bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Day-Care Surgery for Pilonidal Sinus
Authors: Abdul-Ghani AKM , Abdul-Ghani AN , Clark CL Ingham 
Published: November 2006

INTRODUCTION The surgical approach to symptomatic pilonidal sinus is open to debate. Many techniques have been described and no single technique fulfils all the requirements of an ideal treatment. Ambulatory treatment with minimal morbidity and rapid return to activity is desirable. The aim of this work was to study the feasibility of day-care surgery for excision and primary asymmetric closure of symptomatic pilonidal sinus. PATIENTS AND METHODS All patients referred electively over 2 years were assessed in a single-consultant, colorectal clinic and booked for day-care surgery. All patients had excision and primary asymmetric closure under general anaesthesia in the left lateral position. Whenever possible, they were discharged on the same day according to the day-surgery protocol. Patients were subsequently seen in the out-patient clinic for removal of stitches and were followed up further if there was any wound breakdown. RESULTS Fifty-one patients were operated on electively for pilonidal sinus over the 2 years. Two patients were excluded as the final diagnosis was not pilonidal sinus. At 4 weeks following operation, 43 (88%) had complete healing and 6 (12%) had dehiscence of the wound. Recurrence rate was 8% (4 patients) for follow-up of 12–38 months. There was no admission from the day-surgery unit and no unplanned re-admissions. The cost for day-care pilonidal sinus surgery was estimated to be £672.00 per patient compared with in-patient cost of £2405.00. CONCLUSIONS Excision and primary asymmetric closure for pilonidal sinus is safe and feasible as day-care surgery and is associated with potential cost saving.
Social care research: a suitable case for systematic review?
Authors: Sharland Elaine , Taylor Imogen 
Published: November 2006

English
This article examines how systematic reviews might best address social care research. In the context of broader methodological debate, it draws on recent first-hand experience of undertaking systematic reviews in this field, to propose that research inclusion, quality assessment and synthesis should be guided by certain key characteristics of social care knowledge, research and practice. It explores the potential of the TAPUPAS framework, developed by Pawson and colleagues (2003) to address qualities of social care knowledges in general, for informing and moving forward our thinking about systematic reviews of social care research in particular.
Residual Stress Distributions for Plate T-Butt Welds in Defect Assessment Applications
Authors: Lee H-Y , Lee S-H , Lee J-H , Wimpory R , Nikbin KM 
Published: November 2006

Abstract
The residual stress distributions for plate T-butt welds were determined from a detailed finite element analysis of the welding process and they were compared with those of the measured data for validation. The residual stress distributions from the analyses and measurements were shown to be in similar shape. The distributions were found to be below the master curve for the residual stresses that were previously determined from a statistical analysis for a range of weld geometries and materials. A failure assessment for the T-butt weld with cracks under residual stress distributions has been carried out. The conservatism in the current life assessment procedures regarding the residual stresses were quantified based on the stress intensity factor (SIF) calculations for the T-butt weld. It was shown that the master curve profile provides more realistic values for the SIFs with reasonable conservatism than the profiles recommended in the existing assessment procedures.
Vitamin K Prophylaxis for Preterm Infants: A Randomized, Controlled Trial of 3 Regimens
Authors: Clarke Paul , Mitchell Simon J. , Wynn Robert , Sundaram Shanmuga , Speed Valerie , Gardener Elizabeth , Roeves Donna , Shearer Martin J. 
Published: November 2006

OBJECTIVE. Preterm infants may be at particular risk from either inadequate or excessive vitamin K prophylaxis. Our goal was to assess vitamin K status and metabolism in preterm infants after 3 regimens of prophylaxis.
METHODS. Infants &lt;32 weeks’ gestation were randomized to receive 0.5 mg (control) or 0.2 mg of vitamin K1 intramuscularly or 0.2 mg intravenously after delivery. Primary outcome measures were serum vitamin K1, its epoxide metabolite (vitamin K1 2,3-epoxide), and undercarboxylated prothrombin assessed at birth, 5 days, and after 2 weeks of full enteral feeds. Secondary outcome measures included prothrombin time and factor II concentrations.
RESULTS. On day 5, serum vitamin K1 concentrations in the 3 groups ranged widely (2.9–388.0 ng/mL) but were consistently higher than the adult range (0.15–1.55 ng/mL). Presence of vitamin K1 2,3-epoxide on day 5 was strongly associated with higher vitamin K1 bolus doses. Vitamin K1 2,3-epoxide was detected in 7 of 29 and 4 of 29 infants from the groups that received 0.5 mg intramuscularly and 0.2 mg intravenously, respectively, but in none of 32 infants from group that received 0.2 mg intramuscularly. After 2 weeks of full enteral feeding, serum vitamin K1 was lower in the infants who received 0.2 mg intravenously compared with the infants in the control group. Three infants from the 0.2-mg groups had undetectable serum vitamin K1 as early as the third postnatal week but without any evidence of even mild functional deficiency, as shown by their normal undercarboxylated prothrombin concentrations.
CONCLUSIONS. Vitamin K1 prophylaxis with 0.2 mg administered intramuscularly maintained adequate vitamin K status of preterm infants until a median age of 25 postnatal days and did not cause early vitamin K1 2,3-epoxide accumulation. In contrast, 0.2 mg administered intravenously and 0.5 mg administered intramuscularly led to vitamin K1 2,3-epoxide accumulation, possibly indicating overload of the immature liver. To protect against late vitamin K1 deficiency bleeding, breastfed preterm infants given a 0.2-mg dose of prophylaxis should receive additional supplementation when feeding has been established.
Energy expenditure and physical activity in Prader–Willi syndrome: Comparison with obese subjects
Authors: Butler Merlin G. , Theodoro Mariana F. , Bittel Douglas C. , Donnelly Joseph E. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractPrader–Willi syndrome (PWS) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by hypotonia, suck and feeding difficulties, hypogonadism, small hands and feet, developmental delay, hyperphagia and early childhood obesity and a particular facial appearance. The obesity associated with PWS is the result of a chronic imbalance between energy intake and energy expenditure (EE) due to hyperphagia, decreased physical activity, reduced metabolic rate and an inability to vomit. EE is affected by body composition as well as exercise. Individuals with PWS have a lower lean body mass (LBM) compared with controls which may contribute to reduced basal level EE. To determine the relationship among body composition, activity levels and metabolic rates, dual energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DEXA) and a whole‐room respiration chamber were used to measure body composition, total EE (TEE), resting EE (REE), physical activity, and mechanical work (MW) during an 8 hr monitoring period. The chamber consisted of a live‐in whole‐room indirect calorimeter equipped with a force platform floor to allow simultaneous measurement of EE, physical activity, and work efficiency during spontaneous activities and standardized exercise. Participants with PWS (27 with 15q11–q13 deletion and 21 with maternal disomy 15 with an average age of 23 years) had significantly decreased TEE by 20% and reduced LBM compared to 24 obese subjects. Similarly, REE was significantly reduced by 16% in the individuals with PWS relative to the comparison subjects. Total MW performed during the 8 hr monitoring period was significantly reduced by 35% in the PWS group. The energy cost of physical activity is related to the duration, intensity and type of activity and the metabolic efficiency of the individual. After adjusting group differences in LBM by analysis of variance, TEE and REE were no longer different between the two groups. Our data indicate that there is a significant reduction of EE in individuals with PWS resulting from reduced activity but also from lower energy utilization due to reduced LBM which consists primarily of muscle. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Atmospheric plasma‐aided biocidal finishes for nonwoven polypropylene fabrics. I. Synthesis and characterization
Authors: Gawish S. M. , Matthews S. R. , Wafa D. M. , Breidt F. , Bourham M. A. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractNovel biocidal fabrics were synthesized by the graft copolymerization of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) onto plasma‐treated nonwoven polypropylene (PP) to produce PP/GMA grafts. Atmospheric oxygenated helium plasma was used to enhance the PP fabrics' initiation before GMA grafting. The grafted PP/GMA epoxide group was reacted with β‐cyclodextrin, monochlorotrizynyl‐β‐cyclodextrins, or a quaternary ammonium chitosan derivative [N‐(2 hydroxy propyl) 3‐trimethylammonium chitosan chloride]. Some interesting biocidal agents were complexed into the cyclodextrin (CD) cavity of PP/GMA/CD grafted fabrics. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and optical and scanning electron microscopies were used to characterize the grafted complexed fabrics. These synthesized biocidal fabrics proved to be antistatic, antimicrobial, and insect‐repelling (see part II of this study). © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 1900–1910, 2007
Connections of eye‐saccade‐related areas within mesencephalic reticular formation with the optic tectum in goldfish
Authors: Luque Maria A. , Perez‐Perez Maria P. , Herrero Luis , Torres Blas 
Published: November 2006

AbstractPhysiological studies demonstrate that separate sites within the mesencephalic reticular formation (MRF) can evoke eye saccades with different preferred directions. Furthermore, anatomical research suggests that a tectoreticulotectal circuit organized in accordance with the tectal eye movement map is present. However, whether the reticulotectal projection shifts with the gaze map present in the MRF is unknown. We explored this question in goldfish, by injecting biotin dextran amine within MRF sites that evoked upward, downward, oblique, and horizontal eye saccades. Then, we analyzed the labeling in the optic tectum. The main findings can be summarized as follows. 1) The MRF and the optic tectum were connected by separate axons of the tectobulbar tract. 2) The MRF was reciprocally connected mainly with the ipsilateral tectal lobe, but also with the contralateral one. 3) The MRF received projections chiefly from neurons located within intermediate and deep tectal layers. In addition, the MRF projections terminated primarily within the intermediate tectal layer. 4) The distribution of labeled neurons in the tectum shifted with the different MRF sites in a manner consistent with the tectal motor map. The area containing these cells was targeted by a high‐density reticulotectal projection. In addition to this high‐density topographic projection, there was a low‐density one spread throughout the tectum. 5) Occasionally, boutons were observed adjacent to tectal labeled neurons. We conclude that the organization of the reticulotectal circuit is consistent with the functional topography of the MRF and that the MRF participates in a tectoreticulotectal feedback circuit. J. Comp. Neurol. 500:6–19, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sex and species differences in tyrosine hydroxylase‐synthesizing cells of the rodent olfactory extended amygdala
Authors: Northcutt Katharine V. , Wang Zuoxin , Lonstein Joseph S. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BST) and the medial amygdala (MeA) are anatomically connected sites necessary for chemosensory regulation of social behaviors in rodents. Prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster) are a valuable model for studying the neural regulation of social behaviors because, unlike many other rodents, they are gregarious, pair bond after copulating, and are biparental. We herein describe sex and species differences in immunoreactivity for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), the rate‐limiting enzyme for catecholamine synthesis, in the BST and MeA. Virgin male prairie voles had a large number of TH‐immunoreactive cells in areas analogous to the rat principal nucleus of the BST (pBST) and the posterodorsal medial amygdala (MeAPd). Virgin female prairie voles had far fewer TH‐immunoreactive cells in these sites (∼17% of the number of cells as males in the pBST, ∼35% of the number of cells in the MeAPd). A few TH‐immunoreactive cells were found in the BST of male and female hamsters and meadow voles, but not in rats. The MeApd also contained a few TH‐immunoreactive cells in male and female hamsters and male meadow voles, but not rats. Castration greatly reduced the number of TH‐immunoreactive cells in the male prairie vole pBST and MeAPd, an effect that could be reversed with testosterone. Furthermore, treating ovariectomized females with testosterone substantially increased TH‐immunoreactive cells in both sites. Therefore, a species‐specific sex difference in TH expression is found in a chemosensory pathway in prairie voles. Expression of TH in these sites is influenced by circulating gonadal hormones in adults, which may be related to changes in their display of social behaviors across the reproductive cycle. J. Comp. Neurol. 500:103–115, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Visual system of calliphorid flies: Motion‐ and orientation‐sensitive visual interneurons supplying dorsal optic glomeruli
Authors: Okamura Jun‐Ya , Strausfeld Nicholas J. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractIntracellular recordings accompanied by dye fills were made from neurons associated with optic glomeruli in the lateral protocerebrum of the brain of the blowfly Phaenicia sericata. The present account describes the morphology of these cells and their electrophysiological responses to oriented bar motion. The most dorsal glomeruli are each supplied by retinotopic efferent neurons that have restricted dendritic fields in the lobula and lobula plate of the optic lobes. Each of these lobula complex cells represents a morphologically identified type of neuron arranged as an ensemble that subtends the entire monocular visual field. Of the four recorded and filled efferent types, three were broadly tuned to the orientation of bar stimuli. At the level of optic glomeruli a relay neuron extending centrally from optic foci and a local interneuron that arborizes among glomeruli showed narrow tuning to oriented bar motion. The present results are discussed with respect to the behavioral significance of oriented motion discrimination by flies and other insects, and with respect to neuroanatomical data demonstrating the organization of deep visual neuropils. J. Comp. Neurol. 500:189–208, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of Gdnf haploinsufficiency on rate of migration and number of enteric neural crest‐derived cells
Authors: Flynn Brianna , Bergner Annette J. , Turner Kirsty N. , Young Heather M. , Anderson Richard B. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe enteric nervous system arises predominantly from vagal level neural crest cells that migrate into the foregut and then colonize the entire length of the gastrointestinal tract. Previous studies have demonstrated that glial cell line‐derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) promotes the migration of enteric neural crest‐derived cells (ENCs) in vitro, but a role for GDNF in the migration of ENCs in vivo has yet to be demonstrated. In this study, the effects of Gdnf haploinsufficiency on ENC rate of migration and number during mid embryonic development were examined. Although the entire gut of embryonic Gdnf+/− mice was colonized, a significant delay in the migration of ENCs along the embryonic hindgut was found. However, significant effects of Gdnf haploinsufficiency on ENC number were detected before the stage at which migration defects were first evident. As previous studies have shown a relationship between ENC number and migration, the effects of Gdnf haploinsufficiency on migration may be due to an indirect effect on cell number and/or a direct effect of GDNF on ENC migration. Gdnf haploinsufficiency did not cause any detectable change in the rate of neuronal differentiation of ENCs. Developmental Dynamics 236:134–141, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Basolateral junctions are sufficient to suppress epithelial invasion during Drosophila oogenesis
Authors: Szafranski Przemyslaw , Goode Scott 
Published: November 2006

AbstractEpithelial junctions play crucial roles during metazoan evolution and development by facilitating tissue formation, maintenance, and function. Little is known about the role of distinct types of junctions in controlling epithelial transformations leading to invasion of neighboring tissues. Discovering the key junction complexes that control these processes and how they function may also provide mechanistic insight into carcinoma cell invasion. Here, using the Drosophila ovary as a model, we show that four proteins of the basolateral junction (BLJ), Fasciclin‐2, Neuroglian, Discs‐large, and Lethal‐giant‐larvae, but not proteins of other epithelial junctions, directly suppress epithelial tumorigenesis and invasion. Remarkably, the expression pattern of Fasciclin‐2 predicts which cells will invade. We compared the apicobasal polarity of BLJ tumor cells to border cells (BCs), an epithelium‐derived cluster that normally migrates during mid‐oogenesis. Both tumor cells and BCs differentiate a lateralized membrane pattern that is necessary but not sufficient for invasion. Independent of lateralization, derepression of motility pathways is also necessary, as indicated by a strong linear correlation between faster BC migration and an increased incidence of tumor invasion. However, without membrane lateralization, derepression of motility pathways is also not sufficient for invasion. Our results demonstrate that spatiotemporal patterns of basolateral junction activity directly suppress epithelial invasion by organizing the cooperative activity of distinct polarity and motility pathways. Developmental Dynamics 236:364–373, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Postoperative chemoradiotherapy for advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck: A systematic review with meta‐analysis
Authors: Winquist Eric , Oliver Tom , Gilbert Ralph 
Published: November 2006

AbstractBackground.This systematic review evaluates the use of postoperative chemoradiotherapy for patients with advanced (stage III or IV) squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck at a high risk of recurrence.Methods.The literature was systematically searched for eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs).Results.Of 4 RCTs identified, 3 reported improvements in locoregional control, 3 reported improved disease‐free or progression‐free survival, and 3 reported improved overall survival with chemoradiotherapy compared with radiotherapy alone. Pooling trials confirmed the benefit for chemoradiotherapy in locoregional recurrence (relative risk [RR] = 0.59; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.47–0.75; p < .00001) and overall survival (RR = 0.80; 95% CI = 0.71–0.90; p = .0002). More frequent and severe acute mucosal toxicity was reported with combined treatment.Conclusions.Postoperative adjuvant chemoradiotherapy is superior to radiotherapy alone. Because chemoradiotherapy is associated with significantly increased toxicity, further investigations to identify patients most likely to benefit or toxicity reduction strategies are warranted. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 2007
Elective neck dissection in early‐stage oral squamous cell carcinoma—does it influence recurrence and survival?
Authors: Capote Ana , Escorial Veronica , Muñoz‐Guerra Mario F. , Rodríguez‐Campo Francisco J. , Gamallo Carlos , Naval Luis 
Published: November 2006

AbstractBackground.This study investigates the influence on survival and regional control rates of neck dissection therapy at the time of surgery of the primary tumor in early stages of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the oral cavity.Methods.A series of 154 patients with pT1N0M0 and pT2N0M0 intraoral carcinomas was analyzed retrospectively. Neck dissection was associated with tumor ablation in 87 patients (56.5%), although 67 patients (43.5%) were treated with local resection exclusively. Survival and relapse rates were studied with the Kaplan–Meier curves and the log‐rank test for univariate analysis and Cox proportional model for multivariate analysis (p < .05).Results.Regional recurrences occurred in 25 cases (16.2%), 7 cases (8%) with primary neck dissection and 18 cases (26.8%) with local excision alone. Neck dissection therapy was a significant prognostic factor for recurrences and survival (p < .05). The 5‐year regional control rate was of 92.5% for patients with elective lymph node ablation versus 71.2% for patients without primary neck dissection. Neck dissection was also significant for recurrences in stage I and for survival and recurrences in stage II. Neck dissection therapy also showed independent prognostic value in the Cox analysis.Conclusions.In patients with intraoral carcinomas, elective neck treatment should be considered even in cases with a small primary tumor and negative clinical examination because of the high incidence of occult nodal metastases and the tendency to regional recurrences. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 2007
Towards design of the smallest planar tetracoordinate carbon and boron systems
Authors: Sateesh B. , Srinivas Reddy A. , Narahari Sastry G. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractA series of cyclic hydrocarbons analogs where a carbon displays unusual planar tetracoordinate structure is proposed, employing hybrid density functional theory calculations using B3LYP functional and 6‐311+G** basis set. Various strategies were employed to design the neutral planar tetracoordinate hydrocarbon analogs. The same strategy is employed for designing the planar tetracoordinate boron systems. The simplest neutral planar tetracoordinate hydrocarbons were proposed and the effect of substitution on their stability has been assessed. The aromatic stabilization is gauged with nucleus independent chemical shift calculations. The activation barriers for the ring opening reaction, the highest occupied molecular orbital and lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals gap and singlet‐triplet energy difference were estimated to gauge the plausibility experimental realization. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2007