bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhancing Energy Storage Capacity of 3D Carbon Electrodes Using Soft Landing of Molecular Redox Mediators
Authors: Das Arya , Samayoa‐Oviedo Hugo Y. , Mohapatra Mamata , Basu Suddhasatwa , Laskin Julia 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe incorporation of redox‐active species into the electric double layer is a powerful strategy for enhancing the energy density of supercapacitors. Polyoxometalates (POM) are a class of stable, redox‐active species with multielectron activity, which is often used to tailor the properties of electrochemical interfaces. Traditional synthetic methods often result in interfaces containing a mixture of POM anions, unreactive counter ions, and neutral species. This leads to degradation in electrochemical performance due to aggregation and increased interfacial resistance. Another significant challenge is achieving the uniform and stable anchoring of POM anions on substrates to ensure the long‐term stability of the electrochemical interface. These challenges are addressed by developing a mass spectrometry‐based subambient deposition strategy for the selective deposition of POM anions onto engineered 3D porous carbon electrodes. Furthermore, positively charged functional groups are introduced on the electrode surface for efficient trapping of POM anions. This approach enables the deposition of purified POM anions uniformly through the pores of the 3D porous carbon electrode, resulting in unprecedented increase in the energy storage capacity of the electrodes. The study highlights the critical role of well‐defined electrochemical interfaces in energy storage applications and offers a powerful method to achieve this through selective ion deposition.
Anderson Localization of Phonons in Thermally Superinsulating Graphene Aerogels with Metal‐Like Electrical Conductivity
Authors: Šilhavík Martin , Kumar Prabhat , Levinský Petr , Zafar Zahid Ali , Hejtmánek Jiří , Červenka Jiří 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn the quest to improve energy efficiency and design better thermal insulators, various engineering strategies have been extensively investigated to minimize heat transfer through a material. Yet, the suppression of thermal transport in a material remains elusive because heat can be transferred by multiple energy carriers. Here, the realization of Anderson localization of phonons in a random 3D elastic network of graphene is reported. It is shown that thermal conductivity in a cellular graphene aerogel can be drastically reduced to 0.9 mW m−1 K−1 by the application of compressive strain while keeping a high metal‐like electrical conductivity of 120 S m−1 and ampacity of 0.9 A. The experiments reveal that the strain can cause phonon localization over a broad compression range. The remaining heat flow in the material is dominated by charge transport. Conversely, electrical conductivity exhibits a gradual increase with increasing compressive strain, opposite to the thermal conductivity. These results imply that strain engineering provides the ability to independently tune charge and heat transport, establishing a new paradigm for controlling phonon and charge conduction in solids. This approach will enable the development of a new type of high‐performance insulation solutions and thermally superinsulating materials with metal‐like electrical conductivity.
Intranasal Delivery of Curcumin Nanoparticles Improves Neuroinflammation and Neurological Deficits in Mice with Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Duan Zhongxin , Zhou Wenjie , He Shi , Wang Wanyu , Huang Hongyi , Yi Linbin , Zhang Rui , Chen Junli , Zan Xin , You Chao , Gao Xiang 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIntracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) represents one of the most severe subtypes of stroke. Due to the complexity of the brain injury mechanisms following ICH, there are currently no effective treatments to significantly improve patient functional outcomes. Curcumin, as a potential therapeutic agent for ICH, is limited by its poor water solubility and oral bioavailability. In this study, mPEG‐PCL is used to encapsulate curcumin, forming curcumin nanoparticles, and utilized the intranasal administration route to directly deliver curcumin nanoparticles from the nasal cavity to the brain. By inhibiting pro‐inflammatory neuroinflammation of microglia following ICH in mice, reprogramming pro‐inflammatory microglia toward an anti‐inflammatory function, and consequently reducing neuronal inflammatory death and hematoma volume, this approach improved blood‐brain barrier damage in ICH mice and promoted the recovery of neurological function post‐stroke. This study offers a promising therapeutic strategy for ICH to mediate neuroinflammatory microenvironments.
Long‐term outcomes of endoscopic ultrasound‐guided hepaticogastrostomy in patients with malignant biliary obstruction
Authors: Hedjoudje Abdellah , Pokossy Epée Johanna , Perez‐Cuadrado‐Robles Enrique , Alric Hadrien , Rivallin Paul , Vuitton Lucine , Koch Stephane , Prat Frédéric 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundHepaticogastrostomy drainage through endoscopic ultrasound (EUS‐HGS) has emerged in the 2010s as a new technique for biliary decompression in cases of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) failure for malignant biliary obstruction (MBO). Substantial technical and procedural progress in performing EUS‐HGS has been achieved, allowing high technical and clinical success and an acceptable risk of adverse events in studies mainly focusing on short‐term outcomes. However, the long‐term effects of EUS‐HGS and the risk of recurrent biliary obstruction (RBO) have not been fully evaluated.ObjectivesTo evaluate the long‐term effects of EUS‐HGS and the risk of RBO.MethodsData from 211 patients undergoing technically successful EUS‐HGS in three academic centers were retrospectively collected. Clinical success, adverse events, RBO, and reinterventions were evaluated.ResultsIn total, 198 patients underwent technically successful EUS‐HGS for MBO. The median overall survival was 144 days [108, 2011] after the procedure. Mean patient age was 69.39 (12.91) years. The cause of MBO was pancreatic cancer (n = 98, 49.5%) followed by cholangiocarcinoma (n = 29, 14.6%). The location of MBO was distal in 27.6% of cases and proximal in 68.4%. Adverse events were observed during the follow‐up in 65 patients (33%). On multivariate analysis, the use of partially covered self‐expandable metal stents (PCSEMS) was associated with a lower risk of RBO (HR = 0.47 [0.24–0.95], p = 0.034). Additionally, patients with distal stenoses had a trend toward better stent patency (HR = 0.06[0—0.77], p = 0.031). RBO developed in 38 cases (19.1%) mainly due tumor ingrowth (36.8%) with a high success rate of endoscopic management.ConclusionsWhile RBO occurred in a notable proportion of patients, the primary cause of mortality was progression of the underlying malignancy rather than stent dysfunction. The efficiency of stents, particularly PCSEMS, and the high success rate of endoscopic management for RBO underscore the effectiveness and reliability of these treatments in managing biliary complications.
Ultrasonographic findings of fluid accumulation and hyperechogenic spots suggestive of surgical site infection following laparotomy for colic in horses
Authors: Pilati Nicola , Pressanto Maria Chiara , Beccati Francesca , Pepe Marco , Venditti Rossella , Gialletti Rodolfo 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to compare ultrasonographic findings of the ventral midline incision after exploratory laparotomy for colic in horses with and without surgical site infection (SSI).MethodsUltrasonographic examination of the surgical wound was performed on postoperative day 5 (D5) and day 10 (D10) to assess the presence of fluid accumulation, suture sinus formation, hyperechogenic spots and fistulous path. Clinical evaluation of the wound was used to classify horses with and without SSI. The accuracy, sensitivity, specificity and positive and negative predictive values of the ultrasonographic findings were then calculated. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed with SSI as a dependent variable and age, sex, breed and ultrasonographic findings as independent variables after univariate and collinearity analyses.ResultsTwenty‐nine of the 84 horses examined had an SSI. Detection of fluid accumulation and hyperechogenic spots increased the odds for SSI at D5 (odds ratio [OR]: 4.99, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.53–16.33, p = 0.008; OR: 10.78, 95% CI: 1.75–26.59, p = 0.01, respectively) and D10 (OR: 11.51, 95% CI: 2.39–55.47, p = 0.002; OR: 12.34, 95% CI: 3.45–44.15, p < 0.001, respectively).LimitationUltrasonographic images were taken only on the longitudinal section.ConclusionUltrasonographic examination is helpful in evaluating the surgical incision after laparotomy, with the detection of fluid accumulation and hyperechogenic spots surrounding the sutures being strongly related to SSI.
Equine skeletal scintigraphy: Comparing lesion detection ability of methylene diphosphonate and hydroxymethylene diphosphonate in the caudal cervical and proximal metacarpal/metatarsal regions
Authors: Sielaff Sahra , Gerlach Kerstin , Brunk Jan , Sill Volker , Jahn Werner , Pelli Anna C. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundData regarding the lesion detection ability of different radiotracers are lacking in equine bone scintigraphy.MethodsIn this prospective study, hydroxymethylene diphosphonate (HMDP) and methylene diphosphonate (MDP) were compared in horses with increased radiopharmaceutical uptake either in the caudal cervical region (CS group) or in the proximal metacarpal/metatarsal region (PMR group). Region of interest analysis was used to determine normal bone‐to‐soft tissue ratios, lesion‐to‐normal bone ratios and lesion‐to‐soft tissue ratios. Qualitative scoring and total count rates were recorded for each image.ResultsA total of 213 scintigrams were included. Within the PMR group, there were significantly higher lesion‐to‐normal bone ratios for MDP compared with HMDP (p = 0.02). In the CS group, normal bone‐to‐soft tissue ratios were significantly higher for HMDP (p = 0.01). The interobserver agreement with regard to the qualitative assessment of the scintigrams was poor.LimitationPaired studies, comparing the different radiotracers in the same patient, were not feasible.ConclusionThis study revealed minor differences between the two radiotracers, although these have no practical implications. Both radiopharmaceuticals are well suited for detecting lesions at the investigated sites using equine bone scintigraphy.
RNA base editors: The emerging approach of RNA therapeutics
Authors: Song Jinghui , Luo Nan , Dong Liting , Peng Jinying , Yi Chengqi 
Published: April 2024

AbstractRNA‐based therapeutics offer a flexible and reversible approach for treating genetic disorders, such as antisense oligonucleotides, RNA interference, aptamers, mRNA vaccines, and RNA editing. In recent years, significant advancements have been made in RNA base editing to correct disease‐relevant point mutations. These achievements have significantly influenced the fields of biotechnology, biomedical research and therapeutics development. In this article, we provide a comprehensive overview of the design and performance of contemporary RNA base editors, including A‐to‐I, C‐to‐U, A‐to‐m6A, and U‐to‐Ψ. We compare recent innovative developments and highlight their applications in disease‐relevant contexts. Lastly, we discuss the limitations and future prospects of utilizing RNA base editing for therapeutic purposes.This article is categorized under:
RNA Processing > RNA Editing and Modification
RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Development
Anti‐plane stress analysis for V‐notch in a piezomagnetic half space under SH wave
Authors: Zhang Xi‐Meng , Qi Hui 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn this paper, the anti‐plane stress analysis of a V‐notch with complex boundary conditions in a piezomagnetic half space is studied. Firstly, SH wave is considered as an external load acting on piezomagnetic half space, on the basis of repeated image superposition, the analytical expression of scattering wave is conducted, which satisfies the boundary conditions on the boundary of the half space. Then, the analytical expression of standing wave is established, which satisfies the stress free and magnetic insulation conditions on the boundaries of V‐notch by the fractional Bessel function expansion method and Graf addition theorem. Finally, Green's function method is applied, the half space is divided into two parts along the vertical interface, a pair of in‐plane magnetic field and out‐plane forces are applied on the vertical interface, and the first kind of Fredholm integral equations are set up and solved by applying orthogonal function expansion technique and effective truncation. Results clarified the influence on the dynamic stress concentration factor and magnetic field intensity concentration factor under proper conditions. Besides, the analytical solutions are compared with the finite element solutions to verify the accuracy of the conclusions in this article.
Invariant-based Program Repair
Authors: Al-Bataineh Omar I. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis paper describes a formal general-purpose automated program repair (APR) framework based on the concept of program invariants. In the presented repair framework, the execution traces of a defected program are dynamically analyzed to infer specifications $$\varphi _{correct}$$

φ

correct

and $$\varphi _{violated}$$

φ

violated

, where $$\varphi _{correct}$$

φ

correct

represents the set of likely invariants (good patterns) required for a run to be successful and $$\varphi _{violated}$$

φ

violated

represents the set of likely suspicious invariants (bad patterns) that result in the bug in the defected program. These specifications are then refined using rigorous program analysis techniques, which are also used to drive the repair process towards feasible patches and assess the correctness of generated patches. We demonstrate the usefulness of leveraging invariants in APR by developing an invariant-based repair system for performance bugs. The initial analysis shows the effectiveness of invariant-based APR in handling performance bugs by producing patches that ensure program’s efficiency increase without adversely impacting its functionality.
Multi-matrix correlators and localization
Authors: Holguin Adolfo , Wang Shannon , Wang Zi-Yue 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
We study generating functions of $$ \frac{1}{4} $$

1
4

-BPS states in $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 super Yang-Mills at finite N by attempting to generalize the Harish-Chandra-Itzykson-Zuber integral to multiple commuting matrices. This allows us to compute the overlaps of two or more generating functions; such calculations arise in the computation of two-point correlators in the free-field limit. We discuss the four-matrix HCIZ integral in the U(2) context and lay out a prescription for finding a more general formula for N > 2. We then discuss its connections with the restricted Schur polynomial operator basis. Our results generalize readily to arbitrary numbers of matrices, opening up the opportunity to study more generic BPS operators.
Identification of a novel marker and its associated laccase gene for regulating ear length in tropical and subtropical maize lines
Authors: Bi Yaqi , Jiang Fuyan , Zhang Yudong , Li Ziwei , Kuang Tianhui , Shaw Ranjan K. , Adnan Muhammad , Li Kunzhi , Fan Xingming 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Key message
This study revealed the identification of a novel gene, Zm00001d042906, that regulates maize ear length by modulating lignin synthesis and reported a molecular marker for selecting maize lines with elongated ears.

Abstract
Maize ear length has garnered considerable attention due to its high correlation with yield. In this study, six maize inbred lines of significant importance in maize breeding were used as parents. The temperate maize inbred line Ye107, characterized by a short ear, was crossed with five tropical or subtropical inbred lines featuring longer ears, creating a multi-parent population displaying significant variations in ear length. Through genome-wide association studies and mutation analysis, the A/G variation at SNP_183573532 on chromosome 3 was identified as an effective site for discriminating long-ear maize. Furthermore, the associated gene Zm00001d042906 was found to correlate with maize ear length. Zm00001d042906 was functionally annotated as a laccase (Lac4), which showed activity and influenced lignin synthesis in the midsection cells of the cob, thereby regulating maize ear length. This study further reports a novel molecular marker and a new gene that can assist maize breeding programs in selecting varieties with elongated ears.
Some practical and theoretical issues related to the quantile estimators
Authors: Dudek Dagmara , Kuczmaszewska Anna 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe paper contains the comparative analysis of the efficiency of different qunatile estimators for various distributions. Additionally, we show strong consistency of different quantile estimators and we study the Bahadur representation for each of the quantile estimators, when the sample is taken from NA, $$\varphi $$
φ
, $$\rho ^*$$

ρ
∗

, $$\rho $$
ρ
-mixing population.
Meningokokken-Impfung
Authors: Dornbusch Hans Jürgen , Förster Holger , Prieler Albrecht , Sprung-Markes Michael , Kerbl Reinhold 
Published: April 2024

ZusammenfassungIn Österreich sind Meningokokken-Impfungen für unterschiedliche Altersgruppen empfohlen, jedoch wird nur jene gegen die Serogruppen ACWY im Jugendalter erstattet. Vor diesem Hintergrund stagnieren die Durchimpfungsraten – insbesondere bei Kindern aus einkommensschwachen Familien. Dies entspricht einer sozialen und ökonomischen Ungleichheit, welche für die betroffenen Familien und ihre behandelnden Ärzte eine große Belastung darstellt. Auf Basis einer Analyse der rezenten Meningokokken-Epidemiologie, von Impfempfehlungen, Impfprogrammen und sozioökonomischen Aspekten werden Hürden für eine Erweiterung des kostenfreien Impfprogramms gegen Meningokokken definiert und Maßnahmen vorgeschlagen, die einen umfassenden Impfschutz gegen invasive Meningokokkenerkrankungen (IME) gewährleisten könnten. Die Aufnahme aller Impfungen gegen Meningokokken ins kostenfreie Kinderimpfprogramm würde die Durchimpfungsrate gegen diese schwere Infektionskrankheit mit großer Wahrscheinlichkeit erhöhen und die tägliche Arbeit von Pädiatern und Allgemeinmedizinern hinsichtlich der erforderlichen Impfaufklärungsgespräche maßgeblich erleichtern.
Investigation of the efficiency of wind-assisted systems using model-based design approach
Authors: Guzelbulut Cem , Sugimoto Tomohiro , Fujita Yasuaki , Suzuki Katsuyuki 
Published: April 2024

AbstractTo achieve the goal of a 50% reduction of CO2 emission in the maritime industry by 2050, different systems and solutions were proposed by researchers. Rigid wind sails, rotor sails, suction wings, and kites were developed to contribute to cleaner and environment-friendly transportation by reducing total fuel and energy consumption. In the present study, a ship dynamics model of KVLCC2 consisting of hull, rudder, propeller, and sailing system was built considering the effects of wind and wave. Firstly, the amount of energy consumption reduction of both systems was examined under different wind directions and wind speeds. It was found that a single sailing system can reduce total energy consumption by up to 10%. Then, the effects of the ship speed, the position of the sailing system, and the number of sails on the reduction of energy consumption were examined. It was found that the amount of overall energy reduction reaches around 23% and 16% when the number of sails was increased to 10 rigid wind sails and 10 rotor sails, respectively. The effects of waves were also investigated, and it was revealed that wave forces decrease the percent energy reduction more when environmental conditions become more severe, starting from the Beaufort scale of 7.
Clinical and radiological features of intracranial ancient schwannomas: a single-institution, retrospective analysis
Authors: Tsuchiya Takahiro , Ikemura Masako , Miyawaki Satoru , Teranishi Yu , Ohara Kenta , Ushiku Tetsuo , Saito Nobuhito 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAncient schwannoma (AS) is a subtype of schwannoma characterized by slow progression despite degenerative changes in pathology. Although it is considered a benign tumor, most previous reports have focused on extracranial AS; therefore, the clinical characteristics of intracranial AS is not clear. We included 174 patients who underwent surgery for sporadic intracranial schwannoma, and 13 patients (7.5%) were diagnosed with AS. Cysts were significantly more common in patients with AS than conventional schwannomas (92.3% vs. 44.7%, p < 0.001), as was bleeding (38.5% vs. 6.9%, p = 0.003) and calcification (15.4% vs. 1.3%, p = 0.029). The maximum tumor diameter was also larger in patients with AS (35 mm vs. 29 mm, p = 0.017). The median duration from symptom onset to surgery (7.0 vs. 12.5 months, p = 0.740) did not significantly differ between groups, nor did the probability of postoperative recurrence (p = 0.949). Intracranial AS was strongly associated with cyst formation and exhibited a benign clinical course with a lower rate of recurrence and need for salvage treatment. Extracranial AS is reportedly characterized by a slow progression through a long-term clinical course, whereas intracranial AS did not progress slowly in our study and exhibited different clinical features to those reported for extracranial AS.
Preoperative optimization in hernia surgery: are we really helping or are we just stalling?
Authors: Fafaj A. , de Figueiredo S. M. P. , Rosen M. J. , Petro C. C. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Managing patients with abdominal wall hernias and multiple comorbidities can be challenging because these patients are at increased risk for postoperative complications. Preoperative optimization has been used to identify and intervene upon modifiable risk factors to improve hernia repair outcomes, however, waiting to achieve optimization may cause unnecessary delays.

Methods
We describe our approach to preoperative optimization in hernia and we review the current evidence for preoperative optimization.

Conclusion
Modifying risk factors before undergoing elective hernia repair can improve the overall health of patients with multiple comorbidities. However, when considering the hernia-specific data, prolonging waiting times for patients to achieve full optimization is not justified. Surgeons should take a nuanced approach to balance achieving patient optimization without unnecessarily delaying surgical care.