bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pressure Transient Analysis for a Stratified Water-Dissolved and Mud-Adsorbed Gas Formation
Authors: Arihara Norio , Nakamura Keigo , Abbaszadeh Maghsood , Tamura Kazuhiro 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
This paper studies pressure transient behavior in a water-dissolved and mud-adsorbed gas reservoir, from which gas is co-produced with water saturating stratified sandstone and mudstone laminae of a high permeability contrast. There are horizontal flow into wellbore from the permeable sand layers and vertical crossflow in reservoir from mudstone laminae into sand zones because of extremely low permeability of mud layers. When reservoir pressure declines, dissolved gas in brine is liberated from both the sand and mud layers, and two-phase flow occurs towards production wells. In addition to dissolved gas, adsorbed gas on mud particle surfaces is also liberated as reservoir pressure decreased.
A new model is formulated for two-phase gas and water flow in a multilayer system including gas desorption effects and crossflow in the formation. Gas desorption is modeled by Langmuir isotherm with instantaneous diffusion. New type curves are provided in terms of total phase mobility-thickness ratio K, storativity ratio, and two-phase crossflow parameter. The effect of gas desorption is accounted for by through equivalent total compressibility. Distinct features of type curves are illustrated for pseudo-steady state and transient inter-layer crossflow. An actual well test is analyzed by the present model to yield the layer properties of strong contrast.
P. 65
Field Implementation of Geological Steering Techniques Optimizes Drilling in Highly-Deviated and Horizontal Wells
Authors: Jackson Charles E. , Illfelder Herbert M. J. , Pineda Giser 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
In geological steering, the well path's position is monitored by comparing logs obtained while drilling to logs predicted from a geological model prepared before drilling. Often, important petrophysical evaluation of the logged data needed to refine the geological model is done offsite, delaying full use of the resulting model until subsequent wells are drilled. Furthermore, conclusions drawn from comparisons of logged and predicted data are often presented in geological and logging terms, and are not always explained in clearly defined drilling objectives.
This paper describes a field implementation of an integrated wellsite geological steering service. The service provides timely, useful feedback from real-time logging-while-drilling (LWD) measurements for making immediate course corrections. This service's real-time aspect and its capability to furnish information easily understandable to the geologist, LWD analyst, and driller alike help optimize drilling to the target zone. Visualization is key to this understanding and is provided through interactive multidimensional displays of both the geological and petrophysical properties of formations being penetrated by the wellbore.
This service's true value is realized through incorporation of unique well-planning utilities that automatically incorporate the logged and predicted data and the geological model to help accurately guide the well. As an ancillary benefit, the same computational engine used by the steering service can be employed to sharpen the petrophysical analysis of the logged data used for formation evaluation. This paper briefly reviews forward modeling techniques and describes fundamental principles underlying the new application. Examples illustrate the application of the new service.
Horizontal Well Technology in the Oilfield of China
Authors: Xiange Liu , Shangqi Liu , Zhixiang Jiang 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
This paper describes the basic status of horizontal well development and recovery technology in the onshore oilfield of China, that including the technology developed from the bottom-water reservoirs (light oil), heavy oil reservoirs with thermal recovery, low permeability reservoirs and high water cut water flooding reservoirs, and approaching the problems existed in the further development.
Examination of Seismic Repeatability as a Key Element of Time-Lapse Seismic Monitoring
Authors: Hughes John K. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
The propagation of elastic waves in rocks is determined by the bulk modulus, shear modulus and bulk density of the rock. In porous rocks all these properties are affected by the distribution of pore space, the geometry and inter-connectivity of the pores, and the nature of the fluid occupying the pore space. In addition, the bulk and shear moduli are also affected by the effective pressure, equivalent to the difference between the confining (or lithostatic) pressure and pore pressure.
During production of hydrocarbons from a reservoir, the movement of fluids and changes in pore pressure may contribute to a significant change in the elastic moduli and bulk density of the reservoir rocks. This phenomenon is the basis for reservoir monitoring by repeated seismic (or time- lapse) surveys whereby the difference in seismic response during the lifetime of the field can be directly related to changes in the pore fluids and/or pore pressure. Under suitable conditions, these changes in the reservoir during production can be quantitatively estimated by appropriate repeat 3D seismic surveys which can contribute to the understanding of the reservoir model away from the wells. The benefit to reservoir management is a better flow model which incorporates the information derived from the seismic data.
What are suitable conditions? There are two primary factors which determine whether the reservoir changes we wish to observe will be detectable in the seismic data:
The magnitude of the change in the elastic moduli (and bulk density) of the reservoir rocks as a result of fluid displacement, pressure changes etc. The magnitude of the repeatability errors between time- lapse seismic surveys. This includes errors associated with seismic data collection, ambient noise and data processing.
The first is the signal component and the second the noise component. Previous reviews of seismic monitoring suggest that for 3D seismic surveys, a signal-to-noise ratio of 1.0 is sufficient for qualitative estimation of reservoir changes. Higher S/N ratios may allow quantitative estimates.
After a brief examination of the rock physics affecting the seismic signal, we examine the second factor, repeatability errors, and use a synthetic seismic model to illustrate some of the factors which contribute to repeatability error. We also use two land 3D surveys over a Middle East carbonate reservoir to illustrate seismic repeatabilty. The study finds that repeatability errors, while always larger than desired, are generally within limits which will allow production-induced changes in seismic reflectivity be confidently detected.
P. 519
Unique Test Process Resolves Junction Difficulties in a Multilateral Completion on the North Sea Statfjord Field
Authors: Hovda Sigve , Arrestad Arild , Bjorneli Hans Magnus , Freeman Austin 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
The Statfjord Field is the largest producing oilfield in the North Sea. To date, 159 wells have been drilled, 35 of which have been sidetracks. To increase the recoverable reserves for the remaining slots, it was felt that multilateral completions would provide the best option since the targeted reservoirs were small, and thus, would have to be combined to provide economic feasibility. The multilateral concept is comparatively new, and as with all pioneering technology, each field experience can present scenarios that have not previously been addressed.
This paper will discuss a problem that occurred during installation of well C-23. In this case, difficulties in cementing the area around the junction occurred. During later drawdowns, the junction partially collapsed, preventing fullbore access to the parent well bore.
After the problems were noted, a unique testing process was developed and used to determine the circumstances that had caused the junction failure. Since the integrity of the multilateral concept is dependent upon the efficiency of the junction area, the test process was also used to provide a comparison of the strength ratios of supported and unsupported junctions and to observe lateral liner loading.
The testing process succeeded in determining the cause of the C-23 problem and identified general requirements critical for maintaining integrity in the type of multilateral completion being used in the Statfjord Field. Since Statoil was planning two additional multilateral wells, it was particularly important to determine the reason for the C-23 difficulties so that a failure of this nature would be prevented in future wells.
P. 265
The Most Significant Application of Horizontal Wells in Eastern Europe
Authors: Kristof Peter , Vukov Ivan , Kecskes Tamas , Ordogh Balazs 
Published: December 2007

Summary
The presentation deals with the most important application of horizontal wells in Hungary, and as well - as we know - the most important application in Central- & Eastern Europe. The presented data refer to the production aspect of using horizontal wells and represent real data. The reason - of course - why we use horizontal wells, is to increase the production rate and the final rate of recovery. But, we use this technology in three total different reservoir.
The first one is the AP-1 3 reservoir, which has a very low permeability and high anisotropy. Obtaining the required production per well is possible only using horizontal wells.
The second area the application of horizontal wells is the reduction of gas coning in reservoir CsD-2. This reservoir is a very thin oil layer with big gas cap. The optimal production rate, GOR and GLR during production is possible to maintain only using horizontal wells.
The third field of the application of horizontal wells is to produce oil form the untouched zones of reservoir A-2. The most economical solution for oil production from these zones was the using horizontal wells.
Furthermore, there are applications of horizontal wells in Algyo field as gas producer and water injector wells. Data related to these two areas are briefly mentioned in the article.
The presentation does not deal with the exploitation, the drilling and completion of the wells, or other aspects of horizontal wells. The only one field touched in the presentation is production. We compare and analyze the production data of horizontal wells versus vertical wells, and we point in the horizontal wells advantages in production.
P. 417
Studies on the Prevention of Gas Hydrates Formation in Pipelines Using Potassium Formate as a Thermodynamic Inhibitor
Authors: Fadnes F.H. , Jakobsen T. , Bylov M. , Holst A. , Downs J.D. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Large volumes of methanol and glycol are routinely injected into gas transport pipelines to inhibit the formation of gas hydrates. Preliminary studies have indicated that potassium formate could be a more effective thermodynamic gas hydrate inhibitor for use in certain gas transport operations. Potassium lormate is a benign and environmentally-acceptable organic salt which is widely used in the oif fleld industry as a component of drilling and completion fluids. The influence of potassium formate on gas hydrate equilibria has been described in a thermodynamic model which closely fits experimental data generated in a high pressure PVT cell. Economic evaluations suggest that potassium formate is best suited for gas hydrate inhibition applications where inhibitor recovery and regeneration are practised, and where contamination of both the transported hydrocarbon and the local environment must be minimised.
P. 497
Modern Technique, Complete Sets, High Quality and High Speed Drilling Applied in Bohai
Authors: Wei Jiang 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
This paper mainly describes the application of ten advanced drilling techniques, by Bohai Corporation when doing its high quality and high speed drilling operations, such as PDC bit, guided motor drilling, PDC drillable float collar and shoe, slam-combination, MWD, top-drive drilling, compact well head, non-waiting time for cementing and linear shaleshaker etc.
The application of such techniques have not only played an active impetus role in enhancing drilling speed and ensuring field construction and development in Bohai, but also gradually established and completed a number of scientific and strict standards and control systems for quality evaluation and acceptance. More importantly, it helps change the ideology of the people and enhance management level and technical quality. Scientific progress and change of people's ideology, it will bring about great impact in Bohai oil field development and construction.
Development and Application of Horizontal Drilling Technology Onland in China
Authors: Wang Guanging , Su Yinao , Zhou Yuhui 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
This paper gives an introduction to the technical development and applications of horizontal drilling technologies on land in China since 1990's. It illustrates the distribution of the well locations, the characteristics of hydrocarbon reservoirs, the technical research achievements, the technical capabilities, the completion methods, the economic appraisals, the newly developed tools and instruments for the 160 horizontal wells drilled by CNPC(China National Petroleum Corporation). Some typical application of horizontal wells is also available.
P. 213
Effective Development of a Low PermeabilityReservoir Achieved: A Case Study
Authors: Li Xingxun , Wang Zhengde , Du Wenjun , Shen Nan , Yin Dongying 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Through constantly deepening the understanding of the reservoirs and adopting effective measures of adjustment and control, the low permeability heterogeneous reservoirs, Xishanyao reservoirs of Cainan oilfield, have been developed for four years in succession at the rate above 2.5% while maintaining the water-cut increasing rate under 3.5%. It means that the development of the reservoirs of the has reached a high level in Cainan oil field.
P. 351
Completion Technique of Sidetracked Horizontal Well
Authors: Cai Qingjun , Zhou Zhiqi , Wang Zenglin , Hu Fengtao , Li Leixiang 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
In order to raise the recovery ratio of maturing field, Shengli Petroleum Administration has carried out a project of sidetracking horizontal wells in existing straight wells from the latter of 1995. This paper will introduce the completion technique used to sidetrack horizontal wells within 5 1/2in casing including geologic condition, reservoir type, selection and design of completion type, researches and design of completion tubing along with downhole tools and wellbore treatment etc.. In addition, the question of reservoir protection is discussed, and a few conclusions were made.
P. 399
Main Problems in Developing Low Permeability Reservoir and Its Improvement Ways
Authors: Li Daopin 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
It is very difficult to develop the low permeability reservoir. Nowadays it faces serious challenging because of the decline of oil price. In the paper, based on a great amount of investigation, the main problems in developing low permeability reservoir with water flooding are pointed out and the main causes to form these problems are analyzed. According to the theoretical study and practical experiences, the main ways to develop the low permeability reservoir efficiently and economically are given. It is to raise the oil production, recovery rate and recovery factor on the basis of scientific and rational development plan on the one hand; to improve the process technology and reduce the investment and cost on the other hand. As a result, the better development results and economic benefit can be obtained in developing low permeability reservoirs.
P. 403
Successful Use of a Strategic Alliance for a Major Gas-Storage Project
Authors: Daniel Steve , Rubin Bill , Kozera Greg 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Before 1996, Columbia Gas Transmission was concerned about inefficiency in its business practices. In addition, the Market Expansion Project, a 3-year project that would double Columbia's deliverability to help meet market demands, was scheduled to begin in 1997. These situations prompted Columbia to consider forming a strategic alliance with several service companies to more efficiently accomplish its goals. In March 1996, Baroid Drilling (mud services), Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. (pumping services), WellTech Eastern, Inc. (rig services), Baker Atlas Logging Services (logging services), and Columbia Gas Transmission (storage services) joined to form the Columbia Appala-chian Storage Alliance (CASA). Since that time, the Alliance has been responsible for all of Columbia's well-storage work. This paper will discuss what prompted Columbia to seek an alliance, the processes involved in developing and structuring the alliance and choosing members, and the problems and successes encountered during the first 2 years of the alliance.
Inexact Newton-Krylov Methods for the Solution of Implicit Reservoir Simulation Problems
Authors: Kim Jong Gyun , Deo Milind D. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
For the solution of nonlinear equations resulting due to the implicit discretization of reservoir simulation partial differential equations, Newton's method has been an overwhelming choice. By providing robust and a considerably faster performance, the inexact Newton's methods offer attractive alternatives. Several Newton-Krylov inexact methods were examined for the solution of nonlinear equations arising in the finite-element discretization of a discrete-fracture reservoir simulation model. Two of the methods were found to be superior to the Newton's method. These techniques also had the additional advantage of being amenable to effective parallelization.
A Simple Method for Handling Irregular Boundaries in Reservoir Simulation
Authors: Carlson E. S. , Vora V. V. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
In this paper, we summarize a methodology based on multidimensional finite differencing (MDFD) for the numerical solution of partial differential equations. Although the general methodology is not new, we present some original modifications that use Cartesian-based gridding. In theory, this methodology is applicable for any type of boundary conditions, linear or nonlinear, steady state or unsteady state. The two most important characteristics of the methodology are the simplicity of the formulation and the fact that no distortion or refinement of the Cartesian grid is necessary to accommodate a non-Cartesian (irregular) boundary. For example cases, Neumann and Dirichlet conditions are applied in the numerical solution of the unsteady-state heat-conduction equation.
This paper has three primary benefits. First, we provide a classification system for MDFD methods. Second, we present a new MDFD method involving the combination of interpolation through nodes and regression through boundary conditions. Finally, we present cases where MDFD fails to provide an acceptable result, and other cases where super accuracy occurs.
A Comparison of Two-Phase Inflow Performance Relationships
Authors: Gallice Frederic , Wiggins Michael L. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Petroleum engineers are routinely required to predict the pressure-production behavior of individual oil wells. These estimates of well performance assist the engineer in evaluating various operating conditions, determining the optimum production scheme, and designing production equipment and artificial lift systems.
In this paper, commonly used empirical inflow performance relationships for estimating the pressure-production behavior during two-phase flow are investigated. Relationships studied include those proposed by Vogel, Fetkovich, Jones, Blount and Glaze, Klins and Majcher, and Sukarno. Each method will be briefly described and methods used to develop the relationship will be discussed.
Based on actual vertical well data, the relationships are used to predict performance for twenty-six cases. The predicted performance is then compared to actual measured rate and pressure data. The variation between the predicted and measured data are analyzed. From this analysis, recommendations are made on the use of inflow performance relationships to predict performance, collection of data, and the quality of performance estimates.
Hardbanding and Its Role in Directional/Horizontal Drilling
Authors: Mobley John G. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Hardbanding of drill pipe tool joints and other drilling equipment has been around since the late 1930's. Originally, hardbanding was applied primarily to protect the drill pipe and other tools from premature abrasive wear. Since that time, there have been numerous changes in hardbanding and its application, but only within the last few years has new technology been introduced that allows hardbanding to protect the casing and the drill pipe at the same time.
Hardbanding is one of the most simple yet most misunderstood products being used on a drilling rig today. Along with the new technology being utilized to drill the highly deviated wells, such as horizontal, ERD, or multi directional, comes the problem of creating excessive downhole drag and torque. All of this drag and torque creates friction, which, in turn, creates wear on the drill string and the casing. Today, there are several types of wear resistant alloy hardbandings on the market. Most of them are designed to protect either the casing or the drill string, but only one or two of them can sufficiently protect both of them at the same time.
Though the wear resistant alloy hardbanding technology has only been on the market for 6-8 years, it has gained increased popularity over conventional tungsten carbide hardbanding for several reasons. This technical paper will attempt to address these points in order to educate concerned parties as to which hardbanding to use in a particular situation.
The proper hardbanding with the right application can:
▪ Substantially increase the tool joint wear life ▪ Greatly reduce casing wear caused by the drill string ▪ Substantially reduce downhole drag and torque ▪ Reduce rig fuel consumption ▪ Allow operators to run lighter weight and grade casing
Deepwater Sampling at a Synthetic Drilling Mud Discharge Site on the Outer Continental Shelf, Northern Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Fechhelm R. G. , Gallaway B. J. , Farmer J. M. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Between 1992 and 1994, BP Exploration drilled ten wells from a single jacket at a depth of 393 meters in MMS Lease Block Viosca Knoll 989 (Pompano Phase I). Production began in October 1994. The second phase, utilizing a subsea template, was drilled between 1995 and 1997 at a depth of 565 meters in Mississippi Canyon Block 28, four miles downslope (Pompano Phase II). Both water based muds and synthetic muds were used. An additional well was drilled at Mississippi Canyon 28 in early 1998. This review describes the procedures used to survey the deepwater seafloor in July 1997 and March 1998 using a remote operated vehicle (ROV). Included are qualitative and quantitative sampling of the bottom sediment for chemical and benthic analyses using core samplers and videotransects for identification and enumeration of fish and large invertebrates.
The goals of this project were to document: the size and extent of the cuttings piles following two+ years of a multi-well development drilling program in the deep Gulf; the con-centrations of synthetic based drilling fluids (SBFs) in sediments around the drilling template; and the appearance of the bottom sediments with respect to chemical activity and densities of macrofauna and megafauna at the same locations. The main purposes of the follow-up study were to compare findings with those seen earlier and to identify changes in the structure of the local macrofauna and megafauna biological communities since the July 1997 survey. Results of both the 1997 and 1998 studies were compared to data collected at similar depths in the eastern and western Gulf during the MMS baseline studies conducted in the 1980s.