bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Learned social hopelessness: the role of explanatory style in predicting social support during adolescence
Authors: Ciarrochi Joseph , Heaven Patrick C.L. 
Published: October 2008

Background:  Almost no research has examined the impact of explanatory style on social adjustment. We hypothesised that adolescents with a pessimistic style would be less likely to develop and maintain social support networks.Methods:  Seven hundred and nineteen students (351 males and 366 females; 2 unknown; MAGE = 12.28, SD = .49) completed an anonymous survey in Grades 7 through 10. Explanatory style was assessed in Grades 7 and 9, sadness was assessed in Grades 7 through 10, and quantity and quality of social support was assessed in Grades 8, 9, and 10.Results:  Structural equation modelling was used to conduct cross‐lagged panel analyses of the four waves of data. Pessimistic explanatory style predicted lower levels of social support, and lower social support from the family predicted higher levels of pessimistic explanatory style. Additional analyses suggested that the effects could not be explained by sadness or by assuming that pessimistic adolescents where less liked by their peers.Conclusions:  Pessimistic adolescents feel unable to influence their social worlds in positive ways and consequently may not take actions to develop and maintain social support networks.
Do alien North American mink compete for resources with native South American river otter in Argentinean Patagonia?
Authors: Fasola L. , Chehébar C. , Macdonald D. W. , Porro G. , Cassini M. H. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractAmerican minkMustela vison, originally bred in fur farms, have become established in areas occupied by native endangered Southern river otterLontra provocax, in Patagonia. In accordance with European experience, this biological invasion in South America raises questions about the interaction between invasive mink and native otter, from the viewpoints of both community assembly and conservation. We set out (1) to find which aspects of habitat structure were related to the distribution of signs of both this invasive species and Southern river otterLontra provocax, in Argentinean Patagonia and their most common prey and (2) to test general predictions of niche partitioning between these two species. Based on surveys of 447 of 600 m transects for otter and mink scats/footprints along the waterside of lakes and rivers in the Andean Patagonian region, we compared diet composition (from scat analysis) and micro‐habitat preferences (from field signs) of the two species. Otters were more specialist than mink in habitat use and diet. Mink used different habitats in other river basins where otters were absent. Where they occurred together in the basin of the Limay River, the distributions of their signs were similar, and mink diet was more similar to that of otters. There was no detectable difference in otter diet before and after mink arrival in the Limay basin. Contrary to the prediction of niche partitioning, and to the findings of European studies, resource use by mink was more similar to that of otters where the species occurred sympatrically than where they were allopatric.
Inter‐arm blood pressure differences in pregnant women
Authors: Poon LCY , Kametas N , Strobl I , Pachoumi C , Nicolaides KH 
Published: October 2008

Objective  To determine the prevalence of blood pressure inter‐arm difference (IAD) in early pregnancy and to investigate its possible association with maternal characteristics.Design  A cross‐sectional observational study.Setting  Routine antenatal visit in a university hospital.Population  A total of 5435 pregnant women at 11–14 weeks of gestation.Methods  Blood pressure was taken from both arms simultaneously with a validated automated device.Main outcome measures  The presence of inter‐arm blood pressure difference of 10 mmHg or more.Results  The IAD in systolic and diastolic blood pressure was 10 mmHg or more in 8.3 and 2.3% of the women, respectively. Systolic IAD was found to be significantly related to systolic blood pressure and pulse pressure, and diastolic IAD was found to be significantly related to maternal age, diastolic blood pressure and pulse pressure. The systolic and diastolic IAD were higher in the hypertensive group compared with the normotensive group and absolute IAD increased with increasing blood pressure. About 31.0 and 23.9% of cases of hypertension would have been underreported if the left arm and the right arm were used, respectively, in measuring the blood pressure.Conclusions  There is a blood pressure IAD in a significant proportion of the pregnant population, and its prevalence increases with increasing blood pressure. By measuring blood pressure only on one arm, there is a one in three chance of underreporting hypertension. Therefore, it would be prudent that during the booking visit blood pressure should be taken in both arms and thus provide guidance for subsequent blood pressure measurements during the course of pregnancy.
The value of the short‐term fetal heart rate variation for timing the delivery of growth‐retarded fetuses
Authors: Serra V , Moulden M , Bellver J , Redman CWG 
Published: October 2008

Objective  To assess the clinical value of the short‐term fetal heart rate variation (STV) for timing the delivery of severely growth‐retarded fetuses, many associated with pre‐eclampsia.Design  Retrospective cohort study.Setting  John Radcliffe Maternity Hospital, Oxford, UK.Population  Two hundred and fifty‐seven fetuses with a birthweight less than third percentile and a last computerised cardiotocography performed within 24 h of delivery.Methods  Analysis of the relationship between antepartum STV and the perinatal outcome.Main outcome measures  Stillbirth rate and the acid–base status at birth.Results  There were no stillbirths or neonatal deaths (NNDs) within 24 h in the study population. Decreasing STV was correlated with earlier deliveries (P < 0.001), lower birthweight (P < 0.001), lower umbilical artery pH at birth (P < 0.001), worse acid–base status at birth (P < 0.001) and worse postnatal outcome (P < 0.002). The STV was able to predict the presence or absence of acidaemia and metabolic acidaemia (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve 0.70 and 0.75, respectively, P < 0.001). The risk of metabolic acidaemia increased as the antepartum STV decreased, the optimum cutoff level being ≤ 3.0 milliseconds (positive and negative predictive values 64.6 and 86.6%). An STV ≤ 3.0 milliseconds was associated with markedly higher rate of metabolic acidaemia and early NNDs compared with an STV > 3.0 milliseconds (54.2 versus 10.5% and 8.3 versus 0.5%, respectively; P < 0.001). The deaths of the former group were all due to extreme prematurity and very low birthweight.Conclusions  The antepartum STV is an important marker of perinatal outcome in severely growth‐retarded fetuses. Timing the delivery of the most preterm and small fetuses remains a difficult task.
Documentation of simulated shoulder dystocia: accurate and complete?
Authors: Crofts JF , Bartlett C , Ellis D , Fox R , Draycott TJ 
Published: October 2008

Objective  To investigate completeness and accuracy of record keeping by comparison of documentation and actual events, recorded on video and through a force‐monitoring device, during simulated shoulder dystocia.Design  An observational study.Setting  Six maternity units in South West of England.Population  Seventy‐one midwives and 39 doctors.Methods  Doctors and midwives documented their management of a shoulder dystocia simulation on paper used in their hospital (simple notepaper or preformatted form). Documentation was compared with video recording of each simulation and an electronic record of force applied during delivery.Main outcome measures  Documentation of head‐to‐body delivery time (and comparison with actual delivery time). Documentation of force (and comparison with actual applied force).Results  A total of 110 participants documented their actions, 70.9% used a preformatted sheet, 29.1% used hospital notepaper. Fifty‐six percent documented head‐to‐body delivery interval (HBDI) with 56% overestimating the time by more than 1 minute. Force used during the simulation was documented by 70.9%, with no relationship between the subjective description of force applied and the maximum recorded force. The anterior shoulder was documented by 78.2% and correctly identified in 80%. Documentation of force was more likely if a preformatted sheet was used (88 versus 53%, P = 0.016). Documentation of the laterality of the anterior shoulder was tended to be more accurate with plain hospital notepaper (93 versus 78%, P = 0.3526).Conclusions  Manoeuvres performed were well documented. HBDI and force applied were not documented accurately in the majority of simulated deliveries. Use of a preformatted sheet appeared to improve completeness, but not accuracy, of documentation.
Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation to treat vestibulodynia: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Murina F , Bianco V , Radici G , Felice R , Di Martino M , Nicolini U 
Published: October 2008

Objective  To assess the efficacy of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) in the treatment of vestibulodynia.Design  Double‐arm randomised placebo‐controlled trial.Setting  An outpatient department for vulval disease.Population  Forty women with vestibulodynia, a vestibular discomfort mostly reported as a burning pain, occurring in the absence of relevant visible findings or a specific, clinically identifiable, neurological disorder.Methods  Twice a week active TENS or sham treatment were delivered through a vaginal probe via a calibrated dual channel YSY‐EST device. Women of both groups underwent 20 treatment sessions.Main outcome measures  Visual analogue scale (VAS), the short form of the McGill–Melzack Pain Questionnaire (SF‐MPQ), the Marinoff Scale for dyspareunia and the Female Sexual Function Index questionnaire (FSFI) were assessed at baseline, at the end of treatment and at follow up 3 months after the end of treatment.Results  The VAS and SF‐MPQ scores (6.2 ± 1.9 and 19.5 ± 11.9 before treatment, respectively) improved significantly in the active TENS group (2.1 ± 2.7, P= 0.004 and 8.5 ± 10.7, P= 0.001, respectively), but not in the placebo group. The Marinoff dyspareunia scale and the FSFI also showed a significant improvement.Conclusions  TENS is a simple, effective and safe short‐term (3 months) treatment for the management of vestibulodynia.
Cerebral palsy and restricted growth status at birth: population‐based case–control study
Authors: Jacobsson B , Ahlin K , Francis A , Hagberg G , Hagberg H , Gardosi J 
Published: October 2008

Objective To evaluate the association between growth status at birth and subsequent development of cerebral palsy in preterm and term infants.Design Population‐based case–controlled study.Setting Cerebral palsy register in Western Sweden.Subjects Cohort of 334 singletons born between 1983 and 1990, with cerebral palsy diagnosed from age 4, and 668 singletons matched for gestation, gender and delivery unit.Method Growth status at birth was determined using small for gestational age (SGA) categories, with customised birthweight percentiles (SGAcust) based on the Swedish population.Main outcome measures Proportion of babies that were SGAcust, comparing cases and controls in three gestational age categories: early preterm (24–33 weeks), late preterm (34–36 weeks) and term (37+ weeks).Results Of the 334 children with cerebral palsy, 87 (26.6%) were born early preterm, 27 (8.1%) late preterm and 218 (66%) at term. Children who had been born at term were more likely to have been SGA <1st customised percentile (SGAcust1) than their matched controls (OR 6.6, 95% CI 2.3–18.6). In contrast, children with cerebral palsy born preterm were not more likely to have been SGAcust1 (OR 0.9, 95% CI 0.4–1.9), and this applied to early preterm as well as late preterm births. For less severely small babies (SGA between 1st and 5th customised percentiles), the association with cerebral palsy remained significant for term births (OR 5.2, 95% CI 2.7–10.1) but was again not significant for preterm births.Conclusions Term singletons with severely SGA birthweights had a five‐ to seven‐fold risk of developing cerebral palsy compared with gestational age‐matched infants with birthweights within normal limits. For children born preterm, SGA was not more likely to be present in cases than in controls. These findings support the concept of cerebral palsy as a multifactorial condition and highlight the importance of antenatal surveillance of fetal growth.
Termination of pregnancy according to immigration status: a population‐based registry linkage study
Authors: Vangen S , Eskild A , Forsen L 
Published: October 2008

Objective  Frequency of termination of pregnancy (TOP) and associated risk factors according to immigration status were studied.Design  Population‐based registry study linking hospital data with information from the Central Population Registry of Norway.Setting  Oslo, Norway.Population  All women 15–49 years undergoing TOP and resident in Oslo, Norway from 1 January 2000 to 31 July 2003.Methods  TOP rates per 1000 women/year were calculated. The association of socio‐economic variables such as maternal age, marital status, number of children and education level within the study groups were estimated as odds ratios and using logistic regression.Main outcome measure  Termination of pregnancy.Results  Refugees (30.2, 95% CI = 28.5–31.8) and labour migrants (19.9, 95% CI = 18.7–21.3) had significantly higher TOP rates than nonmigrants (16.7, 95% CI = 16.3–17.1). Except in women less than 25 years, labour migrants had higher TOP rates than nonmigrants. Refugees had the highest rates in all age groups. Being unmarried was associated with a substantially increased risk of TOP among the nonmigrants; such effect was not observed among labour migrants and refugees. Two or more children were associated with increased risk among nonmigrants and refugees compared with four or more among the labour migrants. Generally, higher education showed a protective effect that was most pronounced among nonmigrants. Compared with nonmigrants, adjusted risk of TOP was 1.37 (95% CI = 1.25–1.50) for labour migrants and 1.94 (95% CI = 1.79–2.11) for refugees.Conclusion  Public health efforts to increase the use of contraceptives among refugees and labour migrants above 25 years should be encouraged.
Evidence of early first‐trimester growth restriction in pregnancies that subsequently end in miscarriage
Authors: Mukri F , Bourne T , Bottomley C , Schoeb C , Kirk E , Papageorghiou AT 
Published: October 2008

Objectives  To examine whether viable early pregnancies that subsequently end in miscarriage exhibit evidence of first‐trimester growth restriction.Design  Prospective cohort study.Setting  Early pregnancy unit (EPU) of a teaching hospital.Population  Women attending EPU between 5 and 10 weeks of gestation.Methods  Women with spontaneously conceived intrauterine, viable singleton pregnancies with certain last menstrual period and regular cycles were included. The deviation between the observed and expected crown–rump length (CRL) for gestation was calculated and expressed as a z score. Pregnancies were followed up until the 11–14 week scan, and the deviation between those that remained viable and miscarried subsequently was calculated.Main outcome measures  Viability at 11–14 week scan.Results  Over 6 months, 316 women met the inclusion criteria. Twenty‐four (7.4%) women were excluded. Of the remaining 292, the pregnancy remained viable in 251 (86%) and 41 (14%) suffered a miscarriage. At the first transvaginal ultrasound, the z score of the mean measured CRL for pregnancies that remained viable was −0.82, SD 1.46, while in pregnancies that subsequently miscarried the z score was −2.42 and the CRL was significantly smaller, SD 1.31 (P < 0.0001). In the latter group, the initial CRL was below the expected mean for gestational age in all women, while in 61% (25/41), the CRL was at least 2 SDs below the expected mean.Conclusions  CRL was significantly smaller in pregnancies that subsequently ended in miscarriage. This suggests that early first‐trimester growth restriction is associated with subsequent intrauterine death.
Should parity be included in customised fetal weight standards for identifying small‐for‐gestational‐age babies? Results from a French multicentre study
Authors: Ego A , Subtil D , Grange G , Thiebaugeorges O , Senat M‐V , Vayssiere C , Zeitlin J 
Published: October 2008

Objective  Parity is one of several parameters used to customise fetal growth norms. However, it is uncertain whether the lower birthweight of babies born to primiparous women reflects physiological or pathological variation. Our aim was to assess the impact of adjusting for parity in identification of small‐for‐gestational‐age (SGA) births.Design  Comparison of two customised definitions of SGA with and without parity.Setting  Routinely collected data in five tertiary maternity hospitals in France.Population  A total of 51 126 singleton births without malformations from 1997 to 2002.Methods  Characteristics of mothers and babies and adverse pregnancy outcomes for SGA and non‐SGA births were compared using customised definitions with and without parity.Main outcome measures  Neonatal morbidity and mortality.Results  SGA births among primiparas increased from 14.9 to 18.0% when parity was excluded. Overall rates of SGA rose from 14.4 to 15.0%. Newly defined cases of SGA were babies of primiparas. They had higher rates of admission to a neonatal unit and caesarean section than babies reclassified as non‐SGA. Perinatal mortality was 9.1‰ (parity included) and 9.7‰ (parity excluded) and did not differ significantly from babies classified as non‐SGA by both standards (5.4‰).Conclusions  Adjustment for parity markedly decreased the proportion of primiparas diagnosed with SGA babies but did not appear to improve the identification of high‐risk babies. Removing parity would simplify the customised definition of SGA and would eliminate the need for the assumption that lower birthweight for primiparous women is normal.
A randomised comparison of vaginoscopic office hysteroscopy and saline infusion sonography: a patient compliance study
Authors: Van Dongen H , De Kroon CD , Van Den Tillaart SAHM , Louwé LA , Trimbos‐Kemper GCM , Jansen FW 
Published: October 2008

Objective  The purpose of this study was to compare patient discomfort during saline infusion sonography (SIS) and office hysteroscopy performed according to a vaginoscopic approach.Design  Randomised controlled trial.Setting  University hospital.Population  Women with an indication for further investigation of the uterine cavity.Methods  A total of 100 women randomly allocated to either SIS or vaginoscopic office hysteroscopy in an outpatient clinic.Main outcome measures  Scores on a visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain and a present pain intensity (PPI) scale, conclusiveness and success rate.Results  The patients’ pain scores on both the VAS and the PPI were lower for SIS when compared with office hysteroscopy (P < 0.05). However, in cases of severe pain (VAS > 7 or PPI > 2), there was no statistically significant difference between both groups. The success rate, defined as adequate inspection of the cervical canal and uterine cavity, was 94% for SIS compared with 92% for office hysteroscopy (P = 0.633). SIS, multiparity, shorter procedure time and position of the uterus in anteversion decreased pain scores among women studied.Conclusions  Both SIS and office hysteroscopy are successful procedures and well tolerated by women. SIS induces significantly less discomfort than office hysteroscopy and should therefore be considered the method of choice.
Modelling pink‐footed goose (Anser brachyrhynchus) wintering distributions for the year 2050: potential effects of land‐use change in Europe
Authors: Wisz Mary , Dendoncker Nicolas , Madsen Jesper , Rounsevell Mark , Jespersen Martin , Kuijken Eckhart , Courtens Wouter , Verscheure Christine , Cottaar Fred 
Published: October 2008

ABSTRACTFeeding on farmland by overwintering populations of pink‐footed geese (Anser brachyrhynchus) conflicts with agricultural interests in Northern Europe. In order to forecast the potential future of this conflict, we used generalized linear models to relate the presence and absence of pink‐footed geese to variables describing the contemporary landscape, and predicted their future distributions in relation to two land‐use scenarios for the year 2050. One future scenario represented a global, economically orientated world (A1) and the other represented a regional, environmentally concerned world (B2). The probability of goose occurrence increased within cropland and grassland, and could be explained by their proximity to coast, elevation, and the degree of habitat closure. Predictions to future scenarios revealed noticeable shifts in the suitability of goose habitat evident at the local and regional scale in response to future shifts in land use. In particular, as grasslands and croplands give way to unsuitable land‐use types (e.g. woody biofuel crops, increased urbanization, and forest) under both future scenarios, our models predicted a decrease in habitat suitability for geese. If coupled with continued goose population expansion, we expect that the agricultural conflict will intensify under the A1 and particularly the B2 scenarios.
Distribution of parasitic fungal species richness: influence of climate versus host species diversity
Authors: Vacher Corinne , Vile Denis , Helion Emmanuelle , Piou Dominique , Desprez‐Loustau Marie‐Laure 
Published: October 2008

ABSTRACTOne major challenge in parasitology and epidemiology is determining whether the richness of parasitic and infectious diseases simply tracks host diversity or is largely determined by exogenous factors, such as climate‐forced variables. We addressed this issue by analysing a 30‐year survey of fungal diseases in French forests. We first combined generalized linear models and stepwise analyses to select the habitat descriptors that may account for variations in parasitic fungal species richness. Our results suggest that host species diversity is not a major determinant of parasite richness. Temperature seasonality, host abundance, and the composition of host species assemblages may play a greater role. Then we used structural equation modelling to investigate the links between these habitat descriptors and parasitic fungal species richness. Our results showed that climatic and host species descriptors had not only direct effects on species richness, but also indirect effects (via host species and sampling effort, respectively). Our results also showed that the direct effects of climate and host species were roughly equal. We therefore conclude that it is important to take into account exogenous factors when investigating the potential causes of spatial variation in the richness of parasitic diseases, in particular for plant diseases.