bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent enterovirus infection in type 1 diabetes: Evidence with a novel IgM method
Authors: Elfaitouri A. , Berg A.‐K. , Frisk G. , Yin H. , Tuvemo T. , Blomberg J. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractEnterovirus (EV) infection has been associated with Type 1 (T1D) diabetes and on a few occasions virus could be isolated at onset of the disease. Using two such isolates as antigens in a quantitative PCR enhanced immunoassay (T1D‐EV‐QPIA) we have measured IgM antibodies against such potentially diabetogenic viruses in serum from 33 newly diagnosed T1D children, 24 siblings, and 27 healthy children. Sera were also analysed with regard to autoantibodies against GAD65, the cytokine TNF‐α and the chemokine IP‐10. EV‐RNA detection was performed on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). IgM antibodies against this “new” EV antigen were more frequent in serum from T1D children than in serum from siblings and/or controls (P < 0.001). EV‐RNA was detected more frequently in PBMC from T1D children than in healthy control children (P < 0.001) and also compared to the siblings (P < 0.003). The cytokine TNF‐α was less frequently detected in serum from the T1D children compared with serum from siblings and/controls (P < 0.001). A positive correlation was found between the results obtained with the T1D‐EV‐QPIA and the EV‐PCR (P < 0.001). These findings are in line with earlier findings of an increased frequency of enteroviral infections in newly diagnosed T1D patients. In addition, we found that T1D children at onset of the disease had lower frequencies of the chemokine TNF‐α in their serum than age‐ and sex‐matched controls had, suggesting an impaired immune response. J. Med. Virol. 79:1861–1867, 2007. © Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Population‐based study on the seroprevalence of hepatitis A, B, and C virus infection in Amsterdam, 2004
Authors: Baaten G.G.G. , Sonder G.J.B. , Dukers N.H.T.M. , Coutinho R.A. , Van den Hoek J.A.R. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractIn order to enhance screening and preventive strategies, this study investigated the seroprevalence of hepatitis A, B, and C in the general adult urban population and in subgroups. In 2004, sera from 1,364 adult residents of Amsterdam were tested for viral markers. Sociodemographic characteristics were collected using a standardized questionnaire. For hepatitis A, 57.0% was immune. Of first‐generation immigrants from Turkey and Morocco, 100% was immune. Of all Western persons and second‐generation non‐Western immigrants, approximately half was still susceptible. For hepatitis B, 9.9% had antibodies to hepatitis B core antigen (anti‐HBc) and 0.4% had hepatitis B surface antigen. Anti‐HBc seroprevalences were highest among first‐generation immigrants from Surinam, Morocco, and Turkey, and correlated with age at the time of immigration, and among men with a sexual preference for men. Seroprevalence among second‐generation immigrants was comparable to Western persons. The seroprevalence of hepatitis C virus antibodies was 0.6%. In conclusion, a country with overall low endemicity for viral hepatitis can show higher endemicity in urban regions, indicating the need for differentiated regional studies and prevention strategies. More prevention efforts in cities like Amsterdam are warranted, particularly for hepatitis A and B among second‐generation immigrants, for hepatitis B among men with a sexual preference for men, and for hepatitis C. Active case finding strategies are needed for both hepatitis B and C. J. Med. Virol. 79:1802–1810, 2007. © Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Epstein‐Barr virus immune response in high‐risk nasopharyngeal carcinoma families in Greenland
Authors: Friborg Jeppe , Jarrett Ruth F. , Liu Mei‐Ying , Falk Kerstin I. , Koch Anders , Olsen Ove R. , Duncan Pamela , Wohlfarht Jan , Chen Jen‐Yang , Melbye Mads 
Published: October 2007

AbstractUndifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma is associated with Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) infection. Presence of EBV IgA antibodies is rare among healthy individuals and is used as a marker of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in high‐incidence populations. Reasons for EBV IgA seropositivity are unknown, but high EBV IgA levels have been found among unaffected close family members and spouses to nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients in Chinese populations. In Greenland, a nasopharyngeal carcinoma‐high‐incidence area, we compared EBV serology and viral load in high‐risk nasopharyngeal carcinoma family members (N = 20) and controls without nasopharyngeal carcinoma‐affected relatives (N = 90). There was no significant difference in EBV viral loads between relatives and controls, and EBV was detected in plasma in 5.0% of relatives and 11.4% of controls. There was no significant difference in EBV serology, but the seroprevalence of EBV viral capsid antigen (VCA) IgA was high in both relatives (25.0%) and controls (20.5%). Compared with anti‐VCA IgA‐negative, anti‐VCA IgA‐positive individuals had significantly higher EBV viral loads in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) (P < 0.01). The very high prevalence of anti‐VCA IgA indicates that this antibody is unsuitable for nasopharyngeal carcinoma screening among Inuits. J. Med. Virol. 79:1877–1881, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
HPV group‐ and type‐specific concordance in HPV infected sexual couples
Authors: Giovannelli Lucia , Bellavia Carmelina , Capra Giuseppina , Migliore Maria Colomba , Caleca MariaPia , Giglio Maria , Perino Antonio , Matranga Domenica , Ammatuna Pietro 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe concordance of human papillomavirus (HPV) groups and types was evaluated in 45 sexual couples with both partners HPV infected, by analyzing cervical samples from women and three genital sites (penile brushing, urethral brushing, and semen) from men. When grouping HPV types, no significant HPV group sharing was found between partners, either considering samples from any male site (concordance: 55.5%; P = 0.11) or from each site (concordance by penile brushing, 37.8%; urethral brushing, 24.5%; semen, 22.3%; P > 0.05). Examining individual HPV types, using samples from any male site, concordance was found in 29 (64.4%; P = 0.036) couples; significant concordance was evident for 16 HPV genotypes, the most frequent being HPV‐6, ‐66, ‐31, ‐51, and ‐53. Using samples from specific male sites, concordance was found by penile brushing in 24 (53.3%) couples, urethral brushing in 16 (35.5%), and semen in 7 (15.5%; P = 0.014). Among the 16 HPV types shared by examining samples from any male site, 9 (56.3%) were in common by penile brushing, 11 (68.7%) by urethral brushing, and 6 (37.5%; P = 0.48) by semen. Combined penile brushing and urethral brushing sampling identified all the 29 couples concordant by the three male sites; combined penile brushing and semen detected 26 (89.6%) concordant couples. The most adequate approach to the assessment of HPV concordance in sexual couples could be based on the analysis of individual HPV types and the sampling of men by penile brushing combined with urethral brushing. The high and significant degree of HPV type‐specific concordance confirms HPV transmission between sexual partners. J. Med. Virol. 79:1882–1888, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Presence of hepatitis E virus in sewage in Northern India: Frequency and seasonal pattern
Authors: Ippagunta Sirish Kumar , Naik Sita , Sharma Bechan , Aggarwal Rakesh 
Published: October 2007

AbstractOutbreaks of acute hepatitis E, associated with consumption of contaminated drinking water, are frequent in India. Sewage is a major source for contamination of surface water. Data on the presence of hepatitis E virus (HEV) in sewage in India are limited. The aim of this study was to look for the presence of HEV RNA in concentrates of sewage specimens collected from a major open sewage drain in Lucknow, India during August 2004 to July 2006, by the polymerase chain reaction, using primers specific for human HEV (genotype 1) or Indian swine HEV (genotype 4). Of the 192 sewage specimens tested, 79 (41%) showed presence of human HEV RNA. The positivity rate was higher during the second year (52/103 [51%]) than during the first year (27/89 [30%]; P = 0.005). The seasonal pattern of HEV RNA positivity was as follows: winter months (November to February): 28 of 61 (46%); summer months (March to June): 36 of 66 (55%); and, monsoon months (July to October) 15 of 65 (23%). There was no reported outbreak of hepatitis E in the city during the study period. Swine HEV RNA was not detected in any of the 69 specimens tested. Repeat testing confirmed the reproducibility of the results. In addition, nucleic acid sequencing of six sewage isolates showed that these belonged to HEV genotype 1. The study suggests that HEV infection and fecal viral excretion may be common in HEV‐endemic regions throughout the year even during non‐epidemic periods. J. Med. Virol. 79:1827–1831, 2007. © Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prevalence of human papillomavirus types 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, and 33 in a cohort of Greek women
Authors: Panotopoulou Efstathia , Tserkezoglou Aliki , Kouvousi Maria , Tsiaousi Ioanna , Chatzieleftheriou George , Daskalopoulou Demitra , Magiakos George 
Published: October 2007

AbstractTo study HPV prevalence and HPV types 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, and 33 distribution in cervical smears in a cohort of Greek women. One thousand six hundred thirty‐six samples were cytologically evaluated and molecularly analyzed, by PCR based assay. Abnormal cytology was identified in 997 women and 75.4% of them were HPV DNA positive, while 639 had normal cytology and 24.6% were HPV DNA positive. HPV was detected in 62.9% of 256 ASCUS smears, 89.3% of 516 LSIL, 86.7% of 60 HSIL and 47.3% of 165 with cervical carcinoma. Overall, HPV 11 was the most common type (13.4%), followed by 18 (10.3%), 6 (7.2%), 16 (6.4%), 31 (3.4%) and 33 (3.4%). Multiple infections with two (11.3%) or more types, primarily 11 and 18 (4.8%), were also identified. Low‐risk types 11 and 6 were common in ASCUS (36.6% and 26.4%, respectively), and high‐risk types 16 and 18 in HSIL (42.3% and 30.8%, respectively) and in cancer (51.3% and 41%, respectively). Multiple infections were detected in 2.2% of normal and 31.7% of HSIL. HPV prevalence was 75.4% in abnormal and 24.6% in normal cervical smears. HPV 16 and 18 were the most common types in cancer. Single infection with type 11 and multiple infections with 11 and 18 were more frequent. J. Med. Virol. 79:1898–1905, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Retrospective study of the prevalence of human T‐cell lymphotropic virus‐type 1/2, HIV, and HBV in pregnant women in Argentina
Authors: Trenchi Alejandra , Gastaldello René , Balangero Marcos , Irizar Marta , Cudolá Analía , Gallego Sandra 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThis study shows first data on HTLV‐1/2 seroprevalence among pregnant women in the non‐endemic region of Argentina. In a retrospective study a representative sample (n = 3,143) of the pregnant women registered in the health public service in the province of Córdoba was evaluated. HTLV‐1/2 seroprevalence was 0.191% ± 0.0857 [IC 0.022–0.359]. This prevalence was 10 times higher in pregnant women than in blood donors [0.019 (4/21.183)]. The pregnant women would reflect the epidemiology of the general population more accurately since it constitutes a more heterogeneous group than that of blood donors. The prevalence of infection with HIV was 2.8 times higher than that of HTLV‐1/2 (P < 0.05) and the presence of any of these two viruses was not a subrogating indicator of the presence of the other (Goodman and Kruskal's Tau coefficient = 0.0092). The prevalence of HBV was not significantly different from that of HTLV‐1/2 (P > 0.05). We consider that it is necessary to carry out continuous studies in order to define the main risk factors for infection of these women. Thus, a decision could be made to apply the best policy in public health to prevent vertical transmission of the virus in Argentina. J. Med. Virol. 79:1974–1978, 2007. © Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cyclosporin a inhibits HTLV‐I tax expression and shows anti‐tumor effects in combination with VP‐16
Authors: Ozaki Atsuo , Arima Naomichi , Matsushita Kakushi , Uozumi Kimiharu , Akimoto Masaki , Hamada Heiichiro , Kawada Hideaki , Horai Sawako , Tanaka Yuetsu , Tei Chuwa 
Published: October 2007

AbstractAdult T cell leukemia (ATL) is one of the most refractory malignant hematological diseases. Our previous studies demonstrated HTLV‐1Tax protein involvement in clinical manifestation of the aggressive type of ATL and suggested the potential application of agents to inhibit Tax expression for ATL treatment. In the present study, we first examined Tax involvement in the resistance to VP‐16‐induced apoptosis using four HTLV‐1 infected T cell clones and cTax DNA‐transfected cells. Next, we examined whether cyclosporin A reduced expression of Tax and its related transfer factors on Western blot and CAT assay. We further investigated whether cyclosporin A in combination with VP‐16 can induce apoptosis in HTLV‐1 infected T cells. Tax‐producing T cells, K3T and F6T, were resistant to VP‐16 induced growth inhibition compared with that of the nonproducing cells, S1T and Su9T01. Experiments using S1T and Tax‐expressing cDNA‐transfected S1T demonstrated Tax‐induced resistance to VP‐16 induction of apoptosis by DNA ladder formation. Cyclosporin A reduced Tax expression in K3T by Western blot analysis and on CAT assay, showing maximal reduction of 61% and 60% compared to control culture using LTR CAT transfected Jurkat cells and K3T cells, respectively. Cyclosporin A also reduced the nuclear expression of two Tax‐related transfer factors, ATF‐1 and ATF‐2 on Western blot. Cyclosporin A alone did not show any cytotoxicity by itself, but sensitized cells to VP‐16 when combined with VP‐16. Cyclosporin A may be a useful anti‐ATL agent when combined with other anti‐cancer agents possibly related to Tax inhibition. J. Med. Virol. 79:1906–1913, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sequence analysis of vietnamese P[6] rotavirus strains suggests evidence of interspecies transmission
Authors: Nguyen Tuan Anh , Khamrin Pattara , Trinh Quang Duy , Phan Tung Gia , Pham Le Duc , Hoang Le Phuc , Hoang Kim Trong , Yagyu Fumihiro , Okitsu Shoko , Ushijima Hiroshi 
Published: October 2007

AbstractNucleotide and amino acid sequences of the VP8☆ gene of five Vietnamese P[6] rotavirus strains detected from hospitalized patients with acute gastroenteritis were analyzed and compared with other human and porcine P[6] rotaviruses. It is of interest that these strains had greatest identity with two Italian porcine rotavirus strains, 134/04‐10 and 134/04‐11. To our knowledge, these five Vietnamese rotaviruses are the rare P[6] rotavirus strains belonging to lineage I that cluster into sublineage Ic with porcine rotaviruses, and not into sublineage Ia, as other human P[6] rotaviruses have done so far. Sequence analysis of the VP7 gene of these P[6] rotavirus strains was also performed. The results showed that the Vietnamese G9P[6] strain had high similarity with other human G9 rotaviruses, confirming a human–animal reassortant virus, whereas other three G4P[6] strains had best identity with porcine G4 rotavirus strains, suggesting interspecies transmission of rotavirus between porcine and humans. This result provides the important data on molecular characteristics of Vietnamese rotaviruses, and highlights interspecies transmission events of rotaviruses in Vietnam as well as in Asia. J. Med. Virol. 79:1959–1965, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
HTLV‐1/2 among high‐risk groups in Argentina: Molecular diagnosis and prevalence of different sexual transmitted infections
Authors: Berini Carolina A. , Pando Maria A. , Bautista Christian T. , Eirin Maria E. , Peralta Liliana Martinez‐ , Weissenbacher Mercedes , Avila Maria M. , Biglione Mirna M. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe objectives of this study were to estimate the prevalence and characterize the epidemiologic patterns of HTLV‐1/2 infections and co‐infections with HIV, HBV (hepatitis B), HCV (hepatitis C), and Treponema Pallidum in five different high‐risk groups, including injecting drug users (IDUs), female sex workers (FSWs), men who have sex with men (MSM), patients with tuberculosis (TB), and patients attending clinics for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in Buenos Aires, Argentina. The HTLV‐1/2 prevalence was 19.1% (33/173) for IDUs, 2.0% (10/613) for FSWs, 2.1% (4/187) for TB, 1.0% (4/400) for STIs and 0.4% (3/282) for MSM, respectively. Among all groups, the higher percentages of co‐infection were HTLV‐1/HBV (63%, 17/27) and HTLV‐1/HCV (52%, 14/27). Among IDUs, there was a high percentage of co‐infection of HTLV‐2 with HCV (96.3%, 26/27), HIV (92.6%, 25/27), and HBV (77.8%, 21/27), respectively. In summary, HTLV‐1/2 infections appear to be widely distributed among high‐risk groups in a nonendemic area of Argentina being the co‐infection with HBV and HCV more frequent among IDUs. J. Med. Virol. 79:1914–1920, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A new and simple method for rapid extraction and isolation of high‐quality RNA from grape (Vitis vinifera) berries
Authors: Fort Francesca , Hayoun Loubna , Valls Josep , Canals Joan M , Arola Lluís , Zamora Fernando 
Published: October 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND: A fast and easy method to isolate RNA from grape (Vitis vinifera) berries is proposed.RESULTS: The procedure uses high concentrations of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and includes boric acid with the purpose of increasing the RNA extraction. Eppendorf tubes can be used since the amount of sample and volumes of reagents needed are small. The method is based on genomic DNA digestion with DNase I, which avoids the disadvantages of using LiCl (e.g. possible amplification of rare transcripts and reduction or even suppression of the activity of RNA‐dependent DNA polymerase). The use of DNase reduces the duration of the isolation method to 8 h. The RNA yield (32.9–49.2 µg g−1) and purity indices were satisfactory in all cases.CONCLUSION: Although there is a referenced grape berry method (RNeasy Midi Kit + polyethylene glycol) that is faster than the one proposed, it is 3.7 times more expensive and gives a lower yield. The ability to successfully amplify from the RNA extract was verified by measuring the β‐tubulin and lipoxygenase gene expression. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Comparative evaluation of flavonoid content in assessing quality of wild and cultivated vegetables for human consumption
Authors: Spina Michele , Cuccioloni Massimiliano , Sparapani Luca , Acciarri Stefano , Eleuteri Anna Maria , Fioretti Evandro , Angeletti Mauro 
Published: October 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND: Owing to the demand for ‘health foods’, commercial development of wild vegetables may find a sizable market niche if adequate agricultural methods are used to domesticate such species. Available techniques of cultivation (even in traditional farming) may provide many advantages, such as enhancement of the content of active principles in plants and improvement in the quality of the raw material to be processed on an industrial scale. In this context, the flavonoid composition and content of roots and leaves from five varieties of wild herbs (Cichorium intybus, Portulaca oleracea, Tragopogon porrifolius, Urtica dioica and Valerianella eriocarpa) and their cultivated relatives in central Italy were compared. The aims of the study were (i) to reveal the metabolic profile of particular bioactive metabolites present in some unusual food species by using a simple method of analysis, (ii) to quantify and compare the amount of polyphenolic metabolites in wild and cultivated plants and (iii) to evaluate the effect of growing conditions on polyphenolic variability. Data were subjected to statistical analysis.RESULTS: Each herb possessed a specific flavonoid fingerprint as indicated by high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) data. The total phenolic content in cultivated leaves was greater than that in wild leaves for all herbs examined (P < 0.05), with the exception of P. oleracea.CONCLUSION: The results show that the polyphenolic content of the majority of the cultivated herbs (edible parts) is no lower than that of their wild relatives, thus indicating that these species are suitable for cultivation. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Colour and viscosity of milk and soybean vanilla beverages. Instrumental and sensory measurements
Authors: Villegas Beatriz , Carbonell Inmaculada , Costell Elvira 
Published: October 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND: Differences in instrumental measurements of colour and viscosity were analysed in six commercial samples of vanilla beverages, three of milk and three of soybean. Sensory differences between them were assessed and an analysis was made of whether the perceived differences had any influence on consumer preferences with respect to these attributes.RESULTS: The milk beverages were a stronger yellow in colour (45.05≤b*≤60.02) than the soybean beverages (18.46≤b*≤21.96). The flow of all samples was Newtonian, showing viscosity values in the range 4.34–7.92 mPa s. Significant differences in viscosity were detected between samples. Sensory results revealed that the vanilla milk samples were perceived as having a stronger yellow colour and being thicker than the vanilla soymilk samples. The majority of people surveyed (n = 142) preferred the samples that were deeper yellow in colour; moreover, the thickness of milk samples was significantly more acceptable than that of soymilk samples.CONCLUSION: The instrumental measurement of colour relates well to the perceived differences in the colour of these products and explains the differences in consumer preferences. However, the instrumental viscosity values do not relate well to the thickness perceived or to the differences in acceptability of the beverages. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Sediment‐bound nutrient export from micro‐dam catchments in Northern Ethiopia
Authors: Haregeweyn N. , Poesen J. , Deckers J. , Nyssen J. , Haile M. , Govers G. , Verstraeten G. , Moeyersons J. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe losses in soil nutrients (nitrogen (N), available phosphorus (Pav), organic carbon (OC), potassium (K), calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg)) in the catchment and the storage in the reservoir as a result of sediment delivery were assessed in 13 catchments/reservoirs in Tigray, Northern Ethiopia. This specifically dealt with factors controlling the losses, the fertility status of the deposited sediment, the nutrient export (NE) rates and associated costs.Enrichment ratio (ER) values >1 were observed for the plant nutrients and the finer soil fractions. The high ER is associated with the preferential transport of nutrients bound to finer soil fractions and the parent material dissolution and its transport via runoff. However, the fertility status of the deposited sediment is not sufficient by itself to support a sustainable crop growth and hence external addition is necessary, mainly for N and Pavfertilizer.Generally, rates of NE were high. The high OC export on the other hand dictates the potential of reservoir sediments for OC sequestration. The cost price of loss of only N and Pav, eroded from the catchment slopes, was estimated at €34·2 million (Euros) in March 2006 for the Tigray. Pity enough, policy makers and beneficiaries do not realize the magnitude of the problem, which forms a major threat for the crop production in the country. Therefore, it is important not only to make the public aware of the problem but also of implementing integrated soil fertility management practices. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.