bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE EFFECT OF PREDNISONE ON THE THYROID FUNCTION WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE IN VITRO UPTAKE BY ERYTHROCYTES OF L-TRIIODOTHYRONINE LABELED WITH 131I
Authors: Friis Thorkild , Reinicke Vagn 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
In order to study the effect of steroids on the function of the thyroid gland, the uptake by erythrocytes of l-triiodothyronine labeled with 131I was investigated in 29 euthyroid patients treated with prednisone. At the same time the thyroid function was studied by determinations of the serum PBI, the thyroid 131I-uptake and the thyroid hormone secretion rate. In addition some studies of the renal 131I-clearance were performed. Prednisone was found to increase the erythrocyte uptake of the thyroid hormone triiodothyronine in two-thirds of the patients investigated probably as a result of decreased binding capacity of the serum proteins. Simultaneously, the function of the thyroid gland was found to decrease, according to the thyroid 131I-uptake and the thyroid hormone secretion rate.
A slightly increased renal 131I-clearance was found during the steroid treatment. This increase cannot completely explain the decreased thyroid 131I-uptake
The relation between the decreased function of the thyroid gland and the increased uptake of triiodothyronine in erythrocytes during steroid treatment is discussed.
ÜBER DIE ANTAGONISTISCHE WIRKUNG VON TRIJODTHYRONIN UND PROGESTERON AUF DEN PREDNISOLONEFFEKT AM EPIPHYSENKNORPEL (PRÜFUNG DER REISSFESTIGKEIT)
Authors: Ther L. , Schramm H. , Vogel G. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Longitudinal tension exerted on a killed rat's femur results always in rupture on the same place viz: the distal epiphyseal line. The power required to produce this effect can be measured with a simple dynamometer. The tensile strength increases with advancing age and during exsiccation (thirst). In untreated rats (weight range 100–120 g) this value amounts to about 1.5–1.8 kg.
Tensile strength of the femoral epiphyseal line may be influenced by hormones. Corticosteroids such as prednisolone acetate and cortisol acetate increase the level of maximal load to more than 2.0 kg. In general the effect of a single injection reaches a climax after 48 hours. Dose-response-curves can be established and relative effectiveness may be gathered therefrom. Deoxycorticosterone acetate likewise increases tensile strength in spite of the fact that contrary to prednisolone exhibiting diuretic action this compound has a water retaining effect.
Triiodothyronine and progesterone when given alone produce a slight decrease in tensile strength. The effect of prednisolone when given simultaneously with one of these two compounds is antagonized: this phenomenon is more pronounced in the case of triiodothyronine.
CHROMATOGRAPHIC SEPARATION OF 17-KETOSTEROIDS OBTAINED FROM SOME 17-HYDROXYCORTICOSTEROIDS BY THE NORYMBERSKI AND THE APPLEBY METHODS
Authors: Pesonen S. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
14 pure 17-OH-corticoids were treated according to the methods of Norymberski and Appleby. The 17-KS obtained as products of oxidation, or of reduction and oxidation, followed by acid hydrolysis, were fractionated into five fractions by column chromatography. Some of the 17-KS obtained were identified by infrared spectrography.
Both methods gave almost identical products from those steroids from which theoretically 11-deoxy-17-KS should be formed. Of the total amount of 17-KS formed, over 90 per cent consisted of 11-deoxy components as expected, and less than 10 per cent of 11-oxy components.
The results obtained with the steroids which should yield 11-oxy components varied greatly according to the method of treatment. While 70.0 per cent of the components obtained with sodium bismutate treatment were 11-oxy-17-KS, reduction with sodium borohydride and oxidation with sodium bismutate gave only 20.6 per cent of 17-KS of the same group. Reduction and oxidation was also observed elsewhere than in the side chain of the molecule. Over 65 per cent of the 17-KS formed was androstanolone.
The same phenomena were seen in two 11-dehydro compounds. Oxidation with sodium bismutate gave 11-deoxy components to an extent of 97.9 per cent of the total amount of 17-KS, and after reduction and oxidation to an extent of 60.6 per cent.
GONADOTROPHINS OF PITUITARY ORIGIN IN THE URINE OF SHEEP AFTER CASTRATION AND OVARIECTOMY
Authors: Robertson H. A. , MacGillivray A. J. , Hutchinson J. S. M. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Gonadotrophic activity has been detected in the urine of castrate male and ovariectomized female sheep. The kaolin-acetone methods of Loraine & Brown (1956) and of Albert et al. (1958) were used for extracting the gonadotrophic activity. The total gonadotrophic activity of the preparations was determined by the mouse uterine weight assay. Although the two extraction methods appeared to be equally efficient, that of Albert et al. was found to produce preparations of higher specific activity and this procedure was adopted for further investigations.
The level of activity in the urine of the ovariectomized ewe and of the castrate ram was found to be considerably lower than that found in the urine of post-menopausal or ovariectomized women.
LINEAR GROWTH, SULPHATION FACTOR ACTIVITY AND CHROMOSOME CONSTITUTION IN 22 SUBJECTS WITH TURNER'S SYNDROME
Authors: Almqvist Sven , Lindsten Jan , Lindvall Nils 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Linear growth, sulphation factor (SF) activity and chromosome constitution were studied in 22 subjects with Turner's syndrome.
Linear growth rate was retarded, and the final body height decreased. SF activity was decreased in one, normal in nine and increased in 12 patients, and the mean serum SF activity was increased in all age groups studied.
Six different sex chromosome constitutions were observed, three with mosaicism.
No obvious relationships were found in our patients between linear growth rate and SF activity, on the one hand, and chromosome constitution on the other. It is tentatively suggested that the pituitary growth hormone in Turner's syndrome does not stimulate growth in the usual manner.
INFLUENCE OF ADRENAL STEROIDS ON RADIO-CALCIUM METABOLISM IN YOUNG BEAGLE DOGS
Authors: Collins Elliott J. , Carpenter O. S. , Baker V. F. 
Published: December 2008

The influence of 9α-fluoro,16α-methylprednisolone, 6α-fluoroprednisolone, and 6α-methylprednisolone on 47Ca utilization was studied in young beagle dogs. The major effect of steroid therapy, with each dog as his own control, is to increase 47Ca eliminated in the faeces and urine.
Based on mean treated/control ratios 9α-fluoro,16α-methylprednisolone causes 2.5 to 10 times more inhibition of utilization of radio-calcium than equivalent doses of 6α-fluoroprednisolone or 6α-methylprednisolone.
TAIL GROWTH IN THE THYROXINE-TREATED HYPOPHYSECTOMIZED RAT AS A SENSITIVE CRITERION FOR GROWTH HORMONE ACTIVITY
Authors: de Groot C. A. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Tail measurements were performed on hypophysectomized rats sensitized to growth hormone by simultaneous treatment with thyroxine; three weeks of daily injections suffice to differentiate the standard (continuous) thyroxine growth from the additional growth caused by growth hormone. It was found necessary to select the rats according to tail length.
RENAL FUNCTION FOLLOWING HYPOPHYSECTOMY IN MAN
Authors: Falkheden Thomas 
Published: December 2008

Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and renal plasma flow (RPF), as measured by clearances of inulin and para-aminohippuric acid, were studied before and after hypophysectomy in 23 patients (nine cases of metastatic mammary carcinoma, nine cases of diabetes mellitus with retinopathy, and five cases of acromegaly). In 12 of the patients, the maximal rate of tubular excretion of para-aminohippuric acid (TmPAH) was also studied. All subjects developed evidence of depressed adrenocortical function after hypophysectomy and were on replacement therapy with cortisone (17,21-dihydroxy-pregn-4-ene-3,11,20-trione) at the time of the postoperative studies. In four cases, postoperative hypothyroidism was not demonstrated.
In all patients, GFR and RPF decreased after hypophysectomy and this reduction was present within four to eight weeks after surgery, when the first postoperative study was usually performed. In additional studies, at different intervals after hypophysectomy there were, on the whole, only minor further changes in GFR and RPF.
Thyroid therapy increased GFR and RPF in the hypophysectomized patients but did not raise the values to the preoperative level.
Following hypophysectomy TmPAH decreased in nine of the 12 patients studied. Thyroid therapy did not regularly increase the Tm values.
MAMMOGENIC EFFECTS OF METHANDROSTENOLONE IN CASTRATED RATS
Authors: Ahrén K. , Arvill A. , Hjalmarson Ä. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Methandrostenolone (17β-hydroxy-17α-methyl-androsta-1,4-dien-3-one) was injected in 4 dose-levels (0.05, 0.5, 2.5 and 5.0 mg daily for 28 days) into castrated male rats, and the response of the mammary glands, the seminal vesicles and the levator ani muscle studied. One dose-level (2.5 mg daily for 28 days) was injected into castrated female rats, and the response of the mammary glands, the vagina and the uterus studied. The main results were as follows:
The 0.05 mg dose did not stimulate the seminal vesicles but produced a slight weight increase of the levator ani muscle. The 0.5 mg dose had only a minimal effect on the seminal vesicles but had a much more pronounced effect on the levator ani muscle. The 2 higher doses, however, markedly stimulated both the seminal vesicles and the levator ani muscle. In the mammary glands methandrostenolone produced not only lobule-alveolar development, as do most other androgens, but in addition induced growth and development of the mammary duct system, as found with oestrogenic compounds. The lobule-alveolar development, found after treatment with the various dose-levels of methandrostenolone, quantitatively, more closely followed the growth of the levator ani muscle than the development of the seminal vesicles. In the castrated female rats methandrostenolone stimulated vaginal opening, brought about slight cornification of the vaginal epithelium and caused a marked weight increase of the uterus. These effects cannot be explained solely on the basis of the androgenic activity of this compound, but seem to indicate that methandrostenolone has an oestrogenic activity when injected into castrated rats.
A FERTILE PATIENT WITH KLINEFELTER'S SYNDROME
Authors: Warburg Erik 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Investigations have shown a marked likelihood that a patient with Klinefelter's syndrome is the father of a son, and it is not unlikely that he is also the father of another, now deceased, son.
Owing to the relatively common finding of positive sex chromatin in male infants and the striking paucity of cases showing Klinefelter's syndrome, the present case is presumably not excessively rare.
SEPARATION AND CHARACTERISATION OF Δ4-3-KETOSTEROIDS OF THE PREGNANE-SERIES BY MEANS OF THIN-LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY
Authors: Lisboa B. P. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A method is described for the separation and characterisation of thirty-two Δ4-3-ketosteroids of the pregnane-series. The method involves thinlayer chromatography on Silica Gel G of the various steroids and of various derivatives thereof, followed by seven in situ colour reactions. Data are presented on the reproducibility of the method.
AUTORADIOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION STUDIES WITH NATURAL OESTROGENS
Authors: Ullberg Sven , Bengtsson Gösta 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The distribution of labelled oestrogens, 14C-oestrone and 3H-oestradiol, has been investigated autoradiographically in mice.
A selective accumulation has been observed in the adrenal cortex, the granulosa layer of large ovarian follicles and in the endometrium. These sites are believed to be target areas of the oestrogens. The activity in the uterine glands seems to be located mainly in the nuclei.
A fairly high concentration was also found in the central nervous system. The foetuses of pregnant mice showed a higher concentration of radioactive substance than the mother.
The target sites during the whole course showed a slightly higher concentration of activity than most tissues but did not show any appreciable specific retention of the accumulated activity. A gradual increase of activity in liver and intestine probably due to excretion could be observed.
ETUDE BIOCHIMIQUE DE LIQUIDES EXTRAITS DE NODULES THYROIDIENS HYPERFONCTIONNELS
Authors: Etling N. , Vallée G. , Lumbroso P. , Netter A. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
After the administration of 131I (test or therapeutic doses), some hyperfunctional thyroid nodules were punctured with a needle, and the fluid extracted was studied by radiochromatography and radioelectrophoresis; when there was sufficient radioactivity, a plasma study was performed on the same day.
The main component of the plasma is thyroxine, bound to proteins sometimes and occasionally there is also a small amount of organic iodine firmly bound to proteins.
The fluid constitution is different according to the evolution of the disease. When the functional activity is high, thyroxine is the principal constituent; there are also minute amounts of iodotyrosines bound to the proteins.
When the functional activity is lower, the fluid contains organic iodine compounds the proportion of which, after enzymatic hydrolysis and electrophoretic migration, are similar to those of thyroglobulin.
After the therapeutic action of radioiodine and the disappearance of hyperthyroidism, the iodotyrosines become free in the fluid, with spontaneous hydrolysis.
Thus, the biochemical constitution of the fluid seems to reflect the clinical evolution of the disease.
STUDIES ON THE GROWTH AND HORMONE PRODUCTION OF RAT HYPOPHYSIS IN TISSUE CULTURE
Authors: Kullander Stig 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The anterior lobe of the pituitary gland of the rat was studied in tissue culture. Oestrone, progesterone and androsterone did not have any effect on the growth.
On the other hand, oestrogen-induced pituitary tumours in tissue culture grew more quickly in medium containing oestrone or androsterone.
The anterior pituitary gland produced prolactin in vitro.
THE PRECISION OF THE OVARIAN ASCORBIC ACID DEPLETION TEST FOR LUTEINIZING HORMONE
Authors: Larsen Jørgen Falck , Hamburger Christian 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Various modifications of the Parlow test for luteinizing hormone (ovarian ascorbic acid depletion in rats) were tried. Human chorionic gonadotrophin was used instead of hypophyseal luteinizing hormone. The precision of the method was found to be so low, however, that the test could not be used for routine clinical analysis. The low precision found in this and other laboratories is thought to be due to the strains of rats used.
THE SITE OF PRODUCTION OF OESTROGENIC HORMONES IN HUMAN PREGNANCY. II.
Authors: Frandsen V. Aasted , Stakemann Georg 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Spayed female mice were injected with human foetal adrenal and placental tissue from foetuses delivered by hysterotomy in cases of legal abortions. Vaginal smears were inspected daily for signs of oestrogenic activity.
Oestrous smears were never encountered when either adrenal or placental tissue was injected, but when both tissues were injected together, the mice most often went into oestrus.
From these results it is assumed that the oestrogens of human pregnancy are produced neither by the placenta nor by the foetal adrenal alone, but by a complex procedure involving both tissues. It is thought most likely that the foetal adrenals produce a steroid precursor which is metabolized into oestrogens by the placenta and excreted as such in the urine of the mother. Attempts to identify this precursor have so far failed.
OESTRIOL METABOLISM IN THE HUMAN FOETO-PLACENTAL UNIT
Authors: Mikhail G. , Wiqvist N. , Diczfalusy E. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
At laparotomy 1 to 2 μc amounts of oestriol-16-14C were injected into the umbilical vein of 3 foetuses and the foeto-placental unit was left in situ with an intact circulation for a few minutes prior to the removal of the products of conception.
More than 90 per cent of the radioactivity present in the various foetal tissues consisted of oestriol-3-sulphate. In addition, a small amount of oestriol-16(17?)-glucosiduronate was identified in extracts of foetal liver. In contrast to the pattern found in foetal tissues, the bulk of radioactivity in the placenta and membranes was present as unconjugated oestriol.
In two cases at laparotomy the placenta was disconnected from the foetus and was perfused in situ with 0.4 μc of oestriol-16-14C-3-sulphate. More than 80 per cent of the radioactivity present in the placenta was identified as unconjugated oestriol.
The results indicate that oestriol-3-sulphate formed by the foetus becomes hydrolyzed to a significant extent by the placenta.
THE PROLACTIN PRODUCTION AND RELEASE OF A PITUITARY GRAFT AND OF THE HYPOPHYSIS IN SITU
Authors: Wolthuis O. L. , de Jongh S. E. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
In order to compare the prolactin function of a pituitary graft with that of a hypophysis in situ, an attempt was made to make the two groups of experimental animals used comparable with respect to their gonadotrophin and steroid levels. This was done:
by autotransplantation of the ovaries into the spleen or by ovariectomy; by supplying excess amounts of exogenous gonadotrophins.
It was found that prolactin effects produced by hypophyseal grafts were far greater than those brought about by hypophyses in situ.
If small amounts of oestrogens accidentally escaped from the portal circulation, these effects were enhanced both in the grafted animals and in those with the hypophyses in situ.
Assays of serum and hypophyseal material of ovariectomized and hypophysectomized rats bearing a hypophyseal graft under the kidney capsule showed that the prolactin content of the graft is lower and the prolactin content of the serum higher when compared to material from ovariectomized sham-operated controls.
From these results it is concluded that:
The hypothalamus inhibits the prolactin function of the hypophysis in situ. Hypothalamic inhibitory mechanisms affect prolactin release more than prolactin production. Oestrogens enhance prolactin production in the hypophysis, presumably mainly by a direct action on the pituitary gland.
CONJUGATED OESTROGENS. I
Authors: Kushinsky Stanley , Tang Jane (Wu) 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A convenient and mild procedure is described in this paper whereby free and conjugated oestrogens may be extracted from urine. The extracts containing approximately 90 per cent of the oestrogens are devoid of most of the extraneous material and may be reduced in volume to less than 1/15 of that of the urine. The procedure consists of the following steps: (1) a 10 per cent (v/v) solution of a high molecular weight secondary amine (Amberlite LA-2, Rohm and Haas) in ethyl acetate is washed with formic acid and water, (2) the oestrogens in urine (acidified to pH 2 or 3 with H2SO4) are extracted with the LA-2 solution, (3) the oestrogen fraction is back-extracted from the organic solution with dilute aqueous ammonia.
ANABOLIC, ANDROGENIC AND MYOTROPIC ACTIVITIES OF DERIVATIVES OF 7α-METHYL-19-NORTESTOSTERONE
Authors: Lyster Stanley C. , Duncan Gordon W. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Anabolic, myotropic and androgenic properties of a series of 7α=methyl-19-nortestosterone derivatives were compared using quantitative monkey anabolic and rat myotropic/androgenic assays.
7α-Methyl-19-nortestosterone acetate was found to be 6.5 times as potent an androgen as testosterone propionate, and 23 times as potent as a myotropic agent when parenterally administered. The cyclopentylpropionate ester, also more potent than testosterone propionate, possessed depot anabolic and androgenic activity. By oral administration, 7α,17α-dimethyl-19-nortestosterone was 14 times as potent as fluoxymesterone as an anabolic agent in monkeys and possessed a monkey anabolic/rat androgenic ratio of 7 : 1 relative to fluoxymesterone. The free alcohol parent of this series also had high oral activity and possessed a favorable anabolic/androgenic ratio.
VERGLEICHENDE UNTERSUCHUNGEN ZUR BIOGENESE VON STEROIDHORMONEN BEI DURCHSTRÖMUNG ÜBERLEBENDER NEBENNIEREN EINER PATIENTIN MIT CUSHING- UND EINER PATIENTIN MIT CONN-SYNDROM
Authors: Schriefers H. , Bayer J. M. , Pittel M. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
In vitro perfusion experiments were carried out with adrenal glands surgically removed from a patient with Cushing's syndrome (hyperplasia of the adrenal cortex) and a patient with Conn's syndrome (adrenal cortical adenoma).
From the perfusates the following steroids were extracted, estimated and identified: cortisol, corticosterone, 11β-hydroxyandrostenedione, cortisone and aldosterone.
The secretion capacities of the right Cushing adrenal and of the adrenal gland bearing the adenoma were compared with each other. In both adrenals cortisol was the main secretion product and the secretion rates of aldosterone were lowest and practically equal.
The Cushing adrenal differed from the adrenal gland with the adenoma in its higher secretion rate of all investigated steroids except aldosterone, in its higher cortisol/aldosterone ratio and in its response to the administration of ACTH. To this stimulus the aldosterone production of the Cushing adrenal reacted in the same rate as the cortisol release.
The adrenal gland with the adenoma of the patient with Conn's syndrome had only a relatively higher aldosterone secretion rate in respect to its lower cortisol production (lower cortisol/aldosterone ratio). The total preparation consisting of the adrenal with the adenoma responded neither to ACTH nor to hypertensin. The missing response of the adrenal cortex not including the tumor to ACTH is explained by the structural change in the sense of the so called regressive transformation (small zona fasciculata with relative large zona glomerulosa and reticularis) which was found in our case.
Dehydroepiandrosterone was demonstrable in none of the perfusate extracts even under the condition where the left adrenal of the Cushing patient was perfused with added 17α-hydroxy-pregnenolone.
ACTION DU PROPYL-THIOURACILE DONNÉ À LA RATTE GESTANTE SUR LES PARATHYROÏDES ET SUR LA CALCÉMIE DES FOETUS. REMARQUES SUR LA PHYSIOLOGIE DES PARATHYROÏDES
Authors: Jost A. , Pic P. , Maniey J. , Legrand C. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Giving propyl-thiouracil to pregnant rats during the 5 days preceding term (50 mg per day), results in the following effects in the foetuses:
increase of foetal calcaemia without concomitant change in maternal calcaemia; increase of the »average cellular surface« and of the diameter of the nuclei of the parathyroid cells; decrease of the growth of the parathyroid glands which results at term in a smaller volume of these glands as compared with control foetuses.
The significance of these changes is discussed. They seem to correspond to an endocrine hyperfunctioning of the foetal parathyroids. Hypercalcaemia was also observed in rat foetuses in which thyroid functioning was depressed by partial decapitation (hypophysectomy).