bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dry dermoscopy in clinical treatment of alopecia areata
Authors: INUI Shigeki , NAKAJIMA Takeshi , ITAMI Satoshi 
Published: August 2007

ABSTRACTAlthough dermoscopy is conventionally utilized with immersion gel for diagnosis of pigmented tumor, we utilized dry dermoscopy, which is dermoscopy without immersion gel, for clinical treatment of alopecia areata (AA). The scalp skin and hair of a 38‐year‐old Japanese male, and 23‐, 22‐ and 47‐year‐old Japanese females with AA, whose normal hair color was black, were examined by dry dermoscopy. Exclamation mark hairs, short hairs, fractured hairs and black dots, all characteristic of AA, were detected by dry dermoscopy of the scalp of the 23‐year‐old female with ophiasis type AA. In the case of the 47‐year‐old female with round hair loss on the occipital scalp and diffuse hair loss over the fronto‐vertical region, dry dermoscopy was useful for diagnosis of AA based on hair characteristic of AA. After she received corticosteroid pulse therapy with 500 mg of i.v. methylprednisolone on 3 successive days, her hair showed apparent regrowth and disappearance of the abnormal hairs characteristic of AA, evidenced by dry dermoscopy 1 month later. In a case of long‐lasting AA in the 23‐year‐old female, we found a follicular plaque‐like appearance at the opened hair follicle pores by dry dermoscopy. Histopathologically, the incompletely differentiated remnant hair shaft was packed in the follicular infundibulum. In addition, regrowing vellus hairs, which were difficult to clinically recognize, were detected by dry dermoscopy. Dry dermoscopy is therefore useful for both diagnosis and follow up of AA.
Flow‐field observations of a tidally driven island wake used by marine mammals in the Bay of Fundy, Canada
Authors: JOHNSTON D. W. , READ A. J. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractCorrelations between fine‐scale oceanographic features and aggregations of marine mammals are frequently reported, but the physical forces shaping these relationships are rarely explored. We conducted a series of oceanographic observations and remote sensing surveys of an oceanographic feature near Grand Manan Island known to attract marine mammals on flood tides. We tracked drift drogues from cliff‐top with a theodolite and conducted box‐type surveys with an acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) to assess flow patterns within the oceanographic feature. The feature was also visualized with Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) scenes. Drift drogues were advected towards a shear line originating near the northern tip of the island and entrained in one or more eddies downstream. ADCP surveys confirmed the presence of the shear line between rapid easterly flow and slower return flow. As the tide progressed, the shear line extended and manifested a single anti‐cyclonic eddy at its distal end. As the flood tide progressed, northerly flow along the eastern shore of the island intensified and deflected the shear line northwards, shedding the eddy at slack high water. SAR images confirmed the presence of the shearline and eddy system, illustrating the evolution of a wake behind the island on flood tides. Profiles of flow direction and acoustic backscatter revealed secondary flows within the wake consistent with models and observations of other wakes. Oceanographic and remote sensing observations confirm that an island wake is generated by tidal flow past Grand Manan Island and provide an ecological context for the predictable aggregations of odontocete and mysticete cetaceans observed foraging within this region.
Rethinking the interface between ecology and society. The case of the cockle controversy in the Dutch Wadden Sea
Authors: Swart Jac. A. A , Van Andel Jelte 
Published: August 2007

Summary

Applied ecology, like conservation research, may deal with societal issues if its scientifically based interventions have societal consequences. Human utilization plays a significant role in many ecosystems, so conservation ecologists often have to act on the interface between science and society, where controversies may arise.
Using insights from science and technology studies, we have analysed the 15‐year controversy on the ecological effects of cockle fishing in the Dutch Wadden Sea, which began around 1990 and involved nature protection and shellfish organizations, as well as several leading Dutch ecologists, in a heated debate.
During this controversy, evaluative research on the ecological effects of cockle fishing was undertaken by a consortium of institutes in order to contribute to the process of political decision‐making by the Dutch government on cockle fishery in this area. In addition to conservational and commercial interests, ecological research itself became part of the controversy.
The research projects on the effects of cockle fishing during this controversy are examples of societally contextualized science, implying that interests and societal disputes are intertwined with scientific arguments. We have applied a dynamic model of contextualization in which societal stakes and scientific uncertainty are considered as the main factors determining the different contexts in which conservation research functions.
Synthesis and applications. Conservation research, whether it is fundamental or managerially orientated, is related to greater societal aims and interests and might easily face more or less complex societally contextualized situations. Such situations imply extended responsibilities for scientists. Not only is there a need for sound science, but also for a sound way of interacting and communicating with the societal environment. Some elements of such a notion of extended accountability are presented.
Being family: the family experience when an adult member is hospitalized with a critical illness
Authors: Eggenberger Sandra K , Nelms Tommie P 
Published: August 2007

Aims and objectives. The purpose of this qualitative study was to understand and interpret the ‘family experience’ with an adult member hospitalized with a critical illness.Background. Nursing practice in critical care settings has traditionally focused on individual patient needs with only tangential recognition of family needs. Investigation to describe the family experience to illuminate family nursing practice has been lacking. The majority of studies thus far related to critical illness and family are quantitative and reveal constraints to family care and problematic nurse–family interactions. The logical next step is a new kind of family research to enhance nursing of the family as a whole.Design. Family systems theory and existential phenomenology provided the frameworks guiding the study.Methods. Semi‐structured ‘family as a group’ interviews were performed with 11 families. Data were analysed using Van Manen's hermeneutic method. Rigor was addressed with trustworthiness criteria.Results. The family experience was analysed within Van Manen's framework of lived space, lived relation, lived body and lived time. A constitutive pattern of being family was revealed.Conclusions. Being family bonds families and makes them exceedingly strong during the critical illness experience. Being a family unit is what gives most families the ability to endure the emotional upheaval and suffering that come with the critical illness experience.Relevance to clinical practice. Nurses have profound power to help families bear this experience. Family caring is enhanced with the presence of nurses who recognize the importance of ‘Being Family’ for the family, acknowledge the significance of the nurse–family relationship and act on a commitment to bewithandforthe family.
Depressive symptoms among older residents at nursing homes in Taiwan
Authors: Lin Pao‐Chen , Wang Hsiu‐Hung , Huang Hui‐Tzu 
Published: August 2007

Aims and objectives.  To examine the depressive symptoms of older residents at nursing homes and the relationship between their depressive symptoms and certain selected variables.Background.  Depression has become a major healthcare concern among the older people, but nursing home‐based studies on risk factors of depression have still hardly been well performed in Taiwan.Design.  A cross‐sectional design was developed and implemented.Methods.  A research sample of 138 older residents was recruited from eight nursing homes located in southern Taiwan. During face‐to‐face interviews, the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale, Social Support Scale, Chronic Condition Checklist and Socio‐demographic Inventory were used for data collection.Results.  The results showed that 81·8% of those residents were identified as being depressed. It was further discovered that the length of residency, number of chronic conditions, perceived health status and the amount of social support from their family and relatives could explain 38·8% of the total variances in depressive symptoms.Conclusions.  Our study suggests that, in Taiwan, older people who live in nursing homes suffer from more depressive symptoms than those in community dwellings. To maintain and improve the health status for the elderly as much as possible, it is suggested that healthcare providers at nursing homes should develop an effective health promotion program for these older peoples.Relevance to clinical practice.  There exists a high rate of depressive symptoms among older residents at nursing homes. It is imperative that a proper identification and its correspondent treatment for this health problem on the older residents are required. In late life, to maintain a higher level of quality of life, it is important to suggest that the health providers should regularly screen older people to increase the likelihood of diagnosis and improved treatment of late‐life depressive symptoms.
Recombination, balancing selection and adaptive evolution in the aflatoxin gene cluster of Aspergillus parasiticus
Authors: CARBONE IGNAZIO , JAKOBEK JUDY L. , RAMIREZ‐PRADO JORGE H. , HORN BRUCE W. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractAflatoxins are toxic and carcinogenic polyketides produced by several Aspergillus species that are known to contaminate agricultural commodities, posing a serious threat to animal and human health. Aflatoxin (AF) biosynthesis is almost fully characterized and involves the coordinated expression of approximately 25 genes clustered in a 70‐kb DNA region. Aspergillus parasiticus is an economically important and common agent of AF contamination. Naturally occurring nonaflatoxigenic strains of A. parasiticus are rarely found and generally produce O‐methylsterigmatocystin (OMST), the immediate precursor of AF. To elucidate the evolutionary forces acting to retain AF and OMST pathway extrolites (chemotypes), we sequenced 21 intergenic regions spanning the entire cluster in 24 A. parasiticus isolates chosen to represent the genetic diversity within a single Georgia field population. Linkage disequilibrium analyses revealed five distinct recombination blocks in the A. parasiticus cluster. Phylogenetic network analyses showed a history of recombination between chemotype‐specific haplotypes, as well as evidence of contemporary recombination. We performed coalescent simulations of variation in recombination blocks and found an approximately twofold deeper coalescence for cluster genealogies compared to noncluster genealogies, our internal standard of neutral evolution. Significantly deeper cluster genealogies are indicative of balancing selection in the AF cluster of A. parasiticus and are further corroborated by the existence of trans‐species polymorphisms and common haplotypes in the cluster for several closely related species. Estimates of Ka/Ks for representative cluster genes provide evidence of selection for OMST and AF chemotypes, and indicate a possible role of chemotypes in ecological adaptation and speciation.
TheLeptynia hispanicaspecies complex (Insecta Phasmida): polyploidy, parthenogenesis, hybridization and more
Authors: GHISELLI FABRIZIO , MILANI LILIANA , SCALI VALERIO , PASSAMONTI MARCO 
Published: August 2007

AbstractTheLeptynia hispanicastick insect species complex includes bisexuals, triploid and tetraploid parthenogenetic populations, suggesting that polyploidy has played a central role in the evolution of this complex. An analysis of karyotype, mitochondrial DNA (cox2) and nuclear DNA (ef1‐α) markers was carried out to clarify phylogenetic relationships and microevolutionary/phylogeographical patterns of theL. hispanicacomplex. Our analyses suggested a subdivision of bisexual populations into four groups, tentatively proposed as incipient species. Moreover, triploids and tetraploids showed two independent origins, the latter being more ancient than the former. Fromef1‐α analysis, triploids showed hybrid constitution, while the hybrid constitution of tetraploids is likely, but more data are needed. We suggest thatL. hispanicais a case of ‘geographical parthenogenesis’ with parthenogenetic strains colonizing large peripheral ranges, and bisexuals confined to glacial refuge areas. Moreover, the age, wide distribution and competitive advantage of polyploids over diploids, demonstrate their significance in the evolution of theL. hispanicaspecies complex.
The Detection of Campylobacter pylori (Cp) in Gastro‐Duodenal Disease: The Efficacy of the Rapid Urease (RU) Test and Relationship between Endoscopic Findings, Histological Gastritis and Presence of Cp
Authors: SHIRAI Takayuki , HARASAWA Shigeru , MIWA Takeshi 
Published: August 2007

Abstract: In the comparison of bacteriological and histological methods, the rapid urease (RU) test was considered a specific (100%) method for detection of Campylobacter Pylori (Cp), by which the presence of Cp can be rapidly judged (more than 90% in 20 min.). For an accurate and reliable diagnosis, other methods should be used concurrently, because the sensitivity of this test was inferior to bacteriological methods by 10 to 20%.In the histological study, polymorphonuclear leukocyte infiltration in the antral mucosa clearly reflected Cp infection. This pathological change responded well to antibacterial therapy.Of some endoscopic findings in the gastric antrum, verrucous change was considered to have a relatively close association with Cp infection. However, about 30% of Cp‐present cases had endoscopically no abnormal appearance in the gastric antrum.
Minute Rectal Cancer Associated with Nodular Involvement —A Case Study—
Authors: OHTA Takahito , MAI Masayoshi , OGINO Tomomi , KIDA Yuri , MINAMOTO Toshinari , TAKAHASHI Yutaka , SAWAGUCHI Kiyoshi , JINKAWA Shigeru , YASUDA Yoshiaki 
Published: August 2007

Abstract: This study presents the case of a patient with minute type Ha rectal cancer with a diameter at its largest of only 5 mm, with infiltration as far as the submucosal layer (sm) and positive parietal lymph node metastasis.The patient was a 54 year‐old male who visited Yasuda Medical Hospital because of diarrhea which appeared in early May 1988.During sigmoidscopy, a small protruding lesion was seen in the rectum (Rs) about 12 cm from the margin of the anus, and the patient was referred to the authors' surgical service for an endoscopic polypectomy because of a biopsy diagnosis of adenocarcinoma. The polyp had a smooth, shiny surface, and had a well demarcated hemispherical shape.A histopathological examination of the polypectomized specimen, showed that it was an invasive carcinoma extending into the submucosal layer without any adenoma component. Since the cut end of the specimen strongly suggested positive cancer cells and lymphatic permeation was also confirmed from the polypectomized specimen, a low anterior resection was performed on August 4, 1988. The postoperative histological examination revealed a small amount of residual cancer cells in the submucosal layer which appeared to be at the cut end of the resected polyp.One metastatic focal point was seen in the pararectal lymphnode, and this patient's case provided valuable suggestions for deciding upon therapeutic policies for early cancer of the large intestine.
Gastric Mucosal Blood Flow Before and After TAE
Authors: TSUCHIGAME Tadatoshi , ITOH Kohshiro , HAR Masafumi , WATANABE Okimitsu , OHYAMA Youichi , BABA Takashi , YOSHIMATSU Syunji , UOZUMI Hideaki , UENO Sukeyoshi , TAKAHASHI Mutsumasa 
Published: August 2007

Abstract: An evaluation of gastrointestinal complications after transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) was conducted by endoscopy in order to investigate the pathogenesis of post TAE gastrointestinal complications. In addition, the gastric mucosal blood flow (GMBF) was evaluated by a laser doppler.The incidence of complications following the administration of a H2–blocker was 34.1%, whereas the incidence following the administration of PGE1 and without medication were 2.3% (P >0.01) and 9.4%, respectively.In the group which did not receive medication, just after a TAE the GMBF decreased markedly in the lesser curvature of the gastric antrum (P >0.01), and in the lesser and greater curvature of the gastric body. This persisted from 1 to 7 days after the TAE with the GMBF showing a tendency to recover. On the other hand, in the group who received PGE1, the GMBF did not decrease in any site of the stomach following TAE.These findings suggested that the ischemia which occurred due to a decrease in the GMBF caused the gastrointestinal complications seen.
A Comparative Study Between Laparoscopic Findings and Histological Stages in Primary Biliary Cirrhosis
Authors: MATSUMOTO Masafumi , KAGAWA Keizo , SHINTANI Hiroyuki , NISHIYAMA Akitsugu , MIZUNO Masayuki , SAKABE Kazuo , HIKITA Hiroshi , TAKEUCHI Takayuki , TADA Hisashi , FUKUI Susumu , DEGUCHI Takeshi , OKANOUE Takeshi , KASHIMA Kei 
Published: August 2007

Abstract: Histopathologically, early lesions of primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) are focal within the liver and there is segmental involvement of the bile ducts. In addition, the development of PBC is variable within the liver. PBC is characterized by the following laparoscopic findings: reddish patch, mesh‐like white marking and gentle undulation, etc.In the present study, we analyzed the correlation between the laparoscopic findings and the histological stage as per Scheuer's classification in 22 patients with PBC. The results of this study are summarized as follows:1) Reddish patch was frequently observed in the early stage of PBC. 2) Mesh‐like white marking was observed in cases of stage I, II and III. 3) Gentle undulation was seen in stage II and III. The absence of this finding is useful in the diagnosis of stage I. 4) In stage IV, these three findings were not observed. 5) From these three findings, it was difficult to differentiate stage II or III. But the presence of portal hypertension and increased vascularity of the liver capsule were observed in accordance with the progression of the disease. Indications of portal hypertension were seen even in the early stage and in some asymptomatic cases of PBC.In conclusion, the laparoscopic findings such as reddish patch, mesh‐like white marking, gentle undulaion and portal hypertension are very valuable for stage diagnosis and the evaluation of prognosis in patients with PBC.
Endoscopic Diagnosis of Intestinal Lipomas
Authors: MURATA Ikuo , MUTA Koki , ITSUNO Minoru , MAKIYAMA Kazuya , HARA Kohei , IMAMURA Kazuyuki , TAGUCHI Hisao , MATSUNAGA Keiichiro , YAMANAKA Hideo 
Published: August 2007

Abstract:A retrospective endoscopic study of 11 patients with intestinal lipomas was conducted. The patients included 2 with duodenal—, 2 with small intestinal—, and 7 with large intestinal lipomas. Endoscopically, in addition to features common to all submucosal tumors, lipomas often present characteristic findings including a yellowish surface color and softness of the tumor. The yellowish color was noticed in the 6 patients whose tumors were 10 mm and more in size. In the 2 patients with lipomas in the small intestine, the yellowish color was diminished by hemorrhages, inflammation and fibromusculosis in the lamina propria mucosa due to mechanical irritations such as peristalsis and intussusception. Thus, the appearance of the yellow color was related to the size of the tumors and the histological changes in the overlying mucosa. Endoscopic palpation with biopsy forceps aids in making a diagnosis of lipomas; and the cushion sign was noticed in 3 of 4 patients who underwent the palpation. The naked fat sign is pathognornonic but was observed in only 1 patient with a duodenal lipoma, in which the fat tissue was exposed by denuding the mucosa with the biopsy forceps. Scopic biopsies revealed lipomas in 3 patients. Careful observation of the color and palpation during the endoscopic examination are important for making a correct diagnosis and avoiding the unnecessary resection of lesions.
Colon Polyps Detected by Contrast Chromoscopy Using Indigo Carmine Capsule
Authors: MITOOKA Hideki , FUJIMORI Takahiro , MAEDA Sakan , HONSAKO Yoichiro , OHNO Shigekazu , OKANO Hiroyuki , MIYAMOTO Masaki , AOYAMA Nobuo 
Published: August 2007

Abstract:Contrast chromoscopy of the colon using indigo carmine capsule was performed in 287 patients from July 1990 to March 1991. The distribution and histological features of the polyps detected and resected in these patients were investigated. The overall prevalence of polyps (neoplastic and nonneoplastic) was 85.7% and that of neoplastic polyps was 57.1 %. Moreover, the prevalence of neoplastic polyps in 121 asymptomatic patients was 50.4%. A total of 1179 polyps were resected. Of this total, 1049 polyps were diminutive (>5 mm), and 130 polyps were >5 mm. Histological examinations revealed 35.6% of the diminutive polyps and 83.7% of the large polyps (>5 mm) were neoplastic. Proximally, diminutive neoplastic polyps predominated, accounting for 78% of all of the diminutive polyps in the right colon. The situation was reversed in the distal colon, where diminutive non‐neoplastic polyps comprised 91% of all of the diminutive polyps in the rectum. The number of large polyps was evenly distributed throughout the colon. The incidence of carcinoma was 0.5% of the diminutive polyps and 10.1 % of the large polyps. Approximately 70% of all of the neoplastic polyps were located proximal to the sigmoid colon. These findings suggest that there are many more polyps present throughout the colon than previously estimated. This suggests that total colonoscopy be performed more thoroughly than before, by using for instance chromoscopy. Furthermore, all of the polyps encountered during colonoscopy should be removed due to the high prevalence of neoplasia, especially in the proximal side of the colon.
A Study on the Shape of Colorectal Hyperplastic Polyps—Consideration of the Importance of the Location—
Authors: OHARA Noboru , NAGASAKO Kou , BABA Rika , YASHIRO Kurato , SUZUKI Shigeru 
Published: August 2007

Abstract:Sixty‐nine hyperplastic polyps over 6mm in diameter were studied with respect to their size and location. Of these polyps, 47% in the rectum, 35% in the right colon, and 80% in the left colon were pedunculated. In other words, polyps with stalks were prevalent in the left colon. Horizontally growing tumors like hyperplastic polyps tended to be pedunculated depending on their location.