bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of Sinonasal Simulator in Teaching Endoscopic Nasal Skills
Authors: Ossowski Kathryn L. , Rhee Diane C. , Rubinstein Elaine N. , Ferguson Berrylin J. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis: To develop a nasal model (NM) which accurately simulates human texture and anatomy and to study the effect of training with NM on performance of video rigid nasal endoscopy and video flexible laryngoscopy. At the conclusion of this presentation, the participants should be able to demonstrate that training with nasal endoscopic simulation enhances efficiency and may improve comfort to the patient.Study Design: A randomized blinded control trial.Methods: Twenty medical students without prior endoscopic experience, stratified by prior video game experience, were randomized to training or no training on NM. All participants viewed a 15‐minute video instruction on endoscopy. Students randomized to training then practiced on the NM for 15 minutes. All students were tested within 90 minutes of the initial instruction with a timed identification of structures on NM followed by a timed flexible laryngoscopy on a human volunteer who ranked comfort/discomfort on a visual analogue scale.Results: The students in the training group had a significantly shorter procedure time on NM using rigid nasal endoscopy compared with untrained students (61 seconds vs. 104 seconds, P = .025). The trained students showed a trend, which did not reach statistical significance, toward faster flexible laryngoscopy on the model (23 seconds vs. 32 seconds, P = .085). The trained students had average lower discomfort scores (0.89 vs. 1.33) compared with untrained students, but this did not reach statistical significance.Conclusions: Our NM accurately simulates human texture and anatomy and provides an opportunity for endoscopic training without concern of bloodborne pathogens and expense of cadavers. Further development of the NM is warranted to expand the training utility.
Homology Modeling and Site-Directed Mutagenesis Reveal Catalytic Key Amino Acids of 3β-Hydroxysteroid-Dehydrogenase/C4-Decarboxylase from Arabidopsis
Authors: Rahier Alain , Bergdoll Marc , Génot Geneviève , Bouvier Florence , Camara Bilal 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
Sterols become functional only after removal of the two methyl groups at C4 by a membrane-bound multienzyme complex including a 3β-hydroxysteroid-dehydrogenase/C4-decarboxylase (3βHSD/D). We recently identified Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) 3βHSD/D as a bifunctional short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase protein. We made use of three-dimensional homology modeling to identify key amino acids involved in 4α-carboxy-sterol and NAD binding and catalysis. Key amino acids were subjected to site-directed mutagenesis, and the mutated enzymes were expressed and assayed both in vivo and in vitro in an erg26 yeast strain defective in 3βHSD/D. We show that tyrosine-159 and lysine-163, which are oriented near the 3β-hydroxyl group of the substrate in the model, are essential for the 3βHSD/D activity, consistent with their involvement in the initial dehydrogenation step of the reaction. The essential arginine-326 residue is predicted to form a salt bridge with the 4α-carboxyl group of the substrate, suggesting its involvement both in substrate binding and in the decarboxylation step. The essential aspartic acid-39 residue is in close contact with the hydroxyl groups of the adenosine-ribose ring of NAD+, in good agreement with the strong preference of 3βHSD/D for NAD+. Data obtained with serine-133 mutants suggest close proximity between the serine-133 residue and the C4β domain of the bound sterol. Based on these data, we propose a tentative mechanism for 3βHSD/D activity. This study provides, to our knowledge, the first data on the three-dimensional molecular interactions of an enzyme of the postoxidosqualene cyclase sterol biosynthesis pathway with its substrate. The implications of our findings for studying the roles of C4-alkylated sterol precursors in plant development are discussed.
Nuclear Activity of ROXY1, a Glutaredoxin Interacting with TGA Factors, Is Required for Petal Development inArabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Li Shutian , Lauri Andrea , Ziemann Mark , Busch Andrea , Bhave Mrinal , Zachgo Sabine 
Published: February 2009

AbstractGlutaredoxins (GRXs) have thus far been associated mainly with redox-regulated processes participating in stress responses. However, ROXY1, encoding a GRX, has recently been shown to regulate petal primorida initiation and further petal morphogenesis in Arabidopsis thaliana. ROXY1 belongs to a land plant-specific class of GRXs that has a CC-type active site motif, which deviates from ubiquitously occurring CPYC and CGFS GRXs. Expression studies of yellow fluorescent protein-ROXY1 fusion genes driven by the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter reveal a nucleocytoplasmic distribution of ROXY1. We demonstrate that nuclear localization of ROXY1 is indispensable and thus crucial for its activity in flower development. Yeast two-hybrid screens identified TGA transcription factors as interacting proteins, which was confirmed by bimolecular fluorescence complementation experiments showing their nuclear interaction in planta. Overlapping expression patterns of ROXY1 and TGA genes during flower development demonstrate that ROXY1/TGA protein interactions can occur in vivo and support their biological relevance in petal development. Deletion analysis of ROXY1 demonstrates the importance of the C terminus for its functionality and for mediating ROXY1/TGA protein interactions. Phenotypic analysis of the roxy1-2 pan double mutant and an engineered chimeric repressor mutant from PERIANTHIA (PAN), a floral TGA gene, supports a dual role of ROXY1 in petal development. Together, our results show that the ROXY1 protein functions in the nucleus, likely by modifying PAN posttranslationally and thereby regulating its activity in petal primordia initiation. Additionally, ROXY1 affects later petal morphogenesis, probably by modulating other TGA factors that might act redundantly during differentiation of second whorl organs.
MARC data, the OPAC, and library professionals
Authors: Williams Jo 
Published: February 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to show that knowledge of the Machine‐Readable Cataloguing (MARC) format is useful in all aspects of librarianship, not just for cataloguing, and how MARC knowledge can address indexing limitations of the online catalogue.Design/methodology/approachThe paper employs examples and scenarios to show the usefulness of MARC knowledge among library professionals.FindingsThe paper finds that library professionals with an understanding of MARC also have an advantage in understanding how Online Public Access Catalogues (OPACs) work. With a knowledge of MARC, librarians can understand OPAC indexing limitations and develop ways to work around those limitations. An understanding of MARC bibliographic data across library specialities allows librarians to work interdependently to affect the functionality of the OPAC.Originality/valueEditing/manipulating MARC data based on indexing limitations of the online catalogue can improve retrieval of library resources. Additionally, MARC knowledge and skills are transferable, even with the challenges of changing OPAC technology.
Chinese localisation of Evergreen: an open source integrated library system
Authors: Zou Qing , Liu Guoying 
Published: February 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate various issues related to Chinese language localisation in Evergreen, an open source integrated library system (ILS).Design/methodology/approachA Simplified Chinese version of Evergreen was implemented and tested and various issues such as encoding, indexing, searching, and sorting specifically associated with Simplified Chinese language were investigated.FindingsThe paper finds that Unicode eases a lot of ILS development problems. However, having another language version of an ILS does not simply require the translation from one language to another. Indexing, searching, sorting and other locale related issues should be tackled not only language by language, but locale by locale.Practical implicationsMost of the issues that have arisen during this project will be found with other ILS‐like systems.Originality/valueThis paper provides insights into issues of, and various solutions to, indexing, searching, and sorting in the Chinese language in an ILS. These issues and the solutions may be applicable to other digital library systems such as institutional repositories.
Modelling and implementation of catalogue cards using FreeMarker
Authors: Radjenovic Jelena , Milosavljevic Branko , Surla Dusan 
Published: February 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to report on a study involving the specification (using Unified Modelling Language (UML) 2.0) of information requirements and implementation of the software components for generating catalogue cards. The implementation in a Java environment is developed using the FreeMarker software.Design/methodology/approachObject‐oriented methodology as well as CASE tools are used to design the software components. The system architecture makes the catalogue cards available from every segment of the library management system, and enables catalogue card updates without recompilation of the source code.FindingsThe outcome of the work is a software package, implemented in a Java environment, that generates and displays catalogue cards based on bibliographic records in the UNIMARC format, but it can be easily adapted for the other MARC formats.Research limitations/implicationsThe package is limited to generating only catalogue cards based on MARC formats. In order to avoid this limitation it is possible to define specific metadata for catalogue card generation. In such a case, the catalogue cards could be generated from the metadata regardless of the bibliographic record format.Practical implicationsThe software package is integrated into the BISIS library management software system used by 36 libraries including public, city, faculty and special libraries in Serbia.Originality/valueThe architecture of the software component can be used in different implementations of library management systems. It is only necessary to represent the bibliographic record data using the internal data structure of the FreeMarker software package.
A personalised information support system for searching portals and e‐resources
Authors: Sirisha B.S. , Jeevan V.K.J. , Raja Kumar R.V. , Goswami A. 
Published: February 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to describe the development of a personalised information support system to help faculty members to search various portals and e‐resources without typing the search terms in different interfaces and to obtain results re‐ordered without human intervention.Design/methodology/approachAfter a careful survey of various tools and techniques available for computerised client‐centred information services, the study selected to apply web usage mining, proxy level data collection and a vector space retrieval model to develop the personalised information support for teaching and research in a higher education institution.FindingsThere are practical constraints in the implementation stage. There is considerable difficulty in getting real and correct user interests and mapping them effectively into the products and services offered by the library. Also the interests of users change continuously. If multiple users share the same PC, it is difficult to identify the user as there is no one‐to‐one mapping between user and IP address.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper has not considered cases for all the faculty members due to time constraints. The results obtained from the system also need correlation with the sources actually used by the faculty to test its efficacy in a highly fluid research situation like higher academics.Practical implicationsA pragmatic client‐centred information support prototype described in this paper may find use in other institutions needing similar information support.Originality/valueThis paper demonstrates the pragmatic application of ICT for linking users and e‐resources in an academic library.
Towards an assessment of strategic credibility in academic libraries
Authors: Staines Gail 
Published: February 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this original research is to gauge the level of academic libraries' strategic credibility by analyzing whether strategic planning goals align with annual reports.Design/methodology/approachA modified replication of a study by Jarvenpaa and Ives was used. A random sample of 28 ARL libraries was taken from ARL membership. Library directors were contacted for a copy of both a strategic plan and an annual report. A two‐way comparison was conducted between three groups using content analysis.FindingsAnalysis of strategic plans and annual reports revealed that the majority of the libraries in the study produced strategic plans. However, most libraries no longer produce annual reports. Canadian strategic plans were user‐centered, whereas US plans focused on “hot topics”. Themes emerged from the analysis of strategic plans including space planning, offsite storage, assessment, development, and personnel.Research limitations/implicationsDetermining the level to which ARL libraries have strategic credibility is difficult to surmise, since the anticipated number of annual reports did not materialize. Further research is needed to compare what impact strategic plans and marketing strategies have on fundraising.Practical implicationsSeveral tactical methods libraries can implement in order to get the attention of potential donors and funding agencies to support projects and programs include the hiring of a library development officer, contracting with a marketing firm, and greatly improving the quality of communication to clientele.Originality/valueThe paper presents original research and is of value to academic library leaders who want to know about current trends in communicating strategic goals and objectives to their clientele.
On the future of library operations research
Authors: Warwick Jonathan 
Published: February 2009

PurposeThis paper sets out to describe the development of problem‐structuring methods within operations research (OR) and to suggest that these might define new areas of collaborative activity between library management and OR modellers.Design/methodology/approachThe paper identifies a requirement for the twenty‐first century academic library to be flexible, inclusive and responsive to rapidly changing environments. The use of problem‐structuring methods provides OR modellers with a methodological approach that can assist decision making under just these conditions, and so a management approach that places problem‐structuring methods firmly within library planning processes is suggested.FindingsSince the rapid growth of library OR in the 1960s and 1970s (using primarily statistical and quantitative techniques) there has been a significant downturn in new applications and model developments within the last 20 years. This has coincided with a debate on the future of OR that has moved it away from the application of quantitative techniques, and the new paradigms evolving from that debate could stimulate a regeneration of interest in library OR.Originality/valueThe paper explores a possible future for library OR. The application of OR methods within libraries has undoubtedly had its successes and a wider appreciation of the potential use of problem‐structuring methods within library management could resolve many of the issues associated with planning library operations on the brink of the second decade of the twenty‐first century.
Reinventing program design
Authors: Barnett Carole K. , Shore Barry 
Published: February 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this article is to build a framework for thinking about radical program redesign as a broad, forward‐looking, sustainable institutional change process rather than a traditionally narrow, periodic “project” aimed primarily at comparisons with past performance. The paper seeks to examine the transformational journey of a US public research university's AACSB‐accredited business school during its efforts to reinvent itself for the long term after decades of unsatisfactory continuous improvement initiatives. The key success factor is developing more of a learning‐oriented culture to enable ongoing performance monitoring and corresponding variations in strategies, structure, and action.Design/methodology/approachThe paper takes the form of a qualitative case study.FindingsInitiating radical change in educational institutions requires some type of crisis without which there is a remarkable deficiency in faculty members' motivation to learn. Once awakened by compelling data that disconfirm their illusions of effectiveness, a critical mass of faculty members can readily lead cultural and structural changes that enable ongoing advances in their programs and colleges. Sustainable planned change depends on a culture of disciplined commitment to data, information, and knowledge that are effectively communicated by the principal change agent and swiftly translated into new, appropriate action.Research limitations/implicationsThis is a single case study of a US business school whose cultural and political nuances may differ from non‐US educational institutions, thereby limiting the value of the learning process and outcomes that are reported. In addition, the paper describes and explains a relatively short‐term four‐year change process whose assessment would no doubt benefit from a seven to eight‐year retrospective analysis.Practical implicationsThe paper illuminates many of the commonly observed cultural and political dynamics in educational institutions that both promoted and inhibited the faculty's progress during the redesign, and considers the faculty's future path based on perceptions about the challenges that emerged from its recent transformation. Other business school faculty can distil insight from the report to guide their own journeying.Originality/valueThis is one of a very small number of theoretically grounded reports of a graduate faculty's efforts to redesign its MBA program for a creative, good fit with twenty‐first century global economic realities. More and more business schools are starting to move in a similar direction to this and their faculties could gain a great deal from the experience reported here.
Implementing a common library system for the Lesotho Library Consortium
Authors: Taole Nthabiseng , Dick Archie L. 
Published: February 2009

PurposeThis paper seeks to report on an investigation of the implementation of a common library system for the Lesotho Library Consortium (LELICO). The outcome is to be a strategy for implementing the INNOPAC library system in LELICO.Design/methodology/approachThe paper drew on a survey of LELICO member libraries and the experiences of selected consortia and libraries in the Southern African region. The level of automation, financial status, preferred system properties, and the modules required by LELICO member libraries were the main areas of investigation. Data were collected through questionnaires and interviews. Questionnaires were sent to the 12 heads of the LELICO member libraries, and there were follow‐up interviews with five library heads. Relevant sources were consulted to provide additional information.FindingsIt was found that financial constraints influenced levels of computerisation in the majority of LELICO member libraries. It was also found that the required modules are: Acquisitions, Cataloguing, Circulations, Management Information, OPAC, and Serials. The system properties of Functionality, Usability, Support and Training, and Vendor were considered important for a common library system. The experiences of selected consortia and libraries in the Southern African region showed that the INNOPAC library system is the most suitable for LELICO.Practical implicationsThe paper proposes a strategy for implementing the INNOPAC library system in LELICO, and makes recommendations for member libraries.Originality/valueThe findings may be useful to other small, multi‐type consortia considering the implementation of a common library system.
Job description requirements for systems librarians in Iranian university libraries
Authors: Hossein Farajpahlou Abdol , Danesh Farshid 
Published: February 2009

PurposeThe aim of this paper is to prepare and propose a job description for and identify the organizational position of systems librarians in university libraries in Iran.Design/methodology/approachThe required data were collected in two ways: literature review and survey of opinions. The respondents completed a questionnaire designed by the researchers in order to specify the skills, duties, characteristics and other qualifications of the librarians in Iranian university libraries. The material covered by the questionnaire was extracted from the existing cultural and organizational structure systems librarianship texts and their recruitment advertisements. Differences between Iranian university libraries and those of developed nations are noted. The research population included all administrators and supervisors of information sections in university libraries of Iran.FindingsIt was found that in Iran information sciences librarians require assistance from computer experts, since the IT training programme on offer does not meet the required standard. This has resulted in a reduced ability to perform their duties adequately, prompting the proposed survey for the purpose of producing a revised job description.Practical implicationsBased on the findings of this research, a job description is formulated for systems librarians in Iranian university libraries. The job description thus presented includes: responsibilities, skills, job features, factors, tools of work, condition of work environment, intellectual capabilities required, body posture, and required technologies.Originality/valueThe survey is unique in that the focus is on an Iranian systems librarian's job description based on requirements resulting from the opinions expressed by the managers and the librarians of the Iranian university libraries. Its structure therefore corresponds to the occupations widespread in Iran.