bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Use of Biocatalyst for Preparation of New Chiral Templates and Its Application to Asymmetric Reactions
Authors: SUEMUNE H. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Ring Formation and Synthesis of Natural Products Utilizing Latent Powers of Polyfunctional Groups.
Authors: IHARA M. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Structure and Dynamics of Polymer Chains Tethered at the Solid‐Liquid Interface
Authors: KLEIN J. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Using direct mail to bridge “knowledge gaps” in communication about health
Authors: Finnegan John R. , Loken Barbara , Howard-Pitney Beth 
Published: July 2007

A field experiment with a pretest and post-test control group design was used to measure the effects of direct mail messages on awareness and knowledge of health and heart health information. The study was conducted as part of a larger community-wide heart disease risk factor reduction project. The major focus of the research was to analyze the relative effectiveness of direct mail in bridging certain “knowledge gaps” in health information among demographic subgroups. Generally, direct mail was found to be effective in getting people to read about heart health-specific information in a direct mail letter addressed to them. It also appeared to be effective in narrowing demographic “knowledge gaps” in health information occurring between men and women and between lower- and higher-educated subgroups.
Scholarship program that links education to jobs in the marketplace
Authors: Delay Robert F. 
Published: July 2007

Every year since 1966, a scholarship program to place outstanding college seniors into the field of Direct Marketing from the university campus has reaped dramatic dividends. Aptly named the Collegiate Institute, these free, week-long courses have brought together more than 1,500 students giving them a taste of this exciting discipline called Direct Marketing. Most important, records indicate that nearly 50% of those attendees have entered a career in Direct Marketing. This article seeks to inform more professors and professionals about the opportunities that the program creates. This innovative approach to providing talent to what is truly a “niche market” is sponsored by The Direct Marketing Educational Foundation with support from local DM clubs and companies with a stake in this burgeoning way of doing business.
Transnational nonstore patronage behavior
Authors: Gehrt Kenneth C. 
Published: July 2007

Although business is increasingly conducted on a global basis, the study of international retailing and international shopping behavior contingencies has been largely overlooked. This problem is particularly acute in the area of international nonstore retailing/shopping behavior. This article explores transnational shopping contingencies with a focus on non-store shopping. The study is based on a comparison of Canadian and American responses to 48 psychographic type statements which are related to store and nonstore shopping. The comparison is timely in light of the recently enacted Canadian-American Free Trade Agreement. The results reveal that although Canadian and American shoppers are similar in many respects, they also exhibit some important differences. The most notable difference is the American shopper's more favorable predisposition to catalog patronage.
A pause‐in‐speech deletion technique of delay‐allowable communication systems
Authors: Yoshida Takashi , Ueda Jiro 
Published: July 2007

AbstractAs a means of information compression in speech communication, the pause‐in‐speech deletion technique has been applied to digital speech interpolation, etc. This paper examines a pause‐in‐speech technique, which, after detection of a voice segment, goes backward some tens of milliseconds before the voice segment and can turn a voice switch on. Used in a delay‐allowable communication system, this permits efficient compression of the pause in speech while maintaining minimum quality degradation and can be a cost‐effective economization method. the possibility of a backward hangover process with pause deletion and rewriting of voice segments in pause segments in the buffering process using addressing control is discussed. Experimental results reveal that the backward hangover process (hangover time of 32 ∼ 64 ms) permits less voice deletion (especially at word fronts, which are essential to quality reproduction) than the ordinary hangover process. the total cost effectiveness is discussed with respect to a voice storage system and it is shown that the cost of the system can be reduced without speech quality degradation by applying the backward hangover process and addressing control at buffering.
Embedding planar graphs using PQ‐tree algorithms
Authors: Chiba Norishige , Nishizeki Takao , Abe Shigenobu , Ozawa Takao 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe problems of testing the planarity of a graph and of embedding a planar graph in a plane arise in many applications. This paper presents a simple linear algorithm for the latter problem. the algorithm is based on the “vertex‐addition algorithm” of Lempel, Even and Cederbaum for planarity testing and is a slight modification of Booth and Lueker's implementation of the testing algorithm using a PQ‐tree. Compared with the embedding algorithm known as the “path‐addition” algorithm of Hopcroft and Tarjan, our algorithm is conceptually simple and easy to understand or implement.
A numerical analysis of electromagnetic scattering of perfect conducting cylinders by means of discrete singularity method improved by optimization process
Authors: Nishimura Mampei , Takamatsu Shuji , Shigesawa Hiroshi 
Published: July 2007

AbstractAs a method of solving the electromagnetic scattering by perfectly conducting cylinders, the discrete singularity method is discussed. For this method, a finite number of singular points is distributed within the scatterer and the wave function composed of a linear combination of solutions (each of which is derived from a Helmholtz equation with each single singularity among the many) is matched with the incident wave function on the boundary. the remaining important problem in this method is how to distribute these singularities in order to obtain the accurate solution with faster convergence and with fewer number of singular points for an arbitrary configuration of the scatterer. the purpose of this paper is to present a reasonable solution to this problem. the essential point of the method is that by making as unknown quantities, not only the unknown amplitude coefficients involved in the linear combination of the solutions, but also the coordinates of the singularities, the scattered wave is matched on the boundary in the sense of the least squares. This problem is linear in the amplitude coefficient but nonlinear in the singularity coordinate. Thus we solve this problem by using the algorithm by Marquardt et al. of a nonlinear optimization process. This paper considers the general description and indicates its effectiveness by showing a few examples of the scattering problem of rectangular cylinders.
A method for solving the three‐dimensional inverse problem in electrocardiography using the finite‐element method
Authors: Kinosada Yasutomi , Sakata Toshibumi , Yamashita Yasuo , Takahashi Takashi 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe solution of the inverse problem in electrocardiography, if it can be obtained, is clinically significant since information on cardiac excitation can be obtained non‐invasively from the surface electrocardiogram. This paper describes a solution for the three‐dimensional inverse problem in electrocardiography and examines the possibility of clinical application based on a numerical example for the human torso model. In the inverse problem in electrocardiography the potential transfer matrix relating the epicardial potential distribution to the body surface potential distribution is determined, which enables estimation of the former from the latter. Owing to the smoothing effect in the human thorax, however, the potential transfer matrix is modified such that the calculated epicardial potential distribution becomes oscillatory. In our study, this problem is remedied by using the conditional least‐squares filter and applying Tikhonov's regularization. The relation between the number of electrodes, measurement accuracy of the body surface electrocardiograph and the error in estimation of the epicardial potential distribution is discussed. Based on this discussion, it is concluded that estimation of the epicardial potential distribution with practicable accuracy requires at least 180 electrodes and three‐place measurement accuracy for the body surface electrocardiogram.
Noise estimation system for board‐level electrical circuit–calculation of capacitance coefficient of multiconductor system by calcap
Authors: Takagi Haruo , Schibuya Noboru , Ito Kenichi 
Published: July 2007

AbstractNetwork analysis with equivalent lumped constant circuits is effective for evaluating the noise generated on a circuit board considered as a total electronic circuit system. This paper considers the partial capacitance calculation program (CALCAP) that is used for expressing the pattern wiring in terms of equivalent lumped constant parameters within a loaded design system (NESSY) insensitive to the noise. In the CALCAP, three‐dimensional orientations of multiconductors on a substrate are considered and the formulations have been done with the image method and the integral equations. As a tool in a system, the CALCAP is designed for ease of parameter input and routine work, and for high‐speed execution. To this end, a nonuniform sampling algorithm is used. The capacitance of an isolated equipotential parallel plate has been computed and the dividing methods have been compared. The present method was found to be superior to others. The capacitance of parallel plates and strip lines have been computed using the present method. For the strip lines, appropriate measures have been obtained for: (1) the segmentation method; and (2) the length of the cell. Further, the capacitance has been measured and the cross‐talk experiment has been performed for a simple model of strip lines. The results of the capacitance calculation and those of the circuit simulation have been compared and found to be in good agreement.
Considerations on feed expressions for the numerical analysis of antennas
Authors: Sakitani Akihlde , Egashira Shigeru 
Published: July 2007

AbstractAntennas having highly complicated configuration can be analyzed numerically by the recently proposed moment method and/or remarkably improved computer system, and many analyzed results have also been reported. However, on the other hand, some problems, such as convergence in the moment method, numerical solution of a current distribution feed point, and nonphysical oscillations at an edge, have been pointed out. Although in the analysis of wire antennas, assumptions of slice generator, finite gap generator, or annular ring of magnetic current are used adequately as a feed, it is necessary to know how different is the numerical calculation between them. This paper considers an integral equation obtained with a boundary condition at antenna surface and axis, and an integral equation obtained using an axis current approximation. These integral equations were calculated numerically for a linear dipole antenna applying the moment method. As a result, the difference of numerical solution by a difference of feed formula was clarified.
Performance comparison of partial response systems in digital VTR
Authors: Osawa Hisashi , Okamoto Yoshihiro , Tazaki Saburo 
Published: July 2007

AbstractTo study the performance of Partial Response (PR) systems used in digital VTR where high density recording is required, the conventional analysis on the error probability only for random noise is not sufficient, and it is important to analyze the performance taking into account the influence of increase in tape‐to‐head spacing. In this paper, first, the error probability is derived for PR(1, 0m‐1, ‐1), PR(1, Om‐1, 1), and PR(1) systems (m = 1, 2, …) in NRZ recording, taking into account the increase in tape‐to‐head spacing. Then the relationship between the increase in tape‐to‐head spacing and SNR at the reading point required to achieve the prescribed error probability is obtained. The results show that, PR(1, 0, ‐1) out of PR(1, 0m‐l, ‐1) and PR(1, 1) out of PR(1, 0m‐1, 1) exhibit excellent performance. Also, it was clarified that the PR(1, 1) system has good performance provided the increase in tape‐to‐head spacing is small and the PR(1, 0, ‐1) system is better for a large increase in spacing. Moreover, the relationship between timing jitter and required SNR is discussed.
A pair of yagi antennas for controlling polarization
Authors: Okubo Shigeru , Tokumaru Shinobu 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe multipath fading in maritime satellite communications is a serious problem in any future system using the INMARSAT for small vessels. In this paper, a polarization controlling antenna consisting of a pair of Yagi arrays with a reflector is used. By adjustment of the antenna source, the polarization of the direction of incidence of the sea return wave (reserved direction) is synthesized so that the axial ratio is identical to that of the sea return wave but is in the opposite sense and the major axes are orthogonal to each other. Thus fading is reduced. In the present structure, the axial ratio remains desirable in the direction of the satellite even if it becomes large in the reserved direction due to polarization control. Hence polarization loss is small. Further, the mechanical attitude control system can be simplified since the antenna movement is controlled electronically. In the antenna design, the reflector can be treated as an infinite ground plane as long as it is larger than two wavelength square. First, the antenna dimensions are determined. Next, the source for the specified polarization, the axial ratio in the satellite direction and the radiation patterns are calculated for an antenna attitude. The model experiment has been performed for confirmation of the calculated results. The effect of the finite reflector on the electrical characteristics of the antenna is theoretically studied.
An lnterframe coding system using motion‐compensation prediction and uncovered background prediction
Authors: Kuroda Hideo , Hashimoto Hideo , Hashimoto Hideo 
Published: July 2007

AbstractIn order to expand the applications of domestic and international teleconference service, it is necessary to develop a video coder with high quality and low cost. This paper discusses an interframe coding system which can realize high quality. The interframe coding system realizes coded transmission with high efficiency by adaptively switching the prediction scheme as follows. The image in teleconferencing can be divided into a still area, a moving object and the background left after movement of the object. For the still area, the previous‐frame prediction is used. For the moving object, the motion‐compensation prediction is used. For the background left after the movement of the object, the uncovered background prediction is used. In the first part of the paper, the interframe coding system is described. Then, a coding experiment is performed, confirming the usefulness of information suppression when motion‐compensation prediction and uncovered background prediction are used. An experiment for image quaiity evaluation is performed and the experimental device is applied to ITS. As a result, it is demonstrated that the television conference signal is transmitted at a rate of 1.5 Mb/s with satisfactory image quality.
Electromagnetic‐field analysis of planar gratings with periodic distribution of dielectric constant
Authors: Yamasaki Tsuneki , Hinata Takashi , Hosono Toshio 
Published: July 2007

AbstractIn this paper, a new method and its validity are described for the grating with a periodic distribution of dielectric constant. The method is a kind of Fourier series expansion method consisting of two steps: (1) the periodically inhomogeneous permittivity and the electromagnetic fields are expanded in terms of a Fourier series. The propagation constants and the modal functions in the dielectric grating are obtained by solving the eigenvalue equation; (2) the transmitted and reflected waves are obtained from the boundary conditions at the surfaces of the grating. When there are discontinuities in the permittivity distribution ϵ (x), the analysis is difficult with the conventional space harmonic expansion technique. It is shown that the following two cases can be analyzed by the present method: (1) the electric field is parallel to the grating surface (TE wave), and the Fourier series expansion coefficients ϵn of ϵ(x) are such that ∥n * ϵm∥ < (constant) and ϵ n is a convergent series; (2) the n=‐ magnetic field is parallel to the grating surface (TM wave), and ϵ(X) is approximated by a trigonometric rational function of the order less than ϵN and the number N of the field expansion terms is N 2Nf. In this paper, the permittivity distributions of the type ϵ(X)/1 = q(x)/r(x) are assumed. As a result, if we take appropriate trigonometric polynomials for q(x) and p(x), we can approximate a wide range of permittivity distributions, for which the numerical integration is not required even when Fourier series coefficients of (X) cannot be obtained analytically. Hence, the application range of our method has been expanded significantly. The validity of this method has also been confirmed by checking the increase of accuracy of the numerical solution with the number of expansion terms and by comparing the results with the results of other authors.
Location of mobile subscriber station on land mobile radio with MSSC
Authors: Murase Atsushi , Imamura Kenji 
Published: July 2007

AbstractAs for radio channel control of a cellular mobile communication system, location measurement is an important technique for determining the base station to be Connected with the mobile station. This paper describes the radio zone selection characteristic when a part of the control channel is time‐shared by base stations and the reception level of each base station is measured at mobile stations. MSSC (Multitransmitter Simul/Sequential Casting) of control channels is proposed, which improves the location measurement and is suitable for a high‐capacity system. The MSSC channel consists of simul‐cast parts and sequential‐cast parts. Its speech connection control sequence when applied to the cellular mobile communication system is shown. Next, the relation between the reception level variation characteristic in land mobile communication and the average reception level measurement accuracy when burst signals are received several times is studied. Both analytical results and laboratory experimental simulation results are shown. Finally, the zone selecting rate of a mobile station is calculated and the effect of the proposed control channel configuration is clarified.
Dielectric measurements by H‐plane dielectric loaded cavity with three layers
Authors: Yamanaka Hideo 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis paper describes a method for measuring the complex dielectric constant of a dielectric, by using a resonance of a rectangular cavity (section 3.48 × 1.58 cm2, length 8.30 cm) filled with three layers. The top layer is air; the second layer is a low‐loss dielectric whose dielectric constant is known; and the third layer is the dielectric under measurement. Four plastic screws are used for pressing the dielectrics. It has been confirmed that this method works efficiently, although a specimen under measurement must have a uniform thickness and must be flattened by pressing. The measurements were carried out in a 7‐GHz band.
Measurement of cochannel interference for mobile communication systems
Authors: Kozono Shigeru , Sakamoto Masayuki 
Published: July 2007

AbstractIn mobile communication the radius of each radio chosen is small and the same frequency channel is repeatedly used at a near distance to improve the frequency utilization. For further improvement of frequency utilization, a technique of repeated use must be established. An effective method of measuring co‐channel interference with good accuracy has not been found to date. By using the beat phenomenon which occurs at carrier envelope under the effect of interference, a new method to measure co‐channel interference is proposed. In this method, the carrier envelope is sampled, and desired carrier to undesired carrier level (D/U) ratio is calculated by signal processing. Circuits for measurement are composed of envelope detector, analog‐to‐digital (A/D) converter, and microcomputer. Theoretical and experimental evaluations of measurement errors are examined, and this method is proved promising. Using this method, reception dynamic range of 70 dB is quantized by 8‐bit A/D converter, and D/U ratio up to 20 dB is measured within 2 dB error for less than 80 Hz fading frequency.
Analysis of polarization‐maintaining optical fibers with crescentlike hollow pits around a circular core
Authors: Yoshikawa Hiroshi , Hinata Takashi , Hosono Toshio , Takano Sadao 
Published: July 2007

AbstractWe propose polarization‐maintaining optical fibers with one crescentlike hollow pit (SCF) and two crescentlike hollow pits (DCF) around the circular core. Their propagation characteristics are numerically analyzed using the improved point matching method. The results obtained about the modal birefringence B Δ∥βe ‐ β0∥/ko (where βe and βO are the even mode and odd mode propagation constants for HE11 model respectively, kg is the wave number in free space) of SCF and DCF are as follows.
A minimum channel spacing of optical wavelength‐division‐multiplexing transsion for subscriber loop systems
Authors: Sano Koichi , Watanabe Ryuichi 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis paper describes standardization of wavelengths in wavelength‐division‐multiplexing transmission for optical subscriber loop systems. First we estimate the minimum channel spacing for both the short and long wavelength regions considering such system requirements as transmission distance, transmission signals and future trend of optical components (e.g., optical source, optical multi/demultiplexer, optical connector and optical fiber) and select eight wavelengths in the short wavelength region (0.75, 0.77, 0.79, 0.81, 0.83, 0.85, 0.87 and 0.89 μm) and eight wavelengths in the long wavelength region (1.10, 1.15, 1.20, 1.25, 1.30, 1.35, 1.40 and 1.45 μm). Then, considering presently required transmission signals and the present state of the art of optical sources and optical components, it is concluded that the use of two wavelengths in the short wavelength region (0.81 and 0.89 μm) and two in the long wavelength region (1.2 and 1.3 μm) will suffice for the time being, and that with the required technological advances, necessary wavelengths will be developed and used from among the 16 wavelengths.