bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Die Stabilisierung von Cyanocobalamin in Injektionslösungen in Gegenwart von Aneurin
Authors: Gstirner F. , Baveja S. K. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractVersuche ergaben, daß die Pyrimidin‐Komponente des Aneurins, besonders in Verbindung mit einem Phosphatpuffer, ein ausgezeichneter Stabilisator für Cyanocobalamin in Gegenwart von Aneurin und Nikotinsäureamid ist. Es wird damit eine Haltbarkeit sowohl der Lösungen mit 0,1 und 0,05% Cyanocobalamin als auch mit nur 0,01% Cyanocobalamin nach 6wöchiger Lagerung bei 37° erreicht, die einer Haltbarkeit von etwa 2 Jahren bei Raumtemperatur von 20 bis 24° entspricht. Die Haltbarkeit erstreckt sich nicht nur auf den Cyanocobalamin‐Gehalt, sondern auch auf die Farbe der Lösung. Bei Lagerung im Kühlschrank von 1 bis 5° kann mit einer noch längeren Haltbarkeit gerechnet werden. Mit der Pyrimidin‐Komponente und mit Phosphatpuffer wird somit die stabilisierende Wirkung des Kaliumrhodanids, besonders in der Lösung mit nur 0,01% Cyanocobalamin, weit übertroffen.
Zur Analytik einiger Alkaloide von Catharanthus roseus G. Don syn. Vinca rosea L.
Authors: Gröger D. , Stolle K. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractCatharanthus roseus G. Don enthält etwa 65 Indolalkaloide. Es werden dünnschichtchromatographische Methoden beschrieben, die es gestatten, einige monomere Hauptalkaloide zu trennen. Für die quantitative kolorimetrische Bestimmung von Vindolin, Vindorosin und Vindolinin wird ein Verfahren angegeben, das auf der oxydativen Umsetzung der Alkaloide mit Cer(IV)‐sulfat in Phosphorsäure beruht. Catharanthin läßt sich mit der Tropäolin‐Methode bestimmen.
Darstellung von Hydroxylactamen durch Quecksilber(II)‐ÄDTA‐Dehydrierung. 5. Mitt.: Umsetzung substituierter Piperidinderivate
Authors: Möhrle H. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractDurch Aminolyse von Styroloxid mit γ‐ und α‐Pipecolin werden die entsprechenden Aminoalkohole III und V hergestellt. Während die Quecksilber‐(II)‐ÄDTA‐Dehydrierung von III das erwartete Lactam IV liefert, entsteht aus V bei derselben Reaktion in der Hauptsache die entsprechende Imoniumverbindung bzw. das Enamin VII und nur in geringem Maße ein Lactam. Diese Befunde lassen Schlüsse auf die Reaktionsform bei dem Aminoalkohol Cevin in der Quecksilber(II)‐ÄDTA‐Dehydrierung zu.
Dehydrierung von tertiären Aminen mit Hg(II)‐ÄDTA. 10. Mitt.: 1‐Spirocycloalkan‐tetrahydroisochinoline
Authors: Knabe J. , Kubitz J. , Roloff H. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractDie 1‐Spirocycloalkan‐tetrahydroisochinoline IIa und IIb lassen sich mit Hg(II)‐ÄDTA nicht dehydrieren, weil der Spiranring den Angriff des Dehydrierungsmittels am Stickstoff verhindert. IV, das man formal durch Ringöffnung aus IIb ableiten kann, reagiert dagegen sehr leicht mit Hg(II)‐ÄDTA.
Darstellung von Hydroxylactamen durch Quecksilber(II)‐ÄDTA‐Dehydrierung. 6. Mitt.: Umsetzung von 1‐Phenyl‐2‐(3′‐methylpiperidino)‐äthanol‐(1)
Authors: Möhrle H. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractDie Quecksilber(II)‐ÄDTA‐Dehydrierung von 1‐Phenyl‐2‐(3′‐methylpiperidino)‐äthanol‐(1) (I) liefert N‐(2‐Phenyl‐2‐hydroxyäthyl)‐5‐methyl‐piperidon‐(2) (III). Dies wird durch die Synthese der in Frage kommenden methylsubstituierten δ‐Valerolactame III und IV und den Verleich der N‐Phenylcarbamate gesichert.
Über γ‐Alkylidentetronsäuren. 2. Mitt.
Authors: Stachel H.‐D. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractAus Dinatrium‐Salzen von Ketipinsäure‐Derivaten mit Alkylhalogeniden erhält man α‐alkylierte γ‐Alkylidentetronsäuren. Es wird über den Strukturbeweis, die optischen Eigenschaften sowie die Herstellung einiger Derivate der neuen Verbindungen berichtet.
Die Analytik von α‐Dimethoxy‐methyl‐β‐methoxy‐propionitril, einer Zwischenstufe der Thiaminsynthese
Authors: Sterescu M. , Aftalion H. , Ionescu M. , Cilianu St. , Rogozea I. , Ioan C. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractEs wurden chemische und IR‐spektrophotometrische Methoden zum Nachweis und zur Bestimmung von α‐Dialkoxy‐methyl‐β‐propionitril, cis‐und trans‐α‐Alkoxy‐methylen‐β‐alkoxy‐propionitril und α‐Dialkoxy‐methylen‐acrylonitril ausgearbeitet. Mit den neuen Methoden wurden die Formylierung von β‐Alkoxy‐propionitril und die anschließende Methylierung des gebildeten Enols mit Dimethylsulfat untersucht.α‐Dimethoxy‐methyl‐β‐methoxy‐propionitril wurde in reiner Form dargestellt und charakterisiert.
Studien an N‐Glycosylchinolonen
Authors: Mustafa A. , Mansour A. K. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractN‐(2,3,4,6‐Tetra‐O‐acetyl‐D‐glucopyranose‐1‐yl)‐chinolon‐2 (I) wurde aus 2‐Methoxychinolin und Acetobromglucose gewonnen.Einwirkung von Ammoniaklösung ergab Carbostyril und Glucose. Die Spektren von I werden diskutiert.
Zwei neue Chalkonpigmente aus Helichrysum bracteatum (Vent.) Willd
Authors: Rimpler H. , Hänsel R. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractAus dem Hüllblättern einer gelben Sorte von Helichrysum bracteatum (Vent.) Willd. wurden zwei neue Chalkonglykoside isoliert. Beim Pigment A handelt es sich um das 2′,3,4,4′6′‐Pentahydroxychalkon‐2′‐glucosid, bei Pigment B um das 2′,3,4,4′,5,6′‐Hexahydroxychalkon‐2′‐glucosid. Beide Verbindungen wurden erstmalig synthetisiert; die natürlichen und die synthetischen Verbindungen erwiesen sich als identisch.
Über Mutterkornfarbstoffe. 4. Mitt.: Alkaloid‐Farbstoff‐Komplexe aus Mutterkorn
Authors: Kornhauser A. , Perpar M. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractDas hauptsächlich Ergometrin enthaltende jugoslawische Mutterkorn hat einen hohen Gehalt an gelben Farbstoffen. Aus Petrolätherextrakten wurden Alkaloid‐Farbstoff‐Komplexe isoliert. Ihre Schmelzpunkte liegen niedriger als die der Farbstoffe und rechtsdrehenden Alkaloide; sie geben mit van Urk‐Reagens keine Blaufärbung; im UV‐Spektrum haben sie Maxima bei 270 und 336 mμ, die IR‐Spektren zeigen HO bzw. HN, H3C, H2C und freie und chelierte CO‐Gruppen an.Die Komplexe wurden durch Elektrophorese und Chromatographie in ihre Komponenten zerlegt. Es wurden Ergometrin neben wenig Ergotamin, Ergochrysin, Ergoflavin und ein bisher unbekannter Farbstoff mit intensiv gelber Fluoreszenz nachgewiesen.
Das Mechanismusproblem in der Physiologie des 19. Jahrhunderts
Authors: Rudolph Gerhard 
Published: October 2006

AbstractMechanicism and organicism (vitalism) are two basic positions in the study of life processes. They can be reduced in a simplifying manner to a scheme Demokritos‐mechanism‐causality and Aristotle‐organism‐finality. The essentially mechanistic thought of the enlightenment lost all its influence in Germany through the speculative tendencies of natural philosophy. For the physiology between 1780 and 1840 physics and chemistry became only auxiliary sciences applicable to some special problems (Merkel, Rudolphi, Tiedemann, Johannes Müller). In the middle of the 19th century ‐ after remarkable attempts of the brothers Weber (1825, 1827) ‐ comes a complete change in the direction of physico‐mechanistic research. The first representative textbook of a quantitative‐measuring physiology is that of G. G. Valentin (1844). Decisive for the development of modern physiological science is the discovery of the laws of thermodynamics (Mayer, Joule, Helmholtz, Clausius, Boltzmann) demonstrating the same forces acting in organic and inorganic processes. The transformation of physiology into a physico‐mechanistic science is due in the first instance to du Bois‐Reymond, Ludwig, Brücke and Helmholtz who formulated the new program and controbuted by their results so that physiology would be recognized as an exact natural science. The intellectual situation in France (Dutrochet, Poiseuille, Claude Bernard) can be parallelised. The „biological philosophy”︁ of A. Comte, however, demands peculiar attention. The next generation (L. Hermann, R. Heidenhain, A. Fick, J. Bernstein) helps to consolidate modern physiology, which incorporates physical chemistry (1887) as its most recent branch. The mechanistic necessity leads namely A. Fick and H. Helmholtz to a new philosophical understanding of physical reality. The contribution of the 19th century to mechanize the experimental life sciences made from physiology an autonomous science no longer directed by pure utility and which escaped from the tutorage of medicine.
Das Modell der Naturwissenschaft in der Psychiatrie im Übergang vom 19. zum 20. Jahrhundert
Authors: Schmitt Wolfram 
Published: October 2006

AbstractDuring the second half of 19th century, psychiatry developped into a natural science as a part of medicine. Towards the end of the century, the medical model of mental illness got into a crisis which led to a restriction of somatopathological explanation of psychopathological phenomena, an accentuation of empirical and psychological description of the clinical facts, and a reception of phenomenology and psychoanalysis into psychiatry. Thus, the idea of mental illness as an etio‐pathogenetical and symptomatical unit, based on a cerebral alteration or process, has been given up in favour of clinical types or syndroms of mental disorder without a close connexion with an organic substratum. In consequence of these trends, the modern pluralistic concept of mental illness has been established.
Evolutionsmodelle in der Erklärung menschlicher Denkstrukturen im 19. Jahrhundert
Authors: Wuketits Franz M. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractSince the 19th century the theory of evolution has been the guide not only of biological research, but of the explanation of man's psychic and mental abilities, too. In particular Herbert Spencer's and Charles Darwin's works gave rise to an evolutionary view of human mind (evolutionary psychology). This view was generalized to the explanation of epistemic structures like science and was adopted by many philosophers and scientists, e. g. Boltzmann, Mach, and others. Under the influence of Darwin's theory of natural selection a selective elimination model was established in order to explain epistemic activities. Thus, in the 19th century we find expressed the basic ideas of today's evolutionary epistemology. The modern evolutionary theory of (human) knowledge therefore turns out to be the more precise and elaborated formulation of the fundamental postulates of an evolutionary psychology.
Emigrierte deutsche Historiker in den USA
Authors: Walther Peter Th. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractGerman Refugee Historians in the United States. ‐ After the Nazi seizure of power in 1933, some twenty historians left Germany. They had lost their academic positions for political and/or „racial”︁ reasons. Most of them immigrated to the United States, and here they launched their second academic career. This intellectual immigration promoted the study of German and intellectual history and strengthened the development of comparative approaches in American historical scholarship. Many German refugee historians became interested in incorporating social science concepts into historical writing and thereby contributed to the advancement of a „Social History of Ideas.”︁ Although some were originally skeptical of the democratic process, in emigration these historians absorbed and accepted the political value system of a democratic and liberal republic, a change that is reflected in their historical studies. Despite the fact that almost all refugee historians chose to stay in the United States, their books and guest professorships left their mark on the course of West German historiography.
Österreichische Ärzteemigration 1934‐1945 ‐ Zwischen neuem Tätigkeitsgebiet und organisierten Rückkehrplänen
Authors: Hubenstorf Michael 
Published: October 2006

AbstractInformation on emigrant doctors and university teachers of medicine from Austria is rather poor up to now. This article is a preliminary sketch to give a first impression of the problems, quantity and quality of the doctors' emigration. First, there is made a distinction between different groups of emigrants, who emigrated at different times owing to the political changes in Austria (civil war and „Anschluß”︁). Then the emigration prior to the political set‐ups during the thirties is discussed. The assertion is made, that the reasons for emigrating during the twenties are very much the same than in later years. Hostility against Jews, socialists, democrats and foreigners made living and working conditions increasingly unbearable. Concerning the influence of emigrated scientists on science and learning in immigration countries some theoretical and clinical sub‐specialties of medicine are examined,e.g.social medicine, internal medicine, pharmacology, orthopedic surgery and child psychiatry. Whereas in some cases the influence is minimal,e.g.social medicine, other disciplines have been influenced enormously,e.g.child psychiatry. Finally there follows a short examination of the organisations of Austrian doctors and medical scientists in the United States and Great Britain.
Technische Intelligenz im Exil. Zum Einfluß emigrierter deutschsprachiger Ingenieure auf die Ingenieurwissenschaften in Großbritannien 1933 bis 1945
Authors: Mock Wolfgang 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThis article deals with the emigration and the experiences of the professional group of engineers in their British exile, trying to evaluate the influences these refugee engineers had on the British engineering science. The approach is not limited to engineering research at universities or technical colleges, but tries to include the aspect of research and development on the level of the firm. Limits and constraints of gaining influence in British engineering are discussed, such as different values and traditions as well as the different traditions in technical education and the role of the engineering graduate in industry. Finally attempts are made to establish some fields of engineering where an identifiable influence can be traced without exaggerating the general influence of these German speaking refugee engineers. Those identifiable fields are machine tools, fuel technology and district heating.
Die Astrologie der Antike
Authors: Hübner Wolfgang 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThis survey of classical astrology is in three parts: a) a summary of its rich and eventful history from the Babylonians to the Renaissance; b) the methods of calculation which remained the same throughout the period, based on the planets, the zodiac and the “twelve houses”; c) an analysis of astrological thought, which is quite different from any modern approach; providing a rigid interpretation of the universe, it granted confort and security. It presents a curious combination of religion and science: the physics is the one forwarded by the stoïcs, with an equal balance of the four elements, and the microcosmic economy within the soul representing the macrocosmic one; but such a determinism is in contradiction with the Stoics' sense of responsability which presupposes free will.
Reine und angewandte Chemie Die Entstehung einer neuen Wissenschaftskonzeption in der Chemie der Aufklärung
Authors: Meinel Christoph 
Published: October 2006

AbstractIn its attempt to achieve acknowledgement and support as a true science and academic discipline eighteenth‐century chemistry experienced that the traditional distinction between theory and practice, respectively between science and art, was an incriminating heritage and did not longer conform to the way chemists saw themselves. In order to substitute the former, socially judging classification into theoretical science and practical art, J. G. Wallerius from Uppsala coined the term pure and applied chemistry in 1751. The idea behind this new conception was that it ought to be chemistry's research aim and not the kind of work, be it manual or intellectual, which was to decide about its branches and their dignity. The change in orientation which took place during the eighteenth century, and which is symbolized by the new dichotomy “pure and applied”, led towards a revaluation of the utilitarian aspects of chemistry. Its historical roots reach back to a long and fruitful cooperation of, and interaction between chemistry and economy, which was reinforced by the Stahlian tradition in Germany and Scandinavia. Subsequently, it was its strong economic bias that helped chemistry to become institutionalized and accepted as an academic discipline distinct from the medico‐pharmaceutical profession. The analysis of this change of attitudes, behaviour and institutional pattern suggests that, at least during the period of institutionalization of this particular discipline, social structures and the intrinsic scientific contents are so tightly interrelated, that any division into “internal”, cognitive developments (facts, theory and subject‐matter) and “external” conditions (social context and stategies of institutionalization) would be artificial, since they both constitute the scientific community as a context of argumentation and action.
Synthesis of 14C‐labelled 4‐hydroperoxyisophosphamide, an effective antitumor agent
Authors: Nagasaki T. , Katsuyama Y. , Minato H. 
Published: October 2006

Abstract4‐Hydroperoxyisophosphamide (II), an effective antitumor agent has been labelled with carbon‐14. The carbon‐14 label was incorporated into the C‐6 position of the molecule to give (VII). The overall radiochemical yield was 4.4% based on barium carbonate‐14C. The labelled compound obtained was used for absorption and metabolism studies.
Synthesis of 14C‐desmethylene aldrin, desmethylene dieldrin and desmethylene aldrin cis and trans‐dihydrddiols
Authors: Walker Michael P. , McKinney James D. , Mudgal Vamanmurti G. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe synthesis of 14C‐desmethylene aldrin (I) from 14C‐Ul‐hexachloro cyclopentadiene and cyclohexa‐l,4‐diene via a Diels‐Alder reaction and its conversion to desmethylene dieldrin (II) and desmethylene cis (III) and trans (IV)‐dihydrodiols are described.
Synthese asymetrique de la D(+) amphetamine‐14C‐7 par l'intermediaire du benzyl‐2 methyl‐2 dithianne‐l,3
Authors: Pichat L. , Beaucourt J‐P. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractBenzyl chloride‐7‐14C is condensed with 2‐lithio 2‐methyl 1,3‐dithianes. Deprotection with cupric chloride‐copper oxide of the resulting 2‐benzyl 2‐methyl 1,3‐dithianes leads to 1‐phenyl‐2‐propanone‐1‐14C. The latter with L(‐)α‐methylbenzylamine in presence of molecuLar sieve gives rise to (‐)N‐(α‐phen‐ethyl)phenylisopropylimine which is catalytically reduced into the corresponding amine. Hydrogenolysis of this amine gives D(+) amphetamine‐7‐14C isolated as the sulfate with an overall yield of 10 % based on benzoic acid‐7‐14C specific activity: 27 mCi/mM.
A quantitative stereoselective synthesis of radiolabelled PGF2α from arachidonate or PGE2
Authors: Stone K. J. , Hart M. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA simple, efficient and relatively cheap procedure for synthesising radiolabelled PGF2α from arachidonate or PGE2 is described. The method exploits the stereospecific enzymatic reduction of PGE2 by PGE2‐9‐ketoreductase from rabbit renal cortex.
The synthesis of 18O multilabeled anhydrous nitric acid
Authors: Scott A. C. , McReynolds J. H. , Anbar M. 
Published: October 2006

Abstract18O‐multilabeled anhydrous nitric acid (89 atom % 18O) was prepared by exchange with H218O, neutralization with NH3, and distillation from methane sulfonic acid. The use of trifluoromethane sulfonic acid, sulfuric acid, and oleum was also investigated, but these acids were found unsuitable due to rapid oxygen exchange. The extent of exchange was. monitored by converting water to methanol, nitric acid to nitroanisole, and analyzing by field ionization mass spectrometry.
Synthesis of DL‐tyroslne‐2′‐t and tyramine‐2′‐t
Authors: Jeffs P. W. , Johns N. , Johnson D. B. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractLithiation of 4‐benzyloxy‐2‐bromotoluene and subsequent quenching of the lithiated product affords 4‐benzyloxytoluene‐2‐t which is oxidized directly to 4‐benzyloxybenzaldehyde‐2‐t with ceric ammonium nitrate. Transformation of the aldehyde 6 by standard procedures affords DL‐tyrosine‐2′‐t and tyramine‐2′‐t.
Synthesis of cyclopropyl cyanide‐2,2‐d2
Authors: Edwardsiii William B. , Glenn David F. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA convenient method for the synthesis of cyclopropyl cyanide‐2,2‐d2 has been elaborated. Reduction of methyl 3‐cyanopropionate with lithium borodeuteride followed by reaction of the resulting alcohol with triphenylphosphine and carbon tetrachloride gave 4‐chlorobutyronitrile‐4,4‐d2. Conversion of the chloride to the iodide with sodium iodide followed by cyclization with sodium hydride afforded cyclopropyl cyanide‐2,2‐d2 in 30% overall yield with deuterium incorporation of > 95%.
Synthesis and N‐methylation of β‐14C‐p‐chloroamphetamine hydrochloride
Authors: Burrows Elizabeth P. , Sanders‐Bush Elaine , Sekerke H. Joseph , Smith Howard E. 
Published: October 2006

Abstractβ‐14C‐p‐Chloroamphetamine hydrochloride was prepared by condensation of carbonyl‐14C‐p‐chlorobenzaldehyde with nitroethane followed by lithium aluminum hydride (LAH) reduation of the resulting chloro‐phenylnitropropene. After purfication the overall yield was about 25%. N‐Methyl‐ and N,N‐dimethyl‐ β‐ 14C‐p‐chloroamphetamine were prepared, respectively, by LAH reduction of N‐carbobenzoxy – β‐14 C‐ p‐chlorpamphetamine and by reductive (Eschweiler‐Clarke methylation of β‐14C‐ p‐ Chlolroamphetamine.
Synthese von [14C] propiramfumarat
Authors: Maul W. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractPropiramfumarat ist ein neues, stark wirksames und zugleich gut verträgliches Analgetlkum. Für die Untersuchung der Biotransformation und Pharmakokinetik dieser Substanz bei Mensch und Tier wurde 14C‐markiertes Propiramfumarat benötigt. Die Synthese ging aus von Barium‐[14C]carbonat (10 mMol; 279 mCi) und führte über folgende Stufen: wasserfreie [1‐14C]Propionsäure, 2‐Brom‐[1‐14C]propionylbromid, N‐>;2‐Brom‐[1‐14C]propionyl>‐piperidin, das mit Aminopyridin und Natriumamid zu N‐<2‐2‐Pyridylamino>‐[1‐14C]propionyl〉‐piperidin umgesetzt wurde. Die Reduktion mit Lithiumaluminiumhydrid lieferte 2‐<N‐(1‐Methyl‐2‐Piperidino‐[2‐14C]äthyl)‐amino>‐pyridin, dae zu N‐(1‐methyl‐2‐piperidino‐[2‐14C]ethyl)‐N‐(2‐pyridyl)‐propionamide acyliert wurde. Die Gesamtausbeute an markierter Base betrug 49 %. Das Fumarat dieser Verbindung (Propiramfumarat) hatte eine spezifische Aktivität von 67 Microcuries/mg und eine radiochemische Reinheit van mehr als 99 %.
A high yield synthesis of C‐14‐ring‐labeled and C‐14‐methyl‐labeled N‐methyl‐N‐nitrosoaniline
Authors: Grandjean C. J. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA synthetic procedure for C‐14‐labeled N‐methyl‐N‐nitrosoaniline is presented. Separate labeling of the methyl and phenyl side chains was achieved by using C‐14‐labeled methyl iodide and aniline, respectively. The overall yield of the four reactions was 62% and the final products were stable as stored and chemically and radiochemically pure.
Non specificite de marquage dans le cas de tritiation par deshalogenatlon catalytique: Cas de la papaverine
Authors: Devillers J. , Winand M. , Bettens B. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractLe marquage au tritium de la papavérine par déshalogénation catalytique de la monobromopapavérine conduit à un produit dont la radioactivité spécifique est de 43 Ci/mM. Nos résultats ont montré que seulement 49 % de cette radioactivité résultent de la substitution du brome par le tritium; 46 % sont localisés dans le groupe méthyléne tandis que les 5 % restants sont répartis sur les autres positions.
Synthesis of 14C‐labelled 2,4,‐diamino‐5‐phenylthiazole hydrochloride (amiphenazole)
Authors: Adams Jeffrey G. , Nicholls Paul J. , Williams Hywel 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe synthesis of 2,4‐diamino‐5‐phenylthiazole hydrochloride labelled with carbon – 14 in the 2‐position has been effected whereby the 14C‐label was introduced in the last step. The overall yields were 34.5% (gravimetrically) and 32.8% (radiochemically).