bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Why moving there? Spanish SIEs: factors and motivations involved in the choice of the host destination
Authors: Blanco Maria Rita , Golik Mariela 
Published: April 2024

PurposeThis paper aims to explore the Spanish Self-Initiated Expats’ (SIEs) motivations and factors involved in the choice of the host destination.Design/methodology/approachThrough an exploratory and qualitative study, drawing upon SIE literature on motivations and careers, 22 Spanish SIEs were interviewed in a semi-structured way.FindingsMost SIEs clearly detailed the line of reasoning behind the host destination choice (specific destination); a second group considered a limited number of potential countries to relocate to (alternative destinations), and the smallest one did not choose a specific location. Career motivations were the most mentioned ones and different degrees of career planning were found: those with a very defined career planning process relied upon one potential destination, while those with a less defined one considered several alternative host destinations. The European Region Action Scheme for the Mobility of University Students experience was one of the most mentioned factors influencing the choice of the host destination, which may be common to other European Union (EU) nationals. As to the limiting ones, the visa requirements outside the EU were identified. Other factors were particular to Spain, such as the perceived need for English proficiency for a successful global career and the degrees of career planning.Practical implicationsThese findings may assist Talent Management Managers to align organizational strategies with SIEs motivations. They may also help future Spanish and European SIEs in their individual career management process.Originality/valueThis study contributes to a better understanding of the expatriation motivations and factors influencing the destination location of Spanish SIEs, adding to the SIE and global career literature.
Mercury Systems: Debt? Equity? Cash on hand?
Authors: White Susan V. , Hallows Karen 
Published: April 2024

Research methodology
This case was researched using publicly available sources, including Mercury Systems financial filings and press releases, news stories about the seasoned equity offering, financial information from Bloomberg and industry information from IBISWorld Industry Reports and articles related to seasoned/secondary equity offerings, intangible asset valuation and the use of revolving lines of credit. Quotes are taken from Mercury financial reports and press releases and express the (optimistic) opinions of company executives.

Case overview/synopsis
Mercury Systems, a technology company in the aerospace and defense industry, announced a six million share seasoned stock offering in June 2019. This resulted in a 6% stock price decrease. A stock price decrease is a typical event when a firm announces the issuance of new common shares, but with Mercury Systems, there were concerns about how much money the firm needed to fund its strategy of growth through acquisitions. If internally generated funds were not sufficient, should the firm issue debt or have another seasoned equity issue? Students will look at the objectives and success of the most recent seasoned equity issue, determine future funds needs and how the firm should finance these needs.

Complexity academic level
This case is appropriate for undergraduate and graduate students in corporate finance electives. Typically, topics such as seasoned equity offerings are not covered in introductory courses, so this is recommended for finance electives. Even in advanced finance courses, sometimes there is insufficient time to cover seasoned equity offerings.
Precipitation seasonality and soil texture interact to shape dryland recovery from severe disturbance
Authors: Terry Tyson J. , Adler Peter B. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Disturbances drive large changes in plant composition and ecosystem functioning in drylands, but current understanding of how recovery following disturbance depends on the environment is limited due to challenges in analysing effects of disparate disturbances across abiotic gradients.

We combined remote sensing and field observations across 5600+ km of natural gas pipeline corridors and adjacent undisturbed vegetation to investigate how recovery from a uniform, severe disturbance varied with factors that influence water availability in drylands.

We found that recovery of net primary production (NPP) often remains incomplete, with only 42% of our sites projected to fully recover within 100 years. NPP recovery was quicker and more complete in regions that receive most of their annual precipitation at low temperatures and have fine‐textured soil; recovery of total shrub cover (median timing of 81 years) was faster on fine‐textured soils in locations that receive most of their annual precipitation at high temperatures. Locations with quick recovery of shrub cover were linked with a shift in dominant shrub species and incomplete NPP recovery.

Synthesis. Recovery of NPP and shrub cover in drylands were driven by different environmental factors. For both NPP and shrub cover, locations with high pre‐disturbance values required more time to recover to adjacent undisturbed levels than locations with low pre‐disturbance values. Quick recovery of shrub cover or productivity was generally linked with a shift in dominant plant species or functional group.
Considerations for multidisciplinary management of synchronous primary breast cancer and primary lung cancer – Analysis of thirty‐one patients
Authors: Chen Xue , Fang Yi‐fan , Yan Wan‐Pu 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe simultaneous (synchronous) presence of primary breast cancer and primary lung cancer diagnosed in a single individual is not an uncommon phenomenon. However, reference data for treatment strategy is scarce and “chaotic”. In the present study we discuss the management strategy for this group of patients.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed patients in the primary breast cancer database of the Breast Center and the primary lung cancer database of the Thoracic Surgery Department I of Peking University Cancer Hospital. Patients with synchronous primary breast cancer and primary lung cancer who underwent surgery between December 2010 and December 2023 were included in the study. The sequence of outpatient visits, recommendations of multidisciplinary teams, perioperative treatment, and surgical procedures were reviewed. Meanwhile, survival analysis based on propensity score matching with 1:1 ratio was performed between the 31 patients and those with lung cancer only during the same period.ResultsA total of 31 patients with synchronous primary breast cancer and primary lung cancer were identified; all of the patients were women. The average age was 61 years. A total of 24 of the patients had visited the breast center first, and routine chest computed tomography (CT) showed evidence of primary lung cancer. The other seven patients had visited the thoracic surgery clinic first, and routine positron emission tomography (PET)‐CT revealed the coexistence of primary breast cancer. All the patients had multidisciplinary team consultations, after which 20 patients were recommended to have preoperative treatment for breast cancer, two patients were recommended to have preoperative treatment for lung cancer, and nine patients were recommended to undergo surgery directly. After surgery, 23 patients received postoperative adjuvant treatment for breast cancer, and no patients needed postoperative adjuvant treatment for lung cancer. Survival analysis showed that there was no significant difference between the 31 patients and those with lung cancer only.ConclusionRoutine chest CT is needed for breast cancer patients before surgery, and PET‐CT is required for the accurate staging of lung cancer patients. A multidisciplinary expert team should manage synchronous primary breast cancer and primary lung cancer. Emphasis should be placed on patients who need preoperative treatment before surgery. Particularly, for patients who need preoperative chemotherapy, a regimen should be chosen that balances the treatment of lung cancer and breast cancer.
Development and validation of a machine learning model for prediction of type 2 diabetes in patients with mental illness
Authors: Bernstorff Martin , Hansen Lasse , Enevoldsen Kenneth , Damgaard Jakob , Hæstrup Frida , Perfalk Erik , Danielsen Andreas Aalkjær , Østergaard Søren Dinesen 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundType 2 diabetes (T2D) is approximately twice as common among individuals with mental illness compared with the background population, but may be prevented by early intervention on lifestyle, diet, or pharmacologically. Such prevention relies on identification of those at elevated risk (prediction). The aim of this study was to develop and validate a machine learning model for prediction of T2D among patients with mental illness.MethodsThe study was based on routine clinical data from electronic health records from the psychiatric services of the Central Denmark Region. A total of 74,880 patients with 1.59 million psychiatric service contacts were included in the analyses. We created 1343 potential predictors from 51 source variables, covering patient‐level information on demographics, diagnoses, pharmacological treatment, and laboratory results. T2D was operationalised as HbA1c ≥48 mmol/mol, fasting plasma glucose ≥7.0 mmol/mol, oral glucose tolerance test ≥11.1 mmol/mol or random plasma glucose ≥11.1 mmol/mol. Two machine learning models (XGBoost and regularised logistic regression) were trained to predict T2D based on 85% of the included contacts. The predictive performance of the best performing model was tested on the remaining 15% of the contacts.ResultsThe XGBoost model detected patients at high risk 2.7 years before T2D, achieving an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.84. Of the 996 patients developing T2D in the test set, the model issued at least one positive prediction for 305 (31%).ConclusionA machine learning model can accurately predict development of T2D among patients with mental illness based on routine clinical data from electronic health records. A decision support system based on such a model may inform measures to prevent development of T2D in this high‐risk population.
Does exposure to polymethyl methacrylate bone cement increase the risk of surgical glove failure?
Authors: Noye Nicholas , Steadman William , Whittaker Brent , Cacioli Paul , Wall Christopher 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIntroductionSurgical glove perforation has been linked to a double‐fold increased risk of surgical site infection. Infection in the context of arthroplasty can have devastating consequences. In orthopaedics, use of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) bone cement is commonplace, and the impact on glove strength and perforation risk is not fully understood. This study aimed to examine the resistance to perforation and thickness of gloves following PMMA exposure, in accordance with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standard for glove integrity.MethodsPairs of gloves were separated and randomly sorted into exposure and control groups. Twenty pairs of latex and 40 pairs of polyisoprene gloves were used. Exposure group glove cuffs were in contact with cement from a single surface of the glove for 13 min as cement cured. Force to perforation and glove thickness were tested in accordance with ISO guidelines.ResultsLatex gloves were found to have a significantly increased force to perforation following PMMA exposure (10.26 Newtons (N) vs. 9.81 N, P = 0.048). Both polyisoprene under‐ and over‐gloves were shown to have no significant change in strength to perforation post exposure (9.69 N vs. 9.83 N, P = 0.561, and 10.26 N vs. 10.65 N, P = 0.168, respectively). All groups were over the ISO standard minimum strength of 5 N.ConclusionsExposure of latex and polyisoprene surgical gloves to PMMA bone cement does not appear to increase glove perforation risk and rather may improve natural rubber latex glove strength. This study supports the use of latex and polyisoprene surgical gloves in procedures that involve the handling of PMMA bone cement.
Value and Valorisation of Space: Notes for a Debate on Critical Geography
Authors: Costa Bruno Moreira Riani 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis article delves into the concept of valorisation of space, a prominent notion in Marxist geographical literature in Brazil. We critically examine this concept—stemming from a theoretical approach introduced in the 1980s during the critical renewal of Brazilian geography—by juxtaposing it with contributions from the Marxist value‐form tradition. This comparison reveals certain operational limits in the concept of valorisation of space. Nevertheless, these limitations can be overcome by more precisely defining it as a subset of practices within the broader context of space production: it can be conceptualised as a specific type of space production, occurring when space itself becomes the subject of valorisation. Furthermore, we explore the potentialities of the concept, showcasing its operationalisation through concrete examples of dynamics within the Brazilian territory.
Disrupting the social and time vacuum: A systemic and lifespan perspective on job insecurity
Authors: Debus Maike E. , Unger Dana 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn their lead article, Klug et al. conceptualize job insecurity as a multilevel construct whereby individuals are situated in mesolevel and macrolevel contexts. In our article, we advocate deepening the current conceptual model with two partially intertwined perspectives. First, we suggest adding a systemic perspective at the mesolevel that considers individuals' nestedness in family and relationship systems, thus looking into how individuals' job insecurity affects close others (i.e., [romantic] partners and family members) and how close others affect individuals' experience of and reactions to job insecurity. To illustrate our propositions, we draw on the crossover model and the systemic‐transactional model of stress processes within romantic couples. Second, we suggest adding a lifespan perspective that considers biographic time as a facet of the individual level in addition to historical time on the macrolevel. In doing so, we draw on the notion of path dependence and processes related to social learning. We advocate for future research taking into account the various, intertwined levels on which job insecurity operates to fully understand job insecurity as well as its consequences and remedies.
Quantitative MRCP and metrics of bile duct disease over time in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis: A prospective study
Authors: Trivedi Palak J. , Arndtz Katherine , Abbas Nadir , Telford Alison , Young Liam , Banerjee Rajarshi , Eddowes Peter , Jhaveri Kartik S. , Hirschfield Gideon M. 
Published: April 2024

SummaryBackgroundImaging markers of biliary disease in primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) have potential for use in clinical and trial disease monitoring. Herein, we evaluate how quantitative magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) metrics change over time, as per the natural history of disease.MethodsIndividuals with PSC were prospectively scanned using non‐contrast MRCP. Quantitative metrics were calculated using MRCP+ post‐processing software to assess duct diameters and dilated and strictured regions. Additionally, a hepatopancreatobiliary radiologist (blinded to clinical details, biochemistry and quantitative biliary metrics) reported each scan, including ductal disease assessment according to the modified Amsterdam Cholangiographic Score (MAS).ResultsAt baseline, 14 quantitative MRCP+ metrics were found to be significantly different in patients with PSC (N = 55) compared to those with primary biliary cholangitis (N = 55), autoimmune hepatitis (N = 57) and healthy controls (N = 18). In PSC specifically, baseline metrics quantifying the number of strictures and the number and length of bile ducts correlated with the MAS, transient elastography and serum ALP values (p < 0.01 for all correlations). Over a median 371‐day follow‐up (range: 364–462), 29 patients with PSC underwent repeat MRCP, of whom 15 exhibited quantitative changes in MRCP+ metrics. Compared to baseline, quantitative MRCP+ identified an increasing number of strictures over time (p < 0.05). Comparatively, no significant differences in biochemistry, elastography or the MAS were observed between timepoints. Quantitative MRCP+ metrics remained stable in non‐PSC liver disease.ConclusionQuantitative MRCP+ identifies changes in ductal disease over time in PSC, despite stability in biochemistry, liver stiffness and radiologist‐derived cholangiographic assessment (trial registration: ISRCTN39463479).
Decadal vegetation changes in a subarctic‐alpine ecosystem: Can effects of Iceland's largest hydropower reservoir, climate change, and herbivory be detected?
Authors: Óskarsdóttir Guðrún , Ágústsdóttir Kristín , Thórisson Skarphéðinn G. , Guðmundsdóttir Gerður , Jónsdóttir Guðrún Áslaug 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAimsWhile plot‐based vegetation surveys provide means to precisely track changes in plant species abundance and distribution, ecosystems are continuously influenced by numerous drivers, confounding interpretation of monitoring results. Following the making of Iceland's largest hydropower reservoir in 2006, a decadal vegetation monitoring was set up. Relating our results to those of different types of environmental monitoring associated with the hydropower project, we aimed to gain insights into the forces driving the spatio‐temporal vegetation pattern.LocationSubarctic‐alpine area near Hálslón reservoir, East Iceland.MethodsAt the time of its making, we conducted a baseline plant survey in a total of 72 plots, spread around Hálslón reservoir's vicinity (each containing ten 0.25 m2subplots). Plots were located in three different habitat types (heathlands, wetlands, poorly vegetated land), at three different sites regarding direction and distance from the reservoir. A decade later, we resurveyed the plots and reviewed the results of other environmental monitoring projects in the area, mostly presented in the gray literature.ResultsTemporal changes in vegetation were mostly inconsistent between and within habitat types, but some general trends were noticed, that is, decreased lichen and fern cover in heathlands. Distance from the reservoir did not significantly affect changes in vegetation cover. The greatest overall changes were detected where great changes in herbivore land usage had been recorded during the study.ConclusionsDirect effects of Hálslón reservoir on vegetation in our study plots were not noticed. Most likely, the reservoir indirectly impacted vegetation in our study through loss of grazing area, affecting herbivore land usage, coupled with an unrelated population growth of two of the area's main wild herbivores before and during the study period. Response to climate change was not detected, potentially concealed by substantial land‐use change and a short study period.
Development and validation of the employer anti‐unionism scale based on data from US workers
Authors: Zientara Piotr , Adamska‐Mieruszewska Joanna , Bąk Monika 
Published: April 2024

AbstractLabour union organizing has experienced a resurgence of interest in the United States. However, a series of unionization drives have spotlighted the hostility of employers toward unionization. Despite numerous studies examining employer anti‐unionism from a qualitative perspective, a significant gap remains as there is currently no available instrument to quantitatively measure this phenomenon. This study, therefore, develops and validates a scale that measures employee perceptions of employer anti‐unionism. Based on data gleaned from US workers (N = 55, N = 200, N = 225, N = 250 and N = 158) at two points in time, it follows a multi‐step scale development procedure. The 10‐item unidimensional scale, which provides a micro‐level snapshot of workplace realities, is characterized by internal consistency and composite reliability, as well as indicates face, content and construct validity. The study also confirmed the instrument's predictive and nomological validity. The results indicate that there was a negative relationship between employer anti‐unionism and organizational identification, and that attitudes toward unions moderated this relationship. We also found that employer anti‐unionism was negatively associated with workers’ job satisfaction, intention to quit and positively with intention to join unions. The study concludes by discussing its theoretical contributions and practical implications.
Development and validation of a radiosensitivity model to evaluate radiotherapy benefits in pan‐cancer
Authors: Yang Qi , Zhou Xinyi , Fang Jianbo , Lin Anqi , Zhang Hongman , Cheng Quan , Liu Zaoqu , Luo Peng , Zhang Jian 
Published: April 2024

AbstractRadiotherapy, one of the most fundamental cancer treatments, is confronted with the dilemma of treatment failure due to radioresistance. To predict the radiosensitivity and improve tumor treatment efficiency in pan‐cancer, we developed a model called Radiation Intrinsic Sensitivity Evaluation (RISE). The RISE model was built using cell line‐based mRNA sequencing data from five tumor types with varying radiation sensitivity. Through four cell‐derived datasets, two public tissue‐derived cohorts, and one local cohort of 42 nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients, we demonstrated that RISE could effectively predict the level of radiation sensitivity (area under the ROC curve [AUC] from 0.666 to 1 across different datasets). After the verification by the colony formation assay and flow cytometric analysis of apoptosis, our four well‐established radioresistant cell models successfully proved higher RISE values in radioresistant cells by RT‐qPCR experiments. We also explored the prognostic value of RISE in five independent TCGA cohorts consisting of 1137 patients who received radiation therapy and found that RISE was an independent adverse prognostic factor (pooled multivariate Cox regression hazard ratio [HR]: 1.84, 95% CI 1.39–2.42; p < 0.01). RISE showed a promising ability to evaluate the radiotherapy benefit while predicting the prognosis of cancer patients, enabling clinicians to make individualized radiotherapy strategies in the future and improve the success rate of radiotherapy.