bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Canine Hypoadrenocorticism: Report of 37 Cases and Review of 39 Previously Reported Cases
Authors: Willard Michael D. , Schall William D. , McCaw Dudley E. , Nachreiner Raymond F. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Thirty-seven cases of canine hypoadrenocorticism were compared with 39 previously reported cases. The 2 series were compared because it was believed that a study of 37 consecutive cases diagnosed at 1 institution (Michigan State University) and compiled by 1 group of veterinarians would yield data that were more representative of the disease than multiple cases from various institutions.
Age, sex, and breed data were similar in both series. The frequency of anorexia, vomiting, depression, and the mean values for the clinicopathologic data were similar for both series except for blood glucose concentration (P< 0.025).
The Michigan State University series was different in that it had a lower frequency of eunatremia, increased plasma total solids, and hypoglycemia but a higher frequency of lymphocytosis, lymphopenia, hyponatremia, hyperglycemia, and hypercalcemia. Further, 3 dogs in the Michigan State University series had azotemia plus near isosthenuric urine, suggesting renal disease, but they seemingly responded to therapy for hypoadrenocorticism. Only 1 such case was identified in the literature. Finally, we detected fewer instances of P waves not being evident in lead II of an electrocardiogram.
Demodicosis in Dairy Goats
Authors: Williams Jeffrey F. , Williams Christine S. F. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Multiple nodular skin lesions on an adult Saanen doe were found to be caused by demodectic mites. An identical condition developed in the daughter of the affected goat despite separation from the mother at 24 hours after birth. Of 7 other goats in contact with the doe, 2 had a few demodectic nodules. Of 84 goats examined at a local show, 7 (from 4 herds) were similarly affected. The observations suggested that the nodular form of demodicosis is widespread in Michigan dairy goats and that perinatal transmission may occur.
Concentration of Halothane in Veterinary Operating and Treatment Rooms
Authors: Ward George S. , Byland Robert R. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Fourteen operating rooms and 3 treatment rooms in veterinary facilities were monitored for ambient halothane. All rooms except 1 were in private practices. Regularly scheduled surgical or dental procedures were monitored under routine working situations of each facility. The mean maximal steady halothane value for all rooms was 4.7 ppm, with a range of 1.1 to 18 ppm. In 10 of the 17 rooms, concentrations exceeded the recommended maximum of 2 ppm. Rooms that had scavenging devices averaged 1.4 ppm whereas rooms without scavenging devices averaged 5.2 ppm. The average room volume for the 17 rooms was 39.7 m3, with a range of 21.6 to 79 m3. The average ventilation or air movement for 11 rooms was 6 room air exchanges/hour. The average time spent in the rooms during halothane usage was 1.8 hours.
Urinary indices for differentiation of prerenal azotemia and renal azotemia in horses
Authors: Grossman Brian S. , Brobst Duane F. , Kramer John W. , Bayly Warwick M. , Reed Stephen M. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The urine urea nitrogen/plasma urea nitrogen ratio (Uun/Pun), urine creatinine/plasma creatinine ratio (Ucr/Pcr), urine osmolality/plasma osmolality ratio (Uosm/Posm), and fractional excretion of filtered sodium (FENa) were evaluated in 16 horses with acute azotemia to ascertain the significance of each index in the differentiation of prerenal azotemia from renal azotemia. Renal azotemia was diagnosed when renal biopsy or postmortem histologic examination demonstrated evidence of organic renal disease or when azotemia was found in the presence of isosthenuria. The diagnosis of prerenal azotemia was based on the absence of renal histologic lesions or stabilization of blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine soon after therapy. In 10 horses with renal azotemia, Uun/Pun was 2.1-14.3, Ucr/Pcr was 2.6-37.0, Uosm/Posm was 0.8-1.7, and FENa was 0.08-10.10. In 6 horses with prerenal azotemia, Uun/ Pun was 15.2-43.7, Ucr/Pcr was 51.2-241.5, Uosm/ Posm was 1.7-3.4, and FENa was 0.02-0.50. The values for each of these indices differed significantly between the 2 groups of horses (P < 0.05). It was concluded that these indices were of value in the early classification of renal failure in the horse and that this information could be utilized in planning of therapy of acute azotemia in the horse.
222Rn for treatment of periocular fibrous connective tissue sarcomas in the horse
Authors: Frauenfelder Harry C. , Blevins William E. , Page Edwin H. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Twelve periocular fibrous connective tissue sarcomas in 11 horses were treated with 222Rn. Follow-up periods ranged from 1 to 6 years; the overall non-recurrence rate at 12 months after therapy was 92%. Two lesions recurred 2 years after treatment, and 1 after 3 years. One of the former lesions has not recurred after a 2nd 222Rn treatment.
Acquired inguinal hernia in the horse: A review of 27 cases
Authors: Schneider R. K. , Milne D. W. , Kohn C. W. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Twenty-seven cases of acquired inguinal hernia in the horse were reviewed. The history, clinical signs, treatment, and complications were summarized. Mortality was 25.9%. Only 13 of the 27 cases were diagnosed prior to admission. With early diagnosis and treatment, mortality should approach zero. In 24 of these cases, the hernia was strangulated. In each case, the signs were colic, a firm slightly enlarged testicle in the scrotum, and small intestine displacement through the inguinal ring, as determined via rectal palpation. It was concluded that palpation of the scrotum and inguinal rings should be performed on every stallion with colic. The importance of early diagnosis in decreasing mortality was illustrated by the comparison of nonsurvivors to survivors.
Gastric ulcers in foals
Authors: Rebhun W. C. , Dill S. G. , Power H. T. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Gastric ulceration was diagnosed in 5 foals on the basis of typical clinical signs. These signs included depression, abdominal pain, bruxism, excessive salivation, gastric reflux, and a tendency to lie in dorsal recumbency for prolonged periods. Three of the 5 foals died, and numerous gastric ulcers were found at necropsy. Two foals survived following symptomatic therapy.
Disseminated necrotizing panniculitis and pancreatic nodular hyperplasia in a dog
Authors: Moreau Philippe M. , Fiske Robert A. , Lees George E. , Corrier Donald E. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
An 8-year-old female Poodle had severe necrotizing skin disease characterized by numerous large red-purple, nonpruritic lesions. The larger lesions had soft, intensely discolored centers that contained sterile viscous blood-tinged material. Biopsies of the lesions revealed necrotizing panniculitis (subcutaneous fat necrosis). The dog did not respond to intensive therapy and euthanasia was performed. Necropsy findings included diffuse fat necrosis and pancreatic nodular hyperplasia. A pathoetiologic relation between pancreatic disease and diffuse fat necrosis in this dog was suggested.
Bilateral arytenoid cartilage lateralization for laryngeal paralysis in the dog
Authors: Rosin Eberhard , Greenwood Kenneth 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Bilateral arytenoid cartilage lateralization was used successfully to treat 3 dogs with bilateral laryngeal paralysis. In our hands, this technique was more effective than unilateral arytenoid cartilage lateralization in resolving the signs of laryngeal paralysis and in avoiding the complications that may follow partial laryngectomy.
Intussusception associated with Anoplocephala perfoliata infection in five horses
Authors: Barclay Willam P. , Phillips Thomas N. , Foerner Joseph J. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Intussusception associated with Anoplocephala perfoliata infection was found in 5 horses. The unusual types of intussusception and the presence of tapeworms at the leading edge of the intussuscipiens suggested tapeworms as the cause of the problem. Lesions attributable to tapeworm attachment on the mucosa were found to fit a mechanical model of intussusception. Treatment of two of the horses and some of their pasturemates with pyrantel pamoate caused elimination of intact tapeworms.
Eradication of bovine leukemia virus infection from a high-prevalence herd, using radioimmunoassay for identification of infected animals
Authors: Ferrer Jorge F. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Radioimmunoassay (ria), using the virion glycoprotein antigen, was applied in an attempt to eradicate bovine leukemia virus (blv) infection from a herd in which virtually all the adult cattle are infected. Considering that most calves born to blv-infected cows are negative for blv at birth and remain negative for the first several months of life, the eradication program was based on the identification and isolation of the blv-free calves born to infected cows.
Twenty-five calves raised on colostrum and milk from their infected dams were classified as blv-free on the basis of negative results in the ria at 6 to 8 and 9 to 11 months of age. These animals were maintained in either complete (10 calves) or partial (15 calves) isolation from infected cattle and were examined at regular intervals for blv and blv antibodies.
With the exception of 1 calf in the group raised in partial isolation, the animals have remained free of blv up to the time of the last evaluation, when they were 32 to 35 months old. At these ages, more than 90% of the nonisolated cattle in the herd are blv-positive.
The data also show that this eradication trial would have failed if, in the initial procedure used to classify the calves as blv-free, the agar gel immunodiffusion test instead of the ria had been used.
Inasmuch as the 25 calves in this study were fed colostrum and milk from their dams, the fact that only 1 of the calves became infected during the 26 to 29 months of observation provides further evidence that milk-borne transmission of blv is infrequent and perhaps inconsequential.
Malignant neoplasia of canine ribs: Clinical, radiographic, and pathologic findings
Authors: Feeney D. A. , Johnston G. R. , Grindem C. B. , Toombs J. P. , Caywood D. D. , Hanlon G. F. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
An analysis was made of 17 cases of microscopically proven rib neoplasms, with the objective of evaluating the variability of clinical and radiographic findings, the neoplastic cell types, the occurrence of metastases, and the survival time following the diagnosis. In 15 dogs with primary rib neoplasms and in 2 dogs with secondary (presumably metastatic) rib neoplasms, the clinical signs commonly included dyspnea and a localized swelling on the thoracic wall. For the dogs with primary rib neoplasms, the mean age was 4.5 years, with a range of 1.3 to 16 years. On radiography, rib osteolysis, extra and/or intrathoracic soft tissue masses often containing areas of mineralization, and pleural effusion were commonly identified. Ribs 5 through 9 were the most commonly affected and the right side was involved twice as often as the left side.
Osteosarcoma was the most frequently diagnosed tumor, but chondrosarcomas and hemangiosarcoma were also found. At necropsy, over 50% of the dogs with primary rib neoplasms had metastases in the lungs. Less than 10% of the dogs with primary rib osteosarcomas survived more than 4 months after the diagnosis.
Fracture-associated sarcoma in the dog
Authors: Stevenson S. , Hohn R. B. , Pohler O. E. M. , Fetter A. W. , Olmstead M. L. , Wind A. P. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Seven fracture-associated sarcomas developed in large-breed dogs after stabilization of comminuted long bone fractures with stainless steel plates and screws. In most cases, the healing pattern of the fractures was disturbed. The mean interval between fracture occurrence and tumor diagnosis was 5.5 years. Radiographically, the sarcomas were typified by smooth-bordered subperiosteal proliferation and soft tissue mineralization. Cortical destruction was variable. Several histologic subtypes of osteosarcoma were seen. Four sarcomas had a marked inflammatory cell component and 5 of the dogs had clinical evidence of chronic infection. These findings were similar to those in 35 previously reported fracture-associated sarcomas, even though many types of fixation devices in addition to plates, as well as no fixation at all, were represented in these cases. Fracture-associated sarcomas most frequently were found to be diaphyseal, and the femur accounted for almost half of the sarcomas reported.
Use of nuclear scintigraphy to characterize an intrathoracic mass in a foal
Authors: Hornof William J. , Koblik Philip D. , O'Brien Timothy R. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A 2-month-old Thoroughbred colt with noisy and difficult respiration was diagnosed as having an intrathoracic mass, using conventional radiographic techniques. Nuclear scintigraphy was then used to characterize the mass, leading to successful surgical removal.
Insulin-induced hyperglycemia in diabetic dogs
Authors: Feldman E. C. , Nelson R. W. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Insulin-induced hyperglycemia was diagnosed in 8 dogs with diabetes mellitus. Owners sought veterinary care because of polydipsia, polyuria, polyphagia, persistent morning glycosuria, or seizures in their dogs. These abnormalities had persisted despite increasing the dosage of insulin. Insulin-induced posthypoglycemic hyperglycemia was diagnosed by determining blood glucose concentrations every 2 hours during a 24-hour period, beginning at 8 am. Wide fluctuations in the blood glucose concentration were reduced by decreasing the daily insulin dose. The signs observed by the owners disappeared after the insulin dose was reduced.
The anion gap as a prognostic indicator in horses with abdominal pain
Authors: Bristol D.G. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The anion gap was calculated for each of 90 horses with signs of abdominal pain, using laboratory data obtained shortly after admission. The anion gap was defined as the difference between the sodium concentration (mEq/L) and the sum of the chloride and bicarbonate concentrations. To evaluate the use of the anion gap as a prognostic indicator, the survival rates were calculated for horses whose anion gap concentrations were within various ranges. It was found that the probability of survival decreased as the anion gap progressively increased above 20 mEq/L. The survival rates for increasing ranges of anion gap were as follows: < 20 mEq/L, 81% survival; 20 to 24.9 mEq/L, 47%; ≥ 25 mEq/L, 0%. Though not of diagnostic significance as to the source of abdominal pain, the anion gap is a suitable prognostic indicator.
Flexible carbon fiber for repair of gastrocnemius and superficial digital flexor tendons in a heifer and gastrocnemius tendon in a foal
Authors: Valdez H. , Coy C. H. , Swanson T. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Severed gastrocnemius and superficial digital flexor tendons in a 15-month-old Guernsey heifer and an avulsed gastrocnemius tendon in a 3-month-old Pinto filly were surgically repaired, using carbon fiber. The heifer was able to stand and to walk normally after approximately 12 weeks. The filly was slightly lame when last seen, at 18 months.
Diseases of pigeons and doves in Texas: Clinical findings and recommendations for control
Authors: Panigrahy B. , Grimes J. E. , Glass S. E. , Naqi S. A. , Hall C. F. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A total of 153 pigeons (Columba livia) from 65 flocks were received for necropsy between September 1974 and August 1981. The diseases diagnosed in pigeons/flocks were tetrameriasis (40/20), trichomoniasis (19/12), salmonellosis (21/9), ascariasis (23/10), pox (7/3), capillariasis (3/2), coccidiosis (2/1), sarcosporidiosis (1/1), pasteurellosis (1/1), and rickets/osteomalacia (4/1).
Of 695 pigeon serum samples collected in the upper coastal area of Texas, 206 (29.6%) were positive for chlamydial antibodies.
A total of 32 doves (Streptopelia sp, Scardafella inca, and Zenaida macroura) were received during the same period. The diseases diagnosed were trichomoniasis (4) and salmonellosis (28).
Periosteal transection for correction of angular limb deformities in foals
Authors: Auer Joerg A. , Martens Ronald J. , Williams E. H. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Seventeen foals with angular limb deformities of the distal end of the radius (valgus: 26 limbs), distal end of the tibia (valgus: 6 limbs), and distal end of the 3rd metacarpal bone/metatarsal bone (varus: 4 limbs) were treated surgically by means of hemicircumferential division of the periosteum proximal to the involved growth plate, at the concave side of the bone. There was some correction in all cases. The best results were seen in the radius, where 22 of 25 limbs were corrected to a deviation of 4 degrees or less. Satisfactory correction was obtained in the 6 tibias, the 2 third metacarpal bones, and the 2 metatarsal bones.
Sarcocystosis in an aborted bovine fetus
Authors: Hong C. B. , Giles R. C. , Newman L. E. , Fayer R. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Sarcocystosis was diagnosed in an aborted bovine fetus. Immature and mature schizonts of Sarcocystis were disseminated in the vascular endothelium of all organs, but especially the brain. Microscopic granulomas, focal gliosis, and petechial hemorrhages in the neuropil were scattered in the brain. Multifocal collections of mononuclear cells were observed in the kidney, liver, and heart. Organisms in sections of frozen tissues were demonstrated by immunofluorescent techniques to be Sarcocystis.
Streptococcus suis type II-associated diseases in swine: observations of a one-year study
Authors: Sanford S. Ernest , Tilker Anne M. E. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Streptococcus suis type II was isolated from 170 pigs submitted to a veterinary diagnostic laboratory in Ontario, Canada, over a 1-year period. The most common disease condition with which the organism was identified was suppurative bronchopneumonia, usually secondary to enzootic pneumonia of pigs. The organism was also isolated in cases of pleuropneumonia, valvular endocarditis, arthritis, and vaginitis as well as from aborted fetuses.
A condition characterized by neonatal disease and rapid death, usually within the first 24 hours of life, was identified in 23 pigs from 5 farms. Meningitis was identified in 15 weaned pigs from 8 farms.
All S suis type II isolates tested for antimicrobial sensitivity were sensitive to penicillin and ampicillin. Most isolates were also sensitive to chloramphenicol and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, but resistant to streptomycin and tetracycline.
Accessions from which the organism was isolated were concentrated in the colder months of the year, with few or no isolates recorded in the summer months.
Osteochondrosis, degenerative joint disease, and vertebral osteophytosis in middle-aged bulls
Authors: Weisbrode Steven E. , Monke Donald R. , Dodaro Stephen T. , Hull Bruce L. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Twenty-five middle-aged (65 ±18 months) dairy bulls sent to slaughter for nonmedical reasons were evaluated for joint disease in the stifle and the lumbar vertebrae. Fourteen bulls had degenerative joint disease and 3 had osteochondrosis (osteochondritis dissecans) of the distal end of the femur. These lesions predominantly involved the lateral trochlear ridge. Twenty-one bulls had vertebral osteophytosis. Degenerative joint disease and vertebral osteophytosis were common in these middle-aged bulls and, even when severe, were rarely associated with lameness.
Septic arthritis and osteomyelitis of the hip in six mature dogs
Authors: Schrader Steven C. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Septic arthritis and osteomyelitis of the hip was diagnosed in 6 mature dogs (7 hips). The most common clinical signs were lameness, anorexia, and lethargy. Periacetabular new-bone formation with concurrent destruction of the articular contours of the hip was the most consistent radiographic finding. Thorough debridement of the joint, including femoral head and neck excision, followed by systemic antibiotic therapy was effective in controlling infection and maintaining acceptable limb function in dogs that were surgically managed.
Blood groups in animals
Authors: Stormont Clyde J. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
The membrane of rbc is literally peppered with a great variety of antigenic determinants (blood factors). Some are fixed genetically, ie, they occur on the rbc of all members of the species under study. Others segregate genetically, ie, they occur on the rbc of some but not all members of the species under study. It is these segregating determinants that form the blood groups proper, the classic example being blood factors A and B of the ABO system of human blood groups. The number of blood group determinants varies considerably between species (eg, >80 in domestic cattle to only 1 in the new world Camelidae). Genetic analysis has shown that the blood factors belong to one or another of a limited number of blood group systems. Some of these systems, similar to the B system of cattle, are enormously complex, whereas others involve but a single blood factor. The object of the present paper is to report on the extent of genetic variation in blood groups and how information on blood groups is being used clinically.
Assays of cellular immunity
Authors: Schultz Ronald D. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Numerous cellular assays are available to study the response or activities of mononuclear and polymorphonuclear cells in domestic species. When the assays, most developed originally to study rodent or human cells, are adapted to the cells of domestic species, minor or major modifications have been necessary. Furthermore, interpretation of results of the assays with cells from domestic species are not always consistent with those obtained in the original system, and it should not be expected that the assays will always provide results that can be interpreted similarly among species. Application and additional experience with these techniques, as well as new techniques, will provide a foundation for our understanding of the importance of cellular mechanisms in immunity of domestic species.
Parasitisms among wild swine in southeastern United States
Authors: Smith H. Μ. , Davidson W. R. , Nettles V. F. , Gerrish R. R. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Examination of 187 wild swine from 20 locations in 11 southeastern states revealed at least 25 species of endoparasites and 7 species of ectoparasites. Three parasites of public health importance (Sarcoptes scabiei, Spirometra sp, and Toxoplasma gondii) were disclosed by this study. The absence of Trichinella spiralis indicates that wild swine in the Southeast are not a reservoir for Tr spiralis.
Papilloma-like virus infection in Bolivian side-neck turtles
Authors: Jacobson Elliott R. , Gaskin Jack Μ. , Clvbb Susan , Calderwood Maron B. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Five Bolivian side-neck turtles had multifocal small, round to confluent, white skin lesions distributed over the head. Several gram-negative microorganisms were isolated from the lesions. Light microscopy revealed hyperkeratosis and hyperplasia of the epidermis. Ultrastructural evaluation demonstrated crystalline aggregates of virus particles within nuclei of cells in the stratum granulosum and free within the stratum corneum. On the basis of size, location, arrangement, and tissue affected, the particles resembled papillomaviruses.