bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The relationship of natural killer cells to metastasis of a transplantable prostate adenocarcinoma
Authors: Wade Anedrea C. , Schmidt Marjorie A. , Pollard Morris 
Published: February 2007

AbstractNatural killer (NK) cells have been proposed to play a significant role in the inhibition of metastasis. The prostate adenocarcinoma (PA‐11) in the Lobund‐Wistar (L‐W) rat provides a unique model of spontaneous metastasis in which to study NK response. Cultured PA‐11 tumor cells were shown to be resistant to NK lysis in vitro, and enhancement or inhibition of NK reactivity in vivo using drugs or antiserum did not change the rate or extent of metastasis evident at autopsy. Exposure to PA‐11 tumor cells, supernatants from cultured tumor cells, or sera from rats with advanced PA‐11 in vitro did not result in inhibition of NK activity. Exposure to PA‐11 tumor cells in vivo also did not cause suppression of NK activity. These data indicate that, in the PA‐11/L‐W system, metastasis is independent of NK activity.
Cytochemistry and biochemistry of acid phosphatases V: Electrophoretic studies on the heterogeneity of acid phosphatases from human prostate, seminal fluid, and leukocytes
Authors: Seitz J. , Aumüller G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractComparison of zymograms of acid phosphatases (orthophosphoric monoester phosphohydrolase, acid optimum, E.C.3.1.3.2) from human prostate, leukocytes, seminal vesicles, and seminal fluid, separated by analytical isoelectric focusing (IEF), resulted in the identification of three individual groups, particularly of the prostate. These groups contain three molecular forms at different molecular weights and activities in varying quantities and combinations. The molecular weights, estimated by SDS gel electrophoresis, were 1) 86,000, 2) 76,000, and 3) 46,000/50,000 (in a doublet) daltons. None of these isoenzymes were restricted to the prostate, but they were present in very high concentrations in the prostate. Compared to the prostate, the seminal vesicles and isolated leukocytes had very closely related zymograms of acid phosphatases. No specific inhibitor has been found that would selectively inhibit one particular isoenzyme without affecting the others. Protein titration and staining activity of IEF gels at different pH values showed that the isoenzymes from all three groups have high hydrolytic activity of orthophosphoric monoesters beyond the acidic pH range of pH 4–5. Incubation of acidic isoforms of acid phosphatases with neuraminidase did not result in the formation of a homogeneous stem molecule. Further analysis of the secretory moiety using the western blotting method showed a binding of peroxidase‐conjugated concanavalin A (Con A), indicating that these isoenzymes are glycoproteins. Moreover, isoenzymes extracted from prostate, seminal fluid, and human leukocytes are immunologically identical.
Cytochemistry and biochemistry of acid phosphatases VI: Immunoelectron microscopic studies on human prostatic and leukocytic acid phosphatases
Authors: Aumüller G. , Seitz J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractUsing different antisera against secretory and lysosomal prostatic acid phosphatases, the localization of the respective antigens was studied in the human prostate at the ultrastructural level. Secretory acid phosphatase was confined exclusively to the secretory vacuoles of the glandular cells. Discharge of the secretory material occurs in a merocrine type of secretion. The identical antigen could be localized in the primary and secondary granules of neutrophil and eosinophil granulocytes separated from human peripheral blood. The antiserum used was also cross‐reactive with the canine prostate, where a very distinct immunoreaction was observed with the secretory granules of the glandular cells.The antibodies directed against lysosomal acid phosphatases prepared from prostatic homogenates consistently gave a positive immunoreaction with dense bodies, lipofuscin, and secretory granules. The respective antigens were present also in neutrophil and eosinophil granulocytes. These findings do not identify the existence of a prostate‐specific acid phosphatase, which does not exist. The secretory form of the isoenzymes, however, is clearly distinct from the lysosomal form, both of which are present in granulocytes. Therefore the origin of acid phosphatases elevated in peripheral blood in cases of metastatic prostatic cancer could be either the carcinomatous cells or leukocytes destroyed during the process of metastasis.
Regional differences in the inductive activity of the mesenchyme of the embryonic mouse urogenital sinus
Authors: Sugimura Yoshiki , Cunha Gerald R. , Norman Jill T. , Shannon John M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractEmbryonic urogenital sinuses (UGS) of 16‐day‐old mice were divided into two or three zones (cranial half and caudal half; or cranial third, intermediate, and caudal thirds). Following tryptic digestion, these zones were separated into their mesenchymal (UGM) and epithelial (UGE) components. The cranial and caudal zones of the UGM were recombined separately with the different zones of the UGE or with adult mouse urinary bladder epithelium (BLE). Following four weeks of growth in syngeneic male hosts, tissue recombinants of cranial UGM + caudal UGE contained numerous prostatic ducts and urethral glands. Conversely, recombinants composed of caudal UGM + cranial UGE developed into fibromuscular tissue covered with urethral epithelium and did not contain prostate, but occasionally contained urethral glands. Urethral glands were usually present in grafts of cranial UGM + cranial UGE or in grafts of the intact intermediate third of the UGS. In heterotypic recombinants of the UGM + adult BLE, prostatic glands were induced only when cranial UGM was utilized. Urethral glands were not observed in tissue recombinants prepared with adult BLE. These data suggest that regional differences in mesenchymal inductive ability and epithelial responsiveness play a role in the harmonious morphogenesis of the male lower genitourinary tract.
Relationships between estrogen intake, serum testosterone, and tumor androgen, estrogen, and progesterone receptor levels in diethylstilbestrol‐treated rats bearing the R3327 prostatic adenocarcinoma
Authors: Mobbs B. G. , Johnson I. E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe relationships between intake of diethylstilbestrol (DES), serum testosterone, prostate weight, and the tumor steroid receptor content were investigated in male Copenhagen x Fischer F1 hybrid rats bearing the R3327H tumor after treatment for 20 days with graded doses of diethylstilbestrol diphosphate. It was found that the wet weights of the ventral and dorsolateral prostate glands were positively linearly related to the log of the serum testosterone level (P < 0.001). The cellular distribution of androgen receptor (AR) in the tumors of the treated animals was consistent with the androgen deprivation brought about by the treatment, and nuclear AR concentrations were also linearly related to the log of the serum testosterone levels (P < 0.001). Although nuclear estrogen receptor could not be consistently demonstrated in these tumors, cytosol progesterone levels were linearly related to the amount of DES ingested during the treatment period (P < 0.001).
High‐dose danazol therapy in prostatic cancer patients: Endocrine and clinical effects
Authors: Hedlund P. O. , Freedman D. , Esposti P. , Gershagen S. , Carlström K. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe effect of high‐dose—800 mg daily—danazol treatment was studied in ten prostatic cancer patients by repeated hormone analyses, clinical examinations, and cytological evaluations. Danazol caused a prompt decrease in the peripheral serum levels of testosterone, in some cases to castration values, as well as significantly suppressed FSH and LH values. Serum prolactin was not affected by danazol but the level of sex‐hormone‐binding globulin (SHBG) was strongly decreased. Serum danazol values ranged between 552 and 1,411 nM during treatment. Despite markedly decreased testosterone levels, danazol had only limited effect on the course of the prostatic cancer. This is probably explained by the ability of danazol to suppress SHBG levels, thus maintaining a rather high level of non‐protein‐bound, biologically active testosterone, even though total testosterone levels decrease to castration values.
Bifluranol in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
Authors: Beacock C. J. M. , Buck A. C. , Roberts E. E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBifluranol, a fluorinated bibenzyl drug with antiandrogenic properties has been studied for its efficacy in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Thirty five patients with bladder outflow obstruction received either Bifluranol 1.5 mg orally, t.d.s. or placebo in a double‐blind trial. After twelve weeks there was improvement in symptoms of flow, urinary stream (p <0.01) and frequency (p <0.05) in the Bifluranol treated group. A significant reduction in residual urine volume was noted in the active treated group (p <0.05) but mean and peak urine flow rates, voided volume and prostate volume did not reach statistical significance.It is concluded that Bifluranol has a measurably beneficial effect in urinary outflow obstruction due to BPH and further investigative studies with this drug are in progress.
Free testosterone in carcinoma of the prostate
Authors: Levell M. J. , Rowe E. , Glashan R. W. , Pidcock N. B. , Siddall J. K. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSerum concentrations of testosterone (total T), sex hormone‐binding globulin (SHBG), and albumin (A) have been measured, and from these values the free testosterone (free T) has been calculated in the following groups: 50 patients recalled 1‐2 years after prostatectomy for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH); 21 patients with BPH at first presentation; and 80 patients with carcinoma of the prostate (CaP) divided into 47 without clinical or radiological evidence of metastases (Mo) and 33 with metastases (M+). The Mo patients were further subdivided by the size of the prostate. Free T showed no change with age in either of the CaP groups. In both of the BPH groups free T fell with age so that in the patients aged 65 or less it was above the mean CaP level and in patients aged 75 or more it was similar to the CaP level. SHBG rose with age so that total testosterone values were a poor guide to free T. Neither presence of metastases nor prostate size in Mo patients was related to marked differences of free T.
Concentrations of 3β‐hydroxy androgens in epithelium and stroma of benign hyperplastic and normal human prostate
Authors: Bartsch Wilfried , Kozák Ivan , Gorenflos Peter , Becker Hermann , Voigt Klaus‐Dieter 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAndrogen metabolites with 3β‐hydroxy configuration—ie, dehydroepiandrosterone (3β‐hydroxy‐5‐androsten‐17‐one, DHEA), 5‐androstene‐3β‐17β‐diol (A‐Diol), and 5α‐androstane‐3β,17β‐diol (3β‐Diol)‐were measured by radioimmunoassay in the homogenate, in the mechanically separated epithelium and stroma, and in the nuclear fractions of epithelium and stroma of benign hyperplastic (BPH) and normal human prostatic tissue, in muscle homogenates and in plasma.The main results were: 1) Mean prostatic DHEA, A‐Diol and 3β‐Diol were 6–7 times as high as plasma values (1 g = 1 ml). Compared to muscle, prostatic values were more than tenfold higher. 2) The values in homogenates of BPH and normal prostate were not statistically different (pmol/mg DNA, mean ± SEM, BPH: DHEA 46.8 ± 7.2, n = 11; A‐Diol 5.7±1.2, n = 12; 3β‐Diol 3.7 ± 0.6, n = 13; normal prostate: DHEA 56.0 ± 5.5, n = 2; A‐Diol 7.4 ± 2.4, n = 5; 3β‐Diol 5.8 ± 1.7, n = 5). 3) In the nuclear fractions of epithelium and stroma the values were low compared to the homogenates and could not be discriminated from unspecific retention.Although we could not demonstrate either a specific retention of the 3β‐hydroxysteroids in the nuclei or conclusive differences in steroid accumulation between epithelium and stroma of BPH and normal prostate, which could explain the development of the disease, the high levels in the tissue particularly of A‐Diol would be compatible with estrogenic action at the prostate level.
Growth responses of normal, benign hyperplastic, and malignant human prostatic epithelial cells in vitro to cholera toxin, pituitary extract, and hydrocortisone
Authors: Peehl Donna M. , Stamey Thomas A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractNormal, benign hyperplastic (BPH), and malignant prostatic epithelial cells from adult humans can be serially passaged in medium PFMR‐4 supplemented with 20% whole serum, cholera toxin, and epidermal growth factor (EGF). Improved growth of these cells has been achieved by optimizing the concentrations of the components of the basal medium. In the new modified medium, PFMR‐4A, the only supplements required are 5% dialyzed serum, cholera toxin, EGF, pituitary extract, and hydrocortisone. Comparative studies of the growth responses of prostatic cells derived from normal central zone, normal peripheral zone, BPH nodules, and adenocarcinomas did not reveal any qualitative differences; all respond positively to the addition of cholera toxin, pituitary extract, and hydrocortisone to the culture medium. Cells of one cancer strain, however, were much less density‐dependent for growth than were the other strains of normal, BPH, or malignant cells.
Blood loss during and following transurethral resection
Authors: De Campos Freire Geraldo , De Campos Pachelli Laercio , Cordeiro Paulo , Borrelli Milton , De Goes Gilberto Menezes 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBlood loss measurement in transurethral prostatic surgery (TUR) has been studied with the following objectives: (1) to measure the total lost volume (during surgery and 48 hours postoperatively); (2) to compare surgical bleeding and coagulogram alterations in benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) and prostatic carcinoma (CaP); (3) to establish the relationship between blood loss, duration of the procedure, and amount of resected tissue. The method of Jansen was used to measure blood loss, and the “coagulogram” included the following parameters: hematrocrit; prothrombin, recalcification, thrombin, and partial thromboplastin times; fibrinogen; platelets and fibrin split products. The study is based on TUR performed on 75 patients from whom a mean weight of 25.68 grams was resected resulting in a mean total bleeding volume of 305 ml. Blood loss over 400 ml was associated with surgical durations of 60 minutes or with resection of over 40 grams of tissue. There was a slight tendency for fibrinolysis in prostatic cancer, which could explain the relatively higher amount of blood loss observed in these cases.
Bruch's de morbis glandulae prostatae: An early account of prostatic diseases (1835)
Authors: Manci Elizabeth A. , Gardner William A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractEditorial Comment: This is a rather unusual paper dealing with a verbatim translation of the thesis by Maximillian J.F. Bruch on the diseases of the prostate gland first published in 1835 and apparently never translated into English. Since in all probability this is the first comprehensive treatise on prostatic disease, it is a welcome and important translation and presents the background as to how our thinking regarding prostatic disease developed for nearly 150 years. Although the manuscript is somewhat lengthy, we decided to publish it in total, since, if it were to be reduced in size, it would be difficult to decide which parts to remove and could run the risk of ruining the work of the authors.The authors have done an excellent job in translating this thesis from the complex Latin text.Avery A. Sandberg, MDJames P. Karr, PhDThis Latin dissertation on diseases of the prostate gland was written by the German physician Maximillian J.F. Bruch at the Freiderick Wilhelm University. This English translation permits a rare glimpse into the early medical thinking on prostatic diseases.
The induction of new ductal growth in adult prostatic epithelium in response to an embryonic prostatic inductor
Authors: Norman Jill T. , Cunha Gerald R. , Sugimura Yoshiki 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTissue recombinants were prepared with a single epithelial ductal tip from adult prostate and mesenchyme from either the embryonic urogenital sinus or adult urinary bladder. Recombinants were grown in vivo beneath the renal capsule of male hosts. After 4 weeks of in vivo growth, extensive growth of arborizing ducts was apparent in recombinants composed of urogenital sinus mesenchyme and a single adult prostatic ductal tip. One‐dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis indicated that these recombinants contained many of the proteins of the mature prostate. Heterospecific recombinants (rat urogenital sinus mesenchyme and mouse prostatic epitheiium) showed the ductal tissue to be derived solely from the prostatic epithelium. In recombinants of a prostatic ductal tip with mesenchyme from the urinary bladder, ductal growth was absent, the ductal tip was maintained as a single, discrete, epithelial structure, and the protein composition of these recombinants more closely resembled that of the bladder. The results demonstrate that the epithelial cells of the adult prostate can participate in new ductal growth in response to an embryonic prostatic inductor. These data provide experimental evidence to support the hypothesis that human benign prostatic hyperplasia may result from the anomalous reactivation of embryonic growth potential in the adult prostate.
Acid phosphatase in the lysosomal and microsomal fractions of human prostatic epithelium
Authors: De Vries G. P. , Sanders G. T. B. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPolyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of acid phosphatase from prostatic tissue reveals one more band than seminal plasma. It was attempted to ascertain which subcellular fraction was responsible for that intracellularly localized enzyme. Prostatic epithelium from patients with prostatic hyperplasia was homogenized, and a lysosomal and microsomal fraction were prepared by differential centrifugation. These two fractions were further centrifuged on an isopycnic Percoll gradient. The intracellularly localized form of acid phosphatase was associated with the lysosomal as well as with the microsomal fraction. In a fused rocket electrophoresis experiment these acid phosphatases cross‐reacted with antiserum from seminal plasma. After neuraminidase treatment of the acid phosphatase of lysosomal and microsomal origin, only one activity band was found in polyacrylamide gels.It is concluded that only one acid phosphatase protein exists in prostatic epithelium; differences in electrophoretic mobility are caused mainly by different amounts of sialic acid residues, coupled to the same protein backbone.
Proliferation of dunning R‐3327 rat prostatic adenocarcinoma and of its sublines (CUA and CUB)
Authors: Wakisaka Masami , Miyauchi Taisei , Hara Shigeru , Matsuzaki Osamu , Shimazaki Jun 
Published: February 2007

AbstractProliferating cells in tumors of the androgen‐dependent R‐3327 and its partially dependent and autonomous sublines, CUA and CUB, were examined. Two types of cells, myoepithelial cells and large stromal cells, in the R‐3327 have a high proliferating ability, as estimated by thymidine uptake. These cells were also observed in the normal dorsolateral prostate of rats, the lobes from which R‐3327 originated. CUA is a squamous carcinoma, which proliferates at the border of the epithelial layer and large stromal cells. The tumor cells of CUB appear as clusters of large stromal cells which have a strong potential for dividing. Therefore, R‐3327 contains two types of dividing cells, and their uncoordinated proliferation may be responsible for causing the different features seen in the sublines.
Effects of 1.5% glycine infusion on the nonelectrolyte components of serum in dogs
Authors: O'Donnell Patm , McHan Stacie A. , Fody Edward P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPlasma dilution resulting from absorption of a 1.5% glycine solution is difficult to evaluate on the basis of changes in serum sodium alone. In a canine animal model the effects of infusion of a 1.5% glycine solution and a 0.9% saline solution on the nonelectrolyte components of serum were compared with a noninfused control group. The outcome measurements included total serum protein, serum albumin, serum cholesterol, serum globulin, plasma fibrinogen, and serum osmolality. The infusion of each solution resulted in a significantly lower concentration in plasma proteins and cholesterol compared with the control group. The lowest concentration of plasma proteins and cholesterol occurred in the saline infusion group. The dilution produced by saline infusion was consistent with a distribution of the infused fluid in the extracellular compartment. The dilutional effect was less in the glycine solution infused group, which suggested partial distribution of residual free water from the glycine solution in the intracellular space as well as the extracellular compartment. Since plasma proteins are confined primarily to the intravascular compartment, the changes in the concentration of plasma proteins and cholesterol indicate the amount of dilution of the extracellular fluid.
Cytologic regression grading of hormone‐treated prostatic cancer
Authors: Schmeller N. T. , Jocham D. , Staehler G. , Schmiedt E. , Davis J. , Drach G. W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAspiration cytology during hormone treatment of prostatic cancer has been regularly performed at the University of Munich for 13 years and gives direct information on the primary tumor. To analyse its value in clinical practice, 919 biopsies of 187 patients were reviewed without knowledge of clinical data and the charts were analysed retrospectively. Each biopsy was classified as having good, medium, or poor therapeutic response depending on the regressive changes of the cells. Agreement between two independent observers was 89%All but 39 of these patients have died and the surviving patients have a minimum observation period of 5.6 years. A poor therapeutic response was seen cytologically in 72 patients (38.5%) at variable times after treatment began. These patients have a statistically significant worse survival in comparison to all other patients. Forty‐seven of these 72 patients had deterioration, but clinical signs developed later in 23 cases (mean 1.1 years); in 21 patients cytology and clinical signs were simultaneous and in only three cases clinical deterioration preceded aspiration cytology (mean 4.8 months). In 25 cases there was a cytologically poor therapeutic response, but no clinical signs of deterioration. These patients had the same survival rate as with good or medium treatment response. Serial aspiration cytology is a very valuable parameter in treatment monitoring and is often the early warning sign of endocrine treatment failure.
Papillary adenoma of the prostatic urethra
Authors: Zeid Mohamed , Gaeta John F. , Asirwatham John E. , Suffrin Gerald 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSix patients with papillary adenoma of the prostatic urethra are described. Their ages ranged from 39 to 70 years old. Two of them showed evidence of clincal recurrence 1 year after treatment. The pathological features as well as the immunohistochemical demonstration of prostate specific antigen (PSA) and prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) are illustrated. A brief review of the literature is discussed with special emphasis on the histogenesis and nature of this lesion.