bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
First experience with nicotine products and transition to regular tobacco use: a secondary data analysis in 28 European countries
Authors: Rajani Nikita B , Goyal Jyoti , Filippidis Filippos T 
Published: March 2024

ObjectiveThe majority of tobacco users have had their first contact with nicotine at a young age. The aim of this study was to explore the association between the first tobacco or nicotine product tried and the transition to regular product use in 28 European countries.MethodsA secondary analysis of participants aged 15–40 years (n=8884) from 28 countries was conducted (Eurobarometer wave 93.2; August–September 2020). Participants who reported having ever tried tobacco or nicotine products were asked which product they tried first. Self-reported history of tobacco use determined whether they were established users (≥1 time weekly) of a range of products at any point in their life. Multilevel logistic regression was used to measure the association between first product tried and becoming a regular user of tobacco or nicotine products.ResultsThere was large variation between countries in the proportion of participants aged ≤40 years that ever tried tobacco or nicotine; Estonia had the highest proportion of ever users (85.8%) and Poland had the lowest (38.9%). Among those who had ever tried tobacco or nicotine, boxed cigarettes were the most common first product (72.3%) and pipe was the least common (0.4%). Compared with those who first tried e-cigarettes, the odds of ever becoming a regular user of any tobacco or nicotine product were higher among those who first had hand-rolled cigarettes (adjusted OR, aOR 2.23; 95% CI 1.43 to 3.48) or boxed cigarettes (aOR 2.08; 95% CI1.43 to 3.02) and lower among those who first tried waterpipe (aOR 0.22; 95% CI 0.14 to 0.34).ConclusionsAlthough this study cannot infer causality, the findings show that odds of becoming a regular tobacco user differs widely depending on the first product used. Better understanding of the associations between first product use and regular tobacco use could be informative to tobacco control policy-makers and help tailor prevention programmes.
Place in Painting
Authors: Casey Edward S. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This essay examines the role of place in painting. This role is multiple – at once attracting our look but also locatory of whatever is displayed in the painting itself and attracting our attention to it as a place distinct from the place where we are painting it or viewing it. Examined here is also the role of the lived body in the apprehension of place in painting: a corporeal animating force that animates a genuinely lived place as it is set forth or intimated in paintings of seen, remembered, or imagined places. Such placially specific paintings are at once a commentary and a continuation on how we experience places in the context of the lived world. Included are analyses of three placially oriented paintings of my own as well as one by de Kooning – all in an effort to show the multivalence of place in painting.
On Equality and Irreducibility of Female to Male in Safedian Forms of Kabbalah
Authors: Idel Moshe 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In kabbalistic writings equality between the male and female divine entities recurs in dozens of instances and this is also the case in Safedian forms of Kabbalah. However, there is an additional theme to equality, that is shared by the two main and extensive literary corpora, that of Moses Cordovero and the much later texts of his former disciple, that of R. Hayyim Vital: the irreducibility of the female principle to the male one during the sexual encounter. The present study explores the passages reflecting the details of this similarity, as well as the theurgical impact of the feminine soul, in the wider context of the relationship between some important ideas shared by those distinct kabbalistic writings.
The teaching of evolutionary theory and the Cosmos–Evidence–Ideas model
Authors: Christina Ntinolazou , Penelope Papadopoulou 
Published: March 2024

AbstractEvolutionary theory (ET), as many researchers have pointed out, is one of the cornerstones of Biology, whose understanding facilitates the study of all its other fields since it offers general and dominant explanations for the phenomena it examines. Thus, the intense research activity presented in relation to the teaching and learning of evolution is justified. Various methodological approaches attempt to conclude in an effective way how to overcome the barriers associated with the acceptance and understanding of ET. In the present research, the usefulness of the Cosmos–Evidence–Ideas (CEI) model as a tool for enhancing the effectiveness of selected activities for teaching ET is tested. Two different Teaching Learning Sequences (TLS) were designed, implemented, and evaluated, in one of which CEI was used as a design tool. Next, a comparison of the evaluation outcomes of the two TLSs was conducted. It was found that students from both groups increased their performance. This increase was slightly greater for the students who were taught evolution through the TLS, designed with the CEI model. An interpretation is given for the extent of that increase related to the model's characteristics, and suggestions for better improvement in the future are included. To sum up, there are indications that the CEI model might have the potential to enhance the effectiveness of a TLS for ET when used as a design tool.
Curvilinear association between waist-to-height ratio and cardiorespiratory fitness: a cross-sectional study based on nationwide data from Chinese children and adolescents
Authors: Dong Jiehao , Song Pengwei , Zhang Zhen , Zhang Jia 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
Waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) is considered an important summary indicator for assessing the health of children and adolescents. However, there are fewer studies addressing the association between WHtR and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). Deriving an optimal WHtR would play an important role in promoting CRF in children and adolescents. Our aim was to analyze the association between WHtR and CRF and determine the optimal value of WHtR.

Methods
In this study, 37,081 (19,125 boys, 51.6%) children and adolescents aged 7–18 years in five regions of China were tested for WHtR and 20-m shuttle run test (20 m SRT). One-way ANOVA was used to compare maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max) among children and adolescents with different WHtRs and effect sizes were used to analyze differences between groups. Curvilinear regression was used to analyse the curvilinear relationship that exists between WHtR and VO2max.

Results
In Chinese children and adolescents, the WHtR of boys was higher than that of girls by 0.01, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.001). Overall, in the age groups of 7–9, 10–12, 13–15, and 16–18 years old, the differences in VO2max comparisons between different WHtR groups were statistically significant (P < 0.001). In Chinese children and adolescents in the age groups of 7–9, 10–12, 13–15, and 16–18 years old, VO2max levels were highest when the WHtR was 0.34, 0.32, 0.39, and 0.41, respectively.

Conclusions
There is a curvilinear association between WHtR and CRF in Chinese children and adolescents. Both lower and higher WHtR led to a decrease in VO2max in children and adolescents.
The conserved GOLD domain in the Plasmodiophora brassicae effector Pb257 is required for triggering cell death and root swelling
Authors: Yang Hui , Liao Rong , Jin Chuang , Feng Xiaoya , Zhang Yang , Wang Xinyue , Zhang Yuge , Yu Liang , Wang Wenming 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPlasmodiophora brassicaeis one of the biggest threats to cruciferous plants and one of the most economically significant diseases worldwide. However, our current understanding of its pathogenic mechanisms remains limited. In this study, we have identified an effector, Pb257, which plays a crucial role in the virulence ofP. brassicae. The expression pattern analysis revealed continuous induction of Pb257 during both primary and secondary infections. Ectopic expression of Pb257 strongly triggered cell death inNicotiana benthamianaand several other plants, which was dependent on SOBIR1 and the salicylic acid pathway but not BAK1, a central molecular regulator, to mediate classical defense pathways. Overexpression of Pb257 increased susceptibility ofBrassica rapatoP. brassicae. Silencing of the Pb257-encoding gene led to reduce root swelling. Further investigation showed that the conserved GOLD domain within Pb257 was essential for inducing root enlargement, which is similar to the mild symptoms of clubroot, indicating that it is an important effector for promoting root cell enlargement. GOLD domain-containing family proteins were widely present in the kingdoms of protozoa, fungi, and animalia, and Pb257 was clustered into a clade of protozoa, suggesting the encoding gene as a potential marker gene for classification ofP. brassicae. The GOLD domain-containing proteins are known regulators involved in human cell proliferation and immune system disruption, however, no previous reports have described a pathogen-derived GOLD domain protein with elicitor activity. Our findings demonstrate that Pb257 functions as a crucial effector contributing to the virulence ofP. brassicaeand could be used as a potential molecular target for controlling clubroot disease.
Comparative analysis of clinical symptoms and biochemical alterations in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: assessing the impact of type 1 diabetes versus non-diabetic controls
Authors: Yassin Maged M. , Laqqan Mohammed M. , Mwafy Saleh N. , EL-Qreenawy Sana I. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
Women with type 1 diabetes depend on insulin injections throughout their life. However, the recommendation for strict metabolic control of diabetes requires the administration of supra-physiological doses of insulin, which might result in insulin-mediated stimulation of androgen synthesis. Hyperandrogenism in women with type 1 diabetes may be associated with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). This study was performed to investigate PCOS and its associated clinical symptoms and biochemical alterations in women with type 1 diabetes in the Palestinian Territories. This retrospective cohort study consists of 50 women with type 1 diabetes and 50 apparently healthy non-diabetic controls. Questionnaire interviews were conducted. The diagnosis of PCOS was based on chronic anovulation and biochemical evidence of hyperandrogenism. Serum total testosterone, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and insulin were measured by ELISA.

Results
The mean waist-to-hip ratio and age at menarche were significantly higher in diabetic women than in non-diabetic controls (81.9 ± 7.9 and 13.9 ± 1.6 years vs. 78.8 ± 5.7 and 13.2 ± 1.2 years, and P = 0.045, P = 0.020, respectively). Oligomenorrhea, acanthosis nigricans, seborrhea, and hirsutism were more frequent in diabetics. The levels of total testosterone and insulin were significantly higher in diabetics (0.58 ± 0.11 ng/ml and 15.8 ± 12.4 mlU/ml vs. 0.44 ± 0.11 ng/ml and 10.8 ± 4.5 mlU/ml, P < 0.001 and P = 0.010, respectively). PCOS was present in 11 (22.0%) of diabetic women compared to 3 (6.0%) in non-diabetics (P = 0.044). Diabetic women with PCOS received higher doses of insulin than non-PCOS women (72.7 ± 23.9 vs. 55.0 ± 19.8 UI.cc/ml/day, P = 0.023). PCOS women showed more frequent oligomenorrhea (100% vs. 15.4%, P < 0.001) and higher levels of total testosterone and insulin (0.64 ± 0.09 and 23.1 ± 13.0 vs. 0.53 ± 0.11 and 14.1 ± 11.8, P = 0.023 and P = 0.041, respectively). PCOS cases were significantly more frequent in diabetic women receiving intensive insulin therapy than their counterparts with non-intensive insulin therapy (40.9% vs. 7.1%, P = 0.012).

Conclusion
Intensive insulin treatment in type 1 diabetes potentiates the development of PCOS and its related clinical and biochemical features particularly oligomenorrhea, hyperinsulinemia, and hyperandrogenemia.
Using stated preference methods to facilitate knowledge translation in implementation science
Authors: Irie Whitney C. , Kerkhoff Andrew , Kim Hae-Young , Geng Elvin , Eshun-Wilson Ingrid 
Published: March 2024

AbstractEnhancing the arsenal of methods available to shape implementation strategies and bolster knowledge translation is imperative. Stated preference methods, including discrete choice experiments (DCE) and best-worst scaling (BWS), rooted in economics, emerge as robust, theory-driven tools for understanding and influencing the behaviors of both recipients and providers of innovation. This commentary outlines the wide-ranging application of stated preference methods across the implementation continuum, ushering in effective knowledge translation. The prospects for utilizing these methods within implementation science encompass (1) refining and tailoring intervention and implementation strategies, (2) exploring the relative importance of implementation determinants, (3) identifying critical outcomes for key decision-makers, and 4) informing policy prioritization. Operationalizing findings from stated preference research holds the potential to precisely align health products and services with the requisites of patients, providers, communities, and policymakers, thereby realizing equitable impact.
Early experience with endovascular arteriovenous fistula creation
Authors: Huang Dean , Figueiredo Fatima De , Abdelwahed Abdallah 
Published: March 2024

Background: Patients opting for haemodialysis as a form of renal replacement therapy require prompt and reliable vascular access. The gold standard for delivering high-quality and safe haemodialysis is through the creation of an arteriovenous fistula (AVF), typically formed at the wrist or elbow. This intervention promotes increased blood flow through superficial veins, fortifying them for repeated needle insertion during haemodialysis treatment. The emergence of percutaneous endovascular arteriovenous fistula (pAVF) introduces a non-surgical alternative for AVF creation. This method eliminates the need for incisions, reducing the likelihood of surgical scarring and changes in vein appearance. Advantages of pAVF encompass the potential for accelerated convalescence, enhanced comfort for the patient, and a diminished adverse effect on body image perception. These non-surgical options may motivate patients to undergo the procedure promptly, enhancing the timeliness of vascular access for haemodialysis and positively impacting overall health outcomes. These relatively new interventions are evolving, enabling the refinement of more efficient and safer techniques. Dialysis nurses play a crucial role in overall success, necessitating further training and development of their skills and knowledge for needling these new fistulas. With an increasing number of successful cases and more readily available information, these non-surgical techniques are gaining popularity among patients, particularly those conscious about their body image. Aim: The goal is to outline an early experience with a comprehensive approach to planning a percutaneous endovascular arteriovenous fistula service at King's College Hospital. Method: This article describes the referral process, screening, clinical assessments, procedural elements and cannulation. Insights are drawn from a single-centre experience in the UK with the WavelinQ System (BD). Emphasis will be placed on key staffing needs, particularly related to patient selection and dialysis nurse training. Conclusion: By addressing these essential considerations, a pAVF service can be successfully implemented.
Contextualized Satire Detection in Short Texts Using Deep Learning Techniques
Authors: Kamal Ashraf , Abulaish Muhammad , Jahiruddin  
Published: March 2024

Satire is prominent in user-generated content on various online platforms in the form of satirical news, customer reviews, blogs, articles, and short messages that are typically of an informal nature. As satire is also used to disseminate false information on the Internet, its computational detection has become a well-known issue. Existing work focuses primarily on formal document- or sentence-level textual data, whereas informal short texts have gotten less attention for satire detection. This paper presents a new model called BiLSTM self-attention (BiSAT) for detecting satire in informal short texts. It consists of various components such as input, embedding, self-attention, and two bi-directional long short-term memory (BiLSTM) layers for learning crucial contextual information pertaining to the satire present in the texts. The input layer uses the text as input to create an input vector, which is then given to the embedding layer to create the appropriate numeric vector. The output of the embedding layer is passed on to the first BiLSTM layer, which extracts contextual information-based sequences in the opposite direction. Between the first and second BiLSTM layers, a self-attention layer is employed to draw attention to the important satirical information that is acquired by the hidden layer of the first BiLSTM. The BiSAT model also takes a classic feature engineering approach, employing a 13-dimensional auxiliary feature vector comprised of features from four separate feature categories: sentiment, punctuation, hyperbole, and affective. The proposed BiSAT model is empirically evaluated on two benchmark datasets and a newly created dataset called Satire-280. It outperforms existing research and baseline methods by a significant margin. The Satire-280 dataset along with code can be downloaded from GitHub repository: https://github.com/Ashraf-Kamal/Satire-Detection.
New perspective on the socio-economic history of Europe based on the work of Antonio Magliulo, History of European Economic Thought
Authors: Halemba Adam Czesław 
Published: March 2024

Cel pracyCelem artykułu jest omówienie nowatorskiego dzieła profesora Antoniego Magliulo, History of European Economic Thought oraz wskazanie obszarów tematycznych do dalszej dyskusji, polemiki i kontynuacji jego badań. Kolejnym celem jest wyróżnienie kilku zagadnień i wątków badawczych , które przewijają się na kartach publikacji, w tym przede wszystkim kwestia koncepcji narodzin Europy.Materiał i metodyPodstawowym materiałem badawczym artykułu jest publikacja profesora Antoniego Magliulo, History of European Economic Thought. Metody zastosowane w artykule to analiza tekstu i jego merytorycznej struktury, pogrupowanie i wypunktowanie kilku wiodących wątków narracji dzieła, takich jak wartości europejskie w historii myśli ekonomicznej, czy koncepcja narodzin Europy.WynikiWyniki pracy podsumowane zostały w konkluzjach, gdzie wskazano raz jeszcze na podstawowe myśli przewodnie, tj. wartości europejskie w historii myśli ekonomicznej, koncepcje narodzin Europy oraz kwestie jej społeczno-kulturowej tożsamości dostrzegane w historycznym rozwoju europejskiej myśli ekonomicznej. W konkluzjach wskazano również kilka wątków tematycznych i zagadnień do dalszej dyskusji oraz potencjalnych obszarów polemicznych.WnioskiMyśl przewodnia dzieła profesora Antoniego Magliulo, History of European Economic Thought opiewa wokół zagadnienia wartości europejskich, które stanowią fundament europejskiej tożsamości i wypływających z nich europejskich koncepcji myśli ekonomicznej.
Multinational enterprises as driving forces of efficiency and globalization – friends or foes?
Authors: Gorynia Marian 
Published: March 2024

Cel pracyPrzedmiotem i zarazem celem tego opracowania jest refleksja nad rolą przedsiębiorstw międzynarodowych (PM) w procesach gospodarowania. Chodzi więc o odpowiedź na pytanie, w jakich warunkach przedsiębiorstwa te są nośnikami, obrońcami i propagatorami efektywności oraz w jakich sytuacjach rozpatrywane firmy odstępują od zasad efektywności i stają się w ten sposób wrogami dobrobytu.Materiał i metodyPodstawową metodą wykorzystaną w opracowaniu jest metoda krytycznej analizy literatury. Autor wykorzystał wyniki badań literaturowych rozpatrywanego zagadnienia prowadzone w okresie ostatnich 5 lat z szerokim odwołaniem do podejścia historycznego.WynikiGłówny wynik prowadzonych rozważań sprowadza się do stwierdzenia, że w zasadzie nie jest możliwe udzielenie jednoznacznej i bezwarunkowej odpowiedzi na zadane w tytule pytanie.Wnioski•	Ogólny obraz PM z punktu widzenia efektywności i dobrobytu wydaje się być przedłużeniem obrazu firmy jako takiej w kapitalistycznej gospodarce rynkowej. Tak jak „zwykłe przedsiębiorstwa”, PM są rozwiązaniem instytucjonalnym pozwalającym na sprawne i efektywne organizowanie zasobów w celu zaspokojenia potrzeb ludzkich.
•	Z przytoczonych sześciu rozumień PM wynika, że odpowiedź na pytanie dobry czy zły, piękna czy bestia albo przyjaciel czy wróg nie może być zero-jedynkowa. Odpowiedź ta powinna uwzględniać, że w realiach gospodarki rynkowej jest przestrzeń zarówno dla Friend, jak i Foe.
•	PM jest dobre, ale nie dość dobre. Albo nieco inaczej: PM jest dobre, ale nie tak, by nie mogło być lepsze.
•	Potrzeba szerokiego rozumienia efektywności, wychodzącego od racjonalności globalnej, a nawet – jak chce Skidelsky (2020) – wychodzenia poza efektywność czyli uwzględnianie także niepewności, odporności, stabilności.
Short-term rental of residential real estate in selected cities of the world – modeling and implementation of indicators for profitability assessment
Authors: Oktaba Paweł , Grzywińska-Rąpca Malgorzata , Wojtowicz Karol 
Published: March 2024

Cel pracyGłównym celem badań jest ocena rentowności wynajmu krótkoterminowego w wybranych miastach na świecie. W artykule przeanalizowano dostępność mieszkań turystycznych w wybranych miastach na świecie oraz porównano potencjalną stopę zwrotu z ich wynajmu.Materiał i metodyCeny wynajmu pochodziły z danych portalu Airbnb, a przeciętne ceny nieruchomości z różnorodnych źródeł internetowych. Przeprowadzono analizę k-średnich, dzięki której wykazano grupy miast (skupienia).WynikiWykazano, że przeciętny dobowy dochód z wynajmu w relacji do średniej ceny za jeden m² powierzchni mieszkania, może przekraczać 7% w wybranych miastach. Pogrupowano miasta na trzy klastry, zawierają one obiekty charakteryzujące się podobieństwami pod względem analizowanych cech.WnioskiKrótkoterminowy wynajem prywatnych mieszkań zyskał popularność w ostatnich latach, głównie dzięki platformom takim jak Airbnb, Booking czy Vrbo. Tego rodzaju wynajem stał się atrakcyjną alternatywą dla hoteli, zwłaszcza wśród turystów poszukujących bardziej lokalnych i autentycznych doświadczeń, a w czasach pandemii – również pewnej prywatności. Wynajem prywatnych nieruchomości za pośrednictwem wymienionych portali, oferuje właścicielom możliwość generowania dodatkowych dochodów, często wyższych niż w przypadku długoterminowego najmu. Z przeprowadzonych w artykule badań wynika, że dostępność lokali na wynajem w miastach takich jak Lizbona, Buenos Aires czy Istambuł przekracza 1000 nieruchomości niezależnie od przedziału cenowego. W kategorii potencjalnej stopy zwrotu z wynajmu, liczonej stosunkiem ilorazu średniej dobowej ceny wynajmu i przeciętnej ceny za m² nieruchomości, potencjalnie najbardziej dochodowe miasta to kolejno: Barcelona, Kapsztad i Istambuł (wszystkie z potencjalnym zwrotem na poziomie >7%/ m²).