bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Establishing Consensus of Best Practice for CEA Use in Treatment of Severe Burns: A US Burn Provider Delphi Study
Authors: Glat Paul , Quirk Lisa , Hultman Scott , Kesey Jennifer , Jain Arpana , Griswald John , Natalie Fitzgerald , Wibbenmeyer Lucy , Amani Hamed , Cramer Caryn , Hickerson William L 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The goal of this study was to inform standards of best practice in the use of cultured epidermal autograft (CEA), manufactured in the United States, for the treatment of patients with severe burns. The study was designed using the modified Delphi technique, a method for structuring group communication among experts to promote the development of consensus-based recommendations. Known areas of variability related to the stages of CEA treatment were identified by literature review prior to the study and were confirmed through qualitative interview with the experts. The areas included Preoperative Planning/Surgical Planning, Immediate Postoperative Care, and Rehabilitation and Long-Term Care. A list of 22 questions was developed based on interviews with the experts, and a 3-round Delphi technique was used to establish consensus (≥80% agreement). Following 3 rounds (quantitative, qualitative, and virtual roundtable meeting) of the Delphi study, important guidance for the use of CEA treatment in severely burned patients gained consensus. Final key recommendations included minimum burn limit for CEA treatment (30%-50% TBSA), ideal biopsy timing (1-2 days), number of grafts (enough to cover; adjust 72 hours before application), use of dermal substrates (recommended) and wide meshed autograft underlay (recommended), optimal CEA drying time per day (open air &gt;6 hours), slings used if CEA placed on extremities (recommended), dressing changes (performed every day, all at once, with all layers removed down to bridal veil), CEA backing removal (10-14 days after placement), heat lamps (can be used to aid the wound in drying, depending on clinical judgment), initial activity restrictions lifted (beginning 10 days after backing removal), compression garments (introduced at approximately 2 months post-CEA surgery), and lasers (CO2 laser can be introduced between 3 and 6 months post-CEA surgery).
The Effectiveness of Environmental Provisions in Regional Trade Agreements
Authors: Abman Ryan , Lundberg Clark , Ruta Michele 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Trade liberalization can spur environmental degradation. Concerns over these adverse impacts have led to a debate over the need for environmental provisions in regional trade agreements (RTAs); however, the effectiveness of such provisions is unknown. In this paper, we provide new plausibly causal evidence that environmental provisions are effective in limiting deforestation following the entry into force of RTAs. We exploit high resolution, satellite-derived estimates of deforestation, and identify the content of RTAs using a new dataset with detailed information on individual provisions. Accounting for the potential endogeneity of environmental provisions in RTAs, we find that the inclusion of specific provisions aimed at protecting forests and/or biodiversity almost entirely offsets the net increases in forest loss observed in similar RTAs without such provisions. The effects are particularly strong in tropical, developing countries with greater biodiversity. The inclusion of these provisions limits agricultural expansion and agricultural trade.
Evaluating the Impact of Different Feature as a Counter Data Aggregation approaches on the Performance of NIDSs and Their Selected Features
Authors: Magán-Carrión Roberto , Urda Daniel , Diaz-Cano Ignacio , Dorronsoro Bernabé 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
There is much effort nowadays to protect communication networks against different cybersecurity attacks (which are more and more sophisticated) that look for systems’ vulnerabilities they could exploit for malicious purposes. Network Intrusion Detection Systems (NIDSs) are popular tools to detect and classify such attacks, most of them based on ML models. However, ML-based NIDSs cannot be trained by feeding them with network traffic data as it is. Thus, a Feature Engineering (FE) process plays a crucial role transforming network traffic raw data onto derived one suitable for ML models. In this work, we study the effects of applying one such FE technique in different ways on the performance of two ML models (linear and non-linear) and their selected features. This the Feature as a Counter approach. The derived observations are computed from either with the same number of raw samples, (batch-based approaches) or by aggregating them by time intervals (timestamp-based approach). Results show that there is no significant differences between the proposed approaches neither in the performance of the models nor in the selected features that validate our proposal making it feasible to be widely used as a standard FE method.
Genome-wide data support recognition of an additional species of Neotropical river otter (Mammalia, Mustelidae, Lutrinae)
Authors: de Ferran Vera , Vieira Figueiró Henrique , Trinca Cristine Silveira , Hernández-Romero Pablo César , Lorenzana Gustavo P , Gutiérrez-Rodríguez Carla , Koepfli Klaus-Peter , Eizirik Eduardo 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Cryptic biodiversity continues to be revealed worldwide, even in apparently well-known groups such as carnivorans. The Neotropical Otter (Lontra longicaudis) presents shape variation in its nose pad, a character that has been used to differentiate species in this group. Based on this, 3 subspecies are recognized: L. l. annectens (Mexico, Central America, and South America west of the Andes), L. l. enudris (Amazon and Orinoco basins), and L. l. longicaudis (Paraná basin and remaining distribution). Previous studies partially supported their distinctness based on mitochondrial DNA markers, morphometrics, and ecological niche modeling. We analyzed genome-wide nuclear markers (ultraconserved elements) of 29 L. longicaudis individuals across the species’ range to assess its population structure. Phylogenomic analysis recovered L. longicaudis as paraphyletic with robust support, with 1 clade comprising samples from Mexico and Colombia (trans-Andean populations) and another encompassing the remaining samples (cis-Andean populations), which grouped with 2 other South American species, L. felina and L. provocax. Principal component and admixture analyses strongly differentiated the 2 main L. longicaudis groups, and distinguished the Amazonian individuals from the remaining cis-Andean samples. Our results support the recognition of trans-Andean populations of L. longicaudis as a distinct otter species, which should be recognized as Lontra annectens.
Diagnostic yield of postmortem brain examination following premortem brain biopsy for neoplastic and nonneoplastic disease
Authors: MacRae Cassie B , Grieco Kristina C , Solomon Isaac H 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Medical autopsies have decreased in frequency due in part to advances in radiological techniques and increased availability of molecular and other ancillary testing. However, premortem diagnosis of CNS disease remains challenging; while ∼90% of brain tumor biopsies are diagnostic, only 20%–70% of biopsies for presumed nonneoplastic disease result in a specific diagnosis. The added benefits of performing an autopsy following surgical brain biopsy are not well defined. A retrospective analysis was performed of patients who underwent brain biopsy and autopsy at Brigham and Women’s Hospital from 2003 to 2022. A total of 135 cases were identified, including 95 (70%) patients with primary CNS neoplasms, 16 (12%) with metastatic tumors, and 24 (18%) with nonneoplastic neurological disease. Diagnostic concordance between biopsy and autopsy diagnosis was excellent both for primary CNS neoplasms (98%) and metastatic tumors (94%). Conversely, patients with nonneoplastic disease received definitive premortem diagnoses in 7/24 (29%) cases. Five (21%) additional patients received conclusive diagnoses following autopsy; 8 (33%) received a more specific differential diagnosis compared to the biopsy. Overall, autopsy confirmed premortem diagnoses or provided new diagnostic information in 131/135 (97%) cases, highlighting the value in performing postmortem brain examination in patients with both neoplastic and nonneoplastic diseases.
Rare case of strangulated primary acquired perineal hernia causing small bowel obstruction requiring emergency operative repair
Authors: Jamsari Giuleta , Kwik Charlotte , King Jenny , Pathma-Nathan Nimalan 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Primary acquired perineal hernia is rare with only 100 reported cases in the literature. Emergency presentations of intestinal obstruction secondary to perineal hernia are very rare and to-date, there are only eight cases reported in the literature. We present a case of a 74-year-old lady who presented with a small bowel obstruction secondary to strangulated perineal hernia in the absence of pelvic exenteration or abdominoperineal resection requiring operative repair via combined open transabdominal and transperineal approach. To our knowledge, this case represents the first reported case of intestinal obstruction secondary to primary acquired perineal hernia in the absence of pelvic exenteration or abdominoperineal resection.
Understanding and managing a case of the omphalocele-exstrophy-imperforate anus-spinal defect complex
Authors: Nurani Khulud Mahmood , Abdalla Waleed , Ayub Khalid Mohamed 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The omphalocele-exstrophy-imperforate anus-spinal defects (OEIS) complex is a rare birth disorder involving a combination of gastrointestinal, musculoskeletal, renal, neural, and genitourinary system defects. We present a case report of a neonate with OEIS born by vertex spontaneous delivery to non-consanguineous parents. The major presenting defect was exstrophy of the cecum lying between two exstrophied halves of the bladder, an imperforate anus and spina bifida myelomeningocele. Explorative laparotomy revealed a duplex kidney system, attachment of the terminal ileum and cecum to the exstrophy, and a sausage-like atretic large bowel. Malrotation was also noted. Ladd’s bands were released followed by ileostomy and ureterostomy. Patient was stable post-operatively and in the incubator on room air. OEIS remains a challenging anomaly that requires optimal treatment to facilitate the quality of life. With appropriate surgical intervention, the functional and social treatment goals for this unusual congenital defect can be met.
Genital self-image and sexual function in Iranian women from pregnancy to postpartum: a cohort study
Authors: Samiei Ghazale , Mehrbakhsh Zahra , Khosravi Hamideh , Moghasemi Sedigheh 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
Genital self-image is among the factors affecting women’s sexual function.

Aim
The present study aimed to determine changes in the genital self-image and its relationship with women’s sexual function in the third trimester of pregnancy and postpartum.

Methods
The participants of this prospective cohort study included 301 eligible pregnant women chosen through stratified random sampling with proportional allocation from comprehensive health centers in Gorgan, Iran. The Persian version of the 7-item Female Genital Self-Image Scale, the 6-item Female Sexual Function Index, and Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale 21 were filled in a self-report manner on 2 occasions: (1) 30 to 37 weeks of pregnancy and (2) 12 to 16 weeks (± 2 weeks) postpartum. Finally, the data were analyzed using SPSS 24 software.

Outcomes
Outcomes included Female Genital Self-Image Scale and Female Sexual Function Index changes from pregnancy to postpartum according to the childbirth mode.

Results
The mean age of participants was 29.66 ± 5.27 years. These values for the genital self-image scores of women during pregnancy (19.18 ± 3.25) and postpartum (19.43 ± 3.57) were not significantly different (P = .30). Also, this difference was not statistically significant regarding the mode of delivery in 2 groups of women with vaginal birth (P = .62) and cesarean section (P = .14). The mean Female Sexual Function Index scores during pregnancy (15.15 ± 6.73) and postpartum (17.52 ± 6.46) were significantly different (P = .001). In addition, this difference was significant in women with vaginal birth (P = .004) and cesarean section (P = .001).

Clinical Implications
Clinicians should inform women/couples about changes in female sexual function and address genital self-image as a factor involved in female sexual function during pregnancy and postpartum.
Strengths and Limitations: Because the participants of this study were women in the third trimester of pregnancy, the obtained results may not be generalized to pregnant women in the first and second trimesters of pregnancy or even to different postpartum periods (ie, midterm and long term).

Conclusion
The results showed that the female genital self-image is not significantly different during pregnancy and postpartum, or with the mode of delivery. However, the female sexual function score in postpartum is higher than in pregnancy, regardless of the mode of delivery.
Bayesian reasoning and the prior in court: not legally normative but unavoidable
Authors: Meester Ronald , Stevens Lonneke 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
We introduce Bayesian reasoning in court not as a toolbox for doing computations, but as a way to assess evidence in a case. We argue that Bayesian reasoning comes naturally, even when the findings in a case cannot readily be translated into numbers. Not having numbers at one’s disposal is not an obstacle to use Bayesian reasoning. Although we present a coherent and complete view, we focus on the prior, since that seems to be the most problematic part of Bayesian reasoning. We explain that attempts to numerically express the prior fail in general, but also that a prior is necessary and cannot be dispensed with. Indeed, we explain in detail why decision-making should not be based on likelihood ratios alone. We next discuss two of the most delicate questions around the prior: (1) the possible conflict with the presumption of innocence, and (2) the idea that unwanted personal conviction (like racism) might enter the decision procedure via the prior. We conclude that these alleged problems are not problematic after all, and we carefully explain this position.
Hierarchical consciousness: the Nested Observer Windows model
Authors: Riddle Justin , Schooler Jonathan W 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Foremost in our experience is the intuition that we possess a unified conscious experience. However, many observations run counter to this intuition: we experience paralyzing indecision when faced with two appealing behavioral choices, we simultaneously hold contradictory beliefs, and the content of our thought is often characterized by an internal debate. Here, we propose the Nested Observer Windows (NOW) Model, a framework for hierarchical consciousness wherein information processed across many spatiotemporal scales of the brain feeds into subjective experience. The model likens the mind to a hierarchy of nested mosaic tiles—where an image is composed of mosaic tiles, and each of these tiles is itself an image composed of mosaic tiles. Unitary consciousness exists at the apex of this nested hierarchy where perceptual constructs become fully integrated and complex behaviors are initiated via abstract commands. We define an observer window as a spatially and temporally constrained system within which information is integrated, e.g. in functional brain regions and neurons. Three principles from the signal analysis of electrical activity describe the nested hierarchy and generate testable predictions. First, nested observer windows disseminate information across spatiotemporal scales with cross-frequency coupling. Second, observer windows are characterized by a high degree of internal synchrony (with zero phase lag). Third, observer windows at the same spatiotemporal level share information with each other through coherence (with non-zero phase lag). The theoretical framework of the NOW Model accounts for a wide range of subjective experiences and a novel approach for integrating prominent theories of consciousness.
Arousal coherence, uncertainty, and well-being: an active inference account
Authors: Biddell Hannah , Solms Mark , Slagter Heleen , Laukkonen Ruben 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Here we build on recent findings which show that greater alignment between our subjective experiences (how we feel) and physiological states (measurable changes in our body) plays a pivotal role in the overall psychological well-being. Specifically, we propose that the alignment or ‘coherence’ between affective arousal (e.g. how excited we ‘feel’) and autonomic arousal (e.g. heart rate or pupil dilation) may be key for maintaining up-to-date uncertainty representations in dynamic environments. Drawing on recent advances in interoceptive and affective inference, we also propose that arousal coherence reflects interoceptive integration, facilitates adaptive belief updating, and impacts our capacity to adapt to changes in uncertainty, with downstream consequences to well-being. We also highlight the role of meta-awareness of arousal, a third level of inference, which may permit conscious awareness, learning about, and intentional regulation of lower-order sources of arousal. Practices emphasizing meta-awareness of arousal (like meditation) may therefore elicit some of their known benefits via improved arousal coherence. We suggest that arousal coherence is also likely to be associated with markers of adaptive functioning (like emotional awareness and self-regulatory capacities) and discuss mind–body practices that may increase coherence.
Marizomib for patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma: A randomized phase 3 trial
Authors: Roth Patrick , Gorlia Thierry , Reijneveld Jaap C , de Vos Filip , Idbaih Ahmed , Frenel Jean-Sébastien , Le Rhun Emilie , Sepulveda Juan Manuel , Perry James , Masucci G Laura , Freres Pierre , Hirte Hal , Seidel Clemens , Walenkamp Annemiek , Lukacova Slavka , Meijnders Paul , Blais Andre , Ducray Francois , Verschaeve Vincent , Nicholas Garth , Balana Carmen , Bota Daniela A , Preusser Matthias , Nuyens Sarah , Dhermain Fréderic , van den Bent Martin , O’Callaghan Chris J , Vanlancker Maureen , Mason Warren , Weller Michael 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
Standard treatment for patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma includes surgery, radiotherapy (RT), and temozolomide (TMZ) chemotherapy (TMZ/RT→TMZ). The proteasome has long been considered a promising therapeutic target because of its role as a central biological hub in tumor cells. Marizomib is a novel pan-proteasome inhibitor that crosses the blood–brain barrier.

Methods
European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer 1709/Canadian Cancer Trials Group CE.8 was a multicenter, randomized, controlled, open-label phase 3 superiority trial. Key eligibility criteria included newly diagnosed glioblastoma, age &gt; 18 years and Karnofsky performance status &gt; 70. Patients were randomized in a 1:1 ratio. The primary objective was to compare overall survival (OS) in patients receiving marizomib in addition to TMZ/RT→TMZ with patients receiving the only standard treatment in the whole population and in the subgroup of patients with MGMT promoter-unmethylated tumors.

Results
The trial was opened at 82 institutions in Europe, Canada, and the U.S. A total of 749 patients (99.9% of the planned 750) were randomized. OS was not different between the standard and the marizomib arm (median 17 vs. 16.5 months; HR = 1.04; P = .64). PFS was not statistically different either (median 6.0 vs. 6.3 months; HR = 0.97; P = .67). In patients with MGMT promoter-unmethylated tumors, OS was also not different between standard therapy and marizomib (median 14.5 vs. 15.1 months, HR = 1.13; P = .27). More CTCAE grade 3/4 treatment-emergent adverse events were observed in the marizomib arm than in the standard arm.

Conclusions
Adding marizomib to standard temozolomide-based radiochemotherapy resulted in more toxicity, but did not improve OS or PFS in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma.
The effects of local variations in conditions on carbon storage and release in the continental mantle
Authors: Foley Stephen F , Chen Chunfei , Jacob Dorrit E 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
Recent advances indicate that the amount of carbon released by gradual degassing from the mantle needs to be revised upwards, whereas the carbon supplied by plumes may have been overestimated in the past. Variations in rock types and oxidation state may be very local and exert strong influences on carbon storage and release mechanisms. Deep subduction may be prevented by diapirism in thick sedimentary packages, whereas carbonates in thinner sequences may be subducted. Carbonates stored in the mantle transition zone will melt when they heat up, recognized by coupled stable isotope systems (e.g. Mg, Zn, Ca). There is no single ‘mantle oxygen fugacity’, particularly in the thermal boundary layer (TBL) and lowermost lithosphere, where very local mixtures of rock types coexist. Carbonate-rich melts from either subduction or melting of the uppermost asthenosphere trap carbon by redox freezing or as carbonate-rich dykes in this zone. Deeply derived, reduced melts may form further diamond reservoirs, recognized as polycrystalline diamonds associated with websteritic silicate minerals. Carbon is released by either edge-driven convection, which tears sections of the TBL and lower lithosphere down so that they melt by a mixture of heating and oxidation, or by lateral advection of solids beneath rifts. Both mechanisms operate at steps in lithosphere thickness and result in carbonate-rich melts, explaining the spatial association of craton edges and carbonate-rich magmatism. High-pressure experiments on individual rock types, and increasingly on reactions between rocks and melts, are fine-tuning our understanding of processes and turning up unexpected results that are not seen in studies of single rocks. Future research should concentrate on elucidating local variations and integrating these with the interpretation of geophysical signals. Global concepts such as average sediment compositions and a uniform mantle oxidation state are not appropriate for small-scale processes; an increased focus on local variations will help to refine carbon budget models.
Surface-phonon-polariton-enhanced photoinduced dipole force for nanoscale infrared imaging
Authors: Li Jian , Jahng Junghoon , Ma Xuezhi , Liang Jing , Zhang Xue , Min Qianhao , Wang Xiao-Liang , Chen Shuangjun , Lee Eun Seong , Xia Xing-Hua 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The photoinduced dipole force (PiDF) is an attractive force arising from the Coulombic interaction between the light-induced dipoles on the illuminated tip and the sample. It shows extreme sample-tip distance and refractive index dependence, which is promising for nanoscale infrared (IR) imaging of ultrathin samples. However, the existence of PiDF in the mid-IR region has not been experimentally demonstrated due to the coexistence of photoinduced thermal force (PiTF), typically one to two orders of magnitude higher than PiDF. In this study, we demonstrate that, with the assistance of surface phonon polaritons, the PiDF of c-quartz can be enhanced to surpass its PiTF, enabling a clear observation of PiDF spectra reflecting the properties of the real part of permittivity. Leveraging the detection of the PiDF of phonon polaritonic substrate, we propose a strategy to enhance the sensitivity and contrast of photoinduced force responses in transmission images, facilitating the precise differentiation of the heterogeneous distribution of ultrathin samples.