bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“The state is something that disappoints”: legal consciousness amid institutional dissatisfaction
Authors: Feddersen Mayra , Wilenmann Javier , Cavieres Julia , Gambardella Maite 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThrough the lens of legal consciousness, this paper analyzes institutional dissatisfaction within the backdrop of profound skepticism directed at formal institutions, particularly within the context of post-October 2019 Chilean society. It aims at inquiring into the relationship between the expression of deep state antipathy and the stance that individuals manifest regarding legality. The paper reports on the findings derived from 12 focus groups, categorized by age, gender and location. We find that despite prevalent negative sentiments harbored by individuals toward these establishments, interviewees continue to use the language of law, expressing their dissatisfaction as frustrated formal entitlements or a lack of enforcement of the law regarding corrupt elites. We conclude that the existence of a gap between normative expectations and the acute rejection of the fulfillment of those expectations by institutional actors points to a structure of opportunities conducive to the emergence of more authoritative forms of state power.
N6-methyltubercidin gives sterile cure in a cutaneous Leishmania amazonensis mouse model
Authors: Present Cassandra , Girão Roberson Donola , Lin Cai , Caljon Guy , Van Calenbergh Serge , Moreira Otacilio , Ruivo Leonardo Alexandre de Souza , Batista Marcos Meuser , Azevedo Raquel , Batista Denise da Gama Jaen , Soeiro Maria de Nazaré Correia 
Published: March 2024

AbstractLeishmania is a trypanosomatid parasite that causes skin lesions in its cutaneous form. Current therapies rely on old and expensive drugs, against which the parasites have acquired considerable resistance. Trypanosomatids are unable to synthesize purines relying on salvaging from the host, and nucleoside analogues have emerged as attractive antiparasitic drug candidates. 4-Methyl-7-β-D-ribofuranosyl-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine (CL5564), an analogue of tubercidin in which the amine has been replaced by a methyl group, demonstrates activity against Trypanosoma cruzi and Leishmania infantum. Herein, we investigated its in vitro and in vivo activity against L. amazonensis. CL5564 was 6.5-fold (P = 0.0002) more potent than milteforan™ (ML) against intracellular forms in peritoneal mouse macrophages, and highly selective, while combination with ML gave an additive effect. These results stimulated us to study the activity of CL5564 in mouse model of cutaneous Leishmania infection. BALB/c female and male mice infected by L. amazonensis treated with CL5564 (10 mg kg−1, intralesional route for five days) presented a >93% reduction of paw lesion size likely ML given orally at 40 mg kg−1, while the combination (10 + 40 mg kg−1 of CL5564 and ML, respectively) caused >96% reduction. The qPCR confirmed the suppression of parasite load, but only the combination approach reached 66% of parasitological cure. These results support additional studies with nucleoside derivatives.
Performance evaluation and dimensional optimization design of planar 6R redundant actuation parallel mechanism
Authors: Han Ming , Che Jiajin , Liu Jinyue , Yang Dong 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAiming at the problems of small good workspace, many singular configurations, and limited carrying capacity of non-redundant parallel mechanisms, a full-redundant drive parallel mechanism is designed and developed, and its performance evaluation, good workspace identification, and scale optimization design are studied. First, the kinematics analysis of the planar 6R parallel mechanism is completed. Then, the motion/force transmission performance evaluation index of the mechanism is established, and the singularity analysis of the mechanism is completed. Based on this, the fully redundant driving mode of the mechanism is determined, and the good transmission workspace of the mechanism in this mode is identified. Then, the mapping relationship between the performance and scale of the mechanism is established by using the space model theory, and the scale optimization of the mechanism is completed. Finally, the robot prototype is made according to the optimal scale, and the performance verification is carried out based on the research of dynamics and control strategy. The results show that the fully redundant actuation parallel mechanism obtained by design optimization has high precision and large bearing capacity. The position repeatability and position accuracy are 0.053 mm and 0.635 mm, respectively, and the load weight ratio can reach 15.83%. The research results of this paper complement and improve the performance evaluation and scale optimization system of redundantly actuated parallel mechanisms.
Effect of dietary selenium intake on CVD: a retrospective cohort study based on China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) data
Authors: Wen Yaqi , Zhang Laixi , Li Shengping , Wang Tiankun , Jiang Ke , Zhao Lingxi , Zhu Yuzhao , Zhao Wen , Lei Xun , Sharma Manoj , Zhao Yong , Shi Zumin , Yuan Jun 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Objective:
We aimed to examine the association between dietary Se intake and CVD risk in Chinese adults.

Design:
This prospective cohort study included adults above 20 years old in the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS), and they were followed up from 1997 to 2015 (n 16 030). Dietary data were retrieved from CHNS, and a 3-d, 24-h recall of food intake was used to assess the cumulative average intake of dietary Se, which was divided into quartiles. The Cox proportional hazards model was adopted to analyse the association between dietary Se intake and incident CVD risk.

Setting:
CHNS (1991, 1993, 1997, 2000, 2004, 2006, 2009, 2011 and 2015)

Results:
A total of 663 respondents developed CVD after being followed up for a mean of 9·9 years (median 9 years). The incidence of CVD was 4·3, 3·7, 4·6 and 4·0 per 1000 person-years across the quartiles of cumulative Se intake. After adjusting all potential factors, no significant associations were found between cumulative Se intake and CVD risk. No interactions were found between Se intake and income, urbanisation, sex, region, weight, hypertension and CVD risk.

Conclusion:
We found no association between dietary Se and CVD.
Knowledge, perceptions and practices towards diabetes risk in sub-Saharan Africa: a mixed-methods scoping review
Authors: Manyara Anthony Muchai , Mwaniki Elizabeth , Gill Jason MR , Gray Cindy M 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Objective:
To synthesise current evidence on knowledge, perceptions and practices towards type 2 diabetes risk in sub-Saharan Africa

Design:
Mixed-methods scoping review, which included 101 studies (seventy-three quantitative, twenty qualitative and eight mixed methods) from seven electronic databases.

Setting:
Sub-Saharan Africa, 2000–2023.

Participants:
Men and women without diabetes with mean ages ranging from 20 to 63 years.

Results:
The majority of participants in most studies knew the three main diabetes modifiable risk factors – excess weight, unhealthy diet and physical inactivity. However, most people with excess weight in almost all studies underestimated their weight. Further, the self-described ideal body weight was between midpoint of normal weight and the upper limits of overweight in most quantitative studies and was described as not too skinny but not too fat in qualitative studies. In the majority of studies, participants reported low engagement in weight control, high regular sugar intake, and low regular fruit and vegetable intake but moderate to high engagement in physical activity. Barriers to reducing diabetes risk were social (e.g. societal perceptions promoting weight gain) and environmental (e.g. limited affordability of healthy foods, high accessibility of Western diets and lack of physical activity facilities).

Conclusion:
There is a need for multicomponent type 2 diabetes prevention interventions that increase knowledge of identifying diabetes risk (e.g. what constitutes excess weight) and create social and physical environments that support healthy lifestyles (e.g. societal perceptions that promote healthy living, increased availability and affordability of healthy foods and physical activity facilities).
Time living with food insecurity and socio-demographic factors: longitudinal analysis in a city in the semi-arid region of Northeast Brazil
Authors: Santos Ana Beatriz Macêdo Venâncio dos , Palmeira Poliana de Araújo , Roncalli da Costa Oliveira Angelo Giuseppe 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Objective:
Food insecurity (FI) is the lack of daily access for everyone to quality food in sufficient quantity. In many populations, it presents as a chronic and persistent condition. This study analysed the association between the length of time living with FI and socio-demographic conditions in households in a semi-arid municipality in the Brazilian Northeast between 2011 and 2019.

Design:
This is a population-based cohort study among families in the municipality in Northeast Brazil (2011, 2014 and 2019). FI was estimated through the Escala Brasileira de Insegurança Alimentar (EBIA, Brazilian Household Food Insecurity Measurement Scale), and the longitudinal category of time of living with FI was adopted to classify them according to the time they remained in FI during the cohort. The association with the socio-demographic profiles of the population was verified through multinomial logistic regression.

Setting:
Households in semi-arid, Northeast of Brazil.

Participants:
Household respondents interviewed in 2011, 2014 and 2019 (n 274).

Results:
Sixty-seven percentage (67 %) of families lived in FI in this period. Rural residence, low monthly per capita income and low schooling of the household reference person increased the chances of these families living longer in FI. These overlapping conditions increased the odds of FI in the household.

Conclusions:
Coping with FI requires intersectoral intervention that improves the socio-demographic conditions of the population.
Contrasting Approaches to Managing the Debate on Same-Sex Blessing and Same-Sex Marriage in New Zealand and Australia: Applying Insights from Jungian Psychological Type Theory
Authors: McKenna Ursula , Francis Leslie J. , Village Andrew 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn October 2022 the Church of England commissioned an examination of the impact of the debate on same-sex blessing and same-sex marriage within other Anglican Churches. The examination involved a literature search, an original survey among key informers and a general internet search. This paper draws on the general internet search to contrast the impacts in New Zealand and Australia. Drawing on Jungian psychological type theory, this analysis employs the contrasting decision-making functions of feeling (concerned with subjective interpersonal values) and thinking (concerned with objective logical analysis). The data suggest that the feeling approach dominant in New Zealand, which prioritized offering space and time for those of differing opinions to meet together, reported more positive outcomes than the thinking approach dominant in Australia, which gave greater priority to adversarial debate.
GoldDigger and Checkers, computational developments in cryo-scanning transmission electron tomography to improve the quality of reconstructed volumes
Authors: Buckley Genevieve , Ramm Georg , Trépout Sylvain 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In this work, we present a pair of tools to improve the fiducial tracking and reconstruction quality of cryo-scanning transmission electron tomography (STET) datasets. We then demonstrate the effectiveness of these two tools on experimental cryo-STET data. The first tool, GoldDigger, improves the tracking of fiducials in cryo-STET by accommodating the changed appearance of highly defocussed fiducial markers. Since defocus effects are much stronger in scanning transmission electron microscopy than in conventional transmission electron microscopy, existing alignment tools do not perform well without manual intervention. The second tool, Checkers, combines image inpainting and unsupervised deep learning for denoising tomograms. Existing tools for denoising cryo-tomography often rely on paired noisy image frames, which are unavailable in cryo-STET datasets, necessitating a new approach. Finally, we make the two software tools freely available for the cryo-STET community.
The Importance of Riverine Nutrient Supply for the Marine Silica Pump of Arctic Shelves: Evidence From the Laptev Sea
Authors: Debyser M. C. F. , Pichevin L. , Tuerena R. E. , Doncila A. , Semiletov I. , Ganeshram R. S. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractArctic shelves receive a large load of nutrients from Arctic rivers, which play a major role in the biogeochemical cycles of the Arctic Ocean. In this study, we present measurements of dissolved silicon isotopes (δ30Si(OH)4) around the Laptev Sea and surface waters of the Eurasian shelves collected in October 2018 to document terrestrial silicon modifications on shelves and their contribution to the Arctic basin. Nitrogen was found to be depleted in surface waters and the limiting nutrient to primary production in the Laptev Sea, allowing excess silicon export to the central Arctic Ocean. Heavy δ30Si(OH)4 in the water column was linked to the strong biological removal of DSi on shelves, enabled by vigorous N recycling. From isotopically constrained processes, we estimate that >50% of the silicon from riverine inputs is removed within the Lena River delta and on the Laptev Sea shelf. Extrapolating this to major Siberian rivers, this leads to an export of 2.5 ± 0.8 kmol/s of riverine silicon through the Transpolar Drift. An updated isotopic budget of the Arctic Ocean reproduces the observed δ30Si(OH)4 signatures out of the Arctic Ocean and underlines the importance of biological processes in modulating silicon export. Given that opal burial fluxes on Artic shelves are controlled by denitrification and N‐limitation, these processes are sensitive to ongoing climate change. As a consequence of higher riverine DSi inputs and shelf denitrification responding to productivity, it is inferred that silicon export from the Arctic Ocean could increase in the future, accompanied by lighter δ30Si(OH)4 signatures.
Overwinter and Spring Thaw Nitrous Oxide Fluxes in a Northern Prairie Cropland Are Limited but a Significant Proportion of Annual Emissions
Authors: Wagner‐Riddle Claudia , Congreves Kate A. , Brown Shannon E. , Helgason Warren D. , Farrell Richard E. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractCroplands that experience seasonal soil freezing and thawing have been shown to be significant sources of N2O emissions. Yet, there is a paucity of year‐round N2O emission data for one of the most significant crop production regions that seasonally freeze, the Prairies. Here, we present micrometeorological N2O fluxes measured over 4 years in Saskatchewan, Canada, to evaluate the magnitude of freeze‐thaw N2O emissions and investigate its driving factors. Significant thaw related emissions occurred in 2 of the 4 years and were associated with relatively higher fall nitrate levels and a more gradual soil thawing period. Overall, fall soil nitrate levels were a strong explanatory variable for the differences in non‐growing season (NGS) N2O emission (r2 = 0.485). Measured cumulative N2O emissions for the NGS were 123–938 g N ha−1 and were much smaller than those obtained at other cold climate sites but amounted to 52% of annual totals on average. The November to April period contributed 30% of the annual total emissions in years without major thaw events, but 70% in years with significant thaws. NGS N2O emissions were not explained by cumulative freezing degree days unlike most other cold climate sites. We propose that NGS N2O emissions are more strongly influenced by thaw dynamics during freezing‐thawing conditions in dry regions, whereas freezing intensity is the dominant factor for wetter regions. Our results indicate that even for a semi‐arid region freeze‐thaw is an important source of N2O emissions and must be considered for more accurate reporting and development of mitigation strategies.
Environment‐Modulated Glacial Seismicity Near Dålk Glacier in East Antarctica Revealed by Deep Clustering
Authors: Hu Yanlan , Li Zefeng , Fu Lei , Liu Xuying 
Published: March 2024

AbstractOver the past decades, seismic monitoring has been increasingly used to track glacial activities associated with ice loss. Many seismological studies focus on West Antarctica, whereas glacial seismicity in East Antarctica is much less studied. Here, we apply unsupervised deep learning to a dense nodal seismic array near Dålk Glacier, East Antarctica, operating from 6 December 2019 to 2 January 2020. An autoencoder is used to automatically extract event features, which are then input into a Gaussian mixture model for clustering. We divide the data into 50 clusters and merge them according to their temporal and spectral characteristics. The results reveal five main types of seismic signals: two groups with monochromatic and high frequencies, two groups with broadband frequency and short duration, and a group with mainly low frequency and long duration. By comparing the environmental conditions (wind, temperature and tides), we infer that the two monochromatic groups are wind‐induced vibrations of the near‐station flag markers and topography; the two broadband groups are likely thermal contractions on the blue ice surface and stick‐slip events at the ice base; and the low‐frequency events are water‐filled basal crevassing and iceberg calving. In particular, we observe one type of low‐frequency event preceded by high‐frequency onset, which is likely basal crevassing near the grounding line of Dålk Glacier and predominantly occurred during rising tides. Our findings show that deep clustering is effective in identifying a wide range of glacial seismic events and can contribute to the rapid growth of passive glacier seismic monitoring.
ATG or post-transplant cyclophosphamide to prevent GVHD in matched unrelated stem cell transplantation?
Authors: Penack Olaf , Abouqateb Mouad , Peczynski Christophe , Boreland William , Kröger Nicolaus , Stelljes Matthias , Gedde-Dahl Tobias , Blau Igor Wolfgang , Schroeder Thomas , Salmenniemi Urpu , Kulagin Alexander , Peffault de Latour Régis , Mielke Stephan , Zeiser Robert , Moiseev Ivan , Schoemans Hélène , Koenecke Christian , Peric Zinaida 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThere is a high risk of GVHD and non-relapse mortality (NRM) after allogeneic stem cell transplantations (alloSCT) from unrelated donors. Prophylaxis with rabbit anti-thymocyte globulin (rATG) is standard in Europe but post-transplantation Cyclophosphamide (PTCy) is an emerging alternative. We analyzed outcomes of rATG (n = 7725) vs. PTCy (n = 1039) prophylaxis in adult patients with hematologic malignancies undergoing peripheral blood alloSCT from 10/10 antigen-matched unrelated donors (MUD) between January 2018 and June 2021 in the EBMT database. The provided P-values and hazard ratios (HR) are derived from multivariate analysis. Two years after alloSCT, NRM in the PTCy group was 12.1% vs. 16.4% in the rATG group; p = 0.016; HR 0.72. Relapse was less frequent after PTCy vs. rATG (22.8% vs. 26.6%; p = 0.046; HR 0.87). Overall survival after PTCy was higher (73.1% vs. 65.9%; p = 0.001, HR 0.82). Progression free survival was better after PTCy vs. rATG (64.9% vs. 57.2%; p < 0.001, HR 0.83). The incidence of chronic GVHD was lower after PTCy (28.4% vs. rATG 31.4%; p = 0.012; HR 0.77), whereas the incidence and severity of acute GVHD were not significantly different. GVHD-free relapse-free survival was significantly higher in the PTCy arm compared to the rATG arm (2 y incidence: 51% vs. 45%; HR: 0.86 [95% CI 0.75–0.99], p = 0.035). In the absence of evidence from randomized controlled trials, our findings support a preference for the use of PTCy in adult recipients of peripheral blood alloSCTs from MUD.
RNA modifications in cellular metabolism: implications for metabolism-targeted therapy and immunotherapy
Authors: Liu Wei-Wei , Zheng Si-Qing , Li Tian , Fei Yun-Fei , Wang Chen , Zhang Shuang , Wang Fei , Jiang Guan-Min , Wang Hao 
Published: March 2024

AbstractCellular metabolism is an intricate network satisfying bioenergetic and biosynthesis requirements of cells. Relevant studies have been constantly making inroads in our understanding of pathophysiology, and inspiring development of therapeutics. As a crucial component of epigenetics at post-transcription level, RNA modification significantly determines RNA fates, further affecting various biological processes and cellular phenotypes. To be noted, immunometabolism defines the metabolic alterations occur on immune cells in different stages and immunological contexts. In this review, we characterize the distribution features, modifying mechanisms and biological functions of 8 RNA modifications, including N6-methyladenosine (m6A), N6,2′-O-dimethyladenosine (m6Am), N1-methyladenosine (m1A), 5-methylcytosine (m5C), N4-acetylcytosine (ac4C), N7-methylguanosine (m7G), Pseudouridine (Ψ), adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) editing, which are relatively the most studied types. Then regulatory roles of these RNA modification on metabolism in diverse health and disease contexts are comprehensively described, categorized as glucose, lipid, amino acid, and mitochondrial metabolism. And we highlight the regulation of RNA modifications on immunometabolism, further influencing immune responses. Above all, we provide a thorough discussion about clinical implications of RNA modification in metabolism-targeted therapy and immunotherapy, progression of RNA modification-targeted agents, and its potential in RNA-targeted therapeutics. Eventually, we give legitimate perspectives for future researches in this field from methodological requirements, mechanistic insights, to therapeutic applications.
Melatonin alleviates chronic stress-induced hippocampal microglia pyroptosis and subsequent depression-like behaviors by inhibiting Cathepsin B/NLRP3 signaling pathway in rats
Authors: Gao Zhicheng , Luo Kangxin , Hu Yulin , Niu Yunqian , Zhu Xinchao , Li Shoujun , Zhang Haiyang 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMelatonin improves chronic stress-induced hippocampal damage and depression-like behaviors, but the mechanism needs further study. This study was to explore the mechanism of melatonin inhibiting microglia pyroptosis. In virtro experiments, melatonin improved corticosterone-induced the ultrastructure and microstructure damage of HAPI cells by inhibiting pyroptosis, thereby increasing cell survival rate. Protein-protein interaction network and molecular autodocking predicted that Cathespin B might be the target of melatonin inhibition of NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis. Melatonin inhibited corticosterone-induced Cathespin B expression. Both Cathepsin B inhibitor CA-074Me and NLRP3 knockout inhibited the HAPI cells pyroptosis. Similarly, melatonin inhibited Cathepsin B agonist Pazopanib-induced activation of Cathepsin B/NLRP3 signaling pathway and HAPI cells pyroptosis. In vivo studies, melatonin inhibited chronic restraint stress (CRS)-induced activation of Cathepsin B/NLRP3 signaling pathway and alleviated hippocampal microglia pyroptosis in rats. Inhibition of microglia pyroptosis improved CRS-induced depression-like behaviors of rats. In addition, inhibition of Cathepsin B and NLRP3 alleviated hippocampal pyroptosis. Melatonin inhibited Pazopanib-induced activation of Cathepsin B/NLRP3 signaling pathway and hippocampal pyroptosis. These results demonstrated that melatonin could alleviate CRS-induced hippocampal microglia pyroptosis by inhibiting Cathepsin B/NLRP3 signaling pathway, thereby improving depression-like behaviors in rats. This study reveals the molecular mechanism of melatonin in the prevention and treatment of chronic stress-related encephalopathy.