bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Europium‐Doped Mesoporous Titania Thin Films: Rare‐Earth Locations and Emission Fluctuations under Illumination
Authors: Leroy Celine Marie , Cardinal Thierry , Jubera Veronique , Treguer‐Delapierre Mona , Majimel Jerome , Manaud Jean Pierre , Backov Renal , Boissière Cedric , Grosso David , Sanchez Clement , Viana Bruno , Pellé Fabienne 
Published: September 2008

AbstractHerein, EuIII‐doped 3D mesoscopically ordered arrays of mesoporous and nanocrystalline titania are prepared and studied. The rare‐earth‐doped titania thin films—synthesized via evaporation‐induced self‐assembly (EISA)—are characterized by using environmental ellipsoporosimetry, electronic microscopy (i.e. high‐resolution scanning electron microscopy, HR‐SEM, and transmission electron microscopy, HR‐TEM), X‐ray diffraction, and luminescence spectroscopy. Structural characterizations show that high europium‐ion loadings can be incorporated into the titanium‐dioxide walls without destroying the mesoporous arrangement. The luminescence properties of EuIII are investigated by using steady‐state and time‐resolved spectroscopy via excitation of the EuIII ions through the titania host. Using EuIII luminescence as a probe, the europium‐ion sites can be addressed with at least two different environments within the mesoporous framework, namely, a nanocrystalline environment and a glasslike one. Emission fluctuations (5D0→7F2) are observed upon continuous UV excitation in the host matrix. These fluctuations are attributed to charge trapping and appear to be strongly dependent on the amount of europium and the level of crystallinity.
Cyano Analogues of 7‐Azaindole: Probing Excited‐State Charge‐Coupled Proton Transfer Reactions in Protic Solvents
Authors: Hsieh Cheng‐Chih , Chen Kew‐Yu , Hsieh Wan‐Ting , Lai Chin‐Hung , Shen Jiun‐Yi , Jiang Chang‐Ming , Duan Hsin‐Sheng , Chou Pi‐Tai 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe interplay between excited‐state charge and proton transfer reactions in protic solvents is investigated in a series of 7‐azaindole (7AI) derivatives: 3‐cyano‐7‐azaindole (3CNAI), 5‐cyano‐7‐azaindole (5CNAI), 3,5‐dicyano‐7‐azaindole (3,5CNAI) and dicyanoethenyl‐7‐azaindole (DiCNAI). Similar to 7AI, 3CNAI and 3,5CNAI undergo methanol catalyzed excited‐state double proton transfer (ESDPT), resulting in dual (normal and proton transfer) emission. Conversely, ESDPT is prohibited for 5CNAI and DiCNAI in methanol, as supported by a unique normal emission with high quantum efficiency. Instead, the normal emission undergoes prominent solvatochromism. Detailed relaxation dynamics and temperature dependent studies are carried out. The results conclude that significant excited‐state charge transfer (ESCT) takes place for both 5CNAI and DiCNAI. The charge‐transfer specie possesses a different dipole moment from that of the proton‐transfer tautomer species. Upon reaching the equilibrium polarization, there exists a solvent‐polarity induced barrier during the proton‐transfer tautomerization, and ESDPT is prohibited for 5CNAI and DiCNAI during the excited‐state lifespan. The result is remarkably different from 7AI, which is also unique among most excited‐state charge/proton transfer coupled systems studied to date.
Host–Guest Interaction of Chaperonin GroEL and Water‐Soluble CdTe Quantum Dots and its Size‐Selective Inclusion
Authors: Dong Chaoqing , Shao Liwen , Guo Jiacheng , Ren Jicun 
Published: September 2008

AbstractSome nanoparticles, such as quantum dots (QDs), are widely used in the biological and biomedical fields due to their unique optical properties. However, little is currently known about the interaction between these nanoparticles and biomolecules. Herein, we systemically investigated the interaction between chaperonin GroEL and water‐soluble CdTe QDs based on fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS), capillary electrophoresis, and fluorescence spectrometry. We observed that some water‐soluble CdTe QDs were able to enter the inner cavity of GroEL and formed an inclusion complex after the activation of chaperonin GroEL with ATP. The inclusion of GroEL was size‐selective to QDs and only small QDs were able to enter the inner cavity. The inclusion could suppress the fluorescence quenching of the QDs. Meanwhile, we evaluated the association constant between chaperonin GroEL and CdTe QDs by FCS. Our results further demonstrated that FCS was a very useful tool for study of the interaction of QDs and biomolecules.
Activation of the Wnt/β‐catenin signaling reporter in developing mouse olfactory nerve layer marks a specialized subgroup of olfactory ensheathing cells
Authors: Wang Ya‐Zhou , Molotkov Andrei , Song Lanying , Li Yunhong , Pleasure David E. , Zhou Cheng‐Ji 
Published: September 2008

AbstractWnt reporter TOPgal mice carry a β‐galactosidase (βgal) gene under the control of the Wnt/β‐catenin signaling responsive elements. We found that the intensely immunolabeled βgal+ cells were co‐immunolabeled with Nestin and formed a tangentially oriented single‐cell layer in the “connecting or docking zone” where the olfactory sensory axons attached to the brain surface during mid‐gestation. During early postnatal development, βgal+ cells were located in the inner olfactory nerve layer (ONLi) and co‐labeled with olfactory ensheathing cell (OEC) markers S100β and NPY but not with lineage‐specific markers for neurons, oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, and microglia, demonstrating that the TOPgal marked a subpopulation of OECs. By confocal microscopy, we found that TOPgal activated processes extended along the developing glomerulus and formed multiple tunnel‐like structures that ensheathe and bridge olfactory sensory axonal bundles from ONLi to the glomerulus, which may play a key role in glomerulus formation and convergent sorting of the peripheral olfactory axons. Developmental Dynamics 237:3157–3168, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Multiple evolutionarily conserved enhancers control expression of Eya1
Authors: Ishihara Tadashi , Sato Shigeru , Ikeda Keiko , Yajima Hiroshi , Kawakami Kiyoshi 
Published: September 2008

AbstractEya1 is a homolog of eyes absent in Drosophila, and essential for various organ formations in vertebrates. Mouse and chick Eya1 shows dynamic expression pattern in early development. We identified ten independent Eya1 enhancers by screening evolutionarily conserved sequences. They exhibited enhancer activities in Hensen's node, neural tube, migrating neural crest cells, otic vesicle, olfactory placode, cranial ganglia, and somites at HH6–17 of chick embryo. The sum of the enhancer activities of the enhancers covers the endogenous expression domains of Eya1 common to chick and mouse. Enhancer activities were also observed in species‐specific expression domains such as trigeminal ganglia and brain. Mutational study of one of the enhancers revealed that the enhancer is composed of positive and negative cis‐regulatory elements. Thus, we successfully identified a comprehensive group of enhancers around Eya1 locus, which are probably involved in the control of the complex expression pattern of Eya1 in vivo. Developmental Dynamics 237:3142–3156, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nuclear receptor BgFTZ‐F1 regulates molting and the timing of ecdysteroid production during nymphal development in the hemimetabolous insect Blattella germanica
Authors: Cruz Josefa , Nieva Claudia , Mané‐Padrós Daniel , Martín David , Bellés Xavier 
Published: September 2008

AbstractPostembryonic development of holometabolous and hemimetabolous insects occurs through successive molts triggered by 20‐hydroxyecdysone (20E). The molecular action of 20E has been extensively studied in holometabolous insects, but data on hemimetabolous are scarce. We have demonstrated that during the nymphal development of the hemimetabolous insect Blattella germanica, 20E binds to the heterodimeric receptor formed by the nuclear receptors BgEcR‐A and BgRXR activating a cascade of gene expression, including the nuclear receptors BgE75 and BgHR3. Herein, we report the characterization of BgFTZ‐F1, another nuclear hormone receptor involved in 20E action. BgFTZ‐F1 is activated at the end of each instar, and RNAi has demonstrated that BgHR3 is needed for BgFTZ‐F1 activation, and that BgFTZ‐F1 has critical functions of during the last nymphal instar. Nymphs with silenced BgFTZ‐F1 cannot ecdyse, arrest development, and show structures of ectodermal origin duplicated. BgFTZ‐F1 also controls the timing of the ecdysteroid molting pulse. Developmental Dynamics 237:3179–3191, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression profile and estrogenic regulation of anti‐Müllerian hormone during gonadal development in pejerrey Odontesthes bonariensis, a teleost fish with strong temperature‐dependent sex determination
Authors: Fernandino Juan Ignacio , Hattori Ricardo Shohei , Kimura Hiroyuki , Strüssmann Carlos Augusto , Somoza Gustavo Manuel 
Published: September 2008

AbstractPejerrey is a teleost fish presenting a strong temperature‐dependent sex determination. This study was conducted to clone pejerrey amh cDNA, analyze its expression profile during thermal and endocrine manipulation of gonadal differentiation, and compare its expression with that of gonadal aromatase (cyp19a1). Amh displayed higher expression at masculinizing than at feminizing temperatures during the gonadal differentiation period. Its expression at an intermediate temperature (females 1:1 males), was high in half of the larvae and low in the other half. Cyp19a1 showed a reciprocal expression pattern to that of amh both individually‐ and temperature‐wise. Increased cyp19a1 and amh expression was observed before morphological gonadal differentiation. Amh expression in larvae feminized by administration of estradiol or masculinized by the administration of an aromatase inhibitor was down‐ and up‐regulated, respectively. These results show that amh plays a critical role in testicular differentiation and it is apparently modulated by estrogens in this species. Developmental Dynamics 237:3192–3199, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A ring network with VLAN tag
Authors: Shimizu Hiroshi 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe proposed Ring Network with VLAN Tag offers the features of wrapping/steering control functions and 1+1 path protection function, maintaining compatibility with the Ethernet media access control scheme. The key technology for “Path concept” is VLAN tag swapping operation. A set of primary and backup paths is defined between ring nodes, which are distinguished by a flag bit in VLAN tag field. On failure detection, the path is switched within the path set by the tag swapping. Tag swapping at the failure detection node, while tag swapping at the source node achieves steering operation, achieves Wrapping operation. The restoration behavior is almost the same as that of Resilient Packet Ring (RPR). Since the tag swapping control is based on hardware processing, high‐speed operation is also expected. Furthermore, because the paths are independently designed from the physical topology, the scheme can be applied to networks other than physical ring networks. The proposed scheme will fit to the path control for next‐generation Ethernet over WDM system. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 166(1): 60–66, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20422
Force sensorless robust tracking servo system suppressing periodic disturbance and sudden disturbance for optical disk system
Authors: Hayano Toru , Ohishi Kiyoshi , Miyazaki Toshimasa , Koide Daiichi , Tokumaru Haruki 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThis paper proposes a new force sensorless robust tracking servo system, which detects and suppresses both the periodic disturbance and the sudden disturbance without force sensor. The proposed system estimates both the periodic disturbance and the sudden disturbance and the sudden disturbance by using a new sudden disturbance observer and the memory of tracking error. In the proposed system, the influence of sudden disturbance is suppressed by the proposed sudden disturbance observer. On the other hand, the influence of periodic disturbance is suppressed by means of ZPET feed‐forward servo system. The experimental results point out that the proposed tracking servo system has a precise tracking response against both the periodic disturbance and the sudden disturbance. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 166(1): 82–90, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20614
Autonomous dispersed control system for independent micro grid
Authors: Kawasaki Kensuke , Matsumura Shigenori , Iwabu Koichi , Fujimura Naoto , Iima Takahito 
Published: September 2008

AbstractIn this paper, we show an autonomous dispersed control system for independent micro grid of which performance has been substantiated in China by Shikoku Electric Power Co. and its subsidiary companies under the trust of NEDO (New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization).For the control of grid interconnected generators, the exclusive information line is very important to save fuel cost and maintain high frequency quality of the electric power supply, but it is relatively expensive in such small micro grids. We contrived an autonomous dispersed control system without any exclusive information line for dispatching control and adjusting supply control. We have confirmed through the substantiation project in China that this autonomous dispersed control system for an independent micro grid has a very satisfactory characteristic from the viewpoint of less fuel consumption and high electric quality. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 166(1): 28–35, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20618
Development of a 3‐dimensional LIGA process and application to fabricate a spiral microcoil
Authors: Mekaru Harutaka , Kusumi Shinji , Sato Noriaki , Shimizu Masami , Yamashita Michiru , Shimada Osamu , Hattori Tadashi 
Published: September 2008

AbstractLIGA process has been developed in the 2.5‐dimensional world. We introduced new technologies of a 3D X‐ray lithography and a worm injection molding with an unscrewing de‐molding mechanism, and succeeded in the deployment of a 3D LIGA process. Furthermore, we fabricated a spiral microcoil using the 3D‐LIGA process and a metallization technique combining flat and smooth electroplating and isotropic chemical etching. The microcoil diameter was 0.5 mm and the length was 1 mm. The width of coil lines was 10µm and the pitch was 20µm. Characteristics of this microcoil as an inductor combine the inductance of 91 nH and the quality factor of 5.8 at the frequency of 1 GHz. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 166(1): 43–51, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20679
Breakdown of YBCO thin films during current limiting and methods of improving current limiting performance
Authors: Ootani Akifumi , Hori Tetsuo , Endo Mikihiko , Furuse Mitsuho , Yamaguchi Iwao , Kaiho Katsuyuki , Yanabu Satoru 
Published: September 2008

AbstractWe performed fault current limiting tests using YBCO thin films and investigated the reasons for their breakdown during current limiting. There were two patterns of film breakdown. One occurred immediately after current limiting and the other occurred during current limiting. In film breakdown, the quench propagation speed showed almost no change with increasing energy consumption per unit time, but the energy consumption per unit area increased with increasing energy consumption per unit time. Therefore, local areas of the film reached the melting point and arcing occurred.It is therefore concluded that the performance of the films can be improved by decreasing the energy consumption per unit time. Connecting a parallel capacitor to the film in order to limit the energy consumption per unit time is proposed and tested as a measure to improve the current limiting performance of thin films. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 166(1): 20–27, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20709
Service restoration problem in distribution power system using improved GA
Authors: Iwasaki Keisuke , Aoki Hidenori 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe service restoration problem in distribution power systems has already been addressed with regard to this issue, for purposes such as the minimization of unrecovered load and power supply loss, considerations of priority sections, and preparation of switching procedures. However, since this involves the application of a number of methods, the related algorithms are complex. In this paper, in order to resolve this issue we first apply GA as an optimization method for investigation purposes, to simplify the algorithms used. Next, to confirm this proposed method's effects in reducing computing time, we consider the efficacy of the proposed method by using smaller numbers of generations and individual sizes than have been used in the past. The effectiveness of the proposed method is shown by the system when failure occurs. It is clear that the proposed method, consisting of GA only, is superior in terms of average fitness values and the ability to reduce computation times. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 166(1): 10–19, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20752
Novel Thorium Membrane Sensors with Anionic Response Based on Trioctylphosphine Oxide and Toluate Ionophores
Authors: Hassan Saad S. M. , Elnemma Eman M. , Attawiya Amr M. Y. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractTwo novel potentiometric polymeric membrane sensors for rapid and accurate determination of thorium are described. These are based on the use of trioctylphosphine oxide (TOPO) and thorium toluate (Th‐TA) as ionophores dispersed in poly(vinyl chloride) matrix membranes plasticized with nitrophenyloctyl ether. In strong nitric acid medium, Th(IV) nitrate is converted into [Th(NO3)6]2− complex and sensed as anionic divalent ion which exclude most cationic effect. Validation of the assay methods using the quality assurance standards (linearity range, accuracy, precision, within‐day variability, between‐day‐repeatability, lower detection limit and sensitivity) reveals excellent performance characteristics of both sensors. The sensors exhibit near‐Nernstian response for 1.0×10−6–1.0×10−1 M Th over the pH range 2.5–4.5. Calibration slopes of −32.3±0.3 and −27.2±0.2 mV/decade, precision of ±0.5 and ±0.8% and accuracy of 98.8±0.9 and 97.9±0.7% are obtained with TOPO and Th‐TA based sensors, respectively. Negligible interferences are caused by most interfering mono‐, di‐, tri‐, tetra‐, penta‐, and hexa‐valent elements commonly associated with thorium in naturally occurring minerals and ores. High concentrations of Cl−, F−, SO42−, and NO3− ions have no diverse effect. Complete removal of the effect of the interferents in complex matrices is achieved by retention of [Th(NO3)6]2− complex from 5 M nitric acid/methanol mixture (1 : 9 v/v) on a strong anion exchanger, washing out the cationic interferents followed by stripping off thorium anion complex and measurements. Both sensors are used for determining thorium in certified thorium ore samples (20–120 mg Th/kg) and some naturally occurring ores (200–600 mg Th/kg). The results obtained agree fairly well with the certified labeled values or the data obtained using X‐ray fluorescence spectrometry
Mutagenesis and DNA repair for alkylation damages in Escherichia coli k‐12
Authors: Abril Nieves , Roldán‐Arjona Teresa , Prieto‐Alamo Maria‐José , Van Zeeland Albert A. , Pueyo Carmen 
Published: September 2008

AbstractIn this work we report on the isolation of an Escherichia coli K‐12 mutation, which confers a high sensitivity to bacteria cells to mutagenesis by simple monofunctional alkylating agents. The mutation emerged spontaneously from a bacterial strain that already proved useful in various mutagenicity studies. By monitoring the influence of such a mutation on the frequency of induced mutation by ethylating (EMS, DES, ENU, ENNG) vs. methylating (MMS, DMS, MNU, MNNG) compounds, and on the in vivo repair capacity for different alkyl‐DNA lesions (O6‐alkG, N7‐alkG, N3‐meA), we conclude that the mutation should affect the gene (ogt) that encodes constitutive DNA repair alkyltransferase (ATase). Thus in the presence of ada, differences in mutagenicity were observed only with ethylating agents; the sensitization of cells to both the ethylating and methylating partners requiring, by contrast, the absence of the ada protein. These results support the reported in vitro substrate specificities for both ogt and ada ATases. The parental cells exhibited biphasic dose‐response curves in accordance with the idea of low basal level saturation attributed to the uninducible ogt ATase. Deficient bacterial derivatives showed, by contrast, linear mutation induction responses. The in vivo removal of alkylated bases from DNA was measured in bacterial strains deficient in the excision repair pathway (ΔuvrB) and unable to induce the adaptive response (ada::Tn10). The very low initial levels for O6‐meG and O6‐etG (1.1 and 0.2 molecules per cell, respectively) were readily repaired by the parental cells but remained unchanged in the hypermutable derivatives. This result suggests that in the absence of nucleotide excision repair and of the adaptive response, no alternative pathway, other than ogt, is available for the repair of the major mutagenic lesion, O6‐alkG, at least during the first 4 hours after alkylation. Comparatively, no differences were found in the capacity to repair the major lethal adduct, N3‐meA, in agreement with the fact that no effect on cell survival was detected. In conclusion, we propose that the biological significance of the ogt protein relies mainly on its ability to prevent mutagenesis by low levels of bulkier ethylation products (especially in the absence of uvr excision repair). This is in accordance with the relative inefficiency of these agents as inducers of the adaptive response, as well as the relative inefficiency of the ada ATase in dealing with alkylation products longer than methyl adducts. The ogt protein provided additional resistance to mutation by low doses of methylating agents, as it was observed in ada deficient bacteria. Thus the broad substrate specificity of ogt ATase would appear to be also of biological relevance.
Structure‐activity relationship in the mutagenic effect of chiral or racemic 2‐bromo‐propanamides on Salmonella typhimurium
Authors: Dolzani L. , Tamaro M. , Lagatolla C. , Monti‐Bragadin C. , Cavicchioni G. , Marchetti P. , D'Angeli F. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractSome 2‐bromo‐propanamides were prepared and tested for direct mutagenicity in Salmonella typhimurium TA 100. Results confirm the mutagenic activity of 2‐bromo‐N‐benzyl‐propanamide and indicate that it is independent of enantiomeric configuration. A variation in the chemical structure, namely, the addition of a methyl group at the benzylic carbon, causes the four resulting diastereomers to be devoid of any activity. Conversely, some racemic ring‐substituted methoxy and/or hydroxy derivatives of the parent compound displayed mutagenic properties, causing an increase in the number of his+ revertants up to 524 per milligram per plate.