bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ENDOR Studies in the Conformation of 3,3′- or 3,4′-Polymethylenebiphenyl Anion Radicals.
Authors: Ishizu Kazuhiko , Nemoto Fujito , Yamamoto Koji , Nakazaki Masao 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The ENDOR spectra have been observed for the anion radicals of 3,3′- and 3,4′-polymethylenebiphenyl with various chain lengths. The hyperfine coupling constants of the ring protons of the 3,3′-derivatives are comparable with those of the reference derivative, m,m′-bitolyl, and the biphenyl ring is considered to take the planar conformation. When the chain length is shortened and the polymethylene chain increases its probability of being held on the biphenyl aromatic plane, strong through-space interactions are observed between the aromatic π and the polymethylene pseudo-π orbital. In 3,4′-polymethylenebiphenyl with shorter chain lengths, the coplanar phenyl rings are twisted out by the polymethylene span and the magnitudes of the spin densities at the ortho-position are reduced by the resonance inhibition between two phenyls. McLachaln’s MO calculations predict that the twisting angles between the two phenyls are similar to the value reported for 2,2′-bitolyl anion radical. In contrast to the case of the 2,2′-bitolyl anion radical, however, a conformational change in biphenyl resulting from the delocalization of the unpaired electron is suppressed by a tight lock of the rotation of the phenyl groups in the polymethylene derivatives.
The Cadmium-photosensitized Reaction of Water, Alcohols, and Ethers. The Quenching of the Resonance Radiation at 326.1 nm and the Photosensitized Luminescence
Authors: Yamamoto Shunzo , Tanaka Kazuyuki , Sato Shin 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A luminescence similar to the photosensitized luminescence of ammonia was observed in the cadmium-photosensitized reaction of water, alcohols, and ethers. The quantum yields of the luminescence with these compounds were much smaller than that with ammonia. The rate constants for the formation of the excited complexes between the excited cadmium atoms and the substrates generally increased with a decrease in the ionization potentials of the substrates. This shows that the complex has the characteristics of a charge-transfer type. On the other hand, the efficiencies of the quenching of the resonance radiation at 326.1 nm by ethers were smaller than those of alcohols. It is concluded that the quenching through the formation of the complex is a minor process in the quenching of the resonance radiation by water, alcohols, and ethers.
Studies on Xanthenyl and Thioxanthenyl Derivatives. Reactions of Xanthenyl and Thioxanthenyl Halides with Substituted-Ethylenes
Authors: Awad Sami Bassili , Abdul-Malik Nadia Fouad , Abdou Sadek Elsayed 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Xanthenyl and thioxanthenyl chlorides (1) were added to 1,1-bis-(p-alkoxyphenyl)-2-substituted-ethylenes (2) to give 1,1-bis-(p-alkoxyphenyl)-2-substituted-2-[xanthen(or thioxanthen)-9-yl]ethylenes (3). The 2-nitroderivatives (3) were converted in boiling methanolic potassium hydroxide into the allenes, 1,1-bis-(p-alkoxyphenyl)-2-[xanthen(or thioxanthen)-9-ylidene]ethylenes (4). The 2-methyl(or chloro)-derivatives (3) reacted with bromine in the presence of hydrogen bromide, to yield xanthylium or thioxanthylium tribromide (5) and the corresponding 2,2-disubstituted-ethylene (6). The tribromides (5) reacted with the ethylene (2, Z=H to give, after spontaneous dehydrobromination, the corresponding 2-bromo-derivatives (3, Z=Br).
Charge Transfer Interactions between Oxygen and the Anion Radicals of Tetracyanoquinodimethane and Tetracyanoethylene
Authors: Sakata Tadayoshi , Okai Toshihiro , Tsubomura Hiroshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The spectra of the anion radicals of tetracyanoquinodimethane and tetracyanoethylene formed on porous Vycor glass change by introducing O2 at 77 K. The main features are broadening and slight energy shift of the bands and appearance of a new band. These changes are explained by assuming the charge transfer interactions between O2 and the anion radicals.
The Syntheses and Properties of Mixed Cobalt(III) Complexes Containing 2-Mercaptoacetic Acid or 3-Mercaptopropionic Acid
Authors: Hori Kiichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The following mixed cobalt(III) complexes were prepared and characterized: [Co(SCH2COO)en2]X and [Co(SCH2CH2COO)en2]X, where X is a chloride or iodide ion. Those complexes are common mononuclear complexes, in which the mercaptocarboxylic acids of the ligands function as bidentate ligands.
Rearrangement of Tetramethyl-trans-decalin Derivatives
Authors: Tatee Tochiro , Tsuyuki Takahiko , Takahashi Takeyoshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The dihydroxydecalin (6) was treated with iodine at 140 °C to give the octalins (13 and 14). Treatment of the β-epoxide (8) with boron trifluoride etherate gave the octalins [17 and 18 (or 19)] and the oxide (20).
Effect of Alkylation on the Iodine 6s Rydberg States of Iodoalkanes
Authors: Katsumata Shunji , Wakabayashi Hidechika , Kimura Katsumi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
In a series of alkyl iodides far UV absorption and photoelectron spectra indicate that, unlike higher Rydberg members, the lowest Rydberg states are rather sensitive to the alkyl groups, linearity holding between the term values and the first ionization potentials.
Studies on Ferrocene and Its Derivatives. I. Reactions of Formylferrocene with α-Amino Acids
Authors: Osman A M , El-Maghraby M A , Hassan Kh M 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The condensation reactions of formyl-ferrocene (I) with various α-amino acids and their esters were studied. The products are new Schiff bases (II) which may be of medicinal value.
Formulation of Stokes’ Radii in DMF, DMSO and Propylene Carbonate with Solvent Structure Cavity Size as Parameter
Authors: Matsuura Niro , Umemoto Kisaburo , Takeda Yasuyuki 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Conductance of univalent ions in DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide), DMF (dimethylformamide) and PC (propylene carbonate) was determined by use of tetrabutylammonium-tetrabutylborate as standard electrolyte of equal cationic and anionic conductance. Empirical formulation of Stokes’ radius was attempted on the assumption of a structure-cavity affecting the ionic transport in a medium of aprotic and polar solvent as well as water. By application of classical fluid dynamics Stokes’ radius rs is given in terms of −(2⁄3)rc+(1⁄σs) (rc–ro)2, where rc is crystal ionic radius, ro and σs are parameters characteristic of the cavity and molecular sizes, respectively, with respect the solvent.
Solvent Effects on the Absolute Intensities of Infrared Absorption Bands and the Dipole-Dipole Interaction
Authors: Kakimoto Masao , Fujiyama Tsunetake 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The absolute intensities of the infrared absorption bands, ν3 of methyl iodide, ν2 of methyl cyanide, and ν8 of methyl cyanide, were measured in various solvents at various concentrations. Even after the effect of the internal field is eliminated, very large solvent effects remain in the absorption intensities due to the intermolecular interactions. An equation based on the model of the dipole-dipole interaction is proposed to interpret the experimental results. Comparison with the experimental data confirms the validity of the model.
The Raman Spectra of Surfactants and The Concentration Dependence of Their Molecular Conformations in Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Okabayashi Hirofumi , Okuyama Masataka , Kitagawa Teizo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The laser Raman scattering by potassium n-alkyl carboxylates and sodium n-alkyl sulfates was measured in the solid state and aqueous solutions, and the concentration dependence of molecular conformations of these molecules was studied. For aqueous solutions of potassium n-hexanoate and potassium n-pentanoate, the Raman intensities of the accordion vibrations of the all-trans form relative to the skeletal deformation vibrations of the gauche isomers were found to increase with an increase in the concentration. This intensity change is remarkable at the critical micelle concentration. A concentration dependence of the intensity of the Raman lines was also observed in the frequency region of 1600–600 cm−1. These observations revealed that the percentage of the all-trans form of the surfactant molecules increases with an increase in the concentration above the critical micelle concentration.
Semiempirical Relations in Molecular Liquids. I. Molecular Structure, Melting Temperature, and Effective Hard Core Diameter of Molecules
Authors: Oono Yoshitsugu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A simple method for the estimation of the effective hard core diameter of a molecule (at melting point), which is the only parameter in the application of the scaled particle theory to molecular liquids, is proposed. For a nearly spherical molecule, the effective hard core diameter a in Å can be given by
a=1.072 P^2/5T_m^-1/10,
where P is the parachor of the molecule in cgs unit and Tm is the melting temperature in K. The factor 1.072 is equal to that predicted by the scaled particle theory.
Synthesis and Thermochromic Properties of New Five-coordinate Copper Chelates
Authors: Iwasaki Noriko , Sone Kozo , Ojima Heijiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Two new five-coordinate copper(II) chelates [Cu(PCdien)] and [Cu(PCenpn)] were prepared, and the thermochromism of the former in methanolic solution was studied. When this violet-blue solution (νmax: 16500 cm−1) was heated nearly to the boiling point of methanol, the color of the solution became gradually yellowish (νmax: 21000 cm−1). The absorption spectra of these cold and hot solutions were compared with those of similar four-coordinate Cu(II) complexes in various solvents, and the yellow color was ascribed to a tetracoordinated species of [Cu(PCdien)], which is formed by the partial rupture of the pentacoordinated structure caused by the intramolecular steric strains. No thermochromic property of the PCenpn chelate was observed.
Studies of Ruthenium Complexes. VIII. Kinetic Studies of the Thermal Substitution Reaction of Hexaammine and cis-Dihalogenotetraammineruthenium(III) Complexes in the Solid State
Authors: Ohyoshi Akira , Hiraki Shunichi , Odate Tomio , Kohata Susumu , Oda Junko 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The Kinetics of the thermal substitution reaction of hexaammineruthenium(III) halides and cis-dihalogenotetraammineruthenium(III) halides have been studied in the solid state. The reaction rates and kinetic parameters were determined for these two reactions; [Ru(NH3)6]X3→[RuX(NH3)5]X2+NH3, (X=Br, I) and cis-[RuX2(NH3)4]X→[RuX3(NH3)3]+NH3, (X=Cl, Br). The values of the rate constant, the activation energy, and the activation entropy were 2.10×10−5 s−1 (at 161°C), 23.3 kcal mol−1, and −29.3 e.u. for the hexaammine bromide, and 2.92×10−5s−1 (at 162 °C), 31.3 kcal mol−1, and −10.1 e.u. for the cis-dibromotetraammine bromide. The Sn2 mechanism is more probable for the former reaction, while the SN1 mechanism is more probable for the latter reaction.
Synthesis of 6′-Amino-1-N-[(S)-4-Amino-2-Hydroxybutyryl]-6′-Deoxylividomycin A
Authors: Watanabe Isamu , Ejima Akio , Tsuchiya Tsutomu , Umezawa Sumio , Umezawa Hamao 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The titled compound (11) was prepared from lividomycin A. A partially protected cyclic 1,6-carbamate derivative (6), which has free hydroxyl groups at C-4′ and C-6′, was prepared, and the 6′-hydroxyl group was selectively tosylated. Replacement of the tosyl group by azido group, followed by partial hydrolysis of the carbamate ring gave the aminol (9). Acylation of the free C-1-amino group with (S)-4-amino-2-hydroxybutyric acid and hydrogenation of the azido group led to 11 Preparation of 4′,6′-di-O-methyllividomycin A (13) was also described.
The Rearrangement of 10-Bromo-10,11-dihydrodibenzo[b,f]thiepin-11-one and Related Compounds in an Alkaline Solution
Authors: Ueda Ikuo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The reaction of 10-bromo-10,11-dihydrodibenzo[b,f]thiepin-11-one (1) with sodium methoxide in methanol has been shown to lead to thioxanthone (4) and 10-hydroxy-10,11-dihydrodibenzo[b,f]thiepin-11-one (5). If the reaction of 1 in an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution is carried out, six products, 4, 5, 9-hydroxy-thioxanthene-9-carboxylic acid (6), thioxanthene-9-carboxylic acid (7), thioxanthene (8), and 10,11-dihydrodibenzo [b,f]thiepin-10-one (9), are formed. The structures of the products were established by elementary analysis, by an examination of the spectral data, by gas chromatography, and by an independent synthesis. The results were discussed in terms of the mechanism proposed.
The Formation of Ethers from Nerol and l-Linalool in the Presence of Boron Trifluoride Etherate
Authors: Nagai Kimiko 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Upon treatment with boron trifluoride etherate at room temperature, dl-linaloyl neryl, dl-geranyl linaloyl, dl-neryl α-terpenyl, and dineryl ethers were obtained from nerol and linaloyl neryl, l-geranyl linaloyl, dl-neryl α-terpenyl, and l-linaloyl piperityl ethers, from l-linalool. Of these ethers, linaloyl piperityl ether was thought to be formed by the cyclization of linaloyl neryl and geranyl linaloyl ethers.
The Reaction of 2,4-Dehydrohomoadamantane: The Synthesis of Several 2-Mono- and 2,4-Di-substituted Homoadamantanes
Authors: Yamaguchi Ryohei , Katsushima Takeo , Kawanisi Mituyosi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The synthesis of several 2-mono- and 2,4-di-substituted homoadamantane derivatives is described. The photobromination of 2,4-dehydrohomoadamantane (I) at −78 °C gave e,a- and e,e-2,4-dibromohomoadamantanes (IIa and IIb). The treatment of a mixture of IIa and IIb with t-BuOK in HMPT gave e-2-bromohomoadamant-4-ene (IV) in an 84% yield. The methanolysis and hydrolysis of IV gave e-2-methoxyhomoadamant-4-ene (V) and e-2-hydroxyhomoadamant-4-ene (VI), with a retention of the configuration, in 90 and 99% yields respectively. The oxidation of VI with the CrO3-pyridine complex gave homoadamant-4-en-2-one (VII) in a 94% yield. The reduction of VII with LiAlH4 gave a-2-hydroxyhomoadamant-4-ene (VIII). The catalytic hydrogenations of VI, VII, and VIII gave e-2-hydroxyhomoadamantane (IX), homoadamantan-2-one (X), and a-2-hydroxyhomo-adamantane (XI) respectively. The possibility that a homoallylic cation (XII) intervenes in the solvolysis of IV is proposed.
The Photoreactions of 2,3-Dicyanobarrelene
Authors: Saito Katsuhiro , Mukai Toshio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The direct irradiation of 2,3-dicyanobarrelene (II) provided 1,2-dicyanocyclooctatetraene (III). On the other hand, the acetone-sensitized photoreaction of II afforded semibullvalene derivatives (IV and V). Investigations of their NMR spectra clarified that IV completely degenerates, whereas V inclines to the favorable form of the valence isomers.
The Molecular and Crystal Structure of Dl-3-Chloro-2,4-pentanediol
Authors: Kuribayashi Shunsuke 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The crystal structure of Dl-3-chloro-2,4-pentanediol has been determined by X-ray analysis. The crystal is triclinic, with dimensions of a=6.573, b=8.991, c=6.243 Å, α=80.18°, β=94.25°, and γ=102.87°. The five carbon atoms have a TT conformation, and the two OH groups have intermolecular hydrogen bondings, whose distances are 2.75 Å and 2.80 Å respectively.
A Study of the Molecular Compound between Inosine and Tryptophan
Authors: Suzuki Yoshihisa , Hara Kentaro , Hirahara Tsuneo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Equilibria have been determined at 30 °C for the inosine-l-tryptophan–water and inosine–d-tryptophan–water systems. They show the formation of a molecular compound, which was demonstrated in U.S. Patent 3532684, over a wide range of variable ratios of the two components, inosine and tryptophan. The influence of some organic solvents on the formation of the molecular compound was examined, and it was shown that the water molecule is significantly involved in the formation of the crystalline molecular compound, and that solvent interactions play an important role. Similar crystalline molecular compounds were not formed by chemically closely related substances; the high specificity of the interaction between inosine and tryptophan was confirmed.
Radiation Chemical Studies with Cyclotron Beams. IV. The Effect of Water in the Heavy-ion Radiolysis of Liquid Acetone
Authors: Matsui Masao , Imamura Masashi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A study was made of the effect of water on the LET dependence of the product yields for liquid acetone. Acetone containing 2 wt% water was subjected to irradiation by energetic 4He, 12C, and 14N ions as well as by 60Co γ rays at room temperature; the LET range was up to 80 eV Å−1. A significant effect of water was observed above 50 eV Å−1, where G(H2) and G(CO) showed continuous increases with an increase in LET. For pure acetone, G(H2) and G(GO) showed their peak values at 50 eV Å−1, indicating a saturation of decomposition in the ionization track, as has been reported previously. The present results may be interpreted in terms of the hydrogen-bonded network formed by the addition of water; this will expand the reaction zone outside the track and result in increases in the product yields without any waste of excessive energy in the high-LET region.
The Partial Molal Volumes of Normal Chain Alcohols in Water–Ethanol Mixtures at 25 °C
Authors: Manabe Masahiro , Koda Masaharu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The partial molal volumes (\barV0) of n-alcohols (RmOH, m=1–7) at an infinitely dilute concentration in water–ethanol mixtures of various compositions have been determined by means of dilatometry. The \barV0 value does not depend on the concentration of the solute alcohol within the region studied in any composition of the solvent mixtures. The excess volume, the difference between \barV0 and the molal volume (V0), is negative and is at a minimum in water-rich mixtures (&lt;16 wt% ethanol) for all of the alcohols studied. On the other hand, in the moderate composition range the excess volumes for R4OH and higher alcohols are positive and reach a maximum distinct from the disappearance of the maximum for R3OH and lower alcohols. The volumetric contribution of a methylene group (\barVme) to \barV0 was separately evaluated. From the results, a linear relation was found between \barV0 and the alkyl chain length of the alcohols in the mixtures of 0–8 and 55–100 wt% ethanol, while in the mixtures the relationship was rather quadratic. Such volumetric behavior was discussed on the basis of the structural properties of the water–ethanol mixtures.
Dufour Effect in Gases
Authors: Boushehri A , Afrashtehfar S 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A study of the Dufour effect was made for five different gas mixtures: H2–N2, H2–O2, H2–N2O, He–N2O and He–O2. Measurements were made at 25 °C under 700 Torr. The values of the thermal diffusion factor were calculated for the above mixtures from the experimental data on the basis of the thermodynamics of irreversible processes.
The γ-Radiolysis of Liquid Nitrogen Containing Methane
Authors: Siderer Yona , Sato Shin 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The γ-radiolysis of the liquid nitrogen–methane system has been investigated. As products, hydrogen cyanide, ethane, and the basic compounds were observed. The G(HCN) attained was 0.08 at higher concentrations of methane, while the G(basic compounds) was found to be in the order of 0.5. In order to explain these results, different precursors for the HCN and the basic compounds are considered.
Effects of HMPA in the Kharasch Type Reaction of Allylic Halides
Authors: Ohbe Yoshihiro , Matsuda Tsutomu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Addition of HMPA was found to bring about an increase of cross-coupling products in the transition metal catalyzed reaction of allylic chlorides (allyl, crotyl, and methallyl) with Grignard reagents, the effect being most significant in copper (II) chloride catalyzed reactions.
Studies of Bivalent Metal Complexes of 2-Acetylpyridine
Authors: Kidani Yoshinori , Noji Masahide , Koike Hisashi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Bivalent metal complexes of 2-acetylpyridine (abbreviated as 2AP), M(2AP)2X2, M being copper, nickel, cobalt, and zinc ions and X being chloride, bromide, and iodide ions, were synthesized in ethanol solutions. The far-infrared analyses were discussed with reference to their structures, which were determined by means of the magnetic moments and the diffuse reflectance spectra. Except for Co(2AP)2Cl2 and Co(2AP)2I2, an octahedral structure was suggested for the M(2AP)2X2 complexes. A tetrahedral structure was assigned to Co(2AP)2Cl2 and Co(2AP)2I2 on the basis of their magnetic moments of 4.55 and 4.25 B.M. respectively and the diffuse reflectance spectra. The stretching vibrations of metal-nitrogen, metal-oxygen, and metal-halogen have been discussed.
N-Alkyldiarylamines from 3-Alkyl-3-aryl-1-(2-carboxyphenyl)triazenes
Authors: Nakayama Jyuzo , Yoshida Masayuki , Simamura Osamu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Heating 3-alkyl-3-aryl-1-(2-carboxyphenyl)triazenes in organic media afforded N-alkyldiarylamines in good yields, thus providing a useful synthetic route to this type of amines.
Light Induced Hydrogen Isotope Exchange between Terephthalonitrile and Thiols
Authors: Yoshida Masayuki , Sakuragi Hirochika , Tanaka Itaru , Tokumaru Katsumi , Morikawa Naotake 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Interaction of an excited singlet state of terephthalonitrile with thiol is shown to be responsible for the title reaction on the basis of higher reactivity of terephthalonitrile relative to benzene and efficient quenching of fluorescene from terephthalonitrile by thiols.
The Structure of the Cyclodextrin Complex. I. The Crystal and Molecular Structure of the α-Cyclodextrin– p-Iodoaniline Complex
Authors: Harata Kazuaki 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The crystal structure of the α-cyclodextrin–p-iodoaniline complex [(C6H10O5)6·C6H6NI·3H2O] has been determined by the X-ray method. The space group is P212121 with unit cell dimensions of a=13.659(2), b=15.413(3), and c=24.486(5) Å. The structure was solved by the heavy-atom method and refined by least-squares techniques. The final R-value was 0.072. The p-iodoaniline molecule is included in the cavity with its axis coincident with the axis of α-cyclodextrin; the iodobenzene group is situated in the cavity, while the amino group sticks out from the cavity. The shortest contact between the α-cyclodextrin molecule and the “guest” p-iodoaniline molecule is 3.25 Å, indicating that the latter is rigidly fixed in the cavity of the former. The distances between the amino group and the hydroxyl group are greater than 4.0 Å; this fact well explains why the catalytic ability of α-cyclodextrin is low in the hydrolysis of para-substituted phenyl esters.
The Crystal Structure of a Hofmann-en Type Pyrrole Clathrate, catena-μ-Ethylenediaminecadmium(II) catena-Tetra-μ-cyanonickelate(II)-Pyrrole (1/2)
Authors: Iwamoto Toschitake , Kiyoki Mamoru 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The crystal structure of the titled pyrrole clathrate Cd(NH2CH2CH2NH2)Ni(CN)4·2C4H5N has been determined from three-dimensional X-ray data collected by counter techniques. The clathrate crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pmmm with a=7.618(3), b=7.641(10), c=7.861(4)Å, Z=1, Dm=1.69g cm−3, and Dx=1.70 g cm−3. The structure has been refined by the full-matrix least-squares procedure to a conventional R index (on F) of 0.057 for 462 observed reflections. The metal complex host-framework has a three-dimensional infinite cage structure where the ambident ethylenediamine molecules span Cd atoms at the corners of unit cell along the [001] direction and the ambident cyanide ions make infinite two-dimensional networks parallel to (001) by spanning the Cd atoms with the Ni atom at (1/2, 1/2, 0). The two crystallographically independent pyrrole molecules are enclathrated in the molecular spaces of the cages in the host-framework. The statistical dispositions observed for en and pyrrol molecules can be interpreted in terms of motional behavior of these molecules in the crystal.