bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Research on the Genetic Resources of Inulin‐Containing Chicory (Cichorium intybus)
Authors: Frese L. , Dambroth M. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractChicory has potential as a new industrial crop. However, root chicory seems to have a limited generic basis which might hamper breeding progress. The objective of the investigation was (i) TO assess the yield potential of chicory and (ii) to ascertain whether leaf chicory might be suitable to broaden the genetic basis of root chicory breeding. Forty‐nine accessions of leaf and root chicory were cultivated in field trials. Root yield/plot varied between 15.0 kg and 22.6 kg (experiment 1) and 14.8 kg and 27.0 kg (experiment 2). Total sugar content ranged between 15.2–21.8 % and 14.5–22.9 %. The corresponding values for total sugar yield are 2.32–4.12 kg and 2.38–5.45 kg. Fructose/glucose ratios ranged from 6.59 to 9.76 and 4.20 to g.22 depending on experiment and accession. Estimated on a plot oasis the highest total sugar and fructose yield was achieved by ‘Fredonia’ (10.6 t/ha and 9.5 t/ha, respectively). In addition, correlation coefficients between yield components were estimated. The correlation coefficients between total sugar content and total sugar yield ranged from, r = 0.62–0.78. The results suggest that leaf chicory may not contribute to a rapid breeding progress in root chicory within a short period.
Selection for High Tropane Alkaloid Content in Hyoscyamus muticus Plants
Authors: Oksman‐Caldentey K.‐M. , Vuorela H. , Isenegger M. , Strauss A. , Hiltunen R. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractEgyptian henbane, Hyoscyamus muticus L. (Sol‐anaceae) is an important source of pharmaceutically valuable compounds, the tropane alkaloids. Even today these alkaloids, scopolamine and hyoscyamine, are extracted on an industrial scale from plants. We have studied the possibilities of increasing the scopolamine content in H. muticus plants by selection during several generations. The quantitative scopolamine and hyoscyamine determinations were performed on the dry leaf material by radio and enzymeimmunoassay.The increased production of these alkaloids by the progenies was an inherited attribute resulting from systematic selection for high‐alkaloid‐containing plants (inbred). The scopolamine content in the F1 generation was increased by a factor of 3 and in the F4 generation by a factor of 20 compared to the P generation, respectively. The year‐to‐year fluctuation among the mean scopolamine contents of the control groups was small. The maximal scopolamine content in H. muticus strain Cairo exceeded 4%, which is the highest content so far reported in the literature.When crossing the high and low scopolamine‐producing plants, the scopolamine content of the progenies was found to be intermediate between that of the two parents, thus indicating that scopolamine synthesis is inherited by the progenies from both parents. The alkaloid production of the plants grown in the greenhouse was significantly higher than those grown in the field.
The Amphiploid Hordeum chilense× Triticum aestivum ssp. sphacrocoecum. Variability in Octoploid Tritordeum
Authors: Martin A. , Padjlla J. A. , Fernandez‐Escobar J. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractIn order to increase variability in the octopioid tritordeum a new octoploid tritordeum has been synthesized after colchicine doubling of the chromosomes of the Hordeum chilense × Triticum aestivum ssp. sphaerococcum hybrid. The amphiploid showed full pairing in 30 % of the pollen mother cells, The fertility was higher than in previous tritordeums (1.65 grains per spikelet and 43.00 grains per spike). Hybrids between the octoploid tritorceums were sterile. However, hexaploid × octopiold trhordeum hybrids were fertile and secondary tritordeums were extracted with increased fertility.
Studies of the Genetic Relationship between Anther Culture and Somatic Tissue Culture Abilities in Wheat
Authors: Agache S. , De Buyser J. , Henry Y. , Snape J. W. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractA population of thirty‐eight doubled haploid lines, developed from the F1 between two wheat parents differing in anther culture and somatic tissue culture responses, ‘was used to examine the genetical control of responses to these in vitro systems.During anther culture genetic variation between lines was exhibited for frequencies of callus induction., embryo production and embryo regeneration rates. In addition the relative frequencies of green and albino plants was shown to be genotype dependent. However, there was no correlation, between the frequencies of embryo production and the regeneration rate of those embryos suggesting an independent genetic control of these two components. Transgressive segregation for performance was observed for all components indicating that at least two genes are involved in the response of each, and lines for improved performance, combining high ernoryo production rates and good regeneration capacity were identified.No genetic variation for frequencies of callus induction from immature embryos was observed in this cross. However, genetic variation for the regeneration frequencies of plants was observed. Lines with an improved tissue culture response over the two parents were identified.There was no correlation between the performance of lines in anther culture and somatic tissue culture, indicating separate genetical control, and lines with alternative levels of response to the two systems were identified.
Nematode Resistance and Meiotic Abnormality in Diploid Sugar Beet Selected from Interspecific Beta vulgaris×B. procumbens Hybrids*
Authors: Nakamura C. , Tsuchiya T. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractTwo nematode‐resistant trisomic lines which were derived from interspecific Beta, vulgaris × B. procumbens hybrids were intercrossed or backcrossed with susceptible diploid sugar beer and their progenies were screened for nematode resistance. The transmission rate of resistance varied from 1.5 % to 47.6 % with an average of 20.4 % in the progenies of individual insomics derived from the two trisomic lines. Eleven resistant diploads were selected with a frequency of 0.2 %. These resistant diploids were classified into two groups, i.e., one group showed relatively high transmission rates of resistance with an average of 25.4 % and the other extremely low with an average of 1.2 % in their backcrossed and s el fed progenies., Meiotic chromosome behavior in a resistant diploid group with high transmission rates was considerably normal as compared to that in a resistant diploid group with low transmission rates. Chromatid bridges and acertric fragments were detected in 93 % of resistant diploids and in 46 % of susceptible diploids. Two different sized fragments occurred in resistant diploids, while only a smaller fragment was present in susceptible diploids. A frequency of sporocytes with bridges‐fragments was 17.4% at anaphase I and 13.9 % at anaphase II in resistant diploids, while in susceptible diploids a frequency was 2.9 % and 5.3 % at the respective stages. These results suggest that at least two paracentric inversions are present in resistant diploids, one of which is linked to nernatode resistance and may be responsible for the low transmission rate of resistance.
Frequencies of Vertical Resistances and Virulences in the Rye‐Powdery Mildew Pathosystem*
Authors: Geiger H. H. , Schuhmacher Andrea E. , Billenkamp N. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractNine populations of rye (Secale cereale L.; the cultivars ‘Kustro’, ‘Danko’ and ‘Carokurz’. a breeding population PA 14/75 and five Iranian primitive ryes) were tested with three or two pathotypes of powder)’ mildew (Erysiphe graminis DC. f. sp. secalis Marchal) to determine the frequencies of vertical resistances. Similarly, three populations of powder)’ mildew isolated from the above eultivars were tested with two rye pathodemes to estimate the frequencies of vertical virulences. Tests were carried out on leaf segments cultivated in vitro.To explain the pattern of the host‐parasite interaction, a model with at least four resistance and virulence genes was required. In the rye populations the genotypes of most plants could be determined unambiguously whereas in the powdery mildew populations no unique classification of one‐postule isolates was possible due to the limited number of rye differentials.Both the host and the pathogen populations were polymorphic for resistance and virulence, respectively. In all lye populations except PA 14/75 the resistance frequencies were low. In the mildew populations the virulence frequencies were high and complex races occurred rather frequently. The virulence frequencies were related to the resistance frequencies of the respective host population.Results were compared with mathematical host‐parasite models accounting for gene‐for‐gene interaction and balancing natural selection. Observations agree well with theory.
Inheritance of Eye Pattern and Seed Coat Colour in Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata [L.] Walp.)
Authors: Drabo I. , Ladeinde T. A. O. , Smithson J. B. , Redden R. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe F2 progenies of crosses between several cowpea (V. unguiculata) lines were investigated for variation of eye pattern and seed coat colour. It was found that three (W, H, O) and five (R, P, B, M, N) major genes control eye pattern and seed coat colour, respectively. The recessive gene (GO) for restricted eye pattern enables the underlying basic white or cream seed coat colour to be observed. A similar effect is obtained with the recessive gene (rr) for colour expression. The expression of mottling (V), possibly a seed coat pattern, may for be observed when it is combined with the genes for certain eye patterns. The significance of these findings in breeding for consumer preference for specific seed coat colour is discussed.
Classification of Global Environments and Cultivars of Spring Barley Based on Heading Time Interactions
Authors: Gallagher L. W. , Soliman K. M. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractGlobal heading time data collected by the International Center for Maize and Wheat Improvement (CIMMYT) during the International Barley Yield Trials were used to assess similarity of environments, variation among cultivars, and genotype × environment interactions. Data for 29 spring barley cultivars grown in 89 environments over three years were analyzed by cluster analysis. The deviation m days to heading of the mean of 28 photoperiod sensitive cultivars from the cultivar ‘Mona’ and the mean of ‘Mona’, homozygous recessive for the eak gene conferring photoperiod insensitivity and thermal stability, were used as environmental coordinates. In addition, diversity of heading time responses among genotypes was illustrated by differences among overall means and patterns of deviation for days to heading from ‘Mona’ in selected environments.Three main clusters were identified. Mexican environments were similar to warmer Mediterranean, eastern and southern African, West Asian, and Latin American environments. Heading time responses in Syria were similar to those observed m other cool Mediterranean environments.Early heading cultivars exhibited greater variation for heading response, especially in extremely warm‐and equaiorial‐ short daylength environments, com‐pared to late heading cultivars, presumably because of larger photothermal × genotype interactions. Photoperiod flux about the winter solstice appeared to be a major environmental cue for heading time in photoperiod sensitive spring barleys.
The Growth in Culture of Detached Ovaries of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell)
Authors: Mathias R. J. , Boyd L. A. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractViable embryos have been recovered from fertilized wheat (Triticum aestivum) ovaries detached on the day of, or up to 7 days post‐, anthesis and cultured aseptically fur up to 18 days. The most significant factors in determining the yield of embryos was the plating density, age and complexity of the explants. 26% of ovaries excised on the day of anthesis produced viable embryos if cultured as pairs of florets. The potential use of detached ovary cultures in gametophyte microinjection experiments, rescuing embryos from wide crosses and in chemically manipulating the early stages of embryo development are discussed.
Independent Inheritance of Erucic Acid Content and Flower Colour in the C‐Genome of Brassica napus L.
Authors: Chen B. Y. , Heneen W. K. , Jönsson R. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe synthetic Brassica napus L. line No7076 was obtained from a cross between yellow‐flowered and zero‐erucic turnip rape (B. campestris) Sv85‐38301 and white‐flowered and high‐erucic (41.4%) B. oleracea ssp. alboglabra No6510. This synthetic B. napus is pale‐flowered and has an average erucic acid content of 25.8 %. It was crossed with the yellow‐flowered and zero‐erucic B. napus line SvS4‐2S053 and segregation of the erucic acid content and flower colour was studied in F1 and F2 generations. The high erucic acid content was controlled by a single gene in the C‐genome and was additively inherited. Strong evidence was obtained in support of independent segregation of the erucic‐arid content and the flower colour characters controlled by the C‐genome of B. napus.
Effects of Temperature on Pollen Tube Growth and Fruit Set in Reciprocal Crosses Between Cucumis sativus and C. metuliferus
Authors: Franken J. , Custers J. B. M. , Bino R. J. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractInterspecific hybridization between Cucumis sativus and C. metuliferus may be used to introduce disease resistance into the cultivated cucumber. Hybrid plant development, however, is restricted by strong barriers to crossing. The present study was undertaken to examine temperature effects on pollen tube growth and fruit set in reciprocal crosses between C. sativus and C. metuliferus. When crossing C. sativus×C. metuliferus, at 20°C, pollen tube growth was arrested in the stylar region of the pistil and no fruits containing embryos were found. However, at 23° and 26°C, C. metuliferus pollen tubes penetrated into the C. sativus ovules. The enhanced pollen tube penetration was correlated with improved embryo development. Although pre‐fertilization barriers were overcome, post‐fertilization barriers caused abortion of hybrid embryo development at the globular stage.No effects of higher temperatures were found in the cross C. metuliferus×C. sativus; Pollen tubes were generally arrested in the stylar region of the pistil.
Karyotype Analysis of Sesbania rostrata Brem.
Authors: Joshua D. C. , Bhatia C. R. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe karyotype of Sesbania rostrata, a species endemic to West Africa, which produces nitrogen fixing, nodules on stem and branches, was analysed. The somatic chromosome number was 12 with two pairs of long, submetacentric and four pairs of short, metacentric chromosomes. The chromosome number in another species S. aculeata, which is well adapted as a green manure crop in India but not capable of stem nodulation, was also 2n = 12. The similarity between the chromosome complements of the two species indicates that they may be cross compatible.
Effects of Wheat Chromosome 1D Telosomes on Hybrid Seed Development in Wheat × Rye Crosses
Authors: Marais G. F. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractPollination of ‘Chinese Spring,’ monosome 1D plants with rye results in failure of hybrid seed development in a proportion of the F1 seeds corresponding to the transmission rate of the nullisomic 1D egg cells. Development and viability of these hybrid seeds closely resemble that normally observed in T. aurum× rye crosses. Using ‘Chinese Spring’ chromosome ID telosomic plants in crosses with rye, it was possible to illustrate that the observed effect was associated with the long arm of this chromosome.
Identification of the Chromosomes in the ‘Esto’ Set of Rye Trisomics
Authors: Melz G. , Schlegel R. , Sybenga J. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe original identification of the chromosomes involved in each of the lines of the act of primary trisomics of winter rye variety ‘Esto’ does not correspond with recent results of gene localization studies. Using known morphological marker genes, N‐banding and test crossing with the standard translocation tester set, a more precise identification was possible. In the nomenclature of the Triticinae, the lines can be designated as follows: A = 7R; B = 5R; C = 2R; D = 3R; E = 4R; F = 6R; G = 1R.
Genetics of Hybrid Necrosis in Rye
Authors: Ren Z. L. , Lelley T. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractIn diploid rye, two genes were detected which cause hybrid necrosis by complementary action if both are present in dominant condition. Moreover, these genes cause hybrid necrosis in triticale complementing with cither one of the two genes, Ne1 and Ne2 which are known to cause hybrid necrosis in wheat. It is suggested, that the two genes in rye are named Ner1 and Ner2 corresponding to the wheat gene with which they complement in triticale. The consequences of the presence of necrosis genes in rye populations for breeding of rye are discussed.
Chromosomal Location of Dimeric Phosphatase Structural Genes in Hexaploid Wheat
Authors: Sánchez M. M. , Elorrieta M. A. , Bemto C. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractStructural genes for leaf dimeric phosphatases (E.C. 3.1,3.2.) have been located on wheat chromosome arms 7BL and 7DL. No gene was found on 7AL. The results obtained pointed to the existence of two kinds of wheat phosphatases (monomers and dimers j located on different homoeologous groups, which is in agreement with results found in Secale cereale and Agropyron intermedium. These results allow homoeologous relationships to be established through the classification of dimeric phosphatases and also provides another useful genetic marker for the 7BL and 7DL arms., They also provide further support for die concept of the conservation of gene synteny groups within the Triticnae.
A Combined Univariate and Multivariate Approach for Selecting High Performing Genotypes of Vicia faba L.
Authors: de Pace C. , Filippetti A. , Ricciardi L. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractHigh performing V. faba genotypes have been successfully selected using an approach that combines the univariate and multivariate biometrical analyses of F|S from two complete 7×7 and 9×9 diallel cross experiments. The method used in the analyses included canonical analysis and cluster analysis of the phenotypic and genetic variance‐covariance matrices. All analyses have been applied, to the yield and yield components. Results of analyses provided information on the unit of selection, the selection criteria, and the selection procedure. The choice of an array of F1S seems to be more efficient than the choice of a single F2. Among the yield components studied, 100‐seed weight is the most important selection criterion which can improve yield most efficiently. The detected importance of the nonadditive genetic effects is that selection after intercrossing random plants from the mixed F1 progenies of the same array is expected to be more effective than selection after Selfing.
Glucosinolates Determined by HPLC in the Seeds of Microspore‐Derived Homozygous Lines of Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)*
Authors: Lichter R. , de Groot E. , Fiebig D. , Schweiger R. , Gland A. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractMicrospore culture was employed to measure the relative efficiencies of anther culture and isolated microspore culture for the regeneration of embryoids and plants of Brassica napus. The yield of embryoids and plants was at least 10‐fold greater from isolated microspores than from anther cultures. Approximately 1400 microspore‐derived homozygous line's, the parental varieties and the corresponding F2 plants were grown in a field trial.Important agricultural characteristics, such as morphological homogeneity, growth rate, onset of flowering and seed setting were evaluated subjectively and seed yield and glucosinolate content of individual plants were determined. The relative concentrations of up to S different glucosinolates in these seeds were measured via an automated high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) system. The alkenyl and indole glucosinolates, the two most important categories of glucosinolates, were found in varying proportions and were independently determined in these line's. Our results do not support the previously suggested connection between low concentrations of glucosinolates and weak growth and/or poor seed yield. Additionally, no evidence was found that the lines derived from isolated microspore culture were subjected to unexpected selection pressures that might adversely affect the diversity of the lines obtained. These results demonstrate that microspore culture is a powerful tool not only for genetic analysis bur also for practical plant breeding.
The Influence of Plant Developmental Stage on Expression of Resistance to leaf Rust (Puccinia recondita) in Two Near Isogenic Lines of Wheat
Authors: Kumar Rajindra , Sawhney R. N. , Sharma J. B. , Chopra V. L. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractCultivar ‘Thatcher’, and ‘Thatcher’ lines with Lr 21 and Lr 22 were studied against a number of races of Puccinia recondita for seedling and adult plant reaction. The study has established that Lr 21 and Lr 22 are genes effective against P. recondita at adult plant stage. It has also shown that these genes confer resistance against all races when plants are inoculated at boot leaf stage.
Presence of Gene Del in Wild Species of the Genus Lycopersicon Mill.
Authors: Chalukova M. , Stoeva P. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe carotene composition of the fruits of F1 hybrids between Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. — cv. 1/D (genotype Del+Dd+) and wild species of genus Lycopersicon with various fruit pigmentation — red, orange, and green — has been investigated. The results reveal that the red and orange‐fruited species carry the recessive allele Del+, while the green‐fruited species carry a δ‐carotene gene which is identical or similar in action to the dominant gene Del. The test of allelism that has been carried out proves that the δ‐carotene gene from Lycopersicon pennellii Corr. is allelic to gene Del.
Correlation and Path Analysis in Jasmine
Authors: Srivastava H. C. , Devaiah K. A. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractCorrelations among 11 morpho‐economic characters and their path analysis were studied using 16 genotype of jasmine. The weight of 100 flowers was significantly associated with the Dower diameter, petal width, petal length, anther length, floral bud length and width, and 100 bud weight in positive direction. Path coefficient analysis revealed 100 flower bud weight and flower diameter to have high direct effect in positive direction. All the other characters affected the yield indirectly through these two characters, indicating that 100 floral bud weight and flower diameter could be taken as selection index.
Comparative Analysis of High‐Molecular‐Weight Glutenin Subunit Composition in Various Triticum Species
Authors: Vallega V. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractVariation in high‐molecular‐weight glutenin subunit composition amongst Triticum durum cvs. of different origins was investigated by SDS‐PAGE and compared with that reported for T. dicoccum and T. aestivum. Tetraploid wheat collections (408 cvs.) were found to carry nearly twice as many Glu‐A1 and Glu‐B1 alleles as a hexaploid wheat sample of comparable size. In each of the taxa considered, allelic variation at the Glu‐B1 locus was markedly greater than that observed for Glu‐A1. However, because all the Glu‐B1 subunits so far discovered exhibit a restricted and distinctive mobility range during. SDS‐PAGE, it is suggested that they are derived from a single source, possibly from Aegilops searsii. Most durum cvs. carried a ‘null’Glu‐A1 allele and therefore fewer subunits than dicoccums and common wheats. It is argued that differences in the frequency of occurrence of ‘null’Glu‐1 alleles between taxa probably resulted from random samplings made by early agriculturalists and breeders, rather than from an inherent tendency of polyploid wheats to suppress the activity of “redundant” genes.