bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structural phase transition, s±-wave pairing, and magnetic stripe order in bilayered superconductor La3Ni2O7 under pressure
Authors: Zhang Yang , Lin Ling-Fang , Moreo Adriana , Maier Thomas A. , Dagotto Elbio 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMotivated by the recently discovered high-Tc superconductor La3Ni2O7, we comprehensively study this system using density functional theory and random phase approximation calculations. At low pressures, the Amam phase is stable, containing the Y2− mode distortion from the Fmmm phase, while the Fmmm phase is unstable. Because of small differences in enthalpy and a considerable Y2− mode amplitude, the two phases may coexist in the range between 10.6 and 14 GPa, beyond which the Fmmm phase dominates. In addition, the magnetic stripe-type spin order with wavevector (π, 0) was stable at the intermediate region. Pairing is induced in the s±-wave channel due to partial nesting between the M = (π, π) centered pockets and portions of the Fermi surface centered at the X = (π, 0) and Y = (0, π) points. This resembles results for iron-based superconductors but has a fundamental difference with iron pnictides and selenides. Moreover, our present efforts also suggest La3Ni2O7 is qualitatively different from infinite-layer nickelates and cuprate superconductors.
Targeted metagenomics reveals association between severity and pathogen co-detection in infants with respiratory syncytial virus
Authors: Lin Gu-Lung , Drysdale Simon B. , Snape Matthew D. , O’Connor Daniel , Brown Anthony , MacIntyre-Cockett George , Mellado-Gomez Esther , de Cesare Mariateresa , Ansari M. Azim , Bonsall David , Bray James E. , Jolley Keith A. , Bowden Rory , Aerssens Jeroen , Bont Louis , Openshaw Peter J. M. , Martinon-Torres Federico , Nair Harish , Golubchik Tanya , Pollard Andrew J. ,   RESCEU Consortium
Published: March 2024

AbstractRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of hospitalisation for respiratory infection in young children. RSV disease severity is known to be age-dependent and highest in young infants, but other correlates of severity, particularly the presence of additional respiratory pathogens, are less well understood. In this study, nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from two cohorts of RSV-positive infants <12 months in Spain, the UK, and the Netherlands during 2017–20. We show, using targeted metagenomic sequencing of >100 pathogens, including all common respiratory viruses and bacteria, from samples collected from 433 infants, that burden of additional viruses is common (111/433, 26%) but only modestly correlates with RSV disease severity. In contrast, there is strong evidence in both cohorts and across age groups that presence ofHaemophilusbacteria (194/433, 45%) is associated with higher severity, including much higher rates of hospitalisation (odds ratio 4.25, 95% CI 2.03–9.31). There is no evidence for association between higher severity and other detected bacteria, and no difference in severity between RSV genotypes. Our findings reveal the genomic diversity of additional pathogens during RSV infection in infants, and provide an evidence base for future causal investigations of the impact of co-infection on RSV disease severity.
2H-Thiopyran-2-thione sulfine, a compound for converting H2S to HSOH/H2S2 and increasing intracellular sulfane sulfur levels
Authors: Cui Qi , Shieh Meg , Pan Tony W. , Nishimura Akiyuki , Matsunaga Tetsuro , Kelly Shane S. , Xu Shi , Jung Minkyung , Ogata Seiryo , Morita Masanobu , Yoshitake Jun , Chen Xiaoyan , Robinson Jerome R. , Qian Wei-Jun , Nishida Motohiro , Akaike Takaaki , Xian Ming 
Published: March 2024

AbstractReactive sulfane sulfur species such as persulfides (RSSH) and H2S2 are important redox regulators and closely linked to H2S signaling. However, the study of these species is still challenging due to their instability, high reactivity, and the lack of suitable donors to produce them. Herein we report a unique compound, 2H-thiopyran-2-thione sulfine (TTS), which can specifically convert H2S to HSOH, and then to H2S2 in the presence of excess H2S. Meanwhile, the reaction product 2H-thiopyran-2-thione (TT) can be oxidized to reform TTS by biological oxidants. The reaction mechanism of TTS is studied experimentally and computationally. TTS can be conjugated to proteins to achieve specific delivery, and the combination of TTS and H2S leads to highly efficient protein persulfidation. When TTS is applied in conjunction with established H2S donors, the corresponding donors of H2S2 (or its equivalents) are obtained. Cell-based studies reveal that TTS can effectively increase intracellular sulfane sulfur levels and compensate for certain aspects of sulfide:quinone oxidoreductase (SQR) deficiency. These properties make TTS a conceptually new strategy for the design of donors of reactive sulfane sulfur species.
Controlled dissolution of a single ion from a salt interface
Authors: Han Huijun , Park Yunjae , Kim Yohan , Ding Feng , Shin Hyung-Joon 
Published: March 2024

AbstractInteractions between monatomic ions and water molecules are fundamental to understanding the hydration of complex polyatomic ions and ionic process. Among the simplest and well-established ion-related reactions is dissolution of salt in water, which is an endothermic process requiring an increase in entropy. Extensive efforts have been made to date; however, most studies at single-ion level have been limited to theoretical approaches. Here, we demonstrate the salt dissolution process by manipulating a single water molecule at an under-coordinated site of a sodium chloride film. Manipulation of molecule in a controlled manner enables us to understand ion–water interaction as well as dynamics of water molecules at NaCl interfaces, which are responsible for the selective dissolution of anions. The water dipole polarizes the anion in the NaCl ionic crystal, resulting in strong anion–water interaction and weakening of the ionic bonds. Our results provide insights into a simple but important elementary step of the single-ion chemistry, which may be useful in ion-related sciences and technologies.
Temporospatial hierarchy and allele-specific expression of zygotic genome activation revealed by distant interspecific urochordate hybrids
Authors: Wei Jiankai , Zhang Wei , Jiang An , Peng Hongzhe , Zhang Quanyong , Li Yuting , Bi Jianqing , Wang Linting , Liu Penghui , Wang Jing , Ge Yonghang , Zhang Liya , Yu Haiyan , Li Lei , Wang Shi , Leng Liang , Chen Kai , Dong Bo 
Published: March 2024

AbstractZygotic genome activation (ZGA) is a universal process in early embryogenesis of metazoan, when the quiescent zygotic nucleus initiates global transcription. However, the mechanisms related to massive genome activation and allele-specific expression (ASE) remain not well understood. Here, we develop hybrids from two deeply diverged (120 Mya) ascidian species to symmetrically document the dynamics of ZGA. We identify two coordinated ZGA waves represent early developmental and housekeeping gene reactivation, respectively. Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals that the major expression wave exhibits spatial heterogeneity and significantly correlates with cell fate. Moreover, allele-specific expression occurs in a species- rather than parent-related manner, demonstrating the divergence of cis-regulatory elements between the two species. These findings provide insights into ZGA in chordates.
Rapid evolution of an adaptive multicellular morphology of Candida auris during systemic infection
Authors: Bing Jian , Guan Zhangyue , Zheng Tianhong , Ennis Craig L. , Nobile Clarissa J. , Chen Changbin , Chu Haiqing , Huang Guanghua 
Published: March 2024

AbstractCandida auris has become a serious threat to public health. The mechanisms of how this fungal pathogen adapts to the mammalian host are poorly understood. Here we report the rapid evolution of an adaptive C. auris multicellular aggregative morphology in the murine host during systemic infection. C. auris aggregative cells accumulate in the brain and exhibit obvious advantages over the single-celled yeast-form cells during systemic infection. Genetic mutations, specifically de novo point mutations in genes associated with cell division or budding processes, underlie the rapid evolution of this aggregative phenotype. Most mutated C. auris genes are associated with the regulation of cell wall integrity, cytokinesis, cytoskeletal properties, and cellular polarization. Moreover, the multicellular aggregates are notably more recalcitrant to the host antimicrobial peptides LL-37 and PACAP relative to the single-celled yeast-form cells. Overall, to survive in the host, C. auris can rapidly evolve a multicellular aggregative morphology via genetic mutations.
Fungal community composition predicts forest carbon storage at a continental scale
Authors: Anthony Mark A. , Tedersoo Leho , De Vos Bruno , Croisé Luc , Meesenburg Henning , Wagner Markus , Andreae Henning , Jacob Frank , Lech Paweł , Kowalska Anna , Greve Martin , Popova Genoveva , Frey Beat , Gessler Arthur , Schaub Marcus , Ferretti Marco , Waldner Peter , Calatayud Vicent , Canullo Roberto , Papitto Giancarlo , Marinšek Aleksander , Ingerslev Morten , Vesterdal Lars , Rautio Pasi , Meissner Helge , Timmermann Volkmar , Dettwiler Mike , Eickenscheidt Nadine , Schmitz Andreas , Van Tiel Nina , Crowther Thomas W. , Averill Colin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractForest soils harbor hyper-diverse microbial communities which fundamentally regulate carbon and nutrient cycling across the globe. Directly testing hypotheses on how microbiome diversity is linked to forest carbon storage has been difficult, due to a lack of paired data on microbiome diversity and in situ observations of forest carbon accumulation and storage. Here, we investigated the relationship between soil microbiomes and forest carbon across 238 forest inventory plots spanning 15 European countries. We show that the composition and diversity of fungal, but not bacterial, species is tightly coupled to both forest biotic conditions and a seven-fold variation in tree growth rates and biomass carbon stocks when controlling for the effects of dominant tree type, climate, and other environmental factors. This linkage is particularly strong for symbiotic endophytic and ectomycorrhizal fungi known to directly facilitate tree growth. Since tree growth rates in this system are closely and positively correlated with belowground soil carbon stocks, we conclude that fungal composition is a strong predictor of overall forest carbon storage across the European continent.
Wheat powdery mildew resistance gene Pm13 encodes a mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein
Authors: Li Huanhuan , Men Wenqiang , Ma Chao , Liu Qianwen , Dong Zhenjie , Tian Xiubin , Wang Chaoli , Liu Cheng , Gill Harsimardeep S. , Ma Pengtao , Zhang Zhibin , Liu Bao , Zhao Yue , Sehgal Sunish K. , Liu Wenxuan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWheat powdery mildew is one of the most destructive diseases threatening global wheat production. The wild relatives of wheat constitute rich sources of diversity for powdery mildew resistance. Here, we report the map-based cloning of the powdery mildew resistance gene Pm13 from the wild wheat species Aegilops longissima. Pm13 encodes a mixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL) protein that contains an N-terminal-domain of MLKL (MLKL_NTD) domain in its N-terminus and a C-terminal serine/threonine kinase (STK) domain. The resistance function of Pm13 is validated by mutagenesis, gene silencing, transgenic assay, and allelic association analyses. The development of introgression lines with significantly reduced chromosome segments of Ae. longissima encompassing Pm13 enables widespread deployment of this gene into wheat cultivars. The cloning of Pm13 may provide valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying Pm13-mediated powdery mildew resistance and highlight the important roles of kinase fusion proteins (KFPs) in wheat immunity.
NMR and MS reveal characteristic metabolome atlas and optimize esophageal squamous cell carcinoma early detection
Authors: Zhao Yan , Ma Changchun , Cai Rongzhi , Xin Lijing , Li Yongsheng , Ke Lixin , Ye Wei , Ouyang Ting , Liang Jiahao , Wu Renhua , Lin Yan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMetabolic changes precede malignant histology. However, it remains unclear whether detectable characteristic metabolome exists in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) tissues and biofluids for early diagnosis. Here, we conduct NMR- and MS-based metabolomics on 1,153 matched ESCC tissues, normal mucosae, pre- and one-week post-operative sera and urines from 560 participants across three hospitals, with machine learning and WGCNA. Aberrations in ‘alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism’ proved to be prevalent throughout the ESCC evolution, consistently identified by NMR and MS, and reflected in 16 serum and 10 urine metabolic signatures in both discovery and validation sets. NMR-based simplified panels of any five serum or urine metabolites outperform clinical serological tumor markers (AUC = 0.984 and 0.930, respectively), and are effective in distinguishing early-stage ESCC in test set (serum accuracy = 0.994, urine accuracy = 0.879). Collectively, NMR-based biofluid screening can reveal characteristic metabolic events of ESCC and be feasible for early detection (ChiCTR2300073613).
Electrically controlled nonvolatile switching of single-atom magnetism in a Dy@C84 single-molecule transistor
Authors: Wang Feng , Shen Wangqiang , Shui Yuan , Chen Jun , Wang Huaiqiang , Wang Rui , Qin Yuyuan , Wang Xuefeng , Wan Jianguo , Zhang Minhao , Lu Xing , Yang Tao , Song Fengqi 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSingle-atom magnetism switching is a key technique towards the ultimate data storage density of computer hard disks and has been conceptually realized by leveraging the spin bistability of a magnetic atom under a scanning tunnelling microscope. However, it has rarely been applied to solid-state transistors, an advancement that would be highly desirable for enabling various applications. Here, we demonstrate realization of the electrically controlled Zeeman effect in Dy@C84 single-molecule transistors, thus revealing a transition in the magnetic moment from 3.8 $${\mu }_{{{{{{\rm{B}}}}}}}$$

μ

B

to 5.1 $${\mu }_{{{{{{\rm{B}}}}}}}$$

μ

B

for the ground-state GN at an electric field strength of 3$$-$$
−
10 MV/cm. The consequent magnetoresistance significantly increases from 600% to 1100% at the resonant tunneling point. Density functional theory calculations further corroborate our realization of nonvolatile switching of single-atom magnetism, and the switching stability emanates from an energy barrier of 92 meV for atomic relaxation. These results highlight the potential of using endohedral metallofullerenes for high-temperature, high-stability, high-speed, and compact single-atom magnetic data storage.
Ginseng extracts improve circadian clock gene expression and reduce inflammation directly and indirectly through gut microbiota and PI3K signaling pathway
Authors: Zhang Xue-Ying , Khakisahneh Saeid , Han Song-Yi , Song Eun-Ji , Nam Young-Do , Kim Hojun 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDespite the potential benefits of herbal medicines for therapeutic application in preventing and treating various metabolic disorders, the mechanisms of action were understood incompletely. Ginseng (Panax ginseng), a commonly employed plant as a dietary supplement, has been reported to play its hot property in increasing body temperature and improving gut health. However, a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms by which ginseng regulates body temperature and gut health is still incomplete. This paper illustrates that intermittent supplementation with ginseng extracts improved body temperature rhythm and suppressed inflammatory responses in peripheral metabolic organs of propylthiouracil (PTU)-induced hypothermic rats. These effects were associated with changes in gut hormone secretion and the microbiota profile. The in-vitro studies in ICE-6 cells indicate that ginseng extracts can not only act directly on the cell to regulate the genes related to circadian clock and inflammation, but also may function through the gut microbiota and their byproducts such as lipopolysaccharide. Furthermore, administration of PI3K inhibitor blocked ginseng or microbiota-induced gene expression related with circadian clock and inflammation in vitro. These findings demonstrate that the hot property of ginseng may be mediated by improving circadian clock and suppressing inflammation directly or indirectly through the gut microbiota and PI3K-AKT signaling pathways.
Causal diagramming for assessing human system risk in spaceflight
Authors: Antonsen Erik , Reynolds Robert J. , Charvat Jacqueline , Connell Erin , Monti Avalon , Petersen Devan , Nartey Nicholas , Anton Wilma , Abukmail Ahmed , Marotta Kristina , Van Baalen Mary , Buckland Daniel M. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractFor over a decade, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) has tracked and configuration-managed approximately 30 risks that affect astronaut health and performance before, during and after spaceflight. The Human System Risk Board (HSRB) at NASA Johnson Space Center is responsible for setting the official risk posture for each of the human system risks and determining—based on evaluation of the available evidence—when that risk posture changes. The ultimate purpose of tracking and researching these risks is to find ways to reduce spaceflight-induced risk to astronauts. The adverse effects of spaceflight begin at launch and continue throughout the duration of the mission, and in some cases, across the lifetime of the astronaut. Historically, research has been conducted in individual risk “silos” to characterize risk, however, astronauts are exposed to all risks simultaneously. In January of 2020, the HSRB at NASA began assessing the potential value of causal diagramming as a tool to facilitate understanding of the complex causes and effects that contribute to spaceflight-induced human system risk. Causal diagrams in the form of directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) are used to provide HSRB stakeholders with a shared mental model of the causal flow of risk. While primarily improving communication among those stakeholders, DAGs also allow a composite risk network to be created that can be tracked and configuration managed. This paper outlines the HSRB’s pilot process for this effort, the lessons learned, and future goals for data-driven risk management approaches.
Corneal confocal microscopy may help to distinguish Multiple System Atrophy from Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Niu Xuebin , Yin Peixiao , Guan Chenyang , Shao Qiuyue , Cui Guiyun , Zan Kun , Xu Chuanying 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMultiple system atrophy (MSA) and Parkinson’s disease (PD) have clinical overlapping symptoms, which makes differential diagnosis difficult. Our research aimed to distinguish MSA from PD using corneal confocal microscopy (CCM), a noninvasive and objective test. The study included 63 PD patients, 30 MSA patients, and 31 healthy controls (HC). When recruiting PD and MSA, questionnaires were conducted on motor and non-motor functions, such as autonomic and cognitive functions. Participants underwent CCM to quantify the corneal nerve fibers. Corneal nerve fiber density (CNFD) and corneal nerve fiber length (CNFL) values in MSA are lower than PD (MSA vs. PD: CNFD, 20.68 ± 6.70 vs. 24.64 ± 6.43 no./mm2, p < 0.05; CNFL, 12.01 ± 3.25 vs. 14.17 ± 3.52 no./mm2, p < 0.05). In MSA + PD (combined), there is a negative correlation between CNFD and the Orthostatic Grading Scale (OGS) (r = −0.284, p = 0.007). Similarly, CNFD in the only MSA group was negatively correlated with the Unified Multiple System Atrophy Rating Scale I and II (r = −0.391, p = 0.044; r = −0.382, p = 0.049). CNFD and CNFL were inversely associated with MSA (CNFD: β = −0.071; OR, 0.932; 95% CI, 0.872 ~ 0.996; p = 0.038; CNFL: β = −0.135; OR, 0.874; 95% CI, 0.768–0.994; p = 0.040). Furthermore, we found the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) of CNFL was the largest, 72.01%. The CCM could be an objective and sensitive biomarker to distinguish MSA from PD. It visually reflects a more severe degeneration in MSA compared to PD.
The photocatalytic oxidation of As(III) on birnessite
Authors: Li Ping , Wang Yun , Wang Jingjing , Wang Wei , Ding Zhe , Liang Jianjun , Fan Qiaohui 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBirnessite is regarded as an efficient oxidizing agent that would significantly influence the environmental fate of elements such as arsenic. This study compared the chemical and photocatalytic oxidation of As(III) over birnessite. During the chemical oxidation, As(III) was oxidized to As(V), while Mn(IV) was reduced to Mn(II), subsequently forming MnOOH. The coverage of the reactive sites by MnOOH inhibited the chemical oxidation of residual As(III). At pH 5.0, after 360 min of reaction, 61% of As(III) was oxidized to As(V), and the oxidation of As(III) decreased with an increase in pH. The photocatalytic oxidation of As(III), where almost all As(III) could be oxidized to As(V) over a pH range of 5.0–8.0 and 360 min, was much more efficient compared to chemical oxidation. In contrast to chemical oxidation, the formation of MnOOH slightly affected the photocatalytic performance of birnessite. It was demonstrated that •O2− radicals and holes (hvb+) played an important role in the photocatalytic oxidation of As(III) over birnessite. Our findings confirmed that light dramatically promoted the oxidation of As(III) by birnessite, broadening the understanding of the environmental behaviors of arsenic.
Prevotella copri and microbiota members mediate the beneficial effects of a therapeutic food for malnutrition
Authors: Chang Hao-Wei , Lee Evan M. , Wang Yi , Zhou Cyrus , Pruss Kali M. , Henrissat Suzanne , Chen Robert Y. , Kao Clara , Hibberd Matthew C. , Lynn Hannah M. , Webber Daniel M. , Crane Marie , Cheng Jiye , Rodionov Dmitry A. , Arzamasov Aleksandr A. , Castillo Juan J. , Couture Garret , Chen Ye , Balcazo Nikita P. , Lebrilla Carlito B. , Terrapon Nicolas , Henrissat Bernard , Ilkayeva Olga , Muehlbauer Michael J. , Newgard Christopher B. , Mostafa Ishita , Das Subhasish , Mahfuz Mustafa , Osterman Andrei L. , Barratt Michael J. , Ahmed Tahmeed , Gordon Jeffrey I. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMicrobiota-directed complementary food (MDCF) formulations have been designed to repair the gut communities of malnourished children. A randomized controlled trial demonstrated that one formulation, MDCF-2, improved weight gain in malnourished Bangladeshi children compared to a more calorically dense standard nutritional intervention. Metagenome-assembled genomes from study participants revealed a correlation between ponderal growth and expression of MDCF-2 glycan utilization pathways by Prevotella copri strains. To test this correlation, here we use gnotobiotic mice colonized with defined consortia of age- and ponderal growth-associated gut bacterial strains, with or without P. copri isolates closely matching the metagenome-assembled genomes. Combining gut metagenomics and metatranscriptomics with host single-nucleus RNA sequencing and gut metabolomic analyses, we identify a key role of P. copri in metabolizing MDCF-2 glycans and uncover its interactions with other microbes including Bifidobacterium infantis. P. copri-containing consortia mediated weight gain and modulated energy metabolism within intestinal epithelial cells. Our results reveal structure–function relationships between MDCF-2 and members of the gut microbiota of malnourished children with potential implications for future therapies.