bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of diet on pharmacokinetics of phenobarbital in healthy dogs
Authors: Maguire Peter J. , Fettman Martin J. , Smith Mary O. , Greco Deborah S. , Turner A. Simon , Walton Judy A. , Ogilvie Gregory K. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine effects of various diets on the pharmacokinetics of phenobarbital and the interactive effects of changes in body composition and metabolic rate.Design—Prospective study.Animals—27 healthy sexually intact adult female Beagles.Procedure—Pharmacokinetic studies of phenobarbital were performed before and 2 months after dogs were fed 1 of 3 diets (group 1, maintenance diet; group 2, protein-restricted diet; group 3, fat- and protein-restricted diet) and treated with phenobarbital (approx 3 mg/kg [1.4 mg/lb] of body weight, PO, q 12 h). Pharmacokinetic studies involved administering phenobarbital (15 mg/kg [6.8 mg/lb], IV) and collecting blood samples at specific intervals for 240 hours. Effects of diet and time were determined by repeated-measures ANOVA.Results—Volume of distribution, mean residence time, and half-life (t1/2) of phenobarbital significantly decreased, whereas clearance rate and elimination rate significantly increased with time in all groups. Dietary protein or fat restriction induced significantly greater changes: t1/2(hours) was lower in groups 2 (mean ± SD; 25.9 ± 6.10 hours) and 3 (24.0 ± 4.70) than in group 1 (32.9 ± 5.20). Phenobarbital clearance rate (ml/kg/min) was significantly higher in group 3 (0.22 ± 0.05 ml/kg/min) than in groups 1 (0.17 ± 0.03) or 2 (0.18 ± 0.03). Induction of serum alkaline phosphatase activity (U/L) was greater in groups 2 (192.4 ± 47.5 U/L) and 3 (202.0 ± 98.2) than in group 1 (125.0 ± 47.5).Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Clinically important differences between diet groups were observed regarding pharmacokinetics of phenobarbital, changes in CBC and serum biochemical variables, and body composition. Drug dosage must be reevaluated if a dog's diet, body weight, or body composition changes during treatment. Changes in blood variables that may indicate liver toxicosis caused by phenobarbital may be amplified by diet-drug interactions. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2000;217:847–852)
Evaluation of dietary and environmental risk factors for hyperthyroidism in cats
Authors: Martin Krista M. , Rossing Mary Anne , Ryland Lennox M. , DiGiacomo Ronald F. , Freitag William A. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To identify dietary and environmental risk factors for hyperthyroidism in cats.Design—Case-control study.Animals—100 cats with hyperthyroidism and 163 control cats.Procedure—Medical records were examined, and owners completed a mailed questionnaire. Data collected included information regarding demographic variables, environmental exposures, and diet, including preferred flavors of canned cat food.Results—Case cats were significantly less likely to have been born recently than control cats. Housing; exposure to fertilizers, herbicides, or plant pesticides; regular use of flea products; and presence of a smoker in the home were not significantly associated with an increased risk of disease, but cats that preferred fish or liver and giblets flavors of canned cat food had an increased risk.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that cats that prefer to eat certain flavors of canned cat food may have a significantly increased risk of hyperthyroidism. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2000; 217:853–856)
Evidence of point-source exposure to Neospora caninum and protective immunity in a herd of beef cows
Authors: McAllister Milton M. , Björkman Camilla , Anderson-Sprecher Richard , Rogers Douglas G. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine whether cows with evidence of previous infection withNeospora caninumwere less likely to abort or give birth prematurely during an outbreak of neosporosis, compared with herdmates with evidence of primary infection.Design—Cohort study.Animals—208 pregnant beef cows.Procedure—Aborted fetuses and calves born prematurely were examined during an outbreak of neosporosis in a herd of beef cows. Sera were collected from all cows during the outbreak and again 71 days later. Cows were classified into groups on the basis of normal and abnormal reproductive outcomes. Sera were examined, using an avidity ELISA procedure forN caninum, and results were compared between groups and among time points.Results—Antibody concentrations decreased significantly and IgG avidity values increased significantly over time. During the outbreak, cows with normal reproductive outcomes were significantly more likely to have high IgG avidity values than cows with abnormal reproductive outcomes.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The herd had numerous abortions and premature births with evidence of recent point-source exposure toN caninum. Therefore, to reduce risk of transmission ofN caninumto cattle, attempts should be made to prevent canine feces from contaminating feed, especially feedstuffs used to prepare mixed rations for cattle. Cows with evidence of previous exposure toN caninumwere less likely to abort or give birth prematurely during the outbreak than cows with primary infections withN caninum; this finding suggests development of protective immunity in previously infected cows. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2000;217:881–887)
Causes of urine marking in cats and effects of environmental management on frequency of marking
Authors: Pryor Patricia A. , Hart Benjamin L. , Bain Melissa J. , Cliff Kelly D. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To evaluate effects of environmental management alone on marking frequency in cats with urine marking and to obtain demographic data on cats with urine marking and data on owner-perceived factors that contributed to urine marking behavior.Design—Single-intervention study.Animals—40 neutered male and 7 spayed female cats.Procedure—During a 2-week baseline phase, owners maintained a daily record of the number of urine marks. This phase was followed by a 2-week environmental management phase during which owners cleaned recently deposited urine marks daily, scooped waste from the litter box daily, and changed the litter and cleaned the litter box weekly while continuing to record urine marks.Results—Male cats and cats from multicat households were significantly overrepresented, compared with the general pet cat population in California. The most commonly mentioned causative factors for urine marking were agonistic interactions with other cats outside or inside the home. Environmental management procedures resulted in an overall reduction in urine marking frequency. Among cats that marked ≥ 6 times during the baseline phase, females were significantly more likely to respond to treatment (≥ 50% reduction in marking frequency) than were males.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that male cats and cats from multicat households are more likely to exhibit urine marking behavior than females and cats from single-cat households. Results also suggest that attention to environmental and litter box hygiene can reduce marking frequency in cats, regardless of sex or household status of the cats, and may come close to resolving the marking problem in some cats. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2001;219:1709–1713)
Capnographic monitoring of anesthetized African grey parrots receiving intermittent positive pressure ventilation
Authors: Edling Thomas M. , Degernes Laurel A. , Flammer Keven , Horne William A. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine whether end-tidal partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PETCO2) correlated with PaCO2in isoflurane-anesthetized African grey parrots receiving intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV).Design—Prospective study.Animals—14 healthy mature African grey parrots (Psittacus erithacus timnus).Procedure—Each bird was anesthetized via mask with isoflurane, intubated, and connected to a pressure-limited intermittent-flow ventilator. Respiratory rate was altered while holding peak inspiratory pressure constant (5 cm H2O) to achieve a PETCO2in 1 of 3 ranges: < 30 mm Hg, 30 to 40 mm Hg, and > 40 mm Hg. Blood was collected from the superficial ulnar artery of each bird at least once during each of the 3 ranges. Arterial blood samples were collected for blood gas analysis while PETCO2was recorded simultaneously.Results—A strong correlation between PETCO2and PaCO2was detected over a wide range of partial pressures, although PETCO2consistently overestimated PaCO2by approximately 5 mm Hg. End-tidal partial pressure of CO2and PaCO2also correlated well with arterial blood pH, and the acute response of the bicarbonate buffer system to changes in ventilation was similar to that of mammals.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results indicated that PETCO2reliably estimates PaCO2in isofluraneanesthetized African grey parrots receiving IPPV and suggest that IPPV combined with capnography is a viable option for anesthetic maintenance in avian anesthesia. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2001;219:1714–1718)
Evaluation of risk factors for degenerative joint disease associated with hip dysplasia in German Shepherd Dogs, Golden Retrievers, Labrador Retrievers, and Rottweilers
Authors: Smith Gail K. , Mayhew Philipp D. , Kapatkin Amy S. , McKelvie Pamela J. , Shofer Frances S. , Gregor Thomas P. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine whether age, breed, sex, weight, or distraction index (DI) was associated with the risk that dogs of 4 common breeds (German Shepherd Dog, Golden Retriever, Labrador Retriever, Rottweiler) would have radiographic evidence of degenerative joint disease (DJD) associated with hip dysplasia.Design—Cross-sectional prevalence study.Animals—15,742 dogs.Procedure—Hips of dogs were evaluated radiographically by use of the ventrodorsal hip-extended view, the compression view, and the distraction view. The ventrodorsal hip-extended view was examined to determine whether dogs had DJD. For each breed, a multiple logistic regression model incorporating age, sex, weight, and DI was created. For each breed, disease-susceptibility curves were produced, using all dogs, regardless of age, and dogs grouped on the basis of age.Results—Weight and DI were significant risk factors for DJD in all breeds. For German Shepherd Dogs, the risk of having DJD was 4.95 times the risk for dogs of the other 3 breeds combined. In all breeds, the probability of having DJD increased with age.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results indicated that the probability of having hip DJD increased with hip joint laxity as measured by use of DI. This association was breed-specific, indicating that breedspecific information on disease susceptibility should be incorporated when making breeding decisions and when deciding on possible surgical treatment of hip dysplasia. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2001;219:1719–1724)
Health and performance of young dairy calves vaccinated with a modified-live Mannheimia haemolytica and Pasteurella multocida vaccine
Authors: Aubry Pascale , Warnick Lorin D. , Guard Chuck L. , Hill Bruce W. , Witt Michael F. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To evaluate the health and performance of young dairy calves vaccinated with a commercialMannheimia haemolyticaandPasteurella multocidavaccine.Design—Randomized clinical trial.Animals—358 Holstein dairy calves between 14 and 20 days of age on 8 farms.Procedure—Calves were randomly assigned to a control or vaccinated group. The vaccine used was a commercial modified-liveM haemolyticaandP multocidavaccine that was administered on days 0 and 14. Calf weight was measured on day 0 and monthly for 3 months. Farmers were asked to record any treatment given to the calves and the reason for treatment during the 4 months of the study. Blood was collected from all calves on days 0 and 28, and titers of antibodies toM haemolyticaweredetermined by means of direct bacterial agglutination.Results—Mean daily gain was not significantly different between vaccinated and control calves. Vaccinated calves had a significantly greater increase in antibody titers (5.3-fold increase), compared with control calves (3.6-fold increase). There was no significant difference between vaccinated and control calves for any of the treatment outcomes (number and duration of treatments and age at first and last treatments).Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that theM haemolyticaandP multocidavaccine, given twice 2 weeks apart, was effective in increasing titers of antibodies againstM haemolyticain young dairy calves but did not improve calf performance or health. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2001;219:1739–1742)
Herbicide exposure and the risk of transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder in Scottish Terriers
Authors: Glickman Lawrence T. , Raghavan Malathi , Knapp Deborah W. , Bonney Patty L. , Dawson Marcia H. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To determine whether exposure to lawn
or garden chemicals was associated with an increased
risk of transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the urinary
bladder in Scottish Terriers.

Design—Case-control study.

Animals—83 Scottish Terriers with TCC (cases) and
83 Scottish Terriers with other health-related conditions
(controls).

Procedure—Owners of study dogs completed a written
questionnaire pertaining to exposure to lawn or
garden chemicals during the year prior to diagnosis of
TCC for case dogs and during a comparable period for
control dogs.

Results—The risk of TCC was significantly increased
among dogs exposed to lawns or gardens treated
with both herbicides and insecticides (odds ratio [OR],
7.19) or with herbicides alone (OR, 3.62), but not
among dogs exposed to lawns or gardens treated
with insecticides alone (OR, 1.62), compared with
dogs exposed to untreated lawns. Exposure to lawns
or gardens treated with phenoxy herbicides (OR,
4.42) was associated with an increased risk of TCC,
compared with exposure to untreated lawns or gardens,
but exposure to lawns or gardens treated with
nonphenoxy herbicides (OR, 3.49) was not significantly
associated with risk of TCC.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest
that exposure to lawns or gardens treated with
herbicides was associated with an increased risk of
TCC in Scottish Terriers. Until additional studies are
performed to prove or disprove a cause-and-effect
relationship, owners of Scottish Terriers should minimize
their dogs' access to lawns or gardens treated
with phenoxy herbicides. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 2004;
24:1290–1297)
Outcome and complications associated with treatment of pemphigus foliaceus in dogs: 43 cases (1994–2000)
Authors: Gomez Sheila M. , Morris Daniel O. , Rosenbaum Michele R. , Goldschmidt Michael H. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To identify factors affecting prognosis, outcome, and complications associated with pemphigus foliaceus in dogs.Design—Retrospective study.Animals—43 dogs with pemphigus foliaceus.Procedure—Medical records were reviewed for signalment, age at diagnosis, duration to diagnosis, body area affected, initial immunosuppressive regimens and concurrent use of antimicrobials and sucralfate or histamine receptor 2 blocking agent, adverse effects of treatment, duration of treatment, number of visits for follow-up care, cause of death, and credentials of the veterinarians responsible for continued care.Results—The case fatality rate was 60.5%. Factors significantly correlated with survival time included concurrent use of antimicrobials during initiation of immunosuppressive treatment and a lower number of adverse effects to treatment. Treatment times lasting more than 10 months from diagnosis correlated significantly with survival.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Treatment with or prophylactic use of antimicrobials may be warranted during initial immunosuppressive treatment. The inverse correlation between survival time and number of adverse treatment effects was not unexpected because it was reflective of the owners' decision to euthanatize their dogs and of corticosteroid-related secondary diseases. Survival beyond the tenth month of treatment predicted long-term survival, which suggests that dogs require careful management during the early months of treatment. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2004;224:1312–1316)
Effects of racing and nontraining on plasma thyroid hormone concentrations in sled dogs
Authors: Lee Justine A. , Hinchcliff Kenneth W. , Piercy Richard J. , Schmidt Karin E. , Nelson Stuart 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine the effects of racing and nontraining on plasma thyroxine (T4), free thyroxine (fT4), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and thyroglobulin autoantibody (TgAA) concentrations in sled dogs and compare results with reference ranges established for dogs of other breeds.Design—Cross-sectional study.Animals—122 sled dogs.Procedure—Plasma thyroid hormone concentrations were measured before dogs began and after they finished or were removed from the Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race in Alaska and approximately 3 months after the race.Results—Concentrations of T4and fT4before the race were less than the reference range for nonsled dogs in 26% and 18% of sled dogs, respectively. Immediately after racing, 92% of sled dogs had plasma T4concentrations less than the reference range. Three months after the race, 25% of sled dogs had plasma T4concentrations less than the reference range. For T4, fT4, TSH, and TgAA, significant differences were not detected in samples collected before the race versus 3 months later.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Plasma T4, fT4, and TSH concentrations decreased in dogs that complete a long distance sled dog race. Many clinically normal sled dogs have plasma T4and fT4values that are lower than the reference range for nonsled dogs. We suggest that the reference ranges for sled dogs are 5.3 to 40.3 nmol/L and 3.0 to 24.0 pmol/L for plasma T4and fT4concentrations, respectively, and 8.0 to 37.0 mU/L for TSH. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2004;224:226–231)
Case-control study of blood type, breed, sex, and bacteremia in dogs with immune-mediated hemolytic anemia
Authors: Miller Sybille A. , Hohenhaus Ann E. , Hale Anne S. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine whether blood type, breed, or sex were risk factors for immune-mediated hemolytic anemia (IMHA) in dogs and whether bacteremia was common in dogs with IMHA.Design—Case-control study.Animals—33 dogs with IMHA, 1,014 dogs without IMHA for which blood type (dog erythrocyte antigens 1.1, 1.2, 3, 4, 5, and 7) was known, 15,668 dogs without IMHA for which breed was known, and 15,589 dogs without IMHA for which sex was known.Procedure—Blood type, breed, and sex distribution of dogs with IMHA were compared with data for control dogs with Fisher exact tests and by calculating odds ratios (ORs). Results of bacterial culture of blood samples were documented for dogs with IMHA, when available.Results—Dog erythrocyte antigen 7 was associated with a significant protective effect (OR, 0.1) in Cocker Spaniels with IMHA (n = 10), compared with control dogs. Cocker Spaniels, Bichon Frise, Miniature Pinschers, Rough-coated Collies, and Finnish Spitz had a significantly increased risk of IMHA, as did female dogs (OR, 2.1). Blood samples from 12 dogs with IMHA were submitted for bacterial culture, and none had bacteremia.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that blood type, breed, and sex may play a role in IMHA in dogs. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2004;224:232–235)
Evaluation of surgical margins required for complete excision of cutaneous mast cell tumors in dogs
Authors: Simpson Amelia M. , Ludwig Lori L. , Newman Shelley J. , Bergman Philip J. , Hottinger Heidi A. , Patnaik Amiya K. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine whether neoplastic mast cells extended into tissue 1, 2, or 3 cm laterally or deeper than 1 fascial plane from the visible edge of cutaneous mast cell tumors (MCTs) in dogs.Design—Prospective study.Animals—21 client-owned dogs with ≥ 1 cutaneous MCT.Procedures—After preparation for surgery, each dog's skin was marked 1, 2, and 3 cm from the tumor edge at 0°, 90°, 180°, and 270°. At each 3-cm mark, deep fascia was exposed and sutured to the skin; the tumor was excised in routine fashion and fixed in formalin. Tumors were graded; margins were examined histologically for neoplastic mast cells.Results—23 cutaneous MCTs in 21 dogs were included in this study. Fifteen (65%) tumors were located on the trunk, 5 (22%) on the hind limbs, and 3 (13%) on the head and neck. There were 3 (13%) grade-I and 20 (87%) grade-II tumors. All grade-I tumors were completely excised at all margins. Seventy-five percent of the grade-II tumors were completely excised at the 1- cm margin, and 100% were completely excised at the 2-cm margin. Two grade-II MCTs located on the hind limbs of dogs were excised with a complete but close (within 1 mm) deep margin.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that a 2-cm lateral margin and a deep margin of 1 fascial plane appear to be adequate for complete excision of grade-I and -II MCTs in dogs. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2004;224:236–240)
An outbreak of virulent systemic feline calicivirus disease
Authors: Hurley Kate F. , Pesavento Patricia A. , Pedersen Niels C. , Poland Amy M. , Wilson Erin , Foley Janet E. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To describe clinical and epidemiologic
features of an outbreak of feline calicivirus (FCV) infection
caused by a unique strain of FCV and associated
with a high mortality rate and systemic signs of disease,
including edema of the face or limbs.

Design—Observational study.

Animals—54 cats naturally infected with a highly virulent
strain of FCV.

Procedure—Information was collected on outbreak
history, clinical signs, and characteristics of infected
and exposed cats.

Results—A novel strain of FCV (FCV-Kaos) was identified.
Transmission occurred readily via fomites. Signs
included edema and sores of the face and feet.
Mortality rate was 40%, and adults were more likely
than kittens to have severe disease (odds ratio, 9.56).
Eleven (20%) cats had only mild or no clinical signs.
Many affected cats had been vaccinated against FCV.
Viral shedding was documented at least 16 weeks
after clinical recovery.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Outbreaks of
highly virulent FCV disease are increasingly common.
Strains causing such outbreaks have been genetically
distinct from one another but caused similar disease
signs and were resistant to vaccination. All cats with
suspicious signs (including upper respiratory tract
infection) should be handled with strict hygienic precautions.
Sodium hypochlorite solution should be
used for disinfection following suspected contamination.
All exposed cats should be isolated until negative
viral status is confirmed. Chronic viral shedding is
possible but may not be clinically important. This and
similar outbreaks have been described as being
caused by hemorrhagic fever-like caliciviruses, but
hemorrhage is uncommonly reported. Virulent systemic
FCV infection is suggested as an alternative
description. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 2004:224:241–249)