bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in circulation of B and non‐B HIV strains: Spotlight on a reference centre for infectious diseases in Northern Italy
Authors: Baldanti Fausto , Paolucci Stefania , Ravasi Giovanni , Maccabruni Anna , Moriggia Alberto , Barbarini Giorgio , Maserati Renato 
Published: April 2008

AbstractStored demographic data and HIV RT and protease sequences of 877 HIV patients attending for the first time the HIV/AIDS outpatient clinics of a reference Infectious Diseases centre in Northern Italy between 1999 and 2006 were stratified by 3‐year spanning periods according to date of HIV infection. In the period 1980–1982, new infections were entirely caused by HIV‐1 subtype B strains and were all diagnosed in injection drug users, 88.9% of whom were males. Injection drug users accounted for 12.8% of new infections in 2004–2006. The frequency of heterosexually‐transmitted infections consistently increased until 2000 (from almost none to 51.5%) remaining stable afterwards. About half of heterosexual patients were females. HIV infections among homosexual men increased from 0% in 1980–1982 to 15–21% between 1998 and 2006. Overall, the frequency of non‐B subtypes HIV strains increased from 0% in 1980–1982 to 20.3% in 2004–2006 with a greater impact in heterosexuals (from 0% in 1980–1982 to 30.5% in 2004–2006). In conclusion, a picture of the changing scenario of circulating HIV types and subtypes in a reference Infectious Diseases centre in Northern Italy over the past 26 years is provided. A progressive modification in risk factors for HIV infection and a significant increase in the frequency of non‐B HIV strains were observed. J. Med. Virol. 80:947–952, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Analysis of the entire nucleotide sequence of hepatitis B causing consecutive cases of fatal fulminant hepatitis in Miyagi Prefecture Japan
Authors: Nagasaki Futoshi , Ueno Yoshiyuki , Niitsuma Hirofumi , Inoue Jun , Kogure Takayuki , Fukushima Koji , Kobayashi Koju , Shimosegawa Tooru 
Published: April 2008

AbstractWe encountered five consecutive patients with fulminant hepatitis induced by acute hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in 2000–2001 in Japan. They had not had previous contact each other, and were referred to us from different hospitals. Although a 69‐year‐old woman could be rescued by intensive internal treatment, the four patients died. We analyzed the partial (nt 278–646) and entire nucleotide sequences of the HBV obtained from them, and their divergences were 0–0.3% and 0–0.2%, respectively. The results suggested that they had been infected with the same HBV isolates. The isolates belonged to genotype B and subgenotype B2 on the phylogenetic tree analysis (AB302942–AB302946). As for the nucleotides sequences of them, previously reported mutations of G1896A, A1762T, and G1764A were present. Amino acid analysis revealed that previously reported Ile97Leu and Pro130Non‐Pro in the core region and Trp28Stop in the precore region were present. As for the entire nucleotide sequences among B2, AB302942 showed low divergences with AF121245 and AB073834 (1.7%), and X97850 from patients with fulminant hepatitis (3.2%). We compared the two consensus nucleotides derived from AB302942 and X97850 (fulminant hepatitis) versus AY121245 and AB073834 (non‐fulminant hepatitis), which revealed a difference in nt 1,504 located in the P and X region. Nucleotide 1,504 was C for isolates from fulminant hepatitis and G for non‐fulminant hepatitis, and it was recognized among most of the isolates belonging to B2 registered on GenBank. Further studies could disclose the mechanism of severe inflammation of liver that finally leads to fulminant hepatitis. J. Med. Virol. 80:967–973, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Impaired cytokine response in myeloid dendritic cells in chronic hepatitis C virus infection regardless of enhanced expression of Toll‐like receptors and retinoic acid inducible gene‐I
Authors: Miyazaki Masanori , Kanto Tatsuya , Inoue Michiyo , Itose Ichiyo , Miyatake Hideki , Sakakibara Mitsuru , Yakushijin Takayuki , Kakita Naruyasu , Hiramatsu Naoki , Takehara Tetsuo , Kasahara Akinori , Hayashi Norio 
Published: April 2008

AbstractDendritic cells utilize various sets of Toll‐like receptors (TLR) or cytosolic sensors to detect pathogens and evoke immune responses. In patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, a higher prevalence of various infectious diseases is reported; suggesting that innate immunity against pathogens is impaired. The aim of this study was to clarify whether the TLR and retinoic acid inducible gene‐I (RIG‐I) system in myeloid dendritic cells is preserved or not in chronic HCV infection. The expression of TLRs, RIG‐I and its relatives were compared in myeloid dendritic cells between 39 patients and 52 healthy volunteers. The induction of type‐I interferon (IFN) and inflammatory cytokines was examined in response to agonists for TLR2 (palmitoyl‐3‐cysteine‐serine‐lysine‐4), TLR3/RIG‐I (polyinosine–polycytidylic acid) or TLR4 (lipopolysaccharide). The relative expressions of TLR2, TLR4, RIG‐I, and LGP2 from the patients were significantly higher than those from the volunteers, whereas TLR3 and MDA‐5 expressions did not differ. In search for factors regulating TLR/RIG‐I expression, it was shown that IFN‐α, polyinosine–polycytidylic acid and lipopolysaccharide induced TLR3, TLR4 and RIG‐I, but TNF‐α, HCV core or HCV non‐structural proteins did not. For the functional analyses, myeloid dendritic cells from the patients induced significantly less amounts of IFN‐β, TNF‐α and IL‐12p70 in response to polyinosine–polycytidylic acid or lipopolysaccharide. It is noteworthy that the expression of TRIF and TRAF6, which are essential adaptor molecules transmitting TLR3 or TLR4‐dependent signals, is reduced in the patients. Thus, innate cytokine responses in myeloid dendritic cells are impaired regardless of enhanced expressions of TLR2, TLR4, and RIG‐I in HCV infection. J. Med. Virol. 80:980–988, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Predictive factors for cytomegalovirus reactivation in cytomegalovirus‐seropositive kidney‐transplant patients
Authors: Kamar Nassim , Mengelle Catherine , Esposito Laure , Guitard Joëlle , Mehrenberger Marion , Lavayssière Laurence , Ribes David , Cointault Olivier , Durand Dominique , Izopet Jacques , Rostaing Lionel 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe aims of the present study were to assess the incidence of cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation, and to determine the predictive factors for CMV reactivation in CMV seropositive kidney‐transplant patients. One hundred ninety CMV seropositive kidney‐transplant patients were included in this study; of these, 39 patients had received CMV prophylaxis. CMV DNAemia was assessed by real‐timepolymerase chain reaction assay every 2 weeks until day 120, then every 3–4 weeks until day 180, and then every month until day 365. One hundred seven patients (56.3%) had at least one positive CMV DNAemia within the first year. The time between renal transplantation and the first positive CMV DNAemia was 59 ± 5 days. The number of positive CMV DNAemia/patient was 3.28 ± 0.22. CMV viral load at first positive CMV DNAemia was 704 (10–742,000) copies/ml. The donor CMV seropositivity, the absence of CMV prophylaxis, and the occurrence of acute rejection before CMV reactivation were independent factors associated with CMV reactivation within the first year after kidney transplantation. Hence, CMV reactivation is frequent after kidney transplantation. CMV prophylaxis in CMV seropositive kidney‐transplant patients should be offered to avoid CMV‐related side‐effects. J. Med. Virol. 80:1012–1017, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Therapy with interferon‐α and ribavirin for chronic hepatitis C virus infection upregulates membrane HLA‐ABC, CD86, and CD28 on peripheral blood mononuclear cells
Authors: Cheng Pin‐Nan , Wei Ya‐Ling , Chang Ting‐Tsung , Chen Jiann‐Shiuh , Young Kung‐Chia 
Published: April 2008

AbstractMultiple interferon‐stimulated genes (ISGs) involving T‐cell activation are upregulated during initial interferon‐α‐based therapy for chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. However, the long‐term impact on therapeutic outcome in patients remains unknown. In this study, the effects of anti‐HCV therapy on the surface ex‐pression of HLA‐ABC, CD86, and CD28 were longitudinally assessed. These proteins are integral membrane receptors of antigen presentation and triggering of costimulatory signals for activating CD8+ T cells. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were collected at baseline and post‐treatment for 1 day, and 2, 4, 12, and 24 weeks, respectively. This treatment led to a time‐related elevation of membrane levels of HLA‐ABC and CD86 on B‐cells and monocytes in patients with a sustained response (n = 23), but not in those without (n = 8). Meanwhile, upregulation of CD28 on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells was comparable in both groups of sustained responders and non‐responders. Steady increases in the B cells' surface and intracellular HLA‐ABC were observed, thus, the surface‐to‐intracellular ratios did not alter over the period of treatment. Furthermore, multivariate analysis shows that increased HLA‐ABC on monocytes by week 12 correlates significantly with sustained response (P = 0.033). In conclusion, differential modulation of T‐cell activation ISGs, such as HLA‐ABC and CD86 might correlate with the outcome of interferon‐α‐based therapy in chronic hepatitis C patients. J. Med. Virol. 80:989–996, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Clinical impact of human metapneumovirus genotypes and genotype‐specific seroprevalence in Yamagata, Japan
Authors: Matsuzaki Yoko , Itagaki Tsutomu , Abiko Chieko , Aoki Yoko , Suto Asuka , Mizuta Katsumi 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe clinical impact of human metapneumovirus (hMPV) genotypes and the relation between the hMPV genotype in circulation and genotype‐specific seroprevalence are yet to be clarified. We determined the genotypes of 93 hMPV strains that were isolated between 2004 and 2006 in Yamagata, Japan, and identified 35 genotype A2, 14 genotype B1, and 44 genotype B2 isolates. Children infected with genotype A2 hMPV were significantly older than those infected with genotype B1 hMPV. Diagnosis of laryngitis was more common in children with genotype B1 hMPV infection and wheezing was more prevalent in children with genotype B1 and B2 hMPV infection than in those with genotype A2 hMPV infection. We then examined genotype‐specific seroprevalence by neutralization assay. The higher seropositive rate for the B2 genotype among the children aged 1–2 years is likely to reflect the outbreak of B2 genotype strains in the previous year in this community. The low seropositive rate for the B1 genotype among children aged 1–2 years appears to be associated with a finding that more than 70% of children infected with the B1 genotype were less than 3 years old. In conclusion, we found that the different clinical characteristics of hMPV infection may be associated with hMPV genotype, and the predominant genotype during a season and the affecting age may be closely related to genotype‐specific immune status within a community. J. Med. Virol. 80:1084–1089, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Molecular epidemiological study of HEV‐B enteroviruses involved in the increase in meningitis cases occurred in Spain during 2006
Authors: Cabrerizo María , Echevarria Juan E. , González Irene , de Miguel Teresa , Trallero Gloria 
Published: April 2008

AbstractHuman enteroviruses are one of the main etiological agents of aseptic meningitis and other central nervous system infections, particularly the serotypes included in the enterovirus B species. Molecular methods have proved useful to identify serotypes in clinical samples, facilitating the epidemiological study of these viruses. In the spring of 2006, there was a significant increase in meningitis cases caused by enteroviruses in Spain. In the present study, 138 enteroviruses directly detected in clinical samples of patients with aseptic meningitis (n = 116) and other neurological pathologies (n = 22) received by the National Center for Microbiology during the year, were genotyped by amplification and sequencing part of the VP1 region and phylogenetic analysis. Echovirus 30 was the most frequent serotype, followed in decreasing order by echovirus 6, 9, 13, 18, enterovirus 75, coxsackievirus A9, echovirus 11, 14, 29, 4, and coxsackievirus B4 and B5. Phylogenetic analysis with all Spanish echovirus 30 strains detected in 2006 and other reported echovirus 30 sequences, demonstrated that Spanish strains formed a new lineage, different from others previously described. In conclusion, echovirus 30 is the most commonly reported enterovirus serotype associated with aseptic meningitis in Spain. Direct molecular typing of clinical samples also allows rapid identification of the serotypes involved in an epidemic alert and phylogenetic analysis in the 3′‐VP1 region is useful to study viral epidemiology. J. Med. Virol. 80:1018–1024, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Development of RNA interference (RNAi) as potential antiviral strategy against enterovirus 70
Authors: Tan Eng Lee , Marcus Kah Fai Ho , Poh Chit Laa 
Published: April 2008

AbstractEnterovirus 70 (EV70) is recognized as the main causative agent of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (AHC), a highly contagious viral infection of the eye. Currently, there is no available treatment for EV70 infections. In this study, we developed a potential intervention strategy using RNA interference (RNAi) against EV70 infection in an in vitro system. Two synthetic 19‐mer siRNAs, si‐3D1 and si‐3D2, were designed to target the 3Dpol region of the EV70 genome. Significant dosage dependent inhibition of EV70 in rhabdomyosarcoma cell line, as shown by reduction of viral RNA and VP1 production, was observed. Both siRNAs prevented EV70 replication in RD cells when transfected into these cells 48 hr prior to virus infection. Introduction of these siRNAs into RD cells 1–3 hr after infection with EV70 reduced production of viral RNA by approximately 60%. Thus, RNAi is a promising strategy to prevent EV70 infections and may have therapeutic potential. J. Med. Virol. 80:1025–1032, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Metalworking emulsions from industrial vegetable oils
Authors: Jain Anuj , Bisht R. P. S. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractIn the present work, an attempt has been made to develop the indigenous formulation for metalworking lubricants by replacing mineral oils partially with non‐edible industrial oils like rapeseed and karanja oil. Metalworking formulations consist of vegetable oil, mineral oil, an emulsifier and commercial additives for better performance. Non‐edible vegetable oils such as karanja and rapeseeds are renewable, biodegradable and cheaper than synthetic fluids. The constituent vegetable oils and mineral oils were evaluated for physico‐chemical characteristics and blended as per the saponification value and viscosity requirements of the reference oils. The so formulated oils are taken as 5% oil‐in‐water emulsion and tested for lubricity, load bearing capacity, particle size distribution, wear test, weld load test and plate‐out test. Performance of all formulated oils was compared with that of the reference oils, and optimized to meet the market requirements. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography method for the determination of ascorbic acid
Authors: Nováková Lucie , Solichová Dagmar , Pavlovičová Soňa , Solich Petr 
Published: April 2008

AbstractHydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) method using internal standard for the determination and stability study of ascorbic acid was developed. HILIC method was very fast and simple using the following analytical conditions: ZIC HILIC (150×2.1 mm, 3.5 μm) chromatographic column and mobile phase composed of ACN and 50 mM ammonium acetate buffer pH 6.8 (78:22 v/v). Diode array detection was performed and chromatograms were processed at 268 nm, the maximum wavelength of absorbance of ascorbic acid. An extensive stability study of ascorbic acid as a function of various factors including temperature, stabilizing agents, oxygen presence and its concentration in solution was performed in order to gain information about the quantitative influence of individual stability factors. Low temperature and stabilizing agents (o‐phosphoric acid and oxalic acid) were found to be key factors enabling substantial enhancement of the stability of ascorbic acid.
Synthesis of a polyrotaxane‐based macroporous polymer as stationary phase for capillary electrochromatography via host–guest complexation of N,N ′‐ethylenedianilinediacrylamide with statistically methylated β‐cyclodextrin
Authors: Wahl Annika , Al‐Rimawi Fuad , Schnell Ingo , Kornysova Olga , Maruska Audrius , Pyell Ute 
Published: April 2008

AbstractA synthetic route to acrylamide‐based monolithic stationary phases for CEC with rotaxane‐type immobilized derivatized β‐CD was explored. N,N′‐Ethylenedianilinediacrylamide was synthesized as the water‐insoluble crosslinker forming water‐soluble inclusion complexes with statistically methylated β‐CD. Mixed‐mode stationary phases were synthesized by free radical copolymerization of the bisacrylamide‐CD host–guest complex with water‐soluble monomers and an additional water‐soluble crosslinker in aqueous solution. Complex formation in solution and inclusion of the pseudorotaxane into the polymeric network (formation of a polyrotaxane architecture) were studied by means of 1H‐NMR chemical shift analysis, CD modified micellar EKC (CD‐MEKC), 2D‐NOESY spectroscopy, and solid state 13C‐NMR spectroscopy. The presence of a mixed‐mode selectivity of the stationary phase based on hydrophobic and hydrophilic interaction was confirmed by CEC with neutral polar and nonpolar solutes.
HILIC for separation of co‐eluted flavonoids under RP‐HPLC mode
Authors: Zhang Hui , Guo Zhimou , Zhang Feifang , Xu Qing , Liang Xinmiao 
Published: April 2008

AbstractHydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) was employed to separate the co‐eluted flavonoids from licorice extract under RP‐HPLC mode. HILIC separations were carried out with the Atalantis HILIC Silica column and the CD‐based column. The co‐eluted flavonoids were well retained and separated on the two HILIC columns under HILIC mode. Similar results were obtained in the separation of another isoflavones sample, from kudzu extract under HILIC mode.
Chain Expulsion out of Dense Polymer Brushes
Authors: Merlitz Holger , He Gui‐Li , Sommer Jens‐Uwe , Wu Chen‐Xu 
Published: April 2008

AbstractLangevin dynamics simulations are used to study the expulsion of single chains out of dense polymer brushes in a good solvent. The dynamic scaling model is able to correctly predict certain features of the expulsion process, but it fails to describe details of the time‐resolved dynamics of monomers. The center of mass velocity of the moving chain is not strictly constant but accelerating during the expulsion process. The driving force of the expulsion process, the (negative) vertical gradient of the brush density profile, undergoes a qualitative change when the brush profile is transformed from a parabolic to a box‐like profile at high densities.magnified image
Automatic passive tracking of an endorectal prostate biopsy device using phase‐only cross‐correlation
Authors: de Oliveira André , Rauschenberg Jaane , Beyersdorff Dirk , Semmler Wolfhard , Bock Michael 
Published: April 2008

AbstractMR‐guided transrectal prostate biopsy is currently a time‐consuming procedure because the imaging slice is often manually realigned with the biopsy needle during lesion targeting. In this work a pulse sequence is presented that automatically follows a passive marker attached to a dedicated MR biopsy device holder, thus providing an alternative to existing active tracking methods. In two orthogonal tracking FLASH images of the marker the position of the needle axis is automatically identified using a phase‐only cross‐correlation (POCC) algorithm. The position information is then used to realign a trueFISP imaging slice in real time. In phantom experiments the sensitivity of this technique to initial misalignments of the marker and to the signal‐to‐noise ratio was evaluated. In several puncture experiments the precision of the needle placement was analyzed. The POCC algorithm allowed for a precise identification of the marker in the images even under severe initial misalignments of up to 45°. At a frame rate 1 image/s a precision of the needle placement of 1.5 ± 1.1 mm could be achieved. Magn Reson Med 59:1043–1050, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Toward improved grading of malignancy in oligodendrogliomas using metabolomics
Authors: Erb G. , Elbayed K. , Piotto M. , Raya J. , Neuville A. , Mohr M. , Maitrot D. , Kehrli P. , Namer I.J. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractIn spite of having been the object of considerable attention, the histopathological grading of oligodendrogliomas is still controversial. The determination of reliable biomarkers capable of improving the malignancy grading remains an essential step in working toward better therapeutic management of patients. Therefore the metabolome of 34 human brain biopsies, histopathologically classified as low‐grade (LGO, N = 10) and high‐grade (HGO, N = 24) oligodendrogliomas, was studied using high‐resolution magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (HRMAS NMR) and multivariate statistical analysis. The classification model obtained afforded a clear distinction between LGOs and HGOs and provided some useful insights into the different metabolic pathways that underlie malignancy grading. The analysis of the most discriminant metabolites in the model revealed the presence of tumoral hypoxia in HGOs. The statistical model was then used to study biopsy samples that were classified as intermediate oligodendrogliomas (N = 6) and glioblastomas (GBMs) (N = 30) by histopathology. The results revealed a gradient of tumoral hypoxia increasing in the following direction: LGOs, intermediate oligodendrogliomas, HGOs, and GBMs. Moreover upon analysis of the clinical evolution of the patients, the metabolic classification seems to provide a closer correlation with the actual patient evolution than the histopathological analysis. Magn Reson Med 59:959–965, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
In vitro labeling of glioma cells with gadofluorine M enhances T1 visibility without affecting glioma cell growth or motility
Authors: Nolte Ingo S. , Gungor Sevil , Erber Ralf , Plaxina Elena , Scharf Johann , Misselwitz Bernd , Gerigk Lars , Przybilla Heike , Groden Christoph , Brockmann Marc A. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractGadofluorine is a novel macrocyclic, amphiphilic gadolinium‐based contrast agent. We found that malignant glioma cells could be labeled in vitro using Gadofluorine without the need for transfection agents or any other additional means. Labeling with Gadofluorine enhanced the visualization of glioma cells in T1‐weighted sequences, even if the cells had been cultured in medium without Gadofluorine over several days. The intracellular uptake of Gadofluorine was measured and the loss of relevant amounts of Gadofluorine into the cell culture medium was ruled out by MRI. Confocal laser fluorescence microscopy revealed Cy‐5‐labeled Gadofluorine in the perinuclear cytoplasmic region, but neither within the nucleus nor bound to the cell membrane. Adverse effects of cellular Gadofluorine uptake were ruled out by proliferation and migration assays. Finally, in vivo analyses provided good visibility of labeled glioma cells in T1‐weighted sequences after intracerebral injection in mice for more than 2 weeks. We thus conclude that Gadofluorine can easily be used to label glioma cells in vitro without affecting glioma cell biology. Gadofluorine provides an interesting alternative for cellular labeling if iron oxide particles are incorporated insufficiently by target cells or if the vicinity of susceptibility artifacts prohibits the use of signal‐decreasing contrast agents. Magn Reson Med 59:1014–1020, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.