bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hepatocellular carcinoma in Filipinos
Authors: WONG Linda L , TSAI Naoky 
Published: June 2007

AbstractBackground:  Filipinos are a rapidly growing ethnic group, yet US data sometimes categorize them as Asians and other times as Pacific Islanders. Little has been reported on hepatocellular cancer (HCC) specifically in this group.Methods:  Using a prospectively collected database (349 patients with HCC), 53 Filipino patients were identified and characterized.Results:  The mean age was 60 years and the male : female ratio was 46:7. Risk factors included hepatitis‐B (75%), hepatitis‐C (19%), alcohol (45%), smoking (66%). Most (85%) presented with symptoms, including 7.5% with a rupture. Stage distribution was: I−1 patient, II−22 patients, III−5 patients, IV−25 patients. Treatments included resection, 10; transplant, one; radiofrequency ablation,three; chemoembolization, 13; other, four. Twenty‐two did not receive treatment due to advanced disease or refusal. The percentage surviving for 1 and 5 years was 34.1% and 5.0%, respectively.Conclusions:  HCC in Filipinos is primarily a hepatitis‐B‐related male disease. Filipinos frequently presented with the disease at an advanced stage and over 40% received no treatment. Efforts are in progress for educating Filipinos and physicians better on screening, surveillance and treatment of hepatitis‐B and HCC.
Two cases of esophageal carcinoma following corrosive esophagitis successfully treated with chemoradiation therapy
Authors: BURMEISTER Bryan H , WALPOLE Euan T , THOMAS Janine , SMITHERS B Mark 
Published: June 2007

AbstractBackground:  Ingestion of corrosive substances can be associated with severe damage to the esophagus, resulting in strictures. It is also known to be associated with an increased incidence of esophageal carcinoma. In many such cases surgery to cure the cancer is compromised by earlier surgery for corrosive damage or due to fibrosis.Methods:  We reviewed a database of 1246 patients collected between 1988 and 2006 with esophageal cancer. Squamous cell carcinomas arising in two patients with previous corrosive esophagitis were identified.Results:  Both patients were treated with definitive cisplatin‐based chemoradiation therapy. In both cases a complete response occurred and after a minimum follow up of 4 years, both cases remain in remission.Conclusions:  We conclude that definitive chemoradiation therapy can be successful in the management of squamous cell carcinoma arising patients with corrosive esophagitis.
A New Iterative Algorithm for Approximating Common Fixed Points for Asymptotically Nonexpansive Mappings
Authors: Zhou HY , Cho YJ , Kang SM 
Published: June 2007

AbstractSuppose that "Equation missing" is a nonempty closed convex subset of a real uniformly convex and smooth Banach space "Equation missing" with "Equation missing" as a sunny nonexpansive retraction. Let "Equation missing" be two weakly inward and asymptotically nonexpansive mappings with respect to "Equation missing" with sequences "Equation missing", "Equation missing", respectively. Suppose that "Equation missing" is a sequence in "Equation missing" generated iteratively by "Equation missing", "Equation missing", for all "Equation missing", where "Equation missing", "Equation missing", and "Equation missing" are three real sequences in "Equation missing" for some "Equation missing" which satisfy condition "Equation missing". Then, we have the following. (1) If one of "Equation missing" and "Equation missing" is completely continuous or demicompact and "Equation missing", then the strong convergence of "Equation missing" to some "Equation missing" is established. (2) If "Equation missing" is a real uniformly convex Banach space satisfying Opial's condition or whose norm is Fréchet differentiable, then the weak convergence of "Equation missing" to some "Equation missing" is proved.
Arsenic Metabolism, Genetic Susceptibility, and Risk of Premalignant Skin Lesions in Bangladesh
Authors: Ahsan Habibul , Chen Yu , Kibriya Muhammad G. , Slavkovich Vesna , Parvez Faruque , Jasmine Farzana , Gamble Mary V. , Graziano Joseph H. 
Published: June 2007

Abstract
We conducted a case-control study to investigate interindividual variability in susceptibility to health effects of inorganic arsenic due to arsenic metabolism efficiency, genetic factors, and their interaction. A total of 594 cases of arsenic-induced skin lesions and 1,041 controls was selected from baseline participants in a large prospective cohort study in Bangladesh. Adjusted odds ratios (OR) for skin lesions were estimated in relation to the polymorphisms in the glutathione S-transferase ω1 and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase genes, the percentage of monomethylarsonous acid (%MMA) and dimethylarsinic acid (%DMA) in urine, and the ratios of MMA to inorganic arsenic and DMA to MMA. Water arsenic concentration was positively associated with %MMA and inversely associated with %DMA. The dose-response relationship of risk of skin lesion with %MMA was more apparent than those with other methylation indices; the ORs for skin lesions in relation to increasing %MMA quartiles were 1.00 (reference), 1.33 [95% confidence interval (95% CI), 0.92-1.93], 1.68 (95% CI, 1.17-2.42), and 1.57 (95% CI, 1.10-2.26; P for trend = 0.01). The ORs for skin lesions in relation to the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase 677TT/1298AA and 677CT/1298AA diplotypes (compared with 677CC/1298CC diplotype) were 1.66 (95% CI, 1.00-2.77) and 1.77 (95% CI, 0.61-5.14), respectively. The OR for skin lesions in relation to the glutathione S-transferase ω1 diplotype containing all at-risk alleles was 3.91 (95% CI, 1.03-14.79). Analysis of joint effects of genotypes/diplotypes with water arsenic concentration and urinary %MMA suggests additivity of these factors. The findings suggest that arsenic metabolism, particularly the conversion of MMA to DMA, may be saturable and that differences in urinary arsenic metabolites, genetic factors related to arsenic metabolism, and their joint distributions modulate arsenic toxicity. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007;16(6):1270–8)
Blood Folate Levels and Risk of Liver Damage and Hepatocellular Carcinoma in a Prospective High-Risk Cohort
Authors: Welzel Tania M. , Katki Hormuzd A. , Sakoda Lori C. , Evans Alison A. , London W. Thomas , Chen Gang , O'Broin Sean , Shen Fu-Min , Lin Wen-Yao , McGlynn Katherine A. 
Published: June 2007

Abstract
Background: Studies in experimental animals suggest that low folate levels may play a role in liver damage and hepatocarcinogenesis. To examine this association in humans, folate levels in blood and risk for subsequent liver damage and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were assessed in a population at high risk of liver cancer in China.
Methods: Four hundred fifteen hepatitis B surface antigen–positive participants of the Haimen City Cohort were prospectively followed between 1998 and 2002. Serum and RBC folate levels were determined at baseline. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and hepatitis B virus DNA levels were measured semiannually. Logistic regression modeling was used to examine the presence of hepatitis B virus DNA and HCC, whereas linear regression with a log-link function was used to examine ALT levels.
Results: There was a statistically significant inverse association between serum folate level and ALT level. ALT levels decreased with each quartile increase in serum folate (adjusted odds ratio, 0.86; 95% confidence interval, 0.76-0.97 for the highest compared with the lowest quartile; Ptrend = 0.002). After exclusion of three persons with prevalent HCC, 20 (4.9%) of the 412 study participants developed HCC during follow-up, with a median time between enrollment and HCC diagnosis of 2.66 years (interquartile range, 1.8-4.1). When comparing persons in the lowest quartile RBC folate to persons in all other quartiles, the analysis found that higher RBC folate levels were associated with reduced risk of hepatocarcinogenesis (odds ratio, 0.33, 95% confidence interval, 0.13-0.86; Ptrend = 0.02).
Conclusions: This study suggests that increased folate levels in humans may be inversely associated with the development of liver damage and HCC. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007;6(6):1279–82)
Polymorphisms in Oxidative Stress–Related Genes Are Not Associated with Prostate Cancer Risk in Heavy Smokers
Authors: Choi Ji-Yeob , Neuhouser Marian L. , Barnett Matt , Hudson Matthew , Kristal Alan R. , Thornquist Mark , King Irena B. , Goodman Gary E. , Ambrosone Christine B. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractOxidative stress, associated with aging and inflammation, is likely to play a role in the etiology of prostate cancer. We evaluated potential associations between gene variants that result in reduced neutralization of reactive oxygen species (ROS; MnSOD Ala-16Val, CAT −262 C&gt;T, and GPX1 Pro200Leu) and prostate cancer risk among 724 men with incident prostate cancer who participated in the Carotene and Retinol Efficacy Trial (CARET) cohort, a randomized trial for the prevention of lung cancer among men with a history of smoking and/or asbestos exposure. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were estimated by logistic regression. Nested case-control analyses included study participants with available DNA (n = 533 cases and 1,470 controls), matched for race, age, and length of follow-time. Overall, there were no associations between genotypes of MnSOD, CAT, and GPX1 and prostate cancer risk, although among men diagnosed before age 65, CAT TT genotype was associated with increased risk (OR, 2.0; 95% CI, 0.97-3.95). Further analyses stratified by factors related to environmental oxidative stress exposures did not modify associations. When calculating the number of risk alleles of MnSOD, CAT, and GPX1 hypothetically related to reduced protection against ROS, there was a nonsignificant relationship between prostate cancer and carriage of five or more risk alleles, in comparison to men with less than five risk alleles (OR, 2.0; 95% CI, 0.90-4.42). In conclusion, it does not seem that variants in MnSOD, CAT, or GPX1 have an influence on prostate cancer risk in this cohort of men who were smokers or exposed to asbestos, although it is possible that cumulative defects in protection from oxidative stress may result in increased risk of the disease. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007;16(6):1115–20)
One-pot Preparation of Mesoporous Silica Particles Having Mesopore Surface Functionalized with Poly(propylene oxide) Chains
Authors: Urata Chihiro , Yamauchi Yusuke , Mochizuki Dai , Kuroda Kazuyuki 
Published: June 2007

Abstract
Mesoporous silica particles having mesopore surface functionalized with poly(propylene oxide) (PPO) chains were prepared in one pot by using newly designed triethoxysilyl-terminated poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)–PPO–PEO triblock copolymers with structure-directing and surface-modifying dual functions.
Lymphoid organ weights and organ: body weight ratios of growing beagles
Authors: Yang T. J. , Gawlak S. L. 
Published: June 2007

Although dogs, especially beagles, are used extensively in biological and clinical investigations, the literature dealing with normal biological measurements of their lymphoid organs is scanty. This study was undertaken to provide the information on the weight of lymphoid organs of beagles. The thymus, spleen, and prescapular, popliteal, and mesenteric lymph nodes of 95 normal beagle dogs, from one day to 11 months of age, were weighed and compared with body weights. The weight of the thymus and spleen increased drastically at and after 2 months of age, although the organ : body weight ratios remained the same at 2 months of age and decreased afterward. Similar increases in the weight of the mesenteric lymph node complex, but with an increase in the organ : body weight ratio, occurred also at and after 2 months of age, reflecting the importance of the gut-associated lymphoid organs after weaning. The increases in the size of the cutaneous nodes, prescapular and popliteal, were less pronounced and their organ : body weight ratios remained the same from birth through 11 months of age.
Campylobacter jejuni infection within a laboratory animal production unit
Authors: Meanger J. D. , Marshall R. B. 
Published: June 2007

A conventional laboratory animal production unit in which rats, mice, guineapigs and rabbits were bred in one building and cats maintained in a separate, but adjacent area was examined for the presence of intestinal thermophilic Campylobacter spp. Campylobacter jejuni was recovered from 18·84% of 552 animals. The infection rate was highest amongst the cats (51·7%), with rats being the second most commonly infected (23·2%), whereas only 7·7% of guineapigs and a single rabbit (1%) were positive. Campylobacter-like organisms were cultured from 10% of the mice, but these bacteria failed to grow on subsequent subculturing. By using bacterial restriction endonuclease DNA analysis (BRENDA), a single type of C. jejuni was identified from all isolates recovered from the rats, guineapigs and a rabbit, suggesting a common source of infection. In contrast, there were 5 different BRENDA patterns derived from cat isolates. No isolates of C. jejuni were obtained from humans working within the unit or from animal bedding or the immediate environment, although it was suggested that the organism may have entered and spread within the unit from sawdust.
Reversal of fentanyl/fluanisone neuroleptanalgesia in the rabbit using mixed agonist/antagonist opioids
Authors: Flecknell P. A. , Liles J. H. , Wootton R. 
Published: June 2007

The reversal of the neuroleptanalagesic combination of fentanyl/fluanisone using mixed agonist/antagonist opioids has been investigated in the rabbit. All of the compounds studied (naloxone, nalbuphine, meptazinol, butorphanol, buprenorphine, pentazocine, doxapram) reversed the respiratory depression and sedation produced by fentanyl/fluanisone. Fentanyl/fluanisone produced profound analgesia for 180 min, which was rapidly and completely antagonized by naloxone. The mixed agonist/antagonist opioids produced a reduction in the degree of analgesia but, in contrast to naloxone, analgesic activity persisted from 120 min (meptazinol) to 420 min (buprenorphine). Administration of buprenorphine to rabbits anaesthetized with fentanyl/fluanisone and midazolam confirmed that the reversal of respiratory depression was accompanied by the return of arterial pH, PCO2 and PCO2 to pre-anaesthetic values. The use of neuroleptanalgesic anaesthetic regimens, which have been shown to provide effective surgical anaesthesia, combined with reversal using a mixed agonist/antagonist opioid to provide postoperative analgesia, appears to be a valuable refinement of current laboratory animal anaesthetic practice.
The effects of age and sex on seven elements in Sprague-Dawley rat organs
Authors: Uchino Eiji , Tsuzuki Toshibumi , Inoue Katsuhiro 
Published: June 2007

This study reports age-related changes in 7 element (iron, copper, zinc, manganese, mercury, cadmium and lead) concentrations in the liver, kidney and brain of male and female Sprague-Dawley rats from 1 to 364 days of age. Atomic absorption spectrometry was used for the measurements. Copper, mercury and cadmium in the male and female kidneys increased from weaning until 127 days of age, as did iron concentrations in the female liver and kidney. After 127 days, especially, the copper concentration in the female kidney and cadmium concentration in the male and female kidney increased further. Consistent and statistically significant ( P<0·05) sex differences in element concentrations were found for three elements (iron, copper and zinc). Except for the zinc concentration in the liver from 50 to 72 days, iron (in liver and kidney), zinc (in kidney) and copper (in liver, kidney and brain) concentrations in female rats during the adult stage, were all higher than those of male rats. Isolated differences for other elements (manganese, mercury and cadmium) were also found. The data will be helpful when setting up long-term animal investigations of the biological effect of elements.
Growth and liver morphology after long-term ethanol consumption of rats
Authors: van de Wiel J. A. G. , Duijf C. M. P. , Pertijs J. C. L. M. , Peereboom-Stegeman J. H. J. Copius , Bos R. P. 
Published: June 2007

Ethanol was administered to female and male Wistar rats by mixing it with their drinking water. Ethanol concentrations were gradually increased up to either 8% or 15%. Female rats receiving 8% ethanol in their drinking water consumed 5-13 g, males 4-10 g daily. The ethanol/total food caloric intake percentages were 13 to 20% and 9 to 15% for female and male rats, respectively. There was no difference in body weight and relative liver weight between treated rats and their controls. Female and male rats receiving 15% of ethanol in their drinking water consumed 8-14 g ethanol per kg body weight per day. The percentages of ethanol/total food caloric intake were stabilized at about 25% for both sexes. Growth of the rats differed only slightly from controls; a tendency for a higher increase of body weight of the control rats was found. No difference in relative liver weight between ethanol-treated and control rats was observed. Microscopic examinations revealed that the ethanol treatment resulted in fat accumulation in the liver cells. A proliferation of the Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER) was more marked in the 15% dosed rats than in the 8% dosed rats and more distinct in female rats than in male rats in both dosage groups.
Heritability of BMD of Femoral Neck and Lumbar Spine: A Multivariate Twin Study of Finnish Men
Authors: Videman Tapio , Levälahti Esko , Battié Michele C , Simonen Riitta , Vanninen Esko , Kaprio Jaakko 
Published: June 2007

Abstract
Of the 80% variation in BMD among male twins that is caused by genetics, part was explained by genetic influences on lifting strength and lean body mass/height. Lifting strength was significant in both the femoral and spine BMD and body weight only for lumbar BMD.
Introduction: The dominant role of heritability in BMD has been shown in twin studies among women. However, the mechanisms of genetic influences are poorly understood. BMD is associated with lean body mass and muscle strength, which both have a genetic component, but the relative effects of muscle strength and lean body mass/height on the total genetic and environmental variations influencing BMD of men are unclear.
Materials and Methods: Measurements of BMD from a DXA scanner on a representative sample of 147 monozygotic and 153 dizygotic male twin pairs (age, 35–70 yr) were related to a variety of anthropometric and behavioral covariates and interview data. Data were analyzed with univariate modeling of genetic characteristics, bivariate modeling of covariates that were significant in univariate models, and multivariate modeling of the simultaneous effects of significant covariates from the bivariate models.
Results: Heritability influences were estimated to account for 75% of the variance in femoral BMD and 83% in lumbar BMD. Univariate and bivariate modeling showed that, of the factors studied, only lifting force and lean body mass/height had statistically significant influences. Of the total genetic variation in femoral BMD, lifting force explained 9%, and lean body mass/height 18%; the proportions for lumbar BMD were 9% and 11%, respectively. Of the total environmental variation, the correlation with isokinetic lifting force explained 9% for femoral BMD and 10% for lumbar BMD. The genetic correlations between lifting force and femoral and lumbar BMD were ∼0.3, as were the environmental correlations of isokinetic lifting force and femoral and lumbar BMD and of lean body mass/height and femoral BMD. The environmental correlation of lean body mass/height and femoral BMD was not significant.
Conclusions: Lifting force had effects on both femoral and lumbar BMD. Body weight was important, but only for lumbar BMD. Muscle strength may have the best potential for modification among behavioral factors to increase both femoral and lumbar BMD.
Step by step towards understanding gold glyconanoparticles as elements of the nanoworld
Authors: Sihelníková L. , Tvaroška I. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractGold glyconanoparticles as elements of the nanoworld belong to a group of particles with diameters not exceeding 100 nm. This size scale makes them conformable to common biomolecules. A gold glyconanoparticle consists of three different parts: the gold core, the linkers, and saccharide ligands. The glycocalyx-like surface of these particles mimics the presentation of carbohydrate epitopes of cell surface glycoconjugates. As a consequence, gold glyconanoparticles provide inimitable tools for probing and manipulating the mechanisms of biological processes based on carbohydrate interactions. Each component of the gold glyconanoparticle has a profound effect on the nanoparticle’s properties. Therefore, in this review, elucidation of the overall behavior and properties of gold glyconanoparticles is based on a step by step (component by component) description of the system.
Structure—activity relationships for in vitro oxime reactivation of chlorpyrifos-inhibited acetylcholinesterase
Authors: Kuča K. , Račáková V. , Jun D. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractOrganophosphorus pesticides parathion, chlorpyrifos, and malathion inhibit the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE; EC 3.1.1.7) via phosphorylation of its active site. AChE reactivators and anticholinergics are compounds used as antidotes in the case of intoxication by these AChE inhibitors. In this work, chlorpyrifos, a representative member of this pesticide family, was used to inhibit the AChE activity of rat brain. The effect of twenty-one structurally different AChE reactivators was tested in vitro and subsequently, the relationship between their chemical structure and biological activity was outlined.
Separation and characterization of products from thermal cracking of individual and mixed polyalkenes
Authors: Hájeková E. , Špodová L. , Bajus M. , Mlynková B. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractLow-density polyethylene (LDPE), polypropylene (PP), and their mixture in the mass ratio of 1: 1 (LDPE/PP) were thermally decomposed in a batch reactor at 450°C. The formed gaseous and oil/wax products were separated and analyzed by gas chromatography. The oils/waxes underwent both atmospheric and vacuum distillation. Densities, molar masses and bromine numbers of liquid distillates and distillation residues were determined. The first distillate fraction from the thermally decomposed LDPE contained mostly linear alkanes and alk-1-enes ranging from C6 to C13 (boiling point up to 180°C). The second distillate fraction was composed mostly of hydrocarbons C11 to C22 (boiling point up to 330°C). 2,4-Dimethylhept-1-ene was the major component of the first distillate fraction obtained from the product of PP decomposition, while in the 2nd distillate fraction it was 2,4,6,8-tetramethylundec-1-ene. The yields of some gaseous or liquid hydrocarbons obtained by distillation from thermally degraded LDPE/PP differed from the values corresponding to the decomposition of individual plastics due to the mutual influence of polyalkenes during their thermal cracking. Similarly, the yields of propene and methylpropene in the gaseous phase were higher in the case of mixture. Whereas the content of C9 to C17 alkanes and alkenes in the distillates separated from the liquid mixture obtained by the decomposition of LDPE/PP decreased, the formation of 2,4,6,8,10,12-hexamethylpentadec-1-ene remained unchanged. The corresponding mechanisms of thermal cracking were discussed.