bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Studies in the Nomenclature of British Lichens II
Authors: Laundon J. R. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe nomenclature, chemistry, taxonomy, distribution and ecology of Aspicilia tuberculosa (Ach.) Laundon comb, nov., Buellia ocellata (Flotow) Körber, Pycnothelia papillaria Dufour, Rhizocarpon richardii (Lamy ex Nyl.) Zahlbr. and Rinodina aspersa (Borrer) Laundon comb. nov. are discussed. Aspicilia tuberculosa, related to A. caesiocinerea, has apparently not been collected since c. 1830 and may now be extinct. The name Buellia verruculosa has been wrongly applied and the species should be called B. ocellata. The name Pycnothelia papillaria is retained, but with a modified author citation. Rhizocarpon constrictum is a synonym of R. richardii. Rinodina fatiscens is shown to be a synonym of R. aspersa. The nomenclature of Aspicilia caesiocinerea and Rinodina atrocinerea is also considered, the latter requiring change of author citation.
The Genus Paulia (Lichinaceae)
Authors: Henssen Aino 
Published: May 2007

AbstractAn emended circumscription of the genus Paulia Fée is given and the morphology and anatomy of the eight included species analysed in detail. Four new species are described, P. gibbosa Henssen and P. rhizophora Henssen from Bermuda, P. tessellata Henssen from Bermuda and Mexico and P. stipitata Henssen from Puerto Rico. The new combination P. cubana (Tuck.) Henssen is made. The genus is characterized by an umbilicate thallus composed of reticulately arranged hyphae; apothecia without an excipulum, with branched paraphyses and thickwalled ascospores; and a member of the Chroococcales as phycobiont with brown gelatinous algal sheaths in which characteristic particles are deposited. The species differ in the external morphology of the thallus and apothecia. The species all grow on limestone, and most of them are confined to islands; the distribution of the genus is world-wide.
The Lichen Genus Haematomma in New Zealand
Authors: Rogers R. W. , Bartlett J. K. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractFive species of the lichen genus Haematomma Massal. s.l. (Ascomycotina, Lecanoraceae s.l.) are reported for New Zealand. Two new species H. alpinum and H. saxicola are described, and H. sorediatum is reported from New Zealand for the first time. Two other species, H. babingtonii, and H. hilare, are also reported. All five species appear to belong to the H. puniceutn group. Pseudoplacodiolic acid is reported in the genus Haematomma for the first time.
The Occurrence of Copper—norstictic Acid in Lichens from Cupriferous Substrata
Authors: Purvis O. W. , Elix J. A. , Broomheadj J. A. , Jones G. C. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe localization of norstictic acid and copper in green, copper-rich specimens of Acarospora smaragdula and Lecidea lactea from cupriferous substrata was studied by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and electron probe microanalysis. Infrared absorption spectroscopy of lichen material and a synthetic Cu-norstictic acid complex, and the other studies, provide evidence that complexing of copper by norstictic acid occurs within the cortex of these lichens and leads to their unusual surface coloration. Preliminary observations suggest that copper may also form a complex with psoromic acid and colour lichen thalli green. There is a strong possibility that other metal-lichen acid complexes may occur.
New Species and New Combinations in Some Parmelioid Lichen Genera, With Special Emphasis on East African Taxa
Authors: Krog Hildur , Swinscow T. D. V. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe genera Hypotrachyna (Vainio) Hale and Pseudoparmelia Lynge are emended to include species previously accommodated in the genus Parmelina Hale. Pseudoparmelia endochromatica sp. nov., P. singularis sp. nov., Xanthoparmelia glomerulala sp. nov., X. karamojae sp. nov., and X. meruensis sp. nov. are described. The following combinations are proposed: Hypotraehyna afrorevoluta (Krog & Swinscow) comb, nov., H. aurulenta (Tuck.) comb, nov., H. damaziana (Zahlbr.) comb, nov., H. horrescens (Taylor) comb, nov., H. meyeri (Zahlbr.) comb, nov., H. minarum (Vainio) comb, nov., H. spathulata (Kurok.) comb, nov., H. spumosa (Asah.) comb, nov., H. swinscowii (Hale) comb, nov., Parmotrema vividum (Krog & Swinscow) comb, nov., Pseudoparmelia chlorea (Stizenb.) comb, nov., P. simplicior (Hale) comb, nov., P. usambarensis (Steiner & Zahlbr.) comb, nov., P. wallichiana (Taylor) comb, nov., Xanthoparmelia interrupta (Stizenb.) comb, nov., and X. kiboensis (Dodge) comb. nov. Xanthoparmelia cylindriloba Knox is reduced to synonymy with X. kiboensis.
The Identity of Diploschistes Gypsaceus
Authors: Lumbsch H. T. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe name Diploschistes gypsaceus is lectotypified on material of a saxicolous taxon, while a widespread terricolous taxon, frequently named D. gypsaceus, must be named D. diacapsis. Synonyms are listed and the characters of both species reviewed.
Navajo Lichen Dyes
Authors: Brough S. G. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThirty-five species of lichens were collected from nine locations on or adjacent to the Navajo Indian Reservation in the southwestern United States. Wool was dyed using the traditional boiling water and ammonia fermentation methods. An additional method was developed using a solvent to extract lichen substances and dye wool, cold; this dimethylsulphoxide extraction method is described and the resulting dye colours were sometimes different. Over 155 individual dye tests were made on sheep's wool; a correlation of dye colour with lichen substances reported for the species was attempted. Predominant dye colours were tan, but yellow, orange, pink, purple, and blue-grey were also produced. These colours were further altered by modifying: (1) fermentation time; (2) dyeing time, temperature, or pH level; (3) exposure to light; and (4) subsequent additional extractions using the same method or different methods. Dyed wool samples, tested for stability in sunlight, generally faded to some degree and some changed colour. Most dyes obtained through the dimethylsulphoxide extraction method were light stable.
Effects of Sulphur Dioxide and Fluoride on Ascospore Germination of Several Lichens
Authors: Belandria G. , Asta J. , Nurit F. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe effects of fluoride and sulphur dioxide on the germination of ascospores of Lecanora conizaeoides, Xanthoria parietina, Physconia distorta and Peltigera canina were studied under controlled conditions. The two pollutants (H2SO3 and NaF) were dissolved in the culture medium. An improved culture technique permitted a high percentage germination (90° 0) of P. canina spores. Peltigera canina spores had the highest sensitivity to SO2 (no germination at 500 UM H2SO3). Lecanora conizaeoides spores were almost insensitive to each of the two studied pollutants (30°0 spore germination at 1000 UM H2SO3 or NaF). However, simultaneous exposure to 1000 UM H2SO3 and 1000 UM NaF resulted in no germination, indicating a synergistic effect of these products.
Metamelanea and Stromatella, new Genera of Lichinaceae
Authors: Henssen A. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe new generic names Metamelanea Henssen and Strotnatella Henssen are described inthe Lichinaceae. They are denned by the developmental morphology of the ascocarp and thallus structure. In both genera the thallus is subfruticose, and the cyanobiont a single-celled member of the Chroococcales. The genus Metamelanea is based on the type species M.umbonata Henssen, newly described from the Alps, and M. melambola (Tuck.) Henssen comb, nov., found in North America. The genus Strotnatella is based on the single species, S. bermudana (Riddle) Henssen, formerly Psorotichia bermudana Riddle. The new genera are compared with species of other genera of the Lichinaceae: Gyrocollema, Lecidopyrenopsis and Porocyphus; some micrographs of Lecidopyrenopsis corticola Vainio. are also included. The new combination Porocyphus ocellatus(Th. Fr.) Henssen is made; Pyrenopsis triptococcus Nyl. is selected as lectotype of Pyrenopsis subgen. Cladopsis Nyl. (syn. Cladopsis (Nyl) Hue).
On Some Species of Catillaria S. Lat. and Halecania in the British Isles
Authors: Coppins B. J. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractA broad generic concept is adopted for Catillaria, and the following new combinations made: C. aphana (Nyl.) Coppins, C. modesta (Müll. Arg) Coppins (the basionym, Lecidea modesta Müll. Arg., being lectotypified), C. picila (Massal.) Coppins, and C. scotinodes (Nyl.) Coppins. Lecidea botryiza Nyl. ex Stirton is added to the synonymy of Micarea lutulata. Catillaria rhypodiza is transferred to Halecania, and a new, sorediate, corticolous species of that genus, H. viridescens Coppins & P. James, is described.
A Bibliographic Guide to the Lichen Floras of the World (Second edition)
Authors: Hawksworth D. L. , Ahti T. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractA selected bibliographic guide to publications on the lichen floras of the world arranged by continent and country is provided. This is supplemented by information on further sources of data, including world monographs, literature compilations, lichenological journals, exsiccatae, and compendia of herbaria. About 1390 references to the literature are provided. An index to countries and islands treated is included.
Ecological strategies of lichens
Authors: Rogers R. W. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractSurvival strategies of 34 species of lichens from a range of substrata, climates and growth forms were examined using the triangular ordination procedure of Grime. Triangular ordination is apparently an appropriate technique to apply to lichens, all available data falling within a triangle except for two foliicolous species which are probably partial leaf parasites. Statistically significant relationships between survival strategy and growth form, mode of asexual reproduction, substratum preference, family affiliation, and diversity of secondary chemical biosynthetic pathways have been demonstrated.
Japewia Subaurifera, A New Lichen Genus and Species From North-West Europe and Western North America
Authors: Tønsberg T. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe genus Japewia Tønsb. is introduced to accommodate three species including J. subaurifera Muhr & Tønsb. sp. nov. based on material from Norway, Sweden, Finland, Scotland, Canada (British Columbia) and U.S.A. (Washington). This species is closely related to Lecidea tornoensis Nyl. but is distinguished in being sorediate and by the production of lobaric acid (accessory) and acetone-soluble pigments. It grows on bark of deciduous and coniferous trees. Lecidea carrollii Coppins & P. James and L. tornoensis Nyl. are transferred to Japewia.
Thermutopsis Jamesii L, A New Member of the Lichinaceae From Antigua
Authors: Henssen Aino 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThermutopsis jamesii Henssen gen. et sp. nov. (Lichinaceae) is described from calcareous rocks in Antigua. The new species resembles in habit Thermutis velutina but differs in the internal stucture and development of thallus and fructifications. The cyanobiont is a poorly lichenized species of Tolypothrix; the fructifications arise within the the gelatinous sheath of the algal filaments. The ascocarps are thallinocarps of a special type; the hymenium stains deep blue in iodine; young paraphyses are thick and richly branched; the prototunicate, non-amyloid asci contain 8 simple, colourless spores. The pycnidia are ellipsoid, producing small rod-shaped, acrogenous conidia.
Trebouxia Jamesii and the Question of Multinucleate Cells in the Lichen Photobiont Trebouxia
Authors: Ahmadjian V. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe question of whether or not some Trebouxia species have multinucleate cells is a controversial one. Trebouxia jamesii was re-examined and found to have multinucleate cells in cultures grown on rich, organic media. Possible reasons for this condition are discussed.
Chemical and Morphological Variation in The Genus Cetrelia in The soviet Union
Authors: Randlane T. , Saag A. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractTwo hundred and three specimens belonging to the genus Cetrelia from the Soviet Union and also 41 samples from other countries have been analysed by TLC. Eight species were determined in the Soviet Union. In addition two new species, C. orientalis and C. pseudocollata sp. nov. are described. Five morphotypes and six chemotypes have been recognized in the genus: their main characteristics are tabulated in a form that can be used for identification and a key is also included. Evolutionary relationships between the ‘primary’ and ‘secondary’ species related to ‘species-pairs’ are discussed.
Digitothyrea, a new genus in the family Lichinaceae
Authors: Moreno P. P. , Egea J. M. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractA new genus, Digitothyrea, in the family Lichinaceae, is described. It includes three species formerly placed in Thyrea Massal. Studies on morphology and ascocarp ontogeny show that these are a homogeneous group of closely related species that differ significantly from taxa included in Thyrea.Digitothyrea rotundata is reported for the second time, from Northern Africa, A key is included.
Adaptivity of the thallus structure of Hypogymnia physodes to microclimatic conditions
Authors: Hyvärinen M. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe thallus structure of a common epiphytic lichen Hypogymnia physodes growingon the bark of Pinus sylvestris under a variety of microclimatic conditions was studied by means of fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy. The disparity between the thallus layer thicknesses of specimens growing in different habitats proved to be small though obvious, and differences also appeared in the amount of gelatinous substances in the hyphal cell walls ofthe cortex and algal layer. Furthermore, the occurrence of a pored epicortex of H. physodes at dry sites is reported. The size distribution of the thalli, thallus area and the production of soralia showed a complex interaction with microclimate. Against a background of the microclimatic data collected here, humidity is considered to be the most important factor affecting the anatomy and morphology of the thallus.
The molecular structure of human tissue type XV presents a unique conformation among the collagens
Authors: Myers Jeanne C. , Amenta Peter S. , Dion Arnold S. , Sciancalepore Justin P. , Nagaswami Chandrasekaran , Weisel John W. , Yurchenco Peter D. 
Published: May 2007

Establishing the structure of the non-fibrillar collagens has provided a unique perspective to understanding their specialized functions in the extracellular matrix. These proteins exhibit very diverse conformations and supramolecular assemblies. Type XV collagen is a large macromolecule distinguished by a highly interrupted collagenous domain and many utilized sites of attachment for CS (chondroitin sulfate) and HS (heparan sulfate) glycosaminoglycan chains. It is present in most basement membrane zones of human tissues, where it is found closely associated with large collagen fibrils. To determine the molecular shape and organization of type XV, the protein was purified from human umbilical cords by salt extraction, and by ion-exchange and antibody-affinity chromatography. The representation of type XV in one of its most abundant tissue sources is estimated at only (1–2)×10−4% of dry weight. The molecules examined by transmission electron microscopy after rotary shadowing were visualized in multiple forms. Relatively few type XV monomers appeared elongated and kinked; most molecules were found in a knot/figure-of-eight/pretzel configuration not previously described for a collagen. Collective measurements of these populations revealed an average length of 193±16 nm. At the N-terminal end, identified by C-terminal antibody binding, were three 7.7 nm-diameter spheres, corresponding to TSPN-1 (N-terminal module of thrombospondin-1) modules, and attached to the collagen backbone by a short linker. The type XV monomers show the ability to self-assemble into higher-order structures. Some were arranged in complex clusters, but simpler oligomers, which may represent intermediates, were observed in a cruciform pattern with intermolecular binding sites that probably originate in the interruption sequences. The morphology of type XV is thus the antithesis of the fibrillar collagens, and the shape attains the required flexibility to form the spectrum of interconnecting links between banded fibrils at the basement membrane/interstitial border. These type XV structures may act as a biological ‘spring’ to stabilize and enhance resilience to compressive and expansive forces, and the multimers, in particular, with selective complements of many localized CS and HS chains, may be instrumental in spatial and temporal recruitment of modulators in growth, development and pathological processes.
Delayed Initiation of the Pharyngeal Swallow: Normal Variability in Adult Swallows
Authors: Martin-Harris Bonnie , Brodsky Martin B. , Michel Yvonne , Lee Fu-Shing , Walters Bobby 
Published: May 2007

Purpose
The purpose of this investigation was to determine bolus head timing and location relations with the onset of hyoid movement at the initiation of the pharyngeal swallow and at the onset of swallow-related apnea.

Method
Bolus head timing and location and the timing of swallow-related apnea were recorded from frame-by-frame analyses of 5-ml single liquid swallows using dual-modality videofluoroscopy and nasal airflow recordings in 82 consecutive, healthy volunteers. The presence, depth, and response to airway entry were also recorded and related to the bolus head location and the onset of hyoid movement.

Results
The majority of participants—80% on at least 1 trial—produced the onset of hyoid movement at pharyngeal swallow initiation after the bolus head passed the posterior angle of the mandible. There was a trend in older participants for later onset of hyoid movement and onset of apnea relative to bolus head arrival at the posterior angle of the mandible.

Conclusion
Although entry of the bolus head into the pharynx prior to hyoid movement may result in a threat to the laryngeal airway, these data demonstrate that a “delay” by itself cannot be assumed to indicate a disordered swallow without coexisting impairments of swallowing physiology.
Predicting Outcomes of Children Referred for Autism Using the MacArthur–Bates Communicative Development Inventory
Authors: Luyster Rhiannon , Qiu Shanping , Lopez Kristina , Lord Catherine 
Published: May 2007

Purpose
Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are characterized by early impairments in language and related social communication skills. This investigation explored whether scores on the MacArthur–Bates Communicative Development Inventory (CDI) at ages 2 and 3 years predict outcome at age 9 years in children with ASD and developmental delay (DD).

Method
Sixty-two children referred for possible autism at age 2 years, and 19 children with DD, were followed to age 9 years. Vocabulary, prespeech, and gestures scores on CDIs administered at ages 2 and 3 years were used to predict follow-up IQ, language, adaptive skills, and scores on diagnostic measures.

Results
CDI scores at ages 2 and 3 did not predict outcome for the DD group. For the ASD sample, CDI receptive and expressive language and late gestures at ages 2 and 3 years predicted a number of follow-up variables, although scores at age 3 years were generally more predictive than scores at age 2 years.

Conclusions
The CDI yielded scores that were predictive of outcome, suggesting that this parent report measure may be a quick and informative assessment of early verbal and nonverbal skills in children with ASD.
Examining the Language Performances of Children With and Without Specific Language Impairment: Contributions of Phonological Short-Term Memory and Speed of Processing
Authors: Montgomery James W. , Windsor Jennifer 
Published: May 2007

Purpose
This study investigated the effects of processing speed and phonological short-term memory (PSTM) on children’s language performance.

Method
Forty-eight school-age children with specific language impairment (SLI) and age peers completed auditory detection reaction time (RT) and nonword repetition tasks, the Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals—Revised (CELF–R; E. Semel, E. Wiig, & W. Secord, 1987), and a word recognition RT task. Correlation and regression were used to determine unique and shared contributions to variance among measures.

Results
Children with SLI were outperformed by age peers on each task. Auditory detection RT was correlated with nonword repetition (NWR) in each group. However, both variables covaried with age, and auditory detection RT did not contribute unique variance to NWR in either group. For the SLI group, NWR predicted unique variance in CELF–R performance (about 15%); auditory detection RT predicted a smaller amount of unique variance in the word recognition RT task (about 9%).

Conclusion
Processing speed and PSTM measures covaried with chronological age. Processing speed was associated with offline language performance only through association with PSTM. Processing speed contributed to online language performance, suggesting that speed is associated with processing more familiar language material (i.e., lexical content and structure) than less familiar material (e.g., various content on the CELF–R).
What Should Chris Say? The Ability of Children With Specific Language Impairment to Recognize the Need to Dissemble Emotions in Social Situations
Authors: Brinton Bonnie , Spackman Matthew P. , Fujiki Martin , Ricks Jenny 
Published: May 2007

Purpose
In this study, the authors examined the ability of children with specific language impairment (SLI) and their typical peers to judge when an experienced emotion should be dissembled (hidden) in accord with social display rules.

Method
Participants included 19 children with SLI and19 children with typical language skills, both groups ranging in age from 7;9 (years;months) to 10;10, with a mean age of 9;1. Children were presented with 10 hypothetical social situations in which a character, Chris, experienced an emotion that should be dissembled for social purposes. The participants' responses were categorized as to whether or not they dissembled or displayed the emotion.

Results
Although the task was difficult for many participants, children with SLI indicated that the experienced emotion should be dissembled significantly less often than did their typical peers. Children in the 2 groups did not significantly differ in their judgments of the social display rules governing these situations.

Conclusion
These results suggested that the children with SLI did not understand the impact of displaying emotion on relationships in the same way as did their typical peers. In this respect, they seemed to lag behind the typical children in their developing emotion knowledge.