bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Randomized Trial of High-Dose Chemotherapy With Autologous Peripheral-Blood Stem-Cell Support Compared With Standard-Dose Chemotherapy in Women With Metastatic Breast Cancer: NCIC MA.16
Authors: Crump Michael , Gluck Stefan , Tu Dongsheng , Stewart Doug , Levine Mark , Kirkbride Peter , Dancey Janet , O'Reilly Susan , Shore Tsiporah , Couban Stephen , Girouard Caroline , Marlin Susan , Shepherd Lois , Pritchard Kathleen I. 
Published: November 2007

Purpose We conducted a multicenter, randomized trial to compare progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and quality of life in women with metastatic breast cancer (MBC) receiving high-dose chemotherapy plus autologous stem-cell transplantation (ASCT; HDCT) compared with standard-dose therapy. Patient and Methods Between April 1997 and December 2000, 386 women with MBC and no prior chemotherapy for metastatic disease were registered. After initial response to anthracycline- or taxane-based induction chemotherapy, 224 patients were randomly assigned: 112 to high-dose cyclophosphamide, mitoxantrone, and carboplatin chemotherapy and ASCT (HDCT), and 112 to standard therapy (ST). Median age was 47 years (range, 25 to 67 years). Thirty two percent of women randomly assigned had estrogen and progesterone receptor–negative breast cancer, 42% had visceral metastases, and 58% had bone metastases. Complete remission rates before random assignment were 11% for those receiving HDCT and 12% for those receiving ST. Results After a median follow-up of 48 months, 79 deaths were observed in the HDCT arm and 77 deaths were observed in the ST arm; seven patients (6%) in the HDCT arm died as a result of toxicity. The median OS was 24 months for the HDCT arm (95% CI, 21 to 35 months) and 28 months for ST (95% CI, 22 to 33 months; hazard ratio [HR], 0.9; 95% CI, 0.6 to 1.2; P = .43). PFS was 11 months for HDCT and 9 months for ST (HR, 0.6 in favor of HDCT; 95% CI, 0.5 to 0.9; P = .006). Conclusion HDCT did not improve OS in women with MBC when used as consolidation after response to induction chemotherapy.
Peculiarities of the use of acceleration-dependent forces in mechanical problems
Authors: Zhechev M M 
Published: November 2007

Until very recently, the wrong belief that given forces in mechanics cannot depend on acceleration was a wide-spread opinion. As a consequence, little effort, if any, has been made to develop a formal mechanical theory for such forces. At the present time, a class of new problems involving the study of mechanical systems acted on by forces that depend on acceleration and higher derivatives can be considered on the basis of traditional statements of mechanical problems (of stabilization, stability, optimal control, etc.). The current paper is primarily devoted to equilibrium stabilization using acceleration-dependent forces. For definiteness, the analysis is concerned with the tilting railway car, which is a mechanical system where the use of such forces is indispensable. In spite of the specificity of this system, the analysis allows one to get an idea of the generalities of the use of acceleration-dependent forces in mechanics and shows that they can be used in practice to good advantage.
Heteropoly Acid-catalyzed Direct Substitution of 2-Propynyl Alcohols with Sulfonamides
Authors: Yadav J S , Reddy B V Subba , Rao T Srinivasa , Krishna B Bala M , Kumar G G K S Narayana 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
Direct substitution of the hydroxy group in 2-propynyl alcohols with sulfonamides has been achieved using 5 mol % of phosphomolybdic acid supported on silica gel (PMA/SiO2) under mild reaction conditions to produce 2-propynyl amides in excellent yields and with high selectivity.
Ring-opening Bulk Polymerization of l-Lactide in Porous Hydroxyapatite
Authors: Sugiyama Nami , Kunibu Ryoko , Yoshizawa-Fujita Masahiro , Takeoka Yuko , Aizawa Mamoru , Rikukawa Masahiro 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
Poly(l-lactide) (PLLA) has been synthesized by ring-opening bulk polymerization of l-lactide in porous hydroxyapatite (HAp) matrix without any additional catalyst, and this hybridizing process directly provided artificial bone materials. The obtained PLLA/HAp composites had enough mechanical properties with a bending strength of 53.7 MPa, which was 2.3 times stronger than porous HAp, and showed excellent biocompatibility for clinical applications.
Enantiofacial Control of Planar Chiral Arene Ru Complexes Bearing Tropos Biphenyl Ligands
Authors: Aikawa Kohsuke , Kaito Isao , Mikami Koichi 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
A variety of planar chiral Ru-complexes bearing tropos ortho-substituted biphenyl ligands were synthesized. The planar chirality control of the Ru complexes by enantiopure (R)-H8–DABN selectively gave the thermodynamically stable diastereomers via association of solvents employed.
Critical Control by Temperature and Pressure of Enantiodifferentiating Anti-Markovnikov Photoaddition of Methanol to Diphenylpropene in Near Critical and Supercritical Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Nishiyama Yasuhiro , Wada Takehiko , Mori Tadashi , Inoue Yoshihisa 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
The enantiomeric excess of photoadduct obtained in the title reaction was critically manipulated not only by pressure (P) but also by temperature (T), exhibiting substantially different P-dependence profiles at different T, yet sharing a sudden leap near the critical density at each T, for which the difference in clustering property of methanol in near and supercritical CO2 is thought to be responsible.
Research and the Policy-Making Process in Local Government
Authors: Deakin Nicholas 
Published: November 2007

The current state of local government research and intelligence is in part a reflection of the manner of its rapid growth during the course of the past decade. During this period, a large number of Units were established, with a bewildering variety of functions and a wide range of academic disciplines represented among their staffs. This expansion was in part a response to the expansion of the size of local government’s general responsibilities and, in part, the result of specific enthusiasm for new styles of policy analysis and the associated quest for rationality in decision taking in government.
By the end of the seventies, the atmosphere had completely changed and the prospects for research and intelligence have become correspondingly bleak. Nevertheless, the need for well-focussed policy related research still exists: provided that certain well-organised traps are avoided, the research manager in local government should be able to survive, if not prosper, even in the changed environment of the eighties.
Effect of Local Hydride Accumulations on Zircaloy Cladding Mechanical Properties
Authors: Hermann Armin , Yagnik Suresh K. , Gavillet Didier 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
Mechanical response of fuel cladding with local hydride accumulations is crucial in the assessment of cladding integrity at high burn-ups. We have performed high-temperature low-strain rate burst tests on irradiated cladding samples with and without hydride lenses or blisters to seek answers to the following questions: Does the presence of a hydride lens inevitably lead to rupture at a lower pressure? How does it mechanistically affect the crack initiation and propagation? The irradiated samples in our investigation were taken from the regions of the fuel cladding with oxide spallation. Subsequently, we used neutron radiography to further select samples covering a range of hydride blister sizes on which the burst testing was performed. Rupture pressure, hoop strength, and circumferential strain data will be reported. For each sample tested, detailed metallography and fractography were performed on 2-mm size sections containing the burst opening to provide insights into the mechanism of crack initiation and propagation. Local and mean hydrogen concentrations were measured. The paper will include and elucidate new details often not fully investigated by other burst test investigations reported in the open literature. In samples with multiple blisters, the crack initiates at the largest one, which also governs the fracture mode. Reduction in the rupture pressure can be simply correlated to the reduction in sample wall thickness excluding the blister (i.e., its remaining ligament). There is a lower bound on the blister size to have any influence on the rupture pressure. Further, local plastic circumferential strain at each blister can be correlated to relative hydride lens area, as projected onto the cladding surface.
Marginal-Zone B-Cells of Nonobese Diabetic Mice Expand With Diabetes Onset, Invade the Pancreatic Lymph Nodes, and Present Autoantigen to Diabetogenic T-Cells
Authors: Mariño Eliana , Batten Marcel , Groom Joanna , Walters Stacey , Liuwantara David , Mackay Fabienne , Grey Shane T. 
Published: November 2007

OBJECTIVE—B-cells are important for disease pathogenesis in the nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse model of type 1 diabetes. Recent studies demonstrate that marginal-zone B-cells (MZBs), which connect innate with adaptive immune responses, are increased in NOD mice. However, beyond this, the contribution of different B-cell subsets to diabetes pathogenesis is poorly understood.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—To better understand the role of different B-cell subsets in the etiology of type 1 diabetes, we have examined the MZB compartment in NOD mice, with respect to their number, distribution, and function.RESULTS—We demonstrate that splenic MZB numbers in female NOD mice undergo a marked, approximately threefold expansion between ∼12 and 16 weeks of age, coincident with the onset of frank diabetes. Functionally, NOD MZBs are hyperresponsive to toll-like receptor 9 ligation and CD40 ligation, as well as sphingosine-1-phosphate–dependent chemotactic cues, suggesting an increased sensitivity to selective innate- and activation-induced stimuli. Intriguingly, at 16 weeks of age, ∼80% of female NOD mice present with MZB-like cells in the pancreatic lymph node (PLN). These MZB-like cells express major histocompatibility complex class II and high levels of CD80 and CD86, and their presence in the PLN is associated with an increased frequency of activated Vβ4+ CD4+ T-cells. Significantly, we demonstrate that purified MZBs are able to present the autoantigen insulin to diabetogenic T-cells.CONCLUSIONS—These data are consistent with MZBs contributing to the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes as antigen-presenting cells. By integrating innate-derived inflammatory signals with the activation of autoreactive T-cells, MZBs may help to direct T-cell responses against β-cell self-constituents.
Reality monitoring and the media
Authors: Johnson Marcia K. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe study of reality monitoring is concerned with the factors and processes that influence the veridicality of memories and knowledge, and the reasonableness of beliefs. In thinking about the mass media and reality monitoring, there are intriguing and challenging issues at multiple levels of analysis. At the individual level, we can ask how the media influence individuals' memories, knowledge and beliefs, and what determines whether individuals are able to identify and mitigate or benefit from the media's effects. At the institutional level, we can ask about the factors that determine the veridicality of the information presented, for example, the institutional procedures and criteria used for assessing and controlling the quality of the products produced. At the inter‐institutional level we can consider the role that the media play in monitoring the products and actions of other institutions (e.g. government) and, in turn, how other institutions monitor the media. Interaction across these levels is also important, for example, how does individuals' trust in, or cynicism about, the media's institutional reality monitoring mechanisms affect how individuals process the media and, in turn, how the media engages in intra‐ and inter‐institutional reality monitoring. The media are interesting not only as an important source of individuals' cognitions and emotions, but for the key role the media play in a critical web of social/cultural reality monitoring mechanisms. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Changing history: doctored photographs affect memory for past public events
Authors: Sacchi Dario L. M. , Agnoli Franca , Loftus Elizabeth F. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractWe investigated how doctored photographs of past public events affect memory for those events. Italian participants viewed either original images or misleading digitally doctored images depicting the 1989 Tiananmen Square protest in Beijing and a 2003 protest in Rome against the war in Iraq, and they subsequently answered questions about those events. Viewing the doctored images affected the way participants remembered the events. Those who viewed the doctored photograph of the Beijing event estimated that a larger number of people participated in it. Those who viewed the doctored photograph of the Rome event rated the event as more violent and more negative, recalled more physical confrontation, damage to property, and injuries to demonstrators, and were less inclined to participate in future protests. Both younger and older adult participants were affected by the manipulation. Results indicate that doctored photographs of past public events can influence memory, attitudes and behavioural intentions. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Kinetic‐Catalytic and Spectrophotometric Determination of Hg(II) Using its Catalytic Effect on Ligand Substitution Reaction between Hexacyanoferrate(II) and Pyrazine
Authors: Naik Radhey Mohan , Singh Pradeep Kumar , Rastogi Richa , Singh Ruchi , Agarwal Abhinav 
Published: November 2007

AbstractA sensitive, simple and rapid spectrophotometric method for the determination of mercury (II) based on its catalytic effect on the abstraction of coordinated cyanide from hexacyanoferrate (II) by pyrazine has been developed using fixed time procedure. The extent of the reaction is monitored spectrophotometrically by measuring the increase in absorbance at λmax=440 nm of the yellow colored complex, [Fe(CN)5Pz]3− under the reaction conditions; [Fe(CN)6]4−=7.2×10−3 mol L−1, [Pz]=3.75×10−4 mol L−1, temperature=25.0±0.1 °C, pH= 2.50±0.02 and I=0.1 mol L−1(KNO3). The experimental rate data under the conditions used in the present study exhibited a linear dependence between absorbance and [Hg2+] catalyst in the range 5.065–50.15 ng mL−1. The detection limit is found to be 4.01 ng mL−1. The maximum relative standard deviations and percentage errors for mercury(II) determination are found to be 2.2 and 3 % respectively. The percentage recoveries are found to be in the range of 99–102 %. Analytical data fordetermination of mercury(II) is presented together with the application of proposed method in water spiked synthetic mixtures. The validity of the proposed method is tested by comparing the results obtained by present method with atomic absorption spectrometry.
Simultaneous Determination of Aluminium and Iron with Hematoxylin Using Spectrophotometric and Orthogonal Signal Correction‐Partial Least Squares in Plant and Water
Authors: Niazi Ali , Zolgharnein Javad , Davoodabadi Mohammad Reza 
Published: November 2007

AbstractSimple and novel spectrophotometric method is described for simultaneous determination of aluminum and iron. The method is based on the colored complexes formed by aluminum and iron with hematoxylin in the presence of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide as a surfactant at pH 5.8. All factors affecting the sensitivity were optimized and the linear dynamic range for determination of aluminum and iron was found. The simultaneous determination of aluminum and iron mixtures by using spectrophotometric methods is a difficult problem, due to spectral interferences. By multivariate calibration methods such as partial least squares (PLS), it is possible to obtain a model adjusted to the concentration values of the mixtures used in the calibration range. Orthogonal signal correction (OSC) is a preprocessing technique used for removing the unrelated information and is a suitable preprocessing method for PLS calibration of mixtures without loss of prediction capacity using spectrophotometric method. In this study, the calibration model is based on absorption spectra in the 360‐620 nm range for 25 different mixtures of aluminum and iron. Calibration matrices contained 0.06‐21.00 and 0.03‐15.00 μg mL‐1 of aluminum and iron, respectively. The RMSEP for aluminum and iron with OSC and without OSC were 0.06, 0.08 and 0.24, 0.27, respectively. The proposed method has been applied to the simultaneous determination of aluminum and iron in plant and water samples.
Development of Solid Phase Microextraction‐High Performance Liquid Chromatographic Method for the Determination of Copper(II) in Environmental Samples Using Morpholine‐4‐Carbodithioate
Authors: Kaur Varinder , Malik Ashok Kumar 
Published: November 2007

AbstractA highly sensitive solid phase microextraction – high performance liquid chromatographic method has been developed for the determination of copper(II) using morpholine‐4‐carbodithioate (MDTC) as an analytical reagent. The MDTC formed yellowish‐ brown species of copper(II) at a pH range of 2‐9 and complex was sorbed onto PDMS fiber. The Cu(II)‐MDTC complex shows maximum absorbance at 430 nm and can be separated on C18 column by using acetonitrile : water (80 : 20) at a flow rate of 1.0 ml min‐1.The detection limit of method was found to be 0.51 μg L‐1. The interference due to common metal ions were studied. The repeatability of the method was checked by finding the relative standard deviation. The developed method was successfully employed for the determination of copper(II) in different alloy samples and the results were compared with existing methods.
Lagrangean heuristic for the scheduling and control of polymerization reactors
Authors: Terrazas‐Moreno Sebastian , Flores‐Tlacuahuac Antonio , Grossmann Ignacio E. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractA decomposition technique is applied to address the simultaneous scheduling and optimal control problem of multigrade polymerization reactors. The simultaneous scheduling and control (SSC) problem is reformulated using Lagrangean decomposition as presented by Guignard and Kim. The resulting model is decomposed into scheduling and control subproblems, and solved using a heuristic approach used before by Van den Heever et al. in a different kind of problem. The methodology is tested using a methyl methacrylate (MMA) polymerization system, and the high impact polystyrene (HIPS) polymerization system, with one continuous stirred‐tank reactor (CSTR), and with a complete HIPS polymerization plant composed of a train of seven CSTRs. In these case studies, different polymer grades are produced using the same equipment in a cyclic schedule. The results of the heuristic decomposition technique are compared against those obtained by solving the problem without decomposition, whenever both solutions were available. The presence of a duality gap for the decomposed solution is observed as expected when integer variables and other nonconvexities are present. Computational times in the first two examples were lower for the decomposition heuristic than for the direct solution in full space, and the optimal solutions found were slightly better. The example related to the full scale HIPS plant was only solvable using the decomposition heuristic. © 2007 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2008
Psychiatric genetic testing: Attitudes and intentions among future users and providers
Authors: Laegsgaard Mett Marri , Mors Ole 
Published: November 2007

AbstractPsychiatric genetic research may eventually render possible psychiatric genetic testing. Whereas all genetic knowledge has certain characteristics raising ethical, legal, and social issues, psychiatric genetic knowledge adds more controversial issues. Ethical principles have been proposed as a guide in this field, but the optimal utilization of genetic testing has also been recognized to depend on knowledge of the potential consumers' attitudes. To provide knowledge to inform the public debate on mental illness and genetics, and the future conducting of psychiatric genetic testing and counseling, we surveyed attitudes toward psychiatric genetic testing among 397 patients with a psychiatric diagnosis, 164 of their relatives and 100 medical and psychology students. The results showed widespread interest in psychiatric genetic testing of self and child, but less support for prenatal testing. Psychiatric and somatic genetic testing attracted the same amounts of accept. General attitudes toward access to psychiatric genetic testing and information revealed substantial support for bioethical principles of autonomy and privacy. However, questions describing more specific situations revealed contradictions mirroring the bioethical dilemmas recognized in the field and variations in attitudes between groups with different levels of knowledge of genetics, different kinds of experience with mental illness, and different motives and preconceptions regarding psychiatric genetics. The contradictions and differences in attitudes among possible future users and providers of psychiatric genetic testing and counseling indicate ambivalence, insecurity, and perceived lack of knowledge in relation to psychiatric genetics. These results should inform further research and the future integration of psychiatric genetics into practice. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Photoluminescence analysis of Sm3+ and DY3+ doped PVA films
Authors: Seeta Rama Raju G. , Buddhudu S. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractA couple of Poly vinyl alcohol (PVA) films with Sm3+ and Dy3+ ions have been prepared by a conventional solution cast technique. For these Sm3+ and Dy3+ doped PVA films, Fourier transform infrared and also absorption spectral measurements have been carried out. Excitation and emission spectra and decay curves have been recorded to understand emission performance of the polymers namely Sm3+: PVA film with λexci = 400 nm and Dy3+: PVA film with λexci = 349 nm. Emission performances of these films have been explained in terms of relevant energy level schemes. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Evaluation of genotoxic effects in human leukocytes after in vitro exposure to 1950 MHz UMTS radiofrequency field
Authors: Zeni O. , Schiavoni A. , Perrotta A. , Forigo D. , Deplano M. , Scarfi M.R. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractIn the present study the third generation wireless technology of the Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS) signal was investigated for the induction of genotoxic effects in human leukocytes. Peripheral blood from six healthy donors was used and, for each donor, intermittent exposures (6 min RF on, 2 h RF off) at the frequency of 1950 MHz were conducted at a specific absorption rate of 2.2 W/kg. The exposures were performed in a transverse electro magnetic (TEM) cell hosted in an incubator under strictly controlled conditions of temperature and dosimetry. Following long duration intermittent RF exposures (from 24 to 68 h) in different stages of the cell cycle, micronucleus formation was evaluated by applying the cytokinesis block micronucleus assay, which also provides information on cell division kinetics. Primary DNA damage (strand breaks/alkali labile sites) was also investigated following 24 h of intermittent RF exposures, by applying the alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis (SCG)/comet assay. Positive controls were included by treating cell cultures with Mitomycin‐C and methylmethanesulfonate for micronucleus and comet assays, respectively. The results obtained indicate that intermittent exposures of human lymphocytes in different stages of cell cycle do not induce either an increase in micronucleated cells, or change in cell cycle kinetics; moreover, 24 h intermittent exposures also fail to affect DNA structure of human leukocytes soon after the exposures, likely indicating that repairable DNA damage was not induced. Bioelectromagnetics 29:177–184, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.