bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cross‐cultural adaptation of the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Quality of Life Questionnaire into Chinese
Authors: Kong Kok ooi , Ho Hsu Juang , Howe Hwee Siew , Thong Bernard Yu Hor , Lian Tsui Yee , Chng Hiok Hee , Leong Khai Pang ,   Tan Tock Seng Hospital Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Study Group
Published: July 2007

AbstractObjectiveWe have previously validated the English version of the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Quality of Life Questionnaire (SLEQOL) in our patients with lupus. Many of our Chinese patients are not fluent in English and therefore a Chinese version (SLEQOL‐C) has been adapted for their use.MethodsTwo independent translators translated the SLEQOL into Chinese. A consensus version was derived from both sets of translations. Back translation of this version was performed by another 2 independent translators who had neither been involved in the forward translation nor encountered the SLEQOL. The final version, SLEQOL‐C, was finalized after rectifying the discrepancies revealed by the back translation. Linguistic validity was tested in open interviews with bilingual patients with lupus. The SLEQOL‐C and SLEQOL were administered to patients to determine whether they displayed differential item functioning (DIF).ResultsIn general, most of the items in English could be expressed in Chinese precisely, although a few instructions had to be altered slightly to make them more idiomatic. The forward and back translations of the SLEQOL were accomplished without major difficulties. A total of 638 patients were interviewed (62.8% with the SLEQOL and 37.2% with the SLEQOL‐C). Using DIF analysis, there was no detectable test bias due to language use after controlling for repeated observations, age, sex, and ethnicity.ConclusionThe SLEQOL‐C has semantic, idiomatic, and conceptual equivalence to the SLEQOL. The rigorous process of cross‐cultural translation provides some measure of quality in the content validity.
Pharmacokinetics of 6‐hydroxybuspirone and its enantiomers administered individually or following buspirone administration in humans
Authors: Dockens Randy C. , Tran Anh Q. , Zeng Jianing , Croop Robert 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe objective of this study was to assess the pharmacokinetics of 6‐hydroxybuspirone (6OHB) when given orally via three forms: racemate (BMS‐528215), S‐enantiomer (BMS‐442606) and R‐enantiomer (BMS‐442608), versus following the administration of buspirone. A double‐blind, randomized, four‐period, four‐treatment, crossover study balanced for residual effects in healthy subjects was conducted (n=20). Subjects received single 10 mg doses of each compound in a randomized fashion with pharmacokinetics determined over a 24 h period. There was a 4‐day washout between each dosing period. All three forms of 6OHB (racemate, S‐enantiomer and R‐enantiomer) were well tolerated. There was nterconversion between enantiomers. The dominant enantiomer was the S‐enantiomer no matter which form of 6OHB was administered. All three forms of 6OHB produced approximately 2‐ to 3‐fold greater exposure to total 6OHB than did buspirone. All three forms produced equal exposure to 1‐(2‐pyrimidinyl)‐piperazine (1‐PP) which was approximately 30% less than the 1‐PP exposure derived from buspirone administration. All three forms of 6OHB produced approximately 3‐fold higher 6OHB:1‐PP ratios and approximately 2.5‐fold higher total 6OHB exposures than did buspirone administration. All compounds were well tolerated. There seemed to be no advantage of one of the enantiomers of 6OHB over the racemate. Therefore, the racemate was chosen for further clinical development. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synästhesie – die Vermischung der Sinne. Eine Spielart der Evolution im neurophilosophischen Licht
Authors: Emrich Hinderk , Dillo Wolfgang , Zedler Markus 
Published: July 2007

AbstractFarben hören – Geschmack sehen: Synästhetiker erleben eine Vermischung ihrer Sinne. Die Erforschung dieses Phänomens liefert spannende Einblicke in die Art und Weise, wie Sinneseindrücke im menschlichen Gehirn verarbeitet werden. Synästhesie als Lebensform erweist sich als Paradigma eines Selbstverständnisses des Menschen, jenseits einer Physik der Reversibilität, als Paradigma eines Selbstverhältnisses im Sinne einer Physik der Singularität: Die nicht‐lineare Dynamik ist somit in gewissem Sinne eine Physik der Einmaligkeit, des Singulären, des Nicht‐Wiederholbaren.
Herbizide – neue Wirkstoffe gegen die Malaria? Ein Zellorganell pflanzlichen Ursprungs macht Plasmodium verwundbar
Authors: Krause Kirsten 
Published: July 2007

AbstractDer Malaria‐Erreger zeichnet sich wie fast alle Parasiten aus der Gruppe der Apicomplexa durch den Apicoplasten aus – einem Zellorganell, das von einer endosymbiontisch lebenden Rotalge stammt. Eine Reihe von einzigartigen Stoffwechselwegen in diesem ursprünglich pflanzlichen Organell, die beim Menschen nicht vorkommen, liefert die Grundlage für die Entwicklung von dringend benötigten neuartigen Wirkstoffen gegen die Malaria.
Michaelis‐Menten‐Kinetik von Urease. Enzymkinetik in der Schule
Authors: Müller Sara , Kromke Marianne , Vogt Helmut , Moll Daniela 
Published: July 2007

AbstractIn diesem Artikel wird ein Schulexperiment zur Michaelis‐Menten‐Kinetik vorgestellt. Die enzymatische Umsetzung von Harnstoff durch das Enzym Urease lässt sich mittels eines einfachen Versuchsaufbaus leicht verfolgen und in verschiedenen Komplexitätsebenen auswerten, wobei die ermittelte Michaelis‐Menten‐Konstante (KM) dem Literaturwert entspricht. Um mögliche thematische Anknüpfungspunkte für den Unterricht zu geben, werden zusätzlich Funktion und Vorkommen der Urease in der Natur beschrieben.
Klimawandel – ein Feigenblatt? Der Treibhauseffekt und die Folgen für die Tierwelt
Authors: Kinzelbach Ragnar K. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractDie Folgen des weltweiten, durch die Emission von Treibhausgasen verursachten Temperaturanstiegs für die Tierwelt sind umfassend, müssen aber im Vergleich zu historischen Abläufen relativiert und von Fall zu Fall untersucht werden. Prognosen sind unsicher, denn Tiere besitzen eine hohe strukturelle, systematische und ökologische Vielfalt. Hier wird eine Synopse und Einordnung oft vernachlässigter Fakten versucht. Es erfolgt eine Warnung, alle derzeitigen Probleme der Tierwelt ungeprüft der “Klimakatastrophe” in die Schuhe zu schieben. Im Stimmengewirr um die Klimafolgen geht anderer, weit näherliegender Handlungsbedarf unter.
Milben machen Frösche giftig
Authors: Wendler Silke 
Published: July 2007

AbstractErdbeerfrösche (Oophaga pumilio) sekretieren aus ihren Hautdrüsen einen Giftcocktail mit tödlicher Wirkung. Da in Gefangenschaft gehaltene Tiere ihre Giftigkeit mit der Zeit verlieren, wurde angenommen, dass sie das Gift nicht selbst produzieren können, sondern aus ihrer Nahrung aufnehmen. Neuere Untersuchungen lassen auf Hornmilben als Ausgangsquelle schließen.
Histon‐Acetylierung – ein Schlüssel zum Gedächtnis?
Authors: Hille‐Rehfeld Annette 
Published: July 2007

AbstractDie Verfügbarkeit von Gedächtnisinhalten kann vorübergehend blockiert sein, ohne dass die Information gelöscht wird. Ihre Reaktivierung durch Gedächtnistraining geht einher mit chemischen Veränderungen im Chromatin des Zellkerns von Nervenzellen. Wird die Histon‐Acetylierung im Tiermodell medikamentös stabilisiert, so verbessern sich Gedächtnisleistungen in ähnlicher Weise wie durch das Training.
Erstes Beuteltier‐Genom entschlüsselt
Authors: Kronberg Inge 
Published: July 2007

AbstractMensch, Schimpanse, Maus, Hund, Biene – die Liste der entzifferten Genome wächst ständig. Angesichts der aufwändigen Technik und Millionen rezenter Arten müssen die Sequenzierungsobjekte klug gewählt werden. Die meisten Erkenntnisse versprechen Arten, die entweder als Nutz‐ oder Labororganismen bereits gut untersucht sind, oder die durch ihre phylogenetische Nähe zu Homo sapiens die Organisation und Evolution des menschlichen Genoms besser verstehen lassen. Auf das erste sequenzierte Beuteltier trifft beides zu: Das südamerikanische Kurzschwanz‐Opossum (Monodelphis domestica) dient als Modelltier in der Immunologie, Neurologie, Embryologie und Tumorforschung, außerdem markieren Beuteltiere einen wichtigen Verzweigungspunkt in der Evolution der Säugetiere.
Fette Brummer verhungern trotz Reserven
Authors: Feil Sylvia 
Published: July 2007

AbstractWie viele Fettstoffwechselweg‐Systeme der Fruchtfliege Drosophila melanogaster steuern die Freisetzung von Speicherfett bei Energieknappheit? Diese Frage ist auch für das Verständnis des menschlichen Stoffwechsels interessant, denn die an der Speicherung und Freisetzung von Fettreserven beteiligten Proteine sind hoch konserviert.
Die genetischen Grundlagen der Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit‐Hyperaktivitätsstörung (ADHS)
Authors: Friedel Susann , Schimmelmann Benno G. , Hinney Anke , Hebebrand Johannes 
Published: July 2007

AbstractDie Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit‐Hyperaktivitätsstörung (ADHS) ist die häufigste psychiatrische Störung bei Kindern und Jugendlichen. Wissenschaftler des Nationalen Genomforschungsnetzes (NGFN) haben drei genetische Varianten identifiziert, die an der Entwicklung der ADHS beteiligt sind. Diese Veränderungen befinden sich in dem Gen, das für den Transporter des Botenstoffs Dopamin codiert.
Gelelektrophorese zur Auftrennung von Proteinen
Authors: Schrödel Andrea 
Published: July 2007

AbstractDie SDS‐PAGE (SDS‐Polyacrylamid Gelelektrophorese) wird oft eingesetzt, um Ergebnisse biochemischer Protein‐Experimente auszuwerten oder auch um die Reinheit isolierter Proteine zu überprüfen. Jeder, der schon einmal mit Proteinen im molekularbiologischen Labor geforscht hat, hat diese Methode mit großer Wahrscheinlichkeit schon durchgeführt. Doch warum wandern denn die kleinen Proteine schneller als die großen? Und warum muss man die Proben vor dem Gelauftrag in Ladepuffer kochen?
Reinhold Tüxen
Authors: Irsch Wilhelm 
Published: July 2007

AbstractSensible Artenkenner sind die tragende Säule der Biodiversitätsforschung. Nicht nur vor dem Hintergrund der aktuellen Klimadiskussion stehen Disziplinen wie Geobotanik und Vegetationskunde national und international vor neuen Herausforderungen. Zukünftige Entwicklungen lassen sich nur bewerten und abschätzen, wenn sich der Blick auch in die Vergangenheit richtet. Dabei stößt man unausweichlich auf Pioniere wie Reinhold Tüxen, die Wissenschaftsgeschichte geschrieben haben und deren geistiges Werk bis in die heutige Zeit nachwirkt.
Quality of life during potentially curative treatment for locally advanced oesophageal cancer
Authors: Avery K N L , Metcalfe C , Barham C P , Alderson D , Falk S J , Blazeby J M 
Published: July 2007

Abstract

Background
Combination chemoradiotherapy with or without surgery are internationally applied alternative strategies for potential cure of oesophageal cancer. This study compared health-related quality of life (HRQL) between patients selected for chemoradiation and those who had combination treatment including oesophagectomy.

Methods
Patients with stage II or III oesophageal cancer completed HRQL assessments at baseline, at the worst expected HRQL time point and at expected recovery. HRQL was compared between groups using linear regression, adjusting for age, sex, performance status, tumour stage and type, and baseline HRQL.

Results
Some 132 patients began treatment, of whom 51 had chemoradiotherapy and 81 combination treatment including surgery. Patients selected for chemoradiotherapy were older, more likely to have squamous cell cancer and reported poorer HRQL than those selected for surgery. At the worst expected time point after treatment, both groups reported multiple symptoms and poor function, but surgery was associated with a greater reduction in HRQL from baseline than chemoradiotherapy. Recovery of HRQL was achieved within 6 months after chemoradiotherapy, but complete recovery had not occurred 6 months after surgery and there was persistent significant deterioration in some aspects.

Conclusion
The negative treatment-related impact of chemoradiation on short-term HRQL is less than that experienced with combination treatment including surgery. Patients preferring early recovery should consider definitive chemoradiation.
Combined Enzyme and Substrate Design: Grafting of a Cooperative Two‐Histidine Catalytic Motif into a Protein Targeted at the Scissile Bond in a Designed Ester Substrate
Authors: Höst Gunnar E. , Razkin Jesus , Baltzer Lars , Jonsson Bengt‐Harald 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA histidine‐based, two‐residue reactive site for the catalysis of hydrolysis of designed sulfonamide‐containing para‐nitrophenyl esters has been engineered into a scaffold protein. A matching substrate was designed to exploit the natural active site of human carbonic anhydrase II (HCAII) for well‐defined binding. In this we took advantage of the high affinity between the active site zinc atom and sulfonamides. The ester substrate was designed to position the scissile bond in close proximity to the His64 residue in the scaffold protein. Three potential sites for grafting the catalytic His–His pair were identified, and the corresponding N62H/H64, F131H/V135H and L198H/P202H mutants were constructed. The most efficient variant, F131H/V135H, has a maximum kcat/KM value of approximately 14 000 M−1 s−1, with a kcat value that is increased by a factor of 3 relative to that of the wild‐type HCAII, and by a factor of over 13 relative to the H64A mutant. The results show that an esterase can be designed in a stepwise way by a combination of substrate design and grafting of a designed catalytic motif into a well‐defined substrate binding site.
A two‐parametric class of predictors in multivariate regression
Authors: Björkström Anders , Sundberg Rolf 
Published: July 2007

AbstractWe demonstrate that a number of well‐established multivariate regression methods for prediction are related in that they are special cases of basically one general procedure. We try a more general method based on this procedure with two metaparameters. In a simulation study, based on a latent structure model, we compare this method to ridge regression (RR), multivariate partial least squares regression (PLSR) and repeated univariate PLSR. For most types of data sets studied, all methods do approximately equally well. There are some cases where RR and least squares ridge regression (LSRR) yield larger errors than the other methods, and we conclude that one‐factor methods are not adequate for situations where more than one latent variable are needed to describe the data. Among those based on latent variables, none of the methods tried is superior to the others in any obvious way. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Change of the State of an Endohedral Fullerene by Encapsulation into SWCNT: A Raman Spectroelectrochemical Study of Dy3N@C80 Peapods
Authors: Kalbáč Martin , Kavan Ladislav , Zukalová Markéta , Yang Shangfeng , Čech Jiří , Roth Siegmar , Dunsch Lothar 
Published: July 2007

AbstractRaman and in situ Raman spectroelectrochemical studies of Dy3N@C80@SWCNT peapods have been carried out for the first time. The formation of peapods by the encapsulation of gaseous Dy3N@C80 has been confirmed by HR‐TEM microscopy and by the successful transformation of Dy3N@C80@SWCNT into double‐walled carbon nanotubes. The Raman spectra of the endohedral fullerene cluster changed dramatically in the interior of the single‐walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT). The electrochemical charging of the peapod indicates a slight reversible attenuation of the Raman intensities of fullerene features during anodic doping. The results support the assignment of Raman bands to the Dy3N@C80 moiety inside a SWCNT.
Monomers That Form Conducting Polymers as Structure‐Directing Agents: Synthesis of Microporous Molecular Sieves Encapsulating Poly‐para‐phenylenevinylene
Authors: Atienzar Pedro , Díaz‐Cabañas María J. , Moliner Manuel , Peris Encarna , Corma Avelino , García Hermenegildo 
Published: July 2007

AbstractWe have developed a novel concept that uses monomers required for making conducting polymers as organic structure‐directing agents, for the synthesis of microporous molecular sieves. We show that these monomers facilitate the formation of crystalline and amorphous molecular sieves depending on the synthesis procedure. The monomers filling the pores of the silicates can be polymerized under certain conditions, resulting in a polymer immobilized and protected inside the matrix. The concept was exemplified with para‐phenylenemethylene‐bis(1‐tetrahydrothiophenium) and para‐phenylenemethylene‐bis(trimethylammonium) that were used to template microporous molecular sieves and subsequently to obtain poly‐para‐phenylenevinylene (PPV) inside the matrix. The organic self‐assembled organic–inorganic material was extensively characterized and the implication on electrical conductivity is presented.
Rational Tuning of Melting Entropies for Designing Luminescent Lanthanide‐Containing Thermotropic Liquid Crystals at Room Temperature
Authors: Escande Aude , Guénée Laure , Nozary Homayoun , Bernardinelli Gérald , Gumy Frédéric , Aebischer Annina , Bünzli Jean‐Claude G. , Donnio Bertrand , Guillon Daniel , Piguet Claude 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe connection of twelve peripheral and divergent dodecyloxy chains to a central tridentate aromatic binding unit provides the dodecacatenar ligand L11, for which room‐temperature mesomorphism is detected. An enthalpically unbalanced large melting entropy (Δ${S{{{\rm L11}\hfill \atop {\rm m}\hfill}}}$=226 J mol−1 K−1) results from the programmed microsegregation induced in the crystalline phase, a phenomenon which is maintained in the associated lanthanide complexes [Ln(L11)(NO3)3] and [Ln(L11)(CF3CO2)3]2. Low‐temperature melting processes (−43≤Tm≤−25 °C) producing room‐temperature hexagonal columnar liquid‐crystalline phases thus result for these novel lanthanidomesogens. A combined photophysical (high‐resolution emission spectroscopy), thermodynamic (differential scanning calorimetry, DSC) and structural (small‐angle X‐ray diffraction, SA‐XRD) investigation of the melting process shows minor structural changes occurring between the crystal (Cr) and the hexagonal columnar mesophase (Colh) in the complexes, which allows the assignment of the existence of these unusual first‐order phase transitions to the negligible mixing entropy produced by the two viscous phases at low temperature. Extension of the concept of chemical tuning of melting entropies for the global design of room‐temperature metallomesogens and liquid crystals is discussed.
Comparison of Physicochemical Properties of New Ionic Liquids Based on Imidazolium, Quaternary Ammonium, and Guanidinium Cations
Authors: Kulkarni Prashant S. , Branco Luís C. , Crespo João G. , Nunes M. Cristiana , Raymundo Anabela , Afonso Carlos A. M. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractMore than 50 ionic liquids were prepared by using imidazolium, quaternary ammonium, and guanidinium cations and various anions. In these series, different cationic structures such as 1‐benzyl‐3‐methylimidazolium [Bzmim]+, 1,3‐dibenzylimidazolium [BzmiBz]+, 1‐octyl‐3‐methylimidazolium [C8mim]+, 1‐decyl‐3‐methylimidazolium [C10mim]+, tricapryl‐methylammonium [Aliquat]+, benzyltriethylammonium [BzTEA]+, phenyltrimethylammonium [PhTMA]+, and dimethyldihexylguanidinium [DMG]+ were combined with anions, p‐toluenesulfonate [TSA]−, dicyanoamide [DCA]−, saccharine (2‐sulfobenzoic acid imide sodium salt) [SAC]−, trifluoroacetate [TFA]−, bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide [Tf2N]−, trifluoromethanesulfonate [TfO]−, and thiocyanate [SCN]−. Important physical data for these ionic liquids are collated, namely solubility in common solvents, viscosity, density, melting point and water content. Apart from the viscosity, the Newtonian and non‐Newtonian behavior of these ionic liquids is also disclosed. Stability of these ionic liquids under thermal, basic, acidic, nucleophilic, and oxidative conditions was also studied. The features of the solid–liquid phase transition were analyzed, namely the glass transition temperature and the heat capacity jump associated with the transition from the non‐equilibrium glass to the metastable supercooled liquid. A degradation temperature of each ionic liquid was also determined. Comparisons of the properties of various ionic liquids were made.
Atropisomeric 3‐aryl‐2‐oxo‐4‐oxazolidinones and some thione analogues—Enantiodifferentiation and ligand competition in applying the dirhodium method
Authors: Gómez Edison Díaz , Doğan İlknur , Yilmaz Müjde , Demir‐Ordu Öznur , Albert Dieter , Duddeck Helmut 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe atropisomeric 2‐oxo‐4‐oxazolidinones 1Z bind weakly to the rhodium atoms in the complex Rh[(R)‐(+)‐MTPA]4 (Rh*, MTPA‐H = methoxytrifluoromethylphenylacetic acid ≡ Mosher's acid), presumably via the C‐2 carbonyl oxygen atom. There are some 1H and 13C NMR signals in these compounds which show small dispersion effects suitable for enantiodifferentiation. In contrast, the thiocarbonyl sulfur atoms in 2Z and 3Z bind strongly so that significant complexation shifts (Δδ) and diastereomeric dispersion effects (Δν) can be observed, and chiral discrimination and the determination of enantiomeric ratios of these thiocarbonyl compounds is easy. So, it is shown that—as expected—CS is a much better binding site when competing with CO. In compounds of Series 2 a “syn‐methyl effect” was discovered which describes the dependence of dispersion effects of syn‐oriented methyl groups 6 on the nature of the substituents Z. A mechanism of combined steric and electronic interaction influencing the conformational equilibria inside the adducts is proposed. Determination of absolute configurations by correlation fails, at least on the basis of the data available. Chirality, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The origin of an unusually large 19F chemical shift difference between the diastereomeric α‐cyano‐α‐fluoro‐p‐tolylacetic acid (CFTA) esters of 3′,4′,5,7‐tetra‐O‐methylepicatechin
Authors: Brand Dirk J. , Steenkamp Jacobus A. , Omata Kenji , Kabuto Kuninobu , Fujiwara Tomoya , Takeuchi Yoshio 
Published: July 2007

AbstractDuring a study on the relationship between the 19F chemical shift difference for the diastereomeric α‐cyano‐α‐fluoro‐p‐tolylacetic acid (CFTA) esters of chiral secondary alcohols and the absolute configurations of the alcohols, an unusually large 19F chemical shift difference has been observed for the CFTA esters of 3',4',5,7‐tetra‐O‐methylepicatechin. This large chemical shift difference has been reproduced by ab initio calculations of molecular geometry and GIAO calculations of 19F chemical shifts on the stable conformations of the diastereomeric α‐cyano‐α‐fluorophenylacetic acid (CFPA) esters of cis‐flavan‐3‐ol as model systems. The origin of the large chemical shift difference has been further investigated using NBO analysis. This revealed that the interaction between π(CC) of the aryl group in the chiral auxiliary and σ*(CF) is a very important determinant of the 19F chemical shifts and this interaction depends on the torsion angle between the plane of aryl group and the CF bond. Chirality, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.