bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Infected charcot spine
Authors: Yoshizato Hiromu , Morimoto Tadatsugu , Nonaka Toshihiro , Hirata Hirohito , Mawatari Masaaki 
Published: February 2024

Key Clinical MessagePatients with an infected charcot spine (ICS) may experience little or no back pain despite severe vertebral destruction. Understanding the pathophysiology underlying ICS and its differential diagnoses is crucial for its accurate diagnosis. Worsening symptoms of chronic charcot spine should raise suspicions of an infection.
Chemogenetic Tools in Focus: Proximity, Conformation, and Sterics
Authors: Shen Jiaqi , Zhou Guanwei , Wang Wenjing 
Published: February 2024

AbstractChemogenetic tools are genetically encoded systems regulated by user‐defined chemicals. Their ability to temporally modulate protein functions in specific cell populations has facilitated in‐depth understanding of dynamic biological systems. Many chemogenetic domains have been developed for regulating a wide range of biological processes, ranging from cellular events to animal behaviors. These tools share some common mechanisms, including proximity regulation, conformational change and allosteric control, as well as steric hinderance control. Here in this review, we aim to provide an overview of different chemogenetic tool designs that utilize the above three common mechanisms to control cellular events.
Unleashing the Potential of Boron Nitride Spheres for High‐Performance Thermal Management
Authors: Jiang Hongbo , Cai Qiran , Mateti Srikanth , Shao Hao , Sathikumar Gautham , Zeng Xiaoliang , Sun Rong , Huang Shaoming , Zhi Chunyi , Chen Ying Ian 
Published: February 2024

AbstractHighly integrated and miniaturized electronic devices require advanced thermal management techniques to improve reliability and performance. Thanks to their high thermal conductivity and electrical insulation, boron nitride nanosheets (BNNSs) are commomly used as fillers to construct thermally conductive polymer composites for heat dissipation. However, the BNNS reinforced composites exhibit anisotropic thermal conductivity due to the anisotropic structure of BNNSs. Micro‐sized boron nitride spheres (BNSs) with isotropic thermal conductivity are considered one of the best solutions. Nevertheless, precisely measuring the thermal conductivity of BNSs remains a challenge, limiting the understanding of the thermal transport mechanism. Herein, we have successfully estimated the thermal conductivity of BNSs using the laser flash method. Factors influencing BNSs’ thermal conductivity, including precursor, polymer binder and sintering temperature, are also investigated. Under optimized conditions, BNSs exhibit high, isotropic thermal conductivity of 37.2±2.5 W/(m ⋅ K), and the BNS pellet outperforms its h‐BN counterpart in heat dissipation for an LED light. This superiority is attributed to outstanding heat transfer performance in the cross‐plane direction, in addition to high in‐plane thermal conductivity. This study provides a feasible method to estimate the thermal conductivity of spherical materials and highlights promising boron nitride materials with isotropic thermal conductivity for heat dissipation in advanced electronics.
FogSec: A secure and effective mutual authentication scheme for fog computing
Authors: Raja Sree Thankaraja , Harish R. , Veni T. 
Published: February 2024

SummaryAs opposed to cloud servers, fog servers, and fog users may be malicious, so developing a mutual identity‐preserving authentication mechanism between them is a crucial and difficult problem in fog computing. Such a technique must conceal the user's true identity from the adversary; otherwise, the adversary will be able to determine which fog user and fog server are in communication. This article suggests a secure and reliable anonymous mutual authentication system for use at the network's edge between fog users and fog servers. With the aid of the registration authority (RA) in our system, they can verify one another and decide on a new session key that will be used to encrypt messages throughout the session. Fog users don't need to re‐register with RA to wander freely over the network and authenticate to any fog server that is within their range. The proposed technique only needs a small number of symmetric encryption/decryption and one‐way hash functions, making it easy to implement for fog‐user devices with limited resources. The new scheme's performance is evaluated in comparison to the existing one, showing that it is more resilient to various types of assaults (such as known plaintext attacks, man‐in‐the‐middle attacks, session hijacking, etc.). The widely used Automated Validation of Internet Security Protocols and Applications tool is used to verify the proposed system. The outcomes demonstrate that our approach can safely withstand different attacks and accomplish the desired outcomes. Additionally, the proposed method is tested in real‐world scenarios with the NS3 simulator.
Phase Evolution, Dielectric, and Electric Behavior of Sm‐Doped BCTO Ceramic Fabricated by Semi‐Wet Method
Authors: Prajapati Dinesh , Rai Vishnu Shankar , Kumar Atendra , Singh N. B. , Verma Harish , Upadhyay Shail , Mandal K. D 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBi(2/3)‐xSmxCu3Ti4O12 (BSCTO x = 0.05, 0.10, and 0.20) ceramics are synthesized using semi‐wet technique and an extensive investigation into their structural, morphological, and elemental properties, alongside dielectric and impedance behaviors, is meticulously carried out. X‐ray powder diffraction analysis unequivocally confirmed the formation of a monophasic BCTO cubic phase without any discernible secondary phases. and the crystallite size of the BSCTO ceramic, obtained by X‐ray diffraction using Debye Scherrer formula, range from 62 to 81 nm. Rietveld analysis reveals that ceramics have a body centered cubic structure with space group Im‐3. The Scanning electron microscope image displays the dense microstructure of the ceramics, while EDX analysis unveils the elemental composition of resulting products. Doping with Sm3+ induced a notable reduction in grain size, as observed through Scanning electron microscope and Atomic Force Microscope analyses, indicating Sm3+ hindered grain growth during sintering, potentially resulting in reduced dielectric constant (ε′). Dielectric constant and dielectric loss of the composition (x = 0.2) are found to be 152 and 0.04, respectively at room temperature (1 kHz). Impedance characteristics revealed a substantial increase in grain boundary resistance, leading to improved dielectric loss. The AC conductivity of BSCTO ceramics exhibited a frequency‐dependent increase satisfying to Johncher's power law.
The origin of 2,5‐dimethoxy‐4‐methylamphetamine (DOM, STP)
Authors: Trout Keeper , Daley Paul F. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe story of the 1967 appearance of the powerful psychedelic 2,5‐dimethoxy‐4‐methylamphetamine (DOM, STP) commonly omits details and often includes hyperbole and inaccuracies. It is well known how and when the drug was first distributed to the public for free by Owsley Stanley, but the role that Alexander Shulgin played in providing that material is not as well understood. In the interest of transparency and historical accuracy, this article attempts to present an accurate account of this well‐known but inadequately detailed event. It follows DOM's development as an experimental substance believed to hold potential promise in psychotherapeutic applications through its appearance as a street drug generating bad press and a lasting bad impression among the public. One of the more interesting questions is why Shulgin would have taken such an immense risk in releasing this material to clandestine operators. While DOM was still legal it was also Dow's intellectual property, so discovery of his involvement could have jeopardized his career. The escape is especially curious as all fingers would logically first point towards Shulgin as the source. Drawing from published and unpublished sources, the authors attempt to suggest answers. DOM rapidly faded into oblivion before human pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics could be established. In this account, the reader is informed of the potential value that the compound played in non‐clinical molecular neuroscience, elucidating receptor specificity of new drugs, and how mistaken warnings about combining DOM with chlorpromazine led to better non‐pharmacological drug crisis response.
One‐Pot Synthesis of 2‐(Alkylsulfanyl)quinolines from Aryl Isothiocyanates and Allenes or Alkynes
Authors: Nedolya Nina A. , Tarasova Ol'ga A. , Artem'ev Alexander V. , Albanov Alexander I. , Bagryanskaya Irina Yu. , Trofimov Boris A. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn this work, a conceptually novel approach to diversely substituted 2‐(alkylsulfanyl)quinolines is described. The approach includes the assembly of the target molecules from allenic or acetylenic carbanions, aromatic isothiocyanates, and alkylating agents. The process proceeds in a single synthetic operation via the formation and 6π‐electrocyclization of N‐aryl‐1‐aza‐1,3,4‐trienes, R2R3C=C=C(R1)C(SAlk)=NAr, with the participation of the carbon‐carbon double bond of the phenyl group and the azadiene fragment of the azatrienic system.
Conservative solution transfer between anisotropic meshes for time‐accurate hybridized discontinuous Galerkin methods
Authors: Levý Tomáš , May Georg 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWe present a hybridized discontinuous Galerkin (HDG) solver for general time‐dependent balance laws. In particular, we focus on a coupling of the solution process for unsteady problems with our anisotropic mesh refinement framework. The goal is to properly resolve all relevant unsteady features with the smallest possible number of mesh elements, and hence to reduce the computational cost of numerical simulations while maintaining its accuracy. A crucial step is then to transfer the numerical solution between two meshes, as the anisotropic mesh adaptation is producing highly skewed, non‐nested sequences of triangular grids. For this purpose, we adopt the Galerkin projection for the HDG solution transfer as it preserves the conservation of physically relevant quantities and does not compromise the accuracy of high‐order method. We present numerical experiments verifying these properties of the anisotropically adaptive HDG method.
Mediating effect of financial inclusion on FinTech innovations and economic development in West Africa: Evidence from the Benin Republic
Authors: Tchidi Guillaume Edou , Zhang Wei 
Published: February 2024

AbstractStudies from previous literature has exhausted the direct relationship between FinTech innovations and economic development with mixed findings. Thus, the current study investigates the mediating effect of financial inclusion on FinTech innovations and economic development in the Benin Republic. The study is survey research that used a questionnaire from bank customers and residents of suburb areas with a sample size of 357 respondents. The study employed a regression‐based data analysis technique using SPSS and SEM‐PLS 3 software. The results indicate a positive and significant relationship between FinTech and economic development. In addition, there is a positive and significant association between financial inclusion and economic development. The study also reports a positive and significant mediating role of financial inclusion in the relationship between financial technology and economic development. Consequently, the research confirms that financial inclusion serves as a crucial mechanism through which financial technology influences economic development. In light of these findings, it is recommended that efforts to enhance financial inclusion in the Benin Republic should specifically focus on fostering FinTech innovations to support sustainable economic development.
Following in the footsteps of the successful spice farmers: Determinants of spice income in Tanzania
Authors: Kajembe Jacqueline George , Bostedt Göran , Ngaga Yonika M. , Abdallah Jumanne M. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractFactors influencing spice income in Tanzania are assessed, exploring household effects of spice diversification, socio‐economic and land characteristics on spice income. Spice diversification, household size, age and gender of the household head, non‐spice crops and off‐farm activities are factors influencing spice income. Results indicate that successful farmers can negotiate higher prices for most spices. This suggests that policymakers should encourage farmers to diversify production and supplement their income with non‐spice crops. Promoting cooperation among farmers, improving marketing infrastructure and implementing education programs could equip farmers with the necessary knowledge and skills to negotiate prices and reduce income differences among farmers.
Zooplankton in northern lakes show taxon‐specific responses in fatty acids across climate‐productivity and ecosystem size gradients
Authors: Chaguaceda Fernando , Lau Danny C. P. , Goedkoop Willem , Fadhlaoui Mariem , Lavoie Isabelle , Vrede Tobias 
Published: February 2024

AbstractNorthern lakes are facing rapid environmental alterations—including warming, browning, and/or changes in nutrient concentrations—driven by climate change. These environmental changes can have profound impacts on the synthesis and trophic transfer of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), which are important biochemical molecules for consumer growth and reproduction. Zooplankton are a key trophic link between phytoplankton and fish, but their biochemical responses to environmental change are not well understood. In this study, we assess the trends in fatty acid (FA) composition of zooplankton taxa among 32 subarctic and temperate lakes across broad climate‐productivity and ecosystem size gradients. We found that genus‐level taxonomy explained most FA variability in zooplankton (54%), suggesting that environmental changes that alter the taxonomic composition also affect the FA composition of zooplankton communities. Furthermore, the FA responses and their underlying environmental drivers differed between cladocerans and copepods. Cladocerans, including widespread Bosmina spp. and Daphnia spp., showed pronounced responses across the climate‐productivity gradient, with abrupt declines in PUFA, particularly eicosapentaenoic acid and arachidonic acid in warmer, browner, and more eutrophic lakes. Conversely, calanoid copepods had high and relatively stable PUFA levels across the gradient. In addition, all zooplankton taxa increased in stearidonic acid levels in larger lakes where PUFA‐rich cryptophytes were more abundant. Overall, our results suggest that climate‐driven environmental alterations pose heterogeneous impacts on PUFA levels among zooplankton taxa, and that the negative impacts of climate warming are stronger for cladocerans, especially so in small lakes.
Wonderings to research questions: Engaging patients in long COVID research prioritization within a learning health system
Authors: Kennedy Ann Blair , Mitcham Ariana , Parris Katherine , Albertson Faith , Sanchez Ferrer Luis , O'Boyle Conor , Patel Maushmi K. , Gartner Tracey , Broomer Amy M. , Katzman Evan , Coffin Jeanette , Grier Jennifer T. , Natafgi Nabil 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundAn integral component of research within a learning health system is patient engagement at all stages of the research process. While there are well‐defined best practices for engaging with patients on predetermined research questions, there is little specific methodology for engaging patients at the stage of research question formation and prioritization. Further, with an emerging disease such as Long COVID, population‐specific strategies for meaningful engagement have not been characterized.MethodsThe COVID‐19 Focused Virtual Patient Engagement Studio (CoVIP studio) was a virtual panel created to facilitate patient‐centered studies surrounding the effects of long‐term COVID (“Long COVID”) also known as post‐acute SARS‐CoV‐2 syndrome (PASC). A diverse group of panelists was recruited and trained in several different areas of knowledge, competencies, and abilities regarding research and Long COVID. A three‐step approach was developed that consisted of recording panelists' broad wonderings to generate patient‐specific research questions.ResultsThe “wonderings” discussed in panelists' training sessions were analyzed to identify specific populations, interventions, comparators, outcomes, and timeframes (PICOT) elements, which were then used to create a survey to identify the elements of greatest importance to the panel. Based on the findings, 10 research questions were formulated using the PICOT format. The panelists then ranked the questions on perceived order of importance and distributed one million fictional grant dollars between the five chosen questions in the second survey. Through this stepwise prioritization process, the project team successfully translated panelists' research wonderings into investigable research questions.ConclusionThis methodology has implications for the advancement of patient‐engaged prioritization both within the scope of Long COVID research and in research on other rare or emerging diseases.
Oxidized cellulose as bio‐adhesive for hydrophobic lignocellulosic bioplastic
Authors: Xu Jingliang , Wang Zhiyuan , Alam Asraful , Liu Leiyu , Zhang Shen 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis study presents a novel hydrophobic lignocellulosic bioplastic from corn stover reinforced by oxidized cellulose and in situ regenerated lignin. Cellulose‐lignin mixture as a matrix was obtained by acid‐recyclable deep eutectic solvent (DES) pretreatment of corn stover in mild conditions. Triethoxy(octyl)silane (C14H32O3Si) was employed to improve the water stability of the bioplastic by vapor deposition. The results show that the hydrophobic bioplastic has a high tensile strength, measuring 62.36 MPa. The water contact angle of the bioplastic was increased from 8.50° to 121.9° after hydrophobic modification. We prepared oxidized cellulose‐reinforced cellulose paper by different particle size distributions of oxidized cellulose to investigate the reinforcement of oxidized cellulose. The tensile strength of oxidized cellulose cellulose paper increased from 14.41 to 21.18 MPa with the addition of oxidized cellulose. The zeta potential of oxidized cellulose is −47.99 mV, which shows a more negative charge due to carbonyl groups. The repulsive force of oxidized cellulose contributes to the formation of a brick‐and‐mortar microstructure with cellulose‐lignin mixture. It demonstrates that oxidized cellulose can act as bio‐adhesives and has a good toughening effect on the mechanical properties of bioplastic.Highlights
Lignocellulosic bioplastic was prepared by DES pretreatment of corn stover.
Oxidized cellulose was used to reinforce the lignocellulosic bioplastic.
The tensile strength of the bioplastic was 62.36 MPa after the reinforcement process.
Trieth‐oxy(octyl)silane was employed to improve water stability.
The water contact angle of the bioplastic was increased from 8.50° to 121.9°.
Mechanical behavior monitoring of composite hybrid bonded‐riveted joints using high‐stability MXene sensors
Authors: Zhang Lu , Xie Yunqi , Lu Shaowei , Zhang Binbin , Wang Xing , Li Xingliang , Li Wei , Wang Xiaoqiang 
Published: February 2024

AbstractComposite adhesive rivet hybrid connection structure has been more and more recognized and applied in aerospace, automobile, and other industries due to its high strength, corrosion resistance, and good stability. However, due to the particularity of the composite structure and the complex nonlinear coupling factors existing in the bearing process of the adhesive rivet hybrid connection structure, it is difficult to carry out structural health monitoring of the composite adhesive rivet hybrid connection structure. In this paper, a new fabrication technique is proposed to fabricate MXene thin film sensors with excellent performance. The MXene sensor can be tailored to the required size and arrangement to monitor the hybrid connection structure. The multi‐stage loading‐unloading test verifies the feasibility of using the MXene sensor to monitor the hybrid connection structure. The monitoring curves of the MXene sensor for composite adhesive rivet mixed connection structure specimens under low‐speed impact test and vibration fatigue test were obtained, and the sensing mechanism of the MXene sensor was explained. The proposed monitoring method based on the MXene sensor is suitable for the health monitoring of adhesive rivet hybrid connection structures under tensile‐compression, impact, and vibration conditions.Highlights
MXene sensors can be integrated into composite hybrid bonded‐riveted joints without defects.
MXene sensors combined with flexible circuits can form a high‐stability monitoring array.
Monitor the mechanical behavior of bonded and riveted areas by the resistance change rate of MXene sensors.
Real‐time monitor the micro damage and acceleration changes under the vibration environments.
A rapid and robust colorimetric method for measuring relative abundance of auxins in plant tissues
Authors: Manna Mrinalini , Rengasamy Balakrishnan , Sinha Alok Krishna 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIntroductionAuxin estimation in plant tissues is a crucial component of auxin signaling studies. Despite the availability of various high‐throughput auxin quantification methods like LC‐MS, GC‐MS, HPLC, biosensors, and DR5‐gus/gfp‐based assays, auxin quantification remains troublesome because these techniques are very expensive and technology intensive and they mostly involve elaborate sample preparation or require the development of transgenic plants.ObjectivesTo find a solution to these problems, we made use of an old auxin detection system to quantify microbe derived auxins and modified it to effectively measure auxin levels in rice plants.Materials and methodsAuxins from different tissues of rice plants, including root samples of seedlings exposed to IAA/TIBA or subjected to different abiotic stresses, were extracted in ethanol. The total auxin level was measured by the presently described colorimetric assay and counterchecked by other auxin estimation methods like LC‐MS or gus staining of DR5‐gus overexpressing lines.ResultsThe presented colorimetric method could measure (1) the auxin levels in different tissues of rice plants, thus identifying the regions of higher auxin abundance, (2) the differential accumulation of auxins in rice roots when auxin or its transport inhibitor was supplied exogenously, and (3) the levels of auxin in roots of rice seedlings subjected to various abiotic stresses. The thus obtained auxin levels correlated well with the auxin levels determined by other methods like LC‐MS or gus staining and the expression pattern of auxin biosynthesis pathway genes.ConclusionsThe auxin estimation method described here is simple, rapid, cost‐effective, and sensitive and allows for the efficient detection of relative auxin abundances in plant tissues.