bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EFFECT OF MIR-21-3P ON INTESTINAL INJURY IN RATS WITH TRAUMATIC HEMORRHAGIC SHOCK RESUSCITATED WITH THE SODIUM BICARBONATE RINGER'S SOLUTION
Authors: Li Lei , Jiang Hai , Qiu Zhaolei , Wang Zhenjie , Hu Zhansheng 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT

Background: This study aims to determine the impact and mechanism of miR-21-3p on intestinal injury and intestinal glycocalyx during fluid resuscitation in traumatic hemorrhagic shock (THS), and the different impacts of sodium lactate Ringer's solution (LRS) and sodium bicarbonate Ringer's solution (BRS) for resuscitation on intestinal damage. Methods: A rat model of THS was induced by hemorrhage from the left femur fracture. The pathological changes of intestinal tissues and glycocalyx structure were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining and transmission electron microscope. MiR-21-3p expression in intestinal tissues was detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The expression of glycocalyx–, cell junction–, and PI3K/Akt/NF-κB signaling pathway–related proteins was analyzed by western blot. Results: MiR-21-3p expression was increased in THS rats, which was suppressed by resuscitation with BRS. BRS or LRS aggravated the intestinal injury and damaged intestinal glycocalyx in THS rats. The expression of SDC-1, HPA, β-catenin, MMP2, and MMP9 was upregulated, the expression of E-cad was downregulated, and the PI3K/Akt/NF-κB signaling pathway was activated in THS rats, which were further aggravated by BRS or LRS. The adverse effect of LRS was more serious than BRS. MiR-21-3p overexpression deteriorated the injury of intestinal tissues and intestinal glycocalyx; increased the expression of SDC-1, HPA, β-catenin, MMP2, and MMP9 while decreasing E-cad expression; and activated the PI3K/Akt/NF-κB signaling pathway in BRS-resuscitated THS rats. Conclusion: MiR-21-3p aggravated intestinal tissue injury and intestinal glycocalyx damage through activating PI3K/Akt/NF-κB signaling pathway in rats with THS resuscitated with BRS.
REMIMAZOLAM IMPROVES THE MARKERS OF POSTRESUSCITATION CEREBRAL INJURY IN A SWINE MODEL OF CARDIAC ARREST
Authors: Shen Rongrong , Liu Zhilin , Fei Li , Zhang Yixiang , Xu Linwu , Xuan Chaoqi 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACTIntroduction:Previous studies have manifested that those sedatives acting on γ-aminobutyric acid A (GABAa) receptor could produce effective brain protection against regional and global ischemic stimulation. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of a novel GABAa receptor agonist, remimazolam postconditioning (RP) on cerebral outcome after global ischemic stimulation induced by cardiac arrest and resuscitation in swine.Methods:A total of 24 swine were used in this study, in which the animals were randomly divided into the following three groups: sham group (n = 6), cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) group (n = 9), and CPR + RP group (n = 9). The experimental model was established by the procedure of 10 min of cardiac arrest and 5 min of CPR. Those resuscitated swine in the CPR + RP group received an intravenous infusion of 2.5 mg/kg of remimazolam within 60 min. Postresuscitation cerebral injury biomarkers and neurological function were evaluated for a total of 24 h. At 24 h after resuscitation, brain cortex was harvested to evaluate the severity of pathologic damage, including tissue inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and necroptosis.Results:Baseline characteristics and CPR outcomes were not significantly different between the CPR and CPR + RP groups. After resuscitation, significantly greater cerebral injury and neurological dysfunction were observed in the CPR and CPR + RP groups than in the sham group. However, remimazolam postconditioning significantly alleviated cerebral injury and improved neurological dysfunction after resuscitation when compared with the CPR group. At 24 h after resuscitation, tissue inflammation, oxidative stress, and cell apoptosis and necroptosis were significantly increased in the CPR and CPR + RP groups when compared with the sham group. Nevertheless, the severity of pathologic damage mentioned previously were significantly milder in those swine treated with the remimazolam when compared with the CPR group.Conclusions:In a swine model of cardiac arrest and resuscitation, the remimazolam administered after resuscitation significantly improved the markers of postresuscitation cerebral injury and therefore protected the brain against global ischemic stimulation.
CAUSAL ROLES OF SERUM URIC ACID LEVELS AND GOUT IN SEPSIS: A MENDELIAN RANDOMIZATION STUDY
Authors: Qin Yujun , Yang Xia , Ning Zong 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT

Objective: Several epidemiological studies have identified a potential link between serum uric acid (UA), gout, and sepsis. The primary objective of this study is to delve deeper into this connection, investigating the causal effect of UA and gout on sepsis by applying Mendelian randomization (MR). Methods: The causal relationship was analyzed using data from Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS). Inverse variance weighting (IVW) was used as the main analysis method. Three complementary methods were used for our MR analysis, which included the MR-Egger regression method, the weighted median method, the simple median method. Horizontal pleiotropy was identified by MR-Egger intercept test. Cochran’s Q statistics were employed to assess the existence of instrument heterogeneity. The leave-one-out method was used as a sensitivity analysis. Results: The IVW results indicated that there was a positive causal relationship between UA and sepsis (critical care) (odds ratio [OR] = 0.24, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.04 to 0.43, P = 0.018, F = 4,291.20). There was no significant association between UA and sepsis (28-day death in critical care) (OR = 0.10, 95% CI = −0.29 to 0.50, P = 0.604). There was no significant association between gout and sepsis (critical care) (OR = 0.85, 95% CI = −4.87 to 6.57, P = 0.771), and sepsis (28-day death in critical care) (OR = −6.30, 95% CI = −17.41 to 4.81, P = 0.267). Horizontal pleiotropy was absent in this study. The results were robust under all sensitivity analyses. Conclusion: The study revealed that elevated UA levels were causally linked with sepsis (critical care). No causal relationship had been found between UA and sepsis (28-day death in critical care), as well as between gout and sepsis.
First Case Report of Disseminated Gonococcal Arthritis in Newfoundland & Labrador
Authors: Karsenti Nessika , Nelder Matthew , LeMeissurier Jennifer , Bourassa-Blanchette Samuel , Taylor Robert 
Published: March 2024

Introduction: Disseminated gonococcal infections (DGIs) are a rare but often debilitating complication of N. gonorrhoeae infections. Often presenting as arthritis-dermatitis syndrome, true suppurative joint infections are an even more rare form of DGI. Here, we present the first known case of DGI in Newfoundland and Labrador in over 10 years.
Case report: A 50-year-old man who is known to inject drugs with multiple housing and social challenges presented to the emergency department with a two-day history of an isolated painful, erythematous knee. After being assessed by orthopedics and undergoing an operative debridement, intraoperative cultures grew N. gonorrhoeae. He was treated with IV ceftriaxone, and his course in hospital was complicated by inadequate pain control and a lack of stable housing.
Conclusion: DGIs, while rare, need to remain on any clinician’s differential for septic arthritis given the increasing prevalence of gonorrheal infections in Canada, and in Newfoundland and Labrador. In addition, patients who are at risk of delaying accessing care, such as people who inject drugs and unhoused individuals, are at higher risk of complicated hospital stays.
Bacteriological profile of community peritonitis operated in a Moroccan Hospital
Authors: BAZHAR SAMIA , Benaissa Elmostafa , Ziad Fatima , Laamara Leila , Ben Lahlou Yassine , Chadli Mariama , Elouennass Mostafa 
Published: March 2024

Introduction. Peritonitis is characterized by acute inflammation of the peritoneum, often resulting from digestive organ perforation or intra-abdominal septic focus. It may be either of infectious or noninfectious origin. The germs involved are those of the digestive flora (Enterobacteriaceae and Anaerobic), while gram-positive cocci and yeasts can be isolated in nosocomial infections. Our study aims to isolate and identify the germs involved in community-acquired peritonitis, in order to assess their susceptibility to the antibiotics available in our Country.

Methods. This is a retrospective study of bacteriological profile of community peritonitis in Rabat Morocco. A total of 150 adult patients with peritonitis, were admitted and samples were collected intraoperatively for bacteriological examination between July 1, 2022 and April 30, 2023.

Results. Among the 150 patients, 101 (67.8%) were males and 48 (32.2%) were females, with sex/ratio of 2.1. The mean age of the patients was 40.5 years +/- 20.12. The distribution of germs was dominated by Escherichia coli (44%). Overall, 70% of Escherichia coli isolated, had a resistance to Ampicillin but no resistance to Ampicillin has been reported by Enterococcus.

Discussion. In the present study, we were interested in the bacteriological profile of community peritonitis, in order to adapt the antibiotic therapy to our bacterial ecology.
Our findings indicate a concerning trend of increasing resistance among Escherichia coli to the commonly used Amoxicillin/Clavulanic Acid combination in our clinical setting.

Conclusion. Consequently, there is a need to reassess the empiric antibiotic prescribed for the management of community-acquired peritonitis.
Gene-language models are whole genome representation learners
Authors: Naidenov Bryan , Chen Charles 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe language of genetic code embodies a complex grammar and rich syntax of interacting molecular elements. Recent advances in self-supervision and feature learning suggest that statistical learning techniques can identify high-quality quantitative representations from inherent semantic structure. We present a gene-based language model that generates whole-genome vector representations from a population of 16 disease-causing bacterial species by leveraging natural contrastive characteristics between individuals. To achieve this, we developed a set-based learning objective, AB learning, that compares the annotated gene content of two population subsets for use in optimization. Using this foundational objective, we trained a Transformer model to backpropagate information into dense genome vector representations. The resulting bacterial representations, or embeddings, captured important population structure characteristics, like delineations across serotypes and host specificity preferences. Their vector quantities encoded the relevant functional information necessary to achieve state-of-the-art genomic supervised prediction accuracy in 11 out of 12 antibiotic resistance phenotypes.TeaserDeep transformers capture and encode gene language content to derive versatile latent embeddings of microbial genomes.
Language Abnormalities in Alzheimer’s Disease Arise from Reduced Informativeness: A Cross-Linguistic Study in English and Persian
Authors: Bayat Sabereh , Santai Mahya , Panahi Mehrdad Mohammad , Khodadadi Amirhossein , Ghassimi Mahdieh , Rezaei Sahar , Besharat Sara , Mahboubi Zahra , Almasi Mostafa , Taheri Morteza Sanei , Dickerson Bradford C , Rezaii Neguine 
Published: March 2024

AbstractINTRODUCTIONThis research investigates the psycholinguistic origins of language impairments in Alzheimer’s Disease (AD), questioning if these impairments result from language-specific structural disruptions or from a universal deficit in generating meaningful content.METHODSCross-linguistic analysis was conducted on language samples from 184 English and 52 Persian speakers, comprising both AD patients and healthy controls, to extract various language features. Furthermore, we introduced a machine learning-based metric, Language Informativeness Index (LII), to quantify informativeness.RESULTSIndicators of AD in English were found to be highly predictive of AD in Persian, with a 92.3% classification accuracy. Additionally, we found robust correlations between the typical linguistic abnormalities of AD and language emptiness (low LII) across both languages.DISCUSSIONFindings suggest AD linguistics impairments are attributed to a core universal difficulty in generating informative messages. Our approach underscores the importance of incorporating biocultural diversity into research, fostering the development of inclusive diagnostic tools.
Population scale proteomics enables adaptive digital twin modelling in sepsis
Authors: Scott Aaron M. , Mellhammar Lisa , Malmström Erik , Goch Gustafsson Axel , Bakochi Anahita , Isaksson Marc , Mohanty Tirthankar , Thelaus Louise , Kahn Fredrik , Malmström Lars , Malmström Johan , Linder Adam 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSepsis is one of the leading causes of mortality in the world. Currently, the heterogeneity of sepsis makes it challenging to determine the molecular mechanisms that define the syndrome. Here, we leverage population scale proteomics to analyze a well-defined cohort of 1364 blood samples taken at time-of-admission to the emergency department from patients suspected of sepsis. We identified panels of proteins using explainable artificial intelligence that predict clinical outcomes and applied these panels to reduce high-dimensional proteomics data to a low-dimensional interpretable latent space (ILS). Using the ILS, we constructed an adaptive digital twin model that accurately predicted organ dysfunction, mortality, and early-mortality-risk patients using only data available at time-of-admission. In addition to being highly effective for investigating sepsis, this approach supports the flexible incorporation of new data and can generalize to other diseases to aid in translational research and the development of precision medicine.
An objective neurophysiological study of subconcussion in female and male high school student athletes
Authors: D’Arcy Ryan C.N. , McCarthy David , Harrison Derek , Levenberg Zander , Wan Julian , Hepburn Aidan , Kirby Eric D. , Yardley Tanja , Yamada-Bagg Nikita , Fickling Shaun D. , Munce Thayne A. , Dodick David W. , Ahmad Christopher , Stein Ken Shubin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractEmerging evidence from neurophysiological brain vital sign studies show repeatable sensitivity to cumulative subconcussive impairments over a season of contact sports. The current study addressed the need for a large prospective study comparing a low-contact control group to high-contact group. Importantly, the study also expanded the scope of neurophysiological changes related to repetitive head impacts to include female athletes in addition to male athletes. In total, 89 high school student athletes underwent 231 brain vital sign scans over a full calendar year. The results replicated prior subconcussive cognitive impairments (N400 delays) and sensory impairments (N100 amplitude reductions) in male athletes and demonstrated similar subconcussive impairments for the first time in female athletes. While there was no significant subconcussive difference between female and male athletes, female athletes show overall larger responses in general. The findings demonstrated that subconcussive impairments are detectable in a controlled experimental comparison for both female and male high school athletes. The study highlights the opportunity to monitor subconcussive changes in cognitive processing for both female and male athletes to help advance prevention, mitigation and management efforts aimed at reducing athletes’ risk of potential long-term negative health outcomes related to cumulative exposure to repetitive head impacts.
Artificial Intelligence-Derived Extracellular Volume Fraction for Diagnosis and Prognostication in Patients with Light-Chain Cardiac Amyloidosis
Authors: Hwang In-Chang , Chun Eun Ju , Kim Pan Ki , Kim Myeongju , Park Jiesuck , Choi Hong-Mi , Yoon Yeonyee E. , Cho Goo-Yeong , Choi Byoung Wook 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAimsT1 mapping on cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging is useful for diagnosis and prognostication in patients with light-chain cardiac amyloidosis (AL-CA). We conducted this study to evaluate the performance of T1 mapping parameters for detection of cardiac amyloidosis (CA) in patients with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and their prognostic values in patients with AL-CA, using a semi-automated deep learning algorithm.Methods and ResultsA total of 300 patients who underwent CMR for differential diagnosis of LVH were analyzed. CA was confirmed in 50 patients (39 with AL-CA and 11 with transthyretin amyloidosis), hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in 198, hypertensive heart disease in 47, and Fabry disease in 5. A semi-automated deep learning algorithm (Myomics-Q) was used for the analysis of the CMR images. The optimal cutoff extracellular volume fraction (ECV) for the differentiation of CA from other etiologies was 33.6% (diagnostic accuracy 85.6%). he artificial intelligence (AI)-derived ECV showed a significant prognostic value for a composite of cardiovascular death and heart failure hospitalization in patients with AL-CA (revised Mayo stage III or IV) (adjusted hazard ratio 4.247 for ECV ≥40%, 95% confidence interval 1.215–14.851, p-value=0.024). Incorporation of AI-derived ECV into the revised Mayo staging system resulted in better risk stratification (integrated discrimination index 27.9%, p=0.013; net reclassification index 13.8%, p=0.007).ConclusionsAI-assisted T1 mapping on CMR imaging allows for improved diagnosis of CA from other etiologies of LVH. Furthermore, AI-derived ECV has significant prognostic value in patients with AL-CA, suggesting its clinical usefulness.Graphical Abstract
Assessment of Antibiotic Resistance Profiles in Cultivable Coliform Organisms Isolated from Ganga River Waters Across the Upper, Middle, and Lower Ganga Stretch
Authors: Balkrishna Acharya , Singh Shelly , Ghosh Sourav , Arya Ved Priya , Mohini  
Published: March 2024

AbstractAntibiotic resistance in coliform organisms isolated from the Ganga River waters across its Upper, Middle, and Lower stretches was assessed. The study revealed varying levels of antibiotic resistance among the coliform isolates, with differences observed across the different stretches of the river. In the Upper stretch, sites like Devprayag and Gangotri exhibited high levels of E. coli contamination, with corresponding moderate antibiotic resistance (MAR) values. In the Middle stretch, sites like Farrukhabad and Bithoor showed lower E. coli contamination compared to the Upper stretch but had higher MAR values. The Lower stretch, particularly sites like Revelganj and Bahachoki in Bihar, displayed significantly elevated E. coli contamination levels and MAR values. These findings underscore the presence of antibiotic-resistant coliform organisms in different segments of the Ganga River, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions to mitigate antibiotic resistance spread in this vital water resource. Understanding the antibiotic resistance profiles at specific sites along the Ganga River can inform strategies to preserve water quality and protect public health in regions dependent on this iconic river.
Glyphosate Effects on Growth and Biofilm Formation in Bee Gut Symbionts and Diverse Associated Bacteria
Authors: Motta Erick V. S. , de Jong Tyler K. , Gage Alejandra , Edwards Joseph A. , Moran Nancy A. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBiofilm formation is a common adaptation enabling bacteria to thrive in various environments and to withstand external pressures. In the context of host-microbe interactions, biofilms play vital roles in establishing microbiomes associated with animals and plants and are used by opportunistic microbes to facilitate proliferation within hosts. Investigating biofilm dynamics, composition, and responses to environmental stressors is crucial for understanding microbial community assembly and biofilm regulation in health and disease. In this study, we explore the independent gut colonization and in vitro biofilm formation abilities of core members of the honey bee (Apis mellifera) gut microbiota. Additionally, we assess the impact of glyphosate, a widely used herbicide with antimicrobial properties, and a glyphosate-based formulation on growth and biofilm formation in bee gut symbionts as well as in other biofilm-forming bacteria associated with diverse animals and plants. Our results demonstrate that several strains of core bee gut bacterial species can independently colonize the bee gut, which probably depends on their ability to form biofilms. Furthermore, glyphosate exposure has varying effects on bacterial growth and biofilm formation. These findings imply specific impacts of environmental stressors on microbial biofilms with both ecological and host health-related implications.ImportanceBiofilms are essential for microbial communities to establish and thrive in diverse environments. In the honey bee gut, the core microbiota memberSnodgrassella alviforms biofilms, potentially aiding the establishment of other members and promoting interactions with the host. In this study, we show that specific strains of other core members, includingBifidobacterium,Bombilactobacillus,Gilliamella, andLactobacillus, also form biofilms. We then examine the impact of glyphosate, a widely used herbicide that disrupts the bee microbiota, on their growth and biofilm formation. Our findings demonstrate diverse effects of glyphosate on biofilm formation, ranging from inhibition to enhancement, reflecting observations in other beneficial or pathogenic bacteria associated with animals and plants. Thus, glyphosate exposure may influence bacterial growth and biofilm formation, potentially shaping microbial establishment on host surfaces and impacting health outcomes.
Bioinformatic prediction and high throughput in vivo screening to identify cis-regulatory elements for the development of algal synthetic promoters
Authors: Torres-Tiji Y. , Sethuram H. , Gupta A. , McCauley J. , Dutra-Molino J.V. , Pathania R. , Saxton L. , Kang K. , Hillson N. J. , Mayfield S. P. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAlgae biotechnology holds immense promise for revolutionizing the bioeconomy through the sustainable and scalable production of various bioproducts. However, its development has been hindered by the lack of advanced genetic tools. This study introduces a synthetic biology approach to develop such tools, focusing on the construction and testing of synthetic promoters. By analyzing conserved DNA motifs within the promoter regions of highly expressed genes across six different algal species, we identified cis-regulatory elements (CREs) associated with high transcriptional activity. Combining the algorithms POWRS, STREME and PhyloGibbs, we predicted 1511 CREs and inserted them into a minimal synthetic promoter sequence in 1, 2 or 3 copies, resulting in 4533 distinct synthetic promoters. These promoters were evaluated in vivo for their capacity to drive the expression of a transgene in a high-throughput manner through next-generation sequencing post antibiotic selection and fluorescence-activated cell sorting. To validate our approach, we sequenced hundreds of transgenic lines showing high GFP expression. Further, we individually tested fourteen identified promoters, revealing substantial increases in GFP expression—up to nine times higher than the baseline synthetic promoter, with five matching or even surpassing the performance of the native AR1 promoter. As a result of this study, we identified a catalog of CREs that can now be used to build superior synthetic algal promoters. More importantly, here we present a validated pipeline to generate building blocks for innovative synthetic genetic tools applicable to any algal species with a sequenced genome and transcriptome dataset.Graphical Abstract