bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Frontal sinus disease. I. An historical perspective on research
Authors: Schenck Nicholas L. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe surgical approach to frontal sinus disease has been subject to much variation in the past 100 years. The variety of procedures is actually based on very few experiments in which the results are often conflicting.A review of basic research in the pathogenesis and treatment of frontal sinus disease reveals that with the exception of the osteoplastic fat obliteration procedure, the classical experimental method of laboratory evaluation prior to clinical implementation has been, for the most part, ignored. The response to infection of the ciliated sinus mucosa and its role in the further propagation of frontal sinusitis is poorly understood. The conditions under which the sinus mucosa regenerates have not been clearly defined, nor has complete reformation of the mucosa membrane been consistent experimentally or clinically.The presumptive role of the nasofrontal duct in the pathogenesis of frontal sinusitis and mucocele is based solely on inference from clinical material.The variations of frontal osteoplasty each have limitations in reliability and prevention of recurrent disease.The development of a canine frontal sinus model with which to examine several of these problems is discussed.
Reconstructive flaps in otolaryngology
Authors: Mcfarland Guy E. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe modern day otolaryngologist commonly faces reconstructive problems related to tissue loss secondary to neoplasms, trauma, infections and congenital deformities.Basic understanding of tissue types and flap configuration will allow the otolaryngologist to handle these problems adequately. Basic principles such as tissue texture, color, and varieties of flaps will be covered.Major emphasis will be placed on reconstructive flaps for the lips, nose and cheek.
Lathyrogenic effects of vitamin a in the rat embryo
Authors: Yarington C. T. , Stivers F. Edward 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe effects of large doses of vitamin A during gestation on the embryo rat are described. Cleft palate formation, dose‐related disorganization of mandibular and maxillary growth due to abnormal cartilage deposits, and relative macroglossia are described. The previously described lathyrogenic and teratogenic affects of vitamin A in high doses is confirmed and further study suggested for possible deformities of the developing ear.
Treatment of laryngeal and ear strictures by microcauterization
Authors: Kirchner Fernando R. , Duff Wallace E. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractPost surgical and traumatic cicatricial stenosis of the ears and larynx are among the most disabling complications in otolaryngology. It is common knowledge that open procedures are mandatory when these stenoses are produced by the collapse of the superstructures supporting these cavities. Some strictures, however, are produced only by bands of adhesions or transposed cicatricial tissue. These stenoses may be corrected through surgical operations of a more conservative nature. This paper describes the practical applications of a surgical adjunct, the microcautery, in the rehabilitation of these latter patients. To date, about 25 patients have been treated successfully with this instrument.
Corticosteroid therapy in stapedectomy: A clinical study
Authors: Hendershot Edward L. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractAn earlier monkey experiment, in which half the animals received short and long‐acting corticosteroids following stapedectomy, encouraged the author to conduct a study on human patients, in an effort to alleviate serous labyrinthitis. The results show that the group receiving steroids fared less well than the control group.From this study, it is concluded that long‐acting corticosteroids are contraindicated in patients undergoing stapedectomy.
Surgical classification for chronic otitis media
Authors: Pratt Lindsay L. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractA surgical classification is proposed for patients with chronic otitis media. Its purpose is to facilitate the preoperative classification of patients to enable an orderly evaluation of subsequent operative procedures. In addition, it provides for a method for classifying surgical reconstruction procedures.The preoperative phase of the classification is structured around describing the pathology within the ear and the functional disturbances within the upper respiratory tract. This is accomplished by inquiring about the age of the patient, the apparent etiology of the chronic otitis media, the intactness of the tympanic membrane and the presence or absence of tympanosclerosis and cholesteatoma. Notation is recorded of associated functional disturbances within the upper respiratory tract as they relate to etiology.The postoperative phase of the classification incorporates Wullstein, Zollner's and Farrior's classifications to describe the anatomy of the ear following the surgical removal of the disease and the type of the functional repair employed.
Reconstruction of ossicles by tissue glue (histoacryl) in dogs
Authors: Siedentop Karl H. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractWhile performing tympanoplasties, in 30–40 percent of the cases, the ossicular assembly does not heal as positioned, or, if healed, it will break down later, and the grafted tympanic membrane may separate from the ossicular chain.Histoacryl (2‐Cyano‐Butyl‐Acrylate) was used in 20 middle ears of dogs to determine how this tissue adhesive would react. It was hoped that it might be found safe and useful for use in the human.Surgically on all dogs glue was used in the experimental ear; in the opposite or control ear, the identical operation was performed without glue. The histological sections were obtained 10 weeks following surgery. Structures united with tissue adhesive were: 1. fascia to tympanic membrane; 2. cartilage to footplate; 3. bone to footplate; and 4. incus interposition between malleus and stapes.Examination of 12 histological slides reveal it is clearly demonstrable that Histoacryl is harmless to middle and inner ear structures, is absorbed within a short period of time, and creates stable tissue union. It is believed proven safe for use in human middle ears.
Biphase external fixation: Technique and application
Authors: Rontal Eugene , Meyerhoff William , Wilson Kent 
Published: September 2006

AbstractExternal fixation of facial fractures was first introduced during the Second World War when the lack of antibiotics required rapid immobilization of fracture segments at a site distal from the fracture itself. Although limited, indications for external fixation still exist and include mandibular fractures associated with loss of mandibular tissue and of osteitis, mandibular defects following resection for carcinoma and complicated Le Forte and zygomatic fractures. Advantages of external fixation include stabilization of bone fragments at a point remote from the pathologic process, minimal operative time, and an unobstructed oral cavity.
Nasal manifestations of wegener's granulomatosis
Authors: Mcdonald Thomas J. , Deremee Richard A. , Kern Eugene B. , Harrison Edgar G. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractA review of 52 recent cases of Wegener's granulomatosis has clarified the clinical manifestations and has emphasized the otolaryngologist's role in its early diagnosis. All the cases satisfied the currently accepted criteria for the condition: the presence of primary necrotizing vasculitis in a patient with a typical clinical course. Among the 52 patients, 31 patients had nasal lesions. The typical manifestation was persistent nasal obstruction in a middle‐aged patient with no history of nasal disorder. In the early stages, intranasal examination may reveal only diffuse nasal mucosal swelling, without tissue destruction. Systemic symptoms are malaise, night sweats, intermittent pyrexia, and migratory arthralgias; an abnormally high sedimentation rate is also frequent. Later, the typical nasal findings are diffuse destruction of the mucosa and foul‐smelling crusts. The tissue underlying the crusts is extremely friable. Perforations of the nasal septum are also common. Adequate biopsy of representative tissue is important. The condition is treatable; currently, corticosteroids with or without cyclophosphamide are being used. Of the 52 patients, 31 are alive; 10 are dead, and current information is unavailable on 11 patients.Polymorphic reticulosis (PMR, lethal midline granuloma, or malignant midline reticulosis) was noted in 16 other patients during the same period. Differentiation between PMR and Wegener's granulomatosis is important because, although they can resemble each other clinically, they are morphologically distinct and respond to different forms of therapy (Wegener's granulomatosis to immunosuppressive drugs and PMR to irradiation).The otolaryngologist has an important role in the early diagnosis of Wegener's granulomatosis because of the high incidence of nasal involvement and because of the variations in clinical manifestations, which depend on the stage of the disease.
Viruses: Causative agents of cancer
Authors: Sheinin Rose 
Published: September 2006

AbstractEvidence accumulated over a period of 60 years has clearly established that a number of different viruses cause neoplasia (of a broad spectrum) amongst a variety of animals. Although it is known that viruses do produce self‐limiting proliferative human diseases, complete verification of a human viral carcinogen remains to be provided. This paper presents an overview of the conceptual and practical tools for the detection of tumor viruses, which have derived from experimental model systems. It indicates how these are being applied to studies of human malignant disease, with special reference to assessing a possible viral etiology for laryngeal cancer.
Description of a team approach to the rehabilitation of the laryngectomized speaker
Authors: HOOPS H. Ray , Clarke Wayne M. , Martin Daniel E. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThis article describes the multi‐disciplinary approach to rehabilitation of the laryngectomee followed by the Michigan Cancer Foundation‐Wayne State University Laryngectomee Clinic. The program serves a patient population in excess of 100 each year in a total rehabilitation paradigm. The rehabilitation effort centers around an intensive speech rehabilitation program encompassing as much as 10 hours of speech therapy per week.This effort is supplemented by a professional staff including a psychologist, social work staff, audiologist, public health nurse, vocational rehabilitation specialist, and a trained laryngectomized esophageal speech teacher. The contribution of each member of the team and the benefits of a unified approach are described.
Some scientific foundations for voice restoration
Authors: Snidecor John C. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractLaryngeal cancer, though not high in incidence, may have a devastating effect on the affected individuals' total adjustment. Esophageal speech, while a desirable form of substitute speech, cannot be learned by all, thus requiring a re‐evaluation of the artificial larynx and consideration of such special operations as that of Dr. Ryoso Asai. The acoustical characteristics and deficiencies of all pseudo voices are stated and discussed. The female voice is generally identified as such. Methods for the prognosis of learning speech include a systemic questionnaire for pre‐evaluation which was based on behavior patterns of the laryngectomee.
Restoration of voice after laryngeal surgeries
Authors: Koike Y. Asuo , Iwai H. Itoshi , Morimoto Masanori 
Published: September 2006

AbstractSome aspects of speech deficiency in Japanese‐speaking patients who had undergone surgeries for laryngeal malignancy were studied. Surgical procedures included reconstructive surgeries after total laryngectomy and conservation surgeries. A series of listener‐judgments and some acoustic analyses of speech were made. The recorded voices of the patients were more or less hoarse. The median speaking pitch varied greatly from patient to patient, and often assumed an unusual value. The average articulation score for five Japanese vowels was computed for each subject. The score varied from patient to patient, and was thought to be useful in quantitatively evaluating speech quality. It was shown that certain glottal consonants such as /h/ can be affected by laryngeal surgeries. It was emphasized that the larynx should be regarded not only as a generator or a vibrator, but also as an articulator which produces consonants. The listening tests also revealed that the intonation pattern of Japanese two‐syllable nouns can be influenced by laryngeal surgeries, and that distinction among certain words may become impossible as a result. This type of speech problem may require serious consideration in some language environments.
Post‐laryngectomy vocal rehabilitation using expired air and an external fistula method
Authors: Edwards Nigel 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe advantages and problems of fistula speech in post‐laryngectomy vocal rehabilitation are discussed.A pilot study of laryngectomees has shown the practical advantages and low risk of a primary one‐stage external vocal fistula construction at the time of laryngectomy, allowing very early fistula speech. These results indicate the need for an intensive program to develop a definitive surgical procedure and prosthesis, with a view to applying the method to all types of laryngectomees.
The vascular supply of the cervical skin with reference to incision planning d̊
Authors: Freeland A. P. , Rogers J. H. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractWound breakdown, especially following preoperative radiotherapy, is a complication following neck surgery. The anatomy of the blood supply of the neck skin, which is an important factor in neck incision planning, was determined by silicone rubber injection studies. Some of the more common incisions interrupt the cervical blood supply, which descends from the facial and occipital arteries and ascends from the transverse cervical and suprascapular arteries, and this is discussed in relation to wound breakdown.
Supraglottic cancer
Authors: Bocca E. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractSupraglottic cancer, because of the embryological development of the larynx, and of the arrangement of its lymphatic network, tends to remain limited within the vestibule of the larynx and the pre‐epiglottic space also in its advanced stages of evolution. The cancer spread may superiorly involve the epilarynx, the vallecula, the base of the tongue, and the pyriform fossa; however, inferiorly, the invasion of the glottis is quite exceptional (1 percent of cases); therefore, supraglottic laryngectomy is the operation of choice.The lower the location of cancer in the vestibule, the safer the indication. The higher location generally requires an extension of surgical excision toward the tongue, arytenoids and hypopharynx.In view of the high percentage of lymph node metastases, supraglottic laryngectomy should be associated with neck dissection, mainly bilateral, also in cases with no evidence of enlarged lymph nodes.Supraglottic laryngectomy has been performed in 240 cases in the course of the last 14 years and the five‐year cure rate has been 79 percent. Five postoperative deaths have been recorded.Rehabilitation time for the breathing and swallowing function has been three weeks as an average. Complications, such as fistula or infection have been exceedingly rare: uneventful recovery followed in all cases.
Anastomosis between the two facial nerves
Authors: Scaramella L. F. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractA case of traumatic facial palsy incurred during the removal of an acoustic neuroma via a sub‐occipital craniectomy is presented. The palsy was rehabilitated to a satisfactory degree by anastomosing the normal to the paralyzed facial nerve using an autoplastic peripheral nerve graft of suitable length to join the two.
Neurologic implications of glomus tumors in the head and neck
Authors: Spector Gershon J. , Gado Mokhtar , Ciralsky Robert , Ogura Joseph H. , Maisel Robert H. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractSeventy‐six patients with glomus tumors were evaluated. The incidence of cranial nerve paralysis is 37 percent and the incidence of intracranial extension is 14.6 percent. Jugular foramen syndrome is associated with 50 percent, and hypoglossal nerve involvement with 75 percent incidence of posterior fossa extension. Horner's syndrome is associated with 50 percent of middle cranial fossa invasion. The incidence of CNS tumor involvement with cranial nerve paralysis (not including VIIth nerve) is 52 percent.
Stevens‐johnson syndrome: Twenty‐three cases and their otolaryngologic significance
Authors: Nathan Marshall D. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractStevens‐Johnson syndrome is a symptom complex characterized by mucosal, ocular, and cutaneous lesions. Prodromal symptoms of upper respiratory infection or pharyngitis are most common. These are followed by target lesions of skin, sloughing of mucous membranes, and ocular inflammation.Twenty‐three cases are presented. Most patients (61 percent) were between 10 and 39 years of age. Relapses occurred in three patients. Five patients developed pneumonia, and theere were two fatalities. Over one‐half of the patients had serious ocular complications.The etiology of this syndrome is uncertain. Multiple allergic factors, drugs (especially long‐acting sulfonamides), and infectious agents (most recently mycoplasma pneumoniae) have been implicated. This study does not support any single cause. The use of systemic steroids is generally accepted by most authors. The death rate in this study (10 percent) is essentially unchanged from early reports on patients without steroid therapy. The complications rate directly attributable to steroids is significant in this study group.The major complications of this syndrome are ocular. Aggressive topical management of ocular inflammation is required; however, the morbidity rate remains high despite these measures.The otolaryngologist should be aware of this syndrome as the early symptoms, and the acute complications may require his awareness of the natural and treated courses of this disease.
Unilateral deafness with subsequent vertigo
Authors: Wolfson Robert J. , Leiberman Alberto 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe association between the characteristic clinical picture of endolymphatic hydrops and pre‐existent profound sensori‐neural hearing loss of long duration, has not been previously reported. Several cases are reported to illustrate this clinical syndrome. Labyrinthectomy was found to be curative. A plea is made for better recognition of this clinical entity.
Conservation surgery for epidermoid carcinoma of the marginal area (Aryepiglottic fold extension)
Authors: Ogura Joseph H. , Spector Gershon J. , Sessions Donald G. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractCarcinoma of the marginal areas (aryepiglottic fold extension) behaves differently from supraglottic cancer. The majority are T3 and T4 lesions. On a selected basis partial laryngopharyngectomy and neck dissection shows a good survival figure of 62 percent.
Conservation surgery for epidermoid carcinoma of the supraglottic larynx
Authors: Ogura Joseph H. , Sessions Donald G. , Spector Gershon J. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe determinant survivals for supraglottic subtotal laryngectomy and neck dissection in T1, T2, T3 and T4 are 83 percent, 79 percent, 70 percent and 67 percent respectively with an overall success rate for primary surgery of 79 percent. The salvage rate is 47 percent for an overall success rate of 82 percent.
Glottic cancer with extension to the arytenoid
Authors: Ogura Joseph H. , Sessions Donald G. , Ciralsky Robert H. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractHemilaryngectomy with removal of a greater part or all of the arytenoid was done in 79 patients with good functional results with an overall cure rate and salvage rate of 94 percent. The survival rate for the primary modality of therapy was 90 percent.
Symposium: Management of tumors of the parotid gland. II. Diagnosis of parotid gland swelling
Authors: Quinn Harold J. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractDiagnosis of parotid gland swellings can be approached by attempting to answer the following questions:1. Is it parotid?2. Is it inflammatory or neoplastic?3. If it is neoplastic, is it benign or malignant?Diagnosis is made by following the classical physical diagnostic procedures of inspection, palpation, and auscultation. These are followed by radiographic procedures, such as plain films, sialography and technetium scanning. Since approximately one in four parotid neoplasms is malignant, a definitive step should be biopsy. Excisional biopsy is recommended.
Symposium: Management of tumors of the parotid gland: III. Management of the facial nerve
Authors: Trible William M. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe facial nerve is protected in parotid surgery by finding the main trunk first and peripherally dissecting free the branches. The most constant landmark is the groove between the mastoid and the bony ear canal. Wide exposure of this groove should be obtained without “tunnelling”. The thick (2–3 mm) white trunk is dissected forward using the electric stimulator before cutting parotid tissue. Nerve injury is more common in the peripheral branches.Nerve location in recurrent parotid tumors is more difficult. The main trunk may be found more posteriorly than in the previous surgery, but often peripheral branches must be identified crossing the masseter, facial vessels, or the parotid duct; retrograde dissection to the trunk follows.For proven invading malignancy, the trunk or branches may be sacrificed, but immediate grafting should be attempted usually with the greater auricular nerve.
Symposium: The Supra‐tip in rhinoplasty: A dilemma: I. Theories and causes of Supra‐tip convexities
Authors: Patterson Carl N. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractSupratip convexities following rhinoplasty present a challenge to the surgeon. The correct diagnosis as to cause is necessary for proper correction. The pertinent anatomy of this area — the theories, causes, suggested methods of prevention and correction — are presented.
Symposium: The Supra‐tip in rhinoplasty: A dilemma: III. Supra‐tip soft‐tissue rounding after rhinoplasty: Causes, prevention and treatment
Authors: Anderson Jack R. 
Published: September 2006

Abstract1. During rhinoplasty the surgeon can easily set in motion changes which produce soft‐tissue rounding of the supra‐tip area postoperatively.2. Preventive as well as therapeutic measures are discussed.
Recurrent adenotonsillitis: A new concept
Authors: Sprinkle Philip M. , Veltri Robert W. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractAn update of original data is presented. These data continue to confirm the physiological effect of adenotonsillectomy on the abnormal oropharyngeal and nasopharyngeal microflora of children with recurrent adenotonsillitis. A new concept suggesting a bacterial‐viral etiology of recurrent adenotonsillitis is presented. The advantages of such a concept are reviewed.
Surgical elimination of drooling
Authors: Toremalm N. G. , Bjerre I. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractDrooling involves great practical problems in the care of patients with cerebral paralysis and mental deficiency. Different types of medical and surgical treatments have been used. In 17 disabled patients chorda tympani has been cut bilaterally in order to reduce the production of saliva, especially from the submandibular and sublingual glands. The loss of taste on the anterior part of the tongue seems to contribute to the reduction of salivation. Fifteen patients have been observed postoperatively during two to four years. Five patients have been cured, two are considerably improved and seven partially improved. The effect of nerve section was illustrated by Tcm99 scintigraphy in two additional cases before operation and six months postoperatively. No complications were observed.