bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kinetics of serum HER‐2/neu changes in patients with HER‐2‐positive primary breast cancer after initiation of primary chemotherapy
Authors: Mazouni Chafika , Hall Angeline , Broglio Kristine , Fritsche Herbert , Andre Fabrice , Esteva Francisco J. , Hortobagyi Gabriel N. , Buzdar Aman U. , Pusztai Lajos , Cristofanilli Massimo 
Published: December 2006

AbstractBACKGROUND.The purpose of the study was to determine the utility of quantitation of the extracellular domain (ECD) of the HER‐2/neu receptor in the serum for predicting response to treatment in patients with primary breast cancer receiving neoadjuvant therapy.METHODS.HER‐2/neu ECD was measured in sera obtained from 39 patients with HER‐2‐amplified stage II‐III primary breast cancer undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Patients were randomly assigned to either 4 cycles of paclitaxel followed by 4 cycles of fluorouracil, epirubicin, and cyclophosphamide (FEC) (n = 10) or to the same chemotherapy with simultaneous weekly trastuzumab for 24 weeks (n = 29). Changes in HER‐2 ECD were monitored with the Bayer HER‐2/neu assay over 6 months and correlated with pathological response to treatment.RESULTS.Before initiation of chemotherapy, 28.2% of patients had elevated concentration of the HER‐2 ECD (>15 ng/mL). The median baseline serum HER‐2 ECD concentration was 13.6 ng/mL (mean ± SD, 20.3 ± 35.5 ng/mL). A decrease in the median HER‐2 ECD levels from baseline to Week 3 and from baseline to Week 6 of chemotherapy was seen regardless of treatment regimen. No significant difference in baseline HER‐2 ECD levels was observed between the groups who achieved pathological complete response (pCR) and the group with residual disease (P = .41). However, a 9% drop from Week 3 to Week 6 after initial chemotherapy was predictive of pCR (P = .04).CONCLUSION.A decrease in serum HER‐2 ECD levels early during treatment was associated with pathological response in patients receiving primary chemotherapy, particularly trastuzumab‐based regimens. Serum HER‐2 ECD levels may serve to monitor neoadjuvant therapy in HER‐2‐positive primary breast cancer. Cancer 2007;109:487–495. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
Aporphine Alkaloid Synthesis and Diversification via Direct Arylation
Authors: Lafrance Marc , Blaquiere Nicole , Fagnou Keith 
Published: December 2006

AbstractPalladium‐catalyzed direct arylation of aryl chlorides, bromides and iodides has been applied to the preparation of new aporphine analogues including C2‐substituted aporphines by reaction with benzodioxole, pyridine N‐oxide and pyrazine N‐oxide. Successful application of direct arylation in these diversification reactions highlights its utility not only in convergent, but also in divergent synthesis. We also describe enantioselective syntheses of (R)‐nornuciferine and (R)‐nuciferine employing a catalytic asymmetric transfer hydrogenation in high yield and excellent enantiomeric excess. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Why promises and threats need each other
Authors: Reinders Folmer Christopher P. , Van Lange Paul A. M. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractDespite the pervasive use of promises and threats in social life, very little research has been devoted to examining the effectiveness of these interpersonal tactics in promoting cooperation in social dilemmas. Based on the Goal‐Prescribes‐Rationality principle, we hypothesized that cooperation should be most strongly enhanced when promises and threats are communicated in combination, rather than in isolation. Also, we hypothesized that the combination of promises and threats should be especially effective among individuals with prosocial rather than proself orientations. Two studies provided good evidence for the latter hypothesis, in that the combination of promises and threats was only effective in people with prosocial orientations, people who are concerned with equality and collective interest. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Experimental study of flue gas desulfurization using landfill leachate
Authors: Sang‐lan Ding , Shijun Su , Haiqing Wan , Jiahua Zhu 
Published: December 2006

AbstractBecause of the complexity of landfill leachate's composition, the reaction mechanism of SO2 in flue gas with landfill leachate was studied. The experimental results indicated that the factors influencing SO2 absorption efficiency using landfill leachate as the scrubbing medium were, in decreasing order of importance, pH, Fe2+, Mn2+, and Cl− as catalysts and the concentration of toluene and ethanol. Experiments showed that the pH of landfill leachate was the key factor governing both SO2 absorption and ammonia stripping. With the initial pH of 8.5, the terminal pH 6.0 and L/G ratio 3 L/m3, experimental results showed that average absorption efficiency of SO2 and the stripping efficiency of ammonia were 85 and 44%, respectively. The use of catalysts such as Fe2+ and Mn2+ was important for SO2 absorption when the pH value was below 7.0. The catalytic activity of Mn2+ was greater than that of Fe2+ although the reaction steps were very similar. Ethanol inhibits HSO3−/SO32− oxidation. The HSO3−/SO32− oxidation process improves the solubility of organics such as toluene in the leachate. The solute products of organics were water‐soluble and biodegradable and could be used as substrates for bacteria in the post biotreatment. The factorial experiment results showed the effect of Cl−, Fe2+, and Mn2+ as catalysts on the HSO3−/SO32− oxidation has a greater positive impact than ethanol's inhibitory effect on the HSO3−/SO32− oxidation. © 2006 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog 26:25–32, 2007
DWEPP: a dynamic soil erosion model based on WEPP source terms
Authors: Bulygina N. S. , Nearing M. A. , Stone J. J. , Nichols M. H. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractA new rangeland overland‐flow erosion model was developed based on Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) sediment source and sink terms. Total sediment yield was estimated for rainfall simulation plots from the WEPP field experiments as well as for a small watershed without a well developed channel network. Both WEPP and DWEPP gave a similar level of prediction accuracy for total event soil losses measured from both rainfall simulation and small watershed experiments. Predictions for plot and hillslope scale erosion simulations were in the range of expected natural variability. Sediment yield dynamics were plotted and compared with experimental results for plots and hillslope, and the results were satisfactory. Effects of cover and canopy on the predicted sediment yields were well represented by the model. DWEPP provides a new tool for assessing erosion rates and dynamics, has physically based erosion mechanics descriptions, is sensitive to treatment differences on the experimental plots and has a well developed parameter database inherited from WEPP. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Code‐aided Bayesian parameter estimation for multi‐carrier systems
Authors: Guenach M. , Simoens F. , Wymeersch H. , Steendam H. , Moeneclaey M. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractIn this paper, we present a theoretical framework for code‐aided synchronisation and channel estimation for multi‐carrier (MC) systems. Our endeavor is to exploit all available information from the received signal for the estimation of the unknown parameters. By means of the expectation‐‐maximisation (EM) formalism, we will show how soft information of the coded symbols computed by the detector can be combined with pilot symbols in a systematic and efficient manner in order to improve the overall system performance. The resulting code‐aided algorithm comes with a negligible increase in processing demands compared to its data‐aided counterpart, since the synchroniser and the estimator can be embedded in the iterative ‘turbo’ detector. For sake of simplicity, we develop our estimation framework for a simple orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) transceiver. As far as the estimation is concerned, extension to other MC set‐ups using more advanced detectors is conceptually very straightforward. Computer simulations show that the proposed algorithm outperforms the conventional data‐aided estimation algorithms. Copyright © 2006 AEIT.
Link adaptation for uplink MC‐CDMA systems
Authors: Cosovic Ivan , Kaiser Stefan 
Published: December 2006

AbstractIn this paper, a detailed investigation of the uplink multi‐carrier code‐division multiple‐access (MC‐CDMA) systems that employ link adaptation is conducted. Link adaptation makes use of knowledge of channel state information (CSI) at the MC‐CDMA transmitter. Depending on whether CSI is also available at the receiver, we distinguish two types of link adaptation approaches: (1) Exploitation of CSI at the transmitter and (2) exploitation of CSI at both the transmitter and the receiver. Theoretical analysis is conducted that shows that latter approach offers lower performance bounds. Based on this analysis multi‐user concepts are developed and their performance in fading channels is presented. Moreover, real channel estimation is considered in these investigations and the effects of different link adaptation techniques on the peak‐to‐average power ratio (PAPR) are shown. Copyright © 2006 AEIT.
Suppression of sidelobes in OFDM systems by multiple‐choice sequences
Authors: Cosovic Ivan , Mazzoni Tiziano 
Published: December 2006

AbstractIn this paper, we consider the problem of out‐of‐band radiation in orthogonal frequency‐division multiplexing (OFDM) systems caused by high sidelobes of the OFDM transmission signal. Suppression of high sidelobes in OFDM systems enables higher spectral efficiency and/or co‐existence with legacy systems in the case of OFDM spectrum sharing systems. To reduce sidelobes, we propose a method termed multiple‐choice sequences (MCS). It is based on the idea that transforming the original transmit sequence into a set of sequences and choosing that sequence out of the set with the lowest power in the sidelobes allows to reduce the out‐of‐band radiation. We describe the general principle of MCS and out of it we derive and compare several practical MCS algorithms. In addition, we shortly consider the combination of MCS sidelobe suppression method with existing sidelobe suppression methods.Numerical results show that with MCS approach OFDM sidelobes can be reduced significantly while requiring only a small amount of signalling information to be sent from transmitter to receiver. For example, in an OFDM overlay scenario sidelobes power is reduced by around 10 dB with a signalling overhead of only 14%. Copyright © 2006 AEIT.
Loading algorithms for adaptive SS‐MC‐MA systems over wireline channels: comparison with DMT
Authors: Crussière Matthieu , Baudais Jean‐Yves , Hélard Jean‐François 
Published: December 2006

AbstractIn this paper, we propose to combine adaptive loading principles with the spread‐spectrum multicarrier multiple access (SS‐MC‐MA) scheme. Such an approach has particular interests in the context of powerline communications (PLC), where the transmitter has not only to exploit robust transmission techniques, but has also to adapt the waveform to the channel response. We introduce finite‐granularity loading algorithms that dynamically handle the configuration of the system under power spectral density constraints. The presented algorithms assign subcarriers, spreading codes, bits and energy to each user in order to maximise either the data rate or the noise margin at a given target symbol error rate. These algorithms can actually be viewed as a widening of the classicalwaterfillingapproach in the case of an hybrid spread‐spectrum multicarrier system. Simulation results of the new scheme are presented for different measured PLC channels and are compared with those of the classical discrete multitone modulation (DMT) approach. It is shown that the adaptive SS‐MC‐MA scheme performs significantly better than DMT, due to its natural energy gathering capability. Adaptive SS‐MC‐MA then leads to a more efficient bits and energies distribution and constitutes a simple solution to reduce the quantification loss induced by the use of finite order modulations. Copyright © 2006 AEIT.
Experiments on space diversity effect in MIMO channel transmission with maximum data rate of 1 Gbps in downlink OFDM radio access
Authors: Taoka Hidekazu , Higuchi Kenichi , Sawahashi Mamoru 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThis paper presents experimental results on the space diversity effect in MIMO multiplexing/diversity with the target data rate up to 1 Gbps using OFDM radio access based on laboratory and field experiments including realistic impairments using the implemented MIMO transceivers with the maximum of four transmitter/receiver branches. The experimental results using multipath fading simulators show that at the frequency efficiency of less than approximately 2 bits/second/Hz, MIMO diversity using the space‐time block code (STBC) increases the measured throughput compared to MIMO multiplexing owing to the high transmission space diversity effect. At a higher frequency efficiency than approximately 2‐‐3 bits/second/Hz, however, MIMO multiplexing exhibits performance superior to that of MIMO diversity since the impairments using higher data modulation and a higher channel coding rate in MIMO diversity overcomes the space diversity effect. The results also show that the receiver space diversity effect is very effective in MIMO multiplexing for maximum likelihood detection employing QR‐decomposition and the M‐algorithm (QRM‐MLD) signal detection. Finally, we show that the real‐time throughput of 500 Mbps and 1 Gbps in a 100‐MHz transmission bandwidth is achieved at the average received Eb/N0per receiver antenna of approximately 8.0 and 14.0 dB using 16QAM modulation and Turbo coding with the coding rate of 1/2 and 8/9 respectively in 4‐by‐4 MIMO multiplexing in a real propagation environment. Copyright © 2006 AEIT.
The role of vascular risk factors in late onset bipolar disorder
Authors: Subramaniam Hari , Dennis Michael S. , Byrne E. Jane 
Published: December 2006

AbstractBackgroundThe association between late life depression and cerebro‐vascular risk and cerebro‐vascular disease is well established. Do similar links exist with late onset bipolar disorder?Aims and ObjectivesPatients with early onset (less than 60 years of age) bipolar disorder were compared with those of late onset (aged 60 and above) in relation to cognitive function, physical health and vascular risk factors.MethodCross‐sectional survey of elderly bipolar disorder patients (above 65 years) involved with secondary care mental health services. Thirty patients with early onset were compared with 20 patients with a late onset bipolar disorder. Diagnosis of bipolar disorder was according to ICD‐10 criteria and without an associated clinical diagnosis of dementia. Assessment of cognition included tests of frontal‐executive function, and cerebro‐vascular risk was quantified with the Framingham stroke risk score.ResultsThe late onset group had a higher stroke risk score than the early onset group, this difference persisting despite taking age and gender differences into account. However, late onset patients' cognitive function (including frontal lobe tests) and physical health status was no different to the early onset group.ConclusionThere is higher ‘cerebrovascular risk’ in elderly patients with late onset bipolar disorder, compared to patients with an early onset. This suggests that cerebrovascular risk may be an important factor for the expression of bipolar disorders in later life, and has significant management implications for older bipolar patients. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Expression profiling identifies microRNA signature in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Lee Eun Joo , Gusev Yuriy , Jiang Jinmai , Nuovo Gerard J. , Lerner Megan R. , Frankel Wendy L. , Morgan Daniel L. , Postier Russell G. , Brackett Daniel J. , Schmittgen Thomas D. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractmicroRNAs are functional, 22 nt, noncoding RNAs that negatively regulate gene expression. Disturbance of microRNA expression may play a role in the initiation and progression of certain diseases. A microRNA expression signature has been identified that is associated with pancreatic cancer. This has been accomplished with the application of real‐time PCR profiling of over 200 microRNA precursors on specimens of human pancreatic adenocarcinoma, paired benign tissue, normal pancreas, chronic pancreatitis and nine pancreatic cancer cell lines. Hierarchical clustering was able to distinguish tumor from normal pancreas, pancreatitis and cell lines. The PAM algorithm correctly classified 28 of 28 tumors, 6 of 6 normal pancreas and 11 of 15 adjacent benign tissues. One hundred microRNA precursors were aberrantly expressed in pancreatic cancer or desmoplasia (p < 0.01), including microRNAs previously reported as differentially expressed in other human cancers (miR‐155, miR‐21, miR‐221 and miR‐222) as well as those not previously reported in cancer (miR‐376a and miR‐301). Most of the top aberrantly expressed miRNAs displayed increased expression in the tumor. Expression of the active, mature microRNA was validated using a real‐time PCR assay to quantify the mature microRNA and Northern blotting. Reverse transcription in situ PCR showed that three of the top differentially expressed miRNAs (miR‐221, ‐376a and ‐301) were localized to tumor cells and not to stroma or normal acini or ducts. Aberrant microRNA expression may offer new clues to pancreatic tumorigenesis and may provide diagnostic biomarkers for pancreatic adenocarcinoma. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Long‐term depression requires postsynaptic AMPA GluR2 receptor in adult mouse cingulate cortex
Authors: Toyoda Hiroki , Wu Long‐Jun , Zhao Ming‐Gao , Xu Hui , Jia Zhengping , Zhuo Min 
Published: December 2006

AbstractSynaptic long‐term depression (LTD) is thought to be important for various brain functions such as learning, memory, and development. Although anterior cingulated cortex (ACC) has been demonstrated to contribute to learning and memory, no studies has been reported about the synaptic mechanisms for cingulate LTD. Here, we used integrative genetic, pharmacological and electrophysiological approaches to demonstrate that AMPA GluR2, but not GluR3, subunit is critical for cingulate LTD. We found that LTD was absent in adult cingulate slices of GluR2 knockout mice. Furthermore, postsynaptic injections of peptides that inhibit AMPA GluR2‐PDZ interactions blocked the induction of LTD. To determine if the requirement for AMPA receptor‐PDZ interaction is time‐dependent, we injected the same inhibiting peptide into the postsynaptic cells 5 min after the induction of LTD. We found that LTD was not affected by the peptide, providing the first evidence that postsynaptic AMPA GluR2‐mediated depression occurs rapidly (within t = 5 min). Genetic deletion of GluR3 did not affect cingulate LTD. Our results provide the first study of cingulate LTD mechanism using whole‐cell patch‐clamp recording in adult cortical slices and demonstrate that postsynaptic AMPA GluR2 subunit is crucial for synaptic depression in the ACC of adult mice. J. Cell. Physiol. 211: 336–343, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Salivary gland mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma in 2 patients with Sjögren's syndrome: Clinical and sonographic features with pathological correlation
Authors: Lewis Khari , Vandervelde Clive , Grace Richard , Ramesar Keith , Williams Michael , Howlett David C. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractWe report 2 cases of mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma of the salivary glands, complicating Sjögren's syndrome. The sonographic and histological features are described in depth. The use of sonography as a diagnostic aid in such patients is discussed. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 2007
Sonography of the rotator cuff in painful shoulders performed without knowledge of clinical information: Results from 58 sonographic examinations with surgical correlation
Authors: Moosmayer Stefan , Heir Stig , Smith Hans‐Jørgen 
Published: December 2006

AbstractPurpose.To assess the value of sonography as an isolated diagnostic test for the detection and quantification of rotator cuff tears.Methods.Preoperative sonographic examination was performed on 58 shoulders. Key biases on sonographic interpretation such as history‐taking, physical examination, or concurrent imaging examinations were excluded by way of blinding. Tears of the rotator cuff were the positive findings of interest. Assessment of tear size and localization was done sonographically, and the results were compared with operative findings.Results.All 24 full‐thickness tears observed at surgery had been diagnosed correctly via sonography. In 19 of 20 cases with an intact rotator cuff, preoperative sonography was negative. Thirteen of 14 partial‐thickness tears were not detected via sonography; 1 was misinterpreted as a full‐thickness tear. Location of the tears relative to the rotator cuff tendons was described correctly in 21 of 25 cases. For tear size measurement, the 95% range of agreement was less than ±1 cm.Conclusions.Blinded sonographic examination is effective in the detection and quantification of full‐thickness tears of the rotator cuff but lacks sensitivity in the detection of partial‐thickness tears. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 2007
Novel environmental toxins: Steryl glycosides as a potential etiological factor for age‐related neurodegenerative diseases
Authors: Ly P.T.T. , Singh S. , Shaw C.A. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis‐parkinsonism dementia complex (ALS‐PDC) is a unique neurodegenerative disease found on the island of Guam. This disease presents as a spectrum of neurological disorders characterized by features of ALS, parkinsonism, dementia, or a combination. The strongest epidemiological link has been to the consumption of the seeds from the cycad plant that purportedly contained a neurotoxin. Mice fed washed cycad flour show signs that mimic ALS‐PDC, which include progressive deficits in motor, cognitive, and olfactory functions associated with neuron loss in the spinal cord, nigrostriatal system, cortex, hippocampus, and olfactory bulb. Through a series of chemical extractions of washed cycad flour, we identified steryl glycoside molecules as bioactive molecules that are neurotoxic in culture and in mice. A detailed review of this class of molecule revealed that the molecules are abundant in the environment, particularly in plants and bacteria. Lipid analysis showed that some bacteria that are associated with some forms of neurodegenerative disorders have the capacity to synthesize steryl glycosides. Furthermore, certain steryl glycosides have been found to be a cell stress mediator and may have some immunomodulary effects. We hypothesize that steryl glycosides are putative neurotoxins involved in the etiopathogenesis of several age‐related neurodegenerative disorders. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.