bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Moyamoya disease in pediatric patients: outcomes of neurosurgical interventions
Authors: Veeravagu Anand , Guzman Raphael , Patil Chirag G. , Hou Lewis C. , Lee Marco , Steinberg Gary K. 
Published: February 2008

✓Neurosurgical interventions for moyamoya disease (MMD) in pediatric patients include direct, indirect, and combined revascularization procedures. Each technique has shown efficacy in the treatment of pediatric MMD; however, no single study has demonstrated the superiority of one technique over another. In this review, the authors explore the various studies focused on the use of these techniques for MMD in the pediatric population. They summarize the results of each study to clearly depict the clinical outcomes achieved at each institution that had utilized direct, indirect, or combined techniques. In certain studies, multiple techniques were used, and the clinical or radiological outcomes were compared accordingly.
Direct techniques have been shown to aid a reduction in perioperative strokes and provide immediate revascularization to ischemic areas; however, these procedures are technically challenging, and not all pediatric patients are appropriate candidates. Indirect techniques have also shown efficacy in the pediatric population but may require a longer period for revascularization to occur and perfusion deficits to be reversed. The authors concluded that the clinical efficacy of one technique over another is still unclear, as most studies have had small populations and the same outcome measures have not been applied. Authors who compared direct and indirect techniques noted approximately equal clinical outcomes with differences in radiological findings. Additional, larger studies are needed to determine the advantages and disadvantages of the different techniques for the pediatric age group.
Progression of disease in unilateral moyamoya syndrome
Authors: Smith Edward R. , Scott R. Michael 
Published: February 2008

Object
Progression of vasculopathy associated with moyamoya syndrome is extremely variable. The authors review their experience in patients with unilateral moyamoya syndrome to identify factors predictive of contralateral clinical and imaging-documented disease progression.

Methods
The authors reviewed the clinical and imaging records of all patients with moyamoya syndrome and unilateral disease who underwent cerebral revascularization surgery between January 1985 and June 2006 by using a standardized surgical procedure, pial synangiosis.

Results
Of 235 surgically treated patients with moyamoya syndrome, 33 (14%) presented with unilateral disease (4 adults and 29 children). There were 16 female and 17 male patients, with an average age of 10.4 years (26.8 years for adults and 8.1 years for children; range 1.5–39 years). Twenty patients presented with left-sided disease and 13 with right-sided disease.
The average follow-up after surgery was 5.3 years (3.1 years for adults and 5.6 years for children; range 1–16 years). During this period, 10 (30%) of 33 patients progressed to bilateral disease. The mean time until disease progression was 2.2 years (range 0.5–8.5 years). Factors associated with progression in this series included contralateral abnormalities on initial angiography, previous history of congenital cardiac anomaly, cranial irradiation, Asian ancestry, and familial moyamoya syndrome. Young age at diagnosis was associated with a more rapid rate of progression (age < 7 years, 0.9 years to progression and age ≥ 7 years, 3.1 years to progression).

Conclusions
Of patients with unilateral moyamoya syndrome, 30% will have progression of arteriopathy during long-term follow-up. In this series, the average time of progression from unilateral to bilateral angiographic disease was 2.2 years. Several factors, including contralateral abnormalities on initial imaging, congenital cardiac anomaly, previous cranial irradiation, Asian ancestry, and familial moyamoya syndrome, were associated with an increased risk of progression. Patients with known unilateral angiographic disease should undergo continued monitoring by using MR imaging and MR angiography at regular intervals. Treatment with pial synangiosis is safe and confers durable protection against stroke in patients with both bilateral and unilateral moyamoya syndrome.
The superficial temporal artery trunk as a donor vessel in cerebral revascularization: benefits and pitfalls
Authors: Alaraj Ali , Ashley William W. , Charbel Fady T. , Amin-Hanjani Sepideh 
Published: February 2008

Object
The superficial temporal artery (STA) is the mainstay of donor vessels for extracranial–intracranial bypass in cerebral revascularization. However, the typically used STA anterior or posterior branch is not always adequate in its flow-carrying capacity. In this report the authors describe the use of the STA trunk at the level of the zygoma as an alternative donor and highlight the benefits and pitfalls of this revascularization option.

Methods
The authors reviewed the cases of 4 patients in whom the STA trunk was used as a donor site for anastomosis of a short interposition vein graft. The graft was implanted into the middle cerebral artery to trap a cartoid aneurysm in 2 patients, and the posterior cerebral artery for vertebrobasilar insufficiency in the other 2. Discrepancies in size between the interposition vein and STA trunk were compensated for by a beveled end-to-end anastomosis or by implanting the STA trunk into the vein graft in an end-to-side fashion.

Results
Intraoperative flow measurements confirmed the significantly higher flow-carrying capacity of the STA trunk (54–100 ml/minute) compared with its branches (10–28 ml/minute). The STA trunk interposition graft has several advantages compared with an interposition graft to the cervical carotid, including a shorter graft and no need for a neck incision. However, in the setting of ruptured aneurysm trapping, with the risk of subsequent vasospasm, it is a poor conduit for endovascular therapies.

Conclusions
The STA trunk is a valuable donor option for cerebral revascularization, but should be avoided in the setting of subarachnoid hemorrhage.
Catalysis of Salicylaldehydes and Two Different CH Acids with Electricity: First Example of an Efficient Multicomponent Approach to the Design of Functionalized Medicinally Privileged 2‐Amino‐4H‐Chromene Scaffold
Authors: Elinson Michail N. , Dorofeev Alexander S. , Miloserdov Fedor M. , Ilovaisky Alexey I. , Feducovich Sergey K. , Belyakov Pavel A. , Nikishin Gennady I. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractElectrochemically induced multicomponent transformation of salicylaldehydes and two different CH acids in alcohols in an undivided cell in the presence of sodium bromide as an electrolyte results in the efficient and selective formation of diversely functionalized, medicinally privileged 2‐amino‐4H‐chromene scaffolds in 65–86% yields. The developed electrocatalytic system affords the distinction between two CH acids according to their reactivity, and offers an efficient approach to the 2‐amino‐4H‐chromene scaffold with a predefined arrangement of desired substituents. The electrocatalytic multicomponent reaction smoothly proceeds with salicylaldehydes bearing both electron‐donating and electron‐withdrawing groups. Thus, fifteen previously inaccessible, close structural analogues of the tumor antagonists HA14‐1 and MX58151 have been synthesized. The electrocatalytic process was found to be advantageous in terms of selectivity and yields compared to classic chemical base catalysis, and includes a remarkable mechanistic feature that is promising for the further development of 2‐amino‐4H‐chromene chemistry. The application of this convenient electrocatalytic multicomponent method to the formation of medicinally relevant 2‐amino‐4H‐chromenes is also beneficial from the viewpoint of diversity‐oriented large‐scale processes and represents a novel, facile and environmentally benign synthetic concept for multicomponent reaction strategy.
Graft rejection after hematopoietic cell transplantation with nonmyeloablative conditioning
Authors: Masmas Tania N. , Petersen Søren L. , Madsen Hans O. , Ryder Lars P. , Kornblit Brian , Svejgaard Arne , Andersen Pernille , Dickmeiss Ebbe , Vindeløv Lars L. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractGraft rejection after hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) with nonmyeloablative conditioning is a rare but serious clinical problem. Graft rejection and salvage therapy in eight patients in a retrospective analysis of 124 consecutive patients is reported. The patients were conditioned with low‐dose fludarabine and total body irradiation (TBI). The association of pretransplantation risk factors with rejection and the effect of chimerism and graft‐versus‐host disease on rejection were analyzed. Overall survival (OS) and progression free survival (PFS) were compared between patients with and without rejection. Retransplantation was performed with increased TBI conditioning for all patients, and with increased mycophenolate mofetil doses for recipients with HLA‐identical sibling donors. No known pretransplantation risk factors were confirmed in this study. Rejection episodes were unevenly distributed over time. The storage temperature of the apheresis products was identified as a risk factor for rejection. Storage of the apheresis products at 5°C diminished the risk of rejection. Low donor T cell chimerism at Day +14 significantly increased the risk of rejection. Seven patients were retransplanted. All but one engrafted successfully, but with decreased OS and PFS. Two patients received pentostatin infusion prior to donor lymphocyte infusions in unsuccessful attempts at reversing rejection. Storage temperature and donor chimerism had a significant effect on rejection. Following rejection, patients are at greater risk of dying from infections and progression/relapse of their malignancy. Retransplantation is feasible and well tolerated after HCT with nonmyeloablative conditioning and should be performed without delay in patients with imminent and manifest graft rejection. Am. J. Hematol. 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Identification of inflammatory and proresolving lipid mediators in bone marrow and their lipidomic profiles with ovariectomy and omega‐3 intake
Authors: Poulsen Raewyn C. , Gotlinger Katherine H. , Serhan Charles N. , Kruger Marlena C. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractNewly described lipoxygenase (LOX)‐generated lipid mediators, that is, resolvins and protectins as well as lipoxins, are both anti‐inflammatory and proresolving. We aimed to determine whether these lipid mediators are present in bone marrow and whether their lipidomic profiles are altered following ovariectomy or dietary supplementation with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) or docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) ethyl esters. Female rats were ovariectomised or sham‐operated. Shams and one ovariectomised group received a diet devoid of omega‐3 long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. The remaining ovariectomised rats received either 0.5 g EPA or DHA ethyl ester/kg body weight/day for 4 months. Bone marrow was analyzed using both GC to determine fatty acid composition and mediator lipidomics by LC/MS/MS profiling for the presence of LOX‐pathway lipid mediators derived from arachidonic acid (AA), EPA, and DHA. LOX‐derived products including lipoxins, resolvin D1, resolvin E1, and protectin D1 were identified in bone marrow by the presence of diagnostic ions in their corresponding MS‐MS spectra. The proportion of AA relative to DHA and of AA‐derived relative to DHA‐derived mediators in bone marrow was higher in ovariectomised compared to sham‐operated rats. DHA or EPA ethyl ester supplementation increased the percentage of DHA and EPA in bone marrow and increased the proportion of LOX mediators biosynthesized from DHA or EPA, respectively. Given the potent bioactivities of the lipoxins, resolvins, and protectins, the presence and changes in profile postovariectomy and with EPA and DHA ethyl ester supplementation may be of interest in bone marrow function and as a potential source of these mediators in vivo. Am. J. Hematol., 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Polymorphisms of the human platelet alloantigens HPA‐1, HPA‐2, HPA‐3, and HPA‐4 in ischemic stroke
Authors: Saidi Sarra , Mahjoub Touhami , Slamia Lamia B. , Ammou Sofyan B. , Al‐Subaie Abeer M. , Almawi Wassim Y. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractPolymorphism in human platelet antigen (HPA)‐1 and HPA‐3 (GPIIb/IIIa), HPA‐2 (GPIb/IX), HPA‐4 (GPIIIa), and HPA‐5 (GPIa/IIa) was investigated in 329 stroke patients and 444 matched control subjects. HPA genotyping was done by PCR‐SSP method. Lower HPA‐1a (P< 0.001) and higher HPA‐1b (P< 0.001) allele frequencies were seen in patients than control subjects, and homozygosity for HPA‐1b (P< 0.001) alleles was more prevalent in stroke cases than in controls. The allele and genotype distributions of the other HPA polymorphic variants were similar between cases and controls. Select HPA combined genotypes comprising the 2121 (Pc= 0.008) and 2221 (Pc= 0.018) genotypes, which were positively associated, and the 1111 (Pc< 0.001), which was negatively associated with stroke, thereby conferred a disease susceptibility and protective nature to these genotype combinations. Multivariate analysis confirmed the negative association of the 1111 (P< 0.001) and the positive association of the 2121 (P= 0.017) combined genotypes with stroke, after adjustment for a number of covariates. This is the first evidence demonstrating differential association of the common 4 HPA gene variants and specific HPA genotype combinations with stroke. Am. J. Hematol. 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Archaeological prospecting at the Double Ditch State Historic Site, North Dakota, USA
Authors: Kvamme Kenneth L. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractA four‐year programme of remote sensing at the Double Ditch State Historic Site, a fortified earthlodge village in the Great Plains of North Dakota, USA, demonstrates the importance of combined prospecting methods for understanding the multidimensional nature of complex settlements. Aerial survey from a powered parachute acquired high‐resolution digital colour and thermal infrared imagery. The former distinguishes houses, borrow pits and ditches from middens and fill areas by changes in vegetation; the latter does the same through temperature variations that also highlight substantial village deposits and century‐old excavations. Magnetic gradiometry reveals two previously unknown fortification systems that vastly increase the settlement's area and projected population to perhaps 2000 individuals. Vast numbers of food storage pits that supported that population are also indicated. Vertical soundings and area surveys of magnetic susceptibility aid in the understanding of storage pit magnetism and anthropogenic soil mounding and removal. A high‐resolution digital model of topography documents surface expressions caused by ditches, houses, borrow pits and mounds; when combined with overlays of geophysical data understanding of remote sensing responses is improved and relationships between large mounds with village defenses are made clear. Ground‐penetrating radar gives insights into mounded midden interior forms and yields details about house interior components, while electrical resistance results improve definition of middens, other depositional areas, houses and borrow pits. This multisensor remote sensing programme reduced excavation costs by allowing a wide variety of archaeological features of interest to be targeted accurately. Excavations confirmed anomaly identifications and established a chronology that documents late fifteenth century origins to an ultimate abandonment about AD 1782. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Searching for the missing baryons in theWarm‐Hot Intergalactic Medium
Authors: Barcons X. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractAt low redshift (z< 2), almost half of the baryons in the Universe are not found in bound structures like galaxies and clusters and therefore most likely reside in a Warm‐Hot Intergalactic Medium (WHIM), as predicted by simulations. Attempts to detect WHIM filaments at cosmological distances in absorption towards bright background sources have yielded controversial results that I review here. I argue that a secure detection of absorption features by the WHIM is at the limit of the XMM‐Newton capabilities, but feasible. A proper characterisation of the whole WHIM belongs to the realm of future X‐ray missions. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Planned and serendipitous surveys with XMM‐Newton
Authors: Watson M.G. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThis article compares and contrasts the virtues of planned (and normally contiguous) surveys with XMM‐Newton and the XMM‐Newton serendipitous sky survey and discusses various ways in which both the quality and efficiency of contiguous surveys with XMM‐Newton could potentially be improved. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Statistical properties of galaxy clusters
Authors: Böhringer H. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractGalaxy clusters are important probes to test cosmological models and interesting large‐scale laboratories for astrophysical phenomena. For both applications a precise knowledge of global cluster properties, especially their mass is important. X‐ray observations provide still the best key for the evaluation of cluster properties and the description of cluster structure. X‐ray observable–cluster property scaling relations are thus reviewed and new systematic galaxy cluster structure surveys with representative cluster samples are described. For the future precision testing of cosmological models we also need established cluster scaling relations for redshifts above one. First results and possible future XMM‐Newton large programmes are discussed. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Suzaku observations of clusters of galaxies
Authors: Matsushita K. , Suzaku SWG team  
Published: February 2008

AbstractWe review results of Suzaku observations of the intracluster medium of clusters of galaxies whose O, Mg, Si, S and Fe abundances have been measured with good accuracy due to the good energy resolution and low background. Metal massto‐light ratios were derived and we will discuss the origin of the metals. We also review the results of the search for bulk motion and hard X‐ray emission. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
XMM‐Newton and broad iron lines
Authors: Fabian A.C. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractIron line emission is common in the X‐ray spectra of accreting black holes. When the line emission is broad or variable then it is likely to originate from close to the black hole. X‐ray irradiation of the accretion flow by the power‐law X‐ray continuum produces the X‐ray ‘reflection’ spectrum which includes the iron line. The shape and variability of the iron lines and reflection can be used as a diagnostic of the radius, velocity and nature of the flow. The inner radius of the dense flow corresponds to the innermost stable circular orbit and thus can be used to determine the spin of the black hole. Studies of broad iron lines and reflection spectra offer much promise for understanding how the inner parts of accretion flows (and outflows) around black holes operate. There remains great potential for XMM‐Newton to continue to make significant progress in this work. The need for high quality spectra and thus for long exposure times is paramount. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Toward an unbiased sample of X‐ray selected normal galaxies outside the local Universe
Authors: Georgakakis A. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThis paper shows that our understanding of the statistical properties of X‐ray selected normal galaxies (e.g. X‐ray luminosity function) can be significantly improved by combining a wide‐area XMM‐Newton survey with the moderare resolution and high S/N optical spectroscopy of the SDSS. Such a combined dataset has the potential to minimise uncertainties that affect existing normal galaxy samples at X‐rays, such as small number statistics, cosmic variance, AGN contamination and incompleteness at bright X‐ray luminosities. It is demonstrated that a 100 deg2 XMM‐Newton survey in the SDSS area to the limit fX(0.5–2 keV) ≈ 5 × 10–15 erg cm–2 s–1 will detect over 400 X‐ray selected normal galaxies with excellent control over systematic biases, thereby providing tight contraints on the X‐ray luminosity function at z ≈ 0.1. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Supernova remnants, planetary nebulae and superbubbles: Prospects for new XMM‐Newton observations
Authors: Decourchelle A. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractImportant results achieved over the last years on supernova remnants, planetary nebulae and superbubbles are briefly reviewed in the context of X‐ray observations. I intend to review the important open scientific questions in these fields, and the specific contributions that can be made by XMM‐Newton. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Using X‐ray observations to identify the particle acceleration mechanisms in VHE SNRs and “dark” VHE sources
Authors: Pühlhofer G. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractVery high energy (VHE) γ‐ray observations have proven to be very successful in localizing Galactic acceleration sites of VHE particles. Observations of shell‐type supernova remnants have confirmed that particles are accelerated to VHE energies in supernova blast waves; the interpretation of the γ‐ray data in terms of hadronic or leptonic particle components in these objects relies nevertheless strongly on input from X‐ray observations. The largest identified Galactic VHE source class consists of pulsar wind nebulae, as detected in X‐rays. Many of the remaining VHE sources remain however unidentified until now. With X‐ray observations of these enigmatic “dark” objects one hopes to solve the following questions: What is the astrophysical nature of these sources? Are they predominantly electron or hadron accelerators? And what is their contribution to the overall cosmic ray energy budget? The paper aims to provide an overview over the identification status of the Galactic VHE source population. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
>“Resolving” neutron stars physics and geometry
Authors: Caraveo P.A. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe unprecedented harvest of X‐ray photons detected from dozens of isolated neutron stars has made it possible to glimpse at their emission mechanisms as well as at their emission geometry. Rotating hot spot(s), superimposed to the global thermal emission from the neutron star surface, are seen from several objects, allowing to probe the stars' external heating sources. Non‐thermal emission is also seen to vary as the stars rotate. Moreover, absorption features have been detected in the spectra of several objects, allowing to probe (tentatively) the stars' magnetic fields. Spectacular tails, trailing the stars' supersonic motion, trace the boundaries of the relativist winds streaming from the star's magnetosphere. Apart from classical radio pulsar and certified radio‐quiet neutron stars, XMM‐Newton has devoted significant observation time to the enigmatic central compact objects, presumably isolated neutron stars shining at the center of their supernova remnants. Far from showing a unifying behaviour, XMM‐Newton data have unveiled a surprising diversity. Understanding the reason(s) behind such diversity is the challenge for the next decade of X‐ray observations. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Open questions on black hole binaries
Authors: Kaaret P. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractI discuss open questions regarding accreting black holes in binary systems, focusing on two questions: can we measure the spins of black holes and what is the nature of the ultraluminous X‐ray sources. XMM‐Newton could make significant strides in answering these questions and others over the next ten years. I suggest two observational programs designed to help increase our understanding of accreting black holes. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)