bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comparative study of thermoelectric properties in (Pr,Y)Ba2Cu3O7 and PrBa2Cu3O7–Ag percolative systems
Authors: Mori Natsuki , Okano Hiroyuki , Furuya Akio 
Published: August 2006

AbstractMeasurements of the temperature‐dependent thermoelectric power S (T ) and resistivity ρ (T ) were performed to characterize two kinds of polycrystalline systems (Pr1–x Yx )Ba2Cu3O7 and Ag‐doped PrBa2Cu3O7, each of which exhibits percolative behaviour at a certain doping level. At room temperature, Jonker plots of the thermoelectric power against logarithm of the conductivity in both systems show a similar tendency that two different fitting lines are intercrossed at the percolation thresholds. The ρ (T ) behaviour below 100 K in each system with low dopant content obeys the variable‐range‐hopping conduction. Variations of S (T ) in both systems could be reconciled with the Boson–Fermion theory based on the resonating‐valence‐bond model with reasonable dependences of fitting parameters upon doping. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
MBE growth and TEM analyses in Mn–Ge–P compounds
Authors: Minami K. , Bouravleuv A. D. , Sato Y. , Ishibashi T. , Kuwano N. , Sato K. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractTernary MnGeP2 thin films have been grown on GaAs substrate using MBE technique. The films prepared at 435 °C showed ferromagnetism at room temperature. TEM observation revealed a segregation of MnP tile‐shaped grains. Films grown at 585 °C showed no trace of ferromagnetic secondary phases in XRD profiles and were found to show no ferromagnetic behaviors down to 77 K. This is consistent with theoretical prediction that stoichiometric MnGeP2 is antiferromagnetic, and our previous experimental results that the MnGeP2 layer existing at the top of ZnGeP2:Mn has no contribution to ferromagnetic properties of the latter. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Optical properties of TlInGaAs/TlInP/InP laser diodes
Authors: Fujiwara A. , Matsumoto T. , Krishnamurthy D. , Hasegawa S. , Asahi H. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractTlInGaAs/TlInP/InP separate confinement heterostructures (SCHs) were grown by gas‐source molecular‐beam epitaxy and metal stripe laser diodes (LDs) were fabricated. Temperature variation of electroluminescence peak wavelength was as small as 0.06 nm/K due to the reduced temperature variation of band gap energy of TlInGaAs. Pulsed laser operation was achieved at 77–297 K. Threshold current density for the TlInGaAs/TlInP/InP SCH LD (0.6 kA/cm2 at 77 K) was smaller than that for the TlInGaAs/InP double heterostructure LD (0.8 kA/cm2 at 77 K), which is due to the increased refractive index for TlInP and the improved optical confinement. Temperature variation of main peak wavelength in the lasing spectra was as small as 0.07 nm/K, which is much smaller than those for the InGaAsP/InP Fabry–Perot LDs (0.4 nm/K) and distributed feed‐back LDs (0.1 nm/K). (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Ab initio study of spinodal decomposition in (Zn, Cr)Te
Authors: Fukushima T. , Sato K. , Katayama‐Yoshida H. , Dederichs P. H. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe spinodal decomposition in (Zn, Cr)Te is simulated by using first principles calculations and Monte Carlo simulation. It is found that the chemical pair interaction between Cr atoms in (Zn, Cr)Te is attractive interaction and leads to spinodal decomposition. Curie temperatures in decomposed situation are estimated by the random phase approximation with taking the magnetic percolation effect into account. This decomposed phase makes the random pattern of high concentration regions which connect each other and have possibility to realize high Curie temperature. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Effect of co‐doping of Ce3+ and alkaline metals on the photoluminescence in CaGa2S4 and SrGa2S4 hosts
Authors: Hidaka Chiharu , Miura Kazutaka , Oikawa Shinya , Takizawa Takeo 
Published: August 2006

AbstractCe3+ doped alkaline‐earth thiogallates represented as MIIGa2S4 (MII = Ca, Sr, Ba) are known as blue phosphors with high brightness and good purity of color. However the Ce concentration is limited below about 1 mol% in the process of the single crystal growth, presumably due to the charge imbalance of the dopant. Here in order to increase Ce3+ concentration, alkaline metals and Ce ions are codoped in the alkaline earth thiogallates and the effect of co‐doping on the photoluminescence is studied. More than 15 mol% Ce doping is achieved, and PL intensity in Na codoped Ca and Sr thiogallates becomes three and five times stronger than that of the only Ce3+ 1 mol% doping case, respectively. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Composition‐dependent behavior of Co(d7) optical transitions in Cd1–xCoxGa2S4 mixed crystals
Authors: Kim Young‐San , Park Hyun , Hyun Seung‐Cheol , Jin Moon‐Seog , Park Gye‐Choon , Kim Chang‐Dae , Jang Kiwan , Choi In‐Hwan , Kim Wha‐Tek 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe optical transitions due to the cobalt transition metal impurity centers with composition x in Cd1–k Cox Ga2S4 mixed crystals were investigated by optical absorption spectroscopy. The optical absorption spectra showed three crystal‐field transitions between the ground state 4A2(4F) and the excited states 4T2(4F), 4T1(4F), and 4T1(4P) of substitutional Co2+ ions that were similar for all the investigated compositions. The crystal‐field parameter (Dq ) and the Racah parameter (B ) obtained from the observed absorption bands showed a composition dependence such that the Dq parameter increases; on the other hand, the B parameter decreases with increasing composition x, which implies that the Racah parameter (B ) depends strongly on the host crystal. Also, the total splitting between the highest and the lowest states of the 4T1(4P) state split due to spin–orbit coupling showed a composition dependence varying from 1576 cm–1 to 1232 cm–1 with increasing x . The spin–orbit coupling parameter γ varied from 394 cm–1 to 308 cm–1 with composition x . (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Low‐temperature wet chemical syntheses of nanocrystal phosphors with surface modification and their characterization
Authors: Isobe T. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractWe report photoluminescence (PL) and chemical properties of nanocrystal phosphors synthesized by low‐temperature wet chemical processing. YAG:Ce3+ nanocrystals were synthesized from aluminium isopropoxide, yttrium(III) acetate tetrahydrate and cerium(III) acetate monohydrate in the mixed solvent of 1,4‐butylene glycol and polyethylene glycol (PEG) in an autoclave at 300 °C to discuss roles of PEG surface modification on PL enhancement. We also discuss roles of a lauryl phosphate surface modifier on PL enhancement in two systems of LaPO4:Ce3+,Tb3+ nanocrystals synthesized at 140 °C in the autoclave and ZnS:Mn2+ nanocrystals synthesized by a reverse micelle method. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Optical characterization of CuInSe2 single crystals prepared by travelling heater method
Authors: Shirakata Sho , Miyake Hideto 
Published: August 2006

AbstractTemperature dependences of photoreflectance (PR), photoluminescence (PL), and time‐resolved PL have been determined for bulk CuInSe2 single crystals grown by a travelling heater method. The PR spectra exhibited excitonic AB (1.04 eV) and C (1.27 eV) transitions, and their temperature dependence has been determined. PL exhibited an exciton peak at 1.036 eV at 8 K. Other PL peaks at 0.99 eV and 1.01 eV quenched at 40 K and 100 K, respectively. For 50–200 K, exciton PL exhibited thermal quenching with an activation energy (ΔE ) of 16 meV. Further increase in temperature (200 K < T < 300 K) leads to a strong broadening of PL, an abrupt PL energy decrease, and a negative thermal quenching (ΔE = –89 meV). With increase in temperature, the PL lifetime decreases for 80 K < T < 160 K, while it increases for 180 K < T < 300 K. These results suggest a change of the recombination mechanism at about 200 K. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Growth of high‐quality CuGaSe2 thin films using ionized Ga precursor
Authors: Miyazaki H. , Miyake T. , Chiba Y. , Yamada A. , Konagai M. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractWe have fabricated high‐quality CuGaSe2 thin films using ionized Ga precursors. The films were characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Raman spectroscopy. The grain size and the crystallinity of CuGaSe2 films using ionized Ga precursors were larger than those of the films using unionized Ga precursors. It was found from the experiments that the migration energy of Ga precursors played an important role in the crystal growth for high‐quality CuGaSe2 films. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Doping induced structural changes in CuInS2 thin films and the effects on optical and electrical properties
Authors: Enzenhofer T. , Unold T. , Schock H. W. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe systematical study of the admixture of small amounts of group‐II elements (<1 at%) with Raman and photoluminescence spectroscopy reveal an increase in the Raman response of the cation‐anion vibration modes accompanied with the generation of a new broad emission band at 1.35 eV in the PL spectra of the chalcopyrite system Cu–In–S. Intensity dependent PL measurements indicate that this emission band is strongly influenced by a high degree of compensation in contrast to the commonly found donor‐acceptor pair recombination in undoped CuInS2 samples. From temperature dependent conductivity measurements an increased concentration of acceptors and donors in doped CuInS2 thin films is found. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Epitaxial growth and optical investigations of ZnTeO alloys
Authors: Nabetani Y. , Okuno T. , Aoki K. , Kato T. , Matsumoto T. , Hirai T. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractWe have grown zincblende‐structured ZnTeO alloy semiconductors on GaAs substrates by molecular beam epitaxy using RF‐excited O. O concentrations measured by secondary ion mass spectroscopy were found to increase with the increase of O2 flow rate supplied during the growth, while the change of lattice constant measured by X‐ray diffraction does not follow Vegard's law. It is considered that the O atoms are incorporated not only into group‐VI sites but also as interstitials. Formation of other compounds such as ZnTeO3, Zn2Te3O8, and TeO2 was not detected. Optical reflectance spectroscopy revealed the increase of the band‐gap energy with O concentration that can be interpreted as the repulsive interaction between the energy states originated in the localized states of O and the conduction‐band edge of host ZnTe. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Low temperature growth of transparent conducting ZnO films by plasma assisted deposition
Authors: Nishii A. , Uehara T. , Sakano T. , Nabetani Y. , Akitsu T. , Kato T. , Matsumoto T. , Hagihara S. , Abe O. , Hiraki S. , Fujikawa Y. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractTransparent conducting ZnO films are deposited by plasma assisted deposition technique on glass and plastic substrates at temperatures 60 ∼ 300 °C using metallic Zn, metallic Ga and plasma‐excited oxygen as source materials. Deposited films were characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), optical transmittance in the visible and infrared region, Raman scattering, and Hall measurements. Film properties are controlled by substrate temperature, oxygen source/zinc source supply ratio, and Ga doping. 350 nm‐thick Ga‐doped ZnO films deposited at 290 °C showed low resistivity (∼2 × 10–4 Ω cm) and high transmittance in the visible region (∼85%). (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Fabrication of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin films by a combination of mechanochemical and screen‐printing/sintering processes
Authors: Wada T. , Matsuo Y. , Nomura S. , Nakamura Y. , Miyamura A. , Chiba Y. , Yamada A. , Konagai M. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractWe prepared fine Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) powder suitable for screen printing using a mechanochemical process. Particulate precursors were deposited in a thin layer by a screen‐printing technique, the remaining organic solvent was removed from the screen‐printed CIGS film and finally the porous precursor layer was sintered into a dense polycrystalline film by atmospheric‐pressure firing. The crystal structure of the film was analyzed by X‐ray diffraction and the microstructure was observed in a SEM. The thickness of the film was 5–10 μm with a grain size of about 2 μm. The films were also observed in a TEM. The grain size of the as‐prepared powder was less than 1 μm; however, it enlarged to 2–3 μm after firing at 575 °C under a Se ambient. Preliminary CIGS solar cells with our standard Al grid/B‐doped ZnO/i‐ZnO/ CdS/CIGS/Mo/soda‐lime glass structure were fabricated. An efficiency of 2.7%, a V oc of 0.325 V, a J sc of 28.3 mA/cm2 and a FF of 0.295 was obtained. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Non‐stoichiometry and properties of SnTe〈Cd〉 semiconducting phase of variable composition
Authors: Rogacheva E. I. , Nashchekina O. N. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractIt was established that the dependences of microhardness, hole concentration, electrical conductivity, and the Seebeck coefficient on composition in the Sn0.984Te–Cd and Sn0.984Te–CdTe solid solutions based on non‐stoichiometric tin telluride exhibit non‐monotonic behavior. The effects connected with the interaction between intrinsic and impurity defects and with critical phenomena accompanying a transition to the impurity continuum were isolated. The results obtained in this work represent another evidence for our proposition about the universal character of critical phenomena accompanying the transition from an impurity discontinuum to an impurity continuum in solid solutions. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Synthesis and impurity doping of GaN powders by the two‐stage vapor‐phase method for phosphor applications
Authors: Hara K. , Okuyama E. , Yonemura A. , Uchida T. , Okamoto N. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe analysis of particle formation and the doping of luminescent impurities during the two‐stage vapor‐phase synthesis of GaN powder were carried. GaN particles were grown very fast during the second stage of this method, and the increment in particle size was larger for higher reaction temperature in the region between 800 and 1000 °C. The analysis on the behaviour of particle growth based on the reaction kinetics suggested that the growth almost finishes in a few seconds with an extremely high rate at the early stage at 1000 °C, whereas the growth lasts with relatively low rates for a time longer than the actual growth duration for the case of lower temperature synthesis. GaN powders doped with various impurity atoms were synthesized by supplying impurity sources with GaCl during the second stage. The samples doped with Zn, Mg and Tb showed emissions characteristic for each doped impurity. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Third‐harmonic generation in a quantum well with adjustable asymmetry under an electric field
Authors: Yıldırım H. , Tomak M. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractWe study third‐harmonic generation in a quantum well represented by a Pöschl–Teller confining potential under an applied electric field. This potential is well suited for such purposes as it can easily become asymmetrical by a correct choice of its parameter set. We calculate the third harmonic generation within the density matrix formalism. Numerical results for a typical GaAs quantum well are presented. We investigate the third‐harmonic generation for several values of asymmetry parameters under small electric fields. It is found to be enhanced with the increasing electric field. While the resulting third‐harmonic generation peak is promising it is still quite smaller than that observed in similar quantum well systems. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Confinement of magnetoexcitons in GaAs quantum well with a superconducting disk on top of the well
Authors: Koinov Z. G. , Collins G. , Mirassou M. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractWe study the confinement of magnetoexcitons in quantum wells in the presence of a strong external homogeneous magnetic field and a cylindrical symmetric inhomogeneous magnetic field created by a superconducting disk, placed on the top of the well. We calculate numerically the trapping energy and the corresponding center‐of‐mass wave function of magnetoexcitons in a GaAs single quantum well. The calculations clearly indicate the formation of bound exciton states with nonzero values for the center‐of‐mass exciton wave function only in a sufficiently small area. This effect of exciton trapping can be used to design new functional nanoelectronic devices. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Theoretical study of pressure shift for R line of Cr3+ ion in lanthanum lutetium gallium garnet
Authors: Zhou Yi‐Yang 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe pressure shifts for R line (2E → 4A2 transition) of Cr3+ luminescence spectra in lanthanum lutetium gallium garnet (LLGG:La3Lu2Ga3O12) are studied by a molecular orbital model. The obtained pressure dependence of R line is in qualitative agreement with experiments, this is an attempt to overcome the theoretical difficulty for the R line pressure shifts of Cr3+:LLGG within the crystal‐field approximation. The anticrossing model and the assumed nephelauxetic effect for Cr3+ ions in gallium garnets are mentioned. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Gas phase interaction of zinc ion with purine and pyrimidine DNA and RNA bases
Authors: Marino T. , Mazzuca D. , Toscano M. , Russo N. , Grand A. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe interaction of uracil, thymine, cytosine, adenine, and guanine with zinc ion was studied at the density functional B3LYP/6‐311+G(2df,2p) level. Different binding sites allowing both mono‐metal and bi‐metal coordination were considered for the different low‐lying tautomers of nucleic acid bases. Zinc ion forms stable compounds with all nucleobases. Except for cytosine, mono‐coordination appears to be less favored than bi‐coordination in the other pyrimidines. Instead, the preferred sites in the case of adenine and guanine were found to be the N7 and O6 and N7 and N6 pairs of atoms, respectively. Zinc ion affinity was evaluated for all the complexes and compared with values previously obtained for other transition metal ions. In the present case, the following order of metal ion affinity (MIA) was found: G>A>C>T>U. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2007
Conference Proceedings: Abstracts From Research Forums Presented at the ACNM 51st Annual Meeting 2006
Authors: Hanson Lisa 
Published: August 2006

The American College of Nurse‐Midwives Division of Research, International Committee, and the Journal of Midwifery and Women's Health are pleased to present the abstracts from the 2006 Research Forum podium presentations. The podium presentations were selected in a blinded peer review process in the winter of 2005, and presented at the Annual Meeting in Salt Lake City, Utah. Only abstracts of completed research were eligible for publication. The abstracts presented here demonstrate the breadth and quality of research being conducted about midwifery and women's health by midwifery researchers and our colleagues.Holly Kennedy, Chair,Division of ResearchLisa Hanson,Division of ResearchLinda Walsh,International Committee
Endometrial Ablation as an Alternative to Hysterectomy
Authors: League Diane D. 
Published: August 2006

ABSTRACTIn the United States, as many as two million women (ie, 22%) each year will consult a physician about menorrhagia (ie, excessive menstrual bleeding). Seven hundred thousand hysterectomies are performed in the United States each year for symptomatic menorrhagia. The procedure cost, risk, and complications, combined with the fact that a large number of posthysterectomy specimens show no abnormality, suggest that the majority of hysterectomies performed for menorrhagia are unnecessary. These data suggest that a less invasive procedure that destroys the endometrial lining but preserves the uterus would be a beneficial procedure for patients with excessive uterine bleeding. Treatment for menorrhagia, may include hormone therapy, endometrial curettage, endometrial ablation, and hysterectomy. Women who are opposed to hysterectomy and those for whom other treatment options were unsuccessful can consider ablation rather than hysterectomy. AORN J 77 (Feb 2003) 322‐338.
Deep Vein Thrombosis and Airline Travel—The Deadly Duo
Authors: Ball Kay 
Published: August 2006

ABSTRACTA number of deaths from pulmonary embolism caused by deep vein thrombosis (DVT) have been attributed to long‐distance airplane travel. Although airplanes provide the most convenient means of long‐distance travel, the aircraft environment can take a physical toll on passengers. This article describes the causes and risk factors for DVT, discusses preventive strategies, and offers recommendations for making air travel safer. AORN J 77 (Feb 2003) 346‐358.
The Ambulatory Surgery Unit as a Learning Experience
Authors: Fawcett Debra L. 
Published: August 2006

ABSTRACTToday's graduate nurses are expected to enter the work environment at increased levels of competence. Skills are expected to be ingrained, and health care administrators expect new graduates to be able to think critically. Nurse educators often are looking for new and creative ways to educate students. The ambulatory surgery setting can provide a plethora of clinical tasks and situations that teach students how to gather information, make judgments, prioritize, handle multiple demands and patients, and perform clinical skills quickly and efficiently. This article describes a pilot project in which eight nursing students learned valuable clinical and critical thinking skills in the fast‐paced world of ambulatory care. AORN J (Nov 1999) 782‐790.
Thoracoscopic Sympathectomy for Palmar Hyperhidrosis
Authors: Allen Gloria M. 
Published: August 2006

ABSTRACTPalmer hyperhidrosis (ie, excessive sweating of the palms) usually appears at puberty and causes psychological, social educational, and occupational problems for people who suffer from it. Although many treatments have been used, the only treatment that permanently eradicates the condition is sympathectomy. The advent of thoracoscopic surgery has allowed surgeons to perform sympathectomy as an outpatient procedure that is safe and effective and produces life‐changing results for patients. AORN J 74 (August 2001) 178–188.
Ethics in Perioperative Practice—Accountability and Responsibility
Authors: Berlandi Jackie L. 
Published: August 2006

ABSTRACTThough often difficult, ethical decision making is necessary when caring for surgical patients. Perioperative nurses have to recognize ethical dilemmas and be prepared to take action based on the ethical code outlined in the American Nurses Association's (ANA's) Code of Ethics for Nurses with Interpretive Statements. In this third of a nine‐part series that will help perioperative nurses relate the ANA code to their own area of practice, the author looks at the fourth provision statement, which addresses nurses' accountability and responsibility. AORN J 75 (June 2002) 1094‐1099.
Uterine Artery Embolization
Authors: DeMello Ann B. 
Published: August 2006

ABSTRACTThe use of uterine artery embolization is a new approach in the treatment of uterine fibroids. Embolization is a technique in which blood vessels that supply nutrients and oxygen to fibroids are blocked. This blockage causes the fibroid muscle cells to degenerate and form scar tissue, thus shrinking the fibroid. Usually the fibroid no longer causes symptoms. This minimally invasive procedure involves an overnight hospital stay and results in a reduction of fibroid symptoms. Most women notice the greatest improvement in the first eight weeks. This procedure has been performed only since 1990 and, therefore, long‐term results are unknown. AORN J 73 (April 2001) 790–807.