bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of infection on energy requirements of infants and children
Authors: Garza Cutberto 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThis is a brief review of the effects of infection and other forms of stress on the energy needs of infants and young children. The results of studies estimating energy expenditure in infants and young children during illness and convalescence were evaluated. Expectations that energy expenditure is influenced by the severity of illness, nutritional status, the nature of the illness, the presence and intensity of ‘catch-up growth,’ and the stage of convalescence are generally supported by the literature. The qualitative or quantitative nature of responses, however, are not uniform for diverse illnesses in children in diverse planes of nutritional adequacy.
Validation of three predictive equations for basal metabolic rate in adults
Authors: Ramirez-Zea Manuel 
Published: November 2005

AbstractObjectiveTo cross-validate three predictive set of equations for basal metabolic rate (BMR) developed by Schofield (Schofield database), Henry (Oxford database) and Cole (Oxford database) using mean values for age, weight, height and BMR of published studies.DesignLiterature review of studies published from 1985 to March 2002.SettingAll studies selected used appropriate methods and followed conditions that met the criteria established for basal metabolism, were performed in healthy adults, and were not part of the Schofield or Oxford database.SubjectsA total of 261 groups of men and women from 175 studies were selected and categorised in three age groups (18.5–29.9, 30.0–59.9, ≥60 years old) and three body mass index (BMI) groups (normal weight, overweight and obese).ResultsLinear regression and concordance correlation analysis showed that the three sets of equations had the same association and agreement with measured BMR, across gender, age, and BMI groups. The agreement of all equations was moderate for men and poor for women. The lowest mean squared prediction errors (MSPRs) were given by Henry equations in men and Cole equations in women. Henry and Cole equations gave lower values than Schofield equations, except for men over 60 years of age. Henry equations were the most accurate in men. None of the three equations performed consistently better in women.ConclusionThese results support the use of Henry equations in men with a wide range of age and BMI. None of the proposed predictive equations seem to be appropriate to estimate BMR in women.
Effect of informed consent for intravascular contrast material on the level of anxiety: how much information should be given?
Authors: Yucel A. , Gecici O. , Emul M. , Oyar O. , Gulsoy U. K. , Dayanir Y. O. , Acar M. , Degirmenci B. , Haktanir A. 
Published: November 2005

Purpose: To compare the effect of two different informed consent forms on patients' anxiety level prior to intravenous contrast material (IVCM) injection. Material and Methods: Two different informed consent forms were randomly given to 265 consecutive patients referred for either intravenous pyelography or computed tomography requiring IVCM injections. Form 1 had brief information, including only the common risks and risk factors associated with IVCM, while Form 2 had more comprehensive information. Before being presented with the two different informed consent forms, 191 of the 265 patients filled out two other forms evaluating: 1: How they felt in that particular situation/moment (STAI-T); and 2: How they felt independently of the situation or condition at that moment (STAI-S). After the patients were informed, the STAI-T (measuring how they felt in that particular situation) was filled out once more to see if the anxiety level had changed. Results: The anxiety level for 88 patients receiving Form 1 decreased after they were given the informed consent ( P = 0.033). However, among the 103 patients receiving Form 2, the anxiety level showed a significant increase ( P = 0.001) compared to the values obtained before Form 2 was given. Conclusion: These results indicate that informed consent, including brief information about the risk factors and potential adverse reactions of IVCM, reduces anxiety level, while detailed information before the procedure increases the anxiety level.
A retrospective evaluation of patient acceptance of computed tomography colonography (“virtual colonoscopy”) in comparison with conventional colonoscopy in an average risk screening population
Authors: Juchems M. S. , Ehmann J. , Brambs H.-J. , Aschoff A. J. 
Published: November 2005

Purpose: To evaluate patient acceptance of computed tomography (CT) colonography compared with conventional colonoscopy by means of a self-assessed questionnaire. Material and Methods: Four-hundred-and-one patients with valid address information from our patient collective were preselected. Patient acceptance was evaluated retrospectively using a self-assessed questionnaire. The patients underwent CT colonography in our institution using 4× or 16× multi-detector row (MDR) CT. Two-hundred-and-forty-six patients returned a completed questionnaire, 157 of these indicating that they had undergone both virtual and conventional colonoscopy. Results: One-hundred-and-twenty (76.4%) of the 157 patients would undergo another CT colonography if necessary, while only 14 patients would not. One-hundred-and-sixteen (73.9%) patients favored the actual examination procedure of CT colonography ( P<0.0001), while only 6.4% preferred the conventional method. Preparation prior to CT colonography was experienced as more convenient than preparation prior to conventional colonoscopy (52.2% versus 14%). Conclusion: CT colonography was preferred in terms of both preparation and the actual procedure itself.
An investigation into the possibility of an innovative treatment for weight‐related hyperphagia: Towards a more effective combination of physiological and psychological treatment for clinically obese patients who binge‐eat, category DSM IV EDNOS (Eating Disorders Not Otherwise Specified)
Authors: Helyar Rosemary 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThis paper describes Phase One of a five‐phase doctoral research inquiry into hyperphagia (eating beyond requirement) as experienced in Binge Eating Disorder (BED). It is a response to the need for a treatment plan which combines the opportunity to explore psychological reasons for overeating, as well as to understand physiological reasons for uncontrollable cravings. Three participants, recruited through local gyms, received twelve sessions of integrative counselling combining cognitive behavioural therapy and physiological information with a person‐centred approach and psychodynamic theory to help participants discover for themselves the emotional causes of their overeating. The results informed Phase Two in which a small group addressed the same issues. The outcome of both phases will be used to design a treatment programme (Phase Three) for a larger group as a pilot study (Phase Four), all phases being part of an action research project which will be evaluated in Phase Five. The study is aimed at promoting a better understanding on the part of health professionals and counsellors of the need for sufferers of BED to address emotional causes of overeating and providing such treatment in primary care. Participants in Phase One self‐reported a steady decrease in Body Mass Index (BMI) during an interval of one year and achieved an awareness of the way in which their complex relationship with food was underpinned by emotionally painful and avoidant relationships with others.
An exploration of obese adults’ experience of attempting to lose weight and to maintain a reduced weight
Authors: Bidgood Jacqueline , Buckroyd Julia 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThe aim of this study was to explore obese adults’ accounts of their experiences and feelings during their attempts to lose weight and to maintain a reduced weight. Qualitative research methods were used, based on interviews with individuals and groups. Eighteen obese men and women were recruited from the general public, with BMIs ranging from 30 to 50. All participants had attempted weight loss treatment, but without lasting success. Participants were unanimous in saying they needed help. Results suggest that counselling could play a greater role in the treatment of obesity.
Making sense of being fat: A hermeneutic analysis of adults’ explanations for obesity
Authors: Grant Patricia Goodspeed , Boersma Helena 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThis hermeneutic‐phenomenological study of individuals enrolled in a hospital weight management clinic is an account and analysis of the experiences of being overweight, dieting and weight cycling through in‐depth life history interviews. Participants explored their earliest recollections involving family attitudes towards food, multiple experiences with dieting and weight cycling and how they explained their weight problems to themselves. Analysis revealed that mealtimes became the arena within which control battles were waged between parent and child; food became associated with control and eating subsequently became a way to gain control over other aspects of life. Eating also became a way to numb the pain associated with child abuse, to substitute for human needs for relationship and belonging and emotional cycles of eating were identified. Insights emergeing from the interview process suggest the value of considering a psychodynamic approach to understanding emotional eating.
A feminist psychotherapeutic approach to working with women who eat compulsively1
Authors: Heenan Colleen 
Published: November 2005

AbstractFeminist psychoanalytic theorists argue that eating problems demonstrate ways in which conscious and unconscious gendered feelings about women are split off and projected on to their bodies. As such, they are complex ways in which women attempt to negotiate and express their identities within their paradoxical social position in contemporary western society. They are not just consumers but also objects of consumption. This paper explores material from a feminist psychodynamic therapy group for women with a variety of eating problems, focusing on how interweaving both discursive and unconscious approaches to understanding the gendered function of weight can facilitate change. Feminist psychodynamic therapists work with the concept that the body is an interface between conscious and unconscious mind within both an internal and a social world. This framework enables the client to understand the connections between socially constructed frameworks of femininity, emotions and bodily sensations, rather than to act on them through some form of bodily abuse. This approach is based on my adaptation of Susie Orbach's (1978) ‘Fat is a Feminist Issue’ therapeutic model for working with compulsive eaters. While arguing that a feminist psychoanalytic framework is crucial in this type of work, I suggest that it is essential to combine this with cognitive and behavioural therapeutic interventions in order to provide a pedagogic structure in which food, eating and body size come to be seen as meaningful.
Working with a couple when one partner has difficulties controlling their anger
Authors: Watts Sarah 
Published: November 2005

SummaryThis report details the assessment and intervention carried out with a couple, Paula* and Bob*, who both had a moderate learning disability. Paula was referred to the Psychology Service for some work focussing on difficulties in controlling her responses to anger. This report discusses the assessment and offers a formulation from a cognitive behavioural perspective, also drawing on ideas from psychodynamic and systemic theories. It was necessary to work within the system that supported Paula, which included some joint work with Paula and Bob and work with their carers. The assessment and intervention were not straightforward and flexibility was required throughout in order to gain an understanding of the situation and offer an appropriately focussed intervention. The outcome and reflections on the work are discussed.
Functional analysis of Botrytis cinerea pectin methylesterase genes by PCR‐based targeted mutagenesis: Bcpme1 and Bcpme2 are dispensable for virulence of strain B05.10
Authors: KARS ILONA , McCALMAN MELYSIA , WAGEMAKERS LIA , VAN KAN JAN A. L. 
Published: November 2005

SUMMARY Botrytis cinerea is a necrotrophic pathogen that produces an array of enzymes capable of attacking the plant cell wall components. We have previously shown that growth of the fungus in planta is accompanied by the degradation of pectin and that endopolygalacturonase (Bcpg) genes are expressed during infection of different plant tissues. It was assumed that pectin demethylation by pectin methylesterases (PME) was essential for the subsequent depolymerization by BcPGs to occur efficiently. We report here on the functional analysis of two Bcpme genes in strain B05.10, using a gene‐replacement approach. The method used for the generation of constructs for gene replacement in B. cinerea circumvents the need for cloning and yielded a high proportion of homologous recombinants. Mutants lacking both Bcpme genes are not affected in their growth on highly methylated pectin, nor did they show any reduction in virulence. The results suggest that B. cinerea strain B05.10 can efficiently degrade pectin without prior demethylation.
Hydrogen glucose breath test to detect small intestinal bacterial overgrowth: a prevalence case–control study in irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: LUPASCU A. , GABRIELLI M. , LAURITANO E. C. , SCARPELLINI E. , SANTOLIQUIDO A. , CAMMAROTA G. , FLORE R. , TONDI P. , POLA P. , GASBARRINI G. , GASBARRINI A. 
Published: November 2005

SummaryBackground:  Studies assessing the prevalence of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth in irritable bowel syndrome gave contrasting results. Differences in criteria to define irritable bowel syndrome patients and methods to assess small intestinal bacterial overgrowth may explain different results. Moreover, no data exist on small intestinal bacterial overgrowth prevalence in a significant population of healthy non‐irritable bowel syndrome subjects.Aim:  To assess the prevalence of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth by glucose breath test in patients with irritable bowel syndrome symptoms with respect to a consistent control group.Methods:  Consecutive patients with irritable bowel syndrome according to Rome II criteria were enrolled. The control population consisted of 102 sex‐ and age‐matched healthy subjects without irritable bowel syndrome symptoms. All subjects underwent glucose breath test. A peak of H2 values >10 p.p.m above the basal value after 50 g of glucose ingestion was considered suggestive of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth.Results:  A total of 65 irritable bowel syndrome patients and 102 healthy controls were enrolled. Positivity to glucose breath test was found in 31% of irritable bowel syndrome patients with respect to 4% in the control group, the difference between groups resulting statistically significant (OR: 2.65; 95% CI: 3.5–33.7, P < 0.00001).Conclusions:  The present case–control study showed an epidemiological association between irritable bowel syndrome and small intestinal bacterial overgrowth. Placebo‐controlled small intestinal bacterial overgrowth‐eradication studies are necessary to clarify the real impact of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth on irritable bowel syndrome symptoms.
Survival after massive bleeding into the airway in a patient at risk from ‘can’t intubate, can't ventilate'
Authors: Sulaiman L. , Charters P. 
Published: November 2005

SummaryA patient survived massive bleeding into the airway due to blowout of the right internal jugular vein associated with a failed free‐flap graft for pharyngeal malignancy. A recently decannulated ‘covering tracheostomy’ could not be easily re‐established. Direct laryngoscopy and mask ventilation were inappropriate because the pharyngeal mucosal wound opened spontaneously and progressively and bleeding was dramatic. Positive pressure ventilation via a facemask risked widespread surgical emphysema and further wound disruption and because bleeding was from the internal jugular vein, there would also have been a risk of air embolism. The clinical situation evolved rapidly so time management and consideration of hierarchy of mortality risks was critical. It was eventually possible to re‐establish the previous tracheostomy site as a result of close co‐operation between the surgical and anaesthetic teams. In difficult intubation where the problems are anticipated, the notion of responsive contingency planning is suggested to be of more general relevance than the current standard of considering alternative fallback options. The limitations of conventional capnography in this situation are also noteworthy.
Improving Kirchhoff migration with repeated local plane‐wave imaging? A SAR‐inspired signal‐processing approach in prestack depth imaging
Authors: Lecomte Isabelle , Hamran Svein‐Erik , Gelius Leiv‐J. 
Published: November 2005

ABSTRACTA local plane‐wave approach of generalized diffraction tomography in heterogeneous backgrounds, equivalent to Kirchhoff summation techniques when applied in seismic reflection, is re‐programmed to act as repeated synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging for seismic prestack depth migration. Spotlight‐mode SAR imaging quickly provides good images of the electromagnetic reflectivity of the ground via fast Fourier transform (FFT)‐based signal processing. By calculating only the Green's functions connecting the aircraft to the centre of the illuminated patch, scattering structures around that centre are also recovered. SAR technology requires us to examine seismic imaging from the local point of view, where the quantity and quality of the available information at each image point are what are important, regardless of the survey geometry. When adapted to seismics, a local image of arbitrary size and sampling is obtained by FFT of seismic energy maps in the scattering wavenumber domain around each node of a pre‐calculated grid of Green's functions. These local images can be used to generate a classic prestack depth‐migrated section by collecting only their centres. However, the local images also provide valuable information around the centre, as in SAR. They can therefore help to pre‐analyse prestack depth migration efficiently, and to perform velocity analysis at a very low cost. The FFT‐based signal‐processing approach allows local, efficient and automatic control of anti‐aliasing, noise and resolution, including optimized Jacobian weights. Repeated local imaging could also be used to speed up migration, with interpolation between local images associated with a coarse grid of Green's functions, as an alternative to interpolation of Green's functions. The local images may, however, show distortions due to the local plane‐wave approximation, and the velocity variations across their frame. Such effects, which are not necessarily a problem in SAR, should be controlled and corrected to further enhance seismic imaging. Applications to realistic models and to real data show that, despite the distortion effects, the local images can yield similar information to prestack depth migration, including common‐image‐point gathers for velocity analyses and AVO/AVA effects, at a much lower cost when a small target is considered.
Responses to advanced cancer: Chinese‐Australians
Authors: Chui Ying‐Yu , Donoghue Judith , Chenoweth Lynn 
Published: November 2005

Aim.  This paper describes a study identifying the impact of key aspects of Chinese culture on the responses of mid‐aged Chinese‐Australians to their advanced cancer in order to make recommendations about their care within the health system.Background.  Studies conducted in the 1960s and 1970s focused on understanding people's psychological responses to their experiences of terminal illness, but the issue of culture was not addressed. In recent years, a few studies have been conducted with Chinese‐Australians, but were limited to issues related to their information needs and the disclosure of a cancer diagnosis. There is a lack of understanding of the impact of Chinese culture on the experiences of these patients.Method.  A grounded theory approach was used to generate a substantive theory to explain how mid‐aged Chinese‐Australians respond to advancing cancer. Eleven participants were recruited and data were collected from face‐to‐face interviews, telephone contacts, observation and researcher fieldnotes. Data generation occurred between 1997 and 1999.Findings.  Four modes of response to advanced cancer were identified: acute crisis, combat, despondency and waiting for death. This paper deals particularly with the combat mode which incorporated five culturally specific strategies used by participants in their struggle against advanced cancer. These were traditional Chinese medicine, traditional Chinese beliefs on the use of food for health maintenance, qi gong (a form of exercise), feng shui (which involves paying attention to spatial organization) and the worship of ancestors and gods. Deeply entrenched within these responses is the influence of Chinese culture, rooted in the beliefs and practices of traditional Chinese medicine and the philosophy of harmony and balance of yin and yang and qi.Conclusion.  Healthcare professionals need to be aware of the cultural practices and beliefs of the different ethnic groups for whom they care, and of the importance of accommodation to and negotiation about these cultural practices.
The value of integrating interpretive research approaches in the exposition of healthcare context
Authors: Henderson Amanda 
Published: November 2005

Aim.  This paper discusses the use of a nested set of methodologies (dramaturgy, ethnomethodology and ethnography) to characterize and interpret the settings, practices and interactions inherent in the healthcare environment. The aim is to explain how a set of methodologies can help make sense of research data in the clinical setting.Background.  Despite the recognition of the importance of the context of care there has been limited debate about the use and value of research methods and methodologies and how they can be best applied to the healthcare context.Discussion  Using dramaturgy the physical and social scene can clearly be established, to enable insight into ‘how the scene is contrived’. The ethnomethodological approach assists in the examination of taken‐for‐granted assumptions inherent in the interactions between individuals in the ‘scene’, and the underlying ‘shared’ knowledge within interactions. ‘Shared knowledge’ identifies knowledge as a medium for communication. The use of ethnography ensures that social and cultural symbols, which are an integral component of how individuals collectively attribute meaning to places and events, become a significant part in the interpretation of interactions.Conclusion.  The combination of these methods is advantageous in assisting qualitative researchers in the healthcare environment to ‘make sense’ of their complex field notes.