bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surface modification and microstructure of single‐walled carbon nanotubes for dental resin‐based composites
Authors: Zhang Feimin , Xia Yang , Xu Lina , Gu Ning 
Published: December 2007

AbstractIn the present study, a novel process has been developed to improve the application of single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) in dental resin‐based composites (RBCs). Efforts have been made to deposit a thin shell of nano‐SiO2 onto the oxidized surface of SWCNTs by using a thin adlayer of 3‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane; this was followed by modification of the nano‐SiO2 layer by using another organosilane with allyl‐terminated functional groups to achieve well dispersion and integration in the matrix. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) are used to analyze the modified SWCNTs. The obtained shell has a sandwich‐like structure, with an amino‐modified silane layer on the inside, a nano‐SiO2 layer in the middle, and an allyl‐terminated silane layer on the outside. Composite resin specimens with modified SWCNTs are prepared and examined using TEM. A three‐point‐bend test is performed using the MTS Synergie 100 testing machine. Statistical analysis reveals that the addition of modified SWCNTs improves the flexural strength (p < 0.05) of dental RBCs. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2008
Wear of sequentially enhanced 9‐Mrad polyethylene in 10 million cycle knee simulation study
Authors: Tsukamoto Riichiro , Williams Paul Allen , Shoji Hiromu , Hirakawa Kazuo , Yamamoto Kengo , Tsukamoto Mikiko , Clarke Ian C. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractHighly crosslinked polyethylene (HXPE) has been shown to be effective in reducing wear in total hip replacements. HXPE has not found widespread use in TKR, because the crosslinking inevitably leads to reductions in critical properties such as toughness and fatigue strength. Sequentially enhanced crosslinking (SXPE) have been suggested for improved wear resistance for tibial inserts with maintenance of mechanical properties and anticipated high oxidation resistance superior to conventional polyethylene (XLPE). We compared the wear of SXPE (9Mrad) to XLPE inserts (3Mrad) to 10 million cycles. Triathlon™ femoral condyles were identical in both. This is the first wear study of SXPE inserts. According to the power law relating irradiation dose to wear of XLPE inserts, wear of 9 Mrad inserts should be reduced by 70% compared to 3Mrad controls. The wear rates of the SXPE inserts were reduced by 86% at 10 million cycles duration, somewhat greater than predicted. The one prior investigation by the manufacturer reported a 79% wear reduction for SXPE compared to controls in a 5 million cycle simulator study in knee design and test parameters. There were important differences between the two studies. Nevertheless there clearly appeared to be a major benefit for sequentially enhanced polyethylene in tibial inserts. This combined wear reduction of 80‐85% with improved oxidation resistance and retention of mechanical properties may prove beneficial for active patients who may otherwise risk high wear rates over many years of use. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2008
Hepatitis B virus transmission pattern and vaccination efficiency in Uzbekistan
Authors: Avazova Dildora , Kurbanov Fuat , Tanaka Yasuhito , Sugiyama Masaya , Radchenko Ivan , Ruziev Dilmurod , Musabaev Erkin , Mizokami Masashi 
Published: December 2007

AbstractA national program of universal vaccination for the prevention of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection was launched in Uzbekistan since 1998. To evaluate the 6 years' outcome of the program, 567 children were enrolled in the study. Among those enrolled, 333 had immunized withadw2type based Engerix‐B (Glaxo Smith Kline Beechem, Rixensart, Belgium) and 48 withadrtype based Hepavax‐Gene (Green Cross Vaccine Corporation, Korea). A cohort of 186 children born before the immunization program, was also included in the study. When 45 vaccinated children were compared to age/sex‐matched 45 unvaccinated children, the sero‐prevalence of HBsAg was 0 versus 11% (P = 0.56), and of anti‐HBc was 0% versus 44% (P < 0.0001), respectively. Loss of anti‐HBs was observed in 18.4% after 5 years. Among 13 HBsAg carriers found in this study, genotype HBV/D was found in 69%, HBV/A in 23% (all in unvaccinated group) and HBV/C in 8% (in vaccinated group). No significant differences were observed in this study between groups which received different vaccine formulation. Phylogenetic analysis of the HBV isolates obtained from family members of the HBsAg‐positive children, revealed evidence suggesting that transmission in the vaccinated group was exclusively perinatal, whereas in the unvaccinated group horizontal transmission pattern predominated. In conclusion, HBV universal vaccination is efficient in Uzbekistan irrespective of the vaccine formulation used, because the horizontal transmission pattern predominates currently in this endemic region. J. Med. Virol. 80:217–224, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Transmission of low‐density hepatitis C viral particles during sexually transmitted acute resolving infection
Authors: Diaz Olivier , Cubero Maria , Trabaud Mary Anne , Quer Josep , Icard Vinca , Esteban Juan I. , Lotteau Vincent , André Patrice 
Published: December 2007

AbstractHepatitis C viruses in the blood of chronically infected patients are heterogeneous in density with the presence of lipoprotein associated viral particles of lower density than conventional virions. If low‐density viral particles have been shown to be infectious in animal models it is currently not known whether these particles display the same infectivity for humans. In a case of sexually transmitted acute resolving infection, all isolated NS3 sequences from the acute‐phase isolate clustered with a single sequence from the chronic carrier isolate, suggesting bottlenecking during transmission. To determine the density of the transmitted viruses, viral quasispecies from fractions with density below and above 1.055 g/ml were isolated and prepared from the plasma of the chronically infected sexual partner. Interestingly, the three closest sequences to the recipient consensus sequence were isolated from the low‐density fraction. These data suggest that low‐density viral particles are infectious for humans as they are for chimpanzees and that they can be transmitted during sexual intercourse. J. Med. Virol. 80:242–246, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Unexpectedly high incidence of indigenous acute hepatitis E within South Hampshire: Time for routine testing?
Authors: De Silva Aminda N. , Muddu Ajay K. , Iredale John P. , Sheron Nick , Khakoo Salim I. , Pelosi Emanuela 
Published: December 2007

AbstractHepatitis E indigenous to developed countries (hepatitis EIDC) is a form of hepatitis E in persons with no travel history to highly endemic areas. It has been recognized recently as an emerging clinical entity in a significant number of economically developed countries including UK. However, it is still perceived as a rare disease and routine laboratory testing for hepatitis E is not performed. A series of 13 cases of hepatitis EIDC, diagnosed in a 13‐month period from June 2005 within a single center in South Hampshire, UK, is presented. These patients were identified after implementing a novel‐screening algorithm that introduced routine hepatitis E serological investigations. Patients were middle aged or elderly and males were affected more commonly. Four patients (31%) required hospital admission. All reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) confirmed cases carried hepatitis E virus (HEV) genotype‐3, which bore close sequence homology to HEV circulating in UK pigs. None of these patients recalled eating undercooked pork products or close contact with pigs during the 2 months preceding the onset of acute hepatitis. In comparison, during the same period, only two cases of hepatitis A and five cases of acute hepatitis B were diagnosed. These data illustrate the importance of introducing routine hepatitis E testing in all patients with unexplained acute liver disease and absence of relevant travel history. Routine testing can clarify hepatitis E epidemiology whilst improving the clinical management of patients with acute liver disease. J. Med. Virol. 80:283–288, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Clinical outcome of frequent exposure to torque teno virus (TTV) through blood transfusion in thalassemia patients with or without hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection
Authors: Hu Yu‐Wen , Al‐Moslih Moslih I. , Al Ali Mahmoud Talib , Uzicanin Samra , Perkins Heather , Yi Qi‐Long , Rahimi Khameneh Shabnam , Wu Jun , Brown Earl G. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractAs a consequence of the high prevalence of TorqueTeno virus (TTV) in blood donors, thalassemia patients frequently acquire various genotypes of this virus through therapeutic blood transfusions. At present, the clinical consequences of TTV infection remain indeterminate for these patients. Here, several hundred thalassemia patients were tested for the presence of TTV and its genotypes using a combination of PCR and clone‐based DNA sequencing. Approximately 10% (12/118) of the patients aged 2–20 years remained negative for TTV including eight genotypes of SENV. Ferritin, aspartate‐aminotransferase (AST) and alanine‐aminotransferase (ALT) levels were invariably lower in TTV‐negative patients (P = 0.02, <0.01, and 0.06, respectively) than in TTV‐positive patients. Patients with TTV–HCV co‐infection showed elevated ferritin and ALT levels compared with patients with TTV infection alone (P < 0.02 and P < 0.01). AST and ALT levels were within the normal range for all TTV‐negative patients, whereas abnormal levels of AST and ALT were seen in a significant proportion of TTV‐positive patients (30.7% and 33.6%, respectively) and patients with TTV–HCV co‐infections (70.0% and 56.6%, respectively). Only TTV‐positive patients (28.0%) and patients with TTV–HCV co‐infections (36.3%) had hyper‐ferritin levels (≥3,000 ng/ml). The genotype(s) of TTV responsible for the liver dysfunction could not be determined. However, high levels of AST and ALT were found to be correlated with detection of a higher number of TTV genotypes in the patients. The data suggests that frequent and persistent TTV infection through blood transfusion is associated with hepatic dysfunction and/or damage in transfusion dependent thalassemia patients. J. Med. Virol. 80:365–371, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Clinical evaluation of the COBAS Ampliprep™/COBAS TaqMan™ for HCV RNA quantitation in comparison with the branched‐DNA assay
Authors: Pittaluga Fabrizia , Allice Tiziano , Abate Maria Lorena , Ciancio Alessia , Cerutti Francesco , Varetto Silvia , Colucci Giuseppe , Smedile Antonina , Ghisetti Valeria 
Published: December 2007

AbstractDiagnosis and monitoring of HCV infection relies on sensitive and accurate HCV RNA detection and quantitation. The performance of the COBAS AmpliPrep™/COBAS TaqMan™ 48 (CAP/CTM) (Roche, Branchburg, NJ), a fully automated, real‐time PCR HCV RNA quantitative test was assessed and compared with the branched‐DNA (bDNA) assay. Clinical evaluation on 576 specimens obtained from patients with chronic hepatitis C showed a good correlation (r = 0.893) between the two test, but the CAP/CTM scored higher HCV RNA titers than the bDNA across all viral genotypes. The mean bDNA versus CAP/CTM log10 IU/ml differences were −0.49, −0.4, −0.54, −0.26 for genotype 1a, 1b, 2a/2c, 3a, and 4, respectively. These differences reached statistical significance for genotypes 1b, 2a/c, and 3a. The ability of the CAP/CTM to monitor patients undergoing antiviral therapy and correctly identify the weeks 4 and 12 rapid and early virological responses was confirmed. The broader dynamic range of the CAP/CTM compared with the bDNA allowed for a better definition of viral kinetics. In conclusion, the CAP/CTM appears as a reliable and user‐friendly assay to monitor HCV viremia during treatment of patients with chronic hepatitis. Its high sensitivity and wide dynamic range may help a better definition of viral load changes during antiviral therapy. J. Med. Virol. 80:254–260, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cartoon network tackles a children's issue by making activism and volunteering fun
Authors: Foster Vanessa 
Published: December 2007

AbstractCartoon Network leveraged its marketing and creative capabilities, public access, and blue‐ribbon partners to launch the nationwide “Rescuing Recess” campaign, which mobilizes grassroots action to preserve or reinstate playtime for elementary school children. The campaign is also a powerful example of successful cause marketing. Cartoon Network partnered with child advocacy and policy‐making organizations; encouraged children and adults to write letters to legislators advocating for education policy change; made cash grants to schools to purchase recess equipment; and initiated National Recess Week, with locally organized rallies to raise awareness of the issue and encourage adults to volunteer as recess monitors. This article is printed by permission of Cartoon Network. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Half plane Toeplitz operators with generating functions having homogeneous discontinuities
Authors: Silbermann Bernd , Vasilyev Vladimir 
Published: December 2007

AbstractWe consider Toeplitz operators over the discrete half plane with generating functions admitting discontinuities of special kind which we call homogenous ones. The main results are the criteria of invertibility and one‐sided invertibility of such operators. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Large deletions account for an increasing number of mutations in SGCE
Authors: Han Fabin , Racacho Lemuel , Yang Howard , Read Tara , Suchowersky Oksana , Lang Anthony E. , Grimes David A. , Bulman Dennis E. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractMyoclonus‐dystonia (M‐D) (MIM 159900) is a rare “dystonia plus” syndrome, characterized by rapid myoclonic jerks, predominantly in the neck and upper limbs, in combination with dystonia. Mutations in the gene ε‐sarcoglycan (SGCE) are known to be responsible for approximately one‐third of cases. We screened 21 probands diagnosed with M‐D for large deletions who were mutation negative as determined by PCR‐direct sequencing. Multiplex PCR and quantification of PCR products was performed using a modified application of denaturing high performance liquid chromatography (dHPLC). We have identified two novel large multiexonic deletions of SGCE, which were confirmed by amplifying and sequencing the deletion breakpoints. Five other families were found to harbor small mutations identified by direct sequencing. Analysis of the region surrounding the deletions demonstrates that both deletions are the result of nonhomologous recombination with homologous end joining. This is only the second report of intragenic deletions with SGCE and it highlights the need to include exonic copy number variation when performing mutational analysis of SGCE. © 2007 Movement Disorder Society
Apodization of fiber Bragg gratings by using ARC discharges
Authors: Romero R. , Rego G. , Marques P. V. S. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe electric arc technique is used to apodize fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs). Arc discharges applied to the ends of the grating produce a smoothing of the refractive‐index modulation profile reducing the sidelobes of the reflection spectrum at longer wavelengths. A sidelobe reduction of 17 dB was obtained. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 316–319, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23056
CAD modeling of square spiral inductors with low temperature co‐fired ceramic technology
Authors: Tang Wanchun , Cui Qi , Xu Guang 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThis paper derives simple computer‐aided design formulas of the square spiral inductors fabricated in low temperature cofired ceramic. The circuit components are the main inductor, its capacitors to ground, and resistance. The formulas are simple synthetic asymptotes constructed from duality and analytical moment method, and give clear physical insights. Compared with IE3D, a commercial software by Zeland, the errors of S11 and S21 are generally less than 2%. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 281–285, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23058
Miniaturized microstrip branch‐line couplers with the approach of π‐model
Authors: Tang Ching‐Wen , Chen Ming‐Guang 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe newly method to implement the branch‐line couplers has been proposed in this letter. Using the approach of π‐model, the size of branch‐line coupler can be miniaturized easily. Especially, the proposed coupler without using any lumped element can be easily fabricated on the printed circuit board. In this study, the proposed couplers achieve a physical size reduction of almost 63% with the performance competed with the conventional one. Moreover, the measured frequency responses show good agreement with the theoretical results. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 314–316, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23061
Intrachannel nonlinearity induced‐degree of polarization degradation in high‐speed transmission
Authors: Zhang Dechao , Xu Anshi , Zhang Fan , Chen Zhangyuan 
Published: December 2007

AbstractDegree of polarization degradation due to intrachannel nonlinearity with different bit‐rates and modulation formats is experimentally and numerically investigated. The degradation becomes obvious in 40 Gbit/s transmission, especially for intensity‐modulated signals. It will deteriorate the effectiveness of polarization multiplexing and polarization interleaving transmission. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 312–314, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23062
Self‐homodyne photonic microwave receiver architecture based on linear optical modulation and filtering
Authors: Hossein‐Zadeh Mani , Levi A. F. J. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractWe present a self‐homodyne photonic microwave receiver architecture that uses linear optical modulation and optical filtering for data down‐conversion from a microwave carrier. Preliminary results demonstrate the feasibility of this technique for demodulating up to 100 Mb/s digital data from carrier frequencies above 10 GHz. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 345–350, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23065
Sparse direct solution of the electric field integral equation using nonoverlapped localizing logos modes
Authors: Xu Y. , Xu X. , Adams R. J. , Gedney S. D. , Canning F. X 
Published: December 2007

AbstractA sparse direct solver for the electric field integral equation is demonstrated for electromagnetic scattering from perfectly conducting targets of fairly large electrical size. For the geometries considered, numerical experiments demonstrate that both the memory and CPU costs of the reported factorization algorithm are significantly less than those required for standard direct solution methods. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 303–307, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23068
Analytical performance evaluation of AlGaN/GaN metal insulator semiconductor heterostructure field effect transistor and its comparison with conventional HFETs for high power microwave applications
Authors: Aggarwal Ruchika , Agrawal Anju , Gupta Mridula , Gupta R. S. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractIn this work, a comprehensive analytical model for AlGaN/GaN MISHFET has been presented to evaluate the drain current characteristics, transconductance, and cut‐off frequency of the insulated device. The model takes into account polynomial dependence of sheet carrier density on position of quasi Fermi level to consider the quantum effects and to validate it from subthreshold to high conduction region. The effect of spontaneous and piezoelectric polarization at the AlGaN/GaN interface and parasitic source/drain resistances have also been incorporated in the analysis. Its advantages over conventional HFET structure are discussed in detail. For a MISHFET with quarter micron gate length, the cut‐off frequency is reported to be 52 GHz. The MISHFET shows remarkable 36% increase in drain saturation current. The model has a broad utility as it is equally applicable to HFETs as well. The present model is based on closed form expression and does not involve any fitting parameter. The results obtained are compared with experimental data and show excellent agreement, thereby proving the validity of the model. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 331–338, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23073
Scattering characteristics of a new dielectric periodic array composed of left‐handed gratings
Authors: Fang Weihai , Xu Shanjia 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe scattering characteristics of a new dielectric periodic array composed of left‐handed gratings are carefully investigated by a method which combines the multimode network theory with the rigorous mode matching method. The variations of the frequency selective characteristics with the number of periodic layers are presented and comparisons of scattering properties between the left‐handed and right‐handed periodic arrays are also shown with some explanations. Guidelines for accurate design of the millimeter wave frequency selective surface are given. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 266–269, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23076
Linear cavity Brillouin fiber laser using a fiber Bragg grating
Authors: Ahmad H. , Shirazi M. R. , Biglary M. , Harun S. W. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractAn efficient linear cavity Brillouin fiber laser (BFL) is demonstrated using a standard single mode fibre (SMF), an optical coupler and a fiber Bragg grating (FBG). The laser peak is obtained at −4.5 dBm with a Brillouin pump of 14 dBm. The use of a 99/1 optical coupler shows the highest output because of the low loss in the cavity. The BFLs can be used to reduce the laser linewidth and technical noise. PACS: 42.60.Da; 42.81.−i; 42.81.Wg; 42.81.Uv © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 265–266, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23077
Planar broadband millimeter‐wave antenna based on open loop ring resonators
Authors: Yang Guo‐Min , Jin Ronghong , Geng Junping , He Wei 
Published: December 2007

AbstractA compact planar broadband millimeter‐wave antenna is presented in this article. The proposed millimeter‐wave (MM‐W) antenna is realized by connecting two pairs of open loop ring resonators (OLRRs). A tapered transmission line is adopted to improve the return loss performance in the required band. Combining these two structures, a new broadband MM‐W antenna is obtained. The measured results show that the proposed MM‐W antenna has a wide bandwidth from 26 to 40 GHz, and all the return losses are less than −15 dB in this band combined with excellent radiation characteristics. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 324–328, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23081