bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthetic biology‐based bacterial extracellular vesicles displaying BMP‐2 and CXCR4 to ameliorate osteoporosis
Authors: Liu Han , Song Peiran , Zhang Hao , Zhou Fengjin , Ji Ning , Wang Mingkai , Zhou Guangyin , Han Ruina , Liu Xinru , Weng Weizong , Tan Haoqi , Wang Sicheng , Zheng Lei , Jing Yingying , Su Jiacan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractOsteoporosis (OP) is a systematic bone disease characterized by low bone mass and fragile bone microarchitecture. Conventional treatment for OP has limited efficacy and long‐term toxicity. Synthetic biology makes bacterial extracellular vesicle (BEVs)‐based therapeutic strategies a promising alternative for the treatment of OP. Here, we constructed a recombinant probiotics Escherichia coli Nissle 1917‐pET28a‐ClyA‐BMP‐2‐CXCR4 (ECN‐pClyA‐BMP‐2‐CXCR4), in which BMP‐2 and CXCR4 were overexpressed in fusion with BEVs surface protein ClyA. Subsequently, we isolated engineered BEVs‐BMP‐2‐CXCR4 (BEVs‐BC) for OP therapy. The engineered BEVs‐BC exhibited great bone targeting in vivo. In addition, BEVs‐BC had good biocompatibility and remarkable ability to promote osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. Finally, the synthetic biology‐based BEVs‐BC significantly prevented the OP in an ovariectomized (OVX) mouse model. In conclusion, we constructed BEVs‐BC with both bone‐targeting and bone‐forming in one‐step using synthetic biology, which provides an effective strategy for OP and has great potential for industrialization.
Tephra identification without pre‐separation in ashed peat
Authors: Blennerhassett LUCY C. , Guyett PAUL C. , Tomlinson EMMA L. 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACTCryptotephras in peat and sediment samples are traditionally separated for geochemical characterization using chemical or density floatation techniques following initial tephra identification and shard counting through analysis of ashed residue via light microscopy. However, these practices can be time consuming, subject to practitioner experience and material type, with a potential for sample loss. We present an alternative approach to identify cryptotephra in peat and sedimentary samples, where ashed material is mounted directly in epoxy resin and analysed through back‐scattered electron (BSE) imaging via scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (SEM‐EDX). Semi‐quantitative, unsupervised chemical maps of epoxy mounts are created within 120 min using ‘Feature Analysis’ on AZtec software by Oxford Instruments. These maps locate grains of higher atomic mass and categorize phases based on geochemistry. We create a tephra identification method using an ombrotrophic peat sample doped with bimodal Vedde Ash, where recovery of the known tephra proportion in wet peat is 96%. We also propose an automated alternative to optical shard counting, whereby tephra counts identified via Feature Analysis can be ratioed to total grain counts acquired through ImageJ software and extrapolated to the inorganic fraction in wet peat. We apply the method to a minerotrophic peat from Brackloon Wood, Mayo, Ireland, where the Laki ad 1783–84 cryptotephra is successfully identified.
Role of Ultrasound and Ultrasound‐Based Prediction Model in Differentiating Follicular Thyroid Carcinoma From Follicular Thyroid Adenoma
Authors: Zhang Fan , Mei Fang , Chen Wen , Zhang Yongyue 
Published: April 2024

ObjectivesThis study aims to identify distinct ultrasound (US) characteristics for distinguishing follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) from follicular thyroid adenoma (FTA), and construct a user‐friendly preoperative risk stratification model for thyroid follicular neoplasms.MethodsIn this retrospective study, patients diagnosed with pathologically confirmed FTA or FTC and undergoing US examinations between July 2017 and June 2021 were designated as the training cohort, and those from July 2021 to June 2023 were enrolled as the external validation set. We systematically assessed and compared the sonographic and clinical characteristics of FTC and FTA. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to assess the association of US features with FTC in the training set. A prediction nomogram model, incorporating US features independently associated with FTC, was developed and validated externally to assess its performance.ResultsA total of 645 patients (FTA/FTC = 530/115) were included in the training set, while 197 patients (FTA/FTC = 165/32) constituted the validation set. In the training set, solid composition, hypo‐echogenicity, irregular margin, calcification, protrusion sign, trabecular formation, absent or thick halo, and mainly central hypervascularity were identified as independent factors associated with FTC. The prediction nomogram model constructed using these variables showed good performance in differentiating FTC from FTA with an area under the curve of 0.948 in the training set and 0.915 in the validation set.ConclusionsThe preoperative nomogram model constructed based on US features serves as an effective tool for the risk stratification of thyroid follicular neoplasms.
Effect of oleic acid modified GO‐LaF3 on lubrication characteristics of 10# white oil
Authors: Liu Tianxia , Qin Jian , Wang Jian , Li Jing , Liu Jinyu 
Published: April 2024

AbstractTo study the synergistic lubricating effects of graphene oxide (GO) and lanthanum fluoride (LaF3), and find a new anti‐wear additive, oleic acid surface‐modified graphene oxide‐lanthanum fluoride (OA‐GO‐LaF3, OGL) composite nano‐additive was prepared by hydrothermal method by using oleic acid as the modifier. The morphology, structure, composition, element valence, thermal stability and tribological properties of nano additives were characterised by a series of modern characterisation methods. Results show that OGL has a higher degree of graphitization, smaller particle size, more homogeneous disperse, higher LaF3 load and stronger thermal stability than that of GL. The tribological properties of OGL which is modified by oleic acid are better than unmodified GL. Analysis of the friction mechanism shows that both OGL and GL can generate LaF3 physical adsorption films through adsorption during the friction process and tribochemical reactions film containing lanthanum compounds, carbon oxide compounds, and iron oxide compounds on the friction surface. These physical adsorption films and chemical reaction film can improve lubrication.
Synthesis and Characterization of an Alicyclic Acid Anhydride Containing Four Stereoisomers and the Derived Polyamideimides Using Diisocyanates
Authors: Duke Tariku Nefo , Zhong Kai‐Cheng , Chen Jyh‐Chien 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAn alicyclic acid anhydride containing four stereoisomers, racemic (1S,2R,3R,4R,5R)‐bicyclo[2.2.2]octane‐2,3,5‐tricarboxylic acid‐2,3‐anhydride (7a+7a′) and racemic (1S,2S,3S,4R,5R)‐bicyclo[2.2.2]octane‐2,3,5‐tricarboxylic acid‐2,3‐anhydride (7b+7b′) (BOTA), is synthesized using phthalic anhydride as the starting material. The chemical structures of the products in each step are fully characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS), elemental analysis, and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. The polycondensation process involving BOTA and several diisocyanates is applied to prepare polyamideimides (PAIs). Furthermore, PAI‐Xs are prepared using methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) and various mole ratios of BOTA and 4,4′‐(hexafluoroisopropylidene)diphthalic anhydride (6FDA). PAI‐Xs exhibit good solubility in organic solvents such as dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone (NMP), N,N‐dimethylacetamide (DMAc), γ‐butyrolactone (GBL), N,N‐dimethylformamide (DMF), and m‐cresol at room temperature. They can form flexible films with low coefficients of thermal expansion (CTE) (51–70 ppm °C−1) and high glass transition temperatures (Tg) (222–272 °C). They also demonstrate high transparency with transmittance at 500 nm (T500 nm) ranging from 77.2% to 82.5%. BOTA can be a significant building block in PAI synthesis, offering an alternative to 1,2,4‐trimellitic anhydride (TMA).
Promoting organ donation through philanthropic partnerships
Authors: Hoang Chi 
Published: April 2024

AbstractGovernment agencies and health practitioners are partnering with businesses to promote organ donation to wider audiences. However, little is known about whether targeted promotion through partnerships will help or hurt an agency promoting organ donation in its goal to obtain support from the public. Four studies reveal that depending on the risk of dying associated with partner members, a partnership promoting posthumous organ donation targeting these members may heighten thoughts of donors' exploitation. Donor exploitation concern, in turn, makes the targeted promotion of organ donation through the partnership unacceptable to people. This perception diminishes people's support for the agency initiating such a partnership in terms of how they evaluate it, intend to visit its website, and donate money to support its cause. We further show that the negative effect of targeted promotion through partnerships is alleviated when people are primed to be less concerned about the exploitation of organ donors or when the organ donation agency's commitment to protecting donors' rights is made salient.
Deep learning‐based rapid image reconstruction and motion correction for high‐resolution cartesian first‐pass myocardial perfusion imaging at 3T
Authors: Wang Junyu , Salerno Michael 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPurposeTo develop and evaluate a deep learning (DL) ‐based rapid image reconstruction and motion correction technique for high‐resolution Cartesian first‐pass myocardial perfusion imaging at 3T with whole‐heart coverage for both single‐slice (SS) and simultaneous multi‐slice (SMS) acquisitions.Methods3D physics‐driven unrolled network architectures were utilized for the reconstruction of high‐resolution Cartesian perfusion imaging. The SS and SMS multiband (MB) = 2 networks were trained from 135 slices from 20 subjects. Structural similarity index (SSIM), peak SNR (PSNR), and normalized RMS error (NRMSE) were assessed, and prospective images were blindly graded by two experienced cardiologists (5, excellent; 1, poor). For respiratory motion correction, a 2D U‐Net based motion corrected network was proposed, and the temporal fidelity and second‐order derivative were calculated to assess the performance of the motion correction.ResultsExcellent performance was demonstrated in the proposed technique with high SSIM and PSNR, and low NRMSE. Image quality scores were (4.3 [4.3, 4.4], 4.5 [4.4, 4.6], 4.3 [4.3, 4.4], and 4.5 [4.3, 4.5]) for SS DL and SS L1‐SENSE, MB = 2 DL and MB = 2 SMS‐L1‐SENSE, respectively, showing no statistically significant difference (p > 0.05 for SS and SMS) between (SMS)‐L1‐SENSE and the proposed DL technique. The network inference time was around 4 s per dynamic perfusion series with 40 frames while the time of (SMS)‐L1‐SENSE with GPU acceleration was approximately 30 min.ConclusionThe proposed DL‐based image reconstruction and motion correction technique enabled rapid and high‐quality reconstruction for SS and SMS MB = 2 high‐resolution Cartesian first‐pass perfusion imaging at 3T.
Mutations in the leptin‐melanocortin pathway and weight loss after bariatric surgery: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Zhang Nianrong , Wang Hao , Ran Shuman , Wang Zhe , Zhou Biao , Wang Siqi , Li Zhengqi , Liu Baoyin , Nie Yuntao , Huang Yishan , Meng Hua 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this meta‐analysis was to quantify the overall effects of gene mutations in the leptin‐melanocortin pathway on short‐ and long‐term weight loss after bariatric surgery.MethodsMEDLINE, PubMed, and Embase were searched, and data were analyzed using ReviewManager (RevMan) version 5.4. The datasets were divided into two subgroups based on postoperative time, and the outcome measure was the percentage of total weight loss. Meta‐regression analysis was performed, and the outcome was presented as the weighed mean difference of percentage of total weight loss.ResultsThe results showed that patients with mutations in the leptin‐melanocortin pathway experienced 3.03% lower total weight loss after bariatric surgery (mean difference, −3.03; 95% CI: −3.63 to −2.44), mainly reflected in lower long‐term postoperative weight loss (mean difference, −3.43; 95% CI: −4.09 to −2.77), whereas mutation carriers exhibited a magnitude of short‐term postoperative weight loss that was similar to patients without such mutations (total difference value, −1.13; 95% CI: −2.57 to 0.31).ConclusionsMutations in leptin‐melanocortin pathway genes reduce long‐term weight loss after bariatric surgery, whereas this effect may not be reflected during the period of rapid weight loss within 12 months. These genetic variants increase the difficulties in maintaining patients' long‐term weight loss.
Facile synthesis of a novel organic salt containing DOPO and pyrimidine as a reactive additive for high‐efficiency flame retarding epoxy resin
Authors: Luo Qinqin , Sun Yulin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractA novel organic salt containing DOPO and pyrimidine (AD) was successfully synthesized through a simple acid–base neutralization reaction. The salt was used as a reactive flame retardant for epoxy resin. Non‐isothermal DSC tests disclosed that the epoxy resin displayed a lower temperature of onset curing and exothermic peak in the presence of AD. By using only 3 wt% AD, the epoxy resin achieved a UL‐94 V‐0 rating and a limited oxygen index value of 27.4%, revealing the high flame‐retardant efficiency of AD. AD inhibited the release of heat and smoke. The analysis of the flame‐retardant mode of action indicated that AD was able to impede combustion not only by the dilution and quenching effects in the gas phase but also by the charring effect in the condensed phase. During UL‐94 testing, 3 wt% AD gave the epoxy resin good flame retardancy due to the charring and blowing‐out effects formed by adding AD. The blowing‐out effect was that the release of strong airflows suppressed or even blew out the flame based on the dilution and quenching effects of phosphorous‐containing radicals and numerous non‐combustible gases produced by the degradation of AD and epoxy resin matrix. Additionally, the incorporation of AD slightly increased the glass transition temperature and the tensile and flexural strengths of the epoxy resin. This study provided a meaningful attempt to improve the flame retardance of epoxy resin by introducing a reactive pyrimidine‐organophosphonic acid salt.
κ‐Carrageenan/poly(sodium styrenesulfonate‐co‐acrylic acid) macroporous anionic monoliths: Dye adsorption and oil–water separation properties
Authors: Jia Fengbo , Cao Liqin , Mi Hongyu , Dong Yong , Zhang Qiang 
Published: April 2024

Abstractκ‐Carrageenan (κC) is a widely used food hydrogel, but its use as an environmental adsorption separation material still needs to be further developed. Herein, a novel macroporous anionic monolith was synthesized by the oil‐in‐water high internal phase emulsion template method. The monolith was obtained by the continuous phase polymerization of sodium styrenesulfonate (NaSS) and acrylic acid (AA), in which κC was introduced to form a semi‐interpenetrating network structure to improve its overall performance. The results showed that the mechanical strength of the monolith increased with κC content. Because of the use of two strong hydrophilic monomers, NaSS and AA, the porous monolith proved to be superoleophobic underwater. In addition, the porous materials had a strong cationic dye adsorption capacity (2455 mg/g for malachite green, 1180 mg/g for methylene blue) and a fast removal rate, good reusability, and oil–water separation. This work highlights their potential application value in the purification of complex water environments.
Wood consolidation through an epoxy‐acrylic gamma‐crosslinked three‐dimensional system
Authors: Vasilca Silvana , Virgolici Marian , Cutrubinis Mihalis , Moise Valentin , Mereuta Paul , Sirbu Robert , Medvedovici Andrei Valentin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractEmerging technologies based on polymeric materials are progressively developed in order to preserve and consolidate cultural heritage artifacts. In this study, we aimed to obtain a hybrid polymer reliant on two types of thermosets that undergo irreversible crosslinking via ionizing radiation‐induced polymerization, the polymer's structure and characteristics being tailored using specific dose rates, doses, linear energy transfer and monomers ratio, in order to achieve the established performance requirements. Here, we demonstrate a covalently bonded 3D hybrid diepoxy‐triacrylic polymer that is chemically and dimensionally stable, intending to use it as a consolidant of highly degraded wooden artifacts in order to mitigate oxygen inhibition from radical chain reactions, to increase chemical and thermal stability, as well as to obtain a stiffer consolidated artifact, therefore more resistant to deformation. Various types of analytical techniques such as Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Mass Spectrometry or Thermal analysis were performed in order to support our strategy and predictions regarding the synergistic effect given by gamma irradiation‐driven crosslinking through simultaneous cationic and radical chain growth polymerization reaction mechanisms. We achieved a homogenous polymeric formulation and wood‐polymer composite materials with high modulus of elasticity, therefore providing up to a twofold increase in Young's modulus in the consolidated wood, a good chemical resistance to various solvents and outstanding thermal resistance up to 381°C. Consequently, the consolidation methodology, as well as mechanical testing, analytical and morphological characterization of the resulted composite will be discussed. Apart from consolidating cultural heritage wooden artifacts, this synthetic route and impregnation methodology provide opportunities for wood‐polymer composites in a wealth of applications as reinforced wood‐based materials.
Recent progress of cotton fabric based on bio‐inspired modification for oil/water separation
Authors: Meng Xu , Song Chengzhi , Dong Yanyan , Lis Arias Manuel José , Yan Junfeng , Liang Liping 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWith the continuous development of the industry, oil spill accidents occur frequently. Oil/water separation materials are considered to be a major choice for the treatment of oily wastewater due to their flexible operation and low cost. Cotton fabrics are low‐cost and environmentally friendly, which are used as substrates to prepare oil/water separation materials with quite competitive in the market. A large number of oil/water separation cotton fabrics with excellent properties have been frequently reported in recent decades. On the other hand, since the service life of these oil/water separation cotton fabrics is closely related to the thin layer covered on the surface, so in order to improve the practical applicability, substances such as dopamine and plant polyphenols that improve the adhesion of the thin layer to the surface of the material are introduced into the preparation process of these materials. On this basis, the research progress of super‐hydrophobic cotton fabrics, super‐hydrophilic/underwater super‐oleophobic cotton fabrics, super durable oil/water separation cotton fabrics and intelligent response to oil/water separation fabric in recent years are reviewed, as well as their applications in the field of oil/water separation.
Co‐targeting BET, CBP, and p300 inhibits neuroendocrine signalling in androgen receptor‐null prostate cancer
Authors: Choo Nicholas , Keerthikumar Shivakumar , Ramm Susanne , Ashikari Daisaku , Teng Linda , Niranjan Birunthi , Hedwards Shelley , Porter Laura H , Goode David L , Simpson Kaylene J , Taylor Renea A , Risbridger Gail P , Lawrence Mitchell G 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThere are diverse phenotypes of castration‐resistant prostate cancer, including neuroendocrine disease, that vary in their sensitivity to drug treatment. The efficacy of BET and CBP/p300 inhibitors in prostate cancer is attributed, at least in part, to their ability to decrease androgen receptor (AR) signalling. However, the activity of BET and CBP/p300 inhibitors in prostate cancers that lack the AR is unclear. In this study, we showed that BRD4, CBP, and p300 were co‐expressed in AR‐positive and AR‐null prostate cancer. A combined inhibitor of these three proteins, NEO2734, reduced the growth of both AR‐positive and AR‐null organoids, as measured by changes in viability, size, and composition. NEO2734 treatment caused consistent transcriptional downregulation of cell cycle pathways. In neuroendocrine models, NEO2734 treatment reduced ASCL1 levels and other neuroendocrine markers, and reduced tumour growth in vivo. Collectively, these results show that epigenome‐targeted inhibitors cause decreased growth and phenotype‐dependent disruption of lineage regulators in neuroendocrine prostate cancer, warranting further development of compounds with this activity in the clinic. © 2024 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Synthesis of a silicon‐containing cyclotriphosphazene derivative for flame‐retardant modification of epoxy resin
Authors: Xie Qiunan , Li Xiaohan , Lin Jieying , Zhu Feiyu , Liu Jingcheng , Li Xiaojie , Wei Wei 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAlthough epoxy resin (EP) has been widely used in many fields, it is still urgent to effectively improve its flame retardancy by halogen‐free strategies. Herein, a silicon‐containing cyclotriphosphazene derivative (HEP‐Si) was synthesized by nucleophilic substitution and silicon–hydrogen addition reaction using eugenol, hexachlorophosphazene and triethylsilane as raw materials. Then it served as a halogen‐free flame retardant for an EP/4,4′‐diaminodiphenylmethane system, and its performance was compared with that of commercial flame retardant hexaphenoxycyclotriphosphazene (HPP). The results showed that although the initial thermal decomposition temperature (T5%) of the cured products of EP/HEP‐Si was slightly lower than that of pure EP, T5% did not decrease further as the amount of HEP‐Si increased, indicating that good thermal stability was maintained. In addition, the char yield of the cured products of EP/HEP‐Si was significantly increased (more than 20 wt%) compared to that of pure EP. The cured EP with the addition of HPP and HEP‐Si both achieved a V‐0 rating in UL‐94 vertical burning test at 0.5 wt% phosphorus content, while the limiting oxygen index of the EP/HEP‐Si system was higher, reaching 33.2%. From cone calorimetric test results, the peak heat release rate, total heat release and total smoke production of the cured products of EP/HEP‐Si decreased by 61.5%, 37.1% and 26.2%, respectively, compared with that of pure EP. The cured EP/HEP‐Si materials also exhibited good thermomechanical and mechanical properties. Therefore, HEP‐Si is suggested to be a promising P/N/Si‐containing halogen‐free flame retardant for EP. © 2024 Society of Industrial Chemistry.