bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mutation Scanning the GJB1 Gene with High-Resolution Melting Analysis: Implications for Mutation Scanning of Genes for Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease
Authors: Kennerson Marina L , Warburton Trent , Nelis Eva , Brewer Megan , Polly Patsie , De Jonghe Peter , Timmerman Vincent , Nicholson Garth A 
Published: January 2007

Abstract
Background: X-linked Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 1 disease has been associated with 280 mutations in the GJB1 [gap junction protein, beta 1, 32kDa (connexin 32, Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy, X-linked)] gene. High-resolution melting analysis with an automated instrument can be used to scan DNA for alterations, but its use in X-linked disorders has not been described.
Methods: A 96-well LightScanner for high resolution melting analysis was used to scan amplicons of the GJB1 gene. All mutations reported in this study had been confirmed previously by sequence analysis. DNA samples were amplified with the double-stranded DNA-binding dye LC Green Plus. Melting curves were analyzed as fluorescence difference plots. The shift and curve shapes of melting profiles were used to distinguish controls from patient samples.
Results: The method detected each of the 23 mutations used in this study. Eighteen known mutations provided validation of the high-resolution melting method and a further 5 mutations were identified in a blind study. Altered fluorescence difference curves for all the mutations were easily distinguished from the wild-type melting profile.
Conclusion: High-resolution melting analysis is a simple, sensitive, and cost-efficient alternative method to scan for gene mutations in the GJB1 gene. The technology has the potential to reduce sequencing burden and would be suitable for mutation screening of exons of large multiexon genes that have been discovered to be associated with Charcot Marie Tooth neuropathy.
Physician Advice About Being Overweight: Association With Self-Reported Weight Loss, Dietary, and Physical Activity Behaviors of US Adolescents in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999–2002
Authors: Kant Ashima K. , Miner Patricia 
Published: January 2007

OBJECTIVE. The goal was to examine the association of physician counseling about being overweight with attempted weight loss, dietary, and physical activity/inactivity behaviors of US teens.
METHODS. We used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys 1999–2000 and 2001–2002 for 16- to 19-year-old subjects with BMI for age of ≥85th percentile (n = 716). Regression methods were used to examine the association of physician advice about teen weight status with covariate-adjusted differences in reported weight loss, dietary, and physical activity behaviors.
RESULTS. Approximately 51% of overweight teens (BMI for age of ≥95th percentile) but only 17% of at-risk teens (BMI for age of 85th to &lt;95th percentile) reported that they had been informed by a doctor about being overweight. More than 60% of those told by a doctor about being overweight had attempted weight loss in the past year, relative to 41% of those who did not receive this advice. Teens informed of their overweight status reported significantly smaller amounts of all foods and beverages and lower energy intake per kilogram of body weight in the 24-hour recall, relative to the comparison group. Physical activity and inactivity behaviors were unrelated to professional counseling about overweight status.
CONCLUSION. Physician counseling regarding adolescent overweight status was associated with a positive impact on attempted weight loss and moderate dietary behaviors.
The Economics of Routine Childhood Hepatitis A Immunization in the United States: The Impact of Herd Immunity
Authors: Armstrong Gregory L. , Billah Kaafee , Rein David B. , Hicks Katherine A. , Wirth Kathleen E. , Bell Beth P. 
Published: January 2007

OBJECTIVES. Because of the herd-immunity phenomenon, the benefits of immunization against hepatitis A extend beyond those received by those who are vaccinated. This analysis estimates the impact of herd immunity on the cost-effectiveness of routine hepatitis A immunization among US children.PATITENS AND METHODS. In an economic model, the costs and benefits of hepatitis A immunization were estimated for immunizing all US children at age 1 year over a 10-year period starting in 2005. The future burden of disease from hepatitis A was also estimated with this model, and the fraction that would be prevented by herd immunity was modeled by using a previously published analysis of the relationship between hepatitis A vaccination coverage and declines in hepatitis A incidence.RESULTS. Without accounting for herd-immunity effects, the costs of routine immunization would average $32000 per quality-adjusted life-year gained for the first 10 cohorts immunized starting with the 2005 birth cohort. Herd-immunity effects would be expected to produce substantial additional benefits, lowering the cost of the immunization program to $1000 per quality-adjusted life-year gained for the first 10 cohorts. Herd-immunity benefits would be greatest for the first few cohorts, more than doubling the benefits of immunization, and would decline over time. In a univariate sensitivity analysis, estimates were most sensitive to vaccination costs but remained below $20000 per quality-adjusted life-year under all of the assumptions.CONCLUSIONS. Herd-immunity effects more than double the savings from hepatitis A immunization during the first 10 years of the program. After accounting for these effects, immunization is close to cost-neutral on a cost-per-quality-adjusted-life-year basis.
Low-Income Uninsured Children With Special Health Care Needs: Why Aren't They Enrolled in Public Health Insurance Programs?
Authors: Haley Jennifer , Kenney Genevieve 
Published: January 2007

OBJECTIVE. We examined potential barriers to enrollment in public programs among low-income children with special health care needs who are uninsured. Barriers considered include parents not knowing about the Medicaid and State Children's Health Insurance programs, not believing that their child is eligible for public coverage, not perceiving the enrollment processes as easy, and not wanting to enroll their child in a public program.
METHODOLOGY. The source of data is the 2001 National Survey of Children With Special Health Care Needs. A series of 5 questions about the child's health needs, known as the Children With Special Health Care Needs Screener, was used to identify children with special health care needs. Uninsurance is defined as having no insurance coverage at the time of the survey. Low-income families are defined as those with household incomes below 200% of the federal poverty level. The analytic sample consists of 968 low-income uninsured children with special health care needs. We examined the socioeconomic and demographic characteristics of the sample, the reasons the children lack coverage, and the awareness and perception measures, both individually and combined as a summary measure.
RESULTS. Many low-income parents with uninsured children with special health care needs do not have full information about Medicaid and State Children's Health Insurance programs or do not have positive perceptions of the application processes. Although 93.5% had heard of at least 1 of the 2 programs, only 54.6% believed that their child was eligible for public coverage, and just 48.1% believed that the application processes were easy. Almost all said that they would enroll their child if told he or she was eligible for public coverage.
CONCLUSIONS. Understanding why uninsured children with special health care needs do not participate in public programs is important, because these programs have the potential to cover almost all of this population. Initiatives to increase enrollment should yield real dividends given that the vast majority of low-income uninsured children with special health care needs have parents who say they would enroll their children in public coverage.
Will Pediatricians Adopt the New Rotavirus Vaccine?
Authors: Kempe Allison , Daley Matthew F. , Parashar Umesh D. , Crane Lori A. , Beaty Brenda L. , Stokley Shannon , Barrow Jennifer , Babbel Christine , Dickinson L. Miriam , Widdowson Marc-Alain , Alexander James P. , Berman Stephen 
Published: January 2007

OBJECTIVES. Our objective was to determine the following among US pediatricians: (1) perceptions regarding burden of rotavirus disease and need for a vaccine; (2) intentions for recommending a newly licensed rotavirus vaccine; (3) perceived barriers to implementation; and (4) factors associated with plans for vaccine adoption.
PATIENTS AND METHODS. A network of 431 pediatricians was recruited from a random sample of American Academy of Pediatrics’ members. The network was designed to be representative of the American Academy of Pediatrics with respect to region of the country, practice type, and practice setting. During January and February 2006, physicians were surveyed by Internet or mail. The survey contained a paragraph summarizing results of the new rotavirus vaccine trial. Respondents were asked about intentions to use the vaccine and anticipated barriers.
RESULTS. The survey response rate was 71%. Of the respondents, 52% strongly agreed and 37% somewhat agreed with the need for a rotavirus vaccine. If recommended for routine use, 50% would strongly recommend and 34% would recommend but not strongly; 52% would begin to use within 6 months and 27% from 6 months to 1 year. The top 3 “definite” barriers to implementation included concerns about uniform coverage of vaccine by insurers, lack of adequate reimbursement, and parental reluctance because of withdrawal of previous rotavirus vaccine. In multivariate analysis, factors associated with very likely adoption of the vaccine included perception of a high burden of rotavirus disease and a high level of confidence in prelicensure studies of vaccine safety. The presence of physician concerns about safety of the new vaccine and the perception of parental concerns about vaccine safety in general were negatively associated with adoption.
CONCLUSIONS. The majority of pediatricians reported willingness to implement the new rotavirus vaccine, most within 6 months. Major barriers to optimal implementation included provider concerns about reimbursement issues and parental acceptance of the vaccine.
The Effect of Birth in Secondary- or Tertiary-Level Hospitals in Finland on Mortality in Very Preterm Infants: A Birth-Register Study
Authors: Rautava Liisi , Lehtonen Liisa , Peltola Mikko , Korvenranta Emmi , Korvenranta Heikki , Linna Miika , Hallman Mikko , Andersson Sture , Gissler Mika , Leipälä Jaana , Tammela Outi , Häkkinen Unto ,   for the PERFECT Preterm Infant Study Group
Published: January 2007

OBJECTIVE. Our goal was to test the hypothesis that the level of the delivery hospital affects 1-year mortality of very preterm infants in Finland.
PATIENTS AND METHODS. This retrospective national medical birth-register study included 2291 very preterm infants (gestational age of &lt;32 weeks at birth or birth weight of ≤1500 g) born in 14 level II (central) and 5 level III (university) hospitals in 2000–2003. The main outcome measures were adjusted total mortality (including stillbirths) and mortality of live-born infants until the age of 1 year.
RESULTS. Both the total 1-year mortality and the 1-year mortality of live-born infants were higher in level II hospitals compared with level III hospitals. Total mortality was higher in very preterm infants who were not born during office hours. In theory, delivery of all very preterm infants in level III instead of level II hospitals translates into an annual prevention of 69 of the 170 total deaths and prevention of 18 of the 45 deaths of live-born infants.
CONCLUSIONS. Resources in neonatal intensive care should be increased, especially during non–office hours, to have an equally distributed service through the 24-hour day. More efficient regionalization of very preterm deliveries may improve 1-year survival of very preterm infants in Finland.
Metal‐induced rearrangement of benzothiazoline ring: Synthesis and characterization of some new organoantimony(V) derivatives of N, O, and S atom containing schiff base ligands
Authors: Shanker D. , Sharma R. K. , Sharma J. , Rai A. K. , Singh Y. P. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractSome new triphenylantimony(V) derivatives of Schiff bases having the composition ${\rm Ph_3 S\overline{b[SC_6 H_4 N: C(R)CH:CO}COOC H_3]}$ have been synthesized by the equimolar reactions of Ph3SbBr2 with newly synthesized benzothiazoline ligands, $\hbox{H }{\rm \overline{NC_6 H_4 SC} (R)CH:C(OH)COOCH_3}$ (where R = C6H5(H2L1), 4‐BrC6H4(H2L2), 4‐ClC6H4(H2L3), 4‐CH3‐OC6H4(H2L4), 4‐CH3C6H4(H2L5)). The reaction proceeds with the rearrangement of benzothiazoline ring. All the derivatives have been characterized by elemental analyses, molecular weight measurements and their plausible structures have been proposed on the basis of IR and NMR (1H and 13C) spectral studies. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 18:70–75, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20260
3D and 4D ultrasound in fetal cardiac scanning: a new look at the fetal heart
Authors: Yagel S. , Cohen S. M. , Shapiro I. , Valsky D. V. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractOver the last decade we have been witness to a burgeoning literature on three‐dimensional (3D) and four‐dimensional (4D) ultrasound‐based studies of the fetal cardiovascular system. Recent advances in the technology of 3D/4D ultrasound systems allow almost real‐time 3D/4D fetal heart scans. It appears that 3D/4D ultrasound in fetal echocardiography may make a significant contribution to interdisciplinary management team consultation, health delivery systems, parental counseling, and professional training.Our aim is to review the state of the art in 3D/4D fetal echocardiography through the literature and index cases of normal and anomalous fetal hearts. Copyright © 2007 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reliability and validity of tissue volume measurement by three‐dimensional ultrasound: an experimental model
Authors: Martins W. P. , Ferriani R. A. , Barra D. A. , dos Reis R. M. , Bortolieiro M. A. V. , Nastri C. O. , Filho F. Mauad 
Published: January 2007

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the validity and the intra‐ and interobserver reliability of volume measurements of an endometrium‐like model using a three‐dimensional (3D) ultrasound rotational technique.MethodsA 3D ultrasound dataset was obtained from a sample of bovine liver containing a portion of chicken chest muscle (CCM). The process was repeated seven times using pieces of CCM of different sizes, resulting in seven datasets. Each portion of CCM was then placed in a water‐filled volume‐scaled tube and the ‘actual’ volumes were calculated by water displacement. For each dataset, ten volumes were calculated by each of two observers using a (VOCAL™) with a 15° rotational step. Reliability was assessed by calculating intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) and validity by examining the percentage difference from the actual volume using limits of agreement.ResultsThe volume measurement of organic tissues using the 3D ultrasound rotational method was highly reliable (intraobserver ICC, 0.998 for Observer 1 and 0.997 for Observer 2; interobserver ICC, 0.997) and valid (the bias and 95% limits of agreement of the percentage difference from the actual volume was only 0.57 (−3.07 to 4.21) % for Observer 1 and − 0.17 (−4.34 to 4.0) % for Observer 2).ConclusionsThe 3D sonographic measurement, using VOCAL with a 15° rotational step, of small and irregular tissues is reliable and valid, suggesting that it is a useful technique for measurement of the endometrial volume and other volumes of similar size. Copyright © 2007 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Weber's Freischütz: Conceptions and Misconceptions
Authors: Finscher Ludwig 
Published: January 2007

The 18 June 1821, the sixth anniversary of the last and decisive battle of the British and Prussian armies against Napoleon, the Battle of Waterloo or Belle Alliance, and the day of the triumphal first performance of Weber's Freischütz, is commonly regarded as the birthday of German Romantic opera, a genre which was to dominate the opera houses of the German-speaking countries until well beyond the middle of the century and which was eventually to create Wagner's Gesamtkunstwerk, out of Wagner's own German Romantic operas Die Feen, Der fliegende Holländer, Tannhäuser and Lohengrin, which in turn depended directly and to a considerable degree upon Weber's Freischütz and Euryanthe. A day of great importance in the history of music, then, and a day of paramount importance in the history of German music. Again it is Wagner who gave expression to the feelings of what was apparently the vast majority of music-loving and patriotic Germans of his time, in the famous beginning of his report on the first performance of Berlioz' adaptation of Freischütz for the Grand Opéra, the report Le Freischütz. Bericht nach Deutschland, published on 20 June 1841 – and so unfortunately two days too late for the 20th anniversary of the Freischütz première and the 26th anniversary of Waterloo – in the Dresdener Abendzeitung:
O, mein herrliches deutsches Vaterland, wie muß ich dich lieben, wie muß ich für dich schwārmen, wāre es nur, weil auf deinem Boden der “Freischūtz” entstand! Wie muß ich das deutsche Volk lieben, das den “Freischütz” liebt, das noch heute an die Wunder der naivesten Sage glaubt, das noch heute, im Mannesalter, die süßen, geheimnisvollen Schauer empfindet, die in seiner Jugend ihm das Herz durchbebten! Ach, du liebenswürdige deutsche Träumerei! Du Schwärmerei vom Walde, vom Abend, von den Sternen, vom Monde, von der Dorfthurmglocke, wenn sie sieben Uhr schlägt! Wie ist der glücklich, der euch versteht, der mit euch glauben, fühlen, träumen, schwärmen kann! Wie ist mir wohl, daß ich ein Deutscher bin!
The Northumbrian Small-Pipes
Authors: North S. Kennedy 
Published: January 2007

The musical instrument known as a bag-pipe consists of a reeded chanter with holes for the performer's fingers to make the melody, one or more reeded drones to provide a continuous harmony, and a bag containing a supply of air.Ancient Egypt in 1000 B.C. provides the earliest known example of the double reeded pipe. There is a Chinese tradition stating the discovery of a reeded pipe in B.C. 2585 by the Prime Minister to the Emperor Hoang-Ty. Even ancient Peruvian art has given us illustrations of the bagpipes.
Music Studies
Authors: Middleton Hubert S. 
Published: January 2007

“… once we have recognised that knowledge in itself is good for man, we shall need to invent no pretexts for studying this subject or that; we shall import no extraneous considerations of use or ornament to justify us in learning one thing rather than another.”This short extract from Professor Housman's Introductory Lecture delivered before the Faculties of Arts and Laws and of Science in University College, London, in the year 1892, is set down here to help me to disencumber my mind and to tell a plain tale in simple words; indeed, you too will have pondered upon those things which appertain to Music Studies. Throughout this Paper “I tell you that which you yourselves do know,” and I shall hope to be instructed in the Discussion.
‘Baptist's Vein’—French Orchestral Music and its Influence, from 1650 to 1750
Authors: Cudworth C. L. 
Published: January 2007

‘The master of the Court musick in France was Baptista (an Italian frenchified). The Entrys of Baptist ever were … valued as most stately and compleat harmony; and all the compositions of the town were strained to imitate Baptist's vein.’This Quotation Concerning Lully, from North's Memoirs of Musick, is the key to a whole century of musical history, for it was not only London town which was ‘strained to imitate Baptist's vein’ but almost the whole of Europe as well, and in this paper I hope to trace the influence of Lully's ‘vein’ in the development of the modern orchestra. Our story begins just before his time, when the Italians were composing the first operas, when the English were experimenting with the masque and the French had already made a very good beginning with their Ballet de Cour.
Clinical and In vitro Studies of Imatinib in Advanced Carcinoid Tumors
Authors: Yao James C. , Zhang Jun X. , Rashid Asif , Yeung Sai-Ching J. , Szklaruk Janio , Hess Kenneth , Xie Keping , Ellis Lee , Abbruzzese James L. , Ajani Jaffer A. 
Published: January 2007

Abstract
Purpose: Effective systemic therapy options for carcinoid tumors are lacking. We conducted in vitro studies and a phase II clinical trial to explore the activity of imatinib in carcinoid tumors.
Experimental Design: Cells of the human bronchial carcinoid cell line NCI-H727 and the human pancreatic carcinoid cell line BON-1 were treated with increasing concentrations of imatinib using standard procedures to assess in vitro growth-inhibitory activity. A clinical trial using a two-stage phase II design to assess the response rate and safety profile of imatinib at a dose of 400 mg given twice daily in patients with advanced carcinoid tumors was completed.
Results: In both cell lines, there was a dose- and time-dependent cytotoxic effect. The clinical trial enrolled 27 evaluable patients. Median duration on trial was 16 weeks. One patient had a partial response, 17 had stable disease, and 9 had progressive disease by the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors criteria. Median progression-free survival time was 24 weeks. Median overall survival is 36 months. Seven patients who achieved a biochemical response had a superior progression-free survival time compared with patients without biochemical response (115 weeks compared with 24 weeks; P = 0.003). An increase in plasma basic fibroblast growth factor was associated with a shorter progression-free survival duration (P = 0.02).
Conclusions: Our data suggest that imatinib is active in vitro and has a modest clinical activity in carcinoid patients. Changes in tumor markers may help select patients who are likely to benefit from therapy.
Compatibilization of polypropylene/molecular sieves type 13X based on carboxyled polypropylene
Authors: Ma Zhi‐Ling , Guo Hua‐Ying 
Published: January 2007

AbstractMolecular sieves type 13X (13X) was selected as a filler of polypropylene (PP). The effect of carboxyled polypropylene (EPP) on mechanical properties, melting behavior, morphology and rheology behavior of PP/13X composites was studied. Mechanical properties tests showed that when 4% EPP added, the impact strength and tensile strength increased 65.6 and 4.6% than PP/13X composites, respectively. It was suggested that the EPP activated the heterogeneous nucleation centers on the filler surface, and made 13X dispersed in PP matrix homogeneously by POM. SEM illustrated that EPP improved the adhesion and the compatibility between 13X and PP. Flow tests indicated that the EPP played the role of lubricant in PP/13X. All the investigations showed EPP was a true coupling agent for PP/13X composites. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007