bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Behaviour of single‐phase full‐wave rectifier
Authors: Herraiz S. , Sainz L. , Pedra J. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis paper describes the line side behaviour of single‐phase uncontrolled rectifiers with AC‐side reactance and capacitive load, depending on the short‐circuit ratio at the valve side of the rectifier. The influence of both finite DC link capacitance and AC ohmic resistance is considered in the analysis too. As a result of the study, a set of graphics was generated. This allows a user‐friendly estimation of the line current consumed by the device (fundamental and harmonic currents).
Loss determination for long three‐phase high‐voltage submarine cables
Authors: Brakelmann H. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractFor the planned, great offshore‐wind farms with extended medium‐voltage cable networks and distances to the onshore grid connection point of 100 km or more, the costs of the cables and their losses play an important role. In this paper basic equations are developed to determine the losses of long three‐phase AC cables, taking into account the longitudinal distributions of current and temperature. It is shown, that the determination of cable losses by means of the line equations based on the nominal ohmic resistance, i.e. in neglecting the temperature‐dependence, may lead to essential errors, with the risk of counterfeited valuations of the installation devices under technical and economical aspects. The relations derived in this paper allow a fast determination of the load‐ and temperature‐dependent cable losses by means of a few, only cable‐specific parameters.
The transformer thermal loss of life: Part 1 ‐ improved deterministic approach for thermal and ageing models
Authors: Resende M. J. , Pierrat L. , Santana J. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractDue to computers' widespread, models used in Power Engineering reached an unthinkable complexity and precision. However, the nature of the problem has changed: we rarely use fully the precision of nowadays models, because parameters and operating conditions are submitted to uncertainty. Apart from a limiting range of rated values, realistic operating conditions are not completely known, which is as evident as long the device is alife. In this context, the estimation of the distribution transformer loss of life is a pertinent problem that we propose to solve by developing and illustrating a new appropriate methodology. Because of the subject extent, we considered three successive aspects: first, an improved deterministic approach for thermal and ageing models; second, a probabilistic extension considering functional variability and model structural uncertainty and the third one, an application to the power derating problem in case of harmonic distortion load. This paper corresponds to the first aspect.
A flexible dynamic model of multiproduct technology for the West German economy
Authors: Nakamura Shinichiro 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis paper tests symmetry and negativity of the Slutsky matrix for a system of demand functions derived from an aggregate model of multi product technology within a flexible dynamic framework. The model considers three inputs and three outputs, including imports and exports of intermediate goods. We derive a static demand model from a trans log cost function and specify the data generation process by a stationary ARX (1, 1) model. Results based on West German quarterly data indicate that the integrability conditions are not rejected when imposed on the ARX (1, 1) model, whereas they are rejected for all the less general dynamic models considered.
Macroeconometric model comparison and evaluation techniques: A practical appraisal
Authors: Parke William R. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis paper examines four model comparison techniques in the setting of an actual large‐scale U.S. macroeconomic model. The techniques include formal hypothesis tests, mean squared error analysis, and two new tests based on the complementary conditions that the structural and reduced form disturbances should be orthogonal to the predetermined variables. The latter two tests can be conveniently implemented by regressing either structural residuals or reduced form forecasting errors on a vector of predetermined variables. The empirical example tests restrictions on the simultaneous feedback effects of prices, wage rates, and interest rates.
Minute by minute: Efficiency, normality, and randomness in intra‐daily asset prices
Authors: Feinstone Lauren J. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractIn this study we test the efficiency of asset markets at intervals as short as 30 seconds. We also describe the properties of a simple new stochastic process as a potential model of the behaviour of asset prices and test it on intra‐daily Deutsche Mark futures prices. According to this process, asset prices are constant between economically relevant events, which occur at the random times generated by a Poisson process. At the moments of these events, prices jump to new values; the size of the jump is drawn from a normal distribution. Tests of this process indicate that it cannot be rejected for most of the days in the sample.
A keynesian macro‐econometric model of the UK: 1955–1984
Authors: Desai Meghnad , Weber Guglielmo 
Published: July 2007

AbstractIn this paper we present a small Keynesian macro‐economic model in which wage‐price determination is linked to the working of goods and money markets. By explicitly treating the Keynes effect we derive a general expression for the employment‐money supply elasticity, and draw the IS‐LM loci in the employment‐interest rate spaceOur empirical specification allows for short‐run disequilibrium dynamic adjustments around the static long‐run relations predicted by the theoretical model. By careful use of our specification search strategy we obtain a statistically sound econometric model, which exhibits sensible long‐run properties. A remarkable finding implied by our estimates is that equilibrium unemployment is negatively affected by both money supply and incomes policy.
Money stock targeting and money supply: An intertemporal optimization approach (with an application to Canada)
Authors: Mercenier Jean , Sekkat Khalid 
Published: July 2007

AbstractWe propose a model of the short‐term behaviour of the monetary authorities of a small open economy that is willing to stabilize, to some extent, its bilateral exchange rate vis‐à‐vis a dominant partner. The optimal money supply strategy is derived using intertemporal optimization arguments, in a rational expectations environment, The model is formulated so as to avoid the time inconsistency problem stressed by Kydland and Prescott (1977). It allows econometric estimation of the optimal money supply rule as well as of the parameters of the intertemporal utility function, and of the function that defines the intermediate target money stock. The model is successfully estimated on Canadian quarterly data, using maximum‐likelihood techniques.
The climacteric in late victorian Britain and France: A reappraisal of the evidence
Authors: Crafts N. F. R. , Leybourne S. J. , Mills T. C. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe paper investigates the question of whether the trend rate of growth of GDP slowed down in Britain or France in the nineteenth century. We establish that real GDP belongs to the trend‐stationary process class of time‐series in each case rather than the difference‐stationary process and using Kalman filter techniques, analyse trends in a model incorporating time‐varying parameters without specifying breakpoints in advance. We find, contrary to the literature, that neither country experienced a climacteric. Our results suggest that economic historians have been prone to exaggerated views of variations in trend economic growth.
Survival analysis software on MS/PC‐DOS computers
Authors: Goldstein Richard , Anderson Jennifer , Ash Arlene , Craig Ben , Harrington David , Pagano Marcello 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThere exist more than a dozen MS/PC‐DOS programs with the capability of performing some form of survival analysis. Most of these are reviewed here, with respect to (1) the survival analysis methods they cover, (2) their ease of use and flexibility, (3) their user interface, (4) their graphics capabilities, and (5) their computational accuracy.
The problem of not observing small expenditures in a consumer expenditure survey
Authors: Alessie Rob , Gradus Raymond , Melenberg Bertrand 
Published: July 2007

AbstractIn consumer expenditure surveys one often faces the problem that full information on small consumption expenditures is not available. Suppose a panel of households is available, which is divided into two subsamples, say, A and B. For subsample B all expenditures are registered, but from subsample A only expenditures above some fixed amount, say Z dollars. Suppose, furthermore, that in some economic analysis the use of the sum of all expenditures of each single observation in the sample is required. It is then evident that the use of the (observed) sum of expenditures above Z dollars instead of the (unobserved) sum of all expenditures in case of observations in subsample A will lead to understimation of the sum of all expenditures. To correct for this underestimation one could, for instance, make use of blow‐up factors, computed with subsample B, or one could construct a Tobit model explaining the sum of expenditures below Z dollars and use this model, after estimating it with subsample B, to predict the sum of expenditures belwo Z dollars in subsample A. In this paper we propose an alternative method to correct for the underestimation. The method consists of constructing a model, which explains the sum of expenditures below Z dollars, by explicitly taking into account that each one of these is below Z dollars. This model is estimated on the subsample B data and can then be used to compute the expected values of the sum of expenditures below Z dollars made by households in subsample A. We apply this and the other two methods to a Dutch panel where the above‐mentioned situation actually occurred. The sample consists of two subsamples; for one subsample all expenditures are registered, but for the other subsample only expenditures above 10 Dutch guilders.
Describing the separability properties of empirical demand systems
Authors: Baccouche Rafiq , Laisney François 
Published: July 2007

AbstractIn empirical demand analysis separability restrictions are usually imposed as maintained hypotheses. The separability inflexibility of most functional forms makes parametric tests of these restrictions appear problematic. We follow Pudney (1981) in stressing the usefulness of a description of the separable structure of preferences underlying an estimated model, and propose a non‐iterative method for the production of such a description. An illustration with different models estimated for nine categories of goods on French aggregate time‐series data is presented.
Demand for durable and nondurable goods, environmental policy and consumer welfare
Authors: Conrad K. , Schröder M. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractIf a tax on energy affects the demand for a nondurable good, the stock of a durable good, and the proportion of the energy consumption per unit of service of the durable good, an integrated approach for investigating consumer demand for durables and nondurables is required. The purpose of this paper is to employ the concept of a variable expenditure function with quasi‐fixed durable goods as arguments in order to derive a demand system for nondurable goods in prices of the nondurables, in the stocks of durables, and in variable expenditure. From the envelope condition desired stocks of durables can be calculated and investment demand for durables can be determined. For an application we choose a variable expenditure function based on the almost ideal demand specification, and evaluate alternative environmental policy measures using the equivalent variation for comparing the welfare effects.
The stationarity of British economic and productivity growth 1856–1913
Authors: Greasley D. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractCharacterization of late nineteenth‐century British economic performance rests heavily on identifying trends and turning points in GDP and productivity growth. Crafts, Leybourne and Mills (1989) provide the most sophisticated study in this genre, deploying a time‐varying parameter model, to severely dent the notion of a climacteric. This paper argues the linear trend approach to assessing the climacteric may be otiose. Investigating the order of integration of the GDP series, and the cointegration of GDP and factor input growth, suggests both GDP and productivity growth tended to revert to a constant mean rate within the period 1856–1913, and undermines the notion of a climacteric.
Alternative estimators for factor garch models—A monte carlo comparison
Authors: Lin Wen‐Ling 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis paper proposes four estimators for factor GARCH models: two‐stage univariate GARCH (2SUE), two‐stage quasi‐maximum likelihood (2SML), quasi‐maximum likelihood with known factor weights (RMLE), quasi‐maximum likelihood with unknown factor weights (MLE). A Monte‐Carlo study is designed for bivariate one‐factor GARCH models to examine the finite sample properties. Results are presented for biases, ratios of standard errors to standard deviations, ratios of variances, coverage of confidence intervals, effects of misspecified factor weights, and finite sample properties of the 2SUE for factor GARCH‐in‐mean models.
Stochastic trends and economic fluctuations in a small open economy
Authors: Mellander E. , Vredin A. , Warne A. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractIn this paper we describe how restricted vector autoregressions can be employed to examine the sources of macroeconomic fluctuations. We show how cointegration restrictions can be used to identify a VAR system with common stochastic trends subject to transitory and permanent changes in average growth, and how we may investigate the system's responses to permanent shocks, i.e. to innovations to the trends. Theoretical cointegration vectors are derived from a small open economy growth model for terms of trade, real GDP, real consumption, and real investments. Applying these methods to Swedish annual data (1875–1986) we find that permanent real (supply) shocks account for most of the fluctuations in GDP, even in the short run.
Aggregate shocks and macroeconomic fluctuations: A bayesian approach
Authors: Koop G. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis paper describes Bayesian techniques for analysing the effects of aggregate shocks on macroeconomic time‐series. Rather than calculate point estimates of the response of a time‐series to an aggregate shock, we calculate the whole probability density function of the response and use Monte‐Carlo or Gibbs sampling techniques to evaluate its properties. The proposed techniques impose identification restrictions in a way that includes the uncertainty in these restrictions, and thus are an improvement over traditional approaches that typically use least‐squares techniques supplemented by bootstrapping. We apply these techniques in the context of two different models. A key finding is that measures of uncertainty, such as posterior standard deviations, are much larger than are their classical counterparts.
Threshold arch models and asymmetries in volatility
Authors: Rabemananjara R. , Zakoian J. M. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis paper attempts to enlarge the class of Threshold Heteroscedastic Models (TARCH) introduced by Zakoían (1991a). We show that it is possible to relax the positivity constraints on the parameters of the conditional variance. Unconstrained models provide a greater generality of the paths allowing for nonlinearities in the volatility. Cyclical behaviour is permitted as well as different relative impacts of positive and negative shocks on volatility, depending on their size. We give empirical evidence using French stock returns.
Bayesian inference in limited dependent variable models. An application to measuring strike duration
Authors: Dejong D. N. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis paper presents a straightforward set of Bayesian techniques for analyzing models involving limited dependent variables; the techniques are demonstrated in an analysis of Kennan's (1985) data on contract strikes in US manufacturing. The data are analyzed by deriving posterior distributions—including probability distributions—of hazard functions for strike duration using numerical Monte Carlo methods. The distributions are employed to derive coverage intervals for hazard functions, to assess the relative plausibility of nonnested hypotheses concerning the shape of the functions, and to assess the impact of industrial production on duration.
Structural shifts in the manufacturing export performance of oecd economies
Authors: Landesmann M. , Snell A. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis paper identifies structural shifts in manufacturing export performance of the major OECD economies. The particular emphasis of this study is to see whether the longer‐run responses of a country's exports to the growth in world demand have undergone trend changes. The econometric work focuses on the time variation in income elasticities from an export demand model over the period 1963–89. It thus covers a period in which there was a substantial slow‐down in world economic growth and in which the manufacturing sectors in advanced economies underwent substantial restructuring in the wake of the two oil‐price shocks and the competitive challenges of Japan and the NICs. The exercise attempted to evaluate the relative successes and failures of the different OECD economies to maintain or improve their positions in the ‘higher quality’ (income elastic) segments of world trade. Evidence was found for trend improvements in the income elasticity for UK exports from the early 1980s onwards and a trend decline for that of the US over the same period. The effects of non‐tariff protection against Japanese exports also showed up in our results and an attempt was made to separately identify its effects.
An adjustment cost model of long‐term employment in Japan
Authors: Nakamura S. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA dynamic factor demand model is presented which pays special attention to the prevalence of a long‐term employment relationship in Japan. The model is based on the representation of technology by a variable cost function with adjustment costs for employment and capital stock, where the variable cost consists of the sum of overtime costs and materials costs. With employment being quasi‐fixed and scheduled hours institutionally regulated, short‐run adjustments are mostly made by overtime hours. Application to a time‐series data on the Japanese electrical machinery industry indicates quasi‐fixity of capital and employment and reproduces short‐run overshooting of overtime hours to compensate for the sluggish adjustment of employment.
Testing the proportional hazards assumption in the presence of unmeasured heterogeneity
Authors: McCall B. P. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis paper develops a discrete‐time hazard model which accounts for unmeasured hetergeneity while allowing the coefficients of the regressors to vary over time. Sufficient conditions for nonparametric identifiability of the unmeasured heterogeneity distribution are derived. Testing for time‐varying coefficients in this model is, under suitable conditions, equivalent to testing the proportionality assumption of the underlying continuous‐time hazard model. Some Monte Carlo evidence is presented regarding the small‐sample properties of this test. As an illustration, these tests are applied to the joblessness durations of displaced workers.
Allocation of individuals to job levels under rationing
Authors: Hartog J. , Ridder G. , Visser M. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractWe augment an ordered response model for the job level at which individuals desire to work with allowance for individual reporting of a discrepancy between actual and desired job level, and we also investigate possible biases from restricting the observations to the employed, and omitting the unemployed. We find that the latter bias can be ignored and interpret this as evidence that the unemployed are not choosier than the employed. People claiming inadequate capability utilization are not markedly differently allocated than those claiming a proper match. Women's lower job levels cannot be explained from rationing by capability utilization.
Certificate‐of‐need regulation and the diffusion of innovations: A random coefficient model
Authors: Caudill Steven B. , Ford Jon M. , Kaserman David L. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractIn this paper, we examine empirically the effect that certificate‐of‐need regulation by state health planning organizations has had on the speed of diffusion of a relatively new medical technology—haemodialysis. Specifically, we test the hypothesis that a requirement that investments be subject to certificate‐of‐need review has significantly slowed the rate of adoption of this particular treatment modality. In subjecting this hypothesis to empirical verification, we estimate a random coefficient model. This approach allows us to make more efficient use of the available data than the traditional two‐stage approach to modelling diffusion processes wherein separate logistic functions are first estimated over the time series observations followed by hypothesis tests conducted over the cross‐sectional observations. We find evidence that certificate‐of‐need regulation slows the spread of haemodialysis technology.
American Society for Apheresis, Society of Hemapheresis Specialists and Francis S. Morrison, MD, revisited
Authors: Strauss Ronald G. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe histories of the American Society for Apheresis (ASFA) and the Society for Hemapheresis Specialists (SHS) are intimately intertwined with Francis S Morrison, MD. Because many of the relevant historical events are not recorded as written documents, it is useful to revisit them via the memory of those who lived‐through the growth and development of ASFA. ASFA began in 1982 as an organization of physicians interested in automated hemapheresis—actually, meetings of ASFA perse were preceded in the late 1970s by apheresis symposia sponsored by the American Red Cross Blood Services in Chicago. Concurrently, SHS formed as an organization of nurses and “operators” performing hemapheresis procedures and held meetings separate from ASFA. Following a number of turbulent years, ASFA and SHS merged. Trusting my memory and a few personal documents, I will touch on many of the notable events of ASFA and SHS history. Because of the leadership of Dr. Fran Morrison during many crucial events in ASFA history, I will make special efforts to remember his contributions to ASFA as an organization and the ways in which he touched the lives of many ASFA members. J. Clin. Apheresis., 2007 © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Improved syntheses of acridines. Part V. The dechlorination of 5‐chloroacridines and a new synthesis of acridine
Authors: Albert Adrien , Willis John Bryan 
Published: July 2007

AbstractB‐Chloroacridine (II) was converted to acridine in 80% yiold by hydrogenation in the presence of potassium hydroxide and ranoy‐nicked catalyst at atmospheric picture followed by oxidation of the resulting acridnn (III) with chromic acid. The scope of the now reaction for the preparation of substituted acridities is discussed, with examples. A critical comparison is made of the various methods available for the preparation of acridine.