bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Demonstration of High-Temperature Superconducting Applied field Magnetoplasmadynamic Thrusters
Authors: Zheng Jinxing , liu haiyang , Du Yifan , Aftab Hammad , Li Ming , Zhu Lei , Lu Yudong , Liu Fei , Tang Zhuoyao , Wang Luoqi , Wu Tao , Ke Maolin , Wu Meiqi , Shi Jiaming , Liu Yingchun , Wu Guoqiang , Li Shaoqian , Song Yuntao 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Propelling the future of space exploration, electric propulsion stands as a transformative force, showcasing high efficiency, reliability, and environmental consciousness in comparison to conventional chemical propulsion. The applied field MPD thruster, as an electric propulsion device, can produce high thrust and impulse, provided that some known issues (such as cathode lifespan, cooling system, high payload, and theoretical challenges) hindering efficiency are addressed.
At the vanguard of our breakthroughs is introduction of a sterling cooling system, for High-Temperature Superconducting magnet for Applied field MPD thruster. This system replaces large helium tanks, thereby increasing the payload capacity for more efficient flight missions. Our primary focus on ensuring stability and boosting efficiency, marking a significant step forward in the world of space propulsion. The introduction of a rare earth-doped nano-cathode is a breakthrough in addressing the challenge of cathode lifespan within the Applied Field MPD thruster. Through the strategic infusion of rare earth materials into tungsten, we have successfully shattered the limitations on cathode lifespan, an impediment that has long hindered efficiency in Applied field MPD thrusters.
Our comprehensive theoretical model peels back the layers of complexity surrounding the Applied Field MPD thruster, offering profound insights. The interplay of plasma expansion within a magnetic nozzle geometry, set by the HTS magnet, unveils a discernible relationship between thrust and applied field strength. TSwirl emerges as the major conductor, orchestrating thrust at low mass flow rates. The story concludes with an experimental high note, where we achieve an awe-inspiring thrust of 283 mN at a mass flow rate of 20 mg/s. The pinnacle of our achievement, however, lies in the attainment of the highest specific impulse, reaching an astounding 3265 s at a mere 5 mg/s. Efficiency takes the spotlight with a remarkable 172% increase, surpassing the performance of a copper magnet in an equivalent configuration. This monumental success, achieved with argon propellant at a modest power input of 8 kW, heralds a paradigm shift in the efficiency of low-power Applied Field MPD thrusters.
Room-temperature hundred-μm quantum states in Cu(111)
Authors: Jeong Se-Young , Park Byung Cheol , Ha Taewoo , Kim Su Jae , Lee Yousil , Yun Changjin , Regmi Binod , Rhie Kungwon , Lee Kyujoon , Kim Jungdae , Choi Hak Soo , Kim Seong-Gon 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The quantum state of matter, a platform of profound quantum physics, is coherent under extreme conditions, such as ultralow temperature and two-dimensional confinement. Herein, in contrast to conventional views, the Cu(111) grain boundary (GB)-free films show quantum states greater than 400 μm at room temperature (RT). We directly observe hundred-micrometre-scale coherence and interference in the Cu(111) quantum states across four dimensions over time, frequency, and space. This RT macroscopic quantum nature is observed via tip-assisted terahertz spectroscopy, enabling access to electrons in picoseconds before losing their coherence due to impurity scattering. The quantum edge and bulk electron states exhibiting ‘quantum oscillation’ are separately visualized under cross-polarization conditions at distinct frequencies: vortical edge charges at 0.2 THz and circulating bulk charges at 0.6 THz. Our findings highlight the combination of the lengthened coherence in GB-free noble metals; here, the quantum states are sustainable for over one year due to the oxidation resistance of GB-free Cu(111), and GB-free Cu(111) is an unprecedented room-temperature quantum platform.
Diagnosis of Hemoglobinopathies and thalassemias using both Haemoglobin capillary zone electrophoresis and High performance liquid chromatography - An experience from a tertiary care hospital in Northern India
Authors: Kaur Gurpreet , Ahuja Ankur , Venkatesan Somasundaram , Singhal Paresh , Singh Kanwaljeet , Kanaimparampil Michael John , Singh Vikram 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Being an important cause of morbidity and mortality, thalassemias and hemoglobinopathies impose a heavy burden on families and the health sector in our country. It has has been estimated that in India, 0.37 per 1,000 fetuses have Hb disorder and more than 10,000 children are born annually with severe hemoglobinopathy and only around 10.0% are managed optimally, therefore screening and diagnosis of carriers is of paramount importance especially in an antenatal OPD.
While Haemoglobin capillary zone electrophoresis (HbCZE) and High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) are commonly used methods for diagnosis of these entities, there are far and few studies which attempt to compare these two techniques. Haemoglobin A2 (HbA2) constitutes less than 3% of the total hemoglobin (Hb) in adults and the determination of Hb A2 levels is important to diagnose the beta thalassemia trait (BTT). In some cases, the level of HbA2 is not typically elevated and some difficulties may arise in making the diagnosis and hence accurate assessment of HbA2 becomes of paramount importance. HPLC and HbCZE are considered acceptable methods to diagnose BTT but these vary in their accuracy and cut-offs. Complex elution patterns as well as co-elution of variants like HbA2, HbE, Hb Lepore, HbD Iran create difficulty in interpretation of HPLC plots.The aim of this study was to compare the results of HPLC and HbCZE technique for screening of clinically significant haemoglobin disorders. On comparing the HbA2 values the HPLC showed higher values for HbA2 with a median values as compared to HbCZE while when no variant was present, the Hb A2 concentrations showed excellent agreement. The Hb F, HbS measurement agreement was good between both methods. To conclude HPLC and HbCZE are complementary techniques and normal ranges and means normal values differ between different methods and different manufacturers and therefore it is important that each lab establish its own cut offs.
Gallic acid derived aza Michael adducts at diarylpropanone framework exhibit antiproliferative and synergistic antibacterial activities
Authors: Singh Sneha , Khan Sana , Kurmi Alka , Das Ranjana , Thapa Barsha , Rani Poonam , Khan Feroz , Saikia Dharmendra , Chanda Debabrata , Negi Arvind Singh 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Development of resistance against most of the clinical antibiotics is a menace to their use in future. Present study aimed at design and synthesis of some microtubule dynamics modulators as antibacterial and anticancer agents. Eight diverse Aza Michael adducts were prepared at diarylpropenone core with desired motifs in 38–57% yields. Compound 6b showed significant antiproliferative activity against leukemic cell line K562. While compound 6h exhibited potent antibacterial activity against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin resistant S. epidermidis. In the checker board experiment 6h showed synergistic effect in combination of penicillin and also with norfloxacin, up to four-fold reduction in quantity of the antibiotic drug. Its effect was bacteriostatic as evident from time kill assay. The 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl motif induces antitubulin effect in Aza Michael adduct 6b for anticancer activity. Both the leads can further be optimized for better efficacy in future.
Dengue virus IgG and serotype-specific neutralizing antibody titers measured with standard and mature viruses are associated with protection
Authors: Katzelnick Leah , Odio Camila , Daag Jedas , Crisostomo Maria Vinna , Voirin Charlie , Escoto Ana Coello , Adams Cameron , Hein Lindsay Dahora , Aogo Rosemary , Mpingabo Patrick , Rodriguez Guillermo Raimundi , Firdous Saba , Fernandez Maria Abad , White Laura , Agrupis Kristal-An , Deen Jacqueline , de Silva Aravinda , Ylade Michelle 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Recent work demonstrates the limitations of the standard dengue virus (DENV) neutralization assay to predict protection against dengue. We perform studies to compare how a commercial IgG ELISA, envelope domain III (EDIII) or non-structural protein 1 (NS1) binding antibodies, and titers from plaque reduction neutralization tests (PRNTs) using reference standard and clinical mature viruses are associated with dengue disease. Healthy children (n = 1,206) in Cebu, Philippines were followed for 5 years. High ELISA values (≥3) were associated with reduced dengue probability relative to naïve children (3% vs. 10%, p = 0.008), but antibody binding EDIII or NS1 from each serotype had no association. High standard and mature geometric mean PRNT titers were associated with reduced dengue disease overall (p < 0.01), and high DENV2 and DENV3 titers in both assays provided protection against the matched serotype (p < 0.02). However, while 52% of dengue cases had standard virus PRNT titers > 100, only 2% of cases had mature virus PRNT titers > 100 (p < 0.001), indicating a lower, more consistent threshold for protection. Each assay may be useful for different purposes as correlates of protection in population and vaccine trials.
Enhancing Lung Function in COPD Patients using Nebulized Furosemide as an Adjunct therapy: A Triple-Blinded, Cross-Over RCT
Authors: Ragab Reham , Zaki Adel , Abdallah Alaa Eldeen , Shehata Gihan Mohammed , Elsayed Magda , Hameed Asmaa Abdel 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) represents a major global health burden. While most COPD trials focus on acute exacerbations, there is limited evidence in stable COPD. Prior research on nebulized furosemide was also predominantly in exacerbated COPD patients.
Objective
We aimed to evaluate the impact of adding nebulized furosemide as adjuvant therapy to conventional treatments in patients with very severe stable COPD.
Methods
We conducted a triple-blinded, crossover, randomized controlled trial at Alexandria University Hospital Chest Clinic. Patients with stable COPD were randomized to receive either nebulized furosemide or saline plus salbutamol-ipratropium, with crossover after a washout period. Spirometry was performed at baseline and after each treatment.
Results
92 patients completed the trial. Compared to saline, furosemide significantly improved FVC, FEV1, and FEV1/FVC ratio. Furosemide increased FVC by 9.42% versus 5.83% with saline (p < 0.001), with similar FEV1 improvements. The FEV1/FVC ratio increased by 3.32% with furosemide (p < 0.05) but not saline. Heart failure and smoking pack-years negatively impacted lung function.
Conclusions
In stable COPD, nebulized furosemide significantly enhances bronchodilation from salbutamol-ipratropium compared to saline. Furosemide could provide a good adjunctive therapy for stable COPD management.
Research on seismic response of museum cultural relics for shock absorption and seismic isolation
Authors: Huo Yiran , Liu Dewen , Guo Zhongfa , Li Hui , Luo Xiaoxuan , Lei Min 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Museum cultural relics are valuable heritages of the development and change of the Chinese Nation over thousands of years, so the research on the protection of cultural relics is of great significance. In this paper, for the research on double shockproof of museums and cultural relics showcases in the museum, finite element models of the base fixed structure, base isolated structure and viscous fluid damper structure of the museum are established, model analysis and time-history analysis are carried out to compare the seismic effect of the three kinds of structures. At the same time, the fixed cultural relics showcase, isolated cultural relics showcase and viscous fluid damper cultural relics showcase are established, and the seismic response analysis is carried out by inputting seismic waves and floor waves of the museums to study the acceleration and displacement response of the showcase countertop. The results show that, compared with the base fixed structure and base isolated structure of the museum, the viscous fluid damper structure of the museum can better reduce the inter-story shear force, inter-story drift and the floor acceleration response of the structure, and more effectively consume the seismic energy input to the structure, with the most obvious effect of shock absorption and seismic isolation; relative to the base fixed structure and base isolated structure, under the action of floor waves of the viscous fluid damper structure of the museum, the isolated cultural relics showcase and viscous fluid damper cultural relics showcase for shock absorption and seismic isolation are very obvious, so the isolated cultural relics showcase and viscous fluid damper cultural relics showcase are placed in the viscous fluid damper structure of the museum, all can achieve the purpose of the double shockproof of the cultural relics.
Research on Hybrid Strategy Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm and Its Applications
Authors: Yao Jicheng , Luo Xiaonan , Li Fang , Dou Jundi , Luo Hongtai 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

The current original Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm faces challenges such as susceptibility to local optima, slow search speed, and low precision in local search. To address this, a hybrid strategy PSO algorithm (HSPSO) is proposed in this paper. This algorithm enhances global search capability and search speed while improving local search precision through methods like adaptive weight adjustment, reverse learning strategy, Cauchy mutation mechanism, and Hook-Jeeves strategy. HSPSO demonstrates excellent performance in comprehensive comparisons on benchmark functions. Furthermore, when applied to feature selection experiments on the arrhythmia dataset, the constructed HSPSO-FS model performs remarkably, reaffirming the effectiveness of HSPSO. The proposed HSPSO algorithm exhibits significant efficacy in optimization problems, offering an effective approach to tackling complex issues.
Forceps minor control of social behaviour
Authors: Hengerer Bastian , Stoller Franziska , Hinds Eleanor , Ionescu Tudor , Khatamsaz Elmira , Marston Hugh 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

The clinical work package of PRISM, a collaborative research project funded by the EU public-private Innovative Medicine Initiative, identified a transdiagnostic and pathophysiological relationship between default mode network (DMN) integrity and social dysfunction. For testing the causality between the quantitative variation in DMN integrity and social dysfunction, we developed a preclinical backtranslation approach for disturbing DMN integrity and applied cutting-edge technologies such as functional ultrasound imaging and automated analysis of social behaviour in groups of mice5. Here we show that focal demyelination in the DMN leads to a decrease in global DMN connectivity and subsequently to impaired social behaviour and increased anxiety in mice. Reversibility of these observations suggests that integrity of the forceps minor, a fibre tract connecting important regions of the DMN in the prefrontal brain, plays a significant role in social functioning. In summary, this back-translation study demonstrates a causal pathophysiological relationship between DMN integrity and social dysfunction. The findings can support precision psychiatry approaches for the development of effective treatment of social dysfunction.
Harnessing noncanonical trans-cleavage characteristics of Cas12 and Cas13a to enhance CRISPR-based diagnostics
Authors: Wu Qing , Yi Zhengfei , Li Haoran , Han Guoxin , Du Jianyong , Xiong Jingwei , Hu Keping , Gao Hai 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Cas12 and Cas13 are extensively utilized in molecular diagnostics for their trans-cleavage activities, yet their activation characteristics remain partially understood. Here, we conduct an in-depth investigation of Cas12a, Cas12f1, and Cas13a, uncovering the characteristics of their trans-DNase and trans-RNase activities with noncanonical activators. Our findings reveal that DNA can serve as a direct target for CRISPR-Cas13a, markedly increasing the detection sensitivity for single-base mismatches. Moreover, the trans-cleavage activities of Cas12a and Cas13a can be activated by diverse RNA:DNA and RNA:RNA duplexes, respectively, indicating that the presence of stem-loop structures in crRNAs is not essential for their activation. Notably, Cas12f1, unlike Cas12a, exhibits intrinsic RNase activity independently of activation. Leveraging these insights, we have improved the accuracy of a dual-gene target detection approach that employs the CRISPR-Cas12f1 and Cas13a systems. Our research advances the understanding of the noncanonical activation characteristics of Cas12 and Cas13a, contributing to the field of CRISPR-based diagnostics.
SETD2 as an epigenetic sentinel of transcriptional fidelity in cardiomyocytes: a mechanistic link to heart failure
Authors: Chang Jiang , Luo Weijia , Chen Zhishi , Yi Xin , Dai Yuan , Yu Wei , Jensen Garrett , Wang Zhongjing , Wang Xinjie , Tao Ye , Du Xiao , Ramos Kenneth , Youker Keith 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Epigenetic modulations are pivotal in heart disease progression, yet the specific influence of epigenetic alterations on transcription initiation and elongation in heart failure (HF) is poorly understood. This study focuses on the SETD2-H3K36me3 axis, a key conserved regulator of transcriptional initiation fidelity. We found that SETD2 and H3K36me3 levels were significantly decreased in failing human and mouse hearts, coinciding with a profound increase in cryptic transcripts. Cardiac-specific Setd2 knockout (KO) caused progressive HF in the mice. By comprehensive multi-omics sequencing and functional assessments, we demonstrated that SETD2 deficiency led to substantial increases in unannotated intragenic transcription and translation initiation events, resulting in the emergence of aberrant transcripts and an accumulation of micropeptides, therefore, exacerbating cardiac function. Conversely, overexpressing SETD2 protected the heart from pressure overload-induced HF and attenuated cryptic transcript accumulation, suggesting that maintaining transcription integrity is crucial for heart health. Our findings reveal a novel association between transcription fidelity disruption and HF, offering potential new directions for therapeutic intervention.
Universal Hydrogel Adhesives with Robust Chain Entanglement for Bridging Soft Electronic Materials
Authors: Seo Jungmok , Jo Yejin , Lee Yurim , Heo Jeong Hyun , Son Yeonzu , Kim Tae Young , Park Kijun , Kim Soye , Jin Yoonhee , Park Seongjun 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Ensuring stable integration of diverse soft electronic components for reliable operation under dynamic conditions is crucial. However, integrating soft electronics, comprising various materials like polymers, metals, and hydrogels, poses challenges due to their different mechanical and chemical properties. This study introduces a dried-hydrogel adhesive made of poly(vinyl alcohol) and tannic acid multilayers (d-HAPT), which integrates soft electronic materials through moisture-derived chain entanglement. d-HAPT is a thin (~ 1µm) and highly transparent (over 85% transmittance in the visible light region) adhesive, showing robust bonding (up to 3.6 MPa) within a short time (< 1 min). d-HAPT demonstrates practical application in wearable devices, including a hydrogel touch panel and strain sensors. Additionally, the potential of d-HAPT for use in implantable electronics is demonstrated through in vivo neuromodulation and electrocardiographic recording experiments while confirming its biocompatibility both in vitro and in vivo. It is expected that d-HAPT will provide a reliable platform for integrating soft electronic applications.
Exploring the causality between gut microbiota and esophageal carcinoma: a two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis
Authors: Lu Bingxiao , Zuo Xiangzeng , Deng Jie , Gong Xiaoyu , Wu Na , Li Yunxia , Zheng Jinping , Li Junjie , Lv Dongjin 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
Esophageal cancer is a common tumor of upper gastrointestinal tract. However, the increasing evidence indicates that gut microbiota are closely related to the occurrence and development of esophageal cancer, the causal association between gut microbiota and esophageal cancer remains to be determined. As a consequence, in this paper, a two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis was used to evaluate and explore the causal relationship between gut microbiota and the risk of esophageal cancer, and identify specific pathogenic bacterial taxa.
Methods
Genetic instrumental variables for gut microbiota were identified from a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 18,340 participants, esophageal cancer as the outcome variable was identified from a GWAS including 1091 cases and 410,350 controls. Using the inverse variance weighted (IVW) method as the primary analysis, and further (using) the weighted median method, MR-Egger regression, MR multi-directional residuals, and outlier tests were further performed to improve the robustness of the results.
Results
The IVW results showed that genus.DefluviitaleaceaeUCG011 (OR = 3.124, 95%CI 1.388–7.031, P = 0.006), genus.LachnospiraceaeUCG008 (OR = 3.964,95%CI 1.463–10.740, P = 0.007), family.Pasteurellaceae.id.3689(OR = 2.022, 95%CI 1.046 − 3.909, P = 0.036)and order.Pasteurellales.id.3688༈OR = 2.022, 95%CI1.046 − 3.909, P = 0.036༉showing a positive causal relationship between gut microbiota and esophageal cancer.Conversely,genus.Peptococcus(OR = 0.525, 95% CI 0.286–0.961,P = 0.037) ,genus.Ruminiclostridium5(OR = 0.117,95%CI0.0310.442,P = 0.002),genus.RuminococcaceaeUCG009 ༈OR = 0.350, 95%CI 0.157 − 0.777, P = 0.01༉and genus.Ruminococcus1༈OR = 0.341, 95%CI 0.118 − 0.985, P = 0.047༉showed a negative causal relationship with esophageal cancer. No significant heterogeneity was found in the instrumental variable or horizontal pleiotropy.
Conclusions
Our MR analysis study revealed that the gut microbiota was causally associated with esophageal cancer and the risk of esophageal cancer, and also identified eight bacterial taxa with a causal relationship with the development and progression of esophageal cancer.That may be useful in providing new insights for further mechanistic and clinical studies of microbiota-mediated cancer.
Analysis and comparison of blood metabolome of forest musk deer in musk secretion and non- secretion periods
Authors: Wang Yufan , Yang Pengcheng , Chen Taoyue , Hu Jingyao , An Xian , Wang Yufan , Liu Shuqiang 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Musk is an important animal product, but the musk secretion mechanism of forest musk deer(Moschus berezovskii) is still unclear. The musk synthesis process in forest musk deer is extremely complex, and many raw materials are directly or indirectly derived from forest musk deer blood.In this study, metabolomics was used to analyze the blood of forest musk deer in secretory and non-secretory phases for the first time, aim at explaining the secretion mechanism from the perspective of blood metabolism. We found that P450-related, choline-related, axonal regeneration and other pathways and related metabolites were significantly enriched during the musk secretion of forest musk deer. These pathways and metabolites related to P450 and choline in blood may have important implications for the mechanism of musk secretion in forest musk deer, because blood components were closely related to musk components and could provide raw materials for musk synthesis in musk gland cells.