bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative study of suture and laser‐assisted anastomoses in rat sciatic nerves
Authors: Benke Timothy A. , Clark John W. , Wisoff Peter J. , Schneider Steven , Balasubramaniam Chidambaram , Hawkins Hal K. , Laurent John , Perling Lance , Shehab Anne 
Published: March 2007

AbstractConventional suture repair of peripheral nerves results in a fibrotic reaction that is detrimental to nerve regeneration. As an alternative procedure known as “laser‐assisted” repair, a laser can be used, along with a reduced number of sutures, to reanastomose severed peripheral nerves. To explore the long‐term implications of this technique, the right sciatic nerves of Sprague‐Dawley rats were surgically cut and reanastomosed either by means of four epineurial sutures or two epineurial sutures and CO2 laser welds. Tensile strength, electrophysiology, histology, and functional studies were performed up to 11 months postoperatively. Tensile strength measurements indicate no long‐term disadvantage with the laser‐assisted technique, although the short‐term tensile strength is lower than with conventional suture repair. The conduction velocities of the repaired nerves were similar for both techniques; however, laser‐assisted repaired nerves were found to have lower stimulation thresholds and reduced branching compared to the suture repaired nerves. The measured functional recovery was similar for both repair techniques.
Ablation of recurrent and metastatic lntraabdominal tumor with the CO2 laser
Authors: Chevinsky Aaron H. , Minton John Peter 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA retrospective study was carried out to determine the usefulness of the CO2, laser in the management of patients with recurrent and metastatic intraabdominal tumors. Twenty‐six intraabdominal procedures utilizing the laser were carried out on 24 patients at The Ohio State University between 1984 and 1988. This included 11 patients with recurrent adenocarcinoma of colonic origin, 3 patients with malignant carcinoid tumors, 3 patients with ovarian carcinomas, and one patient each with metastatic pheochromocytoma, appendix, breast, stomach, and lung carcinoma. In addition, there was one patient with pseudomyxoma peritoneii and one patient with both colonic and ovarian carcinoma. Tumors were located in the retroperitoneum (3), pelvis (2), liver (11), bowel serosa (5), diaphragm (4), mesentery (31), and peritoneal implants (3). The laser was used as an adjunct to standard surgical techniques and in most instances was combined with other operative procedures. Its use was greatest in cases where en bloc resection was impossible, as with hepatic lesions located near the hepatic veins or vena cava. Additional benefit was derived in cases where cytoreductive or debulking surgery was useful as in ovarian carcinoma and metastatic neuroendocrine tumors. All four patients with neuroendocrine tumors are still alive 3, 7, 12, and 56 months after surgery. In addition, symptom relief was apparent in all after surgery. All patients with ovarian carcinoma are also alive 9–29 months after surgery. Six of the 11 patients with recurrent colon carcinoma are alive 3–21 months after surgery, and those who died survived an average of 10 months after surgery. Most showed a lowering of the serum CEA level after surgery. The patients with appendiceal primary and the one with pseudomyxoma peritoneii are both alive 12 and 15 months after surgery. The carbon dioxide laser is a valuable tool for the ablation of metastatic and recurrent intraabdominal tumors and may be used in conjunction with standard techniques in the overall management of these patients.
Light attenuation of human liver and hepatic tumors after surgical resection
Authors: Nakamura Satoshi , Nishiwaki Yoshiro , Suzuki Shouhachi , Sakaguchi Shukichi , Yamashita Yutaka , Ohta Kazuyoshi 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe attenuation of light in the human liver and hepatic tumors was measured in the 410‐, 630‐, and 670‐nm wavelengths. Optical fibers coupled to a photon‐counting system were positioned within the tissues to determine the light flux and were attached to a caliper gauge to measure the fiber separation distance. Five resected specimens each of metastatic carcinoma from the colon with normal liver and hepatocellular carcinoma with cirrhosis of the liver were used immediately after surgical resection. Metastatic tumors showed the deepest penetration at all wavelengths. A significant difference appeared between the cancerous and noncancerous tissues (P < .01). Additionally, the cirrhotic liver tissues showed significant deep penetration by all wavelengths examined in comparison with normal liver tissues (P < .01). The implications of light dosimetry for clinical application from the results of our study are discussed.
Methods for the endoscopic photographic and visual detection of helium cadmium laser‐Induced fluorescence of photofrin II
Authors: Rogers David W. , Lanzafame Raymond J. , Blackman Jeffrey , Naim John O. , Herrera H. Raul , Hinshaw J. Raymond 
Published: March 2007

AbstractEndoscopic detection of small tumors is key to the early diagnosis and treatment of malignancy. This paper describes a simple, endoscopic detection system which enables tumor localization and a permanent record based on the laser–induced fluorescence of dihematoporphyrin ether (LIFD). Spectral analysis of dihe‐matoporphyrin ether (DHE, Photofrin II) was performed with a Perkin Elmer LS‐5 scanning fluorimeter. DHE at concentrations of 50 μg/ml and 5 μg/ml in 95% ethanol were tested, demonstrating fluorescence quenching at 50 μg/ml DHE at 406 nm excitation. This phenomenon was not observed at 442 nm excitation. Based on this data and the availability of the helium cadmium laser, a series of endoscopic detection systems was developed and tested utilizing a LiConix 4240NB helium cadmium laser (TEMoo, 442 nm, 40 mW). A fiber with a microdiverging (MDL) lens was used. Irradiance achieved at the tip of the fiber was 31.58 mW/cm2 for MDL. A Corning 34832 (550 nm) sharp cutoff barrier filter was coupled to an Olympus OES BF2T10 bronchoscope. Successful detection of LIFD was obtained.Direct observation of LIFD is possible when wearing Laserguard argon safety goggles (OD 15 at 488 nm, OD 11 at 514 nm). Photographic recording of LIFD was performed with the following cameras and parameters: Olympus OM‐2S camera (OM2) with EES135 film (ISO 1600) with a 4‐second exposure (method 1) and the Olympus OES SCP‐10 instant camera with Polaroid 779 (ISO 640) film and a 120‐second exposure (method 2). The photographic methods demonstrate the red fluorescence of DHE on filter paper disks at concentrations of 0.5 μg/ml (500 ng/ml). The visual method allows detection of as little as 0.25 μg/ml (250 ng/ml) DHE. These methods provide a low‐cost method for tumor detection within the range of DHE concentrations employed clinically. The use of the helium cadmium laser for laser‐induced fluorescent endoscopic detection of Photofrin II is reported.
Laser thermal angioplasty probe (“hot tip”) temperature: Effects of flow
Authors: Rosenthal Eric , Foussas Stephanos , Montarello Joseph K. , Boyd Edward G. C. A. , Curry Paul V. L. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe temperature developed by the laser thermal (“hot tip”) probe during arterial recanalisation is primarily dependent on the rate of energy delivery and the rate of dissipation to the surrounding medium. While higher probe tip temperatures enhance the efficacy of atheroma ablation, so too is the incidence of adverse effects increased. We studied the temperature developed in the probe tip in an artificial circulation using both saline and blood. In saline the peak probe temperatures were limited to 100°C (boiling point), falling with each increment in flow. Small discrepancies in probe tip temperature were found between probes and within probes at different times and may be due to malalignment of the optical fibre‐metal cap coupling, temperature measurement inaccuracy, tip insulation, or generator output instability. In blood, charring and clot formation insulated the tip raising the temperature (up to 700°C within 5 seconds at 10 W) but also retarded dissipation of heat to the surroundings. The degree of clot and char formation was critical in determining subsequent thermal responses in any particular probe. The unknown rate and quantity of char buildup and changing blood flow during in vivo angioplasty are likely to be important obstacles to developing a reliable thermal feedback control system.
Long‐Term survival of a lung cancer patient treated with photodynamic therapy
Authors: Nelson J. Stuart , Fairshter Ronald D. , Berns Michael W. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA 63–year‐old male, status post‐right pneumonec‐tomy, presented with hemoptysis. Although chest X‐ray and CAT scan film findings were negative, bronchoscopy with biopsy from the left mainstem bronchus demonstrated squamous cell carcinoma. Because of the inoperable location of the lesion, the patient was treated with photodynamic therapy (PDT) in February 1984. At present, the patient is cancer free more then 6 years after PDT.
Combination treatment for massive cavernous hemangioma of the face: YAG laser photocoagulation plus direct steroid injection followed by YAG laser resection with sapphire scalpel tips, aided by superselective embolization
Authors: Apfelberg David B. , Maser Morton R. , White David N. , Dds Harvey Lash , Lane Barton , Marks Michael P. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA massive cavernous hemangioma of the face in an 11 month old child has been successfully resected utilizing a combination of laser and non‐laser techniques. The hemangioma was initially treated twice with YAG laser photocoagulation plus direct injection of steroids. This treatment promptly stopped the rapid growth and induced blanching as well as a 25% shrinkage with each treatment. Arteriogram with superselective embolization produced a further shrinkage of the hemangioma. Finally, the contact YAG laser with sapphire scalpel tips was utilized for complete and cosmetically satisfactory hemangioma resection. The treatment of a massive cavernous hemangioma by a combination of modalities is discussed.
Preliminary experiments of possible uses in medicine of novel plastic hollow fibers for transmission of CO2 radiation
Authors: Kaplan Isaac , Giler Shamai , Dror Jacob , Gannot Israel , Croitoru Nathan 
Published: March 2007

AbstractPlastic hollow fibers for the transmission of CO2 laser energy in curved paths were produced by plating the inner surface of plastic tubes with a metal film and dielectric film upon that. These fibers can transmit high power, up to 40 W at the outlet, with high transmission yield even through several bendings. To demonstrate a possible use of the fibers, they were checked for their influence on live tissues of dogs. Incisions were made in the liver, and ulcers in the dogs' stomachs were treated. The fibers were inserted into the stomach through the esophagus. Complete healing was observed after 4 weeks.
Protection of fiber function by para‐Axial fluid flow in interstitial laser therapy of malignant tumors
Authors: Dowlatshahi Kambiz , Bangert Julee D. , Haklin Michael F. , Rhodes Charles K. , Weinstein Ronald S. , Economou Steven G. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractIn the past, interstitial laser therapy frequently has failed because of the damage to the bare fiber tip due to intense heat generated at the point of contact. Using a rat mammary tumor model, we describe a method of placing a 600 micron fiber inside a gauge 19 needle cannula after its insertion into the tumor. With this device continuous wave Nd:YAG laser is delivered to the target tumor while 0.9% saline flows para‐axially into the tumor. Significant coagulation necrosis was induced with 500 joules at 5 watts, 100 seconds and 1 cc per minute of saline while the needle‐fiber is pulled out of the tumor by 10 mm. The mean transmission loss after 500 joules was 2% in ten experiments. The tumor edema due to 1.5 ml of saline was transient. We conclude that successful hyperthermic coagulation necrosis by Nd:YAG laser can be achieved with minimal transmission loss by employing the above technique.
Photochemotherapy of hypervascular dermal lesions: A possible alternative to photothermal therapy?
Authors: Orenstein Arie , Nelson J. Stuart , Liaw Lih‐Huei L. , Kaplan Ross , Kimel Sol , Berns Michael W. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractContinued improvement in the results of laser treatment of port wine stain, with reduction in scarring, will depend on the ability to use lasers to induce selective injury of only the abnormal blood vessels in the dermis while sparing the normal overlying epidermis. Photodynamic therapy, using an exogenous photosensitizing drug specifically activated by certain wavelengths of light, may be used to destroy selectively certain targets in biological systems. The current study demonstrates, in the chicken comb model, that photochemotherapy can be used to treat hypervascular dermal lesions while leaving the normal overlying epidermis completely intact.
Ablation of endometriotic implants in rabbits by hematoporphyrin derivative photoradiation therapy using the gold vapor laser
Authors: Petrucco Oswald M. , Sathananden Muttukrishna , Petrucco Michael F. , Knowles Simon , McKenzie Lorraine , Forbes Ian J. , Cowled Prudence A. , Keye William E. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractIn a rabbit model, endometriotic lesions were utilized to study hematoporphyrin derivative (HPD) uptake and the effect of photoradiation using the gold vapor laser. Morphological studies confirmed successful induction of ectopic endometrial growth and the lesions displayed preferential HPD uptake compared to normal intraperitoneal structures. Gold vapor laser irradiation of the lesions in HPD pretreated animals produced necrosis of the endometriotic lesions leaving surrounding tissues healthy. Results from this study suggest that HPD‐mediated photodynamic therapy may be a suitable means of treating endometriosis in the human.
Dihematoporphyrin Ether‐Induced photosensitivity in laryngeal papilloma patients
Authors: Mullooly Virginia M. , Abramson Allan L. , Shikowitz Mark J. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractTwenty‐six patients with recurrent laryngeal papillomatosis received 2.5 mg/kg of Dihematoporphyrin Ether (DHE) intravenously prior to photodynamic therapy. All patients experienced some degree of photosensitivity, the only known side effect of DHE.Reported reactions included mild erythema and inflammation (88%), swelling (58%), blistering (23%), ocular discomfort (61.5%), pruritus (38%), and skin hyperpigmentation (46%). Length of sensitivity ranged from 4–17 weeks, with an average duration of 9 weeks. No long‐term debilitating sequelae were noted.Degree of skin reaction mainly depended on how compliant the patient was in following precaution instructions. Although restrictive precautions were often difficult to strictly adhere to, most patients felt the potential benefits of the therapy far out‐weighed any inconvenience.
Infrared absorption spectra ranging from 2.5 to 10 μm at various layers of human normal abdominal aorta and fibrofatty atheroma in vitro
Authors: Arai Tsunenori , Mizuno Kyoichi , Fujikawa Akira , Nakagawa Masato , Kikuchi Makoto 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe infrared absorption spectra ranging from 2.5 to 10 μm in wavelength at various layers of both the human normal abdominal aorta wall and the fibrofatty atheroma were measured by conventional transmission spectrophotometry. Optical specimens 7 μm in thickness were prepared using a cold microtome. Pathological examination was simultaneously performed to identify tissue type of the optical specimen. We found that the presence of characteristic absorption peaks at 5.75 and 3.4 μm was restricted to the atheromatous (fibrofatty) layer of the aorta wall. These peaks may be attributed to the accumulated cholesterol deposits. We also discovered that the normal media layer had strong absorption at 6.05 μm. The discrimination between normal media, fibrofatty atheroma, and aged intimal tissue was made possible by the normalized peak ratio which was based on the ratio of the 5.75‐and 6.05‐μm absorption peaks. These results may be significant for selective laser ablation of atheromatous tissue, as well as tissue diagnosis, to prevent artery perforation during laser angioplastic procedures.
Dependence of the XeCl laser cut rate of plaque on the degree of calcification, laser fluence, and optical pulse duration
Authors: Taylor Rod S. , Higginson Lyall A. J. , Leopold Kurt E. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA XeCl laser with an optical pulse duration of 35 ns was used to determine the cut depth per laser pulse of postmortem human aorta as a function of laser fluence for four main categories of plaque development. The data indicate that the cut depth per pulse progressively decreases as the degree of calcification increases even at very high (100 mJ/mm2) laser fluences. A comparison was made between the XeCl laser cut rate data obtained using the 35‐ns duration laser pulses to data obtained using 200‐ns duration pulses for each of the four plaque types. As the degree of tissue calcification increased higher XeCl laser fluences were required for the long pulse case to achieve the same cut depth per pulse as that observed using the shorter pulse duration.
Laser assisted fixation of ear prostheses after stapedectomy
Authors: Schlenk Erwin , Profeta Glen , Nelson J. Stuart , Andrews Jeffrey J. , Berns Michael W. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThree different lasers (erbium:YAG, holmium:YAG, alexandrite) were used to drill a hole at the end of the long process of the incus in order to fix an ear prosthesis after stapedectomy or small fenestra stapedectomy. The energy was coupled into a 250‐pm core diameter zirconium‐fluoride fiber. The operations were carried out on human temporal bone models from cadavers. The fiber was guided to the incus under the stereoscopic surgical microscope. The tissue response was examined under the scanning electron microscope, and after decalcification, histologi‐cally. These studies suggest the feasibility of using the erbium: YAG laser to improve the anchorage of the prosthesis on the incus and to increase the stability in ossicular chain reconstruction.
Laser‐irradiation‐induced relaxation of blood vessels in vivo
Authors: Gourgouliatos Zafirios F. , Welch Ashley J. , Diller Kenneth R. , Aggrwal Shanti J. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe response of blood vessels to laser irradiation invivo was studied in the dorsal skin flan glass window chamber model of hamsters. The vasodialatory response of venules was critically dependent on the wavelength of irradiating lasser. Relaxation was not produced in arterioles, althought it was tried repeatedly. Vessels were irradiated with the 514.5 nm single line argon laser with irradiances from 1 to 10 W/cm2 on a 1.2 mm‐diameter spot. Irradiation of venules with 2.2 W/cm2 and 4.25 W/cm2 produced reversible relaxation. Venules relaxed initially and after the interruption of irradiation returned to their orginal diameter. At higher irradiances (8.5 W/cm2) an irreversible relaxation was observed. At irradiances of 10 W/cm2 and above initial relaxation was accompanied with constriction, focal coaguli, and hemostasis. irradiation with the argon‐pumed dye laser at 595 nm did not produce any significant relaxation.
Nd:YAG‐laser in the microsurgery of frontobasal meningiomas
Authors: Waidhauser Erich , Beck Oskar J. , Oeckler Reinhardt C. T. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractForty‐three patients with big frontobasal meningiomas underwent a microsurgical removal of the tumor. The 1.32μm Nd: YAG‐laser has proved useful in this prospective series particularly with the contactless shrinkage of the tumors and the necrotization of the dural and bony attachments. Tumor shrinkage was achieved by radiating the tumor surface with the Nd: YAG‐loaser. This technique facilitated the microsurgical dissection and reduced the blood loos by half. The Nd: YAG‐laser necrotization of the dural and bony attachments reduced the recurrence rate following grade two resections from 20% to zero. The postoperative quality of life was excellent with a complete rehabilitation in 76% of the patients. The use of the 1.32 μm Nd:YAG‐laser improved significantly the results of microsurgery for frontobasal meningioma.
CO2‐welded venous anastomosis: Enhancement of weld strength with heterologous fibrin glue
Authors: Cikrit Dolores F. , Dalsing Michael C. , Weinstein Todd S. , Palmer Kevin , Lalka Stephen G. , Unthank Joseph L. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe milliwatt CO2 laser was used to perform end‐to‐end anastomoses in canine jugular veins. There was a high disruption rate (50%) in laser‐welded veins (n = 10). Fibrin glue (n = 17), formed from human fresh‐frozen plasma, enhanced the weld strength decreasing the disruption rate (18%), resulting in an 82% patency which nearly equaled the contralateral sutured vein patency (93%). The bursting strength was improved with fibrin glue. Transmural necrosis was present initially in all groups but extended for a longer distance in the vessel wall in laser‐welded anastomoses. Sutured anastomoses exhibited a greater inflammatory response. In laser‐welded anastomoses endothelial cells were not as confluent as in sutured anastomoses by six weeks.Carbon dioxide laser‐welded end‐to‐end vein anastomoses appear to be impractical because they disrupt too easily. However, the addition of heterologous fibrin glue to the weld results in a reasonably strong anastomosis with histologic properties that may be beneficial in vein bypass grafts.
Direct CO2 laser “revascularization” of the myocardium
Authors: Landreneau Rodney , Nawarawong Weerachai , Laughlin Harold , Ripperger Joseph , Brown Olen , McDaniel Wayne , McKown Daniel , Curtis Jack 
Published: March 2007

AbstractEvidence of regional myocardial perfusion and contractile function after direct CO2 laser myocardial revascularization (DLR) is lacking. We examined myocardial segment shortening, adenine nucleotide concentrations, and regional blood flow after DLR of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) distribution before and after its proximal ligation in seven anesthetized conditioned dogs. Sonomicrometry assessed myocardial fiber shortening and radioactive microspheres were used to estimate baseline regional blood flows. Cardiopulmonary bypass was followed by cardioplegia arrest. Laser channels (1 mm diameter) were made every 3 to 5 mm in the LAD region with an 80 watt Lasersonics CO2 unit. Bypass was terminated, the LAD occluded, and parameters reassessed. Core samples of myocardium from the lased LAD and control circumflex area were taken to assess adenine nucleotides. After occlusion, LAD distribution blood flow and myocardial shortening were reduced to pre‐lasing ischemic controls. Adenine nucleotides were reduced in the LAD region relative to the control CMX area. DLR cannot be relied upon to acutely revascularize the ischemic myocardium.