bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geographic variation in larval cold tolerance and exposure across the invasion front of a widely established forest insect
Authors: Hafker Petra , Thompson Lily M. , Walter Jonathan A. , Parry Dylan , Grayson Kristine L. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractUnder global climate change, high and low temperature extremes can drive shifts in species distributions. Across the range of a species, thermal tolerance is based on acclimatization, plasticity, and may undergo selection, shaping resilience to temperature stress. In this study, we measured variation in cold temperature tolerance of early instar larvae of an invasive forest insect, Lymantria dispar dispar L. (Lepidoptera: Erebidae), using populations sourced from a range of climates within the current introduced range in the Eastern United States. We tested for population differences in chill coma recovery (CCR) by measuring recovery time following a period of exposure to a nonlethal cold temperature in 2 cold exposure experiments. A 3rd experiment quantified growth responses after CCR to evaluate sublethal effects. Our results indicate that cold tolerance is linked to regional climate, with individuals from populations sourced from colder climates recovering faster from chill coma. While this geographic gradient is seen in many species, detecting this pattern is notable for an introduced species founded from a single point‐source introduction. We demonstrate that the cold temperatures used in our experiments occur in nature during cold spells after spring egg hatch, but impacts to growth and survival appear low. We expect that population differences in cold temperature performance manifest more from differences in temperature‐dependent growth than acute exposure. Evaluating intraspecific variation in cold tolerance increases our understanding of the role of climatic gradients on the physiology of an invasive species, and contributes to tools for predicting further expansion.
Introduction to the special issue: “Current challenges of corporate governance: Reputation, risk and sustainability”
Authors: García‐Olalla Myriam , Vázquez‐Ordás Camilo José 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn the modern business landscape, the challenges of corporate governance have become increasingly important. In particular, those related to reputation, risk, and sustainability are today crucial to the well‐being of both individual organizations and the global economy and society at large. For these reasons, corporate governance today plays a more important role than ever before in shaping the strategies and operations of companies.
Navigating conflicts of reproductive rights: Unbundling parenthood and balancing competing interests
Authors: Accoe Dorian , Pennings Guido 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAdvances in assisted reproductive technologies can give rise to several ethical challenges. One of these challenges occurs when the reproductive desires of two individuals become incompatible and conflict. To address such conflicts, it is important to unbundle different aspects of (non)parenthood and to recognize the corresponding reproductive rights. This article starts on the premise that the six reproductive rights—the right (not) to be a gestational, genetic, and social parent—are negative rights that do not entail a right to assistance. Since terminating or continuing a pregnancy is a form of assistance, the right (not) to be a gestational parent should enjoy primacy in conflicts. However, while refusing assistance may hinder the reproductive project of another person, “prior assistance” does not entitle someone to violate a reproductive right. Therefore, our analysis provides reasons to argue that someone has a right to unilaterally use cryopreserved embryos or continue the development of an entity in an extracorporeal gestative environment (i.e., ectogestation). Although this could lead to a violation of the right not to be a genetic parent, it does not necessarily entail a violation of the right not to be a social parent.
Empowering student self‐regulated learning and science education through ChatGPT: A pioneering pilot study
Authors: Ng Davy Tsz Kit , Tan Chee Wei , Leung Jac Ka Lok 
Published: March 2024

In recent years, AI technologies have been developed to promote students' self‐regulated learning (SRL) and proactive learning in digital learning environments. This paper discusses a comparative study between generative AI‐based (SRLbot) and rule‐based AI chatbots (Nemobot) in a 3‐week science learning experience with 74 Secondary 4 students in Hong Kong. The experimental group used SRLbot to maintain a regular study habit and facilitate their SRL, while the control group utilized rule‐based AI chatbots. Results showed that SRLbot effectively enhanced students' science knowledge, behavioural engagement and motivation. Quantile regression analysis indicated that the number of interactions significantly predicted variations in SRL. Students appreciated the personalized recommendations and flexibility of SRLbot, which adjusted responses based on their specific learning and SRL scenarios. The ChatGPT‐enhanced instructional design reduced learning anxiety and promoted learning performance, motivation and sustained learning habits. Students' feedback on learning challenges, psychological support and self‐regulation behaviours provided insights into their progress and experience with this technology. SRLbot's adaptability and personalized approach distinguished it from rule‐based chatbots. The findings offer valuable evidence for AI developers and educators to consider generative AI settings and chatbot design, facilitating greater success in online science learning.
Practitioner notesWhat is already known about this topic

AI technologies have been used to support student self‐regulated learning (SRL) across subjects.
SRL has been identified as an important aspect of student learning that can be developed through technological support.
Generative AI technologies like ChatGPT have shown potential for enhancing student learning by providing personalized guidance and feedback.
What this paper adds

This paper reports on a case study that specifically examines the effectiveness of ChatGPT in promoting SRL among secondary students.
The study provides evidence that ChatGPT can enhance students' science knowledge, motivation and SRL compared to a rule‐based AI chatbot.
The study offers insights into how ChatGPT can be used as a tool to facilitate SRL and promote sustained learning habits.
Implications for practice and/or policy

The findings of this study suggest that educators should consider the potential of ChatGPT and other generative AI technologies to support student learning and SRL.
Educators and students should be aware of the limitations of AI technologies and ensure that they are used appropriately to generate desired responses.
It is also important to equip teachers and students with AI competencies to enable them to use AI for learning and teaching.
How Do Child Welfare Workers Understand and Practice Child Participation?
Authors: Skauge Berit , Storhaug Anita S. 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACTChild participation is strongly emphasized as a value and a right in the Norwegian child welfare (CW) system. Based on focus group interviews with 24 CW employees, we explore how CW workers understand and practice child participation in various work phases: assessment; supportive measures in the home; out‐of‐home placements. Two main forms of participation were identified: indirect participation, where the child is observed or communicates with other professionals, and direct participation, where the child speaks to a CW worker. The topics of conversations with children are divided into two categories: general topics regarding the child's everyday life and CW‐related topics, associated with the case and the child's situation. CW workers' understandings of children's participation provide the basis for the form and content of participation offered and lead to the child being assigned various positions. This ranges from direct participation where the child is positioned as the primary participant in direct interaction about their situation to indirect participation where the child is represented or observed by adults. We argue for a more nuanced understanding of what child participation implies and increased awareness of how different forms and contexts affect opportunities for children's participation.
Do we speak one language on the way to sustainable soil management in Europe? A terminology check via an EU‐wide survey
Authors: Weninger Thomas , Ramler David , Bondi Giulia , Asins Sabina , O'Sullivan Lilian , Assennato Francesca , Astover Alar , Bispo Antonio , Borůvka Luboš , Buttafuoco Gabriele , Calzolari Costanza , Castanheira Nádia , Cousin Isabelle , van den Elsen Erik , Foldal Cecilie , Hessel Rudi , Kadžiulienė Žydrė , Kukk Liia , Molina Maria J. , Montagne David , Oorts Katrien , Pindral Sylwia , Ungaro Fabrizio , Klimkowicz‐Pawlas Agnieszka 
Published: March 2024

AbstractEuropean soils are under increasing pressure, making it difficult to maintain the provision of soil ecosystem services (SESs). A better understanding of soil processes is needed to counteract soil threats (STs) and to promote sustainable soil management. The EJP SOIL programme of the EU provides a framework for the necessary research. However, different definitions of soil‐related terms potentially lead to varied understandings of concepts. Furthermore, there are numerous indicators available to quantify STs or SESs. As unclear communication is a key barrier that hinders the implementation of research results into practice, this study aimed to answer the question about whether the terminology of large‐scale initiatives is adequately understood within the soil‐science community and non‐research stakeholders. An online questionnaire was used to provide definitions for 33 soil‐related terms in both scientific and plain language, as well as indicators for seven SESs and 11 STs. Participants were asked to rate their agreement with the definitions and indicators on a seven‐grade Likert scale. The level of agreement was calculated as the percentage of ratings above 4, the neutral position. The survey was available from June to September 2023 and was distributed by a snowball approach. More than 260 stakeholders assessed the survey; 70% of respondents were researchers, and 15% were practitioners. Mean agreement levels for the definitions and indicators were generally high, at 85% and 78% respectively. However, it was apparent that the lowest agreement was found for terms that are relatively new, such as Ecosystem Services and Bundle, or unfamiliar for certain subgroups, such as ecological terms for stakeholders working at the farm scale. Due to their distinct majority, the results of this study primarily reflect the opinions of scientists. Thus, broad conclusions can only be drawn by comparing scientists with non‐scientists. In this regard, the agreement was surprisingly high across all types of questions. The combined outcomes indicate that there is still a need to facilitate communication between stakeholders and to improve knowledge distribution strategies. Nevertheless, this study can support and be used by future projects and programmes, especially regarding the harmonization of terminology and methods.
SAFE: Unsupervised image feature extraction using self‐attention based feature extraction network
Authors: Choi Yeoung Je , Lee Gyeong Taek , Kim Chang Ouk 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe ability to extract high‐quality features from data is critical for machine learning applications. With the development of deep learning, various methods have been developed for image feature extraction, and unsupervised techniques have gained popularity due to their ability to operate without response variables. Autoencoders with encoder–decoder architectures are a common example of such techniques, but they are limited by a lack of proportional relationship between model reconstruction and encoder feature extraction performance. If the decoder is composed of multiple layers and mapping to a higher dimension is easier, the feature extraction performance of the encoder is likely to decrease. However, previous research has not adequately addressed this limitation. This study identifies the limitations of conventional unsupervised feature extraction techniques that utilize the encoder–decoder architecture, and proposes a novel feature extraction technique called SAFE, which utilizes a self‐attention mechanism to eliminate decoder effects and improve the performance of encoder. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed model, we conducted experiments using diverse datasets (MNIST, Fashion MNIST, SVHN, and WM811K). The results of the experiments demonstrated that our proposed method exhibited, on average, 2%–10% higher performance in terms of accuracy and F‐measure compared to the existing feature extraction techniques in the classification problem. While our research has limitations, specifically in its applicability only to the selection of image features, future studies should be undertaken to explore its potential application in various fields.
Preventing Subsidence Reoccurrence in Tianjin: New Preconsolidation Head and Safe Pumping Buffer
Authors: Wang Kuan , Wang Guoquan , Bao Yan , Su Guangli , Wang Yong , Shen Qiang , Zhang Yongwei , Wang Haigang 
Published: March 2024

AbstractTianjin, a coastal metropolis in north China, has grappled with land subsidence for nearly a century. Yet, emerging evidence suggests a notable decrease in subsidence rates across Tianjin since 2019. This trend is primarily attributed to the importation of surface water from the Yangtze River system via the South‐to‐North Water Diversion Project, initiated in December 2014. Utilizing Sentinel‐1A Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) data (2014–2023), this study reveals that one‐third of the Tianjin plain has either halted subsidence or experienced land rebound. As a result, the deep aquifer system (~−200 to −450 m) beneath one third of the Tianjin plain has completed a consolidation cycle, leading to the establishment of new, locally specific preconsolidation heads. The identification of the newly established preconsolidation head seeks to answer a crucial question: How can we prevent the reoccurrence of subsidence in areas where it has already ceased? In essence, subsidence will stop when the local hydraulic head elevates to the new preconsolidation head (NPCH), and permanent subsidence will not be reinitiated as long as hydraulic head remains above the NPCH. The difference of the depth between current hydraulic head and the NPCH defines the safe pumping buffer (SPB). This study outlines detailed methods for identifying the NPCHs in the deep aquifer system from long‐term InSAR and groundwater‐level datasets. Determining NPCHs and ascertaining SPBs are crucial for estimating how much groundwater can be safely extracted without inducing permanent subsidence, and for developing sustainable strategies for long‐term groundwater management and conservation.
The expectations and experiences of patients regarding the diagnostic workup at a specialized memory clinic: An interview study
Authors: Aspö Malin , Sundell Maria , Protsiv Myroslava , Wiggenraad Fleur , Rydén Marie , Mangialasche Francesca , Kivipelto Miia , Visser Leonie N. C. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundBecause of the shift towards earlier diagnosis of dementia and/or Alzheimer's disease (AD), increasing numbers of individuals with subjective cognitive decline (SCD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) are seen in memory clinics. Yet, evidence indicates that there is room for improvement when it comes to tailoring of the diagnostic work‐up to the needs of individual patients. To optimize the quality of care, we explored patients' perspectives regarding the diagnostic work‐up at a specialized memory clinic.MethodsThis interview study was conducted at Karolinska University Hospital (Sweden). The comprehensive diagnostic work‐up for dementia at the memory clinic in Solna is conducted within 1 week. A sample of 15 patients (8 female; mean age = 61 years [range 50–72]; 11 SCD, 1 MCI and 3 AD dementia) was purposively selected for a series of three semistructured interviews, focussing on (1) needs and expectations (during the week of diagnostic testing), (2) experiences (within 2 weeks after test‐result disclosure) and (3) reflections and evaluation (3 months after disclosure). Transcribed audio‐recorded data were analyzed using thematic content analysis (using MaxQDA software).ResultsThree key themes were identified: (1) the expectations and motivations of individuals for visiting the memory clinic strongly impacted their experience; (2) the diagnostic work‐up impacted individuals psychosocially and (3) the diagnostic work‐up provided an opportunity to motivate individuals to adopt a healthier lifestyle.ConclusionOur findings underscore the importance of enquiring about the expectations and needs of individuals referred to a specialized memory clinic, allowing for expectation management and personalization of provided information/advice, and potentially informing the selection of patients in need of a comprehensive diagnostic work‐up. Structural guidance might be needed to support those with SCD and MCI to help them cope with uncertainty, potentially resolve their issues, and/or stimulate brain health.Patient or Public ContributionWe gathered the perspectives of 15 individuals who had been referred to the memory clinic at three different time points through semistructured interviews, and these interviews were the primary data source.
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia with pseudo‐Chediak‐Higashi granules in the initial diagnosis and relapse
Authors: Li Rongjie , Xia Shimei , Liao Yingyan , Zhou Bailing 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPseudo‐Chediak‐Higashi granules are large cytoplasmic inclusions commonly encountered in myeloblasts or other myeloid precursors in acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndromes. However, pseudo‐Chediak‐Higashi granules are rarely found in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). We present the case of an 8‐year‐old boy who was diagnosed with ALL with pseudo‐Chediak‐Higashi granules in the initial diagnosis and relapse, acting like a characteristic marker.
Audit partner style and financial statement comparability: New evidence from the US market
Authors: Frost Tracie , He Zhijian Chris , Luo Xin , Stice Derrald 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWe explore the influence of individual audit partner style on financial statement comparability in a US setting using newly available data. We find evidence of an audit partner style effect on comparability incremental to audit firm and audit office effects. Our results are consistent across several comparability measures and are economically significant. For example, the audit partner effect is associated with a 12.59% decrease in the mean difference in abnormal accruals compared with a 4.4% decrease for firm pairs audited by the same Big 4 audit office. We also find that audit partner expertise and experience have a greater influence on comparability than audit office expertise and experience. Our results are consistent in endogeneity and robustness tests including (1) auditor switching tests, (2) entropy balancing, (3) placebo tests and (4) controlling for clients’ economic similarity. Our results suggest that the association between audit partner style and financial statement comparability persists in highly regulatory environments and corroborate the PCAOB's intuition that the role of the engagement partner “is of singular importance” to the outcome of the audit (PCAOB 2011).
Co‐opted cytosolic proteins form condensate substructures within membranous replication organelles of a positive‐strand RNA virus
Authors: Lin Wenwu , Nagy Peter D. 
Published: March 2024

Summary

Positive‐strand RNA viruses co‐opt organellar membranes for biogenesis of viral replication organelles (VROs). Tombusviruses also co‐opt pro‐viral cytosolic proteins to VROs. It is currently not known what type of molecular organization keeps co‐opted proteins sequestered within membranous VROs.

In this study, we employed tomato bushy stunt virus (TBSV) and carnation Italian ringspot virus (CIRV) – Nicotiana benthamiana pathosystems to identify biomolecular condensate formation in VROs.

We show that TBSV p33 and the CIRV p36 replication proteins sequester glycolytic and fermentation enzymes in unique condensate substructures associated with membranous VROs. We find that p33 and p36 form droplets in vitro driven by intrinsically disordered region. The replication protein organizes partitioning of co‐opted host proteins into droplets. VRO‐associated condensates are critical for local adenosine triphosphate production to support energy for virus replication. We find that co‐opted endoplasmic reticulum membranes and actin filaments form meshworks within and around VRO condensates, contributing to unique composition and structure. We propose that p33/p36 organize liquid–liquid phase separation of co‐opted concentrated host proteins in condensate substructures within membranous VROs.

Overall, we demonstrate that subverted membranes and condensate substructures co‐exist and are critical for VRO functions. The replication proteins induce and connect the two substructures within VROs.
The miR6445‐NAC029 module regulates drought tolerance by regulating the expression of glutathione S‐transferase U23 and reactive oxygen species scavenging in Populus
Authors: Niu Meng‐Xue , Feng Cong‐Hua , He Fang , Zhang Han , Bao Yu , Liu Shu‐Jing , Liu Xiao , Su Yanyan , Liu Chao , Wang Hou‐Ling , Yin Weilun , Xia Xinli 
Published: March 2024

Summary

MicroRNAs are essential in plant development and stress resistance, but their specific roles in drought stress require further investigation.

Here, we have uncovered that a Populus‐specific microRNAs (miRNA), miR6445, targeting NAC (NAM, ATAF, and CUC) family genes, is involved in regulating drought tolerance of poplar.

The expression level of miR6445 was significantly upregulated under drought stress; concomitantly, seven targeted NAC genes showed significant downregulation. Silencing the expression of miR6445 by short tandem target mimic technology significantly decreased the drought tolerance in poplar. Furthermore, 5′ RACE experiments confirmed that miR6445 directly targeted NAC029. The overexpression lines of PtrNAC029 (OE‐NAC029) showed increased sensitivity to drought compared with knockout lines (Crispr‐NAC029), consistent with the drought‐sensitive phenotype observed in miR6445‐silenced strains. PtrNAC029 was further verified to directly bind to the promoters of glutathione S‐transferase U23 (GSTU23) and inhibit its expression. Both Crispr‐NAC029 and PtrGSTU23 overexpressing plants showed higher levels of PtrGSTU23 transcript and GST activity while accumulating less reactive oxygen species (ROS). Moreover, poplars overexpressing GSTU23 demonstrated enhanced drought tolerance.

Taken together, our research reveals the crucial role of the miR6445‐NAC029‐GSTU23 module in enhancing poplar drought tolerance by regulating ROS homeostasis. This finding provides new molecular targets for improving the drought resistance of trees.