bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Die Relevanz pluraler epistemischer Autoritäten für unsere epistemische Praxis und ihre Priorität gegenüber individuellen Autoritäten
Authors: Hauswald Rico 
Published: March 2024

ZusammenfassungIch möchte in diesem Kapitel noch einmal verschiedene bis hierhin entwickelte Argumentationsstränge zusammenführen und die These verteidigen, dass sich die Relevanz pluraler epistemischer Autoritäten für unsere epistemische Praxis daher ergibt, dass die epistemische Autorität von Pluralitäten in mehreren interessanten Hinsichten prioritär gegenüber der von Einzelindividuen ist. Sie ist erstens prioritär in dem Sinne, dass plurale epistemische Autoritäten häufig zuverlässigere und bessere epistemische Quellen sind als individuelle Autoritäten. Zweitens ist sie prioritär in dem Sinne, dass das epistemische Vertrauen in Einzelindividuen in paradigmatischen Fällen derivativ zum epistemischen Vertrauen in jene Pluralitäten ist, deren Mitglieder sie sind, so dass ein Subjekt, auch wenn es sich epistemisch auf eine individuelle Autorität stützt, implizit ein gewisses Vertrauen in eine plurale epistemische Autorität haben muss.
Zusammenfassung
Authors: Hauswald Rico 
Published: March 2024

ZusammenfassungIch habe zu zeigen versucht, dass plurale epistemische Autoritäten gegenüber individuellen typischerweise in mehreren Hinsichten eine gewisse Priorität besitzen. Zwar ist es nicht immer möglich, sich auf eine plurale epistemische Autorität zu stützen. Wenn es etwa darum geht, ein ganz konkretes, individuelles Problem zu lösen, wofür bestimmende Urteilskraft seitens der Autorität nötig ist, braucht es direkte Kommunikation mit der Autorität, was häufig nicht oder nur schwer möglich ist, wenn es sich bei der Autorität um eine plurale handelt.
Analyse I: Die vakzinologische und die impfkritische Gemeinschaft als Kandidaten für plurale epistemische Autoritäten
Authors: Hauswald Rico 
Published: March 2024

ZusammenfassungZur besseren Veranschaulichung dessen, was es heißt, sich auf plurale epistemische Autoritäten zu stützen, aber auch um den einen oder anderen bislang nicht hinreichend beleuchteten systematischen Punkt noch genauer herauszuarbeiten, möchte ich in diesem vierten Teil zwei etwas ausführlichere exemplarische Analysen in Auseinandersetzung mit ganz konkreten Fragen und konkretem Material durchführen. Dazu werde ich im nächsten Kapitel auf die Corona-Krise zu sprechen kommen und in diesem Kapitel zunächst noch einmal den in der Einleitung angesprochenen Fall der Eltern aufgreifen, die vor der Entscheidung stehen, ob und in welcher Form sie ihr Kind gegen klassische Kinderkrankheiten impfen lassen sollten.
Das Deferenzproblem: Wie sollte man sich epistemischen Autoritäten gegenüber verhalten?
Authors: Hauswald Rico 
Published: March 2024

ZusammenfassungSollte das Subjekt es im Hinblick auf eine für es relevante Proposition p geschafft haben, eine einschlägige epistemische Autorität und deren Überzeugung bezüglich p korrekt zu identifizieren, so sind damit noch keineswegs alle epistemischen Schwierigkeiten beseitigt. Denn es fragt sich, wie genau es sich der Autorität bzw. deren p-Überzeugung gegenüber verhalten sollte. Es dürfte zwar wahrscheinlich relativ unstrittig sein, dass zumindest in typischen Situationen ein gewisses Maß an Deferenz gegenüber der Autorität für das Subjekt rationalerweise geboten ist.
Verstehens-Autorität
Authors: Hauswald Rico 
Published: March 2024

ZusammenfassungIch hatte in Abschnitt 6.3 dafür argumentiert, dass sich der Begriff einer epistemischen Autorität auf den Begriff epistemischer Superiorität zurückführen lässt, und ferner, dass epistemische Superiorität unterschiedliche Formen annehmen und unterschiedliche Dimensionen oder epistemische Güter betreffen kann. Bislang habe ich mich in erster Linie auf epistemische Superiorität im Hinblick auf die Kenntnis propositionaler Wahrheiten konzentriert. Die eine epistemische Autorität auszeichnende Superiorität kann aber auch darin bestehen, dass die Autorität die fragliche Domäne hinreichend besser versteht als das Subjekt, für das sie eine Autorität ist.
Eight Propositions About Scale-ups
Authors: Coad Alex , Bornhäll Anders , Daunfeldt Sven-Olov , McKelvie Alexander 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis chapter pushes further in our investigation of the nature of scale-ups by introducing the following eight propositions about scale-ups: (1) a scale up is a concept born of practitioners, not academics; (2) scale-ups are not just in the IT sector, but may be enabled by IT; (3) a scale-up is a qualitative concept from a ‘stages-of-growth’ model; (4) scaling up involves structural transformation; (5) a scale-up does not exist anywhere in a pure form; (6) scale-ups differ by degree, not by kind; (7) many scale-ups are exceptions; and (8) there may never be a standardized empirical definition of scale-up. Each of these eight propositions was either not clear, or was misunderstood, in some previous work.
In Search of Scale-ups: Empirical Analysis
Authors: Coad Alex , Bornhäll Anders , Daunfeldt Sven-Olov , McKelvie Alexander 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis chapter takes our empirical definition of scale-up to the data: Swedish register data on over 700,000 firms for the period 1997–2001. 1.28% of firms meet the HGF criteria. Among these HGFs, it is rare for a firm to satisfy all 7 scale-up conditions (in line with the idea of ‘too many exceptions’). 25.89% of HGFs satisfy 5 or more of the 7 conditions for scale-ups, while 60.75% of HGFs satisfy 4 out of 7 conditions. Our analysis highlighted how missing values can cause problems when investigating which HGFs are scale-ups.
Singular solutions of semilinear elliptic equations with supercritical growth on Riemannian manifolds
Authors: Hasegawa Shoichi 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we shall discuss singular solutions of semilinear elliptic equations with general supercritical growth on spherically symmetric Riemannian manifolds. More precisely, we shall prove the existence, uniqueness and asymptotic behavior of the singular radial solution, and also show that regular radial solutions converges to the singular solution. In particular, we shall provide these properties on spherically symmetric Riemannian manifolds including the hyperbolic space as well as the sphere.
Nichtvirale Infektionen der Leber
Authors: Deibel A. , Müllhaupt B. 
Published: March 2024

ZusammenfassungDie nichtviralen Infektionen der Leber sind verglichen mit den viralen Entitäten selten bis sehr selten. Sie können durch verschiedenste Bakterien, Helminthen, Protozoen und Pilze verursacht werden, bei denen es oft im Rahmen der Dissemination zu einer Leberbeteiligung kommt. Einige dieser Infektionen betreffen insbesondere immunsupprimierte Personen, andere müssen vor allem nach Reisen in tropische Länder in die differenzialdiagnostischen Überlegungen einbezogen werden. Erfolgt die Infektion durch orale Aufnahme von Eiern, wie etwa bei der zystischen und alveolären Echinokokkose, ist die Leber oft das am häufigsten betroffene Organ. Aufgrund der Vielzahl nichtviraler Leberinfektionen und ihrer unterschiedlichen klinischen Manifestationen ist eine umfassende Diskussion aller potenziellen Erreger und ihrer Auswirkungen im Rahmen dieser Arbeit nicht möglich. Daher können in diesem Kontext nur einige wenige Erkrankungen detaillierter besprochen werden.
Optimization of shot-peening parameters for steel AISI 316L via response surface methodology (RSM): introducing two novel mechanical aspects
Authors: Ebrahimzadeh Pejman , Martínez Luis Borja Peral , Pariente Inés Fernández , Varela Francisco Javier Belzunce 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe study explores the application of shot-peening (SP) on AISI 316L stainless steel to enhance mechanical properties. It focuses on optimizing SP parameters—coverage percentage (C) ranging from 100 to 4500% and shot velocity (P) between 1.5 and 6 bar while other SP factors were maintained constant—using response surface methodology (RSM) entails creating a mathematical model to analyze data accurately. This model explores interactions among initial configurations to optimize mechanical properties and enhance the performance of the current steel after the SP surface treatment. These properties evaluated include cumulative compressive residual stress (CCRS), cumulative full-width at half-maximum (CFWHM) newfangled factors for researchers to analyze, austenite transformation to martensite, micro-hardness, and surface roughness. Through the RSM model, increasing P leads to an increase in all response values in each one, except for microhardness, which registers a minor decrease from 1.5 to 6 bar. Elevating C promotes responses, excluding roughness, decreasing until 2300% and reaching its minimum. At 4500% C, roughness peaks, exceeding the initial amount at 100% C. In the optimization section, it seeks a passable value for each parameter. Desired responses involve maximizing CCRS, CFWHM, and micro-hardness while minimizing martensite and roughness. For interactions in all responses, at P = 6 bar and C = 1860%, values for each response were CCRS = 218 (MPa.mm), CFWHM = 0.6871 (°.mm), micro-hardness = 394 (HV), martensite conversion = 48 (%), and roughness = 5.45 (µm). Response reassessment in the real tests by comparison RSM model in optimal points showed a minimum error of 4.05 for roughness and a maximum error of 12.09 for CCRS. Other responses contained errors between this spectrum.
Prediction of virus–host interactions and identification of hot spot residues of DENV-2 and SH3 domain interactions
Authors: Banik Mithila , Paudel Keshav Raj , Majumder Rajib , Idrees Sobia 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDengue virus, particularly serotype 2 (DENV-2), poses a significant global health threat, and understanding the molecular basis of its interactions with host cell proteins is imperative for developing targeted therapeutic strategies. This study elucidated the interactions between proline-enriched motifs and Src homology 3 (SH3) domain. The SH3 domain is pivotal in mediating protein–protein interactions, particularly by recognizing and binding to proline-rich regions in partner proteins. Through a computational pipeline, we analyzed the interactions and binding modes of proline-enriched motifs with SH3 domains, identified new potential DENV-2 interactions with the SH3 domain, and revealed potential hot spot residues, underscoring their significance in the viral life cycle. This comprehensive analysis provides crucial insights into the molecular basis of DENV-2 infection, highlighting conserved and serotype-specific interactions. The identified hot spot residues offer potential targets for therapeutic intervention, laying the foundation for developing antiviral strategies against Dengue virus infection. These findings contribute to the broader understanding of viral–host interactions and provide a roadmap for future research on Dengue virus pathogenesis and treatment.
Comparing accuracy in guided endodontics: dynamic real-time navigation, static guides, and manual approaches for access cavity preparation – an in vitro study using 3D printed teeth
Authors: Huth Karin Christine , Borkowski Lukas , Liebermann Anja , Berlinghoff Frank , Hickel Reinhard , Schwendicke Falk , Reymus Marcel 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Objectives
To assess root canal localization accuracy using a dynamic approach, surgical guides and freehand technique in vitro.

Materials and methods
Access cavities were prepared for 4 different 3D printed tooth types by 4 operators (n = 144). Deviations from the planning in angle and bur positioning were compared and operating time as well as tooth substance loss were evaluated (Kruskal-Wallis Test, ANOVA). Operating method, tooth type, and operator effects were analyzed (partial eta-squared statistic).

Results
Angle deviation varied significantly between the operating methods (p < .0001): freehand (9.53 ± 6.36°), dynamic (2.82 ± 1.8°) and static navigation (1.12 ± 0.85°). The highest effect size was calculated for operating method (ηP²=0.524), followed by tooth type (0.364), and operator (0.08). Regarding deviation of bur base and tip localization no significant difference was found between the methods. Operating method mainly influenced both parameters (ηP²=0.471, 0.379) with minor effects of tooth type (0.157) and operator. Freehand technique caused most substance loss (p < .001), dynamic navigation least (p < .0001). Operating time was the shortest for freehand followed by static and dynamic navigation.

Conclusions
Guided endodontic access may aid in precise root canal localization and save tooth structure.

Clinical relevance
Although guided endodontic access preparation may require more time compared to the freehand technique, the guided navigation is more accurate and saves tooth structure.
Checklist for Reproducibility of Deep Learning in Medical Imaging
Authors: Moassefi Mana , Singh Yashbir , Conte Gian Marco , Khosravi Bardia , Rouzrokh Pouria , Vahdati Sanaz , Safdar Nabile , Moy Linda , Kitamura Felipe , Gentili Amilcare , Lakhani Paras , Kottler Nina , Halabi Safwan S. , Yacoub Joseph H. , Hou Yuankai , Younis Khaled , Erickson Bradley J. , Krupinski Elizabeth , Faghani Shahriar 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe application of deep learning (DL) in medicine introduces transformative tools with the potential to enhance prognosis, diagnosis, and treatment planning. However, ensuring transparent documentation is essential for researchers to enhance reproducibility and refine techniques. Our study addresses the unique challenges presented by DL in medical imaging by developing a comprehensive checklist using the Delphi method to enhance reproducibility and reliability in this dynamic field. We compiled a preliminary checklist based on a comprehensive review of existing checklists and relevant literature. A panel of 11 experts in medical imaging and DL assessed these items using Likert scales, with two survey rounds to refine responses and gauge consensus. We also employed the content validity ratio with a cutoff of 0.59 to determine item face and content validity. Round 1 included a 27-item questionnaire, with 12 items demonstrating high consensus for face and content validity that were then left out of round 2. Round 2 involved refining the checklist, resulting in an additional 17 items. In the last round, 3 items were deemed non-essential or infeasible, while 2 newly suggested items received unanimous agreement for inclusion, resulting in a final 26-item DL model reporting checklist derived from the Delphi process. The 26-item checklist facilitates the reproducible reporting of DL tools and enables scientists to replicate the study’s results.
Artifact reduction in photoacoustic images by generating virtual dense array sensor from hemispheric sparse array sensor using deep learning
Authors: Yamakawa Makoto , Shiina Tsuyoshi 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Vascular distribution is important information for diagnosing diseases and supporting surgery. Photoacoustic imaging is a technology that can image blood vessels noninvasively and with high resolution. In photoacoustic imaging, a hemispherical array sensor is especially suitable for measuring blood vessels running in various directions. However, as a hemispherical array sensor, a sparse array sensor is often used due to technical and cost issues, which causes artifacts in photoacoustic images. Therefore, in this study, we reduce these artifacts using deep learning technology to generate signals of virtual dense array sensors.

Methods
Generating 2D virtual array sensor signals using a 3D convolutional neural network (CNN) requires huge computational costs and is impractical. Therefore, we installed virtual sensors between the real sensors along the spiral pattern in three different directions and used a 2D CNN to generate signals of the virtual sensors in each direction. Then we reconstructed a photoacoustic image using the signals from both the real sensors and the virtual sensors.

Results
We evaluated the proposed method using simulation data and human palm measurement data. We found that these artifacts were significantly reduced in the images reconstructed using the proposed method, while the artifacts were strong in the images obtained only from the real sensor signals.

Conclusion
Using the proposed method, we were able to significantly reduce artifacts, and as a result, it became possible to recognize deep blood vessels. In addition, the processing time of the proposed method was sufficiently applicable to clinical measurement.
Enduring relief or fleeting respite? Bitcoin as a hedge and safe haven for the US dollar
Authors: Conlon Thomas , Corbet Shaen , McGee Richard 
Published: March 2024

AbstractCan technology protect investors from extreme losses? This paper investigates the short- and long-run hedging and safe haven properties of Bitcoin for the US dollar over the period 2010–2023, incorporating the COVID-19-related market turmoil. Our findings reveal that (i) Bitcoin acts as a strong hedge for all US dollar currency pairs examined, (ii) Bitcoin functions as a weak safe haven for the US dollar at short investment horizons, as indicated by a limited relationship during acute negative price movements, (iii) Bitcoin, instead of acting as a safe haven may, instead, increase aggregate risk at long horizons during periods of extreme losses. The analysis, performed using a series of horizon-dependent econometric tests, provides evidence of some US dollar risk-reduction benefits from Bitcoin but limited potential for enduring relief from long-run extreme negative US dollar rate movements.
A Mixed-Method Analysis of the News Media Framing of Gender Non-Conforming Victims of Homicide in the U.S. from 2012 to 2022
Authors: Avalos Susana , Jackey Hayley , Wickel Iyan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractRecent analyses of transgender homicide victims find that the news media often uses improper terminology, delegitimizes, and victim blames them. These analyses, while insightful, are limited as they have largely analyzed cases involving trans women and trans feminine individuals. The present study employs a mixed-method approach to analyze news media articles (N = 88) published in U.S. online news media outlets about 17 gender non-conforming victims killed between 2012 and 2022. We found that most articles did not delegitimize or victim blame. However, we find (1) victim blaming occurred when reporting on cases of officer-involved shootings, (2) certain victims receive more coverage and support, (3) confusion about terminology when discussing the gender of victims, and (4) episodic framing of transphobic violence. Implications and potential areas of research and practice are provided to address, challenge, increase, and improve news media reporting of these victims.
Fostering engaging online learning experiences: Investigating situational interest and mind-wandering as mediators through learning experience design
Authors: Wong Joseph T. , Chen Edward , Au-Yeung Natalie , Lerner Bella S , Richland Lindsey Engle 
Published: March 2024

AbstractTraditionally, learning among young students has taken place within structured, physical classroom settings. However, the emergence of distance learning has introduced a diverse range of learning methods, including online, hybrid, and blended approaches. When the COVID-19 pandemic led to extended delays in in-person instruction, use of educational technologies such as asynchronous videos and online platforms were deployed to deliver mathematics curricula aligned with the Common Core State Standards (CCSS), though best practices for teaching mathematics asynchronously are not well studied. This study focuses on exploring the effectiveness of a math course on proportional reasoning that was co-designed, developed, and deployed in 5th and 6th grade Orange County classrooms. Examining the learning experience design (LXD) paradigm, this research focuses on discerning its influence on (n = 303) children's engagement during their involvement in an online, video-based math course. LXD is implemented by combining evidence-based pedagogical instructional design with human-centered user experience (UX) design. The study utilized a structural equation model to analyze the relationships between learners' user experiences, situational interest, mind-wandering, and online engagement. The results demonstrated significant direct effects between students' situational interest, user experience, and their level of online engagement. Findings also indicate that students' situational interest and mind-wandering significantly mediate the relationship between their user experiences and online engagement. These results have important theoretical and practical implications for researchers, designers, and instructors. By combining evidenced-based pedagogical learning design with human-centered user experience design, LX designers can promote situational interest, reduce mind-wandering, and increase engagement in elementary mathematics courses conducted in asynchronous online settings.
In service of school digitalisation in Sweden – a study on ICT coordinators’ conditions for work in a local municipal context framed by national educational policy
Authors: Gustafsson Ulrika , Olofsson Anders D. , Bergström Peter 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe aim of this study was to explore, analyse, and critically discuss conditions for Swedish ICT coordinators working on school digitalisation in a local municipal school context. More specifically, the study draws on findings from interviews with 13 Swedish information and communication technology (ICT) coordinators working in eight municipalities that have adopted two contrasting approaches to school digitalisation. One is a general approach with a strong element of individual within-school accountability in the work, and the other a specific approach in which such work is addressed more as an organisational process with involvement of municipal governing officials. Findings show that the two approaches set different conditions in terms of how and with whom the ICT coordinators work and the foci of their efforts although both are framed by the same national educational policy. A conclusion is that the ICT coordinators’ role, function, and responsibility should be considered in parity to the level of support, in-school resources, and mandate given to them, not least when organisational instability and reorganisations hamper the work in progress.
A genetic programming approach to the automated design of CNN models for image classification and video shorts creation
Authors: Kapoor Rahul , Pillay Nelishia 
Published: March 2024

AbstractNeural architecture search (NAS) is a rapidly growing field which focuses on the automated design of neural network architectures. Genetic algorithms (GAs) have been predominantly used for evolving neural network architectures. Genetic programming (GP), a variation of GAs that work in the program space rather than a solution space, has not been as well researched for NAS. This paper aims to contribute to the research into GP for NAS. Previous research in this field can be divided into two categories. In the first each program represents neural networks directly or components and parameters of neural networks. In the second category each program is a set of instructions, which when executed, produces a neural network. This study focuses on this second category which has not been well researched. Previous work has used grammatical evolution for generating these programs. This study examines canonical GP for neural network design (GPNND) for this purpose. It also evaluates a variation of GP, iterative structure-based GP (ISBGP) for evolving these programs. The study compares the performance of GAs, GPNND and ISBGP for image classification and video shorts creation. Both GPNND and ISBGP were found to outperform GAs, with ISBGP producing better results than GPNND for both applications. Both GPNND and ISBGP produced better results than previous studies employing grammatical evolution on the CIFAR-10 dataset.