bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Photoplethysmography and intracardiac pressures: early insights from a pilot study
Authors: Scholte Niels T B , van Ravensberg Annemiek E , Edgar Roos , van den Enden Antoon J M , van Mieghem Nicolas M D A , Brugts Jasper J , Bonnes Judith L , Bruining Nico , van der Boon Robert M A 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Aims
Invasive haemodynamic monitoring of heart failure (HF) is used to detect deterioration in an early phase thereby preventing hospitalizations. However, this invasive approach is costly and presently lacks widespread accessibility. Hence, there is a pressing need to identify an alternative non-invasive method that is reliable and more readily available. In this pilot study, we investigated the relation between wrist-derived photoplethysmography (PPG) signals and the invasively measured pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP).

Methods and results
Fourteen patients with aortic valve stenosis who underwent transcatheter aortic valve replacement with concomitant right heart catheterization and PPG measurements were included. Six unique features of the PPG signals [heart rate, heart rate variability, systolic amplitude (SA), diastolic amplitude, crest time (CT), and large artery stiffness index (LASI)] were extracted. These features were used to estimate the continuous PCWP values and the categorized PCWP (low &lt; 12 mmHg vs. high ≥ 12 mmHg). All PPG features resulted in regression models that showed low correlations with the invasively measured PCWP. Classification models resulted in higher performances: the model based on the SA and the model based on the LASI both resulted in an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.86 and the model based on the CT resulted in an AUC of 0.72.

Conclusion
These results demonstrate the capability to non-invasively classify patients into clinically meaningful categories of PCWP using PPG signals from a wrist-worn wearable device. To enhance and fully explore its potential, the relationship between PPG and PCWP should be further investigated in a larger cohort of HF patients.
Association of Combined Healthy Lifestyle Factors With Incident Dementia in Participants With and Without Multimorbidity: A Large Population-Based Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Niu Ying-ying , Zhong Jian-feng , Wen Hui-yan , Yan Hao-yu , Diao Zhi-quan , Li Jia-xin , Bai Xue-rui , Qiu Jia-min , Xu Zhi-tong , Chen Lian-hong , Li Cheng-ping , Li Jing , Liang Xiao-feng , Liu Dan 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
The effect of a healthy lifestyle on dementia associated with multimorbidity is not well understood. Our objective is to examine whether the adoption of a healthy lifestyle could potentially reduce the elevated risk of dementia in individuals with and without multimorbidity.

Methods
We utilized data from the UK Biobank cohort. A comprehensive healthy lifestyle score, ranging from 0 to 6, was generated. Cox proportional hazards models were used to examine the associations between multimorbidity, the healthy lifestyle score, and the incidence risk of dementia.

Results
Over a median follow-up period of 12.5 years, 5 852 all-cause dementia were recorded. Multimorbidity including cardiovascular, metabolic, neuropsychiatric, and inflammation-related diseases was associated with a higher risk of subsequent dementia. Each additional chronic disease was associated with a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.38 (95% CI: 1.33, 1.44). Compared to individuals without multimorbidity and a healthy lifestyle score of 5–6, patients with multimorbidity and a lifestyle score of 0–1 had a significantly higher risk of dementia (HR: 3.13; 95% CI: 2.64, 3.72), but the risk was markedly attenuated among those with multimorbidity and a lifestyle score of 5–6. Among patients with 3 or more diseases, the HR for dementia was 0.53 (95%CI: 0.42, 0.68) when comparing a lifestyle score of 5–6 to 0–1. And we observed more pronounced association between them among people younger than 60 years old.

Conclusions
Adherence to a combination of healthy lifestyle factors, especially at a young age, was associated with a significantly lower risk of dementia among participants with multimorbidity.
AI-luminating Artificial Intelligence in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: A Narrative Review on the Role of AI in Endoscopy, Histology, and Imaging for IBD
Authors: Gu Phillip , Mendonca Oreen , Carter Dan , Dube Shishir , Wang Paul , Huang Xiuzhen , Li Debiao , Moore Jason H , McGovern Dermot P B 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Endoscopy, histology, and cross-sectional imaging serve as fundamental pillars in the detection, monitoring, and prognostication of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, interpretation of these studies often relies on subjective human judgment, which can lead to delays, intra- and interobserver variability, and potential diagnostic discrepancies. With the rising incidence of IBD globally coupled with the exponential digitization of these data, there is a growing demand for innovative approaches to streamline diagnosis and elevate clinical decision-making. In this context, artificial intelligence (AI) technologies emerge as a timely solution to address the evolving challenges in IBD. Early studies using deep learning and radiomics approaches for endoscopy, histology, and imaging in IBD have demonstrated promising results for using AI to detect, diagnose, characterize, phenotype, and prognosticate IBD. Nonetheless, the available literature has inherent limitations and knowledge gaps that need to be addressed before AI can transition into a mainstream clinical tool for IBD. To better understand the potential value of integrating AI in IBD, we review the available literature to summarize our current understanding and identify gaps in knowledge to inform future investigations.
Profiling Small RNA From Brain Extracellular Vesicles in Individuals With Depression
Authors: Ibrahim Pascal , Denniston Ryan , Mitsuhashi Haruka , Yang Jennie , Fiori Laura M , Żurawek Dariusz , Mechawar Naguib , Nagy Corina , Turecki Gustavo 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a leading cause of disability with significant mortality risk. Despite progress in our understanding of the etiology of MDD, the underlying molecular changes in the brain remain poorly understood. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid-bound particles that can reflect the molecular signatures of the tissue of origin. We aimed to optimize a streamlined EV isolation protocol from postmortem brain tissue and determine whether EV RNA cargo, particularly microRNAs (miRNAs), have an MDD-specific profile.

Methods
EVs were isolated from postmortem human brain tissue. Quality was assessed using western blots, transmission electron microscopy, and microfluidic resistive pulse sensing. EV RNA was extracted and sequenced on Illumina platforms. Functional follow-up was performed in silico.

Results
Quality assessment showed an enrichment of EV markers, as well as a size distribution of 30 to 200 nm in diameter, and no contamination with cellular debris. Small RNA profiling indicated the presence of several RNA biotypes, with miRNAs and transfer RNAs being the most prominent. Exploring miRNA levels between groups revealed decreased expression of miR-92a-3p and miR-129-5p, which was validated by qPCR and was specific to EVs and not seen in bulk tissue. Finally, in silico functional analyses indicate potential roles for these 2 miRNAs in neurotransmission and synaptic plasticity.

Conclusion
We provide a streamlined isolation protocol that yields EVs of high quality that are suitable for molecular follow-up. Our findings warrant future investigations into brain EV miRNA dysregulation in MDD.
Bacterial adenine cross-feeding stems from a purine salvage bottleneck
Authors: Chuang Ying-Chih , Haas Nicholas W , Pepin Robert , Behringer Megan G , Oda Yasuhiro , LaSarre Breah , Harwood Caroline S , McKinlay James B 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Diverse ecosystems host microbial relationships that are stabilized by nutrient cross-feeding. Cross-feeding can involve metabolites that should hold value for the producer. Externalization of such communally valuable metabolites is often unexpected and difficult to predict. Previously, we discovered purine externalization by Rhodopseudomonas palustris by its ability to rescue an Escherichia coli purine auxotroph. Here we found that an E. coli purine auxotroph can stably coexist with R. palustris due to purine cross-feeding. We identified the cross-fed purine as adenine. Adenine was externalized by R. palustris under diverse growth conditions. Computational modeling suggested that adenine externalization occurs via diffusion across the cytoplasmic membrane. RNAseq analysis led us to hypothesize that adenine accumulation and externalization stem from a salvage pathway bottleneck at the enzyme encoded by apt. Ectopic expression of apt eliminated adenine externalization, supporting our hypothesis. A comparison of 49 R. palustris strains suggested that purine externalization is relatively common, with 16 strains exhibiting the trait. Purine externalization was correlated with the genomic orientation of apt, but apt orientation alone could not always explain purine externalization. Our results provide a mechanistic understanding of how a communally valuable metabolite can participate in cross-feeding. Our findings also highlight the challenge in identifying genetic signatures for metabolite externalization.
Personalizing renal replacement therapy initiation in the intensive care unit: a reinforcement learning-based strategy with external validation on the AKIKI randomized controlled trials
Authors: Grolleau François , Petit François , Gaudry Stéphane , Diard Élise , Quenot Jean-Pierre , Dreyfuss Didier , Tran Viet-Thi , Porcher Raphaël 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Objective
The timely initiation of renal replacement therapy (RRT) for acute kidney injury (AKI) requires sequential decision-making tailored to individuals’ evolving characteristics. To learn and validate optimal strategies for RRT initiation, we used reinforcement learning on clinical data from routine care and randomized controlled trials.

Materials and methods
We used the MIMIC-III database for development and AKIKI trials for validation. Participants were adult ICU patients with severe AKI receiving mechanical ventilation or catecholamine infusion. We used a doubly robust estimator to learn when to start RRT after the occurrence of severe AKI for three days in a row. We developed a “crude strategy” maximizing the population-level hospital-free days at day 60 (HFD60) and a “stringent strategy” recommending RRT when there is significant evidence of benefit for an individual. For validation, we evaluated the causal effects of implementing our learned strategies versus following current best practices on HFD60.

Results
We included 3748 patients in the development set and 1068 in the validation set. Through external validation, the crude and stringent strategies yielded an average difference of 13.7 [95% CI −5.3 to 35.7] and 14.9 [95% CI −3.2 to 39.2] HFD60, respectively, compared to current best practices. The stringent strategy led to initiating RRT within 3 days in 14% of patients versus 38% under best practices.

Discussion
Implementing our strategies could improve the average number of days that ICU patients spend alive and outside the hospital while sparing RRT for many.

Conclusion
We developed and validated a practical and interpretable dynamic decision support system for RRT initiation in the ICU.
Bone loss over time and risk of osteoporosis in advanced pancreatic cancer
Authors: Takeda Tsuyoshi , Sasaki Takashi , Okamoto Takeshi , Hirai Tatsuki , Ishitsuka Takahiro , Yamada Manabu , Nakagawa Hiroki , Furukawa Takaaki , Mie Takafumi , Kasuga Akiyoshi , Ozaka Masato , Sasahira Naoki 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
Pancreatic cancer has a high risk of developing osteoporosis. However, the impact of osteoporosis has not been well-studied. This study aimed to evaluate bone loss over time and risk of osteoporosis in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer.

Methods
We retrospectively examined consecutive patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer who had evaluable computed tomography before treatment and at 1-year follow-up. Bone mineral density at the first lumbar vertebra was measured on computed tomography, and osteoporosis was defined as bone mineral density &lt; 135 Hounsfield units. The prevalence and risk factors for osteoporosis, changes in bone mineral density over time and incidence of bone fractures were analyzed.

Results
Three hundred eighty patients were included. Osteoporosis was associated with older age, female sex, low body mass index and poor performance status at baseline. A consistent decrease in bone mineral density was observed over time regardless of age, sex or disease status, resulting in an increase in the prevalence of osteoporosis over time (47% at baseline, 79% at 1 year, 88% at 2 years, 89% at 3 years, 95% at 4 years and 100% at 5 years). Changes in bone mineral density from baseline were greater in patients with locally-advanced pancreatic cancer, in those who received modified FOLFIRINOX or S-IROX for more than 3 months, and in those who received radiation therapy. Incident fractures developed in 45 patients (12%) during follow-up.

Conclusions
Osteoporosis and osteoporotic fractures were highly prevalent in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer. This study highlights the importance of screening for osteoporosis in such patients.
Low physical function following cancer diagnosis is associated with higher mortality risk in postmenopausal women
Authors: Gonzalo-Encabo Paola , Vasbinder Alexi , Bea Jennifer W , Reding Kerryn W , Laddu Deepika , LaMonte Michael J , Stefanick Marcia L , Kroenke Candyce H , Jung Su Yon , Shadyab Aladdin H , Naughton Michelle J , Patel Manali I , Luo Juhua , Banack Hailey R , Sun Yangbo , Simon Michael S , Dieli-Conwright Christina M 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
Postmenopausal women with cancer experience an accelerated physical dysfunction beyond what is expected through aging alone due to cancer and its treatments. The aim of this study was to determine whether declines in physical function after cancer diagnosis are associated with all-cause mortality and cancer-specific mortality.

Methods
This prospective cohort study included 8068 postmenopausal women enrolled in the Women’s Health Initiative with a cancer diagnosis and who had physical function assessed within 1 year of that diagnosis. Self-reported physical function was measured using the 10-item physical function subscale of the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey. Cause of death was determined by medical record review, with central adjudication and linkage to the National Death Index. Death was adjudicated through February 2022.

Results
Over a median follow-up of 7.7 years from cancer diagnosis, 3316 (41.1%) women died. Our results showed that for every 10% difference in the physical function score after cancer diagnosis versus pre-diagnosis, all-cause mortality and cancer-specific mortality were reduced by 12% (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.88, 95% confidence interval  [95% CI] = 0.87 to 0.89 and HR = 0.88, 95% CI = 0.86 to 0.91, respectively). Further categorical analyses showed a significant dose-response relationship between postdiagnosis physical function categories and mortality outcomes (P &lt; .001 for trend), where the median survival time for women in the lowest physical function quartile was 9.1 years (Interquartile range [IQR] = 8.6-10.6 years) compared with 18.4 years (IQR = 15.8-22.0 years) for women in the highest physical function quartile.

Conclusion
Postmenopausal women with low physical function after cancer diagnosis may be at higher risk of mortality from all causes and cancer-related mortality.
Cross-sectional and longitudinal changes in body composition, anxiety, and depression in a clinical sample of adolescents with anorexia nervosa
Authors: Dosal Alexis , Denhardt Brenna , Diaz Rebekah , Obleada Katrina , Feldman Marissa , Reese Jasmine , Sobalvarro Sarah 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Objective
Eating disorders among children and adolescents have increased in prevalence, and mortality rates for anorexia nervosa are among the highest for any psychiatric disorder. Our current study aimed to (a) examine the cross-sectional relationship between body composition and anxiety/depressive symptoms among 97 adolescents and young adults who have been diagnosed with anorexia nervosa, (b) examine the longitudinal changes in body composition and anxiety/depressive symptoms over three months (from baseline to follow-up visit), and (c) examine the longitudinal relationship between change in body composition and change in anxiety/depression over three months.

Method
A retrospective chart review was conducted within an interdisciplinary eating disorder clinic between August 2019 and December 2021. In total, 97 adolescents aged 11–20 years old with diagnoses of anorexia nervosa were included in the analyses. Body composition data were collected at each visit along with parent- and youth-report measures of symptoms of anxiety/depression symptoms.

Results
Findings indicated adolescents demonstrated some improvement in body composition, as well as parent-reported reductions in anxiety/depression symptoms. Based on parent reports, increased BMI percentile was associated with improvements in anxiety/depression symptoms. On the other hand, youth did not report significant changes in anxiety/depressive symptoms. Additionally, there were no associated improvements with body composition measures, which may be associated with continued body dissatisfaction or symptoms of anxiety and depression predating the eating disorder.

Conclusions
These results suggest the importance of including interventions addressing depression, anxiety, and body image as part of treatment.
Primary mature teratoma of the left adrenal gland: a case report
Authors: Li Shangjian , Guo Xudong , Wang Hanbo , Suo Ni , Jiang Shaobo 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Teratoma are germ cell tumors, most frequently arising in the gonads and retroperitoneal teratomas are rare, especially adrenal teratomas. Only a few case reports have been documented in the literature so far. We report the case of a 52-year-old asymptomatic male patient who had an incidental finding of a left adrenal teratoma during an abdominal computed tomography scan; due to the large size of the tumor, he underwent laparoscopic left adrenalectomy, and histopathological examination revealed a mature teratoma of the left adrenal gland, Patient recovering well after surgery and had no recurrence after 6 months of postoperative follow-up. The preoperative diagnosis of adrenal teratoma is challenging because imaging features are usually non-specific. Minimally invasive surgical resection is the best option for diagnosis and treatment of adrenal teratoma.
Miscellaneous disorders of the bowel
Authors: Gimson Alexander 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
A wide range of miscellaneous disorders can affect the bowel. Those discussed in this chapter include cystic disorders (colitis cystica profunda and pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis), protein-losing enteropathy, vascular disorders of the intestine (spontaneous intramural haemorrhage and ortoenteric fistulas), intestinal pseudo-obstruction (acute colonic pseudo-obstruction, chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction), various disorders of the colon and rectum (including immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) colitis, microscopic (collagenous and lymphocytic) colitis, malakoplakia, solitary rectal ulcer syndrome, and stercoral ulcers), complications of parenteral nutrition and intestinal failure, peritoneal disorders, and endometriosis.
Identification of G-quadruplex-interacting proteins in living cells using an artificial G4-targeting biotin ligase
Authors: Lu Ziang , Xie Shengjie , Su Haomiao , Han Shaoqing , Huang Haiyan , Zhou Xiang 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
G-quadruplexes (G4s) are noncanonical nucleic acid structures pivotal to cellular processes and disease pathways. Deciphering G4-interacting proteins is imperative for unraveling G4’s biological significance. In this study, we developed a G4-targeting biotin ligase named G4PID, meticulously assessing its binding affinity and specificity both in vitro and in vivo. Capitalizing on G4PID, we devised a tailored approach termed G-quadruplex-interacting proteins specific biotin-ligation procedure (PLGPB) to precisely profile G4-interacting proteins. Implementing this innovative strategy in live cells, we unveiled a cohort of 149 potential G4-interacting proteins, which exhibiting multifaceted functionalities. We then substantiate the directly binding affinity of 7 candidate G4-interacting-proteins (SF3B4, FBL, PP1G, BCL7C, NDUV1, ILF3, GAR1) in vitro. Remarkably, we verified that splicing factor 3B subunit 4 (SF3B4) binds preferentially to the G4-rich 3′ splice site and the corresponding splicing sites are modulated by the G4 stabilizer PDS, indicating the regulating role of G4s in mRNA splicing procedure. The PLGPB strategy could biotinylate multiple proteins simultaneously, which providing an opportunity to map G4-interacting proteins network in living cells.
WSB1/2 target chromatin-bound lysine-methylated RelA for proteasomal degradation and NF-κB termination
Authors: Zhang Jie , Yu Yuanyuan , Zou Xiuqun , Du Yaning , Liang Qiankun , Gong Mengyao , He Yurong , Luo Junqi , Wu Dandan , Jiang Xiaoli , Sinclair Matt , Tajkhorshid Emad , Chen Hong-Zhuan , Hou Zhaoyuan , Zheng Yuejuan , Chen Lin-Feng , Yang Xiao-Dong 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Proteasome-mediated degradation of chromatin-bound NF-κB is critical in terminating the transcription of pro-inflammatory genes and can be triggered by Set9-mediated lysine methylation of the RelA subunit. However, the E3 ligase targeting methylated RelA remains unknown. Here, we find that two structurally similar substrate-recognizing components of Cullin-RING E3 ligases, WSB1 and WSB2, can recognize chromatin-bound methylated RelA for polyubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. We showed that WSB1/2 negatively regulated a subset of NF-κB target genes via associating with chromatin where they targeted methylated RelA for ubiquitination, facilitating the termination of NF-κB-dependent transcription. WSB1/2 specifically interacted with methylated lysines (K) 314 and 315 of RelA via their N-terminal WD-40 repeat (WDR) domains, thereby promoting ubiquitination of RelA. Computational modeling further revealed that a conserved aspartic acid (D) at position 158 within the WDR domain of WSB2 coordinates K314/K315 of RelA, with a higher affinity when either of the lysines is methylated. Mutation of D158 abolished WSB2’s ability to bind to and promote ubiquitination of methylated RelA. Together, our study identifies a novel function and the underlying mechanism for WSB1/2 in degrading chromatin-bound methylated RelA and preventing sustained NF-κB activation, providing potential new targets for therapeutic intervention of NF-κB-mediated inflammatory diseases.