bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Great Expectation in Shadow: Globalization and Young Chinese Entrepreneurs in Africa
Authors: Jun Yan , Xianju Guo , Liu Yuzhao 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
As China’s economic power continues to globalize, more and more Chinese companies and people are going overseas to explore new opportunities. In contrast to the existing research that focuses on the overseas operations of Chinese companies or general immigration phenomena, this study focuses on an emerging group of young entrepreneurs in Africa. Based on three exemplary case studies, this paper attempts to explore these young people’s reasons for going to Africa, their strategies for coping with difficulties, and their gradually formed new lifestyles and self-awareness. The study finds that this group has a stronger “entrepreneurial spirit” than the domestic mobile population of the same age, which is also in the context of individualization, and thus shows a different process of individualization. The members of this group came to Africa with high expectations, used creative solutions to solve various problems in work and life, and dared to break traditions, building their life trajectories and self-understanding in continuous actions. Different from the previous immigrant groups, young entrepreneurs in Africa represent a new way for Chinese people to go out in the world in the era of globalization.
Inertial Effect and Its Dependency on the Topographic Geometries in Barotropic Channel Models under the Weakly Nonlinear Regime
Authors: Matsuta Takuro , Mitsudera Humio 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Recent studies have shown that the sensitivity of the circumpolar transport of channels to the westerlies is controlled by wind-driven gyre circulations. Although the form stress associated with the gyres has been shown to be controlled by eddies, bottom friction, and topographic width, the role of inertial effects has not been fully understood. In this study, we conduct a series of sensitivity analyses using the barotropic model with and without the advection term (hereinafter, the model without the advection term is denoted as linear model). Experiments showed that the sensitivity of the circumpolar transport decreased under the westerly winds compared to the linear model, while it increased under the easterly winds. We show that the inertial effect of western boundary currents generates anomalous anticyclonic circulations over the topography, producing the westward topographic form stress anomalies regardless of the wind directions. In addition, we discuss the sensitivity of the inertial effect mechanism to topographic height, width, and geometries. The inertial effect mechanism is robust as long as the gyre circulations dominate while its relative importance changes. We also found that the dynamics of the barotropic channel strongly depend on the geometries of geostrophic contours f/h. Therefore, we conclude that the dynamics of barotropic channel models might be interpreted with caution to understand the dynamics of the Southern Ocean.

Significance Statement
Previous studies have studied baroclinic and barotropic channel models as a benchmark of the Southern Ocean, but the nonlinear dynamics of channels have not been fully understood. In this paper, we show that the inertial effect by the mean flow works to decrease the sensitivity to the westerly winds in the barotropic channel models using numerical experiments. We also show that the inertial effect is robust as long as gyre circulations exist, while its relative importance differs.
Utilizing waste manhole covers and fibreboard as reinforcing fillers for thermoplastic composites
Authors: Ayrilmis Nadir , Kanat Gürdal , Yildiz Avsar Esra , Palanisamy Sivasubramanian , Ashori Alireza 
Published: March 2024

This study investigated the potential of using recycled manhole cover flour (CMC) and medium density fibreboard (MDF) sawdust as low cost fillers for recycled polypropylene (PP) composites. Various compositions of CMC and MDF flour, up to 40 wt% (20 wt% CMC and 20 wt% MDF), were compounded with recycled PP using maleic anhydride grafted PP. The results showed that increasing the filler content improved the bending strength and modulus, reaching 46.4 MPa and 3399 MPa, respectively, at 40 wt% loading. However, the tensile strength decreased slightly with the addition of 10 wt% filler and showed a slight decrease with the increase in filler content from 20 to 40 wt%. The water absorption of the composites showed only a slight increase from 0% for pure PP to 0.007% for composites with 40 wt% filler. Thermogravimetric analysis confirmed the thermal stability of the composites up to about 400°C. This study demonstrated the potential of using a blend of waste CMC and MDF flour up to 40 wt% to improve the strength and water resistance of recycled PP composites, offering a promising and sustainable approach to cost-effective composite production.
Factors Associated With the Cardiovascular Health of Black and Latino Adults With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: McCarthy Margaret M. , Fletcher Jason , Wright Fay , Del Giudice Inés , Wong Agnes , Aouizerat Bradley E. , Vaughan Dickson Victoria , Melkus Gail D’Eramo 
Published: March 2024

Aims The purpose of this study was to assess the levels of cardiovascular health (CVH) of Black and Latino adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and examine the association of individual and microsystem level factors with their CVH score. Methods This was a cross-sectional design in 60 Black and Latino Adults aged 18–40 with T2D. Data were collected on sociodemographic, individual (sociodemographic, diabetes self-management, sleep disturbance, depressive symptoms, quality of life, and the inflammatory biomarkers IL-6 and hs-CRP) and microsystem factors (family functioning), and American Heart Association’s Life’s Simple 7 metrics of CVH. Factors significantly associated with the CVH score in the bivariate analyses were entered into a linear regression model. Results The sample had a mean age 34 ± 5 years and was primarily female (75%) with a mean CVH score was 8.6 ± 2.2 (possible range of 0–14). The sample achieved these CVH factors at ideal levels: body mass index <25 kg/m2 (8%); blood pressure <120/80 (42%); hemoglobin A1c < 7% (57%); total cholesterol <200 mg/dL (83%); healthy diet (18%); never or former smoker > one year (95%); and physical activity (150 moderate-to-vigorous minutes/week; 45%). In the multivariable model, two factors were significantly associated with cardiovascular health: hs-CRP (B = −0.11621, p < .0001) and the general health scale (B = 0.45127, p = .0013). Conclusions This sample had an intermediate level of CVH, with inflammation and general health associated with overall CVH score.
Commentary on 2022 guidelines on clinical trial design in cluster headache and further suggestions
Authors: Medrea Ioana , Tepper Stewart J. , Wang Donliang , Mathew Paul G. , Burish Mark 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
New guidelines for cluster headache clinical trials were recently published. We welcome these new guidelines and raise additional considerations in trial methodologies.

Main body
We present non-inferiority trials to overcome ethical issues with placebo use, and additionally discuss issues with trial recruitment.

Conclusions
We highlight some possible issues and solutions to be considered with the recently published cluster headache trial guidelines.
Exploring Aeromonas dhakensis in Aldabra giant tortoises: a debut report and genetic characterization
Authors: Zhao Chenxu , Qin Panpan , Li Shuai , Chen Zilu , Wang Tianliang , Liang Qunchao , He Weishi , Peng Zeyu , Yang Yurong , Peng Zhifeng , Li Yongtao 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAeromonas dhakensis (A. dhakensis) is becoming an emerging pathogen worldwide, with an increasingly significant role in animals and human health. It is a ubiquitous bacteria found in terrestrial and aquatic milieus. However, there have been few reports of reptile infections. In this study, a bacterial strain isolated from a dead Aldabra giant tortoise was identified as A. dhakensis HN-1 through clinical observation, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/MS), and gene sequencing analysis. Subsequently, to evaluate its pathogenicity, the detection of virulence genes and mice infection experiments were performed. A. dhakensis HN-1 was found to contain seven virulence genes, including alt, ela, lip, act, aerA, fla, and hlyA. Mice infected with A. dhakensis HN-1 exhibited hemorrhage of varying degrees in multiple organs. The half-maximal lethal dose (LD50) value of A. dhakensis HN-1 for mice was estimated to be 2.05 × 107 colony forming units (CFU)/mL. The antimicrobial susceptibility test revealed that A. dhakensis HN-1 was resistant to amoxicillin, penicillin, ampicillin and erythromycin. This is the first report of A. dhakensis in Aldabra giant tortoises, expanding the currently known host spectrum. Our findings emphasize the need for One Health surveillance and extensive research to reduce the spread of A. dhakensis across the environment, humans, and animals.
The burden of skin and soft tissue, bone and joint infections in an Australian cohort of people who inject drugs
Authors: Morgan B. , Lancaster R. , Boyagoda B. , Ananda R. , Attwood LO , Jacka D. , Woolley I. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Introduction
There are currently limited data regarding the clinical and economic significance of skin and soft tissue infections (SSTI) and bone and joint infections in Australian people who inject drugs (PWID).

Methods
Retrospective cohort study in adult PWID admitted to Monash Health, a large heath care network with six hospitals in Victoria, Australia. Inpatients were identified using administrative datasets and International Classification of Disease (ICD-10) coding for specific infection-related conditions. Cost analysis was based on mean ward, intensive care and hospital-in-the-home (HITH) lengths of stay. Spinal infections and endocarditis were excluded as part of previous studies.

Results
A total of 185 PWID (61 female, 124 male, median age 37) meeting the study criteria were admitted to Monash Health between January 2010 and January 2021. Admitting diagnoses included 78 skin abscesses, 80 cellulitis, 17 septic arthritis, 4 osteomyelitis, 3 thrombophlebitis and 1 each of necrotising fasciitis, vasculitis and myositis. Pain (87.5%) and swelling (75.1%) were the most common presenting complaints. Opioids (67.4%) and methamphetamine (37.5%) were the most common primary drugs injected. Almost half (46.5%) of patients had concurrent active hepatitis C (HCV) infection on admission. Hepatitis B (HBV) and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) were uncommon. The most significant causative organism was methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (24.9%). In 40.0% (74/185) no organism was identified. Patients required a median acute hospital stay of 5 days (2–51 days). There were 15 patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) with median duration 2 days. PICC line insertion for antibiotics was required in 16.8% of patients, while 51.4% required surgical intervention. Median duration of both oral and IV antibiotic therapy was 11 days. Almost half (48.6%) of patients were enrolled in an opioid maintenance program on discharge. Average estimated expenditure was AUD $16, 528 per admission.

Conclusion
Skin and soft tissue and joint infections are a major cause of morbidity for PWID. Admission to hospital provides opportunistic involvement of addiction specialty services.
Genotypic study of Chlamydia trachomatis for lymphogranuloma venereum diagnosis in rectal specimens from men who have sex with men: a cost-effectiveness analysis
Authors: Sánchez David , Ferrer Josep , Giménez Estela , Torres Ignacio , Carretero Diego , Alcaraz María Jesús , Castaño María Jesús , Navarro David , Albert Eliseo 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Purpose
The significant proportion of asymptomatic patients and the scarcity of genotypic analysis of lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV), mainly among men who have sex with men (MSM), triggers a high incidence of underdiagnosed patients, highlighting the importance of determining the most appropriate strategy for LGV diagnosis, at both clinical and economical levels.

Materials and methods
We conducted L1-L3 serovar detection by molecular biology in stored Chlamydia trachomatis-positive samples from MSM patients with HIV, another STI or belonging to a Pre-exposure prophylaxis program, to make a cost effectiveness study of four diagnostic strategies with a clinical, molecular, or mixed approach.

Results
A total of 85 exudates were analyzed: 35urethral (31 symptomatic/4 positive) and 50 rectal (22 symptomatic/25 positive), 70/85 belonging to MSM with associated risk factors. The average cost per patient was €77.09 and €159.55 for clinical (Strategy I) and molecular (Strategy IV) strategies respectively. For molecular diagnosis by genotyping of all rectal exudate samples previously positive for CT (Strategy II), the cost was €123.84. For molecular diagnosis by genotyping of rectal and/or urethral exudate samples from all symptomatic patients (proctitis or urethritis) with a previous positive result for CT (Strategy III), the cost was €129.39. The effectiveness ratios were 0.80, 0.95, 0.91, and 1.00 for each strategy respectively. The smallest ICER was €311.67 for Strategy II compared to Strategy I.

Conclusions
With 30% asymptomatic patients, the most cost-effective strategy was based on genotyping all rectal exudates. With less restrictive selection criteria, thus increasing the number of patients with negative results, the most sensitive strategies tend to be the most cost-effective, but with a high incremental cost-effectiveness ratio.
Associations between anxiety, depression, and personal mastery in community-dwelling older adults: a network-based analysis
Authors: Bian Zekun , Xu Renyan , Shang Bin , Lv Fei , Sun Weiyi , Li Qian , Gong Yijing , Luo Caifeng 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
In China, about 18.70% of the population aged 60 years and older are at risk of low personal mastery as well as anxiety and depression for a variety of reasons. The purpose of this study was to construct a symptom network model of the relationship between anxiety, depression, and personal mastery in community-dwelling older adults and to identify central and bridge symptoms in this network.

Methods
Depression, anxiety, and personal mastery were measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7), and Personal Mastery Scale (PMS), respectively. A total of 501 older adults in 16 communities in Changzhou and Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China, were surveyed by using a combination of stratified sampling and convenience sampling methods. The R language was used to construct the network.

Results
(1) The network structure of anxiety–depression–personal mastery was stable, with “Nervousness” (node GAD1, strength = 1.38), “Sad mood” (node PHQ2, strength = 1.22), " Inability to change” (node PMS2, strength = 1.01) and “Involuntarily” (node PMS3, strength = 0.95) as the central symptoms. (2) “Irritability” (node GAD6, bridge strength = 0.743), “Sad mood” (node PHQ2, bridge strength = 0.655), and “Trouble relaxing” (node GAD4, bridge strength = 0.550) were the bridge symptoms connecting anxiety, depressive symptoms, and personal mastery. (3) In the network comparison test (NCT), residence, somatic chronic comorbidity and gender had no significant effect on network structure.

Conclusions
The construction of the anxiety–depression–personal mastery network structure opens up new possibilities for mechanisms of action and intervention formulation for psychological disorders in community-dwelling older adults. The identification of central symptoms (e.g., nervousness, sad mood, inability to change, involuntarily) and bridge symptoms (e.g., irritability, sad mood, trouble relaxing) in community-dwelling older adults with anxiety, depression, and low sense of mastery can provide a scientific basis for the development of precise interventions.
Emotional, coping factors and personality traits that influenced alcohol consumption in Romanian students during the COVID-19 pandemic. A cross-sectional study
Authors: Rada Cornelia , Faludi Cristina , Lungu Mihaela 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
During the COVID-19 pandemic, after 3 months from the installation of the state of emergency on the territory of Romania, data were collected from 677 students and master’s students, to explore the problematic alcohol consumption (AC).

Methods
The evaluation was done with: Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scales, Strategic Coping Approach Scale and The Freiburg Personality Inventory. The statistical methods used were linear regression with bootstrap procedure, Spearman’s rank correlation, and the Mann-Whitney U test.

Results
More than half were affected by depression or anxiety of moderate to extremely severe intensity. The prevalence of problematic alcohol consumption was low: (Hazardous and Extremely Hazardous (2.3) and Medium Risk (10.2). Early onset increases the subsequent risk of problematic AC, compared to women, men recorded a higher AC (p <.01). Anxiety, antisocial action, personality traits Aggressiveness and Somatic complaints had the effect of increasing the alcohol consumption score (p <.01). Significant but weak positive correlations between AC on one hand, and depression, anxiety, stress and antisocial action on the other hand were found (p <.01).

Conclusions
Probably the prevalence of AC was low as a result of the fact that most respondents were studying in the field of health promotion and as a result of the closure of entertainment venues. This study advocates for the education of youngsters to clearly express their opinions without violating the boundaries of others’ feelings (assertive action) and to act prudently in dangerous or uncertain situations (cautious action) since these coping mechanisms were not associated with problematic alcohol consumption. The promotion of positive, achievement-oriented, life attitudes is equally important, as these characteristics of the Life Satisfaction personality dimensions were also found as non-determinants of alcohol-induced problems. The association of problematic AC with antisocial actions as a coping mechanism and high scores on Aggressiveness calls for interventions to educate the younger generation how to acquire and adopt healthy mechanisms to control tensions without resorting to alcohol consumption, more so as the two variables reinforce each other. Drinking as a means of gaining courage must be carefully reconsidered since anxiety generally hits back, often in increased levels.
Respiratory fit test panel representing population of Malaysia
Authors: Lim Yin Cheng , Soelar Shahrul Aiman , Shakor¹ Ameerah Su’ad Abdul , Mohamad Nadia , Pahrol Muhammad Alfatih , Ismail Rohaida , Danaee Mahmoud , Shaharudin Rafiza 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
The existing respiratory fit test panels (RFTPs) are based on Bivariate and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) which utilise American and Chinese head and facial dimensions. As RFTPs based on local facial anthropometric data for Malaysia are not available, this study was conducted with the aim to develop new RFTPs using Malaysian data.

Methodology
A cross-sectional study was conducted across Malaysia among 3,324 participants of the study of National Health and Morbidity Survey 2020 aged 18 and above. Ten head and facial dimensions were measured. Face length and face width were used to construct bivariate facial panel, whereas the scores from the first two PCA were used to develop the PCA panel.

Results
This study showed that Malaysians have the widest upper limit for facial width. It also found that three factors could be reduced from the PCA analysis. However only 2 factors were selected with PCA 1 representing head and facial size and PCA 2 representing facial shape. Our bivariate panel could accommodate 95.0% of population, while our PCA panel accommodated 95.6%.

Conclusion
This was the first study to use Malaysian head and facial anthropometry data to create bivariate and PCA panels. Respirators constructed using these panels are likely to fit ≥ 95.0% of Malaysia’s population.
The posterior tibial slope affects the measurement reliability regarding the radiographic parameter of the knee
Authors: Lee Seung-Hun , Yoo Je-Hyun , Kwak Dae-Kyung , Kim Sung-Hwan , Chae Sung-Kuk , Moon Hyun-Soo 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
Posterior tibial slope (PTS) exhibits considerable variability among individuals and is anticipated to influence the accuracy of radiographic measurements related to the knee. Despite this potential impact, there is a lack of prior research investigating how PTS affects the accuracy of these measurements. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of PTS on the measurement reliability regarding the radiographic parameter of the knee.

Methods
The medical records of patients who took full-length anteroposterior radiographs of the lower limb between January 2020 and June 2022 were evaluated retrospectively. Radiographic parameters related to the knee joint characteristics such as osteoarthritis grade, hip-knee-ankle angle, weight-bearing line ratio, medial proximal tibial angle (MPTA), lateral distal femoral angle, joint-line convergence angle (JLCA), and PTS were measured. Subjects were classified into 3 groups according to PTS (group A, PTS < 4°; group B, PTS ≥ 4° and < 8°; group C, PTS ≥ 8°), and the measurement reliability for the radiographic variables was compared between groups. The intra- and inter-observer agreements were assessed using the kappa coefficients, intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC), and Bland-Altman plots.

Results
A total of 175 limbs (86 patients) were included in this study. As the intra- and inter-observer reliability for PTS ranged over 0.9, grouping was performed based on the average of the measured PTSs. The inter-observer reliability of the MPTA and JLCA decreased as the PTS increased (ICCs for MPTA in Groups A, B, and C: 0.889, 0.796, and 0.790, respectively; ICCs for JLCA in Groups A, B and C: 0.916, 0.859, and 0.843, respectively), whereas there were no remarkable differences in other variables. Similar trends were observed in the comparisons of intra-observer reliability and Bland-Altman plots also showed consistent results.

Conclusion
The larger the PTS, the lower the measurement reliability regarding the radiographic parameters of the knee that includes the joint line, such as MPTA and JLCA. Given the occasional challenge in accurately identifying the knee joint line in patients with a relatively large PTS, careful measurement of radiographic parameters is crucial and utilizing repetitive measurements for verification may contribute to minimizing measurement errors.