bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Management Approaches Employed by Teachers to Deal with Children's Behaviour Problems in Nursery Classes
Authors: Papatheodorou Theodora 
Published: March 2007

The study was undertaken in Greece to investigate the management approaches employed by nursery teachers to deal with children's behaviour problems. In particular, the extent, frequency of use and effectiveness of behavioural, cognitive and punitive approaches were investigated with regard to conduct, emotional and developmental related problems. A questionnaire was developed and applied to a female teacher sample of 154 selected from nursery schools located in three distinct regions of Greece. The questionnaire was completed for 280 children from a total pupil sample of 3,091. The findings showed that teachers appear to mainly attend to and deal with conduct problems which cause greater disturbance in the classroom. However, emotional and developmentally related problems were also addressed revealing teachers' concerns about their pupils' well-being and development. Teachers seemed to mainly use positive ways in dealing with children's behaviour problems, but they did deliver punishments as well. Finally, the study indicated that teachers appear to be rather effect-oriented employing a variety of techniques of different theoretical orientation which have been perceived to be effective.
Exploring Linkages between Dewey's Educational Philosophy and Industrial Reorganization
Authors: Wirth Arthur G 
Published: March 2007

The paper begins by pointing out that Dewey in his preface to Democracy and Education (1916) stated that his goal was to show how his philosophy of education was related to experimentalist and evolutionary features of science, the growth of democracy and the need for industrial reorganization. The argument is made that Dewey's interest in the linkages between education and industrial reorganization has been among the least explored features of his work. The paper is organized around three topics: (1) an explication of Dewey's discontents with American industrialism and education, (2) an analysis of Dewey's thesis that science may be viewed as a mode of learning and a moral enterprise which may be linked to democratic values, (3) an account of how this way of viewing science was related to his arguments for a parallel reorganization of industry and education to support the values of democratic humanism. The paper explores Dewey's contention that the humanist potential of science as a model for human growth was being perverted into 'scientific technique', a tool for the pursuit of pecuniary and material gain. Illustrations of the consequences for industries and schools are provided. Then Dewey's counter argument of the need for a conjoint re-organization of both schools and industries to make them 'good work' places is developed. Included are examples of his own efforts along these lines in the work of the Dewey Laboratory School at the University of Chicago (1896-1904). The dominant vocation of all human beings at all times is living intellectual and moral growth. (Dewey, 1916: 362). The moral function of... [all] institutions is in last analysis educative. (Dewey, 1908: 405)
Changes in Surrogate Laboratory Markers, Clinical Endpoints, and Health-Related Quality of Life in Patients Infected with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Authors: Chan Kitty S. , Revicki Dennis A. 
Published: March 2007

Objective: To evaluate the relationship between laboratory markers of HIV, AIDS- defining events, study discontinuation, and summaryscoresftom theMOS-HWVHealthSurvey. Methods: Secondary analysis of data from a clinical trial of antiretroviral therapies in advanced HIV-infected patients (N = 940). Clinical and health-related quality-of-life data were collected over 48 weeks. Linear regression, logistic regression and survival analyses were performed to evaluate the relationships between MOS-HlVsummary scores, clinical events, and laboratory markers. Results: Each point increase in PHS resulted in a 3.0% decrease in the likelihood of developing an AIDS-defining event (p<.05) and a 2.7% decrease in likelihood of study discontinuation (p<.05). MHS did not significantly predict clinical events, but did predict study discontinuation (p<.05). From the linear regression analyses, the change in CD4 counts was a significant predictor of the change in MHS (p<.01). Conclusion: The MOS-HIV summary scores predict clinical events and study discontinuation in advanced HIV-infected patients.
The Making of Citizenship in Argentinian Local Politics: Between Municipalization and Municipalism
Authors: Kolesas Mara 
Published: March 2007

The new political and economic context has significantly modified townships' reality, at the levels of the political system, the management of government and the civil society in general. The transfer of attributions from higher levels of government to local ones is combined with growing social demands, and the sensation of political impotence and fragmentation. Likewise, the lack of representation of townships as local communities in which participation makes sense and community bonds can be reconstructed deepens the complexity of this scenario. Townships in Argentina, with a long tradition as the poor relative of politics, are beginning to be considered as a primary domain of political exercise and citizen practice. Citizen action groups emerge at the cross-roads of a growing turn toward the local. They appear to encourage citizenship in the local domain toward government and community, by exercising rights and responsibilities. They attempt “to capitalize” this municipalization and turn it into municipalism. Today, townships are the field where politics keeps on being the art of giving oneself an identity as a member of a political community.
PROPHETS AND PRIESTS IN EARLY CHRISTIANITY: PRODUCTION AND TRANSMISSION OF RELIGIOUS KNOWLEDGE FROM JESUS TO JOHN CHRYSOSTOM
Authors: Kyrtatas Dimitris 
Published: March 2007

Prophets and priests were distinct orders in early Christianity. In its first stages, the Christian movement depended for the production of its religious ideas upon the work of charismatic, itinerant individuals called prophets. Gradually, as organisation and consolidation of dogma became of vital importance, leadership passed to a hierarchical order of priests and bishops. The transfer of power progressed in an ever more intense strain between the two types of leadership which ended with the elimination of the order of prophets. Comparative work has helped to develop prophets and priests as essential analytical concepts in the field of the sociology of religion. The present paper traces the major stages in the formation of the early Christian leadership and argues that the qualities of the prophet were transformed rather than actually eliminated. The task of edifying the masses after the conversion of the empire led to radically new techniques in moral instruction. The imposition of religious ideas through constant preaching became a valuable weapon to priests, but the initial exploration of the human conscience required a prophetic sensitivity. Prophets and priests, it is finally argued, may be viewed as producers and transmitters of new knowledge respectively not only in strictly religious matters but in the educational system at large.
THE MEANING OF WAR THROUGH VETERANS' EYES: A PHENOMENOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF LIFE STORIES
Authors: Lomsky-Feder Edna 
Published: March 2007

This paper deals with the meaning of war as it is articulated in war veterans' life stories and with the interpretive-phenomenological mechanisms through which the war experience is integrated into the course of their lives. The research is based on 63 life stories of Jewish Israeli men (all names are pseudonyms) who fought in the 1973 Yom Kippur War as part of their regular military service, in a variety of roles; half of them held combat positions and half were support staff. The stories were chosen from a clearly defined social group: middle-class, educated and secular men. The analysis of their life stories was derived from a phenomenological conceptual framework. The claim of this paper is that just as war is institutionalised and normalised into the Israeli macrosocial order, so too the individual integrates and co-opts it into his personal biography. Israeli soldiers do not represent the experience of war as a traumatic experience but rather as a `normalised experience' in their lives, contrary to the findings reported in the general literature about war veterans. The life stories reveal two interpretive-phenomenological mechanisms used by interviewees in normalising the war experience: the contiguous (the experience is integrated in the course of life by means of previous social knowledge) interpretation of war and the dual interpretation (the war is simultaneously part of and outside life) of war.
Multilevel Path Planning for Nonholonomic Robots Using Semiholonomic Subsystems
Authors: Sekhavat Sepanta , Svestka Petr , Laumond Jean-Paul , Overmars Mark H. 
Published: March 2007

We present a new and complete multilevel approachfor solving path- planning problems for nonholonomic robots. At the first level, a path is found that disrespects (some of) the nonholonomic constraints. At each of the next levels, a new path is generated by transformation of the path generated at the previous level. The transformation is such that more nonholonomic constraints are respected than at the previous level. At the final level, all nonholonomic constraints are respected. We present two techniques for these transformations. The first, which we call the pick and link technique, repeatedly picks pieces from the given path, and tries to replace them by more feasible ones. The second technique restricts the free configuration space to a "tube" around the given path, and a road map that captures the free-space connectivity within this tube is constructed by the prob abilistic path planner. From this road map we retrieve a new, more feasible path. In the intermediate levels, we plan paths for what we refer to as semiholonomic subsystems. Such systems are obtained by taking real (physical) systems, and removing some of their nonholonomic constraints. In this paper, we apply the scheme to carlike robots pulling trail ers, that is, tractor-trailer robots. In this case, the real system is the tractor-trailer robot, and the ignored constraints in the semiholo nomic subsystems are the kinematic ones on the trailers. These are the constraints of rolling without slipping, on the trailer's wheels. Experimental results are given that illustrate the time efficiency of the resulting planner. In particular, we show that using the multilevel scheme leads to significantly better performance (in computation time and path shape) than direct transformations to feasible paths.
The Emotional Effects of Music on Religious Experience: A Study of the Pentecostal-Charismatic Style of Music and Worship
Authors: Miller Mandi M. , Strongman Kenneth T. 
Published: March 2007

The relationship of the Pentecostal-Charismatic (P-C) style of music and worship practices to religious experience was investigated. The compositional devices typically found in this type of church music were analysed with respect to their potential emotional effects. In Study 1, members of a P-C church responded to questionnaires and interviews about the importance of music in their church services. Participants' mood significantly increased from directly before the service until directly after the music and worship part of the service, although there was little change throughout the remainder of the service. In Study 2, a P-C group and a non-P-C group had their reactions assessed to four musical selections. Two selections were secular and two were religious, as used in P-C church services. The groups had similar reactions to the secular pieces but the P-C group had stronger "energetic" and "awesome" emotional reactions than the non-P-C group to the religious selections. Familiarity with and associations to the music seemed to be the important factors in this effect. The investigation demonstrated how music is used as a facilitator of religious experience in a P-C church. Results are discussed with respect to their implications for the links between music, emotion and religious experience.
Figural and Metric Understanding of Rhythm
Authors: Smith Karen C. , Cuddy Lola L. , Upitis Rena 
Published: March 2007

Bamberger's studies of visual descriptions of rhythmic patterns led to a distinction between two kinds of rhythmic understanding: metric and figural (Bamberger, 1982). Metric understanding describes events in terms of a measured underlying beat, while figural understanding describes events in terms of the events surrounding them. The present study asked whether the ability to produce accurate figural representations is related to the level of metric understanding. Forty-nine children (6-12 years old), and forty-eight adults (17-45 years old), served as subjects. Twenty-four of the adults, but none of the children, were musically trained. Each listener completed four tasks: (1) drawing, (2) clap-back, (3) join-in, and (4) an intelligence test. For the first three tasks, eighteen rhythm sequences were designed so that metric and figural representations did not coincide. The drawing task required listeners to represent each sequence with symbols of their choice, so that someone else could reproduce the sequence from their description. For the clap-back task, listeners were asked to clap back the sequence. For the join-in task, listeners were asked to clap along with what they perceived to be the underlying beat of the sequence. For both children and adults correlations between accuracy on drawing and performance tests were significant for the figural drawers but not for the metric drawers. Accuracy of figural drawing is related, for both children and adults, to the ability to respond to the metric aspects of rhythm. Figural descriptions and metric actions may be complementary aspects of rhythmic understanding.
Intervening with Young Offenders: The Canadian Case
Authors: Basso Robert 
Published: March 2007

The Young OffendersAct (YOA) (1984) in Canada is a relatively new legislation that attempts to "connect" offending youths to appropriate services in the community. The front-line workers who are responsiblefor identifying andproviding services to youths may have one of the most diffi cult jobs in corrections. A goal of this article is to outline a practice approach for the front-line workers. There are numerous theories that attempt to explain juvenile delinquency. From the many theories, three were chosen for closer examination. The three theories are: Childhood Developmental Theory; Social Control Theory; and Social Learning Theory. These approaches were examined for practice directions related to the tasks prescribed by the YOA. Elements from each of these theories are drawn together to create underpinnings for the proposed practice approach. The choice for a rehabilitative approach is made at the outset of this paper. The tasks of thefront-line worker include assessing youths' needs and locating services for these youths. Assessment foci include: the individual youth, the family, the peer relationships, and the youth in school. Special attention is recommended for offering remedial help to youths in social and educational skill development areas. The major practice activity is described as "Matching" the youths to services.
Love and Hate in Supervision Groups
Authors: Sternberg Tamara 
Published: March 2007

This paper deals with the supervision of group therapy of schizophrenic patients. Working for many years in various clinics, I was intrigued by the fact that in some supervision groups an open and trusting atmosphere prevailed, while in others learning could not take place because a mistrustful, rivalrous and `hateful' atmosphere prevailed. Members were reluctant to come, used defence mechanisms, even archaic ones such as splitting and projection, and felt supervision was useless. I was the supervisor who came from the outside and was not involved in the hierarchy of the institution, its conflicts and intrigues among staff members. I discuss such difficult groups, and analyse why some groups developed as trusting and enabling, and others as `hating' groups that brought the discussions to a standstill.
Psychosocial Compromise Formation: Understanding Defence and Coping in Group Analysis
Authors: Heigl-Evers A. , Heigl F. 
Published: March 2007

Psychosocial compromise formation is discussed in relation to defence and coping in group analysis. This concept is based on the fundamental assumption of psychoanalysis that in early development of the individual unbearable conflictual needs and desires of instinctive or narcissistic origin are withdrawn from conscious experience by suppression or other kinds of defence. The structure of the ego, also a result of the individual's experience organization, mediates between the conflictual components of the ego and superego. Since object-relations belong phylogenetically to the species humana and ontogenetically to the interests of the ego, individual compromises have to be adapted into social systems, such as the therapeutic group, so that relationships can develop and be maintained and regulated. The results of such efforts of reciprocal adaptation are psychosocial compromises, which, as relatively time-stable configurations of dealing with each other in groups, serve among other things to keep the group sufficiently coherent and are in the interest of members seeking healing change.
The Effect of Adult Student Participation in Program Planning On Achievement, Retention and Attitude
Authors: Cole J. William , Glass J. Conrad 
Published: March 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of adult student participation in program planning on student achievement, retention, and attitude. Participants in two in-service groups at a North Carolina hospital were assigned to two experi mental classes. One class participated in planning its educational program; the second completed a course identical to the one planned by the first, but was given no opportunity to participate in planning the course objectives and design. The results permitted three conclusions: (1) adult student participation in program planning appears to affect positively stu dent achievement; (2) no evidence was found to support the pre diction that participation in classroom planning positively influ ences retention of information; (3) given a situation where prior attitudes are not firmly fixed, participating in program planning may have considerable impact on attitudes of adult students.
Circadian and Photoperiodic Time Measurement in Male Syrian Hamsters Following Lesions of the Melatonin-Binding Sites of the Paraventricular Thalamus
Authors: Ebling Francis J. P. , Maywood Elizabeth S. , Humby Trevor , Hastings Michael H. 
Published: March 2007

Autoradiographic studies using [125I]iodomelatonin in several species, including the Syrian hamster, have revealed that the rostral region of the anterior paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus (aPVT) contains a very high density of binding sites for melatonin. In two studies, small or large bilateral electrolytic lesions of the aPVT were made in adult male hamsters maintained on long days (LD 16:8). The hamsters were then transferred to short days (LD 8:16) to test whether testicular regression could occur in response to a decrease in photoperiod. Serum prolactin concentrations were measured as a second photoperiodic response. All unoperated control hamsters showed the typical short-day photoperiodic response: A decrease in serum luteinizing hormone (LH) and prolactin concentrations and testicular regression all occurred within 6 weeks in short days, followed by the development of scotorefractoriness. Lesions of the aPVT did not significantly affect the rate or the degree of the short-day-induced decline in serum levels of LH or prolactin, nor the pattern of testicular regression and the subsequent expression of refractoriness. To enable us to determine whether the aPVT might be involved in the entrainment or the expression of circadian rhythms, locomotor activity was monitored continuously in lesioned and control groups in Experiment 2, prior to and following the switch to short days. The reduction in photoperiod (involving an 8-hr advance in the time of lights-off and an 8-hr extension of the dark phase) caused a decompression of the nocturnal activity bout of control animals, so that after 2 weeks in short days, activity onset had also advanced to regain its phase relationship to the timing of lights-off. A similar pattern of re-entrainment was observed in lesioned animals, and no differences were observed between treatment groups in the rate of entrainment and decompression. In addition, both intact controls and animals bearing large bilateral lesions of the aPVT exhibited robust free-running circadian rhythms of locomotor activity when held under constant dim red light. In summary, the integrity of the aPVT is not necessary for the seasonal response of the reproductive axis and prolactin secretion to photoperiod, nor for photic entrainment of activity rhythms, in the Syrian hamster.
The Changing Overseas Assignment: Managing for Competitive Advantage
Authors: Morris Richard W. , Pennings Johannes M. , Clark Sharon W. 
Published: March 2007

Today, more than ever, the overseas assignment is a staple of the managerial career. Yet, overseas postings do not necessarily have standard or normative objectives, durations, and structures despite the fact that these assignments tend to be more demanding on the employee and increasingly costly and mission-critical to the organization. The authors believe that overseas assignments need to be planned and managed holistically according to a three-point system. They recommend that decisionmakers pay balanced attention to three factors-the environment, the organization, and the employee-when planning for their mobile managers. That will enable transnational companies (TNCS) to better manage work vulner abilities in overseas assignments. The authors offer a toolkit that builds on their proposed holistic systems model. This toolkit requires decisionmakers to adopt a boundary-spanning paradigm by acknowledging all stakeholders in transnational assignments, managing local procurement of services to overseas employees, investing in developing local suppliers when necessary, and managing employee demand for services (for example, by bringing prevention and wellness programs to overseas locations).
Access to Securitate Files: the Trials and Tribulations of a Romanian Law
Authors: Stan Lavinia 
Published: March 2007

We had a state. Then we had the Party to try to make the state work. Then we had the State Security to try to make the Party and state work. And still it didn't work. An East German quoted by Timothy Garton Ash, The File The relationship between the communist structures and the Securitate was similar to that between the brain and the hand. The brain was the Communist Party, the hand executing the orders was the Securitate. Senator Ioan Moisiu Romanian, Christian Democrat