bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
1989”1990 AGU Congressional Fellow report
Authors: Frank Barbara J. 
Published: October 2006

Describing the last 3 months on the Subcommittee on International Scientific Cooperation of the U.S. House of Representatives Committee on Science, Space, and Technology is no easy task. I have learned a great deal about many issues and about the workings of Congress; yet this knowledge has not been gained in a necessarily straightforward or logical manner.Although my status on the Subcommittee is that of a Fellow, in effect I am expected to function as a regular staff member. I immediately became involved in the preparation of two hearings, the first on science and technology initiatives for Poland and Hungary, and the second on the Human Genome Project. At these hearings, I learned firsthand about important aspects of science‐related issues that concern Congress, namely, intellectual property rights, U.S. competitiveness in the science and technology arena with other countries, Japan, in particular; and big science versus small science funding.
1989 Fall Meeting report and late abstracts
Authors: Chapman David S. 
Published: October 2006

The AGU 1989 Fall Meeting was held December 4–8 in San Francisco with meeting participation continuing the steady growth trend set throughout the decade. More than 4618 members registered at the meeting and 3300 papers were given.West Coast geophysical awareness had been heightened earlier in the fall by the magnitude‐7.1 Loma Prieta earthquake, which occurred October 17 just south of San Francisco. This event provided a topical accent for parts of the week's program. A Monday Union session was devoted to initial results from, and reaction to, the earthquake. The session was concluded by a address by U.S. Representative George E. Brown, Jr. (D‐Calif.), sponsor of the earthquake hazard reduction bill presently funding much of the earthquake hazards reduction program in the U.S.
North American datum report published
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

The redefinition of the horizontal geodetic control network in North America is the subject of a recently published book by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Geodetic Survey. North American Datum of 1983 (NOAA Professional Paper NOS 2) covers the history of the project from its inception in 1978 to completion of the redefinition in 1988.The 256‐page report is intended to serve as a record of what was actually done during the new datum project, which was a cooperative effort supported by the United States, Canada, Denmark, and Central America. The report describes the actual execution, including the inventory of data used, the laborious task of building the data base, the computations themselves, and the datum implementation activities.
[Comment on “IGBP: Crown jewel or prodigal son?” by Juan Roederer] IGBP and ICSU
Authors: Wooster Warren S. 
Published: October 2006

Juan Roederer's article about IGBP (International Geosphere‐Biosphere Program) and ICSU (International Council of Scientific Unions) in Eos, (“IGBP: Crown Jewel or Prodigal Son?” December 12, 1989, p. 1552) has interesting implications for the organization of international scientific cooperation within the framework of ICSU.In ICSU, power is divided between the International Scientific Union members and National Members (representing national academies and research councils). Even though the research sponsored by ICSU is done at national expense, and the operating expenses of ICSU come directly or indirectly from national sources, the Unions tend to hold the balance of power.
Rings dominate western Gulf
Authors: Vidal L. Francisco V. , Vidal L. Victor M. V. , Molero José María Pérez 
Published: October 2006

Surface and deep circulation of the central and western Gulf of Mexico is controlled by interactions of rings of water pinched from the gulf's Loop Current. The discovery was made by Mexican oceanographers who are preparing a full‐color, 8‐volume oceanographic atlas of the gulf.Anticyclonic warm‐core rings pinch off the Loop Current at a rate of about one to two per year, the scientists of the Grupo de Estudios Oceanográficos of the Instituto de Investigaciones Eléctricas (GEO‐IIE) found. The rings migrate west until they collide with the continental shelf break of the western gulf, almost always between 22° and 23°N latitude. On their westward travel they transfer angular momentum and vorticity to the surrounding water, generating cyclonic circulations and vortex pairs that completely dominate the entire surface and deep circulation of the central and western gulf.
Assessing SPR education
Authors: Tsurutani Bruce T. , Engebretson Mark J. 
Published: October 2006

The SPR Education Committee has been charged with determining the adequacy of education in the SPR field at all levels (pre‐college, college, graduate, postgraduate, and general public education). After an initial assessment, the committee will recommend implementing specific actions under its aegis.As a start, the committee would to hear from members who are writing textbooks or working in education (other than teaching classes) on space physics and aeronomy. The committee aims to discern obvious gaps in coverage of the field, and to encourage top scientists to write books or pamphlets to remedy these lacks. Survey results will be published in Eos.
NASA Selects first EOS payload
Authors: Wilson Stan , Dozier Jeff 
Published: October 2006

On January 18, NASA selected 11 “instrument investigations” for the first satellite of the Earth Observing System (EOS), which is the centerpiece of NASA's Mission to Planet Earth. The instruments are AIRS/AMSU‐A/‐B, ASTER, CERES, EOSP, HIRDLS, LIS, MISR, MODIS‐N/‐T, STIKSCAT, and—pending resolution of technical issues—MIMR and MOPITT. In addition, HIRIS has been confirmed for development and tentatively selected for a subsequent flight, while ACRIM has been selected for future flight.The EOS satellite, to be launched aboard a Titan‐IV vehicle from the Western Test Range in 1998, is the first of the three‐satellite EOS‐A series. Each satellite will have a 5‐year design life and will produce a 15‐year‐long global data set. The series' primary goal is to make measurements related to potential global warming and other critical aspects of global change, including the Earth's radiation balance, atmospheric circulation, air‐sea interaction, biological productivity, and land‐surface properties.
Unite to face Congress, Brown tells scientists
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

“As a politician,” George E. Brown, Jr., rather understatedly told the American Association for the Advancement of Science on February 15, “I must tell you that unlimited federal funding for basic research is no longer viewed by the U.S. Congress as a birthright of the scientific community.” In his plenary address to the association's annual meeting, the new chairman of the House Science Committee repeatedly warned scientists and engineers not to be divisive over tight research budgets. The California Democrat also called for a unified vision of scientific and technological progress, built upon better communication between scientists, engineers, and Congress.The “good news,” Brown said, is that even in a tough budget year, President George Bush has asked for substantial hikes for many research‐funding agencies. However, Brown added, “There will not be huge increases for the funding of basic research over the next 3–5 years,” and even Bush's current requests are not sacrosanct. Ticking off various programs that have been slashed, Brown asked, “Who do you think they're going to set their hungry eyes on?”
Geodesy in the year 2000
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

Geodesy in the Year 2000, prepared under the auspices of the Committee on Geodesy of the National Research Council, has just been published by the National Academy Press. Focused on the needs and potential contributions of geodesy during the next decade, the publication contains an overview, recommendations, and eight research reports.Geodesy is in the midst of a technological revolution. As space‐based observational techniques have been introduced over the past two decades, geodesy has undergone profound changes. Between now and the end of this century, new technological advances will transform the field even further, making new generations of measurements possible, with increased speed and accuracy. Yet the scientific requirements for precision, the spatial and temporal density of the measurements, and the coverage of the planet present a formidable challenge to even the most advanced geodetic tools.
NCAR committee to study ambient hydrocarbon analysis
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

Trace amounts of hydrocarbons can significantly influence the chemistry of the atmosphere. Accurate identification and mixing ratios of the numerous hydrocarbons present are necessary prerequisites for understanding the various species' potential contributions to important atmospheric chemical cycles. The large number, low mixing ratios, and high reactivities of the hydrocarbons present suggest that a carefully controlled intercomparison study is needed.The National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) announces plans by an international committee of scientists to develop the protocol to be used in intercomparing ambient hydrocarbon samples. The committee welcomes the participation of all scientists who are now or plan to be involved in the analysis of ambient levels of hydrocarbons from rural or clean air.
Overview of IRIS
Authors: Phinney Robert 
Published: October 2006

The fascinating ways in which the Earth's crust moves —spreading at oceanic ridges, colliding in mountain belts, pushing up domes, and sinking down in trenches—are the well‐established phenomena of plate tectonics. The secrets behind these movements lie out of our reach in the crust, mantle, and core of the Earth. How deep do the roots of continents lie? What happens to cold pieces of lithospheric slabs that disappear into the mantle where plates collide? Where do the magmas in Yellowstone and Hawaii come from? The fundamental challenge posed by these questions is to understand how the Earth works by observing it in action.Seismic instruments have been recording earthquakes for a century; the record of ground motion seen on chart paper several thousand kilometers from an earthquake is a record of the interior of the Earth and of the earthquake. Seismic waves present the only phenomenon in physics that can travel to all depths in the Earth. Some seismic waves move through the Earth nearly as well as light traverses the atmosphere.
Solid Earth science during the 21st century
Authors: Oliver Jack 
Published: October 2006

In this talk I shall try to forecast some developments in the solid Earth sciences during the 21st century. The forecasts may not be accurate, of course. Some are quite speculative. But perhaps they will be provocative, and will encourage others to dream a little—or a lot.The first step in forecasting the future of any subject is to look at the past and the present to recognize the recent rate of change and the current base level in the subject of interest.
AGU testifies on NASA Budget
Authors: Simarski Lynn Teo 
Published: October 2006

Witnesses from outside the U.S. government—including Frank Eden, representing AGU—testified about the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's budget on March 12 before the House Science Committee's subcommittee on space. One major topic of the hearing was familiar: what should NASA's top priority be, space science or human exploration of space.“Obviously this committee has a huge job of trying to set priorities—consistent with the budget restraints—that will end up giving the American taxpayer the most bang for his buck, as well as providing direction for our space program,” said F. James Sensenbrenner, Jr. (R‐Wis.), the subcommittee's ranking Republican. Another recurring topic, cited by the subcommittee's new chairman, Ralph M. Hall (D‐Tex.), as well as by other committee members, was how to translate NASA‐developed technologies into commercial gain for the U.S. in the global marketplace. Hall and others also posed a number of questions on a topic the chairman called a special concern of his: whether it would be economically and scientifically plausible for the U.S. to use the Soviet space station Mir for certain activities, such as medical applications.
ODP‐KTB Petrophysical Workshop: A blueprint for interprogram collaboration
Authors: Worthington Paul F. 
Published: October 2006

The international Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) and the Continental Deep Drilling Program of the Federal Republic of Germany (KTB) are large exploration projects in which core‐calibrated borehole measurements play an important scientific role. In the organizations that run both projects, separate working groups are responsible for planning the borehole logging program, supervising the downhole operations, stimulating the research and development of interpretation methods, and initiating new tool designs and developments.These groups came together September 13–15, 1989, for a meeting at the KTB drill site laboratory in Windischeschenbach, Oberpfalz, FRG. Conveners were Ralph Hänel (NLfB, Hannover, FRG) and Paul F. Worthington (BP Research Centre, Sunbury‐on‐Thames, U.K.) About 50 scientists attended. They agreed that integrated working groups be established, through which the two programs could collaborate even more closely in borehole logging.
How to prepare author‐produced copy for JGr papers
Authors: Royden Leigh H. , McNutt Marcia K. 
Published: October 2006

We would like to share with other AGU members instructions that we have “successfully” used in preparing about 10 manuscripts for the Journal of Geophysical Research with a Macintosh computer and Microsoft Word 4. We take no responsibility for the accuracy of these instructions and would appreciate any improvements that other users might suggest.An easy way to make author‐produced copy for JGR is to use 12 point Times Roman type and reduce the final version on the LaserWriter when you print it. This saves your eyes on the Mac and also means that you do not have to change any of the Greek letters, etc., to another size, which can be a real pain. (Subscript sizing can also be difficult.) You can also proofread at an unreduced scale, which is easier than proofing small type. If you are clever about how you initially set your equations, they will not need to be changed at all for final copy.
Loma Prieta earthquake
Authors: Segall Paul 
Published: October 2006

The October 17, 1989, Loma Prieta earthquake of magnitude 7.1 provided a harsh reminder of the hazards associated with life on a major plate boundary. The scientific lessons of the earthquake are still being assessed as seismic, geologic, and geodetic data are analyzed and new data collected.Probably the most striking, and deadly, aspect of the earthquake was the intense damage at sites, such as San Francisco's Marina district and the 1‐880 overpass in Oakland, 100 km from the earthquake's epicenter. Similar damage occurred in Mexico City in 1985, 350 km from the epicenter of the M 8.1 Michoacan earthquake. Seismic recordings during the Loma Prieta earthquake and its aftershocks showed that pockets of poorly consolidated sediments and Bay muds with low seismic velocities greatly amplified the ground shaking. Sites on Bay mud experienced peak ground motions many times greater than sites only a few blocks away on bedrock. Site amplification during the mainshock was less severe (at frequencies of a few Hz) than during subsequent aftershocks, demonstrating significant non‐linearity in the site effects. The damage resulted from a combination of local site amplification and pervasive failure of artificial land fills. Both effects were predicted prior to the earthquake; published earthquake hazard maps had previously designated as high seismic risk zones the sites of intense damage.
GPS Satellite Surveying
Authors: Davis James L. 
Published: October 2006

The Global Positioning System (GPS) is the most recent entry into the field that has become known as “space geodesy.” GPS holds great promise for obtaining inexpensive, high‐accuracy terrestrial surveys with applications in a number of diverse geophysical disciplines. This wide applicability makes GPS surveying of interest to researchers throughout the geophysical and geodetic spectrum.Because GPS is perceived as a “hands‐on” technique, the actual surveying and subsequent data analysis are often left to the geoscientists interested in interpreting the results. This has led to some unexpected difficulties, for the analysis of GPS data is really two quite separate tasks. On the one hand, there is the problem of modeling time‐series of three‐dimensional intersite vectors in terms of geophysically interesting quantities. Before this, however, one must solve for the intersite vectors themselves using the “raw” GPS phase observables, a nontrivial operation.
A call for rotators
Authors: Mountain Gregory 
Published: October 2006

“Needed: highly motivated geoscientists willing to slow the pace of their research for 1–2 years while managing federal government support of their discipline. Assured: change of perspective; no change in pay. Contact your National Science Foundation Program Director for details.—No, this isn't an NSF job announcement; this is an open letter to members of the Earth science community from a recently “retired” NSF rotator concerned by the small number of researchers interested in a Washington tour. I learned firsthand the extent to which an individual in this position is entrusted with decision‐making powers, and as a result, I believe that each of us in the research community should feel responsible for ensuring that highly qualified people serve as rotators.
Scientists need political literacy
Authors: Simarski Lynn Teo 
Published: October 2006

Scientists need to sharpen their political literacy to promote public and congressional awareness of science policy issues. This was the message of a panel of politically savvy scientists at a recent workshop at the American Association for the Advancement of Science's annual meeting in Washington, D.C. Researchers can maximize their lobbying efforts by targeting critical points of the legislative and federal funding cycles, the panel said, and by understanding the differences between the science and policy processes.Drastic modifications to the federal budget process this year will influence how much funding flows to research and development. A new feature for FY 1991–1993 is caps on federal expenditure in three areas: defense, foreign aid, and domestic “discretionary” spending. (Most of the agencies that fund geophysics fall into the domestic category.) Money cannot now be transferred from one of these areas to another, said Michael L. Telson, analyst for the House Budget Committee, and loopholes will be “very tough to find.” What is more, non‐defense discretionary spending has dropped over a decade from 24% of the budget to the present 15%. Another new requirement is the “pay‐as‐you‐go” system. Under this, a bill that calls for an increase in “entitlement” or other mandatory spending must offset this by higher taxes or by a cut in other spending.
“Brava,” Bravo
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

Another round of applause for Cynthia Bravo, director of Member Programs, who retired from AGU on April 2. She was awarded a plaque from the Executive Committee “in appreciation of your devotion and friendship, your imagination and humor, and your championship of AGU members for more than 30 years; we salute you and thank you.” AGU President Brent Dalrymple presented the award to Cynthia at a staff luncheon on March 13.Cynthia began her AGU career in 1960. In the letter of notification of her appointment to this position, A. Nelson Sayre, General Secretary, said “The position is a permanent position, but we point out that even beyond the period of probation, permanency in the position depends on continued high performance of your duties, and includes punctuality and regularity in your attendance in the office.”
Addressing the “Major Unrest” in science
Authors: Simarski Lynn Teo 
Published: October 2006

“The politics of science and technology has returned with a vengeance—or perhaps it never left,” Mary Good, head of the National Science Board, told a gathering of Washington scientists and policy‐makers on March 30. Good addressed a spectrum of U.S. science issues, providing a chance to take the pulse of an important science policy‐ maker. The 24‐member board that she chairs sets policy for the National Science Foundation.Good strongly criticized current attempts in Congress and elsewhere to create one over‐arching policy for science, technology, and competitiveness. “We need to get these three areas separated out,” Good said. “They are truly three different subjects.” The issue is part of an on‐going debate in Congress over the character of U.S. industrial policy. Congressional committees often ask how a science program under scrutiny will contribute to the nation's ability to compete in the world marketplace. “My cohorts in industry say that the one thing we must have from the universities is quality manpower; that's the first priority,” Good said. Second on the list is to forge links between academia and industry to keep industry's “in‐house talent” at the cutting edge.
AGU testifies on Space Station's cost
Authors: Simarski Lynn Teo 
Published: October 2006

On May 1, before a standing‐room‐only House hearing, Representative Barbara Boxer (D‐Calif.) hammered hard questions at Richard Truly, administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, over the cost of the redesigned Space Station Freedom. AGU President G. Brent Dalrymple was also invited to testify about the station's cost and scientific merit as part of an expert panel before the House Government Operations subcommittee on government activities and transportation. Other witnesses included another AGU member, Louis J. Lanzerotti, chairman of the Space Studies Board of the National Research Council.The hearing, which ran three‐and‐a‐half intense hours, dealt with new estimates of Freedom's cost that are well in excess of NASA's $30 billion figure for the revised design. Charles A. Bowsher, U.S. comptroller general, testified about a new study by the General Accounting Office that estimates a $118 billion cost for the station, more than triple NASA's figure. AGU's testimony and the subcommittee's staff both projected an even higher figure—$180 billion—although they used different assumptions to reach it.
The first Earth‐Moon spacecraft encounter
Authors: Neubauer F. M. , Glassmeier K.‐H. 
Published: October 2006

It was with great interest that we read the article by Fraser Fanale in Eos (November 20, 1990) on “Galileo's Earth‐Moon Encounter Set for December 8.” We noted the number of important observations that were planned and carried out to study the Earth‐Moon system. We are also looking forward to the large number of interesting results that will undoubtedly become available after the encounter with the asteroid Gaspra, the second Earth encounter, and, most importantly, during the Jupiter mission.However, we would like to correct an important historical statement made by the author in the introductory section of his article. The Galileo encounter with the Earth‐Moon system was not the first encounter by a spacecraft from deep space with the Earth‐Moon system. On July 2, 1990, the Giotto spacecraft encountered the Earth with closest approach at a radial distance of 3.56 Earth radii at 10:01:18 UTC. During the encounter, observations were made of the magnetic field and the energetic particle environment of the terrestrial magnetosphere.