bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Complexation Behavior of Heterocyclic Hydrazones. II. Effects of Steric Factors on Formation Constants for Nickel(II) Complexes with Heterocyclic Hydrazones
Authors: Taya Toshiki , Mukouyama Yukinobu , Doi Kunio , Otomo Makoto 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The equilibria of nickel(II) ion with thirteen nitrogen-heterocyclic hydrazones (neutral form: HL) with and without blocking group(s) have been investigated spectrophotometrically in 28% aqueous dioxane solution at 25 °C and an ionic strength of 0.2 (KCl). For a series of 2-pyridinecarbaldehyde 5-substituted-2-pyridylhydrazones, the following linear free energy relationships (LFER) were derived between the overall formation constants, β1, β1′, and β2, of Ni(HL)2+, NiL+, and Ni(HL)22+ complexes, respectively, and the dissociation constants, Ka1 and Ka2, of H3L2+ and H2L+, respectively: log β1 = 0.95 (pKa1 + pKa2)/2 + 4.60, 1/2 log β2 = 0.95 × (pKa1 + pKa2)/2 + 4.82, and log β1′ = 1.40 (pKa1 + pKa2)/2 + 9.73.
The steric effects of the 6-methyl group in pyridine and the quinolyl ring in place of pyridyl group on the complex formation were evaluated on the basis of LFER. The complex stabilization effect of the pyridyl group substituted for formyl hydrogen was also evaluated for Ni(HL)22+, Ni(HL)2+, and NiL+ complexes. These results together with LFER were discussed in conjunction with the thermodynamic parameters for the formation of Ni(HL)2+ complex and the ligand field parameters, Dq, for Ni(HL)2+ and Ni(HL)22+ complexes.
Photoproduction and Quenching of Hydrated Electrons from Dissolved Organic Matter in Natural Waters
Authors: Kumamoto Yu-ichiro , Wang Jian , Fujiwara Kitao 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Laser photolysis was used to investigate the production and quenching of hydrated electrons formed after absorption of 355 nm light by dissolved organic matter (DOM) in natural waters. Correlation between the hydrated electrons generated and dissolved organic carbon in seawaters was found. The DOM in land waters ejected more hydrated electrons than seawater DOM did. Land waters contained much natural fluorescent organic matter, so the DOM in the land waters was rich in photochemically sensitive chromophores. Quenching of the hydrated electrons by the inorganic ions, nitrite, nitrate, Cd2+, Ni2+, Co2+, and [Co(NH3)6]3+ were investigated by a first-order function and the Stern–Volmer model. With the former, the quenching rate constants were 10−9 to 10−10 dm3 mol−1 s−1, which was close to reported values. No regional differences were found among the seawater samples. This result suggested similar quenching mechanisms for hydrated electrons generated in the different seawaters. With the Stern–Volmer model, primary quenching was estimated. Quenching studies of land waters suggested that DOM had an aggregate nature in such waters.
Novel Synthesis of Mercaptopurine and Pentaaza-as-Indacene Analogues: Reaction of [Bis(methylthio)methylene]malononitrile and Ethyl 2-Cyano-3,3-bis(methylthio)acrylate with 5-Aminopyrazoles
Authors: Elgemeie Galal Eldin Hamza , El-Ezbawy Samia E , Ali Hosny A , Mansour Abdel-Kader 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A novel synthesis of 7-methylthiopyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines via reaction of [bis(methylthio)methylene]malononitrile and ethyl 2-cyano-3,3-bis(methylthio)acrylate with 5-aminopyrazoles is reported and the synthetic potential of the method is demonstrated.
Footprint Catalysis. IX. Molecular Footprint Catalytic Cavities Imprinted with Chiral Hydantoins; Enantioselective Hydantoinase Mimics
Authors: Matsuishi Tamae , Shimada Toyoshi , Morihara Kensaku 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Imprinting using chiral 5-phenyhydantoins ((5R)- and (5S)-5-pheny-2,4-imidazolinedione) as templates could mark chiral molecular footprint-like cavities on a silica (alumina) gel surface. These cavities displayed evident enantioselective catalyses in reactions of (R)- and (S)-N-carboxyphenylglycine anhydrides, and (R)- and (S)-5-phenylhydantoins with 2,4-dinitrophenolate, respectively. A proposed mechanism and temperature effects on catalysis suggested that the enantioselectivities depended on the binding step of the catalysis.
Positional Reactivity of Acylpolymethylbenzenes in Electrophilic Substitution
Authors: Matsuura Kazunori , Kimura Yasuo , Takahashi Hisakazu , Morita Toshio , Takahashi Ichiro , Kitajima Hidehiko , Keumi Takashi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Friedel–Crafts acylation, bromination, deuteration, and nitration of acetylpentamethylbenzene (APMB), 1-acetyl-2,3,4,6-tetramethylbenzene (ATMB), and 1-benzoyl-2,3,4,6-tetramethylbenzene (BTMB) and the resulting product distributions were investigated. Friedel–Crafts acylation, bromination, and deuteration of APMB and Friedel–Crafts acylation of ATMB gave deacetylation-substitution products. On the other hand, bromination and deuteration of ATMB (or BTMB) and Friedel–Crafts acylation of BTMB gave 5-substituted products. In both cases, the positional reactivities were in accordance with the relative σ-complex stability. Conversely, except for Friedel–Crafts-type nitration, the positional reactivities in the nitration of these substrates were strikingly different from those of the above three reactions. Thus, side-chain functionalization at the 6-methyl group occurred in nitration with fuming nitric acid, depending on the solvents in use. The MNDO calculations and the reaction of APMB with single-electron transfer reagents such as tetranitromethane-hν or cerium(IV) ammonium nitrate suggest that the product distribution in nitration can be explained in terms of a single-electron transfer mechanism.
Interaction between an α-Helical Polypeptide Containing Side-Chain Pyridyl Groups and Poly(4-vinylpyridine) in the Ternary Cu2+ Ion Complex
Authors: Nagata Yoshitomo , Kinoshita Takatoshi , Takizawa Akira , Tsujita Yoshiharu , Yoshimizu Hiroaki 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Interaction between a Cu2+-α-helical polypeptide containing side-chain pyridyl groups, poly(Nω-2-pyridylmethyl-l-glutamine) (P2PG), and poly(4-vinylpyridine) (P4VP) as a macromolecular guest was investigated by absorption and circular dichroism spectroscopies in 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol solutions. P4VP was added to the Cu2+-one pyridyl side chain complex system prepared in advance. One or two P4VP nitrogens could bind to the remaining coordination sites of the Cu2+ ion in the host system, yielding ternary Cu2+ complexes. The circular dichroism spectra of Cu2+-P2PG with P4VP indicated that P4VP might bind to the α-helix of P2PG in such a manner as to form a left-handed superhelix around the α-helical core resulting from the formation of ternary Cu2+ complexes. The structure of the interpolymer complex system was also investigated by a monolayer method. The surface pressure–area isotherm of a Cu2+-P2PG-P4VP monolayer and its hysteresis supported the formation of the supramolecular structure suggested by the spectroscopic methods.
Synthesis and Properties of a Bisdehydro[14]annuleno[c]furan and an Ortho-Annelated Tetrakisdehydro[14]annuleno[14]annulene
Authors: Iyoda Masahiko , Nakagawa Tsutomu , Ebe Hajime , Oda Masaji , Nakagawa Masazumi , Yamamoto Koji , Higuchi Hiroyuki , Ojima Juro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A bisdehydro[14]annuleno[c]furan and a tetrakisdehydro[14]annuleno[14]annulene have been synthesized; their properties and effects of annelation on annulene rings are discussed on the basis of 1H NMR and electronic spectra. Attempts to synthesize the related [14]annuleno[16]annuleno[14]annulene are also described.
Calixarene-Catalyzed Generation of Dichlorocarbene and Its Application to Organic Reactions: The Catalytic Action of Octopus-Type Calix[6]arene
Authors: Nomura Eisaku , Taniguchi Hisaji , Otsuji Yoshio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The dichlorocarbene generation reaction from CHCl3 and solid KOH in CH2Cl2 was catalyzed by the p-t-butylcalix[6]arene derivative 1 which bears six 3,6,9-trioxadecyl substituents on the phenolic oxygens. Dichlorocarbene generated by this method reacted efficiently with alkenes and amides to give dichlorocyclopropane derivatives and nitriles, respectively, in high yields. The reaction with alkadiene having isolated double bonds gave mixtures of the mono- and bis-dichlorocarbene adducts, but the monoadduct formation always predominated. The catalytic action of the calixarene and the reactivity features of dichlorocarbene generated by the above procedure are discussed on the basis of kinetic measurements. They are also compared with those of the 18-crown-6-catalyzed reactions.
Electrocatalytic Epoxidation of Cyclohexene by Manganese(III) Porphyrin Using Electron Mediator
Authors: Suzuki Yoshihiro , Koseki Yoshiyuki , Takahashi Kohshin , Matsui Syuichi , Komura Teruhisa 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
For an electrocatalytic oxidation of cyclohexene in an air-equilibrated acetonitrile solution containing (5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrinato)manganese(III) as a catalyst, benzoic anhydride as an acylating reagent and 1-methylimidazole as a ligand to Mn porphyrin, the addition of the compounds such as Methylene Blue, Safranine-T, and viologens promotes the production of cyclohexene oxide. The result implies that these compounds act effectively as mediators for the electron transfer from electrode to Mn porphyrin because they have more negative reduction potential than Mn porphyrin. The faradaic efficiency reaches about 100% by the use of benzylviologen under an optimum condition. But, in the presence of methylene blue, the maximum faradaic efficiency gives low values of about 30%. On the other hand, cyclohexene oxide is also produced by the use of zinc powder as a reductant, but the utilization efficiency of zinc gives relatively low values of 30—40% regardless of the kind of the mediator. This result is ascribed to the irreversible reduction of the mediator and the direct reaction of oxomanganese complex, which is an intermediate in this epoxidation reaction, with zinc powder.
Evaporation and Condensation as a Unimolecular Chemical Reaction: Does the Potential Barrier Exist at a Molecular Liquid Surface ?
Authors: Yasuoka Kenji , Matsumoto Mitsuhiro , Kataoka Yosuke 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A particle insertion method is applied to investigate the local chemical potential near a liquid free surface of argon and methanol. Although methanol has a significant ordering of molecular orientation, the chemical potential is constant for both cases, which is contrary to the prediction of a transition state theory.
Packing State and Stability of Self-Assembled Monolayers of 11-Ferrocenyl-1-undecanethiol on Platinum Electrodes
Authors: Shimazu Katsuaki , Sato Yukari , Yagi Ichizo , Uosaki Kohei 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Self-assembled monolayers of 11-ferrocenyl-1-undecanethiol on Pt have been characterized with an electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Well-packed monolayers were defect-free, but less compact than on Au. The high affinity of Pt for oxygen made the monolayer relatively unstable compared with monolayers on Au.
Dimer of S-100 Proteins
Authors: Matsuda Sadayuki 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The association of the S-100 protein was studied by the HPLC of gel filtration in the presence of 0.5 mM Zn2+. To avoid any association of the proteins, it was necessary for the dissoving buffer to contain urea of 6 M concentration. This conclusion was confirmed by fluorescence measurements of S-100a.a′.
Creating Change Agents
Authors: Marcus Marianne T. , Brown Richard L. , Straussner S. Lala A. , Schoener Eugene , Henry Rebecca , Graham Antonnette V. , Madden Theresa , Saunders Laura A. 
Published: July 2006

Objective This study evaluated the effects of a national interdisciplinary faculty development program, Project MAINSTREAM, on creating curriculum enhancement in health professional education. Method Thirty-nine faculty completed a two-year, part-time fellowship program featuring interdisciplinary collaboration, mentoring, training meetings, and Internet-based instructional materials. The main vehicle for curricular change was a required collaborative education project to develop trainees’ core competencies in substance abuse prevention services. Results Fellows used a variety of approaches to implement 123 curricula and provide 66,995 hours of training to 10,170 trainees. Ninety percent of the training hours occurred in required courses, a potential indication of sustainability. Fellows indicated that a majority of the offerings would be sustained beyond the fellowship. Conclusion Project Mainstream shows promise as a model for achieving durable curriculum change in response to the public health crisis associated with a workforce untrained to deliver substance abuse services.
Comparison of the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease and Cockcroft–Gault Equations for Antimicrobial Dosage Adjustments
Authors: Wargo Kurt A , Eiland Edward H , Hamm Wayne , English Thomas M , Phillippe Haley M 
Published: July 2006

Background: Direct measurement of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is considered to be the most accurate method of assessing kidney function, albeit difficult and costly. With the derivation of the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) equation to estimate GFR in patients with chronic kidney disease, questions exist as to whether this method should be preferred over the Cockcroft–Gault (CG) equation when making dosage adjustments for renally eliminated antimicrobials. Objective: To determine whether a difference exists when making antimicrobial dosage adjustments in patients with chronic kidney disease based on estimation of GFR using the MDRD and CG equations. Methods: We conducted an observational analysis of 409 patients with chronic kidney disease who were admitted to a tertiary care facility with an inpatient dialysis center and nephrology unit. GFR was calculated using both the 4- or 6-variable MDRD equation and the CG equation and compared using correlation and Bland–Altman methodology. Dosage discordance rates of the selected antimicrobials were determined on the basis of manufacturer renal dose recommendations. Results: Average ± SD GFR for all patients using the CG equation was 34.8 ± 12 mL/min and, using the MDRD equation, was 40.2 ± 12 mL/min (absolute mean difference 5.40; 95% CI 4.66 to 6.15; p < 0.001). The correlation coefficient between the 2 estimations, among all patients, was excellent (r=0.80). The Bland–Altman plot yielded limits of agreement of -9.8 and 20.6; thus, the MDRD estimation may range from 9.8 mL/min below to 20.6 mL/min above the CG estimation for 95% of the cases. A discordance rate of 21–37% (p < 0.001) existed among the recommended dosing adjustments of the selected antimicrobials. Conclusions: This analysis demonstrated statistically significant differences between the CG and MDRD equations, resulting in different dosing recommendations in 21–37% of patients. The clinical significance of these differences is uncertain in the absence of data regarding clinical outcomes that would result from the use of the discordant doses.
Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors in Raynaud's Phenomenon
Authors: Levien Terri L 
Published: July 2006

Objective: TO evaluate the efficacy of the phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitors in the treatment of Raynaud's phenomenon. Data Sources: Searches of MEDLINE (1966–March 2006) and Web of Science (1980–March 2006) were conducted; search terms were sildenafil, tadalafil, vardenafil, phosphodiesterase, and Raynaud. Studies and case reports published in English were retrieved. Additional references were identified in bibliographic reviews. Data Synthesis: Several small studies and a number of case reports have described the use of PDE5 inhibitors in patients with either primary or secondary Raynaud's phenomenon. The data from the best designed study show a reduced attack frequency and duration, reduced Raynaud Condition Score, and increased capillary blood flow in patients with secondary Raynaud's phenomenon. Conclusions: Available evidence suggests that sildenafil may be associated with improved microcirculation, symptomatic relief, and ulcer healing in patients with secondary Raynaud's phenomenon. Limited information suggests similar effects with tadalafil and vardenafil. Improved blood flow and clinical improvements have also been observed in some patients with primary Raynaud's phenomenon treated with PDE5 inhibitors; however, studies have yielded conflicting results.
Photobiological Information Obtained from XPA Gene‐deficient Mice†
Authors: Horio Takeshi , Miyauchi‐Hashimoto Hiroko , Kuwamoto Kazue , Yamazaki Fumikazu , Okamoto Hiroyuki 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThe XPA gene‐deficient mouse, an animal model of xeroderma pigmentosum (XP), develops enhanced photobiologic reactions including acute inflammation, immunosuppression and skin carcinogenesis, because of the defect in the excision repair of ultraviolet‐induced DNA lesions. The results strongly suggest that nuclear DNA is an important chromophore to initiate acute and chronic skin damages. The model mouse is a useful experimental animal not only to investigate the mechanisms of photosensitivity in XP, but also to study physiological photobiology in humans, because photobiologic reactions are greatly intensified in this mouse.
Chronic lymphoproliferative disorder with regulatory T‐cell phenotype
Authors: Kikuchi Tomoko , Katayama Yoshio , Kubonishi Shiro , Watanabe Toshiyuki , Watanabe Yukari , Matsuoka Ken‐ichi , Maeda Yoshinobu , Namba Noriko , Masunari Taro , Nasu Ryusuke , Ikeda Kazuma , Tanimoto Mitsune 
Published: July 2006

AbstractWe report a case of T‐cell chronic lymphoproliferative disorder (CLPD) that shows neither features of T‐cell prolymphocytic leukemia nor disease progression for more than 34months. Flow cytometric analyses of the lymphocytes revealed high expression of CD4 and CD25. Up‐regulation of Foxp3, a master regulatory gene for developmental differentiation of regulatory T cells (Treg), was confirmed at mRNA and protein levels. To our knowledge, this is the first case of extremely indolent CLPD with Treg phenotype. Am. J. Hematol., 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Is there a role for inhaled nitric oxide as a rescue therapy in respiratory failure associated with hematologic malignancies?
Authors: Keegan Mark T. , Nygren Eric , Afessa Bekele , Hogan William J. , Harrison Barry A. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractInhaled nitric oxide has been demonstrated to improve oxygenation in critically ill patients requiring mechanical ventilation. We therefore performed a retrospective review to determine the outcome of patients with hematological malignancies and acute respiratory failure who received inhaled nitric oxide (INO) in a multidisciplinary intensive care unit of a single tertiary referral medical center.Thirteen patients with hematological malignancies who required endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation and received INO for acute respiratory failure between January 1998 and December 2002 were identified. Mean ± standard deviation (SD) age was 47.6 (±13.2) years. The mean ± SD Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) III score on the day of ICU admission was 94.1 ± 33.7 with a mean (SD) predicted probability of ICU death of 42.4% (±28.6). Mean APACHE III score on the day of initiating INO was 107.6 (±34.4) with a predicted mortality in the intensive care unit of 72.7% (±23.3). Mean PaO2 to FiO2 (PF) ratios (±SD) prior to, and immediately after, the initiation of INO were 62.6 (±28.2) and 111 (±65.1), respectively (P < 0.001). The median duration of INO therapy was 41.8 h (interquartile range, 6.3–98.2). Patients with hematological malignancies and acute respiratory failure to whom INO was administered had clinical deterioration since ICU admission. Despite a marked initial improvement in arterial oxygen tension, all patients ultimately died in the intensive care unit, 8 of them within 48 h of initiating INO. Therefore, despite initial improvement in oxygenation, we did not observe any survival benefit to INO in this setting. Am. J. Hematol., 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Identification of Flt3 internal tandem duplications downstream targets by high‐throughput immunoblotting protein array system
Authors: Takahashi Shinichiro 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThe receptor tyrosine kinase Flt3 plays an important role in proliferation and survival of hematopoietic cells. Flt3 is the most frequently mutated gene (20–30%) in cases of acutemyeloid leukemia (AML). The majority of Flt3 mutations are internal tandem duplications (ITD) in the juxtamembrane domain of Flt3 receptor. This mutation results in the constitutive activation of STAT5 and Ras/mitogen‐activated protein kinase pathways, leading to the aberrant growth of AML cells. In this study, to better understand the mechanisms of Flt3‐ITD to the downstream pathways, a high‐throughput immunoblotting protein array system was employed. As a result, c‐Jun and c‐Raf were markedly induced, suggesting that these factors are functional downstream targets of Flt3‐ITD. Am. J. Hematol., 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
EBV negative Richter's syndrome from a coexistent clone after salvage treatment with alemtuzumab in a CLL patient
Authors: Janssens Ann , Berth Mario , De Paepe Pascale , Verhasselt Bruno , Van Roy Nadine , Noens Lucien , Philippé Jan , Offner Fritz 
Published: July 2006

AbstractTransformation of B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B‐CLL) to large cell lymphoma or Hodgkin's disease is known as a Richter's syndrome (RS). According to the literature, 1–10% of B‐CLL patients develop this high‐grade lymphoid malignancy. The relationship between the immunosuppressive effect of nucleoside analogues (NA) and monoclonal antibodies and the development of large cell transformation still remains a controversial issue. We describe a CLL patient who developed a large B cell lymphoma 94 months after diagnosis and 3 months after the start of alemtuzumab. The CLL immunophenotype was retained by the transforming cells although a different light chain was expressed. Molecular analysis of the immunoglobulin heavy chain confirmed that the CLL and the RS had a different clonal origin. Subsequent molecular analyses of stored samples showed that the clone with transforming capacity already appeared two years before the clinical appearance of the RS. We hypothesize that alemtuzumab promoted the uncontrolled growth of the latest clone by eradicating the initial B‐CLL clone efficiently, and by inducing a strong T cell depletion with consequent impairment of the immunosurveillance. We also ruled out that the RS was EBV driven. In conclusion, we report a case of EBV negative RS after alemtuzumab as salvage therapy. Am. J. Hematol., 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An efficient chemical method to generate repetitive sequences depleted DNA probes
Authors: Lucas Joe N. , Wu Xiaoyan , Guo Emily , Chi Loretta E. , Chen Zhong 
Published: July 2006

AbstractWe describe an efficient method to remove repetitive sequences from DNA of microdissected whole chromosomes, chromosome arms, locus specific probes, and specific bands. The chemical approach described removes human repetitive DNA sequences from a source DNA, eliminating the need for blocking such sequences when the source DNA used as a probe is hybridized with a target DNA. It employs subtracting hybridized biotin‐labeled repetitive‐sequence DNA complex with phenol and chloroform after incubation of hybridized products with avidin. The method produces unique products that are formed after such repetitive sequences have been removed from the DNA. We have applied our newly designed subtraction strategy to microdissected chromosomes in generating whole chromosome painting (e.g., chromosome 4), chromosome arm (e.g., 1q and 15q), and band (e.g., 3q26) specific probes, and we have demonstrated its utility using flow‐sorted chromosome. FISH analyses using these probes show consistent strong signals with no cross‐hybridization, and optimal hybridization results can be obtained relatively quickly. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.