bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma: Fine‐needle aspiration biopsy findings
Authors: Niemann Theodore H. , Bottles Kent , Cohen Michael B. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractExtraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma (EMC) is a malignant soft tissue tumor which typically presents as an enlarging mass in an extremity. In this location it is amenable to sampling and diagnosis by fine‐needle aspiration biopsy. We present our experience with three cases of EMC and discuss the differential diagnosis of myxoid soft tissue tumors. Diagn Cytopathol 1994; 11:363–366. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Epithelioid sarcoma in FNAB smears
Authors: Pohar‐Marinšek Živa , Zidar Andreja 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFNAB smears of eleven epithelioid sarcomas were reviewed and analysed. Ten cases had a very similar cytomorphologic picture composed predominantly of dissociated epithelioid‐like cells with eccentrically placed nuclei. These tumors were clearly malignant but difficult to differentiate morphologically from melanoma, epithelioid leiomiosarcoma, and Schwannoma or adenocarcinoma. One case was composed of spindle cells and was reminiscent of a fibrohistiocytic tumor. Immunocytochemical reactions to vimentin and cytokeratin were performed in six cases on the Papanicolaou stained smears. The reactions to both antigens were positive in all six cases. Ultrastructural characteristics of eight of the tumors are also described.It seems that epithelioid sarcoma has a rather distinct cytomorphologic picture. Taking into consideration clinical data and using also immunocytochemistry, a definitive diagnosis of epitheliold sarcoma can probably be given from FNAB smears. Diagn Cytopathol 1994; 11:367–372. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nodular lepromatous leprosy: Report of a case diagnosed by FNA
Authors: Singh Navjeevan , Arora Vinod Kumar , Ramam M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractLepromatous leprosy can present with skin nodules which can be misdiagnosed as soft tissue tumors or infected cysts. FNA can be diagnostic of unstained, refractile, intracellular mycobacteria are recognized on Romanowsky stained smears. File stain for Mycobacterium leprae confirms the diagnosis. Awareness of the differential diagnosis of skin nodules yielding foamy histiocytes on FNA, briefly discussed, should help avoid error. Diagn Cytopathol 1994; 11:373–375. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Oncocytic carcinoma of parotid gland: Fine‐needle aspiration and histologic findings
Authors: Laforga J. B. , Aranda F. I. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA parotid gland mass in an eldery man was diagnosed as an oncocytic neoplasm with cellular pleomorphism and cytologic atypia by fine‐needle aspiration. The histologic features showed a primary parotid malignant oncocytoma with metastasis in regional lymph nodes. Diagn Cytopathol 1994; 11:376–379. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Diagnostic difficulties in the interpretation of needle aspiration material from large renal cysts
Authors: Horwitz Charles A. , Manivel J. Carlos , Inampudi Subbarao , Kaye Keith , Jensen Chris S. , Cohen Michael B. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn recent years, fine‐needle‐aspiration biopsies (FNA) have been widely used in the evaluation of renal masses, with false‐positive FNA data being very uncommon. We present a case report of a 76‐yr‐old man with a 16‐cm renal cyst and what was interpreted as an isolated calcified mural nodule. Following drainage of the main cyst fluid, FNA biopsy showed atypical cell clusters thought to be positive for malignancy. Subsequent surgery failed to disclose either a residual mural nodule or evidence of malignancy. Immunoperoxidase studies performed on both the cell block and actual cyst wall suggested that the abnormal cells were histiocytes. The diagnostic pitfalls of this case, along with a review of pertinent literature, are discussed. Diagn Cytopathol 1994; 11:380–384. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Focal fatty change of the liver: Cytologic findings in a radiographic mimic of metastases
Authors: Layfield Lester J. , Frias‐Hidvegi Denise 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFine‐needle aspiration (FNA) is being increasingly utilized for the workup of patients with suspected metastatic disease. In the course of these biopsies, cytologists are being confronted by a variety of nonneoplastic lesions which radiographically simulate metastatic deposits. Some of these lesions will predominately reveal hepatocytes. One of these cytologically poorly characterized lesions is focal fatty change. Aspirates show a population of benign hepatocytes with single or multiple clear cytoplasmic vacuoles. Recognition of the entity along with accurate needle placement in the nodule can establish the diagnosis of focal fatty infiltration and negate the need for further biopsies. Diagn Cytopathol 1994; 11:385–389. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance: Interlaboratory comparison and quality assurance monitors
Authors: Davey Diane D. , Naryshkin Sonya , Nielsen Mary L. , Kline Tilde S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe Bethesda System recognizes “Atypical Squamous Cells of Undetermined Significance” (ASCUS) as a category of epithelial cell abnormality. Neither the acceptable rate of ASCUS nor the clinical follow‐up are well defined. This study focused on interlaboratory comparison and quality assurance methods for evaluating the rate and outcome of ASCUS. Data was collected from questionnaire surveys from the College of American Pathologists Interlaboratory PAP Program and the four authors' laboratories. Most PAP laboratories (82.5%) limit the use of “atypia” terminology to abnormalities of undetermined significance. According to PAP data, the median rate of ASCUS in 1992 was 2.9%, with 10% of laboratories reporting rates greater than 9.0%. The median squamous intraepithelial lesion (SIL) rate was 2.2%, with a median ASCUS/SIL ratio of 1.3. The authors' laboratories (university, independent, and hospital) revealed ASCUS rates of 1.6–9.0%, while SIL rates were 2.1–9.0%. The ASCUS/SIL ratio was less variable, 0.8–2.7. Follow‐up of ASCUS patients in the authors' laboratories showed 10.3–43% with SIL, but less than 6% with high grade SIL. The ratio ASCUS/SIL may serve as a useful laboratory monitor. Peer review and follow‐up studies of ASCUS serve to validate laboratory criteria and consequent clinical follow‐up. Communication with clinicians is vital in ensuring optimal patient care. Diagn Cytopathol 1994; 11:390–396. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effusion cytology in burkitt's lymphoma
Authors: Haddad Michael G. , Silverman Jan F. , Joshi Vijay V. , Geisinger Kim R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe American form of Burkitt's lymphoma is a high‐grade malignancy which usually involves the abdomen in children and young adults. There is only a limited literature which describes the cytologic features of Burkitt's lymphoma in serous effusions. We present three children with Burkitt's lymphoma initially diagnosed by effusion cytology. the first patient, an 11‐yr‐old boy, presented with bilateral pleural effusions, ascites, and abdominal masses and had diagnostic pleural fluid cytology without tissue confirmation (ultrastructural examination was performed on the effusion specimen). He died 7 months after the initial diagnosis. the second patient, a 9‐yr‐old boy, presented with ascites and abdominal masses and had diagnostic peritoneal fluid cytology with a subsequent confirmatory chest wall biopsy. the third patient, a 16‐yr‐old girl, presented with a 2‐month history of irregular menses, a large pelvic mass, lymphadenopathy, and liver masses. Although an ovarian malignancy was clinically suspected, cytologic examination of her peritoneal fluid revealed Burkitt's lymphoma. Surgical exploration revealed involvement of her right ovary, cecum, and terminal ileum. the second and third patients are currently alive with no apparent disease following chemotherapy. in all three patients, effusion cytology revealed Burkitt's lymphoma, characterized by a uniform population of noncohesive lymphoid cells with noncleaved nuclei, prominent multiple nucleoli, and scanty‐to‐moderate basophilic cytoplasm. Cytoplasmic and/or nuclear vacuoles were also seen, more prominent in Diff‐Quik—stained, air‐dried smears. These cases demonstrate the importance of recognizing the cytologic features of Burkitt's lymphoma, as serous fluid may be the initial diagnostic specimen.
Utilization of fine‐needle aspiration biopsy in the diagnosis of metastatic tumors to the pancreas
Authors: Carson Henry J. , Green Linda K. , Castelli Melanie J. , Reyes Cesar V. , Prinz Richard A. , Gattuso Paolo 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThere is relatively little information concerning the use of fine‐needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) to diagnose a mass in the pancreas that is secondary to metastatic tumor. This study reviews the incidence and types of neoplasms which metastasize to the pancreas and assesses the contribution FNAB can make in their diagnosis. of 117 radiologically guided FNABs of the pancreas, 11% (n = 13) showed metastatic malignancy. Nine patients had a previous history of malignancy while four patients presented with a pancreatic mass and were subsequently found to have widespread malignant disease. the majority of metastatic lesions were epithelial (77%, n = 10). Patient outcomes were generally poor (mean survival 2.8 mo). Metastases to the pancreas occur from a variety of primary sites and should be considered in patients with a pancreatic mass and a history of prior malignancy. FNAB is useful in diagnosing these metastases and this is clinically important because of their poor prognosis.
Diagnosis of lymphoma, leukemia, and metastatic tumor involvement of the cerebrospinal fluid by cytology and immunocytochemistry
Authors: Tani Edneia , Costa Isabel , Svedmyr Erik , Skoog Lambert 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFifty‐five cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens from 42 patients with suspected meningeal tumor involvement were reviewed. Cytology in conjunction with immunocytochemistry identified 26 CSF specimens as malignant. There were fifteen cases of lymphoma, four cases of leukemia, two cases of carcinoma, and two cases of melanoma. A monoclonal light chain expression was demonstrated in nine out of eleven B cell lymphomas. the three T‐cell lymphomas all expressed pan T markers (CD 3) and two the T‐helper antigen (CD 4). One patient had meningeal involvement of a true histiocytic lymphoma which was indentified by its large atypical cells which were positive for α‐1‐anti‐trypsin and muramidase. in four patients with a primary diagnosis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia, CSF involvement was confirmed by the demonstration of blasts with CD 10 (cALLA) or light chain restriction. Epithelial or melanocytic markers were demonstrated on the tumor cells in CSF from the remaining four patients.In 29 CSF specimens a diagnosis of reactive lymphocytosis was made using cytomorphology which mostly was characterized by macrophages mixed with small mature lymphoid cells. Immunologic evaluation showed that these mature cells were CD 10 negative T‐cells and only few specimens contained polyclonal B‐cells. the subsequent clinical course of these patients showed no evidence of CNS malignancy.It is concluded that cytology should be used in conjunction with immunocytochemistry to accurately evaluate CSF specimens from patients with possible malignant meningitis.
Tuberculous lymphadenitis: Extended cytomorphologic features
Authors: Pandit Ajita Avinash , Khilnani Pushpa Hiranand , Prayag Arunakumari S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn tuberculous lymphadenitis, FNAC smears sometimes reveal only caseous necrosis without epithelioid cell granuloma. They pose a diagnostic problem, if AFB staining is negative. the diagnostic clue noticed in these cases was presence of multiple pink, homogenous structures with irregular shape and well‐defined margins: “eosinophilic structures” (ES). the purpose of the present study is to find out the nature of ES and their role in the diagnosis of tuberculosis.Seventy FNAC smears from documented cases of tuberculous lymphadenitis were classified according to their cytomorphological features. the association and relation of ES with other morphological criteria was noted. Immunoperoxidase staining was performed to find out the reactivity of ES to tuberculous antigen. Its intensity of positivity was compared with epithelioid cell granuloma and degenerating granuloma. It was concluded that ES are degenerated granuloma and thus form an extended diagnostic criterion. Diagn Cytopathol 1995;12:23‐27.
Predictors of human papilloma virus in patients with keratinization
Authors: Hudock Jude , Hanau Cheryl A. , Hawthorne Clementine , Jordan Andrea G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractGiven the prevalence of human papilloma virus (HPV) infection, an attempt was made to determine whether certain factors such as keratinization and/or squamous atypia are associated with its development. Review of our gynecologic cytology files from 1989 yielded 1,615 specimens showing parakeratosis and/or hyperkeratosis, without cytologic evidence of HPV. Concomitant diagnoses included no atypia [keratinization only (KO)], inflammatory squamous atypia (ISA), and squamous atypia (SA).Morphologic follow‐up including repeat cytology or biopsy was available for 916 cases, 92 (10.0%) of which possessed changes of HPV. For any case with both cytologic and biopsy evidence of HPV, only the biopsy result was tabulated.HPV on follow‐up examination was detected in 52 (6.7%) of the 764 cases with KO; in 20 (20.8%) of the 96 cases with keratinization and ISA (KISA); and in 20 (35.7%) of the 56 cases with keratinization and SA (KSA).The definitive diagnosis of HPV was based on previously described features (Gupta, In: Comprehensive Cytopathology, Philadelphia: WB Saunders, 1991:133‐140) including nuclear enlargement with nuclear membrane irregularities in combination with sharply demarcated paranuclear cytoplasmic clearing. Affected cells have rounded borders. Binucleated cells are not uncommon.The increasing percentage of HPV from KO to KISA to KSA is not necessarily surprising. However, mathematical analysis revealed statistically significant differences in the development of HPV in each of the 3 groups: KISA vs. KO (P < 0.001), KSA vs. KO (P < 0.001), and KSA vs. KISA (P < 0.05). Therefore, a cytologic diagnosis of keratinization with ISA or especially SA should warrant closer follow‐up than that of KO.
Pulmonary lymphoma in cardiac transplant patients treated with okt3 for rejection: Diagnosis by fine‐needle aspiration
Authors: Reyes Cesar V. , Jensen Joanne , Chinoy Mumtaz 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAt Hines VA Hospital, three out of 38 cardiac transplant patients, who were 9, 10, and 14 mo post‐surgery and treated with immunosuppressive drugs, including OKT3 prophylaxis for acute rejection, developed a solitary pulmonary nodule.Fine‐needle aspiration biopsy of the nodules in these three patients revealed a hypercellular, monotonous population of large lymphoid cells. These abnormal cells were isolated, with small aggregates occasionally seen. the nuclear membranes were irregular, the chromatin was finely granular, nucleoli were prominent, and mitotic figures were frequently noted.The cells were immunoreactive to leukocyte common antigen and B‐lymphocyte. Lambda light chain immunoglobulin was positive in one case, kappa in the second case, and neither light chains in the third patient. By electron microscopy in one case, the cells were large immature lymphoid cells with immunoblastic features. Subsequent tissue studies, complemented by frozen section immunostaining, flow cytometry, and phenotyping, reaffirmed the diagnosis of malignant lymphoma.It appears that OKT3 therapy increases several fold the risk of lymphoma's developing in cardiac transplant patients. Preliminary published reports have also recommended close surveillance of patients receiving OKT3 for early indications of lymphoproliferative disorder and a reevaluation of the risk vs. benefit for the prophylatic use of OKT3.
Antigen expression of alveolar macrophages in smokers and patients with lung diseases
Authors: Athanassiadou Pauline P. , Athanassiades Peter H. , Kostopoulos Charalambos , Kyrkou Kalliopi , Petrakakou Efthalia , Veroni Sofia 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAlveolar macrophage function was studied immunocytochemically using three monoclonal antibodies—macrophage CD 68 KP 1 (M), protein CD 11C (P), and anti‐elastin (EL)—and three polyclonal antibodies—lysozyme (LZ), alpha‐1‐antitrypsin (AAT), and alpha‐1‐antichymotrypsin (AACT). the material for study was smears obtained from bronchial washings from 15 healthy persons and 60 patients with respiratory infections or primary or secondary malignant lung infiltration. Eight of the healthy group and 40 of the patient group were smokers (SM). the percentage of cells obtained from the washings which were macrophages was also measured.The intensity of staining reactions for each of the six antigens was noted and in general more intense staining was noted in smokers than in non‐smokers. More intense staining was observed in patients with pulmonary infections (group II PI) and metastatic pulmonary infiltrations (group IV MP Ca) than in controls (group IC), while patients with primary lung cancer (group III PP Ca) had highly reduced staining reactions. the number of macrophages was similarly increased in all groups in comparison with the IC group for non‐smokers and in all groups except III PP Ca for smokers. It is concluded that smoking, pulmonary infections, and metastatic infiltration of the lung are associated with an increase in the number and activity of alveolar macrophages, while patients with primary lung cancer have an increase in the number of macrophages which are functionally incompetent.
Confocal microscopy of false‐negative breast aspirates
Authors: Boon M. E. , Schut J. J. , Suurmeijer A. J. H. , Benita E. M. , Hut P. K. H. , Kok L. P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractEven when using a novel optimized FNA‐21® for breast fineneedle aspiration biopsy, our series of 163 breast lesions with consecutive histology, including 110 carcinomas, contained eight cancer cases with a negative cytologic diagnosis. Two consisted exclusively of thick, undiagnosable epithelial fragments and were devoid of detached malignant cells on which the proper diagnosis could have been made. Optical sectioning of the original smears by the confocal microscope allowed us to reclaim from these epithelial fragments the diagnostic abnormal chromatin patterns, even in the air‐dried smears. in the thin optical sections the cancerous tubular or cribriform growing pattern was visualized. the high spatial resolution of the confocal microscope can be further exploited with the application visualization system (AVS). the AVS three‐dimensional reconstructions allow us to see the surface of these malignant cells in a detail approaching that of scanning electron microscopy. Furthermore, the internal aspects of the malignant nuclei can be visualized with these techniques.
Mycoses of the breast: Diagnosis by fine‐needle aspiration
Authors: Farmer Charles , Stanley Michael W. , Bardales Ricardo H. , Korourian Sohelia , Shah Hememdra , Bradsher Robert , Klimberg Vicki S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFungal infections of the breast are unusual and may clinically mimic carcinoma. When studied by fine‐needle aspiration (FNA), such masses may yield necrosis, granulomatous inflammation, reactive histiocytes, and atypical epithelial cells. Cohesive groups of atypical epithelial cells featured nuclear enlargement and overlapping, as well as prominent nucleoli. the organisms may be widely scattered, so that careful evaluation was required for their identification. in concert with provocative clinical findings, these features may lead to an erroneous diagnosis of malignancy. We describe three women with mycotic masses of the breast initially studied by FNA. the first patient presented at age 31 with a large, firm breast mass, chest wall extension, and radiographic evidence of vertebral bone involvement. FNA was requested to confirm the clinical diagnosis of advanced breast carcinoma. in addition to the atypia described above, the smears showed yeast forms indicative of blastomycosis surrounded by neutrophils. She remains well, following antifungal treatment. the second case of Blastomycosis was diagnosed by FNA of a breast mass in a 64‐yr‐old woman, who also responded to treatment. the third patient's preoperative needle aspiration showed granulomas, but no organisms were identified, even with special stains; silver stains of surgically excised tissue showed histoplasmosis.
Glycogen‐rich clear cell carcinoma of the breast: Report of a case with fine‐needle aspiration cytology and immunocytochemical and ultrastructural studies
Authors: Alexiev Borislav A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFine‐needle aspiration cytology, immunocytochemistry, and electron microscopic findings are described in a case of glycogen‐rich clear cell carcinoma of the breast. the aspirate contained many small and large papillary cell groups and numerous single tall columnar cells with apical cytoplasmic projections and mild to moderate degree of nuclear pleomorphism. Cytochemical localisation of glycogen and immunostaining on air‐dried smears with CEA and actin monoclonal antibodies permitted the correct identification and differential diagnosis of the tumor. Electron microscopic examination of the resected specimen confirmed the diagnosis of glycogen‐rich clear cell carcinoma. the differential diagnosis and potential diagnostic pitfalls are discussed, and recommendation are offered to prevent misdiagnosis.
Sialadenitis with crystalloid formation: A report of six cases diagnosed by fine‐needle aspiration
Authors: Johnson Frank B. , Oertel Yolanda C. , Ammann Kathleen 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSix cases of sialadenitis diagnosed by fine‐needle aspiration contained large numbers of crystalloids. Light microscopy, ultrastructure, and chemical analysis suggest that the crystalloids represent crystallized salivary α‐amylase.The inflammatory swelling may mimic benign and/or malignant neoplasms of the salivary glands. Drainage and/or antibiotic therapy may allow surgery to be avoided in these patients.
Fine‐needle aspiration cytopathology of soft tissue: Chondromyxoid and myxoid lesions
Authors: Wakely Paul E. , Geisinger Kim R. , Cappellari James O. , Silverman Jan F. , Frable William J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSoft‐tissue lesions pose an intimidating challenge to diagnostic interpretation by fine‐needle aspiration cytology. to better characterize such aspirates, we investigated a subgroup of lesions which yielded a large amount of chondromyxoid and myxoid stroma (CMS). Thirty‐three cases (22 malignant lesions, 11 benign lesions) in which CMS was a prominent feature of the smears were studied. the most common malignant neoplasms were extraskeletal chondrosarcoma (6 cases), myxoid liposarcoma (6), and malignant fibrous histiocytoma (5). the benign entities consisted of ganglion cyst (4), myxoma (3), and neurofibroma (2). of the aspirates from 22 malignant neoplasms, 15 (68%) contained opaque stroma, and in 18 (81%) the stroma was distributed as discrete clumps or fragments; all extraskeletal chondrosarcomas and chordomas contained these features. Additionally, in five of six chondrosarcomas the matrix exhibited cells within lacunae. Except for a tracheal chondroma which extended into the adjacent soft tissue, no benign aspirates had all three of these cytologic features. Twenty‐three aspirates (70%) were moderately or highly cellular; all but two of these were malignant. Moderate to marked nuclear atypia occurred in 13/22 (59%) malignant and 1/11 (9.0%) benign aspirates. With a few exceptions, aspiration smears of benign lesions with abundant CMS were characterized by low cellularity, semitransparent amorphous stroma, and lack of nuclear irregularity. Recognition of variations in the character of the background material in addition to traditional cytologic criteria can aid in the diagnosis of benign and malignant chondromyxoid and myxoid aspirates of soft tissue. © 1995 Wiley‐ Liss, Inc.