bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Police contact within 3 months of suicide and associated health
service contact
Authors: Linsley Keith R. , Johnson Neil , Martin Jessica 
Published: February 2007

SummaryWe evaluated police contact with individuals prior to suicide, using a
systematic study of suicides within County Durham and Darlington over a
3-year period and analysis of police computer records covering the same
area. Atotal of 205 cases of suicide were identified. A fifth of these
(n=41) had a documented contact with police within 3
months prior to the suicide, there was an equal mixture of victims and
alleged perpetrators of crime, and a significant number of those with police
contact had also seen a health professional recently. As many people see a
police officer in the 3 months prior to their suicide as see a mental health
professional within 12 months prior to suicide. Our findings have
implications for suicide prevention.
Regulatory policies on medicines for psychiatric disorders: is
Europe on target?
Authors: Barbui Corrado , Garattini Silvio 
Published: February 2007

SummaryThe European Medicines Agency (EMEA) is the regulatory body that provides
the institutions of the European Community with the best possible scientific
advice on the quality, safety and efficacy of medicinal products. Drugs
approved by the EMEA are automatically marketable in all the European member
states. Since the beginning of the EMEA's activities a number of drugs
acting on the central nervous system obtained marketing authorisation. This
editorial highlights some aspects of the EMEA rules that may negatively
affect the evaluation of medicines for psychiatric disorders.
Phase II Trial of Irinotecan in Children With Relapsed or Refractory Rhabdomyosarcoma: A Joint Study of the French Society of Pediatric Oncology and the United Kingdom Children's Cancer Study Group
Authors: Vassal Gilles , Couanet Dominique , Stockdale Elizabeth , Geoffray Anne , Geoerger Birgit , Orbach Daniel , Pichon Fabienne , Gentet Jean Claude , Picton Susan , Bergeron Christophe , Cisar Laura , Assadourian Sylvie , Morland Bruce 
Published: February 2007

Purpose This phase II study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of irinotecan administered intravenously once every 3 weeks in pediatric patients with recurrent or refractory rhabdomyosarcoma. Patients and Methods A total of 35 patients younger than age 20 years, with refractory or relapsed rhabdomyosarcoma for which standard treatments have failed, received irinotecan at 600 mg/m2 administered as a 60-minute infusion every 3 weeks. Concomitant treatments included atropine for cholinergic symptoms, loperamide for diarrhea at the first liquid stool, and preventive antiemetic treatment. Tumor response was assessed every two cycles until progression according to WHO criteria. Results The best overall response rate to irinotecan was 11.4% (95% CI, 3.2 to 26.7%; 2.9% complete responses, 8.5% partial responses) from all patients recruited. The median times to progression and survival were 1.4 and 5.8 months, respectively. A total of 112 cycles were administered, with a median number of two cycles per patient (range, 1 to 16). The most common grade 3/4 toxicities were neutropenia (46%), abdominal pain or cramping (17%), cholinergic syndrome (14%), nausea/vomiting (11%), anemia (11%), thrombocytopenia (9%), and diarrhea (6%). Conclusion In heavily pretreated children with a high tumor burden who have been treated with multiagent chemotherapy, irinotecan administered intravenously as a single agent, at 600 mg/m2 every 3 weeks, showed an interesting objective response rate and a good tolerance profile in rhabdomyosarcoma.
Short-Term Manipulation of Plasma Free Fatty Acids Does Not Change Skeletal Muscle Concentrations of Ceramide and Glucosylceramide in Lean and Overweight Subjects
Authors: Serlie M. J. , Meijer A. J. , Groener J. E. , Duran M. , Endert E. , Fliers E. , Aerts J. M. , Sauerwein H. P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractContext: Increased plasma free fatty acid (FFA) concentrations may be in part responsible for the increased levels of ceramide in skeletal muscle of obese subjects.Objective: We studied the effect of lowering and increasing plasma FFA levels on muscle ceramide and glucosylceramide concentrations in lean and obese subjects.Design: Plasma FFAs were either increased or decreased for 6 h by infusing a lipid emulsion or using Acipimox, respectively. Muscle biopsies were performed before and after the intervention for measurements of ceramide and glucosylceramide.Study Subjects: Eight lean [body mass index 21.9 (range, 19.6–24.6) kg/m2] and six overweight/obese [body mass index 34.4 (27.8–42.5) kg/m2] subjects without type 2 diabetes mellitus participated in the study.Main Outcome Measure: Differences in muscle ceramide and glucosylceramide upon manipulation of plasma FFAs were measured.Results: There were no differences in muscle ceramide and glucosylceramide between lean and obese subjects, respectively. Increasing or decreasing plasma FFAs for 6 h had no effect on ceramide [high FFAs: 24 (19–25) vs. 24 (22–27) pmol/mg muscle, P = 0.46; and 22 (20–28) vs. 24 (18–26) pmol/mg muscle, P = 0.89 in lean and obese, respectively; low FFAs: 26 (24–35) vs. 23 (18–27) pmol/mg muscle, P = 0.17 and 24 (15–44) vs. 24 (19–42) pmol/mg muscle, P = 0.6 in lean and obese, respectively] and glucosylceramide [high FFAs: 2.0 (1.7–4.3) vs. 3.4 (2.1–4.6) pmol/mg muscle, P = 0.17; and 3.0 (1.3–6.7) vs. 2.6 (1.2–3.9) pmol/mg muscle, P = 0.89 in lean and obese, respectively; low FFAs: 2.2 (1.0–4.4) vs. 1.7 (1.4–3.0) pmol/mg muscle, P = 0.92; and 6.6 (1.0–25.0) vs. 4.3 (1.3–7.6) pmol/mg muscle, P = 0.7 in lean and obese, respectively] concentrations in skeletal muscle.Conclusion: Short-term manipulation of plasma FFAs has no effect on ceramide and glucosylceramide concentrations in skeletal muscle from lean and obese subjects.
Improvisation in African-American Vernacular Dancing
Authors: Jackson Jonathan David 
Published: February 2007

The excellent body of literature on African-American (or black) expressive culture often refers to the importance of improvisation in black vernacular dancing. In their discussion of key precepts upon which black vernacular dancing is based, Marshall and Jean Stearns explain that dance in the African diaspora “places great importance upon improvisation, satirical and otherwise, allowing freedom for individual expression; this characteristic makes for flexibility and aids the evolution and diffusion of other African characteristics” (1968, 15). Jacqui Malone notes that black vernacular dancing is “an additive process…a way of experimenting with new ideas; that mindset is Africa's most important contribution to the Western Hemisphere” (1996, 33). She goes on to declare:All African American social dances allow for some degree of improvisation, even in the performance of such relatively controlled line dances as the Madison and the stroll of the fifties…the idea of executing any dance exactly like someone else is usually not valued…. Black idiomatic dancers always improvise with intent—they compose on the spot—with the success of the improvisations depending on the mastery of nuances and the elements of craft called for by the idiom. (33–34)
Effects of mycorrhizae on growth and demography of tallgrass prairie forbs
Authors: Wilson Gail W. T. , Hartnett David C. , Smith Melinda D. , Kobbeman Kerri 
Published: February 2007

The effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis on ramet and genet densities, vegetative growth rates, and flowering of three forb species were studied in native tallgrass prairie in northeastern Kansas. Mycorrhizal activity was experimentally suppressed for six growing seasons on replicate plots in an annually burned and an infrequently burned watershed with the fungicide benomyl. Benomyl reduced mycorrhizal root colonization to an average of 4.2%, approximately a two‐thirds reduction relative to controls (13.7% colonization). Mycorrhizae influenced the population structure of these forbs. Although mycorrhizal suppression had no long‐term effect on genet densities and no effect on ramet survivorship throughout the growing season, the number of ramets per individual was significantly increased such that ramet densities of all three species were approximately doubled in response to long‐term mycorrhizal suppression. Effects of mycorrhizae on ramet growth and reproduction varied among species. Ramet growth rates, biomass, and flowering of Salvia azurea were greater in plots with active mycorrhizal symbiosis, whereas mycorrhizae reduced ramet growth rates and biomass of Artemesia ludoviciana. Aster sericeus ramet growth rates and biomass were unaffected by the fungicide applications, but its flowering was reduced.The pattern of responses of these three species to mycorrhizae differed considerably between the two sites of contrasting fire regime, indicating that the interaction of fire‐induced shifts in resource availability and mycorrhizal symbiosis together modulates plant responses and the intensity and patterns of interspecific competition between and among tallgrass prairie grass and forb species. Further, the results indicate that effects of mycorrhizae on community structure are a result of interspecific differences in the balance between direct positive effects of the symbiosis on host plant performance and indirect negative effects mediated through altered competitive interactions.
Making the Colonial State Work for You: The Modern Beginnings of the Ancient Kumbh Mela in Allahabad
Authors: Maclean Kama 
Published: February 2007

It is widely believed that the Allahabad Kumbh Mela is an ancient religious festival or that it is “ageless”, that its roots lie obscured in time immemorial. Editorials and articles in the press atmelatime (every twelve years) lyrically emphasize the continuity of the pilgrimage throughout India's past, find inspiration in its durability and changeless character, and marvel at the anachronism of an ancient festival thriving in the modern world (“The Kumbh Mela”,Pioneer, 17 February 1918; “Editorial”,Leader, 16 January 1942; “Pilgrim's Process”,Times of India, 24 January 2001). There is no better example of this than the oft-quoted section of Jawaharlal Nehru's will and testament, in which the avowedly secular modernist explains his desire to have a portion of his ashes scattered at thetriveni sangam, the confluence of the Ganga and Yamuna Rivers and the site of the Kumbh in Allahabad:I have been attached to the Ganga and the Jumna rivers ever since my childhood and, as I have grown older, this attachment has also grown. The Ganga, especially, is the river of India, beloved of her people. … She has been a symbol of India's age-long culture and civilization, ever-changing, ever-flowing, and yet ever the same Ganga. … And though I have discarded much of past tradition and custom, and am anxious that India should rid herself of all shackles that bind and constrain her and divide her people, and suppress vast numbers of them, and prevent the free development of the body and the spirit; though I seek all this, yet I do not wish to cut myself off from that past completely. I am proud of that great inheritance that it has been, and is, ours, and I am conscious that I too, like all of us, am a link in that unbroken chain which goes back to the dawn of history in the immemorial past of India. That chain I would not break, for I treasure it and seek inspiration from it.(2000, 612–13)
Nomenclatural pitfalls in the protologue of Hypnum lycopodioides Brid. (Musci)
Authors: Ochyra Ryszard , Zijlstra Gea 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe nomenclatural history of Hypnum lycopodioides Brid., a widespread European peatland moss that is currently known as Drepanocladus lycopodioides (Brid.) Warnst. or Pseudocalliergon lycopodioides (Brid.) Hedenäs, is presented. The placement of two neglected and poorly known names, "Hypnum rugosum Sm." and H. diastrophyllum Lam. & DC., in the protologue of H. lycopodioides created some nomenclatural pitfalls. It is shown that H. rugosum sensu Dickson (1801), Withering (1801), Smith (1804) and Smith & Sowerby (1811) are all isonyms of H. rugosum Hedw. [= Rhytidium rugosum (Hedw.) Kindb.] and they have no nomenclatural status. Hypnum diastrophyllum, a species described in 1805, is considered not to be definitely included in the concept of H. lycopodioides, but the latter name is strongly endangered by H. diastrophyllum, if both species are conspecific. Of several specimens cited in the protologue of H. diastrophyllum only one specimen originating from Sweden is available for typification, and it is here selected as lectotype. It makes H. diastrophyllum conspecific with Palustriella commutata (Hedw.) Ochyra, and this taxonomic conclusion saves the current usage of H. lycopodioides. The oldest synonyms and type specimens of H. lycopodioides are listed.
Parsimony analyses of mtSSU and nITS rDNA sequences reveal the natural relationships of the lichen families Physciaceae and Caliciaceae
Authors: Wedin Mats , Baloch Elisabeth , Grube Martin 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe phylogenetic relationships of the lichenised families Caliciaceae and Physciaceae (Lecanorales, Ascomycota) are investigated with parsimony analyses of combined mtSSU and nITS rDNA sequences. Physciaceae include two well‐supported groups, which correspond to the informally recognised “Buellia ‐group” and “Physcia‐group”. The prototunicate, mazaedia‐forming representatives of Caliciaceae are derived from within Physciaceae, and fall within the “Buellia‐group”. Nomenclatural consequences of two different scenarios of changes in the present classification are discussed.
Nominal extinction and the taxonomist’s responsibility: the example of Bromeliaceae in Brazil
Authors: Leme Elton M. C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe destruction of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest is considered the world's most alarming conservation problem. The rudimentary knowledge of the thousands of species that inhabit such a fragmented biome highlights the importance of taxonomy as a basic tool for conservation. Bromeliaceae are one of the most striking elements of the Atlantic Forest and contribute significantly to biodiversity support capacity of the communities in which they live. This article utilizes the example of Bromeliaceae in Brazil to discuss the potential impact of misguided taxonomic and nomenclatural changes on the survival of species, and how it may affect biodiversity assessment. Nominal extinction is described as a phenomenon caused by errors in taxonomic decisions that involve mistaken designation of synonyms at the specific and infraspecific level. All taxonomic decisions that have the potential to create a negative impact on the environment should be widely discussed and anchored on the precautionary principal adopted by 1992 UN Conference on the Environment.
A reassessment of the taxonomy and nomenclature of Liatris borealis Nutt. ex J. McNab and Lacinaria scariosa var. novae-angliae Lunell (Asteraceae)
Authors: Gandhi Kanchi N. , Young Stephen M. , Somers Paul 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA reassessment of the taxonomy of Liatris borealis Nutt. ex J. McNab suggests that it is not conspecific with L. novae-angliae, but is a synonym of L. scariosa L. var. scariosa. Three varieties are recognized within the L. scariosa complex; the varietal name L. borealis var. novae-angliae, not hitherto validly published, is validly published here.
Lectotypification of twenty names of taxa referable to Tortula Hedw. (Pottiaceae, Bryophyta)
Authors: Cano María J. , Gallego M. Teresa 
Published: February 2007

AbstractLectotypes for twenty names currently included in Tortula Hedw. are designated here. Tortula santorinensis Schiffn. is considered to be conspecific with T. solmsii (Schimp.) Limpr., of which it becomes a synonym, and T. eucalyptrata Lindb. conspecific with T. euryphylla R. H. Zander (≡ T. latifolia (Hedw.) Lindb., nom. illeg.), over which it has priority. In addition, the following infraspecific taxa, sometimes accepted in current literature, are not considered to be recognisable taxonomically, and are synonymized under the Tortula species involved: Desmatodon latifolius var. muticus (Brid.) Brid. (≡ Dicranum latifolium var. muticum Brid.) (= Tortula eucalyptrata), Tortula cuneifolia var. marginata M. Fleisch., T. muralis f. incana (Schimp.) Sapjegin (≡ Barbula muralis var. incana Schimp.), and T. revolvens var. obtusata Reimers.
Embedded control system for a four‐rotor UAV
Authors: Salazar‐Cruz S. , Escareño J. , Lara D. , Lozano R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis paper describes the design of an embedded control system for a four‐rotor unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) to perform hover flights. A dynamic model of the vehicle is presented using an Euler–Lagrange approach. A control strategy based on nested saturation is proposed. An embedded control system architecture is described for autonomous hover flight. The main components of the system are a microcontroller, an inertial measurement unit (IMU), a global positioning system (GPS) and infrared sensors. The Euler angles are computed using a data fusion algorithm. The experimental results show that the on‐board control system performs satisfactorily for autonomous hovering indoors. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modeling extraction separation of Nd(III) and La(III) from nitrate media in hollow‐fiber modules
Authors: Juang Ruey‐Shin , Kao Hsiang‐Chien , Yen Pei‐Shin 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe use of two microporous hollow‐fiber modules for simultaneous extraction and stripping of binary Nd(III) and La(III) from nitrate media with a kerosene solution of 2‐ethylhexylphosphonic acid mono‐2‐ethylhexyl ester (PC88A) to a HNO3 solution was investigated. Experiments were carried out at different feed pH values (2–6), total metal concentrations (2–24 g‐mol/m3), metal concentration ratios (0.25–4), and dimeric PC88A concentrations (17–137 g‐mol/m3). A kinetic model was presented that takes into account the resistances of diffusion in the aqueous stagnant layer, membrane pore, and organic stagnant layer as well as interfacial reactions. It was shown that the calculated time changes of the feed‐ and strip‐phase metal concentrations were in acceptable agreement with the measured data (standard deviation, 8%). The extraction process was dominated by membrane diffusion under the conditions studied, whereas the stripping process was primarily governed by combined membrane and aqueous strip‐layer diffusion. Effective separation of Nd(III) over La(III) by PC88A in such continuous NDSX process could be achieved, mainly by selective stripping, at high feed pH values or low organic PC88A concentrations. © 2007 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2007
X‐linked NDUFA1 gene mutations associated with mitochondrial encephalomyopathy
Authors: Fernandez‐Moreira Daniel , Ugalde Cristina , Smeets Roel , Rodenburg Richard J. T. , Lopez‐Laso Eduardo , Ruiz‐Falco Maria L. , Briones Paz , Martin Miguel A. , Smeitink Jan A. M. , Arenas Joaquín 
Published: February 2007

AbstractObjectiveMitochondrial complex I deficiency is the commonest diagnosed respiratory chain defect, being genetically heterogeneous. The male preponderance of previous patient cohorts suggested an X‐linked underlying genetic defect. We investigated mutations in the X‐chromosomal complex I structural genes, NDUFA1 and NDUFB11, as a novel cause of mitochondrial encephalomyopathy.MethodsWe sequenced 12 nuclear genes and the mitochondrial DNA–encoded complex I genes in 26 patients with respiratory chain complex I defect. Novel mutations were confirmed by polymerase chain reaction restriction length polymorphism. Assembly/stability studies in fibroblasts were performed using two‐dimensional blue native gel electrophoresis.ResultsTwo novel p.Gly8Arg and p.Arg37Ser hemizygous mutations in NDUFA1 were identified in two unrelated male patients presenting with Leigh's syndrome and with myoclonic epilepsy and developmental delay, respectively. Two‐dimensional blue native gel electrophoresis showed decreased levels of intact complex I with no accumulation of lower molecular weight subcomplexes, indicating that assembly, stability, or both are compromised.InterpretationMutations in the X‐linked NDUFA1 gene result in complex I defect and encephalomyopathy. Assembly/stability analysis might give an explanation for the different clinical phenotypes and become useful for future diagnostic purposes. Ann Neurol 2007;61:73–83
Progressive gaa expansions in dorsal root ganglia of Friedreich's ataxia patients
Authors: De Biase Irene , Rasmussen Astrid , Endres Dan , Al‐Mahdawi Sahar , Monticelli Antonella , Cocozza Sergio , Pook Mark , Bidichandani Sanjay I. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractObjectiveFriedreich's ataxia patients are homozygous for expanded alleles of a GAA triplet‐repeat sequence in the FXN gene. Patients develop progressive ataxia due to primary neurodegeneration involving the dorsal root ganglia (DRGs). The selective neurodegeneration is due to the sensitivity of DRGs to frataxin deficiency; however, the progressive nature of the disease remains unexplained. Our objective was to test whether the expanded GAA triplet‐repeat sequence undergoes further expansion in DRGs as a possible mechanism underlying the progressive pathology seen in patients.MethodsSmall‐pool polymerase chain reaction analysis, a sensitive technique that allows the measurement of repeat length in individual FXN genes, was used to analyze somatic instability of the expanded GAA triplet‐repeat sequence in multiple tissues obtained from six autopsies of Friedreich's ataxia patients.ResultsDRGs showed a significantly greater frequency of large expansions (p < 0.001) and a relative paucity of large contractions compared with all other tissues. There was a significant age‐dependent increase in the frequency of large expansions in DRGs, which ranged from 0.5% at 17 years to 13.9% at 47 years (r = 0.78; p = 0.028).InterpretationProgressive pathology involving the DRGs is likely due to age‐dependent accumulation of large expansions of the GAA triplet‐repeat sequence. Thus, somatic instability of the expanded GAA triplet‐repeat sequence may contribute directly to disease pathogenesis and progression. Progressive repeat expansion in specific tissues is a common theme in the pathogenesis of triplet‐repeat diseases. Ann Neurol 2007;61:55–60
Catalysis by Ir(III), Rh(III) and Pd(II) metal ions in the oxidation of organic compounds with H2O2
Authors: Tandon Praveen K. , Gayatri  , Sahgal Sumita , Srivastava Manish , Singh Santosh B. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractCatalytic activities of three transition metals, as iridium (III) chloride, rhodium (III) chloride and palladium (II) chloride, were compared in the oxidation of six aromatic aldehydes (benzaldehyde, p‐chloro benzaldehyde, p‐nitro benzaldehyde, m‐nitro benzaldehyde, p‐methoxy benzaldehyde and cinnamaldehyde), two hydrocarbons (viz. (anthracene and phenanthrene)) and one aromatic and one cyclic alcohol (cyclohexanol and benzyl alcohol) by 50% H2O2. The presence of traces (substrate: catalyst ratio equal to 1:62500 to 1:1961) of the chlorides of iridium(III), rhodium(III) and palladium(II) catalyze these oxidations, resulting in good to excellent yields. It was observed that in most of the cases palladium(II) chloride is the most efficient catalyst. Conditions for the highest and most economical yields were obtained. Deviation from the optimum conditions decreases the yields. Oxidation in aromatic aldehydes is selective at the aldehydeic group only and other groups remain unaffected. This new, simple and economical method, which is environmentally safe, also requires less time. Reactive species of catalysts, existing in the reaction mixture are also discussed. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.