bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Response criteria for the prostate of the USA national prostatic cancer project
Authors: Murphy G. P. , Slack N. H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractResponse criteria developed by the National Prostatic Cancer Project to evaluate chemotherapy for advanced disease and as an adjuvant in early disease are described. Subjective and objective procedures and tests are used to compare pre‐and post‐treatment disease activity in advanced disease. These patients enter trials in demonstrated progression; hence stabilization of activity was considered a category of objective response. Other response categories include the rare complete response and less rare partial regression, with progression for non‐responders. In adjuvant studies response indicators are the incidence of recurring disease and length of disease‐free‐interval.
Solid‐phase immunofluorescent and immunoadsorbent assays of serum prostatic acid phosphatase
Authors: Lee C. L. , Wang M. C. , Killian C. S. , Slack N. H. , Murphy G. P. , Chu T. M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractHuman prostatic acid phosphatase was purified to homogeneity from malignant prostatic tissue by Tween 80 extraction and 40‐75% ammonium sulfate precipitation, followed by Con A‐Sepharose, DEAE‐cellulose, and gel filtration chromatography. A specific antiserum was raised by immunizing female goats or rabbits with the purified enzyme. This antiserum did not cross‐react with the acid phosphatase of other human tissues. Two immunochemical methods, a solid‐phase fluorescent immunoassay and a solid‐phase immunoadsorbent assay, were developed. The IgG antibody fraction from antiprostatic acid phosphatase was conjugated to CNBr‐activated Sepharose 4B, which was then used in the two immunoassays to separate serum prostatic acid phosphatase from other acid phosphatases or serum proteins. The enzyme activity was subsequently measured by incubating the solid‐phase bound prostatic acid phosphatase with α‐naphthyl phosphate and quantitating the fluorescent product with a spectrophotofluorometer (immunofluorometric assay) or quantitating the α‐naphthol‐FRBS colored complex with a spectrophotometer (immunoadsorbent assay). The sensitivity of this immunofluorometric assay was 60 pg/ml, more sensitive than other immunoassays. The results obtained from clinical evaluation indicate that serum prostatic acid phosphatase in prostate cancer can be detected in significant percentage with early stages of prostatic cancer. The sensitivity of the immunoadsorbent assay was 0.22 IU/l of enzyme activity or 0.88 ng of prostatic acid phosphatase protein per ml serum. Initial clinical evaluation demonstrated that 19 of 25 patients with early stages of prostate cancer and 12 of 14 patients with metastatic prostate cancer exhibited an elevated serum PAP level (over all 79%), as compared with only six and eight patients respectively (overall 35%), by a conventional chemical method.
Counterimmunoelectrophoretic studies of serum prostatic acid phosphatase
Authors: Romas Nicholas A. , Hsu Konrad C. , Ng Po Ying , Pitts Melvin , Tomashefsky Philip , Tannenbaum Myron 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA counterimmunoelectrophoretic (CIEP) assay for the specific determination of prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) is described. PAP was obtained from benign human prostatic tissue and a specific antiserum to this enzyme was produced in rabbits and goats. The lowest detectable activity of PAP was at 0.3 IU/l or 4 ng./0.1 ml. This CIEP method was compared to a standard biochemical method (Roy) on a wide spectrum of prostatic and nonprostatic disease. Nonprostatic malignancies and other disorders associated with hyperacidphosphatasemia by the biochemical method were found to be nonreactive for PAP by CIEP. Patients under treatment with various stages of prostatic carcinoma showed comparable elevations by both methods (35%). In untreated patients, the CIEP was statistically most sensitive in stage A (39% by CIEP and 14% by chemical).
The surface character of separated prostatic cells and cultured fibroblasts of prostatic tissue as determined by concanavalin‐A hemadsorption
Authors: Oishi K. , Romijn J. C. , Schroeder F. H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractCon A‐coated human type O red blood cells (indicator RBC) were used for ConA reactivity assay of separated epithelial cells and cultured fibroblasts of human prostatic tissue. The epithelial cells of carcinoma showed higher reactivity than those of normal tissue or hyperplastic tissue.Although both cultured fibroblasts of PC and BPH are considered to be non‐malignant, it is clearly demonstrated that the PC fibroblasts have a malignant surface character in terms of ConA reactivity, whereas the BPH fibroblasts have a quite low ConA reactivity.ConA‐mediated HAD appeared to be a useful tool to distinguish malignant epithelial cells of human prostate from non‐malignant ones. It still remains unknown whether the alteration of PC fibroblasts is the cause or the result of carcinogenic transformation of prostatic tissue.
Nitroimidazoles in the canine prostate, vagina, and urethra
Authors: Nielsen Ole S. , Frimodt‐Møller Niels , Maigaard Svend , Madsen Paul O. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractDiffusion of metronidazole and tinidazole in canine prostatic secretion was studied and compared to the diffusion of metronidazole into the canine vagina. This particular comparison was made because prostatic secretion represents an acidic environment in contrast to the canine vagina which has a basic pH.Metronidazole reached significantly higher concentrations in the prostatic secretion (PS) than in plasma (P). No differences were found in the concentrations of tinidazole in P and PS. Plasma and prostatic interstitial fluid (PIF) concentrations of both drugs showed no differences either. However, the PS/P and PIF/P ratios of metronidazole were significantly higher than the corresponding ratios of tinidazole. Metronidazole concentrations in the canine vagina and urethra were significantly lower than the plasma concentrations, possibly because of the basic pH environment. These findings suggest a possible advantage in using metronidazole over tinidazole in aerobic and Trichomonas vaginalis prostatitis and vaginitis in acidic environments. However, clinical studies comparing the two drugs should be carried out in order to establish if this is of clinical importance.
Creatine kinase BB and other markers of prostatic carcinoma
Authors: Silverman Lawrence M. , Chapman John F. , Jones Marcie E. , Dermer Gerald B. , Pullano Thaddeus , Tökes Zoltȧn A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractCreatine kinase BB has been described to be elevated in the serum of patients with prostate cancer. The incidence of abnormal serum levels correlates with the degree of differentiation of the tumor; that is, the more poorly differentiated tumors are associated most frequently with elevated CK‐BB levels. We have recently described two additional findings which involve CK‐BB in prostate cancer: 1) the finding of abnormally migrating CK‐BB bands reported to be IgG‐CK‐BB complexes in several Stage D patients and in 2/3 Stage B patients following 125I implants, and 2) significant differences between CK‐BB purified from prostatic fluid from CK‐BB of brain origin. In particular, we find two bands of prostatic CK‐BB following purification as compared to a single band from brain, when the same purification protocol is used. While further characterization of these differences is proceeding, the two bands of CK‐BB are being used to develop a prostate‐specific antiserum for use in immunoassays to detect prostate cancer in conjunction with other traditional markers such as prostatic acid phosphatase. If serum detection of tumor markers is to be efficacious, tumor marker panels such as CK‐BB and prostatic acid phosphatase may provide a significant advantage over individual markers.
Leukocyte migration inhibition assay in patients with prostate adenocarcinoma
Authors: Wright George L. , Schellhammer Paul F. , Faulconer Robert J. , Reid James W. , Brassil Diane N. , Sieg Susan M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe leukocyte migration inhibition (LMI) assay was used to determine the cell‐mediated immune reactivity of prostate cancer patients to putative tumor antigens present in potassium chloride extracts of surgically removed prostate tumor tissue. Using an extract prepared from prostate tumor tissue, inhibition of leukocyte migration was found more frequently in prostate tumor patients (61%) than in patients with benign prostate hyperplasia (37%), patients with nonprostate cancers (26%), or normal donors (10%). Control extracts prepared from normal prostate tissue, benign prostate hyperplasia tissue, and unrelated tumor tissue were statistically less reactive in the LMI assay than the prostate tumor extract when reacted against leukocytes from prostate tumor patients. These results suggest that the LMI assay might be potentially useful for measuring the tumor‐directed, cell‐mediated immune responses in patients with prostate cancer.
Metioprim‐sulphadiazine distribution in the canine prostate
Authors: Iversen Peter , Nielsen Ole S. , Vergin Hartmut , Madsen Paul O. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractConstant infusion experiments with metioprim and sulphadiazine were performed in four anesthesized dogs to determine the drugs' concentrations in prostatic secretion, prostatic interstitial fluid, prostatic tissue, urine, and serum. Metioprim showed a specific affinity for the prostate gland, whereas sulphadiazine, as expected, demonstrated lower values in prostatic secretion and tissue than in serum. The prostatic secretion: serum and prostatic tissue:serum ratios using a high‐pressure liquid chromatography assay of metioprim were 7.3 and 4.0, respectively. Furthermore, metioprim showed 3.6 to 5.7 times higher concentrations in the organs of the urogenital system, liver, lung, and pancreas than in serum. We suggest that metioprim may be useful in the treatment of bacterial prostatitis, considering its spectrum of antibacterial activity and the data presented in this study.
Fluid imbibition as a factor in estrogen‐induced increase of prostatic weight in castrated rats
Authors: Corrales J. J. , Kadohama N. , Chai L. S. , Hoisaeter P. A. , Hampton M. T. , Murphy G. P. , Sandberg A. A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe mechanism by which estrogens inhibit castration atrophy has been investigated morphologically and biochemically utilizing ventral prostate from Copenhagen rats. The suppression of weight loss and gross edematous appearance of the prostate associated with the in vivo effect of 17β‐estradiol (E2) could not be accounted for by DNA and protein synthesis. Increase in the fluid content in the tissues was confirmed by demonstration of significant increase in the ratio of wet/dry tissue weights. Light microscopy demonstrated that the main effects were on the stroma, characterized by large inter‐glandular areas almost totally devoid of collagen resulting in an edematous appearance. Electron microscope studies showed an abundance of fluid localized adjacent to the capillary endothelium and some red blood cells indicating disturbances in capillary permeability. The combination of a prolactin secretion inhibiting agent with E2 partially prevented the fluid accumulation and weight increase produced by E2 alone, indicating an involvement of prolactin in the estrogen effect. Differences in blood prolactin concentration between strains of rats may influence the sensitivity of the prostate to estrogens.
Hormonal control of accessory sex organ fibromuscular stroma
Authors: Mariotti Angelo , Mawhinney Michael 
Published: February 2007

AbstractUsing the surgically separated epithelium and muscle preparation of the guinea pig seminal vesicle, quantitative determinations were made of the hormonal sensitivities of three components of male accessory sex organ fibromuscular stroma. The parameters measured were epithelial collagen, muscle tissue cell number, and muscle tissue collagen.Epithelial collagen increased approximately tenfold between one week of age and adulthood. This growth was completely prevented by castration and was sustained at normal levels by maintenance of prepubertal castrates with dihydrotestosterone (DHT). Castration of adult animals reduced epithelial collagen 40%; such reductions were prevented by DHT treatment. Estrogen treatment of adult castrates, either alone or in combination with DHT, had no anabolic effect on the epithelium. In all of these studies, changes in epithelial collagen correlated with changes in epithelial wet weight, DNA content, and RNA/DNA.From 1 week of age to adulthood, growth of seminal vesicle muscle involved marked increases in wet weight, DNA content, RNA/DNA, and collagen content. Increments in all parameters were prevented by prepubertal castration and were sustained at normal levels in castrates by DHT treatment. However, in adult animals, muscle DNA content and collagen levels were insensitive to castration and androgen replacement; only tissue weight and cell size (RNA/DNA) were androgen sensitive. Estrogen treatment of adult castrates caused supranormal increases in muscle DNA and collagen; changes in collagen were irreversible. The effects of simultaneous treatment of DHT and estrogen did not differ from those of DHT alone.Therefore, normal postnatal development of the stromal components, epithelial collagen, muscle cells, and muscle collagen was androgen dependent, but in adult animals, only epithelial collagen retained androgenic sensitivity. Estrogen induced supranormal and irreversible growths in the muscle.
On the presence of prostatic secretion protein in rat seminal fluid
Authors: Borgström Eric , Pousette Åke , Björk Per , Högberg Bertil , Carlström Kjell , Sundelin Birgitta , Gustafsson Jan‐Åke 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe copulating plug collected from the tip of the penis from rats immediately after decapitation contains a protein very similar and probably identical to PSP (prostatic secretion protein); this protein has earlier been purified from rat prostatic cytosol and characterized. The protein present in the copulating plug interacts with [3H]estramustine and binds to the antibody raised against rat PSP. The concentration of the protein in the copulating plug is 400 ng/mg of total protein, when measured using the radio immunoassay technique developed earlier for measurement of PSP in rat prostate. The [3H]estramustine–protein complex formed in a preparation of the copulating plug has an apparent molecular weight of about 50,000 and a sedimentation coefficient of about 3S when analyzed using sucrose density gradient centrifugation. The complex was retained on Concanavallin‐A Sepharose indicating that the protein is a glycoprotein. Binding of the complex was also observed on hydroxylapatite and DEAE‐Sephadex columns, from which it ws eluted at 0.18 M KC1. Light microscope autoradiograms of rat sperms incubated with 125I‐labeled PSP indicated that PSP is bound to all parts of the sperms. A macromolecule interacting with the PSP‐antibodies is also present in human seminal fluid but at a concentration considerably lower than in rat seminal fluid. The present study shows that a macromolecule probably identical to prostatic secretion protein is present in the copulating plug from the rat. The biological role of this protein in normal male fertility is discussed.
Acute therapy with megestrol acetate decreases nuclear and cytosol androgen receptors in human BPH tissue
Authors: Geller Jack , Albert Jerry , Geller Suzanne 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis study measures the effect of megestrol acetate (Megace), a progestational antiandrogen, on nuclear and cytosol receptor concentrations in human BPH prostates. Prostatic tissue was obtained at surgery from both untreated patients with BPH and patients pretreated for three to eleven days with 120 to 160 mg of Megace daily; tissues were homogenized and separated into cytosol and crude nuclear fractions. Cytosol and salt extractable nuclear fractions were subjected to saturation analysis with 3H R1881 over the range of 0.5 to 10 nmoles in exchange reactions for 20 hours at 15°C.Cytosol receptor concentration decreased significantly from 32.7 to 8.7 femtomoles per mg protein (P <0.05); nuclear receptor also was significantly reduced from 317 to 43.8 femtomoles (fmole) per mg DNA (P < .001). Plasma testosterone also decreased significantly from 3.65 to 1.01 ng/ml in Megace‐treated patients. These effects of Megace on receptor concentration appear to be qualitatively quite different from those reported following castration in animals or following high‐dose estrogen therapy in humans. The mechanism of action of Megace in decreasing both cytosol and nuclear androgen receptor concentrations is unknown. It is possible that decrease in receptor concentration is secondary to either the progestational or antiandrogenic effects of Megace. These possibilities are currently under study.
Influence of pituitary and adrenocortical hormones on prostatic secretion protein, a major protein in rat prostate
Authors: Pousette Å. , Björk P. , Carlström K. , Forsgren B. , Högberg B. , Gustafsson J.‐Å. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractProstatic secretion protein (PSP) is an androgen‐sensitive, quantitatively important protein in rat ventral prostate which has been shown to inhibit the nuclear uptake and decrease the DNA‐binding capacity of the androgen‐receptor complex. In the present study, the influence of the pituitary, adrenals, and gonads on the concentration of PSP in the prostate was studied. Hypophysectomy decreased the concentration of PSP to about 10% of the control level, an effect similar to that obtained by castration. No effects on prostatic wet weight or PSP concentration were observed following substitution of hypophysectomized rats with human growth hormone, rat prolactin, or rat growth hormone. On the other hand, PSP concentration as well as wet weight of the prostate were normalized in hypophysectomized rats after administration of testosterone propionate. These results are in line with a direct extrahypophyseal effect of androgens on the prostate. Adrenalectomy did not affect the concentration of PSP, nor the wet weight of the prostate. Administration of estramustine decreased the wet weight of the prostate but did not affect the prostatic concentration of PSP in normal rats. Combined treatment with testosterone propionate and estramustine seemed to increase both the wet weight and the concentration of PSP more than administration of testosterone propionate alone. These results indicate a synergistic effect between estramustine and testosterone propionate.
Effect of diethylstilbestrol and estramustine phosphate (estracyt®) on delayed hypersensitivity response to oxazolone in male mice
Authors: Haukaas Svein A. , Kalland Terje 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe effects of diethylstilbestrol (DES) and estramustine phosphate (EMP) on delayed hypersensitivity response (DTH) to oxazolone in male mice were investigated using a radioisotopic ear method. DES significantly inhibited the ability to express a DTH response and was most effective when given during the effector phase of the reaction. EMP had no effects when the animals were exposed to the drug during the effector phase, while it resulted in a strong and dose‐dependent depression of the DTH response when applied in the sensitization phase. Possible involvement of suppressor cells was investigated by pretreatment of animals with cyclophosphamide or by adoptive transfer of tentative suppressor cells from spleen, lymph nodes, or peritoneal cavity. However, no evidence of cellular or humoral suppressor factors induced by drug treatment was found.
Estramustine phosphate (estracyt®) treatment of T3–T4 prostatic carcinoma
Authors: Veronesi Andrea , Zattoni Filiberto , Frustaci Sergio , Galligioni Enzo , Tirelli Umberto , Trovó Gaetano , Tumolo Salvatore , Merlo Alberto , Artuso Giorgio , Cosciani‐Cunico Sergio , Grigoletto Eligio 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFrom September, 1978, to November, 1980, 69 consecutive patients with locally advanced (T3‐T4) prostatic adenocarcinoma, with or without distant metastases, were treated with oral estramustine phosphate. Dosage was 15 mg/kg/day for 2 months, followed by 5 mg/kg/day until progression. In the 48 evaluable patients with progressive disease at entry in the study, 1 complete response, 7 partial responses, 31 disease stabilizations, and 9 progressions were encountered (81.2% NPCP response rate). Karnofsky performance status equal to or less than 50 was predictive of poor response to estramustine phosphate.In the 10 evaluable patients with stabilized disease at entry in the study after orchiectomy, 2 complete responses, 4 partial responses, 3 disease stabilization, and 1 progression were noted.The major side effects observed were gynecomastia, nausea, and vomiting.
Isolation, characterization, and spontaneous interconversion of two forms of human prostatic acid phosphatase
Authors: McTigue John J. , Van Etten Robert L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractStarting with human prostatic acid phosphatase (HPAP) purified by affinity chromatography on Sepharose‐bound N‐(6‐aminohexyl)tartramic acid [Van Etten, R. L. and Saini, M. S. (1978) Clin. Chem. 24, 1525], two forms of the enzyme can be separated by gradient elution DEAE‐cellulose chromatography. The two enzyme forms are electrophoretically distinguishable on high pH gels. Under some conditions of storage one of these forms undergoes a conversion to the other. Both forms have identical amino acid compositions and Vmax values with typical substrates, but differences are observed in circular dichroism spectra, relative fluorescence intensities, Km values, and carbohydrate composition. It is concluded that the two forms differ only in the structure of their (nonphosphorylated) carbohydrate side chains. In view of the possible interconversion of the two forms upon storage, caution must be observed in any attempt to attach clinical significance to the relative amounts of the two forms.
Transurethral resection of the prostate for chronic bacterial prostatitis
Authors: Barnes Roger W. , Hadley Henry L. , O'Donoghue E. P. N. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractForty‐nine patients with chronic bacterial prostatitis causing symptoms and receiving routine accepted treatment for many months or years, without permanent relief, were treated by transurethral prostatic resection (TURP). The purpose of the surgery was to remove the gland down to the true capsule (radical TURP). The patients' own appraisal of the results, the absence of symptoms and of infection, indicate 67% had a good result when assessed 1 year following surgery; 21% were improved and 12% received no benefit. Transurethral resection is recommended in selected cases and when the surgeon is able to remove all of the glandular tissue without causing large perforations through the true capsule. Acceptable results have been achieved in two‐thirds of cases. There was no mortality and insignificant morbidity. Patients experiencing no benefit and those who were only improved but not cured were either poorly selected or infected prostatic tissue was not removed.
The type of current frequency used in transurethral resection of prostate (TURP) affects the androgen receptor
Authors: Albert Jerry , Geller Jack , Nachtsheim Daniel A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBlended Bovie current No. 2 destroys androgen receptor in both cytosol and nuclear extracts of prostate tissue. No significant difference was noted in either nuclear or cytosol receptor concentrations between openly resected and electroresected specimens when Bovie current No. 1 was used with cutting loops No. 26 or larger, although total androgen receptor (cytosol plus nuclear) was significantly reduced in the electroresected specimens. The androgen receptor method used is highly reliable for prostate obtained by either open resection or electroresection using pure cutting currents, although receptor concentrations in samples obtained by the two methods probably should not be combined or compared.