bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Younger-Old and Older-Old Adults' Recall of Medication Instructions
Authors: McDonald-Miszczak Leslie , Neupert Shevaun D. , Gutman Gloria 
Published: February 2006

ABSTRACTThe present study was conducted to expand research showing that older adults' expectations that they will recall particular medication instructions do not coincide with their actual ability to do so. Seventy-one younger-old adults (M = 68.10 years, range = 57–74) and 62 older-old adults (M = 80.31 years, range = 75–89) made judgements about the likelihood of their recalling medication instructions and about their confidence in their recall. The results indicate that older-old adults recall fewer instructions than do younger-old adults and that both groups overestimate their ability to recall the instructions. This research suggests that problems remembering to take medication may be due, in part, to older adults' overestimating the ease with which they will remember medication instructions.
Peter G. Coleman and Ann O'Hanlon. Ageing and Development. New York: Oxford University Press, 2004.
Authors: Pushkar Dolores 
Published: February 2006

RÉSUMÉAging as a Social Process est un ouvrage exhaustif qui vise à élucider les aspects physiologiques, psychologiques et sociaux du vieillissement et à établir des liens entre ces aspects, mais qui met essentiellement l'accent sur les processus sociaux liés aux expériences individuelles et à la force des structures sociales. L'ouvrage a été mis à jour et bonifié afin de tenir compte de la diversité croissante en matière de vieillissement et d'aînés ainsi que de la croissance concomitante dans le domaine de la recherche. L'approche qui consiste à envisager ces enjeux en fonction d'un cycle de vie, et à faire fait état de la diversité des expériences vécues par des individus qui passent à travers les différentes étapes de la vie en étant exposés à différents contextes historiques et culturels, permet d'établir des liens entre les nombreux sujets abordés dans ce texte. Ce livre est fortement recommandé pour les étudiants qui suivent des cours de sociologie du vieillissement, d'introduction à la gérontologie ou d'autres cours connexes. Il s'agit également d'un ouvrage de référence utile pour les personnes qui mènent des recherches ou pour les professionnels qui prennent part à l'élaboration de politiques ou de programmes ciblant les personnes âgées d'aujourd'hui ou de demain.
Double-Duty Caregiving: Women in the Health Professions
Authors: Ward-Griffin Catherine , Brown Judith Belle , Vandervoort Anthony , McNair Susan , Dashnay Ian 
Published: February 2006

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this feminist narrative study was to examine the experiences of women in four different health professions (nursing, medicine, physiotherapy, and social work) who provided care to elderly relatives. Although caring is a central and common feature of the personal and professional lives of many women (Baines, Evans, & Neysmith, 1991; Baines, 2004), the separation of professional, paid caregiving from family, unpaid caregiving among health care providers is problematic. Study findings suggest that female health professionals who assume familial responsibilities continually negotiate the boundaries between their professional and personal caring work. Despite the use of a variety of strategies for managing their double-duty caregiving demands, many women experienced a dramatic blurring or erosion of these boundaries, resulting in feelings of isolation, tension, and extreme physical and mental exhaustion. These findings suggest that women who are double-duty caregivers, especially those with limited time, finances, or other tangible supports, may experience poor health, which warrants further study.
DNase I activity in pig MII oocytes: implications in transgenesis
Authors: Zannoni Augusta , Spinaci Marcella , Bernardini Chiara , Bacci Maria Laura , Seren Eraldo , Mattioli Mauro , Forni Monica 
Published: March 2006

Several reliable methods to produce transgenic animals utilize the male genome. After penetration into oocyte, sperm DNA undergoes dramatic conformational changes that could represent a great opportunity for exogenous DNA to be integrated in the zygote genome. Among the enzymes responsible for sperm remodeling, a nuclease could be involved. The presence of a DNase I in oocytes has not been much investigated. To date, an immunolocalization of DNase I has been reported only in rat immature oocytes and the presence of nuclease activities has been shown in avian oocytes.
The present study was conducted to verify whether a DNase-I like activity is present in MII mature pig oocytes. To do this, oocyte extracts were assessed for nuclease activity by a plasmid degradation assay and by zymography; these analyses evidenced a 33 kDa, Ca2+/Mg2+ dependent DNase I-like activity that was inhibited by Zn2+. A further identification of DNase I was achieved by Western blot, immunofluorescence and RT-PCR experiments. Moreover, the presence of the enzyme activity was confirmed by the rapid degradation of exogenous DNA microinjected into the ooplasm. Finally, the exogenous DNA transferred to oocyte by spermatozoa during sperm mediated gene transfer in vitro fertilisation protocol seemed to be protected from DNase I degradation and to persist in the ooplasm till 6 h.
These results, together with the high efficiency of sperm based transgenesis methods, suggest that the association with spermatozoa protects exogenous DNA from nuclease activities.
Hemodynamics Among Neonates With Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy During Whole-Body Hypothermia and Passive Rewarming
Authors: Gebauer Corinna Mirjam , Knuepfer Matthias , Robel-Tillig Eva , Pulzer Ferdinand , Vogtmann Christoph 
Published: March 2006

OBJECTIVE. To assess changes in cardiac performance, with Doppler echocardiography, among newborns with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy during mild therapeutic hypothermia and during rewarming.METHODS. For 7 asphyxiated neonates (birth weight: 1840–3850 g; umbilical artery pH: 6.70–6.95) who received mild whole-body hypothermia, the following hemodynamic parameters were determined immediately before rewarming (33°C) and during passive rewarming (35°C and 37°C): heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, core and peripheral temperatures, left ventricular ejection time, mean velocity of aortic flow, stroke volume, and cardiac output.RESULTS. Heart rate decreased during hypothermia. Bradycardia, with heart rates below 80 beats per minute, did not occur. The median difference between core and peripheral temperatures decreased from 2.0°C (range: 0–6.2°C) during hypothermia to 0.7°C (range: 0.4–1.9°C) at normothermia. Cardiac output was reduced to 67% and stroke volume to 77% of the posthypothermic level. The median heart rate was 129 beats per minute before rewarming and increased to 148 beats per minute during complete rewarming. Before and during passive rewarming, hypotension was not observed. Before, during, and at the end of rewarming, the following parameters increased: mean velocity of aortic flow (median: 44, 55, and 58 cm/second, respectively), stroke volume (median: 1.42, 1.55, and 1.94 mL/kg, respectively), and cardiac output (median: 169, 216, and 254 mL/kg per minute, respectively). Left ventricular ejection time remained unchanged.CONCLUSIONS. Whole-body hypothermia resulted in reduced cardiac output, which reached normal levels at the end of passive rewarming, at normothermia. Physiologic cardiovascular mechanisms seemed to be intact to provide sufficient tissue perfusion, with normal blood lactate levels.
Snore-Associated Sleep Fragmentation in Infancy: Mental Development Effects and Contribution of Secondhand Cigarette Smoke Exposure
Authors: Montgomery-Downs Hawley E. , Gozal David 
Published: March 2006

OBJECTIVE. The link between sleep-disordered breathing and neurocognitive functioning in preschool and school-aged children now has been established clearly. Within these age groups, isolated studies have examined the potential effect of snoring without gas exchange abnormalities on aspects of cognitive competence. The goal of the study was to test the potential association between snoring and decrements in developmental performance among infants.
METHODS. Thirty-five healthy community infants (8.2 ± 0.4 months) were administered the Bayley Scales of Infant Development, including the Mental Development Index (MDI), after standard, overnight research polysomnography.
RESULTS. The apnea-hypopnea index for all infants was 0. Respiratory arousal index was significantly correlated with MDI. Snoring-associated arousals accounted exclusively for this relationship; spontaneous arousals and those that were associated with central apnea and oxyhemoglobin desaturation episodes (≥4%) were not significantly correlated with MDI. Living in a smoking household was not significantly associated with the presence of objectively recorded snoring but was associated with an increase in arousal frequency in snoring infants.
CONCLUSIONS. Infants with lower scores on a standardized mental development assessment had higher snoring-arousal indices. Because neither apnea nor hypopnea was present, these findings constitute additional evidence that snoring is not just an innocent noise during sleep in infants but may in fact represent the lower end of the disease spectrum associated with sleep-disordered breathing. Secondhand exposure to cigarette smoke may increase the deleterious effects of infant snoring.
Interleukin-17A: A T-Cell-Derived Growth Factor for Murine and Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Authors: Huang Weitao , La Russa Vincent , Alzoubi Azam , Schwarzenberger Paul 
Published: March 2006

AbstractInterleukin-17A (IL-17A) is a proinflammatory cytokine expressed in activated T-cells. It is required for microbial host defense and is a potent stimulator of granulopoiesis. In a dose-dependent fashion, IL-17A expanded human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and induced the proliferation of mature stroma cells in bone marrow-derived stroma cultures. Recombinant human interleukin-17A (rhIL-17A) nearly doubled colony-forming unit-fibroblast (CFU-f) frequency and almost tripled the surface area covered by stroma. In a murine transplant model, in vivo murine (m)IL-17A expression enhanced CFU-f by 2.5-fold. Enrichment of the graft with CD4+ T-cell resulted in a 7.5-fold increase in CFU-f in normal C57BL/6, but only threefold in IL-17Ra−/− mice on day 14 post-transplant. In this transplant model, in vivo blockade of IL-17A in C57BL/6 mice resembled the phenotype of IL-17Ra−/− mice. Approximately half of the T-cell-mediated effect on MSC recovery following radiation-conditioned transplantation was attributed to the IL-17A/IL-17Ra pathway. Pluripotent MSCs have the potential of regenerating various tissues, and mature stroma cells are critical elements of the hematopoietic microenvironment (HME). The HME is pivotal for formation and maintenance of functional blood cells. As a newly identified stroma cell growth factor, IL-17A might have potential applications for novel treatment approaches involving MSCs, such as tissue graft engineering.
COMPUTER‐ASSISTED OBSERVER TRAINING
Authors: Bass Roger F. 
Published: March 2006

Computerized interactive videotapes were used to train college students to use a 10‐second partial‐interval observational recording system. Students viewed videotapes and scored response occurrences on a computer keyboard. Incorrect scoring resulted in immediate computerized feedback and rescoring.Two independent variables, three versus seven target behaviors, and maintenance (thinning feedback) versus nonmaintenance (no feedback) training were compared. Average accuracy values across all target behaviors were consistently above 90%, and the lowest accuracy values obtained for most target responses typically met current standards for interobserver agreement. Data indicate the standard practice of occasional observer agreement checks may be inadequate.
Association Between Coping With Anger and Feelings of Depression Among Youths
Authors: Goodwin Renee D. 
Published: March 2006

Objectives. I examined the association, among youths, between coping behavior when angry and depression. Methods. Data were drawn from the Health Behavior in School-Aged Children in the United States survey (n=9938). Factor analyses and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to determine the association between self-reported coping behavior when angry and depression. Gender-specific models were run. Results. Factor analysis of 11 coping behaviors indicated a 4-factor solution: substance use, physical activity, emotional coping behavior, and aggressive behavior. Substance use, emotional coping, and aggressive behavior coping were associated with increased likelihood of depression, whereas physical activity was associated with decreased likelihood of depression. Male youths were more likely to engage in physical activity and were less likely to feel depressed. Conclusions. These data provide preliminary evidence of a link between specific coping behavior when angry and the likelihood of depression among youths. Whether these associations may be useful in identifying youths at risk for depression cannot be determined from these data alone but may be an important area for future study.
A gender‐moderated effect of a functional COMT polymorphism on prefrontal brain morphology and function in velo‐cardio‐facial syndrome (22q11.2 deletion syndrome)
Authors: Kates Wendy R. , Antshel Kevin M. , AbdulSabur Nuria , Colgan Deirdre , Funke Birgit , Fremont Wanda , Higgins Anne Marie , Kucherlapati Raju , Shprintzen Robert J. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractCaused by a microdeletion at the q11.2 locus of chromosome 22, velo‐cardio‐facial syndrome (also known as VCFS, 22q11 deletion syndrome, DiGeorge sequence, and conotruncal anomalies face syndrome) is associated with a distinctive physical, neurocognitive, and psychiatric phenotype. Increasing interest has centered on identifying the candidate genes within the deleted region that may contribute to this phenotype. One attractive candidate gene is catechol‐O‐methyltransferase (COMT) because it encodes for a protein that degrades dopamine. Variability in COMT activity is related to a Val158Met polymorphism that has been implicated in prefrontal lobe cognitive and neuropsychiatric function. We examined the effect of this polymorphism on prefrontal anatomy and frontally‐mediated neuropsychological function in 58 children with VCFS, 26 who were hemizygous for the Met allele and 32 for the Val allele. We found an allele by gender interaction effect on the volumes of the dorsal prefrontal and orbital prefrontal cortices. We did not find significant allele or gender by allele effects on neuropsychological tasks, although girls with the Met allele tended to perform better on the Wisconsin card sorting task. These data suggest that this functional COMT polymorphism may play a gender‐moderated role in determining the neuroanatomic phenotype of individuals with VCFS. Longitudinal evaluation of these children is essential in order to identify potential clinical implications of this allele by gender interaction. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A point mutation at the calreticulin gene core promoter conserved sequence in a case of schizophrenia
Authors: Aghajani Ali , Rahimi Alireza , Fadai Farbod , Ebrahimi Ahmad , Najmabadi Hossein , Ohadi Mina 
Published: March 2006

AbstractExposure to atypical antipsychotic drugs such as valproate increases the expression of chaperones that assist in the folding of proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) including calreticulin, GRP78/BiP, GRP94, and PD1. This neuroprotective role may be involved in the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. The 5′‐flanking region of the human calreticulin gene was screened in 100 cases of schizophrenia by PCR/SSCA between −485 and +1 basepair (bp) relative to the transcription start site. A G > C point mutation was detected at −48 in a case of paranoid schizophrenia, which was not detected in 280 unrelated control subjects (560 chromosomes). This is the first report of mutation in relation with the calreticulin gene. The −48G > C mutation creates a CpG site at the core promoter region of the gene. The role of this mutation remains to be clarified in the pathophysiology of the disease. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Persulfurierte aromatische Verbindungen
Authors: Gingras Marc , Raimundo Jean‐Manuel , Chabre Yoann M. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractPersulfurierte Arene sind zwar schon seit etwa 50 Jahren bekannt, ihre Chemie ist aber trotz der einfachen und effizienten Synthesen unter milden Bedingungen nur unzureichend untersucht. Ihre Eigenschaften (Redoxpotentiale, UV/Vis‐Absorption, Leitfähigkeit, nichtlineare optische Eigenschaften) sind einerseits auf die Aromatizität des Rings mit sp2‐hybridisierten Kohlenstoffatomen und andererseits auf den elektronischen Beitrag der divalenten Schwefelsubstituenten zurückzuführen, die auch negative oder positive Ladungen stabilisieren können. Die charakteristischen Konformationsmuster der Schwefelliganden ermöglichen häufig die Präorganisation zu supramolekularen Aggregaten mit oder ohne thiophile Metallkationen. Anwendungen solcher Spezies finden sich in der Entwicklung von Redoxsensoren, ionenselektiven Membranen, Clathraten, organischen Leitern, nichtlinearen optischen Materialien, Flüssigkristallen, Koordinationspolymeren und bioanorganischen Systemen. Darüber hinaus wurde eine neue Klasse von Supermolekülen mit verschiedenen Molekülformen wie Sternen, Ketten, Rädern und Windmühlen beschrieben.
Synthesis of Tyrosinase Inhibitory Kojic Acid Derivative
Authors: Lee Yong Sup , Park Jang Hyun , Kim Min Hwan , Seo Seon Hee , Kim Hyoung Ja 
Published: March 2006

AbstractKojic acid derivative 2 was synthesized by joining two pyrone rings through an ethylene linkage by Horner‐Emmons reaction of phosphonate 6 with aldehyde 7. The intermediates 6 and 7 were derived from kojic acid. The tyrosinase inhibitory activity of 2 was about 8 times more potent (IC50 = 3.63 μM) than that of kojic acid (IC50 = 30.61 μM). Compound 2 also exhibited potent melanin synthesis inhibitory activity (19.53% inhibition at 5 μg) indicating that the connection of two pyrone rings of kojic acid through a suitable linker can be an useful strategy for identification of potent tyrosinase inhibitiors.
Accumulation of apoptotic cells in the epidermis of patients with cutaneous lupus erythematosus after ultraviolet irradiation
Authors: Kuhn Annegret , Herrmann Martin , Kleber Susanne , Beckmann‐Welle Maria , Fehsel Karin , Martin‐Villalba Ana , Lehmann Percy , Ruzicka Thomas , Krammer Peter H. , Kolb‐Bachofen Victoria 
Published: March 2006

AbstractObjectiveTo examine whether apoptosis contributes to the pathogenesis of skin lesions in patients with cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) after ultraviolet (UV) irradiation.MethodsIn situ nick translation and TUNEL were performed to detect apoptosis in 85 skin biopsy specimens from patients with various subtypes of CLE. Specimens from normal healthy donors and patients with polymorphous light eruption were used as controls. In addition to assessment of primary lesions, provocative phototesting was carried out to investigate events occurring secondary to UV irradiation during a very early stage of lesion formation.ResultsA significant increase in apoptotic nuclei was found in the upper epidermal layer of primary and UV light–induced skin lesions of CLE patients compared with controls. In tissue sections obtained from control subjects at 24 hours after a single exposure to UV light, a slight increase in the count of epidermal apoptotic nuclei was present as compared with skin tissue from CLE patients obtained under the same conditions before lesion formation. In sections obtained from controls at 72 hours after irradiation, a significant decrease in the apoptotic nuclei count was observed, consistent with a proper clearance of apoptotic cells in the period between 24 and 72 hours after irradiation. In striking contrast, the number of apoptotic nuclei increased significantly within this period in tissue sections from patients with CLE.ConclusionThese data support the hypothesis that apoptotic cells accumulate in the skin of patients with CLE after UV irradiation, as a result of impaired or delayed clearance. The nonengulfed cells may undergo secondary necrosis and release proinflammatory compounds and potential autoantigens, which may contribute to the inflammatory micromilieu that leads to formation of skin lesions in this disease.
Abundance of the long pentraxin PTX3 at sites of leukocytoclastic lesions in patients with small‐vessel vasculitis
Authors: van Rossum Andre P. , Pas Hendri H. , Fazzini Fausto , Huitema Minke G. , Limburg Pieter C. , Jonkman Marcel F. , Kallenberg Cees G. M. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractObjectiveThe prototypical tissue pentraxin PTX3 inhibits phagocytosis of late apoptotic polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) by macrophages. Levels of PTX3 parallel disease activity in small‐vessel vasculitis. Small‐vessel vasculitis is often characterized by leukocytoclasia, a phenomenon of accumulation of nuclear remnants from unscavenged PMNs in or near the vessel wall. We therefore hypothesized that PTX3 accumulates at sites of leukocytoclastic vasculitis and, as such, is a key factor for the induction of leukocytoclasis.MethodsWe examined skin biopsy samples from 13 patients with small‐vessel vasculitis and from 4 healthy and 3 inflammatory skin disease controls. Biopsy tissues, characterized histopathologically as leukocytoclastic vasculitis, were studied for the presence of PTX3 using rabbit anti‐PTX3 polyclonal antibodies. Sections were scored morphometrically for leukocytoclastic infiltrates in conjunction with PTX3 staining. Morphometric scores were expressed as percentages of staining of the total tissue area.ResultsBiopsy specimens from patients with leukocytoclastic vasculitis revealed an abundant up‐regulation of PTX3 at sites of leukocytoclastic infiltrates. Significantly more PTX3 was found in tissues from the 13 patients with vasculitis (mean ± SEM 48.9 ± 6.1%) than in tissues from the 7 controls (4.5 ± 2.7%) (P = 0.0003). PTX3 was localized around vessels, as well as spread diffusely throughout the tissue.ConclusionPTX3 is abundantly present at sites of leukocytoclastic infiltrates in patients with small‐vessel vasculitis, but not in controls. Since PTX3 inhibits phagocytosis of late apoptotic PMNs by macrophages and is strongly up‐regulated at sites of leukocytoclastic infiltration, PTX3 is a candidate factor in the phenomenon of leukocytoclasia in small‐vessel vasculitis.