bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The intranasal ethmoidectomy procedure: Historical, technical and clinical considerations.
Authors: Eichel Berkley S. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe intranasal ethmoidectomy procedure is in questionable repute at this time. The reasoning behind its waning popularity is historical and primarily due to the poor results obtained in the pre‐antibiotic era. Two schools of thought regarding the procedure were present in this earlier era: one dedicated to the preservation of the middle turbinate and the other concerned with its entire removal. 5,6,7 Shortly before the emergence of antibiotics, a third school developed, led by some of the leaders of the more destructive procedure, showing preference for an external approach. 10 Descendants of the more conservative school, namely those dedicated to the preservation of the middle turbinate, are the only ones still actively and enthusiastically endorsing the intranasal method. 1,2An intranasal approach is described which attempts to leave intact the medial wall of the middle turbinate. It is this structure that is felt to be the crucial landmark necessary to perform a safe and effective procedure. Several steps that are felt to be essential to this technique are outlined in detail. Avoiding the sphenoid sinus, especially in reference to opening up the ostium of the sphenoid sinus, is advocated. It is felt that the normal nasal anatomy can be restored by the proper application of this technique. The need for more effective and intensive measures, corticosteroids, antibiotics, and antihistamine‐decongestant medication, is stressed, especially in the postoperative state. It is recognized that it is impossible to treat an underlying allergy with a knife or forceps.The indications for utilization of this procedure are many and are listed. When a space expanding lesion, such as a neoplasm, mucocele, mucopyocele, or osteoma is encountered, then a primary external approach is advocated; likewise, when an isolated sphenoid sinus problem is suspected, then external, a transantral, or a transseptal approach is preferred. In the remaining problems, especially in the more difficult ones, involving the paranasal sinuses, either in the acute or chronic state, with or without complications, the intranasal ethmoidectomy technique is felt to be the key procedure in the initial approach to these problems. If this method of approach appears to be ineffective, then one can resort to the more elaborate external techniques that are commonly being performed.Five cases are reported in detail, illustrating some of the areas where this procedure is effective. The most common utilization is for the alleviation of obstructive nasal polyposis, with or without concommitant sinusitis. Radiographic improvement in many of these cases may prove to be an objective perimeter to gauge the type of surgery. This procedure also supplies an important link in the development of a more standardized or uniform approach to the more difficult problems involving the paranasal sinuses.
Traumatic perforations of the tympanic membrane: Observe or repair?
Authors: Armstrong B. W. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractTraumatic perforations of the tympanic membrane deserve the same careful attention as any other injury, and healing should not invariably be left to chance. Sometimes early repair is clearly indicated. A foreign object rupturing the posterosuperior quadrant may cause obscure damage to the ossicular chain, a perilymphatic leak, or leave an unsuspected foreign body in the middle ear. All very large traumatic perforations and all perforations in the posterosuperior quadrant should be repaired promptly to reduce the incidence of permanent impairment. Small perforations in less vulnerable quadrants can be treated in the traditional expectant manner. Steroid‐containing ear drops inhibit healing and are contraindicated in the‐treatment of traumatic perforations.
Symposium on trauma in otolaryngology. I. Injuries to the facial nerve.
Authors: McCabe Brian F. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractFacial nerve injuries are important to recognize in terms of etiology and degree of loss of facial function. The first examiner after the injury has an important function to serve because his observations may be crucial to definitive management. The mode of injury gives insight into management. A knowledge of the physiology of nerve repair is helpful in determining the optimum time of neurorrhaphy. There are nuances in operative technique which are helpful in gaining maximum return of facial nerve function when repair is necessary.
Early mastication in fractures of the body and angle of the mandible
Authors: Spector Gershon J. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThirty‐two patients with fractures of the body and/or angle of the mandible were divided randomly into an experimental group (17 patients) and control group (15 patients). Open and closed reductions were performed as indicated. Mastication was initiated in the control group at six to eight weeks and in the experimental group two to three weeks after surgery. Postoperatively the patients were followed four to 18 months. There was no objective difference noted in the end results of the two groups studied.
The altered metabolism of the full thickness skin graft
Authors: Wullstein H. L. , Wullstein S. R. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractDifferent kinds of experiments in vitro and in animals and out of a large number of biopsies taken from patients with free skin graft after shorter or longer, even some years of interval provedWater and electrolytes metabolism in free skin grafts isthe prime condition for its undisturbed taking. This beginning was demonstrated already 15 minutes after transplantation, full scale is' reached before one hours time.Early disturbances during this time and during the restart of further functions of the metabolism in the first 24 and 48 hours period which are not severe enough for the loss of the graft are the cause for late disturbances lasting many years of more or less severe kind. They may be of atrophic or hypertrophic nature. Their histologic nature is demonstrated.
The superior laryngeal nerve and the interarytenoid muscle in humans: An anatomical study
Authors: Rueger Ramiund S. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe course and distribution of the rami perforantes of the superior laryngeal nerve was studied in 12 human larynges. Dissections utilized a Zeiss operating microscope. All branches were found to perforate the muscle; none terminated in the muscle. This eliminates anatomically any possibility of motor supply to the mterarytenoid muscle from the superior laryngeal nerve. The rami perforantes also contribute to mucosal innervation on the posterior surface of the larynx.Histologic studies of whole fetal larynges corroborated the findings from the dissections.No evidence of innervation across the midline was found. No extra‐laryngeal division of the recurrent laryngeal nerve into abductor and adductor branches was found. A ganglion around the superior laryngeal nerve was described.
Sialoangiography: X‐Ray visualization of major salivary glaoonds
Authors: White Irving L. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractSialoangiography is demonstrated to be useful in the diagnosis and evaluation of inflammatory processes, and tumors of the major salivary glands and their areas. Parenchymal changes as well as space occupying lesions within the glands, and tumors exerting pressure from outside the gland are shown to manifest their specific changes by their effect upon the ducts, with pathognomonic alterations and distortion of the ducts or normal architecture of the ductal system.Intrinsic duct changes are all due to ductal obstruction and a wide variety of causes is shown.The normal findings, including minor anatomical variations is contrasted with abnormal sialoangiographic findings. These abnormalities are evidenced by changes in the duct morphology and the course of the ducts altered by the presence of intrinsic, extrinsic, or deep lobed tumors.The technique of sialoangiography is discussed. The author's method is outlined, including specific views and special methodology.
Quantitative cytochemistry of the organ of corti, dissection, weight determination and analysis of single outer hair cells
Authors: Thalmann R. , Thalmann I. , Comegys T. H. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractA method is described for the dissection of single outer hair cells in the freeze‐dried state. The average dry weight of outer hair cells from the third and fourth cochlear turn in the guinea pig is of the order of one nanogram, with variations depending upon the precise location. The measured dry weight is in line with the wet weight estimated from the volume of living outer hair cells maintained under iso‐osmotic conditions. The lipid fraction of outer hair cells amounts to about 21 percent of the dry weight. Average ATP levels in outer hair cells of the upper two turns range between 12–15 mmoles/kg dry weight, with no significant difference between rows or turns.
An animal model for presbycusis
Authors: Crowley David E. , Schramm Victor L. , Swain Ronnie E. , Maisel Robert H. , Rauchbach Erol , Swanson Sylvia N. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractCochlear microphonics (CM) and masked and unmasked VIIIth nerve action potentials (AP) were measured in rats at ages of one, six, 12, 18 and 24 months in order to explore an animal model for presbycusis. These rats were raised in quiet surroundings and were given no antibiotics. Mean CM 1 microvolt sensitivity levels showed a 7 db augmentation from one month to one year followed by a 13 db decline from one to two years of age. Similarly, unmasked AP amplitudes increased from one to 12 months, then declined through 18 to 24 months. Masked AP amplitudes demonstrated a similar growth and decline with age, showing the greatest losses in those AP components originating from the high frequency regions of the basilar membrane.
Diversity of mucus staining characteristics of human salivary glands
Authors: Yarington C. T. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThis report describes the development of the science of histochemistry as it relates to the salivary glands. Using standard histochemical techniques, seven salivary glands were studied in detail, demonstrating the variety of secretory products produced by these glands and the multi‐potential shared by both the secreting cells and the ductal epithelium.
Nerve excitability test in facial palsy: Limitations in its use, based on a study of 130 cases
Authors: May Mark 
Published: September 2006

AbstractBased upon a study of 130 cases of facial paralysis, the nerve excitability test was found to have limitations.Test results are based upon observing muscle response to an electrical stimulus. This observation is dependent upon a cooperative patient who' does not flinch or pull away, and it is difficult to interpret in a crying child. The test instrument is subject to mechanical failure and must be administered in a standardized fashion. False‐negative responses have been observed but overcome by modifying the method of performing the test and employing the salivary flow test. Nerve excitability is of limited value in cases evaluated within three days after onset because of the delay‐between nerve injury and alteration of the test; also, it is useless in prognosticating once electrical excitability is lost, since it may not return even after noticeable facial muscle function is noted. The test has limited application in cases of bilateral and recurrent facial palsy. Attention is directed to these limitations, and suggestions are made to overcome them.
The mature nose
Authors: Parkes Morey L. , Kamer Frank M. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe concept of rhinoplasty of the mature nose is presented. As an isolated procedure or in conjunction with other facial plastic procedures, shortening the length of a drooping nose can give the effect of a more youthful appearance. The anatomy and physiology of the nose as it ages is discussed and if understood by the surgeon, these patients need no longer be rejected because of their age. Technical consideration are important, and the use of the modified rim incision, high septal transfixion and lobule rotation is suggested. An analysis of 30 cases over a noe year period is documented to support this thesis.
Gene dosage effect in expression of blood group antigens
Authors: Chen Li‐Tsun , Davidenas Joseph A. , Ruth Roal F. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractChicken blood cells were investigated with respect to the distribution of A blood group antigens on the cell membrane surface via the fluorescent antibody technique. A direct gene‐blood group antigen relationship was found. Erythrocytes from chickens homoqygous for A6 antigen fluoresced more intensely than those from birds heterozygous for the antigen. The respective intensities, approximating a 2:1 ration, idicate a direct gene dosage effect in the expression of at least these antigens. This novel finding disccussed with respect to the possible molecular constitution of and blodd group antigens in other species (e.g., human). This finding has important iplications leading to the understanting of the nature of blood group antigens and the specific role they play in reconstructive surgery.
Comprehensive care of bilateral maxillary fractures
Authors: Stone John W. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractFacial injuries are an increasingly frequent clinical problem. The opportunity for a successful with present methods is excellent; thus, the gaauntlet to the facial surgeon.Accurate detailed injury analysis and records are essential for satisfactory results.Step wise surgical procedures working anatomically from within outward in an organized adequately equipped surgical setting have been stressed.Meticulous postoperative care combined with appropriate consultation eases the surgeon's burden and reduces untoward sequelae.Complications were minimal in this series. Dental injuries were frequent and required long term rehabilitation.Improvement is required in the care of comminuted nasal‐ethmoid‐orbit fractures. Transnasal wiring passed through the nasal structures and external padded splints helps but is not foolproof.Severe ocular injuries were disturbingly common. Our capabilities for visual restoration have severe limitations.This review of facial injury care is but the prologue before the future conquest of scar maturation processes, the development of adhesives for bone fragment reduction fixation, and the ready replacement of flesh, bone, and special sense organs. We are continuing to build on timeless laws of careful analysis, accurate reduction, and solid fixation utilizing stable structures.
Tracheal agenesis with broncho‐esophageal fistula
Authors: Hong Soo Wung , Baran Gerry M. , Schnaufer Louise , Stool Sylvan E. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractIntubation of the esophagus during efforts to resuscitate a newborn may result is disaster; (FN1) however, in one disease this may be the only method of providing an airway. This communication reports our experience with a newborn infant who had an unusual tracheal abnormality, and emphasizes the findings which aid in the diagnosis.
Surface tension lowering susbtance of the eustachian tube in non‐suppurative otitis media: An experiment with dogs
Authors: Birken Eric A. , Brookler Kenneth H. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractA surface tension lowering substance (STLS) lining the Eustachian tube was recently identified. STLS was Postulated to prevent the adherence of the tubal surface and allow for the facile opening by the tubal musculature.In Order to determie the role of STLS, non‐suppurative otitis media was produced in dogs by injecting polytetrafluoethylene paste immediately posterior to the torus tubarius. The presence of STLS was ascertained and found not to be diminished by experimentally produced non‐suppurative otitis media; however, in one case, purulent otitis media was produced, and STLS was absent. This situtation was analogous to teh fate of STLS of the lung (surfactant) during pneumonia.The possible causes for these observed results were postulated. The role of STLS in Eustachian tubal function was delineated.
Capillary constriction in cochlear and vestibular tissues during intense noise stimulation
Authors: Lipscomb David M. , Roettger Ruby L. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractCapillary constriction in vestibular and cochlear tissue of rats was noted in response to stimulation with high level sound. Reduction of internal capillary diameter appeared to be caused by the thickening of capillary walls by the accumulation of nuclear masses. This constriction of blood flow is considered to be one factor in noise trauma reactions.
Chronic Secretory Otitis Media: Etiologic factors and pathologic mechanisms
Authors: Lamp Clyde B. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractNegative pressure in the nasopharynx generated by sniffling, sucking or swallowing during nasal obstruction is an etiological factor for chronic secretory otitis media. Thick effusion which is the result of tubal disease is also a contributing factor for the persistence or recurrence of secretory otitis. The flutter valve is really two one‐way valves opposing each other in the Eustachian tube activated by redundant mucosa and an aggregate of mucoid secretion. Successful management of chronic secretory otitis media should not only include those popular measures previously described, but als the elimination of self‐applied negative pressure and the complete removal of thick effusion from the middle ear and entire Eustachiam tube.
Symposium on tympanoplasty.: I. Results of modified type v tympanoplasty
Authors: Gacek Richard R. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractModified Type V tympanoplasty has been used in this series to improve hearing in unsuccessful Type IV tympanoplasties and also to preserve cochlear function and possibly to improve hearing in cases where the oval window has been inadvertently opened during chronic ear surgery. Modified Type V tympanoplasty refers to removal of the stapes footplate with replacement by adipose tissue in the oval window. A tympanoplasty graft is then placed over the tissue graft and hearing achieved by round window protection with an air‐containing hypotympanum. The concept of modified Type V. tympanoplasty has been described by Del Villar,1 Paparella,2,3 Sato,5 and Proctor4 previously. Results from these previous authors have been somewhat variable, and this series is presented in an attempt to evaluate this procedure more clearly. Modified Type V tympanoplasty was, therefore, performed on 20 ears, 14 of these on ears that had previous Type IV tympanoplasty with unsuccessful hearing levels. The remaining six ears received the Type V tympanoplasty at the initial surgery, usually because of inadvertent fracture or avulsion of the stapes footplate. Thirteen ears achieved a significant improvement in hearing with an average gain in air conduction of about 19 decibels for the speech frequencies. The average improvement in the conductive component of the hearing loss was 22.4 db, while no loss of bone conduction or discrimination followed. Five cases obtained no change in hearing and retained bone conduction and discrimination scores so that amplification was still possible. Two instances of sensori‐neural loss were incurred: one a total loss of auditory function in a previously dry ear, while a partial loss of function with still useful discrimination score was present in the second case, one that had been wet at the time of surgery.The results indicate that the modified Type V tympanoplasty is a useful procedure to improve hearing in unsuccessful Type IV tympanoplasties, where the probable reason for the poor hearing result is stapes fixation with fibrous tissue, tympanosclerosis, or otosclerosis. Modified Type V tympanoplasty may also be used to preserve cochlear function at mastoid surgery where the stapes footplate has been inadvertently fractured or avulsed. In addition, hearing improvement may also be obtained in these instances where modified Type V is performed emergently during mastoid surgery.
Causes of elevated perilymph protein concentrations
Authors: Silverstein Herbert , Naufal Pierre , Belal Azziz 
Published: September 2006

AbstractFifty‐seven of 800 human temporal bones were found to have eosinophilic perilymph precipitates. The most common etiological factor was blockage of the internal auditory canal (20 cases). Acute bacterial labyrinthitis (nine cases) and subarachnoid hemorrhage (five cases) were also associated with perilymph precipitates. Small amounts of precipitate were also observed in 20 of 110 temporal bones without evidence of ear pathology. Experimental introduction of serum proteins into the cat's perilymphatic space confirms that eosinophilic perilymph precipitates may represent increased quantities of protein in the perilymphatic spaces; however, no correlation could be made between the quantity of precipitate observed and the concentration of the protein in the perilymph. The finding of increased perilymph protein above 1,000 mg/100 ml during a diagnostic inner ear tap (labyrinthotomy) is good evidence for the presence of an acoustic neurinoma. An associated peripheral VIIth never paralysis should alert the clinician to the possibility of a metastatic carcinoma of the internal auditory canal.
Radiopertechnetate flow study: A valuable adjunct to brain scanning in the differential diagnosis of cerebello‐pontine angle tumors
Authors: Lamoureux Jacques , Bertrand Robert A. , Vezina Jean L. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractTwenty‐seven surgically proven acoustic neuromas were studied pre‐operatively with conventional brain scanning. Nine lesions were not diagnosed. Lesions less than 2.0 cm in diameter were not visualized (five patients). Lesions larger than 3.0 cm were all detected (15 patients). Lesions ranging in size from 2.0 to 3.0 cm were detected half of the time (six patients, seven lesions).Fourteen radiopertechnetate flow studies were performed in our last 10 patients with acoustic neuromas. All were negative. A case of meningioma in the cerebello‐pontine angle and a case of arteriovenous malformation in the posterior fossa were visualized on conventional scan. The flow studies were positive and demonstrated patterns suggestive of the nature of the lesions. Flow study appears a valuable adjunct to brain scanning in the differential diagnosis of cerebello‐pontine angle tumors.
Ataxia secondary to labyrinthine fistula
Authors: Healy Gerald B. , Strong M. Stuart , Feldman Robert G. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractIn patients presenting with severe gait disturbance, the otolaryngologist is not likely to consider labyrinthine disease as a possible cause.During the past few years there have been several reports of sudden deafness secondary to mechanical rupture of the inner ear windows. The clinical picture has usually been one of sudden deafness with tinnitus and vertigo. Mild ataxia was noted in three out of 18 reported cases.A case is presented of a 59‐year‐old female with a two month history of severe ataxia. Seven years previously she had had head trauma without fracture. Examination revealed marked ataxia, positive Rhomberg, positional vertigo and nystagmus and a 45 db mixed hearing loss. Tympanotomy revealed subluxation of the stapes with a fistula at the antero‐inferior margin of the footplate. Stapedectomy and soft tissue closure of the oval window were carried out. Postoperatively, the patient had no further ataxia or vertigo, and her hearing remained unchanged for 18 months.Three of the 18 reported cases also had given a history of head trauma with or without skull fracture, and two patients had had positional vertigo.The explanation of the positional vertigo in a case of labyrinthine fistula is not evident; perhaps gravity in the affected ear down position facilitates a flow of perilymph through the fistula with resulting distortion and stimulation of the cristae.Conclusion. In the future, peripheral labyrinthine disease such as a fistula should be suspected in cases which present with ataxia and episodic vertigo of obscure etiology. A tympanotomy may be necessary to establish the diagnosis and to allow correction of the pathology.