bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of tamoxifen on arterial microvascular anastomosis
Authors: De Pinho Pessoa Breno Bezerra Gomes , Cavalcante Bruno Bezerra Menezes , Maia Munique Pinheiro , Filho Haroldo H. Ribeiro , Koike Marcia Kiyomi , Pinho Pessoa Salustiano Gomes De , Pinheiro Luiz Gonzaga Porto , De Souza Montero Edna Frasson 
Published: May 2007

AbstractBreast reconstruction after cancer treatment is based on the circulation of pedicle and microvascular flaps. This article aimed to verify the effect of tamoxifen (TMX) pretreatment in arterial anastomosis in rats. Twenty female Wistar rats were equally divided into two groups. TMX (0.3 mg/kg) was administered to the experimental group for 2 weeks orally. After this period, the right femoral artery was sectioned and a terminoterminal anastomosis performed. The same procedure was done in the control group, except that the animals received the vehicle without TMX. One week later, the femoral arteries were inspected for flow through the anastomosis, and the vessel near it was sent to light microscopic examination. It was observed mild vasculite in both groups. The intimal thickness and total vessel wall in the TMX‐treated group was significantly higher. A real thrombotic effect upon the arterial vascular anastomosis was not observed, eventhough, TMX induced intimal hyperplasia. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery 2007.
Modified relaxation method for mathematical programs with complementarity constraints
Authors: Lin Gui‐Hua 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIn this paper, we suggest a new relaxation method for solving mathematical programs with complementarity constraints. This method can be regarded as a modification of a method proposed in a recent paper (J. Opt. Theory Appl. 2003; 118:81–116). We show that the main results remain true for the modified method and particularly, some conditions assumed in the previous paper can be removed. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ultrastructure of canine oocytes during in vivo maturation
Authors: de Lesegno Christine Viaris , Reynaud Karine , Pechoux Christine , Thoumire Sandra , Chastant‐Maillard Sylvie 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to describe the canine oocyte ultrastructural modifications during in vivo maturation, with precise reference to the timing of the LH surge and of ovulation. Twenty‐five bitches were ovariectomized at specific stages between the onset of proestrus and the fifth day post‐ovulation: 65 oocytes were observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), either before the LH surge (n = 10), between the LH surge and ovulation (n = 12) or after ovulation (n = 43). Prior to the LH surge, the oocyte nucleus had already begun its displacement to the vicinity of the oolemma and reticulated nucleoli were infrequent. The cytoplasm showed signs of immaturity (few organelles preferentially located in the cortical zone, “mitochondrial cloud”, scarce cortical granules). The LH surge was immediately followed by cumulus expansion but the ovulation occurred 2 days later. Retraction of the transzonal projections and the meiotic resumption occurred after another 3 days (5 days after the LH peak). The ovulation was then followed by gradual cytoplasmic modifications. Nucleoli re‐assumed a reticulated aspect around 24 hr post‐ovulation. From 48 hr post‐ovulation mitochondria and SER were very numerous and evenly distributed. In conclusion canine oocyte maturation began prior to the LH surge and no cytoplasmic or nuclear modifications followed immediately the LH surge and ovulation. This study suggests that two distinct signals are needed for the final in vivo maturation: one prior to the LH surge (to induce maturation) and another one, around 3 days post‐ovulation (to induce meiotic resumption). Mol. Reprod. Dev. 75: 115–125, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Locating a cycle in a transportation or a telecommunications network
Authors: Laporte Gilbert , Martín Inmaculada Rodríguez 
Published: May 2007

AbstractSeveral problems arising in transportation and telecommunications can be cast in terms of optimally locating a cycle in a graph. This paper proposes a classification of cycle location problems under two main headings. In Hamiltonian problems, all vertices of the graph must belong to the cycle. The most important cases are the traveling salesman problem (TSP), the TSP with precedence constraints, the clustered TSP, the TSP with backhauls, the TSP with time windows, several classes of pickup and delivery problems, and stochastic TSPs. In non‐Hamiltonian problems, only a subset of vertices must be visited. These problems include the generalized TSP, the covering tour problem, the median cycle and ring star problems, and several cycle location problems with revenues. These problems are modeled within a unified framework and algorithmic strategies are provided, together with computational results. Several applications are also described. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. NETWORKS, Vol. 50(1), 92–108 2007
Eulerian formulation using stabilized finite element method for large deformation solid dynamics
Authors: Okazawa S. , Kashiyama K. , Kaneko Y. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis paper describes an Eulerian formulation for large deformation solid dynamics. In the present Eulerian approach, an advective equation is solved using the Stream‐Upwind/Petrov–Galerkin finite element method. The Eulerian finite element method is applied to path‐dependent solid analyses such as impact bar and ductile necking problems. These computational results using the Eulerian finite element method are compared with the results obtained from using the Lagrangian finite element method and an Eulerian formulation based on a finite difference method. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Scaling, sensitivity and stability in the numerical solution of quadratic eigenvalue problems
Authors: Higham Nicholas J. , Mackey D. Steven , Tisseur Françoise , Garvey Seamus D. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe most common way of solving the quadratic eigenvalue problem (QEP) (λ2 M + λD + K)x = 0 is to convert it into a linear problem (λX + Y)z = 0 of twice the dimension and solve the linear problem by the QZ algorithm or a Krylov method. In doing so, it is important to understand the influence of the linearization process on the accuracy and stability of the computed solution. We discuss these issues for three particular linearizations: the standard companion linearization and two linearizations that preserve symmetry in the problem. For illustration we employ a model QEP describing the motion of a beam simply supported at both ends and damped at the midpoint. We show that the above linearizations lead to poor numerical results for the beam problem, but that a two‐parameter scaling proposed by Fan, Lin and Van Dooren cures the instabilities. We also show that half of the eigenvalues of the beam QEP are pure imaginary and are eigenvalues of the undamped problem. Our analysis makes use of recently developed theory explaining the sensitivity and stability of linearizations, the main conclusions of which are summarized. As well as arguing that scaling should routinely be used, we give guidance on how to choose a linearization and illustrate the practical value of condition numbers and backward errors. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reversed‐phase HPLC‐ESI/MS analysis of birch leaf proanthocyanidins after their acidic degradation in the presence of nucleophiles
Authors: Karonen Maarit , Leikas Anne , Loponen Jyrki , Sinkkonen Jari , Ossipov Vladimir , Pihlaja Kalevi 
Published: May 2007

AbstractMountain birch leaves contain large amounts of structurally variable polymeric proanthocyanidins. Their isolation procedure was enhanced by the addition of liquid–liquid extractions prior to column chromatography over Sephadex LH‐20. Isolated polymeric proanthocyanidins were depolymerised by acid‐catalysis in the presence of benzyl mercaptan or phloroglucinol in order to study their composition. The resulting degradation products, flavan‐3‐ols and flavan‐3‐ol adducts, were analysed with reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography using UV photodiode array detection for quantification and electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry for identification. The results showed that polymeric proanthocyanidins contained (epi)gallocatechins and (epi)catechins as the extension units and, mainly, (+)‐catechin as the terminal unit. The mean degree of polymerisation was found to be 26 based on thiolysis and 31 based on phloroglucinol degradation. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Missed opportunities for diagnosis of diabetes
Authors: Chudleigh R , Beaverstock J , Davis S , Hullin D , Evans Pms , Page Md 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe objective of this study was to estimate the number of missed opportunities to diagnose abnormal glucose tolerance over a one‐year period in a district general hospital.All patients with hyperglycaemia (≥ 7.0mmol/L) during one year were identified, and grouped by their glucose reading: 7.0–7.7mmol/L (group 1), 7.8–11.0mmol/L (group 2), and ≥ 11.1mmol/L (group 3). Patients with an HbA1c result from six months either side of this period were excluded. A retrospective audit of action taken, following identification of hyperglycaemia, was conducted. The following year a similar population was identified, and 75g oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs) were carried out on a sample of these individuals.Initially, 3424 hyperglycaemic results were identified. Eighty‐eight sets of case notes were audited. In group 1, 17/25 (68%) had a written record of hyperglycaemia; further action was taken in 0/25 (0%). In group 2, 15/26 (58%) had a written record of hyperglycaemia; further action was taken in 6/26 (23%). In group 3, 11/23 (48%) had a written record of hyperglycaemia; further action was taken in 11/23 (48%). Overall, 71/88 (81%) had no clarification of glycaemic status. Of those clarified 10/17 (59%) were abnormal. In the second cohort, 85 OGTTs were conducted; 14/31 (45%) of group 1, 12/27 (44%) of group 2 and 15/27 (56%) of group 3 had abnormal OGTT results.In our Trust, unexpected hyperglycaemia confers a 48% risk of abnormal glucose tolerance, and a 21% risk of established diabetes. Current procedures failed to identify most of these patients. Other hospitals should review their procedures and data. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons.
Qualitative study into quality of life issues surrounding insulin pump use in type 1 diabetes
Authors: Barnard Katharine , Skinner T Chas 
Published: May 2007

AbstractCurrently, there is a need for qualitative research about how insulin pump therapy changes quality of life, which is significant to people with type 1 diabetes. This study aimed to elicit the experiences of current insulin pump users in order to discover the therapy's benefits, downsides and effect on their quality of life. A qualitative approach was taken in order to reveal subjective experiences. This research will inform future research and assist with policy and guideline development by health care providers about pump therapy.Participants were briefly interviewed by telephone about their experiences of living with an insulin pump. Four questions were asked. These covered the benefits of pump use, effects on quality of life, whether participants experienced downsides to using a pump and any other issues participants wished to raise.In all, 80 insulin pump users participated in the study. All 80 reported experiencing benefits; insulin pump use had improved their quality of life. Key positive themes emerging from the data included greater control (45), flexibility (33), freedom (28), family effects (seven), convenience (seven) and independence (five). Key drawbacks emerging from the data included visibility— device (25), breakdown (17), visibility— skin (five) and cost (three).Participants overwhelmingly reported experiencing benefits and improvements in their quality of life associated with insulin pump use. These pump users remain on pump therapy by choice, so the benefits clearly outweigh the downsides. However, further work needs to determine if these downsides contribute to explaining why 2–4% of pump users discontinue pump use after a short period of time, or whether this is a result of other factors. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons.
Synthesis, characterization and actuation behavior of polyaniline‐coated electroactive paper actuators
Authors: Kim Jaehwan , Yun Sung‐Ryul , Deshpande SD 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis investigation deals with the synthesis, characterization and actuation behavior of conductive polyaniline‐coated electroactive paper actuators. The actuator is made by electrochemical deposition of conductive polyaniline on a cellulose paper. The aim of the investigation was to improve the bending displacement of electroactive paper actuators. The displacement outputs of the actuators show that a trilayer is better than a bilayer configuration. The nature of the dopant ion used in the electro‐generation affects the performance. A change in humidity plays a vital role in actuation performance of the actuators. Comparing the performance of electroactive paper actuators with and without a conductive polyaniline coating, the coating improves the displacement output threefold. Finally, the actuation principle mechanism is addressed. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Synergistic effect of SEBS‐g‐MA and epoxy on toughening of polyamide 6/glass fiber composites
Authors: Xie Xiao‐Lin , Yu Zhong‐Zhen , Zhang Qing‐Xin , Zheng Gen‐Wen , Mai Yiu‐Wing 
Published: May 2007

AbstractMaleated styrene‐ethylene‐butylene‐styrene block copolymer (SEBS‐g‐MA) and epoxy monomer, individually or in combination, are used to toughen polyamide 6/glass fiber composites. The epoxy monomer enhanced interaction between polyamide 6 and glass fiber. SEBS‐g‐MA rubber is uniformly dispersed in polyamide 6 matrix caused by the preferred compatibilizing reaction between the anhydride group of rubber and the amine terminal group of polyamide 6. The addition of epoxy does not affect the fine dispersion of SEBS‐g‐MA. Polyamide 6/glass fiber binary composites are brittle. The addition of epoxy monomer alone does not change their brittle features. Similarly, in the absence of epoxy monomer, adding 20 wt % of SEBS‐g‐MA to polyamide 6/glass fiber composites does not greatly increase the tensile ductility. Only when both SEBS‐g‐MA and epoxy monomer are present in some combination, do the polyamide 6/glass fiber composites show prominent ductile characteristics, such as stress‐whitening and necking. This synergistic effect of epoxy monomer and SEBS‐g‐MA also imparts higher notched impact strengths to the ternary composites. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 45: 1448–1458, 2007
Process safety culture in the CCPS risk based process safety model
Authors: Frank W.L. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE) Center for Chemical Process Safety (CCPS) has developed a guideline describing a new risk‐based approach that an organization can use in defining and implementing a process safety management system specific to its unique needs. Recognizing the importance of safety culture as a determinant of safety performance, CCPS has included process safety culture as one element in the new risk‐based process safety (RBPS) model. This paper will describe both the new process safety culture element and its integration in the overall RBPS model. © 2007 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog 26:203–208, 2007
Soft Control of Scanning Probe Microscope with High Flexibility
Authors: Liu Zhenghui , Guo Yuzheng , Zhang Zhaohui , Zhu Xing 
Published: May 2007

AbstractMost commercial scanning probe microscopes have multiple embedded digital microprocessors and utilize complex software for system control, which is not easily obtained or modified by researchers wishing to perform novel and special applications. In this paper, we present a simple and flexible control solution that just depends on software running on a single‐processor personal computer with real‐time Linux operating system to carry out all the control tasks including negative feedback, tip moving, data processing and user interface. In this way, we fully exploit the potential of a personal computer in calculating and programing, enabling us to manipulate the scanning probe as required without any special digital control circuits and related technical know‐how. This solution has been successfully applied to a homemade ultrahigh vacuum scanning tunneling microscope and a multiprobe scanning tunneling microscope. SCANNING 29: 000‐V000, 2007. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Fluorescence Quenching by Colloidal Heavy Metals Nanoparticles: Implications for Correlative Fluorescence and Electron Microscopy Studies
Authors: Kandela Irawati K. , Albrecht Ralph M. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractLabels for correlative immunolabeling in light (LM) and electron microscopy (EM) employing colloidal metal nanoparticles (gold or palladium) and fluorescent dyes (Alexa Fluor, AF) were investigated. The fluorescence signals from direct conjugates (cAu‐IgG‐AF) and from an indirect label system (cAu‐IgG‐anti IgG‐AF) were studied using scanning spectrofluorometry and fluorescence light microscopy.Direct conjugation of protein—AF, IgG‐AF or FGN‐AF to 18 and 5 nm colloidal gold (cAu18 and cAu5) or 12 nm colloidal palladium particles (cPd12) resulted in nearly completely quenched fluorescence signals (>99 %) at excitation wavelengths of 488, 546 and 594 nm. In contrast, indirect conjugation, when colloidal metal particles and AF were conjugated to primary or secondary antibody, respectively (cAu‐IgG‐antiIgG‐AF), sufficient fluorescence signal was detected.Commercially available conjugates, consisting of IgG‐AF‐cAu5 and IgG‐AF‐cAu10, were also tested and proved to be a mixture of IgG‐AF (unbound to cAu) and cAu‐IgG‐AF. SCANNING 29: 000‐V000, 2007. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
P‐values after repeated significance testing: A simple approximation method
Authors: Lee Young J. , Quan Hui 
Published: April 2007

AbstractTheP‐value after a repeated significance test is a useful measure of the strength of evidence against the null hypothesis. Its computation, however, requires a computer‐intensive numerical integration method. TheP‐value is not conceptually straightforward, because it depends on how the sample space is ordered, which can be arbitrary. We look at two orderings of the sample space, one proposed by Tsiatiset al.and the other by Rosner and Tsiatis, and Chang. Although studies have shown that the latter ordering gives more reasonable confidence intervals than the former, the former gives a conservative and therefore more reasonableP‐value. Both, however, should yield an identicalP‐value in most applications. In this paper we present a simple method of approximatingP‐values. We provide tables to implement the method for two to ten stages with α = 0.1, 0.05 and 0.01 for the Pocock and O'Brien‐Fleming procedures. The proposed method can be applied to both orderings.
Exact conditional and unconditional sample size for pair‐matched studies with binary outcome: A practical guide
Authors: Royston Patrick 
Published: April 2007

AbstractTables of sample sizes for pair‐matched studies with binary outcome are presented. They are based on conditional and unconditional approaches using the ‘exact’ (binomial) test. An approximate procedure is suggested to estimate the sample size for parameter values that do not correspond exactly with table entries. The procedure utilizes a minor modification of the large‐sample formula given by Connett et al. A practical strategy for estimating the overall sample size in the presence of a nuisance parameter (the proportion of discordant pairs) is recommended. An example from a proposed clinical trial is given.
Evaluating the role of CD4‐lymphocyte counts as surrogate endpoints in human immunodeficiency virus clinical trials
Authors: Lin D. Y. , Fischl M. A. , Schoenfeld D. A. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractIn human immunodeficiency virus clinical trials, the CD4‐lymphocyte count has been regarded as a promising surrogate endpoint for clinical efficacy measures such as time to opportunistic infection and survival time. In the present paper, we test this hypothesis according to a criterion proposed by Prentice. This criterion requires the surrogate variable to capture the entire effect of treatment on the clinical endpoint, and it is satisfied if the hazard rate of the clinical endpoint is not affected by treatment among patients with the same preceding history of the surrogate variable. We analyse data from two completed zidovudine trials using the Cox regression model with the CD4‐lymphocyte count as a time‐varying covariate. The results indicate that the CD4‐lymphocyte count captures part of the relationship between zidovudine and time to a first critical event but does not fulfil the Prentice criterion.
Empirical bayes estimation and inference for the random effects model with binary response
Authors: Waclawiw Myron A. , Liang Kung‐Yee 
Published: April 2007

AbstractWaclawiw and Liang introduced an estimating function‐based approach for estimating the parameters of the classical two‐stage random effects model for longitudinal data. In the present paper, the authors conduct a case study of the general approach for the binary response setting, where the fully specified parametric two‐stage model with fixed and univariate random effects has an analytically intractable likelihood. With successful convergence of the algorithm, the authors propose a fully parametric bootstrapping method for deriving empirical Bayes confidence intervals for all model parameters. The bootstrapping approach is a blend of the estimating function technique with the developments of Laird and Louis. The estimating function approach to estimation and inference provides a general framework for the analytis of a wide variety of medical data, including the setting of small and varying numbers of discrete repeated observations. An application of the methdology to the analysis of binary responses in a crossover clinical trial is presented.
A comparison of three approaches to estimate exposure‐specific incidence rates from population‐based case‐control data
Authors: Benichou Jacques , Wacholder Sholom 
Published: April 2007

AbstractIn population‐based case‐control studies, an attempt is made to identify all incident cases diagnosed in a specified population during a fixed time interval. Assuming that this goal is met allows one to obtain measures of risk other than relative risks. In this paper, we describe three approaches to estimate exposure‐specific incidence rates. Approach 1 relies on estimating crude incidence rates of the disease in strata defined, for instance, by age and geographic area, and combining them with relative risk estimates from the case‐control data. In approaches 2 and 3, baseline incidence rates and relative risks are estimated jointly. Approach 2 is based on a pseudo‐likelihood, while, in approach 3, the problem is regarded as a missing data problem and a full likelihood is maximized. We applied these three approaches to a study of bladder cancer. Our three sets of estimates of exposure‐specific incidence rates were in close agreement, while there appeared to be greater precision with approaches 2 and 3.
Smoothing grouped bivariate data to obtain the incubation period distribution of aids
Authors: Taylor Jeremy M. G. , Chon Yun 
Published: April 2007

AbstractWe use a penalized likelihood approach to obtain a smooth estimate of a bivariate distribution from grouped data where each observation consists of a region in a plane. The purpose of the analysis is to estimate the incubation period distribution of AIDS from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study, a prevalent cohort of homosexual men. In this article we illustrate the usefulness of the penalized likelihood approach. We also discuss the use of a cross‐validation and a Bayesian scheme to choose the smoothing parameters and bootstrap samples to assess uncertainty.