bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Research on the forming and demolding process of shape memory self-demolding mold
Authors: Wang Miao , Zhang Zhenming 
Published: March 2024

The molding method is highly anticipated in engineering fields and has been preliminarily applied. However, traditional demolding methods introduce subtle deviations in demolding direction, leading to demolding defects and reduced forming accuracy. To address this, we developed an innovative Shape Memory Polymer (SMP) mold. Through finite element simulation, we extensively investigated the effects of diaminodiphenylmethane (DDM) addition, temperature, and load on the template forming and shape recovery processes. Finally, we experimentally verified the feasibility of the self-demolding of the template. The findings demonstrate that as the amount of DDM added increases, the glass transition temperature of SMP progressively elevates. This can be attributed to the enhanced crosslinking triggered by the addition of DDM. Consequently, during the stage of preserving shape in mold formation, SMP exhibits a heightened storage modulus and diminished shape recovery. Notably, when 1.5 g of DDM is added, the shape memory template exhibits the least shape recovery, with a shape retention rate of 78.2%. Conversely, employing 1.6 g of DDM generates the highest shape recovery but only achieves a shape retention rate of 59.5%. Augmenting the amount of DDM is advantageous in accomplishing template demolding. Higher temperatures expedite the initiation of the shape recovery process, facilitating template demolding during the shape recovery stage. Moreover, increasing the load can minimize template rebound and enhance the precision of mold formation. However, it also intensifies the complexity of self-demolding. Consequently, it is imperative to sensibly determine and implement suitable process parameters in applications.
An exact model for enhancing/suppressing primordial fluctuations
Authors: Domènech Guillem , Vargas Gerson , Vargas Teófilo 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Enhancements of primordial curvature fluctuations in single field inflation often involve
departures from attractor trajectories in the phase space. We study enhancement/suppression of
primordial fluctuations in one of the simplest models with exact background solutions for
arbitrary initial conditions: a single field inflationary model with a piecewise exponential
potential. We then present close to exact analytical solutions for primordial fluctuations in a
general transition between two slow-roll attractors, valid whether the first slow parameter
increases or decreases. The main features in the primordial spectrum are determined by the ratio
of exponents of the potential. We also discuss the imprint of such features in the induced GW
spectrum. Lastly, we apply the δN formalism to discuss non-Gaussianities and the tail of
the probability distribution. We find that while non-Gaussianities are at most 𝒪(1) in
the case of enhancement, they can be very large in the case of suppression. Our work can be easily
generalized to multiple piecewise exponential potentials.
Exact tunneling solutions in multi-field potentials
Authors: Espinosa J.R. , Konstandin T. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The tunneling potential formalism makes it easy to construct exact solutions to the vacuum
decay problem in potentials with multiple fields. While some exact solutions for single-field
decays were known, we present the first nontrivial analytic examples with two and three scalar
fields, and show how the method can be generalized to include gravitational corrections. Our
results illuminate some analytic properties of the tunneling potential functions and can have a
number of uses, among others: to serve as simple approximations to realistic potentials; to learn
about parametric dependencies of decay rates; to check conjectures on vacuum decay; as benchmarks
for multi-field numerical codes; or to study holographic interpretations of vacuum decay.
Primordial perturbations from ultra-slow-roll single-field inflation with quantum loop effects
Authors: Cheng Shu-Lin , Lee Da-Shin , Ng Kin-Wang 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
It is known that the single-field inflation with a transient ultra-slow-roll phase can
produce a large curvature perturbation at small scales for the formation of primordial black
holes. In our previous work, we have considered quantum loop corrections to the curvature
perturbation and found that the growth of these small-scale modes would affect the curvature
perturbation at large scales probed by cosmic microwave background observation. In this work, we
will further derive the constraints on the growing modes in the transition between the slow-roll
and the ultra-slow-roll phases under the effect of the loop corrections. Our results would help
clarify the recent controversy on whether or not the primordial-black-hole formation from the
single-field inflation is ruled out at one-loop level.
Dark radiation from the primordial thermal bath in momentum space
Authors: D'Eramo Francesco , Hajkarim Fazlollah , Lenoci Alessandro 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Motivated by the stunning projections for future CMB surveys, we evaluate the amount of dark radiation produced in the early Universe by two-body decays or binary scatterings with thermal bath particles via a rigorous analysis in momentum space. We track the evolution of the dark radiation phase space distribution, and we use the asymptotic solution to evaluate the amount of additional relativistic energy density parameterized in terms of an effective number of additional neutrino species ΔN
eff. Our approach allows for studying light particles that never reach equilibrium across cosmic history, and to scrutinize the physics of the decoupling when they thermalize instead. We incorporate quantum statistical effects for all the particles involved in the production processes, and we account for the energy exchanged between the visible and invisible sectors. Non-instantaneous decoupling is responsible for spectral distortions in the final distributions, and we quantify how they translate into the corresponding value for ΔN
eff. Finally, we undertake a comprehensive comparison between our exact results and approximated methods commonly employed in the existing literature. Remarkably, we find that the difference can be larger than the experimental sensitivity of future observations, justifying the need for a rigorous analysis in momentum space.
Mesoscopic impurities in generalized hydrodynamics
Authors: Hübner Friedrich 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This study focuses on the impurities in integrable models from the viewpoint of generalized hydrodynamics (GHD). An impurity can be thought of as a boundary condition for the GHD equation, relating the states on the left and right sides. It was found that, in interacting models, it is not possible to disentangle the incoming and outgoing states, which means that it is not possible to think of scattering as a mapping that maps the incoming state to the outgoing state. A novel class of impurities, dubbed mesoscopic impurities, was then introduced, whose spatial size is mesoscopic (i.e. their size

L

m
i
c
r
o

≪

L

i
m
p

≪
L

is much larger than the microscopic length scale

L

m
i
c
r
o

but much smaller than the macroscopic scale L). Because of their large size, it is possible to describe mesoscopic impurities via GHD. This simplification allows one to study these impurities both analytically and numerically. These impurities show interesting non-perturbative scattering behavior, such as the nonuniqueness of the solutions and a nonanalytic dependence on the impurity strength. In models with one quasi-particle species and a scattering phase shift that depends only on the difference in momenta, the scattering can be described using an effective Hamiltonian. This Hamiltonian is dressed due to the interaction between the particles and satisfies a self-consistency fixed-point equation. In the example of the hard-rod model, it was demonstrated how this fixed-point equation can be used to find almost explicit solutions to the scattering problem by reducing it to a two-dimensional system of equations that can be solved numerically.
Form factors of the tricritical three-state Potts model in its scaling limit
Authors: Mussardo Giuseppe , Panero Marco , Stampiggi Andrea 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWe compute the form factors of the order and disorder operators, together with those of the stress–energy tensor, of a two-dimensional three-state Potts model with vacancies along its thermal deformation at the critical point. At criticality, the model is described by the non-diagonal partition function of the unitary minimal modelM6,7of conformal field theories and is accompanied by an internalS3symmetry. The off-critical thermal deformation is an integrable massive theory that is still invariant underS3. The presence of infinitely many conserved quantities, whose spin spectrum is related to the exceptional Lie algebraE6, allows us to determine the analyticS-matrix, the exact mass spectrum and the matrix elements of local operators of this model in an exact non-perturbative way. We use the spectral representation series of the correlators and the fast convergence of these series to compute several universal ratios of the renormalization group.
Preparation of physics teachers for the next generation of students
Authors: Zelenický Ľ 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Physics is taught in our schools based on paradigms formulated in previous decades. Teachers and other experts pay great attention to innovations in content and methods, responding to new trends in pedagogy, psychology and physics itself. Despite these efforts, it is unable to overcome a fundamental problem, namely the lack of interest in physics on the part of students in primary and secondary schools and, as a consequence, lack of interest in the profession of physics teacher. In this article, we focus on one of the possible causes of such a situation, consisting of insufficient knowledge of the student, his needs and characteristics in the current period.
Development of the Continuous Readout Digitising Imager Array detector
Authors: Marras A. , Klujev A. , Lange S. , Laurus T. , Pennicard D. , Trunk U. , Wunderer C.B. , Krueger H. , Graafsma H. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The CoRDIA project aims to develop an X-ray imager capable of continuous operation in excess of 100 kframe/s. The goal is to provide a suitable instrument for Photon Science experiments at diffraction-limited Synchrotron Rings and Free Electron Lasers considering Continuous Wave operation. Several chip prototypes were designed in a 65 nm process: in this paper we will present an overview of the challenges and solutions adopted in the ASIC design.
Flavor identification of atmospheric neutrinos in JUNO with machine learning
Authors: Zeng F. , Duyang H. , Li T. , Liu J. , Liu Z. , Luo W. , Ma W.Y. ,   the JUNO collaboration
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is designed to determine neutrino mass ordering (NMO) using a large liquid scintillator detector located in southern China. While JUNO's NMO sensitivity mostly comes from reactor neutrinos, atmospheric neutrino oscillations in JUNO can provide complimentary sensitivity via matter effects, and enhance its overall sensitivity in a joint analysis. Neutrino flavor identification is crucial to atmospheric neutrino oscillation measurements, but is traditionally a very difficult task in liquid scintillator detectors such as JUNO. In this paper, we present a novel method for the flavor identification of atmospheric neutrinos in JUNO with machine learning techniques. This method takes features from photomultiplier tube waveforms as inputs, and shows promising results with JUNO simulation. This method could also be applied to other liquid scintillator detectors, potentially benefiting other future atmospheric neutrino oscillation experiments.
Dual use driver for high speed links transmitters in the future high energy physics experiments
Authors: Baszczyk M. , Biereigel S. , Klekotko A. , Kulis S. , Martina F. , Moreira P. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The paper presents the Dual Use Driver (DUDE) for high
speed links, a circuit designed for the Demonstrator ASIC for Radiation-Tolerant Transmitter in 28 nm CMOS (DART28) developed under the EP-R&D programme on technologies for future high energy
physics experiments. The driver operates at 25.6 Gbps and it allows driving both 100 Ω
transmission lines and optical Ring Modulators (RMs) integrated in a photonics integrated circuit
(PIC). The driver includes configurable pre-emphasis. The device will allow to demonstrate the
feasibility of wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) optical links operating with bandwidths in excess of 100 Gbps per fiber
that are capable of sustaining total ionizing radiation doses up to 10 MGy.
Investigation of flow patterns in two-phase carbon dioxide in horizontal and vertical pipes
Authors: Siegfanz Alexander , Wagner Wolfgang , Janoske Uwe 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Modern particle detectors crucially depend on efficient
cooling systems. Two-phase carbon dioxide (CO2) is a suitable
solution as a cooling agent. This publication presents the
observations and results of investigations of horizontal and
vertical flow of two-phase CO_2 at a temperature of
T = -15 °C and a pressure of approximately 23 bar. Heat
fluxes between 98.5 kW/m2 and 200 kW/m2 were applied to
the CO2, covering the range expected to occur in the future ATLAS
Pixel detector being built for the high-luminosity phase of the
Large Hadron Collider. Flow speeds ranged from 11.8 m/s to
28.1 m/s. Dedicated sensors measured the temperature and the
pressure before and after heating the CO2. Two-phase flow
patterns occuring in the pipe after heating the CO2 were recorded
with a high-speed camera. Stratified, wavy and slug flow are found
to be the predominant patterns for horizontal flow, while upward
vertical flow is mainly found to be slug or churn. Based on the
recorded images the void fraction of the CO2 after heating is
determined and compared for the different setups. The results are
summarised in a flow-pattern map. A clear distinction between
vertical and horizontal flow is found, with horizontal flow
exhibiting a significantly higher void fraction than vertical
flow. Based on the pressure measurements, the pressure drop after
heating the CO2 is measured and the corresponding Euler number is
computed. While the pressure drop increases with the heat flux for
horizontal flow, the pressure drop reduces with the heat flux in the
case of upward vertical flow.
Coal transitions—part 2: phase-out dynamics in global long-term mitigation scenarios
Authors: Minx Jan C , Hilaire Jerome , Müller-Hansen Finn , Nemet Gregory , Diluiso Francesca , Andrew Robbie M , Ayas Ceren , Bauer Nico , Bi Stephen L , Clarke Leon , Creutzig Felix , Cui Ryna Yiyun , Jotzo Frank , Kalkuhl Matthias , Lamb William F , Löschel Andreas , Manych Niccolò , Meinshausen Malte , Oei Pao-Yu , Peters Glen P , Sovacool Benjamin , Steckel Jan C , Thomas Sebastian , Workman Annabelle , Wiseman John 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
A rapid phase-out of unabated coal use is essential to limit global warming to below 2 °C. This review presents a comprehensive assessment of coal transitions in mitigation scenarios consistent with the Paris Agreement, using data from more than 1500 publicly available scenarios generated by more than 30 integrated assessment models. Our ensemble analysis uses clustering techniques to categorize coal transition pathways in models and bridges evidence on technological learning and innovation with historical data of energy systems. Six key findings emerge: First, we identify three archetypal coal transitions within Paris-consistent mitigation pathways. About 38% of scenarios are ‘coal phase out’ trajectories and rapidly reduce coal consumption to near zero. ‘Coal persistence’ pathways (42%) reduce coal consumption much more gradually and incompletely. The remaining 20% follow ‘coal resurgence’ pathways, characterized by increased coal consumption in the second half of the century. Second, coal persistence and resurgence archetypes rely on the widespread availability and rapid scale-up of carbon capture and storage technology (CCS). Third, coal-transition archetypes spread across all levels of climate policy ambition and scenario cycles, reflecting their dependence on model structures and assumptions. Fourth, most baseline scenarios—including the shared socio-economic pathways (SSPs)—show much higher coal dependency compared to historical observations over the last 60 years. Fifth, coal-transition scenarios consistently incorporate very optimistic assumptions about the cost and scalability of CCS technologies, while being pessimistic about the cost and scalability of renewable energy technologies. Sixth, evaluation against coal-dependent baseline scenarios suggests that many mitigation scenarios overestimate the technical difficulty and costs of coal phase-outs. To improve future research, we recommend using up-to-date cost data and evidence about innovation and diffusion dynamics of different groups of zero or low-carbon technologies. Revised SSP quantifications need to incorporate projected technology learning and consistent cost structures, while reflecting recent trends in coal consumption.
Widespread reduction in gross primary productivity caused by the compound heat and drought in Yangtze River Basin in 2022
Authors: Li Tingyu , Wang Shaoqiang , Chen Bin , Wang Yingping , Chen Shiliang , Chen Jinghua , Xiao Yuhan , Xia Ye , Zhao Ziqi , Chen Xuan , Jiang Yunhao , Gu Peng 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Terrestrial ecosystems play a pivotal role in the global carbon sequestration process, and their photosynthetic capacity is highly susceptible to fluctuations in climate conditions. In 2022, the Yangtze River Basin (YRB) in China experienced an extensive and severe compounded heat and drought event. Compared with the past two decades, our results revealed that the temperature increased by approximately 0.78 ± 0.45 °C and precipitation decreased by about 45.20 ± 30.10 mm from July to October 2022 over the whole YRB. Region I (west from the Sichuan Basin and east to the easternmost of the basin) experienced a more severe temperature increase (0.98 ± 0.35 °C) and precipitation decrease (−60.27 ± 23.75 mm) compared to the other regions in the YRB. Changes in temperature and precipitation resulted in an increase of 0.14 ± 0.06 kPa in vapor pressure deficit (VPD) and a decrease of 5.28 ± 2.09 m3 m−3 in soil moisture, ultimately leading to a total loss of 26.12 ± 16.09 Tg C (about −6.08% compared to the 2001–2021 mean) in gross primary productivity (GPP) of July to October in 2022. It is noteworthy that broadleaf forests, which comprise 12.03% of the natural vegetation in region I, contributed only 6.46% of the GPP loss between July and October compared to other vegetation types, showing greater resistance to this climate event. Our findings from multiple linear regressions highlight that high temperatures and reduced soil moisture together contribute up to 94% photosynthesis loss in July–October in natural vegetation in region I, while the contribution of reduced VPD is minimal. In the future, we will further explore the impacts of compound heat and drought events on the coupled carbon and water cycles across different ecosystems, in order to better understand the ecosystem response mechanisms to extreme climates.
Inertia of partial transpose of positive semidefinite matrices
Authors: Liang Yixuan , Yan Jiahao , Si Dongran , Chen Lin 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
We show that the partial transpose of

9
×
9

positive semidefinite matrices do not have inertia

(
4
,
1
,
4
)

and

(
3
,
2
,
4
)

. It solves an open problem in ‘LINEAR AND MULTILINEAR ALGEBRA. Changchun Feng et al, 2022’. We apply our results to construct some inertia, as well as present the list of all possible inertia of partial transpose of

12
×
12

positive semidefinite matrices.
Culturable Streptomyces spp. from high-altitude, oligotrophic North Western Himalaya: a comprehensive study on the diversity, bioactivity and insights into the proteome of potential species
Authors: Bhat Aasif Majeed , Hussain Aehtesham , Hassan Qazi Parvaiz , Bhat Adil 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The increasing global concern of antimicrobial resistance and shortage of new antimicrobials necessitates exploring untapped terrestrial environments for new bioactive microbiome diversity. The low-temperature and oligotrophic North Western Himalaya (NWH) region has a vast diversity of Streptomyces with potential antimicrobial properties that remain largely unexplored. This study evaluates the diversity of culturable Streptomyces from high-altitude NWH and their potential as a source of new antimicrobials through genus-specific isolation and identification. The results demonstrate a distinct phylogenetic clustering of Streptomyces from different sampling regions of NWH, site-specific variation in culturable β-diversity and species commonness with varying intersite bioactivity among different sites. Further, the study optimized the media selection for large-scale culture cultivation in antibiotic production processes and demonstrated the antimicrobial efficacy of Streptomyces against a range of pathogens through in vitro bioassays using minimum inhibitory concentration determination and antibiofilm activity. Untargeted label-free proteomic profiling also revealed variable expression of stress-response proteins and antibiotic regulators as a competitive survival strategy for selective antagonistic Streptomyces. The findings highlight the potential of NWH in augmenting antimicrobial discovery and combating antimicrobial resistance through the isolation and study of novel bioactive Streptomyces.
Misunderstood and underappreciated: a critical review of mental health advocacy and activism in low- and middle-income countries
Authors: Ionescu Alma , Mannell Jenevieve , Vaughan Megan , Burgess Rochelle 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Mental health advocacy and activism have been highlighted as important in the effort towards creating environments for better mental health. However, relevant research in low- and middle-income country settings remains limited and lacks critical exploration. We seek to contribute to filling this gap by exploring driving factors behind mental health advocacy and activism efforts in low- and middle-income country settings. This review uses a critically informed thematic analysis employing conceptual frameworks of productive power to analyse peer-reviewed articles on mental health advocacy or activism over the last 20 years. We suggest that the current body of research is marred by superficial explorations of activism and advocacy, partly due to a lack of cohesion around definitions. Based on our findings, we suggest a conceptual framework to guide deeper explorations of mental health advocacy and activism. This framework identifies ‘legitimacy’, ‘context’ and ‘timing’ as the main dimensions to consider in understanding activism and advocacy efforts. The fact that they remain misunderstood and underappreciated creates missed opportunities for meaningful inclusion of lived experience in policy decisions and limits our understanding of how communities envision and enact change.