bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experiment-driven rationalism
Authors: Garancini Daniele Bruno 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPhilosophers debate about which logical system, if any, is the One True Logic. This involves a disagreement concerning the sufficient conditions that may single out the correct logic among various candidates. This paper discusses whether there are necessary conditions for the correct logic; that is, I discuss whether there are features such that if a logic is correct, then it has those features, although having them might not be sufficient to single out the correct logic. Traditional rationalist arguments suggest that the necessary conditions of thought are necessary and sufficient conditions singling out the correct logical and mathematical theories. In the contemporary debate, Chalmers advocates a view along this line. Jago, analogously, suggests that the necessary conditions for thought—or, as he calls them, our basic epistemic expectations—single out a family of logical and mathematical theories. Warren and Williamson, on the other hand, argue that there are no necessary conditions of thought. I argue that there are necessary conditions for thought, and these are necessary but not sufficient conditions to be the correct logic; indeed, these are features that all logics—correct or incorrect—share. No view we can understand is ruled out by the necessary conditions for thought, but we cannot understand quite any view. Human linguistic and conceptual abilities are genetically constrained, and these constraints are our best guide to the boundaries of logic. Arguing for this, I tackle two dogmas of modern rationalism: namely, the view that the biological constraints of human cognition have no bearing on the boundaries of the epistemic space, and the view that the boundaries of thought coincide with the boundaries of language.
Ecological river health assessments, based on fish ordination analysis of ecological indicator entities and the biological integrity metrics, responding to the chemical water pollution
Authors: Jargal Namsrai , Kim Jeong-Eun , Ariunbold Bilguun , An Kwang-Guk 
Published: March 2024

AbstractEvaluation of the ecological health of rivers requires a focused examination of how biological indicators respond to chemical stressors to offer key insights for effective conservation strategies. We examined the influence of stressors on aquatic ecosystems by analyzing various ecological entities and biotic integrity metrics of fish communities. A nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) approach was applied to determine scores based on 19 fish ecological entities (FEs) and a fish-based multi-metric index of biotic integrity (mIBI-F). The composition of fish communities in reference clusters differed from the disturbed clusters due to instream chemical stressors. These chemical stressors, including high levels of nutrients, organic matter, and ionic/suspended solids, were linked to variation in the key indicator FEs, whose guild identities were closely associated with instream chemical degradation. The scores of FEs (abundance weighted) and mIBI-F metrics in the first NMDS axis (NMDS1) were significantly linked with chemical health indicators (p < 0.001), such as total phosphorus (R2 = 0.67 and 0.47), electrical conductivity (R2 = 0.59 and 0.49), and chlorophyll-a (R2 = 0.48 and 0.25). These NMDS1 scores showed better accuracy than the conventional mIBI-F score in capturing river ecological health linked with chemical health status as determined by a multi-metric index of water pollution. Our study suggests that based on the ordination approach, the biological integrity of these systems reflected the chemical health.
The Use and Knowledge Around Vaping and Their Correlates Among University Students—A Cross-sectional Australian Study
Authors: Leung Janni , Ellem Rhiannon , Glasgow Sophia , Rowe Amy-Leigh , Gardner Lauren , Davidson Lily , Campbell Gabrielle , Pocuca Nina , Tisdale Calvert , Chan Gary , Hides Leanne 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe increasing prevalence of e-cigarette use (“vaping”) among youth has emerged as a public health concern. We aim to explore vape use, knowledge levels, and correlates in a sample of Australian young adults. Participants from six residential university colleges in Queensland, Australia, were invited to complete an online survey. The sample included 716 students (Mage=18.1 years). Correlates of vape use and knowledge examined included socio-demographic variables, other substance use, and mental health, including PHQ-9 depression and GAD-7 anxiety. In our sample, 62% of students reported lifetime vaping. Just under half (47.5%) of the sample had used flavour with nicotine vapes, 18.0% had used flavour only, and 2.8% had used other drugs. Past month vaping rates were low at 4.2% for daily use of flavour with nicotine vapes. Co-use of cigarettes was observed with nicotine vapes but most only vaped occasionally. A substantial proportion lacked knowledge about the legality (37.4%) and health harms (25.4%) of vapes. Males had higher odds of vaping. Use of cigarettes, binge drinking, and cannabis use were associated with vaping. While the co-use of cigarettes with nicotine vapes was observed, this was generally only seen among those who vaped occasionally. A notable knowledge gap existed regarding the legality and awareness of the health harms of vaping, signalling a need for educational initiatives. Future research should continue to monitor emerging vaping trends and long-term outcomes. The project was pre-registered on the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (registration number: ACTRN12622000239763).
Social Media Addiction Predicts Compromised Mental Health as well as Perceived and Objective Social Isolation in Denmark: A Longitudinal Analysis of a Nationwide Survey Linked to Register Data
Authors: Santini Ziggi Ivan , Thygesen Lau Caspar , Andersen Susan , Tolstrup Janne S. , Koyanagi Ai , Nielsen Line , Meilstrup Charlotte , Koushede Vibeke , Ekholm Ola 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSocial media addiction has previously been linked to compromised mental health and social isolation; however, most studies are cross-sectional or based on convenience samples. The objective of the current study was to assess the extent to which social media addiction predicts compromised mental health and social isolation (including bi-directionality) in a large prospective sample of Danish adults. Data stem from a nationwide longitudinal Danish survey of 1958 adults (aged 16+) conducted in 2020 and 2021. The Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale (BSMAS) was used. Validated scales were used to assess depression, mental wellbeing, and loneliness. A total of 2.3% screened positive for social media addiction. As compared to no symptoms, social media addiction was associated with an elevated risk for depression (OR = 2.71; 95% CI 1.08, 6.83) and negatively with mental wellbeing (coef = −1.29; 95% CI −2.41, −0.16). Similarly, social media addiction was associated with an elevated risk of loneliness (OR = 4.40; 95% CI 1.20, 16.19), and negatively with social network size (coef = −0.46; 95% CI −0.86, −0.06). There is a need for preventive actions against addictive social media use, as this poses significant risk to mental health and social functioning in the working age population.
AI-assisted automatic MRI-based tongue volume evaluation in motor neuron disease (MND)
Authors: Vernikouskaya Ina , Müller Hans-Peter , Ludolph Albert C. , Kassubek Jan , Rasche Volker 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Motor neuron disease (MND) causes damage to the upper and lower motor neurons including the motor cranial nerves, the latter resulting in bulbar involvement with atrophy of the tongue muscle. To measure tongue atrophy, an operator independent automatic segmentation of the tongue is crucial. The aim of this study was to apply convolutional neural network (CNN) to MRI data in order to determine the volume of the tongue.

Methods
A single triplanar CNN of U-Net architecture trained on axial, coronal, and sagittal planes was used for the segmentation of the tongue in MRI scans of the head. The 3D volumes were processed slice-wise across the three orientations and the predictions were merged using different voting strategies. This approach was developed using MRI datasets from 20 patients with ‘classical’ spinal amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and 20 healthy controls and, in a pilot study, applied to the tongue volume quantification to 19 controls and 19 ALS patients with the variant progressive bulbar palsy (PBP).

Results
Consensus models with softmax averaging and majority voting achieved highest segmentation accuracy and outperformed predictions on single orientations and consensus models with union and unanimous voting. At the group level, reduction in tongue volume was not observed in classical spinal ALS, but was significant in the PBP group, as compared to controls.

Conclusion
Utilizing single U-Net trained on three orthogonal orientations with consequent merging of respective orientations in an optimized consensus model reduces the number of erroneous detections and improves the segmentation of the tongue. The CNN-based automatic segmentation allows for accurate quantification of the tongue volumes in all subjects. The application to the ALS variant PBP showed significant reduction of the tongue volume in these patients and opens the way for unbiased future longitudinal studies in diseases affecting tongue volume.
Spezifizierung des COACTIV-Modells der professionellen Handlungskompetenz von Lehrkräften für den Bereich Bildung für nachhaltige Entwicklung
Authors: List Marit Kristine , Schönenberger Stephan , Hartig Johannes 
Published: March 2024

ZusammenfassungDas Ziel von Bildung für nachhaltige Entwicklung (BNE) ist, Lernende zu befähigen, an der Bewältigung der aktuellen Herausforderungen der Weltgesellschaft mitzuarbeiten. Diese Studie untersucht, über welche professionellen Handlungskompetenzen eine Lehrkraft verfügen muss, um qualitativ hochwertigen BNE-Unterricht durchführen zu können. Dazu wurde das COACTIV-Modell professioneller Handlungskompetenz von Lehrkräften (Baumert und Kunter 2011) mittels qualitativer Daten aus 20 Interviews mit Fachdidaktiker:innen und Lehrkräften für den Bereich BNE spezifiziert. Die Ergebnisse der Studie zeigen, dass die COACTIV-Kompetenzdimensionen (Professionswissen, Überzeugungen, Motivation, Selbstregulation) auf BNE übertragen werden können. Die Daten zeigen auch, dass die Modellkomponenten zum Teil weiter ausdifferenziert und im Hinblick auf BNE spezifischer definiert werden sollten: So ist etwa die Interdisziplinarität der BNE-bezogenen Unterrichtsinhalte ein relevanter Aspekt, der sich z. B. in der BNE-spezifischen Modellkomponente für fachdidaktisches Wissen über fächerübergreifende Unterrichtsgestaltung zeigt.
Multipurpose Additives Toward Improving the Polymer Cold Spray Process
Authors: Bacha Tristan W. , Haas Francis M. , Nault Isaac M. , Stanzione Joseph F. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPolymers have proven to be challenging to cold spray, particularly with high efficiency and quality when using inexpensive nitrogen (N2) and air propellants. Helium (He), when used as a process propellant, can improve spray deposit properties but is often undesirable due to its limited availability and high cost. In this study, additives of multiple particle sizes and materials were mixed with polymer powder in an effort to improve the performance of polymer sprays using mainly N2 as a process propellant. The effects of hard-phase additives on deposit microstructure were investigated by precise ion beam polishing of deposit cross sections and subsequent electron microscope imaging. Additional metrics including the density and post-spray composition of deposits were investigated to quantify the peening effect and the amount of embedded additive. Additives, regardless of size, were observed to embed in the spray deposits. Additionally, hard-phase additives demonstrated nozzle cleaning properties that continually remove polymer fouling on the nozzle walls. Inversely, sprays with polymer powder and no additives tended to clog the nozzle throat and diverging section because of continual fouling.
Determining the manner of death in victims in drug-induced psychosis: a case of an atypical head stab wound
Authors: Handlos Petr , Klabal Ondřej , Vojtek Vladimír , Handlosová Klára , Krejčí Tomáš , Uvíra Matěj 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This case report presents a rare case of an atypical head stab wound suffered by a drug addict and inflicted with a screwdriver during drug-induced psychosis. It describes the diagnostic and treatment procedures in the hospital and the findings of the subsequent autopsy. It also analyzes the review of the interpretation of the CT scans made upon admission and the subsequent treatment by an independent medical review panel, which revealed signs of medical mismanagement. Therefore, it also discusses the legal consequences that the case may have involved for the attending physicians in addition to the consequences for the suspected perpetrator. The report raises many issues encountered in the case in terms of the clinical treatment and forensic determination of the manner of death in cases of injuries caused by sharp instruments and highlights the importance of comprehensive evaluation of the circumstantial evidence together with the clinical or autopsy findings, since such evidence may sometimes be overlooked in clinical practice.
Human Rights Violations Committed Against Human Rights Defenders Through the Use of Legal System: A Trend in Europe and Beyond
Authors: Koula Aikaterini-Christina 
Published: March 2024

AbstractHuman rights defenders (HRDs) fight for various human rights and address concerns related to corruption, employment, the environment, and other issues. They also challenge powerful state and private stakeholders and seek justice for human rights abuses. Therefore, HRDs are increasingly becoming targets of violent attacks and abuse with the aim of silencing them. This article begins by providing a brief definition of HRDs and then proceeds to outline the risks associated with their work in defending human rights. It also identifies the perpetrators responsible for these violations. The article categorises the types of abuses against HRDs into two main categories, with a particular focus on the widespread tactic of using the legal system to target and silence defenders in Europe, which is also emerging globally. It introduces a taxonomy of various types of violations through the legal system. By categorising the types of violations against HRDs and establishing a taxonomy to aid in identifying these tactics, the article seeks to deepen understanding and awareness of the varied abuses experienced by HRDs, as well as their deviation from human rights standards, providing a valuable resource for academics, practitioners, and defenders.
The international skating union ruling of the CJEU and the future of CAS arbitration in transnational sports governance
Authors: Duval Antoine 
Published: March 2024

AbstractOne of the least visible and yet potentially most consequential findings in the trio of decisions related to transnational sports governance rendered by the Grand Chamber of the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) on 21 December 2023 concerns the Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS). It is relatively easy to overlook, as it is tucked away in the much-less scrutinized International Skating Union (ISU) judgment of the Court. Yet, as will be argued at the end of this article, the CJEU’s conclusions regarding the bindingness of CAS arbitration are consequential and will limit the function of the CAS as a kind of safety valve for the Olympic Movement. First, the article traces how the CAS became part of the ISU case in the original decision of the European Commission (EC). Thereafter, I discuss why the General Court (GC), when reviewing the ISU decision, annulled the part dedicated to the CAS, as well as the position of Advocate General (AG) Rantos in his Opinion, which mostly endorsed the GC’s findings. This section is followed by a discussion of the main tenets of the ruling of the Grand Chamber. The final part provides a general assessment of the impact of the decision on the CAS and on the future of transnational sports governance.
Opportunistic pathogenicity observed for the endophytic fungus
Diaporthe ueckerae on Gossypium hirsutum plants
Authors: Marques Matheus Mendonça de Souza , Silva Isabella de Oliveira , Bessa Layara Alexandre , Vitorino Luciana Cristina 
Published: March 2024

AbstractCotton crops are routinely threatened by emerging fungal diseases.
Fungal endophytes also can be considered latent phytopathogens. In this study we
tested the hypothesis that an endophytic strain of Diaporthe, isolated from chlorotic leaves of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum), could trigger physiological
effects of biotic stress in this oilseed plant. We also assessed the
histopathological aspects of the mycelial interaction of the endophyte with the
adaxial surface of G. hirsutum leaves. Thus, we
studied the synthesis of photosynthetic pigments, pattern of gas exchange, and
photochemistry of cotton plants subjected to inoculation with Diaporthe ueckerae via root and leaf at three different
phenological stages (vegetative, reproductive, and maturation). Additionally, we
histopathologically analyzed infected leaves using electron microscopy to study the
process of leaf colonization by this endophytic fungus. We evidenced that D. ueckerae inoculation negatively affected the
synthesis of photosynthetic pigments in plants at vegetative and reproductive
stages. Moreover, inoculation also negatively affected the photosynthetic rate and
carboxylation efficiency of these plants. We also found that the presence of the
endophyte increased transpiration and decreased water use efficiency in the plants.
Furthermore, foliar inoculation negatively affected stomatal conductance, whereas
inoculation via leaf or root reduced the photochemical performance of cotton. We
also observed that D. ueckerae colonizes the leaf
tissues of G. hirsutum via glandular trichomes
and forces penetration into the epidermis using appressoria, and the plant responds
by closing the stomata. The observed physiological alterations are indicative of
biotic stress, confirming the hypothesis that D.
ueckerae may be an opportunistic phytopathogen for cotton
plants.
Roles of biochars’ properties in their water-holding capacity and bound water evaporation: quantitative importance and controlling mechanism
Authors: Zhang Huiying , Cheng Yue , Zhong Yinhua , Ni Jinzhi , Wei Ran , Chen Weifeng 
Published: March 2024

AbstractImportant properties of biochar as an effective soil amendment are its high water-holding capacity (WHC) and inhibition of water evaporation. However, the mechanism and the importance of biochar properties in controlling its own WHC and bound water evaporation remain little known. In this study, wheat straw and pine sawdust biochars were pyrolyzed in N2-flow, CO2-flow, and air-limitation environments at 300–750 ℃, and a series of the produced biochars’ properties were characterized to explore the dominant controlling factors of their WHC and bound water evaporation. The results have shown that with the increasing contents of hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen as well as such ratios as H/C, and (O + N)/C, WHC of the biochars was also increasing while the evaporation of biochar-bound water was decreasing. With an increase in the other studied factors, such as carbon content, pH, and specific surface area (SSA), WHC of the biochars was decreasing, and the evaporation of biochar-bound water was increasing. That was connected with the fact that biochar-nitrogen was mainly in pyridinic and pyrrolic forms, while oxygen was in the form of C = O and C–O bonds. These forms of nitrogen and oxygen could be the receptors of hydrogen bonds to link to H2O molecules. Aliphatic hydrogen with a weak positive charge could be a donor of hydrogen bonds to link to H2O molecules. However, high carbon content, as well as high SSA, indicated more exposed aromatic carbon (hydrophobic sites) that could suppress the binding of H2O molecules. Additionally, high pH indicated that H2O molecules were dominated by OH–, which generated strong electrostatic repulsion with the negatively charged nitrogen- and oxygen-containing groups of biochar. It was also shown that the nitrogen-containing groups played a more important role (importance – 0.31) in WHC of the biochar than other parameters, including carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, ash contents, pH, SSA (importance from 0.02 to 0.09). Nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon contents had the most important influence on the evaporation of biochar-bound water in all studied factors. Furthermore, wheat straw biochar produced at low pyrolysis temperatures in N2 atmosphere (with high nitrogen and oxygen contents) had the highest WHC and the lowest evaporation of biochar-bound water. Consequently, it can be suggested that biochar rich in nitrogen can be an effective water retention agent and can improve agricultural soil moisture.
Graphical Abstract
Design of Chest Visual Based Image Reclamation Method Using Dual Tree Complex Wavelet Transform and Edge Preservation Smoothing Algorithm
Authors: Kumar B. P. Pradeep , Darshan S. L. Shiva , Naresh E. , Srinidhi N. N. , Shreyas J. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe proposed article put forward a new scheme for image reclamation using second phase discrete symlet transform for medical images. The current medical image reclamation approaches have limitations in providing accurate reclamation fallouts with high visual insight and low computational complexity. To address these issues, this model presents a methodology for creating a medical image database using Image Reclamation using DT-CWT and EPS filter suited for the Resolution Enhancement of query chest image sample well utilized to get better retrieval rate where DWT algorithm is utilized for feature extraction of query input images. Flat and perpendicular prognoses of summation of pixels are analyzed to extract BC quantities, which are then used to compute the matching score of similarity for the images present in the database. The system selects the samples that are most pertinent to the given query sample image based on the matching score. The system’s untrained database is used to obtain the photographs with the highest BC value. The projected method aims to improve the enhancement of sampled image by DT-CWT EPS algorithm to leads to increase the accuracy and efficiency of medical image reclamation for various research applications.
Harmonic Bloch space on the real hyperbolic ball
Authors: Üreyen A. Ersin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWe study the Bloch and the little Bloch spaces of harmonic functions on the real hyperbolic ball. We show that the Bergman projections from $$L^\infty ({\mathbb {B}})$$

L
∞

(
B
)

to $${\mathcal {B}}$$
B
, and from $$C_0({\mathbb {B}})$$

C
0

(
B
)

to $${\mathcal {B}}_0$$

B
0

are onto. We verify that the dual space of the hyperbolic harmonic Bergman space $${\mathcal {B}}^1_\alpha $$

B

α
1

is $${\mathcal {B}}$$
B
and its predual is $${\mathcal {B}}_0$$

B
0

. Finally, we obtain atomic decompositions of Bloch functions as series of Bergman reproducing kernels.