bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of chemo-mechanical modelling in the development of battery technology—a perspective
Authors: Boyce Adam M , Martínez-Pañeda Emilio , Shearing Paul R 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In the race to reduce global CO2 emissions and achieve net-zero, chemomechanics must play a critical role in the technological development of current and next-generation batteries to improve their energy storage capabilities and their lifetime. Many degradation processes arise through mechanics via the development of diffusion-induced stress and volumetric strains within the various constituent materials in a battery. From particle cracking in lithium-ion batteries to lithium dendrite-based fracture of solid electrolytes in solid-state batteries, it is clear that significant barriers exist in the development of these energy storage systems, where chemomechanics plays a central part. To accelerate technological and scientific advances in this area, multi-scale and highly coupled multiphysics modelling must be carried out that includes mechanics-based phenomena. In this perspective article, we provide an introduction to chemomechanical modelling, the various physical problems that it addresses, and the issues that need to be resolved in order to expand its use within the field of battery technology.
Graph convolutional multi-mesh autoencoder for steady transonic aircraft aerodynamics
Authors: Massegur David , Da Ronch Andrea 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Calculating aerodynamic loads around an aircraft using computational fluid dynamics is a user’s and computer-intensive task. An attractive alternative is to leverage neural networks (NNs) bypassing the need of solving the governing fluid equations at all flight conditions of interest. NNs have the ability to infer highly nonlinear predictions if a reference dataset is available. This work presents a geometric deep learning based multi-mesh autoencoder framework for steady-state transonic aerodynamics. The framework builds on graph NNs which are designed for irregular and unstructured spatial discretisations, embedded in a multi-resolution algorithm for dimensionality reduction. The test case is for the NASA common research model wing/body aircraft configuration. Thorough studies are presented discussing the model predictions in terms of vector fields, pressure and shear-stress coefficients, and scalar fields, total force and moment coefficients, for a range of nonlinear conditions involving shock waves and flow separation. We note that the cost of the model prediction is minimal having used an existing database.
Conversing
Authors: Sullivan Ceri 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Given the doctrine of faith alone, discussion with God soon shrivels solely into petitions, granted or denied. This would normally be an embarrassing situation: both speaker and addressee can lose face if no agreement is reached. This chapter points out the comedy of manners produced when Herbert’s exquisite conversational tact when nudging God for a response meets God’s blunt rebuttal. Herbert speaks in the sociable way recommended by the period’s courtesy manuals; God speaks in the rebarbative way modelled by godly Protestant dialogues of the period. The former approach has been noted by Herbert scholars; the latter has not, although it provides much of the comedy of the poems. This chapter draws on the detailed linguistic strategies revealed by the manuals and the dialogues, to show how Herbert’s God puts Herbert’s speaker into place, not vice versa, in poems such as ‘Dialogue’, ‘Artillerie’, and ‘The Holdfast’.
Working to a Conclusion
Authors: Sullivan Ceri 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
If work is seen as an affective rather than instrumental activity, there is less danger of falling into the heresy of supererogation. Sidling around the dour advice of Calvinism about the source of good works, practical divinity and secular occupational manuals provide techniques for nudging oneself into working enthusiastically. Their enjoyment of such emotional labour makes it clearer why, although Herbert dismisses the ‘worky-daies’ as ‘the back-part’ where ‘the burden of the week’ lies, ‘Making the whole to stoup and bow’ (‘Sunday’), he is at his happiest when busiest. In poems such as ‘Submission’, ‘Affliction’ 1, ‘Employment’ 1, and ‘The Thanksgiving’, Herbert sounds irritated as much as anxious when kept idle, as he repeatedly tries to nudge God to choose to work through him.
The metaphysical self
Authors: Schechtman Marya 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This chapter considers metaphysical questions about the nature of the self and about what is required for its identity over time. These issues are explored through reflection on the question of whether a self can change bodies or exist disembodied. The chapter looks at discussions of this possibility found in the history of philosophy, contemporary metaphysics, religion, mysticism, and popular culture. It explores in detail two important views of the self that have followed from these discussions: one that it is an immaterial substance, or soul, and the other that it is not a substance at all, but a locus of conscious self-experience. Arguments for and against each view are described and evaluated. There is also discussion of different versions of the argument that there are no selves and that our sense of self is a mere illusion.
Waxing and waning selves
Authors: Schechtman Marya 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Many philosophical discussions of the self focus on typical mature human selves, conceived as cognitively complex beings with self-consciousness, reflective capacities, and moral agency. Human infants do not yet have these capacities, many humans lose at least some of them late in life, and some never develop them at all. Most sentient nonhuman animals also lack these capacities. This chapter considers the selfhood of sentient beings without the capacities of mature human selves, including human infants, dementia patients, humans with cognitive disabilities, and nonhuman animals. It offers an overview of major theories of human psychological development, highlighting the standard developmental milestones for the transition of human infants into mature selves, noting that narrative accounts of human development, though different from narrative approaches to the true self, represent an important point of overlap between questions of basic self-development and development of the true self discussed in Chapter 2. The question of the selfhood of sentient beings without the cognitive sophistication of mature human selves is considered. This involves discussion of a potential distinction between the concepts of person and self. The idea of a minimal self, a bare subject of experience which is the same in all sentient beings, is introduced and discussed in detail, and questions are raised about its identity conditions. The issues discussed here raise important ethical questions, which are noted and considered throughout the chapter.
Dostoevsky’s dramatic life and writing
Authors: Martinsen Deborah 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This chapter provides an overview of the life story and written works of Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky. Unlike his wealthy contemporaries, Dostoevsky lived exclusively by his pen as novelist and journalist. The events, forces, and ideologies he addressed in his journalistic writing served as fodder for his fiction. Years in prison and exile deepened Dostoevsky’s understanding of the division between educated and uneducated Russians, nobility and peasantry, which is evident from his semi-autobiographical work Notes from the Dead House. Dead House, based on the writer’s experiences in hard-labour prison, describes brief moments of rapprochement amid the violence and chaos of the convict community. Dostoevsky’s journalism includes statements of his views on Russian nationalism and pan-Slavic unity. His writing was always relevant and never uncontroversial in his time, and remains so today.
Space, social justice, and scandal
Authors: Martinsen Deborah 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This chapter focuses on Dostoevsky’s perspective on space, social justice, and scandal. It analyses Petersburg, as the setting of Crime and Punishment, expanding outward to demonstrate that scandal can occur anywhere. Moreover, Crime and Punishment showcases how poverty makes families and individuals vulnerable in myriad ways. The chapter cites how Dostoevsky uses shame dynamics to implicate readers in the ethical action of his texts, demonstrating that scandal scenes exposed socio-economic inequities. It also explains Dostoevsky’s treatment of the provinces as microcosms of Russia, which have many of the same problems as the capital city, themselves infused by the same dominant dynamics of shame.
Eternal questions
Authors: Martinsen Deborah 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This chapter discusses how Dostoevsky’s The Brothers Karamazov wrestled with the eternal questions by tackling the issue of Christ. Dostoevsky understands the philosophical implications of human actions, but he dramatizes them with characters and images rather than theorizing about them. The Brothers Karamazov features the themes of forgiveness and children’s suffering while also showcasing the paradox at the heart of Christianity. Dostoevsky tackles the eternal questions of good and evil and the existence of God and lays out his Christological poetics in concrete ways. Dostoevsky sees the salvation of the world through the universal love and forgiveness that Christ preached.
Morules and β-catenin predict POLE mutation status in endometrial cancer: A pathway to more cost-effective diagnostic procedures
Authors: Fan Rujia , Lin Wanrun , Zhao Ruijiao , Li Li , Xin Rui , Zhang Yunfeng , Liu Yuxin , Ma Ying , Wang Yiying , Wang Yue , Zheng Wenxin 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Objectives
The characterization of DNA polymerase epsilon (POLE) mutations has transformed the classification of endometrial endometrioid carcinomas (EECs), highlighting the need for efficient identification methods. This study aims to examine the relationship between distinct morphologic features—namely, squamous morules and squamous differentiation (SD), as well as β-catenin expression—and the POLE mutation status in endometrial cancer (EC).

Methods
Our study included 35 POLE-mutated (POLEmut) EC cases and 395 non-POLEmut EEC cases.

Results
Notably, we observed no presence of morules in POLEmut cases, while SD was identified in 20% of instances. Conversely, morules and SD were identified in 12.7% and 26.1% of non-POLEmut EC cases, respectively, with morules consistently linked to a POLE wild-type status. The nuclear β-catenin expression is typically absent in tumors with wild-type POLE (wt-POLE) status.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that the presence of either morules or nuclear β-catenin expression in EEC could practically rule out the presence of POLE mutations. These morphologic and immunohistochemical features can be used as preliminary screening tools for POLE mutations, offering significant savings in time and resources and potentially enhancing clinical decision-making and patient management strategies. However, further validation in larger, multi-institutional studies is required to fully understand the implications of these findings on clinical practice.
Quality indicators in surgical oncology: systematic review of measures used to compare quality across hospitals
Authors: McLeod Megan , Leung Kari , Pramesh C S , Kingham Peter , Mutebi Miriam , Torode Julie , Ilbawi Andre , Chakowa Jade , Sullivan Richard , Aggarwal Ajay 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
Measurement and reporting of quality indicators at the hospital level has been shown to improve outcomes and support patient choice. Although there are many studies validating individual quality indicators, there has been no systematic approach to understanding what quality indicators exist for surgical oncology and no standardization for their use. The aim of this study was to review quality indicators used to assess variation in quality in surgical oncology care across hospitals or regions. It also sought to describe the aims of these studies and what, if any, feedback was offered to the analysed groups.

Methods
A literature search was performed to identify studies published between 1 January 2000 and 23 October 2023 that applied surgical quality indicators to detect variation in cancer care at the hospital or regional level.

Results
A total of 89 studies assessed 91 unique quality indicators that fell into the following Donabedian domains: process indicators (58; 64%); outcome indicators (26; 29%); structure indicators (6; 7%); and structure and outcome indicators (1; 1%). Purposes of evaluating variation included: identifying outliers (43; 48%); comparing centres with a benchmark (14; 16%); and supplying evidence of practice variation (29; 33%). Only 23 studies (26%) reported providing the results of their analyses back to those supplying data.

Conclusion
Comparisons of quality in surgical oncology within and among hospitals and regions have been undertaken in high-income countries. Quality indicators tended to be process measures and reporting focused on identifying outlying hospitals. Few studies offered feedback to data suppliers.
High-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation promotes ipsilesional functional hyperemia and motor recovery in mice with ischemic stroke
Authors: Liu Li , Ding Ming , Wu Junfa , Zhang Yuwen , Wang Qianfeng , Wang Nianhong , Luo Lu , Yu Kewei , Fan Yunhui , Zhang Jingjun , Wu Yi , Xiao Xiao , Zhang Qun 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Neurovascular decoupling plays a significant role in dysfunction following an ischemic stroke. This study aimed to explore the effect of low- and high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on neurovascular remodeling after ischemic stroke. To achieve this goal, we compared functional hyperemia, cerebral blood flow regulatory factors, and neurochemical transmitters in the peri-infract cortex 21 days after a photothrombotic stroke. Our findings revealed that low- and high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation increased the real-time cerebral blood flow in healthy mice and improved neurobehavioral outcomes after stroke. Furthermore, high-frequency (5-Hz) repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation revealed stronger functional hyperemia recovery and increased the levels of post-synaptic density 95, neuronal nitric oxide synthase, phosphorylated-endothelial nitric oxide synthase, and vascular endothelial growth factor in the peri-infract cortex compared with low-frequency (1-Hz) repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation. The magnetic resonance spectroscopy data showed that low- and high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation reduced neuronal injury and maintained excitation/inhibition balance. However, 5-Hz repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation showed more significant regulation of excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters after stroke than 1-Hz repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation. These results indicated that high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation could more effectively promote neurovascular remodeling after stroke, and specific repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation frequencies might be used to selectively regulate the neurovascular unit.
Point-of-Care Testing for Hepatitis C in the Priority Settings of Mental Health, Prisons, and Drug and Alcohol Facilities—the PROMPt Study
Authors: McCartney Erin M , Ralton Lucy , Dawe Joshua , Richmond Jacqui , Zobel Joshua , Wigg Alan , Cock Victoria , Tse Edmund Y , Rees Tom , Shaw David , Ferguson Catherine 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
A barrier to hepatitis C virus (HCV) cure is conventional testing. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of HCV antibody and RNA point-of-care testing (POCT) on testing rates, linkage to care, treatment, and acceptability of testing in 3 priority settings in Australia.

Methods
Participants were enrolled in an interventional cohort study at a reception prison, inpatient mental health service, and inpatient alcohol and other drug unit, between October 2020 and December 2021. HCV POCT was performed using SD Bioline HCV antibody fingerstick test and a reflexive Xpert HCV Viral Load Fingerstick test using capillary blood samples. A retrospective audit of HCV testing and treatment data was performed at each site for the preceding 12-month period to generate a historical control.

Results
A total of 1549 participants received a HCV antibody test with 17% (264 of 1549) receiving a positive result, of whom 21% (55 of 264) tested HCV RNA positive. Across all settings the rate of testing per year significantly increased between the historical controls and the study intervention period by 2.57 fold (rate ratio, 2.57 [95% confidence interval, 2.32–2.85]) for HCV antibody testing and 1.62 (rate ratio, 1.62 [95% confidence interval, 1.31–2.01]) for RNA testing. Treatment uptake was higher during the POCT intervention (86% [47 of 55]; P = .01) compared to the historical controls (61% [27 of 44]).

Conclusions
This study demonstrated across 3 settings that the use of HCV antibody and RNA POCT increased testing rates, treatment uptake, and linkage to care. The testing model was highly acceptable for most participants.

Clinical Trials Registration
ACTRN-12621001578897
Leveraging large language models to foster equity in healthcare
Authors: Rodriguez Jorge A , Alsentzer Emily , Bates David W 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Large language models (LLMs) are poised to change care delivery, but their impact on health equity is unclear. While marginalized populations have been historically excluded from early technology developments, LLMs present an opportunity to change our approach to developing, evaluating, and implementing new technologies. In this perspective, we describe the role of LLMs in supporting health equity.

Materials and Methods
We apply the National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (NIMHD) research framework to explore the use of LLMs for health equity.

Results
We present opportunities for how LLMs can improve health equity across individual, family and organizational, community, and population health. We describe emerging concerns including biased data, limited technology diffusion, and privacy. Finally, we highlight recommendations focused on prompt engineering, retrieval augmentation, digital inclusion, transparency, and bias mitigation.

Conclusion
The potential of LLMs to support health equity depends on making health equity a focus from the start.
Diving into CDC pregnancy data in the United States: longitudinal study and interactive application
Authors: Clark-Sevilla Andrea O , Lin Yun C , Saxena Arnav , Yan Qi , Wapner Ronald , Raja Anita , Pe’er Itsik , Salleb-Aouissi Ansaf 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Objective
Preterm birth (PTB) is a major determinant of neonatal mortality, morbidity, and childhood disability. In this article, we present a longitudinal analysis of the risk factors associated with PTB and how they have varied over the years: starting from 1968 when the CDC first started, reporting the natality data, up until 2021. Along with this article, we are also releasing an RShiny web application that will allow for easy consumption of this voluminous dataset by the research community. Further, we hope this tool can aid clinicians in the understanding and prevention of PTB.

Materials and Methods
This study used the CDC Natality data from 1968 to 2021 to analyze trends in PTB outcomes across the lens of various features, including race, maternal age, education, and interval length between pregnancies. Our interactive RShiny web application, CDC NatView, allows users to explore interactions between maternal risk factors and maternal morbidity conditions and the aforementioned features.

Results
Our study demonstrates how CDC data can be leveraged to conduct a longitudinal analysis of natality trends in the United States. Our key findings reveal an upward trend in late PTBs, which is concerning. Moreover, a significant disparity exists between African American and White populations in terms of PTB. These disparities persist in other areas, such as education, body-mass index, and access to prenatal care later in pregnancy.

Discussion
Another notable finding is the increase in maternal age over time. Additionally, we confirm that short interpregnancy intervals (IPIs) are a risk factor for PTBs. To facilitate the exploration of pregnancy risk factors, infections, and maternal morbidity, we developed an open-source RShiny tool called CDC NatView. This software offers a user-friendly interface to interact with and visualize the CDC natality data, which constitutes an invaluable resource.

Conclusion
In conclusion, our study has shed light on the rise of late PTBs and the persistent disparities in PTB rates between African American and White populations in the US. The increase in maternal age and the confirmation of a short IPI as a risk factor for PTB are noteworthy findings. Our open-source tool, CDC NatView, can be a valuable resource for further exploration of the CDC natality data to enhance our understanding of pregnancy risk factors and the interaction of PTB outcomes and maternal morbidities.
Titanium induces proinflammatory and tissue-destructive responses in primary human macrophages
Authors: Gudima Alexandru , Hesselbarth David , Li Guanhao , Riabov Vladimir , Michel Julia , Liu Quan , Schmuttermaier Christina , Jiao Zhen , Sticht Carsten , Jawhar Ahmed , Obertacke Udo , Klüter Harald , Vrana Nihal Engin , Kzhyshkowska Julia 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Implants and medical devices are efficient and practical therapeutic solutions for a multitude of pathologies. Titanium and titanium alloys are used in orthopedics, dentistry, and cardiology. Despite very good mechanical properties and corrosion resistance, titanium implants can fail due to inflammatory or tissue degradation–related complications. Macrophages are major immune cells that control acceptance of failure of the implant. In this study, for the first time, we have performed a systematic analysis of the response of differentially activated human macrophages, M(Control), M(IFNγ), and M(IL-4), to the polished and porous titanium surfaces in order to identify the detrimental effect of titanium leading to the tissue destruction and chronic inflammation. Transcriptome analysis revealed that the highest number of differences between titanium and control settings are found in M(IL-4) that model healing type of macrophages. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis confirmed that both polished and porous titanium affected expression of cytokines, chitinases/chitinase-like proteins, and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Titanium-induced release and activation of MMP7 by macrophages was enhanced by fibroblasts in both juxtacrine and paracrine cell interaction models. Production of titanium-induced MMPs and cytokines associated with chronic inflammation was independent of the presence of Staphylococcus aureus. MMP7, one of the most pronounced tissue-destroying factors, and chitinase-like protein YKL-40 were expressed in CD68+ macrophages in peri-implant tissues of patients with orthopedic implants. In summary, we demonstrated that titanium induces proinflammatory and tissue-destructing responses mainly in healing macrophages, and the detrimental effects of titanium surfaces on implant-adjacent macrophages are independent on the bacterial contamination.