bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Omitted, Devalued, Ignored: Reevaluating the Historical Interpretation of Women in the Interior Design Profession
Authors: Turpin John C. 
Published: June 2008

This paper seeks to determine whether or not current history of interior design publications are flawed by embedded gender discrimination, thus devaluing the role of women in the develop ment of the interior design profession. In order to reveal the extent to which women's achievements are marginalized, devalued or ignored, five texts that incorporate information on the history of the interior design profession will be analyzed using methods structured in feminist scholarship. According to DuBois et al. (1985), the most common methods by which an author reveals gender discrimination include (1) the omission of women from the narrative, (2) the different value assigned to women's accomplishments as a result of being viewed under masculine criteria, (3) the perpetuation of gender stereotyping, and (4) the language by which the subjects are described. The current literature on the history of the interior design profession is replete with evidence of gender discrimination. Women in the discipline of interior design are presented as being insignificant in the development of the profession. Instead, a masculine narrative of architects identifies a field dominated by women in number, but by men in perceived significance. In order to establish and understand the roots of interior design, the profession must add a feminine perspective on research. This in turn should assist interior design scholars in the development of a theoretical framework that acknowledges and disseminates the contributions of the early decorators. Otherwise, female interior design pioneers will continue to fall into anonymity.
Sense of Place in the Workplace: The Relationship between Personal Objects and Job Satisfaction and Motivation
Authors: Miller Nancy G. , Erickson Ann , Yust Becky Love 
Published: June 2008

This study explored the nature of sense of place and how it might function for the workplace, developed and tested a survey instrument to measure sense of place in the workplace, and determined what relationship existed between that sense of place and the level of job satisfaction and motivation. Desk–bound employees completed a questionnaire recording opinions, attitudes, and physical characteristics of their workplaces and themselves. Descriptive features of the work places were recorded as frequencies. Sense of place was operationalized to include comfort, control, noise, privacy, and personalization in the workplace. Social interaction, time spent at work, sense of place, and motivation were identified as intervening variables. Job satisfaction was the dependent variable. The data was collapsed by factor analysis, indexes were formed, and correlations calculated within and between indexes. Employees who displayed work–related objects were positively correlated to motivation. Positive correlations between job satisfaction and motivation were demonstrated by display of personal objects and the ability to choose and arrange work area furnishings. Sense of place is an amorphous concept that can be adapted to interior settings. It can be measured by combining a variety of factors in the workplace. Because sense of place in the workplace is significantly related to job satisfaction and motivation, designers and their clients must evaluate the impact of allowing the employee to establish sense of place in the workplace.
A Model for Integrating Culture–Based Issues in Creative Thinking and Problem Solving in Design Studios
Authors: Asojo Abimbola O. 
Published: June 2008

Design like every other field is influenced by cultural forces. However, current design education is dominated by Eurocentric cultures and thus ignores non–Western cultures. The 2000 U.S. Census indicates ethnic minorities make up 24.9% of the population, representing a 1 3.5% and 12.4% increase from ethnic minority population statistics of 1960 and 1970 census respectively (U.S. Bureau of the Census). Likewise, design schools are also becoming more culturally diverse. This trend indicates an increasing need for studies that introduce diverse perspectives in design education. The question posed to the designer is how is cultural heritage reflected in design? This report presents a model that applies inclusion, contribution, and transformational approaches to help students integrate culture–based issues into interior design projects. In the inclusion and contribution approaches, students are presented precedents from non–Western environments in order to determine the relationship of cultural elements to new building types and important issues that inform design. The transformational approach uses non–Western precedents as a basis for discussing design elements and principles, and exploring culture–based design. Studio projects using these approaches expose students and educators to culture–based design alternatives, thus raising their awareness and strengthening abilities to successfully design for non–Western cultures.
Control of Environmental Lighting and Its Effects on Behaviors of the Alzheimer's Type
Authors: Garce Melinda La 
Published: June 2008

The study investigates environmental lighting interventions designed to control the natural daylight effects of the setting sun and resultant behavior change. The purpose of this study was to determine if the frequency of disruptive behaviors of the Alzheimer's type that are defined across the literature to include wandering, anxiousness, combativeness, negative verbalizations, pilfering/hoarding, inappropriate sexual behavior, inappropriate emotional behavior, attention seeking, repetitive statements, and behaviors that are apparently precipitated and/or intensified by the effects of the setting sun i.e., changes in color, angles, and intensity of daylight, can be altered by environmental lighting interventions designed to control the daylight effects of the setting sun. This learning/practice partnership brought together the diverse expertise of research team members and provided new ways of examining research questions. Subjects were evaluated by medical practitioners to determine the probable presence of Alzheimer's disease. Disruptive behaviors were identified by trained observers reviewing 100 hours of videotaped observation, and videotaped observations of the subjects continued as subjects rotated monthly for four months between two apparently identical environments–one controlled and one experimental using environmental lighting interventions. Trained observers made double blind observation of subjects and recorded the frequency of disruptive behaviors on behavior observation checksheets. Tabulations of the disruptive behaviors were made, and percentage of change was calculated. A drop of 41% in the disruptive behaviors of subjects, while in the experimental environment, was demonstrated in the first rotation cycle, and an 11 % drop in disruptive behaviors was found in a second cycle. Inter–rater reliability across all tapes was 70%. Individuals exhibiting the highest frequencies of disruptive behaviors also demonstrated the most dramatic decreases in these behaviors while in the experimental environment. Environmental lighting interventions designed for this study appear to lessen the detrimental behavioral| effects of the setting sun on the behaviors of individuals with Alzheimer's disease.
Distance Distortion: A Comparison of Real World and Computer Animated Environments
Authors: North H. J. , Miller R. J. 
Published: June 2008

The overall goal of this study was to examine the effectiveness of computer animated spaces within the context of design professions, with particular attention to potential distortions of perceived distance that such animations might produce. Three questions were addressed: 1| Do observers accurately perceive the magnitude of distance represented in animated displays? 2) Does the manner in which animated space is divided affect the magnitudes of the distances perceived? 3) Are there differences between male and female observers in such accuracy? Participants were 61 undergraduate psychology students at Washington State University. Computer animations provided participants seven “virtual walks” through computer generated corridors, some of which were divided into segments by open portals or doors. Following each virtual walk, participants were led to a nearby corridor and asked to walk a distance they perceived to be equal to the virtual walk they had just experienced at the computer. Analysis of variance, with a posteriori Fisher LSD tests, showed that computer represented distances were consistently underestimated by both males and females, with females underestimating the distances to a significantly greater degree than males. The presence or number of segments present in the animated spaces had no significant effect on distance estimates. These findings suggest that there may be important limitations in the extent to which computer animations represent distance for observers of both sexes, and that these limitations may be even more pronounced for females than for males. The manner in which the virtual spaces were segmented did not exert a consistent influence on the perception of distance; however, the manner in which virtual spaces are divided and the kind of visual features that are used to indicate such divisions merits further study.
Interior Design Dissertations, Theses and Creative Projects
Authors: Leigh Katharine E. 
Published: June 2008

Graduate students’ work is an important resource in building the body of knowledge for the profession of interior design. The Editorial Board compiled the following list to develop an awareness of the research being conducted at the graduate level in interior design programs and by interior design educators. Periodically, an index of recently completed dissertations, theses, and creative projects is compiled and published in JID. Interior design programs and faculty that responded to a request for information are listed here. The present survey represents work completed between 1999 and 2003. Also included is 1998 work not previously indexed.
An Exploratory Study of Disabled Tenants’ Level of Satisfaction under the Fair Housing Amendments Act
Authors: Johansen Tina H. 
Published: June 2008

Increased awareness of the civil rights of individuals with disabilities led to the passage of several laws beginning in 1961 and culminating with the passage of the American with Disabilities Act in 1990. All these laws were aimed at improving access to public built environments and transportation. However, the Fair Housing Amendments Act (FHAA) of 1988 focused on assuring the availability of accessible multi–family dwelling units, thus addressing the need for accessible housing directly for the first time in the United States. This study was designed to evaluate the adequacy of the FHAA in protecting the rights of disabled people to accessible multi–family housing, and to learn more about the law's impact on the level of satisfaction with living environment among people with disabilities. A random sample of multi–family dwellings was drawn from HUD subsidized housing lists encompassing four states. Information was gathered by administering a satisfaction questionnaire to the disabled tenant and conducting a FHAA compliance survey of the complex. The data yielded two sample groups based on whether or not the complex complied with the FHAA guidelines. Results of responses from each sample group were compared and analyzed. The study shows that the level of satisfaction with living environment varies greatly among people with disabilities depending upon the design attributes of the built environment. It also suggests that those individuals living in complexes that comply with the FHAA are more satisfied with their behavioral and natural environment, indicating that the Act has made a positive difference in the quality of disabled tenants’ daily lives.
Understanding the Plan: A Studio Experience
Authors: Hing Allan 
Published: June 2008

The plan is a powerful tool in the design process that requires both intellectual and creative rigor. The focus of this article is the methodology of how the plan is presented, developed, and understood in sophomore interior design studio. The studio's goal is to give students a foundation of understanding by broadening their knowledge of spatial design through the study of the plan and plan language. The plan is what architects and interior and landscape designers use to move people through space, to organize space, and to place objects in space. The article outlines how this material is presented through readings, lectures, and design projects. The lessons require students to be creative and analytical in developing a plan, to gain visual literacy in understanding a plan and its spaces, and to use plan language in their explanations in studio. Students should learn to think and speak in terms of entry, path, and goal. Plan language includes such terms as axis, centering and re–centering, symmetry, focal points, gesturing, reinforcement, in–line, articulation, and hierarchy. Students are required to take a letterform and develop an orchestrated spatial walk through the form using plan language, and then they must complete a series of diagrams. Past and present plan types are analyzed and important architects who have contributed to the plan and plan language are discussed (Mackintosh, Wright, Le Corbusier, and Scarpa). The plan is the element which most interior designers use to develop space. Therefore, students and educators should have a greater understanding and vocabulary for such an important tool.
Interior Design in K–12 Curricula: Asking the Experts
Authors: Clemons Stephanie A. 
Published: June 2008

The purpose of this qualitative study was to assess how interior design content areas (subject matter) could be introduced and integrated into elementary and secondary (K–12) grade levels in support of national academic education standards. Although the minimum standards have been developed for entry level interior designers (Council for Interior Design Accreditation [CIDA] Standards, adopted 2002) and beyond (National Council for Interior Design Qualification [NCIDQ]), a gap exists in the interior design education continuum from “kindergarten to career.” Between June 2001 to April 2002, in order to understand perceptions of experts in interior design and elementary and secondary education, focus group sessions and personal interviews were conducted with interior design educators and practitioners, K–12 teachers (elementary, junior high, and high school levels), national standards curriculum specialists (local and state levels), and school–to–career curriculum specialists. The goal of the study was to develop a framework that could guide the integration of interior design content into K–12 levels. This paper reports the findings from the focus groups and proposes a framework that could guide the national integration of interior design content into grades K–12, support national academic standards, and suggest possible channels of dissemination for developed interior design curriculum materials.
In Vitro Activity of Ferroquine Is Independent of Polymorphisms in Transport Protein Genes Implicated in Quinoline Resistance in
Plasmodium falciparum
Authors: Henry Maud , Briolant Sébastien , Fontaine Albin , Mosnier Joel , Baret Eric , Amalvict Rémy , Fusaï Thierry , Fraisse Laurent , Rogier Christophe , Pradines Bruno 
Published: May 2008

ABSTRACT

The in vitro activity of ferroquine (FQ) (SR97193), a 4-aminoquinoline antimalarial compound that contains a ferrocenic nucleus, against 15
Plasmodium falciparum
strains was assessed and compared with those of chloroquine (CQ), quinine (QN), monodesethylamodiaquine (MDAQ), and mefloquine (MQ). These 15 strains were genotyped for polymorphisms in quinoline resistance-associated genes such as Pf
crt
, Pf
mdr1
, Pf
mrp
, and Pf
nhe-1
. FQ was highly active against CQ-resistant parasites or in parasites with reduced susceptibility to QN, MDAQ, or MQ. Encouragingly, we did not find a correlation between responses to FQ and those to other quinoline drugs. These results suggest that no cross-resistance exits between FQ and CQ or quinoline antimalarial drugs. Mutations in codons 74, 75, 76, 220, 271, 326, 356, and 371 of the Pf
crt
gene; codons 86, 184, 1034, 1042, and 1246 of the Pf
mdr1
gene; and codons 191 and 437 of the Pf
mrp
gene were not significantly associated with
P. falciparum
susceptibility to FQ. Neither the number of ms4760 DNNND or DDNHNDNHNN repeats in Pf
nhe-1
nor the profile of ms4760 was significantly associated with the FQ in vitro response. These data suggest the FQ may not interact with transport proteins in quinoline-resistant parasites. The present results justify further clinical trials of FQ in multidrug resistance areas.
Amphipathic DNA Polymers Exhibit Antiherpetic Activity In Vitro and In Vivo
Authors: Bernstein David I. , Goyette Nathalie , Cardin Rhonda , Kern Earl R. , Boivin Guy , Ireland James , Juteau Jean-Marc , Vaillant Andrew 
Published: May 2008

ABSTRACTPhosphorothioated oligonucleotides have a sequence-independent antiviral activity as amphipathic polymers (APs). The activity of these agents against herpesvirus infections in vitro and in vivo was investigated. The previously established sequence-independent, phosphorothioation-dependent antiviral activity of APs was confirmed in vitro by showing that a variety of equivalently sized homo- and heteropolymeric AP sequences were similarly active against herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection in vitro compared to the 40mer degenerate parent compound (REP 9), while the absence of phosphorothioation resulted in the loss of antiviral activity. In addition, REP 9 demonstrated in vitro activity against a broad spectrum of other herpesviruses: HSV-2 (50% effective concentration [EC50], 0.02 to 0.06 μM), human cytomegalovirus (EC50, 0.02 to 0.13 μM), varicella zoster virus (EC50, <0.02 μM), Epstein-Barr virus (EC50, 14.7 μM) and human herpesvirus types 6A/B (EC50, 2.9 to 10.2 μM). The murine microbicide model of genital HSV-2 was then used to evaluate in vivo activity. REP 9 (275 mg/ml) protected 75% of animals from disease and infection when provided 5 or 30 min prior to vaginal challenge. When an acid-stable analog (REP 9C) was used, 75% of mice were protected when treated with 240 mg/ml 5 min prior to infection (P< 0.001), while a lower dose (100 mg/ml) protected 100% of the mice (P< 0.001). The acid stable REP 9C formulation also provided protection at 30 min (83%,P< 0.001) and 60 min (50%,P= 0.07) against disease. These observations suggest that APs may have microbicidal activity and potential as broad-spectrum antiherpetic agents and represent a novel class of agents that should be studied further.
Antibiotic Resistance in
Haemophilus influenzae
Decreased, except for β-Lactamase-Negative Amoxicillin-Resistant Isolates, in Parallel with Community Antibiotic Consumption in Spain from 1997 to 2007
Authors: García-Cobos Silvia , Campos José , Cercenado Emilia , Román Federico , Lázaro Edurne , Pérez-Vázquez María , de Abajo Francisco , Oteo Jesús 
Published: May 2008

ABSTRACT

The susceptibility to 14 antimicrobial agents and the mechanisms of aminopenicillin resistance were studied in 197 clinical isolates of
Haemophilus influenzae
—109 isolated in 2007 (study group) and 88 isolated in 1997 (control group). Community antibiotic consumption trends were also examined.
H. influenzae
strains were consecutively isolated from the same geographic area, mostly from respiratory specimens from children and adults. Overall, amoxicillin resistance decreased by 8.4% (from 38.6 to 30.2%). β-Lactamase production decreased by 15.6% (from 33 to 17.4%,
P
= 0.01), but amoxicillin resistance without β-lactamase production increased by 7.1% (from 5.7 to 12.8%). All β-lactamase-positive isolates were TEM-1, but five different promoter regions were identified, with Pdel being the most prevalent in both years, and Prpt being associated with the highest amoxicillin resistance. A new promoter consisting of a double repeat of 54 bp was detected. Community consumption of most antibiotics decreased, as did the geometric means of their MICs, but amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and azithromycin consumption increased by ca. 60%. For amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, a 14.2% increase in the population with an MIC of 2 to 4 μg/ml (
P
= 0.02) was observed; for azithromycin, a 21.2% increase in the population with an MIC of 2 to 8 μg/ml (
P
= 0.0005) was observed. In both periods, the most common gBLNAR (i.e.,
H. influenzae
isolates with mutations in the
ftsI
gene as previously defined) patterns were IIc and IIb. Community consumption of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole decreased by 54%, while resistance decreased from 50 to 34.9% (
P
= 0.04). Antibiotic resistance in
H. influenzae
decreased in Spain from 1997 to 2007, but surveillance should be maintained since new forms of resistances may be developing.
Oral Vaccination against Bubonic Plague Using a Live AvirulentYersinia pseudotuberculosisStrain
Authors: Blisnick Thierry , Ave Patrick , Huerre Michel , Carniel Elisabeth , Demeure Christian E. 
Published: May 2008

ABSTRACTWe evaluated the possibility of usingYersinia pseudotuberculosisas a live vaccine against plague because it shares high genetic identity withY. pestiswhile being much less virulent, genetically much more stable, and deliverable orally. A total of 41Y. pseudotuberculosisstrains were screened by PCR for the absence of the high pathogenicity island, the superantigens YPM, and the type IV pilus and the presence of the pYV virulence plasmid. One strain (IP32680) fulfilled these criteria. This strain was avirulent in mice upon intragastric or subcutaneous inoculation and persisted for 2 months in the mouse intestine without clinical signs of disease. IP32680 reached the mesenteric lymph nodes, spleen, and liver without causing major histological lesions and was cleared after 13 days. The antibodies produced in vaccinated animals recognized bothY. pseudotuberculosisandY. pestisantigens efficiently. After a subcutaneous challenge withY. pestisCO92, bacteria were found in low amounts in the organs and rarely in the blood of vaccinated animals. One oral IP32680 inoculation protected 75% of the mice, and two inoculations induced much higher antibody titers and protected 88% of the mice. Our results thus validate the concept that an attenuatedY. pseudotuberculosisstrain can be an efficient, inexpensive, safe, and easy-to-produce live vaccine for oral immunization against bubonic plague.