bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spectrum and Power Efficient Anti-jamming Approach for Cognitive Radio Networks Based on Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Jdeed Hussein , Altabban Wissam , Jamal Samer 
Published: March 2024

Background:
Spectrum scarcity, spectrum efficiency, power constraints, and jamming
attacks are core challenges that face wireless networks. While cognitive radio networks (CRNs)
enable the sharing of licensed bands when they are unoccupied, the spectrum should be used efficiently
by the secondary user (SU) to ensure a high data rate transmission. In addition, the mobility of
the SUs makes power consumption a matter of concern in wireless networks. Because of the open environment,
the jamming attack can easily deteriorate the performance and disrupt the connections.

Objectives:
We aim to enhance the performance of CRN and establish more reliable connections
for the SU in the presence of smart jammer by ensuring efficient spectrum utilization and extending
the network lifetime.

Methods:
To achieve our objectives, we propose an anti-jamming approach that adopts frequency
hopping. Our approach assumes that SUs observe spectrum availability and channel gain. Then, SU
learns the jammer behaviour and goes for the appropriate policy in terms of the number of data and
control channels that optimize jointly spectrum efficiency and power consumption. Within, the interaction
between the SU and the jammer is modelled as a zero-sum stochastic game, and we employ
reinforcement learning (RL) to address this game.

Results:
SUs learn the optimal policy that maximizes the spectrum efficiency and minimizes the
power consumption in the presence of a smart jammer. Simulation results show that the low channel
gain leads the SU to select a high number of data channels. However, when the channel gain is
high, the SU increases the number of control channels to guarantee a more reliable connection.
Taking into account the spectrum efficiency, SUs save their energy by decreasing the number of
used channels. The proposed strategy achieves better performance in comparison with myopic
learning and the random strategy.

Conclusion:
Under a jamming attack, considering the gain of utilized channels, SUs select the appropriate
number of control and data channels to ensure a reliable, efficient, and long-term connection.
Peran Majelis Tabligh dalam Membangun Komunikasi Persuasif Kelompok Muallaf Pasca Konversi Agama di Dusun Tugunongko Kabupaten Ponorogo
Authors: Alfi Alfiana Yuniar Rahmawati 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRAK
Penyebaran misi kristenisasi dan pemurtadan umat menjadi fenomena yang akan terus terjadi. Masyarakat dengan dasar pondasi aqidah yang lemah menjadi sasaran utama untuk melancarkan gerakan misi yang berorientasi pada perekrutan jemaat sebanyak-banyaknya. Secara nyata, hal ini terjadi pada masyarakat di Dusun Tugunongko, Kabupaten Ponorogo. Sosialisasi misi kristenisasi dilakukan dengan upaya pemenuhan kebutuhan pokok masyarakat untuk menjustifikasi tataran ekonomi baru dan keagamaan baru sebagai nilai dari misi tersebut. Majelis Tabligh sebagai lembaga dakwah Islam memiliki otoritas penuh untuk membentengi gerakan misi dan mengajak masyarakat untuk kembali kepada agama Islam. Proses pendekatan dilakukan melalui strategi komunikasi persuasif yang berorientasi pada pembentukan tataran kehidupan baru berlandaskan ajaran islam. Jenis penelitian ini adalah kualitatif deskriptif dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pelaksanaan gerakan Majelis Tabligh dilakukan dengan mengoptimalkan komponen komunikasi persuasif yang bersifat multiaspek. Upaya ini bertujuan untuk memperkuat aqidah sekaligus sebagai pembinaan umat demi mempertahankan eksistensi agama Islam di dusun Tugunongko.
Kata Kunci: Komunikasi Persuasif, Majelis Tabligh, Kelompok Muallaf
Challenges and Opportunities of Emergency Remote Teaching: Linguistic Analysis on School Directors’ Interviews
Authors: Tzimiris Spyridon , Nikiforos Maria Nefeli , Nikiforos Stefanos , Kermanidis Katia Lida 
Published: March 2024

This research delves into the experiences of primary school directors during the abrupt transition to Emergency Remote Teaching (ERT) due to the Covid-19 pandemic. Through semi-structured interviews, the organization and implementation of online classes, associated challenges, and potential improvements were scrutinized. Findings underscored a lack of preparedness, yet acknowledged ERT as a vital tool during the crisis. Recommendations included the improvement of technological support, designing a well-planned strategy, creating appropriate teaching content, comprehensive staff training, and tailoring the educational content to fit students’ learning styles or special needs. A Linguistic Text Analysis approach, employing word clouds, treemaps, and sentiment analysis charts to graphically depict complex patterns in the data, enriched our understanding of the ERT transition, shedding light on subtler nuances and insights. This study contributes valuable knowledge, offering a roadmap for the future development of robust, flexible, and inclusive educational policies and practices, particularly in crisis situations. The dataset is an invaluable asset for policymakers, providing critical insights and highlighting the challenges and opportunities that arise.
Comparison of on-campus and virtual self-assessment outcomes for incoming Appalachian STEM undergraduates’ first research experience
Authors: Stover Kristin , Cowley Kimberly , Gaunt Gillian , George Olivia , Henson Kristy , Liu Tuoen , Pankey Christopher L 
Published: March 2024

The First2 Network is an alliance of higher education institutions across the State of West Virginia striving to improve science, technology, engineering or math (STEM) education by supporting rural, first-generation, and underrepresented college students pursuing STEM majors. Over the summers of 2019 and 2020, the First2 Network delivered two-week summer research immersion experiences at various institutions throughout West Virginia. The 2019 program was delivered on-campus at four universities while the 2020 program was delivered virtually, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, across nine sites. Before and after the immersion experience, students who participated in the program completed a variety of survey questionnaires for the assessment of their interests, expectations, identity and belonging in STEM. We found that the in-person experience in 2019 had better outcomes compared to the virtual experience, suggesting students conducting research directly under their faculty supervisors in-person and on-site will have a more positive impact on their STEM education and career. However, participation in the virtual format still resulted in an improvement in belonging and STEM identity, indicating that connecting with students remotely is still worthwhile when it is the most viable option. The student population in Appalachia faces a number of academic barriers, so there is much to gain by finding new ways to reach as many students as possible with early career development programs.
Parent’s Perceptions of Online Learning during Covid-19 Pandemic: The Road Ahead
Authors: Shal Tarek 
Published: March 2024

This study explored parents’ perceptions pertaining online learning in the state of Qatar during Covid-19 pandemic. 688 parents were surveyed and data was analyzed statistically using SPSS 28.0. Findings suggest that parents perceived online learning positively only when a set of conditions coexisted, including parental readiness, school support, and abundance of online resources. Moreover, parents viewed in-person learning to be of higher quality than remote learning, believing that academic progress and wellbeing were stymied through online learning. Moreover, parents suggested a road map for leveraging the quality of online learning, which sheds light on the importance of a solution that is family-centered, accounting for parental multi-tasking; apprehending economic and social pressures; responding to the cultural context; and securing student wellbeing.
Analysis of Energy Indicators of Dry Farming Wheat Production in Northwest of Iran
Authors: Mohammadzadeh Peyman , Shahgholi Gholamhosein , Szymanek Mariusz , Tanaś Wojciech 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Majority of past research on agricultural product production is related with irrigated areas. Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the energy use pattern in wheat production planted as dry farming in Northwest of Iran. Initial data were collected by means of questionnaires from farmers and agricultural experts in the area. Energy use efficiency indices, net energy, specific energy, energy productivity, energy intensiveness and the total input of energy and total output were computed. Analysis of the total input energy showed that fuel and chemical fertilizer had the highest energy consumption, and the seeds, labor work and chemical pesticides had the lowest energy consumption in wheat production. Energy use efficiency and energy productivity of 1.79 and 0.748 kg·mJ−1 were obtained, respectively. The total input and output energy were 33927.61 and 60803.81 MJ·ha−1, respectively.
Existence and Successive Approximations of Mild Solution for Integro-differential Equations in Banach Spaces
Authors: Bensatal Kattar Enada , Salim Abdelkrim , Benchohra Mouffak 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This paper discusses the global convergence of successive approximations methods for solving integro-differential equation via resolvent operators in Banach spaces. We prove a theorem on the global convergence of successive approximations to the unique solution of the problems. An example is given to show the application of our result.
Development and Research on Incontinence Underwear for the Elderly
Authors: Zhu Chunyan , Zhou Baixue , Bi Yanwei , Pan Li , Yang Chen 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This study investigates the living conditions of elderly individuals with urinary incontinence and their usage of related products to assess their actual needs, including comfort, convenience, and affordability. Based on these findings, innovative design work was conducted, involving structural design, fabric preparation, and process selection. Ultimately, through product performance evaluation and refinement, the design requirements for comfort, convenience, and affordability were achieved. This research holds significant importance in addressing urinary incontinence issues among the elderly and can be applicable to individuals with restricted access to toilets or those engaged in prolonged activities. Furthermore, the study provides a valuable reference for designing and developing functional garments that cater to practical needs. With further production and market promotion, this research outcome is expected to yield greater value and impact on a larger scale.
Actors in the Knowledge Economy: A Typology
Authors: Tomé Eduardo 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to construct a typology of actors in the knowledge economy, based on the specificity of their activities. So far, almost all the researchers focused their interests on organizations and their management in the knowledge economy ignoring the actors who perform and make the progress of the new economy based primarily on intangible resources. The main criterion for this typology is the positioning of these actors with respect to knowledge, as an intangible resource of any economic activity. The whole spectrum of this typology is defined by the end actors who are the composers and the consumers. The composers create knowledge and transform personal knowledge into organizational knowledge, while the consumers are those who use it. In between, there are owners, administrators, and performers. As an extension, we may include in this typology the citizens as end possible knowledge users. Also, we perform an analysis of the characteristics of all these actors with respect to values, objectives, methods, and results. The contribution of the present paper results from the new perspective we offer in understanding the mechanisms and the dynamics of the knowledge economy.
Looking into the Antecedents of the Transformation of IT Jobs. A Country-based Perspective
Authors: Moldoveanu Ion 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Technology is changing at an exponential rate. As a result, it does have a disruptive life on society and our lives. It changes our personal lives, socialization, and interaction with people and businesses. Technology has changed and does continue to change the way we work. Along with the four industrial revolutions, many jobs have disappeared, more jobs have been created, and almost every job was transformed by automation. The 4th industrial revolution leading to Industry 4.0 is powered by artificial intelligence, robotics, Internet of things. The Information Technology (IT) industry and IT professionals primarily drive this transformation. While information technology specialists contribute with the technology they build to change their world, technology is transforming the profession responsible for this transformation. The paper looks at how digital transformation impacts the transformation of IT jobs, how government policies and managerial strategies impact the transformation of IT jobs and how employees and organizations are responding with investment in skills development. The research relies on a questionnaire-based survey with 132 Romanian IT professionals, students and computer science professors representing small and large organizations. Seven out of the nine hypotheses were supported by the data, confirming that digital transformation impacts the transformation of jobs, particularly IT jobs, and that this drives the need to build new technical and soft skills.
Pitfalls in Implementing the EU Whistleblower Directive
Authors: Scheu Harald Christian 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we focus on two conceptual problems associated with the EU Whistleblower Directive and point out issues that may undermine or even frustrate the successful implementation of the Directive in a national context. While fully acknowledging strong arguments for, and undeniable benefits of, speaking in favour of EU whistleblower protection, it has to be noted that a specific form of forced gold-plating calling for the extension of the material scope of protection may complicate the interpretation of the autonomous part of legislation and lead to legal insecurity. Moreover, new elements of whistleblower protection as introduced by the Directive diverge from the case law of the European Court of Human Rights. The introduction of higher standards of protection in favour of whistleblowers does not raise problems in relations between the state and the individual, but some EU rules may cause problems in horizontal relations between private individuals, since fair balancing of interests as required by Strasbourg jurisprudence may be not always guaranteed.
Family Communication Model on Preserving Romance for Elderly Spouse
Authors: Supratman Lucy Pujasari , Wahyudin Aep 
Published: March 2024

Every married couple would want to have a golden marriage that lasts happily ever after. There were 15 elderly couples who had entered a golden marriage being interviewed. This research was conducted at 2 regions (Bandung and Subang) in West Java. We used qualitative method with phenomenology approach. Data collecting was done through interview and observation. The results found that these elderly couples communicate in different ways to maintain their romances. They keep on their commitment in supporting the couple hobbies, being honest, doing nonverbal communication of romantic movement/gestures, saying thanks, and giving forgiveness sincerely. The model proposed on this research findings are being commitment, forgiveness, honesty, thanking, romance action and marriage as worship. These communication model that the elderly spouses applied in their daily life doesn’t seem smooth as it is. They always give the opportunity of each other to improve themselves better for the sake of long-lasting marriage. These elderly couples realized about their imperfectness and keep learning all the time to be mature couple. As they have matured mind, every barrier in the marriage will always solve wisely and happily by the couple. These family communication pattern have finally formed the long lasting marital harmony of romantic relationship between the elderly couple to create honor and trust.
An in Vitro Approach: Antibacterial Activity of Sansevieria trifasciata Prain. Leaves with Chemometric Analysis
Authors: Kasmawati Henny , Sida Nurramadhani A. , Arfan Arfan , Indrayanti Wa Ode Dian , Rusman Arman 
Published: March 2024

Exploration the antibacterial activity of S.trifasciata Prain. is still limited, therefore this study aims to assess the antibacterial activity of extracts and ethyl acetate fractions of Sansevieria trifasciata Prain. The S.trifasciata leaves was macerated with ethanol 96%, then fractionated using the trituration method with ethyl acetate. The treatment group was divided into positive control group (PC) using ciprofloxacin, negative control (NC) using DMSO, extract, ethyl acetate fraction 5% (ET5%), 10% (ET10%), 20% (ET20%), 40% (ET40 %). Data were analyzed statistically by ANOVA and chemometrically with PCA. The inhibition zone for S.aureus bacteria in each sample is 26.69; 1.40; 23.32;2.82; 6.23; 11.11; 20.15 mm, respectively, E.coli is 26.65;0.63;22.65;3.61;7.11;11.44;21.15 mm respectively, P. aeruginosa is 27.40; 0.00; 23.23; 2.74;7.03;11.69;21.36 mm respectively. Percent inhibition of extract, ET5%, ET10%, ET20%, ET40% on S. aureus bacteria is 82.16; 5.31; 18.12; 36.39; 70.38% respectively, E.coli is 82.67; 11.13; 24.31; 40.56; 76.99% respectively, P. aeruginosa 84.85; 10.01; 25.65; 42.68; 77.98% respectively. Extract and ethyl acetate fraction have significant potential as antibacterial (p<0.05). The results of PCA chemometric analysis showed that the extract and ET40% had similar inhibition zone area to the positive control ciprofloxacin. The extract and the ethyl acetate fraction 40% are promising for development as antibacterials.
Keywords: Sansevieria trifasciata Prain., chemometric, bacterial
Sintesis, Molecular Docking dan Aktivitas Sitotoksik Senyawa Analog Kalkon Berbasis Alfa Tetralone terhadap Sel Kanker Payudara MCF-7
Authors: Rahmadani Agung , Tasya Indriana , Lestari Wahyu Yunita , Kadir Nurdianah Abdul , Saputri Mitha , Erika Farah , Usman Usman , Sukemi Sukemi , Arifian Hanggara , Salam Supriatno , Herman Herman , Rijai Laode 
Published: March 2024

The chalcone compound is a precursor of flavonoid and pyrazoline compounds. Chalcone has two aromatic rings (A and B) and one ?,?-unsaturated carbon atom. Chalcone compounds can be synthesized via the Claisen Schmidt condensation reaction. Chalcone synthesis uses the basic ingredients of alpha tetralone and benzaldehyde analogues. In this research, chalcone synthesis took place for 48 hours at room temperature. Synthetic materials using ethanol solvent and sodium hydroxide catalyst, as well as basic ingredients alpha tetralone, 3,4-dimethoxybenzaldehyde and 4-methoxybenzaldehyde. Characterization of synthesized compounds using spectroscopic methods, including 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and mass spectroscopy. Characterization results using spectroscopic methods showed that the two chalcone analogue compounds were successfully synthesized with yields above 70%. Both chalcone compounds showed low activity against MCF-7 cancer cells. Molecular docking simulations showed that both chalcone analogues produced energy levels and intramolecular interactions that were no better than 4-hydroxytamoxifen.
Keywords: chalcone analogues, alpha tetralone, cytotoxic

Abstrak
Senyawa kalkon merupakan salah satu prekursor dari senyawa flavonoid dan pirazolina. Kalkon mengandung dua cincin aromatis (A dan B) dan satu atom karbon ?,?-tak jenuh. Senyawa kalkon dapat disintesis melalui reaksi kondensasi Claisen Schmidt. Kalkon disintesis menggunakan bahan dasar alfa tetralone dan analog benzaldehida. Dalam penelitian ini senyawa kalkon disintesis selama 48 jam pada suhu ruang menggunakan pelarut etanol dan katalis natrium hidroksida serta bahan dasar alfa tetralone, 3,4-dimetoksibenzaldehida dan 4-metoksibenzaldehida. Senyawa hasil sintesis dikarakterisasi menggunakan metode spektroskopi meliputi 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) dan spektroskopi massa. Karakterisasi menggunakan metode spektroskopi menunjukkan kedua senyawa analog kalkon berhasil disintesis dengan rendemen diatas 70%. Hasil pengujian sitotoksik menunjukkan bahwa kedua senyawa analog kalkon tidak aktif terhadap sel kanker payudara MCF-7. Simulasi penambatan molekuler menunjukkan bahwa kedua analog kalkon menghasilkan tingkat energi dan interaksi intramolekuler yang tidak lebih baik dibandingkan dengan 4-hidroksitamoksifen.
Kata Kunci: analog kalkon, alfa tetralone, sitotoksik
Formulasi dan Uji Aktivitas Nanoemulsi Spray Gel Propolis sebagai Antijamur terhadap Candida albicans
Authors: Nurfatimah Baiq Aluh , Putri Fatya Kamila , Rizkika Adila , Suhayatman Early Windary , Ridwan Sucilawaty 
Published: March 2024

Aphthous stomatitis is inflammation of the oral mucosa, which can cause pain and discomfort. Thrush can be caused by Candida albicans. So, this research aims to make a nanoemulsion spray gel preparation that can treat the Candida albicans fungus. The method was to formulate propolis nanoemulsion and gel base with variations of Carbopol, followed by physical properties testing such as organoleptic test, pH, viscosity, spreadability and adhesivity, particle size, and index polydispersity. Furthermore, the antifungal activity of the preparation was tested against Candida albicans. The results showed that formulation 2 had better antifungal activity where the diameter of the inhibitory force was 22,33±0,58(p?0,05). This research concludes that formula 2 nanoemulsion spray gel preparations showed the optimum preparation based on physical properties evaluation and showed the diameter inhibitory of 22,33±0,58 mm.
Keywords: nanoemulsion, spray, gel, propolis

Abstrak
Sariawan atau Stomatitis aphtosa adalah inflamasi pada bagian mukosa mulut yang dapat menimbulkan rasa sakit dan tidak nyaman. Sariawan dapat disebabkan oleh Candida albicans. Sehingga tujuan dilakukannya penelitian ini yaitu melakukan pembuatan sediaan nanoemulsi spray gel yang dapat mengatasi jamur Candida albicans. Metode yang digunakan yaitu dengan memformulasikan nanoemulsi propolis dan basis gel dengan variasi 3 variasi formula carbopol sebagai gelling agent. Selanjutnya dilakukan uji evaluasi fisik sediaan meliputi organoleptik, pH, daya sebar lekat, viskositas, ukuran partikel, dan indeks polidispersitas. Selanjutnya dilakukan uji aktivitas antijamur terhadap Candida albicans. Hasilnya didapatkan bahwa formula 2 merupakan formula paling optimum berdasarkan evaluasi fisik. Formula ini memiliki aktivitas antijamur dengan diameter daya hambat sebesar 22,33±0,58 (p?0,05. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini yaitu formula 2 sediaan nanoemulsi spray gel merupakan formula paling optimum berdasarkan evaluasi fisik serta memiliki aktivitas terhadap jamur Candida albicans dengan zona hambat sebesar 22,33±0,58 mm.
Kata Kunci: nanoemulsi, spray, gel, propolis