bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protective action of indole‐3‐acetic acid on induced hepatocarcinoma in mice
Authors: Mourão Luciana R. M. B. , Santana Roberta S. S. , Paulo Lívia M. , Pugine Silvana M. P. , Chaible Lucas M. , Fukumasu Heidge , Dagli Maria L. Z. , de Melo Mariza P. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractIn this study, we report the protective effects of IAA on diethylnitrosamine (DEN)‐induced hepatocarcinogenesis. BALB/c mice received daily IAA at 50 (T50), 250 (T250), and 500 (T500) mg Kg−1 per body mass by gavage for 15 days. At day 15, animals were administered DEN and sacrificed 4 h later. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were analyzed in sera. In addition, hepatomorphologic alterations, activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione reductase (GR), gene expression of antioxidant enzymes and DNA integrity were evaluated in the liver. IAA administration did not show any alterations in any of the parameters available, except for a reduction of the gene expression for antioxidant enzymes by 55, 56, 27, and 28% for SOD, CAT, GPx, and GR upon T500, respectively compared with the control. Several hepatic alterations were observed by DEN exposure. Moreover, IAA administration at 3 doses was shown to provide a total prevention of the active reduction of CAT and GR induced by DEN exposure compared with the control. IAA at T500 was shown to give partial protection (87, 71, 57, and 90% for respectively SOD, CAT, GPx, and GR) on the down‐regulation of the enzymes induced by DEN and this auxin showed a partial protection (50%) on DEN‐induced DNA fragmentation for both parameters when compared to DEN alone. This work showed IAA hepatocarcinogenesis protection for the first time by means of a DEN‐protective effect on CAT and GR activity, and by affecting antioxidant gene expression and DNA fragmentation. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
TGFβ3 and loading increases osteocyte survival in human cancellous bone cultured ex vivo
Authors: Simpson Angharad E. , Stoddart Martin J. , Davies Catrin M. , Jähn Katharina , Furlong Pamela I. , Gasser Jürg A. , Jones David B. , Noble Brendon S. , Richards Robert G. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe goal of this study was to assess the effect of the addition of TGFβ3, alone or in combination with loading, on the survival of osteocytes in 3D human explant cancellous bone during long‐term culture in an ex vivo loading bioreactor. Human cancellous bone explants were cultured for up to 14 days with or without TGFβ3 (15 ng ml−1) and with or without loading (300 cycles, at 1 Hz, producing 4000 microstrain). Bone core response was visualized using undecalcified histology with morphological methods after embedding with Technovit 9100 New® resin. Histological examination revealed normal gross level bone structure with or without the application of load or the addition of TGFβ3. The viability of the osteocytes within the bone was assessed by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity. We demonstrate that this ex vivo loading bioreactor is able to maintain a high percentage (over 50%) of viable osteocytes throughout the bone explants after 14 days in ex vivo culture. Further to this, the combination of daily loading and TGFβ3 administration produced superior osteocyte survival at the core centres when compared to loading or TGFβ alone. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evidence that L‐glutamine is better than L‐alanine as gluconeogenic substrate in perfused liver of weaned fasted rats submitted to short‐term insulin‐induced hypoglycaemia
Authors: Oliveira‐Yamashita Fabiana , Garcia Rosangela Fernandes , Felisberto‐Junior Antonio Machado , Curi Rui , Bazotte Roberto Barbosa 
Published: December 2008

AbstractGluconeogenesis in livers from overnight fasted weaned rats submitted to short‐term insulin‐induced hypoglycaemia (IIH) was investigated. For this purpose, a condition of hyperinsulinemia/hypoglycaemia was obtained with an intraperitoneal (ip) injection of regular insulin (1.0 U kg−1). Control group (COG group) received ip saline. The studies were performed 30 min after insulin (IIH group) or saline (COG group) injection. The livers from IIH and COG rats were perfused with L‐alanine (5 mM), L‐lactate (2 mM), L‐glutamine (10 mM) or glycerol (2 mM). Hepatic glucose, L‐lactate and pyruvate production from L‐alanine was not affected by IIH. In agreement with this result, the hepatic ability in producing glucose from L‐lactate or glycerol remained unchanged (IIH group vs. COG group). However, livers from IIH rats showed higher glucose production from L‐glutamine than livers from COG rats and, in the IIH rats, the production of glucose from L‐glutamine was higher than that from L‐alanine. The higher glucose production in livers from the IIH group, when compared with the COG group was due to its entrance further on gluconeogenic pathway. Taken together, the results suggest that L‐glutamine is better than L‐alanine, as gluconeogenic substrate in livers of hypoglyceaemic weaned rats. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of short chain fatty acids on effector mechanisms of neutrophils
Authors: Vinolo Marco A. R. , Hatanaka Elaine , Lambertucci Rafael H. , Newsholme Philip , Curi Rui 
Published: December 2008

AbstractShort chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are metabolic by products of anerobic bacteria fermentation. These fatty acids, despite being an important fuel for colonocytes, are also modulators of leukocyte function. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of SCFAs (acetate, propionate, and butyrate) on function of neutrophils, and the possible mechanisms involved. Neutrophils obtained from rats by intraperitoneal lavage 4 h after injection of oyster glycogen solution (1%) were treated with non toxic concentrations of the fatty acids. After that, the following measurements were performed: phagocytosis and destruction of Candida albicans, production of ROS (O, H2O2, and HOCl) and degranulation. Gene expression (p47phox and p22phox) and protein phosphorylation (p47phox) were analyzed by real time reverse transcriptase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) and Western blotting, respectively. Butyrate inhibited phagocytosis and killing of C. albicans. This SCFA also had an inhibitory effect on production of O, H2O2, and HOCl by neutrophils stimulated with PMA or fMLP. This effect of butyrate was not caused by modulation of expression of NADPH oxidase subunits (p47phox and p22phox) but it was in part due to reduced levels of p47phox phosphorylation and an increase in the concentration of cyclic AMP. Acetate increased the production of O and H2O2 in the absence of stimuli but had no effect on phagocytosis and killing of C. albicans. Propionate had no effect on the parameters studied. These results suggest that butyrate can modulate neutrophil function and thus could be important in inflammatory neutrophil‐associated diseases. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Protective effect of aminoguanidine against oxidative stress and bladder injury in cyclophosphamide‐induced hemorrhagic cystitis in rat
Authors: Abraham Premila , Rabi Suganthy , Selvakumar Dhayakani 
Published: December 2008

AbstractCyclophosphamide (CP) is an antineoplastic agent that is used for the treatment of many neoplastic diseases. Hemorrhagic cystitis (HC) is a major dose limiting side effect of CP. Recent studies show that aminogaunidine, an inhibitor of inducible nitric oxide synthase is a potent antioxidant and prevents changes caused by oxidative stress such as depletion of antioxidant activity and tissue injury. The purpose of the study is to investigate the effect of aminoguanidine on parameters of oxidative stress, antioxidant enzymes and bladder injury caused by CP. Adult male rats were randomly divided into four groups. Control rats were administered saline; the AG control group received 200 mg/kg body wt of aminoguanidine; The CP group received a single injection of CP at the dose of 150 mg/kg body wt intraperitoneally. The CP + AG group received aminoguanidine (200 mg/kg body wt) intraperitoneally 1 h before the administration of CP. The rats were sacrificed 16 h after CP/saline administration. The bladder was used for light microscopic studies and biochemical studies. The markers of oxidative damage including protein carbonyl content, protein thiol, malondialdehyde and conjugated dienes were assayed in the homogenates along with the activities of the antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, and glutathione reductase and glutathioneStransferase. In the bladders of CP treated rats edema of lamina propria with epithelial and sub‐epithelial hemorrhage was seen. All the parameters of oxidative stress that were studied were significantly elevated in the bladders of CP treated rats. The activities of the antioxidant enzymes were significantly lowered in the bladders of CP treated rats. Aminoguanidine pretreatment prevented CP‐induced oxidative stress, decrease in the activities of anti‐oxidant enzymes and reduced bladder damage. The results of the present study suggest the antioxidant role for aminoguanidine in CP‐induced bladder damage. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Single‐Molecule FRET Reveals Structural Heterogeneity of SDS‐Bound α‐Synuclein
Authors: Veldhuis Gertjan , Segers‐Nolten Ine , Ferlemann Eva , Subramaniam Vinod 
Published: December 2008

AbstractSDS‐concentration‐dependent α‐synuclein structure: Upon interaction with SDS, αSyn folds into a structure with two antiparallel α‐helices. We show from single‐molecule FRET that αSynn adopts this conformation in an all‐or‐none fashion below the SDS critical micelle concentration. Population of the folded species is directly coupled to an increase in α‐helix content; this suggests that the entire N terminus is involved in the transaction.magnified image
A novel paclitaxel‐eluting dedicated bifurcation stent: A case report from the first human use Taxus Petal trial
Authors: Johnson Thomas W. , Kay I. Patrick , Ormiston John A. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractA dedicated bifurcation stent has the potential to simplify and improve the outcomes of percutaneous coronary bifurcation intervention. We report a patient from the first human use trial of a novel paclitaxel‐eluting dedicated bifurcation stent. By 6 months, there were no adverse events and the stent lumen and, in particular, the side‐branch ostium were widely patent on angiography and intravascular ultrasound. This device may offer superior results without the limitations of conventional stent techniques in the treatment of coronary bifurcation disease. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Performing a myocardial biopsy in a cardiac transplant patient with a persistent left superior vena cava
Authors: Rogers Kevin , Bader Feras , Gilbert Edward 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe life expectancy of patients with congenital heart disease is increasing. Thus, as the prevalence of adults with congenital heart disease increases, invasive cardiologists will have more exposure to these patients and will benefit from expertise in the anatomy of congenital heart defects. We present a case of performing right heart catheterization and myocardial biopsy in a cardiac transplant patient with a history of multiple congenital defects including a persistent left superior vena cava. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prognostic implications of vascular complications following PCI
Authors: Applegate Robert , Sacrinty Matthew , Little William , Gandhi Sanjay , Kutcher Michael , Santos Renato 
Published: December 2008

AbstractObjectives: To evaluate the effect of vascular complications (VC) on the adjusted risk of nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI) or death following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) at 1 year in a large contemporary cohort. Background: Peri‐procedural bleeding increases the risk of adverse clinical outcomes at 1 year. Whether access site VC's identify patients at high risk or independently alter the risk of adverse clinical outcomes at 1 year, however, is uncertain. Methods: 3,931 PCI procedures performed via a femoral access at a single site (WFUBMC) were evaluated. Access and nonaccess site post procedural bleeding were assessed. The adjusted risk of access site VC's association with 1‐year clinical outcomes was evaluated by Cox proportional hazards modeling. Results: Any VC occurred in 1.7%, and any TIMI bleeding in 6.7% after PCI. The hazard ratio (HR) adjusted for baseline and procedural covariates for any VC of nonfatal MI or all cause death at 1 year was 1.68 (1.00–2.81), P = 0.049 and 1.69 (0.92–3.09), P = 0.088 for all cause death alone. However, after adjusting for any TIMI bleeding, the HR for nonfatal MI or death was 0.84 (0.49–1.45), P = 0.527, and for death alone 0.75 (0.39–1.41), P = 0.369. Conclusions: The occurrence of VC following PCI was an independent predictor of nonfatal MI or death at 1 year, but only if accompanied by TIMI major or minor bleeding. A vascular complication without TIMI bleeding did not alter prognosis at 1 year. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The incidence and predictors of postprocedural incomplete stent apposition after angiographically successful drug‐eluting stent implantation
Authors: Kim Yong‐Seok , Koo Bon‐Kwon , Seo Jae‐Bin , Park Kyung Woo , Suh Jung‐Won , Lee Hae‐Young , Park Jin‐Shik , Kang Hyun‐Jae , Cho Young‐Seok , Chung Woo‐Young , Chae In‐Ho , Choi Dong‐Ju , Kim Hyo‐Soo , Oh Byung‐Hee , Park Young‐Bae 
Published: December 2008

AbstractObjectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence and predictors of postprocedural incomplete stent apposition (ISA) after angiographically successful drug‐eluting stent (DES) implantation. Background: The deployed stents are usually evaluated by angiography alone; however, there are possibilities of postprocedural ISA despite the angiographically successful implantation. Methods: A total of 339 lesions in which poststent intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) was performed after successful DES implantation was included. Paclitaxel‐eluting stents were implanted in 237 lesions and sirolimus‐eluting stents (SES) in 102 lesions. Clinical, angiographic and procedural characteristics and IVUS findings for all cases were analyzed. Results: The overall incidence of ISA was 13.9% (47/339). By multivariate analysis, male gender (OR: 2.36, 95% CI: 1.09–5.11), deployment of SES (OR: 2.90, 95% CI: 1.49–5.67), the presence of intracoronary thrombus (OR: 7.47, 95% CI: 1.67–33.47), and non‐ST elevation myocardial infarction (OR: 2.73, 95% CI: 1.09–6.83) were independent predictors for postprocedural ISA after angiographically successful DES implantation. Conclusions: The incidence of postprocedural ISA after angiographically successful implantation of DES was not infrequent. A DES deployment strategy incorporating IVUS guidance might be helpful to reduce the incidence of postprocedural ISA. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hydrodynamics of a Multi‐Stage Internal Loop Airlift Reactor
Authors: Li S. , Qi T. , Zhang Y. , Liu C. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe local hydrodynamic properties in a multi‐stage internal loop airlift reactor were investigated in this study. The gas‐liquid two‐phase flow hydrodynamic properties, including gas holdup, bubble velocity, bubble diameter, and liquid circulation velocity at various stages were measured by dual electrical resistivity probes and conductivity cells. Detailed studies on the gas holdup, bubble velocity, bubble diameter, and liquid circulation velocity were conducted with respect to various values of superficial gas. The Zuber and Findlay drift flux model was used to represent the variation of slip velocity with total gas‐liquid velocity at various stages and the model fits the data well.
Selective Removal of Carbon Dioxide from Wet CO2/H2 Mixtures via Facilitated Transport Membranes containing Amine Blends as Carriers
Authors: Heydari Gorji A. , Kaghazchi T. , Kargari A. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe selective separation of carbon dioxide (CO2) from a wet gaseous mixture of CO2/H2 through facilitated transport membranes containing immobilized aqueous solutions of monoethanolamine (MEA), diethanolamine (DEA), ethylenediamine (EDA) and monoprotonated ethylenediamine (EDAH+) and their blends was experimentally investigated. The effect of CO2 partial pressure, amine concentration, feed side pressure and amine species on the CO2 and H2 permeances were studied. The CO2 permeability through amine solution membranes decreased with increasing CO2 feed partial pressure but the H2 permeance was almost independent of the H2 partial pressure. A comparison of experimental results showed that single or blended amines with low viscosity and a moderate equilibrium constant, i.e., large forward and reverse reaction rate of CO2‐amine, are suitable for effective separation of CO2. The permeability of CO2 generally increased with an increase in amine concentration, although this increase may be compromised by the salting out effect and decrease in diffusivities of species. The results obtained indicated that CO2 permeance across a variety of amines are in the order of DEA (2 M) > MD (2 M) > MD (1 M) > MEA (2 M) > MEA (4 M) > MD (4 M) > DEA (1 M) > DEA (4 M) > MEA (1 M) for various concentrations of MEA + DEA blend and are in the order of EDAH+ (2 M) > DEA (2 M) > MH (2 M) > DH (2 M) > ED (2 M) > EDA (2 M) > MEA (2 M) for various blends of amine.
Dynamics and Control of a Biodiesel Transesterification Reactor
Authors: Mjalli F. S. , Kim San L. , Chai Yin K. , Azlan Hussain M. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractBiodiesel transesterification reactors resemble the heart of any biodiesel manufacturing plant. These reactors involve a highly complex set of chemical reactions and heat transfer characteristics. The high nonlinearity inherent in the dynamics of these reactors requires an efficient process control algorithm to handle the variation of operational process parameters and the effect of process disturbances efficiently. In this work, a multi‐model adaptive control strategy is considered for achieving the goal mentioned above. In order to implement the adaptive controller, a rigorous mechanistic model of the biodiesel transesterification reactor was developed and validated with published experimental results. The validated model was analyzed for stability and nonlinearity. The analysis revealed that the system is stable. However, its high nonlinearity necessitates an advanced control strategy to be considered. The input‐output relationship between the effective process variables was studied and the control system synthesis revealed a two‐by‐two control system. Two adaptive control loops were then designed and tuned to optimize the performance of the controller. Finally, a comparison with conventional controllers revealed the superiority of the new control system in terms of set‐point tracking and disturbance rejection. The results of this work prove that an adequately designed adaptive control system can be used to improve the performance of the transesterification reactor.
Synthesis of High‐Quality, Double‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes in a Fluidized Bed Reactor
Authors: Liu Y. , Qian W. Z. , Zhang Q. , Ning G. Q. , Luo G. H. , Wang Y. , Wang D. Z. , Wei F. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractDouble‐walled carbon nanotubes (DWCNTs) were synthesized in a packed bed reactor (PBR) and a fluidized bed reactor (FBR) by cracking CH4 on a Fe/MgO catalyst. It is observed that the dominant carbon product changes drastically from DWCNTs to multi‐walled CNTs along the axial direction of PBR. The studies indicated that the high concentration of H2 from the high conversion of CH4 causes the quick reduction and sintering of the iron catalyst and inhibits the nucleation of DWCNTs. Based on these results, the batch or continuous feeding mode of small amounts of catalyst was adopted in a FBR to maintain a high space velocity of CH4 and to inhibit the negative effect of excess H2. Finally, a DWCNT product with a specific surface area of 950 m2/g and a purity of 98 %, was obtained.
Electrocatalytic Dechlorination of Chloroform in Aqueous Solution on Palladium/Titanium Electrode
Authors: Sun Z. , Ge H. , Hu X. , Peng Y. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractElectrochemical dechlorination of chloroform in aqueous solution was investigated on a palladium‐loaded meshed titanium electrode at ambient temperature. The palladium/titanium (Pd/Ti) electrode, which provided a catalytic surface for reductive dechlorination of chloroform in aqueous solution, was prepared with an electrodepositing method. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) micrographs show that Pd microparticles uniformly disperse on the meshed Ti electrode with spheroidal structure. Dechlorination experimental results indicate that, in aqueous solution with the high current efficiency of 33 %, the removal efficiency of chloroform on the Pd/Ti electrode was 37 %, under the conditions of a dechlorination current of 0.1 mA and dechlorination time of 180 min.
Microfabricated Hydrogen Sensitive Membranes
Authors: Naddaf A. , Bart H.‐J. , Krätz L. , Detemple P. , Schmitt S. , Hessel V. , Faqir N. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThin, defect‐free palladium, palladium/copper and palladium/silver hydrogen absorbing membranes were microfabricated. A dual sputtering technique was used to deposit the palladium alloy membranes of only 1 μm thickness on a nonporous silicon substrate. Advanced silicon etching (ASE) was applied on the backside to create a mechanically stable support structure for the thin films. Performance evaluation was carried out for different gases in a temperature range of 20 °C to 298 °C at a constant differential pressure of 110 kPa at the two sides of the membrane. The composite membranes show an excellent permeation rate of hydrogen, which appears to be 0.05 Pa m3 s–1 and 0.01 · 10–3 Pa m3 s–1 at 20 °C for the microfabricated 23 % silver and the 53 % copper composite membranes, respectively. The selectivity to hydrogen over a gas mixture containing, in addition to hydrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and nitrogen was measured. The mass spectrometer did not detect any CO2 or CO, showing that the membrane is completely hydrogen selective. The microfabricated membranes exhibit both high mechanical strength (they easily withstand pressures up to 4 bar) and high thermal stability (up to 650 °C).
Three‐Dimensional Simulation of Hydrodynamics in a Rotating Disc Contactor using Computational Fluid Dynamics
Authors: Ghaniyari‐Benis S. , Hedayat N. , Ziyari A. , Kazemzadeh M. , Shafiee M. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe 3D simulation of the hydrodynamic behavior of a rotating disc contactor (RDC) by means of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was investigated for the n‐butanol‐succinic acid‐water (BSW) system. For the two‐phase liquid‐liquid flow, the velocity distribution of the continuous phase and drop size distributions were determined using the k–ω turbulence model in conjunction with the Eulerian‐Eulerian approach and MUSIG model. In this system in which the holdup of the dispersed phase is low, the continuous phase velocity was computed by simultaneously solving the Navier‐Stokes equations beside the different models of turbulence. The motions of the dispersed phase was calculated while considering buoyancy, drag and inertia forces, and equations related to the continuous and dispersed phases were coupled to each other by considering the momentum transfer on the interface and the effect of drop motions in turbulence. In this simulation, by considering drops' breakage, their path, the velocity profile, and also the velocity contour plot of the dispersed phase were obtained. A comparison of the holdup experimental values with the results predicted by CFD showed that the k–ω model is the best descriptive model for the computation of holdup in a RDC.