bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Number of training sessions does not change program effectiveness
Authors: Scharf Laura , Bell Paul A. , Smith Sara Anne 
Published: November 2006

Purpose: Exploratory study that examines outcomes of alternative Alzheimer's Savvy Caregiver Program (SCP) training formats for rural participants. Method: 101 caregivers completed surveys before training in one-, two-, or three-day sessions and at six-month phone interview follow-up. Immediate post-training evaluations were also obtained. Results: Regardless of format, participants viewed training as excellent, used SCP materials at six-month follow-up and increased participation in support groups. Implications: Substantial modification in SCP to meet special needs of rural caregivers appears not to sacrifice desired outcomes.
Bilateral Training Does Not Facilitate Performance of Copying Tasks in Poststroke Hemiplegia
Authors: Tijs E. , Matyas T. A. 
Published: November 2006

Objective. Previous studies in rehabilitation in poststroke hemiplegia have suggested that brief periods of bilateral training improve subsequent unilateral performance of the paretic upper limb. The bilateral training protocol involved task-specific practice using both upper limbs simultaneously and homologously (such that they mirrored each other). This study aimed to determine the generalizability of the bilateral training phenomenon by replicating the work with different tasks, measures, and a different experimenter. Methods.Five single-case experiments were performed using a within-participant multiple-baseline design. Participants with post-stroke hemiplegia underwent 25 to 40 daily training sessions involving repetitive practice of 3 copying tasks. Pen movements were recorded on a digitizing pad. During the baseline phase, participants performed tasks unilaterally with their hemiplegic limb. Bilateral therapy was then applied in a staggered fashion to each task in turn. Quality of movement was measured in terms of temporal performance (jerkiness, speed, task duration), spatial performance (accuracy of copy), and arm posture (pen tilt). Results. Movement quality of the hemiplegic limb was not improved during or subsequent to regular bilateral training. Conclusions. The training phenomenon observed in previous work was not replicated when participants with hemiplegia practiced copying tasks bilaterally.
Emodin and DHA potently increase arsenic trioxide interferon-α–induced cell death of HTLV-I–transformed cells by generation of reactive oxygen species and inhibition of Akt and AP-1
Authors: Brown Megan , Bellon Marcia , Nicot Christophe 
Published: November 2006

Abstract
Adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) is an aggressive lymphoproliferative disease of poor clinical prognosis associated with infection by the human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I). The use of arsenic trioxide (As2O3) has been shown to effectively treat acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) with greater than 80% of patients achieving complete remission. The combination of arsenic and interferon has also shown promising results in the treatment of ATL. The requirement for slow dosage increases of arsenic and the time required to achieve a pharmacologic active dose in patients is a major obstacle because median survival of patients with ATL is about 6 months. In this study we report a potent synergistic effect of the combination of arsenic trioxide and interferon α (As/IFN-α) with emodin and DHA on cell-cycle arrest and cell death of HTLV-I–infected cells. Importantly, we found that clinically achievable doses of DHA and emodin allowed for reduced arsenic concentrations by 100-fold while still remaining highly toxic to tumor cells. Our data provide a rationale for combined use of As/IFN-α with emodin and DHA in patients with ATL refractory to conventional therapy.
Evidence for the multimeric structure of ferroportin
Authors: De Domenico Ivana , Ward Diane McVey , Musci Giovanni , Kaplan Jerry 
Published: November 2006

Abstract
Ferroportin (Fpn) (IREG1, SLC40A1, MTP1) is an iron transporter, and mutations in Fpn result in a genetically dominant form of iron overload disease. Previously, we demonstrated that Fpn is a multimer and that mutations in Fpn are dominant negative. Other studies have suggested that Fpn is not a multimer and that overexpression or epitope tags might affect the localization, topology, or multimerization of Fpn. We generated wild-type Fpn with 3 different epitopes, GFP, FLAG, and c-myc, and expressed these constructs in cultured cells. Co-expression of any 2 different epitope-tagged proteins in the same cell resulted in their quantitative coimmunoprecipitation. Treatment of Fpn-GFP/Fpn-FLAG–expressing cells with crosslinking reagents resulted in the crosslinking of Fpn-GFP and Fpn-FLAG. Western analysis of rat glioma C6 cells or mouse bone marrow macrophages exposed to crosslinking reagents showed that endogenous Fpn is a dimer. These results support the hypothesis that the dominant inheritance of Fpn–iron overload disease is due to the dominant-negative effects of mutant Fpn proteins.
Dendritic cell-mediated HIV-1 transmission to T cells of LAD-1 patients is impaired due to the defect in LFA-1
Authors: Groot Fedde , Kuijpers Taco W , Berkhout Ben , de Jong Esther C 
Published: November 2006

Abstract

Background
Dendritic cells (DC) have been proposed to mediate sexual HIV-1 transmission by capturing the virus in the mucosa and subsequently presenting it to CD4+ T cells. We have demonstrated before that DC subsets expressing higher levels of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) are better HIV-1 transmitters. ICAM-1 binds leukocyte function-associated molecule-1 (LFA-1) on T cells, an integrin responsible for adhesion and signaling at the immunological synapse. To corroborate the importance of the ICAM-1— LFA-1 interaction, we performed transmission experiments to LFA-1 negative leukocytes from Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency type 1 (LAD-1) patients.

Results
We clearly show that DC-mediated HIV-1 transmission to LAD-1 T cells is impaired in comparison to healthy controls. Furthermore, HIV-1 transmission to T cells from a unique LAD-1 patient with a well characterized LFA-1 activation defect was impaired as well, demonstrating that activation of LFA-1 is crucial for efficient transmission. Decreased cell adhesion between DC and LAD-1 T cells could also be illustrated by significantly smaller DC-T cell clusters after HIV-1 transmission.

Conclusion
By making use of LFA-1 defect cells from unique patients, this study provides more insight into the mechanism of HIV-1 transmission by DC. This may offer new treatment options to reduce sexual transmission of HIV-1.
HIV-1 infection and CD4 T cell depletion in the humanized Rag2-/-γc-/-(RAG-hu) mouse model
Authors: Berges Bradford K , Wheat William H , Palmer Brent E , Connick Elizabeth , Akkina Ramesh 
Published: November 2006

Abstract

Background
The currently well-established humanized mouse models, namely the hu-PBL-SCID and SCID-hu systems played an important role in HIV pathogenesis studies. However, despite many notable successes, several limitations still exist. They lack multi-lineage human hematopoiesis and a functional human immune system. These models primarily reflect an acute HIV infection with rapid CD4 T cell loss thus limiting pathogenesis studies to a short-term period. The new humanized Rag2-/-γc-/- mouse model (RAG-hu) created by intrahepatic injection of CD34 hematopoietic stem cells sustains long-term multi-lineage human hematopoiesis and is capable of mounting immune responses. Thus, this model shows considerable promise to study long-term in vivo HIV infection and pathogenesis.

Results
Here we demonstrate that RAG-hu mice produce human cell types permissive to HIV-1 infection and that they can be productively infected by HIV-1 ex vivo. To assess the capacity of these mice to sustain long-term infection in vivo, they were infected by either X4-tropic or R5-tropic HIV-1. Viral infection was assessed by PCR, co-culture, and in situ hybridization. Our results show that both X4 and R5 viruses are capable of infecting RAG-hu mice and that viremia lasts for at least 30 weeks. Moreover, HIV-1 infection leads to CD4 T cell depletion in peripheral blood and thymus, thus mimicking key aspects of HIV-1 pathogenesis. Additionally, a chimeric HIV-1 NL4-3 virus expressing a GFP reporter, although capable of causing viremia, failed to show CD4 T cell depletion possibly due to attenuation.

Conclusion
The humanized RAG-hu mouse model, characterized by its capacity for sustained multi-lineage human hematopoiesis and immune response, can support productive HIV-1 infection. Both T cell and macrophage tropic HIV-1 strains can cause persistent infection of RAG-hu mice resulting in CD4 T cell loss. Prolonged viremia in the context of CD4 T cell depletion seen in this model mirrors the main features of HIV infection in the human. Thus, the RAG-hu mouse model of HIV-1 infection shows great promise for future in vivo pathogenesis studies, evaluation of new drug treatments, vaccines and novel gene therapy strategies.
BoCaTFBS: a boosted cascade learner to refine the binding sites suggested by ChIP-chip experiments
Authors: Wang Lu-yong , Snyder Michael , Gerstein Mark 
Published: November 2006

AbstractComprehensive mapping of transcription factor binding sites is essential in postgenomic biology. For this, we propose a mining approach combining noisy data from ChIP (chromatin immunoprecipitation)-chip experiments with known binding site patterns. Our method (BoCaTFBS) uses boosted cascades of classifiers for optimum efficiency, in which components are alternating decision trees; it exploits interpositional correlations; and it explicitly integrates massive negative information from ChIP-chip experiments. We applied BoCaTFBS within the ENCODE project and showed that it outperforms many traditional binding site identification methods (for instance, profiles).
The reduced GM-CSF priming of ROS production in granulocytes from patients with myelodysplasia is associated with an impaired lipid raft formation
Authors: Fuhler Gwenny M , Blom Nel R , Coffer Paul J , Drayer A Lyndsay , Vellenga Edo 
Published: November 2006

AbstractPatients with myelodysplasia (MDS) show an impaired reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in response to fMLP stimulation of GM-CSF-primed neutrophils. In this study, we investigated the involvement of lipid rafts in this process and showed that treatment of neutrophils with the lipid raft-disrupting agent methyl-β-cyclodextrin abrogates fMLP-induced ROS production and activation of ERK1/2 and protein kinase B/Akt, two signal transduction pathways involved in ROS production in unprimed and GM-CSF-primed neutrophils. We subsequently showed that there was a decreased presence of Lyn, gp91phox, and p22phox in lipid raft fractions from neutrophils of MDS. Furthermore, the plasma membrane expression of the lipid raft marker GM1, which increases upon stimulation of GM-CSF-primed cells with fMLP, was reduced significantly in MDS patients. By electron microscopy, we showed that the fMLP-induced increase in GM1 expression in GM-CSF-primed cells was a result of de novo synthesis, which was less efficient in MDS neutrophils. Taken together, these data indicate an involvement of lipid rafts in activation of signal transduction pathways leading to ROS production and show that in MDS neutrophils, an impaired lipid raft formation in GM-CSF-primed cells results in an impaired ROS production.
Honeybee memory: a honeybee knows what to do and when
Authors: Zhang Shaowu , Schwarz Sebastian , Pahl Mario , Zhu Hong , Tautz Juergen 
Published: November 2006

SUMMARYHoneybees have the ability to flexibly change their preference for a visual pattern according to the context in which a discrimination task is carried out. This study investigated the effect of time of day, task, as well as both parameters simultaneously, as contextual cue(s) in modulating bees' preference for a visual pattern. We carried out three series of experiments to investigate these interactions. The first series of experiments indicated that trained bees can reverse their pattern preference following midday breaks, as well as an overnight break, at the feeder and at the hive. The second series of experiments showed that trained bees are able to reverse their pattern preference in just a few minutes, depending on whether they are going out to forage or returning to the hive. The third series of experiments demonstrated that trained bees can significantly reverse their pattern preference at the feeder and at the hive entrance following midday breaks, as well as after an overnight break; the bees could also learn to choose different patterns at the feeder and at the hive entrance within each testing period. The training thus imposed a learnt pattern preference on the bees' daily circadian rhythm. This study demonstrates that the bee with a tiny brain possesses a sophisticated memory, and is able to remember tasks within a temporal context. Honey bees can thus `plan' their activities in time and space, and use context to determine which action to perform and when.
Otosclerosis: Relationship of spiral ligament hyalinization to sensorineural hearing loss
Authors: Parahy Christian , Linthicum Fred H. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe sensorineural component of a mixed hearing loss due to otosclerosis is generally accepted as due to the otosclerotic lesion. The existence of pure cochlear otosclerosis without stapes fixation has been questioned. However, we are documenting 7 such cases in a separate publication. Results of this study, which evaluates 46 temporal bones with clinical or cochlear otosclerosis, demonstrate that the degree of sensorineural loss is directly related to the amount of hyalinization of the spiral ligament. The hyalinization occurs adjacent to active otospongiotic lesions but not next to inactive otosclerotic lesions. Both types of lesions may involve the cochlear endosteum. Small channels through the endosteal bone from the lesion to the spiral ligament have been found. The hyalinization spreads laterally from these channels. The hyalinization is presumably a result of the passage of toxic substances (proteolytic enzymes) from the lesion to the ligament. Strial atrophy is most pronounced on ligaments with the greatest degree of hyalinization. Hyalinization in only one ear produces decreased hearing compared to the other ear.
Plasmacytoma of the larynx
Authors: Maniglia Anthony J. , Xue J. W. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractPlasmacytoma involving the larynx is very rare. To the best of our knowledge there are only 79 cases reported in the world literature. We are adding 3 more cases; 2 cases were associated with multiple myeloma and 1 was considered to be a solitary or extramedullar plasmacytoma. The clinical picture was hoarseness and upper airway obstruction. In plasmacytoma of the larynx multiple biopsies are often nondiagnostic, sometimes revealing only chronic inflammation and amyloid infiltration in the tissues. Most authors agree that the treatment of choice is conservative surgical excision and radiation therapy. Surgery may also be reserved to excise residual scar tissue and fibrosis after treatment mainly to improve the airway and eliminate the tracheostomy tube. To confirm the definitive diagnosis of solitary plasmacytoma of the larynx, long‐term follow‐up of many years is necessary in order to rule out multiple myeloma.
Evaluation of and access to posterior orbital tumors
Authors: Osguthorpe J. D. , Saunders R. A. , Adkins W. Y. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractHead and neck surgeons enter the peripheral orbit for the therapy and/or biopsy of the most common expanding lesions, i.e., thyroid ophthalmopathy, direct extension of paranasal disease, pseudotumor and metastases. It is in this space between the bony orbital walls and the extraocular muscle cone that a majority of primary orbital neoplasms occur. The four basic approaches to posterior orbital tumors are: lateral orbitotomy through the temporal fossa with a modified Kronlein procedure, medial orbitotomy utilizing a Lynch incision and lacrimal sac mobilization, superior orbitotomy via a Naffziger frontotemporal crainotomy, and inferior exposure/decompression through the maxillary sinus. Case examples of the former two approaches are presented. None of these standard procedures allows full exposure of the posterior orbit. A combined cranio‐facial‐orbital access to this region utilizing a modified maxillectomy and frontotemporal craniotomy is detailed.
Cavernous sinus thrombophlebitis secondary to sphenoid sinusitis
Authors: Sofferman Robert A. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractCavernous sinus thrombosis is a serious life threatening condition which usually results from midfacial skin infections. Preantibiotic era mortality rates of 80% have improved markedly because of an early awareness of the condition and prompt initiation of parenteral antibiotics. Sphenoid sinusitis is an uncommon associated cause of cavernous sinus infection and is itself a rare and elusive clinical problem. A case of sphenoid sinusitis and concurrent cavernous sinus thrombophlebitis is presented to highlight the clinical diagnostic considerations with special emphasis on bilateral eye signs as indicators of the impending thrombophlebitic process.
Intranasal airway/pack: Description of a new device
Authors: Doyle Donald E. , Stoller Kenneth P. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractWe have designed and developed a new intranasal pack which has been found to be most effective in controlling anterior and posterior epistaxis. Its ease of introduction and patient tolerance make it ideal for treating posterior epistaxis on an outpatient basis, and as packing for septal, sinus, or rhinoplastic surgery. The unique features of a breathing cannula and total intranasal tamponade distinguish this device from all preceding ones.
Evaluation and correction of combined orbital trauma syndrome.
Authors: Stanley Robert B. , Mathog Robert H. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractInjuries to the inferior and lateral orbital walls are traditionally classified as either “blow‐out” or trimalar fractures. This simplified system has helped considerably in the understanding of the causes of the two types of injury and methods of repair. Unfortunately, simultaneous occurrence can cause immediate and delayed problems that potentiate each other. Enophthalmos and globe ptosis, in combination with a depressed malar eminence, present a major challenge to the reconstructive surgeon's efforts to achieve satisfactory function and appearance.This paper reports the results of combined orbital floor and lateral wall injuries as an important clinical trauma syndrome. The interaction of the two fractures with regard to pathophysiology, sequelae, and methods of correction will be discussed. A review of cases will be used to describe the authors' techniques of repair, and to illustrate the preferred methods of bone grafting for correction of retrusion and depression of the globe, muscle entrapment and depression of the malar eminence.
Rhinoscleroma … a diagnostic challenge.
Authors: Stiernberg Charles M. , Clark William D. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractRhinoscleroma is a rare chronic granulomatous infection predominantly affecting the upper respiratory tract. The patient presented here exemplifies several features of the disease, including the fact that diagnosis may elude the clinician for years, and this delay may increase morbidity substantially. The most common initial complaint is nasal obstruction, and physical examination frequently reveals erythematous granular or nodular swellings covered with crusts. Its tumor‐like appearance and local spread arouses suspicion of malignancy, but differential diagnosis also includes fungal infections and numerous granulomatous diseases. The classic histopathology consists of large vacuolated Mikuliz's cells and transformed plasma cells with Russell bodies. Numerous antibiotics have been used for treatment of this infection with varying degrees of success. Long‐term follow‐up is important because these patients can have numerous relapses. Geographic distribution is also discussed.
Diagnosis and cure of venous hum tinnitus.
Authors: Chandler James R. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractSounds arising from abnormalities of or abnormal communications between blood vessels in the neck or cranial cavity may result in objective tinnitus. It is audible to patient and examiner alike. Contrary to the usual subjective tinnitus of non‐vascular origin, it is low pitched and pulsatile in character. That tinnitus which arises from and within the internal jugular vein is particularly important, as it may be loud enough to interfere with sleep, and result in some loss of hearing. Diagnosis is important as it can be cured by simple ligation of the internal jugular vein. Such a case is reported.
Measurement of adductory force of individual laryngeal muscles in an in vivo canine model
Authors: Nasri Sina , Sercarz Joel A. , Azizzadeh Babak , Kreiman Jody , Berke Gerald S. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractIn this experiment, the adductory properties of three intrinsic laryngeal muscles (the thyroarytenoid [TA], lateral cricoarytenoid [LCA], and interarytenoid [IA]) were studied and quantified. Using an in vivo canine laryngeal model, a recently developed “tensionometer” was used to measure the adductory force produced by each of these muscles at the vocal process of the arytenoid. Isolated muscle activation was obtained by stimulating selective terminal branches of the anterior division of the recurrent laryngeal nerve. Results indicate that the LCA is the strongest adductory muscle, followed by the TA and the IA Videolaryngoscopy revealed that LCA contraction causes adduction of the vocal fold and vocal process, with the predominant effect on the process. TA stimulation leads primarily to adduction of vocal fold, and the IA adducts mainly the vocal process. Implications of these findings are discussed.
Pleomorphic adenoma: Effect of tumor spill and inadequate resection on tumor recurrence
Authors: Buchman Craig , Stringer Scott P. , Mendenhall William M. , Parsons James T. , Jordan James R. , Cassisi Nicholas J. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractIntraoperative tumor spill or inadequate resection may be associated with an increase in the recurrence rate of pleomorphic adenoma. An attempt was made to determine the recurrence rate when such factors were identified at the time of operation. From 1970 through 1989, 17 cases were identified in which there was a question of intraoperative tumor spill or inadequate resection of a salivary gland pleomorphic adenoma. Patients were either observed or given postoperative irradiation with a mean follow‐up of 7.4 years. The overall initial local recurrence rate was 24%, and all recurrences were successfully salvaged. Inadequate resection, particularly enucleation, was predictive of local recurrence, but tumor spill was not. Postoperative irradiation after inadequate resection appeared to decrease the probability of recurrence. We conclude that recurrence of pleomorphic adenoma is not increased by tumor spill as compared with inadequate resection.