bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prediction of future development of canine atopic dermatitis based on examination of clinical history
Authors: Fraser M. A. , McNeil P. E. , Girling S. J. 
Published: November 2007

Objectives:  The aim of this study was to identify clinical features that could be used to identify individual dogs within the Guide Dogs for the Blind Association canine population at risk of being diagnosed as atopic in the future before they had fully developed the condition. Methods:  Clinical histories of atopic and non‐atopic dogs from the Guide Dogs for the Blind Association population were analysed and statistically significant differences identified between the two groups. Results:  Atopic dogs were consistently affected by skin disease at a younger age than non‐atopic dogs and that there was a significant difference in event curves between atopic and non‐atopic dogs at 10 months of age. From a predictive point of view, dogs that suffered from four or more episodes of atopic‐type skin disease by the age of 15 months were at an increased risk of developing atopic dermatitis. Clinical Significance:  It is suggested that the clinical history of all dogs from the Guide Dogs for the Blind Association about to undergo training should be examined for these factors to assess whether or not they should undergo training.
The World the Students Made: Agriculture and Education at American Missions in Colonial Zimbabwe, 1930–1960
Authors: Leedy Todd H. 
Published: November 2007

In 1930, the same year in which the segregationist Land Apportionment Act was passed, the governor of Rhodesia addressed a meeting of representatives from the various missionary organizations operating in the colony. He proceeded to argue against the sort of education that might create a class of African intellectuals who would eventually challenge white economic and political dominance:The nature of the intellectual advance to be aimed at should be one of which advantage can be taken in the ordinary daily lives of the people, and should be a step forward in a field already familiar to them, rather than a violent transition into fields which belong to a different type of civilization. As the life of African peoples is to a preponderating extent agricultural, education should aim at making them better agriculturalists and better able to appreciate all the natural processes with which agriculture is connected.
Is Character Fate, or Is There Hope to Change My Personality Yet?
Authors: Edmonds Grant W. , Jackson Joshua J. , Fayard Jennifer V. , Roberts Brent W. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractDifferent perspectives on personality development propose a range of possible degrees to which traits are free to change, from hardly at all to very much. This essay reviews the empirical evidence on just how consistent and changeable personality traits are across the life course. To gain a thorough perspective on personality trait development, we review developmental studies that focus on three different types of change: rank‐order consistency, mean level change, and individual level change. Starting in late childhood, personality traits exhibit modest levels of rank‐order consistency that increase with age. In addition personality traits show mean level changes, especially in young adulthood, that are consistent with the idea of increasing maturity. Finally, despite these general trends in personality continuity and change, there is evidence that individuals may change in ways that contradict general trends and that these individual differences in change are related to life experiences.
Closing in: Stalking in the Context of Intimate Partner Abuse
Authors: Melton Heather C. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThis article reviews the literature on stalking in the context of intimate partner abuse (IPA). It is now known that stalking is most common among people who know each other, with a high prevalence among current and former intimates. Moreover, there is a strong correlation between stalking and IPA, both physical violence and emotional abuse. This is referred to as stalking in the context of IPA. This type of stalking differs from other types in terms of its nature, prevalence, and effects. In addition, there are differences among intimate partner stalkers as well. Future research needs to focus on this type of stalking and explore theories behind why it is occurring and ways we should be responding to and treating it.
Social Movements Research and the ‘Movement of Movements’: Studying Resistance to Neoliberal Globalisation
Authors: Cox Laurence , Nilsen Alf Gunvald 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThis article explores the state of research on the ‘movement of movements’ against neoliberal globalisation. Starting from a general consideration of the significance of the movement and the difficulties inherent in studying it, it discusses the literature on the movement from within social movement studies, and argues that the response from social movement researchers falls short of what could be expected in terms of adequacy to the movement and its own knowledge production. It explores some effects of this failure and locates the reasons for it in the unacknowledged relationship between social movements theorising and activist theorising. The article then discusses the possible contributions that can be made by Marxist and other engaged academic writers, as well as the significance of the extensive theoretical literature generated by activists within the movement. It concludes by stating the importance of dialogue between activist and academic theorising and research in attempting to understand the movement.
Elevated Frequency of Gamma Interferon-Producing NK Cells in Healthy Adults Vaccinated against Influenza Virus
Authors: Long Brian R. , Michaelsson Jakob , Loo Christopher P. , Ballan Wassim M. , Vu Bien-Aimee N. , Hecht Frederick M. , Lanier Lewis L. , Chapman Joan M. , Nixon Douglas F. 
Published: November 2007

ABSTRACT

Recent studies indicate that innate immunity in influenza virus infection is an area of substantial importance for our understanding of influenza virus pathogenesis, yet our knowledge of the mechanisms controlling innate immunity remains limited. Further delineation of the roles of NK cells and innate immunity in viral infection may have important implications for the development of improved influenza virus vaccines. In this study, we evaluated the phenotype and function of NK and T lymphocytes, as well as influenza virus-specific immunoglobulin G production, prior to and following vaccination with the routinely administered trivalent influenza virus vaccine. We demonstrate influenza virus antigen-specific innate and adaptive cellular responses and evaluate changes in NK cell receptor expression over time. Our results demonstrate increased innate and adaptive cellular immune responses and show that NK cells are a significant source of gamma interferon (IFN-γ) following influenza virus vaccination. An increase in the frequency of IFN-γ-producing NK cells was observed in many subjects postvaccination. The subset distribution with respect to CD56
dim
and CD56
bright
NK cell subsets remained stable, as did the NK cell phenotype with respect to expression of cell surface activating and inhibitory receptors. These results may form the basis for further investigations of the role of NK cells in immunity to influenza.
Preliminary investigations on inducing salt tolerance in maize through inoculation with rhizobacteria containing ACC deaminase activity
Authors: Nadeem Sajid Mahmood , Zahir Zahir Ahmad , Naveed Muhammad , Arshad Muhammad 
Published: November 2007

Twenty rhizobacterial strains containing 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase were isolated from the rhizosphere of salt-affected maize fields. They were screened for their growth-promoting activities under axenic conditions at 1, 4, 8, and 12 dS·m–1salinity levels. Based upon the data of the axenic study, the 6 most effective strains were selected to conduct pot trials in the wire house. Besides one original salinity level (1.6 dS·m–1), 3 other salinity levels (4, 8, and 12 dS·m–1) were maintained in pots and maize seeds inoculated with selected strains of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria, as well as uninoculated controls were sown. Results showed that the increase in salinity level decreased the growth of maize seedlings. However, inoculation with rhizobacterial strains reduced this depression effect and improved the growth and yield at all the salinity levels tested. Selected strains significantly increased plant height, root length, total biomass, cob mass, and grain yield up to 82%, 93%, 51%, 40%, and 50%, respectively, over respective uninoculated controls at the electrical conductivity of 12 dS·m–1. Among various plant growth-promoting rhizobacterial strains, S5 ( Pseudomonas syringae ), S14 ( Enterobacter aerogenes ), and S20 ( Pseudomonas fluorescens ) were the most effective strains for promoting the growth and yield of maize, even at high salt stress. The relatively better salt tolerance of inoculated plants was associated with a high K+/Na+ratio as well as high relative water and chlorophyll and low proline contents.
Source tracking ofEscherichia coliby 16S–23S intergenic spacer region denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) of therrnBribosomal operon
Authors: D’Elia Thomas V. , Cooper Chester R. , Johnston Carl G. 
Published: November 2007

This research validates a novel approach for source tracking based on denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis of DNA extracted from Escherichia coli isolates. Escherichia coli from different animal sources and from river samples upstream from, at, and downstream of a combined sewer overflow were subjected to DGGE to determine sequence variations within the 16S–23S intergenic spacer region (ISR) of the rrnB ribosomal operon. The ISR was analyzed to determine if E. coli isolates from various animal sources could be differentiated from each other. DNA isolated from the E. coli animal sources was PCR amplified to isolate the rrnB operon. To prevent amplification of all 7 E. coli ribosomal operons by PCR amplification using universal primers, sequence-specific primers were utilized for the rrnB operon. Another primer set was then used to prepare samples of the 16S–23S ISR for DGGE. Comparison of PCR–DGGE results between human and animal sources revealed differences in the distribution and frequency of the DGGE bands produced. Human and Canada Goose isolates had the most unique distribution patterns and the highest percent of unique isolates and were grouped separately from all other animal sources. Method validation suggests that there are enough host specificity and genetic differences for use in the field. Field results at and around a combined sewer overflow indicate that this method can be used for microbial source tracking.
Possible requirement of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 for invasion of gingival epithelial cells byTreponema medium
Authors: Tamai Riyoko , Asai Yasuyuki , Kawabata Atsushi , Akisaka Toshitaka , Ogawa Tomohiko 
Published: November 2007

Oral treponemes are members of the spirochete family of bacteria associated with periodontal diseases. In the present study, we demonstrate that intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) on human gingival epithelial cells (HGEC) contributed to the invasion of Treponema medium , a medium-sized oral Treponema, into those cells. The quantity of T. medium in HGEC was found to peak at 2 h after inoculation and then decreased gradually. Immunofluorescence microscopy findings showed that the bacteria were colocalized with ICAM-1 on HGEC. Furthermore, knockdown of ICAM-1 in HGEC resulted in inhibition of T. medium invasion by RNA interference, whereas that of Toll-like receptor 2 did not. These results suggest that ICAM-1 may be required for the invasion of T. medium into HGEC, and they indicate that the molecule plays a principal role in the primary stages of the development and progression of chronic periodontitis.
SP1
Authors: Barnes John G. P. 
Published: November 2007

Ada 2005 is the latest chapter in the Ada story. Ada 95 was a huge leap forward from Ada 83. However, experience showed that Ada 95 has a number of gaps. Ada 2005 is not such a giant leap forward but aims rather to round off Ada 95 and so provide the community with a really smooth programming language suited for the demanding applications of the 21st century.
John will explain the specific goals of the development and introduce the key new features of Ada 2005. The most obvious new features are in the OO model with the introduction of interfaces and in the real-time area with more control over timing and scheduling plus much more in the predefined library. But there are other improvements as well in areas such as visibility control, exceptions and generics. And of course also downward closures so that Ada is at last as good as Algol 60 in that area.
(algorithms)
Authors: Curtis Pavel 
Published: November 2007

Welcome to the first appearance of this new Lisp Pointers department on Algorithms. It has been noted by some editors that most Lisp hackers would rather write code than articles and I suspect that their reading preferences might run the same way. This department is an attempt to cater to those preferences. The articles you'll see here will tend to fit into one or more of three broad categories:
• Annotated implementations of interesting and relevant algorithms that make particularly good or novel use of the unique features of the Lisp family of programming languages (e.g., closures, continuations, code as data, polymorphism).
• Annotated implementations of algorithms whose subject matter is the Lisp family of languages (e.g., code analysis tools, iteration facilities, generic arithmetic), and
• Discussion of performance issues, benchmarking, or implementation experiences for interesting algorithms written in or about the Lisp family of languages.
Dynamic extent objects
Authors: Queinnec Christian 
Published: November 2007

Lisp objects are heap- rather than stack-allocated because their extent is generally indefinite. Since stack-deallocation is performed without running the garbage collector, speed improvements are expected. Dedicated hardware can stack-allocate objects associated with reference counters or microcode daemons such that one can exactly know the status of the object to be deallocated and perform whatever appropriate treatment (usually a copy in the heap) according to its reachability. However such a solution is not efficient on stock hardware.
This paper presents and analyses a new technique to efficiently solve this problem. It creates first class dynamic extent objects (DEO) that are stack-allocated, permits to access them only while they are in the stack and prevent to follow up dangling pointers. Every usual indefinite extent object has its counterpart as a DEO associated with the same set of operators. Finally DEO do not require dedicated hardware and may be properly compiled. The technique can be used within other programming languages. Some performance figures are discussed at the end of the paper.
Designing mobility models based on social network theory
Authors: Musolesi Mirco , Mascolo Cecilia 
Published: November 2007

Validation of mobile ad hoc network protocols relies almost exclusively on simulation. The value of the validation is, therefore, highly dependent on how realistic the movement models used in the simulations are. Since there is a very limited number of available real traces in the public domain, synthetic models for movement pattern generation must be used. However, most widely used models are currently very simplistic, their focus being ease of implementation rather than soundness of foundation. Simulation results of protocols are often based on randomly generated movement patterns and, therefore, may differ considerably from those that can be obtained by deploying the system in real scenarios. Movement is strongly affected by the needs of humans to socialise or cooperate, in one form or another. Fortunately, humans are known to associate in particular ways that can be mathematically modelled and that have been studied in social sciences for years.
In this paper we propose a new mobility model founded on social network theory. The model allows collections of hosts to be grouped together in a way that is based on social relationships among the individuals. This clustering is then mapped to a topographical space, with movements influenced by the strength of social ties that may also change in time. We have validated our model with real traces by showing that the synthetic mobility traces are a very good approximation of human movement patterns. The impact of the adoption of the proposed algorithm on the performance of AODV and DSR is also presented and discussed.
Targeting Vacuolar H+-ATPases as a New Strategy against Cancer
Authors: Fais Stefano , De Milito Angelo , You Haiyan , Qin Wenxin 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
Growing evidence suggests a key role of tumor acidic microenvironment in cancer development, progression, and metastasis. As a consequence, the need for compounds that specifically target the mechanism(s) responsible for the low pH of tumors is increasing. Among the key regulators of the tumor acidic microenvironment, vacuolar H+-ATPases (V-ATPases) play an important role. These proteins cover a number of functions in a variety of normal as well as tumor cells, in which they pump ions across the membranes. We discuss here some recent results showing that a molecular inhibition of V-ATPases by small interfering RNA in vivo as well as a pharmacologic inhibition through proton pump inhibitors led to tumor cytotoxicity and marked inhibition of human tumor growth in xenograft models. These results propose V-ATPases as a key target for new strategies in cancer treatment. [Cancer Res 2007;67(22):10627–30]
PCPH/ENTPD5 Expression Enhances the Invasiveness of Human Prostate Cancer Cells by a Protein Kinase Cδ–Dependent Mechanism
Authors: Villar Joaquín , Arenas María Isabel , MacCarthy Caitlin M. , Blánquez María José , Tirado Oscar M. , Notario Vicente 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
Previous reports showed that PCPH is mutated or deregulated in some human tumors, suggesting its participation in malignant progression. Immunohistochemical analyses showed that PCPH is not expressed in normal prostate, but its expression increases along cancer progression stages, being detectable in benign prostatic hyperplasia, highly expressed in prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, and remaining at high levels in prostate carcinoma. Experiments designed to investigate the contribution of PCPH to the malignant phenotype of prostate cancer cells showed that PCPH overexpression in PC-3 cells, which express nearly undetectable PCPH levels, increased collagen I expression and enhanced invasiveness, whereas shRNA-mediated PCPH knockdown in LNCaP cells, which express high PCPH levels, down-regulated collagen I expression and decreased invasiveness. PCPH regulated invasiveness and collagen I expression by a mechanism involving protein kinase Cδ (PKCδ): (a) PCPH knockdown in LNCaP cells decreased PKCδ levels relative to control cells; (b) PKCδ knockdown in LNCaP cells recapitulated all changes caused by PCPH knockdown; and (c) forced expression of PKCδ in cells with knocked down PCPH reverted all changes provoked by PCPH down-regulation and rescued the original phenotype of LNCaP cells. These results strongly suggested that the expression level and/or mutational status of PCPH contributes to determine the invasiveness of prostate cancer cells through a mechanism involving PKCδ. Data from immunohistochemical analyses in serial sections of normal, premalignant, and malignant prostate specimens underscored the clinical significance of our findings by showing remarkably similar patterns of expression for PCPH and PKCδ, thus strongly suggesting their likely coregulation in human tumors. [Cancer Res 2007;67(22):10859–68]
Dietary Feeding of Silibinin Inhibits Prostate Tumor Growth and Progression in Transgenic Adenocarcinoma of the Mouse Prostate Model
Authors: Raina Komal , Blouin Marie-José , Singh Rana P. , Majeed Noreen , Deep Gagan , Varghese Leyon , Glodé L. Michael , Greenberg Norman M. , Hwang David , Cohen Pinchas , Pollak Michael N. , Agarwal Rajesh 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
Herein, for the first time, we evaluated the chemopreventive efficacy of dietary silibinin against prostate cancer (PCa) growth and progression in transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate (TRAMP) mice from two different genetic backgrounds [C57BL/6 (TRAMP) × FVB; C57BL/6 (TRAMP) × C57BL/6]. At 4 weeks of age, mice were fed control or 0.1% to 1% silibinin–supplemented diets until 23 to 24 weeks of age. Silibinin-fed groups had a lower tumor grade and higher incidence of prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) at the expense of a strong decrease in adenocarcinoma incidence. Prostate tissue showed a 47% (P &lt; 0.001) decrease in proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)–positive cells and an ∼7-fold (P &lt; 0.001) increase in apoptotic cells at the highest silibinin dose. As potential mechanisms of silibinin efficacy, an ∼50% (P &lt; 0.05) decrease in insulin-like growth factor (IGF) receptor type Iβ and an ∼13-fold (P &lt; 0.001) increase in IGF-binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3) protein levels were also observed. These changes were specific to tumors as they were not reflected in circulating IGF-IGFBP-3 system. Additionally, silibinin decreased protein expression of cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdk) by more than 90% (P &lt; 0.001) with a concomitant increase in Cdk inhibitors, Cip1/p21 and Kip1/p27 (P &lt; 0.05, for both). A dose-dependent decrease was also observed in cyclin B1, cyclin E, and cyclin A protein levels by silibinin. Together, these findings suggest that oral silibinin blocks PCa growth and progression at PIN stage in TRAMP mice via modulation of tumor IGF-IGFBP-3 axis and cell cycle regulation, and therefore it has practical and translational potential in suppressing growth and neoplastic conversion of PIN to PCa in humans. [Cancer Res 2007;67(22):11083–91]