bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Overcoming Defect Limitations in Photocatalysis: Boron‐Incorporation Engineered Crystalline Red Phosphorus for Enhanced Hydrogen Production
Authors: Pei Xinya , Bian Junwei , Zhang Wei , Hu Zhuofeng , Ng Yun Hau , Dong Yi , Zhai Xinhui , Wei Zhen , Liu Yuxi , Deng Jiguang , Dai Hongxing , Jing Lin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPhotocatalytic hydrogen evolution (PHE) from water splitting is a promising technology for clean and renewable energy production. Elemental crystalline red phosphorus (CRP) is purposefully designed and developed for PHE reaction. However, the photocatalytic activity of CRP is limited by its intrinsic P vacancy (VP) defects, which lead to detrimental charge trapping at deep states and hence its severe recombination. To address this issue, a boron (B) incorporated CRP (B‐CRP) photocatalyst is tailored, synthesized via a simple and mild boric acid‐assisted hydrothermal strategy. The incorporation of B effectively fills the VP defects, reducing deep trap states (DTS) and introducing beneficial shallow trap states (STS) within the band structure of CRP. This defect engineering approach leads to enhanced photocatalytic activity, with B‐CRP achieving a PHE rate of 1392 µmol g−1 h−1, significantly outperforming most reported elemental photocatalysts in the literature. Density functional theory (DFT) simulations and ultrafast spectroscopy support the constructive role of B‐dopant‐induced STS in prolonging active charge carrier lifetimes, promoting more efficient photocatalytic reactions. The findings not only demonstrate the effectiveness of B‐CRP as a photocatalyst but also highlight the usefulness of dopant‐induced STS in advancing PHE technologies.
Therapeutic In Vivo Gene Editing Achieved by a Hypercompact CRISPR‐Cas12f1 System Delivered with All‐in‐One Adeno‐Associated Virus
Authors: Cui Tongtong , Cai Bingyu , Tian Yao , Liu Xin , Liang Chen , Gao Qingqin , Li Bojin , Ding Yali , Li Rongqi , Zhou Qi , Li Wei , Teng Fei 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCRISPR‐based gene therapies are making remarkable strides toward the clinic. But the large size of most widely used Cas endonucleases including Cas9 and Cas12a restricts their efficient delivery by the adeno‐associated virus (AAV) for in vivo gene editing. Being exceptionally small, the recently engineered type V‐F CRISPR‐Cas12f1 systems can overcome the cargo packaging bottleneck and present as strong candidates for therapeutic applications. In this study, the pairwise editing efficiencies of different engineered Cas12f1/sgRNA scaffold combinations are systemically screened and optimized, and the CasMINI_v3.1/ge4.1 system is identified as being able to significantly boost the gene editing activity. Moreover, packaged into single AAV vectors and delivered via subretinal injection, CasMINI_v3.1/ge4.1 achieves remarkably high in vivo editing efficiencies, over 70% in transduced retinal cells. Further, the efficacy of this Cas12f1 system‐based gene therapy to treat retinitis pigmentosa in RhoP23H mice is demonstrated by the therapeutic benefits achieved including rescued visual function and structural preservation. And minimal bystander editing activity is detected. This work advances and expands the therapeutic potential of the miniature Cas12f1 system to support efficient and accurate in vivo gene therapy.
Shared and Compartment‐Specific Processes in Nucleus Pulposus and Annulus Fibrosus During Intervertebral Disc Degeneration
Authors: Swahn Hannah , Mertens Jasmin , Olmer Merissa , Myers Kevin , Mondala Tony S. , Natarajan Padmaja , Head Steven R. , Alvarez‐Garcia Oscar , Lotz Martin K. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractElucidating how cell populations promote onset and progression of intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) has the potential to enable more precise therapeutic targeting of cells and mechanisms. Single‐cell RNA‐sequencing (scRNA‐seq) is performed on surgically separated annulus fibrosus (AF) (19,978; 26,983 cells) and nucleus pulposus (NP) (20,884; 24,489 cells) from healthy and diseased human intervertebral discs (IVD). In both tissue types, depletion of cell subsets involved in maintenance of healthy IVD is observed, specifically the immature cell subsets – fibroblast progenitors and stem cells – indicative of an impairment of normal tissue self‐renewal. Tissue‐specific changes are also identified. In NP, several fibrotic populations are increased in degenerated IVD, indicating tissue‐remodeling. In degenerated AF, a novel disease‐associated subset is identified, which expresses disease‐promoting genes. It is associated with pathogenic biological processes and the main gene regulatory networks include thrombospondin signaling and FOXO1 transcription factor. In NP and AF cells thrombospondin protein promoted expression of genes associated with TGFβ/fibrosis signaling, angiogenesis, and nervous system development. The data reveal new insights of both shared and tissue‐specific changes in specific cell populations in AF and NP during IVD degeneration. These identified mechanisms and molecules are novel and more precise targets for IDD prevention and treatment.
Camel‐Fur‐Inspired Graphite‐Based Hygroscopic Membrane for Passive Air Cooling with Ultrahigh Cooling Power
Authors: Lin Wenzhu , Yao Xiaoxue , Kumar Nallapaneni Manoj , Lo Wai Kin , Chopra Shauhrat S. , Hau Ng Yun , Wang Steven 
Published: February 2024

AbstractEarth's temperature has risen by ≈0.18 °C per decade since 1981 and year 2022 is the sixth‐warmest year on record. The exploration of cooling strategies that operate with less energy consumption is thus highly desirable. Through this project, a camel‐fur‐inspired passive membrane encapsulated sorbent cooler that can periodically absorb moisture from the atmosphere and release it for daytime evaporative cooling, leading to effective regulation of building temperature without additional energy input is demonstrated. This sorbent cooler with high sorption capacity is made of anhydrous salt and modified expanded graphite and further encapsulated by a breathable porous membrane. This novel material is shape‐stabilized, and it has excellent cycling performance, and remarkable water adhesion ability. In this evaporative‐cooling demonstration, the average cooling power of the camel‐fur‐inspired sorbent can reach up to 630 W m−2, which is much higher than the radiative cooling approach. This theoretical model implies that the proposed sorbent cooler has the potential to cut down cooling energy carbon emission by 61% to 87.83% when compared to emissions released from cooling energy usage in reference buildings. This nature‐inspired approach paves a new way for efficient space cooling without extra water supply and with minimized energy consumption.
RNA‐Vermittelte Peptidbindungen Fördern die L‐Homochiralität
Authors: Węgrzyn Ewa , Mejdrová Ivana , Müller Felix M. , Nainytė Milda , Escobar Luis , Carell Thomas 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDie Welt, in der wir leben, ist homochiral. Die Riboseeinheiten, die das Rückgrat von DNA und RNA bilden, sind alle D‐konfiguriert, und die kodierten Aminosäuren, aus denen die Proteine aller lebenden Arten bestehen, weisen an den α‐Kohlenstoffatomen eine L‐Konfiguration auf. Die Homochiralität der α‐Aminosäuren ist unerlässlich für die Faltung der Peptide in wohldefinierte und funktionelle 3D‐Strukturen und die Homochiralität der D‐Ribose ist entscheidend für die Ausbildung einer Helix und die Basenpaarung. Die Frage, warum die Natur nur kodierte L‐α‐Aminosäuren verwendet, ist nicht geklärt. Wir zeigen hier, dass eine RNA‐Peptid‐Welt, in der Peptide an aus D‐Ribose aufgebauten RNAs wachsen, zur Selbstselektion von homo‐L‐Peptiden führt, was eine mögliche Erklärung für die in der Natur beobachtete Kombination von homo‐D‐Ribose und homo‐L‐Aminosäuren liefert.
Converting Commercial Zn Foils into Single (002)‐Textured Zn with Millimeter‐Sized Grains for Highly Reversible Aqueous Zinc Batteries
Authors: Chen Zibo , Wu Qiang , Han Xuran , Wang Cheng , Chen Jialu , Hu Tao , He Qian , Zhu Xinyue , Yuan Du , Chen Jianyu , Zhang Yu , Yang Lijun , Ma Yanwen , Zhao Jin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractRechargeable aqueous zinc batteries are promising but hindered by unfavorable dendrite growth and side reactions on zinc anodes. In this study, we demonstrate a fast melting‐solidification approach for effectively converting commercial Zn foils into single (002)‐textured Zn featuring millimeter‐sized grains. The melting process eliminates initial texture, residual stress, and grain size variations in diverse commercial Zn foils, guaranteeing the uniformity of commercial Zn foils into single (002)‐textured Zn. The single (002)‐texture ensures large‐scale epitaxial and dense Zn deposition, while the reduction in grain boundaries significantly minimizes intergranular reactions. These features enable large grain single (002)‐textured Zn shows planar and dense Zn deposition under harsh conditions (100 mA cm−2, 100 mAh cm−2), impressive reversibility in Zn||Zn symmetric cell (3280 h under 1 mA cm−2, 830 h under 10 mAh cm−2), and long cycling stability over 180 h with a high depth of discharge value of 75 %. This study successfully addresses the issue of uncontrollable texture formation in Zn foils following routine annealing treatments with temperatures below the Zn melting point. The findings of this study establish a highly efficient strategy for fabricating highly reversible single (002)‐textured Zn anodes.
Modular Synthesis of Improbable Rotaxanes with All‐Benzene Scaffolds
Authors: Bu An , Gao Jia‐Nan , Chen Yiming , Xiao Hongyan , Li Hongwei , Tung Chen‐Ho , Wu Li‐Zhu , Cong Huan 
Published: February 2024

Abstract“Improbable” rotaxanes consisting of interlocked conjugated components represent non‐trivial synthetic targets, not to mention those with all‐benzene scaffolds. Herein, a modular synthetic strategy has been established using an isolable azo‐linked pre‐rotaxane as the core module, in which the azo group functions as a tracelessly removable template to direct mechanical bond formations. Through versatile connections of the pre‐rotaxane and other customizable modules, [2]‐ and [3]rotaxanes derived from all‐benzene scaffolds have been accomplished, demonstrating the utility and potential of the synthetic design for all‐benzene interlocked supramolecules.
Bipolar Polymeric Protective Layer for Dendrite‐Free and Corrosion‐Resistant Lithium Metal Anode in Ethylene Carbonate Electrolyte
Authors: Deng Chenglong , Yang Binbin , Liang Yaohui , Zhao Yi , Gui Boshun , Hou Chuanyu , Shang Yanxin , Zhang Jinxiang , Song Tinglu , Gong Xuzhong , Chen Nan , Wu Feng , Chen Renjie 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe unstable interface between Li metal and ethylene carbonate (EC)‐based electrolytes triggers continuous side reactions and uncontrolled dendrite growth, significantly impacting the lifespan of Li metal batteries (LMBs). Herein, a bipolar polymeric protective layer (BPPL) is developed using cyanoethyl (−CH2CH2C≡N) and hydroxyl (−OH) polar groups, aiming to prevent EC‐induced corrosion and facilitating rapid, uniform Li+ ion transport. Hydrogen‐bonding interactions between −OH and EC facilitates the Li+ desolvation process and effectively traps free EC molecules, thereby eliminating parasitic reactions. Meanwhile, the −CH2CH2C≡N group anchors TFSI− anions through ion‐dipole interactions, enhancing Li+ transport and eliminating concentration polarization, ultimately suppressing the growth of Li dendrite. This BPPL enabling Li|Li cell stable cycling over 750 cycles at 10 mA cm−2 for 2 mAh cm−2. The Li|LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 and Li|LiFePO4 full cells display superior electrochemical performance. The BPPL provides a practical strategy to enhanced stability and performance in LMBs application.
Reactivity of Superbasic Carbanions Generated via Reductive Radical‐Polar Crossover in the Context of Photoredox Catalysis
Authors: Grotjahn Sascha , Graf Christina , Zelenka Jan , Pattanaik Aryaman , Müller Lea , Kutta Roger Jan , Rehbein Julia , Roithová Jana , Gschwind Ruth M. , Nuernberger Patrick , König Burkhard 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPhotocatalytic reactions involving a reductive radical‐polar crossover (RRPCO) generate intermediates with carbanionic reactivity. Many of these proposed intermediates resemble highly reactive organometallic compounds. However, conditions of their formation are generally not tolerated by their isolated organometallic versions and often a different reactivity is observed. Our investigations on their nature and reactivity under commonly used photocatalytic conditions demonstrate that these intermediates are indeed best described as free, superbasic carbanions capable of deprotonating common polar solvents usually assumed to be inert such as acetonitrile, dimethylformamide, and dimethylsulfoxide. Their basicity not only towards solvents but also towards electrophiles, such as aldehydes, ketones, and esters, is comparable to the reactivity of isolated carbanions in the gas‐phase. Previously unsuccessful transformations thought to result from a lack of reactivity are explained by their high reactivity towards the solvent and weakly acidic protons of reaction partners. An intuitive explanation for the mode of action of photocatalytically generated carbanions is provided, which enables methods to verify reaction mechanisms proposed to involve an RRPCO step and to identify the reasons for the limitations of current methods.
Regio‐ and Atroposelective Ring‐Opening of 1H‐Benzo[4,5]oxazolopyridinones
Authors: Deng Ruixian , Dong Puyang , Ge Jimeng , Zhang Wenjing , Xue Xiaoping , Duan Longhui , Shi Linlin , Gu Zhenhua 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe development of new methods for regio‐ and stereoselective activation of C−O bonds in ethers holds significant promise for synthetic chemistry, offering advantages in terms of environmental sustainability and economic efficiency. Moreover, the C−N atropisomers represent a fascinating and crucial chiral system, extensively found in natural products, pharmaceutical leads, and the frameworks of advanced materials. In this work, we have introduced a nickel‐catalyzed regio‐ and enantioselective carbon‐oxygen arylation reaction for atroposelective synthesis ofN‐arylisoquinoline‐1,3(2H,4H)‐diones. The high regioselectivity of C−O cleavage benefits from the high stability of the in situ formed (amido)ethenolate via oxidative addition. Additionally, the self‐activation of the aryl C−O bond facilitates the reaction under mild conditions, leading to outstanding enantioselectivities. The diverse post‐functionalizations of the axially chiral isoquinoline‐1,3(2H,4H)‐diones further highlighted the utility of this protocol in preparing valuable C−N atropisomers, including the chiral phosphine ligands.
Formation of hollow solid lipid microparticles from natural waxes using supercritical carbon dioxide
Authors: Sezer Okur Purlen , Ciftci Deniz , Ciftci Ozan N. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn this study, the potential of natural waxes, namely, candelilla wax (CLW) and carnauba wax (CW), was explored to form extra‐hard shell hollow solid lipid particles using a particle formation process based on supercritical fluid technology. Melting behavior and volumetric expansion of CLW and CW in pressurized CO2 were investigated as a function of pressure. The melting point of waxes decreased linearly with increasing pressures up to a certain level; then stayed constant regardless of further elevated pressures. The highest melting point depressions of 13.0% and 8.3% were observed for CLW and CW at 140 and 130 bar CO2 pressure, respectively. A positive correlation between the melting point depression and volumetric expansion was observed for both waxes. The volumetric expansion of waxes increased with increasing pressures within the linear range of the melting curves. The highest volumetric expansion was achieved at 140 bar/68°C and 130 bar/85°C for CLW (7.1%) and CW (8.5%), respectively. Hollow solid lipid particles with smooth surfaces were obtained from both CLW and CW. There was no difference between the melting behavior of the original waxes and their particles. Increasing SC‐CO2 pressure decreased the particle size and inner volume of the hollow particles. D[4,3] of CLW ranged between 9.3 and 25.4 μm, whereas it ranged between 8.7 and 34.2 μm for CW. CLW and CW were found to be suitable high‐melting lipids to form hollow solid lipid particles via SC‐CO2‐assisted particle formation process to develop hollow solid lipid particles with an extra‐hard protective shell.
Factors in the Perioperative Nurses’ Work Environment That Predict Work Engagement
Authors: Wright M. Imelda , Sha Shuying , Hall Lynne A. , Hessler Brittany 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACTPerioperative nurse engagement and certification are associated with a culture of safety, which is crucial in perioperative environments. Therefore, examining relationships between engagement, the practice environment, and certification is warranted. The purposes of this study were to examine the relationships between the perioperative practice environment and reported nurse engagement, determine differences in engagement based on certification, and identify facilitators and barriers to attaining and sustaining certification. In this multiphase mixed‐methods study, we used a convenience sample of perioperative nurses (N = 379) to examine relationships between engagement, the practice environment, and certification. Qualitative interviews were conducted (n = 15) to supplement the quantitative findings. Leadership support (β = 0.23, P = .001) and nursing foundations for quality care (β = 0.21, P = .01) were significant predictors of engagement. Certified nurses did not have significantly higher mean engagement scores when compared with noncertified peers. Qualitative interviews corroborated the findings.
Factors Affecting Perioperative Nurse Adherence to Ergonomic Safety Measures
Authors: Letvak Susan , Apple Brandi , Jenkins Marjorie 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACTAORN has identified safety risks unique to the perioperative setting and has developed ergonomic safety measures to help prevent musculoskeletal injuries and disorders. Little is known about adherence to these safety measures or the perceived barriers and facilitators to adherence. This study used a cross‐sectional survey to determine the prevalence of pain and occurrence of musculoskeletal injuries and disorders. We asked perioperative staff members about their perceived barriers and facilitators to adherence with safety measures. A total of 155 perioperative nurses in one health system completed the online survey (55% response rate). Most (93%) had experienced at least one musculoskeletal injury or disorder or related pain. Years worked as a perioperative nurse and having neck pain were associated with safety measure adherence. The most reported barrier to safety measure adherence was inadequate staffing. Study findings highlight the need for increased attention to the physical workload demands in the perioperative setting.
Distinct Composition‐Dependent Topological Hall Effect in Mn2‐xZnxSb
Authors: Nabi Md Rafique Un , Li Yue , te Velthuis Suzanne G. E. , Chhetri Santosh Karki , Upreti Dinesh , Basnet Rabindra , Acharya Gokul , Phatak Charudatta , Hu Jin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSpintronics, an evolving interdisciplinary field at the intersection of magnetism and electronics, explores innovative applications of electron charge and spin properties for advanced electronic devices. The topological Hall effect (THE), a key component in spintronics, has gained significance due to emerging theories surrounding noncoplanar chiral spin textures. This study focuses on Mn2‐xZnxSb, a material crystalizing in centrosymmetric space group with rich magnetic phases tunable by Zn contents. Through comprehensive magnetic and transport characterizations, we found that the high‐Zn (x > 0.6) samples display THE which is enhanced with decreasing temperature, while THE in the low‐Zn (x < 0.6) samples show an opposite trend. The coexistence of those distinct temperature dependencies for THE suggests very different magnetic interactions/structures for different compositions and underscores the strong coupling between magnetism and transport in Mn2‐xZnxSb. The findings contribute to understanding topological magnetism in centrosymmetric tetragonal lattices, establishing Mn2‐xZnxSb as a unique platform for exploring tunable transport effects and opening avenues for further exploration in the realm of spintronics.
Association of Muscle Quality and Pain in Adults With Symptomatic Knee Osteoarthritis, Independent of Muscle Strength: Findings From a Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Johnson Alisa J. , Barron Sarah M. , Nichols Jennifer A. , Cruz‐Almeida Yenisel 
Published: February 2024

ObjectiveKnee osteoarthritis (OA) is a leading cause of chronic pain in adults and shows wide interindividual variability, with peripheral and central factors contributing to the pain experience. Periarticular factors, such as muscle quality (eg, echo intensity [EI] and shear wave velocity [SWV]), may contribute to knee OA pain; however, the role of muscle quality in OA symptoms has yet to be fully established.MethodsTwenty‐six adults (age >50 years) meeting clinical criteria for knee OA were included in this cross‐sectional study. Quantitative ultrasound imaging was used to quantify EI and SWV in the rectus femoris of the index leg. Pearson correlations followed by multiple linear regression was used to determine associations between muscle quality and pain, controlling for strength, age, sex, and body mass index.ResultsEI and SWV were significantly associated with movement‐evoked pain (b = 0.452–0.839, P = 0.024–0.029). Clinical pain intensity was significantly associated with SWV (b = 0.45, P = 0.034), as were pressure pain thresholds at the medial (b = −0.41, P = 0.025) and lateral (b = −0.54, P = 0.009) index knee joint line, adjusting for all covariates. Pain interference was significantly associated with knee extension strength (b = −0.51, P = 0.041).ConclusionThese preliminary findings suggest that EI and SWV may impact knee OA pain and could serve as malleable treatment targets. Findings also demonstrate that muscle quality is a unique construct, distinct from muscle strength, which may impact pain and treatment outcomes. More research is needed to fully understand the role of muscle quality in knee OA.
Drug‐loaded lipid nanoparticles improve the removal rates of the Staphylococcus aureus biofilm
Authors: Qiao Jiaju , Hu Antuo , Zhou Haibo , Lu Zhaoxin , Meng Fanqiang , Shi Changzheng , Bie Xiaomei 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBiofilms of the foodborne pathogen Staphylococcus aureus show improved resistance to antibiotics and are difficult to eliminate. To enhance antibacteria and biofilm dispersion via extracellular matrix diffusion, a new lipid nanoparticle was prepared, which employed a mixture of phospholipids and a 0.8% surfactin shell. In the lipid nanoparticle, 31.56 μg mL−1 of erythromycin was encapsulated. The lipid nanoparticle size was approximately 52 nm and the zeta‐potential was ‐67 mV, which was measured using a Marvin laser particle size analyzer. In addition, lipid nanoparticles significantly dispersed the biofilms of S. aureus W1, CICC22942, and CICC 10788 on the surface of stainless steel, reducing the total viable count of bacteria in the biofilms by 103 CFU mL−1. In addition, the lipid nanoparticle can remove polysaccharides and protein components from the biofilm matrix. The results of laser confocal microscopy showed that the lipid nanoparticles effectively killed residual bacteria in the biofilms. Thus, to thoroughly eliminate biofilms on material surfaces in food factories to avoid repeated contamination, drug‐lipid nanoparticles present a suitable method to achieve this.