bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Editorial
Authors: Domínguez Martí 
Published: March 2024

Mètode Science Studies Journal is a rare bird. Its pages want to reconcile the latest advances in research and the review of each particular science; mixes science communication and excellence research. It focuses on the intersection between academic research, scientific essay and science popularisation. As a matter of fact, its readers are not only experts, not even scientists in a broad sense, but anyone who tries to keep abreast of scientific news and wants to reflect on the challenges of contemporary culture. The quality standard awarded by Scopus, as well as other indexes, guarantees that our path – which we walk almost alone, since similar editorial projects are scarce – remains on track. We live in a world where the progress of science and technology goes faster and faster, where the need to reflect on their scope and impact turns more and more decisive every day. This issue of Mètode Science Studies Journal collects essential topics in current scientific research, such as the secrets of neuroscience, the connection between science and ideology, gender issues related to scientific research and violent dynamics in our universe. All in all, Mètode Science Studies Journal delves on the great problems of current research from its characteristic transversality, together with the contributions of artists to provide the last touch of beauty and exclusivity.Martí Domínguez. Editor-in-Chief of Mètode SSJ. University of Valencia (Spain).
Effect of Pre-treatments on Germination of Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb. for Developing Field Gene-Banks in Eastern India
Authors: Mishra Yogeshwar , Sinha Animesh , Kumar Rikesh , Malakar Ayushman 
Published: March 2024

Aims: Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb. is an important timber species with high medicinal properties belonging to the Fabaceae family. The species is severely threatened by anthropogenic and ecological pressures coupled with less natural regeneration. No results in vegetative propagation methods and very less germination is reported for the species under nursery conditions. This study investigates the germination potential of P. marsupium seeds under the prevailing climatic conditions of regions in eastern India.
Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out at the ICFRE - Institute of Forest Productivity (IFP), Lalgutwa, Ranchi, during the 24th to the 32nd Meteorological Standard Week (MSW) of 2022, spanning from June to August.
Methodology: Seeds were collected from three CPTs selected from natural forests of Jharkhand, Bihar and West Bengal and the experiment was carried out following split plot design. Observations on several germination parameters and seed vigour indices were recorded until eight weeks after sowing and subjected to factor multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) in SPSS 25.0.
Results: The experiment revealed that alternate wetting and drying of seeds significantly (P <. 001) outperformed all other treatments with a highest germination percentage of 60±1.196%. Accessions from Jharkhand and West Bengal exhibited significantly (P < .001) better vigour indices (1959.8, 1855.35 for SVI-I and 538.715, 527.742 for SVI-II, respectively) compared to the accession from Bihar (1796.49 and 532.618 for SVI-I and SVI-II). Although the study did not find any significant interaction between the treatments and accession, there was a statistically significant impact on the aggregate dependent variables (F (126,503.279) = 1.579, P <. 001; Wilks' Λ = .077).
Conclusion: The results of this study report an economically feasible and rapid seed treatment method for establishing field gene banks of P. marsupium in eastern India to aid its ex-situ conservation practices.
Infant developmental milestones and subsequent cognitive function
Authors: Murray Graham K. , Jones Peter B. , Kuh Diana , Richards Marcus 
Published: May 2007

AbstractObjectiveDevelopmental delay is associated with a subsequent diagnosis of learning disability. However, the relationship between the age of reaching infant developmental milestones and later intellectual function within the general population remains unresolved. We hypothesized that earlier attainment of developmental milestones would be associated with better subsequent intellectual performance throughout the range of abilities, rather than confined to extremes.MethodsDevelopmental data were obtained at age 2 years in the National Survey of Health and Development, a representative sample of 5,362 children born in the United Kingdom in 1946. Data on intellectual function and educational attainment at ages 8, 26, and 53 years were also obtained. Multiple linear regression and logistic regression were used to analyze the effect of age of reaching developmental milestones on subsequent cognition and educational attainment.ResultsThe age of reaching developmental milestones was associated with intellectual performance at ages 8, 26, and 53 years; for every month earlier a child learned to stand, there was, on average, a gain of one half of one intelligence quotient point at age 8. Speech development had a small but statistically significant effect on subsequent educational attainment (later developers were less likely to progress beyond basic education); this effect was not apparent for motor development. Effect sizes were reduced when the slowest developers were excluded, but many effects remained significant.InterpretationThe association between later development and poorer subsequent intellectual function is small, but it does have theoretical implications; we suggest it is secondary to suboptimal cortical‐subcortical connectivity. Ann Neurol 2007
Striped‐pattern deterioration and morphological analysis of injection moldings comprising polypropylene/ethylene α‐olefin rubber blends. I. Influence of ultraviolet irradiation
Authors: Hirano Koki , Tamura Satoshi , Kanai Toshitaka 
Published: May 2007

AbstractUnique deterioration with a periodical striped pattern on the injection moldings of polypropylene/rubber blends is reported. After exposure to ultraviolet irradiation with a sunshine fade meter, striped patterns appeared on the injection moldings along the flow direction of the molten resin during the filling process of injection molding, even though the initial specimen showed no sign of any stripe pattern on its surface. The stripe was carefully observed with ultrasonic echo imaging, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. As a result, a number of microvoids were observed inside the injected body at a depth of 50–100 μm from the surface. It became clear that the difference in the number of voids along the flow direction formed the stripe pattern. Surprisingly, these voids occurred in domains comprising a rubber phase. The distribution of voids in depth indicated the existence of a trace of a snakelike flow caused inside the injected body during the injection‐molding process. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2007
New approach to the study of city planning and domestic dwellings in the ancient Near East
Authors: Benech Christophe 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis paper presents the results of a magnetic survey on the Hellenistic and Roman site of Doura‐ Europos in Syria. The interpretation of the magnetic data is based on an original approach by considering the use of space in a domestic unit. This type of study has been developed for sociological research but is adapted to the information carried within geophysical data. After a brief presentation of the role of geophysical methods for the study of city planning, the most important components of the ‘space syntax’ will be presented and applied to two blocks of Doura‐Europos, one that has been excavated in the twentieth century by the Yale University and another surveyed using the magnetic method. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the Effect of Unbalancedness and Heteroscedasticity on the ANOVA Estimator of Group Variance Component in One‐Way Random Model
Authors: Singh B. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe expression for rth cumulant of ANOVA estimator of group variance component is derived in the One‐way unbalanced random model under heteroscedasticity. The expression is used to study the effect of unbalancedness and heteroscedasticity on the mean and variance of the estimator, numerically. The computed results reveal that the unbalancedness and heteroscedasticity have a combined effect on the mean and variance of the estimator. For certain situations of unequal group sizes and error variances, the mean and variance of the estimator are increased and for certain other situations the values are decreased.
Inference on Risk Rates Based on Mortality Data Under Censoring and Competing Risks Using Parametric Models
Authors: Kundu D. , Kannan N. , Mazumdar M. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIn this paper we consider the competing risks model where the risks may not be independent. We assume both fixed and random censoring. The random censoring mechanism could have either a parametric or a non‐parametric form. The life distributions and the parametric censoring distribution considered are exponential or Weibull. The expressions for the asymptotic confidence intervals for various parameters of interest under different models, using the estimated Fisher information matrix and parametric bootstrap techniques have been derived. Monte Carlo simulation studies for some of these cases have been carried out.
Ranked Set Sampling and the Line Intercept Method: A More Efficient Procedure
Authors: Muttlak H. A. , McDonald L. L. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractRanked set sampling is a method which may be used to increase the efficiency of the estimator of the mean of a population. Ranked set sampling with size biased probability of selection (i.e., the items are selected with probability proportion to its size) is combined with the line intercept method to increase the efficency of estimating cover, density and total amount of some variable of interest (e.g. biomass). A two‐stage sampling plan is suggested with line intercept sampling in the first stage. Simple random sampling and ranked set sampling are compared in the second stage to show that the unbiased estimators of density, cover and total amount of some variable of interest based on ranked set sampling have smaller variances than the usual unbiased estimator based on simple random sampling. Efficiency is increased by reducing the number of items which are measured on a transect or by increasing the number of independent transects utilized in a study area. An application procedure is given for estimation of coverage, density and number of stems of mountain mahogany (Cercocarpus montanus) in a study area east of Laramie, Wyoming.
Minimum Sample Size Ensuring Validity of Classical Confidence Intervals for Means of Skewed and Platykurtic Distributions
Authors: Bartkowiak A. , Sen A. R. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractCOCHRAN (1953) and BARTCH (1957) gave formulae for the magnitude of the sample size (n) ensuring the validity of the limiting normal distribution of the sample mean x(n) obtained from a non‐normal distribution with marked asymmetry and kurtosis.These formulae have been checked empirically in this paper using (a) simulated data with given asymmetry and kurtosis and (b) real data gathered from a coronary heart disease study. We find that our results are in general agreement with Bartch's formula. However, in a number of cases, the asymptotic normal distribution is attained for smaller sample size than that required by Bartch's formula.
A New Statistical Goodness‐of‐Fit Test Based on Graphical Representation
Authors: Öztürk A. , Dudewicz E. J. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractA statistical goodness‐of‐fit test, based on representing the sample observations by linked vectors, is developed. The direction and the length of the linked vectors are defined as functions of the expected values of the order statistics and sample order statistics, respectively. The underlying method can be used to test distributional assumptions for any location‐scale family. A test statistic Qn is introduced and some of its properties are studied. It is shown that the proposed test can be generalized to test if two or more independent samples come from the same distribution. The test procedure provides a graphical method of identifying the true distribution when the null hypothesis is rejected.
Eine kurze Formel zur Berechung von partiellen Multiplen Korrelationen
Authors: Windemuth D. , Nentwig Ch. G. , Raatz U. , Windemuth  , Nentwig R. Na T. C. G. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractDie Herauspartalisierung von Effekten einer Variable auf Multiple Korrelationen kann nicht mit Hilfe der Formel zur Berechnung einfacher Partialkorrelationen durchgeführt werden. Es wird ein Verfahren vorgestellt, das die Bestimmung eines Partiellen Multiplen Korrelationskoeffizienten erlaubt. Das Vorgehen wird anhand eines Beispiels erlätert. Die Anwendung dieser Formel erweist sich insbesondere bei Verwendung eines Statistikprogrammpaketes (z. B. SPSS/PC+) als einfach.
Orthogonal Prediction Configural Frequency Analysis by Chi‐Square Partitioning
Authors: Lautsch Erwin , Lienert Gustav A. , Eye Alexander Von 
Published: May 2007

AbstractPrediction Configural Frequency Analysis is reconceptualized in terms of orthogonal Chi‐Square decomposition. The predictor‐criterion contingency table is subdivided into fourfold tables. The chisquare components of these tables, calculated using Kimball's shortcut formulas, sum up to the total chi‐square of the r × c table. As a result of this decomposition, the number of r × c prediction tests of classical Prediction CFA is reduced to R = (r ‐ 1) (c ‐ 1) biprediction types. The resulting version of Prediction CFA is termed orthogonal Prediction CFA. Orthogonal Prediction CFA is illustrated using data describing pupils' performance in German language as predicted from performance in two verbal tests.
A Bivariate Median Test on Partial Association CFA
Authors: Fleischmann U. M. , Lienert G. A. , Fleischmann Ulrich M. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractA modification of the two‐sample median test is introduced which enables a nonparametric evaluation of bivariate location differences. Based on the association of sub‐ und supramedian scores of the two variables a X2 globally evaluates the group differences of the medians. This is done assuming the two variables contribute to one supervariable. The method is examplified by recall scores of verbal and pictural stimuli in male and female elderly subjects. Generalizations for the case of more than two groups and more than two variables are discussed.
Design Aspects and Odds Ratio Estimation in Multicenter Case‐Control Studies
Authors: Becher H. , Drescher K. , Jöckel K.‐H. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIn this paper we propose a method to be used in the planning stage of a case‐control study. An allocation rule for controls in multicenter case‐control studies is proposed which would assure a simple, efficient and unbiased estimation of the odds ratio in the pooled data. It is shown that the efficiency of the design increases with increasing correlation between study center and risk factor. Sources of bias and their implications for relative risk estimation are discussed. The method is demonstrated with data from a case‐control study.
Bending of Parameter Estimates from Non‐Orthogonal Data to Improve Genetic Gain Through Index Selection
Authors: Jaiswal U. C. , Jain J. P. , Khanna A. S. , Jaiswal U. C. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe bending procedure for modification of the estimates of genetic and phenotypic variance‐covariance matrices in balanced data (HAYES and HILL, 1981) has been extended to non‐orthogonal data (unequal number of daughters per sire) and illustrated with the help of live data. Simulations conducted for different values of bending factor revealed that the expected genetic gain is improved significantly after modification of parameters.
Testing Hypotheses about Occupancy Rates for Clustered Populations
Authors: Vaillant J. , Vaillant J. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe use of the Pearson chi‐square statistic for testing hypotheses on biological populations is not appropriate when the individuals are distributed by clusters. In the case where the clusters are distributed independently of each other, we propose an asymptotically chi‐square distributed test statistic taking into account the cluster size distribution. An example provided by European Corn Borer eggs data is used to illustrate the test procedure.
A Multivariate Procedure for Linear Comparisons of Mean Vectors when Residual Covariance and Regression Coefficient Matrices are Unequal
Authors: Msra R. K. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractA multivariate procedure for testing linear comparisons of vectors of adjusted group means of response (dependent) variables when groups differ in residual covariance and regression coefficient matrices is presented. Such disparities have been observed in investigations of trends in contaminant levels in fish. Application of the procedure is illustrated with data on Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). The procedure is quite general and can be employed to test any linear comparisons.
Comparison of EEGs Before and After Stunning of Cattle Taking Account of Animal‐to‐Animal Variation
Authors: Jones Peter N. , Pettitt Anthony N. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractData are available for the electroencephalograms (EEGs) of cattle before and after they received a mild electric shock. The purpose of the proposed statistical analysis is to extract from the data what differences there an in pre‐ and post‐stun EEGs and possibly restrict attention to a small frequency band where there is a significant change. We study the log periodogram ratios for each animal and propose a stochastic model based method for smoothing these ratios. This method is novel in that it allows (i) for between animal variation, and (ii) the amount of local smoothing to adapt according to the data requirements. The smoothing method is implemented by utilizing a Kalman filter approach and the fixed interval smoothing algorithm, which allows us to obtain point‐wise estimates and standard errors for the log periodogram ratio. Common animal effects which are intimated by animal‐by‐animal plots of log periodogram ratios against frequency are highlighted by this method.
A Multivariate Method for the Parameter Estimation in Biorhythms
Authors: Kumar K. , Srivastava M. , Mandal S. K. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractA suitable multivariate method is described for the periodic observations of a group of individuals having comparable periods and amplitudes. Simultaneous confidence region can be obtained for the parameters of the group as a whole instead of an individual. The study of periodic behaviour of a group is more realistic than the study of the behaviour of an individual. An application of human leucocyte counts in microfilariasis (W. bancrofti) infection has been described.
An Annotated Bibliography on the Attributable Risk
Authors: Gefeller Olaf 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe attributable risk constitutes an important epidemiologic risk measure. In epidemiologic studies it quantifies the proportion of cases of disease due to the exposure factor under study. Hence, it assesses the public health importance of an exposure factor in the study population. The literature on the concept of attributable risk is diverse, appears in a variety of journals from different specialities, and most papers cite only a very limited part of it. In addition, it suffers from a substantial confusion in terminology and algebraic formulation. As a consequence, it is difficult to obtain an overview with respect to the statistical results relating to the concept. To remedy this problem, this paper provides an annotated bibliography containing a complete list of all references dealing with methodological aspects of the attributable risk.
Estimating Population Size for Continuous‐Time Capture‐Recapture Models Via Sample Coverage
Authors: Chao Anne , Lee S.‐M. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractAn estimation procedure using the idea of sample coverage is proposed to estimate population size for capture‐recapture experiments in continuous time. The capture rates (intensity) are allowed to vary by time and individuals (heterogeneity). Only capture frequency history are sufficient for estimating population size while capture times and sequential orders of animals caught are irrelevant for the analysis. An example is given for illustration. The performance of the proposed estimation procedure is also investigated by simulation.
Basing the Analysis of Comparative Bioavailability Trials on an Individualized Statistical Definition of Equivalence
Authors: Wellek S. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe conventional definition of bioequivalence in terms of population means only, is criticized for lacking relevance to the individual subject. Both approaches to bioequivalence assessment proposed here for avoiding this shortcoming, focus on the probability of an event induced by the response of a randomly selected subject to two formulations of a given active agent. The first approach leads to converting the basic idea underlying the well‐known 75‐rule into an exact statistical procedure. The second approach is of a parametric nature. It reduces bioequivalence assessment to testing against the alternative hypothesis that the standardized expected value of a Gaussian distribution is contained in a short interval around zero. For this problem, an exact optimal solution is provided as well.
A Note on Comparing Stochastically Restricted Linear Estimators in a Regression Model
Authors: Trenkler Götz 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIn his recent paper Liski (1989) derived conditions for superiority of the minimum dispersion estimator over another with respect to the covariance matrix when the parameter vector of a regression model is subject to competing stochastic restrictions. The aim of this note is to provide another necessary and sufficient condition which admits an easier interpretation of superiority related to the covariance matrix criterion.
Inverted Configural Types Derived from Incomplete Contingency Tables: Q‐CFA
Authors: Lienert G. A. , Ploog W. D. , Von Eye A. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractInverted Configural Frequency Analysis (Q‐CFA) allows one to analyze complete and incomplete, symmetrical and asymmetrical cross‐classifications made up by individuals rather than variables. The cells of such cross‐classifications contain counts of behavior events as, for instance, pairwise interactions of individuals. The paper introduces Q‐CFA. Interactions between individuals are defined as dyadic types and antitypes or as monadic types and antitypes. An example is given using data that describe genital display frequencies in squirrel monkeys. Generalizations are discussed in regard to the number of groups of individuals involved, to the type of design used for data collection, and the number of variables simultaneously analyzed.
Subset Selection Procedures for Randomized Designs
Authors: Dourleijn C. Johan , Driessen Stefan G. A. J. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractStarting from the principle that there exists a randomization procedure that assigns treatments to experimental units, four subset selection rules for the problem of selecting the best treatment from a set of different treatments are proposed. Two of these are extensions of already existing subset selection procedures, which were defined for unbalanced designs, and need a separate selection constant for each individual treatment. The other two rules proposed are new and need only one selection constant for all treatments. The various procedures are compared, and illustrated by application to a plant breeding variety trial.