bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Triggering of neoplastic B cells via surface IgM and the cell surface antigens CD20 and CDw40. Responses differ from normal blood B cells and are restricted to certain morphologic subsets
Authors: Beiske Klaus , Clark Edward A. , Holte Harald , Ledbetter Jeffrey A. , Smeland Erlend B. , Godal Tore 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBy raising monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against B cells, a number of cell surface molecules have recently been identified which after binding by their specific antibody can trigger B cells, either alone or in co‐operation with antibodies to surface immunoglobulin (slg). The anti‐CD20 (Bp35) MAb IF5 can deliver a strong activation signal to resting normal B cells, and the anti‐CDw40 (Bp50) MAb G28‐5 can promote activated G1 B cells to enter S phase. These antibodies were tested for their functional effects in vitro on suspended cells from 17 follicle‐center‐cell (FCC) lymphomas, 5 cases of chronic lymphatic B‐cell leukemia (B‐CLL) and 8 cases of various histological types. Changes in cellular volume, RNA and DNA synthesis were compared with the results obtained with a polyclonal anti‐μ [F(ab′)2] antiserum, a MAb to surface IgM (AF6), 12‐O‐tetradecanoyl‐phorbol‐ 13‐acetate (TPA) and B‐cell growth factor (low‐molecular‐weight BCGF). Our data reveal differences in the requirements for triggering of various B‐cell subsets: cells from CLL responded strongly to TPA but not to anti‐μ, which is a potent stimulator not only of normal B cells but also of cells from individual cases of FCC lymphomas. Our observations suggest that the differentiation stage of B‐CLL cells is distinct from that of small resting B cells from peripheral blood. Centrocytic lymphomas could not be activated by any of the reagents. CD20‐mediated triggering was seen in neoplastic B cells from only 4 of 30 cases, Indicating that most B‐cell neoplasias were not responsive to this activation pathway. In contrast, the anti‐CDw40 MAb consistently stimulated DNA synthesis together with anti‐μ or TPA in cells from FCC lymphomas, but not from CLL. Together, these results suggest that activation in different neoplastic B‐cell subsets depends on distinct signal transduction mechanisms.
Differential lysis of melanoma clones by autologous recombinant interleukin 2‐activated lymphocytes. Relationship with spontaneous resistance to doxorubicin (Dx)
Authors: Gambacorti‐Passerini Carlo , Rivoltini Licia , Supino Rosanna , Mariani Mariangela , Parmiani Giorgio 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTo investigate whether human melanoma cells intrinsically resistant to autologous LAKs do exist, and whether a relationship between the level of lysis of LAKs and spontaneous drug resistance can be identified at the clonal level, we studied 44 clones obtained from a metastatic melanoma lesion. The antigenic phenotype of clones revealed a marked heterogeneity in the expression of HLA antigens of classes I and II. The clones were subsequently tested for sensitivity to autologous LAK and for spontaneous resistance to Dx. No clone resistant to autologous LAK was found, although a considerable range of lysis was noted with a normal frequency distribution. Growth in agar of the 2 clones in which lysis was least pronounced (6 and 26) was completely inhibited after co‐culture with LAKs, indicating a lack of absolute resistance to these effectors, Spontaneous resistance to Dx, evaluated as ID50, revealed instead that the majority of clones had a low ID50. The frequency distribution of clones showed a left‐skewed curve. The percentage of specific 51Cr‐release and the ID50 for Dx could be correlated in 25 clones by linear regression. Sensitivity to LAK did not correlate with HLA classes I or II or melanoma‐associated antigen expression. These results support the contention that increased LAK sensitivity of tumor cells is associated with drug resistance.
Ethnic patterns of thyroid cancer incidence in the United States, 1973‐1981
Authors: Spitz Margaret R. , Sider Joanne G. , Katz Ruth L. , Pollack Earl S. , Newell Guy R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractDescriptive epidemiological findings for 7,696 patients with newly diagnosed thyroid cancer reported to the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program for the years 1973 through 1981 are summarized. The preponderance of this tumor in women and of the papillary histologic subtype are well documented. The data suggest that previously reported increases in the incidence of thyroid cancer among Whites levelled off in the late 1970s. Differences in the incidence of this cancer according to ethnic group were particularly striking. Compared with White men and women, Puerto Rico Hispanics and Blacks had significantly lower thyroid cancer rates (weighted rate ratios ranged from 0.48 to 0.65). New Mexico Hispanic men and Chinese, Japanese, Hawaiian and Filipino men and women had significantly higher rates (weighted rate ratios ranged from 1.56 to 3.17). Elevated thyroid cancer rates for residents of Hawaii, regardless of ethnic group, were also a noteworthy finding. Variations in thyroid cancer risk according to ethnic group and geographical residence may reflect socio‐economic or local environmental influences, including the possibility of a carcinogenic agent in volcanic lava.
The glioblastoma‐derived T‐cell suppressor factor/transforming growth factor beta2 inhibits the generation of lymphokineactivated killer (LAK) cells
Authors: Kuppner Maria C. , Hamou Marie‐France , Bodmer Stefan , Fontana Adriano , De Tribolet Nicolas 
Published: February 2007

AbstractGlioblastoma cells release factors (G‐TsF) which inhibit T‐cell proliferation. The G‐TsF is a novel member of the transforming growth factor β family and is identical to TGFβ2. The effect of G‐TsF and TGFβ2 on the induction of LAK cell activity was investigated by culturing PBL obtained from normal blood donors and brain tumour patients in varying concentrations (50–500 U/ml) of interleukin 2 (IL2) alone or IL2 plus GTsF/TGFβ2 (I ng/ml) for 4 days. Subsequent cytolytic activity was measured against autologous and allogeneic glioblastoma targets, fresh NK‐resistant melanoma cells and K562 cells. GTsF/TGFβ2 purified from glioblastoma cell cultures and TGFβ2 isolated from porcine platelets significantly suppressed the generation of LAK cell activity, and the inhibitory effect could be reduced by higher concentrations of IL2. The suppressive effect of TGFβ2 was most significant during the early stages of LAK cell generation and no inhibitory effect was seen when TGFβ2 was added directly to the cytotoxicity assay. These results suggest that human glioblastomas may exert an inhibitory influence on the generation of an immune response in vivo through the production of G‐TsF/TGFβ2, and that the inhibitory effect may be modified by IL2.
A new immunotoxin built by linking a hemolytic toxin to a monoclonal antibody specific for immature T lymphocytes
Authors: Avila A. D. , de Acosta C. Mateo , Lage A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractHybrid molecules built by conjugation between monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) and toxins are currently being experimentally tested as potential new anti‐cancer agents. These immunotoxins have mainly used the plant toxin ricin as the toxic component, which inhibits protein synthesis at the ribosome level. We present an alternative for toxic components using a hemolytic toxin acting at the membrane level, due to its phospholipase activity. The hemolytic toxin (HT), isolated from the sea anemone Stoichactis helianthus, has been conjugated to an antibody towards an antigen expressed on immature T lymphocytes (IOR‐T6), by means of an artificial disulphide bridge. The hybrid IOR‐T6‐HT exhibits no hemolytic activity unless it is reduced. It is toxic for cells (CEM) expressing the IOR‐T6 antigen and non‐toxic for cells (K562) not bearing the antigen. An excess of unconjugated antibody reverses the toxicity. Immunotoxins based on membrane active, hemolytic toxins can be a useful alternative when directed towards antigens which do not mediate internalization, as is the case for most carcinoma antigens.
Rescued human virus (RHV): Association with melanoma
Authors: Závada Jan , Závadová Zuzana , Havránková Marie 
Published: February 2007

AbstractRHV, which is presumably a defective human retrovirus, has been recovered from the human melanoma cell line HMB2. In the presence of Moloney mouse leukemia virus (MLV), used as a helper, RHV is serially transmissible in mouse NIH‐3T3 cells and can provide envelope antigens for vesicular stomatitis virus pseudotype–VSV (RHV). This pseudotype is neutralizable with an inhibitor, present in all human sera tested; the inhibitory activity is resistant to heating at 100°C. To detect whether any specific response to RHV is connected with the disease, we isolated IgG from 140 human sera (70 melanoma patients and 70 control group donors) and tested it for neutralization of VSV(RHV) pseudotype in a randomized, blind experiment. Sixteen samples of IgG from the sera of melanoma patients, but only one control IgG, neutralized the pseudotype; this difference was significant (p < 0.001). RHV thus appears to be in some way associated with melanoma.
Retinoic‐acid‐induced modulation of c‐myc not dependent on its continued presence: Possible role in pre‐commitment for HL‐60 cells
Authors: Guernsey Duane L. , Yen Andrew 
Published: February 2007

AbstractInduced differentiation of HL‐60 human promyelocytic cells along the myeloid or monocytic lineages has been previously shown to involve an intermediate regulatory state, the precommitment state. Pre‐commitment cells have completed the early events in the processes leading ultimately to terminal differentiation and require only an abbreviated subsequent exposure to inducer for onset of terminal differentiation. The pre‐commitment state has 2 properties relevant to the present communication: (I) when induced by retinoic acid (RA), it has a characteristic duration following removal of the RA; and (2) it can also be induced by a pulse exposure to hydroxyurea. In the present studies, it was observed that after exposure of HL‐60 human promyelocytic leukemia cells to RA for 24 hr (ca. one division cycle) their levels of c‐myc RNA were elevated. The c‐myc RNA level then remained elevated for several subsequent division cycles despite the removal of retinoic acid. Thus, retinoic acid induced a change in HL‐60 c‐myc RNA levels which was sustained regardless of the continued presence or absence of RA. The elevation, decreasing to control levels 3 division cycles after termination of the pulse exposure, paralleled the known duration of the pre‐commitment memory state. Furthermore, a pulse exposure of HL‐60 cells to a subcytotoxic dose of hydroxyurea, which is also known to induce a pre‐commitment state, also induced an elevation of c‐myc RNA levels. The observed changes in c‐myc levels were not common to all oncogenes. C‐fos responded differently to the retinoic acid treatment. Furthermore, although hydroxyurea affected c‐myc levels, it did not alter c‐fos levels. Most significantly, the present results suggest a cellular function for the c‐myc gene product, which is derivation of the pre‐commitment state.
Tumor necrosis factor α induces early morphologic and metabolic alterations in friend leukemia cell tumors and fibrosarcomas in mice
Authors: Proietti E. , Belardelli F. , Carpinelli G. , Di Vito M. , Woodrow D. , Moss J. , Sestili P. , Fiers W. , Gresser I. , Podo F. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMorphologic and metabolic studies have been carried out on Friend leukemia cell (FLC) tumors (grown in DBA/2 mice) or fibrosarcomas (grown in C3H/HeN or C3H/Hej mice) shortly after peritumoral injection of recombinant mouse tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α. Marked vascular congestion and focal extravasation of erythrocytes were observed as soon as I hr after injection of either FLC tumors or fibrosarcomas with TNF. Focal areas of disaggregation of tumor cells were observed I hr after injection of TNF. Intraluminal thrombi (composed of degranulated platelets and fibrin) were detected 3 and 6 hr after TNF treatment, and were associated with areas of depletion of endothelial cell cytoplasm. To correlate these morphologic changes in the tumor with alterations in tumor metabolism, NMR spectroscopy and biochemical studies were undertaken on freshly dissected FLC tumors and fibrosarcomas shortly after injection of TNF. The earliest metabolic alterations observed after I hr in TNF‐treated FLC tumors or fibrosarcomas were: (i) increase in the average intratumoral PH; (ii) decrease in the levels of ATP. These phenomena were not associated with a reduced glycolytic capacity of TNF‐treated tumors as, at these early times after injection, the levels of lactic acid were virtually the same for TNF‐treated or control treated tumors. Alterations in the levels of some products of phospholipid degradation (Gro‐PCho, GroPEtn, Crop and Cho) also occurred in these tumors as early as 3 hr after TNF treatment. These metabolic changes were not observed in ascitic FLC tumors after TNF treatment. We suggest that TNF induces alterations in tumor blood vessels which subsequently lead to changes in tumor metabolism and tumor degeneration.
Expression of the Epstein‐Barr virus encoded EBNA‐I gene in stably transfected human and murine cell lines
Authors: Patel Geeta V. , Masucci Maria Grazia , Winberg Gösta , Klein George 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFive murine and 3 human tumor cell lines were transfected with a retroviral vector that carries the EBV encoded EBNA‐I gene. All cell lines expressed intranuclear EBNA‐I as detected by anticomplement immunofluorexence and Western blot assays. The cell lines differed in the level of EBNA‐I expression and the size of the protein. The internal major late promoter of adenovirus was efficient in directing the transcription of EBNA‐I in the human lymphoma line BJAB, the murine T‐cell lymphoma Tikaut, RBL‐S, EL‐4 and in the mouse sarcoma line MSWBS but was less efficient in Ramos, an EBV negative Burkitt lymphoma line, the human T‐cell leukemia line 1301TK and the P815‐X2 mouse mastocytoma line. All transfected lines except MSWBS contained EBNA‐I in a truncated form. The truncated EBNA‐I polypeptide reacted with the conventional human antibody reagents in an EBNA specific fashion but failed to bind rabbit or human antibody directed against the glycine‐alanine repeat sequence. MSWBS contained a truncated as well as a full size EBNA‐I polypeptide. It also reacted with antibody directed against the glycinealanine repeat. This indicates that the repeat sequence is regularly affected by the truncation.
Comparative study of plasminogen activator antigens in colonic carcinomas and adenomas
Authors: Suzumiya Junji , Hasui Yoshihiro , Kohga Shin , Sumiyoshi Akinobu , Hashida Seiichi , Ishikawa Eiji 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe correlation between malignant transformation and increased PA synthesis or secretion has been examined in a variety of cell lines. To study the relationship between content and composition of PAs and colorectal neoplasms, we measured u‐PA and t‐PA antigen levels in normal mucosa, tubular adenoma, adenocarcinoma in adenoma, and adenocarcinoma, using a sensitive sandwich enzyme immunoassay. This assay was very sensitive and was not hindered by the presence of serine protease inhibitors. Both adenomas and carcinomas had higher u‐PA antigen levels than normal mucosa. The u‐PA antigen level of adenomas was lower than that of carcinomas. Antigen level of t‐PA, however, was lower in both adenomas and carcinomas compared with that in normal mucosa, the values being lowest in carcinomas. Two cases of carcinoma in adenoma had PA contents similar to those of carcinomas. u‐PA antigen level of adenomas with dysplastic epithelium was higher than that of adenomas without dysplastic epithelium. Therefore, the increase of u‐PA content in adenomas could be a parameter of malignant changes in adenomas.
Phenotypic variability of cultured rat hepatoma cell population in respect to alpha‐fetoprotein synthesis
Authors: Eraiser T. L. , Khamzina L. S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMcA‐RH 7777 hepatoma cells were cloned on 2 occasions a week apart (test cloning). Alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP) phenotypes of primary and secondary clones from 55 primary clones were estimated. High interclonal heterogeneity of AFP expression was demonstrated. This variability exceeded by several orders of magnitude the mutation rate. We also found intraclonal differences in rates of variability. A “stabilizing” cloning was also carried out, aiming at the selection of AFP+ and AFP− stable cell lines. Stabilizing cloning included 7 cycles of cloning and selection of the most phenotypically stable clone. This stability was shown to be incomplete during the maintenance of clones in culture.
Immunochemical characterization of adenocarcinoma‐associated antigen yh206
Authors: Hinoda Yuji , Imai Kohzoh , Ban Toshihiro , Endo Takao , Yachi Akira 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe antigen recognized by MAb YH206 is mainly expressed in adenocarcinomas and is also detected in the sera of cancer patients (Hinoda et al., 1987). This antigen (antigen YH206) was chemically characterized and purified by column chromatography. SDS‐PAGE analysis revealed a broad component in the high‐molecular‐weight range which was clearly detectable by carbohydrate (PAS) but not by protein (silver) stain. Agarose gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting of antigen YH206 indicated that it consists of a high‐molecular‐weight component (more than 2,000 kDa). Treatment of antigen YH206 with alkali suggested that the antigenic determinant consists of carbohydrate chains of mucin type. Density gradient ultracentrifugation revealed that the activity of antigen YH206 is localized at a density of 1.45 g/ml, suggesting that antigen YH206 is a mucin. Neuraminidase treatment of antigen YH206 indicated that the epitope is cryptic and contains an asialocarbohydrate chain. Once antigen YH206 has been purified by affinity chromatography, neither CA 19‐9 antigen nor DU‐PAN‐II antigen can be detected, although they were present at very high levels in the crude ascitic starting material; these last two are representative carbohydrate antigens which are widely used for serodiagnosis to detect adenocarcinomas.
The changing incidence of cancer in adults in New South Wales
Authors: McCredie Margaret , Coates Marylon S. , Ford Joyce M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractData from the New South Wales (NSW) Central Cancer Registry comprising all new cases of cancer registered in persons aged I 5 years and over for the 10‐year period 1973 to 1982 were examined using log‐linear regression to determine whether the incidence of cancer had been changing in NSW. Allowing for the altered age and sex structure of the population over this period, the annual incidence rate for all sites combined increased significantly by 1.7% in men and 1.0% in women. Cancers which had increased at a rate significantly greater than that for all sites combined were those of unknown primary site (8.7% per year), lung (in women only, 5.6%), kidney (4.5%), bladder (2.7%) and rectum (2.6%) and lymphomas (2.6%). Other cancers which showed a significantly increased incidence rate per se were testis (3.5%), larynx (3.2%), prostate (2.1%), colon (1.7%), brain (1.6%), leukaemias (1.3%) and lung (in men only, 0.7%). Cancers which had decreased significantly in incidence were those of oesophagus ( −2.2%), cervix uteri ( −2.0%) and stomach ( −1.4%). No significant change in incidence over the 10 years had occurred for cancers of the corpus uteri, breast, ovary or pancreas.
Epstein‐barr virus‐positive recipient type B‐cells survive in a “complete chimera” after allogeneic bone‐marrow transplantation
Authors: Gerhartz Heinrich H. , Mittermüller Johann , Raghavachar Anand , Schmetzer Helga , Clemmi Christof , Kolb Hans‐J. , Bartram Claus C. , Wolf Hans 
Published: February 2007

AbstractLatency of Epstein‐Barr virus infection may be generated by surviving immortalized B cells or by continuous re‐infection. EBV‐positive B‐cell tumors have been found following bone‐marrow transplantation (BMT) and were of donor type in the few cases investigated. We established a B‐cell line from the bone marrow of a patient in complete remission following allogeneic BMT for aplastic anemia 18 months post‐grafting. Differences in sex and isoenzymes allowed an exact determination of chimerism in our case. While the patient showed persistent complete chimerism of all cell lineages, cells grown in culture were of recipient type. They expressed B‐cell markers, showed a monoclonal rearrangement of the immunoglobulin genes and carried EBV‐associated antigens. As direct preparations of cells from the patient did not contain detectable recipient‐type cells, it appeared likely that small numbers of EBV‐transformed B cells of the recipient survived for long periods in this patient. For the development of secondary B‐cell neoplasms in vivo, additional patho‐physiological steps like severe graft versus host disease or T‐cell suppression are obviously required because the patient was still free of lyrnphoma 3 years post‐grafting.
Elevated serum CA 125 levels prior to diagnosis of ovarian neoplasia: Relevance for early detection of ovarian cancer
Authors: Zurawski Vincent R. , Orjaseter Harald , Andersen Aage , Jellum Egil 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTo investigate the sensitivity of the CA 125 immunoradiometric assay for occult ovarian neoplasia, serum CA 125 levels were retrospectively determined “blind” in specimens collected from 105 women who subsequently developed ovarian neoplasia, and from 323 matched controls. The distribution of CA 125 levels was very different between the case and control populations (p = 0.0001) over the entire collection‐to‐diagnosis interval (range 1–143 months). Median CA 125 levels for all cases, and for those collected more than 24, 36 or even 60 months prior to diagnosis, were always 18 U/ml or greater, compared with a median of 10.9 U/ml for controls. Half of the cases collected within the 18 months preceding diagnosis had CA 125 levels of more than 30 U/ml and one‐third had levels greater than 65 U/ml. About one‐fourth of those collected prior to 60 months before diagnosis had levels above 30 U/ml. In contrast, approximately 7% and 0.9% of controls had levels in excess of 30 or 65 U/ml, respectively. Elevations occurred in cases eventually diagnosed with localized or advanced cancer, and with borderline or obviously malignant disease. These results provide an insight into the preclinical biology of ovarian neoplasia that may help in designing methods for early detection of this disease, and demonstrate the usefulness of the JANUS serum bank as a resource in evaluating serum tests.