bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Oriented Self‐Assembly of Magnetic Fe3O4 Nanoparticles into Monodisperse Microspheres and Their Use as Substrates in the Formation of Fe3O4 Nanorods
Authors: Xi Guangcheng , Wang Chao , Wang Xing 
Published: December 2007

AbstractWe describe a facile solvothermal route for the large‐scale preparation of ferromagnetic Fe3O4 sub‐micrometer spheres and nanorods by using FeCl3 as the iron source, oleic acid as the surfactant, and ethylene glycol as the reducing agent and solvent. The as‐synthesized Fe3O4 microspheres are composed of a mess of Fe3O4 nanoparticles with a size of 10 nm and have nearly monodisperse diameters that can be controlled in the range 100–410 nm. HRTEM images and SAED patterns show that these microspheres present a “single‐crystalline” nature, which can be attributed to the highly oriented assembly of the small Fe3O4 nanoparticles. Interestingly, by using the pre‐synthesized Fe3O4 microspheres as the growth substrate, single‐crystalline Fe3O4 nanorods can be formed on the surfaces of the microspheres. These nanorods are about 7–20 nm in diameter and 120–400 nm in length, and have smooth surfaces. The formation mechanisms of the Fe3O4 microspheres and nanorods have been investigated and discussed. Furthermore, the magnetic properties of the as‐synthesized microspheres and nanorods have also been investigated and the magnetization saturation values are 74.6 and 92.3 emu/g, respectively.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Statistical data processing of mobility curves of univalent weak bases
Authors: Šlampová Andrea , Boček Petr 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThis paper brings a new rigorous and complete statistical approach to the data processing of the mobility curves of univalent weak bases. This approach is based on application of the least square method to the equation of the related mobility curve. Thus, an equation for the best fit is derived and its mathematical solution is found. The solution brings best estimates of the mobility curve parameters, i.e., dissociation constant K and ionic mobility of the protonated base U. Further, explicit formulas have been derived for the calculation of related statistical parameters, i.e., SDs of effective mobility su, of the dissociation constant sK, and of ionic mobility of protonated base sU. The mathematical functions used in the above approach do not impose any limitations on the data used, i.e., the mobility and pH values used may be real numbers (positive, negative, zero).
Modelling spatio‐temporal variation in exposure to particulate matter: a two‐stage approach
Authors: Fanshawe T. R. , Diggle P. J. , Rushton S. , Sanderson R. , Lurz P. W. W. , Glinianaia S. V. , Pearce M. S. , Parker L. , Charlton M. , Pless‐Mulloli T. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractStudies investigating associations between air pollution exposure and health outcomes benefit from the estimation of exposures at the individual level, but explicit consideration of the spatio‐temporal variation in exposure is relatively new in air pollution epidemiology. We address the problem of estimating spatially and temporally varying particulate matter concentrations (black smoke = BS = PM4) using data routinely collected from 20 monitoring stations in Newcastle‐upon‐Tyne between 1961 and 1992. We propose a two‐stage strategy for modelling BS levels. In the first stage, we use a dynamic linear model to describe the long‐term trend and seasonal variation in area‐wide average BS levels. In the second stage, we account for the spatio‐temporal variation between monitors around the area‐wide average in a linear model that incorporates a range of spatio‐temporal covariates available throughout the study area, and test for evidence of residual spatio‐temporal correlation. We then use the model to assign time‐aggregated predictions of BS exposure, with associated prediction variances, to each singleton pregnancy that occurred in the study area during this period, guided by dates of conception and birth and mothers' residential locations. In work to be reported separately, these exposure estimates will be used to investigate relationships between maternal exposure to BS during pregnancy and a range of birth outcomes. Our analysis demonstrates how suitable covariates can be used to explain residual spatio‐temporal variation in individual‐level exposure, thereby reducing the need to model the residual spatio‐temporal correlation explicitly. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Compressible two‐phase flow modelling based on thermodynamically compatible systems of hyperbolic conservation laws
Authors: Romenski E. , Drikakis D. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThis paper outlines the development of a two‐phase flow model based on the theory of thermodynamically compatible systems of hyperbolic conservation laws. The conservative hyperbolic governing equations are numerically implemented in conjunction with the second‐order MUSCL method and the GFORCE flux, while for the reduced isentropic model the first‐order Godunov method is also derived. Results are presented for the water–air shock tube and water‐faucet test problems. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Enhanced cytotoxicity of saporin by polyamidoamine dendrimer conjugation and photochemical internalization
Authors: Lai Ping‐Shan , Pai Chin‐Ling , Peng Cheng‐Liang , Shieh Ming‐Jium , Berg Kristian , Lou Pei‐Jen 
Published: December 2007

AbstractBecause of the lack of membrane binding subunit, type I ribosome‐inactivating proteins (RIPs) are not very toxic to cells unless action is taken to allow for toxin internalization to the cytosol. To overcome the potential barriers that greatly hinder the cellular uptake and intracellular release of saporin, a type I RIP, we used generation 4 polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimer as the carrier to improve its endocytic uptake, passive tumor targeting, and implemented the photochemical internalization (PCI) technology to facilitate its cytosolic release. Our results showed that the cellular uptake of saporin was increased after conjugation with the PAMAM dendrimer and the cytotoxic effect was improved by more than 1 order of magnitude. The cytotoxicity of free saporin and PAMAM‐saporin was further enhanced by the PCI technology. PCI changed the mechanism of cellular uptake of free saporin and then caused more saporin entering into the cells. After the PCI treatment, PAMAM‐saporin was not only internalized into the cytosol but also efficiently entered the nuclei. Our results indicated that conjugating to PAMAM dendrimer is a possible approach to enhance the cellular uptake of saporin. PCI is a promising technology to significantly enhance the cytotoxicity of both free saporin and PAMAM‐saporin. Combining both polymer conjugation and PCI approaches may improve the efficacy of RIPs in cancer therapy. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 87A: 147–155, 2008
Evaluation of an innovative pediatric clerkship structure using multiple outcome variables including career choice
Authors: Matheny Antommaria Armand H. , Firth Sean D. , Maloney Christopher G. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractBACKGROUNDFew studies have examined alternative structures for inpatient clerkships.OBJECTIVECompare 2 inpatient clerkship structures using multiple outcome variables.DESIGNProspective, randomized controlled trial.SETTINGTertiary‐care, freestanding children's hospital.SUBJECTSAll medical students enrolled in the third‐year pediatric clerkship in the 2001‐2003 academic years.INTERVENTIONA clerkship structure consisting of an academic attending, a third‐year pediatric resident, and 4 third‐year medical students, but no interns.MEASUREMENTSStudent end‐of‐rotation examinations, evaluations, a questionnaire, and career choices were used to evaluate the intervention. Patient logs and resource utilization were also assessed. Statistical analysis included evaluating differences between groups and measuring effect size.RESULTSTwo hundred and three students were randomized. Compared with those on the traditional services, students on the intervention service encountered more key diagnoses in the patients they cared for (4.4 vs. 3.6, P < .01). These students also gave higher ratings to their overall attitude (4.48 vs. 4.26, P = .02) and input into patient care decisions (4.45 vs. 3.98, P < .01). More than twice as many students on the intervention service matched in pediatrics (OR 2.52, 95% confidence interval 0.99‐6.38). Multivariate analysis of length of stay and total charges for selected patients revealed similar outcomes.CONCLUSIONSA third‐year pediatric clerkship that focuses on students is associated with increased satisfaction, higher interest in pediatrics, and consistent resource utilization. The intervention, therefore, merits continuation, whereas further research is required to identify which aspects of the intervention are responsible for its positive effects. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2007;2:401–408. © 2007 Society of Hospital Medicine.
A randomized clinical trial to compare the use of safety net enclosures with standard restraints in agitated hospitalized patients
Authors: Nawaz Haq , Abbas Atif , Sarfraz Asif , Slade Martin D. , Calvocoressi Lisa , Wild Dorothea M. G. , Tessier‐Sherman Baylah 
Published: December 2007

AbstractBACKGROUNDAlthough hospitals attempt to minimize the use of restraints, certain cases require their application. For such patients, there is a need for novel, safe and more humane restraint systems.OBJECTIVETo assess the acceptability and efficacy of safe enclosures in agitated hospitalized patients.DESIGNSingle‐centered randomized controlled trial.SETTINGCommunity hospital.PATIENTSAgitated hospitalized patients requiring restraint.INTERVENTIONPatients were randomized to either standard restraints or the safe enclosure. We used the SOMA Safe Enclosure™.MEASUREMENTSPerception scores of relatives, physicians, and nurses; agitation scores of patients (assessed using the Agitated Behavior Scale (ABS) and the Alcohol Withdrawal Assessment Form (AWAF)); length of stay; time in restraints; total dose of medication used to treat agitation; and injuries.RESULTSOf the 49 patients randomized, 20 were assigned to the safe enclosure group and 29 were assigned to the standard restraint group. Relatives, physicians and secondary nurses rated the safe enclosure more positively than standard restraints (P < .001, P < .001, P = .023, respectively). There was no difference between groups in level of agitation (AWA at 48 hours, P = .8516; ABS at 48 hours, P = .3743); length of stay (P = .3077); time in restraints (P = .5745);or total dose of medication (anti‐anxiety medications, P = .5607; anti‐psychotic medications, P = .7858). There was one injury to a patient in the standard restraint group and none in the safe enclosure group.CONCLUSIONSFor hospitalized patients requiring restraint, the SOMA Safe Enclosure™ is effective and more acceptable to relatives, physicians, and secondary nurses than currently used restraints. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2007;2:385–393. © 2007 Society of Hospital Medicine.
An electronic strategy to identify hospitalized heart failure patients
Authors: Halasyamani Lakshmi K. , Czerwinski Jennifer , Clinard Rosemary , Cowen Mark E. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractBACKGROUNDA common challenge in improving performance measures regarding heart failure (HF) is identifying patients early in the course of their hospitalization so that multidisciplinary education and clinical interventions can be implemented. We describe the accuracy of using an electronic pharmacy‐based strategy to identify hospitalized patients likely to have a principal diagnosis of HF at discharge.METHODSWe evaluated 2 strategies. The first used the receipt of an intravenous loop diuretic as a single predictor; the second incorporated additional lab, pharmacy, and demographic information in a multivariable general estimating equation.RESULTSReceipt of an intravenous diuretic predicted a discharge diagnosis of heart failure with a sensitivity of 0.89 and a specificity of 0.87. Adding age, B‐type natriuretic peptide level, previous hospitalizations, attending physician specialty, and receipt of spironolactone into the predictor improved the sensitivity to 0.91 and the specificity to 0.89.CONCLUSIONSThe receipt of intravenous loop diuretics is a reasonable and easily implemented screening test to identify patients likely to have a principal diagnosis of heart failure at discharge. The accuracy is improved by incorporating other electronically available variables. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2007;2:409–414. © 2007 Society of Hospital Medicine.
Ganglion ultrastructure in phylactolaemate Bryozoa: Evidence for a neuroepithelium
Authors: Gruhl Alexander , Bartolomaeus Thomas 
Published: December 2007

AbstractIn contrast to other Bryozoa, members of the subtaxon Phylactolaemata bear a subepithelial cerebral ganglion that resembles a hollow vesicle rather than being compact. In older studies this ganglion was said to originate by an invagination of the pharyngeal epithelium. Unfortunately, documentation for this is fragmentary. In chordates the central nervous system also arises by an invagination‐like process, but this mode is uncommon among invertebrate phyla. As a first attempt to gather more data about this phenomenon, cerebral ganglia in two phylactolaemate species, Fredericella sultana and Plumatella emarginata, were examined at the ultrastructural level. In both species the ganglion bears a small central lumen. The ganglionic cells are organized in the form of a neuroepithelium. They are polarized and interconnected by adherens junctions on their apical sides and reside on a basal lamina. The nerve cell somata are directed towards the central lumen, whereas the majority of nervous processes are distributed basally. Orientation of the neuroepithelial cells can be best explained by the possibility that they develop by invagination. A comparison with potential outgroups reveals that a neuroepithelial ganglion is at least derived. Since, however, a reliable phylogenetic system of the Bryozoa is missing, a decision on whether such a ganglion is apomorphic for Bryozoa or evolved within this taxon can hardly be made. J. Morphol., 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
AP/MALDI‐MS complete characterization of the proteolytic fragments produced by the interaction of insulin degrading enzyme with bovine insulin
Authors: Grasso Giuseppe , Rizzarelli Enrico , Spoto Giuseppe 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe prominent role that insulin degrading enzyme (IDE) has in the clearance of insulin as well as of other molecules such as amyloid‐β has recently drawn much interest in the scientific community toward this protease. In order to give an insight into the manner of interaction of IDE with its substrates, several papers have focused on the structure of the IDE/insulin complex. In this scenario, although the cleavage sites involved in the interaction of insulin with IDE are known, a convenient experimental method that is able to identify in a complete and unambiguous way, all the peptide fragments generated by such interaction has yet to be found. MS‐based experiments have often represented to be invaluable tools for the assessment of the cleavage sites, but the reported MS‐spectra always show a partial coverage of all the peptide fragments generated by the enzyme interaction, lacking a complete characterization.In this work, we report a new experimental procedure by which an unambiguous as well as complete assignment of all the peptide fragments generated by the interaction of insulin with IDE is described. Atmospheric pressure/matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization (AP/MALDI) mass spectra are reported and the data recorded, together with the introduction of a reduction/alkylation step, allows us to fully characterize the cleavage sites of the bovine insulin interacting with IDE. Different experimental conditions are screened and some insights into the IDE/insulin system regarding preference of the cleavage and its dependence on particular experimental conditions used are also given. Investigation on the tendency that different insulin fragments have toward aggregation is also carried out.Good reproducibility, global and unambiguous assignment, low time‐consuming experimental procedure, and requirements of enzyme in small amounts are some of the advantages of the proposed AP/MALDI based approach. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Charge state effect on the zwitterion influence on stability of non‐covalent interaction of single‐stranded DNA with peptides
Authors: Alves Sandra , Woods Amina , Tabet Jean Claude 
Published: December 2007

AbstractNegative ion ESI mass spectrometry was used to study the gas‐phase stability and dissociation pathways of peptide–DNA complexes. We show that bradykinin and three modified peptides containing the basic residue arginine or lysine form stable interactions with single‐stranded oligonucleotides. ESI‐MS/MS of complexes of T8 with PPGFSPFRR resulted in a major dissociation pathway through cleavage of the peptide covalent bond. The stability of the complex is due to electrostatic interaction between the negatively charged phosphate group and the basic side chain of the arginine and lysine residues as demonstrated by Vertes et al. and Woods et al. In fact, the present work establishes the role played by zwitterions on complex stabilisation. The presence of protons in nucleobase and/or amino acid contributes in reinforcing the strength of the salt bridge (SB) interaction. The zwitterionic form of the most basic of amino acid residues, arginine, is assumed to form a strong SB interaction to the negatively charged phosphate groups of DNA. This non‐covalent complex is stable enough to withstand disruption of the non‐covalent interaction and to first break the covalent bond. Moreover, the dependence of fragmentation patterns upon the complex charge state is explained by the fact that the net number of negative charges modulates the number of zwitterionic sites, which stabilise the complexes. Finally, the weak influence of the nucleobase is assumed by the existence of competition for proton addition between the nucleobase and the R/K side chain leading to a decrease in the stabilisation of the SB interaction. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Neoplastic conversion of human colon smooth muscle cells: No requirement for telomerase
Authors: Liang Sitai , Kahlenberg Morton S. , Rousseau Dennis L. , Hornsby Peter J. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe role of telomerase as an essential requirement for the neoplastic conversion of human cells has been controversial. In the model of conversion of normal human cells to cancer cells by the combination of simian virus 40 (SV40) early region genes and oncogenic Ras (H‐RasG12V), telomerase (hTERT) was originally described as essential in conjunction with these other genes. Here we used primary cultures of colon smooth muscle cells isolated from surgical specimens. SV40 large T antigen (TAg) and oncogenic RasG12V were introduced into the cells by retroviral transduction and cells were rapidly transplanted into the subrenal capsule space in immunodeficient mice, without selection in culture. Malignant tumors were formed from transduced cells. Extensive invasion into the kidney occurred even when tumors were small; in contrast, at the same tumor size, oncogene‐expressing fibroblasts did not show much invasion. Increased invasiveness was also observed in vitro. However, cells in these cancers showed morphological evidence of crisis, consistent with their lack of telomerase. These experiments on human colon smooth muscle cells support the concept that RasG12V and SV40 TAg form a minimal set of genes that can convert normal human cells to cancer cells without a requirement for hTERT. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Deformity of lumbar spine after selective dorsal rhizotomy for spastic cerebral palsy
Authors: Li Zhiyong , Zhu Jiakai , Liu Xiaolin 
Published: December 2007

AbstractTo observe the effect of selective dorsal rhizotomy (SDR) on the deformity of the lumbar spine, a retrospective review was conducted from October 1992 to December 2002 on children who had undergone SDR in our department, and in whom preoperative and postoperative spine radiographs had been obtained. The angles of hyperlordolysis were measured. The study group comprised 219 patients, in which 61 cases were followed up and examined between May 2004 and February 2005. The mean age at surgery was 6.9 years (range 3–20 years), with a mean time to recent follow‐up radiographs of 6.3 years (5–9 years). A total 219 children underwent laminectomy from L2‐S1. Scoliosis existed in one case, and two cases of L5 spondylolysis were detected before surgery. One case presented lumbar hyperlordosis. After SDR, 10 cases showed distinctively abnormal walking posture of hyperlordolysis. Compared with the preoperative angle of hyperlordolysis, the angle was improved after the operation. Among them, four patients developed spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis (grade I). We also observed that one case developed lumbar kyphosis deformity. In conclusion, cerebral palsy patients may develop spinal deformity. Some cases showed distinctively abnormal walking posture of hyperlordolysis, and they developed spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis after surgery. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2008.
Heat transfer in composite materials with Stefan–Boltzmann interface conditions
Authors: Gufan Yang , Masahiro Yamamoto , Jin Cheng 
Published: December 2007

AbstractIn this paper, we discuss nonstationary heat transfer problems in composite materials. This problem can be formulated as the parabolic equation with Stefan–Boltzmann interface conditions. It is proved that there exists a unique global classical solution to one‐dimensional problems. Moreover, we propose a numerical algorithm by the finite difference method for this nonlinear transmission problem. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Crack growth analysis using mesh superposition technique and X‐FEM
Authors: Nakasumi Shogo , Suzuki Katsuyuki , Ohtsubo Hideomi 
Published: December 2007

AbstractIn this paper, a new approach to crack propagation analysis for large scale or complicated geometry structures is presented. That is the connection of mesh superposition technique and the extended finite element method. The former is a technique that increases the accuracy of analysis locally by superimposing additional mesh of higher resolution onto the mesh that represents the rough deformation of the structure. In this technique, the boundaries and nodes of both meshes do not have to coincide with each other. In the latter technique, the discontinuity across the crack segment and singularity around the crack tips are represented in the approximation by enriching the nodal degrees using partition of unity condition. This technique does not require meshes to conform to the crack geometry and this enables crack propagation procedure with no re‐meshing process by connecting both techniques, it becomes possible to analyse crack growth models of large scale and complicated shape with highly flexible modelling and no remeshing process. By using this approach, some numerical examples are analysed and appropriate results are obtained. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.