bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RF‐MBE growth of cubic InN films on MgO (001) substrates
Authors: Iwahashi Y. , Yaguchi H. , Nishimoto A. , Orihara M. , Hijikata Y. , Yoshida S. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractCubic InN films have been grown on MgO substrates with cubic GaN underlayers by RF‐N2 plasma MBE. By changing the growth conditions, we clarified the growth temperature and In flux dependence of the quality of cubic InN films. It was found the surface of cubic InN films grown at relatively higher temperatures was smooth and that the hexagonal phase content in the InN films decreased with increasing In flux. Based on the findings, we have successfully obtained a c‐InN film with high phase‐purity and a smooth surface. We have carried out micro Raman scattering measurements for the high‐quality cubic InN film. Raman peaks were clearly observed at 596 cm–1 and 467 cm–1, which are attributed to longitudinal optical and transverse optical phonon modes of cubic InN, respectively. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Screening of polarization induced electric fields in blue/violet InGaN/GaN laser diodes by Si doping in quantum barriers revealed by hydrostatic pressure
Authors: Franssen G. , Suski T. , Perlin P. , Bohdan R. , Bercha A. , Trzeciakowski W. , Makarowa I. , Czernecki R. , Leszczyński M. , Grzegory I. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractBy means of hydrostatic pressure‐dependent measurements of the electroluminescence of blue/violet laser diodes with In0.1Ga0.9N/GaN active layers grown on bulk GaN it is shown that at conditions close to lasing threshold full screening of polarization‐induced electric fields (PIEFs) is provided by injected charge. In contrast, in order to achieve PIEF screening at currents much below lasing threshold, Si doping of quantum barriers is seen to be necessary. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Cathodoluminescence properties of InGaN codoped with Zn and Si
Authors: Honda Y. , Yanase Y. , Yamaguchi M. , Sawaki N. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractAn InGaN alloy co‐doped with Zn and Si was grown by metal organic vapor phase epitaxy on a GaN templated silicon substrate and the luminesence (CL) properties are studied by cathodoluminescence spectroscopy. As the result of co‐doping of Zn and Si, the CL intensity was extremely enhanced; enhancement in the peak intensity as well as the full‐width at half maximum. The optimum doping density was estimated to be N(Zn) = 4.0 x 1019/cm3 and N(Si) = 8.0 x 1018/cm3. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Photo‐induced improvement of radiative efficiency and structural changes in GaAsN alloys
Authors: Yaguchi H. , Morioke T. , Aoki T. , Shimizu H. , Hijikata Y. , Yoshida S. , Yoshita M. , Akiyama H. , Usami N. , Aoki D. , Onabe K. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractWe have investigated the excitation power density and nitrogen concentration dependence of the changes in the radiative efficiency of GaAsN alloys to examine the mechanism of the photo‐induced improvement of radiative efficiency. With increasing excitation power density, the radiative efficiency increased more rapidly. The measure of the improvement I after/I before superlinearly increased with increasing nitrogen concentration x up to ∼1%. This suggests that the nonradiative recombination centers eliminated by photoexcitation are not defects formed by a single nitrogen atom but complexes formed by gathering of several nitrogen atoms. Micro Raman study revealed that the GaAs‐like LO mode phonon peak intensity increased with photoexcitation time in a similar way to the increase in the radiative efficiency. Considering that this phenomenon is in a time scale of several seconds, the photo‐induced structural changes correspond not to long range inter‐diffusion but to local changes in atomic configuration which lead to the decrease in the density of nonradiative recombination centers. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Hypolipidemic activity of aqueous extract of Withania coagulans Dunal in albino rats
Authors: Hemalatha S. , Wahi A. K. , Singh P. N. , Chansouria J. P. N. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractAdministration of an aqueous extract of fruits of Withania coagulans (1 g/kg; p.o.) to high fat diet induced hyperlipidemic rats for 7 weeks, significantly reduced elevated serum cholesterol, triglycerides and lipoprotein levels. This drug also showed hypolipidemic activity in triton induced hypercholesterolemia. The histopathological examination of liver tissues of treated hyperlipidemic rats showed comparatively lesser degenerative changes compared with hyperlipidemic controls. The hypolipidemic effect of W. coagulans fruits was found to be comparable to that of an Ayurvedic product containing Commiphora mukkul. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Estrogenic activity of standardized extract of Angelica sinensis
Authors: Circosta Clara , Pasquale Rita De , Palumbo Dora R. , Samperi Stefania , Occhiuto Francesco 
Published: May 2006

AbstractSince ancient times, extracts of plants have been used for women's health to prevent menopausal symptoms. The symptoms of menopause have been attributed to a reduction in the amount of estrogen produced by the ovaries.In this study the estrogenic activity of a commercial standardized extract of the roots of Angelica sinensis, used to relieve climacteric symptoms was evaluated using in vivo tests such as the degree of cornification of vaginal epithelium, uterotrophic assays and serum LH concentration in ovariectomized rats. Furthermore, the effects on the estrous cycle in rat were investigated.The results obtained have shown that the administration of a standardized ethanol extract in ovariectomized rats exhibited a stimulation of the uterine histoarchitecture, a significant cornification in the vaginal epithelium and a reduction of serum LH concentration showing the estrogenic nature of the extract. Furthermore, the administration of the extract in intact female rats provoked a significant modification of the vaginal smear in 67% of treated rats. The estrous cycle thus modified was characterized by a prolonged estrus stage with a temporary reduction of the regular cyclicity. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Antioxidant potentials of Iranian Carica papaya juice in vitro and in vivo are comparable to α‐tocopherol
Authors: Mehdipour Sanaz , Yasa Narges , Dehghan Gholamreza , Khorasani Reza , Mohammadirad Azadeh , Rahimi Roja , Abdollahi Mohammad 
Published: May 2006

AbstractCarica papaya is widely cultivated throughout the world and is used as a food and also as a traditional medicine, particularly as an antiseptic and contraceptive. The present study was designed to explore the toxicological and antioxidant potential of dried C. papaya juice in vitro and in vivo. The oral LD50 of the juice of C. papaya was determined, and the antioxidant potentials determined by DPPH and FRAP tests. In vivo examination was performed after oral administration of dried papaya juice to rats for 2 weeks at doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg. Blood TBARS and FRAP assays were used to determine the potential of the juice to act against oxidative stress. The acute toxicity test (LD50) demonstrated that papaya juice is not lethal up to a dose of 1500 mg/kg after oral administration and thus is considered nontoxic. In treated groups, no sign of toxicity was observed. In vitro evaluation of the antioxidant effects of papaya showed that the highest antioxidant activity (80%) was observed with a concentration of 17.6 mg/mL. Blood lipid peroxidation levels decreased significantly after administration of all doses of papaya juice (100, 200, 400 mg/kg/day) to 35.5%, 39.5% and 40.86% of the control, respectively, compared with a value of 28.8% for vitamin E. The blood total antioxidant power was increased significantly by all doses of papaya juice (100, 200, 400 mg/kg/day) to 11.11%, 23.58% and 23.14% of the control, respectively. The value for vitamin E was 18.44%. This preliminary study indicates the safety and antioxidative stress potential of the juice of C. papaya, which was found to be comparable to the standard antioxidant compound α‐tocopherol. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Umbilical vein constriction at the umbilical ring: a longitudinal study
Authors: Acharya G. , Wilsgaard T. , Rosvold Berntsen G. K. , Maltau J. M. , Kiserud T. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractObjectiveIt has been suggested that constriction of the umbilical vein (UV) at the umbilical ring has hemodynamic effects. We aimed to determine the occurrence and extent of such constriction in serial observations.MethodsThis was a prospective longitudinal study of UV velocities at the umbilicus measured at approximately 4‐week intervals between 19 and 42 weeks' gestation in 129 low‐risk singleton pregnancies. Each participant was examined three to five times. Multilevel modeling was used to construct the reference ranges and to test associations between variables.ResultsGestational age‐specific reference percentiles of UV velocities at the umbilicus were established based on 469 observations. Fetuses were able to alter the UV velocities considerably during the second half of pregnancy, signifying a varying degree of UV constriction. Of a total of 129 fetuses, 56 (43.4%) never had high UV blood velocity (i.e. > 46 cm/s, the highest quartile), 42 (32.6%) fetuses had high UV blood velocity on one occasion and 31 (24.0%) fetuses on two or more occasions. In 36 (27.9%) fetuses the UV velocity at the umbilical ring was > 300% of the mean gestational age‐specific reference value at the intra‐abdominal section on at least one occasion. Constriction of the UV at the umbilical ring did not affect the pulsatility of the umbilical artery, and was not associated with adverse perinatal outcome in this study.ConclusionsLow‐risk fetuses may well constrict the UV at the abdominal wall with velocities extending over wide ranges on one or more occasions during the second half of pregnancy. Rather than being a risk for complications, the constriction seems to be part of physiological development and possibly a regulatory mechanism. Copyright © 2006 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Response of 12 weedy species to elevated CO2 in low‐phosphorus‐availability soil
Authors: Tang Jianjun , Chen Jing , Chen Xin 
Published: May 2006

AbstractWe conducted an experiment on responses of weedy species from an orchard ecosystem to elevated CO2 (700–800 μmol mol−1) under low phosphorus (P) soil in an environment‐controlled growth chamber. Twelve local weedy species, Poa annua L., Lolium perenne L., Avena fatua L., Vicia cracca L., Medicago lupulina L., Kummerowia striata (Thunb.) Schindl., Veronica didyma Ten., Plantago virginica L., Gnaphalium affine D.Don., Echinochloa crusgalli var. mitis (L.) Beauv., Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn. and Setaria glauca (L.) P. Beauv., grouped into four functional groups (C3 grass, C3 forb, legume and C4 grass), were used in the experiment. The total plant biomass, P uptake, and mycorrhizal colonization were measured. The results showed that the total biomass of the 12 weedy species tended to increase under elevated CO2. But changes in the total biomass under elevated CO2 significantly differed among functional groups: legumes showed the greatest increase in the total biomass of all functional groups, following the order C3 forbs > C4 grasses > C3 grasses. Elevated CO2 significantly increased mycorrhizal colonization and P uptake of legumes, C3 forbs and C4 grasses but did not change C3 grasses. Positive correlations between mycorrhizal colonization and shoot P concentration, and between total P uptake and total biomass were found under elevated CO2. The results suggested that the interspecific difference in CO2 response at low P availability was caused by the difference in CO2 response in mycorrhizae and P uptake. These differences among species imply that plant interaction in orchard ecosystems may change under future CO2 enrichment.
Assessment of obesity status in outpatients from three disease states
Authors: Haroun Dalia , Wells Jonathan C. K. , Lau Candice , Hadji‐Lucas Elli , Lawson Margaret S. 
Published: May 2006

Abstract Aim: To assess obesity status in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and various metabolic disorders (MD), through comparison against a) UK reference data and b) contemporary healthy children. Methods: Weight, height, waist circumference (WC), and triceps (TRI) and sub‐scapular (SUBS) skinfold thickness were measured in a total of 57 healthy, 49 HIV, 68 MD and 49 CF children. Using published reference data, standard deviation scores (SDS) were calculated. Results: CF patients had weight, height and BMI SDS significantly below zero. MD patients had height SDS significantly below, and BMI SDS significantly above, zero. Healthy children had BMI SDS significantly above zero. In all three patient groups and healthy children, TRI and WC SDS were significantly above zero. SUBS SDS was also significantly above zero in patients with MD and HIV. WC SDS was greater in patients than in healthy children, but only significantly so for the MD children.Conclusion: In all three patient groups, even those associated with reduced stature or reduced weight, indices of fatness were significantly increased relative to reference data. The tendency to central fatness was evident in healthy children, but was more extreme in patients, especially those with MD.
Rapid infancy weight gain and subsequent obesity: Systematic reviews and hopeful suggestions
Authors: Ong Ken K. , Loos Ruth J. F. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractIn a systematic review, we identified 21 separate studies with data on the association between rapid infancy weight gain, up to age 2 y, and subsequent obesity risk. Uniformly all studies reported significant positive associations. We transformed the reported effect sizes to a standard infancy weight gain exposure, and found that further differences in study design accounted for much of the variation in risk. An accompanying paper by Melinda Yeung reminds us that there are benefits of postnatal catch‐up growth in certain populations, and suggests that genetic and nutritional factors could moderate the unhealthy translation of rapid infancy weight gain to visceral fat and insulin resistance. Further evidence is needed, and we will need to rigorously test the benefits and risks of any interventions. However, the concept of “healthy” rapid catch‐up infancy growth is an attractive prospect.Conclusion: Rapid infancy weight gain is consistently associated with increased subsequent obesity risk, but the predictive ability of different weight gain cut‐offs needs to be tested.
Low‐dose warfarin for the prevention of central line‐associated thromboses in children with malignancies—a randomized, controlled study
Authors: Ruud Ellen , Holmstrøm Henrik , De Lange Charlotte , Hogstad Ellen M. , Wesenberg Finn 
Published: May 2006

Abstract Background: Central venous lines (CVLs) are essential in the care of children with malignancies, but are associated with venous thromboembolism (VTE) and infections. Effective and safe prophylactic approaches are deficient. Aim: To perform a study of adjusted low‐dose warfarin for the prevention of CVL‐related VTE in children with malignancies. Methods: Children with newly diagnosed cancer, a CVL in a jugular vein and an expected treatment period of over 6 mo were eligible for the study. Participants were randomized to low‐dose warfarin, with intended international normalized ratio (INR) 1.3–1.9, or to a control group. Primary outcome was VTE in a jugular vein diagnosed by ultrasonography at 1, 3 and 6 mo after inclusion. Secondary outcome was CVL‐related infections, mainly measured as days on antibiotics or positive blood cultures. Results: The study enrolled 73 children, and 62 completed it fully. Asymptomatic CVL‐related VTE was frequent (42%), but often transient. Regardless of severity, timing and duration, CVL‐related VTE was equally frequent among children on warfarin as compared to controls (p=0.44). Low‐dose warfarin (p=0.59) or jugular CVL‐related VTE (p=0.91) did not have any impact on days on antibiotics, but we observed a tendency towards an association between CVL‐related VTE and positive blood cultures (p=0.15). Conclusion: Our randomized study of low‐dose oral anticoagulation for the prevention of CVL‐related asymptomatic VTE in children with cancer did not show any benefit of warfarin adjusted to maintain INR between 1.3 and 1.9.
Immunohistochemical study of cyclooxygenase‐2 and p53 expression in skin tumors
Authors: KIM Kwang Ho , PARK Eun Joo , SEO Young Ju , CHO Han Suk , KIM Chul Woo , KIM Kwang Joong , PARK Hye Rim 
Published: May 2006

ABSTRACTOverexpression of cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) has been demonstrated in various cancers, including experimentally promoted tumors, gastrointestinal cancers, breast tumors and skin tumors. The mechanism that controls COX‐2 expression is not yet clear. Currently, it is reported that COX‐2 expression is frequently associated with mutated p53 genes. The goal of this study was to evaluate the expression patterns of COX‐2 and p53 in several skin tumors and their correlation. An immunohistochemical method was used to investigate the expression of COX‐2 and p53 proteins on formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded tissue specimens of squamous cell carcinomas (SCC), basal cell carcinomas (BCC), Bowen's disease (BD), actinic keratosis (AK) and porokeratosis. The expression of COX‐2 increased in 50% (5/10) of SCC, 80% (8/10) of BCC, 40% (4/10) of BD, 50% (5/10) of AK, and 20% (2/10) of porokeratosis cases. The expression of p53 increased in 90% (9/10) of SCC, 70% (7/10) of BCC, 70% (7/10) of BD, 50% (5/10) of AK, and 40% (4/10) of porokeratosis cases. COX‐2 positivity rates of the p53‐positive skin tumors were 56%, 100%, 57%, 80% and 25% in SCC, BCC, BD, AK and porokeratosis, respectively. However, the correlation between p53 and COX‐2 expression in skin tumors was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Our results indicate that skin COX‐2 and p53 may play roles in skin tumors, but that there is no apparent correlation between the two markers.
Detection of mucosal human papilloma virus DNA in bowenoid papulosis, Bowen's disease and squamous cell carcinoma of the skin
Authors: HAMA Naoto , OHTSUKA Tsutomu , YAMAZAKI Soji 
Published: May 2006

ABSTRACTHuman papilloma virus (HPV) is known to be an etiologic agent for benign warts of the skin. Recently, HPV have been detected in malignant skin and mucosal diseases suggesting that HPV infection can induce malignant skin tumors. In the present study, we examined the presence of mucosal HPV DNA in normal tissue, Bowen's disease (BD), Bowenoid papulosis (BP) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the skin. We detected the HPV DNA with polymerase chain reactions, and identified the type by DNA sequencing. In the results, we detected HPV DNA in none of the 17 normal controls, two of the three BP (66.7%), one of the 21 BD (4.8%), and six of the 26 SCC of the skin samples (23.0%). The occurrence rates of HPV in BP and SCC were significantly elevated compared to that of normal controls (P < 0.01 and P < 0.01, respectively). In addition, the occurrence rate of HPV in BP was significantly elevated compared to that of BD (P < 0.05). The reproducibility was confirmed with a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with another primer pair. Of the two cases of BP with positive HPV DNA, one case showed HPV 31 and the other case HPV 16. The case of BD with positive HPV DNA showed HPV 31. Of the six cases of SCC with positive HPV DNA, one case showed HPV 16, another case HPV 34, and the other four cases HPV 31. These results showed that mucosal HPV, including HPV 31 and 16, could be detected in SSC of the skin. Mucosal HPV, not only the epidermodysplasia verruciformis type, appear to induce malignant skin tumors.
Aggressive conservative therapy for refractory ulcer with diabetes and/or arteriosclerosis
Authors: MOTOMURA Hisashi , OHASHI Natsuko , HARADA Teruichi , MURAOKA Michinari , ISHII Masamitsu 
Published: May 2006

ABSTRACTA foot ulcer due to diabetes and/or arteriosclerosis obliterans (ASO) frequently results in an intractable condition that resists treatment. To cope with this condition, we have developed a combination therapy that includes conventional conservative therapy plus surgical therapy. This aggressive conservative therapy using aggressive debridement, trafermin (Fiblast Spray, Kaken, Japan) treatment and vacuum‐assisted closure (VAC) therapy was adopted to treat seven patients suffering from diabetes and ASO‐related refractory foot ulcer accompanied by bone exposure. With the exception of one patient who died during the treatment, the remaining six patients obtained limb salvage. The mean time to cure was 8.3 months. This approach should be considered before amputation. Some patients may refuse amputation or cannot tolerate highly invasive surgical treatment including tissue transplantation. In such cases, this aggressive conservative therapy can be employed as a highly useful and reproducible technique requiring simple techniques.
Conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma in a patient with hemodialysis‐related porphyria cutanea tarda
Authors: AYDİNGÖZ İkbal Esen , MANSUR Ayşe Tülin , ERÇIN Zuhal 
Published: May 2006

ABSTRACTHemodialysis‐related porphyria cutanea tarda (HRPCT) is characterized by porphyria‐like blisters on sun‐exposed parts of the face, arms and hands due to elevated porphyrin levels. Conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) is a rare cancer that typically occurs on the sun‐damaged ocular surface of elderly male patients. Herein, we report a case of CSCC in a 72‐year‐old patient who had been on hemodialysis for 8 years, and had been followed up with a diagnosis of HRPCT for 3 years. To our knowledge, this is the first case report documenting an association between HRPCT and CSCC, which may reflect a pathogenetic process connecting them.
A case of lymphangitic sporotrichosis occurring on both forearms with a published work review of cases of bilateral sporotrichosis in Japan
Authors: HARUNA Kunitaka , SHIRAKI Yumi , HIRUMA Masataro , IKEDA Shigaku , KAWASAKI Masako 
Published: May 2006

ABSTRACTThe patient, 56‐year‐old man who was working as a clerk and a farmer, presented with nodules that had appeared on the dorsa of both his hands 3 months earlier. At the first examination, there were multiple dark‐red nodules scattered on the fingers, dorsa and wrists of both hands. The nodules were up to 3 cm in diameter and had crusts in the incenters. The patient was suspected to suffer from prurigo and was subsequently treated with topical steroid, but the nodules did not respond. Therefore, a skin biopsy and fungal culture were performed, and the patient was finally diagnosed as having bilateral multiple sporotrichosis. He was then successfully treated with local thermotherapy and oral potassium iodide. Bilaterally‐distributed lymphangitic sporotrichosis is very rare and often difficult to diagnose. Careful attention is required to avoid misdiagnosis.