bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Representing German Victimhood and Guilt: The Neue Wache and Unified German Memory
Authors: Kattago Siobhan 
Published: November 2007

Commemorating National Socialism and Communism from the perspectiveof 1989 often results in an uneasy conflation of Germanguilt and victimhood. When the events of 1933-1989 are presentedas one long authoritarian period, war and tyranny can easily be construedas external forces that simply befell the German nation.While memories of national guilt are divisive, memories of victimhoodunify and simplify an otherwise ambiguous past. The 1995restoration of Berlin’s Neue Wache is emblematic of this conflationof guilt and victimhood. As the central German memorial to all victimsof war and tyranny, the Neue Wache neither distinguishesbetween dictatorships, nor between perpetrator and victim.
Explaining Far-Right Electoral Successes in Germany: The Politicization of Immigration-Related Issues
Authors: Karapin Roger 
Published: November 2007

Most explanations that have been advanced regarding the recentsuccesses of far-right parties in Western Europe suggest that theseparties should have also done well in Germany. With a high percapitaincome and a strong export-oriented economy, Germany hasexperienced large-scale immigration, a shift toward postindustrialoccupations, economic restructuring, unemployment, and socialmarginalization of the poorest strata. These socioeconomic developmentshave been accompanied by political responses whichshould also benefit the far right: political parties have lost credibility, non-voting has increased, and ecological parties have becomeestablished and have spurred environmental, feminist, and proimmigrantpolicies.
Context and Consequence: The Impact of the New Radical Right on the Political Process in France and Germany
Authors: Minkenberg Michael 
Published: November 2007

International comparisons of new radical right-wing parties usuallyfocus on differences in electoral fortunes, party organizations, andleadership styles and conclude that Germany stands out as a specialcase of successful marginalization of the new radical right. Explanationsfor this German anomaly point at the combined effects of Germanhistory and institutional arrangements of the Federal Republicof Germany, of ideological dilemmas and strategic failures of thevarious parties of the new radical right, and the efforts of the establishedpolitical parties to prevent the rise of new parties to the rightof them. By implication, this means that, whereas in countries likeFrance or Austria the new radical right plays a significant role in politicsto the point of changing the political systems themselves, theGerman counterpart has a negligible impact and has little or noeffects on politics and polity.
Problematic Normalization: Eastern German Workers Eight Years after Unification
Authors: Segert Astrid 
Published: November 2007

How can one best investigate the mental attitudes and patterns ofbehavior of eastern Germans eight years after political unification?Since 1990, the method dominating this discussion has been basedon measuring the degree to which easterners have “caught up” withthe supposedly more modern western Germans. However, empiricalstudies and surveys have shown that this model is an ineffective, eveninappropriate means of describing how unification has impacted thelives of eastern Germans. In this article, I argue that a more appropriateapproach is to consider the enduring differences in the opportunitystructures among eastern and western Germans, as well as thedifferences in their respective behavioral patterns. In this context,“opportunity structure” refers to the opportunities provided and limitationsimposed by social structures. For the analysis of opportunitystructures, I focus on what I call “contradictory adaptation” and“problematic normalization.” My analysis of behavioral patternsemphasizes the logic internal to the subjects themselves (Eigenlogik).This internal logic differs significantly from outsiders’ interpretationsof easterners’ behavior, as the following example illustrates.
Putting Humpty-Dumpty Back Together Again: Communism’s Collapse and the Reconstruction of the East German Ex-Communist Party
Authors: Ziblatt Daniel F. 
Published: November 2007

The collapse of communism did not follow any single path in eastcentral Europe. In Hungary and Poland, the transition was markedby early negotiations between opposition elites and the ruling Communistparty. In East Germany and Czechoslovakia, the regimes fellvictim to a sudden and quick implosion. In Romania and Bulgaria,internal coups replaced the ruling communist elite with other membersof the nomenklatura. The transitions away from communist rulediverged from each other in timing, manner, and degree.
The Politics of Memorial Representation: The Controversy Over the German Resistance Museum in 1994
Authors: Case J. David 
Published: November 2007

The study of historical memory in its various forms is a burgeoningarea of inquiry among historians. The debate over public, official,government-supported memory and private individual memoriesreveals a complex dynamic among myth, memory, and history,which as Michel Foucault and others have argued, is simply the dominantform of memory in a society at a given time.1 Some of the mostrevealing instances of the intersection between public and privatememory are commemorations and memorial sites where personalmemories are created and sustained within the context of the officialrepresentation of the event and those involved. The constant need tolocate memories within a larger social frame of reference ensuresthat supporters of different memories of the same event will directlyand forcefully link images from the present with their memories ofthe past, no matter how incongruous these images may appear.
Immigration and Citizenship in Germany
Authors: Münz Rainer , Ulrich Ralf 
Published: November 2007

In Germany, as in many other European democracies, immigrationand citizenship are contested and contentious issues. In the Germancase it was both the magnitude of postwar and recent immigration aswell as its interference with questions of identity that created politicaland social conflict. As a result of World War II, the coexistenceof two German states, and the persistence of ethnic German minoritiesin central and eastern Europe, (West) Germany’s migration andnaturalization policy was inclusive toward expellees, GDR citizens,and co-ethnics. At the same time, the Federal Republic of Germany,despite the recruitment of several million foreign labor migrantsand—until 1992—a relatively liberal asylum practice, did not developsimilar mechanisms and policies of absorption and integration of itslegal foreign residents.
Managing Decentralization: The Strategy of Institutional Differentiation in German Industrial Relations
Authors: Schroeder Wolfgang , Weinert Rainer 
Published: November 2007

The approach of the new millennium appears to signal the demiseof traditional models of social organization. The political core ofthis process of change—the restructuring of the welfare state—andthe related crisis of the industrywide collective bargaining agreementhave been subjects of much debate. For some years now inspecialist literature, this debate has been conducted between theproponents of a neo-liberal (minimally regulated) welfare state andthe supporters of a social democratic model (highly regulated). Thealternatives are variously expressed as “exit vs. voice,” “comparativeausterity vs. progressive competitiveness,” or “deregulation vs.cooperative re-regulation.”
Mandarins in the Public Sphere: Vergangenheitsbewältigung and the Paradigm of Social History in the Federal Republic of Germany
Authors: Kansteiner Wulf 
Published: November 2007

Since the 1960s, Germany’s historical culture has continually reprocessedthe Nazi past and later the Holocaust for the purposes of education,remembrance, and entertainment. The objective of this process,Vergangenheitsbewältigung, is the self-centered and self-designedtherapeutic treatment of the descendants of the perpetrators andbystanders of Nazism. It seems that Germans, who were better fasciststhan other Europeans, are also determined to excel at the task ofworking through Nazism and the World War II era. Therefore,attempts at mastering the past have given rise to hectic cultural activityas the field of contemporary history illustrates: “[I]ncessantly theGerman business for contemporary history generates fast-food products.It is based on a perpetual mobile of commissions, projects andmini-grants, temporary employment and welfare-to-work subsidies,conferences and lecture series—a perpetual mobile of pedagogical historiographyand history obsessed pedagogy.”
Academic and Public Discourses on the Holocaust: The Goldhagen Debate in Germany
Authors: Herbert Ulrich 
Published: November 2007

Over two years after the appearance of Hitler’s Willing Executioners,very little can be heard about the so-called Goldhagen Debate inGermany: no more scholarly reviews, at most a few echoes here andthere. Over two hundred thousand copies of the book were sold,and it was certainly read almost as many times. But it does notappear in the syllabi of university courses on the Holocaust, exceptperhaps in those that cover historiographical debates. In the Germanedition of Saul Friedländer’s new book, Nazi Germany and the Jews,Daniel Goldhagen does not rate a mention, except for a three linefootnote on page 420 in which his theory is described as “unconvincingon the basis of the materials presented as part of the study.”2Goldhagen’s book, one can confidently predict, will not play a rolein future Holocaust research.
Memory and the Cityscape: The German Architectural Debate about Postmodernism
Authors: James-Chakraborty Kathleen 
Published: November 2007

Few tools of Nazi propaganda were as potent or as permanent asarchitecture. At the instigation of Hitler, who had once aspired to bean architect, the Nazi regime placed unusual importance on thedesign of environments—whether cities, buildings, parade grounds, orhighways—that would glorify the Third Reich and express its dynamicrelationship to both the past and the future. Architecture and urbandesign were integral to the way the regime presented itself at homeand abroad. Newsreels supplemented direct personal experience ofmonumental buildings. Designed to last a thousand years, these edificesappeared to offer concrete testimony of the regime’s enduringcharacter. A more subtle integration of modern functions and vernacularforms, especially in suburban housing, suggested that technologicalprogress could coexist with an “organic” national communityrooted in a quasi-sacred understanding of the landscape.
The Dilemmas of Commemoration
Authors: Hoffmann Christhard 
Published: November 2007

A few weeks after the founding of the Federal Republic of Germanyin May 1949, American High Commissioner John McCloy addressedan assembly of representatives from the West German Jewish community.In a much-discussed speech, he emphasized the centralimportance of public recollection of the crimes of the Third Reich forthe political culture of the young republic. In particular, said McCloy,the relationship of West Germany towards the Jews would be “one ofthe real touchstones and the test of Germany’s progress toward thelight. The moment that Germany has forgotten the Buchenwalds andAuschwitzes, that was the point at which everyone could begin todespair of any progress in Germany.”
Legacies of Divided Memory for German Debates about the Holocaust in the 1990s
Authors: Herf Jeffrey 
Published: November 2007

The legacies of almost a half-century of divided memory continue toinfluence commemoration of the Holocaust in unified Germany.Because these practices were decisively shaped by the multiplerestorations of past political traditions in the early postwar period, Iwill comment on the commemorations of the first two postwardecades in East and West Germany and conclude with brief remarksabout how past legacies influence recent practices. I will examinethe significance of the Holocaust in these events compared to theattention given to the suffering of Nazi Germany’s non-Jewish victims.I will also consider the extent to which distinctions were madeamong the various victims of Nazi Germany, the kind of hierarchiesthat were established among them, and the use of commemorationfor political purposes.
National Identity and Recovering Memories in Contemporary Germany: The Reception of Victor Klemperer’s Diaries
Authors: Richards Earl Jeffrey 
Published: November 2007

The overwhelming critical response in Germany to the publication ofVictor Klemperer’s journals, particularly those spanning the yearsfrom 1933 to 1945, has been a veritable sensation. Hundreds ofreviews, mostly appreciations, have appeared. Klemperer’s journalshave also turned into big business. On October 12, 1999, the Germantelevision channel ARD began broadcasting a thirteen-episode serieson the diaries in the most expensive, made-for-television program ofits kind in Germany. Additionally, the English-language rights to thejournals were sold to Random House for a record $550,000, morethan has ever been paid for translation rights of any German book inhistory. The selling of Klemperer’s journals may have led to a distortedevaluation of their author’s position and importance.
German Reunification from Three Angles
Authors: Livingston Robert Gerald 
Published: November 2007

Robert L. Hutchings, American Diplomacy and the End of the Cold War: An Insider’s Account of U.S. Policy in Europe, 1989-1992 (Washington, D.C. and Baltimore: The Woodrow Wilson Center Press and The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1997)Charles S. Maier, Dissolution: The Crisis of Communism and The End of East Germany (Princeton, New Jersey, Princeton University Press, 1997)Peter E. Quint, The Imperfect Union: Constitutional Structures of German Unification (Princeton, New Jersey, Princeton University Press, 1997)
German Foreign Policy in a Strategic Triangle: Bonn–Paris–Washington
Authors: Haftendorn Helga 
Published: November 2007

German foreign policy operates in a strategic triangle, the corner points of which are Bonn, Paris, and Washington. This constellation dates to the end of World War II. Since that time, German foreign policy has been influenced by this strategic triangle, which provides forpolitical opportunities as well as for significant risks. It relies on the interdependence of German-American, German-French, and French-American relations.
Joint angle, moment and power compensations in dogs with fragmented medial coronoid process
Authors: Dobney J. A. , Owen M. R. , Colborne G. R. , Burton N. J. 
Published: November 2007

SummaryFragmented medial coronoid process (FMCP) is the most common cause of forelimb lameness in juvenile medium and large breed dogs; however methods of assessing the disruption to their gait remain subjective. The purpose of this study was to objectively quantify the mechanical disruptions to gait in dogs with arthroscopically confirmed unilateral FMCP. Seven dogs underwent full inverse dynamic analysis at the time of diagnosis. Kinematic and force data were collected from both forelimbs at trot. Stance phase joint angles, net joint moments and net joint powers were calculated using custom software. There were gross differences in kinetic and kinematic patterns between FMCP affected and compensating forelimbs. Stance time was 0.24 sec on the lame side and 0.26 sec on the compensating side. The shoulder and the elbow were more flexed at ground contact, and elbow, carpal and MCP joints had smaller ranges of motion on the lame side. Net joint moments were significantly reduced (P<0.05) in the elbow, carpal and MCP joints of the FMCP affected limb. Net joint powers were likewise significantly smaller (P<0.05). However, the overall moment and power patterns persisted. Total limb support moment was significantly smaller on the affected side (P<0.05). Total limb power was significantly reduced on the affected side (P<0.05) being most affected in its propulsive phase in the second half of stance. Inverse dynamic analysis of this clinical condition is an objective means by which to assess the mechanical disruption to gait.
Two cases of surgically treated feline patellar fractures
Authors: Scotti S. , Carozzo C. , Bouvy B. , Genevois J.-P. , Guillaumot P. 
Published: November 2007

SummaryA transverse patellar fracture in a six-month-old cat was successfully treated by figure-of-eight dorsal wiring of the patella. A longitudinal patellar fracture with luxation of a large medial fragment in a 2.5-year-old cat was treated by lateral marginal patellectomy with a positive outcome. While adding material to the few veterinary reports in that species, in this brief communication, the authors discuss the aetiology, diagnosis, and the treatment of the presented cases with regards to findings in previously published feline cases.
Determination of Cholinesterase in Blood and Tissue
Authors: Wilson Barry W. , Henderson John D. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe widespread use of organophosphate and organocarbamate pesticides and the dangers of related chemical warfare agents dramatize the importance of rapid, accurate, and sensitive assays for blood and tissue cholinesterases (ChEs), important targets for neurotoxic chemicals. Two ChE enzymes used as biomarkers of exposure are the specific acetylcholinesterases (AChE, EC 3.1.1.7) and the nonspecific plasma cholinesterases (BChE, EC 3.1.1.8). This unit contains two protocols for measuring ChE activity: (1) a colorimetric kinetic method and (2) a radiometric endpoint assay and selective inhibitors that are used to distinguish between the two classes of enzymes. Curr. Protoc. Toxicol. 34:12.13.1‐12.13.16. © 2007 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Comparative Protein Structure Modeling Using MODELLER
Authors: Eswar Narayanan , Webb Ben , Marti‐Renom Marc A. , Madhusudhan M.S. , Eramian David , Shen Min‐yi , Pieper Ursula , Sali Andrej 
Published: November 2007

AbstractFunctional characterization of a protein sequence is a common goal in biology, and is usually facilitated by having an accurate three‐dimensional (3‐D) structure of the studied protein. In the absence of an experimentally determined structure, comparative or homology modeling can sometimes provide a useful 3‐D model for a protein that is related to at least one known protein structure. Comparative modeling predicts the 3‐D structure of a given protein sequence (target) based primarily on its alignment to one or more proteins of known structure (templates). The prediction process consists of fold assignment, target‐template alignment, model building, and model evaluation. This unit describes how to calculate comparative models using the program MODELLER and discusses all four steps of comparative modeling, frequently observed errors, and some applications. Modeling lactate dehydrogenase from Trichomonas vaginalis (TvLDH) is described as an example. The download and installation of the MODELLER software is also described. Curr. Protoc. Protein Sci. 50:2.9.1‐2.9.31. © 2007 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Protein Structure Analysis Online
Authors: Miteva Maria A. , Alexov Emil , Villoutreix Bruno O. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractComputational biology/chemistry tools are used in most areas of life/health science research. These methods are continually being developed and their use can present difficulties for both experienced and novice investigators. To facilitate the use of these applications, many packages have been implemented online during these last 5 years. This unit focuses on online computational methods with a special emphasis on structural refinement/atomic simulations, protein electrostatic calculations, searches for functional sites, searches for druggable pockets, protein docking and small molecule docking, and prediction of potential impact of amino acid variations on the structure and function of the protein molecules. Curr. Protoc. Protein Sci. 50:2.13.1‐2.13.23. © 2007 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Animal Models of Airway Sensitization
Authors: Pichavant Muriel , Goya Sho , Hamelmann Eckard , Gelfand Erwin W. , Umetsu Dale T. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractAsthma is a complex phenotype that involves multiple mechanisms, including adaptive and innate immunity as well as physiological and mechanical changes in the airways. A cardinal feature of asthma is airway hyperreactivity (AHR), a multifaceted reaction that can only be assessed in vivo. Mouse models of asthma replicate many of the features of human asthma, including AHR, which can be assessed using standard protocols. Examination of AHR in mice has provided important information about human asthma, primarily because the immunology of allergy is easily studied in mice, especially with the availability of reagents including genetically modified mice. In this unit we discuss the induction and measurement of AHR and the two most common methodologies: noninvasive measurement using a whole‐body plethysmograph (WBP) and invasive measurement of lung resistance and dynamic compliance. Curr. Protoc. Immunol. 79:15.18.1‐15.18.19. © 2007 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Measuring Protein‐Protein Interactions by Equilibrium Sedimentation
Authors: Balbo Andrea , Brown Patrick H. , Braswell Emory H. , Schuck Peter 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThis unit describes basic principles and practice of sedimentation equilibrium analytical ultracentrifugation for the study of reversible protein interactions, such as the characterization of self‐association, heterogeneous association, and binding stoichiometry, as well as the determination of association constants. Advanced tools such as mass conservation analysis, multiwavelength analysis, and global analysis are introduced and discussed in the context of the experimental design. A detailed protocol guiding the investigator through the experimental steps and the data analysis is available as an internet resource. Curr. Protoc. Immunol. 79:18.8.1‐8.18.28. © 2007 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Nanotechnological Aspects in Materials for Hydrogen Storage
Authors: Fichtner Maximilian 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
A nanotechnological approach aims at making tailor‐made developments for storage materials by combining different scientific disciplines and focussing on processes on the microscale. The approach has already been successful in achieving major advances in the field of novel solid materials for hydrogen storage. However, further breakthroughs are necessary to reach the goal of storage systems for fuel cell‐driven, mobile applications.
Separation Techniques for Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Krupke Ralph , Hennrich Frank 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
Single‐walled carbon nanotubes have considerable potential as building blocks in future nanoscale electronics. The tubes exist in two modifications, metallic and semiconducting, which might be used in a range of electronic applications. One of the grand challenges is to separate metallic from semiconducting tubes in substantial quantities. In this respect, this article gives a brief overview over the separation techniques in this new field of nanotube research.