bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Migraine Disability Awareness Campaign in Asia: Migraine Assessment for Prophylaxis
Authors: Wang Shuu‐Jiun , Chung Chin‐Sang , Chankrachang Siwaporn , Ravishankar K. , Merican Julia Shahnaz , Salazar Gerard , Siow Charles , Cheung Raymond Tak‐Fai , Phanthumchinda Kammant , Sakai Fumihiko 
Published: April 2008

Objectives.— This study aimed to survey the headache diagnoses and consequences among outpatients attending neurological services in 8 Asian countries.Methods.— This survey recruited patients who consulted neurologists for the first time with the chief complaint of headache. Patients suffering from headaches for 15 or more days per month were excluded. Patients answered a self‐administered questionnaire, and their physicians independently completed a separate questionnaire. In this study, the migraine diagnosis given by the neurologists was used for analysis. The headache symptoms collected in the physician questionnaire were based on the diagnostic criteria of migraine proposed by the International Classification of Headache Disorders, second edition (ICHD‐2).Results.— A total of 2782 patients (72% females; mean age 38.1 ± 15.1 years) finished the study. Of them, 66.6% of patients were diagnosed by the neurologists to have migraine, ranging from 50.9% to 85.8% across different countries. Taken as a group, 41.4% of those patients diagnosed with migraine had not been previously diagnosed to have migraine prior to this consultation. On average, patients with migraine had 4.9 severe headaches per month with 65% of patients missing school, work, or household chores. Most (87.5%) patients with migraine took medications for acute treatment. Thirty‐six percent of the patients had at least one emergency room consultation within one year. Only 29.2% were on prophylactic medications. Neurologists recommended pharmacological prophylaxis in 68.2% of patients not on preventive treatment. In comparison, migraine prevalence was the highest with ICHD‐2 “any migraine” (ie, migraine with or without migraine and probable migraine) (73.3%) followed by neurologist‐diagnosed migraine (66.6%) and ICHD‐2 “strict migraine” (ie, migraine with or without aura only) (51.3%). About 88.6% patients with neurologist‐diagnosed migraine fulfilled ICHD‐2 any migraine but only 67.1% fulfilled the criteria of ICHD‐2 strict migraine.Conclusions.— Migraine is the most common headache diagnosis in neurological services in Asia. The prevalence of migraine was higher in countries with higher referral rates of patients to neurological services. Migraine remains under‐diagnosed and under‐treated in this region even though a high disability was found in patients with migraine. Probable migraine was adopted into the migraine diagnostic spectrum by neurologists in this study.
Value of Fibrosis Markers for Staging Liver Fibrosis in Patients With Precirrhotic Alcoholic Liver Disease
Authors: Lieber Charles S. , Weiss David G. , Paronetto Fiorenzo ,   for the Veterans Affairs Cooperative Study 391 Group
Published: April 2008

Background:  Our aim was to identify markers predictive of fibrosis in alcoholic liver disease (ALD). Percutaneous liver biopsy is the recommended standard for histologic assessment of liver fibrosis. Seven serum markers (tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase 1 {TIMP1}, tenascin, collagen VI, amino‐terminal propeptide of type III collagen {PIIINP}, matrix metalloproteinases {MMP2}, laminin, and hyaluronic acid {HA}) representing various aspects of collagen and extracellular matrix deposition and degradation, have been proposed as noninvasive surrogates for liver biopsy. Moreover, a diagnostic algorithm including 3 serum markers (TIMP1, PIIINP, HA) and age has been proposed to accurately detect fibrosis with acceptable levels of sensitivity/specificity in a chronic hepatitis C subgroup.Methods:  To determine variability of these markers in liver fibrosis with different etiologies, we conducted an evaluation of their correlative properties in a subgroup of patients (n = 247) with biopsy confirmed liver fibrosis resulting from long‐term heavy alcohol consumption. Patients were participants in a recently completed VA multicenter clinical trial followed over 2 years with liver biopsy at baseline and 24 months, and with markers assessed every 3 months.Results:  Among the markers measured in this alcoholic subgroup all except collagen VI displayed significant correlation with degrees of fibrosis. Three markers, TIMP1, PIIINP and HA adjusted for age, emerged as the most promising predictors of the degree of fibrosis in a population of alcoholics. However, there was little change over time as related to change in fibrosis. The lower than expected accuracy of these markers based on receiver operating curves (ROC) also showed their limited use in this etiologic subgroup.Conclusion:  In alcoholic patients, various markers have limited value in predicting and diagnosing the stages of fibrosis compared to liver biopsy. Thus, further prospective studies are required to better define the usefulness of each marker or their combination which are possibly affected by alcohol metabolism.
Analysis of a high‐throughput HLA antibody screening assay for use with platelet donors
Authors: Fadeyi Emmanuel , Adams Sharon , Peterson Brett , Hackett Julia , Byrne Phyllis , Klein Harvey G. , Marincola Francesco M. , Leitman Susan F. , Stroncek David F. 
Published: April 2008

BACKGROUND: Passive infusion of HLA antibodies has been implicated in transfusion reactions. A rapid, inexpensive method of screening blood donors for HLA antibodies might reduce the incidence of reactions. A high‐throughput microbead‐flow analyzer HLA antibody detection technique was compared with an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Ninety‐six apheresis platelet (PLT) donors were tested for antibodies to Class I and II HLA antigens with mixed‐antigen microbead‐flow analyzer and ELISAs. For both assays, samples reactive in the mixed‐antigen assay were tested with a panel‐reactive antibody (PRA) assay. Samples reactive in both the mixed‐antigen and the PRA assays were considered positive.RESULTS: In the mixed‐antigen microbead assay, 46 (48%) samples were reactive to Class I antigens and 20 (21%) to Class II. Further testing in the microbead PRA assay revealed that 34 (35%) had antibodies to Class I antigens, 18 (19%) to Class II, and 42 (44%) to either Class I or Class II. Class I antibodies were present in 56 percent of females and 36 percent of males. In the mixed‐antigen ELISA, 4 samples were reactive with Class I antigens, 4 with Class II antigens, and 5 with Class I or Class II. All 5 reactive samples were also reactive in the ELISA PRA assay and were from females.CONCLUSION: The microbead assay was more sensitive than the ELISA and detected antibodies in a large proportion of donors. Samples reactive in the mixed‐antigen microbead assay should be confirmed by a second assay before concluding that antibodies are present.
Herpesvirus prevalence and viral load in healthy blood donors by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction
Authors: Hudnall S. David , Chen Tiansheng , Allison Paul , Tyring Stephen K. , Heath Ashley 
Published: April 2008

BACKGROUND: After primary infection, human herpesviruses (HHVs) maintain long‐term latent persistence, often punctuated years later by sporadic episodes of symptomatic lytic activation. Also, blood‐borne herpesvirus from healthy persistently infected blood donors can lead to active primary infection of immunocompromised transfusion recipients.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Utilizing a set of newly developed real‐time polymerase chain reaction assays for detection and quantification of all eight human herpesviruses, the prevalence and viral DNA load of white cell–enriched blood from 100 randomly selected blood donors from the southeast Texas region are reported.RESULTS: Herpes simplex viruses 1 and 2 (HSV‐1 and HSV‐2), varicella‐zoster virus (VZV), and HHV‐8 DNA were not detected in any donor sample. In contrast, Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) (72%) and HHV‐7 (65%) were commonly detected, HHV‐6 (30%) was often detected (Type B only), and cytomegalovirus (CMV; 1%) was rarely detected. Median viral loads of positive samples (per milliliter of blood) ranged from 4278 for HHV‐6 to less than 46 for EBV.CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the potential for transfusion‐mediated transmission of herpesviruses from healthy adult blood donors is high for EBV and HHV‐7; moderately high for HHV‐6; uncommon for CMV; and rare for HSV‐1, HSV‐2, VZV, and HHV‐8. Perhaps the most remarkable finding in this study was the detection of a single donor sample with greater than 6.1 × 107 HHV‐6 Type B genome equivalents per mL blood. Given that this extraordinarily high level of HHV‐6 DNA was obtained from a healthy adult blood donor, this phenomenon is likely unrelated to active infection or immunodeficiency.
Detailed immunophenotypic characterization of different major and minor subsets of peripheral blood cells in patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
Authors: Hernández‐Campo Pilar M. , Almeida Julia , Acevedo María J. , Sánchez María L. , Alberca Ignacio , Vidriales Belén , Martínez Elvira , Romero Juan R. , Orfao Alberto 
Published: April 2008

BACKGROUND: Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is characterized by a deficient expression of glycosylphosphatidylinositol‐anchored proteins (GPI‐APs), due to somatic mutations of the phosphatidylinositolglycan complementation Class A (PIG‐A) gene.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: In this study, the expression of a high number of GPI‐APs on different subsets of peripheral blood (PB) cells from 14 PNH patients and their potential association with underlying genetic abnormalities has been analyzed.RESULTS: This study confirms the existence of variable patterns of expression of different GPI‐APs on both major and minor PB‐cell subsets from PNH patients. The size of the PNH clone within PB neutrophils and monocytes was systematically higher than that of other cell populations. Genetic changes were detected in the PIG‐A gene in 5 of 13 cases analyzed. Interestingly, the reactivity for many GPI‐APs was significantly higher on different subsets of normal PB cells from PNH patients than those observed on healthy volunteers.CONCLUSION: The best combination of markers for the diagnostic screening of PNH would include evaluation of CD14 on monocytes and of CD16 on neutrophils, although further analysis of CD55 and CD59 expression may contain additional clinically useful information. Clear association between the genetic changes detected in the PIG‐A gene in 5 of 13 cases analyzed, and the phenotypic profile of PNH cells has not been found. Additionally, an abnormally higher expression of several GPI‐APs among normal residual cells from PNH patients in comparison to healthy donors was observed, suggesting that factors other than the PIG‐A mutation could determine the phenotypic profile of PB cells in PNH.
An algorithm based on peripheral CD34+ cells and hemoglobin concentration provides a better optimization of apheresis than the application of a fixed CD34 threshold
Authors: Delamain Márcia T. , Marques José F.C. , De Souza Carmino A. , Lorand‐Metze Irene , Metze Konradin 
Published: April 2008

BACKGROUND: Optimization of peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) collection for autologous bone marrow transplantation is necessary for a good standard of care and cost‐effectiveness. An algorithm was validated for prediction of the day of maximum peripheral CD34+ cell concentration after mobilization chemotherapy (DayCD34peak).STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: This study compared mobilization and collection variables of a cohort of patients where apheresis was started at the DayCD34peak predicted by the algorithm with a patient group where PBSCs were collected when PB CD34+ cell concentration reached 10 per µL per day (DayCD34threshold). DayCD34peak was calculated according to the equation DayCD34peak = −0.41 × HbD0 + 0.99 × DayCD34threshold + 7.8 (with HbD0 representing the hemoglobin value on Day 0).RESULTS: The mean number of apheresis procedures per patient based on the DayCD34threshold was 1.74, but decreased to 1.35 when applying the new method (DayCD34peak). For lymphomas, the mean number of apheresis procedures decreased from 1.98 to 1.47 (p = 0.03), while in patients with multiple myeloma it did not change significantly (1.23 and 1.26, respectively). Age and primary disease influenced the number of apheresis procedures needed to achieve the collection target.CONCLUSION: The application of our algorithm can lower the number of apheresis procedures by improving the timing, especially in patients suffering from malignant lymphomas with a poor marrow potential after several chemotherapy lines.
Peeling Away the Western Veneer
Authors: MAHBUBANI KISHORE 
Published: April 2008

Globalization has indeed flattened the earth, paving the way for new beginnings and the resurgence of old cultures alike by levelling the playing field for all comers. While this new era of post‐globalization certainly heralds de‐Westernization by century's end, is it more likely to mean a revival of the old ways of the East or the new hybrid ways of the first global civilization?Some of Asia's most provocative voices, as well as the world's most renowned cellist and cross‐pollinating musician, offer their views.
Paths of Globalization: From the Berbers to Bach
Authors: MA YO‐YO 
Published: April 2008

Globalization has indeed flattened the earth, paving the way for new beginnings and the resurgence of old cultures alike by levelling the playing field for all comers. While this new era of post‐globalization certainly heralds de‐Westernization by century's end, is it more likely to mean a revival of the old ways of the East or the new hybrid ways of the first global civilization?Some of Asia's most provocative voices, as well as the world's most renowned cellist and cross‐pollinating musician, offer their views.
China Must Convince the World Its Rise Is Peaceful
Authors: YEW LEE KUAN 
Published: April 2008

Globalization has indeed flattened the earth, paving the way for new beginnings and the resurgence of old cultures alike by levelling the playing field for all comers. While this new era of post‐globalization certainly heralds de‐Westernization by century's end, is it more likely to mean a revival of the old ways of the East or the new hybrid ways of the first global civilization?Some of Asia's most provocative voices, as well as the world's most renowned cellist and cross‐pollinating musician, offer their views.
This Is Not America's Final Crisis
Authors: ATTALI JACQUES 
Published: April 2008

Globalization has indeed flattened the earth, paving the way for new beginnings and the resurgence of old cultures alike by levelling the playing field for all comers. While this new era of post‐globalization certainly heralds de‐Westernization by century's end, is it more likely to mean a revival of the old ways of the East or the new hybrid ways of the first global civilization?Some of Asia's most provocative voices, as well as the world's most renowned cellist and cross‐pollinating musician, offer their views.
Secularism Is a Women's Affair
Authors: GÖLE NILUFER 
Published: April 2008

The drama between the secularist legacy of Ataturk and the popular surge of Islamist‐rooted politics continues in Turkey, centered on the debate over the headscarf. Is it a sign of religious reaction, or a sign of non‐Western modernization that will ensure higher education for Muslim women? We represent here all sides of the debate.Elsewhere in the Muslim world are the reformers and critics listening to each other, or impeding progress with a blame game? Europe's most controversial figures in this debate—Ayaan Hirsi Ali and Tariq Ramadan—engage here.
Beneath the Headscarf: A Modern Individual
Authors: USLU ZEYNEP KARAHAN 
Published: April 2008

The drama between the secularist legacy of Ataturk and the popular surge of Islamist‐rooted politics continues in Turkey, centered on the debate over the headscarf. Is it a sign of religious reaction, or a sign of non‐Western modernization that will ensure higher education for Muslim women? We represent here all sides of the debate.Elsewhere in the Muslim world are the reformers and critics listening to each other, or impeding progress with a blame game? Europe's most controversial figures in this debate—Ayaan Hirsi Ali and Tariq Ramadan—engage here.
Here We Are: A Response to Ayaan Hirsi Ali
Authors: RAMADAN TARIQ 
Published: April 2008

The drama between the secularist legacy of Ataturk and the popular surge of Islamist‐rooted politics continues in Turkey, centered on the debate over the headscarf. Is it a sign of religious reaction, or a sign of non‐Western modernization that will ensure higher education for Muslim women? We represent here all sides of the debate.Elsewhere in the Muslim world are the reformers and critics listening to each other, or impeding progress with a blame game? Europe's most controversial figures in this debate—Ayaan Hirsi Ali and Tariq Ramadan—engage here.
Beyond the Blame Game
Authors: ANEES MUNAWAR AHMAD 
Published: April 2008

The drama between the secularist legacy of Ataturk and the popular surge of Islamist‐rooted politics continues in Turkey, centered on the debate over the headscarf. Is it a sign of religious reaction, or a sign of non‐Western modernization that will ensure higher education for Muslim women? We represent here all sides of the debate.Elsewhere in the Muslim world are the reformers and critics listening to each other, or impeding progress with a blame game? Europe's most controversial figures in this debate—Ayaan Hirsi Ali and Tariq Ramadan—engage here.
Egg resorption behaviour by the solitary egg parasitoid Anaphes nitens under natural conditions
Authors: Carbone Serena Santolamazza , Nieto Montserrat Pestaña , Rivera Adolfo Cordero 
Published: April 2008

AbstractWe investigated under outdoor conditions and inside a climate chamber: (i) whether Anaphes nitens Girault (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae), an egg parasitoid of the Eucalyptus snout beetle, Gonipterus scutellatus Gyllenhal (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), experienced egg resorption, and (ii) how various treatments (location, food, and/or host supply) and body size influenced egg load, egg resorption, fecundity, and longevity. One‐day‐old females were mated and randomly assigned to five groups: (A) honey + hosts, (B) water + hosts, (C) only honey, (D) only water, and (E) control females killed at emergence. We compared the egg load of the newly emerged females, which represent the control group (egg load = ovarian eggs present at emergence), with the lifetime egg load (i.e., ovarian eggs + emerged offspring + not emerged offspring) of the females with various host and diet treatments, by dissection of the ovaries to find evidence of egg resorption. All groups reared outdoors had fewer eggs than the control, while indoors there was no significant difference. Outdoors, starved but host‐provided wasps (B) experienced the highest reduction of the lifetime egg load (51%). Groups without access to food (B + D) resorbed more eggs than groups provided with honey (A + C). Females with honey and hosts (A) had the highest lifetime fecundity, but those with water and hosts (B) showed a higher daily realized fecundity. Host‐deprived females with access to food (C) attained the longest lifespan. Our results suggest that under stress conditions, such as low temperature and food shortage, A. nitens females practice egg resorption, probably to save energy.
A comparative study on the efficacy of a pest‐specific and prey‐marking enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay for detection of predation
Authors: Mansfield Sarah , Hagler James R. , Whitehouse Mary E. A. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe efficacy of two different antigen–antibody combinations to detect predation on eggs of Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) was compared. The first method was an indirect enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using monoclonal antibody‐based gut content analysis that detects H. armigera egg protein. The second method was a sandwich ELISA that detects an exotic protein [rabbit immunoglobulin G (IgG)] applied as an external marker to H. armigera eggs. The target predators were the predatory beetles Dicranolaius bellulus (Guerin‐Meneville) (Coleoptera: Melyridae) and Hippodamia variegata (Goeze) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Beetles were fed with H. armigera eggs that had been marked with rabbit IgG and then held at various intervals after prey consumption. Each individual beetle was then assayed by both ELISA techniques to identify the prey remains in their guts. The two ELISA methods were further tested on field‐collected predators. Specifically, protein‐marked egg masses were strategically placed in a cotton field. Then, predators from surrounding cotton plants were collected at various time intervals after the marked eggs were exposed and assayed by both ELISAs to detect the frequency of predation on the marked eggs. The rabbit IgG‐specific sandwich ELISA had a higher detection rate than the H. armigera‐specific indirect ELISA under controlled and field conditions for both predator species. Moreover, a greater proportion of field‐collected D. bellulus tested positive for predation than H. variegata. The advantages and disadvantages of using prey‐marking ELISAs instead of pest‐specific ELISA assays are discussed.
Immunosuppression induced by immature dendritic cells is mediated by TGF‐β/IL‐10 double‐positive CD4+ regulatory T cells
Authors: Cools N. , Van Tendeloo V.F.I. , Smits E.L.J.M. , Lenjou M. , Nijs G. , Van Bockstaele D.R. , Berneman Z.N. , Ponsaerts P. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractDendritic cells (DC) have important functions in T cell immunity and T cell tolerance. Previously, it was believed that T cell unresponsiveness induced by immature DC (iDC) is caused by the absence of inflammatory signals in steady‐state in vivo conditions and by the low expression levels of costimulatory molecules on iDC. However, a growing body of evidence now indicates that iDC can also actively maintain peripheral T cell tolerance by the induction and/or stimulation of regulatory T cell populations. In this study, we investigated the in vitro T cell stimulatory capacity of iDC and mature DC (mDC) and found that both DC types induced a significant increase in the number of transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β and interleukin (IL)‐10 double‐positive CD4+ T cells within 1 week of autologous DC/T cell co‐cultures. In iDC/T cell cultures, where antigen‐specific T cell priming was significantly reduced as compared to mDC/T cell cultures, we demonstrated that the tolerogenic effect of iDC was mediated by soluble TGF‐β and IL‐10 secreted by CD4+CD25−FOXP3− T cells. In addition, the suppressive capacity of CD4+ T cells conditioned by iDC was transferable to already primed antigen‐specific CD8+ T cell cultures. In contrast, addition of CD4+ T cells conditioned by mDC to primed antigen‐specific CD8+ T cells resulted in enhanced CD8+ T cell responses, notwithstanding the presence of TGF‐β+/IL‐10+ T cells in the transferred fraction. In summary, we hypothesize that DC have an active role in inducing immunosuppressive cytokine‐secreting regulatory T cells. We show that iDC‐conditioned CD4+ T cells are globally immunosuppressive, while mDC induce globally immunostimulatory CD4+ T cells. Furthermore, TGF‐β+/IL‐10+ T cells are expanded by DC independent of their maturation status, but their suppressive function is dependent on immaturity of DC.