bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Are Children of Moderately Low Birth Weight at Increased Risk for Poor Health? A New Look at an Old Question
Authors: Stein Ruth E. K. , Siegel Michele J. , Bauman Laurie J. 
Published: July 2006

OBJECTIVE. The goal was to examine whether moderately low birth weight children were at greater risk for health problems than normal birth weight children in a nationally representative sample of US children.METHODS. Data were analyzed for 7817 children, 0 to 12 years of age, from the sample child file of the 2002 National Health Interview Survey. Logistic regressions were estimated to examine whether morbidity rates were higher among moderately low birth weight children than among normal birth weight children and to control for covariates. Health was measured as having a special health care need, having a chronic condition, being hospitalized in the past year, having a learning disability, attention-deficit disorder/attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, or other behavioral disorders, having minor health conditions, and having acute illnesses.RESULTS. With control for other confounders, moderately low birth weight children were significantly more likely than normal birth weight children to be identified as having a special health care need, having a chronic condition, having a learning disability, and having attention-deficit disorder or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. They were not more likely to have a hospitalization in the past year, other behavioral disorders, or minor health conditions or acute illnesses.CONCLUSIONS. This population-based study of rates of current morbidity shows that moderately low birth weight children born since 1990 are vulnerable to a wide range of health, learning, and behavioral problems, compared with normal birth weight children. This suggests the need for continued focus on ways to reduce morbidity rates for moderately low birth weight children.
Pediatric Fireworks-Related Injuries in the United States: 1990–2003
Authors: Witsaman Rachel J. , Comstock R. Dawn , Smith Gary A. 
Published: July 2006

OBJECTIVE. Our goal was to describe the epidemiology of pediatric fireworks-related injuries among children aged 19 years and younger by using a nationally representative sample.DESIGN. We performed a retrospective analysis of data from the US Consumer Product Safety Commission's National Electronic Injury Surveillance System from 1990–2003.RESULTS. An estimated 85800 pediatric fireworks-related injuries were treated in US emergency departments during the 14-year study period. Injured children had a mean age of 10.8 years, and 77.9% were male. Fireworks users accounted for 49.5% of the injuries, whereas 22.2% of the injuries were to bystanders; however, user status could not be determined in 28.3% of cases. The overall fireworks-related injury rate decreased significantly during the study period, but subgroup analysis did not indicate consistent declines among all ages and types of fireworks. Injuries were most commonly caused by firecrackers (29.6%), sparklers/novelty devices (20.5%), and aerial devices (17.6%). The most commonly injured body sites were the eyeball (20.8%), face (20.0%), and hands (19.8%), and the most common injury type was burns (60.3%). Approximately 91.6% of all children with fireworks-related injuries were treated and released from hospital emergency departments, 5.3% were admitted, and 2.3% were transferred to another institution. Bystanders accounted for 13.3% of admitted cases and 20.6% of transferred cases.CONCLUSIONS. Consumer fireworks cause serious preventable injuries among pediatric fireworks users and bystanders in the United States. Parents should be advised to take their children to safer public fireworks displays rather than allowing consumer fireworks to be used by or near their children. A national restriction of consumer fireworks, in accordance with the policy recommendations of the American Academy of Pediatrics, should be implemented to reduce the burden of fireworks-related injuries among children.
Concentrations of 15F2t isoprostane in urine of dogs with intervertebral disk disease
Authors: McMichael Maureen A. , Ruaux Craig G. , Baltzer Wendy I. , Kerwin Sharon C. , Hosgood Giselle L. , Steiner Jörg M. , Williams David A. 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Objective—To measure 15F2t isoprostane concentrations in the urine of dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy (OHE) and dogs undergoing surgery because of intervertebral disk disease (IVDD) and to assess relationships between urinary concentrations of 15F2t isoprostanes and neurologic score in dogs with IVDD.
Animals—11 dogs undergoing OHE and 32 dogs with IVDD undergoing hemilaminectomy.
Procedures—Paired urine samples were obtained at induction of anesthesia and approximately 1 hour after OHE (controls) and were collected from dogs with IVDD at induction of anesthesia (28 samples) and approximately 1 hour after hemilaminectomy (31 samples); 26 paired urine samples were obtained from dogs with IVDD. Urinary isoprostane concentrations were measured by use of a commercial ELISA, and results were adjusted on the basis of urinary creatinine concentrations. Differences in the mean isoprostane-to-creatinine ratio were analyzed. Neurologic score was determined in dogs with IVDD by use of the modified Frankel scoring system.
Results—Urinary isoprostane-to-creatinine ratios were significantly higher in dogs with IVDD than in control dogs before and after surgery. There was no significant difference between values before and after surgery for either group. There was a significant correlation of neurologic score and urinary isoprostane-to-creatinine ratio because dogs that had higher neurologic scores (ie, less severely affected) generally had higher isoprostane-to-creatinine ratios.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Urinary isoprostane-to-creatinine ratios were higher in dogs with IVDD before and after surgery. Analysis of these data suggests that dogs with IVDD are in a state of oxidative stress and that preemptive treatment with antioxidants warrants further investigation.
Outdoor fecal deposition by free-roaming cats and attitudes of cat owners and nonowners toward stray pets, wildlife, and water pollution
Authors: Dabritz Haydee A. , Atwill E. Robert , Gardner Ian A. , Miller Melissa A. , Conrad Patricia A. 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Objective—To estimate cat population size, management, and outside fecal deposition and evaluate attitudes of cat owners and nonowners to stray animal control, water pollution, and wildlife protection.
Design—Cross-sectional survey.
Sample Population—294 adult residents of Cayucos, Los Osos, and Morro Bay, Calif.
Procedures—Telephone survey.
Results—The region's cat population was estimated at 7,284 owned and 2,046 feral cats, and 38% of surveyed households owned a mean of 1.9 cats/household. Forty-four percent of cats defecated outside >75% of the time. Annual fecal deposition (wet weight) by owned cats in the 3 communities was estimated to be 77.6 tonnes (76.4 tons). Cat owners were more likely to oppose cat licensing and impounding stray cats and support trap-neuter-return for stray cats and less likely to be concerned about water pollution, than were noncat owners.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Feral cats represented a sizeable proportion (22%) of the free roaming cats in this area and could be contributing 30.0 tonnes (29.5 tons) of feces to the environment per year. However, feral cats are not the principal source of fecal loading because owned cats defecating outdoors contribute an estimated 77.6 tonnes (76.4 tons) or 72% of the annual outdoor fecal deposition.
Association study of CHRFAM7A copy number and 2bp deletion polymorphisms with schizophrenia and bipolar affective disorder
Authors: Flomen Rachel H. , Collier David A. , Osborne Sarah , Munro Janet , Breen Gerome , St Clair David , Makoff Andrew J. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractSchizophrenia and bipolar disorder are major psychiatric diseases that have a strong genetic element. Markers in the vicinity of the CHRNA7 gene at 15q13‐q14 have been linked with an endophenotype of schizophrenia, P50 sensory gating disorder, with schizophrenia itself and with bipolar disorder. We have measured the copy number of the polymorphic partial duplication of CHRNA7 (CHRFAM7A) and genotyped a polymorphic 2bp deletion within exon 6 of CHRFAM7A. In this study, 208 probands with a primary diagnosis of schizophrenia, 217 with a diagnosis of bipolar affective disorder and 28 with schizoaffective or other psychotic disorders were examined together with 197 controls recruited from the same region in Scotland. No significant association was seen for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder by genotype or allele overall for either polymorphism, but a mildly significant association by genotype (P = 0.04) was observed for absence of CHRFAM7A when the sample was analyzed as a single psychosis phenotype. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Einelektronenreaktionen von Übergangsmetallkomplexen in der radikalischen Polymerisation
Authors: Poli Rinaldo 
Published: July 2006

AbstractKontrollierte radikalische Polymerisationen sind vor allem dank der Entwicklung effizienter Übergangsmetallkatalysatoren für die radikalische Atomtransferpolymerisation möglich geworden. Eine weitere Methode zur kontrollierten radikalischen Polymerisation ist die metallorganische Radikalpolymerisation, bei der es zur reversiblen Bildung von Metall‐Kohlenstoff‐Bindungen kommt. Übergangsmetallkomplexe können außerdem katalytische Kettentransfers bewirken, einen Prozess, der unter Abstraktion von Wasserstoffatomen verläuft. Dieser Kurzaufsatz diskutiert die Rolle von Einelektronenreaktionen von Übergangsmetallkomplexen bei metallvermittelten kontrollierten radikalischen Polymerisationen.
An Adaptive Test for a Subset of Coefficients in a Multivariate Regression Model
Authors: O'Gorman Thomas W. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractAn adaptive multivariate test is proposed for a subset of regression coefficients in a linear model. This adaptive method uses the studentized deleted residuals to calculate an appropriate weight for each observation. The weights are then used to compute Wilk's lambda for the weighted model. The adaptive test is performed by permuting the independent variables corresponding to those parameters that are assumed to equal zero in the null hypothesis. The permuted variables are then weighted to obtain a permutation test statistic that is used to estimate the p ‐value. An example is presented of a multivariate regression that uses systolic and diastolic blood pressure as dependent variables with age and body mass index as independent variables. The simulation results show that the adaptive test maintains its size for the three multivariate error distributions that were used in the study. For normal error models the power of the adaptive test nearly equaled that of the non‐adaptive test. For models that used non‐normal errors the adaptive test was considerably more powerful than the traditional non‐adaptive test. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Endovascular stent‐grafts treatment in acute aortic dissection (type B): Clinical outcomes during early, late, or chronic phases
Authors: Chen Shaoliang , Yei Fei , Zhou Ling , Luo Jun , Zhang Junjie , Shan Shoujie , Tian Nailiang , Kwan Tak W. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractObjective: This is a prospective study to evaluate the clinical outcomes of endovascular repair in patients with different phases of type B aortic dissection. Background: Endovascular repairing with stent‐grafts is an innovative technique for type B acute aortic dissection. There is no previous study regarding outcomes in different time phases. Methods: Sixty‐two patients underwent endovascular stent‐grafts. There were 23 in the early phase (<24 hr), 20 in the late phase (≥24 hr to 2 weeks), and 19 in the chronic phase (>2 weeks). Results: The early phase group had the lowest ratio of stent‐grafts to patient and the shortest stent‐graft length. The chronic phase group had the largest diameter of false lumen. The technical success rate was 100%; no patient died within hospital. Three patients died within 30 days, with the same death rate in every group. Compared with acute patients, the chronic group had a higher volume of contrast, a higher creatinine post‐procedure, and a higher incidence of contrast‐induced nephropathy. Multiple regression analysis demonstrated that creatinine and endoleak were independent factors in predicting late death (95% CI, 3.4–26%, P < 0.01). The overall cardiovascular event‐free survival was 88.9% ± 2.1% at 30 days, 87.2% ± 4.1% at 1 year, and 81.4% ± 6.3% at 2 years. CT angiography identified the complete or partial thrombosis of the false lumen to be 95.7%. Conclusions: Endovascular repairing with stent‐graft is safe, feasible, and able to treat type B aortic dissection in all phases. However, chronic renal dysfunction was an independent factor which contributed to a lower survival rate of chronic phase patients. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Self‐assembly of multinuclear complexes with enantiomerically pure chiral binaphthoxy imine ligands: Effect of the alkyl spacer connecting two binaphthyl units on the metal binding
Authors: Maeda Takeshi , Furusho Yoshio , Shiro Motoo , Takata Toshikazu 
Published: July 2006

AbstractMetal complexing behavior of enantiomerically pure α,ω‐diiminoalkanes possessing the two terminal binaphthyl units (L1 and L2) was studied. The ligands L1 and L2 were prepared by the reaction of optically pure 2′‐butoxy‐3‐formyl‐2‐hydroxy‐1,1′‐binaphthyl with propane and pentane diamines. Reactions of L1 and L2 with equimolar amount of Cu(OAc)2 afforded quantitatively multinuclear complexes 1. The structure of 1 was confirmed by MALDI–TOF MS spectroscopy, X‐ray single‐crystal‐structure analysis, and UV/vis and CD spectroscopic analyses. The reaction of L1 having a 1,3‐propanediyl spacer resulted in the formation of a self‐assembled product, which was assigned as enantiopure trinuclear circular helicate 1a, while the ligand having a 1,5‐pentanediyl spacer L2 gave a different self‐assembled product, dinuclear side‐by‐side complex 1b. The circular dichroism (CD) spectrum of 1a in solution showed intense Cotton effects in both the π–π* transition of the naphthalene units and the LMCT region of the N,O‐chelate moieties. The CD spectrum of 1b was completely different from that of 1a; in particular the Cotton effects in the LMCT region were very weak, contrary to those of 1a. These results suggest that 1a retains some chirality induced on the N,O‐chelating moieties even in solution, while the induced chirality on the N,O‐chelating moieties in 1b is not very significant, being consistent with the consequences of the X‐ray single‐crystal‐structure studies. Chirality, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis and Mesomorphic Properties of Some ω ′‐Alkoxy‐ω‐benzoxypolyfluorotolane Compounds
Authors: Qing Chuan , Rong Guo‐Bin , Yu Hong‐Bin , Wen Jian‐Xun 
Published: July 2006

AbstractFour homologue series of 4‐cyano‐ and 4‐nitro‐substituted benzoate‐tolanes were synthesized and characterized by IR, NMR, MS spectra and elemental analysis. Their phase transition behaviors were investigated by DSC and polarized optical microscope. The effects on the mesomorphic properties of different positions of the perfluorophenyl in the molecular core unit, the terminal cyano‐substituted systems and the terminal nitro‐substituted ones were discussed.
Imino Diels‐Alder Reaction Catalyzed by Iodine: Efficient Synthesis of Tetrahydroquinolines
Authors: Li Yun‐Cheng , Zhang Jun‐Min , Dong Li‐Ting , Yan Ming 
Published: July 2006

AbstractIodine was found to be an efficient catalyst for the imino Diels‐Alder reaction ofN‐arylimine with enol ethers to provide tetrahydroquinolines in good yields. The influence of the loading of iodine, reaction solvent, the structure of imine and enol ethers was studied. One pot synthesis of tetrahydroquinolines from aldehyde, aniline and enol ethers catalyzed by iodine was also applicable and provided tetrahydroquinolines in comparable yields. Mild reaction conditions, facile experimental procedure, low price of iodine and good yield of products render this new method attractive for practical synthesis of many tetrahydroquinoline derivatives.
Sonochemical Method for the Preparation of Hollow SnO2 Microspheres
Authors: Zhang Xia , Zhao Yan‐Bao , Tao Xiao‐Jun , Wu Zhi‐Shen , Zhang Ping‐Yu , Zhang Zhi‐Jun 
Published: July 2006

AbstractA simple sonochemical route has been successfully developed to synthesize SnO2 hollow microspheres. The obtained sample is characterized by XRD, TEM, XPS and UV‐visible spectrophotometer. The TEM image of the sample at high magnification shows that the shell of the hollow sphere is composed of 3–5 nm SnO2 nanoparticles. A possible formation mechanism of the hollow spheres is briefly discussed.
Targeting epigenetic abnormalities with histone deacetylase inhibitors
Authors: Conley Barbara A. , Wright John J. , Kummar Shivaani 
Published: July 2006

AbstractBACKGROUND.Alterations in chromosome structure play critical roles in the control of gene transcription. These “epigenetic” alterations include modification of histones and other proteins by acetylation and/or phosphorylation. Normally, these modifications are balanced finely and are highly reversible in normal tissues, but they may be imbalanced and heritable in tumor cells. Histone deacetylase inhibitors increase histone acetylation, thereby modulating the expression of a subset of genes in a coordinated fashion. Several tumor suppressor genes associated with the malignant phenotype are repressed by epigenetic mechanisms in sporadic cancers. Thus, therapy with histone deacetylase inhibitors may alter tumor phenotype to inhibit growth in such tumors.METHODS.The authors reviewed the rationale for histone deacetylase inhibitors as potential anticancer agents and reviewed some preclinical and early clinical trial data with various classes of histone deacetylase inhibitors.RESULTS.Preclinical and clinical antitumor activity has been observed. Toxicities include fatigue, myelosuppression, and cardiac abnormalities.CONCLUSIONS.Histone deacetylase inhibitors have shown promising activity in some solid tumors and hematologic malignancies. Cancer 2006. Published 2006 by the American Cancer Society.
Prognostic role of p27Kip1 deregulation in colorectal cancer
Authors: Hershko Dan D. , Shapira Ma'anit 
Published: July 2006

Abstractp27Kip1, an inhibitor of cyclin‐dependent kinases, is a negative cell cycle regulator that plays an important role in tumor suppression. Deregulation of p27 is commonly observed in many human cancers secondary to enhanced ubiquitin‐mediated degradation, mediated and rate‐limited by its specific ubiquitin ligase subunits Skp2 and Cks1. In the present study the prognostic implications of p27 and the mechanisms that down‐regulate its expression in colorectal cancer (CRC) are reviewed. A review and analysis of the English literature was conducted. Loss of p27 was strongly associated with aggressive tumor behavior and poor clinical outcome in CRC. Overexpression of Skp2 and Cks1 was observed in aggressive CRC and is responsible for down‐regulation of p27 levels. Both Skp2 and Cks1 were found to be independent prognostic markers for survival and provide predictive information additional to that provided by p27 alone. Deregulation of p27 has a profound effect on tumor progression in CRC and was found to be an accurate and independent prognostic marker. Thus, determination of levels of p27 and of its ubiquitin ligase subunits by readily available immunohistochemical studies may be a useful tool in the assessment of prognosis, especially in patients with intermediate disease, and may potentially assist in the planning of adjuvant therapy and development of novel interventional therapy. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
Multiple approaches to formation processes: The Pine Spring Site, southwest Wyoming
Authors: Kelly Robert L. , Byers David A. , Eckerle William , Goldberg Paul , Haynes C. Vance , Larsen R. Mark , Laughlin John , Mead Jim I. , Wall Sage 
Published: July 2006

AbstractExcavations in 1964 at the Pine Spring site in southwest Wyoming concluded that the site contains three cultural occupation levels; the earliest allegedly dates to the terminal Pleistocene and is associated with megafauna. However, excavations in 1998 and 2000, and analysis of the stratigraphy, AMS dates, micromorphology, and artifact carbonate isotopes, along with debitage refitting, density, orientation, inclination, burning, and trample damage, could not replicate the 1964 findings. A hiatus in deposition accounts for the highest density of artifacts, and the three original occupations are palimpsests. There is no unequivocal association between evidence of human activity and megafaunal remains. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Identification and functional analysis of a human homologue of the monkey replication origin ors8
Authors: Callejo Mario , Sibani Sahar , Di Paola Domenic , Price Gerald G. , Zannis‐Hadjopoulos Maria 
Published: July 2006

AbstractWe previously isolated from African green monkey (CV‐1) cells a replication origin, ors8, that is active at the onset of S‐phase. Here, its homologous sequence (hors8, accession number: DQ230978) was amplified from human cells, using the monkey‐ors8‐specific primers. Sequence alignment between the monkey and the human fragment revealed a 92% identity. Nascent DNA abundance analysis, involving quantification by real‐time PCR, indicated that hors8 is an active replication origin, as the abundance of nascent DNA from a genomic region containing it was 97‐fold higher relative to a non‐origin region in the same locus. Furthermore, the data showed that the hors8 fragment is capable of supporting the episomal replication of its plasmid, when cloned into pBlueScript (pBS), as assayed by the DpnI resistance assay after transfection of HeLa cells. A quantitative chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay, using antibodies against Ku, Orc2, and Cdc6, showed that these DNA replication initiator proteins were associated in vivo with the human ors8 (hors8). Finally, nascent DNA abundance experiments from human cells synchronized at different phases of the cell cycle revealed that hors8 is a late‐firing origin of DNA replication, having the highest activity 8 h after release from late G1. J. Cell. Biochem. 99: 1606–1615, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.