bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
INTERRELATION BETWEEN ADRENAL FUNCTION AND FORMATION OF TESTOSTERONE IN VIVO IN THE TESTIS OF THE DOG
Authors: Wassermann G. F. , Eik-Nes K. B. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
When testes of normal, anaesthetized dogs were infused with the animal's own adrenal venous blood (oxygenated) via the spermatic artery, the secretion of testosterone was higher than by testes infused with the animal's own peripheral, arterial blood. This augmentation in testosterone secretion is probably due to increased biosynthesis of testosterone since the tissue concentration of the hormone at the end of infusion was highest in testes infused with adrenal venous blood.
The canine adrenal gland secretes large amounts of progesterone and androst-4-enedione. A minute secretion of free dehydroepiandrosterone can be measured in adrenal venous blood, but no evidence was obtained that the dog adrenal secretes testosterone. The adrenal venous blood of the dog appears to contain a precursor for dehydroepiandrosterone, since testes infused with adrenal venous blood secreted more dehydroepiandrosterone than testes infused with femoral arterial blood. The gonad of the male dog does not secrete progesterone, but secretes free dehydroepiandrosterone, androst-4-enedione and testosterone, the latter compound being the major hormonal product of this tissue.
The data have been discussed with regard to a possible adrenal-testicular interaction in the male dog.
FORMATION OF 17α-HYDROXY-PREGNENOLONE, 17α-HYDROXY-PROGESTERONE AND PROGESTERONE BY HYDATIDIFORM MOLES IN VITRO
Authors: van Leusden Hubertus A. , Siemerink Maria 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Vesicles of hydatidiform moles were incubated in the presence of [7α-3H]pregnenolone, After the incubation and extraction of tissues and media, 17α-hydroxy-pregnenolone*, 17α-hydroxy-progesterone and progesterone were identified using a number of TLC systems, followed by crystallization to a constant specific activity. [7α-3H] pregnenolone was not converted to oestrone, 17β-oestradiol and oestriol. The experimental findings indicate that hydatidiform moles, like full term placentas, are deficient in the enzymes necessary to convert C21 to C19 steroids. The production of 17α-hydroxy-progesterone and progesterone in the molar trophoblast in situ may contribute to the considerable urinary excretion of pregnanetriol and pregnanediol in patients with hydatidiform moles.
TWO TYPES OF SERTOLI CELLS IN MAN
Authors: Johnsen Svend G. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
By means of iron haematoxylin staining carefully differentiated by either picric acid or iron alum, Sertoli cells may be differentiated into two types, one (type A) containing unstained nuclei and the other (type B) intensely stained nuclei. No intermediate forms appear to be present. The two types are most easily found in the Sertoli-cell-only syndrome but they are present in the testes with spermatogenesis although type B is rare. The immature (pro-) Sertoli cells in infantile testes also display the two types. The two types of Sertoli cells differ in their degree of binding between nucleic acids and nucleic protein. The significance of the existence of these two types is discussed.
EFFECT OF EXOGENOUS THYROXINE ON 3H-THYMIDINE UPTAKE IN MOUSE PITUITARY GLAND
Authors: Messier B. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Destruction of the thyroid gland in the mouse induces proliferation of pituitary thyrotropes. This phenomenon was studied quantitatively with 3H-thymidine, before and after oral administration of thyroxine.
The frequency of radioactive cells in the intact animal is 3.4 per 10 000 pituitary cells. This value rises to 19.6, 18.4 and 56.0 four, eight, and twelve months after thyroidectomy, respectively. All these increased values are brought back to normal levels after 5 to 10 days of thyroxine treatment.
Thus, the intense proliferation of pituitary thyrotropes following thyroidectomy is still responsive to the homeostatic action of thyroxine.
EFFECT OF DEXAMETHASONE ON CALCIUM METABOLISM AND 47Ca KINETICS IN NORMAL SUBJECTS
Authors: Wajchenberg Bernardo Léo , Pereira Virgilio Gonçalves , Kieffer Julio , Ursic Silvio 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The effects of pharmacological doses of dexamethasone on calcium metabolism were evaluated in 4 normal subjects, by stable calcium and phosphorus balances and 47Ca kinetic studies. The radioactivity data were satisfactorily fitted to a model with 2 exchanging compartments.
There was a significant increase in urinary calcium excretion rate with higher specific activities. The total faecal calcium did not alter despite changes in its components, i. e. a fall in endogenous faecal calcium and an increase in unabsorbed dietary calcium. The data suggest that dexamethasone inhibits the rate of calcium transfer across the intestinal wall. more intensely from the mucosal cell to the lumen (secretion).
From the constants of compartmental analysis, the only significant and consistent change was the increase in bone resorption rate. Bone deposition rate increased in 2 and decreased in the remaining 2 subjects.
The results of our studies indicate that dexamethasone has a direct effect on the way calcium is dealt with by the kidney and the gut and that the drug has a direct effect on the skeleton.
For comparison a patient with Cushing's syndrome was studied during the active phase and also after clinical and laboratorial remission of the disease.
THE EFFECT OF ASCORBIC ACID ON ADRENAL ACTIVITY DURING VITAMIN A AND RIBOFLAVIN DEFICIENCIES IN CHICKS (ADRENAL ACTIVITY IN VITAMIN DEFICIENCY)
Authors: Perek M. , Kendler J. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The adrenal weight and corticosteroid concentration were found to increase in vitamin A- and riboflavin-deficient chicks. Supplementation of ascorbic acid to the diet reduced the adrenal weight in both types of birds, decreased the steroid concentration in riboflavin-deficient chicks but increased the concentration in avitaminotic A chicks. Marked involution of the bursa Fabricii was observed in the chicks during the period in which they suffered from vitamin A and riboflavin deficiencies.
EFFECT OF EPINEPHRINE ON GLUCOSE METABOLISM IN NOVIKOFF ASCITES HEPATOMA CELLS
Authors: Nigam V. N. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
No major effects of epinephrine on glycogen synthesis and glycolysis by intact Novikoff ascites-hepatoma were noted. However, at 2 × 10−5 m epinephrine concentration glycogen synthesis from glucose was slightly enhanced and lactic acid production was slightly decreased. These effects were attributed to a stimulation of UDPglucose-α-glucan glucosyltransferase and an inhibition of phosphofructokinase. Breakdown of glycogen deposited by the tumour cells was also inhibited to a small extent by epinephrine.
The pattern of epinephrine action on glucose metabolism of tumour cells suggests that loss as well as modification of the receptor (of epinephrine) occurs during neoplastic transformation of liver.
SIMPLIFIED DEXAMETHASONE SUPPRESSION TEST
Authors: Asfeldt V. H. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
This is an investigation of the practical clinical value of the one mg dexamethasone suppression test of Nugent et al. (1963). The results, evaluated from the decrease in fluorimetrically determined plasma corticosteroids in normal subjects, as well as in cases of exogenous obesity, hirsutism and in Cushing's syndrome, confirm the findings reported in previous studies. Plasma corticosteroid reduction after one mg of dexamethasone in cases of stable diabetes was not significantly different from that observed in control subjects, but in one third of the insulin-treated diabetics only a partial response was observed, indicating a slight hypercorticism in these patients. An insufficient decrease in plasma corticosteroids was observed in certain other conditions (anorexia nervosa, pituitary adenoma, patients receiving contraceptive or anticonvulsive treatment) with no hypercorticism. The physiological significance of these findings is discussed. It is concluded that the test, together with a determination of the basal urinary 17-ketogenic steroid excretion, is suitable as the first diagnostic test in patients in whom Cushing's syndrome is suspected. In cases of insufficient suppression of plasma corticosteroids, further studies, including the suppression test of Liddle (1960), must be carried out.
STUDIES ON SEX HORMONE EXCRETION IN NORMAL AND HIRSUTE WOMEN
Authors: Ismail A. A. A. , Davidson D. W. , Kirkham K. E. , Loraine J. A. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Serial assays of testosterone, epitestosterone, oestrogens and pregnanediol in urine have been conducted in 11 hirsute patients and the results compared with those in 14 normally menstruating women. Overall mean levels for testosterone and epitestosterone were significantly higher in the hirsute group suggesting that excessive androgen production is of importance in the pathogenesis of this condition; significant differences in mean oestrogen and pregnanediol output between the two groups were not noted. In the hirsute subjects significant differences in urinary steroid excretion were not found between patients suffering from simple hirsutism and those in whom the excessive hair growth was associated with other pathological conditions. In both normal and hirsute groups steroid levels differed significantly between subjects and in individual women at different times. The incidence of anovulatory cycles was considerably higher in the hirsute than in the normal group.
PERSISTENT LEVELS OF PHOSPHORYLASE IN THE RAT OVARY AFTER OESTRADIOL AND GONADOTROPHIN TREATMENT
Authors: Bruzzone Silvio 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The active phosphorylase level of adult rat ovarian tissue was not altered after oestradiol administration in doses of 10 or 30 μg daily during 10 days. In spite of the fact that ovarian atrophy was induced by 10 μg daily of oestradiol during 30 days, the enzyme level remained constant. A 3 day course of PMS to these 30 day oestradiol-treated rats did not alter the active phosphorylase level. Intrasplenic ovarian grafts exhibited the same phosphorylase levels as the in situ ovaries, and no change was observed after oestradiol treatment. These results indicate that in the rat ovary, the phosphorylase levels are not regulated by gonadotrophin activity and that in vivo oestradiol does not interact with the active enzyme form.
DER GEHALT AN CHORIALEM GONADOTROPIN IM FRUCHTWASSER WÄHREND NORMALER UND PATHOLOGISCHER SCHWANGERSCHAFT
Authors: Berle P. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
HCG is measured in the amniotic fluid, in the plasma of the umbilical vein and of the umbilical artery. The values are as 3:1.5:1. From the 9th week of gestation onwards appears a striking rise in the HCG concentration in the amniotic fluid reaching peak values around the 13th week. This peak is followed by a substantial decrease reaching relative constant and low values, which are sustained until the 40th week. The HCG reaches the amniotic fluid by transamnial or transchorial way. Only small amounts come from the foetus. The increased HCG concentration in the amniotic fluid and in the blood of the umbilical vein in severe erythroblastosis and in diabetes mellitus could be caused by an increased production of HCG in the placenta and/or by a decreased inactivation of HCG by means of the foetus.
HALF-LIFE OF OXYTOCIN IN BLOOD OF PREGNANT AND NON-PREGNANT WOMEN
Authors: Rydén Gunnar , Sjöholm Ingvar 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Using tritium-labelled oxytocin with a high specific activity, the halflife in the blood and the urinary excretion of intravenously injected oxytocin were followed in the female. The following groups of patients were studied: normally menstruating women during different phases of the menstrual cycle, women using a combination of gestagenic and oestrogenic hormones for oral contraception, and pregnant women in the first and second trimester. The pregnant women were admitted to the hospital for legal abortion in the 10th–20th week of gestation.
In the proliferative phase, t½ was 272 seconds (n = 14), in the secretory phase 221 seconds (n = 5), and in women using oral contraceptives 199 seconds (n = 10). In pregnant women during the first trimester, t½ was 178 seconds (n = 6). The corresponding value in women examined during the 14th–17th weeks and during the 18th–20th weeks of gestation was 295 seconds (n = 6) and 282 seconds (n = 6), respectively. T½ was also determined within 24 h of abortion in patients in the second trimester, where the abortion was induced by intra-amniotic instillation of 50% glucose. In all cases a decrease in t½ was found. The decrease was most marked in women during the 18th–20th weeks of gestation. Altogether 25–50% of the radioactivity injected was recovered in the urine from pregnant women within 3 h of the injection. Thin-layer chromatography of the urine did not reveal the presence of any intact oxytocin.
The results demonstrate that the disappearance of oxytocin from the blood seems to be influenced by the sex hormones. Thus, an oestrogendominated stage shows a lower disappearance rate, whereas gestagens produce the reverse effect. The pronounced decrease in t½ in pregnant women immediately after abortion might be due to a change to a more progesterone-dominated stage induced by the death of the foetus, or by an alteration in the affinity of oxytocin to the myometrium.
BINDING OF ZINC TO INSULIN AND SOME INSULIN DERIVATIVES STUDIED BY PAPER ELECTROPHORESIS
Authors: Brunfeldt K. , Hansen B. A. , Nielsen J. Hoiriis 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Paper electrophoretic fractionation in barbiturate (barbital) buffer, pH 9, of iodine-substituted insulin 0–10.8 I/mole showed that substitution with 4–6 I/mole influences the binding of zinc to a demonstrable extent. The effect appears to be due to substitution in the imidazole groups of the histidine residues. Substitution with iodine in the tyrosine residues seems to be without significance, at least at the lower degrees of iodination. The importance of the histidine residues for the binding of zinc is shown by selective destruction of the imidazole groups by photo-oxidation, sensitized by methylene blue. Carbamylation of the N-terminal α-amino groups in the A- and B-chains with KOCN only slightly influences the ability to bind zinc while carbamylation with fluorescein isothiocyanate in the N-terminal of the B-chain brings about a more pronounced reduction in the zinc binding capacity.
CONVERSION OF PREGNENOLONE TO PROGESTERONE BY RABBIT PLACENTA IN VITRO
Authors: Matsumoto K. , Yamane G. , Endo H. , Kotoh K. , Okano K. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A placental preparation from rabbits in mid-pregnancy was shown to convert 7α-3H-pregnenolone to radioactive progesterone in vitro. The extent of conversion per gram tissue by the placenta was about one hundredth of that by the ovary from the pregnant rabbit. Identification of radioactive progesterone was accomplished by reverse isotope dilution and recrystallization to constant specific activity. However, no Δ5-3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase was found histochemically in the trophoblast and other tissues of the rabbit placenta. No ability to convert 7α-3H-pregnenolone to radioactive 20α-hydroxypregn-4-en-3-one, 20β-hydroxypregn-4-en-3-one, corticosterone, cortisol, androst-4-ene-3,17-dione, dehydroepiandrosterone, 17β-oestradiol and oestrone in placental preparation from rabbits could be demonstrated.
The data demonstrate the presence of a 3β-ol-dehydrogenase enzyme system in the rabbit placenta.
PROGESTERONE LEVELS IN PERIPHERAL PLASMA DURING THE LUTEAL PHASE OF THE NORMAL HUMAN MENSTRUAL CYCLE MEASURED BY A RAPID COMPETITIVE PROTEIN BINDING TECHNIQUE
Authors: Johansson Elof D. B. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The competitive protein binding technique for the measurement of progesterone has been further simplified for clinical use. Only 0.25 ml of plasma is needed for the determination during the luteal phase. One technician can assay 20 samples in one day with good precision and accuracy. The progesterone concentration in 20 normal human menstrual cycles was studied. During the follicular phase a mean concentration of 0.32 ± 0.25 (s) ng/ml plasma was found. At the mid-cycle peak of the total oestrogens the progesterone concentration started to rise and reached a plateau between 10–20 ng/ml 4 to 6 days later. From the plateau level, the concentration fell rapidly to less than 1 ng/ml at the onset of menstrual bleeding. The mean luteal phase lasted for 14.15 ± 1.05 (s) days.
METABOLISM OF PROGESTERONE BY THE RAT OVARY: FORMATION OF 3β-HYDROXY-5α-PREGNAN-20-ONE BY OVARIAN MICROSOMES
Authors: Zmigrod A. , Lindner H. R. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A microsomal fraction from rat ovaries incubated with [4-14C] progesterone in the presence of NADPH produced radioactive 3β-hydroxy-5α-pregnan-20-one as the major metabolite. Identification of this compound, not hitherto isolated from mammalian ovaries, was based on (i) paper and gas-chromatographic behaviour of the free compound and its acetate, (ii) gas-chromatographic characterization of the thioketal derivative and the oxidation product, and (iii) recrystallization with authentic carrier to constant specific activity. Ovaries from both pregnant and prooestrous rats showed this enzymic activity. The possible biological function of ovarian steroid reductases is discussed.
STUDIES WITH 4-14-C-MESTRANOL IN LACTATING WOMEN
Authors: Wijmenga H. G. , van der Molen H. J. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
14C-Mestranol (5 μc) was administered orally in a Lyndiol®**-tablet (= 5 mg lynestrenol*** + 150 μg mestranol) to four women using Lyndiol® during the lactation period shortly after delivery.
The concentration of radioactivity in the plasma and the excretion of radioactivity in the urine and milk were studied.
The clearance rate of radioactivity from the blood was very low. A halflife in the order of 40–60 h was found for labelled »mestranol and its metabolites«. In three cases 31–36% of the radioactivity was excreted into the urine within 5 days after oral administration of the labelled material; in the fourth patient this value was about 52 %.
During a collection period of 4 days after the oral administration of the 14C-mestranol-containing tablet, 0.0002–0.013 per cent of the administered dose was excreted into the milk. These very low values were partly due to the low amounts of milk that could be collected. It was calculated that with the regular oral administration of one Lyndiol®-tablet daily, with 150 μg mestranol per tablet, about 0.03–0.06 μg (0.02–0.04 % of the administered dose) of mestranol or its metabolites might be excreted per 100 ml milk. The significance of these amounts, in view of the transfer to infants during breast-feeding, is discussed.
EFFECTS OF STARVATION ON LEVELS OF CORTICOTROPHIN RELEASING FACTOR, CORTICOTROPHIN AND PLASMA CORTICOSTERONE IN RATS
Authors: Chowers I. , Einat R. , Feldman S. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Rats were starved for seven days and the effects on corticotrophin releasing factor (CRF) content in the stalk median eminence (SME), corticotrophin content in the anterior pituitary gland (AP), basal plasma corticosterone response to ethyl ether stress were determined. The weight changes in the adrenal and anterior pituitary glands were also studied. When compared to the control group, starvation resulted in a significant increase in stored GRF in the SME. There was a decrease in the corticotrophin content in the AP during starvation but the differences between the starved and the control group were not statistically significant. Pre- and post-stress plasma levels of corticosterone were significantly increased in the starved animals. The weights of the adrenals and of the anterior pituitary glands were significantly increased in the starved animals, when calculated per 100 g body weight. The absolute weight of the adrenals was not significantly increased in the starved animals. There was a significant decrease in the absolute weight of the AP.
STUDIES ON THE ANTITHYROID ACTIVITY OF NATURALLY OCCURRING L-5-VINYL-2-THIOOXAZOLIDONE AND ITS URINARY METABOLITE IN RATS
Authors: Langer P. , Michajlovskij N. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Rats were force fed a single dose of 20, 40, 80, 160, 320, 640, 1280 and 2560 μg L-5-vinyl-2-thiooxazolidone (VTO) and injected with 131I one hour later. The 131I uptake, biosynthesis of thyroid hormones and PB131I were measured 4 h after the administration of 131I. Under these conditions, a higher antithyroidal effect with VTO was found in rats fed a normal diet (ND) for 10 days before the experiment as compared with rats fed a low iodinediet (LID) for the same period. The results are described in detail.
Similar doses of VTO were force fed to groups of rats fed LID daily for 20 days. The animals received 1 μCi 125I per 15 ml of drinking water for 30 days before sacrifice. One hour after the last dose of VTO they were injected with μCi 131I and killed 4 h later. In addition to the parameters presented above the thyroid weight, total 125I in the thyroid and PB125I were measured. The inhibition of thyroid activity was in direct relation to the dose of VTO administered.
Finally, ethereal extracts of urine of rats kept in metabolic cages and force fed a single dose of 10 mg VTO were prepared and the dried extract was dissolved in methanol and applied to the chromatographic paper. In two chromatographic systems (1. water saturated chloroform, 2. n-butanol:acetic acid:water) two compounds were detected, one of which (Compound A) was chromatographically identical with VTO and the other (Compound B) was unknown. The Compound B was extracted from chromatograms, its UV-absorption spectrum was measured and its antithyroid activity was tested in rats. The 131I uptake was significantly inhibited following a single administration of 640 μg Compound B.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE SULFATION FACTOR AND IMMUNODETECTABLE GROWTH HORMONE IN SERUM.
Authors: Yde Hans 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Using a modified sulfation factor (SF) method involving the use of nonhypophysectomized animals as cartilage donors, a fall in serum SF was found after hypophysectomy in diabetic patients. At the same time immuno-reactive growth hormone (IRGH) disappeared from the serum of these patients.
In the fasting serum of 52 newly diagnosed untreated diabetics, 22 patients with severe diabetic angiopathy and 10 non-diabetics, no correlation was observed between the serum SF and IRGH. This discrepancy may be due to the non-specificity of SF or to a time lag between the secretion of growth hormone and the production of the growth hormone dependent sulfation factor.
PERSISTING HIGH LEVEL OF TRANSMITTER IN UTERINE SHORT ADRENERGIC NEURONS FOLLOWING PROLONGED TREATMENT WITH 17β-OESTRADIOL
Authors: Falck B. , Owman Ch. , Rosengren E. , Sjöberg N.-O. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The myometrium of the rabbit uterus receives its adrenergic nerve supply by way of short adrenergic neurons originating in peripheral ganglia located at the uterovaginal junction. Treatment with 17β-oestradiol daily for 4 weeks produced a doubling of the total noradrenaline content of the uterus, as measured fluorimetrically. This high transmitter level persisted even if the oestrogen administration was interrupted after half the experimental period. No changes occurred in the noradrenaline content of the control organs (heart and ovary) which are innervated by ordinary long adrenergic neurons from the sympathetic chain. The significance of the present results for the marked changes in uterine noradrenaline previously found during pregnancy is discussed.