bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of Discrete Choice Models to Predict White Crappie Temperature Selection in Two Missouri Impoundments
Authors: Bajer Przemyslaw G. , Millspaugh Joshua J. , Hayward Robert S. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractTemperature selection by white crappiePomoxis annularisover 24 h was determined in two Missouri impoundments, Little Dixie Lake and Rocky Fork Lake, on six and five dates, respectively, during June‐August 2001 using temperature‐sensitive radio transmitters. Temperature and dissolved oxygen (DO) profiles showed that the habitable portions of the upper water columns associated with fish locations varied by as much as 6°C in temperature. The habitable portions of water columns were subdivided into three strata (warm, moderate, and cool) such that each stratum covered an equivalent temperature range (≤2°C). Discrete choice models (DCMs) were developed for each impoundment to predict the relative probabilities of white crappies selecting the different strata in response to stratum height, DO concentration, average temperature throughout the habitable water column (AVG), and fish weight. For each impoundment, a distinct DCM containing AVG as the sole predictor variable was most supported by the data. Cross‐verification indicated that the DCMs accurately predicted white crappie thermal strata selection within the impoundments for which they were developed but that they were inaccurate when applied across the impoundments. The DCM for Little Dixie Lake predicted that white crappies mostly select warm strata at AVGs less than 27°C and mostly select cool strata at AVGs of 27°C or more. In contrast, the DCM for Rocky Fork Lake predicted that white crappies continue to select warm strata until AVGs reach 30°C, select moderate strata at AVGs of 30–32°C, and select cool strata only when AVGs exceed 32°C. The predicted mean daily thermal experiences of the white crappies in each impoundment, obtained by multiplying the relative selection probabilities for the different strata by the average temperatures in those strata, remained within 0.5°C of the mean of observed temperatures experienced by white crappies. These findings indicate that discrete choice modeling provides a novel and effective approach for predicting the daily thermal experiences of fish.
Evolution of Mitochondrial DNA Variation within and among Yukon River Chum Salmon Populations
Authors: Flannery Blair G. , Wenburg John K. , Gharrett Anthony J. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractWe surveyed seven regions of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) genome for restriction site variation to investigate the evolution of genetic variability in chum salmon Oncorhynchus keta from the Yukon River. Chum salmon from other Alaska regions were also analyzed to provide context for mtDNA variation. No divergence was observed in mtDNA haplotype frequency distributions among Yukon River populations, but divergence was observed across Alaska. The haplotype genealogy identified two lineages, and nested clade analysis revealed significant relationships between the geographical distribution of haplotypes and their genealogy for a two‐step clade (which predominates in the Yukon River), a three‐step clade, and for the total cladogram. The demographic signal detected for the two‐step clade was consistent with isolation by distance, whereas contiguous range expansion was identified for the three‐step clade and the total cladogram. The absence of signals of historical fragmentation suggests that incomplete lineage sorting is responsible for paraphyly within the Yukon River. Mismatch analysis reveals either that an ancestral Yukon River population underwent a post‐Pleistocene expansion followed by subdivision or that expansion and subdivision coincided. Although restriction site analysis of mtDNA is of limited use for Yukon River chum salmon fishery management applications (e.g., mixed‐stock analysis), it is useful for separating population history from contemporary processes and aids our understanding of Yukon River chum salmon evolution.
Validation of Endoscopy for Determination of Maturity in Small Salmonids and Sex of Mature Individuals
Authors: Swenson Erica A. , Rosenberger Amanda E. , Howell Philip J. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractFish maturity status, sex ratio, and age and size at first maturity are important parameters in population assessments and life history studies. In most empirical studies of these variables, fish are sacrificed and dissected to obtain data. However, maturity status and the sex of mature individuals can be determined by inserting an endoscope through a small incision in the body cavity wall and viewing the gonads. The objective of this study was to evaluate endoscopy in a field setting for gonadal assessment of stream‐resident forms of salmonids that mature at small sizes. Ninety‐one brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis (60–210 mm fork length [FL]) were obtained via electrofishing and anesthetized. Maturity status and sex of mature individuals were determined with an endoscope. After recovery, individuals were euthanized with anesthetic and were dissected to validate the endoscopic classification. Endoscopy correctly determined the maturity status and sex of mature individuals for 96% of the brook trout; the highest accuracy was observed for the smallest (60‐70 mm FL) and largest (>140 mm FL) individuals examined. In the misclassifications, visceral fat hampered visibility and was mistaken for mature testes. Immediate postprocedure mortality was 3.3% and was limited to individuals smaller than 70 mm FL. Endoscopy is a useful technique that can be used in field settings to assess maturity status and sex of mature fish with a low rate of immediate mortality.
Movement Responses of Stream Fishes to Introduced Corridors of Complex Cover
Authors: Roberts James H. , Angermeier Paul L. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractAlthough the efficacy and design of terrestrial movement corridors have received considerable attention, the potential role of corridors in connecting stream habitats has not. We studied the movements of three benthic species of fish, fantail darters Etheostoma flabellare, riverweed darters E. podostemone, and Roanoke darters Percina roanoka, among suitable mesohabitat patches (i.e., riffles) through adjacent, less suitable pools in the South Fork Roanoke River, Virginia. We constructed movement corridors of overhead cover in four pools and compared rates of movement through these pools with those through four control pools without corridors. Movement rates were significantly greater through pools with corridors than through control pools for riverweed and Roanoke darters but equivalent through connected and unconnected pools for fantail darters. Interspecific differences in microhabitat use may have been responsible for the observed variability in corridor effects. Our results suggest that intact movement corridors can enhance the persistence of stream fish populations by connecting patchily distributed favorable habitats but that the characteristics of functional corridors may vary, even between closely related species.
Seasonal Trends in Abundance and Size of Juvenile American Shad, Hickory Shad, and Blueback Herring in the St. Johns River, Florida, and Comparison with Historical Data
Authors: Trippel Nicholas A. , Allen Micheal S. , McBride Richard S. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractAmerican shad Alosa sapidissima, hickory shad A. mediocris, and blueback herring A. aestivalis spawn in Florida's St. Johns River during winter and spring, and juveniles migrate out of the estuary during the following fall. We assessed the temporal trends of juvenile relative abundance and size as each species moved downstream past Palatka, Florida, and compared these values to historical data from the system. Juveniles were collected from April 2004 to March 2005 primarily with surface trawling at night and with supplemental daytime electrofishing. Relatively few juveniles were collected by trawl (23 American shad, 7 hickory shad, and 36 blueback herring) or by electrofishing (55 American shad, 4 hickory shad, and 179 blueback herring). Trawl catch rates were highest in autumn, and electrofishing catch rates were highest in autumn and early winter. Both sampling methods caught juveniles at similar sizes. The surface trawl catch rates of juvenile American shad in 2004 and 2005 were not significantly different from comparable historical catch rates for 1969 and 1970, suggesting similar overall juvenile recruitment levels. Trawl collections were sufficient to document the seasonal downstream migration of shad juveniles. However, given the low catch rates, we found electrofishing to be a useful alternative method for describing seasonal abundance and habitat use by juvenile shad.
Growth and characterization of pulsed laser deposited ZnO thin films
Authors: Vincze Andrej , Bruncko Jaroslav , Michalka Miroslav , Figura Daniel 
Published: June 2007

AbstractOne of the most important and promising materials from metal oxides is ZnO with specific properties for near UV emission and absorption optical devices. The properties of ZnO thin films strongly depend on the deposition method. Among them, pulsed laser deposition (PLD) plays an important role for preparing various kinds of ZnO films, e.g. doped, undoped, monocrystalline, and polycrystalline. Different approaches — ablation of sintered ZnO pellets or pure metallic Zn as target material are described. This contribution is comparing properties of ZnO thin films deposited from pure Zn target in oxygen atmosphere and those deposited from sintered ZnO target. There is a close connection between final thin film properties and PLD conditions. The surface properties of differently grown ZnO thin films are measured by secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Furthermore, different approaches — ablation of sintered ZnO pellet or pure metallic Zn as target materials are described. The main results characterize typical properties of ZnO films versus technological parameters are presented.
Probiotics and prebiotics — renaissance of a therapeutic principle
Authors: Fric Premysl 
Published: June 2007

Abstract
Probiotics are nonpathogenic microorganisms mostly of human origin which, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the host and enable to prevent or improve some diseases. Probiotics may be a natural temporary constituent of the resident intestinal microflora, but their concentration is not sufficient for therapeutic purposes. The microbiota, the intestinal epithelium, and the mucosal immune system constitute the gastrointestinal ecosystem. All three components are essential for complete functional and developmental maturity of the system. The viability of intestinal microflora (including probiotic strains) requires the availability of nutritional substrates (prebiotics), i.e. various types of fiber and oligosaccharides. Prebiotics are cleaved by microbial enzymes to numerous substances (short-chain fatty acids, aminoacids, polyamines, growth factors, vitamins and antioxidants) indispensable for metabolic and functional activities of the intestinal mucosa. The principal probiotics in use include lactobacilli, bifidobacteria, some nonpathogenic strains of Escherichia coli, and Saccharomyces boulardii. These microbiota display favourable effects which qualify them for therapeutic use. For this purpose, probiotics have to fulfill a series of requirements verifying their efficacy and safety. Experimental and clinical studies examine the prerequisites for the administration of probiotics in digestive diseases, allergic and atopic affections, as well as in some extraintestinal conditions. Future goals of probiotic application include genomic analysis, controlled postnatal colonisation of the digestive tract, the use of probiotics as carriers of peroral vaccines, and recombinant probiotics with in-situ production and targeted application of therapeutic molecules.
Temporal and Spatial Gait Characteristics of Children With Hurler Syndrome After Umbilical Cord Blood Transplantation
Authors: Dusing Stacey C , Thorpe Deborah E , Mercer Vicki S , Rosenberg Angela E , Poe Michele D , Escolar Maria L 
Published: June 2007

Background and Purpose: Recent medical advances are increasing the life expectancy of children with Hurler syndrome; however, little is known about the motor abilities of children who have received these medical interventions. The purpose of this study was to describe the temporal and spatial gait parameters of children with Hurler syndrome following umbilical cord blood transplantation (UCBT) in reference to gait parameters of children with typical development.Subjects: The group with Hurler syndrome consisted of 18 children between 19.6 and 96.8 months of age who were examined 1 to 4 times between 2.9 and 72.2 months after UCBT. Four hundred thirty-eight children with typical development between the ages of 14.4 and 131.8 months served as a comparison group.Methods: Temporal and spatial gait parameters were assessed using a GAITRite electronic walkway. Step length, gait speed, and cadence were normalized for body stature.Results: Children with Hurler syndrome had slower gait speeds and shorter step lengths than children with typical development at 2 and 3 years of age. Time since transplantation was a predictor of gait speed and step length.Discussion and Conclusions: Children with Hurler syndrome after UCBT were delayed in maturation of temporal and spatial gait parameters.
Derivation and Characterization of Nonhuman Primate Embryonic Stem Cells
Authors: Navara Christopher S. , Redinger Carrie , Mich‐Basso Jocelyn , Oliver Stacie , Ben‐Yehudah Ahmi , Castro Carlos , Simerly Calvin 
Published: June 2007

AbstractEmbryonic stem (ES) cells are a powerful research tool enabling the generation of mice with custom genetics, the study of the earliest stages of mammalian differentiation in vitro and, with the isolation of human ES cells, the potential of cell‐based therapies for a number of diseases including Parkinson's and Type 1 diabetes. ES cells isolated from nonhuman primates (nhpES cells) offer the opportunity to ethically test the developmental potential of primate ES cells in chimeric offspring. If these cells have similar potency to mouse ES cells, this may open a new era of primate models of human disease. Nonhuman primates are the perfect model system for the preclinical testing of ES cell–derived therapies. In this unit, we describe methods for the derivation and characterization of nonhuman primate ES cells. With these protocols, the investigator will be able to isolate nhpES cells and perform the necessary tests to confirm the pluripotent phenotype. Curr. Protoc. Stem Cell Biol. 1:1A.1.1‐1A.1.21. © 2007 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Isolation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Amniotic Fluid and Placenta
Authors: Steigman Shaun A. , Fauza Dario O. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractDiverse progenitor cell populations, including mesenchymal, hematopoietic, trophoblastic, and possibly more primitive stem cells can be isolated from the amniotic fluid and the placenta. At least some of the amniotic and placental cells share a common origin, namely the inner cell mass of the morula. Indeed, most types of progenitor cells that can be isolated from these two sources share many characteristics. This unit will focus solely on the mesenchymal stem cells, the most abundant progenitor cell population found therein and, unlike some of the other stem cell types, present all through gestation. Protocols for isolation, expansion, freezing, and thawing of these cells are presented. Preference is given to the simplest methods available for any given procedure. Curr. Protoc. Stem Cell Biol. 1:1E.2.1‐1E.2.12. © 2007 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Inter‐method agreement between O*NET and survey measures of psychosocial exposure among healthcare industry employees
Authors: Cifuentes Manuel , Boyer Jon , Gore Rebecca , d'Errico Angelo , Tessler Jamie , Scollin Patrick , Lerner Debra , Kriebel David , Punnett Laura , Slatin Craig 
Published: June 2007

AbstractBackgroundImputed job characteristics had been used as proxy of exposure to working conditions. O*NET database provides job information that could be useful to evaluate psychosocial working conditions.MethodsConsistency and total agreement between O*NET and self‐reported psychosocial exposure (demand/control (DC), effort/reward (ER) proxy models, and emotional labor scale) were compared between healthcare specific (12 occupations, 215 workers) and other jobs (12 occupations, 146 workers).ResultsFor dimensions of the DC and ER models, Spearman correlation and ICC coefficients were, in general, consistently high (ICC = 0.61 for decision latitude, 0.41 for rewards, 0.53 for ER ratio, and lower for others), particularly in the healthcare specific jobs.ConclusionO*NET and questionnaire based psychosocial indicators showed a good job level agreement particularly on healthcare specific jobs. O*NET may be a useful source of job level psychosocial exposure, especially for the DC and ER models, for healthcare occupations within these types of facilities. Am. J. Ind. Med. 50:545–553, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Congenital lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection: spectrum of disease
Authors: Bonthius Daniel J. , Wright Rhonda , Tseng Brian , Barton Leslie , Marco Elysa , Karacay Bahri , Larsen Paul D. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractObjectiveLymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) is a human pathogen and an emerging neuroteratogen. When the infection occurs during pregnancy, the virus can target and damage the fetal brain and retina. We examined the spectrum of clinical presentations, neuroimaging findings, and clinical outcomes of children with congenital LCMV infection.MethodsTwenty children with serologically confirmed congenital LCMV infection were identified. The children underwent neuroimaging studies and were followed prospectively for up to 11 years.ResultsAll children with congenital LCMV infection had chorioretinitis and structural brain anomalies. However, the presenting clinical signs, severity of vision disturbance, nature and location of neuropathology, and character and severity of brain dysfunction varied substantially among cases. Neuroimaging abnormalities included microencephaly, periventricular calcifications, ventriculomegaly, pachygyria, cerebellar hypoplasia, porencephalic cysts, periventricular cysts, and hydrocephalus. The combination of microencephaly and periventricular calcifications was the most common neuroimaging abnormality, and all children with this combination had profound mental retardation, epilepsy, and cerebral palsy. However, others had less severe neuroimaging abnormalities and better outcomes. Some children had isolated cerebellar hypoplasia, with jitteriness as their presenting sign and ataxia as their principal long‐term neurological dysfunction.InterpretationCongenital LCMV infection can have diverse presenting signs, neuroimaging abnormalities, and clinical outcomes. In the companion article to this study, we utilize an animal model to show that the clinical and pathological diversity in congenital LCMV infection is likely due to differences in the gestational timing of infection. Ann Neurol 2007
Effects of microwaves and hyperthermia on capping of antigen‐antibody complexes on the surface of normal mouse B lymphocytes
Authors: Sultan Michel F. , Cain Charles A. , Tompkins Wayne A. F. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractNormal mouse B lymphocytes were tested for the ability to cap plasma membrane antigenantibody complexes following exposure to 2.45‐GHz continuous wave (CW) microwaves at power densities up to 100 mW/cm2 (45 W/kg specific absorption rate), at 37, 41, and 42.5 °C. After a 30‐minute treatment, the irradiated cells and the nonirradiated controls were tested for capping by the direct immunofluorescence technique. First, the cells were incubated for nine minutes at 37 °C with fluorescein isothiocyanate‐conjugated goat antimouse immunoglobulin. After fixing and washing, the percentage of capped cells was determined under a fluorescence microscope. The results show that for the nonirradiated controls, capping is reduced from 90% at 37 °C, to 52% 41 °C. to less than 5% for cells that were pretreated at 42.5 °C. There was no significant difference between the microwave‐treated cells and the controls when both were maintained at the same temperature. In another experiment, there was no significant difference in the percentage of capping between controls and cells that were exposed to microwave radiation during capping, when the temperature in both preparations was kept at 38.5 °C. The results demonstrate that B‐lymphocyte capping is sensitive to temperature in the range that is proposed for use in tumor therapy.
Behavioral detection of 60‐Hz electric fields by rats
Authors: Stern Sander , Laties Victor G. , Stancampiano Charles V. , Cox Christopher , de Lorge John O. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractRats partially deprived of food were trained individually to press a lever in the presence of a vertical, 60‐Hz electric field and not to press in its absence. Correct detections that occurred during brief, 3‐ or 4‐s trials occasionally produced a food pellet. The probability of detecting the field was found to increase as field strength increased. The threshold of detection, ie, the field strength required for detections at a probability of 0.5 after correction for errors, was generally between 4 and 10 kV/m. The range of field strengths between almost zero and almost 100% correctness of detection was approximately 8 kV/m. A logistic function provided a good description of the increase in the detection probability with increasing field strength. These performances occurred reliably in 19 rats, some of which were studied for 2 years. Control procedures showed that the behavior required that the rat be in the electric field; the behavior was not controlled by any of several potentially confounding variables.
Effects of magnetic field exposure on fertilization success in rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri
Authors: Strand J. A. , Abernethy C. S. , Skalski J. R. , Genoway R. G. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe sensitivity of trout ova and sperm to 1‐T magnetic fields was investigated. It was determined that (1) overall test results combining seven independent Z‐statistics demonstrated a significant (α < 0.0001) enhancement of fertilization when ova alone were exposed to the magnetic field prior to fertilization; (2) similarly, overall test results combining Z‐statistics from eight independent experiments indicated a significant (α < 0.0004) enhancement when sperm alone were exposed; and (3) statistical analysis of nine independent experiments confirmed enhanced fertilization (α < 0.0001) when both ova and sperm were exposed to the magnetic field prior to fertilization. Although these data indicated that both ova and sperm were sensitive to magnetic fields, simultaneous exposure of both gametes did not have a greater total effect on fertilization rate than the sum of their individual effects.
Brief report: Using stress management to decrease inappropriate behavior in a brain injured adult
Authors: Zencius Arnie , Wesolowski Michael D. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractA 28‐year‐old head‐injured female displayed a great deal of impatience and agitation. She would elope (run away) whenever she became agitated. A simple three‐step stress management program was taught to her to increase her self‐control. It included: (a) identification of a stressful state; (b) removal of herself from that environment; and (c) self‐initiation of relaxation. This procedure resulted in immediate decreases in elopements.