bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pyrrolidine Dithiocarbamate Prevents Deleterious Effects of Remote Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury on Healing of Colonic Anastomoses in Rats
Authors: Teke Zafer , Aytekin Faruk Onder , Kabay Burhan , Yenisey Cigdem , Aydin Cagatay , Tekin Koray , Sacar Mustafa , Ozden Akin 
Published: June 2007

AbstractBackgroundPyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) is a low‐molecular‐weight thiol antioxidant and potent inhibitor of nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) activation. It has been shown to attenuate local harmful effects of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in many organs. In recent animal studies, a delaying effect of remote organ I/R injury on the healing of colonic anastomoses has been demonstrated. In this study we investigated whether PDTC prevents harmful systemic effects of superior mesenteric I/R on left colonic anastomosis in rats.MethodsAnastomosis of the left colon was performed in 40 rats randomly allocated into the following four groups: (1) Sham‐operated group (group I, n = 10)—simultaneously with colonic anastomosis, the superior mesenteric artery and collateral branches divided from the celiac axis and the inferior mesenteric artery were isolated but not occluded. (2) Sham+PDTC group (group II, n = 10)—identical to sham‐operated rats except for the administration of PDTC (100 mg/kg IV bolus) 30 minutes prior to commencing the experimental period. (3) I/R group (group III, n = 10)—60 minutes of intestinal I/R by superior mesenteric artery occlusion. (4) PDTC‐treated group (group IV, n = 10)—PDTC 100 mg/kg before and after the I/R. On postoperative day 6, all animals were sacrificed, and anastomotic bursting pressures were measured in vivo. Tissue samples were obtained for investigation of anastomotic hydroxyproline (HP) contents, perianastomotic malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, myeloperoxidase activity (MPO), and glutathione (GSH) level.ResultsThere was a statistically significant decrease in anastomotic bursting pressure values, tissue HP content and GSH level, along with an increase in MDA level and MPO activity in group III, when compared to groups I, II, and IV (p < 0.05). However, PDTC treatment led to a statistically significant increase in anastomotic bursting pressure values, tissue HP content and GSH level, along with a decrease in MDA level and MPO activity in group IV (p < 0.05).ConclusionsThis study showed that PDTC treatment significantly prevented the delaying effect of remote organ I/R injury on anastomotic healing in the colon. Further clinical studies are needed to clarify whether PDTC may be a useful therapeutic agent for increasing the safety of the anastomosis during particular operations where remote organ I/R injury occurs.
A Life‐saving but Inadequately Discussed Procedure: Tube Duodenostomy. Known and Unknown Aspects
Authors: Isik Burak , Yilmaz Sezai , Kirimlioglu Vedat , Sogutlu Gokhan , Yilmaz Mehmet , Katz Daniel 
Published: June 2007

AbstractObjectiveThe most successful method of managing the difficult duodenum, including the stump leakage, has been the tube duodenostomy technique, but it has not gained wide acceptance and is rarely used. The purpose of this study is to describe the details of the procedure for indication, technical approach, and postoperative care.MethodsDuring the period from 1998 to 2006, a tube duodenostomy was performed in 31 patients for possible insecure duodenal stump closure during gastric resection, postoperative duodenal stump leakage, duodenal leak after primary closure of duodenum for perforation or injury, or anostomotic leak after choledochoduodenostomy. All of the tube duodenostomies were performed through the open end of the duodenum. We also inserted a T‐tube into the common bile duct in 19 of 31 patients (61.2 %) with tube duodenostomy.ResultsA tube duodenostomy was performed in the primary operation in 15 of 31 patients. None of those 15 patients required a second operation, and there were no leaks and no deaths. Among the larger group (31 patients), there was one (3.2 %) duodenal stump leak after tube duodenostomy, and it ceased spontaneously; one patient had a subhepatic collection after removal of the duodenostomy tube, and three patients had associated incisional infections. Two patients died; one after a myocardial infarction and the other from irreversible sepsis. The mean length of hospital stay was 26.9 days.ConclusionsWe conclude that tube duodenostomy is a simple, effective, and safe method to prevent rupture of an insecure duodenal stump or to treat the leakage from the duodenal stump or primary repair on the duodenum.
Endoscopic Thyroidectomy for Thyroid Malignancies: Comparison with Conventional Open Thyroidectomy
Authors: Chung Yoo Seung , Choe Jun‐Ho , Kang Kyung‐Ho , Kim Seok Won , Chung Ki‐Wook , Park Kyoung Sik , Han Wonshik , Noh Dong‐Young , Oh Seung Keun , Youn Yeo‐Kyu 
Published: June 2007

AbstractBackgroundEndoscopic techniques have recently been applied to thyroid surgery. We developed the bilateral axillo‐breast (BAB) approach for total thyroidectomy. The aims of this study were to evaluate the completeness of this approach for total thyroidectomy and to compare complications between endoscopic thyroidectomy and conventional open thyroidectomy.MethodsWe analyzed 198 patients who underwent open thyroidectomy and 103 patients who underwent endoscopic thyroidectomy for papillary thyroid microcarcinoma between January 2003 and June 2006 at Seoul National University Hospital. The postoperative thyroglobulin (TG) level was used to assess the completeness of the two methods. Complications such as hypocalcemia or vocal cord palsy were also evaluated.ResultsThe mean hospitalization period was 3.18 days following open thyroidectomy and 3.04 days after endoscopic thyroidectomy. The 3‐month postoperative TG levels were <1.0 ng/ml in 90.4% of patients after open total thyroidectomy and in 88.9% following endoscopic total thyroidectomy. Transient hypocalcemia occurred in 17.7% and 25.2% of patients, respectively. Permanent hypocalcemia occurred in 4.5% and 1.0% of patients, respectively. Permanent vocal cord palsy frequencies were 0.5% and 0%, respectively. There were no significant differences in postoperative TG levels, hypocalcemia, or permanent vocal cord palsy. Transient vocal cord palsy occurred in 2.5% of patients after open thyroidectomy and in 25.2% after endoscopic thyroidectomy (p < 0.0001), but it disappeared within 3 months. Cosmetic results were excellent after endoscopic thyroidectomy.ConclusionsThe bilateral axillo‐breast (BAB) approach for endoscopic thyroidectomy shows insignificant postoperative complications, except transient vocal cord palsy, as well as good cosmetic results. It is also a feasible method for total thyroidectomy. Therefore, the BAB approach for endoscopic total thyroidectomy can be the surgical treatment of choice for selected cases of thyroid cancer.
Infrarenal Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair: Time‐trends during a 20‐year Period
Authors: Berge Camilla , Haug Erik S. , Romundstad Pål R. , Lange Conrad , Myhre Hans O. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractBackgroundThe goal of the present study was to investigate the number of operations for abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) including time‐trends in treatment during a 20‐year period. Operating time and anesthesia time were also studied.MethodDuring the period 1983–2002, a total of 1,041 patients with AAA were treated with open surgery (905) or EVAR (136). Number of operations, type of graft, anesthesia time, and operating time were the variables investigated. Data were collected retrospectively from the patients’ medical records.ResultsThere was an increase in the number of operations both for ruptured and non‐ruptured AAA in men during the study period. Among women, an increase was observed only for ruptured aneurysm. Operating time and anesthesia time increased significantly during the 20‐year period. The number of patients treated by EVAR increased significantly, beginning in 1995.ConclusionsIn conclusion, there has been an increase in the number of AAA operations, and the proportion of patients treated with EVAR is increasing. Furthermore, we found an increase in both anesthesia time and operating time. These trends may be important for allocation of resources needed for the treatment of patients with AAA.
Prognosis of Patients with Benign Thyroid Diseases Accompanied by Incidental Papillary Carcinoma Undetectable on Preoperative Imaging Tests
Authors: Ito Yasuhiro , Higashiyama Takuya , Takamura Yuuki , Miya Akihiro , Kobayashi Kaoru , Matsuzuka Fumio , Kuma Kanji , Miyauchi Akira 
Published: June 2007

AbstractBackgroundDespite the recent wide availability of ultrasonography and fine‐needle aspiration biopsy, endocrine surgeons often encounter incidental papillary carcinoma (IPC), that is a papillary carcinoma that had gone undetected by preoperative imaging studies but was identified by pathological examination of surgical specimens resected for benign thyroid diseases.MethodsThe present study was developed to investigate the prognoses of 317 patients who underwent surgery for benign diseases involving IPC in comparison with the prognoses of 1,674 patients with clinically apparent papillary carcinoma detected preoperatively and diagnosed.ResultsNone of the patients underwent further surgery such as completion total thyroidectomy and node dissection immediately after the diagnosis of IPC. To date, 7 patients (2.2%) have had recurrences; 6 of those were locoregional recurrences and one was a bone metastasis. None of the patients have died of thyroid carcinoma. The disease‐free survival of IPC patients was significantly better than that of clinically apparent papillary carcinoma patients and was similar to that of the subset of patients with papillary microcarcinoma without clinically apparent metastasis.ConclusionsBecause IPC is associated with good prognosis, further surgery, such as completion total thyroidectomy or lymph node dissection immediately after the diagnosis of IPC is not necessary.
Qualitative Study of Suicidality and Help‐Seeking Behaviors in African American Adolescents
Authors: Molock Sherry Davis , Barksdale Crystal , Matlin Samantha , Puri Rupa , Cammack Nicole , Spann Marisa 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis qualitative study explores adolescents' perceptions of help‐seeking behaviors in the context of a hypothetical suicide crisis. Cauce and colleague's (2002, Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 70, 44–55) model was used to examine help‐seeking behaviors in 3 domains: problem recognition, decision to seek help, and selection of helpers. Forty‐two church‐going African American adolescents participated in 1 of 6 focus groups that discussed ways to help a hypothetically suicidal student in a vignette. Findings suggest that although the majority of youth had been exposed to a suicidal peer (76%), they were unsure of the seriousness of suicide as a problem in the African American community. The findings suggest that youth were less comfortable with formal interventions in school, religious institutions or traditional mental health settings. However, youth were open to community‐based programs that could be located in school, church or community settings if helpers were: young adults, empathic listeners, non‐judgmental, maintained confidentiality, and viewed as “natural helpers”. Implications for developing church‐based suicide interventions are discussed.
Family conditions and dietary control in phenylketonuria
Authors: Olsson G. M. , Montgomery S. M. , Alm J. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryObjectiveThis investigation is an attempt to describe coping with phenylketonuria (PKU) in order to understand some aspects underlying good compliance.MethodsThe coping concept was applied to PKU in two questionnaires. Self‐ and parental ratings were combined with assessments of phenylalanine levels and the severity of the disease. All Swedish patients with PKU born in 1980–91, a total of 53 children and youths with their parents, were invited to participate in the study and 41 (77%) of them did so.ResultsThe patients turned out to have good compliance with the diet. The main result was that patients with separated or divorced parents were more likely to have higher phenylalanine levels and this association was not diminished by adjustment for the potential confounding factors.ConclusionPatients’ need for support must be judged individually according to different family conditions.
Enzyme replacement therapy in 12 patients with MPS I–H/S with homozygous p.Leu490Pro mutation
Authors: Arora R. S. , Mercer J. , Thornley M. , Tylee K. , Wraith J. E. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryWe describe a cohort of 14 Hurler–Scheie patients homozygous for the p.Leu490Pro missense mutation in the α‐l‐iduronidase gene. Now based in the UK, they are all of Pakistani/Kashmiri descent; 64% were female; 11/14 (79%) had a sibling or cousin with MPS I and the parents are consanguineous in all cases. The median age at diagnosis was 1.8 years (range from antenatal diagnosis to 16.5 years). Twelve were on ERT with recombinant human α‐l‐iduronidase (IDUA; Laronidase, Genzyme) for a median duration of 22.5 months (range 2–71 months) and median age at commencement of ERT was 8.6 years (range 0.4–23.1 years). There was clear improvement in the size of liver and spleen as well as reduction in urine glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). The mean (range) urine GAG levels in mg/mmol creatinine were 63.4 (28.9–105.6), 28.3 (10.9–41.4), 22.8 (12.1–43.1), 15.7 (9.2–24.8) and 16.3 (10.1–21.0) at commencement, 3 months post ERT, 6 months post ERT, 12 months post ERT and 24 months post ERT, respectively. Effects on growth were not clear as there does not seem to be an obvious trend of increase or decrease in height after commencement of ERT and this seems to be the case regardless of the age at which ERT was started.
Upper airway obstructive disease in mucopolysaccharidoses: Polysomnography, computed tomography and nasal endoscopy findings
Authors: Santamaria F. , Andreucci M. V. , Parenti G. , Polverino M. , Viggiano D. , Montella S. , Cesaro A. , Ciccarelli R. , Capaldo B. , Andria G. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryIn mucopolysaccharidoses, upper airway obstruction has multiple causative factors and progressive respiratory disease may severely affect morbidity and mortality. In a cross‐sectional study over 2 years we evaluated upper airway obstructive disease through overnight polysomnography, upper airway computed tomography and nasal endoscopy in 5 children and 6 adults with mucopolysaccharidoses of various types. Measurements of apnoea and apnoea‐hypopnoea index, arousal index, and sleep efficiency were obtained through polysomnography. Retropalatal and retroglossal spaces were calculated through computed tomography, and the degree of adenoid hypertrophy was assessed through endoscopy. Apnoea index and apnoea‐hypopnoea index were significantly higher in children than in adults with mucopolysaccharidoses (p=.03 and p=03, respectively). Compared to healthy controls, retropalatal and retroglossal spaces were significantly smaller in children (p=03 and p=.004, respectively) or adults with mucopolysaccharidoses (p=.004 and p=.004, respectively). All subjects had adenoid hypertrophy causing first‐degree (36%) or second‐degree (64%) obstruction at endoscopy. Overnight polysomnography, upper airway computed tomography and nasal endoscopy are useful tools for diagnosing obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome in mucopolysaccharidoses, and identifying the site and severity of airway obstruction.
Quebec neonatal mass urinary screening programme: From micromolecules to macromolecules
Authors: Auray‐Blais C. , Cyr D. , Drouin R. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThe Quebec Mass Urinary Screening Programme, initiated in 1971, has resulted in the screening of more than 2 500 000 newborns in the province of Quebec for 25 inherited Mendelian disorders divided into two groups. The first group concerns urea cycle disorders (citrullinaemia, hyperargininaemia, argininosuccinic aciduria), ketotic hyperglycinaemia, and organic acidurias (methylmalonic aciduria, glutaric aciduria type I, etc.); the second group relates to disorders of amino acid metabolism (cystathioninuria, prolidase deficiency, etc.) and transport (Fanconi syndrome, cystinurias, Hartnup syndrome, etc.). The main goal of the Programme is to detect and prevent these genetic diseases, some detectable only in urine, before the onset of clinical symptoms. A multiplex thin‐layer chromatography methodology was developed, in which metabolites in urine are resolved and visualized by the sequential application of four different reagents to detect aminoacidopathies and organic acidurias. The technique is simple, reproducible, inexpensive and rapid, allowing the analysis of 500 samples daily by a single technician. The voluntary compliance of the parents is excellent, averaging 90% per year. Over the years, we have established a dynamic process, developing techniques or new reagents to detect as many treatable disorders as possible, now evaluating macromolecules associated with lysosomal storage disorders, mainly globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) for Fabry disease. We present here the methodology, infrastructure in place, results and recent statistics of the well‐established Quebec Mass Urinary Screening Programme. We also report a study by tandem mass spectrometric analysis of urinary Gb3 in Fabry disease for the follow‐up and monitoring of Fabry patients, as well as for its possible application to mass and high‐risk screening programmes.
The foraging behaviors of larvae of the ladybird beetle,Coccinella septempunctataL., (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) towards ant‐tended and non‐ant‐tended aphids
Authors: Suzuki Nobuhiko , Ide Toru 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe foraging behaviors of larvae of the ladybird,Coccinella septempunctataL., towards both the ant‐tended aphid,Aphis craccivoraKoch, and the non‐ant‐tended aphid,Acyrthosiphon pisumHarris, were investigated in the field and in laboratory experiments. Although there were no differences in the development and growth of the ladybird larvae that preyed on eitherAc. pisumorAp. craccivora, the foraging efficiency of the ladybird larvae that preyed onAp. craccivorawas higher than that of the ladybird larvae that preyed onAc. pisumin the absence of ants. This result was explained by the fact that the number ofAc. pisumthat escaped by dropping off the plant was conspicuously larger than the number ofAp. craccivorathat escaped in this fashion and derived from the non‐ant‐attendance associated withAc. pisum. In the laboratory experiments, fewer ladybird larvae climbed onto a plant withAp. craccivorain the presence of ants than onto a plant withAc. pisumin the absence of ants. The ladybird larvae did not switch from foraging forAp. craccivorato foraging forAc. pisum, even after suffering attacks by ants on a plant withAp. craccivora, and it would appear that ladybird larvae are unable to remember where they have previously been attacked by ants. These results could explain why the ladybird larvae in the field more frequently visitedVicia angustifoliaplants withAp. craccivorathan those withAc. pisumand made more visits when ants were absent than when they were present.
Blow-up solutions of the self-dual Chern–Simons–Higgs vortex equation
Authors: Choe Kwangseok , Kim Namkwon 
Published: June 2007

We apply the variational method and the blow-up analysis to the self-dual Chern–Simons–Higgs vortex equation on a flat torus to obtain two solutions for certain values of the Chern–Simons constant. As the corresponding Chern–Simons constant tends to zero, one of corresponding solutions converges to zero and the other blows up at only one point in the sense of Brezis–Merle provided that the total number of vortex is greater than 2. Further, the below-up solution is of spike type and becomes a critical point ofJ_{\mathrm{\varepsilon }}^{ + }when the total number of vortex is greater than 3. As a consequence, we show the existence of the third solution for some periodic configuration of vortices and some Chern–Simons constant.RésuméNous nous appliquons la méthode variationnelle et l'analyse d'explosion à l'équation auto-duale de vortex de Chern–Simons–Higgs sur un tore plat pour obtenir deux solutions pour certaines valeurs de la constante de Chern–Simons. Lorsque la constante correspondante de Chern–Simons tend vers zéro, une des solutions correspondantes converge vers zéro et l'autre solution explose en seulement un point dans le sens de Brezis–Merle à condition que le nombre de vortex total soit plus grand que 2. De plus, l'explosion est de type “pic” et, quand le nombre de vortex total est plus grand que 3, la solution est un point critique deJ_{\mathrm{\varepsilon }}^{ + }. Nous en déduisons l'existence d'une troisième solution pour une certaine configuration périodique des vortex et une certaine constante de Chern–Simons.
Green tea catechins suppress the DNA synthesis marker MCM7 in the TRAMP model of prostate cancer
Authors: McCarthy Susan , Caporali Andrea , Enkemann Steve , Scaltriti Maurizio , Eschrich Steve , Davalli Pierpaola , Corti Arnaldo , Lee Alice , Sung Jimmy , Yeatman Timothy J. , Bettuzzi Saverio 
Published: June 2007

AbstractGreen tea catechins (GTCs) exert chemopreventive effects in many cancer models. Several studies implicate the DNA synthesis marker minichromosome maintenance protein 7 (MCM7) in prostate cancer progression, growth and invasion; representing a novel therapeutic target. In this study, we investigated the effect of GTCs on MCM7 expression in the transgenic adenocarcinoma mouse prostate model (TRAMP). DNA microarray, immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis showed that GTCs significantly suppressed MCM7 in the TRAMP mice treated with GTCs. Our study indicates that the cellular DNA replication factor MCM7 is involved in prostate cancer (CaP) and MCM7 gene expression was reduced by GTCs. Together, these results suggest a possible role of GTCs in CaP chemoprevention in which MCM7 plays a critical role.
Self-sustained oscillations in variable-density round jets
Authors: NICHOLS JOSEPH W. , SCHMID PETER J. , RILEY JAMES J. 
Published: June 2007

The stability properties of round variable-density low-Mach-number jets are studied by means of direct numerical simulation (DNS) and linear stability analysis. Fully three-dimensional DNS of variable-density jets, with and without gravity, demonstrate that the presence of buoyancy causes a more abrupt transition to turbulence. This effect helps to explain differences between normal gravity and microgravity jet diffusion flames observed in the laboratory.The complete spectrum of spatial eigenmodes of the linearized low-Mach-number equations is calculated using a global matrix method. Also, an analytic form for the continuous portion of this spectrum is derived, and used to verify the numerical method. The absolute instability of variable-density jets is confirmed using Brigg's method, and a comprehensive parametric study of the strength and frequency of this instability is performed. Effects of Reynolds number, the density ratio of ambient-to-jet fluid (S1), shear-layer thickness and Froude number are considered. Finally, a region of local absolute instability is shown to exist in the near field of the jet by applying linear stability analysis to mean profiles measured from DNS.