bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Forestry for Sustainable Development: Making It Happen
Authors: Gregersen Hans , Lundgren Allen , Byron Neil 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Sustainable development is a process of meeting the continuing, evolving needs of people while protecting and enhancing the resource base on which all production of goods and environmental services depends. Good forest management is an essential part of the sustainable development process. Given the need to share the benefits from forests, and given the uncertainty we face concerning the future, a participatory adaptive management approach is needed, one that lets us most easily adapt if we find in the future that we are on a path of unsustainable development.
Beyond "Scoping": Citizens and San Juan National Forest Managers, Learning Together
Authors: Richard Tim , Burns Sam 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In a community-public land initiative, southwest Colorado citizens and Forest Service staff worked for two years before starting the revision of the San Juan National Forest land and resource management plan. Community groups studied community values and forest science and management through informal exchanges on resource management issues. Topical working groups followed up with more detailed examinations to help ensure that the plan would reflect commitment to public land stewardship.
Sense of Place: An Elusive Concept That is Finding a Home in Ecosystem Management
Authors: Williams Daniel R. , Stewart Susan I. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
"Sense of place" offers resource managers a way to identify and respond to the emotional and spiritual bonds people form with certain spaces. We examine reasons for the increasing interest in the concept and offer four broad recommendations for applying sense of place to ecosystem management. By initiating a discussion about sense of place, managers can build a working relationship with the public that reflects the complex web of lifestyles, meanings, and social relations endemic to a place.
The Boom in Forest Owners--A Bust for Forestry?
Authors: DeCoster Lester A. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Private forests are breaking into smaller ownerships. The largest parcels remain intact for now, but the acreage in midsize woodlots is shrinking and the bottom class is growing. As the size of their ownerships decreases, owners are less likely to see the relevance of forestry. Without significant investments in public relations and marketing, forestry will become less and less relevant to more and more people, and we will lose vital forests that can produce both environmental and economic benefits. We need new approaches and technologies designed for small parcels.
Has Ecosystem Management Really Changed Practices on the National Forests?
Authors: Phillips Claudia Goetz , Randolph John 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In 1992 the USDA Forest Service adopted ecosystem management as a holistic approach to manage its forests and grasslands. Three recent forest plans were evaluated to ascertain whether they more closely reflect ecosystem management principles than earlier plans. On the George Washington and Francis Marion National Forests, ecosystem management principles have measurably influenced planning and decisionmaking processes, but the new policy has had limited influence on the National Forests & Grasslands in Texas.
Honesty and Foresight in Computer Visualizations
Authors: McQuillan Alan G. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The starting realism of data visualizations (see "Techniques for Visualizing the Appearance of Forestry Operations," p.9) raises ethical concerns because of this technology's potential to mislead or misinform public stakeholders. Unless we acknowledge the difference between the realistic and the real, what could be a tool for winning public understanding of forestry activities will be just one more apparent ruse that already-untrusting citizens suspect is an attempt to pull the wool over their eyes. We must therefore be scrupulously honest in our presentations.
New Ways to Predict Aerial Spray Deposition and Drift
Authors: Teske Milton E. , Thistle Harold W. , Eav Bov 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Computer modeling of the behavior of a spray after it is released from an aircraft is intended to reduce the inherent complexity of pesticide application. Two new models developed by the USDA Forest Service seek to predict the effects of the atmosphere and the aircraft wake on sprays, and their predictions compare favorably with field studies. The models can improve application practices and enhance public confidence in the use of chemicals and biorational agents in forestry.
Information Technologies: Overcoming Challenges, Capturing Opportunities
Authors: Nodine Stephen K. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Imaging computer and information technologist have great potential to dramatically improve not only our efficiency but also the quality and type of work that we can do. Preconceptions that these technologies are only for big companies or take too much time to learn to use can be an obstacle to their adoption, but in fact, small companies may see the most gain in efficiency and the fastest return on their investment. Improving one's competitive advantage today means staying on top of these new opportunities.
Selection System in Northern Hardwoods
Authors: Nyland Ralph D. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Northern hardwood stands with multiple age classes allow immediate use of selection system to control the diameter and age-class distributions. This ensures consistency in yields, ecological conditions, visual qualities, and other values. To convert even-aged communities, landowners must partition the cut of upper canopy trees over many decades, regenerating a new age class with each entry. In both cases, landowners must commit to the long-term program of deliberate management that selection system requires.
Ecosystem Management in the Northeast: A Forestry Paradigm Shift?
Authors: Egan Andrew F. , Waldron Kathy , Raschka Jason , Bender John 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
A survey of professional foresters in the northeastern United States was conducted to determine (1) whether professional forest resource managers viewed forest ecosystem management and other "new" forestry language as representing practical constructs, and (2) whether there is a difference between USDA Forest Service foresters and private-sector foresters in the degree to which they have applied "new" forestry. Results suggested that the forest management behaviors of most foresters in the region may be influenced more by traditional forestry concepts and language than by "new" forestry.
Comments on "The Religion of Forestry: Scientific Management"
Authors: Thomas Jack Ward , Burchfield James 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
If "scientific management" means that elite experts are isolated from outside influence and make decisions based solely on "science," we agree that such should be abandoned. However, we don't believe such a circumstance ever existed. Foresters strive to satisfy the objectives of their employers within the boundaries of law, economic rationality, and ecological feasibility. We doubt that many, if any, worship at the altar of the Church of Scientific Management -- or ever did.
Even-Aged Silviculture in Tropical Rainforests of Asia: Lessons Learned and Myths Perpetuated
Authors: Ashton Mark S. , Peters Charles M. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In the past three decades tropical rainforests of the Far East have been managed using systems based almost exclusively on cutting cycles. Much recent research concerning this management approach has focused on reducing logging impacts on the residual forest. Evidence from historical records and research suggests that in certain circumstances shelterwood systems and their variants that provide both structural and age-class diversity can be appropriate. We give examples of such systems in India, Sri Lanka, and Malaysia.
The Dauerwald: Its Role in the Restoration of Natural Forests
Authors: Schabel Hans G. , Palmer Siegfried L. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Following an almost 80-year discussion, several European countries recently mandated natural forest management based on uneven-aged silvicultural systems. This shift from traditional forestry is envisioned to eventually restore forests to a near natural condition, while promoting large volumes of high-quality wood. We review the evolution of the Dauerwald concept, which greatly influenced this significant shift, and briefly assess its relevance for American conditions.
Forest Regeneration Practices: How Regional Certification Standards Compare
Authors: Friedman Sharon T. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
A review of standards for forest regeneration in 11 regional certification schemes reveals some slight shifts from current local practices. Although forest management in much of the United States is already incorporating many of the practices the standards seek to promote certification under these schemes would likely result in more natural regeneration and maintenance of a greater diversity of species. Except in special cases, there would be less need for genetic engineering and more attention to local seed collection and seed zoning, and thus a need for better seed certification. Economic consequences for industrial forestry might include some forgone opportunities.
The Challenges of Certifying Nontimber Forest Products
Authors: Pierce Alan R. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Certifying the ecological, economic, and social aspects of nontimber forest product management is complex and requires prudent application. The social issues surrounding access and utilization of nontimber forest products, and the informal economic systems under which many of these goods are traded, may be poorly addressed by a market-based initiative such as certification. Nevertheless, certification may benefit certain products, and the process of developing and testing certification standards for best management practices of nontimber forest products will benefit researchers and managers, and perhaps also the communities that harvest these critical forest resources.
Wood Rats and Northern Spotted Owls in the Coastal Redwoods
Authors: Giusti Gregory A. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Foresters often face the challenge of maintaining a flow of timber while managing for nontimber resources. In coastal redwood forests the need to protect dusky-footed wood rats--a potential prey for the spotted owl--while minimizing the damage caused by their feeding has created contradictory wildlife management objectives. Based on prior experience and preliminary field reconnaissance, however, it appears that stand prescriptions can be manipulated to control wood rat abundance and feeding behavior.
The Advantages of Equal Income Tax Rates for All Businesses
Authors: Klemperer W. David 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Society of American Foresters position statements on income taxes have historically advocated federal tax policies that encourage forest management investment. This paper recommends a different approach, based on the economic theory that from a financial view economies tend to be most efficient if taxes are evenhanded and no less discouraging to one type of investment than to another. The analysis points out problems in justifying lower tax rates for timber production than for other ventures.
Nonscience from the Committee of Scientists
Authors: Geisinger Jim 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The Northwest Forestry Association, whose mission is to ensure a favorable operating environment and a reliable timber supply for the forest industry in Oregon and Washington, sees flaws in the Committee of Scientists' report. In its own efforts to promote sustainable management of the region's forests, the association has found that the current plans, based on multiple use as required by law, adequately protect the sustainability of the resource. The committee's call for "ecological sustainability" to become the new mission of the Forest Service is therefore unwarranted. At the very least, the report should have been peer reviewed.
Our Forgotten Rangelands
Authors: Whittekiend J. Craig 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Range resources played only a small role in the first round of national forest plans, the Society for Range Management believes, and the Committee of Scientists' proposal for identifying lands suitable for values other than timber production is still vague. But the committee's strong appeal for a collaborative approach to planning, the opportunity for involvement at multiple levels, and the emphasis on local input will help ensure that range managers can become involved. If they can't, controversy resulting from the past lack of direction for rangelands may continue.
Reforming the Forest Soviet
Authors: O'Toole Randal 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The Committee of Scientists has ignored the prime lesson of the 20th century: centralized planning does not work. The Forest Options Group, a consensus group of industry, environmental, and Forest Service leaders who have been meeting for two years, believes that the Forest Service needs true alternatives: governance systems that promote cooperation, not polarization; decentralized budgeting, not congressional micromanagement. The way to find out what works best is to test a variety of alternatives on various national forests, and to that end the author describes five pilot programs.
The Guiding Star of Ecological and Rural Sustainability
Authors: Carey Henry H. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The Committee of Scientists' report signals a shift in land management planning, according to the Forest Trust, which seeks to protect the integrity of the forest ecosystem and improve the lives of people in rural communities. No longer will the Forest Service be the technical elite with sole responsibility for managing the forests, and the public the passive recipients of their benefits. The new planning process will enable citizens to become stewards of the land. In its sensitivity to the culture, concerns, and contributions of rural people, the report should win endorsement from resource-dependent communities.
Choosing a Forest Vision
Authors: Floyd Donald W. , Alexander Kelsey , Burley Charles , Cooper Arthur W. , DuFault Arthur , Gorte Ross W. , Haines Sharon G. , Hronek Bruce B. , Oliver Chadwick D. , Shepard Edward W. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
It is unlikely, given the often-contentious history of the national forests, that incremental change in their administration can resolve fundamental differences in values. So concludes a task force appointed by the Society of American Foresters (SAF) to review federal forest management; its analysis and recommendations have been published in Forest of Discord: Options for Governing Our National Forests and Federal Public Lands. Whereas the Committee of Scientists was asked to stay within the framework of current laws and regulations, the SAF analysts were not so constrained. The following excerpts from Forest of Discord summarize the reasons that fundamental legislative and regulatory change is warranted and consider the purpose of having national forests and public lands.
Will Management of Vulnerable Species Protect Biodiversity?
Authors: Broberg Leonard E. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Selection of management indicator species has been used to ensure that the biodiversity of forest ecosystems is protected. Such species could be selected by their degree of imperilment. A coarse-scale review investigates whether this system finds species that are strongly associated in Idaho, Montana, and Washington. Inland vertebrates were selected based on global or national imperilment rankings and endangered species candidate lists. Their ranges were coarsely mapped and habitat associations determined. Among the findings: vulnerability criteria designate primarily fish species that are not associated with upland ponderosa pine forests, and fail to target any terrestrial vertebrate species strongly associated with this declining community.
Reducing Forest Road Erosion: Do Foresters and Logging Contracts Matter?
Authors: Egan Andrew F. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In West Virginia, as in several other states, loggers are solely responsible for implementing best management practices (BMP) to prevent soil erosion and protect water quality. A study reveals that not even the stipulation of provisions for BMPs in logging contracts results in above-average rates of compliance. Extending responsibility for BMP implementation to those individuals often most responsible for the timing and conduct of logging--the landowner--may promote better workmanship. Further, an ethic that translates landowners' satisfaction with logging into satisfaction with soil and water quality may be a useful component of extension education programs. Among the findings: Landowners who hired a professional forester to conduct their timber sales had a higher level of compliance.
The Three Rs of Roads: Redesign, Reconstruction, and Restoration
Authors: Swift Lloyd W. , Burns Richard G. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
All too often, unpaved forest access roads in the southern Appalachian Mountains were located near streams and rivers, thereby contributing storm flow and sediment to the aquatic ecosystem. Landowners and managers may not have the resources to reconstruct and relocate all these roads to protect water quality. However, simple techniques for redesign of storm water drainage structures can provide low-cost alternatives where the forest floor can absorb and filter runoff from roads. These practices could apply not just in the Appalachians but wherever storms and roads are placing sediment in the stream. Land managers and consultants who assist nonindustrial forestland owners can use the principles for maintenance, reconstruction, or restoration of problem roads.
Forest Resources Research for the Next Decade: Minnesota Plots a Direction
Authors: Ellefson Paul V. , Kilgore Michael A. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In 1998 the Minnesota Forest Resources Council carried out a comprehensive review of forest resources research. Of immediate concern were legal commitments to conduct research, organizations involved, and the amount of money being invested. Once these conditions were understood, a four-pronged research agenda was set forth. Successful implementation of the research agenda will require greater attention to planning, funding, coordination, supply of researchers, and transfer of research results to users. Minnesota's experiences with the review could be useful to other states.
State Forest Health Programs: A Survey of State Foresters
Authors: Billings Ronald F. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Even as forest health problems appear to be intensifying in many regions of the United States, a 1998 survey of all 50 state foresters revealed that the total number of state forest health specialists has remained constant since 1988. Jobs of specialists in many states now combine the responsibilities once handled separately by forest entomologists and forest pathologists. Individual states vary widely in staffing levels and funding for forest health programs. Although few in number in most states, the 107 forest health specialists are vital to state forestry programs.
Case No. 1: One Hundred Years of Forest Management
Authors: Ball John J. , Schaefer Peter R. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Stands of ponderosa pine in the Black Hills National Forest have been subject to management by professional foresters longer than any other western timber type. This management began with the first regulated sale of timber from a forest reserve, referred to as Case No. 1. While more than 5 bbf of timber were removed from this forest during the last 100 years, timber volume has grown from 1.5 bbf in 1899 to more than 5 bbf today. Case No. 1 is an excellent example of how effective forest management can sustain multiple forest resources.
Raphael Zon and Forestry's First School of Hard Knocks
Authors: Lewis J.G. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
When he enrolled in the New York State College of Forestry in 1899, Zon—later editor of the Journal of Forestry—found a struggling program. But the difficulties did not prevent faculty and students alike from learning. In some cases, they provided greater lessons than success might have taught. Fernow, the college dean, espoused the European ideal of forestry and emphasized economic return over silviculture. Unable to get along with the school forest's Adirondack neighbors, to retain both professors and students, and to secure steady funding, the program was dissolved in 1903; aided by Pinchot's money and maneuvering, Yale then assumed preeminence in forestry education for the century's first four decades. Zon's diary provides a student's view of the forestry school in 1900.
When Sound Science Is Not Enough: Regulating the Blues
Authors: Langston N. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In the Blue Mountains of the inland West, early foresters attempted to use the best science of the day to transform old-growth into regulated, productive forests. Managers of the 1920s thought that maximizing outputs from public forests would avert a timber famine. In the effort to reshape the forests into scientifically efficient producers of timber, old-growth had to be liquidated quickly. But the plan backfired, helping to create a forest health crisis across the West as well as a policy nightmare. Understanding the motives of those early foresters and the forest history of the region can help those who seek effective strategies for restoration today.
History, Work, and the Nature of Beauty: A Massachusetts Community Forest
Authors: Donahue B. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Logging in a Massachusetts community forest upsets local residents who believe that the forest should be left in its natural state. A detailed history of a stand of pine and oak in this forest, however, illustrates the ecological propriety of an ecosystem management approach. Community forestry can protect biodiversity, educate and employ young people, and sustainably harvest wood products. The author's investigation of this small tract also reveals the inadequacy of “reading the landscape” simply by walking through it.
The Making of a New Western Hero: The Forest Ranger in Popular Fiction, 1900–1940
Authors: LaLande J. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Newcomers on the scene at the turn of the century, the first foresters in the American West sometimes faced a reluctant and even hostile public. But as the Old West waned, popular authors like Zane Grey chose the Forest Service ranger as a protagonist in their stories. More than simply another romantic and courageous hero, the steadfast forest ranger—as portrayed in numerous novels published during the early 20th century—popularized notions of conservation and scientific forestry among a national audience. The fictional ranger brought the “gospel of forest conservation” to countless readers, just as he converted most of his fictional antagonists to the very same principles.
Managing Forests for Water Yield: The Importance of Scale
Authors: Huff D.D. , Hargrove B. , Tharp M.L. , Graham R. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Examination of expected changes in water yield for a large area where vegetation thinning has been proposed in the Sierra Mountains of California indicates that the size of the area has an important bearing on annual runoff. At the smallest scales, some treated areas may have easily measured changes in water yield, with the potential for impacts on aquatic biota and water quality. The average changes in annual runoff per unit area for large tracts, however, are too small to be measured directly and thus must be quantified by using models to extrapolate existing knowledge.