bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Facilitators and barriers to vaccination uptake in pregnancy: A qualitative systematic review
Authors: Razai Mohammad S. , Mansour Rania , Ravindran Pahalavi , Freeman Samuel , Mason-Apps Charlotte , Morris Joan , Majeed Azeem , Ussher Michael , Hargreaves Sally , Oakeshott Pippa 
Published: April 2024

Introduction
Vaccination during pregnancy protects both the mother and the foetus from vaccine-preventable diseases. However, uptake of the recommended vaccines (influenza, pertussis, COVID-19) by pregnant women remains low in Europe and the USA. Understanding the reasons for this is crucial to inform strategies to increase vaccination rates in pregnant women. This qualitative systematic review aimed to identify the barriers and facilitators to vaccination against influenza, pertussis/whooping cough and COVID-19 during pregnancy and identify possible strategies to increase vaccination rates.

Methods
We conducted a comprehensive search of electronic databases, including Medline, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Web of Science, WHO database, Embase and grey literature to identify qualitative studies that explored barriers and facilitators to vaccine uptake among pregnant women (PROSPERO CRD42023399488). The search was limited to studies published between 2012 and 2022 conducted in high-income countries with established vaccination programmes during pregnancy. Studies were thematically analysed and underwent quality assessment using the Joanna Briggs Institute validated critical appraisal tool for qualitative research.

Results
Out of 2681 articles screened, 28 studies (n = 1573 participants) were eligible for inclusion. Five overarching themes emerged relating to personal, provider and systemic factors. Barriers to vaccine uptake included concerns about vaccine safety and efficacy, lack of knowledge about vaccines’ benefits and necessity, fear of adverse effects on the foetus or mother and low perception of disease severity. Facilitators included recommendations from trusted healthcare providers, easy access to vaccination, clear communication on the benefits and safety of vaccination, and positive social influences from family and friends. Strategies for increasing vaccination uptake included strong and proactive vaccine recommendations by trusted healthcare professionals, provision of vaccines during routine antenatal care, and clear and consistent communication about vaccines addressing pregnant women’s concerns.

Conclusion
This review highlights the need for interventions that address the identified barriers to vaccine uptake among pregnant women. Recommendation from a healthcare provider can play a significant role in promoting vaccine uptake, as can clear risk/benefit communication and convenient access to vaccination. Addressing concerns about vaccine safety and providing accurate information about vaccines is also important.
Surgical appropriateness nudges: Developing behavioral science nudges to integrate appropriateness criteria into the decision making of spine surgeons
Authors: Nuckols Teryl K. , Chen Peggy G. , Shetty Kanaka D. , Brara Harsimran S. , Anand Neel , Qureshi Nabeel , Skaggs David L. , Doctor Jason N. , Pevnick Joshua M. , Mannion Anne F. ,   Surgical Appropriateness Nudge Authorship Group
Published: April 2024

Background
Substantial variation exists in surgeon decision making. In response, multiple specialty societies have established criteria for the appropriate use of spine surgery. Yet few strategies exist to facilitate routine use of appropriateness criteria by surgeons. Behavioral science nudges are increasingly used to enhance decision making by clinicians. We sought to design “surgical appropriateness nudges” to support routine use of appropriateness criteria for degenerative lumbar scoliosis and spondylolisthesis.

Methods
The work reflected Stage I of the NIH Stage Model for Behavioral Intervention Development and involved an iterative, multi-method approach, emphasizing qualitative methods. Study sites included two large referral centers for spine surgery. We recruited spine surgeons from both sites for two rounds of focus groups. To produce preliminary nudge prototypes, we examined sources of variation in surgeon decision making (Focus Group 1) and synthesized existing knowledge of appropriateness criteria, behavioral science nudge frameworks, electronic tools, and the surgical workflow. We refined nudge prototypes via feedback from content experts, site leaders, and spine surgeons (Focus Group 2). Concurrently, we collected data on surgical practices and outcomes at study sites. We pilot tested the refined nudge prototypes among spine surgeons, and surveyed them about nudge applicability, acceptability, and feasibility (scale 1–5, 5 = strongly agree).

Results
Fifteen surgeons participated in focus groups, giving substantive input and feedback on nudge design. Refined nudge prototypes included: individualized surgeon score cards (frameworks: descriptive social norms/peer comparison/feedback), online calculators embedded in the EHR (decision aid/mapping), a multispecialty case conference (injunctive norms/social influence), and a preoperative check (reminders/ salience of information/ accountable justification). Two nudges (score cards, preop checks) incorporated data on surgeon practices and outcomes. Six surgeons pilot tested the refined nudges, and five completed the survey (83%). The overall mean score was 4.0 (standard deviation [SD] 0.5), with scores of 3.9 (SD 0.5) for applicability, 4.1 (SD 0.5) for acceptability, and 4.0 (SD 0.5), for feasibility. Conferences had the highest scores 4.3 (SD 0.6) and calculators the lowest 3.9 (SD 0.4).

Conclusions
Behavioral science nudges might be a promising strategy for facilitating incorporation of appropriateness criteria into the surgical workflow of spine surgeons. Future stages in intervention development will test whether these surgical appropriateness nudges can be implemented in practice and influence surgical decision making.
Production of Edible Film from Isolate Soy Protein with Addition of Palmitic/Lauric Acids
Authors: Muhammad Firnanda Rayyan , Paramita Vita 
Published: April 2024

Abstract – On the structure, physical and functional properties of soy protein isolate/sodium alginate films, the influence of chain length and concentration of various fatty acids (palmitic acid and lauric acid) was evaluated. The fatty acid content of the films was validated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The opacity of films treated with fatty acids increases with increasing fatty acid chain length or concentration. The ability of a film to act as a moisture barrier is strongly influenced by the type and concentration of fatty acids. Films impregnated with stearic acid outperform other films in terms of effectiveness. Compared with films integrating stearic acid, those containing lauric acid showed greater elongation at break. Insoluble particles and greater roughness were seen in scanning electron micrographs of films containing fatty acids. These findings suggest that appropriate fatty acids can be used to create biopolymer-based films with the required characteristics. From this research it was found that the most optimal conditions for making edible film made from protein isolate with the addition of lauric acid and palmitic acid are a fatty acid ratio of 2:3, drying at a temperature of 75°C and drying for 3 hours to obtain a tensile strength value of 0.97 MPa and elongation of 24%.
The analgesic effects of insulin and its disorders in streptozotocin‐induced short‐term diabetes
Authors: Basatinya Ali Mohammad , Sajedianfard Javad , Nazifi Saeed , Hosseinzadeh Saied 
Published: April 2024

AbstractEvidence suggests that insulin resistance plays an important role in developing diabetes complications. The association between insulin resistance and pain perception is less well understood. This study aimed to investigate the effects of peripheral insulin deficiency on pain pathways in the brain. Diabetes was induced in 60 male rats with streptozotocin (STZ). Insulin was injected into the left ventricle of the brain by intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection, then pain was induced by subcutaneous injection of 2.5% formalin. Samples were collected at 4 weeks after STZ injection. Dopamine (DA), serotonin, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and mitochondrial glutathione (mGSH) were measured by ELISA, and gene factors were assessed by RT‐qPCR. In diabetic rats, the levels of DA, serotonin, and mGSH decreased in the nuclei of the thalamus, raphe magnus, and periaqueductal gray, and the levels of ROS increased. In addition, the levels of expression of the neuron‐specific enolase and receptor for advanced glycation end genes increased, but the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein expression was reduced. These results support the findings that insulin has an analgesic effect in non‐diabetic rats, as demonstrated by the formalin test. ICV injection of insulin reduces pain sensation, but this was not observed in diabetic rats, which may be due to cell damage ameliorated by insulin.
Scattering threshold for the focusing energy-critical generalized Hartree equation
Authors: Almuthaybiri Saleh , Peng Congming , Saanouni Tarek 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This work investigates the asymptotic behavior of energy solutions to the focusing nonlinear Schrödinger equation of Choquard type

i

∂

t

u
+
Δ
u
+

∣
u
∣

p
−
2

(

I

α

*

∣
u
∣

p

)

u
=
0
,

p
=
1
+

2
+
α

N
−
2

,

N
≥
3
.

i{\partial }_{t}u+\Delta u+{| u| }^{p-2}\left({I}_{\alpha }* {| u| }^{p})u=0,\hspace{1.0em}p=1+\frac{2+\alpha }{N-2},\hspace{1.0em}N\ge 3.

Indeed, in the energy-critical spherically symmetric regime, one proves a global existence and scattering versus finite time blow-up dichotomy. Precisely, if the data have an energy less than the ground state one, two cases are possible. If the kinetic energy of the radial data is less than the ground state one, then the solution is global and scatters. Otherwise, if the data have a finite variance or is spherically symmetric and have a finite mass, then the solution is nonglobal. The main difficulty is to deal with the nonlocal source term. The argument is the concentration-compactness-rigidity method introduced by Kenig and Merle (Global well-posedness, scattering and blow-up for the energy-critical, focusing, non-linear Schrödinger equation in the radial case, Invent. Math. 166 (2006), no. 3, 645–675). This note naturally complements the work by Saanouni (Scattering theory for a class of defocusing energy-critical Choquard equations, J. Evol. Equ. 21 (2021), 1551–1571), where the scattering of the defocusing energy-critical generalized Hartree equation was obtained.
Transformative Repetitions
Authors: Garton-Eisenacher Alexander 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This article analyses the parallels between the pre-Qin Daoist notion of heng 恒 as a constancy that is nevertheless ceaselessly in motion, and Karl Barth’s concept of Beständigkeit as God’s constancy throughout infinite transformation. Underlying both concepts is an understanding of the ultimate origin (whether dao 道or the Christian God) as irreducibly temporal in nature. Stemming from this conviction, both systems of thought ultimately identify the continuous change of the ultimate origin with the flow of time in the universe. The commonalities found between these two traditions provide fresh resources to advance the study of both. On the one hand, Barth’s deliberate juxtaposition of contrary statements to illustrate the union of permanence and transience in Beständigkeit challenges the frequent assumption that similar juxtapositions in the pre-Qin texts comprise careless inconsistency or outright incoherence. By extension, Barth’s metaphysical underpinning of this juxtaposition offers a compelling framework to explicate the Daoist notion of heng. On the other hand, the pre-Qin texts’ confluence of permanence and freedom in the principle of ziran 自然 offers a new lens through which to read and hence redeem Barth’s oft-critiqued attempt to combine the irrevocability and ongoing freedom of God’s decision of election.
Integrating micro- and nanowaste glass with waste foundry sand in ultra-high-performance concrete to enhance material performance and sustainability
Authors: Zheng Dong , AlAteah Ali H. , Alsubeai Ali , Mostafa Sahar A. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The utilization of waste glass with micro- and nanoparticles in ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) has garnered significant interest due to its potential to enhance sustainability and material performance. This study focuses on the implications of integrating microwaste glass (MG) and nanowaste glass in the presence of waste foundry sand and its impact on the properties of UHPC. The particular emphasis of the current work is on compressive strength, tensile strength, sorptivity, and microstructure. It is found that MG enhances compressive strength, decreased tensile strength, reduced sorptivity, and a more compact microstructure. The results indicate that replacing cement with 20% microglass achieves the optimal compressive strength by increasing up to 11.6% at 7 days, 9.5% at 28 days, and 10.18% at 56 days. Nanowaste glass, owing to its increased reactivity and larger surface area, accelerates calcium silicate hydrate formation and improves compressive strength. At the same time, the effective utilization of nanowaste glass improves long-term resilience with an optimum compressive strength at 1.5% replacement ratios of 17.5, 18.9, and 16% at 7, 28, and 56 days, respectively. Splitting tensile strength increased by 16% at 20% MG and 21% at 1.5% nanowaste glass, respectively. Utilizing MG and nanowaste glass in UHPC with waste foundry sand is a promising method for boosting material performance and minimizing environmental impact.
Prevalence and characteristics of fibromyalgia according to three fibromyalgia diagnostic criteria: A secondary analysis study
Authors: Fors Egil A. , Wensaas Knut-Arne , Helvik Anne-Sofie 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Objective
The purpose of this study was to explore the prevalence of fibromyalgia (FM) according to different diagnostic criteria in a clinical sample and to explore the clinical characteristics in cases and non-cases by the diagnostic criteria used.

Methods
A sample of 182 participants, both positive (n = 120) and negative (n = 62) FM individuals according to a clinical, pragmatic classification was used. Their characteristics were explored according to three different FM diagnostic criteria, i.e., the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) 1990, ACR 2016, and APS Pain Taxonomy (AAPT), respectively. Thus, impact of FM (FIQ), symptoms of anxiety and depression (HADS), tender point (TP) counts, and mechanical pressure sensitivity (in kPa) were compared in cases versus non-cases depending on diagnostic criteria of FM used. Descriptive analyses used chi-square statistic for categorical variables and non-parametric Mann–Whitney U tests for continuous variables.

Results
From the clinical positive FM sample (n = 120), n = 99, 108, and 110 persons were diagnosed positive according to the ACR 1990, ACR 2016, and AAPT FM diagnostic criteria, respectively. All these three diagnostic tools discriminated FM positively from diagnostic FM non-cases when measuring TP-counts, mechanical pressures, and most FIQ-items, but they varied for anxiety and depression.

Conclusion
The prevalence of FM differed somewhat with the use of ACR 1990, ACR 2016, and the AAPT as diagnostic tools. The anxiety and depression symptoms differed significantly between cases and non-cases using some but not all the diagnostic criteria. Regarding other FM symptoms, e.g., TPs and most FIQ items, all diagnostic criteria contrasted case from non-case.
The Failure of Constructive Collective Action When We Need It Most
Authors: Cleary Seán M. 
Published: April 2024

The war in Ukraine, after President Putin’s invasion on 24 February 2022, violated Article 2 of the UN Charter, as well as peremptory rules of public international law. It also represents a failure by the states and international organizations that opposed Mr. Putin’s illegal act to deter the invasion and to meet their “responsibility to protect” Ukrainian civilians and civilian infrastructure after the invasion. It exposed our collective inability to manage complex circumstances to avert tragedy in a highly connected world. The reasons are clear: overconfidence bordering on hubris in the West in the aftermath of the collapse of the USSR in 1991, and neglect of the need to construct a viable security architecture in Europe, coupled with Mr. Putin’s revanchism and nationalistic hubris. Meanwhile, in October 2023, the United States was confronted with a second major war in the Middle East after Hamas breached the border with Israel on 7 October, and Israel counterattacked in force. The costs of a failure to construct the “two-state solution” to the Israel and Palestine conflict were highlighted again. Washington and its allies also risk “sleepwalking” into a similar unintended conflict with China through a series of reciprocal miscalculations. Our limited cognitive capability to address the challenges posed by the workings of complex systems and our reliance on linear, logical processes to devise policies, which are often distorted by fear and ambition in their execution, are inadequate in the context of complexity. The illusion of control of future circumstances that afflicts governance at all scales, sharpening conflict and fracturing even relatively mature national societies, is particularly dangerous in the context of the deep global connectivity effected in the past three decades. The asymmetry of a highly connected global economy and a deeply fractured global society has exposed the dysfunctionality of our international policy, triggering a symmetry break in the international rules-based order, and tipping the world system into a new meta-stable state in which the “West” is increasingly pitted against the “Global South.” Reconfiguration, based on humility and reflection, is urgently needed.
Understanding Disparities in the Pediatric ICU: A Scoping Review
Authors: Andrist Erica , Clarke Rachel G. , Phelps Kayla B. , Dews Alyssa L. , Rodenbough Anna , Rose Jerri A. , Zurca Adrian D. , Lawal Nurah , Maratta Christina , Slain Katherine N. 
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVESHealth disparities are pervasive in pediatrics. We aimed to describe disparities among patients who are likely to be cared for in the PICU and delineate how sociodemographic data are collected and categorized.METHODSUsing MEDLINE as a data source, we identified studies which included an objective to assess sociodemographic disparities among PICU patients in the United States. We created a review rubric, which included methods of sociodemographic data collection and analysis, outcome and exposure variables assessed, and study findings. Two authors reviewed every study. We used the National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities Research Framework to organize outcome and exposure variables.RESULTSThe 136 studies included used variable methods of sociodemographic data collection and analysis. A total of 30 of 124 studies (24%) assessing racial disparities used self- or parent-identified race. More than half of the studies (52%) dichotomized race as white and “nonwhite” or “other” in some analyses. Socioeconomic status (SES) indicators also varied; only insurance status was used in a majority of studies (72%) evaluating SES. Consistent, although not uniform, disadvantages existed for racial minority populations and patients with indicators of lower SES. The authors of only 1 study evaluated an intervention intended to mitigate health disparities. Requiring a stated objective to evaluate disparities aimed to increase the methodologic rigor of included studies but excluded some available literature.CONCLUSIONSVariable, flawed methodologies diminish our understanding of disparities in the PICU. Meaningfully understanding and addressing health inequity requires refining how we collect, analyze, and interpret relevant data.
Seismological Ground-Motion Models for Generic Hard-Rock Site Condition in Western Canada
Authors: Hassani Behzad , Atkinson Gail M. , Fairhurst Mike , Yan Li 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT
We develop ground-motion models (GMMs) to characterize the Fourier amplitude spectrum (FAS) for earthquakes in British Columbia (B.C.), Canada. GMMs developed for FAS are useful for understanding the underlying seismological parameters and can be transformed into GMMs for response spectral values for other applications (e.g., probabilistic seismic hazard analysis [PSHA]). The GMMs are calibrated using a compiled FAS database, referenced to a B.C. generic hard-rock site condition (shear-wave velocity ∼2285 m/s). The GMMs are developed separately for crustal, in-slab, transition, offshore, and Haida Gwaii events. The GMMs are calibrated using data mostly from M 2.5 to 5.5 earthquakes recorded at rupture distances of ∼50 to 500 km. Outside this range, the models are constrained by a seismological model supplemented with sparse observational data. The amplitude decay rate for crustal earthquakes in B.C. is very similar to that given by the empirical model of Bayless and Abrahamson (2018; hereafter, BA18), developed from California data on soil sites. However, we observe magnitude- and frequency-dependent differences between the models for ground-motion amplitude levels. We attribute these to (1) the different reference-site conditions of the models, with the B.C. GMMs being referenced to hard rock, and (2) steeper magnitude scaling at small-to-moderate magnitudes for events in B.C. in comparison to the BA18 model.
Cyclic Injection Leads to Larger and More Frequent Induced Earthquakes under Volume-Controlled Conditions
Authors: Kroll Kayla A. , Cochran Elizabeth S. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
As carbon storage technologies advance globally, methods to understand and mitigate induced earthquakes become increasingly important. Although the physical processes that relate increased subsurface pore pressure changes to induced earthquakes have long been known, reliable methods to forecast and control induced seismic sequences remain elusive. Suggested reservoir engineering scenarios for mitigating induced earthquakes typically involve modulation of the injection rate. Some operators have implemented periodic shutdowns (i.e., effective cycling of injection rates) to allow reservoir pressures to equilibrate (e.g., Paradox Valley) or shut-in wells after the occurrence of an event of concern (e.g., Basel, Switzerland). Other proposed scenarios include altering injection rates, actively managing pressures through coproduction of fluids, and preinjection brine extraction. In this work, we use 3D physics-based earthquake simulations to understand the effects of different injection scenarios on induced earthquake rates, maximum event magnitudes, and postinjection seismicity. For comparability, the modeled injection considers the same cumulative volume over the project’s operational life but varies the schedule and rates of fluid injected. Simulation results show that cyclic injection leads to more frequent and larger events than constant injection. Furthermore, with intermittent injection scenario, a significant number of events are shown to occur during pauses in injection, and the seismicity rate remains elevated for longer into the postinjection phase compared to the constant injection scenario.