bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
All That Is Small Is Not a Small-Cell Carcinoma: Thoracic SMARCA4-Deficient Undifferentiated Tumors Masquerading as SCLC
Authors: Rekhtman Natasha 
Published: February 2024

SummarySmall-cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) cell lines have been widely utilized as a preclinical model of this highly aggressive disease. However, since their creation decades ago, novel tumor entities have been defined that might clinicopathologically mimic SCLC, which notably includes thoracic SMARCA4-deficient undifferentiated tumor (SMARCA4-UT). Multiomic reassessment of the presumed SCLC cell lines with high YAP1 expression reveals that nearly all of these tumors represent unsuspected SMARCA4-UT.See related article by Ng et al., p. 1846
Paternal Orphanhood, Parental Illness, and Child’s Biological Relationship to Household Head: Their Impact on Child Health in Nigeria
Authors: Kazeem Aramide , Musalia John 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This research fills a hole in the literature by investigating whether, in Nigeria, differences exist in the health of paternal orphans or vulnerable children depending on whether they have a close biological relationship with the household head compared to a distant relationship when health is measured through diarrhea, fever, and cough. The research analyzes the 2013 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey Data and employs a multi-level logistic regression as the model estimation technique. The results show that, regardless of the measure of child health, among paternal orphans or vulnerable children there is no significant difference in the health of grandchildren or children who are relatives/non-relatives of their household head in contrast to biological children of the household head. Further, results indicate that, among non-orphans or non-vulnerable children, there is a positive and statistically significant difference only in the odds of diarrhea for grandchildren compared to biological children. The devotion of foreign aid in social and health services in 2011–2013 from the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) for only orphans and vulnerable children, alongside contributions from the Nigeria government and other organizations, alleviated poor health status among said children.
Climatological Observation and Model Simulation of Near-Surface Hourly Maximum Gust Wind in Northern China
Authors: Yang Lu , Song Linye , Chen Mingxuan , Cheng Conglan 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
While previous work on the climatology of Northern China has focused on mean wind speed, wind gusts have received comparatively less attention but are equally important to various users. In this paper, an observed hourly maximum gust wind speeds (HMGS) dataset across North China has been created by using time series from 174 meteorological stations. The dataset offers superior quality, high spatiotemporal near-surface HMGS series for North China spanning from 2015 to 2022. The objective of this study is first to improve our understanding of the spatiotemporal gusts climatology in North China by analyzing the observed gust data. Second, we aim to supplement the observational data by using gust analysis and forecast data with a high spatial–temporal resolution from model simulations. The spatial characteristics of the seasonal cycle of the simulated analysis of mean HMGS and the performance in predicting gusts based on the geographical locations and elevations of the validation stations were investigated by comparing it with the observations. Results indicate the following: 1) Wind direction and intensity are affected by the terrain and climate conditions of different weather stations. Stations situated along the Bohai Bay coastal region and at higher-elevation areas of North China exhibit a higher mean HMGS than those located in the coastal and inland plains. 2) The probability density function curves for wind speed and wind direction exhibit notable variations across different elevation intervals. The contribution of moderate and strong gust wind speeds increases gradually with increasing altitude, while the gust directions in mountainous areas exhibit relatively consistent patterns due to the increased exposure to synoptic-scale forcing at higher elevations. 3) The nowcasting prediction system analysis of mean HMGS provides a higher horizontal resolution that is capable of capturing the contrasts between land and sea, as well as the influence of high HMGS associated with large-scale circulations in high-elevation regions.

Significance Statement
The purpose of this study is to better understand the spatiotemporal gust climatology in North China and the performance of the model-simulated gust analysis and forecast data. This is important because gusts conditions differ due to varying topographic and climatic conditions of different weather stations. Our results provide a valuable insight into the climatological variations of HMGS, their drivers, and identify the deficiencies in the model-simulation gusts.
Substantial Warming of the Atlantic Ocean in CMIP6 Models
Authors: Ren Qiuping , Kwon Young-Oh , Yang Jiayan , Huang Rui Xin , Li Yuanlong , Wang Fan 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The storage of anthropogenic heat in oceans is geographically inhomogeneous, leading to differential warming rates among major ocean basins with notable regional climate impacts. Our analyses of observation-based datasets show that the average warming rate of 0–2000-m Atlantic Ocean since 1960 is nearly threefold stronger than that of the Indo-Pacific Oceans. This feature is robustly captured by historical simulations of phase 6 of Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) and is projected to persist into the future. In CMIP6 simulations, the ocean heat uptake through surface heat fluxes plays a central role in shaping the interbasin warming contrasts. In addition to the slowdown of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation as stressed in some existing studies, alterations of atmospheric conditions under greenhouse warming are also essential for the increased surface heat flux into the North Atlantic. Specifically, the reduced anthropogenic aerosol concentration in the North Atlantic since the 1980s has been favorable for the enhanced Atlantic Ocean heat uptake in CMIP6 models. Another previously overlooked factor is the geographic shape of the Atlantic Ocean which is relatively wide in midlatitudes and narrow in low latitudes, in contrast to that of the Indo-Pacific Oceans. Combined with the poleward migration of atmospheric circulations, which leads to the meridional pattern of surface heat uptake with broadly enhanced heat uptake in midlatitude oceans due to reduced surface wind speed and cloud cover, the geographic shape effect renders a higher basin-average heat uptake in the Atlantic.
Femoral vein stenting versus endovenectomy as adjuncts to iliofemoral venous stenting in extensive chronic iliofemoral venous obstruction
Authors: Alhewy Mohammed Alsagheer , Abdelhafez Abdelaziz Ahmed , Metwally Mohammed Hamza , Ghazala Ehab Abd elmoneim , Khedr Alhussein M , Khamis Ahmed Atef , Gado Hassan , Abd-Elgawad Wael Abdo Abdo , El Sayed Abdullah , Abdelmohsen Abdelhalim A 
Published: February 2024

Purpose To compare femoral endovenectomy with the creation of an arteriovenous fistula (FE + AVF), versus iliofemoral endovenous stenting with the concurrent extended femoral vein (FV-S) stenting in patients with chronic iliofemoral venous obstruction (IFVO). Materials and Methods In a randomized prospective single-center study, 48 received (FV-S), while the other 54 had (FE + AVF). Results There were no statistically significant differences in the primary outcomes between the two groups (FV-S) and (FE + AVF) (59% vs 56.8%, 75% vs 79.1%, respectively). At a median of 13 months after the treatment. However, the FV-S group’s patients experienced fewer postoperative problems ( p = .012), shorter procedures ( p = .001), and shorter stays in the hospital ( p = .025). Conclusion There is no difference between the efficacy and symptomatic resolution of the FV-S group and the FE + AVF group at the same time, FV-S has lower postoperative complications and a shorter procedure duration and hospital stay.
Quantifying sensory thresholds along the migraine cycle: An exploratory longitudinal study
Authors: Ikumi Nara , Marti-Marca Angela , Torre-Suñe Anna de la , Cerda-Company Xim , Vilà-Balló Adrià , Gallardo Victor J , Caronna Edoardo , Alpuente Alicia , Pozo-Rosich Patricia 
Published: February 2024

Background To date, a number of studies on migraine have cross-sectionally evaluated sensory sensitivity with aversion thresholds/scores along the migraine cycle, reporting a decreased tolerance to sensory stimuli in different sensory modalities. Our hypothesis was that patients with migraine would exhibit heightened sensitivity to sound, light, touch and smell on days where they reported greater headache intensity. Methods This is an exploratory, longitudinal study, carried out over the course of 27 days. Aversion thresholds or scores to sound, light, touch and smell were quantified in six patients with migraine (11.33 ± 6.53 headache days/month). Results Patients reported an increased sensitivity to light ( padj = 0.0297), touch ( padj = 0.0077), and smell (padj = 0.0201) on days with higher headache intensity. However, a greater sensitivity to sound on days with higher headache intensity was only reported when anxiety levels were high ( padj = 1.4e−06). Interestingly, variable levels of tolerance to bothersome light over time can also influence the correlation between light sensitivity and headache intensity ( padj = 1.4e−06). Conclusions Based on the present findings, future longitudinal studies evaluating sensory threshold changes along the migraine cycle in patients with migraine should account for the increased tolerance to bothersome light over time as well as the effect of anxiety on auditory sensitivity.
Life expectancy and death pattern associated with systemic lupus erythematosus diagnosis in Brazil between 2000 and 2019
Authors: Reis-Neto Edgard Torres dos , Monticielo Odirlei Andre , Daher Milena , Lopes Flávia , Angrimani Daniel , Klumb Evandro Mendes 
Published: February 2024

Objectives to evaluate the main factors associated with mortality and determine the life expectancy of SLE patients between 2000 and 2019 years in Brazil. Methods death data related to SLE available in the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS) (DATASUS) were evaluated in all Brazilian states. Three groups of death causes potentially associated from SLE were evaluated: cardiovascular and kidney diseases and infections. Results The main causes of death associated with SLE were infection and kidney disease. Most SLE patients died between 19 and 50 years of age. Deaths associated with kidney disease were proportionally higher than in the general population with progressive decrease during the period. Instead, there have been an increase in the proportion of deaths due to infections both in SLE and in the general population. Conclusions SLE patients presented higher mortality compared to the general population matched for sex and age and the main causes associated with death were infection and kidney disease. Public health policies that promote early diagnosis, treatment and prevention of damage are necessary to reduce morbidity and mortality in SLE patients.
Two Chinese Patients of Auriculocondylar Syndrome 2: A Novel PLCB4 Splicing Variant and 5-Year Follow-up
Authors: Lin Yunting , Zhang Ye , Ma Jian , Liu Shu , Liu Yongxi , Yang Chaoxiang , Zeng Chunhua , Luo Xianqiong 
Published: February 2024

Objective Auriculocondylar syndrome (ARCND) is a set of rare craniofacial malformations characterized by variable micrognathia, ear malformations, and mandibular condyle hypoplasia, and other accompanying features with phenotypic complexity. ARCND2 caused by pathogenic variants in the PLCB4 gene is a very rare disease with less than 50 patients reported and only 36 different variants of the PLCB4 gene recorded in HGMD. This study aims to enrich the patient resources, clinical data and mutational spectrum of ARCND2. Design Case series study. Setting Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center and Guangdong Women and Children Hospital. Patients Two Chinese patients with ARCND2. Main Outcome Measures Clinical, radiological and molecular findings. Results Both the two patients presented with craniofacial and ear malformations, and feeding difficulties. Whole exome sequencing identified two different variants of the PLCB4 gene in these two patients with a heterozygous allele and a de novo mode of inheritance respectively. Patient 1 carried a known pathogenic c.1861C > T(p.Arg621Cys) missense variant, whereas Patient 2 had a novel c.225 + 1G > A splicing variant. Sanger sequencing confirmed the presence of PLCB4 variants in the proband and absence in the unaffected parents. These two PLCB4 variants were suggested as disease-causing candidates for these two patients. During a 5-year follow-up, Patient 2 gradually manifested crowded teeth, underweight, motor delay and intellectual disability. Conclusions In this study, we report two Chinese patients with ARCND2, describe their clinical and mutational features, and share a 5-year follow-up of one patient. Our study adds two additional patients to ARCND2, reveals a novel PLCB4 variant, and expands the phenotypic and genotypic spectrum.
Cleft Laterality Dental Arch Relationship Outcomes for Children with Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate in New Zealand
Authors: Fowler Peter V. , Keall H. , Kennedy D. , Healey D. , Thompson J.M.D. 
Published: February 2024

Objectives To investigate cleft laterality dental arch relationship outcomes of children with non-syndromic complete unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) in New Zealand. Design A retrospective nationwide study. Settings Virtual 3D orthodontic study models collected prior to undertaking secondary alveolar bone grafting. Participants A total of 104 patients with UCLP (L = 80: R = 24). Outcome measures Four calibrated assessors used the GOSLON Yardstick and 100 mm Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) to score the randomised models on 2 separate assessment sessions. Weighted Kappa were used to determine the intra/inter-rater reliability for the GOSLON and correlations for the VAS. Results Intra-rater reliability ranged from 0.57-0.88 (GOSLON) and 0.45-0.93 (VAS). Inter-rater reliability ranged from 0.62-0.86 (GOSLON) and 0.64-0.93 (VAS). GOSLON scores for the left UCLP were 31.2% for good/very good; 26.3% for fair; 42.5% for poor/very poor while the right UCLP scored 8.3% for good/very good; 37.5% for fair; 54.2% for poor/very poor. The mean VAS for left and right UCLP were 53.4 (sd 22.5) and 44.6 (sd 17.1) respectively. Neither the GOSLON nor VAS differences reached statistical significance (both P = .08). Conclusions From a clinical perspective right UCLP had worse dental arch relationship outcomes, however, these differences failed to reach statistical significance. Further studies using larger sample sizes are required to determine if cleft laterality is an important consideration when investigating UCLP dental arch outcomes.
Minimally Invasive Surgery vs Nonoperative Treatment for Displaced Intraarticular Calcaneal Fracture: A Prospective Propensity Score Matched Cohort Study With 2-Year Follow-up
Authors: Ahluwalia Raju , Lewis Thomas Lorchan , Musbahi Omar , Reichert Ines 
Published: February 2024

Background: Optimal management of displaced intraarticular calcaneal fractures remains controversial. The aim of this prospective cohort study was to compare the clinical and radiologic outcomes of minimally invasive surgery vs nonoperative treatment in displaced intraarticular calcaneal fracture up to 2 years. Methods: All displaced intraarticular calcaneal fractures between August 2014 and January 2019 that presented to a level 1 trauma center were considered for inclusion. The decision to treat was made by a multidisciplinary team consisting of fellowship-trained orthopaedic surgeons. Operative treatment protocol involved sinus tarsi approach or percutaneous reduction and internal fixation. Nonoperative protocol involved symptomatic management with no attempt at closed reduction. The Manchester-Oxford Foot Questionnaire (MOXFQ) and EuroQol–5 Dimensions–5 Level (EQ-5D-5L) patient-reported outcome measures were used to assess foot and ankle and general health related quality of life outcomes, respectively, at 2-year follow-up. Radiographic assessment was performed based on preinjury and 12-week postinjury radiographs. Results: A total of 101 patients were included for analysis between August 2014 and January 2019. We propensity score matched 46 patients in the surgical cohort to 46 patients in the nonsurgical cohort. At 24 months, there was no significant difference in the MOXFQ Index score ( P > .05); however, the surgical cohort had a significantly higher EQ-5D-5L Index score ( P < .05) and return to work (91% vs 72%, P < .05) and physical activity rate (46 vs 35%, P < .05) despite a higher proportion of more complex fractures in the surgical cohort. The wound complication rate following surgery was 16%. In addition, 14% of patients in the nonoperative cohort subsequently underwent arthrodesis compared with none of the patients in the surgical cohort. Conclusion: In this study, we found that operative treatments were associated with low rates of surgical complication at 2 years and long-term pain improvement, facilitating earlier and better functional outcomes for complex injury patterns compared with nonoperative treatment for less severe fractures. Level of Evidence: Level III, retrospective cohort.
Comparison of osteolysis around 3 different cement restrictors in total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Prins Wybren , Cornelissen Maarten P , Goudriaan W Alexander , Edens Mireille A , Amaya Jeremy , Zollinger Paul E , Verheyen Cees C P M , Ettema Harmen B 
Published: February 2024

Background and aim: Several studies reported osteolysis around polyethylene glycol/polybutylene terephthalate (PEG/PBT) based femoral cement restrictors. Our goal was to evaluate and compare osteolysis around 3 different plug designs: the slow biodegradable PEG/PBT cement restrictor; the fast biodegradable gelatin cement restrictor; and the non-biodegradable polyethylene plug. Patients and methods: In a retrospective multicentre cohort study chart data were extracted of patients who received a total hip arthroplasty between 2008 and 2012. A total of 961 hips were included. Cortical ratio between inner and outer cortices at the centre of the plug was measured on routine postoperative follow-up moments. Median follow up of all 3 hospitals was 3.5 years (1.4–7.3). The primary outcome was evidence of osteolysis (i.e. the difference in cortical ratio [CR]) on anteroposterior (AP) radiographs at final follow-up. Results: Progressive osteolysis was found around the PEG/PBT cement restrictor represented by a significantly increasing cortical ratio (ΔCR 0.067 (95% CI, 0.063–0.071). Distance from tip prosthesis to plug and size of the plug were found to be independent factors in predicting increased cortical ratio. Conclusions: Our multicentre cohort shows increase of cortical ratio around the PEG/PBT cement restrictor which progresses over time. Physicians should be aware of this fact and are advised to intensify follow-up of patients who received this cement restrictor.
Evaluating the Role of Methylated Circulating Tumor DNA in Combination With Pathological Prognostic Factors for Predicting Recurrence of Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Al Naji Hiba , Winter Jean M , Pedersen Susanne K , Roy Amitesh , Byrne Susan E , Young Graeme P , Symonds Erin L 
Published: February 2024

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) has a high rate of recurrence, in particular for advanced disease, but prognosis based on staging and pathology at surgery can have limited efficacy. The presence of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) at diagnosis could be used to improve the prediction for disease recurrence. Objectives: To assess the impact of detecting methylated BCAT1/IKZF1 ctDNA at diagnosis in combination with demographic, lifestyle, clinical factors and tumor pathology, to assess predictive value for recurrence. Design: A retrospective cohort study. Methods: The cohort included 180 patients (36 with recurrent CRC), who had undergone complete treatment and surveillance for a minimum of 3 years. Participant clinical details and ctDNA methylated BCAT1/ IKZF1 results were compared between those with and without recurrence, and cox regression analysis assessed each factor on disease-free survival. Results: Clinical factors independently associated with reduced disease-free survival included nodal involvement (HR = 3.83, 95% CI 1.56-9.43, P = .003), M1 stage (HR = 4.41, 95% CI 1.18-16.45, P = .027), a resection margin less than 2 mm (HR = 4.60, 95% CI 1.19-17.76, P = .027), perineural involvement (HR = 2.50, 95% CI 1.01-6.17, P = .047) and distal tumors (HR = 3.13, 95% CI 1.07-9.18, P = .037). Methylated BCAT1/ IKZF1 was detected in 51.7% (93/180) of pre-treatment plasma samples. When a positive ctDNA finding was considered in combination with these clinical prognostic factors, there was improved predictive power of recurrence for patients with perineural involvement (HR = 4.44, 95% CI 1.92-10.26, P < .001), and it marginally improved the predictive factor for M1 stage (HR = 7.59, 95% CI 2.30-25.07, P = .001) and distal tumors (HR = 5.04, 95% CI 1.88-13.49, P = .001). Conclusions: Nodal invasion, metastatic disease, distal tumor site, low resection margins and perineural invasion were associated with disease recurrence. Pre-treatment methylated ctDNA measurement can improve the predictive value for recurrence in a subset of patients, particularly those with perineural involvement. Registration: Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry #12611000318987.
Intergenerational Mobility in South Asia
Authors: Khan Zanbaz Ahmed , Patra Biswajit 
Published: February 2024

This article analyses the movement of intergenerational mobility (IGM) in South Asia from birth cohorts comprising 1950–1980 using the World Bank’s data on IGM. The article compares the IGM movements across countries to account for the causal factors of the IGM. Exploratory data analysis and Bayesian regression have been used in this study for empirical analysis. We note that in the past three decades, the share of primary parental education in South Asia constitutes 79% of the total, while the children who achieved the highest level of education constitute only 10%. Children in Sri Lanka have been enrolled in school for the greatest number of years, but the absolute IGM in India is greater than Sri Lanka. Bhutan lags in average years of educational attainment, yet their relative mobility surpasses every country in South Asia. The likelihood that Pakistani children’s status shall be independent of their parental status is as low as 20%. Despite variation in parental education, absolute IGM in India is highest in South Asia. Variation in parental education reduces the degree of independence in the next generation. Relative measure of mobility is a better indicator of social mobility than the absolute measure. JEL Codes: I21, I24, I28, J24, J62, N35