bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in urinary and plasma oestrone sulphate concentrations after induction of foetal death in mares at 45 days of gestation
Authors: HYLAND JH , LANGSFORD DA 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARY Foetal death was induced in 10 Standardbred mares at day 45 of gestation by injecting 20 to 45 ml of hypertonic (24% W/V) saline into the conceptus at surgery. Ten mares underwent sham treatment and acted as controls. Blood and urine samples were collected every other day between days 30 and 45 post ovulation and at 0, 3 and 6 h relative to the infusion of saline in the treated mares, or sham treatment in control mares. Blood and urine samples were then collected daily between days 46 and 55 post ovulation.Urine oestrone sulphate (E1S) concentrations, measured by radioimmunoassay, increased between day 34 and day 36 of gestation in treated and control groups. In mares in which foetal death was induced, urine EIS concentrations declined post‐operatively and were significantly (p (.05) lower than controls by day 50. In plasma, EIS concentrations showed a major increase between days 36 and 40 in both groups. This was followed by a rapid decline after treatment in saline‐injected mares, so that by day 48 plasma EIS concentrations in treated mares were significantly (P (.05) lower than the controls. The results show that urinary and plasma EIS concentrations rise rapidly during early pregnancy, and are associated with a viable foetus after day 45 of pregnancy.
Idiopathic atrial fibrillation in a champion Standardised racehorse
Authors: STEWART GA , FULTON LJ , McKELLAR CD 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARY Atrial fibrillation is described in a champion pacer which earlier had been named Australian Harness Horse of the Year as a 3‐year‐old in 1986–87. Prior to conversion atrial fibrillation had been present for at least 6 weeks, during which the horse had not raced.Successful treatment was achieved with two 10g doses of quinidine sulphate per oesophageal tube, after slow digitalisation with intravenous digoxin over 4d. Four hours after commencement of quinidine therapy the arrhythmia had regressed to atrial flutter and converted to sinus rhythm 10 min later.Considering his age, standard of racing and high reputation the horse's overall performance as a 5‐year‐old after conversion from atrial fibrillation appeared comparable to his previous performance as a 4‐year‐old before the disorder occurred. In one of the wins since his return to sinus rhythm, the horse recorded his fastest winning speed and created a new track record at the major Melbourne racetrack.The absence of abnormalities of atrial and atrio‐ventricular conduction after the cessation of the arrhythmia, together with the horse's return to successful racing, indicate that this was case of atrial fibrillation occuring as a functional disorder without persistent atrial pathology
Effects of zeranol implants on post‐castration response in calves
Authors: ROBB TW , WOOD AD 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARY Suckling and yearling calves were surgically castrated and one half of each group implanted with 36 mg zeranol at time of castration. Both treated and control cattle of each class were maintained as a group and evaluated for swelling of the scrotum, inflammation and healing, plasma prostaglandin levels and weight gain.Swelling and inflammation of the scrotum were less in treated suckling calves than in controls at both 7 and 14 d after castration, though this difference was not statistically significant. In yearlings at 7 d after castration, treated cattle had more swelling than controls; however at 14 d, treated cattle had less swelling and inflammation with only one treated yearling having an open scrotal wound versus 6 (P <.03) in the control group.Plasma prostaglandin levels as indicated by plasma malondialdehyde increased from d 0 to 14; however no significant treatment differences were observed for either age group.Suckling calves treated with zeranol gained 9.79 kg more (P <.03) than non‐treated calves during the 97 d of trial while the yearlings treated with zeranol gained 16.78 kg more (P <.01) than controls during 102 d.It is concluded from the increased growth and reduced scrotal swelling and inflammation in treated cattle that zeranol implantation could possibly have a beneficial effect in improving the healing process after castration.
Yersiniosis in Farmed Deer
Authors: JERRETT IV , SLEE KJ , ROBERTSON BI 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARY Samples from 77 chital (Axis axis), 42 fallow (Dama dama), 26 red (Cervus elaphus), 7 rusa (Cervus timorensis) and 1 sambar deer (Cervus unicolor) were examined. Yersinia pseudotuberculosis infection was diagnosed as the cause of death in 6 (23%) of the red and 23 (30%) of the chital deer. Yersiniosis was the most common infectious cause of death diagnosed.Affected deer were usually found moribund or dead, often with faecal staining of the perineum. Gross pathology in chital included a fibrinous enterocolitis, enlarged congested mesenteric lymph nodes and multiple pale foci through the liver. Gross changes in red deer were limited to intense congestion of the intestinal mucosa and enlargement and congestion of mesenteric lymph nodes.Microscopic intestinal changes in both species consisted of microabscessation or diffuse suppurative inflammation of the intestinal mucosa with numerous bacterial colonies in the lamina propria. Multifocal suppurative mesenteric lymphadenitis was a common finding. Multifocal suppurative or non‐suppurative hepatitis was frequently present in the liver of chital but was uncommon in the red deer.Yersiniosis occurred during the cooler months from June to November, with younger age classes most commonly affected. Y. pseudotuberculosis serotypes I, II and III were isolated in the ratio 17:3:0 in the chital deer and 1:1:2 in red deer. The clinical, epidemiological and bacteriological features are similar to those documented previously by New Zealand workers. The increased susceptibility to disease of red deer and chital compared to fallow deer and perhaps other species has not previously been documented.
Enteritis in sheep, goats and pigs due to Yersinia pseudotuberculosis infection
Authors: SLEE KJ , BUTTON C 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARY The features of naturally occurring Yersinia pseudotuberculosis serotype III infections in 16 sheep, one goat and 3 pigs, and Y. pseudotuberculosis serotype I infections in 3 goats, are described. Affected animals usually had diarrhoea and were in poor condition or emaciated. A number were moribund or dead when submitted for necropsy. Thickening of the caecal and colonic mucosa was the only gross lesion attributable to Y. pseudotuberculosis infection, with liver or other visceral abscesses not being seen. Characteristic microabscesses were demonstrated in the intestinal mucosa of 10 sheep, one goat and one pig infected with Y. pseudotuberculosis serotype III and one goat infected with Y. pseudotuberculosis serotype I.Sheep, goats and pigs dosed orally with Y. pseudotuberculosis serotype III, the serotype isolated most commonly from these species, developed intestinal infection. In sheep and pigs, infection was accompanied by diarrhoea. Haematological changes and specific antibodies were elicited in all 3 species in response to infection. Microabscesses were seen in the intestinal mucosa of all experimentally exposed animals.The occurrence of field cases and the results of experimental exposure confirm that Y. pseudotuberculosis serotype III is an enteropathogen of sheep, goats and pigs. The association of Y. pseudotuberculosis serotype I with lesions in a goat, indicates that this bacterium may also be a pathogen of this species.It is concluded that Y. pseudotuberculosis serotype III is an enteric pathogen of a wide range of ungulate species including cattle, buffalo, deer, antelopes, sheep, goats and pigs. Serotypes I and II, while having a more restricted host range, are probably also pathogens of ungulates and, in particular, deer, antelopes and goats.
Serological response toActinobacillus pleuropneumoniaeserovar 7 infection in a commercial pig herd
Authors: GARDNER IA , BOSSÉ JT , SHELDRAKE RF , ROSENDAL S , JOHNSON RP 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYSerological responses toActinobacillus pleuropneumonlaeserovar 7 Infection were monitored by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay in a cohort of 66 pigs between weaning and market. Antibody concentrations were high (63/65 seropositive) at 4 weeks of age but declined to low levels from 8 to 12 weeks. Mean antibody concentrations rose significantly (p<0.001) between 12 and 23 weeks. Between 8 and 23 weeks of age, 33 (51.5%) of 64 surviving pigs seroconverted toA pleuropneumoniaeserovar 7. Peak antibody concentrations in the seroconverting pigs usually (28/33) occurred at 23 weeks. Seroconversion toA pleuropneumoniaeduring the grower/finisher phase was not significantly associated (p>0.05) with passive antibody concentrations at 4 weeks of age, lack of vaccination againstMycoplasma hyopneumoniae, or weaning weight.Pleuropneumonic lesions were evident at slaughter in 4 (6.3%) of 64 pigs.A pleuropneumoniaeserovar 7 was isolated from 2 of 4 lungs with pleuropneumonia and from another lung with lesions considered typical of enzootic pneumonia.
Lesions causing lameness requiring veterinary treatment in pasture‐fed dairy cows in East Gippsland
Authors: JUBB TF , MALMO J. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYIn 653 mature dairy cows examined for lameness between February 1987 and July 1988 there were 783 lesions identified. Most of these were located below the pastern (90.5%) and most lesions involved hindlimbs (79%). Of digital and interdigital lesions, hind limbs had the most lesions (69.2%). Medial digits of forelimbs were least affected (7.8%) and lateral digits of hindlimbs were the most affected (44.4%). Lateral digits of forelimbs were slightly more affected than medial digits of hindlimbs (17.0% vs 14.8%). Ten different types of lesions contributed to 84.5% of foot lameness. Most common were axial wall cracks (21.7%), underrun sole (14.6%), footrot (13.0%), punctured sole (9.3%) and white line disease (7.2%). Age, rainfall and the early lactation period were factors determining the incidence of lameness.
Progressive ethmoidal haematoma in horses
Authors: LAING JA , HUTCHINS DR 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYProgressive ethmoidal haematoma was diagnosed in 12 Thoroughbreds, 1 part ‐ Arab and 1 stock horse. Ages ranged from 3 to 18 years and both males and females were affected. Diagnosis was based on history, clinical signs, endoscopic and radiographic findings, and was confirmed histologically in 10 cases. Eleven (78%) of the lesions were unilateral and 3 (22%) were bilateral.Two horses were euthanased on diagnosis, 4 were treated conservatively. Of the latter, 3 were euthanased 6 to 24 months after diagnosis; due to progression of the lesions, while 1 case resolved completely within 13 months.Eight horses were treated by surgical excision of the lesion. Three died in the postoperative period, 3 were euthanased within 48 months after recurrence of the condition, and 2 had no recurrence within 60 and 72 months, respectively.
Reconstruction of the parotid duct in a horse using an interposition polytetrafluoroethylene tube graft
Authors: KANNEGIETER NJ , ECKE P 
Published: March 2008

SummaryA Thoroughbred gelding was referred for treatment of a parotid duct fistula. This had developed after the referring veterinarian had excised a portion of the duct, and ligated the proximal end, as a means of treating a recurring sialocoele. This report describes the successful surgical reconstruction of the excised 15 cm portion of the parotid duct using an interposition polytetrafluoroethylene tube graft.
The role of procaine in adverse reactions to procaine penicillin in horses
Authors: CHAPMAN CB , COURAGE P , NIELSEN IL , SITARAM BR , HUNTINGTON PJ 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYProcaine penicillin is a commonly used antibiotic in equine medicine but its use is associated with a substantial incidence of adverse reactions. Soluble procaine concentrations were determined by HPLC in several commercially available procaine penicillin preparations, including some that were involved in adverse reactions. The mean (±SEM) soluble procaine concentrations in the veterinary preparations was 20.18 ±5.07mg/ml, which was higher than the concentration in the only procaine penicillin preparation for use in humans in Australia of 7.3 mg/ml. Heating the veterinary procaine penicillin preparations to 50d̀C for 1 day led to a significant (P<0.01) increase in the amount of soluble procaine. Heating to 50d̀C for 7 days also produced a significant (P<0.02) increase. Soluble procaine tended to return to baseline concentrations when veterinary procaine penicillin preparations were heated to 50d̀C for 2 days then stored for 7 days at room temperature.Administration of procaine HCI intravenously (IV) at 2, 5, and 10 mg/kg produced behavioural, locomotor and vascular reactions, which were clinically similar to those reported in adverse reactions to procaine penicillin. The more severe reactions occurred at higher doses, although different horses responded variably at the same dose. Some adverse reactions lead to recumbency but none were fatal. The blood procaine concentrations 1 min after IV administration averaged 19.0 ± 12.6 and 25.3 ± 16 ±mUg/ml at 2.5 mg/kg and 5 mg/kg, respectively. Ten min after administration, blood procaine concentrations were significantly higher (P<0.001) in the 5 mg/kg group than in the 2.5 μg/kg group. Intramuscular (IM) procaine HCI at 5 mg/kg produced significantly lower (P<0.001) blood concentrations than similar IV doses, and, in contrast to the IV doses, the amount of procaine in the blood was significantly higher 5 and 10 min after administration than it was after 1 min. Mild excitatory reactions in 4/5 horses were noted 5 to 10 min after IM administration. Administration of diazepam 20 s before procaine HCI prevented the excitatory adverse reaction in 2/2 horses, but administration after the procaine did not influence the outcome.
Locomotor effects in sheep of alkaloids identified in Australian Tribulus terrestris
Authors: BOURKE CA , STEVENS GR , CARRIGAN MJ 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYFresh, mature, ungrazed Tribulus terrestris plant material was subjected to a standard alkaloid extraction procedure. The extract was fractionated by thin layer chromatography (TLC) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Two major alkaloid fractions were demonstrated. These fractions were identified by means of TLC, ultraviolet spectrofluorimetry (UVS) and HPLC, as the beta‐carboline indoleamines harmane and norharmane. The extractable alkaloid content was determined to be 44 mg/kg dry matter. Synthetic harmane and norharmane were administered subcutaneously to sheep at a dose rate of 54 mg/kg. Both compounds caused similar nervous effects. The main effect observed was limb paresis, which in some sheep was body side biased. The clinical signs observed in the experimental sheep were consistent with those described for naturally occurring cases of Tribulus terrestris staggers. It was proposed that harmane and norharmane accumulate in tryptamine‐associated neurones of the central nervous system, during months of tribulus ingestion, and gradually interact irreversibly with a specific neuronal gene DNA sequence.
Risk characterisation and management of sewage sludge on agricultural land‐implications for the environment and the food‐chain
Authors: ROSS AD , LAWRIE RA , KENEALLY JP , WHATMUFF MS 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe disposal of sewage wastes may cause severe environmental problems as was graphically demonstrated with pollution on Sydney's ocean beaches in recent years. Sewage sludges contain valuable plant nutrients and organic matter which can improve the fertility and structure of the soil. However, human parasites, pathogenic micro‐organisms and chemicals capable of causing soil contamination, phytotoxicity and residues in animal products may also be present.Although sewage sludge is frequently spread on agricultural land overseas, it is not common in Australia and most states do not have specific regulations to minimise risk and promote good practice.A sludge‐to‐land program began in the Sydney region in 1990. It follows guidelines written by NSW Agriculture to encourage beneficial agricultural use of sludge by adoption of environmentally sustainable practices. This article describes the major risks to the food‐chain and the environment, which may be associated with applying sewage sludge to agricultural land. It summarises how the risks are managed, and where further research data are required.
Effect of acepromazine, xylazine and thiopentone on factor VIII activity and von Willebrand factor antigen concentration in dogs
Authors: MANSELL PD , PARRY BW 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe effect of acepromazine maleate, xylazine and thiopentone on the packed cell volume, plasma protein content, factor VIII activity and von Willebrand factor antigen concentration of blood was studied in normal dogs. The same variables were measured in dogs with haemophilia A given acepromazine maleate and thiopentone. Both the packed cell volume and plasma protein content decreased after the administration of either acepromazine maleate or xylazine. Values were not changed further after administration of thiopentone. Changes in the haemostatic variables measured were generally small. Consequently, blood samples collected from dogs under the influence of premedicant doses of acepromazine maleate or xylazine, and when subsequently anaesthetised with thiopentone, are adequate for the assay of factor VIII activity and von Willebrand factor antigen concentration for establishing an animal's haemophilia A and von Willebrand's disease status.
Causes of perinatal mortality in farmed fallow deer (Dama dama)
Authors: ENGLISH AW , MULLEY RC 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe causes of perinatal mortality in farmed fallow deer in the Camden region of New South Wales were determined between 1982 and 1987. The results of 144 necropsies on fawns showed that anteparturient and parturient deaths occurred in 33 (22.9%) of cases, with postparturient deaths accounting for 99 (69.8%), and undiagnosed causes the remaining 12 (8.3%). The most common cause of postparturient death (43.1%) was exposure/starvation of fawns that had birthweights lower than the average for surviving fawns on these same farms (3.01 kg and 4.12 kg, respectively). These results provide good evidence of the correlation between low birthweight and perinatal mortality in fallow deer on Australian deer farms.
The duration of lot‐feeding of sheep before sea transport
Authors: NORRIS RT , RICHARDS RB , NORMAN GJ 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARY: Adult wethers (n=750) were lot‐fed for 13 days, 8 days or 3 days before a simulated voyage lasting 18 days to examine whether the period of lot‐feeding affected the proportion of sheep that ate pelleted feed and their body weight change during simulated shipping.There was no significant difference in the proportion of non‐feeders between treatment groups on days 7 and 14 of the voyage. Body weights were not significantly different between the treatment groups on days 14 and 18 of the voyage. Overall body weight loss, from the farm to the end of simulated shipping, was 4.08 kg (<0.28, s.e.m.), 4.58 kg (<0.28) and 4.51 kg (<0.28) in sheep lot‐fed for 13 days, 8 days and 3 days, respectively, and was not significantly different between treatments.It was concluded that lot‐feeding for 13 days conferred no advantage in body weight or numbers of non‐feeders compared with shorter periods in this study.
Production responses to internal parasite control in dairy cattle
Authors: SPENCE SA , FRASER GC , DETTMANN EB , BATTESE DF 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYA significant increase in milk production, averaging 164 litres per cow per lactation (a 4.8% increase), was seen after cows infected with gastrointestinal nematodes, paramphistomes andFasciola hepaticawere treated with broad‐spectrum anthelmintics. Three hundred and ninety pairs of cows from eight herds with year‐round calving were studied. One cow in each matched pair was given 7.5 mg/kg fenbendazole, 7.5 mg/kg levamisole hydrochloride and 15 mg/kg oxyclozanide in March, May and August of one year; the other cow in the pair received no anthelmintic. The number of nematode and trematode eggs was significantly decreased in the faeces of treated cows.
Experiences with a vaccine being developed for the control of swine dysentery
Authors: HAMPSON DJ , ROBERTSON ID , MHOMA JRL 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARY A prototype vaccine that is being developed for the control of swine dysentery (SD) was tested in two groups of experimental pigs. Vaccination induced high circulating antibody titres against the aetiological agent, Serpulina (Treponema) hyodysenteriae.Pigs in the first trial were vaccinated twice before being challenged orally with the bacteria. Five of 6 unvaccinated animals developed dysentery within a fortnight of challenge, but only 1 of 6 vaccinated pigs showed signs of disease at this time. Unexpectedly, 1 mo after challenge, the surviving unvaccinated pig and 2 remaining healthy vaccinated animals succumbed to the disease. The reason for the development of this late‐onset form of dysentery was not clear.In the second trial, 8 pigs were vaccinated 3 times. Only 2 of these animals (25%) developed severe dysentery after being mixed with infected pigs, whereas 7 of 8 (88%) unvaccinated control pigs in the same pen became diseased. The late‐onset form of dysentery was not observed.The prototype vaccine for SD provided a useful level of protection, and could be used in programs to control the disease in Australia.
Nutrient intake of horses in Thoroughbred and Standardbred stables
Authors: SOUTHWOOD LL , EVANS DL , BRYDEN WL , ROSE RJ 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARY Twenty‐five Thoroughbred (TB) and 25 Standardbred (SB) stables were visited to determine their feeding practices. The ingredients of the main feed of the day for a mature gelding of average size in full training were weighed at each stable. Nutrient content of diets was calculated using published data for the individual ingredients. Results are expressed as mean±sd. The estimated body weight of TB horses was 493±34 kg and 437±32 kg for SB horses.There was considerable variation in diet composition and nutrient intake between stables. The TB trainers fed 11.0±2.4 kg and SB trainers 11.8±2.5 kg per day. The concentrate component of the diet weighed 7.8±1.6 and 7.7±2.3 kg for TB and SB stables, respectively, and the roughage component for TB horses 3.3±1.4 and SB horses 4.1±1.4 kg per day. The digestible energy intake of horses at TB stables was 129±29 MJ per day and at SB stables 132±31 MJ per day. Crude protein intake of TB horses was 1452±363 g and SB horses 1442±338 g per day. There were differences in some feeding practices at TB and SB stables. Standardbred trainers fed more roughage than TB trainers. Standardbred trainers fed chaffed lucerne (alfalfa) and cereal hays as the major roughage, whereas TB trainers fed more hay. The major hay type fed by TB trainers was lucerne, whereas many SB trainers preferred clover hay. Both trainers fed oats as the major grain, but TB trainers fed slightly more maize (corn) than SB trainers. The SB trainers fed barley as part of the concentrate component of the diet, whereas TB trainers usually fed boiled barley and linseed oil in winter only. Although many trainers used vitamin and mineral supplements, this appeared unnecessary in many Instances, especially with respect to Iron. Calcium and NaCI supplementation was necessary for some diets. We concluded that while there was a wide range in feed intake and diet composition for both TB and SB horses, average nutrient intakes were similar to National Research Council (1989) recommendations for horses performing intense work.