bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
United States of America Trade in Ornamental Fish
Authors: Chapman Frank A. , Fitz‐Coy Sharon A. , Thunberg Eric M. , Adams Charles M. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractOrnamental fish production is among the leading cash crops of the United States of America aquaculture economy, and retail value of the fish trade is worth approximately US$l,000 million. However, few studies exist to document this trade. Using import and export documents we report trends in total values for the U.S. trade in ornamental fish. Also, we determined the number and value of the most commonly imported ornamental fish. In 1992, approximately 201 million fish valued at $44.7 million were imported into the U.S. The port of Los Angeles handled 39% of all trade activity, Miami 22%, New York 16%, Tampa 6%, and Honolulu 6%. Freshwater fish accounted for approximately 96% of the total volume and 80% of the value of the imports. Most freshwater ornamental fish were farm‐raised and imported from Southeast Asia. Most U.S. exports of ornamental fish were cultured in the state of Florida. Although saltwater fish had a high market value (20% of the declared value of the imports), the volume of these fish was only 4%. Most imported and exported saltwater ornamental fish were collected from the wild. Of the 1,539 species declared as ornamental fish, 32 species dominated the trade. These were all of freshwater origin. The guppy Poecilia reticulala and neon tetra Paracheirodon innesi were the most popular ornamental fish kept in U.S. households. The average prices paid for imported ornamental freshwater fish were 45 cents for egg layers and 22 cents for live bearers. The results of this study document the importance of the ornamental fish industry and identifies the most valuable species in the trade for potential domestic culture and protection in the wild.
Culture of Juvenile Atlantic Surfclams, Spisula solidissima solidissima and Spisula solidissima similis, in Forced‐Flow Upwellers in a Bivalve Hatchery in Coastal Georgia
Authors: Walker Randal L. , Hurley Dorset H. , Moroney Deborah A. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractFour experimental growth studies for juvenile Atlantic surfclams, Spisula solidissima solidissima and Spisula solidissima similis, under hatchery conditions were conducted in 10‐cm diameter forced‐flow upweller units. Experiments were designed to determine optimum food ration (2%, 5%, and 8% g dry weight of algae/g wet weight of clam), water culture temperature (20, 25, and 30°C), flow rate (2, 4, and 6 Lpm), and stocking density (7, 14, and 21 g wet weight of clams) for rearing juvenile clams in upweller units. Each experimental trial was performed for a 14‐d period. Nested Analysis of Variance showed that juvenile surfclams Spisula solidissima similis grew significantly faster at a temperature of 20°C and food rations of 5% and 8%. In all four experiments, clam mortalities were not observed except in the temperature experiment, where total mortality occurred for clams cultured at 30°C. Clam growth in biomass and size decreased significantly with increases in culture temperature. For Spisula solidissima solidissima, clam growth was significantly reduced in terms of size and biomass at a flow rate of 6 Lpm. No difference in size or biomass was determined between clams grown at a flow rate of 2 or 4 Lpm. Surfclams at the lowest stocking density of 7 g wet weight significantly increased more in net biomass compared to those at higher stocking densities. Clams were significantly larger in shell length when grown at the two lower stocking densities compared to those at the highest stocking density. Hatchery‐rearing protocol for juvenile surfclams is discussed.
Evaluation of Coastal Bermuda Grass Protein Isolate as a Substitute for Fishmeal in Practical Diets for Channel Catfish Ictalurus punctatus
Authors: Buentello J. Alejandro , Gatlin Delbert M. , Dale Bruce E. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractIn response to concerns over availability and cost of fishmeal for aquaculture feeds, a study was conducted to evaluate the suitability of a protein isolate from coastal Bermuda grass Cynodon dactylon for channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus. The coastal Bermuda grass was treated by soaking in liquid anhydrous ammonia under high pressure at 70 C, a process known as Ammonia Fiber Explosion (AFEX), followed by pressure release, extraction and isoelectric precipitation for isolation of the protein. Amino acid analysis of the isolate (32% crude protein) indicated a generally balanced profile that was first limiting in methionine. A feeding trial was conducted in which four isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets containing incremental levels of the extracted, isolated protein were evaluated. The control diet contained 10% menhaden fishmeal and experimental diets were formulated so that the isolate replaced 33, 66 and 100% of the fishmeal on an equal‐protein basis. Each diet was fed for 9 wk to triplicate groups of channel catfish fingerlings initially weighing approximately 14 g/fish. Apparent protein and organic matter digestibility of the isolate also was determined utilizing chromic oxide as an inert marker. Results of the feeding trial indicated that substitution of the isolate at all levels did not significantly (P > 0.05) affect weight gain, feed efficiency, protein efficiency ratio or protein retention of channel catfish. Apparent protein and organic matter digestibility coeflicients of the isolate were 85 and 89%, respectively. These data indicate that the isolate was readily digested by channel catfish and was able to replace menhaden fishmeal (at 10% of diet) without adversely affecting fish performance. Additional research to evaluate substitution of other ingredients with the protein isolate appear warranted. Further research to optimize protein isolation procedures also is required.
Comparative Net Absorption of Chelated and Inorganic Trace Minerals in Channel Catfish Ictalurus punctatus Diets
Authors: Paripatananont Tippawan , Lovell Richard T. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractCoefficients of net absorption for copper, iron, manganese, selenium, and zinc were determined for chelated sources (copper proteinate, iron proteinate, manganese proteinate, selenium proteinate, zinc proteinate) and inorganic sources (copper sulfate pentahydrate, ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, manganese sulfate monohydrate, sodium selenite, zinc sulfate hep‐tahydrate) of these elements with channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus. Fish weighing approximately 60 g were placed into 40‐L aquaria (12 fish/aquarium) at a temperature of 28 f 2 C and fed either an egg white‐based, purified diet or a soybean meal‐based, practical diet with and without the test mineral sources for 6 wk then killed and feces collected from the hindgut. Treatments were arranged in a 2 × 2 factorial design. Absorption coefficients for the elements in the basal and mineral supplemented diets were calculated by the indirect indicator (chromic oxide) method and corrected for residual amounts of element in the basal diets. Net absorption of the chelated minerals was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than net absorption of the inorganic minerals in both basal diets. Average percentage improvement in net absorption of chelated minerals over inorganic minerals was 39.3% in the purified diets and 81.1% in the practical diets. These results may indicate that appreciably lower amounts of chelated trace minerals than inorganic trace minerals can be used as supplements in catfish feeds.
Preliminary Results on the Fatty Acid Composition of Freshwater Crayfish, Astacus astacus and Pacifastacus leniusculus, Held in Captivity
Authors: Ackefors Hans , Castell John , ÖRde‐Öström InCa‐Lena 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe fatty acid compositions of the tail muscle and hepatopancreas of captive noble crayfish Astacus astactus and of signal crayfish pacfastacus leniusculus were investigated. The major fatty acids in the tail muscle of A. astacus were 16:0. 18:ln‐7 + 9, 20:4n–6 and 20:5n–3 and the fatty acid composition of hepatopancreas was principally 16:0, 18:In‐7 + 9 and 20: ln‐9+ 11. These animals had been fed marine fish (sprat and herring) for 2 mo. They were kept in a flowthrough system with gravity‐fed fresh water from a nearby lake with a high concentration of calcium and pH above 8. The major fatty acids in the tail muscle of P. leniusculus were 16:0. 18:ln‐7+9, 18:2n–6 and 20:5n–3, and in the hepatopancreas 16:0, 18:1n–7 + 9 and 18:2n–6. These animals had been fed mainly plant material (green peas, maize and alder leaves) in a different laboratory for a period of about 2 yr and kept in a flow‐through system with ambient water of pH around 7. In A. astacus the total fatty acid content was nearly 13 times higher in the hepatopancreas than in the tail muscle, however, three fatty acids 18:0, 20:4n–6 and 20:Sn‐3 were, respectively, 289, 403, and 320% more concentrated in the fatty acids of tail muscle than in the hepatopancreas. Total fatty acids of the hepatopancreas of male P. Ieniusculus was 42 times higher than in the tail muscle and was three times greater than in the hepatopancreas of A. astacus.
Induced Breeding of Two Clariid Catfishes Clurius gariepinus and Heterobranchus bidorsalis Using Tilapia Pituitary Extracts
Authors: Salami Adekunle A. , Bello‐Olusoji Oluayo A. , Fagbenro Oyedapo A. , Akegbejo‐Samsons Yeml 
Published: April 2007

AbstractInduced breeding trials of two clariid catfishes, Clarias gariepinus and Heterobranchus bidorsalis, were conducted using five doses (2, 4, 6, 8 or 10 mg/kg) of acetone‐dried tilapia pituitary (ADTP) extracts. Oocyte maturation and ovulation were induced in female catfishes by single intramuscular injection of 6–10 mgkg ADTP; optimum results were obtained with 8 mgkg in both catfishes. At ambient temperature (27 ± 1 C). ovulation occurred within 14–18 h post‐injection resulting in 16–20% increase in egg diameter. Fertilization and hatching percentages increased (P < 0.05) with increases in hormone dosage. Survival of fry fed a mixed zooplankton diet was high (ranging from 79% to 85%) after 30 d of rearing.
Relationships Among Total Weight, Body Shape, Visceral Components, and Fillet Traits in Palmetto Bass (Striped Bass Female Morone saxatilis× White Bass Male M. chrysops) and Paradise Bass (Striped Bass Female M. saxatilis× Yellow Bass Male M. mississippiensis)
Authors: Bosworth Brian G. , Libey George S. , Notter David R. 
Published: April 2007

Abstract.Relationships among total weight (W), and linear measures of body shape, visceral component weights, and fillet weight (Y) in market‐size (>454 g) palmetto bass (Morone saxatilis female ×M. chrysops male, N= 138) and paradise bass (M. saxatilis female ×M. mississippiensis male, N= 134) were determined with the allometric equation: Y = aWb. Allometric analysis was used to compare traits of palmetto bass and paradise bass, and to identify factors influencing fillet yield. Paradise bass, an all female hybrid, had deeper, thicker, shorter bodies, and smaller heads than palmetto bass females. Male and female palmetto bass had similar body shapes. Values of growth coefficients (b) for body shape traits (range 0.21–0.48) indicated that shape was proportional across the weight range of fish used. Mean visceral fat and ovary weight were higher in paradise bass than in palmetto bass females suggesting the reproductive cycle was more advanced in paradise bass females. Whole fillet (skin and ribs intact) and skinless fillet (ribs intact) were larger for paradise bass than for palmetto bass, but trimmed fillet (skin and ribs removed) was not different between fish. Relative increases of whole and skinless fillet weights were greater than total weight in both groups indicating that the percentage of body mass attributed to fillet increases slightly as total weight increases. Therefore, small increases in fillet yield can be achieved by rearing fish to a larger size. Stepwise regression of whole, skinless, and trimmed fillet weight on body shape traits resulted in three parameter models with r2‐values of 0.27–0.29 in palmetto bass, and of 0.37–0.43 in paradise bass. Addition of visceral components as independent variables in the models increased r2‐values to 0.31–0.36 for palmetto bass and to 0.45–0.52 for paradise bass. Low phenotypic variation in fillet yield (CV = 3–5%) and poor predictability of yield from measures taken on live fish limit the potential for improving yield through individual selection. Identification of superior species or strain crosses or rearing fish to a larger size appear to be the best strategies for improving fillet yield of Morone hybrids.
Effect of Stocking Density on Growth and Water Quality for Largemouth Bass Micropterus salmoides Growout in Ponds
Authors: Tidwell James H. , Webster Carl D. , Coyle Shawn D. , Schulmeister Greg 
Published: April 2007

Abstract.Juvenile largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides, trained to accept artificial diets, were stocked into six 0.04‐ha ponds at stocking densities of either 6,175 or 12,350 fish/ha. Fish were fed a floating custom‐formulated diet, containing 44% protein, once daily to satiation for 12 mo (May 1994–May 1995). At final harvest, the total yield of fish was significantly greater (P < 0.05) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) was significantly lower, for bass stocked at the higher density (4,598 kg/ha and 2.3, respectively) than when stocked at the lower density (2,354 kg/ha and 3.3, respectively). There was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in average weight, length, or survival of bass stocked at the two densities. Averaged over the study period, there were no significant differences (P > 0.05) in total ammonia‐nitrogen (TAN), nitrite‐nitrogen, or un‐ionized ammonia concentrations in ponds in which bass were stocked at the two densities. These data indicate that largemouth bass of the size used in this study are amenable to pond culture at densities of at least 12,350 fish/ha and that higher stocking densities may be possible.
Ingestion Rate and Feeding Behavior of the Peppermint Shrimp Lysmata wurdemanni on Artemia Nauplii
Authors: Zhang Dong , Lin Junda , Creswell R. LeRoy 
Published: April 2007

Abstract.A laboratory study was conducted to examine the effects of food level and water temperature on the ingestion rate in the larvae of the peppermint shrimp Lysmata wurdemanni, a popular aquarium species. Artemia nauplii were used as the food item. Number of newly hatched Artemia nauplii consumed by the larvae (from zoea II to zoea VII, zoea I can metamorphose to zoea II without exogenous nutrition in about one day) was measured daily at four food concentrations (2, 5, 10 and 20 Artemia nauplii/mL) and two temperature levels (25 C and 28 C). The experiment was conducted in 500‐mL beakers with three replicates for each treatment. The results show that the shrimp consumed significantly more food at 28 C than at 25 C (P < 0.01). Ingestion rate increased with increasing food concentration in all larval stages and with larval development except for the lowest food level (2 Artemia nauplii/mL) where insufficient food supply limited the ingestion rate to around 35 Artemia nauplii/ larva per d after zoea IV stage. The larval development rate was significantly lower (P < 0.05) in the shrimp subjected to the two lowest food concentrations (2 and 5 Artemia nauplii/mL) in the 500‐mL beakers. But in a separate experiment conducted in the 1,400‐mL beakers, the results were reversed: both survivorship and development rate were significantly lower at the two higher food levels (6 and 12 nauplii/mL) than those at 3 nauplii/mL level. During molting period, ingestion rate decreased significantly, followed by a sharp rise to the normal rate the following day.
All‐male Tilapia Hybrids of Two Strains of Oreochromis niloticus
Authors: Marengoni Nilton G. , Onoue Yoshio , Oyama Tetsuo 
Published: April 2007

AbstractHybridization between Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (Local and Stirling University strains) and blue tilapia O. aureus was found to be a tool to produce monosex populations. In order to select a purebred that produces all‐ or nearly all‐male hybrids with high productivity, O. niloticus females and their diploid gynogenetics (meiogynes and mitogynes) were hybridized with O. aureus males. The sex ratio of progenies was evaluated from inter‐ and intraspecific crosses of two strains of Nile tilapia. Single‐pair matings and group spawns under hatchery conditions showed no deviation (P > 0.01) from the expected sex ratio of intraspecific crosses among two strains of Nile tilapia. However, a higher proportion of male progenies in blue tilapia was observed in group spawns in pond (P < 0.004) and hatchery conditions (P < 0.01). Only the Stirling strain and mitogynes produced all‐male progenies under laboratory conditions. There were significant differences (P < 0.05) in growth among hybrid progeny groups, when gynogens and their regular O. niloticus (Local strain) females were crossed with O. aureus males. Six‐month hybrid offspring from mitogyne female parents grew better than those from regular and meiogyne female broods.
Regression Analysis of Soil Chemical Composition for Two Shrimp Farms in Texas
Authors: Ritvo Gad , Speed F. Michael , Neill William H. , Dixon Joe B. , Lawrence Addison L. , Samocha Tzachi M. 
Published: April 2007

Abstract.Several nutrients, pH, organic matter, and total soluble salts of surface soil from 81 ponds on two Texas shrimp farms were measured. The relationship between shrimp yield and soil characteristics was analyzed statistically. Shrimp yield was negatively correlated with soil concentrations of S, P, NO3‐, B, Ca, Mg, K, Na, Cu, and total water‐soluble salts. Shrimp yield was directly correlated with soil concentrations of Fe, Mn, and organic matter. Stepwise multiple regression analysis indicated that Ca and S concentrations explained 54% of the variation in shrimp yield.
Replacement of Soybean Meal by Lupin Meal in Practical Diets for Juvenile Penaeus monodon
Authors: Sudaryono Agung , And Elena Tsvetnenko , Evans Louis H. 
Published: April 2007

Abstract.The potential of lupin meal as an alternative protein source to soybean meal in isonitrogenous practical diets for the juvenile black tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon was evaluated through the studies of growth, digestibility and pellet water stability. Five isonitrogenous diets were formulated to contain 40% protein. Protein from dehulled Lupinus albus seed meal replaced 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% of the protein from defatted soybean in the diets. Juvenile P. monodon (4.35 × 0.31 g) were assigned randomly and fed each test diet at a daily feeding rate of 5 % body weight for 42 d in triplicate tanks equipped with a flow‐through sea water system. No statistically significant differences were observed in weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio (FCR), protein conversion efficiency and apparent protein utilization of shrimp fed diets with 0, 25, and 50% replacement. Shrimp fed the diet with total replacement of soybean meal by lupin meal had the poorest performance (P < 0.05) with regard to the above parameters. Survival was similar (87%) for all dietary treatments. The apparent dry matter digestibility and apparent protein digestibility were similar for all diets ranging between 70.5 and 72.8% and 89.7 and 90.8%, respectively. There was no significant difference in whole body composition (dry matter, lipid, protein and ash) of shrimp on the various diets. The poorest pellet water stability was displayed by the diet with 100% replacement while the diet containing a combination of soybean meal and lupin meal (50% replacement) was the most stable. The results have demonstrated that dehulled lupin seed L. albus meal has good potential as a substitute protein source for up to 50% of the protein from defatted soybean meal and could be included up to 17% inclusion level in juvenile P. monodon practical diets with no adverse effects on growth, feed intake, FCR, survival, feed utilization, body composition, and digestibility coefficients of dry matter and protein.
Effects of Seasonal Variations, Thyroid and Steroid Hormones, and Carp Pituitary Extract on the Artificial Production of Channel Catfish Ictalurus punctatus× Blue Catfish I. furcatus Hybrids
Authors: Lambert Dayton M. , Argue Brad J. , Liu Zhanjiang , Dunham Rex A. 
Published: April 2007

Abstract.The primary objective was to compare thyroid hormones and levels of carp pituitary extract for the artificial production of female Ictalurus punctatus× male I. furcatus hybrid catfish. The effects of different carp pituitary extract dosage rates (5, 6, 9, and 10 mg/kg), carp pituitary extract (6 and 10 mg/kg) supplemented with the thyroid hormones thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), or pregnenolone (DHP) were determined for inducing ovulation of female channel catfish, fertilization of channel catfish eggs with male blue catfish sperm, and hatching rate of these embryos. Hormone treatments thyroxine and tri‐iodothyronine with carp pituitary extract, carp pituitary extract alone, and pregnenolone with carp pituitary extract used to artificially produce hybrid catfish were not different in terms of ovulation rates, eggs/kg, fry/kg body weight of female channel catfish, fertilization rates, or hatching rates (P > 0.05). These findings suggest that lower amounts of carp pituitary extract may be used to induce spawn of female channel catfish for production of channel‐blue catfish hybrids and the addition of thyroid and steroid hormones is ineffective at the rates used in this study.
Dietary Vitamin C Requirement of Hybrid Striped Bass Morone chrysops♀× M. saxatilis ♂
Authors: Sealey Wendy M. , Gatlin Delbert M. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractA feeding trial was conducted to determine the dietary vitamin C requirement of juvenile hybrid striped bass Morone chrysops × M. saxatilis. Fish were fed a semi‐purified basal diet with 40% crude protein and an energy to protein ratio of 8 kcal/g for a conditioning period of 2 wk. This diet which was not supplemented with vitamin C contained approximately 6‐mg vitamin C/kg. Following conditioning, fish (approximately 0.55 g initial weight) were stocked as groups of 20 in 38‐L aquaria and fed the basal diet and experimental diets supplemented with 10, 20, 30, 45, 60, 75, or 150‐mg vitamin C/kg as ascorbate polyphosphate for a period of 10 wk. Fish fed the basal diet and the diet supplemented with 10‐mg vitamin C/kg exhibited signs of vitamin C deficiency including suppressed weight gain, reduced plasma and liver ascorbic acid levels, and abnormalities in isthmus cartilage formation. Plasma and liver ascorbic acid levels generally reflected dietary supplementation with the lowest levels occurring in fish fed the basal diet and higher levels in fish fed the supplemented diets. The minimum dietary requirement (±SE) based on non‐linear least squares regression analysis of weight gain was 22 (±6) mg vitamin C/kg diet.