bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seasonal rewiring of the songbird brain: an in vivo MRI study
Authors: De Groof Geert , Verhoye Marleen , Van Meir Vincent , Balthazart Jacques , Van der Linden Annemie 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThe song control system (SCS) of songbirds displays a remarkable plasticity in species where song output changes seasonally. The mechanisms underlying this plasticity are barely understood and research has primarily been focused on the song nuclei themselves, largely neglecting their interconnections and connections with other brain regions. We investigated seasonal changes in the entire brain, including the song nuclei and their connections, of nine male starlings (Sturnus vulgaris). At two times of the year, during the breeding (April) and nonbreeding (July) seasons, we measured in the same subjects cellular attributes of brain regions using in vivo high‐resolution diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) at 7 T. An increased fractional anisotropy in the HVC–RA pathway that correlates with an increase in axonal density (and myelination) was found during the breeding season, confirming multiple previous histological reports. Other parts of the SCS, namely the occipitomesencephalic axonal pathway, which contains fiber tracts important for song production, showed increased fractional anisotropy due to myelination during the breeding season and the connection between HVC and Area X showed an increase in axonal connectivity. Beyond the SCS we discerned fractional anisotropy changes that correlate with myelination changes in the optic chiasm and axonal organization changes in an interhemispheric connection, the posterior commissure. These results demonstrate an unexpectedly broad plasticity in the connectivity of the avian brain that might be involved in preparing subjects for the competitive and demanding behavioral tasks that are associated with successful reproduction.
HORMONE DEPENDENCY OF PROSTATIC CANCER STUDIED BY CELL‐CULTURE TECHNIQUE1
Authors: Roehl Lars 
Published: November 2008

SUMMARYMethods and preliminary results of tissue culture studies on prostatic cancer are reported.The application of the method to two cases of prostatic cancer is demonstrated.The possibilities of approaching some problems of clinical interest concerning the management of prostatic cancer are mentioned and shortly discussed. Emphasis is laid on the importance of regarding prostatic cancers in the light of the “progression” theory of tuniour development.
ADENOMA OF THE KIDNEY
Authors: Shimshony Z. , Merismsky E. , Suprun H. 
Published: November 2008

SUMMARYA case of papillary adenoma of the kidney is presented, which was diagnosed pre‐operatibvely by intravenous pyelography and by percutaneous needle biopsy. The surgical problems arising with it are discussed, as well as the behaviour of the tumour.
A HYPERNEPHROMA ASSOCIATED WITH ELEVATED LEVELS OF BLADDER CARCINOGENS IN THE URINE: CASE REPORT1
Authors: Kerr W. K. , Barkin M. , Todd I. A. D. , Menczyk Z. 
Published: November 2008

SUMMARYA case of interest from two points has been presented. First, it represents the smallest hypernephroma encountered at nephrectomy for cancer in the Toronto General Hospital. Secondly, it is the first hypernephroma which, to our knowledge, has been associated with an elevation of carcinogenic metabolites of tryptophan previously thought to be exclusive with tumours of transitinal‐cell epithelium.
Some Observations and Theories on the Wide Ureter and Hydronephrosis
Authors: WHITAKER ROBERT H. 
Published: November 2008

SummaryA simple but effective classification of the wide ureter is proposed. It separates ureters into two major groups of refluxing and non‐refluxing, but emphasises that not all non‐refluxing ureters are obstructed.An analysis is made of normal and abnormal ureteric peristalsis and the part it plays in conducting a bolus through the pelviureteric and ureterovesical junctions. A theory is advanced to explain the poor emptying of the wide ureter and the abnormal pelviureteric junction. It is based on the inability of the circular and longitudinal muscles to form a bolus and it explains how the unopposed and inadvertent contraction of the circular muscle grips the orifice in each situation to aggravate the poor emptying.
Radiation Enteritis following Radiotherapy for Prostatic Carcinoma
Authors: JR. FRANCIS J. DUGGAN , SANFORD EDGAR J. , JR. THOMAS J. ROHNER 
Published: November 2008

SummaryTwo cases of radiation enteritis and small bowel obstruction are reported following supervoltage radiation therapy for carcinoma of the prostate.The mechanisms of radiation injury to the small bowel and contributing factors are discussed.It is suggested that lymph node staging procedures for carcinoma of the prostate be done extraperitoneally in order to avoid the enhanced sensitivity of small bowel to radiation injury following transperitoneal procedures.
Pathogenesis of Ureteric Reflux in Vesical Calculus Disease of Childhood: a Clinical Study
Authors: TANEJA O. P. 
Published: November 2008

SummaryA clinical, radiographic and endoscopic study of 34 children suffering from vesical calculus disease and manifesting ureteric reflux has been presented.The oedema and inflammatory changes from the vesical calculus and infection were responsible for the reflux in the majority of these children. The reflux was eradicated by simple removal of the stone.The importance of detailed urological investigation of all the children presenting with lower urinary tract calculi has been emphasised.
Urinary Gamma‐glutamyl Transpeptidase, an Indicator of Renal Ischaemic Injury and Homograft Rejection
Authors: WARD J. P. 
Published: November 2008

SummaryGammaglutamyl transpeptidase is an enzyme primarily located in the brush border of the proximal convoluted tubules of the kidney. Its unique localisation in the renal cells most easily damaged by ischaemia and its ease of assay provides the rationale for its use in the measurement of renal ischaemic injury.Using a standard experimental animal model, canine urinary γ‐GT activity was shown to be increased up to 70‐fold following 90 min of unilateral renal ischaemia and was significantly raised following only 5 min ischaemia. The urinary γ‐GT was used as a measure of ischaemic injury associated with renal transplantation in man and 20 consecutive patients undergoing kidney transplant were studied by daily 24‐hour urinary γ‐GT estimations and excellent correlation was obtained between raised enzyme activity and the clinical diagnosis of transplant rejection.
The Painful Prostate
Authors: SMART C. J. , JENKINS J. D. , LLOYD R. S. 
Published: November 2008

SummaryA clinical diagnosis of chronic prostatitis was made on 105 adult males who were subsequently admitted and investigated by Stamey localisation techniques, psychological questionnaires, urine flow studies, cystourethroscopy and prostatic biopsy or transurethral prostatectomy.From the Stamey localisation studies and cultures of the tissue obtained at transurethral prostatectomy a diagnosis of bacterial prostatitis was made in 50%, of which half were Staphylococcus albus and half were well recognised urinary pathogens.Other significant pathology was found in 25% and, particularly of note, were 2 patients who presented with chronic cystitis (biopsy negative) and subsequently developed carcinoma of the bladder. Also in this group were 5 unsuspected strictures and 5 patients with poor flow rates but normal endoscopy.Investigations in the remaining 25 % were all negative except for a significantly higher incidence of neuroticism when compared with the other groups and controls.Follow‐up over 18 months to 3 years shows that treatment results in improvement in 75%. Half of the patients with pathogenic bacterial prostatitis were asymptomatic compared with only a quarter of the group with negative findings. Transurethral prostatectomy is of particular value in patients with chronic bacterial prostatitis and evidence of outflow obstruction. Preoperative psychological screening is helpful in selecting patients suitable for surgery.
Short‐term Cadaver Kidney Preservation
Authors: BEWICK M. , MCCOLL I. , ELLIS F. G. , FARRAND C. I. , BURNETT V. 
Published: November 2008

Summary200 consecutive human cadaver kidneys were preserved using 6 different techniques.Some attempt was made in the clinical situation to assess donor pre‐treatment and postoperative specific recipient treatment to encourage immediate renal function.Provided the warm time was less than 60 min and the cold time less than 12 hours, intra arterial flushing with a crystalloid or colloid solution combined with pre‐treatment of the donor and postoperative fluid load/frusemide drive to the recipient gave the best results.
Urinary Tract Infection and Wound Infection in Kidney Transplant Patients
Authors: WALTER STEEN , PEDERSEN FRITZ B. , VEJLSGAARD RENE 
Published: November 2008

SummaryThe frequency of urinary tract and wound infections was studied in 53 patients most of whom had received kidneys from donors without heart action.Urinary infection was demonstrated soon after the transplantation in 46 out of 47 with functioning kidneys. Recurrent infections took place during the first 3 months and still half of the patients were infected or under treatment 6 months after the operation. The urinary infection seems mainly to arise via indwelling catheters.Wound infections were demonstrated in 18 out of the 53 patients and in addition abscess formation took place in 9 of these. In the majority of the infected wounds previous infected drains were demonstrated. In all, 36 of the patients had infected drains, the use of which therefore is to be avoided.
Trans‐uretero‐ureterostomy: British Experience*
Authors: SMITH IRVINE B. , SMITH JOE C. 
Published: November 2008

Summary158 replies to a questionnaire suggest that many British surgeons remain wary of using trans‐uretero‐ureterostomy, fearing to risk the opposite ureter and kidney or preferring to use a Boari flap or other operation.141 (27 personal and 114 reported) cases are surveyed.56 simple Y‐anastomoses performed by 27 surgeons gave very good results, with only 4 exceptions due to wrong indications or techniques. Complications were rare. No damage to any opposite ureter or kidney by the procedure was reported.10 operations enabling a solitary kidney to drain via the opposite spare ureter were all successful. We recommend that during nephrectomy any spare healthy ureter should be preserved so that, if necessary, it can be used to drain the opposite kidney.
Composition of Bladder Stones in Rwanda
Authors: POPELIER G. , VAN DEN EECKHOUT E. , DEKEYSER W. 
Published: November 2008

SummaryA small area of endemic bladder stone formation occurs in Rwanda, Central Africa.The X‐ray diffraction of 13 of these stones revealed that they were mainly composed of calcium oxalate monohydrate. By X‐ray fluorescence the presence of considerable amounts of rubidium was demonstrated which was measured by atomic absorption spectrometry. The concentration of rubidium was about 2.5 times greater than that of zinc.The hypothesis that rubidium is an important lithogenic element is formulated. I t might explain this endemic bladder stone formation which is exceptional for Central Africa.
The Urethral Pressure Profile recorded by means of CO2‐perfusion at High Flow Rates
Authors: TSCHOLL R. , TETTAMANTI F. , WÖRSDÖRFER O. 
Published: November 2008

SummaryThe urethral pressure profile (UPP) is recorded by CO2‐perfusion of the urethra at a rate of 120 ml/min. The curves are reproducible. Their features are practically identical with the shape of profiles written by liquid perfusion. The curves are absolutely calibrated.High flow perfusion and calibration make it possible to compare CO2‐curves with each other and even with graphs executed by other methods.
Reversible Neuromyopathy in Hypernephroma
Authors: Fraser D. M. , Franks A. J. , Campbell I. W. 
Published: November 2008

SummaryNeurological features, which are recognised complications of many types of neoplasm, are rare in renal carcinoma. We report a case of hypernephroma presenting as a neuromyopathy which was reversed by removal of the tumour.
The Urethral Closure Pressure Profile: A new technique using gas and simultaneous EMG‐recording from the urethra
Authors: ANDERSEN JENS T. , BRADLEY WILLIAM E. 
Published: November 2008

SummaryA new technique for recording of the urethral closure pressure profile using gas‐inflation and simultaneous EMG‐recording from the urethra is described.With the present technique, the parameters of the urethral closure pressure profile in healthy volunteers were in accordance with previous reports using water‐infusion.The effect of α‐adrenergic blockade on the pressure profile was studied in a series of patients. Half of the patients showed a marked reduction of the intraurethral pressure in the presphincteric part of the profile after α‐adrenergic blockade. This indicated that sympathetic innervated smooth musculature gives a significant contribution to the total intraurethral pressure.
Serum Antibody in Patients with Prostatic Cancer1
Authors: ABLIN RICHARD J. 
Published: November 2008

Summary130 serum specimens were evaluated. None of 24 serum specimens from patients with prostatic cancer yielded precipitation or haemagglutination reactions with extracts of normal human prostatic tissue or with preparations of prostatic fluid. In 1 of 5 patients from whom autologous prostatic tissue was available, precipitation was observed. By indirect immunofluorescence 13 (54%) patients with prostatic cancer possessed antibodies reactive with the cytoplasmic membrane (intercellular area?) of primate prostatic secretory epithelium. Membranous autoantibodies were observed in 2 patients from whom autologous tissue was available as substrate. Antibodies to nuclei were observed but these have been considered in view of their ubiquitous nature, as perhaps being representative of non‐specific indicators of other immunologic aberrations. In contrast, only 11 (10%) of 106 patients with other than prostatic cancer possessed membranous antibodies: of these, 11 (73%) possessed a genito‐urinary disorder (5 benign prostatic hypertrophy, considered by some as predisposing to prostatic cancer and 3 carcinoma of the bladder). While not possessing sufficient specificity for diagnosis, the high incidence of this antibody, 92% positive in patients with advanced disease (Stage III), suggests it may be useful as a prognostic index of patients with metastatic disease.Grateful acknowledgement is made to Joanne Danaher, Mary Guffner, Christine Kostrzewski and Linda Pfeiffer for their technical assistance; to Doctors Maurice J. Gonder and Ward A. Soanes, Millard Fillmore Hospital (Buffalo, NY) and the physicians of Memorial Hospital (Springfield, II.) for their assistance and cooperation in providing tissue and serum specimens and to Dr Abraham S. Markowitz for helpful discussion and counsel.
Urodynamic Studies in the District General Hospital
Authors: Crisp J. C. , Green N. A. , Ashken M. H. 
Published: November 2008

SummaryThe information given by urodynamic investigations has been of practical value in clinical practice and we feel that the time and money spent has been worthwhile.The results are particularly useful in patients with neuropathic bladders, women with stress incontinence in whom detrusor instability is also suspected, young men with “obstructive” symptoms and in men with post‐prostatectomy problems.Its value in the large group of women with frequency, urgency and nocturia is debatable given our present lack of satisfactory treatment for these patients.Generous grants from the East Anglian Regional Hospital Authority and the Norfolk and Norwich Institute for Medical Education enabled the Department of Urology to purchase the equipment. We should also like to thank Mr G. Carvell of the Physics Department, Norfolk and Norwich Hospital for his invaluable help in commissioning the equipment and to Ms S. Green, Ms J. Birch and Miss F. Holdgate for their secretarial work.
Prednimustine Therapy for Advanced Prostatic Cancer
Authors: CATANE R. , KAUMAN J. H. , MADAJEWICZ S. , MITTELMAN A. , MURPHY G. P. 
Published: November 2008

Summary— 23 patients with advanced, hormonal‐resistant, prostatic cancer were treated with daily oral prednimustine — a combination of prednisolone and chlorambucil. 8 patients (35%) subjectively responded with disappearance of skeletal pain and improvement in appetite, weight and sense of well being. 3 patients had objective evidence of tumour regression. Clinical toxicity was moderate, and only occasional myelosuppression was encountered.The ease of administration and predictable toxicity of prednimustine make it a potentially useful agent, alone or in combination, for advanced prostatic cancer.
An Unusual Case of Persistent Renal Collar in a Human Adult Male
Authors: KRAMER BEVERLEY 
Published: November 2008

Summary— There are relatively few reports in the literature on accessory renal veins, and particularly that anomaly described as a persistent renal collar.The present paper describes a case in which a left renal vein is encountered in a human adult, both anterior and posterior to the abdominal aorta, though without a persistent left inferior vena cava.
Delayed Rupture of the Bladder
Authors: TURNBULL A. R. , SMART C. J. , JENKINS J. D. 
Published: November 2008

Summary— Two cases of delayed rupture of the bladder are presented in which infected urine became extravasated and led to abscess formation with subsequent urinary fistulation.The management of each case is described and the possible cause discussed.A suitable radiological investigation of bladder injuries is outlined.
Has Bromocriptine a Place in the Treatment of the Unstable Bladder?
Authors: DELAERE K. P. J. , DEBRUYNE F. M. J. , MOONEN W. A. 
Published: November 2008

Summary— A clinical study of bromocriptine in the treatment of 18 patients with an unstable bladder is reported. All patients had previously received drug therapy and/or vesical distension, without success.Ten of the 18 patients had side‐effects, and 2 of these did not complete the study.Only 2 patients noted moderate improvement in their urinary symptoms.Bromocriptine appears to be of little value in the treatment of the unstable bladder.
The Value of Provocative and Acute Urography in Patients with Intermittent Loin Pain
Authors: DAVIES P. , WOODS K. A. , EVANS C. M. , GRAY W. M. , KULATILAKE A. E. 
Published: November 2008

Summary— Twenty‐two patients with intermittent loin pain thought to be typical of primary pelvic hydronephrosis but with normal appearances at standard excretion urography were subjected to diuretic urography using Frusemide‐induced diuresis.If this was normal, acute urography was performed when the patient had pain. Abnormal appearances were shown in only 15 patients. In 4, only the erect films revealed the hydronephrosis. Dilatation occurred in response to a diuretic load in 9 and the abnormality was shown at the time of an attack of pain in 4. The hydronephrosis was shown only during the attack of pain in 2, a diuretic urogram having been normal. In 2 patients the nephrographic signs of acute obstruction were shown to be due to occlusion of the pelvi‐ureteric junction at the time of an attanck of pain. The importance of sequential examination, the value of erect films and acute urography are stressed.
Technique and Results of the Colonic Conduit, Continent by Means of a New Magnetic Stoma Seal An Experimental Study
Authors: WILHELM E. , SIGEL A. , HAGER Th. , HENNIG G. 
Published: November 2008

Summary— On the basis of satisfactory results with a new magnetic stoma seal in colostomy patients this seal, consisting of a magnetic ring and cap, was used in an experimental study to convert the colonic conduit into a continent reservoir.Complete continence was obtained in all of the 12 animals which survived the operation. All rings were well accepted by the tissue when the procedure was staged by implanting the ring transperitoneally several weeks prior to fashioning of the conduit.Residual urine was low, owing to an ideal energy‐balance pattern. Coloureteric reflux was successfully prevented in all cases where a long‐tunnel‐modification of the Leadbetter‐Clarke technique was used. Hyperchloraemic acidosis and deterioration in renal function were not observed. All conduits were infected.
Carcinoma of the Penis
Authors: KHEZRI A. A. , DUNN M. , SMITH P. J. B. , MITCHELL J. P. 
Published: November 2008

Summary— Sixty‐three patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the penis have been reviewed. The 3 year survival was 77%, and the 5 year survival was 59%.Prognosis was related to both clinical staging and histological grading. Stage I and II carcinomas were best treated by surgery alone. Stage III and IV carcinomas were best treated by local amputation of the penis combined with radiotherapy to the inguinal nodes.Surgery as a primary treatment for clinically positive nodes was successful in less than half the cases treated, and in this series was always followed by wound infection and lymphoedema.Tender, enlarged inguinal lymph nodes should be observed for up to 3 months following primary treatment, as a large percentage of these nodes are inflammatory and subside spontaneously.
The Incidence and Consequences of Damage to the Parasympathetic Nerve Supply to the Bladder after Abdominoperineal Resection of the Rectum for Carcinoma
Authors: FOWLER J. W. , BREMNER D. N. , MOFFAT L. E. F. 
Published: November 2008

Summary— Fifty‐one patients undergoing abdominoperineal resection of the rectum for carcinoma were studied with regard to bladder function after surgery.Fifty‐nine per cent had motor denervation of the bladder due to tumour or operative damage to the pelvic parasympathetic nerves and this produced symptoms of incomplete bladder emptying requiring treatment in 90% of this group.The factors affecting the incidence of nerve damage were discussed.The long‐term effect of parasympathetic nerve damage was investigated and the management is discussed.
Chyluria—a 10‐year Follow‐up
Authors: YU HENRY H. Y. , NGAN HENRY , LEONG C.H. 
Published: November 2008

Summary— One hundred and sixty‐one cases of chyluria have been studied. The possible aetiological factors, the approach to investigation and the methods and results of treatment have been discussed.In this series, the diagnosis was established by the presence of chyle in the urine.Lymphography was carried out in 90 patients for the localisation of the site of lymphatic reflux while cystoscopic examination after fatty meal was useful in determining the side with the heavier leakage.One hundered and ninteen cases responded to conservtive tretment and only 42 cases required operative treatment.Stripping of the renal pedicle via the retroperitoneal route gave the best result.
Serum Alphafetoprotein (AFP) in Bilharziasis
Authors: ALSABTI ELIAS A. K. 
Published: November 2008

Summary— Two hundred and eighty‐four patients of various ages from an endemic area, diagnosed as having bilharziasis by the presence of living Schistosoma haematobium's ova in the mid‐stream urine sample, have been investigated for the presence of alphafetoprotein (AFP) in the serum.One hundred and forty‐one (49.6%), were positive; no false positives have occured.Radioimmunoassay is capable of increasing the positivity rate still further.The detection of AFP will be of limited value as screening test in countries where bilharziasis is endemic.
Recanalisation of Vas after Vasectomy. Evaluation of Various Techniques in Dogs
Authors: TANEJA O. P. , TAGORE N. K. , TAGORE V. , GULATI S. M. 
Published: November 2008

Summary— A critical study of various techniques for end‐to‐end vaso‐vasostomies without or with internal splints on 41 dogs is presented. The results of vaso‐vasostomy without any internal splint were significantly better than those with splints, both for primary as well as secondary repair after 6 weeks.The presence of an internal splint was associated with a high incidence of severe infection in the vas, epididymis and testis. An end‐to‐end mucosa‐to‐mucosa anastomosis using either 6/0 silk or Prolene under magnification is recommended as a simple and successful method of recanalisation of the vas in clinical practice.