bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ca2+‐dependent ATPase associated with plasma membrane from a calcareous alga, Serraticardia maxima (Corallinaceae, Rhodophyta)
Authors: Mori Izumi C. , Sato Gorou , Okazaki Megumi 
Published: February 2006

SUMMARYThe plasma membrane was isolated from a calcareous red alga, Serraticardia maxima (Yendo) Silva (Corallinaceae), by aqueous two‐phase partitioning. Its purity was examined with marker enzymes, Mg2+‐dependent ATPase, inosine diphosphatase, cytochrome c oxidase and NADH‐cytochrome c reductase, as well as the sensitivity of Mg2+‐dependent ATPase to vanadate, azide and nitrate. The results showed that the isolated plasma membrane was purified enough to study its functions. Electron microscopic observations on thin tissue sections revealed that most vesicles of the isolated plasma membrane were stained by the plasma membrane specific stain, phosphotungstic acid‐chromic acid. Mg2+‐ or Ca2+‐dependent ATPases were associated with the plasma membrane. Ca2+‐dependent ATPase was activated at physiological cytoplasmic concentrations of Ca2+ (0.1–10 μmol/L). However, calmodulin (0.5 μmol/L) did not affect its activity. The pH optimum was 8.0, in contrast to 7.0 for Mg2+‐dependent ATPase. The isolated plasma membrane vesicles were mostly right side‐out. To test for H+‐translocation, right side‐out vesicles were inverted; 27% of vesicles were inside‐out after treatment with Triton X‐100. The inside‐out plasma membrane vesicles showed reduction of quinacrine fluorescence in the presence of 1 mmol/L ATP and 100 μmol/L Ca2+. The reduced fluorescence was recovered with the addition of 10 mmol/L NH4Cl, or 5 μmol/L nigericin plus 50 mmol/L KCl. UTP and CTP substituted for ATP, but ADP did not. Ca2+‐dependent ATPase might pump H+ out in the physiological state. The acidification by this pump might be coupled with alkalinization at the calcifying sites, which induces calcification.
Taxonomic notes on the Halymeniaceae (Gigartinales, Rhodophyta) from Japan. III. Synonymization of Pachymeniopsis Yamada in Kawabata with Grateloupia C. Agardh*
Authors: Kawaguchi Shigeo 
Published: February 2006

SUMMARYThe taxonomic status of the red algal genus Pachymeniopsis (Halymeniaceae) was evaluated based on a morphological study of the type species Pachymeniopsis lanceolata (Okamura) Yamada in Kawabata (=Aeodes lanceolata Okamura). Features used to separate Pachymeniopsis from allied genera such as Aeodes or Grateloupia were found to be inconsistently expressed within even single populations, and P. lanceolata is considered to be best placed in Grateloupia. The two remaining species, P. yendoi and P. elliptica, are judged to be conspecific, with P. elliptica also best placed in Grateloupia. The genus Pachymeniopsis is, therefore, considered synonymous with Grateloupia. The transfer of P. lanceolata to Grateloupia is proposed as Grateloupia lanceolata (Okamura) Kawaguchi, comb. nov. The reinstatement of Grateloupia elliptica Holmes, which includes Pachymeniopsis yendoi as a synonym, is also proposed.
New members of a group of DNA viruses infecting brown algae
Authors: Kapp Markus , Knippers Rolf , Müller Dieter G. 
Published: February 2006

SUMMARYSince 1990 virus infections have been described in six brown algal species of the genera Ectocarpus, Feldmannia, Hincksia and Myriotrichia. These pathogens can be experimentally transmitted to healthy isolates of their hosts. A synopsis including new molecular and biochemical data shows that these viruses share common characteristics: genomes of double‐stranded DNA, infection mode, morphology, extended temperence, and narrow host‐specificity. These properties distinguish the brown algal viruses from all other known plant viruses.
Callus induction and thallus regeneration in some species of red algae
Authors: Huang Wei , Fujita Yuji 
Published: February 2006

SUMMARYCallus induction was obtained from axenic explants of 14 species of red algae. ASP12NTA solid medium (1.5% agar) supplemented with indole‐3‐acetic acid (IAA) and 6‐benzylaminopurine (BAP) was used for callus induction. In most of the species, addition of IAA or BAP at 0.1 mg/L or 1.0 mg/L enhanced callus induction rate or callus size. The combination of IAA (0.1 mg/L) and BAP (0.1 mg/L) was more effective among eight species, while high concentrations of IAA (10 mg/L) showed an inhibitory effect. Great variation in callus form, source tissue, and color of the induced callus were observed. The callus mainly originated from medullary and cortical tissue of the explant. Callus with filamentous, oval and spherical cell chains or disorganized cell mass was observed. The excised calluses from the explants of six species showed sustained growth on subculture. On transfer of the subdivided callus mass of seven species to PES liquid medium, shoot formation and thallus regeneration were observed.
Erythroglossum latum sp. nov. (Delesseriaceae, Rhodophyta) from the east coast of Honshu, Japan
Authors: Yoshida Tadao , Mikami Hideo 
Published: February 2006

SUMMARYA new species, Erythroglossum latum, is described based on specimens from Fukushima Prefecture along the east coast of Honshu, Japan. This species differs from Erythroglossum pinnatum Okamura in having a broader main blade, a clear midrib and lateral branches that are smaller in size and not clearly constricted at the base.
Japanese marine algae: New combinations, new names and new species
Authors: Yoshida Tadao 
Published: February 2006

SUMMARYSeveral new species, combinations and names are described or proposed for the following species of algae reported from Japan: Gloiocladia japonica comb. nov. (=Gloioderma japonicum Okamura), Mazzaella hemisphaerica comb. nov. (=Rhodoglos‐sum hemisphaericum Mikami), Melanamansia mitsuii comb. nov. (=Amansia mitsuii Segawa), Ptilo‐cladia divaricata comb. nov. (=Crouania divaricata Okamura), Analipus gunjii comb. nov. (=Chordaria gunjii Yendo), Elachista okarnurae nom. nov. (=Elachista globosa Takamatsu), Gelidium inagakii nom. nov. (=Gelidium nanum Inagaki), Mastocarpus yendoisp. nov. (=Gigartina mamillosa sensu Yendo), Melobesia masakii nom. nov. (=Metobesia pacifica Masaki) and Porphyra yamadae sp. nov. (=Porphyra crispata sensu Okamura and Ueda).
Mannitol metabolism of the epiphytic mangrove red alga Caloglossa leprieurii (Ceramiales): A long‐term field study
Authors: Karsten Ulf , Barrow Kevin D. , King Robert J. 
Published: February 2006

SUMMARYThe concentrations of mannitol and floridean starch were determined in a 1–year field study of the epiphytic red alga Caloglossa leprieurii (Montagne) J. Agardh from warm temperate waters of eastern Australia. Seasonal environmental data for air and water temperature, day length and rainfall were recorded. The mannitol content and the floridean starch content varied significantly between collections but no seasonal responses were observed, nor were the contents correlated with any of the abiotic factors. A possible function of the starch pool as a supply for respiratory substrates under emergent conditions is discussed. All data indicate that productivity and biomass of C. leprieurii are affected by short‐term abiotic and/or biotic conditions rather than controlled directly by seasonally fluctuating environmental factors. In addition, the activity of three highly specific enzymes (mannitol‐1–phosphate dehydroge‐nase, mannitol‐1–phosphatase, mannitol‐dehydroge‐nase) and one non‐specific enzyme (hexokinase), all of which are involved in the mannitol cycle, were measured in cell‐free extracts every 2 weeks. All enzymes showed marked changes in activity over the year, but again no clear patterns emerged, neither with season nor in relationship to one another. On the basis of the results here, C. leprieurii is considered to be a 'season responded rather than a ‘season anticipator’.
Multiple pathways of excitation energy flow in the photosynthetic pigment system of a cryptophyte, Cryptomonas sp. (CR‐1)*
Authors: Mimuro Mamoru , Tamai Naoto , Murakami Akio , Watanabe Masakatsu , Erata Mayumi , Watanabe Makoto M. , Tokutomi Mitsue , Yamazaki Iwao 
Published: February 2006

SUMMARYEnergy transfer pathways in a cryptophyte, Cryptomonas sp. (CR‐1 strain) were investigated mainly by the steady state fluorescence spectroscopy and the time‐resolved spectrum. Cryptomonas sp. (CR‐1) contains chlorophyll (Chi) a, Chi c2, carotenoids and cryptomonad phycoer‐ythrin (Cr‐PE565), the last of which is known to be located in the lumenal side of the thyiakoid membranes. The spectral heterogeneity cf pigments was resolved by fluorescence spectra; there were at least five emission bands of Chi a at ‐196°C. Chlorophyll C2 and carotenoids transferred independently to the common Chi a form (Chi a663), and Cr‐PE565, to the different form (Chi a682). Chlorophyll c2 was not an intermediary component of energy transfer from carotenoid to Ch a; this is a common phenomenon to green algae and brown algae. The Chi a663 and Chi a682 are postulated to be located in the light‐harvesting chlorophyll protein (LHC) II; thus, the energy is accumulated on Chi a682‘n LHC II. The energy transfer step in Cr‐PE;565, was short, which was shown by a small, time‐dependent red‐shift of the emission. In the photosystem (PS) II core, two fluorescence components were resolved at 688 and 696 nm. The former was the trap at cryogenic temperatures. A large red‐shift induced by the low temperature was explained by an equilibrium between Chi a682 in LHC II and Chi a688 in PS II core. The presence of Chi a682 emission at physiological temperature is a unique feature of this alga. This was also reported in dinophyceae, which contain peridinin‐ChI a‐protein in the lumenal side of the thyiakoid membrane. Thus, this modification might be common in systems where the antenna complexes bind to the LHC II on the lumenal side. Based on the spectral data, we proposed a model for the molecular organization of PS II and the energy transfer pathways in cryptophyceae.
Chrysocapsopsis rupicola: A new genus and species in the Chrysophyceae
Authors: Thompson Rufus H. , Wujek Daniel E. 
Published: February 2006

SUMMARY Chrysocapsopsis rupicola gen. et sp. nov. (Chrysophyceae) is described. It differs from Chrysocapsa and the closely related genera Chrysocapselia and Tetrachrysis by possessing both epiphytic and planktonic forms within the same life‐history. Reproduction is by budding which produces short irregular branches within a gelatinous mass. Four or more aplanospores are produced from each mother cell; no motile cells were observed.
Microhabitat and morphometric variation of two Chaetophoracean (Chaetophorales, Chlorophyta) species in tropical streams of southeastern Brazil
Authors: Branco Ciro Cesar Zanini , Necchi Orlando 
Published: February 2006

SUMMARYTwo populations of Chaetophora elegans (Roth) C. Agardh and two of Stigeoclonium helveticum Vischer were investigated for microhabitat characteristics and morphological variation in streams of São Paulo State, southeastern Brazil. Different patterns of microhabitat distribution were found between species investigated. Populations of C, elegans were distributed under relatively narrow microhabitat conditions (high irradiance, low depth, moderate to high current velocity, rocky substrata and lower values of niche width) and showing little morphometric variation (colony diameter, main axis cell size, and apical branch number), Stigeoclonium helveticum occurred under more diverse microhabitat conditions, revealed by lack of significant difference between sampling units with and without the alga and wider niche width, but also exhibited relatively narrow morphometric variation (plant length, main axis cell and ateral branch cell sizes). The narrow microhabitat conditions and smaller niche width of C. elegans can explain its low abundance (percentage cover) in streams from the area studied as well as in other regions of São Paulo State, In contrast, the wider variation of microhabitat conditions and the higher niche widths of S. helveticum suggest that this green alga is able to grow in a high number of stream ecosystems in the region investigated, ranging from undisturbed to highly disturbed habitats. Thus. the results suggest that S. helveticum is a generalist species.
Granulocyte functions and changes in ability with age in newborns; Report no. 1: Flow cytometric analysis of granulocyte functions in whole blood
Authors: MORIGUCHI NAOHIKO , YAMAMOTO SEIICHIROU , ISOKAWA SADAYUKI , ANDOU ATUSHI , MIYATA HIROSHI 
Published: February 2006

AbstractBackground: Serious bacterial infections occur with higher frequency in the first weeks of life than in other age groups and this may be, in part, related to functional impairment of neonatal granulocytes. The purpose of the present study was to estimate the characteristics of granulocyte function during the neonatal period.Methods: The expression of adhesive molecules on the surface of granulocytes present in umbilical cord blood and peripheral blood obtained at 5 days and 1 month after birth, H2O2 production and protease activity in granulocytes were studied by comparison with adult blood.Results: Although there were no significant differences observed with respect to the expression of CD11b on the surface of granulocytes between each age group and adults, l‐selectin was significantly lower in cord blood as compared with adult blood. Production of H2O2 by granulocytes was significantly lower for cord blood than peripheral blood from 1 month old infants or that from adults in the presence of either phorbol myristate acetate or N‐formyl‐methionyl‐leucyl‐phenylalanine stimulation. The intracellular activity of elastase and collagenase within granulocytes exhibited a higher tendency for cord blood as compared with adult blood.Conclusions: Decreased functions of part of the phagocyte system during early infancy were clearly observed.
Polyethylene skin wrapping accelerates recovery from hypothermia in very low‐birthweight infants
Authors: DUMAN NURAY , UTKUTAN SELVINAZ , KUMRAL ABDULLAH , KÖROG˘LU TOLGA F. , ÖZKAN HASAN 
Published: February 2006

AbstractBackground: Thermal management of the very low‐birthweight (VLBW) infant is a cornerstone of neonatology because thermal stress is an important determinant of survival. This prospective study was designed to determine the effects of polyethylene occlusive skin wrapping on heat loss in VLBW infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) promptly after birth.Methods: Thirty consecutively inborn infants weighing <1500 g were allocated to a wrap or non‐wrap group within an incubator after admission to the NICU. Axillary and incubator temperatures were taken on arrival at 1 and 2 h.Results: Infants in the wrap group reached a normal axillary temperature faster then non‐wrap infants and required lower incubator temperatures.Conclusions: Polyethylene film wrapping effectively helps to correct hypothermia in VLBW infants admitted to the NICU.
Survey of parents, nurses, and school principals on their perceptions of the controversial role of schools in health promotion
Authors: GROSS SAMUEL , AVNER COHEN HERMAN , KAHAN ERNESTO 
Published: February 2006

AbstractBackground: The aim of this paper was to study the perceptions of parents, nurses, and school principals of the role of the health services in elementary schools.Methods: A questionnaire was distributed to the heads of parents’ committees, school nurses, and school principals of 35 randomly selected elementary public schools in Israel. Respondents were asked to qualify the degree of importance of the traditional and contemporary roles of the school health‐care team.Results: Response rates were 80.0% for parents, 100% for nurses, and 97.1% for principals. All respondents agreed that both the traditional and new roles are very important. Nurses rated three interconnected roles significantly lower than parents and school principals: ‘Evaluation of students with behavioral problems’, ‘Evaluation of students with low academic performance’, and ‘Follow up and care of students with behavioral problems and low performance’.Conclusions: Nurses, parents and school principals in Israel agree that the traditional roles of health teams in elementary schools, that is, providing first aid and ensuring school hygiene, are very important. Most are ready to accept a move from an illness‐based to a social‐based model, with less time spent on screening and surveillance and more on identifying and managing special needs of children and staff.
Panniculitis in childhood and adolescence
Authors: MORAES ANA JP , SOARES POLLYANA MF , ZAPATA AURA L , LOTITO ANA PN , SALLUM ADRIANA ME , SILVA CLOVIS AA 
Published: February 2006

AbstractBackground: The purpose of the present paper was to describe the clinical manifestations and treatment of patients with panniculitis.Methods: From January 1983 to December 2002, 4294 patients were treated for pediatric rheumatological diseases at Pediatric Rheumatology Unit, University of São Paulo, Brazil. Of these, 35 children and adolescents (0.8%) presented with panniculitis: erythema nodosum (EN) or Weber–Christian disease (WCD). Clinical characteristics, laboratory exams, biopsy of the lesion, treatment and clinical course were studied.Results: Of the 35 patients, 29 presented with EN and six with WCD, one of these with cytophagic histiocytic panniculitis. Mean age at symptom onset was 85 months (6–204 months) and the mean duration of follow up was 55 months (1–144 months). All the patients presented with inflammatory subcutaneous nodules. The patients with WCD presented with systemic manifestations and cutaneous atrophy. The principal etiologies of EN were streptococcal infection (42%), undetermined (13.5%), pulmonary tuberculosis (10%), and acute rheumatic fever (10%). Biopsy of the nodules indicated septal panniculitis in 14 patients with EN and lobular panniculitis without vasculitis in the patients with WCD, one of which had cytophagic histiocytic panniculitis. There was recurrence in 11 patients (38%) with EN and in all those with WCD. Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs were used in 15 patients with EN and corticosteroids and/or immunosuppressive drugs in the six patients with WCD. Three patients died.Conclusions: EN is the most frequent panniculitis, with a benign course and is mainly associated with infections. WCD is a severe disease, with systemic involvement, that proceeds with cutaneous atrophy and requires the use of corticosteroids and or immunosuppressive drugs.
Suppressive effect of α2 Heremans–Schmid glycoprotein on in vitro calcification of osteogenesis
Authors: YOSHIDA YUJI , TAKAHASHI YUKIHIRO , YOSHIKAWA TAKAFUMI , NONOMURA AKITAKA , YOSHIOKA AKIRA 
Published: February 2006

AbstractBackground:  α2 Heremans–Schmid glycoprotein (α2HS glycoprotein) is predominantly found in bone. To date, we have investigated plasma α2HS levels in immature babies and neonates as well as the histological distribution in various neonatal tissues in order to clarify its physiological significance. In an effort to understand the physiological function of α2HS glycoprotein in bones, we studied the effects of α2HS glycoprotein in cultured osteogenesis model using rat marrow cells.Methods:  We added different concentrations of α2HS glycoprotein to cultured marrow cells, including osteoblasts in the presence of dexamethasone, in an attempt to elucidate the effects of α2HS glycoprotein on osteoblast growth and bone calcification in vitro.Results:  The results showed that total DNA content was significantly increased with 0.2–20 nM (f.c.) α2HS glycoprotein, but was neither suppressed nor increased with 200 nM (f.c.) α2HS glycoprotein. Although ALP activity increased with 0.2 or 2 nM (f.c.) α2HS glycoprotein, it decreased with 20 or 200 nM (f.c.) α2HS glycoprotein. While 0.2 nM (f.c.) α2HS glycoprotein had no effect on calcium or osteocalcin content, 2 nM (f.c.) α2HS glycoprotein decreased both calcium content and osteocalcin content by about half, and no calcium or osteocalcin was observed with 20 or 200 nM (f.c.). Calcium staining of cultured marrow cells revealed that the number of stained cell tubercles decreased in a concentration‐dependent manner.Conclusion:  These findings suggest that α2HS glycoprotein regulates the growth of osteoblasts and acts as an inhibitory factor in the regulation of bone calcification.
Antipyretics and delirious behavior during febrile illness
Authors: OKUMURA AKIHISA , FUKUMOTO YUKIKO , HAYAKAWA FUMIO , NAKANO TAKASHI , HIGUCHI KAZUO , KAMIYA HITOSHI , WATANABE KAZUYOSHI , MORISHIMA TSUNEO 
Published: February 2006

AbstractBackground: The purpose of the present paper was to study the use of antipyretics in children with delirium associated with fever in order to clarify their possible adverse effects.Methods: The use of antipyretics was investigated in 26 children with delirious behavior associated with fever. Temporal relation between delirious behavior and the use of antipyretics was recognized in six children.Results: In four children, delirious behavior was observed soon after administration of antipyretics. The antipyretics used were acetaminophen in two children, mephenamate in one, and diclofenac in one. In the other two children, delirious behavior was observed when body temperature began to fall 1–2 h after administration of antipyretics. The antipyretics used were acetaminophen in one child and mephenamate in one.Conclusion: A temporal relationship between antipyretics and delirious behavior was observed in some patients with febrile delirium. This suggests that antipyretics can be a trigger of delirium.
Theophylline metabolism in acute asthma with MxA‐indicated viral infection
Authors: ITAZAWA TOSHIKO , ADACHI YUICHI , NAKABAYASHI MOTOKAZU , FUCHIZAWA TATSUYA , MURAKAMI GYOKEI , MIYAWAKI TOSHIO 
Published: February 2006

AbstractBackground: Although viral infection might alter theophylline metabolism in acute asthma, there are some difficulties in detecting infection due to various kinds of viruses in a clinical setting.Methods: To evaluate the usefulness of assessment of MxA protein in acute asthma exacerbated by viral infection, MxA protein expression in lymphocytes was assayed by flow cytometric analysis in whole peripheral blood in 21 children (aged 0–6 years) receiving continuous theophylline infusion for management of asthma attack. Serum theophylline levels were measured at 24 and 72 h after initiating theophylline infusion.Results: At the beginning of theophylline infusion, 11 children had increased expression of MxA protein, indicating viral infected states. After 24 h continuous infusion, there were no differences in theophylline levels between MxA‐negative and MxA‐positive groups. After 72 h infusion, the mean theophylline level of MxA‐positive children was significantly higher than that of MxA‐negative children (9.7 ± 2.2 μg/mL vs 7.3 ± 1.6 μg/mL). The ratio of theophylline clearance at 72 h to that at 24 h in the MxA‐positive group was significantly lower than that of the MxA‐negative group (1.1 ± 0.2 vs 1.4 ± 0.1).Conclusions: Viral infection appeared to affect theophylline metabolism. Flow cytometric assay of lymphoid MxA protein expression in whole blood is an easy and useful method of evaluating viral infection in acute asthma exacerbation.