bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In Vitro Bonding Performance of Self-etch Adhesives: II—Ultramorphological Evaluation
Authors: Perdigão J. , Lopes M. M. , Gomes G. 
Published: October 2008

Clinical Relevance
All-in-one adhesives are being currently used in clinical dentistry. These simplified adhesives result in a deficient infiltration in dentin and deficient enamel etching, which may result in marginal leakage and compromised durability.
The Inhibitory Effect of MI Paste, Fluoride and a Combination of Both on the Progression of Artificial Caries-like Lesions in Enamel
Authors: Pulido M. T. , Wefel J. S. , Hernandez M. M. , Denehy G. E. , Guzman-Armstrong S. , Chalmers J. M. , Qian F. 
Published: October 2008

Clinical Relevance
It is important to evaluate the inhibitory effect on lesion progression of CPP-ACP when delivered in a mousse vehicle, commercially known as MI Paste, and compare it to actual remineralization products already established.
Effect of pH on the Wettability and Fluoride Release of an Ion-releasing Resin Composite
Authors: Namen F. M. , Galan J. , De Deus G. , Cabreira R. D. , Filho F. C. S. 
Published: October 2008

Clinical RelevanceThe effect of pH on the wettability and fluoride release of Ariston pHc was examined. It was determined that this material might interfere with plaque adhesion in the oral environment.
A Philosophy for Restoring Virgin Caries
Authors: Henry D. B. 
Published: October 2008

Clinical RelevanceThe replacement of failed restorations due to secondary caries is a national problem. This practice often leads to larger restorations that are more complex and have greater potential for tooth loss. The clinical choice of available restorative materials, combined with the operator's skill level, has a profound influence on the life expectancy of a restoration. Subsequently, the life expectancy of a restoration has direct consequences affecting oral health.
Surgical management of metastatic sarcoma to the brain
Authors: Fox Benjamin D. , Patel Akash , Suki Dima , Rao Ganesh 
Published: October 2008

Object
Metastatic sarcoma to the brain is rare and represents a therapeutic challenge due to its relative resistance to radio- and chemotherapy. Resection has traditionally been the mainstay of treatment. The authors reviewed a series of patients with metastatic sarcoma to the brain treated surgically to determine outcomes and identify predictors of survival in these patients.

Methods
A retrospective review of prospectively collected data was undertaken on patients undergoing surgery between 1993 and 2005 for metastatic sarcoma to the brain at The University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center.

Results
During the study period, 62 patients underwent 84 operations for metastatic sarcoma to the brain. The median postoperative overall and progression-free survival rates were 7.5 and 4.7 months, respectively. Fifty-nine (95%) of 62 patients had a gross-total resection. The 30-day mortality rate was 4.2%. The Karnofsky Performance Scale scores at discharge from the hospital and 3 months postoperatively were the same or improved in 50 (85%) of 59 and 26 (51%) of 51, respectively. Overall postcraniotomy survival was 62% at 6 months, 39% at 1 year, 21% at 2 years, and 8% at 5 years. In multivariate and univariate analysis, control of systemic disease, and sarcomas originating from bone, cartilage, or soft tissue were predictors of survival. Patients with control of systemic disease had survival advantage when compared with those who did not. In patients with alveolar soft-part sarcoma, there was a significantly increased survival advantage compared with all other histological subgroups.

Conclusions
The authors' results suggest that in selected patients, resection of metastatic sarcoma to the brain is associated with a relatively low risk of operative death and results in improvement in neurological function. Patients with systemic control of their primary disease and certain histological subtypes (specifically alveolar soft-part sarcoma) have improved overall and progression-free survival.
Pituitary stalk hemangioblastomas in von Hippel–Lindau disease
Authors: Lonser Russell R. , Butman John A. , Kiringoda Ruwan , Song Debbie , Oldfield Edward H. 
Published: October 2008

Object
Pituitary stalk hemangioblastomas are rare, and information on them is limited to a small number of case reports. To gain insight into the incidence, clinical effects, and management of pituitary stalk hemangioblastomas, the authors analyzed a series of patients with von Hippel–Lindau (VHL) disease.

Methods
Patients with VHL disease who were enrolled in a prospective National Institutes of Health natural history study were included. Clinical, imaging, and laboratory findings were analyzed.

Results
Two hundred fifty patients were included in the study (120 male and 130 female patients). In 8 patients (3%), 8 pituitary stalk hemangioblastomas were identified on MR imaging. This anatomical location was the most common supratentorial site for these lesions; 29% of all supratentorial hemangioblastomas were found there. The mean (± standard deviation) pituitary stalk hemangioblastoma volume was 0.5 ± 0.9 cm3 (range 0.08–2.8 cm3). Results of endocrine laboratory profiles were normal in all patients. All patients remained asymptomatic and none required treatment during the follow-up period (mean duration 41.4 ± 14.4 months).

Conclusions
The pituitary stalk is the most common site for the development of supratentorial hemangioblastomas in patients with VHL disease. Pituitary stalk hemangioblastomas often remain asymptomatic and do not require treatment. These findings indicate that pituitary stalk hemangioblastomas in patients with VHL disease may be managed with observation and that surgery for them can be reserved until associated signs or symptoms occur.
Waterjet dissection of the vestibulocochlear nerve: an experimental study
Authors: Tschan Christoph , Gaab Michael Robert , Krauss Joachim Kurt , Oertel Joachim 
Published: October 2008

Object
Waterjet dissection has been shown to protect intracerebral vessels, but no experience exists in applying this modality to the cranial nerves. To evaluate its potential, the authors examined waterjet dissection of the vestibulocochlear nerve in rats.

Methods
Lateral suboccipital craniectomy and microsurgical preparation of the vestibulocochlear nerve were performed in 42 rats. Water pressures of 2–10 bar were applied, and the effect was microscopically evaluated. Auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) were used to define nerve function compared with preoperative values and the healthy contralateral side. The final anatomical preparation documented the morphological and histological effects of waterjet pressure on the nerve.

Results
In using up to 6 bar, the cochlear nerve was preserved in all cases. Eight bar moderately damaged the nerve surface. A 10-bar jet markedly damaged or even completely dissected the nerve. Time course analysis of the ABR demonstrated complete functional nerve preservation up to 6 bar after 6 weeks in all rats. Waterjet dissection with 8 bar was associated with a 60% recovery of ABR. In the 10-bar group, no recovery was seen.

Conclusions
Microsurgical dissection of cranial nerves is possible using waterjet dissection while preserving both morphology and function. The aforementioned jet pressures are known to be effective in neurosurgical treatment of tumors. Thus, waterjet dissection may be useful in skull base surgery including dissection of cranial nerves from tumors. Further studies on this subject are encouraged.
Gas permeation resistance of various grades of perfluoroalkoxy–polytetrafluoroethylene copolymers
Authors: Monson L. , Moon Sung In , Extrand C. W. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe permeation resistance of various grades of perfluoroalkoxy (PFA)/polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) copolymers was tested. Specimens were compression molded using two different cooling techniques: a faster one (ice water quench) and a slower one (press cooled). Permeability, diffusion, and solubility coefficients were measured for hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen gases. The slow cooled samples always showed much better permeation resistance than those cooled quickly, demonstrating that process can be as important as polymer grade in determining the ultimate permeation resistance of PFA. For a given cooling method, molecular mass (chain length) had no appreciable affect on the permeation resistance. On the other hand, PFA grades with increased comonomer content appeared to have slightly diminished permeation resistance whereas grades with PTFE filler had better permeation resistance. Differences in permeation resistance were attributed to variation in crystallinity arising from differences in molecular architecture and processing. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Accelerated aging and contact with food simulants in adhesion of amorphous hydrogenated carbon films obtained by the PECVD process from recycled PET from packaging
Authors: Cruz S. A. , Zanin M. , de Moraes M. A. B. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThis work focuses principally on the influence of time, temperature, and contact with food simulants in adhesion of amorphous hydrogenated carbon (a‐C:H) films obtained by the plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition process in recycled PET from packaging. Shelf life of packaging used in soft drinks, fruit juice, etc. is known to be ∼ 6 months, with possible variations. The a‐C:H film, used in this study as a functional barrier against possible contaminants in recycled PET, was analyzed to determine possible alterations in its physical and chemical properties. The film underwent an accelerated aging test and was exposed to contact with food simulants listed by the FDA. In this case, adhesion is one of the properties most in need of conservation. This property was analyzed by means of the tape test and scanning electronic microscopy. Superficial chemical alterations resulting from both the accelerated aging test and contact with liquids were examined by the contact angle. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
N‐acetyl‐D‐galactosamine‐specific lectin isolation from soyflour with poly(HPMA‐GMA) beads
Authors: Perçin Işık , Yavuz Handan , Aksöz Erol , Denizli Adil 
Published: October 2008

AbstractSoybean lectin was purified from seeds of Glycine max L.Merrill SA88. Poly(hydroxypropyl methacrylate‐glycidyl methacrylate) [poly(HPMA‐GMA)] beads were used as an affinity matrix and N‐acetyl‐D‐galactosamine (GalNAc) was used as an affinity ligand. Soybean lectin adsorption with GalNAc attached poly(HPMA‐GMA) beads from soybean lectin solution (in phosphate buffered saline) was 5.0 mg/g. Maximum adsorption capacity for soybean lectin from the soy flour extract was 26.0 mg/g. Elution of soybean lectin from adsorbent was accomplished by 0.5M galactose solution. Purity of soybean lectin was determined by SDS‐PAGE. It was observed that soybean lectin could be repeatedly adsorbed and desorbed with GalNAc‐attached poly(HPMA‐GMA) beads. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Effect of filler geometry on viscoelastic damping of graphite/aramid and carbon short fiber‐filled SBR composites: A new insight
Authors: Praveen S. , Chakraborty B. C. , Jayendran S. , Raut R. D. , Chattopadhyay S. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractAn investigation on the effect of filler geometry/shape on the dynamic mechanical properties of polymers was conducted. The viscoelastic damping matrix chosen was SBR and the fillers chosen were graphite, aramid, and carbon short fibers. The study was conducted by taking a control base compound of 20 parts N330 carbon black‐filled styrene butadiene rubber (SBR). Dynamic mechanical thermal analyzer was used to investigate the viscoelastic damping of the rubber composites at low dynamic strain levels. Compressive hysterisis at moderate degree of strain were evaluated for all the composite samples to probe into their high strain static damping properties. SEM was used to investigate the matrix‐fiber interaction and distribution of the fillers. Investigations demonstrated that the matrix‐filler interface plays a major role in energy dissipation. The amount of interface was analyzed by considering the half height width of tan δ peak. Fiber matrix interaction parameter was calculated from the tan δmax values for matrix and composite. It was observed the interaction parameter and the low strain tensile stress values register similar trend. Aramid short fibers were most effective in more energy dissipation than other fillers under consideration. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Flame resistant electrospun polymer nanofibers from deoxybenzoin‐based polymers
Authors: Moon SungCheal , Ku Bon‐Cheol , Emrick Todd , Coughlin Bryan E. , Farris Richard J. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractElectrospinning of 4,4′‐bishydroxydeoxybenzoin (BHDB)‐polyphosphonate was performed by varying polymer concentration, flow rate, and the distance between the charged electrode and the grounded target. High flame‐resistant nanofibers with diameters of ∼ 100 nm were obtained by spinning from 65 wt % DMF solution. The nanofibers were unimodal in distribution and uniaxially aligned. The heat release capacity and char yield of the BHDB‐polyphosphonate nanofibers were 70 ± 3 J/g K, and 53%, respectively, in close agreement with the values obtained from the bulk materials. Electrospun nanofiber mats of BHDB‐polyphosphonate with high flame‐retarding properties had good mechanical strength (∼ 95 MPa) and modulus (∼ 3.9 GPa). © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Mechanical and thermal properties of poly(vinyl chloride)/α‐methyl‐styrene‐acrylonitrile blends prepared by melt extrusion
Authors: Moon Hyun Sik , Kim Mun Ho , Park O Ok 
Published: October 2008

AbstractIn this article, we have examined the physical and mechanical properties of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC)/α‐methyl‐styrene‐acrylonitrile (αMSAN; 31 wt % AN concentrations) blends with different blend ratios. And, we also examined the effect of the molecular weights of PVC on the miscibility and material properties of the blends prepared by melt extrusion blending. Our results showed that the PVC/αMSAN blends have good processing properties and good miscibility over all blend ratios because of the strong interaction between PVC and αMSAN. And, the blends showed enhanced mechanical and thermal properties. In addition, high molecular weight PVC showed reasonable processability when melt blended with αMSAN, which resulted in enhanced mechanical and physical properties. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Synthesis and characterization of poly(ε‐caprolactone)‐b‐poly(ethylene glycol)‐b‐poly(ε‐caprolactone) triblock copolymers with dibutylmagnesium as catalyst
Authors: Wei Zhiyong , Liu Lian , Yu Fengyun , Wang Pei , Qi Min 
Published: October 2008

AbstractTwo series of poly(ε‐caprolactone)‐b‐poly(ethylene glycol)‐b‐poly(ε‐caprolactone) triblock copolymers were prepared by the ring opening polymerization of ε‐caprolactone in the presence of poly(ethylene glycol) and dibutylmagnesium in 1,4‐dioxane solution at 70°C. The triblock structure and molecular weight of the copolymers were analyzed and confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, FTIR, and gel permeation chromatography. The crystallization and thermal properties of the copolymers were investigated by wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results illustrated that the crystallization and melting behaviors of the copolymers were depended on the copolymer composition and the relative length of each block in copolymers. Crystallization exothermal peaks (Tc) and melting endothermic peaks (Tm) of PEG block were significantly influenced by the relative length of PCL blocks, due to the hindrance of the lateral PCL blocks. With increasing of the length of PCL blocks, the diffraction and the melting peak of PEG block disappeared gradually in the WAXD patterns and DSC curves, respectively. In contrast, the crystallization of PCL blocks was not suppressed by the middle PEG block. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Thermal properties of extruded injection‐molded poly(lactic acid) and milkweed composites: Degradation kinetics and enthalpic relaxation
Authors: Mohamed Abdellatif A. , Finkenstadt V. L. , Palmquist D. E. , Rayas‐Duarte P. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractTo determine the degree of compatibility between poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and different biomaterials, PLA was compounded with milkweed fiber, a new crop oil seed. After oil extraction, milkweed remaining cake retained approximately 10% residual oil, 47% protein, and 10% moisture. The fiber (300 μm) was added at 85 : 15 and 70 : 30 PLA : Fiber and blended by extrusion (EX) followed by injection molding (IM). Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were used for testing the composites. After melting in the DSC sealed pans, composites were cooled by immersion in liquid nitrogen and aged (stored) at room temperature for 0, 7, 15, and 30 days. After storage, samples were heated from room temperature to 180°C at 10°C/min. The pure PLA showed a glass transition (Tg) at 60.3°C and the corresponding ΔCp was 0.464 J/g/°C followed by crystallization and melting transitions. The enthalpic relaxation (ER) of neat PLA and composites steadily increased as a function of storage time. Although the presence of fiber had little effect on ER, IM reduced it. The percentage crystallinity of neat unprocessed PLA dropped by 95 and 80% for the EX and IM, respectively. The degradation activation energy (Ea) of neat PLA exhibited a significant drop in nitrogen environment, whereas increased in air, indicating PLA resistant to heat degradation in the presence of oxygen. Overall, IM appeared to decrease Ea of the composites, whereas milkweed significantly reduced Ea values in nitrogen environment. Enzymatic degradation of the composites revealed higher degradation rate for the EX samples versus IM, whereas 30% milkweed exhibited higher weight loss compared to the 15%. The degradation mechanism was observed by looking at the percent conversion as a function of Ea from the TGA data, where multisteps degradation occurred mostly in air. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
An accurate simulator for magnetic resonance coil sensitivity estimation
Authors: Giovannetti Giulio , Viti Vittorio , Liu Yongjun , Yu Wenhua , Mittra Raj , Landini Luigi , Benassi Antonio 
Published: October 2008

AbstractCoil sensitivity estimation in magnetic resonance experiments requires the knowledge of biological sample‐induced resistance. In dependence on system geometry, many authors studied sample–coil interaction by using a very simple coil geometry (circular, square, etc.) and homogeneous infinitely long cylinders, spheres, or half‐spaces as approximations of the sample geometry. However, in real MR experiments, both shape and dimensions can be very different with respect to these coil and sample models. In this article, we propose the application of finite‐difference time‐domain method for sample‐induced resistance estimation. The developed approach can be used as a tool to estimate sample‐induced resistance in complex receiving systems, without approximations in sample and coil geometries. Calculation of both sample‐induced resistance and magnetic field pattern permits to estimate coil sensitivity for optimal coil design in dependence on the sample size and geometry. Comparison with experimental data, performed on two home‐built saddle coils, demonstrated the great accuracy of the developed method. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part B (Magn Reson Engineering) 33B: 209–215, 2008
Inductively coupled RF coil design for simultaneous microimaging of multiple samples
Authors: Wang Tao , Ciobanu Luisa , Zhang Xiaozhong , Webb Andrew 
Published: October 2008

AbstractAn apparatus for studying multiple samples simultaneously using magnetic resonance imaging was proposed. It consists of a number of individually resonant radiofrequency microcoils, each of which are inductively coupled to a larger transmit and receive coil. The advantages of this approach are ease of construction and coil replacement, if necessary, and the requirement for only one receive channel. Theoretical analysis based on equivalent circuit models has been performed, showing that when n microcoils are critically coupled to the larger coil, the signal‐to‐noise of each microsample decreases by a factor approximately equal to the square root of n for n ≫ 1: experimental results confirm the theoretical results. Three‐dimensional images of the lipid biodistribution in developing canola seeds have been obtained using four inductively coupled microcoils at 600 MHz. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part B (Magn Reson Engineering) 33B: 236–243, 2008
Adaptively regularized gradient coils for reduced local heating
Authors: Poole Michael , Lopez Hector Sanchez , Crozier Stuart 
Published: October 2008

AbstractGradient and shim coil design is an inverse problem in which the objective is to generate a magnetic field with an error that falls within acceptable limits while optimizing some other property of the coil. This problem can be solved using a boundary element method via regularized matrix inversion. However, it is not possible to optimize properties that are not linear‐least‐squares with respect to the solutions using this method. In this work, we employ adaptive regularization to design coils with reduced maximum local current density, which is not a linear‐least‐squares problem. Reducing the maximum local current density allows the design of coils with lower maximum local Joule heating for the same gradient field strength and uniformity. Excessive local heating can be the cause of thermal drift and localized gradient failure. The minimum spacing between wires is increased by this method, permitting the design of more efficient coils for a given minimum wire spacing constraint as dictated by the method of manufacture. The adaptive regularization method, as formulated within the inverse boundary element method (IBEM) coil design framework, is described and results from three types of adaptively regularized coils are presented. The maximum local current densities of the coils are shown to be significantly reduced by adaptive regularization at the expense of some increase in their inductances and resistances. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part B (Magn Reson Engineering) 33B: 220–227, 2008
An inexpensive and programmable RF transmitter setup for two‐coil CASL
Authors: Xu Qin , Glielmi Christopher , Zhou Lei , Choi Kisueng , Hu Xiaoping 
Published: October 2008

AbstractAn inexpensive and programmable RF transmitter for two‐coil continuous arterial spin labeling (CASL) system is presented in this article. Unlike previous implementations of two‐coil CASL which require expensive MR RF instruments, our design utilizes a low‐cost system on chip direct digital synthesizer and a mini‐size communication RF power amplifier to generate the labeling RF waveform without sacrificing RF performance. Compared with a single RF channel two‐coil CASL approach, this design requires minimal scanner hardware modifications. Moreover, this design offers a programmable interface for easy sequence setup and debugging. Performance and ease of use are validated experimentally. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part B (Magn Reson Engineering) 33B: 228–235, 2008