bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Catastrophic payments for health care in Asia
Authors: van Doorslaer Eddy , O'Donnell Owen , Rannan‐Eliya Ravindra P. , Somanathan Aparnaa , Adhikari Shiva Raj , Garg Charu C. , Harbianto Deni , Herrin Alejandro N. , Huq Mohammed Nazmul , Ibragimova Shamsia , Karan Anup , Lee Tae‐Jin , Leung Gabriel M. , Lu Jui‐Fen Rachel , Ng Chiu Wan , Pande Badri Raj , Racelis Rachel , Tao Sihai , Tin Keith , Tisayaticom Kanjana , Trisnantoro Laksono , Vasavid Chitpranee , Zhao Yuxin 
Published: February 2007

AbstractOut‐of‐pocket (OOP) payments are the principal means of financing health care throughout much of Asia. We estimate the magnitude and distribution of OOP payments for health care in fourteen countries and territories accounting for 81% of the Asian population. We focus on payments that are catastrophic, in the sense of severely disrupting household living standards, and approximate such payments by those absorbing a large fraction of household resources. Bangladesh, China, India, Nepal and Vietnam rely most heavily on OOP financing and have the highest incidence of catastrophic payments. Sri Lanka, Thailand and Malaysia stand out as low to middle income countries that have constrained both the OOP share of health financing and the catastrophic impact of direct payments. In most low/middle‐income countries, the better‐off are more likely to spend a large fraction of total household resources on health care. This may reflect the inability of the poorest of the poor to divert resources from other basic needs and possibly the protection of the poor from user charges offered in some countries. But in China, Kyrgyz and Vietnam, where there are no exemptions of the poor from charges, they are as, or even more, likely to incur catastrophic payments. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Population ageing and health care expenditure: a school of ‘red herrings’?
Authors: Werblow Andreas , Felder Stefan , Zweifel Peter 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis paper revisits the debate on the ‘red herring’, viz. the claim that population ageing will not have a significant impact on health care expenditure (HCE). It decomposes HCE into seven components, includes both survivors and deceased individuals, and estimates a two‐part model of the demand for health care services, using a large Swiss data set for 1999. It finds no or weak age effects on HCE for the components of HCE when proximity to death is controlled for, and points to differences between users and non‐users of long‐term care (LTC). For deceased non‐users of LTC services, a falling age curve for all components of HCE except for inpatient care is observed, while survivors show a weak age effect in ambulatory and inpatient care once proximity to death is controlled for. As to surviving users of LTC services, their probability of incurring LTC expenses markedly increases in old age, while most of the components of their conditional HCE show a decreasing age profile. Thus, a ‘school of red herrings’ can be claimed to exist–with the possible exception of LTC, where ageing might matter regardless of proximity to death. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Child health: evidence on the roles of family income and maternal mental health from a UK birth cohort
Authors: Propper Carol , Rigg John , Burgess Simon 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThere is a growing literature showing an association between higher family income and better child health. This paper uses cohort data with rich information on mother's early life events, her health, child‐health‐related behaviours, and her child's health to examine this association for the UK and to identify some of the mechanisms through which income affects child health. The paper examines the cross‐sectional association between income and health, finds the expected association, but concludes that the association with current income cannot be distinguished from one between permanent income and child health. It then focuses on the mechanisms by which income translates into better child health; these include parental behaviours that may affect child health and parental health, including maternal mental health. Controlling for these factors, there is almost no direct impact of income. A significant role is played by mother's own health, particularly her mental health. No clear role is played by child‐health production behaviours of the mother. Examining the maternal mental health–child health link in more detail suggests a role for maternal anxiety and somaticism. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prognostic impact of HER‐2/neu expression on squamous head and neck carcinomas
Authors: Cavalot Andrea , Martone Tiziana , Roggero Nicolò , Brondino Gabriele , Pagano Marco , Cortesina Giorgio 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBackground.HER‐2/neu gene amplification and protein overexpression have been identified in various solid tumors, but its prognostic relevance in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is still controversial.Methods.The study investigated the expression of HER‐2/neu oncoprotein in HNSCC and sought possible correlations to various clinicopathologic parameters. Expression of HER‐2/neu oncoprotein was assessed in archival tumor tissues from 87 untreated HNSCC patients by immunohistochemical technique. Data were correlated with both the clinicopathologic parameters and patient survival.Results.A high membranous HER‐2/neu protein expression level was found in 39% of patients. Multivariate analysis indicated that HER‐2/neu protein expression and pN lymph‐node status were independent prognostic factors for disease‐free survival.Conclusions.HER2/neu overexpression and its relationship with survival suggest that new therapeutic approaches targeting epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family receptors could provide a new way of treating HNSCC patients with HER2/neu‐positive neoplastic lesions. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2007
β‐Catenin nuclear accumulation in head and neck mucoepidermoid carcinoma: Its role in cyclin D1 overexpression and tumor progression
Authors: Shiratsuchi Hideki , Nakashima Torahiko , Hirakawa Naoya , Toh Satoshi , Nakagawa Takashi , Saito Tsuyoshi , Tsuneyoshi Masazumi , Komune Shizuo 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBackground.Nuclear/cytoplasmic accumulation of β‐catenin is mainly regulated by its degradation, which is initiated by interaction with adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) protein. Accumulation of β‐catenin activates the transcription of 1 of the target oncogenic genes, cyclin D1, in the Wnt/Wingless pathway. The role of β‐catenin and cyclin D1 in this pathway has not been previously studied in head and neck mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC). This study investigates abnormalities of β‐catenin and the APC gene in MEC and correlates the patterns of cyclin D1 overexpression and nuclear/cytoplasmic accumulation of β‐catenin with the clinical outcome.Methods.Mutations of the β‐catenin and APC genes, as well as overexpression of cyclin D1, were investigated by polymerase chain reaction single‐strand conformation polymorphism (PCR‐SSCP) in tissue samples from 44 cases of MEC. In addition, we employed differential PCR method to detect amplification of the cyclin D1 gene. Furthermore, the overexpression of cyclin D1 and nuclear/cytoplasmic accumulation of β‐catenin was examined by immunohistochemistry, and any correlation with clinicopathologic parameters was evaluated.Results.Nuclear/cytoplasmic accumulation of β‐catenin was observed in 6 of 44 MEC cases (13.6%), 5 of which were high‐grade MEC, while the other 1 case was intermediate‐grade tumor. Mutational analysis of exon 3 of the β‐catenin gene revealed that 4 of 26 cases (15.4%) contained point mutations (3 in codon 32, GAC [Asp] to GGC [Gly]; 1 in codon 42, ACA [Thr] to ATA [Ile]), and all these 4 cases showed β‐catenin accumulation immunohistochemically. The nuclear/cytoplasmic accumulation of β‐catenin was significantly correlated with the adverse outcome of patients (p = .011). Two APC gene alterations were detected in 2 cases of low‐grade MEC, where there was no β‐catenin nuclear accumulation. Amplification of the cyclin D1 gene was observed in 10 of 26 cases (38.5%). Cyclin D1 overexpression was recognized in 19 of 44 cases (43.2%) and was significantly correlated with β‐catenin accumulation (p = .003).Conclusions.These findings suggest that β‐catenin, which, in cooperation with cyclin D1, plays crucial role in the Wnt‐signaling pathway, may also contribute to the adverse outcome and high‐grade tumor staging of MEC. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2007
Role of aerobic gram‐negative rods, anaerobes, and fungi in wound infection after head and neck surgery: Implications for antibiotic prophylaxis
Authors: Johnson Jonas T. , Yu Victor L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe prevention of wound infection after major contaminated head and neck surgery is a critical issue for the head and neck surgeon. The proper interpretation of cultures taken from wounds is uncertain. Multiple organisms are invariably isolated from this nonsterile site including indigenous aerobic and anaerobic flora, aerobic gram‐negative rods, and fungi. We present evidence from controlled antibiotic trials that demonstrate the pathogenicity of oropharyngeal anaerobic flora. The presence of aerobic gram‐negative rods and fungi generally represent colonization and antibiotic coverage need not routinely be directed at these organisms. On the other hand, the antibacterial spectrum of an agent used for head and neck would prophylaxis should include coverage for pathogenic oral flora, namely the gram‐positive aerobic cocci (especially streptococci) and anaerobic bacteria.
Modern management of cervical scrofula
Authors: Deitel Mervyn , Bendago Mansour , Krajden Sigmund , Ronald Alfred C. , Borowy Zenon J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFrom 1970 to 1984, 32 patients were treated for tuberculous (TB) masses, which measured 1.2–5.5 cm. The posterior triangle was involved in 19 patients, anterior triangle in 7, and more than one triangle in 6 (3 bilateral). A superficial node was excised for diagnosis. Acid‐fast bacilli were identified on the smear of 18 patients. Caseation necrosis was present in 27 specimens, sarcoidosis in four, nonspecific lymphadenitis in one; all cultures grew Mycobacterium tuberculosis. A chest x‐ray showed no active TB. Chemotherapy was given for 9–18 months (9 months when only one node was diseased and 18 months with extensive nodal involvement). Follow‐up examinations in all patients (> 3 years, mean 8.6 years) has revealed no recurrence. The need to excise all cervical TB nodes, chronically inflamed and often fused to important structures, was eliminated by adequate chemotherapy.
Desmoplastic fibroma of the jaws: Surgical management and review of the literature
Authors: Kwon Paul Hak Joo , Horswell Bruce B. , Gatto Daniel J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractDesmoplastic fibroma of the jaws is a rare and locally aggressive tumor that has a high rate of recurrence. The cellularity, extent of the tumor, and completeness of the local excision may be factors in its tendency to recur. We reviewed the literature in an attempt to determine if there was any correlation between the histologic features of a desmoplastic fibroma, or the surgical procedure utilized, and the tumor's recurrence. From the information gathered, it was found that a more cellular desmoplastic fibroma or inadequate surgical procedure may be factors that contribute to the recurrence of the tumor. A case report of desmoplastic fibroma of the mandible in a 9‐year‐old child is presented. The tumor, which displayed areas of moderate cellularity, was resected via a partial hemimandibulectomy. There has been no recurrence to date (46 months).
Endolaryngeal synovial sarcoma: Case report with immunohistochemical studies
Authors: Pruszczynski Maciej , Manni Johannes J. , Smedts Frank 
Published: February 2007

AbstractEndolaryngeal synovial sarcoma has only been reported in the literature three times. We add to this a fourth report of a 28‐year‐old woman. This case distinguishes itself by being a monophasic variant and by being the first to be substantiated with extensive immunohistochemical analysis. Treatment consisted of shelling‐out followed by radiotherapy, which is a variant from standard therapy. The patient is tumor‐free 3 years after therapy.
Frey's syndrome: Treatment with topical glycopyrrolate
Authors: May John S. , McGuirt W. Frederick 
Published: February 2007

AbstractGustatory sweating and flushing of the facial skin, or Frey's syn drome, is fairly common after parotidectomy. The most likely mechanism is aberrant reinnervation of the sweat glands of the face by the severed parotid parasympathetic nerve fibers. A sur vey of 61 patients having undergone parotidectomy yielded 29 (47.5%) with gustatory sweating. Twenty‐three percent (14 pa tients) considered the symptoms severe. In a double‐blind study, five of those 14 patients were alternately treated with top ically applied placebo and with glycopyrrolate (an anticholinergic agent) as 0.5% lotion, 2% lotion, and 2% cream. All five patients showed some improvement with the test preparations, but had longer lasting and more effective lessening of symptoms with the 2% glycopyrrolate preparations. There were no adverse side effects. We therefore believe that the topical application of a 2% glycopyrrolate preparation is a safe and effective treatment for severe gustatory sweating following parotidectomy.
Supraomohyoid neck dissection: Rationale, indications, and surgical technique
Authors: Medina Jesus E. , Byers Robert M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe supraomohyoid neck dissection is a selective cervical node dissection that removes the contents of the submentai and submandibular triangles (lymph node level I), the jugulodigastric and jugulo‐omohyoid lymph node groups, and the lymph nodebearing tissues located anterior to the cutaneous branches of the cervical plexus and above the omohyoid muscle (lymph node levels II and III). The sternocleidomastoid muscle, the spinal accessory nerve, and the internal jugular vein are preserved. This type of neck dissection is indicated in the surgical management of the neck in patients with large T2, T3, and T4 squamous cell carcinomas of the oral cavity in whom the cervical lymph nodes are either clinically negative (NO) or single, discrete, and less than 3 cm in diameter (N1). In this paper, we discuss the rationale for this operation, its staging, and its therapeutic value, and present a detailed description of the surgical technique.
Radiotherapy after excisional biopsy of carcinoma of the oral tongue/floor of the mouth
Authors: Mendenhall William M. , Parsons James T. , Stringer Scott P. , Cassisi Nicholas J. , Million Rodney R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis is an analysis of 16 patients with excisionally biopsied (TXNO) squamous cell carcinoma of the oral tongue (nine patients) and floor of mouth (seven patients) treated with radiotherapy. All patients had a minimum 2‐year follow‐up and 81% had at least 5 years of follow‐up. One patient died of intercurrent disease 16 months after treatment and was excluded from analysis of local control. All patients were evaluable for analysis of survival and complications. Local control was achieved in 14 of 15 patients; one patient with local recurrence underwent a surgical salvage procedure, which was unsuccessful. No patients developed recurrent disease in the neck or in distant sites. Five‐year absolute and cause‐specific survival rates were 10 of 13 and 10 of 11. respectively.
Primary branchiogenic carcinoma
Authors: Khafif Rene A. , Prichep Robert , Minkowitz Stanley 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAn extensive historical review of branchial cleft cyst carcinoma is undertaken and a critical analysis of all 67 cases reported in the English literature since Martin's landmark report is carried out and tabulated. Forty‐one of the 67 cases were definitely ruled out as carcinomas of branchial cysts. Though only eight of the remaining 26 cases satisfied Martin's criterion of 5‐year follow‐up without evidence of primary carcinoma elsewhere, 14 patients had incontrovertible evidence of branchiogenic carcinoma, evidenced by a branchial cyst with histologic evidence of epithelial dysplasia progressing to squamous cell carcinoma within the cyst wall. Two previously unreported cases are presented. A therapeutic approach including wide local excision, radical neck dissection, and radiotherapy is recommended. A more thorough search for an occult head and neck primary, and a clearer understanding of the histopathology of branchiogenic carcinoma, are suggested as alternate requirements for this diagnosis.
Plasma cell granuloma of the thyroid gland
Authors: Talmi Yoav P. , Finkelstein Yehuda , Gal Rivka , Zohar Yuval 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPlasma cell granuloma is a tumor‐like lesion consisting of mature plasma cells, sometimes with Russell bodies and reticuloendothelial cells, supported by a stroma of granulation tissue. These tumors are most common in the lungs and were sporadically reported in extrapulmonary sites. A rare case of plasma cell granuloma of the thyroid is reported. The value of immunohistochemical staining is demonstrated.
Tracheotomy in children with recurrent respiratory papillomatosis
Authors: Cole Randolph R. , Myer Charles M. , Cotton Robin T. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFifty‐eight patients with laryngeal papillomatosis were managed at Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, between January 1978 and December 1987. Twelve of these patients (21%) had tracheotomies. A retrospective review of these 12 cases was undertaken to determine the incidence, pattern, timing, and clinical risk factors for trachéal spread after tracheotomy. Six of 12 patients (50%) developed tracheal papillomas after tracheotomy. Peristomal mucosa was consistently the site of initial involvement followed by progressive distal spread along the length of the tracheotomy tube. Stomal involvement followed tracheotomy by an average of 14 weeks, occurring as early as 7 weeks postoperatively. Mid‐tracheal spread followed stomal involvement by an average of 10 weeks. Risk factors for tracheal spread included the presence of subglottic disease at the time of tracheotomy and prolonged cannulation. Whenever possible, tracheotomy should be avoided in patients with recurrent respiratory papillomatosis. When unavoidable, every effort should be made to keep the duration of cannulation as short as possible.
Trumpet maneuver for visual and ct examination of the pyriform sinus and retrocricoid area
Authors: Hillel Allen D. , Schwartz Alan N. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe trumpet maneuver, a technique to inflate the hypopharynx with air, allows visualization of the pyriform sinuses and retrocricoid area during both fiberoptic examination and CT scanning. The technique is useful in delineating both normal and abnormal anatomy, and is especially useful in the evaluation of patients with hypopharyngeal symptoms in whom there is a low suspicion of anatomic disease. The methods, endoscopic photographs, and CT scan images are presented.
DNA ploidy in oral cavity carcinomas, with special reference to prognosis
Authors: Tytor Maciej , Franzén Gunnar , Olofsson Jan 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSingle‐cell DNA cytofluorometry was performed on paraffin‐em bedded tissue of 140 patients with squamous cell carcinomas of the oral cavity. Half of the tumors (71 of 140) were DNA nondip loid. Well‐differentiated carcinomas were more often DNA dip loid than moderately well‐differentiated ones (P<0.001; chi square). The aneuploid tumors responded better to preoperative radiotherapy than did the DNA diploid (P<0.001) and polyploid tumors (P<0.05; chi‐square). Using the multivariate Cox's re gression analysis multiploid type tumor, age of the patients and presence of lymph node metastases were the only significant factors influencing survival. DNA diploid tumors in stages I and II had a better prognosis than DNA nondiploid (P<0.01; Kaplan‐Meier). The reverse was true for stages III and IV, where DNA nondiploid tumors had a better prognosis (P<0.05; Kaplan‐Meier). Tumor stages (P<0.001; Kaplan‐Meier) and especially lymph node metastases (P<0.0005; Kaplan‐Meier) were major prognostic factors. Tumor DNA ploidy may be a complement to clinical and morphologic parameters as a prognostic predictor in squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity.
Oral feeding after total laryngectomy
Authors: Boyce Stephen E. , Meyers Arlen D. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPharyngocutaneous fistulae occur in 15%‐25% of patients after total laryngectomy. Factors that may predispose to fistulae formation include prior radiation, surgical technique, tumor size and location, and patient nutritional status. In addition, many surgeons believe that the timing of oral feeding after surgery contributes to fistula development. Thus, they advocate delaying feeding postoperatively, especially in high‐risk patients. The traditional guidline has been to wait until the seventh postoperative day. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between the timing of postoperative oral feeding and the development of pharyngocytaneous fistulae after total laryngectomy with primary closure in patients with squamous cell carcinoma. A questionnaire was sent to 210 members of the American Society for Head and neck Surgery to determine practice patterns toward feeding after laryngectomy. We also reviewed the records of 137 patients who underwent total laryngectomy at the University of Colorado Health Sciences Center and the Denver VA Medical Center from January 1975 through December 1987. Of the surgeons polled, 84.5% waited at least 7 days after surgery to begin oral feeding. However, in reviewing 94 patients eligible for study, we found no difference in the rate of fistula formation between patients fed on or before the fifth postoperative day and those fed on or after the sixth postoperative day. In fact, most fistulae were evident before the patient started oral feeding. Pyriform sinus tumors were predisposed to fistulae but prior radiotherapy and neck dissection seemed to have no effect. Earlier oral feeding after total laryngectomy may improve patient comfort and shorten hospital stay without increasing the incidence of complications. Patients with pyriform sinus tumors or complicated closures are more likely to develop fistulae and therefore may benefit from delayed oral feeding.
Electrosurgical dissection to reduce blood loss in head and neck surgery
Authors: Weber Randal S. , Byers Robert M. , Robbins K. Thomas , Lichtiger Benjamin , Guillamondegui Oscar M. , Ballantyne Alando J. , Campbell Bruce , Schantz Stimson , Hankins Patti , Pou Anna , Goepfert Helmuth 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe prospectively determined the intraoperative blood loss in 250 patients who underwent major head and neck surgical procedures over a 13‐month period to demonstrate the efficacy of electrosurgical dissection for reducing blood loss and to determine those factors predictive of the need for blood replacement. Transfusions were required in 30 (12%) of the 250 patients, and a total of 66 units of packed red blood cells was administered. Two patients were transfused preoperatively, 16 patients intraoperatively, and 14 patients postoperatively. Factors predicting the necessity for blood replacement included the patient's preoperative hematocrit level, intraoperative blood loss, the duration and type of procedure, and the surgeon's level of experience. The principles of electrosurgical dissection are discussed.