bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Histochemical Study of Cytoplasmic Changes During Wall Layer Formation in the Oospore of Albugo candida
Authors: Kaur Darshan , Bhandari N. N. , Mukerji K. G. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe young multinucleate oogonium in Albugo is double‐walled with an outer layer exhibiting a negative staining reaction for insoluble polysaccharides and an inner layer which is strongly PAS‐positive. The oogonial nuclei exhibit an unusual staining behaviour with aniline blue showing an outer dark blue sheath of proteins surrounding a central hyaline nuclear core.Various histochemical localizations were performed for tracing the chronological sequence of development of the wall layers of the oospore. The first wall of the fertilized oospore was laid at the interphase of the periplasm and the ooplasm. Subsequent wall layers were formed both on the inner and outer side of the first oosporic wall. The second oosporic wall was formed just internal to the first one and exhibited faint PAS positivity. The third wall of the oospore was formed external to the first one and the PAS‐negative material for this was apparently contributed by the periplasm. This wall layer at later stages acquired a ridged appearance and these ridges in a mature oospore appear as distinct “pegs”. The last wall to be formed is the innermost one and it completely surrounds the central ooplasm. This wall layer is callosic in nature.
An Efficient Microinoculation Procedure to Study Plant Virus Multiplication at Predetermined Individual Infection Sites on the Leaves
Authors: Konate G. , Fritig B. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe microinoculation procedure (inoculated are 0.02—0.05 mm2 was carried out using the very thin tip of a stretched Pasteur pipette. It was dipped in a 500 μg/ml suspension of purified TMV, brought into contact with the upper epidermis of the leaf which had been dusted With an abrasive and rotated twice without actually pricking the leaf tissue. Five minutes later, the excess abrasive and virus were removed by rinsing the leaves under water. The procedure was applied to several tobacco‐TMV combinations. It induced the formation of single local lesions with over 90% efficiency on hypersensitively reacting hosts. Comparable efficiencies were obtained with systemically reacting hosts, as evidenced by a radiochemical procedure coupled with indirect ELISA (KONATE and FRITIG 1983). It was found that residual virus originating from the inoculum was negligible and could casily be distinguished form newly synthesized virus, even shortly after the microinoculation. This makes it possible to measure the rates of virus cell‐to‐cell spread and of virus multiplication at various times after inoculation and at various distances form the points of virus entry. These approadies can be extended to the comparison between differently reacting hosts and to the study of interference between different viruses or different virus strains.
Phenolic Compounds and the Polyphenoloxidase and Peroxidase Activity in Callus Tissue Culture‐Pathogen Combination of Red Raspberry and Didymella applanata (Niessl.) Sacc.
Authors: Czech‐Kozbowska M. , Krzywaanaski Z. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe content of phenolic compounds as well as the activity of polyphenoloxidase and peroxidase in the red raspberry callus tissue after D. applanata infection were investigated. Two red raspberry cultivars: Latham — relatively resistant and M. Promise — susceptible were used.In the M. Promise cultivar the amount of phenols, especially o‐diphenols, decreased after infection and stayed more or less on the same level in Latham cultivar. The activity of polyphenoloxidase increased in both of the investigated cultivars, however in the tissue of Latham cultivar this rise was more pronounced than in the M. Promise one. The changes in peroxidase activity after infection were inconsiderable.The relation between the changes observed after infection in the phenolic metabolism and the differentiated susceptibility of callus tissue to D. applanata of the investigated cultivars was discussed.The obtained results explain partially the browning of infected callus tissue of one of the investigated cultivar i.e. M. Promise which had already been observed in the earlier investigations.
A Messenger RNA for Tobacco Mosaic Virus Coat Protein in Infected Tobacco Mesophyll Protoplasts
Authors: Ogawa M. , Sakai F. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractSynthesis of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV)‐specific low molecular weight component RNA (LMC) was investigated in relation to that of other TMV‐related RNAs and proteins, and formation of progeny virus particles using synchronously infected tobacco mesophyll protoplasts.Timing of LMC synthesis was shown to be almost the same as, but somewhat earlier than that of TMV‐RNA synthesis. In contrast, synthesis of TMV‐specific double‐stranded RNAs (replicative intermediate, RI and replicative form, RF) as well as a high molecular weight virus‐induced protein (140 K protein) showed the maximum incorporation rate 4–6 h earlier than LMC synthesis. While, synthesis of coat protein and formation of progeny virus particles lagged behind LMC synthesis for 6–8 h.LMC occurring in polysomes was also investigated during the course of virus replication. The amount of produced coat protein calculated theoretically from the amount of LMC in polysomes of infected protoplasts was shown to be well agreed with the experimental results, indicating that LMC in polysomes is actively functioning as messenger for coat protien synthesis in vivo.
Effect of Date of Sowing on the Incidence of Sclerotinia Stem Rot and Wilt of Gram (Cicer arietinum L.)
Authors: Singh U. P. , Singh R. B. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractGram (Cicer arietinum L.) was sown at different dates, viz., 15, 22, 29 Oct., 5, 12, 19 and 26 Nov., and 3 and 10 Dec. in 1978–1979 and 1979–1980 in four replications to enable observations to be made on the occurrence and severity of stem rot and wilt infection caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary. The plant height and canopy width were also measured and correlated with the disease intensity. Yield of each plot was taken as the criterion for suggesting to farmers the best period of sowing the gram crop. November was the most suitable period for this purpose.
Mycoparasitism by Coniothyrium minitans on Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and its Effect on Sclerotial Germination
Authors: Tu J. C. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractScanning electron microscopy showed that hyphae of Coniothyrium minitans produced appressorium‐like swellings when they came in contact with Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in dual culture on PDA. The parasitized hyphae gradually skrank and collapsed, and hyphae of the mycoparasite were found inside the host hyphae. The mycoparasite hyphae grew inter‐ and intracellularly within the sclerotia of S. sclerotiorum. In the later stages of parasitism, hyphae of the mycoparasite proliferated extensively within the sclerotia and formed pycnidia near the sclerotial surface. At this stage, the sclerotia became flattened, soft and disintegrated. Sclerotia parasitized by C. minitans failed to germinate either myceliogenically or carpogenically.
Appartenance Raciale et Pathogenie Comparée de Quelques Isolats de Verticillium dabliae (Kleb.) Obtenus a Partir de Tomateś Résistantes au Maroc
Authors: Besri M. , Zrouri M. , Beye I. 
Published: May 2008

Abstract Pathogenecity and race classification of some isolates of V. dahliae from resistant tomato in Morocco In Morocco, the cv. H 204, resistant to Verticillium dahliae race 1 is widely used under plastic tunnels. Use of this cultivar controlled the disease for many years but recently a high incidence of Verticillium on this hybird was obsereved. V. dahliae was isolated from 90 % of the wilted plants.The other 10 % were infected by F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici alone (7 %) or in association with V dabliae (3 %). The inoculation of the Verticillium susceptible cv. Vemone and of the race 1 resistant cv. H 204 by 120 isolates obtained from the resistant hybird, showed that (69 %) of the isolates are race 1 and 31 % are race 2. There are different virulence levels of V. dahliae race 2 both on the susceptible cv. Vemone and on the race 1 resistant cv. H 204. Race 2 on the average was less virulenton the susceptible than on the resistant cultivar.
Réactions histologiques de blés, résistants ou non àľinfection par Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoïdes
Authors: Khan A. R. , Bouriquet R. 
Published: May 2008

Abstract Histological reactions of wheat resistant or sensitive against infection of Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides The microscopic observations reveal important histological differences between the sensitive or resistant varieties. The disease rapidly affect the whole of the first three leafsheath tissues in the “Étoile de Choisy” variety; in the “Roazon” variety, it only affects the first two sheaths. The inter‐ or intracellular mycelia can be observed both under the form of filaments more or less dilated or under the form of dense segments in the sensitive variety. However in the resistant variety, only short segments can be observed. The tissues of those two varieties are gradually destroyed when they are in contact with P. herpotrichoides hyphae, whereas the hyphae remain undamaged. In “Etoile de Choisy” the hyphae develop in great quantity whereas in “Roazon”, the development remains limited. In the variety Ae. ventricosa no. 11, which is very resistant, the parasite rarely penetrates into the more external cell layers of the first leaf sheath,‘those invaded host cells are destroyed by the mycelium but, at the same time, the mycelian hyphae degenerate and dilate. Thus, the Ae. ventricosa no. 11 tissues seem to be the seat of a strong fungic toxic reaction.
Sensibilité des plantules de Triticinées àľagent Pathogène du Piétin‐Verse [Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoïdes (Fron) Deighton]
Authors: Khan A. R. , Bouriquet R. 
Published: May 2008

Abstract Sensitiveness of seedlings of Triticinae against the pathogenic agens of Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides (Fron) Deighton The study of the sensitiveness of 16 varieties or lines of Triticinae against two races of Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides shows that, whatever the strain used, the importance of the attacks is much less serious on seedlings of Ae. ventricosa no. 11, Ae. squarrosa no. 15, Ae. squarrosa no. 33 and Roazon, Roazon was the least sensitive among the Triticum. It is obvious that Ae. ventricosa is the most resistant one in all varieties or lines used.
A New Strain of Cucumber Mosaic Virus Causing Mosaic Disease of Muskmelon
Authors: Sharma O. P. , Khatri H. L. , Bansal R. D. , Komal H. S. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe virus causing mosaic of muskmelon in the Punjab is transmitted through seed, sap and aphids but not through beetle, whitefly, fungi or contact. It systemically infected Nicotiana tabacum (var. “White Burley” and CTRI‐Special), N. glutinosa, N. rustica and Capsicum annuum besides various cucurbit hosts when inoculated mechanically. The virus gave positive reaction with the antiserum of cucumber mosaic virus and the particles are spherical in shape. The virus has been identified as a distinct strain of cucumber mosaic virus and is designated as muskmelon strain of cucumber mosaic virus (CMV‐mst.).
Detection of Seed‐Transmitted Brome Mosaic Virus by ELISA, Radial Immunodiffusion and Immunoelectroblotting Tests
Authors: von Wechmar M. B. , Kaufmann A. , Desmarais F. , Rybicki E. P. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe extent of contamination of wheat seedlots by brome mosaic virus (BMV), and the possible transmission of the virus through seed, were investigated by radial immunodiffusion (RID), enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and enzyme‐assisted immunoelectroblotting (IEB) tests. BMV was purified from seed washings, and from plants grown from contaminated seed. All three serological tests proved of value in detecting contaminated seeds, while ELISA and IEB were especially useful in detecting virus in infected plants grown from such seed. Rhopalosiphum padi aphids were shown to increase the incidence of BMV infectLon in seedling batches containing a few seed‐infected plants. The implications of these findings for wheat breeding schemes are discussed.
The Abutilon Mosaic Virus (AbMV) in Different Leaf Tissues of Several Host Species of Malvaceae
Authors: Jeske H. , Schuchalter‐Eicke Gabriela 
Published: May 2008

AbstractCytological changes occurring after infection by Abutilon Mosaic Virus (AbMV) have been investigated in the host plants Abutilon sellovianum Rgl., Malva parviflora L., Malva silvestris L., and Sida micrantha Schr. Two types of virus‐like inclusions were found in different tissues: particles of 16–18 nm in diameter and elongated filaments with 6–8 nm in diameter. The particles are detectable in the nuclei (Abutilon sellovianum, Malva spec.) and cytoplasm (Malva spec.) of cells in the bundle area, and the filaments accumulate in the nuclei (Sida micrantha) and the plastids (Malva spec.) of leaf mesophyll cells.
Changes in Nucleic Acid Contents in Rice Plants Inoculated with Pyricularia oryzae
Authors: Padhi B. , Chakrabarti N. K. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractRNA contents were reduced in rice leaves after infection by Pyricularia oryzea, Decrease was greater with race IE‐2 than with IC‐22. No clear cut differences were found between healthy resistant and susceptible plants but differences between susceptible healthy after inoculation plants were significant. A significant increae in DNA contents was observed after inoculation with either race of P.oryzae.
Role of Seed in Survival and Transmission of Xanthomonas campestris pv. oryzae Causing Bacterial Blight of Rice
Authors: Thri Murty V.S. , Devadath S. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractSurvival period and possibility of seed transmission of X. campestris pv. oryzae were studied. The bacterium survived for longer (170–180 days) in kharif than rabi (120–130 days) harvested seed. The percentage of infected seeds was higher in kharif than rabi. The infected seed when sown failed to produce the symptoms on respective seedlings due to the low number of bacterial population. Present studies indicated that infected seed though may not produce symptoms on the seedlings directly but serve as a source of inoculum form season to season.
Increased Resistance to the Spread of Tobacco Mosaic Virus in Pinto Bean Leaves Caused by Sugar and Light
Authors: Wu J. H. , Dimitman J. E. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractUltraviolet light (UV) irradiation increased expansion of TMV lesions in detached Pinto bean primary leaves incubated in darkness. However, if after UV‐irradiation the leaves were incubated in the light, no increase in lesion expansion occurred. The light effect was considered not to be due to photorepair of UV damaged DNA, since non‐photorepairing treatments such as incubation in red light, or delayed exposure to white light after UV irradiation also prevented increase in lesion expansion. The effect of visible light in preventing TMV‐lesion enlargement was shown to be related to photosynthetic energy supply to the host cell defense mechanism since incubation of infected leaves in the presence of the photosynthesis inhibitor 3‐(3,4‐dichlorophenyl)‐l,l‐dimethyl urea (DCMU) in light caused large lesions whether leaves were irradiated by UV or not. Supplying 0.1 M sucrose in the dark also inhibited lesion enlargement in UV‐irradiated or nonirradiated leaves. Dinitrophenol (DNP) negated the sucrose effect in the dark. However, in light incubation, DNP did not induce large lesions indicating that DNP did not interfere with energy supply in the light.It is concluded that the Pinto bean leaf cells can use energy derived both from mitochondria and chloroplasts for building the resistance mechanism to virus spread. In this case, cellular resistance to virus spread seems to be correlated with callose deposition on the walls of noninfected cells adjacent to the necrotic cells. Energy supply in various forms will assist host cells in building the resistance mechanism as well as retarding senescence. Detachment, prolonged dark incubation, or exogenous supply of DNP led to accelerated senescence which in turn led to secondary enlargement of lesions. The cause of such secondary enlargement may be explained by starvation of cells and disappearance of callose.
Variability in Xanthomonads of Grain Legumes
Authors: Jindal J. K. , Patel P. N. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractPulse xanthomonads could not be differed on the basis of their bacteriological propertries. Colonies from cowpea, mungbean, guar, and bean showed differences in virulence related to the degree of mucoidness than to the rate of multiplication. Very weakly virulent mutants of the bean fuscous pathogen produced distinctive reaction in bean pods. White mutants were as virulent as their yellow forms.
Selection for Resistance to Leptosphaerulina Leaf Spot in Alfalfa
Authors: Michaud R. , Richard C. , Surprenant J. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractSignificant differences were observed among 11 alfalfa cultivars for the percentage of plants resitant to Leptospbaerulina briosiana after one inoculation. Screening for resistance was done by inoculating 18 day old plants (cv. Europe), held in a moist chamber, with L. briosiana. The self‐ and cross‐progenies of plants resistant to L. briosiana after two inoculations showed slightly higher resistance to Leptosphaerulina leaf spot than the unselected original population but the difference was significant for the cross‐progeny only. Larger variations were observed among self‐progenies than cross‐progenies. No correlation was found between self ‐ and cross‐progenies. At least three inoculations may be necessary to eliminate most susceptible plants.Mas selection was as effective as the polycross progeny test to improve the level of resistance of the selected populations as compared with the unselected one but the difference was agronomically unimportant.Under field conditions, the plants selected as resistant after two inoculations in the laboratory showed better resistance to L. briosiana than the susceptible ones but only on the first of three notations. The population derived from plants selected from cv. Europe as resistant to L. briosiana in the laboratory was not significantly more resitant than cv. Europe in the filed but generally showed less foliar infection.
Degradation of Raspberry Suberin by Fusarium solani f. sp. Pisi and Armillaria mellea
Authors: Zimmermann W. , Eeemüller E. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractWhen submers cultures of Fusarium solani f. sp. pisi and Armillaria mellea were grown in a medium supplemented with 0.5 % suberin isolated from raspberry periderm, hydrolytic enzymes were produced and measured by a spectrophotometric assay using p‐nitrophenyl butyrate as substrate. The enzymatic activity in the culture fluids reached its peak after 32 to 44 days of incubation. In a gas‐chromatographic assay of the enzymatic degradation of suberin, concentrated culture fluids of suberin‐grown fungi were incubated with raspberry suberin. The culture fluids of F. solani and A. mellea catalyzed the release of chloroform‐soluble products, which were analyzed by gas‐liquid chromatography. Suberin monomers like fatty alcohols and acids with chain‐lengths from C16 to C26 as well as C16 and C18ω‐hy‐droxyacids could be identified as products. The suberin‐induced enzymes showed catalytic properties similar to cutin‐hydrolyzing enzymes previously isolated from different fungi.
Decay and Chemical Changes in the Wood of Bambusa arundinacea Caused by Daedalea flavida
Authors: Samajpati N. 
Published: May 2008

Abstract Daedalea flavida Lév. causes considerable damage to bamboos. Bamboo tissues become soft, discoloured and fibrous. The pathogen causes considerable decay of internodes (about 22%) and rhizomes (about 38%). The pathogen attacks the cells of vascular bundles, bundle sheath sclerenchyma and phloem cells; it does not attack epidermis, hypodermis, and peripheral sclerenchyma tissues. Fungal hyphae grow longitudinal and transverse in host tissues. The parasite decomposes both cellulose and lignin.
Light and Fluorescent Microscopic Studies on Little Leaf Disease of Eucalypts
Authors: Ghosh S. K. , Ali M. I. Mohamed , Balasundaran M. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractHistopathological and cytopathological abberations detected by anatomy and staining reactions indicated the association of mycoplasma‐like organisms with the little leaf disease of eucalypt in Kerala.These light and fluorescent microscopic techniques, specially dienes’reaction, can be used routinely to distinguish between little leaf disease caused by mycoplasma‐like organisms and little leaf induced by some other factor.
Effect of Fungicides on the Viability of Phylophthora cactorum Propagules m the Soil
Authors: Rana K. S. , Gupta V. K. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractOut of eleven fungicides, Ridomil, Aliette (systemic) and Euparen M were most effective in inactivating the fungus mycelium in the soil within 2 day. They also completely inhibited the production of sporangia and oospores. These fungicides and Antracol also reduced the viability (50–100%) of sporangia in the soil. They also reduced the viability of oospores along with Mancozeb, Zineb liquid Ziram. Euparen M, Antracol, Mancozeb, Zineb and liquid Ziram completely killed Zoospores; Ridomil, Previcur and Aliette were also effective. These fungicides can thus reduce the incoculum potential of the pathogen in the soil and reduce the chances of new infections.
Comparison of Methods for Characterizing and Distinguishing Isolates of Prune Dwarf Virus
Authors: Kunze L. , Clark M. F. , Flegg Caroline L. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractA virus isolated from sour cherry trees with reduced growth in an orchard near Frankfurt/Main was shown by symptomatology, serology and various other tests to be strain of prune dwarf virus (PDV). A comparison of two isolates of this virus with three other PDV isolates already described by other authors indicated that groupings of the viruses made on the basis of symptomatology or component ratios determined by density gradient centrifugation were inconsistent and not reliable. However, electrophoresis in a sugar gradient or immuno‐electrophoresis appeared to offer a satisfactory means of characterizing the viruses and of assigning the isolates to one of three biologically different groups of the virus.
Xylem Fluids of White Lupin (Lupinus albus) Cultivars Susceptible and Resistant to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Lupini Race 3
Authors: Salleh B. , Owen H. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractXylem fluids from white lupin cv. Neuland, susceptible to wilt causes by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lupini, promoted germination of conidia and chlamydospores of he pathogen, and the production of micro‐conidia, to a greater extent than did xylem fluids from the resistant cv. Primorskij No sugars, organic acids or phenolic compounds were detected in the xylem fluids, but a number of amino acids were found, and the concentration of some differed in xylem fluids from the two cultivars; on the whole, concentrations were greater in the susceptible cv. Neuland. Synthetic amino acids were supplied to the fungus in vitro and both stimulatory and inhibitory effects (according to the compound and its concentration) were noted upon the germination of conidia and chlamydospores and on mycelial growth and the production of conidia. The role of amino acids and other compounds in the susceptibility of white lupin to wilt is discussed.