bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bioactive Substances from Insect Pathogenic Fungi
Authors: Isaka Masahiko , Kittakoop Prasat , Kirtikara Kanyawim , Hywel‐Jones Nigel L. , Thebtaranonth Yodhathai 
Published: January 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access the actual ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Statins in Nephrotic Syndrome: A New Weapon Against Tissue Injury
Authors: Buemi Michele , Nostro Lorena , Crasci Eleonora , Barilla Antonio , Cosentini Vincenzo , Aloisi Carmela , Sofi Tito , Campo Susanna , Frisina Nicola 
Published: January 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access the actual ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Discovery of Non‐Peptide Bradykinin B2 Receptor Antagonists and Agonists
Authors: Abe Yoshito , Sawada Yuki , Imai Keisuke , Kayakiri Hiroshi 
Published: January 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access the actual ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Allylstannanes and Vinylstannanes from Stannylcupration of C—C Multiple Bonds. Recent Advances and Applications in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Barbero Asuncion , Pulido Francisco J. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access the actual ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
“Bound but Not Gagged” — Immobilizing Single‐Site α‐Olefin Polymerization Catalysts
Authors: Severn John R. , Chadwick John C. , Duchateau Robbert , Friedrichs Nic 
Published: January 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access the actual ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Sulfide‐ and Selenide‐Based Linkers in Phase Tag‐Assisted Synthesis.
Authors: McAllister Laura A. , McCormick Rosemary A. , Procter David J. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access the actual ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Characterization and Properties of Ge1–x–Cx:H Compounds Obtained by X‐ray CVD of Germane/Ethyne Systems: Effect of the Irradiation Dose
Authors: Benzi P. , Bottizzo E. , Demaria C. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractAmorphous germanium carbides have been prepared by X‐ray activated CVD from germane/ethyne systems containing from 10 % to 80 % of ethyne. The effects of the dosage on the composition, characteristics, and properties of the solids obtained have been investigated. The composition of the material is found to change depending on both the ethyne percentage in the mixture and the irradiation time. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, and infrared spectroscopy (IRS) results indicate that the solids are formed by a randomly bound network of carbon and germanium atoms with hydrogen atoms terminating all the dangling bonds. Optical gap values higher than 3.0 eV, and increasing with the carbon molar fraction of the solid, have been found.
Synthesis and Characterization of Ni and Ni/CrN Nanocomposite Coatings by Plasma Assisted Metal‐Organic CVD
Authors: Premkumar P. A. , Dasgupta A. , Kuppusami P. , Parameswaran P. , Mallika C. , Nagaraja K. S. , Raghunathan V. S. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractProcedures for Ni films and the composite coatings of Ni/CrN deposited using plasma assisted metal‐organic (MO) CVD are reported. Ni[(acac)2en] and Cr(acac)3 were used as the precursors for Ni and Cr, respectively. The composite coatings of Ni/CrN were developed by simultaneous cracking of these volatile chemical vapor sources using a glow discharge DC plasma under sub‐atmospheric pressure. Deposition of Ni films at various substrate temperatures indicated that pore‐free films could be formed at a substrate temperature of 600 °C. Irrespective of the mass percentage of the precursors of Ni and Cr, X‐ray diffraction (XRD) revealed a biphasic (CrN/Ni) structure for the composite coatings containing nanometer‐sized particles. The addition of the soft Ni phase to the relatively harder CrN phase was found to control the hardness of the Ni/CrN composites. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies confirmed the nanophasic distribution of Ni and CrN in the composite coatings.
Synthesis and Mechanical Properties of Cubic Boron Nitride /Nanodiamond Composite Films
Authors: Chong Y.‐M. , Ma K.‐L. , Leung K.‐M. , Chan C.‐Y. , Ye Q. , Bello I. , Zhang W. , Lee S.‐T. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractLarge‐area cubic boron nitride/nanocrystalline diamond (cBN/ND) composite films were deposited on silicon substrates using plasma‐assisted (PA) CVD processes, and a systematic study of their mechanical properties was carried out. The direct growth of cBN on ND without an amorphous and turbostratic BN interfacial layer dramatically improves the adherence of cBN films. Because of the strengthened adhesion and improved mechanical properties due to the layered structure and the smooth surface, the composite films could be used in mechanical and some device applications.
Myostatin imposes reversible quiescence on embryonic muscle precursors
Authors: Amthor Helge , Otto Anthony , Macharia Raymond , McKinnell Iain , Patel Ketan 
Published: January 2006

AbstractWe have previously shown that Myostatin, a member of the transforming growth factor beta (TFG‐β) family of signalling molecules, is expressed in developing muscle, and that treatment with recombinant Myostatin inhibited the expression of key myogenic transcription factors during chick embryogenesis. In this study, we followed the fate of muscle precursors after exposure to Myostatin. We report that in contrast to the down‐regulation in expression of Pax‐3, Myf‐5, MyoD, and Myogenin, expression of Pax‐7 was maintained. However, Myostatin completely inhibited cell division in the Pax‐7‐expressing cells. The inhibitory effect of Myostatin was reversible, as upon withdrawal myogenic cells re‐initiated cell proliferation as well as expression of Pax‐3 and MyoD. These results led us to investigate the temporal and spatial distribution of quiescent muscle precursors during development. To this end, we analysed distribution and mitotic behaviour of Pax‐7‐expressing cells during muscle development. Our studies revealed two populations of Pax‐7‐expressing cells, one that proliferated and incorporated BrdU, whilst the other did not. At early developmental stages, a high proportion of Pax‐7‐expressing cells proliferated, but there was a significant number of non‐dividing Pax‐7‐expressing cells intermingled with differentiated muscle. Proliferating precursors became less frequent as development proceeded and at late fetal stages all Pax‐7‐expressing cells were mitotically quiescent. We suggest that Myostatin is an important signalling molecule responsible for imposing quiescence upon myogenic precursors during embryonic and foetal development. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Developmental Dynamics 235:672–680, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Short‐range high‐resolution radar utilizing standing wave for measuring of distance and velocity of a moving target
Authors: Fujimori Shingo , Uebo Tetsuji , Iritani Tadamitsu 
Published: January 2006

AbstractFor automobile safety, supplemental equipment such as seat belts and air bags is used. These devices are activated after an accident. In contrast, from the point of view of accident prevention, automotive radar has been developed for collision avoidance. Presently, typical radars are the frequency‐modulated type and the pulse‐modulated type. It is known that measurement of an object over short range is difficult with these types of radar. Here, we propose a method of realization for radar using a standing wave that can measure a moving target within 2 m at a speed of 0 km/h to 100 km/h in simulations, within the specification of low‐power radio equipment to detect moving objects at 24 GHz with a narrow bandwidth of 76 MHz. This radar is not subject to the problems of FMCW radar such as leakage of the transmitted signal and false targets due to nonlinearity of the mixer. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 89(5): 52–60, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.20165
Automatic configuration method for IP routers in dynamically changing network
Authors: Hori Kenji , Yoshihara Kiyohito , Horiuchi Hiroki 
Published: January 2006

AbstractMedium‐ and small‐scale business organizations and schools are sometimes unable to obtain a sufficient number of network operators to achieve an adequate initial network configuration with IP routers, or to perform reconfiguration of the IP routers when the network configuration is dynamically modified, as in the case of addition and removal of IP routers. The purpose of this paper is to reduce the management workload in such an environment. An automatic configuration method for IP routers to deal with dynamic modification of the network is proposed. When the ARCP (automatic router configuration protocol), which is the conventional method for automatic configuration of IP routers, is run using the management server, difficulty arises in the modification of the IP router configuration information when an IP router is removed or three or more IP routers are connected to the same segment. A further problem is that the reduction of the management workload is less than might be expected, since there are many points to be set in the management server before starting the operation. An attempt is made to remedy these problems by proposing a new extended ARCP. The conventional method and the extended ARCP are compared theoretically and by simulation on a network with the assumed environment. The extended ARCP is shown to remedy the above problems and to reduce the number of points to be set in the management server by 30% compared to the conventional method. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 89(5): 15–27, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.20247
Binding of human serum amyloid P componentto L‐selectin
Authors: Stibenz Dietger , Gräfe Michael , Debus Nils , Hasbach Michael , Bahr Inke , Graf Kristof , Fleck Eckart , Thanabalasingam Usan , Bührer Christoph 
Published: January 2006

AbstractSerum concentrations of soluble L‐selectin by far exceed those of other soluble adhesion molecules, and serum soluble L‐selectin concentrations are remarkably stable upon prolonged storage. We present evidence for Ca2+‐dependent binding interactions between human serum amyloid P (SAP), a proteolysis‐resistant pentraxin glycoprotein, and L‐selectin, as shown by surface plasmon resonance measurements, protein band shift assays in a native PAGE system, and after SDS‐PAGE and membrane transfer. Monoclonal antibodies to L‐selectin strongly reduced binding of biotinylated SAP to L‐selectin‐IgG chimeras immobilized on microtiter plates. As binding was reduced by prior glycopeptidase F treatment of L‐selectin but not of SAP, it appears to be based on SAP lectin domain interactions with N‐linked L‐selectin carbohydrates. In freshly prepared human lymphocytes, SAP incubation induced expression of a β2 integrin neoepitope associated with high‐affinity binding. This was partially blocked by pre‐incubation with Fab fragments of two anti‐L‐selectin antibodies. In flow chamber experiments, SAP inhibited the adherence of human neutrophils to activated endothelium under shear stress. Thus, SAP binds to human L‐selectin and affects L‐selectin‐dependent leukocyte‐endothelial interactions.
Migration of cytotoxic T lymphocytes toward melanoma cells in three‐dimensional organotypic culture is dependent on CCL2 and CCR4
Authors: Zhang Tianqian , Somasundaram Rajasekharan , Berencsi Klara , Caputo Laura , Gimotty Phyllis , Rani Pyapalli , Guerry DuPont , Swoboda Rolf , Herlyn Dorothee 
Published: January 2006

AbstractStudies in experimental animal models have demonstrated that chemokines produced by tumor cells attract chemokine receptor‐positive T lymphocytes into the tumor area. However, in cancer patients, the role of chemokines in T lymphocyte trafficking toward human tumor cells is relatively unexplored. In the present study, the migration of a melanoma patient's CTL toward autologous tumor cells has been studied in a novel three‐dimensional organotypic melanoma culture. In this model, CTL migrated toward tumor cells, resulting in tumor cell apoptosis. CTL migration was mediated by the CC chemokine receptor (CCR)4 expressed by the CTL and the CC chemokine ligand (CCL)2 secreted by the tumor cells, as evidenced by blockage of CTL migration by CCL2 or antibodies to CCL2 or CCR4. These results were confirmed in a Transwell migration assay in which the CTL actively migrated toward isolated CCL2 and migration was inhibited by anti‐CCR4 antibody. These studies, together with previous studies in mice indicating regression of CCL2‐transduced tumor cells, suggest that CCL2 may be useful as an immunotherapeutic agent for cancer patients.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Properties of Some Copper(II) Complexes of 2‐Pyridineformamide Thiosemicarbazone (HAm4DH)
Authors: del Carmen Aguirre María , Borrás Joaquín , Castiñeiras Alfonso , García‐Monteagudo José M. , García‐Santos Isabel , Niclós Juan , West Douglas X. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractReactions between different copper(II) salts and 2‐pyridineformamide thiosemicarbazone (HAm4DH) in neutral ethanolic media led to the formation of complexes with the formulae [Cu(HAm4DH)X2] (X = Cl or Br) (1, 2) and [Cu(HAm4DH)2]X2 (X = NO3 or ClO4) (3, 4). The same reactions carried out in the presence of triethylamine gave rise to new complexes with the general formulae [Cu(Am4DH)X] (X = Cl, Br, AcO, or NO3) (5–8), [Cu(H2O)(Am4DH)](ClO4) (9), and [Cu(Am4DH)2] (10), many of which were isolated with different molecules of crystallization and contain a deprotonated thiosemicarbazone (Am4DH). These complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, and different spectroscopic and magnetic techniques. The thermal and redox behavior of the complexes was also evaluated. Complexes 1, 2, 5, and 6 show better nuclease activity than [Cu(phen)2]2+. Inaddition, crystals were isolated in the cases of [Cu(HAm4DH)Cl2]2 (5a), 1∞[Cu(Am4DH)Cl] (5b), 1∞[Cu(Am4DH)Br] (6a), and [Cu(HAm4DH)(H2O)(ClO4)2]·MeOH·H2O (9a) and these structures were analyzed by X‐ray diffraction. Compound 5a has a dimeric structure with chlorine bridges and shows weak antiferromagnetism (J = –12.2 cm–1). Complexes 5b and 6a are one‐dimensional polymers formed through halogen bridges and the deprotonated thiosemicarbazone in the thiolate form. In compound 9a the copper(II) is in a distorted octahedral environment with two ClO4 units coordinated to the metal center. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Supported Ionic Liquid Phase (SILP) Catalysis: An Innovative Concept for Homogeneous Catalysis in Continuous Fixed‐Bed Reactors
Authors: Riisager Anders , Fehrmann Rasmus , Haumann Marco , Wasserscheid Peter 
Published: January 2006

AbstractApplications of ionic liquids to replace conventional solvents in homogeneous transition‐metal catalysis have increased significantly during the last decade. Biphasic ionic liquid/organic liquid systems offer advantages with regard to product separation, catalyst stability, and recycling but utilise in the case of fast chemical reactions only a small amount of expensive ionic liquid and catalyst. The novel Supported Ionic Liquid Phase (SILP) catalysis concept overcomes these drawbacks and allows the use of fixed‐bed reactors for continuous reactions. In this Microreview the SILP catalysis concept is surveyed by presenting results for the continuous gas‐phase hydroformylation of propene, as a reaction example. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Synthesis and Precursor‐Directed Biosynthesis of New Hormaomycin Analogues
Authors: Zlatopolskiy Boris D. , Radzom Markus , Zeeck Axel , de Meijere Armin 
Published: January 2006

AbstractSeveral new analogues of hormaomycin (1), a peptide lactone with interesting biological activities, were prepared by total synthesis or by precursor‐directed biosynthesis. The new analogues 2a–c, 3a–c, O‐MOM‐1 and epi‐O‐MOM‐1 as well as the model acyl tripeptides 20a–c and 21a–e were tested for their antibiotic activities to give new insights into structure–activity relationships of this class of compounds. In this context, an unexpected activity of 2c against C. albicans was discovered. The precursors necessary for feeding experiments, the amino acids 14a, 14b and 17, were prepared in 31, 48 and 55 % yield over 4 and 3 steps, respectively. In addition, these studies provided some new information about the biosynthetic route to furnish compound 1. They also support the notion that the combination of chemical and biological methods may provide a broad range of analogues of an interesting biologically active natural product. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Chemoenzymatic One‐Pot Synthesis of Enantiopure L‐Arylalanines from Arylaldehydes
Authors: Paizs Csaba , Katona Adrian , Rétey János 
Published: January 2006

AbstractVarious enantiopure L‐arylalanines can be prepared from the corresponding arylaldehydes in one‐pot fashion by a combination of chemical and enzymatic reactions. The reagents used were (triphenyl‐λ5‐phosphanylidene)ethyl acetate (Wittig reaction), porcine liver esterase (PLE), phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) from parsley and ammonia. As examples the following aryl groups were used: phenyl, 4‐chlorophenyl, 3‐fluorophenyl and thiophen‐2‐yl. The pure L‐enantiomers of phenyl‐, 4‐chlorophenyl‐, 3‐fluorophenyl‐ and thiophen‐2‐ylalanines were obtained after ion‐exchange chromatography in 88, 78, 72 and 91 % yields, respectively, calculated from the arylaldehydes. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Enhanced binding and conformational selectivity in affinity capillary electrophoresis using a water‐soluble resorcin[4]arene as intrinsic buffer and electrokinetic host
Authors: Samson Sheeba , Britz‐McKibbin Philip 
Published: January 2006

AbstractAffinity capillary electrophoresis (ACE) is a widely used technique for quantifying non‐covalent molecular interactions that is dependent on the specific buffer conditions selected. In this study, dynamic 1:1 host‐guest inclusion complexation involving a charged resorcin[4]arene with a group of neutral corticosteroids was examined by ACE, where the macrocycle serves as both an intrinsic buffer and electrokinetic host. It was determined that over a 200% enhancement in the apparent binding constant (KB) was realized by ACE when using the host as an intrinsic buffer at pH 7.5 relative to an extrinsic sodium phosphate buffer system, which was also confirmed by 1H‐NMR experiments. This report also revealed improved selectivity mediated by the discrete conformational properties of the complex among similar corticosteroid guests, as reflected by the complex mobility (μep, AC) or the relative change in complexation‐induced mobility (1–μep, AC/μep, C). This latter property is a unique feature of ACE reflective of hydrodynamic size selectivity involving bulky guests or substrates. 1H‐NMR and computer molecular modeling provided complementary information regarding the relative orientation, conformation and overall molecular area of the complex. The coupling of thermodynamic (KB) and electrokinetic (μep, AC) factors associated with complex formation in buffered solutions that minimize the effects of extrinsic electrolytes serves to enhance enthalpy‐driven molecular recognition processes by ACE.
Effects of G‐quartet DNA stationary phase destabilization on fibrinogen peptide resolution in capillary electrochromatography
Authors: Vo Trang U. , McGown Linda B. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThe migration of fibrinogen peptides in capillaries coated with G‐quartet‐forming DNA oligonucleotides in open‐tubular CEC (OTCEC) was studied, in order to investigate factors affecting the retention of peptides on G‐quartet DNA stationary phases. At 25°C, the peptides eluted in the same order in OTCEC using a two‐plane G‐quartet DNA stationary phase as in CZE, including two peptides that were completely overlapped. It was found that baseline resolution of the coeluting peptides could be achieved in the OTCEC experiment, but not in CZE, at run temperatures of 35–40°C. A stationary phase formed by a scrambled‐sequence oligonucleotide that does not form a G‐quartet did not provide any resolution of the two coeluting peptides, even at the higher temperatures, indicating that some destabilization of the G‐quartet enhances resolution but that some degree of G‐quartet structure is necessary. The effects of destabilization were further explored through variation of the cations (sodium or potassium) used in attachment of the G‐quartet oligonucleotide to the capillary surface and in the mobile‐phase buffer. Resolution was lower when a more stable, four‐plane G‐quartet stationary phase was used, supporting the conclusion that some flexibility in the G‐quartet structure facilitates differential interactions that resolve otherwise coeluting peptides. The increase in peptide resolution upon destabilization of the G‐quartet structure could prove to be an important factor in the application of G‐quartet DNA stationary phases for nonaffinity‐based separation of native proteins and peptides.
Large‐pore mesoporous SBA‐15 silica particles with submicrometer size as stationary phases for high‐speed CEC separation
Authors: Tian Ruijun , Sun Junming , Zhang He , Ye Mingliang , Xie Chuanhui , Dong Jin , Hu Jiwei , Ma Ding , Bao Xinhe , Zou Hanfa 
Published: January 2006

AbstractA new mesoporous sphere‐like SBA‐15 silica was synthesized and evaluated in terms of its suitability as stationary phases for CEC. The unique and attractive properties of the silica particle are its submicrometer particle size of 400 nm and highly ordered cylindrical mesopores with uniform pore size of 12 nm running along the same direction. The bare silica particles with submicrometer size have been successfully employed for the normal‐phase electrochromatographic separation of polar compounds with high efficiency (e.g., 210 000 for thiourea), which is matched well with its submicrometer particle size. The Van Deemeter plot showed the hindrance to mass transfer because of the existence of pore structure. The lowest plate height of 2.0 μm was obtained at the linear velocity of 1.1 mm/s. On the other hand, because of the relatively high linear velocity (e.g., 4.0 mm/s) can be generated, high‐speed separation of neutral compounds, anilines, and basic pharmaceuticals in CEC with C18‐modified SBA‐15 silica as stationary phases was achieved within 36, 60, and 34 s, respectively.
Recent advances in the applications of CE to forensic sciences (2001–2004)
Authors: Tagliaro Franco , Bortolotti Federica 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThe present article reviews the applications of CE in forensic science covering the period from 2001 until the first part of 2005. The overview includes the most relevant examples of analytical applications of capillary electrophoretic and electrokinetic techniques in the following fields: (i) Forensic drugs and poisons, (ii) explosive analysis and gunshot residues, (iii) small ions of forensic interest, (iv) forensic DNA and RNA analysis, (v) proteins of forensic interest, and (vi) ink analysis.