bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The strength of density dependence on body size of young‐of‐the‐year masu salmon, Oncorhynchus masou, varies over ontogeny in Horokashubuto stream, Hokkaido, northern Japan
Authors: Hasegawa Koh , Okado Jumpei , Sahashi Genki , Fukui Sho , Ogura Yuhei , Ohkuma Kazumasa 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe relationships between body size and density of salmonids in natural streams have been well studied, and density‐dependent growth (somatic growth) is interpreted as the principal mechanism responsible for the relationship. Moreover, the body size–density relationship is known to vary over ontogeny. However, the relationship has been studied mostly by experimental procedures (e.g. stocking fish into streams), and knowledge about the relationship in natural populations (e.g. no human‐induced input of fish) is still inadequate. In this study, we compared the relationships between body size and density of young‐of‐the‐year (YOY) masu salmon, Oncorhynchus masou, between different ontogenetic stages, that is, fry (spring) and juveniles (autumn). We used the monitoring data of YOY body sizes and densities across three study sites collected from Horokashubuto stream in Hokkaido, northern Japan, from 2014 to 2022. In the juvenile stage, YOY body size correlated negatively with increasing density. This pattern is typical of the density dependence of salmonid growth demonstrated in many previous studies. In the fry stage, however, YOY body size correlated positively with increasing density. This study suggested that the patterns of density dependence vary as functions of the ontogenetic stages of salmonids.
Justifications for the study of computers on the curriculum: Neo‐vocational ideology veiled in progressive educational discourse
Authors: McGarr Oliver , Engen Bård Ketil 
Published: March 2024

AbstractInterest in the study of computer technology in schools (often in the form of Computer Science subjects or coding initiatives) is seen to have undergone two waves of interest, one in the late 1970s/early 1980s and the other more recently since about 2010. Through a historical exploration of the rationales for the study of computer technology in schools in both the first wave and the second wave, this paper aimed to explore the various curriculum ideologies underpinning their justification. In doing so, the paper highlights the chameleon‐like nature of this change agenda in aligning with contemporary trends to advance the study of computer technology on the curriculum. The paper argues that current manifestations of the study of computer technology in schools are at odds with broader curriculum reform goals and international policies and raises questions about students' access to such knowledge.
Does the European Court of Justice induce societal change? The record so far—with a green future in mind
Authors: de Waele Henri 
Published: March 2024

AbstractOver the seven decades of its existence, the European Court of Justice (ECJ) has performed well as a conflict‐solving institution. From the existing literature, it becomes less clear however to what extent it served as an effective agent for societal change. Obtaining clarity on this issue seems imperative in the current day and age, considering the gargantuan challenges of accelerating climate change and environmental degradation: if the ECJ generally manages to ‘deliver’, at least some further progress could realistically be expected on this front also. The present article conducts an examination reviewing the experiences in the green domain from a comparative perspective, seeking to discern possible patterns and draw common inferences. Thus, it aims to expose how and when judges prove successful in recalibrating the conduct or opinions of real people in actual practice. Those insights may well inform future progress in different fields—the ecological as much as anywhere.
Producing international students: Migration management and the making of population categories
Authors: Cranston Sophie , Esson James 
Published: March 2024

AbstractInternational student mobilities (ISM) is an important but increasingly complex and controversial topic. Politically, the contested nature of international student mobilities is driven by the confluence of immigration policies, increasing demand for global education, and new higher education funding imperatives. Academically, international student mobilities is a key field of study which intersects with three subdisciplines of geography: political, population and social. Our intervention reveals, for the first time, how current UK migration management policies are actively ‘producing’ the international student as a population category. We illustrate the effects of this production through its operationalisation into universities and everyday student lives. We achieve this by developing an analytical framework informed by theorisations of ‘dynamic nominalism’, which is complemented by data from semi‐structured interviews and policy documents. Our findings uncover the existence of multiple populations within the international student category, exposing the inherent complexities, hierarchies of privilege and contradictions therein. Notably, we identify a conceptual and empirical distinction between those produced as ‘international students’ based on their visa, and those produced as ‘international students’ via their tuition fee status. The implications of this intervention are important for the contentious landscape of higher education and immigration policy because the paper challenges assumptions about, and raises ethical questions regarding the treatment of, the ‘international student’. Our analytical framework also has wider applicability beyond the subject of ISM, through its potential to aid geographers, and those in cognate disciplines, concerned with addressing fundamental questions about how and why categories are produced and the consequences of this production.
Experiences with health care services and HIV testing after sexual assault in cisgender gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men and transgender people
Authors: Palich Romain , Rodger Alison J. , Nicholls Emily Jay , Wright Talen , Samba Phil , Chu Isaac Yen‐Hao , Burns Fiona M. , Weatherburn Peter , Trevelion Roy , McCabe Leanne , Witzel T. Charles 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectivesThis qualitative sub‐study aimed to explore how cisgender gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (cis‐GBMSM) and transgender people who reported non‐consensual sex (NCS) accessed health care services, what barriers they faced, and how this experience influenced subsequent HIV testing.MethodsSELPHI is an online randomized controlled trial evaluating both acceptability and efficiency of HIV‐self testing among cis‐GBMSM and transgender people. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted, audio‐recorded, transcribed, and analysed through a framework analysis, as a qualitative sub‐study. We identified narratives of NCS from interviews and investigated experiences of cis‐GBMSM and transgender people accessing health care services following sexual assault.ResultsOf 95 participants, 15 (16%) spontaneously reported NCS. Participants reported a broad range of NCS, including partner's coercive behaviours, non‐consensual removal of condoms, and rapes. All feared HIV transmission, leading them to test for HIV, underlining a marked lack of awareness of post‐exposure prophylaxis (PEP). Most had negative experiences in communicating with reception staff in sexual health clinics following these incidents. A lack of confidentiality and empathy was described in these situations of psychological distress. Clinic visits were primarily focused on testing for HIV and sexually transmitted infection, and generally no specific psychological support was offered. Getting a negative HIV result was a key step in regaining control for people who experienced NCS.ConclusionsSexual health care providers should take care to more fully address the issue of NCS with cis‐GBMSM and transgender people when it arises. Recognizing and managing the emotional impact of NCS on affected patients would prevent negative experiences and increase confidence in care.
ASSET DIVERSIFICATION VERSUS CLIMATE ACTION
Authors: Hambel Christoph , Kraft Holger , van der Ploeg Frederick 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAsset pricing and climate policy are analyzed in a global economy where consumption goods are produced by both a green and a carbon‐intensive sector. Given that the economy is initially heavily dependent on carbon‐intensive capital, the desire to diversify assets complements the attempt to mitigate economic damages from climate change. In the longer run, however, a trade‐off between diversification and climate action emerges. We derive the optimal carbon price and the equilibrium risk‐free rate, and risk premia. Climate disasters significantly decrease the risk‐free rate but increase risk premia on financial assets, especially if no climate policy is implemented.
RETRACTED: Safety climate, quality of care, adherence to and compliance with standard precautions among nurses: Structural equation modeling
Authors: Berdida Daniel Joseph E. , Grande Rizal Angelo N. , Alshammari Mohammed Hamdan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAimsThe aim was to investigate the interrelationships of nurses’ safety climate, quality of care, and adherence to and compliance with standard precautions (SPs).BackgroundInvestigations about nurses’ safety climate and quality care and their association with adherence to and compliance with SPs remain remarkably scant across literature, specifically among developing countries like the Philippines.DesignCross‐sectional design and structural equation modeling (SEM) approach while complying with STROBE guidelines.MethodsParticipant nurses were recruited using convenience sampling (n = 870). Four validated self‐report instruments were used to collect data from February to August 2022. Spearman rho, SEM, mediation, and path analyses were employed for data analysis.ResultsThe emerging model showed acceptable model fit parameters. The safety climate positively influenced the quality of care and adherence to and compliance with SPs. Quality of care directly affected adherence to SPs, while adherence to SPs directly affected compliance with SPs. The quality of care mediated the relationship between safety climate and adherence to SPs. Whereas adherence to SPs mediated the relationships between safety climate and compliance with SPs and the quality of care and compliance with SPs.ConclusionsNurses’ safety climate directly affected the quality of care and SPs adherence and compliance. The quality of care mediated the impact of safety climate on SPs adherence. Finally, SPs adherence demonstrated a mediating effect among quality of care, safety climate, and SPs compliance.Implications for nursing policy and practiceNursing policymakers and administrators can use the findings to design strategic policies and sustainable in‐service educational courses fostering and maintaining nurses' safety climate, quality of care, and SPs adherence and compliance.
Synthesis of high entropy monoboride (Mo0.25W0.25Cr0.25Ta0.25)B powders with abundant twins from oxides
Authors: Li Lin , Qiu Shuaihang , Zou Ji , Liu Jingjing , Ji Wei , Wang Weimin , Fu Zhengyi 
Published: March 2024

AbstractHigh entropy monoborides powders are mainly prepared from metal and boron powders which can be costly. In this study, a novel approach starting from mixed oxides, boron carbide, and graphite was first developed to synthesize quaternary monoboride powders by combining multiple boro/carbothermal reductions (MBCTR). As an exemplar, (Mo0.25W0.25Cr0.25Ta0.25)B powders with purity up to 94.3 wt.% were successfully synthesized by heating the mixtures in vacuum at 1650°C for three times, as‐synthesized powders exhibit fine particle size (<1 µm) and uniform elemental distribution. MBCTR not only increased the purity of monoborides but resulted in abundant twins and stacking faults in the final powders. This work has proposed a new and low‐cost strategy of synthesizing high‐purity and fine monoboride powders.
The EU's Geoeconomic Turn: From Policy Laggard to Institutional Innovator
Authors: Bauerle Danzman Sarah , Meunier Sophie 
Published: March 2024

AbstractHeightened geopolitical tensions and the growing securitization of economic exchange over the past decade have prompted many countries to adopt new geoeconomic tools. Long resistant to this geoeconomic turn, the European Union (EU) has since 2017 created a panoply of innovative policy tools that blend trade and investment with essential security concerns. This article asks why and how the EU has been able to operate the doctrinal and policy changes necessary to put economic tools at the service of geopolitics. After introducing a typology of the defensive and offensive geoeconomic tools deployed by advanced industrial economies, we present the novel geoeconomic toolkit quickly assembled by the EU, which we explain by the confluence of external factors that triggered European leaders' beliefs that change was necessary and internal factors that made such change institutionally and politically possible, a trend reinforced by the pandemic and the Russian invasion of Ukraine.
The chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes of two Gomphonema parvulum (Bacillariophyta) environmental isolates from South Carolina (United States) and Virginia (United States)
Authors: Cahoon A. Bruce , Johnson Katherine M. , Brown Sydney M. , Manoylov Kalina M. , Nienow James A. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractGomphonema parvulum is a cosmopolitan freshwater diatom that is used as an indicator in water quality biomonitoring. In this study, we report the culturing of two geographically separated isolates from southeastern North America, their morphology, and the sequencing and assembly of their mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes. Morphologically, both strains fit G. parvulum sensu lato, but the frustules from a protected habitat in South Carolina were smaller than those cited in the historic data of this species from the same location as well as a second culture from Virginia. Phylogenetic analyses using the rbcL gene placed both within a clade with G. parvulum. Genetic markers, including full chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes and the nuclear small subunit rRNA gene region were assembled from each isolate. The organellar genomes of the two strains varied slightly in size due to small differences in intergenic regions with chloroplast genomes of 121,035 bp and 121,482 bp and mitochondrial genomes of 34,639 bp and 34,654 bp. The intraspecific pairwise identities of the chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes of these two isolates were 97.9% and 95.4%, respectively. Multigene phylogenetic analysis demonstrated a close relationship between G. parvulum, Gomphoneis minuta, and Didymosphenia geminata.
Long‐term oncological results of percutaneous radiofrequency ablation for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Alitti Clémentine , Rode Agnès , Trillaud Hervé , Merle Philippe , Blanc Jean‐Frédéric , Blaise Lorraine , Demory Alix , Nkontchou Gisele , Grando Véronique , Ziol Marianne , Nahon Pierre , Ganne‐Carrié Nathalie , Petit Arthur , Seror Olivier , Sutter Olivier , Nault Jean‐Charles 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIntroductionThe effectiveness of percutaneous radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas (iCCA) remains insufficiently studied.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective study including patients with histologically proven iCCA within Milan criteria treated by percutaneous RFA from 2000 to 2022. The primary outcome was overall survival in treatment‐naive patients and secondary outcomes included ablation completeness, adverse events, local and distant recurrence. A total of 494 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) on cirrhosis treated by RFA were included as a comparison group. Oncological events were analysed using Kaplan–Meier, log‐rank and univariate/multivariate Cox models.ResultsThe main population included 71 patients, mostly cirrhotic (80%) with solitary tumours (66%) of a median size of 24 mm. Local recurrence was 45% at 5 years, lower in multibipolar versus monopolar RFA (22% vs. 55%, p = .007). In treatment‐naive patients (n = 45), median overall and recurrence‐free survivals were 26 and 11 months, respectively. Tumour size (p = .01) and Child‐Pugh B (p = .001) were associated with death. The rate of distant recurrence was 59% at 5 years significantly lower for single tumours of less than 2 (p = .002) or 3 cm (p = .02). In cirrhotic patients naïve of previous treatment (n = 40), overall survival was shorter than in HCC (26 vs 68 months, p < .0001), with more local recurrences (p < .0001). Among distant recurrences, 50% were extrahepatic metastases compared to 12% in HCC (p < .001).ConclusionMultibipolar RFA provides better results in terms of tumour recurrence than monopolar RFA and could be used to treat small iCCA (<3 cm). Adjuvant chemotherapy should be discussed due to the frequent extra‐hepatic metastasis at recurrence.
The Evolution of the Gulf: History and Theories Of a Complex Subregional System
Authors: Hanau Santini Ruth , Wulzer Paolo 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis article explores the relationship between international‐relations theories and Cold War and post‐Cold War historical dynamics in the Middle East, in particular the Gulf. It first identifies the theoretical approaches that have been applied or that have failed to be applied to the region's changing geopolitics, then delves into Cold War history and its impact on the Middle East and the Gulf by examining the crucial changes to the Gulf security system sparked by developments in the 1970s and the Iran‐Iraq War of 1980–1988. The article next investigates the extent to which the interplay of post‐Cold War regional conflicts and key events, from the Iraq wars of 1991 and 2003 to the Arab Spring, have impacted the Gulf subregional system. The final part scrutinizes the shifting intra‐ and extraregional Gulf politics and how theoretically informed approaches inspired by international political economy can accommodate these geopolitical changes. The article is part of a special issue examining the responses of Gulf countries to rising Sino‐American competition, edited by Andrea Ghiselli, Anoushiravan Ehteshami, and Enrico Fardella.
Deciding Under a Description
Authors: Heeney Matthew 
Published: March 2024

AbstractI issue a challenge for the view that deciding‐to‐A is rendered intentional by an intention or other pro‐attitude towards deciding. Either such an attitude cannot rationalize my deciding specifically to A for a reason I take to support doing A, or, fixing for this, cannot accommodate deciding without entertaining alternatives. If successful, the argument motivates the search for an account that does not source the intentionality of deciding in a rationalizing pro‐attitude.
Harnessing weedy rice as functional food and source of novel traits for crop improvement
Authors: Bhupenchandra Ingudam , Chongtham Sunil Kumar , Gangarani Devi Ayam , Dutta Pranab , Lamalakshmi Elangbam , Mohanty Sansuta , Choudhary Anil K. , Das Anup , Sarika Konsam , Kumar Sumit , Yumnam Sonika , Sagolsem Diana , Rupert Anand Y. , Bhutia Dawa Dolma , Victoria M. , Vinodh S. , Tania Chongtham , Dhanachandra Sharma Adhikarimayum , Deb Lipa , Sahoo Manas Ranjan , Seth Chandra Shekhar , Swapnil Prashant , Meena Mukesh 
Published: March 2024

AbstractA relative of cultivated rice (Oryza sativa L.), weedy or red rice (Oryza spp.) is currently recognized as the dominant weed, leading to a drastic loss of yield of cultivated rice due to its highly competitive abilities like producing more tillers, panicles, and biomass with better nutrient uptake. Due to its high nutritional value, antioxidant properties (anthocyanin and proanthocyanin), and nutrient absorption ability, weedy rice is gaining immense research attentions to understand its genetic constitution to augment future breeding strategies and to develop nutrition‐rich functional foods. Consequently, this review focuses on the unique gene source of weedy rice to enhance the cultivated rice for its crucial features like water use efficiency, abiotic and biotic stress tolerance, early flowering, and the red pericarp of the seed. It explores the debating issues on the origin and evolution of weedy rice, including its high diversity, signalling aspects, quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping under stress conditions, the intricacy of the mechanism in the expression of the gene flow, and ecological challenges of nutrient removal by weedy rice. This review may create a foundation for future researchers to understand the gene flow between cultivated crops and weedy traits and support an improved approach for the applicability of several models in predicting multiomics variables.
Correlated P300b and phasic pupil‐dilation responses to motivationally significant stimuli
Authors: Menicucci Danilo , Animali Silvia , Malloggi Eleonora , Gemignani Angelo , Bonanni Enrica , Fornai Francesco , Giorgi Filippo Sean , Binda Paola 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMotivationally significant events like oddball stimuli elicit both a characteristic event‐related potential (ERPs) known as P300 and a set of autonomic responses including a phasic pupil dilation. Although co‐occurring, P300 and pupil‐dilation responses to oddball events have been repeatedly found to be uncorrelated, suggesting separate origins. We re‐examined their relationship in the context of a three‐stimulus version of the auditory oddball task, independently manipulating the frequency (rare vs. repeated) and motivational significance (relevance for the participant's task) of the stimuli. We used independent component analysis to derive a P300b component from EEG traces and linear modeling to separate a stimulus‐related pupil‐dilation response from a potentially confounding action‐related response. These steps revealed that, once the complexity of ERP and pupil‐dilation responses to oddball targets is accounted for, the amplitude of phasic pupil dilations and P300b are tightly and positively correlated (across participants: r = .69 p = .002), supporting their coordinated generation.
What makes an athlete? A scoping review: Assessing the use of the word athlete with anterior cruciate ligament rehabilitation review studies. Is there a standard?
Authors: Byrne C. , Ward M. , Saeedi S. , Obuseh E. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe term athlete does not currently have an agreed definition or standardized use across the literature. We analyzed the use of the term “athlete” amongst review studies specific to Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) rehabilitation to investigate if the term was justified in its use. A comprehensive review of a database was performed to identify review papers which used the term “athlete” in the title, and which were related to ACL rehabilitation and surveillance. These papers were analyzed and their source papers were extracted for review. Twenty‐eight review papers were identified. Source studies were extracted and analyzed. After removal of duplicates 223 source papers were identified. Despite using the term “athlete” in the review study titles only 5/17 (10.7%) sufficiently justified the use of this term. The term athlete was used in 117/223 (52.5%) of the source studies. Of those, 78/117 source studies (66.7%) justified the term athlete. The remaining 39/117 (33.3%) papers where participants were stated to be athletes, gave no justification. The ambiguous use of the term athlete amongst published studies highlights the need for a definition or justification of the term to be used in studies. The lack of a standard definition leads to the potential for studies to dilute high quality data by the potentially differing rehabilitation requirements and access to resources available to those with varying exercise levels. The indiscriminate use of the term athlete could lead to participants with widely ranging physical activity levels being included in the same study, and being used to create clinical advice for all. Advice could potentially vary across those of differing physical activity levels.