bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dopant Effect On NiGe Texture During Nickel Germanide Growth
Authors: Nemouchi Fabrice , Carron Véronique , Labar Janos , Putero Magali , Ehouarne Loeizig , Arrazat Brice , Morand Yves , Descombes Sophie , Barnes Jean-Paul , Mangelinck Dominique , Campidelli Yves , Kermarrec Olivier 
Published: November 2007

In this paper, we report on the solid state reactions of Ni thin films (6nm to 12nm) deposited on Ge (001). Especially, the influence of the substrate dopants (As and BF2) is investigated. TEM and SIMS analyses point out the presence of an additional phase at the NiGe/Ge interface. EELS and SIMS	measurements reveal that this phase contains Ni and Ge. On the	another hand, ex-situ XRD spectra allows to determine a change in NiGe texture with Ge(001) doped or undoped. In situ XRD confirms that the kinetics shifts from simultaneous to	sequential growth of nickel germanides, as predicted previously. Moreover, a recrystallization of NiGe is observed only on the undoped substrate. This recrystallization can be attributed to a contribution of a stress term in addition of the surface energy. This stress term becomes minor when temperature increases and Ni-rich phase is completely consumed.	The presence of dopants, probably at the NiGe/Ge interface co uld reduce this stress and thus the recrystallization.
Bifunctional Bioelectrocatalytic Systems for Oxygen Reduction
Authors: Kulesza Pawel J. , Kowalewska Barbara , Karnicka Katarzyna , Skunik Magdalena , Ernst Andrzej , Miecznikowski Krzysztof , Ginalska Grazyna , Belcarz Anna 
Published: November 2007

Combination of polyoxometallate-modified multi-walled carbon nanotubes, cobalt porphyrin, and peroxidase (horseradish,	cabbage) enzyme within the film (deposited on glassy carbon) produces a bio-electrocatalytic system capable of effective reduction of oxygen in neutral media such as 0.1 mol dm-3 KCl and 0.1 mol dm-3 KCl + 0.01 citrate buffer (pH=6). An important function of carbon nanotubes is to improve transport of electrons within the film. Co-deposition of the peroxidase enzyme together with the cobalt porphyrin catalytic centers leads to bifunctional synergistic effect that is evident from sizeable positive shift of the oxygen reduction potentials and significant increase of voltammetric currents. The bio- electrocatalytic system also exhibits relatively much higher reductive activity towards hydrogen peroxide. It is reasonable to expect that the reduction of oxygen is initiated at cobalt porphyrin redox centers, and the undesirable hydro gen peroxide intermediate is further reduced at the horseradish or cabbage peroxidase enzymatic sites.
Semiconductor-Mediated Photocatalyzed Degradation of a Pesticide Derivative, Glyphosate in Aqueous Suspensions
Authors: Muneer Mohammad , Boxall Colin 
Published: November 2007

The photocatalytic degradation of a herbicide derivative,	glyphosate [(N-phosphonomethyl) glycine] has been investigated in aqueous suspensions of titanium dioxide at different pH values. The model compound was found to degrade more efficiently under alkaline pH where little or no adsorption of glyphosate occurs on the surface of the catalyst in the dark. The main degradation route involves the cleavage of the P-C bond giving rise to sarcosine and glycine as the intermediate products formed during the photooxidation process.
Kinetics and Mechanism of Hydrogen Electrode Reaction on Platinum at Elevated Temperatures
Authors: Macdonald Digby D. , Bao Jianer , Liao Cheng-Lung , Vilar Martinez Rodrigo E. 
Published: November 2007

The present work explored the kinetics and mechanism of the hydrogen electrode reaction on a platinized nickel electrode in alkaline solution over a wide temperature range from 18oC to 220oC using a controlled hydrodynamic cell. Quasi-steady state polarization data were obtained, and the Butler-Volmer equation was used to fit the data. The extracted transfer coefficients for the hydrogen oxidation and evolution branches display opposite temperature dependencies, resulting in the Tafel slope of the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) being temperature independent (approximately 120mV/dec). The reaction mechanism at ambient temperature is most probably the Volmer-Tafel sequence.	The exchange current density at ambient temperature is 0.55mA/cm2 rising to 9.43mA/cm2 at 200oC, and yields an activation energy of 17.3kJ/mole from an Arrhenius analysis.	This value is lower than that found for other forms of platinum electrodes (e.g., single crystal) in alkaline s olution.
Polyhedral Boranes as Electrochemical Hydrogen Storage Materials
Authors: Tokash Justin C. , McLafferty Jason , Zhang Yancheng , Coulson Wendy , Macdonald Digby D. 
Published: November 2007

A new research project has been initiated in our laboratory in order to study the complex electrochemical behavior of various polyhedral boranes (polyboranes). We have studied the	electrochemistry of the dodecahydrodocecaborate dianion for two different cations in anhydrous acetonitrile solutions. We have noticed interesting differences in the cyclic voltammograms for each solution. Also of interest is the	effect of various concentrations of the polyboranes. For instance, a solution of triethylamine dodecahydrodocecaborate ([(CH3CH2)3NH]2B12H12) at a concentration of 1 mM exhibits an oxidation wave whose potential value is dependent on the cycle number in a cyclic voltammogram. Additionally, by varying the polyborane concentration in a solution of tetra-n- butylammonium dodecahydrododecaborate ([(CH3CH2CH2CH2)4N] 2B12H12) from 1 to 10 mM, we notice additional oxidation	features occur at the higher concentrations.
Analysis of Drosophila Species Genome Size and Satellite DNA Content Reveals Significant Differences Among Strains as Well as Between Species
Authors: Bosco Giovanni , Campbell Paula , Leiva-Neto Joao T , Markow Therese A 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
The size of eukaryotic genomes can vary by several orders of magnitude, yet genome size does not correlate with the number of genes nor with the size or complexity of the organism. Although “whole”-genome sequences, such as those now available for 12 Drosophila species, provide information about euchromatic DNA content, they cannot give an accurate estimate of genome sizes that include heterochromatin or repetitive DNA content. Moreover, genome sequences typically represent only one strain or isolate of a single species that does not reflect intraspecies variation. To more accurately estimate whole-genome DNA content and compare these estimates to newly assembled genomes, we used flow cytometry to measure the 2C genome values, relative to Drosophila melanogaster. We estimated genome sizes for the 12 sequenced Drosophila species as well as 91 different strains of 38 species of Drosophilidae. Significant differences in intra- and interspecific 2C genome values exist within the Drosophilidae. Furthermore, by measuring polyploid 16C ovarian follicle cell underreplication we estimated the amount of satellite DNA in each of these species. We found a strong correlation between genome size and amount of satellite underreplication. Addition and loss of heterochromatin satellite repeat elements appear to have made major contributions to the large differences in genome size observed in the Drosophilidae.
The Role of Epistasis in the Manifestation of Heterosis: A Systems-Oriented Approach
Authors: Melchinger A E , Utz H F , Piepho H-P , Zeng Z-B , Schön C C 
Published: November 2007

AbstractHeterosis is widely used in breeding, but the genetic basis of this biological phenomenon has not been elucidated. We postulate that additive and dominance genetic effects as well as two-locus interactions estimated in classical QTL analyses are not sufficient for quantifying the contributions of QTL to heterosis. A general theoretical framework for determining the contributions of different types of genetic effects to heterosis was developed. Additive × additive epistatic interactions of individual loci with the entire genetic background were identified as a major component of midparent heterosis. On the basis of these findings we defined a new type of heterotic effect denoted as augmented dominance effect di* that comprises the dominance effect at each QTL minus half the sum of additive × additive interactions with all other QTL. We demonstrate that genotypic expectations of QTL effects obtained from analyses with the design III using testcrosses of recombinant inbred lines and composite-interval mapping precisely equal genotypic expectations of midparent heterosis, thus identifying genomic regions relevant for expression of heterosis. The theory for QTL mapping of multiple traits is extended to the simultaneous mapping of newly defined genetic effects to improve the power of QTL detection and distinguish between dominance and overdominance.
Pervasive and Largely Lineage-Specific Adaptive Protein Evolution in the Dosage Compensation Complex of Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Levine Mia T , Holloway Alisha K , Arshad Umbreen , Begun David J 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
Dosage compensation refers to the equalization of X-linked gene transcription among heterogametic and homogametic sexes. In Drosophila, the dosage compensation complex (DCC) mediates the twofold hypertranscription of the single male X chromosome. Loss-of-function mutations at any DCC protein-coding gene are male lethal. Here we report a population genetic analysis suggesting that four of the five core DCC proteins—MSL1, MSL2, MSL3, and MOF—are evolving under positive selection in D. melanogaster. Within these four proteins, several domains that range in function from X chromosome localization to protein–protein interactions have elevated, D. melanogaster-specific, amino acid divergence.
Les stratégies conversationnelles en français et en anglais : conventions ou reflet de divergences culturelles profondes?
Authors: Béal Christine 
Published: November 2007

5.C. Béal, « Conversational strategies in French and in English : a matter of conventions or the reflexion of deep cultural divergences ? »
The inspiration for this paper was found in A. Wierzbicka's Cross-cultural pragmatics (1991). The author describes contrastively some of the rules which underly conversation in French and in Australian English. The transcription of authentic recordings shows how each system works in isolation and what kind of conflicts emerge when both systems meet (in the case of native speakers or French using their own conversational strategies when expressing themselves in English). It is claimed that the observed differences reflect divergent cultural norms. underly conversation in French and in Australian English. The transcription of authentic recordings shows how each system works in isolation and what kind of conflicts emerge when both systems meet (in the case of native speakers or French using their own conversational strategies when expressing themselves in English). It is claimed that the observed differences reflect divergent cultural norms.
Les universaux de la grammaire
Authors: Wierzbicka Anna 
Published: November 2007

6. A. Wierzbicka, « The universal of grammar »
This paper explores the area of universal grammar, a concept which, in the context of natural semantics, is to be understood as the set of grammatical universels and other strategies allowed as part of the natural semantic metalanguage. It is very much a tentative paper with a large number of proposals and observations which await further exploration.
Du vers classique au l2-syllabe de Verlaine
Authors: Gouvard Jean-Michel 
Published: November 2007

J.-M. Gouvard
By scanning the distribution of morpheme and word boundaries in alexandrine lines, one may work out regularities which, abstracted from the syntax and meaning, reveal metrical structures. Regarding post-1850 verse, several linguistic phenomena are in favor of a 6-6 meter in lines in which a word runs over the caesura as in Pas de ces familiarités, je vous prie.
Un modèle localiste de la transitivité
Authors: Van Voorst Jan 
Published: November 2007

J. van Voorst
This study proposes a semantic analysis of transitivity that is centered around the different degrees of intimacy that can exist between the entities expressed by the subject and the direct object noun phrase. The analysis is based on phenomena pertaining to manner adverbiale and the individuation of the direct object. Lexical phenomena pertaining to psychological verbs and verbs like pousser and presser will be used to illustrate the model.
L'aspect et la copule vide dans la grammaire des titres
Authors: Vinet Marie-Thérèse 
Published: November 2007

M.-T. Vinet
The aim of this paper is to discuss the structure of predicate constructions without a copula in French headlines. We show that the categorial selection for the syntactic realization of predication is here partly determined by the semantic properties of a lexical verbal element. We also demonstrate the role of a non-overt Aspectual head in licensing DP predicates which are obligatorily free adjuncts in this register of French. Finally, a brief comparison of predicate constructions in Moroccan Arabic serves to emphasize the universality of certain aspects of these constructions.
Pouvoir, un marqueur d'évidentialité
Authors: Tasmowski Liliane , Dendale Patrick 
Published: November 2007

Liliane Tasmowski & Patrick Dendale : « Epistemic pouvoir, an evidential marker »
Taking into account the close relationship between devoir and pouvoir, we argue that epistemic pouvoir should be considered an evidential marker in the same way epistemic devoir is, which means that epistemic pouvoir signals information gained by inference. After a characterization of epistemic pouvoir along these lines, we address the problem of the influence of the conditional mood on both verbs.
Être ou ne pas être un verbe de sentiment
Authors: Ruwet Nicolas 
Published: November 2007

Nicolas Ruwet : « Être ou ne pas être un verbe de sentiment »
Since the beginnings of transformational/generative grammar, there has been a tendency among linguists to mix up true experiencer-verbs with other verb classes that happen to share with them the same syntactic frames and selectional restrictions. Formal tests that might make the distinction clear are hard to come by. A recourse to the phenomenological concept of intentionality (in the sense of Husserl and Heidegger) provides a way out : experiencer-verbs are intentional verbs, those other classes of verbs are not.
« À la Guadeloupe/ en Guadeloupe » : vers une interprétation cognitive ?
Authors: Reboul Sandrine 
Published: November 2007

Sandrine Reboul : « À la Guadeloupe/ En Guadeloupe : vers une interprétation cognitive ? »
The à la Guadeloupe/en Guadeloupe change occurs in present-day discourses. Beyong the usual description, whenever the determiner is connected with the preposition used with a toponyme, we discover that à la represents an exception. The prepositional change we study can be explained on account of the speaker : his perception of the referent takes part in the prepositional choice. This value gained through use is peripheral to a prototypical meaning but is involved in the development of a lexical definition.
Humour, Ironie — signification et usage
Authors: Lecointre Simone 
Published: November 2007

Simone Lecointre : « Humour, Ironie : signification et usage »
This essay on pragmatic linguistics takes another look at Wittgenstein's theory of « Real Linguistic Transactions » by analysing concrete applications. Different uses of the contrastive structure « HUMOUR vs IRONY » are demonstrated by varying co- enonciators and discursive situations. Taken within a specific context, each co-enonciator selects its extra-linguistic signs and sets up its own model of referenciation creating new « language games » each time. These « language games » change word « grammar » by changing references, resulting in « intercomprehension ».
Les Français de Côte d'Ivoire
Authors: Simard Yves 
Published: November 2007

Yves Simard: « Varieties of French spoken in Ivory Coast »
Our purpose in this paper is to present Ivorian Empirical Standard French as the result of vernacularization of Academic French, via two interdependant sociolinguistic factors, by Ivory Coast speakers having at least a secondary school education. These factors are the semantic structures peculiar to orality and the presence of a Pre-Creole French, originally spoken only by the uneducated but now used by the younger generation as a typical Ivorian language.
Que devient le français quand une langue nationale s'impose ? Conditions et formes d'appropriation du français en République Centrafricaine
Authors: Wenezoui-Déchamps Martine 
Published: November 2007

Martine Wenezoui-Déchamps : « Que devient le français quand une langue nationale s'impose ? Conditions et formes d'appropriation du français en République centrafricaine »

In Central African Republic (CAR) several vernaculars spoken by different ethnic groups coexist. But one vehicular dialect, called Sängö, has spread mainly in cities and is now frequently used for daily communication. This dialect tends to compete more and more with French which is only used for official matters and is still the teaching language. Because of this contact-situation many cases of borrowings and code-switching can be observed.
This mixing of languages, sometimes called « franc-sängo » », seems to be the most particule form of the appropriation of french in CAR.
Les figures de rhétorique : actualité, reconstruction, remploi
Authors: Douay-Soublin Françoise 
Published: November 2007

Françoise Douay-Soublin, Figures of Rhetoric : Relevance, Reconstruction, Recasting
Instead of claiming that the figures of rhetoric are relevant to contemporary linguistics, I argue for a dissociation between historical reconstruction and theoretical recasting.
Reconstructing Dumarsais and Fontanier's works on meaning, we realize that they themselves, in their lifetimes, turned from figures of rhetoric (metaphor, metonymy, synecdoche) to early pre-semantic terminology (acceptation, extension, value). Recasting the core of the trope theory in the scope of contemporary discourse analysis leads us to move from oblique description of objects, through analogy or detail (metaphor & metonymy), to intersubjective relations from speaker to listener, through evolutive and ambiguous meanings (antanaclasis & paradiastole).
Rhétorique et pragmatique : les figures revisitées
Authors: Kerbrat-Orecchioni Catherine 
Published: November 2007

Catherine Kerbrat-Orecchioni, Rhetoric and Pragmatics : Figures reconsidered
In this paper the notions of 'figure' and 'trope' are to be considered in the light of the recent development of pragmatics, emphasizing the two following aspects :
1. Broadening the notion of trope : the existence of pragmatic tropes, like the 'illocutionary trope', is now admitted together with the semantic tropes of classic rhetoric. Indirect speech acts show many common features indeed with e.g. metaphors and antiphrasis.
2. Figures and 'faces' : rhetorical figures may be called upon in 'face-work' (Goffman) and politeness (Brown & Levinson), namely to contribute towards the harmonious management of the interpersonal relation, besides their traditional acknowledged ornamental and argumentative functions.
Les figures éteintes dans le lexique de haute fréquence
Authors: Picoche Jacqueline , Honeste Marie Luce 
Published: November 2007

Jacqueline Picoche & Marie-Luce Honeste, The Treatment of Conventionalized Figures in Lexicon Items of a High Frequency
In this paper, the authors study only two main figures, metaphor and metonymy, and a third, secondary and hybrid one, named catachresis. This figures are important for the polysemic development of words. The first one seems to be explained by a movement of « subduction » or abstraction and semantical impoverishment, notion borrowed from the french linguist Gustave Guillaume and important in the works of Jacqueline Picoche. The second one seems to be explained by a contrary movement of thought, that she calls « transduction » : isolation of a semantic component in the semem n° 1 and injection of this component in a semem n° 2, of equal or superior semantic wealth. The examples are chosen in the french high-frequency vocabulary. So, the matter is extremely common and worn out figures, whose figure status must be explained diachronically ; but an adequate stylistic treatment can give them back something of their previous vigour, and even synchronically there are reasons for chosing a figurative ordination of the semens. verishment, notion borrowed from the french linguist Gustave Guillaume and important in the works of Jacqueline Picoche. The second one seems to be explained by a contrary movement of thought, that she calls « transduction » : isolation of a semantic component in the semem n° 1 and injection of this component in a semem n° 2, of equal or superior semantic wealth. The examples are chosen in the french high-frequency vocabulary. So, the matter is extremely common and worn out figures, whose figure status must be explained diachroni- cally ; but an adequate stylistic treatment can give them back something of their previous vigour, and even synchronically there are reasons for chosing a figurative ordination of the semens.
De quelques débats sur le rôle de la langue parlée dans les évolutions diachroniques
Authors: Blanche-Benveniste Claire 
Published: November 2007

Claire Blanche-Benveniste : « De quelques débats sur le rôle de la langue parlée dans les évolutions diachroniques »
This paper discusses some widespread arguments about the influence exerted by spoken French on the diachronic general evolution of French syntax. The focus is put on four main topics : the search for first attested instances of syntactic « errors » in spoken French ; the impact of young generations « errors » ; différents ways of counting syntactic features involved in those errors ; the relations between such « errors » and some of the general syntactic evolutions of French language that can be listed during XXth century. The conclusion would be that spoken language is less influencial on the general evolution than usually asserted.
Système et histoire du système : l'évolution de ce que introducteur de subordonnées
Authors: Pierrard Michel 
Published: November 2007

Michel Pierrard : « Système et histoire du système : l'évolution de ce que introducteur de subordonnées »
This paper argues that a diachronic approch to the development of ce que within the interrogative-exclamative-relative framework furnishes an indispensable complement to the understanding of its present functioning. The history of the system provides a standard for apprehending the variety of discourse values and for imposing a hierarchy and structure on the complexity of the synchronic data.