bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rural‐urban disparities in the diagnosis and treatment of hypertension and diabetes among aging Indians
Authors: Rai Pooja , Sahadevan Pravin , Mensegere Abhishek L. , Issac Thomas G. , Muniz‐Terrera Graciela , Sundarakumar Jonas S. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractINTRODUCTIONHypertension and diabetes are modifiable risk factors for dementia. We aimed to assess rural‐urban disparities in the diagnosis and treatment of these conditions among aging Indians.METHODSParticipants (n = 6316) were from two parallel, prospective aging cohorts in rural and urban India. Using self‐report and clinical/biochemical assessments, we subdivided participants with diabetes and hypertension into undiagnosed and untreated groups. Logistic regression and Fairlie decomposition analysis were the statistical methods utilized.RESULTSThere was a significant rural‐urban disparity in undiagnosed hypertension (25.14%), untreated hypertension (11.75%), undiagnosed diabetes (16.94%), and untreated diabetes (11.62%). Further, sociodemographic and lifestyle factors, such as age and tobacco use were the common contributors to the disparities in both undiagnosed hypertension and undiagnosed diabetes, whereas education and body mass index (BMI) were significant contributors to the disparity in untreated hypertension.DISCUSSIONRural Indians face significant healthcare disadvantages as compared to their urban counterparts, which prompts the urgent need for strategies for equitable healthcare.
Spark plasma sintering and mechanical properties of two grades of PEKK presenting different Tere/Iso ratios
Authors: Heyer Anthony , Rossit Julie , Moitrier Florence , Gütter Georg , Montmasson Nicolas , Wary Marc , Delorme Fabian , Lemonnier Sebastien , Czarnota Christophe , Bracq Anthony 
Published: March 2024

AbstractTwo grades of PolyEtherKetoneKetone with different Tere/Iso ratios (PEKK 60/40 and PEKK 80/20) were consolidated using spark plasma sintering. Processing parameters were varied and their influence on mechanical properties was assessed. The study reveals that sintering at a temperature close to the melting temperature along with an applied pressure of 18 MPa leads to better mechanical properties, while the effect of dwell time remains limited. A high sintering pressure is shown to promote the cohesion of PEKK 60/40 samples when the temperature is closer to the glass transition temperature, while pressure does not play a significant role for PEKK 80/20. Post‐mortem fractographic analyses provide explanations of the underlying phenomena. PEKK samples sintered with optimal processing parameters display higher compressive yield strength and stiffness than PEKK samples elaborated from conventional processing routes. They however also exhibit a fragile behavior which can be attributed to the incomplete healing between the powder particles.
Regional differences in the umbilical vein and ductus venosus at different stages of normal human development
Authors: Isotani Naoko , Kanahashi Toru , Imai Hirohiko , Yoneyama Akio , Yamada Shigehito , Takakuwa Tetsuya 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDuring the fetal period, oxygenated blood from the placenta flows through the umbilical vein (UV), portal sinus, ductus venosus (DV), and inferior vena cava (IVC) to the heart. This venous route varies regionally in many aspects. Herein, we sought to characterize the venous route's morphological features and regional differences during embryonic and early‐fetal periods. Twenty‐nine specimens were selected for high‐resolution digitized imaging; 18 embryos were chosen for histological analysis. The venous route showed a primitive, large, S‐shaped curved morphology with regional narrowing and dilation at Carnegie stage (CS) 15. Regional differences in vessel‐wall differentiation became apparent from approximately CS20. The vessel wall was poorly developed in most DV parts; local vessel‐wall thickness at the inlet was first detected at CS20. The lumen of the venous route changed from a nonuniform shape to a relatively round and uniform morphology after CS21. During the early‐fetal period, two large bends were observed around the passage of the umbilical ring and at the inlet of the liver. The length ratio of the extrahepatic UV to the total venous route increased. The sectional area gradually increased during embryonic development, whereas differences in sectional area between the DV, UV, and IVC became more pronounced in the early‐fetal period. Furthermore, differences in the sectional area between the narrowest part of the DV and other hepatic veins and the transverse sinus became more pronounced. In summary, the present study described morphological, morphometric, and histological changes in the venous route throughout embryonic and early‐fetal development, clarifying regional characteristics.
Carbazole Based Smaragdyrins: Synthesis, Aromaticity Switching, and Formation of a Spiro‐Dimer
Authors: Chen Jinchao , Nie Haigen , Rao Yutao , Xu Ling , Zhou Mingbo , Yin Bangshao , Song Jianxin , Osuka Atsuhiro 
Published: March 2024

AbstractCarbazole‐incorporated smaragdyrin BF2‐complex 3 was synthesized by SNAr reaction of 3,5‐dibromo‐8‐mesityl‐BODIPY 1 with 3,6‐di(tert‐butyl)‐1,8‐di(pyrrol‐2‐yl)carbazole 2 as a nucleophile. Demetalation of 3 with ZrCl4 gave the corresponding smaragdyrin free base 4 in a good yield. Oxidations of 3 and 4 with MnO2 gave smaragdyrins 5 and 6, respectively, both followed by aromaticity switching, since the oxidized products showed a moderate paratropic ring current owing to their 20π‐electronic circuits. Further, treatment of 4 with [RhCl(CO)2]2 in the presence of NaOAc gave RhI complex 7, and oxidation of 3 with RuCl3 in the presence of triethylamine led to the formation of a spiro dimer product, 8.
The complexities of ligand/receptor interactions: Exploring the role of molecular vibrations and quantum tunnelling
Authors: Pagán Oné R. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMolecular vibrations and quantum tunneling may link ligand binding to the function of pharmacological receptors. The well‐established lock‐and‐key model explains a ligand's binding and recognition by a receptor; however, a general mechanism by which receptors translate binding into activation, inactivation, or modulation remains elusive. The Vibration Theory of Olfaction was proposed in the 1930s to explain this subset of receptor‐mediated phenomena by correlating odorant molecular vibrations to smell, but a mechanism was lacking. In the 1990s, inelastic electron tunneling was proposed as a plausible mechanism for translating molecular vibration to odorant physiology. More recently, studies of ligands’ vibrational spectra and the use of deuterated ligand analogs have provided helpful information to study this admittedly controversial hypothesis in metabotropic receptors other than olfactory receptors. In the present work, based in part on published experiments from our laboratory using planarians as an experimental organism, I will present a rationale and possible experimental approach for extending this idea to ligand‐gated ion channels.
U1 snRNP Biogenesis Defects in Neurodegenerative Diseases
Authors: Campagne Sebastien 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe U1 small ribonucleoprotein (U1 snRNP) plays a pivotal role in the intricate process of gene expression, specifically within nuclear RNA processing. By initiating the splicing reaction and modulating 3’‐end processing, U1 snRNP exerts precise control over RNA metabolism and gene expression. This ribonucleoparticle is abundantly present, and its complex biogenesis necessitates shuttling between the nuclear and cytoplasmic compartments. Over the past three decades, extensive research has illuminated the crucial connection between disrupted U snRNP biogenesis and several prominent human diseases, notably various neurodegenerative conditions. The perturbation of U1 snRNP homeostasis has been firmly established in diseases such as Spinal Muscular Atrophy, Pontocerebellar hypoplasia, and FUS‐mediated Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Intriguingly, compelling evidence suggests a potential correlation in Fronto‐temporal dementia and Alzheimer's disease as well. Although the U snRNP biogenesis pathway is conserved across all eukaryotic cells, neurons, in particular, appear to be highly susceptible to alterations in spliceosome homeostasis. In contrast, other cell types exhibit a greater resilience to such disturbances. This vulnerability underscores the intricate relationship between U1 snRNP dynamics and the health of neuronal cells, shedding light on potential avenues for understanding and addressing neurodegenerative disorders.
Bacterial Hydrazine Biosynthetic Pathways Featuring Cupin/Methionyl tRNA Synthetase‐like Enzymes
Authors: Matsuda Kenichi , Wakimoto Toshiyuki 
Published: March 2024

AbstractNitrogen‐Nitrogen (N−N) bond‐containing functional groups in natural products and synthetic drugs play significant roles in exerting biological activities. The mechanisms of N−N bond formation in natural organic molecules have garnered increasing attention over the decades. Recent advances have illuminated various enzymatic and nonenzymatic strategies, and our understanding of natural N−N bond construction is rapidly expanding. A group of didomain proteins with zinc‐binding cupin/methionyl‐tRNA synthetase (MetRS)‐like domains, also known as hydrazine synthetases, generates amino acid‐based hydrazines, which serve as key biosynthetic precursors of diverse N−N bond‐containing functionalities such as hydrazone, diazo, triazene, pyrazole, and pyridazinone groups. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on hydrazine synthetase mechanisms and the various pathways employing this unique bond‐forming machinery.
Synthesis and Crystallization Mechanism for SAPO‐34 Zeolite Derived from Magadiite
Authors: Liu Bo , Gao Yu , Xu Hanlu , Feng Yuhang , Zhou Zihan , Gao Yuan , Jiang Rongli 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn this work, we explored the hydrothermal synthesize and crystallization process of SAPO‐34 zeolites from two‐dimensional layered silicate magadiite by using tetraethylammonium hydroxide (TEAOH) as a templating agent. Comprehensive characterization was conducted by XRD, SEM, FTIR, Raman, and BET. Time‐resolved PXRD analysis revealed that SAPO‐34 zeolite exhibited a steep growth curve when the crystallization time was 30 h, and the crystallinity reached 98.65 % at 48 h. Specifically, the disruption of the magadiite layer exposed charged silanol groups on the surface, fostering an affinity for AlO4 and PO4 species, thereby initiating the nucleation process. Under the guidance of TEAOH, these nucleation sites transformed into SAPO‐34 nuclei, gradually advancing towards crystallization. FTIR and Raman analyses affirmed the presence of 6Rs, followed by D6R and 4Rs SBUs, along with the characteristic CHA structure. Combined with 29Si NMR established that disaggregated silicate minerals served as zeolite synthesis “seeds”, enhancing nucleation sites and overall crystallization efficiency.
Channel estimation for reconfigurable intelligent surface‐assisted mmWave using multidimensional Runge Kutta orthogonal matching pursuit algorithm in MIMO systems
Authors: Panda Sunita 
Published: March 2024

SummaryIn the context of Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface (RIS) assisted millimeter wave communications within the Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) system, Channel Estimation (CE) poses a significant challenge due to signal sparsity and blockages between transmitters and receivers. Consequently, communication faces difficulties without a direct line‐of‐sight path, leading to increased pilot overhead. To address these obstacles, this research introduces a channel estimation approach for RIS‐aided millimeter wave communication employing the Multidimensional Runge Kutta Orthogonal Matching Pursuit (MRKOMP) algorithm in MIMO systems. The proposed method aims to enhance network coverage and channel capacity for efficient data transmission. By utilizing the multiscale cumulative residual distribution entropy function, the method establishes an indirect path when the line‐of‐sight is obstructed. Furthermore, the multidimensional orthogonal matching pursuit methodology calculates sparsity levels and facilitates sparse recovery. Optimization of the weight parameter through the Runge Kutta optimizer effectively eliminates sparsity, resulting in improved spectral efficiency and RIS gain. Simulation results demonstrate a significant 99.9% enhancement in network capacity and spectral efficiency compared to existing methods.
Protective effect of thymoquinone nanoemulsion in reducing the cardiotoxic effect of 5‐fluorouracil in rats
Authors: Karim Bardia , Arabameri Motahare , Alimoradi Fatemeh , Mansoori Razieh , Moghadamnia Ali A. , Kazemi Sohrab , Hosseini Seyed M. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract5‐Fluorouracil (5‐FU), which is one of the most widely used chemotherapy drugs, has various side effects on the heart. Thymoquinone (TMQ), the main bioactive component ofNigella sativa, has antioxidant and protective effects against toxicity. In this study, we investigated the protective effect of thymoquinone against cardiotoxicity caused by 5‐FU in vitro and in vivo models. H9C2 cells were exposed to 5‐FU and TMQ, and cell viability was evaluated in their presence. Also, 25 male Wistar rats were divided into five control groups, 5‐FU, 2.5, and 5 mg TMQ in nanoemulsion form (NTMQ) + 5‐FU and 5 mg NTMQ. Cardiotoxicity was assessed through electrocardiography, cardiac enzymes, oxidative stress markers, and histopathology. 5‐FU induced cytotoxicity in H9c2 cells, which improved dose‐dependently with NTMQ cotreatment. 5‐FU caused body weight loss, ECG changes (increased ST segment, prolonged QRS, and QTc), increased cardiac enzymes (aspartate aminotransferase [AST], creatine kinase‐myocardial band [CK‐MB], and lactate dehydrogenase [LDH]), oxidative stress (increased malondialdehyde, myeloperoxidase, nitric acid; decreased glutathione peroxidase enzyme activity), and histological damage such as necrosis, hyperemia, and tissue hyalinization in rats. NTMQ ameliorated these 5‐FU‐induced effects. Higher NTMQ dose showed greater protective effects. Thus, the results of our study indicate that NTMQ protects against 5‐FU cardiotoxicity likely through antioxidant mechanisms. TMQ warrants further research as an adjuvant to alleviate 5‐FU chemotherapy side effects.
Decarboxylative Amination of SMAHOs by Dialkyl Azodicarboxylates
Authors: Pinaud Marine , Gall Erwan Le , Presset Marc 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe decarboxylative addition of substituted malonic acid half oxyesters (SMAHOs) to dialkyl azodicarboxylates is described. The reaction was promoted by 1,4‐diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO) as an organocatalyst in heated toluene. High yields of the coupling products were generally obtained, and the scope of the reaction proved rather important with the potential presence of functionalized side chains at the α‐position, affording an original access to α‐aminoester derivatives.
A developmental validation of the Quick TargSeq 1.0 integrated system for automated DNA genotyping in forensic science for reference samples
Authors: Han Junping , Zhuang Bin , Zou Lixin , Wang Daoyu , Jiang Li , Wei Yi‐Liang , Zhao Lijian , Zhao Lei , Li Caixia 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAnalysis of short tandem repeats (STRs) is a global standard method for human identification. Insertion/Deletion polymorphisms (DIPs) can be used for biogeographical ancestry inference. Current DNA typing involves a trained forensic worker operating several specialized instruments in a controlled laboratory environment, which takes 6–8 h. We developed the Quick TargSeq 1.0 integrated system (hereinafter abbreviated to Quick TargSeq) for automated generation of STR and DIP profiles from buccal swab samples and blood stains. The system fully integrates the processes of DNA extraction, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification, and electrophoresis separation using microfluidic biochip technology. Internal validation studies were performed using RTyper 21 or DIP 38 chip cartridges with single‐source reference samples according to the Scientific Working Group for DNA Analysis Methods guidelines. These results indicated that the Quick TargSeq system can process reference samples and generate STR or DIP profiles in approximately 2 h, and the profiles were concordant with those determined using traditional STR or DIP analysis methods. Thus, reproducible and concordant DNA profiles were obtained from reference samples. Throughout the study, no lane‐to‐lane or run‐to‐run contamination was observed. The Quick TargSeq system produced full profiles from buccal swabs with at least eight swipes, dried blood spot cards with two 2‐mm disks, or 10 ng of purified DNA. Potential PCR inhibitors (i.e., coffee, smoking tobacco, and chewing tobacco) did not appear to affect the amplification reactions of the instrument. The overall success rate and concordance rate of 153 samples were 94.12% and 93.44%, respectively, which is comparable to other commercially available rapid DNA instruments. A blind test initiated by a DNA expert group showed that the system can correctly produce DNA profiles with 97.29% genotype concordance with standard bench‐processing methods, and the profiles can be uploaded into the national DNA database. These results demonstrated that the Quick TargSeq system can rapidly generate reliable DNA profiles in an automated manner and has the potential for use in the field and forensic laboratories.
A deep learning approach based on Richardson and Gauss–Seidel for massive MIMO detection
Authors: Yu Yongzhi , Ying Jie , Zhang Shiqi , Wang Jianming , Guo Limin , Shang Jiadong , Wang Ping 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMassive multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) systems can improve the spectrum utilization and the system capacity, but this also increases the computational complexity of the signal detection. The existing iterative algorithms can greatly reduce the computational complexity; however, the detection performance is limited. In order to achieve a better balance between the computational complexity and the detection performance, this article combines the model‐driven deep learning approached with Massive MIMO signal detection to construct RGNet (RIGS‐based deep learning Network). First, RIGS is proposed as a hybrid method of RI (Richardson) and GS (Gauss–Seidel). The RIGS algorithm combines these methods to achieve faster convergence. However, the performance of RIGS joint algorithm is limited to the spatially correlated channel scenarios. To improve robustness, we further extend RIGS, by adding learnable parameters in each iteration and introducing staircase activation functions to significantly improve detection performance. Simulation results show that the proposed RGNet has low computational complexity and a simple and fast training process. It can also achieve excellent detection performance in Rayleigh fading channel and spatially correlated channel.
Dried algae as potential functional ingredient in fresh cheese
Authors: Borges Daniela M. , Ribeiro Susana C. , Silva Sofia P. M. , Silva Célia C. G. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAlgae have attracted the attention of researchers and consumers due to their health‐promoting bioactive compounds. In addition, the high content of polysaccharides may confer important technological properties when included in foods with high moisture content, such as fresh cheese. In this study, two dried algae species—Fucus spiralis and Petalonia binghamiae, were added to fresh cheese to improve its functional properties. Syneresis was evaluated by water holding capacity (WHC) and measurement of weight loss of the cheeses during storage at 4°C. Cheeses were also analysed for antioxidant activity, composition, and organoleptic properties. The addition of dried seaweed significantly reduced the weight loss of fresh cheese during storage (p < 0.05), which is normally associated with a loss of sensory properties. A significant increase (p < 0.05) in antioxidant activity was also observed in the cheeses with the addition of both algae. Except for the cheese with the addition of F. spiralis (1 g/100 g), the chemical composition did not change (p > 0.05) when the algae were added to the cheeses. Cheese with the addition of dried F. spiralis showed the best results in the sensory tests, consumer preference, and purchase intention.
Association of caffeine consumption with all‐cause and cause‐specific mortality in adult Americans with hypertension
Authors: Wang Kun , Li Ziao , He Jinshen 
Published: March 2024

AbstractCoffee is an important beverage that is widely consumed, of which caffeine is the main active ingredient. However, the long‐term relationship between caffeine consumption and mortality in hypertensive patients has rarely been studied. This study analyzed a cohort of 12,093 US adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 1999 to 2018. Caffeine consumption was divided into five groups: no intake, >0 to ≤100, >100 to ≤300, >300 to ≤400 and >400 mg/day. Using multivariable‐adjusted Cox proportional hazards models, this study performed a 20‐year follow‐up analysis (1999–2018). In the fully adjusted model, all caffeine consumers had lower all‐cause mortality compared with no intake, especially in the >300 to ≤400 mg/day group (hazard ratio (HR) 0.71, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.60–0.84). The result of restricted cubic spline also showed a nonlinear association between caffeine consumption and all‐cause mortality. For cardiovascular disease, mortality decreased only at >400 mg/day (HR 0.63, 95% CI 0.47–0.85). For cancer, diabetes, and kidney disease, only >300 to ≤400 mg/day was significantly associated with decreased mortality: (HR 0.60, 95% CI 0.42–0.67), (HR 0.22, 95% CI 0.07–0.75), and (HR 0.32, 95% CI 0.10–0.96), respectively. Lower all‐cause mortality was observed in non‐Hispanic White, African American, population aged 40 or above, and people with a body mass index <25 kg/m2. Our findings indicate a nonlinear association between average caffeine consumption and all‐cause mortality, suggesting that hypertensive patients may benefit from moderate caffeine intake.