bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Three New Clerodane Diterpenoids from the Bulbils of Dioscorea bulbifera L. var. sativa
Authors: Teponno Rémy Bertrand , Tapondjou Azefack Léon , Ju‐Jung Hyun , Nam Jung‐Hwan , Tane Pierre , Park Hee‐Juhn 
Published: August 2007

AbstractFrom the bulbils of Dioscorea bulbifera L. var. sativa, three new clerodane diterpenoids, bafoudiosbulbin C (=methyl (2β,8α,12S)‐17‐oxo‐2,19 : 8,19 : 12,17 : 15,16‐tetraepoxycleroda‐3,13(16), 14‐triene‐18‐carboxylate; 1), bafoudiosbulbin D (=methyl (2β,6β,12R)‐17,19‐dioxo‐2,19 : 6,17 :  8,12 : 15,16‐tetraepoxycleroda‐13(16),14‐diene‐18‐carboxylate; 2), and bafoudiosbulbin E (=methyl (2β,3α,4α,6β,12R)‐17,19‐dioxo‐2,19 : 3,4 : 6,17 : 8,12 : 15,16‐pentaepoxycleroda‐13(16),14‐diene‐18‐carboxylate; 3) were isolated, together with the known compounds bafoudiosbulbins A and B, 3‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl‐β‐sitosterol, and 6′‐stearoyl‐3‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl‐β‐sitosterol. Their structures were established by high‐field NMR techniques (1H,1H‐COSY, 13C‐DEPT, HSQC, HMBC, and NOESY), MS analyses, as well as by comparison of their spectral data with those of related compounds.
Thioreductones and Derivatives (G)
Authors: Schank Kurt , Bügler Stephan , Folz Harald , Schott Norbert 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThioreductones and Derivatives. Replacement of one or two (principally also three) O‐atoms in aci‐reductones by sulfur leads to the corresponding thioreductones. In the present paper, different methods of their synthesis are discussed. Substitution of the bromo nucleofug in the 2‐position of 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds as well as of a 3‐oxosulfone by selected sulfur nucleophiles is assumed to follow an SRN1 pathway. Characteristic properties, some typical reactions, and selected derivatives were studied. S‐Alkyl‐ and S‐aryl‐substituted cyclic 2‐thioreductones have been found to be synthons for the preparation of vinylogous reductones (2,3‐diacyl‐1,4‐dihydroxy‐1,3‐dienes) and of tetraacyl ethylenes as their bis‐dehydro products.
Management initiatives in a community‐based health insurance scheme
Authors: Sinha Tara , Ranson M. Kent , Chatterjee Mirai , Mills Anne 
Published: August 2007

AbstractCommunity‐based health insurance (CBHI) schemes have developed in response to inadequacies of alternate systems for protecting the poor against health care expenditures. Some of these schemes have arisen within community‐based organizations (CBOs), which have strong links with poor communities, and are therefore well situated to offer CBHI. However, the managerial capacities of many such CBOs are limited. This paper describes management initiatives undertaken in a CBHI scheme in India, in the course of an action‐research project. The existing structures and systems at the CBHI had several strengths, but fell short on some counts, which became apparent in the course of planning for two interventions under the research project. Management initiatives were introduced that addressed four features of the CBHI, viz. human resources, organizational structure, implementation systems, and data management. Trained personnel were hired and given clear roles and responsibilities. Lines of reporting and accountability were spelt out, and supportive supervision was provided to team members. The data resources of the organization were strengthened for greater utilization of this information. While the changes that were introduced took some time to be accepted by team members, the commitment of the CBHI's leadership to these initiatives was critical to their success. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An observational study of the effectiveness and safety of intramuscular olanzapine in the treatment of acute agitation in patients with bipolar mania or schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder
Authors: Centorrino Franca , Meyers Adam L. , Ahl Jonna , Cincotta Stephanie L. , Zun Leslie , Gulliver Angela H. , Kinon Bruce J. , Houston John P. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the effect of intramuscular (IM) olanzapine in severely agitated patients.MethodsThis was an open‐label multicenter 1‐week observational study of IM olanzapine treatment in severely agitated inpatients and psychiatric emergency services with bipolar mania (n = 22) or schizophrenia (n = 52). Mean change from baseline to 2 h post‐first injection (LOCF) in agitation was assessed by PANSS‐Excited Component (PANSS‐EC) (score range: 5–35 points) mean change from baseline to 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 min post‐first injection, and visit‐wise mean changes from mixed‐model repeated measures analysis of variance. Kaplan–Meier survival curve analyses estimated time to categorical response (rating of ≤3 points each PANSS‐EC item).ResultsTwo hours post‐injection of olanzapine (mean dose = 9.9 mg), patients exhibited mild calmness and agitation was significantly reduced by 19.2 ± 1.0 points (p < 0.001) (mean baseline = 29.0). Over 90% of the patients received only one injection in the first 24 h and 50% had a categorical response within 30 min.ConclusionsSeverely agitated patients responded rapidly after a single injection of olanzapine with mild levels of sedation and without serious treatment‐emergent adverse events. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mapping correlated membrane pulsations and fluctuations in human cells
Authors: Pelling Andrew E. , Veraitch Farlan S. , Pui‐Kei Chu Carol , Nicholls Brian M. , Hemsley Alexandra L. , Mason Chris , Horton Michael A. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe cell membrane and cytoskeleton are dynamic structures that are strongly influenced by the thermo‐mechanical background in addition to biologically driven mechanical processes. We used atomic force microscopy (AFM) to measure the local membrane motion of human foreskin fibroblasts (HFFs) which were found to be governed by random and non‐random correlated mechanical processes. Interphase cells displayed distinct membrane pulsations in which the membrane was observed to slowly contract upwards followed by a recovery to its initial position. These pulsations occurred one to three times per minute with variable amplitudes (20–100 pN) separated by periods of random baseline fluctuations with amplitudes of <20 pN. Cells were exposed to actin and microtubule (MT) destabilizing drugs and induced into early apoptosis. Mechanical pulsations (20–80 pN) were not prevented by actin or MT depolymerization but were prevented in early apoptotic cells which only displayed small amplitude baseline fluctuations (<20 pN). Correlation analysis revealed that the cell membrane motion is largely random; however several non‐random processes, with time constants varying between ∼2 and 35 s are present. Results were compared to measured cardiomyocyte motion which was well defined and highly correlated. Employing automated positioning of the AFM tip, interphase HFF correlation time constants were also mapped over a 10 µm2 area above the nucleus providing some insights into the spatial variability of membrane correlations. Here, we are able to show that membrane pulsations and fluctuations can be linked to physiological state and cytoskeletal dynamics through distinct sets of correlation time constants in human cells. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The NTA–His6 bond is strong enough for AFM single‐molecular recognition studies
Authors: Verbelen Claire , Gruber Hermann J. , Dufrêne Yves F. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThere is a need in current atomic force microscopy (AFM) molecular recognition studies for generic methods for the stable, functional attachment of proteins on tips and solid supports. In the last few years, the site‐directed nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA)–polyhistidine (Hisn) system has been increasingly used towards this goal. Yet, a crucial question in this context is whether the NTA–Hisn bond is sufficiently strong for ensuring stable protein immobilization during force spectroscopy measurements. Here, we measured the forces between AFM tips modified with NTA‐terminated alkanethiols and solid supports functionalized with His6‐Gly‐Cys peptides in the presence of Ni2+. The force histogram obtained at a loading rate of 6600 pN s−1 showed three maxima at rupture forces of 153 ± 57 pN, 316 ± 50 pN and 468 ± 44 pN, that we attribute primarily to monovalent and multivalent interactions between a single His6 moiety and one, two and three NTA groups, respectively. The measured forces are well above the 50–100 pN unbinding forces typically observed by AFM for receptor–ligand pairs. The plot of adhesion force versus log (loading rate) revealed a linear regime, from which we deduced a kinetic off‐rate constant of dissociation, koff ∼0.07 s−1. This value is in the range of that estimated for the multivalent interaction involving two NTA, using fluorescence measurements, and may account for an increased binding stability of the NTA–His6 bond. We conclude that the NTA–His6 system is a powerful, well‐suited platform for the stable, oriented immobilization of proteins in AFM single‐molecule studies. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structure of an anti‐cholera toxin antibody Fab in complex with an epitope‐derived D‐peptide: a case of polyspecific recognition
Authors: Scheerer Patrick , Kramer Achim , Otte Livia , Seifert Martina , Wessner Helga , Scholz Christa , Krauß Norbert , Schneider‐Mergener Jens , Höhne Wolfgang 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe structure of a complex of the anti‐cholera toxin antibody TE33 Fab (fragment antibody) with the D‐peptide vpGsqhyds was solved to 1.78 Å resolution. The D‐peptide was derived from the linear L‐peptide epitope VPGSQHIDS by a stepwise transformation. Despite the very similar amino acid sequence—the only difference is a tyrosine residue in position 7—there are marked differences in the individual positions with respect to their contribution to the peptide overall affinity as ascertained by a complete substitutional analysis. This is reflected by the X‐ray structure of the TE33 Fab/D‐peptide complex where there is an inverted orientation of the D‐peptide as compared with the known structure of a corresponding complex containing the epitope L‐peptide, with the side chains establishing different contacts within the binding site of TE33. The D‐ and L‐peptide affinities are comparable and the surface areas buried by complex formation are almost the same. Thus the antibody TE33 provides a typical example for polyspecific binding behavior of IgG family antibodies. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of shade nettings, sowing time and storage on baby spinach flavonoids
Authors: Bergquist Sara ÅM , Gertsson Ulla E , Nordmark Lotta YG , Olsson Marie E 
Published: August 2007

AbstractFlavonoids are important in plant interactions with the environment and may have positive effects on human health. Effects of light quality and quantity on flavonoid concentration were studied in baby spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) cultivated under three types of shade netting differing in transmittance of UV‐B and PAR, at two times during the season. Leaves harvested at two growth stages for each sowing were subjected to different post‐harvest storage conditions. Shade nettings had a relatively small effect on flavonoid concentration in baby spinach. The largest effect was found when radiation was most intense. The nettings then decreased total flavonoid concentration by 15–24% at the normal commercial growth stage at harvest. Radiation and plant growth both affected flavonoid concentration, in opposite or similar directions depending on time of season. This variation was reflected in the statistical analysis, showing significant interactions among the factors. There were large differences (up to 100%) in flavonoid concentration between the different times of the season, in shaded as well as unshaded spinach. Flavonoid concentration and composition changed during storage, but no consistent difference was found between the shaded and unshaded leaves. In most cases, total flavonoid concentration increased significantly during the first 6 days of storage. In conclusion, the use of shade netting is acceptable for production of baby spinach as regards flavonoid concentration and composition. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Infusions of Portuguese medicinal plants: Dependence of final antioxidant capacity and phenol content on extraction features
Authors: Gião Maria S , González‐Sanjosé Maria L , Rivero‐Pérez Maria D , Pereira Cláudia I , Pintado Manuela E , Malcata F Xavier 
Published: August 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND: Aqueous extracts of most medicinal plants traditionally employed in Portugal (at the ratio of 1 g plant: 110 mL water) have been assayed for total antioxidant capacity and phenol content, in order to elucidate their claimed medicinal features.RESULTS: The antioxidant activity was assessed by the ABTS•+ method; the ascorbic acid equivalent values ranged from 1.4280 ± 0.1261 g L−1 for avocado (Persea americana (Lauraceae)) obtained by infusion of powder, down to 0.0027 ± 0.0012 g L−1 for olive (Olea europaea (Oleaceae)) obtained by infusion of leaves. Total phenol content was determined by the Folin–Ciocalteu procedure; the gallic acid equivalent values ranged from 0.5541 ± 0.0289 g L−1 for avocado obtained by infusion of powder, down to 0.0053 ± 0.0014 g L−1 for olive obtained by boiling leaves. A good correlation between total antioxidant capacity and total phenol content was found.CONCLUSION: The method of powder infusion should be chosen if high concentration of antioxidants are sought. On the other hand, a high antioxidant capacity and a high phenol content correlate well with the empirically established (and widely publicised) capacity to treat respiratory infections. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Dough properties and breadmaking qualities of whole waxy wheat flour and effects of additional enzymes
Authors: Hung Pham Van , Maeda Tomoko , Fujita Masaya , Morita Naofumi 
Published: August 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND: Waxy wheat, a new kind of genetically back‐crossed wheat, was applied to make whole bread in this study. Dough properties and bread quality of the whole waxy wheat flour, which was milled from 100% whole grains containing bran and germ, were determined.RESULTS: Whole waxy wheat had lower protein and lipid contents but higher dietary fiber content than whole regular wheat flour. Pasting temperature and viscosity of the whole waxy wheat flour were significantly lower than those of the whole regular wheat. However, the white wheat flour milled from wheat grains with 48% recovery had significantly higher peak viscosity than the whole waxy wheat. Bread made from the whole waxy wheat flour was significantly softer than that from the whole regular wheat flour during storage. However, bread made from whole waxy wheat had significantly lower specific volume than that from the white waxy flour because of the high amount of dietary fiber. Addition of cellulase increased paste viscosity, lowered dough mixing properties and reduced the firmness of the bread. The addition of pentosanase also increased paste viscosity, lowered dough mixing properties, improved loaf volume of bread but increased the firmness of breadcrumbs, while the addition of α‐amylase only increased final viscosity of flour and did not affect dough properties and bread qualities of whole waxy wheat flour.CONCLUSION: As a result, waxy wheat shows superior properties for making whole breads. Additional enzymes are also necessary to improve bread quality and nutritive values of whole waxy bread. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Distribution of fatty acids in triacylglycerols and phospholipids from peas (Pisum sativum L.)
Authors: Yoshida Hiromi , Tomiyama Yuka , Tanaka Megumi , Mizushina Yoshiyuki 
Published: August 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND: The fatty acid distribution of triacylglycerols (TAG) and major phospholipids (PL) obtained from four varieties of peas (Pisum sativum) was investigated. The total lipids extracted from the peas were separated by thin layer chromatography into seven fractions.RESULTS: The major lipid components were PL (52.2–61.3%) and TAG (31.2–40.3%), while hydrocarbons, steryl esters, free fatty acids and diacylglycerols (sn‐1,3 and sn‐1,2) were also present in minor proportions (5.6–9.2%). The main PL components isolated from the four varieties were phosphatidylcholine (42.3–49.2%), phosphatidylinositol (23.3–25.2%) and phosphatidylethanolamine (17.7–20.5%). Significant differences (P < 0.05) in fatty acid distribution were found for different pea varieties. Phosphatidylinositol was unique in that it had the highest saturated fatty acid content among the three PL. However, the principal characteristics of the fatty acid distribution in the TAG and three PL were evident among the four varieties: unsaturated fatty acids were predominantly located in the sn‐2 position while saturated fatty acids primarily occupied the sn‐1 or sn‐3 position in the oils of the peas.CONCLUSION: These results should be useful to both producers and consumers for the manufacture of pea foods in Japan. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
The effect of glyphosate on digestion and horizontal gene transfer during in vitro ruminal fermentation of genetically modified canola
Authors: Reuter Tim , Alexander Trevor W , Martínez Tomás F , McAllister Tim A 
Published: August 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND: The impact of glyphosate on ruminal fermentation, selective pressure on ruminal bacteria and horizontal transfer of the gene encoding 5‐enolpyruvylshikimate‐3‐phosphate synthase (epsps) to ruminal bacteria was studied using batch culture with glyphosate‐tolerant (Roundup Ready®) canola meal as substrate.RESULTS: A glyphosate concentration × time interaction (P < 0.05) occurred when glyphosate (0–100 mmol L−1) was included in in vitro ruminal incubations with a diet containing 150 g kg−1 Roundup Ready® canola meal (Experiment 1). Glyphosate at 50 and 100 mmol L−1 inhibited fermentation. In Experiment 2, epsps fragments were detected in plant debris for up to 16 h of incubation using primer sets that amplified three fragments (62, 108 and 300 bp) of DNA spanning the transgenic construct. Persistence was affected by fragment size but not by glyphosate concentration (0, 10 or 60 mmol L−1). Extensive polymerase chain reaction assays provided no evidence of acquisition of epsps by feed‐ or fluid‐associated bacteria during fermentation. A glyphosate concentration × time interaction (P < 0.05) was observed for all fermentation parameters measured, and glyphosate caused a general inhibition of fermentation.CONCLUSION: The presence of glyphosate did not increase selective pressure for gene transfer of DNA encoding glyphosate resistance from Roundup Ready® canola meal to ruminal bacteria. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Polymer‐Controlled, Bio‐Inspired Calcium Phosphate Mineralization from Aqueous Solution
Authors: Schweizer Sylvia , Taubert Andreas 
Published: August 2007

AbstractNowadays, the majority of the commercially available calcium phosphate materials is fabricated by ‘classical’ materials science approaches, i.e., from rather poorly defined slurries or from organic solvents, often at high temperatures and pressures. Bioinspired precipitation of inorganics with (polymeric) additives from aqueous solution, on the other hand, enables the synthesis of intriguing inorganic or organic/inorganic materials that are often much more closely related to biological structures. This article discusses approaches for the fabrication of bio‐inspired calcium phosphate hybrid materials by precipitation from aqueous solution. The article focuses on polymers and related self‐assembling structures for the design of CaP/organic hybrids and pure CaP with crystal structures and morphologies regulated by the respective additive.magnified image
Novel Bulky Esters of Cellulose
Authors: Heinze Thomas , Pohl Matthias , Schaller Jens , Meister Frank 
Published: August 2007

AbstractNovel bulky esters of cellulose were synthesized homogeneously, applying the solvent systems DMA/LiCl or DMSO/TBAF, by conversion of the biopolymer with aryl polyester dendrons. The carboxylic acid moieties were efficiently activated in situ with CDI or the acid chloride was applied. Cellulose esters with DS values of up to 0.7 were obtained. The functionalization pattern was analyzed by different NMR spectroscopic techniques indicating that not only position 6 (primary hydroxyl group) but also the secondary one at position 2 was included in the reaction.magnified image
Semiconductor Nanocomposites of Emissive Flexible Random Copolymers and CdTe Nanocrystals: Preparation, Characterization, and Optoelectronic Properties
Authors: Qi Xiao‐Ying , Pu Kan‐Yi , Fang Chun , Wen Gui‐An , Zhang Hua , Boey Freddy Y. C. , Fan Qu‐Li , Wang Lian‐Hui , Huang Wei 
Published: August 2007

AbstractSynthesis and characterization of a series of new emissive flexible copolymers composed of two kinds of special side‐chain functional groups is demonstrated. One of the side‐chain groups provides emissive properties, while the other serves as the ligand unit. The copolymers are used to prepare a new kind of CdTe nanocrystal‐based semiconductor nanocomposite. Their structures and morphologies are characterized and their optoelectronic properties are studied. The results reveal that an energy‐transfer process from the emissive random copolymers to the CdTe nanocrystals occurs, while a photoinduced charge transfer is estimated to be thermodynamically forbidden.magnified image
Photochromic and Photoresponsive Properties of Methacrylic Polymers Bearing Optically Active Hydroxysuccinimide in the Side Chain
Authors: Angiolini Luigi , Benelli Tiziana , Giorgini Loris 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe photochromic and photoresponsive properties of a series of optically active azoaromatic polymers, containing in the side chain the rigid (S)‐ and/or (R)‐hydroxysuccinimide residue, have been investigated in solution and in the solid state as thin films by observing the trans‐cis photoisomerisation of the azobenzene chromophore, and the results are compared to the corresponding monomeric (S) and (R) model compounds. The presence of exciton splitting due to dipole‐dipole interactions between the trans‐azoaromatic rings in the CD spectra confirms the intrinsic chirality of the macromolecules. Thin films of the polymers display the same chiroptical properties as the solution, thus suggesting that the macromolecules maintain chiral conformations also in the solid amorphous state.magnified image
Molecular Motion in Surfactant Layers Inside Polymer Composites with Synthetical Magadiite
Authors: Mao Qinghui , Schleidt Silvia , Zimmermann Herbert , Jeschke Gunnar 
Published: August 2007

AbstractClays used in polymer‐layered silicate nanocomposites are heterogeneous. To improve insight into structure and dynamics of the interface, the iron‐free and structurally homogeneous layered silicate magadiite was synthesized. Morphology of the magadiite and the extent of intercalation in melt‐prepared composites were characterized by SEM and WAXS. Carbonyl groups in the main chain of the polymer appear to facilitate intercalation. Surfactant motion was studied by 2H NMR and CW EPR. Nanocomposite formation with PCL enhances and microcomposite formation with PS diminishes motion. The activation energies change at the glass transition temperature of PS and the melting temperature of PCL.magnified image