bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biophysical Studies on the Correction of Uremic Human Serum Albumin Binding Defects by In Vitro Charcoal Adsorption Treatment
Authors: Nikolaev V. , Sarnatskaya V. , von Appen K. , Ivanov A. , Rotellar E. , Haspar M. , Klinkmann H. 
Published: November 2008

Abstract:Spectrofluorimetry, flow microcalorimetry, and differential scanning microcalorimetry (DSMC) were used to study the conformation, binding function, and ligand loading of uremic albumin obtained from the blood plasma of 2 end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) patients before and after charcoal plasma treatment at different pH values (3.0–9.0). The spectrofluorimetric patterns of conformational N‐F transition at low pH (4.2–3.5) are practically identical for both samples of uremic human serum albumin (HSA) and control HSA from healthy donors. After the charcoal treatment at pH 3.0 and 4.0, the enthalpies of complexing on uremic HSA with bromsulfa‐lein and sodium dodecylsulfate approach that of donor HSA. The binding affinity of uremic HSA for sodium octanoate, phenol red, and salicylic acid following low pH charcoal treatment even exceed those of donor HSA.At the same time the charcoal treatment of uremic plasma at neutral and alkaline pH does not notably improve the binding characteristics of isolated HSA. Adsorption at low pH values completely restores the tryptophan fluorescence spectrum position of uremic albumin and improves the thermodynamic characteristics of its melting process. Using DSMC data, it can nevertheless be concluded that some conformational changes or a certain amount of high‐affinity bound endogenous ligands still remain after low pH uremic HSA purification. The latter conclusion requires additional improvements of adsorption treatment of uremic plasma.
Relationship Between Pump Speed Design and Hemolysis in an Axial Flow Blood Pump
Authors: Anai Hirofumi , Wakisaka Yoshinari , Nakatani Takeshi , Taenaka Yoshiyuki , Takano Hisateru , Hadama Tetsuo 
Published: November 2008

AbstractIn an attempt to reduce the hemolysis caused by axial flow blood pumps, we investigated whether the specific speed should be kept within the standard engineering range or whether pump speed should be minimized, thus making the specific speed beyond the standard range. Four pumps with 11.8 mm diameter impellers were designed to accommodate a flow of 5 L/min and a head of 100 mm Hg. The pumps were tested at 4 speeds: A, 14,000; B, 18,000; C, 22,000; and D, 26,000 rpm. Pump performance data were obtained, and the maximum point of total pump efficiency was found for each pump. The maximum efficiencies were A, 50%; B, 58%; C, 52%; and D, 53%. The specific speed of each pump recorded at the maximum efficiency point was calculated as A, 899; B, 954; C, 1,218; and D, 1,951 rpm. Hemolytic tests were performed with fresh goat blood in a closed, mock‐loop circuit. Hemolytic indexes were A, 0.036; B, 0.22; C, 0.35; and D, 0.66. We have concluded that decreased hemolysis is correlated with a lower pump speed and that the specific speed for the lowest pump speed is less than the standard range. Having a specific speed outside the standard range was not correlated with reduced total pump efficiency.
Removal of Plasmodium falciparum–infected red blood cells from whole blood by leukoreduction filters
Authors: Cardo Lisa J. , Salata Jeanne , Wilder Donna 
Published: November 2008

BACKGROUND: There has been an unexplained decrease in the incidence of transfusion‐transmitted malaria in recent years. The decrease in incidence has paralleled the increasing use of leukoreduction filters. Malaria‐infected red blood cells (RBCs) share surface characteristics of hemoglobin S–containing cells. Because units collected from donors with sickle trait do not filter optimally due to adherence of RBCs to the filters, the possibility that malaria‐infected RBCs may also adhere to filters was investigated.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Malaria‐infected whole blood or calcium ionophore (A25187)‐treated and control RBCs were filtered with leukoreduction filters. Quantitation of malaria‐infected RBCs before and after filtration was performed by flow cytometry to determine the presence of DNA within RBCs, indicating malaria infection. Annexin V binding was also determined before and after filtration of RBCs treated with A25187. Immediately after filtration, filters were fixed and examined by scanning and transmission electron microscopy.RESULTS: There were at least three configurations of adherence of malaria‐infected RBCs demonstrated within the filters. The first was direct adherence of infected RBCs to filter fibers; the second involved adherence of malaria‐infected RBCs to platelets, which were adherent to filter fibers; and the third was adherence of infected RBCs to other RBCs. Filtration also resulted in preferential removal of phosphatidylserine (PS)‐expressing cells as seen by the reduction of annexin V binding after filtration. This was further confirmed by electron micrographic examination of the filters in which untreated RBCs sit within the filter resting on top of filter fibers; however, calcium ionophore–treated RBCs are seen to cling tightly to the fibers.CONCLUSIONS: PS expression by RBCs leads to their adherence within leukoreduction filters. Malaria‐infected RBCs are retained via more than one mechanism. The efficiency of removal requires further study.
Stylet penetration behavior of Myzus persicae related to transmission of Zucchini yellow mosaic virus
Authors: Symmes E. J. , Walker G. P. , Perring T. M. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThe direct current electrical penetration graph (DC‐EPG) technique was used to identify stylet penetration behaviors of Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Aphididae) that are related to successful acquisition and inoculation of the non‐persistently transmitted potyvirus, Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV), to melon, Cucurbita pepo L. (Cucurbitaceae). Stylet penetration behaviors of two sources of M. persicae that differ in their ZYMV transmission efficiency were examined to determine if behavioral differences were related to their differing ZYMV transmission efficiencies. Successful acquisition of ZYMV by M. persicae was significantly related to longer total time in intracellular subphase II‐3 of potential drops. Successful inoculation of ZYMV by M. persicae was related to a greater number of intracellular punctures, shorter durations of intracellular punctures, and longer total time in intracellular subphase II‐1. Of these variables that were related to ZYMV transmission, the two aphid sources differed in the total time spent in subphases II‐1 and II‐3. These results suggest that the differences in ZYMV transmission efficiencies between the aphids may be at least partially caused by behavioral differences during stylet penetrations of the host plant tissue, specifically behaviors that occur during intracellular punctures.
Starvation tolerance of macropter brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens, from temperate, subtropical, and tropical populations in East and South‐East Asia
Authors: Wada Takashi , Ito Kiyomitsu , Takahashi Akihiko , Tang Jian 
Published: November 2008

AbstractWe compared the starvation tolerance of macropter brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens Stål (Homoptera: Delphacidae), a characteristic favoring long‐distance migration, among populations collected from subtropical and temperate East Asia, tropical Indochina, and the Malay Peninsula. Starvation tolerance of planthoppers was significantly affected by climatic zone in which the planthoppers had been collected and by feeding duration after adult eclosion. After 24 h feeding on rice, newly emerged macropters originating from East Asia lived longer without feeding (starvation tolerance) than macropters from the tropical populations. The difference in longevity between the two groups of populations became more conspicuous when macropters fed on rice for 48 or 72 h, indicating that post‐eclosion feeding markedly increased starvation tolerance in East Asian populations relative to the tropical populations. These facts provide evidence that N. lugens populations that are adapted for long‐distance migration are distributed in subtropical and temperate East Asia. From the data on post‐eclosion feeding together with starvation tolerance, we discuss the timing of planthopper takeoff from paddies and the difference in resource allocation (vitellogenesis or stored resources) between East Asian and tropical populations.
The efficacy of oral irrigation in addition to a toothbrush on plaque and the clinical parameters of periodontal inflammation: a systematic review
Authors: Husseini A , Slot DE , Van der Weijden GA 
Published: November 2008

Abstract:  Aim:  The aim of this review was to systematically review the literature on the adjunctive effect of oral irrigation in addition to toothbrushing on plaque and clinical parameters of periodontal inflammation.Material and Methods:  Papers in the MEDLINE‐PubMed and Cochrane Central register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) databases up to January 2008 were searched to identify appropriate studies. Clinical parameters of periodontal inflammation such as plaque, bleeding, gingivitis and pocket depth, were selected as outcome variables.Results:  Independent screening of the titles and abstracts of 809 PubMed and 105 Cochrane papers resulted in seven publications that met the eligibility criteria. Mean values and standard deviations were collected by data extraction. Descriptive comparisons with brushing alone or regular oral hygiene are presented.Conclusion:  As an adjunct to brushing, the oral irrigator does not have a beneficial effect in reducing visible plaque. However, there is a positive trend in favour of oral irrigation improving gingivial health over regular oral hygiene or toothbrushing only.
Riboflavin‐induced Priming for Pathogen Defense in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Zhang Shujian , Yang Xue , Sun Maowu , Sun Feng , Deng Sheng , Dong Hansong 
Published: November 2008

Abstract Riboflavin (vitamin B2) participates in a variety of redox processes that affect plant defense responses. Previously we have shown that riboflavin induces pathogen resistance in the absence of hypersensitive cell death (HCD) in plants. Herein, we report that riboflavin induces priming of defense responses in Arabidopsis thaliana toward infection by virulent Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (Pst). Induced resistance was mechanistically connected with the expression of defense response genes and cellular defense events, including H2O2 burst, HCD, and callose deposition in the plant. Riboflavin treatment and inoculation of plants with Pst were neither active but both synergized to induce defense responses. The priming process needed NPR1 (essential regulator of systemic acquired resistance) and maintenance of H2O2 burst but was independent of salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, ethylene, and abscisic acid. Our results suggest that the role of riboflavin in priming defenses is subject to a signaling process distinct from the known pathways of hormone signal transduction.
Involvement of Polyamine Oxidase in Abscisic Acid‐induced Cytosolic Antioxidant Defense in Leaves of Maize
Authors: Xue Beibei , Zhang Aying , Jiang Mingyi 
Published: November 2008

Abstract Using pharmacological and biochemical approaches, the role of maize polyamine oxidase (MPAO) in abscisic acid (ABA)‐induced antioxidant defense in leaves of maize (Zea mays L.) plants was investigated. Exogenous ABA treatment enhanced the expression of the MPAO gene and the activities of apoplastic MPAO. Pretreatment with two different inhibitors for apoplastic MPAO partly reduced hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) accumulation induced by ABA and blocked the ABA‐induced expression of the antioxidant genes superoxide dismutase 4 and cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase and the activities of the cytosolic antioxidant enzymes. Treatment with spermidine, the optimum substrate of MPAO, also induced the expression and the activities of the antioxidant enzymes, and the upregulation of the antioxidant enzymes was prevented by two inhibitors of MPAO and two scavengers of H2O2. These results suggest that MPAO contributes to ABA‐induced cytosolic antioxidant defense through H2O2, a Spd catabolic product.
Construction of a Bacterial Artificial Chromosome Library of TM‐1, a Standard Line for Genetics and Genomics in Upland Cotton
Authors: Hu Yan , Guo Wang‐Zhen , Zhang Tian‐Zhen 
Published: November 2008

Abstract A bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library was constructed for Gossypium hirsutum acc. TM‐1, a genetic and genomic standard line for Upland cotton. The library consists of 147 456 clones with an average insert size of 122.8 kb ranging from 97 to 240 kb. About 96.0% of the clones have inserts over 100 kb. Therefore, this library represents theoretically 7.4 haploid genome equivalents based on an AD genome size of 2 425 Mb. Clones were stored in 384 384−
well plates and arrayed into multiplex pools for rapid and reliable library screening. BAC screening was carried out by four‐round polymerase chain reactions using 23 simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers, three sequence‐related amplified polymorphism markers and one pair of primers for a gene associated with fiber development to test the quality of the library. Correspondingly, in total 92 positive BAC clones were identified with an average four positive clones per SSR marker, ranging from one to eight hits. Additionally, since these SSR markers have been localized to chromosome 12 (A12) and 26 (D12) according to the genetic map, these BAC clones are expected to serve as seeds for the physical mapping of these two homologous chromosomes, sequentially map‐based cloning of quantitative trait loci or genes associated with important agronomic traits.
The Turning Factor in the Estimation of Stream‐Aquifer Seepage
Authors: Morel‐Seytoux Hubert J. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractA combined analytical‐numerical approach is presented to characterize properly the exchange flow between a stream and a hydraulically connected aquifer. It eliminates the need to use a three‐dimensional fine grid under and in the vicinity of the river cross section in order to obtain accurate results. Basically the approach matches an analytical solution in a vertical two‐dimensional (2D) plane with the numerical description of the aquifer behavior in a 2D horizontal plane. The approach is compared with a finite‐difference formulation such as used in MODFLOW.
Reconstruction of the Water Table from Self‐Potential Data: A Bayesian Approach
Authors: Jardani A. , Revil A. , Barrash W. , Crespy A. , Rizzo E. , Straface S. , Cardiff M. , Malama B. , Miller C. , Johnson T. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractGround water flow associated with pumping and injection tests generates self‐potential signals that can be measured at the ground surface and used to estimate the pattern of ground water flow at depth. We propose an inversion of the self‐potential signals that accounts for the heterogeneous nature of the aquifer and a relationship between the electrical resistivity and the streaming current coupling coefficient. We recast the inversion of the self‐potential data into a Bayesian framework. Synthetic tests are performed showing the advantage in using self‐potential signals in addition to in situ measurements of the potentiometric levels to reconstruct the shape of the water table. This methodology is applied to a new data set from a series of coordinated hydraulic tomography, self‐potential, and electrical resistivity tomography experiments performed at the Boise Hydrogeophysical Research Site, Idaho. In particular, we examine one of the dipole hydraulic tests and its reciprocal to show the sensitivity of the self‐potential signals to variations of the potentiometric levels under steady‐state conditions. However, because of the high pumping rate, the response was also influenced by the Reynolds number, especially near the pumping well for a given test. Ground water flow in the inertial laminar flow regime is responsible for nonlinearity that is not yet accounted for in self‐potential tomography. Numerical modeling addresses the sensitivity of the self‐potential response to this problem.
CYP1B1 expression promotes the proangiogenic phenotype of endothelium through decreased intracellular oxidative stress and thrombospondin-2 expression
Authors: Tang Yixin , Scheef Elizabeth A. , Wang Shoujian , Sorenson Christine M. , Marcus Craig B. , Jefcoate Colin R. , Sheibani Nader 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
Reactive species derived from cell oxygenation processes play an important role in vascular homeostasis and the pathogenesis of many diseases including retinopathy of prematurity. We show that CYP1B1-deficient (CYP1B1−/−) mice fail to elicit a neovascular response during oxygen-induced ischemic retinopathy. In addition, the retinal endothelial cells (ECs) prepared from CYP1B1−/− mice are less adherent, less migratory, and fail to undergo capillary morphogenesis. These aberrant cellular responses were completely reversed when oxygen levels were lowered or an antioxidant added. CYP1B1−/− ECs exhibited increased oxidative stress and expressed increased amounts of the antiangiogenic factor thrombospondin-2 (TSP2). Increased lipid peroxidation and TSP2 were both observed in retinas from CYP1B1−/− mice and were reversed by administration of an antioxidant. Reexpression of CYP1B1 in CYP1B1−/− ECs resulted in down-regulation of TSP2 expression and restoration of capillary morphogenesis. A TSP2 knockdown in CYP1B1−/− ECs also restored capillary morphogenesis. Thus, CYP1B1 metabolizes cell products that modulate intracellular oxidative stress, which enhances production of TSP2, an inhibitor of EC migration and capillary morphogenesis. Evidence is presented that similar changes occur in retinal endothelium in vivo to limit neovascularization.
Community-Based Nonwork Supports: Findings From the National Survey of Day and Employment Programs for People With Developmental Disabilities
Authors: Sulewski Jennifer Sullivan , Butterworth John , Gilmore Dana 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
This article presents findings on community-based nonwork (CBNW; activities that do not involve paid employment but take place in the community) from a 2001 survey of state intellectual disabilities/developmental disabilities agency directors. Survey responses indicated that CBNW is a considerable and growing part of the day services mix but that it is loosely defined with respect to requirements, activities, populations served, and goals. Although CBNW has the potential to enhance the lives of people with disabilities, these findings raise some concerns, including how quality can be assured when supports are loosely defined, how CBNW can be provided without taking resources away from supported employment, and whether community connections can be made when people are supported in groups.
Next Generation Mobile Internet – Network and Service PlatformDie nächste Generation des mobilen Internet – Netz- und Serviceplattform
Authors: Kellerer Wolfgang , Widmer Jörg , Berndt Hendrik 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
The Internet has become the main network technology supporting communications and Web services in all areas of our society. In order to perform this role efficiently, a fundamental redesign of the Internet architecture is being discussed. In particular, mobile devices and wireless access networks will constitute an important part of the Internet infrastructure. Based on a general discussion of requirements, this article focuses on the challenges of a next generation mobile Internet and discusses research approaches for mobility, addressing, heterogeneous access, and service platforms.
Spontaneous Virtual Networks: On the Road Towards the Internet´s Next GenerationSpontane Virtuelle Netze: Auf dem Weg zur nächsten Generation des Internets
Authors: Waldhorst Oliver P. , Blankenhorn Christian , Haage Dirk , Holz Ralph , Koch Gerald G , Koldehofe Boris , Lampi Fleming , Mayer Christoph P. , Mies Sebastian 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
Novel Internet applications demand global availability of complex services that can adapt dynamically to application requirements. At the same time, pervasive Internet usage and heterogeneous access technologies impose new challenges for service deployment. We present Spontaneous Virtual Networks (SpoVNet), a methodology that enables easy development of new services with transparent support for mobility, multi-homing, and heterogeneous environments. This article presents the overlay-based architecture of SpoVNet that supports the spontaneous deployment of new services as well as a seamless transition towards future networks. SpoVNet´s architecture offers support for the underlay aware adaptation of overlays by the use of cross-layer information. In the context of two exemplary services like a group communication service and an event service as well as two demanding applications – a realtime online game and a video streaming application – we illustrate how SpoVNet is of value in establishing services and applications for the Next Generation Internet.
The association of serum adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein with coronary artery disease in Korean adults
Authors: Rhee E J , Lee W Y , Park C Y , Oh K W , Kim B J , Sung K C , Kim B S 
Published: November 2008

ObjectivesAdipocyte fatty acid-binding protein (A-FABP), also known as aP2 or FABP4, is abundantly expressed in adipocytes and plays a role in glucose homeostasis. We analyzed the relationship between the coronary artery disease and serum FABP4 levels in Korean adults.MethodsIn a total of 234 Korean adults, in whom coronary angiograms were performed, anthropometric measurements were done and fasting glucose and lipid profiles were measured. Serum FABP4 levels were measured using ELISA. The presence of metabolic syndrome was diagnosed according to American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (AHA/NHBL) criteria with body mass index (BMI) substituted for waist circumference.ResultsAmong the subjects, 31.6% had diabetes, 46.9% had metabolic syndrome, and mean log (FABP4) levels showed significantly higher levels in subjects with diabetes. Among the subjects, 42.4% had normal coronary vessel, 34.6% had 1-vessel disease, 13.7% had 2-vessel disease, and 9.4% had 3-vessel disease. Among the parameters, mean age, fasting glucose, and log (FABP4) levels increased significantly as the numbers of stenotic vessel increased from normal to 3-vessel disease, and for FABP4, these significances showed a consistent trend for difference after adjustment for age, gender, BMI, and fasting glucose (P=0.072). Mean log (FABP4) level showed lower values in subjects taking aspirin, and higher values in subjects taking statin and anti-hypertensive drugs.ConclusionsSerum FABP4 levels increased as the numbers of stenotic coronary artery increased, although these differences were attenuated after adjustment for age and fasting glucose levels. Various anti-atherogenic medications showed different effects on the serum FABP4 levels, which need further investigation.