bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Absence of the Contralateral Internal Carotid Artery: A Challenge for Management of Ipsilateral Glomus Jugulare and Glomus Vagale Tumors
Authors: Piazza Paolo , Di Lella Filippo , Menozzi Roberto , Bacciu Andrea , Sanna Mario 
Published: June 2007

AbstractObjective: Extensive involvement of the internal carotid artery (ICA) by jugular and vagal paragangliomas represents a challenging problem for skull‐base surgeons: radical tumor resection and preservation of the vessel often cannot be achieved in these cases. The aim of this article was to report the management of a complex case of right ipsilateral jugular and vagal paragangliomas in a patient with absence of the contralateral ICA due to a previous removal of a left carotid body tumor. Surgical removal of the lesions was performed after stenting of the cervical and intratemporal segment of the ICA.Methods: The charts and all the examinations of the patient were retrospectively reviewed. The patient, a 40‐year‐old man, was treated at the Gruppo Otologico, a private quaternary referral center for neurotology and skull‐base surgery.Results: The tumors were completely resected during surgery and manipulation of the ICA was greatly facilitated by the stent. No complication occurred during or immediately after surgery; after a follow‐up period of 24 months there was no sign of recurrence and imaging studies demonstrated patency of the stented vessel.Conclusion: This report suggests that placement of endovascular stents in the cervical and temporal segments of the ICA has the potential of changing the whole therapeutic management in cases of temporal and vagal paragangliomas that surround and invade the vessel, especially in those cases in which permanent balloon occlusion of the ICA is not feasible.
532 nm Pulsed Potassium‐Titanyl‐Phosphate Laser Treatment of Laryngeal Papillomatosis under General Anesthesia
Authors: Burns James A. , Zeitels Steven M. , Akst Lee M. , Broadhurst Matthew S. , Hillman Robert E. , Anderson Rox 
Published: June 2007

AbstractObjectives: Angiolytic lasers have been shown to be an effective treatment strategy for laryngeal papillomatosis. These lasers precisely target hemoglobin within the microcirculation of papillary lesions. We have previously demonstrated the advantages of the fiber‐based pulsed 532‐nm potassium‐titanyl‐phosphate (KTP) laser in an office setting (with local anesthesia). This investigation provides the first report of the pulsed‐KTP laser during microlaryngoscopy under general anesthesia.Study Design: A prospective pilot study was performed in 55 adult patients with laryngeal papillomatosis to determine disease response.Methods: During suspension microlaryngoscopy, a solid‐state 532 nm pulsed‐KTP laser was used (15 ms pulse width, 5.25–7.5 J/pulse maximum output, 2 Hz repetition rate, 0.4 mm fiber, approximately 20–80 J/cm2 fluence) to treat laryngeal papillomatosis. All patients underwent postoperative videolaryngoscopy to assess disease regression based on a previously used rating scale.Results: Thirty‐seven patients underwent 55 procedures during the 18‐month study period. Near‐term follow‐up with an early postoperative evaluation was available in 23 patients (35 procedures). Fourteen patients (20 procedures) were geographically distant and only returned after developing symptoms with significant disease recurrence. Of the 35 procedures in which near‐term follow‐up was available, 90% or greater disease regression was achieved in 28 of 35 (80%), 75% to 89% disease regression was achieved in 4 of 35 (11%), and 50% to 74% disease regression in 3 of 35 (9%). Anterior‐commissure disease was present in 51 of 55 (93%) cases, and no new webbing/synechia occurred. All patients reported that their vocal function improved after treatment.Conclusions: The 532 nm pulsed‐KTP laser was effective for treating recurrent respiratory papillomatosis, which was similar to our experience as an office‐based procedure.
Cochlear Implant Electrode Insertion: The Round Window Revisited
Authors: Roland Peter S. , Wright Charles G. , Isaacson Brandon 
Published: June 2007

AbstractObjective: To examine aspects of round window (RW) anatomy that are relevant to its use as a portal for atraumatic insertion of cochlear implant electrodes.Study Design: Anatomic study using human cadaveric temporal bones.Methods: A series of 30 temporal bones was dissected to permit microscopic study of the RW region.Results: The bony overhangs of the RW niche limit visibility of the RW membrane during surgery. Measurements of RW membrane area visible through a facial recess opening before and after drilling the overhangs in 15 temporal bones showed that RW membrane visibility is typically increased by a factor of 1.5 to 3 times after drilling and by as much as 13 times when the opening of the RW niche is relatively small. Observations from within the scala tympani in 15 cochlear dissections showed substantial variability in size of the RW opening available for electrode insertion. Area measurements of the portion of the RW covered by the vertical segment of the RW membrane ranged from 0.8 to 1.75 mm2 in these specimens. In addition, irregularities in contour of the RW margin may make insertion challenging, which may necessitate drilling the anterior‐inferior margin of the RW. Drilling in this region should be approached with care because of the close proximity of the cochlear aqueduct opening.Conclusion: RW insertion can be performed in a manner that is potentially less traumatic than the standard cochleostomy insertion. It may therefore be advantageous in cases in which hearing preservation is the goal.
Role of Extra‐Esophageal Reflux in Chronic Otitis Media with Effusion
Authors: Crapko Matthew , Kerschner Joseph E. , Syring Michael , Johnston Nikki 
Published: June 2007

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis: Otitis media with effusion (OME) is the most common cause of childhood hearing loss. Despite its prevalence, the enormous health care expenditures resulting from its treatment, and the increasing therapeutic challenges imposed by antimicrobial resistance, very little is known regarding the cellular and molecular immunologic and inflammatory events in this disease process. Extra‐esophageal reflux (EER) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic OME. The objective of this study was to confirm that children with OME have EER into the middle ear as measured by the presence of pepsin in middle ear effusions (MEE) removed during tympanostomy tube (TT) placement.Study Design: Prospective, translational, cell biological research study.Methods: MEE were obtained from children undergoing TT placement for OME. The fluid was lysed in a urea buffer and the presence of pepsin quantitatively determined by Western blot analysis using a specific antipepsin antibody. The pH of the samples was recorded before lysis.Results: Pepsin protein was detected in 18 of 32 (56%) samples analyzed, with 12 of 20 (60%) patients having at least one positive sample for pepsin. Pepsin levels ranged from 80 to 1,000 ng/mL. The pH of the samples ranged from 6.0 to 7.6, with a mean pH of 6.8.Conclusions: Pepsin was detected in 60% of patients with OME, confirming that EER into the middle ear occurs in these children. The pepsin present would have little or no activity at pH 6.0 to 7.6; however, pepsin is stable below pH 8.0 and thus could be reactivated after a decrease in pH.
Swallowing Function Following Extensive Resection of Oral or Oropharyngeal Cancer With Laryngeal Suspension and Cricopharyngeal Myotomy
Authors: Fujimoto Yasushi , Hasegawa Yasuhisa , Yamada Hiroko , Ando Atsushi , Nakashima Tsutomu 
Published: June 2007

AbstractObjective: To investigate factors that influence postoperative swallowing function in patients who underwent tongue and oropharynx resection.Methods: Sixty‐two subjects who had undergone extensive resection of oral or oropharyngeal cancer between 1993 and 2005 participated in this study. All surgical procedures involved excision of the bilateral suprahyoid muscles or of ≥50% of the tongue base. Laryngeal suspension and cricopharyngeal myotomy were performed on all subjects. A multivariate analysis of the effects of extensive tongue and oropharynx resection on swallowing function was performed.Results: A total of 53 (85.5%) of the 62 subjects achieved independent oral intake and no longer required tube feeding. Six months after surgery, better eating capabilities had been attained by younger patients as compared with older patients; patients with less extensive tongue base resections; patients who had not undergone radiotherapy; and patients reconstructed with free flaps rather than pedicled flaps.Conclusions: Age was found to be the most important factor in determining whether a patient could achieve independent oral intake after extensive oral or oropharyngeal resection. The main factors in determining the quality of diet attained by the patient were found to be age, the percentage of tongue base resection, and the method of postoperative reconstruction.
Frontal Ostium Restenosis After the Endoscopic Modified Lothrop Procedure
Authors: Tran Khanh N. , Beule Achim G. , Singal Deepti , Wormald Peter‐John 
Published: June 2007

AbstractObjectives: To evaluate the time course and extent of the restenosis that occurs after an endoscopic modified Lothrop procedure (EMLP) and to identify factors that contribute to this process.Study Design: Retrospective study of prospectively collected data.Methods: Seventy‐seven consecutive patients undergoing EMLP between November 1998 and June 2005 with frontal ostium measurements documented intraoperatively and at follow‐up visits for a minimum of 12 months were included. Data on patient demographics, medical history, comorbidities, and computed tomography scans were collected.Results: Significant restenosis of the frontal sinus neo‐ostia was defined as a loss of more than 60% of the original intraoperative area. The mean follow‐up in our cohort was 29.2 months. Twenty‐two patients were identified with increased stenosis, all of which arose within the first 12 months postsurgery. Nine of these 22 patients required revision EMLP. In all patients, the new frontal ostium narrowed at 1 year by an average of 33% (from 290 to 191 mm2, confidence interval 159–223 mm2). Restenosis and revision surgery are partly predicted by the presence of eosinophilic mucin chronic rhinosinusitis as demonstrated by logistic regression analysis. Linear regression analysis confirmed that the intraoperative frontal ostium size determines the frontal ostium area at 1 year.Conclusion: This study provides benchmarking values for the time course of the frontal ostium area after EMLP for normal wound healing and increased stenosis. On the basis of our results, patients with a higher risk for developing restenosis and of having revision surgery can be identified preoperatively and during the early postoperative period to facilitate special postoperative care.
A Comparison of Postcochlear Implantation Speech Scores in an Adult Population
Authors: Bodmer Daniel , Shipp David B. , Ostroff Jodi M. , Ng Amy H. C. , Stewart Suzanne , Chen Joseph M. , Nedzelski Julian M. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractObjectives: The vast majority of cochlear implant recipients realize significant improvement in speech perception. However, there continue to be a small group that does not realize such a benefit. In an effort to identify possible predictors for this, we have compared pre‐ and postimplant audiologic data using Hearing In Noise Test (HINT), City University of New York (CUNY), or Central Institute for the Deaf (CID) scores for 445 consecutive English‐speaking adult patients followed for a minimum of 1 year postimplantation in two distinct groups, poor versus excellent performers.Study Design: Retrospective.Methods: Poor performers were those who realized a worsening, no improvement, or an improvement of less than 10%. This group numbered 58 (13%). High performers consisted of a cadre of 194 (44%) patients who scored between 91 and 100% postimplantation. Demographic data relating to onset of deafness, education exposure, etiology, etc., were evaluated.Results: Of the poor performers, 33 (57%) were pre‐/perilingually deafened. Of these, 79% had not received any auditory/oral training in childhood. On the other hand, a total of 109 implant recipients were individuals who were pre‐/perilingually deafened. Of these, 24 were in the excellent performer category. All were identified early and were recipients of a strong auditory/oral education. Of the high performers, 170 (88%) were deafened late. Other findings such as preoperative electronystagmography with caloric testing, hearing aid use, device type, and high‐resolution computed tomography scan of the temporal bone will be discussed for both groups.Conclusions: A high preimplant speech score, auditory verbal therapy, and postlingual deafness statistically correlate with higher postimplant speech scores 1 year after cochlear implantation. Device type, caloric response and hearing aid use preimplantation, age at surgery, and sex do not statistically correlate with either poor or excellent speech discrimination scores postcochlear implantation.
Design search and optimization in aerospace engineering
Authors: Keane A.J , Scanlan J.P 
Published: June 2007

In this paper, we take a design-led perspective on the use of computational tools in the aerospace sector. We briefly review the current state-of-the-art in design search and optimization (DSO) as applied to problems from aerospace engineering, focusing on those problems that make heavy use of computational fluid dynamics (CFD). This ranges over issues of representation, optimization problem formulation and computational modelling. We then follow this with a multi-objective, multi-disciplinary example of DSO applied to civil aircraft wing design, an area where this kind of approach is becoming essential for companies to maintain their competitive edge.Our example considers the structure and weight of a transonic civil transport wing, its aerodynamic performance at cruise speed and its manufacturing costs. The goals are low drag and cost while holding weight and structural performance at acceptable levels. The constraints and performance metrics are modelled by a linked series of analysis codes, the most expensive of which is a CFD analysis of the aerodynamics using an Euler code with coupled boundary layer model. Structural strength and weight are assessed using semi-empirical schemes based on typical airframe company practice. Costing is carried out using a newly developed generative approach based on a hierarchical decomposition of the key structural elements of a typical machined and bolted wing-box assembly.To carry out the DSO process in the face of multiple competing goals, a recently developed multi-objective probability of improvement formulation is invoked along with stochastic process response surface models (Krigs). This approach both mitigates the significant run times involved in CFD computation and also provides an elegant way of balancing competing goals while still allowing the deployment of the whole range of single objective optimizers commonly available to design teams.
Turbomachinery computational fluid dynamics: asymptotes and paradigm shifts
Authors: Dawes W.N 
Published: June 2007

This paper reviews the development of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) specifically for turbomachinery simulations and with a particular focus on application to problems with complex geometry. The review is structured by considering this development as a series of paradigm shifts, followed by asymptotes. The original S1–S2 blade–blade-throughflow model is briefly described, followed by the development of two-dimensional then three-dimensional blade–blade analysis. This in turn evolved from inviscid to viscous analysis and then from steady to unsteady flow simulations. This development trajectory led over a surprisingly small number of years to an accepted approach—a ‘CFD orthodoxy’.
A very important current area of intense interest and activity in turbomachinery simulation is in accounting for real geometry effects, not just in the secondary air and turbine cooling systems but also associated with the primary path. The requirements here are threefold: capturing and representing these geometries in a computer model; making rapid design changes to these complex geometries; and managing the very large associated computational models on PC clusters. Accordingly, the challenges in the application of the current CFD orthodoxy to complex geometries are described in some detail.

The main aim of this paper is to argue that the current CFD orthodoxy is on a new asymptote and is
not
in fact suited for application to complex geometries and that a paradigm shift must be sought. In particular, the new paradigm must be geometry centric and inherently parallel without serial bottlenecks. The main contribution of this paper is to describe such a potential paradigm shift, inspired by the animation industry, based on a fundamental shift in perspective from explicit to implicit geometry and then illustrate this with a number of applications to turbomachinery.
Heart valve macro- and microstructure
Authors: Misfeld Martin , Sievers Hans-Hinrich 
Published: June 2007

Each heart valve is composed of different structures of which each one has its own histological profile. Although the aortic and the pulmonary valves as well as the mitral and the tricuspid valves show similarities in their architecture, they are individually designed to ensure optimal function with regard to their role in the cardiac cycle.
In this article, we systematically describe the structural elements of the four heart valves by different anatomical, light- and electron-microscopic techniques that have been presented. Without the demand of completeness, we describe main structural features that are in our opinion of importance in understanding heart valve performance. These features will also have important implications in the treatment of heart valve disease. They will increase the knowledge in the design of valve substitutes or partial substitutes and may participate to improve reconstructive techniques. In addition, understanding heart valve macro- and microstructure may also be of benefit in heart valve engineering techniques.
On the bootstrap confidence intervals of the capability index Cpk for multiple process streams
Authors: Wang Dja‐Shin , Koo Tong‐Yuan , Chou Chao‐Yu 
Published: July 2007

PurposeThe present paper aims to present the results of a simulation study on the behavior of the four 95 percent bootstrap confidence intervals for estimating Cpk when collected data are from a multiple streams process.Design/methodology/approachA computer simulation study is developed to present the behavior of four 95 percent bootstrap confidence intervals, i.e. standard bootstrap (SB), percentile bootstrap (PB), biased‐corrected percentile bootstrap (BCPB), and biased‐corrected and accelerated (BCa) bootstrap for estimating the capability index Cpk of a multiple streams process. An analysis of variance using two factorial and three‐stage nested designs is applied for experimental planning and data analysis.FindingsFor multiple process streams, the relationship between the true value of Cpk and the required sample size for effective experiment is presented. Based on the simulation study, the two‐stream process always gives a higher coverage percentage of bootstrap confidence interval than the four‐stream process. Meanwhile, BCPB and BCa intervals lead to better coverage percentage than SB and PB intervals.Practical implicationsSince a large number of process streams decreases the coverage percentage of the bootstrap confidence interval, it may be inappropriate to use the bootstrap method for constructing the confidence interval of a process capability index as the number of process streams is large.Originality/valueThe present paper is the first work to explore the behavior of bootstrap confidence intervals for estimating the capability index Cpk of a multiple streams process. It is concluded that the number of process streams definitively affects the performance of bootstrap methods.
Identification of crystallization kinetics parameters by genetic algorithm in non‐isothermal conditions
Authors: Smirnova J. , Silva L. , Monasse B. , Haudin J‐M. , Chenot J‐L. 
Published: July 2007

PurposeThis paper sets out to show the feasibility of the genetic algorithm inverse method for the determination of the parameters of crystallization kinetics laws in isothermal and non‐isothermal conditions, using multiple experiments.Design/methodology/approachThe mathematical model for crystallization kinetics determination and the numerical methods of its resolution are introduced. Crystallization kinetic parameters determined by approximate physical analysis and the inverse genetic algorithm method are presented. Injection molding simulations taking into account crystallization are performed using the finite element method.FindingsIt is necessary to perform the optimization on two parameters, transformed volume fraction and number of spherulites to obtain correct results. It is possible to use results from different samples, in spite of the dispersion of some values.Research limitations/implicationsExperimental data for isothermal and non‐isothermal conditions were used and obtained good results for the parameters of crystallization kinetics laws from which the evolutions of overall crystallization kinetics and crystalline microstructure were deduced. Nevertheless, the dispersion of the experimental data concerning the number of spherulites obtained with different samples is important. The evolution of the number of spherulites is required for the optimization to get correct results.Practical implicationsAn important result of this work is that the genetic algorithm optimization can be applied to this problem where the experiments cannot be performed with a single sample and the experimental data for the number of spherulites have low precision. Even if only the crystallization kinetics was considered, the feasibility in molding simulation has been shown.Originality/valueSimulation of crystallization in injection molding is very important for a later prediction of the end‐use properties.
The storage constrained, inbound inventory routing problem
Authors: Stacey Jennifer , Natarajarathinam Malini , Sox Charles 
Published: July 2007

PurposeThis paper aims to describe the storage constrained, inbound inventory routeing problem and presents bounds and heuristics for solutions to this problem. It also seeks to analyze various characteristics of this problem by comparing the solutions generated by the two proposed heuristics with each other and with the lower bound solutions.Design/methodology/approachThe proposed heuristics use a sequential decomposition strategy for generating solutions for this problem. These heuristics are evaluated on a set of problem instances which are based on an actual application in the automotive manufacturing industry.FindingsThe storage space clearly has a significant effect on both the routeing and inventory decisions, and there are complex and interesting interactions between the problem factors and performance measures.Practical implicationsFacility design decisions for the storage of inbound materials should carefully consider the impact of storage space on transportation and logistics costs.Originality/valueThis problem occurs in a number of different industrial applications while most of the existing literature addresses outbound distribution. Other papers that address similar problems do not consider all of the practical constraints in the problem or do not adequately benchmark and analyze their proposed solutions.