bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PVU II POLYMORPHISM OF LST‐1 (LEUCOCYTE SPECIFIC TRANSCRIPT‐1) IN TYPE I DIABETES MELLITUS, GRAVES’ DISEASE AND HEALTHY CONTROLS
Authors: Rau H. , Usadel K.H. , Ommert S. , Badenhoop K. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYThe polymorphism of the LST‐1 gene (the human homologue of the mouse B144 gene) can be identified by Pvu II restriction enzyme digestion. We investigated the contribution of this RFLP to disease susceptibility in 117 patients with type I diabetes mellitus (IDDM), 110 with Graves’ disease (GD) and 93 healthy controls. The distribution of the different LST‐1 alleles (LST‐1*1:1323bp, LST‐1*2:610bp/713) was similar among IDDM and GD patients as well as in controls. The combination of DQA1*0501, DQB1*0201 and DQB1*0301, all predisposing to endocrine autoimmune disease, with LST‐1*1 or LST‐1*2 was not increased in patients. Analysis of two informative families with IDDM demonstrated cosegregation of DQA1 and DQB1 alleles with LST‐1 alleles. No association of LST‐1 polymorphisms with IDDM nor GD could be demonstrated.
QUANTIFICATION AND MOLECULAR ANALYSIS OF PLASMATIC HLA‐BCw MOLECULES WITH A LOCUS B AND Cw HLA SPECIFIC mAb (B1.23.2mAb)
Authors: Drouet M. , Aussel L. , Drenou B. , Fauchet R. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYPlasmatic HLA class I molecules were analysed quantitatively and qualitatively with a B and Cw locus‐specific mAb, B 1.23.2. sHLA‐BCw were detected among all individuals with a wide range of concentration. The HLA‐A29(19) allele was significantly associated with an increased sHLA‐BCw mean concentration. Three different isoforms of relative molecular weights of 44, 39 and 36kDa were detected. The 39kDa class I heavy chain was not detected after immunoprecipitation with mAb B 1.23.2 in 17% of tested plasma, but was immunoprecipitated with W6/32 mAb.
MULTIPLEX ARMS‐PCR‐RFLP METHOD FOR HIGH‐RESOLUTION TYPING OF HLA‐DRB1
Authors: Mitsunaga S. , Oguchi T. , Moriyama S. , Tokunaga K. , Akaza T. , Tadokoro K. , Juji T. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYA reliable method for high‐resolution HLA‐DRB1 typing using the combination of group‐specific amplification and RFLP analysis is described. Group‐specific PCR amplification (multiplex ARMS‐PCR) was carried out under the same conditions for all groups using seven different primer pairs divided into four groups: (1) DR1 and DR10; (2) DR2, DR7 and DR9; (3) DR3, DR5, DR6 and DR8, and (4) DR4. The subsequent polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used to determine the group(s) contained in each sample. DR1, DR2/7, DR3/5/6/8, DR4, DRB1*0901 and DRB1 * 1001 could be distinguished easily using this system. Computer analysis of the various restriction enzyme cleavage sites was carried out on 105 DRB1 allele sequences. It was shown that all DRB1 alleles, except for five allele pairs and some alleles possessing silent mutations, could be distinguished with commonly available restriction endonucleases. Computer analyses on the discrimination of the heterozygous and homozygous combinations were also carried out. Although some heterozygous combinations could not be distinguished with single digestion, double digestion using two restriction enzymes could distinguish most of such heterozygotes. The results of the typing of 100 Japanese individuals using this method showed good agreement with those obtained by other methods.
FREQUENCY OF Gm AND Km PHENOTYPES IN CHILDREN WITH MUMPS MENINGITIS
Authors: Kacprzak‐Bergman I. , Haasa J. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYChildren with mumps meningitis, with mumps without meningitis and healthy subjects were examined for Gm 1, 2, 3, 5, 21 allotypes and for the Km 1 allotype. The comparison of the frequencies of Gm and Km phenotypes in three tested groups (each to the other) did not reveal significant differences. An association between mumps meningitis and the Gm or Km phenotypes was not found.
DNA TYPING OF DQ AND DR ALLELES IN IgA‐DEFICIENT SUBJECTS
Authors: Fiore M. , Pera C. , Delfino L. , Scotese I. , Ferrara G. B. , Pignata C. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYIgA deficiency (IgA‐D) represents the most common immunodeficiency syndrome of infancy. In most cases IgA‐D represents an isolated immunological disorder, while sometimes it is associated with IgG subclass deficiency or with the presence of autoantibodies. We investigated the pattern of association of IgA‐D with DRB1 and DQB1 loci of the HLA region by DNA molecular typing, which allows the identification of previously serologically undefined specificities. We also compared the gene frequency of DRB1 and DQB1 allelic variants between IgA‐D subjects with or without serum autoantibodies. Our results indicate that the gene frequency of the DRB1*0102 subtype and of the DRBP0102, DQB1*0501 haplotype is significantly higher in IgA‐D than in the general population. Furthermore, the IgA‐D subjects with autoantibodies showed a positive association with DR4 and DR13 subtypes, thus supporting the hypothesis that genetic factors are also involved in the association between IgA‐D and autoantibodies.
THE ROLE OF HLA CLASS II ANTIGENS IN THE INDUCTION OF CYTOTOXIC T LYMPHOCYTES
Authors: Demeŝová V. , Buc M. , Ferenĉiak S. , Sasazuki T. , Shawkatová I. , PORUBSKA S. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYInvestigation of pairs of unrelated persons mismatched for a particular HLA‐DQB1 or ‐DPB1 gene on the induction of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) revealed that HLA‐DQ and HLA‐DP antigens provided a slight proliferative stimulus which was, however, sufficient for the generation of CTL. Monomorphic anti‐DQ and anti‐DP monoclonal antibodies abrogated the induction of cytotoxic response. The results indicate that the HLA‐DQ and HLA‐DP antigens play a similar role to HLA‐DR specificities in clinical bone marrow transplantation.
C4 NULL ALLELES IN A SWEDISH POPULATION
Authors: Nityanand S. , Dawkins R.L. , Lithell. H. , HOLM G. , Lefvert A.K. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYThe distribution of C4 null alleles (C4Q0) was studied in a Swedish population comprising 410 male individuals from Stockholm County and Uppsala City. The prevalances of homozygous C4A*Q0 and C4B*Q0 determined by analysing the gene products in serum were 5.0 and 5.6%, respectively, in the Stockholm population and 4.0% each in the Uppsala population. These values are higher than those previously reported from other Caucasian populations. The finding reflects a different genetic composition of the Swedish population and may have relevance to the disease spectrum in this population as compared to other Caucasian populations.
EXPRESSION OF THE RAT MHC CLASS I GENE IN THE HUMAN B LYMPHOBLASTOID CELL LINE Hmy 2 CIR
Authors: Salgar S.K. , Kunz H.W. , Gill T.J. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYRat MHC class I cDNA (e.g. RT1.A1) can be expressed optimally as a heterodimer consisting of the rat heavy chain and the human (β2‐microglobulin in the human B lymphoblastoid cell line Hmy 2 CIR, which offers several advantages. Gene expression was detected by flow cytometry using anti‐human [β2‐microglobulin and anti‐rat heavy chain antibodies.
HLA DQ AND DP IN FINNISH FAMILIES WITH CELIAC DISEASE
Authors: Polvi A. , Eland C. , Koskimies S. , Mäki M. , Partanen J. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYWe studied DQA1, DQB1, and DPB1 alleles in 31 Finnish families with celiac disease (CD). All healthy first‐degree relatives underwent clinical investigation, including in most cases biopsy, to establish whether clinically silent CD was present. Our results indicate that all patients, having either full clinical CD or its silent form, had the susceptibility alleles DQA1*0501 and DQB1*0201. The different clinical outcomes of CD were therefore not directly determined by the DQ alleles. The frequency of DPB1*0101 was also higher in CD patients, but the association appeared secondary to those of DQA1*0501 and DQB1*0201 (DQ2). The primary association of CD with the DQA1*0501 and DQB1*0201 alleles, rather than with HLA haplotypes, was confirmed in multiplex families.
ROUTINE LOW AND HIGH RESOLUTION TYPING OF THE HLA‐DRB GENE USING THE PCR‐MPH (MICROTITRE PLATE HYBRIDIZATION) METHOD
Authors: Kawai S. , Maekawajiri S. , Tokunaga K. , Kashiwase K. , Miyamoto M. , Akaza T. , Juji T. , Yamane A. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYWe describe HLA‐DRB1 typing using polymerase chain reaction‐based microtitre plate hybridization (PCR‐MPH), which can process large numbers of samples. MPH typing is similar to an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), in which a tandemly ligated sequence‐specific oligonucleotide is immobilized on microtitre wells. The typing procedure consisted of two steps. In the first, PCR‐MPH with 16 probes was performed to determine the specificities of the serological levels (DR1, DR2, DR3, DR4, DR11, DR12, DR13, DR14, DR7, DR8, DR9 and DR10) after generic amplification (‘low resolution typing’). In the second step, DR1, DR2, DR4, DR 12/8 and DR3/11/13/14 were group‐specifically amplified based on the results of the first PCR‐MPH, and microtitre plate hybridization proceeded in a similar manner to the first step (‘high resolution typing’). Low resolution typing was completed within 2 h after generic amplification, and the results of high resolution typing were obtained in another 3.5 h after amplification. The allelic types classified using PCR‐MPH were completely concordant with those obtained by PCR‐ single‐strand conformation polymorphism or PCR‐restriction fragment length polymorphism.
HLA ANTIGENS IN AMERINDIAN GROUPS OF TWO DIFFERENT LINGUISTIC FAMILIES FROM COLOMBIA
Authors: Briceno I. , Bernal J.E. , Duran C. , Ortega J. , Umana A. , Gomez A. , Papiha S.S. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYSerological HLA types (A, B, C, DR and DQ loci) were studied in five different Indian tribes (Cubeo, Tucano, Coreguaje, Embera and Noanama) belonging to two distinct linguistic families. For all the MHC loci, the range of variation among the five tribes was enormous. Two tribes, Cubeo and Tucano, showed a wide spectrum of antigenic specificities which seemed to be due to admixture from non‐tribal groups, while in the other three tribes the polymorphisms of various HLA loci showed restricted distributions. The gene frequency data, when converted to a kinship matrix and a two‐dimensional eigenvector plot, indicated that members of the same linguistic family tend to have greater genetic affinity.
Constraints on spinning dust towards Galactic targets with the Very Small Array: a tentative detection of excess microwave emission towards 3C396
Authors: Scaife Anna , Green David A. , Battye Richard A. , Davies Rod D. , Davis Richard J. , Dickinson Clive , Franzen Thomas , Génova-Santos Ricardo , Grainge Keith , Hafez Yaser A. , Hobson Michael P. , Lasenby Anthony , Pooley Guy G. , Rajguru Nutan , Rebolo Rafael , Rubiño-Martin José Alberto , Saunders Richard D. E. , Scott Paul F. , Titterington David , Waldram Elizabeth , Watson Robert A. 
Published: April 2007

Abstract
We present results from observations made at 33 GHz with the Very Small Array (VSA) telescope towards potential candidates in the Galactic plane for spinning dust emission. In the cases of the diffuse H ii regions LPH96 and NRAO591 we find no evidence for anomalous emission and, in combination with Effelsberg data at 1.4 and 2.7 GHz, confirm that their spectra are consistent with optically thin free–free emission. In the case of the infrared bright supernova remnant 3C396 we find emission inconsistent with a purely non-thermal spectrum and discuss the possibility of this excess arising from either a spinning dust component or a shallow spectrum pulsar wind nebula, although we conclude that the second case is unlikely given the strong constraints available from lower-frequency radio images.
Differences in the Correlates of Physical Activity Between Urban and Rural Canadian Youth
Authors: Loucaides Constantinos A. , Plotnikoff Ronald C. , Bercovitz Kim 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACTBackground:  Despite the benefits of physical activity (PA), a significant proportion of youth remains inactive. Studies assessing differences in the correlates of PA among urban and rural youth are scarce, and such investigations can help identify subgroups of the population that may need to be targeted for special intervention programs. The purpose of this study was to assess differences in the correlates of PA between Canadian urban and rural youth.Methods:  The sample consisted of 1398 adolescents from 4 urban schools and 1290 adolescents from 4 rural schools. Mean age of the participants was 15.6 ± 1.3 years. Hierarchical regression analyses were used to examine the association between self‐reported PA and a number of demographic, psychological, behavioral, and social correlates.Results:  Common correlates between the 2 locations included gender (with girls being less active than boys) perceptions of athletic/physical ability, self‐efficacy, interest in organized group activities, use of recreation time, and friends’ and siblings’ frequency of participation in PA. Active commuting to school and taking a physical education class were unique correlates of PA at the multivariate level in urban and rural students, respectively. Variance explained in PA ranged from 43% for urban school students to 38% for rural school students.Conclusions:  Although more similarities than discrepancies were found in the correlates of PA between the 2 geographical locations, findings from this study strengthen the policies that argue for a coordinated multisector approach to the promotion of PA in youth, which include the family, school, and community.
Cardiovascular disease, hypertension, dyslipidaemia and obesity in patients with hypothalamic-pituitary disease
Authors: Deepak D , Furlong N J , Wilding J P H , MacFarlane I A 
Published: April 2007

Abstract

Objective
Adults with hypothalamic-pituitary disease have increased morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular disease (CVD). Therefore, the prevalence of CVD and adequacy of treatment of cardiovascular risk factors (according to current treatment guidelines) was studied in a large group of patients with hypothalamic-pituitary disease.

Study design
In 2005, 152 consecutive adult patients with hypothalamic-pituitary disease attending our neuro-endocrine centre were clinically examined and blood pressure (BP), lipid profile, type 2 diabetes mellitus, body composition and smoking status were assessed.

Results
Of the 152 patients, 36.8% had treated hypertension and 28.2% had treated dyslipidaemia. Many of these patients had inadequate BP control (BP &gt;140/85 mm Hg, 44.6%) and undesirable lipid levels (total cholesterol &gt;4.0 mmol/l, 69%). Also, many of the untreated patients had BP and lipid levels which should have been considered for treatment (26 patients (27%) and 83 patients (76%), respectively). Smoking was admitted in 18% of patients. Central adiposity was present in 86% and obesity (body mass index ⩾30) was present in 50%.

Conclusions
Cardiovascular risk factors are highly prevalent and often inadequately treated in adult patients with hypothalamic-pituitary disease. Aggressive treatment of these factors is essential to reduce mortality and morbidity from CVD in these patients.
Immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) and biologic therapy: a medical revolution
Authors: Kuek Annabel , Hazleman Brian L , Östör Andrew J K 
Published: April 2007

Abstract
Targeted biologic therapies have revolutionised treatment of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) due to their efficacy, speed of onset and tolerability. The discovery that clinically unrelated conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis and Crohn's disease, share similar immune dysregulation has led to a shift in the management of IMIDs from one of organ-based symptom relief to mechanism-based treatment. The fact that anticytokine therapy has been effective in treating multiple orphan inflammatory conditions confirms the IMID paradigm. In this review we examine the biologic agents currently licensed for use in the US and Europe: infliximab, etanercept, adalimumab, rituximab, abatacept, anakinra, alefacept and efalizumab. We also discuss the rationale behind the management of IMIDs using rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn's disease, psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis as examples. For the medical profession, IMID represents a breakthrough in the way pathology is classified. In this burgeoning era of biologic therapy the prospect of complete disease remission is conceivable.
Recent development of ischaemic heart disease in sex difference
Authors: Shu Wang , Lei Wang , Peng Song 
Published: April 2007

Abstract
Despite a dramatic decline in mortality over the past years, coronary heart disease is the leading cause of death and disability in the world. At the same time, with the great improvement of medical science, there is a growing population of postmyocardial infarction, postrevascularisation and heart failure survivors. Furthermore, there are rising rates of cigarette smoking, obesity, hypertension and the metabolic syndrome in the world. All the above contribute to the rising incidence rates of ischaemic heart disease (IHD) among women and men. This review highlights sex-specific issues in IHD presentation, evaluation and outcomes, with several new results published from the Women's Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation study. New evidence on traditional and novel risk markers as well as sex-specific differences in symptoms and diagnostic approaches have also been discussed.
The use of elearning in medical education: a review of the current situation
Authors: Choules A P 
Published: April 2007

Abstract
Computers are increasingly used in medical education. Electronic learning (elearning) is moving from textbooks in electronic format (that are increasingly enhanced by the use of multimedia adjuncts) to a truly interactive medium that can be delivered to meet the educational needs of students and postgraduate learners. Computer technology can present reliable, reusable content in a format that is convenient to the learner. It can be used to transcend geographical boundaries and time zones. It is a valuable tool to add to the medical teacher's toolkit, but like all tools it must be used appropriately. This article endeavours to review the current “state of the art2 in use of elearning and its role in medical education alongside non-electronic methods—a combination that is currently referred to as “blended” learning.
c-Met Is a Potentially New Therapeutic Target for Treatment of Human Melanoma
Authors: Puri Neelu , Ahmed Salman , Janamanchi Varalakshmi , Tretiakova Maria , Zumba Osvaldo , Krausz Thomas , Jagadeeswaran Ramasamy , Salgia Ravi 
Published: April 2007

AbstractPurpose: c-Met is a receptor tyrosine kinase involved in cell growth, invasion, metastases, and angiogenesis. In this study, we investigated the role of c-Met in melanoma biology using a novel small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor SU11274 and small interfering (si) RNA against the receptor.Experimental Design: The effects of SU11274 and c-Met siRNA were studied on proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, reactive oxygen species, and intracellular signaling. c-Met mutations were examined, and the expression of c-Met and activated c-Met was studied in nevi, primary, and metastatic melanoma.Results: c-Met was expressed in 6:7 melanoma cell lines by immunoblotting. SU11274 inhibited cell growth in all melanoma cell lines by 85% to 98% with an IC50 between 1 and 2.5 μmol/L and caused apoptosis (12-58%) in five out of six cell lines. siRNA against c-Met inhibited proliferation of melanoma cells by 60%. This is the first study that shows that SU11274 and siRNA induced microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) and several other melanoma differentiation proteins and a morphologically differentiated phenotype. SU11274 also inhibited reactive oxygen species formation and phosphorylation of c-Met receptor, AKT and S-6 kinase by the hepatocyte growth factor. A new missense c-Met mutation N948S was identified in cell lines and R988C in tumor tissue in the juxtamembrane domain of c-Met. It was found that c-Met was expressed in 88% of melanomas and 15% of nevi, and that c-Met (pY1003) was activated in 21% of human melanomas.Conclusion: These results support the role of c-Met in proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, and tumor progression of melanoma. SU11274 could be used in the therapeutic inhibition of melanoma.
Accelerated Preclinical Testing Using Transplanted Tumors from Genetically Engineered Mouse Breast Cancer Models
Authors: Varticovski Lyuba , Hollingshead Melinda G. , Robles Ana I. , Wu Xiaolin , Cherry James , Munroe David J. , Lukes Luanne , Anver Miriam R. , Carter John P. , Borgel Suzanne D. , Stotler Howard , Bonomi Carrie A. , Nunez Nomelí P. , Hursting Stephen D. , Qiao Wenhui , Deng Chuxia X. , Green Jeff E. , Hunter Kent W. , Merlino Glenn , Steeg Patricia S. , Wakefield Lalage M. , Barrett J. Carl 
Published: April 2007

AbstractPurpose: The use of genetically engineered mouse (GEM) models for preclinical testing of anticancer therapies is hampered by variable tumor latency, incomplete penetrance, and complicated breeding schemes. Here, we describe and validate a transplantation strategy that circumvents some of these difficulties.Experimental Design: Tumor fragments from tumor-bearing MMTV-PyMT or cell suspensions from MMTV-PyMT, -Her2/neu, -wnt1, -wnt1/p53+/−, BRCA1/p53+/−, and C3(1)T-Ag mice were transplanted into the mammary fat pad or s.c. into naïve syngeneic or immunosuppressed mice. Tumor development was monitored and tissues were processed for histopathology and gene expression profiling. Metastasis was scored 60 days after the removal of transplanted tumors.Results: PyMT tumor fragments and cell suspensions from anterior glands grew faster than posterior tumors in serial passages regardless of the site of implantation. Microarray analysis revealed genetic differences between these tumors. The transplantation was reproducible using anterior tumors from multiple GEM, and tumor growth rate correlated with the number of transplanted cells. Similar morphologic appearances were observed in original and transplanted tumors. Metastasis developed in &gt;90% of mice transplanted with PyMT, 40% with BRCA1/p53+/− and wnt1/p53+/−, and 15% with Her2/neu tumors. Expansion of PyMT and wnt1 tumors by serial transplantation for two passages did not lead to significant changes in gene expression. PyMT-transplanted tumors and anterior tumors of transgenic mice showed similar sensitivities to cyclophosphamide and paclitaxel.Conclusions: Transplantation of GEM tumors can provide a large cohort of mice bearing mammary tumors at the same stage of tumor development and with defined frequency of metastasis in a well-characterized molecular and genetic background.