bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cannabidiol use in France in 2022: Results from a nationwide representative sample of adults
Authors: Barré Tangui , Lahaie Emmanuel , Di Beo Vincent , Carrieri Patrizia , Andler Raphaël , Nguyen‐Thanh Viêt , Beck François 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIntroductionCannabidiol (CBD) is a non‐intoxicating cannabis compound found in diverse commercial products worldwide. However, its use may not be fully harmless. Accordingly, it is important to document the prevalence of CBD use and user characteristics in the general population.MethodsWe conducted a nationwide survey from a random sample of adults living in France using computer‐assisted telephone interviews between 2 March and 9 July 2022. We estimated the prevalence of CBD awareness and CBD use, and explored the different routes of administration. We also performed logistic regression models to identify factors associated with past‐year CBD use.ResultsBased on data from 3229 participants, we estimated that 71.0% (95% confidence interval) (69.0–73.0) of the French adult population had heard of CBD, and 10.1% (8.7–11.4) had used it in the previous year. Past‐year CBD use was associated with younger age, a higher educational level, not living in a middle‐sized urban unit, tobacco consumption and e‐cigarette use. The most common route of administration was smoking (56.1%).Discussion and ConclusionPast‐year CBD use prevalence in France appeared to be as high as that for cannabis. Proper prevention, regulation and control of CBD products is necessary to ensure that people have access to safe and high‐quality products. Reliable information on CBD should be sought and disseminated, especially regarding the harms associated with smoking the compound.
Dual glucagon‐like peptide‐1 and glucagon receptor agonism reduces energy intake in type 2 diabetes with obesity
Authors: Golubic Rajna , Kennet Jane , Parker Victoria , Robertson Darren , Luo Dan , Hansen Lars , Jermutus Lutz , Ambery Phil , Ryaboshapkina Maria , Surakala Manasa , Laker Rhianna C. , Venables Michelle , Koulman Albert , Park Adrian , Evans Mark 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAimsTo establish which components of energy balance mediate the clinically significant weight loss demonstrated with use of cotadutide, a glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1)/glucagon receptor dual agonist, in early‐phase studies.Materials and MethodsWe conducted a phase 2a, single‐centre, randomized, placebo‐controlled trial in overweight and obese adults with type 2 diabetes. Following a 16‐day single‐blind placebo run‐in, participants were randomized 2:1 to double‐blind 42‐day subcutaneous treatment with cotadutide (100–300 μg daily) or placebo. The primary outcome was percentage weight change. Secondary outcomes included change in energy intake (EI) and energy expenditure (EE).ResultsA total of 12 participants (63%) in the cotadutide group and seven (78%) in the placebo group completed the study. The mean (90% confidence interval [CI]) weight change was −4.0% (−4.9%, −3.1%) and −1.4% (−2.7%, −0.1%) for the cotadutide and placebo groups, respectively (p = 0.011). EI was lower with cotadutide versus placebo (−41.3% [−66.7, −15.9]; p = 0.011). Difference in EE (per kJ/kg lean body mass) for cotadutide versus placebo was 1.0% (90% CI −8.4, 10.4; p = 0.784), assessed by doubly labelled water, and −6.5% (90% CI −9.3, −3.7; p < 0.001), assessed by indirect calorimetry.ConclusionWeight loss with cotadutide is primarily driven by reduced EI, with relatively small compensatory changes in EE.
Influence of new complete dentures on the touch perception threshold and quality of life of edentulous patients
Authors: Penitente Paulo Augusto , Onuki Victoria Tiyemi Lopes , Goiato Júlio César Vieira , da Silva Emily Vivianne Freitas , de Moraes Melo Neto Clóvis Lamartine , Turcio Karina Helga Leal , de Magalhães Bertoz André Pinheiro , dos Santos Daniela Micheline , Goiato Marcelo Coelho 
Published: April 2024

ObjectiveTo evaluate the touch perception threshold of the alveolar mucosa and quality of life of edentulous patients before (T0) and 30 days after (T1) the insertion of new complete dentures.BackgroundTouch perception is important so that edentulous patients can detect the position of complete dentures in their mouth.Materials and methodsThis study included 32 complete denture wearers with good oral and systemic health and no temporomandibular disorders for at least 5 years. At each time point (T0 and T1), two tests were performed (touch perception threshold and quality‐of‐life scale). The touch perception threshold (Von Frey or Semmes–Weinstein test) was assessed using nylon monofilaments on the regions of the alveolar mucosa of the maxilla and mandible. The Oral Health Impact Profile for edentulous individuals (OHIP‐EDENT) was administered to evaluate oral health‐related quality of life.ResultsIn the maxilla and mandible, the touch perception thresholds for all regions of the alveolar mucosa were significantly lower at T1 than at T0. The OHIP‐EDENT mean scores showed that the overall quality of life was significantly better at T1 (3.6) than at T0 (4.7), and a significant improvement in quality of life was observed in all domains of the OHIP‐EDENT at T1. For touch perception threshold, effect sizes ranged from 0.4 to 0.8; and for quality of life, effect sizes ranged from 0.4 to 1.0.ConclusionsNew complete dentures reduced the touch perception threshold of the alveolar mucosa of both edentulous arches and improved individuals' quality of life.
Prognostic significance of sentinel lymph node biopsy in elderly with cutaneous melanoma: systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Martínez Campayo Nieves , Paradela de la Morena Sabela , Pértega‐Díaz Sonia , Tejera Vaquerizo Antonio , Fonseca Eduardo 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSentinel lymph node biopsy is the most powerful prognostic indicator to date for cutaneous melanoma. Even though elderly patients have a lower incidence of sentinel node involvement, its results are still necessary for access to adjuvant therapies. This is highly relevant considering that the Western population shows an aging trend, and the incidence of melanoma has grown exponentially over the years, making elderly patients more likely to die from melanoma than younger ones. We performed a systematic review to investigate the prognostic significance of sentinel lymph node biopsy in elderly patients with melanoma. The systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines and registered in PROSPERO. The authors searched the Cochrane Database, EMBASE, PubMed, and WOS. Eligible studies for the systematic review were clinical trials, observational population studies, clinical or hospital‐based cohort studies, and case–control studies. The meta‐analysis was conducted using the R software program applying the meta package. Six reports were identified to meet the inclusion criteria. All studies were retrospective, non‐randomized cohorts. The results obtained in this systematic review show a statistically significant influence of sentinel lymph node biopsy on disease‐specific survival (HR = 2.87; 95% CI: 1.73–4.74) but also suggest that a positive result negatively impacts disease‐free survival (HR = 3.41; 95% CI: 0.96–12.11). This meta‐analysis shows that a positive sentinel lymph node biopsy does not imply differences in overall survival but significantly influences disease‐specific survival and suggests an unfavorable impact on disease‐free survival.
Echo‐intensity characterization at implant sites and novel diagnostic ultrasonographic markers for peri‐implantitis
Authors: Galarraga‐Vinueza Maria Elisa , Barootchi Shayan , Mancini Leonardo , Sabri Hamoun , Schwarz Frank , Gallucci German O. , Tavelli Lorenzo 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAimTo apply high‐frequency ultrasound (HFUS) echo intensity for characterizing peri‐implant tissues at healthy and diseased sites and to investigate the possible ultrasonographic markers of health versus disease.Materials and MethodsSixty patients presenting 60 implants diagnosed as healthy (N = 30) and peri‐implantitis (N = 30) were assessed with HFUS. HFUS scans were imported into a software where first‐order greyscale outcomes [i.e., mean echo intensity (EI)] and second‐order greyscale outcomes were assessed. Other ultrasonographic outcomes of interest involved the vertical extension of the hypoechoic supracrestal area (HSA), soft‐tissue area (STA) and buccal bone dehiscence (BBD), among others.ResultsHFUS EI mean values obtained from peri‐implant soft tissue at healthy and diseased sites were 122.9 ± 19.7 and 107.9 ± 24.7 grey levels (GL); p = .02, respectively. All the diseased sites showed the appearance of an HSA that was not present in healthy implants (area under the curve = 1). The proportion of HSA/STA was 37.9% ± 14.8%. Regression analysis showed that EI of the peri‐implant soft tissue was significantly different between healthy and peri‐implantitis sites (odds ratio 0.97 [95% confidence interval: 0.94–0.99], p = .019).ConclusionsHFUS EI characterization of peri‐implant tissues shows a significant difference between healthy and diseased sites. HFUS EI and the presence/absence of an HSA may be valid diagnostic ultrasonographic markers to discriminate peri‐implant health status.
Interactions between microsporidia and other members of the microbiome
Authors: Tersigni Jonathan , Tamim El Jarkass Hala , James Edward B. , Reinke Aaron W. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe microbiome is the collection of microbes that are associated with a host. Microsporidia are intracellular eukaryotic parasites that can infect most types of animals. In the last decade, there has been much progress to define the relationship between microsporidia and the microbiome. In this review, we cover an increasing number of reports suggesting that microsporidia are common components of the microbiome in both invertebrates and vertebrates. These microsporidia infections can range from mutualistic to pathogenic, causing several physiological phenotypes, including death. Infection with microsporidia often causes a disruption in the normal microbiome, with both increases and decreases of bacterial, fungal, viral, and protozoan species being observed. This impact on the microbiome can occur through upregulation and downregulation of innate immunity as well as morphological changes to tissues that impact interactions with these microbes. Other microbes, particularly bacteria, can inhibit microsporidia and have been exploited to control microsporidia infections. These bacteria can function through regulating immunity, secreting anti‐microsporidia compounds, and, in engineered versions, expressing double‐stranded RNA targeting microsporidia genes. We end this review by discussing potential future directions to further understand the complex interactions between microsporidia and the other members of the microbiome.
Identification of long‐preserved specimens reveals the historical geographic range of the Patagonian lamprey Geotria macrostoma (Burmeister, 1868) in southern South America
Authors: Riva Rossi Carla , Renaud Claude B. , Quiroga Pamela , Baker Cindy F. , Baigún Claudio , Potter Ian C. , Neira Francisco J. , Morawicki Santiago N. , Solimano Patricio 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe lamprey genus Geotria Gray, 1851 currently includes only two species: G. australis and G. macrostoma. However, taxonomic relationships within the genus have traditionally been ambiguous and difficult to establish due to the extreme changes in morphology, dentition, and coloration that lampreys undergo during their life cycles, particularly during upstream migration and sexual maturation. Consequently, several lamprey specimens held in museum collections have remained unidentified, especially those from Argentina. In this study, a series of morphometric characters were subjected to discriminant function analysis (DFA) to identify the lamprey species collected during 1867–2004 from the de la Plata River and Patagonia. These specimens are housed at the Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia” in Buenos Aires, the Museo de Historia Natural de Montevideo, and the Naturhistoriska riksmuseet in Stockholm. Based on the proportions of the length of the oral disc, prebranchial, and pre‐caudal body regions, and the depth of the trunk, DFA provided conclusive evidence that the specimens corresponded to the recently revalidated G. macrostoma (Burmeister, 1868), which was originally incorrectly named as Petromyzon macrostomus Burmeister, 1868, Exomegas macrostomus (Berg, 1899), Geotria chilensis (Berg, 1895), and Geotria macrostoma f. gallegensis Smitt, 1901, as well as other nontype museum individuals of uncertain taxonomic status. The identifications of these long‐preserved museum specimens provided key information on the historical geographic range of Argentinian lampreys and suggest that the disappearance of the species reported from northern localities (the Pampean Region) can be attributed to the degradation of their critical habitats, primarily caused by anthropogenic impact and climate change.
Effect of pH‐shifting treatment on the structural characteristics and nutritional quality of the ultrasonically extracted protein isolate from soybean meal
Authors: Das Dipak , Panesar Parmjit S. , Saini Charanjiv S. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSoybean meal is an underutilized byproduct of the soybean oil processing industry, which is rich in high quality protein but mostly used as an animal feed. Valorization of soybean meal on a large scale is possible by extracting protein isolate and modifying its structural characteristics through pH‐shifting or ultrasonic treatment, which has a direct association with the better functional properties of protein isolate. The present study aimed to evaluate the impact of pH‐shifting treatment on the structural characteristics and nutritional quality of ultrasonically extracted soybean meal protein isolate (SMPI). The results showed that the pH shifted SMPI had higher hydrophobicity (60.5–104.3) and free sulfhydryl group (22.67–24.45 μmol/g) than without pH shifted SMPI (53.5 and 19.67 μmol/g, respectively). The fluorescence intensity of the SMPI treated at extreme acidic and alkaline pH was higher than that of other pH‐treated samples. The ꞵ‐sheet (39.68%) components of SMPI treated at pH 10 showed the highest value when compared to other pH‐treated (38.18–39.26%). The alkaline pH‐treated sample had higher concentration of essential amino acids (36.16 g/100 g) than other acidic or near neutral pH‐treated sample (30.06–32.30 g/100 g). The quality parameters such as biological value (67.62), and amino acid index (72.77) were higher for the SMPI treated at pH 10 as compared to the SMPI treated at other pH conditions. Hence, the pH‐treatment method can be utilized as an effective technique to improve the characteristics of SMPI, which will increases its applications in various food sectors.Practical ApplicationsThe current investigation demonstrated that pH‐shifting treatment had a substantial impact on the structural and nutritional quality of the soybean meal protein isolate extracted by ultrasonication. Improvements in soybean meal protein's surface hydrophobicity, free sulfhydryl groups, and secondary structural components will expand its uses in the dairy, bread, meat, and infant food development industries, among other food sectors as these structural changes improve the functionality of protein. Furthermore, the treatment of soybean meal protein isolate with pH shifting led to a considerable increase in nutritional quality, as measured by the essential amino acid composition, essential amino acid index, and protein efficiency ratio, which is expected to increase its utilization in novel food product development.
A Qualitative Exploration of Self‐Advocacy Experiences of Black Women in the Perinatal Period: Who Is Listening?
Authors: Hagan Thomas Teresa , Vetterly Savannah , Kaselitz Elizabeth B. , Doswell Willa , Braxter Betty 
Published: April 2024

IntroductionBlack women face poor maternal health outcomes including being over 3 times more likely to die from pregnancy complications than White women. Yet the lived experience of how these women self‐advocate has not been clearly explored. The goal of this cross‐sectional qualitative study was to describe the lived experiences of Black women advocating for their needs and priorities during the perinatal period.MethodsBetween January and October of 2022, we recruited Black women from obstetric clinics, research registries, and community advocacy groups who were either in their third trimester of pregnancy or within a year postpartum. Participants completed one‐on‐one interviews describing their experiences of self‐advocacy. These data were analyzed using descriptive content analysis approaches that summarized women's experiences by iteratively creating major themes and subthemes that encapsulate their self‐advocacy descriptions.ResultsFifteen Black women completed interviews. Major themes and subthemes describing women's experience of self‐advocacy were the following: (1) carrying a burden with subthemes of having to be good and easy, not trusting health care information and providers, and being dismissed; (2) building comfort with health care providers with subthemes of trusting I have a good provider, comfort in knowing they understand, and wanting low‐touch, high‐concern care; and (3) advocating for my child and myself when I need to with subthemes of going with the flow, becoming informed, pushing to ask questions, and balancing being proactive and pushy.DiscussionWomen reported self‐advocating mainly due to experiences related to the burdens associated with not trusting providers and health care information. These findings provide clarity to how women carefully balance between ensuring their health is taken seriously while not jeopardizing their health or that of their newborn. This study offers promising directions to support Black women in advocating for their perinatal health care needs and values.
Cyclic loading failed to promote growth in a pig model of midfacial hypoplasia
Authors: Herring Susan W. , Rafferty Katherine L. , Shin David U. , Smith Kelsey , Baldwin Michael C. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractYucatan miniature pigs, often used as large animal models in clinical research, are distinguished by a breed‐specific midfacial hypoplasia with anterior crossbite. Although this deformity can be corrected by distraction osteogenesis, a less invasive method is desirable. We chose a mechanical cyclic stimulation protocol that has been successful in enhancing sutural growth in small animals and in a pilot study on standard pigs. Yucatan minipigs (n = 14) were obtained in pairs, with one of each pair randomly assigned to sham or loaded groups. All animals had loading implants installed on the right nasal and frontal bones and received labels for cell proliferation and mineral apposition. After a week of healing and under anesthesia, experimental animals received cyclic tensile loads (2.5 Hz, 30 min) delivered to the right nasofrontal suture daily for 5 days. Sutural strains were recorded at the final session for experimental animals. Sham animals received the same treatment except without loading or strain gauge placement. In contrast to pilot results on standard pigs, the treatment did not produce the expected sutural widening and increased growth. Although sutures were not fused and strains were in the normal range, the targeted right nasofrontal suture was narrowed rather than widened, with no statistically significant changes in sutural cell proliferation, mineral apposition, or vascularity. In general, Yucatan minipig sutures were more vascular than those of standard pigs and also tended to have more proliferating cells. In conclusion, either because the sutures themselves are abnormal or because of growth restrictions elsewhere in the skull, this cyclic loading protocol was unable to produce the desired response of sutural widening and growth. This treatment, effective in normal animals, did not improve naturally occurring midfacial hypoplasia in Yucatan minipigs.
Phytochemicals demonstrate potential fungicidal activity against Fusarium commune, a newly identified pathogenic fungus causing rhizome rot in Polygonatum cyrtonema (giant Chinese Solomon's seal)
Authors: Wei Guoyu , Zhao Wei , Xu Huayang , Wang Guangming , Wang Hualei , Hu Anlong 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPolygonatum cyrtonema (giant Chinese Solomon's seal) is a perennial herb belonging to the family Liliaceae, with significant medicinal and dietary value. However, a severe rhizome rot has led to a decline in the yield and quality of this species. In this study, a fungus was isolated from symptomatic rhizome samples and identified as Fusarium commune through molecular and morphological analyses. In pathogenicity tests, the identification of F. commune as the causative agent of rhizome rot was confirmed by fulfilling Koch's postulates. Biological characteristics indicated that the optimal growth conditions for F. commune were a temperature of 25°C, pH of 8, carbon source of soluble starch, nitrogen source of peptone and a photoperiod of 24 h light. In order to reduce the use of chemical fungicides and explore natural substances to control the disease, the sensitivity of F. commune to seven phytochemicals was studied. Four phytochemicals (honokiol, 2‐allylphenol, magnolol and carvacrol) showed inhibitory activity, with honokiol having a 50% of the maximal effect concentration (EC50) of 9.99 ± 0.14 mg/L. The results of pot experiment showed that the four phytochemicals had significant control efficacy on the rhizome rot of P. cyrtonema, and the highest control efficacy was observed with honokiol. These findings provide a scientific basis for the control of rhizome rot in P. cyrtonema.
Perceptions of mental health screening and referral to treatment in National Dental‐Practice Based Research Network practices: A qualitative study
Authors: Berryhill M. Blake , Culmer Nathan , Smith Todd , Kopycka‐Kedzierawski Dorota , Gurganus Ria , Curry Gabrielle 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectivesDental practices can have additional positive impacts on public health by implementing mental health screening and referral to treatment in dental care workflows. In this study, we examined how dental practices identify and address adult patient mental health concerns, attitudes about implementing mental health screening and referral, and potential barriers and facilitators to treatment.MethodsWe conducted semi‐structured focus groups with 17 dentists, 10 dental hygienists, and 5 dental assistants/office staff in the South‐Central region of the National Dental Practice‐Based Research Network. Transcribed interviews were analyzed using thematic analysis.ResultsWe identified five main themes from dental practitioners and office staff responses. Practitioners and office staff: (1) discover patient mental health concerns through record review, patient/caregiver disclosure, and patient observation; (2) respond to patients' mental health concerns by making the patient more comfortable, documenting the concern in the patient's chart, and directly addressing the mental health concern; (3) want a systematic process for mental health screening and referral to treatment in their dental office; (4) recognize potential barriers in implementing health screening and referral to treatment processes; (5) desire training on mental health matters. An overarching theme emerged: developing a trusting relationship with patients.ConclusionsParticipants noted the importance of implementing systematic procedures for mental health screening and referral to services into dental practices, while also recognizing the potential barriers for integrating such processes. They also expressed a desire for quality training and resources that can support better care for patients with mental health concerns.