bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular Mechanisms of Liver Carcinogenesis in the Mdr2-Knockout Mice
Authors: Katzenellenbogen Mark , Mizrahi Lina , Pappo Orit , Klopstock Naama , Olam Devorah , Jacob-Hirsch Jasmine , Amariglio Ninette , Rechavi Gideon , Domany Eytan , Galun Eithan , Goldenberg Daniel 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
Mouse models of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) simulate specific subgroups of human HCC. We investigated hepatocarcinogenesis in Mdr2-knockout (Mdr2-KO) mice, a model of inflammation-associated HCC, using gene expression profiling and immunohistochemical analyses. Gene expression profiling showed that although Mdr2-KO mice differ from other published murine HCC models, they share several important deregulated pathways and many coordinately differentially expressed genes with human HCC data sets. Analysis of genome positions of differentially expressed genes in liver tumors revealed a prolonged region of down-regulated genes on murine chromosome 8 in three of the six analyzed tumor samples. This region is syntenic to human chromosomal regions that are frequently deleted in human HCC and harbor multiple tumor suppressor genes. Real-time reverse transcription-PCR analysis of 16 tumor samples confirmed down-regulation of several tumor suppressors in most tumors. We show that in the aged Mdr2-KO mice, cyclin D1 nuclear level is increased in dysplastic hepatocytes that do not form nodules; however, it is decreased in most dysplastic nodules and in liver tumors. We found that this decrease is mostly at the protein, rather than the mRNA, level. These findings raise the question on the role of cyclin D1 at early stages of hepatocarcinogenesis in the Mdr2-KO HCC model. Furthermore, we show that most liver tumors in Mdr2-KO mice were characterized by the absence of β-catenin activation. In conclusion, the Mdr2-KO mouse may serve as a model for β-catenin–negative subgroup of human HCCs characterized by low nuclear cyclin D1 levels in tumor cells and by down-regulation of multiple tumor suppressor genes. (Mol Cancer Res 2007;5(11):1159–70)
Anterior Displacement of the Inferior Vena Cava By Hepatic Masses
Authors: Sprayregen Seymour 
Published: November 2007

Two cases are reported in which hepatomas produced anterior displacement of the inferior vena cava, and because of this displacement were originally considered to represent retroperitoneal masses. The hepatoma in one case involved the caudate lobe and in the other the right lobe of the liver, with neither case having evidence of retroperitoneal disease. No previous inferior vena cavagram has been published which showed anterior displacement of the vena cava by a hepatic mass. Hepatic masses must be considered in the differential diagnosis when the upper portion of the inferior vena cava is displaced anteriorly. The anatomic factors which allow intrahe patic masses to displace the vena cava anteriorly are discussed.
Vascular Insufficiency and Osteomyelitis of the Lower Extremity
Authors: Kerstein Morris D. 
Published: November 2007

Osteomyelitis secondary to peripheral vascular insufficiency was evaluated in forty-six males. A control group of sixteen did not receive antibiotics; the remainder received Cephalothin pre- and post-operatively. An equal number of patients in both groups had diabetes mellitus. Based on x-ray and clinical findings, all patients underwent local amputation. Staphylococcus aureus was the most common organism recovered. Thirty-seven percent of the non-antibiotic treated group required further revision to a higher level of amputation. The most frequent cause of amputation of the lower extremity is atherosclerosis, complicated by diabetes mellitus and infection.2 Progression of the primary disease process often results in ulceration, sepsis, gangrene and osteomyelitis. The responsible surgeon must not "whittle" nor must he be too aggressive. Evaluating the rehabilitation potential of each individual, and being aware of the disability incurred by amuputation, "selective conservatism" is the key. This study demonstrates the selected salvage of the lower extremity by limited amputation and long term antibiotic therapy.
Angiographic and Pathologic Correlations in Prinzmetal Variant Angina
Authors: Rizzon Paolo , Rossi Lino , Calabrese Pietro , Franchini Giovanni , DiBiase Matteo , Rizzon Paolo 
Published: November 2007

The coronary-arteriographic and pathologic findings in a case of Prinz metal's angina are reported. Right coro nary arteriograms performed in the ab sence of pain showed only minor stenotic changes, whereas those performed dur ing an anginal attack revealed a spastic occlusion involving almost the entire vessel. Anatomic examination revealed obstructive lesions of the right coronary artery, more pronounced at the site where spasm had started, due to con centric atherosclerotic thickening of the inner wall, whereas the elastic fibers and the muscular ring of the tunica media were preserved. These findings suggest (1) the need for great caution before assuming on purely angiographic bases that spasm may af fect a normal coronary artery and (2) the possibility that spasm occurs in a markedly diseased and stenotic segment of a coronary artery as long as the con tractile tissue of the tunica media is pre served.
Hyperkalemia-Induced Conversion of Chronic Atrial Fibrillation to Normal Sinus Rhythm;
Authors: Mathew P.K. 
Published: November 2007

The electrocardiographic manifestations of hyperkalemia have been well described. We report a patient with chronic congestive heart failure and atrial fibrillation for 6 years, who converted to sinus rhythm during an episode of hyperkalemia. To our knowl edge, this is the first report of hyperkalemia- induced conversion of chronic atrial fibrilla tion to sinus mechanism.
The Relative Resistance of Normal Young Women to Ethanol-Induced Myocardial Depression
Authors: Timmis Gerald C. , Gordon Seymour , Ramos Renato G. , Gangadharan V. 
Published: November 2007

In contrast to previous reports from our own laboratory utilizing systolic time intervals (STI) and by others using ultrasound, no evidence of acute myocardial depression was observed in response to an ethanol (ETOH) dose of 1.25 ml/lb consumed over a period of 60 minutes by 6 young women (22.7 ± 7 years; 133 ± 6 lbs) who were monitored for 3 hours thereafter. Specifically, there was no significant change in fractional shortening (%ΔD), ejection frac tion, or mean circumferential fiber shortening velocity. Cardiac index and stroke index also remained stable, although heart rate increased ( P < 0.005) and systolic and diastolic blood pressure fell ( P < 0.01 and 0.25 respectively). To examine further this unanticipated cardiac resistance to ETOH, we re- examined the sex-specific difference of STI response to acute ETOH exposure in a previously reported group of 32 normal subjects (20 men and 12 women). Significant increases in PEP, PEPI, ICT, and PEP/LVET ( P < 0.005, 0.005, 0.005, and 0.001 respectively) were observed in men only. Because we have previously observed that chronic ETOH consumption blunts acute myocardial depression, and because only 1 of 7 STI subjects historically consuming the least ETOH (< 1 oz/day) was a woman, STIs, were reassessed only in those subjects with a chronic consumption of 1 or more oz/day (14 men and 11 women). Myocardial depression as estimated by an increased ICT ( P < 0.05) and PEP/ LVET (P < 0.02) was again observed in men only. We concluded that women are less susceptible than men to acute ETOH induced myocardial depression, as has recently been suggested for chronic ETOH consumption as well.
The Influence of Limb Elevation, Examination Technique, and Outflow System Design on Venous Plethysmography
Authors: Tripolitis A.J. , Blackshear W.M. , Bodily K.C. , Thiele B.L. , Strandness D.E. 
Published: November 2007

The effect of limb elevation and the design of the thigh cuff outflow system on venous capacitance and venous outflow, as determined by strain gauge plethysmography, was reviewed in a group of normal limbs without evidence of deep venous thrombosis. We improved the reliability of plethysmography in evaluating venous outflow, particularly in the early period after cuff deflation, by using uniform leg elevation, large diameter outflow tubing, and single rather than simultaneous limb examinations. Based on this experience, an optimum technique of examination empha sizing precise limb elevation, sequential limb examination and proper design of the cuff outflow system was used to evaluate 21 patients with acute venous thrombosis. The results obtained were compared with previously reported re sults of strain gauge plethysmography in patients with acute venous throm bosis. This technique significantly reduced the incidence of false-positive re sults.
Blood Flow Measurement in Patients With Intermittent Claudication
Authors: Tudor Davies W. 
Published: November 2007

Modified isotope clearance tests for the objective investigation of inter mittent claudication of the lower limb were performed in 14 normal subjects with clinically patent arteries and 9 patients with calf claudication and arteri ographically confirmed peripheral vascular occlusion. The tests involved a stan dard exercise performed in the supine position. During rest periods the limb under test was subjected to simultaneous venous occlusion plethysmography. In the patients with intermittent claudication, results were abnormal when compared with those of the normal group. The modified testing procedure de scribed gave discriminatory results for each group. Their usefulness in mon itoring disease progression, treatment benefit, and patient selection for surgery is discussed.
Electrophysiologic Effects of Diltiazem, a Calcium Antagonist, in Patients With Impaired Sinus or Atrioventricular Node Function
Authors: Sugimoto Tsuneaki , Ishikawa Tadao , Kaseno Kensuke , Nakase Shin'ichi 
Published: November 2007

The electrophysiologic effects of diltiazem, a calcium antagonistic agent, were studied in 30 subjects with various degrees of sinus or AV node dysfunc tion. After diltiazem was administered, sinus activity was not depressed in con trol subjects, whereas marked inhibition was observed in some of the patients with sick sinus syndrome. Ventricular automaticity was little affected by this drug. The AV conduction system was significantly depressed, and there was no difference in degree between controls and AV block patients. The depression of the AV conduction system became more marked as the basic atrial cycle length was shortened. The drug had no apparent effects on atrial refractoriness, atrial echo zone, or the accessory pathway system. Conclusively, diltiazem affects mainly sinus and AV conduction systems. Its effect on the sinus node may provide a hazardous problem in patients with the sick sinus sysdrome patients, while its effect on the AV node will have thera peutic value in patients with AV nodal re-entrant arrhythmias.
Systemic Hypoperfusion in a Neonate With Tricuspid Atresia and Transposition of the Great Arteries
Authors: Folger Gordon M. 
Published: November 2007

Infants with the hypoplastic left heart syn drome present a reproducible appearance that terminates in irreversible shock during the neonatal period. There is disagreement over the exact cause of this appearance. This case involves a newborn infant with tricuspid atresia and transposition of the great arteries, and with the clinical appear ance and course usually reserved for neo nates with the hypoplastic left heart syn drome. Accurate diagnosis is crucial in all such infants to correctly distinguish those with a hopeless outcome from those ame nable to palliative cardiovascular surgery. This case supports the contention that ductal closure alone is not the principal cause of death in infants with hypoplastic left heart syndrome.
Prognostic Value of Initial Blood Viscosity on Vascular Surgery and Treatment in Peripheral Disease
Authors: Charlesworth D. 
Published: November 2007

The correlation between extent of arteriosclerosis and blood viscosity, and the reduction in viscosity after successful surgery support the hypothesis that a raised viscosity is a consequence rather than a cause of arteriosclerosis. Measurement of blood viscosity was of little practical help to our team of vascular surgeons when they were faced with the problem of which recon struction to do and when to do the procedure on a particular patient. The results of our studies show that in patients with arteriosclerosis, in whom only the major arteries are affected, the viscosity of the blood is not grossly abnormal and a knowledge of the blood viscosity does little to influence treatment. Patients with peripheral vascular disease affecting the small arteries and arterioles often have a high blood viscosity. In these circumstances manipulation of blood viscosity by hemodilution or drugs may be of benefit, and there is evidence that isoxsuprine given intravenously can achieve a reduction in viscosity.
Experience with Isoxsuprine in the Treatment of Sickle Cell Crisis: A Proposed Mechanism of Action
Authors: Psomadakis C. , Kallerghi G. , Bourantas C. , Papageorgiou J. 
Published: November 2007

An accidental clinical observation triggered this investigation into the possible beneficial effects of isoxsuprine in the treatment of painful sickle cell crisis. Twenty-four patients were studied with a total of 34 episodes of painful crisis. As they had all been previously treated by us we knew the duration of their crisis under conventional treatment, so that the two regimens with and without isoxsuprine could be compared. Isoxsuprine was administered in 3 successive steps: (1) as an IM injection (5-10 mg), (2) as a rapid IV infusion (1 mg/minute), and (3) as a slow, continuous IV infusion (0.1-0.3 mg/minute). The results from this study suggest that isoxsuprine exerts in fact a remarkable action in sickle cell crisis by bringing about prompt relief in approximately 80% of the cases within 5 hours, and in 40% of the cases within 2 hours. There were only 2 cases of absolute failure. The hospitalization time was remarkably reduced and the use of narcotics was minimized. Side effects (tachycardia, palpitations, somnolence) have been observed mainly in cases where relatively high doses of isoxsuprine had to be administered IV.
Systemic Arterial Compliance and Diastolic Runoff in Essential Hypertension
Authors: Levenson Jaime A. , Safar Michel E. , Simon Alain C. , Kheder Adel I. , Daou Joseph N. , Levy Bernard I. 
Published: November 2007

Systemic arterial compliance was estimated in 31 men, including 15 pa tients with sustained essential hypertension and 16 normal subjects of the same age. Values were derived from analysis of the monoexponential blood pressure-time curve during diastole, according to a simple viscoelastic model. In normal subjects, baseline arterial compliance was 2.56 ± 0.18 ml/mm Hg. A significant decrease (1.88 ± 0.13 ml/mm Hg; P < 0.001) was observed in hypertensives. Administration of vasoactive substances (angiotensin and sodium nitroprusside) showed that, for the same blood pressure levels, normal subjects and hypertensives had similar values for compliance. How ever, the correlation between the basal values of diastolic pressure and compliance was significant in normal subjects (r = -0.76) but not in hyper tensives (r = -0.33); these results suggested differences between acute and long-term conditions in patients and controls. Calculated diastolic runoff was similar in both groups, approximating 58 and 55% of the stroke volume respectively. This study provides evidence that, in sustained essential hypertension, (1) the reduced arterial compliance cannot be related exclusively to the level of blood pressure, but also requires some abnormality of the volume of large arteries, and (2) the reservoir role of the large arteries is maintained.
Abnormal Left Ventricular Contraction Revealed by Impedance Cardiograms and Arterial Tracings in Bundle Branch Blocks and Old Myocardial Infarcts
Authors: Luisada Aldo A. , Perez Gloria L. , Kitapci Haluk , Knighten Vincent 
Published: November 2007

Following the observation of an unusual pattern of the first derivative of the impedance cardiogram in cases of bundle branch block, a systematic study was performed both in normal controls and clinical cases. This graphic study was supplemented by the simultaneous recording of the first derivative of an arterial tracing, preferably the indirect aortic pulse at the suprasternal notch. These studies were performed in 70 subjects: 30 normal subjects, 14 cases of right bundle branch block, 14 cases of left bundle branch block, and 12 cases of old infarcts. Out of 30 normal subjects, only 2 old persons showed splintering of the main systolic wave. Both right and left bundle branch blocks had in common either a splitting of this wave in 2 peaks or multiple splintering; however, 4 cases in each type of bundle branch block had a normal pattern. Among old infarcts, 7 had a splitting, 3 had multiple splitting, and 2 had a normal pattern. The derivative of the arterial tracings showed a remarkable similar ity with that of the impedance cardiogram, revealing that abnormal left ventricular ejection (dyssynergy) was present in all 3 types of lesion. The first derivative of the impedance cardiogram was often more typical than that of the arterial tracings, because it had fewer secondary vibrations or artifacts. Thus, the former seems more sensitive to diagnosing left ven tricular abnormalities of contraction, even when the electrocardiogram is normal.
The Inhibition of Ischemic Lesions of the Rat Gastric Mucosa by a Novel Serotonin- Antagonist: a Light and Electron Microscopic Study
Authors: Van Reempts J. , Borgers M. , Xhonneux R. , De Clerck F. , Awouters F. 
Published: November 2007

Two methods that provoke severe lesions in the rat gastric wall were used to study the pathologic action of serotonin. In a first group of rats 1 mg/kg of compound 48/80 was injected IV. The lethal shock that follows within about 30 minutes was prevented by subcutaneous administration of a H1- antagonist. This treatment did not suppress the gastric gland activity, in particular the gastric secretion, and resulted in time-related lesions situated in the gastric corpus and to a lesser extent in the antrum. In a second group of rats similar lesions were induced by slow infusion of 30 μg/kg/min serotonin into the femoral vein. The earliest observed light microscopic events concerned mucosal vessel appearance. Most of the vessels were heavily dilated and engorged with blood cells. The most important ultrastructural changes were seen in the various epithelial cells. These were characterized by an early disappearance of intramitochondrial granular deposits. In a later stage progressive necrosis of the epithelial cells was observed. Lesions evolving from focal edematous erosions into deep necrotic and hemorrhagic wounds were found throughout the whole gastric wall. These final severe lesions were attributed to a local vascular congestion which led to cellular ischemia and a consequent energy deficiency of the mucosal cells. When rats were orally pretreated with the novel serotonin-antagonist R 41 468 at a dose of 0.63 mg/kg, the light and electron microscopic picture was almost completely comparable to that of unchallenged animals. This indi cates that R 41 468 is a potent antagonist of peripheral venoconstriction induced by infused exogenous serotonin as well as by released endogenous serotonin.
Tissue pO2 and Transcutaneous pO2 as Guidelines in Experimental and Clinical Drug Evaluation
Authors: Sunder-Plassmann L. , Messmer K. , Becker H.M. 
Published: November 2007

Tissue pO2 measurements on skeletal muscle surface both in patients and in ani mals in a model of occlusive disease re vealed local tissue hypoxia that, until now, had not been detected with any other method. This kind of local tissue hypoxia is interpreted as a disturbance of local micro- flow distribution in the presence of un changed regional blood flow rate. In response to buflomedil infusion, tissue p02 histograms improved without any change in regional blood flow or distal blood pressure. In comparison to healthy volunteers, transcutaneous pO2 measurements in pa tients allowed establishment of tcpO2 pro files along the lower extremity which were in agreement with angiographic localization of vessel occlusion. In a preliminary study, buflomedil infusion (3 mg/kg) over 30 min utes caused a significant increase in tcpO2 in 5 patients in the absence of any signifi cant change of segmental blood pressure. It is concluded that both tissue p02 and tcpO2 measurements are able to provide unique information about local changes of the microcirculation in occlusive vessel dis ease.
Quantitative Evaluation of the Skin Circulation in Ischemic Legs by Transcutaneous Measurement of Oxygen Tension
Authors: Ohgi Shigetsugu , Ito Katsuaki , Mori Tohru 
Published: November 2007

We tried to apply transcutaneous oxygen tension (tcPo2) in evaluating the ischemic leg quantitatively from the standpoint of the skin circulation. The tcPo2 measurement was performed on the pretibial and dorsal skin at rest, on exercise loading, and during oxygen inhalation; tcPo2 on the chest wall was measured as a standard value. The subjects consisted of 47 patients with ischemic legs and 20 normal healthy males without ischemic legs. tcPo2 in the pretibial skin had a tendency to decrease with aging. There was a correlation between pretibial tcPo2 and ankle pressure (r = 0.51, p < 0.02). In the affected leg, each mean pretibial tcPo2 under 3 different conditions was much lower than that of control. Pretibial tcPo2 of patients also correlated well with the Fontaine classification of clinical severity of ischemic legs. We concluded that transcutaneous measurements of oxygen tension at the pretibial region are useful in evaluating the ischemic leg quantitatively.
The Efficacy of Ajmaline in Ventricular Arrhythmias after Failure of Lidocaine Therapy in the Acute Phase of Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Grenadier E. , Alpan G. , Keidar S. , Weiss D. , Marmor A. , Palant A. 
Published: November 2007

Forty-three patients in the acute phase of myocardial infarction who were resistant to conventional doses of lidocaine received Ajmaline intravenously (50 mg bolus followed by constant infusion rate of 1-1.5 mg/min). Dangerous ventricular arrhythmias were abolished in 72% of this group of patients (group A). In the remaining patients (28%), Ajmaline was found to be ineffective (group B). There was no reduction of systolic or diastolic blood pressure and there was an insignificant increase in heart rate. Atrio-ventricular or intraventricular conduction defects appeared in 46% of the patients described. There was a statistically significant increase in occur rence of heart blocks in group B patients and among these complete left bundle branch block (CLBBB) was the most prevalent. Atrio-ventricular or intraventricular conduction defects were transient, appearing between 8-36 h (mean 23 h), and were not accompanied by reduction of ventricular rate. Conduction defects disappeared within several hours (up to 24 hours) after Ajmaline was discontinued. It is concluded that Ajmaline administered by this regimen is an effective alternative agent for patients with ventricular arrhythmia not controlled by lidocaine in the acute phase of myocardial infarction.