bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Monoclonal antibody H 9/25 reacts with functional subsets of T and B cells: killer, killer precursor and plaque‐forming cells
Authors: Takei Fumio , Waldmann Herman , Lennox Edwin S. , Milstein Cesar 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMonoclonal antibody (McAb) H9/25 has previously been shown to react with an alloantigen expressed on subpopulations of mouse lymphocytes. We here investigated the expression of the antigen (H9/25 Ag) on functional subsets of T and B cells. Lymphocytes were depleted of H9/25 Ag‐bearing cells by complement‐dependent cytolysis or by the affinity to immobilized McAb H 9/25, and the residual immunological functions were tested. In these tests, killer T cells generated in mixed lymphocyte cultures and their precursors were found to express H9/25 Ag. In contrast, the activity and frequency of helper T cells specific to keyhole limpet hemocyanin carrier were not decreased by the depletion of H9/25 Ag‐bearing cells. On the other hand, IgG and IgM anti‐TNP plaque‐forming cells were found to express H9/25 Ag, while it was not detected on unprimed B cells, as tested by using TNP‐Ficoll and TNP‐lipopolysac‐charide. Only a small proportion of TNP memory B cells seemed to express the antigen. These results revealed significant differences between H 9/25 Ag and other known alloantigens in the distribution among functional subsets of lymphocytes.
Ir‐gene control of T cell proliferative responses: two distinct expressions of the genetically nonresponsive state
Authors: Maizels Richard M. , Clarke Jessica A. , Harvey Michael A. , Miller Alexander , Sercarz Eli E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTwo distinct modes of unresponsiveness to hen egg‐white lysozyme (HEL) have been demonstrated in the “nonresponder” C57 BL/10 Sn (B10) mouse strain at the level of T cell proliferation. The first is an apparent inability to respond to a peptide of HEL comprising 70% of the molecule, LII (amino acids 13–105), when HEL is used as immunogen. On its own, LII is capable of eliciting a strong response from B10 draining lymph node cells, but this capacity is concealed when the whole molecule is used for immunization (by suppressor cell activity raised against another part of HEL, as described by Adorini et al., J. Exp. Med. 1979. 150: 293). In the B 10.A mouse, LIIand HEL are equally immunogenic.The second is an actual failure, presumably unrelated to suppression, to contrive a response to particular determinants on HEL, demonstrated for certain epitopes on LIIand LIII (amino acids 106–129). Such a failure to respond was maintained despite an increase in the immunizing dose of peptide to a molarity at which HEL itself could overcome Ir gene control. B10 cells responding to a high dose of HEL, or to the immunogenic lysozyme from ring‐necked pheasant, were also unable to respond to these epitopes.These deficits in responsiveness appear to be characteristic manifestations of the relevant haplotype of the major histoconapatibility complex. They may not only reflect the balance between competing T cell subpopulations, but also the constraints of associative recognition that may underlie the presentation of particular antigenic specificities.
Human peripheral null lymphocytes II. Producers of type‐1 interferon upon stimulation with tumor cells, Herpes simplex virus and Corynebacterium parvum
Authors: Peter Hans H. , Dallügge Helga , Zawatzky Rainer , Euler Susanne , Leibold Wolfgang , Kirchner Holger 
Published: February 2007

AbstractHuman blood lymphocytes, exposed for 6 to 24 h in vitro to tumor cells (K562, IGR3, L1210), Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV) or Corynebacterium parvum (CP), produced high levels of anti‐viral activity which was identified as type‐1 interferon (IF). In mixed lymphocyte tumor cell cultures (MLTC), the generated type‐1 IF was definitely shown to originate from the lymphocytes and not from the tumor cells. Supplementation of leukocyte cultures with 10% fetal calf serum instead of 10% human AB serum had little influence on tumor cell‐induced IF production, but strongly reduced CP‐induced IF production. Lymphocyte fractionation procedures involving iron/plastic treatment, nylon wool columns, Ig‐anti‐Ig columns and rosette (E, EA) separation led to the identification of null cells as highly efficient producers of type‐1 IF. T cells obtained by different ways (E‐rosette sedimentation, passage through 1 nylon and 2 Ig‐anti‐Ig columns, or thoracic duct lymphocytes) were poor IF producers in response to tumor cells, HSV and CP, but secreted anti‐viral activity when stimulated with phytohemagglutinin. In MLTC, the level of generated type‐1 IF roughly paralleled natural killer (NK) cell activity. Evidence is presented that type‐1 IF can be produced by an Fc receptor‐negative null cell subset, whereas NK activity requires Fc receptor‐positive cells. It is suggested that production of type‐1 IF represents one of the earliest functions in the differentiation process of mononuclear phagocytes and is likely to develop before the appearance of Fc receptors, diffuse esterase staining and latex phagocytosis.
Organ specificity of lymphocyte migration: mediation by highly selective lymphocyte interaction with organ‐specific determinants on high endothelial venules
Authors: Butcher Eugene C. , Scollay Roland G. , Weissman Irving L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractEvidence is presented that the organ specificity of lymphocyte migration is determined by selective interaction of lymphocytes with specialized endothelial cells. Mouse Peyer's patch and lymph node lymphocytes bind preferentially to high endothelial venules (HEV) in frozen sections of Peyer's patches and peripheral nodes, respectively, and this in vitro binding preference accurately predicts their differential segregation in vivo 30 min after i.v. injection. Both in vivo and in vitro, about 1.4 times as many Peyer's patch as lymph node lymphocytes bind HEV in Peyer's patches, and, conversely, twice as many lymph node cells interact with HEV in nonmesenteric lymph nodes. Even greater specificity is shown by certain homogeneous lymphocyte populations, i.e. thymic lymphomas. Some lymphomas bind with remarkable selectivity to HEV in Peyer's patches, and others interact almost exclusively with those in lymph nodes indicating that the mechanisms mediating selective recognition of HEV are capable of nearly absolute discrimination. Mesenteric node HEV are unique in that they allow both Peyer's patch‐ and lymph node‐specific cells to bind. It is proposed that lymphocyte surface receptors specific for organ‐restricted endothelial cell determinants mediate the antigen‐independent organ specificity of lymphocyte migration. According to this model, there are at least 2 sets of complementary lymphocyte and endothelial cell receptors, one mediating lymphocyte‐HEV adherence in Peyer's patches, the other in lymph nodes.
Ultrastructure and cytochemistry of human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Similarities between the cells of the third population and TGlymphocytes
Authors: Ferrarini Manlio , Cadoni Angela , Franzi Adriano T. , Ghigliotti Carla , Leprini Arnaldo , Zicca Antonio , Grossi Carlo E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe ultrastructural and cytochemical features of human peripheral blood TGcells (T cells with receptors for IgG) and of the cells of the so‐called third population (non‐T, non‐B cells with high avidity receptors for IgG) have been investigated and compared. Both TGand third‐population cells (TPC) contained acid hydrolases with a paranuclear localization of α‐naphthyl acid esterase, β‐glucuronidase or acid phosphatase. At the electron microscopy level, TGand TPC were indistinguishable and displayed rough cell surface, indented nuclei, abundant cytoplasm with predominance of the smooth over the rough membranes and peroxidase‐negative granules. A large proportion of cells of the TPC could form rosettes with sheep erythrocytes after treatment with neuraminidase. The observed close similarities between TGand TPC may suggest that both cell types belong to a special subset of T cells. However, the alternative hypothesis that both TGand TPC are part of a subset unrelated to T cells, such as a new non‐T, non‐B cell population, or even of the monocytic‐macrophage lineage, is also discussed.
Regulation of B cell immunoglobulin secretion by functional subsets of T lymphocytes in man
Authors: Reinherz Ellis L. , Morimoto Chikao , Penta Ann C. , Schlossman Stuart F. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTwo distinct immunoregulatory T cell subsets, termed T4+ and T5+, have been defined in man by monoclonal antibodies. Prior studies have shown that the T4+ T cell population provided help for B cell immunoglobulin (Ig) production and was required for generation of T5+ cytotoxic effector cells. In the present study, the regulatory effects of the T5+ T cell subset on B cell Ig secretion were determined in a pokeweed mitogen‐driven system. It was found that the T5+ subset, in contrast to the T4+ subset, was incapable of providing help to B cells and, more importantly, could suppress Ig secretion by B cells in the presence of T4+ inducer T cells. Given earlier studies demonstrating that the T5+ T cell subset suppressed T cell responses as well, this population appears to represent the major suppressor subset in man for T‐T and T‐B interactions.
Surface proteins of Schistosoma mansoni and their expression during morphogenesis
Authors: Snary David , Smith Maire A. , Clegg John A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSurface components of Schistosoma mansoni have been identified by lactoperoxidase‐catalyzed iodination. Cercariae have a simple labeling pattern in comparison to schis‐ tosomula. Transformation of cercariae to schistosomula results in the loss of a low molecular weight material which may be the glycocalyx, and the appearance of many more labeled proteins. Mechanical conversion of cercariae to schistosomula requires subsequent incubation at 37 °C for more than 1 h to give the full surface‐labeling pattern of schistosomula. The majority of proteins found on schistosomula appear to be present throughout the remaining part of the developmental cycle, although adult male worms had only low levels of these antigens, and female worms had virtually no detectable surface antigens. The low level of expression of schistosome antigen could be caused by adsorbed host antigen, although no evidence for adsorbed host protein was found, or by a reduced level of antigens present on the worm surface. The low level of schistosome antigen could have a role in the resistance of adult worms to the host's immune response.
Immunological tolerance of the mouse IgE system: dissociation between T cell tolerance and suppressor cell activity
Authors: Colby W. David , Strejan Gill H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractImmunological tolerance was induced in CBA mice with respect to both anti‐hapten and anti‐carrier IgE antibody production, following pretreatment of the animals with deaggregated ovalbumin. IgG antibody production was also affected. The tolerance was antigen‐specific, was stable upon adoptive transfer to irradiated syngeneic recipients, but was reversed following booster. The extent and duration of the tolerant state depended on the dosage and number of tolerogen injections. Tolerogen administered after the initiation of the primary response was without effect. The pattern and duration of this tolerance suggested that T suppressor cells were not involved. The adoptive transfer of spleen cells from tolerogen‐treated donors while being themselves unresponsive, failed to interfere with the induction of an immune response in the recipient. Evidence of T suppressor cell function was found in adoptive transfers, only after prolonged pretreatment of donors with a combination of tolerogenic and immunogenic forms of the carrier. These results suggested that T cell‐dependent tolerance of the IgE antibody response operates via two distinct mechanisms, of which only one is provided by suppressor cell function.
Two subsets of rat T lymphocytes defined with monoclonal antibodies
Authors: Brideau Roger J. , Carter Philip B. , McMaster W. Robert , Mason Donald W. , Williams Alan F. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA new monoclonal mouse antibody that recognizes a subset of rat peripheral T cells has been prepared by immunizing mice with rat thymocyte glycoprotein. This antibody, designated MRC OX 8, labels all peripheral T cells that are unlabeled by the previously described W3/25 monoclonal antibody. No peripheral T cells were found that bound both antibodies, but, in contrast, 90% of thymocytes were doubly labeled. Thoracic duct lymphocytes of congenitally athymic nude rats were not labeled by either antibody, but the spleens of such animals contained both W3/25+ cells and MRC OX 8+ cells. These splenocyte subpopulations did not overlap. Using the fluorescence‐activated cell sorter to isolate cells binding MRC OX 8 antibody, the phenotype of T cells mediating various T cell functions was established. Combining the present results with those published previously, it is shown that the cells providing help for antibody responses and those mediating graft‐vs. ‐host reactions are phenotypically W3/25+ MRC OX 8−. On the other hand, parental T cells that suppress antibody formation in F1 hosts were identified as W3/25− MRC OX 8+. The relationship between the rat T cell subsets defined by these antibodies and those in the mouse identified by the Ly series of alloantibodies is discussed and a comparison made between the rat W3/25+ subset and a recently identified human T cell subset.
Biochemical analysis of gene products of major histocompatibility recombinant haplotypes in the rat
Authors: Haustein Dieter , Günther Eberhard 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe gene products of the A and B regions of the rat major histocompatibility system (RT1) have been analyzed by immunoprecipitation and sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. For antiserum production and as a source of target spleen cells, rat strains were used that differed only for various combinations of the RT1 regions. It could be shown that the RT1.A region, whose serologically detectable products behave like classical transplantation antigens, coded for molecules of 45 000 daltons that were associated with 12 500 dalton molecules. The RT1.B region products, which behave serologically like la antigens, consisted of two chains of 31 000 and 27 000 daltons, respectively. Thus, serological and biochemical phenotypes of the RT1 antigens could be matched in accordance with data obtained in other species and could be assigned to particular regions of the RT 1 system. The two‐peak structure of Ia antigens was only detectable under nonreducing conditions. After reduction, both peaks fused, presumably due to cleavage of intrachain disulfide bonds in the smaller chain.
Histamine‐binding suppressor T cells in rabbit peripheral blood
Authors: Vaeck Mark , De Smet Walter , De Baetselier Patrick 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPeripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) from primed rabbits were able to suppress the in vitro anti‐sheep red blood cell (SRBC) plaque‐forming cell (PFC) response of autologous spleen cells. A population containing the suppressor cells could be isolated from PBL by cell fractionation on columns of insolubilized histamine. In contrast to spleen cells, PBL generated a weak secondary anti‐SRBC response in vitro. A strong response was obtained with PBL freed from histamine‐binding (H+) cells. The addition of these H+ cells to cultures of H−PBL caused strong suppression. The H+ suppressor cell was further characterized as a radioresistant T cell. Low‐dose irradiation of H− cells resulted in a supplementary enhanced PFC response suggesting that PBL also contain a radiosensitive regulator cell which is not histamine binding.
Stimulation of thymocyte mitogenic protein secretion and of cytostatic activity of mouse peritoneal macrophages by trehalose dimycolate and muramyl‐dipeptide
Authors: Tenu Jean‐Pierre , Lederer Edgar , Petit Jean‐François 
Published: February 2007

AbstractImmunomodulators of bacterial origin, such as muramyl‐dipeptide (MDP) and trehalose dimycolate, are able to stimulate some important biological functions of macrophages, such as their capacity to secrete a monokine, the thymocyte mitogenic protein (TMP), and to limit the growth of mastocytoma cells in vitro. Adherent cells from the peritoneal cavity of untreated mice do not secrete significant amounts of TMP and are not cytostatic. In contrast, adherent peritoneal cells from mice injected with trehalose dimycolate (emulsified in water) secrete TMP and are strongly cytostatic for P 815 cells. Trehalose dimycolate is also active when added in vitro: (a) it enhances the cytostatic action of thioglycollate‐elicited macrophages; (b) alone or in sequence with MDP, it induces an appreciable cytostatic activity in resident macrophages; (c) it limits the decline of the strong cytostatic action of trehalose‐dimycolate‐elicited macrophages occurring during in vitro cultivation. MDP also stimulates the cytostatic activity of the macrophages in vitro. The most interesting effect of MDP is its capacity to induce a strong secretion of TMP after a short contact (1 h) with elicited macrophages.
Autoimmune effector cells: I. Transfer of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis with lymphoid cells cultured with antigen
Authors: Holda James H. , Welch Andrew M. , Swanborg Robert H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractRelatively low numbers of spleen and lymph node cells from Lewis rats previously challenged with myelin basic protein efficiently transfer experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) to normal syngeneic recipients after in vitro culture with antigen. Moreover, cells obtained from rats that have recovered and are resistant to EAE can also transfer disease. Cell separation studies show that a nylon wool‐adherent cell is responsible for transfer of EAE. Density gradient ultracentrifugation revealed that these effector cells are probably lymphoblasts.
Immunoglobulin C‐gene expression. I. The commitment to IgG subclass of secretory cells is determined by the quality of the nonspecific stimuli
Authors: Martinez‐Alonso Carlos , Coutinho António , Augustin Andrei A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPolyclonal stimulation of normal splenic B lymphocytes with either lipopolysac‐charide (LPS) or helper T lymphocytes specific for B cell surface antigens results in the selective expression of IgG subclasses by the secretory cells: in addition to IgM‐secreting plaque‐forming cells (PFC), thymus‐independent stimulation leads to the development of IgG2 and IgG3 PFC, while helper cell‐dependent activation leads to IgG1 and IgG2 PFC. This cannot be solely explained by selective stimulation of distinct B cell subpopulations, because purified LPS‐reactive blasts if restimulated by helper cells switch to IgG1 while if maintained with LPS switch to IgG3. The simultaneous stimulation of splenic B cells with LPS and helper cells results in additive IgM and IgG2 responses, but in the selective suppression of IgG3 PFC with a concomitant synergic enhancement of IgG1 responses.These results are interpreted to indicate that the expression of IgG C genes in proliferating B lymphocytes is directed by the quality of nonspecific stimuli.
Lyt 1 cells respond to la‐bearing macrophages in the murine syngeneic mixed lymphocyte reaction
Authors: Lattime Edmund C. , Golub Sidney H. , Stutman Osias 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAn autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction has been described in mice and humans in which T cells proliferate following stimulation with syngeneic non‐T cells. This report demonstrates that in the murine syngeneic mixed lymphocyte reaction, the responder cell is an Ly 1+, Ly 23−, Qa‐1−T cell. The stimulator is an la‐bearing macrophage‐like cell.
Antibody diversity in amphibians: evidence for the inheritance of idiotypic specificities in isogenic Xenopus
Authors: Brandt Daniel C. , Griessen Marthe , Du Pasquier Louis , Jaton Jean‐Claude 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTwo families of isogenic Xenopus and the progeny from one individual of each family were immunized with dinitrophenylated keyhole limpet hemocyanin. Antisera were raised in mice and in guinea pigs against purified antibodies from one individual of the first generation of each family. These were rendered anti‐idiotypic by absorption with immunoglobulins of unimmunized isogenic frogs. In the first generation, antibodies from individuals of each family exhibited a high degree of idiotypic cross‐reactivity. Antibodies from individuals of the second generation displayed idiotypic cross‐reactivity, but to a lesser extent. Some idiotypic cross‐reactivity was seen between members of one family with members of the other family: no sharing of idiotypic specificity was detected among anti‐DNP antibodies isolated from individual outbred frogs. Isoelectric focusing (IEF) patterns of the anti‐DNP antisera showed a high degree of restriction and overlap within members of each family and across two generations. Furthermore, the N‐terminal sequence of the L chains from X. laevis anti‐DNP antibodies was unique, and there was a low degree of structural heterogeneity in the H chain N‐terminal region. A correlation between the IEF banding pattern and idiotypic reactivity was apparent. The data suggest the inheritance of variable region genes through two generations of isogenic Xenopus.
Monoclonal antibody to a human brain‐granulocyte‐T lymphocyte antigen probably homologous to the W 3/13 antigen of the rat
Authors: Dalchau Rosemarie , Kirkley Jean , Fabre John W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe monoclonal antibody (F10–44–2) described in this report recognizes an antigen which by quantitative absorption analysis is found predominantly on spleen, lymph node, bone marrow, thymus, granulocytes and brain, the amount of antigen on these tissues being approximately the same within a factor of 2 or 3. Analysis with the fluorescence‐activated cell sorter showed that 29% of thymus cells, 61% of bone marrow cells, 95% of blood mononuclear cells, 98% of lymph node lymphocytes and 100% of granulocytes carried the antigen. With blood mononuclear cells and lymph node lymphocytes, there were two distinct peaks, with one peak labeling very weakly. Double labeling experiments established that the weakly labeled peak contained the B lymphocytes. Studies on frozen sections of thymus established that positive thymocytes were found only in the medulla indicating that the antigen appears late in T lymphocyte maturation. The lymphatic nodules (B lymphocyte areas) of spleen and lymph node appeared virtually negative on frozen sections showing that there was too little antigen on the B lymphocyte surface for confident detection by fluorescence microscopy. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel eletrophoresis of NaB3 H4‐labeled blood mononuclear cells established that the antigen was a major glycoprotein of the leukocyte membrane and that its mol. wt. was 105 000. This antigen shows a striking similarity in biochemistry and tissue distribution to the W3/13 antigen of the rat and is likely to be the human homologue of this antigen.