bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Lateral Meniscal Allograft Sizing on Contact Mechanics of the Lateral Tibial Plateau
Authors: Dienst Michael , Greis Patrick E. , Ellis Benjamin J. , Bachus Kent N. , Burks Robert T. 
Published: August 2006

Background A mismatch of the original lateral meniscus and a lateral meniscus allograft by inaccurate preoperative radiographic sizing can have significant consequences on ultimate function. Hypothesis The size of a lateral meniscal allograft affects the contact mechanics of the femoral condyle on the tibial plateau. Study Design Controlled laboratory study. Methods Four right and 2 left knees were tested as intact joints, after meniscectomy, and after replantation with the original menisci and 16 right or 9 left human, fresh-frozen lateral meniscal allografts, respectively. The allografts were allocated into 7 groups according to their outer and inner anteroposterior and mediolateral diameters. Biomechanical testing was performed as compressive loadings with constrained motions in extension and 30° of flexion. Measurements were done with Fuji pressure-sensitive films for contact parameters of the direct femorotibial and meniscotibial contact. Results Oversized lateral meniscal allografts led to greater forces across the articular cartilage, whereas undersized allografts resulted in normal forces across the articular cartilage but greater forces across the meniscus. Two undersized transplants failed. Most of the contact parameters of allografts 10% smaller or larger than the original menisci were in the range of the intact knees. The knees after meniscectomy showed greater forces of the direct femorotibial contact areas than did the intact knees and the knees with the replanted original menisci. The contact mechanics of the knees with the replanted original menisci were close to normal. Conclusion The size of a lateral meniscal allograft has a significant effect on the contact mechanics of the tibial plateau. Clinical Relevance Preoperative radiographic sizing needs to be performed precisely to identify a suitable lateral meniscal allograft. A mismatch may be the reason for failure of the allograft or subsequent development of degenerative changes. A mismatch on graft selection of less than 10% of the size of the original meniscus may be acceptable.
Patient-Controlled Analgesia after Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair
Authors: Cho Nam Su , Ha Jeong Han , Rhee Yong Girl 
Published: August 2006

Background No study has compared pain control results between patient-controlled subacromial infusion and intravenous injection after arthroscopic shoulder surgery. Hypothesis Subacromial infusion of analgesics are more effective in pain alleviation than intravenous injection. Study Design Randomized controlled clinical trial; Level of evidence, 2. Methods The authors prospectively analyzed 40 cases of arthroscopic rotator cuff repair that received patient-controlled anal-gesia. They divided the 40 cases into 2 groups: subacromial infusion group with 0.5% bupivacaine (group 1, 20 cases) and intravenous injection group with fentanyl and ketorolac tromethamine (group 2, 20 cases). The visual analog scale was used to record the patient's level of pain every 12 hours until postoperative 72 hours and the following 48 hours after the suspension of patient-controlled analgesia. Results The mean preoperative visual analog scale score during motions was 6.8 in group 1 and 5.8 in group 2. The immediate postoperative visual analog scale score was 7.6 and 7.4, respectively, for each group. At postoperative time periods, most of the scores of subacromial infusion at rest and during motions were lower than those of intravenous injection, but significant differences were not found between groups 1 and 2. Conclusion Patient-controlled analgesia after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair showed that both subacromial infusion of bupiva-caine and intravenous injection of fentanyl and ketorolac tromethamine were equally effective and clinically equivalent pain control methods.
On the thermo-elastic behaviour of kyanite: a neutron powder diffraction study up to 1200°C
Authors: Gatta G.D. , Nestola F. , Walter J.M. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe high-temperature (HT) behaviour of kyanite (Al2SiO5) was investigated byin situneutron powder diffraction up to 1200°C. Within the investigatedTrange, no phase transition was observed. The axial and volume thermal expansion coefficient (αj= lj-1(𝜕1j/𝜕T), αv= V-1(𝜕V/𝜕T)), calculated by weighted linear regression through the data points, are: αa= 5.5(2) x 10-5, αb= 5.9(2) x 10-5, αc= 5.18(8) xl0-5, αv= 7.4(1) x 10-3“C-1, with αa:αb:αc= 1.06:1.14:1. All three angles of the kyanite lattice show a slight decrease withT,with𝜕α/𝜕T =-2(2) x 10-5, 𝜕β/𝜕T = -4(1) x 10-5, 𝜕γ/𝜕T = –10(2) x 10-5%C. The magnitudes of the principal Lagrangian unit-strain coefficients (ε1,ε2, ε3) and the orientations of the thermal strain-ellipsoids, between the ambient temperature and each measuredT, were calculated. The magnitude and the orientation of all the three unit-strain coefficients are almost maintained constant withT. AtT-To=1177°C , ε^a= 76(2)°,ε^b =70(2)°, ε^c = 38(3)°, ε2^a = 49(3)°, ε2^b= 66(3)°, ε2^c= 127(4)°, ε3^a= 135(3)°, ε3^b= 31(3)°, ε3^c = 91(2)° with ε1:ε2:ε3= 1.57:1.29:1. The structural refinements, performed at 23, 600, 650, 700, 750, 800, 900, 950, 1050 and 1200°C allowed the description of the structural evolution and the main T-induced deformation mechanisms, which are mainly represented by the polyhedral distortions of the AlO6octahedra.
Kapellasite, Cu3Zn(OH)6CI2, a new mineral from Lavrion, Greece, and its crystal structure
Authors: Krause W. , Bernhardt H.-J. , Braithwaite R.S.W. , Kolitsch U. , Pritchard R. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractKapellasite, Cu3Zn(OH)6Cl2, is a new secondary mineral from the Sounion No. 19 mine, Kamariza, Lavrion, Greece. It is a polymorph of herbertsmithite. Kapellasite forms crusts and small aggregates up to 0.5 mm, composed of bladed or needle-like indistinct crystals up to 0.2 mm long. The colour is green-blue, the streak is light green-blue. There is a good cleavage parallel to ﹛0001﹜. Kapellasite is uniaxial negative, ω = 1.80(1), ε = 1.76(1); pleochroism is distinct, with E = pale green, O = green-blue. Dmeas = 3.55(10) g/cm3; Dcalc. = 3.62 g/cm3. Electron microprobe analyses of the type material gave CuO 58.86, ZnO 13.92, NiO 0.03, CoO 0.03, Fe2O3 0.04, Cl 16.70, H2O (calc.) 12.22, total 101.80, less O = Cl 3.77, total 98.03 wt.%. The empirical formula is (Cu3.24Zn0.75)Σ3.99(OH)5.94Cl2.06, based on 8 anions. The five strongest XRD lines are [d in Å (I/I0, hkl)] 5.730 (100, 001), 2.865 (11, 002), 2.730 (4, 200), 2.464 (9, 021/201), 1.976 (5, 022/202). Kapellasite is trigonal, space group Pml, unit-cell parameters (from single-crystal data) a = 6.300(1), c = 5.733(1) Å, V= 197.06(6) Å3, Z = 1. The crystal structure of kapellasite is based on brucite-like sheets parallel to (0001), built from edge-sharing distorted M(OH,Cl)6 (M = Cu, Zn) octahedra. The sheets stack directly on each other (…AAA… stacking). Bonding between adjacent sheets is only due to weak hydrogen and O…C1 bonds. The name is in honour of Christo Kapellas (1938–2004), collector and mineral dealer from Kamariza, Lavrion, Greece.
Pharmacology of airways and vessels in lung slices in situ: role of endogenous dilator hormones
Authors: Moreno L , Perez-Vizcaino F , Harrington L , Faro R , Sturton G , Barnes PJ , Mitchell JA 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
Small airway and vessels play a critical role in chronic airway and pulmonary vascular diseases, but their pharmacology has not been well characterised. We have studied airway and vascular responses in rat lung slices and separately in vitro using myography. In lung slices, under basal conditions, acetylcholine contracted airways, but had no vascular effect. The thromboxane mimetic, U46619 contracted both vessels and airways. In the presence of U46619, acetylcholine dilated vessels, but further contracted airways, an effect that was blocked by the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor L-NG-nitro-L-arginine or apamin plus charybdotoxin, which inhibit endothelial-derived hyperpolarising factor. Airway responses in lung slices were unaffected by L-NGnitro-L-arginine methyl ester, indomethacin or apamin plus charybdotoxin. By contrast, apamin plus charybdotoxin contracted bronchi studied in isolation. Our observations are the first to identify mechanisms of endothelium dependent dilations in precision cut lung slices and the potential for transverse hormonal communication between airways and vessels.
The DNA polymerase activity of Pol ε holoenzyme is required for rapid and efficient chromosomal DNA replication in Xenopus egg extracts
Authors: Shikata Koh , Sasa-Masuda Taro , Okuno Yukiko , Waga Shou , Sugino Akio 
Published: August 2006

Abstract

Background
DNA polymerase ε (Pol ε) is involved in DNA replication, repair, and cell-cycle checkpoint control in eukaryotic cells. Although the roles of replicative Pol α and Pol δ in chromosomal DNA replication are relatively well understood and well documented, the precise role of Pol ε in chromosomal DNA replication is not well understood.

Results
This study uses a Xenopus egg extract DNA replication system to further elucidate the replicative role(s) played by Pol ε. Previous studies show that the initiation timing and elongation of chromosomal DNA replication are markedly impaired in Pol ε-depleted Xenopus egg extracts, with reduced accumulation of replicative intermediates and products. This study shows that normal replication is restored by addition of Pol ε holoenzyme to Pol ε-depleted extracts, but not by addition of polymerase-deficient forms of Pol ε, including polymerase point or deletion mutants or incomplete enzyme complexes. Evidence is also provided that Pol ε holoenzyme interacts directly with GINS, Cdc45p and Cut5p, each of which plays an important role in initiation of chromosomal DNA replication in eukaryotic cells.

Conclusion
These results indicate that the DNA polymerase activity of Pol ε holoenzyme plays an essential role in normal chromosomal DNA replication in Xenopus egg extracts. These are the first biochemical data to show the DNA polymerase activity of Pol ε holoenzyme is essential for chromosomal DNA replication in higher eukaryotes, unlike in yeasts.
A novel mechanical lung model of pulmonary diseases to assist with teaching and training
Authors: Chase J Geoffrey , Yuta Toshinori , Mulligan Kerry J , Shaw Geoffrey M , Horn Beverley 
Published: August 2006

Abstract

Background
A design concept of low-cost, simple, fully mechanical model of a mechanically ventilated, passively breathing lung is developed. An example model is built to simulate a patient under mechanical ventilation with accurate volumes and compliances, while connected directly to a ventilator.

Methods
The lung is modelled with multiple units, represented by rubber bellows, with adjustable weights placed on bellows to simulate compartments of different superimposed pressure and compliance, as well as different levels of lung disease, such as Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS). The model was directly connected to a ventilator and the resulting pressure volume curves recorded.

Results
The model effectively captures the fundamental lung dynamics for a variety of conditions, and showed the effects of different ventilator settings. It was particularly effective at showing the impact of Positive End Expiratory Pressure (PEEP) therapy on lung recruitment to improve oxygenation, a particulary difficult dynamic to capture.

Conclusion
Application of PEEP therapy is difficult to teach and demonstrate clearly. Therefore, the model provide opportunity to train, teach, and aid further understanding of lung mechanics and the treatment of lung diseases in critical care, such as ARDS and asthma. Finally, the model's pure mechanical nature and accurate lung volumes mean that all results are both clearly visible and thus intuitively simple to grasp.
Safety and efficacy of lumefantrine-artemether (Coartem®) for the treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Zambian adults
Authors: Mulenga Modest , Van geertruyden Jean-Pierre , Mwananyanda Lawrence , Chalwe Victor , Moerman Filip , Chilengi Roma , Van Overmeir Chantal , Dujardin Jean-Claude , D'Alessandro Umberto 
Published: August 2006

Abstract

Background
In Zambia, unacceptably high resistance to commonly used antimalarial drugs prompted the choice of artemether-lumefantrine (AL) as first line treatment for uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Although the safety and efficacy of AL have been extensively documented, no clinical trials had been carried out in Zambia.

Methods
Nine hundred seventy one adult patients with uncomplicated malaria were randomized to either sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP)(486) or AL (485) and followed up for 45 days. Outcome of treatment was defined according to the standard WHO classification. Recurrent parasitaemia were genotyped to distinguish between recrudescence and new infection.

Results
Fever at day 3 was significantly lower (AL: 0.9%; 4/455; SP: 3,5%; 15/433; p = 0.007) and the mean haemoglobin at day 45 significantly higher (AL: 134 g/l; SP 130 g/l; p = 0.02) in the AL group. Almost all clinical symptoms cleared faster with AL. Early treatment failure was significantly higher in the SP (25/464) than in the AL (2/463) (OR: 13.1 95% CI: 3.08–55.50; P < 0.001). The rate of new infections was similar in both groups (18 with SP and 19 with AL). Late clinical failure (OR: 2.55; 95% CI: 1.34–4.84; P = 0.004) and late parasitological failure (OR:3.18; 95% CI: 1.25–8.09; P = 0.02) were significantly higher in the SP group. Total treatment failure was significantly higher in the SP group (96/393; 19.3%) as compared to the AL (22/403; 5.4%) group (OR: 4.15; 95% CI: 2.52–6.83; P < 0.001).

Conclusion
In Zambia, the new first line regimen AL is far more efficacious than SP in treating uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria in adults. Data on safety and efficacy of AL in pregnant women are urgently needed.
Expression of AFP and Rev-Erb A/Rev-Erb B and N-CoR in fetal rat liver, liver injury and liver regeneration
Authors: Meier Volker , Tron Kyrylo , Batusic Danko , Elmaouhoub Abderrahim , Ramadori Giuliano 
Published: August 2006

AbstractBackgroundAlpha-fetoprotein (AFP) expression can resume in the adult liver under pathophysiological conditions. Orphan nuclear receptors were supposed to regulate AFP gene expression,in vitro. We were interested to study the expression of AFP and orphan nuclear receptors,in vivo.ResultsThe expression of AFP gene and orphan nuclear receptors in the liver was examined in different rat models: (a) fetal liver (b) liver regeneration [partial hepatectomy (PH) with and without 2-acetyl-aminofluren treatment (2-AAF)], (c) acute liver damage [treatment with CCl4] and (d) acute phase reaction [treatment with turpentine oil]. After PH of 2-AAF treated rats, clusters of AFP positive cells occurred in the periportal region. In the Northern blot analysis, a positive hybridization signal for the full-length AFP-RNA was observed only in liver samples from 2-AAF treated rats after PH. In real-time PCR analysis, the full-length AFP-RNA was highly up regulated in the fetal liver (maximum at day 14: 21,500 fold); after PH of 2-AAF treated rats, the full-length AFP-RNA was also up regulated up to 400 fold (day 7 after PH). The orphan nuclear receptors were down regulated at nearly each time points in all models, also at time point of up regulation of the AFP gene.ConclusionExpression of "fetal" AFP could be demonstrated during liver development and during proliferation of the so-called oval cells. Changes of expression of orphan nuclear receptors, however, did not correlate with AFP expression. Other regulatory pathways were possibly involved in controlling AFP expression,in vivo.
Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNST) – Clinicopathological study and treatment outcome of twenty-four cases
Authors: Kar Madhabananda , Deo S V Suryanarayana , Shukla Nootan Kumar , Malik Ajay , DattaGupta Sidharth , Mohanti Bidhu Kumar , Thulkar Sanjay 
Published: August 2006

Abstract

Background
Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) is biologically an aggressive tumor for which the treatment of choice is the surgery. We reviewed the clinical profile, diagnostic methods, treatment patterns, and outcome of twenty-four MPNST patients in this study.

Patients and methods
A retrospective analysis of 24 MPNST patients, treated from 1994 to 2002, in the department of Surgical Oncology at All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, was done. A combination of gross, histopathological and immunohistochemical findings, and proliferation markers (MIB1) were considered for diagnosis and grade of the MPNST. Survival analysis was done by the Kaplan-Meier method and differences were evaluated with the log-rank test. Multivariate analysis was carried out by using Cox's proportional hazards model by using SPSS (Version 9, Chicago, Illinois) software.

Results
MPNST constituted 12% of all soft tissue sarcomas, where 21% (5/24) of patients had associated Von Recklinghausen's disease (VRHD). A higher incidence of male preponderance and multifocal MPNST were noted in the present series. At a mean follow-up of 38 months, 13 (54 %) patients had relapse of disease and 5-year over all and disease free survival were 58% and 35% respectively. In univariate analysis, sex (p = 0.05), tumor depth (p < 0.03), and cellular differentiation (p < 0.002) were shown to be adverse prognostic factors for disease free survival and sex (p = 0.04), cellular differentiation (p < 0.0004), and tumor grade (p = 0.05) for overall survival. However, in multivariate analysis, cellular differentiation (p < 0.005) and tumor grade (p < 0.01) emerged as independent prognostic factors for both disease free and overall survival, respectively. Postoperative radiotherapy (RT) has shown a definite role in both disease free and overall survival in this study.

Conclusion
MPNSTs constituted a significant proportion (12%) of soft tissue sarcoma in our medical center. Heterogeneous differentiation and multifocality of the tumor were few distinct features of MPNST. Sex and cellular differentiation were noticed as the new adverse prognostic factors and adjuvant radiotherapy has been proved to be a significant treatment tool in the current series.
Proteomic definition of a desmoglein linear determinant common to Pemphigus vulgaris and Pemphigus foliaceous
Authors: Lucchese Alberta , Mittelman Abraham , Tessitore Luciana , Serpico Rosario , Sinha Animesh A , Kanduc Darja 
Published: August 2006

Abstract

Background
A number of autoimmune diseases have been clinically and pathologically characterized. In contrast, target antigens have been identified only in a few cases and, in these few cases, the knowledge of the exact epitopic antigenic sequence is still lacking. Thus the major objective of current work in the autoimmunity field is the identification of the epitopic sequences that are related to autoimmune reactions. Our labs propose that autoantigen peptide epitopes able to evoke humoral (auto)immune response are defined by the sequence similarity to the host proteome. The underlying scientific rationale is that antigen peptides acquire immunoreactivity in the context of their proteomic similarity level. Sequences uniquely owned by a protein will have high potential to evoke an immune reaction, whereas motifs with high proteomic redundancy should be immunogenically silenced by the tolerance phenomenon. The relationship between sequence redundancy and peptide immunoreactivity has been successfully validated in a number of experimental models. Here the hypothesis has been applied to pemphigus diseases and the corresponding desmoglein autoantigens.

Methods
Desmoglein 3 sequence similarity analysis to the human proteome followed by dot-blot/NMR immunoassays were carried out to identify and validate possible epitopic sequences.

Results
Computational analysis led to identifying a linear immunodominant desmoglein-3 epitope highly reactive with the sera from Pemphigus vulgaris as well as Pemphigus foliaceous. The epitopic peptide corresponded to the amino acid REWVKFAKPCRE sequence, was located in the extreme N-terminal region (residues 49 to 60), and had low redundancy to the human proteome. Sequence alignment showed that human desmoglein 1 and 3 share the REW-KFAK–RE sequence as a common motif with 75% residue identity.

Conclusion
This study 1) validates sequence redundancy to autoproteome as a main factor in shaping desmoglein peptide immunogenicity; 2) offers a molecular mechanicistic basis in analyzing the commonality of autoimmune responses exhibited by the two forms of pemphigus; 3) indicates possible peptide-immunotherapeutical approaches for pemphigus diseases.
Role of common human TRIM5α variants in HIV-1 disease progression
Authors: Goldschmidt Valérie , Bleiber Gabriela , May Margaret , Martinez Raquel , Ortiz Millàn , Telenti Amalio ,   The Swiss HIV Cohort Study
Published: August 2006

Abstract

Background
The retroviral restriction factor tripartite motif protein (TRIM)5α, is characterized by marked amino acid diversity among primates, including specific clusters of residues under positive selection. The identification of multiple non-synonymous changes in humans suggests that TRIM5α variants might be relevant to retroviral pathogenesis. Previous studies have shown that such variants are unlikely to modify susceptibility to HIV-1 infection, or the course of early infection. However, the longterm effect of carrying Trim5α variants on disease progression in individuals infected with HIV-1 has not previously been investigated.

Methods
In a cohort of 979 untreated individuals infected with HIV-1 with median follow up 3.2 years and 9,828 CD4 T cell measurements, we analysed common amino acid variations: H43Y, V112F, R136Q, G249D, and H419Y. The rate of CD4 T cell decline before treatment was used as the phenotype. In addition, we extended previous work on the in vitro susceptibility of purified donor CD4 T cells (n = 125) to HIV-1 infection, and on the susceptibility of HeLa cells that were stably transduced with the different TRIM5 variants. Haplotypes were analysed according to the most parsimonious evolutionary structure, where two main human TRIM5α groups can be defined according to the residue at amino acid 136. Humans present both Q136 and R136 at similar frequency, and additional TRIM5α amino acid variants are almost exclusively derived from R136-carrying haplotypes.

Results
We observed modest differences in disease progression for evolutionary branches carrying R136-derived haplotypes, and with the non-synonymous polymorphisms G249D and H419Y. In vitro analysis of susceptibility of donor CD4 T cells, and of the various transduced HeLa cell lines supported the absence of significant differential restriction of HIV-1 infection by the various huTRIM5α alleles.

Conclusion
Common human variants of TRIM5α have no effect or modest effect on HIV-1 disease progression. These variants occur at sites conserved throughout evolution, and are remote from clusters of positive selection in the primate lineage. The evolutionary value of the substitutions remains unclear.