bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel initiation genes in squamous cell carcinomagenesis: A role for substrate‐specific ubiquitylation in the control of cell survival
Authors: Albor Amador , Kulesz‐Martin Molly 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe study of experimental epidermal carcinogenesis offers several advantages over other epithelial carcinogenesis models, including easy accessibility and a database of research findings spanning over a century. Our studies make use of a clonal in vitro/in vivo keratinocyte carcinogenesis model with low frequency of ras mutation and derivative clonal‐initiated lineages with distinct tumor fate. Analysis of this model has yielded candidate genes involved in the stages of initiation and tumorigenic progression, and has revealed novel roles for ubiquitylation in transcriptional control of survival and apoptotic pathways during the early stages of carcinogenesis. The expression of a recently described E3‐ubiquitin ligase, Trim32, is elevated during initiation, and ectopic expression of Trim32 confers extended survival in response to terminal differentiation and ultraviolet light (UV) B/TNF‐α death signals. Trim32 binds and ubiquitylates Piasy, controlling its stability and accumulation. Piasy is a SUMOylation factor involved in the control of apoptosis, senescence, and NF‐κB activation. NF‐κB is a survival factor for keratinocytes in response to UV irradiation, the main carcinogenic stimulus for the epidermis. Piasy inhibits NF‐κB activity, and promotes keratinocyte apoptosis in response to UV and TNF‐α. In human skin squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) samples, we found an inverse correlation between Trim32 and Piasy expression supporting a role for Trim32–Piasy interaction in human epidermal carcinogenesis. Our hypothesis is that increased expression of Trim32 may enhance epidermal carcinogenesis, by increasing the threshold of NF‐κB activity through Piasy downmodulation. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The effects of electromagnetic coupling on MMIC design
Authors: Goldfarb Marc , Platzker Aryeh 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe undesired effects of electromagnetic coupling between passive elements in MIC and MMIC designs are examined. Measured data of several strongly coupled circuit topologies commonly encountered in MMIC design are compared to simulations using circuit theory programs employing discontinuity models as well as electromagnetic field simulation tools. The results of this comparison are used to derive a set of specifications for a simulation tool suitable for use in the design of MIC and MMIC circuits.
Relationship between process and materials variations and variations in S‐ and equivalent‐circuit parameters
Authors: Anholt R. , King J. , Worley R. , Gillespie J. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractUsing a variety of DC and RF measurements of electrical parameters of GaAs MESFETs and the GATES process and device modeling program, we derive distributions of the root process variations. These distributions are then used in GATES Monte Carlo simulations to compute distributions of equivalent‐circuit parameters and S‐parameters at a fixed frequency (6 GHz). We find reasonable agreement between the simulated variations and the standard deviations in the measured S‐parameters, enabling us to determine the most important process variations affecting S‐parameter uniformity.
Printed radiating structures and transitions in multilayered substrates
Authors: Barlatey Lionel , Smith Hugh , Mosig Juan 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis article reviews an integral equation technique to efficiently solve printed structures consisting of conducting patches, slots, and ground planes residing in a stratified medium. The integral equation is cast into a mixed potential form and solved in the space domain. Both the electric and magnetic surface currents are considered as general two‐dimensional surface currents with no prescribed or preferred direction. Thus, arbitrary shapes for patches and slots can be considered. After the formulation in the space domain, the integral equation is solved using the method of moments. Theoretical results are compared with measurements for three structures. These structures are: a wide slot antenna excited by a microstrip line; a microstrip line‐slot line‐microstrip line transition; and transitions between microstrip lines embedded at different levels of a multilayered media. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Modeling of nonlinear elements in a three‐dimensional condensed node TLM mesh
Authors: Nielsen J. S. , Hoefer W. J. R. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA methodology will be presented for incorporating arbitrary, multiport, nonlinear devices into a three‐dimensional (3D) condensed node TLM mesh. Gear's second‐order predictor‐corrector algorithm with a variable step size is used to solve the differential equations of the device. Two examples are given to demonstrate the concepts and the versatility of the method. These include a waveguide cavity varactor‐tuned oscillator and a diode switch. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Modeling of coaxial feed contribution to microstrip antenna impedance: Comparison of a numerical model with analytical expressions
Authors: Laheurte J. M. , Papiernik A. , Mosig J. R. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis article presents and compares the basic analytical expressions currently used to evaluate the probe impedance in coaxial‐fed microstrip patches. These expressions belong essentially to two different families, namely the quasi‐static models and the “two‐infinite‐parallel‐plates” models. Particular attention is paid to the theoretical foundations of every model. The qualities of each family are ascertained by comparing their predictions to experimental results and to rigorous numerical results obtained using a full‐wave numerical model. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Moment method analysis of circularly polarized microstrip antenna with parasitic element
Authors: Au T.‐M. , Luk K.‐M. , Lee K.‐F. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe circular polarization characteristics of stacked microstrip antennas with a single coaxial feed are analyzed by the method of moments. Green's functions for the patch currents are formulated in the spectral domain. Galerkin's method is employed to determine the input impedance, far‐field patterns, impedance bandwidth, beamwidth, and axial‐ratio bandwidth. The possibility of improving the axial‐ratio bandwidth of the microstrip antenna is demonstrated. Numerical data are obtained to compare with the experimental data available in the literature. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Three‐dimensional finite element analysis of N‐port waveguide junctions using edge‐elements
Authors: Wong Man‐Faï , Picon Odile , Hanna Victor Fouad 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe finite element method is formulated in such a way that the electromagnetic solution of an excited cavity formed from an N‐port waveguides junction leads directly and naturally to circuit characteristics of this junction. The use of edge‐elements eliminates nonphysical solutions. The reliability of the method is assured compared to a penalty method. Accuracy of the method is demonstrated through the presentation of results for a waveguide T‐junction, while its efficiency is proven through the presentation of results for two case studies of a finite step discontinuity and a finline T‐junction. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Association analyses of GIP and GIPR polymorphisms with traits of the metabolic syndrome
Authors: Nitz Inke , Fisher Eva , Weikert Cornelia , Burwinkel Barbara , Li Yun , Möhlig Matthias , Boeing Heiner , Schreiber Stefan , Schrezenmeir Jürgen , Döring Frank 
Published: July 2007

AbstractGlucose‐dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) stimulates insulin release via interaction with its pancreatic receptor (GIP receptor (GIPR)). GIP also acts as vasoactive protein. To investigate whether variations in GIP and GIPR genes are associated with risk factors of the metabolic syndrome we sequenced gene regions and identified two coding SNPs (GIP Ser103Gly, GIPR Glu354Gln) and one splice site SNP (GIP rs2291726) in 47 subjects. Interestingly, in silico analyses revealed that splice site SNP rs2291726 results in a truncated protein and classified GIPR variant Glu354Gln as a functional amino acid change. Association analyses were performed in a case‐cohort study of incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) nested in the EPIC‐Potsdam cohort. No significant associations between incident CVD and GIP Ser103Gly and rs2291726 were found. For GIPR Glu354Gln, we obtained a nominal association of heterozygous minor allele carrier with CVD in a codominant model adjusted for BMI, sex, and age (OR: 0.67, CI: 0.50–0.91, p = 0.01) or additional covariates of CVD (OR: 0.72, CI: 0.52–0.97, p = 0.03). In conclusion, we identified a common splice site mutation (rs2291726) of the GIP gene which results in a truncated protein and provide preliminary evidence for an association of the heterozygous GIPR Glu354Gln genotype with CVD.
Patch antenna quasioptical mixers
Authors: Jackson C. M. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractTwo novel quasioptical mixers using patch antennas and compact local oscillator (LO) ports are described: a fundamentally pumped mixer with a waveguide LO and a subharmonically pumped mixer with a planar LO. The angular dependence of the antenna patterns, the isotropic conversion loss, and the mixer noise figure are presented. A 7.5‐dB noise figure has been measured at 35 GHz for the subharmonically pumped design. The importance of the effective antenna temperature and its effect on the mixer noise figure are discussed.
Optical gain control of a GaAs MMIC distributed amplifier
Authors: Paolella A. , Herczfeld P. R. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis paper reports on experimental results of an optical gain control of a GaAs microwave monolithic integrated circuit (MMIC) distributed amplifier. The amplifier gain was varied by 15 dB and was controlled by a LED (250 μW) over the frequency range of 5‐8 GHz. The key to this investigation is the development of a simple inexpensive optical control mechanism that is compatible with MMIC fabrication methods.
A novel surface‐emitting laser using leaky mode output coupling
Authors: Lee S. , Horton T. , Figueroa L. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA novel surface‐emitting laser design that utilizes leaky mode emission is proposed. Power is coupled out of the active layer in a narrow beam by monolithically integrating a prism‐like structure with a conventional semiconductor laser. Threshold current densities and external efficiencies approximately 1 kA / cm2 and 0.3, respectively, are estimated.
Reciprocity related definition of strip characteristic impedance for multiconductor hybrid‐mode transmission lines
Authors: Wiemer L. , Jansen R. H. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe definition of frequency dependent strip characteristic impedance for multiconductor transmission lines in inhomogeneous dielectric media is discussed. The considerations are based on orthogonality properties for the eigencurrent and eigenvoltage vectors of propagation modes that have been presented by Marx and Nagai for the TEM case and are now extended to general hybrid‐mode structures. The definition adopted takes care of the reciprocity of transmission line structures and is essential to get consistent simulation results in the CAD of MICs and MMICs.
Stabilization of class C transistor amplifiers by use of ferrite beads
Authors: Konishi Y. , Awai I. , Noritake Y. , Nakajima M. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA Hartley oscillation induced in class C transistor amplifiers is suppressed effectively by ferrite beads in the bias circuits. Selection of ferrite materials and dimensions is important so as to keep the necessary impedance condition.
Study on the effect of radiation imprisonment
Authors: Runwen Wang , Chao Ye 
Published: July 2007

AbstractRadiation imprisonment is an important method of studying the radiation time spectrum of a fluorescent medium. Theoretical research on this topic has not been put into practice because of being too complicated; what is still in use for analysis is the imitation method. In this note the photon's free path is introduced and the expressions of the time spectrum of light passing through the fluorescent medium are derived. Using these equations we have calculated the time spectrum of fluorescent light of dye R6G and mercury vapour. The latter is in agreement with the experimental result.
Continuous order derivative for optical signals and images
Authors: Rabal H. , Zerbino L. , Ojeda‐Castañeda J. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractFor optically implementing new mathematical operations and for processing signals and images, we define a continuous order derivative operator in Fourier optics. We examine some examples and discuss some potential applications for this kind of operator. We describe an experimental setup for implementing optically the continuous order derivative of one‐dimensional signals.
Multimode analysis of semiconductor lasers through a large signal nonlinear equivalent circuit model
Authors: Defonzo Alfred P. , Gomatam Badri 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA multimode rate equation analysis of the semiconductor laser including the effects of nonlinear gain is presented. A large signal equivalent circuit model is used to determine the response of the laser. The analysis has been applied to the direct intensity modulation of individual longitudinal modes as well as to the transient response of the laser under different excitation schemes.
Monolithically integrated coplanar 75‐GHz silicon impatt oscillator
Authors: Luy J. F. , Strohm K. M. , Buechler J. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractPlanar IMPATT diodes have been fabricated for W‐band operation on high‐resistivity silicon substrates. The active layers are grown by silicon molecular beam epitaxy. The diodes are monolithically integrated in a coplanar disc resonator. Good DC characteristics have been achieved. Oscillations have been detected at a frequency of 76 GHz with a continuous wave output power of about 1 mW.
A cw 20‐GHZ optoelectronic source with phased‐array applications
Authors: Butler Douglas , Chauchard Eve A. , Webb Kevin J. , Zaki Kawthar A. , Lee Chi H. , Polak‐Dingels Penny , Hung Hing‐Lol A. , Huang Ho. C. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractUsing picosecond photoconductors switched by a mode‐locked laser along with a filter and amplifier, we were able to generate an optically synchronized 20‐GHz wave, Stability characterization measurements were then performed on this signal, indicating its application to a number of high‐speed signal processing and phase‐control operations, such as a monolithic phased‐array antenna.
Theory of feedback phase stabilization of external cavity semiconductor lasers
Authors: Lintao Zhang , Xiaomin Ren , Pelda Ye 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA phase‐control scheme of external cavity semiconductor lasers based on feedback phase dependence of the difference between output power from the two ends of the laser is analyzed. It is shown that the phase control is independent of temperature and current fluctuations only when the zero point of the power difference is taken as the lock point. The theoretical results agree with the experimental results previously reported.
Characteristics of broadside coupled cylindrical striplines
Authors: Reddy C. Jagadeswara , Deshpande Manohar D. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis letter presents a method for calculating the even and odd mode impedances of broadside coupled cylindrical striplines using the conformal mapping technique. Closed form expressions are presented for calculating the even and odd mode characteristic impedances. The data for even and odd mode impedances are presented. The analysis can also be extended to warped broadside coupled striplines.
Propagation characteristics of superconductive interconnects
Authors: Cangellaris A. C. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractUnder the assumptions of weak magnetic fields and temperatures well below the critical temperature of the superconductors, the propagation characteristics of a set of N coupled superconducting strips are calculated using an integral equation approach. The proposed theory provides accurate results for frequencies up to a few GHz. Magnetic field calculations allow us to predict acceptable values for the currents in the strips. Comparison with the propagation characteristics of aluminum strips demonstrates the major advantages of superconducting transmission lines, namely, negligible losses and dispersion, and higher phase velocities. Such properties are highly desirable in the engineering of fast interconnects for modern high‐speed integrated circuits.
Microwave behavior of electroless microstrip lines on SI GaAs substrates
Authors: Sinha M. P. , Mahapatra S. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA technique of fabrication and evaluation of microstrip lines onto undoped semi‐insulating (SI) GaAs substrates is described. The fabrication technique is based on the electroless plating of nickel flashed with gold. The evaluation includes the measurements of transmission and reflection properties of microstrip lines. The measured data for insertion and return loss are encouraging.
Mfsk signal detection using acousto‐optic joint transform correlator
Authors: Yu Francis T. S. , Nagata Toshio 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA multichannel acousto‐optic joint transform correlator is presented. On‐plane acousto‐optic (AO) cells and a square‐law converter are employed. The AO cells are driven by frequency multiplexed temporal signals to produce spatially modulated signals. The joint transform power spectrum is generated with a square‐law converter. By inverse Fourier transformation with a coherent readout, the cross correlation of input signals can be obtained. Since the architecture can process wideband signals, it may be applied to detect multiple frequency shift keying (MFSK) signals.
Waveguide measurements on dye‐filled hollow‐core fibers as laser systems
Authors: Englert Thad J. , Flohr Mark C. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractPreliminary measurements of the waveguide properties of hollow‐core glass fibers filled with an index‐matching dye solution indicate that such fibers may be useful as dye laser systems. Efficient guidance of 632.8 nm light is found for various core diameters and lightwave polarization is retained over 1‐m lengths.
Aberration balancing for shade annular pupils
Authors: Ojeda‐Castañeda J. , Gomez‐Sarabia C. M. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractWe report a simple, yet powerful, Fourier optics formalism for balancing wave aberrations with circular symmetry. Our balancing method is valid either for clear annular apertures (the clear circular aperture being a particular case) or for certain shade annular pupils. We relate our method with Maréchal's tolerance treatment.
A fiber optic recirculating memory loop for radar applications
Authors: Koffman I. , Herczfeld P. R. , Daryoush A. S. , Even‐Or B. , Markowitz R. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe use of optical fibers as the delay line element in radio frequency memory loops, promises light weight and small size devices with long time delays. This paper presents the experimental results and performance analysis of a 2‐6‐GHz fiber optic recirculating delay line.
A note on a parabolic elliptical prime‐fed offset reflector antenna
Authors: Knop C. M. , Cheng Y. B. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractAn extension of the analysis of the parabolic circular prime‐fed offset antenna to the elliptical prime‐fed offset case is given. An example design with experimental verification is provided. Advantages / disadvantages of this elliptical case are discussed.
Resonant behavior of conducting slotted rectangular shells
Authors: Wang Tai‐Mo , Ling Hao 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA parametric study of scattering from a slotted rectangular shell is presented. The E‐field integral equation for the TM excitation is solved using the method of moments. Resonance spikes in the scattering width appear at frequencies that correspond to the resonant frequencies of the interior cavity. When the slot size increases, the resonance spikes shift down as well as broaden in frequency. A different set of modes is excited when the slot position changes. For a slot on the shadow region of the incident wave, the resonance spikes do not appear.
Joint fourier transform processor
Authors: Yu F. T. S. , Ludman J. E. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA joint Fourier transform processor can be used as a conventional coherent optical processor. In principle, the joint transform processor can perform all the optical data processing that a conventional coherent optical processor can offer. Sample illustrations for signal extraction and image subtraction are given. The major advantages of the joint transform processor must be (1) the avoidance of synthesizing a matched spatial filter, (2) higher space‐bandwidth product, (3) lower spatial carrier frequency requirement, (4) higher output diffraction efficiency, etc.
Attenuation coefficient of the guided mode supported by a metal‐clad planar dielectric waveguide
Authors: Seshadri S. R. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe attenuation coefficient of the guided mode supported by a metal‐clad planar dielectric waveguide is deduced by a perturbation technique that is commonly used for metallic waveguides for both the transverse electric and the transverse magnetic modes.
Regularization of permittivity profiles reconstructed by a spectral inverse scattering scheme
Authors: Choi Hyun‐Chul , Ra Jung‐Woong , Kim Se‐Yun 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA spectral inverse technique, applying the moment‐method procedure with a series expansion for the induced field in each enlarged cell, is suggested to reconstruct permittivity profiles of inhomogeneous dielectric objects. In particular, averaging the reconstructed permittivity distribution over each cell with a weighting function becomes an effective tool to regularize the error arising from a Gaussian random noise of the scattered field.
Theoretical analysis of a four‐level single‐mode fiber laser
Authors: Wang Qing‐Hai , Lian Han‐Xiong 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe relation between the output power and input pump power and then the threshold pump power and slope efficiency of a four‐level single mode fiber laser is analysed in terms of the four‐level rate equations and the numerical results are in good agreement with the available experimental results by M. Shimizu (1987). Meanwhile, the theoretical model of this paper is simpler and more reasonable than that of Shimizu and is applied to design a single mode fiber laser as well as a single mode fiber amplifier with four‐level material.
Hybrid‐mode analysis of asymmetrical shielded dielectric resonator
Authors: Duarte Adriao D. N. , Baudrand Henri 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA rigorous analysis is presented to determine the resonant frequency and Q factor of an asymmetrical resonator. The Galerkin method is used for the resonant frequency calculation, and the computation time is largely reduced by evaluating the integrals analytically. The method is found to converge rapidly by taking different numbers of modes in the dielectric and air regions yielding an excellent characterization of an asymmetrical dielectric loaded cavity. The agreement of the obtained results with experimental data proves the validity of the method.
A spectral domain approach to electromagnetic coupling through apertures in planar conducting surfaces
Authors: Kouki A. B. , Chan C. H. , Mittra R. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA spectral domain approach to solving planar aperture type problems is described. The method is first formulated for an arbitrary aperture in a conducting plane separating two half‐spaces, then applied to the case of a fin‐line structure. The formulation is carried out in the spectral domain in terms of the aperture electric field instead of the electric current density on the plane. The TE‐TM decomposition of the fields in the spectral domain is used in conjunction with the transmission‐line equivalent model to construct the Green's functions associated with the problem.