bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does Family History Have any Relevance to Clinical Practice in Cardiology?
Authors: Conti C. Richard 
Published: January 2009

AbstractYears ago it was common to include all aspects of the history in the presentation, including the family history. In more recent times when there are multiple admissions of patients with cardiac symptoms (e.g., chest pain), the details of the present illness and any past cardiovascular illnesses are generally presented in detail, but there is a tendency to pay little attention to the family history and it is often neglected. Copyright © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Whole‐body section fluorescence imaging – a novel method for tissue distribution studies of fluorescent substances
Authors: Moestue Siver , Nunez Paula , Healey Andrew , Bjerke Roger , Indrevoll Bård , Skotland Tore , Hustvedt Svein Olaf 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe present study demonstrates the usefulness of whole body section fluorescence imaging, a novel technique used in optical imaging drug discovery. This method is in principle an analog of whole body autoradiography, except that fluorescence is measured instead of radioactivity. The method was shown to have a linear concentration–response relationship over a 1000‐fold concentration range. Densitometric image analysis allowed semiquantitative studies of drug disposition and selective tumor retention of an optical imaging drug candidate. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Extent of lymphadenectomy and outcome for patients with stage I nonsmall cell lung cancer
Authors: Varlotto John M. , Recht Abram , Nikolov Margaret , Flickinger John C. , DeCamp Malcolm M. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:It is uncertain whether lymphadenectomy (LA) affects overall survival (OS) or disease‐free survival (DFS) rates for patients with stage I nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC), as is the optimal number of lymph nodes that should be recovered.METHODS:There were 24,273 patients with stage I NSCLC diagnosed from 1992 to 2002 who were included in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database and who underwent a definitive surgical procedure. Median follow‐up was 35 months.RESULTS:For the entire population, having LA was associated with an increase in the 5‐year OS rate from 41.6% to 58.4% (P<.0001) and in DFS from 58.0% to 73.09%, compared with not having LA. Outcome improved with increasing number of recovered lymph nodes, with a plateau at 11 or more lymph nodes. For patients diagnosed from 1998 to 2002 undergoing only N1 or only N2 dissections, LA was also associated with statistically significant improvements in OS in both groups and a significant difference and trend for improved DFS in the 2 groups, respectively. The maximum differences in both OS and DFS between those with no LA and those with LA occurred when 11 to 16 lymph nodes were removed for the former group or 7 to 10 lymph nodes for the latter group, respectively.CONCLUSIONS:LA was associated with increased rates of OS and DFS, compared with no LA. Our results also suggest the minimum number of recovered lymph nodes needed to see the maximum staging accuracy conferred by LA. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Autoantibodies in autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type I patients react with major brain neurotransmitter systems
Authors: Fetissov Sergueï O. , Bensing Sophie , Mulder Jan , Le Maitre Erwan , Hulting Anna‐Lena , Harkany Tibor , Ekwall Olov , Sköldberg Filip , Husebye Eystein S. , Perheentupa Jaakko , Rorsman Fredrik , Kämpe Olle , Hökfelt Tomas 
Published: January 2009

AbstractPatients with autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type I (APS1) often display high titers of autoantibodies (autoAbs) directed against aromatic L‐amino acid decarboxylase (AADC), tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH), and glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD). Neurological symptoms, including stiff‐man syndrome and cerebellar ataxia, can occur in subjects with high levels of GAD autoAbs, particularly when patient sera can immunohistochemically stain γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurons. However, it was not known if APS1 sera can also stain major monoamine systems in the brain. Therefore, in this work we applied sera from 17 APS1 patients known to contain autoAbs against AADC, TH, TPH, and/or GAD to rat brain sections and processed the sections according to the sensitive immunohistochemical tyramide signal amplification method. We found that autoAbs in sera from 11 patients were able to stain AADC‐containing dopaminergic, serotonergic, and noradrenergic as well as AADC only (D‐group) neurons and fibers in the rat brain, in several cases with a remarkably high quality and sensitivity (dilution up to 1:1,000,000); and, since they are human antibodies, they offer a good opportunity for performing multiple‐labeling experiments using antibodies from other species. Six APS1 sera also stained GABAergic neuronal circuitries. Similar results were obtained in the mouse and primate brain. Our data demonstrate that many APS1 sera can immunostain the major monoamine and GABA systems in the brain. Only in a few cases, however, there was evidence that these autoAbs can be associated with neurological manifestations in APS1 patients, as, e.g., shown in stiff‐man syndrome. J. Comp. Neurol. 513:1–20, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sharp regularity results on second derivatives of solutions to the Monge‐Ampère equation with VMO type data
Authors: Huang Qingbo 
Published: January 2009

AbstractWe establish interior estimates for Lp‐norms, Orlicz norms, and mean oscillation of second derivatives of solutions to the Monge‐Ampère equation det D2u = f(x) with zero boundary value, where f(x) is strictly positive, bounded, and satisfies a VMO‐type condition. These estimates develop the regularity theory of the Monge‐Ampère equation in VMO‐type spaces. Our Orlicz estimates also sharpen Caffarelli's celebrated W2, p‐estimates. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Fluorescence Single‐Molecule Study of Cobra Phospholipase A2 Action on a Supported Gel‐Phase Lipid Bilayer
Authors: Chiu Chang‐Ru , Huang Wei‐Ning , Wu Wen‐Guey , Yang Tzyy‐Schiuan 
Published: January 2009

AbstractEnzyme in action: The accumulated single‐molecule image (see picture) of phospholipase A2 (PLA2) 15–21 min after its injection on a lipid membrane shows transient interactions of PLA2 (blue) with the membrane surface and stable binding to the boundaries of membrane structure defects. The adsorbed PLA2 molecules move with a speed below the experimental resolution of 40 nm min−1.magnified imagePrevious nanoscale investigations of the gel‐state membrane surface structure under the action of phospholipase A2 (PLA2) suggest that single enzymes at work scoot on the membrane surface from the observed defects, which creates nanosized channels oriented along the lipid crystal‐packing structure. To date, however, there have been no reports of direct observation of PLA2 at the single‐molecule level focusing on how the enzymes interact with the defects. Herein, we report a single‐molecule fluorescence microscopy study on the action of enzymatically active rhodamine B‐labeled cobra PLA2 on a supported lipid membrane with visible packing defects on a glass substrate. Working with a gel‐state phospholipid bilayer, the low‐activity period (lag phase) of PLA2 action is followed by the burst binding of PLA2 molecules from aqueous solution on a few newly created active sites. These active sites are distinguished by a spatial resolution of ≈40 nm, which is below the diffraction limit. The rate of active‐site propagation as reflected by new PLA2 binding on the membrane surface is estimated to be ≈5 nm min−1. This rate is about two orders of magnitude slower than the propagation rate of hydrolyzed channels estimated by AFM studies on bee venom PLA2 on a similar membrane surface. This direct observation of PLA2 molecules allows the visualization of different PLA2 binding modes on the membrane surface and on the membrane boundary.
Influence of Mg Doping on GaN Nanowires
Authors: Zhang Dongdong , Xue Chengshan , Zhuang Huizhao , Sun Haibo , Cao Yuping , Huang Yinglong , Wang Zouping , Wang Ying 
Published: January 2009

AbstractMagnesium‐doped GaN nanowires with different dopant concentrations are synthesized and their morphology, structure, growth properties, crystallinity, and optical properties investigated. The nanowires are single‐crystalline with hexagonal wurzite structure, and doping with 5 atom % of Mg gives nanowires with the best morphology and crystallinity (see HRTEM image).magnified imageMagnesium‐doped GaN nanowires with different dopant concentrations are synthesized by ammoniating Ga2O3 thin films doped with Mg at 900 °C. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX), high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and room‐temperature photoluminescence (PL) are employed to characterize the influences on the morphology, structure, crystallinity, and optical properties of Mg‐doped GaN nanowires. The results demonstrate that the nanowires are single‐crystalline with hexagonal wurzite structure. GaN nanowires doped with 5 atom % of Mg have the best morphology and crystallinity with a single‐crystalline structure, and at this composition the PL spectrum with the strongest UV peak is observed. The growth mechanism of crystalline GaN nanowires is discussed briefly.
Chiral Gold Nanoparticles
Authors: Gautier Cyrille , Bürgi Thomas 
Published: January 2009

AbstractNanoparticle chiralityhas attracted much attention recently, and the application of chiral nanoparticles to chiral technologies (see figure) is also of interest. This Minireview deals with advances in the preparation and characterization of chiral gold nanoparticles. Origins of the chiroptical properties and potential applications are discussed.magnified imageMonolayer‐protected gold nanoparticles have many appealing physical and chemical properties such as quantum size effects, surface plasmon resonance, and catalytic activity. These hybrid organic–inorganic nanomaterials have promising potential applications as building blocks for nanotechnology, as catalysts, and as sensors. Recently, the chirality of these materials has attracted attention, and application to chiral technologies is an interesting perspective. This minireview deals with the preparation of chiral gold nanoparticles and their chiroptical properties. On the basis of the latter, together with predictions from quantum chemical calculations, we discuss different models that were put forward in the past to rationalize the observed optical activity in metal‐based electronic transitions. We furthermore critically discuss these models in view of recent results on the structure determination of some gold clusters as well as ligand‐exchange experiments examined by circular dichroism spectroscopy. It is also demonstrated that vibrational circular dichroism can be used to determine the structure of a chiral adsorbate and the way it interacts with the metal. Finally, possible applications of these new chiral materials are discussed.
Impact of ultrafiltration rate on heart rate variability parameters
Authors: Tong Yanqing , Wang Qian , Hou Zhaohui , Sun Jianguo 
Published: January 2009

AbstractOBJECTIVEWe attempted to study the impact of the ultrafiltration (UF) rate on heart rate variability (HRV) parameters by maintaining sufficient session time, Kt/V, and UF.METHODSThe 16 Chinese hemodialysis (HD) patients in the study were divided into 3 subgroups according to UF rate: 5 patients in subgroup A with a UF rate ≤0.5 L/h, 7 patients in subgroup B with a UF rate >0.5 L/h and ≤1 L/h, and 4 patients in subgroup C with a UF rate >1 L/h. The research included 3 phases. In the first phase, baseline Holter and blood pressure recording was performed. In the second phase, the patients were admitted for HD with continuous Holter and blood pressure recording. The third phase was after HD with continuous Holter and blood pressure recording. The tape recordings were analyzed by an independent, blinded investigator.RESULTSIn our study, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and mean arterial pressure remained unchanged in the 3 subgroups before, during, and after the HD process. In HRV, several parameters began to show changes at the start of HD. PNN50 was reduced significantly (p < 0.05) in subgroup C after HD for 3 hours. Subgroups A and B demonstrated the same trend (p < 0.05). The differences between the 3 subgroups were not significant (p > 0.05). The SDNN and low‐frequency/high‐frequency ratio increased significantly (p < 0.05) in subgroup C after HD for 3 hours until 1 hour after HD. The differences were significant compared with the other 2 subgroups (p < 0.05). During the post‐HD state, almost all HRV parameters showed a little recovery to the pre‐HD state.CONCLUSIONSOur study suggested a prevalence of sympathetic activity in 4‐hour HD patients with a UF rate >1 L/h, especially at the 3‐hour point during HD. To prevent HD‐related augmented sympathetic activity, prolonged HD sessions with low UF rates (<1 L/h), careful titration of target weight, and low interdialytic weight gain are recommended.
Antitumor effect of substituted quinolines in breast cancer cells
Authors: Gakhar Gunjan , Ohira Takahiro , Shi Aibin , Hua Duy H. , Nguyen Thu Annelise 
Published: January 2009

AbstractCancer is caused in part by the disruption in cell homeostasis, affecting the ability to respond to extracellular signals, triggering some intracellular events that affect gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC). Cancer cells have reduced or altered GJIC capacity. One feasible approach to reduce growth of cancer cells is to enhance/alter the GJIC. The capability of cells to communicate through the gap junction is negatively related to their growth activity. A computational docking study showed that a new class of substituted quinolines designated as PQs had a relatively high binding to gap junction protein, connexin 43. Thus, PQs were used in this study to assess their effect on human breast cancer cells. Scrape load/dye transfer and colony growth assays were performed to measure GJIC and determine the effect of the PQ compounds on colony formation in human normal mammary epithelial cells (HMEC) and breast cancer cells, respectively. PQs had a significant antitumor effect in human breast cancer cells compared with control without treatment or normal mammary epithelial cells. PQ1 (200 nM) showed a 30% increase in the GJIC in T47D cells; however, there was no effect of PQ treatment on GJIC in normal mammary epithelial cells. In addition to an increase in GJIC, 80–95% growth attenuation was observed by PQ1 in colony growth assay. Moreover, an increase in caspase 3 with PQ‐treated cells was observed, suggesting a possible involvement in apoptosis. PQ1‐treated animals showed a significant decrease in xenograft tumor growth of T47D cells in nude mice compared with control or tamoxifen‐treated animals. The results show that PQ1 has a promising role in exerting antitumor activity in human breast cancer cells. Treatment with PQ1 in T47D cells caused an increase in GJIC activity and active caspase 3, and a decrease in colony growth and cell viability. Drug Dev Res 69:526–534, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Development of a high‐pressure air‐insulated 72/84‐kV disconnecting switch corresponding to bus‐transfer current switching
Authors: Rokunohe Toshiaki , Yagihashi Yoshitaka , Endo Fumihiro , Oomori Takashi 
Published: January 2009

AbstractSF6 gas has excellent dielectric strength and current interruption performance. For these reasons, it has been widely used for gas‐insulated switchgear (GIS). Today, such global environmental problems as global warming are important issues of concern. SF6 gas is known as a greenhouse gas with a long atmospheric lifetime, and has global warming potential of 23,900. SF6‐free 72‐kV GIS was recently developed by using high‐pressure air and a gas/solid hybrid structure. But an alternating current disconnecting switch (DS) has yet to be developed thus making this type of SF6‐free 72‐kV GIS unsuitable for double bus‐bar application. Consequently, the development of a high‐pressure air‐insulated DS corresponding to bus‐transfer current switching has been expected. The bus‐transfer current is the highest among all current interruption requirements for the DS. To develop an alternating current DS, efforts must be made to reduce arcing damage to the electrode. This paper describes the fundamental characteristics of current interruption in the plain break type and the magnetic field driven type. Then, average arcing time of the magnetic field driven type was estimated by magnetic flux density. Finally, two types of DS, which were a high‐speed plain break and a low‐speed magnetic field driven, were confirmed to comply with bus‐transfer current switching requirements on JEC standard. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 167(2): 48–55, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20595
A control method for small‐scale DC power systems including distributed generators
Authors: Ito Youichi , Yang Zhongqing , Akagi Hirofumi 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThis paper describes a DC micro‐grid system interconnecting distributed power generators. The system consists of five generation and control units: a solar‐cell generation unit, a wind‐turbine generation unit, a battery energy‐storage unit, a flywheel power‐leveling unit, and an AC grid‐interconnecting power control unit. The control method is proposed for suppressing the circulating current by detecting only the DC grid voltage. This method brings high reliability, high flexibility, and maintenance‐free operation to the system. The method pays attention to DC output voltage performance of each unit. Each of the power control units and the energy‐storage unit is controlled to act as a voltage source with imaginary impedance. On the other hand, each of the two generation units is controlled to act as a current source. The power‐leveling unit is controlled to act as a current source having the function of frequency selectivity like a high‐pass filter. A 10‐kW prototype system verifies experimentally the validity and effectiveness of the proposed control method for the DC‐grid system. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 167(2): 86–93, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20603
Current waveform distortion of doubly‐fed generator for wind turbine application by spatial higher harmonics
Authors: Nishihama Kazuo , Ide Kazumasa , Fujigaki Tetsuo , Mizutani Shuji , Iizuka Motonobu 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThis paper describes a method to analyze higher harmonic currents resulting from higher space harmonics, depending on the winding pattern of a doubly‐fed generator. A 1.5‐MW generator was used for the analysis, and the results are compared using finite element magnetic field analysis and measurements.The result revealed that the proposed analysis, which focuses on the winding pattern and takes into account higher space harmonics, allows us to calculate higher harmonic currents at high precision, understand the mechanism of changing higher harmonic currents due to the slip or the load of the generator and considerably reduce higher harmonic currents at the armature by restricting higher harmonic currents at the magnetic field. In addition, the sensitivity analysis of design parameters clarified the relationship between current distortion and basic characteristics on electric designs. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 167(2): 79–85, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20606
Evaluation of cost and reliability of power systems with large numbers of distributed generators
Authors: Sasaki Yutaka , Kita Hiroyuki , Tanaka Eiichi , Hasegawa Jun 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe authors have proposed the Flexible, Reliable and Intelligent ENergy Delivery System (called “FRIENDS”), which is a new concept for future power distribution systems. Also, a “micro grid” which is a similar concept to FRIENDS has been developed. In a micro grid, an independent distribution system can be constituted by a number of distributed generators. In this paper, FRIENDS, Micro grid, and conventional distribution systems are compared quantitatively in supply reliability and system cost through time sequential Monte Carlo simulations. In addition, for cost evaluation, interruption costs are included to show risk incurred by unsupplied energy. Finally, the authors search for preferable form with install and operation of distributed generators and network composition according to social cost including interruption cost and system cost. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 167(2): 28–37, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20659
Proposal and development of radial air‐gap coreless generator suitable for small wind turbine used in urban area
Authors: Takahashi Toshiyuki , Yasuda Yoh , Ohmoto Shingo , Hara Takehisa 
Published: January 2009

AbstractIndependent distributed power generation using small wind turbines is becoming more widespread as wind power generation increases. Installation of small wind turbines in densely populated urban areas is not only useful from the viewpoint of extracting wind power sources in weak‐wind areas but also for making renewable energy easier to access when power supplies are closer to consumers. It is from this point of view that the authors proposed “urban wind power generation” using a collective system with a number of small vertical wind turbines, and have developed a suitable generator for low‐speed vertical wind turbines such as a Savonius windmill.Based on a standard coreless generator, the proposed generator is designed to make the direction of the magnetic flux radial in order to install the magnets and coils on the outer end of the generator. The change of magnet composition and flux direction maximizes the speed of the flux change and output voltage within a limited space. With the above configuration, the power of the proposed generator is independent of the diameter.In this report, the authors describe and evaluate the fundamental performance of a prototype of the proposed generator. Based on the experiments, a maximum output power of 283 W was obtained. The obtained starting torque is small enough to begin rotation under weak wind conditions of no more than 1 m/s. Therefore, it is clear that the proposed “radial” coreless generator is suitable for self‐starting and producing high power at low wind speed. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 167(1): 26– 34, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20695
Evaluation of costs for procuring reserve capacity in a deregulated power system using multi‐agent model
Authors: Suzuki Satoshi , Kita Hiroyuki , Tanaka Eiichi , Hasegawa Jun 
Published: January 2009

AbstractIn this paper, we assume 2 models for securing reserve capacity. One is “Commitment‐based Security Model” and the other is “Reserve Market‐based Security Model.” In Commitment‐based security model, ISO commits procurement of reserve energy to a particular generation company. Meanwhile, in Reserve market‐based security model, ISO procures reserve energy through reserve market. The main object of this research is to investigate which model will be preferable for the viewpoint of consumer's cost. To compare these models, two things are considered in this paper. One is bidding behavior of agents which bids to energy market and reserve market. To consider this, Q‐Learning of multi‐agent model is used. Also, the Unit Commitment (UC) is considered to calculate generation cost. This is to calculate the cost for securing reserve power more precisely. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 167(1): 18– 25, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20705