bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dielectric Constants of Solid 1, 1, 1, 2-Tetrachloro-2-methylpropane and Solid 2-Bromo-1, 1, 1-trichloro-2-methylpropane
Authors: Koide Tsutomu , Oda Tsutomu , Masuda Hisashi , Uchihashi Hiroshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A newly-devised electrode cell for the measurement of the dielectric constant of plastic crystals was described. By the new electrode cell, the dielectric constants of Cl3C–C(CH3)2Cl and Cl3C–C(CH3)2Br were measured for the temperature range from −170°C to 80°C. The values of the dielectric constant changed sharply at the phase transition points. The changes in the dielectric constants at the phase transition points indicate that the transition is a rotational one.
Comparative Measurements of Combined Residual Chlorine around the Break Point
Authors: Isomura Yutaka 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Recent development of analytical method for the combined residual chlorine enables us to identify individual content of mono-, di-, and tri-chloramine together with that of free available residual chlorine in ppm order. Applying both amperometric titration method and Palin method, comparative measurements of these chloramines gave us some insight into the mechanisms of the break point where residual chlorine decreases remarkably despite of the increasing addition of chlorine to the treating water in which ammoniacal nitrogen or albuminoid nitrogen is contained in a few ppm. Basic study of the break point became necessary to carry out faultless operation of a full automatic controlled chlorination plant by the break point chlorination process by making residual chlorine recorders and Venturi-tubes as the transmitters of control signals. The system maintains constant amount of free residual chlorine at the effluent irrespective of the amount of ammoniacal nitrogen and the amount of water to be treated by the plant should change at random. Suggestions are given to the mechanisms of the break point and the reaction mechanisms are discussed for the appearance and disappearance of chloramines from the measured results.
The Kinetics of Substitution Reactions Involving Metal Complexes. X. Reactions of Zinc(II) with Ethylenediaminetetraacetatocobaltate(II) and Trimethylenediaminetetraacetatocobaltate(II)
Authors: Ogino Hiroshi , Tanaka Nobuyuki 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Kinetics of the substitution reactions of zinc(II) with ethylenediaminetetraacetatocobaltate(II) and with trimethylenediaminetetraacetatocobaltate(II) have been studied. These reactions proceed predominantly through three simultaneous reaction paths, of which two involve electrophilic substitution reactions and the rest does the dissociation reaction of the complex. The rates of the reactions involving trimethylenediaminetetraacetatocobaltate(II) are larger than those involving ethylenediaminetetraacetatocobaltate(II) for all of the three simultaneous reaction paths. These results are discussed on the basis of the nature of the ligands and the stability of reaction intermediates.
Kinetics of Selenium Spherulite Growth
Authors: Hamada Shuichi , Sato Tadao , Shirai Toshiaki 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The growth rates of spherulites of selenium were estimated by the photomicrographic method in the temperature range from 80°C to 120°C. The selenium was used in the pure and the chlorinated states. At a constant temperature, the spherulite radius increased at a constant rate. The growth rate for pure selenium, logG, varied linearly with 1/T, and the apparent activation energy for growth, EA was estimated to be 24.9 kcal/mol. The apparent activation energy for growth is much larger than that for the transport of the chain molecule, which was estimated from the activation energy for the viscous flow. The linear variation in the growth rate, logG, with 1/T appeared at temperatures well below the melting point of crystalline selenium, and the apparent activation energy for growth was nearly equal to the enthalpy change for the thermal equilibrium of the opening reaction of the Se8 ring molecule. These facts indicate that the selenium spherulite growth is not a diffusion-controlled process, but a breaking process of the Se-Se bond in the chain molecule. Moreover, the mechanism of growth at the amorphous-crystalline interface was considered with regard to the variation in the growth rate, in the apparent activation energy for growth, and in the activation entropy change against the chlorine content.
Synthesis and Properties of Surface Active Organotitanium Compounds. I
Authors: Ochi Miyoko , Yoshino Takeshi , Meguro Kenjiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
An entirely new series of surface-active polyethenoxy titanium esters which can be prepared by reactions with tetraalkoxy titanium and various polyoxyethylene higher alkyl ethers have been developed. The new series of the titanium compounds are nonionic surface-active agents and have the following general formula: Ti[O(CH2CH2O)nR′]4 (the R′ value is higher alkyl radicals). The compounds are viscous liquids or waxy solids; they are soluble in various organic solvents, and some of them are soluble in water. These compounds have dispersing power on titanium oxide in aqueous and non-aqueous media. In this paper, the preparation and properties of these compounds will be described in comparison with the usual nonionic surface-active agents.
Excitation from Superexcitation of Hydrocarbons. Estimation of Their Yields by the Optical Approximation
Authors: Hatano Yoshihiko 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A simple calculation has been made based on the so-called optical approximation to obtain the yields of excitation from superexcitation of the hydrocarbons, methane, ethane, propane, n-butane, n-pentane, ethylene, propylene, butene-1, butene-2, 1,3-butadiene, acetylene, and cyclopropane. Their dipole-matrix-elements squared for excitation from superexcitation, Md2, have been found to be directly proportional to the number of carbon atoms in the hydrocarbons, and the ratio of Md2 to Mi2, the dipole-matrix-element squared for ionization, is about 0.2. Thus, the yields, per 100 eV energy absorbed, of excitation from superexcitation are nearly equal to 0.8 for all the hydrocarbons described here.
Polymerization Catalyst of the Triethylaluminum-Chloral Hydrate System. II. Copolymerization of Acetaldehyde with Chloral
Authors: Saegusa Takeo , Fujii Hiroyasu , Tanaka Katsumi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
It has been found that the AlEt3-chloral hydrate system induces the random copolymerization of acetaldehyde with chloral. The homogeneity of the product polymer was confirmed by a study of the infrared spectra and bv turbidimetric titration. The thermal stability of the copolymer was much better than that of homopolyacetaldehyde. The copolymer was soluble in chloroform, and films were cast from chloroform solutions.
Oxygen Exchange and Racemization Reactions of Sulfoxides in Acetic and Chloroacetic Acid
Authors: Oae Shigeru , Yokoyama Mikihiko , Kise Masahiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Oxygen exchange reaction of sulfoxides has been performed mainly in mineral acids such as sulfuric acid, aqueous hydrochloric and hydrobromic acids. We have found that concurrent oxygen exchange and racemization reactions take place also in carboxylic acids such as acetic, mono- and poly-chloroacetic acids. The pseudo first order reaction rates of both oxygen exchange and racemization reactions of p-tolyl phenyl sulfoxide have been determined using both optically active and 18O-labeled p-tolyl phenyl sulfoxides in these acids. This reaction is found to be mainly dependent on the strengths of the acids; namely, the reaction velocity is faster in an acid of smaller pKa value. Together with the fact that k(rac.)/k(exch.) is unity and the substituent effect is small, the reaction is suggested to proceed through an unimolecular type S–O bond cleavage, probably involving radical cation intermediate (II).
Synthetic Studies of α-Tocopherol. I. Synthesis of α-Tocopheryl Acetate
Authors: Ichikawa Takehiko , Kato Tetsuya 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Geraniol (III) was reacted with trimethylhydroquinone (II) in the presence of boron trifluoride in benzene. The product was then acetylated to give a mixture of 2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-2-(4-methyl-3-penten-1-yl)-6-acetyloxychromane (VI) and 2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-2,3-(4,4-dimethylbutano)-6-acetyloxychromane (Vb). The VI was ozonized and decomposed with zinc and acetic acid to give 2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-2-(2-formylethyl)-6-acetyloxychromane (VII). Pseudoionone (VIII) was reduced with sodium borohydride to give pseudoionol (IX), but in certain cases the dehydration of IX occurred during the distillation. VII was condensed with IX by a Wittig reaction to give 2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-2-(4,8,12-trimethyl-3,5,7,11-tridecatetraen-l-yl)-6-acetyloxychromane (X), which was then hydrogenated to give α-tocopheryl acetate (I).
Reaction of Oxymercurials. Synthesis of 6,6-Dimethyl-spiro[2,5]octan-4,8-dione
Authors: Ichikawa Katsuhiko , Itoh Osamu , Kawamura Takahisa 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The reaction of oxymercurial of ethylene with dimedone in acetic acid containing perchloric acid, followed by treatment with sodium chloride, gave 2-(β-chloromercuriethyl)-5,5-dimethyl-cyclohexan-1,3-dione. Upon treating this mercurial with an equimolar amount of aqueous potassium hydroxide, 6,6-dimethyl-spiro[2,5]octan-4,8-dione was obtained. Oxymercurial of propylene reacted with dimedone to form a mixture of 4-oxo-2,6,6-trimethyl-2,3,4,5,6,7-hexahydrobenzofuran and 4-oxo-3,6,6-trimethyl-2,3,4,5,6,7-hexahydrobenzofuran under simultaneous demercuration; the mercurial corresponding to that in the case of ethylene could not be isolated.
The H/D Isotope Effect in the Conversion of the Electron into a Hydrogen Atom in Aqueous Acid Solutions at 300 and 77°K
Authors: Ohno Shin-ichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The isotope effect in the formation of hydrogen atoms as a result of the reaction of the photo-chemically-produced electron in an acidified solution of hexacyanoferrate(II) has been investigated in both the liquid and solid phases. The magnitude of the effect (H/D) in the liquid phase, determined by a mass-spectrometric analysis of the hydrogen gas evolved from CH3OH-containing solution, ranges from 3 to 4, and it depends on the temperature. The corresponding H/D ratio in acidic ices (at 77°K), determined by comparing the relative intensities of the ESR signals of the H and D atoms, is rather low (∼1.5). Possible mechanisms by which the electron is converted into a hydrogen atom in aqueous acid solutions in both phases are discussed.
Thermodynamic Properties of Solutions of m-Terphenyl in Benzene. I. The Vapor Pressures and the Related Thermodynamic Functions at 30 and 50°C
Authors: Takagi Sadao , Furukawa Katsuya , Fujishiro Ryoichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Vapor pressures of solutions of m-terphenyl in benzene were measured for the concentration less than 0.23 in mole fraction x of terphenyl at 30 and 50°C. Vapor pressures P mmHg obtained are represented by log10P(30°)=2.076970–0.4343x–0.06569x2–0.4340x3 and log10P(50°)=2.432100–0.4343x–0.14654x2–0.3412x3. Chemical potentials observed were reproduced by the quasi-lattice theory for mixtures of molecules of different sizes. The Miller-Guggenheim expression (r=3, z=6–8) gives w⁄k=100±5°, and the Flory-Huggins expression (r=molecular volume ratio) gives χ=0.272±0.004 (30°) and χ=0.243±0.006(50°). Partial molar heats of mixing are rather fitted by the regular solution theory similarly to the case for benzene+biphenyl, and the Flory-Huggins expression gives a concentration-dependent enthalpy parameter, χH=(0.772+1.716φ)×102⁄T, where φ means a volume fraction of terphenyl. The average value of χH, 0.39 agreed with a theoretical estimate from solubility parameters.
Electron Spin Resonance Study of the Radiolysis of Monocarboxylic Acids Adsorbed on Silica Gel
Authors: Miura Masaji , Hasegawa Akinori , Yamada Yoshio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Electron spin resonance measurements were carried out on γ-irradiated monocarboxylic acids (formic, acetic, and propionic acids) adsorbed on silica gel. In the case of formic acid, the spectrum assigned to the CO2− radical was mainly observed, but also observed was the signal caused by the defects of γ-irradiated silica gel, whereas for the acetic acid a quartet due to the methyl radical was obtained. These spectra, however, were not found in the frozen acids alone. As regards propionic acid, ethyl radicals were produced in both the adsorbed and frozen states. It was concluded from these results that the characteristic radiolysis of monocarboxylic acids on the adsorbed state is to be attributed to interaction between the acids adsorbed on silica gel as monomers and the surface. On the basis of these spectra, the adsorbed state of the acids and the stability of the radicals have been discussed.
Studies on Hydroxy Amino Acids. I. A New Synthesis of Aziridine Derivative from β-Hydroxy α-Amino Acid
Authors: Okawa Kenji , Kinutani Teiji , Sakai Katsunobu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
N-Tosyl-3-methyl-2-aziridinecarboxylic acid anilide was obtained by the β-elimination reaction of N,O-ditosyl-l-threonine anilide. The ethyleneimine ring of this compound was readily cleaved by acetic acid in the presence of boron trifluoride and N-tosyl-O-acetyl-l-threonine anilide was obtained. Formaldehyde also reacted with this compound in the presence of the same catalyst and gave 1,3-oxazolidine and 1,3-oxazine derivatives.
Syntheses of Heterocyclic Compounds from Benzamidine, Aldehydes, and Hydrogen Cyanide
Authors: Haruki Eiichi , Imanaka Hiroshi , Imoto Eiji 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The reactions of benzamidine with several aldehydes in the presence of hydrogen cyanide were studied, using an aqueous methanol as a solvent. When formaldehyde or acetaldehyde was used as an aldehyde component, α-hydroxyalkyldiphenyl-s-triazines were obtained, while when benzaldehyde, p-chlorobenzaldehyde, or furfural was used, the corresponding 4-arylmethylidenamino-2,5-diphenyloxazoles were obtained. However, under the same reaction conditions, m-nitrobenzaldehyde afforded dimethyl azoxybenzene-3,3′-dicarboxylate.
Total Synthesis of Nepseudin
Authors: Fukui Kenji , Nakayama Mitsuru 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The Hoesch reaction of 6-hydroxy-2,3-dihydrobenzo[b]furan with 2,3,4-trimethoxyphenylacetonitrile yielded 6-hydroxy-5-(2,3,4-trimethoxyphenylacetyl)-2,3-dihydrobenzo[b]furan. The cyclization of the dihydrobenzofuran with ethyl orthoformate-pyridine-piperidine gave dihydrodehydronepseudin, an isoflavone. The dehydrogenation of the above isoflavone with N.B.S. or Pd-G yielded dehydronepseudin. Nepseudin was derived by the reduction of dehydronepseudin with sodium borohydride and by subsequent oxidation with the chromium trioxidepyridine complex.
Perchloro-compounds. IV. anti-Perchloro-(3,4,7,8-tetramethylenetricyclo[4.2.0.02,5]octane), a Dimer of Perchloro-(3,4-dimethylenecyclobutene)
Authors: Mano Koichi , Kusuda Kousuke , Fujino Akira 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The structure of the first of the four thermolytic dimers of perchloro-(3,4-dimethylenecyclobutene) was characterized as anti-perchloro-(3,4,7,8-tetramethylenetricyclo[4.2.0.02,5]octane) (II). This structure elucidation was principally based on: (a) the permanganate oxidation of II to perchloro-(dimethylenesuccinic) acid; (b) the two-step reduction of II to 1,2,3′,4′,5,6,7′,8′-octachloro-3,4,7,8-tetramethylenetricyclo[4.2.0.02,5]octane and 1,2,5,6-tetrachloro-3,4,7,8-tetra-methyltricyclo[4.2.0.02,5]octa-3,7-diene (VII), and (c) the hydrogenation of the ozonized product from VII to two tetraacetylcyclobutanes (XVII and XVIII). The physical and chemical properties of II and of those substances derived from II and VII were discussed in detail. The stereochemical configurations of II and XVII were estimated to be anti and all-trans respectively.
Alternating Current Polarography of Peroxodisulfate and Ferricyanide Ions in the Absence of Supporting Electrolytes
Authors: Tamamushi Reita , Matsuda Kiyoshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The admittance and its phase angle of the polarographic reduction of peroxodisulfate and ferricyanide ions in solutions containing no supporting electrolytes were measured at very low frequencies. The series resistance components, measured at 30 cps, of these systems gave anomalously small values at the electrode potentials where the falling-off of the cathodic current was observed on the direct current polarograms. This anomaly in the alternating current polarization behavior was attributed to the negative charge-transfer resistance due to the double layer effect on the charge-transfer process.
The Coprecipitation and the Spectrophotometric Determination of Uranium as Dibenzoylmethane Chelate
Authors: Shigematsu Tsunenobu , Tabushi Masayuki , Matsui Masakazu , Munakata Megumu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The coprecipitation and direct-photometric method was applied to the uranium β-diketonate system; uranyl ion was coprecipitated as dibenzoylmethanate with o-phenylphenol and determined spectrophotometrically after the precipitate was dissolved in butyl acetate. The effect of ligand concentration on the per cent coprecipitation-pH curve was studied and the curve was not affected by the ligand concentration in the range from 2×10−2 to 4×10−4 m. Over the 200 mg of o-phenylphenol, an almost quantitative coprecipitation was obtained, though the absorbance slightly decreased with the increase in the coprecipitant amount (about 2% per 1g o-phenylphenol). As many diverse ions interfered with the determination of uranium, the solution of calcium EDTA chelate was used as a masking agent. When a small amount of alkylamine was added, the recovery of uranium became more complete. The effect of alkylamine was probably caused by the adduct formation of uranium chelate with alkylamine.
Spectrophotometric Determination of Cyanide Ion with Mercury(II)- Methylthymolblue Complex
Authors: Nomura Toshiaki 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Cyanide ion reacted with mercury(II)-methylthymolblue (Hg-MTB) complex to form a mixed ligand complex. Since the resulting mixed ligand complex had a considerable absorption at 615 mμ, the spectrophotometric determination of cyanide ion was performed by measuring the increase in absorption of mercury (II)-methylthymolblue complex caused by formation of this mixed ligand complex. After excess MTB methanol and mercury (II) nitrate solutions were added to a cyanide sample solution which was adjusted to a definite pH value between pH 7.3 and 7.6 with phosphate buffer solution, it was diluted to exactly 50 ml with water. After standing for about 25 min, the absorbance of this solution was measured at 615 mμ against the reagent blank solution. Beer’s law was obeyed in the concentration range of cyanide ion from 5 to 80 μg per 50 ml, and the molar extinction coefficient was found to be about 5100. Taking 55.0 μg of cyanide ion, the standard deviation and variation coefficient of absorbances in the mean value of 10 runs were 0.0019 and 0.90%, respectively. The molar ratio of cyanide ion to Hg-MTB in the mixed ligand complex was found to be 1 : 1.
Cationic Polymerization of Formaldehyde in Liquid Carbon Dioxide. III. Thermal Stabilization of the Resulting Polymer
Authors: Yokota Hisao , Kondo Masatsune , Kagiya Tsutomu , Fukui Kenichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
We investigated the acetylation of the endgroups of the polymer chain resulting from the polymerization of formaldehyde in liquid carbon dioxide in the presence of acetic anhydride. The thermal stability and the toughness of the resulting polymer were examined. All of the endgroups of polymer chains were satisfactorily acetylated by means of heating, between 140 and 150°C, the solid polymer, which was separated by discharging the unreacted monomer and carbon dioxide after polymerization. The acetic anhydride which was added in the beginning of the polymerization at a concentration of 5 mol% per monomer, was sufficient to stabilize the polymer thermally. On the acetylating of the polymer, the presence of air or acetic acid in the amount used to initiate the polymerization had no effect on the properties of the acetylated polymer. A simplified purification procedure for the acetylated polymer was presented.
Aminobutadienes. XIII. Anion-exchange Resins from Imidobutadiene Polymers
Authors: Murata Kenichi , Terada Akira 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A method of preparing new-type anion-exchange resins from 1-phthalimido-, 1-succinimido-, and 2-phthalimido-1,3-butadiene polymers is shown. The procedure consists of two steps, the hydrolysis of the imido groups into free amine, followed by heating with hydrochloric acid to make the amino groups into the hydrochloride, and N-methylation by the Schotten-Baumann method. The anion-exchange resins obtained from the former two polymers show high exchange capacities, such as 5.85 and 7.21 meq/g of dry resin respectively. However, their salt-splitting capacities are not high. The mechanisms of their crosslinking on hydrolysis and of their heat-aging are also discussed.
A Relation between Ion-exchange Selectivity Coefficient and Degree of Distribution for Model Compounds in Solvent Extraction
Authors: Kenjo Tadao , Ito Takuji 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
An analogy of solvent extraction to ion-exchange was taken to explain anion affinities to anion-exchangers. Distributions of the model compound whose cation was the ionogenic group of an anion-exchanger and whose anion the counter ion, between water and an organic solvent, were investigated. The degree of distribution of the model compound for a solvent layer was expected to increase with increasing anion affinities to the corresponding anion-exchanger. Cobalticinium, benziltrimetylammonium and benzildimethylamine salts were employed as model compounds for the polymeric olygomethylene cobalticinium anion-exchanger, the strong base anion-exchange resin and the weak base anion-exchange resin, respectively. The distribution sequences in solvent extraction were essentially identical with the ion affinity series in anion-exchange. From these correlations, the selectivity coefficient for an anion was explained as the affinity of an anion to an ionogenic group with the use of an ion-pair concept. Some differences between ion-exchanges and solvent extractions were discussed.
Studies of the Aggregation of Dyes. A Spectrophotometric Method of Determining the Aggregation Numbers of Dyes
Authors: Hida Mitsuhiko , Yabe Akihiko , Murayama Hiroko , Hayashi Masako 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The aggregation of dyes in an aqueous or alcoholic solution has been studied spectroscopically by a method named the “maximum slope method.” The method can ascertain the molar absorptivity and formation constant of dye aggregate when a simple equilibrium model between a monomer and an n-mer is assumed to be operative, and when the absorptivity of monomer is given. Further, the molar absorptivities of the monomer and the polymers and the formation constants of the polymers are adjusted, in order to minimize the mean deviation, by an other method, named the “minimum deviation method.” Using the latter method, the parameters of an equilibrium system including a monomer and several polymers can also be calculated. Aggregations of Benzopurprine 4 B and Sky Blue FF in aqueous salt solutions were studied by the above two methods. Aggregations of these dyes in aqueous alcoholic solutions were also discussed.