bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The oral health and treatment needs of community‐dwelling older people in a rural town in Western Australia
Authors: Kruger Estie , Tennant Marc , Smith Kirrilee , Peachey Jacinta 
Published: February 2007

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess, in a sample of older rural community‐dwelling Australians, their: oral health status, dental treatment needs, perceived barriers to access dental services and the prevalence and severity of dental anxiety. Methods: A cross‐sectional study of elderly rural Australians. Results: Eighty participants (mean age of 71.7 years) had a mean number of 0.69 (SD 1.6) decayed teeth, 15.72 (SD 13.3) missing teeth and 3.9 (SD 5.4) filled teeth. Forty‐one per cent were edentulous. Xerostomia was reported by 53% of the edentulous and 43% of the dentate. The average Corah Dental Anxiety Scale score was 8.72 (SD 3.8). Prevalence of dental anxiety was 15.6%. Two‐thirds needed dental treatment. Conclusions: Caries experience was lower than that reported in other studies. Reported barriers to use of dental services were long waiting times, lack of perceived dental need and costs.
Influence of age on exophthalmos and thyrotrophin receptor antibodies in 123 untreated patients with Graves’ disease and 560 normal control subjects
Authors: Takasu Nobuyuki , Nakamatsu Takashi , Nakachi Ken 
Published: February 2007

Objective: The influence of age on exophthalmos and thyrotrophin receptor antibodies (TRAb) was studied in untreated patients with Graves’ disease (GD). Exophthalmos measurement is useful for GD diagnosis in elderly Japanese patients. Subjects and methods: Protrusions of the eyes (exophthalmic values: EV) and TRAb were studied in 123 untreated patients with GD and 560 controls. Patients with GD and controls were divided into seven age groups. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was done to evaluate the clinical usefulness of EV for GD diagnosis. Findings: The differences of EV between patients with GD and controls were significant in those aged 60 years and over (≥ 60 years). ROC analysis showed that the sensitivity and specificity of EV were high in elderly groups (≥ 60 years), but not in the others (< 60 years). Conclusion: Exophthalmic values have clinical usefulness for GD diagnosis in elderly Japanese. An EV has a diagnostic value for GD in elderly patients (≥ 60 years).
A survey of H2 gene sequences, including new wild‐derived genes
Authors: Mitchison N. A. , Mayer W. 
Published: February 2007

SummaryA comprehensive collection of mouse major histocompatibility complex (MHC) promoter and exon 2 sequences is here presented and analysed. It covers the three best known class II genes and one class I gene, and includes new wild mouse sequences from the ‘w’ back‐cross strains and from the Jackson collection. All sequences are in GenBank, and the new exon sequences largely confirm previous typing by serology and immune function. As in human leucocyte antigen (HLA), the overall nucleotide diversity is higher in the class II genes, in keeping with their more diverse function. Diversity along the promoters is highest in the region of known transcription factor binding, most notably in and around the CRE and rCAAT sequences. This distribution parallels that of maximum single nucleotide polymorphism impact previously obtained with reporter constructs. Taking into account the low nucleotide diversity of the CIITA promoter, we conclude that MHC promoters are likely to have diversified through co‐evolution with their exons, while themselves also directly subject to natural selection. The H2Ebp alleles form a distinct group, associated with their lack of the recombination hot spot located between exon 2 and exon 3. The collection is expected to prove useful in guiding functional and evolutionary studies.
Attachment Theory and Reactive Attachment Disorder: Theoretical Perspectives and Treatment Implications
Authors: Hardy Lyons T. 
Published: February 2007

TOPIC:  Attachment theory and reactive attachment disorder (RAD). PURPOSE:  To highlight current perspectives on attachment theory, RAD, and treatment implications using a case study of an 8‐year‐old patient with RAD. SOURCES:  Selected multidisciplinary literature related to attachment theory and RAD. CONCLUSIONS:  The literature provides a body of work that substantiates the importance of early attachment relationships to human development and highlights gaps in our knowledge related to treatment of children with RAD. The quality of early attachment relationships is correlated with future personality and brain development. Attachment disturbances are associated with psychopathology in childhood and adulthood. Although evidence for the effective treatment of children with attachment disorders is minimal and inconclusive, the two major perspectives, developmental psychology and neuropsychoanalysis, offer guidelines for practice.
BMP4, SCF, and hypoxia cooperatively regulate the expansion of murine stress erythroid progenitors
Authors: Perry John M. , Harandi Omid F. , Paulson Robert F. 
Published: February 2007

Abstract
The erythroid response to acute anemia relies on the rapid expansion in the spleen of a specialized population of erythroid progenitors termed stress BFU-E. This expansion requires BMP4/Madh5-dependent signaling in vivo; however, in vitro, BMP4 alone cannot recapitulate the expansion of stress BFU-E observed in vivo, which suggests that other signals are required. In this report we show that mutation of the Kit receptor results in a severe defect in the expansion of stress BFU-E, indicating a role for the Kit/SCF signaling pathway in stress erythropoiesis. In vitro analysis showed that BMP4 and SCF are necessary for the expansion of stress BFU-E, but only when spleen cells were cultured in BMP4 + SCF at low-oxygen concentrations did we recapitulate the expansion of stress BFU-E observed in vivo. Culturing spleen cells in BMP4, SCF under hypoxic conditions resulted in the preferential expansion of erythroid progenitors characterized by the expression of Kit, CD71, and TER119. This expression pattern is also seen in stress erythroid progenitors isolated from patients with sickle cell anemia and patients with β-thalassemia. Taken together these data demonstrate that SCF and hypoxia synergize with BMP4 to promote the expansion and differentiation of stress BFU-E during the recovery from acute anemia.
Human Adipose Tissue Cannabinoid Receptor 1 Gene Expression Is Not Related to Fat Cell Function or Adiponectin Level
Authors: Löfgren Patrik , Sjölin Eva , Wåhlen Kerstin , Hoffstedt Johan 
Published: February 2007

Abstract
Context: The cannabinoid receptor 1 gene (CNR1) is implicated in adipocyte function.
Objective: We investigated human adipose tissue CNR1 mRNA in relation to obesity, clinical and metabolic variables, adipocyte function, and adiponectin (ADIPOQ) levels.
Methods: We assessed sc fat biopsies from 96 obese and nonobese subjects and omental fat biopsies from 82 obese and nonobese subjects.
Results: The sc and omental adipose CNR1 gene expression were similar in obese and nonobese subjects. No association between either sc or omental adipose CNR1 mRNA levels and body mass index, waist circumference, plasma levels of glucose and insulin, lipids, or blood pressure was found. The sc and omental maximal adrenergic lipolytic activation as well as lipolytic adrenoceptor sensitivity were not related to CNR1 gene expression. Lipogenesis in sc adipocytes also showed no association with CNR1 mRNA levels. Finally, no relation was found between adipose CNR1 gene expression and ADIPOQ mRNA, adipose tissue adiponectin secretion, or circulating adiponectin.
Conclusion: We found no association of human adipose tissue CNR1 mRNA expression with measures of body fat, metabolic parameters, fat cell function, or ADIPOQ expression. These data do not suggest a major role of human adipose CNR1 in fat cell function or metabolic disease development.
Distinct Roles of Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 1 and 2 in Regulating Cell Survival and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition
Authors: Xian Wa , Schwertfeger Kathryn L. , Rosen Jeffrey M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTwo related receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 and 2 (FGFR1 and FGFR2), exert distinct effects during carcinogenesis. To examine FGFR1 and FGFR2 signaling in polarized epithelia, we have developed an in vitro three-dimensional HC11 mouse mammary epithelial cell culture model combined with a chemically inducible FGFR (iFGFR) dimerization system. Although activation of both RTKs led to reinitiation of cell proliferation and loss of cell polarity, only iFGFR1 activation induced cell survival and epithelial to mesenchymal transition. In contrast, iFGFR2 activation induced cell apoptosis even in the cells in direct contact with the extracellular matrix. Activation of iFGFR2, but not iFGFR1, led to rapid receptor down-regulation and transient activation of downstream signaling, which were partially rescued by Cbl small interfering RNA knockdown or the proteasome inhibitor lactacystin. Importantly, inhibition of proteasome activity in iFGFR2-activated structures led to epithelial to mesenchymal transition and invasive phenotypes resembling those observed after iFGFR1 activation. These studies demonstrate, for the first time, that the duration of downstream signaling determines the distinct phenotypes mediated by very homologous RTKs in three-dimensional cultures.
Effects of St. John's Wort Supplementation on Ibuprofen Pharmacokinetics
Authors: Bell Edward C , Ravis William R , Lloyd Kimberly Braxton , Stokes Thomas J 
Published: February 2007

Background:St. John's wort is a popular herbal supplement that has been involved in various herb–drug interactions. Experimental findings suggest that the supplement may impact CYP2C9 metabolism. CYP2C9 is responsible for the irreversible metabolism of ibuprofen,Objective:To examine the effect of 3 weeks of St. John's wort administration on the stereoselective pharmacokinetics of ibuprofen.Methods:Eight male subjects participated in this study. The single-dose pharmacokinetics of ibuprofen were evaluated before and after 21 days of St. John's wort administration. Plasma ibuprofen concentrations were determined, using a stereoselective, reversed-phase HPLC assay. Model independent methods were used to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of each ibuprofen enantiomer. Data were analyzed by 2 way ANOVA testing and confidence interval testing.Results:S(+)-ibuprofen mean ± SD AUC and maximum concentration (Cmax) values were 131.6 ± 26.8 μg•h/mL and 31.8 ± 7.33 μg/mL, respectively, for control samples and 122.4 ± 32.9 μg•h/mL and 33.6 ± 7.83 μg/mL, respectively, after St. John's wort treatment. R(–)-ibuprofen mean AUC and Cmaxvalues were 85.1 ± 26.6 μg•h/mL and 28.4 ± 8.72 μg/mL, respectively, for control samples and 87.7 ± 30.1 μg•h/mL and 30.0 ± 8.97 μg/mL, respectively, for St. John's wort treatment samples. St. John's wort administration resulted in no significant effects on the Cmaxand AUC of either stereoisomer. A 31% decrease in S(+)-ibuprofen mean residence time (p = 0.02) was observed.Conclusions:St. John's wort administration for 21 days had no apparent clinically important impact on the single-dose pharmacokinetic parameters of S(+)- and R(–)-ibuprofen. Although St. John's wort treatment appears to significantly reduce the mean residence time of S-ibuprofen, no ibuprofen dose adjustments appear warranted when the drug is administered orally with St. John's wort, due to the lack of significant change observed in ibuprofen AUC and Cmaxfor either enantiomer.
Particle properties of hydrothermal ammonium-bearing illite-smectite
Authors: Šucha Vladimír , Uhlík Peter , Madejová Jana , Petit Sabine , Kraus Ivan , Puškelová L’ubica 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMixed-layer illite-smectite with high degree of ordering (rectorite-like clay) and with three types of interlayer cations — K+, Na+ and NH4+, was determined in the high-sulfide epithermal mineralization of the Western Carpathian Mountains. The tobelitic portion of the clay comprises 5–10%. Ammonium was detected both by chemical analysis and by Fourier transform infrared analysis. Some of the ammonium can be assigned to a poorly bound form, not fully fixed in the illitic interlayer. The finest size fraction separated from the samples behaves differently from the rest of the sample. It contains two layers of water molecules in the expandable interlayers as determined by X-ray diffraction, whereas coarser fractions have only one water layer in the interlayers.
Demographic models of birth outcomes and infant mortality: An alternative measurement approach
Authors: Solís Patricio , G. Pullum Starling , Frisbie W. Parker 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMost demographic studies use 2,500 grams of birth weight and 37 weeks of gestation as cutpoints for evaluating the effects of adverse birth outcomes on infant mortality. We propose an alternative strategy, which relies on continuous measures of birth outcomes, identifies an optimal combination of birth weight and gestational age for infant survival, and estimates the effects of adverse birth outcomes in terms of their departure from this “optimal point.” We illustrate the advantages of this approach by estimating a logistic model using data from the 1989–1991 NCHS linked birth/infant death files. Finally, we discuss future applications and methodological issues to be resolved in subsequent research.
A step in another direction: Looking for maternal genetic and environmental effects on racial differences in birth weight
Authors: Van Den Oord Edwin J.C.G. , Rowe David C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTo advance research on birth weight differences between black and white infants, it may be useful to study maternal effects. These effects present a set of risk factors that are largely unrelated to those that are presently under investigation and fail to explain the gap in birth weight; empirical findings suggest their involvement. Although maternal effects can be environmental, as illustrated by recent findings, genetic effects could be important as well because gene frequencies are known to differ across the “racial” groups as studied by birth weight researchers, and maternal genes can exert a causal effect on birth weight.
Child care subsidies and the employment of welfare recipients
Authors: Meyers Marcia K. , Heintze Theresa , Wolf Douglas A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractChanging patterns of maternal employment, coupled with stronger work requirements for welfare recipients, are increasing the demand for child care. For many families, the cost of child care creates a financial burden; for mothers with low incomes and those who are former welfare recipients, these costs may be an insurmountable barrier to employment or economic self-sufficiency. Despite increased public spending in this area, the receipt of any child care subsidy appears to be a relatively rare and uncertain event. In this study, we use data from a sample of low-income single mothers (current and recent welfare recipients in California) to estimate the probability of their receiving child care subsidies and the effect of this probability on labor market activity.
Good things come in threes: Single-parent multigenerational family structure and adolescent adjustment
Authors: Deleire Thomas , Kalil Ariel 
Published: February 2007

Abstract
Using data from the National Educational Longitudinal Study (NELS), we found that teenagers who live in nonmarried families are less likely to graduate from high school or to attend college, more likely to smoke or drink, and more likely to initiate sexual activity. Not all nonmarried families are alike, however. In particular, teenagers living with their single mothers and with at least one grandparent in multigenerational households have developmental outcomes that are at least as good and often better than the outcomes of teenagers in married families. These findings obtain when a wide array of economic resources, parenting behavior, and home and school characteristics are controlled for.
American Catholicism, Catholic Charities U.S.A., and Welfare Reform
Authors: Coleman John A. , S.J.  
Published: February 2007

In this article I want to give at least a thumbnail sense of the background assumptions, policy contours, and vehicles for American Catholicism in engaging in public policy discussions. To do so, I will eventually concentrate on one major recent public policy discussion in the United States: the debates on welfare reform that led up to, and continue vigorously even after, the passage of the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996. I do so because American Catholic institutions, including the United States Catholic Conference and Catholic Charities U.S.A., played a crucial and continuous role in these debates about welfare reform. Indeed, New York's Senator Daniel P. Moynihan, a vigorous opponent of the proposed welfare reform bill, in excoriating his fellow liberals for signing on to the bill, could lift up the example of the Catholic bishops' lobbying and exclaim: “The bishops admittedly have an easier time with matters of this sort. When principles are at stake, they simply look them up. Too many liberals, alas, make them up!” This particular debate (which is not, by any means, over) also helps to show some of the unique assumptions behind proposals found in Catholic interventions in the policy sector. In what follows, I will develop, briefly, four sections or subthemes to the paper:1. Catholilc Social Thought: Five Background Assumptions for Policy: Human Dignity; The Common Good; Solidarity; Subsidiarity; Justice2. The Move from Background Assumptions to Policy3. Catholic Policy Proposals: Their Style and Instrumentalities4. Catholicism and Welfare Policy
The Devil, Women, and the Body in Seventeenth-Century Puebla Convents
Authors: López Rosalva Loreto 
Published: February 2007

The mystical and supernatural experiences that many nuns faced in seventeenth-century convents in Puebla shaped New Spain's spirituality. These experiences and the way they were recounted provided the elements for an archetype of conduct and for socially accepted virtues. Using their imagination, these nuns, servants of God, enlightened and morally exemplary, maintained a direct relationship between the convent, the supernatural world, and colonial society.Anthropological studies of popular religion have emphasized, almost exclusively, the collective and public aspects of religious expression but have ignored private, individual piety. Yet collective and private religious expressions have been linked throughout history. When individual manifestations of religious expression were socially endorsed, these private forms of piety influenced the creation of identity and models of behavior. Because these archetypes of religious conduct were so important within colonial culture as a whole, it is important to gain an understanding of the events that led to their formation and the way in which they travelled from the culture of the convent to that of the larger society.
Mira lo que hace el diablo: The Devil in Mexican Popular Culture, 1750-1856
Authors: Lipsett-Rivera Sonya 
Published: February 2007

As she lay bleeding to death from an accidental knife wound, María Josefa Vargas said to her husband: “Look what the Devil has done (Mira lo que hace el diablo).” María Josefa and her husband, José Rosario, were both indigenous, natives of Almoloya and Tenancingo respectively, and at the time living in Malinalco in the Valley of Mexico. They had been fighting playfully over some meat that María Josefa had bought to makececinaMock anger and a very sharp knife made for bad companions, and José Rosario accidentally cut María Josefa in the leg.María Josefa's words are one of those elusive examples of the key place occupied by the Devil in Mexican popular culture in the late eighteenth century. By the late colonial period the Devil seems to have become more of a concern for rural Mexicans, particularly within indigenous communities, than he had been before. Once a European import, the Devil had become a more evident part of the symbols used by Indians in the countryside. He had become less of a concern to Church and State authorities and was rather used to explain accidents, such as the one cited above, but more frequently as an excuse or a reason for unacceptable conduct, such as violence or illicit sexuality.
Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy for Direct Imaging of Reaction Rates
Authors: Wittstock Gunther , Burchardt Malte , Pust Sascha E. , Shen Yan , Zhao Chuan 
Published: February 2007

AbstractNot only in electrochemistry but also in biology and in membrane transport, localized processes at solid–liquid or liquid–liquid interfaces play an important role at defect sites, pores, or individual cells, but are difficult to characterize by integral investigation. Scanning electrochemical microscopy is suitable for such investigations. After two decades of development, this method is based on a solid theoretical foundation and a large number of demonstrated applications. It offers the possibility of directly imaging heterogeneous reaction rates and locally modifying substrates by electrochemically generated reagents. The applications range from classical electrochemical problems, such as the investigation of localized corrosion and electrocatalytic reactions in fuel cells, sensor surfaces, biochips, and microstructured analysis systems, to mass transport through synthetic membranes, skin and tissue, as well as intercellular communication processes. Moreover, processes can be studied that occur at liquid surfaces and liquid–liquid interfaces.
The expression level of luciferase within tumour cells can alter tumour growth upon in vivo bioluminescence imaging
Authors: Brutkiewicz Susan , Mendonca Marc , Stantz Keith , Comerford Kathleen , Bigsby Robert , Hutchins Gary , Goebl Mark , Harrington Maureen 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn vivo bioluminescence imaging is becoming a very important tool for the study of a variety of cellular and molecular events or disease processes in living systems. In vivo bioluminescence imaging is based on the detection of light emitted from within an animal. The light is generated as a product of the luciferase–luciferin reaction taking place in a cell. In this study, we implanted mice with tumour cells expressing either a high or a low level of luciferase. In vivo bioluminescence imaging was used to follow tumour progression. Repeated luciferin injection and imaging of high and low luciferase‐expressing tumours was performed. While low luciferase‐expressing tumours grew similarly to vector controls, growth of the high luciferase‐expressing tumours was severely inhibited. The observation that a high level of luciferase expression will inhibit tumour cell growth when an animal is subjected to serial in vivo bioluminescence imaging is potentially an important factor in designing these types of studies. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.