bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rotor–stator phases of fullerenes with cubane derivatives: A novel family of heteromolecular crystals
Authors: Pekker S. , Kováts É. , Oszlányi G. , Bényei Gy. , Klupp G. , Bortel G. , Jalsovszky I. , Jakab E. , Borondics F. , Kamarás K. , Faigel G. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractWe present the formation, structure and properties of a new family of molecular crystals of distinct rotating and static components: the derivatives of fullerenes with cubane. The new crystals consist of alternating arrays of the constituents, stabilized by the recognition of the complementary molecular surfaces. The concave cubanes match six rotating fullerenes in octahedral configuration, while the six nearest neighbours of the convex fullerenes may form either octahedral or trigonal prismatic configurations. Fullerenes rotate freely in the ‘molecular bearing’ of cubanes. Lower symmetry crystals of similar properties form when cubane is replaced by 1,4‐diethynyl cubane. The following properties will be discussed: (i) The significant size and shape recognition makes possible the design of the crystal structure of new higher fullerenes and substituted cubane derivatives. (ii) The phase diagram of the rotor–stator crystals can be constructed in terms of the ball diameter of rotating fullerenes. (iii) The molecular geometry of the constituents has an influence on the structure and dynamics of the lower symmetry variants. (iv) At elevated temperatures the decomposition of cubane or diethynyl cubane induces topochemical copolymerization with the surrounding fullerenes. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Shape‐selective synthesis of II–VI semiconductor nanowires
Authors: Fasoli A. , Colli A. , Hofmann S. , Ducati C. , Robertson J. , Ferrari A. C. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractPolar II–VI semiconductors can nucleate in complex shapes ranging from nanowires to nanoribbons, nanosaws and multipods. Here we demonstrate the deterministic and fully reproducible shape‐selective growth of several morphologies of CdSe and ZnTe nanocrystals by a steady‐state vapour transport process. A simple pressure‐based precursor‐flow shutter excludes any effects of temperature ramping, ensuring reproducible shape selectivity for each set of deposition parameters. Once thermal gradients are eliminated, we show that the transition from one nanocrystal shape to another is controlled just by the interplay of precursor impinging on the substrate (ruled by the powder temperature T P) and sample surface kinetics (ruled by the sample temperature T S). Furthermore, a regime is found where seeded, epitaxial growth of CdSe nanorods becomes dominant over the conventional catalyst‐assisted nucleation. This allows the fabrication of vertical nanorod arrays free of any metal contamination. Seeded growth of branched and tetrapod‐like nanocrystals is also possible by further optimisation of the growth parameters. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Simultaneous alignment and dispersion of carbon nanotubes with lyotropic liquid crystals
Authors: Lagerwall Jan P. F. , Scalia Giusy , Haluska Miroslav , Dettlaff‐Weglikowska Ursula , Giesselmann Frank , Roth Siegmar 
Published: September 2006

AbstractWe demonstrate that single‐wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) can be macroscopically aligned by means of templating in a lyotropic nematic liquid crystal (LC), a self‐assembling anisotropic fluid with orientational but no translational order. The CNTs spontaneously adopt the alignment of the host, as we verify by means of resonant Raman spectroscopy. The aqueous LC host, based on the surfactant SDS, simultaneously keeps the nanotubes well dispersed over time scales of months or longer. The LC can be loaded with CNTs to almost the same extent as the standard isotropic 1% surfactant solutions normally used for dispersing CNTs without any optically visible bundling occurring. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Orientation of OH terminal groups in oligo(ethylene glycol)‐terminated self‐assemblies: results of ab initio modeling
Authors: Malysheva Lyuba , Onipko Alexander , Liedberg Bo 
Published: September 2006

AbstractAb initio optimization of periodic arrays of HS(CH2)3CONH‐EG3 [EGn = (CH2CH2O)n H], which are used to model real self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) terminated by oligomers of ethylene glycol (OEGs), favors a molecular geometry with a strong distortion of the OH tail group. The distortion effect is conformation dependent and appears exclusively in assemblies of helical OEGs. Helical SAM structures with the O–H bond directed towards the substrate surface exhibits a lower energy than the corresponding all trans SAMs with OH group oriented towards the vacuum interface. In view of strict limitations in molecular complexity and basis set for this kind of calculations, we tested the obtained molecular geometry as the starting point for performing optimization of the HS(CH2)15CONH‐EG6 molecule with the use of BP86/6‐31G* method/basis set provided by Gaussian03. It is found that the observed trend in OH tail group orientation survives and is consistent with a wealth of experimental data available for this type of SAMs. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Quasi one‐dimensional ceramic nanostructures spontaneously formed by combustion synthesis
Authors: Huczko A. , Lange H. , Bystrzejewski M. , Rutkowska A. , Cudziło S. , Szala M. , Wee A. T. S. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractInorganic quasi one‐dimensional (quasi 1D) nanostructures (carbides, nitrides) were spontaneously and efficiently produced via a combustion synthesis. Silicon carbide (β‐SiC) nanofibres ca. 20–100 nm in diameter with the aspect ratio between 102 and 103 were isolated (with a 98% purity) from the products resulting from redox reaction between Si‐bearing compounds (mostly silicides) and perhalogenated hydrocarbons. The products were analysed by using XRD, Raman, and SEM/TEM techniques. The optical limiting performance of the nanofibres was evaluated. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Self‐assembly of carbon nanotube field‐effect transistors by ac‐dielectrophoresis
Authors: Taeger Sebastian , Sickert Daniel , Atanasov Petar , Eckstein Gerald , Mertig Michael 
Published: September 2006

AbstractWe report an entirely self‐assembly based method for the bottom‐up fabrication of carbon nanotube (CNT) field effect transistors (FETs). First, the single‐walled CNTs are dispersed in water by means of single‐stranded DNA. Thereafter, CNT connects are grown between adjacent metal electrodes by ac‐dielectrophoresis. Finally, to obtain high‐performance FETs, the metallic CNTs are eliminated by burning them through applying an intensive current while the semiconducting ones are switched off. In this way, we were able to produce multi‐tube CNT‐FETs with on/off ratios larger than 1000. Here we describe the preparation of the devices along with their microscopic and electrical characterization. Possible applications of the fabricated CNT‐FETs are gas‐ or biosensors. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The Kataura plot over broad energy and diameter ranges
Authors: Jorio Ado , Araujo Paulo T. , Doorn Stephen K. , Maruyama Shigeo , Chacham Helio , Pimenta Marcos A. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe theoretical plot presenting the optical transition energies for carbon nanotubes as a function of tube diameter was proposed in 1999 and became the most used guide for researchers in the field. This work presents this plot obtained experimentally in a broad range of excitation laser energies (1.26–2.7 eV) and nanotube diameters (0.7–2.3 nm). The results include the poorly studied E S33 and E S44 optical transitions, and indicate the higher levels are not excitonic, but related to free electron–holes making band‐to‐band transitions. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
An automatic email distribution by using text mining and reinforcement learning
Authors: Ueda Yoshihiro , Narita Hitoshi , Kato Naotaka , Hayashi Katsuaki , Nambo Hidetaka , Kimura Haruhiko 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe authors created a system to automatically distribute inquiry email from electronic mail systems or the Web to the appropriate supervisor. The proposed method gathers document data created by the supervisors, calculates the tf·idf value and the idf/conf value for the words that appear in the documents, and then creates two types of dictionaries for each supervisor. Moreover, the method features the use of Profit Sharing instead of conventional inductive learning for two weights of terms. Profit Sharing is one method of reinforcement learning. The system compares the inquiry email and the dictionaries, then calculates a score for each supervisor based on the word weights and match rates, and identifies a supervisor with a high score as the respondent. The authors performed evaluation experiments using real inquiry emails in order to evaluate the effectiveness of their method, and found the following. (1) Based on the distribution accuracy of specialists who distribute inquiry email, the accuracy necessary for practical use was obtained. (2) In distribution using only the tf·idf value and the idf/conf value, distribution accuracy sufficient for practical purposes was not obtained. (3) A practical level of distribution accuracy, roughly equivalent to that of the distribution specialists, was obtained through reinforcement learning of the word weights in (2). Finally, the authors evaluated the number of document files and noise necessary to obtain the practical level of accuracy in (3) and compared the accuracy in their method with that of a conventional text categorization method. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 37(12): 82–95, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/scj.20387
Improvement of tumor detection performance in mammograms by feature selection from a large number of features and proposal of fast feature selection method
Authors: Nemoto Mitsutaka , Shimizu Akinobu , Hagihara Yoshihiro , Kobatake Hidefumi , Nawano Shigeru 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to improve the detection accuracy for malignant tumor shadows on mammograms. More than 490 feature parameters are prepared, more than 10 times the number in previous studies, and the suboptimal feature set which is effective in the detection is selected from among them by the forward stepwise selection procedure. The results are presented in this paper. An experiment using 1698 actual mammograms shows that the number of false‐positive malignant tumor shadows is reduced by approximately 40% (from 1.98/image to 1.12/image) compared to the previous. The computational amount of the stepwise selection procedure is theoretically evaluated. It is described that if a larger number of sample images or a larger number of feature parameters than those used in this study are included, the computational amount becomes tremendous, making the process practically impossible. A new fast processing method is proposed, in which the features within the subset are selected in two stages. The new selection procedure is applied to the same data and a feature selection experiment is performed. It is found that the detection accuracy is almost the same and the speed of selection is improved. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 37(12): 56–68, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/scj.20498
Recognition of positive/negative attitude and its application to a spoken dialogue system
Authors: Fujie Shinya , Ejiri Yasushi , Kikuchi Hideaki , Kobayashi Tetsunori 
Published: September 2006

AbstractDialogue between human subjects by voice is based on linguistic information contained in the utterance. In addition, the psychological state of the utterer and information complementing the dialogue are represented by prosody, facial expression, and head movement, making the dialogue proceed smoothly. Such information, which co‐occurs with the utterance and supports the smooth transmission of linguistic information, is called paralinguistic information. This paper considers the attitude of the utterer as represented by prosody and head gestures as paralinguistic information. Methods of recognizing such respective information are proposed, and a dialogue robot is realized on the basis of the proposed method. In the recognition of the utterance attitude by prosody, the positive or negative attitude of the utterance is recognized on the basis ofF0pattern and the phoneme duration. In the recognition of head gestures, a nod is defined as representing a positive attitude and a tilt or shake of the head as representing a negative attitude. These three motions are recognized with the optical flow as the feature parameters, using HMM as a stochastic model. It is shown experimentally that the proposed method achieves the same recognition ability as humans. It is also shown that a dialogue robot incorporating the proposed method achieves a rhythmic, efficient dialogue, which has not been the case in the past. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 37(12): 45–55, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/scj.20508
An algorithm for disjoint paths in bubble‐sort graphs
Authors: Suzuki Yasuto , Kaneko Keiichi 
Published: September 2006

AbstractAnn‐dimensional bubble‐sort graph is regular and symmetric. It hasn! nodes and (n−1)n!/2 edges while its connectivity and diameter aren−1 andn(n−1)/2, respectively. Bubble‐sort graphs are attracting attention because of their simple, symmetric, and recursive structure. In this paper, for ann‐bubble‐sort graph, we give anO(n5)‐time algorithm that solves the node‐to‐set disjoint paths problem: Given a source nodesand a set D = d1, d2, …, dk(s ∉ D) ofkdestination nodes in ak‐connected graphG, findkpaths fromstodi(1≤i≤k) that are node‐disjoint except fors. Once thesekpaths are obtained, they achieve fault tolerance; that is, at least one path can survive withk−1 faulty components. We also show that the total length ofn−1 paths given by the algorithm isO(n3). Computer experiment results show that the average time complexity of the algorithm and the average total length of the paths given by the algorithm areO(n4.7) andO(n3.0), respectively. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 37(12): 27–32, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/scj.20518
A structured representation of researcher interests for filtering of research journals and proceedings papers
Authors: Yamamoto Masao , Yajima Hiroshi , Kinukawa Hiroshi 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThere is increasing demand for a filtering system for scientific papers that can be utilized by researchers in business organizations. In conventional paper filtering systems, relevant papers are selected without sufficiently representing the researcher's interest structure, and thus the accuracy of filtering is not satisfactory. The purpose of this paper is to solve this problem and to propose a method of providing a structured representation of the researcher's interests by clustering papers of interest to the researcher. The similarity of newly appearing papers to the structured representation is calculated and the result of filtering is presented with rankings, resulting in both accuracy and convenience of use. With three researchers as the participants, an experimental evaluation of the filtering was performed by an N‐fold cross‐validation test, using 2 years of papers from proceedings journals in information science. An accuracy of 44% to 69% was achieved, 9.6% to 17.9% higher than the results of a filtering system without clustering used as the baseline. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 37(12): 1–16, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/scj.20664
Measuring the Intrapersonal Component of Psychological Empowerment: Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the Sociopolitical Control Scale
Authors: Peterson N. Andrew , Lowe John B. , Hughey Joseph , Reid Robert J. , Zimmerman Marc A. , Speer Paul W. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe Sociopolitical Control Scale (SPCS) is a widely used measure of the intrapersonal component of psychological empowerment. Confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) were conducted with data from two samples to test the hypothesized structure of the SPCS, the potential effects of method bias on the measure's psychometric properties, and whether a revised version of the scale (SPCS‐R) yielded improved model fit. Sample 1 included 316 randomly selected community residents of the Midwestern United States. Sample 2 included 750 community residents of the Northeastern U.S. Results indicated that method bias from the use of negatively worded items had a significant effect on the factor structure of the SPCS. CFA of the SPCS‐R, in which negatively worded items were rephrased so that all statements were positively worded, supported the measure's hypothesized two‐factor structure (i.e., leadership competence and policy control). Subscales of the SPCS‐R were found reliable and related in expected ways with measures of community involvement. Implications of the study for empowerment‐based research and practice are described, and strategies to further develop the SPCS are discussed.
Large neutral amino acids in the treatment of phenylketonuria (PKU)
Authors: Matalon R. , Michals‐Matalon K. , Bhatia G. , Grechanina E. , Novikov P. , McDonald J. D. , Grady J. , Tyring S. K. , Guttler F. 
Published: September 2006

SummaryLarge neutral amino acids (LNAAs) have been used on a limited number of patients with phenylketonuria (PKU) with the purpose of decreasing the influx of phenylalanine (Phe) to the brain. In earlier studies on mice with PKU (ENU2/ENU2), LNAAs were given and a surprising decline in blood Phe concentrations was observed. The formula used in the mouse experiment (PreKUnil) lacked lysine. Therefore, a new formulation of LNAAs (NeoPhe) was developed, introducing changes in the concentration of some amino acids and adding lysine, so that such a mixture could be used in humans. The new formula was found to be effective in reducing blood Phe concentration in mice by about 50% of the elevated levels. Patients with PKU were given LNAAs and blood Phe concentrations were determined in an open‐label study. Three centres—in Russia, the Ukraine and the USA—took part in the study. NeoPhe was given at 0.5 g/kg per day in three divided doses to eight subjects with PKU and at 1.0 g/kg per day to three patients, for one week. The NeoPhe resulted in decrease of elevated blood Phe by 50% in both groups. The preliminary data from this study are encouraging and a double blind placebo‐controlled trial will be required to show long‐term efficacy and tolerance of LNAAs in the treatment of PKU.
Seed germination and seedling growth in the arrow bamboo Fargesia qinlingensis
Authors: Wang Wei , Franklin Scott B. , Cirtain Margaret C. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractImproving natural regeneration of bamboos after they die following mass flowering is critical for conservation of giant pandas. However, little is known about factors that affect seed germination and seedling growth of bamboos. We studied seed germination and seedling growth in Fargesia qinlingensis, which mass flowered in a giant panda habitat in the Qinling Mountains of China in early 2000, in laboratory and greenhouse conditions. Seed germination rate was tested under light and dark conditions 5 and 12 months after seed collection. Germination rate displayed no significant difference under light or dark conditions 5 months after seed collection, but was significantly greater in the dark than under light 12 months after seed collection, suggesting light inhibition of seed germination. A 2×2 factorial design was conducted to test the effects of nitrogen (N fertilization and non‐N fertilization) and light [full sun and shade (i.e., 14% full sun)] on seedling growth and biomass allocation. N fertilization significantly increased seedling growth, resulting in greater seedling height, more branches, more leaves, greater stem biomass, and greater leaf biomass. Seedlings under 14% full sun conditions had a significantly lower percentage of biomass allocated to the stem. The root/shoot ratio was significantly greater in non‐N/shade than non‐N/full sun, while there was no significant difference in this ratio between N/shade and N/full sun, suggesting that nitrogen fertilization compensated for the effect of shade on biomass allocation. Our results suggest that N fertilization could be employed in restoration of F. qinlingensis stands after die‐off following mass flowering.
Flowering phenology and survival of two annual plants Impatiens noli‐tangere and Persicaria thunbergii co‐occurring in streamside environments
Authors: Suzuki Mayuko , Kaya Yuhdai , Ishida Takahide A. , Hattori Kouhei , Miki Kaori , Nakamura Takashi , Kimura Masahito T. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractFlowering phenology of cleistogamous annual plants Impatiens noli‐tangere and Persicaria thunbergii was studied with reference to their mortality in streamside environments in northern Japan. I. noli‐tangere produced flower‐buds and flowers from late June to October, whereas P. thunbergii did so from mid‐August to October. Both species were often killed by rapid current and submergence after heavy rainfall, which was unpredictable in the timing and intensity. P. thunbergii was more tolerant to rapid current and submergence than I. noli‐tangere. Some individuals of I. noli‐tangere were killed by herbivory from sawfly larvae in summer, but P. thunbergii individuals were seldom killed by herbivory. In consequence, the percentage of individuals that survived until the end of September was higher in P. thunbergii than in I. noli‐tangere. These situations are assumed to select a long reproductive life in I. noli‐tangere and autumn flowering in P. thunbergii.
Revenu minimum garanti : comparaison internationale, analyses et
débats
Authors: Claveau François 
Published: September 2006

Revenu minimum garanti : comparaison internationale, analyses et
débats, Lionel-Henri Groulx, Sainte-Foy : Presses de
l'Université du Québec, 2005, 360 p.La lutte contre la pauvreté et l'exclusion sociale est un
enjeu qui hante constamment les débats politiques des pays
occidentaux. L'ensemble des acteurs publics déplorent que,
dans nos sociétés d'opulence, certains n'aient ni
le minimum pour vivre ni la capacité d'exercer leurs droits
sociaux. Dans son livre, Louis-Henri Groulx examine l'une des
stratégies de lutte contre la pauvreté : le revenu minimum
garanti. Celui-ci peut se définir comme “ un dispositif
assurant un montant minimal de ressources à ceux et celles qui
n'ont pas de revenus suffisants pour répondre à leurs
besoins et à ceux de leur famille ” (1). Cet objet
d'étude se limite au transfert en espèces ou en biens
à des populations défavorisées. En tant que
mécanisme d'assistance, le revenu minimum garanti doit aussi
être distingué des mécanismes d'assurance qui
sont fondés sur un système de cotisations des membres de la
collectivité qui sont conséquemment protégés
de certains aléas de la vie (l'exemple type étant
l'assurance-emploi). Contrairement à l'assurance,
l'admissibilité à l'assistance ne requiert pas une
contribution préalable du bénéficiaire
(l'assistance sociale au Canada est une forme achevée de ce
type d'allocation). Il va sans dire que les frontières sont
poreuses entre, d'un côté, assistance et assurance et,
de l'autre, transferts de ressources et autres outils de lutte contre
la pauvreté (comme le suivi par des travailleurs sociaux, par
exemple). Il s'agit de distinctions analytiques qui permettent
simplement d'articuler notre discours sur le vaste sujet des outils
de lutte contre la pauvreté.