bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic variability of human immunodeficiency virus‐1 in Bahia state, Northeast, Brazil: High diversity of HIV genotypes
Authors: Monteiro Joana Paixão , Alcantara Luiz Carlos Junior , de Oliveira Tulio , Oliveira Antonio Marcos , Melo Marco Antônio Gomes , Brites Carlos , Galvão‐Castro Bernardo 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe HIV‐1 genetic variability in Bahia state, Brazil, was investigated. DNA samples from 229 and 213 HIV‐1‐infected individuals were analyzed using the heteroduplex mobility assay (HMA) in gag and env fragments, respectively. One hundred seventy‐five samples were characterized in both genes. Thirty‐two subtype F and BF recombinant viruses were sequenced and analyzed by phylogenetic methods. The combination of HMA and sequencing results showed that seven different HIV‐1 genotypes comprised this sample: 147 (84%) B/B, 4 (2.3%) F/F, 3 (1.7%) B/F, 1 (0.6%) F/B, 1 (0.6%) F/D, 1 (0.6%) BF/F, and 18 (10.3%) BF/B. A significant divergence was observed between these two techniques results (84.4%). This is explained by the low accuracy of the HMA for detecting recombinant viruses. These recombinants were unrelated to CRF12, while two sequences were related to CRF28 and CRF29. Nineteen BF mosaics shared the same gag breakpoint. In conclusion, the use of HMA may be inappropriate in regions where different subtypes are co‐circulating. Subtype B is the most common genotype, however, an increased prevalence (13.1%) of different BF variants and a potentially new CRF suggest that recombination is occurring frequently in Bahia. These viruses were associated with women infected heterosexually. Finally, this study identified the presence of an F/D recombinant HIV‐1 in Brazil. J. Med. Virol. 81:391–399, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evaluation of properties of chitosan as an adjuvant for inactivated influenza vaccines administered parenterally
Authors: Ghendon Yuri , Markushin Stanislav , Vasiliev Yuri , Akopova Irina , Koptiaeva Irina , Krivtsov Georgy , Borisova Olga , Ahmatova Nelly , Kurbatova Ekaterina , Mazurina Svetlana , Gervazieva Valentina 
Published: January 2009

AbstractStudies on mice showed that chitosan as an adjuvant for H5 inactivated influenza vaccines administered intramuscularly enhances significantly antibody titers and protective efficiency not only against homologous influenza viruses, but also against drift variants. Chitosan adjuvanted vaccines induced high antibody titers after a single immunization and with a low dose of antigen. High antibody titers remained for at least 6 months. Chitosan adjuvanted vaccine stored at 4°C preserves its adjuvant properties for at least 8 months. Chitosan stimulates proliferative and cytotoxic activity of splenic mononuclear leukocytes in mice and promotes an increase in the numbers of CD3, CD3/NK, I‐AK (MHC II), and H‐2Db (MHC I) cells. After intramuscular immunization, chitosan did not induce IgE antibodies and antibodies against chitosan itself. Chitosan is a promising adjuvant candidate for inactivated influenza vaccines administered parenterally. J. Med. Virol. 81:494–506, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
High‐risk HPV types in lesions of the uterine cervix of female commercial sex workers in the Philippines
Authors: Miyashita Michiko , Agdamag Dorothy M. , Sasagawa Toshiyuki , Matsushita Kaori , Salud Lourdes Ma. , Salud Calixto O. , Saikawa Kunikazu , Leano Prisca S. , Pagcaliwagan Teresita , Acuna Jessica , Ishizaki Azumi , Kageyama Seiji , Ichimura Hiroshi 
Published: January 2009

AbstractIn order to prevent cervical cancer, vaccines against human papilloma virus types 16 (HPV‐16) and 18 (HPV‐18) have been implemented worldwide. However, the HPV types that cause cancer can differ according to geographical area and ethnicity. In this new era of the HPV vaccine, it is important to elucidate the prevalent HPV types in each area. Therefore, the prevalence of HPV infection and cervical abnormalities among 369 female commercial sex workers in the Philippines were examined. HPV L1 gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using modified GP5+/6+ primers, and genotyping was performed by sequencing cloned PCR products. HPV DNA was detected in 211 (57.2%) women, among whom 46 HPV types were identified. HPV‐52 was most common and multiple‐type infection was observed in 44.5%. Among 56 women with abnormal cervical cytology (low‐ and high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesions and adenocarcinoma in situ), HPV‐52 was most common (23.2%), followed by HPV‐16 (19.6%), ‐58 (10.7%), and ‐67 (10.7%). Only 27% of these women were positive for HPV‐16 and ‐18. Multivariate analysis revealed that HPV‐16, ‐39, ‐52, ‐67, and ‐82 were significantly associated with abnormal cytology. Repeated analysis of HPV‐52 single‐positive samples using the original GP5+/6+ PCR primers produced negative results in 57% of cases, suggesting that the prevalence of HPV‐52 infection may have been underestimated in previous studies, and the current vaccines may not be sufficient for preventing infection and the development of premalignant lesions of the cervix in women in the Philippines. J. Med. Virol. 81:545–551, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Identification of the novel KI Polyomavirus in paranasal and lung tissues
Authors: Babakir‐Mina Muhammed , Ciccozzi Massimo , Campitelli Laura , Aquaro Stefano , Coco Achille Lo , Perno Carlo Federico , Ciotti Marco 
Published: January 2009

AbstractKI is a novel polyomavirus identified in the respiratory secretions of children with acute respiratory symptoms. Whether this reflects a causal role of the virus in the human respiratory disease remains to be established. To investigate the presence of KIV in the respiratory tissue, we examined 20 fresh lung cancer specimens and surrounding normal tissue along with one paranasal and one lung biopsy from two transplanted children. KIV‐VP1 gene was detected in 9/20 lung cancer patients and 2/2 transplanted patients. However, amplification of the sequence coding for the C‐terminal part of the early region of KIV performed on the 11 positive cases was successful only in two malignant lung tissues, one surrounding normal tissue, and 1/2 biopsies tested. Phylogenetic analysis performed on the early region of KIV (including the four Italian isolates), BKV and JCV revealed the presence of three distinct clades. Within the KIV clade two sub‐clades were observed. A sub‐clade A containing the four Italian strains, and a sub‐clade B comprising the Swedish and Australian isolates. Interestingly, the two Italian strains identified in normal tissue clustered together, whereas those detected in malignant tissue fell outside this cluster. In vitro studies are needed to investigate the transforming potential of KIV strains. J. Med. Virol. 81:558–561, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Increased detection of HBV DNA in HBsAg‐positive and HBsAg‐negative South African HIV/AIDS patients enrolling for highly active antiretroviral therapy at a Tertiary Hospital
Authors: Lukhwareni Azwidowi , Burnett Rosemary J. , Selabe S. Gloria , Mzileni M. Olga , Mphahlele M. Jeffrey 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThis retrospective study investigated the prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in 192 stored sera from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive South African patients initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART), and explored the implications of HBV–HIV co‐infection on laboratory diagnosis of HBV. HBV serology (HBsAg, anti‐HBs and anti‐HBc) and nested HBV PCR assays targeting the HBV polymerase gene were performed, with HBV DNA positive samples being quantified with Cobas Taqman HBV test 48 assay (Roche Diagnostics). The study found that 63% (121/192) of patients had past or present HBV infection, and 40.6% (78/192) had detectable HBV DNA. Also, 22.9% (44/192) of patients were HBsAg positive and HBV DNA positive, while 23% (34/148) of HBsAG negatives had occult HBV infections. Of the 78 HBV DNA positive samples, 62.8% had viral loads ranging from 102 to ≥108 IU/ml, and 37.2% had HBV viral loads <200 IU/ml. There was a statistically significant positive association between HBsAg‐positivity and high viral loads, with 27% (12/44) of HBsAg positives having HBV viral loads between 104 and ≥108 IU/ml, compared to only 5.9% (2/34) of HBsAg negatives (relative risk: 4.64; 95% confidence interval: 1.11, 19.35; chi‐square P‐value = 0.015). The study shows that the majority of HIV/AIDS patients initiating ART have either acute or chronic HBV infections, and further confirms that HIV remains a risk factor for occult HBV infections in South African patients as previously shown. The findings strongly support HBV screening in all HIV‐positive patients initiating ART in South Africa, considering that current ART regimens include drugs with anti‐HBV activity (e.g., lamivudine). J. Med. Virol. 81:406–412, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Identification of mutations in a temperature‐sensitive mutant (tsm5) of murine cytomegalovirus using complementary genome sequencing
Authors: Timoshenko Olga , Al‐Ali Abdulaziz , Martin Brian A.B. , Sweet Clive 
Published: January 2009

AbstractIdentification of mutations in mutants derived chemically is a difficult and relatively random process. NimbleGen Comparative Genome Sequencing (CGS) was assessed as an inexpensive, rapid method of identifying mutations in the temperature‐sensitive mutant tsm5 of the K181 (Birmingham) variant of murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV). This genome resequencing approach requires an established genome sequence as a reference. Comparison of tsm5 and the K181 (Birmingham) variant with the published K181 (Perth) MCMV genomic sequence revealed a total of 10 synonymous and 15 non‐synonymous SNPs in tsm5 and 14 of the latter were confirmed by sequencing. Thus, while CGS cannot be relied upon to identify correctly all mutations it was helpful for identifying a large number of mutations for further investigation that could contribute to the ts phenotype of tsm5. J. Med. Virol. 81:511–518, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Severity and age of rotavirus diarrhea, but not socioeconomic conditions, are associated with rotavirus seasonality in Venezuela
Authors: Schael Irene Pérez , González Rosabel , Salinas Belén 
Published: January 2009

AbstractRotavirus (RV) epidemiology presents differences between developing and developed countries among which are seasonality, age at first infection, variability of strain in circulation and severity of disease. Since, in Venezuela, we have distinct seasonal patterns of RV occurrence, we examined the epidemiological profile of RV disease associated to these differences by analyzing data from previous studies conducted in Venezuela. Data were collected from children <5 years of age with diarrhea seen in six hospitals located in five cities. Socio‐demographic and clinical characteristics of RV illness were analyzed according to RV identification by ELISA assay and the seasonal patterns of RV circulation (marked versus minimal seasonality). A total of 6,742 episodes of diarrhea (1,820 rotavirus positive and 4,922 rotavirus negative) were evaluated: 1,951 in Caracas, Cumaná and Pto. Ordaz (minimal seasonality) and 4,791 in Mérida and Valencia (marked seasonality). Mean age (months) of children with RV was 8.14 ± 6.74 and 12.21 ± 9.62 (P < 0.0001) in areas with minimal and marked seasonality, respectively. RV disease was more frequent (33% vs. 24%; OR = 1.536; 95% CI: 1.36–1.73), more severe (dehydration: 64% vs. 29%; OR = 4.436; 95% CI: 3.61–5.44) and more common in infants than in older children (79% vs. 60%; OR = 2.521; 95% CI: 2.01–3.14) in cities with minimal seasonality than in those with marked seasonality. Socioeconomic conditions were not associated with seasonality. In environments with minimal seasonality, children are infected with RV at younger ages and the disease is more severe regardless of malnutrition and poverty. J. Med. Virol. 81:562–567, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Polymorphisms at GLUT1 gene are not associated with the development of TSP/HAM in Brazilian HTLV‐1 infected individuals and the discovery of a new polymorphism at GLUT1 gene
Authors: Costa Giselle Calasans Souza , Azevedo Rochele , Gadelha Sandra Rocha , Kashima Simone Haddad , Muricy Gabriel , Olavarria Viviana Nila , Covas Dimas Tadeu , Takayanagui Osvaldo Massaiti , Galvão‐Castro Bernardo , Alcantara Luiz Carlos Júnior 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe development of HTLV‐1 associated clinical manifestations, such as TSP/HAM and ATLL, occur in 2–4% of the infected population and it is still unclear why this infection remains asymptomatic in most infected carriers. Recently, it has been demonstrated that HTLV uses the Glucose transporter type 1 (GLUT1) to infect T‐CD4+ lymphocytes and that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in the GLUT1 gene are associated with diabetic nephropathy in patients with diabetes mellitus in different populations. These polymorphisms could contribute to a higher GLUT1 protein expression on cellular membrane, facilitating the entry of HTLV and its transmission cell by cell. This could result in a higher provirus load and consequently in the development of TSP/HAM. To evaluate the role of GLUT1 gene polymorphisms in the development of TSP/HAM in HTLV‐1 infected individuals, the g.22999G > T, g.15339T > C and c.‐2841A > T sites were analyzed by PCR/RFLP or sequencing in 244 infected individuals and 102 normal controls. The proviral load of the HTLV‐1 infected patients was also analyzed using Real Time Quantitative PCR. Genotypic and allelic frequencies of the three sites did not differ significantly between controls and HTLV‐1 infected individuals. There was no difference in genotypic and allelic distributions among patients as to the presence or absence of HTLV‐1 associated clinic manifestations. As regards the quantification of the provirus load, we observed a significant reduction in the asymptomatic individuals compared with the oligosymptomatic and TSP/HAM individuals. These results suggest that g.22999G > T, g.15339T > C, and c.‐2841A > T SNP do not contribute to HTLV‐1 infection nor to the genetic susceptibility of TSP/HAM in Brazilian HTLV‐1 infected individuals. J. Med. Virol. 81:552–557, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Occult hepatitis B in persons infected with HIV is associated with low CD4 counts and resolves during antiretroviral therapy
Authors: Cohen Stuart James W.T. , Velema Marieke , Schuurman Rob , Boucher Charles A.B. , Hoepelman Andy I.M. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractOccult hepatitis B virus (HBV) is defined by the presence of plasma HBV DNA in individuals with HBV core antibodies (anti‐HBc), but without HBV surface antigen (HBsAg). The prevalence of occult HBV in HIV‐infected patients remains controversial, and the risk factors, clinical significance and effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) are unknown. The aim of this study was to determine prevalence, risk factors, and clinical significance of occult HBV in HIV‐infected patients and to evaluate the effect of HAART. Plasma HBV DNA levels were determined in 191 HIV positive, antiretroviral naïve patients, who were anti‐HBc positive and HBsAg negative. Quantitative HBV DNA was determined using a Taqman real‐time nested PCR. Additionally, plasma HIV RNA levels, CD4 cell counts, anti‐HBs‐antibodies, anti‐HCV‐antibodies, ALT, AST, and γGT were determined. Occult HBV (a plasma HBV DNA level >50 copies/ml) was detected in 9/191 (4.7%) of the patients. Among 45 anti‐HBs‐negative patients (isolated anti‐HBc positive), the prevalence was 11.1%. Patients with occult HBV had significantly lower CD4 count compared to anti‐HBc‐positive/HBsAg negative/HBV DNA‐negative patients (105 ± 157 (median ± SD) vs. 323 ± 299 cells/mm3, P = 0.019). When HAART (including lamivudine) was initiated in the patients with occult HBV, HBV DNA was no longer detectable in any of the patients during 3 years of follow‐up. In conclusion, occult HBV was associated with low CD4 counts and may be viewed as opportunistic reactivation of HBV that resolves as a consequence of HAART induced immune reconstitution and/or the effect of lamivudine. J. Med. Virol. 81:441–445, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Seasonal shifts of group A rotavirus strains as a possible mechanism of persistence in the human population
Authors: Parra Gabriel I. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThis article demonstrates how the seasonal predominance of a new rotavirus strain in Asuncion, Paraguay is correlated with a wide spectrum of age groups of children infected in that given season. Therefore, this study provides new evidence to support the idea that seasonal shift of rotavirus strains is a possible mechanism used by the virus to evade herd immunity (acquired by the population due to previous infections) and, thus, ultimately persist in that population. J. Med. Virol. 81:568–571, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prognostic factors of long‐term CD4+count‐guided interruption of antiretroviral treatment
Authors: Sarmati L. , Andreoni C. , Nicastri E. , Tommasi C. , Buonomini A. , D'Ettorre G. , Corpolongo A. , Dori L. , Montano M. , Volpi A. , Narciso P. , Vullo V. , Andreoni M. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractAim of the study was to determine predictors of the duration of antiretroviral treatment interruption in patients infected with HIV. This pilot prospective, open‐label, multicenter trial comprised 62 HIV‐seropositive subjects who decided voluntarily to interrupt therapy after two or more years of successful HAART. The primary end‐point was the time to patients being free of therapy before reaching a CD4+ cell count ≤350/µl. Fifteen of 62 patients remained in treatment interruption for more than 180 days. Patients restarting therapy had higher HIV‐DNA levels (P = 0.05), were treated more frequently with NNRTI‐drugs (P = 0.02), had a shorter period of HAART (P = 0.046), and lower CD4+ cell counts after day 14 of interruption of treatment (P = 0.04). Multivariate regression analysis showed that less than 323 baseline proviral HIV‐DNA cp/106 PBMCs and more than 564 CD4 cells/µl at day 14 after interruption were associated independently with a reduced risk of restarting treatment (P = 0.041 and P = 0.012, respectively). A score based on CD4+ cell counts at nadir, at baseline, at week 2 of treatment interruption, and on baseline HIV‐DNA values can identify patients with a prolonged period free safely of treatment. J. Med. Virol. 81:481–487, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Phosphothioated oligodeoxynucleotides induce nonspecific effects on neuronal cell adhesion in a growth substrate‐dependent manner
Authors: Okun Eitan , Mattson Mark P. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractSynthetic phosphothioated (PTO) oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) sequences are commonly used for a variety of applications that benefit from nuclease protection. The PTO modification is implemented mainly in antisense ODN, but also in ODN that were shown to activate members of the toll‐like receptor (TLR) family such as TLR3 (poly‐I:C), TLR8 (ssRNA), and TLR9 (CpG). Neurons are routinely plated on surfaces coated with either cationic substances such as poly‐L‐ornithine (PLO), polyethylenimine (PEI), poly‐L‐lysine or ECM components such as laminin, collagen, or fibronectin. We found that PTO‐ODN aimed at activating TLR9 induces a non‐TLR9‐specific detachment phenotype in cortical neurons plated on either laminin or PEI, but not on PLO. This phenotype was correlated with decreased viability and was partially inhibited when caspase‐3 was inhibited with Ac‐DEVD‐CMK. This finding suggests that the use of PTO‐ODN can cause nonspecific effects on cell adhesion that could compromise interpretation of data from experiments using PTO‐ODN. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Monads and instanton bundles on smooth hyperquadrics
Authors: Costa Laura , Miró–Roig Rosa Maria 
Published: January 2009

AbstractIn this paper we study instanton bundles on quadric hypersurfaces from the algebraic and geometric point of view. We discuss examples and we give a cohomological characterization (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Accurate assessment of clinical nurses' work environments: Response rate needed
Authors: Kramer Marlene , Schmalenberg Claudia , Brewer Barbara B. , Verran Joyce A. , Keller‐Unger Jan 
Published: January 2009

AbstractImprovement of hospital unit work environments is key to quality patient care, productivity, nurse retention, and job satisfaction. Accurate measurement of such environments is necessary prior to introduction and evaluation of improvement structures and strategies. Characteristics and attributes of work environments are group level phenomena. Accurate assessment of these phenomena requires survey response rates of sufficient size to ensure sample representativeness and data that can reliably be aggregated to group level. What is the sufficient response rate? This question was answered through psychometric testing of five random samples from the population of 23 M.D. Anderson Cancer Center clinical units that had 100% response rates on an environmental survey. Response rates of 40% or more had acceptable psychometric properties for unit‐specific scales. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 32:229–240, 2009
Lymphangiogenesis in gastric carcinoma correlates with prognosis
Authors: Gao Peng , Zhou Geng‐Yin , Zhang Qing‐Hui , Su Zhong‐Xue , Zhang Ting‐Guo , Xiang Lei , Wang Yan , Zhang Shun‐Li , Mu Kun 
Published: January 2009

AbstractLymphatic metastasis is an important way that gastric carcinomas can spread. However, little is known about the mechanisms of lymphangiogenesis and its clinical significance in gastric carcinomas. In the present study, lymphatic vessel density (LVD), VEGF‐C expression, and proliferative activity of lymphatic endothelium were determined in human gastric carcinomas and xenografts of gastric cancer cells in nude mice. The development of lymphangiogenesis and its correlation with patient prognosis were investigated. The results showed that lymphatic vessels were observed mainly in peripheral tumour tissue with significantly (p < 0.05) higher P‐LVD (peri‐tumoural‐LVD) than I‐LVD (intra‐tumoural‐LVD). The expression of VEGF‐C was heterogeneous within tumours, with a significantly higher expression (immunostaining score) at the margin than at the tumour centre (p < 0.05). A significant correlation was found between VEGF‐C expression at the margin (but not at the centre) and P‐LVD (r = 0.72, p < 0.01). High proliferative activity of lymphatic endothelium was also observed in the peripheral tissues, with a significant correlation between proliferative activity of lymphatic endothelium and VEGF‐C expression (p < 0.05). These data imply that the increased lymphatics may have been newly formed following stimulation by VEGF‐C. High VEGF‐C expression at the margin of gastric carcinomas could induce lymphangiogenesis in the peri‐tumoural stroma and contribute to the increased P‐LVD. The data from mice tumour xenografts also suggested that VEGF‐C produced from the transplanted gastric carcinoma cells could induce lymphangiogenesis around them. In patients, VEGF‐C expression at tumour margins was associated with nodal metastasis, lymphatic vessel invasion, poor recurrence‐free survival, and poor overall survival, and could serve as an independent predictor for patients with gastric carcinoma. Copyright © 2009 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.