bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protein Banding Patterns in the Ramalina Siliquosa Group
Authors: Mattsson J. E. , Kärnefelt I. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe value of primary chemical compounds correlated with known secondary chemistry and morphological variation within the Ramalina siliquosa group has been investigated. A hundred specimens were collected on two different occasions from 13 different populations on the Swedish west coast during April 1984. Protein extracts were prepared from 27 on secondary constituents identified and morphologically analysed populations. The protein bandings were performed by means of isoelectric focusing. Twenty-two different banding patterns were analysed since two were destroyed during preparation and three others yielded weak patterns. The results indicated that three different banding pattern types could be discerned: type A originated from material containing norstictic acid, stictic acid, norstictic acid in combination with stictic acid and on acid-deficient material; type B originated from material containing salazinic acid or salazinic acid in combination with protocetraric acid; and type C originated from material containing salazinic acid, protocetraric acid, salazinic acid in combination with protocetraric acid or on acid-deficient material. Material of banding type A belonged morphologically to R. cuspidata (Ach.) Nyl. and material of banding types B and C to R. siliquosa (Hudson) A. L. Smith. Seasonal and developmental factors can, however, affect the production of both primary and secondary constituents. Since there are no obvious morphological differences between the different chemical races within R. siliquosa s. str. and as material of salazinic acid in combination with protocetraric acid yielded both type B and type C banding patterns, the results do not support a taxonomy in the R. siliquosa group recognizing more than two species.
Some Observations on The Thallus in Pannaria, with Description of a New Species
Authors: Swinscow T. D. V. , Krog Hildur 
Published: May 2007

AbstractPannaria is shown to include species whose thallus ranges from the almost homoiomerous to the fully differentiated heteromerous state. A new species of Pannaria is described, P. santessonii, with a thallus closely resembling that characteristic of the Collemataceae. Lepidocollema carassense Vainio and Lepidoleptogium montaguei A. L. Sm., the type species of these respective genera, have beenfound to have a similar type of thallus. Further study of the relationship between thesegenera is needed.
The Macrolichens of Tasmanian Rainforest: Key and Notes
Authors: Kantvilas G. , James P. W. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractAn identification key to 128 macrolichen species from Tasmanian rainforest is presented. Additional data on the flora are also included. Five new species, Menegazzia caesiopruinosa P. James, M. confusa P. James, M. inactiva P. James & Kantvilas, M. minuta P. James & Kantvilas and M. subbullata P. James & Kantvilas, are described, and the new combination Leioderma amphibolum (Knight) P. M. Jørgensen & D. Galloway is made.
Foliicolous Lichens of the Usambara Mountains, Tanzania I
Authors: Farkas Edit 
Published: May 2007

AbstractRich collections of foliicolous lichens were made, especially from submontane and montane areas, in the Usambara Mountains of Tanzania during the Usambara Rain Forest Research Project expeditions in 1982, 1984 and 1985. An enumeration of the identified species is provided together with taxonomic, ecological and geographical notes. This first part treats 36 species from the Arthoniaceae, Opegraphaceae and all genera with pyrenocarpous ascomata. New records include 14 species for the Usambaras, eight for Tanzania, and three to Africa. Porina sphaerocephaloides sp. nov., widely distributed in the study area, is described.
New and Interesting Species of Verrucaria I
Authors: McCarthy P. M. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractVerrucaria aranensis McCarthy and V. knowlesiae McCarthy are described as new from limestone in western Ireland. Verrucaria mulabilis Borrer is an illegitimate name; moreover, a number of British specimens attributed to it are V. dolosa Hepp. A key to minute-spored, terrestrial saxicolous Verrucariae is provided in which V. subumbrinula Vainio and V. anzianoides Magnusson are reduced to synonymy under V. naeviformis Vainio and V. arctica Lynge, respectively.
Sarrameana Tasmanica, a New Tasmanian Lichen
Authors: Vězda A. , Kantvilas G. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractA new species of Sarrameana, S. tasmanica Vězda & Kantvilas, is described from Tasmania. The taxonomic relationship of this species with S. paradoxa Vězda & P. James from New Caledonia is discussed.
Initial Establishment of Saxicolous Lichens Following Recent Glacial Recession in Sverdrup Pass, Ellesmere Island, Canada
Authors: Fahselt Dianne , Maycock Paul F. , Svoboda Josef 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIn the recently deglaciated zone of a valley glacier in Central Ellesmere Island the mean period of time before the onset of colonization on bare rock surfaces was estimated to be about 80 years. The first species to establish was Xanthoria elegans, followed by Lecanora crenulata and Umbilicaria virginis approximately 20 years later. Summer temperature appeared to be one factor which affected lichen establishment in recently deglaciated bare areas in the High Arctic. Warmer microsites were identified as preferred locations for thallus establishment; these, therefore, constitute ideal sites for studies of thallus initiation under natural conditions. Following the retreat of a glacier from its most advanced Little Ice Age position, 16 species of saxicolous lichens have become established on bare rock debris in the icefree zone, but in nine transects only five species had a constancy of 80% or more. Lichen diversity in this successional photocommunity was comparable to that in a nearby pre-Little Ice Age landscape with more varied substrata.
Systematics of Some Reindeer Lichens (Cladonia Subg. Cladina) in the Southern Hemisphere
Authors: Ruoss E. , Ahti T. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractCladonia arbuscula subsp. squarrosa (Wallr.) Ruoss and C. stygia (Fr.) Ruoss are reported for the first time from the Southern Hemisphere. Populations of C. arbuscula in New Zealand and Australia are recognized as subsp. stictica Ruoss, subsp. nov., usually containing stictic acid, norstictic acid (first report in subg. Cladina), and sometimes also the fumarprotocetraric acid complex. C. laevigata (Vainio) Gyelnik is reinstated in Cladonia subg. Cladina sect. Tenues, while C. stygia is considered to belong to sect. Crustaceae rather than to sect. Tenues. C. confusa R. Sant. is morphologically highly variable, although chemically uniform, usually containing usnic acid and perlatolic acid. An usnic acid-deficient chemodeme is reported as new to New Zealand.
Studies in the Lichen Family Pannariaceae III. The Genus Fuscoderma, with Additional Notes and a Revised Key to Leioderma
Authors: Jørgensen P. M. , Galloway D. J. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractLeioderma subg. Fuscoderma D. Galloway & P. M. Jørg., is shown to be a distinct genus, confined to Tasmania and New Zealand and comprising three species: Fuscoderma amphibolum (Knight) comb, nov., F. applanatum (D. Galloway & P. M. Jørg.) comb, nov., and F. limbatum sp. nov. A key to the species is given. A revised key to Leioderma is also presented and a second locality (Ecuador) is reported for the Brazilian species L. glabrum D. Galloway & P. M. Jørg.
The Genus Roccellinastrum in Tasmania
Authors: Kantvilas Gintaras 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe byssoid lichen genus, Roccellinastrum, consists of three species in Tasmania.Two of these, R. flavescens and R. lagarostrobi, are described as new. Both species grow exclusively on the leaves of Tasmanian endemic conifers and are recognized by a combination of morphological, chemical and anatomical characters. Usnic acid, found in R. flavescens, is recorded in the genus for the first time. Relationships with South American species are discussed.
New Species of Cladonia From Tropical South America
Authors: Ahti Teuvo 
Published: May 2007

AbstractCladonia friabilis Ahti (type from Bahia, Brazil), C. pulviniformis Ahti (type from Bolivar, Venezuela), C. sufflata Ahti (type from Bolivar, Venezuela), and C. variegata Ahti (type from Bolivar, Venezuela) are described as new. Their major secondary metabolites are reported.
Globosphaeria, A Remarkable New Pyrenomycete on Normandina From Tasmania
Authors: Hawksworth D. L. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe generic name Globosphaeria D. Hawksw. gen. nov. is introduced for the single species G. jamesii D. Hawksw. sp. nov. discovered on squamules of the lichen Normandina pulchella (Borrer) Nyl. collected in Tasmania. It is commensalistic or perhaps mutualistic. The genus is characterized by dark perithecioid ascomata, filiform paraphyses, thin-walled asci, and uniseriate thick-walled globose hyaline ascospores. It cannot easily be accommodated in any accepted order, and is tentatively referred to the Xylariales pending the discovery of fresh material.
New British Species of Caloplaca
Authors: Laundon Jack R. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractCaloplaca britannica R. Sant. sp. nov. and C. ceracea Laundon sp. nov. are described, the latter having been erroneously called C. caesiorufa by British authors. Both grow on maritime rocks, but C. ceracea also occurs inland where it is rare. The value of the colour test with C (bleach) in Caloplaca is mentioned.
Contributions to The Lichen Flora of Tenerife
Authors: Lumbsch H. Thorsten , Vézda A. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractBacidina apiahica, Diploschistes bisporus, D. candidissimus and Fellhanera buxi are reported as new to the Canary Islands. Bacidina canariensis Lumbsch & Vézda is newly described.
Neofuscelia squamariata and Neofuscelia almbornii SP. Nov. (Parmeliaceae)
Authors: Henssen Aino , Titze Andreas 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe species Neofuscelia almbornii Henssen, is described from South Africa. It differs from N. squamariata in the smaller size of the lobes and longer asci and conidia. Characteristic features of both species are: a subcrustose thallus with tufts of rhizoidal hyphae arising from a well-developed lower cortex,±bifusiform conidia, and a minutely porous upper surface. The two species differ from Neofuscelia pulla by the lack of a foliose thallus, true rhizines, and epicortical pores in the sense of Hale.
Lichens of Cocos nucifera on Caye Caulker, Belize
Authors: Barclay-Estrup P. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractTwenty lichens and a cyanobacterium grow as epiphytes on both shoreline and inland coconut palms (Cocos nucifera) on Caye Caulker, Belize, with a difference in distribution of these epiphytes between shoreline and inland trees. Nine epiphytes were also collected from mangrove (Rhizophora mangle): seven lichens, one moss, and one cyanobacterium.
AMP-activated protein kinase-independent inhibition of hepatic mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation by AICA riboside
Authors: Guigas Bruno , Taleux Nellie , Foretz Marc , Detaille Dominique , Andreelli Fabrizio , Viollet Benoit , Hue Louis 
Published: May 2007

AICA riboside (5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-β-D-ribofuranoside) has been extensively used in cells to activate the AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase), a metabolic sensor involved in cell energy homoeostasis. In the present study, we investigated the effects of AICA riboside on mitochondrial oxidative; phosphorylation. AICA riboside was found to dose-dependently inhibit the oligomycin-sensitive JO2 (oxygen consumption rate) of isolated rat hepatocytes. A decrease in Pi (inorganic phosphate), ATP, AMP and total adenine nucleotide contents was also observed with AICA riboside concentrations &gt;0.1 mM. Interestingly, in hepatocytes from mice lacking both α1 and α2 AMPK catalytic subunits, basal JO2 and expression of several mitochondrial proteins were significantly reduced compared with wild-type mice, suggesting that mitochondrial biogenesis was perturbed. However, inhibition of JO2 by AICA riboside was still present in the mutant mice and thus was clearly not mediated by AMPK. In permeabilized hepatocytes, this inhibition was no longer evident, suggesting that it could be due to intracellular accumulation of Z nucleotides and/or loss of adenine nucleotides and Pi. ZMP did indeed inhibit respiration in isolated rat mitochondria through a direct effect on the respiratory-chain complex I. In addition, inhibition of JO2 by AICA riboside was also potentiated in cells incubated with fructose to deplete adenine nucleotides and Pi. We conclude that AICA riboside inhibits cellular respiration by an AMPK-independent mechanism that likely results from the combined intracellular Pi depletion and ZMP accumulation. Our data also demonstrate that the cellular effects of AICA riboside are not necessarily caused by AMPK activation and that their interpretation should be taken with caution.
The Effects of Three Nebulized Osmotic Agents in the Dry Larynx
Authors: Tanner Kristine , Roy Nelson , Merrill Ray M. , Elstad Mark 
Published: May 2007

Purpose
This investigation examined the effects of nebulized hypertonic saline, isotonic saline (IS), and sterile (hypotonic) water on phonation threshold pressure (PTP) and self-perceived phonatory effort (PPE) following a surface laryngeal dehydration challenge.

Method

In a double-blind, randomized experimental trial, 60 vocally healthy women (
n
= 15 per group) underwent a laryngeal desiccation challenge involving oral breathing for 15 min using medical-grade dry air (RH<1%). Three of the four groups then received nebulized isotonic saline (0.9% NaCl), hypertonic saline (7% NaCl), or sterile (hypotonic) water, respectively; the 4th group served as a nontreatment control. PTP and PPE were estimated for high-pitched productions at baseline, immediately postdesiccation, and at 5, 20, 35, and 50 min postnebulization.

Results

PTP increased significantly for all groups following the desiccation challenge. PTP values were, on average, 0.5 cm H
2
O greater immediately postdesiccation versus baseline. In contrast, PTP values did not change significantly following the administration of nebulized treatments, although a temporary trend toward a reduction in PTP was observed for the IS group. Unexpectedly, PPE ratings decreased significantly after the desiccation challenge. In general, PPE ratings were poorly correlated with PTP measures.

Conclusion
A laryngeal desiccation challenge (i.e., temporary exposure to extremely low relative humidity while breathing transorally) significantly increased PTP. Although interesting trends emerged, none of the nebulized treatments significantly enhanced recovery from the negative effects of desiccation on PTP. In light of very low correlations between PTP and PPE, serious questions are raised regarding presumed associations between these measures.
The Influence of Semantic Processing on Phonological Decisions in Children and Adults: A Magnetoencephalography (MEG) Study
Authors: Wehner Daniel T. , Ahlfors Seppo P. , Mody Maria 
Published: May 2007

Purpose
To examine the behavioral effects and neural activation patterns associated with implicit semantic processing influences on phonological judgments during reading in children and adults.

Method
Whole-head magnetoencephalography (MEG) recordings were obtained from 2 groups, children (9–13 years) and adults, performing a homophone judgment task. The stimuli consisted of pairs of sequentially presented written words that were either homophones, synonym foils, or unrelated control words.

Results

The difference in the time taken to respond to synonym pairs relative to control pairs of stimuli, called the
semantic interference effect (SIE)
, was, on average, 24 ms for adults and 86 ms for children. Source analysis of the MEG data using minimum-norm estimation (MNE) yielded less activation in the adults for the synonym condition compared with the control condition in right anterior temporal and inferior frontal cortex 300–500 ms after the onset of the 2nd word in a pair, suggestive of semantic priming as well as inhibition of the SIE. A similar priming effect was observed for the children in left-anterior temporal cortex.

Conclusion
The observed group differences in the magnitude of the SIE and brain activation patterns may reflect developmental differences in the effects of semantic information on phonological decisions during word processing.
Evaluation of Compass as a comparative mapping tool for ESTs using horse radiation hybrid maps
Authors: Coleman S. J. , Gong G. , Gaile D. P. , Chowdhary B. P. , Bailey E. , Liu L. , MacLeod J. N. 
Published: May 2007

SummaryLoci for 9322 equine expressed sequence tags (ESTs) were predicted using the Comparative Mapping by Annotation and Sequence Similarity (Compass) strategy in order to evaluate the programme's ability to make accurate locus predictions in species with comparative gene maps. Using human genome sequence information from Build 35 (May 2004) and published marker information from the radiation hybrid (RH) maps for equine chromosomes (ECA) 17 and X, 162 ESTs were predicted to locations on ECA17 and 328 ESTs to locations on ECAX by selection of the ‘top blast hit’. The locations of 30 ESTs were assessed experimentally by RH mapping analysis to evaluate the accuracy of the Compass predictions. The data revealed that 53% (16 of 30) of the ESTs predicted on ECA17 and ECAX mapped to those chromosomes. Analysis of the results suggested the need to identify expressed orthologous sequences in order to generate more accurate predictions for ESTs. Locus predictions were reassessed with three modifications to the Compass strategy's orthologue selection parameters. Selection of the ‘top gene hit’ improved accuracy to 72% (21 of 29), while selection of the ‘top expressed gene hit’ improved accuracy to 86% (24 of 28). Using the default Compass parameters with the UniGene database improved prediction accuracy to 96% (22 of 23); however, this level of accuracy came with a substantial decrease in the total number of predictions. When used with optimized prediction parameters, the Compass strategy can be a practical in silico map location prediction tool for large EST sample sets from unsequenced animal genomes.
AVO study of a gas‐hydrate deposit, offshore Costa Rica
Authors: Müller Christian , Bönnemann Christian , Neben Sönke 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACTAmplitude variation with offset (AVO) analysis and waveform inversion are techniques used to determine qualitative or quantitative information on gas hydrates and free gas in sediments. However, the quantitative contribution of gas hydrates to the acoustic impedance contrast observed at the bottom‐simulating reflector and the reliability of quantitative AVO analyses are still topics of discussion. In this study, common‐midpoint gathers from multichannel wide‐angle reflection seismic data, acquired offshore Costa Rica, have been processed to preserve true amplitude information at the bottom‐simulating reflector for a quantitative AVO analysis incorporating angles of incidence of up to 60°. Corrections were applied for effects that significantly alter the observed amplitudes, such as the source directivity. AVO and rock‐physics modelling indicate that free gas immediately beneath the gas‐hydrate stability zone can be detected and low concentrations can be quantified from AVO analysis, whereas the offset‐dependent reflectivity is not sensitive to gas‐hydrate concentrations of less than about 10% at the base of the gas‐hydrate stability zone. Bulk free‐gas saturations up to 5% have been determined from the reflection seismic data assuming a homogeneous distribution of free gas in the sediment. Assuming a patchy distribution of free gas increases the estimated concentrations up to 14%.There is a patchy occurrence of bottom‐simulating reflectors south‐east of the Nicoya Peninsula on the continental margin, offshore Costa Rica. AVO analysis indicates that this phenomenon is related to the local presence of free gas beneath the gas‐hydrate stability zone, probably related to a focused vertical fluid flow. In areas without bottom‐simulating reflectors, the results indicate that no free gas is present.
Phytogeographical data and modern pollen rain of the puna belt in southern Peru (Nevado Coropuna, Western Cordillera)
Authors: Kuentz Adèle , De Mera Antonio Galán , Ledru Marie‐Pierre , Thouret Jean‐Claude 
Published: May 2007

AbstractAim To improve knowledge of the distribution of species and modern pollen dispersal in the puna vegetation belt (central Andes) for palaeoenvironmental analysis and reconstructions.Location Puna belt, Nevado Coropuna, Western Cordillera, Peru.Methods The vegetation facies and belts of the area were mapped by remote sensing using a March 1998 SPOT4 image. This was complemented by the interpretation of aerial photographs, by field sampling, and by the identification of plants. Data from 1940 to 1994 from the Peruvian meteorological station network were modelled to characterize the relationship between climate and vegetation. Twenty‐four soil‐surface samples were collected in the various vegetation facies identified on the map, and standard palynological techniques were applied to analyse these samples. A principal components analysis was performed on the pollen data set.Results The map shows three bioclimatic belts and seven facies in the punasensu lato, and identifies the main plants that are characteristic of each bioclimatic area. The pollen results fit the vegetation facies and belts, including the plant species of the distinct facies that are well represented in the pollen assemblages. The mesotropical belt is characterized by the predominance of Asteraceae‐typeAmbrosia; the supratropical belt shows significant frequencies of Asteraceae‐typeSenecio; the orotropical belt is characterized by high frequencies of Apiaceae and includesPolylepiswoodland and peat bogs; and the cryorotropical belt shows significant frequencies of Asteraceae‐typeSenecioand Apiaceae.Main conclusions The pollen grains of the plants that grow on the punasensu latoare generally entomophilous and are therefore not transported far from their plant source. The distinct bioclimatic facies and belts identified by the cartography can thus be well distinguished by their pollen production and deposition. We were therefore able to characterize the relationship between pollen, vegetation and climate that can be used for palaeoenvironmental reconstructions. An altitudinal pollen gradient on the western slopes of the central Andes was revealed by the pollen study, with the succession of Asteraceae‐typeAmbrosia(1800–2200 m), Malvaceae (2700–3300 m), Asteraceae‐typeSenecio(3500–4100 m) and Apiaceae (above 4600 m).