bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tribology of Hydraulic Pump Testing
Authors: Totten GE , Kling GH , Smolenski DJ 
Published: March 2009

Description
STP 1310 is the only publication of its kind addressing the critically important area of modeling and testing hydraulic fluid lubrication regimes in hydraulic pumps. In addition to an in-depth overview, 28 comprehensive peer-reviewed papers cover the following keyareas:
Lubrication Fundamentals -- 4 papers explore the potential application of basic tribological principles to solve lubrication problems arising from a broad range of pumps and motors.
Pump Testing -- A comprehensive selection of the most commonly used pump tests as well as new pump testing proposals are addressed in 15 papers.
Fluid Cleanliness -- 3 papers examine the predictability of fluid contamination on pump wear.
Bench Test Development -- Innovative bench testing procedures currently under evaluation to enhance or replace current testing approaches are explored in 6 papers.
This publication is an invaluable resource for hydraulic mainten and and systems engineers, hydraulic pump manufacturers, designers and test personnel, oil manufacturers and producers, end users of hydraulic equipment, and fluid formulation specialists.
International Symposium on Safety in Baseball/Softball
Authors: Hoerner EF , Cosgrove FA 
Published: March 2009

Description
Provides interested baseball/softball parties with new recommendations,guidelines, and suggestions on how baseball and softball programs, equipment, and facilities can be made safer. Whether you are concerned with the scientific intricacies of bat and ball research or how to best manage baseball/softball programs, this publication offers the most diverse collection of baseball/softball safety related data and information available.
10 comprehensive, peer-reviewed papers from a wide range of experts cover state of the art products, materials, technology, epidemiology and program operations critical to baseball and softball. Specific topics addressed include:
• The physics of baseball/softball equipment
• The latest advances in protective equipment
• Innovative baseball/softball field design
• Improved operations and maintenance systems
• Spectator safety management
• The causes of baseball/softball injuries.
Environmental Toxicology and Risk Assessment: Modeling and Risk Assessment Sixth Volume
Authors: Dwyer FJ , Doane TR , Hinman ML 
Published: March 2009

Description
The urgency and importance of properly conducting a risk assessment,and all the various attributes of the assessment, will remain a significant issue for years to come. STP 1317 explores the use of modeling in developing risk assessments for a variety of environmental situations, including human-health assessments, site-specific assessments, and ecosystem-level assessments.
32 peer-reviewed papers examine several aspects to consider when conducting a risk assessment, including:
• When is Risk Assessment the Right Tool?
• Communication of Risk Assessment
• Model Selection and Problem Analysis
• Data Quality and Uncertainty.
Insulation Materials: Testing and Applications, 3rd Volume
Authors: Graves RS , Zarr RR 
Published: March 2009

Description
STP 1320 features the most current information from the world's leading experts on thermal insulation materials, systems and measurement technology.
34 peer-reviewed papers convey state-of-the-art research in the following comprehensive areas: • Fenestration Testing • System Testing • Materials Testing/Properties • Models &amp Materials • and Test Methods.
Two sections on performance feature 10 papers examining such topics as an innovative self-drying thermal insulation concept, thermohygric performance corrosion prevention, external corrosion cracking, and how building materials hold up against wide ranging temperature and humidity conditions.
Site Characterization and Design of On-Site Septic Systems
Authors: Bedinger MS , Fleming JS , Johnson AI 
Published: March 2009

Description
On-site septic system technology is undergoing dramatic changes and advances with increased effort and thought placed on the effective and economical design of on-site systems. STP 1324 addresses these changes with 25 peer-reviewed papers in three sections:
Septic System Operation and Evaluation -- 7 papers, including a comprehensive inspection procedure for evaluation of septic systems; distribution box performance in septic tank-soil absorption systems; domestic wastewater and the sodium factor; and the use of low-pressure systems to provide even distribution of septic tank effluent in septic filter fields.
Septic System Site Characterization and Design -- 9 papers, including a pressure system design spreadsheet; problems associated with disturbed soils; man-made materials used to produce high-quality effluent; and an empirical procedure for analysis of mounding in the vadose zone in the evaluation of the viability of large septic systems.
Alternative Systems and Component Design -- 9 papers, summary of a study to determine the suitability of used tires as a substitute for drainfield aggregate in standard sewage disposal systems; field performance of chamber leaching systems ; alternative design for wastewater treatment
The Effects of Stress and Temperature on the Open-Hole Tension Fatigue Behavior of a Graphite/Bismaleimide Composite
Authors: Johnston WM , Gates TS 
Published: March 2009

An experimental investigation was performed to determine the behavior of an open-hole tension (OHT) graphite/bismaleimide composite specimen loaded in tension-tension fatigue under isothermal, fixed-frequency conditions. A range of stress levels and temperature levels was chosen to assess performance. These loads and elevated temperatures ranged from relatively benign conditions (low stress, room temperature) up through aggressive conditions (high stress, high temperature). Measurements were made of stiffness, edge crack density, residual strength, weight loss, and changes in glass transition temperature (Tg).
Results from this work will help explain the roles of aging and fatigue damage in the performance of graphite/bismaleimide OHT specimens as well as providing insights into the individual and synergistic contributions of each of these processes. Contributions of aging and microcrack formation during elevated temperature fatigue of OHT specimens may result in a net stiffness increase in the gage section and a decrease in residual strength. The magnitude of changes in stiffness or strength is determined by the time at temperature and the chosen stress level.
Residual Strength Prediction of Impact-Damaged Composite Structures by Optical and Acoustical Computer Sensing with Neural Network Techniques
Authors: Lansing MD , Walker JL , Russell SS 
Published: March 2009

The proliferation of composites as a structural material has increased the necessity for detection and characterization of impact damage. Impact damage, due either to mishandling or in-service environment, in the form of delaminations, matrix cracking, and fiber chopping, may be sufficient to reduce the load-bearing ability of the structure below safety limits and may still not be visible to the unaided observer. Such damage may exist on the surface of an internal cavity, which may prevent it from being viewed, or it may exist within the thickness of the structure and not be visible from either side of the laminate. Impact damage that is partially visible often extends further along and through the material than that which can be seen. Computerized methods for damage detection offer greater assessment capabilities than visual inspections and are capable of detecting subsurface or internal flaws. For these reasons, as well as the declining cost of more powerful hardware, computer sensing methods for nondestructive evaluation (NDE) have grown increasingly popular in recent years.
A disadvantage of some computerized NDE methods is that vast amounts of data are generally obtained from any given test, and often it is up to the inspection conductor to interpret these results subjectively based upon prior experience. An alternative is to train the computer sensing system to analyze the huge data arrays, which it can digest more easily than can its human counterpart, and to provide objective interpretations. This paper presents the results of an experimental study in which two computer sensing techniques were used to monitor filament-wound pressure vessels during pressurization. Acoustic emission registers the sound generated by microscopic damage propagation. Video image correlation is a noncontact computer vision technique that simultaneously measures full-field in-plane surface displacements and strains, both linear and angular, with subpixel accuracy. Neural networks were used to predict the burst pressures of impacted pressure vessels based upon data obtained at less than approximately one third of the expected burst pressure for an undamaged specimen.
Evaluation of the Performance of Statistical Tests Used in Making Cleanup Decisions at Superfund Sites. Part 1: Choosing an Appropriate Statistical Test
Authors: Berman DW , Allen BC , Van Landingham CB 
Published: March 2009

The decision rules commonly employed to determine the need for cleanup (including those cited in recent guidance) are evaluated below both to identify conditions under which they lead to erroneous conclusions and to quantify the rate that such errors occur. Their performance is also compared with that of other applicable decision rules.
We based the evaluation of decision rules on simulations. Results are presented as power curves. These curves demonstrate that the degree of statistical control achieved is independent of the form of the null hypothesis. The loss of statistical control that occurs when a decision rule is applied to a data set that does not satisfy the rule's validity criteria is also clearly demonstrated. Some of the rules evaluated do not offer the formal statistical control that is an inherent design feature of other rules. Nevertheless, results indicate that such “informal” decision rules may provide superior overall control of error rates, when their application is restricted to data exhibiting particular characteristics.
The results reported here are limited to decision rules applied to uncensored and lognormally distributed data. To optimize decision rules, it is necessary to evaluate their behavior when applied to data exhibiting a range of characteristics that bracket those common to field data. The performance of decision rules applied to data sets exhibiting a broader range of characteristics is reported in the second paper of this study.
Nondestructive Analysis of Fine-Grained Soils Utilizing Medical Imaging
Authors: Moo-Young HK , LaPlante C 
Published: March 2009

X-radiology and other forms of imaging have long played an important role in medical diagnosis. Recent developments in the past two decades of new and more powerful modalities for human imaging coupled with the explosive growth in the power of digital computers have dramatically changed the nature of radiological science. Applications of these new technologies present a new avenue of research in geotechnical and environmental engineering.
This study illustrates an example of the utilization of medical imaging techniques in geotechnical engineering for the examination of soil macro structure. X-ray radiography was utilized to study the changes in the macrostructure of fine-grained soils that resulted from freeze and thaw cycling. Freeze-and-thaw cycling changes the engineering properties of fine-grained soils (e.g., the hydraulic conductivity increases by one to three orders of magnitude.) In this study, laboratory compacted clay samples were examined using medical imaging before and after freeze and thaw cycling.
To evaluate the effects of freezing and thawing on the macrostructure of fine-grained soils, thin sections of frozen soil were also prepared at various freeze/thaw cycles and compared with unfrozen thin sections that were medically imaged. Thin sections of frozen fine grained soil were prepared using a milling machine in an environmental room. Macrostructure analyses of the thin sections were conducted by using back lighting which revealed details of the ice structures.
Survey of Automation Practices in Geotechnical Laboratories
Authors: Marr WA 
Published: March 2009

There has been considerable interest in automation of geotechnical laboratory testing over the past 20 years, particularly since the introduction of the personal computer. Several papers have been written describing various systems for automating different tests. However, it is not clear how this interest and the research results are being implemented in practice. There is little but anecdotal information on the experiences of those who have automated their geotechnical testing.
Subcommittee D18.95 of ASTM conducted a survey of automation practice in geotechnical laboratories. This survey was performed in 1996–1997 by publishing a questionnaire in the Geotechnical Testing Journal and mailing a copy of the questionnaire to lab managers asking them to summarize and quantify their experience with automated testing equipment.
This paper summarizes the results of that survey. It describes what types of tests laboratories have automated. It examines the types of automation equipment people have used and their experiences with that equipment. It also considers people's experience with important considerations like hardware reliability, software maintenance and vendor support. The paper provides useful information for those considering the purchase or development of automated geotechnical testing equipment.
Case Histories of Building Material Problems Caused by Condensation at an Enclosed Swimming Pool and an Enclosed Ice Rink
Authors: VanGeem MG , Farahmandpour K , Gajda J 
Published: March 2009

Enclosed swimming pools and ice rinks in winter climates have the potential for high indoor relative humidities and cold building materials. These elements can contribute to condensation and premature deterioration of building materials. Case histories are provided for an enclosed swimming pool and an enclosed ice rink with condensation problems.
An evaluation was performed after roof leaks were reported at a recently constructed indoor swimming pool in a Chicago suburb. After a preliminary inspection, it was evident that the reported leaks were related to building moisture problems rather than a roof leak. Exterior brick masonry exhibited heavy efflorescence in the area of the swimming pool, and water streaks were visible on the exterior walls below the eaves. The evaluation included laboratory testing, a visual inspection, field tests and measurements, and analyses for condensation potential. Results of the evaluation indicated the presence of condensed moisture as a direct cause of the observed water stains, and masonry efflorescence. Recommended corrective actions developed.
A 54-year-old enclosed ice rink in New England was under investigation to determine the cause of a deteriorated wood deck roof. The building did not have dehumidification or air handling systems, and was heated only when occupied. The evaluation included visual inspection and analyses for condensation potential. Results of the evaluation indicated condensation within the wood decking and insulation during winter months, and high relative humidities that prohibited drying during the spring, summer, and fall. These conditions, over an extended number of years, resulted in decay of the wood decking.
Envelope Analysis of Exterior Load Bearing Single-Wythe Partially Reinforced Hollow Clay Masonry Wall Systems for Residential Applications
Authors: McGinley WM , van der Hoeven RSK 
Published: March 2009

An investigation was conducted to evaluate the movement of water vapor and liquid water (permeance from driving rain), and their effect on the transient moisture characteristics exhibited by single-wythe residential clay masonry exterior load-bearing wall systems. The wall system evaluated was constructed of standard 6 in. hollow (ASTM C 652) units and used a variety of insulation configurations. These wall systems were evaluated for water penetration performance using ASTM E 514 water penetration tests. The transient thermal and vapor transmission characteristics of each configuration were also evaluated using a one-dimensional finite difference analysis (the MOIST analysis program).
The results of this investigation indicate that if properly designed and constructed, the wall system provides excellent resistance to wind-driven rain. However, the investigation also indicated that interstitial condensation may occur in the insulation and interior sheathing layers if the system is not properly designed for the prevailing climate.
Simulating Design Storms with Water Chamber Testing
Authors: Galitz CL , Whitlock AR 
Published: March 2009

The most commonly-used standard method of testing a masonry wall's leakage performance in the laboratory is the ASTM Standard Test Method for Water Penetration and Leakage Through Masonry (C 1389) water chamber test. The apparatus from this test has been modified for field use by various individuals but no standard provisions for field use have yet been developed. ASTM is currently considering such a standard test method for field water chamber testing. The purpose, interpretation of results, significance, and procedures of the field test have been questioned and criticized in the past. It is the purpose of this paper to address wind-driven rainfall simulation using the chamber test in the field or laboratory.
Water intrusion into and through a masonry facade is affected by air pressure, momentum, gravity, capillary action, and other basic scientific principles. Analysis of the driving forces behind water penetration is presented to show the relationship between these phenomena and testing variables.
Water testing may be designed to simulate wind-driven rainfall. It is therefore appropriate that the parameters of testing be varied, depending upon the realistic weather conditions of the geographical area in which the test is being conducted. Or, if a “standard” set of conditions is used, an analysis of local weather data should be made so that a statement of severity can be given. The use of site-specific or area-specific weather data can provide information for more accurate storm simulation when testing the water resistance of a particular wall. This paper discusses the various types of data available for selection of parameters for water chamber testing. Emphasis is placed on more realistic testing so that more meaningful results may be obtained. Classic parameters, such as the Driving Rain Index, local rainfall intensity, time of concentration, recurrence period, and similar wind storm statistics as well as real-time data from weather stations, are examined for adaptation to this test method.
Through the use of the concepts and procedures presented in this paper, a more thorough understanding of realistic water testing of masonry structures and a more accurate determination of a building's performance with regard to water penetration using the water chamber test method will be available.
Water Problems in Building Exterior Walls: Evaluation, Prevention, and Repair
Authors: Boyd JM , Scheffler MJ 
Published: March 2009

Description
A unique publication featuring a comprehensive overview of the ways water impacts building envelopes. A diverse range of professionals in related fields have written 22 peer-reviewed papers focusing on the following key areas:
Exterior Insulation and Finish Systems -- 5 papers examine theoretical, modeling and system design perspectives as well as new system approaches and retrofit alternatives.
Moisture Migration, Modeling and Condensation -- numerous issues such as moisture evaluation and analysis methods and condensation problems in an enclosed swimming pool and ice rink are explored in 4 papers.
Masonry Systems -- 7 papers address masonry concerns including mortar bond, foam insulation, alternative water control mechanisms, prefabricated assemblies and flashing and alternative system detailing.
Detailing, Testing and Case Studies -- An informative and practical view of 6 specific project case studies are presented here.
This is an invaluable resource for materials engineers and researchers, design specialists, waterproofing contractors, and building contractors.
Advances in the Production and Use of Steel with Improved Internal Cleanliness
Authors: Mahaney JK 
Published: March 2009

Description
Examines state-of-the-art technological innovations in inclusion identification and prevention, and their applications to steel production.
Seven comprehensive, peer-reviewed papers from leading experts in the United States, Europe and Asia examine the following key topics:
Bearing Steels -- Methods for determining internal cleanliness; the impact of inclusions on bearing hardness or strength; and how production and processing methods effect internal cleanliness and bearing life are explored in three papers.
Stainless Steels -- One paper presents inclusion problems associated with stainless steel medical implants.
Steel Castings -- Alternative processing modifications and methodologies applicable to the casting industry that would minimize macroinclusions in the final product are reviewed in one paper.
Steel for Plates -- Optimum production variables to improve the way structural steel plates are made are discussed in one paper; while another examines a new technique for determining the tendency of materials used for pressure vessel applications to crack internally during spin forming.
For quality control and metallurgical personnel.
Designing Cathodic Protection Systems for Marine Structures and Vehicles
Authors: Hack HP 
Published: March 2009

Description
This significant new ASTM publication is specifically aimed at cathodic protection in seawater. It summarizes the latest criteria and philosophies for designing both sacrificial and impressed cathodic protection systems for structures vehicles in seawater.
Seven peer-reviewed papers cover:
• A new approach that allows for the formation of calcareous deposits in a more accurate fashion than older, traditional methods
• Physical scale modeling of ICCP systems used by the U.S. Navy and how the results are translated into actual ship design
• Formulation and performance of aluminum anodes in various environments
• A protection design example for a geometrically complex warf structure
• Practical experiences involving deep water structures, such as offshore oil platforms
• Boundary Element computer modeling--latest technology for predicting cathodic protection current distribution and magnitude
• Preventing corrosion of space shuttle solid rocket boosters during ocean recovery
This volume is a valuable technical reference tool for designers of marine cathodic protection systems and evaluators of designs performed by others.
Towards a Flexible and General Computer-Based Representation of Experimental Data
Authors: King TM , Over HH , Webster GA 
Published: March 2009

A previous paper described the material state and process path model (MSAPPM) [1]. The MSAPPM specifies the elements and relationships necessary for the flexible storage of data from materials experiments. The current paper shows that three different forms of low-cycle fatigue tests have a similar pattern of description by the MSAPPM. Modern analysis procedures can benefit from this similarity because data access becomes consistent across all other possible configurations of such tests.
The MSAPPM is not yet fully mature. The current paper reveals that a separate storage hierarchy is necessary to model the test environment, and a special representation of time ensures that the physical reality of the experimental procedure is fully apparent. Further issues may demand extensions to the model. However, along with other solutions for the flexible representation of materials information, the MSAPPM attempts to achieve a sufficiently rich and accurate description of data. Global sharing of information will depend heavily on such descriptive capabilities.