bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical characteristic, common sites, and geographical distribution of pediatric tuberculosis patients in Southwest China
Authors: Wang Dong-Mei , Wang Chuan , An Qi , Yang Qing , Liao Yi 
Published: March 2024

BackgroundThe data report of a large sample, dynamic epidemiology, and characteristic analysis of pediatric tuberculosis (TB) in Southwest China is not clear. Herein, we conducted descriptive dynamic epidemiology, characteristic analysis and geographical distribution study of pediatric TB inpatients in Southwest China for more than 20 years.MethodsPatients with pediatric TB were recruited from October 2002 to September 2022 in Southwest of China based on etiology or clinical confirmation. Extract hospitalization medical record information for each patient. The geographical distribution chart of cases is used to display the trend of case flow segmented every 5 years.ResultsAmong 3,024 pediatric TB patients with an average age of 9.11 ± 4.39, 17.49% (529) had pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB), 9.06% (274) had extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB), and 73.45% (2,221) had combined TB. The most common form of EPTB is disseminated TB (28.98%), followed by TB lymphadenitis (20.56%), pleural TB (19.72%), and TB meningitis (19.68%). Children aged 0–4 years had a high risk of TB meningitis and a severe symptoms, while children in the elderly age group had a high risk of pleural TB. In the past 20 years, hospitalized TB pediatric cases mainly came from Sichuan, Tibet, Qinghai, Yunnan and other places. The number of patients from ethnic minorities, especially Tibetans, showed an upward trend on a yearly basis (χ2 = 401.43, P &lt; 0.001).ConclusionsPublic health investment and effective management in pediatric TB should be further strengthened.
Examining the relationship between meeting 24-hour movement behaviour guidelines and mental health in Chinese preschool children
Authors: Yin Long , Li Fang , Liu Pan , Yin Zhiqiang , Yang Zongyu , Pi Linchun , Gao Zan 
Published: March 2024

BackgroundLimited research has explored the relationship between adhering to 24-h Movement Behaviour guidelines and mental health in Chinese preschool children. The objectives of this study encompassed two primary goals: (1) to investigate the adherence of preschool children in China to the 24-h Movement Behaviour guidelines; and (2) to analyze the relationship between fulfilling various combinations of these guidelines and mental health, identifying the most advantageous combination.MethodsUtilizing a convenience sampling approach, this study included 205 preschool children (117 boys and 88 girls, average age 4.8 ± 0.51 years) from five kindergartens in Hengyang, Hunan Province. The physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour of preschool children were objectively assessed using waist-worn accelerometers, while sleep duration and screen time were reported by the children's parents. To evaluate mental health, the parent version of the internationally validated Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) was employed, which measures externalizing problems, internalizing problems, and prosocial behaviour. Employing Mplus 8.0 for Structural Equation Modeling analysis, while controlling for demographic variables, the study explored the connection between preschool children's mental health and their adherence to the 24-h Movement Behaviour guidelines.ResultsWorryingly, merely 14.6% of preschoolers met the recommended guidelines for all three aspects (PA, sleep duration, and screen time). Positive correlations were identified between meeting PA guidelines and displaying prosocial behaviour (β = 0.184; p &lt; 0.05), while screen time adherence exhibited a negative correlation with externalizing problems (β = −0.207; p &lt; 0.05). Similarly, there was a negative association between sleep duration adherence and externalizing problems (β = −0.191; p &lt; 0.05). Meeting all three recommended guidelines was notably linked to enhanced prosocial behaviour (β = 0.464; p &lt; 0.05), while following the screen time and sleep duration guidelines was negatively associated with externalizing problems (β = −0.246; p &lt; 0.05).ConclusionThis study underscores the limited adherence of Chinese preschoolers to the comprehensive 24-h Movement Behaviour guidelines. Noteworthy findings include the positive influence of PA on prosocial behaviour, alongside the significant roles that sleep duration and screen time play in mitigating externalizing problems within this age group. Alignment with the 24-h Movement Behaviour guidelines is associated with more favorable mental health indicators in preschoolers.
Effect of inspiratory muscle training in children with asthma: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Xiang Yuping , Luo Tianhui , Chen Xinyang , Zhang Huanhuan , Zeng Ling 
Published: March 2024

BackgroundAsthma is a common chronic respiratory disease in children. Alongside pharmacological interventions, inspiratory muscle training (IMT) emerges as a complementary therapeutic approach for asthma management. However, the extent of its efficacy in pediatric populations remains uncertain when compared to its benefits in adults. This systematic review aims to evaluate the effectiveness of IMT with threshold loading in children with asthma.MethodsRandomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the efficacy of inspiratory muscle training in pediatric asthma patients were identified through June 2023 across various literature databases, including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAL), Web of Science, China Knowledge Resource Integrated Database (CNKI), Wei Pu Database, Wan Fang Database, and Chinese Biomedical Database (CBM). These trials compared inspiratory muscle training against sham inspiratory muscle training and conventional care. Eligible studies were assessed in terms of risk of bias and quality of evidence. Where feasible, data were pooled and subjected to meta-analysis, with results reported as mean differences (MDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsSix trials involving 333 patients were included in the analysis. IMT demonstrated significant improvements in maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP) (MD 25.36, 95% CI 2.47–48.26, P = 0.03), maximum expiratory pressure (MEP) (MD 14.72, 95% CI 4.21–25.24, P = 0.006), forced vital capacity in percent predicted values [FVC(% pred)] (MD 3.90, 95% CI 1.86–5.93, P = 0.0002), forced expiratory volume in the first second in percent predicted values [FEV1(% pred)] (MD 4.96, 95% CI 2.60–7.32, P &lt; 0.0001), ratio of forced expiratory volume in 1 s to forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC) (MD 4.94, 95% CI 2.66–7.21, P &lt; 0.0001), and asthma control test (ACT) (MD = 1.86, 95% CI: 0.96–2.75, P &lt; 0.0001).ConclusionsFindings from randomized controlled trials indicate that inspiratory muscle training enhances respiratory muscle strength and pulmonary function in pediatric asthma patients.Systematic Review Registrationwww.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42023449918, identifier: CRD42023449918.
Comparing fine motor performance among young children with autism spectrum disorder, intellectual disability, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and specific developmental disorder of motor function
Authors: Lin Ling-Yi , Hwang I-Ting , Hsu Chia-Fen , Yu Wen-Hao , Lai Pei-Chun , Chen Yi-Wen , Tu Yi-Fang 
Published: March 2024

ObjectiveThe acquisition of fine motor skills is considered to be a crucial developmental milestone throughout early childhood. This study aimed to investigate the fine motor performance of young children with different disability diagnoses.MethodsWe enrolled a sample of 1,897 young children under the age of 6 years who were at risk of developmental delays and were identified by a transdisciplinary team. A series of standardized developmental assessments included the Bayley Scales of Infant Development-Third Edition, Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence-Fourth Edition, Peabody Developmental Motor Scale-Second Edition, and Movement Assessment Battery for Children-Second Edition were used. Retrospective chart reviews were conducted on all children to identify specific developmental disorders. The number of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), intellectual disability (ID), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), comorbidity, motor dysfunction, and unspecified developmental delays (DD) were 363 (19.1%), 223 (11.8%), 234 (12.3%), 285 (15.0%), 128 (6.7%), and 590 (31.1%), respectively.ResultsYoung children with ID, comorbidity, and motor dysfunction demonstrated significant difficulty in performing manual dexterity and visual motor integration tasks and scored significantly lower in these areas than children with ASD, ADHD, and unspecified DD. In addition, fine motor performance was associated with cognitive ability in children with different disability diagnoses, indicating that young children showed better fine motor performance when they demonstrated better cognitive ability.ConclusionOur findings support that differences in fine motor performance differ by disability type. Close links between fine motor performance and cognitive ability in children under the age of 6 years were seen in all disability types.
The association between parents phubbing and prosocial behavior among Chinese preschool children: a moderated mediation model
Authors: Shi Dasheng , Xu Yongqi , Chu Lin 
Published: March 2024

IntroductionThe popularization and widespread use of smartphones and other electronic devices have led to the occurrence of “parents phubbing”, which may have a negative impact on child-parent relationship and preschoolers’ prosocial behavior.MethodsTo clarify this process, a questionnaire survey was conducted with 3,834 parents from 20 kindergartens in Zhuhai, China. This study examined the relationship between between parents phubbing, closeness child-parent relationship, authoritative parenting style and children’s prosocial behavior.ResultsAccording to the study, we found a significant negative correlation between parents phubbing and preschoolers’ prosocial behavior. Closeness child-parent relationship mediated between parents phubbing and preschoolers’ prosocial behavior through mediation effects analysis. In other words, parent phubbing was negatively associated with closeness child-parent relationship, which in turn predicted less child prosocial behavior. In addition, authoritative parenting styles have a moderating effect. As the level of authoritative parenting style increases, the negative impact of parent phubbing on the prosocial behavior of preschool children is attenuated.DiscussionThis study contributes to the understanding of the relationship between parents phubbing and prosocial behaviors of preschool children, as well as the internal mechanisms at work. Practically, the study suggests that parents should reduce the incidence of phubbing in their contact with their children and, at the same time, work to improve the child-parent relationship and promote the development of prosocial behaviors in children.
Effects of different psychosocial interventions on death anxiety in patients: a network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Lu Jinhong , Yang Youzhuan , Chen Haiyun , Ma Hongchao , Tan Yulei 
Published: March 2024

ObjectiveThis research intended to assess and compare influence of psychosocial interventions in death anxiety in patients, providing evidence-based guidance for both patients and healthcare providers.DesignThe present study exclusively gathered randomized controlled trials by comprehensively searching across multiple databases, comprising of PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Scopus. The methodological quality of the enrolled studies involved in the analysis was assessed using the Cochrane bias risk assessment tool, and data analysis was performed utilizing appropriate software.ResultsThis research, encompassing 15 randomized controlled trials with a cumulative sample size of 926 patients, spanned from the earliest possible date to December 2023. The findings of network meta-analysis unveiled that the Rational-Emotive Hospice Care Therapy significantly reduced death anxiety among patients (Sequentially Updated Cumulative Ranking Analysis: 100%).ConclusionThe ranking plot of the network suggested that the rational-emotive hospice care therapy exhibited superior efficacy as a psychological treatment for reducing the death anxiety of patients.Systematic review registration: [https://clinicaltrials.gov/], identifier: [CRD42023484767].
Reading comprehension improvement in autism
Authors: Beckerson Meagan , Paisley Courtney , Murdaugh Donna , Holm Haley , Lemelman Amy , Spencer Alyssa , O’Kelley Sarah , Kana Rajesh 
Published: March 2024

IntroductionA subset of autistic children excel at word decoding but have difficulty with reading comprehension (i.e., the discrepant poor comprehender reading profile). Prior research suggests the Visualizing and Verbalizing (V/V) for language comprehension and thinking intervention helps improve reading comprehension in autistic children with this reading profile. Previous studies have demonstrated the role of vocabulary, memory, and social functioning in reading comprehension; however, predictors and moderators of reading comprehension within this specific profile of autistic readers have not been thoroughly explored.MethodsIn this study, we examined the effectiveness of the V/V intervention by comparing reading comprehension scores between groups and across time. Participants included a sample of autistic children (AUT-EXP; n=22) and a waitlist control group of autistic children (AUT-WLC; n=17) with reading comprehension difficulties, as well as a sample of non-autistic children (Non-AUT; n=26) (all age 8-13 years). AUT-EXP and AUT-WLC groups completed a battery of cognitive assessments during pre and post tests. We also analyzed whether cognitive assessment scores predicted reading comprehension, and examined the moderating effects of group (AUT-EXP vs. AUT-WLC) on these relationships.ResultsThe AUT-EXP group significantly improved in their pre to post reading comprehension scores (t(21)=4.19, p&lt;.001, d=.89), whereas the AUT-WLC group did not. Verbal memory significantly predicted reading comprehension, though group did not moderate relationships between cognitive test performance and reading comprehension.DiscussionResults suggest that the V/V intervention may help improve reading comprehension for autistic children with the discrepant poor comprehender reading profile. Additionally, strategies for improving verbal memory may indirectly enhance reading comprehension in autistic children with this reading profile.
Brain function abnormalities and neuroinflammation in people living with HIV-associated anxiety disorders
Authors: Shan Yunzhu , Sun Guangqiang , Ji Jiahao , Li Zhen , Chen Xue , Zhang Xin , Ma Yundong , Zhang Yang , Zhang Tong , Zhang Yulin 
Published: March 2024

BackgroundPeople living with HIV (PLWH) exhibits an increased susceptibility to anxiety disorders, concomitant with heightened vulnerability to aberrant immune activation and inflammatory responses, and endocrine dysfunction. There exists a dearth of scholarly investigations pertaining to the neurological, immune, and endocrine dimensions of HIV-associated anxiety disorders.MethodThis study aimed to compare a group of 16 individuals diagnosed with HIV-associated anxiety disorders (HIV ANXs) according to the Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.), with a HIV individual control group (HIV control) of 49 PLWH without mental disorders. Muti-modal magnetic resonance was employed to assess the brain function and structure of both groups. Seed-based functional connectivity (FC) was used to assess the regional intrinsic brain activity and the influence of regional disturbances on FC with other brain regions. Peripheral blood cytokines and chemokines concentrations were measured using liquid chip and ELISA.ResultsAmplitude of low-frequency fluctuations in the right inferior temporal gyrus (ITG) was increased. There is a significant decreased regional homogeneity in HIV ANXs in the right superior occipital gyrus (SOG). The right ITG and the right SOG were separately set as the seed brain region of interest (ROI 1 and ROI 2) to be analyzed the FC. FC decreased in HIV ANXs between ROI1 and the right middle occipital gyrus, the right SOG, FC between ROI2 and left ITG increased in HIV ANXs. No significant structural difference was found between two groups. Pro-inflammatory chemokines showed higher levels in the HIV ANXs. Pro-inflammatory cytokines, neurotrophic factors, and endocrine factors were significantly correlated with alterations in brain function.ConclusionThis study suggests that patients with HIV-associated anxiety disorders may exhibit abnormalities in neurologic, immune, and endocrine functioning. Consequently, it is imperative to implement additional screening and intervention measures for anxiety disorders among PLWH.
Lower serum insulin-like growth factor 2 level in patients with bipolar disorder is associated with the severity of manic symptoms during manic episodes
Authors: Ye Shi-Yi , Zhao Ying , Liu Zhao-Bo , Luo Cui-Pin , Xiong Jian-Wen , Zhan Jin-Qiong , Li Yi-Heng , Wei Bo , Chen Chun-Nuan , Yang Yuan-Jian 
Published: March 2024

ObjectiveAccumulating evidence has indicated that neurodevelopmental defects may underlie the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder (BD). Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) are a family of neurotrophic factors that are essential for the survival and development of neurons. The present study aims to investigate whether IGF-2 signaling is implicated in the pathophysiological processes of BD.Method50 healthy controls and 78 patients with BD, including 23 patients who diagnosed acute depressive episode and 55 patients who diagnosed acute manic episode, were recruited in this study. The 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD-17) and the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) were used to assess the severity of the depressive and manic symptoms, respectively. The serum IGF-2 level was determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Mann-Whitney U tests were used for between-group comparisons and spearman analysis was used to analyze correlations.ResultsPatients with BD had lower serum IGF-2 levels (66.08 ± 21.22 ng/ml) when compared to healthy controls (88.72 ± 31.55 ng/ml). BD patients were divided into manic episode and depressive episode subgroups. We found that serum IGF-2 levels were reduced in both the mania and depression subgroups (mania: 67.19 ± 21.52 ng/ml, depression: 63.43 ± 20.67 ng/ml; P &lt; 0.001), while no significant difference was observed between two groups (P &gt; 0.05). Spearman correlation analyses revealed that the levels of serum IGF-2 were negatively correlated with the YMRS scores in BD patients (r = -0.522, P &lt; 0.001). Furthermore, IGF-2 was found to be an independent contributor to the severity of symptoms in patients with manic episodes (B = -0.610, t = -5.299, P &lt; 0.001).ConclusionLower serum IGF-2 levels were found in BD patients and correlated with the severity of the manic symptoms in these patients during manic episodes. These results suggest that reduced IGF-2 levels might be involved in the pathophysiology of BD, and serum IGF-2 could be a peripheral biomarker for the evaluation of the severity of manic symptoms in BD patients.
Experiences of clinicians and managers in the implementation of a family focused model in child and adult psychiatry
Authors: Linderborg Camilla , Grant Anne , Weimand Bente Margrethe , Falkov Adrian Farrel , Östman Margareta 
Published: March 2024

IntroductionThis paper describes the process of implementing a family focused model, The Family Model, in child and adolescent and adult mental health services in Sweden. Additionally, it describes a service development project carried out in both services within a defined geographical area of Region Stockholm. The Family Model is a communication tool designed to assist clinicians in both services to have family focused conversations with their patients and relatives. Internationally, the needs of individuals experiencing mental health challenges (parents, children and young people) and their close relatives are now well recognized, but barriers to family focused practice nevertheless persist. The aim of this study was to better understand clinicians` experiences in implementing The Family Model in both services.MethodsThree preplanned focus group interviews were carried out with 14 clinicians and managers across both services and the data were analyzed in accordance with methods of Naturalistic inquiry.ResultFindings suggest that The Family Model has utility in both services. The Naturalistic inquiry analyses revealed three main themes: individual, relational and organizational aspects with a total of 10 sub-themes of how the models influence the participants. Furthermore, analyses on a meta understanding level explored that participants underwent a developmental journey in learning about and using The Family Model in practice which was expressed through three themes: “Useful for burdened families”, “Influencing prevention”, and “To integrate this would be fantastic”.ConclusionsThe Family Model, when adapted for the Swedish context, is a useful tool for assisting experienced clinicians to engage in family focused practice in both child and adolescent and adult mental health services. The Family Model highlights different aspects in everyday clinical services that were of special interest for clinicians, families, and the system. Future research could explore families’ perspectives of the utility of the model.
Incidence of mental disorders in soldiers deployed to Afghanistan who have or have not experienced a life-threatening military incident—a quasi-experimental cohort study
Authors: Wesemann Ulrich , Renner Karl-Heinz , Rowlands Katie , Köhler Kai , Hüttermann Nils , Himmerich Hubertus 
Published: March 2024

IntroductionThere is very good international research on deployment-related mental disorders in military personnel. The incidence rates show a very wide range. A new strategy is therefore proposed in order to achieve better standardization and thus better comparability of the studies. In addition to a non-deployed comparison group, we propose to compare deployed soldiers with and without critical military incidents during the deployment. This additional distinction makes it possible to differentiate between the influencing variables of actual threat and general deployment stress.MethodsN = 358 male combat soldiers deployed to Afghanistan were included in the study. Clinical interviews were conducted several days before deployment and after deployment. Of them, n = 80 soldiers suffered a life-threatening military incident during deployment, whereas 278 soldiers did not. Odds ratios (OR) were calculated for the groups with and without critical military incidents and the new onset for PTSD, anxiety disorders and depressive disorders.ResultsWhen comparing both groups, we found significantly higher 1-year incidence rates in the group with critical military incidents: 6.4% vs. 1.1% (OR 6.2) for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD); 7.0% vs. 1.1% (OR 6.5) for depression; and 15.9% vs. 2.8% (OR 6.6) for anxiety disorders. The 1-year incidence rate of mental multimorbidity (PTSD with anxiety or depression) was 4.8% vs. 0.4% (OR 12.0).DiscussionThese results indicate that life-threatening military incidents during military deployment are important to mental health. As the different threat levels of the various missions are taken into account, additional predictors could be determined more precisely in further research.