bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the Factorization of Functions Bounded and Analytic in a Half Plane
Authors: Scharm Rolf 
Published: May 2007

AbstractWe consider functions f1, f2 analytic in the upper half plane and continuous in its closure and investigate the following problem: Suppose that the product f1f2 is bounded in the half plane and both factors are bounded on the real axis; which assumptions on the growth of f1 are sufficient for f2 to be bounded or to have a special growth?We derive a general representation formula for such a factor f1 containing two important special cases. One of them is used to prove our main result: If the factor f1 is at most of finite order then both f1 and f2 are either of exponential type or of the same intermediate type of an integral order greater than one.Furthermore, we modify a factorization theorem of I. V. OSTROVSKII [5] for factors which are assumed to be bounded in a strip contained in the half plane. As an essential tool we use a new lemma of PHRAGMÉN‐LINDELÖF type which is of interest by itself; namely the growth restriction is imposed only on the real part of the function under consideration.
The Fractal Character of Localizable Measure‐Valued Processes, III. Fractal Carrying Sets of Branching Diffusions
Authors: Zähle U. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractRegard a large population of infinitesimal particles (i.e. measures) in the case, when the particles evolve (i.e. move, branch, die) independently of each other. Those evolutions we called localizable. In the present part of this paper we study branching diffusion processes, which result from high frequent alternations of pure macroscopic motion and a pure branching mechanism. The main aim is to compute the HAUSDORFF‐BESICOVITCH dimension of random sets carrying the population.
Geometric Measures for Random Curved Mosaics of Rd
Authors: Weiss V. , Zähle M. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis paper deals with stationary random mosaics of Rd with general cell shapes. As geometric measures concentrated on the i‐skeleton (i = 0, 1,…,d) the i‐dimensional surface area (volume) measure and (i — 1) different curvature measures are chosen. The corresponding densities are calculated as well as for the mosaics and their superpositions in terms of mean cell parameters and mean cell numbers. This leads to various relations between the characteristic which are applied, in particular, to two‐ and three‐dimensional tessellations. A comparison with known formulas for mosaics with convex cells in R2 and R3 is given.
On Integral Operators of Generalized Wiener‐Hopf‐Type
Authors: Thelen‐Rosemann‐Niedrig Günter 
Published: May 2007

AbstractA class of singular integral operators on the positive halfaxis, constituted by the one‐sided HILBERT transformation, the WIENER‐HOPF operators, the multiplicative convolution operators, and some multiplication operators, generated by continuous functions, are studied with BANACH algebra methods. With the help of symbol functions the FREDHOLM operators wil be characterized. Moreover one gets information about an index formula and FREDHOLM inverses.
Local Change of Coordinates for Grid‐Functions on Regions with Curved Boundary
Authors: Kornhuber R. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractLocal change of coordinates, providing an appropriate transformation of functions on a domain Ω ∩ Rn into functions on Rn and R+n, is a well‐known and frequently used technical tool in the theory of Sobolev‐spaces Wm,p (Ω) and partial differential equations. In this paper we propose a corresponding transformation mapping grid‐functions on regular grids Ωh into functions on Rnh and Rnh,+ which as in the continuous case can be used to remedy various difficulties arising the curved boundary of Ω.
Convergent Extensions of Grid‐Functions
Authors: Kornhuber R. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIt is well‐known that functions u ϵ Wm,p (Ω) can be extended by a bounded linear operator E to functions Eu ≦ Wm,p(Rn), if Ω is CM‐regular and m ≦ M. Here we prove a corresponding result for grid‐functions with extension operators Eh converging to E and mention some applications.
On a Bornological Structure in Infinite‐Dimensional Holomorphy
Authors: Bjon S. , Lindström M. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe bornology (b) of bounded subsets with respect to continuous convergence is used on spaces of holomorphic functions. It is shown that HomcoHb(U) ≅ U for a circled convex open subset U of a complete nuclear space. Exponential laws for spaces of holomorphic functions with bornological structures are proved and the connection with Colombeau's Silva holomorphic functions is established.
On Huygens' Principle for the Relativistic Higher Spin Wave Equations of Buchdahl and Wünsch in Presence of a Gravitational and an Electromagnetic Field
Authors: Illge R. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractA field of spin s (s ≧ 1/2) massive particles can be described in an arbitrarily curved space‐time by a system of first order equations introduced by H. A. Buchdahl [2] and V. Wünsch [13]. In this paper we generalize this system by minimal coupling of an electromagnetic field. The arising first order system implies a second order differential equation of normal hyperbolic type on which the usual techniques can be applied. It is shown here that the field equations satisfy Huygens' principle if and only if the space‐time has constant curvature and the electromagnetic field vanishes.
An Elementary Approach to the Daniell‐Kolmogorov Theorem and Some Related Results
Authors: Kallenberg Olav 
Published: May 2007

AbstractWe give a short elementary proof of the Daniell‐Kolmogorov existence theorem for probability measures on product spaces, assuming nothing but the existence of Lebesgue measure on the unit interval. Related approaches are used to prove the existence of regular conditional distributions directly on Polish spaces, and to establish the existence of random measures and sets with given finite‐dimensional distributions or hitting probabilities, respectively.
On Spline Approximation for Singular Integral Equations on an Interval
Authors: Elschner Johannes 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis paper analyses the convergence of spline approximation methods for strongly elliptic singular integral equations on a finite interval. We consider collocation by smooth polynomial splines of odd degree multiplied by a weight function and a Galerkin‐Petrov method with spline trial functions of even degree and piecewise constant test functions. We prove the stability of the methods in weighted Sobolev spaces and obtain the optimal orders of convergence in the case of graded meshes.
Absolute Curvature Measures
Authors: Zähle M. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractFor arbitrary sets of positive reach in euclidean space a new kind of absolute curvature measures is introduced. These measures possess similar section and projection properties as their signed counterparts—the Lipschitz‐Killing curvature measures. In the present paper interpretations as invariant measures of the sets of colliding planes and as mean projection measures are given.
Analysis of Rhizoma Polygoni Cuspidati by HPLC and HPLC‐ESI/MS
Authors: Yi Tao , Zhang Hao , Cai Zongwei 
Published: May 2007

AbstractAn HPLC method with photodiode array detection (PAD) and ESI/MS detection was developed for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the major chemical constituents of the dried rhizome of Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb. et Zucc. (Rhizoma Polygoni Cuspidati; Chinese name Hu‐Zhang). Based on the chromatographic separation on an Altima C18 column using 0.5% aqueous acetic acid and acetonitrile as the mobile phase, nine compounds, including stilbenes, stilbene glucosides, anthraquinones and anthraquinone glucosides, were identified by online ESI/MS analysis and seven were quantified by HPLC‐PAD. A full validation of the method including sensitivity, linearity, repeatability and recovery was conducted. Linear calibration was achieved over the concentration range 1–200 mg/L with R2 > 0.999, whilst the limits of detection ranged from 0.51 to 1.57 ng. Repeatability was evaluated by intra‐ and inter‐day assays and the RSD value was within 1.79%. Recoveries of the quantified compounds were within the range 96.0–100.1% with RSD values of less than 2.2%. Five samples of Rhizoma Polygoni Cuspidati from different regions were analysed using the developed method. The major constituents piceid, resveratrol, emodin‐8‐O‐β‐d‐glucoside and emodin were selected to provide an index for the quality assessment of the herbal drug. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparative analysis of the chemical profile of wild and cultivated populations of Corydalis saxicola by high‐performance liquid chromatography
Authors: Li Hui‐liang , Zhang Wei‐dong , Zhang Chuan , Han Ting , Liu Run‐hui , Hu Jiang , Chen Hai‐sheng 
Published: May 2007

AbstractStudies on the simultaneous determination and chemical fingerprinting of alkaloids in Corydalis saxicola Bunting. (Yanhuanglian) were performed for authentication purposes. Ninety samples prepared from different parts of C. saxicola, including whole plants, roots, stems, leaves and flowers, from wild and cultivated populations, were submitted to quantitative determination and fingerprint analysis. Five major alkaloids, namely, tetradehydroscoulerine, dehydroapocavidine, dehydroisoapocavidine, coptisine and dehydrocavidine, were quantitatively analysed by reversed‐phase HPLC with acceptable recoveries (>98.2%). Chemical fingerprinting of C. saxicola was established and involved 11 markers. The results indicated that there were no obvious differences between the chemical profiles of wild and of cultivated C. saxicola populations, and that the mean alkaloid contents of the five marker compounds in cultivated populations were significantly higher than those of the wild plants. The highest content of total alkaloids (up to 28.8 mg/g) was found in roots of C. saxicola. The total alkaloids of the leaves were approximately 50% of those of roots, suggesting that the leaves may be employed as an alternative source of alkaloids. Chemical fingerprints and quantitative HPLC analysis will have a positive impact on the conservation and cultivation of this medicinal plant. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Wie entsteht Reibung? Nanotribologie
Authors: Heuberger Manfred 
Published: May 2007

AbstractBei der Reibung zwischen gleitenden Oberflächen fließt die kinetische Energie des Gesamtsystems irreversibel in viele atomare und molekulare Kanäle. Die Mechanismen dieser vielfältigen Dissipationskanäle sind also nur auf der Nanometerskala zu verstehen. Dabei hängt das Verhalten der untersuchten Systeme von einer Vielzahl von Ereignissen ab, die sich über viele Größenordnungen auf der Längen‐ und Zeitskala ausdehnen. Das macht Reibung als Phänomen so schwer fassbar. Das junge Gebiet der Nanotribologie eröffnet dank hoch empfindlicher Messmethoden faszinierende Einblicke in die Energiedissipation auf der Nanometerskala. Seine Erkenntnisse führen zu Strategien, mit denen eines Tages eine “Superschmierung” technisch möglich wird.
Wie bändigt man heißes Plasma? Plasmaeinschluss in Fusionsexperimenten
Authors: Günter Sibylle , Lackner Karl 
Published: May 2007

AbstractEin Fusionsreaktor muss das heiße Plasma magnetisch einschließen. Der Druckunterschied zwischen dem Zentrum und dem Rand des Plasmas kann dabei zahlreiche Instabilitäten treiben. Große Instabilitäten können die magnetische Einschlusskonfiguration verschlechtern oder ganz zerstören. Sie lassen sich allerdings inzwischen in toroidalen Einschlussanlagen wie Tokamak und Stellarator vermeiden oder kontrollieren. Kleinskalige Instabilitäten verursachen eine turbulente Durchmischung des Plasmas. Daher bestimmen sie die Energieverluste. Sie lassen sich jedoch heute ausreichend begrenzen. Das ermöglicht in Anlagen von der Größe des ITER‐Experiments ein thermonukleares Brennen, das sich schon fast selbst erhält.
Rückenwind für zukunftsfähige Technik: Windenergie
Authors: Kühn Martin 
Published: May 2007

AbstractDer rasante Ausbau der Windenergienutzung innerhalb der letzten fünfzehn Jahre wurde maßgeblich durch die technologische Entwicklung und günstige politische Rahmenbedingungen gefördert. Neben der weiteren Verbesserung der Effizienz und Wirtschaftlichkeit der Windenergieanlagen gewinnen nun politische Fragen an Bedeutung. Hierzu zählen die Integration ins Verbundnetz und in die internationale Energiewirtschaft sowie ein gesellschaftlicher Konsens in Energiefragen. Damit befindet sich die Windenergienutzung nun auf dem Weg von einer alternativen zu einer konventionellen Energiequelle. Diese kann zukünftig entscheidend zu einer klimaverträglichen und bezahlbaren Stromversorgung beitragen.
Signatur korrelierter Elektronen
Authors: Vollhardt Dieter 
Published: May 2007

AbstractDie Eigenschaften kondensierter Materie werden durch Einteilchenanregungen sowie kollektive Anregungen und ihre Kopplungen bestimmt. Diese quantenmechanischen Anregungen werden durch eine Energie E und einen Wellenvektor k charakterisiert, die über eine Dispersionsrelation verknüpft sind. Die Kopplung von Anregungen führt zu einer Änderung in der Steigung der Dispersionskurve, die als Knick sichtbar ist. Theoretische Physiker der Universität Augsburg haben nun zusammen mit Kollegen aus Göttingen, Stuttgart und Ekaterinburg (Russland) einen neuartigen, rein elektronischen Ursprung für die Entstehung von Knicken in der Dispersion der elektronischen Freiheitsgrade entdeckt, der völlig unabhängig von ihrer Kopplung an kollektive Anregungen ist. Demzufolge sind Knicke prinzipiell in jedem elektronisch korrelierten Metall zu erwarten und können bei jeder Energie innerhalb eines Bandes elektronischer Zustände auftreten.
Fehlendes Puzzleteil des Standardmodells
Authors: Ziegler Thomas 
Published: May 2007

AbstractVor mehr als 30 Jahren wurde der Übergang des D‐Mesons in sein Antiteilchen von Theoretikern vorhergesagt. Kürzlich konnten Forscher der Babar‐Kollaboration in den USA diesen Effekt nachweisen. Er stellt einen der noch wenigen fehlenden Messungen im Standardmodell dar und wird als wichtiger Meilenstein in der Elementarteilchenphysik betrachtet.
Informationen aus dem Quantenrauschen
Authors: Rom Tim 
Published: May 2007

AbstractVor einem halben Jahrhundert entdeckten Robert Hanbury Brown und Richard Twiss in einem bahnbrechenden Experiment, dass die Photonen entfernter Sterne miteinander korreliert sind. Diesen als bunching bezeichneten Effekt nutzten sie aus, um den Durchmesser von Sternen zu bestimmen. Vor Kurzem wurde der komplementäre Effekt des Antibunching erstmals an Atomen beobachtet. Zugleich gelang es, eine frühere mikroskopische Anordnung der Atome nach deren Auflösung zu rekonstruieren.
Planetensuche in unendlichen Weiten
Authors: Heering Peter 
Published: May 2007

AbstractNeben der hitzigen Diskussion über den Planetenstatus von Pluto erregt die zunehmende Zahl entdeckter Planeten außerhalb unseres Sonnensystems die Gemüter der Astronomen. Dabei spielt insbesondere der Nachweis von Bewegungen anhand der Doppler‐Verschiebung eine zentrale Rolle. Diese Methode wurde grundsätzlich bereits Mitte des 19. Jahrhunderts entwickelt; allerdings meinte Doppler damit die Farbigkeit des Lichts der Fixsterne erklären zu können.
Ein Perpetuum mobile des Wissenschaftsmanagements
Authors: Loos Andreas 
Published: May 2007

AbstractBekannt wird er als einer der alten Herren der Wissenschaftspolitik Deutschlands. Eine graue Eminenz, die sich gegen Kernwaffen und für Kernenergie einsetzt und kein Ende kennt: Noch im Alter prägt der nimmermüde Physiker die Gemeinschaft der Forschenden in Deutschland.
Proteomic exploitation on prothymosin α‐induced mononuclear cell activation
Authors: Skopeliti Margarita , Kratzer Ulrich , Altenberend Florian , Panayotou George , Kalbacher Hubert , Stevanovic Stefan , Voelter Wolfgang , Tsitsilonis Ourania E. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractProthymosin alpha (ProTα) is an acidic polypeptide associated both with cell proliferation and immune regulation. Although ProTα's immunomodulating activity is well established at cellular level, limited information is available regarding the signaling pathways triggered by ProTα. Using 2‐DE proteomic technology, we investigated changes in protein expression of ProTα‐stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in the course of a 3‐day incubation. Using healthy donor‐ and cancer patient‐derived PBMC, 12 gels were studied, identifying 53 differing protein spots via PMF comparison analysis. Among others, we identified interleukin‐1 receptor‐associated kinase 4, heat‐shock protein 90, lipocalin 2, ribophorin 1, eukaryotic elongation factor 2, 14‐3‐3 protein, L‐plastin, and MX2 protein, all of which were found to be overexpressed upon ProTα activation. Based on the physiological role of upregulated proteins, we propose the following model for ProTα's immunological mode of action: on day 1, ProTα triggers monocyte activation, possibly via toll‐like receptor signaling, and enhances antigen presentation, consequently promoting and stabilizing monocyte‐T‐cell immune synapse; on day 2, activated monocytes produce interleukin (IL)‐1, while T‐cell receptor triggering promotes T‐cell proliferation and IL‐2 production; finally, on day 3, ProTα‐activated PBMC express proteins related to adhesion and cytotoxic effector functions, both contributing to the increase of their lytic activity.
Systematic identification of SH3 domain‐mediated human protein–protein interactions by peptide array target screening
Authors: Wu Chenggang , Ma Mike Haiting , Brown Kevin R. , Geisler Matt , Li Lei , Tzeng Eve , Jia Christina Y. H. , Jurisica Igor , Li Shawn S.‐C. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractSystematic identification of direct protein–protein interactions is often hampered by difficulties in expressing and purifying the corresponding full‐length proteins. By taking advantage of the modular nature of many regulatory proteins, we attempted to simplify protein–protein interactions to the corresponding domain‐ligand recognition and employed peptide arrays to identify such binding events. A group of 12 Src homology (SH) 3 domains from eight human proteins (Swiss‐Prot ID: SRC, PLCG1, P85A, NCK1, GRB2, FYN, CRK) were used to screen a peptide target array composed of 1536 potential ligands, which led to the identification of 921 binary interactions between these proteins and 284 targets. To assess the efficiency of the peptide array target screening (PATS) method in identifying authentic protein–protein interactions, we examined a set of interactions mediated by the PLCγ1 SH3 domain by coimmunoprecipitation and/or affinity pull‐downs using full‐length proteins and achieved a 75% success rate. Furthermore, we characterized a novel interaction between PLCγ1 and hematopoietic progenitor kinase 1 (HPK1) identified by PATS and demonstrated that the PLCγ1 SH3 domain negatively regulated HPK1 kinase activity. Compared to protein interactions listed in the online predicted human interaction protein database (OPHID), the majority of interactions identified by PATS are novel, suggesting that, when extended to the large number of peptide interaction domains encoded by the human genome, PATS should aid in the mapping of the human interactome.
DFT study of cycloaddition reaction of isothiocyanates with diazoazoles to 4‐imino‐4H‐pyrazolo[5,1‐d] [1,2,3,5]thiatriazines
Authors: Subbotina Julia O. , Sadchikova Elena V. , Bakulev Vasiliy A. , Fabian Walter M. F. , Herges Rainer 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe mechanism of reaction of isothiocyanates with diazopyrazoles to 4‐imino‐4H‐pyrazolo[5,1‐d] [1,2,3,5]thiatriazines was investigated. It was suggested that the reaction proceeds via a pseudopericyclic cycloaddition with activation barrier of ∼31 kcal mol−1(B3LYP/6‐31G*). The mechanism was confirmed by NBO and ACID schemes. The question of regioselectivity was also explored. It was shown that an acyl substituent on the isothiocyanate led to a stabilization of the final product due to S… O interaction. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2007
Multi‐syndrome analysis of time series using PCA: A new concept for outbreak investigation
Authors: Mohtashemi Mojdeh , Kleinman Ken , Yih W. Katherine 
Published: May 2007

AbstractTo date, despite widespread availability of time series data on multiple syndromes, multivariate analysis of syndromic data remains under‐explored. We present a non‐parametric multivariate framework for early detection of temporal anomalies based on principal components analysis of historical data on multiple syndromes. We introduce simulated outbreaks of different shapes and magnitudes into the historical data, and compare the detection sensitivity and timeliness of the multi‐syndrome detection method with those of uni‐syndrome. We find that the multi‐syndrome detection framework provides a powerful tool for identifying such designated abnormalities in the data and significantly improves upon the detection sensitivity and timeliness of uni‐syndrome analysis. The proposed multivariate framework requires minimal preprocessing of the data and can be easily adopted in settings where temporal information on multiple syndromes are routinely collected and processed, and thus can be an integral component of real‐time surveillance systems. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modelling treatment‐effect heterogeneity in randomized controlled trials of complex interventions (psychological treatments)
Authors: Dunn Graham , Bentall Richard 
Published: May 2007

AbstractWe describe instrumental variable (IV) methods for the estimation of the ‘dose’–response effects of psychological interventions in randomized controlled trials in which there is variability in the patients' adherence to the allocated therapy (that is, variability in the actual number of sessions of therapy attended) and also variability in the strength of the therapeutic alliance between patients and their therapists. The effect of the therapy on outcome is assumed to be a function of both the number of sessions attended and the strength of the therapeutic alliance, with no intervention effects in the absence of any sessions attended (an exclusion restriction) and the effect of the strength of the alliance being represented by a multiplicative term (interaction) in the treatment‐effect model. The IV methods that are described allow for: (a) hidden confounding between sessions, alliance and
outcome; (b) measurement errors in the alliance; and (c) that alliance is only measured in those receiving treatment. Three two‐stage estimation procedures are illustrated, and their equivalence demonstrated, through Monte Carlo simulation and analysis of the results of an actual trial. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tests of association under misclassification: Application to histological sampling in oncology
Authors: Betensky Rebecca A. , Louis David N. , Cairncross J. Gregory 
Published: May 2007

AbstractSubjects in tumour studies are often misclassified with respect to histologic features that are not routinely recorded in diagnostic reports and that display heterogeneity within tumours. Pathologic analysis of the tumours may miss the feature of interest if the pathologist was not alerted to detail the microscopic feature of interest or if it is not present in the selected specimens. In this setting, only the subjects for whom the outcome is not found are potentially misclassified. Analyses of associations between the observed, potentially misclassified, outcome and a second outcome are invalid if the probability of misclassification depends on the second outcome. Three natural tests of association based on the observed data depend on different numbers of nuisance parameters. Most promising is a test based on the ratio of proportions of the observed feature. We illustrate this test using a study of the association of imaging parameters with genetic features in subjects with oligodendroglioma, a common brain tumour. In this study, calcification, a feature related to the imaging parameters, was potentially misclassified as not present. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.