bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A sequential study of viral DNA in serum in experimental transmission of duck hepatitis B virus
Authors: Fukuda Ryo , Fukumoto Shiro , Shimada Yoshihiro 
Published: March 2007

AbstractTo understand the relationship among the time of infection, infection patterns, and liver diseases, experimental transmission of duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV) utilizing 165 Japanese white domestic ducklings was performed. Twenty to 25 ducklings were each inoculated with DHBV‐positive serum intravenously at day one, 3, 5, 7, 10, and 14 posthatch and were sacrificed during the 1st, 2nd, 3rd. and 4th (and 24th in those inoculated on day one and day 3 posthatch) week after inoculation to obtain sera and the liver. The sera served for the measurement of DHBV DNA by spot hybridization test and DNA polymerase activity, and the liver was subjected to morphological examination including immunostaining for DHBV.The ducklings inoculated with DHBV on 1 day and 3 days posthatch always revealed persistent viremia, whereas those on and after 5 days posthatch showed persistent or transient viremia. The hepatitis activity in the liver was seen in ducklings inoculated with DHBV on and after 3 days posthatch and was very weak consistent with the diagnosis of mild acute hepatitis of humans. The serum transaminase activity was not significantly elevated at the time of occurrence of histological hepatitis activity.Since host immune mechanism establish at 3 to 5 days posthatch in birds, the host immune response seemed to determine whether DHBV infection was persistent or transient and thc occurrence of hepatitis activity as seen in human hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection.
Analysis by immunoblotting of human cytomegalovirus antibody in sera of renal transplant recipient
Authors: Shimokawa Keiko , Murayama Tsugiya , Ishida Shigeo , Furukawa Toru 
Published: March 2007

AbstractHuman cytomegalovirus‐infected cell polypeptides were immunoreacted by sera of renal transplant recipients and compared with those reactive with sera of healthy adult donors by means of the Western immunoblotting technique. At least 15 polypeptides with molecular weights of 155K, 123K, 102K, 89K, 79K, 71K, 65K, 60K, 55K, 50K, 46K, 42K, 38K, 33K, and 28K were immunoreacted. Sera obtained serially from renal transplant recipients reacted with most of these polypeptides and reacted more frequently and intensely with the smaller polypeptide species such as 38K, 33K, and 28K, compared with sera of healthy seropositive adults. The implications of these findings are discussed.
Immunogenicity of a hepatitis A virus vaccine
Authors: Flehmig Bertram , Haage Angelika , Pfisterer Mechthild 
Published: March 2007

AbstractHepatitis A virus (HAV) strain HAV/HFS/GBM was adapted to and grown in human diploid fibroblast cells. The HAV was concentrated by ammonium sulphate precipitation and high‐speed centrifugation. The virus was inactivated by β‐propiolacton and purified by sedimentation through a 20% solution of sucrose and by CsCI gradient centrifugation. The immunogenicity of different preparations was tested in mice, guinea pigs, and goats. The immune response after vaccination was tested by determination of anti‐HAV with RIA and of neutralizing antibodies with an appropriate test system. Results showed that anti‐HAV titers of 1: 1,000 and greater. as well as neutralizing antibody titers of 1: 1,000 and greater, were found in sera of animals vaccinated with different preparations. It became evident that good anti‐HAV titers persisted over a period of at least 1.5 years in goats and mice after immunization with a semipurified HAV vaccine, and titers up to 1: 200 were present in mice 2 years after vaccination with a highly purified HAV vaccine.
Effect of antiviral substances on hepatitis A virus replication in vitro
Authors: Biziagos Evangelos , Crance Jean‐Marc , Passagot Jacques , Deloince Robert 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe effect of protamine, atropine, selenocystamine, taxifolin, and catechin on the infectivity and antigenicity of the cell culture‐adapted hepatitis A virus (HAV) strain CF 53 was studied. The toxicity on uninfected PLC/PRF/5 cells was examined for each antiviral compound by morphological and biochemical methods, in order to determine concentrations without cytotoxic effect. At these concentrations, protamine and taxifolin, added to infected cells for a 15‐day period, caused concentration‐dependent reductions in the infectivity and antigenicity of HAV. Atropine also caused a concentration‐dependent reduction of HAV infectivity but did not affect the antigenicity of the virus. At the highest concentration used, 50 μg/ml of protamine, 59 μg/ml of taxifolin, and 50 μg/ml of atropine, the infectious viral titer reduction was 1.56, 0.77, and 0.68 log10, respectively. Selenocystamine and catechin had no effect on HAV replication.
In situ hybridization of human immunodeficiency virus (HTLV‐III) in cryostat sections of lymph nodes of lymphadenopathy syndrome patients
Authors: Pezzella M. , Pezzella F. , Galli C. , Macchi B. , Verani P. , Sorice F. , Baroni C. D. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe presence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV. or HTLV‐III) genome sequence was investigated by means of in situ hybridization in cryostat sections of lymph nodes from lymphadenopathy syndrome (LAS) patients. The technique employed involved the modification of the DNA probe by chemical insertion of an antigenic sulfone group in cytosine moieties and the visualization of DNA by a double‐antibody immunohistochemical reaction. The hybrid formation was revealed in five out of ten cases: in all positive samples, HIV was mainly observed in the cytoplasm of lymph node cells. The method of in situ hybridization described in the present paper is specific and has some advantages if compared with other techniques based on the use of DNA probes labelled with radioisotopes or biotin by nick translation.
Anti‐Delta antibody in various HBsAg positive argentine populations
Authors: Fay O. , Tanno H. , Gatti H. , Basualdo J. A. , Ciocca M. , Fainboin H. , Fainboin L. , Jorge A. , Motta A. , Naval M. , Palazzi J. , Ramonet M. , Rey J. , Rojman J. , Schujman L. , Sileoni S. , Terg R. , Villamil F. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractOne thousand five hundred and seventeen HBsAg carriers from different cities of Argentina were studied for the presence of anti‐Delta antibody (anti‐HDV) in their sera. One thousand one hundred and sixty‐eight were volunteer blood donors and 349 were patients with liver disease. Different liver diseases were diagnosed by clinical, biochemical, and histological parameters. Among blood donors, 16 (1.4%) were positive for the antibody and none was Delta‐antigen positive. In 130 patients with acute hepatitis, one (0.77%) was positive for anti‐HDV. as well as three (2.22%) out of 135 patients with chronic active hepatitis (CAH), and three (5.77%) out of 52 patients with cirrhosis (C). No anti‐HDV positive was found among seven fulminant hepatitis (FH) cases.The presence of HBeAg and anti‐HBe was studied in anti‐HDV positive sera; eleven (69%) volunteer blood donors were anti‐HBe positive, and five (31%) were HBeAg positive. HBeAg was positive in the three CAH cakes, and in one out of three C Cases with anti‐HDV positive. Hepatitis Delta antigen was also positive in the hepatocytic nuclei in the three patients with C and two of the three CAH cases. The present results show that Delta infection is rare among blood donors in Argentina. A small variation without statistical significance could be found within different geographical areas. Among patients with HBsAg related liver disease, the presence of HDV markers was also low.
Antibodies to Epstein‐Barr virus‐specific DNase in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma and control groups
Authors: Chen Jen‐Yang , Chen Chien‐Jen , Liu Mei‐Ying , Cho Show‐Mei , Hsu Mow‐Ming , Lynn Tsong‐Chou , Shieh Ti , Tu Shieh‐Mien , Lee Hong‐Hsin , Kuo Shiow‐Ling , Lai Ming‐Yang , Hsieh Chang‐Yao , Hu Cheng‐Po , Yang Czau‐Siung 
Published: March 2007

AbstractSerum samples from 154 patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), 374 with other cancers, 1,000 normal controls from Government Employees' Clinic Center (GECC), and 3,642 individuals of various ethnic‐dialect groups living in high‐risk areas for NPC were collected and the concentration of antibodies to Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV)‐specific DNase activity was determined. Taking a serum sample where 1 ml will neutralize two or more units of the DNase activity as positive, 24 units as low level, 446 units as medium level, and more than 6 units as a high level of antibody, 90.3% of the NPC patients contained significant amounts of antibodies to EBV‐specific DNase activity and most of those had high levels of the antibody. In contrast, only 11% of sera from patients with cancers other than NPC contained antibodies to EBV‐specific DNase activity, and high levels were very rare (2.1%). The difference in positive rates between these two groups is highly significant according to the χ2 test (P < 0.001). The positive rate of this antibody in the control group (GECC) was 5.3% with 0.076, 0.8%, and 4.5% having high, medium, and low levels of antibodies, respectively. Again, the difference in positive rates between the GECC group and the NPC group is statistically significant (P < 0,001).Taken separately, the positive rates of anti‐EBV DNase activity in the three high‐risk groups were 11.7%, 13.0%, and 13.1%. No significant difference in age distribution for the levels of this antibody was observed in the control GECC group or the three high‐risk groups. However, the positive rates of the three high‐risk groups are more than twice those of the GECC group (11.7% ∼ 13.1% vs 5.3%). This ratio coincides with the ratio of the probability of developing NPC in high‐risk groups compared to that of the GECC group (also more than two times). The significance of this coincidence is discussed.
Rapid detection of infectious cytomegalovirus in blood with the aid of monoclonal antibodies
Authors: Schirm Jurjen , Timmerije Wilma , van der Bij Wim , The T. Hauw , Wilterdink Jan B. , Tegzess Adam M. , van Son Willem J. , Schroder F. Peter 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe recently developed early antigen immunofluorescence (IF) method for the detection of infectious cytomegalovirus (CMV) in clinical specimens has hardly been applied on blood samples. We compared the CMV early antigen detection technique with the conventional cell culture method in 415 different buffy coat samples from 85 different immunocompromised patients. Duplicate coverslips were stained with two different monoclonal antibodies 46 days after inoculation. The conventional cultures were examined for typical cytopathic effects (CPE) during 10 weeks. Forty samples from 19 patients were positive by the IF technique, most of them with both monoclonal antibodies. Only 22 of these samples were positive in the conventional cell culture assay, on average after 15.8 days. CMV viraemia was detected exclusively by the IF method in 18 samples, 7 of which were from five patients without any further evidence of an active CMV infection. CMV viraemia was detected exclusively by the CPE method in eight samples, on average after no less than 36.6 days. CMV viraemia was not found in blood samples from 10 patients with laboratory proven active CMV infections and 53 patients without any evidence of an active CMV infection. In our hands the early antigen method for the detection of infectious CMV in blood is nearly as specific (at least 98.1%) and clearly much faster and more sensitive than the conventional cell culture method. The early CMV antigen detection method is therefore a very useful tool for the rapid detection of infectious CMV in blood.
Regeneration of humoral immunity to herpes simplex virus following T‐cell‐depleted allogeneic bone marrow transplantation
Authors: Wimperis J. Z. , Berry N. J. , Prentice H. Grant , Lever A. , Griffiths P. D. , Brenner M. K. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe investigated the adoptive transfer of immunity to herpes simplex virus (HS V) in 61 recipients of T‐cell‐depleted marrow allografts. Up to 3 months after bone marrow transplantation (BMT), high titres of HSV antibody (Ab) are passively acquired from blood products. This antibody has a half‐life of 40.3 days, so that determination of recipient immunity to HSV cannot be made during the early post‐transplant period. By 4 months after the allograft, seronegative recipients of seronegative donors had near‐background levels of HSV Ab. Seropositive recipients, whether they were excreting virus or not, had high titres of HSV Ab regardless of donor status. Surprisingly, the seronegative recipients of HSV seropositive donors remained seronegative, a result at variance with observations made in the recipients allografts from which T‐cells had not been removed. Thus, T‐cell depletion modifies the adoptive transfer of humoral immunity to HSV, and an immune donor alone no longer ensures continued antibody production in the recipient.
Cytomegalovirus infections in adult T‐cell leukemia patients
Authors: Eizuru Yoshito , Tamura Kazuo , Minamishima Yoichi , Ogata Katsumi , Tada Shigeru , Inoue Shohei , Takeshita Morishige , Kikuchi Masahiro 
Published: March 2007

AbstractCytomegalovirus (CMV) infection frequently occurred in patients with malignant lymphoma of T‐cell origin, especially with adult T‐cell leukemia (ATL). This was evidenced by histopathological examination at autopsy, isolation of CMV, and detection of CMV antibodies that indicate recent or active infection. Cellular immune response was suppresssed in most ATL patients when examined by skin hypersensitivity reaction to purified protein derivatives (PPD), streptococcal antigens (SUPS), and phytohaemoagglutinin (PHA). None of the CMV‐positive patients reacted to them. Thus, the presence of tumor cells of T‐cell origin and the absence of skin hypersensitivity reaction seem to be risk factors for CMV infection. Each CMV isolate exhibited unique DN A fingerprints, suggesting that cross‐infection of CMV did not occur among the ATL patients on the same ward.
Analysis of the IgM and IgG antibody response against herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV‐1) structural and nonstructural proteins
Authors: Kühn Joachim E. , Dunkler Gabriele , Munk Klaus , Braun Rü Diger W. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractIn the present study the reactivity of IgG and IgM antibodies against HSV‐I structural and nonstructural proteins was analyzed by Western blot analysis (WBA) and radioimmunoprecipitation followed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (RIPA‐PAGE). It was demonstrated that IgM and IgG antibodies were directed against viral immediate‐early, early, and late proteins.Following acute primary HSV infection, the early IgM antibody response in general was found to be directed against nonglycosylated structural proteins, viral early and immediate‐early polypeptides. IgM antibodies against viral glycoproteins were found inconsistently. IgG antibodies against viral glycoproteins and other structural proteins with an apparent molecular weight of 56 kD, 45 kD, and 39 kD could be detected early in infection. Viral early and immediate‐early proteins were poorly recognized by IgG antibodies in acute primary infections. In recurrent HSV infections, IgM antibodies revealed a less complex reaction with viral polypeptides. Thus, such IgM antibodies reacted predominantly with viral nonglycosylated structural proteins. In contrast, IgG antibodies from patients with recurrent infections strongly recognized viral structural, early, and immediate‐early proteins. In seropositive individuals without obvious symptoms of acute infection, the most prominent antibody response was directed against gB and gD.
Serotyping and subgrouping of some rotavirus strains in China
Authors: Liu Ji‐Chang , Tian Ye , Qiu Fu‐Xi , Li Feng , Hao Yan‐Peng , Zhang Xin‐Sheng 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThis article reports for the first time in China the results of serotyping and subgrouping of some rotavirus strains obtained from faecal fluids of cases with infant diarrhoea. Infant diarrhoea rotavirus serotype 1 (Wa strain)‐specific and serotype 2 (KUN strain)‐specific hyperimmune sera, and infant diarrhoea rotavirus serotype 3‐specific, rotavirus subgroup I‐specific and subgroup II‐specific monoclonal antibodies were used in serotyping and subgrouping by means of enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay of 14 rotavirus strains which had been identified by electron microscopy. Results showed that three out of four Beijing strains in 1982 belonged to serotype 2 and subgroup I rotavirus, one belonged to serotype 3 and subgroup II rotavirus; one out of nine Beijing strains in 1984 belonged to serotype I and subgroup II rotavirus, seven belonged to serotype 2 and subgroup I rotavirus, one belonged to serotype 3 and subgroup II rotavirus; and one Kunming strain in 1984 belonged to serotype 3 and subgroup II rotavirus.
Virus excretion and strain specific antibody responses after oral poliovaccine in previously immunised children
Authors: Roivainen Merja , Thodén Carl‐Johan , Stenvik Mirja , Pöyry Tuija , Hovi Tapani 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA nation‐wide campaign with trivalent oral poliovirus vaccine was organized in Finland in February‐March 1985 in order to stop the unexpected outbreak of poliomyelitis. Excretion time of the vaccine viruses and antibody responses due to vaccination were studied in a group of healthy 6‐year‐old children who were classmates to one of the patients during the outbreak and who also had been screened for excretion of the epidemic poliovirus type 3 strain. While faecal excretion of at least one of the three vaccine virus serotypes was documented in all 19 children, only one throat specimen out of 106 studied was positive in the virus isolation test. The mean excretion times for types 1, 2, and 3 were 13, 21, and 21 days, respectively, and five children were still excreting a vaccine virus strain at 5 wk. Faecal excretion of the type 3 vaccine virus was not seen in children who had been excreting the epidemic type 3 strain 4 mo earlier. Excretion of a respective vaccine virus strain was usually well correlated to a booster response in serum neutralising antibodies to types 2 and 3 but not to type 1 poliovirus. A relatively high prevaccination antibody level did not always prevent the take of the corresponding vaccine virus strain. An increase in the level of neutralising serum antibodies towards at least one poliovirus serotype was observed in all but one of the 17 children studied. Antibody responses to the live vaccine strains were similar to those towards the corresponding nonattenuated strains while the absolute antibody titres against the epidemic P3/Finland/23127/84 strain remained relatively low in most sera studied. These results support the view that the 1984 poliomyelitis outbreak in Finland was caused by an antigenically unusual strain of P3. Regular poliovirus vaccines can, however, be used to improve the humoral immunity to these strains as well.
Peroxidase‐anti‐peroxidase detection of hepatitis B surface and core antigen in liver biopsy specimens from patients with chronic type B hepatitis
Authors: Yoo Jae Young , Howard Ruby , Waggoner Jeanne G. , Hoofnagle Jay H. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractLiver biopsy specimens from 58 American patients with chronic type B hepatitis were investigated for the presence and distribution of the hepatitis B core (HBcAg) and surface (HBsAg) antigens by peroxidase‐anti‐peroxidase techniques. HBsAg was detected in 43 (77%) and HBcAg in 52 (90%) patients. HBcAg was present in 50 of 51 (98%) patients with hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) but in only two of seven (29%) of patients with antibody to HBeAg (anti‐HBe). There was no correlation between severity of hepatitis or height of aminotransferase activities and the amount of HBsAg or HBcAg in hepatocytes but there was a positive correlation between amount of HBcAg and height of HBV‐DNA and DNA polymerase activity in serum. Follow‐up liver biopsies, taken 1 to 3 yr later, were available from 39 patients. HBcAg remained detectable in 25 of 26 patients with persistence of HBeAg but disappeared in 12 patients who had lost HBeAg.In nine patients, HBcAg was cytoplasmic as well as nuclear in distribution. Seven of these patients had an intense lobular hepatitis with marked elevations in aminotransferase activities. These findings indicate that the amount of HBcAg in liver correlates with the amount of serum hepatitis B virus as quantified by serum levels of DNA polymerase and HBV‐DNA. The amount of nuclear HBcAg does not correlate with the severity of the liver disease, but the presence of cytoplasmic HBcAg usually reflects an active and severe ongoing hepatitis.
Inactivation of 1015 chimpanzee‐infectious doses of hepatitis B virus during preparation of a heat‐inactivated hepatitis B vaccine
Authors: Lelie P. N. , Reesink H. W. , Niessen J. , Brotman B. , Prince A. M. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe safety of a plasma‐derived hepatitis‐B vaccine inactivated by two heating steps (90 sec at 103 °C followed by 10 hr pasteurization at 65 °C) was validated in chimpanzees; 103 chimpanzee‐infectious doses (CID50) of hepatitis‐B virus (HBV), subjected to the purification steps during production of the vaccine, were noninfectious in two chimpanzees. Furthermore, 106 CID50 of HBV heated at 103 °C for 90 sec and another l06 CID50 of HBV heated at 65 °C for 10 hr, were also not infectious in two other chimpanzees. All animals developed hepatitis‐B infection after subsequent challenge with the untreated starting material, before the respective purification and inactivation procedures. Thus, the total reduction of infectivity of HBV during production of this vaccine was established to be at least 1015 CID50.
An outbreak of gastroenteritis in a home for the elderly associated with astrovirus type 1 and human calicivirus
Authors: Gray J. J. , Wreghitt T. G. , Cubitt W. D. , Elliot P. R. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe describe an outbreak of gastroenteritis, which lasted for 22 days in a residential home for the elderly. The outbreak was biphasic and affected 34/42 (80%) residents and 13/29 (44%) members of the staff. Calicivirus was associated with cases of illness during the first 9 days of the outbreak, and astrovirus type 1 with cases arising between days 16 to 22. Although the symptoms were generally mild, the resources required and the inconvenience caused were considerable.
Immunogenicity of low doses of hepatitis B vaccine in children: A study in 650 New Zealand children
Authors: Milne Alexander , Dimitrakakis Mary , Allwood Geoffrey , Lucas Ron , Moyes Chris , Pearce Neil 
Published: March 2007

AbstractSix hundred and fifty New Zealand children from 2–12 years of age were vaccinated three times with 2 mcg intramuscular (IM) doses of Merck Sharp and Dohme plasma‐derived hepatitis B vaccine (H‐B‐Vax), at 0, 1, and 6 months, and tested 2‐‐3 months later for antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti‐HBs) by radioimmunoassay (RIA). Overall, 96.5% of the children seroconverted for anti‐HBs by RIA, having levels greater than 2.1 RIA S/N units, with 91.2% having values greater than 10 S/N units. Anti‐HBs levels were also determined by enzyme immunoassay (EIA), by which method a significantly better response was demonstrated in 24‐year‐olds than in older children. This study demonstrated that a satisfactory anti‐HBs response was obtained using one‐fifth of the recommended doses of hepatitis B vaccine.