bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modelling phenanthrene biodegradation and mineralisation in polluted soil using toluene as gaseous cosubstrate
Authors: Ortiz Irmene , Revah Sergio 
Published: September 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: Mathematical models describing the physical, chemical and biological processes that take place in bioremediation are necessary to design and optimise these technologies. This work models the effect of toluene as a gaseous cosubstrate in the degradation of phenanthrene in soil, considering the consumption of pollutants, the production of intermediate degradation compounds and mineralisation. The proposed model consists of a set of sequential reactions to convert phenanthrene to carbon dioxide and biomass with the production and consumption of phthalic acid, which is the main intermediate metabolite.RESULTS: The considerations of the model were supported by experimental data, and it was evaluated for phenanthrene degradation kinetics with previously reported packed column reactor experiments. The mathematical model proposed describes the mineralisation of phenanthrene accurately and also predicts a reduced accumulation of phthalic acid when toluene is added as cosubstrate. The model fits the experimental data of phenanthrene degradation when toluene is added but slightly overestimates the residual phenanthrene in the control case.CONCLUSION: The simplified model of sequential reactions represents the column experiments (P < 0.05) for phenanthrene degradation and mineralisation with toluene as cosubstrate, considerating the production and consumption of phthalic acid. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Types and numbers of sensilla on antennae and maxillary palps of small and large houseflies, Musca domestica (Diptera, Muscidae)
Authors: Smallegange Renate C. , Kelling Frits J. , Otter Cornelis J. Den 
Published: September 2008

AbstractHouseflies, Musca domestica, obtained from a high‐larval‐density culture were significantly (ca. 1.5 times) smaller than those from a low‐larval‐density culture. The same held true for their antennae and maxillary palps. Structure, number, and distribution of sensilla on antennae and palps of small and large flies were investigated using Scanning electron microscopy and Transmission electron microscopy. In each funiculus three pits were present, two (Type I) consisting of several compartments and one (Type II) of one compartment. Four types of olfactory sensilla were detected: trichoid sensilla on the funiculi, basiconic sensilla on funiculi and palps, grooved sensilla on funiculi and in pits Type I, and clavate sensilla on funiculi and in pits Type II. Type I pits also contained striated sensilla (presumably hygroreceptors). Mechanosensory bristles were present on scapes, pedicels, and palps. Noninnervated microtrichia were found on the palps and all antennal segments. The large houseflies possessed nearly twice as much sensilla as the small flies. So far, we did not observe differences in behavior between small and large flies. We assumed that small flies, being olfactory less equipped than large flies, may be able to compensate for this by, e.g., visual cues or by their olfactory sensilla being more sensitive than those of large flies. To be able to answer these questions careful studies have to be done on the behavioral reponses of small and large flies to environmental stimuli. In addition, electrophysiological studies should be performed to reveal whether the responses of individual sensilla of flies reared under different conditions have been changed. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of vegetation map change in MM5 simulations of southern Africa's summer climate
Authors: MacKellar Neil C. , Tadross Mark A. , Hewitson Bruce C. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractA regional climate model is used to assess potential climatic impacts of altering the vegetation map of southern Africa from an estimated natural state to present‐day conditions. The Pennsylvania State University‐National Center for Atmospheric Research Mesoscale Model (MM5) is integrated from 1 August to 28 February for 1988/1989, 1991/1992 and 1995/1996 for two spatial vegetation representations: (1) potential natural vegetation as predicted by the Sheffield Dynamic Global Vegetation Model, and (2) current conditions given by the United States Geological Survey land‐surface classification. Significant impacts on mean September–November (SON) and December–February (DJF) surface climate arise from the change in vegetation, the most notable of which is cooling over large parts of the continent in SON, which gives rise to increased large‐scale subsidence and decreased moisture convergence. Resultant decreases in rainfall causes a hydrological feedback through reduced latent heat flux which mitigates the initial cooling and weakens the positive geopotential height bias in DJF. The increase in geopotential height extends vertically up to 500 hPa, which potentially has important implications for regional moisture transport over southern Africa. Copyright © 2008 Royal Meteorological Society
Vibrational analysis of trans‐stilbene in the excited singlet state by time‐dependent density functional theory: calculations of the Raman, infrared, and fluorescence excitation spectra
Authors: Tsumura Kyosuke , Furuya Kazuhiko , Sakamoto Akira , Tasumi Mitsuo 
Published: September 2008

AbstractTime‐dependent density functional theory (TD‐DFT), together with the analytic calculation of gradients and numerical calculation of the Hessian matrix, has been applied to calculate the Raman, infrared, and fluorescence excitation spectra of trans‐stilbene (tSB) in the lowest excited singlet (S1) state. The TURBOMOLE program package has been used at the B3LYP/6‐311 + + G(d,p) level, and the results obtained are found useful for analyzing a wide range of experimental results so far obtained by many authors. The advantage of TD‐DFT over other methods in performing such calculations seems to lie in its capability of treating electron correlation more appropriately with computational resources currently available. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterization of p‐coumarate accumulation, p‐coumaroyl transferase, and cell wall changes during the development of corn stems
Authors: Hatfield Ronald D , Marita Jane M , Frost Kenneth 
Published: September 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: Developmental changes occur in corn (Zea mays L.) stems from cell initiation to fully mature cell types. During cell wall maturation the lignin is acylated with p‐coumarates (pCA). This work describes characterization studies of the p‐coumaroylation process in relation to corn stem development.RESULTS: Corn plants from three locations were harvested and tissues were analyzed from all nodes and even‐numbered internodes above soil line. Changes in carbohydrates reflect a shift to lignification at the expense of structural polysaccharide synthesis. Accumulation of pCA paralleled the incorporation of lignin while ferulate (FA) remained relatively constant as a proportion of the cell wall (5–7 g kg−1 CW). The p‐coumaroyl transferase (pCAT), which is responsible for attaching pCA to lignin monomers, displayed maximum levels of activity in the middle region of the stem (internodes 10–12, 2–3 nmol L−1 min−1 mg−1). The syringyl content as a proportion of the total lignin did not change significantly with cell wall maturation although there was a trend towards increased amounts of syringyl units in the more mature cell walls.CONCLUSIONS: Incorporation of pCA into corn cell walls not only mirrored lignification but the pCAT activity as well. Levels of pCAT activity may be an indicator of rapid lignification specifically for syringyl type lignin. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Total and organic mercury, selenium and α‐tocopherol in some deep‐water fish species
Authors: Afonso Cláudia , Lourenço Helena M , Pereira Cátia , Martins Maria F , Carvalho Maria L , Castro Matilde , Nunes Maria L 
Published: September 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: Mercury is a well‐known toxic element present in seafood. Nevertheless some antioxidants, like selenium, as an integral component of the enzyme glutathione peroxidase, and α‐tocopherol having a protective role against it, are present as well. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the levels of total mercury (HgT), organic mercury (HgOrg), Se and α‐tocopherol in some adult deep‐water fish species caught off Portuguese waters.RESULTS: Levels of HgT were above EU limits in 6% of Lophius spp. and Aphanopus carbo, 2% of Lepidorhombus spp. and 70% of Helicolenus dactylopterus. HgOrg represented the major fraction (more than 84%) of HgT in all studied muscles. The selenium concentration in muscle was similar in all species (about 0.4 mg kg−1 wet weight) and the highest level of α‐tocopherol (70 mg kg−1 wet weight) was found in Aphanopus carbo.CONCLUSION: The muscle of all species studied is a good source of selenium, but only can give a small contribution of α‐tocopherol. Attending to the provisional tolerable weekly intake established by the WHO/FAO for methylmercury, it appears that the species studied should be consumed sparingly. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Early Posttransplant Hepatic Venous Outflow Obstruction: Long-Term Efficacy of Primary Stent Placement
Authors: Ko Gi-Young , Sung Kyu-Bo , Yoon Hyun-Ki , Kim Kyung Rae , Kim Jin Hyoung , Gwon Dong Il , Lee Sung Gyu 
Published: September 2008

Although balloon angioplasty has been accepted as the safe and effective initial treatment to manage hepatic venous outflow abnormalities, it may induce rupture of the fresh anastomosis but also may be ineffective to eliminate various etiologies of venous outflow abnormalities in the early post-transplant period. Therefore, we performed primary stent placement in 108 patients to treat early-onset (≤4 weeks) post-transplant hepatic venous outflow abnormality. The following parameters were documented retrospectively: technical success and complications: clinical success; recurrence; and patency of stent-inserted hepatic veins.
Technical success was achieved in 166 (97.6%) of 170 anastomoses (107 patients). Major complications occurred in 5 (4.6%) patients: partial stent migration (n = 2) and stent malposition (n = 3). Clinical success was achieved in 83 (82.2%) of 101 patients who had abnormal liver enzymes or clinical symptoms. Seven patients without initial clinical symptoms have remained healthy. Restenosis or occlusion of the stent-inserted hepatic veins was documented in 22 patients at a mean of 9.6 ± 8.6 months after stent placement. Four of them underwent stent replacement or retransplantation due to liver function deterioration. Overall 1-, 3-, and 5-year primary patency rates were 82.3 ± 0.3%, 75.0 ± 0.4%, and 72.4 ± 0.5%, respectively. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that diameter of stents was an independent factor associated with patency of stents (p = 0.001).
Primary stent placement seems to be an effective treatment modality with an acceptable long-term patency to treat early post-transplant hepatic venous outflow obstruction. Liver Transpl 14:1505–1511, 2008. © 2008 AASLD.
Electron Spin Resonance Spin Trapping Technique: Application to the Cleavage Process of Photoinitiators
Authors: Criqui Adrien , Lalevée Jacques , Allonas Xavier , Fouassier Jean‐Pierre 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe cleavage of different photoinitiators (PIs) of polymerization is investigated by the ESR spin trapping using two different spin traps (STs): 5,5′‐dimethyl‐1‐pyrrolineN‐oxide (DMPO) and phenylN‐tert‐butyl nitrone (PBN). The hyperfine splitting constants for the different adducts are measured and provide a new set of data. These results show a difference of selectivity between the two (STs) and outline their complementarities.magnified image
Copolymerization of Hepta‐1,6‐diene with Ethylene Catalyzed by Cobalt Complexes
Authors: Takeuchi Daisuke , Matsuura Ryuichi , Osakada Kohtaro 
Published: September 2008

AbstractCopolymerization of hepta‐1,6‐diene with ethylene using a cobalt–bis(imino)pyridine complex affords a polymer that contains trans‐1,2‐five‐membered rings in the repeating unit from hepta‐1,6‐diene. The ratio of the repeating units of diene to those of ethylene is controlled from 3: 97 to 50:50, depending on the reaction conditions. Isotope‐labeling reactions reveal that the major chain transfer pathway involves β‐hydrogen elimination of the polymer end formed after ethylene insertion.magnified image
Spectrum of movement disorders associated with glutaric aciduria type 1: A study of 16 patients
Authors: Gitiaux Cyril , Roze Emmanuel , Kinugawa Kiyoka , Flamand‐Rouvière Constance , Boddaert Nathalie , Apartis Emmanuelle , Valayannopoulos Vassili , Touati Guy , Motte Jacques , Devos David , Mention Karine , Dobbelaere Dries , Rodriguez Diana , Roubertie Agathe , Chabrol Brigitte , Feillet François , Vidailhet Marie , Bahi‐Buisson Nadia 
Published: September 2008

AbstractGlutaric aciduria type 1 (GA1) is an autosomal recessive neurometabolic disorder due to glutaryl CoA dehydrogenase deficiency. Comprehensive descriptions of GA1‐associated movement disorders are rare. In order to refine the description of the motor phenotype, we prospectively studied 16 consecutive pediatric and adult GA1 patients, focusing on the movement disorders and their time course. In most patients, generalized dystonia, superimposed on baseline axial hypotonia, remained the predominant feature throughout the disease course. With aging, it tended to evolve from mobile to fixed dystonia and to be associated with akinetic‐rigid parkinsonism. Prominent orofacial involvement was a consistent feature in GA1 patients with movement disorders, resulting in speech disorders with features of combined hyperkinetic dysarthria and speech apraxia. The types and outcome of movement disorders in this setting should be taken into consideration during rehabilitation and for patient selection and evaluation in therapeutic trials. © 2008 Movement Disorder Society
Levodopa affects functional brain networks in parkinsonian resting tremor
Authors: Pollok Bettina , Makhloufi Houssain , Butz Markus , Gross Joachim , Timmermann Lars , Wojtecki Lars , Schnitzler Alfons 
Published: September 2008

AbstractResting tremor in idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD) is associated with an oscillatory network comprising cortical as well as subcortical brain areas. To shed light on the effect of levodopa on these network interactions, we investigated 10 patients with tremor‐dominant PD and reanalyzed data in 11 healthy volunteers mimicking PD resting tremor. To this end, we recorded surface electromyograms of forearm muscles and neuromagnetic activity using a 122‐channel whole‐head magnetometer (MEG). Measurements were performed after overnight withdrawal of levodopa (OFF) and 30 min after oral application of fast‐acting levodopa (ON). During OFF, patients showed the typical antagonistic resting tremor. Using the analysis toolDynamic Imaging of Coherent Sources, we identified the oscillatory network associated with tremor comprising contralateral primary sensorimotor cortex (S1/M1), supplementary motor area (SMA), contralateral premotor cortex (PMC), thalamus, secondary somatosensory cortex (S2), posterior parietal cortex (PPC), and ipsilateral cerebellum oscillating at 8 to 10 Hz. After intake of levodopa, we found a significant decrease of cerebro‐cerebral coupling between thalamus and motor cortical areas. Similarly, in healthy controls mimicking resting tremor, we found a significant decrease of functional interaction within a thalamus–premotor–motor network during rest. However, in patients with PD, decrease of functional interaction between thalamus and PMC was significantly stronger when compared with healthy controls. These data support the hypothesis that (1) in patients with PD the basal ganglia and motor cortical structures become more closely entrained and (2) levodopa is associated with normalization of the functional interaction between thalamus and motor cortical areas. © 2008 Movement Disorder Society
Structural findings in the basal ganglia in genetically determined and idiopathic Parkinson's disease
Authors: Reetz Kathrin , Gaser Christian , Klein Christine , Hagenah Johannes , Büchel Christian , Gottschalk Stefan , Pramstaller Peter P. , Siebner Hartwig R. , Binkofski Ferdinand 
Published: September 2008

AbstractA bilateral compensatory increase of basal ganglia (BG) gray matter value (GMV) was recently demonstrated in asymptomatic Parkin mutation carriers, who likely have an increased risk to develop Parkinson's disease (PD). We hypothesized BG morphological changes in symptomatic Parkin mutation carriers (sPARKIN‐MC) and idiopathic PD patients (iPD) after the occurrence of PD symptoms, reflecting the breakdown of compensatory mechanisms. Nine sPARKIN‐MC, 14 iPD, and 24 controls were studied clinically and with voxel‐based morphometry. Analysis of variance revealed mainly BG decrease of GMV in sPARKIN‐MC and to a lesser extent in iPD. However, a slight increase in GMV was also found in the right globus pallidus externus in sPARKIN‐MC and in the right putamen in iPD. This may reflect a structural correlate of functional compensation that can only partially be maintained when nigrostriatal neurodegeneration becomes manifest. Simple regression analyses with the UPDRS‐III and disease duration score revealed a distinct more bilateral linear decrease of BG GMV in sPARKIN‐MC than in iPD that may correspond to previous findings showing a symmetric reduction in putaminal 18F‐DOPA‐uptake and bilateral manifestation of symptoms in sPARKIN‐MC. In symptomatic PD, BG are subject to a progressive atrophy, which gradually increases with disease severity and duration. © 2008 Movement Disorder Society
The effect of weather conditions on the Oxford–Cambridge University Boat Race
Authors: Morris Benjamin J. , Phillips Ian D. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe sensitivity of Oxford–Cambridge University Boat Race finishing times to changing weather conditions was assessed over the period 1949–2006. Predictors of race times included tide height and river discharge as well as standard weather variables (temperature, humidity, wind speed and wind direction). As the Race is rowed against the flow of the River Thames, quicker races are favoured when a low river discharge is combined with a high tide and a SE wind. Wind speed and direction exert a much greater influence on race times than temperature and humidity. The zonal (W–E) wind speed explained 28.5% of the year‐to‐year variations in finishing times between 1967 and 2005, with races taking place under a westerly wind being on average 1 min and 27 s slower than races rowed under easterly conditions. The combined effects of the wind, river discharge and tide height accounted for 42.9% of the inter‐annual variance in race times over a 39 year period. Races rowed under cooler conditions tended to be slightly slower. The results are discussed in the context of the biometeorological literature and the hydrodynamics of the Boat Race course. Copyright © 2008 Royal Meteorological Society
Evaluation of the WCRP‐CMIP3 model simulations in the La Plata basin
Authors: Silvestri Gabriel , Vera Carolina 
Published: September 2008

AbstractIn this article, an assessment of the climate simulations for the La Plata Basin (LPB) by the Phase 3 of the World Climate Research Programme—Coupled Model Intercomparison Project is made. The LPB covers a wide area over south‐eastern South America, and is the fifth largest basin in the world in terms of geographical extent.It was found that the observed warm summer—cold winter pattern of temperature is well represented by the climate models but they have deficiencies in reproducing the monthly mean temperature values. The largest differences take place during spring and summer, seasons in which the models exhibit temperatures higher than observations.Models are able to represent the annual cycle of precipitation in the north of the LPB but some deficiencies are observed in the centre and south. In addition, there is an overestimation of heavy (light) rain events at the northern (central and southern) portion of the basin.Results also show that the projected precipitation future change is positive in autumn and winter in the northern LPB as well as in most of the year in the centre and south of the basin. The precipitation distributions show an increase (decrease) in the frequency of low rainfall (heavy rainfall) events in the north of LPB and opposite change in the centre and south. Nevertheless, considerable inter‐model variability is found in the representation of the precipitation features at both present and future climate that make quite uncertain the quantification of those projected changes. Copyright © 2008 Royal Meteorological Society
Pedagogy for policy analysis and management
Authors: O'Hare Michael 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThis essay presents two pedagogical models found in public policy programs, and attends (less exhaustively) to the managerial environment in which they coexist. The models are, of course, lecturing in all its various versions, and the cluster of teaching practices called case‐method teaching, student‐centered learning, active learning, experiential learning, discussion‐based teaching, and the like. The central question addressed is: How can it be that we still don't know which is better, or which is better for what, if know means anything like what it means in the larger policy analytic paradigm? Research comparing practices can improve our choices and outcomes.1212Thanks to myriad colleagues (especially) John Boehrer, J. Mark Schuster, Eugene Bardach, and David Kirp, plus my cohort of 2005–06 Presidential Chair Fellows and that program's very committed leader, Steve Tollefson, for discussions of pedagogy that have reminded me over the years that teaching could be an intellectually demanding, rigorous, and collaborative enterprise, and to Robert MacCoun for comments on drafts of this paper.
Ranking state fiscal structures using theory and evidence
Authors: Bania Neil , Stone Joe A. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThis paper offers unique rankings of the extent to which fiscal structures of U.S. states contribute to economic growth. The rankings are novel in two key respects: They are well grounded in established growth theory, in which the effect of taxes depends both on the level of taxes and on the composition of expenditures; and they are derived from actual estimates of the link between fiscal structures and economic growth. Estimates for the latter yield a growth hill, in which the incremental effect of taxes spent on productive services and infrastructure initially rises, reaches a peak, and then declines. Rankings derived from these estimates differ sharply from typical rankings based on levels of taxation alone. Two hypothetical policy experiments highlight both the growth‐hill effects of tax investments in productive services and infrastructure and the short‐ and long‐term tradeoffs in attempting to fund strong social services. © 2008 by the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management.