bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of a novel SPG3A deletion in a French‐Canadian family
Authors: Meijer Inge A. , Dion Patrick , Laurent Sandra , Dupré Nicolas , Brais Bernard , Levert Annie , Puymirat Jacques , Rioux Marie France , Sylvain Michel , Zhu Peng‐Peng , Soderblom Cynthia , Stadler Julia , Blackstone Craig , Rouleau Guy A. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractHereditary spastic paraplegias (HSPs) are characterized by progressive lower limb spasticity and weakness. Mutations in the SPG3A gene, which encodes the large guanosine triphosphatase atlastin, are the second most common cause of autosomal dominant hereditary spastic paraplegia. In a large SPG3A screen of 70 hereditary spastic paraplegia subjects, a novel in‐frame deletion, p.del436N, was identified. Characterization of this deletion showed that it affects neither the guanosine triphosphatase activity of atlastin nor interactions between atlastin and spastin. Interestingly, immunoblot analysis of lymphoblasts from affected patients demonstrated a significant reduction in atlastin protein levels, supporting a loss‐of‐function disease mechanism. Ann Neurol 2007
Estradiol attenuates hyperoxia‐induced cell death in the developing white matter
Authors: Gerstner Bettina , Sifringer Marco , Dzietko Mark , Schüller Alexandra , Lee Joan , Simons Sinno , Obladen Michael , Volpe Joseph J. , Rosenberg Paul A. , Felderhoff‐Mueser Ursula 
Published: April 2007

AbstractObjectivePeriventricular leukomalacia is the predominant type of brain injury in preterm infants underlying the development of cerebral palsy. Periventricular leukomalacia has its peak incidence at 23 to 32 weeks postconceptional age characterized by extensive oligodendrocyte migration and maturation. Oxygen toxicity has been identified as a possible contributing factor to the pathogenesis of cerebral palsy in survivors of preterm birth. 17β‐estradiol (E2) is important for the development and function of the central nervous system. Furthermore, neuroprotective properties have been attributed to estrogens. We examined the effect of E2 on hyperoxia‐induced cell death in the developing white matter in the rat brain.MethodsSix‐day‐old (P6) rat pups, the immature oligodendroglial cell line (OLN‐93), and primary oligodendrocyte cultures were subjected to 80% O2 in the presence or absence of E2 (600μg/kg intraperitoneally in vivo, 10−6–10−10M in vitro). Cell counts and lactate dehydrogenase assay were used to assess cell survival. Immunoblot analysis was used for detection of estrogen receptor expression and investigation of apoptotic signaling pathways. White matter injury was assessed by myelin basic protein immunocytochemistry at P11.ResultsE2 produced significant dose‐dependent protection against oxygen‐induced apoptotic cell death in primary oligodendrocytes. Treatment with E2 prevented hyperoxia‐induced proapoptotic Fas‐upregulation and caspase‐3 activation. Finally, E2 antagonized hyperoxia‐induced inactivation of extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 1 and 2 and Akt, key kinases of the mitogen‐activated protein kinase and phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase cell survival promoting pathways, respectively. Loss of myelin basic protein labeling was seen in P11 pups after oxygen exposure, and E2 attenuated this injury.InterpretationThese results suggest a possible role for estrogens in the prevention of neonatal oxygen‐induced white matter injury. Ann Neurol 2007
Katalytische carbophile Aktivierung: Platin‐ und Gold‐π‐Säuren als Katalysatoren
Authors: Fürstner Alois , Davies Paul W. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractPlatin‐ und Goldkatalysatoren gewinnen aufgrund ihrer hohen Effizienz und erstaunlichen Vielfalt für atomökonomische Umsetzungen rasch an Bedeutung. Dabei erlaubt es die Korrelation zwischen ihrem chemischen Verhalten und den vorhandenen Strukturdaten, der bekannten Koordinationschemie und den auf relativistischen Effekten beruhenden Besonderheiten ihrer metallorganischen Derivate, grundlegende Prinzipien der katalytischen carbophilen Aktivierung durch π‐Säuren zu formulieren. Platin‐ und Goldkomplexe sind keinesfalls nur ein umweltfreundlicher Ersatz für stöchiometrische π‐Säuren, sondern sie erweitern das klassische Reaktivitätsspektrum signifikant. Die in der Literatur geläufigen, aber scheinbar widersprüchlichen Erklärungen ihres Verhaltens auf Basis von Metallcarbenen oder metallstabilisierten, “nichtklassischen” Carbokationen als reaktiven Zwischenstufen liefern bei genauer Betrachtung eine vereinheitlichte Grundlage für das Verständnis dieses faszinierenden Gebiets. Hier gilt das Hauptaugenmerk der Verbesserung bekannter sowie der Entwicklung neuer Kupplungs‐, Cycloisomerisierungs‐ und Gerüstumlagerungsreaktionen. Auch der Einsatz Platin‐ und goldkatalysierter Transformationen in Naturstoffsynthesen wird diskutiert.
On the medicinal chemistry of ferrocene
Authors: Fouda Mohammad F. R. , Abd‐Elzaher Mokhles M. , Abdelsamaia Rafeek A. , Labib Ammar A. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractOrganometallic chemistry and biochemistry have been merged in the last two decades into a new field: bioorganometallic chemistry. This new research area was devoted to the synthesis of new organometallic compounds and their biological and medical effects against some types of diseases, such as cancer and malaria. For several years, the use of ferrocene in bioorganometallic chemistry has been growing rapidly, and several promising applications have been developed since ferrocene is a stable, nontoxic compound and has good redox properties. This review will focus on ferrocenyl compounds which have been biologically evaluated against certain diseases. This area has attracted many researchers due to the promising results of some ferrocene compounds in the medicinal applications. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ionic 1,2,5‐oxonia‐ and zwitterionic 1,2,5‐oxasilaboratole derivatives. Synthesis and molecular structures
Authors: Wrackmeyer Bernd , Kupcik Tomas , Tok Oleg L. , Shahid Khadija , Kempe Rhett 
Published: April 2007

AbstractAlkenes bearing a chlorosilyl and a diethylboryl group in cis‐positions at the CC bond together with a dimethylaminomethyl group in geminal position to the silyl group were subjected to hydrolysis (a) and alcoholysis [ROH: R = Me (b), Et (c), iPr (d)]. In the case of the alkene 1 containing a chloro(dimethyl)silyl group, novel ammonium salts 3a–d were isolated as 2,5‐dihydro‐1,2,5‐oxoniaboratole derivatives. In contrast, the alkene 2, containing a chloro(methyl)silyl group, did not give defined products under the same reaction conditions. In the presence of traces of water in diethylamine, 2 reacted at the SiH and SiCl bonds to give a zwitterionic disiloxane 4, a 2,5‐dihydro‐1,2,5‐oxasilaboratole derivative. The new compounds were characterized in solution by 1H, 11B, 13C and 29Si NMR spectroscopy, and for two examples (3a and 4) by X‐ray structure analysis in the solid state. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Three‐step synthesis of arylpolyboronic acids from phenols via organotin compounds
Authors: Fidelibus Pablo M. , Silbestri Gustavo F. , Lockhart María T. , Mandolesi Sandra D. , Chopa Alicia B. , Podestá Julio C. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractIn this paper we describe a three‐step synthesis of aryldi‐ and triboronic acids starting from phenols. Several substituted phenols (I) were converted into the corresponding aryldiethylphosphates (II) in good to excellent yields. The latter, on reaction with sodium trimethylstannide in liquid ammonia, under irradiation, afforded the aryl‐ and heteroarylpoly(trimethylstannyl) derivatives in 65–90% yield. The third step is the reaction of the organotin compounds with borane in THF, which leads to the corresponding arylpolyboronic acids in around 80% yield. In order to confirm their structure, some of the diboronic acids were converted into the corresponding pinacol esters. The results obtained in a study on the synthesis of various terphenyls through double and triple Suzuki couplings catalyzed by palladium acetate between the obtained arylpolyboronic acids and various aryl halides are also reported. These reactions proceeded with an average 65% yield, and also enabled us to confirm the structures of some of the diboronic acids. The structure of the new compounds was determined by 1H, 13C and 119Sn NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and IR spectroscopy. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Social discounting and delay discounting
Authors: Rachlin Howard , Jones Bryan A. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractSocial discounting was measured as the amount of money a participant was willing to forgo to give a fixed amount (usually $75) to another person. In the first experiment, amount forgone was a hyperbolic function of the social distance between the giver and receiver. In the second experiment, degree of social discounting was an increasing function of reward magnitude whereas degree of delay discounting was a decreasing function of reward magnitude. In the third experiment, the shape of the function relating delayed rewards to equally valued immediate rewards for another person was predicted from individual delay and social discount functions. All in all, the studies show that the social discount function, like delay and probability discount functions, is hyperbolic in form. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Magnetic‐field‐induced vertigo: A theoretical and experimental investigation
Authors: Glover P.M. , Cavin I. , Qian W. , Bowtell R. , Gowland P.A. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractVertigo‐like sensations or apparent perception of movement are reported by some subjects and operators in and around high field whole body magnetic resonance body scanners. Induced currents (which modulate the firing rate of the vestibular hair cell), magneto‐hydrodynamics (MDH), and tissue magnetic susceptibility differences have all been proposed as possible mechanisms for this effect. In this article, we examine the theory underlying each of these mechanisms and explore resulting predictions. Experimental evidence is summarised in the following findings: 30% of subjects display a postural sway response at a field‐gradient product of 1 T2m−1; a determining factor for experience of vertigo is the total unipolar integrated field change over a period greater than 1 s; the perception of dizziness is not necessarily related to a high value of the rate of change of magnetic field; eight of ten subjects reported sensations ranging from mild to severe when exposed to a magnetic field change of the order of 4.7 T in 1.9 s; no subjects reported any response when exposed to 50 ms pulses of dB/dtof 2 Ts−1amplitude. The experimental evidence supports the hypothesis that magnetic‐field related vertigo results from both magnetic susceptibility differences between vestibular organs and surrounding fluid, and induced currents acting on the vestibular hair cells. Both mechanisms are consistent with theoretical predictions. Bioelectromagnetics 28:349–361, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Development of a parent training program for children with pervasive developmental disorders
Authors: Johnson Cynthia R. , Handen Benjamin L. , Butter Eric , Wagner Ann , Mulick James , Sukhodolsky Denis G. , Williams Susan , Swiezy Naomi A. , Arnold L. Eugene , Aman Michael G. , Scahill Lawrence , Stigler Kimberly A. , McDougle Christopher J. , Vitiello Benedetto , Smith Tristram 
Published: April 2007

AbstractParent delivered interventions based on applied behavior analysis (ABA) for children with Pervasive Developmental Disorders (PDDs) have been evaluated using primarily single‐subject design methodology or small case series. While the results of these evaluations are encouraging, an important next step is to standardize the interventions to allow for replication across sites, in studies with large samples and measures of long‐term, clinically meaningful outcomes such as improvements in children's functioning and their relationships with parents. Accordingly, the Research Units on Pediatric Psychopharmacology and Psychosocial Interventions (RUPP Autism Network) assembled a detailed manual for a structured behavioral parent training (PT) program, developed treatment fidelity and training procedures, and conducted a pilot, feasibility study. The PT program is part of a large scale, multisite study intended to determine the efficacy of combined pharmacological treatment and behavioral intervention to improve behavior and adaptive functioning in children with PDD. This paper discusses the rationale for this project. A companion paper provides the results of our feasibility study on the PT program. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Die Fossilgeschichte des Menschen: Vom Homo antecessor bis zum Homo sapiens (Teil 2)
Authors: Welsch Ulrich 
Published: April 2007

AbstractIn den vergangenen Jahrzehnten wurden mehr relevante Fossilfunde gemacht als in den gut 100 Jahren zuvor, so dass die Grundzüge der Evolution des Menschen mittlerweile recht gut bekannt sind. Dennoch gibt es bei der Interpretation der Funde große Unterschiede. Dieser zweite Teil des Überblicks über die Fossilgeschichte des Menschen befasst sich mit den frühesten Funden der Gattung Homo in Europa, mit Homo heidelbergensis und dem Neandertaler sowie mit dem Siegeszug des Homo sapiens. Die Gehirnentwicklung war dabei vermutlich entscheidend: Das spezifisch Menschliche in Bezug auf das Gehirn scheint sowohl im Quantitativen als auch in seiner extremen Komplexität zu liegen.
Killertoxine aus Hefen: Nützliche Proteine mit furchterregendem Namen
Authors: Breinig Frank , Schmitt Manfred 
Published: April 2007

AbstractSeit der Erstbeschreibung des Killerphänomens in Hefe vor fast 45 Jahren hat die intensive Erforschung seiner genetischen Grundlagen sowie von Struktur, Synthese und Sekretion der Killertoxine sehr viel zum Verständnis essenzieller Zellmechanismen und ‐funktionen beigetragen. Darüber hinaus lieferte die Analyse der rezeptorvermittelten Toxinwirkung wertvolle Hinweise auf die molekulare Struktur und die Synthese der Zellwände von Pilzen, was zur Entwicklung neuer Wirkstoffe gegen Pilzinfektionen des Menschen wichtig war. Über die Grundlagenforschung hinaus besitzen Killerhefen, Killertoxine und Killerviren ein wachsendes Potenzial für künftige Anwendungsfelder in Biotechnologie und Biomedizin.
Genomic Imprinting in Säugetieren: Das epigenetische Gedächtnis
Authors: Paulsen Martina 
Published: April 2007

AbstractElterliche Prägung ist ein prominentes Beispiel epigenetischer Genregulation, bei der aufgrund unterschiedlicher Chromatinstrukturen in einer Zelle unter gleichen physiologischen Bedingungen ein Allel eines Gens abgelesen und das andere stillgelegt wird. Elterlich geprägte Gene zeigen, dass epigenetische Informationen einerseits reversibel sind, andererseits stabil von den Eltern auf die Nachkommen vererbt werden. Diese Ambivalenz verleiht der Epigenetik gegenüber sequenzbasierender Vererbung eine besondere Flexibilität und eröffnet gleichzeitig einen Weg für geschlechtsspezifische, autosomale Vererbungsmechanismen außerhalb der Geschlechtschromosomen.
Drosophila zum 100. Laborjubiläum: Einfache Versuche zu Entwicklung und Verhalten
Authors: Schwarzmaier Walter 
Published: April 2007

AbstractSeit rund 100 Jahren ist Drosophila aus den Laboratorien nicht mehr als Versuchstier wegzudenken. In vielen Schulen werden die kleinen Tiere gehalten, um genetische Experimente durchzuführen. Doch Drosophila kann mehr: Die Fliegen eignen sich auch hervorragend, um Entwicklung und Verhalten von holometabolen Insekten zu untersuchen.
Trichomonas vaginalis: Einzeller mit mehr Genen als der Mensch
Authors: Brennicke Axel 
Published: April 2007

AbstractUngefähr 170 Millionen Menschen stecken sich jährlich mit Trichomoniasis an. Diese Krankheit wird durch sexuelle Übertragung des einzelligen Eukaryoten Trichomonas vaginalis hervorgerufen. Trichomonas vaginalis hat keine Mitochondrien, sondern Wasserstoff bildende Hydrogenosomen. Die jetzt bestimmte Genomsequenz dieses Organismus liefert nicht nur interessante Einsichten in die Evolution, sondern eröffnet auch mögliche Ansätze für neue Therapien.
Auf Schnuppertour unter Wasser
Authors: Wendler Silke 
Published: April 2007

AbstractVon Säugetieren wurde angenommen, dass sie unter Wasser ihren Geruchssinn nicht einsetzen können. Kürzlich veröffentlichte Ergebnisse geben einen Einblick in die erstaunlichen Fähigkeiten des Sternmulls Condylura cristata und der Wasserspitzmaus Sorex palustris. Diese blähen unter Wasser kleine Luftblasen vor der Nase auf und atmen diese wieder ein. Dabei nimmt die Luftblase Duftmoleküle aus der Umgebung auf und vermittelt dem Tier olfaktorische Hinweise auf Nahrungsquellen.
TNFα‐Blocker: Ursache schwerer Nebenwirkungen geklärt
Authors: Schultze Joachim L. , Popov Alexey , Driesen Julia 
Published: April 2007

AbstractEine Therapie mit Tumor‐Nekrose‐Faktor‐alpha (TNFα‐Blockern führt in der Regel zu einer wesentlichen Verbesserung der Krankheitssymptome bei Patienten mit Rheumatoider Arthritis (RA). Die mit dieser entzündlichen Gelenkerkrankung verbundenen Schmerzen werden gelindert und die Beweglichkeit der betroffenen Gelenke steigt. Allerdings birgt die Therapie Risiken. In den vergangenen Jahren stellte sich heraus, dass unter Therapie mit TNFα‐Blockern bestimmte Infektionskrankheiten zum Ausbruch kommen, die dann lebensgefährlich verlaufen können. Mit Hilfe genomischer und funktioneller Untersuchungen wurde nun die Ursache für diese Nebenwirkungen entdeckt.
Geburtsvorgang: Gehirn auf Sparflamme durch Oxytocin
Authors: Hille‐Rehfeld Annette 
Published: April 2007

AbstractDie Geburt ist für Mutter und Kind ein extrem anstrengender Prozess, bei dem die Sauerstoffversorgung des Fötus sichergestellt sein muss, um bleibende Schäden am Gehirn zu vermeiden. Das mütterliche Hormon Oxytocin sorgt bei Ratten wenige Stunden vor der Geburt dafür, dass das Gehirn des Fötus seine Erregbarkeit und damit den Sauerstoffbedarf vorübergehend drosselt.
Kenia: Seegras als Nutzpflanze
Authors: Charles Muthama , Kronberg Inge 
Published: April 2007

Abstract“Mtimbi” nennen die Kenianer eine Speise, die sie aus Seegraswurzeln zubereiten. Auch Flechtmatten und Hüte lassen sich aus Seegras herstellen. Solche traditionelle Nutzung war einst weltweit üblich, auch in Deutschland wurde Seegras als Polstermaterial und Düngemittel verwendet. Heute werden solche Anwendungen wieder interessant, da an den Touristenstränden der Strandanwurf aus Seegras entsorgt werden muss. Seegraswiesen sind eine bedeutende Kinderstube für Fische und andere Meerestiere, ihr Wurzelgeflecht stabilisiert den Meeresboden. Die Seegrasflächen gehen vielerorts besorgniserregend zurück. In Kenia wird dafür die unkontrollierte Zunahme von Seeigeln verantwortlich gemacht.
Chirality Induction and Protonation‐Induced Molecular Motions in Helical Molecular Strands
Authors: Kolomiets Elena , Berl Volker , Lehn Jean‐Marie 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe long oligopyridinedicarboxamide strand9, containing 15 heterocyclic rings has been synthesized and its helical structure determined by X‐ray crystallography. It was shown that the shorter analogue6displays induced circular dichroism and amplification of induced chirality upon dissolution in an optically active solvent, diethyl‐L‐tartrate. A novel class of helical foldamers was prepared, strands14–16, based on two oligopyridine carboxamide segments linked through aL‐tartaric acid derived spacer. These tartro strands display internal chirality induction as well as chirality amplification. NMR spectroscopy (on8and9) and circular dichroism (on16) studies show that the oligopyridine carboxamide strands undergo reversible unfolding/folding upon protonation. The protonation‐induced unfolding has been confirmed by X‐ray crystallographic determination of the molecular structure of the extended protonated heptameric form8+. The molecular‐scale mechano‐chemical motions of the protonation‐induced structural switching consist of a change of the length of the molecule, from 6 Å (6, coiled form) to 29 Å (8+, uncoiled form) for the heptamer and from 12.5 Å (9, coiled form, X‐ray structure) to 57 Å (9+, uncoiled form, from modeling) for the pentadecamer. Similar unfolding/folding motional processes take place in theL‐tartro strands15and16upon protonation/deprotonation, with loss of helicity‐induced circular dichroism on unfolding as shown for the protonated form16+.
Synthesis of Molecular Motors Incorporating para‐Phenylene‐Conjugated or Bicyclo[2.2.2]octane‐Insulated Electroactive Groups
Authors: Vives Guillaume , Gonzalez Alexandre , Jaud Joël , Launay Jean‐Pierre , Rapenne Gwénaël 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe insulating role of the bicyclo[2.2.2]octane fragment has been theoretically evaluated by comparing the electronic coupling parameter (Vab) in 1,4‐bis(ferrocenyl)benzene (1) and 1,4‐bis(ferrocenyl)bicyclo[2.2.2]octane (2). The geometries were optimized by DFT and an extended Hückel calculation was performed to evaluate Vab by the dimer splitting method. The calculations showed a 12‐fold decrease of the electronic coupling from 60 meV for 1 to 5 meV for 2. The second part describes the synthesis of two potential molecular motors with one incorporating the insulating bicyclo[2.2.2]octane fragment. These molecules are based on a ruthenium complex bearing a tripodal stator functionalized to be anchored onto surfaces. The ferrocenyl electroactive groups and the cyclopentadienyl (Cp) rotor are connected through a p‐phenylene spacer (5) or through a spacer incorporating an insulating bicyclo[2.2.2]octane moiety (6).
Towards a 32‐Electron Principle: Pu@Pb12 and Related Systems.
Authors: Dognon Jean‐Pierre , Clavaguera Carine , Pyykkoe Pekka 
Published: April 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Thermodynamic Stability of Boron: The Role of Defects and Zero Point Motion
Authors: van Setten Michiel J. , Uijttewaal Matthe A. , de Wijs Gilles A. , de Groot Robert A. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
New Arsenides with ThCr2Si2‐Type or Related Structures: The Compounds ARh2As2 (A: Eu, Sr, Ba) and BaZn2As2.
Authors: Hellmann Andrea , Loehken Anke , Wurth Andreas , Mewis Albrecht 
Published: April 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Structural Investigations and Thermal Behavior of Mercury(II) Sulfito Complexes.
Authors: Weil Matthias , Breitinger Dietrich K. , Liehr Guenther , Zuerbig Juergen 
Published: April 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Electrochemical Properties of Ag2V4O11 and AgVO3 1‐D Nano/Microstructures.
Authors: Zhang Shaoyan , Li Weiyang , Li Chunsheng , Chen Jun 
Published: April 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Structure, Ionic Conduction and Dielectric Relaxation in a Novel Fast Ion Conductor, Na2Cd(SO4)2.
Authors: Swain Diptikanta , Row Tayur N. Guru 
Published: April 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.