bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low protein alimentation normalizes renal haemodynamic response to acute protein ingestion in type 1 diabetic children
Authors: CASTELLINO P. , SANTO N. G. DE , CAPASSO G. , ANASTASIO P. , COPPOLA S. , CAPODICASA G. , PERNA A. , TORELLA R. , SALVATORE T. , GIORDANO C. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. The effect of an acute protein load (2 g kg‐1bodyweight [BW]) was studied in nine type 1 diabetic children. Patients were maintained on two different dietary regimens. In study one, patients were on a high protein diet providing from 2.7 to 1.8 g of protein/kg of BW per day. In study two, patients were reevaluated after three weeks of a diet providing from 1.0 to 1.2 g kg‐1 of BW per day of protein. In study one (High Protein Diet), we failed to observe any rise in GFR and RPF following the protein meal (137 ± 21 basal vs. 110±14 and 472±93 basal vs. 494±93 ml/1.73 m2 of SA min‐1 at 60 min.This is in contrast with results from seven age matched controls consuming a free diet, which showed a significant rise in both GFR and RPF.In study two (low protein diet), basal GFR was significantly reduced. However after the protein load, both GFR (92±11 vs. 126±18 ml/1.73 m2 of SA min‐1) and RPF (467±83 vs. 705±102 ml/1±73 m2 min‐1) rose significantly (P<0.05 vs. basal). The data indicate that:1 short term protein restriction reduces significantly GFR in type 1 diabetic children;2 diabetic children maintained on an high protein intake show an altered haemodynamic response to protein ingestion;3 a normal response to protein ingestion can be restored by short term dietary protein restriction.
Antithrombin III activity, von Willebrand factor antigen and platelet function in young diabetic patients treated with multiple insulin injections versus insulin pump treatment
Authors: HUSTED S. E. , NIELSEN H. K. , BAK J. F. , BECK‐NIELSEN H. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. In a prospective study with cross‐over design 20 patients with insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus of more than 2 years duration were treated for 6 months with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) and multiple insulin injections (MII).Metabolic control, platelet aggregability, thromboxane B2 levels in serum and plasma as well as antithrombin III (ATIII) activity and von Willebrand factor antigen were evaluated. A good metabolic control was obtained by both intensified regimens. No difference could be demonstrated between either platelet function tests or serum level of von Willebrand factor antigen during treatment with CSII and MII. However, the plasma level of ATIII activity was significantly higher (P < 0.01) during MII treatment as compared to CSII treatment. There was no correlation between ATIII activity and daily insulin requirement or serum fructosamine.In conclusion, long‐term metabolic control with MII has a favourable effect on ATIII activity in plasma. This may be important for a delay in onset and progression of diabetic vascular complications.
Abnormal glomerular and tubular function during angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition in renovascular hypertension evaluated by the lithium clearance method
Authors: PEDERSEN E.B. , SØRENSEN S. S. , AMDISEN A. , DANIELSEN H. , EISKJÆR H. , HANSEN H. H. , JENSEN F.T. , JESPERSEN B. , MADSEN B. , NIELSEN H. K. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and tubular function were measured by means of the lithium clearance technique in 14 patients with renovascular hypertension (RVH) and eight patients with essential hypertension (EH) before and after oral administration of captopril 25 mg.In RVH captopril reduced 51‐Cr‐EDTA clearance (67.3 (median) to 47.5 ml min‐1, P<0.01), proximal absolute reabsorption of fluid (53.9 to 41.5 ml min‐1, P<0.01) and distal absolute reabsorption of sodium (2195 to 1402 μmol min‐1, P<0.01), whereas proximal fractional reabsorption increased slightly (77.5 to 80.2%, P<0.02). In EH, however, these parameters were practically unaffected by captopril. In both RVH and EH plasma concentrations of angiotensin II and aldosterone were reduced after captopril, but atrial natriuretic peptide in plasma and urinary excretion rate of prostaglandin E2 were unchanged. Blood pressure decreased after captopril in both groups, but the maximum fall in systolic BP was more pronounced in RVH (22%) than EH (13%).It is concluded that angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition markedly reduced absolute reabsorption in both the proximal and distal tubules in RVH, in contrast to EH, predominantly due to fall in the GFR, and that the slight increase in proximal fractional reabsorption may be attributed to a reduction in the hydrostatic pressure in the peritubular vessels.
Platelet noradrenaline release in patients with familial hypercholesterolaemia
Authors: SMITH C. C. T. , WILSON A. P. , PRICHARD B. N. C. , BETTERIDGE D. J. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. We have examined resting and thrombin (0.3 units ml‐1) induced release of noradrenaline by washed platelets from 15 normal subjects and eight patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia.Platelets from both normal and hypercholesterolaemic subjects showed irreversible aggregation with 0.3 units ml‐1 thrombin. Extents of aggregation were 76.3% and 90.8% respectively, platelets from hypercholesterolaemic patients being significantly more sensitive (P < 0.002).Under resting conditions platelet noradrenaline release was 136% greater (P<0.02) in hypercholesterolaemic patients than in normal subjects. Thrombin‐stimulated release of noradrenaline was also higher (73%, P<0.05) in hypercholesterolaemics than in normals. The differences between resting and thrombin‐stimulated release were greater for hypercholesterolaemic patients than normal subjects (P<0.05).Under resting conditions total platelet noradrenaline levels (sum of supernatant and platelet pellet concentrations) were similar in preparations from the two groups. However, following thrombin stimulation total noradrenaline concentrations were substantially greater (86%) in platelets from hypercholesterolaemics than normals (P<0.02). In hypercholesterolaemic patients thrombin stimulation was associated with an 101% increase (over resting levels) in total platelet noradrenaline (P<0.01), no increases being observed with normal subjects.We suggest that platelet membranes may be more permeable in patients with familial hypercholesterolaemia leading to increased non‐specific release of catecholamines. Platelets from patients with familial hypercholesterolaemia may also be more responsive to stimulation with respect to catecholamine release. The results obtained on calculation of total platelet noradrenaline levels may indicate that abnormalities of platelet dense granules occur in familial hypercholesterolaemia. In this context the relative proportions of free and conjugated catecholamine may be of relevance.The importance of lipoprotein‐platelet interactions has been emphasized as regards the development of atherosclerosis. Platelet thrombus formation is also of undoubted importance in myocardial infarction. The platelet abnormalities described in this paper may contribute to the increased risk of premature vascular disease in patients with familial hypercholesterolaemia.
Xbal restriction fragment length polymorphism of apolipoprotein B in Swedish myocardial infarction patients
Authors: WIKLUND OLOV , DARNFORS CATARINA , BJURSELL G. , NILSSON JEANETTE , LINDE'N T. , OLOFSSON S. O. , WILHELMSEN L. , BONDJERS G. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. Apolipoprotein B (apoB) is a major importance to the metabolism of lipoproteins, and there is also evidence which suggests that apoB plays a central role in atherogenesis. In order to study whether there is a link between one of the mutations of the apoB gene and premature coronary heart disease, the frequency of the XbaI RFLP for the apoB gene was analysed in 52 male myocardial infarction patients. These were compared with a control group matched for age and sex (n= 52), and a random population sample of middle‐aged men (n= 106).Two alleles were identified by the presence (X2) or the absence (X1) of an XbaI cleavage site.A somewhat higher frequency of the X2 allele was seen among the patients, however there was no significant difference between patients and controls regarding the genotypes or allele frequencies.This observation does not confirm one earlier report where a higher frequency of the X1 allele was seen in myocardial infarction patients. Differences between the studied populations or epidemiological designs of the studies might explain the diverging results. Further studies are evidently needed to fully resolve the relation between the XbaI RFLP and risk of atherosclerotic disease or lipoprotein metabolism.
Gastrointestinal transit of (indigestible solids measured by metal detector EAS II
Authors: EWE K. , PRESS A. G. , DEDERER W. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. A new method was developed to measure gastrointestinal transit: a metal particle is followed on its way through the gastrointestinal tract by means of a portable metal detector. Deviation of measured localization of the metal particle from the exact site was 0.5–1.0 cm depending on its size and distance from the search probe. A metal sphere of 6 mm diameter can be located accurately in the body at a distance of 2–12 cm from the abdominal surface.Emptying of a metal particle from the stomach, its arrival at the caecal area and its passage through the colon into the rectum can be registered and hence, gastric residence time, small intestinal transit and transit through different parts of the colon were determined.Gastric residence time at the interdigestive phase was (mean ± SD) 67 ± 52 min in 20 persons with a range of 9–185 min. When gastric emptying was recorded by pH sensitive radiotelemetering capsule in 10 persons, correlation of both methods was r= 0.99.Small intestinal transit averaged 110 ± 56 min in six healthy volunteers when breakfast was eaten after the marker had left the stomach. It was delayed to 218 ± 34 min (P<0.01) whan fasting was continued.Large intestinal transit of the metal marker was compared to whole body transit of radio‐opaque (‘Hinton’) markers. In nine normal persons, 70% of the Hinton markers were excreted together with the metal particle.It is concluded that this new method is suitable for studying a large variety of physiological, pathophysiological and pharmacological questions concerning gastrointestinal transit. It is inexpensive and easily performed, does not cause radiation exposure, and allows measurements under everyday life conditions.
Low levels of serum type III procollagen aminoterminal propeptide confirmed type III collagen deficiency in patients without typical clinical symptoms of Ehlers‐Danlos type IV
Authors: DYNE K. M. , ZANABONI G. , ANNONI G. , AGOSTINI M. P. DE , CETTA G. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. Biochemical analysis of skin samples revealed that the content of type III collagen was greatly reduced in several subjects with joint hyper‐mobility, stretchability and bruisability of skin. When cultured dermal fibroblasts were found to secrete decreased amounts of type III procollagen into medium (about 30–45% the normal amount) and serum type III procollagen aminopropeptide levels were significantly lower than normal values (P < 0.001).The abnormalities in type III procollagen are in keeping with Ehlers‐Danlos type IV although the clinical findings in our patients are not normally associated with this disorder. The results illustrate the clinical heterogeneity of Ehlers‐Danlos type IV and the importance of biochemical analysis, such as determination of type III procollagen aminopropeptide levels, to check type III collagen metabolism especially if there is no family history and if correct diagnosis is not reliable by clinical examination alone.
Evidence for immunological differences between circulating and thyroid tissue‐derived thyroglobulin in men
Authors: SCHULZ R. , BETHÄUSER H. , STEMPKA L. , HEILIG B. , MOLL A. , HÜFNER M. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. The expression of six antigenic epitopes on plasma Tg and tissue‐derived Tg was investigated using mouse mabs in immunoradiometric assays. The sensitivity of the assays ranged between 0.5 and 1.5 μg 1‐1. Plasma thyroglobulin of 15 normal individuals and 18 patients with metastatic, differentiated thyroid cancer was analysed. Whereas five monoclonals produced values comparable to the conventional RIA system, the monoclonal antibody Tg 158 did not detect any Tg in the normal individuals and only low levels in two of the cancer patients with the highest Tg levels.In contrast, dilutions of extracts of three different euthyroid goitre samples and three different samples of differentiated thyroid cancer revealed no difference in the antigenic expression of all six epitopes, including the Tg 158 epitope. Papain digestion of purified Tg resulted in a 76 kD fragment which showed immuno‐reactivity for Tg 158 as well as for Tg 11. No interference of the binding of Tg 158 by T3, T4 or DIT could be detected.We conclude that the monoclonal antibody Tg 158 detects an epitope which is present in thyroid tissue‐derived Tg but not in circulating thyroglobulin. This antibody might be useful for the investigation of the secretory process of thyroglobulin from the thyrocytes into the circulation.
Degradation of vasoactive intestinal peptide by isolated, ventilated, and perfused rat lungs
Authors: BERNHARD W. , BOTHE‐SANDTFORT E. , KOOP H. , CASSEL W. , WICHERT P. VON 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. The degradation of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) was studied using an isolated perfused rat lung model. 125iodine labelled VIP (125I‐VIP) was used as a tracer. VIP was cleared from the perfusate by a single lung passage up to concentrations of 1 nmol 1‐1. The clearance rate was decreased at higher concentrations of VIP. VIP was taken up by the lung tissue and the cleavage products were re‐extruded into the perfusate. The time delay of re‐extrusion was increased at starting concentrations of VIP exceeding 1 nmol 1‐1 and in the presence of the lysosomal inhibitor chloroquine. After a bolus of 9 pmol or 40 nmol 125I‐VIP into the pulmonary artery catheter 6.3 pmol or 2920 pmol, respectively, were bound by the lung. Most of the radioactive material was extruded within 25 min and consisted of low molecular weight 125I‐labelled degradation products.We conclude that the receptors for VIP in the alveolar capillaries are of high affinity and capacity to extract VIP from the circulation and that lysosomes may be involved in the degradation. The degradation products are of low molecular weight.
Treatment of endemic goitre due to iodine deficiency with iodine, levothyroxine or both: results of a multicentre trial
Authors: HINTZE G. , EMRICH D. , KÖBBERLING J. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. Preliminary clinical studies and recent in vitro investigations suggest that iodine administration may be an effective alternative in the treatment of the diffuse euthyroid goitre of iodine deficiency. Therefore a 12‐month multicentre study was initiated in which 166 patients were randomly assigned to take either 150 μg levothyroxine day‐1 (group A, n= 61), 400 μg iodine day‐1 (group B, n= 50), or a combination of 75 μg levothyroxine and 200 μg iodine day‐1 (group C, n= 55) for 8 months with follow‐up examinations at 4 and 8 months as well as 4 months after cessation of treatment. Initially, thyroid volume, as determined by ultrasound, was not significantly different in the three groups.In all three groups, during treatment a significant and comparable mean decrease in goitre size was documented (‐32.1% in group A, ‐37.3% in group B, ‐38.7% in group C). After cessation of treatment in group A mean thyroid volume again increased to near the baseline value (‐12.0% compared to the initial investigation), while the therapeutic effect was sustained in group B (‐32.5%). In group C, only a slight rebound effect was observed (‐26.3%vs baseline volume). Total thyroxine (T4) increased sharply and significantly in group A from 7.8 ± 1.9 to 10.9 ± 2.8 μg dl‐1 after 8 months (P<0.001), but only slightly, although significantly in group B (from 7.8±1.5 μg dl‐1 to 8.9 ± 1.6 μg dl‐1; P<0±02). Striking differences between the three groups were evident in the changes of basal and thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) stimulated thyrotropin (TSH). After 8 months a sharp and significant decrease of TSH occurred in group A (from 1.2±0.53 to 0.4±0.74 μU ml‐1; P<0001) and in group C (from 1.2 ± 0.97 to 0.5±0.56 μ ml‐1; P<0.001). In group B, TSH was also significantly lower (from 1.3 ± 1.04 to 0.9 ± 0.72 μUml‐1;P<0.02), but remained significantly higher compared to group A and group C. Similar changes were observed when the TSH after TRH administration was calculated. After cessation of treatment, the values for basal TSH and TRH‐stimulated TSH in the three groups were not significantly different from each other. They had increased to the initial values.Our data clearly show that iodine alone (400 μg day‐1) or a combination of 75 μg levothyroxine and 200 μg iodine day‐1 are at least equally as effective for goitre reduction as levothyroxine alone (150 μg day‐1) and offers the further benefit of a sustained effect after cessation of therapy.
The effect of cytomegalovirus infection on the adherence of polymorphonuclear leucocytes to endothelial cells
Authors: SPAN ANGELIQUE H. M. , BOVEN C. P. A. VAN , BRUGGEMAN CATHRIEN A. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. Adherence of polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMN) to the endothelial lining of blood vessels is an essential component of the inflammatory response. In this study the effect of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection on the adherence of PMNs has been examined using an in vitro model system.Human umbilical venous endothelial cells (HUVEC) were grown on fibronectin‐coated plastics. CMV infection of HUVEC resulted in the appearance of viral antigens in a small percentage of the cells. At 24 h post‐infection when no virus‐induced cytopathic effect could be observed in the cell monolayers, the adherence of PMNs was significantly increased. The virus‐induced adherence effect was cell bound and could not be induced by soluble components in the medium of the virus‐infected cells. The augmentation of the PMN adherence to CMV‐infected endothelium was sensitive to tunicamycin suggesting that the virus infection induces the expression of glycoproteins on the HUVEC membranes which are responsible for the PMN adherence.Thus CMV infection of the endothelium results in an increased adherence of PMNs. In the in vivo situation systemic viral infection can potentially lead to infection of blood vessel endothelium and thus can induce a damage of endothelium. This phenomenon could play a role in the atherogenesis process.
Low protein alimentation normalizes renal haemodynamic response to acute protein ingestion in type 1 diabetic children
Authors: CASTELLINO P. , SANTO N. G. DE , CAPASSO G. , ANASTASIO P. , COPPOLA S. , CAPODICASA G. , PERNA A. , TORELLA R. , SALVATORE T. , GIORDANO C. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. The effect of an acute protein load (2 g kg‐1bodyweight [BW]) was studied in nine type 1 diabetic children. Patients were maintained on two different dietary regimens. In study one, patients were on a high protein diet providing from 2.7 to 1.8 g of protein/kg of BW per day. In study two, patients were reevaluated after three weeks of a diet providing from 1.0 to 1.2 g kg‐1 of BW per day of protein. In study one (High Protein Diet), we failed to observe any rise in GFR and RPF following the protein meal (137 ± 21 basal vs. 110±14 and 472±93 basal vs. 494±93 ml/1.73 m2 of SA min‐1 at 60 min.This is in contrast with results from seven age matched controls consuming a free diet, which showed a significant rise in both GFR and RPF.In study two (low protein diet), basal GFR was significantly reduced. However after the protein load, both GFR (92±11 vs. 126±18 ml/1.73 m2 of SA min‐1) and RPF (467±83 vs. 705±102 ml/1.73 m2 min‐1) rose significantly (P<0.05 vs. basal). The data indicate that:1 short term protein restriction reduces significantly GFR in type 1 diabetic children;2 diabetic children maintained on an high protein intake show an altered haemodynamic response to protein ingestion;3 a normal response to protein ingestion can be restored by short term dietary protein restriction.
Role of bile acids in the control of pancreatic secretion and CCK release
Authors: KOOP I. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. In most species stimulated pancreatic enzyme secretion and CCK release are increased in the absence and inhibited in the presence of luminal bile acids. Changes in CCK release are almost unequivocal in all investigated species. With respect to enzyme secretion, physiological bile acid concentrations seem to be necessary to exert an inhibitory effect on stimulated enzyme output in humans. Bile acids administered in higher concentrations may enhance basal and stimulated pancreatic secretion. Furthermore, the chemical properties of different bile acids (i.e., hydroxylation, conjugation) seem to contribute to their stimulating effect on enzyme secretion as was observed in several species. The rank order of bile acids inhibiting stimulated enzyme secretion in humans is taurocholate taurodeoxycholate > taurocheno‐deoxycholate. On the other hand, chenodeoxycholic acid exerts the strongest stimulating effect on secretin release, which may account for the stimulating effect of this bile acid on exocrine pancreatic secretion.The strongest candidate for the mediator role in bile‐acid‐induced changes of exocrine pancreatic secretion is CCK (at least in dogs and rats).The CCK cell may be influenced either directly or indirectly.In conclusion, bile acids modulate pancreatic enzyme secretion and CCK release. CCK is a major candidate for this regulatory role under physiological conditions.
Tubular site of renal sodium retention in ascitic liver cirrhosis evaluated by lithium clearance
Authors: ANGELI P. , GATTA A. , CAREGARO L. , MENON F. , SACERDOTI D. , MERKEL C. , RONDANA M. , DE TONI R. , RUOL A. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. Renal tubular sodium handling was evaluated in 27 non‐azotemic cirrhotic patients with ascites and positive sodium balance and in 17 controls after at least 5 days of a constant sodium intake using the lithium clearance as an index of fluid delivery to the distal tubule. Plasma renin activity and plasma aldos‐terone were also evaluated. Sodium fractional excretion, filtered sodium load, absolute sodium distal delivery, lithium fractional excretion and absolute distal sodium reabsorption were significantly lower in cirrhotics than in controls (0.58 ± 0.11 vs. 1.29 ± 0.12%, < 0.001; 12529± 677 vs. 15707±796 μEq min−1 1.73 m−2 BSA, <0.005; 2384±135.2 vs. 3685±219.3 μEq min−1 1.73 m−2 BSA, < 0.001; 19.5±1.0 vs. 24.2±l.3%, < 0.01; 2299±127 vs. 3485±214 μEq min−1 1.73 m−2 BSA, <0.001, respectively). A correlation was found between lithium clearance and sodium clearance only in cirrhotic patients (r = 0.62; <0.01). Distal sodium reabsorption evaluated as a per cent of filtered sodium load was lower in cirrhotics than in controls (19.1 ±1.0 vs. 22.4±1.2%, <0.05) while distal sodium reabsorption evaluated as a per cent of sodium distal delivery was higher in cirrhotics than in controls (96.7 ± 0.4 vs. 94.4± 0.5%,< 0.005). In both groups a correlation was found between log plasma aldosterone and distal sodium reabsorption evaluated as a per cent of absolute sodium distal delivery (r = 0.61, <0.01 and r=0.52,<0.05 respectively).Our study indicates that a decrease in filtered sodium load and an increase in proximal sodium reabsorption play a critical role in the impairment of renal sodium handling in non‐azotemic cirrhotic patients with ascites.