bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Loss of 11q and 16q in Wilms tumors is associated with anaplasia, tumor recurrence, and poor prognosis
Authors: Wittmann Stefanie , Zirn Birgit , Alkassar Muhannad , Ambros Peter , Graf Norbert , Gessler Manfred 
Published: November 2006

AbstractAllele loss of chromosome arms 11q and 16q in Wilms tumors has been associated with different clinical parameters in prior studies. To substantiate these findings in a large collection of tumors treated according to the GPOH/SIOP protocol and to narrow down critical regions, we performed loss of heterozygosity (LOH) analyses of chromosome arms 11q and 16q on 225 Wilms tumors. On chromosome arm 11q an overall rate of allele loss of 19.6% (44 of 225 tumors) was found using eleven markers that were almost evenly distributed along the long arm. Chromosome arm 16q was analyzed with six markers selected from gene‐rich regions that identified an LOH rate of 18.4% (41/223). Evaluation of LOH with respect to clinical data revealed significant associations of LOH 11q with histology: LOH 11q was 3–4 times more frequent in mixed type and diffuse anaplastic tumors. In contrast, epithelial as well as stromal type tumors never exhibited allele loss on 11q. Furthermore, a significant correlation with tumor recurrence and death was detected, but only for tumors that lost the entire long arm of chromosome 11. Similarly, LOH 16q was correlated with higher risks of later relapse, especially in tumors with complete loss of the long arm. Hence, analyses of LOH on 11q and 16q appear to be helpful to identify tumors with a higher risk of relapse and adverse outcome, which need adjusted therapeutic approaches. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effectiveness and acceptability of non‐pharmacological interventions to reduce wandering in dementia: a systematic review
Authors: Robinson L. , Hutchings D. , Dickinson H. O. , Corner L. , Beyer F. , Finch T. , Hughes J. , Vanoli A. , Ballard C. , Bond J. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractBackgroundWandering occurs in 15–60% of people with dementia. Psychosocial interventions rather than pharmacological methods are recommended, but evidence for their effectiveness is limited and there are ethical concerns associated with some non‐pharmacological approaches, such as electronic tracking devices.ObjectiveTo determine the clinical and cost effectiveness and acceptability of non‐pharmacological interventions to reduce wandering in dementia.DesignA systematic review to evaluate effectiveness of the interventions and to assess acceptability and ethical issues associated with their use. The search and review strategy, data extraction and analysis followed recommended guidance. Papers of relevance to effectiveness, acceptability and ethical issues were sought.Results(i) Clinical effectiveness. Eleven studies, including eight randomised controlled trials, of a variety of interventions, met the inclusion criteria. There was no robust evidence to recommend any intervention, although there was some weak evidence for exercise. No relevant studies to determine cost effectiveness met the inclusion criteria.
(ii) Acceptability/ethical issues. None of the acceptability papers reported directly the views of people with dementia. Exercise and music therapy were the most acceptable interventions and raised no ethical concerns. Tracking and tagging devices were acceptable to carers but generated considerable ethical debate. Physical restraints were considered unacceptable.ConclusionsIn order to reduce unsafe wandering high quality research is needed to determine the effectiveness of non‐pharmacological interventions that are practically and ethically acceptable to users. It is important to establish the views of people with dementia on the acceptability of such interventions prior to evaluating their effectiveness through complex randomised controlled trials. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Treating late‐life depression with interpersonal psychotherapy in the primary care sector
Authors: Schulberg Herbert C. , Post Edward P. , Raue Patrick J. , Have Thomas Ten , Miller Mark , Bruce Martha L. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractBackgroundInterpersonal psychotherapy (IPT) is an empirically‐validated intervention for treating late‐life depression.ObjectiveTo determine the manner in which IPT is utilized by primary care physicians in relation to antidepressant medications.MethodsThe authors reviewed treatment logs prepared by care managers during the first 12 months of a patient's participation in the PROSPECT clinical trial to determine initial and longitudinal treatment patterns utilized by physicians, and clinical outcomes associated with initial treatment assignment.ResultsPrimary care physicians in practices randomized to PROSPECT's intervention arm initially prescribed an antidepressant medication for 58% of eligible patients and referred only 11% of them to IPT. Over time, however, 27% of patients participated in IPT as monotherapy or augmentation therapy. Initial treatment assignment was not associated with depressive status at 4 and 12 months nor with suicidal ideation at 4, 8, and 12 months.ConclusionIPT is an effective treatment for late‐life depression whose greater use by primary care physicians should be encouraged. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Low‐income depressed older adults with psychiatric comorbidity: secondary analyses of response to psychotherapy and case management
Authors: Gum Amber M. , Areán Patricia A. , Bostrom Alan 
Published: November 2006

AbstractObjectiveThis study examined the influence of comorbid anxiety and personality disorders on depression treatment response in 67 low‐income older adults.MethodsParticipants were randomized to clinical case management, cognitive‐behavioral group therapy, or both for 6 months. Outcomes were assessed at baseline, post‐treatment, and 6 and 12 months after treatment.ResultsDropout and depression diagnoses were similar across groups. Participants with comorbidity had more depressive and anxiety symptoms at most time points; degree of improvement did not differ significantly. Of participants with personality disorder, none met criteria at post‐treatment (three relapsed by 12‐month follow‐up).ConclusionsFindings suggest depressed low‐income elders with anxiety or personality disorders can be retained and benefit from depression treatment, but may require additional interventions to achieve similar levels of depressive symptoms. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Depression is associated with low plasma Aβ42 independently of cardiovascular disease in the homebound elderly
Authors: Qiu Wei Qiao , Sun Xiaoyan , Selkoe Dennis J. , Mwamburi D. Mkaya , Huang Tina , Bhadela Refeeque , Bergethon Peter , Scott Tammy M. , Summergrad Paul , Wang Lixia , Rosenberg Irwin , Folstein Marshal 
Published: November 2006

AbstractBackgroundDepression often precedes the onset of Alzheimer's disease (AD) before the appearance of cognitive symptoms. Plasma Amyloid‐β peptide 42 (Aβ42) declines before and soon after the onset of AD, yet the relationship between plasma Aβ42 and depression is unclear.MethodsWe used 515 homebound elders aged 60 and older in a population‐based, cross‐sectional study to investigate associations between plasma Aβ levels and depression with and without cardiovascular co‐morbidities. Depression was evaluated by using the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression (CES‐D) scale. Plasma Aβ40 and Aβ42 were measured.ResultsThe elderly with depression had lower plasma Aβ42 (median: 15.3 vs. 18.9, p = 0.008) than those without depression. The CES‐D score was inversely associated with plasma Aβ42 (p = 0.001) in subjects with no cardiovascular disease (CVD); however, in the presence of CVD, this association did not exist. Low plasma Aβ42 (OR = 0.41, p = 0.007) and the presence of CVD (OR = 1.84, p = 0.005) were independently associated with depression after adjusting for the confounders of age, stroke and apolipoprotein E4.ConclusionsDepressive symptoms are associated with low plasma Aβ42 independently of CVD. Prospective studies are needed to determine whether depression associated with low plasma Aβ42 is a separate depression subtype that could predict the onset of AD. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rapid and Precise Release from Nano‐Tracted Poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) Hydrogels Containing Linear Poly(acrylic acid)
Authors: Asoh Taka‐aki , Kaneko Tatsuo , Matsusaki Michiya , Akashi Mitsuru 
Published: November 2006

AbstractSummary: We investigated the rapid and precise molecular release from hydrogels in response to dual stimuli. To achieve precise on/off drug release using thermoresponsive poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) hydrogels, we prepared nano‐structured semi‐IPNs, which consisted of thermosensitive PNIPAAm networks penetrated by pH‐responsive poly(acrylic acid) (PAAc) linear chains and perforated to create nano‐tracts as a molecular pathway. The present nano‐tracted semi‐IPNs show a rapid deswelling response to both temperature and pH. Model drug releases were investigated when simultaneous changes in temperature and pH were applied. We observed that the cationic drug was rapidly released and then abruptly discontinued from the nano‐tracted semi‐IPNs in response to the dual stimuli, and clear release and stopping cycles were repeatedly observed on successive steps. Moreover, the release rates and amount of drug released were controllable by the deswelling speed of the gels and the PAAc content inside the gels. This novel release system using the nano‐tracted semi‐IPNs may be useful for the high performance, pulsed release of molecules.Release profiles of MB from semi‐IPNs at pH = 5.5, 20 °C (white region) and pH = 2, 40 °C (gray region).magnified imageRelease profiles of MB from semi‐IPNs at pH = 5.5, 20 °C (white region) and pH = 2, 40 °C (gray region).
Recent Advances in Polyhydroxyalkanoate Production by Mixed Aerobic Cultures: From the Substrate to the Final Product
Authors: Dias João M. L. , Lemos Paulo C. , Serafim Luísa S. , Oliveira Cristina , Eiroa Marta , Albuquerque Maria G. E. , Ramos Ana M. , Oliveira Rui , Reis Maria A. M. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractSummary: Numerous bacteria have been found to exhibit the capacity for intracellular polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) accumulation. Current methods for PHA production at the industrial scale are based on their synthesis from microbial isolates in either their wild form or by recombinant strains. High production costs are associated with these methods; thus, attempts have been made to develop more cost‐effective processes. Reducing the cost of the carbon substrates (e.g., through feeding renewable wastes) and increasing the efficiency of production technologies (including both fermentation and downstream extraction and recovery) are two such examples of these attempts. PHA production processes based on mixed microbial cultures are being investigated as a possible technology to decrease production costs, since no sterilization is required and bacteria can adapt quite well to the complex substrates that may be present in waste material. PHA accumulation by mixed cultures has been found under various operational conditions and configurations at both bench‐scale and full‐scale production. The process known as “feast and famine” or as “aerobic dynamic feeding” seems to have a high potential for PHA production by mixed cultures. Enriched cultures submitted to a transient carbon supply can synthesize PHA at levels comparable to those of pure cultures. Indeed, the intracellular PHA content can reach around 70% of the cell dry weight, suggesting that this process could be competitive with pure culture PHA production when fully developed. Basic and applied research of the PHA production process by mixed cultures has been carried out in the past decade, focusing on areas such as microbial characterization, process configuration, reactor operational strategies, process modeling and control, and polymer characterization. This paper presents a review of the PHA production process with mixed cultures, encompassing the findings reported in the literature as well as our own experimental results in relation to each of these areas.Production of PHA by mixed cultures under feast and famine conditions.magnified imageProduction of PHA by mixed cultures under feast and famine conditions.
Efficient Synthesis of Protein‐Drug Conjugates Using a Functionalizable Recombinant Elastin‐Mimetic Polypeptide
Authors: Kaufmann Doris , Weberskirch Ralf 
Published: November 2006

AbstractSummary: This report describes the efficient conjugation of doxorubicin‐glycine‐phenylalanine‐leucine‐glycine (1a) and rhodamine‐glycine‐phenylalanine‐leucine‐glycine (1b) units to a monodisperse elastin‐mimetic polypeptide (EMM)7 bearing eight primary amine groups for chemical attachment. The synthetic approach is based on the solid‐phase synthesis of 1a and 1b followed by chemical conjugation to the elastin‐mimetic polypeptide in the presence of HOBt/PyBob as activating agents to form the polypeptide conjugates 2a and 2b. Conjugation efficiency was 61.2% (4.9 doxorubicin units per polypeptide chain) for 2a and 53.7% (4.3 rhodamine units per polypeptide chain) for 2b, demonstrating the feasibility of using these tailor‐made, recombinant polypeptides as potential drug carriers for cancer therapy.Schematic structure of the elastin‐mimetic polypeptide (EMM)7.magnified imageSchematic structure of the elastin‐mimetic polypeptide (EMM)7.
A discrete model for the dynamic propagation of shear bands in a fluid‐saturated medium
Authors: Réthoré Julien , de Borst René , Abellan Marie‐Angèle 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe first part of this manuscript discusses a finite element method that captures arbitrary discontinuities in a two‐phase medium by exploiting the partition‐of‐unity property of finite element shape functions. The fluid flow away from the discontinuity is modelled in a standard fashion using Darcy's relation, and at the discontinuity a discrete analogy of Darcy's relation is used. Subsequently, dynamic shear banding is studied numerically for a biaxial, plane‐strain specimen. A Tresca‐like as well as a Coulomb criterion is used as nucleation criterion. Decohesion is controlled by a mode‐II fracture energy, while for the Coulomb criterion, frictional forces are transmitted across the interface in addition to the cohesive shear tractions. The effect of the different interface relations on the onset of cavitation is studied. Finally, a limited quantitative study is made on the importance of including a so‐called dynamic seepage term in Darcy's relation when considering dynamic shear banding. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Numerical simulation of crystal growth in three dimensions using a sharp‐interface finite element method
Authors: Zhao P. , Heinrich J. C. , Poirier D. R. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractA sharp‐interface numerical model is presented to simulate thermally driven crystal growth in three‐dimensional space. The model is formulated using the finite element method and works directly with primitive variables. It solves the energy equation in a fixed volume mesh while explicitly tracking the motion of the solid–liquid interface. The three‐dimensional interface is represented by connected planar triangles that form a surface mesh. To accurately capture the morphology of the growing dendrite, the surface mesh is updated every few time‐steps so that the quality of the triangles is maintained and the size of the triangles is always kept in a range associated with the element size of the fixed volume mesh. The interface curvature is calculated by a least‐squares paraboloid‐fitting to neighbouring nodes. The model is validated through a comparison with an exact solution of a three‐dimensional Stefan problem, a mesh refinement study, a mesh orientation test and a comparison with solvability theory. It is shown that the interface position is tracked to second‐order accuracy. Simulations are performed under different combinations of the undercooling and surface energy. The effects of these parameters on the growth and morphology of the dendrites are studied. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Frequency and difficulty in caregiving among spouses of individuals with cancer: effects of adult attachment and gender
Authors: Kim Youngmee , Carver Charles S. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractHow caregivers relate to care recipients can affect how well care is provided and how much burden is experienced in providing it. We conceptualized the relationship of spousal caregivers via adult attachment theory and examined how attachment qualities of caregivers related to level of caregiving involvement and difficulties in caregiving. Gender differences in the associations were also explored. From participants in the ACS Quality of Life Survey for Caregivers, 400 spousal caregivers provided valid data for the study variables. Findings indicated that frequency of various types of care was a joint function of attachment orientation and gender. In contrast, the difficulty that caregivers experienced in providing care related directly to attachment, without moderation by gender. Our findings suggest that ineffective caregivers of cancer patients, who can be identified by their attachment orientation and/or gender, may benefit from educational programs to improve their caregiving skills and to encourage them to utilize resources from other family members or community. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The cancer worry chart: a single‐item screening measure of worry about developing breast cancer
Authors: Gramling Robert , Anthony David , Frierson Georita , Bowen Deborah 
Published: November 2006

AbstractBackground: Brief pictograph measures of health functioning have clinical value to office‐based practice. Many women with a close family history of breast cancer will experience worry about their risk of developing breast cancer that influences decision‐making and can interfere with health‐related functioning.Purpose: To develop a clinically ‐ useful triage measure of breast cancer worry for the field setting of office based practice.Methods: Design: qualitative pilot testing followed by mailed survey. Survey sample: women registered with the Cancer Genetics Network who have a first or second‐degree family history of breast cancer and no personal history of any cancer. Novel measure: single pictograph item modeled upon the Dartmouth COOP Charts. Comparison gold‐standard measure: four‐item Cancer Worry Scale (CWS).Results: Pilot testing: participants found the item to be easily understood, rapidly completed and unobtrusive. Quantitative: 469 women responded (78% response rate); the Cancer Worry Chart demonstrated strong correlation to the CWS (Pearson correlation coefficient: 0.66, P < 0.001); Receiver operator curve identified favorable characteristics (AUC = 0.86) of the Cancer Worry Chart for identifying cancer worry‐related mood or social role dysfunction.Conclusions: The new Cancer Worry Chart is a valid triage measure for breast cancer worry. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ensemble docking of multiple protein structures: Considering protein structural variations in molecular docking
Authors: Huang Sheng‐You , Zou Xiaoqin 
Published: November 2006

AbstractOne approach to incorporate protein flexibility in molecular docking is the use of an ensemble consisting of multiple protein structures. Sequentially docking each ligand into a large number of protein structures is computationally too expensive to allow large‐scale database screening. It is challenging to achieve a good balance between docking accuracy and computational efficiency. In this work, we have developed a fast, novel docking algorithm utilizing multiple protein structures, referred to as ensemble docking, to account for protein structural variations. The algorithm can simultaneously dock a ligand into an ensemble of protein structures and automatically select an optimal protein structure that best fits the ligand by optimizing both ligand coordinates and the conformational variable m, where m represents the m‐th structure in the protein ensemble. The docking algorithm was validated on 10 protein ensembles containing 105 crystal structures and 87 ligands in terms of binding mode and energy score predictions. A success rate of 93% was obtained with the criterion of root‐mean‐square deviation <2.5 Å if the top five orientations for each ligand were considered, comparable to that of sequential docking in which scores for individual docking are merged into one list by re‐ranking, and significantly better than that of single rigid‐receptor docking (75% on average). Similar trends were also observed in binding score predictions and enrichment tests of virtual database screening. The ensemble docking algorithm is computationally efficient, with a computational time comparable to that for docking a ligand into a single protein structure. In contrast, the computational time for the sequential docking method increases linearly with the number of protein structures in the ensemble. The algorithm was further evaluated using a more realistic ensemble in which the corresponding bound protein structures of inhibitors were excluded. The results show that ensemble docking successfully predicts the binding modes of the inhibitors, and discriminates the inhibitors from a set of noninhibitors with similar chemical properties. Although multiple experimental structures were used in the present work, our algorithm can be easily applied to multiple protein conformations generated by computational methods, and helps improve the efficiency of other existing multiple protein structure(MPS)‐based methods to accommodate protein flexibility. Proteins 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.