bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Drinking water supplementation with ascorbate is not protective against UVR‐B‐induced cataract in the guinea pig
Authors: Mody Vino C. , Kakar Manoj , Elfving Åse , Löfgren Stefan 
Published: October 2007

Abstract.Purpose:  To study if ascorbate supplementation decreases ultraviolet radiation (UVR)‐induced cataract development in the guinea pig.Methods:  Sixty 6–9‐week‐old pigmented guinea pigs received drinking water supplemented with or without 5.5 mm l‐ascorbate for 4 weeks. After supplementation, 40 animals were exposed unilaterally in vivo under anaesthesia to 80 kJ/m2 UVR‐B. One day later, the animals were killed and lenses were extracted. Degree of cataract was quantified by measurement of intensity of forward lens light scattering. Lens ascorbate concentration was determined with high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with UVR detection at 254 nm. Twenty animals were used as non‐exposed control.Results:  Supplementation increased lens ascorbate concentration significantly. In UVR‐exposed animals, mean 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for animal‐averaged lens ascorbate concentration (μmol/g wet weight lens) were 0.54 ± 0.07 (no ascorbate) and 0.83 ± 0.05 (5.5 mm ascorbate). In non‐exposed control animals, mean 95% CIs for animal‐averaged lens ascorbate concentration (μmol/g wet weight lens) were 0.72 ± 0.12 (0 mm ascorbate) and 0.90 ± 0.15 (5.5 mm ascorbate). All non‐exposed lenses were devoid of cataract. Superficial anterior cataract developed in all UVR‐exposed lenses. The lens light scattering was 39.2 ± 14.1 milli transformed equivalent diazepam concentration (m(tEDC)) without and 35.9 ± 14.0 m(tEDC) with ascorbate supplementation.Conclusion:  Superficial anterior cataract develops in lenses exposed to UVR‐B. Ascorbate supplementation is non‐toxic to both UVR‐B‐exposed lenses and non‐exposed control lenses. Ascorbate supplementation does not reduce in vivo lens forward light scattering secondary to UVR‐B exposure in the guinea pig.
Five‐year follow‐up during antipsychotic treatment: efficacy, safety, functional and social outcome
Authors: Lindström E. , Eberhard J. , Levander S. 
Published: October 2007

Objective:  Explore the long‐term course of schizophrenia and related disorders.Method:  Naturalistic study of 225 patients initially treated with risperidone (monotherapy or in combination with other psychotropic drugs) over 5 years.Results:  Stable symptomatology and side effects were observed. Clinician GAF scores were 55–61, but patients’ self‐ratings were higher. Clinician and patient CGI scores were at the same level. Annual in‐patient days decreased but days in sheltered accommodations increased still more. Only 12% of the patients studied or worked full‐time. One in four had no social contacts except with staff. Eight patients died during the 5 years.Conclusion:  The findings underline the chronicity and seriousness of psychotic disorders in terms of social outcome and, indirectly, the low quality of life of this group of persons. Patients were generally well aware of their illness and able to sort out symptoms from drug side effects. This opens for more active involvement of patients in monitoring their own treatment.
Nicotine use and its correlates in patients with psychosis
Authors: Levander S. , Eberhard J. , Lindström E. 
Published: October 2007

Objective:  To examine nicotine use and its correlates among psychotic patients.Method:  Longitudinal naturalistic study of 176 patients, diagnosed with schizophrenia or schizophrenia‐related psychotic disorders, and treated with risperidone at study entry. Levels of nicotine use (smoking, snuffing) were measured along with other relevant ratings and measurements (symptoms, drug treatment, side effects, weight, cognitive functions and outcome) at baseline and once yearly for 5 years.Results:  Nicotine use was twice as common as in the general population. Only few nicotine users had started after onset of psychoses. We could not find any differences among nicotine users and non‐users in diagnosis, symptoms, side effects, weight, cognitive functions, personality and outcome, cross‐sectionally and longitudinally, ruling against the ‘self‐medication’ hypothesis.Conclusion:  A parsimonious interpretation of the findings is that patients suffering from psychosis fail to desist from nicotine rather than experience significant positive effects of the usage.
Speech adaptation after treatment of full edentulism through immediate‐loaded implant protocols
Authors: Molly Liene , Nackaerts Olivia , Vandewiele Katrien , Manders Eric , Van Steenberghe Daniel , Jacobs Reinhilde 
Published: October 2007

AbstractObjectives: The objective of the present study was to evaluate the influence of immediate loading of implants on speech adaptation.Material and methods: Ten patients (mean age 54, 6 females) were examined before surgery and 1, 3, 6 and 12 months afterwards. Articulation analysis was done using objective DAT‐recoded data evaluated by two groups of speech and language therapists and a computer software program. Besides, patient VAS‐scores, myofunctional problems and hearing impairment were recorded and analysed.Results: In the present study only one patient suffered from deteriorated speech after immediate loading. Other patients showed unaffected or improved articulation 3 to 6 months after surgery with a strident and interdental pronunciation mostly becoming addental. Furthermore, myofunctional problems occurred in one patient, other patients adapted to the new situation after three months. Hearing impairment did not influence speech pathology in this study.Conclusion: Immediate loading of oral implants does not seem to compromise the normal 3–6 months speech adaptation period. Whether such procedure presents advantages to the conventional 2‐stage rehabilitation remains to be investigated.
Polylactide and polyglycolide sponge used in human extraction sockets: bone formation following 3 months after its application
Authors: Serino Giovanni , Rao Walter , Iezzi Giovanna , Piattelli Adriano 
Published: October 2007

AbstractObjectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate (i) the degree of bone mineralization in the alveolar sockets 3 months following the use of a bio‐absorbable graft material and (ii) the degree of resorption of the grafted material.Materials: Twenty patients, undergoing periodontal therapy, participated in this study. All patients were scheduled for extraction of one or more compromised monoradicular teeth and scheduled for replacement of the extracted teeth with dental implants.Methods: Following elevation of full‐thickness flaps and extraction of teeth, the alveolar sockets were filled with a bioabsorbable polylactide–polyglycolide acid sponge (Fisiograft®) (Test group – T) or natural healing by clot formation was allowed (Control group – C). The flaps were sutured with no attempt to achieve primary closure of the surgical wound. Re‐entry for implant surgery was performed 3 months following the extractions.Results: Fifteen biopsies (seven T and nine C) were harvested from the sites where the implants were placed. The biopsies harvested from the T sites revealed that the alveolar sockets healed with newly trabecular bone, highly mineralized and well structured. Particles of the grafted material could not be identified in any of the T biopsies. The bone formed in the C sites was also well structured, with a slightly minor percentage of mineralized bone. In both T and C biopsies, the apical portion presented a higher degree of mineralization compared with the coronal portion.Conclusions: The results of this study indicated that the use of a bio‐absorbable synthetic sponge of polylactide–polyglycolide acid did not interfere with the formation of new bone in the alveolar sockets and that the characteristics of the 3‐month newly formed bone seemed to be optimal for dental implants' insertion. The biocompatibility, safety and characteristics of Fisiograft® suggest that the material is suitable for filling alveolar sockets following extractions, to prevent volume reduction and collapse of the overlying soft tissue flaps.
Comparative histomorphometry and resonance frequency analysis of implants with moderately rough surfaces in a loaded animal model
Authors: Al‐Nawas B. , Groetz K. A. , Goetz H. , Duschner H. , Wagner W. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractObjectives: Test of favourable conditions for osseointegration with respect to optimum bone–implant contact (BIC) in a loaded animal model. The varied parameters were surface roughness and surface topography of commercially available dental implants.Method: Thirty‐two implants of six types of macro and microstructure were included in the study (total 196). The different types were: minimally rough control: Branemark machined Mk III; oxidized surface: TiUnite MkIII and MkIV; ZL Ticer; blasted and etched surface: Straumann SLA; rough control: titanium plasma sprayed (TPS). Sixteen beagle dogs were implanted with the whole set of the above implants. After a healing period of 8 weeks, implants were loaded for 3 months. For the evaluation of the BIC areas, adequately sectioned biopsies were visualized by subsurface scans with confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM).Results: The primary statistical analysis testing BIC of the moderately rough implants (mean 56.1±13.0%) vs. the minimally rough and the rough controls (mean 53.9±11.2%) does not reveal a significant difference (P=0.57). Mean values of 50–70% BIC were found for all implant types. Moderately rough oxidized implants show a median BIC, which is 8% higher than their minimally rough turned counterpart. The intraindividual difference between the TPS and the blasted and etched counterparts revealed no significant difference. The turned and the oxidized implants show median values of the resonance frequency [implant stability quotients (ISQ)] over 60; the nonself‐tapping blasted and etched and TPS implants show median values below 60.Discussion: In conclusion, the benefit of rough surfaces relative to minimally rough ones in this loaded animal model was confirmed histologically. The comparison of different surface treatment modalities revealed no significant differences between the modern moderately rough surfaces. Resonance frequency analysis seems to be influenced in a major part by the transducer used, thus prohibiting the comparison of different implant systems.
Dental biofilm, gingivitis and interleukin‐1 adjacent to approximal sites of a bonded ceramic
Authors: Konradsson Katarina , Claesson Rolf , Van Dijken Jon W. V. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractAim: The aim of this study was to investigate in vivo the influence of aged, resin‐bonded, ceramic restorations on approximal dental biofilm formation and gingival inflammatory response, associated with and without customary oral hygiene.Material and Methods: In a cross‐sectional and in a 10‐day experimental gingivitis study, Quigley–Hein plaque index, gingival index (GI), crevicular fluid and its levels of interleukin (IL)‐1α, ‐1β and receptor antagonist were measured at appoximal surfaces of leucite‐reinforced bonded ceramic coverages, resin composite restorations and enamel and compared intra‐individually in 17 participants.Results: No differences were found between the ceramic, composite and enamel regarding plaque index, GI, levels of IL‐1α, ‐1β and the receptor antagonist. Throughout, higher crevicular fluid amounts were observed at ceramic sites compared with the enamel (p<0.05). In the experimental gingivitis, plaque index, GI, crevicular fluid and its IL‐1α levels increased significantly.Conclusion: The need for optimal oral hygiene and professional preventive oral health care does not seem to be reduced with regard to approximal surfaces of aged, resin‐bonded, leucite‐reinforced ceramic restorations in comparison with those of a hybrid, resin composite and enamel.
Exploring the contributions of components of caries risk assessment guidelines
Authors: Bader James D. , Perrin Nancy A. , Maupomé Gerardo , Rush William A. , Rindal Brad D. 
Published: October 2007

Abstract –  Objective:  To examine the relative contribution of current caries activity, past caries experience, and dentists’ subjective assessment of caries risk classifications.Methods:  Administrative data from two dental plans were analyzed to determine dentists’ risk classification, as well as current caries activity and previous caries experience at the time of the classification. The performance of these predictors in identifying patients who would experience subsequent caries was then modeled using logistic regression.Results:  In both plans, current caries activity alone had relatively low sensitivity and high specificity in identifying patients who would experience subsequent caries. Sensitivity improved, but at the cost of specificity when previous caries experience was included in the models. Further improvement in sensitivity accrued when dentists’ subjective assessment was included, but performance was different in the two plans in terms of false‐positives.Conclusions:  Consideration of previous caries experience tends to strengthen the predictive power of caries risk assessments. Dentists’ subjective assessments also tend to improve sensitivity, but overall accuracy may suffer.
Dynamics of satisfaction with dental appearance among dentate adults: 24‐month incidence
Authors: Meng Xiaoxian , Gilbert Gregg H. , Litaker Mark S. 
Published: October 2007

Abstract –  Introduction:  Dental appearance comprises an important aspect of oral health and oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL). However, no study has investigated the dynamics of satisfaction with dental appearance and other aspects of oral health using a longitudinal study design. The current study aimed to: (i) quantify longitudinal patterns of change in satisfaction with dental appearance, and (ii) identify the dynamic relationships between the changes in satisfaction with dental appearance and other dimensions of oral health (oral disease/tissue damage and oral disadvantage), taking sociodemographic factors into account.Methods:  Data were taken from the Florida Dental Care Study (FDCS), a population‐based longitudinal cohort study of oral health and OHRQoL. The sample included at baseline 873 subjects. Patterns of change in satisfaction with dental appearance during 24 months of follow‐up were quantified. The dynamic relationships between the changes in satisfaction with dental appearance and other dimensions of oral health were evaluated.Results:  During follow‐up, 19–22% of the subjects were dissatisfied with dental appearance, depending on the time point of the interview. Onset of a certain oral health problem/condition or constantly having the problem/condition was associated with a lower likelihood of satisfaction improvement and a higher likelihood of deterioration. In comparison, recovery from a certain oral health problem/condition or not having the problem/condition was associated with a higher likelihood of improvement and a lower likelihood of deterioration.Conclusion:  Change in satisfaction with dental appearance was substantially influenced by the dynamic changes in other aspects of oral health.
‘Nuclear grooves’ in nodular hidradenoma: frequency and significance of an unrecognized histopatological feature
Authors: Khurshid Amna , Yaqoob Nausheen , Devan Hafeez A. , Pervez Shahid 
Published: October 2007

Background:  Nodular hidradenoma is a distinctive sweat gland neoplasm. In addition to the well‐known histological and cytological features, we hereby describe for the first time nuclear grooving as a useful morphological feature to aid in its diagnosis.Methods:  All cases were analyzed for anatomic location, size, age, sex and histology, with attention focused mainly on the nuclear features. A semiquantitative method was used to estimate the percentage of nuclear grooves in five consecutive high‐power fields (×40), with confirmation on ×100. Electron microscopy was also performed to confirm light microscopic observation.Results:  Totally, 34 cases of nodular hidradenoma were studied. All the tumors showed two types of cells. One type of cell contained clear cytoplasm with small, round nuclei. The second type of cell, which was the predominant type, had elongated nuclei. In 30 (88%) of the 34 cases, about 30% of these cells at ×40 and ×100 magnification showed nuclear grooving. Electron microscopy on these samples confirmed nuclear grooves.Conclusions:  In this study, we reviewed 34 cases of nodular hidradenoma. In addition to the classical features, both histologically and cytologically, we describe for the first time the nuclear grooves as a frequent finding in these neoplasms. This finding was also confirmed by electron microscopy. We believe that this newly described histological feature will aid the practicing pathologist to make this important diagnosis.
Crevicular fluid endothelin‐1 levels in periodontal health and disease
Authors: Pradeep A. R. , Guruprasad C. N. , Swati P. , Shikha C. 
Published: October 2007

Background and Objective:  Endothelin‐1 is a 21‐amino‐acid peptide with multifunctional regulation. Initial research indicated that endothelin‐1 levels in the gingival crevicular fluid from patients with chronic periodontitis were higher than those in the gingival crevicular fluid from healthy subjects. The aim of the present study was to assess the relationship between the clinical parameters and the concentrations of endothelin‐1 within the gingival crevicular fluid from inflamed gingiva and periodontitis sites and, subsequently, after the treatment of periodontitis sites.Material and Methods:  A total of 60 subjects were divided into three groups – healthy (group I), gingivitis (group II) and chronic periodontitis (group III) – based on gingival index, pocket probing depth and clinical attachment loss. A fourth group consisted of 20 subjects from group III, 6–8 wk after treatment (i.e. scaling and root planing). Gingival crevicular fluid samples collected from each patient were quantified for endothelin‐1 using an enzymatic immunometric assay.Results:  Endothelin‐1 was not detected in any sample from any of the study groups.Conclusion:  The results showed that all the gingival crevicular fluid samples were negative for the endothelin‐1 molecule. Therefore, endothelin‐1 cannot be considered as a potential biomarker of periodontal disease progression.
Non‐invasive monitoring of oxidative skin stress by ultraweak photon emission (UPE)‐measurement. I: mechanisms of UPE of biological materials
Authors: Khabiri Faryar , Hagens Ralf , Smuda Christoph , Soltau Andreas , Schreiner Volker , Wenck Horst , Wittern Klaus‐Peter , Duchstein Hans‐Jürgen , Mei Weiping 
Published: October 2007

Background/purpose: Oxidation of proteins and amino acids is associated with generation of ultraweak photon emission (UPE), which may be used to assess oxidative processes in the skin in a non‐invasive way. This first part of a series of reports addresses the physicochemical basis of oxidation‐induced UPE in the skin, with a special focus on the contribution of amino acid oxidation.Methods: UPE of biological samples and protein/amino acid solutions following oxidation with H2O2 in the presence of Fe2+ was recorded using a sensitive photomultiplier system. Signals were analyzed with regard to overall signal intensity and spectral distribution.Results: Increasing concentrations of H2O2 in aqueous bovine serum albumin solutions induced linearly correlated UPE and protein carbonyl compounds, with a substantially higher sensitivity for the measurement of UPE. In single amino acid solutions, strong UPE signals were generated by oxidation from Phe, Trp, His, and Cys, and weak signals from Lys and Thr. Analysis of reaction products by MS revealed high oxidative material turnover for Cys and His, whereas barely detectable oxidative material turnover seems to be sufficient to generate a UPE signal of similar strength from Trp and Phe. Combination of different amino acids did not result in a simple addition of individual oxidation‐induced UPE signals, but in interactions ranging from antagonism to clear synergism. Synergism was evident between Trp‐ and UPE‐generating amino acids such as Thr, Cys, and His, with the strongest synergism by far observed between Trp and His. The strikingly different individual UPE spectra of His and Trp, despite being of comparable overall strength, were congruent with a pure Trp UPE spectrum after combining His with Trp in solution, indicating energy transfer between both amino acids. Combination of Trp and DNA, which also gives UPE signals following oxidation, did not result in a synergistically enhanced or antagonized overall UPE signal, but in a simple addition of individual UPE signals.Conclusion: Measurement of UPE could be proven to be a highly sensitive method to assess oxidative processes in biological molecules. The reported data indicate that UPE generated by oxidation stressed skin is mainly due to non‐fluorescent photon emission via Trp, whereby Trp acts as an energy receptor from other excited species of oxidation‐modified amino acids.
Retinoic acid metabolism blocking agents (RAMBAs): a new paradigm in the treatment of hyperkeratotic disorders
Authors: Verfaille Christel J. , Borgers Marcel , Van Steensel Maurice A. M. 
Published: October 2007

SummarySynthetic vitamin A derivatives, retinoids,have long been the mainstay of treatment for several disorders of keratinization, notably the ichthyoses and severe acne. Some forms of psoriasis also respond well. Their considerable power comes at a price.They have dose‐limiting side effects and can be highly teratogenic, limiting their use in women of childbearing age.Thus, retinoids are used less often than their potential would warrant. However, the recent development of compounds that block the catabolism of endogenous vitamin A, called Retinioic Acid Metabolism Blocking Agents or RAMBAs, offers new possibilities. With these drugs, retinoid effects with less side effects and a reduction of the post‐treatment teratogenicity period due to their favourable pharmacokinetic profile might be expected. In this review, we discuss how retinoids work, how they are metabolized and how RAMBAs influence this process.We also review the presently available data from clinical trials with RAMBAs.
Collpas: Activity Hotspots for Frugivorous Bats (Phyllostomidae) in the Peruvian Amazon
Authors: Bravo Adriana , Harms Kyle E. , Stevens Richard D. , Emmons Louise H. 
Published: October 2007

ABSTRACTIn the SE Peruvian Amazon, large numbers of frugivorous bats regularly visit natural forest clearings known locally as collpas (which are also referred to as clay licks or mineral licks). Bats arrive at collpas to drink water that has accumulated in depressions created by larger geophagous mammals that consume exposed soil. Although collpa visitation is common, little is known about its causes and its ecological implications for the bat community. We compared patterns of use of collpas and non‐collpa forest sites by bats in SE Peru. We mist netted bats at collpas and non‐collpa sites during the dry season and compared abundance, species richness, species composition, sex ratio, and reproductive condition. More species were captured at collpas than at non‐collpa sites, and collpas were visited almost exclusively by frugivores. Overall, bat‐capture frequency and combined frugivorous bat‐capture frequency were higher at collpas than at non‐collpa sites, although some species of frugivorous bats were captured more frequently at non‐collpa sites than at collpas (e.g., Carollia spp.). Irrespective of capture site, more female bats were pregnant or lactating than not, but there was a distinct female sex bias in bats that visited collpas: 70 percent of bats captured at collpas were female, whereas 44 percent of bats captured away from collpas were female. These patterns suggest that collpas may provide important resources for frugivorous bats in SE Peru, just as they are thought to provide important resources to the vertebrates that consume collpa soils. Accordingly, collpas are important conservation targets in the region.