bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Comparison of Nontransmural and Transmural MyocardiaI Infarction
Authors: Boxall J. , Saltups A. 
Published: March 2008

Summary: A comparison of nontransmural and transmural myocardial infarction. J. Boxall and A. Saltups, Aust. N.Z. J. Med., 1980, 10, pp. 176–179.This report compares the past history, hospital course and follow‐up of 70 patients with nontransmural myocardial infarction compared to 259 patients with transmural myocardial infarctionThe pre‐infarction history in the two groups is similar with respect to angina and infarction. The hospital course for non‐transmural myocardial infarction is not a guide for future cardiac events and the post‐hospital prognosis in the two groups is similar. Nontransmural myocardial infarction has a lower hospital mortality (P<0.05). Patients in whom nontransmural myocardial infarction is a first coronary event have a lower incidence of subsequent angina (P< 0.05).The study demonstrates that myocardial infarction without development of q waves does not have an unfavourable long term outlook when compared to transmural infarction. This finding is contrary to reports which suggest a poor prognosis and recommend early coronary anteriography with a view to aorto‐coronary bypass in patients with nontransmural infarction
Neuralgic Amyotrophy: Criteria for Diagnosis and a Clinical with Electromyographic Study of 21 Cases
Authors: Devathasan G. , Tong H. I. 
Published: March 2008

Summary: Neuralgic amyotrophy: criteria for diagnosis and a clinical with electromyographic study of 21 cases. G. Devathasan and H. I. Tong, Aust. N.Z. J. Med., 1980, 10, pp. 188–191.Twenty‐one cases of neuralgic amyotrophy referred for diagnosis and for electromyography were studied. The criteria used for diagnosis included pain, wasting and paralysis of shoulder girdle muscles, the absence of a compressive or traumatic lesion, spontaneous full or partial recovery and electromyographic findings of denervation or reduced numbers of functioning motor units of the muscles involved. Pain was usually sudden in onset and preceded paralysis. The commonest muscles involved were the deltoid, supraspinatus, infraspinatus and biceps. Sensory changes were minimal. Recovery was the rule and repeat electromyogram after full clinical recovery was normal. The common diagnostic difficulties were excluding poliomyelitis in children, trauma in adults and cervical spondylosis in the elderly. The atypical manifestations need to be recognised in this condition, the aetiology of which is unknown in the majority of cases
Cardiac Tamponade: Accurate Diagnosis by Radionuclide Angiography
Authors: Uren R. F. , Mclaughlin A. F. , Cormack J. 
Published: March 2008

Summary: This study was performed to define the signs of cardiac tamponade on radionuclide angiography.The first pass studies were performed on a large field gamma camera, using a bolus of technetium pertechnetate.Three hundred and seventy‐two studies were analysed. Cardiac tamponade requiring surgical intervention was present at the time in 28 studiesThe diagnostic signs of cardiac tamponade on radionuclide angiography were:(1) Right ventricular compression—sensitivity 82%, specificity 97%, predictive value of a positive result 72%, predictive value of a negative result 99%, and(2) Right atrial compression—sensitivity 21%, specificity 99%, predictive value of a positive result 75%, predictive value of a negative result 94%.Cardiac tamponade can be accurately diagnosed on radionuclide angiography and thus indicate those pericardial effusions which require urgent drainage.
The Value of Exercise Electrocardiography and Exercise Thallium‐201 Myocardial Perfusion Scanning in Determining the Presence of Single Vessel Coronary Artery Obstruction
Authors: Dunn R. F. , Freedman B. , Bailey I. K. , Uren R. F. , Kelly D. T. 
Published: March 2008

Summary: In 39 patients with single vessel coronary artery disease and no previous myocardial infarction, exercise thallium‐207 myocardial perfusion scanning and 12 lead exercise electrocardiography (ECG) were compared to see how reliably each method identified the site of coronary artery obstruction. Significant (≥ 70% diameter) stenosis was present in the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery in 21 patients, in the right coronary artery (RCA) in 14 patients and in the left circumflex (LCX) in four patients. Thallium defects on the scan in the septa1 (SEPT), anteroseptal (ANT SEPT) and anterior (ANT) segments correlated (P < 0.0005) with LAD disease and defects in the inferior (INF), posteroinferior (POST INF), and posterior (POST) segments correlated (P < 0.0005) with RCA or LCX disease. Exercise induced ST segment elevation in VI and/or AVL correlated with LAD disease. The site of ischaemic ST depression did not correlate with disease in any vessel. ST segment depression in leads L2, 3, AVF (67%) and in leads V4–6 (67%) was most sensitive for detecting patients with LAD disease and ST depression in leads V4–6 was most sensitive (56%) for detecting patients with RCA or LCX disease but neither differentiated LAD from RCAILCX disease.During exercise induced ischaemia, the site of ST segment depression on the 12 lead exercise ECG will not identify the area of ischaemia in patients with single vessel disease but thallium defects will. In contrast to ST depression, ST elevation in V1 and/or AVL may identify LAD stenosis.
RELAPSE OF HERPES SIMPLEX ENCEPHALITIS AFTER ACYCLOVIR THERAPY
Authors: KNEZEVIC W. , CARROLL W. M. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract:Acyclovir is a new and well tolerated anti‐viral agent whose role in the treatment of herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) is still being evaluated. Although relapse of adenosine arabinoside treated HSE has been documented, this paper describes the recurrence of encephalitis after treatment with the recommended course of Acyclovir. A more extended course of Acyclovir produced a rapid and sustained improvement with minimal residual neurological deficit. We emphasise the need for more prolonged treatment and an awareness of the possibility of relapse when using Acyclovir for HSE.
M‐MODE ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY: REPRODUCIBILITY OF SERIAL LEFT VENTRICULAR MEASUREMENTS IN SUBJECTS WITH NORMAL VENTRICLES and PATIENTS WITH CONGESTIVE CARDIOMYOPATHY
Authors: MACMAHON S. W. , HICKEY A. J. , WILCKEN D. E. L. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Serial measurements of left ventricular short axis dimensions were made to determine reproducibility in ten normal subjects and in ten patients with congestive cardiomyopathy without asynergic wall motion, conduction abnormalities, or arrhythmias, three echocardiograms were performed over a period of three weeks in each subject. In the congestive cardiomyopathy group, mean coefficients of variation for diastolic and systolic left ventricular dimensions (LVIDd, LVIDs) and fractional shortening (FS) were 3.5%, 4.3% and 10.3% respectively. In the normal subjects they were slightly less; LVIDd (2.2%), LVIDs (3.1 %) and FS (8.0%) but the difference was not statistically significant. Coefficients of variation for calculated diastolic and systolic volumes in the normal ventricle group (Teichholz formula) were 5.0% and 7.1% respectively and for ejection fraction, stroke volume and cardiac output 5.8%, 9.8% and 11.8%.The results demonstrate that M‐mode echocardiography is a reliable technique for serial quantitative studies of left ventricular dimensions in both normal subjects, and in selected patients with congestive cardiomyopathy. M‐mode echocardiography may be used to assess the responses of patient groups but not of individual patients to interventions which change ventricular volume and cardiac output in subjects with normal left ventricles in whom good quality endocardial echoes are recorded.
COMPLEMENT ALLOTYPING IN SLE: ASSOCIATION WITH C4A NULL
Authors: CHRISTIANSEN F. T. , DAWKINS R. L. , UKO G. , McCLUSKEY J. , KAY P. H. , ZILKO P. J. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Immunogenetic factors are important in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and deficiency of a number of complement components is often associated with a lupuslike illness. The complement components Bf, C2 and C4 are encoded within the human major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and are polymorphic. A study of HLA and Bf and C4 polymorphism in 43 patients with SLE was undertaken firstly, to determine whether partial deficiency of C2 and C4 may predispose to disease and secondly, because it may allow the better definition of important supratypes associated with the disease and which may include the relevant disease gene(s).An increased frequency of C4A null alleles has been shown in SLE, with a minimal estimated C4A null gene frequency of 0.32 versus 0.20, but no case of partial C2 deficiency was identified. These results may indicate a direct role for partial C4 deficiency or that C4A null may be a marker for an important supratype which includes the relevant disease gene(s).
INTRAVENOUS METHYLPREDNISOLONE PULSE THERAPY IN MINIMAL CHANGE NEPHROTIC SYNDROME
Authors: YEUNG C. K. , WONG K. L. , NG W. L. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract:The effectiveness of intravenous methylprednisolone pulses in 20 mg/kg/day for three consecutive days was compared with a more conventional oral prednisone regime in inducing remission in adult patients presenting with first episodes of minimal change nephrotic syndrome. Methylprednisolone was significantly less effective and failed to induce remission in six of nine patients within two weeks of treatment, while the oral prednisone regime was uniformly effective in all eight patients within five weeks. Of the six non‐responders to methylprednisolone five subsequently remitted with oral prednisone, and one with cyclophosphamide. Except for one patient in the oral prednisone group who had acute gastritis with bleeding, no serious side‐effect was seen with either treatment regimes.
SEROTYPES IN PNEUMOCOCCAL DISEASE A TEN YEAR STUDY IN AUSTRALIA 1970 THROUGH 1979
Authors: HANSMAN D. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract:During the ten year period 1970 through 1979, pneumococci from 1205 episodes of pneumococcal disease affecting children and adults in Australia were studied. These included 188 cases of bacteremic pneumonia (85% in adults), 103 cases of primary bacteremia (50% adults), 201 cases of meningitis (69% children), 13 cases of osteomyelitis and/or arthritis, and 13 cases of peritonitis. Otitis media (403 cases), conjunctivitis and sinusitis were predominant amongst 672 localised infections. Of 36 serotypes of pneumococci met with, the leading types were 19, 14, 6, 3 and 9: type 14 predominated in children with primary bacteremia, bacteremic pneumonia or meningitis, type 9 in adults with bacteremic pneumonia, and types 3 and 7 in adults with meningitis. In otitis media types 19 and 3 predominated, in conjunctivitis types 19 and 6, and in sinusitis types 6 and 19. For bacteremic and meningeal infections the current (United States) vaccine provides 83% cover, deletion of the rare (in Australia) types 2, 12 and 25 and the substitution of types 11,15 and 33 would increase cover by 5% to 88%.
ACUTE NONSPECIFIC CARDITIS WITH ADVANCED HEART BLOCK IN MALAYSIANS
Authors: CHIN K. , SINGHAM K. T. , ANUAR M. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract:Acute nonspecific carditis with advanced heart block is rare. We observed nine cases with complete heart block and one with Mobitz type II block over an eight and a half year period. Temporary cardiac pacing was instituted in all while permanent pacing was required in six patients. No death was recorded.
EMPYEMA DUE TO BETA‐LACTAMASE‐PRODUCING H. INFLUENZAE TYPE b COMPLICATING SEVERE LARYNGO‐PHARYNGITIS and CERVICAL CELLULITIS
Authors: ALLEN R. K. A. , FAULKS L. W. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract:A 70‐year‐old woman presented to hospital with an acute life‐threatening cervical cellulitis and laryngopharyngitis followed by pneumonia. Despite a month's treatment with intravenous antibiotics including cephamandole she developed a bacteremic empyema due to a beta‐lactamase producing H. influenzae. Subsequent treatment with chloramphenicol and surgical drainage was curative. The same pathogen was later isolated from her grandson's throat. Chloramphenicol is recommended as the drug of choice in such cases.
TYPE 1 HYPERLIPOPROTEINEMIA PRESENTING AS SUDDEN DEATH IN INFANCY
Authors: POTTER J. M. , HILTON J. M. N. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract:A routine post‐mortem investigating sudden death in an eight week old male infant revealed gross Type I hyperlipoproteinemia (triglyceride concentration 825 mmol/L). Death was attributed to generalized cerebral anoxia. Study of the family revealed the parents were first cousins both of whom had depressed postheparin lipolytic activity, as did five out of seven of the remainder of the family members tested. This family is a notable example of deficiency of extrahepatic lipoprotein lipase.
MORPHOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL CONFIRMATION OF GRAY PLATELET SYNDROME IN TWO SIBLINGS
Authors: BERNDT M. C. , CASTALDI P. A. , GORDON S. , HALLEY H. , McPHERSON V. J. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract:A case report is presented of Gray Platelet syndrome in siblings. The absence of platelet α‐granules in these patients was confirmed by electron microscopy and by analysis of the platelet protein profile using SDS‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. This was further confirmed by quantitation of individual α‐granule protein constituents. The results in these two patients are compared with those of the four reported patients with this syndrome.
SERUM LIPID AND APOLIPOPROTEIN A AND B LEVELS IN FAMILIAL HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA
Authors: CRAIG I. H. , POULIS P. , HILL G. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract:Serum lipid and apolipoprotein A (apo A) and B (apo B) levels were studied in a family with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH), which comprised two heterozygous parents, five heterozygous children, one homozygote and one normal child. Lipid levels were compared with those of age‐ and sex‐matched normal controls.All subjects with FH had total serum cholesterol and low density lipoprotein‐cholesterol (LDL‐C) levels greater than the 90th percentile value for the reference range. High density lipoprotein‐cholesterol (HDL‐C) levels were less than the corresponding 13th percentile in heterozygous subjects. The homozygous child had grossly elevated levels of LDL‐C and apo B, and very low levels of HDL‐C and apo A.The most powerful discriminating variable between normal, heterozygous and homozygous family members was the LDL‐C/HDL‐C ratio.
AMIODARONE THERAPY FOR LIFE THREATENING OR REFRACTORY CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS
Authors: JOHNS J. A. , FEDERMAN J. , HARPER R. W. , ANDERSON S. T. , CURRIE P. J. , PITT A. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract:Amiodarone was used in 40 patients with life‐threatening or refractory tachyarrhythmias. Eighteen patients had recurrent ventricular tachycardia of whom 13 had suffered a cardiac arrest. Control has been excellent or good in 17 of these 18 patients during an average follow‐up period of 10 months. A further 22 patients had supraventricular arrhythmias, including three with Wolff‐Parkinson‐White syndrome and paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. In 20 of these control has been excellent or good. The mean daily maintenance dose of amiodarone was 300 mg for patients with ventricular tachyarrhythmias and 200 mg for those with supraventricular tachyarrhythmias. Side‐effects were common and included corneal microdeposits, skin rash and discolouration, alteration in thyroid function, and symptomatic bradycardia. Serious adverse effects were uncommon however and necessitated discontinuation of the drug in only two patients. Amiodarone did not appear to precipitate or exacerbate cardiac failure in any patient although many had severe left ventricular dysfunction. We conclude that amiodarone is effective in the therapy of life‐threatening or refractory cardiac arrhythmias.
DECLINING MORTALITY RATES FROM ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE IN AUSTRALIA
Authors: LEEDER S. R. , GIBBERD R. W. , DOBSON A. J. , LLOYD D. M. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract:Ischemic heart disease is the major cause of death in Australia. Australian attack and mortality rates from this disease are high compared with most other countries. Over the last thirty years there have been remarkable changes in heart disease death rates which rose from the 1950's until around 1965–7 and then declined by about 40% over the period 1965–7 to 1980–81. Although the pattern of this decline was similar for most age groups and both sexes it varied among subgroups of the population defined by country of birth, geographic region and occupation. For example, Australian‐born men initially had higher death rates than immigrants and they experienced relatively greater declines; Perth and Adelaide (with low initial rates) had similar declines to Sydney and Brisbane (with high rates); professionals (with the lowest rates) had the greatest decline among occupational groups.While the decline in mortality is encouraging the cause is still unclear so control programmes must proceed, to some extent, by guesswork. If the subpopulations with high mortality can achieve rates comparable with subpopulations with low rates further substantial decline in heart disease mortality is possible.
VEGETARIAN DIETS, LIPIDS AND CARDIOVASCULAR RISK
Authors: MASAREI J. R. L. , ROUSE I. L. , LYNCH W. J. , ROBERTSON K. , VANDONGEN R. , BEILIN L. J. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract:Vegetarian diets produce moderate but appreciable changes in serum lipid levels. A six‐weeg intervention study in which other aspects of life‐style were kept constant showed that levels of total cholesterol, LDL‐cholesterol and HDL‐cholesterol fell 0.22, 0.19 and 0.07 mmol/l, respectively, while triglyceride levels increased non‐significantly 0.12 mmol/l. The ratio of total cholesterol to HDL‐cholesterol did not change. A comparison of grous of habitual vegetarians and omnivores matched for other aspects of lifestyle showed rather larger differences in atherogenic lipid levels: 0.71 and 0.67 mmol/l for total— and LDL—cholesterol; the difference in HDL‐C levels was 0.04 mmol/l; triglyceride was 0.19 mmol/l greater in vegetarians. 92% of the variation in intakes of major nutrients was accounted for by three derived factors; changes in levels of most of the lipids were associated in each case with one of the factors. The resultant falls in the levels of total‐and LDL‐cholesterol in people adopting a vegetarian diet probably contribute to a reduction in cardiovascular risk.
DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF ACUTE MYOCARDITIS AIDED BY SERIAL MYOCARDIAL BIOPSY
Authors: FENELEY M. P. , GAVAGHAN T. P. , RALSTON M. , HICKIE J. B. , BARON D. W. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract:Two cases in which right ventricular endomyocardial biopsy established a definitive pathologic diagnosis of acute myocarditis are presented. Both patients presented with severe left ventricular dysfunction, atrial flutter and an intraventricular conduction defect. lmmunofluorescent and immunoperoxidase examination of the biopsy specimens suggested a humoral immune mechanism in one case and a cell‐mediated immune mechanism in the other. Substantial improvement in cardiac function followed treatment with prednisolone and azathioprine in both cases. Significant regression of the myocardial inflammatory changes was documented by a further endomyocardial biopsy in each case following clinical improvement.
FAMILIAL DEFICIENCY OF ANTITHROMBIN 111: EVIDENCE FOR HETEROGENEITY EXISTING WITHIN THE FAMILY
Authors: D'SOUZA S. , EKERT H. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract:An Australian family with familial antithrombin Ill (AT III) deficiency is described. The deficiency inherited in an autosomal co‐dominant manner is characterised by proportionate reduction in antigenically and biologically measured AT III. Some members with AT Ill deficiency have had major venous thromboses, and the deficiency has possibly been the cause of death in two individuals in the family. Heterogeneity was observed in laboratory and clinical findings in this family.
ACUTE EPlGLOTTlTlS IN CHILDHOOD: REPORT OF AN INCREASED INCIDENCE IN VICTORIA
Authors: SLY P. D. , LANDAU L. I. , WAGENER J. S. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract:The incidence of acute epiglottitis treated in Melbourne, Australia at the Royal Children's Hospital (RCH) has increased from an average of 14 cases per year during 1975–79 to 49 cases per year during 1980–81. Less marked increases have occurred for H. influenzae meningitis and bacteremia and H. influenzae(untyped) isolation from respiratory tract cultures. A review of 171 cases of acute epiglottitis showed no significant differences between the 1975–79 and 1980–81 patients with respect to sex, age, seasonal incidence, prodromal length, prodromal symptoms, geographical location, polymorpho‐nuclear cell count, or disease severity. Patients treated in 1980–81 had fewer complications (12% versus 22%, p<0.02), and a shorter hospital stay (3.0 versus3.3 days, p<0.003). The increased incidence of H. influenzaetype b infections may be due to an increased bacterial presence within our community.
THE EFFECT OF DIHYDROERGOTAMINE ON VENOUS DISTENSIBILITY AND BLOOD PRESSURE IN IDIOPATHIC ORTHOSTATIC HYPOTENSION
Authors: BELLAMY G. R. , HUNYOR S. N. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract:We report a case of severe idiopathic orthostatic hypotension (IOH) documented by direct, continuous, ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. Failure of vasoconstriction and more significantly of venoconstriction in response to upright posture was demonstrated, indicating an autonomic nervous system disorder. The venoconstrictive agent dihydroergotamine (DHE) had little effect in preventing a fall in forearm venous tone with head up tilting but caused a recumbent pressor response leading to side effects. These were noted at a time of low plasma DHE levels indicating denervation hypersensitivity. Difficulties may arise in using DHE to treat severe cases of IOH who have denervation hypersensitivity.
EXTRADURAL CHLOROMA WITH SPINAL COMPRESSION—AN UNUSUAL PRESENTATION OF ACUTE MYELOGENOUS LEUKEMIA
Authors: KELLIE S. J. , WATERS K. D. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract:Chloromas are solid tumours resulting from the localised proliferation of myelogenous leukemia cells, and are frequently responsible for the initial manifestations of acute myelocytic leukemia. We report a patient with a thoracic extradural chloroma whose presentation with acute paraplegia led to the diagnosis of an unsuspected myelocytic leukemia. Early recognition of the etiology of the paraplegia and the underlying systemic involvement with leukemia resulted in an excellent neurological and hematological outcome. The previously described association of the 8:21 chromosomal translocation with a good prognosis is noted in our patient.
LUNG FUNCTION IN DIFFUSE INTERSTITIAL LUNG DISEASE OF UNKNOWN CAUSE
Authors: FINUCANE K. E. , PRICHARD M. G. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract:To examine the role of lung function tests in diagnosis and management of patients with diffuse interstitial lung disease (DILD) we measured total lung capacity (TLC), gas transfer (Tl), lung distensibility and arterial saturation (SaO2) and ventilation during progressive exercise in 24 patients with DILD including 18 with biopsy confirmation. Tl was decreased in all patients, in 21/24 there was progressive hypoxia with exercise, in 12/24 TLC was > 80% predicted and in 6/18 lung distensibility was normal. Tl and the change of SaO2 with work output during exercise were highly correlated (r= ‐ 0.65, p< 0.001). In serial studies, the change of SaO2 with work output altered most with clinical improvement or deterioration. The clinical course and response to treatment was not related to a particular pattern of abnormal function.These results and those of previous studies indicate that in DILD the most sensitive index of abnormal parenchymal function is Tl, that lung volumes and distensibility may be normal so that the term “restrictive lung disease” can be misleading, that the fall of SaO2 with work output and TI are the most sensitive parameters for assessing severity and following the course of the disease and that lung function alone does not predict outcome.