bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An interface and communication technique between circuit blocks in system LSI
Authors: Hayakawa Masafumi , Nakamura Tsugio , Fuyutsume Narito , Kasahara Hiroshi , Tanaka Teruo 
Published: February 2009

AbstractIn large‐scale System LSI/SoC, how to standardize the communication method between diversified cores becomes one of the important problems, and various study reports have been done.We propose a new method to solve the problem, where the communication between cores is limited only to using message+parameters format. As the communication mechanism between IP cores and a common bus, we introduced the architecture, ACU, common to every core with various I/O functions, and it can be realized with a scale of less than 5 K gates.As the paradigm of Globally‐Asynchronous Locally‐Synchronous (GALS) system is attracting attention, this method is believed to be a good suggestion as a communication mechanism between local IP cores. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 91(12): 9–15, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10008
MeV‐class electron generation with compact generator using ultra short pulse laser
Authors: Takano Kei , Nayuki Takuya , Oishi Yuji , Fujii Takashi , Soda Keita , Takashima Ryuta , Hasegawa Shuichi , Hotta Eiki , Nemoto Koshichi 
Published: February 2009

AbstractA compact laser electron source usable instead of radioisotopes as an X‐ray source for nondestructive diagnosis was developed. High‐energy electrons were generated by an ultrashort pulse focused on a thin tape target. The laser energy was only 15 mJ. The pulse duration and beam diameter of the laser beam were 140 fs and 10 mm, respectively. Electron energies above 1 MeV were obtained with this compact laser electron source. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 91(12): 1–8, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience. wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10046
Bismuth layer‐structured ferroelectric ceramics with high mechanical quality factor
Authors: Nagata Hajime , Hiruma Yuji , Suzuki Muneyasu , Takenaka Tadashi 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe piezoelectric properties in some bismuth layer‐structured ferroelectric (BLSF) ceramics were investigated focusing on a mechanical quality factor, Qm. Many BLSF compositions with various Curie temperatures, Tc, were selected in this study, and the Qm values of (33) mode were plotted as a function of their Curie temperature, Tc. The Qm increased with increasing the Tc in the low‐Tc compositions below 500°C. It is considered to relate with the domain wall pinning because the coercive field Ec also increased with increasing the Tc. However, in the high‐Tc compositions above 750°C, the Qm decreased with increasing the Tc, because of the difficulties in poling treatment due to the Ec. On the other hand, high Qm values exceeding 10,000 were obtained in the intermediate‐Tc compositions between 500 and 750°C. These values are quite high as the piezoelectric ceramics. The key point of the high Qm in these compositions is the poling process at high temperature of 300°C. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 91(12): 39–45, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10185
Accountability processes and group dynamics: a SIDE perspective on the policing of an anti‐capitalist riot
Authors: Cronin Patrick , Reicher Stephen 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThis paper reports a study of public order policing during a major ‘anti‐capitalist’ riot. Officers were observed in the control room at New Scotland Yard throughout the event, and the two senior commanders were interviewed. The analysis demonstrates both the importance and the complexity of accountability concerns in determining police decisions. Officers are simultaneously accountable to multiple audiences who place different and sometimes contradictory demands upon them. Moreover officers in different positions may be subject to different accountability concerns. These lead to different action preferences that can create intra‐organizational conflict. For instance, senior commanders were reluctant to use tactics that the general public and other external audiences might view as escalating the conflict or endangering the safety of protestors. In contrast, junior officers were less concerned with external audiences and supported these tactics as necessary to protect police safety. The theoretical significance of these findings is framed in terms of the SIDE model. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Removal of metal cyanides from aqueous solutions by suspended and immobilized cells of Rhizopus oryzae (MTCC 2541)
Authors: Roshan Dash Rajesh , Balomajumder Chandrajit , Kumar Arvind 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThis paper presents a study on biodegradation and simultaneous adsorption and biodegradation (SAB) of zinc and iron cyanides by Rhizopus oryzae (MTCC 2541), with a brief process review. Granular activated carbon was used for the immobilization of Rhizopus oryzae (MTCC 2541) for the SAB study. pH and temperature were optimized at an initial cyanide concentration of 100 mg/L for biodegradation and SAB. The microbes adapted to grow at maximum cyanide concentration were harvested and their ability to degrade cyanide was measured in both biodegradation and SAB. The removal efficiency of the SAB process was found to be better as compared to the biodegradation process. In the case of biodegradation, removal was found up to a maximum cyanide concentration of 250 mg CN−/L for zinc cyanide and 200 mg CN−/L for iron cyanide, whereas in the case of SAB, about 50% removal of cyanide at 400 mg CN−/L zinc cyanide and 300 mg CN–/L iron cyanide was possible. It was found that the SAB process is more effective than biodegradation.
New and different lignocellulosic materials from Turkey for laccase and manganese peroxidase production by Trametes versicolor
Authors: Erden Emre , Ucar Meryem Cigdem , Kaymaz Yasin , Pazarlioglu Nurdan Kasikara 
Published: February 2009

AbstractIn the present study, the production of laccase (Lac) and manganese‐dependent peroxidase (MnP) by the white‐rot fungus Trametes versicolor grown in submerged cultures with different agricultural residues was investigated. The lignocellulosic materials studied were almond shells, hazelnut husks, sunflower stems, clover straw and hazelnut cobs, because they are common agricultural wastes in Turkey. Among the different lignocellulosic materials studied, hazelnut cobs provided the highest Lac and MnP activities (47.09 and 109.21 U/L, respectively). The optimum conditions were determined for Lac and MnP production in submerged cultures of T. versicolor by using hazelnut cobs as substrate. For Lac production, the optimum incubation time, hazelnut cob concentration, pH, and shaking rate were found as 4 days, 2% w/v, 6.0 and 130 rpm, respectively. For MnP production, the optimum incubation time, hazelnut cob concentration, pH and shaking rate were found as 5 days, 2% w/v, 6.0 and 90 rpm, respectively.
Laccase production in solid‐state and submerged fermentation by Pleurotus ostreatus
Authors: Mazumder Sharmistha , Basu Soumendra K. , Mukherjee Mina 
Published: February 2009

AbstractA solid‐state fermentation (SSF) system for production of an industrially important enzyme laccase by Pleurotus ostreatus was developed by using potato dextrose yeast extract medium and polyurethane foam as a supporting material. The maximum laccase production in the SSF system was as high as 3×105 U/L. Addition of inducers, such as copper and ferulic acid, further enhanced the laccase production in SSF. Moreover, the time required for the maximum laccase production was reduced to 6 days compared to 10 days reported earlier. The improvement achieved by the SSF system was investigated by comparing it to a submerged fermentation system (SmF), both experimentally and by using a standard theoretical model along with a parameter sensitivity analysis. Laccase production in SSF was found to be twice of that in SmF. One of the main reasons for higher laccase production in SSF compared to SmF was possibly due to the presence of higher proteolytic activity in SmF. Strong proteolytic activity in SmF presumably caused subsequent laccase degradation, which lowered the ultimate laccase production in SmF compared to SSF.
Utilization of tannery solid waste for protease production by Synergistes sp. in solid‐state fermentation and partial protease characterization
Authors: Kumar Arumugam Ganesh , Venkatesan R. , Prasad Rao Burusa , Swarnalatha Somasundaram , Sekaran Ganesan 
Published: February 2009

AbstractSynergistes sp. DQ560074 produced a protease in submerged fermentation (SmF) at 400–420 U/mL and in solid‐state fermentation (SSF) at 745–755 U/g. The protease, which belongs to the aspartic protease class, was active over a wide range of pH (5–7) and at high temperatures (25–45°C). The protease is stable and active in various polar protic solvents (50% v/v) like ethanol, isopropanol, n–butanol, in polar aprotic solvents (50% v/v) like acetonitrile, and in non‐polar solvents (50% v/v) such as ethylacetate and toluene, but not in hydrophilic organic solvents (methyl alcohol and acetone). As far as we know, this is the first contribution to the production of a mesophilic protease with solvent stability in SSF using a proteinaceous solid waste.
Effect of tetrahydrofuran on the binding of the competitive inhibitor proflavin and the storage stability of bovine pancreatic α‐chymotrypsin
Authors: Sirotkin Vladimir A. , Mukhametzyanov Timur A. , Komissarov Igor A. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe binding of the competitive inhibitor proflavin by bovine pancreatic α‐chymotrypsin in water‐tetrahydrofuran mixtures was studied in the entire range of thermodynamic water activities at 25°C. The data on the binding of proflavin were compared with the results on the storage stability of α‐chymotrypsin in water‐organic mixtures. An analysis of the concentration dependency of these characteristics demonstrated that, at low water activity values, the interprotein contacts in the enzyme formed during its drying largely govern its functional properties, while at high water activity, they are determined by the interaction of the enzyme with the organic solvent. The interplay of these two factors is responsible for the complex shape observed for the isotherm of binding of proflavin, with a maximum degree of binding being attained at medium water activity values.
Nitrogen removal in constructed wetland systems
Authors: Lee Chang‐gyun , Fletcher Tim D. , Sun Guangzhi 
Published: February 2009

AbstractSince the mid 1990s, constructed wetlands have been increasingly used as a low‐energy ‘green’ technique, in the treatment of wastewater and stormwater, driven by the rising cost of fossil fuels and increasing concern about climate change. Among various applications of these wetlands, a significant area is the removal of nitrogenous pollutants to protect the water environment and to enable effective reclamation and reuse of the wastewater. This paper provides a review of the current state of nitrogen removal technology, focusing on existing types of wetlands, the mechanisms of nitrogen removal, major environmental factors relative to nitrogen removal, and the operation and management of the wetlands.
Enhanced ethanol production, volatile compound biosynthesis and fungicide removal during growth of a newly isolated Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain on enriched pasteurized grape musts
Authors: Sarris Dimitris , Kotseridis Yorgos , Linga Maria , Galiotou‐Panayotou Maria , Papanikolaou Seraphim 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe kinetic behavior of a newly isolated Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain, grown on pasteurized grape musts enriched with industrial sugars, was studied after the addition of various concentrations [0.0 (reference), 0.4 and 2.4 mg/L] of the fungicide quinoxyfen to the medium. Batch‐flask cultures were carried out. Significant quantities of biomass (10.0±0.8 g/L) were produced regardless of quinoxyfen addition to the medium; therefore, the addition of the fungicide did not seriously inhibit biomass production. Ethanol was synthesized in very high quantities in all trials (highest concentrations 106.4–119.2 g/L). A slight decrease of ethanol production in terms of both absolute value and conversion yield of ethanol produced per sugar consumed was, however, observed when the quinoxyfen concentration was increased. The addition of quinoxyfen led to significantly lower ethylic ester levels, which also pertains to the acetates analyzed in this study. Fusel alcohol synthesis seemed to be activated when 0.4 mg/L quinoxyfen was added, but at 2.4 mg/L of added fungicide, no statistically significant differences were observed compared with the control trial. Volatile acid levels did not present a uniform trend in relation with the added fungicide. Finally, the fermentation was accompanied by a significant reduction of the fungicide concentration (79–82 wt% fungicide removal).
Optimum electromagnetic energy converters
Authors: Papes O. , Peikert R. , Biela J. , Hugel J. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThis paper investigates the optimal shape of electromagnetic devices in terms of volume. An entangled pair of a coil and a core is considered. The dimensionless volume characteristic zV of this transformer design is defined, which is a measure for the volumetric efficiency of electromagnetic devices. The description of the design is considerably simplified using symmetry arguments. Based on electromagnetic laws, a mapping between the contours of the core and the coil is found. Consequently, the volume characteristic is expressed in terms of the core contour only. The core contour is then discretized using Bézier segments and Fourier modes, and the minimization of the volume characteristic is carried out numerically. While previous engineering efforts brought down zV to approximately 11.6, this paper presents an optimized transformer design characterized by zV = 10.07365 ± 10−5. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the most efficient shape of a simple coil‐core assembly in terms of volume published up to now. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Computationally efficient joint partial crosstalk cancellation and multi‐user power control algorithm in xDSL networks
Authors: Maesoumi Mohsen , Masnadi‐Shirazi Mohammad‐Ali , Dousti Massoud 
Published: February 2009

AbstractFar‐end crosstalk (FEXT) is the major limitation to achieve high data rates in very high bit rate digital subscriber line (VDSL) systems. Full crosstalk cancellation (FCC) techniques have been proposed to mitigate the effect of crosstalk. However, these are too complex for application in typical VDSL binders. Considering the fact that there are only a few strongest cross‐talkers that contribute to main part of crosstalk, the crosstalk cancellation can be simplified to line selection (LS), tone selection (TS) and joint line‐tone selection (JLTS) partial crosstalk cancellation (PCC). These all result in much less online complexity. In this paper, first, we propose a new modified JLTS algorithm with significantly lower initialisation complexity than the optimal JLTS (OJLTS) algorithm and approximately with similar performance. Then a novel joint algorithm is presented that combines the multi‐user power control technique with the PCC scheme to achieve near the capacity rates. We also consider dynamic online complexity constraint for each user. This joint algorithm leads to a much larger online complexity reduction (around 60% for long lines) and higher data rates at the expense of slightly higher initialisation complexity. The performance of the proposed algorithm is verified by some simulation results and compared with current algorithms that use flat power spectral densities (PSDs) and other existing joint algorithms. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
New stabilized finite element method for time‐dependent incompressible flow problems
Authors: Shang Yueqiang 
Published: February 2009

AbstractA new stabilized finite element method is considered for the time‐dependent Stokes problem, based on the lowest‐order P1−P0 and Q1−P0 elements that do not satisfy the discrete inf–sup condition. The new stabilized method is characterized by the features that it does not require approximation of the pressure derivatives, specification of mesh‐dependent parameters and edge‐based data structures, always leads to symmetric linear systems and hence can be applied to existing codes with a little additional effort. The stability of the method is derived under some regularity assumptions. Error estimates for the approximate velocity and pressure are obtained by applying the technique of the Galerkin finite element method. Some numerical results are also given, which show that the new stabilized method is highly efficient for the time‐dependent Stokes problem. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tauern tunnel first and second tubes from the consultant's viewpoint
Authors: Ayaydin Nejad , Leitner Andreas 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe first tube of the Tauern tunnel for the A10 Tauern autobahn was constructed in the years 1970 to 1975. The great difficulties with the drive in strongly squeezing rock led to new methods being developed to cope with such rock conditions and represented a significant step forward for the New Austrian Tunnelling Method. After many false starts, the construction of the second tube has been underway since 2006, and the tunnelling work is now complete. About 35 years lie between the tunnelling work for the first and second tubes. This permits a good evaluation of progress in this area. From the designer's viewpoint, the major advances have been in the following areas:– In the geotechnical design, now systematised through the ÖGG guideline, making it more practical.– In the quality of the support measures and particularly the shotctrete.– The greatest step forward is, however, the methods and the implementation of geotechnical surveying (trigonometric) and its rapid and trouble‐free evaluation, allowing new methods of interpretation.This was certainly also the reason why the tunnelling work for the second tube was considerably less eventful than anticipated. The result is that there will be no overruns of time or cost for the second tube
The Tauern tunnel first and second tubes from the contractor's viewpoint
Authors: Weidinger Franz , Lauffer Harald 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe construction of the first tube of the Tauern tunnels in the years 1970 to 1975 was a milestone in the development of the NATM and of modern tunnelling. Completely new methods were introduced and used successfully to overcome the strongly squeezing rock, which was the only possibility of mastering the large rock deformations and completing tunnelling within the planned deadline.The driving of the second tube of the Tauern tunnel between 2006 and 2008 has shown that the basics of the NATM are still valid. The considerably more favourable system behaviour does, however, show that the state of knowledge in design and construction has developed greatly. The major difference is the increase of productivity and this is made clear by comparing the production assets used.
Changes in tunnelling over 20 years through the example of the Roppen tunnel
Authors: Brugger Gerhard , Sachs Manfred 
Published: February 2009

Abstract20 years lie between the construction of the two tubes of the Roppen tunnel, during which time the world has changed not only politically and in general thinking but has also produced dramatic technical progress. Above all with the development of communication and information technology, the environment for the tunnel builder and the proceedings on the construction site have changed, unfortunately not always for the better. The positive and negative developments are discussed in a critical manner and a return to more community and more dialogue on site are proposed.
Hydroshield drive H3‐4 in the lower Inn valley – construction experience
Authors: Göbl Arthur 
Published: February 2009

AbstractIn the lower Inn valley in the Tyrol, the existing railway line is being widened to four tracks as part of the TEN (Trans European Network) section Munich‐Verona. The Brenner Railway Company has appointed the joint venture Porr Tunnelbau – Max Bögl for the construction of the section H3‐4. At the time of writing the article, two thirds of the 5.8 km long tunnelled section had been bored, with daily advance rates of up to 32 m being achieved. A Hydroshield is being used to bore the main tunnel with a diameter of 13.03 m. The tunnel gradient lies completely under the groundwater table. For long stretches, the tunnel route runs through loose sandy or gravelly soil with high and very changeable permeability. At the borders of the contract section, silty clay soil dominates.Eleven shafts are being constructed every 500 m along the tunnel route to act as emergency exits. The shafts are constructed with diaphragm walls and are connected to the main tunnel by pipe‐jacked headings of 4.8 m diameter. Because of the groundwater pressure of about 3 bar throughout the site, a sealing block has to be constructed in advance at the junction area.
Tradenberg tunnel – the contractor in the role of client
Authors: Edlmair Gerald , Pacher Wolfgang 
Published: February 2009

AbstractAs part of the project “PPP Ostregion Paket 1”, a tunnelling project is being constructed on the basis of a performance specification for the first time in Austria, with the entire geological risk being borne by the contractor. The two‐tube Tradenberg tunnel, each tube carrying one traffic direction, is in the S1‐West section of the 51 km long Y‐Trasse to be constructed by the consortium Bonaventura. The overall length of the tunnel is 2,457 m or 2,423.5 m, of which 1,403.6 m or 1,359 m are to be mined underground. The entire section is to open for traffic in early 2010. The contract model has the effect of transferring competence to the contractor. This opens a wide range of organisational possibilities for the construction consortium, but accompanied by an enormous increase in responsibility and commercial risk.
Hieflau power station extension – mechanical tunnelling with innovative solutions
Authors: Gappmaier Franz , Weber Wolfgang , Bitschnau Markus 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe extension of the Hieflau power station is intended to increase the productive water quantity from 60 to 90 m3/s. The normal power production of the power station, which was commissioned in 1955, will be increased by the planned measures by about 108 GWh/a. In addition to the necessary adaptations and refurbishment of the intake and discharge structures, the headrace tunnel to be constructed represents the most important part of the extension.
Power station construction then and now through the example of the Glockner/Kaprun power station group and the PSW Limberg II in Kaprun
Authors: Hager Andreas , Wagner Erich 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe power station facilities at Glockner/Kaprun were constructed in the years from 1946 to 1955. The system consists of a main and an upper stage with a total generation capacity of 353 MW. Since 2006, the association Austrian Hydro Power has been working to extend the existing power station group Glockner/Kaprun with the addition of the pumped storage works Limberg II. This will be a new cavern power station with two reversible pump turbines each of 240 MW installed underground. In the course of 50 years, the technical equipment and tunnelling techniques have developed decisively, enabling the number of employees to be reduced considerably. Construction work high in the mountains was then and is still now characterised by extraordinary difficulties because of the altitude. Regular progress of construction work presumes careful planning and well thought‐out logistics.