bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dinuclear Monointercalating RuII Complexes That Display High Affinity Binding to Duplex and Quadruplex DNA
Authors: Rajput Chatna , Rutkaite Ramune , Swanson Linda , Haq Ihtshamul , Thomas Jim A. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe DNA duplex binding properties of previously reported dinuclear RuII complexes based on the ditopic ligands tetrapyrido[3,2‐a:2′,3′‐c:3′′,2′′‐h:2′′,3′′‐j]phenazine (tppz) and tetraazatetrapyrido[3,2‐a:2′3′‐c:3′′,2′′‐l:2′′′,3′′′‐n]pentacene (tatpp) are reported. Photophysical and biophysical studies indicate that, even at high ionic strengths, these complexes bind to duplex DNA, through intercalation, with affinities that are higher than any other monointercalating complex and are only equalled by DNA‐threaded bisintercalating complexes. Additional studies at high ionic strengths using the 22‐mer d(AG3[T2AG3]3) [G3] human telomeric sequence reveal that the dinuclear tppz‐based systems also bind with high affinity to quadruplex DNA. Furthermore, for these complexes, quadruplex binding is accompanied by a distinctive blue‐shifted “light‐switch” effect, characterized by higher emission enhancements than those observed in the analogous duplex effect. Calorimetry studies reveal that the thermodynamics of duplex and quadruplex binding is distinctly different, with the former being entirely entropically driven and the latter being both enthalpically and entropically favored.
Tuning the Thermotropic and Lyotropic Properties of Liquid‐Crystalline Terpyridine Ligands
Authors: Camerel Franck , Donnio Bertrand , Bourgogne Cyril , Schmutz Marc , Guillon Daniel , Davidson Patrick , Ziessel Raymond 
Published: March 2006

AbstractA rational synthetic strategy is developed to provide compact and simple terpyridine (terpy) mesogens that show liquid‐crystallinity both as pure compounds and in organic solution (amphotropic compound). The use of a central 4‐methyl‐3,5‐diacylaminophenyl platform equipped with two lateral aromatic rings, each bearing three appended aliphatic chains, allows connection of a 2,2′:6′,2′′‐terpyridine fragment through a polar group such as an ester, amide, or flat conjugated alkyne linker. For the T12ester and T12amide scaffolds, the mesophase is best described as a lamellar phase, in which the molecules self‐assemble into columnar stacks held together in layers. In the T12amide case, the additional amide link results in significant stabilization of the lamellar phase. The driving forces for the appearance of columnar ordering are the hydrogen‐bonding interactions of the amide groups, which induce head‐to‐tail π‐stacking of the terpy subunits. Replacing the polar linker by a nonpolarized but linear alkyne spacer, as in the T12ethynyl compound, provides a columnar mesophase organized in a rectangular lattice of p2gg symmetry. In this arrangement, two nondiscotic molecules arranged into dimers by hydrogen bonding and π–π stacking pile up in a head‐to‐tail manner to form columns. In addition, the T12amide compound proves to be an excellent gelator of cyclohexane, linear alkanes, and DMSO. The resulting robust and transparent gels are birefringent and formed by large aggregates that are readily aligned by shear‐flow. TEM and freeze‐fracture microscopy reveal that the gels have an original layered morphology made of fibers.
Methoxyperylene Bisimides and Perylene Lactame Imides: Novel, Red Fluorescent Dyes
Authors: Langhals Heinz , El‐Shishtawy Reda , von Unold Petra , Rauscher Maximilian 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe synthesis of methoxyperylene bisimides and perylene lactame imides with aliphatic N‐substituents is described. Both classes of dyes exhibit fluorescence in the bathochromic region of visible light so that red light is obtained. The lightfastness of the dyes is very high, thus, there is special interest for diverse applications.
Squaraine‐Derived Rotaxanes: Highly Stable, Fluorescent Near‐IR Dyes
Authors: Arunkumar Easwaran , Fu Na , Smith Bradley D. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractSquaraines are fluorescent, near‐IR dyes with promising photophysical properties for biomedical applications. A limitation with these dyes is their inherent reactivity with nucleophiles, which leads to loss of the chromophore. Another drawback is their tendency to form nonfluorescent aggregates in water. Both problems can be greatly attenuated by encapsulating the dye inside an amide‐containing macrocycle. In other words, the squaraine becomes the thread component in a Leigh‐type rotaxane, a permanently interlocked molecule. Two new rotaxanes are described: an analogue with four tri(ethyleneoxy) chains on the squaraine to enhance water solubility, and a rotaxane that has an encapsulating macrocycle with transposed carbonyl groups. An X‐ray crystal structure of the latter rotaxane shows that the macrocycle provides only partial protection of the electrophilic cyclobutene core of the squaraine thread. The stabilities of each compound in various solvents, including serum, were compared with a commercially available cyanine dye. The squaraine rotaxane architecture is remarkably resistant to chemical and photochemical degradation, and likely to be very useful as a versatile fluorescent scaffold for constructing various types of highly stable, near‐IR imaging probes.
Thalidomide therapy for myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia
Authors: Thomas Deborah A. , Giles Francis J. , Albitar Maher , Cortes Jorge E. , Verstovsek Srdan , Faderl Stefan , O'Brien Susan M. , Garcia‐Manero Guillermo , Keating Michael J. , Pierce Sherry , Zeldis Jerome , Kantarjian Hagop M. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractBACKGROUNDThalidomide is a putative antiangiogenesis agent with activity in several hematologic malignancies.METHODSForty‐four patients who had myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia received treatment with thalidomide in a Phase II clinical trial at a dose of 200 mg daily with escalation by 200 mg weekly until the best tolerated dose (maximum, 800 mg) was reached.RESULTSSeventeen of 41 evaluable patients (41%) who received treatment for at least 15 days had a response. A complete response (without reversal of bone marrow fibrosis) was achieved in 4 patients (10%), a partial response was achieved in 4 patients (10%), and hematologic improvements in anemia, thrombopenia, and/or splenomegaly were observed in 9 patients (21%). Improvements in anemia occurred in 7 of 35 patients (20%) with hemoglobin levels <10.0 g/dL, and improvements in thrombopenia occurred in 5 of 24 patients (21%) with platelet counts <100 × 109/L. Five of 24 patients (21%) became transfusion‐independent. Major or minor regression of splenomegaly was noted in 9 of 29 evaluable patients (31%), and complete regression was noted in 5 patients. Responders had a lower baseline median vascular endothelial growth factor levels (77.9 pg/mL vs. 97.7 pg/mL;P<.01) and higher median basis fibroblast growth factor levels (60.8 pg/mL vs. 37.4 pg/mL;P<.01) compared with nonresponders. Nine patients (22%) had deterioration that was attributed to thalidomide (resolved after withdrawal) with either progressive cytopenias or excessive proliferation. Two patients developed Grade 3 neutropenia with recovery and resumed therapy with dose reductions, and both later achieved a complete response. Dose‐related toxicities included fatigue (50%), constipation (48%), rash or pruritis (37%), sedation (35%), peripheral edema (29%), tremors (23%), peripheral neuropathy (22%), and orthostasis (16%).CONCLUSIONSThalidomide warrants further evaluation in patients with MMM, particularly in combination regimens, along with the investigation of newer analogs. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
Comparative Sol–Hydro(Solvo)thermal Synthesis of TiO2 Nanocrystals
Authors: Yang Xianfeng , Konishi Hiromi , Xu Huifang , Wu Mingmei 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThree small inorganic compounds [acetic acid (CH3COOH), nitric acid (HNO3), and hydrochloric acid (HCl)] andfive small organic compounds [n‐butyl alcohol (CH3CH2CH2CH2OH), 1,2‐propanediol (CH2OHCHOHCH3), propane‐1,3‐dicarboxylic acid (HOOCCH2COOH), butane‐1,4‐dicarboxylic acid (HOOCCH2CH2COOH), and ethylenediamine (H2NCH2CH2NH2)] with different donors (Cl–, NO3–, OH, COO–, and NH2) are used respectively and comparatively in different reaction media for tailoring the sol–hydrothermal synthesis of TiO2 nanocrystals at a specific reaction temperature and/or for different reaction times. Both anatase and rutile with a variety of nanostructures such as nanocubes, nanorods, nanoneedles, and their self‐assembled nanospheres are selectively grown. Well‐defined and crystalline anatase nanocrystals with a narrow size distribution are prepared in the presence of n‐butyl alcohol. With the use of HCl, nanoneedles and their assembled nanospheres of phase‐pure rutile are obtained under much less drastic conditions, even at 100 °C and for only two hours. The effects of the reaction media, synthesis temperatures, and aging times on the structures and shapes of the products are investigated in detail by powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Synthesis and Characterization of Ternary NH4Ln2F7 (Ln = Y, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu) Nanocages
Authors: Liang Xin , Wang Xun , Wang Leyu , Yan Ruoxue , Peng Qing , Li Yadong 
Published: March 2006

AbstractIn this paper, a new class of NH4Ln2F7 (Ln = Y, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu) inorganic nanocages that has been discovered will be presented. A facile template‐free synthetic route was developed for one step, high yield, and large scale synthesis of ternary NH4Ln2F7 (Ln = Y, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu) nanocages. On the basis of our studies, these nanocages are thermodynamically stable forms of this group of NH4Ln2F7 compounds. The tendency of NH4Ln2F7 (Ln = Y, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu) to form these new‐type nanostructures is believed to have a close relationship with their inherent layered structures, similar to that of inorganic fullerene‐like nanoparticles. This new type of nanocage can be easily doped with other lanthanide ions, which may endow these nanocages with novel properties. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
The k‐piece packing problem
Authors: Hartvigsen David , Hell Pavol , Szabó Jácint 
Published: March 2006

AbstractA k‐piece of a graph G is a connected subgraph of G all of whose nodes have degree at most k and at least one node has degree equal to k. We consider the problem of covering the maximum number of nodes of a graph by node disjoint k‐pieces. When k = 1 this is the maximum matching problem, and when k = 2 this is the problem, recently studied by Kaneko [19[, of covering the maximum number of nodes by disjoint paths of length greater than 1. We present a polynomial time algorithm for the problem as well as a Tutte‐type existence theorem and a Berge‐type min‐max formula. We also solve the problem in the more general situation where the “pieces” are defined in terms of lower and upper bounds on the degrees. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory
The stacked‐X DNA Holliday junction and protein recognition
Authors: Khuu Patricia A. , Voth Andrea Regier , Hays Franklin A. , Ho P. Shing 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe crystal structure of the four‐stranded DNA Holliday junction has now been determined in the presence and absence of junction binding proteins, with the extended open‐X form of the junction seen in all protein complexes, but the more compact stacked‐X structure observed in free DNA. The structures of the stacked‐X junction were crystallized because of an unexpected sequence dependence on the stability of this structure. Inverted repeat sequences that contain the general motif NCC or ANC favor formation of stacked‐X junctions, with the junction cross‐over occurring between the first two positions of the trinucleotides. This review focuses on the sequence dependent structure of the stacked‐X junction and how it may play a role in structural recognition by a class of dimeric junction resolving enzymes that themselves show no direct sequence recognition. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
NEMO binding domain of IKK‐2 encompasses amino acids 735–745
Authors: Strnad Joann , McDonnell Patricia A. , Riexinger Douglas J. , Mapelli Claudio , Cheng Lihong , Gray Hilary , Ryseck Rolf P. , Burke James R. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractNF‐κB activation is mediated by the IKK signalsome. Though this signalsome is comprised of IKK‐1, IKK‐2, and NEMO/IKKγ, it is the interaction between IKK‐2 and NEMO that is critical to formation of a functional signalsome. More specifically, previous reports have indicated that this interaction involves the C‐terminal LDWSWL residues of IKK‐2 (called the Nemo Binding Domain (NBD)) and the N‐terminus of NEMO. In an effort to characterize the IKK‐2:NEMO interaction, we have investigated several NBD‐containing peptides for their ability to bind NEMO and inhibit the critical IKK‐2:NEMO interaction. The six residue NBD peptide, LDWSWL, showed modest binding to NEMO and little inhibition of the IKK‐2:NEMO interaction, whereas peptides containing the NBD plus additional flanking amino acids (NBD‐containing peptides) more effectively bound NEMO and inhibited the interaction. These longer NBD‐containing peptides may be required to give the NBD an appropriate conformation for recognition by NEMO and/or to provide for additional interactions with NEMO. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Secretory products of central nervous system glial cells induce Schwann cell proliferation and protect from cytokine‐mediated death
Authors: Lisak Robert P. , Bealmear Beverly , Nedelkoska Liljana , Benjamins Joyce A. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThere continues to be interest in Schwann cells (SC) as a possible source of myelinating cells for transplantation into the central nervous system (CNS) of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and spinal cord injury. It has been suggested that CNS glial cells interfere with SC migration, survival, maturation, and clinically significant remyelination in the CNS. To investigate the effects of CNS glial cells on SC, we examined the effects of serum‐free supernatants obtained from rat mixed CNS glial cultures on rat neonatal SC cultures. Supernatants from 1‐, 3‐, and 5‐day CNS glial cultures induced proliferation of SC assayed at 5 days in vitro but did not induce SC differentiation as measured by induction of surface expression of galactolipids (GalL). High concentrations of cAMP simulate many of the effects of axolemma on SC; CNS glial cell supernatants did not inhibit cAMP induction of SC differentiation. CNS glial cell supernatants had no apparent effect on SC viability at 48 hr as measured by trypan blue exclusion. We have previously demonstrated that incubation of SC with transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1) + tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) induces SC death via apoptosis. We now show that CNS glial supernatants inhibits TGF‐β1/TNF‐α‐induced SC death. Our data show that soluble products of CNS glial cells do not induce or inhibit SC differentiation or increase cell death but have the potential to increase proliferation of SC and their resistance to cytokine‐mediated death, and thus may affect the outcome of SC transplantation into the CNS. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Secondary progressive in contrast to relapsing‐remitting multiple sclerosis patients show a normal CD4+CD25+ regulatory T‐cell function and FOXP3 expression
Authors: Venken Koen , Hellings Niels , Hensen Karen , Rummens Jean‐Luc , Medaer Robert , D'hooghe Marie B. , Dubois Bénédicte , Raus Jef , Stinissen Piet 
Published: March 2006

AbstractAccumulating evidence indicates an immunosuppressive role for CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) in autoimmune diseases. Although an impaired Treg function in patients with relapsing‐remitting multiple sclerosis (RR‐MS) has been reported recently, no information is available so far about Treg function in the progressive stage of the disease. In the present study, the phenotypic and functional characteristics of CD4+CD25+ T cells isolated from the peripheral blood of patients with RR‐MS and secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SP‐MS) were investigated. No significant quantitative or phenotypic abnormalities in CD4+CD25+ T cells from RR‐ and SP‐MS patients were detected. However, whereas a reduced suppressor function of CD4+CD25+ T cells toward proliferation and interferon‐γ production of CD4+CD25– responder T cells was found in RR‐MS patients, SP‐MS patients showed a normal Treg function. The suppressive capacity of MS‐derived CD4+CD25+ T cells was correlated with disease duration but not with age, indicating that Treg function is more affected in the early phase of the disease process. Consistently with the suppressive capacity, CD4+CD25+ T cells from SP‐MS patients showed normal levels of FOXP3 mRNA in contrast to RR‐MS patients that had a reduced FOXP3 expression. These data are the first to demonstrate differences in function and FOXP3 expression of CD4+CD25+ T cells from patients with RR‐ and SP‐MS. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Achilles Detachment in Rat and Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157: Promoted Tendon‐to‐Bone Healing and Opposed Corticosteroid Aggravation
Authors: Krivic Andrija , Anic Tomislav , Seiwerth Sven , Huljev Dubravko , Sikiric Predrag 
Published: March 2006

AbstractStable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 (BPC 157, as an antiulcer agent in clinical trials for inflammatory bowel disease; PLD‐116, PL 14736, Pliva, no toxicity reported) alone (without carrier) ameliorates healing of tendon and bone, respectively, as well as other tissues. Thereby, we focus on Achilles tendon‐to‐bone healing: tendon to bone could not be healed spontaneously, but it was recovered by this peptide. After the rat's Achilles tendon was sharply transected from calcaneal bone, agents [BPC 157 (10 µg, 10 ng, 10 pg), 6α‐methylprednisolone (1 mg), 0.9% NaCl (5 mL)] were given alone or in combination [/kg body weight (b.w.) intraperitoneally, once time daily, first 30‐min after surgery, last 24 h before analysis]. Tested at days 1, 4, 7, 10, 14, and 21 after Achilles detachment, BPC 157 improves healing functionally [Achilles functional index (AFI) values substantially increased], biomechanically (load to failure, stiffness, and Young elasticity modulus significantly increased), macro/microscopically, immunohistochemistry (better organization of collagen fibers, and advanced vascular appearance, more collagen type I). 6α‐Methylprednisolone consistently aggravates the healing, while BPC 157 substantially reduces 6α‐methylprednisolone healing aggravation. Thus, direct tendon‐to‐bone healing using stabile nontoxic peptide BPC 157 without a carrier might successfully exchange the present reconstructive surgical methods. © 2006 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res
Corroboration of mechanoregulatory algorithms for tissue differentiation during fracture healing: comparison with in vivo results
Authors: Isaksson Hanna , van Donkelaar Corrinus C. , Huiskes Rik , Ito Keita 
Published: March 2006

AbstractSeveral mechanoregulation algorithms proposed to control tissue differentiation during bone healing have been shown to accurately predict temporal and spatial tissue distributions during normal fracture healing. As these algorithms are different in nature and biophysical parameters, it raises the question of which reflects the actual mechanobiological processes the best. The aim of this study was to resolve this issue by corroborating the mechanoregulatory algorithms with more extensive in vivo bone healing data from animal experiments. A poroelastic three‐dimensional finite element model of an ovine tibia with a 2.4 mm gap and external callus was used to simulate the course of tissue differentiation during fracture healing in an adaptive model. The mechanical conditions applied were similar to those used experimentally, with axial compression or torsional rotation as two distinct cases. Histological data at 4 and 8 weeks, and weekly radiographs, were used for comparison. By applying new mechanical conditions, torsional rotation, the predictions of the algorithms were distinguished successfully. In torsion, the algorithms regulated by strain and hydrostatic pressure failed to predict healing and bone formation as seen in experimental data. The algorithm regulated by deviatoric strain and fluid velocity predicted bridging and healing in torsion, as observed in vivo. The predictions of the algorithm regulated by deviatoric strain alone did not agree with in vivo data. None of the algorithms predicted patterns of healing entirely similar to those observed experimentally for both loading modes. However, patterns predicted by the algorithm based on deviatoric strain and fluid velocity was closest to experimental results. It was the only algorithm able to predict healing with torsional loading as seen in vivo. © 2006 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res
Effect of the iliotibial band on knee biomechanics during a simulated pivot shift test
Authors: Yamamoto Yuji , Hsu Wei‐Hsiu , Fisk Jesse A. , Van Scyoc Andrew H. , Miura Kazutomo , Woo Savio L‐Y. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of the iliotibial band (ITB) on the kinematics of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) intact and deficient knees and also on the in situ force in the ACL during a simulated pivot shift test. A combination of 10 N‐m valgus and 5 N‐m internal tibial torques was applied to 10 human cadaveric knees at 15°, 30°, 45°, and 60° of flexion using a robotic/universal force‐moment sensor testing system. ITB forces of 0, 22, 44, and 88 N were also applied. An 88 N ITB force significantly decreased coupled anterior tibial translation of ACL deficient knees by 32%–45% at high flexion angles, but did not have a significant effect at low flexion angles. Further, an 88 N ITB force significantly decreased in situ forces in the ACL at all flexion angles by 23%–40%. These results indicate that during the pivot shift test, the ITB can improve tibial reduction at high flexion angles while not affecting subluxation at low flexion angles. Additionally, the action of the ITB as an ACL agonist suggests that its use as an ACL graft might hinder knee stability in response to rotatory load. © 2006 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res