bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seed Molecule-Guided Strategy Facilitates the Precise Identification of "Hidden" Polymer Breakdown Products
Authors: FANG MINGLIANG , Shi Changzhi , Chen Xing , Yang Jing , Liu Min , Guo Ao , Zhao Feng , Zhao Ailin , Chen Xiaojia , Wang Mengjing , Wang Fengbang , Song Maoyong , Wang Zimeng , Chen Jianmin 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Microplastics (MPs) are synthetic polymers that cause severe environmental pollution. However, most studies have primarily focused on the polymers themselves and little information is available regarding their breakdown products during environmental and biological processes. Identifying them is challenging due to structural diversity, especially with variations in both degree of polymerization (DP) and end-group modifications. In this study, we developed a non-targeted platform, named "Oligomer-Finder", which utilizes the liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) for the screening and annotation of oligomers. Oligomer-Finder is based on the characteristics of oligomers, including repeated neutral losses (rNL), relationship between retention time (RT) and DP, and the mass of end groups (EG). The annotation from mass to structure was aided by custom-built polymer oligomer database (PODB) and oligomer end-group databases (OEGDBs). "Oligomer-Finder" identified dozens of unreported polymer oligomers with various end structures modified by nucleophiles in environmental and biological samples. Additionally, it revealed hundreds of mass spectrometry (MS) features representing unknown polymer breakdown products. Using poly (lactic acid) (PLA) as a model biodegradable plastic, the covalent modification of proteins by oligomers was first discovered, suggesting their biological activity. Our results demonstrate that "Oligomer-Finder" with user-friendly interface can effectively pinpoint oligomers and substantially expand unknown polymer breakdown products, allowing a life-cycle risk assessment.
A New Inverse Lomax Weibull-G Family of Distributions with Application To Carbon Fibre Data
Authors: Falgore Jamilu Yunusa , Yahaya Abubakar , Doguwa Sani Ibrahim , Mohammed Aminu Suleiman , Imam Abdussamad Tanko 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
A new family of distributions called Inverse Lomax Weibull G (ILWG) based on the Inverse Lomax G by [1] and Weibull G by [2] was proposed. Exponential distribution was used as a member of this family to demonstrate the applicability of the new family. Some statistical properties of the Inverse Lomax Weibull exponential distribution (ILWED) were demonstrated. Sample quantiles were presented. A simulation study was also presented. Lastly, an application to Bladder Cancer data was demonstrated based on the ILWED.
Investigation of the Myopic Outcomes of the Newer Intraocular Lens Power Calculation Formulas in Korean Patients with Long Eyes
Authors: Kim Jinchul , Park Joonsung , Jo Yoonjung 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This study investigated the underlying causes of the myopic outcomes of the optic-based newer formulas (Barrett Universal II, EVO 2.0, Kane, Hoffer-QST and PEARL-DGS) in long Korean eyes with Alcon TFNT intraocular lens (IOL) implantation. Postoperative data from 3,100 randomly selected eyes of 3,100 patients were analyzed to compare the reference back-calculated effective lens positions (ELPs) based on the Haigis formula using conventional axial length (AL) and Cooke-modified AL (CMAL) with the predicted ELP of each single- and triple-optimized Haigis formula applied to AL- and CMAL. Contrary to the AL-applied Haigis formula, the predicted ELP curve of the CMAL-applied, single-optimized Haigis formula, simulating the methods of the newer formulas, exhibited a significant upward deviation from the back-calculated ELP in long eyes. The relationship between the AL and anterior chamber depth in our long-eyed population differed from that in the base population of the PEARL-DGS formula. The myopic outcomes in long eyes appeared to stem from the substantial overestimation of the postoperative IOL position with AL modification, leading to the implantation of inappropriately higher-powered IOLs. This discrepancy may be attributed to the ethnic differences in ocular biometrics, particularly the relatively smaller anterior segment in East Asian patients with long AL.
A Comparison Effectiveness of Teaching via Teach Back Method and Short Message Service on Stress of Mothers of Educable Mentally Retarded Children: A Field Clinical Trial
Authors: Esmaeilpour Nafiseh , Karimi Zohreh , Moghimi Masoud , Zoladl Mohammad , Esmaeilpour Nasim 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background: Caring of mentally retarded children at home is a challenging event and negatively affects family mental health. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the effects of Teach back method and Short Message Service on stress of mothers of educable mentally retard children.
Methods: In this field trial study, 105 mothers with educable mentally retarded children were selected through the convenience sampling method. The participants were assigned to the two intervention and control groups based on block randomization. The teach-back method intervention was developed for at least 8 sessions, and then the faculty members of the research team were asked to approve the content and materials of the intervention. Mothers in SMS group received four text messages each day, totally 180 messages within 1.5 months. The Abidin Short Form Parenting Stress Index were filled out by mothers the groups of interventions and control at baseline and one month after the intervention. Data were analyzed using SPSS21, by descriptive and inferential test, considering the 95% confidence interval.
Results: shows that one month after the completion of education through teach-back and SMS, the level of stress decreased with a steep slope in the intervention 1, intervention 2 groups, while it had an upward trend in the control group which received no intervention one month after the completion of intervention.The level of stress in the intervention 1 group (88.6) and in intervention 2 group (86.09)were significantly more than the control group (135.23) (p<0.001).
Conclusions: since a targeted nurse-client relationship is one of the main issues of nursing care, nurses can benefit from these educational methods to educate clients.
Detailed Comparative Analysis of Transfer Learning Based Ensemble Models for Mushroom Classification
Authors: A Leena Rani , Karegowda Asha Gowda , Bhat Shreetha , Devika G 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Identifying mushroom species accurately is often challenging due to the vast diversity and visual differences among species at different stages of growth. This study investigates the effectiveness of stacking ensemble technique using a combination of 3–4 transfer learning models as Base classifiers with simple average and weighted average method, to enhance mushroom classification accuracy. Our research focuses on two primary aspects: the performance of individual transfer learning models and the impact of stacking ensemble techniques on transfer learning models for mushroom classification. The results of each ensemble of transfer learning model exhibited strong performance, achieving high accuracy in the range of 90.54% − 98.42% for Weighted Average models, with the best performance using three transfer learning modes: ResNet50V2-MobileNet–VGG16. The weighted average approach assigned weights to each model based on their class wise performance during model construction and henceforth results in better accuracy compared to simple average method.
Soundscape to Explore Local Communities Land Use in a Key Biodiversity Area, Sierra Nevada De Santa Marta, Colombia
Authors: PÉREZ-GONZÁLEZ JOSÉ LUIS , TORRES LUCELLY , BOULLHESEN MARTÍN , AKMENTINS MAURICIO SEBASTIÁN , RUEDA-SOLANO LUIS ALBERTO 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Soundscape ecology allows us to assess the impacts generated by human activities on biodiversity. Through the implementation of participatory community mapping combined with passive acoustic monitoring (PAM), this study identified and characterized the soundscape, using a set of acoustic diversity indices, of four Arhuaca indigenous communities along an altitudinal gradient in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia. Our results show a marked difference in the soundscape among the studied localities. We found that mid-altitude and high-altitude areas have more complex and diverse soundscapes, while low-altitude areas showed higher human disturbance. This contrasts with mid-altitude and high-altitude areas, where the good preservation of the forests and species diversity may contribute to high levels of biophony in the soundscape. This study pioneered the use of acoustic indices to better understand the different land-use practices by local communities. Thus, these findings provide important information about soundscape conservation and habitat configuration in terms of acoustic diversity, according to the land management systems. The results of the soundscape recorded are valuable for enhancing and strengthening conservation strategies and actions implemented by indigenous communities in protected areas.
DNA Damage Repair Gene Mutations and Correlations with Immune Regulatory Gene Expression in Pancancer
Authors: Yadav Kanchana , Das Trishala , Lynn Andrew M. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
DNA damage is the root cause of many human disorders, including chronic inflammatory diseases, cancer, and early ageing. The DDR can also help the immune system by boosting the production of antimicrobial peptides and ligands for immune cell receptors. Different immunological signals are activated by various DDR components, including DNA damage sensors, transducer kinases, and effectors. A tight functional link and coordination between DDR and immune defence protect against harmful microorganisms and control tumours. Although DNA damage repair gene mutations are frequently found in cancer, very little is understood about how DDR mutations influence immunological traits. We explored the response of immune regulatory genes, including known stimulators, inhibitors and MHC pathway-related genes, to mutations in genes related to DNA damage repair mechanisms. In this study, we used pancancer gene expression data from the TCGA database and gene mutation data uploaded to the cBioPortal. A total of 275 genes related to DDR and 67 genes related to immune regulatory functions were clustered and categorised into different groups and validated through the literature. The dataset was segregated on the basis of mutations in known DDR genes, and changes in the relative expression of immune regulatory genes were scored to identify immune stimulators, inhibitors, and MHC pathway-related genes that were differentially regulated in response to a DDR mutation. We found positive correlations between DNA damage repair, gene mutations, immune stimulators, inhibitors, and MHC pathway-related gene expression. This study will lead to the identification of important building blocks for any future cancer treatment based on biomarkers and immunotherapy.
Luteolin attenuates LPS-induced damage in IPEC-J2 cells by enhancing mitophagy via AMPK signaling pathway activation
Authors: Yang Lingling , Zhang Ke , Cheng Xinyi , Chen Jinyan , Guo Xiaoquan , Cao Huabin , Zhang Caiying , Xing Chenghong , Hu Guoliang , Zhuang Yu 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Luteolin (LUT), a flavonoid compound widely presenting in natural plants, has been extensively studied for its diverse biological properties, involving anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-apoptosis and other properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of LUT on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced IPEC-J2 cell damage and its underlying mechanism. Results showed that LPS treatment induced injury in IPEC-J2 cells, leading to tight junction disruption, ROS accumulation, and cell apoptosis. Remarkably, LUT attenuated LPS-induced IPEC-J2 cells damage by the up-regulation of ZO-1, Occludin, and Claudin-1 protein expression levels. Besides, LUT increased the activities of CAT, and SOD and prevented LPS-induced MDA and ROS production. LUT suppressed NF-κB activation in LPS-induced IPEC-J2 cells, reducing IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α expression. Moreover, LUT attenuated LPS-induced apoptosis in IPEC-J2 cells by up-regulating expression of Bcl-2 and down-regulating expression of Caspase-3, Caspase-9 and Bax. Furthermore, LUT upregulated AMPK/ULK signaling pathway and Parkin/PINK1 mediated-mitophagy in dose-dependent manner. While knockdown of AMPK by short-hairpin RNA (shRNA) weakens the protect effects of LUT against LPS-induced IPEC-J2 cells damage, as evidenced by the accumulation of excessive ROS and impaired mitophagy. In summary, LUT exhibits the ability to protect against LPS-induced damage to intestinal tight junctions by enhancing mitophagy through via AMPK activation.
High Temperatures Enhance Tolerance to Abamectin and Thiamethoxam in Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae)
Authors: Liu Yuncai , Bai Jing , Wang Yucheng , Song Haixia , Chang Yawen , Wu Qing-Jun , Du Yu-Zhou 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Cytochrome P450 functions in detoxification by participating in the activation and degradation of exogenous compounds and the metabolism and transformation of endogenous compounds. The insect Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) transmits multiple plant viruses and feeds on the phloem of ornamentals, vegetables, and cotton. In this report, five new CYP450 genes from B. tabaci MED were cloned, including two CYP4 family genes (BtCYP4c1 and BtCYP4g15), two CYP6 family genes (BtCYP6dz3vQ and BtCYP6ep1) and one Halloween family gene (BtCYP302a1). Gene expression patterns and CYP450 enzyme activity in B. tabaci were evaluated in response to insecticides and thermal stress. Several genes encoding CYP450 were induced in B. tabaci during exposure to insecticides after high temperature stress, and these results were consistent with enzyme activity and RNAi results. Our results indicate that some CYP450 genes in B. tabaci are induced during high temperature stress, and these genes participate in the regulation of physiological and metabolic processes. Our results help clarify the role of temperature on insecticide tolerance in B. tabaci and provide a foundation for improving insecticide efficiency, which will decrease insecticide use and reduce the exposure of nontarget organisms to toxic compounds.
Potential role of SIRT-1 and SIRT-3 as biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Perrotta Fabio , D’Agnano Vito , Mariniello Domenica Francesca , Castaldo Giuseppe , Vitale Maria , Cazzola Mario , Bianco Andrea , Scialò Filippo 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a debilitating and progressive lung disease of unknown aetiology, characterized by the relentless deposition of fibrotic tissue. Biomarkers may play a pivotal role as indicators of disease presence, progression, and treatment response. Sirtuins, a family of enzymes with ADP ribosyltransferase or deacetylase activity, have been implicated in several diseases, including pulmonary fibrosis.
Methods: A cross-sectional, prospective, observational single-center study was conducted to investigate the potential role of serum SIRTs levels as biomarkers in patients with IPF. Demographic, clinical, and functional data and serological samples were collected from 34 patients with IPF followed at the Interstital Lung and Rare Diseases Outpatient Clinic of the Vanvitelli Pneumology Clinic, Monaldi Hospital, Naples, Italy and from 19 age-matched controls.
Results: Serum SIRT-1 levels were significantly reduced in IPF patients compared to controls (median IPF 667 [435-858] pg/mL versus controls 925 [794-1173] pg/mL; p<.001 ). In contrast, serum SIRT-3 levels were significantly increased in IPF patients compared to controls (median IPF 338 [230-500] pg/mL versus controls 154 [99.8-246] pg/mL; p<.001). There were no statistically significant differences in serum SIRT-6 and SIRT-7 levels between IPF and controls. In addition, we found a significant positive correlation between SIRT-1 and lung function parameters such as FEV1% (ϱ=0.417;p=0.016), FVC% (ϱ=0.449;p=0.009) and DLCO% (ϱ=0.393;p=0.024), while a significant negative correlation was demonstrated between SIR-1 and GAP score, demonstrating a significant reduction in SIRT-1 in advanced Gender-Age-Physiology (GAP) stages 2-3 compared to GAP stage 1 (p=0.008).
Conclusions: This prospective, cross-sectional study showed that SIRT-1 was associated with lung function and IPF severity and that both SIRT-1 and SIRT-3 could be considered as potential biomarkers of IPF, whereas SIRT-6 and SIRT-7 were not associated with IPF.
Stigma and Discrimination Faced by Adolescents Living with HIV and Experiencing Depression in Malawi
Authors: Faidas Maria , Stockton Melissa A. , Mphonda Steven M. , Sansbury Griffin , Hedrick Haley , Devadas Jackson , Phanga Twambilile , Ruegsegger Laura , Kramer Jack , Mortensen Hillary , Kulisewa Kazione , Pence Brian W. , Bhushan Nivedita L. , Gaynes Bradley N. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
In Malawi, approximately 25% of adolescents living with HIV (ALWH) also suffer from depression. Not only is HIV stigma a major contributor to depression, but it also adversely impacts HIV care engagement. ALWH can experience HIV stigma as stereotyping, social exclusion, low social support, and abuse; and these experiences are associated with poor mental health. Despite recognition of the deleterious effects of HIV stigma, we have limited knowledge of how stigma is experienced by depressed ALWH. Guided by the Health Stigma and Discrimination Framework, we describe stigma faced by depressed ALWH in Malawi, and its implications for future interventions.
Methods
As part of a larger formative study to adapt a mental health counseling intervention, we conducted in-depth interviews, social support mapping sessions, and focus group discussions with 25 ALWH, 4 caregivers of ALWH, 3 HIV providers, and 5 participants and 5 staff of a prior mental health counseling intervention. After analyzing the stigma codes, we used the Health Stigma and Discrimination Framework to organize the data into four key domains: drivers, manifestations, outcomes, and health and social impacts.
Results
Major drivers of HIV stigma included fear of HIV transmission, negative effects of antiretroviral therapy (ART), association with death, inaccurate knowledge, and negative attitudes towards ALWH. The most common manifestations of HIV stigma were gossip, insults and mocking, and physical and social distancing. Decreased ART adherence and missed HIV appointments were commonly cited outcomes of HIV stigma. Broader health impacts of HIV stigma were notable for mental health comorbidities including depression, anxiety, substance use, and suicidality. Identified resilience strategies included support for HIV care engagement and psychosocial support from family and friends.
Conclusions
This study is the first to specifically describe the stigmatization process faced by depressed ALWH in Malawi. Notably, HIV stigma continues to disrupt HIV care and detrimentally impacts mental health during adolescent development. Further studies focused specifically on stigma are needed to better characterize this process and identify additional resilience factors. Investment in stigma-reduction interventions for ALWH is needed to avert poor mental health and HIV outcomes.
Trial registration: NCT06173544
WITHDRAWN: Pneumonia in children with complex chronic conditions with tracheostomy: An emerging challenge
Authors: García-Boyano Miguel , Alcalá Francisco José Climent , Alonso Aroa Rodríguez , de Villalta Marta García Fernández , Alonso Ohiane Zubiaur , Retolaza Ignacio Rabanal , Melero Inmaculada Quiles , Calvo Cristina , García Luis Escosa 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Purpose: Despite respiratory infections being a leading cause of hospitalization in children with tracheostomy tubes, there are no published guidelines for their diagnosis and management. This study aims to outline the clinical, laboratory, and microbiological aspects of pneumonia in these children, along with the antibiotics used and outcomes. Additionally, it seeks to determine pneumonia incidence and associated risk factors.
Methods: We conducted a retrospective study using medical records of tracheostomized children at La Paz University Hospital in Madrid from 2010 to 2021.
Results: Thirty-three pneumonia cases were observed in 25 tracheostomized children. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the predominant bacterium (52%), followed by E. coli, S. aureus, and S. marcescens. The same microorganism isolated in the tracheal aspirate culture during pneumonia was previously isolated in 83% of cases that had a similar culture with some growth obtained within 7 to 30 days prior. Multiplex respiratory PCR detected respiratory viruses in 73% of cases tested. Antibiotic treatment was administered in all cases except one, mostly intravenously (81%), with piperacillin/tazobactam and meropenem being commonly used. Only one of the described episodes had a fatal outcome.
Conclusions: It is advisable to include coverage for P. aeruginosa, E. coli, S. aureus, and S. marcescens in the empirical antibiotic treatment for pneumonia in tracheostomized children, along with the microorganisms identified in tracheal cultures obtained within 7 to 30 days prior, if available. A positive PCR for respiratory viruses is often discovered in bacterial pneumonia in tracheostomized children.
Correlations between substrate stocks of P, N, and C, stoichiometry, and varying categories of flora rehabilitation in the Karst area of South-west China
Authors: Gong Xianghuan , Shu Yingge , Wang Changmin , Cai Hua , Luo Xiulong , Liao Yuanhang , Long Hui , Li Xuemei 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Flora rehabilitation can effectively restore degraded terrestrial ecosystems in fragile areas. This study aimed to investigate dynamic relations in nutrients of substrate and stoichiometry under varying categories of flora rehabilitation in karst areas. The disseminations of soil organic carbon (SOC) in substrate , total phosphorus (TP), and total nitrogen (TN) in the 0 to 40 cm profile of substrate over set intervals (5, 10, 15, and 20 a) were analyzed under flora rehabilitation in grassland, shrub, and orchard substrates of the karst region. Adjacent farmland was used as a control. The outcomes showed rises in mean SOC concentration of grassland, shrubland and orchard 63.11%, 104.78%, 59.38%, correspondingly compared to the control; SOC storage was raised by 48.67%, 76.79%, and 38.28%, correspondingly; mean TN concentration was raised by 6.25%, 25.00%, and 21.63%, correspondingly; mean TN storage was raised by 8.29%, 19.69%, and 17.10%, correspondingly. There was an absence of significant changes in TP concentration and stock. SOC and OC: TN of the three flora categories tended to rise and then fall with increasing years of rehabilitation in the 0 to 10 cm layer of substrate, whereas changes in the 20 to 40 cm layer were insignificant. The rank of the varying flora rehabilitation categories according to SOC and TN concentration and stock was: shrubland > orchard > grassland. SOC, TN, and TP concentration of each flora type fell with increasing layer of substrate depth, and while there was a significant surface aggregation consequence, changes in ratios of stoichiometry were insignificant. Redundancy analyses identified substrate texture, moisture, density, porosity, microbial biomass nitrogen, and pH to be the main aspects affecting SOC, TN, and TP stoichiometry in the South-west karst region.