bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PRODUCTION OF RECOMBINANT MILK-CONVERTING ENZYME IN YEAST PICHIA PASTORIS
Authors: Akishev Zh. , Auyez M. , Baltin K. , Tursunbekova A. , Khassenov B. 
Published: April 2024

Chymosin is the main enzyme with a high degree of specificity towards k-casein and is therefore used in the cheese industry. This work presents the results on the expression of the goat prochymosin gene in the yeast Pichia pastoris and the study of the milk-clotting activity of recombinant goat chymosin. The goat prochymosin gene was integrated into the chromosomal DNA of yeast and the secretion of prochymosin into yeast culture was carried out by methanol induction. After activation, chymosin was purified by sequential anion and cation exchange chromatography. A biochemical study showed that a decrease in the milk-clotting activity of the enzyme was observed with an increase in pH. The highest activity of recombinant goat chymosin was manifested at 60 °C and pH 4.5-5.0 and amounted to 7680 ± 0.32 and 8727 ± 0.39 for cow's and goat's milk, respectively. The total proteolytic activity of the enzyme was 7769.2±0.38 U/mg. The results obtained suggest that recombinant goat chymosin can be used in the cheese industry and has good prospects for practical application in the production of cheese from goat's milk.
A practical approach to uveitis screening in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis
Authors: Foeldvari Ivan , Bohn Marcela , Petrushkin Harry , Angeles Han S , Bangsgaard Regitze , Calzada-Hernández Joan , Constantin Tamas , de Boer Joke H , Díaz-Cascajosa Jesus , Edelsten Clive , Glerup Mia , Ingels Helene , Kramer Sebastian , Miserocchi Elisabetta , Nordal Ellen , Saurenmann Rotraud K , Simonini Gabriele , Solebo Ameenat Lola , Titz Jan , Anton Jordi 
Published: April 2024

BackgroundJuvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA)-associated uveitis typically presents as a silent chronic anterior uveitis and can lead to blindness. Adherence to current screening guidelines is hampered by complex protocols which rely on the knowledge of specific JIA characteristics. The Multinational Interdisciplinary Working Group for Uveitis in Childhood identified the need to simplify screening to enable local eye care professionals (ECPs), who carry the main burden, to screen children with JIA appropriately and with confidence.MethodsA consensus meeting took place in January 2023 in Barcelona, Spain, with an expert panel of 10 paediatric rheumatologists and 5 ophthalmologists with expertise in paediatric uveitis. A summary of the current evidence for JIA screening was presented. A nominal group technique was used to reach consensus.ResultsThe need for a practical but safe approach that allows early uveitis detection was identified by the panel. Three screening recommendations were proposed and approved by the voting members. They represent a standardised approach to JIA screening taking into account the patient’s age at the onset of JIA to determine the screening interval until adulthood.ConclusionBy removing the need for the knowledge of JIA categories, antinuclear antibody positivity or treatment status, the recommendations can be more easily implemented by local ECP, where limited information is available. It would improve the standard of care on the local level significantly. The proposed protocol is less tailored to the individual than the ‘gold standard’ ones it references and does not aim to substitute those where they are being used with confidence.
Validity and reliability of the Persian version of the Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Health-Related Quality of Life questionnaire
Authors: Ebrahimi Seyed Ali , Mostafavian Zahra , Karazhian Elahe , Najafi Fereshteh , Mashoufi Rasam , Zandbaf Tooraj , Mokhtari Elham 
Published: April 2024

ObjectiveThe Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Health-Related Quality of Life (GERD-HRQL) is one of the most widely used questionnaires for assessing typical gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) symptoms. It is simple, concise, and treatment responsive, yet it has not been validated in the Persian language. This study aimed to translate the GERD-HRQL questionnaire into Persian and assess its validity and reliability.DesignIn this cross-sectional validation study, a team of gastroenterologists, general surgeons, and professional translators conducted the forward-backward translation. A gastroenterologist interviewed 10 patients with GORD to insure understandability of the questionnaire. Fifty-four patients with GORD and 60 patients with gastrointestinal complaints other than GORD were enrolled using convenience sampling method. To assess concurrent validity, patients with GORD completed the Persian GERD-HRQL and the WHO Quality of Life Brief Version (WHOQOL-BREF) questionnaires. To assess discriminant validity, GERD-HRQL scores were compared between GORD and non-GORD patients. After 2 weeks, the patients with GORD completed the GERD-HRQL questionnaire again to assess test–retest reliability. The internal consistency was measured using Cronbach’s alpha.ResultsThe mean age of the GORD participants was 36.90±10.44, and the majority were women (78%). All GERD-HRQL domains and total scores exhibited significant negative correlations with WHOQOL-BREF domains (ranging from −0.28 to −0.97). The GERD-HRQL scores were significantly different in GORD and non-GORD patients (p<0.001). Test and retest scores did not show any significant differences (p=0.49). Cronbach’s alpha was 0.85.ConclusionThe Persian GERD-HRQL questionnaire is valid and reliable and can effectively assess the GORD symptoms in Persian-speaking individuals.
Head rotation and the perception of eyelid height and contour
Authors: Diniz Stefania B , Meer Elana , Nesemann John M , Jackson Nicholas J , Rootman Daniel B 
Published: April 2024

PurposeEffective visual perceptual processing is one of the many components of surgical competence. Human face identification is most efficient when viewed upright. However, it is not yet clear how this perception sensitivity impacts eyelid symmetry. This study investigates surgeons’ and laypeople’s accuracy and efficiency in perceiving eyelid asymmetry from different spatial perspectives.MethodsA prospective psychometric experiment was conducted where oculoplastic surgeons were recruited from the American Society of Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and the Brazilian Oculoplastic Surgery Society, and control participants were recruited via crowdsourcing (Amazon’s Mechanical Turk). Standard illustrations of the human face with varying degrees of eyelid abnormality, laterality, gender and rotation were presented to participants who were asked to judge whether the eyelids were symmetric or asymmetric.ResultsThe survey was completed by 75 oculoplastic surgeons (49.33% male; mean age of 46.9±10.7) and 192 lay individuals (54.6% male; mean age 34.6±11.3 years). Among oculoplastic surgeons, deviation from upright was significantly associated with increased reaction time and decreased proportion correct (OR per 45° for peak 0.68, 95% CI 0.60 to 0.77, p<0.001; OR per 45° for ptosis 0.52, 95% CI 0.32 to 0.87, p=0.012; OR per 180° for aggregate responses 0.56, 95% CI 0.51 to 0.61, p<0.001). Oculoplastic surgeons demonstrated increasing accuracy and decreasing reaction time with additional trials for both peak and ptosis.ConclusionOculoplastic surgeons perceive eyelid asymmetries more accurately and can better compensate for inverted sensory information. However, accuracy increases and reaction time decreases with additional trials, suggesting trainability and potential for improvement in inversion disability.
Parenting attitude towards children with autism spectrum disorders: the Japan environment and children’s study
Authors: Kanamori Keita , Suzuki Tomohisa , Ota Chiharu 
Published: April 2024

ObjectiveThe primary objective of this study was to investigate the parenting attitudes towards children with autism spectrum disorders in early childhood in Japan.DesignThis study was a cohort study. The participants were enrolled from January 2011 to March 2014. We obtained the prevalence of autism spectrum disorders at 3 years of age, parenting attitudes and other factors from questionnaires. We divided the participants into two groups, an autism spectrum disorders group and a non-autism spectrum disorders group, and compared the parenting attitudes.SettingThis study used data from a Japanese birth cohort study: the Japan Environment and Children’s Study, conducted across 15 regional centres in Japan.ParticipantsThe full dataset of the Japan Environment and Children’s Study comprised 104 059 records. We excluded 17 889 records because the answer for the autism spectrum disorders in the questionnaire was blank. As a result, we analysed the remaining 82 411 mother–child pairs.Main outcome measuresThe primary outcome variable was parenting attitudes at 3.5 years of age, which was assessed using a questionnaire. We asked respondents 16 questions related to parenting attitudes, and they answered based on their behaviours. The independent variable was the prevalence of autism spectrum disorders at 3 years of age.ResultsOf the 82 411 participants, the children with autism spectrum disorders at 3 years of age were 372 (0.45%). In most questions about parenting attitudes, the autism spectrum disorders group had unfavourable responses. The difference was particularly noticeable when the parents taught their children social discipline. Unfavourable parenting attitudes were 16.6% in the autism spectrum disorders group and 0.8% in the non-autism spectrum disorders group in the question item with the largest difference between the two groups, a significant difference.ConclusionsParents of children with autism spectrum disorders tended to have unfavourable attitudes, suggesting the importance of parental training.
PROJECT PREVENT: a randomized controlled trial of preoperative vaginal metronidazole to decrease patient issues and infections after hysterectomy
Authors: Pradhan Tana , Zhang Helen , Kadesh Amanda , Buskwofie Ama , Patankar Sonali , Menon Sharifa , Ryntz Timothy , Grimes Cara L. 
Published: April 2024

ObjectivesTo evaluate if vaginal metronidazole for 5 days before hysterectomy decreases postoperative infections and patient issues.DesignThis randomized trial compared vaginal metronidazole for 5 days before a scheduled hysterectomy to no intervention. Sample size calculation was based on a 20% difference in issues and infection (30% incidence and 10% in the intervention arm) with 80% power and an alpha error of 0.05 and indicated 62 subjects needed in each arm.SettingOutpatient gynecology clinics at a single academic institution.Participants154 subjects were screened for eligibility between July 2020 and September 2022. 133 underwent hysterectomy including 68 subjects (51.1%) randomized to the metronidazole and 65 (48.9%) controls. Overall, the population was racially and ethnically diverse. There was no significant difference in characteristics between the two groups.InterventionsVaginal metronidazole for 5 days before hysterectomy.Main outcome measuresPostoperative patient issues and documented postoperative infections at 4–8 weeks after surgery.ResultsThere was no difference in the composite rate of patient-reported issues and/or documented postoperative infection (53/133 (39.8%) with no difference between groups (29/68 (42.6%) vs 24/65 (36.9%), p=0.50). There was no difference in patient-reported issues which was 51/133 (38.3%) with no difference between groups (28/68 (41.2%) vs 23/65 (33.8%), p=0.49) or in documented infections with a rate of 25/133 (18.8%) with no significant difference between groups (15/68 (22.0%) vs 10/65 (15.4%), p=0.33). In the intervention arm, the compliance rate was 73.5% for all 5 days of vaginal metronidazole, and a per-protocol analysis was performed which resulted in no significant difference between groups.ConclusionsThere is insufficient evidence to suggest a significant benefit of preoperative vaginal metronidazole to prevent surgical site infections and postoperative patient issues in patients undergoing hysterectomy.Trial registration numberClinicalTrials.gov,NCT04478617.
Changes in family situation and concurrent changes in working life: a 15-year longitudinal analysis
Authors: Wang Mo , Svedberg Pia , Narusyte Jurgita , Ropponen Annina 
Published: April 2024

ObjectiveCurrently, little is known regarding changes in family situation with concurrent changes in working life. This study aimed to examine whether changes in family situation (based on living with children and/or marrying/divorcing) were associated with changes in working life and whether the associations were influenced by sex, genetics and early life environment.DesignProspective cohort study.Setting and participantsData from Swedish national registers of 16 410 twins were used. Fixed-effects logistic regression models assessing ORs with 95% CIs were applied to examine associations between changes in family situation and working life controlling for time-invariant effects and adjusted for covariates, and conditional models to account for confounding of genetics and early life environment.ResultsChanges in individuals life situation from being single and living without children to married and living with children were associated with transitioning from unsustainable (ie, having unemployment or sickness absence/disability pension) to sustainable working life (men: OR 2.40, 95% CI 2.26 to 2.56; women: OR 1.68, 95% CI 1.59 to 1.78). Changes from being married to single, in contrast, attenuated the likelihood of transitioning to a sustainable working life. Moreover, changes in men’s working life seem to be more dependent on changes in family situation compared with women. Genetic factors and early life environment play a role in the associations.ConclusionsFamily formation increases the likelihood of a more stable working life whereas divorce is a risk factor for work interruptions. Our study emphasises that family formation improves the work life situation and to a higher degree for men.
Thirty-year trends of anxiety disorders among adolescents based on the 2019 Global Burden of Disease Study
Authors: Liu Xiaohan , Yang Fan , Huang Ning , Zhang Shan , Guo Jing 
Published: April 2024

BackgroundAnxiety disorders are the most common psychiatric problems, affecting approximately 1 in 12 children and 1 in 4 adolescents. Understanding the incidence, burden and correlated risks of anxiety disorders among children and adolescents can help identify areas of success, stagnation and emerging threats, thereby facilitating effective improvement strategies.AimsTo estimate the incidence and burden trends of anxiety disorders in children and adolescents from 1990 to 2019 in 204 countries and compare the incidence and disease burden in different countries. To examine the association between anxiety disorders and social indicators (healthcare access and quality of life).MethodsData were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. The age-standardised incidence rates (ASIRs) and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) were reported to assess the burden of anxiety disorders, and the estimated annual percentage change was calculated to quantify the temporal trends. Pearson’s correlation was used to investigate country-level risk factors for incidence and DALYs.ResultsGlobally, there were 932 million incident cases of anxiety disorders in children and adolescents, 739.29 per 100 000 ASIRs and 380.62 million DALYs in 2019. From 1990 to 2019, the estimated annual percentage change of incidence of anxiety disorders decreased by 2.2%. Significant variations were observed in the age-standardised burden rate and the changing trend of anxiety disorders among countries. Portugal reported the highest ASIR of anxiety disorders, while Mexico had the largest increase rate of ASIR. In 2019, Portugal reported the highest number of DALYs (1001.71 million), and India (212.09 million) reported the lowest number of DALYs. The burden of anxiety disorders was positively correlated with the average number of psychiatrists, psychologists and nurses in the mental health sector (per 100 000), and quality of life and the correlation coefficients were 0.58, 0.67, 0.43 and 0.53, respectively.ConclusionsThe incidence and global burden of anxiety disorders in adolescents have continued to decrease over the past 30 years. However, the incidence and disease burden in developed countries are still increasing steadily. Policymakers should design and implement mental health strategies for adolescents based on their specific developmental status, as well as the cultural and regional characteristics of each country.
Conception, modelling, and characterization of a fiber amplifier with a simple and easy-to-repair configuration intended for the use in harsh environments
Authors: Ozawa Naoya , Nakamura Keisuke , Sakemi Yasuhiro 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWe have developed a Yb-doped fiber amplifier (YDFA) using fusion splicing, and characterized its performance with numerical simulation, achieving a continuous output of above $10~{\mathrm{W}}$
10

W
of $1064~{\mathrm{nm}}$
1064

nm
light. The device has been conceptualized to have a configuration as simple as possible; a strategy for using fiber amplifiers in harsh environments where quick repairs and replacements may become necessary at unexpected times.
Tumor–Host Cometabolism Collaborates to Shape Cancer Immunity
Authors: Wu Yingcheng , Zou Qiang , Jiang Peng , Gao Qiang 
Published: April 2024

Summary:
Nutrients are essential for supporting tumor growth and immune cell function in the tumor microenvironment, but emerging evidence reveals a paradoxical competition and collaboration between the metabolic demands of proliferating cancer cells and immune cell activation. Dietary interventions and metabolic immunoengineering offer promise to selectively modulate cancer and immune cell metabolism by targeting metabolic sensing processes rather than pathways directly, moving beyond conventional ideas and heralding an exciting new era of immunometabolism discovery and translation.
Immunogenetic Diversity and Cancer Immunotherapy Disparities
Authors: de Miranda Noel F.C.C. , Scheeren Ferenc A. 
Published: April 2024

Summary:
The success of checkpoint blockade cancer immunotherapies has unequivocally confirmed the critical role of T cells in cancer immunity and boosted the development of immunotherapeutic strategies targeting specific antigens on cancer cells. The vast immunogenetic diversity of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I alleles across populations is a key factor influencing the advancement of HLA class I–restricted therapies and related research and diagnostic tools.
The Hallmarks of Precancer
Authors: Stangis Mary M. , Chen Zhengyi , Min Jimin , Glass Sarah E. , Jackson Jordan O. , Radyk Megan D. , Hoi Xen Ping , Brennen W. Nathaniel , Yu Ming , Dinh Huy Q. , Coffey Robert J. , Shrubsole Martha J. , Chan Keith S. , Grady William M. , Yegnasubramanian Srinivasan , Lyssiotis Costas A. , Maitra Anirban , Halberg Richard B. , Dey Neelendu , Lau Ken S. 
Published: April 2024

Summary:
Research on precancers, as defined as at-risk tissues and early lesions, is of high significance given the effectiveness of early intervention. We discuss the need for risk stratification to prevent overtreatment, an emphasis on the role of genetic and epigenetic aging when considering risk, and the importance of integrating macroenvironmental risk factors with molecules and cells in lesions and at-risk normal tissues for developing effective intervention and health policy strategies.
An online battery–state of charge estimation method using the varying forgetting factor recursive least square - unscented Kalman filter algorithm on electric vehicles
Authors: Thi Diep Nguyen , Trung Nguyen Kien 
Published: April 2024

Accurate and fast estimation of the state of charge is important for the battery management system of electric vehicles. This paper proposes a method to estimate the state of charge of Lithium-ion batteries by the <span lang="EN-US">variable</span> forgetting factor recursive least square (VFFRLS) – unscented Kalman filter (UKF) algorithm in real-time without the off-line battery testing data. Since the state observation requires an accurate model, an equivalent circuit model was constructed. Then, the VFFRLS algorithm is used to identify online the battery model parameters based on voltage and current measurements. An advantage of this algorithm is that it requires less initial information and shorter identification time than offline parameter identification. After the model parameters are well identified, the unscented Kalman filter estimates the state of charge and minimizes noise characteristics and uncertainty in the parameter identification process. The VFFRLS algorithm applied in this paper has shown a good result with the model output error of less than 1%, and the identification achieves real-time response. The state of charge obtained by the UKF algorithm has shown satisfactory estimation results with fast convergence speed and small errors. The UKF filter provides the results with a 1.5% error from the reference and converges after 10 cycles.
60 GHz millimeter-wave indoor propagation path loss models for modified indoor environments
Authors: Qasem Nidal , Alkhawatrah Mohammad 
Published: April 2024

The 60 GHz band has been selected for short-range communication systems to meet consumers’ needs for high data rates. However, this frequency is attenuated by obstacles. This study addresses the limitations of the 60 GHz band by modifying indoor environments with square loop (SL) frequency selective surfaces (FSSs) wallpaper, thereby increasing its utilization. The SL FSS wallpaper response at a 61.5 GHz frequency has been analyzed using both MATLAB and CST Studio Suite software. ‘Wireless InSite’ is also used to demonstrate enhanced wave propagation in a building modified with SL FSSs wallpaper. The demonstration is applied to multiple input multiple output system to verify the effectiveness of FSSs on such systems’ capacity, as well as the effect of the human body on capacity. Simulation results presented here show that modifying a building using SL FSS wallpaper is an attractive scheme for significantly improving the indoor 60 GHz wireless communications band. This paper also presents and compares two large-scale indoor propagation path loss models, the close-in (CI) free space reference distance model and the floating intercept (FI) model. Data obtained from ‘Wireless InSite’ over distances ranging from 4 to 14.31 m is analyzed. Results show that the CI model provides good estimation and exhibits stable behavior over frequencies and distances, with a solid physical basis and less computational complexity when compared to the FI model.