bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of brief yoga exercises and motivational preparatory interventions in distance runners: results of a controlled trial
Authors: Donohue B , Miller A , Beisecker M , Houser D , Valdez R , Tiller S , Taymar T 
Published: December 2005

Objective:To examine the efficacy of two preparatory interventions on one mile run performance in 90 high school long distance runners.Method:After participants had completed a one mile baseline run, they were randomly assigned to participate in either one of two interventions (brief yoga exercises, motivational shouting exercises) or a no intervention control condition. Experimental conditions were implemented one week after the baseline run about 20 minutes before a second one mile trial.Results:Participants assigned to the motivational intervention improved their running performance significantly more than those assigned to the other two conditions. Although the magnitude of the effect was small, participants assigned to yoga exercises showed significant improvements in running performance relative to control condition participants. Consumer satisfaction ratings indicated that participants who were assigned to the motivational and yoga exercise groups liked their interventions more than those assigned to the control group.Conclusion:Motivational and yoga interventions designed to improve long distance running performance were equally acceptable to the participants, but the former had a greater effect.
No cumulative effects for one or two previous concussions: Table 1
Authors: Iverson G L , Brooks B L , Lovell M R , Collins M W 
Published: December 2005

Background:Sports medicine clinicians and the general public are interested in the possible cumulative effects of concussion.Objective:To examine whether athletes with a history of one or two previous concussions differed in their preseason neuropsychological test performances or symptom reporting.Method:Participants were 867 male high school and university amateur athletes who completed preseason testing with ImPACT version 2.0. They were sorted into three groups on the basis of number of previous concussions. There were 664 athletes with no previous concussions, 149 with one previous concussion, and 54 with two previous concussions. Multivariate analysis of variance was conducted using the verbal memory, visual memory, reaction time, processing speed, and postconcussion symptom composite scores as dependent variables and group membership as the independent variable.Results:There was no significant multivariate effect, nor were there any significant main effects for individual scores. There was no measurable effect of one or two previous concussions on athletes’ preseason neuropsychological test performance or symptom reporting.Conclusion:If there is a cumulative effect of one or two previous concussions, it is very small and undetectable using this methodology.
A randomised, placebo controlled trial of low level laser therapy for activated Achilles tendinitis with microdialysis measurement of peritendinous prostaglandin E2concentrations
Authors: Bjordal J M , Lopes-Martins R A B , Iversen V V 
Published: December 2005

Background:Low level laser therapy (LLLT) has gained increasing popularity in the management of tendinopathy and arthritis. Results from in vitro and in vivo studies have suggested that inflammatory modulation is one of several possible biological mechanisms of LLLT action.Objective:To investigate in situ if LLLT has an anti-inflammatory effect on activated tendinitis of the human Achilles tendon.Subjects:Seven patients with bilateral Achilles tendinitis (14 tendons) who had aggravated symptoms produced by pain inducing activity immediately before the study.Method:Infrared (904 nm wavelength) LLLT (5.4 J per point, power density 20 mW/cm2) and placebo LLLT (0 J) were administered to both Achilles tendons in random blinded order.Results:Ultrasonography Doppler measurements at baseline showed minor inflammation through increased intratendinous blood flow in all 14 tendons and measurable resistive index in eight tendons of 0.91 (95% confidence interval 0.87 to 0.95). Prostaglandin E2concentrations were significantly reduced 75, 90, and 105 minutes after active LLLT compared with concentrations before treatment (p  =  0.026) and after placebo LLLT (p  =  0.009). Pressure pain threshold had increased significantly (p  =  0.012) after active LLLT compared with placebo LLLT: the mean difference in the change between the groups was 0.40 kg/cm2(95% confidence interval 0.10 to 0.70).Conclusion:LLLT at a dose of 5.4 J per point can reduce inflammation and pain in activated Achilles tendinitis. LLLT may therefore have potential in the management of diseases with an inflammatory component.
Sur la théorie spectrale locale des shifts à poidsopérateurs
Authors: Houimdi Mohamed , Zguitti Hassane 
Published: December 2005

Nous étudions les propriétés spectrales locales du
shift unilateral à poids opérateurs. Nous donnons une
condition nécessaire et suffisante pour que l′adjoint satisfasse
la propriété de l′extension unique (SVEP). Une condition
suffisante pour satisfaire la propriété de Dunford (C) ainsi qu′une condition nécessaire pour satisfaire la condition de
Bishop (β) seront données. Enfin, nous montrons que le
shift à poids opérateurs est décomposable si, et seulement
si, il est quasinilpotent.We study the local spectral properties for the
unilateral shift with operator‐valued weights. We give
necessary and sufficient conditions for the adjoint to satisfy
the SVEP. Sufficient condition to satisfy Dunford′s property (C) and necessary condition to satisfy Bishop′s condition (β) are given. Finally we show that the unilateral shift with
operator‐valued weights is decomposable if and only if it is
quasinilpotent.
The nematode community of two Italian rivers (Taro and Ticino)
Authors: Barbuto Michela , Zullini Aldo 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe Taro and Ticino rivers were sampled (maximum 15 cm depth) for nematodes during 1 year at three sites for each river and some ecological parameters were measured. The yearly mean abundance of nematodes in the river Taro was 23 individuals/10 cm2 and in the river Ticino 79 individuals/10 cm2. In the two rivers five to 15 and three to ten species, respectively, were found. The highest station (Taro 1) of the river Taro was significantly different from all the other Taro and Ticino stations both for number and species composition: bacterial feeders were the dominant group in Taro 1 (mean Maturity Index (MI) was 2.25), whereas unicellular eukaryote feeders dominated the other Taro and Ticino sites (mean MI of 2.85). Chromadorina bioculata was the most common species in both rivers, except at Taro 1, where Eumonhystera dispar dominated. Significant correlations were found between conductivity and unicellular eukaryote feeders and bacterial feeders. For the first time the Distinctness Index δ+ is used for freshwater nematodes. Comparing our communities with other Italian rivers (data taken from the literature), we detected significant differences between polluted and not polluted habitats.
Nutritional requirements for pantothenate, pantethine or coenzyme A in the free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Lu Nancy , Balachandar Rekha 
Published: December 2005

AbstractCaenorhabditis elegans is a free-living nematode cultured in an axenic medium, the Caenorhabditis elegans Maintenance Medium (CeMM), which contains B-vitamins, salts, amino acids, nucleic acid substituents, growth factors and glucose as an energy source. After initial experiments established that either pantothenate or pantethine would satisfy the vitamin B5 requirement in C. elegans, reproduction in the nematodes was measured in eight equimolar concentrations of calcium pantothenate, pantethine or coenzyme A. The optimal levels for pantothenate were found to be 7.5, 30 and 120 μg ml−1. The optimal levels for pantethine and coenzyme A were found to be 35 μg ml−1 and 100 μg ml−1, respectively. Among the three compounds, coenzyme A (at 100 μg/ml) supported a significantly greater population growth and, perhaps, is a more metabolically active form. Mild toxicity was demonstrated for pantothenate at 480μg ml−1, pantethine at 560 and 140 μg ml−1, and coenzyme A was found to exhibit toxicity at 410 and 1700 μg ml−1. Based on our results, we recommend that in the future the CeMM could be supplemented with pantothenate (7.5 μg ml−1) alone.
Horizontal gene transfer from bacteria and fungi as a driving force in the evolution of plant parasitism in nematodes
Authors: Kikuchi Taisei , Furlanetto Cleber , Jones John 
Published: December 2005

AbstractPhylogenetic studies have shown that parasitism of plants by nematodes has arisen independently on at least three separate occasions. We argue that horizontal gene transfer has played a critical role in the evolution of plant parasitism on each occasion. In addition, we discuss evidence that suggests this process has driven the evolution of other life strategies within the Nematoda and that it may be considerably more common within the Phylum than commonly thought. We review recent literature that shows horizontal gene transfer to nematodes has occurred from both bacteria and fungi.
A nested PCR-based method for detecting the pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, from pine wood
Authors: Futai Kazuyoshi , Takeuchi Yuko , Kanzaki Natsumi 
Published: December 2005

AbstractSeveral methods were examined for extracting DNA from the woody tissues of Japanese black pine, including the general CTAB method which proved to be the most successful. To detect the pine wood nematode, the causal agent of pine wilt disease (PWD) in pine wood tissues, PWN-specific PCR was done using a DNA mixture obtained from 80 mg of pine wood tissues and a single pine wood nematode as the DNA template. The results showed that nested PCR could amplify the ITS region specific to the PWN, even though the amount of nematode DNA was extremely small. Also, the PWN could be detected in diseased tissues of several Pinus spp. which had been inoculated with nematodes. The method described here can also be used as a simple and quick detection method for a wide range of wood-inhabiting pathogens.
Differentiation of the Xiphinema americanum-group nematodes X. brevicollum, X. incognitum, X. diffusum and X. oxycaudatum in Taiwan by morphometrics and nuclear ribosomal DNA sequences
Authors: Cheng Yung-Hsiung , Tsay Tung-Tsuan , Ni Hui-Fang , Chen Diann-Yih , Yen Jyh-Herng 
Published: December 2005

AbstractMorphometrics and molecular variability of the X. americanum-group collected in Taiwan were studied. Morphometric data, derived from the females and their developing juveniles, revealed that the 27 populations comprised four taxa: X. brevicollum, X. incognitum, X. diffusum and X. oxycaudatum, the last species being found to have only three juvenile stages. Further identifications were conducted by analysing the nucleotide sequences of the first internal transcribed spacer (ITS-1), 5.8S gene and second internal transcribed spacer (ITS-2) of ribosomal DNA (rDNA). Pairwise comparisons revealed the sequence differences among these taxa ranging from 3.5 to 21.8% for the ITS-1, 2.9 to 28.6% for the ITS-2 and 0 to 3.1% for the 5.8S. Little or no intraspecific variation was detected in the four species for which multiple populations from different geographical regions or hosts were sequenced. Although X. incognitum is morphometrically closer to X. diffusum than it is to X. brevicollum in mean body length, total stylet length, and percentage position of vulva, there is a higher degree of genetic similarity between X. incognitum and X. brevicollum.
Nematicidal activity of plant essential oils and components from garlic (Allium sativum) and cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum) oils against the pine wood nematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus)
Authors: Park Il-Kwon , Kim Kyung-Hee , Choi Kwang-Sik , Kim Chul-Su , Choi In-Ho , Park Ju-Yong , Shin Sang-Chul 
Published: December 2005

AbstractPlant essential oils from 43 plant species were tested for their nematicidal activities against the pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus. Responses varied with plant material and concentration. Good nematicidal activity against male, female and juvenile nematodes of B. xylophilus was achieved with essential oils of Cinnamomum verum, Leptospermum petersonii, Asiasarum sieboldi, Boswellia carterii, Pimenta racemosa, Cymbopogon citratus, Mentha spicata, clove and garlic. Garlic and cinnamon oils showed the most potent nematicidal activity among the plant essential oils. Analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry led to identification of three major compounds from garlic and two from cinnamon oil. These five compounds from two essential oils were tested individually for their nematicidal activities against the pine wood nematode. Responses varied with compounds and dose. LC50 values of diallyl trisulphide, diallyl disulphide and cinnamyl acetate against juvenile nematode were 2.79, 37.06 and 32.81 μl−1, respectively. The essential oils described herein merit further study as potential nematicides against the pine wood nematode.
Life stage responses observed amongst fifteen wild Solanum species resistant to Globodera pallida
Authors: Blok Vivian , Bryan Glenn , Phillips Mark , Castelli Lydia , Ramsay Gavin 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe resistance responses present in 15 wild Solanum species to the potato cyst nematode Globodera pallida were investigated, focusing on hatch, invasion, development, sex determination and fecundity. A wide range of resistance responses was observed among the species, which impacted at different points in the life cycle of G. pallida. For most species a reduced rate of development and subsequent shifts towards an increased male to female ratio, indicative of a poor nutritional host, were observed. However, S. acaule ssp. acaule and S. canasense appeared to possess unique resistance responses, and may comprise valuable sources of new genes for incorporation into potato breeding programmes.
Description of Bursaphelenchus parvispicularis n. sp. (Nematoda: Parasitaphelenchidae) isolated from a dead oak tree, Quercus mongolica var. grosseserrata
Authors: Kanzaki Natsumi , Futai Kazuyoshi 
Published: December 2005

AbstractBursaphelenchus parvispicularis n. sp. is described and figured. The new species was isolated from the bark of a dead oak tree, Quercus mongolica var. grosseserrata, and reared on Botrytis cinerea. Specimens were collected from a 2-week-old culture on Botrytis cinerea. The new species has a body length of 894 (711-1012) μm in the female and 764 (600-870) μm in the male, a ratio of 33.4 (29.7-37.1) in the female and 35.6 (31.4-45.3) in the male, and c and c′ ratios of 16.7 (14.8-19.0) and 4.4 (3.9-5.1), respectively, in the female and 24.3 (20.0-28.4) and 2.5 (2.2-2.8), respectively, in the male. The stylet is 14-16 μm long in the female and 13-15 μm in the male; there are three lines in the lateral field; the spicules are small (13 (13-15) μm long) and broad; there are seven (2 + 1 + 2 + 2) male caudal papillae; the 'bursa' varies from roundish trapezoid to rectangular with a concave terminus, and the female tail is tapered with clearly annulated dorsal surface near the tail tip and a rounded terminus. Based upon morphology the new species belongs to the B. hofmanni-group sensu Braasch. However, the new species is distinguished from the other B. hofmanni-group species by the size and form of the spicule, female tail shape, and morphometric values. Based on the molecular phylogenetic analysis of the DNA base sequences of ribosomal DNA and mtCOI gene, the new species was close to two B. hofmanni-group species (B. paracorneolus and B. hofmanni) and to B. hylobianum. This result is in accordance with their morphological similarity.
Long-term efficacy of Pochonia chlamydosporia for management of Meloidogyne javanica in glasshouse crops
Authors: Hoedekie Annemie , Viaene Nicole , Van Damme Veerle 
Published: December 2005

AbstractLong-term efficacy of Pochonia chlamydosporia, a fungal parasite of root-knot nematodes, was tested in two cropping systems: one consisting of three consecutive lettuce crops and another consisting of one tomato crop followed by two lettuce crops. Plants were either grown in pots in soil inoculated with 5000 chlamydospores of P. chlamydosporia per cm3 soil or in soil without chlamydospores. Fifty or 25 second-stage juveniles (J2) of Meloidogyne javanica per 100 cm3 soil were applied in Tests 1 and 2, respectively. The high nematode inoculum density of Test 1 resulted in considerable plant death, showing that the fungus was unable to control high nematode levels. At the harvest of most crop cycles, fewer J2 were found in soil or roots or fewer egg masses per root system were counted in pots with P. chlamydosporia compared with pots without P. chlamydosporia. A one-time application of P. chlamydosporia was able to slow down the build-up of the M. javanica population for at least 5-7 months.
Response of East African highland bananas and hybrids to Radopholus similis
Authors: Tenkouano Abdou , De Waele Dirk , Ortiz Rodomiro , Whyte Jim , Dochez Carine 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe burrowing nematode, Radopholus similis, is a serious threat to sustainable banana production worldwide. A promising way of controlling nematodes is through the development and deployment of resistant cultivars. This usually involves crossing triploid cultivars with fertile diploids to produce tetraploids that generally display greater male and female fertility. Selected tetraploids are then crossed with improved diploids to produce sterile secondary triploids. This study evaluates the host response of the most commonly grown East African highland bananas in Uganda. Also, the host responses of diploid hybrids and East African highland banana derived hybrids, including tetraploids and secondary triploids, were evaluated. The individual root inoculation method was used for screening the Musa accessions for resistance to R. similis. The final nematode population of each accession was compared with the final nematode population of a susceptible reference cultivar, Valery, and with the final nematode population of a resistant reference cultivar, Yangambi km5. Results show that, except for cv. Muvubo, East African highland bananas were as susceptible to R. similis as cv. Valery. Four out of 13 tetraploid hybrids were identified with resistance to R. similis, as well as 13 out of 19 diploids and five out of 18 secondary triploids.
A microplot study on Ditylenchus africanus population densities and damage symptoms on groundnut in relation to commercial yields
Authors:   De Waele,   Mc Donald,   Fourie,   Loots
Published: December 2005

AbstractOptimum kernel quality is important at all levels of groundnut production and utilisation because of its value as a direct or processed food. Kernel quality can be reduced by many factors but in South Africa the groundnut pod nematode, Ditylenchus africanus, is responsible for severe losses in groundnut crops. The objective of this study was to evaluate in microplots the effect of D. africanus on groundnut yield in terms of commercial grading principles. Differential initial population densities (Pi) of between zero to 7000 and zero to 20000 nematodes per plant were inoculated, respectively, in two separate trials over two consecutive seasons. Significant non-linear relationships were recorded between Pi and nematode densities at harvest (Pf), between Pi and downgrading of kernels (% unsound, blemished and soiled (UBS)) and between % UBS and income earned per tonne. No relationships were found between initial or final nematode population densities and kernel fresh weight. Sufficient evidence was provided that damage by D. africanus on groundnut could be expressed in terms of commercial yield grading stipulations. Therefore, it is possible to estimate the effect of this nematode in monetary terms and to consider control measures in terms of financial gains or losses.
Obligatory amphimixis and variation in chromosome number within and among South American populations of Nacobbus aberrans (Thorne, 1935) Thorne & Allen, 1944 (Nematoda: Pratylenchidae)
Authors: Anthoine Géraldine , Mugniéry Didier 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThere are conflicting opinions concerning the reproductive mode and the taxonomic status of Nacobbus aberrans, so we have addressed these issues by an experimental approach based on the inoculation of immature and vermiform females in in vitro conditions. Complementary information on chromosome number was provided. Five South American populations of Nacobbus aberrans were tested. No population was observed to be able to reproduce by parthenogenesis in in vitro conditions. The basic haploid chromosome number seems to be seven, at least for four of the five populations studied. However, all populations had individuals with haploid chromosome numbers ranging from five to eight, six to eight being the most frequent number, regardless of the 'race' group or the native country. The variation in the chromosome number suggests that N. aberrans may be considered as a set of different karyological genetic entities.
Investigation of resistance specificity amongst fifteen wild Solanum species to a range of Globodera pallida and G. rostochiensis populations
Authors: Ramsay Gavin , Bryan Glenn , Castelli Lydia , Phillips Mark , Blok Vivian 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe breadth of resistance to populations of the potato cyst nematodes, Globodera pallida and G. rostochiensis, which differed both in virulence level and country of origin, was investigated in 15 wild Solanum species. A range of responses to the populations was noted, with significant interactions observed between the potato genotypes and Globodera populations assayed. Of the 15 wild Solanum species, seven appeared to be potentially valuable sources of wide spectrum resistance with low multiplication rates with all populations recorded. The inclusion of these species into a potato breeding programme is justified by this study.
Steinernema beddingi n. sp. (Nematoda: Steinernematidae), a new entomopathogenic nematode from Yunnan, China
Authors: Qiu Lihong , Zhou Yong , Nguyen Khuong , Hu Xianqi , Pang Yi 
Published: December 2005

AbstractA new entomopathogenic nematode (EPN), described here as Steinernema beddingi n. sp., was recovered from a single soil sample collected from a cabbage field in the suburb of Kunming, Yunnan province, China, during an EPN survey in 2002. DNA sequences of both the D3 domain of 28S and the ITS regions of rDNA showed congruently that S. beddingi n. sp. clustered with S. affine and S. intermedium but was clearly distinguished from both. The new species can be separated from all other described species of Steinernema, including the two most closely related species mentioned above, by morphological characters of various stages of the nematode, including lateral field pattern and tail shape of infective juvenile, the spicule and gubernaculum shape of the first generation male, and the tail morphology of the first generation female. Steinernema beddingi n. sp. can also be separated from S. affine and S. intermedium by cross-breeding tests.