bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interventional Nephrology and Dialysis: Access Flow Measurement During Surveillance and Percutaneous Transluminal Angioplasty Intervention
Authors: Krivitski Nikolai M. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe introduction of routine access flow measurement methodology has enabled accurate identification of problematic accesses and provided a means for follow‐up evaluation. These methods have uncovered, in some cases, that interventions are either immediately unsuccessful or that they fail within 3 months to maintain flow above preintervention levels. The purpose of this article is to analyze the main problems that occur at each step in the loop of flow surveillance–intervention–follow‐up and to provide suggestions for improving outcomes. Analysis of published access flow data suggests that the main problems lie in the areas of inadequate analysis of flow surveillance data, lack of objective technology for quantifying intervention effectiveness, and lack of follow‐up flow measurements in the hemodialysis (HD) unit after the intervention. The following three recommendations may improve surveillance outcomes: 1) using a reliable access flow technology combined with analysis of all hemodynamic data (including mean arterial pressure) before referring patients for angiography to decrease surveillance false positives; 2) performing intra‐access blood flow measurement during angioplasty, which may improve outcomes by giving warning of errors before the patient leaves the intervention suite. Success achieved in restoring flow as measured during the intervention usually predicts good immediate outcomes in the HD unit; 3) measuring access flows during the next week after angioplasty. If the results are unsatisfactory, the patient should be further evaluated to avoid a potential thrombotic event.
Effect of management measures on glass eel escapement
Authors: Beaulaton Laurent , Briand Cédric 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
Stocks of European eel (Anguilla anguilla) have declined continuously and steadily, since 1980. A model, GEMAC, namely Glass Eel Model to Assess Compliance, has been developed with the objective of assessing anthropogenic impacts on glass eels in estuaries and evaluating the effects of management measures, to support initiatives aimed at helping the eel stocks recover. The model is described and applied to two estuaries with contrasting anthropogenic pressures: the Vilaine and the Garonne. It assesses the proportion of settled glass eels relative to a non-impacted situation with current (%S/R) or pristine recruitment (%S/R0). The estimated %S/R (%S/R0) is 5.5% (1.1%) for the Vilaine and 78% (19%) for the Garonne, in accord with the different levels of anthropogenic pressure in these two estuaries. A sensitivity analysis shows that the assessment of %S/R is accurate, and that in a data-poor context, the %S/R is under-assessed, as required by the precautionary approach. Seven management scenarios are explored all aiming to halve the anthropogenic pressure, but in fact leading to different levels of glass eel escapement, from almost zero to a 13-fold increase. This variation emphasizes the need for the estuarine context of eel stock management to be carefully evaluated for effectiveness when implementing management measures.
Silver eel migration behaviour in the Baltic
Authors: Westerberg Håkan , Lagenfelt Ingvar , Svedäng Henrik 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
Westerberg, H., Lagenfelt, I., and Svedäng, H. 2007. Silver eel migration behaviour in the Baltic. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 64: 1457–1462 Female silver eels (Anguilla anguilla L.) were tagged with data storage tags and released in the Baltic Sea at the same time at a single site on the east coast of Sweden. Data on temperature, light, and depth were obtained from six eels, continuous records for 71 d at sea. The swimming behaviour was similar for all fish, almost stereotyped: swimming activity was between dusk and dawn, starting at a light level corresponding to civic twilight and ending in the morning at generally the same light level. During daylight, the eels rested on the seabed at depths of 2–36 m. Swimming depth was typically close to the surface: up to 95% of swimming time was spent within 0.5 m of the surface. Short dives at irregular intervals (some 1–2 h−1) were made down to the thermocline depth, or occasionally, to the seabed. The duration of such dives were typically 5–10 min. Although only a few days at liberty, the eels had migrated a considerable distance between recapture and release sites, indicating a mean rate of travel of ∼16 km d−1. The recapture positions suggested unidirectional movements towards the southwestern Baltic Sea, i.e. close to the straits leading to the ocean, supporting a belief that the recorded movements were related to eel spawning migratory behaviour.
Effect of El Niño on migration and larval transport of the Japanese eel (Anguilla japonica)
Authors: Kim Heeyong , Kimura Shingo , Shinoda Akira , Kitagawa Takashi , Sasai Yoshikazu , Sasaki Hideharu 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
Kim, H., Kimura, S., Shinoda, A., Kitagawa, T., Sasai, Y., and Sasaki, H. 2007. Effect of El Niño on migration and larval transport of the Japanese eel (Anguilla japonica). – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 64: –. To clarify the effect of an El Niño on the migration of Japanese eels (Anguilla japonica) in the western North Pacific, differences in migration patterns of eel larvae (leptocephali) in El Niño and non-El Niño years were compared qualitatively through a numerical particle-tracking model. Depending on interannual meridional displacements of the salinity front and bifurcation of the North Equatorial Current, transport of Japanese eel larvae to the Kuroshio was much less than to the Mindanao Current in an El Niño year, and recruitment to coastal habitats in Japan decreased in those years. In non-El Niño years, transport to the Kuroshio was twice as high, and recruitment to coastal habitats increased. If the spawning area of eels was independent of El Niño, transport differences between the two currents were not clear. In the western North Pacific, mesoscale eddies also played a significant role in dispersing eel larvae and prolonging their migration. Consequently, the changing oceanic conditions associated with climate change have resulted in decreased recruitment of Japanese eels, and the eddy effect on migration of the Japanese eel larvae needs to be added into the North Equatorial Current–Kuroshio system.
On the application of models of European eel (Anguilla anguilla) production and escapement to the development of Eel Management Plans: the River Severn
Authors: Aprahamian M. W. , Walker A. M. , Williams B. , Bark A. , Knights B. 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
Aprahamian, M. W., Walker, A. M., Williams, B., Bark, A., and Knights, B. 2007. On the application of models of European eel (Anguilla anguilla) production and escapement to the development of Eel Management Plans: the River Severn. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 64: 1472–1482. The European eel stock has declined significantly since the 1980s, and the Eel Recovery Plan of the European Commission requires Member States to develop river basin Eel Management Plans (EMPs) that will achieve an escapement of silver eels that equals or exceeds 40% of the escapement biomass that would be produced in the absence of human activities. However, because silver eel escapement is not quantified within the UK, a modelling approach is required to estimate potential and actual escapement, and to assess the likely effects of management measures. We focus on two approaches developed in the UK, the Reference Condition Model (RCM) and the Scenario-based Model for Eel Populations (SMEP), and illustrate how such approaches can be used in EMPs using selected data from the River Severn. The RCM results indicate that the yellow eel population in the River Severn basin may be just 30–40% of the potential density indicated by reference conditions derived from a selection of rivers between the late 1970s and the early 1980s. The challenges of applying a model designed to be as realistic of eel production as possible, and the limited data on natural eel habitat and eel production in the Severn, preclude a SMEP analysis similar to that of the RCM, but simulations based on a simplified basin description and eel survey data from the early 1980s illustrate the potential of this model to assess compliance and test management scenarios.
A note on non-random error structure in trawl survey abundance indices
Authors: Cordue Patrick L. 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
Cordue, P. L. 2007. A note on non-random error structure in trawl survey abundance indices. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 64: 1333–1337. Trawl survey time-series are routinely used in stock assessments to provide indices of relative abundance. There is the general assumption, for each year y, that the expected value of the trawl survey index (Xy) is related to the biomass (By) by a single proportionality constant q: E(Xy) = qBy. In reality, the constant q varies due to many factors. An important factor, which is almost always ignored, is the role that non-trawlable ground can play in the variation of q. A general formula is derived for the q of a stratified random trawl survey. When the survey area contains non-trawlable ground, strata-specific data on the proportion of non-trawlable ground and on the preference of the species for trawlable/non-trawlable ground is required to weight stratum estimates correctly. In the absence of the correct stratum weights, a shift in the spatial distribution of the stock can combine with differing proportions of non-trawlable ground to introduce non-random error and possibly spurious trends into biomass indices. Each survey and species/stock should be considered on a case-by-case basis. A stratum-specific assessment of the proportion of non-trawlable ground is a pre-requisite for the production of trawl survey biomass indices.
Effect of Glyphosate Application on Hagberg Falling Number of Wheat
Authors: Craven M. , Barnard A. , Labuschagne M. T. 
Published: October 2007

ABSTRACTA study was conducted to investigate management of Hagberg Falling Number (HFN) by creating more homogenous wheat through glyphosate applications at soft and hard dough stages individually, without compromising wheat quality. The effect of the treatments varied over cultivars and seasons. Thousand kernel mass (2003/04), hectolitre mass (2003/04 and 2004/05), and protein content (2003/04 and 2004/05) were negatively affected by soft dough stage treatments for all three cultivars included in the study. Days to harvest and growing degree days were significantly reduced with the soft dough treatment. Yield and preharvest sprouting were not affected. α‐Amylase activity varied over season, cultivar, and treatment. HFN measured for Tugela‐DN treated at soft dough stage produced a significantly higher HFN compared with the control (2004/05). None of the other cultivars at the various treatments indicated any HFN response to glyphosate application. Germination was severely affected by soft dough stage glyphosate application in the first year of evaluation. Studies into the effect of the various treatments on the repeatability of the HFN test, indicated that glyphosate treatment managed to produce a certain amount of stability for two of the three cultivars, but the treatment that resulted in the stability varied between seasons.
Textural Studies of Stored Corn Tortillas with Added Xanthan Gum
Authors: Román‐Brito José A. , Agama‐Acevedo Edith , Méndez‐Montealvo Guadalupe , Bello‐Pérez Luis A. 
Published: October 2007

ABSTRACTNixtamalized corn flour for tortilla preparation had added xanthan gum at different concentrations. Rollability, puncture, and extensibility tests using a texture analyzer machine measured the effect of xanthan gum on the staling of corn tortillas. Rollability, puncture, and extensibility tests were simple, fast, and repeatable. The rollability parameters showed that the addition of gum produced more flexible tortillas with decreased staling. The addition of hydrocolloid decreased the force required to penetrate the tortilla, but this parameter was slightly increased when storage time increased. The parameters determined in the extensibility test showed textural differences because the fresh tortillas had a higher distance of extensibility and this parameter decreased when storage time increased. Untreated stored tortillas presented a higher modulus of deformation, work, and rupture force values. However, the addition of xanthan gum decreased these values. The addition of hydrocolloid to tortilla decreased the hardness and increased the flexibility and rubbery characteristics of tortillas.
Data Analysis Methods for Fluorescence Imaging with One-Nanometer Accuracy (FIONA)
Authors: Selvin Paul R. , Lougheed Tyler , Tonks Hoffman Melinda , Park Hyokeun , Balci Hamza , Blehm Benjamin H. , Toprak Erdal 
Published: October 2007

INTRODUCTIONFIONA, short for fluorescence imaging with one-nanometer accuracy, is a simple method for achieving localization of single (or single groups of) fluorophores with nanometer accuracy in the xy plane. Data analysis of a FIONA experiment requires the use of several software programs. Data must be acquired and exported into a proper format before analysis can take place. This article describes various options for data analysis.
Propidium Iodide Staining of Drosophila Embryos
Authors: Rothwell Wendy F. , Sullivan William 
Published: October 2007

INTRODUCTIONDrosophila embryos can be stained with specific fluorescent probes or antibodies through either direct or indirect immunofluorescence. In particular, several effective probes exist for visualizing DNA. Propidium iodide (PI), a stain commonly used to visualize nucleic acids, is added directly to the mounting medium. Before staining with PI, the embryos must be treated with RNase to remove the RNA. This protocol presents methods for staining Drosophila embryos with PI, as well as for the subsequent mounting and storage of samples.
Imaging Microglia in Live Brain Slices and Slice Cultures
Authors: Kurpius Dana , Dailey Michael E. 
Published: October 2007

INTRODUCTIONThis protocol describes methods for fluorescence labeling and time-lapse confocal imaging of microglia in acutely prepared tissue slices from developing and adult animals, and to slice cultures derived from early post-natal day 7 (<PND7) animals. The techniques permit real-time analyses of microglial structure and dynamic remodeling in live rodent brain tissues.
Imaging Zinc in Brain Slices: Figure 1.
Authors: Kay Alan R. 
Published: October 2007

INTRODUCTIONThis protocol provides a practical guide to imaging zinc within synaptic vesicles and the extracellular space of brain slices. Certain glutamatergic synaptic terminals in the brain have high concentrations of exchangeable Zn2+ within their synaptic vesicles. Classically, these terminals have been revealed by Timm’s histochemical stain. More recently, a number of fluorimetric probes have become available that allow Zn2+ to be detected in live preparations. This protocol describes two methods, one for visualizing Zn2+ in synaptic vesicles, and another for detecting Zn2+ in the extracellular space. These methods are applicable to any tissue with the high levels of loosely bound Zn2+ that are typically found in vesicles, and tissue that might have Zn2+ associated with macromolecules in the extracellular space.
Constructing Sample Chambers for Fluorescence Imaging with One-Nanometer Accuracy (FIONA): Figure 1.
Authors: Selvin Paul R. , Lougheed Tyler , Tonks Hoffman Melinda , Park Hyokeun , Balci Hamza , Blehm Benjamin H. , Toprak Erdal 
Published: October 2007

INTRODUCTIONFIONA, short for fluorescence imaging with one-nanometer accuracy, is a simple method for achieving localization of single (or single groups of) fluorophores with nanometer accuracy in the xy plane. This protocol provides details on constructing an inexpensive sample chamber for use in single-molecule FIONA experiments and two methods for cleaning slides and coverslips.
Fluorescence Imaging with One-Nanometer Accuracy (FIONA) of Cy3-DNA under Deoxygenation Conditions
Authors: Selvin Paul R. , Lougheed Tyler , Tonks Hoffman Melinda , Park Hyokeun , Balci Hamza , Blehm Benjamin H. , Toprak Erdal 
Published: October 2007

INTRODUCTIONFIONA, short for fluorescence imaging with one-nanometer accuracy, is a simple method for achieving localization of single (or single groups of) fluorophores with nanometer accuracy in the xy plane. This protocol provides the steps necessary to run a control experiment, using DNA labeled with Cy3, to assess the efficacy of the FIONA setup and the level of attainable resolution. The Cy3-DNA is immobilized on a coverslip and imaged under deoxygenation conditions. It is important that the fluorophores remain photostable throughout the experiment. This requires an oxygen-scavenging system (e.g., glucose oxidase and catalase) in the medium.
The Storting Election of 1977: Realignment or Return to Normalcy?
Authors: Valen Henry 
Published: October 2007

The Storting election of 1977 produced great changes in the partisan distribution of the vote compared with the preceding election of 1973. The latter, the most deviating election in Norway after World War 11, took place one year after the referendum concerning Norway's entry into the European Communities, and the EC issue still dominated the political scene. While on the surface the election of 1977 restored the situation that existed before the EC dispute started, some notable changes are nevertheless evident.The article provides the details of these trends and discusses the causes and some possible consequences. It presents an initial analysis of the 1977 elections in Noway and the political context in which it took place.*
Helgeandsholmen and Beyond: Center and Periphery in Sweden*
Authors: Lindstrōm Ulf 
Published: October 2007

Ever since the electoral turmoil of the early seventies, Scandinavia has been a market for alternative models. And, indeed, the left‐right conflict dimension has fallen short of accounting for everything as evidenced by, for instance, the recent breakdown of the three‐party bourgeois coalition government in Sweden.This paper focuses on the conflict structure in Swedish politics, mainly the genesis of the center‐periphery dimension.Methodological ambiguity in diffusion studies of the center‐periphery conflict is illustrated through some empirical data. It is argued that the Green Wave should not be seen as a manifestation of an allegedly latent center‐periphery cleavage, nor be construed as a sign of major transitions in Swedish politics. Explanations are offered as to why the comparatively strong counter‐cultural movements (the free churches and the temperance movement) never managed to secure a party of their own.
The Electoral Basis of the Icelandic Independence Party, 1929–1944*
Authors: Kristjánsson Svanur 
Published: October 2007

This article deals with the electoral basis of the largest political party in Iceland, the Independence Party (IP), in its formation period. Almost all capitalists and white collar workers supported the IP, as well as a little less than half of farmers and a minority of manual workers. Women also favoured the party more than males. The article seeks to explain the IP's electoral support with reference to structural features of Icelandic society, ideology, and the heritage of Iceland's struggle for independence from Denmark.The IP is furthest to the right on the socioeconomic spectrum of Icelandic politics; in its heterogeneous voting support and ideology of nationalism and class unity, the IP resembles such political parties as the Christian Democratic Union in West Germany and the Conservative Party in Britain rather than the Liberal and Conservative parties in Scandinavia.
Towards a New Typology of Party Lifespans and Minor Parties
Authors: Pedersen Mogens N. 
Published: October 2007

Minor and new parties tend to be forgotten by analysts of parties and party systems. Good as well as bad reasons account for this neglect. The neglect ought, however, to be remedied, since it can be argued that minor, and especially new minor, parties play an important role in the transformation of party systems.On the basis of a ‘broad’ definition of the concept of political party it is suggested that it is worthwhile to look upon parties as mortal organizations bounded by a lifespan. The lifespan of a party can be described by means of four threshold concepts, and it is further argued that lifespan curves can be studied in terms of their modality, dispersion, flatness, and skewness.A number of questions are derived from these concepts. A new typology of minor parties and of party lifespans may be generated from this approach.
The Demand for Referendum: When Does It Arise and when Does It Succeed?*
Authors: Björklund Tor 
Published: October 2007

The purpose of this article is to try to discern certain general features in the origins of the demands for referenda, and why these demands succeed or fail. A distinction is drawn between (a) the demand for a referendum on a certain issue and (b) the demand to amend the constitution to allow for referenda of one form or other.(a) Nation‐wide referenda are rare almost everywhere, but demands for referenda arise more frequently. The article argues there are often regularities in the way these demands arise. A request for a referendum on one specific issue can be regarded as a minority weapon. Those who have had their standpoint voted down demand a referendum. If their demand is to succeed, two conditions are important: parties which are split and strong commitment on the part of the voters. To understand why an original minority weapon can get support from the majority, two functions of the demand for referendum are central: the function as a mediation device and as a lightning rod.(b) Concerning interest in the introduction of the referendum as a more or less regular principle of government, we find that referendum enthusiasts often share a similar ideology or view of society. The most central catchword here is antiparty sentiment.
Organizations and Pluralist Democracy
Authors: Engberg Jan , Giolund Janerik 
Published: October 2007

The ideal conception of pluralist democracy can be seen as a schematic picture of actual conditions. On the local level ‐ in the municipalities ‐ there are a number of variants of pluralism. If local political systems can be assumed to be of varying character, it stands to reason that the roles of organizations in those sub‐systems can also vary.The following three general conclusions concerning the role of organizations in Swedish municipal politics are supported by our empirical findings:(1) A heterogeneous pattern of values in a municipality promotes the development of an arrangement in which organizations predominantly assume the role of political opposition.(2) The interaction between municipalities and organizations is a function of the pattern of local political values. The more heterogeneous this pattern, the more frequent are politically oriented contacts.(3) Increased overlap of the social, the economic and the political arenas, and a more incrementalist decision‐making structure in modern municipalities, creates greater incentives for the formation of organizations.There should not be any doubt about the fact that the amalgamation reforms contributed to the creation of a more differentiated and multifaced structure of organizations. Hence, it could be said that the amalgamation reforms together with other structural factors are in the long run positively correlated with pluralism!‘Whatever progress may come in the future, anyone attempting today to give a systematic account of organizational behavior, especially of politically relevant behavior, cannot pretend he is offering a theory in any strict sense. At best, he can offer a theoretical perspective, a way of looking at organizations that directs attention persuasively to a few central processes that seem to explain (though not predict, in any scientific sense) a wide variety of phenomena.’ (Wilson 1973. 13).