bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of hydrophilic starch‐based coatings on polyethylene surfaces
Authors: Patil Damodar R. , Fanta George F. , Felker Frederick C. , Salch John H. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractCoatings were applied to polyethylene (PE) film surfaces by spraying formulations prepared from a jet cooked dispersion of waxy cornstarch, a water‐born epoxy resin, a wax emulsion, and a fluorinated surfactant. The air‐dried coatings were comprised of discontinuous areas of polymer that adhered tightly to the PE surface. Although the starch component separated rapidly from the coating when the film was placed in water at room temperature, heating the coated film for 24 h at 80°C increased the adhesion of starch and produced a surface coating that remained uniformly wet when the film was placed in water. Most of the starch, however, could be still be removed by gently rubbing the wet surface. If melamine‐formaldehyde resin was added to the formulation as a crosslinking agent for starch, and the coated film was then heated for 24 h at 80°C, most of the starch remained bonded to the wet coating, even after the surface was gently rubbed. Identification of successful spray application techniques and formulations will allow the development of commercial production methods for starch‐coated PE films and similar products. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Response of benthic cave invertebrates to organic pollution events
Authors: Wood P. J. , Gunn J. , Rundle S. D. 
Published: February 2008

Abstract
Even though the fragility and vulnerability of subterranean ecosystems (caves, groundwater and hyporheic habitats) is widely acknowledged, the impacts of human disturbances have been poorly quantified when compared with surface waters. In particular, limited data exist regarding the impact of organic pollution upon aquatic cave invertebrate communities.
The Peak–Speedwell Cavern system (Derbyshire, UK) was affected by two organic pollution events, during a 7‐year study (1997–2003), originating from the same source in the surface catchment but resulting in markedly different ecological responses. The first event led to the elimination of most taxa from affected sites while the second resulted in an increase in abundance of organisms within the cave associated with the increased availability of trophic resources. The second event also coincided with the invasion of the stygophilic amphipod, Gammarus pulex, at a site where it had not previously been recorded.
Recovery of the invertebrate community following both organic pollution events occurred within 12 months. Recolonization of the affected sites was facilitated by annual flooding of the cave and by the presence of refugia on unaffected subterranean tributaries.
The data highlight the problems associated with the conservation and management of subterranean ecosystems where impacts in distant surface catchments may have unseen repercussions for the subterranean environment. Aquatic subterranean habitats are not widely monitored and the impacts of pollution/disturbance may not be detected in surface waters for some time, if at all, owing to dilution effects. Caves supporting obligate subterranean organisms (stygobites) are particularly vulnerable to these pressures and require clear management strategies to protect both the subterranean and surface catchments which support them.
Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of three types of adhesives in attaching coral transplants to clam shell substrates
Authors: Dizon Romeo M. , Edwards Alasdair J. , Gomez Edgardo D. 
Published: February 2008

Abstract
Nubbins from 12 coral species were transplanted onto dead giant clam shells at three sites in a lagoon near Bolinao, north‐western Philippines. Transplants were attached using three types of adhesives: cyanoacrylate glue (SG), epoxy putty (EP) and marine epoxy (ME) and were monitored over five months for detachment, in situ mortality and natural self‐attachment by tissue growth.
Corals attached with SG showed a significantly higher rate of detachment (logrank test) than those attached with either EP or ME (P<0.001 in each case). Also, those attached with EP showed a higher rate of detachment than corals attached with ME (logrank=6.46, P<0.05).
ANOVA (P>0.05) and survival analysis (logrank=2.85, P>0.05) showed no among‐adhesives differences in in situ mortality. Among the species used, Porites cylindrica, Pavona frondifera, Heliopora coerulea and Porites rus had the highest survivorship with 82%, 80%, 76% and 73%, respectively, of nubbins alive at the end of the experiment and also displayed the highest cumulative rates of self‐attachment. Species with the lowest survival rates included Acropora muricata and four pocilloporids.
Although there was no significant difference in the number of self‐attaching transplants among the adhesives, corals transplanted using ME and EP self‐attached earlier than those transplanted using SG (logrank=11.19, P<0.01).
Results from this study highlight the importance of selecting the appropriate means of attaching corals to substrates and carefully considering species‐specific traits of candidate corals for transplantation.
Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Die neue Traunbrücke in Siegsdorf. Entwurf und Konstruktion einer vorgespannten integralen Zweifeldbrücke
Authors: Fuchs Maximilian , Dannhorn Thomas 
Published: February 2008

AbstractIm Zuge der Neugestaltung des zentralen innerörtlichen Verkehrsknotens in Siegsdorf/Oberbayern wurde die alte Brücke über die Weiße Traun durch einen Neubau ersetzt. Aufgrund der komplexen Randbedingungen aus verkehrlichen und wasserwirtschaftlichen Vorgaben wurde ein innovatives Tragwerkskonzept für das Brückenbauwerk erforderlich. Nach einer umfangreichen Entwurfsphase mit Grenzfallbetrachtungen und einer Optimierung der Bauteilabmessungen kam eine vorgespannte integrale Zweifeldbrücke mit Plattenquerschnitt und starker einseitiger Aufweitung als technisch und wirtschaftlich sinnvolle sowie gestalterisch sehr ansprechende Lösung zur Ausführung.
Neubau der Saalebrücke Jena Süd. Technik einer außergewöhnlichen Taktschiebebrücke
Authors: Becker Manfred , Kinkel Horst , Martin Rainer , Neuser Jens U. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractDer Bau der Saalebrücke Jena Süd stellte aufgrund eines außergewöhnlichen Entwurfs und komplizierten Randbedingungen hohe Anforderungen an die beteiligten Firmen. Durch innovative Baubehelfe sowie konsequente Planung und Arbeitsvorbereitung konnte diese schwierige Bauaufgabe termin‐ und qualitätsgerecht gelöst werden.
Terpenoids and Sterols from Saussurea cauloptera
Authors: Wang Xiu‐Ran , Wu Quan‐Xiang , Shi Yan‐Ping 
Published: February 2008

AbstractA total of 27 natural products were isolated from Saussurea cauloptera, including two new eudesmane‐type sesquiterpenoids, the gerin derivatives 2 and 3, and one new ent‐labdane diterpenoid, compound 9. The known compounds included six sesquiterpenoids, eleven triterpenoids, six sterols, and one lignan. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic and mass‐spectrometric analyses, as well as by X‐ray crystallography in the case of gerin (1). The structurally related compounds 1–4 were found to exhibit strong inhibitory activities against human gastric carcinoma (SGC‐7901) cells.
Terpenoid Compositions, and Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Properties of the Rhizome Essential Oils of Different Hedychium Species
Authors: Joshi Sushil , Chanotiya Chandan Singh , Agarwal Garima , Prakash Om , Pant Anil K. , Mathela Chandra S. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractA phytochemical study of the rhizome essential oils of four different Hedychium species was performed by means of GC and GC/MS analyses. H. ellipticum mainly contained 1,8‐cineole, sabinene, and terpin‐4‐ol, while H. aurantiacum possessed terpin‐4‐ol, para‐cymene, and bornyl acetate as the major entities. Similarly, trans‐meta‐mentha‐2,8‐diene and linalool were noticed in H. coronarium. Three different collections (I–III) of H. spicatum showed amazing differences in the relative contents of their essential oils, 1,8‐cineole and 10‐epi‐γ‐eudesmol being identified as markers for samples I and II, terpin‐4‐ol and sabinene being the major compounds in sample III. The rhizome essential oils of the above species were studied for their antioxidant activities by different methods, including their effect on the chelating properties of Fe2+, DPPH radical‐scavenging activity, and reducing power. Antimicrobial screenings of the oils by the paper‐disc method were performed against Staphylococcus aureus, Shigella flexneri, Pasteurella multocida, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella enterica enterica, and the respective minimum‐inhibitory‐concentration (MIC) values were determined. The rhizome essential oils from all Hedychium species exhibited moderate‐to‐good Fe2+ chelating activity. H. spicatum from collection site III showed a completely different DPPH radical‐scavenging profile than the samples from the other collection sites.
Fungal Transformation of Dydrogesterone and Inhibitory Effect of Its Metabolites on the Respiratory Burst in Human Neutrophils
Authors: Choudhary M. Iqbal , Azizuddin  , Jalil Saima , Musharraf Syed Ghulam , Atta‐ur‐Rahman  
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe biotransformation of the synthetic hormone dydrogesterone (1) by a number of fungal strains – including Cephalosporium aphidicola, Rhizopus stolonifer, Cunninghamella elegans, and Fusarium lini – afforded ten different metabolites, compounds 2–11. From a structural point of view, these transformations involved a combination of hydroxylation, oxidation, reduction, and/or epoxidation. The pregnane‐based metabolites 10 and 11 are new compounds. All the known compounds were obtained for the first time from 1 by fungal transformation. The metabolites 3, 5, and 8 showed more‐potent respiratory‐burst inhibitory activity than the substrate 1 in a neutrophil‐based cellular assay (Table 3).
Phytochemical and Biological Investigation of Hymenocallis littoralisSalisb.
Authors: Abou‐Donia Amina H. , Toaima Soad M. , Hammoda Hala M. , Shawky Eman , Kinoshita Eri , Takayama Hiromitsu 
Published: February 2008

AbstractA phytochemical investigation of the bulbs and flowers of Hymenocallis littoralis Salisb., cultivated in Egypt, was carried out, which resulted in the isolation of four alkaloids, lycorine (1), hippeastrine (2), 11‐hydroxyvittatine (3), and (+)‐8‐O‐demethylmaritidine (4), and of two flavonoids, quercetin 3′‐O‐glucoside (5), and rutin (6). The volatile constituents of the plant flowers were analyzed for the first time by GC/MS, which led to the identification of 26 known compounds (Table 1). Finally, the antimicrobial activity of the petroleum ether extract of the flowers of H. littoralis was investigated.
Larvicidal Effects of Fungal Meroterpenoids in the Control of Aedes aegypti L., the Main Vector of Dengue and Yellow Fever
Authors: Geris Regina , Rodrigues‐Fo Edson , Garcia da Silva Heloísa Helena , Garcia da Silva Ionizete 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe mosquito Aedes aegypti is an increasing problem of public health, being the vector responsible for dengue and Yellow Fever in tropical and subtropical regions. The aim of this work was to determine the potential larvicidal activity of a series of meroterpenoids, compounds 1–7, previously obtained fungal secondary metabolites from Penicillium sp., against the third‐instar larvae of A. aegypti. The lethal concentrations (LC50 and LC90) of 1–7 were evaluated 24 h after exposure. Dehydroaustin (4) was the most active meroterpenoid in the series, with an LC50 value of 2.9 ppm, making it an attractive natural insecticide.
Aldose‐Reductase‐ and Protein‐Glycation‐Inhibitory Principles from the Whole Plant ofDuchesnea chrysantha
Authors: Kim Jong Min , Jang Dae Sik , Lee Yun Mi , Yoo Jeong Lim , Kim Young Sook , Kim Joo‐Hwan , Kim Jin Sook 
Published: February 2008

AbstractEllagic acid (1), 3,3′‐di‐O‐methylellagic acid (2), 3,3′,4‐tri‐O‐methylellagic acid (3), isovitexin (4), kaempferol 3‐O‐β‐D‐glucuronide methyl ester (5), quercetin 3‐O‐α‐L‐arabinopyranosyl‐(1→6)‐β‐D‐galactopyranoside (6), ursolic acid, pomolic acid, tormentic acid, euscaphic acid, euscaphic acid 28‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside, and maslinic acid were isolated from the AcOEt‐ and BuOH‐soluble MeOH extract ofDuchesnea chrysantha(whole plant). The isolates were subjected toin vitrobioassays to evaluate their inhibitory activity on rat‐lens aldose reductase (RLAR) and formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). The ellagic acids and flavonoids, compounds1–6, exhibited moderate inhibitory effects on RLAR. However, compounds1and4–6showed excellent inhibitory activities towards the formation of AGEs. This is the first report that4and6exhibit inhibitory activity towards AR and AGEs formation.
Site‐Specific Protein Modification on Living Cells Catalyzed by Sortase
Authors: Tanaka Tsutomu , Yamamoto Teruyasu , Tsukiji Shinya , Nagamune Teruyuki 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe use of enzymes is a promising approach for site‐specific protein modification on living cells owing to their substrate specificity. Herein we describe a general strategy for the site‐specific modification of cell surface proteins with synthetic molecules by using Sortase, a transpeptidase from Staphylococcus aureus. The short peptide tag LPETGG is genetically introduced to the C terminus of the target protein, expressed on the cell surface. Subsequent addition of Sortase and an N‐terminal triglycine‐containing probe results in the site‐specific labeling of the tagged protein. We were successful in the C‐terminal‐specific labeling of osteoclast differentiation factor (ODF) with a biotin‐ or fluorophore‐containing short peptide on the living cell surface. The labeling reaction occurred efficiently in serum‐containing medium, as well as serum‐free medium or PBS. The labeled products were detected after incubation for 5 min. In addition, site‐specific protein–protein conjugation was successfully demonstrated on a living cell surface by the Sortase‐catalyzed reaction. This strategy provides a powerful tool for cell biology and cell surface engineering.
Modelling Amphetamine/Receptor Interactions: A Gas‐Phase Study of Complexes Formed between Amphetamine and Some Chiral Amido[4]resorcinarenes
Authors: Botta Bruno , Tafi Andrea , Caporuscio Fabiana , Botta Maurizio , Nevola Laura , D'Acquarica Ilaria , Fraschetti Caterina , Speranza Maurizio 
Published: February 2008

AbstractDiastereomeric proton‐bound complexes formed between (R)‐ and (S)‐amphetamine and some chiral amido[4]resorcinarene receptors display significant enantioselectivities when reacting with the enantiomers of 2‐aminobutane in the gas phase. The origins of the measured enantioselectivities are discussed in the light of molecular mechanics calculations and molecular dynamics simulations and are ascribed to a combination of structural and dynamic factors, including the lengths and the isomeric structures of the host asymmetric pendants and the frequencies and amplitudes of their motion, as well as those of the proton‐bonded amphetamine guests. The emerging picture may represent a starting point for deeper comprehension of the factors determining the different affinities of (R)‐ and (S)‐amphetamine towards various chiral receptors, their selective binding to the monoamine transporters, and their sensitivity to specific inorganic ions.
Synthesis and Photoinduced Electron‐Transfer Properties of Phthalocyanine–[60]Fullerene Conjugates
Authors: Quintiliani Maurizio , Kahnt Axel , Wölfle Thorsten , Hieringer Wolfgang , Vázquez Purificación , Görling Andreas , Guldi Dirk M. , Torres Tomás 
Published: February 2008

AbstractA series of three novel ZnPc–C60 conjugates (Pc=phthalocyanine) 1 a–c bearing different spacers (single, double, and triple bond) between the two electroactive moieties was synthesized and compared to that of ZnPc–C60 conjugate 2, in which the two electroactive moieties are linked directly. The synthetic strategy— towards the preparation of 1 a–c— involved palladium‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reactions over a monoiodophthalocyanine precursor 4 to introduce the corresponding spacer, and subsequent dipolar cycloaddition reaction to C60. Detailed photophysical investigations of 1 a–c and 2 prompted an intramolecular electron transfer that evolves from the photoexcited ZnPc to the electron‐accepting C60. In particular, with the help of femtosecond laser photolysis charge separation was indeed confirmed as the major deactivation channel. Complementary time‐dependent density functional calculations supported the spectral assignment, namely, the spectral identity of the ZnPc.+ radical cation and the C60.− radical anion as seen in the differential absorption spectra. The lifetimes of the correspondingly formed radical ion‐pair states depend markedly on the solvent polarity: they increase as polarity decreases. Similarly, although to a lesser extent, the nature of the linker impacts the lifetime of the radical ion‐pair states. In general, the lifetimes of these states tend to be shortest in the system that lacks any spacer at all (2), whereas the longest lifetimes were found in the system that carries the triple‐bond spacer (1 a).
A General Synthesis of Diarylketones by Means of a Three‐Component Cross‐Coupling of Aryl and Heteroaryl Bromides, Carbon Monoxide, and Boronic acids
Authors: Neumann Helfried , Brennführer Anne , Beller Matthias 
Published: February 2008

AbstractPd(OAc)2/di‐1‐adamantyl‐n‐butylphosphine (cataCXium A) is highly active in the three‐component Suzuki carbonylation and represents the most general catalyst system reported up to now. A broad range of aryl/heteroaryl bromides and aryl boronic acids can be coupled to the corresponding diarylketones at low catalyst loadings.
Estimation of optoelectronic conversion functions of imaging devices without using gray samples
Authors: Shen Hui‐Liang , Xin John H. , Yang Dong‐Xiao , Lou Dong‐Wu 
Published: February 2008

AbstractIn the colorimetric or spectral characterization of imaging devices such as digital cameras and scanners, the optoelectronic conversion functions (OECFs) are traditionally obtained from standard gray samples. However, these gray samples are sometimes unavailable when conducting color characterization. We propose an efficient method for recovering OECFs by using nongray samples, based on the finite‐dimensional modeling of spectral reflectance and the second‐order polynomial fitting of OECFs. Experimental results indicate that the accuracy of the estimated OECFs are close to those obtained from gray samples, with the correlation coefficients R2larger than 0.995. The proposed method should be useful in colorimetric and spectral characterization of imaging devices by using custom‐made color samples in textile or other industries, when standard gray samples are not available and not easily made. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 33, 135–141, 2008
NIST 0:45 reflectometer
Authors: Nadal Maria E. , Early Edward A. , Weber Will , Bousquet Robert 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe NIST 0:45 reflectometer measures the spectral reflectance factor at an influx angle of 0° and an efflux angle of 45° of colored, nonfluorescent specimens at room temperature, with widths ranging from 3 to 10 cm and heights from 3 to 20 cm and with an uncertainty of less than 0.5 in color difference units. Published in 2008 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Col Res Appl, 33, 94–99, 2008
Color analysis of natural colorant‐dyed fabrics
Authors: Yi Eunjou , Cho Ju‐Yeon 
Published: February 2008

AbstractColors from naturally dyed fabrics recently have attracted both consumers and manufacturers in fashion markets. Even though color attributes of the fabrics have been partially observed in some literature, a data base of colors for natural colorants in fabrics needs to be established and the colors to be characterized according to systematic color notations and tones in order to relate the traditional natural colors to contemporary color communication systems. Therefore, a study was performed to investigate color characteristics for a given large set of natural colorants‐dyed fabrics based on the Munsell color notations, to analyze their tones with relation to the notation such as hue, value, and chroma, and finally to identify the effects of mordanting, an important coloring auxiliary, on the colorimetric properties of the fabrics. As a result, the dominant hue for a total of 350 naturally dyed fabrics was yellowish families followed by reddish and purplish ones in the Munsell notation owing to the use of leaves and plant as usual natural dyestuff, which confirms the limit of color hues of the fabrics. Color value for most of naturally dyed fabrics was generally higher whereas the chroma was lower, which means that most of colors for naturally dyed fabrics tended to be bright and weak shaded. Grayish, light grayish, and soft tones were the main tones of natural colorant‐dyed fabrics. All of hue, value, and chroma were found as being influenced by mordanting in that more particularly; iron mordanting was likely to cause the decrease of both value and chroma for most of naturally dyed fabrics. These results could provide a systematic color data for naturally dyed fashion fabrics and suggest a future direction of color development for them. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 33, 148–157, 2008
The representation of colors in spherical space
Authors: Leonov Yurii P. , Sokolov Evgenii N. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractColor scaling experiments have established that perceived colors are distributed on the surface of a hypersphere in spherical space. A formal mathematical model of the color space is defined. Color differences as estimated by an observer are equal to the chord distance between corresponding points on the surface in spherical space. In one mathematical model are united: brightness, saturation, and hue as expressed in the empirical Munsell and NCS systems; complementary colors; large color differences; and contrast effects that are not represented in other models. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 33, 113–124, 2008.