bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trends in the Incidence of Surgical Site Infection in The Netherlands
Authors: Manniën Judith , van den Hof Susan , Muilwijk Jan , van den Broek Peterhans J. , van Benthem Birgit , Wille Jan C. 
Published: November 2008

Objective.To evaluate the time trend in the surgical site infection (SSI) rate in relation to the duration of surveillance in The Netherlands.Setting.Forty-two hospitals that participated in the the Dutch national nosocomial surveillance network, which is known as PREZIES (Preventie van Ziekenhuisinfecties door Surveillance), and that registered at least 1 of the following 5 frequently performed surgical procedures for at least 3 years during the period from 1996 through 2006: mastectomy, colectomy, replacement of the head of the femur, total hip arthroplasty, or knee arthroplasty.Methods.Analyses were performed for each surgical procedure. The surveillance time to operation was stratified in consecutive 1-year periods, with the first year as reference. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed using a random coefficient model to adjust for random variation among hospitals. All models were adjusted for method of postdischarge surveillance.Results.The number of procedures varied from 3,031 for colectomy to 31,407 for total hip arthroplasty, and the SSI rate varied from 1.6% for knee arthroplasty to 12.2% for colectomy. For total hip arthroplasty, the SSI rate decreased significantly by 6% per year of surveillance (odds ratio [OR], 0.94 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 0.90–0.98]), indicating a 60% decrease after 10 years. Nonsignificant but substantial decreasing trends in the rate of SSI were found for replacement of the head of the femur (OR, 0.94 [95% CI, 0.88–1.00]) and for colectomy (OR, 0.92 [95% CI, 0.83–1.02]).Conclusions.Even though most decreasing trends in the SSI rate were not statistically significant, they were encouraging. To use limited resources as efficiently as possible, we would suggest switching the surveillance to another surgical procedure when the SSI rate for that particular procedure has decreased below the target rate.
LANGUAGE UNIVERSALS AND SOCIO‐CULTURAL IMPLICATIONS IN DEVIANT USAGE: PERSONAL QUESTIONS IN SWEDISH
Authors: Paulston Christina Bratt 
Published: November 2008

Abstract This paper investigates the address avoidance of second person personal pronouns in Swedish in terms of language universals and the relationship between deviation from a universal linguistic feature and social structural change. The hypothesis proposed is that if a language universal exists, and if a language possesses this universal language feature but under specific conditions systematically avoids this feature with circumscriptions, then this particular language usage contains clues to the socio‐cultural‐economic conditions in that social structure.The language universal examined is Hockett's “Among the deictic elements of every human language is one that denotes the speaker and one that denotes the addressee.” Eleven ways of expressing “What do you want?” in Swedish, only two of which denote the addressee, are examined and the contextual conditions which tend to elicit the various forms are discussed. The assumption given to account for this address avoidance is that it reflects a stage of development from the non‐reciprocal power semantic to the solidarity semantic in the terms of the Brown and Gilman study “Pronouns of Power and Solidarity”; that it reflects the dichotomy between a still highly stratified community in terms of social class and the social democratic ideology of equality which has been the dominant political ideology since 1932.
Promoting an Energy Partnership in Northeast Asia
Authors: Fallon Karla S. 
Published: November 2008

Are we witnessing tentative steps towards an energy partnership or energy community in Northeast Asia? Is such an energy partnership possible? This article traces and analyzes recent dialogue, negotiations, agreements and proposed projects for energy cooperation among Russia, China, Japan, and South Korea. It addresses the implications of China's growing energy demand and implications of Russia's attempts to move from a lost position as a political and military superpower to an energy superpower.The article concludes that reports of competition over Russian energy resources among Japan, China, and South Korea are exaggerated and that there is much opportunity for cooperation among these countries. However, a failure to devise and articulate clear and long‐term national energy security policies and strategies, particularly by Russia, may lead to the closing of this window of opportunity for cooperation.
Size- and sex-based habitat partitioning by Lepetodrilus fucensis near hydrothermal vents on the Juan de Fuca Ridge, Northeast Pacific
Authors: Bates Amanda E. 
Published: November 2008

This study examines habitat partitioning by a hydrothermal vent limpet, Lepetodrilus fucensis, along environmental gradients and among vents with differing levels of flux. To test for spatial patterns in size structure, two distances from isolated vent flows were sampled (0–25 cm and 51–75 cm). Lepetodrilus fucensis displays a size gradient: juveniles are rare in flow (relative abundance < 5%, density = 56 ± 46 individuals·dm–2) and abundant peripherally (>95%, 2616 ± 2002 individuals·dm–2). Next, sex-based habitat partitioning was examined. High flux locations are female-biased (proportion male = 0.34 ± 0.07), whereas males are overrepresented peripherally and at waning vents (0.64 ± 0.08). The spatial mismatch between the sexes within a vent is driven by differential habitat occupation at decimetre scales. One hypothesis to explain this pattern is that females suffer a higher cost of reproduction and outcompete males for habitats with high food availability. Indeed, relatively higher percentages of females in waning vents had empty gonads in comparison with males (32%–78% vs. 0%–16%, respectively). Furthermore, females transplanted to the vent periphery for one year displayed much lower survivorship than males (2% vs. 27%). This finding suggests that differential survivorship between the sexes when food is limited can yield male-biased populations at waning vents.
Effect of trawling on juvenile red snapper (Lutjanus campechanus) habitat selection and life history parameters
Authors: Wells R. J. David , Cowan, James H. , Patterson William F. , Walters Carl J. 
Published: November 2008

This study documents ontogenetic habitat shifts of red snapper ( Lutjanus campechanus ) and highlights possible impacts of shrimp trawling on age-0 fish life history parameters on the northern Gulf of Mexico (GOM) continental shelf. Red snapper were collected quarterly during 2004 and 2005 over sand, low-relief shell rubble, high-relief shell rubble, and natural high-relief reef habitats within a de facto nontrawl area and in similar habitats on the open shelf where commercial shrimp trawling occurred. Age-0 red snapper were most dense over sand and low-relief shell rubble habitats and moved to higher-relief shell rubble and natural reef habitats by age-1. Habitat-specific daily growth rates of age-0 fish were highest over sand (range 0.65–1.03 mm·day–1). Densities of age-0 red snapper were highest over trawled sand, but higher over nontrawled shell rubble by 6 months of age (age-0.5+). Red snapper collected over sand and low-relief shell rubble areas exposed to trawling had truncated size distributions, higher mortality estimates, and lower production potential (the latter evaluated with G–Z and P–B ratios) compared with fish over nontrawled areas of similar habitat. Results suggest that juvenile red snapper residing over nontrawled areas may have a higher probability of survival than fish in areas exposed to commercial shrimp trawling.
Identification of immunoreactive extracellular proteins of Streptococcus agalactiae in bovine mastitis
Authors: Trigo Gabriela , Ferreira Paula , Ribeiro Niza , Dinis Márcia , Andrade Elva Bonifácio , Melo-Cristino José , Ramirez Mário , Tavares Delfina 
Published: November 2008

Streptococcus agalactiae is a common pathogen that causes bovine mastitis. The aims of this study were to evaluate the antibody response against S. agalactiae extracellular proteins in the whey and serum of naturally infected bovines and to identify possible immunodominant extracellular antigens. IgG1antibodies against S. agalactiae extracellular proteins were elevated in the whey and serum of naturally infected bovines. In the whey, the levels of IgG1specific for S. agalactiae extracellular proteins were similar in infected and noninfected milk quarters from the same cow, and the production of antibodies specific for S. agalactiae extracellular proteins was induced only by infection with this bacterium. The immunoreactivity of extracellular proteins with bovine whey was clearly different in infected versus control animals. Group B protective surface protein and 5′-nucleotidase family protein were 2 major immunoreactive proteins that were detected only in the whey of infected cows, suggesting that these proteins may be important in the pathogenesis of S. agalactiae-induced mastitis. This information could be used to diagnose S. agalactiae infection. In addition, these antigens may be useful as carrier proteins for serotype-specific polysaccharides in conjugate vaccines.
Embryonic motility and hatching success of Ambystoma maculatum are influenced by a symbiotic alga
Authors: Tattersall Glenn J. , Spiegelaar Nicole 
Published: November 2008

To augment O2supply through the jelly mass and egg capsule, embryonic yellow-spotted salamanders ( Ambystoma maculatum (Shaw, 1802)) take advantage of a unicellular alga, Oophila ambystomatis . Convective currents from surface cilia, however, may also enhance O2transport, whereas muscular contractions could either enhance delivery or contribute to O2consumption. Embryonic motion is, therefore, potentially vital to salamander development. We examined embryonic motility across multiple developmental stages, survivorship, and hatching timing in response to different algal levels by rearing salamander egg masses under three different diel light cycles: 24 h dark, 12 h light, and 24 h light per day. Embryos raised in continuous light hatched synchronously and at slightly earlier developmental stages than embryos raised in the dark or in 12 h light per day. We removed eggs at multiple stages to examine embryonic rotation and muscular contraction rates under 180 min periods of both light and dark. Rotational movements occurred more frequently in alga-free than in algae-inhabited eggs, and more frequently in algae-inhabited eggs in the dark than in light. At later developmental stages, muscular contractions were more frequent in embryos from algae-inhabited egg masses in light than those in the dark; thus embryos with less O2reduced muscular activity, thereby reducing energy consumption when O2availability was compromised.
Structure in the Dimension of Liveness and Mediation
Authors: Morris Jeffrey M. 
Published: November 2008

ABSTRACT
While technological developments can replace some aspects of live performance, they have also opened a new dimension of musical structure: that of liveness and mediation, which requires live performance in order to be meaningful. Liveness itself can be used and manipulated as a distinct musical element. The author describes these concepts at work in his compositions that explore mediatization as a device of intermedial imitative counterpoint and formal structure.
Public Diplomacy in Confl ict Zones:Military Information Operations Meet Political Counter-Insurgency
Authors: Potter Evan , Copeland Daryl 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThe case made in this article is threefold: that the resolution of conflicts in the twenty-first century will depend much more on the judicious use of soft rather than hard power; that the type of soft power exercised through public diplomacy will move increasingly from monologue to dialogue and collaboration; and that there is an increasing convergence of thinking both in defence departments and foreign ministries on the role of public diplomacy in resolving conflict in asymmetrical warfare. That convergence is expressed in this article's characterization of the 'guerrilla diplomat'.
Isolated vertebral fractures give elevated serum protein S-100B levels
Authors: Benneker Lorin M , Leitner Christoph , Martinolli Luca , Robert Kretschmer , Zimmermann Heinz , Exadaktylos Aristomenis K 
Published: November 2008

Abstract

Background
Serum protein S-100B determinations have been widely proposed in the past as markers of traumatic brain injury and used as a predictor of injury severity and outcome. The purpose of this prospective observational case series was therefore to determine S-100B serum levels in patients with isolated injuries to the back.

Methods
Between 1 February and 1 May 2008, serum samples for S-100B analysis were obtained within 1 hour of injury from 285 trauma patients. All patients with a head injury, polytrauma, and intoxicated patients were excluded to select isolated injuries to the spine. 19 patients with isolated injury of the back were included. Serum samples for S-100B analysis and CT spine were obtained within 1 hours of injury.

Results
CT scans showed vertebral fractures in 12 of the 19 patients (63%). All patients with fractures had elevated S-100B levels. Amongst the remaining 7 patients without a fracture, only one patient with a severe spinal contusion had an S-100B concentration above the reference limit. The mean S-100B value of the group with fractures was more than 4 times higher than in the group without fractures (0.385 vs 0.087 μg/L, p = 0.0097).

Conclusion
Our data, although limited due to a very small sample size, suggest that S-100B serum levels might be useful for the diagnosis of acute vertebral body and spinal cord injury with a high negative predictive power. According to the literature, the highest levels of serum S-100B are found when large bones are fractured. If a large prospective study confirms our findings, determining the S-100B level may contribute to more selective use of CT and MRI in spinal trauma.
MALDI-TOF MS Genotyping of Polymorphisms Related to 1-Carbon Metabolism Using Common and Mass-Modified Terminators
Authors: Meyer Klaus , Fredriksen Åse , Ueland Per Magne 
Published: November 2008

AbstractBackground: Large cohort studies may provide sufficient power to disentangle the role of polymorphisms related to 1-carbon metabolism and chronic diseases, but they require fast, accurate, high-throughput genotyping techniques. MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry has been adapted to rapid fine mapping using various approaches for allele discrimination. We developed a genotyping method based on MALDI-TOF MS and compared assay performance for formats based on standard and mass-modified terminators.Methods: The assay includes 20 polymorphisms of 14 genes involved in 1-carbon metabolism (BHMT 742G&gt;A, CBS 844ins68 and 699C&gt;T, CTH 1364G&gt;T, DHFR del19, NOS3 –786T&gt;C and 894G&gt;T, FOLR1 1314G&gt;A, MTHFD1 –105T&gt;C and 1958G&gt;A, MTHFR 677C&gt;T and 1298A&gt;C, MTR 2756A&gt;G, MTRR 66A&gt;G and 524C&gt;T, SLC19A1 80G&gt;A, SHMT1 1420C&gt;T, TCN2 67A&gt;G and 776C&gt;G, and TYMS 1494del6).Results: Missing calls were observed for 4.7% of the DNA samples, attributed to failed liquid sample handling. Highly accurate genotyping was obtained by mass-modified as well as standard ddNTPs, with an average error rate of ≤0.1% by analysis of sample duplicates. A semiquantitative approach enabled unambiguous identification of the CBS 844ins68. Cluster plots of the relative allele intensities showed allele-specific bias according to type of minisequencing terminator and revealed a potential structural variation in the BHMT gene.Conclusions: MALDI-TOF MS–based genotyping using either standard or mass-modified terminators allows the accurate determination of single nucleotides as well as structural genetic variants. This was demonstrated with 20 polymorphisms involved in 1-carbon metabolism.
Do Patients Die from Rashes from Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Inhibitors? A Systematic Review to Help Counsel Patients About Holding Therapy
Authors: Jatoi Aminah , Nguyen Phuong L. 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
Rash from epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors is common and negatively impacts the quality of life of cancer patients. Published guidelines recommend holding cancer therapy if the rash is severe. Does this recommendation hinge solely on improving patients' quality of life, or does it also hinge on the prevention of a potentially fatal, cutaneous adverse event? In other words, do patients die from rashes from epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors? To our knowledge, the latter question has never before been asked and answered in an evidence-based fashion. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review of the published, prospectively conducted clinical trial literature on epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors. The primary aim was to determine whether rash-related death has ever been reported in such trials. Among 117 such trials, which included 8,998 cancer patients, the rate of rash development was &gt;50%, as expected. However, there were no reported deaths from a rash. Although we cannot conclude that a rash-related death from this class of agents can never occur, this systematic review provides evidence-based guidance on how best to counsel cancer patients who develop a rash from an epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor. It suggests that quality of life issues should remain at the forefront as cancer patients and health care providers make decisions about holding cancer therapy.
pH-cycling Model to Verify the Efficacy of Fluoride-releasing Materials in Enamel Demineralization
Authors: Rodrigues E. , Delbem A. C. B. , Pedrini D. , Oliveira M. S. R. 
Published: November 2008

Clinical Relevance
Due to the commercial availability of many fluoride-releasing materials, it is necessary to develop methods to analyze their cariostatic action, mainly as a per dose of fluoride for effect of response.
Management of surgical patients receiving anticoagulation and antiplatelet agents
Authors: Thachil J , Gatt A , Martlew V 
Published: November 2008

AbstractBackgroundTemporary interruption of long-term anticoagulation and antiplatelet therapy during surgical procedures exposes patients to thrombotic risk. Continuation of these agents, however, is associated with an increased risk of bleeding. Managing anticoagulation can be a particular challenge in the emergency setting.MethodsA literature review of published articles sourced using the keywords heparin, warfarin, perioperative, antiplatelet, aspirin and surgery was undertaken. A management plan for all likely situations was developed.Results and conclusionBased on an individual assessment of risk factors for arterial or venous thromboembolism and the risk of perioperative bleeding, it is possible to form an anticoagulant and antiplatelet management plan likely to achieve a low incidence of bleeding and thrombosis. A multidisciplinary approach is desirable.
Complications and follow-up after pancreas-preserving total duodenectomy for duodenal polyps
Authors: Al-Sarireh B , Ghaneh P , Gardner-Thorpe J , Raraty M , Hartley M , Sutton R , Neoptolemos J P 
Published: November 2008

Abstract

Background
Patients with duodenal polyps are at risk of duodenal cancer. Pancreas-preserving total duodenectomy (PPTD) is an alternative to partial pancreatoduodenectomy.

Methods
Twelve patients (seven men and five women) with a median age of 59 (interquartile range (i.q.r.) 50–67) years underwent PPTD for large (over 20 mm) solitary polyps or multiple (more than three) duodenal polyps confined to the muscularis propria on endoscopic ultrasonography.

Results
Median hospital stay was 21 (i.q.r. 10–36) days with no deaths and no blood transfusion. Six patients developed postoperative complications, one requiring reoperation. Histology demonstrated gastrointestinal stromal tumour in three patients, low-grade dysplasia in one, moderate-grade dysplasia in eight and duodenal intramucosal adenocarcinoma in one. During a median follow-up of 20 (i.q.r. 8–41) months one patient experienced recurrent acute pancreatitis (due to hypertriglyceridaemia) and one developed a jejunal adenocarcinoma in the neoduodenum.

Conclusion
The morbidity of PPTD is similar to that of partial pancreatoduodenectomy, but PPTD preserves the whole pancreas and reduces the number of anastomoses.
ChemInform Abstract: Rare Earth‐Rich Cadmium Compounds RE4TCd (T: Ni, Pr, Ir, Pt).
Authors: Schappacher Falko M. , Rodewald Ute Ch. , Poettgen Rainer 
Published: November 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Low and High Temperature Crystal Structures of [Mg(H2O)6]XBr3 Double Salts (X: Rb, Cs).
Authors: Dinnebier Robert E. , Liebold‐Ribeiro Yvonne , Jansen Martin 
Published: November 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Structure of the Ln2PbS4 (Ln: Y, Dy, Ho, Er, and Tm) Compounds and a Comparison with the Crystal Structures of Other Rare Earth Lead Chalcogenides.
Authors: Gulay L. D. , Daszkiewicz M. , Shemet V. Ya. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: New Transition‐Metal Borides Containing Trigonal‐Planar B4‐Units: Syntheses and Single‐Crystal Structure Analyses of Ti1.6Os2.4B2 and Ti1‐xFexOs2RhB2 (0 < x < 0.5).
Authors: Fokwa Boniface P. T. , Dronskowski Richard 
Published: November 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Disordered Structures of the TM—Mg—Zn 1/1 Quasicrystal Approximants (TM: Hf, Zr, or Ti) and Chemical Intergrowth.
Authors: Gomez Cesar Pay , Ohhashi Satoshi , Yamamoto Akiji , Tsai An Pang 
Published: November 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Electrochemical Properties of Ag5Te2Cl0.8Br0.2, a Representative of the Solid Solutions Ag5Te2Cl1‐xBrx.
Authors: Bawohl Melanie , Nilges Tom 
Published: November 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.