bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clean air in urban China: The case of inter‐agency coordination in Chongqing's Blue Sky Program
Authors: Li W. , Chan Hon S. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractAir pollution in urban China is increasingly attributed to dispersed sources such as motor vehicles and construction sites, over which environmental protection bureaus (EPBs) share jurisdiction with other government line agencies. The problem of multiple oversight bodies, with sometimes divergent goals, challenges EPBs regarding the achievement of environmental results. To do this, they need to be empowered with capacities as both green ambassadors and stringent enforcers, besides being intelligent planners and vigilant monitors. Across the country, the supply of institutional capacity for tackling air pollution does not match the demand. However, the article finds that setting up inter‐agency coordinating mechanisms enhanced the management and enforcement capacities of Chongqing's EPB in implementing Chongqing's Blue Sky Program and thus builds hope that similar measures will help bring clean air to all of urban China. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Decision‐making in Chinese local administrative reform: Path dependence, agency and implementation
Authors: Li Linda Chelan 
Published: January 2009

AbstractHow do policy makers make up their minds? What goes into their calculations when deciding whether a proposed policy or reform measure should or should not be adopted? This article looks into these important, if mundane, questions by considering the case of recent decisions taken in relation to Chinese township reforms. It argues that, in this case, policy makers were inclined to focus on costs, and neglected the potential benefits of reform due to the past reform trajectory whereby most previous township reforms have failed. Furthermore, policy makers were predisposed to perceive most stakeholders as ‘resisters’ of change or passive beneficiaries. This article contemplates the possibility of improving decision‐making capacity by recognising the agency role of ‘reform targets’. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
State capacity building in China: An introduction
Authors: Collins Paul , Chan Hon S. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractState capacity worldwide, often eroded by the effects of NPM type reforms, confronts unprecedented public policy challenges—vis‐a‐vis environment, security and health, amongst others. The state in China faces many of these—with unwelcome recent extras such as natural disasters. Whilst China has experienced phenomenal recent growth, it has also had to balance this with the need for stability. A paradox arises in which China seeks to regulate its rapid economic development whilst at the same time reforming the state itself. The collection of essays in this Special Issue will explore China's state capacity building challenges in a number of key systemic areas—budgeting, performance management, audit and state enterprise reform as well as specific public policy issue areas—environmental protection, land and security, local administrative and governance reform. In doing so, it will draw lessons about the applicability of governance models to specific country contexts and likely future paths as China seeks to deepen institutional and structural change. As in recent months the world has seen the near collapse of the US economy and further discrediting of the free market capitalist model of development, the interest in alternative development models is on the increase. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A case of natural killer cell lymphoma presenting with bilateral pleural effusions and hemophagocytic lymphohistocytosis
Authors: Tai Chun‐Fu , Chang Luan Yin , Lin Dong‐Tsamn , Lin Kai‐Hsin , Jou Shiann‐Tarng , Yang Yung‐Li 
Published: January 2009

AbstractNatural killer (NK) cell lymphoma of lung is very rare. We report a case of NK cell lymphoma presented in a 17‐year‐old male with bilateral pleural effusions and hemophagocytic lymphohistocytosis. Morphologic and immunohistochemical tests revealed an association of NK cell lymphoma with Epstein–Barr virus. A literature review helped identify other cases of patients with NK cell lymphoma, their treatment and outcomes. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2009;52:666–669. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sialoblastoma and hepatoblastoma in a newborn infant
Authors: Stones D.K. , Jansen J.C. , Griessel D. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractWe report a case of a newborn infant who had simultaneous sialoblastoma and hepatoblastoma tumours at birth. The diagnoses were made on post mortem examination. Both of these are rare tumours in the neonatal period. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2009;52:883–885. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Predictors of non‐participation in a randomized intervention trial to reduce environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure in pediatric cancer patients
Authors: Klosky James L. , Tyc Vida L. , Lawford Joanne , Ashford Jason , Lensing Shelly , Buscemi Joanna 
Published: January 2009

AbstractBackgroundExposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) is associated with the development of serious health consequences in children with cancer due to preexisting disease and treatment‐related vulnerabilities. The purpose of the current investigation was to identify predictors of non‐participation in a randomized intervention trial to reduce ETS exposure among pediatric cancer patients.MethodsOne hundred fifty‐three families of pediatric cancer patients met study eligibility criteria. Parents of 117 (76%) patients agreed to study participation, whereas 36 (24%) parents declined (non‐participants). Data were collected with respect to participant sociodemographic, medical, and treatment‐related characteristics.ResultsUnivariate analyses indicated that families whose primary caregivers were females or smokers were more likely to be non‐participants in the ETS reduction trial (P = 0.045 and P = 0.009, respectively). Medical features that significantly associated with study non‐participation included CNS tumor diagnosis (P = 0.030), no history of chemotherapy (P = 0.012), history of surgery prior to study recruitment (P = 0.036), and having future radiation therapy planned post study recruitment (P = 0.009). Multivariable logistic regression modeling revealed that study non‐participation was associated with the primary caregiver being a smoker (OR = 6.48, P = 0.002) or female (OR = 8.56, P = 0.023), and patient CNS tumor diagnosis (OR = 4.63, P = 0.021).ConclusionsAlthough a large percentage of eligible participants enrolled in the ETS reduction trial, findings suggest that future recruitment strategies of families should be tailored to parental smoking status and gender, as well as child diagnosis and treatment. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2009;52:644–649. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Binder phenotype: clinical and etiological heterogeneity of the so‐called Binder maxillonasal dysplasia in prenatally diagnosed cases, and review of the literature
Authors: Levaillant J. M. , Moeglin D. , Zouiten K. , Bucourt M. , Burglen L. , Soupre V. , Baumann C. , Jaquemont M. L. , Touraine R. , Picard A. , Vuillard E. , Belarbi N. , Oury J. F. , Verloes A. , Vazquez M. P. , Labrune P. , Delezoide A. L. , Gérard‐Blanluet M. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractObjectivePrenatal Binder profile is a well known clinical phenotype, defined by a flat profile without nasal eminence, contrasting with nasal bones of normal length. Binder profile results of a hypoplasia of the nasal pyramid (sometimes referred to as maxillonasal dysplasia). We report 8 fetuses prenatally diagnosed as Binder phenotype, and discuss their postnatal diagnoses.MethodsUltrasonographic detailed measurements in 2D and 3D were done on the 8 fetuses with Binder profile, and were compared with postnatal phenotype.ResultsAll fetuses have an association of verticalized nasal bones, abnormal convexity of the maxilla, and some degree of chondrodysplasia punctata. The final diagnoses included fetal warfarin syndrome (one patient), infantile sialic acid storage (one patient), probable Keutel syndrome (one patient), and five unclassifiable types of chondrodysplasia punctata.ConclusionThis series demonstrates the heterogeneity of prenatally diagnosed Binder phenotype, and the presence of chondrodysplasia punctata in all cases. An anomaly of vitamin K metabolism, possibly due to environmental factors, is suspected in these mild chondrodysplasia punctata. We recommend considering early prophylactic vitamin K supplementation in every suspected acquired vitamin K deficiency including incoercible vomiting of the pregnancy. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Endoscopic laser coagulation of feeding vessels in large placental chorioangiomas: report of three cases and review of invasive treatment options
Authors: Sepulveda Waldo , Wong Amy E. , Herrera Luis , Dezerega Victor , Devoto Juan C. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractObjectiveTo report three cases of large placental chorioangiomas managed with endoscopic laser coagulation of the feeding vessels, and review the literature regarding cases of chorioangioma treated with invasive techniques.MethodsIntrauterine endoscopic surgery was performed using a 2.5‐mm fetoscope under epidural anesthesia. Coagulation of the feeding vessels was attempted with laser energy, and the operation was completed with amniodrainage.ResultsThe feeding vessels were successfully coagulated in one case, resulting in a term delivery. Histopathologic examination of the placenta confirmed a capillary chorioangioma with extensive necrosis. There were intraoperative complications in the other two cases, including bleeding at the site of coagulation requiring intrauterine transfusion in one, and incomplete vascular ablation in the other. In the former case the infant was born prematurely and developed chronic renal insufficiency. In the latter, the fetus died within the first week of the surgery.ConclusionsThere are limited interventions available for the management of large, symptomatic placental chorioangiomas. Although they can be treated with endoscopic laser coagulation of the feeding vessels, fetal bleeding, exsanguination, and death are potential complications of the procedure; therefore, this technique should be used with caution. The role of this treatment modality in the early devascularization of placental chorioangiomas prior to the development of significant complications warrants consideration. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Long‐term cancer survivors experience work changes after diagnosis: results of a population‐based study
Authors: Mols Floortje , Thong Melissa S.Y. , Vreugdenhil Gerard , van de Poll‐Franse Lonneke V. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractBackground: Although cancer survivorship is increasing with improved diagnosis and treatments, few studies have explored employment changes and the factors related to this change among cancer survivors. Therefore, we aim to explore the prevalence of employment problems in long‐term cancer survivors. In addition, we explored what patient or tumour characteristics predicted employment changes.Methods: All 1893 long‐term survivors of prostate cancer, endometrial cancer, non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma, and Hodgkin's lymphoma diagnosed between 1989 and 1998 in the area of the Comprehensive Cancer Centre South, The Netherlands were included in a population‐based cross‐sectional survey.Results: Response rate was 80% (n=1511). After excluding survivors without a job before diagnosis, 403 survivors remained; 197 (49%) experienced no changes in their work situation following cancer diagnosis, 69 (17%) were working fewer hours, and 137 (34%) stopped working or retired. A medium educational level was significant in reducing the risk of work changes. Being older, having more than one comorbid condition, being treated with chemotherapy, and disease progression were significant independent predictors of work changes after cancer. Experiencing work changes was associated with lower physical functioning but positively associated with social well‐being.Discussion: Long‐term cancer survivors experience work changes after diagnosis and treatment, and clinical factors significantly predicted work change after cancer. As such, our study underscores the importance of rehabilitation programs in improving the return to work after cancer. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A network of dynamically conserved residues deciphers the motions of maltose transporter
Authors: Lukman Suryani , Grant Guy H. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe maltose transporter of Escherichia coli is a member of the ATP‐binding cassette (ABC) transporter superfamily. The crystal structures of maltose transporter MalK have been determined for distinct conformations in the presence and absence of the ligand ATP, and other interacting proteins. Using the distinct MalK structures, normal mode analysis was performed to understand the dynamics behavior of the system. A network of dynamically important residues was obtained from the normal mode analysis and the analysis of point mutation on the normal modes. Our results suggest that the intradomain rotation occurs earlier than the interdomain rotation during the maltose‐binding protein (MBP)‐driven conformational changes of MalK. We inquire if protein motion and functional‐driven evolutionary conservation are related. The sequence conservation of MalK was analyzed to derive a network of evolutionarily important residues. There are highly significant correlations between protein sequence and protein dynamics in many regions on the maltose transporter MalK, suggesting a link between the protein evolution and dynamics. The significant overlaps between the network of dynamically important residues and the network of evolutionarily important residues form a network of dynamically conserved residues. Proteins 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Gene ontology functional annotations at the structural domain level
Authors: Lopez Daniel , Pazos Florencio 
Published: January 2009

AbstractMost proteins are organized in domains which can be seen as independent modular units in terms of molecular function (MF). Nevertheless, current functional annotations are done on a “whole‐chain” basis without associating specific functions to the individual domains. We present here an automatic method for discerning which particular structural domain within a protein is responsible for a given MF originally attributed to the whole protein. By annotating the SCOP structural domains with gene ontology terms using this method, we obtained the first large‐scale functional annotation at the domain level. We performed a large‐scale comparison of these annotations with the ones implicit in the functional annotations of Interpro signatures, showing that the performance of this method is globally better. We also discuss in detail some particular examples. Generated automatically and available online, this resource could be the basis for future manually curated annotations. Proteins 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
On the relation between residue flexibility and local solvent accessibility in proteins
Authors: Zhang Hua , Zhang Tuo , Chen Ke , Shen Shiyi , Ruan Jishou , Kurgan Lukasz 
Published: January 2009

AbstractWe investigate the relationship between the flexibility, expressed with B‐factor, and the relative solvent accessibility (RSA) in the context of local, with respect to the sequence, neighborhood and related concepts such as residue depth. We observe that the flexibility of a given residue is strongly influenced by the solvent accessibility of the adjacent neighbors. The mean normalized B‐factor of the exposed residues with two buried neighbors is smaller than that of the buried residues with two exposed neighbors. Inclusion of RSA of the neighboring residues (local RSA) significantly increases correlation with the B‐factor. Correlation between the local RSA and B‐factor is shown to be stronger than the correlation that considers local distance‐ or volume‐based residue depth. We also found that the correlation coefficients between B‐factor and RSA for the 20 amino acids, called flexibility‐exposure correlation index, are strongly correlated with the stability scale that characterizes the average contributions of each amino acid to the folding stability. Our results reveal that the predicted RSA could be used to distinguish between the disordered and ordered residues and that the inclusion of local predicted RSA values helps providing a better contrast between these two types of residues. Prediction models developed based on local actual RSA and local predicted RSA show similar or better results in the context of B‐factor and disorder predictions when compared with several existing approaches. We validate our models using three case studies, which show that this work provides useful clues for deciphering the structure–flexibility–function relation. Proteins 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Free‐energy profiles for ions in the influenza M2‐TMD channel
Authors: Mustafa Morad , Henderson Douglas J. , Busath David D. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractM2 transmembrane domain channel (M2‐TMD) permeation properties are studied using molecular dynamics simulations of M2‐TMD (1NYJ) embedded in a lipid bilayer (DMPC) with 1 mol/kg NaCl or KCl saline solution. This study allows examination of spontaneous cation and anion entry into the selectivity filter. Three titration states of the M2‐TMD tetramer are modeled for which the four His37 residues, forming the selectivity filter, are net uncharged, +2 charged, or +3 charged. M2‐TMD structural properties from our simulations are compared with the properties of other models extracted from NMR and X‐ray studies. During 10 ns simulations, chloride ions occasionally occupy the positively‐charged selectivity filter region, and from umbrella sampling simulations, Cl− has a lower free‐energy barrier in the selectivity‐filter region than either Na+ or NH, and NH has a lower free‐energy barrier than Na+. For Na+ and Cl−, the free‐energy barriers are less than 5 kcal/mol, suggesting that the 1NYJ conformation would probably not be exquisitely proton selective. We also point out a rotameric configuration of Trp41 that could fully occlude the channel. Proteins 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Quantum‐optical spectroscopy
Authors: Kira M. , Koch S. W. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe possibilities of quantum‐optical spectrocopy are explored theoretically on the basis of an analytically solvable Jaynes‐Cummings model. Like for semiconductors, thermal‐ and coherent‐state excitations produce drastically different mater excitation that can be characterized through the re‐radiation of light. The calculations show that matter dynamics can be sensitively monitored through distinct changes in the marginal quadrature distributions (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Characteristics of GaN‐based light emitting diode grown on circular convex patterned sapphire substrate
Authors: Oh Tae Su , Lee Yong Seok , Jeong Hyun , Kim Jan Di , Seo Tae Hun , Suh Eun‐Kyung 
Published: January 2009

AbstractWe report the characteristics of GaN‐based light‐emitting diode (LED) grown on a circular convex patterned sapphire substrate (CCPSS) and conventional LEDs on a non‐patterned sapphire substrate (PSS) by metal‐organic chemical vapor deposition. A near field scanning optical microscope (NSOM) and micro Raman spectroscopy were employed to investigate the crystalline properties. In NSOM image and spectra of LED on CCPSS, an improved crystalline quality with emission fluctuation feature on the trench region was obtained. However, stress relaxation in this trench region was not achieved due to the presence of voids, indicating a stress concentration at the coalescence region. Compared to conventional LED on non‐PSS, increased internal quantum efficiency (IQE) (41.8%) and reduced leakage currents (40 nA at ‐10 V) were observed in the LED fabricated on CCPSS. The light output power of the LED on CCPSS was approximately two times higher than that of a conventional LED. This enhancement of output power is contributed to increase of IQE and the effective suppression of leakage current by reduction of dislocation density, as well as enhanced light scattering via the circular convex facets. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Metallic nanoparticle array on GaN by microsphere lithography
Authors: Mak Giuseppe Y. , Fu W. Y. , Lam Edmund Y. , Choi H. W. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe optical characteristics of GaN blue‐light (peak wavelength at 440 nm) light‐emitting diode (LED) under the effect of localized surface plasmon (LSP) have been studied. Hexagonal arrays of triangular metallic nanoparticles deposited through a self‐assembled silica microsphere mask have been fabricated using vertical deposition. By comparing the PL spectra of samples coated with Au, Al and Ag nanoparticles, it is found that Ag nanoparticles offer the most pronounced PL enhancement. The resonance wavelength was determined from optical transmission and verified by theoretical calculations. These results provide a cost‐effective solution for improving the efficiency of LEDs. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
GaN‐on‐Si HEMT stress under high electric field condition
Authors: Marcon Denis , Lorenz Anne , Derluyn Joff , Das Jo , Medjdoub Farid , Cheng Kai , Degroote Stefan , Leys Maarten , Mertens Robert , Germain Marianne , Borghs Gustaaf 
Published: January 2009

AbstractNowadays, GaN‐on‐Si HEMTs (High Electron Mobility transistors) are receiving a lot of attention thanks to their impressive performance in terms of high current and voltage capabilities combined with a low production cost. Since the technology has matured, the reliability aspects have been initially investigated in order to prove the performances of these devices in the long term. In this work GaN‐on‐Si HEMTs were electrically stressed in pinched off condition while high voltages were applied on the drain side (high electric field condition). Transistors with and without in‐situ Si3N4 layer underneath the gate were tested, as well as a transistor with 1 μm field plate on each side, due to a T shaped gate.Both type of devices with and without Si3N4 under the gate showed the same failure mode: a sudden increase of the gate and drain leakage current. This excludes, in principle, the role of Si3N4 layer on the degradation mechanism involved. Possible explanations about the failure mechanism are compared and discussed. Finally, a preliminary test on the T‐shape gate technology showed no degradation after more than 500 hours under high electric field condition of stress, which include 282 hours in pinched off condition with the drain voltage fixed as high as 60 V. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Optical characterization of bulk GaN substrates with c ‐, a ‐, and m ‐plane surfaces
Authors: Paskov P. P. , Monemar B. , Paskova T. , Preble E. A. , Hanser A. D. , Evans K. R. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThick free‐standing GaN grown by hydride vapour phase epitaxy and epi‐ready substrates with c ‐, a ‐, m ‐plane surfaces are examined by variable‐temperature photoluminescence (PL), polarized PL and spatially resolved micro‐PL. Both as‐grown samples and polished substrates exhibit linewidth of the donor‐bound exciton emission below 0.7 meV at 2 K indicative of a high structural quality of the material. For as‐grown samples the relative intensity of green (2.4 eV) and red (1.8 eV) deep‐level‐defect emissions are found to decrease with increasing sample thickness. Based on plentiful two‐electron‐transition spectra measured in the samples the electronic fine structure of the donors and their bound‐exciton complexes was examined and discussed. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)