bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty for Penetrating Keratoplasty
Authors: Al-Essa Aiad 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) has been utilized more frequently during recent years to treat penetrating keratoplasty (PKP) graft failures. The perioperative evaluation technique of anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) is increasingly significant. Our goal is to discuss DMEK surgical and clinical for subsequent PKP graft failure, along with significant surgical modifications and adjustments in accordance with preoperative assessment utilizing AS-OCT.

Materials and Methods:
Patients’ records who performed DMEK for PKP failure were retrospectively reviewed. Demographic information, PKP graft size determined by postoperative problems, corneal donor endothelial cell density (ECD), AS-OCT, central pachymetry, visual acuity (VA) evaluated in Snellen units, intraoperative surgical procedure modifications, and postoperative ECD were all included in the data collection.

Results:
The observation was conducted with 16 patients with 16 eyes, nine males and seven females. The observation period is 18 months. DMEK was performed at an average age of 63. Preoperative AS-OCT was performed on all patients, and based on cases, surgical plans were created. Before processing DMEK, the mean VA is 0.04, and central pachymetry is 685 m. They improved considerably to 0.3 (P value = 0.001) and 542 m (P value = 0.008) at the most recent follow-up. About 93.75% of the grafts were adhered to after the procedure. Late decompensation caused a 6.25% graft failure rate. Graft detachment rates and cases requiring rebubble rates were respectively 18.75%.

Conclusion:
In DMEK for failed PKP, a good case-specific preoperative assessment by AS-OCT is essential. As a result, it relies on developing a surgical strategy that can improve surgical outcomes, lower the risk of complications, and quicken visual recovery.
Comparative Evaluation of Penetration of Various Nano-sized Intra-canal Medicaments: An In Vitro Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopic Study
Authors: Veeraiyan Mounika , Chandhar Chikine Yashas , Mastammanavar Deepa , Kavya Kantheti , Jarupula Deepa , Sairam Gangishetti 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
To assess and contrast the depth of penetration of conventional calcium hydroxide, nanoparticle calcium hydroxide, silver nanoparticles, and combination of nanoparticle calcium hydroxide and silver nanoparticles into dentinal tubules using confocal laser scanning microscope.

Materials and Methods:
Eighty human single-rooted teeth were decoronated and instrumented up to Protaper Universal F3. Teeth were separated into four groups at random (n = 20) following chemomechanical preparation. Group 1: Control Conventional Calcium Hydroxide; Group 2: Nanoparticle Calcium Hydroxide; group 3: Silver Nanoparticles; group 4: Combination of Nanoparticle Calcium Hydroxide and Silver Nanoparticles. With the use of lentulo spirals, medications were injected into the canals, stirred up with ultrasound, and then kept at 37°C for 24 hours. A 1 mm thick slice was obtained at 5 mm from the root apex by sectioning the root perpendicular to the long axis of the tooth and then put on a glass slide to measure the depth of penetration using a confocal laser microscope.

Statistical Analysis:
To quantify the depth of penetration among the four groups, a one-way ANOVA was used and post hoc–Tukey’s test was used to compare between groups.

Results:
All of the groups were statistically significant, with group 4 showing the greatest depth of penetration, followed by group 2 and group 3. In contrast, all other groups in the intergroup comparison were statistically significant (P value 0.05) aside from the comparison of group 2 to group 3.

Conclusion:
Silver nanoparticles and nanoparticle calcium hydroxide together demonstrated greater penetration than calcium hydroxide, silver nanoparticles, and nanoparticle calcium hydroxide alone.
Comparative Efficacy of Oral Tranexamic Acid versus Oral Glutathione when Given in Combination with Modified Kligman Regimen in the Management of Melasma
Authors: Rao Naveen Netaji 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Melasma is a common acquired pigmentation disorder over the sun exposed areas found commonly in our country. Oral tranexamic acid and glutathione have been shown to have significant efficacy when given along with topical modified Kligman regimen.

Aims:
To compare the efficacy of oral tranexamic acid versus oral glutathione given in combination with modified Kligman regimen in the management of melasma.

Settings and Design:
An open label randomized controlled trial was conducted in the skin OPD of a tertiary level hospital in Northern India.

Materials and Methods:
The study group consisting of 96 patients was categorized into two groups; group A received oral tranexamic acid 250 mg twice daily in combination with a modified Kligman regimen and group B received oral Glutathione 500 mg once daily with a modified Kligman regimen. mMASI score was used to make the assessment. mMASI scores were measured at baseline, 4th, 8th, and 12th week. Intragroup and intergroup comparison was done using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Chi-square test statistical methods.

Results:
Ninety patients completed the study. Both the groups showed a significant fall in the mMASI score; group A showed a statistically significant fall in the score vis a vis the group B.

Conclusion:
Oral tranexamic acid with a modified topical Kligman regimen has a slight edge over oral glutathione given with topical modified Kligman’s regimen in the treatment of melasma.
Systematic Review of Hyrtl’s Anastomosis of Umbilical Arteries and Placenta in Pregnancy Induced Hypertension
Authors: Bhutia Karma L. , Upreti Benoy , Sarda Rohit K. , Shila Poonam 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Pregnancy-Induced hypertension (PIH) is a common health problem that occurs during pregnancy and may lead to limited fetal growth and other major health problems. Being a serious public health issue, PIH is responsible for a significant number of deaths across the globe. Hyrtl’s anastomosis of the umbilical arteries and placenta is a blood vessel system that can affect the growth and development of the fetus. The studies conducted earlier have suggested that the abnormalities in Hyrtl’s anastomosis may be associated with the development of PIH and other adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Aim:
The aim of the current systematic literature review is to investigate the potential advantages and restrictions of Hyrtl’s anastomosis as a medical diagnosis and treatment tool for PIH by reviewing the available evidence.

Materials and Methods:
The current study is a systematic literature review that involves the selection of 10 articles published in or after 2019 from reputed journals that evaluated the effectiveness of Hyrtl’s anastomosis in PIH. The inclusion criteria for this review are as follows: studies that involved human subjects, were published in English, were randomized controlled trials, case-control studies, observational studies, or systematic reviews, and evaluated the effectiveness of Hyrtl’s anastomosis. The exclusion criteria are as follows: studies published in other languages did not involve human subjects and did not measure the effectiveness of Hyrtl’s anastomosis in PIH. The search strategy includes a comprehensive search of the relevant databases using keywords related to Hyrtl’s anastomosis, umbilical artery, placenta, and PIH. Both data collection and analysis were conducted when the authenticity and validity of the articles used in this study were maintained. Data extraction was carried out by identifying the key findings of the articles selected for review in this particular study. The quality of the studies included in this review was assessed based on the JADAD scale.

Findings and Conclusion:
The aim of the systematic literature review is to evaluate the effectiveness of Hyrtl’s anastomosis in the detection and management of PIH. The current study design involved the selection of 10 articles published in or after 2019, with inclusion and exclusion criteria defined for the selection process. The search strategy included a comprehensive search of relevant databases. Both data collection and analysis were conducted when the authenticity and validity of the chosen articles were maintained. The quality of the studies included in the review was assessed based on the JADAD scale.
Fosfomycin Susceptibility among Extended-spectrum βeta Lactamase (Esbl)-Producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolates Causing Uti in a Tertiary Care Center in Western India
Authors: Kumbhar Shrutika R. , Babu Aishwarya , Modak Meera S. 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Context:
At present, commonly encountered infections like urinary tract infections (UTIs) are becoming more and more difficult to treat. UTIs caused by extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) organisms tend to lead to uncertain outcomes and prolong hospitalization as these organisms are multidrug resistant. Such a situation has forced clinicians to reconsider the use of old antibiotics like fosfomycin.

Aims:
To determine fosfomycin susceptibility among ESBL-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates causing UTI in a tertiary care center in Western India.

Settings and Design:
This is a cross-sectional study done in the Department of Microbiology between July 2021 and July 2022.

Methods and Material:
Urine samples from all outpatients and inpatients with suspected UTI which were received in the microbiology laboratory were inoculated in appropriate culture media. Pure growth of bacteria with a significant colony count was identified and antibiotic susceptibility testing was done as per standard guidelines.

Statistical Analysis Used:
The collected data were entered in a Microsoft Excel sheet and analyzed.

Results:
A total of 437 urine samples were collected from which 39 isolates of ESBL E. coli and 10 isolates of ESBL Klebsiella pneumoniae were obtained. All the E. coli isolates were sensitive to fosfomycin, while two of the Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates were resistant to fosfomycin.

Conclusions:
Older antibiotics like fosfomycin and nitrofurantoin attain high concentrations in the urinary tract, have a minimal impact on gastrointestinal flora, and do not develop resistance as compared to many other antibiotics. Therefore, fosfomycin should be preferred for the treatment of uncomplicated UTIs caused by resistant strains.
Effect of Non-Rotavirus Enteric Infections on Vaccine Efficacy in a ROTASIIL Clinical Trial
Authors: Abraham Dilip , Premkumar Prasanna Samuel , Platts-Mills James A. , Tewari Tushar , Bhat Niranjan , Rajendiran Revathi , Gunalan Hemavathi , Kang Gagandeep 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT.
This study examined the relative proportion of enteric pathogens associated with severe gastroenteritis (GE) among children younger than 2 years in a phase III efficacy trial of the ROTASIIL® vaccine in India, evaluated the impact of co-infections on vaccine efficacy (VE), and characterized the association between specific pathogens and the clinical profile of severe GE. Stored stool samples collected from cases of severe GE in the phase III trial were tested by quantitative polymerase chain reaction using TaqMan™ Array Cards. Etiology was attributed by calculating the adjusted attributable fraction (AF) for each pathogen. A test-negative design was used to estimate VE. The pathogens with the highest AFs for severe diarrhea were rotavirus (23.5%), adenovirus 40/41 (17.0%), Shigella spp./enteroinvasive Escherichia coli, norovirus GII, enterotoxigenic E. coli, and Cryptosporidium spp. A considerable proportion of the disease in these children could not be explained by the pathogens tested. Severe GE cases associated with rotavirus and Shigella spp. were more likely to have a longer duration of vomiting and diarrhea, respectively. Cases attributed to Cryptosporidium spp. were more severe and required hospitalization. In the intention-to-treat population, VE was estimated to be 43.9% before and 46.5% after adjustment for co-infections; in the per-protocol population, VE was 46.7% before and 49.1% after adjustments. Rotavirus continued to be the leading cause of severe GE in this age group. The adjusted VE estimates obtained did not support co-infections as a major cause of lower vaccine performance in low- and middle-income countries.
Investigation of quality indicators of flour made of chickpea, corn and rice
Authors: Arutyunova G. Y. , Udychak M. M. , Gisheva S. A. , Gnetko L. V. , Siyukhova B. B. 
Published: April 2024

The article presents the results of the investigation of the quality indicators of flour from chickpeas, corn and rice. Gluten-free foods literally become a panacea to a healthy and happy life for people suffering from celiac disease, given that patients in the acute phase of the disease have a high risk of death compared to the general population. Complex therapy involves both drug treatment and a strict gluten-free diet. In addition, the popularity of gluten-free products has increased among people leading a healthy lifestyle, watching their diet, seeking to either reduce excess body weight or keep weight under control. Creating gluten-free products is a global trend. Bread is statistically the most consumed food product and the gluten-free bakery products market development industry has great potential.The market analysis has shown that gluten-free bakery products are mainly produced from buckwheat, rice, oat or potato flour. Chickpea, rice and corn flour do not contain gluten and as a result can be used for dietary nutrition both for those suffering from celiac disease and for other categories of citizens.The biochemical and physicochemical parameters of the studied types of flour have been considered. Taking into account that all the types of flour considered in the research are gluten-free, they can be recommended for the production of gluten-free bakery and flour confectionery products.
Adaptation of the method for identification and quantification of mono- and diacylglycerols in vegetable oils
Authors: Zhdanov D. D. , Butina E. A. , Dubrovskaya I. A. , Gerasimenko E. O. , Shazzo A. Y. 
Published: April 2024

The article presents the research on the adaptation and implementation of a method for determining mono- and diacylglycerols in vegetable oils. The relevance of the research is determined by the introduction of standardization of monochloropropanediols and glycidol in vegetable oils and some types of fat and oil products since 2025. According to the scientific literature, mono- and diacylglycerols, formed during the ripening of oil seeds under the influence of the enzyme lipase, are precursors of monochloropropanediols and glycidol, which, in turn, according to the World Health Organization, are carcinogenic substances. Some of the most probable mechanisms for the formation of contaminants from mono- and diacylglycerols have been considered; according to them diacylglycerols are considered to be the main source of glycidyl ethers, and monoacylglycerols are that of monochloropropanediols. An important factor influencing the speed and completeness of the described reactions is the presence in the system of water molecules, chlorine ions, hydrogen protons, as well as high temperatures. Catalysts for such side reactions are heavy metals, including their salts. Thus, in order to implement effective measures to control the formation of contaminants in oil, it is important to have a complete picture of the quality indicators of the feedstock and, above all, data on the content of mono- and diacylglycerols, methods for determining which are not available in laboratory practice in the Russian Federation.The goal of the research is to develop a method for the quantitative determination of mono- and diacylglycerols in vegetable oils.As a result of the research, the sample preparation method has been improved, calibration dependencies have been determined using an internal standard, and an identification and quantitative analysis technique has been proposed, on the basis of gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector and the use of a high-temperature capillary column. Verification work has been carried out and the metrological characteristics of the proposed method have been determined. The method has been tested on real objects – various types of vegetable oils.
Pengaruh Profesionalisme Dan Kedisiplinan Guru Pai Terhadap Motivasi Menghafal Al-Qur’an Peserta Didik
Authors: Gani Sofyan , Mustamir Mustamir , Mubhar Muhammad Zulkarnain 
Published: April 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh profesionalisme dan kedisiplinan guru PAI terhadap motivasi mengahafal al-qur’an peserta didik di MIS ikhwanussafa sengkang. Dalam penelitian ini telah dilakukan uji statistik regresi linear berganda untuk uji hipotesis dan diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa profesionalisme dan kedisiplinan guru PAI terhadap motivasi mengahafal al-qur’an peserta didik di MIS ikhwanussafa sengkang terdapat pengaruh. Jenis penelitian ex post facto. Adapun populasi pada riset ini adalah seluruh peserta didik MIS Ikhwanussafa Sengkang yang berjumlah 30 orang. Langkah teknis pengumpulan data dengan menggunakan instrumen angket/kuesioner, dokumen. Selanjutnya untuk analisis data digunakan program Spss versi 22. Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh gambaran bahwa 1) Profesionalisme guru terhadap motivasi menghafal Al-Qur’an peserta didik di MIS Ikhwanussafa Sengkang terdapat pengaruh. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari hasil uji regresi sederhana diperoleh hasil uji T dengan menggunakan SPSS menunjukkan t hitung 3,490 > t tabel 2,048 dan besaran pengaruh berdasarkan uji R- Square yaitu 74,5 % sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa Ha diterima dan H0 ditolak yang berarti bahwa profesionalisme guru PAI berpengaruh terhadap motivasi menghafal Al-Qur’an peserta didik. 2) Kedisiplinan guru terhadap motivasi menghafal Al-Qur’an peserta didik di MIS Ikhwanussafa Sengkang terdapat pengaruh. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari hasil uji regresi sederhana diperoleh hasil uji T dengan menggunakan SPSS menunjukkan nilai t hitung 4,026 > t tabel 2,048 dan besaran pengaruh berdasarkan uji R-Square adalah 74,5 % sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa Ha diterima dan H0 ditolak yang berarti kedisiplinan guru PAI berpengaruh terhadap motivasi menghafal Al-Qur’an peserta didik. 3) Profesionalisme dan kedisiplinan guru PAI terhadap motivasi menghafal Al-Qur’an peserta didik berpengaruh secara simultan. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari hasil uji regresi berganda diperoleh nilai signifikansi 0.000 < 0.05 dan nilai F hitung 39,345 > F tabel 3.55 sedangkan besaran pengaruh berdasarkan uji R-Square adalah 74,5 %, sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa Ha diterima dan H0 ditolak yang berarti profesionalisme guru dan kedisiplinan guru PAI secara simultan berpengaruh terhadap motivasi menghaafal Al Qur’an peserta didik
Interaction between the Caregiver Burdens and Spiritual Orientations of the Families of Children Receiving Home Care Services
Authors: Akça Gülfer , Akça Ünal , Yavuz Erdinç 
Published: April 2024

Objectives: The permanent nature of possession of children receiving home care services (HCS) can represent a severe caregiver burden for parents. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between these parents’ caregiver burdens and spiritual orientation.
Materials and Methods: The parents of 118 children receiving HCS participated in this cross-sectional, descriptive study. Data were collected using a Sociodemographic Information Form, the Spiritual Orientation Scale (SOS), and the Zarit Caregiver Burden Scale (ZBCS).
Results: The mother was the caregiver for 39.8% of the children receiving HHS, while both parents provided care for 55.9%. Income was lower than expenditure among 65.3% of caregivers, and 80.5% were housewives. The parents of children aged 1-6 years exhibited lower spiritual orientation levels and a higher caregiver burden than those with older children. Spiritual orientation levels were higher among parents with low education levels and income lower than expenditure.
Conclusions: Parents with high spiritual orientation scores were found to perceive a lower caregiver burden. This indicates the need for activities aimed at providing spiritual support for parents.
Assessment of Flood Vulnerability and Coping Strategies of Communities Living along River Tana in Madogo Ward, Kenya
Authors: Odoyo Erick , Huho Julius M. , Mohamed Ahmed M. , Mbugua Joseph M. 
Published: April 2024

Purpose: Flood is a natural disaster that occurs due to the sudden onset of rainfall that causes runoff waters from high to low altitude area. Community living along the River Tana in Madogo ward, Tana River County are affected by the floods when it occurs. It was therefore important to assess factors contributing to their flood vulnerability and assess their flood coping and adaptation strategy for current and future planning. This study assessed the factors contributing to flood vulnerability, adaptation and coping strategies along River Tana in Madogo Ward, Tana River County, Kenya. The research objectives were to assess the trends of flood occurrence in Madogo Ward between 2000 and 2020 as well as the coping and adaptation strategies of communities to floods in Madogo Ward.
Materials and Methods: A descriptive research design approach was used. Data collection approaches involved the use of questionnaires to identify coping strategies by communities. Key informant interviews were also conducted with government officers within the study area to provide information on factors contributing to flood vulnerability, flood trends, occurrence adaptation and coping strategies. Secondary data was acquired through journals, books, and maps. The Statistical Package for Social Science was used to analyze the quantitative data. The analyzed data was presented through maps, tables, figures and graphs.
Findings: The results indicated that the floods occur after every two years in the study area with different magnitudes and durations. The main coping strategies employed by the community living along River Tana in Madogo Ward was relocation to the higher grounds. It was also established that the community in the area had developed adaptive strategies to flood by putting barriers round their houses. Further findings indicated that the major flood vulnerability factor was topography of the area.
Implications to Theory, Practice and Policy: Based on the findings, it is being recommended that community leaders and county government of Tana River should not allocate plots in the flood zone area. Hence, there is a need for flood zone mapping for resident to know whether they are living within flood zone or not. Additionally, the people’s economic power should be enhanced through entrepreneurial training and giving them first priority in job opportunities. There is also a need to improve the quality of the infrastructures in the area to enhance their resilience to the negative impact of floods.