bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Glatiramer Acetate in Multiple Sclerosis: A Review
Authors: Ruggieri Maddalena , Avolio Carlo , Livrea Paolo , Trojano Maria 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTMultiple sclerosis (MS) is considered to be primarily an inflammatory autoimmune disease. Over the last 5 years, our view of the pathogenesis of MS has evolved considerably. The axonal damage was recognized as an early event in the disease process and as an important determinant of long‐term disability. Therefore, the antiinflammatory and neuroprotective strategies are thought to represent promising approach to the therapy of MS. The therapeutic potential of glatiramer acetate (GA), a synthetic amino acid polymer composed of a mixture of l‐glutamic acid, l‐lysine, l‐alanine, and l‐tyrosine in defined proportions, in MS has been apparent for many years. GA has been shown to be effective in preventing and suppressing experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE), the animal model of MS. GA has been, therefore, evaluated in several clinical studies and found to alter the natural history of relapsing‐remitting (RR)MS by reducing the relapse rate and affecting disability. These findings were confirmed in open‐label follow‐up trials covering more than 10 years of treatment. The trials demonstrated sustained efficacy for GA in slowing the progression of disability. The clinical therapeutic effect of GA is consistent with the results of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings from various clinical centers. At a daily standard dose of 20 mg, s.c., GA was generally well tolerated. The induction of GA‐reactive T‐helper 2‐like regulatory suppressor cells is thought to be the main mechanism of the therapeutic action of this drug. In addition, it was recently shown that GA‐reactive T cells produce neurotrophic factors (e.g., brain‐derived neurotrophic factor [BDNF]) that protect neurons and axons in the area of injury.
Variations of L*a*b* Values among Vitapan® Classical Shade Guides
Authors: King Kenneth A. , DeRijk Waldemar G. 
Published: June 2007

Purpose:
To measure the variations in L*a*b* values of a group of 25 guides and to assess whether shade guides are indeed interchangeable.
Materials and Methods:
The L*a*b* values of individual shade tabs were measured with a LabScan(tm) XE scanning spectrocolorimeter (SSC) with a special attachment for reproducibly positioning shade tabs. Each shade guide (Vitapan Classical, Vident) contained 16 shade tabs. Absolute calibration of the SSC was performed with color tiles traceable to NIST. One shade guide was used to determine the reproducibility of the experimental method by measuring and then removing each shade tab of the standard 10 times. This assessed the variations in observed values induced by the measurement method and the geometry of the specimens. The entire sample consisted of 25 shade guides. The tabs of each of the 25 shade guides were read five times in the SSC, without moving the specimen. Measurements and calculations of E, L*, a*, and b* were performed using Universal Software V4.10 (Hunter Associates Laboratory). The mean, standard deviation, and range were determined of the E, L*, a*, and b* values for each one of the 16 shades in the shade guides. Differences in color are expressed as ΔE in color science. The standard deviation of E (Esd) and the range of E (Er) for each of the shades were used as a ΔE value to assess color differences.
Results:
For the reproducibility measurements, the shades had values for Er varying from 0.08 to 0.69, and Esd between 0.02 and 0.22. This established the detection limit for our method for each of the shades. For the group of 25 shade guides, Er varied from 0.75 to 3.05, and Esd from 0.22 to 0.54. The difference in value of Er obtained from the reproducibility test and the Er of the group of 25 guides is significant at p < 0.05. The same was found for Esd. The largest reproducible Er observed was 3.05 for shade C1.
Conclusions:
The differences observed between shade guides are larger than the variations induced by the experimental method. The difference in E values for the shades C1 and C2 is 2.19; hence the observed Er of 3.05 between shade tabs of the same shade (C1) is larger than the changes in color between shades. This large a variation in what are claimed as identical shade tabs is deemed of clinical importance, and therefore, the shade guides should not be considered interchangeable.
The Effect of a Constant Electrical Field on Osseointegration after Immediate Implantation in Dog Mandibles: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Shayesteh Yadollah Soleymani , Eslami Behnam , Dehghan Mohammad Mehdi , Vaziri Hamed , Alikhassi Marzyeh , Mangoli Amir , Khojasteh Arash 
Published: June 2007

Purpose:
The long time span between insertion of implants and functional rehabilitation often inconveniences patients. Accelerating bone growth around dental implants can shorten this time span. This in vivo study evaluated the effect of a constant electrical field on bone growth around dental implants.
Materials and Methods:
Four mongrel dogs were used in this study. Sixteen dental implants were placed immediately after extraction of the first premolar and molar teeth. A constant electrical field (CEF) generator was placed in the mucoperiostal pouch created from the subperiostral dissection under the inferior border of the dog's mandible and connected to the experiment side fixtures. CEF provided 3 V of electrical potential during osseointegration. Histologic sections were stained with hematoxylin–eosin and observed under light microscopy. The sections were analyzed histomorphometrically to calculate the amount of newly formed bone. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS 11.0 computer software (α= 0.05).
Results

: At the end of the first stage of the osseointegration (90 days) CEF group sections showed enhanced growth of the trabeculae compared with the control group. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences between experimental and control groups. Bone contact ratio was statistically significant in the experimental group (p= 0.001). An increase in the local bone formation and bone contact ratio was observed with direct electrical stimulation of the implant and the bone area around the implant.
Conclusion:
Minimal direct electrical current, which can produce an electrical field around the implant, can increase the amount of bone formation and decrease the time of osseointegration.
A Ten‐Year Chronicle of Student Attitudes Toward Foreign Language in the Elementary School
Authors: HEINING–BOYNTON AUDREY L. , HAITEMA THOMAS 
Published: June 2007

This article reports the results of 2 studies conducted over a 10‐year period that researched student attitudes toward early foreign language learning. These studies are unique because of the long time frame in which the students were followed, and the large data sets collected at the elementary school level. Surveys of students in the Foreign Language in the Elementary Schools (FLES) programs examined the attitudes of all children in 2 school systems in North Carolina: one suburban and one urban. The students studied either French or Spanish. The number of responses to the survey questions ranged from 22,549 to 52,227 for a 4‐year period. The results indicated that boys and girls had positive attitudes when responding to 2 questions about enjoyment of their FLES classes and teachers. The girls were positively inclined, and the boys were neutral, in their desire to continue with foreign language study in the next grade. Two items about the use of foreign language outside the school venue and comprehension of foreign language teacher input revealed negative attitudes for both genders.As a follow‐up to the quantitative study, qualitative data about attitudes toward foreign language speakers, foreign cultures, and their own education with respect to foreign language study were gathered through structured interviews. The participants were the same students who had completed the original surveys 10 years earlier. In corroboration of the quantitative data, a qualitative analysis revealed that, for a majority of the students, foreign language study was viewed positively, as were foreign language speakers and their cultures.
The Effects of Coronary Angioplasty on Nitroglycerin‐Induced Augmentation of Regional Myocardial Blood Flow
Authors: KERN MORTON J. , PRESANT STEPHEN , DELIGONUL UBEYDULLAH , VANDORMAEL MICHEL , KENNEDY HAROLD L. 
Published: June 2007

Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) may improve coronary vasomotor responses after relief of flow limiting luminal narrowings. To evaluate the effects of PTCA on nitro‐glycerin‐induced augmentation of coronary blood flow, great cardiac vein (thermodilution) blood flow and systemic hemodynamic responses to low (50 meg) and high (200 meg) dose intracoronary nitroglycerin (NTG) before and after PTCA were measured in 20 patients undergoing left anterior descending artery (LAD) balloon dilatation. Before PTCA, low dose NTG increased great vein flow 44 ±31% (from 56 ± 21 to 81 ± 33 mL/min, P < 0.01). High dose NTG increased great vein flow 55 + 30% (56 ± 23 to 87 ± 38 mL/min, P < 0.01). PTCA reduced LAD stenosis (79 ± 13 to 20 ± 9%, P < 0.01) and translesional pressure gradient (49 ± 10 to 15 ± 13 mmHg, P < 0.01) increasing post‐PTCA basal great vein flow 45% (56 ± 21 mL/min to 81 ±27 mL/min, P < 0.01).After PTCA, low dose NTG increased great vein flow only 26 ± 23% (81 ± 27 to 101 ± 39mL/min, P < 0.01; P < 0.05 versus 44 ± 31% before PTCA). The high dose NTG‐induced coronary hy‐peremic responses were unchanged after PTCA (55 ± 30, 55 ± 34%, P = ns). When compared to dose related NTG hyperemic responses in 10 patients with normal LAD, the post‐PTCA responses remained attenuated.These data indicate that NTG‐induced augmentation of coronary blood flow remains unchanged or attenuated and does not appear to be improved by PTCA. These findings should be considered when evaluating pharmacological coronary blood flow responses after PTCA. These data also suggest that epicardial coronary resistance plays a limited role in NTG‐induced augmentation of coronary blood flow inpatients with atherosclerotic coronary disease. (J Interven Cardiol 1988:1:2)
Suicidal thoughts in patients with Parkinson’s disease treated by deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nuclei: two case reports and review of the literature
Authors: Balash Yacov , Merims Doron , Giladi Nir 
Published: June 2007

Background:Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nuclei (STN) can result in depression despite the obvious motor improvement.Case presentations:Two patients with serious life-threatening depressive episodes are described. In the first case, the trigger for depression was a slight adjustment of the left stimulating electrode’s contact. In the second case, reducing both the dopaminergic therapy and the voltage of DBS resulted in the manifestation of depressive symptoms.Conclusions:DBS-induced depression possibly has pathogenetic differences from ordinary Parkinson’s disease depression. The STN region seems to be a sensitive zone that influences emotions.
Survival of 54 cats with oral squamous cell carcinoma in United Kingdom general practice
Authors: Hayes A. M. , Adams V. J. , Scase T. J. , Murphy S. 
Published: June 2007

Objectives:To determine the survival of 54 cats with histologically confirmed feline oral squamous cell carcinoma (FOSCC) treated in UK general practice and to determine factors predictive for survival.Methods:Cases were identified from consecutive samples submitted for histological diagnosis. Observational and survival data were collated retrospectively from submitting practices. Immunohistochemical analysis of cyclooxygenase (COX) expression variables was available using previously published data. Kaplan‐Meier product limit estimation for overall survival and Cox proportional hazards regression for potential explanatory variables were performed.Results:The overall median survival time was 44 days [95 per cent confidence interval (CI): 31–79] and 1 year survival was 9·5 per cent. Variables associated with survival were whether the cat was pedigree [hazard ratio (HR)=8·17, 95 per cent CI: 1·96–34·12], whether the cat received non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug (NSAID) therapy after diagnosis (HR=0·46, 95 per cent CI: 0·21–0·98) and whether the COX‐1 staining distribution was patchy rather than diffuse (HR=0·25, 95 per cent CI: 0·08–0·014).ClinicalSignificance:This study suggests that although the prognosis for inoperable FOSCC remains poor, palliative treatments may offer a survival advantage that compares favourably with more aggressive treatment methods. Further work is needed to evaluate NSAID therapy in this disease, in particular to determine whether the potential survival advantage is because of an analgesic or anticancer effect or both. COX‐1 distribution patterns may have a role as a prognostic indicator in this disease.
Marriage and Family Counseling in Industry*
Authors: Skidmore Rex A. , Skidmore C. Jay 
Published: June 2007

Marriage and family counseling in industry for employees and their dependents is relatively new and innovative.Exploratory descriptive materials of marriage and family counseling problems, cases, and services have been obtained from letters, reports, and interviews with counselors in industry and business.The main findings are:1. Industry is opening its doors to marriage and family counseling at home and abroad, both for humanitarian and financial reasons.2. A variety of programs and services are being offered and developed.3. Preliminary reports from industry indicate these services are helping families in trouble and improving productivity of employees.
ABSTRACTS
Authors: Taggart Morris 
Published: June 2007

Andolfi, M. Redefinition in family therapy. American Journal of Family Therapy,Clance, P. R. & Imes, S. A. The imposter phenomenon in high achieving women: dynamics and therapeutic intervention. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice,Feinstein, A. D. Personal mythology as a paradigm for a holistic public psychology. American Journal of Orthapsychiatry,Hatfield, A. B. The family as partner in the treatment of mental illness. Hospital and Community Psychiatry,McGuire, J. M. & Borowy, T. D. Attitudes toward mental health professionals. Professional Psychology,Olson, D. H., Sprenkle, D. H. & Russell, C. S. Circumplex model of marital and family systems: I. Cohesion and adaptability dimensions, family types, and clinical applications. Family Process,Perr, M. Social and cultural influences on the doctor's family. American Journal of Psychoanalysis,Russell, C. S. Circumplex model of marital and family systems: III. Empirical evaluation with families. Family Process,
Abstracts
Authors: Taggart Morris 
Published: June 2007

Ansell, C. Counter‐transference: A story. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and PracticeGurman, A. S. Behavioral marriage therapy in the 1980s: The challenge of integration. American Journal of Family TherapyMadanes, C, Dukes, J. & Harbin, H. Family ties of heroin addicts. Archives of General PsychiatryRausch, V. Cholecystectomy with self‐hypnosis. American Journal of Clinical HypnosisSaposnek, D. T. Aikido: A model for brief strategic therapy. Family ProcessWells, R. A. Engagement techniques in famiy therapy. International Journal of Family TherapyGoolishian, H. A. & Anderson, H. K. Discussions: Engagement techniques in family therapy. I. International Journal of Family TherapyEpstein, N. B. Discussions: Engagement techniques in family therapy. II. International Journal of Family TherapyZuger, B. Homosexuality and parental guilt. British Journal of Psychiatry
USE OF FAMILY IN THE TREATMENT OF SCHIZOPHRENIC AND PSYCHOPATHIC PATIENTS*
Authors: Midelfort C. F. 
Published: June 2007

Editor's Note. Occasionally, the Journal of Marital and Family Therapy will publish papers of major historical significance to the field of family therapy which, though written long before their appearance in the Journal, have remained unpublished and received little public circulation or attention. Such papers are those which, in the view of the Editor, would have been certain “classics” in the literature of family therapy had they been published when they were written, and which, despite their overdue appearance, are of significant enduring value.The first of these papers, by Dr. C. F Midelfort, appears here. Though essentially isolated from the family therapy movement that was soon to follow, Dr. Midelfort, in fact, published the first book on family therapy. The present article grows out of what was probably the first paper on family therapy ever presented at a psychiatric convention in the United States. In this paper, originally written almost exactly thirty years ago, Dr. Midelfort articulately presents a creative interweaving of an appreciation of the psychodynamics of family relationships with an ego‐oriented family approach to severe psychiatric disturbance in one family member. It is an innovative presage of the flexible use of the principles of family dynamics, social psychiatry and biological psychiatry that has been “discovered” only very recently in family therapy with schizophrenics.The paper is introduced by Dr. John E. Bell, to whom the Journal is grateful for bringing it to light.
TREATMENT OF CHILDREN'S FEARS: A STRATEGIC UTILIZATION APPROACH
Authors: Protinsky Howard 
Published: June 2007

The Sufi teaching story of the Watermelon Hunter perhaps teaches us much of what we need to know about Milton Erickson's strategic utilization approach to therapy:Once upon a time there was a man who strayed from his own country into the Land of Fools. He saw a number of people running in fear from a field where they had been trying to harvest wheat. They reported to this man that there was a monster in the field. Upon closer observation, the traveler saw that it was only a watermelon. The traveler offered to kill this monster for them, and he cut the watermelon from the stalk and ate it. The people then became more afraid of him than of the monster and drove him away from their village.It happened later that another man wandered into the Land of Fools, and the same thing began to take place. This man agreed, however, that it was a monster and led them tiptoeing away from it. He spent a long time with them and lived with them in their houses until he could slowly teach them the facts that would help them to loose their terror of melons. Eventually, they even grew melons for their own pleasure. (Shah, 1970)
REVIEWS
Authors: Piercy Fred P. 
Published: June 2007

PROFESSIONAL BOOKS: White, M. & Epston, D. (1990). Narrative means to therapeutic ends.PROFESSIONAL BOOKS: Beach, S. R. H., Sandeen, E. E., & O'Leary, K. D. (1990). Depression in marriage.PROFESSIONAL BOOKS: Goldenberg, H. & Goldenberg, I. Counseling today's families.PROFESSIONAL BOOKS: Gelcer, E., McCabe, A., & Smith‐Resnick, C. Milan family therapy: Variant and invariant methods.PROFESSIONAL BOOKS: Plumb, G. B. & Lindley, M. E. Humanizing child custody disputes: The family's team.GENERAL INTEREST BOOKS: Weiss, R. S. (1990). Staying the course: The emotional and social lives of men who do well at work.SELF HELP BOOKS: Patterson, G. R. & Forgatch, M. (1987). Parents and adolescents living together: Part 1, the basics.SELF HELP BOOKS: Forgathch, M. & Patterson, G. R. (1989). Parents and adolescents living together: Part 2, family problem solving.SELF HELP BOOKS: Conway, J. (1990). Adult children of legal or emotional divorce: Healing your long‐term hurt.SELF HELP BOOKS: Greteman J. & Dunne, J. (1990) When divorce happens: A guide for family and friends.SELF HELP BOOKS: Bepko, C. & Krestan, J. (1990) Too good for her own good: Breaking free from the burden of female responsibility.SELF HELP BOOKS: Earle R. & Crow, G. (1989). Lonely all the time: Recognizing, understanding, and overcoming sex addiction, for addicts and co‐dependents.SELF HELP BOOKS: Vaughan, P. (1989). The monogamy myth: A new understanding of affairs and how to survive them.VIDEOTAPE: School Problems. (1989). (Edited videotape of two sessions of Joel Bergman working with a single parent family.)VIDEOTAPE: To Dethrone a Padrone. (1989) (Edited videotape of three sessions of Joel Bergman and Judith Morgan working with a youg man having difficulties moving into adulthood.)
BOOK REVIEWS
Authors: Piercy Fred P. 
Published: June 2007

Book reviewed in this article:Professional Books: Akamatsu, T. J., Stephens, M. A. P., Hobfoll, S. E., & Crowther, J. H. (Eds.). (1992). Family health psychology.Professional Books:Macy, J. (1991). Mutual causality in Buddhism and general systems theory.Professional Books:McNamee, S., & Gergen, K. J. (Eds.). (1993). Therapy as social construction.Professional Books:Grove, D. R., & Haley, J. (1993). Conversations of therapy: Popular problems and uncommon solutions.Self‐Help Books:Barth, J. (1993). It runs in my family: Overcoming the legacy of family illness.Self‐Help Books:Sachs, B. E. (1992). Things just haven't been the same: Making the transition from marriage to parenthood.Self‐Help Books:Becker, M. R. (1992). Lost touch: Preparing for a parent's death.VedioTaps:Conversation with a Blended Family: A Burning Qestion; An Interview with Harry Goolishian. (1993).VedioTaps:Sex, Love, and Babies. (1993). (Videotape of how having a baby changes the relationship between parents).VedioTaps:Learning Disabilities: A Parent's Guide. (1993). (Videotape of information for parents, mental health professionals, and educators regarding the process of diagnosing a learning disability and establishing an individual education program).
PROCESS, ROBLEMS, AND SOLUTIONS IN BRIEF THERAPY
Authors: Fraser J. Scott 
Published: June 2007

The MRI problem‐solving and the recently popular solution‐amplifying approaches to brief therapy are described as based upon the same process point of view. A process view is described in contrast to a structural view of human interactions. It is argued that an exclusive focus on amplifying perceived solutions without clearly defining problem patterns may become a problem. Clear articulation of a therapist's assumptions about human interaction, problems, and therapeutic solutions is strongly advocated. Creativity, flexibility, effectiveness, and efficiency are likely to be by‐products of such clarity. Without it, our therapeutic zeal in searching for solutions is likely to become a problem.A Japanese coastal village was once threatened by a tidal wave, but the wave was sighted in advance, far out on the horizon, by a lone farmer in the rice fields on the hillside above the village. At once he set fire to the fields, and the villagers who came swarming up to save their crops were saved from the flood.
BOOK REVIEWS
Authors: Peircy Fred P. 
Published: June 2007

Book reviewed in this article:PROFESSIONAL BOOKS: Doherty, W. J. (1995). Soul searching: Why psychotherapy must promote moral responsibility.PROFESSIONAL BOOKS: McGoldrick, M. (1995). You can go home again Reconnecting with your family.PROFESSIONAL BOOKS: Chamberlain, P. (1994). Family connections: A treatment foster care model for adolescents with delinquency.PROFESSIONAL BOOKS: Emery, R. E. (1994). Renegotiating family relationships: Divorce, child custody, and mediation.PROFESSIONAL BOOKS: Worden, M. (1994). Family therapy basics.PROFESSIONAL BOOKS: Stahl, P. M. (1994). Conducting child custody evaluations: A comprehensive guide.PROFESSIONAL BOOKS: Karpel, M. A. (1994). Evaluating couples: A handbook for practitioners.PROFESSIONAL BOOKS: Johnson, S. M., & Greenberg, L. S. (1994). The heart of the matter: Perspectives on emotion in marital therapy.GENERAL INTEREST BOOKS: Wallerstein, J. S., & Blakeslee, S. (1995). The good marriage: How and why love lasts.GENERAL INTEREST BOOKS: Straus, M. (1994). Beating the devil out of them: Corporal punishment in American families.SELF‐HELP BOOKS: Kelley, P. (1995). Developing healthy stepfamilies.SELF‐HELP BOOKS: Mueser, K., & Gingerich, S. (1994). Coping with schizophrenia: A guide for families.SELF‐HELP BOOKS: Grant, G. G. (1995). The best kind of loving: A black woman's guide to finding intimacy.VIDEOTAPE REVIEW: Couples Skills: Making Your Relationship Work. (1995). (Videotape based on the book of the same name.)