bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Management of Early Leaf Spot of Peanut with Pyraclostrobin as Affected by Rate and Spray Interval
Authors: Culbreath A. K. , Brenneman T. B. , Kemerait R. C. 
Published: May 2008

Field tests were conducted in Tifton, Georgia, in 1998 to 2000 and in Plains, Georgia, in 1999 and 2000 to determine the efficacy of pyraclostrobin on early leaf spot (Cercospora arachidicola) of peanut (Arachis hypogaea). Application regimes included three rates (112, 168, and 224 g a.i./ha) of pyraclostrobin applied on 14-, 21-, and 28-day schedules. These were compared to currently-used fungicides chlorothalonil, tebuconazole, and azoxystrobin. In all tests, application of pyraclostrobin at rates of 168 g/ha or higher gave better leaf spot control than chlorothalonil applied at 1.26 kg/ha or tebuconazole applied at 227 g/ha on the same schedule. At both Plains and Tifton, plots treated four times with pyraclostrobin at 168 or 224 g/ha on a 28-day schedule had final leaf spot intensity ratings that were similar to those of standard rates of chlorothalonil or tebuconazole applied seven times on a 14-day schedule. At Tifton, all three rates of pyraclostrobin applied five times on a 21-day schedule had final leaf spot ratings lower than those of plots treated with seven applications of chlorothalonil or tebuconazole on a 14-day schedule. There was little improvement in leaf spot control with rates of pyraclostrobin higher than 168 g/ha in any test or application schedule. Fungicide effects on yield were not consistent, but in all tests, yields from plots treated with any of the three rates of pyraclostrobin were similar to or higher than yields from plots treated with 227 g/ha of tebuconazole on the same schedule. The ability to use pyraclostrobin at 21-day intervals and maintain control of early leaf spot similar to that of application of currently available fungicides at 14-day intervals represents potential savings in time, fuel, labor, and equipment costs. Accepted for publication 14 October 2002. Published 18 October 2002.
Confirmation of Shattercane (Sorghum bicolor) Resistance to ALS-Inhibiting Herbicides in Ohio
Authors: Brenly-Bultemeier Traci L. , Stachler Jeff , Harrison S. Kent 
Published: May 2008

A population of shattercane (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) located in Fairfield County, Ohio, was investigated for herbicide resistance after it persisted in a field that had been treated repeatedly with herbicides that inhibit acetolactate synthase (ALS). Herbicide bioassays confirmed cross-resistance of the suspected resistant (R) population to the ALS inhibitors nicosulfuron, primisulfuron, and imazethapyr. Herbicide doses required to reduce R shattercane shoot dry weight 50% (i.e., the GR50 values) were > 35,000, > 40,000, and 34,215 g ai/ha for nicosulfuron, primisulfuron, and imazethapyr, respectively. In contrast, GR50 values for the same herbicides applied to a susceptible (S) shattercane population from an adjacent county were 0.185, 0.025, and 0.038 g/ha, respectively. The high levels of resistance exhibited by the R population suggest that the resistance mechanism is due to one or more alterations in ALS, the herbicide target site. Effective management of ALS herbicide-resistant shattercane will require an integrated strategy designed to isolate the R population and deplete its soil seed bank while minimizing herbicide selection pressure. Accepted for publication 14 October 2002. Published 21 October 2002.
Detecting Single Seeds of Small Broomrape (Orobanche minor) with a Polymerase Chain Reaction
Authors: Osterbauer Nancy K. , Rehms Lisa 
Published: May 2008

The seeds of the federally-listed noxious weed and parasitic plant small broomrape (Orobanche minor Smith) are extremely small, averaging 200 to 300 μm in size. Because of its miniscule seed size, contamination of fields and seed lots by small broomrape seeds is difficult to detect and confirm via conventional methods. Complementary polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers based upon unique sequences in the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of the nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA) of small broomrape were developed. The PCR amplified small broomrape DNA and did not amplify DNA from other Orobanche species with similar host ranges found in Oregon. The primers also did not amplify the DNA of red and white clover (Trifolium pratense L. and T. repens L., respectively), two agricultural hosts for this parasite. The PCR-based assay was sensitive enough to detect a single small broomrape seed. Accepted for publication 14 October 2002. Published 18 October 2002.
Recent Trends in Microbiological Safety of Fruits and Vegetables
Authors: Buck J. W. , Walcott R. R. , Beuchat L. R. 
Published: May 2008

No single strategy will be successful in eliminating contamination of fresh produce and seed by human pathogenic bacteria, but a multi-pronged approach may reduce the risks of outbreaks. An integrated pest management model is likely to work for minimizing the risk of human pathogenic bacteria on seed and fresh produce. Accepted for publication 20 December 2002. Published 21 January 2003.
Particle Film, Surround WP, Effects on Glassy-winged Sharpshooter Behavior and Its Utility as a Barrier to Sharpshooter Infestations in Grape
Authors: Puterka Gary J. , Reinke Mike , Luvisi Donald , Ciomperik Matthew A. , Bartels David , Glenn D. Michael 
Published: May 2008

Glassy-winged sharpshooter (GWSS) was recently introduced into California and poses a serious threat to the grape industry because it is a very effective vector of the bacterium that causes Pierce's disease. We studied how GWSS was affected by a new technology called particle film, Surround™ WP, that protects plants from insect feeding, oviposition, and infestation by coating the plant surfaces with a protective mineral barrier. In caged field studies, we found that GWSS nymphs and adults were highly repelled by lemon trees treated with Surround WP. Applications of Surround WP turn foliage white; thus, we compared the attractiveness of white and other colors with yellow, which is extremely attractive to GWSS. This study showed that yellow was the most attractive color, followed by orange, and that white was among the least attractive colors, suggesting that Surround WP applications may make plants unrecognizable as hosts. In a field study that compared three biweekly Surround WP treatments to six weekly contact insecticide treatments, Surround WP performed as well as insecticides in reducing GWSS adult numbers and oviposition. Accepted for publication 25 February 2003. Published 21 March 2003.
First Report of Powdery Mildew of Kalanchoe blossfeldiana caused by Sphaerotheca fuliginea (Podosphaera fuliginea) in the Pacific Northwest
Authors: Glawe Dean A. , Hummel Rita , Jack Grace 
Published: May 2008

Kalanchoe blossfeldiana Poelln. is a common ornamental houseplant. Although powdery mildew is a major disease of this species, there are no published reports of it in the Pacific Northwest. In August, 2002, powdery mildew was observed on six indoor K. blossfeldiana plants in an office and adjacent laboratory at the Puyallup Research and Extension Center. Accepted for publication 25 March 2003. Published 17 April 2003.
First Report of Powdery Mildew of Magnolia Caused by Microsphaera magnifica (Erysiphe magnifica) in the Pacific Northwest
Authors: Glawe Dean A. 
Published: May 2008

Magnolia liliiflora Desrousseaux in Lamarck (orthographic variant: M. liliiflora), a species thought to have originated in China (3), is used as a landscape plant in North America. In August 2002, Microsphaera magnifica U. Braun was collected from three plants of M. liliiflora in the Magnolia collection at the Washington Park Arboretum, University of Washington, Seattle. This report documents for the first time a powdery mildew disease of a Magnolia species in the Pacific Northwest, and the first finding of M. magnifica in the western United States. Accepted for publication 14 April 2003. Published 12 May 2003.
Diagnosis of Peltamigratus christiei, a Plant-Parasitic Nematode Associated with Warm-Season Turgrasses in the Southern United States
Authors: Crow W. T. , Walker N. R. 
Published: May 2008

Various turfgrass species are used as ground cover for residential, commercial, right-of-way, and recreational purposes in the southern United States. Plant-parasitic nematodes are common and destructive pests of both warm- and cool-season turfgrasses. The population diversity and distribution of plant-parasitic nematodes in numerous turfgrass ecosystems have been characterized in this study. Accepted for publication 4 April 2003. Published 13 May 2003.
Dollar Spot in Four Bentgrass Cultivars as Affected by Acibenzolar-S-Methyl and Organic Fertilizers
Authors: Lee Joon , Fry Jack , Tisserat Ned 
Published: May 2008

Golf course superintendents are interested in identifying ways to reduce fungicide inputs on creeping bentgrass (Agrostis palustris Huds.) putting greens. Our objectives were to evaluate the influence of the plant defense activator acibenzolar-S-methyl (ASM, Actigard, Syngenta Corp., Basel, Switzerland) and organic fertilizers on dollar spot (Sclerotinia homoeocarpa F.T. Bennett) and brown patch (Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn) in four bentgrass cultivars. Crenshaw had over 10 times the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) value for dollar spot compared to the cultivar L-93 in 2000. Acibenzolar-S-methyl applied at 35 g a.i. per ha every 14 days between mid-May and mid-September for two consecutive growing seasons reduced the number of S. homoeocarpa infection centers by 15% in Crenshaw, 24% in Penncross, and 29% in Providence, but had no effect on the number of infection centers in L-93. Only Sustane (Crenshaw in 2000) and Milorganite (Crenshaw and Providence in 2001) suppressed dollar spot compared to urea. The following fertilizers resulted in an increase in S. homoeocarpa infection centers: Nature Safe 8-1.3-4.2 in Crenshaw in both years, and in Providence in 2000; Nature Safe 10-0.9-6.6 in Crenshaw in both years; and Sustane with Iron in Crenshaw in 2001. All other organic fertilizer × cultivar combinations resulted in dollar spot levels equivalent to those observed in ureatreated turf. Brown patch levels were not affected by cultivar, ASM, or organic fertilizers. The defense activator ASM deserves further evaluation as a tool to reduce dollar spot-targeted fungicide inputs in creeping bentgrass. Accepted for publication 5 June 2003. Published 26 June 2003.
Peduncle Rot of Dwarf Wheat caused by Rhizoctonia cerealis
Authors: Lovell D. J. , Parker S. R. , Baldwin S. , Fraaije B. A. 
Published: May 2008

Sharp eyespot, caused by the soil-borne fungus Rhizoctonia cerealis Van der Hoeven (teleomorph: Ceratobasidium cereale D. Murray & L.L. Burpee), is a common disease of Graminaceae plants including wheat, barley, oats, and rye. The fungus is prevalent throughout the major wheat growing regions of the world and is sometimes associated with pre- and post-emergence damping off and shoot death of seedlings. Accepted for publication 16 June 2003. Published 17 July 2003.
Diagnosis of Common Root Rot of Wheat and Barley
Authors: Mathre D. E. , Johnston R. H. , Grey W. E. 
Published: May 2008

Diagnosis of common root rot of wheat and barley is discussed in detail, including its symptoms and signs, host range, taxonomy, and geographic distribution, as well as methods of isolation, identification, and storage of the common root rot pathogen. Accepted for publication 17 July 2003. Published 19 August 2003.
Factors Limiting IPM-Compatibility of New Disease Control Tactics for Apples in Eastern United States
Authors: Rosenberger David A. 
Published: May 2008

Economic constraints in the production of apples and perhaps other horticultural crops limit the adoption of many new IPM-friendly technologies. Because of the diminishing profit margins and the complexities involved in evaluating new technologies, farmers will increasingly turn to crop consultants for advice on when and how to integrate new disease-control technologies into their production systems. Accepted for publication 26 June 2003. Published 26 August 2003.
Responding to an Introduced Pathogen: Podosphaera macularis (Hop Powdery Mildew) in the Pacific Northwest
Authors: Mahaffee Walter F. , Thomas Carla S. , Turechek William W. , Ocamb Cynthia M. , Nelson Mark E. , Fox Alan , Gubler Walter D. 
Published: May 2008

Powdery mildew of hop (Humulus lupus L.), which is caused by Podosphaera macularis (formerly Sphaerotheca macularis) was found in the Yakima Valley, WA in 1996 and subsequently spread to the growing regions in Oregon and northern and southern Idaho. To rapidly assist growers in reducing the cost associated with the preventive fungicide program, the Gubler/Thomas grape powdery mildew risk infection model was adapted for hops. In addition, field surveys were utilized to identify other management practices that impacted disease development. Weather networks were established and utilized to deliver daily regional maps indicating the risk index. These maps were posted to the web for daily access. Lessons learned from this experience will be useful in addressing future pathogen introductions. Accepted for publication 28 March 2003. Published 13 November 2003.
Field Application of Brassicaceous Amendments for Control of Soilborne Pests and Pathogens
Authors: Zasada I. A. , Ferris H. , Elmore C. L. , Roncoroni J. A. , MacDonald J. D. , Bolkan L. R. , Yakabe L. E. 
Published: May 2008

Field studies were conducted to evaluate brassicaceous amendments in combination with solarization against diverse soilborne organisms in cut-flower production systems. Across a diversity of California climates, the application of broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis) did not consistently reduce populations of Fusarium spp., citrus nematode (Tylenchulus semipenetrans), or weeds. Solarization in combination with broccoli amendments did not consistently improve pest suppression in cool coastal regions, whereas solarization was an important component of suppression in the hot central valley. When the biomass of broccoli was increased from 4 to 8.4 dry tons/ha, there was a decrease in survival of weeds and citrus nematode but the effect on Fusarium spp. survival was not consistent. A horseradish (Armoracia lapathifolia) amendment reduced nematode populations compared to broccoli, but increased field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis L.). Our research demonstrates that soilborne organisms vary greatly in their susceptibility to brassicaceous amendments. The citrus nematode was consistently suppressed by brassicaceous amendments, while the effect on Fusarium spp. and weeds was variable. To achieve consistent and reliable pest suppression in amendment-based management systems, it is essential to determine and understand the component mechanisms active against specific soilborne organisms. Accepted for publication 10 October 2003. Published 20 November 2003.
Resistance to Take-all is Not Expressed in Wheat-Alien Chromosome Addition and Substitution Lines
Authors: Edmunds Brooke A. , Gleason Mark L. 
Published: May 2008

Stalk and petiole rot of herbaceous ornamental perennials, caused by S. rolfsii var. delphinii, is a widespread disease in landscape plantings and nursery production fields in the Midwest United States. A better understanding of perennation of the pathogen could aid in development of more effective management recommendations. Sclerotia of S. rolfsii var. delphinii were produced on strips of inoculated cotton batting placed on moistened sand in a plastic crisper. After one week at 27°C, sclerotia were removed, sealed in nylon mesh bags, and the bags were buried immediately below the soil surface and at 15-cm and 30-cm depths at two locations in Iowa in September 2001. Germination of sclerotia was quantified in October and November 2001 and in April, May, June, and July 2002 by plating recovered, surface-sterilized sclerotia on carrot agar amended with antibiotics. Survival was highly variable but in June and July was greatest at the soil surface (~50%). This is the first documented evidence that S. rolfsii var. delphinii will overwinter in the Midwest and survive a sufficient length of time to cause disease in the next growing season. Accepted for publication 6 October 2003. Published 24 November 2003.
Gray Leaf Spot of Perennial Ryegrass
Authors: Harmon Philip F. , Latin Richard 
Published: May 2008

Diagnosis of gray leaf spot (caused by Magnaporthe oryzae) of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) is discussed in detail, including the disease's symptoms and signs, host range, taxonomy, and geographic distribution, as well as methods of isolation, identification, and storage of M. oryzae. Accepted for publication 29 January 2003. Published 10 March 2003.
First Report of Pepper mild mottle virus in Jalapeno Pepper in Georgia
Authors: Martínez-Ochoa Natalia , Langston David B. , Mullis Stephen W. , Flanders James T. 
Published: May 2008

In October of 2002, an entire field of jalapeno pepper in Grady County, Georgia was affected by a virus-like disease. All fruit and leaf tissues and seed samples tested positive for Pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV). Transmission through both seed and sap inoculation was confirmed under greenhouse conditions. This is the first report of seed-transmitted PMMoV affecting jalapeno peppers in Georgia. Accepted for publication 3 November 2003. Published 23 December 2003.
First Report of Plasmopara halstedii on Perennial Black-Eyed Susan in North Florida
Authors: Dankers Hank , Kimbrough James W. , Momol M. Timur 
Published: May 2008

In August 2003, the Florida Extension Plant Diagnostic Clinic in Quincy, FL, received a perennial black-eyed-susan (orange coneflower) plant exhibiting symptoms of downy mildew. Nearly all of approximately 0.2 hectares of potted plants grown by a nursery were symptomatic. Downy mildew has not been previously reported on perennial black-eyed-susan in Florida. Accepted for publication 2 January 2004. Published 19 January 2004.
Characterization of Pythium spp. from Three Ohio Fields for Pathogenicity on Corn and Soybean and Metalaxyl Sensitivity
Authors: Dorrance A. E. , Berry S. A. , Lipps P. E. 
Published: May 2008

Pythium spp. were baited with corn and soybean seed from soils collected from three locations in Ohio where soybean and corn stand establishment was a concern. Five species, P. catenulatum, P. irregulare, P. paroecandrum, P. splendens, and P. torulosum, were recovered and a subset of these isolates was then tested for pathogenicity on corn and soybean seed and sensitivity to the seed treatment fungicide metalaxyl. There was a range of both pathogenicity and sensitivity to metalaxyl within and among the Pythium spp. recovered from the three locations. A more thorough evaluation of the Pythium populations that exist in grain production fields in the north central region of the US is needed to facilitate the development and deployment of broader based seed treatment products. Accepted for publication 12 January 2004. Published 2 February 2004.
Transgenic Rootworm Corn: Assessing Potential Agronomic, Economic, and Environmental Benefits
Authors: Rice Marlin E. 
Published: May 2008

The potential benefits of transgenic rootworm corn (Cry3Bb1 protein) are expected to include: increased root protection; increased intangible benefits to farmers (safety of not being exposed to insecticides, ease of use and handling, time and labor savings, better pest control); increased economic benefits to farmers ($231 million from yield gains [$25-$75/acre relative to no insecticide control, $4-$12/acre relative to control with a soil insecticide] and $58 million in reduced insecticide risks and time savings); reduced incidence of corn stalk rot; and increased yield protection (9 to 28% relative to no insecticide use, 1.5 to 4.5% relative to control with a soil insecticide). If transgenic rootworm corn is planted on 10 million acres, the annual impact will be a reduction of 5,344,462 lb a.i. (75.2%) of insecticide use; increased resource conservation (3.07 to 5.23 million gal of diesel fuel equivalents conserved that would have been consumed in the manufacture and delivery of insecticides); increased water conservation (5,657,734 gal of water not used in insecticide application); conservation of aviation fuel (68,845 gal of aviation fuel not used); reduced farm waste (1,187,035 fewer insecticide containers used); increased planting efficiency; and improved safety to wildlife and other nontarget organisms. Accepted for publication 1 February 2004. Published 1 March 2004.
Trionymus haancheni McKenzie: A New Pest of Barley in Idaho
Authors: Alvarez Juan M. 
Published: May 2008

A new insect pest of barley, sometimes referred to as the Haanchen barley mealybug, was discovered for the first time in Idaho near Soda Springs during June 2003 in a commercial barley field. This report is the first documented detection of T. haancheni in Idaho. It summarizes what is known about T. haancheni from the published literature, field surveys in Idaho, and laboratory observations. Accepted for publication 11 February 2004. Published 15 March 2004.
First Report of Powdery Mildew of Akebia quinata Caused by Microsphaera akebiae (Erysiphe akebiae) in North America
Authors: Glawe Dean A. , Glass Jenny R. 
Published: May 2008

Akebia quinata (chocolate-vine, five-leaf akebia) is grown as a perennial ornamental vine in North America. Five collections were made from A. quinata plants in western Washington with symptoms of powdery mildew caused by Microsphaera akebiae Sawada. This report documents the presence of this fungus in North America for the first time, describes and illustrates this fungus and the disease it causes, and reviews the taxonomy and identification of the fungus. Accepted for publication 24 February 2004. Published 16 March 2004.
First Report of White Rust of Lunaria annua Caused by Albugo candida in North America
Authors: Glawe Dean A. , Glass Jenny R. , Putnam Melodie L. 
Published: May 2008

Lunaria annua, or money plant, is grown as an ornamental landscape plant and is used in dried flower arrangements. This report provides the first documentation of white rust (caused by the fungus Albugo candida) on L. annua in North America, and describes the symptoms and morphology of A. candida useful for identification. Accepted for publication 24 February 2004. Published 17 March 2004.
Fusarium Species Associated with Tall Fescue Seed Production in Oregon
Authors: Ocamb Cynthia M. , Alderman Stephen C. 
Published: May 2008

Seed samples were collected from 15 commercial tall fescue seed production fields and examined for Fusarium spp. The percentage of seeds from which Fusarium spp. were recovered ranged from 0 to 32%, while disinfesting seeds with 3% hydrogen peroxide reduced the recovery of Fusarium to 7% or less. The predominant Fusarium spp. isolated from the tall fescue seeds included F. avenaceum, F. culmorum, F. pseudograminearum, and F. sambucinum. Greenhouse inoculations of tall fescue panicles with F. avenaceum, F. culmorum, and F. pseudograminearum resulted in higher seedborne rates of each respective Fusarium sp. than that recovered from noninoculated plants. Seeds recovered from panicles treated with F. avenaceum or F. pseudograminearum had significantly lower germination rates relative to panicles sprayed with water or a suspension of F. culmorum. Our work confirms that Fusarium spp. decrease seed germination and expands the pathogen list to include F. avenaceum and F. pseudograminearum. Accepted for publication 17 February 2004. Published 19 March 2004.