bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rotor‐type hyperbilirubinaemia has no defect in the canalicular bilirubin export pump
Authors: Hřebíček Martin , Jirásek Tomáš , Hartmannová Hana , Nosková Lenka , Stránecký Viktor , Ivánek Robert , Kmoch Stanislav , Cebecauerová Dita , Vítek Libor , Mikulecký Miroslav , Subhanová Iva , Hozák Pavel , Jirsa Milan 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBackground: The cause of Rotor syndrome (RS), a rare‐familial conjugated hyperbilirubinaemia with normal liver histology, is unclear. We hypothesized that RS can be an allelic variant of Dubin–Johnson syndrome, caused by mutation in ABCC2, and investigated ABCC2 (gene) and ABCC2 (protein) in two patients with RS.Methods: A 57‐year‐old male presented with a 5‐year history of predominantly conjugated hyperbilirubinaemia (170 μmol/l). Urinary porphyrin excretion was increased; cholescintigraphy revealed no chromoexcretion. A 68‐year‐old male presented with lifelong conjugated hyperbilirubinaemia (85 μmol/l). Bromosulfophthalein elimination was typical for RS. Both patients had histologically normal liver, without pigment. ABCC2 expression was investigated by confocal fluorescence microscopy. ABCC2 was sequenced from genomic DNA and cDNA, and exon deletions/duplications were sought by comparative genomic hybridization on a custom micro‐array.Results: In both patients, ABCC2 was expressed unremarkably at the apical membrane of hepatocytes and no sequence alterations were found in 32 exons, adjacent intronic regions and the promoter region of ABCC2.Conclusions: Rotor‐type hyperbilirubinaemia is not an allelic variant of ABCC2 deficiency.
Toward the discovery of new biomarkers of hepatocellular carcinoma by proteomics
Authors: Santamaría Enrique , Muñoz Javier , Fernández‐Irigoyen Joaquín , Prìeto Jesús , Corrales Fernando J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPrimary liver cancer is the fifth most frequent neoplasm and the third most common cause of cancer‐related death, with more than 500 000 new cases diagnosed yearly. The outcome for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients still remains dismal, partly because of our limited knowledge of its molecular pathogenesis and the difficulty in detecting the disease at its early stages. Therefore, studies aimed at the definition of the mechanisms associated with HCC progression and the identification of new biomarkers leading to early diagnosis and more effective therapeutic interventions are urgently needed. Proteomics is a rapidly expanding discipline that is expected to change the way in which diseases will be diagnosed, treated, and monitored in the near future. In the last few years, HCC has been extensively investigated using different proteomic approaches on HCC cell lines, animal models, and human tumor tissues. In this review, state‐of‐the‐art technology on proteomics is overviewed, and recent advances in liver cancer proteomics and their clinical projections are discussed.
The use of physical restraint in critical care
Authors: Hine Karen 
Published: February 2007

AbstractCritically ill patients are at high risk for the development of delirium and agitation, resulting in non‐compliance with life‐saving treatment. The use of physical restraint appears to be a useful and simple solution to prevent this treatment interference. In reality, restraint is a complex topic, encompassing physical, psychological, legal and ethical issues. This article briefly discusses the incidence of delirium and agitation in critically ill patients and examines in detail the method of physical restraint to manage treatment interference. The historical background of physical restraint is discussed and the prevalence of its use in critical care units across the world examined. Studies into the use of physical restraint are analysed, and in particular the physical effects on patients discussed. The use of physical restraint raises many legal, ethical and moral questions for all health care professionals; therefore, this study aims to address these questions. This article concludes by emphasizing areas of future practice development in intensive care units throughout the UK.
Pressure ulcer risk assessment immediately after cardiac surgery – does it make a difference? A comparison of three pressure ulcer risk assessment instruments within a cardiac surgery population
Authors: Feuchtinger Johanna , Halfens Ruud , Dassen Theo 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe intensive care unit (ICU) population has a high risk of developing pressure ulcers. According to several national expert guidelines for pressure ulcer prevention, a risk assessment for every situation in which the patient’s condition is changing should be performed using a standardized risk assessment instrument. The aims of this study were to (a) assess the number of patients who are ‘at risk’ for the development of pressure ulcer according to three commonly used risk assessment instruments in the intermediate period after cardiac surgery procedures, (b) assess which instrument best fits the situation of the ICU patients and c) decide if ‘static’ risk assessment with an instrument should be recommended. The modified Norton scale, the Braden scale and the 4‐factor model were used in a convenience sample of 53 patients to assess the risk for development of pressure ulcer in the first 5 days (in ICU) after cardiac surgery procedures. The number of patients at risk were >60% by the 4‐factor model, >70% by the modified Norton scale and >80% by the Braden scale. Sensitivity and specificity in all scales were not satisfactory. Forty‐nine per cent (n= 26) of the patients developed a pressure ulcer in the operating room, 13% (n= 7) up to day 5 in the cardiac surgery ICU. Only 1·9% (n= 1) of the pressure ulcers were stage 2. The study concluded that the patients in the cardiac surgery ICU can be identified as at risk during the first 5 days after surgical procedure without continuously using a standardized risk assessment instrument in every changing condition. Individual risk assessment by a standardized risk assessment instrument is only recommended to enable initiation of preventive measures based on patient‐specific risk factors.
Petrogenesis of the garnet peridotite and garnet‐free peridotite of the Zhimafang ultramafic body in the Sulu ultrahigh‐pressure metamorphic belt, eastern China
Authors: YANG J. S , ZHANG R. Y. , LI T. F. , ZHANG Zh. M. , LIOU J. G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe CCSD‐PP1 drillhole penetrated a 110‐m‐thick sequence of the Zhimafang ultramafic body in the Sulu ultrahigh‐pressure (UHP) metamorphic belt, east China. The sequence consists of interlayered garnet‐bearing (Grt) and garnet‐free (GF) peridotite. Eleven layers of Grt‐peridotite, ranging from 1.2 to 9.5 m in thickness, have an aggregate thickness of 54.49 m, whereas eight layers of GF‐peridotite, ranging from 2.2 to 14.2 m in thickness, have a total thickness of 57.53 m. The boundaries between the two rock types are gradational. The Grt‐peridotites have slightly higher contents of Al2O3, CaO and SiO2, and lower Mg#s (0.90–0.92) than the GF‐peridotites (Mg#s 0.91–0.93). Both contain low TiO2 (<0.05 wt%) and have higher modal abundances of enstatite (average 10 vol.%) than diopside (1–5 vol.%), typical of depleted‐type upper mantle. The diopside in these rocks has high and relatively uniform Mg# members (0.93–0.95), but highly variable Al2O3 (0.2–2.3 wt%), Na2O (0.5–2.5 wt%) and Cr2O3 (0.38–2.09 wt%). Enstatite (En92−93) contains very low Al2O3 (0–0.3 wt%). Both porphyroblastic and equigranular garnet are present. The equigranular varieties are zoned, from core to rim in Cr2O3 (3.4–4.2 wt%), MgO (18.4–17.5 wt%) and Al2O3 (21.1–20.1 wt%). Titania is very low in all the garnet, mostly <0.05 wt%. Chromite or chromium (Cr)‐spinel occur both in the Grt‐ and GF‐peridotite, and are characterized by high contents of Cr2O3 (49–58 wt%) and FeO (24–43 wt%), similar to that in iron‐rich Alpine‐type peridotites. Based on the bulk‐rock MgO–FeO compositions, the Zhimafang Grt‐peridotite probably underwent 20–30% partial melting, whereas the GF‐peridotite may have undergone as much as 35–40% partial melting, suggesting that the two rock types owe their differences to different degrees of partial melting rather than to pressure differences during metamorphism.
Olfactory response of the anthocorid predatory bug Orius sauteri to thrips‐infested eggplants
Authors: Mochizuki Masatoshi , Yano Eizi 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe predator Orius sauteri (Poppius) (Heteroptera: Anthocoridae) is an effective arthropod natural enemy of thrips, especially Thrips palmi Karny (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), a serious pest of vegetables. First, we studied O. sauteri's response to the odour from thrips‐infested eggplant [Solamum melongena L. (Solanaceae)] in a laboratory by two‐choice experiments using a Y‐tube olfactometer. When detached eggplant leaves were used as odour sources, O. sauteri preferred the volatiles from uninfested leaves to clean air. Concerning preferences among differently infested leaves, O. sauteri preferred the volatiles from plants infested with 10–100 thrips per leaf to uninfested leaves, but showed no significant preference for artificially damaged leaves over uninfested leaves. Similar results were obtained when complete plants were tested as the odour source. Second, release and recapture experiments in a greenhouse, a more realistic set of conditions, were conducted to confirm whether a significant preference for infested plants occurred at similar infestation levels as in the laboratory. Trends favouring infested plants were detected at densities of five and 500 thrips per plant; however, at the five thrips per plant, this trend was due to the large deviation seen in infested plants in only one replicate. In light of the low tolerable thrips density of eggplant, it is necessary to confirm whether artificial treatments with chemicals induce the emission of herbivore‐induced plant volatiles that can attract O. sauteri and prolong its residence time on the leaf.
In vivo experimental model of human gingival mucosa using immunodeficient mice
Authors: Tsukinoki K. , Miyoshi Y. , Aoki T. , Karakida K. , Ohta Y. , Kaneko A. , Ueyama Y. , Watanabe Y. 
Published: February 2007

Background and Objective:  To establish an in vivo experimental model for examining human periodontal tissue, the present study examined several transplant techniques that maintain the structure and characteristics of human gingival mucosa.Material and Methods:  Human oral mucosal tissue samples were collected from the gingiva (n = 11), palate (n = 1), and tongue (n = 3). These mucosal grafts were transplanted onto BALB/c nu/scid mice with double‐mutant immunodeficiency. Murine skin, twice the size of the graft, was cut open in an ‘⊐’‐shape. Next, the connective tissue side of the graft was placed onto the murine connective tissue. Immunohistochemical analysis was also performed, using polyclonal rabbit antibody to involucrin, monoclonal antibody to vimentin, monoclonal antibody to CD34, and monoclonal antibody to Ki‐67, to determine whether the characteristics of human oral mucosa were maintained.Results:  When the connective tissue side of the graft was placed on the murine fascial membrane, the histological structure of the graft was maintained for 60 d. These grafts were examined for human characteristics using human‐specific antibodies. Immunohistochemically, the expression patterns of involucrin, vimentin, and Ki‐67 indicated that transplanted mucosa revealed normal human characteristics, including differentiation and proliferation up to 80 d. CD34 was not detected in the graft endothelial cells.Conclusion:  The present study revealed that the novel technique of transplantation of human gingival mucosa in nu/scid mice may serve as an in vivo experimental model of periodontal disease.
Non‐invasive electrical measurements for the evaluation of the hydration state of the skin: comparison between three conventional instruments ‐ the Comeometer®, the Skicon® and the Nova DPM®
Authors: Clarys Peter , Barel André O. , Gabard B. 
Published: February 2007

Background/aims:Some electrical properties of the skin may be related to the water content of the horny layer, and measurements of impedance and/or capacitance have been used to assess the hydration state of the skin surface. This study was designed to compare three commercially available instruments used in dermato‐cosmetic research, namely, the Corneometer CM 825, the Nova DPM 9003 and the Skicon‐200.Methods:Comparative measurements were carried out with the three instruments in vivo on the volar part of the forearms of 12 human volunteers.Results:The decrease in hydration induced by an irritant cationic detergent, and the increase of hydration after application of a moisturizer cream under occlusion could be easily measured with the three instruments. High degrees of correlation were obsewed between the three instruments over a broad range of hydration values of the skin.Conclusions:This comparative study performed under controlled environmental conditions reveals that the three instruments give validated coherent information concerning relative changes in hydration of the upper layers of the epidermis.
Consumer perception of sensitive hands: what is behind it?
Authors: Paye M. , Dalimier Ch. , Cartiaux Y. , Chabassol C. 
Published: February 2007

Background/aims:Sensitive skin is a regular matter of complaint from consumers. Skin being physiologically and historically different on different body parts, this study aims at characterizing hand skin from a population of subjects complaining of sensitive hands.Methods: Asurvey was performed on a panel of 150 women. One‐third claimed to have “sensitive hands”. Their hand skin condition was compared to those claiming to have “non‐sensitive hands” by means of a self‐evaluation questionnaire, clinical examination (erythema, dryness), instrumental measurements (reflectance spectrometry, evaporimetry, skin surface capacitance and biomechanic properties measurements) and analysis of stratum corneum tape stripping. The two groups were also compared for their ability to perceive differences in the feel of consumer products on their hands.Results:“Sensitive hands” subjects perceived their hands as being dry and irritated. Such subjective perceptions were confirmed by visual assessment of erythema, capacitance measurement and stratum corneum stripping analysis. There was no correlation between the perception of sensitive hands and the ability of better perceiving the feel on skin of everyday products.Conclusion:Sensitive hands perception is a reality sustained by measurable skin condition changes. It merits to be further investigated and should be taken into account.
Time‐dependent changes in dermal peeling force of adhesive tapes
Authors: Tokumura F. , Ohyama K. , Fujisawa H. , Suzuki M. , Nukatsuka H. 
Published: February 2007

Background/aims:The dermal peeling force of acrylic adhesive tapes was evaluated in relation to the accumulation of fluid and the number of stripped corneocytes.Methods:Two kinds of tapes that had different water vapor permeability were applied on the flexor side of both forearms in eight healthy male volunteers. The dermal peeling force was measured at 1, 4, 8 and 24 h after application of the tapes. Simultaneously, the electrical conductance of the skin beneath the applied tape and the total area of corneocytes stripped on the adhesive surface of the removed tape, instead of the adhesive area of the tape relative to the skin surface, were measured.Results/Conclusions:The dermal peeling force of the permeable tape gradually increased and that of the occlusive tape decreased. The increase in the former could be caused by the increase in the adhesive area of the tape relative to the skin surface, and the decrease in the latter could be caused by reduction of the bonding force among the corneocytes themselves, according to hydration.
Melanin distribution in corneocytes and fine patterns of pigmentation on pigmented areas in pigmentary disorders
Authors: Sakamaki Takeshi , Hayashi Shoji , Hayakawa Ritsuko 
Published: February 2007

Background/aims:Hyperpigmentation on the face, such as chloasma, ephelides, and senile pigmentation, is a common problem in the dermatological field. It is desirable to obtain precise data on melanin distribution and hyperpigmentation patterns for correct diagnosis and suitable treatment; however, there are few reports of non‐invasive studies of hyperpigmentation of the face skin.Methods:In this study, we examined melanin distribution in corneocytes and fine patterns of pigmentation. Using adhesive tape, we stripped the skin on both pigmented areas and adjacent normal areas of the face. The melanin granules in the cells of the stripped specimens were stained by the Fontana‐Masson stain method. The melanin distribution of corneocytes was categorized into five types, and the frequency of each type was calculated. Pigmentation patterns were imaged by a videomicroscope equipped with a polarizer. The fine patterns of pigmentation were categorized into three basic patterns: reticulated, granulated and flat pigmentation.Results:Melanin granules were concentrated around the nuclei in pigmented areas compared with normal areas. The frequency of each fine pattern was different in each pigmented disease.Conclusions:This study will be useful in assisting dermatologists in correcting clinical diagnoses of pigmented skin diseases.
Molecular cloning and sequencing of MHC class II beta 1 domain of turkey reveals high sequence identity with chicken
Authors: Ahmed K. A. , Saxena V. K. , Saxena M. , Ara A. , Pramod A. B. , Rajaram M. L. , Dorman K. S. , Majumdar S. , Rasool T. J. 
Published: February 2007

SummaryWe report the nucleotide sequences of turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II loci (β 1 domain or exon 2 encoding the peptide‐binding region). In the present investigation, three distinct sequences from the β 1 domain of turkey MHC class II were isolated. A BLAST search and phylogenetic analysis revealed that turkey MHC sequences are most similar to chicken and peacock MHC. There was no strong evidence of recombination among the turkey MHC sequences or with other avian MHC, but diversity was high. The diversity in this peptide‐binding region may be the result of point mutation and balancing selection or frequent gene conversion within turkey. However, more work and data are needed to understand the evolution of turkey and other avian MHC. Moreover, polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment‐length polymorphism analysis of exon 2 using the Hinf I restriction enzyme demonstrated three restriction patterns and a preliminary evidence of multiple β loci in turkey. PCR‐RFLP analysis of turkey MHC class II loci could be a promising method of MHC genotyping, when more sequences are available. Turkey MHC haplotypes identified earlier by RFLP analysis should be sequenced to standardize turkey MHC nomenclature and to develop DNA based method of haplotyping.
Discovery of HLA‐DRB1*0331 in a Taiwanese marrow donor and the importance of sequence‐based typing in a rare or previously unrecognized allele
Authors: Yang K. L. , Chu C. C. , Huang C. H. , Lin S. Z. , Hsu W. L. , Liu D. W. , Lin P. Y. 
Published: February 2007

SummaryWe describe here a novel HLA‐DRB1* allele, DRB1*0331, observed from a Taiwanese bone marrow donor using DNA sequence‐based typing (SBT) method. The ‘new’ allele differs from DRB1*0306 and DRB1*0325 by one nucleotide at positions 196 and 227, respectively. Nucleotide mutations caused amino acid substitutions from N to Y at codon 37 and from F to Y at codon 47, as compared with amino acid sequence encoded by the DRB1*030101 allele. The donor was first typed as DRB1*0403/0406/0439/0441/0446/0451/0452 (NMDP code DRB1*04XX) and DRB1*0304/0323/0325 (NMDP code DRB1*03APDA) by sequence‐specific oligonucleotide (SSO) typing kit. Subsequent typing of the donor by high‐resolution sequence‐specific primer (SSP) protocol indicated DRB1*0403 and DRB1*0306. The anomalous result of DRB1*03 was resolved by SBT and recognized as DRB1*0331. We concluded that SSP or SSO alone may mistype a precedent unrecognized allele and that two different typing techniques or SBT may have to be employed to safe guard true HLA typing when rare alleles are encountered at the first time.
Cytokine gene polymorphisms in the Dutch population
Authors: Skorpil N. , Kolesár L. , Striz I. , Lardy N. M. , Slavcev A. 
Published: February 2007

SummaryNumerous studies have shown that variations in the production and activity of cytokines influence the susceptibility and/or resistance to various infectious agents, autoimmune diseases, and cancer, as well as the predisposition to allograft rejection. Differences in the production of cytokines between individuals are often caused by single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in the promoter or coding regions of cytokine genes.The cytokine polymorphisms of 107 unrelated Caucasian individuals originating from various parts of the Netherlands were studied and compared with the results of two European (Czech and Italian) populations. Twenty‐two SNPs of 13 different cytokine genes were analysed. To test the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium, allele frequencies were estimated by direct gene counting. Evaluation of the allele frequencies of the Dutch, Italian and Czech populations showed that five SNPs were significantly different between the Dutch and the Italians, while these SNPs did not vary between the Dutch and the Czechs. This analysis, in combination with other types of immune profiling, may be helpful for prediction of the clinical outcome of various infectious and immune‐related disorders, as well as for estimation of the risk for rejection and graft vs. host disease after organ or stem cell transplantation.
Adjuvant radiotherapy to an initial bulky mass in diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma: lack of survival benefit
Authors: TOMITA N. , KODAMA F. , MOTOMURA S. , ITOH S. , OHSHIMA R. , HYO R. , KAWANO T. , HASHIMOTO C. , TAKEMURA S. , YAMAZAKI E. , FUJITA H. , FUJISAWA S. , OGAWA K. , KANAMORI H. , ISHIGATSUBO Y. 
Published: February 2007

SummaryThe role of adjuvant radiotherapy to the site of the initial bulky mass in lymphoma remains to be determined. We retrospectively analyzed clinical data for 35 consecutive patients with diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma who had an initial bulky mass were treated successfully by chemotherapy reaching complete remission or complete remission unconfirmed according to International Workshop Criteria. Median age was 57 years. Median follow‐up period for surviving patients after completion of chemotherapy was 45 months. Twenty patients (group A) received adjuvant radiotherapy to the bulky mass, while 15 (group B) did not. Median dose of radiation in group A was 40 Gy (range, 30–60 Gy). In group A, four relapses occurred, all from other sites; group B included three relapses from bulky and one from other sites. Overall survival (P = 0.15) and recurrence‐free survival (P = 0.48) did not differ significantly between groups. Although adjuvant radiotherapy to the initial bulky site is useful for controlling local disease, no survival benefit was seen.