bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ego‐state therapy in the treatment of a complex eating disorder
Authors: Degun‐Mather Marcia 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThis report describes the treatment of a woman with a diagnosis of binge eating disorder and a history of bingeing and periods of starvation throughout adolescence and adulthood. She had sought a number of different therapies, but not really benefited from any of them. She felt confused about herself and did not have a sense of her identity. She had recognized there were parts of herself that seemed separate from each other. Ego‐state therapy with hypnosis helped her to understand the cause of her compulsive bingeing. This was followed by the hypnotic affect bridge which enabled her to access another child part of herself concerned with a fear of starvation and abandonment, and wanting to remain ‘solid’ but not ‘fat’. These phases of therapy produced great improvement in her eating behaviours, which she had not experienced before. By accessing the ego‐states, she was able to start an inner communication, and make cognitive and emotional changes. This was reinforced later with cognitive therapy, from which she had not gained much benefit previously. The importance of combining these therapeutic approaches is discussed. Copyright © 2003 British Society of Experimental and Clinical Hypnosis
On the efficacy of hypnosis: a meta‐analytic study
Authors: Flammer Erich , Bongartz Walter 
Published: February 2006

AbstractFrom 444 studies published until 2002 that investigated the efficacy of hypnosis, 57 randomized clinical studies were selected that compared patients treated exclusively by hypnosis to an untreated control group (or to a group of patients treated by conventional medical procedures). The 57 studies were integrated into a meta‐analysis that yielded a weighted average post‐treatment effect size of d = 0.56 (medium effect size). For hypnotic treatment of ICD‐10 codable disorders (32 studies) the calculation of the weighted mean effect size resulted in d = 0.63. These estimates are conservative since all variables of a given study were used. Most of the studies employed methods of the classic approach to hypnosis. In order to obtain an estimate to which extent non‐clinical factors (design‐quality, way of comparison of dependent variables) have an influence on the effect sizes, effect sizes were computed for all studies of the original 444 studies that reported the necessary statistical information (N = 133). For those studies with an average effect size of d = 1.07 a massive influence of non‐clinical factors was demonstrated with a range from d = 0.56 for randomized studies with group comparisons to d = 2.29 for non‐randomized studies using pre‐post‐comparisons. Out of the 57 randomized studies, only 6 reported numerical values for the correlation between hypnotic suggestibility and treatment outcome with a mean correlation of r = 0.44. Copyright © 2003 British Society of Experimental and Clinical Hypnosis
Correlates of imaginative and hypnotic suggestibility in children
Authors: Poulsen Bruce C. , Matthews William J. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractAs an extension of previous research by Braffman and Kirsch (1999) with adults, this study investigated the relationship between suggestibility and hypnotizability in a sample of 44 child psychiatric patients. Participants were assessed for various correlates of imaginative suggestibility while controlling for nonhypnotic suggestibility. Overall, nonhypnotic suggestibility accounted for most of the variance in hypnotizability (r = 0.73; p < 0.001), and vividness and absorption were found to predict unique variance in hypnotizability (r = 0.28; p < 0.001) when nonhypnotic suggestibility was controlled. These results support the view of hypnotic responsiveness as reflecting a continuum of suggestibility and serve to further weaken the contention that hypnosis produces an altered state of consciousness. Copyright © 2003 British Society of Experimental and Clinical Hypnosis
Self‐hypnosis and osteopathic soft tissue manipulation with a ballet dancer
Authors: Gordon Christopher‐Marc , Gruzelier John 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThis single case study of a ballet dancer incorporates essentially osteopathy, self‐hypnosis and neurolinguistic programming (NLP) in the management of exhaustion, stress, anxiety and pain symptoms of the right thigh, calf and ankle combined with confidence strengthening techniques. Physical and mental burnout symptoms had reached the point of constant pain and overstrain of the muscles of the right leg and hip, spine and neck. In parallel with these were symptoms of exhaustion, unhappiness and a tendency to over‐focus on other dancers at the expense of self‐focus and motivation. The osteo/physical therapy entailed the rebalancing of overused, strained and hyper‐tense muscular tissues using myofascial‐release techniques, together with the deactivation of trigger points and postural integration. The mental attitude was supported through reframing techniques during self‐hypnosis directed at general feelings of being blocked, imprisoned, cramped, exhausted and weakened in the right leg. Psychophysiological assessment post therapy was compatible with self‐regulation training. Copyright © 2003 British Society of Experimental and Clinical Hypnosis
Touching trauma: combining hypnotic ego strengthening and zero balancing
Authors: Edmunds Dorsett , Gafner George 
Published: February 2006

AbstractReports in the literature cite a variety of somatic and psychological treatment modalities that address the physical and behavioural sequelae of torture (Prip, Tived and Holten, 1995; Amris and Prip, 2000; Jefferson, 2000). In this brief paper, we would like to highlight a combined treatment method that we have found useful in our work with refugees. Copyright © 2003 British Society of Experimental and Clinical Hypnosis
Hypnotizability as an adaptive trait
Authors: Santarcangelo Enrica L. , Sebastiani Laura 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThis paper reviews our studies on the hypnotizability/hypnosis‐related modulation of the mind‐body connection during relaxation and mental stress, considered as the extremes of the wakefulness cognitive‐autonomic arousal. The concept of relaxation is discussed according to the observation that similar self‐reports of relaxation and autonomic states may correspond to different EEG patterns in low (Lows) and highly hypnotizable subjects (Highs). Results obtained during mental stress are discussed in the light of a possible adaptive role of hypnotic susceptibility as a natural protection against cardiovascular hazard; in fact, only Highs can actively suppress the cardiovascular responses evoked by a moderate mental stress. All together, findings show that the body can differentially act to similarly experienced relaxation and mental stress and suggest for hypnotizable individuals an evolutionary advantage. Copyright © 2004 British Society of Experimental and Clinical Hypnosis
The effect of hypnotherapy on procedural pain and state anxiety related to physiotherapy in women hospitalized in a burn unit
Authors: Harandi Ali Amini , Esfandani Akram , Shakibaei Fereshteh 
Published: February 2006

AbstractDue to severe pain and anxiety in burn patients, especially in procedures such as physiotherapy, and because of the adverse effects of pain on the outcome of physiotherapy, application of adjunctive methods are necessary for achieving pain relief. Right now, no certain method of pain reduction is available. This study evaluated the efficacy of hypnotherapy in reducing pain and anxiety in burn patients through a randomized clinical trial. From amongst women hospitalized in a burn unit, 44 patients were selected and divided into intervention and control groups. The intervention group underwent four hypnotherapy sessions and the control group remained without any hypnotherapy intervention. Procedural pain and anxiety related to physiotherapy were evaluated with Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) contemporaneously in both groups. The degree of pain and anxiety caused by physiotherapy decreased significantly in the intervention group, as compared to the control group (P < 0.001). Hypnosis is recommended as a complementary method in burns physiotherapy. Copyright © 2004 British Society of Experimental and Clinical Hypnosis
Hypnotherapeutic insights and interventions: a cancer odyssey
Authors: Walker Leslie G. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractDespite advances in molecular biology and therapeutics, cancer continues to be a major source of morbidity and mortality. The diagnosis and treatment are often stressful, and high levels of psychological and psychiatric disorders have been reported consistently over the last 20 years.However, there is evidence that much of this distress is preventable by providing a support service that is open‐access and fully integrated functionally and geographically with other parts of cancer services. This paper reviews the findings of some of the interventional research carried out by the author and his colleagues over the past 20 years. These studies have provided evidence that relaxation therapy, guided imagery and hypnotherapy can be very beneficial in helping patients cope with the diagnosis and treatment. Intriguingly, there is some evidence that they may prolong life, although further studies are required to clarify this. In the meantime, however, it is clear that much can be done to prevent, as well as to treat, cancer‐related problems. Copyright © 2004 British Society of Experimental and Clinical Hypnosis
Hypnotic deafness: a cross‐paradigm analysis
Authors: Perlini Arthur H. , Johns Raymond A. , Van Hoof Patricia L. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThis study compared responses to a deafness suggestion amongst subjects administered one of three conditions: hypnosis and suggestion (i.e. reals), simulating instructions (i.e. simulators), or the suggestion alone without hypnosis (i.e. cognitives). Reals and simulators were administered a hypnotic induction, followed by a unilateral, left‐ear deafness suggestion and the cognitive group was given the unilateral deafness suggestion without a hypnotic induction. All subjects were administered the Stenger Test of Audition (Stenger, 1907) during the deafness trial, and again on a final post‐deafness trial. The Stenger Test is designed to assess the degree and veracity of deafness reports. Reported changes in deafness levels were indistinguishable amongst high‐reals, low‐cognitives and high‐cognitives; all three of these groups reported lower levels of deafness compared to the simulating group. The latter demonstrated a pattern of response consistent with faking deafness, a response for which the Stenger Test is designed to measure. The findings lend support to the hypothesis that deafness does not uniquely characterize highly suggestible hypnotized subjects. In addition, the differences between reals and simulators reflect contextual demands on real subjects to report their deafness experience accurately. Copyright © 2004 British Society of Experimental and Clinical Hypnosis
Toward a scientifically based understanding of Milton H. Erickson's strategies and tactics: hypnosis, response sets and common factors in psychotherapy
Authors: Lynn Steven Jay , Hallquist Michael N. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThis article updates and extends earlier efforts (e.g. Sherman and Lynn, 1990; Lynn and Sherman, 2000) to characterize Erickson's work on the basis of the scientific literature and Kirsch and Lynn's (see Kirsch and Lynn, 1998) response set theory. It identifies therapeutic mechanisms and learning processes inherent in Erickson's work that constitute ‘common factors’ potentially responsible for the effectiveness of diverse psychotherapeutic and hypnotherapeutic approaches. We argue that many of Erickson's creative techniques were effective in establishing a strong therapeutic alliance and engendering, fortifying and maintaining positive response sets while removing impediments to the automatic activation of positive response sets and altering or deautomatizing maladaptive response sets. Copyright © 2004 British Society of Experimental and Clinical Hypnosis
Creating a virtual reality in hypnosis: a case of driving phobia
Authors: Kraft Tom , Kraft David 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThis is a case study of a 55‐year‐old married woman who had a severe driving phobia with a concomitant reduction in her mobility. She had been involved in an accident on the motorway but did not develop phobic symptoms until after the second incident – a near collision. The treatment consisted of a systematic desensitization of driving scenarios in hypnosis: after sixteen treatment sessions, the patient made a complete recovery and was able to drive on all public roads. Following each session, the patient was encouraged to practise her driving in the presence of her husband who was a skilled driver. In hypnosis, the patient was able to create a world of vivid imagery using all sensory modalities; and it was this verisimilitude, akin to ‘virtual reality exposure therapy’ (VRET), that contributed significantly to her complete recovery. Copyright © 2004 British Society of Experimental and Clinical Hypnosis
Beliefs and attitudes of Chinese regarding hypnosis and its applications
Authors: Yu Calvin Kai‐ching 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThe aim of the current study is to broadly consider the beliefs and attitudes of Hong Kong Chinese, regarding the notion of hypnosis and its applications. Particular attention is given to a comparison between the data of the current Chinese sample and those obtained by Western studies. Parameters such as self‐perceived hypnotizability and psychology training are also examined. Four hundred and fifty‐seven college students in Hong Kong were included in the study, and widely used inventories were adopted to measure their beliefs and attitudes towards hypnosis and its applications. While participants' beliefs in regards to the general nature of hypnosis do not vary significantly according to their cultural background, participants' perceived value of hypnosis and attitudes towards being hypnotized are subject to the effects of psychology training and self‐perceived hypnotizability. In addition, a number of significant associations between beliefs and attitudes with regard to hypnosis and its applications were found. This highlights the importance of clearing up the common misunderstanding in hypnotic practice. Copyright © 2004 British Society of Experimental and Clinical Hypnosis
Fantasy proneness, paranormal beliefs and personality features in out‐of‐body experiences
Authors: Gow Kathryn , Lang Tracey , Chant David 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThis study investigated the relationship between reported out‐of‐body experiences, certain psychological variables and personality characteristics. One hundred and sixty‐seven participants completed a series of questionnaires to investigate differences amongst those participants reporting out‐of‐body experiences and those who were classified as believers or non‐believers on: fantasy proneness, paranormal beliefs, psychological absorption, psychological association, somatoform dissociation, certain personality characteristics and OBE experience sensations. The findings revealed that experients were more fantasy prone, higher in their belief in the paranormal and displayed greater somatoform dissociation. Psychological absorption and dissociation were higher for believers than for either experients or non‐believers and in relation to experients, fantasy proneness, paranormal beliefs and the personality dimensions of institution and feeling were significantly related, as were psychological absorption, psychological dissociation and somatoform dissociation. Copyright © 2004 British Society of Experimental and Clinical Hypnosis
Hypnotizability and immunological response to psychological intervention in HIV
Authors: Laidlaw Tannis M. , Kerstein Ryan , Bennett Bryan M. , Naito Akira , Dwivedi Prabudha , Gruzelier John 
Published: February 2006

AbstractObjective:This pilot study related hypnotizability to changes in HIV immune blood markers after two psychological interventions.Design:The mean of two blood assays prior to intervention was compared to the results of the blood assay after the intervention.Intervention:A course of four weekly 2‐hour training sessions coupled with daily self‐hypnosis practice was given to 13 participants with diagnosed HIV and for a further participants a similar course was given in a Japanese healing method called Johrei (a total of 22 participants). All were naïve to anti‐retroviral medication.Main outcome measures:CD4+ T cell counts, viral load of the HIV virus in blood.Results:When highly hypnotizable subjects were compared to those of lower hypnotizability in a repeated measures analysis, their CD4+ t‐lymphocyte counts were significantly higher (p = 0.007). This was achieved by the highly hynotizable subjects non‐significantly raising their CD4+ counts while the CD4+ counts of the less hynotizable subjects declined significantly (mean change = −79.4 p = 0.006). The differences in CD4+ T cell % of lymphocytes and the viral loads did not differConclusions:This pilot study indicates that hypnotizability may predict immunological response to psychological interventions in HIV. Copyright © 2004 British Society of Experimental and Clinical Hypnosis
Waking hypnosis for waking people: why from Valencia?
Authors: Capafons Antonio 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThis article presents a cultural analysis of the reasons that waking hypnosis is widely accepted in Spain. These reasons relate to several features of the Spanish people, including their attitude towards others, politics, religion, habits and even the climate in which they live. In general, Spaniards seem to perceive ‘waking’ hypnosis as a technique that better adapts to their lifestyle than more traditional forms of hypnosis. In addition, they may be able to have more confidence in ‘waking’ hypnosis as it appears less threatening, since it is differentiated from stage hypnosis as presented by the media. Therefore, although ‘waking’ hypnosis is American in origin, the particular reasons why it has developed in Spain can be easily understood. Copyright © 2004 British Society of Experimental and Clinical Hypnosis
A case of post‐herpetic neuralgia treated with self‐hypnosis and imagery
Authors: Williamson Ann 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThis is a study of a case of post‐herpetic neuralgia treated successfully with the use of self‐hypnosis and client generated imagery in three sessions, the total treatment time being two hours. Paramount in the resolution was an acceptance of the symptom. Copyright © 2004 British Society of Experimental and Clinical Hypnosis
The hidden observer: final thoughts but not the last word
Authors: Green Joseph P. , Page Roger A. , Handley George W. , Rasekhy Rouhangiz 
Published: February 2006

AbstractIn this commentary, we respond to issues raised by reviewers of our paper concerning the hidden observer. We maintain the position that there are sufficient cues in the wording of the instructions to participants concerning the nature of their hidden reports to explain our findings and the findings from other flexible‐observer studies. Copyright © 2005 British Society of Experimental & Clinical Hypnosis. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Impact on health status of a hypnosis clinic in general practice
Authors: Dobbin Alastair , Faulkner Steve , Heaney David , Selvaraj Sivasubramaniam , Gruzelier John 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThe impact on health status of hypnosis was investigated in a primary care NHS GP surgery clinic, with referrals from a Local Health Care Cooperative (LHCC) with 85,000 patients. The Medical Outcomes Study Short Form‐36 Health Survey (SF36) pre and post treatment was completed by patients referred with mental health problems, medical problems and for smoking cessation. One hundred and fifteen patients successfully completed SF36 questionnaires before and six weeks after the intervention. Categories of treatment were smoking cessation, mental health, and medical. In the case of referrals for smoking cessation there were no significant changes in mental, social or physical function six weeks after the intervention. In the case of mental health referrals, which were predominantly anxiety related, there was a large and significant effect on the SF‐36 in emotional role and mental role and a moderate effect on social role and mental health. Self‐hypnosis was in widespread use after treatment, even in those whose perceived problem appeared not to have improved. The results suggest that simple hypnosis techniques could have a significant impact on mental health. This could have implications for promoting mental health as well as for treating mental illness, and needs to be tested further by a randomized, controlled trial. Copyright © 2004 British Society of Experimental and Clinical Hypnosis
The five factor model of personality and hypnotizability: little variance in common
Authors: Green Joseph P. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThe present study examined the responses of N = 285 undergraduate students on the NEO‐PI‐R (Costa and McCrae, 1992) and the Harvard Group Scale of Hypnotic Susceptibility, Form A (HGSHS:A; Shor and Orne, 1962). Participants' gender and their scores across the five domain scales of the NEO‐PI‐R accounted for approximately 8% (6% adjusted) of the variance in HGSHS:A scores. Individual facet scores on the NEO‐PI‐R accounted for approximately 21% (12% adjusted) of the variance in HGSHS:A performance. Results are consistent with previous attempts to associate hypnotizability with a measure of the five factor model of personality. Copyright © 2004 British Society of Experimental and Clinical Hypnosis
Beliefs and opinions regarding hypnosis and its applications among Chinese professionals in medical settings
Authors: Yu Calvin Kai‐ching 
Published: February 2006

AbstractFollowing the earlier report (see Yu, 2004) on how Chinese college students perceive hypnosis, this second paper proceeds to examine specifically the beliefs and opinions of Hong Kong Chinese health professionals regarding the notion of hypnosis and its clinical applications. In addition to the 457 college students initially reported in the first paper, 75 professionals working in medical settings are included in this study. The present findings indicate that while the professionals share similar beliefs and misconceptions about the general nature of hypnosis with the college students as a whole, the professionals very much resemble those students without psychology training who hold noticeably different opinions on the dimensions of the worth and transcendence‐achieving quality of hypnosis. Copyright © 2004 British Society of Experimental and Clinical Hypnosis
Clinical applications of ‘waking’ hypnosis from a cognitive‐behavioural perspective: from efficacy to efficiency
Authors: Capafons Antonio 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThis article reviews several essential components for use in the practice of hypnosis from a cognitive‐behavioural perspective. These include a cognitive‐behavioural introduction, which presents hypnosis to the client as a voluntary, self‐controlled process. Then, a set of practical tasks is presented for assessing suggestibility as well as collaboration and attitudes toward hypnosis. The author provides a description of rapid self‐hypnosis and instruction as to its implementation, and advocates the use of metaphors designed to facilitate a client's understanding of hypnosis. The article then introduces ‘waking’ hypnosis as an efficient, adaptable, and pleasurable alternative to other forms of hypnosis, and discusses its implications in terms of the socio‐cognitive perspective of hypnosis. Copyright © 2004 British Society of Experimental and Clinical Hypnosis