bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Attempting to prevent depression in youth: a systematic review of the evidence
Authors: Merry Sally N. , Spence Susan H. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractAim:  The aim of this review was to update the information on prevention and early intervention programmes for depression in adolescents.Method:  We searched the literature to the end of July 2006 for published randomized controlled trials of psychological interventions specifically designed to prevent the onset of depression among children and adolescents (aged 5 to 19 years) who did not already meet the criteria for a clinical diagnosis of depressive illness.Results:  Findings have been mixed. Positive results after intervention and at follow‐up have been reported in a number of targeted studies, although an attempt to replicate findings in a school and in a primary care setting were unsuccessful. Most studies of universal interventions have shown a short‐term effect that did not persist at follow‐up. There are a number of methodological problems with studies to date. Issues that have not been addressed include taking into account the placebo effect, measuring the incidence of depressive disorder following intervention and ensuring the quality and fidelity of intervention is adequate. Interventions to date may have been too short to create durable change.Conclusions:  There is no clear evidence to date that depression prevention is effective and implementation of depression prevention programmes would be premature on current evidence. However, given the positive finding in some studies, and the cost of depressive disorder, further research is warranted. Attempts to reduce depressive disorder in the community should address wider social issues, as well as improving on the narrower interventions focusing on individual protective and risk factors.
Fibulin‐5 is involved in phlebosclerosis of major portal vein branches associated with elastic fiber deposition in idiopathic portal hypertension
Authors: Sato Yasunori , Sawada Seiko , Nakanuma Yasuni 
Published: August 2007

Aim:  In cases of idiopathic portal hypertension (IPH), the deposition of elastic fibers in the major portal vein branches and peripheral portal tracts is a common and characteristic histological finding, which may be related to the disease's pathogenesis. This study aimed to clarify the mechanism of this portal fibroelastosis.Methods:  The expression of fibulin‐5 and fibrillin‐1, proteins essential for elastogenesis, was examined in IPH livers (n = 15) using immunohistochemistry. Liver specimens obtained from patients with chronic viral hepatitis (CVH)/liver cirrhosis (LC) (n = 12) and normal/subnormal livers (n = 10) were used as controls.Results:  In IPH livers, immunohistochemical labeling of fibulin‐5 was observed in the major portal vein branches in eight cases (53%), and the distribution corresponded to that of elastic fibers in the vessel walls, while the peripheral portaltracts totally lacked fibulin‐5 in spite of the presence of dense elastic fibers. In CVH/LC and normal livers, fibulin‐5 expression was absent or faint throughout the sections. Fibrillin‐1 was detected in the connective tissue of the hilar region and peripheral portal tracts in IPH, CVH/LC and normal livers, with the expression varying greatly among cases.Conclusions:  These results suggest that fibulin‐5, rather than fibrillin‐1, expressed in the major portal vein branches of IPH livers is related to phlebosclerosis, leading to an increase in presinusoidal vascular resistance and portal hypertension. In addition, the mechanism of fibroelastosis may differ between the major portal vein branches and peripheral portal tracts of IPH livers.
Systematic Modeling of Workpiece-Fixture Geometric Default and Compliance for the Prediction of Workpiece Machining Error
Authors: Qin Guohua , Zhang Weihong , Wu Zhuxi , Wan Min 
Published: August 2007

Abstract
Control of workpiece machining error (WME) is a key concern in the design of a fixture system. In this paper, source errors, which are categorized into workpiece-fixture geometric default and workpiece-fixture compliance, are systematically investigated to reveal their effects upon the WME. The underlying mechanism is that source errors lead to the workpiece position error (WPE), the workpiece elastic deformations (WED), and the inconsistent datum error (IDE), and all of them will contribute together to the WME. Here, the IDE refers to the dimension deviation of the processing datum from the locating datum once two references do not coincide. An overall quantitative formulation is proposed for the computing of WME in terms of WPE, WED, and IDE for the first time. In detail, the WPE raised in the workpiece-locating and clamping process is evaluated based on the geometric defaults and local deformations of workpiece-fixture in the contact region. The WED relative to the workpiece-clamping process is determined by solving a nonlinear mathematical programming problem of minimizing the total complementary energy of the frictional workpiece-fixture system. Some numerical tests are finally demonstrated to validate the proposed approach on the basis of both theoretical and experimental data given in the references.
Stream-of-Variation Modeling—Part I: A Generic Three-Dimensional Variation Model for Rigid-Body Assembly in Single Station Assembly Processes
Authors: Huang Wenzhen , Lin Jijun , Bezdecny Michelle , Kong Zhenyu , Ceglarek Dariusz 
Published: August 2007

Abstract
A stream-of-variation analysis (SOVA) model for three-dimensional (3D) rigid-body assemblies in a single station is developed. Both product and process information, such as part and fixture locating errors, are integrated in the model. The model represents a linear relationship of the variations between key product characteristics and key control characteristics. The generic modeling procedure and framework are provided, which involve: (1) an assembly graph (AG) to represent the kinematical constraints among parts and fixtures, (2) an unified method to transform all constraints (mating interface and fixture locators etc.) into a 3-2-1 locating scheme, and (3) a 3D rigid model for variation flow in a single-station process. The generality of the model is achieved by formulating all these constraints with an unified generalized fixture model. Thus, the model is able to accommodate various types of assemblies and provides a building block for complex multistation assembly model, in which the interstation interactions are taken into account. The model has been verified by using Monte Carlo simulation and a standardized industrial software. It provides the basis for variation control through tolerance design analysis, synthesis, and diagnosis in manufacturing systems.
Stream-of-Variation (SOVA) Modeling II: A Generic 3D Variation Model for Rigid Body Assembly in Multistation Assembly Processes
Authors: Huang Wenzhen , Lin Jijun , Kong Zhenyu , Ceglarek Dariusz 
Published: August 2007

Abstract
A 3D rigid assembly modeling technique is developed for stream of variation analysis (SOVA) in multi-station processes. An assembly process is modeled as a spatial indexed state transition dynamic system. The model takes into account product and process factors such as: part-to-fixture, part-to-part, and inter-station interactions, which represent the influences coming from both tooling errors and part errors. The incorporation of the virtual fixture concept (Huang et al., Proc. of 2006 ASME MSEC) and inter-station interaction leads to the generic, unified SOVA model formulation. An automatic model generation technique is also developed for surmounting difficulties in modeling based on first principles. It enhances the applicability in modeling complex assemblies. The developed SOVA methodology outperforms the current simulation based techniques in computation efficiency, not only in forward analysis of complex assembly systems (tolerance analysis, sensitivity analysis), but it is also more powerful in backward analysis (tolerance synthesis and dimensional fault diagnosis). The model is validated using industrial case studies and series of simulations conducted using standardized industrial software (3DCS Analyst).
A MONTE CARLO STUDY OF THE EXCHANGE BIAS EFFECTS IN MAGNETIC NANOPARTICLES WITH FERROMAGNETIC CORE/ANTIFERROMAGNETIC SHELL MORPHOLOGY
Authors: EFTAXIAS E. , VASILAKAKI M. , TROHIDOU K. N. 
Published: August 2007

We have used the Monte Carlo simulation technique to investigate the mechanism that gives the exchange bias effects on composite magnetic nanoparticles with Ferromagnetic (FM) core/Antiferromagnetic (AFM) shell morphology. Our study shows that:. (a) the exchange bias field depends mainly on the structure of the interface and less on its size,. (b) when the shell size becomes bigger than the core size the exchange bias field decreases,. (c) the size of the vertical shift depends on the total number of uncompensated spins in the nanoparticle and. (d) the training effect has its origin to the rearrangement of the spins at the FM/AFM interface. Our results are in good agreement with experimental findings.
Sensitivity of Australian Rainfall to Inter–El Niño Variations
Authors: Wang Guomin , Hendon Harry H. 
Published: August 2007

Abstract
Australia typically experiences drought during El Niño, especially across the eastern two-thirds of the continent during austral spring (September–November). There have, however, been some interesting departures from this paradigm. For instance, the near-record-strength El Niño of 1997 was associated with near-normal rainfall. In contrast, eastern Australia experienced near-record drought during the modest El Niño of 2002. This stark contrast raises the issue of how the magnitude of the drought is related to the character and magnitude of El Niño, for instance as measured by the broadscale sea surface temperature (SST) anomaly in the equatorial eastern Pacific. Internal (unpredictable) atmospheric noise is one plausible explanation for this contrasting behavior during these El Niño events. Here, the authors suggest that Australian rainfall is sensitive to the zonal distribution of SST anomalies during El Niño and, in particular, the greatest sensitivity is to the SST variations on the eastern edge of the Pacific warm pool rather than in the eastern Pacific where El Niño variations are typically largest. Positive SST anomalies maximized near the date line in 2002, but in 1997 maximum anomalies were shifted well into the eastern Pacific, where their influence on Australian rainfall appears to be less. These findings provide a plausible physical basis for the view that forecasting the strength of El Niño is not sufficient to accurately predict rainfall variations across Australia during El Niño.
Influence of the Madden–Julian Oscillation on Southern African Summer Rainfall
Authors: Pohl B. , Richard Y. , Fauchereau N. 
Published: August 2007

Abstract
Composite maps of outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) anomalies over the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) cycle show marked intraseasonal fluctuations over southern Africa (south of 15°S). Large-scale convective clusters are seen to propagate eastward and then northward over the continent, mainly between 10° and 20°S. The corresponding response of the rainfall field presents the alternation, over the cycle, of dry and humid phases, which are both significant. Moisture flux anomalies indicate an intraseasonal modulation of the midtropospheric easterly flow over the Congo basin at 700 hPa; these fluctuations are coupled to meridional flux anomalies that extend from the tropical to the subtropical austral latitudes, and favor occurrences of wet or dry conditions over the domain. Though statistically significant, the influence of the MJO on southern Africa is however not homogeneous spatially, and only the tropical areas exhibit sharp periodicities in the 30–60-day period range.
The OLR dipole observed in previous studies at the interannual and synoptic time scales between the hinterland parts of southern Africa and the southwestern Indian Ocean in the north of Madagascar is investigated next, as it also shows strong fluctuations at the intraseasonal time scale. The study points out that the dipole is partly influenced by the MJO, though the strongest periodicities are found for slightly longer periods (35–80 days) than those typically associated with the oscillation. The forcing of the MJO on the OLR dipole, though significant, remains thus partial.
Spatiotemporal Stochastic Simulation of Monthly Rainfall Patterns in the United Kingdom (1980–87)
Authors: Ekström Marie , Kyriakidis Phaedon C. , Chappell Adrian , Jones Philip D. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractWith few exceptions, spatial estimation of rainfall typically relies on information in the spatial domain only. In this paper, a method that utilizes information in time and space and provides an assessment of estimate uncertainty is used to create a gridded monthly rainfall dataset for the United Kingdom over the period 1980–87. Observed rainfall profiles within the region were regarded as the sum of a deterministic temporal trend and a stochastic residual component. The parameters of the temporal trend components established at the rain gauges were interpolated in space, accounting for their auto- and cross correlation, and for relationships with ancillary spatial variables. Stochastic Gaussian simulation was then employed to generate alternative realizations of the spatiotemporal residual component, which were added to the estimated trend component to yield realizations of rainfall (after distributional corrections). In total, 40 realizations of rainfall were generated for each month of the 8-yr period. The methodology resulted in reasonably accurate estimates of rainfall but underestimated in northwest and north Scotland and northwest England. The cause for the underestimation was identified as a weak relationship between local rainfall and the spatial area average rainfall, used to estimate the temporal trend model in these regions, and suggestions were made for improvement. The strengths of this method are the utilization of information from the time and space domain, and the assessment of spatial uncertainty in the estimated rainfall values.
A Synthesis of Antarctic Temperatures
Authors: Chapman William L. , Walsh John E. 
Published: August 2007

Abstract
Monthly surface air temperatures from land surface stations, automatic weather stations, and ship/buoy observations from the high-latitude Southern Hemisphere are synthesized into gridded analyses at a resolution appropriate for applications ranging from spatial trend analyses to climate change impact assessments. Correlation length scales are used to enhance information content while limiting the spatial extent of influence of the sparse data in the Antarctic region. The correlation length scales are generally largest in summer and over the Antarctic continent, while they are shortest over the winter sea ice. Gridded analyses of temperature anomalies, limited to regions within a correlation length scale of at least one observation, are constructed and validated against observed temperature anomalies in single-station-out experiments. Trends calculated for the 1958–2002 period suggest modest warming over much of the 60°–90°S domain. All seasons show warming, with winter trends being the largest at +0.172°C decade−1 while summer warming rates are only +0.045°C decade−1. The 45-yr temperature trend for the annual means is +0.082°C decade−1 corresponding to a +0.371°C temperature change over the 1958–2002 period of record. Trends computed using these analyses show considerable sensitivity to start and end dates, with trends calculated using start dates prior to 1965 showing overall warming, while those using start dates from 1966 to 1982 show net cooling over the region. Because of the large interannual variability of temperatures over the continental Antarctic, most of the continental trends are not statistically significant. However, the statistically significant warming over the Antarctic Peninsula is the strongest and most seasonally robust in the spatial patterns of temperature change.
Composite (11-model) global climate model (GCM) simulations for 1958–2002 with forcing from historic aerosol and greenhouse gas concentrations show warming patterns and magnitudes similar to the corresponding observed trends for the 45-yr period. GCM projections for the rest of the twenty-first century, however, discontinue the pattern of strongest warming over the Antarctic Peninsula, but instead show the strongest warming over the Antarctic continent.
Assessment of Dynamic Downscaling of the Continental U.S. Regional Climate Using the Eta/SSiB Regional Climate Model
Authors: Xue Yongkang , Vasic Ratko , Janjic Zavisa , Mesinger Fedor , Mitchell Kenneth E. 
Published: August 2007

Abstract
This study investigates the capability of the dynamic downscaling method (DDM) in a North American regional climate study using the Eta/Simplified Simple Biosphere (SSiB) Regional Climate Model (RCM). The main objective is to understand whether the Eta/SSiB RCM is capable of simulating North American regional climate features, mainly precipitation, at different scales under imposed boundary conditions. The summer of 1998 was selected for this study and the summers of 1993 and 1995 were used to confirm the 1998 results. The observed precipitation, NCEP–NCAR Global Reanalysis (NNGR), and North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR) were used for evaluation of the model’s simulations and/or as lateral boundary conditions (LBCs). A spectral analysis was applied to quantitatively examine the RCM’s downscaling ability at different scales.
The simulations indicated that choice of domain size, LBCs, and grid spacing were crucial for the DDM. Several tests with different domain sizes indicated that the model in the North American climate simulation was particularly sensitive to its southern boundary position because of the importance of moisture transport by the southerly low-level jet (LLJ) in summer precipitation. Among these tests, only the RCM with 32-km resolution and NNGR LBC or with 80-km resolution and NARR LBC, in conjunction with appropriate domain sizes, was able to properly simulate precipitation and other atmospheric variables—especially humidity over the southeastern United States—during all three summer months—and produce a better spectral power distribution than that associated with the imposed LBC (for the 32-km case) and retain spectral power for large wavelengths (for the 80-km case). The analysis suggests that there might be strong atmospheric components of high-frequency variability over the Gulf of Mexico and the southeastern United States.
15-Year Follow-up of Neuromuscular Function in Patients with Unilateral Nonreconstructed Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury Initially Treated with Rehabilitation and Activity Modification
Authors: Ageberg Eva , Pettersson Annika , Fridén Thomas 
Published: August 2007

Background It has been suggested that neuromuscular function is of importance in the overall outcome after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. Hypothesis Good neuromuscular function can be achieved and maintained over time in subjects with ACL injury treated with rehabilitation and activity modification but without reconstructive surgery. Study Design Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods One hundred consecutive patients (42 women and 58 men) with acute ACL injury at a nonprofessional, recreational or competitive activity level were assessed 1, 3, and 15 years after injury. Their mean age at inclusion was 26 years (range, 15-43 years). All patients initially underwent rehabilitation and were advised to modify their activity level, especially by avoiding contact sports. Patients with recurrent giving-way episodes or secondary meniscal injuries that required fixation were subsequently excluded and underwent reconstruction of the ACL. Sixty-seven patients (71% of those available for follow-up) with unilateral nonreconstructed injury remained at the 15-year follow-up. Fifty-six of these 67 patients were examined with the single-legged hop test for distance and knee muscle strength. The limb symmetry index (LSI), calculated by dividing the result for the injured leg by that of the uninjured leg and multiplying by 100, was used for comparisons over time (paired t test). Results The LSI for the single-legged hop test was higher at the 3-year follow-up (mean, 98.5%; standard deviation [SD], 7.6%) than at the 15-year follow-up (mean, 94.8%; SD, 10.5%) (mean difference, —3.7%; 95% confidence interval [CI], —6.1% to —1.2%; P = .004). The LSI for isometric extension was higher at the 15-year follow-up (mean, 97.2%; SD, 13.7%) than at the 1-year follow-up (mean, 88.2%; SD, 15.4%) (mean difference, 9.0%; 95% CI, 3.7% to 14.4%; P = .001). At the 15-year follow-up, between 69% and 85% of the patients had an LSI ≥90%. Conclusions Good functional performance and knee muscle strength can be achieved and maintained over time in the majority of patients with ACL injury treated with rehabilitation and early activity modification but without reconstructive surgery.
Revision Hip Arthroscopy
Authors: Philippon Marc J. , Schenker Mara L. , Briggs Karen K. , Kuppersmith David A. , Maxwell R. Brian , Stubbs Allston J. 
Published: August 2007

Background Hip arthroscopy has become increasingly popular; however, little is known about revision hip arthroscopy. Hypothesis Revision hip arthroscopy is associated with unaddressed femoroacetabular impingement. The purpose of this study was to describe reasons for revision hip arthroscopy. Study Design Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods Between March 2005 and March 2006, 37 revision hip arthroscopies were performed by the senior author. Data were collected through retrospective review of clinical and operative notes. Results All patients required revision surgery because of persistent hip pain. There were 25 women and 12 men with an average age of 33 years (range, 16-53 years). The average time from prior surgery to revision was 20.5 months (range, 2.9-84 months). Common findings among patients needing revision were hip pain, decreased range of motion, and functional disability. The average modified Harris Hip Score was 53 (range, 22-99). Thirty-six patients had radiographic evidence of femoroacetabular impingement at the time of revision. Revision procedures included 34 (95%) for femoroacetabular impingement, 32 (87%) for labral lesions, 26 (70%) for a chondral defect, 23 (62%) for lysis of adhesions, and 13 (35%) for previously unaddressed instability. Two patients had total hip arthroplasty after revision, and 3 patients required further revision. Of the remaining 32 patients, early follow-up was obtained on 27 (84%) at an average of 12.7 months postoperatively (range, 6-19 months). Outcomes showed patients regained some of their lost function within the first year. Conclusion Patients commonly required revision hip arthroscopy because of persistent impingement.