bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Activity of thymidylate synthetase, thymidine kinase and galactokinase in primary and xenografted human colorectal cancers in relation to their chromosomal patterns
Authors: Bardot V. , Luccioni C. , Lefrançois D. , Muleris M. , Dutrillaux B. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe relationship between chromosome anomalies and metabolic modifications in human colorectal cancers grafted into nude mice was studied. Two distinct chromosomal patterns have been demonstrated i.e., monosomic type (MT) characterized by multiple chromosome losses or deletions always involving chromosome 18, and trisomic type (TT) characterized by progressive gains of chromosomes. Grafted tumors conserve original karyotypes observed on corresponding primary tumors. Most changes involve the loss of chromosomes carrying genes encoding for enzymes of the de novo pathways and the gain of chromosomes carrying genes encoding for enzymes of the salvage pathways of nucleotide synthesis. In MT tumors the long arm (q) of chromosome 17 is frequently duplicated in association with a deletion of the short arm, forming an isochromosome 17q. The activities of 3 enzymes, thymidylate synthetase (TS) mapped on chromosome 18, thymidine kinase (TK) and galactokinase (GalK), both mapped on chromosome 17q, were studied. TS is a de novo enzyme and TK and GalK are salvage enzymes. A clear correlation could be demonstrated between tumor types and enzyme activities: MT tumors had lower TS and higher TK and GalK activities than TT tumors. These differences were too large to result from a gene dosage effect only. These data suggest that serial studies on grafted colorectal cancers give a better representation of metabolic disturbances than studies on fresh tumor samples, usually contaminated by non‐cancerous cells.
Detection of HPV DNA in neoplastic and non‐neoplastic cervical specimens from pakistan and japan by non‐isotopic in situ hybridization
Authors: Anwar Khurshid , Inuzuka Manabu , Shiraishi Taizo , Nakakuki Kazuya 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn order to determine the prevalence and type‐specific distribution of human papillomavirus (HPV) in women from Pakistan, a country with a low cervical cancer rate (hospital‐based data), and to compare these results with their counterparts in Japan, we studied 56 non‐neoplastic cervical tissues and 162 cervical carcinoma cases from both countries. HPV infection was defined by in situ hybridization in paraffin‐embedded tissues using biotinylated HPV 6/11, 16 and 18 probes. The overall positivity rates in non‐neoplastic and neoplastic cervical tissues from Pakistan were 33% and 88%, while in those from Japan the rates were 46% and 80%, respectively. High‐risk HPVs (16 & 18) were found in 17% of the non‐neoplastic specimens and in 69% of cervical carcinoma cases from Pakistan, while Japanese figures in this respect were 19% and 68%, respectively. No correlation was found between the type‐specific distribution or prevalence of HPV and the geographic location of the cases examined in the 2 countries. However, in comparison to Japanese women, the incidence of HPV‐16‐positive cervical carcinoma in Pakistani women decreased significantly (p < 0.05) in the oldest age group as compared to the youngest age group.
Smoking and peripheral type of cancer are related to high levels of pulmonary cytochrome P450IA in lung cancer patients
Authors: Anttila Sisko , Hietanen Eino , Vainio Hard , Camus Anne‐Marie , Gelboin Harry V. , Park Sang S. , Heikkilä Lasse , Karjalainen Antti , Bartsch Helmut 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA specific member of the cytochrome P450 super‐family of enzymes, designated P450IA (including 2 isozymes, P450IAI and P450IA2), which is involved in the metabolic activation of polycyciic aromatic hydrocarbons and aromatic amines, was studied in lung tissue from 25 lung cancer patients by immunohistochemistry. The pulmonary activity of a P450IAI‐dependent enzyme, aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH), from the same patients was also measured. Cytochrome P4S0IA was localized principally in the peripheral airways in alveolar epithelium of types I and II and in ciliated columnar and cuboidal bronchiolar epithelium. The amount of P450IA in the bronchial wall was minimal and was localized mainly in the capillary endothelium and the epithelium of the bronchial glands. Smoking was the most important factor related to the presence of P450IA and the AHH activity in lung tissue. None of the 10 ex‐smokers, but all except I of the current smokers had detectable levels of P450IA. The localization of the cancer was also correlated with the presence of cytochrome P450IA. Peripheral lung tissue stained positively in all patients with a peripheral adenocarcinoma who currently smoked (8/8) but in less than half of those with a bronchial cancer who were smokers (3/7). Our data suggest that the smokers who have an inducible cytochrome P450IA are especially at increased risk of developing lung cancer of the peripheral adenocarcinomatous type.
Assessment of proliferative activity in carcinomas of the human alimentary tract by Ki‐67 immunostaining
Authors: Porschen Rainer , Kriegel Anja , Langen Christa , Classen Susanne , Hilse Martina , Lohe Bernd , Hengels Klaus‐Jürgen , Borchard Franz 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe monoclonal antibody (MAb) Ki‐67, which is directed against a proliferation‐associated nuclear antigen, was used to measure tumor proliferation in 165 carcinomas of the esophagus, stomach, colon and rectum with an indirect immunoperoxidase technique. The percentage of Ki‐67‐positive tumor cells (Ki‐67 index) was evaluated with the point‐counting method. The Ki‐67 index in gastric cancers (mean, 24.8%; standard deviation, 11.1%) was significantly lower than in tumors of the esophagus (35.7 ± 12.6%), colon (37.6 ± 15.2%), and rectum (34.3 ± 16.4%). A wide range of the Ki‐67 index (5.9‐75.3%) could be observed within the various tumor types. In recurrent colorectal carcinomas, the Ki‐67 index significantly increased to 51.9%. The Ki‐67 index was independent of pathologic (e.g., TNM‐stage, grading, tumor volume, tumor site) and clinical variables (age and gender of the patients). A marked heterogeneity of Ki‐67 expression within different tumor stages was noted. Statistically significant regional variations in tumor proliferation existed between different areas within the same tumor.
Benign breast disease and breast cancer: A case‐control study in a cohort in italy
Authors: Palli Domenico , Turco Marco Rosselli Del , Simoncini Roberta , Bianchi Simonetta 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSixty‐two cases of invasive breast cancer were identified in a large cohort of women previously treated for biopsy‐proven benign breast disease (BBD) at the Breast Unit of CSPO, in Florence, along with a group of 315 controls, strictly matched by age and year of diagnosis. A pathologist reviewed and reclassified all the original BBD slides according to recently proposed criteria (no evidence of epithelial proliferation, epithelial proliferation without or with atypia). Information about potential confounding factors was collected during personal interviews. In comparison to the women with „non‐proliferative”︁ BBD, women classified as having „proliferative disease without atypia”︁ showed a weak and non‐significant increase in risk (OR 1.3; 95% CI: 0.5‐3.5). In contrast, women with „atypical hyperplasia”︁ were at very high risk of developing breast cancer (OR 13.0; 95% CI: 4.1‐41.7). When planning mammography screening or other large‐scale early‐diagnosis programmes for breast cancer in the general female population, follow‐up of high‐risk subgroups of BBD patients should be considered.
Human papillomavirus types 16 and 33, herpes simplex virus type 2 and other risk factors for cervical cancer in sichuan province, china
Authors: Peng Hongqi , Liu Shanling , Mann Valerie , Rohan Thomas , Rawls William 
Published: February 2007

AbstractCancer of the cervix is relatively common in China, but has been investigated epidemiologically in only a few studies. In the hospital‐based case‐control study reported here, we investigated the role of various lifestyle and dietary factors, as well as infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) types 16 and 33 and herpes simplex virus type 2 in the aetiology of invasive cervical cancer. The study was conducted in Sichuan province, and involved 101 cases with histologically‐confirmed cervical cancer recruited from the gynaecological oncology clinic of the West China University Hospital, and 146 controls recruited from patients attending the gynaecology clinic of the same hospital. Risk of cervical cancer was greatly increased in association with infection with HPV 16/33, the adjusted odds ratio for those with evidence of infection being 32.9 (95% Cl 7.7‐141.1). In contrast, infection with HSV 2 was not associated with a significantly altered risk of cervical cancer. Indices of sexual history and of dietary habits also showed no association with risk of cervical cancer, while good personal and genital hygiene were associated with markedly reduced risk. Although the results of this study are consistent with a causal role for HPV in the aetiology of cervical cancer, bias or increased viral expression following malignant transformation cannot be excluded as explanations for the strong positive association.
A novel prostate carcinoma‐associated glycoprotein complex (PAC) recognized by monoclonal antibody turp‐27
Authors: Wright George L. , Beckett Mary Lou , Lipford Grayson B. , Haley Cara L. , Schellhammer Paul F. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA prostate carcinoma‐associated antigen recognized by MAb TURP‐27 was characterized immunohistochemically and biochemically. TURP‐27 antigen was found localized in the cell membrane and cytoplasm of the ductal epithelial cells of normal (10%), benign (75‐100%) and malignant (20‐100%) prostate cells. Fetal prostate tissues were also found to express the TURP‐27 antigen, suggesting expression early in development. This antigen was not expressed by non‐prostate tumors examined, but significant cross‐reactivity was observed in myelinated nerves while minor cross‐reactivity was seen in certain lymphocyte subsets, cells in the adrenal medulla and chief cells of stomach. Immunoblotting and biochemical data demonstrated that the TURP‐27 antigen is a sialic‐acid‐containing glycoprotein complex with major molecular species in prostate tissues of 310‐250, 180, 140, 115, 95‐90,69, and 40‐ to 35‐kDa. Immunoblotting patterns similar to those observed for prostate tissues were also seen in CNS extracts with the exception of the 69 and 40‐ to 35‐kDa proteins. This prostate carcinoma‐associated sialoglycoprotein complex (PAC) recognized by MAb TURP‐27 is likely to represent a novel tumor antigen expressed by prostate tumors.
Inhibition by putrescine of experimental carcinogenesis in rat colon induced by azoxymethane
Authors: Tatsuta Masaharu , Iishi Hiroyasu , Baba Miyako , Ichii Makoto , Nakaizumi Akihiko , Uehara Hiroyuki , Taniguchi Haruo 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe effects of putrescine on the incidence and number of colon tumors induced by azoxymethane, and on the labelling index and the activity of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) in the colon mucosa were investigated in Wistar rats. Rats received 10 weekly injections of 7.4 mg/kg body weight of azoxymethane and i.p. injections of 300 μmol/kg body weight of putrescine every 2 days until the end of the experiment at week 40. This prolonged treatment with putrescine significantly reduced the incidence and number of colon tumors. Administration of putrescine also significantly decreased the labelling index and the ODC activity in the colon mucosa during, but not after, treatment with the carcinogen. These last effects may be related to the action of putrescine in inhibiting the development of colonic tumors.
Role of the extracellular matrix on the growth and differentiated phenotype of murine colonic adenocarcinoma cells in vitro
Authors: Walling Jackie M. , Blackmore Melanie , Hickman John A. , Townsend K. M. Stuart 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe growth and differentiation characteristics of MAC 15 murine adenocarcinoma cells, derived from routine passage in vivo for growth in vitro on a plastic substrate (MACI5J cells), were compared under conditions in which the cells were seeded onto a substrate of type‐1 collagen which was either attached to plastic or was released to float free in medium. Cells grown on a plastic substrate consisted of a heterogeneous, largely anaplastic population with a putative en‐terocytic morphology but with no evidence of junctional complexes or cell polarity typical of an epithelial phenotype. MAC 15j cells from cultures grown on a plastic substrate reestablished a moderate to well‐defined degree of differentiation when transplanted back into NMRI mice. When MAC 15j cells were seeded from plastic onto type‐1 collagen, either attached to plastic or free‐floating, tight junctional complexes were formed and the cells began to attain a more recognizable, columnar and polarised epithelial morphology. Cells grown on a type‐1 collagen gel which was free‐floating showed a selective expression of alkaline phosphatase at the apical surfaces of approximately 10% of the cells. This expression was detectable by electron microscope histochemistry but could not be detected biochemically. Treatment of MAC 15j cells grown on a released collagen matrix with tetramethyl‐urea (20mM) accelerated the expression of alkaline phosphatase activity at the apical surface as detected by microscopy.
Urban and rural factors in the aetiology of cancer
Authors: Doll Richard 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe incidence of cancer, or the mortality attributed to it, has been compared in urban and rural residents in 13 populations. In each case, the incidence (or mortality) has been higher in the urban areas in each sex, the ratios varying from a minimum of 1.03 to I in men in Japan to 1.63 to I in men in Denmark. Examination of 26 separate types of cancer showed that 23 tended to be more common in towns, I (myeloma) to be evenly distributed, and 2 (cancers of the lip and eye) to be more common in the countryside. The urban excess was greatest for cancers of the bladder, larynx, liver, lung, mouth and pharynx, and oesophagus, and least for leukaemia and non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma. It is concluded that differences in personal behaviour (cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, sexual promiscuity, exposure to ultraviolet light, type of diet, and family size) are the principal factors responsible for the urban excess. Other factors include general atmospheric pollution, occupational hazards, genetic differences in susceptibility, and artefacts of diagnosis and recording. The rural excess was marked for cancer of the lip in both sexes, but less marked and clearly evident only in men for cancer of the eye. Three‐quarters of eye cancers are melanomas and the excess incidence in rural areas provides some weak support for the idea that exposure to sunlight contributes to the production of the disease.
Comparative analysis of the expression of the extracellular matrix protein tenascin in normal human fetal, adult and tumor tissues
Authors: Natali Pier Giorgio , Nicotra Maria Rita , Bigotti Aldo , Botti Claudio , Castellani Patrizia , Risso Anna Maria , Zardi Luciano 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTenascin (TN) is a high‐molecular‐mass oligomeric glycoprotein of the extracellular matrix (ECM) endowed with a programmed expression in embryonic life and a neo‐expression in the interstitium of some malignancies. Using monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) which identify human tenascin, we have conducted an extensive immunohistochemical analysis of TN expression in normal fetal and adult human tissues as well as in a wide variety of human tumors. Results of this study demonstrate that TN (1) is detectable in embryonic and fetal tissues at least from the 10th week of gestation; (2) is present in the interstitium of a variety of adult tissues of different embryonic origin; (3) may be neo‐expressed in the stroma of benign and malignant tumors; (4) has the ability to accumulate in a highly variable manner in the ECM of tumors of the same and of different histotypes.
Estradiol modulation of plasminogen activator production in organ cultures of human breast carcinomas: Correlation with clinical outcome of anti‐estrogen therapy
Authors: Mira‐Y‐Lopez Rafael , Osborne Michael P. , Depalo Angelo J. , Ossowski Liliana 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe have studied the estradiol sensitivity of primary human breast carcinomas in organ culture in a prospective pilot series of 109 tumors. The effect on plasminogen activator (PA) production was used as the end‐point of estrogen action. We found that: (i) All tumors secreted detectable levels of urokinase‐type PA (uPA); the level of basal uPA production was markedly heterogeneous but showed a weak association with the level of estrogen receptor positivity (p = 0.049). (ii) Only 23.5% of the tumors secreted tissue‐type PA (tPA) in addition to uPA; a higher proportion of these tumors had histological characteristics indicative of good prognosis (18% vs. 3% of tumors secreting only uPA). (iii) Estradiol modulated uPA production and this effect was receptor‐mediated, (iv) Responsiveness to estradiol was limited to a subset (25 of 60 or 41.7%) of estrogen and progesterone‐receptor‐positive tumors, (v) Of 20 evaluable patients with lymph‐node and receptor‐positive breast cancer who received adjuvant anti‐estrogen therapy, 11 were identified as estradiol‐sensitive by the in vitro PA assay; of these, 10 had no evidence of disease after a median follow‐up period of 3+ years. In contrast, of 9 patients with tumors identified as estradiol‐insensitive, 4 developed metastases within 3+ years of follow‐up. (vi) Consistent with the previously reported inhibitory effect of corticosteroids on uPA production in organ cultures of human tumors, the basal culture level of uPA produced by tumors from patients receiving corticosteroids at the time of surgery was significantly lower than the level of uPA in the remaining tumors (p = 0.029). Also, tumors from patients receiving thyroid hormone, known to stimulate uPA in vitro, showed a slight trend toward increased production of uPA. These results show that hormone effects on tumor PA production are qualitatively similar in organ culture and in the host. This and the emerging individual correlation between sensitivity to estradiol in vitro, as determined by PA, and the clinical effectiveness of anti‐estrogen therapy, underscore the potential usefulness of the organ culture approach.
c‐erbB‐2 and ras expression levels in breast cancer are correlated and show a co‐operative association with unfavorable clinical outcome
Authors: Dati Claudio , Muraca Roberto , Tazartes Ornella , Antoniotti Susanna , Perroteau Isabelle , Giai Maurizia , Cortese Paolo , Sismondi Piero , Saglio Giuseppe , De Bortoli Michele 
Published: February 2007

Abstractc‐erbB‐2 and ras expression was measured on tumor extracts from 132 human primary breast carcinomas, by immunoblotting analysis. Expression of the c‐erbB‐2‐encoded p 185 protein was observed in 39% of the samples and found to correlate with c‐erbB‐2 gene amplification, detected by Southern analysis in 19 of the 77 available tumor DNAs. P185 expression was linked to the absence of progesterone receptors, but it was not related to lymph‐node status or to other clinico‐pathological parameters. Levels of the ras‐encoded p2l proteins higher than in normal breast tissues were found in 71% of the samples. No significant correlation was seen between p21 level and the available clinical parameters. Conversely, there was a strong positive correlation between p2l and p185 levels. Analysis of follow‐up data revealed that p185 expression was associated with a shorter time to relapse and death. Most notably, the contemporaneous expression of p 185 and of high p21 levels was more effective than p185 expression alone in identifying cases with poor prognosis. The prognostic value of p185/p21 co‐expression was particularly significant in progesterone‐receptor‐positive tumors. Our data suggest that c‐erbB‐2 and ras may act synergistically to endow breast‐tumor cells with a highly aggressive phenotype.
Distribution of basement membrane antigens in human esophageal lesions: An immunohistochemical study
Authors: Mori Masaki , Shimono Reishi , Kido Akinori , Kuwano Hiroyuki , Akazawa Kouhei , Sugimachi Keizo 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe distribution of basement membrane components, type‐IV collagen and laminin, was studied immunohistochemically in human samples of normal, hyperplastic, dysplastic and carcinomatous esophageal tissue. The expression of basement membrane components in normal, hyperplastic, and mildly and moderately dysplastic mucosa was characterized by a thick, continuous and linear staining pattern. In severe dysplasia and carcinoma in situ, the basement membrane was thinner and occasionally discontinuous. The distribution of basement membrane in invasive carcinomas varied greatly; well‐differentiated, cohesive tumors had a basement membrane, however, poorly‐differentiated tumors showing irregular cords, or individual cell infiltration, lacked this membrane at the tumor‐stromal interface. Many moderately‐differentiated tumors showed probable immature assembly of basement membrane components. The expression of basement membrane was also influenced by the extent of stromal inflammation. The absence or presence (staining pattern) of basement membrane components in esophageal squamous‐cell carcinoma did not correlate with the survival rate, but did correlate with the histologic differentiation of epithelial organization.
Expression of α‐sooth‐muscle actin in stromal cells of the uterine cervix during epithlial neoplastic changes
Authors: Cintorino Marcella , De Marco Esther Bellizzi , Leoncini Paolo , Tripodi Sergio A. , Ramaekers Frans C. , Sappino André P. , Schmitt‐Gräff Annette , Gabbiani Giulio 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA total of 55 formalin‐fixed and paraffin‐embedded specimens of normal, inflamed and neoplastic uterine cervix have been studied in order to correlate the epithelial changes with the expression of α‐smooth‐muscle actin in stromal cells. This actin isoform is typical of smooth‐muscle cells, but appears also temporarily in fibroblasts during wound healing and permanently during fibrocontractive diseases and stromal reaction to epithelial tumors. While positive stromal cells were absent in normal and inflamed cervix, they accumulated in relation to neoplastic tissues. The number of α‐smooth‐muscle actin positive cells and the intensity of stain were related to the increasing grading of cervical intra‐epithelial neoplasia. Our results suggest that α‐smooth‐muscle actin is a marker of stromal‐cell reaction to the development of neoplastic lesions. The evaluation of α‐smooth‐muscle actin in stromal cells of the uterine cervix may be a useful adjunct to diagnostic criteria of cervical intra‐epithelial neoplasia and may help understanding of the mechanisms of mesenchymal‐epithelial interactions during neoplasia.