bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Landslide vulnerability mapping using multi-criteria decision-making approaches: in Gacho Babba District, Gamo Highlands Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Tadesse Lemma , Uncha Abera , Toma Thomas 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe landslide has been a life-threatening natural disaster in most districts of Gamo Highlands. This study was conducted to assess the status of landslide vulnerability in the Gacho Baba district of the Gamo zone in southern Ethiopia. The Geographic Information System Analytical Hierarchy Process and Weighted Linear Combination multi-criteria decision-making approaches were applied. Eight causative factors of landslide, namely, slope, elevation, aspect, distance from the stream, drainage density, soil type, distance from the road, and land use/cover were considered. The weight values of each causative factor were determined by previous studies, field observations, and experts’ judgment. The calculated weight of each causative factor is the slope (23%), elevation (21%), aspect (8%), stream distance and drainage density each (12%), soil type and road length each (9%), and land use/cover (6%). Moreover, the Consistency Index (0.13) and Consistency Ratio (0.08%) were calculated with acceptable values for comparison to weighted overlay analysis to produce a landslide vulnerability map of the study area. The result shows that the vast majority of the study district (86.6%) falls within a very high to moderate landslide susceptibility class and only (13.4%) falls within a very low and low susceptibility. This indicates that almost all the 11 villages in the district, are found within the high to moderate landslide vulnerability class which alerts responsible community and zonal disaster risk prevention and related offices to take action on the identified causative factors to reduce the occurrences of landslide hazard in the study district.
Economic analysis of potential of citrus and walnut fruits by artificial neural network
Authors: Bhagat Vipal , Dwivedi Sudhakar , Shams Rafeeya , Dash Kshirod K. , BhagyaRaj G. V. S. , Kovács Béla , Mukarram Shaikh Ayaz 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSouth Asian countries have a wealth of opportunities to use the rainfed lands to the farmers’ advantage with the largest amount of rainfed land. The economic circumstances of the farmers operating in these areas are appalling due to the inefficient use of these lands. The work reported in this paper was carried out in the Jammu, Kathua, and Udhampur districts of the Jammu division. Two horticultural crops, viz., citrus and walnuts, were discovered to be cultivated in the chosen sample location. The influence of several elements to the financial potential of these horticultural crops was investigated using production functional analysis and marginal value productivity (MVP). The use of artificial neural networks (ANNs) further assisted this. According to a production functional analysis, the main variables in the districts of Udhampur and Kathua are machine labour and fertilisers, followed by human labour and fertilisers in the Jammu district. However, sensitivity analysis revealed the importance of manure, fertilisers, and manpower. In the rainfed portions of Jammu division, manpower combined with fertilisers is often thought of as the key determining factor for the profitability of horticulture crops like citrus and walnut. The absence of better varieties was identified via Garett ranking as the main restriction, followed by a lack of knowledge and expensive inputs, respectively.
Development of remote-controlled solar-powered pesticide sprayer vehicle
Authors: Kayode Joseph Friday , Amudipe Samuel Olufemi , Nwodo Chubike William , Afolalu Sunday Adeniran , Akinola Adebisi Olayinka , Ikumapayi Omolayo Michael , Oladapo Bankole Ibrahim , Akinyoola John Olaoluwa 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPest species pose a significant threat to the agricultural industry as they can negatively impact crop productivity and result in potential financial losses due to damage. This research aims to address agricultural challenges in the local area and improve the efficiency of pesticide application. A solar-powered, remote-controlled, semi-automated knapsack sprayer vehicle has been developed to address this issue. It operates using a 100 AH battery that is charged by four 30W solar panels connected in tandem to produce 120 W, providing power to the motors and pump. The vehicle uses a 12 V hub motor to drive the back and steer the front and is equipped with a 12 V window regulator/wiper motor. The vehicle is controlled by a remote control and an HC-05 transmitter and receiver, programmed with an ATMEGA32A linked to a relay board. The vehicle utilizes a 116 psi ≈ 799.8 kPa pump for the sprayer. Results indicate that as the feed pressure increases, the flow rate steadily rises and reaches 4 L per minute at the 799.8 kPa pump. With a pump spray rate of 5 L per minute when increased and a pesticide tank capacity of 20 L, the vehicle can spray for a total of 4 min and cover 159 m. Employing a remote control reduces the need for manual labour, making pesticide spraying more consistent, efficient, and productive. The sprayer also saves time compared to traditional methods and poses no harm to the operator.
The role of cognitive control and naming in aphasia
Authors: Kiss Annamária , Csépe Valéria 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe classical aphasia literature has placed considerable emphasis on the language-centered understanding of aphasia and failed to consider the role of executive functions (EFs) regarding different aspects of patients’ performance. Many current studies suggest deficits in EFs in individuals with aphasia, however, the available data is still limited. Here, our aim was to investigate the impairment of EFs and its potential negative effects on naming (slower performance, increased reaction time and/or decreased accuracy). We sought to determine whether the poor performance observed in word fluency task correlated with similar outcomes in naming. Our study involved five Hungarian post stroke aphasic patients (2 males and 3 females) between the ages of 60 and 70, as well as a control group matched for age and gender. The participants were diagnosed with different types of aphasia (global, Wernicke’s, anomic and conduction). This study employed various neuropsychological and linguistic batteries. By comparing the patients’ performance to that of the control group, we aimed to investigate the impacts of stroke. Within the aphasia group, we observed difficulties in following complex commands and a connection between general slowness and reduced accuracy in naming. We concluded that impairment of executive functions may have a negative impact on naming, comprehension, and fluency. Therefore, it is important to consider functional variations in neural networks, and to base our interpretations on the available psychophysiological data in literature. Our findings provide an alternative perspective to the traditional assessment of aphasia and highlight the importance of considering the role of executive functions.
Integrating machine learning and genome editing for crop improvement
Authors: Chen Long , Liu Guanqing , Zhang Tao 
Published: February 2024

AbstractGenome editing is a promising technique that has been broadly utilized for basic gene function studies and trait improvements. Simultaneously, the exponential growth of computational power and big data now promote the application of machine learning for biological research. In this regard, machine learning shows great potential in the refinement of genome editing systems and crop improvement. Here, we review the advances of machine learning to genome editing optimization, with emphasis placed on editing efficiency and specificity enhancement. Additionally, we demonstrate how machine learning bridges genome editing and crop breeding, by accurate key site detection and guide RNA design. Finally, we discuss the current challenges and prospects of these two techniques in crop improvement. By integrating advanced genome editing techniques with machine learning, progress in crop breeding will be further accelerated in the future.
Artificial intelligence at sentencing: when do algorithms perform well enough to replace humans?
Authors: Ryberg Jesper 
Published: February 2024

AbstractArtificial intelligence is currently supplanting the work of humans in many societal contexts. The purpose of this article is to consider the question of when algorithmic tools should be regarded as performing sufficiently well to replace human judgements and decision-making at sentencing. More precisely, the question as to which are the ethically plausible criteria for the comparative performance assessments of algorithms and humans is considered with regard to both risk assessment algorithms that are designed to provide predictions of recidivism and sentencing algorithms designed to determine sentences in individual criminal cases. It is argued, first, that the prima facie most obvious assessment criteria do not stand up to ethical scrutiny. Second, that ethically plausible criteria presuppose ethical theory on penal distribution which currently has not been sufficiently developed. And third, that the current lack of assessment criteria has comprehensive implications regarding when algorithmic tools should be implemented in criminal justice practice.
Learning from machine learning: the case of band-gap directness in semiconductors
Authors: Ogoshi Elton , Popolin-Neto Mário , Acosta Carlos Mera , Nascimento Gabriel M. , Rodrigues João N. B. , Oliveira Osvaldo N. , Paulovich Fernando V. , Dalpian Gustavo M. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractHaving a direct or indirect band gap can influence the potential applications of a semiconductor, for indirect band gap materials are usually not suitable for optoelectronic devices. Even though this is a fundamental property of semiconducting materials, discussed in textbooks, no unified theory exists to explain why a material has a direct or indirect band gap. Here we used an interpretable machine learning model, the multiVariate dAta eXplanation (VAX) method, to gather information from a dataset of materials extracted from the Materials Project. The dataset contains more than 10000 entries, and atomic properties such as the number of electrons, electronic affinity and orbital energies were used as features to build random forest models that successfully explain the directness of the band gaps. Our results indicate that symmetry is an important feature that dictates the target property, which is the reason why our analysis is made based on sub-groups with similar structures. These sub-groups include materials with zincblende, rocksalt, wurtzite, and perovskite structures. Besides the symmetry of the materials, the existence or not of d bands and the relative energy of atomic orbitals were found to be important in defining whether a material’s band gap is direct or indirect. In conclusion, interpretable machine learning methods such as VAX can be useful in obtaining physical interpretation from materials databases.
Persistence of folk dishes in the Coastal Cilento's Culinary Culture: an ethnogastronomic approach
Authors: Motti Riccardo , Ercolini Danilo , Ricciardi Massimo , Gherardelli Mara , Iacomino Giuseppina , De Magistris Anna 
Published: February 2024

AbstractLocal gastronomy could be considered a relevant part of the more general concept of Traditional Knowledge, that recently has attracted increasing attention by researchers, especially if associated with conservation and sustainable use of biological resources. The present research was conducted using a semi-structured interview, 62 informants (39 women, 23 men) whose average age was 55 years (range 27–86 years) were interviewed. 109 traditional dishes are documented as still being prepared by people living along the Cilento coastal areas, 57 of which were reported by at least 5 people interviewed. The study reveals that despite the influence of globalization and modernization, traditional foodways and culinary practices continue to play an important role in the daily lives of the people in this region. Specifically, the study highlights the persistence of certain dishes, which are deeply rooted in the local culinary traditions and are still prepared and consumed by the people in this region.
Physician communication with families during pediatric ECMO: results from a Delphi study
Authors: Eaton Sarah M. , Kirsch Roxanne E. , Streuli Jürg C. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To develop physician recommendations for communicating with families during pediatric extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in Canada and the USA.

Methods
We used the Delphi methodology, which consists of 3 iterative rounds. During Round 1, we conducted semi-structured interviews with each panelist, who were pediatricians from the USA and Canada from the following pediatric specialties: intensive care, cardiac intensive care, and neonatology. We then used content analysis to code the interviews and develop potential recommendations. During Round 2, panelists evaluated each item via a Likert scale as a potential recommendation. Before Round 3, panelists were provided personalized feedback reports of the results of Round 2. During Round 3, panelists re-evaluated items that did not reach consensus during Round 2. Items that reached consensus in Rounds 2 and 3 were translated into the final framework.

Results
Consensus was defined as (1) a median rating ≥ 7 and (2) ≥ 70% of the panelists rating the recommendation ≥ 7. The final framework included 105 recommendations. The recommendations emphasized the importance of clarifying the goal of ECMO, its time-limited nature, and the possibility of its discontinuation resulting in patient death. The recommendations also provide guidance on how to share updates with the family and perform compassionate discontinuation.

Conclusion
A panel of experts from Canada and the USA developed recommendations for communicating with families during pediatric ECMO therapy. The recommendations offer guidance for communicating during the introduction of ECMO, providing updates throughout the ECMO course, and during the discontinuation of ECMO. There are also points of disagreement on best communication practices which should be further explored.
Ground collision avoidance system with multi-trajectory risk assessment and decision function
Authors: Chen R. , Zhao L. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe traditional ground collision avoidance system (GCAS) makes avoidance decisions based on predicted collision time, without considering the impact of terrain environment and dynamic changes in load factor on avoidance decisions. This increases the risk of ground collisions for the aircraft. To solve the problem, a GCAS with multi-trajectory risk assessment and decision function is proposed. Firstly, a variety of predicted flight avoidance trajectories are established within the final manoeuvering capability of the aircraft. Secondly, for each predicted trajectory, the uncertain length between adjacent prediction points is used to construct a rectangular distance bin, and the terrain data below the avoided trajectory is extracted. Finally, the regret theory is used to establish a multi-attribute avoidance decision model to evaluate and prioritise the risk of collision avoidance trajectories, to provide effective collision avoidance decision for pilots. The algorithm is tested and verified with real digital elevation model and simulated flight data, and compared with traditional GCAS. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can comprehensively consider manoeuvering performance and threatening terrain, and provide safe and effective avoidance decisions for pilots.
Contact precautions as a barrier to hand hygiene: The Plan–Do–Study–Act (PDSA) framework to improve compliance with gloved hand hygiene
Authors: Bailey Pamela , Cooper Kaila , Stevens Michael P. , Bearman Gonzalo , Doll Michelle 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn an identified quality improvement effort, nurses were observed regarding their workflow while in contact precaution rooms. Multiple opportunities for hand hygiene were missed while nurses were in gloves, predominantly while moving between “dirty” and “clean” tasks. An education initiative afterward did not show improvement in hand hygiene rates.
Population structure of three invasive congeneric teasel (Dipsacus) species
Authors: Gaskin John F. , West Natalie , Rector Brian G. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThree species of the Old World genus Dipsacus L. are considered invasive in the Americas, yet they may differ in how they spread and reproduce and in their genetic diversity. Differences in invasion method may suggest that different management techniques are needed for each species. We performed genetic analyses on 572 plants in 69 populations from the United States, Argentina, and Eurasia with the goals of analyzing taxonomy, diversity, mode of reproduction, population structure, and founder effect of each of these species’ invasions, as well as looking for evidence of recent or ongoing hybridization. We found Indian teasel [Dipsacus sativus (L.) Honck.] to be lowest in diversity and possibly reliant on self-pollination more than the other species, Fuller’s teasel (Dipsacus fullonum L.) and cutleaf teasel (Dipsacus laciniatus L.). We found no evidence of hybridization within the invasions and no support for D. sativus as a subspecies of D. fullonum. The closest genetic matches of D. fullonum from the United States to the native range were with Hungary and Spain, while the closest match for D. fullonum between Argentina and the native range was with Spain. Dipsacus laciniatus from the United States most closely matched with samples from Russia. Population structure information regarding these three weedy Dipsacus species can help us understand their invasive processes as well as give insight into their management and the development of a biological control program.
Fall or spring aminopyralid applications control Taeniatherum caput-medusae
Authors: Jones Lisa C. , Beckley Cody , Ransom Corey V. , Prather Timothy S. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMedusahead [Taeniatherum caput-medusae (L.) Nevski] is an invasive winter annual grass of western North American grasslands and rangelands that negatively impacts forage production, wildlife habitat, and ecosystem processes. Growth regulator herbicides, such as aminopyralid, applied in spring reduced invasive annual grass seed viability in greenhouse and California annual grassland experiments. Beginning in fall 2017, we tested combinations of sequential fall (preemergence) and spring (postemergence) aminopyralid applications at low (103 g ae ha−1) and high (206 g ae ha−1) rates at two ecologically distinct sites in the Intermountain West. Preemergence and postemergence aminopyralid applications at low and high rates controlled T. caput-medusae by 76% to 100% the second summer after study initiation. At the Utah site (which is warmer, drier, and more degraded than the Idaho site), the high rate resulted in better control. The first summer, postemergence aminopyralid applications at low and high rates reduced seed viability 47% to 91% compared with nontreated seeds, with the greatest reductions seen in Utah, which was experiencing drought. Across study sites, reduced T. caput-medusae germination in one year was linked to improved control the following year. The Idaho site also had desirable perennial grasses, which we used to investigate non-target effects. In general, there was a correlation between high T. caput-medusae control and higher perennial grass cover, indicating that successful control can make desirable perennial grasses more vigorous in this system. The option of a spring aminopyralid application increases the management window for controlling invasive annual grasses by decreasing seed viability, thereby depleting short-lived seedbanks.
Lateral flexure of Erebus Ice Tongue due to ocean current forcing and fast ice coupling
Authors: Gomez-Fell Rodrigo , Rack Wolfgang , Marsh Oliver J. , Purdie Heather 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Ice tongues are unconfined by land on their lateral margins and are sensitive to external forcing from the ocean. They are found sporadically around the Antarctic coast but are common in the western Ross Sea. Lateral flexure creates bending stresses within these ice tongues which is likely to contribute to their fragility and may restrict their spatial distribution. A three-year time series (2017–2020) of synthetic aperture radar interferometry (InSAR) and differential interferometry (DInSAR) is used to observe the lateral flexure of the 10 km long Erebus Ice Tongue as a result of ocean currents. The fast ice area around the ice tongue was mapped during the same period. It was found that when fast ice was absent (34.7% of the time), the average lateral movement of the ice tongue was twice as high (0.44 m) as when it was embedded in fast ice (0.19 m). A significant correlation (0.45) between flexure and tidal currents was found when fast ice was absent. An analytical model tuned to observations suggests that even without sea ice for stabilisation, the lateral bending stresses induced by the ocean are insufficient to cause calving without additional amplifying factors.
A NOTE ON PROJECTIONS IN ÉTALE GROUPOID ALGEBRAS AND DIAGONAL-PRESERVING HOMOMORPHISMS
Authors: STEINBERG BENJAMIN 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCarlsen [‘
$\ast $
-isomorphism of Leavitt path algebras over
$\Bbb Z$
’, Adv. Math.324 (2018), 326–335] showed that any
$\ast $
-homomorphism between Leavitt path algebras over
$\mathbb Z$
is automatically diagonal preserving and hence induces an isomorphism of boundary path groupoids. His result works over conjugation-closed subrings of
$\mathbb C$
enjoying certain properties. In this paper, we characterise the rings considered by Carlsen as precisely those rings for which every
$\ast $
-homomorphism of algebras of Hausdorff ample groupoids is automatically diagonal preserving. Moreover, the more general groupoid result has a simpler proof.
Age at first calving and productive performance of primiparous Holsteins
Authors: Braganholo Rafael Ceolim , Bánkuti Ferenc Istvan , dos Santos Fabio Seiji , Pedrosa Victor Breno , Zambom Maximiliane Alavarse , Valloto Altair Antônio , dos Santos Geraldo Tadeu 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis study investigated the age at first calving in Holstein heifers and its impact on various production parameters. A sample of 737 Holstein heifers born between 2015 and 2018 and finishing their first lactations between 2018 and 2020 was included. Cluster analysis revealed three groups based on age at first calving: high precocity, medium precocity and low precocity. Medium-precocity group exhibited the highest 305-day milk yield and peak milk production. Additionally, the same group demonstrated superior mean production per lactation, 305-day milk protein content, and 305-day milk yield. The lowest somatic cell count was found in the low-precocity group. In conclusion, medium-precocity cows showed better results such as higher 305-day milk yield and peak milk production.