bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tectonothermal evolution of a foreland fold and thrust belt: the Cantabrian Zone (Iberian Variscan belt, NW Spain)
Authors: García‐López Susana , Brime Covadonga , Valín M. Luz , Sanz‐López Javier , Bastida Fernando , Aller Jesús , Blanco‐Ferrera Silvia 
Published: November 2007

AbstractAnalysis of the conodont colour alteration index and the Kübler index of illite allowed us the characterization of four types of very low‐ or low‐grade metamorphism in the Cantabrian Zone (CZ) and determination of their regional and temporal distribution. These types are: (1) an orogenic Variscan metamorphism present only in restricted areas of the western and north‐western parts of the CZ where epizonal conditions are reached; (2) a burial metamorphism that appears in the basal part of some nappes, where anchizonal conditions are sometimes achieved; the thermal peak preceded emplacement of the nappes; (3) a late‐Variscan metamorphism in the southern and south‐eastern parts of the CZ; a cleavage, cutting most of the Variscan folds, is associated with this metamorphism, which has been related to an extensional episode; (4) a contact metamorphism and hydrothermal activity associated with minor intrusive bodies. The extension continued after the Variscan deformation giving rise to hydrothermal activity during Permian times.
Post‐Variscan tectonics in eastern Anti‐Atlas (Morocco)
Authors: Malusà Marco G. , Polino Riccardo , Feroni Andrea Cerrina , Ellero Alessandro , Ottria Giuseppe , Baidder Lahssen , Musumeci Giovanni 
Published: November 2007

AbstractNew field data integrated by fission‐track (FT) analysis unravel an innovative scenario for the post‐Variscan evolution of the eastern Anti‐Atlas. This area, unaffected by Meso‐Cenozoic tectonics according to most workers, is crosscut by crustal faults bearing evidence of a polyphase deformation history. Apatite FT ages, ranging between 284 and 88 Ma, point to fast Neogene exhumation and unravel contrasting cooling paths across major faults. Results show that the study area was buried beneath 2 km of allochthonous Variscan units, now eroded. The eastern Anti‐Atlas acted as the southern shoulder of the Atlasic rift in the Mesozoic, and underwent a dextral transpressional structuring of Neogene age followed by sub‐meridian shortening. The southern front of Atlasic deformation is therefore located inside the Anti‐Atlas region, and it is still active.
Environmental stress and the costs of whole‐organism phenotypic plasticity in tadpoles
Authors: STEINER U. K. , VAN BUSKIRK J. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractCosts of phenotypic plasticity are important for the evolution of plasticity because they prevent organisms from shaping themselves at will to match heterogeneous environments. These costs occur when plastic genotypes have relatively low fitness regardless of the trait value expressed. We report two experiments in which we measured selection on predator‐induced plasticity in the behaviour and external morphology of frog tadpoles (Rana temporaria). We assessed costs under stressful and benign conditions, measured fitness as larval growth rate or competitive ability and focused analysis on aggregate measures of whole‐organism plasticity. There was little convincing evidence for a cost of phenotypic plasticity in our experiments, and costs of canalization were nearly as frequent as costs of plasticity. Neither the magnitude of the cost nor the variation around the estimate (detectability) was sensitive to environmental stress.
Genetic basis of adaptive evolution of a polyphenism by genetic accommodation
Authors: SUZUKI Y. , NIJHOUT H. F. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractPolyphenisms are evolved adaptations in which a genome produces discrete alternative phenotypes in different environments. In this study, the genetic basis of the evolution of a polyphenism by genetic accommodation was investigated. A polyphenic strain and a monophenic strain of Manduca sexta (L.) were crossed and the F1 offspring and backcross progeny were analysed. The larval colour polyphenism was found to be regulated by one sex‐linked gene of major effect and many smaller effect modifier genes. The finding shows that the mechanism of genetic accommodation relies on genetic changes that are consistent with the current view of the genetic basis of adaptive evolution.
Hormones and honest signals: males with larger ornaments elevate testosterone more when challenged
Authors: MCGLOTHLIN J. W. , JAWOR J. M. , GREIVES T. J. , CASTO J. M. , PHILLIPS J. L. , KETTERSON E. D. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractWhen male investment in mating varies with quality, reliable sexual signals may evolve. In many songbirds, testosterone mediates mating investment, suggesting that signals should be linked to testosterone production. However, because testosterone may change rapidly during behaviour such as territorial aggression and courtship, efforts to establish such a relationship have proved challenging. In a population of dark‐eyed juncos, we measured individual variation in the production of short‐term testosterone increases by injecting gonadotropin‐releasing hormone (GnRH). We found a positive correlation between the magnitude of these increases and the size of a plumage ornament (‘tail white’) previously shown to be important for female choice and male–male competition. We then measured naturally elevated testosterone levels produced during male–male competition and found that they covaried with those induced by GnRH. We suggest that the association between tail white and testosterone increases may allow conspecifics to assess potential mates and competitors reliably using tail white.
In vitro function of buffy coat‐derived platelet concentrates stored for 9 days in CompoSol, PASII or 100% plasma in three different storage bags
Authors: Cardigan R. , Sutherland J. , Garwood M. , Bashir S. , Turner C. , Smith K. , Hancock V. , Wiltshire M. , Pergande C. , Williamson L. M. 
Published: November 2007

Background and Objectives  The aim of the study was to compare the in vitro quality of buffy coat‐derived platelet concentrates (PC) during extended storage in plasma or additive solution in three different storage bags.Materials and Methods  A pooled and split design was chosen so that identical PCs were produced in either 100% plasma, 70% PASII : 30% plasma or 70% CompoSol : 30% plasma (n = 6 each). This was repeated for three different manufacturers’ platelet storage bags (Fresenius, Baxter and Pall). PCs were sampled on days 1, 5, 7 and 9 of storage and tested in vitro using a variety of tests of platelet function. For each bag type, storage in PASII or Composol was compared with plasma (data taken across the entire storage period), and differences occurring with time were analysed for all storage media.Results  The pH of all PCs was > 6·8 at day 9 of storage. In vitro platelet function, as assessed by markers of platelet activation and metabolism, of PCs stored in CompoSol appeared to be similar to that of PCs stored in plasma over 9 days of storage. In contrast, PCs stored in PASII tended to have significantly higher levels of platelet activation (almost a twofold increase in % platelets positive for CD62P by day 5) and lower hypotonic shock response (approximately 40%, by day 7) compared to either PCs stored in 100% plasma or 70% CompoSol. The magnitude of the differences observed between platelet storage media appeared to be dependent on the type of platelet storage bag with the highest degree of platelet activation and lowest hypotonic shock response values being observed in Fresenius bags in combination with PASII.Conclusions  The maintenance of platelet function in vitro during extended storage of PCs in platelet additive solutions is dependent on the combination of type of additive solution and type of platelet storage bag. For all bag types studied, storage in PASII resulted in poorer platelet function in vitro.
Adaptive Learning in an Expectational Difference Equation with Several Lags: Selecting among Learnable REE
Authors: Bask Mikael 
Published: November 2007

Abstract It is demonstrated that adaptive learning in the least squares sense may be incapable of satisfactorily reducing the number of attainable equilibria in a rational expectations model when focusing on the forward‐solutions to the model. The model examined, as an illustration, is a basic asset pricing model for exchange rate determination that is augmented with technical trading in the currency market in the form of moving averages since it is the most commonly used technique according to questionnaire surveys. The forward‐solutions to such a model are preferable to the backward‐solutions that are normally utilized since announcement effects is an important feature in currency trade. Because of technical trading in foreign exchange, the current exchange rate depends on

j
max

lags of the exchange rate, meaning that the model has

j
max+1
rational expectations equilibria, where several of them are adaptively learnable in the least squares sense. However, since past exchange rates should not affect the current exchange rate when technical trading is absent, it is possible to single out a unique equilibrium among the adaptively learnable equilibria that is economically meaningful. It is worth noting that the model examined can also be viewed as a model for stock price determination in which the forward‐solutions to the model are preferable to the backward‐solutions since the importance of announcement effects is a common characteristic for currency and stock markets.
To Stay or Not to Stay? Out‐Migration of Immigrants from Denmark
Authors: Jensen Peter , Pedersen Peder J. 
Published: November 2007

ABSTRACTA major portion of migration flows are temporary, ending with return migration to the home country or migration to a third country. However, the propensity to return differs according to migrants' countries of origin. This paper presents a discussion of the theoretical approaches to return migration and a brief survey of the actual flows in Denmark. We then present a panel data set of immigrants to Denmark covering the years 1986 ‐ 1995 and run a number of logit models where return migration is related to individual background factors. Our research shows significant differences in decisions of return depending on country of origin, age at entry, education, and family ties. One of the most important determinants is found to be a migrant's success, or lack thereof, regarding labour market integration. This research suggests that policy instruments such as education, training, and temporary wage subsidies could play an important role in controlling the interaction between immigration and labour market forces.
A study on whey protein supplement on physical performance and quality of life among elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Lum Christopher , Lo Raymond , Ng Kenway , Woo Jean , Tang Nelson , Fallows Stephen 
Published: November 2007

Objectives:  To study if whey protein can improve exercise capacity and quality of life among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods:  This was a randomised, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled clinical trial. Elderly patients with COPD recruited received sachets of whey protein supplement at 12 g twice daily (intervention), or identical looking sachets of casein (control). Results:  Twenty‐four and 25 patients were recruited into control and intervention arm, respectively. Baseline 6‐minute walking test (6MWT) was at 211.7 ± 90.2 m, and total Chronic Respiratory Questionnaire (CRQ) was at 18.7 ± 3.35. At 6 weeks, there was an improvement of CRQ‐dyspnoea (0.075 in control, and 0.48 in intervention arm, P = 0.048). There was also a consistent trend of improvement on 6MWT, CRQ‐fatigue, emotion and mastery, although the results did not reach statistical significance. Conclusions:  Whey protein reduces shortness of breath among patients with COPD. Further studies are required to test out the dosage and duration of treatment required.
Inhibitory Activities of 11 Antimicrobial Agents and Bactericidal Activities of Vancomycin and Daptomycin against Invasive Methicillin-ResistantStaphylococcus aureusIsolates Obtained from 1999 through 2006
Authors: Holmes Robert L. , Jorgensen James H. 
Published: November 2007

ABSTRACTWe assessed MICs and minimal bactericidal concentrations of vancomycin, daptomycin, and nine other antimicrobials against methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureusisolates obtained from 1999 through 2006. No vancomycin, daptomycin, or linezolid resistance was observed. Clindamycin, gentamicin, and ciprofloxacin resistance decreased significantly. No tolerance to vancomycin or daptomycin was observed, nor was MIC creep seen.
Intranasal Interleukin-12 Therapy InhibitsMycoplasma pneumoniaeClearance and Sustains Airway Obstruction in Murine Pneumonia
Authors: Salvatore C. M. , Fonseca-Aten M. , Katz-Gaynor K. , Gomez A. M. , Hardy R. D. 
Published: November 2007

ABSTRACTMycoplasma pneumoniaeis a leading cause of pneumonia and is associated with asthma. Evidence linksM. pneumoniaerespiratory disease severity with interleukin-12 (IL-12) concentrations in respiratory secretions. We evaluated the effects of IL-12 therapy on microbiologic, inflammatory, and pulmonary function indices ofM. pneumoniaepneumonia in mice. BALB/c mice were inoculated withM. pneumoniaeor SP4 broth. Mice were treated with intranasal IL-12 or placebo daily for 8 days, starting on day 1 after inoculation. Mice were evaluated at baseline and on days 1, 3, 6, and 8 after therapy. Outcome variables included quantitative bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL)M. pneumoniaeculture, lung histopathologic score (HPS), BAL cytokine concentrations determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-α], gamma interferon [IFN-γ], IL-1b, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor), and plethysmography, both before and after methacholine treatment.M. pneumoniae-infected mice treated with IL-12 (MpIL12 mice) were found to have significantly higher BALM. pneumoniaeconcentrations than those ofM. pneumoniae-infected mice treated with placebo (MpP mice) (P< 0.001). MpIL12 mice had higher BAL concentrations of IL-12, IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-6, with differences in IL-12 and IFN-γ concentrations reaching statistical significance (P< 0.001). Airway obstruction was statistically elevated in MpIL12 mice compared to that in MpP mice (P= 0.048), while airway hyperreactivity was also elevated in MpIL12 mice but did not reach statistical significance (P= 0.081). Lung parenchymal pneumonia subscores were significantly higher in MpIL12 mice (P< 0.001), but no difference was found for overall HPS, even though a strong trend was noticed (P= 0.051). Treatment of experimentalM. pneumoniaepneumonia with intranasal IL-12 was associated with more severe pulmonary disease and less rapid microbiologic and histological resolution.
An AbrB-Like Protein Regulates the Expression of the Bidirectional Hydrogenase in
Synechocystis
sp. Strain PCC 6803
Authors: Oliveira Paulo , Lindblad Peter 
Published: November 2007

ABSTRACT

In the unicellular cyanobacterium
Synechocystis
sp. strain PCC 6803, the pentameric bidirectional Ni-Fe hydrogenase (HoxEFUYH) is the sole enzyme involved in hydrogen metabolism. Recent investigations implicated the transcription factor LexA in the regulation of the
hox
genes in this cyanobacterium, suggesting the factor to work as an activator. In this work, we show evidence that LexA cannot account exclusively for the regulation of the
hox
genes in this cyanobacterium. Therefore, we investigated which additional transcription factors interact in and may regulate the expression of the
hox
genes in
Synechocystis
sp. strain PCC 6803. By using DNA affinity assays, a transcription factor with similarity to the transition state regulator AbrB from
Bacillus subtilis
was isolated. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays showed that the AbrB-like protein specifically interacts with the promoter region of the
hox
genes as well as with its own promoter region. In addition, results obtained with two genetically modified strains of
Synechocystis
sp. strain PCC 6803, one with a not fully segregated inactivation mutation of the
abrB
-like gene and the other overexpressing the same
abrB
-like gene, suggest that this transcription factor functions as a regulator of
hox
gene expression.
INTEGRATING VISUALIZATION AND MULTI-ATTRIBUTE UTILITY THEORY FOR ONLINE PRODUCT SELECTION
Authors: THEETRANONT CHUREE , HADDAWY PETER , KRAIRIT DONYAPRUETH 
Published: November 2007

Effectively selling products online is a challenging task. Today's product domains often contain a dizzying variety of brands and models with highly complex sets of characteristics. This paper addresses the problem of supporting product search and selection in domains containing large numbers of alternatives with complex sets of features. A number of online shopping websites provide product choice assistance by making direct use of Multi-Attribute Utility Theory (MAUT). While the MAUT approach is appealing due to its solid theoretical foundations, there are several reasons that it does not fit well with people's decision making behavior. This paper presents an approach designed to better fit with people's natural decision making process. The system is called VMAP for Visualizing Multi-Attribute Preferences. VMAP provides on one screen both a multi-attribute preference tool (MAP-tool) and a product visualization tool (V-tool). The product visualization tool displays the set of available products, with each product displayed as a point in a 3D attribute space. By viewing the product space, users can gain an overview of the range of available products, as well as an understanding of the relationships between their attributes. The MAP-tool integrates expression of preferences and filter conditions, which are then immediately reflected in the V-tool display. In this way, the user can immediately see the consequences of his expressed preferences on the product space. The VMAP system is evaluated on a number of factors by comparing users' subjective ratings of the system to those of a more traditional MAUT product selection tool. The results show that while VMAP is somewhat more difficult to use than a traditional MAUT product selection tool, it provides better flexibility, provides the ability to more effectively explore the product domain, and produces more confidence in the selected product.
Denying Conditionals: Abaelard and the Failure of Boethius' Account of the Hypothetical Syllogism
Authors: Martin Christopher 
Published: November 2007

AbstractBoethius' treatise De Hypotheticis Syllogismis provided twelfth-century philosophers with an introduction to the logic of conditional and disjunctive sentences but this work is the only part of the logica vetus which is no longer studied in the twelfth century. In this paper I investigate why interest in Boethius acount of hypothetical syllogisms fell off so quickly. I argue that Boethius' account of compound sentences is not an account of propositions and once a proper notion of propositionality is available the argument forms accepted by Boethius are seen to be incoherent. It was Peter Abaelard who first understood the nature of propositionality and propositional connectives and used this to criticise Boethius' claims in De Hypothetics Syllogismis. In place Boethius' confusion Abaelard offered a simple and correct account of the hypothetical syllogism.
“Utrum idem sint dicere et intelligere sive videre in mente”: Robert Kilwardby, Quaestiones in librum primum Sententiarum
Authors: Sirridge Mary 
Published: November 2007

AbstractIn his Questions I, qq. 35-36 Sent. Robert Kilwardby asks whether divine understanding (intelligere) is the same as the divine speaking (dicere), as Anselm says in Monologion, ch. 63, just as for us mental speaking (mentis locutio) is the same as the thinker's examination (inspectio cogitantis) or mental seeing (videre in mente). His answer is that neither for us nor for God is the equation correct, because understanding lacks an essential characteristic of speech, i.e. referentiality, and because speaking is active and understanding passive, which is reflected in the meanings (impositiones) and grammatical functions (modi significandi) of the corresponding expressions. Kilwardby does concede in his discussion of the speech of angels in II Sent. q. 56 that when inner speech does occur, and remains internal, it amounts to thought, though with the additional element of referentiality. I suggest that Kilwardby is unwilling accept Augustine's theory that thought is inner speech, as Anselm does, because it would require him to reject Aristotelian-style philosophical psychology.
Mental Language and Tradition Encounters in Medieval Philosophy: Anselm, Albert and Ockham
Authors: Panaccio Claude 
Published: November 2007

AbstractMedieval philosophy is often presented as the outcome of a large scale encounter between the Christian tradition and the Greek philosophical one. This picture, however, inappropriately tends to leave out the active role played by the medieval authors themselves and their institutional contexts. The theme of the mental language provides us with an interesting case study in such matters. The paper first introduces a few technical notions—'theme', 'tradition', 'textual chain' and 'textual borrowing'—, and then focuses on precise passages about mental language from Anselm of Canterbury, Albert the Great and William of Ockham. All three authors in effect identify some relevant Augustinian idea (that of 'mental word', most saliently) with some traditional philosophical one (such as that of 'concept' or that of 'logos endiathetos'). But the gist of the operation widely varies along the line and the tradition encounter is staged in each case with specific goals and interests in view. The use of ancient authoritative texts with respect to mental language is thus shown to be radically transformed from the eleventh to the fourteenth century.
Scepticism, Demonstration and the Infinite Regress Argument (Nicholas of Autrecourt and John Buridan)
Authors: Grellard Christophe 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to examine the medieval posterity of the Aristotelian and Pyrrhonian treatments of the infinite regress argument. We show that there are some possible Pyrrhonian elements in Autrecourt's epistemology when he argues that the truth of our principles is merely hypothetical. By contrast, Buridan's criticisms of Autrecourt rely heavily on Aristotelian material. Both exemplify a use of scepticism.
Temperature definition and measurement using platinum resistance thermometers
Authors: Atherton A. , Fitton D.R. 
Published: November 2007

This article indicates the status of platinum resistance thermometry in temperature definition and measurement and outlines some potential sources of error. Perhaps the most important factor requiring consideration is the influence of thermometer structural materials on conformity with the IPTS-68. An analysis of calibration measurements, including data reported in earlier work, strengthens the hypothesis that stem heat transmission can contribute discrepancies greater than those that would arise as a result of applying the IPTS-68 to thermometers having low temperature coefficients of resistance (e g, 3.850 x 10-3 per K). Indeed, with the available data it is impossible to discern any systematic effect of temperature coefficient on deviation from the IPTS-68. Quantitative illustration of the various features discussed is included where appropriate.