bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HLA and rheumatoid arthritis in the japanese
Authors: Nakai Yuko , Wakisaka Akemi , Aizawa Miki , Itakura Katsuaki , Nakai Hidenori , Ohashi Akira 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSixty‐three Japanese patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were typed for HLA‐A, ‐B, and ‐DR locus specificities. A significant association was found only with increased frequency of HLA‐DR4 in the patients (71.4%) compared with controls (41.8%) (corrected P = 0.007, relative risk = 3.5). No association was found with HLA‐A9 or HLA‐Bw54, which are in linkage disequilibrium with HLA‐DR4 in the Japanese. The association between HLA‐DR4 and RA observed in these Japanese patients has also been demonstrated in the white population.
Avidity indices of anti‐IgG antibodies in diseases
Authors: Chia D. , Nasu H. , Yamagata J. , Barnett E. V. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAnti‐IgG antibodies were detected in 69% of 235 sera tested. A simple and reproducible method was developed to measure the avidity index of anti‐IgG antibodies. It was found that subjects with systemic lupus erythematosus and progressive systemic sclerosis and normal controls had antibodies with lower avidity index than those with rheumatoid arthritis and Down's syndrome. The difference in avidity seems to be disease specific. Avidity does not correlate with antibody titers, but all sera with high avidity antibody are positive in the latex test. The anti‐IgG as measured by this method was shown to be mainly of IgM class. The avidity indices of whole sera and purified IgM fractions were similar.
A preliminary ferrographic survey of the wear particles in human synovial fluid
Authors: Evans Christopher H. , Mears Dana C. , Mcknight Jennifer L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe technique of ferrography has been applied to the analysis of wear particles in human synovial fluid aspirates. A number of discrete, identifiable classes of wear particles were found, including particles indicative of cutting wear and rubbing wear. The spectrum of particles varied among different groups of patients, suggesting an eventual diagnostic use for this method.
EVALUATION OF A PILOT PROGRAM FOR RHEUMATIC DISABILITY IN AN URBAN COMMUNITY
Authors: Liang M. H. , Phillips E. E. , Scamman M. D. , Lurye C. S. , Keith A. , Cohen L. , Taylor G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA program for the systematic detection and management of arthritis disability was developed for an urban population. A survey identified 601 persons with rheumatic disability in a population of 9,500–10,550. Seventy‐eight persons were evaluated and given recommendations. An ombudsman assisted the clients in obtaining health services and coordinated care. An evaluation 6–8 months later showed increased utilization of and referrals to relevant services but, on the whole, little improvement in functional capacity was noted. However, the small numbers do not permit more definite conclusions.
Cytotoxic T cell interactions with antigen. potential relevance for drug‐related lupus
Authors: Shaw Stephen , Shearer Gene M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractUnderstanding of cytotoxic T cell recognition may be relevant to the study of drug‐related lupus because either cell‐mediated cytotoxicity (CMC) contributes to triggering the disease or CMC provides an informative model to study T cell recognition of foreign antigen. As a model, CMC demonstrates the following: 1) Antigen presentation can occur by membrane insertion of the antigen, covalent modification of the cell surface, or cell surface adsorption of the antigen; these may be modes of presentation by which drug‐related antigens induce adverse responses. 2) HLA antigens regulate a wide variety of immune responses; this may be crucial in drug‐related lupus since HLA antigens may regulate autoimmune responses, may affect an individual' susceptibility to lupus, and may increase the risk for other specific adverse drug reactions.
Regulation of immune reactivity to collagen in human beings
Authors: Solinger A. M. , Stobo J. D. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractDenatured beef collagen was tested for its ability to induce the production of leukocyte inhibition factor among the peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with rheumatoid arthritis and normal individuals. Responsiveness, defined as the production of leukocyte inhibition factor sufficient to cause greater than 20% inhibition of leukocyte migration, was significantly (P < 0.001, x2 = 31.1) associated with HLA‐DR4. All HLA‐DR4 positive individuals, including subjects without any evidence of synovitis, were collagen responders. There was no significant (P = 0.3) difference in the absolute reactivity of HLA‐DR4+ versus HLA‐DR4− individuals to respond to another antigen, Candida albicans. Collagen reactivity required interactions between macrophages and T cells and was directed against determinants inherent in the linear polypeptide, (Gly‐Pro)n. In 5 normal HLA‐DR4− nonresponders tested, absence of discernable reactivity to collagen was associated with the presence of antigen‐specific, radiosensitive suppressive T cells. These studies suggest that during the physiologic metabolism of collagen all individuals are exposed to Gly‐Pro determinants normally buried in the interstices of the collagen triple helix. In individuals whose major histocompatibility complex contains genes linked to those coding for HLA‐DR4, this results in the activation of reactive T cells. Conversely, in individuals lacking these genes, collagen‐specific suppressive cells predominate.
Immunologic effects of hydralazine in hypertensive patients
Authors: Litwin Allen , Adams Louis E. , Zimmer Hans , Hess Evelyn V. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTwenty‐seven hypertensive patients (23 blacks, 4 whites) treated with hydralazine had frequent serologic evidence of autoimmunity. However, only 1 patient developed a lupus syndrome. Acetylator phenotype influenced the autoimmune response; slow acetylators had a higher incidence and titers of autoantibodies. The lupus patient not only had high titers of autoantibodies but they were predominantly IgG in contrast to the predominant IgM antibodies found in other slow acetylators. Hydralazine treatment did not alter cell‐mediated immune responses and hydralazine antibodies were not detected. However, half the patients tested who received hydralazine had positive lymphoproliferative responses to the drug.
Differences in immunoregulatory t cell circuits between diphenylhydantoin‐related and spontaneously occurring systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Alarcón‐Segovia Donato , Palacios Ronald 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe studied T cell surface markers, concanavalin A–induced, and spontaneously expanded suppressor cell function and the functions of postthymic precursor (Tar) cells in 3 patients with diphenyl‐hydantoin (DPH)‐related systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The findings were compared with those in 6 patients with spontaneously occurring SLE, 3 with active and 3 with inactive disease as well as with those in 3 normal volunteers. All 4 groups were age and sex matched. Findings were also compared to studies made in a group of 32 untreated idiopathic SLE patients and 32 normal controls. All T cell markers and immuno‐regulatory functions were normal in the DPH‐related SLE patients whereas all groups of patients with spontaneously occurring SLE had low numbers of Tγ cells, and Tar cells, and decreased concanavalin–A and spontaneously expanded suppressor, human feedback inhibition and generation of suppression functions. Since consanguineous relatives of patients with spontaneously occurring SLE have been shown to have decreased suppressor cell function and patients with long‐inactive spontaneous SLE continue to have defects in their T cell circuits, our findings may indicate that, in patients who develop SLE upon DPH intake the lupus diathesis uncovered by the drug probably resides in a site of immunoregulation different from that involved in spontaneously occurring lupus.
The nature of u.s. rheumatology practice, 1977
Authors: Epstein Wallace V. , Henke Curtis J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA description of academic and community rheumatologist practice activities in the United States has been assembled from 826 responses to a 1977 survey of American Rheumatism Association members. Reported work hours and patient load are similar to other medical subspecialists, and three‐fourths of the clinical time is devoted to persons with predominantly rheumatic disease problems. Significant differences in activities occur between academic and community practices and among rheumatologists with different training backgrounds. Few characteristics vary significantly across geographic regions containing divergent rheumatologist‐population ratios. Descriptive productivity measures such as these are necessary for planning; they provide part of the empirical analysis required to give reality to manpower policies.
HEREDITARY DEFICIENCY OF THE THIRD COMPONENT OF COMPLEMENT IN TWO SISTERS WITH SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS‐LIKE SYMPTOMS
Authors: Sano Yuji , Nishimukai Hiroaki , Kitamura Hajime , Nagaki Kazuyoshi , Inai Shinya , Hamasaki Yasuteru , Maruyama Ikuro , Igata Akihiro 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe observed two sisters with lupus‐like syndrome with homozygous C3 deficiencies. A 19‐year‐old woman and her 15‐year‐old sister developed malar rash, arthralgia, and photosensitivity, but antinuclear antibodies and LE cell preparations were negative. The older sister experienced recurrent bronchitis in her childhood, but the younger sister had no recurrent infections. Serum C3 was not detected immunochemically in either sister, and total complement activity and C3 hemolytic activity were extremely low.
Monocyte receptor function in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Hoch Susan , Schur Peter H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMonocytes from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), osteoarthritis (OA), and normal volunteers were studied for abnormalities of Fc and C3 receptor function. Monocytes from the majority of 22 patients with active RA showed enhanced EA‐rosette formation and EA phagocytosis compared to monocytes from 20 normal volunteers and 10 OA patients. However, no significant differences in binding of EAC or uptake of iodinated aggregated gamma globulin were found among the 3 groups. Corticosteroid‐treated RA patients exhibited significant depression of EA‐rosette formation and phagocytosis. These results suggest that there is modulation of EA receptor function in monocytes from RA patients.
The private practice of rheumatology. the first 1,000 patients
Authors: Bohan Anthony 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAlthough this report of the first 1,000 patients in a rheumatologic consultative private practice cannot necessarily reflect the general experience of rheumatology, certain conclusions may be valid and may help to guide the rheumatologist‐in‐training. Approximately 70% of our patients were categorized as having “inflammatory” or “connective tissue” disorders, rather than degenerative disorders. Internists and general practitioners were the principal referral sources. Over 80% of referrals came from a relatively small geographic radius of 10—15 miles. A population base of perhaps 200,000 people, therefore, may be necessary to support a purely rheumatologic practice. A relatively steady flow of 2 new patients per day was not significantly influenced by subsequent additional rheumatologists moving into the area. However, the pattern of referrals clearly changed to include more patient‐to‐patient referrals (nearly 30%), perhaps reflecting both loss of physician referral sources and the increasing number of referrals from satisfied patients over a period of time.
Titers of Antibodies to Rana in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Normal Sera
Authors: Venables Patrick J. W. , Roffe Lindsay M. , Erhardt Christopher C. , Maini Ravinder N. , Edwards Joan M. B. , Porter Anne D. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe disease specificity of antibodies to rheumatoid arthritis nuclear antigen (RANA) was examined by comparing anti‐RANA titers in sera from 100 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with sera from 93 healthy controls. Anti‐RANA antibodies were found in 86% of the RA sera and 56% of the controls. The higher titers in the RA sera were unrelated to clinical features or to measurements of circulating immune complexes or rheumatoid factors. To study the relationship of these antibodies to previous Epstein—Barr virus (EBV) infection, antibodies to the EB virus capsid antigen (VCA) were examined and found in 94% of the RA sera and 97% of the adult controls. Four of the six RA sera without anti‐VCA antibodies had detectable anti‐RANA antibodies, so that we might suggest anti‐RANA can arise in the absence of EBV infection. From absorption experiments with non‐EBV transformed extracts, we inferred that high anti‐RANA titers could be due to reactions with non‐Epstein—Barr virus related nuclear antigens. These data cast doubt on current speculation about a possible pathogenic role for Epstein—Barr virus in this disease.
Antibodies to Epstein—Barr Viral Antigens in Early Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Silverman Stuart L. , Schumacher H. Ralph 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAntibodies to Epstein—Barr viral (EBV) antigens were studied in 12 patients with early (less than 6 weeks) rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and compared to controls. Geometric mean antibody titers to viral capsid antigen, early antigens, and Epstein—Barr‐associated nuclear antigen (EBNA) were not elevated. Rather, they were comparable to titers in healthy volunteers and in patients with recent onset arthritis (less than 6 weeks) that did not develop into RA. In one patient with early RA, no serologic evidence of prior EBV infection or antibody to rheumatoid arthritis—associated nuclear antigen (RANA) was detected. Anti‐RANA was not seen in all patients with anti‐EBNA. These data do not support a primary role for EBV in the etiology of RA.
Clinical Trial of Penicillamine in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Rothermich Norman O. , Thomas Marvin H. , Phillips Vol K. , Bergen Waldemar 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe medical records of our first 200 consecutive rheumatoid arthritis patients treated with penicillamine were analyzed retrospectively. All but 5 patients (97.5%) had undergone earlier chrysotherapy that resulted in either therapeutic failure or toxicity. Only 57 patients (28.5%) were still receiving penicillamine on January 1, 1981, and the duration of therapy ranged from 23 to 62 months. The dropout rate due to toxicity, therapeutic failure, relapse, or other reasons was very high (71.5%). Toxic effects required permanent discontinuance in 56 patients (28%). Therapy was discontinued for 36 patients (18%) because of no benefit. A striking number (20) had relapse after therapeutic success and while continuing to take penicillamine, and the therapy had to be discontinued, a relapse rate of 10%. Therapy for the remaining 15.5% was discontinued for miscellaneous reasons that were not related to penicillamine per se: patient anxiety (6%), lost to followup (5%), hospitalization for reasons unrelated to penicillamine therapy (2%), lack of cooperation and study protocol (1% each), or pregnancy (0.5%). By our criteria, 142 patients (71%) received benefit (remission or improvement). Therapy results for these patients were as follows: still on penicillamine on January 1, 1981 (28.5%); no longer receiving the drug due to toxicity (19.5%); no longer receiving penicillamine due to relapse while on continuing therapy (10%); no longer receiving penicillamine due to miscellaneous reasons not related to penicillamine therapy (13%). This study shows that penicillamine is a valuable drug in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, but its value in clinical practice is limited by a rather high incidence of both toxicity and relapse during treatment.
Decreased Platelet Serotonin Levels in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Meyerhoff John , Dorsch Carole A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPlatelet serotonin levels were measured in 41 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and 36 normal controls. SLE patients had significantly lower mean serotonin levels (243 ± 131 versus 414 ± 175 ng/ 109 platelets, P < 0.001); the lowest levels occurred in those patients with active disease. No differences in mean platelet serotonin levels were found when we compared patients with or without a history of renal disease, thrombocytopenia, or neuropsychiatric involvement. Decreased platelet serotonin did not correlate with increased release of platelet granule constituents, as measured by plasma levels of the α‐granule protein, β‐thromboglobulin.
Serum IgG and IgM Rheumatoid Factors by Solid Phase Radioimmunoassay
Authors: Wernick Richard , Lospalluto Joseph J. , Fink Chester W. , Ziff Morris 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn this report, solid phase radioimmunoassays that specifically measure IgG rheumatoid factor (RF) and IgM RF in absolute concentrations are described. Polyclonal RF preparations were utilized as standards, and as little as 40 ng/ml of IgG RF and 1 ng/ml of IgM RF were detected. The IgG RF concentration of 26 seropositive rheumatoid sera was 439 ± 755 μg/ml (mean ± 1 SD), a level 107 times that of normal controls (P < 0.001). In contrast, levels for 49 children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) were 6.1 ± 3.7 μg/ ml for those with a polyarticular onset (JRA‐Po), 27.3 ± 113 μg/ml for the pauciarticular group (JRA‐Pa), and 12.6 ± 20.7 μg/ml for the group with a systemic onset (JRA‐S). None of these values differed significantly from the value of 6.0 ± 3.9 μg/ml measured in a juvenile control group. The IgM RF level in adult rheumatoid arthritis (RA) of 175 ± 221 μg/ml was also significantly elevated compared to controls (P < 0.001). In JRA, however, mean levels of 1.4 ± 2.0 μg/ml (JRA‐Po), 2.8 ± 8.3 μg/ml (JRA‐Pa), and 1.1 ± 0.7 μg/ml (JRA‐S) were not elevated significantly above the value of 1.2 μ 1.2 μg/ml measured in the juvenile control group. Hidden IgM RF was not found in 9 JRA sera tested. These marked differences in RF levels provide another indication that adult RA and JRA are distinct diseases.
Occurrence of Erythema Chronicum Migrans and Lyme Disease Among Children in Two Noncontiguous Connecticut Counties
Authors: Kaslow Richard A. , Samples Cathryn L. , Simon David G. , Lewis John N. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn May—November 1977 erythema chronicum migrans or Lyme arthritis occurred in at least 12 children in New London County, Connecticut, east of the original 3‐town epidemic focus. The attack rate (0.15 cases per 1,000 persons under 18) was considerably lower than within the focus itself but similar to the rate in towns west of the focus. No cases were identified in Litchfield County in northwest Connecticut. Observed rates of Lyme disease varied markedly within Connecticut in 1977.
Release of Pyrophosphate by Normal Mammalian Articular Hyaline and Fibrocartilage in Organ Culture
Authors: Ryan Lawrence M. , Cheung Herman S. , Mccarty Daniel J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractCalcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals are found most frequently in fibrocartilaginous tissue and to a lesser extent in hyaline articular cartilage. Previous investigators found that pyrophosphate (PPi) was released into the medium by immature rabbit hyaline cartilage and osteoarthritic human cartilage in organ culture but not by normal human or mature rabbit cartilage. By employing a sensitive fluorometric assay for PPi and correcting for hydrolysis of PPi during the incubations, we detected PPi release by all normal mammalian cartilage studied. PPi release per mg wet weight of lapine and canine cartilage was paralleled by uronic acid production. Meniscal fibrocartilage, the most common site of calcium pyrophosphate deposits, also elaborated PPi.
Amyloid Deposition in The Articular Structures of Akr Senescent Mice
Authors: Shimizu Katsuji , Kasai Ryuichi , Yamamuro Takao , Hosokawa Masanori , Takeshita Shuji , Takeda Toshio 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAmyloid deposition in the articular structures occurred with high frequency in a strain of mice now being established as an animal model of senescence in this laboratory. The changes were most evident in the knee joint. Peripheral joints were always spared. The lesions appeared after 7 months of age, and the incidence reached 88% (7 of 8) in autopsied mice over 8 months of age. This is the first report of amyloid deposition in the joints of laboratory animals.
Association between endogenously activated t cells and immunoglobulin‐secreting b cells in patients with active systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Cohen Philip L. , Litvin David A. , Winfield John B. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSystemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is characterized by increased numbers of circulating B cells activated polyclonally to secrete immunoglobulin. Because T cells secrete, or shed, various factors that are functionally important in regulating immunoglobulin production by B cells, a reverse hemolytic plaque assay was developed to quantitate such activated T cells. In this technique, we used a rabbit antiserum raised to supernatants of concanavalin‐A–stimulated human lymphocytes. The relevant antigenic specificity of this antiserum is directed toward the shed surface membrane determinant(s) preferentially expressed on activated T cells. Freshly isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 14 SLE patients contained more than 10 times the number of endogenously activated T cells than cells from normal subjects. Within the SLE group, plaqueforming T cells were particularly increased in patients with active disease. By linear regression analysis, a significant positive correlation was revealed between such activated T cells and immunoglobulin‐secreting B cells, also measured by a reverse plaque assay (r = 0.83). It appears that both activated B cells and T cells circulate in increased numbers in SLE. Additional investigation will be required to define the molecular nature of the T cell product(s) being measured and to clarify the relationship of these findings to the immunoregulatory abnormalities in this disorder.
Stimulation of the respiratory burst in human neutrophils by crystal phagocytosis
Authors: Simchowitz Louis , Atkinson John P. , Spilberg Isaias 
Published: February 2007

AbstractExposure to monosodium urate crystals (MSU) stimulated the respiratory burst of human neutrophils as measured by increased O2 consumption and the generation of superoxide radicals (O2\documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \[\bar .\] $\end{document}). From the comparison of data derived from nitroblue tetrazolium and cytochrome C reduction (two methods of detecting O2\documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \[\bar .\] $\end{document} release), it appears that O2\documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \[\bar .\] $\end{document} production in response to MSU may be compartmentalized, i.e., occur predominantly in the intracellular space. After exposure to MSU, neutrophils from patients with chronic granulomatous disease lost viability at the normal rate; thus products of the respiratory burst are not likely to be responsible for cell death.
The association of amyloid deposits and osteoarthritis
Authors: Egan Michael S. , Goldenberg Don L. , Cohen Alan S. , Segal David 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTen of eighteen consecutive patients who underwent total knee or hip arthroplasty for osteoarthritis had amyloid present in the surgically removed articular tissues. It was found in 6 of 13 cartilage specimens, 4 of 18 articular capsules, and 2 of 16 synovial membranes. In 3 of the cartilage specimens, the amyloid was adjacent to focal deposits of calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals. Therefore, deposits of amyloid are not uncommon in osteoarthritis and may be more than incidental findings.