bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correction
Authors: Malec Donald J. 
Published: August 2008

Abstract‘Small area random effect models for capture/recapture methods with applications to estimating coverage error in the U.S. Decennial Census’ by Donald J. Malec and Jerry Maples.The paper contains two sets of equations that incorrectly specify a log‐linear model for the correct enumeration and match probabilities. A linear‐logistic model was actually used for these probabilities. Other parts of the paper correctly specify the linear‐logistic relationship and all results are based on the linear‐logistic model.Specifically, equation (3) should be

and equation
(8) should be
Mixed treatment comparison with multiple outcomes reported inconsistently across trials: Evaluation of antivirals for treatment of influenza A and B
Authors: Welton N. J. , Cooper N. J. , Ades A. E. , Lu G. , Sutton A. J. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractWe present a mixed treatment meta‐analysis of antivirals for treatment of influenza, where some trials report summary measures on at least one of the two outcomes: time to alleviation of fever and time to alleviation of symptoms. The synthesis is further complicated by the variety of summary measures reported: mean time, median time and proportion symptom free at the end of follow‐up. We compare several models using the deviance information criteria and the contribution of different evidence sources to the residual deviance to aid model selection. A Weibull model with exchangeable treatment effects that are independent for each outcome but have a common random effect mean for the two outcomes gives the best fit according to these criteria. This model allows us to summarize treatment effect on two outcomes in a single summary measure and draw conclusions as to the most effective treatment. Amantadine and Oseltamivir were the most effective treatments, with the probability of being most effective of 0.56 and 0.37, respectively. Amantadine reduces the duration of symptoms by an estimated 2.8 days, and Oseltamivir 2.6 days, compared with placebo. The models provide flexible methods for synthesis of evidence on multiple treatments in the absence of head‐to‐head trial data, when different summary measures are used and either different clinical outcomes are reported or where the same outcomes are reported at different or multiple time points. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simple tests for the external validation of mortality prediction scores
Authors: Stallard Nigel 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThis paper is concerned with methods for the external validation of the prognostic scores that predict the probability of some event such as death. The problem is similar to that of testing the goodness‐of‐fit of a logistic regression model, except that the prognostic scores are not estimated and validated using the same data. A number of methods for assessing logistic model goodness‐of‐fit have been proposed, and some of these can also be used in the setting considered. A simple test based on the likelihood ratio statistic is proposed, which does not require arbitrary choice of groups or smoothing parameters. In a simulation study, the proposed method is found to be as powerful as commonly used methods under the scenarios considered. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modified PVA–Fe3O4 Nanoparticles as Protein Carriers into Sperm Cells
Authors: Makhluf Shirly Ben‐David , Abu‐Mukh Riam , Rubinstein Sara , Breitbart Haim , Gedanken Aharon 
Published: August 2008

AbstractMagnetite nanoparticles conjugated to protein are developed in order to potentially serve as protein carriers into bovine sperm cells. The conjugate comprises iron oxide nanoparticles that are covalently bound to an anti‐protein kinase C (PKC)α antibody. This conjugate can serve for cellular PKC localization and the inhibition of its function. The surface of the nanoparticle is first modified with (3‐aminopropyl) thrimethoxysilane to form a self‐assembled monolayer, and subsequently conjugated with the antibody through amidation between the carboxylic acid end groups on the antibody and the amine groups on the surface of the nanoparticles. The anti‐PKCα localization is proven by fluorescent microscopy and iron staining. The activity of the anti‐PKCα conjugated with the nanoparticle is tested by recognizing PKCα using the Western blot method.
Towards an Ultrasensitive Method for the Determination of Metal Impurities in Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Kolodiazhnyi Taras , Pumera Martin 
Published: August 2008

AbstractResidual catalyst metal nanoparticles remain one of the major obstructions in the utilization of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in many areas owing to their ability to participate in redox chemistry of biomarkers. Presented here is a comparative study of several techniques for quality control of carbon nanotubes in terms of metallic impurities, namely magnetic susceptibility, electron paramagnetic resonance, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectrometry, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. It is found that the dc magnetic susceptibility is the most sensitive method such that the difference between two CNT samples that underwent slightly different treatments can be detected, whereas the two samples are indistinguishable by other techniques. Therefore, it is suggested that the most accurate statistical method for quality control of carbon nanotubes is dc magnetic susceptibility, which allows the detection of traces of magnetic metal impurities embedded in purified carbon nanotubes, whereas other methods may provide false “impurity‐free” information.
Surgical Training in India
Authors: Udwadia Tehemton E. , Sen Gautam 
Published: August 2008

AbstractBackgroundThe quality of surgical training and competence defines the quality of patient care. The developed world evolved its surgical training over a long progressive period, whereas countries in the developing world, of which India is a reasonable example, were jettisoned into the waters, to hurriedly create their own training.MethodSurgical training is but part of the picture of any countries medical education. Keeping stastics to a bare minimum, an attempt is made to trace the evolution, progress and current state of surgical training in India. Shortcomings in the training program in a country with such a tremendously wide economic spectrum, and their possible solutions, are evaluated.ResultsIn a country as vast, populous and complex as India no one article could even remotely do justice to this subject. What is lost in depth and pragmatism here is hopefully compensated, to some small degree, by the 50 year personal experience (and perhaps philosophy) of one of the authors (T.E.U.).ConclusionsSurgical Training has to be tailored to the specific needs of each country. Surgery is a humanitarian science. The thrust of surgical training in India should be, and hopefully will be, not just to be on par with the developed world, but more important, to ensure good surgical care to all Indians, in all places.
Evolution of gamete size in primitive taxa without mating types
Authors: Togashi Tatsuya , Sakisaka Yukio , Miyazaki Tatsuo , Nagisa Masaru , Nakagiri Nariyuki , Yoshimura Jin , Tainaka Kei‐ichi , Cox Paul Alan , Bartelt John L. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractAn ESS model to better understand the evolutionary dynamics of a primitive non‐mating type gamete size was developed with reference to the PBS (Parker, Baker and Smith's) theory, which was based on total numbers of zygotes formed and the zygote survival rates. We did not include mating types since it has been suggested that primitive mating systems did not have mating types. As input parameters, we used experimental data on gamete motility of marine green algae. Based on hard sphere collision mechanics, we detailed the fertilization kinetics of gametes that swim in water prior to fusing with their partners through a set of coupled, non‐linear differential equations. These equations were integrated numerically using typical values of the constant parameters. To estimate the relative zygote survival rate, we used a function that is sigmoid in shape and examined some evolutionarily stable strategies in mating systems that depend on optimizing values of the invasion success ratio.
Congenital disorder of glycosylation type Id (CDG Id): phenotypic, biochemical and molecular characterization of a new patient
Authors: Rimella‐Le‐Huu A. , Henry H. , Kern I. , Hanquinet S. , Roulet‐Perez E. , Newman C. J. , Superti‐Furga A. , Bonafé L. , Ballhausen D. 
Published: August 2008

SummaryCongenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) are a family of multisystem inherited disorders caused by defects in the biosynthesis of N‐ or O‐glycans. Among the many different subtypes of CDG, the defect of a mannosyltransferase encoded by the human ALG3 gene (chromosome 3q27) is known to cause CDG Id. Six patients with CDG Id have been described in the literature so far. We further delineate the clinical, biochemical, neuroradiological and molecular features of CDG Id by reporting an additional patient bearing a novel missense mutation in the ALG3 gene. All patients with CDG Id display a slowly progressive encephalopathy with microcephaly, severe psychomotor retardation and epileptic seizures. They also share some typical dysmorphic features but they do not present the multisystem involvement observed in other CDG syndromes or any biological marker abnormalities. Unusually marked osteopenia is a feature in some patients and may remain undiagnosed until revealed by pathological fractures. Serum transferrin screening for CDG should be extended to all patients with encephalopathy of unknown origin, even in the absence of multisystem involvement.
Physico‐Chemical Characterization of Sesame Oil Derivatives
Authors: Zanardi Iacopo , Travagli Valter , Gabbrielli Alessandro , Chiasserini Luisa , Bocci Velio 
Published: August 2008

AbstractOzone treatment of commercially available vegetable oils gives rise to the formation of chemical species that are responsible for the therapeutic properties of ozonated oil derivatives in dermatological diseases. In the last years, these products have been successfully used as a topical disinfectant in a number of serious skin affections. The medical application of empirically prepared ozonated oil has yielded striking improvements with unexpected and rapid healing, compelling us to begin a long‐range study aiming first to define the main characteristics of the most common ozonated vegetable oils, about which there is usually no medical consensus because of the lack of standardization of their technological parameters. Sesame oil was selected because of its great amount of polyunsaturated acyl groups, as well as natural antioxidants. Moreover, we have determined the kinetics and optimal conditions of ozonation (e.g., ozone concentrations, time of exposure, temperature) for obtaining an ozonated oil characterized by well‐established technological and physico‐chemical properties, namely an accurate peroxide value determination. On the basis of the results, we have gained an understanding of the modifications of the vegetable oils during the ozonation process.
Detection of higher‐order G protein‐coupled receptor oligomers by a combined BRET–BiFC technique
Authors: Gandia Jorge , Galino Jorge , Amaral Olavo B. , Soriano Aroa , Lluís Carme , Franco Rafael , Ciruela Francisco 
Published: August 2008

MINT‐6700472:

A2A (uniprotkb:P29274), A2A (uniprotkb:P29274) and A2A (uniprotkb:P29274) physically interact (MI:0218) by bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (MI:0012)
MINT‐6699330:

A2A (uniprotkb:P29274) and A2A (uniprotkb:P29274) physically interact (MI:0218) by bimolecular fluorescence complementation (MI:0809)
MINT‐6699346:

A2A (uniprotkb:P29274) and A2A (uniprotkb:P29274) physically interact (MI:0218) by bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (MI:0012)
Inhibition of astrocytes promotes long‐distance growing nerve fibers in ventral mesencephalic cultures
Authors: af Bjerkén Sara , Marschinke Franziska , Strömberg Ingrid 
Published: August 2008

AbstractTyrosine hydroxylase‐positive nerve fiber formation occurs in two diverse morphological patterns in rat fetal ventral mesencephalic slice cultures; one is non‐glial‐associated and the other is glial‐associated. The aim of this study was to characterize the non‐glial‐associated nerve fibers and its relation to migration of astrocytes. Organotypic slice cultures were prepared from embryonic days 12, 14, and 18 rat fetuses and maintained for 5, 7 or 14 days in vitro. Inhibition of cell proliferation using cytosine β‐d‐arabinofuranoside was conducted in embryonic day 14 ventral mesencephalic cultures. The treatment impaired astrocytic migration at 7 and 14 days in vitro. The reduced migration of astrocytes exerted a negative effect on the glial‐associated tyrosine hydroxylase‐positive nerve fibers, reducing the outgrowth from the tissue slice. The non‐glial‐associated outgrowth was, however, positively affected by reduced astrocytic migration, reaching distances around 3 mm in 2 weeks, and remained for longer time in culture. Co‐cultures of fetal ventral mesencephalon and frontal cortex revealed the cortex as a target for the non‐glial‐associated tyrosine hydroxylase‐positive outgrowth. The age of the fetal tissue at plating affected the astrocytes such that older tissue increased the length of astrocytc migration. Younger tissue at plating promoted the presence of non‐glial‐asscociated outgrowth and long radial‐glia‐like processes, while older tissue promoted migration of neurons instead of formation of nerve fiber network. In conclusion, inhibition of astrocytic proliferation promotes the persistence of long‐distance growing tyrosine hydroxylase‐positive nerve fibers in ventral mesencephalic slices cultures. Furthermore, the long‐distance growing nerve fibers target the frontal cortex and are absent in cultures derived from older tissue.
Oropharyngeal Reconstruction for Advanced Cancer
Authors: Zafereo Mark E. , Weber Randal S , Lewin Jan S , Roberts Dianna B , Hanasono Matthew M 
Published: August 2008

ObjectiveTo assess perioperative morbidity, functional outcomes, and survival following microvascular and regional flap reconstruction of the oropharynx after advanced oncologic resection.Methods65 patients underwent oropharyngeal reconstruction for late stage primary (35.4%), second primary (10.8%), or recurrent (53.8%) oropharyngeal and oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma at a tertiary cancer center between 1997 and 2007. 50 (76.9%) males and 15 (23.1%) females with a median age of 59.2 years (range 28.6 to 76.1 years) were reconstructed with rectus myocutaneous free flaps (30.8%), anterolateral thigh free flaps (27.7%), radial forearm free flaps (20%), pectoralis myocutaneous pedicled flaps (15.4%), and fibula osseocutaneous free flaps (6.2%).ResultsThe median follow‐up time following oropharyngeal reconstruction was 36.3 months (range 1.3 to 144.2 months). There were no complete flap failures and only 1 partial flap failure. 32 (49.2%) patients experienced postoperative complications including 11 wound infections/dehiscences, 7 fistulas, 7 donor site complications, and 11 postoperative pneumonias. Mean intensive care unit nights and total days hospitalized were 2.8 and 9.6, respectively. Of 56 patients undergoing a tracheostomy, 48 (73.8%) were decannulated a median of 13 days (range 5 to 426 days) following surgery. 42 (64.7%) remained at least partially feeding tube‐dependent, but 41 (63.1%) attained at least 80% oral speech intelligibility. 3‐and 5‐year overall survivals following reconstruction were 49.1% and 37.3%, respectively.ConclusionsSelected patients who undergo reconstruction for extensive oropharyngeal defects following surgery for advanced cancer can attain long‐term survival. While most patients achieve decannulation and functional speech, almost 2/3rds remain feeding tube‐dependent.
Adult Tonsillectomy: Current Indications and Outcomes
Authors: Hoddeson Elizabeth Kathryn , Gourin Christine G. 
Published: August 2008

ObjectiveWith increased antibiotic usage, the indications for pediatric tonsillectomy have shifted from infection to treatment of airway obstruction. Limited data exists regarding the current prevalence of indications for tonsillectomy in adults. We sought to determine the indications for tonsillectomy in an adult population and identify factors associated with postoperative complications.MethodsThe medical records of all adult patients (18 or more years of age) who underwent tonsillectomy from 2001–2007 were reviewed. Patients who underwent concurrent procedures were excluded.ResultsA total of 361 patients met study criteria. Indications for surgery were chronic infection in 207 patients (57%), upper airway obstruction secondary to tonsillar hypertrophy in 98 patients (27%), and suspected neoplasm in 56 patients (16%). Postoperative complications occurred in 54 cases (15%) with hemorrhage in 19 patients (5%), followed by pain and dehydration in 16 patients (4%) and admission for postoperative oxygen desaturations in 11 patients (3%). Hospitalization beyond 24 hours occurred in 18 cases (5%), with emergency room visits for pain and dehydration in 16 patients (4%), and readmission for pain control in 17 cases (5%). Patients who underwent tonsillectomy for upper airway obstruction had an increased incidence of prolonged hospitalization or readmission (19% vs. 6%; P=0.01), while patients who underwent tonsillectomy for infection had an increased incidence of post‐operative bleeding (6% vs. 4%; p=0.02).ConclusionsChronic infection remains the most common indication for adult tonsillectomy, in contrast to the pediatric population. Complication rates vary according to the indication for surgery. These data may provide useful information for preoperative counseling.
Endoscopic Margins of Skull‐base Tumors: Oncologically Safe?
Authors: Cohen Marc A. , Liang Jonathan , O'Malley Bert W , Newman Jason G 
Published: August 2008

Objective1) Learn if margins of resection in anterior skull base tumors that are entirely or endoscopic‐assisted are comparable with those undergoing traditional craniofacial resection. 2) Understand if there is a difference in patient mortality with traditional CFR compared to endoscopic‐assisted surgery.MethodsRetrospective review was conducted of patients undergoing surgery at our institution for malignant lesions of the anterior skull base between 2000–2006. 46 patients were identified. 20 underwent endoscopic‐assisted or total endoscopic resection. Margins were evaluated by the pathologist. Recurrence rates were calculated based on the presence or absence of recurrence at the last office visit. Follow‐up times ranged from 1 month to 5 years.ResultsOf the 20 patients undergoing endoscopic or endoscopic assisted CFR of anterior skull base lesions, 15/20 patients had negative margins (75%), 4/20 had positive margins (20%), and 1/20 had close margins (5%). In those patients undergoing traditional CFR, 17/26 patients had negative margins (65%), 8/26 had positive margins (30%), and 1/26 (4%) had close margins. Recurrence was noted in 9/26 (35%) of those who underwent traditional CFR and 6/20 (30%) of those with endoscopic assistance.ConclusionsThere does not appear to be increased risk of positive margins or recurrence in those undergoing endscopic or endoscopic‐assisted resection. Endoscopy may aid in identifying margins of tumor in the anterior skull base, leading to a greater likelihood of cure. Endoscopic resections have the potential to avoid morbity and should be considered oncologically sound in the appropriate patient with a skull base lesion.
Lymph Node Clustering in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Cancer
Authors: Lee Kimberly J. , Kirsch Claudia , Sayre James William , Bhuta Sunita , Abemayor Elliot 
Published: August 2008

ObjectiveDetection of early regional metastasis of head and neck carcinoma is critical for tumor staging, prognosis, and treatment strategies. Clustered cervical lymphadenopathy portends a worse prognosis than isolated lymphadenopathy, but studies analyzing its effect are lacking. Key objectives include: 1) to establish criteria for lymph node clustering and 2) to assess the predictive value of lymph node clustering for metastasis.MethodsThis study retrospectively reviewed preoperative radiographic images of 29 patients with histopathologically proven metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma between January 2006 and December 2007. Patients who had previous radiation or chemotherapy were excluded. CT, MRI, and PET CT images were assessed for lymph node size and number, neck level, and clustering, with respect to primary tumor location and size. A cluster was defined as 3 or more abutting nodes with no definable intervening fat planes.ResultsStatistics comparing histopathologic proven metastatic lymphadenopathy and radiographic clustering of nodes in each neck level were used to elucidate the positive predictive value via logistic regression analysis. Analysis revealed a positive predictive value for clustering of nodes greater than 1 cm to be 82.9%, with a negative predictive value of 100% in the level II region (p<0.05). Nodes in the remaining levels demonstrated less predictive values.ConclusionsClustered lymph nodes greater than 1cm in the level II region in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma have a high predictive value, suggesting that clustering is not only an important prognostic indicator but also an important radiographic feature that may assist surgeons in preoperative surgical planning.
Recurrent Papillary Thyroid Cancers: An Evolving Paradigm
Authors: Ondik Michael P. , Dezfoli Seper , Lipinski Lindsay , Ruggiero Francis P , Goldenberg David 
Published: August 2008

ObjectiveImproved diagnostic techniques are changing the paradigm of recurrent thyroid cancer detection. High resolution ultrasound techniques, recombinant thyroglobulin assays and fused PET/CT imaging are detecting small recurrent thyroid cancers and prompting earlier surgical intervention. Our study seeks to identify the surgical outcomes in one of the largest series of recurrent papillary thyroid cancers.MethodsA retrospective chart review identified 48 patients who underwent central and/or lateral neck dissections for recurrent papillary thyroid disease at our institution between 1999 and 2007. All of the patients had previously undergone primary thyroid surgery.ResultsThere were 36 females, 12 males and the mean age of first recurrence was 49.8 years. 11 recurrences were identified by screening thyroglobulin, 10 had positive ultrasound findings, and 11 presented with a cervical mass. 14 patients underwent PET/CT scans and 28 had fine needle aspirations as part of their workup. No patients (0%) acquired permanent vocal cord paralysis and two (4.2%) developed hypoparathyroidism as a result of their initial reoperation for recurrent disease. 10 patients had a second recurrence.ConclusionsRecurrent papillary thyroid cancer is a challenging dilemma for the thyroid surgeon. Improved surveillance techniques are allowing the earlier diagnosis of recurrence. While reoperative thyroid surgery carries many risks, our series demonstrates that it can be done with minimal complications. The long‐term implications of early intervention in this setting are still largely unknown and will warrant future research.