bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
INSULIN‐LIKE GROWTH FACTOR‐I (IGF‐I) AND IGF‐I BINDING PROTEIN IN THE FOLLICULAR FLUIDS OF GROWTH HORMONE TREATED PATIENTS
Authors: BARRECA A. , MINUTO F. , VOLPE A. , CECCHELLI E. , CELLA F. , MONTE P. DEL , ARTINI P. , GIORDANO G. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe presence of GH, insulin‐like growth factor‐I (IGF‐I), epidermal growth factor (EGF), oestradiol (E2) and progesterone (PG) were investigated in the fluids obtained from various ovarian follicles of seven patients in whom the induction of super‐ovulation was achieved only after GH (0.1 U/kg BW/day) was added to the gonadotrophin therapy. The follicular fluids of six patients responsive to treatment with gonadotrophin alone served as a control. In patients treated with combined therapy, the results demonstrated the presence in the follicular fluids of GH (M±SEM: 8.5±0.6 mU/1), E2 (771±38 nmol/l), and PG (16.4±0.7 pmol/l) in significantly higher concentrations compared to that in control follicles (6.2±0.8 mU/l, 681±30 nmol/l, and 14.4±0.6 pmol/l; P= 0.002, 0.012, 0.0001 respectively). Acid‐extractable IGF‐I (143±9 ng/ml) and EGF (3.9±0.3 ng/ml) concentrations were similar to those of control fluids (1 24±10 ng/ml and 2.9±0.7 ng/ml respectively) and were highly correlated with each other (P<0.001), suggesting a stimulatory effect of EGF on the local IGF‐I production. A correlation between GH and IGF‐I (n=51, r=0‐36), as well as between IGF‐I and PG (n=48, r=0.77) and E2 (n=48, r=0.55) was evident only in the follicular fluid of GH‐treated subjects. In patients with gonadotrophin‐resistant anovulation the significant correlation (P < 0.01) between GH and IGF‐I suggests that GH administration influences the IGF‐I local concentration, and therefore, as IGF‐I becomes correlated with PG (PeO.001) and E2 (P < 001), it promotes the growth and maturation of the follicles. In the same patients, no correlation was evident between LH and IGF‐ I, E2 and PG, while a significant correlation was present between FSH and IGF‐ I, as well as with PG (P 0.001). The IGF‐I binding protein (BP) assay also demonstrated the presence of a considerable amount of IGF‐I binding sites in all fluids. The characterization of these IGF‐I binding sites demonstrated an IGF‐I‐BP complex of 35 kDa, similar to that found in the amniotic fluid and to the placental protein 12. These data support a role for GH and IGF‐I in the control of follicular growth and development in humans. This also supports the hypothesis of a proliferative and/or permissive effect of IGF‐I in ovarian tissue.
CORRELATION OF ORBITAL COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY AND ANTIBODIES IN PATIENTS WITH HYPERTHYROID Graves'DISEASE
Authors: CHANG T. C. , HUANG K. M. , CHANG T. J. , LIN S. L. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe purpose of this study was to elucidate the incidence of orbital changes in computed tomography, and the relationships of orbital changes with eye‐muscle antibody (EMAb), thyrotrophin‐binding inhibitor immunoglobulin (TBII), antithyroglobulin antibody (TgAb) and anti‐thyroid microsomal antibody (MsAb), in 55 consecutive patients with hyperthyroid Graves'disease. EMAb was demonstrated by an immunoperoxidase technique. The results showed that the prevalence of orbital fat increase, extraocular muscle enlargement, lacrimal gland enlargement and optic nerve swelling were 54.5, 41.8, 21.8 and 16.5% respectively. There were 32.7% of patients without any orbital changes. The patients with extraocular muscle enlargement, lacrimal gland enlargement and optic nerve swelling had higher titres of EMAb than the patients without these orbital changes. The patients with lacrimal gland enlargement had a lower TBII index than those without. There was no difference in TgAb or MsAb between the patients with extraocular muscle enlargement, lacrimal gland enlargement, optic nerve swelling or orbital fat increase and those patients without these orbital changes. The patients with extraocular muscle enlargement, optic nerve swelling and orbital fat increase had a higher degree of exophthalmos than the patients without these orbital changes. EMAb was negatively correlated with TBII. However, there was no correlation between EMAb and TgAb or MsAb. The degree of exophthalmos was positively correlated with EMAb and negatively correlated with age. There was no correlation between exophthalmos and TBII, TgAb or MsAb. In conclusion, although the pathogenesis of orbital changes and hyperthyroidism is different, a close link between these two entities is suggested by the high incidence of orbital changes in hyperthyroid Graves'disease. Extraocular muscle enlargement is related to EMAb. Although not related to TBII or definitely related to EMAb, increased orbital fat also plays a role in exophthalmos.
A DOUBLE‐BLIND STUDY COMPARING A NEW NON‐ERGOT, LONG‐ACTING DOPAMINE AGONIST, CV 205‐502, WITH BROMOCRIPTINE IN WOMEN WITH HYPERPROLACTINAEMIA
Authors: HOMBURG ROY , WEST CHRISTINE , BROWNELL JUDITH , JACOBS HOWARD S. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYTwenty‐two hyperprolactinaemic women were randomly allocated to two groups and treated with bromocriptine or the new, non‐ergot, long‐acting dopamine agonist, CV 205‐502. The study was double‐blind for 6 months. Four patients in the bromocriptine group, but none in the CV 205‐502 group, discontinued the study because of adverse reactions. Adverse reactions in those receiving the new drug were milder and more transient than with bromocriptine. With once‐daily doses of 0.075 mg CV 205‐502, eight of 11 women achieved normal PRL concentrations after 8 weeks treatment (median (95% confidence limits), 352 (70‐987) mU/1) compared with two of nine receiving a divided daily dose of 5 mg bromocriptine (1802 (1205‐4438) mU/1) (P < 0.002). With doses of 0.075‐0.15 mg of CV 205‐502, 10 of 11 women achieved normal PRL concentrations at 24 weeks compared with three of the remaining seven women on doses of 5‐10 mg of bromocriptine. Regular menstrual bleeding was restored and galactorrhoea relieved in the majority of patients, with marginally greater efficacy with CV 205‐502. CV 205‐502 is highly effective for the long‐term treatment of hyperprolactinaemia. It is better tolerated than bromocriptine, is effective in a once‐daily dose, appears to be safe, and provides a valuable alternative to the dopamine agonist drugs in use today.
ESTIMATION OF INSTANTANEOUS SECRETORY RATE OF LUTEINIZING HORMONE IN WOMEN DURING THE MENSTRUAL CYCLE AND IN MEN
Authors: GENAZZANI A. D. , RODBARD D. , FORTI G. , PETRAGLIA F. , BARAGHINI G. F. , GENAZZANI A. R. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYIn both men and women the pulsatile secretory pattern of LH has been extensively characterized. In the present study we used the algorithm for computation of instantaneous secretory rate (ISR) incorporated into the DETECT program to evaluate the secretory activity of gonadotrophs in vivo. We studied the pulsatile release of LH in four healthy women during four phases of the same menstrual cycle (early and late follicular and luteal phases) and in five healthy men. Computation of ISR permitted us to estimate the frequency and the duration of the secretory events from the gonadotrophs. Samples were collected every 10 min for 6 h. The apparent LH pulsatile frequency during the menstrual cycle varied from 5.0±0.8 (mean±SD) during the early follicular phase (EFP) to 5.3±1.2 peaks/6h during the late follicular phase (LFP), to 3.3±1.0 during early luteal phase (ELP) and to 5.3±0.4 peaks/6h during the late luteal phase (LLP). The mean pulse duration also changed throughout the phases of the cycle (EFP 47.4±13‐2 min; LFP 55‐4±21.6 min; ELP 100±50.4 min; LLP 48.1±11 min). In healthy men the LH pulse frequency was 3.8±1.6 peaks/6h and the duration was 71‐5±35.7 min. When time series were analysed for ISR determination no significant changes were observed between the LH pulse frequency detected on ISR and that observed on plasma concentrations. Conversely, a significant reduction of the duration of the pulses was found when using ISR instead of plasma concentration. The mean pulse duration in ISR does not show any significant difference between men (22±10.3 min) and women in the four different phases of the cycle investigated (EFP = 25.2±12 min; LFP = 28±12 min; ELP = 21.6±11 min; LLP = 20±13 min). In conclusion these data suggest that the duration of the LH secretion by the gonadotrophs is not different in men and in women and implied that LH mass and the rate, but not the duration, of the secretory bursts are regulated by GnRH and that steroids affect LH pulsatile secretion by influencing the frequency and/or amplitude of the pulses.
NORMALIZATION OF THYROID BLOOD FLOW IN Graves'HYPERTHYROIDISM FOLLOWING RADIOACTIVE IODINE THERAPY
Authors: CHANG D. C. S. , WOODCOCK J. P. , SHEDDEN E. J. , LAZARUS J. H. , WHEELER M. H. , McGREGOR A. M. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYIn a group of 12 patients with Graves'hyperthyroidism, administration of 514±43 (mean±SD) MBq iodine‐131 was associated with a fall of superior thyroid artery (STA) blood flow in two at 6 months and in eight at 11 months. The reduction in time‐averaged velocity at 11 months correlated with the reduction in FT4 (r = 0.72, P < 0.01) and in FT3 (r = 0.64, P < 0.025) at this time. In four patients who had persistent elevated STA blood flow, two were still hyperthyroid. The diameter of the STA was unchanged at 6 months and only half the patients had reduction of their STA size at 11 months after radioiodine (RAI) therapy. These data indicate that normalization of STA blood flow precedes normalization of STA size in patients treated with RAI. Further work is required to determine whether STA blood flow measurements are of predictive value in treatment outcome.
SEXUAL PRECOCITY INDUCED BY OVARIAN FOLLICULAR CYSTS. IS AUTOIMMUNITY INVOLVED?
Authors: STOKVIS‐BRANTSMA W. H. , VAN WEISSENBRUCH M. M. , WIT J. M. , SCHOEMAKER J. , DREXHAGE H. A. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYA 2‐year‐old girl presented with gonadotrophin‐independent precocious puberty due to ovarian follicles. Central precocious puberty was excluded by several GnRH‐tests and overnight LH sampling. There were no signs of McCune‐Albright syndrome. An ovarian tumour was excluded by laparotomy and biopsies. Abdominal sonography demonstrated follicles occurring mostly in the left, sometimes in the right, ovary. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) purified from the patient's serum was capable of stimulating DNA synthesis in granulosa cells of rat ovarian segments kept in organ culture. Since FSH had a similar in‐vitro action it is hypothesized that this patient's IgG mimics the action of FSH.
LH AND FSH SECRETION AND RESPONSES TO GnRH AND TRH IN PATIENTS WITH CLINICALLY FUNCTIONLESS PITUITARY ADENOMAS
Authors: WHITE M. C. , DANIELS M. , NEWLAND P. , THOMPSON C. J. , COOK D. , DEWAR J. , PERRY R. , JEWITT R. , MATHIAS D. , MURDOCH A. P. , KENDALL‐TAYLOR P. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYSerum concentrations of LH and FSH and their response to the separate administration of GnRH (100 μg i. v.) and TRH (200 μg i. v.) have been studied preoperatively in 12 patients with a clinically functionless pituitary adenoma, of whom nine (3F:6M) were found to secrete gonadotrophins in vitro. In three patients with a gonadotrophin‐secreting adenoma (GSA) the pulsatile release of LH and FSH was also assessed preoperatively. An elevated serum FSH was recorded in six of nine patients with a GSA, and was subnormal in one, whilst an elevated LH was recorded in only two and was subnormal in six. A doubling of LH occurred in only four of the nine patients after GnRH and in three of six after TRH. None of the three patients with a non‐GSA was shown to have an aberrant response to GnRH or TRH. In patients with a GSA, pulsatile release of LH and FSH was usually asynchronous and neither hormone demonstrated any regular harmonic pattern. These data show that in patients with a GSA the serum FSH level is usually elevated but this is not invariable, and the LH may well be low. Pathological responses of LH are frequently found following the administration of either GnRH or TRH and these stimulation tests should be performed separately in patients presenting with a clinically‘non‐functioning’pituitary tumour to assist in the preoperative diagnosis. The absence of normal LH and FSH pulsing also appears to be a feature of GS adenomas, and suggests that tumorous gonadotrophin secretion is not under physiological control by hypothalamic GnRH.
CYTOFLUOROMETRIC ANALYSIS OF LYMPHOCYTE SUBSETS IN THYROID ASPIRATES FROM PATIENTS WITH AUTONOMOUSLY FUNCTIONING NODULE*
Authors: FARSETTI A. , PONTECORVI A. , ANTONOZZI I. , ANDREOLI M. , GAETANO C. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYA microscale method, based on two‐colour dye immunolabelling and flow sorting cytofluorometry, was used to characterize lymphocyte subsets in thyroid tissue specimens obtained by fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) in 21 patients with autonomously functioning thyroid nodule (AFTN) and five patients with cold thyroid nodule (CTN). Inversion of the ratio between CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes, due to a relative increase of CD8+ cells, was found among intrathyroidal lymphocytes in AFTN patients. The abnormal lymphocyte subset distribution was not observed in the peripheral blood of the same group of patients. In patients with CTN the lymphocyte subset distribution was normal, both in the thyroid and in the peripheral blood. In AFTN patients, a significant correlation was observed between the decrease of intrathyroidal CD4+/CD8+ ratio and the increase of plasma thyroid hormone levels. Whether the immunological abnormalities found in AFTN could play a pathogenetic role in the clinical presentation and outcome of the disease remains to be established. The FNA‐applied micromethod used in this study could be extended as a routine investigation to characterize the immunogenic substrate of thyroid disorders.
PROLACTIN SECRETION IN WOMEN DURING THE OESTRADIOL‐INDUCED LUTEINIZING HORMONE SURGE WITH OR WITHOUT PROGESTERONE
Authors: MESSINIS I. E. , TEMPLETON A. A. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYTo study the role of progesterone (P4) in the control of PRL increase during the midcycle LH surge, eight normally ovulating women were treated with i. m. injections of oeštradiol benzoate (E2B) every 12h during the early follicular phase of two different cycles (from cycle days 2 to 4). In the second cycle P4 injections were also given to the women every 12 h starting at the end of the E2B treatment (from cycle days 4 to 6). Circadian periodicity of serum PRL levels during the E2‐induced LH surge did not differ significantly between the E2B and the E2B + P4 experiments. Evening PRL levels increased significantly in both experiments with a peak during the LH surge and no significant difference between them. We conclude that administration of P4 to normal women does not alter the increase in PRL secretion during the LH surge induced by exogenous oestrogen. It is suggested that P4 is not involved in the mechanism controlling midcycle PRL secretion.
METABOLIC EFFECTS OF AN INSULIN‐LIKE FACTOR CAUSING HYPOGLYCAEMIA IN A PATIENT WITH A HAEMANGIOPERICYTOMA
Authors: BENN J. J. , FIRTH R. G. R. , SÖNKSEN P. H. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYWe have studied a patient with fasting hypoglycaemia and skin lesions (sign of Leser‐Trélat) related to a retroperitoneal haemangiopericytoma in whom removal of the tumour resulted in immediate cure of hypoglycaemia. Before removal of the tumour, severe fasting hypoglycaemia was associated with undetectable insulin and C‐peptide levels. She required 16.9 μmol/kg/min (10.4 g/h) of glucose intravenously to prevent hypoglycaemia and endogenous glucose production (measured using tritiated glucose) was suppressed to 1.3 μmol/kg/min while the whole‐body glucose utilization rate was elevated at 18.2 μmol/kg/min. After removal of the tumour both endogenous glucose production rate and utilization rate returned to normal (11‐5 μmol/kg/min). Resting energy expenditure, measured by indirect calorimetry, was markedly elevated at 2109 kcal/day (161% of predicted) and fell to 1205 (97% of predicted) after the tumour was removed. Glucose oxidation was also enhanced at 8.5 μmol/kg/min and fell to 3‐3 μmol/kg/min after removal of the tumour. Other metabolites and hormones measured, and their response to oral glucose, were all consistent with the presence of a circulating substance with similar properties to insulin. We conclude that her hypoglycaemia resulted primarily from suppression of endogenous glucose production but also from enhanced glucose utilization. These effects were the result of a circulating growth factor sharing many metabolic effects with insulin, but with a much greater effect on resting energy expenditure and glucose oxidation.
COLON CANCER AND POLYPS IN ACROMEGALY: INCREASED RISK ASSOCIATED WITH FAMILY HISTORY OF COLON CANCER
Authors: BRUNNER JOHN E. , JOHNSON CHRISTINE COLE , ZAFAR SAEED , PETERSON EDWARD L. , BRUNNER JOHN F. , MELLINGER RAYMOND C. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYA cohort of 52 subjects diagnosed with acromegaly in southeastern Michigan and northern Ohio between 1935 and 1985 were followed to determine the incidence of colon cancer and polyps. Medical records were reviewed, subjects or their next‐of‐kin were interviewed, and screening examinations of the colon were offered to the living patients who were located. Data on demographics, personal histories of cancer and colon polyps, family history of colon cancer, and cure from acromegaly were obtained for both living and deceased subjects. The risk for colon cancer compared to the general population was estimated using standardized incidence ratios (SIRs). The expected number of cases was determined utilizing age, sex and race‐specific rates provided by the cancer registry in southeastern Michigan. Among the 52 subjects, one could not be located and nine were deceased, none from colon cancer, with one known to have a history of colon polyps. Of 13 (31 %) who declined the screening physical, one had a history of polyps and none reported a history of colon cancer. Two of 29 screened patients were found to have right‐sided adenocarcinoma of the colon. Of the entire cohort, eight people (including one deceased) had a current or previous diagnosis of polyps, with five known to be histologically adenomatous. The SIR for colon cancer was 4.7 (95% confidence interval 0.6–17.1). Seven subjects, including the two with detected adenocarcinoma and four of the six living subjects with polyps only, reported a family history of colon cancer. The SIR for the subset of subjects with a family history of colon cancer was 29.1 (95% confidence interval of 3.5–104.6). Logistic regression analysis of the subset of the acromegalic cohort that was screened demonstrated that family history of colon cancer and male gender were predictive of the presence of colonic neoplasms at P< 0.001 and P< 0.009, respectively. This study supports the association between acromegaly and colon cancer reported by others and suggests that an increased risk of colon cancer in these patients may be associated with a family history of colon cancer. We recommend that patients with acromegaly routinely undergo colon cancer screening, particularly those with a positive family history for colon malignancies.
TESTOSTERONE REDUCES THE BIOACTIVITY OF LUTEINIZING HORMONE (LH) IN MAN
Authors: TSATSOULIS A. , SHALET S. M. , RICHARDSON P. , ROBERTSON W. R. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe effect of testosterone on LH bioactivity was investigated in six adult men (aged 40–56 years) with primary hypogonadism. Two men received a 400 mg testosterone implant, another two 800 mg, and the final two patients received both doses in consecutive courses separated by at least 4 weeks. Plasma samples, obtained before and at 1,2,4,8,16 and 24 weeks after treatment, were analysed for bioactive LH by the mouse Leydig cell bioassay, and immunoreactive LH and testosterone (T) by standard radioimmunoassays. The bioactive to immunoreactive (B: I) LH ratio, an index of LH biopotency, was calculated and the results compared with those from a group (n= 17) of healthy adult men. Before treatment, both bioactive and immunoreactive LH levels in the patients were higher and T levels lower than in the normal men (P< 0.0001). The mean ± SD B: I LH ratio (3.5 ± 0.6) in the patients was greater (P <005) than in the controls (2.7±0.7), indicating that in primary testicular failure, increased amounts of LH with enhanced bioactivity are secreted. Following T administration, a dose‐related increase in circulating T and a reciprocal decrease in LH levels was observed between 1 and 16 weeks of treatment. However, there was a more pronounced decline in bioactive rather than immunoreactive LH levels, so that the B:I LH ratios decreased (P<0.001) from basal values after treatment. There was a negative correlation (r=−0.82, P<0.001) between circulatingT levels and B: I LH ratios; the stronger the feedback signal, the lower the B: I LH ratio. It is concluded that testosterone negative feedback modifies not only the quantity but also the biological quality of secreted LH.
PLASMA CORTICOTROPHIN‐RELEASING FACTOR AND VASOPRESSIN RESPONSES TO HYPOGLYCAEMIA IN NORMAL MAN
Authors: ELLIS M. J. , SCHMIDLI R. S. , DONALD R. A. , LIVESEY J. H. , ESPINER E. A. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe plasma Cortisol, ACTH, AVP and corticotrophin‐releasing factor (CRF) responses to insulin‐induced hypoglycaemia were investigated in six normal men using a controlled, randomized, cross‐over design. Hormonal concentrations were determined following insulin or saline injection. The maximum Cortisol response was seen at 90 min while plasma ACTH, AVP and CRF concentrations peaked at 45 min following insulin injection. The responses of the insulin‐treated and control groups were compared by assessing the incremental response from baseline (pre‐injection) to peak hormone levels. A significant increase was observed for each hormone following insulin injection. The mean of the incremental responses between 30 and 120 min in each subject was also statistically greater for each hormone in the insulin‐treated group when compared with the control group. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that AVP and CRF are both physiological mediators of ACTH secretion induced by a hypoglycaemic stress.
Thyroxine replacement in post‐radioiodine hypothyroidism
Authors: Bearcroft C. P. , Toms G. C. , Williams S. J. , Noonan K. , Monson J. P. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryThyroxine replacement dose in 70 patients with postradioiodine (for Graves’ thyrotoxicosis) hypothyroidism was compared with that in 34 patients with autoimmune hypothyroidism matched for age and sex and diagnosed during the same period. Median replacement dose In the post‐radlolodine group (100 μg daily) was significantly lower (P = 0·006) than in the autoimmune hypothyroid group (137·5 μg daily). Furthermore there was marked variation in the time elapsing from onset of post–radio‐Iodine hypothyroidism to achievement of a given maintenance dose. These findings may be explained by persistence of non–TSH mediated thyroid function, after radioiodine therapy for Graves’ thyrotoxicosis. The observations indicate the potential risk of overtreatment'with thyroxine In post‐radioiodine hypothyroidism unless the dose is carefully titrated against serum TSH levels. Final thyroxine requirements may not be evident in the initial phase of treatment and patients with apparently low maintenance thyroxine requirements require long‐term follow up