bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE PARTICULARITY OF JESUS AND THE TIME OF THE KINGDOM: PHILOSOPHY AND THEOLOGY IN YODER
Authors: BARBER DANIEL 
Published: January 2007

AbstractJohn Howard Yoder's work, while appreciated in many respects, is not generally read in a philosophical register. This essay attempts to alter this situation by proposing a relation between his theology and a philosophy of particularity. The project articulates a logic of Jesus that is independent from and antagonistic towards the Powers. This logic is resolutely secular, revolutionary, and creative. I contend that Jesus' “equality with God” amounts to a radical affirmation of history and temporality. Yoder's work is presented as a zone of interference, a particular vantage from which a simultaneous practice of philosophy and theology becomes possible.
ROGER HAIGHT'S MEDIATING CHRISTOLOGY
Authors: BUCKLEY JAMES J. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractRoger Haight's Christology is an instance of distinctively modern Vermittlungstheologie, to be distinguished from biblical or traditional versions of mediation because it employs an apologetic method to restore putatively lost Christological immediacies. In so far as such a theology seek to communicate (mediate) Christian doctrine “in a language of commonly shared principles”, it cannot do justice to Jesus Christ's singularity—although the best way to further criticize any mediating Christology would be by developing an alternative neither traditionalist, modernist, or mediating.
Emotion facilitates action: A transcranial magnetic stimulation study of motor cortex excitability during picture viewing
Authors: Hajcak Greg , Molnar Christine , George Mark S. , Bolger Kelly , Koola Jejo , Nahas Ziad 
Published: January 2007

AbstractEmotional stimuli capture attention, receive increased perceptual processing resources, and alter peripheral reflexes. In the present study, we examined whether emotional stimuli would modulate the magnitude of the motor evoked potential (MEP) elicited in the abductor pollicus brevis muscle by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) delivered to the motor cortex. The electromyogram (EMG) was recorded from 16 participants while they viewed six blocks of pleasant, neutral, and unpleasant images; 36 TMS pulses at increasing intensities were delivered during each block. The TMS‐induced MEP was reliably larger while participants viewed pleasant and unpleasant compared to neutral images. There were no differences in the pre‐TMS EMG activity as a function of emotional stimuli. Thus, viewing arousing stimuli, regardless of valence, increased motor cortex excitability. Implications and directions for future research are discussed.
A peroxynitrite decomposition catalyst: FeTPPS confers cardioprotection during reperfusion after cardioplegic arrest in a working isolated rat heart model
Authors: Lauzier Benjamin , Sicard Pierre , Bouchot Olivier , Delemasure Stéphanie , Moreau Daniel , Vergely Catherine , Rochette Luc 
Published: January 2007

AbstractHeart transplant is considered to be an extremely severe ischemia–reperfusion sequence. Post‐ischemic dysfunction triggers multiple processes especially oxidative stress, but the mechanisms remain unclear. Free radical interactions lead to peroxynitrite generation, which seems to be involved in early post‐transplant heart failure. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential impact of a peroxynitrite decomposition catalyst: FeTPPS (5,10,15,20‐tetrakis‐[4‐sulfonatophenyl]‐porphyrinato‐fer[III]) and pyruvate on myocardial functional recovery after cardioplegic arrest using an experimental protocol in rat hearts. Isolated working rat hearts were subjected to ischemia (4 h at 4 °C in cardioplegic solutions), followed by 45 min of reperfusion. Four groups were constituted: control, pyruvate: (2 mm) added to cardioplegic and Ringer–lactate solutions, FeTPPS: (10 μm) perfused during the reperfusion, and a combination of both treatments. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity was assessed during the reperfusion to evaluate the level of cardiac injury. Oxidative stress was evaluated on heart slices using a fluorescent probe: dihydroethidium, and the collagen content was assessed using picro‐Sirius coloration. Global post‐ischemic recovery in the control group was about 35% of pre‐ischemic values. Results showed that addition of pyruvate led to an increase in myocardial function and to a decrease in LDH activity released during the reperfusion. FeTPPS protected against injury after cardioplegic arrest during reperfusion. No additive effect of the two treatments (pyruvate + FeTPPS) was observed. The collagen content was better preserved in the FeTPPS group than in the control and pyruvate groups. In conclusion, this study shows that peroxynitrite plays an important role in the functional and cellular alterations associated with cardiac ischemia–reperfusion sequences and confirms that pyruvate helped to preserve myocardial function. The use of the peroxynitrite decomposition catalyst (FeTPPS) may help to improve myocardial preservation during a prolonged ischemia sequence.
Lifespan extension by conditions that inhibit translation in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Hansen Malene , Taubert Stefan , Crawford Douglas , Libina Nataliya , Lee Seung‐Jae , Kenyon Cynthia 
Published: January 2007

SummaryMany conditions that shift cells from states of nutrient utilization and growth to states of cell maintenance extend lifespan. We have carried out a systematic lifespan analysis of conditions that inhibit protein synthesis. We find that reducing the levels of ribosomal proteins, ribosomal‐protein S6 kinase or translation‐initiation factors increases the lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans. These perturbations, as well as inhibition of the nutrient sensor target of rapamycin (TOR), which is known to increase lifespan, all increase thermal‐stress resistance. Thus inhibiting translation may extend lifespan by shifting cells to physiological states that favor maintenance and repair. Interestingly, different types of translation inhibition lead to one of two mutually exclusive outputs, one that increases lifespan and stress resistance through the transcription factor DAF‐16/FOXO, and one that increases lifespan and stress resistance independently of DAF‐16. Our findings link TOR, but not sir‐2.1, to the longevity response induced by dietary restriction (DR) in C. elegans, and they suggest that neither TOR inhibition nor DR extends lifespan simply by reducing protein synthesis.
A steroid hormone that extends the lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Broué Florence , Liere Philippe , Kenyon Cynthia , Baulieu Etienne‐Emile 
Published: January 2007

SummaryRemoving the germline of Caenorhabditis elegans extends lifespan. This lifespan extension requires the nuclear receptor DAF‐12 and the cytochrome P450 DAF‐9, suggesting that a lipophilic hormone is involved. Here we show that C. elegans contains several hormonal steroids that are also present in humans, including pregnenolone (3β‐hydroxy‐pregn‐5‐en‐20‐one; PREG) and other pregnane and androstane derivatives. We find that PREG can extend the lifespan of C. elegans. Moreover, PREG levels rise when the germline is removed in a daf‐9‐dependent fashion. PREG extends the lifespan of germline‐defective daf‐9 mutants dramatically, but has no effect on daf‐12 mutants. Thus, germline removal may extend lifespan, at least in part, by stimulating the synthesis of PREG.
President Bush: Talk to Kim Jong II
Authors: JUNG KIM DAE 
Published: January 2007

Never before in history have China and Japan been great powers at the same time. Today they must figure out how to live together as equals. The promise of mutual prosperity ties them together; the remembrance of bad things past pushes them apart.If that wary dance were not complicated enough, a nuclear provocateur from neighboring North Korea intrudes. A legendary figure of Japan's post‐war miracle, Tsuneo Watanabe, weighs in on these big questions. Hans Blix, a former UN arms inspector and the former South Korean prime minister and Nobel laureate, Kim Dae Jung, address the North Korean conundrum.
US Holds Key to Non‐Proliferation
Authors: BLIX HANS 
Published: January 2007

Never before in history have China and Japan been great powers at the same time. Today they must figure out how to live together as equals. The promise of mutual prosperity ties them together; the remembrance of bad things past pushes them apart.If that wary dance were not complicated enough, a nuclear provocateur from neighboring North Korea intrudes. A legendary figure of Japan's post‐war miracle, Tsuneo Watanabe, weighs in on these big questions. Hans Blix, a former UN arms inspector and the former South Korean prime minister and Nobel laureate, Kim Dae Jung, address the North Korean conundrum.
The Locusts of Corruption
Authors: JINGSHENG WEI 
Published: January 2007

Never before in history have China and Japan been great powers at the same time. Today they must figure out how to live together as equals. The promise of mutual prosperity ties them together; the remembrance of bad things past pushes them apart.If that wary dance were not complicated enough, a nuclear provocateur from neighboring North Korea intrudes. A legendary figure of Japan's post‐war miracle, Tsuneo Watanabe, weighs in on these big questions. Hans Blix, a former UN arms inspector and the former South Korean prime minister and Nobel laureate, Kim Dae Jung, address the North Korean conundrum.
Validation of the Korean version of the oral health impact profile among the Korean elderly
Authors: Bae Kwang‐Hak , Kim Hyun‐Duck , Jung Se‐Hwan , Park Deok‐Young , Kim Jin‐Bom , Paik Dai‐Il , Chung Sung‐Chang 
Published: January 2007

Abstract –  Objectives:  This study aimed to validate a Korean version of the oral health impact profile (OHIP) and to develop a short‐form of OHIP for the Korean elderly.Methods:  The original English version of OHIP was translated into Korean using a forward‐backward method. Internal consistency was measured by Cronbach's alpha among 1098 subjects aged 56 or more. Test‐retest reliability was assessed by intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) with a 3‐month interval among 155 subjects aged 57 or more. The validity of the Korean version of OHIP (OHIP‐K) was assessed by comparing OHIP scores with the perceived dental treatment needs and by identifying associations between OHIP scores and the number of natural teeth among 128 subjects aged 54 or more. The short‐form of OHIP for the Korean elderly (OHIP‐14K) was developed using linear regression models and was also validated and compared with the short‐form of OHIP by Slade (OHIP‐14S).Results:  The Cronbach's alpha value for OHIP‐K was 0.97. The ICC for OHIP‐K was 0.64. Adults with perceived dental treatment needs had a higher OHIP score than adults without any such needs (P < 0.001). The number of natural teeth was negatively associated with the OHIP score (r = −0.44, P < 0.001). OHIP‐14K and OHIP‐14S shared seven identical items out of a total of 14 items. OHIP‐14K results correlated with OHIP‐K almost exactly (r2 = 0.96), as did OHIP‐14S (r2 = 0.95).Conclusions:  OHIP‐K showed excellent reliability and validity. OHIP‐14S may be a better choice for the evaluation of oral health‐related quality of life among the Korean elderly for an international comparison.
Effects of endurance training status and sex differences on Na+,K+‐pump mRNA expression, content and maximal activity in human skeletal muscle
Authors: Murphy K. T. , Aughey R. J. , Petersen A. C. , Clark S. A. , Goodman C. , Hawley J. A. , Cameron‐Smith D. , Snow R. J. , McKenna M. J. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractAim:  This study investigated the effects of endurance training status and sex differences on skeletal muscle Na+,K+‐pump mRNA expression, content and activity.Methods:  Forty‐five endurance‐trained males (ETM), 11 recreationally active males (RAM), and nine recreationally active females (RAF) underwent a vastus lateralis muscle biopsy. Muscle was analysed for Na+,K+‐pump α1, α2, α3, β1, β2 and β3 isoform mRNA expression (real‐time reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction), content ([3H]‐ouabain‐binding site) and maximal activity (3‐O‐methylfluorescein phosphatase, 3‐O‐MFPase).Results:  ETM demonstrated lower α1, α3, β2 and β3 mRNA expression by 74%, 62%, 70% and 82%, respectively, than RAM (P < 0.04). In contrast, [3H]‐ouabain binding and 3‐O‐MFPase activity were each higher in ETM than in RAM, by 16% (P < 0.03). RAM demonstrated a 230% and 364% higher α3 and β3 mRNA expression than RAF, respectively (P < 0.05), but no significant sex differences were found for α1, α2, β1 or β2 mRNA, [3H]‐ouabain binding or 3‐O‐MFPase activity. No significant correlation was found between years of endurance training and either [3H]‐ouabain binding or 3‐O‐MFPase activity. Significant but weak correlations were found between the number of training hours per week and 3‐O‐MFPase activity (r = 0.31, P < 0.02) and between incremental exercise O2(peak) and both [3H]‐ouabain binding (r = 0.33, P < 0.01) and 3‐O‐MFPase activity (r = 0.28, P < 0.03).Conclusions:  Isoform‐specific differences in Na+,K+‐pump mRNA expression were found with both training status and sex differences, but only training status influenced Na+,K+‐pump content and maximal activity in human skeletal muscle.
Effects of 20‐day bed rest with and without strength training on postural sway during quiet standing
Authors: Kouzaki M. , Masani K. , Akima H. , Shirasawa H. , Fukuoka H. , Kanehisa H. , Fukunaga T. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractAim:  To examine the effect of unweighting as a possible contributory factor to a reduced calf muscle volume on postural sway during quiet standing, changes in postural sway following bed rest with or without strength training were investigated.Methods:  Twelve young men participated in a 20‐day bed‐rest study. Subjects were divided into a non‐training group (BR‐Con) and a strength training group (BR‐Tr). For the BR‐Tr group, training was comprised of dynamic calf‐raise and leg‐press exercises to maintain the muscle volume of the plantar flexors. Before and after bed rest, subjects maintained quiet standing in a barefoot position on a force platform with their eyes open or closed. During the quiet stance, foot centre‐of‐pressure (CoP) and the mean velocity of CoP was calculated. Muscle volume of the plantar flexors was computed using axial magnetic resonance images of the leg.Results:  After the bed‐rest period, the muscle volume decreased in the BR‐Con group but not in the BR‐Tr group. The mean velocity of CoP as an assessment of postural sway, however, increased in both groups. These results indicate that the strength training during bed rest cannot counteract the increase in postural sway.Conclusion:  We concluded that postural sway increases following 20 days of bed rest despite maintenance of the muscle volume of plantar flexors as the main working muscles for the human postural standing.
Genetic diversity decreases as population density declines: Implications of temporal variation in mitochondrial haplotype frequencies in a natural population of Tscherskia triton
Authors: XIE Jiayan , ZHANG Zhibin 
Published: January 2007

AbstractAlthough the spatial genetic differentiation that occurs in animal populations has been extensively studied, information on temporal variations in genetic structure and diversity is still lacking, especially for animals with oscillating populations. In the present study, we used the mtDNA D‐loop sequence to assess the temporal genetic variation in samples from six successive years for the greater long‐tailed hamster, Tscherskia triton. Sampling was carried out between 1998 and 2003 in cropland on the North China Plain, China. A total of 108 individuals were analyzed. The temporal samples showed a high level of genetic diversity. Substantial genetic changes in haplotype frequencies over time were detected for the hamster population. Random genetic drift and migration are likely to be the major factors responsible for the observed temporal pattern. The genetic diversity of the hamster population was higher in years with higher population density, and lower in years with lower population density. The result supports our hypothesis that genetic diversity decreases when population density declines in animals whose population oscillates greatly between years. The combined effects of inbreeding and genetic drift caused by reproduction, dispersal and population size might play important roles in the observed changes in genetic structure and diversity between years.
Heat-inducible in vivo gene therapy of colon carcinoma by human mdr1 promoter–regulated tumor necrosis factor-α expression
Authors: Walther Wolfgang , Arlt Franziska , Fichtner Iduna , Aumann Jutta , Stein Ulrike , Schlag Peter M. 
Published: January 2007

Abstract
The promoter of the human multidrug resistance gene (mdr1) harbors defined heat-responsive elements, which could be exploited for construction of heat-inducible expression vectors. To analyze the hyperthermia inducibility of the mdr1 promoter in vitro and in vivo, we used the pcDNA3-mdrp-hTNF vector construct for heat-induced tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) expression in transfected HCT116 human colon carcinoma cells at mRNA level by quantitative real-time reverse transcription-PCR and at protein level by TNF-α ELISA. For the in vitro studies, the pcDNA3-mdrp-hTNF–transfected tumor cells were treated with hyperthermia at 43°C for 2 h. In the animal studies, stably transfected or in vivo jet-injected tumor-bearing Ncr:nu/nu mice were treated for 60 min at 42°C to induce TNF-α expression. Both the in vitro and in vivo experiments show that hyperthermia activates the mdr1 promoter in a temperature- and time-dependent manner, leading to an up to 4-fold increase in mdr1 promoter–driven TNF-α expression at mRNA and an up to 3-fold increase at protein level. The in vivo heat-induced TNF-α expression combined with Adriamycin (8 mg/kg) treatment leads to the inhibition of tumor growth in the animals. These experiments support the idea that heat-induced mdr1 promoter–driven expression of therapeutic genes is efficient and feasible for combined cancer gene therapy approaches. [Mol Cancer Ther 2007;6(1):236–43]
Disrupting insulin-like growth factor signaling as a potential cancer therapy
Authors: Sachdev Deepali , Yee Douglas 
Published: January 2007

Abstract
The type I insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-IR) plays multiple roles in several cancers and increased circulating levels of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) are associated with increased risk of breast, colon, and prostate cancers. Because IGF-II and insulin signal via the insulin receptor (IR) to stimulate the growth of cancer cells, inhibition of IR might be necessary to totally disrupt the action of IGFs and their receptors. This review describes the well-recognized roles of IGF-IR in driving the malignant phenotype, examines the evidence that perhaps IR should also be targeted to inhibit the effects of the IGF ligands and insulin in cancer, describes the strategies to disrupt IGF signaling in cancer, and highlights some key issues that need to be considered as clinical trials targeting IGF-IR proceed. [Mol Cancer Ther 2007;6(1):1–12]
Prodigiosin induces the proapoptotic gene NAG-1 via glycogen synthase kinase-3β activity in human breast cancer cells
Authors: Soto-Cerrato Vanessa , Viñals Francesc , Lambert James R. , Kelly Julie A. , Pérez-Tomás Ricardo 
Published: January 2007

Abstract
Prodigiosin (2-methyl-3-pentyl-6-methoxyprodigiosene) is a bacterial metabolite that has anticancer and antimetastatic properties. However, the molecular mechanisms responsible for these abilities are not fully understood. Gene expression profiling of the human breast cancer cell line MCF-7 treated with prodigiosin was analyzed by cDNA array technology. The majority of the significantly modified genes were related to apoptosis, cell cycle, cellular adhesion, or transcription regulation. The dramatic increase of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-activated gene 1 (NAG-1) made this gene an interesting candidate regarding the possible mechanism by which prodigiosin induces cytotoxicity in MCF-7 cells. Our results show that prodigiosin triggers accumulation of the DNA-damage response tumor-suppressor protein p53 but that NAG-1 induction was independent of p53 accumulation. Moreover, prodigiosin caused AKT dephosphorylation and glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) activation, which correlated with NAG-1 expression. Prodigiosin-induced apoptosis was recovered by inhibiting GSK-3β, which might be due, at least in part, to the blockade of the GSK-3β–dependent up-regulation of death receptors 4 and 5 expression. These findings suggest that prodigiosin-mediated GSK-3β activation is a key event in regulating the molecular pathways that trigger the apoptosis induced by this anticancer agent. [Mol Cancer Ther 2007;6(1):362–9]
Cell cycle phenotype-based optimization of G2-abrogating peptides yields CBP501 with a unique mechanism of action at the G2 checkpoint
Authors: Sha Shi-Ken , Sato Takuji , Kobayashi Hidetaka , Ishigaki Machiyo , Yamamoto Sayaka , Sato Hitoshi , Takada Asako , Nakajyo Sigetosi , Mochizuki Yasuo , Friedman Jonathan M. , Cheng Fong-Chi , Okura Takashi , Kimura Ryohei , Kufe Donald W. , VonHoff Daniel D. , Kawabe Takumi 
Published: January 2007

Abstract
Cell cycle G2 checkpoint abrogation is an attractive strategy for sensitizing cancer cells to DNA-damaging anticancer agent without increasing adverse effects on normal cells. However, there is no single proven molecular target for this therapeutic approach. High-throughput screening for molecules inhibiting CHK1, a kinase that is essential for the G2 checkpoint, has not yet yielded therapeutic G2 checkpoint inhibitors, and the tumor suppressor phenotypes of ATM and CHK2 suggest they may not be ideal targets. Here, we optimized two G2 checkpoint-abrogating peptides, TAT-S216 and TAT-S216A, based on their ability to reduce G2 phase accumulation of DNA-damaged cells without affecting M phase accumulation of cells treated with a microtubule-disrupting compound. This approach yielded a peptide CBP501, which has a unique, focused activity against molecules that phosphorylate Ser216 of CDC25C, including MAPKAP-K2, C-Tak1, and CHK1. CBP501 is &gt;100-fold more potent than TAT-S216A and retains its selectivity for cancer cells. CBP501 is unusually stable, enters cells rapidly, and increases the cytotoxicity of DNA-damaging anticancer drugs against cancer cells without increasing adverse effects. These findings highlight the potency of CBP501 as a G2-abrogating drug candidate. This report also shows the usefulness of the cell cycle phenotype-based protocol for identifying G2 checkpoint-abrogating compounds as well as the potential of peptide-based compounds as focused multitarget inhibitors. [Mol Cancer Ther 2007;6(1):147–53]