bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic and phenotypic studies of the dark‐like mutant mouse
Authors: Cota Christina D. , Liu Roy R. , Sumberac Theresa M. , Jung SeungWoo , Vencato Daniela , Millet Yoann H. , Gunn Teresa M. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe dark‐like (dal) mutant mouse has a pleiotropic phenotype that includes dark dorsal hairs and reproductive degeneration. Their pigmentation phenotype is similar to Attractin (Atrn) mutants, which also develop vacuoles throughout the brain. In further characterizing the testicular degeneration of dal mutant males, we found that they had reduced serum testosterone and developed vacuoles in their testes. Genetic crosses placed dal upstream of the melanocortin 1 receptor (Mc1r) and downstream of agouti, although dal suppressed the effect of agouti on pigmentation but not body weight. Atrnmg‐3J and dal showed additive effects on pigmentation, testicular vacuolation, and spongiform neurodegeneration, but transgenic overexpression of Attractin‐like‐1 (Atrnl1), which compensates for loss of ATRN, did not rescue dal mutant phenotypes. Our results suggest dal and Atrn function in the same pathway and that identification of the dal gene will provide insight into molecular mechanisms of vacuolation in multiple cell types. genesis 46:562–573, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Uncommon Solvent Effect in Oxidative Addition of MeI to a New Dinuclear Platinum Complex Containing a Platina(II)cyclopentane Moiety
Authors: Hoseini S. Jafar , Nabavizadeh S. Masoud , Jamali Sirous , Rashidi Mehdi 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe reaction of the known complex cis,cis‐[Me2Pta(μ‐dppm)(μ‐SMe2)Ptb–CH2(CH2)2CcH2(Ptb–Cc)] [dppm = bis(diphenylphosphanyl)methane] with phthalazine (NN) proceeded by replacement of the labile bridging SMe2 ligand with the bidentate N‐donor ligand NN to give cis,cis‐[Me2Pta(μ‐dppm)(μ‐NN)Ptb–CH2(CH2)2CcH2(Ptb–Cc)] (1) as a pale red solid in good yield. The complex was fully characterized by multinuclear (1H, 31P, 195Pt) NMR spectroscopy. The subsequent reaction of complex 1 with excess MeI gave the colorless diplatinum(IV) complex [Me3Pta(μ‐dppm)(μ‐I)2Ptb{CH2(CH2)2CcH2(Ptb–Cc)}Me], in which the bridging NN ligand is replaced by bridging iodido ligands. The reddish color of complex 1, which is due to a metal‐to‐ligand charge transfer (MLCT) band in the visible region, was used to monitor its reaction with MeI in the solvents acetone, CH2Cl2, and benzene. The kinetic data revealed that the reactions in nonpolar benzene or slightly polar CH2Cl2 proceeded in two steps, each following a common SN2 mechanism. In the first step, MeI attacked the platina(II)cyclopentane center rather than the dimethylplatinum(II) center, because the first center is more electron‐rich than the second center. In the more polar acetone, the reaction proceeded similarly, with the exception that each step was accompanied by a solvolytic reaction, which was suggested to be responsible for the unusually slower reaction rate in acetone than in benzene or CH2Cl2. Consistently, the reaction rate in the highly polar solvent CH3CN was too slow for any meaningful measurement.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Lewis Acid Catalyzed Reactions of Donor–Acceptor Cyclopropanes with Anthracenes
Authors: Ivanova Olga A. , Budynina Ekaterina M. , Grishin Yuri K. , Trushkov Igor V. , Verteletskii Pavel V. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe reactions of 2‐aryl‐1,1‐cyclopropane diesters with anthracene derivatives were studied for the first time. Three kinds of reaction products are formed depending on the nature of the aryl group and the substituents in the anthracene. The first one is the product of [4+3] cycloaddition of cyclopropane to a diene moiety of anthracene. The second one also has a seven‐membered ring and is formed by the Lewis acid catalyzed electrophilic attack of cyclopropane onto the C9 atom of anthracene followed by intramolecular attack of the formed arenonium ion on aryl group of the starting cyclopropane. Lastly, the common Friedel–Crafts products are formed. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Straightforward Strategy for the Stereoselective Synthesis of Spiro‐Fused (C‐5)Isoxazolino‐ or (C‐3)Pyrazolino‐(C‐3)quinolin‐2‐ones from Baylis–Hillman Adducts by 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition and Reductive Cyclization
Authors: Singh Virender , Singh Vijay , Batra Sanjay 
Published: September 2008

AbstractA straightforward and general approach for the stereoselective synthesis of spiro‐fused (C‐5)isoxazolino‐ or (C‐3)pyrazolino‐(C‐3)quinolin‐2‐ones from the adducts offorded from the Baylis–Hillman reaction of 2‐nitrobenzaldehyde and ethyl acrylate by sequential 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition and reductive cyclization is presented. It was found that the reductive cyclization of the isoxazoline derivatives proceeded efficiently in the presence of In/HCl, whereas similar reductions of pyrazolines gave better yields when carried out in the presence of an Fe/AcOH mixture. However, similar attempts employing the Baylis–Hillman adduct of 2‐nitrobenzaldehyde and methyl vinyl ketone did not yield the desired compounds.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
An autoregressive point source model for spatial processes
Authors: Hughes‐Oliver Jacqueline M. , Heo Tae‐Young , Ghosh Sujit K. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractWe suggest a parametric modeling approach for nonstationary spatial processes driven by point sources. Baseline near‐stationarity, which may be reasonable in the absence of a point source, is modeled using a conditional autoregressive (CAR) Markov random field. Variability due to the point source is captured by our proposed autoregressive point source (ARPS) model. Inference proceeds according to the Bayesian hierarchical paradigm, and is implemented using Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods. The parametric approach allows a formal test of effectiveness of the point source. Application is made to a real dataset on electric potential measurements in a field containing a metal pole and the finding is that our approach captures the pole's impact on small‐scale variability of the electric potential process. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Integrative genome‐wide analysis reveals a robust genomic glioblastoma signature associated with copy number driving changes in gene expression
Authors: Tayrac Marie de , Etcheverry Amandine , Aubry Marc , Saïkali Stephan , Hamlat Abderrahmane , Quillien Veronique , Treut André Le , Galibert Marie‐Dominique , Mosser Jean 
Published: September 2008

AbstractGlioblastoma multiforme shows multiple chromosomal aberrations, the impact of which on gene expression remains unclear. To investigate this relationship and to identify putative initiating genomic events, we integrated a paired copy number and gene expression survey in glioblastoma using whole human genome arrays. Loci of recurrent copy number alterations were combined with gene expression profiles obtained on the same tumor samples. We identified a set of 406 “cis‐acting DNA targeted genes” corresponding to genomic aberrations with direct copy‐number‐driving changes in gene expression, defined as genes with either significantly concordant or correlated changes in DNA copy number and expression. Functional annotation revealed that these genes participate in key processes of cancer cell biology, providing insights into the genetic mechanisms driving glioblastoma. The robustness of the gene selection was validated on an external microarray data set including 81 glioblastomas and 23 non‐neoplastic brain samples. The integration of array CGH and gene expression data highlights a robust cis‐acting DNA targeted genes signature that may be critical for glioblastoma progression, with two tumor suppressor genes PCDH9 and STARD13 that could be involved in tumor invasiveness and resistance to etoposide. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prefrontal brain morphology and executive function in healthy and depressed elderly
Authors: Elderkin‐Thompson Virginia , Hellemann Gerhard , Pham Daniel , Kumar Anand 
Published: September 2008

AbstractObjectivesLate‐life depression is known to correlate independently with decreased brain volumes in anterior cingulate, gyrus rectus and orbitofrontal cortex and with executive dysfunction, but the relationship between morphometry of reduced volume regions and executive dysfunction has not been well defined.MethodsNondepressed and depressed elders completed five executive tests, a standard panel of laboratory tests and magnetic resonance imaging. Images of the prefrontal cortex were manually masked and automatically segmented and regional brain volumes were calculated. Executive scores and error rates were regressed on bilateral white and gray matter volumes of anterior cingulate, gyrus rectus and orbitofrontal.ResultsGyrus rectus was associated positively with scores on sequencing and nonverbal abstract reasoning, and negatively with two fluency error scores. Four positive interactions indicated that performance of controls was more closely associated with increased volume than that of depressed patients. Anterior cingulate was associated positively with two nonverbal reasoning tasks and with three positive interactions. Orbitofrontal volumes were negatively associated with correct responses and errors on two fluency tasks. One interaction showed controls' performance decreased more than depressed patients with increased volume.ConclusionsIndividual executive tasks correlate positively with volumes of anterior cingulate and gyrus rectus regions and negatively with orbitofrontal region. The orbitofrontal relationship suggests a loss of inhibitory control with decreased volume because both correct and incorrect answers on fluency tasks increased per unit decrease in volume. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hepatitis delta virus inhibits alpha interferon signaling #
Authors: Pugnale Paolo , Pazienza Valerio , Guilloux Kévin , Negro Francesco 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) can cause severe acute and chronic liver disease in patients infected with hepatitis B virus. Interferon-α (IFN-α) is the only treatment reported to be effective in chronic hepatitis delta, albeit in a minority of patients. The molecular mechanisms underlying resistance to therapy are unclear. IFN-α–induced activation of the Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) signaling cascade is essential for the induction of an antiviral state. Interference of HDV with the JAK-STAT pathway could be responsible for the IFN-α resistance in chronic hepatitis delta patients. We analyzed IFN-α–induced signal transduction through the JAK-STAT pathway in human hepatoma cells transfected with the complete HDV genome. The expression of IFN-α–stimulated genes was investigated with reverse transcription real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). STATs and JAKs activations were examined by immunofluorescence and immunoblot. The IFN-α–stimulated genes coding for the antiviral proteins myxovirus resistance A, double-stranded RNA (dsRNA)-activated protein kinase and 2′,5′-oligoadenylate synthetase were down-regulated in HDV-transfected hepatoma cells in response to IFN-α treatment. HDV severely impaired the phosphorylation of both STAT1 and STAT2, thus preventing their accumulation in the nucleus. Furthermore, HDV blocked the IFN-α–stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of IFN receptor-associated JAK kinase Tyk2, without affecting either the tyrosine phosphorylation of Jak1 or the expression of type I IFN receptor subunits. Conclusions: IFN-α–induced intracellular signaling is impaired in HDV-transfected human hepatoma cells. HDV subverts the effect of IFN-α by blocking Tyk2 activation, thereby resulting in selective impairment of activation and translocation to the nucleus of STAT1 and STAT2. Interference of HDV with IFN-α signaling could represent an important mechanism of viral persistence and treatment resistance. (Hepatology 2008.)
Inhibition of autophagy at a late stage enhances imatinib‐induced cytotoxicity in human malignant glioma cells
Authors: Shingu Takashi , Fujiwara Keishi , Bögler Oliver , Akiyama Yasuhiko , Moritake Kouzo , Shinojima Naoki , Tamada Yutaka , Yokoyama Tomohisa , Kondo Seiji 
Published: September 2008

AbstractMalignant gliomas are common primary tumors of the central nervous system. The prognosis of patients with malignant glioma is poor in spite of current intensive therapy and thus novel therapeutic modalities are necessary. Imatinib mesylate, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, is effective in the therapy of tumors including leukemias but not as a monotherapy for malignant glioma. Recently, it is thought that the adequate modulation of autophagy can enhance efficacy of anticancer therapy. The outcome of autophagy manipulation, however, seems to depend on the autophagy initiator, the combined stimuli, the extent of cellular damage and the type of cells, and it is not yet fully understood how we should modulate autophagy to augment efficacy of each anticancer therapy. In this study, we examined the effect of imatinib with or without different types of autophagy inhibitors on human malignant glioma cells. Imatinib inhibited the viability of U87‐MG and U373‐MG cells in a dose dependent manner and caused nonapoptotic autophagic cell death. Suppression of imatinib‐induced autophagy by 3‐methyladenine or small interfering RNA against Atg5, which inhibit autophagy at an early stage, attenuated the imatinib‐induced cytotoxicity. In contrast, inhibition of autophagy at a late stage by bafilomycin A1 or RTA 203 enhanced imatinib‐induced cytotoxicity through the induction of apoptosis following mitochondrial disruption. Our findings suggest that therapeutic efficiency of imatinib for malignant glioma may be augmented by inhibition of autophagy at a late stage, and that appropriate modulation of autophagy may sensitize tumor cells to anticancer therapy. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evaluation of thoracic tumors with 18F‐FMT and 18F‐FDG PET‐CT: A clinicopathological study
Authors: Kaira Kyoichi , Oriuchi Noboru , Shimizu Kimihiro , Ishikita Tomohiro , Higuchi Tetsuya , Imai Hisao , Yanagitani Noriko , Sunaga Noriaki , Hisada Takeshi , Ishizuka Tamotsu , Kanai Yoshikatsu , Endou Hitoshi , Nakajima Takashi , Endo Keigo , Mori Masatomo 
Published: September 2008

AbstractL‐[3‐18F]‐α‐methyltyrosine (18F‐FMT) is an aminoacid tracer for positron emission tomography (PET). The aim of this study was to determine whether PET‐CT with 18F‐FMT provides additional information for the preoperative diagnostic workup as compared with 18F‐FDG PET. PET‐CT studies with 18F‐FMT and 18F‐FDG were performed as a part of the preoperative workup in 36 patients with histologically confirmed bronchial carcinoma, 6 patients with benign lesions and a patient with atypical carcinoid. Expression of L‐type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1), CD98, Ki‐67 labeling index, VEGF, CD31 and CD34 of the resected tumors were analyzed by immunohistochemical staining, and correlated with the uptake of PET tracers. For the detection of pulmonary malignant tumors, 18F‐FMT PET exhibited a sensitivity of 84% whereas the sensitivity for 18F‐FDG PET was 89% (p = 0.736). 18F‐FMT PET‐CT and 18F‐FDG PET‐CT agreed with pathological staging in 85 and 68%, respectively (p = 0.151). 18F‐FMT uptake was closely correlated with LAT1, CD98, cell proliferation and angiogenesis. The specificity of 18F‐FMT PET for diagnosing thoracic tumors was higher than that of 18F‐FDG PET. Our results suggest that coexpression of LAT1 and CD98 in addition to cell proliferation and angiogenesis is relavant for the progression and metastasis of lung cancer. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Snow removal and its influence on temperature and N dynamics in alpine soils (Vallée d'Aoste, northwest Italy)
Authors: Freppaz Michele , Celi Luisella , Marchelli Marco , Zanini Ermanno 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe effect of a lack of snow cover in winter was investigated in two soils, beneath larch and meadow, in NW Italy (Vallée d'Aoste Region). During the late 1980s and early 1990s and 2000s, this region experienced extreme climatic conditions including a low snow pack and lack of snow cover for extended periods with important effects on soil temperature and nutrient dynamics. In particular, the mountain belt in the Alps may be extremely sensitive to these phenomena, in relation to the rise in average snowline projected under a warmer global climate.The study area is located at an elevation of 1450 m asl in the Italian Alps (Mont Mars Natural Reserve). During the winter 2003/04, snow was continuously removed in a treatment plot while a reference plot was maintained undisturbed. Soil temperature was measured at 10 cm depth by data loggers (UTL‐1). Soil N transformations in the topsoil (10 cm depth) were determined by the buried‐bag technique.The removal of the snow cover caused a significant decrease in soil temperature, related to concurrent decreases in air temperature. The lowest soil temperatures recorded were –4.3°C and –4.5°C beneath larch and meadow, respectively, on January 31, 2004. Soil temperature in the undisturbed plots was maintained above the freezing point when the snow cover was present. The snow removal caused significant increases in net ammonification in both soils and net nitrification only under meadow, but did not affect microbial biomass N which decreased in both plots.Our results suggest that the lower temperature reached in the plot without snow favored the production of inorganic N by physical rather than microbial degradation of soil organic matter (SOM). Soil freezing could enhance soil‐aggregate disruption releasing physically protected SOM and fragmentation of OM itself.
Enhanced preservation effects of sugar apple fruits by salicylic acid treatment during post‐harvest storage
Authors: Mo Yiwei , Gong Deqiang , Liang Guobin , Han Ruihong , Xie Jianghui , Li Weicai 
Published: September 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: Salicylic acid (SA) is recognised as an endogenous signal, mediating in plant defense and against pathogens. It has been reported that SA treatment can reduce decay and extend storage life of various fruit, such as bananas, peaches and apples.RESULTS: Physiological and biochemical responses in harvested sugar apple fruit (Annona squamosa L.) to SA at 0.4, 0.8 and 1.2 mmol L−1 were investigated during post‐harvest storage. Results indicated that SA treatments lowered respiration, increased activities of antioxidant enzymes of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX), decreased lipoxygenase (LOX) activity and correspondingly lowered Malondialdehyde (MDA) contents in treated fruits was observed as compared to the control. Moreover, production of superoxide free radical (O2•, −) and ethylene was significantly decreased in the treated fruits. Total soluble solids, total soluble sugar, softness and decay rate were significantly lowered in treated fruits, and in turn a delay in the fruits ripening process was achieved after 10 days of storage.CONCLUSION: SA has positive effects in maintaining membrane integrity and in delaying fruit ripening process, which results in improved storability of sugar apple. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Heat Transfer and Nascent Polymerisation of Olefins on Supported Catalysts
Authors: Olalla Beatriz , Broyer Jean‐Pierre , McKenna Timothy F.L. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractAn improved gas phase reactor system has been designed and tested in order to study heat transfer in gas phase olefin polymerisation on supported catalysts. It is shown that temperature rise in a fixed bed configuration is highly dependent on the flow rate of gas, with higher outlet gas temperatures being observed at higher flow rates. In addition it is shown that the shape of the rate curve is dependent on the initial conditions of the reaction, suggesting that the mechanism of particle fragmentation depends to a certain extent on the start‐up of the reaction.
In‐Line Monitoring of Bulk Polypropylene Reactors Based on Data Reconciliation Procedures
Authors: Prata Diego Martinez , Lima Enrique Luis , Pinto José Carlos 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe main objective of this work is the implementation of a nonlinear dynamic data reconciliation (NDDR) procedure for the in‐line monitoring of the bulk propylene polymerization, as performed in a real industrial site. Special attention is given to monitoring of the melt flow index (MI) of the polymer product obtained in an industrial extruder at different operating conditions. In order to do that, a model is developed to describe the polymerization process and the controlled degradation of polypropylene in a reactive extruder. The model is implemented in real time, allowing for in‐line and real‐time monitoring of the plant operation.
Effect of Cooling Fluid Flow Rate on the Estimation of Conversion by Calorimetry in a Lab‐Scale Reactor
Authors: Esposito Marcelo , Sayer Claudia , Machado Ricardo A. F. , Araújo Pedro H. H. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractSignificant information about polymerization reactions carried out in lab‐scale reactors is lost because sampling is not always possible due to the high viscosity, heterogeneity of the reaction medium or pressurization of the reactor. Thus, monitoring these reactions through calorimetry technique could be very valuable. Nevertheless, standard lab‐scale reactors can present a relatively high residence time of the cooling fluid in the jacket and significant heat loss of the jacket to the surroundings. In the present work, the effect of the cooling fluid flow rate on the estimation of conversion through isothermal and isoperibolic calorimetry during a batch emulsion polymerization was investigated. Results show that the estimation of conversion through isothermal and isoperibolic calorimetry was not significantly affected by the cooling fluid flow rate using heat flow calorimetry. Nevertheless, when employing the energy balance of the jacket and the estimation of the global heat exchange coefficient between the jacket and the surroundings to estimate conversion (heat balance calorimetry) better results were obtained for lower cooling fluid flow rates.
Modelling Polymer Particle Deformation on Mineral Surfaces ‐ Part I: Validation of Initial Concepts
Authors: Araujo Odair , Brauge Laurent , Findlay Andrew D. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractA simple model based on elastic and attraction forces is proposed to describe the spreading of a cross‐linked polymer particle on one or two surfaces. The model considers the internal elastic forces between the knots of reticulation and the external attraction forces between the particle and the mineral surface. The deformation and therefore the final shape of the particle is a resultant of the applied forces. The model is validated by fitting with experimental data of latex spreading on mineral surfaces, and the next steps towards using this knowledge to help design new particle structures and morphology are outlined.