bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
African Folk and the Challenges of a Global Lore: 1998 American Folklore Society Plenary Address
Authors: Yankah Kwesi 
Published: January 2007

Abstract
The politics of knowledge production and dissemination unfairly subsumes local intellectual paradigms under received Western hegemonies, thereby shifting the power base of knowledge. This trend contributes in obscuring Africa’s contribution to the study of folklore. This essay advocates a revision of the world academic order toward a greater formalization of local knowledge.
The Self in "Fieldwork": A Methodological Concern
Authors: Stoeltje Beverly J. , Fox Christie L. , Olbrys Stephen 
Published: January 2007

AbstractAs concepts of reflexivity and postcolonial perspectives have advanced our understandings of the way we represent those we study, they have also introduced a consciousness of the role of the self in research. This article reviews the history of the field of folklore with regard to the method of obtaining data or texts and demonstrates that collecting material contrasts with the practice of conducting research in the field. Pointing to a moment of transition, it shows that theories of folklore had to undergo significant change before methods of research would acknowledge the identity of the fieldworker and its significance.
The Aesthetics of Play in Reunified Germany’s Carnival
Authors: McMahon Felicia Faye 
Published: January 2007

Abstract
On 11 November, two days after the fall of the Berlin Wall, carnival enthusiasts in Chemnitz celebrated by dressing in nightgowns and running through the streets as they openly mocked the old regime. In play forms such as carnival, both sense and nonsense exist side by side, but not infrequently the latter disintegrates into disorder, with no reference to any context outside of itself. Such a condition is possible because of the paradoxical nature of play, and I here suggest that nonsense in and of itself should be considered the essential element of "carnival aesthetics." However, when other influences such as politics override the carnival, this playfulness is essentially lost, and the festival becomes ideological display as evidenced by the history of the German carnival known as "Fasching."
Grief at Seeing a Daughter Leave Home: Weeping and Emotion in the TuaregTechawaitPostmarital Residence Ritual
Authors: Rasmussen Susan 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThis article examines the relationship between subjective experience and ritual process: the meaning of nonverbal weeping laments in a ritual called techawait among the Tuareg, a seminomadic, traditionally stratified, Muslim people of Niger, West Africa. This ritual is held when a married couple moves away from the wife’s parents after approximately two years of marriage to bring the wife to the home of the husband’s family. Although officially defined as a celebration, this event has emotional undertones suggesting sorrow and conflict in the weeping of the female relatives of the wife. The article analyzes these emotions against the backdrop of a rite of passage--but not solely as social control, linear transition, or status change. Rather, it analyzes this expression of ambiguous yet profound sentiments in relation to the wider contexts of cultural constructions of emotional expression and gender and social dynamics evoked by the central symbols of techawait: tent and camel. The conclusion explores the implications of these data for theories of emotion, gender, and rites of passage.
"Bring Me the Head of James Macpherson": The Execution of Ossian and the Wellsprings of Folkloristic Discourse
Authors: Porter James 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe poems of Ossian, as presented to the world of the 18th century by James Macpherson, had an enormous influence on the course of Romanticism and the growth of folkloristics through key figures such as Johann Gottfried Herder. Controversy still surrounds the compilation of the poems because of Macpherson’s free use of source material. The question of "authenticity" was the original reason for attacks on Macpherson and his methods, but in the present context of concern for the nature and study of folklore, this issue seems less important than Macpherson’s own complex personality and motives, which involve not only his shifting identity but also his attitude toward his sources and his English-language audience, and shed light, as well, on the process of "recomposition" and on the difficulty of "translating" cultural meanings.
Empowering Self, Making Choices, Creating Spaces: Black Female Identity via Rap Music Performance
Authors: Keyes Cheryl L. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractCritics and scholars have often associated rap music with urban male culture. However, females have been involved in the history of this music since its early years. This article explores Black women’s contribution to and role in shaping rap music. In examining female rappers, this study engages an interdisciplinary model that employs cultural studies, feminist theory, and mass mediation theory of popular culture, and it employs an ethnographic concept, the "interpretive community," in its analysis.
The "Storylistening" Trance Experience
Authors: Sturm Brian W. 
Published: January 2007

Abstract
This article addresses the experience of people who listen to stories, with particular attention to the trancelike quality of that experience. Interviews and observations at organized storytelling events provide the data, which are analyzed for content and theme. The results show that people listening to stories often do enter a qualitatively different state of consciousness. This article explores the character of and influences on this state and presents a theoretical model.
Nanocomposites of Polyaniline and a Layered Inorganic Acid Host: Polymerization of Aniline in the Layers, Conformation, and Electrochemical Studies
Authors: Yang G. , Hou W. , Feng X. , Xu L. , Liu Y. , Wang G. , Ding W. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractA detailed study on the intercalative polymerization of aniline within different layered inorganic acid hosts (HNb3O8, HTiNbO5, and HSr2Nb3O10) and the conformation and electrochemical properties of the resulting nanocomposites is presented. Two different mechanisms are proposed for the polymerization of monomers within the confined intralamella, initiated by chemical oxidants or microwave irradiation. The orientation of the aromatic rings and the extent of oxidation and protonation of the interlayered polyaniline (PANI) is closely related to the different layer properties. To emphasize the controlled structure–property relationship, the nanocomposites are modeled as “porous electrolytes” and analyzed by equivalent circuit, cyclic voltammetry (CV), and charge–discharge measurements. Compared with the nanocomposites in which the aromatic rings are parallel with the inorganic slabs, the nanocomposites in which the aromatic rings are perpendicular to the slabs demonstrate higher conductivity, electroactivity, and discharge capacity. In the latter, a good 2D channel for the insertion/desertion of ions was provided and simultaneously more ions could be reserved within a relatively wider space. A charge–discharge mechanism is suggested for the chemical reaction in the Li/PANI nanocomposite battery and is in good agreement with the experimental facts.
ErIII‐Cored Complexes Based on Dendritic PtII–Porphyrin Ligands: Synthesis, Near‐IR Emission Enhancement, and Photophysical Studies
Authors: Oh J. B. , Nah M.‐K. , Kim Y. H. , Kang M. S. , Ka J.‐W. , Kim H. K. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractA series of stable and inert complexes with ErIII cores and dendritic PtII‐porphyrin ligands exhibit strong near‐IR (NIR) emission bands via highly efficient energy transfer from the excited triplet state of the PtII‐porphyrin ligand to Er3+ ions. The NIR emission intensity of thin films of ErIII complexes at 1530 nm, originating from 4f–4f electronic transitions from the first excited state (4I13/2) to the ground state (4I15/2) of the Er3+ ion, is dramatically enhanced upon increasing the generation number (n) of the aryl ether dendrons because of site‐isolation and light‐harvesting (LH) effects. Attempts are made to distinguish the site‐isolation effect from the LH effect in these complexes. Surprisingly, the site‐isolation effect is dominant over the LH effect in the Er3+‐[Gn‐PtP]3(terpy) (terpy: 2,2′:6′,2″‐terpyridine) series of complexes, even though the present dendrimer systems with ErIII cores have a proper cascade‐type energy gradient. This might be due to the low quantum yield of the aryl ether dendrons. Thus, the NIR emission intensity of Er3+‐[G3‐PtP]3(terpy) is 30 times stronger than that of Er3+‐[G1‐PtP]3(terpy). The energy transfer efficiency between the PtII‐porphyrin moiety in the dendritic PtII‐porphyrin ligands and the Ln3+ ion increases with increasing generation number of the dendrons from 12–43 %. The time‐resolved luminescence spectra in the NIR region show monoexponential decays with a luminescence lifetime of 0.98 μs for Er3+‐[G1‐PtP]3(terpy), 1.64 μs for Er3+‐[G2‐PtP]3(terpy), and 6.85 μs for Er3+‐[G3‐PtP]3(terpy) in thin films of these complexes. All the ErIII‐cored dendrimer complexes exhibit excellent thermal stability and photostability, and possess good solubility in common organic solvents.
Precision Ethylene/Vinyl Bromide Polymers
Authors: Boz Emine , Nemeth Alexander J. , Alamo Rufina G. , Wagener Kenneth B. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractHere we report the synthesis of precision ethylene/vinyl bromide (EV/B) polymers via metathesis chemistry followed by exhaustive hydrogenation. The polymer primary structures are supported by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, elemental analysis, TGA, and IR. Thermal analysis by DSC shows that a linear trend exists between increasing bromine content and decreasing melting temperature as bromine is incorporated (as a defect) in the crystalline lattice. In reference to the defect‐free chain, a change in phase structure causes a dramatic decrease in the observed heat of fusion and a smooth decrease within the Br series. This study describes the first family of precise EV/B polymers reported in the literature.
Silica‐Alumina‐Supported, Tungsten‐Based Heterogeneous Alkane Metathesis Catalyst: Is it Closer to a Silica‐ or an Alumina‐Supported System?
Authors: Le Roux Erwan , Taoufik Mostafa , Baudouin Anne , Copéret Christophe , Thivolle‐Cazat Jean , Basset Jean‐Marie , Maunders Barry M. , Sunley Glenn J. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractGrafting of [W(C‐t‐Bu)(CH2‐t‐Bu)3] (1) on silica‐alumina partially dehydroxylated at 500 °C generates a surface complex [(SiO)W(C‐t‐Bu)(CH2‐t‐Bu)3] (2) as evidenced by mass balance analysis, IR, and NMR spectroscopy. Upon treatment of this species under H2, a tungsten hydride derivative, [(SiO)(EO)W(H)x] (3), (E=Si or Al), is formed. Both of these complexes are active as alkane metathesis catalysts. The activity of this hydride is similar to that observed for the tungsten hydride‐supported on alumina and much greater than that obtained on silica. Noteworthy are the selectivities in higher alkane homologues, that is Cn+1>Cn+2, which are fully consistent with olefin metathesis being the key homologation process.
Selective C‐6 Prenylation of Flavonoids via Europium(III)‐ Catalyzed Claisen Rearrangement and Cross‐Metathesis
Authors: Tischer Sandra , Metz Peter 
Published: January 2007

AbstractStarting from the readily available parent flavonoids, the flavanone 6‐prenylnaringenin, the isoflavone 6‐prenylgenistein (wighteone, erythrinin B) and a protected derivative of the flavonol 6‐prenylquercetin (gancaonin P) have been synthesized in short reaction sequences featuring the title processes as key steps.
Cross‐Linkers for Improved High Temperature Performance of ROMP Adhesives
Authors: Keck Christopher G. , Kendall Jonathan L. , Caster Kenneth C. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractRing‐opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) has been shown to be an effective methodology to make adhesive bonds between various substrates. Excellent adhesion has been demonstrated on a variety of substrates including post‐vulcanized elastomers, polyolefins, and metals. Strong adhesion results when one substrate surface is coated with the metathesis catalyst and the other substrate surface is coated with a ROMPable monomer. Concerns over using ROMP‐based adhesion in dynamic applications where the bond‐line could experience higher‐than‐ambient temperatures prompted this investigation. In this report, a variety of bis‐norbornadiene cross‐linkers were used to bond tire carcass, tire tread, post‐vulcanized EPDM, and grit‐blasted steel in a variety of self‐ and cross‐bonded configurations. The resulting bonded assemblies were then evaluated using a 180° peel test in a temperature range from −40 °C to 66 °C at various cross‐linker concentrations. Significant improvements in bond strength were observed at elevated temperature with little detrimental affect on low temperature strengths even at high cross‐linker concentration. Self‐bonding of polyolefins assemblies was also investigated. Addition of a peroxide radical initiator to the initial ROMP formulation and cross‐linking the bonded assembly in a post‐cure reaction was also found to lead to improved high temperature bond strength. Synthetic details for the preparation of several cross‐linkers are reported.
Synthesis of Dihydrofurans and Dihydropyrans with Unsaturated Side Chains Based on Ring Size‐Selective Ring‐Closing Metathesis
Authors: Schmidt Bernd , Nave Stefan 
Published: January 2007

AbstractEnantiomerically pure 1,5‐hexadiene‐3,4‐diol, derived from D‐mannitol in a few steps, may serve as a starting material for enantiopure dihydropyrans and dihydrofurans bearing an unsaturated side chain which is amenable for further synthetic transformations. The synthesis relies on a ring size‐selective ring‐closing metathesis reaction of a triene. Most likely, a catalyst‐directing effect of an allylic hydroxy group is responsible for the selectivity.
Alkyne Metathesis: Catalysts and Synthetic Applications
Authors: Zhang Wei , Moore Jeffrey S. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThere has been rapid progress and growing interest in alkyne metathesis within the past decade. The availability of highly active catalysts as well as their applications in both organic synthesis and polymer chemistry has served to motivate the advancement of this field. In this article, the development of several different metathesis catalysts, including two heterogeneous ones, are reviewed with an emphasis on comparing strengths and weaknesses. In Section 4, the applications of alkyne metathesis to synthesis of natural products, conjugated polymers as well as shape‐persistent macrocycles are discussed. In the last section, a comparison of alkyne metathesis to the well established alkene metathesis is given. Developing an alkyne metathesis catalyst with both high reactivity and robustness to air and moisture remains an unsolved problem of this important and useful reaction.
Probing of the Ligand Anatomy: Effects of the Chelating Alkoxy Ligand Modifications on the Structure and Catalytic Activity of Ruthenium Carbene Complexes
Authors: Barbasiewicz Michał , Bieniek Michał , Michrowska Anna , Szadkowska Anna , Makal Anna , Woźniak Krzysztof , Grela Karol 
Published: January 2007

AbstractStructural modifications of the Hoveyda–Grubbs ruthenium metathesis complex via electronic and structural withdrawing of the chelating alkoxy ligand were investigated. By decreasing the donor properties of the oxygen atom, an acceleration in catalytic activity was achieved based on facilitation of the initiation step. Conformational constraints of the chelating ether linkage led to the unexpected disturbance of the complex geometry and a vast improvement of the activity.
Diastereoselective Synthesis of 2,6‐trans‐Disubstituted Piperidines via Sequential Cross‐Metathesis–Cationic Cyclisation
Authors: Mix Stefan , Blechert Siegfried 
Published: January 2007

AbstractRuthenium‐catalysed cross‐metathesis of protected homoallylamine derivatives with vinyl carbinols furnished allylic alcohols, which underwent stereoconvergent cyclisation to trans‐tetrahydropyridines upon treatment with BF3⋅OEt2. The new methodology was used for the preparation of enantiopure piperidine and indolizidine natural products.
Synthesis of Natural Products and Related Compounds using Enyne Metathesis
Authors: Mori Miwako 
Published: January 2007

AbstractSince the molybdenum and ruthenium carbene complexes 1a and 1b were discovered by Schrock and Grubbs in 1990 and 1992, synthetic organic chemistry has progressed with the use of these complexes as the catalyst for olefin metathesis. It was found that the ruthenium carbene complex was also effective for enyne metathesis, which occurs between an alkene and an alkyne. Intramolecular enyne metathesis gives various cyclic compounds having a 1,3‐diene moiety and cross‐metathesis of an alkene with an alkyne is a useful method for the synthesis of a compound having a diene moiety. Furthermore, dienyne metathesis, ROM of cycloalkenynes or tandem reactions of enyne metathesis have been developed. Using these various enyne metatheses, complicated natural products have been synthesized via novel routes. The syntheses of natural products and related compounds using enyne metathesis are described.
Homobimetallic Ruthenium–N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: Synthesis, Characterization, and Catalytic Applications
Authors: Sauvage Xavier , Borguet Yannick , Noels Alfred F. , Delaude Lionel , Demonceau Albert 
Published: January 2007

AbstractTwo new homobimetallic ruthenium‐arene complexes [(p‐cymene)Ru(μ‐Cl)3RuCl(η2‐C2H4)(L)], where L=1,3‐bis(2,4,6‐trimethylphenyl)imidazolin‐2‐ylidene (3a) or 1,3‐bis(2,4,6‐trimethylphenyl)‐4,5‐dichloroimidazolin‐2‐ylidene (3b), were isolated in high yields upon heating a toluene solution of [RuCl2(p‐cymene)]2 with 1 equivalent of carbene ligand under an ethylene atmosphere. They were characterized by NMR and TGA. Their catalytic activity was investigated in the atom transfer radical polymerization of vinyl monomers. In the polymerization of methyl methacrylate, complex 3a displayed faster reaction rates than 3b and the related phosphine‐based complex 2a (L=tricyclohexylphosphine), although control was more effective with the latter catalyst. When n‐butyl acrylate or styrene served as monomer, a major shift of reactivity was observed between complex 2a that promoted controlled radical polymerization, and complexes 3a or 3b that favored metathetical coupling. Further homocoupling experiments with various styrene derivatives confirmed the outstanding aptitude of complex 3a (and to a lesser extent of 3b) to catalyze olefin metathesis reactions. Contrary to monometallic ruthenium‐arene complexes of the [RuCl2(p‐cymene)(L)] type, the new homobimetallic species did not require the addition of a diazo compound or visible light illumination to initiate the ring‐opening metathesis of norbornene or cyclooctene. When α,ω‐dienes were exposed to 3a or 3b, a mixture of cycloisomerization and ring‐closing metathesis products was obtained in a non‐selective way. Addition of a terminal alkyne co‐catalyst enhanced the metathetical activity while completely repressing the cycloisomerization process. Thus, quantitative conversions of diethyl 2,2‐diallylmalonate and N,N‐diallyltosylamide were achieved within 2 h at room temperature using 2 mol % of catalyst precursor 3 a and 6 mol % of phenylacetylene.
Copper deficiency causes reversible myelodysplasia
Authors: Huff Jason D. , Keung Yi‐Kong , Thakuri Mohan , Beaty Micheal W. , Hurd David D. , Owen John , Molnár István 
Published: January 2007

AbstractCopper deficiency is a recognized but often overlooked cause of anemia and neutropenia. We began checking serum copper levels on patients referred for evaluation for unexplained anemia and neutropenia or myelodysplasia. Eight patients were identified as copper deficient (serum copper less than 70 μg/dL). The anemia was normochromic and normocytic in seven patients. Neutropenia was present in seven patients. Seven patients had been referred for evaluation of myelodysplasia. Three were seen for consideration for allogenic stem cell transplant. Five patients had concomitant peripheral neurological symptoms. Seven patients were treated with oral copper gluconate. All treated patients demonstrated a hematological response; seven had a complete remission. The improvement in anemia and neutropenia was rapid with normalization of blood counts within three to four weeks. In one patient, normalization of the underlying marrow dysplasia was demonstrated by bone marrow histology eight months after copper replacement. The cause of copper deficiency was felt to be gastrointestinal malabsorption in five of our patients. We conclude that copper deficiency should be considered in all patients with unexplained anemia and neutropenia or myelodysplasia. Am. J. Hematol., 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The addition of decision support into computerized physician order entry reduces red blood cell transfusion resource utilization in the intensive care unit
Authors: Pérez Evans R. Fernández , Winters Jeffrey L. , Gajic Ognjen 
Published: January 2007

AbstractComputerized physician order entry (CPOE) has the potential for cost containment in critically ill patients through practice standardization and elimination of unnecessary interventions. Previous study demonstrated the beneficial short‐term effect of adding a decision support for red blood cell (RBC) transfusion into the hospital CPOE. We evaluated the effect of such intervention on RBC resource utilization during the two‐year study period. From the institutional APACHE III database we identified 2,200 patients with anemia, but no active bleeding on admission: 1,100 during a year before and 1,100 during a year after the intervention. The mean number of RBC transfusions per patient decreased from 1.5 ± 1.9 units to 1.3 ± 1.8 units after the intervention (P = 0.045). RBC transfusion cost decreased from $616,442 to $556,226 after the intervention. Hospital length of stay and adjusted hospital mortality did not differ before and after protocol implementation. In conclusion, the implementation of an evidenced‐based decision support system through a CPOE can decrease RBC transfusion resource utilization in critically ill patients. Am. J. Hematol., 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Tricho‐hepato‐enteric syndrome: A case of hemochromatosis with intractable diarrhea, dysmorphic features, and hair abnormality
Authors: Dweikat Imad , Sultan Mutaz , Maraqa Nizar , Hindi Tareq , Abu‐Rmeileh Sara , Abu‐Libdeh Bassam 
Published: January 2007

AbstractWe report on a female infant with congenital iron storage disease, facial dysmorphism, intractable diarrhea, and hair abnormalities. The intractable diarrhea failed to resolve despite total parenteral nutrition and complete bowel rest for more than 3 weeks. The patient also had elevated liver enzymes and failure to thrive. Histopathologic examination of the liver revealed marked iron deposits in hepatocytes with portal edema, fibrosis, and septal formation. No metabolic abnormalities could be detected. She died at the age of 10 months. We suggest that this case could have a specific iron storage syndrome that is similar to the two sibs reported by Stankler et al. [1982; Arch Dis Child 57:212–216] and Verloes et al. [1997; Am J Med Genet 68:391–395]. The condition was called the tricho‐hepato‐enteric (THE) syndrome. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.