bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Medicalist, Physiological, and Sociological Explanations
Authors: Cohen Emma 
Published: September 2007

AbstractChapter 5 reviews medicalist, physiological, and sociological approaches to possession. The usefulness of the approaches reviewed—descriptive, interpretive, and explanatory—is assessed against the evidential standards required for scientific investigation. Chapters 4 and 5 argue that scientific explanation necessitates cross‐disciplinary collaboration between traditionally disparate bodies of knowledge, as well as the sharing of methodological tools of investigation.
THREE The Statesversus the Second Bank of the United States
Authors: Ellis E. Richard 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
This chapter examines the impact of the Panic of 1819 on the 2 BUS, the congressional investigation of the activities of the 2 BUS, the removal of William Jones as its President, and how relations with the state banks were further exacerbated. It also traces the formal reactions of a number of different states to the creation of branches within their jurisdiction. Special attention is given to developments in the state of Maryland which led to the arranged case of McCulloch v. Maryland, and Chief Justice Marshall's role in it.
Introduction
Authors: Chung Young‐Iob 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
This introductory chapter presents the objectives of the book and its scope of analysis in terms of the extent, pattern, and character of capital formation and its contribution to South Korea's economic development and structural changes in the economy after the Korean War. This reveals a unique experience compared to that of other countries with similar backgrounds, especially those in Asia. The chapter also notes the reasons why the study of economic development and capital formation is essential to understanding the path of South Korea's economic development. The approach followed in this study and the nature of data sources used in this book are discussed.
Economic Development and Structural Changes
Authors: Chung Young‐Iob 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
This chapter examines the path and record of economic development in South Korea. This is carried out in several stages, focusing on the increases in GDP and the structural changes that transformed the economy after the Korean War. These are investigated in terms of aggregate and sectoral expansions and shifts, the rise of capital- and technological-intensive industries, the expansion of the scale of business enterprises, and changes in the magnitude and pattern of foreign trade. The chapter also evaluates the structural changes in various economic sectors, such as social overhead capital, industry, manufacturing, service sectors, agriculture, mining, and others. It follows with an examination of the fundamental changes in industrial structure and organization, including the rise of jaebeol and their importance to economic growth. Finally, the factors affecting economic growth and structural changes are enumerated.
Aggregate and Sectoral Investment
Authors: Chung Young‐Iob 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
This chapter investigates aggregate and sectoral investments in both the public and private sectors, estimating their magnitudes, discerning their patterns and nature, and assessing the role of the government. The nature of aggregate investment is evaluated in terms of the extent and type of investment in construction, equipment, machinery, and replacement/new capital goods, while sectoral investment is examined relative to social overhead capital in the public, business, and household sectors, including manufacturing and housing. The nature of business investment is evaluated relative to capital and technology intensity, scale, and overseas investment. In addition to investment in physical capital, investment in human capital and its contribution to economic development are also scrutinized.
Economic Impacts of Industrial and Financial Policies
Authors: Chung Young‐Iob 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThis chapter evaluates the economic impacts of the government's industrial and financial policies, which provided interest subsidies, wealth, and inflation windfalls to privileged businesses in terms of production costs, profits, investments, sectoral growth, industrial organization, and savings. The chapter further evaluates the impact of resource allocation on macroeconomic disruptions, sectoral misallocations between privileged and unsupported businesses, manufacturing vs. service industries, heavy and chemical industries vs. light industries, and large vs. small businesses. Economic rent-seeking activities, cronyism and corruption, non-performing loans, financial burdens, the disciplining of financial intermediaries, and financial and corporate reforms in recent years are assessed. The chapter also asks: were the government's industrial and financial policies the optimal measures to achieve the industrialization and the expansion of the nation's economy? Who were the major beneficiaries of the government's industrial and financial policies? Did government control of financial institutions deprive the banks of incentive to improve efficiency? Finally, the chapter lists the future economic and financial challenges facing the country.
Capital Formation
Authors: Chung Young‐Iob 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
This chapter assesses the balance between investment and savings by examining the deficit and surplus savings sectors for the last half of the 20th century following the Korean War. In order to gain comprehensive insight into the contribution of each component of investment to the overall capital formation and economic development of the country, investment is linked to the sources of the savings that financed it, and their relationship and relative importance are evaluated.
Sex Talk and Gender Rites
Authors: Biernacki Loriliai 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
This chapter addresses women's roles and attitudes toward women in the Tantric rite of sexual union. This chapter also addresses the problem of the relation between sex represented in a text and the question of whether “anyone ever really did this.” What does it mean to portray a rite involving sex in a textual source? This chapter explores the discourse around women's bodies and how identity is enacted through sex and language—and language about sex. Key in this version of the rite is that it rejects a notion of ascetic mastery over the body and women. This is coded in the rite gesturally, in the ways that bodies act in relation to one another, and iterated conceptually in the philosophical “secret” behind the Tantric rite of sexual union—that, contrary to normative understanding of the feminine as matter, the Tantric “secret” is that the feminine principle is spirit, soul and essence.
The Other/Woman
Authors: Biernacki Loriliai 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
What role, if any, do wives play in Tantric rite of sexual union? This chapter focuses on a neglected counterview within Tantric praxis: the participation of the wife as the male practitioner's partner in the Tantric sex rite. Admittedly, the texts that enjoin only the wife as partner, excluding the “other” woman, are a minority. Nevertheless, that this occurs at all suggests we need to expand our images of Tantric practice. The alternative this presents makes it apparent that dominant representations did not exist uncontested. This chapter suggests that the wife as partner disrupts normative relations between the genders. A consequence is that the wife as partner in the rite undoes the more typical coding of women as male property. It also allows us to see an otherwise obscured element of transgression as religious phenomenon: it may here in part derive from the anxiety of difference that woman presents.
To Speak Like a Woman
Authors: Biernacki Loriliai 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
This chapter looks at the links between “female” speech and the female body, arguing that female speech is frequently stereotypically coded as performative speech. A consequence of this stereotype of female speech is that it undermines the validity of women's speech. This chapter explores these stereotypes through comparing a myth in the Great Blue Tantra that tells the story of the birth of the feminine word, the feminine mantra, with two other examples of women's speech as connected to the body and as performative speech, within both an Indian context and in the contemporary U. S. This chapter suggests with the comparison an instance of recoding the stereotype, and with it, a recoding of the value attached to the body, matter, materiality, and Nature.
Conclusion
Authors: Biernacki Loriliai 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
Referencing the image of the Goddess Kāmākhyā, the Renowned Goddess of Desire introduced at the beginning of this book, this conclusion recaps the themes of this book. In particular it argues for a multifaceted understanding of women's roles in Tantra. The overarching hermeneutic framework has been to locate alternative images of women within the parameters of speech and representation. Each of the chapters reflects upon the issues involved in representing women, how representation of women is intertwined with women's ability, or not, to speak and how women's bodies are represented in their speech. Thus throughout this book the guiding theme has been a return to the question of speech, speech about women, and the implication of women's bodies in this speech.
Evolution and Divine Suffering
Authors: Schaab Gloria L. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractKey concepts in the evolutionary theology provide primary grounding for an affirmation of divine suffering. Chapter 5 explores six elements that factor significantly into a proposal of divine passibility: the costly process of evolution, the reality of cosmic indeterminacy, God‐world interaction through whole‐part influence, the notion of the anthropic universe, the transcendent and immanent creativity of God, and the panentheistic paradigm of the God‐world relationship. It analyzes each element specifically in terms of its impact on a theology of the creative suffering of the Triune God. It concludes by analyzing the proposal of suffering in God according to the criteria delineated in chapter 4.
Social Mobility and the Cities of Italy
Authors: Patterson John R. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThis chapter discusses the resources of the cities, and the cities’ relationship with benefactors, in the context of the phenomenon of social mobility in the cities of Italy, both below and above the local ordo decurionum (city council), as members of the local aristocracies advanced into the equestrian order and the senate, and were in turn replaced in civic life by men from lower social echelons, often the sons of freedmen. An examination of the career of the emperor Vespasian shows how social mobility worked in the case of one Italian family. The chapter examines the impact of mobility of this kind on the cities and their territories, and the strategies the cities devised to counteract the impact of the advancement of the traditional local elites, by appointing civic patrons, cultivating affluent families, and widening participation in civic affairs to involve the upwardly mobile, who often served as Augustales and took on roles in the collegia (popular associations).
Conclusion
Authors: Patterson John R. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe final chapter ties together developments in city and countryside revealed by the previous discussions. It outlines two possible models of urban development in this period, emphasizes the increasing hierarchisation of cities in the high empire, and returns to the four areas examined in the first chapter — Campania, Etruria, Samnium, and Lucania — to provide a concluding overview of city-country relationships there. A final case study, of Ligures Baebiani, provides an illustration of the efforts made to maintain civic life even in a small centre overshadowed by its much larger neighbour.
Introduction
Authors: Dench Emma 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
This introductory chapter begins with a review of post-classical artistic representations of the myth of Romulus' asylum. It then discusses Roman identity in modern contexts and the frequent linking of the myth of Romulus' asylum with that of the rape of the Sabine women. The main theme of the book is then described, namely, the inseparability of myth, history, and institutions in ancient perceptions of the Roman citizenship.
Flesh and Blood
Authors: Dench Emma 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
This chapter discusses the ancient perception of ethnicity and race. To the ancients, culture was a far more important factor in human behaviour than skin colour or other ‘racial’ characteristics. This chapter explores the history of ideas relating to Roman identity with an emphasis on the socio-specific nature of taxonomies and meanings. The chapter also considers the problems associated with the assumption that the ‘disabled’ were any kind of meaningful group in antiquity, either by their own claims or by ascription.
Epilogue: Closure?
Authors: Dench Emma 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
This chapter argues that historical specificity is peculiarly vexed in the study of Roman history, given the clustering of continuous narrative sources from the end of the Republic, which has led to very different assessments of the value of such narratives for the reconstruction of ‘what really happened’ in the early, and even the middle, Republic. Despite the difficulties of trying to extrapolate different historical ‘layers’, it is essential to attempt to identify changing traditions, not least to gain a clearer insight into how, by whom, and why the history of the Republic was substantially ‘invented’. This exercise is particularly necessary given the impression of unchanging essentialism that Roman myth and mythologizing history frequently seeks to affirm.
The Structured Self in Hellenistic and Roman Thought
Authors: Gill Christopher 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThis book examines ideas about personality and self in Hellenistic and Roman philosophy, and the possible influence of these ideas on Greek and Roman literature. The book is subdivided into three parts. The first part focuses on the question of what is new and distinctive in the Hellenistic philosophical conception of self, especially in Stoicism and Epicureanism. A shared or converging set of ideas (the structured self) is analyzed in these two theories, centred on a combination of radical (Socratic) ethical claims and on psychophysical and psychological holism. This view of selfhood is contrasted with the non-holistic, part-based conception of personality found in the Platonic-Aristotelian philosophical tradition in this period. The second part illustrates this broad contrast with special reference to the Stoic theory of passions and its critical reception by thinkers in the Platonic-Aristotelian tradition, such as Plutarch and Galen. It is suggested that the Stoic theory and its critics are both influenced by different strands in Plato’s thought about psychology. The third part of the book discusses theoretical issues about concepts of selfhood. It argues against the common view that Hellenistic-Roman thought shows a shift towards a subjective-individualistic notion of self. This part also considers the possible influence of the philosophical ideas discussed here on literature in this period. It identifies contrasting Platonic-Aristotelian and Stoic-Epicurean ways of thinking about collapse of character, and traces the possible influence of these patterns in Plutarch’s biography, Senecan tragedy, and Virgilian epic.
Psychophysical Holism in Stoicism and Epicureanism
Authors: Gill Christopher 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThis chapter identifies, as a key innovative feature of Hellenistic thought about personality, the idea of the person as a psychophysical unit or whole in Stoicism and Epicureanism. It contrasts this idea with the core-centred or part-based view of the personality sometimes found in Plato and Aristotle, while highlighting certain strands in Platonic or Aristotelian thought that may have helped to shape Stoic and Epicurean thought about personality. Psychophysical holism in Stoicism and Epicureanism is illustrated by reference to their views about the physical nature of the psyche and the development of human beings (and other animals) as embodied psychological wholes. Connections are also traced with some puzzles about identity in Stoic and Epicurean thought.
Issues in Selfhood: Subjectivity and Objectivity
Authors: Gill Christopher 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThis chapter challenges the rather common view that Hellenistic-Roman thought shows a shift towards a more subjective and individualistic conception of self. It argues that this period expresses an ‘objective-participant’ conception, like that of Classical Greece. The account of self-knowledge in Plato’s Alcibiades is offered as an illustration of Classical Greek objective-participant thinking about the self. The chapter contests the idea, maintained by some scholars, that we find a shift towards a more subjective conception of self in the Stoic theory of development as appropriation or in Epictetus’ Stoic teachings on practical ethics. It also questions the idea that we can find in ancient thought generally certain themes associated in modern thought with subjective conceptions of selfhood, especially that of the uniquely ‘first-personal’ viewpoint; this point is illustrated by reference to Cyrenaic and Sceptical thought about impressions.
Women Latin Poets in Spain and Portugal
Authors: Stevenson Jane 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
This chapter focuses on Spanish women and scholarship: evidence from the middle ages. It discusses Spanish attitudes towards learned women, the royal nun Costanza de Castilla, and Fernando and Isabel as Renaissance rulers. Limited Spanish reception for humanism and women's involvement with mystical religion are examined. The chapter also considers learned women at the Spanish court, an evolving Hapsburg tradition of educated princesses. It also discusses the humanist Lucio Marineo Siculo's relations with a variety of Latin-literate women. It includes separate sections on Luisa Sigea; Renaissance literary culture in Portugal; women as contributors to poetic certamina in Latin as well as the vernacular; Latinity in convent culture; and the case of Juliana Morel. Reasons why the extensive humanist activity of the 16th century was not built upon in the 17th are enumerated.
Women Latinists of the Renaissance in Northern and Central Europe
Authors: Stevenson Jane 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
This chapter focuses on late medieval German convent culture, and its renaissance in the 15th century. It explores the impact of the Reformation: Charitas Pirckheimer and nuns' defense of Catholicism, and women Protestant apologists. It also examines 15th-century Latinate laywomen, notably Margaretha Welser, and the idea of an educated woman as national ornament. The influence of Protestant exiles from Italy in the early 16th century, such as Olimpia Morata and Celio Secundo Curio, is discussed. The chapter presents the Protestant ideal of companionate marriage: Erasmus, Paul Melissus, and his wife Aemilia. An increasing tendency to educate princesses in Latin as the 16th century progressed is pointed out. Netherlandic Latinity, Dutch women humanists, especially Johanna Otho, and Petronia Lansenberg, living within a network of epistolatory connections are considered. Women's participation in alba amicorum; Elizabeth Jane Weston and other 16th-century women Latinists in central Europe; and royal and other women Latinists in Renaissance Poland are also discussed.
The Ghost in the House:Bowen's Court(1942) and ‘The Back Drawing-Room’ (1926)
Authors: Corcoran Neil 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThis chapter offers a reading of Bowen's family history, Bowen's Court, and of a crucial short story, The Back Drawing-Room. It suggests that the various types of ghost encountered in both are crucial to an understanding of Bowen's writing. It traces these back to Bowen's inheritance from forms of Irish 19th-century Protestant Gothic and from her origins as a member of the Ascendancy, in which her view of the ‘big house’ is crucial. It also explores in detail Bowen's view of Irish history, her attitudes of both attachment to and detachment from Ireland, and her permanent interest in various forms of dispossession. Doing so, it takes issue with some influential earlier readings of Bowen, notably that by Declan Kiberd.
Childless Mother: The Disfigurations ofEva Trout or Changing Scenes(1968)
Authors: Corcoran Neil 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThis chapter focuses on Bowen's last, problematical novel, Eva Trout, which has polarized critical opinion. It explains this opinion and reasons for it, then proposes a new reading of it as the climax in an altogether novel structure of Bowen's interest in the figures of mother and child. In the novel's eponymous heroine, Bowen articulates a representation of that impossible figure — the mother who has no child. A radically unsettling experimental fiction, this novel disfigures various figurations in the earlier work in a process of anamorphosis likened to some photographic distortions. In addition, such figures of authority in the earlier work as Henry James are, in this novel, replaced with an extensive consideration of Dickens, as novelist of childhood and writer of the grotesque. Finally, the chapter considers the metanarrative element of the novel, including its engagement with the forms and metaphysics of traditional Christianity.
Foundations of Language
Authors: Jackendoff Ray 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThis book surveys the last thirty-five years of research in generative linguistics and related fields and offers a new understanding of how language, the brain, and perception intermesh. The book renews the conclusions of early generative linguistics: that language can be a valuable entrée into understanding the human mind and brain. The approach is interdisciplinary. The book proposes that the creativity of language derives from multiple parallel generative systems linked by interface components. This shift in basic architecture allows for a reconception of mental grammar and how it is learned. The book aims to reintegrate linguistics with philosophy of mind, cognitive and developmental psychology, evolutionary biology, neuroscience, and computational linguistics. Among the major topics treated are language processing, the relation of language to perception, the innateness of language, and the evolution of the language capacity, as well as more standard issues in linguistic theory such as the roles of syntax and the lexicon. In addition, this book offers a sophisticated theory of semantics that incorporates insights from philosophy of language, logic and formal semantics, lexical semantics of various stripes, cognitive grammar, psycholinguistic and neurolinguistic approaches, and the author's own conceptual semantics.
Implications for Processing
Authors: Jackendoff Ray 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThis chapter goes further toward a rapprochement of theoretical linguistics and psycholinguistics. It concerns itself with the job of the language processor: how stored pieces are used online to build combinatorial linguistic structures in working memory during speech perception and production. It begins by showing how the architecture proposed in Chapter 5 translates into a processing model, with the interface components playing a crucial role. In particular, the treatment of the lexicon in the parallel architecture turns out to fit nicely into analyses of lexical access in perception and production. It then takes up some more general questions about the role of modularity in processing. The overall goal is to show that the parallel architecture offers a theoretical perspective that unifies linguistics with psycholinguistics more satisfactorily than was previously possible.