bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pink zoisite from the Aar Massif, Switzerland
Authors: Abrecht J. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractVeins in the Central Aar granite consisting of zoisite, plagioclase, albite, alkali feldspar, muscovite, tremolite, quartz, and calcite are described. The zoisite is a thulite with up to 0.20 wt% MnO. It is argued that the zoisite is derived from granite plagioclases and has recrystallized in veins during alpine greenschist metamorphism. By later increasing XCO2 or decreasing temperature zoisite decomposed to calcite, plagioclase, and muscovite.Thulites from different localities were investigated by X-ray and by electron microprobe analysis. Both orthorhombic and monoclinic members of the epidote group having low MnO contents have been described as thulites. It is suggested that low MnO values in the range 0.05 to 0.9 wt% cause the pink colour of thulites, regardless of symmetry.
Silver sulphosalts from the Meerschaum Mine, Mt. Wills, Victoria, Australia
Authors: Birch W. D. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractA rich vein of silver and silver-lead sulphosalt minerals was discovered in 1906 in the Meerschaum Mine, on the Sunnyside goldfield at Mt. Wills, in northeastern Victoria. Andorite, miargyrite, tetrahedrite (freibergite), owyheeite, and argentian gold are the main silver-bearing minerals present, and sphalerite, pyrite, arsenopyrite, and covelline also occur in the vein.The vein was probably emplaced under epithermal conditions from ore fluids accompanying the intrusion of the Mt. Wills granite. The main silver-bearing minerals were probably deposited at temperatures ranging from about 350 ° to below 300 °C.
Cr-rich spinel and garnet in two peridotite xenoliths from the Frank Smith mine South Africa: Significance of Al and Cr distribution between spinel and garnet
Authors: Exley R. A. , Smith J. V. , Hervig R. L. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractPeridotite xenoliths 73–106 and 73–109 have coarse textures. All minerals in 73–106 are very Ti-rich, and include olivine (Fo 87.6), orthopyroxene (En 90.0), garnet (core TiO2 0.8, Cr2O3 7; rim 1.4, 4 wt. %), spinel (TiO2 5, Cr2O3 38), clinopyroxene (A12O3 1–8) secondary mica (TiO2 6, Cr2O3 2.5 near garnet 0.5 away from garnet), and serpentine (FeO 5–12) enclosing perovskite-rimmed ilmenite and minute apatites. All minerals in peridotite 73–109 are Ti-poor, and include olivine (Fo 92.6), orthopyroxene (En 93.6), garnet (Cr2O3 3.1–3.8), spinel (55), ureyitic diopside, primary mica (TiO2 0.06, Cr2O3 1.0, BaO 0.5, Cl 0.04), and serpentine (FeO 2–23). Various thermometers indicate ∼ 1350K (73–106) and 1100K (73–109). The low Al2O3 in the orthopyroxenes gives 39–47 kb for 73–109 from the Wood-Banno barometer. In 73–106, the spinel lies in secondary mica next to the garnet rim, whereas the spinel of 73–109 occurs in grains enclosed by garnet. The former assemblage indicates diffusion-dependent disequilibrium, whereas the latter is attributed to simultaneous growth of spinel and garnet, perhaps consequent upon exsolution from orthopyroxene. Complex behaviour was found for the Cr/Al distribution in published analyses of garnet and spinel. The 73–109 pair lies near the Thaba Putsoa trend, and the 73–106 assemblages are displaced towards the kelyphite region in which garnet and spinel have similar Cr/Al. Spinel and garnet may coexist over a 30 kb pressure interval ranging from ∼ 16 kb for low bulk Cr to ∼ 40 kb for high Cr.
Exsolution in titanomagnetites as an indicator of cooling rates
Authors: Price Geoffrey D. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe scale and nature of the exsolution textures developed in some titanomagnetites have been used to calculate the rate at which the oxides were cooling at the time of exsolution. The cooling rates were calculated by evaluating a kinetic model, which describes the growth of an ulvöspinel-rich lamella in titanomagnetite during exsolution. The model was evaluated both by numerical techniques and by an approximate analytical method.The cooling rates during titanomagnetite exsolution of the Taberg, Skaergaard and part of the Mt. Yamaska intrusions were calculated to be approximately 130, 12 and 6000°C per 1000 years respectively. These values are in good agreement with cooling rates calculated from heat flow models of the intrusions.
Uranium and selected trace elements in granites from the Caledonides of East Greenland
Authors: Steenfelt Agnete 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe Caledonian fold belt of East Greenland contains calc-alkaline granite(sensu lato)intrusions with ages ranging fromc.2000 Ma toc.350 Ma. The Proterozoic granites have low U contents and the pre-Devonian Caledonian granites contents of U corresponding to the clarke value for U in granites. Some aspects of the geochemistry of U are discussed using U-K/Rb, U-Sr, U-Zr, and U-Th diagrams. Secondary enrichment and mineralization occurs in fractured and hydrothermally altered granites and rhyolites situated in or near a major NNE fault zone. The U is associated with iron oxides or hydrocarbons. It is suggested that the source of the mineralization was Devonian acid magma, which also acted as a heat source for circulating hydrothermal fluids.
Cuzticite and eztlite, two new tellurium minerals from Moctezuma, Mexico
Authors: Williams S. A. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe new minerals were found together in oxidized ores at the Bambolla mine, Moctezuma, Sonora. Both occur with various iron oxides, emmonsite, schmitterite, and kuranakhite. Cuzticite, Fe2TeO6 · 3H2O, is yellowish, H = 3, G = 3.9, occurring as crusts with a scaly structure. No single crystals were found, but X-ray powder data indicate a hexagonal cell a = 5.045, c = 14.63 Å. Strongest lines are 3.256 (10), 2.518 (7), 4.871 (4), 2.239 (3), and 1.564 (3).Eztlite, Fe6Pb2(TeO3)3TeO6(OH)10 · nH2O, is blood red, as paper-thin sparkling crusts, H = 3, G = 4.5. A possible cell found by the Ito method is monoclinic a = 6.58, b = 9.68, c = 20.52Å, β = 90° 15′; strongest lines are 3.426 (10), 3.289 (10), 4.037 (9), 3.239 (9), and 2.445 (7B).Both minerals and their names have been approved by the Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names, IMA.
Al-Cr substitution in peraluminous sapphirines from the Bjørnesund area, Fiskenaesset region, southern West Greenland
Authors: Friend C. R. L. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractCr-rich Mg-sapphirines, which are more aluminous in composition than R2+:R3+:Si of 7:9:3 and are therefore considered to be peraluminous, are shown to have an inverse linear relationship between octahedrally co-ordinated Cr and Al. This balanced substitution, which has not previously been described, may be used to explain the major chemical variations exhibited in the described minerals. Since the peraluminous Cr-rich sapphirines are idioblastic it is suggested that they are stable members of the assemblages within which they occur. Peraluminous sapphirine is usually considered to be metastable but in this instance it is possible that chromium may assist in stabilizing its development.
Peisleyite, a new sodium aluminium sulphate phosphate
Authors: Pilkington E. S. , Segnit E. R. , Watts J. A. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractA new sodium aluminium sulphate phosphate has been named peisleyite. It has the ideal formula Na3Al16(SO4)2(PO4)10(OH)17 · 20H2O. It occurs as fine-grained, compact, brittle, white material on dumps at Tom's Phosphate Quarry, near Kapunda, South Australia. Strongest X-ray diffraction lines are 12.63 Å (100) 010, 7.82(35) 11, 5.41(35) 004, 7.59(30) 111. Unit cell parameters are a 13.31 ± 0.006, b 12.62 ± 0.006, c 23.15 ± 0.01 Å, β 110.0°±0.03°, Z = 2.
Mineralogy and petrology of the Highland Border Suite serpentinites
Authors: Ikin N. P. , Harmon R. S. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractPrior to serpentinization, the ultramafic rocks of the ophiolitic Highland Border Suite were depleted harzburgites, dunites, and orthopyroxenites. They may have been the residual mantle after melting of primary lherzolite that produced the basaltic rocks of the Suite. Serpentinization of these peridotites occurred at low temperatures (75±50°C) and produced pseudomorphic-textured lizardite serpentinites in which the minor-element compositions of the primary phases were preserved in the lizardite grains. Olivine was almost completely serpentinized before orthopyroxene was hydrated. Concomitant peripheral alteration of chromespinels, during serpentinization of orthopyroxene, caused release of Cr and Al cations which were incorporated into the lizardite. Under greenschist-facies conditions (c. 350°C at 3–4 kbar), the lizardite serpentinites were subsequently metamorphosed and recrystallized to nonpseudomorphic-textured antigorite serpentinites. Postmetamorphic processes included high-level brittle deformation that resulted in fracturing and cross-fibre chrysotile vein-formation, and ductile shearing (T ∼ 200 °C, P < 2 kbar) which produced talc-chrysotile shear zones.
New IR and XRD data for leadhillite of ideal composition
Authors: Russell J. D. , Milodowski A. E. , Fraser A. R. , Clark D. R. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe infra-red spectrum and X-ray powder pattern of a chemically analysed specimen of leadhillite, a lead carbonate sulphate hydroxide mineral from Leadhills, Scotland, are shown to be different from those in the literature. The IR spectra of several specimens suggest that mutual replacement of SO4, CO3, and OH may occur in this mineral, and it is thought that this might be responsible for the observed variation in X-ray spacings.
Some aspects of the silver mineralization in the Hällefors region (Bergslagen, Sweden)
Authors: Jasinski A. W. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractSulphide and sulphosalt mineralization in the Hällefors silver mining district occurs as stratabound bodies in skarn-like black carbonates and other carbonates in the eastern part of the district, and as epigenetic, tectonically controlled vein mineralization in tuffaceous metavolcanics and, to a lesser extent in slates, in the western part.Previous work has suggested that the Ag-bearing Hällefors deposits were formed by the action of metamorphic solutions on sediments of volcano-sedimentary origin. At the stages of sulphosalt and sulphide formation, temperature and pressure conditions were probably in the ranges 500–440 K and 4.5–3.5 kbar. Examination of a logaS2-1/Tdiagram and of Ag-Sb phase relations combined with study of the ores suggest the paragenesis of the Ag-bearing minerals is as follows: allargentum and dyscrasite as exsolution bodies in silver bearing galena; Ag-containing tetrahedrite → freibergite → miargyrite → pyrargyrite → stephanite (from hydrothermal solutions).
Ganophyllite from Franklin, New Jersey; Pajsberg, Sweden; and Wales new chemical data
Authors: Dunn Pete J. , Peacor Donald R. , Nelen Joseph E. , Ramik Robert A. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractGanophyllite from Franklin, New Jersey, Pajsberg, Sweden, and the Benallt Mine, Wales, has been chemically reinvestigated. Twelve new analyses confirm the general structure of Kato (1980) and yield the tentative formula (K,Na,Ca)2Mn8(Si,Al)12(O,OH)32(OH)4·8H2O. There is little solid solution among octahedral cations, and the Si:Al ratio is nearly constant at 10:2. Ca and (Na + K) are apparently differentiated, but all examined ganophyllites are K-rich. Much of the water content is loosely bound and the upper limit of water content is not well defined. Ganophyllite is relatively invariant in chemical composition from locality to locality.
Fully oxidized chromite in the Serra Alta (South Portugal) quartzites: chemical and structural characterization and geological implications
Authors: Figueiras Jorge , Waerenborgh Joāo C. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractSeveral quartzite bodies outcrop along the Ferreira-Ficalho Thrust Fault (South Portugal), a major accident of the Iberian Variscan Orogen. The sediment is a very pure quartz sandstone, with trace amounts of ultra-resistant heavy minerals and chromite. Chemical characterization (microprobe analyses and Mössbauer spectroscopy) showed the chromite to be unique: besides being Zn-rich, complexly zoned and a cation deficient spinel, all the iron was found to be fully oxidized to Fe3+. Structure refinement of single-crystal X-ray diffraction intensities unambiguously identifies the mineral as a chromite and the Mössbauer data are consistent with tetrahedrally coordinated Fe3+ in the spinel structure. Current geodynamical models see the Ferreira-Ficalho Thrust Fault as a first-order suture resulting from a complex collision of two distinct continental blocks with partial obduction of the intervening oceanic crust. The chromite grains could be envisaged as remnants of an early erosion of this obducted oceanic crust, but its unique chemical character does not allow any definite conclusion. Yet, the complete quartzite heavy mineral contents and its petrographic features are not consistent with their deposition within a continental collision situation.
Vaccine-delivered HIV envelope inhibits CD4+ T-cell activation, a mechanism for poor HIV vaccine responses
Authors: Fernando Kathy , Hu Haitao , Ni Houping , Hoxie James A. , Weissman Drew 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) causes impairment of the immune system in part by targeting CD4+ T cells for infection and dysfunction. HIV envelope (Env) present on free virions and infected cells causes dysfunction of uninfected bystander CD4+ T cells via interaction with both CD4 and coreceptors. Env is commonly used as part of a cocktail of HIV antigens in current vaccines. In DNA and viral vector vaccine approaches, antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and non-APCs in the vicinity of the vaccine delivery site and draining lymph node express vaccine-derived antigens. The studies here demonstrate that cell-surface expression of Env on APCs and non-APCs as part of the vaccine action causes an inhibition of antigen-induced CD4+ T-cell activation and proliferation mediated by CD4 binding and suggests a potential mechanism for reduced activity of Env-containing HIV vaccines. Similar studies using a functional Env lacking CD4 binding circumvented suppression, suggesting an alternative and potentially superior approach to HIV vaccine design.
Tissue-type plasminogen activator–mediated shedding of astrocytic low-density lipoprotein receptor–related protein increases the permeability of the neurovascular unit
Authors: Polavarapu Rohini , Gongora Maria Carolina , Yi Hong , Ranganthan Sripriya , Lawrence Daniel A. , Strickland Dudley , Yepes Manuel 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe low-density lipoprotein receptor–related protein (LRP) is a member of the LDL receptor gene family that binds several ligands, including tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA). tPA is found in blood, where its primary function is as a thrombolytic enzyme, and in the central nervous system where it mediates events associated with cell death. Cerebral ischemia induces changes in the neurovascular unit (NVU) that result in brain edema. We investigated whether the interaction between tPA and LRP plays a role in the regulation of the permeability of the NVU during cerebral ischemia. We found that the ischemic insult induces shedding of LRP's ectodomain from perivascular astrocytes into the basement membrane. This event associates with the detachment of astrocytic end-feet processes and the formation of areas of perivascular edema. The shedding of LRP's ectodomain is significantly decreased in tPA deficient (tPA−/−) mice, is increased by incubation with tPA, and is inhibited by the receptor-associated protein (RAP). Furthermore, treatment with either RAP or anti-LRP IgG results in a faster recovery of motor activity and protection of the integrity of the NVU following middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Together, these results implicate tPA/LRP interactions as key regulators of the integrity of the NVU.
Compensatory relationship between splice sites and exonic splicing signals depending on the length of vertebrate introns
Authors: Dewey Colin N , Rogozin Igor B , Koonin Eugene V 
Published: December 2006

Abstract

Background
The signals that determine the specificity and efficiency of splicing are multiple and complex, and are not fully understood. Among other factors, the relative contributions of different mechanisms appear to depend on intron size inasmuch as long introns might hinder the activity of the spliceosome through interference with the proper positioning of the intron-exon junctions. Indeed, it has been shown that the information content of splice sites positively correlates with intron length in the nematode, Drosophila, and fungi. We explored the connections between the length of vertebrate introns, the strength of splice sites, exonic splicing signals, and evolution of flanking exons.

Results
A compensatory relationship is shown to exist between different types of signals, namely, the splice sites and the exonic splicing enhancers (ESEs). In the range of relatively short introns (approximately, < 1.5 kilobases in length), the enhancement of the splicing signals for longer introns was manifest in the increased concentration of ESEs. In contrast, for longer introns, this effect was not detectable, and instead, an increase in the strength of the donor and acceptor splice sites was observed. Conceivably, accumulation of A-rich ESE motifs beyond a certain limit is incompatible with functional constraints operating at the level of protein sequence evolution, which leads to compensation in the form of evolution of the splice sites themselves toward greater strength. In addition, however, a correlation between sequence conservation in the exon ends and intron length, particularly, in synonymous positions, was observed throughout the entire length range of introns. Thus, splicing signals other than the currently defined ESEs, i.e., potential new classes of ESEs, might exist in exon sequences, particularly, those that flank long introns.

Conclusion
Several weak but statistically significant correlations were observed between vertebrate intron length, splice site strength, and potential exonic splicing signals. Taken together, these findings attest to a compensatory relationship between splice sites and exonic splicing signals, depending on intron length.
Transferrin and Apolipoprotein C-III Isofocusing Are Complementary in the Diagnosis of N- and O-Glycan Biosynthesis Defects
Authors: Wopereis Suzan , Grünewald Stephanie , Huijben Karin MLC , Morava Éva , Mollicone Rosella , van Engelen Baziel GM , Lefeber Dirk J , Wevers Ron A 
Published: December 2006

Abstract
Background: Apolipoprotein C-III (apoC-III) isoelectric focusing (IEF) can be used to detect abnormalities in the biosynthesis of core 1 mucin-type O-glycans.
Methods: We studied plasma samples from 55 patients with various primary defects in N- and/or O-glycosylation, 21 patients with secondary N-glycosylation defects, and 6 patients with possible glycosylation abnormalities. Furthermore, we analyzed 500 plasma samples that were sent to our laboratory for selective screening for inborn errors of metabolism.
Results: Plasma samples from patients with congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) types –IIe and –IIf showed a hypoglycosylated apoC-III isoform profile, as did plasma samples from 75% of the patients with an unspecified CDG type II. Hyposialylated O-glycan profiles were also seen in plasma from 2 patients with hemolytic-uremic syndrome. In the 500 plasma samples from the selective screening, 3 patients were identified with a possible isolated defect in the biosynthesis of core 1 mucin-type O-glycans.
Conclusions: To our knowledge this is the first study in which use of a plasma marker protein has identified patients in whom only O-glycan biosynthesis might be affected. The primary defect(s) remain as yet unknown. Plasma apoC-III IEF is complementary to transferrin isofocusing. In conjunction both tests identify biosynthesis defects in N-glycan and mucin-type core 1 O-glycan biosynthesis. The apoC-III IEF assay is likely to help metabolic laboratories to identify and unravel further subtypes of inborn errors of glycan biosynthesis.
Microsatellite Markers within —SEA Breakpoints for Prenatal Diagnosis of HbBarts Hydrops Fetalis
Authors: Ho Sherry Sze Yee , Chong Samuel S , Koay Evelyn SC , Chan Yiong Huak , Sukumar Ponnusamy , Chiu Lily-Lily , Wang Wen , Roy Ashim , Rauff Mary , Su Lin Lin , Biswas Arijit , Choolani Mahesh 
Published: December 2006

Abstract
Background: We sought to develop a rapid prenatal diagnostic test for simultaneous detection of HbBarts hydrops fetalis and exclusion of maternal contamination.
Methods: We developed a multiplex quantitative fluorescent PCR (QF-PCR) test that detects the presence/ absence of 2 microsatellite markers (16PTEL05/16PTEL06) located within breakpoints of the Southeast Asia (—SEA) deletion. HbBarts hydrops fetalis (—SEA/—SEA) is diagnosed by absence of both markers, and maternal contamination of fetal DNA is excluded by absence of noninherited maternal alleles. Fetal and parental DNA samples from 50 families were analyzed in a blinded clinical validation study, and QF-PCR results were compared with their respective molecular genotypes.
Results: The multiplex QF-PCR results included correct diagnoses of HbBarts hydrops fetalis in 11 of the fetuses tested, correct verification as unaffected in 20 fetuses, and correct identification as either carriers (αα/—SEA) or unaffected homozygotes in 18. Misidentification as unaffected occurred for 1 carrier. Sensitivity for diagnosis of HbBarts hydrops fetalis was 100% [lower 95% confidence interval, 76.2%], and specificity was 100% (lower 95% confidence interval, 92.6%). None of the samples tested showed any traces of noninherited maternal alleles; thus false-positives because of maternal contamination were eliminated.
Conclusions: In this QF-PCR method, detection of maternally and paternally inherited fetal alleles allowed diagnosis of the double-deletion syndrome, and the ability to differentiate between these alleles allowed simultaneous exclusion of maternal contamination of the fetal genetic material. This novel strategy using cell-free fetal DNA in maternal plasma could form the basis for noninvasive testing for HbBarts hydrops fetalis.
Towards a typology of discontinuous past marking
Authors: Plungian Vladimir A. , van der Auwera Johan 
Published: December 2006

Abstract
The paper discusses verbal markers of the past tense with a meaning roughly charac-terizable as “past and not present” or “past with no present relevance”. This type of past time reference (labelled “discontinuous”) is opposed to standard past markers, which normally do not provide any information about the state of affairs in the present domain. Discontinuous past can be analyzed as a special cross-linguistically valid type of past tense marking. It occurs in a considerable amount of genetically unrelated languages of different areas (especially in Oceania and West Africa), though in cur-rent descriptions it may sometimes hide behind misleading terms or fall under the broad headings of “past” or “anterior”.