bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Use of Drilling Cuttings as Building Materials in Baiano, Brazil
Authors: Vaqueiro R. L. C. , Araruna J. T. , Pires P. J. M. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractOil production in Recôncavo Baiano, Brazil, generates circa 13,000tons of drilling cuttings each year. As the environmental awareness rises in Brazil, oil companies started to look for environmental sound technologies to account for this residue.An experimental programme has been devised to encapsulate the constituents of drilling cuttings. This process employs cation and anion exchange capacity of natural clayey soils to adsorb barite and chloride, and a thermal process to volatize the organic constituents of the drilling fluid and stabilize the adsorbed constituents.In practice, the experimental programme consisted of a batch of geotechnical, mineralogical and chemical tests in order to evaluate the capacity of three different clayey soils from Recôncavo Baiano to encapsulate drilling cuttings. The main objective was to use the encapsulated material as brick or tiles by the building industry.Drilling cuttings from Recôncavo Region consists mainly of a clayey soil mixed with n-parafin, chlorine and barite. They present and high percentage of clay fraction, in which ilite and kaolinite are the main clay minerals, and a high plasticity. The soils considered herein present different clay fractions, mineralogy, and chemical constituents. Their Atterberg limits vary widely. In this study, three different mixes of each soil were employed in order to assess the optimum mixture, e.g. 10%, 20% and 30%. The materials considered as raw material for bricks, are extruded, dried and then fired up to 700°C. The resulting brick is submitted to strength and TCLP tests.The experimental results have shown so far that a mixture of drilling cuttings with Pederva could be used as brick material Results from TCLP tests have indicated that these mixtures could be considered under Brazilian Standards as non hazardous but non inert materials.
Changing Gear—The Need for a Different Way of HSSE Learning
Authors: Peuscher W. T. , Clark D. D. , Graeb-Konneker S. E. , de Rijke R. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Shell companies have a systematic approach to health, safety, security and environmental management in order to achieve continuous performance improvement. To this end, Shell companies manage these matters as critical business activities, set standards and targets for improvement, and measure, appraise and report performance externally. We continually look for ways to reduce the environmental impact of our operations, products and services.
Shell has, over the years, built up a comprehensive suite of Health, Safety, Security and Environment (HSSE) courses for its employees and contractors. These are mainly classroom courses, managed and delivered by Shell specialists. With the introduction of a new Shell-wide Competence Based Development framework in 2004, the opportunity was taken to rejuvenate the complete HSSE learning portfolio, using the latest learning methods and distribution systems.
Two forces drove the design philosophy – To make relevant HSSE training available at the right time in the right place at the right costTo facilitate "real learning" which takes place when the theory is applied in practice. This happens at the workplace
Advances in the field of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and telematics application were applied to the design and delivery of the new HSSE training.
Basic HSSE awareness learning is supplied as a set of electronic newspapers, delivered daily by e-mail. They are written in simple language, and contain pictures, cartoons and puzzles. They have embedded links to slidepacks and websites. They have a common "red-thread" case study, and there is a test at the end of each module. These were launched at the start of 2005, and take up has been massive, with excellent feedback.
Advanced HSSE knowledge learning is supplied by a blended learning event, which uses combinations of the most effective learning methodologies. The event is delivered through TeleTOP, an electronic course management system. The heart of each module is three assignments – one to prove understanding, one to show workplace application, and one to challenge and discuss. These assignments are assessed and marked by a facilitator. Networking and best practice sharing is stimulated and documented.
This paper describes the thinking process around and the outcome of the novel design and delivery of HSSE training at Shell.
Environmental and Social Management of Seismic Operations in Sensitive Tropical Rainforest
Authors: Benalcazar F. L. , Thurber M. , Westlund D. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
The remaining on-shore petroleum reserves in Ecuador are located within culturally and environmentally sensitive areas of the lowland tropical rainforest at the headwaters of the Amazon Basin, including protected nature reserves and indigenous communities. Regulatory obligations and stakeholder concerns require an extensive formal and informal consultation process prior to petroleum activities in these areas. EnCana and Walsh Environmental Scientists and Engineers (WALSH) have used the first phase of petroleum development in Yasuni National Park (YNP), seismic exploration, to gain the trust and confidence of a diverse group of stakeholders, by adopting an innovative set of new best practices, transparent dialogue and direct participation of the stakeholders.
The result of this consultation process was a modified project design and the EMP (Environmental Management Plan) that restricted heliports to previously intervened areas; restricted flight paths of helicopters away from scientific research stations, restricted use of rivers; and created offsets from sensitive micro-habitats like clay/salt licks, animal bathing areas, and tree-cutter ant farms. The execution of the project was closely monitored and audited by EnCana, WALSH, the affected Communities, an independent Environmental and Social Scientific Advisory Committee (ESSAC), an independent auditing consultant associated with the most respected environmental Non-Governmental Organization (NGO) in Ecuador, the Ministries of Environment, Energy and Mines and the National Heritage Institute of the Ecuadorian government. This participatory approach during seismic exploration has facilitated acceptance for the current exploratory drilling activities in this highly sensitive area.
Creating a Culture to Deliver Sustainable HSE Performance
Authors: Buell R. S. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Demands on the petroleum industry are driving continual improvement of Health, Safety, and Environment (HSE) performance. It has become widely recognized that the deliberate and structured creation of HSE culture directly affects HSE performance. Developing HSE culture is a complex recipe that combines values, leadership, management systems and processes, behavioral and cognitive psychology, technology, equipment, and HSE expertise. This combination creates a culture or "way of working in the organization."
There are many theoretical and practical papers on the creation and assessment of HSE culture. For a leader in Exploration and Production (E&P) operations, the distillation of this large body of knowledge into an appropriate course of action can be a daunting task. A generic HSE cultural maturity model is provided in this work. HSE culture is further defined in terms of cultural dimensions. To improve HSE performance, development of culture cannot be confined within an E&P operator's organization. Contractors, partners, service providers, and suppliers must also be included in the development of HSE culture. Guidance is provided to help the E&P practitioner work collaboratively with contractors to develop, sustain, and improve HSE culture and performance. Pragmatic examples are provided for diagnosing HSE culture.
World Class Road Safety Campaign
Authors: DeBello M. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Driving is a key safety exposure for Sakhalin Energy's integrated oil & gas project that stretches over 900km, the length of Sakhalin Island, Russia. A long-term inter company & community/Oblast road safety programme is underway. Ultimately, the goal is to work towards the elimination of road safety accidents on Sakhalin Island, particularly those related to company activities, by increasing road safety awareness amongst the campaign participants, its contractors and sub-contractors and members of the wider community in which we operate.
We plan to achieve this through a comprehensive programme of training, education, road safety awareness and enforcement of standards. It will be developed and articulated to address a number of hazards and behaviors including speed, winter driving, the wearing of seat belts, inattention/distraction, fatigue, drink driving and more, over the coming years. We also are working with the local authorities to roll out initiatives to communities across Sakhalin Island.
Key performance indicators will be summarized, including the impact the program has had in regards to lives saved and monetary gains through efficient, community targeted objectives i.e. education & awareness for schools, road infrastructure upgrades, community action campaigns etc.
Rewards from the program are multi faceted, including improvement of HSE performance, community recognition and ownership in the long-term.
Constructed Treatment Wetlands for the Treatment and Reuse of Produced Water in Dry Climates
Authors: Nijhawan N. , Myers J. E. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
When water is scarce, its value increases. Produced water is the largest byproduct in oil and gas production and as a field matures, the ratio of water to oil produced increases. Excess produced water is the main reason for abandoning wells, and declaring fields uneconomic. The challenge of produced water is further compounded by water being a valuable resource especially in arid oil producing regions of the world. In dry climates, where easily accessible sources of freshwater are limited, large volumes of freshwater are being used for non-potable uses, such as by the agricultural and industrial sectors. This paper discusses the growing need for produced water reuse, highlights reuse options and gaps, and specifically presents Constructed Treatment Wetlands (CTW) as a technology for the treatment of produced water and the facilitation of water reuse. The Chevron/Cawelo water reuse project and demonstration CTW, located in California's San Joaquin Valley is presented in order to highlight the use of CTWs for the treatment and reuse of produced water. In this dry climate, where the agricultural and petroleum industries co-exist, Chevron provides approximately 450,000 bpd of produced water to supplement the local irrigation supply.
Indoor Emergency Training—Application in the Oil and Gas Sector
Authors: Corrêa A. L. A. , Benevides P. , Duarte M. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
The Indoor Emergency Training (INDOOR) is an emergency simulation methodology, consisting of a role-playing game, supported by a mathematical modeling of the accident scenario, associated with visual resources in three dimensions. The INDOOR exercise permits close similarity to the real live emergency simulation with its associated benefits at lower costs.
Management Program for Hoisting and Lifting
Authors: DeBello M. A. , Ostirov A. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Management of key high risk activities such as hoisting & lifting in a world class integrated oil & gas development project is a integral part of the HSES-MS. SEIC has formed the Lifting Steering Committee to achieve excellence in safety performance through lateral learning & best practice sharing within the project & throughout the EP industry.
A company, contractor/subcontractor committee, chaired by the CEO, meets bi-monthly to address existing & planned hoisting & lifting issues per a evolving agenda that includes: Maintenance and Certification, Planning Of Non-Routine Lifts, Competence Of Lifting Operations Personnel, Execution Of Lifting Operations, Supervision In Practice, Communication, Cranes and Lifting Equipment Standard Revisions, Compliance and Monitoring. EP global networking is key tool for finding & sharing best practices. The paper details the sequence of implementation of hoisting & lifting safety blitzes, evaluation & gap analysis for company, contractors & subcontractors lifting activities, interview process with the field to ascertain perceptions in competences required and transparency concerning communication of standards (both company & Russian Federation).
Hoisting & lifting is one of the top 3 HSE exposures, thus the benefits of a well managed program include a safer, more efficient working environment.
Comparative Study of Occupational Health Regulation in the Middle East
Authors: Malca M. , Shokeir H. , Medhat M. , Al Ghailani A. E. , Kiaei B. , Sakkal F. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Occupational Health is an integral part of the protection of the health and safety of workers. Most countries have adopted stringent safety and environmental regulations in the last years, however this has not always been the case for Occupational Health. In the Middle East, Occupational Health Regulations do exist and are easily available on-line for the UAE, Oman and Qatar. However Occupational Health Services are usually present mainly in the private sector and mostly in self-regulated industries. The capability of many countries in the region to supervise and enforce existing regulations is often undermined by the lack of specialized staff in sufficient numbers.
Oil and Gas Industry Guidance on Voluntary Sustainability Reporting
Authors: Boyle B. , Depraz S. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
The oil and gas industry recognises the important role it plays around the world in fuelling economic development and social progress. It also understands the need to respond to stakeholder concerns, including those related to sustainability, which are of ever-increasing significance. Many oil and gas companies have begun to communicate how these concerns are being addressed by issuing sustainability reports. Given the organisational diversity, scale and complexity of many oil and gas companies, providing report content which is relevant, complete and accurate is a difficult challenge as is choosing performance indicators which allow for consistent and transparent presentation of information. To assist companies across the industry, IPIECA and API have produced oil and gas industry guidance on voluntary sustainability reporting. This paper summarises and describes the guidance, outlining its benefits and flexibility as well as the nature of the challenge which lies ahead.
"E-Safety Case": Improving Communication and Application of HSE Data
Authors: Fairbairn L. , Pegram A. , Nishapati M. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
The key to ensuring safe operations is not only to undertake appropriate safety reviews and risk assessments but, equally importantly, to ensure that the results of these studies are communicated in a way that can be readily understood by all personnel. Ongoing advances in technology mean that this is now more easily achievable than ever, by producing and linking documents in a dynamic electronic format that will considerably enhance their utility. Such an ‘E-Safety Case’ is being developed for BHP Billiton's Liverpool Bay Asset (LBA) operations.
Ormen Lange—Implementing Minimum Exposure to Personnel Through Safety in Design and Operations
Authors: Lauvstad B. , Schumacher R. , Saltrø P. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Ormen Lange (OL) is the second largest gas/condensate field development on the Norwegian continental shelf and recoverable gas reserves presently stand at a 375 billion Sm3. Gas from OL to the UK and European continent will commence in October 2007 and to continue for 30 to 40 years with a planned production rate of 70 million Sm3/d of gas. Associated Condensate will be exported by tankers and daily production estimated to 8400 m3/d
Current investment estimates at 10 billion USD (2003). The 1,200 kilometre export pipeline from Norway to the UK will be worlds largest subsea pipeline.
Hydro is appointed operatorship for the development phase and Shell is appointed operatorship for the production operations phase. The two oil and gas companies have signed an agreement for co-operation and support in both phases.
This paper focuses on the Safety benefits and challenges in early phase involvement working in a joint development environment with one company responsible for development and one company for the production operations phase. This setting gave an opportunity for innovative ways of implementing safety in design to improve on both company's best practices.
The Ormen Lange organization is based on a "low manning concept". Traditional solutions for onshore terminals rely on manual fire fighting, manual head counting and fire-detection. In order to reduce exposure to personnel, the Ormen Lange plant made use of extensive CCTV monitoring, remote operated fire monitors, electronic personnel tracking, automatic gas and fire detection, automatic shutdown and blowdown, passive fire protection and rescue teams instead of firefighting teams. Historical accidents in hydrocarbon processing and storage facilities have shown fire fighters killed and injured in attempts to fight fires to save plant and equipment without potential for second and third party injury or fatality. Some examples of this are;
The Longford Gas Plant escalation 25.09.98 The Albert City Iowa Propane BLEVE 09.04.98 The Romeoville Illinois escalation 23.07.84 The Milford Haven tank boil over 30.08.83
A focus early in the project and training of engineers and operators in the philosophy of minimum personnel exposure has and will give the ballast for ensuring implementation in design and operations. An introductory training and HSE cultural program focused on the importance of saving lives. All necessary training is not yet completed but will be before hot plant in June 2007. The equipment is designed to take care of itself as far as technology allows.
Health Risk Assessment (HRA): A Case Study—Implementing HRA Into the Shell Petroleum Development Company Ltd., Nigeria
Authors: Parry K. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Health Risk Assessment (HRA) is The Shell Group of Companies' tool ‘for a healthier workplace’ through identification, assessment and control of health risks within each and every work environment.
Implementing Health Risk Assessment throughout Shell Petroleum Development Company (SPDC), an oil exploration and production company, has not been a straightforward task. This is a society where distant-risk perception is at a basic level, and immediate risks outside the workplace, malaria, violence, HIV etc, are far more of an everyday reality than any existing or perceived occupational risk… A society where today is what counts, and tomorrow is dealt with when it arrives.
This case study will describe the stages of HRA implementation within SPDC, from initial identification of the need for HRA, through competency based development, the training of teams, development of corporate documentation, undertaking the assessments, dealing with the resulting actions and information management (through people, paper and electronic technology).
The challenges encountered at each stage of the implementation will be presented, along with the solutions that the OH Team used to overcome them.
Some of the real-life health benefits of undertaking HRA will be explored, using examples of situations (in some cases life-threatening) that have been identified within during the HRA process, and the actions taken to control these risks will be detailed.
This paper will share SPDC's experiences of implementing HRA with others… The challenges of implementing a standard initiated within a developed society into a developing society, the solutions to these challenges, and the route to making HRA a live and useful tool in the control of health risks within SPDC.
Lifting and Hoisting Safety—Raising the Bar
Authors: Lawrie G. , Brasic M. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
One of the major causes of incidents and fatalities associated with E&P activities is in the category of Lifting and Hoisting operations. Within this category are operations as varied as the lifting of loads using forklift trucks, heavy lifts over live facilities, and lifting of topside modules onto offshore facilities. Each type of lift presents a different spectrum of risks that need to be managed if the lift is to be undertaken in a safe and efficient manner.
A variety of regulations, standards and guidelines exist related to different aspects of lifting operations; however despite these, incidents continue to occur. Hence, in an effort to bring the E&P industry's focus to this issue, in 2005 the OGP Safety Committee formed a Lifting and Hoisting Safety Task Force. The remit of the Task Force was to develop appropriate tools (guidelines, recommended practices, etc) that will assist E&P companies and their contractors to reduce the number of lifting and hoisting associated incidents.
Key areas that the Task Force is addressing include:
– Planning of Lifting Operations – Roles and Responsibilities – Personnel Competency and Training – Human Factor issues – Lifting and Hoisting Hardware – Design and Control of Lifting Equipment – Specialized Lifting Operations
The paper describes the work of the OGP Lifting and Hoisting Task Force, and its findings, recommendations and proposed strategies with respects to the above issues.
Work Hours and Serious Occupational Injuries
Authors: Lauridsen O. , Bjerkebaek E. , Danielsen I. , Loland G. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
In the project ‘Trends in Risk Levels on the Norwegian Continental Shelf’ the Petroleum Safety Authority Norway (PSA) has analysed the information on serious occupational injuries gathered from all companies on the Norwegian Continental Shelf (NCS). The injuries have been analysed with respect to data on work hours, shift arrangement and sleep quality based on questionnaires.
The reliable reporting of serious injuries in a large population presents a unique opportunity to analyse the distribution of serious injuries during the hours of the day and night. Our data allows us to normalise the results according to activity level at different time periods and operations.
Even though the most serious injuries happen during the day shift, there is a significant increase in the frequency of injuries during night shift when the numbers are adjusted to differences in activity level between shifts. The difference in injury rate between day and night varies with the kind of operation and between the first and second week offshore. The results from the questionnaires showed that the quality of sleep is poor during day time and that the quality of sleep also is influenced by the kind of shift arrangement. Quality of cabins with respect to noise and disturbance also has a significant influence on how tired the employees are at work. We argue that combined disturbance of the circadian rhythm and sleep quality seem to increase the probability of human error and error related incidents.
Our results provide important risk guidance with respect to planning of shift arrangements. The result clearly demonstrate that the amount of work carried out by night should be reduced to a minimum, and that some activities should receive special risk management attention when performed at night. Our paper emphasises the importance of implementing measures that could improve quality of sleep during periods of circadian rhythm adaptation and day sleep.