bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Array‐CGH in a series of 30 patients with mental retardation, dysmorphic features, and congenital malformations detected an interstitial 1p22.2‐p31.1 deletion in a patient with features overlapping the Goldenhar syndrome
Authors: Callier P. , Faivre L. , Thauvin‐Robinet C. , Marle N. , Mosca A.L. , D'Athis P. , Guy J. , Masurel‐Paulet A. , Joly L. , Guiraud S. , Teyssier J.R. , Huet F. , Mugneret F. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractGenosensor Array 300 (Abbott) is a multiplex platform for array‐based comparative genomic hybridization that detects unbalanced genomic aberrations including whole chromosome gains/losses, microdeletions, duplications and unbalanced subtelomeric rearrangements. A series of 30 patients with unexplained mental retardation, dysmorphic features, congenital abnormalities and normal high resolution karyotype and FISH subtelomeric studies were analyzed using Genosensor Array 300 array‐CGH. We identified a chromosomal aberration in one patient with an interstitial 1p31.1 deletion. FISH analysis with BACs specific probes of the 1p region confirmed the interstitial 1p22.2‐p31.1 deletion. The patient was a 20‐year‐old man with short stature, facial dysmorphism including asymmetry, scoliosis, severe psychomotor delay and an epibulbar dermoid cyst. The phenotype was compatible with Goldenhar syndrome despite the absence of asymmetric ears. This observation is of interest since it could be a clue in the search for the genes responsible for Goldenhar syndrome. This study demonstrates the utility of the array‐CGH technology in detecting interstitial deletions. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Homozygous deletions of a copy number change detected by array CGH: A new cause for mental retardation?
Authors: Curry Cynthia J. , Mao Rong , Aston Emily , Mongia Shella K. , Treisman Tamara , Procter Melinda , Chou Bob , Whitby Heidi , South Sarah T. , Brothman Arthur R. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractWe describe two unrelated patients with mental retardation and normal karyotypes found to have relatively large homozygous deletions (>150 kb) of different regions detected by array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH). Patient 1 showed a 157–214 kb deletion at 8q24.2, containing BAC clone RP11‐17M8. This patient was born to phenotypically normal parents and has microcephaly, distinctive craniofacial features, brachymetacarpia, brachymetatarsia and severe mental retardation. This BAC clone is listed as a copy number variant on the Database of Genomic Variants (http://projects.tcag.ca/variation/). Heterozygosity for the deletion was found in the mother (father is deceased) and uniparental disomy of chromosome 8 was excluded. Patient 2 showed a 812–902 kb deletion at 12q21.1, containing BAC clone RP11‐89P15. This region was not listed in any public database as a known variant. This patient has mild craniofacial dysmorphic features, bifid uvula, peripheral pulmonic stenosis and developmental delay. Heterozygosity for this deletion was confirmed in the phenotypically normal parents and two normal siblings, but surprisingly, homozygosity for the deletion in an apparently normal younger sibling brings into question whether this large homozygous copy number change (CNC) is causal. Homozygous deletions of CNCs have not previously been reported in association with a phenotype or mental retardation. These cases represent homozygosity for presumably benign CNCs, and while causality for the phenotypes cannot be confirmed, similar deletions are bound to be identified more frequently as aCGH is used with increasing regularity. Such homozygous deletions should be viewed as potentially clinically relevant. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Characterized by conciliation: Here's how business can use apology to diffuse litigation
Authors: Rainey Michael B. , Chan Kit , Begin Judith 
Published: July 2008

AbstractIn Part II of their update on the use of apology in ADR, Michael B. Rainey, of Malibu, Calif., Kit Chan, of Montebello, Calif., and Judith Begin, of Los Angeles, look at specific business examples in health care, product liability, and pharmaceuticals
Probabilistic passage models for semantic search of genomics literature
Authors: Urbain Jay , Goharian Nazli , Frieder Ophir 
Published: July 2008

AbstractWe explore unsupervised learning techniques for extracting semantic information about biomedical concepts and topics, and introduce a passage retrieval model for using these semantics in context to improve genomics literature search. Our contributions include a new passage retrieval model based on an undirected graphical model (Markov Random Fields), and new methods for modeling passage‐concepts, document‐topics, and passage‐terms as potential functions within the model. Each potential function includes distributional evidence to disambiguate topics, concepts, and terms in context. The joint distribution across potential functions in the graph represents the probability of a passage being relevant to a biologist's information need. Relevance ranking within each potential function simplifies normalization across potential functions and eliminates the need for tuning of passage retrieval model parameters. Our dimensional indexing model facilitates efficient aggregation of topic, concept, and term distributions. The proposed passage‐retrieval model improves search results in the presence of varying levels of semantic evidence, outperforming models of query terms, concepts, or document topics alone. Our results exceed the state‐of‐the‐art for automatic document retrieval by 14.46% (0.3554 vs. 0.3105) and passage retrieval by 15.57% (0.1128 vs. 0.0976) as assessed by the TREC 2007 Genomics Track, and automatic document retrieval by 18.56% (0.3424 vs. 0.2888) as assessed by the TREC 2005 Genomics Track. Automatic document retrieval results for TREC 2007 and TREC 2005 are statistically significant at the 95% confidence level (p= .0359 and .0253, respectively). Passage retrieval is significant at the 90% confidence level (p= 0.0893).
Estimating the audience level for library resources
Authors: O'Neill Edward T. , Connaway Lynn Silipigni , Dickey Timothy J. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractWorldCat, OCLC's bibliographic database, identifies books and the libraries that hold them. The holdings provide detailed information about the type and number of libraries that have acquired the material. Using this information, it is possible to infer the type of audience for which the material is intended. A quantitative measure, the audience level, is derived from the types of libraries that have selected the resource. The audience level can be used to refine discovery, analyze collections, advise readers, and enhance reference services.
A hidden square‐root boundary between growth rate and biomass yield
Authors: Wong Wilson W. , Tran Linh M. , Liao James C. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractAlthough the theoretical value of biomass yield can be calculated from metabolic network stoichiometry, the growth rate is difficult to predict. Since the rate and yield can vary independently, no simple relationship has been discovered between these two variables. In this work, we analyzed the well‐accepted enzyme kinetics and uncovered a hidden boundary for growth rate, which is determined by the square‐root of three physiological parameters: biomass yield, the substrate turnover number, and the maximum synthesis rate of the turnover enzyme. Cells cannot grow faster than the square‐root of the product of these parameters. This analysis is supported by experimental data and involves essentially no assumptions except (i) the cell is not undergoing a downshift transition, (ii) substrate uptake enzyme activity is proportional to its copy number. This simple boundary (not correlation) has escaped notice for many decades and suggests that the yield calculation does not predict the growth rate, but gives an upper limit for the growth rate. The relationship also explains how growth rate is affected by the yield and sheds lights on strain design for product formation. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2009;102: 73–80. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Kinetic modeling of cellulosic biomass to ethanol via simultaneous saccharification and fermentation: Part II. Experimental validation using waste paper sludge and anticipation of CFD analysis
Authors: Shao Xiongjun , Lynd Lee , Wyman Charles 
Published: July 2008

AbstractA kinetic model of cellulosic biomass conversion to ethanol via simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) developed previously was validated experimentally using paper sludge as the substrate. Adsorption parameters were evaluated based on the data obtained at various values for fractional cellulose conversion. The adsorption model was then combined with batch SSF data to evaluate the cellulose hydrolysis parameters. With the parameters evaluated for the specific substrate, the discrete model was able to predict SSF successfully both with discrete addition of cellulase only and with discrete feeding of substrate, cellulase, and media. The model tested in this study extends the capability of previous SSF models to semi‐continuous feeding configurations, and invites a mechanistic interpretation of the recently observed trend of increasing conversion with decreasing feeding frequency [Fan et al. (2007a) Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 30(1):27–34]. Our results also support the feasibility and utility of determining adsorption parameters based on data obtained at several conversions, particularly when the model is to be applied to extended reaction times rather than only initial hydrolysis rates. The revised model is considerably more computationally efficient than earlier models, and appears for many conditions to be within the capability of simulation using computational fluid dynamics. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2009;102: 66–72. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Kinetic modeling of cellulosic biomass to ethanol via simultaneous saccharification and fermentation: Part I. Accommodation of intermittent feeding and analysis of staged reactors
Authors: Shao Xiongjun , Lynd Lee , Wyman Charles , Bakker André 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe model of South et al. [South et al. (1995) Enzyme Microb Technol 17(9): 797–803] for simultaneous saccharification of fermentation of cellulosic biomass is extended and modified to accommodate intermittent feeding of substrate and enzyme, cascade reactor configurations, and to be more computationally efficient. A dynamic enzyme adsorption model is found to be much more computationally efficient than the equilibrium model used previously, thus increasing the feasibility of incorporating the kinetic model in a computational fluid dynamic framework in the future. For continuous or discretely fed reactors, it is necessary to use particle conversion in conversion‐dependent hydrolysis rate laws rather than reactor conversion. Whereas reactor conversion decreases due to both reaction and exit of particles from the reactor, particle conversion decreases due to reaction only. Using the modified models, it is predicted that cellulose conversion increases with decreasing feeding frequency (feedings per residence time, f). A computationally efficient strategy for modeling cascade reactors involving a modified rate constant is shown to give equivalent results relative to an exhaustive approach considering the distribution of particles in each successive fermenter. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2009;102: 59–65. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Dependence of computed tomography volume measurements upon section thickness: An application to human dry skulls
Authors: Sahin Bunyamin , Mazonakis Michael , Akan Huseyin , Kaplan Suleyman , Bek Yuksel 
Published: July 2008

AbstractEstimation of intracranial volume (ICV) using computed tomography (CT) scans has previously been described. However, we were not able to identify a gold standard study that analyzed the effect of section thickness on the estimation of ICV. Therefore, we conducted the present study, scanning five dry skulls in the coronal and axial planes using a multislice CT machine (Toshiba TSX‐101A, Aquilion 16 Slice, Tochigi, Japan). Consecutive sections of variable thicknesses of 2, 3, 5, 7, and 10 mm, respectively, were used to estimate ICV by means of the planimetry method of the Cavalieri principle. All estimations were done by the same observer. However, the estimated volumes did not concur with the actual volumes of the skulls as determined by the fluid displacement technique (P < 0.05). In fact, results revealed that the section thicknesses created over‐ or under‐projection effects for the estimated volumes. The results were analyzed to reveal the deviation principles of the estimates based on section thickness. Prediction formulas were calculated to estimate the deviation percentage of the ICV depending on section thickness and section plane. Ultimately, the results showed that the effect of section thickness on ICV estimates could not be overlooked, but that the values obtained could be corrected using the proposed prediction formulas presented in this study. Clin. Anat. 21:479–485, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Staying or returning: Pre‐migration influences on the migration process of German migrants to New Zealand
Authors: Bürgelt Petra T. , Morgan Mandy , Pernice Regina 
Published: July 2008

AbstractChanges in migrants' backgrounds and societies sending and receiving migrants might increase adaptation issues and reduce retention. To enhance migrants' well‐being/health and their likelihood of staying it is necessary to gain an understanding of psychological and social factors that contribute to resilience and adaptation. This paper presents findings from a qualitative study that investigated the experiences, interpretations and actions of German migrant couples to New Zealand throughout the whole migration process to identify these factors. In depth, episodic interviews were conducted with four couples who decided to stay in New Zealand and four couples who decided to return to Germany. Interview data were complemented with participant observation. This paper provides insights into how the pre‐migration experiences, interpretations and actions of German migrants to New Zealand influenced their establishment, their interpretations and actions and consequently adaptation, well‐being/health and the decision whether to stay in New Zealand or to return to Germany. The findings illuminate the influence of psychological and social factors on migration experiences, interpretations and actions throughout the migration process. The paper offers some solutions for addressing the identified barriers to successful migration and integration into host societies. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Territorial sense of community, ethnic prejudice and political orientation
Authors: Prezza Miretta , Zampatti Emanuela , Pacilli Maria G. , Paoliello Annalisa 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThis research focused on territorial sense of community and ethnic prejudice. In particular, we related these two constructs and investigated their relationship to individual characteristics (personal political orientation, contact with immigrants, etc.) and community‐level ones (such as ethnic composition and the political orientation of the local government). Two studies were conducted in four small towns in central and southern Italy. For each study, 160 people were contacted. The instruments used were a questionnaire, the Italian Sense of Community Scale and the Blatant Prejudice Scale. The results showed that territorial sense of community is not related to ethnic prejudice or to the ethnic heterogeneity of the territory. It was also found that people with right‐wing political sympathies revealed higher levels of prejudice than people with left‐wing sympathies. Finally, in a town with a stable and consolidated left‐wing orientation of the local government we found, when the influence of personal political orientation was controlled for, lower levels of prejudice than in a town with a right‐wing orientation. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Political exile and the construction of identity: A life stories approach
Authors: Cornejo Marcela 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThis paper centres its attention on the impact political exile—a result of the 1973 military coup in Chile—had on the life of exiles, particularly on their identity, based on life stories. It examines the life experiences of four groups of exiles living in Belgium following two criteria: (1) whether they remained in the host country or returned to Chile once the political conditions permitted them to do so, and (2) whether they belonged to the first generation (the exiles themselves) or the second generation (the children of exiles). The results are organized into three main categories of analysis: the places of exile, that is the symbolic sites, the different meanings exile has acquired in the personal histories of the interviewees, showing that the main place is where the individual had to test him/herself, the place they seem to have been sent forever; the return, that is the role the prohibition to come back played and still plays today, which has been characterized as a myth, a possibility and an option; and, finally, the narration of exile, which examines special features of the narration of the exile experience viewed retrospectively and in relation to whether the events are still in vigour, thus giving birth to stories about exile after the exile. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Protection, manipulation or interference with relationships? Discourse analysis of New Zealand lawyers' talk about supervised access and partner violence
Authors: Pond Rachael , Morgan Mandy 
Published: July 2008

AbstractViolence against women within the context of intimate relationships is a complex social problem in Aotearoa/New Zealand and internationally. Such abuse by men is particularly problematic because of its prevalence, and because of the extent and magnitude of deleterious effects on the health and psychological well‐being of women and children. In New Zealand, the legal system is assumed to play an important role in protecting women and children from domestic violence. Through the Domestic Violence Act 1995 and the amended Guardianship Act 1968, persons who are physically, sexually or psychologically abusive to their children, or to their partner whilst children are present, may only be entitled to supervised access to these children. Although supervised access has been found to increase the safety of women and children, it remains a contentious issue. Because of the role that legal professionals have in the implementation of relevant legislation, the present research explored how lawyers make sense of supervised access in the context of domestic violence. Eighteen male and female lawyers were interviewed. Their interview transcripts were then subject to discourse analysis. This paper illustrates and discusses discourses used in relation to supervised access, including those that support protecting children from the harm of domestic violence through supervised access, and those that challenge the need for children's protection. Within the cluster of latter discourses, supervised access was not considered a means of balancing children's relationships with both parents with children's need for protection, or a way of enabling men to have a safe relationship with their children. Rather, it was constructed as violating men's rights to a relationship with their children, and children's right to a relationship with both parents. The prevalence of discourses opposing supervised access could affect the likelihood of women obtaining protection orders and supervised access conditions, and hence, women and children's safety. However, perpetuation of ‘supportive’ discourses could enhance women and children's well‐being, and facilitate safe ongoing relationships between children and non‐custodial parents. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Conditions for dialogue and illuminating inequality in multicultural societies
Authors: Chryssides Alison 
Published: July 2008

AbstractIn a recent article, Nesbitt‐Larking (2007) postulated the notion of ‘deep multiculturalism’, dependent, at least in part, on dialogue and on ‘host’ societies questioning their core values. In this commentary I suggest that whilst such a proposal is indeed a worthy ideal, the social psychological processes underpinning how this can be achieved need to be adequately addressed if such a vision is to become a reality. Using Social Representation Theory, I hope to explicate the operation of power, ideologies and collective memory on the process of representation, and suggest that understanding this process may better enable one to manage the obstacles involved in a project of deep multiculturalism. Drawing on Whiteness studies, I suggest that for a host society to question their core values, certain unconsciously held values need first to be illuminated; however, in so doing, I postulate that caution is exercised in order that such exposure does not perpetuate racialising representations. Using the concepts of anchoring and objectification, I propose that highlighting the similarities and shared experiences of a society's members may be a more successful strategy for achieving deep multiculturalism, than focusing on diversity and difference. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dissolving the Diaspora
Authors: Garner Steve 
Published: July 2008

Abstract[Dissolving the Diaspora] provides a Canadian perspective on the problem of intergration viewed through the prism of a particular understanding of multiculturalism. In this article the three key themes; the conceptualisation of diversities, diaspora and dialogue, are identified, and these conceptes are engaged with critically. I argue that despite the many advantages of the multicultural paradigm, there are still a number of fault lines that require critical attention, among which are the relationship of culture to class, and the failure to fully incorporate racism in its vocabulary. I suggest, using the phrase ‘the grammar of social location’, that the language of multiculturalism still ties us to a relatively static model of culture and away from an analysis of the complexity of inequalities. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cobalt‐Mediated Radical Polymerization of Acrylonitrile: Kinetics Investigations and DFT Calculations
Authors: Debuigne Antoine , Michaux Catherine , Jérôme Christine , Jérôme Robert , Poli Rinaldo , Detrembleur Christophe 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe successful controlled homopolymerization of acrylonitrile (AN) by cobalt‐mediated radical polymerization (CMRP) is reported for the first time. As a rule, initiation of the polymerization was carried out starting from a conventional azo‐initiator (V‐70) in the presence of bis(acetylacetonato)cobalt(II) ([Co(acac)2]) but also by using organocobalt(III) adducts. Molar concentration ratios of the reactants, the temperature, and the solvent were tuned, and the effect of these parameters on the course of the polymerization is discussed in detail. The best level of control was observed when the AN polymerization was initiated by an organocobalt(III) adduct at 0 °C in dimethyl sulfoxide. Under these conditions, poly(acrylonitrile) with a predictable molar mass and molar mass distribution as low as 1.1 was prepared. A combination of kinetic data, X‐ray analyses, and DFT calculations were used to rationalize the results and to draw conclusions on the key role played by the solvent molecules in the process. These important mechanistic insights also permit an explanation of the unexpected “solvent effect” that allows the preparation of well‐defined poly(vinyl acetate)‐b‐poly(acrylonitrile) by CMRP.