bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La nouvelle problématique de la répression de la criminalité transnationale organisée
Authors: Haman Adji Alhadji Djougdoum 
Published: April 2024

Grâce à l’évolution sans cesse du numérique, le retard accusé par la répression traditionnelle de la criminalité transnationale organisée a engendré des situations d’insécurité, une sorte de balançoire judiciaire dans leur poursuite. Issue d’un monde virtuel, la cybercriminalité organisée en devenant une forme nouvelle et émergente de criminalité organisée plus dévastatrice ; est le nouveau terreau des réseaux criminels. Sa répression est confrontée désormais à des situations d’injusticiabilité qui font en sorte qu’il est parfois impossible pour le requérant d’obtenir justice. S’attarder sur la problématique d’une telle répression semble donc être un impératif, face à une criminalité « en nuage » toujours mouvante d’une part et le constat alarmant des divers dispositifs répressifs d’autre part. C’est la raison pour laquelle cette idée d’injusticiabilité est envisagée comme telle, parce qu’il est difficile non seulement de remonter jusqu’aux auteurs mais aussi difficile d’accéder aux éléments de preuve.
Plaidoyer pour la suppression de l’amendement Virapoullé
Authors: Oraison André 
Published: April 2024

La Réunion a un statut spécifique fixé par la Constitution après une modification de son article 73 qui résulte de la révision constitutionnelle du 28 mars 2003, complétée par celle du 23 juillet 2008. Son statut découle de l’alinéa 5 de cet article 73, un alinéa également connu sous le nom d’amendement Virapoullé. Adopté à l’initiative d’un sénateur de la droite réunionnaise, cet amendement a fait l’objet de critiques de la part de la gauche locale dans la mesure où il vise à limiter l’ampleur de la décentralisation dans la seule région monodépartementale de La Réunion. Cet amendement l’empêche d’exercer un pouvoir législatif et réglementaire sur habilitation, selon le cas, du Parlement ou du Gouvernement, alors même que ce pouvoir est reconnu aux autres collectivités régies par l’article 73 de la norme suprême, en application de son alinéa 3. Par suite, ses opposants réclament sa suppression au nom de l’égalité qui doit exister entre ces collectivités.
Le contentieux des normes juridiques devant le Conseil constitutionnel camerounais
Authors: Wandji Kemajou Axel 
Published: April 2024

La consécration de la justice constitutionnelle au Cameroun à la faveur de la Constitution du 18 janvier 1996, apparaissait comme une avancée significative pour la démocratie et l’état de droit. L’avènement de cette juridiction, nous offre l’occasion de pronostiquer au regard du cadre normatif existant, destiné sur l’efficacité de son rôle dans la promotion de l’État de droit au Cameroun à l’aune du contentieux des normes juridiques porté devant elle. À cet effet, il convient de se demander si le cadre juridique de la résolution des litiges de constitutionnalité par le Conseil constitutionnel camerounais est de nature à favoriser l’enracinement de l’État de droit. Le questionnement n’est pas dénué de toute pertinence dans la mesure où ce nouveau-né institutionnel inscrit le Cameroun dans l’ère du constitutionnalisme libéral moderne. Un tel objectif est-il réalisable, en l’état du droit positif camerounais ? Nous pouvons émettre quelques réserves, car ce contentieux est globalement perçu sous l’angle maximal, marqué d’une part par la restriction des normes contrôlées et par la politisation excessive de sa saisine d’autre part.
Le régime juridique applicable à l’eau en droit international humanitaire
Authors: Zani Mamoud 
Published: April 2024

La question du régime juridique applicable à l’eau en droit international humanitaire (DIH) constitue un sujet passionnant qui reste inexploré par la doctrine. D’autant plus que le DIH appréhende par ricochet le problème de l’eau en tant que besoin fondamental pour la personne humaine ou pour le danger qu’elle pourrait constituer pour les personnes protégées, à savoir les civils, les blessés, les malades et naufragés, les femmes, les enfants, les prisonniers de guerre et détenus, etc. L’objectif de cet article consiste donc à examiner le corpus juridique disséminé dans divers instruments de DIH applicable à cette ressource capitale pour l’humanité, afin de déterminer réellement son statut juridique. Pour ce faire, deux axes seront abordés : d’une part, le dispositif normatif initial du DIH consacré à l’eau ; de l’autre, le socle normatif supplémentaire du DIH réservé à l’eau.
Droit international humanitaire et crise russo-ukrainienne
Authors: Sobze Serge François 
Published: April 2024

Selon les règles basiques du « droit des conflits armés », il incombe à la Communauté internationale et aux parties en guerre de garantir le droit à la protection et à l’assistance des personnes. Si on assiste à leur assouplissement au nom du respect de la souveraineté étatique et du principe de légitimité démocratique, cette étude, qui met en jeu « Droit International Humanitaire et crise russo-ukrainienne » se particularise par la violation flagrante des principes et règles matriciels du droit international humanitaire. Loin de les considérer comme antinomique, les deux concepts devraient se rencontrer dès lors qu’aucun des deux ne s’arc-boute sur des approches maximalistes, le « droit de la guerre » selon sa dénomination classique, ayant un rôle à jouer dans l’humanisation des méthodes de conflit.
Addressing Social Determinants of Women's Health: Shifting the Focus Toward Health Promotion
Authors: Tucker Janet Adams , Waller Melody Norris 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Nursing faculty have been called to incorporate social determinants of health (SDOH) in nursing courses to equip nurses in better addressing disparities in care and health outcomes.

Method:
Prior to clinical experiences, students were introduced to concepts of health promotion and the SDOH framework. In the maternal child nursing course, core concepts of reproduction and sexuality were introduced through an SDOH framework lens. Outpatient clinical sites were chosen to provide a comprehensive, health promotion-focused clinical experience.

Results:
As students immersed themselves in providing care outside of the acute care setting, they assessed specific populations' needs and resources and participated in delivering care that addressed financial and access issues.

Conclusion:

Incorporating outpatient maternal child clinical experiences broadens students' perspective on health outcomes impacted by SDOH. By implementing health promotion interventions in community settings, students can grasp a more vivid picture of nursing's role and impact outside of hospital walls.

[
J Nurs Educ
. 2024;63(7):482–484.]
Factors Contributing to Well-Being in Japanese Community-Dwelling Older Adults Who Experienced Spousal Bereavement
Authors: Muroya Kazuko , Tabuchi Yasuko , Kumagai Yuki , Sakamoto Maiko , Tajima Tsukasa 
Published: April 2024

Purpose:
Providing support for older adults after spousal bereavement is crucial for psychological recovery through the grieving process and for promoting a healthy and happy remainder of life. The current study aimed to understand factors influencing well-being among Japanese community-dwelling older adults who experienced spousal bereavement by evaluating how their roles and activities affected their psychological well-being following the loss.

Method:
We conducted a cross-sectional, anonymous, self-administered questionnaire survey of 332 older adults who had experienced death of a spouse in later adulthood.

Results:
Identified factors that affected well-being after spousal loss were sex, ability to go out without assistance from others, long duration since spousal loss, having a hobby, and adopting a life-oriented approach to cope with bereavement. Well-being following spousal loss was influenced by participants' activities and roles.

Conclusion:

Findings of the current study provide potentially valuable suggestions for surviving spouses and their supporters when coping with grief following spousal loss. [
Research in Gerontological Nursing, 17
(3), 121–130.]
Oralité, scripturalité, rationalité : la place de l’oral dans la pratique et l’enseignement des sciences
Authors: Firode Alain 
Published: April 2024

Les études sociologiques consacrées aux inégalités scolaires présupposent fréquemment que l’accès à la rationalité et à la pensée scientifique, dans l’évolution de l’individu comme dans l’histoire de l’espèce humaine, passe nécessairement par l’apprentissage de l’écrit et l’institution d’un rapport « scriptural » au langage. À l’encontre de cette thèse, cette étude se propose, en s’appuyant sur la théorie poppérienne des origines de la rationalité, d’établir qu’il est une modalité spécifiquement orale de la pensée rationnelle et scientifique (une « oralité savante »), possédant ses propres normes, différentes de celles de l’écrit et de la culture écrite. La reconnaissance de cette oralité savante conduit à revoir quelques-unes des idées et des pratiques actuellement dominantes dans le domaine de l’enseignement des sciences.
Diagnostic Diversities of Pus-like Aspirates Encountered during Fine-needle Aspiration Cytology: An Observational Study in a Tertiary Medical Center in Eastern India
Authors: Adhikari Anindya , Sardar Ashis , Das Tripti , Dey Goutam , Bhunia Prantick Kumar , Chakraborty Debasish 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background:
Pus-like aspirates (PLAs) are not uncommon in day-to-day cytology practice. An apparently looking simple pus may yield a diagnostic diversity ranging from simple suppurative inflammation to a carcinomatous lesion. Proper processing followed by patient examination may be lifesaving for a patient. Very few cytological studies on PLAs have been conducted in Eastern India.

Materials and Methods:
One hundred and four PLAs from 104 patients (53 males, 51 females) received during 6 months (January 2022–June 2022) were included in this study.

Results:
The adult age group (19–60 years) and involvement of the head-and-neck area were most common in this study. The sex ratio (male: female) was almost equal. Simple pyogenic abscess is the most common diagnosis, followed by granulomatous and tuberculous abscess. Some special diagnoses were revealed, such as fungal infection, lymphoma, and carcinoma.

Conclusion:
This study emphasizes the importance of careful examination of PLAs as it may unmask some special diagnoses, even malignancy too. As a simple and quick outdoor-based study, prompt diagnosis and timely intervention may be lifesaving for some patients.
Ropivacaine with Fentanyl versus Bupivacaine with Fentanyl for Caudal Epidural in Pediatric Infraumbilical Surgeries – A Prospective Randomized Double-blinded Trial
Authors: Divya S , Govindan Dilip Kumar , Priyadharsini K. Soundarya , Prasad T. Krishna 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background:
Caudal epidural block is widely used in the pediatric age group. This study aims to determine that ropivacaine with fentanyl provides a shorter duration of motor blockade than the comparable sensory blockade, which can be used as an effective alternative to bupivacaine in caudal epidural anesthesia.

Objective:
The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of ropivacaine versus bupivacaine when combined with fentanyl in single-shot caudal epidural anesthesia in pediatric infraumbilical surgeries in terms of time taken for motor regression.

Subjects and Methods:
This was a prospective randomized double blinded study done among the pediatric population of 1-12years, undergoing infraumbilical surgeries under general anaesthesia. Efficacy of caudal epidural anaesthesia assessed with fentanyl+bupivacaine 30 patients (50%) and fentanyl+ ropivocaine 30 patients (50%). Group 1 received 0.25% of 0.7 mL/kg bupivacaine + 1 mg/kg of fentanyl with normal saline in a caudal epidural. Group 2 received 0.25% of 0.7 mL/kg ropivacaine + 1 mg/kg of fentanyl with normal saline in a caudal epidural. The demographic details and anthropometry were compared. The hemodynamic parameters were compared both intraoperatively and postoperatively. Bromage scale and Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, and Consolability pain score were compared postoperatively between both the groups.

Results:
The hemodynamic parameters, sedation, and pain were not statistically different between the groups. Among the bupivacaine group, there was a statistically significant, higher Bromage scale (P = 0.001), decreased time to rescue analgesia (P = 0.001), and higher duration of motor blockade (P = 0.001).

Conclusion:
We conclude that ropivacaine (0.25%) with fentanyl provides less intense motor nerve blockade with a shorter duration of analgesia, hence facilitating early ambulation.
Factors Influencing Utilization of Health and Wellness Centers (HWCs) in Odisha: A Mixed Method Study from Beneficiaries’ Perspective
Authors: Dandsena Amitosh , Panda Paramjot , Rath Jyotirmayee , Panigrahi Akash Kumar 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background:
According to the National Family Health Survey-5 report, Odisha’s population with hypertension has a 5% noncommunicable disease (NCD) burden, and only 40% of people in Odisha use primary health-care facilities to treat their NCDs, despite the Government of India having developed these facilities through the health and wellness centre (HWC) initiative.

Aim and Objective:
The aim of the study is to evaluate the utilization of Health and Wellness Centers (HWCs) in Odisha from the perspective of beneficiaries, and to identify factors influencing their low utilization, using a mixed-method approach.

Materials and Methods:
The study utilized a mixed-method approach, with a sample size of 400 participants. Quantitative data were collected through structured interviews, analysed using frequency and percentage calculations, and assessed for associations using logistic regression. Qualitative data were obtained via in-depth interviews, and thematic analysis was applied to identify major themes and subthemes related to HWC utilization and beneficiaries’ perceptions. Ethical clearance and informed consent were obtained before data collection.

Results:
In this study with 400 participants, only 31% utilized Health and Wellness Centers (HWCs) in Odisha. Factors associated with utilization included no formal education, proximity to HWCs within 2 km, low household income, experiencing general illness, and availing allopathic treatment which is statically significant with p<0.05. In-depth interviews revealed positive influences for utilization, such as nearby distance to HWCs, free testing and medicine, and positive expectations from government hospitals. Barriers to utilization included negative experiences, transportation challenges, lack of awareness, and poor beliefs or perceptions about HWCs.

Conclusion:
The study on Health and Wellness Centre (HWC) utilization in Odisha conclude that only 31% of beneficiaries access these facilities. Education, distance, and household income influence utilization. Proximity, free services, and awareness campaigns can improve utilization and foster preventive healthcare. The study recommends the policy makers to take action to bridge gaps and unleash the true potential of HWCs, creating a healthier future for Odisha.
Etiological Profile of Dyspepsia in Difficult-to-reach Tribal Population of Himachal Pradesh
Authors: Sharma Brij , Norbu Tenzin , Sharma Rajesh , Bodh Vishal , Chauhan Ashish , Bhateja Anshul , Sharma Dikshant 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background:
Dyspepsia exhibits a diverse range of underlying causes, with functional dyspepsia (FD) surpassing organic etiologies in prevalence. However, there exists a noticeable absence of prior research delineating the etiological spectrum of dyspepsia among the tribal regions of Himachal Pradesh (HP). The present study was carried out to determine the etiological profile of dyspepsia within this specific population.

Materials and Methods:
Conducted as a cross-sectional observational study centered around an endoscopy health camp, this investigation took place at the community health center in Kaza – a pivotal administrative hub in the remote Spiti Valley of the Lahaul and Spiti tribal district in HP. The study encompassed consecutive patients above 18 years of age presenting with gastrointestinal complaints. Those predominantly reporting dyspepsia were selected and subsequently underwent thorough endoscopic examination. Data analysis incorporated factors such as age, gender, history of smoking, alcohol consumption, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug usage, and endoscopic findings.

Results:
Encompassing a total of 187 patients with an average age of 48.5 ± 13.4, the study found that endoscopy yielded normal results in 59.9% of cases (categorized as FD), whereas 40.1% displayed abnormal findings (categorized as organic dyspepsia). Among the latter, the most prevalent organic lesions were peptic ulcer disease (PUD) (62.7%) and erosive esophagitis (22.7%). Furthermore, gastric malignancy was detected in 4% of the cases.

Conclusion:
The primary organic causes of dyspepsia within the tribal areas of HP appear to be dominated by PUDs, closely followed by erosive esophagitis. Gastric malignancy, although less frequent, was identified in approximately 4% of the dyspeptic cases studied.
A Case–control Study on Risk Factors for Development of Tuberculous Meningitis in Adults
Authors: Kharkongor Meban Aibor , Muliyil Jaya Prakash , Thangakunam Balamugesh , Christopher Devasahayam Jesudas , Lakshmanan Jeyaseelan , Chandiraseharan Vignesh Kumar , Prabhakar Appaswamy Thirumal , Aaron Sanjith , Hansdak Samuel George , Manesh Abi , Jaganautti Manjeera , Zachariah Anand , Sudarsanam Thambu David 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Tuberculous meningitis remains the most severe and devastating form of tuberculosis with relatively severe morbidity and mortality. Risk factors for TB meningitis have not focused on the role of the BCG vaccine or social and food insecurity which are known to have a role in pulmonary TB.

Methods:
We prospectively conducted a Case-Control study among 65 patients with TB meningitis and 41 controls with other forms of meningitis. We evaluated the role of the BCG vaccine, the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS) and the Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS) to look for food and social stress respectively. We also evaluated the known risk factors for TB meningitis including age, HIV co-infection, alcoholism, malignancies, use of immunosuppression, head injury among others. A bivariate followed by multivariate regression analysis was performed.

Results:
The presence of BCG scar was seen in 64.6 percent of patients with Tuberculous meningitis and 61.0 percent of control (P= 0.71). There was no difference in the size of the scars (P= 0.45) . Household food insecurity using the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS) ( a positive answer in any of the 9 items) was present in 16.9% of the patients in the TBM group and in 14.6% of the patients in the control group. (P= 0.75). Social stress assessed using the Social Readjustment Rating Score (< 150 suggest no social stress, 150 – 300 moderate social stress,> 300 high social stress) showed that a majority of the patients in both the groups reports no social stress. Only 9.8% of patients in the TBM group and 18.5% in the control group reports moderate presence of social stress whereas none of the patients had severe social stress. Logistic regression analysis suggested that only higher BMI was associated with lesser incidence of Tuberculous meningitis, odds ratio 0.83 (95% confidence interval of 0.73 – 0.930) and individuals performing clerical and unskilled and under-skilled jobs- odds ratio 0.13 (95% confidence interval of 0.02 – 0.93) had lower risk for TB Meningitis.

Conclusions:
In our sample of TB meningitis patients the BCG vaccine, food insecurity nor social stress appear to be risk factors. Bigger BMI and certain occupations appear to be possibly protective.
Nurse’s Attitude and Acceptance of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccination in Maitma District Hospital, Abuja, Nigeria
Authors: Olorunfemi Olaolorunpo , Uwabunkeonye Francisca Ogochukwu , Adebiyi Joseph Adekunle , Akindipe Adewole Peter , Abiodun Oluwaseun Oluwafunmilayo 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background:
The development of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines is a major challenge; and after clinical development, another critical problem is the acceptance of the vaccine among health workers, particularly nurses, who are expected to persuade other members of the community to be vaccinated against the virus. As a result, if success is to be recorded, it is necessary to examine nurse’s attitudes and acceptability level for proper policy in Nigeria’s health sector.

Aim:
The aim of study was to determine the attitude and acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination among nurses.

Methodology:
A cross-sectional design was used, and data were collected using a validated self-structured questionnaire. The IBM SPSS Statistics 23 software was used to analyze the data, and the results were presented using frequency tables, percentages, means, standard deviations, and Chi-square analysis.

Results:
According to the findings of this study, most of the respondents feel that COVID-19 vaccination is good for them (3.2 ± 4.0), but this does not translate to acceptance due to concerns about side effects, which results in a lack of trust in the vaccine’ safety, with a mean of 3.4 ± 4.3. Furthermore, the findings revealed a mean acceptance score of 2.96 ± 2.6, indicating that just above average number of the participants welcomed COVID-19 vaccination.

Conclusion:
This study concluded that the respondents had a positive attitude toward COVID-19 vaccination and acceptance is relatively low and this was as a result of their concerns over vaccine safety and side effects. Sociodemographic variables such as religion, level of education, and ethnic group were also implicated. Therefore, to increase nurses’ acceptability, we advocate a constant and devoted effort to improve political commitment, increase awareness, and disseminate information regarding the safety, side effects, and effectiveness of the COVID-19 vaccination.
The economic burden of esophageal cancer in Iran
Authors: Daroudi Rajabali , Nahvijou Azin , Arab Mohammad , Faramarzi Ahmad , Kalaghchi Bita , Sari Ali Akbari 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Studies on economic burden demonstrate the impacts of some diseases and provide invaluable information for specifying priorities and resource needs when designing cancer control strategies. The current study aimed to estimate the cost of esophageal carcinoma (EC) in Iran in 2018.

Methods:
This study was conducted on the prevalence approach to estimate the economic burden of EC in Iran from a social perspective. The direct cost was estimated by summing the diagnosis, treatment, follow-up, terminal care, and transport costs. Additionally, a human capital approach was adopted to estimate productivity losses. Various resources were used for data collection, including the GLOBOCAN 2018 report, and the medical record in the Cancer Institute of Iran. Also, data such as exchange rates, employment, and housekeeping rates were extracted from the Central Bank of Iran Statistics.

Results:
The economic burden of EC in Iran was $69.2 million in 2018, of which $38.7 million is caused by indirect costs and $30.5 million by direct costs. The mortality cost accounted for 49% of the economic burden, followed by 34% direct medical cost, 10% direct non-medical cost, and 7% morbidity cost.

Conclusions:
Mortality and medical cost appeared to be the main contributor to the economic burden. Therefore, policy-makers are recommended to adopt early detection and effective treatment as a highly cost-effective strategy for controlling costs.