bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trockene Vakuumpumpe – sichere und kostensparende Vakuumerzeugung
Authors: Mohrdieck E. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractEs wird eine neuartige „Trockenlaufende Vakuumpumpe”︁ vorgestellt: Diese isochor arbeitende Verdrängermaschine mit einem berührungslos schnellrotierenden Schraubenspindelpaar wird in vertikaler Bauweise betrieben. Diese Pumpe ist durch die elektronische Motorpaar‐Synchronisation der erste intelligente „Trockenläufer”︁. Mittels Drehzahl‐Variation sowie verschiedener Rotorparameter kann ein umfangreiches Saugvermögenskennfeld abgedeckt werden. Mit den Möglichkeiten des elektronisch geregelten Rotoreinzelantriebes erreicht die Pumpe durch Eigendiagnose und umfassende Selbstüberwachung ein Höchstmaß an Zuverlässigkeit, um den unerwarteten Betriebsausfall weitestgehend zu vermeiden. Die auftretenden Gas‐ und Oberflächentemperaturen können über innovative Kühlungsmechanismen innerhalb applikationsspezifischer Grenzwerte gehalten werden. Des weiteren wird durch eine anwendungsbezogene umfangreiche Werkstoffauswahl und den Wegfall der bekannten Verschleißteile eine bisher nicht gekannte Standzeit und Zuverlässigkeit erreichbar.
The Disappearing Anode Myth
Authors: Sellers Jeff C. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe goal of this paper was to simply demystify the disappearing anode problem. Three key concepts for anode control were presented. First, anode / cathode area ratio, second, magnetron ejection angle and, lastly, the concept of aspect ratio / acceptance angle were introduced. Examples of the application of these principles were demonstrated. Finally, tradeoffs associated with dual magnetron sputtering and DC pulsed deposition were discussed.
Vakuumwaagen – Teil 2: Mikrowaagen
Authors: Robens Erich , Gast Theodor , Jenemann Hans R. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractFür Sorptionsmessungen und thermogravimetrische Untersuchungen wurden Vakuum‐ Balkenwaagen mit einer Auflösung bis herab zum Nanogrammbereich entwickelt. In korrosiver Atmosphäre oder unter sehr reinen Bedingungen ist die magnetische Schwebewaage vorteilhafter. Der von der Waage getrennte Probenraum enthält nur die Probe auf der Waagschale in stabiler Position an einem Permanentmagneten hängend, der in einigem Abstand von einem geregelten Magneten schwebt. Die Federwaage bietet für solche Aufgaben eine billigere Alternative, falls geringere Anforderungen an die relative Empfindlichkeit gestellt werden. Schwingsysteme, insbesondere Quarzschwinger werden zur Überwachung von Aufdampfprozessen benutzt. Solche oszillierenden Sensoren benötigen kein Gravitationsfeld und sind deshalb in der Raumfahrt anwendbar.
Massenflußreglung in modernen Vakuumprozessen
Authors: Hofmann Peter 
Published: July 2007

AbstractViele moderne Vakuumprozesse benötigen eine Stoffzufuhr von flüssigen/festen Materialien mit niedrigsten Dampfdrücken. Thermische Massenflußregler (MFC) werden im allgemeinen eingesetzt, um geregelt Dämpfe und Gase in Prozesse einzuleiten. Jedoch beschränkt sich deren Einsatzgebiet auf Applikationen, in denen hohe Dampfdrücke oder Gasdrücke einen ausreichenden Stofftransport gewährleisten. Um dennoch definiert und reproduzierbar Materialien mit geringen Dampfdrücken in Vakuumprozesse zu befördern, kommen Techniken wie druckgestützte MFC's oder ein Transport über die flüssige Phase zum Einsatz. Eine detaillierte Diskussion dieser Technologien, mit entsprechenden Anwendungsbeispielen findet sich im Folgenden.
Inner division and uncertain contours: William James and the politics of the modern self
Authors: BORDOGNA FRANCESCA 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis article revisits the question of the social valence of William James's account of the self. As biographers have long noted, James worried much about the crisis of the autonomous, unitary and well-bounded self. This article suggests that, despite his anxieties, James perceived that those features of the self opened up new possibilities both for the individual and for society. By locating the Jamesian self in the context of period techniques for the cultivation of the self, religious and occult practices, and mystical-cum-political discourse, I argue that for James the crisis of the modern self represented a means both of rooting individuals firmly in the community and of endowing them with a form of agency stronger than those promised by traditional doctrines of the simple, self-directed and well-bounded self. Thus, I argue, James's conception of the self and the techniques of the self that he advocated were part and parcel of an attempt to rethink the relationship between individual and community and to promote a new type of society, one composed of spontaneous pluralistic, open and intimate communities.
Isoflavones from soya foods are more bioavailable in children than adults
Authors: Halm Brunhild M. , Ashburn Leslie A. , Franke Adrian A. 
Published: July 2007

The purpose of the present study was to determine whether children experience a higher systemic exposure to isoflavonoids when consuming a body weight-adjusted dose of soya compared with adults. Forty study participants were recruited from a local Waldorf school, including twenty-one children and nineteen adults. Participants collected a baseline urine sample and ate immediately thereafter a body weight-adjusted dose of soya nuts (15 g/54·4 kg equivalent to 0·615 (sd0·036) mg total isoflavones/kg) followed by a 12 h urine collection. Nineteen children and eighteen adults completed the protocol correctly (fourteen child–parent pairs). Children, compared with adults, showed a statistically significant (P < 0·05 by unpairedttest) higher urinary isoflavone excretion rate for daidzein (+39 %), genistein (+44 %), all non-metabolites (daidzein + genistein + glycitein; +41 %) and total isoflavonoids (+32 %). Isoflavones are more bioavailable in childrenv.adults. Urine is an excellent medium to determine systemic isoflavone exposure in children due to its non-invasiveness and high compliance, in particular when collected overnight; it also allows evaluation of completeness of specimen collection.
Sternotomy for substernal goitre: an otolaryngologist's perspective
Authors: Burns P , Doody J , Timon C 
Published: July 2007

AbstractIntroduction:Large substernal goitres present a challenge to the otolaryngologist due to their size and location. Predicting which patients will require sternotomy can enable planning of surgery in a specialist centre, with the assistance of a thoracic surgeon. Our aim for this study was to establish clinical and radiological predictors which would aid the otolaryngologist in the pre-operative planning of such cases.Methods:A retrospective medical record review was conducted for all patients undergoing thyroidectomy for substernal goitre who required sternotomy in our institution over a 10-year period.Results:During the study period, 140 patients with substernal goitres underwent thyroidectomy. Three patients (2 per cent) required sternotomy. These cases are described.Conclusions:Radiological evidence of extension of a substernal goitre to the aortic knuckle, or loss of tissue planes on computed tomography, should raise suspicion that the patient may require sternotomy for safe delivery of the gland. The otolaryngologist should plan surgery for these patients in a specialist centre, with the help of a thoracic surgeon.
A full digital, high definition video system (1080i) for laryngoscopy and stroboscopy
Authors: Tsunoda A , Hatanaka A , Tsunoda R , Kishimoto S , Tsunoda K 
Published: July 2007

AbstractObjective:This study aimed to estimate the effectiveness of a full digital, high definition video system for laryngeal observations.Methods:A newly available, full digital, high definition video camera and high definition video monitor were used. With an endoscopic adaptor and rigid telescope, laryngoscopy and stroboscopy were performed on patients with various kinds of laryngeal lesions.Results:All laryngeal lesions were observed and recorded by the full digital, high definition video camera without incident. The image quality for laryngoscopy and stroboscopy was far superior to that of a conventional video system, including video-endoscopy. Even tiny structures or lesions could clearly be visualised on the monitor. The still image obtained from the full digital, high definition video camera was 1920 × 1080 pixels and was comparable to that obtained from a still camera.Conclusions:Full digital, high definition video cameras are now commonplace products and can easily be applied to patients with laryngeal disorders. They provide superior laryngeal images, compared with conventional video systems. Furthermore, high definition video systems are cheaper than proprietary medical video systems. We consider our system to represent an accessible technique of gaining superior laryngeal observation in otolaryngological clinics.
Patterns of subjective memory impairment in the elderly: association with memory performance
Authors: JESSEN FRANK , WIESE BIRGITT , CVETANOVSKA GABRIELA , FUCHS ANGELA , KADUSZKIEWICZ HANNA , KÖLSCH HEIKE , LUCK TOBIAS , MÖSCH EDELGARD , PENTZEK MICHAEL , RIEDEL-HELLER STEFFI G. , WERLE JOCHEN , WEYERER SIEGFRIED , ZIMMERMANN THOMAS , MAIER WOLFGANG , BICKEL HORST 
Published: July 2007

AbstractBackgroundThe association of subjective memory impairment (SMI) with cognitive performance in healthy elderly subjects is poor because of confounds such as depression. However, SMI is also a predictor for future dementia. Thus, there is a need to identify subtypes of SMI that are particularly related to inferior memory performance and may represent at-risk stages for cognitive decline.MethodA total of 2389 unimpaired subjects were recruited from the German Study on Ageing, Cognition and Dementia in Primary Care Patients (AgeCoDe), as part of the German Competence Network on Dementia. Clusters of SMI according to patterns of response to SMI questions were identified. Gender, age, depressive symptoms, apolipoprotein E (apoE) genotype, delayed recall and verbal fluency were included in a Classification and Regression Tree (CART) analysis to identify discriminators between the clusters.ResultsWe identified three clusters. Cluster 1 contained subjects without memory complaints. Cluster 2 contained subjects with general memory complaints, but mainly without memory complaints on individual tasks of daily living. Cluster 3 contained subjects with general memory complaints and complaints on individual tasks of daily living. Depressive symptoms, as the first-level discriminator, distinguished between clusters 1 and 2versuscluster 3. In subjects with only a few depressive symptoms, delayed recall discriminated between cluster 1versusclusters 2 and 3.ConclusionsIn SMI subjects with only a minor number of depressive symptoms, memory complaints are associated with delayed recall. As delayed recall is a sensitive predictor for future cognitive decline, SMI may be the first manifestation of future dementia in elderly subjects without depression.
The safe-conduct for the Abbasid ‘Abd Allāh b. ‘Alī (d. 764)
Authors: Marsham A , Robinson C. F. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractIn his Ta’rīkh al-Mawṣil, al-Azdī (d. 945) records the safe-conduct (amān) said to have been written for the surrender of the Abbasid ‘Abd Allāh b. ‘Alī (d. 764) to his nephew, the caliph al-Manṣūr. This text has been overlooked in discussions of early Abbasid history and in studies of the work of Ibn al-Muqaffa‘ (d. c. 756), who is widely credited with its production. This article presents an annotated translation of the amān and considers its transmission, authenticity, attribution and significance. Parallels with epigraphic, documentary and literary sources suggest that it was indeed originally composed in the early Abbasid period and that it conforms to developing conventions for amāns. Thus, it is important evidence for political theory and practice in the mid-eighth-century caliphate. Furthermore, it probably substantially reflects the agreement between the caliph and his uncle and may indeed be the work of Ibn al-Muqaffa‘.
Looking back from somewhere: reflections on what remains ‘critical’ in critical theory
Authors: KRATOCHWIL FRIEDRICH 
Published: July 2007

ABSTRACTThis article revisits some of the theoretical debates within the field of IR since Ashley and Cox challenged the mainstream. But in so doing it attempts also to show that the proposed alternatives have their own blind spots that are subjected in the second part to discursive criticism. Neither Ashley’s celebration of the wisdom of old realists nor their ‘silence’ on economics, nor the notion of ‘internationalisation of the state’ and of the world order are adequate for understanding politics in the era of globalisation. Instead, a critical theory has to examine the political projects that were engendered by the Hobbesian conception of order and rationality. Highlighting the disconnect between our present political vocabularies and the actual political practices, I argue that a critical theory has not only to ‘criticise’ existing approaches but has to rethink and re-conceptualise praxis, which is ill served by the analytical tools which are imported to this field from ‘theory’.
Is critical theory always for the white West and for Western imperialism? Beyond Westphilian towards a post-racist critical IR
Authors: HOBSON JOHN M. 
Published: July 2007

ABSTRACTIn appraising critical IR theory after twenty-five years, this article begins by asking whether critical theory implicitly reinforces the ‘superiority’ of Western civilisation and naturalises Western imperialism. In revealing the Eurocentrism of much of critical IR theory the article proceeds to reconstruct it by steering it in fresh non-Eurocentric directions. This is not to say that extant critical theory is moribund since it undoubtedly has much to offer. But it is to say that until the problem of Eurocentrism is exorcised from its body theoretique, critical theory inadvertently lies in danger of joining the ranks of problem-solving theories. The first two sections deconstruct the leading schools of critical IR theory – Gramscianism, postmodernism and feminism – to reveal their frequent lapsing into Eurocentrism, while the final section seeks to decolonise ‘Westphilian’ critical IR by reconstructing a ‘post-racist IR’. And this in turn leads on to the conclusion, which sketches out a post-racist emancipatory political project that can help begin the urgent task of effecting global reconciliation between East and West.
Uniqueness of positive radial solutions of a semilinear Dirichlet problem in an annulus
Authors: Yadava S. L. 
Published: July 2007

We establish the uniqueness of positive radial solutions of −Δu = up − u in B(R1, R2), u = 0 on ∂B(R1, R2), where B(R1, R2) is an annulus and 0 < R1 < R2 ≤ ∞, in the following cases.(a) n ∈ {3, 4} and 1 < p ≤ n/(n − 2).(b) n ∈ {5, 6, 7, 8} and 1 < p ≤ p0(n) for some p0(n) < n/(n − 2).Earlier to this result, the uniqueness has been obtained by Coffman for n = 3 and 1 < p ≤ 3 and by Yadava for p ≥ (n + 2)/(n − 2) and n ≥ 3.
Global BV solutions and relaxation limit for a system of conservation laws
Authors: Amadori Debora , Guerra Graziano 
Published: July 2007

We consider the Cauchy problem for the (strictly hyperbolic, genuinely nonlinear) system of conservation laws with relaxation

Assume there exists an equilibrium curve A(u), such that r(u,A(u)) = 0. Under some assumptions on σ and r, we prove the existence of global (in time) solutions of bounded variation, uε, υε, for ε > 0 fixed.As ε → 0, we prove the convergence of a subsequence of uε, υε to some u, υ that satisfy the equilibrium equations
A spatial dynamics approach to three-dimensional gravity-capillary steady water waves
Authors: Groves M. D. , Mielke A. 
Published: July 2007

This paper contains a rigorous existence theory for three-dimensional steady gravity-capillary finite-depth water waves which are uniformly translating in one horizontal spatial direction x and periodic in the transverse direction z. Physically motivated arguments are used to find a formulation of the problem as an infinite-dimensional Hamiltonian system in which x is the time-like variable, and a centre-manifold reduction technique is applied to demonstrate that the problem is locally equivalent to a finite-dimensional Hamiltonian system. General statements concerning the existence of waves which are periodic or quasiperiodic in x (and periodic in z) are made by applying standard tools in Hamiltonian-systems theory to the reduced equations.A critical curve in Bond number–Froude number parameter space is identified which is associated with bifurcations of generalized solitary waves. These waves are three dimensional but decay to two-dimensional periodic waves (small-amplitude Stokes waves) far upstream and downstream. Their existence as solutions of the water-wave problem confirms previous predictions made on the basis of model equations.
Puerto Rican Mothers' Beliefs and Home Literacy Practices
Authors: Hammer Carol Scheffner , Rodriguez Barbara L. , Lawrence Frank R. , Miccio Adele W. 
Published: July 2007

Purpose
The aims of this investigation were to examine the parenting beliefs and literacy practices of mothers of Puerto Rican descent and to determine if relationships existed between the mothers' beliefs and practices.

Method
Eighty-one mothers of bilingual children who attended Head Start programs participated in the project. As part of a larger project, the children were divided into 2 groups depending on the timing of when they were exposed to English. Children who were exposed to Spanish and English from birth were classified as having home English communication (HEC); children who were not expected to communicate in English until age 3 when they entered Head Start were classified as having school English communication (SEC). Trained home visitors used questionnaires to collect information from the mothers on their background, beliefs about parenting and education, and home literacy practices.

Results
The results revealed that Puerto Rican mothers held both traditional and progressive beliefs. Additionally, differences between the mothers of children in the HEC and SEC groups were observed on some of the measures of beliefs and practices. Relationships between beliefs and practices were not observed.

Implications
The findings demonstrated that Puerto Rican mothers integrated aspects of both the Puerto Rican culture and the mainstream culture of the U.S. mainland into their views concering child rearing and education. Implications for practice are discussed.
Bilingual Children’s Language Abilities and Early Reading Outcomes in Head Start and Kindergarten
Authors: Hammer Carol Scheffner , Lawrence Frank R. , Miccio Adele W. 
Published: July 2007

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between Head Start children’s receptive language development and their kindergarten reading outcomes.MethodEighty-eight bilingual children who were eligible to attend Head Start for 2 years participated in the study. Growth curve models were used to examine the relationship between children’s language abilities during 2 years in Head Start and end-of-kindergarten reading outcomes.ResultsThe results revealed that children’s English and Spanish receptive language abilities increased during Head Start, and children’s early reading abilities in English were within the typical range of monolingual norms at the end of kindergarten. Children’s early reading abilities in Spanish were nearly 1SDbelow the test mean or lower. The results also showed that children’s growth in their English and Spanish language abilities during Head Start predicted their early reading abilities in English and Spanish.ImplicationsThe findings imply that preschool programs are needed that target children’sgrowthin language and not their performance measured at a particular point in time. Also, the results demonstrate the importance of early and regular evaluation of bilingual children’s development in both languages in order to monitor children’s growth in their two languages.
The Cross-Linguistic Transfer of Early Literacy Skills: The Role of Initial L1 and L2 Skills and Language of Instruction
Authors: Cárdenas-Hagan Elsa , Carlson Coleen D. , Pollard-Durodola Sharolyn D. 
Published: July 2007

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of initial first and second language proficiencies as well as the language of instruction that a student receives on the relationship between native language ability of students who are English language learners (ELLs) and their development of early literacy skills and the second language.

Method
This study investigated the development of early language and literacy skills among Spanish-speaking students in 2 large urban school districts, 1 middle-size urban district, and 1 border district. A total of 1,016 ELLs in kindergarten participated in the study. Students were administered a comprehensive battery of tests in English and Spanish, and classroom observations provided information regarding the Spanish or English language use of the teacher.

Results
Findings from this study suggest that Spanish-speaking students with high Spanish letter name and sound knowledge tend to show high levels of English letter name and sound knowledge. ELLs with low Spanish and English letter name and sound knowledge tend to show high levels of English letter name and sound knowledge when they are instructed in English. Letter name and sound identification skills are fairly highly positively correlated across languages in the beginning of the kindergarten year. In addition, phonological awareness skills appear to be the area with the most significant and direct transfer of knowledge, and language skills do not appear to be a factor in the development of phonological awareness. Finally, the relationship between oral language skills across languages was low, suggesting little relationship between oral language skills across languages at the beginning of the kindergarten year.

Implications for Practice
Results from this study suggest that pedagogical decisions for ELLs should not only consider effective instructional literacy strategies but also acknowledge that the language of instruction for Spanish-speaking ELLs may produce varying results for different students.
An approach to predict transcription factor DNA binding site specificity based upon gene and transcription factor functional categorization
Authors: Qian Ziliang , Lu Lingyi , Liu XiaoJun , Cai Yu-Dong , Li Yixue 
Published: July 2007

AbstractMotivation: To understand transcription regulatory mechanisms, it is indispensable to investigate transcription factor (TF) DNA binding preferences. We noted that the generally acknowledged information of functional annotations of TFs as well as that of their target genes should provide useful hints in determining TF DNA binding preferences.Results: In this contribution, we developed an integrative method based on the Nearest Neighbor Algorithm, to predict DNA binding preferences through integrating both the functional/structural information of TFs and the interaction between TFs and their targets. The accuracy of cross-validation tests on the dataset consisting of 3430 positive samples and 7000 negative samples reaches 87.0 % for 10-fold cross-validation and 87.9 % for jackknife cross-validation test, which is a much better result than that in our previous work. The prediction result indicates that the improved method we developed could be a powerful approach to infer the TF DNA preference in silico.Contact: cyd@picb.ac.cnSupplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online