bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The medial paralemniscal nucleus and its afferent neuronal connections in rat
Authors: Varga Tamás , Palkovits Miklós , Usdin Ted Björn , Dobolyi Arpád 
Published: September 2008

AbstractPreviously, we described a cell group expressing tuberoinfundibular peptide of 39 residues (TIP39) in the lateral pontomesencephalic tegmentum, and referred to it as the medial paralemniscal nucleus (MPL). To identify this nucleus further in rat, we have now characterized the MPL cytoarchitectonically on coronal, sagittal, and horizontal serial sections. Neurons in the MPL have a columnar arrangement distinct from adjacent areas. The MPL is bordered by the intermediate nucleus of the lateral lemniscus nucleus laterally, the oral pontine reticular formation medially, and the rubrospinal tract ventrally, whereas the A7 noradrenergic cell group is located immediately mediocaudal to the MPL. TIP39‐immunoreactive neurons are distributed throughout the cytoarchitectonically defined MPL and constitute 75% of its neurons as assessed by double labeling of TIP39 with a fluorescent Nissl dye or NeuN. Furthermore, we investigated the neuronal inputs to the MPL by using the retrograde tracer cholera toxin B subunit. The MPL has afferent neuronal connections distinct from adjacent brain regions including major inputs from the auditory cortex, medial part of the medial geniculate body, superior colliculus, external and dorsal cortices of the inferior colliculus, periolivary area, lateral preoptic area, hypothalamic ventromedial nucleus, lateral and dorsal hypothalamic areas, subparafascicular and posterior intralaminar thalamic nuclei, periaqueductal gray, and cuneiform nucleus. In addition, injection of the anterograde tracer biotinylated dextran amine into the auditory cortex and the hypothalamic ventromedial nucleus confirmed projections from these areas to the distinct MPL. The afferent neuronal connections of the MPL suggest its involvement in auditory and reproductive functions. J. Comp. Neurol. 511:221–237, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Estradiol modulates neural responses to song in a seasonal songbird
Authors: Maney Donna L. , Goode Christopher T. , Lange Henry S. , Sanford Sara E. , Solomon Benjamin L. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractSocial behaviors such as courtship, parenting, and aggression depend primarily on two factors: a social signal to trigger the behavior, and a hormonal milieu that facilitates or permits it. Gonadal steroids may alter the valence or perceived context of the signal so that the same pheromone, vocalization, or visual display may elicit very different responses depending on the receiver's plasma hormone level. The neural processes underlying this phenomenon, however, are not well understood. Here, we describe how hormones modulate neural responses to social signals in female white‐throated sparrows listening to recordings of male song. While manipulating levels of the ovarian steroid estradiol, we mapped and quantified sound‐induced expression of the immediate early gene egr‐1 in nine brain regions that constitute a social behavior network in vertebrates. In most regions of interest, hearing male song induced more expression than hearing tones or silence, and this selectivity for song was seen only in birds with estradiol levels typical of the breeding season. In females with regressed ovaries and no exogenous estradiol, neural responses were selective for song over tones only in the lateral portion of the ventromedial hypothalamus, not in the rest of the network. Because the effects of hormone treatment on neural responses are not identical in each region, the overall pattern of activation across the network changes with estradiol level and thus with season and breeding context. Our results demonstrate a possible mechanism by which gonadal steroids may alter the processing of social signals and affect social decision‐making. J. Comp. Neurol. 511:173–186, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Greening the Construction Industry: Enhancing the Performance of Cements by Adding Bioglycerol
Authors: Rossi Michele , Della Pina Cristina , Pagliaro Mario , Ciriminna Rosaria , Forni Paolo 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe addition of glycerol, a by‐product of biodiesel manufacturing, to cement eases its grinding and handling while considerably enhancing the strength of the resulting concrete. The benefits of using bioglycerol are significant both for the environment and for the concrete and biodiesel industries. The advantages for industry derive from having a single, readily available material that offers all three major technical improvements required of cement additives, namely enhanced concrete strength, and grinding and handling aids for cement, while the environmental impact is eased by using bioglycerol instead of ethylene glycol and hydroxyamines that are presently used as major components of cement additives.
Flow cytometric characterization of the DAOY medulloblastoma cell line for the cancer stem‐like phenotype
Authors: Srivastava Vinit Krishna , Nalbantoglu Josephine 
Published: September 2008

AbstractSide population (SP) analyses and CD133 expression have identified cells with stem‐like potential in normal and cancerous tissue. Whether stem‐like cells exist in cancer cell lines is hotly debated. We have interrogated the DAOY medulloblastoma cell line with respect to stem‐like potential. Vital staining for Hoechst 33342 efflux capacity and CD133 immunophenotyping were performed on DAOY cells to assess the presence of the SP and the CD133 stem cell markers, respectively. SP/non‐SP and CD133+/CD133− DAOY cells were sorted into separate fractions for limiting dilution analysis (tumor sphere assay) and asymmetric division assessment. SP/non‐SP cells were also sorted separately for viability (XTT assay), cell size, cell cycle status, and proliferative capacity (carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester (CFSE)) evaluation. A minor proportion of cells displayed either the SP or the CD133+ phenotypes. CD133 expression mapped to both the SP and non‐SP compartments, with CD133+ cells being enriched almost fourfold within the non‐SP gate. The SP, non‐SP, CD133+, and CD133− fractions were all capable of reconstituting the original parental DAOY population. Slight clonogenic enrichment was observed in only the SP fraction; however, both CD133+ and CD133− cells displayed equivalent stem cell‐like frequencies. SP cells were resistant to Hoechst 33342‐mediated toxicity relative to the parental population and differed from the non‐SP cells with respect to increased cell size, decreased S‐phase, and slightly decreased proliferative capacity. The multiparametric strategy described in this study revealed that the SP and CD133+ subset may be two independent compartments. Our results highlight the need for new reliable specific cancer stem cell marker(s) as Hoechst 33342 efflux and CD133 expression might not be suitable for selectively isolating cancer stem‐like cells from cell lines, as shown for the DAOY cells. As such, care must be used in interpreting therapeutic studies targeting the stem cell compartment of cancer cell lines. © 2008 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Microinjected antibodies interfere with protein nucleocytoplasmic shuttling by distinct molecular mechanisms
Authors: Marg Andreas , Meyer Thomas , Vigneron Marc , Vinkemeier Uwe 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe observation that some antibodies can enter the nucleus after their microinjection into the cytoplasm established the principle of protein nucleocytoplasmic shuttling. Here, we introduce the concept of stationary antibodies for studying nuclear transport, particularly of native proteins. Contrary to the aforementioned translocating immunoglobulins, stationary antibodies do not cross the nuclear envelope. They are distinguished by their ability to trigger the nucleocytoplasmic redistribution of their antigen. What determines these apparently contradictory outcomes has not been explored. We studied a stationary STAT1 antibody and a translocating importin‐β antibody. The stationary phenotype resulted from the inhibition of carrier‐independent transport. This was not due to crosslinking or precipitation of antigen, because the antigen–antibody complex remained highly mobile. Rather, decoration with stationary antibody precluded actual nuclear pore passage of antigen. In addition, both antibodies inhibited the carrier‐dependent translocation via importin‐α, but by diverse mechanisms. The translocating antibody blocked the association with importin‐α, whereas the stationary antibody prevented the phosphorylation of its antigen, and thus functioned upstream of the importin‐α binding step. We identified a stationary antibody to green‐fluorescent protein (GFP) and probed the translocation of GFP fusions of STAT1, thyroid hormone receptor and histones, demonstrating general application of this approach. Our results provide an experimental rationale for the use of antibodies as unique tools for dissecting protein nuclear translocation. As the microinjection of stationary antibodies extends to analyses of native proteins, this method can complement and validate results obtained with fluorescent‐labeled derivatives. © 2008 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Time‐lapse analysis reveals local asymmetrical changes in C‐looping heart tube
Authors: Kidokoro Hinako , Okabe Masataka , Tamura Koji 
Published: September 2008

AbstractHeart development has long served as a model system of left–right asymmetrical morphogenesis, and many key laterality genes have been shown to be involved in the process of asymmetrical heart looping. We established a time‐lapse imaging system to observe the process of C‐looping during chick heart development, and our observations showed that the C‐looping is a very complicated process that involves several local changes in shape: the process can be divided into dextral rotation of the rostral and caudal segments with ventral bending in the rostral part and horizontal anti‐clockwise rotation with enlargement of the left part in the caudal segment. Further experimental manipulations revealed characteristics of these morphological changes and regional interactions for the events, and we propose that asymmetrical enlargement of the caudal part is one of the targets of the laterality genes in the C‐looping process. Developmental Dynamics 237:3545–3556, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fluid dynamics of nodal flow and left–right patterning in development
Authors: Cartwright Julyan H.E. , Piro Nicolas , Piro Oreste , Tuval Idan 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe manner in which the nodal flow determines the breaking of left–right symmetry during development is a beautiful example of the application of fluid dynamics to developmental biology. Detailed understanding of this crucial developmental process has greatly advanced by the transfer of ideas between these two disciplines. In this article, we review our and others' work on applying fluid dynamics and dynamical systems to the problem of left–right symmetry breaking in vertebrates. Developmental Dynamics 237:3477–3490, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Supramolecular Architecture of Arene Complexes of Bis(polyfluorophenyl)mercurials
Authors: Deacon Glen B. , Forsyth Craig M. , Junk Peter C. , Ness Timothy J. , Izgorodina Ekaterina , Baldamus Jens , Meyer Gerd , Pantenburg Ingo , Hitzbleck Julia , Ruhlandt‐Senge Karin 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe 1:1 (arene)mercury complexes [HgR2(arene)] [R = C6F4‐o‐NO2, C6F4‐m‐NO2, C6F4‐o‐H, C6F5; arene = TMB (1,2,4,5‐tetramethylbenzene), PMB (1,2,3,4,5‐pentamethylbenzene)] are readily formed when mixtures of the mercurial and arene are crystallised from CH2Cl2 or CH2Cl2/hexane. Analogous 1:1 complexes are also formed from Hg(C6F5)2 and PhMe, whereas novel 1:2 complexes [HgR2(arene)2] result from Hg(C6F4‐o‐NO2)2 and PhMe or TMO (1,2,4‐trimethoxybenzene) and from Hg(C6F5)2 and TMO. In the crystalline state, the 1:1 [HgR2(arene)] complexes exist as canted columns of alternating planar HgR2 and arene layers linked by weak (Hg···C 3.2–3.5 Å) η1 or η2 π‐arene–mercury interactions. For the TMB (R = C6F4‐o‐NO2, C6F4‐o‐H, C6F5) and PhMe (R = C6F5) complexes, the packing of neighbouring columns shows aligned, alternating fluoroarene and arene ring planes resulting in a 2D brick‐wall motif with potential supramolecular components (fluoroarene–fluoroarene and fluoroarene–arene stacking). For the TMB complex with R = C6F4‐m‐NO2 the 2D array is distorted into a herringbone motif by weak C–H···O interactions. The 1:2 complex [Hg(C6F4‐o‐NO2)2(PhMe)2] has an analogous mercury environment to the 1:1 complexes, and the packing shows a distinct layer structure of alternating rows of PhMe and HgR2 with two PhMe units per HgR2 unit but with no inter‐stack interactions. The TMO complexes have long Hg···O contacts (3.2 Å) rather than Hg···C and similarly show a layered structure, but in this case, with a single column of alternating HgR2 and pairs of TMO. Theoretical calculations for the 1:2 [HgR2(TMB)2] complexes (R = C6F4‐o‐NO2, C6F4‐m‐NO2) are consistent with the findings from the observed crystal structures. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Zn Pyropheophorbide a: A β‐Face Selective Nicotine Receptor
Authors: Kavakka Jari S. , Heikkinen Sami , Helaja Juho 
Published: September 2008

AbstractNicotine binds to a semisynthetic chlorophyll a derivative, Zn pyropheophorbide a, in a receptor‐like manner to form a 1:1 complex with β‐face diastereomeric configuration. The geometry of the complex structure was evidenced by 1H NMR, ROESY and DOSY spectroscopic experiments combined with molecular modelling DFT B3LYP calculations at the 6‐31G* level. The observed binding between the chlorin and nicotine takes place through a “two‐point binding” mechanism, in which the nicotine N‐pyridyl moiety coordinates to the chlorin zinc atom, whilst the nicotine N‐methyl pyrrolidine unit forms an ion pair with the chlorin acid group. The binding mechanism was further confirmed by association constants (Ka) obtained from titration experiments in CDCl3 with 1H NMR spectroscopic monitoring (8.0 × 105 M–1) and in toluene with UV/Vis (6.1 × 104 M–1) monitoring. The corresponding binding constants obtained for nicotine with one‐point binder, Zn pyropheophorbide a methyl ester, were 4.8 × 105 and 2.3 × 104 M–1, respectively. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
1‐Oxoniaadamantane (Eur. J. Org. Chem. 27/2008)
Authors: Etzkorn Markus , Aniszfeld Robert , Li Tiejun , Buchholz Herwig , Rasul Golam , Prakash G. K. Surya , Olah George A. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe cover picture shows the preparation of 1‐oxoniaadamantane by several different pathways under superacidic conditions. The structure of the intriguing bridgehead oxonium ion was characterized by NMR spectroscopy, DFT calculations and X‐ray crystallography as a CB11Cl16H6 counteranion salt. The cation is a missing member of the diamondoid 1‐heteroadamantane series. Details are discussed in the Short Communication by G. K. S. Prakash, G. A. Olah et al. on p. 4555 ff.
Performance of a guideway seismic isolator with magnetic springs for precision machinery
Authors: Yao George C. , Huang Wen‐Chun 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThis paper proposes the use of the nonlinear restoring force in an isolation system to improve the performance of a seismic isolator. Nonlinear magnetic springs applied to guideway sliding isolators (GSI) that protect precision machinery against seismic motion were studied. The magnetic springs use a non‐contact magnetic repulsion force to achieve a nonlinear property. A numerical simulation model of the GSI system using step‐by‐step integration in the time domain was developed. A full‐scale shaking table test was performed to verify the accuracy of the numerical model. Simulation and experimental results show that the GSI system with magnetic springs has good performance when subjected to floor vibrations during earthquakes. A parametric analysis of the magnetic springs in the GSI system under seismic motion was theoretically investigated. It was found that sufficient magnetic forces can diminish the system relative displacements. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Government and accountability: Paving the way for nonprofits and evaluation
Authors: Carman Joanne G. , Fredericks Kimberly A. , Introcaso David 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe authors review the unique characteristics of nonprofit organizations and explain how nonprofit organizations play a prominent role in providing today's public services. The authors describe how the field of professional evaluation developed in response to government performance‐based management initiatives, noting that recent efforts at the federal level—Government Performance and Results Act (GPRA) and the Program Assessment Rating Tool (PART) in particular—have “revived” program evaluation and brought outcomes measurement into the forefront of public and nonprofit management. The chapter concludes with a reflection on the last 30 years, noting key important developments, milestones, and trends in the field, including calls for more effective philanthropy, an increase in accessible evaluation training manuals and tools, and organized efforts to build the evaluation capacity of nonprofit organizations. © Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Measuring outcomes of United Way–funded programs: Expectations and reality
Authors: Hendricks Michael , Plantz Margaret C. , Pritchard Kathleen J. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractIn 1996, United Way of America (UWA) developed and began disseminating the most widely used approach to program outcome measurement in the nonprofit sector. Today an estimated 450 local United Ways encourage approximately 19,000 local agencies they fund to measure outcomes. The authors first describe and then assess the strengths and limitations of the distinguishing features of the UWA approach, efforts to disseminate the approach, implementation by local United Ways, and actual outcome measurement by local agencies. The chapter ends with a description of United Way's relatively new emphasis on community impact and how that initiative relates to program outcome measurement. © Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Paying the piper: Foundation evaluation capacity calls the tune
Authors: Behrens Teresa R. , Kelly Thomas 
Published: September 2008

AbstractAn overview is presented of forces that have shaped how public and private funders approach evaluation, including the challenges that funders, and particularly foundations, face in effectively using evaluation within an organizational learning framework. Even with internal organizational challenges to learning, foundations are increasingly embracing knowledge management and performance measurement as tools for reflection, learning, and accountability. The authors argue that funders must ultimately adopt a more systems‐oriented view of their work if they are to effectively use and learn from evaluation, and to adopt both funding strategies and evaluation approaches that are situated in a systems change paradigm. Emerging tools to help foundations incorporate systems approaches in grantmaking are highlighted. © Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Nonprofits and evaluation: Empirical evidence from the field
Authors: Carman Joanne G. , Fredericks Kimberly A. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe authors explore what evaluation looks like, in practice, among today's nonprofit organizations on the basis of their survey results. The types of evaluation activities nonprofit organizations are engaging in on a regular basis, as well as the types of data they are collecting and how they are using these data, are described. How nonprofits think about evaluation and a three‐pronged typology, based on a factor analysis of the survey data, is presented. This analysis shows that nonprofit organizations tend to think about evaluation in three distinct ways: as a resource drain and distraction; as an external, promotional tool; and as a strategic management tool. The authors recommend how funders, evaluators, and nonprofit managers can change the way they think about evaluation and build upon the way they currently use evaluation to maximize its potential. © Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Voices from the field: Evaluation as part of a learning culture
Authors: Hoole Emily , Patterson Tracy E. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe authors present the argument that evaluation as currently practiced is failing the needs of the social sector, if the goal is to help organizations achieve their mission. Three case studies are presented in which evaluation played a key role in the development of a learning culture within the organization. Each case highlights the positive potential for evaluation to foster continuous organizational learning and improvement, build relationships, and facilitate organizational development. The authors find that although capacity building efforts by funders were important, the commitment of organizational leadership was critical in transforming the role of evaluation from one of basic reporting and accountability to a true process of continuous organizational learning. This transformation requires leadership commitment to development of an evaluative learning culture and an infrastructure to support it. © Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A linear index for predicting joint health‐states utilities from single health‐states utilities
Authors: Basu Anirban , Dale William , Elstein Arthur , Meltzer David 
Published: September 2008

AbstractDirect elicitation of utilities for joint health (JS) states may pose substantial interview burden, while traditional models to predict these utilities from utilities of component single states (SS) are inconsistent with the data. Using individual‐level data on utilities for health states associated with prostate cancer, we report the performance of a new model that encompasses three traditional models – additive, multiplicative, and minimum – previously used for predicting utilities for joint health states. Describing utilities in terms of utility losses l(.) relative to prefect health, our final estimated linear index for predicting joint health‐state utilities is El(JS)=0.05+0.72·max l(SS1),l(SS2)+0.33·min l(SS1),l(SS2)−0.18·l(SS1)·l(SS2). Based on out‐of‐sample predictions, this model produces up to 50% reduction in mean‐square error compared with traditional models and consistent prediction across different ranges of joint‐state utilities, which the traditional models do not. Parameter estimates of the new model proposed here provide direct evidence on the inconsistencies of the traditional models, are grounded in psychological theory by emphasizing the more severe component of a joint health state, and provide a simple linear index to generate consistent predictions of utilities for joint health states. Further validation of this function for joint health states in other clinical scenarios is warranted. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.