bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ignition and oxidation of 1‐hexene/toluene mixtures in a shock tube and a jet‐stirred reactor: Experimental and kinetic modeling study
Authors: Yahyaoui M. , Djebaïli‐Chaumeix N. , Dagaut P. , Paillard C.‐E. , Heyberger B. , Pengloan G. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe oxidation of several binary mixtures 1‐hexene/toluene has been investigated both in a shock tube and in a jet‐stirred reactor (JSR). The self‐ignition behavior of binary mixtures was compared to that of neat hydrocarbons studied under the same conditions. Furthermore, molecular species concentration profiles were measured by probe‐sampling and GC/MS, FID, TCD analyses for the oxidation of the mixtures in a JSR. Experiments were carried out over the temperature range 750–1860 K. Mixtures were examined under two pressures 0.2 and 1 MPa, with 0.1% initial concentration of fuel. The equivalence ratio was varied from 0.5 to 1.5. The experiments were modeled using a detailed chemical kinetic reaction mechanism. The modeling study showed that interactions between hydrocarbons submechanisms were not limited to small reactive radicals. Other types of interactions involving hydrocarbon fragments derived from the oxidation of the fuel components must be considered. These interactions mainly consist of hydrogen abstraction reactions. For example, benzyl radical that is the major radical produced from the oxidation of toluene at high temperature can abstract hydrogen from 1‐hexene and their products such as hexenyl radicals. Similarly, propyl, allyl, and hexenyl radicals that are the major radicals produced during 1‐hexene oxidation at high temperature can abstract hydrogen from toluene. Improved modeling was achieved when such interaction reactions were included in the model. Good agreement between experimental and calculated data was obtained using the proposed detailed chemical kinetic scheme. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 39: 518–538, 2007
Price rigidity and market power in German retailing
Authors: Weber Sascha A. , Anders Sven M. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis paper presents empirical evidence on the interplay important topics of consumer price rigidity and market power in the German food retail industry. In particular, the analysis addresses the causal relationship between market structure—collusion—and pricing behaviour highlighted in the industrial organization literature. Extensive analysis of retail scanner data across beef and pork products reveals considerable differences in price rigidity across store types. Supermarket pricing behaviour is evaluated with respect to all price changes retail sales action and price adjustments indicating that food discounters exhibit the highest degree of rigid prices. Retail concentration, as an important explanatory factor of price stickiness is investigated via the analysis of retail market power employing a conjectural‐variation approach. The analysis of market conduct in the marketing of beef and pork products indicates simultaneous oligopolistic and oligopsonistic behaviour of retail firms. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Waveguide cavity perturbation method for measuring complex permittivity of water
Authors: Mathew K. T. , Raveendranath U. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractAn accurate method of measuring the complex permittivity of high‐loss liquids like water by use of a waveguide perturbation technique is presented. The sample taken in a thin capillary tube of low‐loss material is inserted in the S‐band waveguide cavity. Resonance frequency and frequency shift are measured with a H. P. network analyzer and the complex permittivity is calculated. This method is particularly useful in the case of high‐loss liquids. Another advantage of this method is that only a very small quantity of liquid is needed for the study. © 1993 John Wiley & sons, Inc.
Effects of absorbent materials on the RCS of a partially coated scatterer
Authors: Zhendong Shi , Chunsheng Ding , Yi Jia 
Published: July 2007

AbstractAn expression of the RCS of a partially coated scatterer to evaluate the effects of absorbent materials and the deviation from physical similarity between models and prototype for lack of requiring absorbent materials in model testing has been given. A comparison between theoretical and experimental values for a conducting cylinder partially coated with absorbent materials has shown good agreement. © 1993 John Wiley & sons, Inc.
Photodetector modeling for optical receivers integrated in a silicon process
Authors: Khalil R. , Roulston D. J. , Parker J. R. , Hamel J. S. , McGregor J. M. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA new photodiode model for circuit simulation has been developed for use in feasibility and performance studies on silicon integrated fiber‐optical detector systems. The model includes optical absorption and signal current generation from three regions: surface layer, space charge layer, and substrate. This article describes the diode model and includes simulation results for an integrated silicon fiberoptic detector system with ECL outputs, useful for optical interconnect applications such as on‐board clock distribution. Results are included for both the diode itself, showing its multipole response and the complete circuit. © 1993 John Wiley & sons, Inc.
The theory of multilayered spherical chirodome
Authors: Yin Wenyan , Li Pao 
Published: July 2007

AbstractIn this article, expressions of the dyadic Green's function (DGF) of an electric current located in a multilayered spherical chirodome are given using the method of scattering superposition. The radiated field and normalized radiation resistance for a dipole antenna placed at the center of spherical chirodome are studied. The results show that we can regulate the polarized state of radiated fields by choosing the chirodome's size and material parameters properly. © 1993 John Wiley & sons, Inc.
Novel propagation features of dielectric planar chirowaveguides due to nonreciprocity
Authors: Paiva Carlos R. , Topa António L. , Barbosa Afonso M. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe effect of a substrate's nonreciprocity on the surface modes of a grounded chiroslab guide is investigated. It is shown that, for any surface mode, a bound on the magnitude of the nonreciprocity parameter exists, beyond which the mode is at cutoff. Furthermore, in the nonreciprocal achiral limit, the slab guide can only support TE modes—whereas in the reciprocal achiral limit both TE and TM modes can propagate. © 1993 John Wiley & sons, Inc.
A technique to improve the accuracy of numerical inverse‐scattering solutions for dielectrics
Authors: Caorsi Salvatore , Ciaramella Stefano , Gragnani Gian Luigi , Pastorino Matteo 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis article describes a technique to reduce the poor conditioning of linear systems to be solved for numerical inverse‐scattering solutions based on integral formulations and on the moment method. Some preliminary results are reported to show the improvement over a previously proposed approach. © 1993 John Wiley & sons, Inc.
Static image theory for BI‐isotropic media with plane parallel interfaces
Authors: Lindell Ismo V. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractImage theory for an interface between two bi‐isotropic (BI) media is introduced for the electric and magnetic static source. It is seen that for an electric or magnetic source alone, the images for the reflected fields and the transmitted fields are in general combinations of electric and magnetic sources. The method can be generalized to problems of muttilayered bi‐isotropic media, for example, for the microstrip geometry with a chiral or bi‐isotropic layer. © 1993 John Wiley & sons, Inc.
Full‐wave analysis of finite large printed dipole arrays using the conjugate gradient— FFT method
Authors: Zhuang Yuan , Wu Keli , Wu Chen , Litva John 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe full‐wave analysis of finite large printed dipole arrays is performed by the conjugate gradient‐FFT method with full‐wave discrete image technique. The CG‐FFT method has the merits of saving computer memory and computing time. So it is very suitable for the efficient analysis of large printed dipole arrays by combining with the discrete image technique which can convert the spectrum‐domain problem into the spatial domain without losing any full‐wave information. Several types of finite large printed dipole arrays are analyzed and discussions are made according to the numerical results. © 1993 John Wiley & sons, Inc.
Analysis of coupled cylindrical substrate microstrip lines by the method of lines
Authors: Rushan Chen , Dagang Fang , Xinguo Li 
Published: July 2007

AbstractIn this article analysis of the coupling between cylindrical substrate microstrip lines by using the method of lines (MOL) is given. Numerical examples are also given. The results are in good agreement with those obtained by the spectral‐domain approach (SDA). This fad supports the correctness and validity of this method. © 1993 John Wiley & sons, Inc.
Static characterization of offset asymmetric microstrip GAP discontinuities
Authors: Martel Jesus , Boix Rafael R. , Horno Manuel 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe capacitances appearing in the equivalent circuit of the offset asymmetric microstrip gap discontinuity are determined in the case in which the metallizations of the discontinuity are embedded in a multilayered anisotropic substrate. The excess charge densities on the conducting strips of the discontinuity are obtained by using the Galerkin method in the spectral domain. A wide variety of results is provided to demonstrate the generality of the study carried out. © 1993 John Wiley & sons, Inc.
A compact slot loop antenna
Authors: Cai M. , Kool P. S. , Leong M. S. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA compact slot loop antenna is proposed and investigated experimentally. The antenna consists of a slot loop printed on a substrate, and is fed by a coaxial cable. The loop perimeter is about λ/2 and the area of the antenna is about 1/8 of that of a microstrip antenna with the same operating frequency. The operating bandwidth (defined by return loss less than or equal to ‐10 dB) of the antenna is quite large (22%). The gain is comparable with that of a λ/2 dipole. The antenna should find wide applications in TV reception, mobile communications, and satellite communications. © 1993 John Wiley & sons, Inc.
Effects of variance in the size of the scatterer on its radar cross section
Authors: Zhendong Shi , Qing Li 
Published: July 2007

AbstractFor scale‐model measurement of the RCS of a lossy target, it is difficult to meet all the requirements of physical similarity [1], especially in the constitutive parameters of the absorbent materials because of their frequency dependence. One often avoids this problem by keeping the wavelength of incident radiation fixed with the sizes of the target scaled down. In this case, the scale factor to evaluate the RCS of prototype from that of a scale model must be found. This article gives brief expressions of the RCS and the scale factors for simply shaped scatterers by means of a PO approximation and the method of stationary phase. It is found that the physical scale factor q2 is not always proportional to the geometrical scale factor p2, but to p to the powers of 2‐4 for a variety of shaped scatterers, respectively, provided their characteristic dimensions are much greater than the working wavelength. © 1993 John Wiley & sons, Inc.
Performance of two single‐layer frequency‐selective surfaces as spatial filters
Authors: Chandran Sathish , Vardaxoglou John C. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractTwo single‐layer FSSs are presented as radiation filters in conjunction with a conventional horn antenna. The amplitude of the transmitted wave to the variation of the incidence angle is studied with a view to designing a spatial filter array. It is demonstrated that these single‐layer arrays act as spatial filters, following a simple design of a regular plurality of slotted elements. © 1993 John Wiley & sons, Inc.
A novel type of compact coplanar waveguide antenna
Authors: Cai M. , Kool P. S. , Leong M. S. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA coplanar waveguide antenna (CWA) is proposed and investigated experimentally. The CWA consists of an open coplanar waveguide circuit and is fed by a coplanar waveguide with a characteristic impedance of 50 Ω. The measured return loss shows that the radiation mainly comes from the slot surrounding the open coplanar waveguide circuit. The area of the CWA is about 1/8 that of the corresponding microstrip antenna. © 1993 John Wiley & sons, Inc.
Butterworth‐like filters using a S‐shaped two‐coupler optical fiber ring resonator
Authors: Ja Y. H. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractWe propose that a S‐shaped two‐coupler optical fiber ring resonator be used to realize the periodic Butterworth‐like bandpassing and band‐locking filters. The dependence of the characteristics of the Butterworth‐like filter on major parameters of the fiber and the couplers are studied and presented as graphs. © 1993 John Wiley & sons, Inc.
Static image method for layered isotropic and BI‐isotropic cylinders
Authors: Lindell Ismo V. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractImage principle to two‐dimensional static problems involving the cylinder geometry is introduced through a coordinate transformation which makes use of known image solutions developed for the corresponding planar problems. Because the method is not dependent on the medium, the image theory recently developed for bi‐isotropic planar problems can be transformed to be applicable to bi‐isotropic cylindrical problems. The image of a line charge outside of and parallel to a bi‐isotropic cylinder is seen to consist of a pair of electric and magnetic line charges which give the exact scattered field outside the cylinder. Extension to layered cylinders is straightforward. The method can be applied, for example, to quasistatic analysis of microstrips on a bi‐isotropic or chiral cylinder. © 1993 John Wiley & sons, Inc.
Input impedance of coaxially fed rectangular microstrip antenna on electrically thick substrate
Authors: Chen Wei , Lee Kai‐Fong , Lee R. Q. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractInput‐impedance results for a probe‐fed rectangular patch antenna are presented, using a full‐wave spectral‐domain analysis. The source is modeled by a magnetic‐current frill and multiple modes are used in the probe surface current to account for axial and azimuthal variations. Several new features are noted. © 1993 John Wiley & sons, Inc.
On the use of the surface impedance approach in the quasi‐tem analysis of lossy and superconducting strip lines
Authors: Marques R. , Aguilera J. , Medina F. , Homo M. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractIn this article we propose a mixed quasi‐TEM surface‐impedance (SI) approach for the analysis of metallic losses in MMICs and of superconductivity effects in microstrip lines. Our results show that the quasi‐TEM‐SI technique is a very interesting choice to compute these effects. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Estimation of the Q values of the dielectric material of the TE:16 dielectric resonator shielded by a metal case
Authors: Konishi Yoshihiro 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe measurement of the Q values of the dielectric resonator is described, where the dielectric loss and the conductive loss are separately estimated. The experimental results are also shown together with the known data for several materials. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Full‐wave calculation of the radiation impedance of microstrip‐excited magnetic surface waves
Authors: Lee Jae‐Hyun , Ra Jung‐Woong 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe radiation impedance of a microstrip having ferrite film and its dependence on the width of the microstrip and the height of the ferrite film are calculated by the full‐wave moment analysis. Full‐wave calculations closely predict the measured radiation resistance, while the magnetostatic approximation deviates in the higher‐frequency region. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Plane‐wave propagation in a transversely bianisotropic uniaxial medium
Authors: Lindell Ismo V. , Viitanen Ari J. , Kolvisto Paivi K. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe transversely bianisotropic uniaxial medium considered in the present article can be obtained, e.g., by mixing metal helices with an isotropic base medium in such a way that the axes of the helices are randomly oriented but perpendicular to a fixed direction in space. The medium is a generalization of the well‐studied chiral medium, and is somewhat similar to the recently studied axially bianisotropic uniaxial medium, which has interesting polarization properties. Plane‐wave propagation in the medium is studied and the solution for the dispersion equation is given. Numerical examples for the wave numbers corresponding to the two eigenwaves of the medium are displayed. It is seen that, unlike in the axially bianisotropic uniaxial medium, there are no optical axes in the present medium, in general. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
An equivalent circuit model of the optical probe in electro‐optical sampling systems
Authors: Song Jian , Conn David , Wu Xiaohua , Nickerson Kent 
Published: July 2007

AbstractAn equivalent circuit approach to modeling of the electro‐optic sampling structure is proposed for the first time. The influence of the optical probe to S parameters of the coplanar waveguide test structure is modeled by an equivalent circuit consisting of the analytic approximations and lumped circuit elements. The model coefficients are optimized by fitting the full‐wave field simulation results. The model is dependent on the test structure geometry and material parameters.
Improved scattering model for weak broad‐wall slots
Authors: Rengarajan Sembiam R. , Derneryd Anders 
Published: July 2007

AbstractScattering properties of resonant broad‐wall slots cut in rectangular waveguides for radiation and coupling applications are generally computed from a method‐of‐moments solution of pertinent integral equations. For weak slots, characterized by small values of offsets and tilts, there is a discrepancy between theory and experiment, because of simplifying assumptions made in theory. We present an improved scattering model for such slots with a correction term obtained from experimental measurement. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Stokes‐parameter detection experimental results for polarization modulation coherent systems with low bit‐rate‐to‐linewidth ratio
Authors: Betti S. , Curti F. , de Marchis G. , Iannone E. , Trifiletti A. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA BER measurement has been performed relative to each Stokes parameter in an ASPSK system using laser sources such that the beating signal linewidth exceeds the bit rate (about 200%). Under such severe conditions a sensitivity of about 155 photons/bit has been achieved at a BER of 10−9, with a penalty of about 6 dB with respect to the quantum limit of an ASPSK system. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A novel frame phase extraction technique for optical‐fiber digital PPM
Authors: Elmirghani Jaafar M. H. , Cryan Robert A. , Clayton F. M. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe problems of achieving slot synchronization and the proper frame frequency in optical fiber digital PPM were previously studied. Self‐synchronization of the PPM format is completed here by considering the extraction of the frame phase directly from the incoming data. An original novel technique that utilizes naturally occurring sequences has been devised and used to extract the frame phase in optical‐fiber digital PPM. Original results are reported that identify two classes of naturally occurring PPM sequences. An original mathematical model is developed and used to predict the spectral properties of these sequences. A generalization of the analysis and implementation techniques is carried out that results in synchronizers that can cope with large PPM word sizes. The improvement in the spectral discrete components per extra tracked sequence is shown to be 6 dB. Original practical results are given and shown to be in agreement with the theoretical results. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Fabrication of optical fabryperot interferometer in LiNbO3 waveguide
Authors: Liang Jia Yi 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis Letter presents a simple repeatable technique for fabricating a Fabry‐Perot interferometer in a LiNbO3 waveguide. The main contribution to the optical losses of the waveguide resonator due to the wedge angles is theoretically analyzed for the first time. A waveguide Fabry‐Perot interferometer was fabricated in the waveguide with wedge angles of less than 0.01° achieved. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons inc.
Biconjugate gradient method for bistatic scattering calculations
Authors: Wandzura Stephen 
Published: July 2007

AbstractIt has recently been observed that the symmetric case of the biconjugate gradient method renders a variational formula for the monostatic scattering amplitude stationary in the available Krylov subspace at each iteration. In this Letter I point out that the general biconjugate gradient method makes stationary the analogous variational formula for a bistatic scattering amplitude and suggest likely practical benefits accruing from this property. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
On the modal analysis of multiple and asymmetrical irises in a rectangular waveguide
Authors: Yeo T. S. , Leong M. S. , Kool P. S. , Lee Y. K. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA new interpretation based on matrix condition number is introduced for the accurate determination of the desired break‐knee points in Mastermann's break‐point analysis of waveguide discontinuity junctions. The modified technique is favorably tested on multiple and asymmetrical iris problems. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
The focal points of radially stratified spherical chirolenses
Authors: Wenyan Yin , Pao Li 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe electromagnetic properties of radially stratified spherical chirolenses are examined using the dyadic Green's function, and a general formulation is presented for determining the focal points of in‐homogeneous spherical chirolenses. Also, the focal points of Luneberg chirolenses are calculated. It is shown that chirality admittance has strong influence on the location of focal points. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Using inductive series feedback to stabilize a microwave distributed amplifier with high gain fets: A new design approach
Authors: Paixato Oswaldo P. , Souza Rui F. , Kretly Luiz C. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractNumerical results are presented to show how series inductive feedback between the source of the FET and ground, in a common‐source configuration, can stabilize a hybrid distributed amplifier. This kind of feedback is useful when using high transconductance FETs. Finally, for a 0.3 × 200‐μm HEMT (NEC 321) in chip form, an unconditionally stable four‐section distributed amplifier is designed using the suggested feedback, without compromising the gain‐bandwidth product. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
An approximative analysis of the output power of a resonant tunneling diode oscillator
Authors: Nilsen Svein M. , Lundgren Lennart 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA simplified theory for describing the maximum available output power versus oscillation frequency and calculated dc series resistance of resonant tunneling devices is presented. The method uses an approximation of the measured dc current versus voltage characteristic. Results can easily be used for comparisons of measured and calculated maximum output power for a particular device at different oscillation frequencies. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Overcoming passive coupling excess loss in fiber‐optic networks by using a collective interface
Authors: Georgopoulos Voula C. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractWhen using passive coupling in a single‐mode fiber‐optic network, all interfaces are not allowed to tap into the fiber because there will be a significant power loss at every tap, at least for current technology. In this Letter, a systolic array collective interface is presented which alleviates the above problem due to its inherent property of parallel processing. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.