bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of echocardiography for the diagnosis of heartworm disease in cats: 43 cases (1985–1997)
Authors: DeFrancesco Teresa C. , Atkins Clarke E. , Miller Matthew W. , Meurs Kathryn M. , Keene Bruce W. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine the usefulness of echocardiography in the diagnosis of heartworm disease in cats and to compare this modality with other tests.Design—Retrospective study.Animals—43 cats with heartworm infection that had echocardiographic examinations at 2 veterinary teaching hospitals between 1985 and 1997. Twenty-two of these 43 cats also underwent radiography of the thorax and heartworm antibody and heartworm antigen testing.Procedure—Cats were determined to be infected withDirofilaria immitisinfection on the basis of 1 or more of the following findings: positive modified Knott or antigen test result, echocardiographic evidence of heartworm disease, or confirmation of the disease on postmortem examination. The percentage of echocardiographs in which heartworms were evident was compared with the percentage of radiographs in which pulmonary artery enlargement was evident and results of antigen or antibody tests in cats in which all tests were performed.Results—Overall, heartworms were detectable by use of echocardiography in 17 of 43 cats, most often in the pulmonary arteries. In the 22 cats in which all tests were performed, antibody test results were positive in 18, antigen test results were positive in 12, and pulmonary artery enlargement was evident radiographically and heartworms were identifiable echocardiographically in 14. Heartworm infection was diagnosed exclusively by use of echocardiography in 5 cats in which the antigen test result was negative.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Although echocardiography was less sensitive than antigen testing, it was a useful adjunctive test in cats that had negative antigen test results in which there was a suspicion of heartworm disease. The pulmonary arteries should be evaluated carefully to increase the likelihood of detection of heartworms echocardiographically. ( J Am Vet Med Assoc2001;218:66–69)
Race-start characteristics and risk of catastrophic musculoskeletal injury in Thoroughbred racehorses
Authors: Hernandez Jorge , Hawkins Dan L. , Scollay Mary C. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To identify race-start characteristics associated with catastrophic musculoskeletal (MS) injury in Thoroughbred racehorses at 2 racetracks in Florida during 1995 through 1998.Design—Matched case-control study.Animals—97 Thoroughbreds (case horses) that incurred a catastrophic MS injury during racing and 388 Thoroughbreds (control horses) randomly selected from noninjured participants and matched on the basis of racetrack and year.Procedure—Incidence of MS injury was calculated for all race meets at 2 racetracks in Florida from 1995 through 1998. Race-start characteristics were compared among case and control horses, using conditional logistic regression.Results—Overall incidence of MS injury was 1.2/1,000 race starts (97/79,416 starts). Incidence of injury was significantly higher for turf races (2.3/1,000 starts) than for dirt races (0.9/1,000 starts). Sex, number of days since last race, and racing surface were associated with risk of injury; geldings, ≥ 33 days since the last race, and turf racing surface were associated with a higher risk of injury.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Incidence of injury among Thoroughbreds in Florida was associated with sex, number of days since last race, and racing surface. Days since last race may have been an indicator of previous health and lameness problems. Racing surface may have been a risk factor for MS injury because turf races tended to be more competitive than dirt races. Horses running in turf races were more likely to participate in races with a large field, handicap races, long races, and races with high purses. (JAm Vet Med Assoc2001;218:83–86)
Dream Nanomachines
Authors: Ozin G. A. , Manners I. , Fournier‐Bidoz S. , Arsenault A. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractLocomotion on the nanoscale through a fluid environment is one of the grand challenges confronting nanoscience today. The vision is to synthesize, probe, understand, and utilize a new class of motors made from nanoscale building blocks that derive on‐board or off‐board power from in‐situ chemical reactions. The generated mechanical work allows these motors to move through a fluid phase while simultaneously or sequentially performing a task or series of tasks. Such tiny machines, individually or assembled into designed architectures, might someday transport medicine in the human body, conduct operations in cells, move cargo around microfluidic chips, manage light beams, agitate liquids close to electrode surfaces, and search for and destroy toxic organic molecules in polluted water streams. Are these just “nanomachine dreams”, or “dream nanomachines”? Some very recent exciting developments suggest that a world of amazing chemically powered nanomachines will be the way the story unfolds in the not‐too‐distant future!
Improvement of the homogeneity of SBR/NBR blends using polyglycidylmethacrylate‐g‐butadiene rubber
Authors: Botros S. H. , Moustafa A. F. , Ibrahim S. A. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractPolyglycidylmethacrylate grafted butadiene rubber (PGMA‐g‐BR) was synthesized by a graft solution copolymerization technique. The PGMA content was determined through titration against HBr. The PGMA‐g‐BR was blended with styrene butadiene rubber/butadiene acrylonitrile rubber (SBR/NBR) blends with different blend ratios. The SBR/NBR (50/50) blend was selected to examine the compatibility of such blends. Compatibility was examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and viscosity measurements. The scanning electron micrographs illustrate the change of morphology of the SBR/NBR rubber blend as a result of the incorporation of PGMA‐g‐BR onto that blend. The Tgs of SBR and NBR in the blend get closer upon incorporation of PGMA‐g‐BR 10 phr, which indicates improvement in blend homogeneity. The intrinsic viscosity (η) versus blend ratio graph shows a straight‐line relationship, indicating some degree of compatibility. Thermal stability of the compatibilized and uncompatibilized rubber blend vulcanizates was investigated by determination of the physicomechanical properties before and after accelerated thermal aging. Of all the vulcanizates with different blend ratios under investigation, the SBR/NBR (25/75) compatibilized blend possessed the best thermal stability. However, the SBR/NBR (75/25) compatibilized blend possessed the best swelling performance in brake fluid. The effect of various combinations of inorganic fillers on the physicomechanical properties of that blend, before and after accelerated thermal aging, was studied in the presence and absence of PGMA‐g‐BR. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 99: 1559–1567, 2006
Fire‐retardant plastic material from oyster‐shell powder and recycled polyethylene
Authors: Chong Mi Hwa , Chun Byoung Chul , Chung Yong‐Chan , Cho Bong Gyoo 
Published: December 2005

AbstractA series of plastic materials from recycled polyethylene (PE) and oyster‐shell powder were prepared to test their fire‐retardant properties with an aim of finding a practical way of waste recycling. Oyster‐shell powder was found to be mainly composed of calcium carbonate and it decomposed to calcium oxide and carbon dioxide at temperature higher than ∼800°C, thus preventing fire from access of oxygen by the produced carbon dioxide. This fire‐retardation mechanism is environmental‐friendly, since another available method, the inclusion of halogen‐containing compounds, normally generates toxic chemicals like dioxine during incineration. To improve mechanical properties of this composite material, surface of oyster‐shell powder was coated with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). Flame retardation and the mechanical properties of these composite resins were analyzed. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 99: 1583–1589, 2006
Gas transport and thermal characterization of mono‐ and di‐polyethylene films used for food packaging
Authors: Mrkić Saša , Galić Kata , Ivanković Marica , Hamin Sandra , Ciković Nada 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe permeability of carbon dioxide, oxygen, nitrogen, and air through commercial monolayer and multilayer films, based on polyethylene (PE), biaxially oriented polypropylene (BOPP), and polyamide (PA), used for food packaging is reported. The influence of temperature (from 10 to 60°C) on permeability and DSC characteristics changes was also analyzed. Literature data for gas permeability of the mentioned monofilms are quite variable due to differences in additives, thermal history, and crystallinity. In this work, the highest gas permeability is obtained for PE film at the higher temperature (50–60°C). Laminates exhibit different gas permeation behavior from that of monofilms. Generally, gas solubility coefficient increases at higher temperature (with an exception of PA/PE and BOPPcoex.met/PE), being higher for monofilms in comparison with laminates, while diffusion coefficients are lower for monofilms in comparison with laminates. The temperature dependence of the permeability, diffusivity, and solubility of gases shows two different regions in PE, BOPPcoex/PE (10–40°C and 40–60°C), PA/PE, and BOPPcoex.met (10–30°C and 40–60°C) films. Correlation between activation energies for permeation and diffusion as well as heat of sorption and 17 gas properties is performed. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 99: 1590–1599, 2006
New fluorescent monomers and polymers displaying an intramolecular proton‐transfer mechanism in the electronically excited state (ESIPT). IV. Synthesis of acryloylamide and diallylamino benzazole dyes and its copolymerization with MMA
Authors: Franciscato Campo Leandra , Severo Rodembusch Fabiano , Stefani Valter 
Published: December 2005

AbstractSix new fluorescent monomers were synthesized by reaction of 2‐(5′‐amino‐2′‐hydroxyphenyl)benzazole derivatives with acryloyl chloride and allyl bromide. UV–vis and steady‐state fluorescence in solution were used to characterize its photophysical behavior. The monomers are fluorescent in the blue, green, yellow, and red region, with a large Stokes shift between 92 and 226 nm. A dual fluorescence ascribed to a conformational equilibrium in solution in the ground state dependent on the solvent polarity could be observed in the fluorescence emission spectra of the monomers. The radical polymerization of the monomers with methyl(methacrylate) allowed the production of fluorescent polymers in the blue–green region, with good optical and thermal properties. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2006
Synthesis and characterization of a poly(ether–ester) copolymer from poly(2,6 dimethyl‐1,4‐phenylene oxide) and poly(ethylene terephthalate)
Authors: García‐Gaitán B. , Pérez‐González M. del P. , Zárate‐Acevedo M. C. , Martínez‐Richa A. , Luna‐Bárcenas G. , Nuño‐Donlucas S. M. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractA series of poly(ether–ester) copolymers were synthesized from poly(2,6 dimethyl‐1,4‐phenylene oxide) (PPO) and poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET). The synthesis was carried out by two‐step solution polymerization process. PET oligomers were synthesized via glycolysis and subsequently used in the copolymerization reaction. FTIR spectroscopy analysis shows the coexistence of spectral contributions of PPO and PET on the spectra of their ether–ester copolymers. The composition of the poly(ether–ester)s was calculated via 1H NMR spectroscopy. A single glass transition temperature was detected for all synthesized poly(ether–ester)s. Tg behavior as a function of poly(ether–ester) composition is well represented by the Gordon‐Taylor equation. The molar masses of the copolymers synthesized were calculated by viscosimetry. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2006
Evolution of the peroxide‐induced degradation of polypropylene along a twin‐screw extruder: Experimental data and theoretical predictions
Authors: Berzin F. , Vergnes B. , Canevarolo S. V. , Machado A. V. , Covas J. A. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThis article reports an experimental and theoretical study of the peroxide‐induced degradation of polypropylene in a corotating twin‐screw extruder. Experiments were performed with different peroxide concentrations and different operating conditions. The evolution of the chemical reaction along the extruder was monitored with specific sampling devices. Material changes were characterized by rheological measurements and via the determination of the molecular weights of samples collected at the same locations. The theoretical results were obtained with a model that coupled the interactions between flow conditions encountered in the extruder, the kinetics of the reaction, and the changes in the viscosity induced by changes in the molecular weight. The experimental results evidenced the relationships between the process conditions (peroxide concentration and processing parameters) and material properties (rheological properties and molecular structure of the modified polypropylene). Good agreement between the theoretical and experimental results was obtained. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2006
Structural and thermal characterization of poly(2‐chloroaniline)/red mud nanocomposite materials
Authors: Gök Ayşegül , Oğuz İsa 
Published: December 2005

AbstractWe report the synthesis and characterization of a series of conducting poly(2‐chloroaniline) (P2ClAn)/red mud (RM) nanocomposite materials. The polymerization of 2‐chloroaniline in an aqueous medium in the presence of (NH4)2S2O8 and RM resulted in the formation of a nanocomposite (P2ClAn/RM). The extent of P2ClAn loading in the composites increased with increasing oxidant and monomer concentrations but decreased with RM. The properties of the nanocomposites were characterized with Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis), conductivity measurements, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry analysis. The inclusion of P2ClAn in the composites was confirmed by FTIR studies. The UV–vis spectra of P2ClAn/RM nanocomposites were similar to that of P2ClAn. The conductivity changed in all the composites prepared under various conditions. Thermogravimetric analyses revealed the enhanced thermal stabilities of the nanocomposites with respect to P2ClAn. Morphological images of the as‐synthesized materials were also investigated with scanning electron microscopy and environmental scanning electron microscopy. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2006
Plasticization of nano‐CaCO3 in polystyrene/nano‐CaCO3 composites
Authors: Li Gu , Mai Kancheng , Feng Kaicai 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe shear rheological properties of polystyrene (PS)/nano‐CaCO3 composites were studied to determine the plasticization of nano‐CaCO3 to PS. The composites were prepared by melt extrusion. A poly(styrene–butadiene–styrene) triblock copolymer (SBS), a poly(styrene–isoprene–styrene) triblock copolymer (SIS), SBS‐grafted maleic anhydride (SBS–MAH), and SIS‐grafted maleic anhydride were used as modifiers or compatibilizers. Because of the weak interaction between CaCO3 and the PS matrix, the composites with 1 and 3 phr CaCO3 loadings exhibited apparently higher melt shear rates under the same shear stress with respect to the matrix polymer. The storage moduli for the composites increased with low CaCO3 concentrations. The results showed that CaCO3 had some effects on the compatibility of PS/SBS (or SBS–MAH)/CaCO3 composites, in which SBS could effectively retard the movement of PS chain segments. The improvement of compatibility, due to the chemical interaction between CaCO3 and the grafted maleic anhydride, had obvious effects on the rheological behavior of the composites, the melt shear rate of the composites decreased greatly, and the results showed that nano‐CaCO3 could plasticize the PS matrix to some extent. Rheological methods provided an indirect but useful characterization of the composite structure. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2006
Investigation of mechanism of desmopressin binding in vasopressin V2 receptor versus vasopressin V1a and oxytocin receptors: Molecular dynamics simulation of the agonist‐bound state in the membrane–aqueous system
Authors: Ślusarz Magdalena J. , Ślusarz Rafał , Ciarkowski Jerzy 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe vasopressin V2 receptor (V2R) belongs to the Class A G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs). V2R is expressed in the renal collecting duct (CD), where it mediates the antidiuretic action of the neurohypophyseal hormone arginine vasopressin (CYFQNCPRG‐NH2, AVP). Desmopressin ([1‐deamino, 8‐D]AVP, dDAVP) is strong selective V2R agonist with negligible pressor and uterotonic activity. In this paper, the interactions responsible for binding of dDAVP to vasopressin V2 receptor versus vasopressin V1a and oxytocin receptors has been examined. Three‐dimensional activated models of the receptors were constructed using the multiple sequence alignment and the complex of activated rhodopsin with GtαC‐terminal peptide of transducin MII–Gtα(338–350) prototype (Ślusarz, R.; Ciarkowski, J. Acta Biochim Pol 2004 51, 129–136) as a template. The 1‐ns unconstrained molecular dynamics (MD) of receptor–dDAVP complexes immersed in the fully hydrated 1‐palmitoyl‐2‐oleoyl‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phosphatidylcholine (POPC) membrane model was conducted in an Amber 7.0 force field. Highly conserved transmembrane residues have been proposed as being responsible for V2R activation and G protein coupling. Molecular mechanism of the dDAVP binding has been suggested. The internal water molecules involved in an intricate network of the hydrogen bonds inside the receptor cavity have been identified and their role in the stabilization of the agonist‐bound state proposed. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 81: 321–338, 2006This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
The association of psychopathic traits with aggression and delinquency in non‐referred boys and girls
Authors: Marsee Monica A. , Silverthorn Persephanie , Frick Paul J. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe current study investigated the association of psychopathic traits with aggression and delinquency in a non‐referred sample of boys (n = 86) and girls (n = 114) in the fifth through ninth grades at two public schools in a large urban area. Psychopathic traits were measured by both teacher‐ and self‐report ratings, whereas aggression and delinquency were assessed through self‐report ratings. Self‐reported psychopathic traits were associated with both aggression and delinquency and teacher‐reported psychopathic traits were associated with higher levels of aggression. There were no clear differences for the callous–unemotional, narcissism, or impulsivity dimensions in their associations with aggression and delinquency. Also, psychopathic traits predicted aggression and delinquency for both boys and girls. The one clear gender difference was in the stronger associations between psychopathic traits and relational aggression for girls. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Figuring out la femme fatale: conceptual and assessment issues concerning psychopathy in females
Authors: Forouzan Elham , Cooke David J. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractDespite the growing number of studies on psychopathy in females, the core characteristics of this personality disorder among females remain uninvestigated. Most studies on psychopathy in females have attempted to understand the disorder by applying male criteria to adult females: they have ignored putative gender differences in the constitution and expression of this disorder. Several issues require resolution: first, whether practitioners apply the same criteria to diagnose psychopathy in women, second, whether the instruments used to assess psychopathy are tapping the same construct across gender, third, whether the same types of behavioral expression of key traits are similar across genders, and fourth, whether the diagnosis possesses the same forensic utility across genders. The relevant literature is reviewed and issues of design and analysis are considered. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Continuous Homogeneous Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation of Ketones: Lessons from Kinetics
Authors: Greiner Lasse , Laue Stephan , Liese Andreas , Wandrey Christian 
Published: December 2005

AbstractIs polymer enlargement of homogeneous catalysts a tedious task? Is not batch operation with homogeneous catalysts the optimum performance point for homogeneous catalysis? Is kinetic modelling relevant to more than academic questions in homogeneous catalysis? Can all answers for a given system be answered satisfactory? In the authors’ view, answers to these questions are no, no, yes, and depends. Polymer enlargement allowed the continuous operation of transfer hydrogenation in a chemical membrane reactor with total turnover numbers of up to 2.6×103 and a space–time yield of 0.58 kg L−1 d−1 with an enantiomeric ratio of 26.8 (enantiomeric excess 92.8 %) for a conversion level of 80 %. This was predicted from simulation conducted with a model from kinetic batch experiments adopted for continuous application. These simulations for the polymer‐enlarged and the unmodified catalyst show that achieving comparable performance cannot be obtained by batch operation.