bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Renal effects of GLP-1 receptor agonists and tirzepatide in individuals with type 2 diabetes: seeds of a promising future
Authors: Caruso Irene , Giorgino Francesco 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of the most common complications of type 2 diabetes (T2D), and CKD-related disability and mortality are increasing despite the recent advances in diabetes management. The dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonist tirzepatide is among the furthest developed multi-agonists for diabetes care and has so far displayed promising nephroprotective effects. This review aims to summarize the evidence regarding the nephroprotective effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) and tirzepatide and the putative mechanisms underlying the favorable renal profile of tirzepatide.

Methods
A comprehensive literature search was performed from inception to July 31st 2023 to select research papers addressing the renal effects of GLP-1RA and tirzepatide.

Results
The pathogenesis of CKD in patients with T2D likely involves many contributors besides hyperglycemia, such as hypertension, obesity, insulin resistance and glomerular atherosclerosis, exerting kidney damage through metabolic, fibrotic, inflammatory, and hemodynamic mechanisms. Tirzepatide displayed an unprecedented glucose and body weight lowering potential, presenting also with the ability to increase insulin sensitivity, reduce systolic blood pressure and inflammation and ameliorate dyslipidemia, particularly by reducing triglycerides levels.

Conclusion
Tirzepatide is likely to counteract most of the pathogenetic factors contributing to CKD in T2D, potentially representing a step forward in incretin-based therapy towards nephroprotection. Further evidence is needed to understand its role in renal hemodynamics, fibrosis, cell damage and atherosclerosis, as well as to conclusively show reduction of hard renal outcomes.
Molecular Classification of Gastrointestinal and Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms: Are We Ready for That?
Authors: Uccella Silvia 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn the last two decades, the increasing availability of technologies for molecular analyses has allowed an insight in the genomic alterations of neuroendocrine neoplasms (NEN) of the gastrointestinal tract and pancreas. This knowledge has confirmed, supported, and informed the pathological classification of NEN, clarifying the differences between neuroendocrine carcinomas (NEC) and neuroendocrine tumors (NET) and helping to define the G3 NET category. At the same time, the identification genomic alterations, in terms of gene mutation, structural abnormalities, and epigenetic changes differentially involved in the pathogenesis of NEC and NET has identified potential molecular targets for precision therapy. This review critically recapitulates the available molecular features of digestive NEC and NET, highlighting their correlates with pathological aspects and clinical characteristics of these neoplasms and revising their role as predictive biomarkers for targeted therapy. In this context, the feasibility and applicability of a molecular classification of gastrointestinal and pancreatic NEN will be explored.
In Vitro Studies of Salt Tolerance at the Physiological and Molecular Levels in Two Cultivars of Emmer Wheat (Triticum dicoccum Schrank ex Schübl)
Authors: Ilhan Dogan , Yazicilar Busra , Geyik Merve Simsek , Atici Okkes , Bezirganoglu Ismail 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate salt stress response mechanisms of Turkish emmer (Triticum dicoccum Schrank) under in vitro conditions in terms of certain reference genes such as SOS1 and SERK1 and physiological parameters associated with salt stress. We determined the expression level of SOS1 and SERK1 genes in response to salinity stress and we investigated the changes in the contents of osmolytes such as proline and soluble sugar, and certain oxidative parameters such as H2O2, and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the callus tissues under different salt concentrations (50, 150, and 200 mM NaCl). The results indicated that the calli of both cultivars decreased SOS1 gene expression in response to the low salt doses. Both cultivars increased SERK1 gene expression in response to the salt doses; with only one difference, Carcioglu has succeeded this in low salt and Durakli in high salt such as 250 mM. The Carcioglu cultivar responded to salt stress better than the Durakli cultivar in terms of increasing proline content. The salt applications generally decreased soluble sugar content in the callus cultures of both cultivars and the decreases were more prominent in the Durakli cultivar. Carcioglu decreased H2O2 and MDA contents at especially 150 mM salt while the Durakli cultivar failed to reduce their contents in any of the salt doses studied. The findings obtained from gene expressions and physiological parameters support each other, it can be suggested that the Carcioglu cultivar has a higher response to salt stress than the Durakli cultivar.
Synergism of sonication and microwave on phytochemical and physicochemical capacity of sugarcane-mint blend juice
Authors: Hussain Ashiq , Batool Syeda Ayesha , Sidrah  , Kabir Khurram , Siddique Tahira , Yaqub Shazia , Shahzad Anjum , Kauser Samina , Ali Atif , Arif Muhammad Rehan , Mahdi Amer Ali , Korma Sameh A. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) juice, a beverage with fascinating track record of health promoting potential, loaded with phenolics, flavonoids, the bioactives, is capable of high antioxidant activities. The mint is a reliable herbal plant, with loads of phytochemicals and hundreds of food applications. However, sugarcane juice added with mint is normally consumed without any processing and preservation. Therefore, it is important to employ green processing technologies on sugarcane-mint juice blend, in order to process and preserve this nutritional juice with optimum retention of bioactives. In the current study sugarcane-mint blend juice was developed to study the synergistic effect of sonication (20 kHz, 70% amplitude, 5, 10 and 15 min) and microwave (90 °C, 400 W, 120 s) on pH, titratable acidity, total soluble solids (TSS), total phenolics (TPC), total flavonoids (TFC) and antioxidant activity of developed beverage, at 7 days interval, during 21 days of storage period. Increment in sonication time and advancement in storage days, both resulted in an increase in pH, and decrease in titratable acidity and TSS of blend juice. Sonication for 15 min along with microwave exhibited significant (p ≤ 0.05) results in terms of rise in TPC, TFC and antioxidant ability of blend juice, as compared to 10 and 5 min, sonication. Whereas, untreated juice samples exhibited significantly (p ≤ 0.05) less contents of TPC, TFC and antioxidant capacity, which were further significantly (p ≤ 0.05) decreased during 21 days of storage. Our results highlighted the significance of synergism of sonication and microwave in improvement of physicochemical and phytochemical quality of sugarcane-mint blend juice.
Leveraging mass media for disseminating information on health awareness days
Authors: Kasturia Shivani , Girdhar Divya 
Published: March 2024

AbstractHealth awareness days are dedicated to raising awareness regarding health issues and encouraging individuals to take preventative measures to improve their health. Mass media, including television, radio, print, and internet platforms, may significantly spread information and promote health awareness days to a large audience. It can contribute to increasing public knowledge, facilitating behaviour change, and encouraging individuals to take action towards better health. For this study, an interview schedule was conducted in four sub-divisions of the Gurgaon District of Haryana, and 400 respondents were administered the questionnaire. 76% of the respondents are keen on knowing all health days listed by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, GOI. Further, 38.2% of the respondents would prefer online news as a mass media medium to know about health awareness days. Health awareness days can play a critical role in increasing the respondents’ knowledge about disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment.
Grinding as a slaughter method for farmed black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae: Empirical recommendations to achieve instantaneous killing
Authors: Barrett Meghan , Miranda Chelsea , Veloso I Theresse , Flint Casey , Perl Craig D , Martinez Austin , Fischer Bob , Tomberlin Jeffery K 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
At least 200 billion black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae (BSFL) are reared each year as food and feed, and the insect farming industry is projected to grow rapidly. Despite interest by consumers, producers, and legislators, no empirical evidence exists to guide producers in practicing humane – or instantaneous – slaughter for these novel mini-livestock. BSFL may be slaughtered via freezing, boiling, grinding, or other methods; however standard operating procedures (SOPs) and equipment design may affect the likelihood of instantaneous death using these methods. We tested how larval body size and particle size plate hole diameter affect the likelihood of instantaneous death for black soldier fly larvae that are slaughtered using a standard meat grinder. Larval body size did not affect the likelihood of instantaneous death for larvae that are 106–175 mg in mass. However, particle size plate hole diameter had a significant effect on the likelihood of instantaneous death, with only 54% of larvae experiencing an instant death when using the largest particle size plate (12-mm hole diameter) compared to 84% using the smallest particle size plate (2.55 mm). However, a higher percentage of instantaneous death (up to 99%) could be achieved by reducing the proportion of larvae that become stuck in the machine. We conclude by outlining specific recommendations to support producers in achieving a 99% instantaneous death rate through specific SOPs to be used with similarly designed machines. We also develop a protocol for producers that wish to test their own grinding SOPs.
Mobile data for studying public space, and trips in Mexico City: a study case of six suburban zones
Authors: Saniger Alejandro , López David , Delón Constanza , Ruiz Oscar 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This study uses anonymized GPS traces to explore travel patterns within six suburban zones and a central area in Mexico City. The descriptive analysis presented in this paper profiles trips by distance and investigates their distribution within each zone. It examines the prevalence of local trips, walkability, and the availability and spread of entertainment sites within 15-min isochrones accessible by foot, bicycle, transit, and private vehicle. Notably, the central zone boasts diverse entertainment offerings, commendable walkability, and a substantial proportion of short and long trips. It is found that GPS traces are within their home. However, the share of long trips for the inhabitants of central zones is considerably more significant than that for the suburbs. The study highlights suburban zones that could benefit from governmental intervention to enhance transportation and pedestrian conditions. Additionally, it identifies other suburban zones that resemble the central areas in terms of walkability, trip distribution by distances, and the accessibility of entertainment places.
The Reasonable Content of Conscience in Public Bioethics
Authors: Brummett Abram , Eberl Jason 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Bioethicists aim to provide moral guidance in policy, research, and clinical contexts using methods of moral analysis (e.g., principlism, casuistry, and narrative ethics) that aim to satisfy the constraints of public reason. Among other objections, some critics have argued that public reason lacks the moral content needed to resolve bioethical controversies because discursive reason simply cannot justify any substantive moral claims in a pluralistic society. In this paper, the authors defend public reason from this criticism by showing that it contains sufficient content to address one of the perennial controversies in bioethics—the permissibility and limits of clinician conscientious objection. They develop a “reasonability view” grounded in public reason and apply it to some recent examples of conscientious objection.
Hybrid physics-machine learning models for predicting rate of penetration in the Halahatang oil field, Tarim Basin
Authors: Jiao Shengjie , Li Wei , Li Zhuolun , Gai Jingming , Zou Linhao , Su Yinao 
Published: March 2024

AbstractRate of penetration (ROP) is a key factor in drilling optimization, cost reduction and drilling cycle shortening. Due to the systematicity, complexity and uncertainty of drilling operations, however, it has always been a problem to establish a highly accurate and interpretable ROP prediction model to guide and optimize drilling operations. To solve this problem in the Tarim Basin, this study proposes four categories of hybrid physics-machine learning (ML) methods for modeling. One of which is residual modeling, in which an ML model learns to predict errors or residuals, via a physical model; the second is integrated coupling, in which the output of the physical model is used as an input to the ML model; the third is simple average, in which predictions from both the physical model and the ML model are combined; and the last is bootstrap aggregating (bagging), which follows the idea of ensemble learning to combine different physical models’ advantages. A total of 5655 real data points from the Halahatang oil field were used to test the performance of the various models. The results showed that the residual modeling model, with an R2 of 0.9936, had the best performance, followed by the simple average model and bagging with R2 values of 0.9394 and 0.5998, respectively. From the view of prediction accuracy, and model interpretability, the hybrid physics-ML model with residual modeling is the optimal method for ROP prediction.
Compatibility Assessment of Unactivated Internal Alkynes in ­Rhodium-Catalyzed [2+2+2] Cycloadditions
Authors: Watson Allan J. B. , Halford-McGuff John M. , McKay Aidan P. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractFunctionalized 1,2,4,5-tetrasubstituted benzenes are synthetically difficult or laborious to access. The Rh-catalyzed [2+2+2] cycloaddition of a diyne and internal alkyne offers a seemingly straightforward route to these scaffolds; however, this has been largely restricted to alkynes bearing activating (coordinating) functional groups, with very few examples of unactivated alkynes. In this work, we disclose an assessment of Rh-catalyzed [2+2+2] cycloadditions employing unactivated internal alkynes, focusing on the structural diversity and compatibility of both alkyne and diyne components. The limitations of this method are disclosed, with exceptionally bulky alkynes and specific functional groups undergoing side reactions. Furthermore, the practicalities of gram-scale reactions and catalyst recovery/reuse are demonstrated.
Extracellular vesicles in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Berriel Pinho Victor Hugo , Daher João Paulo Lima , Kanaan Salim , Medeiros Thalia 
Published: March 2024

AbstractExtracellular vesicles (EVs) are small vesicles released by cells that facilitate cell signaling. They are categorized based on their biogenesis and size. In the context of the central nervous system (CNS), EVs have been extensively studied for their role in both normal physiological functions and diseases like Alzheimer's disease (AD). AD is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cognitive decline and neuronal death. EVs have emerged as potential biomarkers for AD due to their involvement in disease progression. Specifically, EVs derived from neurons, astrocytes, and neuron precursor cells exhibit changes in quantity and composition in AD. Neuron-derived EVs have been found to contain key proteins associated with AD pathology, such as amyloid beta (Aß) and tau. Increased levels of Aß in neuron-derived EVs isolated from the plasma have been observed in individuals with AD and mild cognitive impairment, suggesting their potential as early biomarkers. However, the analysis of tau in neuron-derived EVs is still inconclusive. In addition to Aß and tau, neuron-derived EVs also carry other proteins linked to AD, including synaptic proteins. These findings indicate that EVs could serve as biomarkers for AD, particularly for early diagnosis and disease monitoring. However, further research is required to validate their use and explore potential therapeutic applications. To summarize, EVs are small vesicles involved in cell signaling within the CNS. They hold promise as biomarkers for AD, potentially enabling early diagnosis and monitoring of disease progression. Ongoing research aims to refine their use as biomarkers and uncover additional therapeutic applications.
Electrochemical Construction of C–S Bond: A Green Approach for Preparing Sulfur-Containing Scaffolds
Authors: Zou Ruonan , Yu Jingbo , Ying Ping 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe organosulfur frameworks containing C–S bonds are important structural motifs in various biologically active molecules and functional materials. In this regard, transition-metal catalysis using chemical oxidants to prime reactions has emerged as the most common method, however, is prone to several side reactions such as dimerization and overoxidation. In recent years, organic electrosynthesis has become a hot topic due to its eco-friendly and mild process in which costly catalysts and toxic oxidants could be replaced by electrons. This perspective summarized the recently developed C–S bond electrosynthesis protocols, discussing and highlighting reaction features, substrate scope, as well as its application in pharmaceuticals, and the underlying reaction mechanisms. The study helps the development of electrochemical process-enabled C–S bond construction reactions in the future.
Cerebral palsy and sleep: nonpharmacological treatment and impact on the life of caregivers – an integrative review
Authors: Almeida Marcela Fischer de , Mello Suzane , Zonta Marise Bueno , Crippa Ana Chrystina 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background Children with cerebral palsy have a higher prevalence of sleep disorders, with numerous factors associated with a negative impact on the quality of life of caregivers.
Objective To identify factors related to sleep disorders, nonpharmacological treatment, and the impact on the lives of caregivers.
Methods The present literature review was carried out in the Latin American and Caribbean Center on Health Sciences Information (BIREME), the Cochrane Library, Scopus, PubMed, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), PsycInfo, WorldCat, Web of Science, Latin American Literature on Health Sciences (LILACS), and Excerpta Medica Database (EMBASE), with the descriptors sleep, child, cerebral palsy, parents, and nursing. Studies available in Portuguese, English, or Spanish, published between 2010 and 2020, were our inclusion criteria. A total of 29 articles were included in the present review.
Results We considered nonpharmacological interventions effective support measures to drug-based treatments. The main sleep disorders in children with cerebral palsy are insomnia, parasomnias, nightmares, sleep bruxism, sleepwalking, sleep talking, disorders of initiation and maintenance of sleep, and sleep hyperhidrosis. Most studies point to a reduction in the quality of life of caregivers whose children have sleep disorders.
Conclusion Our review suggests the effectiveness of nonpharmacological treatments combined with the use of medications. Measures such as changes in sleep environment and routine are favorable strategies to improve sleep quality. In addition, children with sleep disorders negatively impact the quality of life of their caregivers.
An SOI-based post-fabrication process for compliant MEMS devices
Authors: Hao Yongcun , Wang Yanlong , Liu Yonghao , Yuan Weizheng , Chang Honglong 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Fabricating compliant microelectromechanical system (MEMS) devices is challenging because they are easily damaged during fabrication. This paper presents a fabrication process based on the silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafer for compliant MEMS devices. In the fabrication process, tethers were used to enhance the strength of the compliant devices during fabrication and finally melted with an electric current to release the device after fabrication. We discover that the power supply mode and voltage value are very critical for low-resistance tether melting. The fabrication results show that the yield rate of the compliant microgripper increased from 44% to 100%, which is a significant improvement compared with conventional processes. The successful fabrication of the microgripper proved that the proposed SOI-based post-fabrication process is feasible and can be used to fabricate different kinds of compliant devices.
Properties of collisional plasma sheath with ionization source term and two-temperature electrons in an oblique magnetic field
Authors: Chen Long , An Yuhao , Tan Congqi , Duan Ping , Cui Zuojun , Chen Junyu , Zhou Lina 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
A collisional magnetized plasma sheath with two groups of electrons has been studied using a fluid model including the effects of the ionization source term and the collisional force between ions and neutral atoms. Two kinds of non-Maxwellian descriptions of electron velocity distribution, non-extensive distribution and truncated distribution, are applied in the model, and the ionization effects of both kinds are considered. By applying Sagdeev potential, the modified Bohm sheath criterion is derived. The effects of ionization, magnetic field, and high-temperature electron concentration ratio on plasma sheath density, potential, sheath thickness, and ion kinetic energy are studied. In cases with high background gas density, ion density accumulates at the sheath edge position, forming a peak and manifesting as a rapid drop in the potential profile. The distribution characteristics of electrons have a significant impact on the transport properties of ions. Oscillations and non-monotonic characteristics of net charge near the sheath edge occur as the magnetic field angle increases, leading to an increase in the sheath layer width. It can be seen that in the case of a collisional sheath structure with high-temperature electrons, it is essential to consider the sheath changes induced by the ionization and the collisional force. Compared to a symmetric electron velocity distribution, the actual thickness of the sheath layer in a truncated electron distribution assumption could be significantly reduced.