bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of human lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase by monoterpenes
Authors: Cooney Robert V. , Nemhauser Jefferey , Morin Robert J. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe lecithin‐cholesterol acyltransferase activity of human plasma was found to be inhibited by Rowachol, a proprietary mixture of pure monoterpenes. Menthol, the major ingredient in Rowachol (32%), and a number of other monoterpenes were found to inhibit the enzyme independently. Concentrations of monoterpenes required to achieve 50% inhibition were of the same order of magnitude as the cholesterol concentration present in the reaction mixture.
Tissue culture of cocoa bean (Theobroma cacao L.): changes in lipids during maturation of beans and growth of cells and calli in culture
Authors: Tsai C. H. , Kinsella J. E. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractCallus cultures ofTheobroma cacao L., initiated from explants of immature cocoa bean cotyledons, contained 5.3%–6.4% lipids (dry wt basis). The major fatty acids were palmitic, oleic and linoleic acids. Cell suspensions contained 5.7–7.7% total lipids which had a higher polyunsaturated fatty acid content than total lipids of the calli. Phospholipids and glycolipids were the predominant lipid classes of calli and cell suspensions. Immature cocoa beans at early stages of development contained much higher polyunsaturated fatty acids, higher polar lipids and lower triglycerides than did mature ripe beans. Ripe cocoa beans contained 54% total lipids of which 96.8% where triglycerides. The fatty acid composition of total lipids of calli and cell suspensions were similar to those of the immature cocoa beans.
Essential fatty acids in trout serum lipoproteins, vitellogenin and egg lipids
Authors: Leger Claude , Fremont Lucie , Marion Didier , Nassour Ibrahim , Desfarges Marie‐Françoise 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThis paper describes evidence of (n−3) and particularly of 22∶6 (n−3) fatty acid enrichment in trout lipoproteins as well as in vitellogenin, egg lipovitellin and oil globule. Among the lipoproteins, HDL and LDL were the main forms of blood lipid transport, whereas phospholipids and cholesteryl esters are the preferential chemical carriers for (n−3) fatty acid transport. However, cholesteryl esters were less important as esterified fatty acid carriers than in man. Taken together with the data obtained in mammals, our results suggest that there may be a relationship between EFA activity and the distribution of the EFA among the lipoprotein lipid fractions in vertebrates, irrespective of the EFA series. Administration of an (n−3) fatty acid deficient diet for three months prior to trout spawning produced a significant increase in egg lipid content, primarily as a result of the increase of the oil globule composed almost exclusively of triacylglycerols. This diet decreased the 22∶6 (n−3), as well as the (n−3) fatty acid contents of lipoproteins, lipovitellin, vitellogenin and the oil globule. In contrast, the (n−3) fatty acid level was always higher in lipoproteins and lipovitellin than in the vitellogenin and the oil globule. Moreover, the relative levels of 22∶6 (n−3) and total (n−3) fatty acids were quite similar in lipoproteins and lipovitellin on the one hand, and in vitellogenin and the oil globule on the other. These findings suggest a direct relationship between the two forms of plasma lipid transport and the two egg compartments. During ovogenesis, dietary lipids seemed to be diverted from the adipose tissue and essentially deposited in the egg.
High performance reversed phase chromatography of cholesterol and cholesteryl esters of human plasma lipoproteins
Authors: Perkins Edward G. , Hendren David J. , Bauer John E. , El‐Hamdy Ali H. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractCholesterol and cholesteryl esters were separated according to their carbon number and number of double bonds by high performance reversed‐phase chromatography (HPRC) using acetonitrile/chloroform/methanol (1∶1∶1, v/v) as a mobile phase. It was found that within the same equivalent carbon number (ECN) category, cholesterol esters with the highest number of double bonds eluted ahead of those with a lower number of double bonds, and with thecis isomers eluting ahead of theirtrans partners. Thus, cholesteryl oleate (C27‐18∶1c) elutes ahead of cholesteryl palmitate (C27‐16∶0) and ahead of cholesteryl elaidate (C27‐18∶1t). Human lipoprotein, as well as rat liver cholesteryl esters, were separated using this technique.
Biosynthesis of fatty acids byTrypanosoma cruzi
Authors: Aeberhard Ernesto E. , de Lema Mirta G. , Bronia Delia I. H. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe incorporation of [1‐14C] acetate into fatty acids by cultured epimastigotes ofTrypanosoma cruzi was studied. After 8, 24, and 48 hr incubation with labeled precursor, up to 2.8% of the initial radioactivity added to the medium was found in theT. cruzi long chain fatty acids. Saturated (16∶0 and 18∶0), monounsaturated (18∶1ω9), and diunsaturated (18∶2ω6) fatty acids were synthesized. Both the pattern of incorporation of labeled acetate into the fatty acids and the decarboxylation ratios found suggest that de novo synthesis of fatty acids has taken place.
The lipids of kangaroo meat
Authors: Redgrave Trevor G. , Jeffery Faye 
Published: December 2006

AbstractLipids were extracted from lean meat of kangaroos, sheep and beef cattle. Kangaroo meat lipids contained more phospholipid and less triacylglycerol than sheep meat or beef, and had a higher proportion of polyunsaturated linoleic and arachidonic acids. These results were obtained with kangaroos from the more arid inland region of Australia, and were similar to results obtained previously with kangaroos from a milder climatic region with a higher rainfall. Hence, the composition of the meat lipids is unaffected by the increased aridity of inland zones. The findings are of nutritional significance because kangaroo meat is now commercially available for human consumption.
Hypolipidemic effects of gossypol in cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis)
Authors: Shandilya L. N. , Clarkson T. B. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe effect of gossypol acetic acid (gossypol) on plasma lipid concentrations was studied in adult male cynomolgus monkeys consuming a diet containing 0.19 mg cholesterol/Kcal. Gossypol was administered orally at 5 (n=4) or 10 (n=3) mg/kg/day for 6 months. A significant decrease in total plasma cholesterol (TPC) and low density lipoprotein and very low density lipoprotein‐cholesterol (LDL + VLDL‐chol) concentrations was observed without any significant decrease in plasma high density lipoprotein‐cholesterol (HDL‐chol) levels among 10 mg/kg/day gossypol‐treated animals. This is a new therapeutic property of gossypol that has not been previously reported. No appreciable differences were observed in plasma levels of TPC and LDL + VLDL‐chol among 5 mg/kg/day gossypoltreated amimals when compared to controls until the gossypol dosage was increased to 10 mg/kg/day, thus suggesting that hypolipidemic effect of gossypol is dose‐dependent. In general, no adverse clinicopathological findings were noted except a temporary diarrhea and loss of appetite among 10 mg/kg/day gossypol‐treated animals during the initial stages of treatment. In conclusion, it is tempting to speculate that gossypol might possibly reduce the intestinal absorption of dietary cholesterol or it may reduce the hepatic synthesis of low density lipoproteins. These results also suggest that gossypol may be a particularly useful drug in lowering plasma cholesterol concentrations in addition to its previously demonstrated antifertility properties in males.
Effects of dietary 9‐trans, 12‐trans linoleate on arachidonic acid metabolism in rat platelets
Authors: Hwang D. H. , Chanmugam P. , Anding R. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractIn order to determine the minimal amount of dietary 9‐trans,12‐trans‐linoleate which can decrease endoperoxide metabolites synthesized and their precursor in rat platelets, graded amounts (0, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 2.5%) of thetrans‐linoleate were fed to rats with a constant amount of all‐cis‐linoleate (2.5%) for 12 weeks. Arachidonic acid levels in platelet phospholipids of groups receiving thetrans‐linoleate at 2.5 and 1.0% were significantly (p<0.01) lower than that of the control receiving notrans‐linoleate. Concentrations of TXB2 and PGF2α in sera of the group receiving 2.5%trans‐linoleate were significantly (p<0.05) lower than those of the control; however, there was no difference between the group receiving 1.0%trans‐linoleate and the control. To determine whether the difference in serum concentrations of endoperoxide metabolites could be manifested if rats were fed for longer period of time, 2 groups of rats were again fed diets containing 0 and 1.0%trans‐linoleate, respectively, for 16 weeks. Arachidonic acid in platelet phospholipids of the group receiving thetrans‐linoleate was again significantly (p<0.01) lower than that of the control group. Concentrations of TXB2 and PGF2α, and 12‐hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid formed in platelets, were smaller in the group receivingtrans‐linoleate than the control group; however, the difference was not statistically significant. These results indicated that all‐trans‐linoleate can reduce arachidonic acid metabolites formed in rat platelets when its dietary level is equal to or exceeds the level of all‐cis‐linoeate.
Preparation ofcis,cis,cis‐5,8,11‐eicosatrienoic acid from arachidonic acid
Authors: Ghosh Amitabha , Koley Malati , Dutta J. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractArachidonic acid was reduced by hydrazine to yield isomeric eicosatrienoic acids with other products. Methylcis,cis,cis‐5,8,11‐eicosatrienoate was isolated from the products by silver ion chromatography and preparative gas liquid chromatography in 8% yield. The structure was confirmed by spectral studies and oxidative degradation.
The lipid composition of human liver microsomes
Authors: Waskell Lucy , Koblin Donald , Canova‐Davis Eleanor 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe lipid composition of human liver microsomes isolated from liver biopsy samples obtained at abdominal surgery has been determined. Human liver microsomal phospholipid is composed of 49% phosphatidylcholine, 31% phosphatidylethanolamine, 14% phosphatidylserine+phosphatidylinositol and 6% sphingomyelin, very similar to the phospholipid composition of rat liver microsomes. The fatty acid composition of human liver microsomes is remarkable only for its content of polyunsaturated fatty acids, with 20% of the fatty acids consisting of arachidonic, docosatetraenoic, docosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids. This value contrasts with 33% in rats and 9% in rabbits. The molar cholesterol/phospholipid ratio in human liver microsomes is 0.069, similar to the ratio in rat and rabbit microsomes.
Composition and variability of the branched‐chain fatty acid fraction in the milk of goats and cows
Authors: Massart‐Leën A. M. , De Pooter H. , Decloedt M. , Schamp N. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractBranched‐chain fatty acids of the milk fat of goats were analyzed by high resolution gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry. Iso‐ and anteiso‐acids predominated, but a range of other monomethyl‐branched components, mostly with methyl‐substitution on carbons 4 and 6, was present. Analysis of the milk fat of cows revealed the presence of iso‐ and anteiso‐fatty acid; other mono‐methyl‐substituted fatty acids, as found in the milk fat of the goat, were virtually absent. Only a trace amount of 6‐methylhexadecanoate was detected. The difference between goats and cows in the effectiveness with which these animals metabolize propionyl‐CoA and methylmalonyl‐CoA is discussed.
Phospholipid acyl group composition in normal and tumoral nerve cells in culture
Authors: Montaudon Danièle , Louis Jean‐Claude , Robert Jacques 
Published: December 2006

AbstractWe have studied the fatty acid composition of total phosphoglycerides from various types of nerve cells in culture. Primary cell cultures were compared with tumoral cell strains. Glial cells exhibited no characteristic pattern when compared to neurons. Tumoral cell phosphogly cerides contained much higher levels of octadecenoic acid and lower levels of C‐20 to C‐22 polyunsaturated fatty acids than normal cell phosphoglycerides. This observation seems to be a general feature in tumoral cell membranes. It could be of interest in respect to the membrane fluidity of cancer cells.
Acyl exchange between oleoyl‐CoA and phosphatidylcholine in microsomes of developing soya bean cotyledons and its role in fatty acid desaturation
Authors: Stymne Sten , Glad Gunnar 
Published: December 2006

AbstractMicrosomes of developing soya bean cotyledons transfer oleate from oleoyl‐CoA to phosphatidylcholine (PC) by two different mechanisms: one in which oleate transfer is accompanied by the release of free CoA and another which results in the exchange of oleate from oleoyl‐CoA for unsaturated 18‐carbon fatty acids of PC. The acyl exchange can be demonstrated only when bovine serum albumin is present in the incubation medium. ATP‐dependent acyl‐CoA synthetase is not involved in the exchange process, which apparently does not require any cofactors. In light of this exchange process, the oleate desaturase system was reinvestigated in order to determine what the actual substrate for this system is. Upon incubation of microsomes with high concentrations of [14C] oleoyl‐CoA, bovine serum albumin and NADH, it could be conclusively demonstrated that most oleic acid is desaturated while part of the PC molecule. The amounts of [14C] linoleoyl‐CoA formed could be explained entirely by the acyl exchange. The physiological significance of the acyl exchange system is discussed. A new method for separation of acyl‐CoA from other lipids and free CoA using reversed phase column chromatography also is described.
4‐demethyl‐,4‐monomethyl‐and 4,4‐dimethylsterols in some vegetable oils
Authors: Kornfeldt Anna , Croon Lars‐Börje 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe content of 4‐demethyl‐, 4‐monomethyl‐ and 4,4‐dimethylsterols in 13 vegetable oils was found to vary between 0.10–1.4%, 0.01–0.08% and 0.02–0.29%, respectively. The largest amount of demethylsterols was found in maize and wheat germ oils, whereas the largest amounts of the dimethylsterols were found in olive and linseed oils. The predominating demethylsterols were sitosterol, campesterol, stigmasterol and Δ5‐avenasterol. Among the 4‐monomethylsterols, obtusifoliol, gramisterol, cycloeucalenol and citrostadienol predominated, but usually more than 10 components were found in this fraction. The composition of the 4,4‐dimethylsterol fraction was also rather complex, with the 9,19‐cyclopropanesterols together with α‐ and β‐amyrin predominating. In most of the oils, characteristically high or low percentages of some sterols were found, and a few specific sterols were also noted. A scheme useful for characterization is presented.
Iodination of docosahexaenoic acid by lactoperoxidase and thyroid gland in vitro: Formation of an lodolactone
Authors: Boeynaems J. M. , Watson J. T. , Oates J. A. , Hubbard W. C. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractIn the presence of iodide, hydrogen peroxide and lactoperoxidase, docosahexaenoic acid (22∶6ω3) was converted into iodinated compounds. The major product was identified as 5‐iodo‐4‐hydroxy‐7, 10,13,16,19‐docosapentaenoic acid, γ‐lactone, on the basis of125I incorporation, mass spectrometry, chemical modifications and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Iodolactonization of docosahexaenoic acid occurred in the rat thyroid in vitro and was inhibited by the peroxidase inhibitor methimazole. These data indicate that formation of an idolactone constitutes one pathway of docosahexaenoic acid metabolism which could be expressed in tissues containing an iodide peroxidase.
Free radical polymerization and lipid binding of lysozyme reacted with peroxidizing linoleic acid
Authors: Funes Jorge , Karel Marcus 
Published: December 2006

AbstractInsolubilization and polymerization of proteins exposed to peroxidizing lipids may be due either to cross‐linking with incorporation of fragments of the lipid oxidation products, or to free radical transfer from lipid to protein and subsequent free radical polymerization of protein. The second mechanism which has been proposed was inferred from measurements of electron spin resonance signals in proteins. In this study, uniformly labeled linoleic acid, [14C(U)] LA, was reacted with lysozyme. Volatile oxidation products of LA were also used in some experiments. Incubation was done in the absence of water. Oligomers of lysozyme, as well as the monomer, were isolated after incubation, and the [14C] label incorporated into each fraction was determined. The results show that the dominant mechanism of protein polymerization after exposure to peroxidizing linoleic acid is the transfer of free radical from lipid to protein, and subsequent free radical polymerization.
Eicosa‐5,11,14‐trienoic and octadec‐5‐enoic acids of the reproductive tract of the male house cricket (Acheta domesticus) and field cricket (Gryllus spp.)
Authors: Worthington R. E. , Brady U. Eugene , Hitchcock H. L. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe reproductive tracts (testes, seminal vesicles, accessory glands, ejaculatory duct) of male house crickets (Acheta domesticus) and field crickets (Gryllus spp.) contain ca. 6% of eicosa‐5,11,14‐trienoate in total tissue fatty acids. This fatty acid is concentrated primarily in the phosphatidylcholine fraction of phospholipids (12.6%) and occurs in no more than trace amounts (<0.1%) in neutral lipids. The 18∶1 fatty acid fraction of total tissue lipid fatty acids consisted of 2 isomers with unsaturation in the Δ5 and Δ9 positions in proportions of ca. 33 and 67 mol %, respectively.
Lack of specificity in accumulation of sterols byPhytophthora cactorum
Authors: Gonzales Robert A. , Parks Leo W. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe kinetics of sterol uptake inPhytophthora cactorum were examined. A Vmax of 4.81×10−5 μmol/min/mg dry wt and an average apparent Km of 18.0 μM were determined for both cholesterol and sitosterol accumulation. Selectivity for specific sterols was not apparent in the accumulation, esterification, or distribution of sterols byPhytophthora cactorum.
Lack of catabolism of brain cholesterol
Authors: Dhopeshwarkar Govind A. , Subramanian Carole 
Published: December 2006

AbstractSince direct intracranial injections of precursors indicate that cholesterol is synthesized in the brain at all ages, there must be a mode of disposal also. The sterol nucleus itself is not degraded by mammalian systems but the side chain can be metabolized. [26‐14C] Cholesterol was therefore injected directly into the brain of 80 to 19‐day‐old rats which were sacrificed at the end of 24 hr, 1 week and 2 weeks after injection. The results indicate that, irrespective of the interval between injection and sacrifice, all of the radioactivity was found in the free cholesterol or the cholesterol component of the sterol esters. No radioactivity was found in the fatty acids of the phospholipids. We therefore conclude that the side chain of the cholesterol does not get metabolized to propionyl CoA, which in turn, could lead to fatty acid synthesis. Radioactivity in the serum, even after 2 weeks, indicates that there must be a slow but steady exchange between the brain and the blood that would explain the route of exit for brain cholesterol.
Identification of arachidonic acid in gulf of Mexico shrimp and degree of biosynthesis inPenaeus setiferus
Authors: Lilly Martha L. , Bottino Nestor R. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractAn icosatetraenoic fatty acid, though to be allcis‐5,8,11,14‐icosatetraenoic acid (arachidonic acid), was isolated from shrimp total lipid. The acid was subjected to partial reduction with hydrazine hydrate, with subsequent isolation of the monoenoic reaction products which were shown to becis in structure. These were then cleaved by periodate‐permanganate oxidation and the resulting mono‐and dicarboxylic acid were converted to methyl esters. Identification of the resulting mono‐ and dicarboxylic acids indicated that the original icosatetraenoic acid had the allcis‐5,8,11,14 pattern of double bonds, and it was thus identified as arachidonic acid. Experiments were also performed to study the synthesis of arachidonic acid 20∶4(5,8,11,14) from linoleic acid, 18∶2(9,12) in microsomes prepared from shrimp hepatopancreas and tail muscle tissue. Each step of the pathway 18∶2(9,12)→18∶3(6,9,12)→20∶3(8,11,14)→20∶4(5,8,11, 14) was assayed separately, and the level of activity of each enzyme was expressed as percentage conversion of substrate to product. It was found that, in each step of the sequence, the enzyme activity in the shrimp tissue was very low compared to the activity found in rats. These and previous observations seem to indicate that the arachidonic acid in shrimp tissue originates mostly in the diet.
In vitro conversion of saturated to monounsaturated fatty acid by Ehrlich ascites cells
Authors: Mercuri Osvaldo , Tomás María Elena De , de Antueno Roberto J. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractIn this paper, evidence is presented on the capacity of Ehrlich ascites cells to synthesize in vitro monounsaturated fatty acids from radioactive palmitate. Localization of the double bond was determined by ozonolysis and subsequent reduction of the ozonides to aldesters followed by gas liquid chromatography. These results proved that Ehrlich ascites cells have a Δ9 desaturase that catalyzes the biosynthesis of palmitoleic acid from palmitic acid and oleic and vaccenic acid via elongation‐desaturation and desaturation‐elongation, respectively, using palmitic acid as substrate. Furthermore, it is shown that, as in the hepatic cells, Δ9 desaturase enzyme activity of the tumoral cells is associated with the endoplasmic reticulum. The electron transport components involved in the desaturase system, i.e., NADH‐cytochrome bs reductase and NADH‐cytochrome c reductase, were also measured. The activities of these enzymes do not appear to be rate‐limiting in the desaturase activity of these tumoral cells.
The influence oftrans‐acids on desaturation and elongation of fatty acids in developing brain
Authors: Cook Harold W. 
Published: December 2006

Abstracttrans‐Monounsaturated acids account for up to 3% of the total octadecenoic acyl chains of human brain lipids. To investigate the influence oftrans‐acids on desaturation and chain elongation of fatty acids, in vitro and in vivo experiments with rat brain were performed. In the in vitro assays of Δ9 desaturation, Δ6 desaturation and chain elongation,trans,trans‐dienoic acid was inhibitory, particularly to chain elongation. Slight differences between the inhibitory effects oftrans‐monoenoic acids and theircis‐isomers were observed. In an in vivo model, unlabeled fatty acid (stearate, oleate, elaidate, linoleate, linoelaidate, arachidonate, ortrans‐monoene from margarine) was injected simultaneously with [1‐14C] linoleic acid into the brains of suckling rats. Linoelaidate and oleate inhibited desaturation and elongation of linoleate, whereas elaidate, stearate andtrans‐monoene from margarine were stimulatory. While the demonstration of differences betweencis andtrans monoenic isomers required relatively high levels of the test acids, it appears thattrans‐acids can influence desaturation and elongation enzymes that lead to acyl chain modification in the central nervous system.
Enzymatic formation of cholesteryl ester from cholesterol by gallbladder mucosa
Authors: Neiderhiser Dewey H. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe formation of cholesteryl ester from cholesterol and acyl CoA catalyzed by the enzyme acyl CoA: cholesterol acyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.26) was studied in guinea pig gallbladder mucosa homogenate and the subcellular fractions. The enzymatic activity was enriched in the microsomal fraction. Highest activity was observed with palmitoyl, stearoyl or oleoyl CoA as substrate. Lowest activity was observed with linoleoyl CoA. These data elucidate one mechanism for the formation of cholesteryl ester from cholesterol by the gallbladder wall.