bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The prognosis for patients with chronic myeloid leukemia who have clonal cytogenetic abnormalities in philadelphia chromosome‐negative cells
Authors: Deininger Michael W. N. , Cortes Jorge , Paquette Ron , Park Byung , Hochhaus Andreas , Baccarani Michele , Stone Richard , Fischer Thomas , Kantarjian Hagop , Niederwieser Dietger , Gambacorti‐Passerini Carlo , So Charlene , Gathmann Insa , Goldman John M. , Smith Douglas , Druker Brian J. , Guilhot François 
Published: August 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND.Clonal cytogenetic abnormalities (CCA) were detected in Philadelphia chromosome (Ph)‐negative cells in some patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) who attained a cytogenetic response to imatinib mesylate. In some patients, CCA/Ph‐negative status was associated with myelodysplasia or acute myeloid leukemia. The objective of the current study was to determine the prognostic impact of CCA/Ph‐negative cells.METHODS.The authors compared the pretherapeutic risk factors (Kruskall‐Wallis test), exposure to cytotoxic drugs (chi‐square test), and overall and progression‐free survival (Kaplan‐Meyer and logistic regression analysis, respectively) of 515 patients with mostly chronic‐phase CML who were treated with imatinib mesylate after failure of interferon‐α according to whether they attained a major cytogenetic response (MCR) (n = 324 patients), an MCR with CCA/Ph‐negative status (n = 30 patients), or no MCR (n = 161 patients).RESULTS.CCA/Ph‐negative status most frequently involved chromosomes Y, 8, and 7. No significant differences in pretherapeutic risk factors were detected between patients who attained an MCR with and without CCA/Ph‐negative cells, except that exposure to alkylating agents was more frequent in patients with CCA/Ph‐negative cells, and overall and progression‐free survival were identical. With a median follow‐up of 51 months, only 2 patients developed myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS).CONCLUSIONS.The overall prognosis for patients who had CML with CCA/Ph‐negative status was good and was driven by the CML response to imatinib mesylate. Isolated CCA/Ph‐negative cells in the absence of morphologic evidence of MDS do not justify a change in therapy. Cancer 2007. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
A Novel Approach to Silicon‐Nanowire‐Assisted Growth of High‐Purity, Single‐Crystalline β‐Si3N4 Nanowires
Authors: Niu J.‐J. , Wang J.‐N. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractBundles of single‐crystalline β‐Si3N4 nanowires with high purity are successfully synthesized using a simple CVD process with silicon nanowire(SiNW)‐assisted growth. The β‐Si3N4 NWs obtained have a small diameter of ∼30 nm, a single‐crystalline structure with [100] or [101] direction, and a thin oxide shell. The photoluminescence and Raman scattering spectra confirm the good crystalline structure. The weak blue‐shift of the peaks in Raman scattering compared to bulk β‐Si3N4 is attributed to the phonon confinement effect or laser heating during the measurements. Finally, a possible SiNWs template‐assisted growth model is suggested.
Leitlinien für die sichere Planung und Ausführung von erddruckbelastetem Mauerwerk
Authors: Graubner Carl‐Alexander , Rast Ronald , Spengler Markus 
Published: August 2007

AbstractMauerwerk im Kellergeschoss ist eine anerkannte Bauweise und unter Beachtung einiger weniger Grundsätze problemlos ohne Schäden herstellbar. In letzter Zeit sind allerdings einige Veröffentlichungen erschienen, die die Verwendung von Mauerwerk bei erddruckbelasteten Kelleraußenwänden diskutieren.In diesem Zusammenhang wird die Frage aufgeworfen, ob der im Mauerwerksbau allgemein übliche Ansatz des aktiven Erddrucks zur Bemessung der Kellerwände ausreichend ist und die Erstellung eines stand‐ und gebrauchssicheren Kellergeschosses gewährleistet.Einerseits wurde in den vergangenen Jahren die Tendenz beobachtet, dass sich die Bauzeiten weiter verkürzen und zunehmend gestalterische Vorgaben (z. B. immer größer werdende Terrassenflächen) erhöhte Anforderungen an die Verdichtung der Arbeitsraumverfüllung stellen. Ungenügend ausgebildete Arbeitskräfte auf den Baustellen tragen außerdem dazu bei, dass die Ausführungsqualität je nach Bauunternehmung stark schwankt.Andererseits bieten gerade Kellerwände aus Mauerwerk aufgrund ihrer sehr guten bauphysikalischen Eigenschaften enorme Vorteile, welche eine moderne Nutzung des Kellers als Hobbyraum, Büro oder Schlafzimmer begünstigen.Aus diesem Grund hat die Deutsche Gesellschaft für Mauerwerksbau (DGfM) ein Forschungsvorhaben in Auftrag gegeben, welches die aufgeworfene Thematik analy‐siert und daraus die Randbedingungen für ein sicheres Erstellen von Kellermauerwerk ableitet.
Reliability of high‐throughput genotyping of whole genome amplified DNA in SNP genotyping studies
Authors: Berthier‐Schaad Yvette , Kao Wen Hong Linda , Coresh Josef , Zhang Lin , Ingersoll Roxann G. , Stephens Robert , Smith Michael W. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractWhole genome amplification (wga) of DNA is being widely implemented in many laboratories to extend the life of samples only available in limited quantities for genetic analysis. We determined the reliability of wgaDNA genotypes in three sets of replicates from the same individuals: (i) 23 pairs of genomic DNA (gDNA), (ii) 43 pairs gDNA versus wgaDNA, and (iii) 29 pairs of independently amplified wgaDNA. Amplification was performed using multiple displacement amplification (MDA). Genotyping was successful for both DNA types for 1268 out of 1534 SNPs from 164 cardiovascular candidate genes assayed in a single Illumina panel. Amplified DNA failed for 77 SNPs (6%) that were genotyped successfully with genomic material. Percent of successful SNP calls, and concordance between pairs and kappa statistics (κ) were determined. A total of 54 110 genotypes from gDNA–wgaDNA pairs were available for concordance analysis. Mean κ for gDNA–wgaDNA pairs was 0.99. Concordance between gDNA–wgaDNA pairs was higher than amongst wgaDNA pairs (mean κ for the 29 independently amplified pairs of wgaDNA was 0.95; interquartile range: 0.93–1.00). A statistical analysis of those SNPs which failed to genotype from amplified DNA only revealed that those loci were more likely to be closer to the telomeres and in locally GC‐rich sequences. In summary, the MDA method produces wgaDNA samples that can be genotyped using high‐throughput technology with a very high reproducibility to the original DNA but with slightly lower call rates. DNA amplification methodologies provide a useful solution for current and future large‐scale genetic analyses especially with limited quantities of samples and DNA.
Identification and relative quantification of adenosine to inosine editing in serotonin 2c receptor mRNA by CE
Authors: Poyau Alain , Vincent Laurent , Berthommé Hervé , Paul Catherine , Nicolas Brigitte , Pujol Jean‐François , Madjar Jean‐Jacques 
Published: August 2007

AbstractA new method has been developed allowing the identification and relative quantification of different forms of mRNA after RNA editing. This method was applied to the serotonin 2c receptor mRNA that potentially exhibits 32 different forms after adenosine to inosine editing at five different sites located in a row of 13 nucleotides. CE was used to characterize fluorescently labeled ssDNA molecules on the basis of their conformational polymorphism. The relative amount of these 32 mRNA forms has been estimated by measuring the fluorescence intensity of each individual DNA strand. Accuracy of quantification was established by diluting one form into another or into a mixture of cDNA, showing linear and precise proportion of each form (0.06 <SD <0.39%). In mouse brain tissue samples, up to 23 different mRNA forms were characterized and quantified, even for forms representing less than 1% of the mixture.
Native PAGE eliminates the problem of PEG–SDS interaction in SDS‐PAGE and provides an alternative to HPLC in characterization of protein PEGylation
Authors: Zheng Chunyang Y. , Ma Guanghui , Su Zhiguo 
Published: August 2007

AbstractPEGylation of proteins has become an increasingly important technology in recent years. However, determination and characterization of the PEGylation products are problematic especially for the reaction mixture containing various modified proteins, unreacted PEG, and unmodified protein. A comparative study was carried out with two HPLC methods and two electrophoresis methods for characterization of the reaction mixture in PEGylation of HSA with PEG 5000, 10000, and 20000. RP‐HPLC fails to give the correct information about the reaction of PEG 20000. Size‐exclusion HPLC (SE‐HPLC) produced very poor resolution on the PEG 5000 reaction. SDS‐PAGE can run multiple samples of all PEGylation but the bands were smeared or broadened probably due to the interaction between PEG and SDS. On the other hand, native PAGE eliminates the problem of PEG–SDS interaction and provides better resolutions for all samples. Various PEGylated products and unmodified protein migrate differentially in native PAGE under nondenatured conditions. The results demonstrated that native PAGE could be a good alternative to HPLC and SDS‐PAGE for the analysis of PEG–protein conjugates especially for characterization of the PEGylation mixture.
The resistance of metallothionein to proteolytic digestion: An LC‐MS/MS analysis
Authors: Wang Rongying , Sens Donald A. , Garrett Scott , Somji Seema , Sens Mary Ann , Lu Xiaoning 
Published: August 2007

AbstractMetallothioneins (MTs) are a family of cysteine‐rich metalloproteins which strongly bind to heavy metals, such as Cd(II), Zn(II), and Cu(I). Previous works by other group using gel electrophoresis and fluorescence showed MTs were resistant to proteolytic digestion by a variety of enzymes, raising the difficulties in proteomic identification of MTs. The present work was attempted to analyze the resistance of MTs to trypsin using LC with MS/MS (LC‐MS/MS), which was able to determine the sequences of the produced peptides and thus precisely characterize the cleavages. The results showed that metal‐saturated MTs were completely resistant to trypsin. This resistance problem could be overcome by the addition of EDTA to MT samples, which rendered MTs readily digested into peptides and identified by MS/MS. Interestingly, the partially metal binding MTs were digested into peptides predominantly with miss cleavages which were well dependent on the amount of heavy metals bound to MTs. An explanation for these observations was proposed. The potential applications of the MT's resistance to trypsin in isolation and identification of MTs in complex mixtures such as cultured cells was demonstrated. The preliminary data also showed the same proteomic approach of proteolytic digestion followed by MS/MS analysis may provide information on metal binding status of MTs, along with the identification of MTs in a mixture.
Benchmark tipping and the role of the swap market in price discovery
Authors: Poskitt Russell 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe author uses a high‐frequency data set to investigate the roles of the sterling swap and futures markets in price discovery at the short‐end of the sterling yield curve. Information flows between the futures and swap markets are found to be largely contemporaneous. Causal information flows are bidirectional, although the futures market dominates the information flow over the very short term. Thus, the futures market remains the primary locus of price discovery despite the increased use of swaps as a pricing benchmark and hedging instrument in recent years. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 27:981–1001, 2007
Depression or apathy and functional recovery after stroke
Authors: Hama Seiji , Yamashita Hidehisa , Shigenobu Masaya , Watanabe Atsuko , Hiramoto Keiko , Kurisu Kaoru , Yamawaki Shigeto , Kitaoka Tamotsu 
Published: August 2007

AbstractObjectivesWhile depression and apathy are common after stroke, past studies have done little to examine the influence of these two symptoms on functional outcome respectively. This study was designed to examine the effect of depression or apathy on functional recovery after stroke in 237 Japanese stroke patients.MethodsWe assessed the psychological status using self‐rating scales [the Zung Self‐Rating Depression Scale (SDS) for depression and the Apathy Scale (AS) for apathy] and an observer‐rating scale [the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI)]. We assessed physical disability using the Functional Independence Measurement (FIM). Post‐hoc test and multiple regression analysis were used to determine the independent effects of post‐stroke depression and apathy on functional outcome.ResultsDepression was observed in 75 (31.6%) using SDS and 88 (40.2%) using NPI, and apathy in 95 (40.1%) using AS and 42 (19.2%) using NPI, respectively. Post‐hoc test and multiple regression analysis indicated that the cognitive variable (Mini‐Mental State Examination: MMSE score) and AS score, but not SDS score, correlated negatively with improvement in FIM.ConclusionsApathy might be more frequently associated with functional abilities and likely interact with the recovery process as compared with depression after stroke. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Does reporting heterogeneity bias the measurement of health disparities?
Authors: Bago d'Uva Teresa , Van Doorslaer Eddy , Lindeboom Maarten , O'Donnell Owen 
Published: August 2007

AbstractHeterogeneity in reporting of health by socio‐economic and demographic characteristics potentially biases the measurement of health disparities. We use anchoring vignettes to identify socio‐demographic differences in the reporting of health in Indonesia, India and China. Homogeneous reporting by socio‐demographic group is rejected and correcting for reporting heterogeneity tends to reduce slightly estimated disparities in health by education (not China) and to increase those by income. But the method does not reveal substantial reporting bias in measures of health disparities. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Margin failures in crown‐like brittle structures: Off‐axis loading
Authors: Ford Chris , Qasim Tarek , Bush Mark B , Hu Xiaozhi , Shah Mahek M , Saxena Vibhu P , Lawn Brian R. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe effect of off‐axis loading of compliant indenters on the initiation of cracks at the margins of dental crown‐like dome structures consisting of glass shells back‐filled with an epoxy resin is examined. As in previous studies on similar structures but with strictly axial loading, cracks can be made to initiate and propagate from the margins around the dome faces into a “semi‐lunar” fracture pattern characteristic of some all‐ceramic crown failures. In this study, balsa wood and teflon disk indenters are used to provide the off‐axis loading, at 45° to the dome axis. The soft indenters, considered representative of food bolus, spread the contact at the top surface, suppressing otherwise dominant radial cracks that ordinarily initiate at the dome undersurface directly along the load axis beneath harder indenters. Finite element modeling is used to show that off‐axis loading dramatically increases the tensile stresses at the near‐side dome margin, strongly diminishing the loads required to generate the lunar fracture mode. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2008
Titanium particles that have undergone phagocytosis by macrophages lose the ability to activate other macrophages
Authors: Xing Zhiqing , Schwab Luciana P. , Alley Carie F. , Hasty Karen A. , Smith Richard A. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractTitanium particles derived from the wear of the orthopaedic implant surfaces can activate macrophages to secrete cytokines and stimulate osteoclastic bone resorption, causing osteolysis around orthopaedic implants. However, what happens to the titanium particles after being phagocytosed by macrophages is not known. We prepared titanium particles (as received, clean, and LPS‐coated), and exposed them to macrophages in culture. Free particles were washed away after 24 h and the intracellular particles were kept in culture for additional 48 h until being harvested by lysing the cells. Particles that had been cell treated or noncell treated were examined by scanning electronic microscopy to analyze the shape, size, and concentration of the particles. The cell treated and noncell treated particles were exposed to macrophages in culture with a particle to cell ratio of 300:1. After 18 h, the levels of TNF‐α in culture medium and the viability of the cells were examined. Clean particles did not stimulate TNF‐α secretion by macrophages, while LPS‐coated particles dramatically increased that response. Phagocytosis by macrophages did not change the shape and size of the particles, but depleted the ability of the particles to stimulate TNF‐α secretion by macrophages. This indicates that macrophages are capable of rendering titanium particles inactive without degrading the particles, possibly by altering the surface chemistry of the particles. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2008
Effect of substrate temperature on mechanical properties of calcium phosphate coatings
Authors: Blalock Travis L , Bai Xiao , Narayan Roger , Rabiei Afsaneh 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe effect of substrate temperature and processing parameters on mechanical properties of nanoscale calcium phosphate coatings are being studied in order to refine the processing technique for Functionally Graded Hydroxyapatite (FGHA) coatings. Coatings were deposited on titanium substrates with a set substrate temperature of 450, 550, 650, or 750°C in an Ion Beam Assisted Deposition (IBAD) system using a sintered hydroxyapatite (HA) target. Mechanical properties of the coatings deposited with a set substrate temperature such as, bonding/adhesion strength to the substrate, nanohardness, and Young's Modulus as well as coating thickness were evaluated and compared with commercial plasma spray HA coatings. It is concluded that depositing FGHA coatings would better be started at 550–650°C to maintain superior properties of the film at the interface. It can also be concluded that the residual stresses caused by different Coefficient of Thermal Expansions (CTEs) between the substrate and coatings are not the only factor controlling the bonding strength and mechanical properties of these samples. Other parameters such as the nature of the interface layers and their bonding to each other as well as the density and grain structure of the coatings must be taken into consideration for an appropriate evaluation of mechanical properties of calcium phosphate coatings deposited on heated substrate. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2008
Role of sonography in the diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy
Authors: Gurel Safiye , Sarikaya Basar , Gurel Kamil , Akata Deniz 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThis review addresses the use of sonography in the evaluation of patients suspected of having ectopic pregnancy. The use of transvaginal and transabdominal sonography and the role of Doppler imaging in the early diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy are discussed. Various sonographic findings and pitfalls of ectopic pregnancy are analyzed, with emphasis on their diagnostic efficacies. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2007
Correction and downscaling of NWP wind speed forecasts
Authors: Howard Tom , Clark Peter 
Published: August 2007

AbstractNWP models typically parametrize the effects of unresolved orography, often through use of an effective (orographic) roughness. Whilst this parametrization realistically models the orographic drag on the synoptic‐scale flow, it creates two problems for the assimilation of wind observations from high ground. First, the artificially increased surface stress causes a reduction in the predicted wind speed at the standard wind observing height of 10 m, and second, the speed‐up over the unresolved summits is not modelled.A method is described for reconciling observed and modelled wind speeds. The method is based on the linear theory of neutral boundary‐layer flow over hills and includes a resolution of both the problems described above. The method is applied to both the assimilation of observations and the creation of an improved 10 m wind analysis. The method has been on trial in the Met Office's nowcasting system; significant improvements are demonstrated, particularly during strong wind events.The simplified model presented here is not claimed to represent the full complexities of the boundary layer, but nevertheless produces computationally cheap, low‐level wind forecasts, which are a significant improvement on the existing output from the Unified Model. © Crown Copyright 2007. Reproduced with the permission of the Controller of HMSO. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
A first theoretical comparison between current and future indoor thermal comfort conditions, in Greece, as a result of the greenhouse effect
Authors: Nikolakis D. J. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractIn the present study, current and future indoor thermal comfort conditions in Greece are estimated from the monthly mean temperature values of 108 climatological stations. The data concern the period 1961–1990. Data from January have been taken to represent the cold season, while those from July represent the warm season. The estimation of the current comfort of indoor climates was assessed by considering lightly clothed sedentary people. For future climate conditions, the estimation was made by considering a possible temperature increase of about 2 °C, according to the general circulation models' prediction for Greece.The calculations showed that in the cold and the warm seasons, in both current and future conditions, it is recommended that the thermostat should be set at the calculated local comfort temperatures instead of the generally accepted positions of 22 and 25 °C for summer and winter respectively with considerable energy saving. However, due to the possible temperature increase even larger amounts of energy will be required for air‐conditioning in some parts of Greece during the warm season. Copyright © 2007 Royal Meteorological Society
Performance targets and the Brier score
Authors: Roulston Mark S. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe Brier score and Brier skill score are commonly used measures for evaluating probability forecasts. An oft‐cited desirable property of these measures is that they are strictly proper, meaning that forecasters wishing to optimise the expected value of these measures should report their true beliefs and not ‘hedge’ the forecast by reporting probabilities that differ from their true beliefs. In this article, it is argued that the propriety of the Brier score only discourages hedging if the utility of the forecaster is a linear function of the score. In particular, it is demonstrated, that if known performance targets based on the score are imposed on the forecaster then this negates the propriety of the score. Forecasters wishing to maximise the probability of achieving the target value of the Brier score or Brier skill score should hedge their forecasts rather than report their true beliefs. In contrast, performance targets drawn from a uniform distribution which are unknown to the forecaster during the evaluation period will induce the utility function of the forecaster to be a linear function of the Brier score. This preserves the propriety of the scoring rule. © Crown Copyright 2007. Reproduced with the permission of the Controller of HMSO. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd