bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Longitudinal Change Patterns in Developing Brain Using Functional and Structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging via Multimodal Fusion
Authors: Saha Rekha , Saha Debbrata K. , Fu Zening , Duda Marlena , Silva Rogers F. , Calhoun Vince D. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractFunctional and structural magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI and sMRI) are complementary approaches that can be used to study longitudinal brain changes in adolescents. Each individual modality offers distinct insights into the brain. Each individual modality may overlook crucial aspects of brain analysis. By combining them, we can uncover hidden brain connections and gain a more comprehensive understanding. In previous work, we identified multivariate patterns of change in whole-brain function during adolescence. In this work, we focus on linking functional change patterns (FCPs) to brain structure. We introduce two approaches and applied them to data from the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development (ABCD) dataset. First, we evaluate voxelwise sMRI-FCP coupling to identify structural patterns linked to our previously identified FCPs. Our approach revealed multiple interesting patterns in functional network connectivity (FNC) and gray matter volume (GMV) data that were linked to subject level variation. FCP components 2 and 4 exhibit extensive associations between their loadings and voxel-wise GMV data. Secondly, we leveraged a symmetric multimodal fusion technique called multiset canonical correlation analysis (mCCA) + joint independent component analysis (jICA). Using this approach, we identify structured FCPs such as one showing increased connectivity between visual and sensorimotor domains and decreased connectivity between sensorimotor and cognitive control domains, linked to structural change patterns (SCPs) including alterations in the bilateral sensorimotor cortex. Interestingly, females exhibit stronger coupling between brain functional and structural changes than males, highlighting sex-related differences. The combined results from both asymmetric and symmetric multimodal fusion methods underscore the intricate sex-specific nuances in neural dynamics. By utilizing two complementary multimodal approaches, our study enhances our understanding of the dynamic nature of brain connectivity and structure during the adolescent period, shedding light on the nuanced processes underlying adolescent brain development.
Characteristic Fetal Brain MRI Abnormalities in Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex Deficiency
Authors: Fortin Olivier , Christoffel Kelsey , Shoaib Abdullah , Venkatesan Charu , Cilli Kate , Schroeder Jason W. , Alves Cesar , Ganetzky Rebecca D. , Fraser Jamie L. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPyruvate dehydrogenase complex deficiency (PDCD) is a disorder of mitochondrial metabolism that is caused by pathogenic variants in multiple genes, includingPDHA1. Typical neonatal brain imaging findings in PDCD have been described, with a focus on malformative features and chronic encephaloclastic changes. However, fetal brain MRI imaging in confirmed PDCD has not been comprehensively described. We sought to demonstrate the prenatal neurological and systemic manifestations of PDCD determined by comprehensive fetal imaging and genomic sequencing.All fetuses with a diagnosis of genetic PDCD who had undergone fetal MRI were included in the study. Medical records, imaging data, and genetic testing results were reviewed and reported descriptively.Ten patients with diagnosis of PDCD were included. Most patients had corpus callosum dysgenesis, abnormal gyration pattern, reduced brain volumes, and periventricular cystic lesions. One patient had associated intraventricular hemorrhages. One patient had a midbrain malformation with aqueductal stenosis and severe hydrocephalus. Fetuses imaged in the second trimester were found to have enlargement of the ganglionic eminences with cystic cavitations, while those imaged in the third trimester had germinolytic cysts.Fetuses with PDCD have similar brain MRI findings to neonates described in the literature, although some of these findings may be subtle early in pregnancy. Additional features, such as cystic cavitations of the ganglionic eminences, are noted in the second trimester in fetuses with PDCD, and these may represent a novel early diagnostic marker for PDCD. Using fetal MRI to identify these radiological hallmarks to inform prenatal diagnosis of PDCD may guide genetic counseling, pregnancy decision-making, and neonatal care planning.
Tissue informative cell-free DNA methylation sites in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Caggiano C. , Morselli M. , Qian X. , Celona B. , Thompson M. , Wani S. , Tosevska A. , Taraszka K. , Heuer G. , Ngo S. , Steyn F. , Nestor P. , Wallace L. , McCombe P. , Heggie S. , Thorpe K. , McElligott C. , English G. , Henders A. , Henderson R. , Lomen-Hoerth C. , Wray N. , McRae A. , Pellegrini M. , Garton F. , Zaitlen N. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractCell-free DNA (cfDNA) is increasingly recognized as a promising biomarker candidate for disease monitoring. However, its utility in neurodegenerative diseases, like amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), remains underexplored. Existing biomarker discovery approaches are tailored to a specific disease context or are too expensive to be clinically practical. Here, we address these challenges through a new approach combining advances in molecular and computational technologies. First, we develop statistical tools to select tissue-informative DNA methylation sites relevant to a disease process of interest. We then employ a capture protocol to select these sites and perform targeted methylation sequencing. Multi-modal information about the DNA methylation patterns are then utilized in machine learning algorithms trained to predict disease status and disease progression. We applied our method to two independent cohorts of ALS patients and controls (n=192). Overall, we found that the targeted sites accurately predicted ALS status and replicated between cohorts. Additionally, we identified epigenetic features associated with ALS phenotypes, including disease severity. These findings highlight the potential of cfDNA as a non-invasive biomarker for ALS.
Pattern formation along signaling gradients driven by active droplet behaviour of cell groups
Authors: Ford Hugh Z , Celora Giulia L , Westbrook Elizabeth R , Dalwadi Mohit P , Walker Benjamin J , Baumann Hella , Weijer Cornelis J. , Pearce Philip , Chubb Jonathan R 
Published: April 2024

AbstractGradients of extracellular signals organise cells in tissues. Although there are several models for how gradients can pattern cell behaviour, it is not clear how cells react to gradients when the population is undergoing 3D morphogenesis, in which cell-cell and cell-signal interactions are continually changing.Dictyosteliumcells follow gradients of their nutritional source to feed and maintain their undifferentiated state. Using light sheet imaging to simultaneously monitor signaling, single cell and population dynamics, we show that the cells migrate towards nutritional gradients in swarms. As swarms advance, they deposit clumps of cells at the rear, triggering differentiation. Clump deposition is explained by a physical model in which cell swarms behave as active droplets: cells proliferate within the swarm, with clump shedding occurring at a critical population size, at which cells at the rear no longer perceive the gradient and are not retained by the emergent surface tension of the swarm. The droplet model predicts vortex motion of the cells within the swarm emerging from the local transfer of propulsion forces, a prediction validated by 3D tracking of single cells. This active fluid behaviour reveals a developmental mechanism we term “musical chairs” decision-making, in which the decision to proliferate or differentiate is determined by the position of a cell within the group as it bifurcates.
Microbial Analysis and Sanitization of Hydroponic Farming Facilities in Singapore
Authors: Tham Cliff An Ting , Zwe Ye Htut , Ten Michelle Mei Zhen , Ng Geraldine Shang Ya , Toh Jillinda Yi Ling , Poh Bee Ling , Zhou Weibiao , Li Dan 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACTThis study performed microbial analysis of nutrient film technique (NFT) hydroponic systems at three indoor farms in Singapore. To justify the necessity to sanitize the hydroponic systems, strong biofilm-forming bacteria were isolated from the facility and investigated with their influence onSalmonellacolonizing on polyvinyl chloride (PVC) coupons in hydroponic nutrient solutions. Last, sanitization solutions were evaluated with both laboratory-scale and field-scale tests. As a result, the microbiome composition in NFT systems was found to be highly farm-specific. Strong biofilm formersCorynebacterium tuberculostearicumC2 andPseudoxanthomonas mexicanaC3 were found to facilitate the attachment and colonization ofSalmonellaon PVC coupons. When forming dual-species biofilms, the presence of C2 and C3 also significantly promoted the growth ofSalmonella(P< 0.05). Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) exhibited superior efficacy in biofilm removal compared to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and sodium percarbonate (SPC). NaOCl at 50 ppm reduced C2 and C3 counts to < 1 log CFU/cm2within 12 h, whereas neither 3% H2O2nor 1% SPC achieved such an effect. In operational hydroponic systems, the concentration of NaOCl needed to achieve biofilm elimination increased to 500 ppm, likely due to the presence of organic matter accumulated during the crop cultivation and the higher persistence of the naturally formed multispecies biofilms. The sanitization (500 ppm NaOCl for 12 h) did not impede subsequent plant growth but chlorination by-product chlorate was detected with high levels from the hydroponic solution and plants in the sanitized systems without rinsing.IMPORTANCEThis study’s significance lies first in its elucidation of the necessity to sanitize the hydroponic farming systems. The microbiome in hydroponic systems, although most of the times non-pathogenic, might serve as a hotbed for pathogens’ colonization and thus pose a higher risk for food safety. We thus explored sanitization solutions with both laboratory-scale and field-scale tests. Of the three tested sanitizers, NaOCl was the most effective and economical option, whereas one must note the vital importance of rinsing the hydroponic systems after sanitization with NaOCl.
Temporal Heart Rhythm Clusters and Physiomorphic Age Mapping: A Deep Learning Approach to Cardiovascular Risk Stratification
Authors: Manimaran Gouthamaan , Puthusserypady Sadasivan , Dominguez Helena , Bardram Jakob E. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPurposeUnderstanding the intricate relationships between sleep quality and cardiovascular outcomes can potentially offer new avenues in risk stratification for cardiovascular diseases (CVD). This study aimed to evaluate the significance of biological age predicted through the analysis of sleep stages and nocturnal heart rhythms as a marker for cardiovascular risk.MethodsWe leveraged an unsupervised learning approach to generate time-series clusters utilizing whole-night sleep data fromN= 900 patients, focusing on identifying shifts and consistencies in nocturnal heart rhythms that may indicate variations in cardiac health. Following this, a deep learning model was applied to the time-series clusters to estimate the biological age of the individuals, thereby delineating potential relationships between predicted age, biological age, sleep patterns, and heart rhythms.ResultsIn a distinct test set of 736 individuals, the predicted age based on this experiment showcased a higher association with mortality (Hazard Ratio (HR) 2.27, p<0.05) and CVD risk (HR 3.56, p<0.001). Conversely, the age estimated through only nocturnal heart rhythms demonstrated a HR of 2.29 (p<0.05) for all-cause mortality and 3.13 (p<0.01) for CVD risk.ConclusionOur findings underscore the high prognostic potential of sleep and electrocardiography data in predicting cardiovascular risks. The method of utilizing predicted biological age derived from sleep stages and nocturnal heart rhythms stands as a significant metric in risk stratification for CVD. Further research in this area might foster novel strategies for early interventions based on sleep quality and cardiac health markers, potentially saving numerous lives through early detection and intervention.Author summaryThis study conducted on a large database of sleep data containing physiological signals such as Electrocardiograms, Sleep Stages, anonymized patient information among others shows that the heart behaviour during sleep is indicative of future cardiovascular (CVD) risk and all-cause mortality. This study employs deep learning to predict biological age which is in turn mapped to CVD risk. Through this study, we can see that while heart rhythms during sleep and different stages of sleep (REM, light sleep, etc) does show an association with CVD risk (this exists in previous literature), the more reliable association is found in heart behaviour during specific sleep stages (which is the novelty of our work). We use deep learning to map ECG into different clusters (n=50) using self-supervised learning, and also to find correlation between these clusters and sleep stages while mapping them to their biological age.
Purine and pyrimidine synthesis differently affect the strength of the inoculum effect for aminoglycoside and β-lactam antibiotics
Authors: Hernandez Daniella M. , Marzouk Melissa , Cole Madeline , Fortoul Marla C. , Kethireddy Saipranavi Reddy , Contractor Rehan , Islam Habibul , Moulder Trent , Kalifa Ariane R. , Meneses Estefania Marin , Mendoza Maximiliano Barbosa , Thomas Ruth , Masud Saad , Pubien Sheena , Milanes Patricia , Diaz-Tang Gabriela , Lopatkin Allison J. , Smith Robert P. 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACTThe inoculum effect has been observed for nearly all antibiotics and bacterial species. However, explanations accounting for its occurrence and strength are lacking. We previously found that growth productivity, which captures the relationship between [ATP] and growth, can account for the strength of the inoculum effect for bactericidal antibiotics. However, the molecular pathway(s) underlying this relationship, and therefore determining the inoculum effect, remain undiscovered. We show that nucleotide synthesis can determine the relationship between [ATP] and growth, and thus the strength of inoculum effect in an antibiotic class-dependent manner. Specifically, and separate from activity through the tricarboxylic acid cycle, we find that transcriptional activity of genes involved in purine and pyrimidine synthesis can predict the strength of the inoculum effect for β-lactam and aminoglycosides antibiotics, respectively. Our work highlights the antibiotic class-specific effect of purine and pyrimidine synthesis on the severity of the inoculum effect and paves the way for intervention strategies to reduce the inoculum effect in the clinic.
A single particle analysis method for detecting membrane remodelling and curvature sensing
Authors: Colussi Adeline , Almeida-Souza Leonardo , McMahon Harvey T 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn biology, shape and function are related. Therefore, it is important to understand how membrane shape is generated, stabilised and sensed by proteins and how this relates to organelle function. Here we present an assay that can detect curvature preference and membrane remodelling using free-floating liposomes using protein concentrations in a physiologically relevant ranges. The assay reproduced known curvature preferences of BAR domains and allowed the discovery of high curvature preference for the PH domain of AKT and the FYVE domain of HRS. In addition, our method reproduced the membrane vesiculation activity of the ENTH domain of Epsin1 and showed similar activity for the ANTH domains of PiCALM and Hip1R. Finally, we found that the curvature sensitivity of the N-BAR domain of Endophilin inversely correlates to membrane charge and that deletion of its N-terminal amphipathic helix increased its curvature specificity. Thus, our method is a generally applicable qualitative method for assessing membrane curvature sensing and remodelling by proteins.
DAB-APT: a Fluorescence-Based Assay for Determining Aminopropyl Transferase Activity and Inhibition
Authors: Singh Pallavi , Choi Jae-Yeon , Mamoun Choukri Ben 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPolyamines are polycationic molecules that are crucial in a wide array of cellular functions. Their biosynthesis is mediated by aminopropyl transferases (APTs), promising targets in antimicrobial, antineoplastic and antineurodegenerative therapies. A major limitation, however, is the lack of high-throughput assays to measure their activity. We developed the first fluorescence-based assay, DAB-APT, for measurement of APT activity using 1,2-diacetyl benzene, which forms fluorescent conjugates with putrescine, spermidine and spermine with fluorescence intensity increasing with increasing carbon chain length. The assay has been validated using APT enzymes fromS. cerevisiaeandP. falciparumand is suitable for high-throughput screening of large chemical libraries. Given the importance of APTs in infectious diseases, cancer and neurobiology, our DAB-APT assay has broad applications, holding promise for advancing research and drug discovery efforts.
Hippocampal sharp wave ripples and coincident cortical ripples orchestrate human semantic networks
Authors: Mishra Akash , Akkol Serdar , Espinal Elizabeth , Markowitz Noah , Tostaeva Gelana , Freund Elisabeth , Mehta Ashesh D. , Bickel Stephan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractEpisodic memory function is predicated upon the precise coordination between the hippocampus and widespread cortical regions. However, our understanding of the neural mechanisms involved in this process is incomplete. In this study, human subjects undergoing intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG) monitoring performed a list learning task. We show sharp-wave ripple (SWR)-locked reactivation of specific semantic processing regions during free recall. This cortical activation consists of both broadband high frequency (non-oscillatory) and cortical ripple (oscillatory) activity. SWRs and cortical ripples in the anterior temporal lobe, a major semantic hub, co-occur and increase in rate prior to recall. Coincident hippocampal-ATL ripples are associated with a greater increase in cortical reactivation, show specificity in location based on recall content, and are preceded by cortical theta oscillations. These findings may represent a reactivation of hippocampus and cortical semantic regions orchestrated by an interplay between hippocampal SWRs, cortical ripples, and theta oscillations.
Fractional-order view analysis of Fisher’s and foam drainage equations within Aboodh transform
Authors: Alshehry Azzh Saad , Yasmin Humaira , Shah Rasool , Ali Amjid , Khan Imran 
Published: April 2024

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to solve two unique but difficult partial differential equations: the foam drainage equation and the nonlinear time-fractional fisher’s equation. Through our methods, we aim to provide accurate solutions and gain a deeper understanding of the intricate behaviors exhibited by these systems.Design/methodology/approachIn this study, we use a dual technique that combines the Aboodh residual power series method and the Aboodh transform iteration method, both of which are combined with the Caputo operator.FindingsWe develop exact and efficient solutions by merging these unique methodologies. Our results, presented through illustrative figures and data, demonstrate the efficacy and versatility of the Aboodh methods in tackling such complex mathematical models.Originality/valueOwing to their fractional derivatives and nonlinear behavior, these equations are crucial in modeling complex processes and confront analytical complications in various scientific and engineering contexts.
Critical reflection on the impact of the gig economy on the hospitality workforce
Authors: Jin Dan , Liu-Lastres Bingjie 
Published: April 2024

Purpose
This paper aims to provide a critical reflection on the impact of the gig economy on the hospitality workforce. The impact of the gig economy on hospitality workforce management is explored, with the paper delving into both theoretical insights and practical implications.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper offers reflections on the emerging trend of the gig economy and its impacts on the hospitality workforce, based on evidence collected from the selected literature, industry report and authors’ personal reflections. A micro-meso-macro analytical framework was also applied to assist authors in building the arguments and propositions.

Findings
The findings not only revealed the impacts of the gig economy on the hospitality workforce at micro-meso-macro levels but also underscored its close relationships with various concepts in the hospitality management literature. Both future research directions and practical implications are provided.

Practical implications
Amid the gig economy’s transformative influence, stakeholders must continually innovate for an empowering and secure work environment. A holistic approach is necessary to establish a harmonious gig ecosystem, ensuring fair treatment, benefits and protection for workers while fostering growth and well-being.

Originality/value
Throughout the paper, a critical reflection on the impact of the gig economy on the hospitality workforce is presented, along with suggestions for coping with current labor issues in hospitality and tourism. Future research directions are outlined.
Managerial ethical decision-making in export-oriented readymade garment units: mediating roles of attitude and moral obligation
Authors: Alam Syed Shah Shah , Jannat Taslima , Lin Chieh Yu , Omar Nor Asiah , Ho Yi Hui 
Published: April 2024

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to examine the factors that affect managers’ ethical decision-making in export-oriented readymade garments in Bangladesh.

Design/methodology/approach
This is an empirical study based on the quantitative approach undertaking a cross-sectional survey method where a convenience sampling technique was applied. The analysis was done using partial least square structural equation model applying Smart-PLS version 3.0.

Findings
This study confirmed that all the components of cognitive appraisal processes, including perceived severity, perceived vulnerability, response efficacy and self-efficacy, have a significant influence on attitude. Attitude, in turn, mediates the relationship between these variables and the behavioural intention of ethical practice, except for perceived vulnerability. Besides, moral obligation is found to mediate the relationship between attitude, self-efficacy and the behavioural intention of ethical decision-making. The study also found that ethical climate and subjective norms have a direct influence on behavioural intention. Furthermore, behavioural intention, ethical climate and self-efficacy are positively related to actual decision-making behaviour. However, this study did not find any direct effect of subjective norms on moral obligation.

Practical implications
The organization should include an emphasis on building ethical culture and setting an ethical code of conduct within the organization to sustain ethical practice within employees. However, the practitioner should work on enhancing self-efficacy to curb unethical practices by individuals.

Originality/value
This research contributes to the management of garments manufacturers by a practical and theoretical understanding of what influences the ethical behavioural decision-making process. Valuable guidelines are provided on the ethical decision-making process in the garments manufacturing companies for future researchers.