bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bone marrow transplantation for high risk neuroblastoma at the children's hospital of philadelphia: An update
Authors: Evans Audrey E. , August Charles S. , Kamani Naynesh , Bunin Nancy , Goldwein Joel , Ross Arthur J. , D'Angio Giulio J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA bone marrow transplant (BMT) protocol including surgical excision, local and total body irradiation, and high dose multiagent chemotherapy based on melphalan and bone marrow rescue has been in effect for children with high risk or relapsed neuroblastoma at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia since 1979. The initial results were reported in 1984 [August et al.: J Clin Oncol 2:609–616, 1984]. This report updates the initial results and those that followed changes in the original conditioning regimen. Forty‐two patients were treated between May 1979 and November 1987, and included 27 whose disease had relapsed and 15 who received BMT as part of primary treatment. Allogeneic marrow was given to 12 and autologous marrow to 30; in 7 of these 30, the marrow was purged with monoclonal antibodies and magnetic beads. The 4‐year actuarial survival rate is 29%. Ten patients died of early treatment‐related complications, 18 died of progressive disease, and 2 died of late complications (1 AIDS and 1 acute myelogenous leukemia). Censoring the two late complications the actuarial 4‐year relapse‐free survival rate becomes 32%. The longest interval after BMT to relapse was 20 months. There was no significant difference in the survival for patients transplanted following relapse or in first remission. The better survival for patients rescued with autologous marrow (30%) is not statistically significantly different from the result with allogeneic marrow (17%). © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pediatric renal cell carcinoma: A complete response to recombinant interleukin‐2 in a child with metastatic disease at diagnosis
Authors: Macarthur Craig A. , Isaacs Hart , Miller John H. , Ozkaynak Fevzi 
Published: February 2007

AbstractRenal cell carcinoma is a rare pediatric malignancy that appears to have a similar clinical outcome in children and adults. We review the experience of Childrens Hospital Los Angeles and compare it with the published pediatric series, reporting on seven cases from 1954 to the present. As in earlier pediatric series, we find that Stage I/II patients do well (five of five complete responses with prolonged disease‐free survival) with surgical resection. As in other pediatric series, our only Stage III patient died of disease.We also report on a recent case of renal cell carcinoma, metastatic to lymph nodes and lung parenchyma at diagnosis (Stage IV). This patient was treated with high dose continuous infusion recombinant interleukin‐2 and had a partial response. The patient attained a complete response following a second laparotomy and two subsequent cycles of recombinant interleukin‐2. He is presently well, without evidence of disease, 3 1/2 years after diagnosis. The significance of this form of therapy to advanced renal cell carcinoma in childhood is discussed. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Primary central nervous system Burkitt's lymphoma presenting as Guillain‐Barré syndrome
Authors: Toren A. , Mandel M. , Shahar E. , Rimmoni E. , Roizin H. , Neuman Y. , Brok‐Simoni F. , Mark Z. , Biniaminov M. , Rosenthal E. , Segal M. , Frand M. , Ben‐Bassat I. , Rechavi G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA rare case of CNS Burkitt's lymphoma presenting as acute Guillain‐Barré syndrome is presented. A 6‐year‐old previously healthy female presented with acute onset of limb and truncal weakness, involvement of ocular and bulbar nerves, and areflexia. The clinical diagnosis of Guillain‐Barré syndrome prompted treatment with intravenous gammaglobulin with no response. A lumbar puncture following revealed marked pleocytosis, elevated protein, and decreased glucose. Immunological, cytological, and molecular studies of these cells confirmed the diagnosis of Burkitt's lymphoma IgM, kappa with t(8;14) and rearrangement of the J and kappa immunoglobulin chains. Aggressive systemic and intrathecal chemotherapy were started and within 5 days remission was achieved. The child is in complete remission 2 years from diagnosis. Although very rare, CNS lymphoma should be taken into account in every patient presenting with the clinical features of acute polyneuropathy. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
High‐dose chemotherapy with marrow reinfusion and hyperfractionated irradiation for children with high‐risk brain tumors
Authors: Kedar Amos , Maria Bernard L. , Graham‐Pole John , Ringdahl Deborah M. , Quisling Ronald G. , Mickle J. Parker , Mendenhall Nancy P. , Marcus Robert B. , Gross Samuel 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBetween November 1990 and March 1993, nine pediatric patients with newly diagnosed brain tumors having a high risk of failure with standard treatment received high‐dose thiotepa/cyclophosphamide chemotherapy followed by autologous bone marrow infusion and involved‐field hyperfractionated radiation therapy. The presenting diagnoses were brainstem glioma (BSG) [6], parietal mixed high‐grade oligodendro‐glioma‐astrocytoma [1], thalamic anaplastic astrocytoma [1], and high‐grade parietal glioma [1]. Following chemotherapy there were two partial responses, one minor response, three with stable disease, and one with progressive disease. Responses were not evaluated in two patients who had toxic deaths. Following radiation two patients, one with brainstem glioma and one with anaplastic mixed glioma, achieved complete remission. The overall survival is no better than conventional therapy. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cisplatin protein binding in pregnancy and the neonatal period
Authors: Zemlickis Donna , Klein Julia , Moselhy Galina , Koren Gideon 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe most effective combination regimes for ovarian cancer contain cisplatin, but there is little knowledge about cisplatin use during pregnancy. The high protein binding of cisplatin means that small changes in protein binding result in large changes in the fraction of free drug. It is the free form of cisplatin that crosses the placenta and may contribute to fetal toxicity.The purpose of the present study was to compare protein binding of cisplatin in pregnant women, non‐pregnant women, and newborn infants. We found that babies and pregnant women had significantly lower concentrations of both protein and albumin compared to non‐pregnant women. Analysis of variance found overall significant differences in protein binding among the three groups over time (P < .05). Babies had statistically less cisplatin protein binding than non‐pregnant women at 80 minutes and all time points thereafter (P < .05). In contrast, pregnant women had statistically less cisplatin protein binding than non‐pregnant women at 3.3 and 8 hours (P < .05). Of interest, at 75.2 hours, the percentage of free cisplatin was 15% in babies as compared with 9% in non‐pregnant women and 10% in pregnant women. This means that the fetus is exposed to 50% higher platinum levels at equal total concentration. Cisplatin protein binding significantly correlated with albumin concentrations at 3.3, 8, and 24 hours (P < .01).Our analysis reveals that pregnancy and fetal changes in cisplatin protein binding are caused in large part by lower albumin levels. The resulting higher levels of free drug in the mother and fetus may increase the risk of toxicity in both. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
U.S. childhood cancer survival, 1973–1987
Authors: Novakovic Biljana 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe surveillance, epidemiology, and end‐results (SEER) data on 5‐year relative survival rates (1973‐1987) for the most common pediatric tumors (ages 0–14) were analyzed. The SEER data are population based, so the observed progress in survival from childhood cancer represents the real impact that development in cancer treatment had on the population followed by the registry.The greatest increase in survival rate from 1973 until 1987 has been achieved in hematopoietic tumors such as acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), in which survival increased from 47.6% (1973–1977) to 60.8% (1983–1987), and Burkitt's lymphoma in which survival increased from 27.6% (1973–1977) to 68.7% (1983–1987). Solid tumors showed a less steep, but steady increase in survival rates.Flattening in the survival rates since 1978–1982 has been observed for acute leukemia, astrocytoma, medulloblastoma, and osteosarcoma. Females have better survival rates for most pediatric tumors, except Hodgkin's disease. Analysis of race of childhood leukemia confirmed that black children have worse survival than white.When solid tumors were analyzed by stage at presentation, there was no indication that diagnosis in earlier stages of disease accounted for the improved survival.Observed flattening in the survival rates since 1978–1982 of leukemia and some solid tumors warrants further follow‐up. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Methotrexate osteopathy in infants with tumors of the central nervous system
Authors: Meister Bernhard , Gaßner Ingmar , Streif Werner , Dengg Kathrin , Fink Franz‐Martin 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMethotrexate osteopathy, previously reported as a complication of maintenance‐therapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia, is characterized by osteopenia, particularly involving the lower extremities, thick, dense provisional zones of calcification, growth arrest lines, and corner fractures resembling scurvy. In attempts to postpone radiotherapy in infants under three years of age, the multicentric German therapy protocol for childhood central nervous system tumors (HIT‐89 protocol) has employed high cumulative methotrexate doses. Here we describe osteopathy in three patients as a toxic side effect after administration of cumulative methotrexate doses of 20 g/m2, 80 g/m2 and 135 g/m2. The high prevalence of this adverse effect in infants with tumors of the central nervous system may be attributed to the long‐term therapy with high cumulative methotrexate‐doses. Both factors may favor intracellular accumulation of methotrexate and formation of methotrexate‐polyglutamates and may be responsible for bone toxicity. Apparently the susceptibility of the rapidly growing skeletal structures of infants under three years of age to this toxic side effect of methotrexate is remarkably high. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A giant congenital orbital tumor: An unusual presentation of retinoblastoma
Authors: Zwaan C. M. , de Waal F. C. , Koole F. D. , Menko F. H. , van der Valk P. , Slater R. M. , Scheffer H. , van Waveren G. , Moll A. C. , Meeteren A. Y. N. Schouten‐van , Tan K. E. W. P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe report a case of an unusual giant congenital tumor presenting in a newborn infant as a large exophytic mass emerging from the left orbit. After enucleation orbital recurrence developed within 14 days. No anti‐tumor treatment was given and the child died at the age of 4 weeks.The histopathological and cytogenetical analysis of the tumor is presented. The tumor was diagnosed as a retinoblastoma but we could not exclude the possibility of a neuroblastoma. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Primary bronchogenic squamous cell carcinoma in children: Report of a case and review of the literature
Authors: Keita Olivia , Lagrange Jean‐Léon , Michiels Jean‐Franéois , Soler Christine , Garcia Jean , Valla Jean‐Stéphane , Thyss Antoine 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe authors report a case of primary bronchogenic squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) revealed by recurrent pneumonia in an 11‐year‐old boy. Four years after complete surgical resection followed by external radiotherapy, the patient is currently relapse‐ and metastasis‐free. To our knowledge, this is only the sixth pediatric case of primary bronchogenic SCC reported to date. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Severe hyperphosphatemia following acute tumor lysis syndrome
Authors: Vachvanichsanong Prayong , Maipang Matinee , Dissaneewate Pornsak , Wongchanchailert Malai , Laosombat Vichai 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe report on a 14‐year‐old boy with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (lymphomaleukemia) who had two episodes of acute tumor lysis syndrome during induction of remission with oral prednisolone alone and oral prednisolone, intravenous vincristine, and doxorubicin, respectively. Subsequently he had severe hyperphosphatemia (29.3 and 14.1 mg/dl; 9.46 and 4.55 mmol/L), hypocalcemia, hyperuricemia, hyperkalemia, and azotemia. Multiple stones and tumor cells infiltration were demonstrated in both kidneys. He responded favorably to hemodialysis. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
In situ breast carcinoma after treatment during adolescence for thyroid cancer with radioiodine
Authors: Green Daniel M. , Edge Stephen B. , Penetrante Remedios B. , Bakshi Suraj , Shedd Donald , Zevon Michael A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe reviewed the courses of patients treated during childhood or adolescence for thyroid cancer to estimate the frequency of, and to identify possible risk factors for, the occurrence of second malignant tumors in this population.We identified all patients treated for thyroid cancer in a cohort of 1,406 pediatric cancer patients who were diagnosed prior to 20 years of age during the period January 1, 1960 through December 31, 1988 and who were treated at Roswell Park Cancer Institute.Twelve patients were treated for thyroid cancer, of whom nine were women. In situ breast carcinoma was diagnosed 25 and 26 years after diagnosis of thyroid cancer in two of four women treated with radioiodine. No new cancers were diagnosed in the five women treated with thyroidectomy only.Two of four women treated for thyroid cancer during adolescence with radioiodine, which is concentrated in the breast as well as other organs, developed in situ breast carcinoma. Review of a large cohort of adolescent female thyroid cancer patients treated with radioiodine is necessary to provide an accurate estimate of their risk of developing breast cancer. These patients must remain under medical surveillance throughout their lifetimes to facilitate prompt diagnosis of and early intervention for new conditions, such as the occurrence of breast cancer. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Recommendations of the brain tumor subcommittee for the reporting of trials
Authors: Gnekow A. K. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSince its constitution during the 22nd annual meeting of the International Society of Pediatric Oncology in Rome in 1990, the Brain Tumor Subcommittee has worked to arrive at a consensus for reporting criteria that should be adopted when brain tumor trials are presented. This consensus is presented here concerning minimum requirements for diagnostic procedures and a systematic approach to define the extent of surgically achieved resection by a radiodiagnostic classification aided by the surgical report as well as response and remission criteria. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Screening for wilms' tumour in patients with aniridia, Beckwith syndrome, or hemihypertrophy
Authors: Craft Alan W. , Parker Louise , Stiller Charles , Msc Michael Cole 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe role of screening for early detection of Wilms' tumour (WT) in patients with aniridia (A), Beckwith‐Weidemann syndrome (BWS) and hemihypertrophy (HH) has been explored. Of the 1,622 Wilms' tumour patients registered with the National Childhood Cancer Registry from 1971 to 1991, 41 were recorded as having A, BWS or HH. Twenty‐eight of these had their anomaly diagnosed before the WT and 13 had screening procedures carried out, mainly abdominal ultrasound. In 8 patients the screening procedure detected the WT. There was no significant difference in stage distribution or outcome for any of the three subgroups who were not screened, screen‐positive or screen‐negative. We conclude that regular screening with abdominal ultrasound is not of proven value. Parents should be taught abdominal palpation and advised to seek appropriate advice for untoward symptoms. © 1995 Wi1ey‐Liss Inc.
Vincristine disposition in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: De Graaf Siebold S. N. , Bloemhof Henk , Vendrig Desiree E. M. M. , Uges Donald R. A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractVincristine (VCR) has been widely used to treat childhood malignancies for over thirty years, but its plasma disposition has not yet been well‐defined. Therefore, we conducted a pharmacokinetic study of VCR in 17 children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) receiving the first dose of VCR. A new high‐performance liquid chromatographic assay was used for the measurement of VCR in plasma. A two‐compartment pharmacokinetic model was fit to the data by nonlinear least‐squares regression. Estimated pharmacokinetic parameters were highly variable; mean (S.D.) volume of distribution at steady‐state was 360 (176) L.m−2; total body clearance was 431 (238) ml. min−1.m−2, and elimination half‐life was 823 (390) min. These results were compared to data from eight adults with lung cancer. Mean volume of distribution in adults and children were similar, but VCR clearance was significantly larger in children (P = 0.01), resulting in a significantly longer elimination half‐life in the adults (P < 0.01).We conclude that administration of a standard dosage of VCR to children with ALL results in a highly variable systemic drug exposure, which may have implications for the oncolytic effect and/or toxicity in individual patients. Comparison of data from children and adults suggests that VCR elimination rate is a function of age; this could account for more severe neurotoxicity in older patients. However, it cannot be excluded that differences between the children and adults may be due to other variables than age. Future studies should focus on the possible influence of multidrug resistance modulating agents on VCR pharmacokinetics and on pharmacokinetic‐pharmacodynamic relationships in individual patients. © 1995 Wi1ey‐Liss Inc.
Dose escalation trial of cyclophosphamide with sargramostim in the treatment of central nervous system (CNS) neoplasms
Authors: Lachance Daniel H. , Oette Dagmar , Schold S. Clifford , Brown Mark , Kurtzberg Joanne , Graham Michael L. , Tien Robert , Felsberg Gary , Colvin O. Michael , Moghrabi Albert , Browning Iley , Hockenberger Beverly , Stewart Elizabeth , Ferrell Lee , Kerby Tracy , Duncan‐Brown Margaret , Golembe Barry , Fuchs Herb , Fredericks Ruth , Hayes Frances Ann , Rubin Abbe Sue , Bigner Darell D. , Friedman Henry S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe conducted a dose escalation trial of cyclophosphamide plus Sargramostim in the therapy of patients with newly diagnosed or recurrent central nervous system tumors. Cyclophosphamide was administered at doses ranging between 1.0 and 2.5 g/m2 daily for two doses. Sargramostim was administered at a fixed dose of 250 μg/m2 subcutaneously twice a day beginning 24 hours after the second cyclophosphamide dose and continuing through the leukocyte nadir until the absolute neutrophil count (ANC) was >1,000 cells/μl for two consecutive days. The MTD for patients who had not received any prior chemotherapy and who had received either no radiotherapy or radiotherapy confined to the cranium was 2.0 g/m2 daily for two doses. The MTD for patients previously treated with chemotherapy or neuraxis radiotherapy was also 2.0 g/m2 daily for two doses. Responses were seen in patients with medulloblastoma (8/9), glioblastoma multiforme (2/13), germinoma (1/1), and pineoblastoma (1/2). © 1995 Wi1ey‐Liss Inc.
Bone Marrow Metastasis of Neuroblastoma Analyzed by MRI and Its Influence on Prognosis
Authors: Tanabe Masahiro , Ohnuma Naomi , Iwai Jun , Yoshida Hideo , Takahashi Hideyo , Maie Masahiko , Etoh Takao , Kawamura Kenji 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBone marrow metastases (BM mets) of neuroblastoma were analyzed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). BM mets were demonstrated in 45 femurs of 23 patients with neuroblastoma by MRI. They were classified into two patterns, nodular (N) type and diffuse (D) type, on MRI, with an incidence of 16% (7/45) and 84% (38/45), respectively. No bone metastases (B mets) were accompanied by N type BM mets, whereas all of them were accompanied by D type BM mets.The rate of disappearance of N type BM mets after chemotherapy was 100% (7/7) and was significantly higher than that (26%, 10/38) of D type BM mets. The rate of disappearance (58%, 11/19) of BM mets in bones without associated B mets was also significantly higher than that (23%, 6/26) of BM mets in bones with associated B mets. BM mets present in bones with B mets tended to persist after chemotherapy. The survival rate of patients with residual BM mets after chemotherapy was significantly lower than that of patients without residual BM mets. This suggests that powerful systematic chemotherapy and additional targeted therapy to lesions remaining after chemotherapy are needed to improve the cure rate of patients with advanced neuroblastoma. © 1995 Wi1ey‐Liss, Inc.
Developmental Defects of Teeth in Survivors of Childhood ALL Are Related to the Therapy and Age at Diagnosis
Authors: Pajari Ulla , Lanning Marjatta 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe relation of the therapy used and age at diagnosis to developmental defects of dental enamel and root was analyzed in 45 survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and compared to that of age‐and sex‐matched healthy controls. Chemotherapy alone increased the number of enamel defects, but it did not affect the roots. The scattered irradiation of 0.72–1.44 Gy to the dental arches during central nervous system (CNS) irradiation caused an increased number of developmental defects both in enamel and root. Age at diagnosis is an important factor and it showed that the irradiation of 10 Gy did not cause enamel defects if amelogenesis was complete. In conclusion, the therapy is related to developmental defects of the teeth but the most important factor is age, both at diagnosis and during the therapy. © 1995 Wi1ey‐Liss, Inc.
Use of Irradiation for Therapy of Retinoblastoma in Children More Than 1 Year Old: The St. Jude Children's Research Hospital Experience and Review of Literature
Authors: Fontanesi James , Pratt Charles B. , Hustu H. Omar , Coffey Douglas , Kun Larry E. , Meyer David 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFifteen children (>1 year old at diagnosis) were treated for retinoblastoma (RB) with primary irradiation at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital between January 1963 and January 1992. Staging of the 19 treated eyes was as follows: Reese‐Ellsworth (R‐E) Groups I and II, n = 7; Group III, n = 3; Group IV, n = 1; Group V, n = 7; information on one globe is incomplete. Total dosage ranged from 25 to 45 Gy (median = 40 Gy) in fractions of 170–225 cGy delivered 5x/week (n = 13) or 225–265 cGy delivered 4x/week (n = 4 eyes) or x5/week (n = 2 eyes). Treatment techniques included anterior field (n = 11) or lens‐sparing technique (n = 8). One patient has died of progressive central nervous system (CNS) disease at 13 months; one patient succumbed to second malignant neoplasm within the irradiated field at 194 months; the remaining 13 patients remain alive from 27 to 301 months (median = 178 months). Local control with irradiation alone has been maintained in 12 eyes. Four eyes with local recurrence were salvaged using cryotherapy or reirradiation. Enucleation was required for three eyes for progressive disease at 4, 7, and 7 months postirradiation. Cataract formation was documented in nine eyes treated with anterior fields and in one patient treated with lens‐sparing technique. At last follow‐up, 7 patients had visual acuity of 20/100 or better. Radiation dose of 40 Gy appears to be adequate for local control of early stage RB (R‐E Groups I‐III and VB whose tumors are R‐E Groups I‐III) in patients >1 year old. The results of this limited series which has lengthy follow‐up is compared with the results of previously published data in an effort to define the benefits and disadvantages of the different treatment techniques which have been reported in the treatment of RB in children >1 year old. © 1995 Wi1ey‐Liss, Inc.