bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Finding nutrition information on the Web: Coverage vs. authority
Authors: Doran Susan G. , de Ycaza Samuel , Eastman Caroline M. , Jansen Bernard J. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe ability of different types of web sites to provide relevant information in response to queries in the area of nutrition is investigated here. Nutrition related queries from users of the Excite search engine were posed to a number of nutrition Web sites in order to assess whether or not topical matches were found. The queries were also submitted to four general‐purpose search engines. Surrogate users were used to assess the actual relevance of topical matches. Matches were retrieved for about 36% of the queries on the nutrition sites; the range for different sites went from a low of 8.6% to a high of 68.6%. For the general search engines, matches were retrieved for about 92% of the queries. Almost all of the topical matches in both cases were judged relevant.
Intellectual structure and subject themes in information systems research: A journal cocitation study
Authors: Marion Linda S. , Wilson Concepcion S. , Davis Mari 
Published: October 2006

AbstractInformation Systems (IS) is a discipline in which research and practice are closely intertwined. IS is also closely related to and overlapping several other disciplines, including Information Science. Thus, IS provides an excellent case for examining the interplay of research and practice in a rapidly changing discipline. We explore the intellectual structure and subject themes in Information Systems (IS) research for 1990 to 1999 through the identification and analysis of the field's core journal literature. A core journal list of 100 titles was created and examined with journal cocitation analysis (JSA). JSA demonstrates that IS is a coherent discipline with research ranging from technology‐oriented software and hardware to the application of IS in business and organizations. Journals are grouped into seven subject clusters: computer science, computer networking, computer engineering, information science, software engineering, human‐computer interaction, and management information systems. Information Science journals occupy a bridging position between technically oriented and application‐focused clusters. ASIST publications, JASIST, ARIST, and PASIS, figure prominently in the Information Science cluster.
An extensible approach to interoperability testing: The use of special diagnostic records in the context of Z39.50 and online library catalogs
Authors: Moen William E. , Taylor Sebastian Hammer and Mike , Yoon Jason Thomale and JungWon 
Published: October 2006

AbstractAssessing interoperability in the networked information services and applications environment presents difficult challenges due in part to the multi‐level and multi‐faceted aspects of interoperability. Recent research to establish an interoperability testbed in the context of Z39.50 protocol clients and servers and online catalog applications identified threats to interoperability and defined a question space for interoperability testing. This paper reports on follow‐up research to develop an alternative approach for interoperability testing in the context of networked information retrieval that uses specially designed diagnostic records. These records, referred to as radioactive records, enable interoperability assessment at the protocol and semantic levels. This approach appears to offer an extensible method for interoperability testing for other metadata and protocol application environments. The resulting interoperability testbed incorporates additional components to exploit automatic processes for interoperability testing and assessment, thus improving the efficiency of interoperability testing.
Are library and information science journals becoming more internationalized? — A longitudinal study of authors' geographical affiliations in 20 LIS journals from 1981 to 2003
Authors: Sin Sei‐Ching Joanna 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThis paper examines journal publications in the field of library and information science (LIS) to assess the level of internationalization in their publications authorship pattern. The international production and communication of scholarly knowledge is crucial to the growth of a discipline. Recent advancement in communication technology and the rise of globalization have led to the hope of a more balanced flow of scientific knowledge. Nevertheless, scholars also cautioned the possibility of a global digital divide and a widening knowledge gap. This study analyzed the geographical affiliations of authors in 20 international LIS journals to track the longitudinal changes in LIS authorship pattern. Findings suggest an increase in the internationalization of LIS authorships over the years. However, the LIS authorship distribution was still highly uneven in 2003 (Gini coefficient = 0.95). Economic power is still found to be a moderate predictor of publication performance. The findings of this study suggest that, at the moment of the writing, there is still room for the LIS field to be more internationalized. Further research is needed to identify the barriers in international scholarly communication and to explore the implications of such a communication pattern on scientific development and global equality.
Metadata quality and evaluation
Authors: Busch Joseph , Greenberg Jane , Liddy Elizabeth D. , Moen William E. , Zeng Marcia , Subrahmanyam Bhagirathi 
Published: October 2006

AbstractGood “quality metadata supports the functional requirements of the system it is designed to support” (Guy, Powell, & Day, 2004). Researchers (e.g., Moen, Stewart, and McClure, 1997; Bruce & Hillman, 2004) have identified evaluation criteria and issues surrounding metadata evaluation. This panel further explores metadata quality and evaluation challenges. Specific topics covered include how metadata specialists (library catalogers) utilize available rich content designation for MARC bibliographic records and professional metadata creators—and the identification of evaluation criteria; means for comparing metadata generated by resource authors, automatic metadata generation applications; and two National Science Foundation National Science Digital Library (NSF‐NSDL) projects: a tripartite evaluation involving a metadata quality study, an information retrieval study, and a metadata user study; and a quality assessment of metadata records contributed by members to the NSDL.
Automatic evaluation of credibility on the Web
Authors: Wassmer Marcus , Eastman Caroline M. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA system to automatically assess credibility of web sites is described. The system uses information about credentials, advertisements, and web design to produce a credibility measure. The system was tested on several web sites in the medical domain. It selected the same three domains as most credible as did two manual rankings from the Wall Street Journal and a Stanford University research study.
Engagement as process in human‐computer interactions
Authors: O'Brien Heather L. , Toms Elaine G. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractRecently there has been an increased emphasis on holistic user experiences in human‐computer interactions. Interface design is moving beyond usability, aiming to be aesthetically pleasing, emotionally appealing, and engaging. The term engagement is frequently mentioned in the literature as a goal of interface design, yet the construct remains abstract and ill‐defined. The well‐established frameworks of Flow Theory, Play Theory, and Aesthetic Theory provide a foundation in which to ground engagement and to begin to explore the attributes that must be present in engaging design. We conceptualize engagement as a process rather than a single instance. Our proposed model views engaging interactions as being comprised of three distinct stages: the user must become engaged, sustain the engagement, and eventually disengage from the system. Establishing a solid framework for engagement will enable us to operationally define the term and to develop techniques and instruments for measuring it. Without a rich, theoretical understanding of what constitutes engaging interactions between users and computer interfaces, we cannot ensure that design practices are truly engaging; user's experience with computer‐mediated environments must involve the user cognitively, behaviorally, and affectively.
Geographical representation of library collections in WorldCat: A prototype
Authors: Connaway Lynn Silipigni , Snyder Clifton , Olszewski Lawrence 
Published: October 2006

AbstractIn today's world, people can be inundated by an overwhelming amount of information. Library and information science professionals attempt to provide information systems that are capable of retrieving precise and accurate information. One method for the organization and retrieval of geographically‐based information is to develop a system to visually represent the data. A prototype for an interactive map, the OCLC World Map, was developed to provide a visual tool for the management and representation of geographically‐based library collections and library data. These data are used to provide information for decision‐making in regard to remote storage, collection management and cooperative collection development, preservation, and digitization. The collection data for the map were generated from WorldCat, the OCLC Online Computer Library Center bibliographic database. WorldCat contains approximately 55 million records, and not only serves as an aggregator of bibliographic data, but also identifies a billion holding locations by type of library for library resources. Additional data, gathered from more than thirty other sources, such as library expenditures and number of libraries, are represented on the OCLC WorldMap.
Interoperability strategies for scientific cyberinfrastructure: Research and practice
Authors: Baker Karen S. , Ribes David , Millerand Florence , C. Bowker Geoffrey 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe development of new infrastructures for research and collaboration are occurring together with changes in expectations for scientific knowledge. New vocabularies and perspectives are developing with social and organizational practices of science changing concurrently but at different rates. Between the new infrastructures and the new perspectives, we are changing both how we know and what it is to know.A recently initiated three year project supported by the NSF Human Social Dynamics Program (Interoperability Strategies for Scientific Cyberinfrastructure: A Comparative Study) brings together work with three established research collaborations on large‐scale information infrastructures in order to understand through comparative study particular configurations of technologies, communities, and organizations. Despite specific alignments of technical commitment, community involvement and organizational structure, all the projects fall under a common rubric of achieving for data interoperability.
Policy capturing models for multi‐faceted relevance judgments
Authors: Huang Xiaoli , White Ryen W. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractWe applied policy capturing and bootstrapping methods to investigate the relevance judgment process, with a particular focus on understanding how judges summarize an overall relevance judgment from five specific aspects of relevance. Our data come from relevance judgments made in the development of the MALACH (Multilingual Access to Large Spoken ArCHives) Speech Retrieval Test Collection. We developed a linear model for each of four relevance judges by regressing his/her overall judgments on the five specific relevance aspects. According to these models, different judges tended to assign different importance weights to different aspects. One of the linear models was applied to seven new judgment sets and was highly successful at predicting accurate overall judgments for the seven judgment sets.
Trouble ahead: Propositional attitudes and metadata
Authors: Renear Allen , Choi Yunseon 
Published: October 2006

AbstractWe argue that the natural pressure to develop increasingly expressive metadata systems will soon present new and very difficult problems to the metadata community. In particular we draw attention to propositional attitudes, which will be important for a wide variety of metadata applications, including representations of trust in ecommerce, and representations of provenance, expert assessments, and social context in the management of cultural objects. However propositional attitudes are extremely difficult to represent in a way that supports automated inferencing. Both the web and the museum informatics community have recognized this problem and stipulate limitations to their systems. But eventually this problem will require more functional resolution. We believe that intentionality‐related problems, like the representation of propositional attitudes will soon be more important to metadata and knowledge representation research than traditional modeling problems, such as the expressiveness vs. efficiency tradeoff.
Users' conceptual structure, search process and useful information types in the retrieved references
Authors: Vakkari Pertti , Serola Sami , Pennanen Mikko 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThis study focuses on the relationship between students' conceptual understanding of their information need, search process and search outcome in terms of useful information types in the references retrieved for their task. The research subjects were 22 undergraduates of psychology preparing a research proposal. They were asked to make searches in the PsycINFO database in the beginning of their proposal preparation. A pre‐ and post‐search interview was conducted and the search logs were recorded. The students assessed the utility of the references retrieved in terms of given information types useful for their task, i.e. using multidimensional relevance assessments. Students' conceptual structure was both directly and indirectly connected to the number of retrieved references via search tactics, providing certain types of information for the task. Different search tactics led to the retrieving of references containing different types of information. It was observed that certain field codes of PsycINFO fitted in part with the useful information types. Signalling more clearly those field codes related to these dimensions of topicality, could help users in articulating their information needs and consequently in improving search results.
Authenticity: New personas for digital media
Authors: Blanchette Jean‐François , Bachimont Bruno , Mak Bonnie , Salaün Jean‐Michel 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThis panel approaches the problem of authenticity as the concept is evolving through technological practices. Most debates surrounding this evolution have proceeded from a naturalized definition of authenticity. This definition is largely founded on the printed word tradition and the principle that faithfulness to the written word is paramount, while stylistic modifications to the form of documents are acceptable.This naturalized definition can be problematized using two different axes: (1) from textual to non‐textual (e.g., audio‐visual) documents; (2) from paper to electronic media. In the first case, there are no general and stable conventions for distinguishing content from its formal manifestation. In the second case, the only stable measure of authenticity, that of bitwise integrity, (a) is too restrictive to deal with the inevitable logical format migrations that must occur for digital media to remain accessible; and (b) does not measure how the rendering process of the bitstream (e.g., on screen, on paper) conforms to the content of the document.The papers in this panel will explore how new electronic documentary practices challenge the naturalized definition of authenticity, and chart how concepts of authenticity evolve in conjunction with such practices. The papers will suggest how new rules and conventions for defining authenticity may emerge in given areas of documentary practices — digitized medieval manuscripts, electronic contracts, XML‐encoded documents — or from multidisciplinary research efforts.
Information visualization: From conceptual theory to digital implementation
Authors: Neal Diane , Hastings Samantha K. , Jeong Wooseob , Uzwyshyn Ray 
Published: October 2006

AbstractInformation visualization allows the exploration of large sets of non‐linear paradigms for the organization of a wider spectrum of media elements (i.e. video, visual images, sound, and datasets). Information visualization in the form of 2D and 3D objects and environments has been moving from conceptual theory to digital implementation. The panelists represent different projects that have brought theory into implementation and will share information, demonstrations, and results.
Light and electron microscopic studies of the murine heart after repeated administrations of ciguatoxin or ciguatoxin‐4c
Authors: Terao Kiyoshi , Ito Emiko , Yasumoto Takeshi 
Published: October 2006

AbstractAfter repeated ip and oral administrations of ciguatoxin (CTX) and ciguatoxin‐4c (CTX‐4c), one of the derivatives of CTX, to male ICR mice at a dose of 0.1 μg/kg for 15 days, resulted in marked swelling of cardiac cells and endothelial lining cells of blood capillaries in the heart was observed. Single doses caused no discernible pathological changes. Damage to the capillaries was followed by prominent effusion of serum and erythrocytes into the interstitial spaces of the myocardium occurred. Swelling of the endothelial lining cells of capillaries caused narrowing of the lumen and accumulation of blood platelets in capillaries, which resulted in multiple single cell necroses of cardiac muscle cells. Within 1 month after the treatments of these phycotoxins, myocytes and capillaries appeared to be normal. Effusion in the interstitial spaces resulted in formation of bundles of dense collagen, which persisted for 14 months. Diffuse interstitial fibrosis was prominent in septum and ventricles, accompanied by bilateral ventricular hypertrophy. A single dose of 0.7 μg/kg ip resulted in severe acute heart injuries, followed by diffuse myocardial fibrosis. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Genotoxicity of fungi evaluated by SOS microplate assay
Authors: Sakai Masashi , Abe Ken‐Ichi , Okumura Hiroki , Kawamura Osamu , Sugiura Yoshitsugu , Horie Yoshikazu , Ueno Yoshio 
Published: October 2006

AbstractBy an introduction of sodium dodecylsulfate for cell lysis and immunomicroplate for mass assay, the modified SOS microplate assay method was established and applied for the evaluation of genotoxicity of mycotoxins and fungal cultures. Among 20 mycotoxins, the carcinogenic dihydrobisfuranoids such as aflatoxin B1, sterigmatocystin, and versicolorin A were positive in the presence of the activation system. While, the carcinogenic anthraquinones and lactones such as luteoskyrin, rugulosin, ochratoxin A, patulin, and citrinin were negative. The survey on genotoxic fungi revealed that, among 15 fungal isolates Aspergillus versicolor, Emericella acristata, and others were positive. Additional survey on 265 fungal isolates have revealed that various Aspergillus genera such as A. flavus, A. parasiticus, A. ustus, A. nidulans, and others were positive for SOS induction, along with several isolates of Fusarium moniliforme. The chemical analysis revealed that the dihydrobisfuranoids such as aflatoxin B1, and sterigmatocystin were the major genotoxic metabolites of several Aspergillus species. The SOS microplate assay system is a simple and rapid procedure for the mass screening of genotoxic fungi, particularly of the dihydrobisfuranoids‐producing strains. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Trichothecene synergism, additivity, and antagonism: The significance of the maximally quiescent ratio
Authors: Koshinsky Heather A. , Khachatourians George G. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe interactive effect of the combinations of trichothecene mycotoxins often found in fungus infected plants, contaminated grain, and other biological systems is poorly understood. Growth inhibition of the yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus was used to measure the effects of HT‐2 toxin, roridin A, and T‐2 toxin as individual toxins or as binary mixtures. A value, the combination index, was derived which indicates the interactive effects of a binary mixture of toxins. The interaction is affected by the ratio of the individual toxins, and the percent inhibition of yeast growth. Generally the interaction of T‐2 toxin and roridin A or T‐2 toxin and HT‐2 toxin changes from antagonistic when they cause a low percent inhibition of yeast growth to synergistic when they cause a high percent inhibition of yeast growth. Additionally, any two trichothecenes have a unique ratio, which we name the maximally quiescent ratio (or MQR), where there is the least change in the type and intensity of their interaction. The maximally quiescent ratio in this case has helped to define the nature of toxin interactions and could be used to provide insights into hormone, immune system, developmental, enzyme, and gene regulation, combined drug therapy, and the action of mixtures of natural or synthetic toxins, carcinogens, pesticides, and environmental pollutants. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Aflatoxins isolated by immunoaffinity chromatography from foods consumed in the Gambia, West Africa
Authors: Hudson Geoffrey J. , Wild Christopher P. , Zarba Audrey , Groopman John D. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractAn aflatoxin‐specific, monoclonal antibody‐based immunoaffinity chromatography method has been developed for the rapid isolation of aflatoxins from human foods. Aflatoxins were isolated by immunoaffinity chromatography from a variety of cooked foods, including maize, rice, millets, groundnut sauces, and leaf sauces, collected in The Gambia, West Africa. The aflatoxins were measured by direct fluorescence or high‐pressure liquid chromatography. The highest levels were found for groundnut sauces, mean 162 ppb (range 18 to 943 ppb) for 18 positive samples, but aflatoxins were found in other foods; e.g., maize, mean 9.7 ppb (range 2 to 35 ppb) for nine positive samples. The food analysis results were used with records of the amounts of cooked food to estimate a mean daily intake for an individual of the order of 3.5 μg of aflatoxins per day. This approach for exposure assessment is considered in relation to other biomarkers of aflatoxin exposure using biological fluids. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of sanguinarine on the transport of essential nutrients in an everted gut sac model: Role of Na+, K+‐ATPase
Authors: Tandon Sangita , Das Mukul , Khanna Subhash K. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe effect of the argemone alkaloid, sanguinarine, was studied on the active transport of D‐glucose and some of the L‐amino acids in everted sacs of the small intestine of rats. Sanguinarine (1.0 μmole) was found to inhibit (61%) the transport of D‐glucose, while an alkaloid concentration of 0.1 μmole was ineffective. Both 0.1 and 1.0 μmole of sanguinarine had no effect on the transport of the L‐amino acids including aspartic acid, lysine, and tyrosine. Sanguinarine showed a dose dependent inhibition of intestinal and hepatic Na+, K+‐ATPase in a non‐competitive manner. The inhibition of Na+, K+‐ATPase by sanguinarine may in turn inhibit the active transport of D‐glucose which requires a sodium pump. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Toxins in the seedlings of some varieties of grass pea (Lathyrus sativus)
Authors: Lambein Fernand , Khan Jehangir K. , Kuo Yu‐Haey , Campbell Clayton G. , Briggs Colin J. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe major toxin present in the dry seeds and seedlings of Lathyrus sativus is the neurotoxin 3‐N‐oxalyl‐L‐2,3‐diaminopropanoic acid (β‐ODAP). The presence of one additional neurotoxin and an osteotoxin in the seedlings increases the overall toxicity. Isolation, purification, and detection of these toxins are described. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.