bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Body Mass Index‐Related Human Adipocyte agouti Expression Is Sex‐Specific but Not Depot‐Specific
Authors: Voisey Joanne , Imbeault Pascal , Hutley Louise , Prins John B. , van Daal Angela 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjective: To determine if human adipocyte agouti signal protein (ASIP) mRNA expression is associated with obesity and is gender and/or depot specific.Research Methods and Procedures: Subjects included 8 men (64 ± 3 years) and 14 women (56 ± 15 years) undergoing elective abdominal surgery. ASIP mRNA levels in isolated omental and subcutaneous abdominal adipocytes were measured by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.Results: No significant depot difference was observed between genders; ASIP mRNA levels of omental and subcutaneous abdominal adipocytes were pooled for this analysis. BMI and ASIP gene expression were negatively correlated in men (ρ = −0.70; p < 0.05), whereas a positive relationship was observed in women (ρ = 0.48; p < 0.05). No significant difference was observed in age, body weight, body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference between groups. Hip circumference was significantly higher in women than in men (p < 0.05). Also, no significant difference in ASIP mRNA expression was observed between men and women, regardless of the fat depot.Discussion: These results show that men and women of similar age and BMI present similar ASIP mRNA levels in omental and subcutaneous abdominal adipocytes. However, a sexual dimorphism exists in the relationship between ASIP expression and BMI. If ASIP is involved in appetite regulation or energy homeostasis in humans, this observation may contribute to the recognized differences in these parameters between men and women.
Impact of Interviewer's Body Mass Index on Underreporting Energy Intake in Overweight and Obese Women
Authors: McKenzie Debra C. , Johnson Rachel K. , Harvey‐Berino Jean , Gold Beth Casey 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjective: To determine if overweight and obese women provide more accurate reports of their energy intake by 1) in‐person recall with an obese interviewer, 2) in‐person recall with a lean interviewer, or 3) telephone recall with an unknown interviewer.Research Methods and Procedures: Eighty‐eight overweight and obese women participated in this study. Subjects completed one telephone‐administered multiple‐pass 24‐hour recall (MP24R) with an unknown interviewer and were then randomly assigned to an in‐person MP24R with either a lean or obese interviewer to gather reported energy intake (rEI). Basal metabolic rate (BMR) was measured using a Deltrac monitor, and physical activity (EEPA) was estimated using a Caltrac accelerometer. Therefore, estimated energy expenditure was determined by: estTEE = (BMR + EEPA) × 1.10.Results: No significant differences were found between the two in‐person interview modes for subject age, weight, body mass index, percentage of body fat, total energy expenditure, rEI, and misreporting of energy intake. In‐person recall data were combined for comparison with the telephone recalls. No significant difference was found between the in‐person and telephone recalls for rEI and misreporting. Mean reported energy intake was significantly lower than estimated total energy expenditure for the telephone recalls and combined (lean and obese modes) in‐person recalls.Conclusions: This study found that interviewer body mass index had no impact on self‐reported energy intake during an in‐person MP24R, and that telephone recall data were comparable with in‐person recalls. Underreporting was a widespread problem (∼26%) for all modes in this sample.
Echocardiographic Abnormalities in Normotensive Obese Patients: Relationship with Visceral Fat
Authors: Morricone Lelio , Malavazos Alexis Elias , Coman Calin , Donati Cristina , Hassan Tamin , Caviezel Francesco 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjective: To evaluate the relationship of echocardiographic characteristics and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) distribution in normotensive obese patients.Research Methods and Procedures: Echocardiographic parameters were assessed in 28 normotensive obese patients [7 men, 21 women, mean age, 43.2 years; mean body mass index (BMI), 37.2 kg/m2; 10 with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT); 6 with type 2 diabetes] and 18 sex‐ and age‐matched healthy, normal‐weight controls (4 men, 14 women; mean age, 45.8 years; mean BMI, 22.4 kg/m2) by an M‐mode, color‐doppler videofluoroscope. VAT in the obese patients was assessed by computed tomography (at L4 level).Results: The obese patients had a significantly larger internal diastolic left ventricular (LV) diameter (p < 0.05), a thicker end‐diastolic septum (p < 0.001) and posterior wall (p < 0.001), a greater indexed (g/m2.7) LV mass (p < 0.001), a higher atrial diastolic filling wave velocity (p < 0.001), a lower ratio between early and atrial diastolic filling wave velocities (p < 0.01), and a prolonged isovolumic relaxation time (p < 0.05). End‐diastolic septum and posterior wall thickness and the LV mass were significantly greater in patients with a VAT area >130 cm2 than with <130 cm2. In the multivariate regression analysis, only VAT (p < 0.0001), waist‐to‐hip ratio (p < 0.001), and sex (p < 0.001) were associated with the most important echocardiographic alterations.Discussion: The morphological and functional echocardiographic alterations usually found in normotensive obese patients closely correlate with the amount of intra‐abdominal fat deposition, even in the presence of diabetes or IGT.
Familial Resemblance of 7‐Year Changes in Body Mass and Adiposity
Authors: Hunt Melanie S. , Katzmarzyk Peter T. , Pérusse Louis , Rice Treva , Rao D. C. , Bouchard Claude 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjective: To investigate the familial resemblance of 7‐year changes in body mass and adiposity among Canadian families.Research Methods and Procedures: The sample consisted of 655 women and 660 men from 521 families who participated in the Canada Fitness Survey in 1981 and the follow‐up Campbell's Survey in 1988. Indicators of baseline and 7‐year changes in body mass and adiposity included body mass (kilograms), body mass index (BMI; kilograms per square meter), sum of five skinfolds (SF5; millimeters), and waist circumference (WC; millimeters). The data were adjusted for the effects of age and sex, and the change scores were adjusted for baseline levels. A familial correlation model was used to determine the heritability of each phenotype using maximum likelihood techniques.Results: Significant familial resemblance was observed at baseline and for 7‐year changes in all phenotypes. At baseline, moderate heritabilities were observed [body mass: heritability coefficient (h2) = 56%; BMI, h2 = 39%; SF5, h2 = 41%; and WC, h2 = 39%], whereas values were attenuated for each change score except for WC (Δbody mass, h2 = 23%; ΔBMI, h2 = 14%; ΔSF5, h2 = 12%; and ΔWC, h2 = 45%).Discussion: Changes in body mass and adiposity significantly aggregate within families over 7 years. However, baseline values are characterized by higher heritability levels except WC. The significant heritabilities observed for change scores suggest that lifestyle, transient environmental factors, and possibly age‐related gene effects are important determinants of changes in body mass and adiposity.
Metabolic Effects of Mental Stress during Over‐ and Underfeeding in Healthy Women
Authors: Seematter Gérald , Dirlewanger Mirjam , Rey Valentine , Schneiter Philippe , Tappy Luc 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjective: To assess the short‐term consequences of carbohydrate or fat overfeeding or of food restriction on the metabolic effects of mental stress in healthy lean women.Research Methods and Procedures: The effects of a sympathetic activation elicited by mental stress were evaluated in a group of healthy women after standardized isocaloric feeding (ISO) or after a 3‐day overfeeding with 40% excess calories as either carbohydrate overfeeding (CHO OF) or fat overfeeding (FAT OF). Oxygen consumption rate (VO2) was measured as an index of energy expenditure, and subcutaneous glycerol concentrations were monitored with microdialysis. The same measurements were performed in another group of healthy women after ISO and after a 3‐day period of underfeeding with a protein sparing modified fast (UF).Results: In all conditions, mental stress significantly increased heart rate, blood pressure, plasma norepinephrine and epinephrine concentrations, and VO2, and produced a nonsignificant increase in subcutaneous glycerol concentrations. CHO OF and FAT OF did not alter the effects of mental stress on VO2 and subcutaneous glycerol concentrations. In contrast, UF increased basal VO2 but significantly reduced its stimulation by mental stress. UF also enhanced the increase in subcutaneous glycerol concentrations during mental stress.Discussion: UF reduces the stimulation of energy expenditure and enhances lipolysis during sympathetic activation. These adaptations may be involved in mobilization of endogenous fat while limiting weight loss. In contrast, short‐term overfeeding fails to alter the sympathetic control of energy expenditure and lipolysis.
Effects of Fluoxetine Administration on Neuropeptide Y and Orexins in Obese Zucker Rat Hypothalamus
Authors: Gutiérrez Arantza , Saracíbar Gonzalo , Casis Luis , Echevarría Enrique , Rodríguez Víctor Manuel , Macarulla Maria Teresa , Abecia Luis C. , Portillo María P. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjective: The aim of this work was to study the potential involvement of neuropeptide Y (NPY) and orexins in the anorexigenic mechanism of fluoxetine in obese Zucker rats, assessing the effects of chronic fluoxetine treatment on NPY and orexin immunostaining in several hypothalamic regions.Research Methods and Procedures: Male obese Zucker (fa/fa) rats were administered fluoxetine (10 mg/kg intraperitoneally) daily for 2 weeks. The control group was administered 0.9% NaCl solution. Carcass composition was assessed using the official methods of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists. To test the potential thermogenic effect of fluoxetine administration, total body oxygen consumption was measured daily for 60 minutes before fluoxetine or saline injection and for 30 minutes after drug or saline injection. Hypothalamic arcuate and paraventricular nuclei, and the lateral hypothalamic area were immunostained for NPY, orexin A, and orexin B. Commercial kits were used for serum determinations.Results: Chronic fluoxetine administration in obese Zucker rats generated a reduction in body weight gain, food intake, adipocyte size, fat mass, and body protein. A decrease in NPY immunostaining in the paraventricular nucleus, without changes in the arcuate, was observed. However, no changes were observed in the number of neural cells immunostained for orexin A or orexin B in the lateral hypothalamic area.Discussion: Due to the hyperphagic effect of NPY in the paraventricular nucleus, these results suggest that NPY, but not orexins, could be involved in the anorexigenic effect of fluoxetine in obese Zucker rats.
Effects of Energy Expenditure and Ucp1 on Photoperiod‐Induced Weight Gain in Collared Lemmings
Authors: Powell Charles Stephenson , Blaylock Matthew L. , Wang Ruixue , Hunter Heather L. , Johanning Gary L. , Nagy Tim R. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjective: To determine the role of total energy expenditure (TEE) and its components in the ability of collared lemmings to increase weight in response to a decrease in photoperiod.Research Methods and Procedures: Energy expenditure was measured by 24‐hour indirect calorimetry concurrent with food‐intake studies. TEE and resting and nonresting energy expenditure (REE and NREE, respectively) were adjusted for body weight by analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). Uncoupling protein 1 (Ucp1) mRNA levels from interscapular brown adipose tissue were determined by Northern blot.Results: TEE and REE of lemmings exposed to a short photoperiod for 10 days were significantly lower than that of lemmings exposed to a long photoperiod (p < 0.05), whereas NREE was not significantly different (p = 0.44). Ucp1 mRNA levels in interscapular brown adipose tissue were 50% lower in short‐ vs. long‐photoperiod lemmings (p < 0.01). Ucp1 mRNA levels were positively related to REE (r2 = 0.79, p < 0.01). After adjustment of REE for differences in Ucp1 mRNA levels, there was no longer a significant difference attributable to photoperiod treatment (p = 0.54).Discussion: The results of this study indicate that the increase in body mass that occurs when collared lemmings are exposed to a short photoperiod may be primarily fueled by a decrease in REE and is correlated with a decrease in Ucp1 mRNA levels.
Combining Behavioral and Pharmacological Treatments for Obesity
Authors: Phelan Suzanne , Wadden Thomas A. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractWeight‐loss medications are currently recommended for use only as an adjunct to diet, exercise, and behavior modification. Little, however, is known about the benefits of combining behavioral and pharmacological therapies or about the mechanisms that would make these combined approaches more effective than either used alone. This article reviews the effects of adding pharmacotherapy (i.e., principally sibutramine and orlistat) to a modest program of lifestyle modification. Studies revealed that the addition of medication typically improved short‐ and long‐term weight loss compared with lifestyle modification alone. The best results, however, were obtained when medications were combined with an intensive, group program of lifestyle modification. The two approaches may have additive effects; behavioral treatment seems to help obese individuals control the external (i.e., food‐related) environment, whereas pharmacotherapy may control the internal environment by reducing hunger, cravings, or nutrient absorption. The article examines possible methods of sequencing behavioral and pharmacological therapies and offers suggestions for future research.
Effects of Obesity on Substrate Utilization during Exercise
Authors: Goodpaster Bret H. , Wolfe Robert R. , Kelley David E. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjective: The capacity for lipid and carbohydrate (CHO) oxidation during exercise is important for energy partitioning and storage. This study examined the effects of obesity on lipid and CHO oxidation during exercise.Research Methods and Procedures: Seven obese and seven lean [body mass index (BMI), 33 ± 0.8 and 23.7 ± 1.2 kg/m2, respectively] sedentary, middle‐aged men matched for aerobic capacity performed 60 minutes of cycle exercise at similar relative (50% Vo2max) and absolute exercise intensities.Results: Obese men derived a greater proportion of their energy from fatty‐acid oxidation than lean men (43 ± 5% 31 ± 2%; p = 0.02). Plasma fatty‐acid oxidation determined from recovery of infused [0.15 μmol/kg fat‐free mass (FFM) per minute] [1‐13C]‐palmitate in breath CO2 was similar for obese and lean men (8.4 ± 1.1 and 29 ± 15 μmol/kg FFM per minute). Nonplasma fatty‐acid oxidation, presumably, from intramuscular sources, was 50% higher in obese men than in lean men (10.0 ± 0.6 versus 6.6 ± 0.8 μmol/kg FFM per minute; p < 0.05). Systemic glucose disposal was similar in lean and obese groups (33 ± 8 and 29 ± 15 μmol/kg FFM per minute). However, the estimated rate of glycogen‐oxidation was 50% lower in obese than in lean men (61 ± 12 versus 90 ± 6 μmol/kg FFM per minute; p < 0.05).Discussion: During moderate exercise, obese sedentary men have increased rates of fatty‐acid oxidation from nonplasma sources and reduced rates of CHO oxidation, particularly muscle glycogen, compared with lean sedentary men.
Weight Loss Increases Soluble Leptin Receptor Levels and the Soluble Receptor Bound Fraction of Leptin
Authors: Laimer Markus , Ebenbichler Christoph F. , Kaser Susanne , Sandhofer Anton , Weiss Helmut , Nehoda Hermann , Aigner Franz , Patsch Josef R. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjective: Soluble leptin receptor (sOB‐R) represents the main binding site for leptin in human blood. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between leptin and soluble leptin receptor and the bound/free ratio after pronounced weight reduction.Research Methods and Procedures: A total of 18 morbidly obese women participated in this prospective study. Subjects were examined for fat mass, leptin, and sOB‐R concentrations before and 1 year after Swedish adjustable gastric banding.Results: Anthropomorphic measures displayed a significant reduction of body mass index [(42.9 ± 5.6 to 32.9 ± 6.0 kg/m2 (mean ± SD)]. Fat mass decreased from 56.3 ± 9.0 to 33.9 ± 12.5 kg. Plasma leptin concentration decreased from 44.6 ± 18.0 to 20.0 ± 13.1 ng/mL (p < 0.001), whereas the sOB‐R levels increased from 11.1 ± 3.6 to 16.6 ± 6.0 U/mL after weight‐reducing surgery. Thus, the sOB‐R bound fraction of leptin increased from 7% to 33%.Discussion: This work demonstrates a relationship between weight loss, leptin, and sOB‐R concentrations in vivo. During weight loss, leptin levels decreased, whereas sOB‐R levels and the receptor bound fraction of leptin increased. Thus, sOB‐R may negatively regulate free leptin.
Obesity Affects Myocardial Vasoreactivity and Coronary Flow Response to Insulin
Authors: Sundell Jan , Laine Hanna , Luotolahti Matti , Kalliokoski Kari , Raitakari Olli , Nuutila Pirjo , Knuuti Juhani 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjective: Obesity is associated with increased risk for cardiovascular diseases and peripheral endothelial dysfunction. We examined whether myocardial vasoreactivity and coronary‐flow response to insulin stimulation are altered in obesity.Research Methods and Procedures: Myocardial blood flow was quantitated in 10 obese men (body mass index, 33.6 ± 1.9 kg/m2) and 10 healthy matched non‐obese men (body mass index, 24.2 ± 1.9 kg/m2), using positron emission tomography and oxygen‐15‐labeled water. The measurements were performed basally and during adenosine infusion (140 μg/kg per minute), with or without simultaneous physiological (1 mU/kg per minute) and supraphysiological (5 mU/kg per minute) hyperinsulinemia.Results: Basal myocardial blood flow was not significantly different between obese and non‐obese subjects. Adenosine‐stimulated flow was blunted in obese (3.2 ± 0.6 mL/g per minute) when compared with non‐obese subjects (4.0 ± 1.1 mL/g per minute, p < 0.05). Simultaneous physiological hyperinsulinemia increased adenosine‐stimulated myocardial flow significantly in both groups (to 4.03 ± 1.24 and 4.85 ± 1.04 mL/g per minute in obese and non‐obese men, respectively; p < 0.05 vs. adenosine). Supraphysiological hyperinsulinemia further enhanced the adenosine‐stimulated flow in non‐obese subjects (to 5.56 ± 0.98 mL/g per minute; p < 0.05) but not in obese subjects.Discussion: Young obese, healthy men have reduced myocardial vasoreactivity, which may represent an early precursor of future coronary artery disease. Additionally, insulin‐induced enhancement of myocardial blood flow is blunted in obesity. Thus, endothelial dysfunction seems to also characterize myocardial vasculature of obese subjects.
Combining Weight‐Loss Counseling with the Weight Watchers Plan for Obese Breast Cancer Survivors
Authors: Djuric Zora , DiLaura Nora M. , Jenkins Isabella , Darga Linda , Jen Catherine K.‐L. , Mood Darlene , Bradley Ellen , Hryniuk William M. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjective: The objective was to develop effective weight‐loss methods for women who have had breast cancer, because obesity may result in an adverse prognosis.Research Methods and Procedures: This randomized pilot study tested an individualized approach toward weight loss in obese women who have had a diagnosis of breast cancer. An individualized approach was applied either alone or combined with the commercial Weight Watchers program. Forty‐eight women (body mass index of 30 to 44 kg/m2) were enrolled.Results: Weight change after 12 months of intervention was as follows (mean ± SD): 0.85 ± 6.0 kg in the control group, −2.6 ± 5.9 kg in the Weight Watchers group, −8.0 ± 5.5 kg in the individualized group, and −9.4 ± 8.6 kg in the comprehensive group that used both individualized counseling and Weight Watchers. Weight loss relative to control was statistically significant in the comprehensive group 3, 6, and 12 months after randomization, whereas weight loss in the individualized group was significant only at 12 months. Weight loss of 10% or more of initial body weight was observed in 6 of 10 women in the comprehensive group at 12 months. In the comprehensive and Weight Watchers–only groups, weight loss was significantly related to frequency of attendance at Weight Watchers meetings, and attendance was more frequent in the comprehensive group.Discussion: These data indicate that the most weight loss was achieved when the counseling approach combined both Weight Watchers and individualized contacts. This was effective even though most of the individualized contacts were by telephone.
Genetic Variability of Adult Body Mass Index: A Longitudinal Assessment in Framingham Families
Authors: Coady Sean A. , Jaquish Cashell E. , Fabsitz Richard R. , Larson Martin G. , Cupples L. Adrienne , Myers Richard H. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjective: To explore the contribution of genetics to the mean, SD, maximum value, maximum less the mean, and change over time in body mass index (BMI) and the residual of body weight after adjustment for height. BMI is frequently used as a general indicator of obesity because of its ease and reliability in ascertainment. Cross‐sectional twin and family studies have shown a moderate‐to‐substantial genetic component for BMI. However, the contribution of genetics to the long‐term average, variability, or change over time in BMI is less clear.Research Methods and Procedures: Longitudinal data from the Framingham heart study were used to create pedigrees of age‐matched individuals. Heritability estimates were derived using variance‐decomposition methods on a total of 1051 individuals from 380 extended pedigrees followed for a period of 20 years. All subjects were followed from approximately age 35 to 55 years.Results: Moderate heritability estimates were found for the mean BMI (h2 = 0.37), maximum BMI (h2 = 0.40), and the mean residual of body weight (h2 = 0.36). Low heritability estimates (h2 ≅ 0.20) were found for the maximum less the mean in BMI and the SDs of BMI and residual of body weight. No additive genetic contribution was found for the average change over time in BMI or the residual of body weight.Discussion: These findings suggest that there is a significant genetic component for the magnitude of BMI throughout an individual's middle‐adult years; however, little evidence was found for a genetic contribution to the variability or rate of change in an individual's BMI.