bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CE‐based simultaneous liquid‐phase noncompetitive enzyme immunoassay for three tumor markers in human serum using electrochemical detection
Authors: Zhang Shusheng , Li Xuemei , Zhang Fan 
Published: November 2007

AbstractA method for indirectly detecting horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was described by CE with electrochemical detection. Details of selection for optimum conditions were presented. The detection limit of free HRP was 1.09×10−12 M or 0.94 zmol (S/N = 3). A novel CE‐based liquid‐phase binding noncompetitive enzyme immunoassay (CE‐EIA) was developed. In this method, after the noncompetitive immunoreaction in liquid phase, the free enzyme (HRP)‐labeled antibody (Ab*) and the bound enzyme‐labeled complex (Ag–Ab*) were separated and then the system of HRP catalyzing H2O2/o‐aminophenol (OAP) reaction was adopted. Prostate specific antigen (PSA), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), and human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) in human serum samples were detected without any sample preparation, with the detection limits (S/N = 3) of 0.22, 0.17 and 0.30 ng/mL, respectively. This technique has been successfully applied to detect simultaneously PSA, CEA, and HCG in 12 min, upon adding these three antigens into human serum to simulate patient serum. It proves that the CE‐EIA technique proposed could be developed into a sensitive and new method for simultaneous clinical assay of multianalytes.
Assessment of protein‐incorporated arginine methylation in biological specimens by CZE UV‐detection
Authors: Zinellu Angelo , Sotgia Salvatore , Scanu Bastianina , Formato Marilena , Deiana Luca , Carru Ciriaco 
Published: November 2007

AbstractProtein arginine methyltransferases methylate post‐translationally arginine residues in proteins to synthesize monomethylarginine (MMA), asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), or symmetric dimethylarginine. Protein arginine methylation is involved in the regulation of signal transduction, RNA export, and cell proliferation. Moreover, upon proteolysis, arginines are released into the cytosol in which they exert important biological effects. Both MMA and ADMA are inhibitors of nitric oxide synthase and especially elevated levels of ADMA are associated with endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular disease. Quantification of these analytes is commonly performed by HPLC after sample cleanup and derivatization. We propose a CE method in which these steps have been avoided and the procedure for sample preparation has been simplified. After acidic hydrolysis of proteins, samples were dried, resuspended in water, and directly injected in CE. A baseline separation of analytes was reached in a 60 cm×75 μm id uncoated silica capillary, by using a Tris‐phosphate run buffer at pH 2.15. This method allows an accurate assessment of protein arginine methylation degree in different biological samples such as whole blood, plasma, red blood cells, cultured cells, and tissue. Moreover, its good sensitivity permits to evaluate the methylation of a single protein type after the opportune purification steps. A method applicability concerns both clinical laboratories, where the evaluation of blood protein from numerous samples could be rapidly performed, and research laboratories where the factors affecting the arginine protein methylation degree could be easily studied.
Analysis of urinary metabolites for metabolomic study by pressurized CEC
Authors: Xie Guoxiang , Su Mingming , Li Peng , Gu Xue , Yan Chao , Qiu Yunping , Li Houkai , Jia Wei 
Published: November 2007

AbstractA new approach for the metabolomic study of urinary samples using pressurized CEC (pCEC) with gradient elution is proposed as an alternative chromatographic separation tool with higher degree of resolution, selectivity, sensitivity, and efficiency. The pCEC separation of urinary samples was performed on a RP column packed with C18, 5 μm particles with an ACN/water mobile phase containing TFA. The effects of the acid modifiers, applied voltage, mobile phase, and detection wavelength were systematically evaluated using eight spiked standards, as well as urine samples. A typical analytical trial of urine samples from Sprague Dawley (S.D.) rats exposed to high‐energy diet was carried out following sample pretreatment. Significant differences in urinary metabolic profiles were observed between the high energy diet‐induced obesity rats and the healthy control rats at the 6th wk postdose. Multivariate statistical analysis revealed the differential metabolites in response to the diet, which were partially validated with the putative standards. This work suggests that such a pCEC‐based separation and analysis method may provide a new and cost‐effective platform for metabolomic study uniquely positioned between the conventional chromatographic tools such as HPLC, and hyphenated analytical techniques such as LC‐MS.
Separation and determination of metal cations in milk and dairy products by CE
Authors: Sze Kwan‐Lok , Yeung William Shu‐Biu , Fung Ying‐Sing 
Published: November 2007

AbstractTo prevent casein adsorption and improve between‐run repeatability, a CE procedure is developed for cation analysis in milk using a modified imidazole/α‐hydroxyisobutyric acid (HIBA) BGE system to operate at pH 6 to match the pH of milk and elevate imidazole concentration to enhance its buffer action. The procedure is shown to produce a fast, economic and efficient method for cation separation in milk with only simple dilution. Upon direct hydrodynamic injection of diluted milk sample at 8 cm for 30 s in an uncoated column with a BGE consisting of 10 mM imidazole, 10 mM HIBA and 10% methanol at pH 6.0 under +18 kV, baseline separation was achieved for K+, Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Mn2+, Cd2+, Co2+, Ni2+ and Zn2+. Agreeable results at 95% confidence level were obtained using CE and inductively coupled plasma‐atomic emission spectrometry (ICP‐AES) for milk samples after protein removal. Baseline‐resolved peaks for essential minerals were obtained for fresh and non‐refrigerated reconstituted milks. Long‐term stability was demonstrated by repeated determinations without rinsing and improvement in repeatability was shown by rinsing with 60 mM SDS in BGE. Information on metal speciation useful for nutritional assessment was obtained from CE to complement the ICP methods.
Environmental management systems: Benefit or burden?
Authors: Webber Graeme 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe development of environmental law and its impact on industrial and commercial activities in all sectors of the economy has encouraged companies to establish environmental policies and introduce effective environmental management systems and procedures. The British Standard BS7750 and the eco‐management and audit scheme both aim to identify key policy areas and draw up achievable aims and objectives with regard to environmental performance and management. The first draft for a British Standard for environmental management was published in June 1991 and described the mechanics of the system designed to achieve as a minimum, compliance with increasingly stringent environmental regulations and to comply with policy and the objectives of those businesses seeking certification. The system also aims to achieve better use of personal and financial resources. The system envisages a policy and commitment to achieving standards that exceed those of current environmental regulations. Compliance is to be assessed by means of internal environmental management reviews. The revised draft British Standard was published in January 1994. The European eco‐audit and management scheme (EMAS) also requires businesses to implement adequate management systems and certification arrangements to achieve and demonstrate compliance with the proposed internal environmental review element of the eco‐auditing procedure. Clearly, there is scope for the two complementary systems to help business manage environmental issues and perhaps improve environmental performance and reduce the effects on the environment as a whole. Copyright © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. and ERP Environment
The environmental management system in small‐ and medium‐sized enterprises using ISO 14000
Authors: O'Laoire Donal , Welford Richard 
Published: November 2007

AbstractA major opportunity to address the specific issues of environmental improvements in small‐and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs) is provided by the publication of the International Standard Organisation's new environmental management system (EMS) standard, ISO 14000. The standard sets out to provide some practical suggestions for implementing the EMS in a way which is focused on, and more appropriate to, SMEs. The issues to be addressed, the advice which will be provided in the standard and some practical suggestions for implementing and recognizing the EMS in SMEs are discussed. Copyright © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. and ERP Environment
Municipal eco‐auditing in Norway
Authors: Aall Carlo 
Published: November 2007

AbstractA model for municipal eco‐auditing based on three years of experience is to be tried out in nine municipalities in Norway. The model emphasizes the establishment of a results reporting system (environmental accounts) and controlling the return messages (eco‐audits). Environmental accounting and eco‐audits should include both municipal service‐delivering activities and planning in relation to the whole spectrum of environmental problems. Copyright © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. and ERP Environment
Yorkshire and humberside: Business and environmental regulation
Authors: Sykes Stephen 
Published: November 2007

AbstractAll environmental laws are important, but some are more important than others. Most businesses will not have the time or money to do absolutely everything, and it therefore makes sense to target those measures which will have the greatest impact. Drawing on data from the Yorkshire and Humberside region, this paper analyses the regulatory issues which are of critical importance for businesses. Copyright © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. and ERP Environment
Analysis of effects of contracts on the stability of dynamic power markets
Authors: Yan‐Bing Jia , Zheng Yan 
Published: November 2007

AbstractExperiences with operations of power markets show that contracts may affect stability of markets. Therefore, it is necessary to consider whether the market with bilateral contracts will lead to a stable equilibrium conditions after the market is exposed to certain kinds of disturbances. In this paper, the dynamic behaviour of power markets is expressed by differential/algebraic equations, and eigenvalue analysis is used to study effects of contracts on stability of the model. Results of the analysis show that suitable relative ratio of contracts can improve the stability of power markets and even make the unstable markets stable. On the other hand, unsuitable relative ratio of contracts may deteriorate the stability of markets. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Conservative and non‐conservative arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian forms for ventricular flows
Authors: Nordsletten D. A. , Hunter P. J. , Smith N. P. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractBlood flow through the heart is driven by a complex motion of the endocardial heart wall, where dilation or contraction results in filling and ejection. Boundary‐driven flows of this type are inherently sensitive to conservation principles. Considering the finite element approach to the arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian (ALE) form of the Navier–Stokes equations, we present analysis addressing critical assumptions concerning conservation and numerical approximation which affect the accuracy and stability of ALE schemes for boundary‐driven flows. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Transient free convection with mass transfer MHD micropolar fluid in a porous plate by the network method
Authors: Zueco Joaquín 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe transient problem of coupled heat and mass transfer of a micropolar fluid in magneto‐hydrodynamic free convection from a vertical infinite porous plate with an exponentially decaying heat generating considering the viscous dissipation and ohmic heating effects is studied. Joule heating must be considered when the viscous dissipation and the Prandtl number are large. The non‐dimensional equations for the conservation of mass, momentum, energy and concentration are solved by means a numerical technique based on electric analogy (network simulation method). This method provides the numerical response of the system by running the network in circuit resolution software with the solution to both transient and steady‐state problems at the same time, and its programming does not require manipulation of the sophisticated mathematical software that is inherent in other numerical methods. The effects of the material parameters, viscous dissipation, internal generation and Joule heating on velocity, angular momentum and temperature fields across the boundary layer are investigated. In addition, the skin‐friction coefficient, couple stress coefficient, Nusselt number and Sherwood number are shown in tabular form. The numerical results for velocity and temperature distributions of micropolar fluids are compared with the corresponding flow problems for a Newtonian fluid. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lifestyle‐ and diet‐related factors in late‐life depression—a 5‐year follow‐up of elderly European men: the FINE study
Authors: Bots Sinikka , Tijhuis Marja , Giampaoli Simona , Kromhout Daan , Nissinen Aulikki 
Published: November 2007

AbstractObjectiveLate‐life depression is one of the main health problems among elderly populations and a key element of healthy ageing. Causal relationships of lifestyle‐ and diet‐related factors in late‐life depression are unclear. This study investigates prospective associations of lifestyle‐ and diet‐related factors with development of categorically defined late‐life depression in a well‐documented population of elderly European men.Subjects and methodsAltogether 526 not‐demented and not‐depressed European men aged 70–89 at baseline were included in the analyses. The association of lifestyle‐related and dietary factors with development of categorically defined depression (> = 48/80 on the Zung Self‐rating Depression Scale) was assessed in a follow‐up of 5 years.ResultsEleven percent (n = 59) of the men developed depression during follow‐up. An independent association with development of depression was found for baseline depressive status [Odds Ratio (OR) 1.19, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.10–1.28, p < 0.001], a decline in serum total cholesterol level between study years (OR 1.76, 95%CI: 1.01–3.04, p = 0.045), physical activity (OR 0.97, 95%CI: 0.94–1.00, p = 0.022) and moderate alcohol intake (OR 0.35, 95%CI: 0.14–0.87, p = 0.023) but not for dietary factors.ConclusionsThis study of a well‐documented population of elderly European men confirms that physical activity and moderate alcohol consumption may protect against depression in the old‐old. Our results are the first to suggest that a decline in serum cholesterol level may predict development of late‐life depression. As the effects of age, medication and incipient cognitive decline could not be entirely ruled out; this finding must be interpreted with care. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spatial smoothing in fMRI using prolate spheroidal wave functions
Authors: Lindquist Martin A. , Wager Tor D. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe acquisition of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data in a finite subset of k‐space produces ring‐artifacts and ‘side lobes’ that distort the image. In this article, we explore the consequences of this problem for functional imaging studies, which can be considerable, and propose a solution. The truncation of k‐space is mathematically equivalent to convolving the underlying “true” image with a sinc function whose width is inversely related to the amount of truncation. Spatial smoothing with a large enough kernel can eliminate these artifacts, but at a cost in image resolution. However, too little spatial smoothing leaves the ringing artifacts and side lobes caused by k‐space truncation intact, leading to a potential decrease in signal‐to‐noise ratio and statistical power. Thus, to make use of the high‐resolution afforded by MRI without introducing artifacts, new smoothing filters are needed that are optimized to correct k‐space truncation‐related artifacts. We develop a prolate spheroidal wave function (PSWF) filter designed to eliminate truncation artifacts and compare its performance to the standard Gaussian filter in simulations and analysis of fMRI data on a visual‐motor task. The PSWF filter effectively corrected truncation artifacts and resulted in more sensitive detection of visual‐motor activity in expected brain regions, demonstrating its efficacy. Hum Brain Mapp 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Brain network dynamics during error commission
Authors: Stevens Michael C. , Kiehl Kent A. , Pearlson Godfrey D. , Calhoun Vince D. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractPrevious studies suggest that the anterior cingulate and other prefrontal brain regions might form a functionally‐integrated error detection network in the human brain. This study examined whole brain functional connectivity to both correct and incorrect button presses using independent component analysis (ICA) of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data collected from 25 adolescent and 25 adult healthy participants (ages 11–37) performing a visual Go/No‐Go task. Correct responses engaged a network comprising left lateral prefrontal cortex, left postcentral gyrus/inferior parietal lobule, striatum, and left cerebellum. In contrast, a similar network was uniquely engaged during errors, but this network was not integrated with activity in regions believed to be engaged for higher‐order cognitive control over behavior. A medial/dorsolateral prefrontal‐parietal neural network responded to all No‐Go stimuli, but with significantly greater activity to errors. ICA analyses also identified a third error‐related circuit comprised of anterior temporal lobe, limbic, and pregenual cingulate cortices, possibly representing an affective response to errors. There were developmental differences in error‐processing activity within many of these neural circuits, typically reflecting greater hemodynamic activation in adults. These findings characterize the spatial structure of neural networks underlying error commission and identify neurobiological differences between adolescents and adults. Hum Brain Mapp 2009. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cortical network dynamics during source memory retrieval: Current density imaging with individual MRI
Authors: Kim Young Youn , Roh Ah Young , Namgoong Yoon , Jo Hang Joon , Lee Jong‐Min , Kwon Jun Soo 
Published: November 2007

AbstractWe investigated the neural correlates of source memory retrieval using low‐resolution electromagnetic tomography (LORETA) with 64 channels EEG and individual MRI as a realistic head model. Event‐related potentials (ERPs) were recorded while 13 healthy subjects performed the source memory task for the voice of the speaker in spoken words. The source correct condition of old words elicited more positive‐going potentials than the correct rejection condition of new words at 400–700 ms post‐stimulus and the old/new effects also appeared in the right anterior region between 1,000 and 1,200 ms. We conducted source reconstruction at mean latencies of 311, 604, 793, and 1,100 ms and used statistical parametric mapping for the statistical analysis. The results of source analysis suggest that the activation of the right inferior parietal region may reflect retrieval of source information. The source elicited by the difference ERPs between the source correct and source incorrect conditions exhibited dynamic change of current density activation in the overall cortices with time during source memory retrieval. These results indicate that multiple neural systems may underlie the ability to recollect context. Hum Brain Mapp 2009. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Experimental design and interpretation of functional neuroimaging studies of cognitive processes
Authors: Caplan David 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThis article discusses how the relation between experimental and baseline conditions in functional neuroimaging studies affects the conclusions that can be drawn from a study about the neural correlates of components of the cognitive system and about the nature and organization of those components. I argue that certain designs in common use—in particular the contrast of qualitatively different representations that are processed at parallel stages of a functional architecture—can never identify the neural basis of a cognitive operation and have limited use in providing information about the nature of cognitive systems. Other types of designs—such as ones that contrast representations that are computed in immediately sequential processing steps and ones that contrast qualitatively similar representations that are parametrically related within a single processing stage—are more easily interpreted. Hum Brain Mapp 2009. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
New P‐ligands: 3‐(ethyl‐phenylphosphinato‐) 1,2,3,6‐tetrahydro‐ and 1,2,3,4,5,6‐hexahydrophosphinine derivatives
Authors: Sipos Melinda , Körtvélyesi Tamás , Ujj Viktória , Ludányi Krisztina , Vékey Károly , Tóke László , Keglevich György 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe trimethylaluminum‐mediated Michael addition of ethyl phenyl‐H‐phosphinate to 1,2‐dihydrophosphinine oxides (1A) yielded 3‐(EtOPhP(O))‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydrophosphinine oxides (4) in a selective manner, as a mixture of only two diastereomers. In the above type of reactions (e.g., in that of 1Aa and Ph2P(O)H), Me3Al could not be substituted by microwave irradiation due to low efficiency. Catalytic hydrogenation of the Michael adducts (4) led to 3‐(EtOPhP(O)‐1,2,3,4,5,6‐hexahydrophosphinine oxides 5, in the case of P‐phenyl substituent (5a), as a mixture of only two diastereomers, while in the instance of the P‐ethoxy derivative (5b), as a mixture of four isomers. Stereostructure of the products (5) was substantiated on the basis of analogies and stereospecific NMR couplings. The predominant conformations of compounds 4a, 4b, 5a, and 5b‐1 were determined by HF/6‐31G* calculations. Reduction of P(1)–Ph heterocycles 4a and 5a by phenylsilane resulted in monodeoxygenation to afford P‐ligands 6 and 8, respectively, that were protected as the corresponding phosphine boranes (7 and 9, respectively). © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 18:747–753, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20365
Gracilis free muscle transfer for morpho‐functional reconstruction of the lower lip
Authors: Cordova Adriana , D'Arpa Salvatore , Moschella Francesco 
Published: November 2007

AbstractBackground.Large full‐thickness defects of the lower lip need free tissue transfer. The free forearm flap is the more widespread technique for free flap lower lip reconstruction, but it results in a static lip. The authors describe a technique of morphodynamic sensate reconstruction of the lower lip with a free gracilis flap and a musculomucosal flap.Methods.Three patients underwent reconstruction with an innervated free muscular gracilis flap, an innervated musculo‐mucosal flap for the vermillion (2 cases), and a full‐thickness skin graft.Results.No significant complications were observed. Static function and vermillion sensitivity were immediately restored. The skin color match was excellent. After 9 months, contraction of the transferred muscle was evident.Conclusion.The lip is a dynamic unit. The innervated gracilis muscle seems ideal for lip reconstruction in that it correctly replaces all the lip layers and compensates for the lost function much better than a static technique. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2008