bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CT-γ-Net: A Hybrid Model Based on Convolutional Encoder–Decoder and Transformer Encoder for Brain Tumor Localization
Authors: Bedi Punam , Ningshen Ningyao , Rani Surbhi , Gole Pushkar , Bhasin Veenu 
Published: April 2024

Brain tumor is a life-threatening disease, and its early diagnosis can save human life. Computer-aided brain tumor segmentation and localization in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images have emerged as pivotal approaches for expediting the disease diagnosis process. In the past few decades, various researchers combined the strengths of convolutional networks and transformer to perform brain tumor segmentation. However, these models require a large number of trainable weights parameters, and there is still scope for performance improvement in them. To bridge these research gaps, this paper proposes a novel hybrid model named “CT-γ-Net” for effective and efficient brain tumor localization. The proposed CT-γ-Net model follows an encoder-decoder structure in which the convolutional encoder (CE) and transformer encoder (TE) are used for encoding, whereas the convolutional decoder (CD) is utilized for decoding the combined output of CE and TE to generate the segmentation masks. In CE and CD components of the CT-γ-Net model, conventional convolutional layers are replaced by depth-wise separable convolutional layers, as these layers significantly reduce trainable weights parameters. The proposed model achieves 95.5% MeanIoU, 94.82% Dice score, and 99.24% pixel accuracy on a publicly available dataset named the Cancer Imaging Archive. These experimental results demonstrate that the CT-γ-Net model outperformed other state-of-the-art research works, despite using roughly 28% fewer trainable weights parameters. Hence, the proposed model’s lightweight nature and its high performance make it a suitable candidate for deployment on mobile devices, facilitating the precise localization of brain tumor regions in MRI images.

Received: 23 January 2024 | Revised: 18 March 2024 | Accepted: 29 March 2024

Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest to this work.

Data Availability Statement
The data that support the findings of this study are openly available in Kaggle at https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/mateuszbuda/lgg-mri-segmentation.

Author Contribution Statement
Punam Bedi: Conceptualization, Validation, Writing - review & editing, Supervision, Project administration. Ningyao Ningshen: Conceptualization, Methodology, Software, Formal analysis, Writing - original draft, Visualization. Surbhi Rani: Conceptualization, Methodology, Software, Formal analysis, Writing - original draft, Visualization. Pushkar Gole: Conceptualization, Validation, Writing - review & editing. Veenu Bhasin: Conceptualization, Validation, Writing - review & editing, Supervision.
Elastic Net – MLP – SMOTE (EMS)-Based Model for Enhancing Stroke Prediction
Authors: Merdas Hussam Mezher 
Published: April 2024

A stroke is a sudden disruption in the blood supply to the brain, affecting one or more blood vessels that nourish the brain. This results in a disturbance or deficiency in the brain’s oxygen supply, causing damage or impairment to brain cells. In some cases, determining the timing and severity of a stroke can be challenging. This study proposes an EMS (Elastic Net – MLP – SMOTE) model built on artificial intelligence, specifically utilizing two machine learning algorithms, Elastic Net and multilayer perceptron (MLP) by using Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique (SMOTE). The Elastic Net algorithm was employed for feature selection to identify crucial features, followed by prediction using the MLP algorithm. The Elastic Net algorithm was used due to its incorporation of both L2 and L1 regularization, providing good results in discerning influential features in model performance. The MLP algorithm was employed for its reliance on deep learning techniques, which yield promising results in such cases. This algorithm classified data from a comprehensive dataset containing essential features related to stroke. SMOTE is used to increase the performance of the model. Notably, no previous research study has integrated these three techniques together (Elastic Net – MLP – SMOTE). EMS achieved a prediction accuracy of 95% and MSE = 0.05. This model facilitates predicting the occurrence of stroke by relying on the patient’s historical data, mitigating the sudden onset of this serious disease.

Received: 15 January 2024 | Revised: 22 February 2024 | Accepted: 28 March 2024

Conflicts of Interest
The author declares that he has no conflicts of interest to this work.

Data Availability Statement
The data that support this work are available upon reasonable request to the corresponding author.
Chemical Composition Study of Three Varieties of Date seeds (Iraqi, Saudi and Yemeni) and their Utilization as caffeine-free coffee alternative
Authors: Al-Askari Galal Ahmed , Al-Afour Mushtaq Faisal , AL-Monsef Ismaeel Mohammed , AAl-Sanabani Abdullah Saleh , Sinnan Ali Mansour 
Published: April 2024

The study aimed to investigate the chemical composition of three widely available types of date seed in the Yemeni market (Iraqi, Saudi, and Yemeni) and their potential use as caffeine-free coffee alternative.
Quantitative estimation was conducted for moisture, ash, protein, fiber, fat, carbohydrates, and caffeine, along with a descriptive estimation for alkaloids, tannins, and resins. Date seed coffee was prepared and sensory evaluation was performed by trained panelists.
The results showed that Yemeni date seeds had the highest extraction Rate on average (30%), while Saudi date seeds had higher moisture, protein, fat, and fiber contents on average (8.997, 6.897, 11.167, and 16.333%, respectively).
Yemeni date seeds contained the highest carbohydrate content on average (58.290%). All tested date seeds were caffeine-free, while the chemical composition for Yemeni coffee were 7, 0.9, 13.9, 14.4, 12.8, 4.1, and 1.5% for moisture, ash, protein, fat, fiber, carbohydrates, and caffeine, respectively. Descriptive estimation results showed the absence of alkaloids in all date seeds and coffee samples, with the presence of both tannins and resins. For sensory evaluation indicated high values for all attributes of date seeds coffee alternative, with Saudi date seeds coffee outperforming other types, suggesting its potential use as a caffeine-free coffee alternative and its associated health benefits.
Hypertension and Migraine: A Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Ramadan Heba 
Published: April 2024

Introduction
Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is a common and serious health issue. It has no specific symptoms, and for that, it is called the silent killer. Migraine attacks may be alarming for those with hypertension.
Objective
This review aims to analyze the trending publications concerning hypertension and migraine.
Methods
This bibliometric analysis analyzed the trending publications about hypertension and migraine. The Scopus database was used, and the bibliometric analysis was applied to show the most productive authors, the journals that most contributed in this field, countries, institutions, and keywords used. Hypertension and migraine showed elevated growth in the published articles throughout the years.
Results
For the last ten years, from 2013 to 2022, there has been a dramatic increase, especially in the last few years in publications related to hypertension and migraine. The highest number of publications were in the United States, the most productive authors being Dodick, D.W. and Pezzini, A., Harvard Medical School had the most published articles; and Headache journal was on the top 10 journals that had publications on this subject.
Conclusion
Migraine is recently considered a sign of hypertension, and this bibliometric analysis focused on the remarkable interest that has appeared in the research community.
Headache as the most prevalent post-vaccination adverse event after Covid-19 vaccination
Authors: Freitas Francisco Ricardo Nascimento , Júnior Edmar José Fortes , Freitas Débora Joyce Nascimento , Caproni Samara Menali Pereira , Barros Daniela França de , Neto Raimundo Pereira da Silva 
Published: April 2024

Context: In 2020, the first vaccines were approved, according to the WHO. However, speculations have arisen regarding its efficacy and post-vaccination adverse events (AEFI). Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of headache as AEFI from the SARSCoV-2 vaccine in Piauí, Brazil.Methods: This is a quantitative, observational, cross-sectional and prevalence study. The data were provided by the Post-Vaccination Adverse Events Information System (SI-AEFV), of cases reported in the period from January to September 2021. The data were analyzed and the research was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the UFPI. Results: 2,008 cases were analyzed. Headache was reported in 752 cases (27.99%) as AEFI after vaccination against SARS-CoV-2. In most cases, the patients were from Teresina (67.62%), of mixed race/ethnicity (52.67%), female (79.00%) and the majority were not healthcare professionals (54. 27%). The most common age of patients, with the original data, was 33 years old. After correcting the data, the most common age was 28 years old. The majority of these cases were not serious (96.44%) and the majority of cases were associated with the first dose of the Covid-19-Covishield-Oxford/AstraZeneca vaccine (43.18%). Conclusion: Thus, it is concluded from the partial analysis of the results that headache is the most common adverse event after vaccination against SARS-CoV-2. The profile of patients with the most notifications was mixed-race women aged between 30 and 40 years who received the first dose of the Covid-19-Covishield-Oxford/AstraZeneca vaccine. Regarding the severity of the events, the vast majority were considered non-serious and no deaths were mentioned, demonstrating the safety of immunobiologicals.
PERSEMBAHAN IBADAH YANG SEJATI DALAM ROMA 12:1 SEBAGAI PROSES PEMBELAJARAN LIFESTYLE UMAT KRISTEN
Authors: Mendrofa Heni Perianti 
Published: April 2024

Abstract: All humans want to enjoy the pleasure and satisfaction of life. This situation is inseparable from the lifestyle of Christians, even though they do it in different ways. This study aims to examine the meaning of true worship, the meaning of true worship in Romans 12:1, and how to offer true worship in Romans 12:1 as a Christian lifestyle learning process. This study uses a literature approach with the results: (1) True worship is an encounter with God fundamentally from the heart directed to the Lord Jesus (2) The offering in Romans 12: 1: (a) the offering of your living body is the total surrender of your whole soul and soul. Enter into the life of God. (b) the offering of your holy bodies is a human act in the likeness of God, who is most holy. (3) Christians always process themselves in learning to train themselves to form a true lifestyle of worship: (a) The process of learning lifestyle as a living offering by doing a total surrender to God. (b) The process of learning lifestyle as an offering of the body (physically as a whole) which is Holy must be carried out throughout life by uniting in one action between the spirit, soul, and body to enter into God's holy life. (c) The lifestyle learning process as an offering pleasing to God must be carried out throughout life, continuously knowing, understanding, studying, and practicing Bible values in daily life.Keywords: true worship offerings; Romans 12:1; learning process; lifestyleAbstrak: Semua manusiaÂ ingin menikmati kesenangan dan kepuasanÂ hidupnya.Â Keadaan tersebut tak luput dari lifestyle umat Kristen meski mereka melakukan dengan cara yang berbeda-beda. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pengertian ibadah yang sejati,Â makna ibadah sejati dalam Roma 12: 1, dan bagaimana persembahan ibadah yang sejati dalam Roma 12:1 sebagai proses pembelajaran lifestyle umat Kristen. Studi ini menggunakan pendekatan pustaka dengan hasil:Â (1) Ibadah yang sejati adalah perjumpaan dengan Tuhan secara mendasar dari hati yang tertuju kepada Tuhan Yesus (2) Persembahan dalamÂ Roma 12: 1: (a) persembahan tubuhmu yang hidup adalah menyerahan total seluruh jiwa dan raga masuk dalam kehidupan Allah.Â (b) persembahan tubuhmu yang kudus adalah tindakan manusia serupa dengan Allah, yang Maha kudus. (3) Umat Kristen selalu memproses dirinya dalam pembelajaran melatih diri untuk membetuk lifestyle ibadah yang sejati:Â (a)Â Proses pembelajaran lifestyle Â sebagaiÂ persembahan yang hidup dengan cara melakukan penyerahan diri secara total kepada Allah. (b) Proses pembelajaran lifestyle sebagai persembahan tubuhnya (fisik secara menyeluruh) yang Kudus wajib dilakukan sepanjang hidup dengan cara mempersatukan dalam satu tindakan antara roh, jiwa, dan tubuhnya untuk masuk ke dalam kehidupan kudus Allah. (c) Proses pembelajaran lifestyle sebagai persembahan yang berkenan Tuhan wajib dilakukan sepanjang hayat secara terus-menerus mengenal, memahami, mempelajari, dan mempraktikan nilai-nilai Alkitab dalam kehidupan sehari-hari.Â Â Â
PEMAHAMAN KECERDASAN BERDASARKAN AMSAL 1:4-6 TERHADAP PRESTASI MENGAJAR GURU SEKOLAH MINGGU DI GEREJA KRISTEN PROTESTAN EKLESIA MENTAWAI
Authors: Lase Erni 
Published: April 2024

Kecerdasan adalah suatu kemampuan yang digunakan untuk belajar, menyelesaikan masalah, dan menciptakan segala sesuatu yang bermanfaat bagi manusia. Kecerdasan sebenarnya tidak hanya dapat diukur dengan skor tes standar saja, namun lebih kepada kemampuan manusia dalam menyelesaikan berbagai masalah yang timbul dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah Pertama, untuk mengetahui bagaimanakah analisisÂ kecerdasan guru sekolah minggu berdasarkanÂ Â Â Amsal 1:4-6? Kedua, untuk mengetahui bagaimana prestasi guru sekolah minggu? Metode yang digunakan yaitu literatur rivew yang merupakan motode yang sistematis dalam melakukan identifikasi, evaluasi terhadap hasil penelitian dan pemikiran. Hasil dari penelitian ini ditemukan bahwa: pertama, kecerdasan guru sekolah minggu berdasarkan Amsal 1:4-6 memiliki aspek utama yaitu berpengetahuan, bijaksana, dan berpengertian; kedua, Prestasi mengajar guru merupakan titik pencapaian seorang pendidik dalam memberikan materi kepada peserta didik yang dilakukan melalui cara mengajar, melatih, mendidik, dan membimbing. Guru yang berprestasi akan mampu menyampaikan pengetahuannya kepada siswa, mampu menciptakan kondisi yang nyaman, mampu menyelesaikan permasalahan peserta didik.
Use of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassaium by melon plants at fertiling on irrigated saline sierozem in southern Kazakhstan
Authors: Amirov B. M. , Kulymbet K. K. , Seytmenbetova A. Т. , Kurmanakyn О. S. 
Published: April 2024

The use of mineral fertilizers is an important agronomic technique in the system of intensive agriculture. In 2021-2022, field experiments were conducted in the Maktaaral district of Turkestan province to assess the response of mid-season melon to different doses and ratios of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers. To model the effect of fertilizers and soil salinity on the indicators of yield and nutrient use by melon plants, the data by years were subjected to mathematical processing separately in order to build the most adequate regression models describing the dependence of the resulting factors on the studied factors against the background of the real state of soil fertility. In the first year of research, the early melon yield was 96% dependent on the combined effect of all factors studied. At the same time, nitrogen fertilizer had a separate positive effect, but the effect of its interaction with phosphorus and salt was negative. Potassium combined with phosphorus accelerated melon's early maturity, but in interaction with salt it slowed it down. The gross yield of melon was 92 % dependent on the combined effect of the studied factors, with nitrogen separately and in combination with phosphorus and phosphorus combined with potassium showing a positive effect. The dependence of nitrogen removal per unit of melon yield on the studied factors was 99 %, phosphorus – 88 % and potassium – 78 %. In the second year of research, the early harvest of melons was 97 % dependent on the total effect of all the studied factors. Nitrogen fertilizers had a positive effect, while phosphorus and soil salinity had a negative effect. Nitrogen interaction with phosphorus and soil salinity had a negative effect. Potassium in interaction with phosphorus had a positive effect on early melon yield, but in interaction with soil salt it was negative. The gross yield of melon was 90% dependent on the combined effect of all 4 studied factors. The combination of nitrogen nutrition with potassium and soil salinity had a negative effect, while phosphorus combined with potassium had a positive effect on melon gross yield. Nutrient removal by a unit of melon yield responded adequately to changes in the studied factors (R2=0.84-0.90) in the second year of the study. Application of nitrogen fertilizer increased normative removal of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium.
Corn yield in the application of doses and forms of nitrogen fertilizers in the Shaulder irrigation massif of Turkestan region
Authors: Amirov B. M. , Kulymbet K. K. , Saparov G. A. , Seytmenbetova A. Т. , Kurmanakyn O. S. 
Published: April 2024

Nowadays, to obtain high and stable yields of agricultural crops, in addition to the creation and introduction of new high-yielding varieties, the use of various plant protection products, growth stimulants and biopreparations, the effective use of mineral fertilizers is a necessary agricultural technique. The purpose of this work was to study the influence of various doses and forms of nitrogen fertilizers on the dynamics of the accumulation of raw mass of corn plants, crop structure, yield, as well as the removal and normative consumption of nutrients on different salinization backgrounds in the Shaulder irrigation massif of Turkestan region. The obtained results showed that the best indicators were established in a slightly saline background than in an average saline one. On average, on a slightly saline background, the yield of corn grain, depending on the forms of nitrogen fertilizers at a dose of 80 kg / ha, varied in the range of 13.2-14.9 t/ha. At the same time, the yield gain from the use of various forms of fertilizers at the same doses of nitrogen amounted to 21.6-37.4 %. Against a medium-saline background, the option with the use of ammonium nitrate (variant 5) with an addition of 47.7 % nitrogen fertilizer to the phosphorus-potassium background. Regression models were obtained that accurately reflect the dependences of the grain yield and the elements of the corn crop structure on the total effect of nitrogen fertilizer (x1) and the degree of soil salinity (x2): Y = 18.429 + 0.2656x10.5 - 37.0995x2 with a high coefficient of determination - R2 = 0.954. On a slightly saline background, nitrogen removal by the corn grain harvest with the corresponding amount of by-products according to the experimental options varied from 282.9 kg/ha in the P80K80 option, to 370.1 kg/ha in the P80K80 + N120 option (ammonium sulfate), phosphorus – from 121.4 kg/ha in the P80K80 + N80 option (urea) to 160.7 kg/ha in the P80K80 + N80 option (ammonium nitrate), potassium – from 325.2 kg/ha in the P80K80 + N80 option (urea) to 413.7 kg/ha in the P80K80 + N80 option (ammonium sulfate). On a medium-saline background, nitrogen removal was in the range of 175.3–223.8 kg/ha, phosphorus - 67.4-89.6 kg/ha, potassium – 178.5-217.3 kg/ha. The utilization rate of nitrogen from fertilizers varied significantly depending on the doses and forms of nitrogen fertilizers and the degree of soil salinity.
Development of an Electronic Actuating Control Mechanism to Operate a Remotely Controlled 2-Wheel Rice Transplanter
Authors: Lohan Shiv Kumar , Narang Mahesh Kumar 
Published: April 2024

Mechanical transplanters are adopted to reduce human drudgery in manual transplanting. Different types of manual and self-propelled paddy transplanters are commercially available. The human involvement is higher for operating a 2-wheel paddy transplanter operator has to walk 10-22 km behind the machine in a day in puddled field conditions under high temperature (38-440 C) and humid conditions (70-80% RH) in summer. Besides that, the operator has to walk within the 30 cm row width, which causes chafing between the thighs of an operator. To reduce the physical and physiological workload of an operator, an integrated control lever actuating mechanism with gear motors was developed to operate a 2-wheel paddy transplanter remotely. The inductive proximity sensors (SN04-N distance detector) were used to control the crank rotation position of the gear motors, motor drives (BTS 7960), and microcontroller (STM32F4) was used to connect with the auto-driver kit to control the motor mechanism and sensors. The auto-driver kit consisted of a variety of accessories, a physical programmable circuit board, and software, that runs on a PC, used to write and upload computer code as a simplified version of C++ to the physical board. Although the initial cost of the machine with the developed system has been increased up to 28%, but at the same time the effective field capacity has been increased from 0.158 ± 0.02 ha h-1 to 0.175 ± 0.04, resulting the area covered per day and per year has also increased up to 11%. With the development of remotely controlled system, the labor requirement has been reduced from 20± 1 to 13± 1 man h ha-1, which results reduction up to 40%. Moreover, the human fatigue in terms of physical and physiological work load involved while walking behind the transplanter has been eliminated at much extent. As compared to the existing walk-behind type paddy transplanter, the net profit with the developed system rise up to 18.50 to 26.61 % per year and a boost of 34.10 to 51.63% in benefit-cost ratio. Field evaluation of a developed remote-controlled system for a two-wheel rice transplanter would be viable, reducing fatigue among machine operators/farm workers while increasing work productivity and safety.
Penerapan Pama-Dama Dalam Sistem Telekomunikasi Vsat untuk Komunikasi Rural di Kabupaten Garut
Authors: Nurfitriani Nisa , Sugiarto Bambang , Hasyim Ahmad 
Published: April 2024

Sistem komunikasi VSAT (Very Small Aperture Terminal), yaitu suatu sistem telekomunikasi satelit menggunakan antenna berdiameter kecil dan dilengkapi sistem pengontrol (Hub Station). VSAT mempunyai dua cara kerja, yaitu dengan menggunakan DAMA (Demand Assigment Multiple Access) mode dan PAMA (Pre Assigment Multiple Access). Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis penerapan PAMA- DAMA dalam jaringan VSAT yang menghubungkan semua titik lokasi untuk bisa dilakukan komunikasi terutama untuk darah rural di Kabupaten Garut,dengan cara dilakukan Remote Station dan pengontrolnya melalui Hub Station. Hasil analisis diperoleh untuk BER 10âˆ’7 dengan coding gain 2,75 dB modulasi QPSK kualitas sinyal (ð¶/ð‘)ð‘‡ð‘‚ð‘‡ ð‘£ð‘œð‘–ð‘ð‘’ hampir sama dengan (ð¶/ð‘)ð‘…ð‘’ð‘ž sehingga sistem satelit bisa beroperasi karena masih dalam batas toleransi, sistem satelit beroperasi dengan ð¸ð¼ð‘…ð‘ƒð‘†ð´ð‘‡ -9,4 dBw dan ð¸ð¼ð‘…ð‘ƒð‘†ð‘¡ð‘Žð‘ ð‘–ð‘¢ð‘› ð‘ð‘¢ð‘šð‘– 25 dBw, power ke remote stasiun kecil harus besar dan dibutuhkan 0,15538% transponder secara power dan 0,141% transponder secara bandwidth.