bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The life state of smooth vetch regulates the seasonal dynamics of microbial nutrient limitations in citrus orchards
Authors: Zhang Jiajia , Xiao Wenfa , Zeng Lixiong , Cheng Ruimei , Yang Xin , Zhang Meng , Lei Lei 
Published: March 2024

AbstractCover crops improve soil fertility in orchard ecosystems, however, the response of soil microbial metabolism to fruit tree interactions with cover legumes at different stages of the life cycle remains uncertain, thereby limiting our understanding of the mechanisms that regulate nutrient cycling in orchards with cover crop management. Here, the characteristics of microbial energy (carbon, C) and nutrient (nitrogen, N or phosphorus, P) metabolism in the citrus rhizosphere and bulk soil in orchards were analyzed with two managements, that is, smooth vetch (Vicia villosa Roth var. glabresens Koch) cover and clean tillage, using an extracellular enzymatic stoichiometry model. Microbial C limitation was significantly reduced by cover during the vetch growing season owing to the resulting higher plant root C and soil organic C content. Competition for N between plants and microbes in the bulk soil might lead to significant microbial N limitation in covered orchards during the vetch‐decomposition season, presumably owing to a significant increase in citrus root N and a concomitant decrease in bulk soil total N. Partial least squares path modeling showed that citrus root nutrient contents negatively affected microbial C limitation, while soil nutrients negatively affected microbial relative nutrient limitation in covered orchards. Conversely, both effects were reversed by tillage. Smooth vetch cover mitigated microbial C limitation, and the microbial relative N/P limitation was also influenced by the life state of smooth vetch. Our study highlights the importance of changes in microbial metabolism driven by seasonal nutrient dynamics for understanding soil nutrient cycling and optimizing cover‐legumes management in orchards.
Employing deep learning in non‐parametric inverse visualization of elastic–plastic mechanisms in dual‐phase steels
Authors: Han Siyu , Wang Chenchong , Zhang Yu , Xu Wei , Di Hongshuang 
Published: March 2024

AbstractEnhancing the interpretability of machine learning methods for predicting material properties is a key, yet complex topic in materials science. This study proposes an interpretable convolutional neural network (CNN) to establish the relationship between the microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of non‐uniform and nonlinear multisystem dual‐phase steel materials and achieve an inverse analysis of the elastic‐plastic mechanism. This study demonstrates that the developed CNN model achieves an accuracy of 94% in predicting the stress‐strain curves of dual‐phase steel microstructures with different compositions and processes, with the mean absolute error not exceeding 50 MPa, representing merely 5.26% of the average tensile strength of dual‐phase steels in the dataset. The reverse visualization results of the CNN model indicate that, during tensile deformation, the grain boundaries maintain deformation coordination within the grains by impeding dislocation slip. This results in a significant stress concentration at the grain boundaries, with stresses at the boundaries being higher than those borne by the martensitic phase and minimal stresses in the ferrite phase. Moreover, compared with traditional crystal plasticity models, the CNN model exhibits a substantial improvement in computational efficiency. This method provides a generic plan for improving the interpretability of machine learning methods for predicting material properties and can be easily applied to other alloy systems.
Electrobiocorrosion by microbes without outer‐surface cytochromes
Authors: Holmes Dawn E. , Woodard Trevor L. , Smith Jessica A. , Musat Florin , Lovley Derek R. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAnaerobic microbial corrosion of iron‐containing metals causes extensive economic damage. Some microbes are capable of direct metal‐to‐microbe electron transfer (electrobiocorrosion), but the prevalence of electrobiocorrosion among diverse methanogens and acetogens is poorly understood because of a lack of tools for their genetic manipulation. Previous studies have suggested that respiration with 316L  stainless steel as the electron donor is indicative of electrobiocorrosion, because, unlike pure Fe0, 316L  stainless steel does not abiotically generate H2 as an intermediary electron carrier. Here, we report that all of the methanogens (Methanosarcina vacuolata, Methanothrix soehngenii, and Methanobacterium strain IM1) and acetogens (Sporomusa ovata and Clostridium ljungdahlii) evaluated respired with pure Fe0 as the electron donor, but only M. vacuolata, Mx. soehngenii, and S. ovata were capable of stainless steel electrobiocorrosion. The electrobiocorrosive methanogens required acetate as an additional energy source in order to produce methane from stainless steel. Cocultures of S. ovata and Mx. soehngenii demonstrated how acetogens can provide acetate to methanogens during corrosion. Not only was Methanobacterium strain IM1 not capable of electrobiocorrosion, but it also did not accept electrons from Geobacter metallireducens, an effective electron‐donating partner for direct interspecies electron transfer to all methanogens that can directly accept electrons from Fe0. The finding that M. vacuolata, Mx. soehngenii, and S. ovata are capable of electrobiocorrosion, despite a lack of the outer‐surface c‐type cytochromes previously found to be important in other electrobiocorrosive microbes, demonstrates that there are multiple microbial strategies for making electrical contact with Fe0.
Ethanol‐Induced Hepatic Ferroptosis Is Mediated by PERK‐Dependent MAMs Formation: Preventive Role of Quercetin
Authors: Lin Hongkun , Guo Xiaoping , Liu Jingjing , Tang Yuhan , Chen Li , Chen Huimin , Zhao Ying , Wang Lili , Li Hongxia , Yu Jiasheng , Yao Ping 
Published: March 2024

ScopeIron deposition is frequently observed in alcoholic liver disease (ALD), which indicates a potential role of ferroptosis in its development. This study aims to explore the effects of quercetin on ferroptosis in ALD and elucidates the underlying mechanism involving the formation of mitochondria‐associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes (MAMs) mediated by protein kinase RNA‐like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK).Methods and resultsC57BL/6J mice are fed either a regular or an ethanol‐containing liquid diet (with 28% energy form ethanol) with or without quercetin supplementation (100 mg kg−1 BW) for 12 weeks. Ethanol feeding or treatment induced ferroptosis in mice and AML12 cells, which is associated with increased MAMs formation and PERK expression within MAMs. Quercetin attenuates these changes and protects against ethanol‐induced liver injury. The antiferroptotic effect of quercetin is abolished by ferroptosis inducers, but mimicked by ferroptosis inhibitors and PERK knockdown. The study demonstrates that PERK structure, rather than its kinase activity (transfected with the K618A site mutation that inhibits kinase activity‐ΔK plasmid or protein C terminal knockout‐ΔC plasmid of PERK), mediates the enhanced MAMs formation and ferroptosis during the ethanol exposure.ConclusionQuercetin ameliorates ethanol‐induced liver injury by inhibiting ferroptosis via modulating PERK‐dependent MAMs formation.
Reproducibility of arterial spin labeling cerebral blood flow image processing: A report of the ISMRM open science initiative for perfusion imaging (OSIPI) and the ASL MRI challenge
Authors: Paschoal Andre M. , Woods Joseph G. , Pinto Joana , Bron Esther E. , Petr Jan , Kennedy McConnell Flora A. , Bell Laura , Dounavi Maria‐Eleni , van Praag Cassandra Gould , Mutsaerts Henk J. M. M. , Taylor Aaron Oliver , Zhao Moss Y. , Brumer Irène , Chan Wei Siang Marcus , Toner Jack , Hu Jian , Zhang Logan X. , Domingos Catarina , Monteiro Sara P. , Figueiredo Patrícia , Harms Alexander G. J. , Padrela Beatriz E. , Tham Channelle , Abdalle Ahmed , Croal Paula L. , Anazodo Udunna 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPurposeArterial spin labeling (ASL) is a widely used contrast‐free MRI method for assessing cerebral blood flow (CBF). Despite the generally adopted ASL acquisition guidelines, there is still wide variability in ASL analysis. We explored this variability through the ISMRM‐OSIPI ASL‐MRI Challenge, aiming to establish best practices for more reproducible ASL analysis.MethodsEight teams analyzed the challenge data, which included a high‐resolution T1‐weighted anatomical image and 10 pseudo‐continuous ASL datasets simulated using a digital reference object to generate ground‐truth CBF values in normal and pathological states. We compared the accuracy of CBF quantification from each team's analysis to the ground truth across all voxels and within predefined brain regions. Reproducibility of CBF across analysis pipelines was assessed using the intra‐class correlation coefficient (ICC), limits of agreement (LOA), and replicability of generating similar CBF estimates from different processing approaches.ResultsAbsolute errors in CBF estimates compared to ground‐truth synthetic data ranged from 18.36 to 48.12 mL/100 g/min. Realistic motion incorporated into three datasets produced the largest absolute error and variability between teams, with the least agreement (ICC and LOA) with ground‐truth results. Fifty percent of the submissions were replicated, and one produced three times larger CBF errors (46.59 mL/100 g/min) compared to submitted results.ConclusionsVariability in CBF measurements, influenced by differences in image processing, especially to compensate for motion, highlights the significance of standardizing ASL analysis workflows. We provide a recommendation for ASL processing based on top‐performing approaches as a step toward ASL standardization.
Evaluation of YouTube As A Source For Graves' Disease Information: Is High‐Quality Guideline‐Based Information Available?
Authors: Ayo‐Ajibola Oluwatobiloba , Davis Ryan J. , Therriault Claire , Lamb Christopher , Choe Deborah , Lin Matthew E. , Angell Trevor E. , Kwon Daniel I. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo understand the quality of informational Graves' disease (GD) videos on YouTube for treatment decision‐making quality and inclusion of American Thyroid Association (ATA) treatment guidelines.Study DesignCross‐sectional cohort.SettingInformational YouTube videos with subject matter “Graves' Disease treatment.”MethodThe top 50 videos based on our query were assessed using the DISCERN instrument. This validated algorithm discretely rates treatment‐related information from excellent (≥4.5) to very poor (<1.9). Videos were also screened for ATA guideline inclusion. Descriptive statistics were used for cohort characterization. Univariate and multivariate linear regressions characterized factors associated with DISCERN scores. Significance was set at P < .05.ResultsThe videos featured 57,513.43 views (SD = 162,579.25), 1054.70 likes (SD = 2329.77), and 168.80 comments (SD = 292.97). Most were patient education (52%) or patient experience (24%). A minority (40%) were made by thyroid specialists (endocrinologists, endocrine surgeons, or otolaryngologists). Under half did not mention all 3 treatment modalities (44%), and 54% did not mention any ATA recommendations. Overall, videos displayed poor reliability (mean = 2.26, SD = 0.67), treatment information quality (mean = 2.29, SD = 0.75), and overall video quality (mean = 2.47, SD = 1.07). Physician videos were associated with lower likes, views, and comments (P < .001) but higher DISCERN reliability (P = .015) and overall score (P = .019). Longer videos (P = .015), patient accounts (P = .013), and patient experience (P = .002) were associated with lower scores.ConclusionThe most available GD treatment content on YouTube varies significantly in the quality of medical information. This may contribute to suboptimal disease understanding, especially for patients highly engaged with online health information sources.
Experimental and numerical analysis of drilled‐ and molded‐hole glass fiber reinforced polymer matrix (GFRP) composites
Authors: Cengiz Abdulkadir , Öztürk Muhammed Fatih , Sabah Ahmet , Avcu Egemen 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDrilling glass fiber reinforced polymer matrix (GFRP) composites typically causes burrs, splintering, and microcracks within the GFRP structure, as well as delamination, fiber pull‐out, and thermal degradation of the polymer matrix. Designing and manufacturing molded‐hole GFRP components, as opposed to drilling, has recently been proposed as a promising method for overcoming the issues associated with drilling, for which there is limited research. Specifically, the mechanical response of molded‐hole GFRP has not been fully addressed in the literature. In the present study, molded and drilled GFRP composites with epoxy matrix were fabricated by hand lay‐up, and then the samples were analyzed utilizing experimental and numerical analysis techniques. Stress and strain analyses of GFRP samples were performed in Ansys Transient Structural Analysis. Although the fiber orientations of the layer geometries [0°/90°] and 3D models were the same, an additional layer was defined in the direction of the fiber orientation [45°/−45°] of molded‐hole composites to simulate the fiber accumulation effect. Experimental findings revealed that the flexural strength of molded composites was 12% greater than that of drilled composites. According to the numerical analysis, 98.7% proximity was achieved between the experimental and numerical results. Thus, the present study has provided numerical modeling to understand the flexural strength of molded composites for the first time, which will contribute to the increased use of molded composites in numerous applications in the fields of aerospace, automotive, and marine.Highlights
Drilled‐ and molded‐hole GFRP composites were produced by hand lay‐up.
Flexural properties of the composites were examined via 4P bending tests.
Flexural strength of molded composites was higher than that of drilled ones.
98.7% proximity was achieved between the experimental and FEM results.
A unified FEM method is proposed for the molded‐hole composites.
Preparation of high‐performance bismuthene thermoelectric composites doped with graphene using UV‐curing 3D printing technology
Authors: Meng Qingshi , Yang Yuchen , Han Sensen , Meng Fanze , Liu Tianqing 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThermoelectric materials are of tremendous interest due to their capacity to convert waste heat into useful electrical energy. Bismuthene nanosheets (BiNS) have recently emerged as a promising material for thermoelectric applications because of their unique two‐dimensional structure and low thermal conductivity. However, the development of efficient and scalable methods for preparing BiNS‐based thermoelectric composites with improved performance remains a challenge. In this study, we reported a novel approach to preparing a thin film BiNS‐based thermoelectric composite with UV‐curing 3D printing technology. The composite was prepared using BiNS as the filler and a UV‐sensitive resin as the matrix, which contained 5 vol% graphene as the third phase to enhance the thermoelectric performance of the composite. The results showed that the prepared composite exhibited stable thermoelectric performance, with a maximum power factor of 311.79 ± 13.90 μW/mK2 when the volume fraction of BiNS reached 95 vol%. The electrical conductivity of the composite improved significantly as the volume fraction of BiNS increased from 75 to 95 vol%. The Seebeck coefficient remained essentially unchanged in the range of 70.1–70.7 μV/K. These findings demonstrate the potential of BiNS‐based thermoelectric composites prepared by UV‐curing 3D printing technology for practical applications in energy harvesting and cooling devices.Highlights
A simple, efficient and scalable method for BiNS thermoelectric composites.
UV‐curing 3D printing technology was used for fabrication.
The BiNS composite exhibited stable thermoelectric performance.
The electrical conductivity of the composite improved significantly.
This BiNS composite showed great potential in thermoelectric application.
Determination of abundance and symbiotic effectiveness of native rhizobia nodulating soybean and other legumes in Rwanda
Authors: Nzeyimana Felix , Onwonga Richard N. , Ayuke Fredrick O. , Chemining'wa George N. , Nabahungu Nsharwasi L. , Bigirimana Joseph , Noella Josiane Umuhoza K. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractRhizobia diversity in the rhizosphere is one of the key promoters of biological nitrogen fixation between host legumes and microsymbionts, although related complex interaction may depend on various factors. This research was intended to assess the abundance of indigenous rhizobia isolates under various soil conditions, as well as their effectiveness to nodulate legumes such as soybeans. Factors such as soil properties and legume species influence the volume and symbiotic effectiveness of native rhizobia to nodulate crop legumes. To investigate the abundance of rhizobia isolates, legume crops were uprooted to obtain nodules for most probable number (MPN) determination of rhizobia isolates, and soybean (Glycine max.) was used to verify the presence of suitable and efficient rhizobia strains for nitrogen fixation. Soil samples were obtained from the holes out of which nodules were collected, and the laboratory analysis included pH, Mg, K, available P, organic C, Ca, and N to establish the correlation between the soil status and number of rhizobia isolates' cells. Significant variations (p‐value <.05) were observed in the cell counts of Rhizobia isolates from Glycine max, Phaseolus vulgaris, Pisum sativum, and Vigna unguiculata, particularly when compared to Arachis hypogaea isolates under acidic conditions. Notably, Pisum sativum and Vigna unguiculata showed consistent performance across all pH conditions. The number of rhizobia isolates was found to be significantly linked to total N and P deficiencies (p < .05). It was also established that total N was dependent on the number of rhizobia cells and that there is a strong correlation between organic carbon and N content. This study highlights the crucial role of understanding and optimizing conditions for rhizobia nodulation in diverse soil environments, emphasizing its potential impact on enhancing biological nitrogen fixation in legumes.
Assessing the risk of lumbar degenerative disc disease associated with swimming: A systematic review
Authors: Hsu Connie , Genovese Timothy , McInnis Kelly C. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of the current study is to synthesize the outcomes of investigations reporting the odds of lumbar degenerative disc disease (DDD) in competitive swimmers compared to controls.Literature SurveyPubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases were searched according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines from inception until March 2023 to identify relevant studies evaluating the risk for lumbar DDD associated with swimming.MethodsData in the current literature were synthesized for positive imaging findings of DDD at one or more lumbar level in swimmers compared to nonswimmers. Additionally, data regarding prevalence of lumbar disc degeneration and back pain in competitive swimmers were synthesized.SynthesisFour studies were included in the final analysis. Study quality and risk of bias were deemed adequate. There was significant heterogeneity among studies (I2 = 0.74) regarding data collected, population of swimmers, sample size, and methods. Therefore, a meta‐analysis was not conducted. Three of the four studies included in this review reported that swimmers have increased odds of developing lumbar DDD. Additionally, secondary outcome analysis indicated that swimmers have a higher probability of developing moderate‐to‐severe back pain.ConclusionCompetitive swimming appears to be associated with the presence of DDD on advanced imaging and moderate‐to‐severe back pain. These findings are limited by significant differences in study methodology in the included studies. Although swimming is conventionally considered a low‐impact sport, elite swimmers risk developing lower back pain and disc pathology, possibly because training involves unique biomechanics with repetitive rotational and hyperextension/flexion of the spine. Further research investigating risk factors involving biomechanics of swimming on the spine may have important implications for stroke technique, injury prevention, and rehabilitation for swimmers.
Connectedness to the young adult cancer community and post‐traumatic growth: A young adults with cancer in their prime study
Authors: Mah Ashley , D’Agostino Norma , Santiago Anna T. , Garland Sheila N. , Petrella Anika , Sabiston Catherine M. , Chalifour Karine , Eaton Geoff , Bender Jacqueline L. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectiveFor young adults (YAs) with cancer, connecting with peer cancer survivors can provide a unique sense of community and may enhance post‐traumatic growth (PTG). This study examined the relationship between connectedness to the YA cancer community and PTG among YAs, independent of overall social support.MethodsData were obtained from the young adults with cancer in their prime study, a cross‐Canada survey of YA cancer survivors. Participants were stratified by level of social support into two groups (low/high). Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine the association between PTG and connectedness to the YA community adjusting for respondent characteristics, and the interaction between support and connectedness.ResultsOf 444 respondents, mean age was 34.2 (SD = 6.0), time‐since‐diagnosis was 4.8 years (SD = 5.4), and 87% were female. Over two‐thirds of respondents (71%) reported feeling connected to the YA community. Level of connectedness to the YA community did not differ by social support group, and interaction between social support and connectedness to the YA community was not significant. In the adjusted regression, connectedness to the YA community (aOR = 2.29, 95% CI: 1.10–4.91), high social support (aOR = 2.98, 95% CI: 1.36–6.74), greater time‐since‐diagnosis (aOR = 1.09, 95% CI: 1.04–1.15) and female sex (aOR = 2.21, 95% CI: 1.23–4.04) were associated with greater odds of moderate‐to‐high PTG.ConclusionsFeeling connected to a community of YA cancer peers was associated with moderate‐to‐high PTG among YAs, independent of overall perceived social support. Future efforts should increase access to YA cancer communities and foster a sense of connectedness among YAs with cancer.