bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A program of self‐administered fluorides in a rural school system
Authors: Horowitz Herschel S. , Heifetz Stanley B. , Meyers Rhea J. , Driscoll Williams S. , Li Shou‐Hua 
Published: May 2006

AbstractIn 1972, a self‐administered fluoride program was initiated in Nelson County, VA, a fluoride‐deficient area. Children in elementary school (grades K‐6) ingest daily a 1‐mg fluoride tablet, rinse weekly with 0.2% NaF solution and receive fluoride dentifrice for home use. In 1978, dental examinations of elementary schoolchildren (ages 6‐12) who had continuously participated in the program for 1 to 6 years showed a prevalence of 2.70 DMFS, 45 % lower than the score of 4.89 DMFS for their cohorts at the baseline. The preventive program inhibited dental caries effectively in all types of surfaces, but the reduction in proximal surfaces of 85% is particularly striking. Findings of high school children (ages 13‐17) in 1978, who had not participated in the elementary school program for 1‐5 years, showed evidence of strong post‐treatment effects. At each succeeding follow‐up survey, benefits have continued to improve. For elementary school participants, benefits were 17.7%after2years, 35.3% after 4 years and 44.8% after 6 years. Weekly fluoride mouthrinsing and daily ingestion of a fluoride tablet are feasible school‐based procedures for the prevention of dental caries. Combined with the use of a fluoride dentifrice at home, these procedures have a pronounced cariostatic effect.
Answers from dentists, dental hygienists and dental assistants to questions asked by patients concerning preventive dental matters
Authors: Eijkman M. A. J. , de With C. 
Published: May 2006

Abstract142 dentists, 21 dental hygienists and 35 dental assistants were asked lo fill in a questionnaire which consisted of 40 questions about preventive dental matters regularly asked by Dutch dental patients. The 40 questions were submitted to experts in the field of preventive dentistry. The experts were in agreement on 26 questions. It was decided to use these questions for analysis. The average percentage of correctly answered questions was: for the dentists 53%, for the dental hygienists 58% and for the dental assistants 37%. The group of 142 dentists was further analyzed. It appears that the knowledge about preventive dental matters increases subsequently with each year of gradual ion. Analysis of the dentists who graduated from Dutch dental schools in their capacity as private practitioner, as faculty member or in the school dental service, revealed that there was no difference in knowledge between these groups. With some reservations the conclusion can be stated that an obvious necessity exists for post‐academic courses in preventive dentistry in the groups concerned. Greater uniformity is needed between the views of the experts and the dental professionals who treat patients daily.
Social background and dental care habits and attitudes of Finnish immigrants in Sweden
Authors: Widström Eeva , Martinsson Thore 
Published: May 2006

AbstractForeign citizens today constitute 5% of the Swedish population. While several epidemiological investigations have dealt with dental care habits in the Swedish population, very little is known about the dental care habits of immigrants. This constitutes a factor of uncertainty in the planning of dental care. A random sample of 170 Finnish immigrants, 20‐80 years old, in the community of Huddinge was selected. They were summoned to the Faculty Clinics for interview and clinical and radiographic examination. 143 persons appeared for examination. The interview showed that 46.6% of the subjects had never visited a dentist in Sweden though 80% of them intended to remain in Sweden. 19.8% still made more or less regular use of dental services in Finland. The low frequency of utilization of dental services is mainly due to the difficulty in obtaining dental care, lack of knowledge of Swedish, lack of interest and fear of pain. According to the present study Finns in Sweden utilize dental services to a smaller extent than Swedes. The decision of principle adopted by the Swedish parliament in 1968 that immigrants shall be able to live under the same conditions as the Swedes seems not to be fully achieved with regard to the dental care of Finnish immigrants.
Supplier inducement – its relative effect on demand and utilization
Authors: Grytten Jostein 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThe present study examined the relative effect of supplier inducement on demand as opposed to on utilization. Supply of dentists was measured as population: dentist ratio at the level of trade areas. The dependent variable was number of dental visits during the last year. The probability of having, any visa was used as the measure of demand. Number of visits, conditional upon having any visit, was used as the measure of utilization. The data were analyzed using Tobit analysis. This analysis gave the fraction of the total effect of a marginal increase in supply that is due to an increase in utilization as opposed to an increase in demand. The analysis was performed on a national sample comprising 1186 adult Norwegians. Supplier inducement had nearly the same effect on demand as on utilization. This finding may be a result of the payment system for dental care, which relates each item of service to the average time it takes to perform that item. Income opportunities for dentists are then fairly independent of whether they spend their time doing check‐ups or treatment. The finding indicates that supplier induced demand is a factor to consider in addition to supplier induced utilization when one tries to explain how supplier inducement may affect the unequal distribution of dentists.
Changes in radiographic bone level in orthodontically treated teenagers over a 4‐year period
Authors: Aass Anne Merete , Gjermo Per 
Published: May 2006

AbstractIn 1984 the prevalence of subjects with radiographic bone loss was assessed in all 14‐year‐old schoolchildren in Oslo (n = 2767). An overrepresentation of subjects with bone loss was found among those undergoing orthodontic treatment. The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of orthodontic treatment on the prevalence and incidence of radiographic bone loss during the following 4‐yr period. Bitewing radiographs from 1984, 1986, and 1988 of a sample of 438 subjects from the original population constituted the study material. Bone loss was recorded if the distance from the alveolar crest to the ccmentoenamel junction exceeded 2 mm. I I 1 subjects (25.3%) had received orthodontic treatment. In 1984, 18 of them (16.2%) exhibited bone loss. The corresponding figure for the 327 non‐treated children was 14 (4.3%). The incidence of subjects with new tooth sites with bone loss among those with a record of previous orthodontic treatmen t was 1.1% and 3.2% in the periods 1984–1986and1986–1988, respectively. Among those who had never received such treatment the incidence figures were 3.2% in the period1984–86 and 2.0% in the last period. The results indicated that the majority of the bone loss observed during or immediately after termination of orthodontic treatment was transient in nature.
Referral pattern of patients with oral mucosal lesions in The Netherlands
Authors: Jovanovic Andreas , Schulten Engelbert A.J.M. , van der Waal Isaäc 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThe referral pattern of 140 Dutch patients with oral mucosal lesions, who had been referred to a Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery and Oral Pathology, shows that patients with oral mucosal lesions consult the dentist as often as the family doctor as the first source of help or information. Furthermore, family doctors were much more used to refer patients with oral mucosal disease to medical specialists rather than to the dentist or the oral and maxillofacial surgeon.
Correction of self‐assessment of dental conditions
Authors: Arnbjerg Dorte , Söderfeldt Björn , Palmqvist Sigvard 
Published: May 2006

AbstractA correction matrix or self‐assessed data on dental conditions was developed. 100 subjects, who were randomly selected among 2383 respondents to a questionnaire, were clinically examined. The dental conditions, determined clinically and through self‐assessment, were recoiled to seven dental categories, and the agreement between the two methods of reporting were investigated for persons with prosthodontic work and/or edentulous persons the sell‐assessment was valid, whereas people with remaining teeth over reported their dental conditions through sell‐assessment. The over reporting did not depend on gender, but was dependent on age, which again was related to dental status. The over reporting was most marked for persons having one to two single teeth or several single teeth missing and not replaced.
Comparative effectiveness of visual/tactile and simplified screening examinations in caries risk assessment
Authors: Disney Judith A. , Abernathy James R. , Graves Richard C. , Mauriello Sally M. , Bohannan Harry M. , Zack Denis D. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractCentral to the development of a model for identifying children at high risk to caries is a clinical evaluation to assess dental status and other conditions potentially useful in caries prediction. Traditionally, this evaluation has been based on a relatively lengthy visual/tactile examination conducted by a dentist. Replacing the dentist examination with a dental auxiliary conducted screening evaluation could lead to reduced time and costs. The 4‐yr University of North Carolina Curies Risk Assessment Study involved approximately 5000 schoolchildren initially in Grades 1 and 5 living near Aiken, South Carolina, and Portland, Maine. The effectiveness of caries prediction models using visual/tactile examination data were compared with the same models using simplified screening evaluation data. Results showed sensitivity ranged from 0.57 to 0.61 for the visual/tactile and screening models by site and grade cohort. Specificity for the models ranged from 0.80 to 0.83. None of these differences in sensitivity and specificity between visual/tactile (dentist) and screening (hygienist) models was statistically significant. Findings show that for the prediction of children at high risk to dental caries the clinical evaluation may be conducted with no reduction of precision by using dental hygienist performed screening evaluations rather than dentist conducted visual/tactile examinations. While no cost data were collected, these results imply that costs to future prediction programs could be reduced by using screening evaluations.
Caries prevalence among adults in communities with optimal and low water fluoride concentrations
Authors: Wiktorsson Ann‐Marie , Martinsson Thore , Zimmerman Mikael 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThe aim of this study was to compare the dental health status of adults measured as caries prevalence in two socioeconomically similar communities with optimal and low water fluoride concentrations respectively. Other topical fluoride sources are also taken into consideration. The study is based on clinical and radiological examinations of 30–40‐yr‐ofd subjects who for all their lives have been drinking water with a fluoride concentration representative for the community. 260 individuals resident in the optimal fluoride area and 236 from the low fluoride are included in the study. The results show that caries prevalence was lower in the optimal fluoride area. Caries prevalence was higher in women than in men within both groups. The prevalence of primary caries was low but significantly higher in the low fluoride area, principally in the form of proximal caries. Caries prevalence was not influenced by other topical fluoride sources.
Prevalence of caries in adolescents in relation to diet
Authors: Larsson Bengt , Johansson Ingegerd , Ericson Thorild 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to compare dietary habits between adolescents with high or low dental caries prevalence. All 15‐yr‐old adolescents living in a small community in Northern Sweden were studied in 1987, 1988, and 1989. The median values for energy and nutrient intake exceeded or were close to the recommendations (SNR89) given by the Swedish National Food Administration. The fiber intake did not reach the recommended daily amount even for the 90th percentile of (he studied cohort. Nineteen percent of the adolescents had caries free teeth and 10% had nine or more decayed or filled surfaces. There was no difference in daily sucrose intake or average number of meals per day between these two groups. The group with nine or more decayed or filled surfaces had worse dietary habits, expressed as a higher fat intake, lower intake of complex carbohydrates, and lower density of iron (mg/MJ) than the group with no dental caries. Dietary counseling by dentists should be a valuable addition to other caries prophylactic measures taken by the dentists.
Effect of conventional dental restorative treatment on bacteria in saliva
Authors: Wright J. Tim , Cutter Gary R. , Dasanayake Ananda P. , MacStiles H. , Caufield Page W. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractDental caries results from the dissolution of mineralized dental tissues by the metabolic by‐products of oral bacteria colonizing the surface of teeth. The principal modality for dealing with this infectious process is through restorative treatment which removes the pathologic tissue and replaces it with a variety of inert materials. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of traditional restorative treatment on select oral bacterial populations. Fifty‐two females demonstrating high levels of mutans streptococci (≥ 2.5 × 104 colony forming units (cfu) per ml saliva) with no more than four missing posterior teeth were recruited for this study. Salivary levels of mutans streptococci, lactobacilli, total streptococci, and total cultivable bacteria were evaluated before, during, and after restorative treatment. Initial DMFS scores were established by two standardized examiners using bitewing radiographs and clinical examination, which was conducted under optimal conditions. All restorative treatment was completed by faculty members of the University of Alabama School of Dentistry using treatment plans developed by the DMFS examiners. The participants received a mean of 16.4 restored surfaces, which resulted in significant reductions of all the bacterial populations tested. All microbial populations monitored were predicted to return to their baseline levels within 151 days after restorative treatment in 50% of the participants. This study shows that conventional restorative treatment results in a significant reduction of bacterial populations including those associated with the dental caries process, i.e., mutans streptococci and lactobacilli. Although restorative treatment is essential for replacing form and function to the dentition, it does not appear to have a prolonged effect on any of the salivary bacterial populations monitored, including those thought responsible for dental caries. Ideally, comprehensive treatment of dental caries should address the infectious nature of this disease through modalities directed at controlling bacterial colonization as well as restoring the afflicted dentition.
Investigation of delay in utilization ot government dental services in Malaysia
Authors: Jaafar Nasruddin , Jalalluddin Raja Latifah , Razak Ishak Abdul , Esa Rashidah 
Published: May 2006

AbstractAlthough delays in seeking dental care among patients are frequently observed in daily practice, this problem has never been investigated in other utilization studies. This study attempts to establish the magnitude and severity of the problem of delay in a delivery system where cost is not a major barrier to utilization. 555 users of Government dental services were interviewed. Only 37% of them came promptly within 6 days of perceiving a dental need. The majority (63%) had delayed their dental visit for more than I week. In fact, the highest frequency of delay was for more than I month. Prompt attendance was found to be associated with people who regularly came for asymptomatic check‐ups. In contrast, more than 50% of those who thought they needed fillings and extractions had delayed their visit for more than a month. The main causes of delays were attributed to work commitments and the lack of perceived need for urgent care. Barriers related to transport or financial problems were ranked very low. The implications of these findings are discussed.
Use of fluoride tablets and effect on prevalence of dental caries and dental fluorosis
Authors: Kalsbeek Huib , Verrtps Erik , Dirks Otto Backer 
Published: May 2006

AbstractA study was executed to investigate the relation between the use of fluoride tablets by children in the age period 1.5 ‐6 yr on the one hand and the caries experience at the age of 6 and 15 yr and the prevalence of fluorosis at the age of 15 yr on the other hand. The year of birth of the child, the motivation of the mother to engage in preventive dental behavior, the level of her school education and her place of birth were taken into account as possible confounding factors. A significant relation was found between the use of fluoride tablets and the prevalence of fluorosis. The most important predicting factor for tlie caries experience of the child was the mother's motivation to engage in preventive dental behavior. An effect of fluoride tablets on the caries experience could not be demonstrated.
Decline in caries prevalence in6–14‐year‐old schoolchildren during1975–85 in Shizuoka, Japan
Authors: Okawa Yoshikazu , Takahashi Yoshikazu , Sazuka Jinichiro , Matsukubo Takashi , Takaesu Yoshinori 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to examine changes in caries prevalence during 1975 85 in Japanese schoolchildren who did not have an apparent change in fluoride exposure. A total of 2872 schoolchildren aged 6 14 yr in two primary schools and one junior high school in Shi/uoka city, Japan, were examined in 1985. The caries prevalence in 1985 was then compared with data which had been collected in a longitudinal survey on schoolchildren in the same primary and junior high schools by Katayama in 1970 75. The results indicated that DM FT and DMFS indices in 1985 were significantly lower than those in 1970 75 in all the examined ages (P <0.01). The DM FT indices at age 12 were 3.60 in 1985 and 5.47 in 1970 75. Remarkable decreases in DM FT al age 12 were observed in maxillary incisors (50%), followed by maxillary molars (24%) and mandibular molars (22%), The decline in caries prevalence in the examined area may be mainly attributed to several factors other than use of fluoride, such as changes in dietary pattern, an increasing dental awareness and promotion of dental health care. But the percentage decrease per annum of DM FT index at age of 12 in the examined population was relatively low (–4.1%) in comparison with other industrial countries. Comparing the results with data from national denial surveys, it can be considered that rural areas in Japan do not exhibit a similar decline of caries prevalence as in Shizuoka city, but there will be a lot of districts exhibiting significant reduction in caries prevalence in the near future.
Assessment of dental health state utilities
Authors: Fyffe Hazel E. , Kay Elizabeth J. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThe term “health state utility” implies the assigning of a numerical value to a state of health. Assessment of the success of health care procedures, using health stale utilities, enables evaluation of available treatments and procedures in terms of differing health outcomes and therefore facilitates cost‐benefit analyses. Although measurement of general health state utilities has become increasingly common in medicine using a variety of techniques, few attempts have as yet been made in dentistry lo place valuations on different dental health states. The absence of tried and tested methods for measuring tooth quality make the benefits gained from preventive and restorative dental programmes difficult to quantify. The aim of this study was to assess the average utility values, held by a group of dentists and a group of members of the general public, for four different tooth states which it was hypothesised would have different values. These were 1) a decayed and painful posterior tooth: 2) a decayed and non‐painful posterior tooth: 3) a posterior tooth which had been restored and would need further restoralive treatment and 4) a permanently restored posterior tooth. A standard gamble questionnaire was used to elicit the utility values which were then substituted as “weightings” in a modified version of the “T‐health” index (1). The results show that it is possible lo assess dental health stale utility values using the standard gamble method and that the average utility values of the dentists in (he study were consistently higher than those of the general public. The application of utility values as “weightings” in a dental health index demonstrates the potential value of utility assessment in the evaluation of dental procedures or programmes.
A method to compare cost‐effectiveness of dental treatments: adhesive bridges compared to conventional bridges
Authors: Creugers Nico H. J. , Käyser Arnd F. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThe cost‐effectiveness of a denial restoration depends primarily on the durability and the cost of the restoration. In this report a method is described to compare the cost‐effectiveness using the durability data of adhesive bridges and conventional bridges. The study shows that, for the situation in the Netherlands, the breakeven point for equal cost‐effectiveness compared lo conventional bridges is achieved when the 50% survival for adhesive bridges is approximately 6.5 yr. Clinical data indicate a higher cost‐effectiveness for anterior adhesive bridges. The method
Coefficients of relationship by isonymy among oral cancer registrations in Scottish males
Authors: Holloway Susan M. , Sofaer Jeffrey A. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThe role of inherited susceptibility to oral cancers was studied by comparing groups of cancer patients and controls in terms of the coefficient of relationship by isonymy (Ri), both within and between Regions of mainland Scotland. Surname distributions for 3658 male cancer cases were derived from the Scottish Cancer Register for the years1959–85. Control distributions were derived from a total of 32468 male deaths in Scotland for 1976. For cancer floor of mouth, there was no evidence for increased isonymy in patients compared to controls and therefore no indication that familial factors contribute to cancer at this site. For cancer of the tongue there was a suggestion of increased isonymy within but not between Regions, perhaps reflecting environmental risk factors common to members of the same family. For cancers of the lip and salivary gland there was evidence of increased isonymy both within and to a lesser extent between Regions, suggesting a genetic contribution. There is corroborative evidence from other sources for a heritable component in salivary gland cancer but the reasons for the similar pattern of results in cancer of the lip are less clear.