bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A method to generate formulas for temporal logic satisfiability checkers
Authors: Sekizawa Toshifusa , Takai Toshinori , Tanabe Yoshinori , Takahashi Koichi 
Published: October 2007

AbstractIn order to evaluate the performance of temporal logic satisfiability checkers, a benchmark with test formulas is required, as well as analysis of the complexity of algorithms. However, there seem to be no clear criteria of the formulas for benchmarks. Thus, to evaluate the performance of satisfiability checkers for new logics, we must prepare test formulas for the logic. In this paper, we propose a systematic method to generate formulas of two‐way CTL, which are intended to be benchmark formulas for satisfiability checkers. We also discuss the criteria of test formulas. Finally, we present formulas obtained by our method and describe the results of experiments with our two‐way CTL satisfiability checker. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 90(11): 99– 108, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.20410
Statistical PET image reconstruction using duality of nonlinear programming
Authors: Li Meihua , Kudo Hiroyuki 
Published: October 2007

AbstractIn recent years technology has been in practical use which performs PET image reconstruction using a Maximum Likelihood (ML) estimation or a Maximum A Posteriori (MAP) estimation to improve the quality of the reconstructed images. Generally speaking, these methods require minimization of a convex cost function based on an iterative method and are accompanied by many problems related to the computational complexity. In this paper we propose a new Row‐Action type image reconstruction method that uses duality of nonlinear programming to rapidly converge with a small computational complexity per iteration. The proposed method has various advantages compared to the conventional methods. Examples of the advantages include: (1) avoids limit cycles and rapidly converges to true solutions, (2) can easily handle nonnegative constraint, (3) sufficient reconstructed images are obtained in one iteration, (4) easy to implement with a small number of empirically set parameters. The effectiveness of the proposed method is presented through simulated experiments and results of applications to clinical PET data are also presented. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 90(11): 122–131, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.20412
Error estimation of load switching signal from contactless IC card and proposal of approximation method for discrete Fourier transform
Authors: Nakano Sadahiko , Ohtani Yoshimitsu 
Published: October 2007

AbstractISO drafts for identification cards, namely, contactless integrated circuit cards, provide detailed methods for measuring load‐switching (LS) signals that transmit data from a card to a reader‐writer, to assure the interchangeability of cards and/or reader‐writers. They recommend a discrete Fourier transform (DFT) program for the LS‐signal spectrum and provide the maximum permissible measurement error. However, the influences of inherent error in DFT and also of the inaccuracy of measuring instruments have not been clarified. Therefore, under the present circumstances, correct LS‐signal spectra are not obtained. Furthermore, the measurement error cannot be accurately estimated. This paper, first, derives an equation for estimating the error caused by measuring instruments. Second, it proposes a DFT approximation method, called the DFT averaging method, which compensates for the natural defect that prevents DFT from getting correct spectra because the ratio of the DFT window period to the LS‐signal cycle is not a round integer. Experimental verification with quasi LS‐signals generated by circuits showed that the theoretical and experimental values of LS‐signal spectral error were very similar. The DFT averaging method applied to real LS‐signals from contactless IC cards usefully decreased the spectral error from 19% to 1%. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 90(11): 26–40, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.20419
Optically differential reconfigurable gate array
Authors: Miyano Mototsugu , Watanabe Minoru , Kobayashi Fuminori 
Published: October 2007

AbstractRecent years have seen the development of optically reconfigurable gate arrays, which can be reconfigured using light at high speeds that cannot be implemented with electrical wiring. However, optically reconfigurable gate arrays have reconfiguration speeds of 16 to 20 µs, which is fast compared to FPGAs (Field Programmable Gate Arrays), but high‐speed reconfiguration, approaching the operating clock of a mounted circuit, has not been implemented. Also, partial reconfiguration, which is indispensable for frequent dynamic reconfiguration, has not been considered. The authors propose an Optically Differential Reconfigurable Gate Array (ODRGA), which can be reconfigured at high speeds close to the operating clock of a mounted circuit and which allows partial reconfiguration of any zone in bit units. This paper includes an overview of ODRGA and introduces the optically differential reconfigurable architecture, with which arbitrary, partial reconfiguration is possible, as well as the optically reconfigurable architecture enabling high‐speed optical reconfiguration. Then, it is demonstrated that high‐speed optical reconfiguration at 200 ns, the world's fastest system‐level optical reconfiguration, is possible with an optical system using a pulse laser diode wherein nanosecond optical reconfiguration is possible with a prototype stand‐alone VLSI chip. Finally, it is made clear that, in the future, improvement to the optical components will make possible nanosecond high‐speed optical reconfiguration at the system level as well. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 90(11): 132–139, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.20420
IDO expands human CD4+CD25high regulatory T cells by promoting maturation of LPS‐treated dendritic cells
Authors: Hill Marcelo , Tanguy‐Royer Séverine , Royer Pierre , Chauveau Christine , Asghar Kashif , Tesson Laurent , Lavainne Frédéric , Rémy Séverine , Brion Régis , Hubert François‐Xavier , Heslan Michèle , Rimbert Marie , Berthelot Laureline , Moffett John R. , Josien Régis , Grégoire Marc , Anegon Ignacio 
Published: October 2007

AbstractWe have previously shown that human monocyte‐derived dendritic cells (DC) express indoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase (IDO), as well as several other enzymes of the kynurenine pathway at the mRNA level upon maturation. The tolerogenic mechanisms of this pathway remain unclear. Here we show that LPS‐treated DC metabolize tryptophan as far as quinolinate. We found that IDO contributes to LPS and TNF‐α + poly(I:C)‐induced DC maturation since IDO inhibition using two different inhibitors impairs DC maturation. IDO knock‐down using short‐hairpin RNA also led to diminished LPS‐induced maturation. In line with these results, the tryptophan‐derived catabolites 3‐hydroxyanthranilic acid and 3‐hydroxykynurenine increased maturation of LPS‐treated DC. Concerning the molecular mechanisms of this effect, IDO acts as an intermediate pathway in LPS‐induced production of reactive oxygen species and NF‐κB activation, two processes that lead to DC maturation. Finally, we show that mature DC expand CD4+CD25high regulatory T cells in an IDO‐dependent manner. In conclusion, we show that IDO constitutes an intermediate pathway in DC maturation leading to expansion of CD4+CD25high regulatory T cells.
Cloning of B cell‐specific membrane tetraspanning molecule BTS possessing B cell proliferation‐inhibitory function
Authors: Suenaga Tadahiro , Arase Hisashi , Yamasaki Sho , Kohno Masayuki , Yokosuka Tadashi , Takeuchi Arata , Hattori Takamichi , Saito Takashi 
Published: October 2007

AbstractLymphocyte proliferation is regulated by signals through antigen receptors, co‐stimulatory receptors, and other positive and negative modulators. Several membrane tetraspanning molecules are also involved in the regulation of lymphocyte growth and death. We cloned a new B cell‐specific tetraspanning (BTS) membrane molecule, which is similar to CD20 in terms of expression, structure and function. BTS is specifically expressed in the B cell line and its expression is increased after the pre‐B cell stage. BTS is expressed in intracellular granules and on the cell surface. Overexpression of BTS in immature B cell lines induces growth retardation through inhibition of cell cycle progression and cell size increase without inducing apoptosis. This inhibitory function is mediated predominantly by the N terminus of BTS. The development of mature B cells is inhibited in transgenic mice expressing BTS, suggesting that BTS is involved in the in vivo regulation of B cells. These results indicate that BTS plays a role in the regulation of cell division and B cell growth.
Immature hematopoietic cells display selective requirements for adhesion‐ and degranulation‐promoting adaptor protein in development and homeostatsis
Authors: Dluzniewska Joanna , Zou Liangxing , Harmon Ian R. , Ellingson Marc T. , Peterson Erik J. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractAdhesion‐ and degranulation‐promoting adaptor protein (ADAP) modulates T cell development and function and promotes TCR signaling. Regulation of ADAP protein expression during thymopoiesis and in development of other hematopoietic lineages has not been explored. Using intracellular staining, we detected ADAP protein in bone marrow lymphocyte precursors. Like its binding partner SH2‐containing leukocyte phosphoprotein of 76 kDa, ADAP is dynamically regulated during thymocyte positive selection. ADAP is also found in unconventional thymocytes, including NKT, CD8αα, and TCRγδ T cells. In peripheral T cells, ADAP is up‐regulated after TCR stimulation and with acquisition of memory status. Although absent in splenic B cells, ADAP is present in pro‐B cells, as well as in BM erythrocyte and myeloid progenitors. Studies with radiation chimeras show that ADAP is dispensable for NKT, CD8αα and TCRγδ T cell development, while confirming that ADAP is required for optimal development of conventional TCRαβ T cells in the thymus. Interestingly, ADAP is necessary for CD8αα homeostasis in the small intestinal epithelium, yet is dispensable for optimal reconstitution of splenic B cell populations. Our observations highlight the dynamic regulation of ADAP during T cell maturation and document expression patterns that suggest a possible role for ADAP in development of non‐T hematopoietic lineages.
Role of T cells in a murine model of Escherichia coli sepsis
Authors: van Schaik Sandrijn M. , Abbas Abul K. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractTo study the role of T cells in gram‐negative sepsis, we developed a mouse model in which i.v. injection of Escherichia coli results in severe systemic illness, with high mortality rates after day 5. A large proportion of both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells are activated within 1 day after infection, as evidenced by up‐regulation of CD69 and down‐regulation of CD62L. Even more surprisingly, T cell‐deficient mice exhibit markedly decreased disease severity compared to WT mice, indicating a pathogenic role of T cells. Mice lacking IFN‐γ also show diminished disease, and exhibit reduced T cell activation. Therefore, the pathogenic role of T cells may be mediated by IFN‐γ. Both T cell‐ and IFN‐γ‐deficient mice have reduced serum IL‐6 levels compared to WT mice, suggesting that T cells may stimulate innate immune responses, resulting in enhancement of disease. These data indicate an important role for T cells in a mouse model of E. coli sepsis, and reveal an unexpected early and pathogenic T cell response to this bacterial infection.
Oxidation of 3,4‐Diaryl‐2,5‐dihydrothiophenes to 3,4‐Diarylthiophenes Using CuBr2: Simple and Efficient Preparation of 3,4‐Diarylthiophenes
Authors: Dang Yizhe , Chen Yi 
Published: October 2007

AbstractA class of 3,4‐diarylthiophenes was prepared in excellent yield (80–91 %) by oxidation of 3,4‐diaryl‐2,5‐dihydrothiophenes with CuBr2. The approach is also available for the synthesis of 3,4‐diarylpyrroles and 3,4‐diarylfuran. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Determination of tocopherols in vegetable oils by CEC using methacrylate ester‐based monolithic columns
Authors: Lerma‐García María Jesús , Simó‐Alfonso Ernesto F. , Ramis‐Ramos Guillermo , Herrero‐Martínez José Manuel 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe separation and determination of tocopherols (Ts) in vegetable oils by CEC using methacrylate ester‐based monolithic columns has been developed. The effects of pore size of the monolithic columns were studied, and the composition of mobile phase was optimized. The optimal pore size of the monolith was obtained with 12 wt% 1,4‐butanediol in the polymerization mixture. Excellent resolution between tocopherols was achieved within 10 min analysis time with a 99:1 v/v MeOH–aqueous buffer containing 5 mM tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane at pH 8.0. The LODs were lower than 2.3 μg/mL, and interday and column‐to‐column reproducibilities at 25 μg/mL were better than 5.6%. Using a 93:7 v/v MeOH–aqueous buffer, both tocopherols and tocotrienols (T3s) of grapeseed and palm oils were resolved. Application to the detection of olive oil adulteration with low‐cost edible oils was demonstrated.
Postcolumn reactor using a laser‐drilled capillary for light‐emitting diode‐induced fluorescence detection in CE
Authors: Yamamoto Daisuke , Kaneta Takashi , Imasaka Totaro 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThis study investigated a novel postcolumn reactor for fluorescence detection in CE. A laser‐drilled capillary, with an aperture made by laser ablation, was used for mixing derivatization reagents with the analytes separated by CZE. The derivatization reagents, o‐phthaldialdehyde (OPA), and 2‐mercaptoethanol, were introduced into the capillary through the aperture and reacted with the analytes after CZE separation. High voltages were applied to both the inlet reservoir and the reservoir filled with the derivatization reagents. Thus, the flow rate of the derivatization reagents was controlled by the electric potential that was applied to the reservoir of the derivatization reagents. A UV light‐emitting diode was used as an excitation light source for the fluorescence detection of OPA derivatives. A commercially available tee connector was compared with the laser‐drilled capillary. The results implied that the dead volume of the laser‐drilled capillary was less than that of the tee connector, since the laser‐drilled capillary suppressed band broadening more efficiently. The LODs for amino acids were determined to be ˜5 μM. The method was applied to the determination of amino acids in a Japanese beverage.
Lignan profile in seeds of modern and old Italian soft wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars as revealed by CE‐MS analyses
Authors: Dinelli Giovanni , Marotti Ilaria , Bosi Sara , Benedettelli Stefano , Ghiselli Lisetta , Cortacero‐Ramírez Sonia , Carrasco‐Pancorbo Alegría , Segura‐Carretero Antonio , Fernández‐Gutiérrez Alberto 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe health‐promoting effects of whole‐grain consumption have been attributed in part to their unique phytochemical contents and profiles. Wheat is an important component of the human diet; however, little is known about the phytochemical profiles of different wheat varieties, especially of old wheats. The objective of this study was to investigate the distribution of lignans, a class of phytochemicals with proved health benefit effects, of four modern and six old Italian soft wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars. In this work, we describe the first analytical method involving CE coupled to MS (CE‐MS) used to identify and quantify lignan compounds in grains of different cultivars of wheat. Total lignan content determined by CE‐ESI‐MS was 2.60 ± 0.21 and 5.00 ± 1.30 μg/g dry seed weight for modern and old cultivars, respectively. Secoisolariciresinol and pinoresinol were detected in all ten investigated soft wheat cultivars, whereas arctigenin, hinokinin, and syringaresinol were exclusively detected in old genotypes. Significant differences between modern and old cultivars were also observed for the number of glycosidic forms. Results highlighted the high content and unique composition in lignans of old cultivars suggesting their uses into a wide range of regular and speciality food products naturally enriched with health‐promoting compounds.
Identification of novel angiotensin‐converting enzyme‐inhibitory peptides from ovine milk proteins by CE‐MS and chromatographic techniques
Authors: Gómez‐Ruiz José Ángel , Ramos Mercedes , Recio Isidra 
Published: October 2007

AbstractIn this report, we present the use of CE‐MS as complement to RP separation for the identification of novel angiotensin‐converting enzyme‐inhibitory (ACEI) peptides from a complex milk protein hydrolysate. As preliminary step, fast protein LC (FPLC) was used to isolate the different casein fractions from raw ovine milk. Enzymatic hydrolysis of these fractions was performed by using proteolytic enzymes of gastrointestinal origin. The most active hydrolysate, corresponding to κ‐casein hydrolyzed with pepsin, chymotrypsin, and trypsin, was fractionated by RP‐HPLC and the peptides contained in the active fractions were sequenced by CE coupled to IT‐MS (CE‐MS). The use of CE‐MS allowed the identification of short peptides with ACEI activity included in the scarcely retained fraction obtained by semipreparative RP‐HPLC. Among the identified peptides, those with hydrophobic or positively charged residues at the C‐terminal tripeptide were chemically synthesized to determine their ACEI activity. This procedure allowed us to identify four novel potent ACEI peptides from κ‐casein with sequences IAK, YQQRPVA, WQVLPNAVPAK, and HPHPHLSF. These active sequences could be obtained by enzymatic hydrolysis either of the individual κ‐casein fraction or the total casein fraction from ovine milk.
Processing of nonconventional DNA strand break ends
Authors: Wilson David M. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractSingle‐strand breaks (SSBs) are one of the most common forms of genetic damage, arising from attack of DNA by reactive oxygen species or as intended or inadvertent products of normal cellular DNA metabolic events. Recent evidence linking defects in the enzymatic processing of nonconventional DNA SSBs, i.e., lesions incompatible with polymerase or ligase reactions, with inherited neurodegenerative disorders, reveals the importance of SSB repair in disease manifestation. I review herein the major eukaryotic enzymes (with an emphasis on the human proteins) responsible for the “clean‐up” of DNA breaks harboring 3′‐ or 5′‐blocking termini, and the cellular and disease ramifications of unrepaired SSB damage. Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 2007. Published 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
DNA adducts from alkoxyallylbenzene herb and spice constituents in cultured human (HepG2) cells
Authors: Zhou Guo‐Dong , Moorthy Bhagavatula , Bi Jia , Donnelly Kirby C. , Randerath Kurt 
Published: October 2007

AbstractAlkoxy derivatives of allylbenzene, including safrole, estragole, methyleugenol, myristicin, dill apiol, and parsley apiol, are important herb and spice constituents. Human exposure occurs mainly through consumption of food and drinks. Safrole, estragole, and methyleugenol are weak animal carcinogens. Experimental data reveal the genotoxicity and/or carcinogenicity of some allylbenzenes; however, except for safrole, the potential capacity of allylbenzenes for forming adducts in human cellular DNA has not been investigated. In the present study, we have exposed metabolically competent human hepatoma (HepG2) cells to three concentrations (50, 150, and 450 μM) of each of the six aforementioned allylbenzenes and shown by the monophosphate 32P‐postlabeling assay that each compound formed DNA adducts. With the exception of methyleugenol, DNA adduction was dose dependent, decreasing in the order, estragole > methyleugenol > safrole ≈ myristicin > dill apiol > parsley apiol. These results demonstrate that safrole, estragole, methyleugenol, myristicin, dill apiol, and parsley apiol are capable of altering the DNA in these cells and thus may contribute to human carcinogenesis. Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cortical glucose metabolism correlates negatively with delta‐slowing and spike‐frequency in epilepsy associated with tuberous sclerosis
Authors: Nishida Masaaki , Asano Eishi , Juhász Csaba , Muzik Otto , Sood Sandeep , Chugani Harry T. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe mechanism of altered glucose metabolism seen on positron emission tomography (PET) in focal epilepsy is not fully understood. We determined the association between interictal glucose metabolism and interictal neuronal activity, using PET and electrocorticography (ECoG) measures derived from 865 intracranial electrode sites in 11 children with focal epilepsy associated with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) (age: 0.5–16 years) undergoing epilepsy surgery. A multiple linear regression analysis was applied to each patient, to determine whether the glucose uptake at each electrode site on interictal PET was predicted by ECoG amplitude powers and interictal spike‐frequency measured in the given electrode site. The regression slopes as well as R‐square values (an indicator of fitness of the regression models) were finally averaged across the 11 patients. The mean regression slope for delta amplitude power was −0.0025 (95% CI: −0.0045 to −0.0004; P = 0.02 based on one‐sample t‐test) and that for spike frequency was −0.023 (95% CI: −0.042 to −0.0038; P = 0.02). On the other hand, the mean regression slopes for the remaining ECoG amplitude powers (theta, alpha, sigma, beta, and gamma activities) were not significantly different from zero. The mean R‐square value was 0.39. These results suggest that increased delta‐slowing and frequent spike activity were independently and additively associated with glucose hypometabolism in children with focal epilepsy associated with TSC. Association between frequent interictal spike activity and low glucose metabolism may be attributed to slow‐wave components following spike discharges on ECoG recording, and a substantial proportion of the variance in regional glucose metabolism on PET could be explained by electrophysiological traits derived from conventional subdural ECoG recording. Hum Brain Mapp, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.