bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is cattle grazing an effective deterrent against sika deer (Cervus nippon) intrusion into pastures?
Authors: Tsukada Hideharu , Fukasawa Michiru , Kosako Takami 
Published: February 2008

AbstractWe tested whether grazing by cattle is effective for deterring persistent sika deer intrusion into two pastures (HB and DB) in Tochigi, Japan. The relative abundance of deer appearance at the pastures (RAIdeer), as evaluated by camera trapping, was compared at various cattle stocking densities (CSD) in HB (0–2.5 cow‐days ha−1 camera‐day−1) and DB (0–14.3 cow‐day ha−1 camera‐day−1). For controlling the several factors affecting RAIdeer, the least‐squares means (LSM) of RAIdeer in HB and the adjusted values of RAIdeer (adjRAIdeer) in HB and DB were calculated using ancova. In HB, a significant positive correlation was observed between RAIdeer and CSD (r = 0.295, P < 0.001), but not between adjRAIdeer and CSD (r = 0.101, P = 0.15). The LSM of the RAIdeer was significantly (P < 0.05) higher during the grazing period (May–October) than during the nongrazing period. In DB, there was no significant correlation between the RAIdeer and CSD (r = –0.023, P = 0.76) or between the adjRAIdeer and CSD (r = –0.118, P = 0.13). These results suggest that the increment of cattle stocking density will not deter sika deer from intruding into a permanent pasture that has been persistently grazed by cattle. Grazing cattle is not sufficient for preventing pasture damage by sika deer.
NEOGENE OIL AND GAS RESERVOIRS IN THE PROGRESO BASIN, OFFSHORE ECUADOR AND PERU: IMPLICATIONS FOR PETROLEUM EXPLORATION AND DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Deckelman J. A. , Connors F. X. , Shultz A. W. , Glagola P. A. , Menard W. M. , Schwegal S. R. , Shearer J. N. 
Published: February 2008

The Progreso Basin is an Oligocene to Recent forearc basin of pull‐apart/translational origin. In Peru, the basin contains proven petroleum reservoir sandstones of Early Miocene age at the Albacora field and the Barracuda‐4 well. In Ecuador, Middle Miocene sandstones tested oil at well Golfo de Guayaquil‐1, and Middle/Upper Miocene and Pliocene (?) sandstones produce gas at the Amistad field. Neogene sandstones are dominated by litharenites and feldspathic litharenites derived from uplifted and eroded Andean, Amotape (metamorphic), and oceanic crustal terranes. These are interpreted to have been deposited in neritic, brackish/coastal, and continental environments with locally steep gradients. The oil‐producing sandstones at Golfo de Guayaquil‐1 (∼12,300 to 12,418 ft RKB) and a gas‐producing sandstone of anomalously high porosity and permeability at Amistad‐1 (9,870 to 9,895 ft RKB) are of interpreted fluvio‐deltaic origin.Sidewall core and wireline log data indicate that reservoir storage capacity is good to very good. Porosity ranges from 15% to 30%, and is consistently greater than 20% where overburden is less than 10,000 ft. Compaction is the principal porosity occluding mechanism; sequential precipitation of authigenic chlorite, clinoptilolite (zeolite), and authigenic calcite has occluded porosity to a variable extent. Porosity preservation is assisted by disequlibrium compaction related to overpressuring throughout the basin.Reservoirs at the Amistad field have variable flow capacity. While the permeability of many sandstones is less than 20 mD, other sandstones, with probable Darcy‐scale permeability, have sustained commercial flows of gas since the onset of production in 2002. The flow capacity of offshore Peruvian reservoirs is limited. The most productive well at the Albacora field flowed at an average rate of only 451 b/d oil prior to abandonment.DST data from the Amistad field and the interpreted fluvio‐deltaic environment of deposition of some sandstones indicate that stratigraphic compartmentalization can be expected locally. Structural compartmentalization due to faulting occurs at Albacora field and is likely in other tectonically active areas. The sands are multistoried; they are interbedded with mudrocks and they typically are on the order of 100 ft or less in thickness.Gross‐sand thickness decreases westward and reservoir‐presence risk increases westward due to a number of factors including increasing distance from the sediment source; erosion of Miocene strata and complete truncation of Pliocene strata at an intra‐Pleistocene unconformity; onlap of the Neogene sequence onto the accretionary complex; and the presence of local bathymetric highs related to active mud diapirism.
RESERVOIR POTENTIAL OF A LACUSTRINE MIXED CARBONATE / SILICICLASTIC GAS RESERVOIR: THE LOWER TRIASSIC ROGENSTEIN IN THE NETHERLANDS
Authors: Palermo D. , Aigner T. , Geluk M. , Poeppelreiter M. , Pipping K. 
Published: February 2008

The Lower Triassic Rogenstein Member of the Buntsandstein Formation produces gas at the De Wijk and Wanneperveen fields, NE Netherlands and consists mainly of claystones with intercalated oolitic limestone beds. The excellent reservoir properties of the oolites (φ= 20‐30%; k = 5‐4000 mD) are predominantly controlled by depositional facies. Oolitic limestones are interpreted as the storm and wave deposits of a shallow, desert lake located in the Central European Buntsandstein Basin.The vertical sequence of lithofacies in the Rogenstein Member indicates cyclic changes of relative lake level. The reservoir rock is vertically arranged in a three‐fold hierarchy of cycles, recognised both in cores and wireline logs. These cycles are a key to understanding the distribution of reservoir facies, and are used as the basis for a high‐resolution sequence stratigraphic correlation of the reservoir units.Slight regional‐scale thickness variations of the Rogenstein Member (in the order of tens of metres) are interpreted as the effects of differential subsidence associated with the inherited Palaeozoic structural framework. The depositional basin can be subdivided into subtle palaeo‐highs and ‐lows which controlled facies distribution during Rogenstein deposition. Oolitic limestones show their greatest lateral extent and thickest development in the Middle Rogenstein during large‐scale maximum flooding.Potential reservoir rocks (decimetre to metres thick) are present in the NE Netherlands, in particular in the Lauwerszee Trough and the Lower Saxony Basin, where abundant gas shows of 200 ‐ 4000 ppm CH4 have been recorded. Preserved primary porosity is interpreted to be a result of rapid burial in subtle depositional palaeo‐lows in this area. The thickest, amalgamated oolite intervals (tens of metres thick) occur in the eastern part of the Central Netherlands Basin. Because of poor reservoir properties, other areas appear to be less promising in terms of Rogenstein exploration potential.
Prevalence of Bacterial Pathogens and their Anti‐microbial Resistance in Tilapia and their Pond Water in Trinidad
Authors: Newaj‐Fyzul A. , Mutani A. , Ramsubhag A. , Adesiyun A. 
Published: February 2008

SummaryIn Trinidad, Tilapia (Oreonchromis spp.) is one of the most important fresh water food fish and the number of farms has been increasing annually. A study was conducted in the local tilapia industry to determine the microbial quality of pond water, prevalence of bacterial pathogens and their anti‐microbial resistance using the disk diffusion method. Seventy‐five apparently healthy fish and 15 pond water samples from three of the four commercial tilapia fish farms in the country were processed. The 202 bacterial isolates recovered from fish slurry and 88 from water, belonged to 13 and 16 genera respectively. The predominant bacteria from fish slurry were Pseudomonas spp. (60.0%), Aeromonas spp. (44.0%), Plesiomonas (41.3%) and Chromobacterium (36.0%) (P < 0.05; χ2) compared with isolates from pond water where Bacillus spp. (80.0%), Staphylococcus spp., Alcaligenes spp. and Aeromonas spp. (60.0%) were most prevalent (P < 0.05; χ2). Using eight anti‐microbial agents, to test bacteria from five genera (Aeromonas, Chromobacterium, Enterobacter, Plesiomonas and Pseudomonas), 168 (97.1%) of 173 bacterial isolates from fish slurry exhibited resistance to one or more anti‐microbial agents compared with 47 (90.4%) of 52 from water (P > 0.05; χ2). Resistance was high to ampicillin, 90.2% (158 of 173), erythromycin, 66.5% (115 of 173) and oxytetracycline, 52.6%, (91 of 173) but relatively low to chloramphenicol, 9.8% (17 of 173) and sulphamethoxazole/trimethoprim, 6.4% (11 of 173) (P < 0.05; χ2). For pond water isolates, the frequency of resistance across bacterial genera ranged from 75% (nine of 12) for Chromobacter spp. to 100% found amongst Enterobacter spp. (six of six), Plesiomonas spp. (nine of nine) and Pseudomonas spp. (eight of eight) (P < 0.05; χ2). Resistance was generally high to ampicillin, 78.8% (41 of 52), erythromycin, 51.9% (27 of 52) and oxytetracycline, 34.5% (18 of 52) but low to sulphamethoxazole/trimethoprim, 7.7% (four of 52) and norfloxacin, 3.8% (two of 52) (P < 0.05; χ2). It was concluded that the rather high prevalence of bacterial pathogens in tilapia along with their high prevalence of resistance to anti‐microbial agents might pose therapeutic problems as well as health risk to consumers. The microbial presence and their anti‐microbial resistance in the tilapia industry are being reported for the first time in the country.
Baseline Prostate-Specific Antigen Level and Risk of Prostate Cancer and Prostate-Specific Mortality: Diagnosis Is Dependent on the Intensity of Investigation
Authors: Connolly David , Black Amanda , Gavin Anna , Keane Patrick F. , Murray Liam J. 
Published: February 2008

Abstract
Background: When considering prostate biopsy, men and their physicians must balance the potential benefits of early diagnosis of localized cancer with the implications of overdiagnosis of clinically insignificant cancers. We investigated the risk of prostate cancer and prostate cancer–specific and all-cause mortality by baseline prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level in a population-based cohort study in Northern Ireland, where PSA screening is not recommended and where low to moderately raised (&lt;10.0 ng/mL) PSA levels were not routinely investigated.
Methods: From a regional electronic database of PSA results, men who had their initial PSA between January 1, 1994 and December 31, 1998 were identified and followed for diagnosis of prostate cancer and prostate cancer–specific and all-cause mortality until December 31, 2003.
Results: 68,354 men (mean age, 65.2 years) were included, with 50,676 (74.1%) having a baseline PSA of &lt;4.0 ng/mL; 402 (0.8%) of these were subsequently diagnosed with prostate cancer. PSA level was positively associated with risk of prostate cancer and prostate-specific mortality. In men with baseline PSA &lt;4.0 ng/mL, the rate of prostate cancer and high-grade cancer diagnosis was &lt;2 and &lt;1 cases per 1,000 person-years, respectively, whereas prostate-specific mortality was very low (0.18 cases per 1,000 person-years) compared with overall mortality (28.71 cases per 1,000 person-years).
Conclusion: Following a PSA result, men need to be aware not only of the risk of prostate cancer but also of having cancer that may cause them harm during their lifetime or, more importantly, kill them. These data should inform and reassure men of their risk of clinically significant prostate cancer. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2008;17(2):271–8)
Abdominal Obesity and the Risk of Esophageal and Gastric Cardia Carcinomas
Authors: Corley Douglas A. , Kubo Ai , Zhao Wei 
Published: February 2008

Abstract
Background: Esophageal adenocarcinoma is rapidly increasing in incidence. Body mass index (BMI) is a risk factor, but its distribution does not reflect the demographic distribution of the cancer (which is highest among White men). Abdominal obesity patterns may explain this discordance, but no studies exist to date.
Methods: Nested case-control study within 206,974 members of the Kaiser Permanente multiphasic health checkup cohort; subjects received detailed questionnaires, a standardized examination including BMI and anthropometric measurements, and follow-up of esophageal and cardia cancers using registry data.
Results: 101 incident esophageal adenocarcinomas, 105 cardia adenocarcinomas, and 144 esophageal squamous cell carcinomas were detected (BMI data available for all cases; abdominal measurements for a subset). Increasing abdominal diameter was strongly associated with an increased risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma [odds ratio (OR), 3.47; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.29-9.33; abdominal diameter, ≥25 versus &lt;20 cm]. Adjustment for BMI did not diminish this association (BMI-adjusted OR, 4.78; 95% CI, 1.14-20.11). The association was also not diminished by adjustment for gastroesophageal reflux-type symptoms, although reflux-type symptoms were separately associated with both abdominal diameter and cancer risk. Abdominal diameter was not associated with the risk of cardia adenocarcinomas (OR, 1.28; 95% CI, 0.38-4.25; diameter, ≥25 versus &lt;20 cm) or esophageal squamous cell carcinomas (OR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.32-1.92).
Conclusions: Increasing abdominal diameter was associated with an increased risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma, independent of BMI. Cancer risk was not substantially mediated through gastroesophageal reflux-type symptoms, although symptoms may imperfectly measure reflux severity. Given abdominal obesity is more common among males, these findings suggest that increases in obesity may disproportionately increase the risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma in males. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2008;17(2):352–8)
Subtropical Forcing of Tropical Pacific Climate and Decadal ENSO Modulation
Authors: Matei Daniela , Keenlyside Noel , Latif Mojib , Jungclaus Johann 
Published: February 2008

Abstract
The relative impact of the subtropical North and South Pacific Oceans on the tropical Pacific climate mean state and variability is estimated using an ocean–atmosphere–sea ice coupled general circulation model. Tailored experiments are performed in which the model is forced by idealized sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs) in the subtropics of both hemispheres. The main results of this study suggest that subtropical South Pacific climate variations play a dominant role in tropical Pacific decadal variability and in the decadal modulation of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO).
In response to a 2°C warming in the subtropical South Pacific, the equatorial Pacific SST increases by about 0.6°C, approximately 65% larger than the change in the North Pacific experiment. The subtropics affect equatorial SST mainly through atmosphere–mixed layer interactions in the South Pacific experiments; the response is mostly accomplished within a decade. The “oceanic tunnel” dominates in the North Pacific experiments; the response takes at least 100 yr to be accomplished. Similar sensitivity experiments conducted with the stand-alone atmosphere model showed that both air–sea interactions and ocean dynamics are crucial in shaping the tropical climate response.
The statistics of ENSO exhibit significant changes in amplitude and frequency in response to a warming/cooling of the subtropical South Pacific: a 2°C warming (cooling) of subtropical South Pacific SST reduces (increases) the interannual standard deviation by about 30% (20%) and shortens (lengthens) the ENSO period. The simulated changes in the equatorial zonal SST gradient are the main contributor to the modulation of ENSO variability. The simulated intensification (weakening) of the annual cycle in response to an enhanced warming (cooling) in subtropical South Pacific partly explains the shifts in frequency, but may also lead to a weaker (stronger) ENSO. The subtropical North Pacific thermal forcing did not change the statistical properties of ENSO as strongly.
Visibility during Blowing Snow Events over Arctic Sea Ice
Authors: Huang Qiang , Hanesiak John , Savelyev Sergiy , Papakyriakou Tim , Taylor Peter A. 
Published: February 2008

Abstract
A field study on visibility during Arctic blowing snow events over sea ice in Franklin Bay, Northwest Territories, Canada, was carried out from mid-January to early April 2004 during the Canadian Arctic Shelf Exchange Study (CASES) 2003–04 expedition. Visibilities at two heights, wind and temperature profiles, plus blowing and drifting snow particle flux at several heights were monitored continually during the study period. Good relations between visibility and wind speed were found in individual events of ground blowing snow with coefficients of determination &gt;0.9. Regression equations relating 1.5-m height visibility to 10-m wind speed can be used for predicting visibility with a mean relative error in the range of 19%–32%. Similar regression functions obtained from the data for observed visibility of less than 1 km could predict visibilities more accurately for more extreme visibility reductions and wind speeds (&gt;9.5 m s−1) with mean relative error ranging from 15% to 26%. For the event of ground blowing snow, a simple power law relationship between wind speed and visibility is sufficient for operational purposes. A poorer relationship was observed in the event of blowing snow with concurrent precipitating snow. A theoretical visibility model developed by Pomeroy and Male fit well with observed visibilities if using a mean radius of 50 μm and an alpha value of 10. The predicted visibility had a mean relative error of 30.5% and root-mean-square error of 1.3 km. The observed visibility at 1.5 m had a strong relation with particle counter readings, with an R2 of 0.92, and was consistent among all events.
Product, Competence, Project and Practice
Authors: Watson Matthew , Shove Elizabeth 
Published: February 2008

Studies of ordinary (as distinct from spectacular) forms of consumption have generated new questions and new ways of thinking about mechanisms and processes of change and about the conceptual status of consumer goods. No longer exclusively framed as semiotic resources deployed in the expression and reproduction of identities and social relations, products are increasingly viewed as essential ingredients in the effective accomplishment of everyday life. In this article, we examine the recursive relation between products, projects and practices with reference to do-it-yourself (DIY) and home improvement — an important area of craft consumption and a field in which consumers are actively and creatively engaged in integrating and transforming complex arrays of material goods. Interviews with DIY practitioners and retailers point to a circuit of interdependent relations between the hardware of consumption (tools, materials, etc.); distributions of competence (between humans and non-humans); the emergence of consumer projects and, with them, new patterns of demand. In elaborating on these practical and theoretical linkages we develop an analysis of the material dynamics of craft consumption that bridges approaches rooted in science studies, material culture and consumption.
Dating of zircon and monazite from diamondiferous quartzofeldspathic rocks of the Saxonian Erzgebirge – hints at burial and exhumation velocities
Authors: Massonne H.-J. , Kennedy A. , Nasdala L. , Theye T. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractIn order to better understand the formation and evolution processes of ultrahigh pressure (UHP) felsic rocks, we determined the ages of various domains of zircon and monazite crystals from the diamondiferous quartzofeldspathic rocks of the Saxonian Erzgebirge. According to cathodoluminescence imagery and Th/U ratios, three zircon zones were distinguished. Each was dated using several spot analyses from a sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe analysing Pb, U and Th isotopes. The results were: (1) core zone – 21 analyses: Th/U ≤ 40.023 and 337.0±2.7 Ma (2σ, combined 206Pb/238U-207Pb/235U age); (2) diamond-bearing intermediate zone – 23 analyses: Th/U ≥ 50.037 and 336.8±2.8 Ma; and (3) rim zone – 12 analyses: Th/U = 0.015–0.038 (plus one analysis of 0.164) and 330.2±5.8 Ma. The U-Pb obtained ages are virtually concordant. Furthermore, two oscillatory zoned zircon cores (Th/U ≥ 50.8) yielded (~concordant) ages of ~400 Ma. Six SHRIMP analyses of monazites gave an age of 332.4±2.1 Ma. In addition, Pb, Th and U contents in monazite were analysed with an electron microprobe (EMP). A mean age of 324.7±8.0 (2σ) Ma was acquired from 113 analyses.By combining the defined ages with previously published P-T conditions, minimum velocities for burial and exhumation were estimated. In addition, we present a likely geodynamic scenario involving age data from the literature as well as this study: beginning 340 million years ago, gneisses at the base of a thickened continentalcrust (~1.8 GPa, 650ºC) were transported to depths of at least 130 km, possibly as deep as 250 km. Here they were heated (>1050ºC) and partially melted and as a result began to rise rapidly. The burial and subsequent ascent back to a depth of 50 km, where zircon rims and monazite formed, took only a few million years and perhaps significantly less.
Small interfering RNA targeting CDC25B inhibits liver tumor growth in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Yan Xinrui , Chua Mei-Sze , He Jing , So Samuel K 
Published: February 2008

Abstract

Background
Using gene expression profiling, we previously identified CDC25B to be significantly highly expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) compared to non-tumor liver. CDC25B is a cell cycle-activating phosphatase that positively regulates the activity of cyclin-dependent kinases, and is over-expressed in a variety of human malignancies. In this study, we validated the over-expression of CDC25B in HCC, and further investigated its potential as a therapeutic target for the management of HCC.

Results
Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemical staining of patient samples confirmed the significant over-expression of CDC25B in HCC compared to non-tumor liver samples (P < 0.001). Thus, intefering with the expression and activity of CDC25B may be a potential way to intervene with HCC progression. We used RNA interference to study the biological effects of silencing CDC25B expression in HCC cell lines (Hep3B and Hep40), in order to validate its potential as a therapeutic target. Using small oligo siRNAs targeting the coding region of CDC25B, we effectively suppressed CDC25B expression by up to 90%. This was associatetd with significant reductions in cell growth rate, cell migration and invasion through the matrigel membrane, and caused significant cell cycle delay at the G2 phase. Finally, suppression of CDC25B significantly slowed the growth of Hep40 xenografts in nude mice.

Conclusion
Our data provide evidence that the inhibition of CDC25B expression and activity lead to suppression of tumor cell growth and motility, and may therefore be a feasible approach in the clinical management of HCC.