bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analgesic effects of subarachnoidally administered hyperbaric opioids in horses
Authors: Natalini Cláudio C. , Polydoro Alexandre da S. , Linardi Renata L. 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate the effects of subarachnoidally administered hyperbaric morphine, buprenorphine, and methadone on avoidance threshold to noxious electrical stimulation of the perineal, sacral, lumbar, and thoracic regions in horses.
Animals—6 healthy adult horses.
Procedures—Horses were assigned to receive subarachnoid administration of hyperbaric morphine (0.01 mg/kg), buprenorphine (0.001 mg/kg), methadone (0.01mg/kg), or 10% dextrose solution in equal volumes (5 mL). Electrical stimulation was applied every 10 minutes for 60 minutes and every 30 minutes for 120 minutes after subarachnoid injection over the dermatomes of the perineal, sacral, lumbar, and thoracic regions, and the avoidance threshold voltage was recorded. Heart and respiratory rate, blood gas tensions, serum electrolyte concentrations, and sedative effects were also evaluated.
Results—Administration of 10% dextrose solution did not change the avoidance threshold. Morphine and methadone significantly increased the avoidance threshold by 10 minutes after injection, which lasted until 120 minutes after subarachnoid administration in the perineal, sacral, lumbar, and thoracic regions. Profound analgesia (avoidance threshold > 40 V) was achieved in all regions. Buprenorphine also significantly increased the avoidance threshold by 10 minutes (36 V) after injection, which lasted 60 minutes and was considered moderate. Heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate, and blood gas tensions stayed within reference range. No ataxia, signs of sedation, or CNS excitement were observed.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Subarachnoid administration of hyperbaric morphine or methadone produces intense analgesia for 120 minutes over the dermatomes of the perineal, sacral, lumbar, and thoracic areas without cardiorespiratory depression, ataxia, or CNS excitement in horses.
Correlation of mitochondrial protein expression in complexes I to V with natural and induced forms of canine idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy
Authors: Lopes Rosana , Solter Philip F. , Sisson D. David , Oyama Mark A. , Prosek Robert 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
Objective—To identify qualitative and quantitative differences in cardiac mitochondrial protein expression in complexes I to V between healthy dogs and dogs with natural or induced dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM).
Sample Population—Left ventricle samples were obtained from 7 healthy dogs, 7 Doberman Pinschers with naturally occurring DCM, and 7 dogs with DCM induced by rapid right ventricular pacing.
Procedures—Fresh and frozen mitochondrial fractions were isolated from the left ventricular free wall and analyzed by 2-dimensional electrophoresis. Protein spots that increased or decreased in density by 2-fold or greater between groups were analyzed by matrixassisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry or quadrupole selecting, quadrupole collision cell, time-of-flight mass spectrometry.
Results—A total of 22 altered mitochondrial proteins were identified in complexes I to V. Ten and 12 were found in complex I and complexes II to V, respectively. Five were mitochondrial encoded, and 17 were nuclear encoded. Most altered mitochondrial proteins in tissue specimens from dogs with naturally occurring DCM were associated with complexes I and V, whereas in tissue specimens from dogs subjected to rapid ventricular pacing, complexes I and IV were more affected. In the experimentally induced form of DCM, only nuclear-encoded subunits were changed in complex I. In both disease groups, the 22-kd subunit was downregulated.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Natural and induced forms of DCM resulted in altered mitochondrial protein expression in complexes I to V. However, subcellular differences between the experimental and naturally occurring forms of DCM may exist.
Comparison of B-mode and Doppler ultrasonographic findings with histologic features of benign and malignant superficial lymph nodes in dogs
Authors: Nyman Helena T. , Lee Marcel H. , McEvoy Fintan J. , Nielsen Ole L. , Martinussen Torben , Kristensen Annemarie T. 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
Objective—To compare and correlate B-mode and color Doppler ultrasonographic characteristics with histopathologic findings of benign and malignant superficial lymph nodes in dogs.
Study Population—50 superficial lymph nodes that were normal, abnormally large on physical examination, or represented regional lymph nodes draining an area of suspected primary malignancy in 30 dogs.
Procedures—Before excision, lymph nodes were evaluated via B-mode and color Doppler ultrasonography to assess size, echogenicity, presence of a hilus, acoustic transmission, and vascular flow. Formalinfixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections of excised lymph nodes were stained with H&E and examined for the presence and extent of necrosis, fibrosis, fat, metastases, and tissue heterogeneity. To assess vascularity, the number and distribution of vessels stained by the Verhoeff van Gieson technique were recorded.
Results—In superficial lymph nodes, a varied echogenicity corresponded to tissue heterogeneity. The ultrasonographic detection of a hilus was associated with the presence of fibrous tissue, fat, or both in the hilar region. Acoustic enhancement corresponded to presence of areas of intranodal necrosis. There was significant correlation between both the distribution and the number of vessels detected via ultrasonography and that detected by histopathology. The amount of flow estimated via ultrasonography was typically higher than that estimated via histologic examination.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results indicated that histopathologic changes in canine lymph nodes have associated ultrasonographic changes and suggest that lymph node ultrasonography has an important role in the evaluation of lymph nodes in dogs in general and in dogs with neoplastic disease in particular.
Evaluation of the effects of the opioid agonist morphine on gastrointestinal tract function in horses
Authors: Boscan Pedro , Van Hoogmoed Linda M. , Farver Thomas B. , Snyder Jack R. 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate the effects of morphine administration for 6 days on gastrointestinal tract function in healthy adult horses.
Animals—5 horses.
Procedures—Horses were randomly allocated into 2 groups in a crossover study. Horses in the treatment group received morphine sulfate at a dosage of 0.5 mg/kg, IV, every 12 hours for 6 days. Horses in the control group received saline (0.9% NaCl) solution at a dosage of 10 mL, IV, every 12 hours for 6 days. Variables assessed included defecation frequency, weight of feces produced, intestinal transit time (evaluated by use of barium-filled spheres and radiographic detection in feces), fecal moisture content, borborygmus score, and signs of CNS excitement and colic.
Results—Administration of morphine resulted in gastrointestinal tract dysfunction for 6 hours after each injection. During those 6 hours, mean ± SD defecation frequency decreased from 3.1 ± 1 bowel movements in control horses to 0.9 ± 0.5 bowel movements in treated horses, weight of feces decreased from 4.1 ± 0.7 kg to 1.1 ± 0.7 kg, fecal moisture content decreased from 76 ± 2.7% to 73.5 ± 2.9%, and borborygmus score decreased from 13.2 ± 2.9 to 6.3 ± 3.9. Mean gastrointestinal transit time was also increased, compared with transit times in control horses.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Morphine administered at 0.5 mg/kg twice daily decreased propulsive motility and moisture content in the gastrointestinal tract lumen. These effects may predispose treated horses to development of ileus and constipation.
Underlying medical conditions in cats with presumptive psychogenic alopecia
Authors: Waisglass Stephen E. , Landsberg Gary M. , Yager Julie A. , Hall Jan A. 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
Objective—To identify underlying medical conditions in cats with a presumptive diagnosis of psychogenic alopecia.
Design—Case series.
Animals—21 adult cats referred with a presumptive diagnosis of psychogenic alopecia.
Procedures—A detailed behavior and dermatologic questionnaire was completed by the primary caregiver, and complete behavioral and dermatologic examinations were performed. A standard diagnostic testing protocol that included cytologic examination of skin scrapings, fungal culture of hairs, evaluation of responses to parasiticides and an exclusion diet, assessment for atopy and endocrinopathies, and histologic examination of skin biopsy specimens was used to establish a definitive diagnosis in all cats. Cats that did not respond to an elimination diet were treated with methylprednisolone acetate to determine whether pruritus was a factor.
Results—Medical causes of pruritus were identified in 16 (76%) cats. Only 2 (10%) cats were found to have only psychogenic alopecia, and an additional 3 (14%) cats had a combination of psychogenic alopecia and a medical cause of pruritus. An adverse food reaction was diagnosed in 12 (57%) cats and was suspected in an additional 2. All cats with histologic evidence of inflammation in skin biopsy specimens were determined to have a medical condition, but of 6 cats without histologic abnormalities, 4 had an adverse food reaction, atopy, or a combination of the 2, and only 2 had psychogenic alopecia.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that psychogenic alopecia is overdiagnosed in cats. Thorough diagnostic testing should be done before ascribing a behavioral cause to hair loss in cats.
Comparison of results of computed tomography and radiography with histopathologic findings in tracheobronchial lymph nodes in dogs with primary lung tumors: 14 cases (1999–2002)
Authors: Paoloni Melissa C. , Adams William M. , Dubielzig Richard R. , Kurzman Ilene , Vail David M. , Hardie Robert J. 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
Objective—To compare results of computed tomography (CT) and radiography with histopathologic findings in tracheobronchial lymph nodes (TBLNs) in dogs with primary lung tumors.
Design—Retrospective case series.
Animals—14 client-owned dogs.
Procedures—Criteria for inclusion were diagnosis of primary lung tumor, use of thoracic radiography and CT, and histologic confirmation of TBLN status. Medical records were reviewed for signalment; history; and physical examination, clinicopathologic, radiographic, CT, surgical, and histopathologic findings.
Results—Tracheobronchial lymphadenopathy was not identified via radiography in any dogs. Tracheobronchial lymphadenopathy was diagnosed in 5 dogs via CT. Six dogs had histologic confirmation of metastasis to TBLNs. Radiographic diagnosis yielded 6 false-negative and no false-positive results for tracheobronchial lymphadenopathy. Computed tomography yielded 1 falsenegative and no false-positive results. Sensitivity of CT for correctly assessing TBLN status was 83%, and specificity was 100%. Positive predictive value was 100%, and negative predictive value was 89%. Dogs with lymphadenopathy via CT, histologic confirmation of TBLN metastasis, or primary tumors with a histologic grade > 1 had significantly shorter survival times than their counterparts.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results of CT evaluation of TBLN status were in agreement with histopathologic findings and more accurate than use of thoracic radiography for evaluating TBLNs in dogs with primary lung tumors. Computed tomography imaging should be considered as part of the staging process to more accurately assess the TBLNs in dogs with primary lung tumors.
Evaluation of protection against virulent bovine viral diarrhea virus type 2 in calves that had maternal antibodies and were vaccinated with a modified-live vaccine
Authors: Zimmerman Alicia D. , Boots Robin E. , Valli Jennifer L. , Chase Christopher C. L. 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate the efficacy of an adjuvanted modified-live bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) vaccine against challenge with a virulent type 2 BVDV strain in calves with or without maternal antibodies against the virus.
Design—Challenge study.
Animals—23 crossbred dairy calves.
Procedures—Calves were fed colostrum containing antibodies against BVDV or colostrum without antiBVDV antibodies within 6 hours of birth and again 8 to 12 hours after the first feeding. Calves were vaccinated with a commercial modified-live virus combination vaccine or a sham vaccine at approximately 5 weeks of age and challenged with virulent type 2 BVDV 3.5 months after vaccination. Clinical signs of BVDV infection, development of viremia, and variation in WBC counts were recorded for 14 days after challenge exposure.
Results—Calves that received colostrum free of antiBVDV antibodies and were vaccinated with the sham vaccine developed severe disease (4 of the 7 calves died or were euthanatized). Calves that received colostrum free of anti-BVDV antibodies and were vaccinated and calves that received colostrum with antiBVDV antibodies and were vaccinated developed only mild or no clinical signs of disease.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results indicated that the modified-live virus vaccine induced a strong protective immune response in young calves, even when plasma concentrations of maternal antibody were high. In addition, all vaccinated calves were protected against viral shedding, whereas control calves vaccinated with the sham vaccine shed virus for an extended period of time.
Bifunctional sulfur-silicon podands as new nucleophilic ionophores in acyl transfer reactions. Influence of monovalent cations on the reaction kinetics
Authors: ŁLęska Bogusława , Schroeder Grzegorz , Gierczyk Błażej , Rybachenko Volodimir 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
Two bifunctional sulfur-silicon nucleophilic ionophores 3-(trimethoxysilyl)-propanethiol (Nu1) and 3-(tri-2-methoxyethoxysilyl)-propanethiol (Nu2) were used as reagents in the acyl transfer reaction studied by kinetic methods. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and electro-spray ionisation mass spectrometry (ESI MS) were used for determination of the stoichiometry and stability constants of the complexes made by the podands and lithium or sodium ions in acetonitrile solution.
Determination of vanadium content in soils by slurry sampling electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry using KO300G as the stabilizing agent
Authors: Barałkiewicz Danuta , Gramowska Hanka , Ren Krzysztof , Mleczek Mirosław 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
A direct and sensitive method for the determination of vanadium concentrations in soil is developed using ultrasonic slurry sampling electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (USSSETAAS). The surfactant, KO300G, is used as the stabilizing agent. The precision and accuracy of the method are investigated. The detection limits are 0.6 and 0.7 µg 1−1 for SRM Montana Soil 2711 and SRM Soil — S, respectively. The method is applied to determine the vanadium content in 10 soil samples from the Wielkopolska region.
Synthesis of heptapeptides and analysis of sequence by tandem ion trap mass spectrometry
Authors: Jia Chenxi , Qi Wei , He Zhimin , Yang Haoming , Qiao Bin 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
Two heptapeptides have been prepared by Fmoc methodology using Wang resin as solid support. For attachment of the first amino acid, several coupling systems were evaluated, and DIC/DMAP system could give yields of >99% and low levels of racemization. The selection of scavenger combination to deprotect side chains revealed that H2O/p-cresol was good at scavenging trityl and 1,2-ethanedithiol was highly efficient for scavenging t-butyl. Through shortening the preactivation time to 5 min, the racemization which occurred during formation of amide bonds coupled by HBTU was minimized. The crude peptides were characterized by RP-HPLC and MS, and sequenced by MS/MS to acquire reliable amino acid sequence information.
Preparation of N-aryl-ketonitrone spin traps
Authors: Hassan Inas , Lauricella Robert , Tuccio Béatrice. 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
The syntheses of seven N-aryl-C,C-dialkoxycarbonylnitrones 1–7, six of which were original, were achieved from the appropriate aryl-nitroso compounds. These ketonitrones were found to trap efficiently carbon-centred free radicals in aqueous media, yielding stable aminoxyl radicals whose EPR spectra lasted several days. The two penta-deuterated compounds 6 and 7 were also found to be efficient at trapping methoxyl radical. Their various spin adducts showed simple three line signals, very sensitive to the polarity of the environment. This study represents the very first use of linear ketonitrones as spin traps.
Hg (II) extraction in a PEG-based aqueous two-phase system in the presence of halide ions. I. Liquid phase analysis
Authors: Bulgariu Laura , Bulgariu Dumitru 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
The partition behaviour of Hg (II) was studied in an aqueous polyethylene glycol (PEG) — (NH4)2SO4 two-phase system as a function of halide, halide concentration, and pH. For a system prepared by mixing equal volumes of 40 % (w/w) PEG (1550) with 40 % (w/w) (NH4)2SO4, Hg(II) remains almost exclusively in the salt-rich phase. The addition of NaX (X = Cl−, Br−, I−) enhances Hg (II) partition into the PEG-rich phase due to the formation of halide complexes. The efficiency of halide extractants increases in the order: Cl− < Br− < I−. Mercury extraction is improved at lower halide ion concentration by higher stock salt solution acidity. From the distribution coefficients determined as a function of halide ion concentration, the extracted species were identified. The Hg (II) extractability is determined by the type and stability of the Hg (II) halide species, and depends on the stock salt solution acidity. The observed behaviour is discussed and a possible extraction mechanism is proposed.
Theoretical studies on the binding affinities of β-cyclodextrin to small molecules and monosaccharides
Authors: Chen Sicong , Teng Qiwen , Wu Shi 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
Equilibrium geometries and electronic structures of complexes between β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) and some small molecules as well as monosaccharides were investigated by Austin Model 1 (AM1) to obtain binding energy of the complexes. It was indicated that β-CD could bind the structurally similar solvent molecules and monosaccharides because of the negative binding energy of the complexes, and especially could show the chiral binding ability to monosaccharides with more hydroxyl groups, due to its chiral characteristics. The complexes were stabilized by the hydrogen bonding between β-CD and guests. Based on the AM1 optimized geometries, the IR spectra were calculated by AM1 method. Vibration frequencies of O-H bonds in the guests were red-shifted owing to the weakening of the O-H bonds with the formation of the complexes.
Heteroareno-annelated estranes by triene cyclization
Authors: Watanabe Masataka , Matsumoto Taisuke , Mataka Shuntaro , Thiemann Thies 
Published: June 2006

Abstract17-Thienyl-and 17-benzo[b]thienyl-3-hydroxyestra-1,3,5(10),16-tetraenes were synthesized by either sequential or one-pot Suzuki cross-coupling and Wittig olefination reactions. At 160 °C, heteroaryl substituted steroids were observed to undergo thermal intramolecular cyclization to produce E-ring heteroareno-annelated estranes.
The influence of solvent molecules on NMR spectrum of barbituric acid in the DMSO solution
Authors: Żuchowski Grzegorz , Zborowski Krzysztof 
Published: June 2006

AbstractThis work shows the modification of barbituric acid (BA) chemical shifts by dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO) molecules. The discussed changes are caused by creation of the H-bonded associates formed by barbituric acid with DMSO in solution. Free molecule of barbituric acid, the cluster of BA with two DMSO molecules and two different clusters of BA with four DMSO units are taken into consideration. The chemical shifts of these systems have been calculated and the obtained results have been compared with experimental data. Theoretical calculations predict a significant downfield shift for imino protons of barbituric acid involved in intermolecular-N-H...DMSO hydrogen bonds. The influence of the solvent molecules on other nuclei chemical shifts, especially protons of barbituric acid methylene group, is also reported.The calculations have involved Hartree-Fock and several Density Functional Theory methods. All methods correctly describe experimental 1H and 13C NMR spectra of barbituric acid. The best consistence between experiment and theory is observed for the BLYP functional. Four approximations of magnetic properties calculations embedded in the Gaussian’98 package have been tested. The results of the performed calculations indicate that from a practical point of view the GIAO method should be preferred.
New homodi-and heterotrinuclear metal complexes of Schiff base compartmental ligand: interaction studies of copper complexes with calf thymus DNA
Authors: Mathur Suvigya , Tabassum Sartaj 
Published: June 2006

AbstractThe new homodinuclear complexes 1–4 of the type [LMII
2Cl2], heterotrinuclear complexes 5 and 6 of the type [LMII
2SnIVCl6] where M = CuII, MnII, CoII, NiII and CuII and NiII, respectively have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis and various spectroscopic techniques. The homodinuclear complexes possess two different environments (N2 and N2O2donor sets) for holding the metal ions. The metal ion in N2 set exhibits square planar geometry with two chloride ions in the inner sphere but rhombic structure is found in tetradentate N2O2 Schiff base cavity while in heterotrinuclear complexes SnIV atom is in the octahedral environment. The interaction of complexes 1 and 5 with calf thymus DNA was carried out by absorption spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. The intrinsic binding constants (K
b) of complex 1 and 5 were determined as 3.2 × 103 M−1 and 9.6 × 103 M−1, respectively suggesting that complex 5 binds more strongly to CT-DNA than complex 1. Fluorescence studies along with viscosity measurements have also been checked to authenticate the binding of metal complexes with DNA.
Chemometrics in the assessment of the sustainable development rule implementation
Authors: Astel Aleksander , Głosińska Grażyna , Sobczyński Tadeusz , Boszke Leonard , Simeonov Vasil , Siepak Jerzy 
Published: June 2006

AbstractThe sustainable development rule implementation is tested by the application of chemometrics in the field of environmental pollution. A data set consisting of Cd, Pb, Cr, Zn, Cu, Mn, Ni, and Fe content in bottom sediment samples collected in the Odra River (Germany/Poland) is treated using cluster analysis (CA), principal component analysis (PCA), and source apportionment techniques. Cluster analysis clearly shows that pollution on the German bank is higher than on the Polish bank. Two latent factors extracted by PCA explain over 88 % of the total variance of the system, allowing identification of the dominant “semi-natural” and “anthropogenic” pollution sources in the river ecosystem. The complexity of the system is proved by MLR analysis of the absolute principal component scores (APCS). The apportioning clearly shows that Cd, Pb, Cr, Zn and Cu participate in an “anthropogenic” source profile, whereas Fe and Mn are “semi-natural”. Multiple regression analysis indicates that for particular elements not described by the model, the amounts vary from 4.2 % (Mn) to 13.1 % (Cr). The element Ni participates to some extent to each source and, in this way, is neither pure “semi-natural” nor pure “anthropogenic”. Apportioning indicates that the whole heavy metal pollution in the investigated river reach is 12510.45 mg·kg−1. The contribution of pollutants originating from “anthropogenic sources” is 9.04 % and from “semi-natural” sources is 86.53 %.