bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lipopolysaccharide‐activated SHP‐1‐deficient motheaten microglia release increased nitric oxide, TNF‐α, and IL‐1β
Authors: Zhao Jie , Brooks Diane M. , Lurie Diana I. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractAccumulating evidence suggests a deleterious role for activated microglia in facilitating neuronal death by producing neurocytotoxic substances during injury, infection, or neurodegenerative diseases. After cochlear ablation, abnormal microglial activation accompanied by increased neuronal loss within the auditory brainstem occurs in motheaten (me/me) mice deficient in the protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP‐1. To determine whether abnormally activated microglia contribute to neuronal death inme/memice, primary microglial cultures fromme/meand wild‐type mouse cortices were stimulated by the bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to evaluate the secretion of the neurotoxic mediators nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), and interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β).Me/memicroglia release significantly greater amounts of all three mediators compared with wild‐type microglia. However, the increased release of these compounds in microglia lacking SHP‐1 does not appear to occur through activation of extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK), p38 kinase subgroups of mitogen‐activated protein (MAP) kinases, or increases in NF‐κB‐inducing kinase (NIK). These results suggest that abnormal microglial activation and release of neurotoxic compounds may potentiate neuronal death in deafferented cells and can thus potentiate neurodegeneration in theme/mebrainstem. Our data also indicate that SHP‐1 is engaged in signaling pathways in LPS‐activated microglia, but not through regulation of the ERK and p38 MAP kinases. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cervicofacial and cervicothoracic rotation flaps in head and neck reconstruction
Authors: Moore Brian A. , Wine Todd , Netterville James L. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractBackground.Compound cervicofacial and cervicothoracic rotation flaps are highly versatile flaps that may be applied to a variety of defects of the cheek, orbit, periauricular region, and neck. These rotation advancement flaps should be a staple of the head and neck surgeon's reconstructive armamentarium.Methods.This is a retrospective review of medical records at a university‐based head and neck cancer center.Results.Thirty‐three patients were identified, with a mean age of 66 years. Primary or recurrent skin neoplasms made up the most common indication for surgery, followed by primary parotid tumors and cervical lymphatic metastases from upper aerodigestive tract malignancies. Defects of the cheek, orbit, periauricular region, and neck were reconstructed with cervicofacial or cervicothoracic flaps, with larger wounds requiring variable extension of the incision onto the chest wall. Other reconstructive modalities were used in 18 cases to increase tissue bulk or provide internal lining. Minor wound complications occurred in 13 patients. There was no statistically significant association between wound complications and smoking or previous radiation therapy.Conclusions.Compound cervicofacial and cervicothoracic rotation flaps provide a straightforward, reliable, and efficient means to reconstruct complex defects of the face, lateral skull base, and neck, with the potential for excellent cosmetic results. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 27: XXX–XXX, 2005
Unexpected rapid progression of metastatic adenoid cystic carcinoma during treatment with imatinib mesylate
Authors: Lin Ching‐Hung , Yen Roh‐Fan , Jeng Yung‐Ming , Tzen Chin‐Yuan , Hsu Chiun , Hong Ruey‐Long 
Published: November 2005

AbstractBackground.There is a lack of effective treatment for metastatic adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC), a usually indolent tumor. We studied the efficacy of imatinib mesylate, a potent inhibitor of KIT tyrosine kinase, in patients with KIT‐positive metastatic ACC.Methods.Five patients with lung metastasis were treated in a pilot study with imatinib 400 mg by mouth twice a day. Mutations of c‐kit and platelet‐derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR)‐α in tumors from these patients were analyzed.Results.Disease progression was noted in three of five patients during the short treatment periods, ranging from 2 to 3 weeks. Three patients died of disease within 6 months. No detectable mutations were found in c‐kit and PDGFR‐α.Conclusion.We observed an unexpected high progression rate of metastatic ACC within short periods during imatinib treatment. Use of imatinib to treat cancers without c‐kit or PDGFR‐α mutation should be approached with caution. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 27: XXX–XXX, 2005
25‐year experience of using a linear stapler in laryngectomy
Authors: Bedrin Lev , Ginsburg Genadi , Horowitz Zeev , Talmi Yoav P. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractBackground.Stapler application for pharyngeal closure after total laryngectomy allows for rapid watertight closure without field contamination and for potentially reduced fistula rate.Methods.One thousand four hundred fifteen patients underwent laryngectomy with linear stapler closure. In 98.6%, laryngectomy was performed after radiation failure.Results.A relatively high incidence of pharyngeal fistulae (12%) was seen, although these rates were reduced to 5.5% during the recent decade. Simultaneous creation of tracheoesophageal fistula and myotomy by a novel technique was introduced. Swallowing problems were observed in 11 patients and local recurrences in nine patients (0.6%).Conclusion.The advantages of mechanical sutures with the closed stapling technique are simple and rapid application, watertight closure with good hemostasis, prevention of field contamination, good speech and deglutition, no increase in fistula rate, and low local recurrence rates. Operating room expenses may also be significantly reduced, rendering this method cost‐effective as well. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 27: XXX–XXX, 2005
Synthesis, characterization, and osteocompatibility evaluation of novel alanine‐based polyphosphazenes
Authors: Nair Lakshmi S. , Lee Duron A. , Bender Jared D. , Barrett Eric W. , E.Greish Yaser , Brown Paul W. , Allcock Harry R. , Laurencin Cato T. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThis study deals with the synthesis and in vitro osteocompatibility evaluation of two novel alanine‐containing biodegradable ester polyphosphazenes as candidates to form self‐setting composites with hydroxyapatite (HAp) precursors. The two novel biodegradable polyphosphazenes synthesized were poly[(ethyl alanato)1.0(ethyl oxybenzoate)1.0 phosphazene] (PN‐EA/EOB) and poly[(ethyl alanato)1.0(propyl oxybenzoate)1.0 phosphazene] (PN‐EA/POB). The polymers were characterized by multinuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). Biodegradability and percentage water absorption of the polymers were evaluated by following the mass change in phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) at 37°C. PN‐EA/POB underwent faster degradation and showed higher water absorption compared to PN‐EA/EOB. Both polymers became insoluble in common organic solvents following hydrolysis presumably due to crosslinking reactions accompanying the degradation process. Osteoblast cell adhesion and proliferation on PN‐EA/EOB and PN‐EA/POB was followed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and by using a biochemical assay. Both PN‐EA/EOB and PN‐EA/POB supported the adhesion and proliferation of primary rat osteoblast cells in vitro. Furthermore, the enzymatic activity of the osteoblast cells cultured on the polymers was confirmed by the alkaline phosphatase activity. Thus, these biodegradable amino‐acid‐based polyphosphazenes are promising new materials for forming self‐setting bone cements. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2006
Evaluation of alginate purification methods: Effect on polyphenol, endotoxin, and protein contamination
Authors: Dusseault Julie , Tam Susan K. , Ménard Martin , Polizu Stefania , Jourdan Guillaume , Yahia L'Hocine , Hallé Jean‐Pierre 
Published: November 2005

AbstractAlginate, a polysaccharide extracted from brown seaweed, is widely used for the microencapsulation of islets of Langerhans, allowing their transplantation without immunosuppression. This natural polymer is known to be largely contaminated. The implantation of islets encapsulated using unpurified alginate leads to the development of fibrotic cell overgrowth around the microcapsules and normalization of the blood glucose is restricted to a very short period if it is achieved at all. Several research groups have developed their own purification method and obtained relatively good results. No comparative evaluation of the efficiencies of these methods has been published. We conducted an evaluative study of five different alginate preparations: a pharmaceutical‐grade alginate in its raw state, the same alginate after purification according to three different published methods, and a commercially available purified alginate. The results showed that all purification methods reduced the amounts of known contaminants, that is, polyphenols, endotoxins, and proteins, although with varying efficiencies. Increased viscosity of alginate solutions was observed after purification of the alginates. Despite a general efficiency in decreasing contamination levels, all of the purified alginates contained relatively high residual amounts of protein contaminants. Because proteins may be immunogenic, these residual proteins may have a role in persisting microcapsule immunogenicity. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2006
“Wet‐state” mechanical properties of three‐dimensional polyester porous scaffolds
Authors: Wu Linbo , Zhang Junchuan , Jing Dianying , Ding Jiandong 
Published: November 2005

AbstractPorous poly(D,L‐lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA) scaffolds under a simulated physiological environment were investigated to estimate their “true” mechanical properties, with emphasis on the effect of “wet‐state” on the compressive behaviors. The effect of the history of ethanol sterilization was also investigated. The studies were focused upon the “wet‐state” mechanical properties of polyester porous scaffolds, because the potential implants must be used under a wet environment. The measurements of three‐dimensional porous scaffolds composed of amorphous PLGA with five polymer formulations including poly(D,L‐lactic acid) (PDLLA) demonstrated that the mechanical properties of PLGA scaffolds significantly decreased in phosphate buffer saline solution (PBS) at 37°C and/or with an ethanol sterilization history, even though PLGA is a hydrophobic material. The decrease extent depends on the copolymer composition: when the porosity is about 90%, a PDLLA scaffold remained about 75–80% of initial mechanical properties in the dry state at 25°C, whereas PLGA 85:15, 75:25, and 65:35 scaffolds remained only about 10% or less, and the PLGA 50:50 scaffolds examined were not sufficiently strong for mechanical tests. If scaffolds were prewetted with ethanol ahead of prewetting with PBS, the mechanical properties further decreased compared with those merely prewetted with PBS. These phenomena were elucidated experimentally from plasticization of PLGA with water or ethanol, and the consequent reduction of glass transition temperature. The results might be helpful for designing polyester porous scaffolds for tissue engineering or in situ tissue induction applications. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2006
Mesenchymal stem cell adhesion and spreading on microwave plasma‐nitrided titanium alloy
Authors: Clem William C. , Konovalov Valery V. , Chowdhury S. , Vohra Yogesh K. , Catledge Shane A. , Bellis Susan L. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractImproved methods to increase surface hardness of metallic biomedical implants are being developed in an effort to minimize the formation of wear debris particles that cause local pain and inflammation. However, for many implant surface treatments, there is a risk of film delamination due to the mismatch of mechanical properties between the hard surface and the softer underlying metal. In this article, we describe the surface modification of titanium alloy (Ti‐6Al‐4V), using microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition to induce titanium nitride formation by nitrogen diffusion. The result is a gradual transition from a titanium nitride surface to the bulk titanium alloy, without a sharp interface that could otherwise lead to delamination. We demonstrate that vitronectin adsorption, as well as the adhesion and spreading of human mesenchymal stem cells to plasma‐nitrided titanium is equivalent to that of Ti‐6Al‐4V, while hardness is improved 3‐ to 4‐fold. These in vitro results suggest that the plasma nitriding technique has the potential to reduce wear, and the resulting debris particle release, of biomedical implants without compromising osseointegration; thus, minimizing the possibility of implant loosening over time. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2006
Surface modification and initial adhesion events for intestinal epithelial cells
Authors: Hagerman E.M. , Chao S.H.H. , Dunn J.C.Y. , Wu B.M. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractRapid resealing of the mucosal epithelia is imperative following injuries to the small intestine because the mucosa is responsible for the adsorption of nutrients as well as providing a barrier to noxious agents present in the lumen. Tissue engineering may provide a possible solution for treating intestinal erosions, ulcerations, inflammatory bowel disease, and infection. Cell‐biomaterial interaction is a critical component in tissue engineering that can determine the success of the tissue construct. Cell‐biomaterial interactions can be enhanced by various types of surface modification, which promote integrin ligation leading to increased cell function. In order to relate the effect of surface adhesion molecules to signaling events and macroscopic cell response, an intestinal epithelial cell line, IEC‐6, was plated on fibronectin (receptor‐mediated) and poly‐L‐lysine (non‐specific) surfaces. Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) phosphorylation, cell spreading, and cell adhesion strength were measured. Results showed increases in FAK phosphorylation generally corresponded to increases in cell spreading and adhesion strength for IEC‐6 cells. Therefore, in a simplified system, initial adhesion and signaling mechanisms appeared to correspond to subsequent physical responses in IEC‐6 cells relevant to tissue engineering applications. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2006
Ciprofloxacin‐releasing bioabsorbable polymer is superior to titanium in preventing Staphylococcus epidermidis attachment and biofilm formation in vitro
Authors: Niemelä Sanna‐Mari , Ikäheimo Irma , Koskela Markku , Veiranto Minna , Suokas Esa , Törmälä Pertti , Waris Timo , Ashammakhi Nureddin , Syrjälä Hannu 
Published: November 2005

AbstractAntibiotic coating systems have been successfully used to prevent bacterial attachment and biofilm formation. Our purpose was to evaluate whether bioabsorbable polylactide‐co‐glycolide (PLGA) 80/20 on its own, and PLGA together with ciprofloxacin (PLGA+C) have any advantages over titanium in preventing Staphylococcus epidermidis attachment and biofilm formation in vitro. Cylindrical specimens of titanium, PLGA, and PLGA+C in triplicate were examined for S. epidermidis ATCC 35989 attachment and biofilm formation after incubation with a bacterial suspension of about 105 cfu/mL for 1, 3, 7, 14, and 21 days, using scanning electron microscopy. Growth inhibition properties of PLGA and PLGA+C cylinders were tested on agar plates. On days 1, 3, and 21, no bacterial attachment was seen in 19.5, 9.2, and 41.4% of the titanium specimens; in 18.4, 28.7, and 34.5% of the PLGA specimens; and in 57.5, 62.1, and 57.5% of the PLGA+C specimens, respectively. During the whole study period, no biofilm was observed on 74–93% of the titanium specimens, 58–78% of the PLGA specimens, and 93–100% of the PLGA+C specimens. PLGA+C showed clear bacterial growth inhibition on agar plates, while PLGA and titanium did not show any inhibition. PLGA+C bioabsorbable material was superior to titanium in preventing bacterial attachment and biofilm formation and may have clinical applicability, for example, in prevention of infection in trauma surgery or in the treatment of chronic osteomyelitis. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2006
Late Glacial and Holocene vegetation history in the southern part of Transylvania (Romania): pollen analysis of two sequences from Avrig
Authors: Tantau Ioan , Reille Maurice , de Beaulieu Jacques‐Louis , Farcas Sorina 
Published: November 2005

AbstractWe present here the results of pollen analysis of two sequences of about 8.06 m and 11.90 m length, originating from two adjacent peat bogs in the southern part of Transylvania province, Romania (155 and 122 pollen spectra). The vegetation record, which is supported by 17 14C dates, begins in the Late Glacial interstadial when forest recolonisation began with the development of Pinus, without a pioneer Betula phase. Picea began to expand from regional refuges. After a well‐defined Younger Dryas, the Holocene opens with the expansion of Betula, Ulmus and Picea, followed, at about 10 400 cal. yr BP, by Fraxinus, Quercus and Tilia. The Corylus optimum is correlated with the Atlantic chronozone (after 8600 cal. yr BP). The local establishment of Carpinus occurred at about 6500 cal. yr BP, with a maximum at about 5700 cal. yr BP. Fagus pollen is regularly recorded after 8200 cal. yr BP. This taxon became dominant at about 3700 cal. yr BP. The first indications of human activities appear at around 7200 cal. yr BP. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Holocene evolution of the Mar Chiquita coastal lagoon area (Argentina) indicated by pollen analysis
Authors: Stutz Silvina , Prieto Aldo R. , Isla Federico I. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractPalynologycal information was integrated with the aim to study vegetation history and environmental changes in Mar Chiquita coastal lagoon area (in the southeast of Buenos Aires province, Argentina) related to sea‐level fluctuations during the Holocene. Prior to 5000 yr BP a mosaic of psammophytic and halophytic communities developed on extensive sandy flats. Between 4000 and 2500 yr BP, during a period of sea‐level stabilisation, similar halophytic communities developed in the south and in the middle part of the present lagoon. Between 4500 and 3500 yr BP hydrophytic and halophytic communities developed in Laguna Hinojales. Beginning 2500 yr BP, when sea level was nearing its present position, modern plant communities became established. Pollen records suggest that littoral evolution of the area was much more complex than previous models have described, introducing new evidence of the geomorphological evolution of Mar Chiquita coastal lagoon. The estuarine environment was delimited by a system of barrier islands instead of a linear prograding barrier, as has been proposed. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Q‐switched ruby versus long‐pulsed dye laser delivered with compression for treatment of facial lentigines in Asians
Authors: Kono Taro , Manstein Dieter , Chan Henry H. , Nozaki Motohiro , Anderson R. Rox 
Published: November 2005

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesQ‐switched lasers have been used for the treatment of lentigines but post‐inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) can be an issue especially in Asians. The 595 nm long‐pulsed dye laser (LPDL) has been used for the treatment of vascular lesions and although it is well absorbed by oxyhemoglobin, it is also absorbed by melanin. To use this device for the treatment of facial lentigines, we attached a flat glass lens to the tip of the laser's handpiece, allowing compression of the skin during treatment. In doing so, eliminated the absorption by oxyhemoglobin. This prospective study aims to compare the efficacy and complications of such an approach to the use of Q‐switched ruby laser (QSRL) in the treatment of facial lentigines in Asians.Study Design/Materials and MethodsEighteen Asian patients (1 male, 17 female) with facial lentigines Fitzpatrick skin types III–IV were enrolled. One of the lentigines present was treated with LPDL by compression method and the other one was treated with QSRL. A LPDL emitting wavelength of 595 nm, spot size of 7 mm was used, with fluence between 10 and 13 J/cm2 and pulse duration of 1.5 milliseconds. Cryogen spray cooling was not used. A 694 nm QSRL was used with a spot size of 4 mm, fluence of 6–7 J/cm2, and pulse duration of 30 nanoseconds. Lightening of the lesions was assessed by reflectance spectrometer Erythema, hypo‐ or hyperpigmentation and scarring were also assessed by clinical examinators.ResultsThe degree of clearing achieved with the two lasers was 70.3% and 83.3% for QSRL and LPDL, respectively. All QSRL treated areas developed erythema whereas only 4 of 18 LPDL treated areas developed erythema. Hyperpigmentation was seen in four patients after QSRL, but not after LPDL. There was no scarring or hypopigmentation.ConclusionsLPDL delivered with a compression method is more effective than QSRL for facial lentigines. Complications after LPDL treatment were substantially less frequent than after QSRL. The addition of compression technique may allow “vascular” pulsed dye laser to be used for treating a variety of pigmented lesions. Lasers Surg. Med. 38:94–97, 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Continuous dependence on the heat source and non‐linear stability for convection with internal heat generation
Authors: Straughan Brian 
Published: November 2005

AbstractIt is shown that the solution to the boundary‐initial value problem for a heat‐conducting viscous fluid depends continuously on changes in the heat supply function, for the improperly posed backward in time problem. A non‐linear convection threshold is also determined for the problem of a layer of fluid heated internally (non‐uniformly), with zero neat flux on the lower boundary and constant‐temperature upper surface.
On a non‐stationary Ginzburg–Landau superconductivity model
Authors: Chen Zhiming , Hoffmann K.‐H. , Liang Jin 
Published: November 2005

AbstractIn this paper, we study a non‐stationary superconductivity model derived from Ginzburg–Landau macroscopic theory. By using gauge invariance and studying a linear problem with curl boundary conditions, we obtain the existence of solutions. The solution is unique in the sense of gauge equivalence.
Global solution to the full one‐dimensional Frémond model for shape memory alloys
Authors: Colli Pierluigi , Sprekels Jürgen 
Published: November 2005

AbstractIn this paper, we prove the existence and uniqueness of the solution to the one‐dimensional initial‐boundary value problem resulting from the Frémond thermomechanical model of structural phase transitions in shape memory materials. In this model, the free energy is assumed to depend on temperature, macroscopic deformation and phase fractions. The resulting equilibrium equations are the balance laws of (linear) momentum and energy, coupled with an evolution variational inequality for the phase fractions. Fourth‐order regularizing terms in the quasi‐stationary momentum balance equation are not necessary, and, as far as we know for the first time, all the non‐linear terms of the energy balance equation are taken into account.
Averaging in non‐linear advective transport problems
Authors: Heijnekamp J. J. , Krol M. S. , Verhulst F. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractAdvective transport in a tidal basin is modelled by a non‐linear parabolic equation with initial‐boundary values. The model includes small effects such as diffusion, the reststream, reaction effects and sources. For a given periodic flow field, the long‐time behaviour of the solutions is approximated by using the averaging method. We show the existence of a periodic solution and we demonstrate the asymptotic validity of the approximations for all time using maximum principles.