bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patient and Treatment Factors Associated With Complications After Prostate Brachytherapy
Authors: Chen Aileen B. , D’Amico Anthony V. , Neville Bridget A. , Earle Craig C. 
Published: November 2006

Purpose To assess the prevalence and predictors of complications after prostate brachytherapy in a population-based sample of older men. Patients and Methods We analyzed claims for Medicare-enrolled men older than age 65 years living in Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) surveillance areas diagnosed with prostate cancer from 1991 to 1999 who underwent brachytherapy as initial treatment. Results There were 5,621 men who had brachytherapy with at least 2 years of follow-up. A complication diagnosis or invasive procedure occurred in 54.5% of men within 2 years, with 14.1% undergoing an invasive procedure. Urinary, bowel, and erectile morbidity rates were 33.8%, 21.0%, and 16.7%, respectively, and invasive procedure rates were 10.3%, 0.8%, and 4.0%, respectively. On multivariable analysis, combined urinary diagnoses and invasive procedures (obstruction, incontinence, bleeding, fistula) were associated with older age (P < .01), nonwhite race (odds ratio [OR], 1.30; P = .01), low income (OR, 1.74; P < .01), external-beam radiotherapy (EBRT; OR, 0.85; P = .01), androgen deprivation (OR, 1.31; P < .01), later year of brachytherapy (OR, 1.03/yr; P = .02), higher Charlson comorbidity score (P < .01), and prior transurethral resection of the prostate (OR, 1.65; P < .01). Bowel morbidity (bleeding/proctitis, injury) was associated with older age (P = .04), EBRT (OR, 1.46; P < .01), later year (OR, 1.04/yr; P < .01), higher Charlson score (P = .01), and inflammatory bowel disease (OR, 2.60; P < .01). Erectile morbidity was associated with younger age (P < .01), nonwhite race (OR, 1.37; P < .01), AD (OR, 1.18; P = .04), and later year (OR, 1.08/yr; P < .01). Invasive procedure rates declined with later year of brachytherapy (OR, 0.93/yr; P < .01). Conclusion Morbidity after prostate brachytherapy was common, though invasive procedures were required infrequently. Invasive procedures for complications declined during the 1990s, suggesting technical improvement with experience.
Phase II Trial of Cetuximab in Patients With Previously Treated Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Hanna Nasser , Lilenbaum Rogerio , Ansari Rafat , Lynch Thomas , Govindan Ramaswamy , Jänne Pasi A. , Bonomi Philip 
Published: November 2006

PurposeTo determine the efficacy of cetuximab in patients with recurrent or progressive non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) after receiving at least one prior chemotherapy regimen.Patients and MethodsThis was an open-label, phase II study of patients with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) –positive and EGFR-negative advanced NSCLC with Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status 0 to 1. Patients received cetuximab 400 mg/m2intravenously (IV) during 120 minutes on week 1 followed by weekly doses of cetuximab 250 mg/m2IV during 60 minutes. A cycle was considered as 4 weeks of treatment and therapy was continued until disease progression or intolerable toxicities. The primary end point was to assess response rate. Secondary end points included an estimation of time to progression and survival.ResultsPatient and disease characteristics (n = 66) included EGFR-positive status (n = 60); EGFR-negative status (n = 6); number of prior regimens (one, n = 28; two, n = 27; ≥ three, n = 11); male (n = 41); female (n = 25); adenocarcinoma (n = 36); and smoking status (never, n = 13; former, n = 45; current, n = 8). Grade 3/4 toxicities included acne-like rash (6.1%), anaphylactic reactions (1.5%), and diarrhea (1.5%). The response rate for all patients (n = 66) was 4.5% (95% CI, 0.9% to 12.7%) and the stable disease rate was 30.3% (95% CI, 19.6% to 42.9%). The response rate for patients with EGFR-positive tumors (n = 60) was 5% (95% CI, 1.0% to 13.9%). The median time to progression for all patients was 2.3 months (95% CI, 2.1 to 2.6 months) and median survival time was 8.9 months (95% CI, 6.2 to 12.6 months).ConclusionAlthough the response rate with single-agent cetuximab in this heavily pretreated patient population with advanced NSCLC was only 4.5%, the disease control rates and overall survival seem comparable to that of pemetrexed, docetaxel, and erlotinib in similar groups of patients.
sets and singletons
Authors: Hauser Kai , Woodin W. Hugh 
Published: November 2006

AbstractWe extend work of H. Friedman, L. Harrington and P. Welch to the third level of the projective hierarchy. Our main theorems say that (under appropriate background assumptions) the possibility to select definable elements of non-empty sets of reals at the third level of the projective hierarchy is equivalent to the disjunction of determinacy of games at the second level of the projective hierarchy and the existence of a core model (corresponding to this fragment of determinacy) which must then contain all real numbers. The proofs use Sacks forcing with perfect trees and core model techniques.
Generic expansions of ω-categorical structures and semantics of generalized quantifiers
Authors: Ivanov A. A. 
Published: November 2006

LetMbe a countably infinite ω-categorical structure. Consider Aut(M) as a complete metric space by definingd(g, h) = Ω{2−n:g(xn) ≠h(xn) org−1(xn) ≠h−1(xn)} where {xn:n∈ ω} is an enumeration ofMAn automorphism α ∈ Aut(M) is generic if its conjugacy class is comeagre. J. Truss has shown in [11] that if the set P of all finite partial isomorphisms contains a co-final subset P1closed under conjugacy and having the amalgamation property and the joint embedding property then there is a generic automorphism. In the present paper we give a weaker condition of this kind which is equivalent to the existence of generic automorphisms. Really we give more: a characterization of the existence of generic expansions (defined in an appropriate way) of an ω-categorical structure. We also show that Truss' condition guarantees the existence of a countable structure consisting of automorphisms ofMwhich can be considered as an atomic model of some theory naturally associated toM. We do it in a general context of weak models for second-order quantifiers.The author thanks Ludomir Newelski for pointing out a mistake in the first version of Theorem 1.2 and for interesting discussions. Also, the author is grateful to the referee for very helpful remarks.
On inverse γ-systems and the number ofL∞λ-equivalent, non-isomorphic models for λ singular
Authors: Shelah Saharon , Väisänen Pauli 
Published: November 2006

AbstractSuppose λ is a singular cardinal of uncountable cofinality κ. For a modelof cardinality λ, let No() denote the number of isomorphism types of modelsof cardinality λ which areL∞λ-equivalent to. In [7] Shelah considered inverse κ-systemsof abelian groups and their certain kind of quotient limits Gr()/ Fact(). In particular Shelah proved in [7, Fact 3.10] that for every cardinal Μ there exists an inverse κ-systemsuch thatconsists of abelian groups having cardinality at most Μκand card(Gr()/ Fact()) = Μ. Later in [8, Theorem 3.3] Shelah showed a strict connection between inverse κ-systems and possible values of No (under the assumption that θκ< λ for every θ < λ): ifis an inverse κ-system of abelian groups having cardinality < λ, then there is a modelsuch that card() = λ and No() = card(Gr()/ Fact()). The following was an immediate consequence (when θκ< λ for every θ < λ): for every nonzero Μ < λ or Μ = λκthere is a model, of cardinality λ with No() = Μ. In this paper we show: for every nonzero Μ ≤ λκthere is an inverse κ-systemof abelian groups having cardinality < λ such that card(Gr()/ Fact()) = Μ (under the assumptions 2κ< λ and θ<κ< λ for all θ < λ when Μ > λ), with the obvious new consequence concerning the possible value of No. Specifically, the case No() = λ is possible when θκ> λ for every λ < λ.
Structural properties and Σ20 enumeration degrees
Authors: Nies André , Sorbi Andrea 
Published: November 2006

AbstractWe prove that each Σ20 set which is hypersimple relative to ∅′ is noncuppable in the structure of the Σ20 enumeration degrees. This gives a connection between properties of Σ20 sets under inclusion and and the Σ20 enumeration degrees. We also prove that some low non-computably enumerable enumeration degree contains no set which is simple relative to ∅′.
Logical questions concerning the μ-calculus: Interpolation, Lyndon and Łoś-Tarski
Authors: D'agostino Giovanna , Hollenberg Marco 
Published: November 2006

The (modal) μ-calculus ([14]) is a very powerful extension of modal logic with least and greatest fixed point operators. It is of great interest to computer science for expressing properties of processes such as termination (every run is finite) and fairness (on every infinite run, no action is repeated infinitely often to the exclusion of all others).The power of the μ-calculus is also evident from a more theoretical perspective. The μ-calculus is a fragment of monadic second-order logic (MSO) containing only formulae that are invariant for bisimulation, in the sense that they cannot distinguish between bisimilar states. Janin and Walukiewicz prove the converse: any property which is invariant for bisimulation and MSO-expressible is already expressible in the μ-calculus ([13]). Yet the μ-calculus enjoys many desirable properties which MSO lacks, like a complete sequent-calculus ([29]), an exponential-time decision procedure, and the finite model property ([25]). Switching from MSO to its bisimulation-invariant fragment gives us these desirable properties.In this paper we take a classical logician's view of the μ-calculus. As far as we are concerned a new logic should not be allowed into the community of logics without at least considering the standard questions that any logic is bothered with. In this paper we perform this rite of passage for the μ-calculus. The questions we will be concerned with are the following.
Constructingω-stable structures: rank 2 fields
Authors: Baldwin John T. , Holland Kitty 
Published: November 2006

AbstractWe provide a general framework for studying the expansion of strongly minimal sets by adding additional relations in the style of Hrushovski. We introduce a notion ofseparation of quantifierswhich is a condition on the class of expansions of finitely generated models for the expanded theory to have a countable ω-saturated model. We apply these results to construct for each sufficiently fast growing finite-to-one functionμfrom ‘primitive extensions’ to the natural numbers a theoryTμof an expansion of an algebraically closed field which has Morley rank 2. Finally, we show that ifμis not finite-to-one the theory may not beω-stable.
The Hahn representation theorem for ℓ-groups in ZFA
Authors: Gluschankof D. 
Published: November 2006

In [7] the author discussed the relative force —in the set theory ZF— of some representation theorems for ℓ-groups (lattice-ordered groups). One of the theorems not discussed in that paper is the Hahn representation theorem for abelian ℓ-groups. This result, originally proved by Hahn (see [8]) for totally ordered groups and half a century later by Conrad, Harvey and Holland for the general case (see [4]), states that any abelian ℓ-group can be embedded in a Hahn product of copies of R (the real line with its natural totally-ordered group structure). Both proofs rely heavily on Zorn's Lemma which is equivalent to AC (the axiom of choice).The aim of this work is to point out the use of non-constructible axioms (i.e., AC and weaker forms of it) in the proofs. Working in the frame of ZFA, that is, the Zermelo-Fraenkel set theory where a non-empty set of atoms is allowed, we present alternative proofs which, in the totally ordered case, do not require the use of AC. For basic concepts and notation on ℓ-groups the reader can refer to [1] and [2]. For set theory, to [11].
Supersimple ω-categorical groups and theories
Authors: Evans David M. , Wagner Frank O. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractAn ω-categorical supersimple group is finite-by-abelian-by-finite, and has finite SU-rank. Every definable subgroup is commensurable with an acl(ø)-definable subgroup. Every finitely based regular type in a CM-trivial ω-categorical simple theory is non-orthogonal to a type of SU-rank 1. In particular, a supersimple ω-categorical CM-trivial theory has finite SU-rank.
The interpretation of unsolvable λ-terms in models of untyped λ-calculus
Authors: Kerth Rainer 
Published: November 2006

AbstractOur goal in this paper is to analyze the interpretation of arbitrary unsolvable λ-terms in a given model of λ-calculus. We focus on graph models and (a special type of) stable models. We introduce the syntactical notion of a decoration and the semantical notion of a critical sequence. We conjecture that
any unsolvable term β-reduces to a term admitting a decoration. The main result of this paper concerns the interconnection between those two notions: given a graph model or stable model , we show that any unsolvable term admitting a decoration and having a non-empty interpretation in generates a critical sequence in the model.In the last section, we examine three classical graph models, namely the model of Plotkin and Scott, Engeler's model and Park's model . We show that and do not contain critical sequences whereas does.
Ideals over ω and cardinal invariants of the continuum
Authors: Matet P. , Pawlikowski J. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractLet P be any one of the following combinatorial properties: weak P-pointness, weak (semi-) Q-pointness, weak (semi-)selectivity, ω-closedness. We deal with the following two questions: (1) What is the least cardinal k such that there exists an ideal with k many generators that does not have the property P? (2) Can one extend every ideal with the property P to a prime ideal with the property P?
An variation for one souslin tree
Authors: Larson Paul 
Published: November 2006

AbstractWe present a variation of the forcing as presented in Woodin [4], Our forcing is a ℙmax-style construction where each model condition selects one Souslin tree. In the extension there is a Souslin tree TG which is the direct limit of the selected Souslin trees in the models of the generic. In some sense, the generic extension is a maximal model of "there exists a minimal Souslin tree,” with TG being this minimal tree. In particular, in the extension this Souslin tree has the property that forcing with it gives a model of Souslin's Hypothesis.
The independence of
Authors: Leshem Amir , Magidor Menachem 
Published: November 2006

AbstractIn this paper we prove the independence of for n ≥ 3. We show that can be forced to be above any ordinal of L using set forcing. For we prove that it can be forced, using set forcing, to be above any L cardinal κ such that κ is Π1 definable without parameters in L. We then show that cannot be forced by a set forcing to be above every cardinal of L Finally we present a class forcing construction to make greater than any given L cardinal.
Friedberg splittings in Σ30 quotient lattices of
Authors: Hammond Todd 
Published: November 2006

Let {We}e∈ω be a standard enumeration of the recursively enumerable (r.e.) subsets of ω = {0,1,2,…}. The lattice of recursively enumerable sets, , is the structure ({We}e∈ω,∪,∩). ≡ is a congruence relation on if ≡ is an equivalence relation on and if for all U, U′ ∈ and V, V′ ∈ , if U ≡ U′ and V ≡ V′, then U ∪ V ≡ U′ ∪ V′ and U ∩ V ≡ U′ ∩ V′. [U] = {V ∈ | V ≡ U} is the equivalence class of U. If ≡ is a congruence relation on , the elements of the quotient lattice / ≡ are the equivalence classes of ≡. [U] ∪ [V] is defined as [U ∪ V], and [U] ∩ [V] is defined as [U ∩ V]. We say that a congruence relation ≡ on is if {(i, j)| Wi ≡ Wj} is . Define =* by putting Wi, =* Wj if and only if (Wi − Wj)∪ (Wj − Wi) is finite. Then =* is a congruence relation. If D is any set, then we can define a congruence relation by putting Wi Wj if and only if Wi ∩ D =* Wj ∩D. By Hammond [2], a congruence relation ≡ ⊇ =* is if and only if ≡ is equal to for some set D.The Friedberg splitting theorem [1] asserts that if A is any recursively enumerable set, then there exist disjoint recursively enumerable sets A0 and A1 such that A = A0∪ A1 and such that for any recursively enumerable set B
Music Education in This Age
Authors: John Robert W. 
Published: November 2006

IS THE PLACE OF THE ARTS in the school curriculum threatened? The author thinks so and presents this challenge: Can music stand on its own merit? Is it enough to say that we know music contributes to a richer and fuller life? In attempting to formulate answers to these questions, it will be necessary to search for deeper reasons than those that apparently satisfy many practitioners in the field at the present time. What would you do if called upon to justify the retention of music in the curriculum if in your community school administrators, supported by the school board and press, believed it must be eliminated in favor of more emphasis on the sciences? If you have any thoughts or suggestions you would like to contribute to a symposium, send them to the Music Educators Journal. Recommended readinq: Mr. Hilton's “Is Music Expendable?” in the Round Table, this issue, page 58.
Expert Recommendations on Use of Topical Therapeutics for Vitiligo in Pediatric, Adolescent, and Young Adult Patients
Authors: Renert-Yuval Yael , Ezzedine Khaled , Grimes Pearl , Rosmarin David , Eichenfield Lawrence F. , Castelo-Soccio Leslie , Huang Victor , Desai Seemal R. , Walsh Samantha , Silverberg Jonathan I. , Paller Amy S. , Rodrigues Michele , Weingarten Mark , Narla Shanthi , Gardner Jackie , Siegel Michael , Ibad Sidra , Silverberg Nanette B. 
Published: March 2024

ImportanceEvidence-based recommendations for the treatment of vitiligo in pediatric, adolescent, and young adult patients in the US are needed.ObjectiveTo develop evidence- and consensus-based expert recommendations on the diagnosis and treatment of vitiligo in young patients.Evidence ReviewA process was developed to produce consensus recommendations addressing questions regarding pediatric vitiligo. A librarian-conducted literature review was performed using articles that met the inclusion criteria: published in English, containing primary data (including meta-analysis) and pediatric-specific data, and analysis of 6 or more patients. Included articles were graded by the Strength of Recommendation Taxonomy criteria and Oxford Centre for Evidence-based Medicine’s Levels of Evidence and Grades of Recommendation. Research questions were reviewed on May 9, 2022, through a video conference. One month after the conference, participants participated in an online survey documenting their level of agreement with the generated statements, using a 5-point Likert scale.FindingsArticles on topical corticosteroids and/or topical calcineurin inhibitors (n = 50), topical Janus kinase inhibitors (n = 5), pseudocatalase (n = 2), and microdermabrasion (n = 2) met inclusion criteria. Forty-two recommendations were made on the diagnosis of vitiligo and optimal topical therapeutics, with 33 recommendations obtaining a 70% or greater composite agreement and strong agreement. Topical calcineurin inhibitors twice daily, topical corticosteroids with time limitation due to atrophy risk, and topical ruxolitinib, 1.5%, cream—used off-label for patients younger than 12 years and limited to nonsegmental vitiligo—were identified as evidence-based first-line therapies in the management of pediatric and adolescent patients, with specific guidance on age-based data, minimum therapeutic trial of 6 months or greater, prolonged therapy to prevent recurrence, and the positive benefit of coordinated use of UV therapeutic sources.Conclusions and RelevanceEvidence supports the use of topical calcineurin inhibitors, topical corticosteroids, and topical Janus kinase inhibitors as effective therapeutics for vitiligo in pediatric, adolescent, and young adult patients, with specific decisions on choice of agent based on factors such as site location, body surface area, and age.
Adjuvant Ovarian Function Suppression in Premenopausal Hormone Receptor–Positive Breast Cancer
Authors: Basmadjian Robert B. , Lupichuk Sasha , Xu Yuan , Quan May Lynn , Cheung Winson Y. , Brenner Darren R. 
Published: March 2024

ImportanceFew oncology studies have assessed the effectiveness of adjuvant ovarian function suppression (OFS) in observational settings for premenopausal hormone receptor–positive breast cancer. Target trial emulation is increasingly used for estimating treatment outcomes in observational cohorts.ObjectivesTo describe hormone therapy and OFS treatment patterns (aim 1), examine the association between adding OFS to tamoxifen (TAM) or aromatase inhibitor (AI) and survival (aim 2), and examine the association between duration of hormone treatment (TAM or AI) plus OFS (H-OFS) and survival (aim 3).Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis population-based cohort study included all premenopausal, early-stage breast cancer diagnoses between 2010 and 2020 in Alberta, Canada. Target trial emulation was conducted. Eligibility criteria were directly modeled after the Suppression of Ovarian Function Trial (SOFT) and Tamoxifen and Exemestane Trial (TEXT). Participants were followed up for a maximum of 5 years. Data were analyzed from July 2022 through March 2023.ExposuresFor aim 2, exposures were receiving the following baseline treatments for 2 years: AI + OFS (AI-OFS), TAM + OFS (T-OFS), and TAM alone. For aim 3, exposures were a 2-year or greater and a less than 2-year duration of H-OFS.Main Outcomes and MeasuresRecurrence-free survival was the primary outcome of interest. Marginal structural Cox models with inverse probability treatment and censoring weights were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs), adjusted for baseline and time-varying confounding variables.ResultsAmong 3434 female patients with premenopausal, early-stage breast cancer diagnoses (median [IQR] age, 45 [40-48] years), 2647 individuals satisfied SOFT and TEXT eligibility criteria. There were 2260 patients who initiated TAM, 232 patients who initiated T-OFS, and 155 patients who initiated AI-OFS; 192 patients received H-OFS for 2 or more years, and 195 patients received H-OFS for less than 2 years. The 5-year recurrence risks were not significantly lower in AI-OFS vs TAM (HR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.38-1.33) or T-OFS vs TAM (HR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.50-1.45) groups. Patients receiving H-OFS for 2 or more years had significantly better 5-year recurrence-free survival compared with those receiving H-OFS for less than 2 years (HR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.54-0.90).Conclusions and RelevanceThis study found no significant reductions in recurrence risk for AI-OFS and T-OFS compared with TAM alone. H-OFS duration for at least 2 years was associated with significantly improved recurrence-free survival.