bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthetically Tailored Excited States: Phosphorescent, Cyclometalated Iridium(III) Complexes and Their Applications
Authors: Lowry Michael S. , Bernhard Stefan 
Published: January 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Strategies and Approaches for Constructing 1‐Oxadecalins
Authors: Tang Yu , Oppenheimer Jossian , Song Zhenlei , You Lingfeng , Zhang Xuejun , Hsung Richard P. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Therapeutic Potential of Sulfamides as Enzyme Inhibitors
Authors: Winum Jean‐Yves , Scozzafava Andrea , Montero Jean‐Louis , Supuran Claudiu T. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Transition‐Metal‐Catalyzed Dehydrocoupling: A Convenient Route to Bonds Between Main‐Group Elements.
Authors: Clark Timothy J. , Lee Kajin , Manners Ian 
Published: January 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Induction of Glutathione and Activation of Immune Functions by Low‐Dose, Whole‐Body Irradiation with γ‐Rays
Authors: Kojima Shuji 
Published: January 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Mechanism of Olefin Cycloalumination with Triethylaluminum into Aluminacyclopentanes Using Cp2ZrCl2 as a Catalyst
Authors: Khalilov Leonard M. , Parfenova Ludmila V. , Rusakov Sergey V. , Balaev Aleksandr V. , Dzhemilev Usein M. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Alternative synthetic route to chiral N‐substituted camphor‐derived β‐amino alcohols
Authors: Cheng Gin‐ian , Shei Chun‐tin , Sung Kuangsen 
Published: January 2007

AbstractAn alternative route from (1R)‐(+)‐camphor to chiral N‐substituted camphor‐derived β‐amino alcohol (4b–e) consists of four steps with a total yield of 28%. N‐Alkylation of camphor‐derived β‐amino alcohol (4a) involves condensation and hydride reduction in one pot without isolation of intermediates. Condensation of 4a with aldehydes or ketones generates a mixture of 1,3‐oxazolidines (6) and imino‐alcohols (7), which are reduced to 4b–e by NaBH4. Chirality, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
One‐ and Two‐Photon Singlet Oxygen Generation with New Fluorene‐Based Photosensitizers
Authors: Andrasik Stephen J. , Belfield Kevin D. , Bondar Mykhailo V. , Hernandez Florencio E. , Morales Alma R. , Przhonska Olga V. , Yao Sheng 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe spectral properties of new fluorene‐based photosensitizers for efficient singlet oxygen production are investigated at room temperature and 77 K. Two‐photon absorption (2PA) cross‐sections of the fluorene derivatives are measured by the open aperture Z‐scan method. The quantum yields of singlet oxygen generation under one‐ and two‐photon excitation (ΦΔ and 2PAΦΔ, respectively), are determined by the direct measurement of singlet oxygen luminescence at ≈1270 nm. The values of ΦΔ are independent of excitation wavelength, ranging from 0.6–0.9. The singlet oxygen quantum yields under two‐photon excitation are 2PAΦΔ≈1/2ΦΔ, indicating that the two processes exhibit the same mechanism of singlet oxygen production, independent of the mechanism of photon absorption.
Interacting neural networks and the emergence of social structure
Authors: Stoica‐Klüver Christina , Klüver Jürgen 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe article describes a computational model for the simulation of the emergence of social structure or social order, respectively. The model is theoretically based on the theory of social typifying by Berger and Luckmann. It consists of interacting artificial actors (agents), which are represented by two neural networks, an action net, and a perception net. By mutually adjusting of their actions, the agents are able to constitute a self‐organized social order in dependency of their personal characteristics and certain features of their environment. A fictitious example demonstrates the applicability of the model to problems of extra‐terrestrial robotics. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity 12: 41–52, 2007
The Synthesis of ZrO2/SiO2 Nanocomposites by the Two‐Step CVD of a Volatile Halogen‐Free Zr Alkoxide in a Fluidized‐Bed Reactor
Authors: Xia W. , Wang Y. , Hagen V. , Heel A. , Kasper G. , Patil U. , Devi A. , Muhler M. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractZrO2/SiO2 nanocomposites with Zr loadings in the range 0.88 wt % to 12.2 wt % were prepared by a two‐step metal‐organic (MO)CVD process in a fluidized‐bed reactor with the Zr alkoxide [Zr(OiPr)2(tbaoac)2] as the precursor. The high surface area of silica was hardly diminished by the deposition, and the deposited zirconia species were highly dispersed, as indicated by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) investigations. The XPS data reveal a linear increase of the Zr surface concentration with increasing Zr loading. The high degree of dispersion is attributed to a strong interaction between the zirconia species and the support through the formation of Si‐O‐Zr bonds. Correspondingly, the intensity of the isolated silanol bands detected by diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) was found to decrease with increasing Zr loading.
Influence of 4‐ and 6‐color flow cytometers and acquisition/analysis softwares on the determination of lymphocyte subsets in HIV infection
Authors: Ashman M. , Sachdeva N. , Davila L. , Scott G. , Mitchell C. , Cintron L. , Rathore M. , Asthana D. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractBackground and Objectives:Lymphocyte immunophenotyping provides valuable information for the diagnosis and monitoring of patients with cellular immunodeficiencies, such as HIV/AIDS. In this study, we have assessed the influence of 4‐color and 6‐color flow cytometers, and respective analytical softwares on the enumeration of lymphocytes in HIV infected individuals.Methods:The expression of various cell surface markers on lymphocytes was measured from the EDTA blood of 66 HIV infected patients on the FACSCalibur™ (4‐color) and FACSCanto™ (6‐color) flow cytometers. Percentage of lymphocytes expressing a particular cell surface marker was analyzed on FACSCalibur using the Cell Quest Pro™ software (v 5.2), while the analysis on FACSCanto was done using FACSCanto (v 1.0.3) and FACSDiva™ (v 4.1) softwares respectively.Results:The data shows significantly higher mean CD3 T‐cell counts on FACSCalibur, Cell Quest Pro (1,864 ± 1,044 cells/μl) as compared to FACSCanto (1,840 ± 1,040 cells/μl) (P < 0.05). The CD4 T‐cell counts were also higher on FACSCalibur, Cell Quest Pro (885 ± 770 cells/μl), and FACSDiva (892 ± 773 cells/μl) versus FACSCanto (867 ± 767 cells/μl) (P < 0.05). FACSCalibur, Cell Quest Pro, and FACSDiva showed similar values except for CD8 T‐lymphocytes where FACSDiva had significantly lower values (P < 0.05). The B‐cell counts were unaffected when either of the instruments or softwares were used, while the natural killer (NK) cells (CD16 + 56 positive cells) showed similar trend like CD3 and CD4 counts with significant differences in the mean cell counts between FACSCalibur, Cell Quest Pro (240 ± 165 cells/μl), and FACSDiva (238 ± 163 cells/μl) versus FACSCanto with higher NK cell counts (260 ± 176 cells/μl).Conclusions:The enumeration of lymphocyte subsets was comparable between FACSCalibur, Cell Quest Pro, and FACSDiva, based analysis and it was significantly different than FACSCanto software based analysis. Our observations suggest that FACSDiva software should be preferred over the FACSCanto software for immunophenotyping on FACSCanto flow cytometer and the laboratories should report the instrument and software used for the specimen analysis while reporting immunophenotyping results. © 2007 Clinical Cytometry Society
Thallium Halides – New Aspects of the Stereochemical Activity of Electron Lone Pairs of Heavier Main‐Group Elements
Authors: Mudring Anja‐Verena 
Published: January 2007

AbstractDensity functional theory studies in the linear muffin tin approximation on thallium halides (TlX; X = F, Cl, Br, I) show that structural distortions due to a stereochemically active lone pair of electrons depend crucially on cation–anion interactions. Such distortions do not originate from a 6s–6p hybridisation on the heavy metal as the Tl 6s and 6p states are energetically too far apart to mix directly. In the case of TlF, the Tl 6s and the F 2p states are located in the same energy region, which leads to an efficient interaction that produces strongly antibonding Tl–F states directly below the Fermi level that would destabilize the solid. Minimisation of these unfavourable covalent antibonding interactions is the driving force for structural distortion. In the case of the heavier thallium halides, the growing energetic mismatch between Tl 6s states and X np states leads to weaker covalent interactions. Thus, the compounds become more ionic and high symmetry structures are adopted as covalent interactions play only a minor role. The low symmetry structure of TlI observed at low temperatures is stabilized by attractive metal–metal bonding. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Transition Metal‐Assisted Hydrolysis of Pyrazole‐Appended Organooxotin Carboxylates Accompanied by Ligand Transfer
Authors: Chandrasekhar Vadapalli , Thilagar Pakkirisamy , Senapati Tapas 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe reaction of the potentially multi‐site coordination ligands [{nBu2SnO2CL}2O]2 (1), [{nBu2SnO2CL′}2O]2 (2), [nBuSn(O)O2CL]6 (3), and [nBuSn(O)O2CL′]6 (4), (L = (Pz)2CH‐); L′ = (3,5‐Me2Pz)2CH‐; Pz = pyrazolyl) with hydrated metal salts leads to the hydrolysis of the organotin carboxylates accompanied by the formation of insoluble organotinoxide/hydroxides and metal complexes. The in situ generated LCOO and L′COO ligands bind to the metal ions. The complexes [Cu(LCOO)2(NO3)2(nBu2Sn((H2O)2)]n[Cu(LCOO)2] (5), [Mg(L′COO)2] (6), [Cu(LCOO)2] (7), and [{(Cu(L′COO)2(Cu(MeOH))3}{ClO4}2]n (8) were isolated and structurally characterized. The solid‐state structure of 5 reveals that two discrete molecules are present in the same asymmetric unit; a heterobimetallic coordination polymer, [Cu(LCOO)2(NO3)2(nBu2Sn((H2O)2)]n and a discrete coordination complex, [Cu(LCOO)2]. The cationic portion of the heterobimetallic compound contains alternate six‐coordinate SnIV and CuII centers bridged by the carboxylate oxygen atoms of the LCOO ligand.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Synthesis of Selectively 13C‐Labelled Bilin Compounds
Authors: Makhynya Yevgen , Hussain Zakir , Bauschlicher Tanja , Schwinte Pascale , Siebert Friedrich , Gärtner Wolfgang 
Published: January 2007

AbstractA series of open‐chain tetrapyrroles, each carrying one or more 13C‐labels in its three ring‐bridging methine groups, were synthesized. These compounds – [5‐, [10‐, and [15‐13C]‐phycocyanobilins (PCB), [10‐13C]‐phytochromobilin, and [10,15‐13C2]‐PCB – were each obtained by a convergent route, starting with the four pyrrole building blocks, with the initial formation of the left and the right halves of the tetrapyrrole separately, followed by a final condensation of the two dipyrrole units to yield the target bilin compound. The 13C‐labels were all inserted as C1‐ or C2‐units prior to the appropriate condensation. The substitution pattern of these bilins on ring A (ethylidene substituent at position 3) allows covalent attachment to the apoprotein of the plant photoreceptor phytochrome. The isotope shift produced by insertion of a 13C‐isotope is demonstrated in the FT‐IR spectra of phytochrome‐incorporated [10‐13C]‐phytochromobilin. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Symmetrical and Nonsymmetrical Liquid Crystalline Oligothiophenes: Convenient Synthesis and Transition‐Temperature Engineering
Authors: Leroy Julie , Boucher Nicolas , Sergeyev Sergey , Sferrazza Michele , Geerts Yves Henri 
Published: January 2007

AbstractTwo approaches to transition‐temperature engineering in liquid crystalline oligothiophenes are described: (i) substitution at the aromatic core with two identical branched alkyl chains and (ii) desymmetrization of the molecule with two alkyl substituents of different length or structure. Key steps in the synthesis of symmetrical and nonsymmetrical terthiophenes and quaterthiophenes involve Suzuki coupling and carbanion alkylation. A well‐adjusted balance between the π–π stacking of the aromatic core and the disorder caused by the peripheral alkyl chains is demonstrated to be important for the control of the thermotropic behavior of oligothiophene mesogens. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Chemo‐Enzymatic Synthesis of All Isomers of 2‐Methylbutane‐1,2,3,4‐tetraol – Important Contributors to Atmospheric Aerosols
Authors: Moen Anders Riise , Ruud Kjersti , Anthonsen Thorleif 
Published: January 2007

AbstractBy a combination of stereospecific osmium catalyzed oxidation of dimethyl citraconate and lipase catalysed enantioselective resolution of the formed dimethyl (2R*,3S*)‐2,3‐dihydroxy‐2‐methylbutanedioate, followed by reduction, (2R,3S)‐ and (2S,3R)‐2‐methylbutane‐1,2,3,4‐tetraol were isolated. Similar reactions starting with dimethyl mesaconate gave the isomers, (2R,3R)‐ and (2S,3S)‐2‐methylbutane‐1,2,3,4‐tetraol. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
The capture of fly ash particles using circular and noncircular cross‐section fabric filters
Authors: Sánchez Javier R. , Rodríguez J.M. , Alvaro A. , Estévez A.M. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe great interest in the use of fabric filters made of noncircular cross‐section fibers for collecting small coal fly ash particles (Geldart's type‐C particles) can be seen in this study, in which a nonwoven fabric filter made of circular cross‐section polyester fibers was compared with another nonwoven fabric filter made of predominantly trilobal cross‐section polyimide fibers.The experimental results show that the collection efficiency of the coal fly ash particles of the polyimide fiber filters is higher than that of polyester fiber filters, mainly for particles smaller than 1.2 μm and with a superficial aerosol velocity of 0.1 m/s. Moreover, the pressure drop across the fabric filters made of polyimide fibers is lower than that of the polyester fiber filters.The influence of the thickness of the polyimide fibers on collection efficiency and pressure drop was also checked, and the results showed that the thinnest fiber fabric filter had the highest collection efficiency, as well as the highest pressure drop. © 2007 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog 26:50–58, 2007.
Daily to seasonal cross‐shore behaviour of quasi‐persistent intertidal beach morphology
Authors: Quartel S. , Ruessink B. G. , Kroon A. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractIn this study, an intertidal bar and trough system on the beach of Noordwijk, The Netherlands was monitored over a 15‐month period in order to examine the daily to seasonal sequential cross‐shore behaviour and to establish which conditions force or interrupt this cyclic bar behaviour. The beach morphology (bars and troughs) was classified from low‐tide Argus video images based on surface composition. From the classified images, time series of the landward boundary of the bar and of the trough were extracted. The time series of the alongshore‐averaged boundary positions described sawtooth motion with a period between 1 and 4 months, comprising gradual landward migration followed by abrupt seaward shifts. The abrupt seaward shift appeared to be a morphological reset induced by storm events, which lasted at least 30 h with a large average root‐mean‐square wave height (≥2 m) and offshore surge level (≥0·5 m), and a small trough (<20 m wide) in the pre‐storm beach morphology. The time series of the boundary positions exhibited very little longer (seasonal) scale variability, but somewhat larger smaller (daily) scale variability. The bar boundary was found to be more dynamic than the trough boundary. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An approach for bearing fault detection in electrical motors
Authors: Gülmezoğlu M. Bilginer , Ergin Semih 
Published: January 2007

AbstractIn this paper, a novel approach for fault detection and diagnosis of induction motors is proposed. This approach depends on determination of a common vector for each class, called the common vector approach (CVA). The common vector of each class represents invariant features or common properties of that class. Vibration signals measured from the rotor ball bearings of an induction motor are used in the experimental study. Experimental results indicate that the proposed approach can be efficiently used for the analysis of faulty conditions in induction motors. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pricing American exchange options in a jump‐diffusion model
Authors: Lindset Snorre 
Published: January 2007

AbstractA way to estimate the value of an American exchange option when the underlying assets follow jump‐diffusion processes is presented. The estimate is based on combining a European exchange option and a Bermudan exchange option with two exercise dates by using Richardson extrapolation as proposed by R. Geske and H. Johnson (1984). Closed‐form solutions for the values of European and Bermudan exchange options are derived. Several numerical examples are presented, illustrating that the early exercise feature may have a significant economic value. The results presented should have potential for pricing over‐the‐counter options and in particular for pricing real options. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 27:257–273, 2007
Isolation of two regions on rat chromosomes 5 and 18 affecting mammary cancer susceptibility
Authors: Stieber Daniel , Piessevaux Géraldine , Rivière Michèle , Laes Jean‐François , Quan Xiaojiang , Szpirer Josiane , Szpirer Claude 
Published: January 2007

AbstractWe previously mapped several quantitative trait loci (QTLs) controlling DMBA‐induced mammary tumor development in female rats derived from a SPRD‐Cu3 (susceptible strain) × WKY (resistant strain) cross. Two of these QTLs were assigned to chromosomes 5 and 18. In the present study, we generated and characterized congenic strains in which a segment of WKY chromosomes 5 or 18 was introduced in the SPRD‐Cu3 genetic background, thereby physically demonstrating that each of these two chromosomes controls mammary tumor multiplicity. The chromosome 5 QTL (Mcstm1) accounts for 7 tumors per animal (versus a total of 11 tumors per SPRD‐Cu3 rat). The chromosome 18 QTL (Mcstm2) accounts for 3 tumors per animal and is the first chemically‐induced mammary cancer susceptibility locus assigned to this chromosome. In addition, the Mcstm1 region was shown to also controls tumor latency. These loci thus play a major role in chemically‐induced mammary tumor development. QTLs controlling chemically‐induced or estrogen‐induced mammary tumor development have independently been identified on chromosomes 5 and 18, using susceptible strains others than SPRD‐Cu3. Therefore the haplotype structure of the relevant chromosome regions was analyzed in the different strains. Some chromosome regions were found to be highly mosaic (haplotype blocks < 1 Mb), while one region showed an apparently conserved haplotype block of 7.5 Mb. This analysis points to limited regions that could harbor the causative genes and also indicates that at least Mcstm2 is a novel QTL. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evidence for heritable predisposition to epigenetic silencing of MLH1
Authors: Chen Huiping , Taylor Nicholas P. , Sotamaa Kaisa M. , Mutch David G. , Powell Matthew A. , Schmidt Amy P. , Feng Sheng , Hampel Heather L. , Chapelle Albert de la , Goodfellow Paul J. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractEpigenetic silencing of MLH1 is the most common cause of defective DNA mismatch repair in endometrial and colorectal cancers. We hypothesized that variation in the MLH1 gene might contribute to the risk for MLH1 methylation and epigenetic silencing. We undertook a case‐control study to test for the association between MLH1 variants and abnormal MLH1 methylation. Eight MLH1 SNPs were typed in the normal DNA from women with endometrial carcinoma. For these studies, the cases were women whose cancers exhibited MLH1 methylation (N = 98) and the controls were women whose cancers had no MLH1 methylation (N = 219). One MLH1 SNP, rs1800734, located in the MLH1 CpG island at −93 from the translation start site, was significantly associated with MLH1 methylation as were age at diagnosis and patient body mass index. In validation experiments, a similar‐sized cohort of colorectal carcinoma patients (N = 387) showed a similar degree of association with the −93 SNP; a smaller cohort of endometrial carcinomas (N = 181) showed no association. Combining all 3 cohorts showed an odds ratio of 1.61 (95% CI: 1.20–2.16) for the AA or AG vs. GG genotype at the −93 SNP. Identification of risk alleles for MLH1 methylation could shed light on mechanisms of epigenetic silencing and may ultimately lead to new approaches to the prevention or treatment of malignancies associated with MLH1 inactivation. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Control of crystallinity of hydrated products in a calcium phosphate bone cement
Authors: Wang Xiupeng , Ye Jiandong , Wang Yingjun , Wu Xianpei , Bai Bo 
Published: January 2007

AbstractIn this study, a calcium phosphate cement (CPC), consisting of partially crystallized calcium phosphate (PCCP), was synthesized. X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR) and scanning electronic microscope (SEM) were used to characterize the cement. The results showed that by changing the ratio of amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) to PCCP in the cement, hydrated products of controllable crystallinity were obtained. With increase in the relative amount of PCCP, the hydrated products changed gradually from very poor crystallinity with little needle‐like hydroxyapatite (Hap) crystallites to relatively high crystallinity with more needle‐like Hap crystallites; the compressive strength of the cement increased, and the degradation of the cement decreased. The cement was implanted into the tibia tubercle of healthy mature Zelanian white rabbits and the histological specimens were obtained after 4 and 16 weeks of implantation. The result revealed that this bone cement was biocompatible and showed very early osteoconductive properties. Thus, the CPC has potential for use in orthopedic surgery for filling non‐ load‐bearing bone defects. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2007