bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Research on interfacial toughness of laser‐induced graphene and short Kevlar fibers aramid fiber/foam aluminum sandwich structure
Authors: Wang Bao‐lai , Tian Wei‐dong , Wang Chao , Wang Qi , Gao Wen‐ji , Chen Hai‐long 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe interface performance of the aramid fiber/foam aluminum sandwich structure is poor due to the lack of fiber connections between the core and face sheets, negatively impacting overall load‐bearing capacity. This study investigates the effects of laser‐induced graphene (LIG) and short Kevlar fibers on the interfacial toughness of aramid fiber/foam aluminum sandwich panels, aiming to enhance the interfacial bonding capability of the structure. Results demonstrate that the synergistic toughening effect of LIG and short Kevlar fibers significantly improves the interlaminar toughness, with a 134.90% increase in peak load and a 161.64% increase in energy absorption during the three‐point bending tests. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis reveals the toughening mechanism: the micro‐porous structure of LIG provides effective adhesion points for the short Kevlar fibers, creating a stable fiber bridging structure that mitigates interface delamination. Furthermore, optimization of the surface density of the short Kevlar fibers for the LIG‐coated aramid fiber/aluminum foam sandwich panels shows a trend of increasing toughness followed by a decline with increasing surface density, with optimal interfacial performance achieved at a surface density of 6 g/m2. These findings suggest that the combined approach of LIG and short Kevlar fibers is an effective strategy for enhancing the interfacial toughness of aramid fiber/foam aluminum sandwich panels, with promising applications in composite materials.Highlights
LIG‐Kevlar fibers improve toughness & energy absorption in sandwich panels.
The optimal short Kevlar fiber density for interfacial performance is 6 g/m2.
LIG‐Kevlar forms a “bridging structure” to prevent delamination.
Clinical characteristics and risk factors of severe bocavirus‐positive pneumonia in children and a literature review
Authors: Liao Jing , Yang Zhongying , He Yu , Wei Jianhua , Ren Luo , Liu Enmei , Zang Na 
Published: February 2025

AbstractIncreasing evidence suggests that human bocavirus (HBoV) is associated with respiratory symptoms in the absence of other identifiable pathogens and may even precipitate severe lower respiratory tract infections. However, only a few studies of severe human bocavirus infections in pediatric patients have been reported. The aim of the current study was to collect and analyze clinical data from children diagnosed with mild pneumonia and severe pneumonia, with an emphasis on those testing positive for HBoV from June 2009 to June 2019. Among the 799 HBoV‐positive children included in the study, approximately 5.88% experienced severe pneumonia. Results revealed no significant differences between co‐detection and single detection of HBoV‐positive pneumonia in the severe and mild groups, supporting the pathogenicity of HBoV. A higher incidence of severe cases was observed in children lacking Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccination, or with congenital airway or bronchopulmonary dysplasia (P = 0.046, P = 0.017). Overall, these findings indicate that HBoV can be identified in respiratory samples from children with severe pneumonia, denoting its role as a viral pathogen in hospitalized children with this condition. Preterm birth, wheezing history of previous infection, pulmonary underlying diseases such as airway dysplasia or bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and viremia may be the risk factors for severe pneumonia with HBoV positive.
Delivery of Marker‐Free DNA to Plant Genome by the Transgenic Selection‐Associated Fragment Elimination (T‐SAFE) System
Authors: Yang Yi , Chang Huan , Pan Leiwen , Guo Dongbei , Peng Shun , Mao Ting , Zhang Yuehui , Wang Shui 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe presence of a selection marker in transgenic plants has raised public concerns regarding health safety. We have developed a CRISPR/Cas9‐based DNA delivery system termed transgenic selection‐associated fragment elimination (T‐SAFE). The T‐SAFE system comprises four cassettes: the selection marker, CRISPR/Cas9, spacer‐plus‐protospacer adjacent motif (SP), and the cargo. The first two cassettes, the selection marker and CRISPR/Cas9, are collectively referred to as SCC. The SCC is flanked by two identical SPs derived from the fruit fly Ebony gene, which efficiently facilitate the SCC cleavage and subsequently lead to self‐elimination of the selection marker upon integration of exogenous DNA into the plant genome. To inhibit the production of a functional Cas9 protein in bacteria, the IV2 intron of the potato ST‐LS1 gene has been incorporated into the Cas9 gene. Additionally, the Cas9 gene is driven by a reproductive cell‐specific or inducible promoter to avoid SCC cleavage in nonreproductive plant cells. These innovative features allow the T‐SAFE system to achieve an elimination efficiency of the selection marker ranging from 10%–30% in Arabidopsis and 5%–8% in rice, with a DNA delivery capacity of approximately 10 kb. This approach offers a safe means for genetically modifying plants.
Perceptions and Barriers to Screening Mammography and Clinical Breast Examination: A Survey Study of Underserved Populations in North Texas
Authors: Olsson Sofia Eva , Shah Sameep , Haase Erin , Butler Emma , Amado Isabella , Pagidas Kelly 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundMammography serves as the primary screening tool for detecting breast cancer, and clinical breast examination serves as an additional low‐risk technique. There are known socioeconomic disparities in screening accessibility that correlate with breast cancer mortality and tumor stage at diagnosis. Identifying patient barriers and sentiments is a vital step in increasing compliance rates amongst vulnerable populations.MethodsA link to a survey available in English and Spanish was distributed across zip codes with the lowest median household incomes in Fort Worth, Texas. Data collection took place between November 2022 and November 2023. Only female participants aged 18 or older were included in the study. Statistical analysis was performed on IBM SPSS, Python, and Pandas library softwares.ResultsHispanic, low‐income, and less educated individuals were more likely to have inadequate screening mammography and clinical breast examination status. This is due to several self‐reported barriers including cost, lack of knowledge, and lack of time. The majority of patients reported interest in receiving women's healthcare (67.3%), believed screening allowed for early breast cancer detection (72.7%), and believed screenings decreased breast cancer mortality (69.1%).ConclusionsThere are clear discrepancies in access to breast cancer screenings despite a majority of respondents acknowledging their benefit. We suggest the aforementioned demographics be targeted in interventions to improve free or low‐cost access and education surrounding breast cancer screenings. This study would benefit from further data collection and expansion to multiple cities in the United States.
Optimal Designs of the Group Runs Exponentially Weighted Moving Average X¯$\bar{X} $ and t Schemes
Authors: Chong Zhi Lin , Teoh Wei Lin , Khaw Khai Wah , Chew XinYing , Teh Sin Yin 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe analysis of an scheme often assumes that the process standard deviation is accurately assessed and remains constant. However, in practice, this is rarely true. Noting that the group runs (GR) scheme performs better than the synthetic scheme, in this research, we proposed the GR exponentially weighted moving average (GR EWMA) and t schemes and determined their true optimal parameters using the optimisation programmes. Our findings indicate that similar to the synthetic EWMA scheme, the proposed GR EWMA scheme is not resilient to errors in the estimation of the standard deviation of the process or when the standard deviation changes. Therefore, we also proposed the GR EWMA t scheme for surveilling the mean of a process. We demonstrate that this t scheme possesses the required robust characteristic. We showcase our developed schemes’ superiority over existing schemes in a detailed performance comparison. An illustrative example related to the hard‐baking process is utilised to demonstrate the applicability of the suggested schemes.
A Spatial‐Based Quantum Graph Convolutional Neural Network and Its Full‐Quantum Circuit Implementation
Authors: Zeng Yi , He Jin , Huang Qijun , Wang Hao , Chang Sheng 
Published: February 2025

AbstractWith the rapid advancement of quantum computing, the exploration of quantum graph neural networks is gradually emerging. However, the absence of a circuit framework for quantum implementation and limited physical qubits hinder their realization on real quantum computers. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a spatial‐based quantum graph convolutional neural network and implements it on a superconducting quantum computer. Specifically, this model exclusively consists of quantum circuits, including quantum aggregation circuits in the quantum graph convolutional layer and quantum classification circuits in the quantum dense layer. To meet the requirements of Noisy Intermediate‐Scale Quantum computing, a first‐order extraction method to reduce circuit size is employed. Experimental results in node classification tasks demonstrate that this model achieves comparable or even superior performance compared to classical graph neural networks while utilizing fewer parameters. Therefore, this model can inspire further advancements in quantum graph neural networks and facilitate their implementation on physical quantum devices.
Emergent Oscillating Bound States in a Semi‐Infinite Linear Waveguide with a Point‐Like Λ$\Lambda$‐Type Quantum Emitter Driven by a Classical Field
Authors: He Yuping , Sun Ge , Li Jing , Yang Ya , Lu Jing , Zhou Lan 
Published: February 2025

AbstractAn oscillating bound state is a phenomenon where excitations mediated by the continuum modes oscillate persistently. Although it is generated by the superposition of two bound states in the continuum (BICs), such phenomenon is said to be unique to giant atoms. The phenomenon of an oscillating bound state with an alternative waveguide QED system is presented, which is a one dimensional (1D) semi‐infinite waveguide coupled to a point‐like quantum emitter. This point‐like quantum emitter is ‐type quantum system with one transition driven by a classical field.
Revisiting non‐obstructive azoospermia: Is there a best way to retrieve testicular sperm?
Authors: Kanto Satoru , Ichioka Kentaro , Sato Yuri , Uchino Yoshihiko , Tanaka Takayuki , Endo Mareyuki 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBackgroundMicrodissection TESE has been considered the “gold standard” for retrieving testicular sperm in cases of non‐obstructive azoospermia (NOA) despite limited scientific support. Here we compare all aspects of microdissection TESE with testis fine needle aspiration mapping (FNA Mapping) and directed TESE procedures for men with NOA.MethodsWe examine the history of testicular sperm extraction techniques and the rise of advanced technologies with a focus on microdissection TESE and FNA mapping. We summarize the published literature regarding the success rates, complications, and limitations of these two methods.Main FindingsAs there are no randomized controlled trials, the best data come from the Cochrane Reviews, which include meta‐analyses concluding that the simplest and safest methods of sperm retrieval should be chosen. Although microdissection TESE is popular, recent reports have questioned its value due to the significant hypogonadal consequences. Among alternative procedures, FNA Mapping is a viable and less invasive alternative to microdissection TESE in finding testicular sperm in NOA patients.ConclusionAlternatives to microdissection TESE procedures such as FNA Mapping offer several advantages that include similar sperm retrieval success rates, but also less invasiveness and improved understanding of the pathophysiology of NOA.
Effect of Seasonality and Associated Environmental Drivers on Macroinvertebrate Assemblages in Neotropical Coastal Headwater Streams
Authors: Lafuente Wilson , Moreno José Luis , Carpio Antonio J. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTComprehensive research into the environmental factors that affect the spatial and temporal variability of benthic macroinvertebrate communities in the headwater coastal streams of Ecuador is limited. Therefore, a study was carried out in four headwater coastal streams to address this gap. This study lasted for 2 years and included two surveys in summer and two in winter. The spatial and temporal variation of community metrics (abundance, richness, and diversity), functional feeding groups, and environmental factors were analyzed. A total of 47 genera from 33 families and 12 orders were collected, 29 of which were new records for the studied region. Seventy‐nine percent of the total number of macroinvertebrates collected belonged to three orders of insects: hemipterans, ephemeropterans and coleopterans. The most abundant non‐insect was the amphipod Hyalella. In seasonal terms, the populations of odonates, hemipterans, and coleopterans decreased in winter, whereas those of amphipods, trichopterans, ephemeropterans, and dipterans increased. The dominant functional feeding group consisted of predators, with the heteropterans Rhagovelia and Husseyella being the most abundant genera across all streams. Populations of predators and scrapers decreased in winter, whereas those of shredders and collectors increased. The results showed significant differences among the macroinvertebrate metrics obtained for each stream and season. The abiotic PCA ordination and biotic NMDS ordination of macroinvertebrate assemblages were consistent. The BEST routine inferred that the environmental variables that best explained assemblage patterns were phosphate concentration and stream width, although dissolved oxygen, water temperature, and current velocity were also important explanatory variables. In conclusion, seasons had a major influence on the macroinvertebrate assemblages of neotropical coastal headwater streams. During summer (the dry season), environmental stability supported higher richness and diversity, whereas in winter (the rainy season), hydrologic perturbation disrupted and altered the structure and composition of the macroinvertebrate community.
Mechanisms of Microbial VOC‐Mediated Communication in Plant Ecosystems and Agricultural Applications
Authors: Ali Qurban , Khan Abdur Rashid , Raza Waseem , Bilal Muhammad Saqib , Khalid Sadia , Ayaz Muhammad , Khan Atta‐Ur‐Rehman , Mundra Sunil 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTMicrobial volatile organic compounds (mVOCs) are crucial to the ecological interactions of plants and microbes, playing pivotal roles in plant defence, communication, and growth promotion. The classification, biosynthesis, and emission processes of mVOCs, and their multifaced functions and activities within plant ecosystems have been extensively studied. Moreover, the signalling pathways that enable mVOCs‐mediated communication between plants and their surrounding environment are explored. The mVOCs are critical in mediating interactions with biotic and abiotic stressors, including plant pathogens and environmental changes. These interactions contribute to enhanced plant resilience and foster beneficial ecological interactions. Biotechnological mVOCs have great potential in sustainable agriculture, especially natural pest management and crop protection. These applications include various disease control strategies, such as biosensors, highlighting the crucial role of mVOCs in promoting natural pest control and supporting sustainable development growth. In this review, we explored the functions of mVOCs, mechanisms of action, and the types of interactions. We also discussed recent developments in their use and the challenges involved. We discussed the ethical and regulatory issues related to using mVOCs in agriculture biotechnology and their potential effects on human health and the environment. Finally, we highlight research gaps to fully leverage mVOC functions for sustainable plant production and ecological health.
Time‐Dependent ROC Curve for Multiple Longitudinal Biomarkers and Its Application in Diagnosing Cardiovascular Events
Authors: Sun Lizhe , Wei Pingyuan , Zhou Jie , Zhou Xiao‐Hua 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTSince they can help people detect the early signs of diseases, accurate diagnostic techniques based on biomarkers are crucial in biomedical research. This article proposes a novel bivariate time‐varying coefficients logistic regression model for addressing the combined longitudinal biomarkers. Using the B‐splines method to estimate the proposed model, we can effectively combine multiple longitudinal biomarkers and improve diagnostic accuracy. We show that the proposed method is theoretically consistent. And it exhibits superior performance compared to the existing method, as presented through numerical results. The proposed method is verified in a study on predicting the probability of onset of future cardiovascular events for type 2 diabetic patients. The longitudinal biomarkers, HbA1c and LDL‐C, are considered in this study. We demonstrate that the combined longitudinal biomarkers significantly improved disease diagnostic accuracy over only a combination of the latest measured biomarkers in most cases.
“Even better than the real thing”?: Electronic organs and the dilemma of product mimicry
Authors: Nelson Andrew J. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractResearch SummaryMimetic products like fake wood and fake meat pose a dilemma for producers. On the one hand, their core value lies in faithfully replicating a “real” referent. On the other hand, they must differentiate themselves. I explore this tension through a qualitative historical investigation of the first electronic musical organs: The Orgatron was a low‐cost close imitation of the pipe organ, whereas the Hammond was a lesser imitation that attempted to augment the pipe organ. Ironically, the Orgatron's superior imitation limited its success, whereas Hammond's lesser imitation enabled it to identify and develop new markets. My study suggests that the best product‐imitation strategy may not be faithful mimicry, but rather rapid augmentation. More generally, it contributes to the literatures on imitative products, positioning, and authenticity.Managerial SummaryMimetic products like fake wood and fake meat pose a dilemma for producers. On the one hand, their core value lies in faithfully replicating “the real thing.” On the other hand, they must differentiate themselves. I explore this tension through a historical investigation of the first electronic musical organs. One pioneer, the Orgatron was a pure imitation of the pipe organ, whereas the other, Hammond, was a lesser imitation that attempted to augment it. Ironically, the Orgatron's superior imitation limited its ultimate success, whereas Hammond's lesser imitation enabled it to identify and develop new markets. My study suggests that the best product‐imitation strategy may not be faithful mimicry, but rather rapid augmentation. More generally, it contributes to our understanding of imitation, positioning, and market exploration.
Reversed‐Phase High‐Performance Liquid Chromatography Method and Its Coupling to Mass Spectrometry for Deferasirox Stability Study and Degradation Product Identification
Authors: Patel Shreya , Kothari Charmy S. , Bhalodi Krishna , Solanki Ravisinh 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTDeferasirox (DFR) is a novel oral iron chelator used in the treatment of beta‐thalassemia, myelodysplastic syndromes, and other chronic anemias. Understanding the stability behavior of deferasirox in various degradation condition is crucial and has been studied under hydrolysis, oxidative, photolysis, and thermal conditions. A Phenomenex C18 column (250 × 4.6 mm, 5 µm) was employed to achieve drug separation, with mass spectrometry (MS)‐compatible mobile phase comprising of acetonitrile and 10 mM ammonium acetate buffer (60:40, v/v). The flow rate and detection wavelength were 1.0 mL/min and 250 nm, respectively. The fully validated reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography (RP‐HPLC) stability method developed as per International Council for Harmonisation (ICH) Q2 R1 guidelines, demonstrated excellent performance metrics, including limit of detection (LOD; 30.01 ng/mL), limit of quantification (LOQ; 90.96 ng/mL), recovery (98%–100.1%), precision repeatability (1.8%), and intermediate precision (0.8%). Significant degradation was observed under alkaline, acidic, oxidative, and photolytic while the drug remained stable under thermal condition. The use of liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS) compatible solvents in the mobile phase enables further characterization of deferasirox and its degradation products. Addition of an alkyl radical being postulated as possible degradation mechanism under hydrolysis condition. The fully validated, stability‐indicating, mass‐compatible RP‐HPLC method can be effectively utilized commercially for quality control, and stability studies of deferasirox.
Axial–flexure–shear strength interaction of solid and hollow reinforced concrete rectangular members
Authors: Jaiswal Devesh K. , Murty C. V. R. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe paper provides an analytical method to estimate the combined axial force P–shear force V–bending moment M capacity of solid and hollow reinforced concrete sections including effects of confinement. A fiber model is employed to perform the parametric study to understand the effects of section size and amounts of longitudinal and transverse reinforcements on the strength interaction. The confined P–M envelope can be smaller than the unconfined P–M envelope; the reduction is significant if the concrete cover is more than 15% of the member dimension. In hollow sections, the reduction in strength is independent of absolute section size and is majorly influenced by the percentage opening. The maximum shear force capacity occurs at axial load demand lesser than the uniaxial capacity; it varies with increase in bending moment but remains constant at zero axial load. Design recommendations are made along with a design P–V–M interaction surface.