bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of HIV drug resistance at antiretroviral treatment failure across regions of Russia
Authors: Ozhmegova Ekaterina , Lebedev Aleksey , Antonova Anastasiia , Kuznetsova Anna , Kazennova Elena , Kim Kristina , Tumanov Aleksandr , Bobkova Marina 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to investigate mutations associated with, the causes of, and the conditions that contribute to HIV drug resistance (DR). This research provides crucial insights into the mechanisms through which HIV evades antiretroviral drugs and suggests strategies to counter this phenomenon. Our objective was to assess the prevalence and structure of DR in HIV‐1 across various regions in Russia and identify the primary factors influencing the development of HIV DR.MethodsThe study used nucleotide sequences from the HIV‐1 pol gene obtained from 1369 patients with a history of therapy and virological failure between 2005 and 2019 to analyze the frequency and structure of DR and the factors associated with it.ResultsThe analysed HIV‐1 genotypes included viruses resistant to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs; 11.8%), non‐nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs; 6.4%), and NRTIs + NNRTIs (31.7%). The mutations M184V/I and G190A/S/E were the most prevalent, accounting for 54.5% and 26.6%, respectively. The dominance of multiple DR persisted throughout the entire observation period. The likelihood of encountering drug‐resistant variants was increased among men, patients in the late stage of infection, and those with a viral load <30 000 RNA copies/mL. Injection drug use was not associated with DR.ConclusionThis study has yielded new insights into HIV DR in Russia, offering valuable information to identify clinical or programmatic events warranting closer attention and support.
Noncriteria antiphospholipid antibodies in antiphospholipid syndrome
Authors: Devreese Katrien M. J. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAntiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an autoimmune disease characterized by thrombotic manifestations and/or obstetric complications in patients with persistently positive antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL). aPL are a heterogeneous group of autoantibodies, but only lupus anticoagulant, anticardiolipin (aCL), and antibeta2‐glycoprotein I antibodies (aβ2GPI) IgG or IgM are included as laboratory classification criteria. Seronegative APS patients are usually defined as patients with the clinical symptoms of APS but who test negative for aPL. The negativity to classic aPL criteria does not exclude the presence of other aPL. Several noncriteria aPL have been identified. Some noncriteria aPL are well studied, such as IgA aCL and aβ2GPI, the antiphosphatidylserine‐prothrombin (aPS/PT) antibodies, and the antibodies against the domain I of beta2‐glycoprotein I (aDI), both latter groups receiving more attention for their role in thrombotic events and pregnancy complications. Other noncriteria aPL that have been studied are antibodies against annexin V, prothrombin, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidic acid, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylinositol, vimentin‐cardiolipin complex, anti‐protein S/protein C. Measurement of some of these noncriteria aPL (aPS/PT, aDI) is useful in the laboratory work‐out of APS in specific situations. We have to differentiate between patients who are positive for noncriteria aPL only, and patients who have both criteria and noncriteria aPL to enable us to study their role in the diagnosis or risk stratification of APS. The research on noncriteria aPL is continually developing as the clinical relevance of these antibodies is not yet fully clarified.
Epidemiology and clinical significance of carbapenemases in Australia: a narrative review
Authors: Aslan Abdullah Tarik , Paterson David L. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractCarbapenemase‐producing gram‐negative bacteria (CP‐GNB) infections threaten public health with high mortality, morbidity and treatment costs. Although frequencies remain low in Australia (total number of CP‐GNB infections reported was 907 in 2022), blaIMP‐4 has established low levels of endemicity in many states. Imipenemase metallo‐β‐lactamase types alone accounted for more than half of all carbapenemases in carbapenemase‐producing Enterobacterales isolates in Australia, particularly in Enterobacter cloacae complex. New Delhi metallo‐β‐lactamase constitutes almost 25% of all carbapenemases in Australia and was identified predominantly in Escherichia coli. The OXA‐48‐like carbapenemases include almost 10% of all carbapenemases and are mainly seen in Klebsiella pneumoniae and E. coli. Although K. pneumoniae carbapenemase‐type carbapenemases are rare in Australia, some local outbreaks have occurred. Most carbapenem‐resistant (CR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains in Australia do not produce carbapenemases. Finally, OXA‐23‐like carbapenemases are overwhelmingly positive in CR‐Acinetobacter baumannii strains in Australia. Treatment of CR‐GNB infections challenges physicians. Of 10 new antibiotics active against at least some CR‐GNB infections that are approved by the US Food and Drug Administration, just three are approved for use in Australia. In this context, there is still an unmet need for novel antibacterials that can be used for the treatment of CR‐GNB infections in Australia, as well as a pressing requirement for new mechanisms to ‘de‐link’ antibiotic sales from their availability. In this narrative review, we aim to overview the epidemiology and clinical significance of carbapenem resistance in Australia as it pertains to Enterobacterales, P. aeruginosa and A. baumannii.
Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum 1792) adenocarcinoma investigation with various diagnostic imaging techniques
Authors: Hoitsy Márton , Hoitsy György , Gál János , Ziszisz Árisz , Tóth Tamás , Sós Endre , Sós‐Koroknai Viktória , Jakab Csaba , Petneházy Örs , Donkó Tamás , Molnár Tamás , Marosán Miklós 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDiagnostic imaging techniques provide a new aspect of the ante‐mortem and post‐mortem diagnostics in fish medicine. Ultrasonography, computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can provide more information about the internal organs and pathognomic lesions. The authors used diagnostic imaging techniques to evaluate and describe the neoplastic malformation in a 3‐year‐old female rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). The fish was examined with Siemens Somatom Definition AS + CT scanner and Siemens Biograph mMR scanner. The animal was lethargic and showed anorectic signs and muscular dystrophy. During the post‐mortem investigation, histopathology and immunohistochemistry were also performed allowing us to identify the neoplasms. The results showed a large soft tissue mass in the first mid‐intestine segment, which proved to be an adenocarcinoma. This subsequently led to digestion problems and absorption disorders. Immunohistochemically, neoplastic cells of carcinoma revealed E‐cadherin and pancytokeratin positivity. This is the first study to report the use of MRI and CT for studying gastrointestinal adenocarcinoma in rainbow trout.
Intestinal strangulation in farmed Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua): Pathological changes and possible predisposing anatomical features
Authors: Skedsmo Fredrik Strebel , Løkka Guro , Chikwati Elvis , Jacobsen Julianne Valla , Espenes Arild , Kortner Trond M. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDuring recent years, there has been a renewed interest in establishing farming of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) in Norway. However, a fatal abdominal disorder compromises animal welfare and causes economic losses. A similar problem was present during a previous attempt to establish Atlantic cod farming more than a decade ago. In this paper, we provide the first in‐depth description of this intestinal disorder, which is correctly denoted ‘strangulating obstruction’. In affected fish, part of the intestine is permanently entrapped (incarcerated) under fibrous strands in the mesentery. The entrapment interferes with blood flow and physically blocks the intestine, causing a strangulating obstruction with severe venous congestion and ischemia of the intestinal wall. Furthermore, comparison of macroscopical and histological anatomy of farmed and wild Atlantic cod is presented and risk factors associated with the anatomical differences are discussed.
Effective keloid management using a combinatorial continuous‐wave and repeat fractionated ablative CO2 laser regimen
Authors: Arellano‐Huacuja Aristides 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundKeloids are benign proliferative scars that form as a result of dysregulated growth and collagen deposition in response to cutaneous injury. Laser therapies have emerged as promising options for the treatment of keloids, with performance varying by laser type and lesion characteristics.PurposeTo assess the combined continuous wave and repetitive fractionated CO2 laser treatment of keloids.MethodsA retrospective chart review of 22 cases of keloid scars treated with combined CO2 laser modes. A single session of continuous wave followed by five sessions of fractional delivery. Efficacy was assessed using the Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale (POSAS) and the Vancouver Scar Scale. The Numeric Rating Scale was used to assess patient satisfaction and pain.ResultsMost patients were female (77.3%) with skin type IV (72.7%), age was 24.3 ± 9.3 years, most keloids were located on the earlobe (56.5%) or arm or hand (17.4%), size ranged from 5 to 10 cm, and time since injury ranged from 3 months to 35 years. No serious adverse events were reported. At 6 months, significant improvements from baseline occurred in all characteristics, scar color (4.8 ± 2.8 to 1.9 ± 1.1), rigidity (5.0 ± 2.8 vs. 5.4 ± 2.8), thickness (5.4 ± 2.8 vs. 2.0 ± 1.1), and irregularity (5.9 ± 2.4 vs. 1.9 ± 0.9). The Vancouver scores followed a similar trend. Patient‐rated overall improvement from 37 ± 17.6 at baseline to 16.1 ± 8.5 at 6 months, and improvement in associated pain and pruritus.ConclusionCombination of two ablative laser delivery modes within a single laser platform provided for effective and safe keloid management and left patients highly satisfied.
Malignant transformation and subsequent leptomeningeal carcinomatosis of a gastric polyp in a dog
Authors: Didehvar Dillon S. , Lanza Matthew R. , Atherton Matthew J. , Lenz Jennifer A. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractProgressive carcinogenesis of a gastric polyp with transformation to gastric adenocarcinoma and subsequent development of leptomeningeal carcinomatosis is described in an adult male Scottish terrier. Presenting clinical signs consisted of vomiting with intermittent hematemesis. Surgical biopsies over the course of 14 months documented the progression from gastric polyp to minimally invasive gastric carcinoma to invasive gastric adenocarcinoma, a pathogenesis not previously documented in veterinary oncology. The patient ultimately developed neurologic pathology and was euthanized, and necropsy evaluation identified widespread carcinomatosis with accompanying leptomeningeal metastasis. As in humans, gastric polyps in dogs rarely have malignant potential.
Utility of by‐products of black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens) production as feed ingredients for Pacific Whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)
Authors: Fricke Enno , Saborowski Reinhard , Slater Matthew James 
Published: April 2024

AbstractProjected growth in insect production as alternative feedstuffs will yield novel by‐products that are potentially valuable for aquafeed applications. We analyzed the nutrient composition of three by‐products occurring from black soldier fly larvae production (exuvia, cocoon, imago) and the bioavailability of key nutrients for Pacific Whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). Protein accounted for 317 g kg−1 in exuviae, 433 g kg−1 in cocoons, and up to 521 g kg−1 in adult flies (imagines). Considerable amounts of essential amino acids were detected in imago meal, which significantly matched the ideal dietary amino acid composition for penaeid shrimp (r2 = 0.66, p = 0.0076). Exuviae and cocoons contained moderate amounts of lipids (64–140 g kg−1), while imagines comprised 356 g kg−1 total lipid. Saturated fatty acids predominated in all insect materials (47%–83% of total fatty acids). Chitin concentration was highest in cocoons and exuviae (154 and 139 g kg−1) and low in imagines (51 g kg−1). A feeding trial with shrimp, L vannamei, revealed apparent digestibility coefficients of 20%–59% for protein, 24%–54% for energy, 25%–49% for carbon, and 27%–68% for copper. Defatting of imago meal increased the digestibility of protein, energy, and carbon by 77%, 64%, and 61%, respectively. Defatted imago meal can serve as a protein supplement for shrimp diets.
Utilization of Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) and its linkages with undernutrition in India
Authors: Singh Shri K. , Chauhan Alka , Alderman Harold , Avula Rasmi , Dwivedi Laxmi K. , Kapoor Rati , Meher Trupti , Menon Purnima , Nguyen Phuong H. , Pedgaonker Sarang , Puri Parul , Chakrabarti Suman 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) programme has been the central focus of the POSHAN Abhiyaan to combat maternal and child malnutrition under the national nutrition mission in India. This paper examined the linkages between utilization of ICDS and underweight among children aged 6–59 months. The study utilized data from two recent rounds of the National Family Health Survey (NFHS‐4 [2015–2016] and NFHS‐5 [2019–2021]). Descriptive analyses were used to assess the change in utilization of ICDS and the prevalence of underweight at the national and state levels. Multivariable logistic regressions were performed to examine factors associated with the utilization of ICDS and underweight. Linkages between utilization of ICDS and underweight were examined using the difference‐in‐differences (DID) approach. Utilization of ICDS increased from 58% in 2015–2016 to 71% in 2019–2021. The prevalence of underweight decreased from 37% to 32% in the same period. Changes in ICDS utilization and underweight prevalence varied considerably across states, socioeconomic and demographic characteristics. Results from decomposition of DID models suggest that improvements in ICDS explained 9%–12% of the observed reduction in underweight children between 2016 and 2021, suggesting that ICDS made a modest but meaningful contribution in addressing undernutrition among children aged 6–59 months in this period.
A comparison of function lumen imaging probe measurements of anal sphincter function in fecal incontinence
Authors: O'Connor Alexander , Liao Donghua , Drewes Asbjørn Mohr , Sharma Abhiram , Vasant Dipesh H. , McLaughlin John , Kiff Edward , Telford Karen 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe functional lumen imaging probe (FLIP) is a test of anal sphincter distensibility under evaluation by specialist centers. Two measurement protocols termed “stepwise” and “ramp” are used, risking a lack of standardization. This study aims to compare the performance of these protocols to establish if there are differences between them.MethodsPatients with fecal incontinence were recruited and underwent measurement with both protocols at a tertiary pelvic floor referral unit. Differences in minimum diameter, FLIP bag pressure, and distensibility index (DI) at rest and during squeeze were calculated at various FLIP bag volumes.Key ResultsTwenty patients (19 female, mean age 61 [range: 38–78]) were included. The resting minimum diameter at 30 and 40 mL bag volumes were less in the stepwise protocol (mean bias: −0.55 mm and −1.18 mm, p < 0.05) along with the DI at the same bag volumes (mean bias: −0.37 mm2/mmHg and −0.55 mm2/mmHg, p < 0.05). There was also a trend towards greater bag pressures at 30 mL (mean bias: +2.08 mmHg, p = 0.114) and 40 mL (mean bias: +2.81 mmHg, p = 0.129) volumes in the stepwise protocol. There were no differences between protocols in measurements of minimum diameter, maximum bag pressure, or DI during voluntary squeeze (p > 0.05).Conclusion and InferencesThere are differences between the two commonly described FLIP measurement protocols at rest, although there are no differences in the assessment of squeeze function. Consensus agreement is required to agree the most appropriate FLIP measurement protocol in assessing anal sphincter function.
Circular RNA ath‐circ032768, a competing endogenous RNA, response the drought stress by targeting miR472‐RPS5 module
Authors: Yin Z. , Zhao Q. , Lv X. , Zhang X. , Wu Y. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

CircRNAs (circular RNAs) reduce the abundance of miRNAs through ceRNA (competing endogenous RNA), to regulate many physiological processes and stress responses in plants. However, the role of circRNA in drought stress is poorly understood.

Through ring identification and sequencing verification of ath‐circ032768, bioinformatics analysis predicted the interaction of ath‐circ032768–miR472‐RPS5, and further obtained transgenic plants overexpressing ath‐circ032768 and silencing STTM‐miR472. The change in drought stress was analysed using biochemical and molecular biological methods.

Sequencing and biological analysis confirmed that ath‐circ032768, miR472 and RPS5 were responsive to drought stress, and changes in gene expression were consistent with the prediction of ceRNA. The silencing vectors ath‐circ032768 and STTM‐miR472 were constructed using molecular biology techniques, and stable transgenic plants with drought tolerance obtained. Further physiological and biochemical studies showed that ath‐circ032768 could bind to miR472, and that miR472 could bind to the RPS5 gene, resulting in decreased expression of RPS5. Hence, ath‐circ032768 can competitively inhibit degradation of RPS5 by miR472 through ceRNA. This process is accompanied by increased expression of DREB2A, RD29A and RD29B genes.

Through the ath‐circ032768–miR472‐RPS5 pathway, the RPS5 stress resistance protein interacts with DREB2A protein to enhance expression of downstream drought resistance genes, RD29A and RD29B, and participate in the regulation mechanism of plant drought resistance, thereby improving drought tolerance of plants.
European identity's effect on immigration attitudes: Testing the predictions of the common Ingroup identity model versus ingroup projection model
Authors: Curtis K. Amber 
Published: April 2024

AbstractA superordinate identity unites different subgroups into an overarching, common one. But does superordinate identification then improve or worsen attitudes towards the former outgroup? The common ingroup identity model (CIIM) asserts that recategorization ameliorates outgroup bias by reducing perceptions of intergroup threat. It predicts that superordinate identification will improve intergroup relations by promoting tolerance and acceptance of diversity. In contrast, the ingroup project model (IPM) asserts that identifying superordinately will actually exacerbate outgroup bias because ingroup members naturally project their own characteristics onto the superordinate category and will more strongly dislike the former outgroup for not fitting the “correct” superordinate prototype. Existing evidence—largely drawn from psychology lab experiments, not real‐world situations—suggests both models can be correct insofar as ingroup projection only occurs under certain conditions. In that case, which model is correct for European identity? Results from original survey data collected in three European countries (Germany, Poland, and the United Kingdom) show that increased identification with Europe is almost always associated with more favorable attitudes towards outgroup immigrants, even among those most likely to engage in ingroup projection. Future research should continue to investigate when and why this inclusivity does—and does not—hold.
Lithophyllum nagaokaense sp. nov. (Corallinales, Corallinophycidae, Rhodophyta): A new rhodolith‐forming non‐geniculate coralline alga from Japan
Authors: Min‐Khant‐Kyaw  , Kato Aki , Kurashima Akira , Liao Lawrence M. , Baba Masasuke 
Published: April 2024

SUMMARYLithophyllum is a cosmopolitan coralline algal genus with 12 species currently recognized in Japan based on modern morpho‐anatomical taxonomic concepts primarily characterized by having uniporate tetrasporangial and bisporangial conceptacles, the presence of secondary pit‐connections between cells of adjacent filaments and a dimerous thallus construction with a single basal layer of predominantly non‐palisade cells. In the present study, we describe Lithophyllum nagaokaense sp. nov. based on a combination of molecular and morpho‐anatomical data of specimens from the temperate waters of Japan. The new species forms both attached epilithic thalli and free‐living rhodoliths. Phylogenetic analyses of psbA, rbcL and COI markers resolved L. nagaokaense as an independent species. Morpho‐anatomically, L. nagaokaense resembles Lithophyllum johansenii, originally described from Australia, but distinguished from the latter by the absence of enlarged angular cells occluding pore canals of tetrasporangial conceptacle chambers. Lithophyllum nagaokaense shared a fruticose morphology with Lithophyllum kaiseri, Lithophyllum kuroshioense, Lithophyllum neo‐okamurae, Lithophyllum okamurae, and Lithophyllum pygmaeum from Japan. Of these, L. nagaokaense is the most similar to L. neo‐okamurae in having attached and free‐living thalli with encrusting and warty to lumpy growth forms bearing knobby protuberances that are dichotomously branched or anastomosing. The new species is distinct from other Japanese fruticose species collectively by five tetrasporangial conceptacle chamber characters and the absence of trichocytes. A taxonomic key for identifying Japanese fruticose species is provided. This is the fifth Lithophyllum species and the third rhodolith‐forming species verified by DNA sequencing to be found in Japan.
Successful treatment of a renal allograft abscess with antimicrobial agents alone and appropriate follow‐up imaging
Authors: Tokuchi Maho , Yonishi Hiroaki , Namba‐Hamano Tomoko 
Published: April 2024

AbstractA renal allograft abscess is a relatively rare condition. Appropriate antimicrobial therapy and drainage are recommended for treating renal abscesses. However, drainage can be challenging, depending on the location of the abscess. We present the case of a young female kidney transplant recipient who was successfully cured of a renal allograft abscess, using antimicrobial agents and appropriate follow‐up imaging, without the need of any risky procedures.