bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Controlled Synthesis of Cobalt Flowerlike Architectures by a Facile Hydrothermal Route
Authors: Zhang Ya‐jing , Zhang Ying , Wang Zhen‐hua , Li Da , Cui Tie‐yu , Liu Wei , Zhang Zhi‐dong 
Published: May 2008

AbstractCobalt flowerlike architectures composed of hexagonal nanoplatelets have been synthesized by a simple hydrothermal reduction method. The architectures are fabricated by the reaction of CoCl2 with NaOH at 140–180 °C in the presence of sodium dodecyl benzenesulfonate (SDBS), with NaH2PO2·H2O as reducing agent. The diameters of the flowers range from 8 to 10 μm, and the average thickness of the hexagonal sheets is about 100 nm. Higher reaction temperatures and the proper concentration of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) are key requirements for the fabrication of the flowerlike architectures. A growth mechanism for these architectures is proposed on the basis of the characterization by X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The magnetic hysteresis loops at 5 K and 295 K of the cobalt flowerlike architectures show ferromagnetic characteristics with coercivities of 371 Oe and 197 Oe, respectively. Our work may shed light on the designed fabrication of complex 3D architectures of other materials.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
N‐Heterocyclic Benzhydrylamines as New N,N‐Bidentate Ligands in Palladium Complexes: Synthesis, Characterization and Catalytic Activity
Authors: Terrasson Vincent , Prim Damien , Marrot Jérome 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe synthesis of new N,N‐bidentate ligands based on a π‐deficient N‐heterocyclic benzhydrylamine core is described. The corresponding air‐stable palladium complexes are obtained in high yields and fully characterized by NMR spectroscopy and X‐ray structure determination. These new phosphane‐free catalytic systems proved efficient in the Suzuki–Miyaura reaction, enabling us to obtain biaryl products in good yields, also for reactions with o‐substituted phenyl chlorides as starting materials. The effects of both electronic and steric modulations at the benzhydrylamine core on the catalytic activity are also described.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Crystal Structures and Magnetic Behaviors of Cyanido‐Bridged Dinuclear Dimetallic Systems Involving 3d–3d or 3d–5d Metal Centers
Authors: Kim Jae Il , Yoon Jung Hee , Kwak Hyun Young , Koh Eui Kwan , Hong Chang Seop 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThree cyanido‐bridged FeIII–MnII dimers, [Fe(pzcq)(CN)3][Mn(phen)2(X)]·MeOH [X = Cl (1), Br (2); pzcq = 8‐(pyrazine‐2‐carboxamido)quinoline anion, phen = 1,10‐phenanthroline], [Fe(mpzcq)(CN)3][Mn(phen)2(Cl)]·MeOH [3; mpzcq = 8‐(5‐methylpyrazine‐2‐carboxamido)quinoline anion], and one WV–MnII dinuclear system, [W(bpy)(CN)6][Mn(phen)2(Cl)]·MeOH (4; bpy = 2,2′‐bipyridine), were prepared by assembling molecular precursors, [Fe(pzcq)(CN)3]–, [Fe(mpzcq)(CN)3]–, and [W(bpy)(CN)6]–, with Mn(phen)2X2. The absolute configurations of the Mn polyhedra surrounded by two bidentate phen ligands are packed in a –Δ–Λ–Δ–Λ– sequence in the crystal lattice. The aromatic rings of the coordinated phen ligands are sources of considerable interdimer π–π contacts, which eventually lead to the formation of two‐dimensional frameworks (1–3) and a one‐dimensional chain structure (4). Magnetic analyses of the FeIII–MnII dinuclear systems (1–3) reveal that a shorter Mn–N(cyanide) bond and a more linear Mn–N–C(cyanide) angle allow for stronger magnetic exchange coupling. Moreover, it is manifested that the 3d–5d magnetic coupling in 4 is stronger than the 3d–3d coupling in 1–3 under the given structural environments, which is due to the fact that the 5d orbital is more diffuse than the 3d orbital. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Development of Bis(2‐picolyl)amine–Zinc Chelates for Imidazole Receptors
Authors: Routasalo Taina , Helaja Juho , Kavakka Jari , Koskinen Ari M. P. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractNew phenyl and phenol bis(2‐picolyl)amine (Dpa) derivatives have been synthesized in order to generate zinc chelates for imidazole anion receptors. Previously, binuclear phenolic zinc and copper chelates have shown affinity for pyrophosphate and guanidine anions, respectively. Herein we report significant imidazole affinity increasing from 2.38 × 106 to 2.90 × 107 for phenol‐bridged binuclear zinc–Dpa chelates, as evidenced by dynamic and titration 1H NMR studies. Among the Dpa chelates investigated, the zinc‐coordinated phenol group plays a crucial role in the mechanism of anion binding. Low‐temperature 1H NMR experiments suggest a σν‐symmetric geometry for the imidazole chelate. Computational DFT studies at the B3LYP level of theory imply that imidazole binding displaces the phenol bridge between the zinc ions.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Evaluation of numerical time‐integration schemes for real‐time hybrid testing
Authors: Bonnet P. A. , Williams M. S. , Blakeborough A. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractWe present a comparison of methods for the analysis of the numerical substructure in a real‐time hybrid test. A multi‐tasking strategy is described, which satisfies the various control and numerical requirements. Within this strategy a variety of explicit and implicit time‐integration algorithms have been evaluated. Fully implicit schemes can be used in fast hybrid testing via a digital sub‐step feedback technique, but it is shown that this approach requires a large amount of computation at each sub‐step, making real‐time execution difficult for all but the simplest models. In cases where the numerical substructure poses no harsh stability condition, it is shown that the Newmark explicit method offers advantages of speed and accuracy. Where the stability limit of an explicit method cannot be met, one of the several alternatives may be used, such as Chang's modified Newmark scheme or the α‐operator splitting method. Appropriate methods of actuator delay compensation are also discussed. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Enhanced operation of femtosecond lasers and applications in cell transfection
Authors: Brown C. T. A. , Stevenson D. J. , Tsampoula X. , McDougall C. , Lagatsky A. A. , Sibbett W. , Gunn‐Moore F. J. , Dholakia K. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractIn this work we present a review and discussion on the enhancement of femtosecond (fs) lasers for use within biophotonics with a particular focus on their use in optical transfection techniques. We describe the broad range of source options now available for the generation of femtosecond pulses before briefly reviewing the application of fs laser in optical transfection studies. We show that major performance enhancements may be obtained by optimising the spatial and temporal performance of the laser source before considering possible future directions in this field. In relation to optical transfection we describe how such laser sources initiate a multiphoton process to permeate the cell membrane in a transient fashion. We look at aspects of this technique including the ability to combine transfection with optical trapping. For future implementation of such transfection we explore the role of new sources and “nondiffracting” light fields. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Multiparameter models for performance analysis of UASB reactors
Authors: Narayanan C M , Narayan Vikas 
Published: May 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: UASB (upflow anaerobic sludge blanket) bioreactors have the distinct advantage that they do not demand support particles and provide a high rate of bioconversion even with high strength feedstocks. Although apparently simple in construction, the performance analysis of these reactors involves a high degree of mathematical complexity. Most simulation models reported in the literature are rudimentary in nature as they involve gross approximations. In the present paper, two multiparameter simulation packages are presented that make no simplifying assumptions and hence are more rigorous in nature.RESULTS: The first package assumes the sludge bed to be a plug‐flow reactor (PFR) and the sludge blanket to be an ideal continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR). The second package equates the reactor to a plug flow dispersion reactor (PFDR), the axial dispersion coefficient however being a function of axial distance. The three phase nature of the sludge blanket has been considered and the variation of gas velocity in the axial direction has been taken into account. Three different kinetic equations have been considered. Resistance to diffusion of substrate into sludge granules has been accounted for by incorporating appropriately defined effectiveness factors. The applicability of simulation packages developed has been ascertained by comparing with real‐life data collected from industrial/pilot plant/laboratory UASB reactors. The maximum deviation observed is ± 15%.CONCLUSIONS: Although the software packages developed have high computational load, their applicability has been successfully ascertained and they may be recommended for design and installation of industrial UASB reactors and also for the rating of existing installations. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
The influence of reconstruction methods on food retention phenomenon in the remnant stomach after a subtotal gastrectomy
Authors: Jung Hyung Joong , Lee Jun Ho , Ryu Keun Won , Lee Jong Yeul , Kim Chan Gyoo , Choi Il Ju , Kim Young‐Woo , Bae Jae Moon 
Published: May 2008

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesFood retention and bile reflux has been frequently observed in gastric cancer patients following a subtotal gastrectomy. The aim of this study was to determine whether reconstruction methods after the distal subtotal gastrectomy influenced the degree of food residue and bile reflux.MethodsThe prospectively collected data was reviewed retrospectively for 522 patients with early gastric cancer who had undertaken a follow‐up endoscopic examination after a distal subtotal gastrectomy between 2003 and 2006.ResultsThe incidence of food retention was 55.5%, 31.9%, and 20.9% at 3, 12, and 24 months after distal subtotal gastrectomy, respectively. The food residue score was higher in the Billroth I (stapling) group than the Billroth II (hand sewing) group at 3 months after surgery (P = 0.006). The incidence of bile reflux was higher in the Billroth II group than in the Billroth I group at 12 and 24 months after surgery (P < 0.001, P = 0.002, respectively). No significant association was found between the food retention and body weight changes.ConclusionsFood retention was detected in lots of patients after subtotal gastrectomy and the reconstructive methods after subtotal gastrectomy was not relevant to food retention. J. Surg. Oncol. 2008;98:11–14. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
CE‐LIF method for the separation of anthracyclines: Application to protein binding analysis in plasma using ultrafiltration
Authors: Whitaker Gillian , Lillquist Amy , Pasas Stephanie A. , O'Connor Robert , Regan Fiona , Lunte Craig E. , Smyth Malcolm R. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractAnthracyclines are chemotherapeutic drugs that are widely used in the treatment of cancers such as lung and ovarian cancers. The simultaneous determination of the anthracyclines, daunorubicin, doxorubicin and epirubicin, was achieved using CE coupled to LIF, with an excitation and emission wavelength of 488 and 560 nm, respectively. Using a borate buffer (105 mM, pH 9.0) and 30% MeOH, a stable and reproducible separation of the three anthracyclines was obtained. The method developed was shown to be capable of monitoring the therapeutic concentrations (50–50 000 ng/mL) of anthracyclines. LODs of 10 ng/mL, calculated at an S/N = 3, were achieved. Using the CE method developed, the in vitro protein binding to plasma was measured by ultrafiltration, and from this investigation the estimated protein binding was determined to be in the range of 77–94%.
The Relationship between Starch Gelatinization and Morphology Control in Melt‐Processed Polymer Blends with Thermoplastic Starch
Authors: Li Gang , Sarazin Pierre , Favis Basil D. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractCritical aspects of starch plasticization in glycerol/excess water mixtures are analyzed in order to determine the time/temperature boundaries ultimately required for the successful plasticization of starch in a polymer melt‐processing environment. These findings are then related to the morphology of melt‐blended TPS in PCL. The onset and conclusion temperatures for wheat starch gelatinization in the presence of various excess water/glycerol mixtures were obtained. Dynamic studies of wheat starch gelatinization show that if the temperature is sufficiently high, gelatinization takes place within 60 s for the excess water/glycerol/wheat starch mixture and within 3 min for the glycerol/wheat starch case. Morphological studies indicate the inability of glycerol alone to plasticize native starch within the time constraints of melt extrusion. The efficacy of plasticization is demonstrated by a dramatic six‐fold reduction in the dispersed TPS phase size and a unimodal TPS phase size distribution in the blend system.magnified image
A Facile Approach for Transferring Hydrophobic Magnetic Nanoparticles into Water‐Soluble Particles
Authors: Cheng Ziyong , Liu Shuhua , Gao Haitao , Tremel Wolfgang , Ding Ning , Liu Ruili , Beines Patrick W. , Knoll Wolfgang 
Published: May 2008

AbstractA novel, easy and high‐efficient method is described for transferring hydrophobic magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles from organic to aqueous solution by wrapping a thermo‐responsive and photocrosslinkable poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAm) terpolymer around the particles. The wrapping procedure is introduced by the co‐nonsolvent transition of PNIPAm in the mixing solvent and the polymer can dissolve in water carrying Fe3O4 nanoparticles by noncovalent interaction. The temperature‐dependant and magnetic properties of the water‐soluble particles are characterized in this paper.magnified image
On models of exponentiation. Identities in the HSI‐algebra of posets
Authors: Asatryan Gurgen 
Published: May 2008

AbstractWe prove that Wilkie's identity holds in those natural HSI‐algebras where each element has finite decomposition into components.Further, we construct a bunch of HSI‐algebras that satisfy all the identities of the set of positive integers ℕ. Then, based on the constructed algebras, we prove that the identities of ℕ hold in the HSI‐algebra of finite posets when the value of each variable is a poset having an isolated point. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A uniformly computable Implicit Function Theorem
Authors: McNicholl Timothy H. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractWe prove uniformly computable versions of the Implicit Function Theorem in its differentiable and non‐differentiable forms. We show that the resulting operators are not computable if information about some of the partial derivatives of the implicitly defining function is omitted. Finally, as a corollary, we obtain a uniformly computable Inverse Function Theorem, first proven by M. Ziegler (2006). (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Dialectica interpretation of well‐founded induction
Authors: Schwichtenberg Helmut 
Published: May 2008

AbstractFrom a classical proof that the gcd of natural numbers a1 and a2 is a linear combination of the two, we extract by Gödel's Dialectica interpretation an algorithm computing the coefficients. The proof uses the minimum principle. We show generally how well‐founded recursion can be used to Dialectica interpret well‐founded induction, which is needed in the proof of the minimum principle. In the special case of the example above it turns out that we obtain a reasonable extracted term, representing an algorithm close to Euclid's. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Classical truth in higher types
Authors: Berger Ulrich 
Published: May 2008

AbstractWe study, from a classical point of view, how the truth of a statement about higher type functionals depends on the underlying model. The models considered are the classical set‐theoretic finite type hierarchy and the constructively more meaningful models of continuous functionals, hereditarily effective operations, as well as the closed term model of Gödel's system T. The main results are characterisations of prenex classes for which truth in the full set‐theoretic model transfers to truth in the other models. As a corollary we obtain that the axiom of choice is not conservative over Gödel's system T with classical logic for closed ∃2‐formulas. We hope that this study will contribute to a clearer delineation and perception of constructive mathematics from a classical perspective. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A Novel DOPO‐Based Diamine as Hardener and Flame Retardant for Epoxy Resin Systems
Authors: Artner Johannes , Ciesielski Michael , Walter Olaf , Döring Manfred , Perez Raul M. , Sandler Jan K. W. , Altstädt Volker , Schartel Bernhard 
Published: May 2008

Abstract10‐Ethyl‐9‐oxa‐10‐phosphaphenanthrene‐10‐oxide (1) can be nitrated using acetic anhydride and fuming nitric acid. The nitro group is reduced using palladium on charcoal and hydrogen. These reaction conditions are used for the synthesis of an analogous DOPO‐based diaminic hardener (7). An evaluation of the curing behavior, mechanical properties and flammability of a neat resin made of DGEBA and 7 (DGEBA + 7) and of a carbon fiber‐reinforced resin made of DGEBA, 4,4′‐diaminodiphenylsulfon (DDS) and 7 (DGEBA + DDS + 7) shows the potential of this hardener to lead to flame‐retardant systems while keeping relevant properties on a high level; especially when compared to a similar system (DGEBA + DDS + 1).magnified image
PTFE Micropowder Functionalized with Carboxylic Acid Groups
Authors: Lappan Uwe , Geißler Uwe 
Published: May 2008

AbstractPTFE powder irradiated in air at room temperature was studied by infrared spectroscopy, potentiometric titration with sodium hydroxide, and polyelectrolyte titration with poly(diallyl dimethylammonium chloride). Through the radiation‐induced degradation COF groups are formed in the material, which can be hydrolyzed to COOH groups. About 10–20% of the COOH groups are located at the surface of the PTFE particle. The COOH groups start to decompose under oxidizing conditions at temperatures above 200 °C. The decarboxylation results in the formation of CFCF2 groups, which are oxidized to COF groups in the presence of air.magnified image
Holomorphic liftings and Bergman kernel estimates for 𝒟ℱ𝒩‐domains
Authors: Bauer Wolfram 
Published: May 2008

AbstractLet E be a 𝒟ℱ𝒩‐space and let U ⊂ E be open. By applying the nuclearity of the Fréchet space ℋ︁(U) of holomorphic functions on U we show that there are finite measures μ on U leading to Bergman spaces of μ ‐square integrable holomorphic functions. We give an explicit construction for μ by using infinite dimensional Gaussian measures. Moreover, we prove boundary estimates for the corresponding Bergman kernels Kμ on the diagonal and we give an application of our results to liftings of μ ‐square integrable Banach space valued holomorphic functions over U. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
High‐Molar‐Mass, First and Second Generation L‐Lysine Dendronized Polymethacrylates
Authors: Zhang Afang 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe first (PG1) and second (PG2) generation dendronized polymethacrylates with L‐lysine based dendrons have been synthesized, and their conformation has been investigated. The chiral dendrons can be synthesized efficiently on a multi‐gram scale from L‐lysine by a solution peptide coupling method, and the over‐all yields for the first (MG1) and second (MG2) generation macromonomers are 77 and 75%, respectively. High molar masses (1 to 2 million) of PG1 and PG2 are achieved by conventional radical polymerization of the corresponding macromonomers. Characterization with optical rotation, circular dichroism, and UV measurements showed that, in contrast to PG1, PG2 adopts a single‐handed helical conformation in solution, which is stable in different polar solvents and also over a broad temperature range. Interestingly, the stable helical conformation remained in aqueous solution after deprotection of the terminal amines, by which the mass and steric hindrance of the dendrons reduced significantly.magnified image
NMR signal assignment of cis/trans‐conformational segments in MEH‐CN‐PPV
Authors: Li Yupeng , Xu Hai , Wu Linyan , He Feng , Shen Fangzhong , Liu Linlin , Yang Bing , Ma Yuguang 
Published: May 2008

AbstractPoly[2‐(2′‐ethylhexyloxy)‐5‐methoxy‐1,4‐phenylene‐(1‐cyanovinylene)] MEH‐CN‐PPV and its all‐trans model compound 1,4‐bis(α‐cyanostyryl)‐2‐(2‐ethylhexyloxy)‐5‐methyloxybenzene were synthesized via Knoevenagel condensation. All‐cis isomer and cis–trans isomer of 1,4‐bis(α‐cyanostyryl)‐2‐(2‐ethylhexyloxy)‐5‐methyloxybenzene were prepared by the photoisomerization reaction. Comparison of the 1H NMR spectra between MEH‐CN‐PPV and three model compounds proved the occurrence of cis‐vinylene in the backbone of MEH‐CN‐PPV. According to the ratio between the cis‐vinylene signal and trans‐vinylene signal, the content of the cis‐vinylene could be estimated to be 15% in MEH‐CN‐PPV. This large cis‐vinylene content came from the rapid photochemical isomerization of cyanovinylene and was likely relative to the poor electroluminescence property of MEH‐CN‐PPV. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 46: 1105–1113, 2008
Synthesis and nonlinear optical properties of hyperbranched polytriazole containing second‐order nonlinear optical chromophore
Authors: Xie Jianda , Hu Lihua , Shi Wenfang , Deng Xiaoxu , Cao Zhuangqi , Shen Qishun 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe hyperbranched polytriazole (hb‐PTA) containing second‐order nonlinear optical chromophore was synthesized through “A2 + B3” approach based on “click reaction.” Its corresponding linear analogue (l‐PTA) was prepared for comparison. The hb‐PTA has better solubility in common organic solvents than the l‐PTA. Both the polymers exhibit good thermal stability with 5% weight loss temperatures over 260 °C. The poled film of hb‐PTA exhibits much higher second‐harmonic coefficient (96.8 pm/V) than that of l‐PTA (23.5 pm/V). The three‐dimensional spatial isolation effect resulting from the highly branched structure and the crosslinking of the terminal acetylene groups at moderate temperature play important roles in the enhancement of optical nonlinearity. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 46: 1140–1148, 2008