bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antibodies to Hepatitis A Virus in Immune Serum Globulin
Authors: Smallwood L. A. , Tabor E. , Finlayson J. S. , Gerety R. J. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractTwo hundred one immune serum globulin (ISG) lots manufactured in the US between 1967 and 1977 were tested for antibodies to the hepatitis A virus (anti‐HAV) by a competitive‐inhibition radioimmunoassay (RIA); a lesser number were also tested by immune adherence hemagglutination (IAHA). The percentage of ISG lots that contained anti‐HAV with a titer of 1:100 or greater by RIA was 50% for those manufactured in 1967, 69% for those manufactured in 1972, and 100% for those manufactured in 1977. The percentage of lots with anti‐HAV titers equal to or greater than 1:500 by RIA was 7% in 1967, 18% in 1972, and 70% in 1977. Only ten lots of ISG (5%) had anti‐HAV titers of 1:1,000 or greater by RIA; seven of these were manufactured in 1977.Both the mean titer of anti‐HAV in ISG lots and the percentage of lots containing significant titers of this antibody appear to have increased in the US over the past ten years. This may reflect the increased use of source plasma from paid plasmapheresis donors in the US during this period. The lower titers of anti‐HAV in the older lots of ISG studied were shown not to be due to fragmentation of antibody molecules during storage.
Serological diagnosis of acute tick‐borne encephalitis by demonstration of antibodies of the IgM class
Authors: Roggendorf M. , Deinhardt F. , Heinz F. , Kunz CH 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA sensitive enzyme immunoassay is described for demonstrating specific antibodies of the IgM class to tick‐borne encephalitis virus (anti‐TBEV IgM). Anti‐m̈‐coated, flat‐bottomed microtiter plates are incubated with diluted patients'serum (2 hr at 37°C), then with purified TBEV, and later with pero‐xidase‐coupled anti‐TBEV immunoglobulin for a further 2 hr. After washing the plates, orthophenylenediamine is added and the optical density is measured at 510 nm. At an early stage after onset of illness anti‐TBEV IgM could be demonstrated up to serum dilutions of 10−4. The specificity of the test system was shown by total inhibition of the positive reaction by preincubation of patients'sera with anti‐m̈. Tick‐borne encephalitis (TBE) could be diagnosed serologically in 54 patients by the described method, and anti‐TBEV IgM could be demonstrated in sera drawn up to 9 months after onset of illness. A peak in the number of infections occurs in the age group of 31–40 years, and most infections occur from June to October with a small peak in July.
Human and animal togavirus antibodies in congenitally deformed infants
Authors: Cole Anthony P. , Banatvala J. E. , Perry David , Harkness James W. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe cord bloods of 30 congenitally malformed infants, born consecutively at the Worcester Royal Infirmary, were screened for serological evidence of infection with Border disease and bovine virus diarrhoea viruses as well as for the presence of rubella‐, cytomegalovirus‐, and measles‐specific IgM. Despite Border disease and bovine virus diarrhoea being endemic among sheep and cattle in counties bordering Wales, none of the cord blood samples contained antibodies to Border disease or bovine virus diarrhoea viruses. No rubella‐, measles‐, or cytomegalovirus‐specific IgM was detected. When the total immunoglobulins were estimated, 15 of the malformed infants had elevated levels, but in a control group of 35 infants born in the same unit, none showed significantly elevated immunoglobulin levels.
Antibody response to cytomegalovirus: A comparison between adult patients with neurological disease and uncomplicated infection
Authors: Granstrom Marta , Linde Annika , Wahren Britta 
Published: March 2007

AbstractCytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in adults can cause neurological diseases such as the Guillain—Barré syndrome (GBS) and myelitis. The mechanism leading to the development of neurological damage is, however, still unknown. We have investigated the possibility that an abnormal humoral immune response, either weak or hyperactive, could be the cause. The antibody response of four patients with a primary CMV followed by neurological symptoms was compared to that of four age‐matched controls with an uncomplicated infection. IgG and IgM antibodies to CMV early antigens (EA), late antigens (LA), and IgG antibodies to CMV immediate early antigens (IEA) were measured in consecutive serum samples. Comparison of titers indicated a longer time lapse between the onset of CMV infection and the development of symptoms in the group with neurological disease. We found no conclusive evidence of an abnormal humoral immune response to CMV in the patients with neurological disease compared to the patients with an uncomplicated infection.
Viral hepatitis in southeast asian refugees
Authors: Skinhøj P. , Black F. , Kjersem H. , Aldershvile J. , Kryger P. , Mathiesen L. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractFive hundred sixty‐four Vietnam refugees were studied for past or present infection with hepatitis A and B virus (HAV and HBV) by sensitive serological assays for hepatitis B surface and e‐antigen and antibodies to HBsAg, HBeAg, HBcAg, and HAV. Fifteen percent of the men and 6% of the women were HBsAg‐positive. Of these 66% were also positive for HBeAg. Serum transamin‐ase values did not effectively differentiate between the infectious HBeAg carriers and the less infectious anti‐HBe carriers.The HBsAg carrier rate did not increase by age after infancy, and among children, carriers clustered around HBsAg carrier mothers only. In contrast, the distribution of antibodies to the three HBV‐associated antigens suggested continuous exposure throughout childhood, and a 90% prevalence rate was found at the age of 20 years.Screening for HBeAg in this new population group is necessary if appropriate precautions are to be taken, and if medical management of these patients is to be optimal.The prevalence of antibody to hepatitis A increases with age to 90% at 15 years. Among anti‐HAV‐positive children and adults IgM‐ anti‐HAV was found in 8% of the children and none of the adults, indicating that only a few children may be in an infectious stage at the time of study, and therefore no specific prophylactic precautions are necessary.
Interactions between polymerized human albumin, hepatitis B surface antigen, and complement: I. binding of polyalbumin to Clq
Authors: Milich D.R. , Papas Ellece D. , Bhatnagar P.K. , Vyas G.N. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThere is considerable evidence that substances other than immunoglobulins can bind human Clq. Utilizing purified human Clq immobilized on polystyrene beads, we have demonstrated that polymerized human albumin (PHALB‐125I) binds to human Clq in a direct binding assay. This interaction required a high degree of albumin polymerization as the precentage of binding was proportional to the polymer size and monomeric albumin was unreactive. Binding was species specific in that human Clq bound only human, and not xenogeneic, polyalbumins. Similarly, polymers of various other human plasma proteins were unreactive. To demonstrate that this interaction was not unique to immobilized Clq, soluble Clq was shown to inhibit PHALB‐125I binding to solid phase Clq. Because aggregated IgG, poly(I):poly(C), dextran sulfate, polyglutamic acid, and polylysine have been previously shown to bind Clq, we used them in further blocking experiments and found them also to inhibit the interaction between Clq and PHALB. Anti‐human Clq and, to a lesser extent, anti‐PHALB antibodies inhibited the interaction. The Clq‐PHALB binding was pH, ionic strength, and temperature dependent. In addition, human Clq was not observed to bind hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) directly; however, in the presence of sufficiently polymerized human albumin a Clq‐PHALB‐HBsAg complex was formed. These interactions may be implicated in hepatocyte‐HBsAg receptor function as well as in the host defense mechanisms involved in hepatitis B virus infection.
Prevalence of antibody to human calicivirus in general population of northern japan
Authors: Sakuma Y. , Chiba S. , Kogasaka R. , Terashima H. , Nakamura S. , Horino K. , Nakao T. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractSerum specimens from children and adults living in Sapporo, Japan, were tested for antibody against human calicivirus by immune electron microscopy (IBM), using virus‐rich faecal extracts as the source of antigen. Of 83 serum specimens tested, 49 (59%) were positive for calicivirus antibody. Age‐related prevalence of antibody to calicivirus was as follows: 23% (3/13) in the 0–5‐month‐old group, 30% (6/20) in the 6–23‐month‐old group, 65% (13/20) in the 2–5‐year‐old group, and 90% in school children (18/20) and adults (9/10). As for IBM antibody ratings scored from 0 to 4, almost all positive sera from older infants and preschool children scored 3 to 4. Antibody scores were rather more scattered in school children. The results indicated that caliciviral infection is prevalent in younger children in this part of Japan.
Host Factors and susceptibility to rubella virus infection: The association of HLA antigens
Authors: Ishii Keizo , Nakazono Naoki , Sawada Harumi , Fukuda Katsuhiro , Wakisaka Akemi , Moriuchi Junko , Nakai Yuko , Kano Toyoko , Aizawa Miki 
Published: March 2007

AbstractTo examine the role of host‐dependent factors to natural rubella infection, the positive rates of HAI antibody according to HLA‐A and ‐B antigens were studied in 93 children, aged 9 to 10, who were exposed only to a recent epidemic (single‐exposure group), and in 199 adult females, aged 18 to 23, who were exposed also to a former epidemic (dual‐exposure group). Furthermore, the phenotype frequencies of HLA antigens were investigated in seronegative subjects in both groups, as well as in 58 adult female vac‐cinees, in comparison with those of the Japanese population. The seropositive rates by the HLA antigens, 38.7% and 73.4%, respectively, in each exposure group were found in subjects having some HLA antigens. Several of these candidate HLA antigens varied in phenotype frequencies in seronegative subjects of all three groups from those of the average Japanese. Although a few types were statistically significant, no contradictory findings in susceptibility were obtained among the groups during the study, which suggested strongly that subjects with HLA‐Bw51 and ‐Bw16 are susceptible to rubella infection, and subjects with HLA‐Aw33 are less susceptible. In addition, when the seropositive rates were compared in all combinations of HLA‐A and ‐B antigens classified according to expected susceptibility, the positive rates were arranged in order of susceptibility with significant statistical differences in several groups.
Non‐A, non‐b hepatitis virus: identification of a core antigen‐antibody system that cross reacts with hepatitis b core antigen and antibody
Authors: Trepo C. , Vitvitski L. , Hantz O. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractUsing immunodiffusion, a major cross‐reactivity had been previously demonstrated between hepatitis B(HBe/3 Ag) and the antigen reported in the serum of non‐A, non‐B hepatitis patients, therefore redesignated NANBe Ag.By direct immunofluorescence a new antigen associated with, but distinct from, NANBe Ag has now been identified in the liver of 14/26 patients with NANB chronic active hepatitis. The homologous antibody was detected in the serum of these 14 patients. Behaving like HBc Ag and cross reacting with it by immunofluorescence, the new antigen was termed NANBc Ag. Anti NANBc also became detectable in serial acute phase and convalescence sera from 5/5 NANB Ag‐positive posttransfusion hepatitis cases.Further characterization of NANBe and NANBc antigens achieved by fractionation of a NANB virus‐infected liver showed NANBc Ag to be expressed on 22–25 nm HB core‐like particles containing DNA polymerase activity. Cross‐reactivity between NANBc and HBc antigens was confirmed by immunodiffusion.Liver‐derived NANBe Ag identical to serum NANBe Ag exhibited the same physical properties as HBe/3 Ag and could be similarly released by disruption of the non‐A, non‐B virus cores.These results indicate that hepatitis B and NANB virions not only share the same structure and DNA polymerase activity but are also antigenically related and belong to the same new class of DNA viruses.
Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for mumps virus antibodies
Authors: Popow‐Kraupp Therese 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAn ELISA for the detection of mumps virus‐specific IgG and IgM antibodies was developed. Three different antigen preparations were compared. Equally good results were obtained with virus concentrated by ultracentrifugation and with virus that was further purified by sucrose gradient centrifugation. Crude infected allantoic fluid was unsuitable for use as antigen. The variability and reproducibility of the tests were satisfactory. When the ELISA was compared to conventional serological methods, a good correlation of IgG absorbance values with complement fixation (CF) antibody titers was found (r = 0.574), the ELISA being more sensitive in detecting antibodies in acute‐phase sera. For the determination of immunity, ELISA IgG values were compared with results obtained in hemagglutination‐inhibition (HI) and hemolysis‐in‐gel (HIG) tests. Again there was a good correlation with both tests (rHI = 0.528, rHIG = 0.667). The ELISA was more sensitive than the HI and HIG test for the detection of low levels of antibodies.
Immunogenic effect of inactivated hepatitis B vaccine: Comparison of 20 μg and 40 μg doses
Authors: Krugman Saul , Holley H. Preston , Davidson J. R. Morton , Simberkoff Michael S. , Matsaniotis Nicolas 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe immunogenic effect of inactivated hepatitis B vaccine (Merck Heptavax B) was evaluated in 202 seronegative healthy medical personnel. Three inoculations of vaccine were given at 1‐month intervals. Of 116 vaccinees who received a 40‐μg dose, 39% had an anti‐HBs response 1 month after the first dose, 88% 1 month after the second dose, and 99% 1 month after the third dose. Of 86 vaccinees who received a 20‐μg dose, 40% had an anti‐HBs response 1 month after the first dose, 79% after the second dose, and 95% after the third dose. These results confirm the high immunogenic effect of a 20‐μg dose of vaccine.
The persistence of papovavirus BK DNA sequences in normal human renal tissue
Authors: Heritage John , Chesters Peter M. , McCance Dennis J. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractEvidence has accumulated indicating that BK virus, following an inapparent primary infection, persists in the renal organs of normal healthy individuals and reactivates upon immunosuppression. Data to support this hypothesis are presented and suggest that BK virus DNA sequences are present at very low levels in the kidneys of more than 50% of the population and that this persistence is localized in several foci within these organs.
The HBe antigen‐antibody system and its relationship to clinical and laboratory findings in 100 chronic HBsAg carriers in great britain
Authors: Viola Luis A. , Barrison Ian G. , Coleman J. C. , Paradinas F. J. , Murray‐Lyon Iain M. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractHBeAg or anti HBe were detected using radioimmunoassay in 93 out of 100 British patients who were chronic HBsAg carriers. HBeAg was found more commonly than anti HBe in younger patients and those with higher titres of HBsAg and abnormal liver function tests. HBeAg was present particularly in patients with chronic active hepatitis (26 out of 29) and chronic persistent hepatitis (16 out of 21). Anti HBe was found particularly in healthy carriers (19 out of 27), and patients with cirrhosis (4 out of 8) and hepatocellular carcinoma (7 out of 8). However, the system was of little help in predicting the liver biopsy appearances in the individual patient. During a mean follow‐up period of 44 months, 6 of the 62 (9.7%) HBeAg positive carriers converted to anti HBe, a spontaneous seroconversion rate of 2.68% per year.
Occurrence of antibodies against herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase in human sera
Authors: Gronowitz J. Simon , Källander Clas F.R. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe occurrence of antibodies in human serum that block herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1 and 2 deoxythymidine kinase (dTK) has been investigated. The antibodies were detected by means of a sensitive assay technique using [125I]iododeoxyuridine as a substrate [Gronowitz and Källander, 1980]. A total of 213 sera was studied. They included pairs of serum from patients with an acute HSV infection, individual sera from persons not suspected of a HSV infection, as well as sera from patients from whom HSV had been isolated. The HSV complement fixing (cf) titer was determined for each serum and subsequently used as a reference. None of the HSV cf negative sera contained HSV dTK blocking antibodies, whereas all cf positive sera did, however, all excepting those that were collected in connection with primary infections. By following the serum titer after a primary infection, we have found that 12 out of 19 persons studied had detectable dTK antibodies after an average time of 179 days. The results indicate a low degree of cross‐reactivity between HSV type 1 and 2 dTK blocking antibodies.
Significance of persisting IgM anti‐HBc antibodies in hepatitis B virus infection
Authors: Cappel R. , Van Beers D. , Maes F. , Toppet M. , Cadranel S. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractIgG and IgM antibodies to the core antigen of hepatitis B virus (HBV) were measured in 136 patients who developed acute HBV hepatitis and who were followed prospectively. After acute hepatitis all the patients developed transiently IgM anti‐HBc lasting for two to five months. In contrast, IgM anti‐HBc persisted 8 and 9 months in two patients who developed persistent hepatitis and were continuously detected for two years in nine patients who developed aggressive hepatitis. The results presented suggest that the determination of IgM anti‐HBc might be useful to predict the outcome of chronic hepatitis B infection.
Changes in hepatitis B virus DNA‐polymerase activity in patients with chronic infection
Authors: Alberti A. , Pontisso P. , Realdi G. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractLevels of serum hepatitis B virus DNA‐polymerase (HBV‐DNAP) were studied longitudinally over variable periods of time in 16 HBV chronic carriers using a modified assay procedure developed to increase reproducibility. Ten patients were tested on a short‐term basis at 3‐ to 6‐hr intervals for 48 hr or at 24‐ to 48‐hr intervals for 15 consecutive days, and all showed marked vacillations in enzyme levels although hospitalized and untreated. Patients with chronic active hepatitis on liver biopsy had larger fluctuations compared to cases of chronic persistent hepatitis. Six patients were longitudinally tested over a period of 12–32 months and those three receiving immunosuppressive drugs showed a progressive increase in DNAP levels during therapy, but two returned to pretreatment levels after therapy was withdrawn and one even cleared permanently the complete virus with seroconversion to anti‐HBe. Such outcome was also observed in one patient with chronic active hepatitis who remained untreated.
The conversion of hepatitis B core antigen synthesized in e coli into e antigen
Authors: Mackay Patricia , Lees Janice , Murray Kenneth 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe e antigen (HBeAg) of hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a polypeptide of 17–20,000 daltons closely associated with the core antigen (HBcAg) of Dane particles, from which it is released by a variety of disruptive procedures. HBeAg could be a unique component of HBV core particles or a derivative of HBcAg. To resolve this question immunodiffusion experiments were carried out with preparations of HBcAg synthesized in E coli carrying a recombinant plasmid from which the HBcAg, but no other HBV gene, was expressed. HBcAg was converted into HBeAg by proteolytic degradation under dissociating conditions, thus confirming at the molecular level that HBeAg is a component of HBcAg. This offers a new route to the detection of HBeAg and antibodies to the antigen.
Comparison of human cytomegalovirus growth in MRC‐5 human fibroblasts, brain, and choroid plexus cells in vitro
Authors: Wroblewska Zofia , Wellish Mary C. , Wolinsky Jerry S. , Gilden Donald 
Published: March 2007

AbstractCell cultures derived from human brain, choroid plexus, and human lung fibroblasts (MRC‐5) were infected with the Towne strain of human cytomegalovirus (CMV). The cytopathic effect, beginning 24–48 hours after infection, was characterized by foci of enlarged rounded cells that spread slowly and eventually coalesced to destroy the entire monolayer within one week. Cowdry type A inclusion bodies and herpes virus nucleocapsids were seen in infected cells. CMV‐specific antigen was demonstrated by immunofluorescence in fibroblasts and astrocytic cells of brain cultures and in cells of choroid plexus cultures as well as in MRC‐5 fibroblasts. Despite these morphologic and immunochemical similarities the growth of CMV differed in cells of brain and choroid plexus origin as compared with MRC‐5 cells. In brain and choroid plexus cell cultures most of the virus remained cell‐associated throughout the observation period of one week, whereas in MRC‐5 cells the CMV was found in both cell‐associated and cell‐free fractions of harvested material.
Local production of mumps IgG and IgM antibodies in the cerebrospinal fluid of meningitis patients
Authors: Ukkonen Pentti , Granström Marja‐Lisa , Räsänen Jorma , Salonen Eeva‐Marjatta , Penttinen Kari 
Published: March 2007

AbstractImmunoglobulin G (IgG) and M (IgM) antibodies against mumps virus were measured by an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens of patients with mumps meningitis. The CSF IgG antibodies correlated well with the respective antibody titers in serum. On the contrary, in only about half of the patients a moderate correlation was found between the CSF and serum IgM antibody titers, while the other patients did not have detectable mumps IgM antibodies in CSF irrespective of intermediate to high titers in serum. Two different immunologic mechanisms may be involved in these two groups which, however, did not show any clinical differences. The lack of IgM antibodies in the CSF of many patients diminished the value of CSF in the laboratory diagnosis of mumps meningitis compared to use of serum specimens. Intrathecal synthesis of mumps IgG antibodies was demonstrated in 83% of the patients, and of IgM antibodies in at least 67% of those patients with detectable IgM antibodies in CSF. The ratio between mumps IgG and IgM antibodies was higher in CSF than in serum, suggesting that the synthesis of IgG antibodies in central nervous system was more efficient than that of IgM antibodies.
Astrovirus‐Associated epidemic gastroenteritis in japan
Authors: Konno Tasuke , Suzuki Hiroshi , Ishida Nakao , Chiba Ryo , Mochizuki Keiko , Tsunoda Akira 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAn outbreak of epidemic gastroenteritis associated with astrovirus, the first case reported in Japan, is described. Not only children (5–6 years of age), but also staff members of a kindergarten were affected. The virus particles detected in stools were 28–30 nm in diameter with a circular outline and had the characteristic starlike configuration which allowed identification as astrovirus. Significant immune responses to the virus were confirmed by immune electron microscopy. Out of 84 children, 43 (54.2%) were affected; the common symptoms were vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, and fever. All the patients recovered completely within 48 hours. Occurrence of gastroenteritis due to contact with these patients was observed in 14 of 43 families.