bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combined Therapy in a Patient With Papillon‐Lefèvre Syndrome: A 13‐Year Follow‐Up
Authors: Toygar Hilal Uslu , Kircelli Cem , Firat Ezgi , Guzeldemir Esra 
Published: August 2007

Background: Papillon‐Lefèvre syndrome (PLS) is an autosomal recessive disease characterized by hyperkeratosis of the palms and soles combined with premature loss of the primary and permanent dentition. Several treatment regimens have been recommended in the literature; however, a definitive treatment protocol has not been established. This case report evaluates the success of combined therapy in managing a patient with PLS.Methods: A 6‐year‐old girl diagnosed with PLS presented with aggressive periodontal destruction of her primary and permanent dentitions. After extraction of periodontally affected teeth, the edentate region was rehabilitated with different temporary dentures until her skeletal growth was complete. At the same time, her orthodontic treatment was performed. The early loss of her incisors resulted in inadequate alveolar bone height and width for esthetic‐advanced prosthetic rehabilitation. Alveolar bone augmentation was performed, and 6 months later, two intraosseous dental implants were placed into the central incisor zone.Results: After 13 years of treatment and follow‐up, the patient had periodontally healthy permanent dentition. She had practiced meticulous oral hygiene, and the orthodontic treatment was successful and without incident. Alveolar ridge augmentation and placement of an intraosseous implant with guided bone regeneration were performed successfully.Conclusions: This case report demonstrates that individually developed treatment protocols can provide long‐term dental/periodontal success in patients with PLS. A multidisciplinary approach with advanced periodontal surgery, orthodontic and prosthetic treatment, and implant therapy may be an appropriate treatment modality for dental rehabilitation in patients with PLS.
Gingival Crevicular Fluid VEGF Levels in Periodontal Health and Disease
Authors: Prapulla Devi V. , Sujatha Pai B. , Pradeep A.R. 
Published: August 2007

Background: Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a glycoprotein, has attracted attention as a potential inducer of angiogenesis. It is detectable in periodontal tissues within endothelial cells, plasma cells, and macrophages and in junctional, sulcular, and gingival epithelium. In periodontitis patients, the volume of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and the total amount of VEGF collected from diseased sites were greater than from clinically healthy sites. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of VEGF in periodontal disease progression and to investigate the effect of periodontal therapy on VEGF concentrations in GCF.Methods: Forty‐five subjects were divided into three groups based on gingival index, clinical attachment loss, and radiographic evidence of alveolar bone loss: healthy (group 1), gingivitis (group 2), and chronic periodontitis (group 3). A fourth group consisted of subjects from group 3, 8 weeks after treatment (scaling and root planing). GCF samples collected from each patient were quantified for VEGF levels using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Further, the correlation between VEGF levels in situ and the clinical parameters was analyzed in all groups and was analyzed before and after treatment in the periodontitis group.Results: The highest mean VEGF concentration (99.375 pg/ml) was observed in group 3, and the lowest was observed in group 1 (42.025 pg/ml). Its mean level in group 3 decreased to 54.60 pg/ml after treatment (group 4). Further, GCF VEGF levels showed a positive correlation with all of the clinical parameters.Conclusions: VEGF levels in GCF increased from health to periodontitis, and periodontal treatment resulted in a reduction in their concentrations. These data indicated that VEGF plays a key role in periodontal disease progression and can be considered a biomarker of periodontal disease progression.
Analysis of the Potential Association of Implant Stability, Laboratory, and Image‐Based Measures Used to Assess Osteotomy Sites: Early Versus Delayed Loading
Authors: Tözüm Tolga F. , Turkyilmaz Ilser , Yamalik Nermin , Karabulut Erdem , Eratalay Kenan 
Published: August 2007

Background: During the assessments made at presurgical, surgical, and follow‐up phases, the clinician may benefit from a wide array of clinical and/or image‐based measures. Because analysis of the potential associations among the various measures could improve the evaluation process for dental implants, this study attempted to determine the potential correlations among peri‐implant sulcus fluid (PISF) volume, implant stability, nitric oxide content of PISF, and marginal bone loss.Methods: Seventeen completely edentulous patients seeking prosthetic rehabilitation were included. Two ball attachment mandibular overdentures were given to all patients, and early‐ (N = 18) and delayed‐loaded (N = 16) dental implants were compared during 24‐weeks of follow‐up. Resonance frequency analysis (RFA), marginal bone level, and PISF samples were taken for all dental implants.Results: A consistent and negative correlation was observed between RFA measurements and marginal bone level, whereas some correlations also existed between RFA and PISF volume. The pattern of loading seemed to affect the relationship between RFA measurements and marginal bone level and, to a limited extent, the association between PISF volume and nitrite levels.Conclusions: Where the potential associations among various implant‐related measures are concerned, the factors that may affect such associations (e.g., healing and loading) need to be considered. Data arising from the analysis of the associations between the wide arrays of available implant‐related measures may improve dental practitioners' assessment concerning endosseous dental implants.
A Hyperactive Neutrophil Phenotype in Patients With Refractory Periodontitis
Authors: Johnstone Andrea M. , Koh Adeline , Goldberg Michael B. , Glogauer Michael 
Published: August 2007

Background: Neutrophils (PMNs) are critical components of the innate immune system and help to maintain oral health in the face of a constant bacterial challenge. However, along with protecting the periodontium from microbial invasion, these cells release potent lysosomal enzymes and oxygen radicals that can be destructive to periodontal tissues and lead to tooth loss. We examined neutrophil function in a unique population of patients diagnosed with refractory aggressive periodontitis (RAP).Methods: Venous blood was obtained from 12 non‐smoking patients who had been diagnosed with RAP, 10 patients with chronic periodontitis who had responded to periodontal therapy (CP), and 13 periodontally healthy controls (HCs). Peripheral blood PMNs were loaded with dihydrorhodamine 123 and stimulated with phorbol 12‐myristate 13‐acetate (PMA) to measure the receptor‐independent respiratory burst of these key immune cells. Phagocytosis via the complement and Fc‐gamma receptors was also assessed.Results: PMNs from patients with RAP displayed significantly increased PMA‐induced oxygen radical production compared to those from the HC and CP patients. PMNs from RAP patients also displayed increased phagocytosis compared to those from the CP group.Conclusions: Our findings demonstrated a larger receptor‐independent respiratory burst and higher phagocytotic activity in PMNs derived from patients with RAP compared to PMNs derived from CP patients and periodontally HCs. We speculate that the higher intrinsic intracellular activity of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase system may account for the continued periodontal breakdown, despite ongoing periodontal therapy in these challenging patients.
The Impact of a Low‐Frequency Chlorhexidine Rinsing Schedule on the Subgingival Microbiota (the TEETH clinical trial)
Authors: Persson G. Rutger , Yeates Justin , Persson Rigmor E. , Hirschi‐Imfeld Regula , Weibel Marianne , Kiyak H. Asuman 
Published: August 2007

Background: Information on the efficacy of chlorhexidine (CHX) rinsing on the subgingival microbiota is limited. This study tested if intermittent CHX rinsing over 5 years had an impact on the subgingival microbiota.Methods: Subgingival plaque samples were analyzed by the checkerboard DNA‐DNA hybridization method in a double‐blind randomized CHX rinse study.Results: A total of 210 subjects were included. The mean age of the subjects was 71.7 (± 4.1) years, and 56.2% were women. Evidence of alveolar bone loss was found in 39% of subjects. Bacterial loads were not correlated significantly with probing depth. At year 5, subjects in the CHX rinse group with no evidence of bone loss presented with lower total bacterial counts than control subjects with no bone loss. The levels of the following bacteria were significantly lower in the CHX group: Lactobacillus acidophilus (P <0.05), Eikenella corrodens (P <0.05), Fusobacterium nucleatum sp. nucleatum (P <0.01), Treponema denticola (P <0.05), Leptotrichia buccalis (P <0.05), and Eubacterium saburreum (P <0.05). No differences in bacterial loads were found between CHX and control rinse subjects with alveolar bone loss.Conclusions: Older subjects with or without periodontitis carry a large variety of bacteria associated with periodontitis. Intermittent rinsing with CHX may provide a preventive benefit in reducing levels of bacteria but only in subjects without alveolar bone loss.
Factors Related to HIV Disclosure in 2 South African Communities
Authors: Norman Amy , Chopra Mickey , Kadiyala Suneetha 
Published: August 2007

Disclosure of HIV status is an essential part of behavior modification and access and adherence to treatment in people infected with HIV. We conducted interviews in 2 South African communities of similar ethnic mix but with very different rates of disclosure of HIV status and found that disclosure was the catalyst for access to a variety of important and often essential resources. In the community with high rates of disclosure of HIV infection, disclosure led to greater access to formal institutional support and opportunities to take positive leadership roles in the community. Our findings highlight the prominence of wider sociopolitical contexts for disclosure decisionmaking and the need for HIV interventions to increase levels of disclosure of HIV infection.
Prevalence and Correlates of Substance Use Among High School Students in South Africa and the United States
Authors: Reddy Priscilla , Resnicow Kenneth , Omardien Riyadh , Kambaran Nilen 
Published: August 2007

Objectives. We compared prevalence rates and correlates of substance use among high school students in South Africa and the United States. Methods. We used weighted data from 2 nationally representative surveys of high school students. We conducted bivariate and multivariate analyses and examined between-country differences in rates and correlates of substance use were examined. Results. Rates of past-month alcohol and marijuana use were lower among South African students than among US students, but rates of illicit hard drug use were higher. Correlates of use in the 2 countries differed. For example, female gender was protective against tobacco, alcohol, and marijuana use in South Africa, whereas in the United States it was protective only against marijuana use. Black race/ethnicity was associated with lower rates of past-month cigarette and alcohol use in both countries, but the protective effect for alcohol use was stronger in South Africa. Conclusions. Crosscultural studies can elucidate common and culturally unique pathways to drug use. Our results can inform future research, policies, and behavioral interventions in South Africa.
The Effect of Disseminating Evidence-Based Interventions That Promote Physical Activity to Health Departments
Authors: Brownson Ross C. , Ballew Paula , Brown Kathrin L. , Elliott Michael B. , Haire-Joshu Debra , Heath Gregory W. , Kreuter Matthew W. 
Published: August 2007

Objectives. We explored the effect of disseminating evidence-based guidelines that promote physical activity on US health department organizational practices in the United States. Methods. We implemented a quasi-experimental design to examine changes in the dissemination of suggested guidelines to promote physical activity (The Guide to Community Preventive Services) in 8 study states; the remaining states and the Virgin Islands served as the comparison group. Guidelines were disseminated through workshops, ongoing technical assistance, and the distribution of an instructional CD-ROM. The main evaluation tool was a pre- and postdissemination survey administered to state and local health department staffs (baseline n=154; follow-up n=124). Results. After guidelines were disseminated through workshops, knowledge of and skill in 11 intervention-related characteristics increased from baseline to follow-up. Awareness-related characteristics tended to increase more among local respondents than among state participants. Intervention adoption and implementation showed a pattern of increase among state practitioners but findings were mixed among local respondents. Conclusions. Our exploratory study provides several dissemination approaches that should be considered by practitioners as they seek to promote physical activity in the populations they serve.
Assessment of a Medical Outreach Program to Improve Access to HIV Care Among Marginalized Individuals
Authors: Cunningham Chinazo O. , Sanchez John Paul , Heller Daliah I. , Sohler Nancy L. 
Published: August 2007

Marginalized populations are disproportionately affected by HIV, yet they have poor access to health services. Outreach programs focus on improving access, but few are evaluated. We assessed a medical outreach program targeting unstably housed, HIV-infected individuals. We extracted data from 2003–2005 to examine whether keeping medical appointments was associated with patient and program characteristics. Patients kept appointments more frequently when they were walk-in or same-day appointments (compared with future appointments; adjusted odds ratio [AOR]=1.69; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.38, 2.08), when they were at a community-based organization’s drop-in center (compared with single-room occupancy hotels; AOR=2.50; 95% CI=1.54, 4.17), or when made by nonmedical providers (compared with medical providers; future appointments: AOR = 1.38; 95% CI = 1.05, 1.80; same-day appointments: AOR = 1.70; 95% CI = 1.03, 2.81). These findings demonstrate the importance of program-related characteristics in health services delivery to marginalized populations.
The Treatment of Smoking by US Physicians During Ambulatory Visits: 1994–2003
Authors: Thorndike Anne N. , Regan Susan , Rigotti Nancy A. 
Published: August 2007

Objectives. We sought to determine whether US physicians’ practice patterns in treating tobacco use at ambulatory visits improved over the past decade with the appearance of national clinical practice guidelines, new smoking cessation medications, and public reporting of physician performance in counseling smokers. Methods. We compared data from the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey, an annual survey of a random sample of office visits to US physicians, between 1994–1996 and 2001–2003. Results. Physicians identified patients’ smoking status at 68% of visits in 2001–2003 versus 65% in 1994–1996 (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]=1.16; 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.04, 1.30). Physicians counseled about smoking at 20% of smokers’ visits in 2001–2003 versus 22% in 1994–1996 (AOR=0.84; 95% CI=0.71, 0.99). In both time periods, smoking cessation medication use was low (<2% of smokers’ visits) and visits with counseling for smoking were longer than those without such counseling (P<.005). Conclusions. In the past decade, there has been a small increase in physicians’ rates of patients’ smoking status identification and a small decrease in rates of counseling smokers. This lack of progress may reflect barriers in the US health care environment, including limited physician time to provide counseling.
Intersections of Ethnicity and Social Class in Provider Advice Regarding Reproductive Health
Authors: Downing Roberta A. , LaVeist Thomas A. , Bullock Heather E. 
Published: August 2007

Objectives. We examined how ethnicity and social class influence women’s perceptions of reproductive health care. Of primary interest was assessing whether health care providers are perceived as advising low-income women, particularly women of color, to limit their childbearing and to what extent they feel they are discouraged by providers from having future children. Methods. Ethnically diverse, low-income (n=193) and middle-class women (n=146) completed a questionnaire about their pregnancy-related health care experiences. Results. Logistic regression analyses revealed that low-income women of color experienced greater odds of being advised to limit their childbearing than did middle-class White women. A separate model demonstrated that low-income Latinas reported greater odds of being discouraged from having children than did middle-class White women. Conclusions. Low-income women of color were more likely to report being advised to limit their childbearing and were more likely to describe being discouraged from having children than were middle-class White women. More research is needed regarding how ethnicity and social class impact women’s experiences with reproductive health care.
Widening Ethnic Disparities in Infant Mortality in Southern Brazil: Comparison of 3 Birth Cohorts
Authors: Matijasevich Alicia , Victora Cesar G. , Barros Aluísio J.D. , Santos Iná S. , Marco Paula L. , Albernaz Elaine P. , Barros Fernando C. 
Published: August 2007

Objectives. We analyzed trends in mortality among infants born to White and to Black or mixed-race women in 3 population-based cohorts representing all births in 1982, 1993, and 2004 in Pelotas, southern Brazil. Methods. Births were assessed during daily visits to all maternity hospitals. Maternal skin color was classified by the interviewers as White or Black or multi-racial. We used logistic regression to adjust for socioeconomic, demographic, and health services variables. Results. The mortality rate among infants born to White mothers declined from 30.4 per 1000 live births in 1982 to 13.9 per 1000 in 2004, compared with 53.8 per 1000 to 30.4 per 1000 among those born to Black and mixed-race mothers. Differences for neonatal mortality were even more marked, with reductions of 47% and 11% for infants born to White and Black or mixed-race women, respectively. Adjusted analyses showed that ethnic group differences in neonatal and infant mortality were partly explained by differences in poverty and prenatal care. Conclusions. Over a 22-year period, improvements in health indicators were greater for infants born to White women than for other infants. The widening racial gap requires special attention from policymakers.
Dampness and Mold in the Home and Depression: An Examination of Mold-Related Illness and Perceived Control of One’s Home as Possible Depression Pathways
Authors: Shenassa Edmond D. , Daskalakis Constantine , Liebhaber Allison , Braubach Matthias , Brown MaryJean 
Published: August 2007

Objectives. We evaluated a previously reported association between residence in a damp and moldy dwelling and the risk of depression and investigated whether depression was mediated by perception of control over one’s home or mold-related physical illness. Methods. We used survey data from 8 European cities. A dampness and mold score was created from resident- and inspector-reported data. Depression was assessed using a validated index of depressive symptoms. Results. Dampness or mold in the home was associated with depression (odds ratio [OR]=1.39, 1.44, and 1.34, for minimal, moderate, and extensive exposure, respectively, compared with no exposure). This association became attenuated when perception of control (OR=1.34, 1.40, and 1.24; global P=.069) or a physical health index (OR = 1.32, 1.37, and 1.15; global P= .104) was included in the model. The mediation effects of perception of control over one’s home and by physical health appeared to be additive. Conclusions. Dampness and mold were associated with depression, independent of individual and housing characteristics. This association was independently mediated by perception of control over one’s home and by physical health.
Computational Model to Investigate the Sound Radiation from Rolling Tires
Authors: Biermann Jan , von Estorff Otto , Petersen Steffen , Schmidt Holger 
Published: August 2007

Abstract
Tire/road noise is one of the most urgent problems in traffic noise abatement. Therefore, to facilitate the design process of low noise tire/road systems, the development of appropriate computational tools, accounting for the most relevant effects of the noise generation and radiation, seems essential. However, until now no physically based and validated models exist that can be used to determine the sound radiation of rolling vehicle tires within the relevant frequency range and with reasonable accuracy. The numerical model presented here is based on a simulation process that may be split into several analysis steps: computation of the nonlinear stationary rolling process, analysis of the tire dynamics caused by the road roughness, and computation of the sound radiation. This contribution is concerned with the latter part of the analysis procedure.
For the sound radiation analysis, the vibrations on the tire surface are extracted from a preceding structural analysis and used as boundary conditions in the acoustic model. The acoustic simulation process is based on the finite/infinite element approach, where an improved variant of the so-called Astley-Leis elements is used to model the sound radiation. The efficiency of the employed numerical methods is somewhat essential, because computational costs generally restrict the frequency range which can be simulated. By evaluating the sound pressure field, it is possible to compare the acoustic performance of specific tire/road systems, and the influence of certain parameters, such as the road texture or the impedance, on the noise radiation can be studied. The current work focuses on the validation of the computational model. Hence, characteristic results from the numerical simulations are compared with corresponding measurement data obtained from different test setups, including standing as well as rolling tires.
This paper is dedicated to Em. O. Univ. Professor Dipl.-Ing. Dr. Techn. Dr. H. C. Franz Ziegler on the occasion of his 70th birthday.
Struktur, Verhalten und Einstellung von Schweizer Privatwaldeigentümern | Structure, behavior and perceptions of Swiss private forest owners
Authors: Zimmermann Willi , Wild-Eck Stephan 
Published: August 2007

More than a fourth of the Swiss forest belongs to private forest owners. Little is known about the demographic structure and attitudes of these 246 000 people. A better understanding of their motivations and attitudes is necessary to be able to optimally design policy measures, e.g. to enhance and secure their provision of timber or of recreational forest.
In this article, selected results of a questionnaire that was sent to a representative group of private forest owners are presented. In particular, aspects such as their demographic structure, attitudes towards agriculture, geographical distances between their home and forest, use of wood, and attitudes toward subsidies are discussed. The selected results of the study show that a change of the demographic structure among the group of private forest owners is taking place and that the impact of financial incentives offered by the government is rather modest.