bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stereoselectivity in the Synthesis of Enol Esters from Chloromercurio Aldehydes and Acyl Chlorides
Authors: Fukuda Wakichi , Sato Hozumi , Kakiuchi Hiroshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Reactions of chloromercurio aldehydes with acyl chlorides gave a variety of (Z)- and (E)-enol esters. The Z/E ratio of the enol esters is dependent on the structure of chloromercurio aldehydes but independent of that of acyl chlorides. Z-Rich enol esters were prepared by acylation of 2-chloromercurio aldehydes derived from propanal, butanal, and 2-phenylethanal, while E-rich 1-acyloxy-1,3-butadiene was obtained by acylation of (E)-4-chloromercurio-2-butenal. Reaction mechanisms for the stereoselective formation of these enol esters are discussed together with the isomer composition of starting enol acetates from which the chloromercurio aldehydes were prepared.
Studies of Polystyrene-Based Ion-Exchange Fiber. V. Immobilization of Microorganism Cells by Adsorption on a Novel Fiber-Form Anion Exchanger
Authors: Yoshioka Toshio , Shimamura Masaharu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Immobilization of microorganism cells by adsorption on a new polystyrene-based ion-exchange fiber has been studied. Microorganism cells, such as yeasts, bacteria, and actinomycetes, were well adsorbed on the anion-exchange fibers through an electrostatic force. The adsorption capacity for the cells became much greater as the water-holding capacity of the fibers increased. The adsorption and desorption behavior of the cells was different between actinomycetes and yeasts, and also between strong and weak anionexchange fibers. The enzyme activities of the immobilized actinomycetes containing glucose isomerase and yeasts containing l-aminolactam hydrolase were ca. 70 and 60% of those of the native cells respectively. The stability of the immobilized yeasts in the hydrolysis of Dl-cyclic lysine anhydride was also investigated.
Optical and Magnetic Properties of (DBTTF)2(Cu2Cl6) and (DBTTF)2(Cu2Br6) Complexes
Authors: Tanaka Masashi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Optical reflection and magnetic susceptibility measurements of (DBTTF)2(Cu2Cl6) and (DBTTF)2(Cu2Br6) complexes were carried out. The analysis of the reflection spectra of the single crystals of these complexes shows that the electronic structure of DBTTF+ cation molecules is typical of the dimer type configuration. The magnetic susceptibilities of these complexes were measured over a temperature range of 2–300 K. The magnetic behavior conforms to a modified Bleaney-Bowers equation, indicating the existence of the spin coupling within the Cu2Cl62− or Cu2Br62− dimers and the antiferromagnetic spin interaction between Cu2Br62− dimers.
Formation of the N,N-Bidentate Chelates of 2-(2-Pyridylazo)phenolic Ligands with Nickel(II) in Nonaqueous Solvents
Authors: Kudo Yoshihiro , Yoshida Noboru , Fujimoto Masatoshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The formation of N,N-bidentate 1:2 complexes of nickel(II) with various N,N,O-terdentate 2-(2-pyridylazo)phenolic ligands was detected spectrophotometrically in ethyl acetate and was examined with respect to the influences of Brønsted bases, the counter anions in the nickel(II) salts employed, solvent basicity, and the steric requirements around the donor nitrogen atoms in the ligand in the 1:2 complex. It is concluded that the stability of the N,N-bidentate complex species in solutions predominantly depends on the basicity of the counter anions X in NiX2 and of the solvent. In the case of 1-(2-pyridylazo)-2-naphthol, owing to a high steric hindrance of the naphthalene ring, the formation of the N,N-bidentate complex was not observed even in the solvent of low basicity such as dioxane.
Condensations of 1,4-Cyclohexanediones and Secondary Aromatic Amines. II. N-Phenylation of Diarylamines
Authors: Haga Kazuo , Iwaya Katsumasa , Kaneko Ryohei 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The condensations of 1,4-cyclohexanedione with several diphenylamines were investigated in order to determine the limit of the utility of this reaction for the N-phenylation of aromatic secondary amines. 4-Methoxy-, 4,4′-dimethyl-, and 4,4′-dibromodiphenylamines produced their N-phenylated compounds in fairly good yields, but 4-hydroxy-, 3-methoxy-, and 4,4′-bis(dimethylamino)diphenylamines produced poor yields. Nitro-substituted diphenylamines gave N-phenyl derivatives in low yields along with N-4-hydroxyphenyl derivatives. N,N′-Diphenyl-p-phenylenediamine and N,N′-diphenylbenzidine gave corresponding tetra-N-phenyl diamines in good yields. The condensation of N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine, N-phenyl-2-naphthylamine, di-2-pyridylamine, phenothiazine, and carbazole with 1,4-cyclohexanedione were also examined.
(Z)- and (E)-4,4-Dimethyl-5-oxo-2-pentenoic Acids and Their Derivatives
Authors: Ito Kunio , Miyajima Shingo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
(Z)-4,4-Dimethyl-5-oxo-2-pentenoic acid (1) exists almost exclusively in the hydroxy lactone form, the tautomeric equilibrium constant (K=[Ring]/[Chain]) being 2.8×103 in water as estimated by the pKa method. Several examples are described of preference for ring forms of derivatives of 1, which are capable of exhibiting ring-chain tautomerism. (E)-4,4-Dimethyl-5-oxo-2-pentenoic acid (7) reacts with thionyl chloride to afford a trimeric chloro lactone, which on treatment with water or aniline gives the corresponding hydroxy or anilino lactone. Compound 1 or 7 reacts with a variety of phenylhydrazines to yield dihydropyrazole derivatives, except for 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine which on reaction with 1 gives a 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazino lactone.
Dynamic Ivestigation of Aqueous Solutions of 2-t-Butoxyethanol and 3-Methoxy-3-methyl-1-butanol by Ultrasonic Methods
Authors: Nishikawa Sadakatsu , Shinohara Ryutaro , Tanaka Goro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Ultrasonic absorption in the frequency range of 6.5 to 220 MHz has been measured in aqueous solutions of 3-methoxy-3-methyl-1-butanol and 2-t-butoxyethanol as a function of the concentration along with the measurement of sound velocity at 1.92 and 2.5 MHz at 25°C. A single relaxational ultrasonic absorption has been found in both solutions and it is interpreted by a reaction kinetics associated with the interaction between solute and solvent, AB \ightleftharpoons A+B where AB is the complex, A the solute and B the solvent. The forward and backward rate constants for the interaction have been determined from the concentration dependence of the relaxation frequencies to be kf=1.4×108 s−1 and kb=1.1×108 mol−1 dm3 s−1 for 3-methoxy-3-methyl-1-butanol solution and kf=9.0×107 s−1 and kb=1.3×108 mol−1 dm3 s−1 for 2-t-butoxyethanol solution. The water structure has also been estimated from the absorption data and it has been clarified for the water structure promoted by additions of such solutes. Correlations between the structures of the solutes and the ultrasonic properties of the solutions are discussed in terms of the hydrophobicity of the solutes.
Formation of NH(A3Π) by Electron-Impact Dissociation of Isothiocyanic Acid
Authors: Tokue Ikuo , Ito Yoshio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Emission spectra of the fragments of Isothiocyanic acid (HNCS) produced by electron impact were studied. The onset for formation of NH(A3Π) is 9.2±0.5 eV. On the basis of the excitation function of the NH(A–X) band, NH(A) is shown to be formed via a spinforbidden process HNCS→NH(A3Π)+CS(X3Σ+) near the onset. At higher energies, a spin-allowed process HNCS→NH(A)+CS(a3Π) seems to be predominant. The ratio of the formation rate of NH(c) to that of NH(A) is 0.18±0.03.
Electronic Spectra of Two Polymorphs of (5-Dimethylamino-2,4-pentadienylidene)dimethylammonium Perchlorate
Authors: Sano Norimichi , Tanaka Jiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Reflection spectra were measured on two polymorphs of (5-dimethylamino-2,4-pentadienylidene)dimethylammonium perchlorate in order to determine the origin of the J band. One polymorph exhibited two bands with different polarization characteristics; one of them is explained by the molecular-exciton (MX) band of a ππ* transition character and the other is an intermolecular charge-resonance (CR) band, the polarization being along the direction connecting the nitrogen atoms of the adjacent molecules. The other polymorph exhibited a quasi-metallic reflection due to the overlapping of the CR and MX bands.
Vibrational Correction for Methylamine and Determination of the Zero-Point Average Structure
Authors: Iijima Takao 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The method of vibrational corrections for a molecule which has a large amplitude intramolecular motion has been revised and applied to the determination of the zero-point average structure of methylamine. Necessity of torsional correction for this type of molecules has been pointed out and the method has been presented. A recent result of electron diffraction was jointly used with the effective moments of inertia obtained by microwave spectroscopy by Takagi and Kojima. The structural parameters in rz and \varphiz with the estimated limits of error in parentheses are: r(C–N)=1.471(3) Å, r(C–H)=1.101(3) Å, r(N–H)=1.019(6) Å, ∠HCH=108.4(5)°, ∠HNH=106.0(6)°, and ∠CNH=111.5(7)°. Deuterium isotope effects in the structural parameters were also determined.
Polymer-Supported Diaryl Selenoxide and Telluroxide as Mild and Selective Oxidizing Agents
Authors: Hu Nan Xing , Aso Yoshio , Otsubo Tetsuo , Ogura Fumio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Polystyrene-bound diaryl selenoxide and telluroxide have been prepared, which behaved as mild oxidizing agents for thiols to disulfides, phosphines to phosphine oxides, hydroquinone and catechol to p- and o-benzoquinones, and thioketones to oxo compounds. The telluroxide completed these reactions in shorter periods or under milder conditions than the selenoxide. In addition, they effected novel solvent-dependent reactions of thioamides involving thioureas to 1,2,4-thiadiazoles or to nitriles. In nonacidic solvents, the dehydrosulfurization to nitriles occurred in preference to the oxidative dimerization to 1,2,4-thiadiazoles, but an acidic solvent such as acetic acid promoted the latter reaction.
Electrocatalysis in Metal Hydride Electrode. II. Hydrogen Electrode Reaction and Related Properties of Group-IB Metal-Coated LaNi5 Electrodes
Authors: Machida Ken-ichi , Enyo Michio , Adachi Gin-ya , Sakaguchi Hiroki , Shiokawa Jiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Hydrogen storage type electrodes were fabricated from LaNi5 powder after coating with group-IB metals by an electroless plating method, followed by press moulding. The hydrogen electrode reaction (HER) characteristics and mechanical stability during hydrogen charge/discharge cycles were then studied in 1.0 M (M= mol dm−3) NaOH.
Synthesis of 3-Substituted Indoles by a Palladium-Assisted Reaction
Authors: Kasahara Akira , Izumi Taeko , Murakami Satoshi , Yanai Hiroshi , Takatori Masayuki 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
In the presence of palladium(II) chloride, 2-bromoanilines readily react with the methyl vinyl ketone and the ethyl acrylate to produce vinylogous arylamino ketones and esters. A palladium(0)-assisted cyclization of the arylamino ketones and the esters leads to a formation of 3-substituted indoles.
Application of Electron Spectroscopy for Chemical Analysis to Studies of the Composition of Icosanoic Acid Monolayer
Authors: Kobayashi Koichi , Takaoka Kyo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA) was used to determine the composition of icosanoic acid (n-C19H39COOH) monolayer deposited on the microscope glass slide from the water surface containing Cd2+ at varying pH. It was found that the monolayers deposited from substrate at pH&lt;4.6, pH&gt;6.6, and pH=4.6–6.6 consist of icosanoic acid, cadmium icosanoate, and mixture of both substances, respectively.
Influence of Higher Alcohols on Acid-Catalyzed Hydrolysis of Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate. Effect of Complex Formation
Authors: Nakagaki Masayuki , Yokoyama Shoko 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The order of effectiveness of 1-alkanols for increasing the rate of acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of sodium dodecyl sulfate is 1-dodecanol&gt;1-tetradecanol &gt;&gt; 1-decanol. The effect of 1-alkanols on this hydrolysis is discussed from the viewpoint of formation of complexes composed of SDS and 1-alkanol.
Spectrophotometric Determination of Nickel with Sarcosinexylenol Blue
Authors: Ueda Joichi , Fukazawa Yukiko , Koizumi Yuu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Sarcosinexylenol Blue (SXB) was synthesized and the possibility of using SXB as a spectrophotometric reagent was examined. The fundamental conditions for the photometric determination of nickel which gave relatively strong coloration with SXB were studied. The simultaneous determination of nickel and zinc was also studied.
Color Reaction among Pyrogallol Red, Thorium(IV) and Samarium(III), and Its Application to the Determination of These Metals
Authors: Mori Itsuo , Fujita Yoshikazu , Fujita Kinuko , Kitano Shoko , Ogawa Itsuko , Kawabe Hiroshi , Koshiyama Yozo , Tanaka Takeshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The color reactions between Pyrogallol Red(PR) and thorium(IV), and also those among PR, thorium(IV) and samarium(III) were studied. Simple and sensitive spectrophotometric determinations of these ions were newly carried out in the range for 1–22 μg/10 cm3 of thorium (IV) and 0.5–10 μg/10cm3 of samarium(III) at 635 nm by using the PR–Th–Sm ternary complex.
The Solvent-Mode Effect on the Resonance Raman Excitation Profiles of Lycopene
Authors: Saito Mineo , Mikami Yasushi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The solvent-induced broadening mechanisms are considered in the calculation of resonance Raman excitation profiles (RREP) for the ν1 and ν2 vibrational modes of lycopene. The broadening mechanisms are classified into two groups: Inhomogeneous broadening due to a distribution of the 0-0 transition energies and solvent-induced homogeneous broadening due to coupling with low-frequency solvent-solute interactions. The conventional sum-over-states formula for RREP is transformed to a formally equivalent expression in the time domain. The results show that the homogeneous broadening dominates the RREP of lycopene.
Selective Preparation of Fluorene Derivatives Using the t-Butyl Function as a Positional Protective Group
Authors: Kajigaeshi Shoji , Kadowaki Toshiya , Nishida Akiko , Fujisaki Shizuo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Several 4-substituted 2,7-di-t-butylfluorene derivatives (3) were prepared by electrophilic substitutions of 2,7-di-t-butylfluorene (1). 4-Substituted fluorene (4), such as 4-bromo- (4a), 4-methyl (4e), and 4-acetylaminofluorene (4j), were obtained by the trans-t-butylations of 3. Although we attempted to synthesize 1,8-disubstituted fluorene from 3,6-di-t-butylfluorene (2) which was derived from 2,2′-diiodo-4,4′-di-t-butyldiphenylmethane (5), by the same methods, we obtained only 2,7-disubstituted fluorene derivatives (8); it turned out electrophilic substitutions of 2 gave 2,7-disubstituted 3,6-di-t-butylfluorene derivatives.
The Independent Electrochemical Detection of H2O2 and O2 in Aqueous Alkaline Solutions on an Alkylsilanized Gold Electrode
Authors: Fujihira Masamichi , Muraki Hiroji , Aoyagui Shigeru 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The cyclic voltammetric studies of H2O2 and O2 in aqueous alkaline solutions were carried out on stationary gold electrodes unmodified and modified chemically with dodecyltriethoxysilane. Although two cathodic waves were observed for both H2O2 and O2 on the unmodified electrode, only the second wave was observed for H2O2 on the modified electrode. Since the first cathodic wave of H2O2 overlaps that of O2 on the unmodified electrode, the disappearance of the first wave of H2O2 makes it possible to distinguish O2 from H2O2 on the modified electrode. The effect of alkylsilanization on the diminution and evolution of H2O2 or O2 on gold electrodes was also confirmed by employing rotating ring-disk gold electrodes unmodified and modified similarly with dodecyltriethoxysilane. Furthermore, the reduction mechanism of H2O2 and the application of the independent electrochemical detection of H2O2 and O2 are discussed.
The Crystal and Molecular Structures of 4-Ethyl-3,5-bis(phenylimino)-1,2,4-dithiazolidine and 2-Ethyl-4-phenyl-5-phenylimino-1,2,4-thiadiazolidin-3-thione
Authors: Kuriyama Mineo , Yasuoka Noritake , Kasai Nobutami , Komatsu Mitsuo , Ohshiro Yoshiki , Agawa Toshio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The molecular structures of title compounds, two of the three isomeric products in the reaction of 2-ethyl-3-phenyloxaziridine with phenyl isothiocyanate, have been determined by means of X-ray diffraction. 4-Ethyl-3,5-bis(phenylimino)-1,2,4-dithiazolidine (6b), orthorhombic, space group Pcab, a=27.171(1), b=10.213(2), c=11.421(1) Å, Z=8; 2-Ethyl-4-phenyl-5-phenylimino-1,2,4-thiadiazolidin-3-thione (8b), monoclinic, space group P21⁄n, a=9.278(1), b=27.525(3), c=5.826(1) Å, β=92.74(1)°, Z=4. Both structures were solved by the heavy atom method, and refined anisotropically by the block-diagonal least-squares procedure (R=0.066 and 0.060, respectively). The results corrected the reaction scheme proposed for the reaction of N-alkyloxaziridine with phenyl isothiacyanate.
Photochemistry of Epoxynaphthoquinones. 8. Endo-Stereoselective Photocycloaddition of 2,3-Epoxy-2,3-dihydro-2,3-dimethyl-1,4-naphthoquinone to Olefins Containing Amide Group
Authors: Maruyama Kazuhiro , Osuka Atsuhiro , Nakagawa Katsuhiko 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Irradiation of a benzene solution of 2,3-epoxy-2,3-dihydro-2,3-dimethyl-1,4-naphthoquinone with olefins containing amide group, i.e., N-substituted acrylamides and N-allylcarboxamides predominantly gave the endo-cycloadducts. Upon further irradiation, the cycloadducts underwent photorearrangement to give spirophthalides and alkylidenephthalides.
Reactions of 2,4,6-Tri-t-butylphenyllithium with Deuterated Formate, Thioformate, and Selenoformate
Authors: Ishii Akihiko , Okazaki Renji , Inamoto Naoki 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
O-Cholesteryl chalcogenoformates-d, DC(=X)(OR) (2: X=O; 3: X=S; 4: X=Se; R=3β-cholesteryl), were synthesized and allowed to react with 2,4,6-tri-t-butylphenyllithium. 1,3,5-Tri-t-butylbenzene was a main product in each reaction. The other products were 2,4,6-tri-t-butylbenzaldehyde-d (9) for 2, 2,4,6-tri-t-butylthiobenzaldehyde-d for 3, and 9, 6,8-di-t-butyl-1-deuterio-3,4-dihydro-4,4-dimethyl-1H-2-benzoselenin, bis(2,4,6-tri-t-butyl-α-deuteriobenzyl) diselenide, and bis(2,4,6-tri-t-butyl-α-deuteriobenzyl) triselenide for 4. The mechanisms for these reactions have been discussed.
Multinuclear Solid-State NMR Study of Dehydration of Na–Y Type Zeolites
Authors: Hayashi Shigenobu , Hayamizu Kikuko , Yamamoto Osamu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
High-resolution solid-state NMR spectra of 23Na, 27Al, and 29Si nuclei were measured for dehydrated Na–Y type zeolites as well as undehydrated and rehydrated samples using magic angle sample spinning technique. 1H NMR spectra, X-ray diffraction patterns, and thermal properties were measured as well. 23Na NMR results indicate that there are three types of Na sites with different symmetries in the faujasite framework; two types with high and slightly low symmetries are detected by NMR, while the third cannot because of its very low symmetry. Na ions in high-symmetry sites are moved into slightly-low and very-low-symmetry sites by the dehydration. On the other hand, the Na ions in the amorphous region are located in low and very-low-symmetry sites. 27Al and 29Si NMR lines are broadened by the dehydration, due to the distortion of AlO4 tetrahedra and the interaction with 27Al nuclei, respectively. The 29Si spin-lattice relaxation time becomes longer by the dehydration, which indicates that water molecules play some role in the relaxation.
Syntheses and Some Reactions of 4H-Cyclohepta[4,5]pyrrolo[1,2-α]pyrimidin-4-ones
Authors: Abe Noritaka 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The reaction of 2-aminocyclohepta[b]pyrroles with ethyl acetoacetate in phoshoryl chloride–polyphosphoric acid gives 2-methyl-4H-cyclohepta[4,5]pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-ones. A ring closure of diethyl N-(cyclohepta[b]pyrrol-2-yl)aminomethylenemalonates gives 4-oxo-4H-cyclohepta[4,5]pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrimidine-3-carboxylates (2) in phosphoryl chloride–polyphosphoric acid or in hot t-butylbenzene, which are deesterified by the treatment with hot hydrobromic acid. Compounds 2 undergo replacement reactions towards some electrophiles at positions C-3, C-11, and C-7 (in that order).
Novel Type of the Favorskii Rearrangement Combined with Aldol Reaction Leading to γ-Butyrolactone Derivatives
Authors: Sakai Takashi , Yamawaki Akitoshi , Katayama Tsuyoshi , Okada Hiroshi , Utaka Masanori , Takeda Akira 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Reaction of Aromatic aldehydes or hetero-aromatic aldehydes with 3-chloro-3-methyl-2-butanone in ethanolic KOH at room temperature gave 3,3-dimethyl-5-aryltetrahydro-2-furanone as a major product. The reaction can be tentatively explained by the combination of Favorskii rearrangement and aldol reaction.
Reaction of Aromatic Acyl Chlorides with Potassium or Sodium Cyanide Impregnated onto Amberlite XAD Resins. Efficient Synthesis of Aromatic Acyl Cyanides
Authors: Sukata Kazuaki 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The effects of alkali metal cyanide impregnated on Amberlite XAD resins (KCN/XAD, NaCN/XAD) have been examined using the cyanation of benzoyl chloride. In benzene, benzoyl cyanide was obtained in a very high yield with high selectivity under mild conditions. It is proposed that the reaction occurs on the surface of the resin. On the basis of the result obtained in the absence of any solvent, the reactivity of KCN/XAD toward dimerization of benzoyl cyanide has been found to be much poorer than that of KCN in solution. Although the reaction of acyl chlorides with KCN/XAD or NaCN/XAD in benzene gave various acyl cyanides in good to excellent yields, no aliphatic acyl cyanide could be obtained.
Hydrothermal Growth of Calcite Single Crystal in NaCl Solution
Authors: Hirano Shin-ichi , Kikuta K\={o}-ichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The hydrothermal synthesis of calcite single crystal was studied by using a NaCl solution as a mineralizer. The solubility of calcite in a 3 mol kg−1 NaCl solution was measured by a weight-loss technique to be around 2 g l−1 at 500 °C and 100 MPa. An optically clear rhombohedral crystal of up to 1.0 mm could be grown in a hydrothermal NaCl solution. The growth of a homogeneous layer of calcite could be observed on the calcite seed at 400 °C.