bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interprofessional Relationships between Orthopaedic and Podiatric Surgeons in the UK
Authors: Isaac A , Gwilym SE , Reilly IN , Kilmartin TE , Ribbans WJ 
Published: November 2008

INTRODUCTION The first comprehensive report on the interprofessional relationships between foot and ankle surgeons in the UK is presented. MATERIALS AND METHODS A questionnaire was sent to orthopaedic surgeons with membership of the British Foot and Ankle Surgery Society (BOFAS), orthopaedic surgeons not affiliated to the specialist BOFAS and podiatrists specialising in foot surgery. The questionnaire was returned by 77 (49%) of the BOFAS orthopaedic consultant surgeons, 66 (26%) of non-foot and ankle orthopaedic consultant surgeons and 99 (73%) of the podiatric surgeons. RESULTS While most respondents have experience of surgeons working in the other specialty in close geographical proximity, the majority do not believe that this has adversely affected their referral base. The experience of podiatrists of the outcomes of orthopaedic surgery has been more positive than orthopaedic surgeons of podiatric interventions. Podiatrists are more welcoming of future orthopaedic involvement in future foot and ankle services than in reverse. However, there are a sizeable number of surgeons in both professions who would like to see closer professional liaisons. The study has identified clear divisions between the professions but has highlighted areas where there is a desire from many clinicians to work more harmoniously together, such as in education, training and research. CONCLUSIONS While major concerns exist over issues such as surgery by non-registered medical practitioners and the suitable spectrum of surgery for each profession, many surgeons, in both professions, are willing to provide training for juniors in both specialties and there is a wish to have closer working relationships and common educational and research opportunities than exists at present.
Patterns of Referral for Fractured Nose During Major Sporting Events
Authors: Rollin Matthew 
Published: November 2008

INTRODUCTION Fractured nose is a common acute ENT diagnosis, most often sustained in adults as a result of violent trauma. Patients will commonly present within 24 h of injury, and attend the out-patient clinic 7 days later for assessment. An unusual pattern of referrals began to emerge during 2006. PATIENTS AND METHODS Referral patterns covering the period 2003–2006 were analysed for two London ENT centres. RESULTS The data show a statistically-unusual peak of referral for fractured nose intensity coinciding with the FIFA World Cup 2006. CONCLUSIONS If a causal link is to be suggested between the sociological aspects of major international sporting contests and violent injury, it will be interesting to repeat the analysis in subsequent years, to gain an insight into whether 2006 was an isolated example, or part of a wider trend.
Totally Implantable Venous Access Devices – 20 Years' Experience of Implantation in Cystic Fibrosis Patients
Authors: Royle T James , Davies Ruth E , Gannon Mark X 
Published: November 2008

INTRODUCTION Totally implantable venous access devices (TIVADs) are widely used to provide long-term, central venous access for antibiotic delivery in cystic fibrosis patients. However, few studies have demonstrated long-term follow-up with large cohorts. PATIENTS AND METHODS This is a retrospective review of TIVADs implanted in cystic fibrosis patients by vascular surgeons at a tertiary referral centre, using an open venous cut-down technique, from March 1986 to July 2006. The cephalic vein was preferentially chosen for line placement, in the deltopectoral groove, under fluoroscopic control. TIVAD performance (life-span or survival) and complications were evaluated. Data were extracted by review of a local database (data collated prospectively since 1986), with supplementation from electronic patient records and medical notes. RESULTS In total 165 TIVADs in 109 patients (34 males, 75 females) were reviewed. Median survival was 1441 days (range, 6–4440 days). Cumulative patency was 146,072 catheter-days. No immediate intrathoracic complications (pneumothorax, haemothorax, nerve injury) occurred. There were 3 early and 82 late complications, namely: occlusion (33 TIVADs; median age 510 days), infection (23 TIVADs; median 376 days), leakage (16; median 283 days), pain or discomfort (6), venous thrombosis (5), extravasation/skin necrosis (1), vegetation in right atrium (1). Overall incidence of complications was 0.58 per 1000 catheter-days. CONCLUSIONS This study concurs with others that TIVADs are safe and effective, with a favourable life-span in cystic fibrosis patients if well looked after in a specialist centre. Complications of infection, leakage and occlusion do occur. Using an open, venous cut-down technique with fluoroscopic control avoids any immediate intrathoracic complications.
Fact or Infection: Do Surgical Trainees Know Enough About Infection Control?
Authors: Brady RRW , McDermott C , Gibb AP , Paterson-Brown S 
Published: November 2008

INTRODUCTION There exists a high level of non-compliance with basic infection control measures by medical staff. One explanation may be a lack of familiarity with contemporary infection control guidelines. As surgical trainees represent a key group of stakeholders responsible for the delivery of recommended infection control practice, we assessed knowledge of infection control guidelines amongst current UK surgical trainees. MATERIALS AND METHODS Without warning, during the annual meeting of the UK Association of Surgeons in Training (ASiT), participating surgical trainees were asked to complete a questionnaire examining their basic knowledge of infection control and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) based on recently published guidelines. RESULTS A total of 52 trainees (13 higher surgical trainees [HSTs]; 39 basic surgical trainees [BSTs]) returned completed questionnaires in the study. BSTs demonstrated a higher level of knowledge of infection control, outperforming the HSTs in 7 out of 11 questions. Of surgical trainees, 61.5% were misinformed regarding the prevalence of MRSA blood-stream infections and 69% were unaware of policies for transfer of MRSA-positive patients. Analysis revealed areas of concern in regards to an adequate general level of knowledge of infection control in surgical trainees, particularly in some key areas. CONCLUSIONS To ensure patient safety and reduce hospital-acquired infections, it is vital that focused, co-ordinated programmes of education, in this rapidly changing field, are prioritised and formalised into surgical training, selection and assessment.
A Preliminary Investigation of the Efficacy of Disgust Exposure Techniques in a Subclinical Population With Blood and Injection Fears
Authors: Hirai Michiyo , Cochran Heather M. , Meyer Jennifer S. , Butcher Jennifer L. , Vernon Laura L. , Meadows Elizabeth A. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThe current study examined whether a traditional exposure-based treatment for blood-injection-injury (BII) phobia would be effective at reducing disgust responses to BII stimuli and whether the addition of modules targeting disgust would provide incremental efficacy. Participants, many of whom reported subclinical BII phobia symptoms, underwent one of two single-session exposure protocols, one targeting fear alone, and the other targeting both fear and disgust. Both treatments consisted of education components (fear-only or fear-disgust) and in vivo exposure (fear-only or fear-disgust). Both the fear-only and the fear-disgust treatment groups significantly decreased fear and avoidance behaviour toward BII stimuli over time. The two groups also experienced similar reductions in disgust responses to BII-related stimuli and global as well as domain-specific disgust sensitivity. The effect sizes indicated that the fear-disgust group evidenced greater reduction in symptoms than did the fear-only group. The implications of the results for models of phobia maintenance and treatment are discussed.
The Benefits of Mindfulness Meditation: Changes in Emotional States of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress
Authors: Schreiner Istvan , Malcolm James P. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThe research investigated the effect of mindfulness meditation on the emotional states of depression, anxiety, and stress. Additionally, we explored whether people with varying severity of depression, anxiety, and stress responded differently to mindfulness training. In order to investigate these questions, participants (n = 50) completed the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale, 21-item version (DASS-21) before and after a 10-week mindfulness meditation program. As predicted, the severity levels of all affective measures have decreased by the end of the meditation course. Participants with severe emotional difficulties at the time of commencing the meditation course demonstrated the most notable improvement over time. These results suggest that mindfulness training is beneficial in reducing the symptoms of subclinical depression and anxiety and can substantially reduce stress. Attentional retraining and self-management aspects of mindfulness meditation, as well as relevant methodological issues are discussed.
Valence band spectroscopy on lignin
Authors: Klarhöfer Lothar , Roos Burkhard , Viöl Wolfgang , Höfft Oliver , Dieckhoff Stefan , Kempter Volker , Maus-Friedrichs Wolfgang 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
The valence band of lignin and sputtered lignin was studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) and metastable induced electron spectroscopy (MIES). The corresponding spectra were compared with those from fingerprint molecules, representing the various chemical groups of lignin. The results of this analysis show that valence band spectroscopy, in particular a combination of XPS, UPS and MIES, allows an identification of hydroxyl, methoxy and phenyl groups at the lignin surface.
Soda–AQ delignification of poplar wood. Part 1: Reaction mechanism and pulp properties
Authors: Venica Alberto D. , Chen Chen-Loung , Gratzl Josef S. 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
Soda and soda-anthraquinone (AQ) pulpings of poplar (Populus deltoides) wood performed in a flow-through reactor gives rise to the formation of coniferyl alcohol (1) sinapyl alcohol (2) and other low molecular weight (LMW) compounds in different stages of delignification. During the heating-up period, the formation of these compounds increases until the maximum pulping temperature (t
max, 170°C) is reached. Afterward, their concentration in the spent liquor decreases sharply. This effect is accompanied by solubilization of high molecular weight (HMW) lignin fractions. Compared with soda pulping, the soda-AQ pulping shows a higher production of LMW compounds because of the presence of AQ-anthrahydroquinone (AHQ) redox system. During the heating-up period, the formation of 1 and 2 – apparently originated from non-etherified β-aryl-ether moieties in the lignin – is accompanied by solubilization of lignin fragments with relative LMW. Lignin cores, having β-aryl-ether bonds as major hydrolyzable inter-unit linkages, remain in the fiber, and they give rise to solubilized lignin fragments with HMW at later delignification stages. The dissolved fragments, in particular those formed during heating-up period, undergo further degradation in the liquor. The degradation occurs via oligomers at the end of the pulping, while the residual lignin cores are more resistant. Pulps with low kappa number can be produced by maintaining higher alkali concentrations than the usual in the last delignification phase. When the pulping liquor is replaced in this stage with liquors of higher alkali concentration, extended delignification will be the result. As a consequence, less degraded lignin fragments will be deposited on fibers.
Manufacture of laminated strand veneer (LSV) composite. Part 1: Optimization and characterization of thin strand veneers
Authors: Weight Shilo W. , Yadama Vikram 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
The forest resources are changing due to fire prevention and depletion of old growth forest. Applications for small-diameter juvenile timber, especially for low-value species, such as ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) are needed. In this study, a novel thin wood strand composite of P. ponderosa, 3.2 mm thick, is introduced as a veneer substitute. Optimization was performed for the processing parameters phenol formaldehyde resin content, platen temperature, and the aspect ratio strand length to thickness (L/t). Mean modulus of elasticity and modulus of rupture values of 10.2 GPa and 79.1 MPa, respectively, were obtained with the optimized formulation (5.5% resin, platen temperature 152°C, and aspect ratio of 430). These values were approximately 2–2.5 times higher than the parent small-diameter ponderosa pine lumber. The results indicate that fast-growing low-density species – such as hybrid poplars, or small-diameter timber with predominantly juvenile wood – could potentially be used to manufacture strand veneers of consistent quality with significantly higher strength and stiffness than parent material.
Automatisiertes Differenzialblutbild: Gegenwärtiger Stand und Perspektiven / Automated blood cell differential: State of the art and eye to the future
Authors: Nebe C. Thomas , Baurmann Herrad , Kuling Gudrun , Diem Heinz 
Published: November 2008

Zusammenfassung
Das automatisiert gemessene Differentialblutbild stellt eine der häufigsten Untersuchungen im medizinischen Labor dar. Wie zuverlässig ist die Methode als diagnostisches Sieb im Rahmen einer Stufendiagnostik? Welche pathologischen Bilder werden übersehen? Welche Körperflüssigkeiten können untersucht werden? Was sind die präanalytischen Vorraussetzungen? Wann ist eine mikroskopische Kontrolle erforderlich? Die Kostenerstattung hat einen Punkt erreicht, wo eine persönliche Begutachtung eines jeden Ergebnisses mit seinen Diagrammdarstellungen und die mikroskopische Untersuchung des Blutausstrichs kaum mehr geleistet werden kann. Die Technologie der aktuellen Geräte am Markt ist kürzlich an dieser Stelle beschrieben worden. Nachfolgend werden daher die Stärken und Schwächen der automatisierten Blutbilderstellung diskutiert, um im Labor eine Entscheidungsgrundlage zu haben für die Risiken einer Stufendiagnostik in Abhängigkeit von der Fachrichtung des Einsenders.
Budd-Chiari Syndrom und Portalvenenthrombose – Bedeutung der JAK2-Mutation als neuer Risikomarker / Budd-Chiari syndrome and portal venous thrombosis – relevance of the JAK2 mutation as a new risk marker
Authors: Roskos Martin 
Published: November 2008

Zusammenfassung
Das Vorliegen eines myeloproliferativen Syndroms wird als häufigster Risikofaktor für das Auftreten einer Pfortaderthrombose oder eines Budd-Chiari Syndroms angesehen. Von weiterer Bedeutung sind angeborene oder erworbene Gerinnungsstörungen und Lebererkrankungen. Etwa 25% der Thrombosen ereignen sich ohne ei-nen Hinweis auf eine mögliche Ätiologie. Bei einigen dieser Patienten finden sich jedoch zumindest im Knochenmarkbefund Hinweise auf das Vorliegen eines bcr-abl-negativen proliferativen Syndroms. Die im Jahre 2005 beschriebene V617F-Mutation im Gen der Januskinase 2 konnte die Diagnostik für einen Teil der myeloproliferativen Erkrankungen deutlich verbessern und das Verständnis für die pathobiochemischen und pathophysiologischen Prozesse bei myeloproliferativen Erkrankungen erweitern. Die nachfolgenden retrospektiven Studien bei Patienten mit einem Budd-Chiari Syndrom oder einer Pfortaderthrombose konnten zeigen, dass bei Patienten, deren Thrombosen bisher als idiopathisch eingestuft worden waren, zu einem hohen Prozentsatz eine V617F Mutation vorlag und dass ein Teil dieser Patienten nach dem thrombotischen Ereignis ein myeloproliferatives Syndrom entwickelte.
“Master Arigo Ysach, Our Brother”: New Light on Isaac in Florence, 1502–17
Authors: Zanovello Giovanni 
Published: November 2008

AbstractRecently discovered documents shed new light on Heinrich Isaac's biography in the sixteenth century: hitherto unknown payments by Isaac (ca. 1450–1517) to the Florentine confraternity of Santa Barbara. As it turns out, Isaac was a regular member of the association from 1502 and bequeathed a substantial sum at his death. The records, in conjunction with other documents, illuminate Isaac's life from three complementary perspectives: the composer's biography (especially in the years 1502–7 and 1509–17), the wider context of the actions Isaac took in preparation for his old age and death, and the issues they raise regarding the composer's social background and integration in Florence during the first years of the sixteenth century. Against this backdrop the new documents allow us to question a number of assumptions, including the notion that Isaac's main residence in 1502–17 was in the imperial lands and that his social integration in Florence was exclusively linked to the Medici. They enrich our understanding of the social history of northern musicians in Italy around 1500.
ABOVE‐ AND BELOWGROUND INTERACTIONS ARE MEDIATED BY NUTRIENT AVAILABILITY
Authors: Haase Josephine , Brandl Roland , Scheu Stefan , Schädler Martin 
Published: November 2008

By influencing nutrient mineralization in the soil, decomposers may affect the performance of plants and their associated herbivores. The strength of above–belowground linkages may therefore depend on the availability of nutrients in ecosystems. We investigated the dependency of decomposer‐ and leaf‐herbivore‐mediated changes in plant performance on soil nutrient availability in microcosm systems. In separate treatments,Poa annuawas used as host plant for the herbivore and was grown in combination with different herb species:Plantago lanceolata,Trifolium repens, andSanguisorba minor. At three different levels of nutrient availability, the impact of Collembola (Folsomia candida) and aphids (Rhopalosiphum padi), as well as their interacting effects on plant performance, were investigated. We further assessed the effects of Collembola on the performance of aphids and vice versa, as well as the effects on element contents inP. annuaand soil nutrients.Collembola increased total aboveground biomass and biomass of single plant species (exceptT. repens) only at low and moderate nutrient availability, whereas the negative effects of aphids onP. annuaand total aboveground biomass were highest at high nutrient availability. Collembola decreased relative root allocation. The negative effect of aphids on plant biomass was more pronounced in the presence of Collembola. Nitrogen concentration in shoots ofP. annuawas increased by Collembola. Aphids decreased the nitrogen concentration in grass shoots only when Collembola were present. These interacting effects can be related to indirect effects of decomposers on herbivore performance. At low and moderate nutrient availability, aphid numbers strongly increased due to decomposers, whereas at high nutrient availability this effect was much weaker. In turn, aphid herbivory increased the number of Collembola only at high nutrient availability.We conclude that the role of both below‐ and aboveground food webs for the dynamics of vegetation depend on each other and the availability of nutrients in ecosystems. This suggests that nutrient enrichment of ecosystems may have important consequences for above–belowground linkages and their effects on natural communities.
Alveolar Ridge Augmentation With Titanium Mesh and a Combination of Autogenous Bone and Anorganic Bovine Bone: A 2‐Year Prospective Study
Authors: Pieri Francesco , Corinaldesi Giuseppe , Fini Milena , Aldini Nicolò Nicoli , Giardino Roberto , Marchetti Claudio 
Published: November 2008

Background: Recently, the use of bovine bone mineral (BBM) in combination with autogenous bone for alveolar ridge augmentation before implant placement has increased in favor because of concerns over morbidity associated with extraoral donor sites. The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the clinical and radiographic parameters of implants placed in augmented ridges using a 70:30 mixture of autogenous bone and BBM in association with micro‐mesh over a 2‐year period.Methods: Sixteen partially edentulous patients requiring bone augmentation were consecutively treated for 19 reconstructive procedures and delayed implant placement (44 implants) after 8 to 9 months of submerged mesh healing. Clinical examinations were performed and radiographs of the implants were taken 6 months after prosthetic loading and once a year during a 2‐year follow‐up.Results: Only one (5.3%) of the 19 micro‐meshes became exposed after 2 months and was removed. Computed tomography scans of the alveolar ridge pre‐ and postreconstruction demonstrated mean vertical augmentation of 3.71 ± 1.24 mm and mean horizontal augmentation of 4.16 ± 0.59 mm. All of the implants were retained after 2 years, yielding a 100% survival rate. The mean bone resorption around the implants was 1.37 ± 0.32 mm during the observation period. Only three implants demonstrated bone resorption >2 mm, whereas 41 implants were considered clinically successful, resulting in a success rate of 93.1%.Conclusion: This 2‐year prospective study demonstrated that implants placed into augmented bone using this technique exhibited peri‐implant stability with high survival (100%) and success (93.1%) rates.
Relationship Between Periodontal Condition and Plasma Reactive Oxygen Metabolites in Patients in the Maintenance Phase of Periodontal Treatment
Authors: Tamaki Naofumi , Tomofuji Takaaki , Maruyama Takayuki , Ekuni Daisuke , Yamanaka Reiko , Takeuchi Noriko , Yamamoto Tatsuo 
Published: November 2008

Background: The relationship between systemic antioxidative status and periodontal condition has been investigated in epidemiologic studies. However, little literature is available with regard to the correlation between systemic reactive oxygen species and periodontal condition. The purpose of this cross‐sectional study was to investigate the relationship between plasma reactive oxygen metabolites (ROM) and periodontal condition in patients in the maintenance phase of periodontal treatment.Methods: Eighty‐one subjects (mean age: 57.4 years) who had entered a periodontal maintenance program were examined for probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment level (CAL). Plasma levels of ROM and biologic antioxidant potential (BAP) were determined with a free radical electric evaluator.Results: The plasma level of ROM was positively correlated to mean CAL (r = 0.281; P = 0.011) and percentage of teeth with CAL ≥4 mm (r = 0.236; P = 0.034), but not mean PD (r = 0.196; P = 0.080). Logistic regression analysis showed that subjects with ROM levels >400 Carratelli units (CARR U) had significantly higher mean CAL compared to subjects with ROM ≤400 CARR U after adjusting for age, gender, and the number of teeth present (P = 0.011). However, the plasma level of BAP was not significantly correlated with the periodontal parameters.Conclusions: A positive association was found between plasma oxidative status and CAL in patients in the maintenance phase of periodontal therapy. A systemic increase in oxidative stress may influence the rate of progression of periodontal disease.