bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental Analysis of Multiphase Flow in Metallic foam: Flow Laws, Heat Transfer and Convective Boiling
Authors: Topin F. , Bonnet J.‐P. , Madani B. , Tadrist L. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe first part of this work deals with flow laws of gas, liquid and mixtures in metallic foam. This experimental work is based on the stationary pressure profile measurement in a channel filled with metallic foam of several grades or materials for several controlled flow rates. Several foam samples with different characteristics (10, 40, 60, 100 ppi) of copper and of nickel are studied. In single‐phase conditions, we evaluate the permeability and inertial the coefficient according to the Forchheimer model. In the gas flow case, compressibility effects are taken into account. Emphasis is given on the relative contributions of inertial and viscous effects. The specific behavior linked to compressibility effect is thoroughly studied. The adiabatic (air‐water) conditions are analyzed; the results are reported in term of biphasic multipliers according to a simple homogeneous model, to study the impact of foam texture and gas quality on flow laws. Several aspects of the two‐phase flow case (i.e. liquid‐vapor) are discussed: phase repartition, pressure drops, characteristic boiling curve …. In single phase conditions, the heat transfer coefficient was improved by two orders of magnitude with the presence of metallic foam with only a limited increase in pressure drop. In biphasic conditions, the study of convective boiling regime also showed significant heat transfer enhancement with very low‐pressure drops. A simple one dimensional homogeneous model was used and allows a good description of global flow behavior across the test section.
Cover Picture: Templated Fabrication of Nanowire and Nanoring Arrays Based on Interference Lithography and Electrochemical Deposition (Adv. Mater. 19/2006)
Authors: Ji R. , Lee W. , Scholz R. , Gösele U. , Nielsch K. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractOn p. 2593, Ji and co‐workers report on a novel fabrication technique for ideally ordered lateral nanowire and nanoring arrays based on interference lithography and electrochemical deposition. This approach allows the fabrication of metallic and semiconductor nanowire or nanoring arrays over wafer‐scale areas and provides flexible control over shape, arrangement, and thickness of the nanowires and nanorings. The cover shows templated electrodeposited elliptical nanoring arrays and a cross‐section of electrodeposited nanowires.
STR‐PEM fuel cell as a reactor building block
Authors: Chia Ee‐Sunn J. , Benziger Jay B. , Kevrekidis Ioannis G. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe dynamics of the stirred tank reactor polymer electrolyte membrane (STR‐PEM) fuel cell arise from the balance between water production and water removal within the cell. This results in STR‐PEM fuel cell steady‐state multiplicity, remarkably analogous to that of an autocatalytic exothermic STR. Model flooding effects in the cathodeside catalyst/gas diffusion layer by accounting for relevant mass‐transport processes is presented. We use the resulting STR‐PEM fuel cell model as a building block to construct approximations of more conventional integral (plug flow) type fuel‐cell reactors. This approach bypasses more complicated, distributed gas diffusion layer models. Connecting several STR‐PEM fuel cells in series, the effects of four operating parameters (temperature, external load resistance, inlet hydrogen and inlet oxygen flow rates) on the current evolution in each tank can be monitored and rationalized. © 2006 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2006
Modeling of fluidized bed reactors with two reaction zones
Authors: Gascón Jorge , Téllez Carlos , Herguido Javier , Jakobsen Hugo A. , Menéndez Miguel 
Published: September 2006

AbstractIn the present work, a mathematical model is presented for simulating fluidized bed reactors with two zones. Two reactions have been chosen as being representative of the two main uses of this kind of catalytic reactors: propane dehydrogenation and n‐butane partial oxidation. The experimental data obtained in a bench scale plant have been simulated using the same fluid‐dynamic model for both reactions, based generally on the description of the three‐phase model and kinetic models previously developed. By applying those models, most of the trends experimentally checked can be well forecast, gaining a better understanding of the behavior of reactors and reactions. On the other hand, some parameters that could not be determined experimentally, such as the velocity of solid circulation or the oxidation state of the VPO catalyst, turned out to be among the most important reactor‐related variables. © 2006 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2006
Design of chromatographic multicomponent separation by a pseudo‐simulated moving bed
Authors: Borges da Silva Eduardo A. , Rodrigues Alírio E. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe continuous chromatographic separation of multicomponent mixtures using a pseudo‐simulated moving bed illustrated by Japan Organo (JO) technology has been studied. The behavior and performance of a system operating with this technology have been described by an algorithm that simulates its operating cycle: chromatographic fixed‐bed process in step 1 and simulated moving bed process in step 2. To design a four‐section JO system some concepts were presented and two strategies were developed to set the operating conditions of the system in the case of mixtures with linear adsorption isotherms for each species. The influence of operating parameters in separating the mixtures was addressed and improvements in both productivity and eluent consumption have been achieved. The four‐section JO system has been applied to a set of ternary mixtures with different degrees of separation difficulty to analyze its performance. A novel extension of the JO system with five sections has been designed for quaternary separations and high‐purity species can be collected for a case of “moderately difficult” linear separation. © 2006 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2006
Improved cardiac function in infarcted mice after treatment with pluripotent embryonic stem cells
Authors: Nelson Timothy J. , Ge Zhi‐Dong , Van Orman Jordan , Barron Matthew , Rudy‐Reil Diane , Hacker Timothy A. , Misra Ravi , Duncan Stephen A. , Auchampach John A. , Lough John W. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractBecause pluripotent embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are able to differentiate into any tissue, they are attractive agents for tissue regeneration. Although improvement of cardiac function has been observed after transplantation of pluripotent ESCs, the extent to which these effects reflect ESC‐mediated remuscularization, revascularization, or paracrine mechanisms is unknown. Moreover, because ESCs may generate teratomas, the ability to predict the outcome of cellular differentiation, especially when transplanting pluripotent ESCs, is essential; conversely, a requirement to use predifferentiated ESCs would limit their application to highly characterized subsets that are available in limited numbers. In the experiments reported here, we transplanted low numbers of two murine ESC lines, respectively engineered to express a β‐galactosidase gene from either a constitutive (elongation factor) or a cardiac‐specific (α‐myosin heavy chain) promoter, into infarcted mouse myocardium. Although ESC‐derived tumors formed within the pericardial space in 21% of injected hearts, lacZ histochemistry revealed that engraftment of ESC was restricted to the ischemic myocardium. Echocardiographic monitoring of ESC‐injected hearts that did not form tumors revealed functional improvements by 4 weeks postinfarction, including significant increases in ejection fraction, circumferential fiber shortening velocity, and peak mitral blood flow velocity. These experiments indicate that the infarcted myocardial environment can support engraftment and cardiomyogenic differentiation of pluripotent ESCs, concomitant with partial functional recovery. Anat Rec Part A, 288A:1216–1224, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
On undesirable consequences of thinking: framing effects as a function of substantive processing
Authors: Igou Eric R. , Bless Herbert 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThree studies investigate the impact of effortful constructive processing on framing effects. The results replicated previous findings: Participants avoided the risky option when the scenario was framed in terms of gains, but preferred this option when the scenario was framed in terms of losses. Importantly, framing effects were most pronounced when conditions allowed for an effortful constructive processing style (i.e., substantive processing). This impact of decision frames varied when decision time served as an indicator for the elaboration extent (Study 1), and also when processing motivation (accountability; Study 2) and processing ability (decision time; Study 3) were manipulated. Moreover, effortful processing did not increase framing effects when contextual cues reduced the necessity for constructive thinking (Study 1). We suggest that decision frames may take on very different roles as a function of the ambiguity of the decision problem, and the degree and style of processing. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
No apoptosis is induced in rat cortical neurons exposed to GSM phone fields
Authors: Joubert Vanessa , Leveque Philippe , Cueille Marylene , Bourthoumieu Sylvie , Yardin Catherine 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the radiofrequency (RF) electromagnetic fields (EMF) effects on neuronal apoptosis in vitro. Primary cultured neurons from cortices of embryonic Wistar rats were exposed to a 900‐MHz global system for mobile communication (GSM) RF field for 24 h in a wire‐patch cell. The average‐specific absorption rate (SAR) used was 0.25 W/kg. Apoptosis rate was assessed immediately or 24 h after exposure using three methods: (i) DAPI staining; (ii) flow cytometry using double staining with TdT‐mediated dUTP nick‐end labeling (TUNEL) and propidium iodide (PI); and (iii) measurement of caspase‐3 activity by fluorimetry. No statistically significant difference in the apoptosis rate was observed between controls and 24 h GSM‐exposed neurons, either 0 h or 24 h post‐exposure. All three methods used to assess apoptosis were concordant. These results showed that, under the conditions of experiment used, GSM‐exposure does not significantly increase the apoptosis rate in rat primary neuronal cultures. This work is in accordance with other studies performed on cell lines and, to our knowledge, is the first one performed on cultured cortical neurons. Bioelectromagnetics © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Changes in heart rate variability among RF plastic sealer operators
Authors: Wilén Jonna , Wiklund Urban , Hörnsten Rolf , Sandström Monica 
Published: September 2006

AbstractIn a previous study, we showed that operators of radiofrequency (RF) plastic sealers, RF operators (n = 35) had a lower heart rate during nighttime compared to a control group (n = 37). We have analyzed the heart rate variability (HRV) on the same group of people to better understand the possible underlying rhythm disturbances. We found a significantly increased total HRV and very low frequency (VLF) power during nighttime among the RF operators compared to a control group. Together with our previous finding of a significantly lower heart rate during nighttime among the RF operators compared to the controls, this finding indicates a relative increase in parasympathetic cardiac modulation in RF operators. This could in turn be due to an adaptation of the thermoregulatory system and the cardiac autonomic modulation to a long‐term low‐level thermal exposure in the RF operators. Bioelectromagnetics © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A literature review: The effects of magnetic field exposure on blood flow and blood vessels in the microvasculature
Authors: McKay Julia C. , Prato Frank S. , Thomas Alex W. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe effect of magnetic field (MF) exposure on microcirculation and microvasculature is not clear or widely explored. In the limited body of data that exists, there are contradictions as to the effects of MFs on blood perfusion and pressure. Approximately half of the cited studies indicate a vasodilatory effect of MFs; the remaining half indicate that MFs could trigger either vasodilation or vasoconstriction depending on initial vessel tone. Few studies indicate that MFs cause a decrease in perfusion or no effect. There is a further lack of investigation into the cellular effects of MFs on microcirculation and microvasculature. The role of nitric oxide (NO) in mediating microcirculatory MF effects has been minimally explored and results are mixed, with four studies supporting an increase in NO activity, one supporting a biphasic effect, and five indicating no effect. MF effects on angiogenesis are also reported: seven studies supporting an increase and two a decrease. Possible reasons for these contradictions are explored. This review also considers the effects of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and anesthetics on microcirculation. Recommendations for future work include studies aimed at the cellular/mechanistic level, studies involving perfusion measurements both during and post‐exposure, studies testing the effect of MFs on anesthetics, and investigation into the microcirculatory effects of MRI. Bioelectromagnetics © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Simulation of compression refrigeration systems
Authors: Sieres Jaime , Fernández‐Seara José 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThis study presents the main features of a software for simulating vapor compression refrigeration systems that are self designed by the user. A library of 10 different components is available: compressor, expansion device, condenser, evaporator, heat exchanger, flash tank, direct intercooler flash tank, indirect intercooler flash tank, mixer, and splitter. With these components and a library of different refrigerants many different refrigeration systems may be solved. By a user‐friendly interface, the user can draw the system scheme by adding different components, connecting them and entering different input data. Results are presented in the form of tables and the cycle diagram of the system is drawn on the logP–h and T–s thermodynamic charts. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 14: 188–197, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com); DOI 10.1002/cae.20075
RoboKol: A computer program for path planning for redundant and mobile robots
Authors: Conkur Erdinc Sahin 
Published: September 2006

AbstractRedundant manipulators are defined as having an infinite number of solutions to their joint variables. Their many degrees of freedom make them able to determine their configurations to reach the goal point while avoiding obstacles in the workspace. A computer program we named it RoboKol is introduced in this paper, which performs path planning for redundant manipulators and mobile robots using potential field based algorithms. It has been developed in C++ for Windows platforms. Through a friendly user interface, the user can interact with the program and can perform a variety of operations such as drawing obstacles and robots on the screen, obtaining two‐ and three‐dimensional images of the potential field and performing robot simulations. Although RoboKol has originally been developed for research purposes, it is a convenient tool to teach potential fields, path planning for redundant manipulators and mobile robots in engineering education. Comput Appl Eng Educ 14: 198–210, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com); DOI 10.1002/cae.20078
Problematising the discourses of the dominant: whiteness and reconciliation
Authors: Green Meredith J. , Sonn Christopher C. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThis article investigates how unacknowledged power can affect the political actions of those in the dominant group, in this case white Australians. To do this we identify connections between the discourses used by white Australians involved in Reconciliation, the power and privilege of whiteness in Australia, and participants' understandings and actions towards Reconciliation. Using discourse analysis four discourses were identified from interviews and focus groups with white Australians involved in Reconciliation. These were labelled ‘indigenous project’, ‘institutional change’, ‘challenging racism’, and ‘bringing them together’. We argue that understanding the power relations that underlie the political actions of those in dominant positions is critical to ensuring the goals of anti‐racism are achieved. Discourse analysis may allow us to gain a deeper understanding of the power and the potential impacts that may flow from particular positions and how power may be made more visible to the dominant group. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Arizona's teacher education initiative: Aligning high school and college curricula
Authors: St. Arnauld Cheri 
Published: September 2006

AbstractFuture teachers must be more than highly qualified; they must also be highly effective. The state of Arizona is proactively developing partnerships that will ensure that future teachers are ready for the rigorous expectations of the profession. These partnerships have created teacher education pathways that link high schools, community colleges, and public universities.
Systematic and Material Independent Variation of Electrical, Optical, and Chemical Properties of Ln Materials over the Ln Series (Ln: La, Ce, Pr, ..., Lu).
Authors: van der Kolk E. , Dorenbos P. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
On the Origin of the Metallic and Anisotropic Magnetic Properties of NaxCoO2 (x ≈ 0.75).
Authors: Whangbo M.‐H. , Dai D. , Kremer R. K. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Contribution of First‐Principles Energetics to the Ca—Mg Thermodynamic Modeling.
Authors: Zhong Yu , Ozturk Koray , Sofo Jorge O. , Liu Zi‐Kui 
Published: September 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
New Phase in the High‐Al Region of Al—Cr.
Authors: Grushko B. , Przepiorzynski B. , Kowalska‐Strzeciwilk E. , Surowiec M. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Investigation of the Y2Te3—Cu2Te—PbTe System at 870 K and Crystal Structures of the Y7Cu3Te12 and YCu0.264Te2 Compounds.
Authors: Shemet V. Ya. , Gulay L. D. , Stepien‐Damm J. , Pietraszko A. , Olekseyuk I. D. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Syntheses and Crystal Structures of Pb(SeO3)2 and Two Modifications of Sn(SeO3)2.
Authors: Steinhauser Georg , Luef Christoph , Wildner Manfred , Giester Gerald 
Published: September 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
One‐Dimensional Silver(I) Chain of Lacunary α‐Keggin Anions.
Authors: Nogueira Helena I. S. , Paz Filipe A. Almeida , Teixeira Paula A. F. , Klinowski Jacek 
Published: September 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Novel Ambiphilic Dichlorocarbenoid Equivalent in Alkene Cyclopropanation and Carbonyl Olefination.
Authors: Chien Ching‐Ting , Tsai Chia‐Chung , Tsai Chi‐Hui , Chang Tsai‐Yuan , Tsai Ping‐Kuei , Wang Ying‐Chuan , Yan Tu‐Hsin 
Published: September 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Oxidation of Sulfides with Pyridinium Tribromide in the Presence of Hydrated Silica Gel.
Authors: Ali Mohammed Hashmat , Stricklin Susan 
Published: September 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Directed Regioselectivity of Bromination of Ketones with NBS: Solvent‐Free Conditions versus Water.
Authors: Pravst Igor , Zupan Marko , Stavber Stojan 
Published: September 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Strecker Reaction of Aldimines Catalyzed by a Nucleophilic N‐Heterocyclic Carbene.
Authors: Fukuda Yoshimasa , Maeda Yuka , Kondo Kazuhiro , Aoyama Toyohiko 
Published: September 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Iron(III) Triflate‐Catalyzed One‐Pot Synthesis of Acetal‐Type Protected Cyanohydrins from Carbonyl Compounds.
Authors: Iwanami Katsuyuki , Aoyagi Masaru , Oriyama Takeshi 
Published: September 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Improved Solubility and Stability of Trialkylammonium Selenocarboxylate in Organic Solvents for Efficient Amidation with Azides.
Authors: Surabhi Prathima , Wu Xinghua , Hu Longqin 
Published: September 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Useful Reagents for Introduction of Boc and Fmoc Protective Groups to Amines: Boc‐DMT and Fmoc‐DMT.
Authors: Hioki Kazuhito , Kinugasa Mizuho , Koshimoto Michiko , Fujiwara Miho , Tani Shohei , Kunishima Munetaka 
Published: September 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
New Catalytic Methods for the Preparation of Acetals from Alcohols and Aldehydes.
Authors: Li Yonghong , Zhang Xiaojun , Ren Tianrui , Zhou Jiaju 
Published: September 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Oxidative Cleavage of Oximes with Silica Gel Supported Chromic Acid in Nonaqueous Media.
Authors: Ali Mohammed Hashmat , Greene Stacie , Wiggin Candace J. , Khan Saira 
Published: September 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.