bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection of circulating dna by counterimmunoelectrophoresis (cie)
Authors: Davis Gene L , Davis Iv John S 
Published: February 2007

AbstractUsing counterimmunoelectrophoresis, DNA may be detected at concentrations as low as 1.5 μ/ml in plasma and 0.2 μg/ml in serum. Serum, however, was not suitable for this study because DNA was sporadically released into serum during the clotting process. Counterimmunoelectrophoresis is at least ten times more sensitive than simple immunodiffusion in the detection of DNA. DNA was found in plasma in a variety of illnesses which are delineated in this study.
Comparison of therapeutic and immunosuppressive effects of azathioprine, prednisolone and combined therapy in nzp/nzw mice
Authors: Hahn Bevra H , Bagby Mary K , Hamilton Tom R , Osterland C Kirk 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSince NZB/NZW mice develop an immune nephritis similar to that of systemic lupus erythematosus in man, a study was designed in these mice to compare the clinical and immunologic effects of three immunosuppressive drug regimens. For 72 weeks, groups of 20 mice received daily oral therapy with a) no drugs, b) azathioprine, c) prednisolone or d) combined azathioprine‐prednisolone. The combined regimen was superior to either drug used alone in preventing deaths from renal disease. Prednisolone alone also prolonged life significantly, but not as effectively as combination therapy. Azathioprine alone was not effective. All drugs suppressed the antibody response to an exogenous antigen (Vi polysaccharide) equally well. None of the drug regimens prevented the appearance of proteinuria, antinuclear antibodies, Coombs' antibody, or γ‐globulin deposits in glomeruli. However, the ability of a therapeutic regimen to suppress antibodies to native DNA correlated well with its ability to suppress renal disease. No malignancies were found among 73 animals autopsied, but significant hepatic damage occurred in the groups receiving prednisolone. Thus, combined therapy was superior to either drug used alone, and the immunosuppressive effect of greatest clinical importance seemed to be the ability to prevent formation of anti‐DNA antibodies.
Hydralazine urinary metabolites in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Litwin Allen , Adams Louis E , Hess Evelyn V , Mcmanus Joseph , Zimmer Hans 
Published: February 2007

AbstractUrinary metabolites of hydralazine were studied using a paper chromatographic technic. The major urinary metabolite detected in both normal subjects and patients with systemic lupus erythematosus was 3‐methyltriazolo [3,4‐a] phthalazine. Differences were not detected between the two groups.
Report of the familial occurrence of systemic lupus erythematosus in male siblings
Authors: Spector David A , Jampol Lee M , Hayslett John P 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe occurrence of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is reported in 2 pairs of male siblings. Since the occurrence of idopathic SLE is uncommon in the male, these cases provide additional support to the hypothesis that genetic factors play an important role in pathogenesis. Of additional interest in these patients was the varied clinical manifestations of disease between brothers, suggesting that additional factors govern the clinical expression of this disorder.
A Controlled Trial of Gold Salt Therapy in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Mainland  , Sutcliffe M. I. , O'brien W. M. , Healey L. A. , Mikkeisen W. M. , Wallace S. L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSixty‐eight patients with definite or classic rheumatoid arthritis were enrolled in a double‐blind, controlled study of gold salt therapy. The initial phase compared weekly injections of gold thiomalate to placebo. One‐third of the gold group were withdrawn from the trial because of toxicity and one‐fourth of the controls because of no benefit. The gold‐treated patients showed slight, but definite, improvement in all parameters measured, although only the change in sedimentation rate was statistically significant. In Phase 2, designed to ascertain the effects of maintenance therapy, the gold group showed no increase in the number of involved joints, improved their grip strength and had a fall in erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Over the same period the placebo group deteriorated in all these parameters. The number of patients treated, however, was too small to allow definite conclusions.
Experimentally Induced Degenerative Joint Lesions Following Partial Meniscectomy in the Rabbit
Authors: Moskowitz Roland W. , Davis Wirt , Sammarco James , Martens Mark , Baker Jack , Mayor Michael , Burstein A. H. , Frankel V. H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractDegenerative lesions characterized by osteochondrophyte spur formation and cartilage degeneration were induced by partial meniscectomy in the rabbit knee. Cartilage degenerative lesions included ulceration, fissure and cyst formation, and diminished concentration of matrix proteinpolysaccharide. Proliferation of chondrocytes represented efforts at repair. Osteophytes increased in size with time. Changes resembled certain components of degenerative joint disease. The partial meniscectorny animal may be useful in studies of osteoarthritis pathogenesis, pathology and treatment.
Virologic Studies on Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Wilkes R. Michael , Simsarian James P. , Hopps Hope E. , Roth Henry , Decker John L. , Aptekar Robert G. , Meyer Harry M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA search for viral agents associated with rheumatoid arthritis was made using cell lines derived from 64 joint fluids and 41 tissue biopsies (including 29 synovia, 10 rheumatoid nodules, and 2 rheumatoid cartilage). Virus recovery was attempted using a variety of techniques including cell fusion. No viruses were isolated nor were significant patterns of antiviral antibodies found in sera from patients with arthritis. Using seven different viruses, including rubella and Newcastle disease virus, the viral susceptibility of cell lines derived from rheumatoid and nonrheumatoid patients was compared; there was no evidence of significant differences.
Electron Microscopic Studies of Lymphoid Cells in the Rheumatoid Synovial Membrane
Authors: Kobayashi Ikuo , Ziff Morris 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe sublining layer of the rheumatoid synovium has been examined in the electron microscope. In this layer lymphocytes appeared to leave the blood by passing through the endothelial cytoplasm of venules and veins to form dense perivascular accumulations rich in either lymphocytes, plasma cells or both. Undifferentiated blast cells and plasmablasts were also observed in these collections. The finding of predominantly lymphocytic accumulations around some vessels and predominantly plasma‐cellrich accumulations in a similar distribution around others suggested that most of the lymphocytes were plasma cell precursors or B lymphocytes.
Rapid, Simple Detection of Trace Amounts of Synovial Fluid
Authors: Goldenberg Don L. , Brandt Kenneth D. , Cohen Alan S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTwo rapid, simple methods for demonstrating trace amounts of synovial fluid are compared. Both a) mucin formation and b) metachromatic staining are capable of detecting as little as 0.5 μl of synovial fluid and, hence, will be useful whenever the ability to identify small amounts of synovial fluid with certainty is of clinical importance.
Experimental skin lesions in mice resembling systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Natali P. G. , Tan E. M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAn experimental model in mice was investigated to test the hypothesis that the immunohistochemical findings in skin lesions of human systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) might be due to circulating antibody reacting with nuclear antigens. Mice were immunized with ultraviolet (UV)‐irradiated DNA to produce high titers of circulating antibody to a DNA photoproduct, thymine dimer. These immunized mice were then whole‐body irradiated with UV, a procedure which caused thymine dimer formation in DNA of skin cells and subsequent release of thymine dimers extracellularly during spontaneous repair of the photochemically damaged DNA. In immunized irradiated mice, immunofluorescent studies showed fixation of mouse Ig and complement in the form of finely stippled and large lumpy deposits in the dermal—epidermal areas and in nuclei of epidermal cells. These findings were morphologically quite similar to those seen in human SLE skin lesions. These immunohistochemical lesions in mice were not observed in mice receiving only immunization or only irradiation. These and other data lend support to the immune complex theory of pathogenesis of SLE skin lesions.
Patterns of finger capillary abnormalities in connective tissue disease by “wide‐field” microscopy
Authors: Maricq Hildegard Rand , Carwile LeRoy E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe fingers of 75 patients with connective tissue disorders were examined by “wide‐field” capillary microscopy. Four diagnostic groups were included in this study: rheumatoid arthritis—28, scleroderma—22, dermatomyositis—8, and systemic lupus erythematosus—17.On the basis of different patterns of elementary microvascular abnormalities and their distribution, 3 distinct groups were recognized among these patients: 1) increased visibility of nailfold subpapillary plexus in rheumatoid arthritis, 2) massive capillary dilatation in scleroderma‐dermatomyositis, and 3) focal loss of capillaries and prominence of subpapillary vessels with “punched‐out” lesions in systemic lupus erythematosus.
Interactions of aspirin with nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs in man
Authors: Rubin Alan , Rodda Bruce E. , Warrick Patricia , Gruber Charles M. , Ridolfo Anthony S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractHealthy volunteers ingested fenoprofen and indomethacin, each alone or combined with aspirin. Concentrations in plasma of both fenoprofen and indomethacin were reduced significantly when administered with aspirin. Reduction of fenoprofen concentrations depended on the aspirin dosage and occurred whether fenoprofen was administered orally or intravenously. Fenoprofen did not affect plasma concentrations of salicylates. These results emphasize the need to assess carefully the effects of salicylates in comparative clinical trials of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents.
Prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis in alaskan eskimos
Authors: Palmer Beasley R. , Retailliau Henry , Healey L. A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA rheumatoid arthritis prevalence survey was conducted in eight Alaskan Eskimo villages during the summer of 1970. Eleven cases of definite rheumatoid arthritis were found among 1443 Eskimos over 14 years of age. The frequency of 1.0% among adult females and 0.5% among adult males is almost identical with the National Health Examination Survey prevalence estimate for the general United States.
Familial aggregation of polymyalgia rheumatica and giant cell arteritis
Authors: Liang George C. , Simkin Peter A. , Hunder Gene G. , Wilske Kenneth R. , Healey L. A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFour pairs of first‐degree relatives with polymyalgia rheumatica, giant cell arteritis, or both have been encountered among approximately 250 such patients. Two of these pairs were mother‐daughter combinations, the first such cases to be reported. Chance alone is unlikely to account for this association. The possible roles of environmental, genetic, and immunologic factors are considered.
Lymphocyte characteristics in rheumatic patients and the effect of azathioprine therapy
Authors: Yu David T. , Clements Philip J. , Peter James B. , Levy Joshua , Paulus Harold E. , Barnett Eugene V. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractT‐ and B‐lymphocytes were enumerated in 46 normal subjects, and in 30 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and 4 with psoriatic arthritis by the following cell markers: spontaneous sheep red blood cell rosettes (early and late), complement‐receptor and aggregated gamma globulin receptor lymphocytes. The results of these studies were compared to those from 6 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and 7 with psoriatic arthritis on varying doses of azathioprine. The proportions of T and B cells in all groups were essentially similar. Neither was there any change in the density gradient distribution and response to stimulation by phytohemagglutinin stimulation. Because azathioprine led to lymphopenia in these patients, it was concluded that immunosuppression was induced by decreasing the absolute numbers of normal T‐ and B‐cells rather than by a selective effect on either one. In contrast some patients with systemic lupus erythematosus on azathioprine had a lower proportion of T‐cells than normal. This was probably independent of the effect of azathioprine.
Copper‐catalyzed thermal aggregation of human gamma‐globulin inhibition by histidine, gold thiomalate, and penicillamine
Authors: Gerber Donald A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractGold thiomalate (40 μM), penicillamine (40 μM), and histidine (20 μM) inhibit the copper‐catalyzed (20 μM) thermal aggregation of human gamma globulin (0.8 mg/ml). At these concentrations, inhibition of gamma globulin aggregation was 87%, 96%, and 99% complete. This effect may be related to the reported suppressive effect of these agents in rheumatoid arthritis and adds support to the hypothesis that the hypohistidinemia of rheumatoid arthritis participates in the pathogenesis of the disease.
Anti‐DNA antibody in procainmide‐induced lupus erythematosus. Determination using DNA fractionated by methylated albumin‐kieselguhr chromatography
Authors: Winfield John B. , Davis John S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBoth putatively native(n) commercial calf thymus DNA and 14C labeled human KB DNA contained significant amounts of denatured DNA (dDNA) as determined by methylated albumin‐kieselguhr chromatography. The proportion of dDNA in these preparations was sufficient to cause confusion regarding the antigenic specificity of anti‐DNA antibody when unfractionated DNA was used in either the counterimmunoelectrophoresis or the Farr assays for anti‐DNA antibody. Serum from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus contained both anti‐nDNA and anti‐dDNA antibodies. About 50% of patients with symptomatic procainamide‐induced lupus (PLE) exhibited anti‐dDNA; none had anti‐nDNA. Procainamide treated patients with a positive ANF who did not have symptomatic PLE had neither anti‐dDNA nor anti‐nDNA.
Effect of single oral doses of benzbromarone on serum and urinary uric acid
Authors: Jain Adesh K. , Ryan Jerome R. , McMahon F. Gilbert , Noveck Robert J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe effects of various single oral doses of micronized benzbromarone on serum and urinary uric acid and urinary oxypurines were studied in 5 healthy volunteers and in 5 patients with gout. There was an effective, unequivocal, and dose‐related reduction in serum uric acid levels in both groups. The simultaneous increased excretion of urinary uric acid but not of oxypurines suggests the mechanism of effect is uricosuria. The prolonged duration of action up to 48 hours after dosing is advantageous as the drug need be taken only once a day. The data presented favor a protracted trial of benzbromarone in patients with gout and hyperuricemia.
Pharmacodynamics of 197Au and 195Au labeled aurothiomalate in blood. Correlation with course of rheumatoid arthritis, gold toxicity and gold excretion
Authors: Gottlieb Norman L. , Smith Patricia M. , Smith Edward M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe relationships between serum stable gold (197Au) concentration and serum and whole blood radioactive gold (195Au) disappearance curves to clinical course and gold excretion are analyzed in this prospective clinical‐metabolic study of 18 patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Patients received a standard course of Myochrysine (197Au aurothiomalate), were given 195Au labeled aurothiomalate to monitor current dose dynamics, and clinically evaluated at regular intervals. Stable and radiogold concentrations in blood were measured serially on an outpatient basis and during periods of hospitalization using neutron activation anallysis and standard radiometric techniques. Serum concentrations of both isotopes failed to correlate with clinical course and toxicity. Serum radiogold disappearance curves were similar in patients who received radioactive gold on two or more occasions, despite changes in clinical course. Whole blood radiogold disappearance curves however were significantly different in most and least improved patients. These findings, and others reported herein, suggest that a) the probable interstitial or intracellular mechanism(s) of action of gold on the inflammatory process are not dependent upon serum gold concentrations and b) they raise the possibility that whole blood radiogold disappearance curves would provide a means of selecting those patients who will derive maximum therapeutic benefit from chrysotherapy.
Compensated polarized light microscopy using cellophane adhesive tape
Authors: Fagan Terrence J. , Lidsky Martin D. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractCompensated polarized light microscopy is a useful diagnostic tool whose basis is poorly understood by the clinician. The elementary physics of compensated polarized light are reviewed. A simple method of converting the ordinary light microscope into a compensated polarized light microscope, using cellophane adhesive tape and polarizing sunglass, is described.
Relation of cellular infiltration of rheumatoid synovial membrane to its immune response
Authors: Ziff Morris 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn the rheumatoid synovial membrane, small lymphocytes leave the blood by migrating mainly through the endothelial cells of the postcapillary venule. Extravascularly they form perivascular collections composed predominantly of small lymphocytes. A large fraction of these cells undergoes transition to form perivascular collections that consist mainly of plasma cells, indicating that they were initially B‐lymphocytes. The small lymphocytes also migrate into the perivascular region where a mixture of cells is found—ie, small lymphocytes, undifferentiated blast cells, plasmablasts, plasma cells, and macrophages all in significant numbers. The presence of these cell types in close contact suggests the interaction of T‐ and B‐lymphocytes with liberation of lymphokines, which attract and immobilize macrophages and stimulate B‐lymphocytes to antibody synthesis. The findings presented suggest that both cellular and humoral immune responses occur in the rheumatoid synovium.
Selective depletion of Ig‐bearing lymphocytes by cyclophosphamide in rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosu guidelines for dosage
Authors: Horwitz David A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractCyclophosphamide was given to 11 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in doses regulated by monitoring effects on small lymphocytes. Total leukocyte counts, the numbers of immunoglobulin‐positive and Ig‐negative small lymphocytes by immunofluorescence and the proliferative response of lymphocytes to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) were measured. The number of both Ig‐positive and Ig‐negative small lymphocytes decreased following cyclophosphamide. When dosage was reduced to maintenance levels, the Ig‐positive cells remained less than 75% of baseline values, whereas the Ig‐negative lymphocytes returned toward the baseline. During this time PHA values were normal or increased. On maintenance therapy, objective evidence of improvement was observed in 10 patients. These studies suggested a selective depletion of B‐lymphocytes by cyclophosphamide and that a reduction of other leukocytes is not necessary for a favorable clinical response. Adverse side effects were rare. Direct quantitation of B‐lymphocytes may be helpful in regulating clinically effective individual doses of cyclophosphamide in a manner that is relatively safe.
Chromosome abnormalities from cyclophosphamide therapy in rheumatoid arthritis and progressive systemic sclerosis (scleroderma)
Authors: Tolchin Sanford F. , Winkelstein Alan , Rodnan Gerald P. , Pan Sylvia F. , Nankin Howard R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn patients with rheumatoid arthritis and scleroderma, the frequency of major chromosome abnormalities was appreciably increased by prolonged therapy with cyclophosphamide. Metaphases from 8 patients with rheumatoid arthritis, receiving this cytotoxic drug (0.5–2.0 mg/kg/day), showed a significantly greater frequency in hypodiploidy and chromosome type breaks than a comparable control series. In addition, 5 patients with scleroderma were studied before and after the administration of cyclophosphamide and a significant increase in the number of cytogenetic aberrations was observed during therapy.
Malignancy in a series of 70 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Canoso Juan J. , Cohen Alan S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractEight of 70 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) followed for a median interval of 6 years and 8 months, developed malignancies. These included a case of reticulum‐cell sarcoma, multiple myeloma, Bowen's carcinoma of the skin and five carcinomas of the cervix. Six of the patients had been treated with corticosteroids, in 2 cases in association with azathioprine. An increased incidence of malignancy may be present in SLE and this possibility should be explored further.
Technetium counting in rheumatoid arthritis evaluation in the small joints of the hand
Authors: Sturrock R. D. , Nicholson Rosemary , Wojtulewski J. A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAn apparatus is described for external directional technetium counting of the proximal interphalangeal joints of the hand. In 11 normal and 14 rheumatoid subjects a significantly higher count rate was reached in the rheumatoid group (t = 3.79 P < 0.005). There was a good correlation between the rate of uptake and total count rate of technetium over an inflamed joint and this was taken to demonstrate the importance of the effect of vascularity on technetium kinetics. Clinical improvement following gold and penicillamine therapy was reflected in a fall in count rates which closely paralleled a reduction in ring sizes.
The role of xanthine oxidase in hyperuricemic states
Authors: Marcolongo Roberto , Marinello Enrico , Pompucci Giuseppe , Pagani Roberto 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe behavior of xanthine oxidase in the jejunal mucosa of patients with gout and in the liver of normal subjects during secondary drug‐induced hyperuricemia was studied. Xanthine oxidase activity was not increased significantly in the jejunal mucosa of patients with gout, whereas an RNA, hypoxanthine, EA‐TDA, or fructose load in normal subjects caused liver xanthine oxidase levels to rise to values that were two‐ to fourfold higher than those for the control group. The results indicated that previously reported increases in liver xanthine oxidase levels in patients with gout, who were overexcretors, were neither primary nor genetically determined but were related to increased production of the enzyme.
Incidence of myocardial infarction in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Davis Richard F. , Engleman Edgar G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAt autopsy, 62 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) showed significantly lower morbidity (P < 0.001) and mortality (P < 0.02) from myocardial infarction than 62 matched control patients, but there were no significant differences in frequency of cerebral infarction or pulmonary embolism. Coronary artery atherosclerosis occurred as frequently in the patients with RA as in the control population, suggesting that there may be a decreased tendency toward thrombosis in the rheumatoid group. Therapy with aspirin and the consequent inhibition of platelet aggregation may explain this observation.