bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Three-Dimensional Morphology of the Palate in Subjects with Unilateral Complete Cleft Lip and Palate at the Stage of Permanent Dentition
Authors: Šmahel Zbynek , Trefný Pavel , Formánek Pavel , Müllerová Živa , Peterka Miroslav 
Published: January 2007

Objective Three-dimensional analysis of palate size and shape in patients with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) at the stage of permanent dentition. Subjects Thirty randomly selected dental casts of boys approximately 15 years old with complete UCLP and 28 dental casts of normal boys of the same age. Interventions All patients underwent lip repair according to Tennison with primary periosteoplasty (mean age 8.5 months) and palate repair by pushback and pharyngeal flap surgery (mean age 4.9 years). Main Outcome Measures Data on the palate height in 210 defined locations. Results The palate in patients with UCLP was narrower throughout its whole extent, more anteriorly than posteriorly. From the canines posteriorly, it was also lower, and the difference as compared with controls increased in a posterior direction up to the level of second premolars (up to 30%) and then slightly diminished (to 21% between the first molars). The reduction of area of transverse sections reached 45% between premolars and 39% between first molars. The palate in the anterior portion was highest on the cleft side and in a posterior direction the maximum height of the palate shifted toward the midline and even beyond that line toward the noncleft side. Palatal height did not depend on dentoalveolar arch width. Conclusion The smaller width and height of the palate confirm the substantially reduced space for the tongue in patients with UCLP. The reduction is only slightly larger than in previously examined patients with isolated cleft palate. Palatal vault is asymmetrical, highest anteriorly on the cleft side and posteriorly on the noncleft side.
Multilineage Differentiation and Characterization of the Human Fetal Osteoblastic 1.19 Cell Line: A Possible In Vitro Model of Human Mesenchymal Progenitors
Authors: Yen Men-luh , Chien Chih-Cheng , Chiu Ing-ming , Huang Hsing-I , Chen Yao-Chang , Hu Hsin-I , Yen B. Linju 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe in vitro study of human bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BMMSCs) has largely depended on the use of primary cultures. Although these are excellent model systems, their scarcity, heterogeneity, and limited lifespan restrict their usefulness. This has led researchers to look for other sources of MSCs, and recently, such a population of progenitor/stem cells has been found in mesodermal tissues, including bone. We therefore hypothesized that a well-studied and commercially available clonal human osteoprogenitor cell line, the fetal osteoblastic 1.19 cell line (hFOB), may have multilineage differentiation potential. We found that undifferentiated hFOB cells possess similar cell surface markers as BMMSCs and also express the embryonic stem cell-related pluripotency gene, Oct-4, as well as the neural progenitor marker nestin. hFOB cells can also undergo multilineage differentiation into the mesodermal lineages of chondrogenic and adipocytic cell types in addition to its predetermined pathway, the mature osteoblast. Moreover, as with BMMSCs, under neural-inducing conditions, hFOB cells acquire a neural-like phenotype. This human cell line has been a widely used model of normal osteoblast differentiation. Our data suggest that hFOB cells may provide for researchers an easily available, homogeneous, and consistent in vitro model for study of human mesenchymal progenitor cells.
Integrable three-dimensional coupled nonlinear dynamical systems related to centrally extended operator Lie algebras and their Lax type three-linearization
Authors: Golenia J. , Hentosh O. , Prykarpatsky A. 
Published: January 2007

Abstract
The Hamiltonian representation for a hierarchy of Lax type equations on a dual space to the Lie algebra of integro-differential operators with matrix coefficients, extended by evolutions for eigenfunctions and adjoint eigenfunctions of the corresponding spectral problems, is obtained via some special Bäcklund transformation. The connection of this hierarchy with integrable by Lax two-dimensional Davey-Stewartson type systems is studied.
A family of regular vertex operator algebras with two generators
Authors: Adamović Dražen 
Published: January 2007

Abstract
For every m ∈ ℂ ∖ {0, −2} and every nonnegative integer k we define the vertex operator (super)algebra D
m,k having two generators and rank
$$\frac{{3m}}{{m + 2}}$$
. If m is a positive integer then D
m,k can be realized as a subalgebra of a lattice vertex algebra. In this case, we prove that D
m,k is a regular vertex operator (super) algebra and find the number of inequivalent irreducible modules.
Effect of a minor vitamin A deficiency on the course of infection with Ascaridia galli (Schrank, 1788) and the resistance of chickens
Authors: Idi A. , Permin A. , Jensen S. , Murrell K. 
Published: January 2007

Abstract
The effect of vitamin A deficiency was studied in chickens infected with 500 Ascaridia galli eggs and controls. Diet 1 (deficient, 500 IU vitamin A or 172 μg retinol acetate per kg diet), Diet 2 (deficient, 1000 IU vitamin A or 344 μg retinol acetate per kg diet) and Diet 3 (sufficient, 1500 IU vitamin A or 516 μg retinol acetate per kg diet) were assigned to 46 chickens each. Clinical signs, weight gains, livers’ weights, vitamin A levels, worm burdens and parasite eggs’ excretions were recorded.
Infected chickens had lower weight gains than the controls fed alike. Chickens given Diet 1 stored lesser vitamin A in liver than those fed Diet 3. Although worm counts in the 3 groups did not differ significantly, chickens fed Diet 1 excreted more A. galli eggs than those fed the 2 other diets. Female worms harboured by chickens fed Diet 1 had higher fecundity at week 5 pi than those of chickens fed Diet 2. Results indicated that Vitamin A is important for poultry in the moderation of the infection with A. galli.
Elegance in the Age of Digital Technique
Authors: Rahim Ali , Jamelle Hina 
Published: January 2007

AbstractAli Rahim and Hina Jamelle of Contemporary Architecture Practice introduce this issue of AD by exploring how elegance represents a maturity in digital design practice. In order to undertake this new level of formal sophistication, mastery of technique and innate creative ability have to be combined with a multilayered design complexity. It is only then that the architect is able to fully tackle the multiple constraints and external demands of a project in gestation. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Frozen Void: The Elegant Affect of the Evolved Object
Authors: Sotamaa Kivi 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe notion of elegance tends to focus on the finished object ‐ the complete and seamless work ‐ rather than the expression of process per se. Here, Kivi Sotamaa shows how he set out with his Frozen Void ‘to achieve an elegant affect in the evolved object’. In so doing, he reveals how this type of intensification is, in fact, fundamental to the emergence of the new elegance, where intensity renders a greater potential for features within the surface to emerge to different parameters. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Arguing for Elegance
Authors: Schumacher Patrik 
Published: January 2007

AbstractPatrik Schumacher of Zaha Hadid Architects describes how elegance in architecture thrives on and articulates complexity. For elegance to be fully expressed in any work, it must be mastered and refined throughout the building and construction process. This entails the refinement of spatial and structural organisation and the integration of all building systems that are systemic, inflecting and adapt to each other, providing an overall intelligence of assembly. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Surface Continuity: An Elegant Integration
Authors: Rahim Ali , Jamelle Hina 
Published: January 2007

AbstractElegance in architecture owes much to a finely honed calibration of scale. Ali Rahim and Hina Jamelle describe how Greg Lynn FORM's designs for the DADA SpA competition in Florence and the BMW Leipzig Factory express a sophisticated understanding of the relationship of individual parts to the whole. In both projects, a carefully modulated family of interrelated parts anticipate future users' desire for spatial flexibility. The scale also allows for changes and transformations in surfaces' form. Smooth transitions are assured by material suppleness and enhanced by atmospheric artificial lighting. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Elegance, Attenuation, and Geometry: Herta and Paul Amir Building, Tel Aviv Museum of Art
Authors: Scott Cohen Preston 
Published: January 2007

AbstractPreston Scott Cohen explores the elegant through the eye of projective geometry. He finds ‘fruitful lessons’ in the architecture of the Baroque, which offers a historical model of anamorphosis (the extreme perspectival condition in which an image appears distorted) and tectonic distortion. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Economies of Elegance Migrating Coastlines: Residential Tower, Dubai
Authors: Rahim Ali , Jamelle Hina 
Published: January 2007

AbstractAli Rahim and Hina Jamelle of Contemporary Architecture Practice describe how they have been able to design distinct features into their residential tower in Dubai that imbue its complex architecture with a rich aesthetic sensibility. Their skilful use of the digital algorithm has enabled them not only to develop interrelated models that allow for the collaboration of different industries, but also to deliver elegance to a construction budget. It is a design strategy that has further assisted in the development and implementation of innovative marketing techniques for the sale of individual apartments. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Performing Elegance
Authors: Rashid Hani 
Published: January 2007

AbstractAt the level of global culture, the impact of elegant buildings is magnified where there is a seamless integration of complex parts and fabrication expressed through a mastery of techniques and transformative set of features. Hani Rashid of Asymptote explains how, in working at an international scale, the practice is now seeking to propagate innovative design through a ‘developed understanding of the multiple levels of local responses that affect both local and global conditions’. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
(K)not a Loop
Authors: Yoon Meejin 
Published: January 2007

AbstractFor Meejin Yoon of MY Studio the creation of a Möbius‐strip dress was an opportunity to explore ‘surface as a seamless transformative condition between interior and exterior’. It is a piece that through its differentiation and continuity of surface provides a wholly architectural interpretation of the elegant. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Terence Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research
Authors: Stanwick Sean 
Published: January 2007

AbstractIn 2006, the spotlight has very much been on the Modern Movement, with the major exhibition at the V&A in London ‐ ‘Modernism: Designing a New World 1914‐1936’. Here, Edward Denison describes how Giuseppe Pettazzi's Fiat Tagliero service station in Asmara in Eritrea, East Africa, epitomised Italy's futuristic ambitions for a new colony. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A real reason for patients with pseudobulbar affect to smile
Authors: Rosen Howard J. , Cummings Jeffrey 
Published: January 2007

AbstractPseudobulbar affect (PBA) is a dramatic disorder of emotional expression and regulation characterized by uncontrollable episodes of laughing and crying that often cause embarrassment, curtailment of social activities, and reduction in quality of life. The disorder occurs in patients with brain injury caused by many types of neurological disease, including stroke, tumors, and neurodegenerative gray and white matter disorders. Although the pathophysiology is unknown, PBA may relate to release of brainstem emotional control centers from regulation by the frontal lobes. Diagnosis of PBA can be difficult and relies on careful characterization of episodes and differentiation from depression. Although there are no US Food and Drug Administration–approved treatments for PBA, several agents have been shown to be effective, including tricyclic antidepressants, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, and a new agent containing dextromethorphan and quinidine. The growing number of treatment options, some of great benefit to patients, highlights the importance of accurate diagnosis of this disorder. Ann Neurol 2007
1,3‐Dipolare Cycloaddition von Aziden und Alkinen: eine universelle Ligationsmethode in den Polymer‐ und Materialwissenschaften
Authors: Lutz Jean‐François 
Published: January 2007

AbstractIm Jahr 2001 stellten K. Barry Sharpless und Mitarbeiter in der Angewandten Chemie das Konzept der Klick‐Chemie vor, die eine Handvoll annähernd perfekt ablaufender chemischer Reaktionen umfasst. Unter diesen sorgfältig ausgewählten Reaktionen stellten sich 1,3‐dipolare Cycloadditionen nach Huisgen als die effizientesten und wandlungsfähigsten Reaktionen heraus und avancierten damit zum Paradebeispiel für die Klick‐Chemie. Aus diesem Grund erlangte dieser ursprünglich vernachlässigte Reaktionstyp plötzlich große Bedeutung in der organischen Synthese; speziell in den Materialwissenschaften wurden Cycloadditionen populär. Innerhalb der letzten zwei Jahre stieg die Zahl der Publikationen, die sich mit dem Thema Klick‐Chemie befassen, exponentiell an. Klick‐Chemie: Ein Wundermittel oder ein kurzlebiger Trend?
Shape‐ and Functionality‐Controlled Organization of TiO2–Porphyrin–C60 Assemblies for Improved Performance of Photochemical Solar Cells
Authors: Hasobe Taku , Fukuzumi Shunichi , Hattori Shigeki , Kamat Prashant V. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractShape‐ and functionality‐controlled organization of porphyrin derivatives–C60 supramolecular assemblies using TiO2 nanotubes and nanoparticles has been achieved for the development of photochemical solar cells. The differences in the efficiency of light‐energy conversion of these solar cells are explained on the basis of the geometrical orientation of the porphyrins with respect to the TiO2 surface and the supramolecular complex formed with C60. The maximum photon‐conversion efficiency (IPCE) of 60 % obtained with TiO2 nanotube architecture is higher than the value obtained with nanoparticle architecture. The results presented in this study show the importance of substrate morphology in promoting electron transport within the mesoscopic semiconductor film.
Effect of the electrical currents generated by the intestinal smooth muscle layers on pancreatic enzyme activity: An in vitro study
Authors: Dąbek Marta , Podgurniak Paweł , Piedra Jose L. Valverde , Szymańczyk Sylwia , Filip Rafał , Wojtasz‐Pająk Anna , Werpachowska Eliza , Podgurniak Malgorzata , Pierzynowski Stefan G. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractGut enzymes in the small intestine are exposed to extremely low electrical currents (ELEC) generated by the smooth muscle. In the present study, the in vitro tests were undertaken to evaluate the effect of these electric currents on the activity of the proteolytic pancreatic digestive enzymes. A simulator generating the typical electrical activity of pig gut was used for these studies. The electric current emitted by the simulator was transmitted to the samples, containing enzyme and its substrate, using platinum plate electrodes. All samples were incubated at 37 °C for 1 h. The changes in optical density, corresponding to enzyme activity, in samples stimulated for 1 h with ELEC was compared with that not exposed to ELEC. The obtained results show that the electrical current with the characteristics of the myoelectrical migrating complex (MMC) has an influence on pancreatic enzyme activity. Increased endopeptidase and reduced exopeptidase activity was noticed in samples treated with ELEC. This observation can be of important as analyzed factors which can alter enzymatic activity of the gut, can thus also affect feed/food digestibility. Bioelectromagnetics 28:275–280, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Impact of three‐dimensional characteristics of the left main coronary artery bifurcation on outcome of crush stenting
Authors: Murasato Yoshinobu 
Published: January 2007

AbstractBackground: Crush stenting with drug‐eluting stents is used to treat left main coronary artery (LMCA) bifurcations. However, the rate of restenosis at the left circumflex (LCX) artery ostium is high. The impact of the three‐dimensional (3D) structure of LMCA bifurcation on the outcome of crush stenting with respect to restenosis has not been described. Objectives: This study examined the stent expansion, deformity, overlapping, and apposition after crush stenting of LMCA bifurcations. Methods: Bare metal stents were crushed at LMCA bifurcations in a 3D model that reproduced actual angles, such that the stent deployed from the LMCA to the left anterior descending (LAD) artery crushed the stent deployed from the LMCA to the LCX, followed by kissing balloon inflation. The stents were inspected under fluoroscopy and endoscopy. The effect of the bifurcation angle on stent expansion was also examined. Results: In the 3D model, one stent overlapped the other in the distal LMCA, in contrast to the nearly parallel position of the stents observed in a separate two‐dimensional model. When the LAD stent overlapped the LCX stent, the latter was crushed on the myocardial side of the vessel, and an unstented segment was observed on the nonmyocardial side, at the LCX ostium. When the overlap was reversed, the LCX stent was crushed on the nonmyocardial side and an unstented segment was observed on the myocardial side. A narrow LMCA–LCX angle was associated with less expansion of the LCX stent at the ostium than more distally, and with a higher likelihood of incomplete stent apposition. Conclusions: Overlap of the LAD stent over, as opposed to under, the LCX stent was associated with close apposition of the stent to the vessel on the myocardial side, at the ostium of the LCX artery, where atherosclerotic plaques are likely to be present. The spatial plaque burden and bifurcation angle should be closely examined before crush stenting, and segments should not be left unstented over large plaques. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A practical guide for solid‐state NMR distance measurements in proteins
Authors: Kovacs Frank A. , Fowler Daniel J. , Gallagher Gregory J. , Thompson Lynmarie K. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractRotational resonance (R2) and rotational echo double resonance (REDOR) are powerful solid‐state NMR techniques that can be applied in a site‐directed fashion for precise distance measurements in proteins. These tools are well suited for systems in which a few precise distance measurements are needed to understand a mechanism or map a binding site, particularly if this information is unavailable from x‐ray crystallography or solution NMR, as is often the case for membrane proteins. Strategies and challenges in the design and implementation of such experiments are described and illustrated with experiments probing mechanisms of transmembrane signaling in bacterial chemotaxis receptors. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part A 30A: 21–39, 2007.
Computing and fitting SSNMR powder patterns with the arithmetic‐geometric mean and edge detection
Authors: Denny J.K. , Daniel M.B. , Kovacs F. A. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThis article presents a highly efficient technique for approximating the ideal SSNMR powder pattern using the arithmetic‐geometric mean and demonstrates finding an initial fitting of the ideal powder pattern to an experimental spectrum via Marr‐Hildreth edge detection. In particular, the edge detection approach is used to identify possible values for the principal values of the chemical shielding tensor. These possibilities are then evaluated using a heuristic approach for choosing the best estimates of the principal values based on a measure of edge strength and the sign of the third derivative of the broadened experimental spectrum. We present a detailed mathematical development of the ideal SSNMR powder spectrum and of the arithmetic geometric mean and summarize the fundamental ideas of line broadening and edge detection. The algorithms in this article are demonstrated in a program supplied in the appendix and are applied to experimental data from [13C1]‐leucine. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part A 30A: 1–20, 2007.
An analytical study on optimizing the lookup performance of distributed hash table systems under churn
Authors: Wu Di , Tian Ye , Ng Kam Wing 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe phenomenon of system churn degrades the lookup performance of distributed hash table (DHT) systems greatly. To handle the churn, a number of approaches have been proposed to date. However, there is a lack of theoretical analysis to direct how to make design choices under different churn rates and how to configure their parameters optimally. In this paper, we analytically study three important aspects on optimizing DHT lookup performance under churn, i.e. lookup strategy, lookup parallelism and lookup key replication. Our objective is to build a theoretical basis for designers to make better design choices in the future. We first compare the performance of two representative lookup strategies—recursive routing and iterative routing—and explore the existence of better alternatives. Then we study the effectiveness of lookup parallelism in systems with different churn rates and show how to select the optimal degree of parallelism. Owing to the importance of key replication on lookup performance, we also analyze the reliability of the replicated key under two different replication policies, and show how to perform proper configuration. Besides the analytical study, our results are also validated by simulation, and Kad is taken as a case to show the meaningfulness of our analysis. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fundamental frequency extraction method based on the p‐th power of amplitude spectrum with band limitation
Authors: Shimamura Tetsuya , Takagi Hiroshi 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe extraction of the fundamental frequency of speech is an important issue in many speech processing fields. In this paper, we propose a fundamental frequency extraction method based on the power of the amplitude spectrum in the bandwidth where the fundamental frequency is present. This method varies the power of the amplitude spectrum depending on the signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) of the input speech signal in each analysis frame. Therefore, in a white noise environment, this method is applicable to a wide range of speech signals from a high signal‐to‐noise ratio to a low signal‐to‐noise ratio. By conducting preliminary tests using true vowels, we derive the equation representing the relationship between the power of the amplitude spectrum and the signal‐to‐noise ratio. This is also applied to real continuous speech, and the superiority of the proposed method is clearly demonstrated in comparative tests with conventional methods. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 90(5): 19–30, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjc.20069