bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fatty acid variability of plasma lipids and cholesteryl esters in adult male twins and their brothers
Authors: Kang K. W. , Christian J. C. , Hedges B. , Corey L. A. , Powell R. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractVariation in the fatty acid composition of fasting plasma lipids and of cholesteryl esters was studied in 69 sets of adult male twins and 25 of their brothers. Genetic variances were estimated using the twin model. In general, monozygotic (MZ) twins were characterized by the smallest within‐pair variance, and brothers of twins by the largest. Variation within dizygotic pairs fell intermediate to that of MZ twins and brothers. The present study did not reveal consistent significant (P<0.05) genetic variation in plasma fatty acids from total plasma lipids or cholesteryl esters.
Lipid content and fatty acid composition of heart and muscle of the BIO 82.62 cardiomyopathic hamster
Authors: Barakat Hisham A. , Lynis Dohm G. , Loesche Patricia , Tapscott Edward B. , Smith Carlton 
Published: November 2006

AbstractMicroscopic and analytical studies of the lipids in the heart and muscle of the BIO 82.62 myopathic hamsters and agematched normal animals at the average ages of 33, 67, and 108 days were performed. Microscopic examinations did not show increased lipid depositions in the hearts of the diseased animals as was found in the BIO 14.6 strain. No consistent differences in the lipid content of the cardiomyopathic hamsters (BIO 82.62) and age‐matched controls were observed in the three age groups except in the cholesterol content of muscle. Cholesterol increased significantly (P<0.01) in the 67 and 108 day old animals. This increase elevated the cholesterol/phospholipid ratio. Analysis of the fatty acid composition of triglycerides showed that the cardiomyopathic hamsters store more saturated fatty acids in both heart and muscle than do their normal counterparts. The abundance of more saturated fatty acids may imply that either the desaturation mechanism is altered in the diseased animals or that unsaturated fatty acids are preferentially utilized in other processes.
Determination of background serum density for lipoprotein ultracentrifugation
Authors: Jensen Gordon L. , Smith Samuel C. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractIt is necessary to know the density of serum exclusive of its macromolecules (background density) prior to density adjustment with solid potassium bromide for ultra‐centrifugal separation of lipoprotein fractions. To evaluate this, we compared the densities of the corresponding ultrafiltrates or dialysates of both human and equine sera produced by ultrafiltration and equilibrium dialysis methods for macromolecule removal. Excellent correlation is found between background densities determined following ultrafiltration or equilibrium dialysis. These data validate the use of ultrafiltration as a simple, direct method for determination of background serum densities but reveal equilibrium dialysis to be more time consuming and less precise. Using ultrafiltration, we find the background density for equine serum to be 1.004 g/ml, and initial investigation suggests this value may be altered by freezing, prolonged refrigeration (3 months), or heating to inactivate lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase.
Lipid composition ofNeurospora crassa
Authors: Kushwaha S. C. , Kates M. , Kramer J. K. G. , Subden R. E. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe lipids ofNeurospora crassa, isolated in pure form from freeze‐dried mycelium, were found to contain squalene, sterol esters, triglycerides, free fatty acids, geranylgeraniol, free sterols, carotenoids, cardiolipin, phosphatidyl ethanolamine, phosphatidyl choline, phosphatidyl serine, and phosphatidic acid. The above compounds were isolated in pure form by column and thin layer chromatography and were characterized by infrared spectroscopy and chromatographic mobilities. Fatty acid moieties were characterized by gas liquid chromatographic retention times of their methyl esters relative to those of authentic standards. The fatty acid composition of the triglycerides was found to be similar to that of phosphatidic acid, cardiolipin, and lecithin.
Effects of changes in the major carbon source on the fatty acids ofEuglena gracilis
Authors: Reitz Ronald C. , Moore Gary S. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractEuglena gracilis was cultured under both heterotrophic and phototrophic growth conditions using ethanol, glucose or CO2 as the major carbon source. Total fatty acid analyses indicated that ethanol produced more highly unsaturated acids than did glucose under both growth conditions. Growth in the light on CO2 yielded a very high content of 18∶3, 16∶3 and 16∶4 (33%), compared to ethanol (11%) or glucose (10%). These two preformed carbon sources enhanced the content of the C20 and C22 polyenes compared to CO2, and growth in the dark on to CO2, and growth in the dark on ethanol caused a further increase in these polyenes. Growth in the dark on glucose caused only a slight increase of the C20 and C22 polyenes compared to growth in the light on this carbon source. When the fatty acid patterns of the two dark‐grown heterotrophs were compared, two observations were quite evident. First, there was a two‐fold increase in the saturated acids in the cells grown on glucose. This was largely due to myristic acid. Second, the C20 and C22 polyenes were almost twice as concentrated in the cells grown on ethanol.
Inhibition of sterol biosynthesis in chlorella ellipsoidea by AY‐99441
Authors: Dickson Leal G. , Patterson Glenn W. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractWhenChlorella ellipsoidea was grown in the presence of 4 ppm AY‐9944, complete inhibition of Δ5‐sterol biosynthesis was achieved. However total sterol production remained unaltered. As a result a number of sterols accumulated that appear to be intermediates in sterol biosynthesis. These sterols were described and identified as (24S)‐5α‐ergost‐8(9)‐en3β‐ol, (24S)‐5α‐stigmast‐8(9)‐en‐3β‐ol, 4α‐methyl‐(24S)‐5α‐ergosta‐8, 14‐dien‐3β‐ol, 4α‐methyl‐(24S)‐5α‐stigmasta‐8, 14‐dien‐3β‐ol, 4α‐methyl‐(24S)‐5α‐ergost‐8(9)‐en‐3β‐ol and (24S)‐4α‐methyl‐5α‐stigmast‐8(9)‐en‐3β‐ol. The occurrence of these sterols inChlorella ellipsoidea is the first time they have been noted in biological material. The accumulation of these sterols in treated cultures indicates that AY‐9944 is an extremely effective inhibitor of the Δ8→Δ7 isomerase and the Δ14 reductase of these plants. The occurrence of small amounts of other sterols in treated cultures has led to a proposed pathway for thebiosynthesis of sterols inChlorella ellipsoidea.
Esterification of cholesterol and hydrolysis of cholesteryl ester in alcohol induced fatty liver of rats
Authors: Takeuchi Nozomu , Ito Masami , Yamamura Yuichi 
Published: November 2006

AbstractRepeated oral administrations of ethanol to rats induced accumulation of cholesteryl ester, as well as triglyceride in the livers. The contents of free cholesterol and phospholipid in the livers were not changed significantly in the present experiment in which ethanol ingestions were repeated four times. Although in vitro esterification of cholesterol by particle fractions of the alcoholic fatty liver was not affected, hydrolysis of cholesteryl palmitate by the supernatant fraction of the liver homogenate was reduced when compared with those of the control group which was given water or isocaloric glucose. The results of in vitro esterification of cholesterol and hydrolysis of cholesteryl palmitate in the liver of the rats which were ingested with glucose were larger than those of the control rats which were given water.
In vitro desaturation of 1‐14C linoleic acid in Novikoff hepatoma
Authors: Chiappe Liliana , Mercuri Osvaldo , Detomás María Elena 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe lipid fatty acid pattern of normal liver, host liver, and Novikoff hepatoma was determined by gas liquid chromatography, and Δ6‐desaturase activity for linoleic acid was measured in the microsomal fractions. The results showed that, in Novikoff hepatoma, there is a correlation between the low content of arachidonic acid and the low activity of Δ6‐desaturase, a key enzyme in the biosynthetic pathway of this acid.
Lipids of human myocardium
Authors: Fletcher Ronald F. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe major lipid classes, including some phospholipids, and their fatty acid profiles have been measured in portions of left ventricular muscle and psoas muscle obtained at autopsy. Atrial appendages and ventricular muscle removed during cardiac surgery were examined also. The proportions of the individual phospholipids were the same in all the muscles, having an excess of phosphatidyl ethanolamine and phosphatidyl serine compared with the serum. Their fatty acid profiles resembled those obtained from other locations. The triglyceride content of the myocardium was relatively constant (except in the atrial appendage) but did rise slightly with increasing obesity. The free fatty acid concentration in the myocardium was relatively high and had a variable fatty acid profile.
Cholesterol‐cerebroside interaction: The role of α‐hydroxy fatty acids
Authors: Mickel Hubert S. , Hill Penelope L. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe esterification of cholesterol by the plasma phosphatidyl choline‐cholesterol acyltransferase reaction was studied by two methods, radioisotopic and colorimetric, in the presence of cerebroside, ceramide, or methyl esters of lignoceric or α‐hydroxy lignoceric acid. The radioisotopic method measures esterification of exogenous labeled cholesterol which must be taken up into the lipoprotein‐bound pool prior to its utilization as a substrate. The colorimetric method measures esterification of endogenous lipoprotein‐bound free cholesterol since the exogenous labeled cholesterol is negligible in concentration. Cerebroside and ceramide containing α‐hydroxy fatty acids reduced the utilization of exogenous labeled cholesterol as substrate, but had no effect on lipoprotein‐bound exogenous cholesterol esterification. Cerebroside and ceramide containing no α‐hydroxy fatty acid had no effect on exogenous labeled cholesterol esterification. The methyl esters of lignoceric acid and α‐hydroxy lignoceric acid had no effect on the esterification of exogenous cholesterol in plasma. There is a decrease in esterification of exogenous labeled cholesterol with increasing concentration of α‐hydroxy fatty acid ceramide. Increasing the concentration of exogenous cholesterol tends to counteract the effect of the ceramide on cholesterol esterification. There was little effect on exogenous cholesterol esterification when the α‐hydroxy fatty acid ceramide was exposed to plasma before adding the labeled cholesterol. The findings demonstrate an interaction between free cholesterol and cerebroside or ceramide containing α‐hydroxy fatty acids, but the nature of the interaction is not elucidated.
Analysis of lipoxygenase nonvolatile reaction products of linoleic acid in aqueous cereal suspensions by urea extraction and gas chromatography
Authors: Graveland A. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractCereals contain lipoxygenase and small quantities of linoleic and linolenic acids. For studying the oxidation of these acids by lipoxygenase in aqueous cereal suspensions and especially in doughs of wheat flour, an extraction method was developed, providing a means of quantitative extraction of the acids and their oxidation products. A complete extraction can be obtained by using urea as a disclosing agent and a chloroform‐isopropanol mixture as the extraction solvent. For the detection of the acids and their oxidation products, some of which are formed in relatively small amounts, a gas chromatographic method was developed. After extraction, the products are first methylated and silylated; then, along with an internal standard, determined with the aid of gas liquid chromatography. This method permits the determination of mono‐, di‐, and trihydroxy acids, as well as of the ketodihydroxy and α and γ ketols.
Plasma cholesterol levels in suckling and weaned calves, lambs, pigs and colts
Authors: Carroll K. K. , Hamilton R. M. G. , Macleod G. K. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractPlasma cholesterol levels were determined in calves, lambs, and pigs at intervals from birth until after weaning. In each case the levels were low at birth, became elevated during the suckling period, and decreased as the animals began to eat solid feed. Results with calves fed skim milk indicated that milk lipids were largely responsible for the post‐partum elevation of plasma cholesterol levels. Studies with early and late weaned pigs also indicated that the elevation of plasma cholesterol in suckling animals was related to diet rather than age. Sex and breed had no apparent effect on plasma cholesterol levels in these experiments. A limited number of observations in colts indicated that plasma cholesterol levels decreased between 2 and 7 months.
Changes in liver lipid composition of male rats fed rapeseed oil diets
Authors: Kramer J. K. G. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractStudies are reported on the effect of feeding diets containing rapessed oils differing in their erucic acid content to male weanling rats for 16 weeks. Rapeseed oil high in erucic acid depressed growth. Total lipids, lipid phosphorous and cholesterol, in the livers were not significantly different between the experimental groups. The fatty acid composition of the total liver lipids, the neutral lipids, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine are documented. Erucic and eicosenoic acids were found in all lipid classes at the same relative concentration; the amount being incorporated was proportional to that found in the dietary oil. The positional analysis of phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine are presented. Erucic acid was incorporated preferentially at position two of these phospholipids, whereas, twice the level of eicosenoic acid was found at position one, compared to that which occurred at the two position.
Conversion of sodium lithocholate‐24‐14C to other products by guinea pig brain
Authors: Mujtaba Naqvi S. H. , Nicholas H. J. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractIntracerebral injection of sodium lithocholate into guinea pig showed that this steroid can be converted into other acidic products by the brain, in vivo. One of the products has been identified as 3‐keto‐5β‐cholanoic acid.
Lipid composition of the pecan weevil,Curculio caryae (Horn)
Authors: Henson R. D. , Thompson A. C. , Gueldner R. C. , Mody N. V. , Neel W. W. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe lipids of larvae, male adults, and female adults of the pecan weevil,Curculio caryae (Horn), were studied, and special attention was given the fatty acid composition. The larvae contained an unusually high amount of lipid material (40.6%), most of it concentrated in the neutral lipid fraction. Male and famale adults contained more conventional quantities, 5.8 and 8.2%, respectively. Oleic acid was the major fatty acid in the total and neutral lipids of all stages; linoleic acid was the most abundant in the phospholipid fractions.
Egg plant lipoxygenase: Isolation and partial characterization
Authors: Grossman S. , Trop M. , Avtalion R. , Pinsky A. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractEgg plant lipoxygenase EC 1.13.1.13 when purified on Ecteola cellulose was resolved into two active fractions with most of the activity in the first fraction (A). This fraction when further purified on Sephadex G200‐120 had 20 times the specific activity of the crude material. It proved to be a single substance by electrophoresis and immunological technique. The pH optimum was 6.5. Its activity was specific for thecis,cis‐1,4 pentadiene structure. There was no inhibition by cyanide, azide, EDTA or fluoride. Nordihydroguaretic acid, on the other hand, exhibited strong inhibition at 3 × 10−3M concentration. The specific antibody caused 50% inhibition.
Studies of tocopherol dimers from soybean oil by reaction gas chromatography
Authors: Gutfinger Tamar , Letan A. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractReaction gas chromatography was found to be helpful in elucidating structures of tocopherol dimers. By this method γ‐ and δ‐tocopherols were determined as monomers derived from tocopherol dimers, after isolation of the latter compounds from soybean oil. It was shown that gas chromatographic determination of tocopherols, as performed by injection of total unsaponifiables from soybean oil, will give results too high; the eluted tocopherols will account for both tocopherol monomers and dimers.
Biological implications of cadmium‐phospholipid monolayers
Authors: Belmonte Albert A. , Swarbrick James , Jensen Robert G. , Gordon Dennis T. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe potential interaction of air‐borne metal pollutants with pulmonary lung surfactant may be simulated using monolayers of dipalmitoyl phosphatidyl choline (lecithin) spread on aqueous subphases containing different metal ions. Preliminary surface pressure and surface potential results indicate that cadmium interacts with dipalmitoyl phosphatidyl choline, such that the surface characteristics of the phospholipid are altered.
cis‐5‐Monoenoic fatty acids in some chenopodiaceae seed oils
Authors: Kleiman R. , Rawls M. H. , Earle F. R. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractMethyl esters from seed oils of four Chenopodiaceae species are unusual in that they contain methylcis‐5‐hexadecenoate (4.6–12%) and methyl 5‐octadecenoate (1.1–1.2%). There are indications of small amounts of 18∶25,9 and 18∶35, 9, 12 along with unsaturated acids commonly found in seed oils‐oleic (14–21%), linoleic (53–57%) and linolenic (3.5–7.8%). Fatty acid composition of the oils was determined by gas chromatography, and positions of the double bonds were established by application of gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry to the methoxylated methyl esters.
Influence of medium‐chain triglycerides on lipid metabolism in the chick
Authors: Leveille Gilbert A. , Pardini Ronald S. , Tillotson Jerry Ann 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe effect of corn oil, coconut oil, and medium‐chain triglyceride (MCT, a glyceride mixture consisting almost exclusively of fatty acids of 8 and 10 carbons in length) ingestion on lipid metabolism was studied in chicks. In chicks fed cholesterol‐free diets, MCT ingestion elevated plasma total lipids and cholesterol and depressed liver total lipids and cholesterol when compared to chicks receiving the corn oil diet. As a consequence of the opposite effects of MCT ingestion on plasma and liver cholesterol and total lipids, the plasma‐liver cholesterol pool was not altered. When cholesterol was included in the diets, dietary MCT depressed liver and plasma total lipids and cholesterol as compared with corn oil, consequently also lowered the plasmaliver cholesterol pool.The in vitro cholesterol and fatty acid synthesis from acetate‐1‐14C was higher in liver slices from chicks fed MCT than in those from chicks fed corn oil. The percentage of radioactivity from acetate‐1‐14C incorporated into the carboxyl carbon of fatty acids by liver slices was not altered by MCT feeding, indicating that the increased acetate incorporation represented de novo fatty acid synthesis. The conversion of palmitate‐1‐14C to C18 acids was increased in liver of chicks fed MCT, implying that fatty acid chain elongating activity was also increased. Studies on the conversion of stearate‐2‐14C to mono‐ and di‐unsaturated C18 acids showed that hepatic fatty acid desaturation activity was enhanced by MCT feeding. Data are presented on the plasma and liver fatty acid composition of chicks fed MCT‐, corn oil‐, or coconut oil‐supplemented diets.
Quantitative analysis of free and bound fatty aldehydes: Optimum conditions for p‐nitrophenylhydrazone formation
Authors: Ferrell William J. , Radloff James F. , Jackiw Andrew B. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractA method is described for the analysis of free and bound fatty aldehydes in lipid extracts. By radiolabeling techniques it was shown that the method for measuring free fatty aldehydes when used in the presence of bound fatty aldehydes measures less than 1% of the bound aldehydes. Parameters of time, temperature and optimum acid concentration are reported. A comparison has been made between the present method and other published methods of measuring p‐nitrophenylhydrazones with emphasis on recoveries and reactivities. The present method is suitable for measuring as little as 0.02 μmoles of fatty aldehyde. The method has been applied to the analysis of free and bound aldehydes present in various mouse tissues.
Plasma free fatty acid incorporation into the outer and inner myocardium of unanesthetized dogs
Authors: Steinberg Joel S. , Gold Martin 
Published: November 2006

Abstract14C‐Palmitate (16∶0) and3H‐oleate (18∶1) were infused into unanesthetized dogs for 90 min. Lipid and isotopic analyses were then performed on the left ventricular outer and inner walls. Average values in μmoles per gram wet weight tissue for both outer wall trigly ceride (TG) (7.0±2.6 (S.E.)) and phospholipid (PL) (17.3±2.4) were higher then the inner wall TG (1.4±0.3) and PL (12.0±2.4). TG fatty acid distribution was similar in the outer and inner myocardium. Thus those factors regulating incorporation of various fatty acids may operate at comparable rates in both heart segments. The same observation and relationship was observed for PL, but the two classes had markedly different fatty acid spectra. The transmural gradients for these classes may be related to relatively hypoxic conditions in the inner wall. Uniform14C DPM concentrations were found in both TG and PL of the outer and inner myocardium. A similar distribution pattern was found for3H. This may indicate that an individual species of plasma free fatty acid (FFA) undergoes uniform initial incorporation into TG and PL despite the existence of transmural gradients and fatty acid distribution differences. The mean outer and inner wall TG and PL3H to14C DPM concentration ratio (range of 3.9 to 4.8) was similar to a calculated plasma3H‐18∶1 to14C‐16∶0 specific activity ratio of 4.23. This indicates that net incorporation of fatty acids into TG and PL over 90 min was proportional to their plasma FFA concentrations, rather than to endogenous tissue lipid concentrations. The lipid gradients and fatty acid spectrum differences observed may thus be caused by recycling and catabolic pathways rather than to direct control of plasma FFA entry into TG and PL.
Partial purification and conversion of the particulate‐bound diglyceride kinase ofEscherichia coli to a water soluble, detergent free state
Authors: Horvath William L. , Pieringer Ronald A. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractAlkali (pH 11.5) treatment of a washed, ammonium sulfate‐precipitated residue derived from a triton‐X‐100 extract of a 30,000 Xg particulate diglyceride kinase preparation ofE. coli converts much of the enzyme to a 100,000 Xg soluble, detergent free state. This procedure improves the enzyme as an analytical tool for the structural analysis of triglycerides, and may be applicable for the solubilization of the many other glyceride‐ and phosphoglyceride‐forming enzymes which have all resisted further purification because of insoluble, particulate properties.
Comparative effects of docosa‐4,7,10,13,16‐pentaenoic acid and docosa‐4,7,10,13,16,19‐hexaenoic acid on the desaturation of linoleic acid and α‐linolenic acid
Authors: Actis Dato S. M. , Brenner R. R. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractVarying concentrations of free docosa‐4,7,10,13,16‐pentaenoic acid or its CoA ester were incubated with a given variable concentration of 1‐14C‐linoleate or 1‐14C‐α‐linolenate as either the free fatty acid or the CoA ester, microsomal enzymes, and the appropriate cofactors for fatty acid desaturation. The results obtained were compared to the effects of docosa‐4,7,10,13,16,19‐hexaenoyl CoA when incubated in a similar manner in the presence of the labeled substrates. Both feedback and crossed inhibition effects were observed; these inhibition effects may play a role in the regulation of polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis.