bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Continuous measurements of skin surface oxygen and carbon dioxide tensions in obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Rowe Lee D. , Hansen Thomas N. , Nielson Dennis , Tooley William H. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractWe have found that skin surface electrodes for continuously measuring oxygen (PHO2) and carbon dioxide (PBCO2) tensions provide reliable means of determining whether infants with apnea due to airway obstruction during sleep require treatment.Nine patients referred for evaluation of aqnea during sleep were studied. In 6 patients with PHO2less than 50 torr during sleep, the hypoxic episodes were clearly associated with partial or total airway occlusion as judged by increasing respiratory effort without concomitant airflow. PsCO2was found to increase during the episodes of obstruction in all 6 patients. These patients were treated with 1. tracheotomy, 2. tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy in 2 patients, 3. bilateral mandibular condylotomies, 4. pharyngeal flap release, and 5. discontinuing topical nasal decongestants. After treatment, all had decreased hypoxia, hypercarbia, or airway obstruction. Two of the remaining 3 patients had no alterations of PHO2or PHCO2associated with airway obstruction during sleep. The third exhibited hypoxia and hypercarbia secondary to central apnea.We conclude, therefore, that continuous monitoring of skin surface oxygen and carbon dioxide tensions is useful in evaluating children with obstructive sleep apnea.
Intracranial complications of frontal sinusitis
Authors: Remmler Daniel , Boles Roger 
Published: October 2006

AbstractFrontal sinus infections can spread to the intracranial space so fast that the clinical situation often becomes far advanced before a complication is recognized. Retrograde septic thrombophlebitis is the most common pathway of extension. A review of recent experiences with fulminating frontal sinusitis and its intracranial complications such as subdural empyema, brain abscess, epidural abscess, and meningitis is presented. Neurologic features of intracranial invasion are interpreted. Good results have been achieved by immediate and aggressive surgical and medical measures.
Comparative method for the study of structural damage in acoustic trauma
Authors: Voldřich Luboš , Úlehlová Libuše 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe traumatic dose 50 (TD50), similar to the lethal dose (LD50) widely used in pharmacology, was determined in guinea pigs for varying intensities and varying durations of exposure to a band of noise.The method proposed permits the comparison of results in studies of acoustic trauma caused by noises of various characteristics in different species of experimental animals.
Guest of honor's address. Continuing medical education: Who needs it?
Authors: Lathrop Frank D. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractContinuing medical education is rapidly growing. During the four‐year period between 1974‐75 and 1978‐79, the number of continuing medical education courses in otolaryngology increased 136%. It has become a mandatory requirement for membership in 19 state medical societies and is also a mandatory requirement for relicensure in 12 states. Although voluntary continuing medical education has proved to be satisfactory in maintaining a physician's competency in the past, the present trend is toward mandatory continuing medical education in order to ensure better health care for the public. Methods of obtaining continuing medical education are discussed and suggestions made as to how these could be improved.
Management of nasal septal abscess
Authors: Ambrus Peter S. , Eavey Roland D. , Baker Ann Sullivan , Wilson William R. , Kelly James H. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractNasal septal abscesses are uncommon. Sixteen cases from the Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary were reviewed retrospectively and are presented. The diagnosis, bacteriology, and pathophysiology are discussed. Immediate therapy is indicated to avoid cosmetic deformity or intracranial infection. Treatment is based on diagnostic needle aspiration, antibiotic coverage and surgical drainage.
Hearing impairment associated with chronic renal failure
Authors: Kligerman A. Barbara , Solangi Karim B. , Ventry Ira M. , Goodman Alvin I. , Weseley Stephen A. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe auditory sensitivity of 67 patients with chronic end‐stage renal failure was assessed. In order to determine the incidence of hearing loss and to describe the impairment and possible contributing factors, one group of 39 patients was assessed prior to treatment by hemodialysis. Twelve of these subjects were then followed for 1 year as they are treated by hemodialysis. The reMayning 27 patients, not treated by hemodialysis, were also retested in one year. A second group of 28 patients who had been receiving hemodialysis over periods of 1 1/2, 3, and 6 years was also evaluated. A high incidence of high‐frequency impairment was obtained which could not be attributed to age, noise exposure, ototoxicity, or hereditary. An association between this high‐frequency impairment and both the renal disease and its treatment was suggested. Clinically significant sensorineural hearing loss did not appear associated with non‐genetic kidney disease.
Carotid vascular pain — A simple treatment
Authors: Nair Krishnan K. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractCarotid vascular pain has been misdiagnosed in the past as various other conditions. Various etiologies have been assigned to it without clinical or experimental evidence. Haphazard treatment using ganglion‐blockers, nicotinic acid, allergy hyposensitization and steroids have been instituted based on imaginary causes of the problem.This paper intends to show that there is no known cause for carotid pain. A simple, effective, safe and inexpensive form of treatment is presented; namely, explaining the problem to the patient, allaying their apprehension and using aspirin in a more scientific fashion. A three‐year follow‐up is presented.
The effects of age, sex, hearing loss and water temperature on caloric nystagmus
Authors: Karlsen Elizabeth A. , Hassanein Ruth M. , Goetzinger C. P. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractSeventy five subjects ranging in age from 18 to 87 years received warm and cool caloric irrigations. Nystagmus was recorded and latency, duration, amplitude. frequency and speed of the slow component were measured. The effects of age, hearing loss, sex and water temperature were evaluated. Significant differences were found in cool water durations. Significant differences were found as a function of age for all parameters in warm water calorics. Response duration was not found to be significantly correlated to speed of the slow component in cool calorics.
Head and neck manifestations of tularemia
Authors: Wills Paul I. , Gedosh Edgar A. , Nichols David R. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractTularemia is a relatively uncommon infectious cause of cervical lymphadenopathy. The records were studied of 81 patients hospitalized in western Arkansas with the diagnosis of tularemia over the period of 1970 to 1980. Fourteen cases (17%) had symptoms or findings referable to the head and neck at some time during the disease. Delay in treatment was prolonged in some cases by failure to consider tularemia as a possible diagnosis.The pertinent epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations and treatment are briefly reviewed.
A compendium of intranasal flaps
Authors: Karlan Marc S. , Ossoff Robert H. , Sisson George A. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe reconstructive surgeon is frequently called upon to repair intranasal defects which require the use of grafts and/or flaps. In general, flaps are difficult to design and utilize because of 1. limited intranasal exposure and 2. the complex design requirements for movement of the flap through three dimensions. Intranasal exposure is increased by the transoral premaxillary approach, the lateral alotomy, the lateral rhinotomy, the transethmoid, and the open rhinoplasty. The flaps to be designed all utilize the basic principles for skin flaps. However in contrast to movement on a relatively two‐dimensional surface, they frequently require movement in the three dimensions, i.e., from the floor of the nose up to the septum, from the side to the center, etc. We review the following flaps: 1. mucoperichondrial advancement and rotation flaps of the septum, 2. composite septal flap, 3. inferior turbinnte flaps, 4. nasal floor mucoperiosteal flaps, 5. middle turbinate flaps, 6. composite lateral cartilage flaps, 7. buccal sulcus flaps, and 8. nasolabial flaps.
Otological manifestations of wegener's granulomatosis
Authors: Illum Peter , Thorling Karen 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe otological manifestations of Wegener's granulomatosis were studied in 13 patients; diagnosis was confirmed histologically in 10, and in 1 patient periarteritis nodosa presented similar appearances.One patient had destruction of the external ear, and several had refractory otitis externa, usually associated with otitis media: 3 patients had serous otitis media, 4 had purulent otitis media of a fairly mild course, while 6 had otitis media of a fulminant and long‐lasting course, accompanied in 5 cases by cranial nerve palsy and in 2 by widespread destructions. Most patients had major sensory hearing loss. Two had short‐lasting anacusis during exacerbation of the pulmonary lesions.Often, otological manifestations were the initial signs of the disease. It is important to bear this diagnosis in mind in cases of long‐lasting and atypical inflammations and in the presence of peculiar constellations of symptoms from several different organ systems.
Bullous myringitis and sensorineural hearing loss
Authors: Hoffman Ronald A. , Shepsman Debra A. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA prospective study was undertaken to investigate the incidence of sensorineural hearing loss in bullous myringitis. Fifteen patients with 21 ears diagnosed as bullous myringitis were seen over a 24‐month period. Pure tone and speech audiometry were performed as early in the clinical course as possible; 7 ears demonstrated a sensorineural hearing loss and 7 ears a mixed loss. There were no purely conductive hearing losses. Recovery of hearing was complete in 8 of 14 ears. The findings of this study suggest that sensorineural hearing loss is common in bullous myringitis. The literature regarding bullous myringitis is briefly reviewed and the implications of this study are discussed.
Post‐traumatic facial nerve paralysis: Three cases of delayed temporal bone exploration with recovery
Authors: Brodsky Linda , Eviatar Abraham , Daniller Avron 
Published: October 2006

AbstractNo consensus exists today on the management of immediate‐onset post‐traumatic facial nerve paralysis. Controversy surrounds the timing of surgical intervention and the role of electrophysiologic testing. Three patients are presented who sustained immediate, complete facial paralysis following closed head trauma. They did not have prompt facial nerve decompression. In each case, electroneurography and electromyography showed complete nerve degeneration and denervated muscle. Despite the results of the electrophysiologic tests, all patients underwent late surgical decompression of the nerve: one at 2 1/2 months, one at 3 months, and one as late as 14 months after injury. They all had good recovery of facial function within 6 months of surgery. Early surgical intervention has been advocated in post‐traumatic facial nerve paralysis if any benefit is to be gained. It is thought that late surgical intervention is unlikely to yield further improvement in the facial nerve function. Experience with these cases suggests that surgical exploration of the facial nerve is indicated at anytime, as it may be beneficial even in very old injuries. The prognostic value of electroneurography and electromyography in determining facial nerve recovery and in deciding upon facial nerve surgery is questioned.
Superficial extending carcinoma of the hypopharynx: Report of 26 cases of an underestimated carcinoma
Authors: Carbone Antonino , Micheau Christian , Bosq Jacques , Caillaud Jean‐Michel , Vandenbrouck Claude 
Published: October 2006

AbstractAdvanced ulcerating and infiltrating tumors are commonly found in the hypopharynx, whereas early well‐defined lesions are rarely diagnosed.The pathologic reports of 242 uniformly studied surgical specimens after total pharyngolaryngectomy for cancer of the hypo‐pharynx were reviewed. The histologic analysis of 26 cancers (10.7%), which were recorded as having an entire or predominant superficial type of spreading, demonstrated that also in the hypopharynx a “superficial extending carcinoma” (SEC) may occur.SEC of hypopharynx was pathologically defined as a poorly or moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma, generally located in the pyriform sinus, which spreads superficially. It was limited to the mucosa (2.9%), but more frequently early infiltrated the underlying muscle or gland structures (6.2%), regardless of the presence of lymph node metastases or lymph vessels invasion.Although the concept that SEC of the hypopharynx may be an expression of a generalized disease of the mucosa must be carefully considered in surgical management, it appeared that this carcinoma in its “pure” intramucosal form may be associated with a good prognosis and a long survival.
Ear canal cholesteatoma
Authors: Holt James J. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractAlthough cholesteatomas are more commonly found in the middle ear and the mastoid, the disease can occur in the external ear canal. All cases of ear canal cholesteatoma treated by the author were reviewed. There were nine ears in seven patients, who had an average age of 62 years. The lesions ranged in size from a few millimeters to extensive mastoid destruction. Smaller lesions can be managed by frequent cleaning as an office procedure. Larger lesions require surgery, either canaloplasty or mastoidectomy. The otolaryngologist should suspect this disease in the elderly. Microscopic examination of the ear with meticulous cleaning of all wax, especially in elderly patients, is most useful in detecting early disease. Frequent applications of mineral oil to the canal should be used in the management of the disease and to prevent recurrence.
Flutamide‐induced regression of angiofibroma
Authors: Gates George A. , Rice Dale H. , Koopmann Charles F. , Schuller David E. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractJuvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma (JNA) appears to be an endocrine‐responsive tumor. This concept was tested in five young men with JNA by treating them with a testosterone receptor blocker (flutamide) for 6 weeks preoperatively.Tumor size was evaluated by axial computed tomography both before and after flutamide therapy. Four of the five patients had an average tumor shrinkage of 44%. The patients tolerated the drug well, and the serum testosterone levels 2 or more years posttherapy were normal.This pilot study demonstrates that preoperative hormonal pharmacoreduction of JNA is a feasible adjunct to surgical therapy that offers the possibility of reduced blood loss. However, the authors believe that a formal clinical trial of this treatment approach is warranted and should be done before widespread adoption of this agent.
Neural regeneration in the noise‐damaged chinchilla cochlea
Authors: Bohne Barbara A. , Harding Gary W. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractRecent studies in the bird ear have shown that degenerated hair cells are sometimes replaced by regenerated receptor cells. The present study evaluated the adult mammalian cochlea for evidence of hair‐cell and nerve‐fiber regeneration. Eighty‐eight noise‐damaged chinchilla cochleas were examined as plastic‐embedded whole mounts by phase‐contrast and bright‐field microscopy. No signs of hair‐cell regeneration were found. However, 32 (70%) of 46 cochleas damaged by high‐intensity noise and 20 (48%) of 42 cochleas damaged by moderate‐intensity noise contained a variable number of nerve fibers which appeared to be regenerated. These fibers, which were located in severely damaged areas of organ of Corti, differed from residual fibers with respect to their diameters, the degree and pattern of myelination, and by the abnormal paths they followed within the osseous spiral lamina and on the basilar membrane. The number of regenerated fibers varied with type of exposure and length of recovery. The strongest response was found in ears exposed to a high‐intensity, low‐frequency noise. The results described here indicate that a potential exists for the biological restoration of the mammalian inner ear.
Esthesioneuroblastoma: The UCLA experience 1970–1990
Authors: Dulguerov Pavel , Calcaterra Thomas 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA retrospective review was conducted of all esthesioneuroblastoma cases treated at UCLA Medical Center from 1970 through 1990. Patients were staged according to the staging systems of Kadish, et al.12 Biller, et al.,5 and a new staging system proposed by the authors.Of 26 patients treated, 74% were alive at 5 years and 60% were alive at 10 years. Combined treatment with surgery and radiation is advocated since a recurrence'free status was achieved in 92% of the patients, compared with 14% for surgery alone and 40% for radiation alone. A craniofacial resection was performed in 7 patients, all of whom have remained disease free.Negative prognostic factors included: age over 50 years at presentation, female sex, tumor recurrence, and metastasis. The proposed new staging system predicted disease'free status better than the other staging systems.
Preliminary results with the clarion cochlear implant
Authors: Schindler Robert A. , Kessler Dorcas K. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA new cochlear implant has become available. This device, called the Clarion Multichannel Cochlear Implant, is the result of collaborative efforts between the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), the Research Triangle Institute (RTI), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, and the device manufacturer and sponsor, Mini Med Technologies of Sylmar, California. The Clarion represents a new generation of multi‐programmable cochlear implant systems. Options in waveform, the stimulation mode, and the temporal distribution of the signal permit the device to be optimally customized for each individual patient. The speech coding scheme offering the greatest opportunity for speech recognition can be selected. The first Clarion recipient has recently been implanted at UCSF, initiating the Clarion's investigational clinical trials. A description of the device and preliminary patient results are presented.
Fano manifolds of coindex four as ample sections
Authors: Novelli Carla 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
We give a classification of pairs (X, L) consisting of a smooth complex n-dimensional projective variety X and an ample line bundle L on X such that Z ∈

is a Fano manifold with − K

Z
= (dim Z − 3)H

Z
for an ample and spanned line bundle H

Z
on Z.
Jung's theorem for a pair of Minkowski spaces
Authors: Boltyanski Vladimir , Martini Horst 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
We give generalizations of Jung's theorem for the case when there are two Minkowski metrics in ℝ
n
one of which is used to define the diameter of a set M ∈ ℝ
n
, and the other to determine the radius of the Minkowski ball containing M.
Corpus, creativity, cliché: Where statistics meet aesthetics
Authors: Dillon George L 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
Lively originality, in literature and elsewhere, is conventionally associated with the avoidance of cliché and well-worn phrasing. But the relations between cliché, idiom, high-frequency use, and their contribution to literary art, are less predictable (for a discussion of the reiteration of the signifier in the visual rather than verbal medium, namely clipart images, see Dillon 2006). There seems to be no direct correlation between how often a phrase appears in the large corpora of contemporary English and how clichéd it is felt to be; and clichédness and idiomaticity seem to be more a matter of perception than of statistical prominence. Conversely, rare collocations are “striking”, but this is not sufficient for purposes of literary art. More important than a striking turn of phrase is an apt one (relative to topic, theme, co-text, cumulative aligned structure: the entire integrated design of the poem). Aptness is an aesthetic category, not a statistical one and not reducible to one, since it applies to a particular, indeed, a unique communicative moment. And the apt word or phrase may not be a novel one.
An Approach to Determining the Uncertainty in Reactor Test Objects Using Deterministic and Monte Carlo Methods
Authors: Keith RE 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
A procedure for determining an estimate of the uncertainty in test objects components using discrete ordinates and Monte Carlo methods has been developed. The procedure is described, and a review of the advantages and disadvantages of these methods is presented with the emphasis on the advantage of employing both transport methods in analysis. The discrete ordinates-based techniques use the DOORS and DANTSYS radiation transport codes (with the SUSD3D code for the determination of sensitivity of the response parameter to cross sections), and the Monte Carlo-based techniques primarily employ the MCNP code (using the general MCNP perturbation operator in a manner that determines the sensitivities to transport cross sections). The focus of the analysis presented is on experiments that are preformed at the Annular Core Research Reactor (ACRR) at Sandia National Laboratories (SNL), and includes uncertainty contributed by the uncertainties in the source spectrum, in response functions, and in transport cross sections.
Influence of the Multigroup Approximation on VVER-1000 RPV Neutron/Gamma Flux Calculation
Authors: Belousov S I , Kirilova D L , Mitev M R , Ilieva K D 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
One-dimensional calculations of neutron and gamma group fluxes and radiation damage in terms of DPA have been carried out for VVER-1000 mock-up realized at LR-0 critical assembly, Rez, Czech Republic in order to evaluate the influence of energy dependence multigroup approximation on VVER-1000 RPV Neutron/Gamma flux calculation. Two calculational methods have been applied: Monte Carlo method (MC) with continuous energy dependence description and discrete ordinates (DO) method with multigroup energy dependence approximation. Two different multigroup neutron/gamma cross section libraries have been used: BGL1000—created especially for VVER-1000 application and BUGLE96—created for PWR application. A good consistency between the results for both methods and different cross section libraries is obtained for neutrons with energy above 0.1 MeV. The worst consistency is obtained for the thermal neutrons. For gammas a better consistency between DO and MC results is obtained when BGL1000 library is applied.