bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trames urbaines au fil de l’eau
Authors: Houdas Alexandre 
Published: April 2024

Au cours du IIIe millénaire av. J.-C., la civilisation de l’Indus est à l’origine de l’apparition et du développement des premières villes d’Asie du Sud. Ces dernières sont notamment caractérisées par de nombreuses structures hydrauliques (puits, salles d’eau, puisards, canalisations, égouts collecteurs et réservoirs) qui sont intégrées dans un tissu urbain planifié. Ces structures s’avèrent souvent mieux préservées que le reste des architectures, majoritairement bâties en brique crue. Par conséquent, leur étude aide les archéologues à restituer les trames urbaines des sites. Enfin, ces aménagements apportent de précieux indices sur la chronologie et le développement des villes tout en éclairant leur organisation spatiale, économique et sociale.
Traverser la péninsule Arabique aux débuts de l’Islam
Authors: Chung-To Guillaume 
Published: April 2024

Cet article aborde la question de la gestion de la ressource en eau le long des itinéraires caravaniers de la péninsule Arabique aux débuts de l’Islam et plus particulièrement à partir de la seconde moitié du viiie siècle. S’appuyant principalement sur les données produites dans les années 1980-1990 par des chercheurs saoudiens, il présente les limites de ces approches archéologiques mais également ce qu’elles apportent à notre connaissance des structures hydrauliques le long de ces routes. Cet article explore les aspects fonctionnels de ces haltes dans leur rapport à l’eau, abordant les questions d’approvisionnement, de gestion et de contrôle de l’eau.
Le rôle du réseau hydrique dans le paysage agraire et son exploitation dans les Memnoneia (Louxor, Égypte) à l’époque hellénistique
Authors: Nicatore Giulia 
Published: April 2024

Depuis l’Antiquité, la relation de la civilisation égyptienne avec le Nil est mise en avant comme un facteur essentiel dans la formation et le développement de l’État pharaonique. Il existait d’autres voies d’eau en dehors du lit principal du fleuve, utilisées principalement pour la vie quotidienne et l’agriculture. Il est possible de reconnaître dans le paysage actuel, à partir d’images satellites, quelques traces de canaux ou de paléo-bras du Nil. L’analyse papyrologique permet également de visualiser le paléo-paysage. La relecture environnementale d’un groupe de documents démotiques (iiie-ier siècle av. J.-C.), contextualisés dans la campagne des Memnoneia (rive ouest de l’actuelle ville de Louxor) démontre la richesse des éléments topographiques liés à l’eau dans la région. L’analyse des termes démotiques, utilisés pour qualifier les types de terres en relation avec la présence d’eau, témoigne de la perception que les agriculteurs avaient des différents sols.
TFE3 rearranged epithelioid hemangioendothelioma of the lymph node: A rare primary presentation of vascular tumor
Authors: Thomas Ann , Rane Swapnil U. , Menon Santosh 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT
Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (EHE) is a rare malignant vascular tumor that has been described in numerous sites such as soft tissue, liver, and lungs. However, primary lymph nodal presentation of hemangioendothelioma is extremely rare. We present a 49-year-old male patient who presented with an inguinal mass but was otherwise asymptomatic. Clinical and radiological workup failed to reveal any other primary lesion. The lymph node was excised and the histomorphological examination showed an epithelioid and spindle neoplasm with chondromyxoid stroma. The diagnosis of epithelioid hemangioendothelioma was suspected based on histomorphology and immunohistochemistry, which showed diffuse positivity for CD31, CD34, and TFE3 stains. This was further confirmed by the fluorescent in-situ hybridization (FISH) technique that showed TFE3 gene rearrangement.
Plausible mechanisms in malignisation of non-habit related chronic nonhealing traumatic ulcers of oral cavity
Authors: Pandiar Deepak , Krishnan Reshma Poothakulath 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT
Chronic nonhealing ulcers of the oral mucosa and lateral tongue, in particular, can transform into invasive oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Sometimes these ulcers do not heal even after the removal of the etiological agent that actually initiated these lesions, something similar to what happens in “neoplasia.” Numerous factors have been postulated in the literature; however, the exact mechanism remains unclear. We hereby would suggest few plausible factors that could be considered for future studies to shed light on some untapped territories in the pathogenesis of OSCC arising from chronic nonhealing traumatic ulcers in purview of chromoanagenesis and the concepts of “quantum entanglement and coherence.”
Poorly differentiated thyroid cancer: Clinical, pathological, mutational, and outcome analysis
Authors: Agarwal Amit , George Nelson , Kumari Niraj , Krishnani Narendra , Mishra Prabhaker , Gupta Sushil 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Poorly differentiated thyroid cancer (PDTC) remains a challenge not only for pathologists and surgeons because of the difficulties associated with the diagnostic process and the compelling need for difficult thyroidectomy, but it is also of high clinical relevance because it is responsible for mortality in non-anaplastic follicular cell-derived thyroid cancer.

Materials and Methods:
Cases of PDTC within a 30-year period were reviewed by two independent pathologists. Histological features like atypical mitosis, necrosis, capsular, and vascular invasion were studied. Mutation analysis was done for BRAF, RET/PTC, RAS, and PI3KCA, and P53 was performed using immunohistochemistry.

Results:
There were 39 patients with a median age of 53 years; 14 patients were more than 55 years of age. At presentation, 38.4% had compressive features and the median tumor size was 9 cm. At presentation, 67.7% had an extrathyroidal extension (ETE). R0 resection was achieved in 41%, with 12 cases resulting in a difficult thyroidectomy. Necrosis was seen in 65.7% and mitosis in 73.3% with well-differentiated components in 41%. The commonest mutation was RAS (23.1%). Survival was higher in the operable group (54.26, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 30.83–77.70 vs. 20.25, 95% CI: 0–54.07) months, respectively; however, 10-year survival was only 5% and only the tumor size and presence of mitosis were independent risk factors.

Conclusion:
PDTC presents with worrisome features like large size, ETE, and rapid growth. Aggressive surgical resection with extended/radical thyroidectomy may result in better loco-regional control and improved survival. RAS was the frequent mutation detected. It is worthwhile to identify prognostic factors that can predict the course of PDTC.
An outbreak of H1N1 Influenza A among the students and staff of school X, Kozhikode, January 2020
Authors: Jaya Ajan Maheswaran , Narayana Pillai Mahesh , Lohithakshan Sarita R. , Vasu Meenakshi , Nagarajan Ramya , Parasuraman Ganeshkumar 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
An outbreak of fever and cough was notified to public health authorities by the management of school X among their students, Kozhikode district, Kerala, on Jan 1, 2020. We conducted an outbreak investigation to confirm the diagnosis, describe the case patients by time, place, and person, and propose appropriate recommendations.

Materials and Methods:
We defined a probable case of influenza as any student or staff of school X, Kozhikode district with a fever and cough between Dec 30, 2019, and Jan 14, 2020. We conducted an active case search and contact tracing in the school. We described the cases by date of symptom onset using an Epicurve, plotted cases by their classroom, and calculated the attack rate by age, and gender.

Results:
We identified 270 cases of influenza; among them, 264 (98%) were students, and 6 (2%) were the staff. The overall attack rate was 36%. The attack rate was higher among the students (39%) than the staff (12%, 6/49, P < 0.0003). The attack rate was higher among students of class 10E (90%, 37/41) and class 10A (80%, 33/41), where the index case had contact with the students during the symptomatic phase.

Conclusion:
An outbreak of influenza A (H1N1) occurred among students and staff, predominantly affecting the 10th division. School and health authorities implemented several interventions to limit the outbreak, including training students on personal hygiene. We recommended conducting surveillance of influenza, maintaining adequate spacing of benches, self-hygiene practices, and classroom ventilation.
Awareness and Knowledge about Monkeypox Disease among General Adult Population in Jeddah City, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alasslani Hanaa A. , Alasslani Tahani A. , Alharbi Wejdan A. 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Assessment of awareness and knowledge of the general population regarding Monkeypox is rarely investigated on a global level. The World Health Organization (WHO) reported a lack of knowledge about monkeypox as one of the main challenges facing authorities in implementing effective preventive strategies. This study aims to assess the awareness and knowledge of the general adult population about Monkeypox disease.

Subjects and Methods:
An online population-based cross-sectional study was carried out in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, among a snowball sample of adult persons (>18 years old). A self-administered online Arabic and English questionnaires was utilized in this study. It consists of three main parts: sociodemographic characteristics of the patients, perception towards Monkeypox disease and assessment of the knowledge about Monkeypox disease through 23 multiple-choice questions with “Yes”, “No” and “don’t know” responses.

Results:
A total of 387 adults were included in the study. Females represented 72.6% of them. Almost two-thirds (63.8%) aged between 26 and 45 years. More than half (55.6%) of the participants believed that monkeypox will affect social and economic life like the COVID-19 pandemic while 30.7% considered Monkeypox as a conspiracy or bioterrorism. Overall, almost half (50.4%) of the participants expressed excellent level of knowledge, whereas only 4.4% had poor level of knowledge. The highest level of excellent knowledge about Monkeypox disease was observed among participants in the age group 26–45 years (55.1%), whereas the lowest was observed among those in the age group 46–60 years (39.7%), P = 0.001. More educated participants (university/postgraduates) were more knowledgeable about Monkeypox disease as 53.5% of them had excellent level of knowledge compared to 33.3% of those below secondary school educational level, P = 0.047.

Conclusion:
The knowledge of the general population about Monkeypox is acceptable. However, defective knowledge was observed regarding the fact that Monkeypox is not a new infection that appeared in the year 2022 as well as about the availability of a monkeypox vaccine in Saudi Arabia. Therefore, it is recommended to organize educational activities about the disease for general population targeted mainly lower educated and elderly subjects.
Investigating the association of the lifestyle of pregnant women with the rate of preterm labor
Authors: Vahiddastjerdi Mehdi , Vaghar Mohammad Eslami , Sharifiyan Rayhane 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
From a long time ago, preterm birth has posed life-threatening risks due to the significant complications it causes. The present study aimed to examine how the lifestyle of pregnant women is related to the incidence of preterm birth.

Materials and Methods:
For this cohort study, a total of 234 individuals with healthy and unhealthy lifestyles who visited the women’s clinics of Azad University hospitals during the year 2021 were randomly selected to participate. Four criteria were utilized to build lifestyle questionnaires, which included smoking habits, physical activity levels, consumption of high-fiber foods, and sufficient sleep. According to the individuals’ responses, 117 mothers who scored above 14, and 117 mothers who scored below 14 were followed up. The SPSS version 25 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, Ill., USA) was used to analyze the correlation between variables and preterm birth, employing statistical tests such as Mann-Whitney, Chi-square, and independent t-test.

Results:
In this study, the mean age of the examined women was 27.11 ± 3.19. Out of the total number of babies, 133 (56.8%) were females, while 101 (43.2%) were males. The P value for the association between lifestyle and preterm birth was less than 0.0001, indicating statistical significance. The difference between the consumption of tobacco, fruits, and vegetables and sufficient sleep with preterm birth was not statistically significant (P value >0.05).

Conclusion:
A healthy lifestyle can serve as an important preventive measure against preterm birth. Adequate education provided by the healthcare and treatment system plays an important role in promoting the adoption of a healthy lifestyle and benefiting from its positive outcomes.
Water sanitation and hygiene at households and its implications on diarrhoea among under-five children of slums at field practice area of a Peripheral Medical College of West Bengal
Authors: Sarkar Manisha , Lahiri Surajit , Gupta Avisek , Mukhopadhyay Prianka 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Inadequate water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) may lead to an increase in water-borne diseases like diarrhoea. The objective of the study was to assess water, sanitation and hygiene in the urban slums of Patpur, Bankura and to determine the implications of WASH on the occurrence of diarrhoea among under-five (U-5) children.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional observational study was conducted during January–March 2020 by interviewing persons involved in water collection from each of the 182 slum households of Patpur, by two-stage sampling using a pre-designed structured schedule and the core questions on drinking WASH for household surveys: 2018 update by UNICEF and WHO. For testing the association between categorical variables, a Chi-square test was done. Binary logistic regression and the Hosmer Lemeshow test were done to know the predictors of diarrhoea in U-5 children. A P value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:
The proportion of diarrhoea among U-5 children was 0.34. Limited drinking WASH services were found in 3.30, 45.05 and 24.18% of households, respectively. Mobile objects users for handwashing were 14.05 times more prone to diarrhoea in U-5 children than those who had fixed handwashing facilities at their dwellings, yards or plots. Feeding children without handwashing had 5.70 times increased chances of diarrhoea among U-5 children than those who washed their hands before feeding.

Conclusion:
Handwashing facilities (fixed, mobile object or no facility) and handwashing with soap and water before feeding the child significantly affected the occurrence of diarrhoea among U-5 children.
Evaluation of microalbuminuria in type-2 diabetes mellitus under oral hypoglycemic agents: Association with age, sex, BMI, and renal clearance
Authors: Gnanasegaran Selvalaxmi , Gopal Srija , Adhimoolam Mangaiarkkarasi , Raj Gerard M. , Velayudhan Shanmugapriya , Yuvaraj M 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is increasing drastically and affecting the individuals globally, especially in the low- and middle-income countries like India. The poor glycaemic control results in micro-vascular and macro-vascular complications, leading to dysfunction of multiple organs. This study aimed to evaluate the association between the risk factors and microalbuminuria levels among patients with type 2 DM on oral hypoglycaemic agents.

Materials and Methods:
Hundred type 2 DM patients fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected by convenient random sampling. Demographic details, biochemical markers, and anti-diabetic medication details were collected. The findings were analyzed statistically using Chi-square test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with SPSS software 21.0.

Results:
Among the different combination therapies, 59% were commonly using metformin and teneligliptin. There was a significant association noted between microalbuminuria and risk factors like age, duration of disease, body mass index (BMI) (25.5 ± 2.9), fasting blood sugar (151 ± 53.2 mg/dL), post prandial blood sugar (227.01 ± 70.9 mg/dL), blood urea (24.42 ± 9.3 mg/dL), and serum creatinine (1.5 ± 0.2 mg/dL) (P < 0.001). One-way ANOVA showed statistical significance between microalbuminuria and the different treatment groups (P < 0.0001).

Conclusion:
Microalbuminuria was associated with age, duration of diabetes, glycaemic control, and BMI. In contrast, there was no significant difference noted between the genders and microalbuminuria. Microalbuminuria is an early indication of nephropathy in diabetes patients. The early identification of the risk factors is important, and it is always recommended to screen for microalbuminuria in all the diabetic patients for early detection and prevention of diabetic nephropathy and their associated complications.
An assessment of treatment compliance using the Morisky scale-8 tool in adult hypertensive patients of Eastern India
Authors: Kishor Raman , Kumari Sarita , Prakash Ravi , Chaudhary Neha , Shyama Shyama , Ahmad Shamshad , Kumar Pragya 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Adequate management of hypertension is crucial for decreasing the likelihood of cardiovascular ailments and associated complications. Nonetheless, in the Indian context, maintaining compliance with prescribed hypertensive therapies presents a notable hurdle, impeding the attainment of favorable health outcomes. Thus, this study was conducted with the aim to evaluate the prevalence of treatment adherence and explore the diverse factors that impact adherence patterns among individuals diagnosed with hypertension.

Material and Methods:
A community-based cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was carried out among the diagnosed hypertensive patients from 12 purposefully selected villages of Khagaul block, Patna. A total of 262 participants were recruited in the study by using non-probability sampling. The 8-item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8) was used for measuring adherence. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) for Windows version 21.0 (SPSS Inc; Chicago, IL, USA) was used for statistical analysis of data.

Result:
As per MMAS scores, 10 (3.8%) had high, 133 (50.8%) moderate, and 119 (45.4%) poor adherence. However, good adherence was reported among geriatric patients [1.65 (1.01–2.7)], those with a history of absence of comorbidities [2.15 (1.21–3.85)], more than 5 years’ duration of hypertension [3.2 (1.89–5.41)], once-a-day drug intake [2.8 (1.61–4.87)], and having controlled blood pressure [5.2 (3.08–8.96)]. Controlled blood pressure (AOR = 0.048, 0.023-0.098), perception of high benefit of treatment [0.497 (0.255–0.97)], and absence of comorbidity [0.016 (0.168–0.832)] were identified as predictors of good treatment adherence.

Conclusion:
Overall medication adherence in the current study was 54.6%. Achieving treatment adherence frequently demands proactive patient engagement, highlighting their active role in disease management. Also, involving the patient’s caregivers can offer an additional tactic to tackle non-adherence stemming from forgetfulness of the patient.
Modified rankin scale is a reliable tool for the rapid assessment of stroke severity and predicting disability outcomes
Authors: Nimbvikar Apoorv A. , Panchawagh Suhrud , Chavan Abhijit P. , Ingole Jitendra R. , Pargaonkar Yash , Pai Rohan 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
‘Time is brain’ goes the adage. Rapid and precise management of stroke is of the utmost essence. The modified National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (mNIHSS) and the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) predict stroke severity and functional disability outcomes. However, the mRS can be administered more rapidly than the mNIHSS and therefore might be better to assess patient outcomes. Hence, the aim of this study was to assess the correlation of stroke severity on admission and functional disability outcomes on the day of discharge or on the 8th day of hospitalization.

Materials and Methods:
This was an observational, cross-sectional study with a sample size of 61 participants. The mNIHSS score was calculated on admission for patients with clinical features suggestive of stroke and mRS was calculated on the 8th day of hospitalization or on discharge. Evaluation of the association between continuous variables was done using Spearman’s correlation analysis.

Results:
Correlation between mNIHSS and mRS was positive and statistically significant (rho = 0.866, 95% CI [0.751, 0.925]. For each point increase in the mNIHSS, the odds of having higher mRS scores are 153% more than the odds of having lower mRS scores (aOR = 2.534, 95% CI [1.904, 3.560]).

Conclusion:
Our study concluded that mRS can be reliably used to predict the functional outcomes for patients with stroke in circumstances where the mNIHSS may prove to be lengthy. Thus, where ‘time is brain’, the mRS can be used with a similar power to predict the outcome.
Prevalence of anemia and its social determinants among the male residents of an urban area in Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Philip Jithin , Venkatesan Sandhiya , Shanmugam Karthikeyan 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
India has a high burden of anemia among the South Asian countries. Anemia has been extensively studied in the female and child population, with less attention given to males. The present study aims to assess the prevalence of anemia among males residing in an urban area and associated social determinants.

Methods:
A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 300 males (during September and October 2021) in an urban area of Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu. A portable hemoglobin photometer was used to detect the prevalence of anemia. A structured questionnaire was used to collect details on social determinants of anemia such as dietary practice, education, income, and sanitary practices.

Results:
The mean age of study participants was 34 ± 5.23 years. The prevalence of overall anemia among men was 20.3% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 15.9–25.3%), with moderate and severe anemia being 5.7% (95% CI: 3.3–8.9%) and 1% (95% CI: 0.2–2.9%), respectively. Belonging to a lower socioeconomic class (odds ratio [OR] = 6.50, P < 0.05) and consuming more than two cups of tea (OR = 7.28, P < 0.05) were significantly associated with anemia.

Conclusion:
Our study depicts a high burden of anemia among males. Health education on the role of dietary factors contributing to anemia needs to be emphasized with special focus on the frequency of tea intake. Primary care physicians can include screening for anemia in their routine practice for men belonging to lower socioeconomic groups. Consideration should be made to include male populations also under the National Anemia Control program.