bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH INFORMASI DIGITAL TERHADAP KINERJA PENYULUH PERTANIAN DENGAN LITERASI INFORMASI SEBAGAI VARIABEL INTERVENING
Authors: Nuryadi Budi Akhmad , Saleh Khaerul , Salampesi Yudi Lani 
Published: April 2024

Tantangan kegiatan penyuluhan pertanian di era teknologi informasi dan komunikasi (TIK) adalah kemampuan memanfaatkan media berbasis internet dan jaringan sosial media. Media internet membuat perpindahan arus informasi begitu cepat di semua aspek kehidupan. Kuatnya terpaan informasi yang ada, membuat penyuluh pertanian harus mempunyai kecakapan dalam literasi informasi, supaya informasi yang disampaikan kepada petani merupakan informasi yang valid. Penelitian ini dirancang sebagai penelitian survei yang bersifat deskriptif menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif, bertujuan untuk mengetahui terpaan informasi, tingkat literasi informasi dan pengaruh literasi informasi penyuluh pertanian di Kabupaten Serang. Responden pada penelitian ini sebanyak 41 orang penyuluh pertanian dengan pengambilan sampel secara purposive, untuk penilaian kinerja dilakukan oleh 2 petani binaan. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan analisis jalur. Hasil penelitian menunjukan terpaan media informasi masih tergolong rendah terutama dari hal frekuensi dan durasi penggunaan internet, literasi informasi penyuluh pertanian tergolong kurang baik terutama pada tahapan kemampuan menyeleksi, mengorganisasi, menciptakan informasi baru, menilai luaran dan menerapkan masukan. Sedangkan untuk kemampuan mengidentifikasi, mengeksplorasi, dan mempresentasikan dinilai baik. Informasi digital berpengaruh tidak langsung terhadap kinerja penyuluh pertanian dengan literasi informasi sebagai variabel intervening hanya diterima untuk faktor durasi (menit).
Peran Sikap Optimis Dan Dukungan Sosial Pada Subjective Well-Being Di Masa Pandemic Covid-19
Authors: Fauziya Fizi 
Published: April 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peran yang berdampak pada Subjective Well-Being di masa pandemic melalui factor sikap optimis dan dukungan sosial. Penelitian ini berjenis kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi Pustaka. Data yang di gunakan oleh peneliti merupakan data sekunder yang merupakan jurnal-jurnal yang berkaitan dengan sikap optimis dan dukungan sosial terhadap Subjective Well-Being. Peneliti menganalisis beberapa jurnal dengan menyortir dengan tepat untuk pengambilan data agar menjadi kebaharuan didalam penelitian ini. Hasil yang ditemukan oleh peneliti berupa kesejahteraan subjektif memiliki faktor pendukung untuk menghadapi masa pandemic yang menerjang berbeagai bidang baik ekonomi maupun sosial. Hal tersebut membuktikan bahwa sikap optimis harus dihadirkan untuk memperkuat ketahan tubuh saat pandemic yang menerpa psikis maupun mental seseorang. Selain itu dukungan sosial menjadikan seseorang untuk bangkit dan mencari solusi sementara saat pandemic dengan berbagai kegiatan untuk mengeksplorasi hobi yang menghasilkan pendapatan.
Peluang Minuman Teh Kombucha Dan Potensinya Sebagai Minuman Kesehatan Pencegah Dan Penyembuh Aneka Penyakit
Authors: Nasution Irda Wahidah , Nasution Nurul Hidayah 
Published: April 2024

Teh kombucha merupakan salah satu minuman tradisional yang sangat menarik karena teh ini merupakan hasil fermentasi yang dilakukan oleh kultur simbiotik. Teh kombucha mempunyai nilai gizi lebih tinggi dan bermanfaat bagi kesehatan dibandingkan dengan teh biasa. Alat-alat yang digunakan dalam melaksanakan penelititan ini, antara lain: pengaduk teh kayu, toples kaca, penyaringan plastik, kain kasa, karet gelang, sendok kayu, timbangan analitik, pH meter, kertas saring, tabung reaksi. Kombucha dibuat dengan menggunakan 5 varian teh yang berbeda, yaitu teh bunga rosela, teh hijau, teh hitam, teh celup sari wangi, teh serbuk Goalpara. Pemanis yang digunakan adalah Gula pasir (merk Gulaku), air dan stater kombucha. Tahapan dalam pembuatan teh kombucha yaitu, perebusan air sebanyak 3 liter hingga 90°C, lalu air ditambahkan gula 450 gram, dan juga memasukkan daun teh yang akan digunakan dan didiamkan selama 5 menit hingga mendidih. Tahapan selanjutnya adalah memindahkan larutan teh ke dalam wadah dan menambahkan starter kombucha 10% dan 1 keping SCOBY di atas larutan teh. Fermentasi dilakukan dalam wadah kaca apabila ingin mendapatkan hasil yang optimal. Menutup mulut wadah fermentasi menggunakan kain dan diamkan 7-14 hari. Terdapat dua tahapan yang terjadi selama proses fermentasi berlangsung yaitu, pembentukan alkohol dan asam laktat. Semakin lama waktu fermentasi dan semakin lama SCOBY terendam di dalam larutan teh kombucha maka akan berdampak pada warna SCOBY. Jenis teh yang berbeda akan memberi warna berbeda pada kombucha. Jika teh yang digunakan memiliki warna yang lebih gelap, selama proses fermentasi SCOBY juga akan terlihat lebih gelap. Saat proses fermentasi kombucha dihasilkan senyawa seperti polifenol, asam organik (asam asetat, asam glukoronat, dll), vitamin, asam folat, asam amino esensial, antibiotik dan enzim yang bermanfaat bagi kesehatan. Diantara manfaat minuman teh kombucha adalah: antioksidan, antibakteri, memperbaiki mikroflora usus, dapat meningkatkan ketahanan tubuh dan menurunkan tekanan darah. Dengan kegunaan yang sangat baik ini, minuman teh kombucha dapat dipertimbangkan sebagai minuman kesehatan pencegah dan penyembuh aneka penyakit.
Peran Penting Komunikasi Pada Era Globalisasi
Authors: Sukarni Sukarni 
Published: April 2024

Komunikasi pada era globalisasi sekarang ini mengalami kemajuan yang sangat pesat, baik komunikasi satu arah maupun dua arah, langsung maupun tidak langsung. Hal tersebut sesuai dengan kebutuhan informasi yang semakin berkembang pula. Kebutuhan terhadap informasi merupakan kebutuhan semua orang termasuk para siswa. Penelitian ini merupakan Penelitiaan Tindakan Kelas (PTK) yang dilakukan oleh guru di dalam kelasnya. Proses pembelajaran dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Jigsaw untuk meningkatkan kompetensi menelaah ejaan surat dinas pada siswa kelas VII B SMP Negeri 1 Cilacap tahun pelajaran 2016/2017 dilakukan dengan membagi siswa dalam kelompok ahli dan kelompok asal. Kelompok ahli membahas penggunaan ejaan sedangkan kelompok asal menelaah ejaan surat dinas. Hasil diskusi dalam kelompok ahli disampaikan dalam kelompok asal, sebagai dasar mengerjakan tugas menelaah ejaan, baik tugas kelompok maupun mandiri.
A Spatial Scale Approach to Fish Habitat Ecology and Impacted Rivers
Authors:   , Hansen Henry H. 
Published: April 2024

Fish biodiversity in rivers is threatened by continual habitat loss. Evidence to support management and restoration of rivers requires information about the specific habitat requirements for entire fish communities. The complexity of this topic, combined with additional challenges of multiple stressors, data limitation, and natural dynamics of rivers, facilitates novel model development for both applied and theoretical arenas. Central to this area of study is the importance of spatial scale. Spatial scale is the context on which measurements, models, management, and policy have the potential to synchronize in an effective manner. The forefront and progress of river restoration depends on the provisioning of timely evidence for decision-making that comes directly from models. This thesis explores and develops a spatial scale approach to model fish communities and habitat in impacted rivers. I present a comprehensive vision of how the spatial scale approach can be implemented across spatial scales. I then introduce new models at each individual scale: micro-scale, meso-scale, macro-scale, riverscape-scale, and beyond-riverscape-scale. For each scale, I studied a different river or system of rivers from around the world. The variety of modeling techniques I used highlighted new opportunities to extend models for methods in river restoration such as flow regime management, fish passage construction, dam removal, non-native fish regulation, and plastic pollution reduction. Advancements for future models and limitations are discussed in the context of spatial scale and interdisciplinarity.
EVALUATION OF SUPERVISION TEACHER PERFORMANCE IN EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION
Authors: Aprilianti Firda , Rindaningsih Ida 
Published: April 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan penguatan kepada guru agar dapat melakukan pengembangan diri sehingga menjadi lebih profesional dan akan meningkatkan kualitas pendidikan yang berfokus pada evaluasi kinerja guru Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini di PAUD Islam dalam perencanaan dan pelaksanaan kegiatan pembelajaran. Dalam penelitian ini metode yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dengan teknik pengambilan data melalui wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian ini terhadap perencanaan dan pelaksanaan pembelajaran menunjukkan bahwa guru memiliki kemampuan baik dalam perencanaan, namun masih diperlukan peningkatan dalam memilih strategi pembelajaran dan menyusun komponen penilaian. Dalam pelaksanaan pembelajaran, guru telah dinilai baik, meskipun terdapat beberapa aspek yang memerlukan perhatian lebih lanjut. Adapun cara untuk meningkatkan kinerja guru, seperti pendekatan religius, memberikan teladan melalui kepala sekolah, penghargaan, dan penerapan teguran serta hukuman, dapat menjadi panduan dalam mengatasi tantangan tersebut. . Kinerja guru bukan hanya terkait dengan aspek teknis mengajar, tetapi juga melibatkan elemen-elemen seperti komitmen, disiplin, motivasi, dan kemampuan professional.
PERAN PELATIHAN DAN DISIPLIN PADA TURNOVER INTENTION PADA KARYAWAN PT X DI KOTA SEMARANG
Authors: Fifaldyovan Muhammad Ikhsan , Supriyanta Sipriyanta 
Published: April 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dan menguji secara empiris pengaruh pelatihan dan disiplin terhadap turnover intention. Sampel sebanyak 110 orang karyawan PT X di kota Semarang, yang diperoleh secara incidental sampling. Metode analisis data menggunakan analisis regresi linier berganda. Hasil penelitian adalah pelatihan dan disiplin berpengaruh terhadap turnover intention, baik secara parsial maupun simultan. Kata kunci: pelatihan, disiplin, turnover intention, karyawan
ANALISIS PENGARUH KUALITAS SDM, SARANA FISIK DAN KOMUNIKASI TERHADAP KEPUASAN PENGGUNA LAYANAN (Studi Pada Kantor Kecamatan Mojolaban Kabupaten Sukoharjo)
Authors: Triyanto Triyanto , Sudarmadi Sudarmadi 
Published: April 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dan menguji secara empiris pengaruh Kualitas SDM, Komunikasi dan Sarana Fisik terhadap Kepuasan Pengguna Layanan Pada kantor Kecamatan Mojolaban. Sampel adalah 100 orang yang menggunakan jasa layanan di Kantor Kecamatan Mojolaban yang diperoleh secara proporsional sampling. Metode analisis data menggunakan analisis regresi linier berganda. Hasil penelitian adalah kualitas SDM, sarana fisik dan komunikasi berpengaruh positif dan signifikan signifikan terhadap kepuasan pengguna layanan di Kantor Kecamatan Mojolaban. Kata kunci: kualitas SDM, komunikasi, sarana fisik, kepuasan konsumen
ENGARUH KUALITAS PELAYANAN TERHADAP KEPUASAN DAN LOYALITAS PELANGGAN DI SPBU LEMAH BANG SRAGEN
Authors: Prastica Shinta Bella , Marsudi Hidup 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kualitas pelanggan terhadap kepuasan pelanggan, pengaruh kualitas pelayanan terhadap loyalitas pelanggan, pengaruh kepuasan terhadap loyalitas pelanggan, dan pengaruh kualitas pelayanan terhadap loyalitas pelanggan melalui kepuasan pelanggan. Sampel sebanyak 100 orang konsumen SPBU Lemah Bang Sragen yang diperoleh secara incidental sampling. Data diperoleh menggunakan kuesioner dan dianalisis menggunakan analisis jalur dan sobel. Hasil penelitian adalah kualitas pelayanan berpengarh positif terhadap loyalitas pelanggan, kualitas pelanggan berpengaruh positif terhadap kepuasan pelanggan, kepuasan berpengaruh positif terhadap loyalitas pelanggan, dan kualitas pelayanan berpengaruh terhadap loyalitas pelanggan melalui kepuasan pelanggan.
Quality Assurance and In-vitro Bioequivalence Analysis of Amlodipine Besylate Tablets
Authors: Vaikosen Edebi N. , Bunu Samuel J. , Santus Samson K. , Balogun Obe D. , Nyalas-Omeire Dorcas 
Published: April 2024

The proliferation of generic brands in the local pharmaceutical market makes it increasingly difficult for health professionals and patients to choose the optimal drug. The study aimed to assess the physicochemical parameters of generic amlodipine besylate tablets utilizing in-vitro testing to eliminate health hazards and maximize safety. Five brands (A, B, C, D, and E) of amlodipine besylate tablets (5 mg) were examined for six in-vitro tests; thickness, hardness, friability, uniformity of weight, disintegration, dissolution, and thin layer chromatography (TLC). The dissolution test revealed that Brand D had the highest percentage of drug release at 5 minutes (106.2%), followed by Brand E (103.2%), A (70.7%), B (64.4%), and C (61.0%), respectively. The spectrophotometric measurement was carried out at 240 nm. All five brands satisfied the British Pharmacopeia standard for uncoated tablet weight homogeneity (less than 5% variance) and disintegration within 15 minutes. Brand A has the longest disintegration time (4.37 minutes), whereas Brand B has the shortest (3.05). Brand E had the maximum hardness of 8.7 kg/cm², and Brand B had the lowest hardness of 3 kg/cm². All five brands had a friability percentage of less than 1%, with bread B having the highest (0.91%) and brand E, lowest (0.10%), all tablets crumbled after 15 minutes. All brands passed the quality assessment test. Conclusion: The Quality Assurance and in-vitro bioequivalence assay methods used in this study are dependable, simple, and inexpensive, and they can be used consistently to evaluate amlodipine tablets and other solid-dosage pharmaceutical products.
Soil Properties and Land Use in Salt Affected Soils of Prakasam District, Andhra Pradesh, India P
Authors: Subbaiah P. Venkata , Mrudhula K. Anny , Kaledhonkar M. J. 
Published: April 2024

A study was conducted to assess the soil properties, land use in salt affected areas of Prakasam district,Andhra Pradesh during 2021-22. A total of 240 soil samples in salt affected mandals were collected and were analysed for different physical, physico-chemical properties. The sandy clay loam texture is predominant (35.90%) followed by sandy loam (28.21%). pH2 of soil varied from 7.2-11.0, ECe ranged from 0.3-58.0 dSm-1 ESP ranged from 0.9-57.0, CEC ranged from 3.5-56.6 c mol (p+) kg-1. The problem soils namely saline, saline alkali and alkali are present under various land use. A total of 460 farmers in salt affected areas and 460 farmers in non salt affected areaswere studied for livelihood options. The farmers are diversifying the livelihoods by practicing dairy, sheep and goat farming, Agroforestry, backyard poultry, orchards, products (leaf, trunk, fruits)of trees for various other purposes like coal preparation, firewood by utilizing predominant native vegetation in salt affected soils to secure their income for sustaining livelihoods.
Genotypic Characterization and Virulence Features of Bacteria Associated with Chicken Meat in Rivers State, Nigeria
Authors: L. K. Nima, , N. N. Odu, , L. O. Amadi, , S. I. Douglas, , T. Sampson, 
Published: April 2024

Microbial investigation of live poultry birds were carried out in three different locations (Aluu, Elioparanwo and RSU) in Ikwerre, Obio-Akpor and Port Harcourt Local Government Areas, Rivers State, Nigeria. In this study a total of 125 samples of muscle (25), breast (25), intestine (25), wing (25) and leg (25) of poultry birds were analysed using molecular techniques and evaluating there virulence features. The birds were processed and microbiological analysis was done using standard procedures, molecular identification of the isolates was carried out. The mean total heterotrophic bacterial count of the muscle, breast, intestine, wing and leg in the three different locations ranged from 16.6±2.3 to 25.2±3.5, 1.6±0.2 to 24.8±8.6, 0.11±0.1 to 8.9±2.7, 1.1±0.8 to 10.6±1.8 and 3.4±0.1 to 4.9±0.9 CFU/g, respectively. The mean total coliform counts of the three locations ranged from 2.1±0.3 to 2.1±0.2, 1.8±0.2 to 0.9±0.6, and 0.32±2.5 to 0.32±0.25, 2.6±0.3 to 7.7±0.9 and 2.3±0.4 to 2.9±0.3 CFU/g, respectively. Virulence features of A. caviae (CP072326, OL45594) shows proteolytic activity, catalytic DNase, motility, starch hydrolysis and biofilm formation. A. baumanii (ON606300) showed Lipolytic activity, catalytic, starch hydrolysis, capsule formation and biofilm formation. C. braakii (ON557391) was positive for Motility, catalytic and proteolytic. JQ231164 C. freudii (motile, catalytic, proteolytic and biofilm formation. E. hormaechei (ON834331, ON834332) was positive for motility, starch hydrolysis and biofilm formation. MN733229 M. odoratiminus (Lipolytic, motile, catalytic, DNase, proteolytic, ureolytic, heomolytic, capsule formation and biofilm formation. The study revealed that microbial contamination of Chicken meat could arise from bacteria present in the environment and on birds. These findings, thus underscored the urgent need for improved biosecurity measures, enhanced hygiene practices to safeguard both poultry health and public health. There should therefore be stringent implementation of food safety measure throughout the poultry value chain from farm to table.
Effect of Gibberellic Acid and Cytokinin on Growth, Quality and Yield of French Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cv. Ellora No. 11
Authors: De Puspita , Bahadur Vijay , Topno Samir E. 
Published: April 2024

The experiment was conducted during Rabi season November – March, 2022-2023 at the Vegetable Research Farm, Department of Horticulture, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology & Sciences, and Prayagraj (UP). The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with 10 treatments and 3 replication to study the “Effect of GA3 and Cytokinin on growth, quality and yield of French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cv. Ellora No 11.” The treatments which areT0: Control, T1:GA3@200ppm, T2: GA3@400ppm, T3:GA3@600ppm, T4:GA3@800ppm, T5:GA3@1000ppm, T6Cytokinin@250ppm, T7Cytokinin@500ppm, T8Cytokinin@750ppm, T9Cytokinin@1000ppm. The growth regulators were sprayed at 10 D.A.S in French bean. from the above experiment finding it is conclude that all the character viz., growth parameter, earliness parameter yield parameter, qualitative parameters varied significantly. Further, The result showed that the minimum days to first flowering(42.33DAS), first picking (63.33DAS) and days to 50% flowering(53.67 DAS) while the maximum plant height(52.07cm), no. of branches(13.57), no. of leaves(214.93), number of pod per plant(21.67),pod length(16.50), pod girth(2.63cm) 1 pod weight(5.70g), yield per ha(12.35t/ha), total soluble solids (6.37°BRIX), protein (1.52%), fiber (3.89%), ascorbic acid (11.77mg)and BC ratio (3.1) was found maximum in T1:GA3@200ppm
Promoting Intentional Vocabulary Learning among EFL Learners in Saudi Arabia: The Role of Captioned and Subtitled TV Series
Authors: Almalki Rehab Saad A. 
Published: April 2024

Video viewing whether a TV series, a documentary, or an excerpt can be a useful tool for exposing learners to enormous amounts of input to increase their vocabulary. Thus, this study investigates the effect of viewing of captioned and subtitled TV series in promoting vocabulary learning among EFL learners in Saudi Arabia, it also investigates the effect of the type of the on-screen text (whether English or Arabic) and proficiency level in gaining vocabulary. Data for this study were collected using a quantitative experimental approach. A total of 19 intermediate Saudi female learners participated in this study, they were assigned randomly into two different groups: captions group and subtitles group, both groups were viewing two episodes of a TV series. A pre and post-tests were administered to measure form recall and meaning recall gains of vocabulary. Results showed that the audio-visual input helped participants learn vocabulary in terms of meaning recall and form recall for both groups however the relative gains were found to be comparatively more in the captions group in terms of form recall with no statistically significant difference. With the meaning recall, the subtitles groups showed comparatively higher relative gains without any statistical significance. The relative gains were comparatively higher among students with B2 proficiency than those with A2 in both meaning recall and form recall, irrespective of the groups (p>0.05). The analysis also showed no effect of language of the on-screen text on either form or meaning recall. Taken together, these results suggest that audio-visual materials may aid students in learning and developing new vocabulary in EFL classrooms. Teachers can utilize them to supplement pupils' lack of vocabulary along with their textbooks by piquing their interest and stimulating their curiosity.
Chitin binding by Thermobifida fusca cellulase catalytic domains
Authors: Li Yongchao , Wilson David B. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractCellulose is a linear homopolymer of β 1‐4 linked glucose residues. Chitin is similar to cellulose in structure, and can be described as cellulose with the hydroxyl group on the C2 carbon replaced by an acetylamine group. Both cellulose and chitin form tightly packed, extensively hydrogen‐bonded micro‐fibrils. Up to now, binding of cellulase catalytic domains (CDs) to chitin has not been reported. In this article, binding of the CDs of Thermobifida fusca Cel6A, Cel6B, Cel48A, Cel5A, and Cel9A to α‐chitin was investigated. The CDs of endocellulases, Cel6A and Cel5A did not bind to α‐chitin; one exocellulase, Cel48A CD bound α‐chitin moderately well; and the exocellulase Cel6B CD and the processive endocellulase Cel9A CD bound extremely tightly to α‐chitin. Only mutations of Cel6B W329C, W332A and G234S and Cel9A Y206F, Y206S and D261A/R378K caused weaker binding to α‐chitin than wild‐type, and all these mutations were of residues near the catalytic center. One mutant enzyme, Cel9A D261A/R378K had weak chitinase activity, but no soluble products were detected. Chitotriose and chitotetraose were docked successfully to the catalytic cleft of Cel9A. In general, the positioning of the sugar residues in the model structures matched the cellooligosaccharides in the X‐ray structure. Our results show that the binding of chitin by a cellulase can provide additional information about its binding to cellulose. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2008;100: 644–652. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Metastases and multiple myeloma generate distinct transcriptional footprints in osteocytes in vivo
Authors: Eisenberger S , Ackermann K , Voggenreiter G , Sültmann H , Kasperk C , Pyerin W 
Published: February 2008

AbstractOsteocytes are the most abundant bone cells, playing important roles in tissue maintenance. Little is known of how they react in vivo to cancer stress. Here we present a comparative study of the effect of a bone‐residing tumour (myeloma) and metastases of bone‐remote cancers on osteocytes. While no differences in morphology of the bone are seen, the changes in the transcriptome of osteocytes are specifically related to the tumour stress present. Screening ∼22 000 genes in osteocytes prepared from cryosections of native bone using laser‐supported microdissection, we observed ∼1400 and ∼1800 gene expression differences between osteocytes dissected from normal bone compared with those associated with metastases and multiple myeloma, respectively. The genes up‐regulated due to the stress exerted by metastases were repressed by multiple myeloma and vice versa, indicating stress‐specific footprints in the transcriptome of osteocytes. Functionally, the stressors seem to impose selective pressures on signalling pathways such as that of TGFβ, a major player in bone biology. Our data show for the first time that the transcriptome of osteocytes in vivo becomes strongly affected by cancer stress, generating gene expression footprints which, in contrast to comparable morphological changes, appear to relate to the nature of cancer and might thus become helpful in distinguishing different bone diseases. Copyright © 2008 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.