bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Study on Postpartum Metritis in Iraqi Buffalo Cows: Bacterial Causes and Treatment
Authors: Azawi OI , Omran SN , Hadad JJ 
Published: March 2008

ContentsThe objectives of the present study were to determine the relationship between bacteriological findings, clinical signs and histopathological changes in postpartum metritis. Evaluation of the treatment efficiency of using systemic or intra‐uterine infusion of antibiotics with some hormonal preparations for the treatment of postpartum metritis. Data were collected from 50 buffalo cows with history of calving of more than 1 month. All buffaloes were subjected to detailed clinical examination including external inspection, vaginoscopy and transrectal palpation of the cervix, uterus and ovaries. Swabs for bacteriology and biopsies for histopathology were collected from uterine lumen from each buffalo included in the present study. Bacteria identified using API systems following aerobic and anaerobic cultures. Vaginal mucus scored for character, odour and estimation of polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs). Treatment conducted using oxytetracycline in local intrauterine infusion or systemically with hormonal treatment including prostaglandinF2α (PGF2α) and oestradiol benzoate. Results revealed that the most predisposing factor for postpartum uterine infection was retained placenta and toxic puerperal metritis. The most prevalent bacteria in uterine lumen were Escherichia coli, Archanobacterium pyogenes, Bacteroides fragilis and Fusobacterium necrophorum the most prevalent bacteria in buffaloes with postpartum metritis. A. pyogenes and F. necrophorum were an important pathogens causing severe uterine inflammation as found in histopathological examinations. Buffaloes with postpartum metritis showed good clinical cure when oxytetracycline injected systemically with PGF2α. Intrauterine infusion of oxytetracycline had no advantage for the treatment of uterine infection in buffalo cows with postpartum metritis. PGF2α improved clinical cure of buffaloes with postpartum metritis.
The Relationship Among Vitamin C, β‐carotene, Vitamin A, Progesterone and Oestradiol 17‐β Concentrations in Plasma and Cyst Fluid of Holstein Cows with Ovarian Cyst
Authors: Haliloglu S , Erdem H , Serpek B , Tekeli T , Bulut Z 
Published: March 2008

ContentsThe aims of this study were to determine the concentrations of the progesterone, oestradiol‐17‐β, vitamin A, C and β‐carotene in plasma and cyst fluid and to relate these values with cystic diameter and membrane thickness of Holstein cattle with ovarian luteal cyst. 1650 Holstein cows were examined for the presence of the ovarian cyst and luteal and follicular cystic ovaries were obtained following slaughtering in personal slaughterhouse in Konya‐Turkey. 15 Luteal and 15 follicular cystic ovaries were distinguished by rectal palpation and by post mortem ultrasonographic examination. Plasma and cyst fluid, hormone and vitamin analyses were carried out by EIA method and spectrophotometric measurement respectively. Although there was no relationship between β‐carotene and vitamin A in plasma and cyst fluid of both cyst type and hormone concentrations, the vitamin C concentration of cyst fluid was found significantly higher in luteal cyst than in follicular cyst. Moreover, there is a positive correlation among values of the vitamin C concentrations of cyst fluid and cystic membrane thickness, plasma and the cyst fluid progesterone concentrations, but there is a negative correlation among the vitamin C concentrations of cystic fluid and oestradiol 17β levels of plasma and cyst fluid. In conclusion, vitamin C concentration of cyst fluid supported ultrasonographic and endocrinologic findings. Also, it can be postulated that vitamin C is probably effective on progesterone synthesis in the luteal tissue of cyst.
IGG4‐RELATED SCLEROSING LYMPHOPLASMACYTIC PANCREATITIS AND CHOLANGITIS MIMICKING CARCINOMA OF PANCREAS AND KLATSKIN TUMOUR
Authors: Cheung Moon‐Tong , Lai‐Oi Lo Irene 
Published: March 2008

Background:  Autoimmune sclerosing pancreatitis is a well‐known disease entity for years, particularly recognizing the difficulty in distinguishing it from malignancy. Immunohistochemical study showed that immunoglobulin IgG4 staining was positive in plasma cells of some autoimmune pancreatitis or cholangitis. The term ‘autoimmune sclerosing pancreatocholangitis’ was used as it was believed that they belonged to a range of disease involving both pancreas and biliary tree. It may also be part of a systemic fibro‐inflammatory disease.Patients and Methods:  All the patients suffering from immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4)‐related pancreatitis and cholangitis from May 2003 to September 2006 in Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong were retrospectively studied.Results:  A total of five patients with clinical diagnosis of IgG4‐related autoimmune pancreatitis or cholangitis were analysed. All presented with jaundice or abdominal pain, mimicking carcinoma. Two patients had major resection, two patients were diagnosed by intraoperative biopsy and one was based on serum IgG4 level.Conclusion:  With the growing awareness of this relatively recently characterized clinical entity and its similar presentation to pancreatic carcinoma or bile duct cholangiocarcinoma, it is important for autoimmune sclerosing pancreatocholangitis to be included in the differential diagnosis of pancreaticobiliary disease. The management strategy has shown to be modified – from major resection to intraoperative biopsy and to the assay of serum IgG4 level without the necessity of histology confirmation.
EFFECT OF MULTIORGAN DONATION AFTER CARDIAC DEATH RETRIEVAL ON LUNG PERFORMANCE
Authors: Snell Gregory I. , Levvey Bronwyn , Oto Takahiro , McEgan Robin , Mennan Mark , Eriksson Leif , Williams Trevor , Rosenfeldt Franklin 
Published: March 2008

Aim:  For donation after cardiac death (DCD) transplantation to achieve its full potential, multiorgan retrieval is desirable. Although there are several novel individual techniques recently described for DCD lung donation, they have not been evaluated or compared in a DCD multiorgan scenario.Description:  This study describes (i) the technical aspects and (ii) early lung and abdominal organ performance of several combinations of DCD donor liver, kidney and lung retrieval techniques that would mimic common DCD clinical scenarios.Evaluation:  Lung oxygenation, urine production, bile production and biochemical measures were assessed as the outcome of a complex ex vivo lung, liver and kidney perfusion DCD model.Conclusion:  Successful ex vivo multiorgan perfusion was possible following the three retrieval techniques tested, with excellent oxygenation over a 2‐h assessment period, identical to prior studies where the lungs were tested alone. Multiorgan DCD retrieval, including lungs of good quality, is possible from a variety of clinical scenarios and should therefore be considered with all DCD retrieval opportunities.
POTENTIAL FOR CONTAMINATION OF ORTHOPAEDIC IMPLANTS USING INDIVIDUALLY WRAPPED SCREWS
Authors: Crick Brad , Chua Soong , Canty James , McCullough Keith 
Published: March 2008

Background:  There has been an anecdotal shift away from screw banks in orthopaedic surgery in preference for individually wrapped screws. Our hypothesis is that opening individually wrapped items introduces a possible source of contamination of the surgical set‐up and repeated opening compounds this potential. Theoretically, this could pose a greater infection risk to the patient than the alternative of a screw bank.Methods:  One hundred screws were double wrapped in an identical fashion to the standard practice at our hospital. We used Glitterbug (Glitterbug cream is a commercially available product available from Brevis Corporation, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA) cream, which is designed to be near invisible to the naked eye but visible under ultraviolet light. After bathing their hands in the cream, 5 theatre nurses opened 20 screws as if being carried out during an operation. Ultraviolet light was used to evaluate transfer of the cream. Samples were considered positive if there was any evidence of fluorescence under ultraviolet light. Five screw banks were also opened and inspected using the same methods for comparison.Results:  We identified contamination in one of the 100 screws. No contamination of the inner packaging of the screw banks was observed. At no stage did any participants believe that contamination had occurred.Conclusions:  This study has shown that the opening of individually wrapped items increases the risk for potential contamination of an operative field, suggesting that the move towards using individually wrapped components for surgery warrants further investigation. We believe that orthopaedic operating theatres should consider the use of screw banks to minimize the risk of contamination.
CLINICAL IMPACT OF ONCOPLASTIC SURGERY IN A SPECIALIST BREAST PRACTICE
Authors: Kollias James , Davies Giles , Bochner Melissa A. , Gill Peter G. 
Published: March 2008

Background:  Oncoplastic breast surgery is an integral and fundamental component of the clinical management of breast cancer. The aim of this study was to determine the proportion of oncoplastic and reconstructive breast cancer procedures undertaken within a specialist breast practice.Methods:  An audit of breast‐related cancer procedures was undertaken for patients with early breast cancer between 1 January 2001 and 31 December 2005, treated at the Royal Adelaide Hospital and in private practice. The proportion of oncoplastic and breast reconstructive procedures was calculated to determine the clinical effects on a specialist breast‐surgical practice.Results:  Breast cancer resection procedures accounted for 1514 of 2113 of operations (72%). Most of these (897 of 1514, 59.2%) were wide local excision or re‐excision procedures. Total breast reconstruction operations (i.e. autogenous tissue flaps, tissue expander/implant reconstructions) accounted for 251 procedures. Of these, 67 (26.7%) were carried out at the time of simple mastectomy. Contralateral breast procedures (i.e. reduction mammaplasty, mastopexy and augmentation) accounted for 138 procedures and nipple–areola reconstruction/tattoo accounted for 153 procedures. Oncoplastic procedures, such as skin‐sparing mastectomy, latissimus dorsi miniflap and therapeutic mammaplasty accounted for 57 of 599 procedures (9.5%). Breast reconstruction and oncoplastic operations accounted for 599 of 2113 procedures (28%).Conclusion:  Specialist breast surgeons trained in breast reconstruction and oncoplastic techniques can expect a substantial proportion of their breast practice to include such operative procedures (28% in this series). Subspecialist training in breast surgery should incorporate experience in breast reconstructive and aesthetic surgery for trainees who wish to practise as specialist breast surgeons in the future.
Dragon Children: Identifying the Causal Effect of the First Child on Female Labour Supply with the Chinese Lunar Calendar*
Authors: Vere James P. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractInstrumental variables (IV) estimates of the effect of fertility on female labour supply have only been able to identify the causal effect of second and higher parity children. This study uses exogenous variation in fertility caused by the Chinese lunar calendar to identify the effect of the first child. Additionally, weighting formulas are presented to interpret IV estimates as weighted average treatment effects in the case of multiple endogenous variables, which are useful when children vary in intensity by both number and age. The effect of the first child is found to be much greater than that of other children.
Causes of the first AIDS‐defining illness and subsequent survival before and after the advent of combined antiretroviral therapy*
Authors: Grabar S , Lanoy E , Allavena C , Mary‐Krause M , Bentata M , Fischer P , Mahamat A , Rabaud C , Costagliola D ,   on behalf of the Clinical Epidemiology Group of the French Hospital Database on HIV
Published: March 2008

ObjectivesTo analyse the impact of combined antiretroviral treatment (cART) on survival with AIDS, according to the nature of the first AIDS‐defining clinical illness (ADI); to examine trends in AIDS‐defining causes (ADC) and non‐AIDS‐defining causes (non‐ADC) of death.MethodsFrom the French Hospital Database on HIV, we studied trends in the nature of the first ADI and subsequent survival in France during three calendar periods: the pre‐cART period (1993–1995; 8027 patients), the early cART period (1998–2000; 3504 patients) and the late cART period (2001–2003; 2936 patients).ResultsThe three most frequent initial ADIs were Pneumocystis carinii (jirovecii) pneumonia (PCP) (15.6%), oesophageal candidiasis (14.3%) and Kaposi's sarcoma (13.9%) in the pre‐cART period. In the late cART period, the most frequent ADIs were tuberculosis (22.7%), PCP (19.1%) and oesophageal candidiasis (16.2%). The risk of death after a first ADI fell significantly after the arrival of cART. Lower declines were observed for progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, lymphoma and Mycobacterium avium complex infection. After an ADI, the 3‐year risk of death from an ADC fell fivefold between the pre‐cART and late cART periods (39%vs. 8%), and fell twofold for non‐ADCs (17%vs. 9%).ConclusionsThe relative frequencies of initial ADI have changed since the advent of cART. Tuberculosis is now the most frequent initial ADI in France; this is probably the result of the increasing proportion of migrants from sub‐Saharan Africa. After a first ADI, cART has a major impact on ADCs and a smaller impact on deaths from other causes. The risk of death from AIDS and from other causes is now similar.
Atazanavir and lopinavir with ritonavir alone or in combination: analysis of pharmacokinetic interaction and predictors of drug exposure
Authors: Di Giambenedetto S , De Luca A , Villani P , Bacarelli A , Ragazzoni E , Regazzi M , Cauda R , Navarra P 
Published: March 2008

ObjectivesStudies on the pharmacokinetic interaction between atazanavir and lopinavir with ritonavir (lopinavir/ritonavir) report contradictory results. We aimed to establish the in vivo interaction between these two protease inhibitors as well as the variables influencing drug exposure.MethodsPharmacokinetic parameters were investigated in HIV‐infected patients treated with atazanavir 300 mg with ritonavir 100 mg q24h (group A) or lopinavir/ritonavir 400/100 mg q12h (group B) or atazanavir 300 mg q24h with lopinavir/ritonavir 400/100 mg q12h (group C). Patients receiving other concomitant protease inhibitors or non‐nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors were excluded.ResultsIn group A (n=10), mean ± standard deviation atazanavir Cmin was 390 ± 460 ng/mL, Cmax 3051 ± 1996 ng/mL and AUC24 29 913 ± 17 686 ng/mL/h. In group B (n=9), lopinavir Cmin was 7562 ± 4292 ng/mL, Cmax 12 944 ± 4838 ng/mL and AUC0–12 122 313 ± 38 225 ng/mL/h. In group C (n=7), atazanavir Cmin was 876 ± 460 ng/mL (P=0.039 vs. group A), Cmax 3421 ± 3399 ng/mL and AUC0–24 65 055 ± 49 843 ng/mL/h (two‐sided P>0.05 for each comparison with group A), lopinavir Cmin was 7471 ± 3745 ng/mL, Cmax 10 143 ± 5217 ng/mL and AUC0–12 104 501 ± 43 565 ng/mL/h (P>0.05 for each comparison with group B). When analysing all the groups, including controls from routine clinical practice, higher body mass index was associated with lower atazanavir Cmin and with lower lopinavir Cmax. Atazanavir Cmin showed a correlation with total bilirubin levels.ConclusionsCombination with lopinavir/ritonavir provides higher atazanavir Cmin than combination with ritonavir alone, possibly because of an effect of the additional ritonavir dose. Low BMI may be associated with higher drug exposure.
Exhumation of a Variscan orogenic complex: insights into the composite granulitic–amphibolitic metamorphic basement of south‐east Corsica (France)
Authors: GIACOMINI F. , DALLAI L. , CARMINATI E. , TIEPOLO M. , GHEZZO C. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractA structural, petrological and geochronological (U‐Th‐Pb of zircon and monazite) study reveals that the lower crust sequences of the Variscan high‐grade basement cropping out between Solenzara and Porto Vecchio, south‐east Corsica (France) have been tectonically juxtaposed along with middle crustal rocks during the extrusion of the orogenic root of the Variscan chain. We propose that a system of high‐temperature, orogen‐parallel shear zones that developed under a transpressive dextral tectonic regime caused the exhumation of the entire sequence. This tectonic complex is thus made up of rocks having undergone different P–T conditions (eclogite‐?, high‐pressure granulite facies and amphibolite facies) at different times, reflecting the progressive foreland migration of the orogenic front. The Solenzara granulites were derived from burial of continental crust to high‐pressure (1.8–1.4 GPa) and high‐ to ultrahigh‐temperature conditions (900–1000 °C) during the Variscan convergence: U–Pb ELA‐ICPMS zircon dating constrained the timing of this metamorphism at c. 360 Ma. The gneisses cropping out at Porto Vecchio are middle crustal‐level rocks that reached their peak temperature conditions (700–750 °C at <1.0 GPa) at c. 340 Ma. The diachronism of the metamorphic events, the foliation patterns and their geometry suggest that the granulites were exhumed to middle crustal levels through channel flow tectonics under continuous compression. The amphibolite facies gneisses of Porto Vecchio and the granulites of Solenzara were accreted through the development of a major dextral mylonitic zone forming under amphibolite facies conditions: in situ monazite isotope dating (ELA‐ICPMS) revealed that this deformation occurred at c. 320 Ma and was accompanied by the emplacement of syntectonic high‐K melts. A final HTLP static overprint, constrained at 312–308 Ma by monazite U‐Th‐Pb isotope dating, is related to the emplacement of the igneous products of the Sardinia‐Corsica batholith and marks the transition from the Variscan orogenic event to the Permian extension.
Allele Frequencies of 15 STR Loci in the Population of the City of Quito, Ecuador
Authors: Gómez María Atilia , Peñaherrera María Serena , Aguirre‐Tello Víctor , Vela‐Cavinato Margarita , Giovambattista Guillermo 
Published: March 2008

Population:Quito City Population (Ecuador, South America, n = 116–207).
Recruited Resistance
Authors: Foley John F. 
Published: March 2008

Type II diabetes is characterized by abnormal glucose homeostasis due to increased insulin resistance. Glucose metabolism leads to the formation of uridine diphosphate-
N
-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc), an indicator of metabolic status, and
O
-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) transfers
O
-GlcNAc to target proteins. Because
O
-GlcNAc affects protein function, Yang
et al
. investigated whether
O
-GlcNAc linked metabolism with insulin signaling. Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-mediated phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate [PI(3,4,5)P
3
] generation in response to insulin recruits insulin receptor substrate (IRS) proteins and Akt to the plasma membrane to mediate IR signaling. The authors found that OGT, which does not contain any known PIP-binding domain, bound to PI(3,4,5)P
3
-coated beads, whereas the OGT mutant KK/AA, in which 2 C-terminal lysine residues were mutated to alanines, did not. Fluorescence imaging of COS-7 cells that expressed either OGT or KK/AA fused to green fluorescent protein (GFP) showed translocation of OGT-GFP, but not KK/AA-GFP, to the plasma membrane after treatment of starved cells with serum, which was blocked by inhibition of PI3K. Endogenous OGT colocalized with Akt at the plasma membrane of serum-treated cells. Adenoviral overexpression of OGT in adipocytes inhibited insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of Akt and increased inhibitory phosphorylation of IRS-1 on serine residues compared with control cells, modifications that are associated with decreased insulin responsiveness. Immunoprecipitation assays confirmed the modification of insulin signaling proteins by OGT. Mice whose livers were treated with adenovirus that expressed OGT had a higher abundance of plasma insulin, decreased basal glucose turnover, and decreased expression of insulin-dependent genes compared to those treated with adenovirus that expressed KK/AA. This study shows that OGT inhibits insulin responsiveness in a PI3K-dependent mechanism, leading the authors to suggest that this may play a role in the development of insulin resistance in type II diabetes.

X. Yang, P. P. Ongusaha, P. D. Miles, J. C. Havstad, F. Zhang, W. V. So, J. E. Kudlow, R. H. Michell, J. M. Olefsky, S. J. Field, R. M. Evans, Phosphoinositide signalling links
O
-GlcNAc transferase to insulin resistance.
Nature
451
, 964-969 (2008).
[PubMed]
EXAMPLES OF FORCED SYMMETRY-BREAKING TO HOMOCLINIC CYCLES IN THREE-DIMENSIONAL EUCLIDEAN-INVARIANT SYSTEMS
Authors: PARKER M. J. , STEWART IAN , GOMES M. G. M. 
Published: March 2008

We study perturbations of cubic planforms, proving there exists perturbations with homoclinic cycles between persistent steady states. Our results do not depend on the representation of the symmetry group of the lattice, and are thus quite general. The problem is studied using group theory rather than direct methods. We use the abstract action of the symmetry group of the perturbation on the group orbit to determine the existence of zero- and one-dimensional flow-invariant subspaces. The residual symmetry of the perturbation constrains the flows on these subspaces and, in certain cases, homoclinic cycles are guaranteed to exist. Cubic planforms are physically interesting due to their relevance to certain physical systems. Applications to reaction–diffusion systems, nonlinear optical systems and the polyacrylamide methylene blue oxygen reaction are discussed.