bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combining sediment quality criteria and sediment bioassays with photoactivation for assessing sediment quality along the Swedish West Coast
Authors: Wernersson Ann-Sofie , Dave Göran , Nilsson Eva 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
Sediments from 48 sites along the Swedish West Coast were sampled for determination of priority pollutants (metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and chlorinated hydrocarbons). Toxicity to two crustaceans (Daphnia magna and Nitocra spinipes) were also determined within 2 weeks and after 12 months of storage at 4°C. Since, according to earlier studies, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons may exhibit photoinduced toxicity, all test vessels (including exposed test organisms) were subjected to ultraviolet irradiation after immobility/lethality was recorded. Thereafter, the vessels were recorded again for immobility/lethality and the data were compared with phototoxicity data of analyzed substances, in order to estimate the bioavailability of phototoxic hydrocarbons in these sediments. Immobility of Daphnia exposed to 16% sediment (wet weight) ranged from 0 to 80% both before and after photo treatment. Nitocra 96-h LC50s (% wet weight of sediment) ranged from 1.9 to &gt; 32% before, and from 1.0 to &gt; 32% after ultraviolet treatment. The sensitivity to the different sediments as well as the photoactivation was species dependent and differed between fresh and stored sediments. Photoactivation in Daphnia was generally low but significant in an analysis of variance test. Compared with two different sediment quality guidelines it was found that some sediments would be classified as moderately or strongly polluted. These values did not always coincide with toxicity to any of the two species. The guidelines were thus of no value in predicting sediment toxicity. Correlations between toxicity and chemicals measured in the sediments were also highly variable and inconsistent.
Photo-induced toxicity in Nitocra did not correlate (p &lt; 0.01) to any of the analyzed substances, and a clear pattern between ultraviolet-induced toxicity to Daphnia and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon concentrations in the sediments was not obtained, possibly because most sediments contained relatively low amounts of bioavailable material. However, the sediment sample with the highest concentrations of photoactive PAHS such as pyrene did demonstrate the greatest increase in toxicity (39%) following ultraviolet irradiation.
The suitability of Corophium orientale (Crustacea, Amphipoda) in harbour sediment toxicity bioassessment
Authors: Onorati F. , Bigongiari N. , Pellegrini D. , Giuliani S. 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
Eco-toxicology represents an important integrative tool of environmental risk assessment. Amphipods is a taxon much recommended for bioassay, but species used are generally from the Atlantic Ocean or the North Sea. None of the Mediterranean species has ever been examined.
In an eco-toxicological evaluation of harbour sediment, Corophium orientale, an endemic Mediterranean species, was investigated for suitability to determine sediment quality. Physical-chemical analyses and amphipod bioassays on several contaminated Italian harbour samples were carried out. Two amphipod populations with different sensitivities were used. Microtox®, a sensitive and reproducible assay procedure, was used in parallel with C. orientale assay in order to ascertain an agreement and/or disagreement between responses. The results of the two bioassay procedures supported the hypothesis that C. orientale, as part of a battery of bioassays, is sensitive to hydro-soluble pollutants contaminating the water column due to dredging activities.
NEW TECHNIQUES OF PALATOGRAPHY
Authors: WITTING CLAES 
Published: November 2008

SummaryAll in all it will be seen that photo‐palatography (PP), defined as painting the subject's tongue plus photographing the mirror image of the subject's palate after pronouncing, is superior to the artificial palate method (APM), whether the contact surface is drawn or photographed, namely in one very important respect: — In PP the subject articulates more freely than in the APM; hence the contact surface is usually more accurate in the first case — a fact of highest interest to phoneticians.In addition to that, the preparatory stages of the APM, i. e. the production of negative and positive palate casts, can be dispensed with in PP, which means an appreciable reduction of the time needed for the subject to be at the operator's disposal. Yet the photo‐palatogram is sometimes hard to interpret on account of photographic errors; on such occasions a positive palate cast will serve perfectly well as a corrective, but it is by no means necessary to take the negative cast before the actual experiment.The painting is annoying to the subject if repeated; intensivestudies of single individuals are, therefore, more suitable performed with the APM or a mixed PP‐APM.Any palatogram with the inner contour of the teeth still traceable can henceforth be expressed numerically, either according to the dentril code method or to the contcict index method.
ANOTHER LOOK AT NEGATIVELY CONDITIONED SUBJECT‐OPERATOR INVERSION IN ENGLISH1
Authors: Jacobsson Bengt 
Published: November 2008

SummaryThe regularization of subject ‐ operator inversion as used after negatives, restrictives, and certain correlatives is a process that has been going on for centuries and may still be going on, for all we know. It started with full negatives like neither and was then extended to near‐negatives, restrictives, and correlatives (including so + adjective/adverb. that). Various attempts have been made to find the rationale underlying this process, but none of the concepts proposed so far can be raised to the status of an all‐embracing explanatory principle. Emphaticness is obviously one of the factors involved, but it is neither a necessary nor a sufficient condition for the use of inversion. Affect‐attraction, as defined by Klima, is broad enough to accommodate both interrogative and negative inversion but too narrow to account for inversion with so. Negative attraction, also invoked by Klima and by others before and after him, is a more likely candidate, but it has to be defined and explained in its turn. The conclusion arrived at in the present study is that negative inversion serves a twofold purpose: syntactically, it brings about a closer connection between negative and verb (negative attraction or, more generally, connectedness); semantically, it has the effect of making the clause non‐affirmative, thus eliminating the undesirable sequence negative opener + affirmative S‐V. In borderline cases, such as sentences with preposed not without reason or not for nothing, it is usually the syntactic principle that prevails, i. e. inversion is used in spite of the fact that the sentence is affirmative in meaning. The syntactic principle also accounts for the regular use of inversion after preposed correlatives, whether near‐negative like hardly or non‐negative like so.
Sensor factor correction for collimated beam experiments using a medium pressure ultraviolet lamp
Authors: Guo Mei-Ting , Hu Hong-Ying , Bolton James R. 
Published: November 2008

A detailed protocol is presented documenting how a ‘sensor factor’ correction should be calculated when undertaking quasi collimated beam experiments using a polychromatic medium pressure ultraviolet lamp. The correction factor was determined as 0.778 through Pyrex filtration test. This new protocol is particularly important if the radiometer sensor has significant sensitivity at wavelengths longer than 300 nm.
Fish louseArgulus funduli(Crustacea: Branchiura) ectoparasites of the euryhaline teleost host,Fundulus heteroclitus, damage the ion-transport capacity of the opercular epithelium
Authors: Marshall W. S. , Cozzi R. R.F. , Strapps C. 
Published: November 2008

Killifish ( Fundulus heteroclitus (L., 1766)) collected in the wild and kept in full-strength seawater were naturally parasitized by the ectoparasite Argulus funduli Krøyer, 1863, a copepod fish louse that creates inflamed skin lesions on the opercular epithelium and host gills. We assessed the damage done by lesions by counting the density of mitochondria-rich cells by fluorescence microscopy and by measuring Cl–secretion rate electrophysiologically using control (no lesions) and affected isolated opercular epithelia, often as paired left and right membranes from a single fish. Epithelia with lesions had a significantly reduced Cl–secretion rate, and in the lesions, the density of chloride cells was near zero. Contralateral membranes without lesions from infested fish had transport rates not significantly different from membranes taken from uninfected control animals, indicating no overcompensation on the contralateral membranes. Healthy control and infested animals were transferred to hypersaline conditions (twice seawater). Infested and control animals all survived transfer and had elevated plasma Na+and plasma osmolality. Infested animals failed to significantly elevate Imto the same level as healthy animals and there was a difference in hematocrit. Happily, the hypersaline challenge also resulted in detachment and death of adult A. funduli. We conclude that Argulus lesions impair salt transport in affected membranes but do not significantly affect survival on hypersaline challenge, and that hypersaline exposure is a successful treatment for A. funduli infestation in these strongly euryhaline teleosts.
The Biography of the Sample: Notes on the Hidden Contexts of Acousmatic Art
Authors: Milutis Joe 
Published: November 2008

ABSTRACT
Acousmatic sound art production has as its goal a transformation of recognizable recorded sound samples into new relations, effectively hiding the origin of the raw material so as to focus on an experience of pure sound. The author defines the “live” as the “life” from which these samples are pulled, and considers the ways in which the biography of the sample troubles acousmatic art.
Lyapunov‐based model predictive control of nonlinear systems subject to time‐varying measurement delays
Authors: Liu Jinfeng , Muñoz de la Peña David , Christofides Panagiotis D. , Davis James F. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractIn this work, we focus on model predictive control of nonlinear systems subject to time‐varying measurement delays. The motivation for studying this control problem is provided by networked control problems and the presence of time‐varying delays in measurement sampling in chemical processes. We propose a Lyapunov‐based model predictive controller that is designed taking time‐varying measurement delays explicitly into account, both in the optimization problem formulation and in the controller implementation. The proposed predictive controller allows for an explicit characterization of the stability region and guarantees that the closed‐loop system in the presence of time‐varying measurement delays is ultimately bounded in a region that contains the origin if the maximum delay is smaller than a constant that depends on the parameters of the system and the Lyapunov‐based controller that is used to formulate the optimization problem. The application of the proposed Lyapunov‐based model predictive control method is illustrated using a nonlinear chemical process example with asynchronous, delayed measurements and its stability and performance properties are illustrated to be superior to the ones of two existing Lyapunov‐based model predictive controllers. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Risk variants for atrial fibrillation on chromosome 4q25 associate with ischemic stroke
Authors: Gretarsdottir Solveig , Thorleifsson Gudmar , Manolescu Andrei , Styrkarsdottir Unnur , Helgadottir Anna , Gschwendtner Andreas , Kostulas Konstantinos , Kuhlenbäumer Gregor , Bevan Steve , Jonsdottir Thorbjorg , Bjarnason Hjordis , Saemundsdottir Jona , Palsson Stefan , Arnar David O. , Holm Hilma , Thorgeirsson Gudmundur , Valdimarsson Einar Mar , Sveinbjörnsdottir Sigurlaug , Gieger Christian , Berger Klaus , Wichmann H‐Erich , Hillert Jan , Markus Hugh , Gulcher Jeffrey Robert , Ringelstein E. Bernd , Kong Augustine , Dichgans Martin , Gudbjartsson Daniel Fannar , Thorsteinsdottir Unnur , Stefansson Kari 
Published: November 2008

AbstractObjectiveTo find sequence variants that associate with the risk for ischemic stroke (IS), we performed a genome‐wide association study.MethodsWe genotyped 1,661 Icelandic IS patients and 10,815 control subjects using the Infinium HumanHap300 chip (Illumina, San Diego, CA). A total of 310,881 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were tested for association with IS, and the most significant signals were replicated in two large European IS sample sets (2,224 cases/2,583 control subjects). Two SNPs, rs2200733 and rs10033464, were tested further in additional European IS samples (2,327 patients and 16,760 control subjects).ResultsIn the Icelandic samples and the two replication sets combined, rs2200733 associated significantly with cardioembolic stroke (CES) (odds ratio [OR], 1.54; p = 8.05 × 10−9). No other variants associated with IS or any of its subtypes. rs2200733 associated significantly with IS in all sample sets combined (OR, 1.26; p = 2.18 × 10−10), and both rs2200733 and its neighbour, rs10033464 associated strongly with CES (rs2200733: OR, 1.52; p = 5.8 × 10−12; rs10033464: OR, 1.27; p = 6.1 × 10−4). Interestingly, rs2200733 also showed significant association to IS not classified as CES.InterpretationWe discovered that variants previously shown to associate with atrial fibrillation (AF), rs2200733 and rs10033464, significantly associated with IS, with the strongest risk for CES. The association with noncardiogenic stroke is intriguing and suggests that atrial fibrillation may be underdiagnosed in patients presenting with stroke. This discovery may have implications for workup and treatment of IS. Ann Neurol 2008;64:402–409
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Progress in Oxide Thermoelectric Materials: p‐Type Ca3Co4O9 and n‐Type SrTiO3‐
Authors: Ohta Hiromichi , Sugiura Kenji , Koumoto Kunhito 
Published: November 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
TCR‐β chains derived from peripheral γδ T cells can take part in αβ T‐cell development
Authors: Bosco Nabil , Engdahl Corinne , Bénard Angèle , Rolink Johanna , Ceredig Rhodri , Rolink Antonius G. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractBetween 10 and 20% of the peripheral γδ T cells express cytoplasmic TCR‐β proteins, but whether such TCR‐β chains can partake in αβ T‐cell development has never been systematically investigated. Therefore, we reconstituted the T‐cell compartment of CD3ε‐deficient mice with Pax5‐TCR‐β deficient proB cells expressing, via a retroviral vector, TCR‐β chains from either peripheral γδ or αβ T cells. Recipient thymi reconstituted with proB cells containing empty vector were small (<15×106 cells), contained few γδ T but no αβ T cells. In contrast, thymi from mice receiving proB cells containing γδ or αβ T‐cell‐derived TCR‐β chains contained 80–130×106 cells, and showed a normal CD4, CD8 and αβ TCR expression pattern. However, regardless of the source of TCR‐β chain, reconstituted mice rapidly showed signs of autoimmunity dying 5–15 wk following reconstitution. Autoimmune disease induction could be prevented by co‐transfer of Treg cells thereby allowing the functionality of the generated T cells to be assessed. Results obtained show that TCR‐β chains from γδ T cells can efficiently take part in αβ T‐cell development. The implications of these findings for γδ T‐cell development will be discussed.
Diurnal evolutions of nitrogen oxides (NOx), ozone (O3), and PM10particles at a busy traffic cross‐road in the city of Tunis
Authors: Azri Chafai , Mabrouk Chaabane , Medhioub Khaled 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThis study reports on an air quality investigation carried out in the city of Tunis (a North African coastal town) during the period starting in October 2003 and ending in December 2003. It investigates the diurnal gaseous and particulate pollution in the vicinity of “Bab Saadoun,” one of the most heavily trafficked cross‐roads in the city of Tunis. The average concentrations under investigation exhibited some peculiarities stemming mainly from the general customs of the local population and from specific meteorological situations (anticyclones, cyclones with deep movement) pertaining to ozone levels. These peculiarities were taken into consideration and are elaborated on the present article. © 2008 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2009
Estradiol downregulation of the tumor suppressor gene BTG2 requires estrogen receptor‐α and the REA corepressor
Authors: Karmakar Sudipan , Foster Estrella A. , Smith Carolyn L. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractB‐cell Translocation Gene 2 (BTG2/TIS21/PC3) is an anti‐proliferative tumor suppressor gene whose expression is significantly reduced in breast carcinomas, and in MCF‐7 and T‐47D breast cancer cell lines treated with estradiol (E2). In this study the mechanisms involved in E2 down regulation of BTG2 gene expression were examined. Depletion of ERα by siRNA indicated that the receptor is required for E2 down regulation of BTG2 mRNA levels, and cycloheximide experiments indicated that the effect of E2 on BTG2 expression was independent of intermediary protein synthesis. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analyses revealed that ERα interacts with the BTG2 promoter in a ligand‐independent fashion whereas transfection experiments indicated that ERα's DNA and ligand binding domains are required for E2 repression of BTG promoter activity. Surprisingly, histone deacetylase (HDACs) activity is essential for basal expression as evidenced by trichostatin A inhibition of BTG2 mRNA levels. Estradiol treatment did not alter histone H3 acetylation although it did induce displacement of RNA polymerase II from the BTG2 gene. Depletion of the ER specific corepressor REA (Repressor of Estrogen Receptor Activity) significantly abrogated E2‐mediated BTG2 repression. Taken together, our results reveal a requirement of HDAC activity for basal BTG2 expression and the ERα‐REA interaction for estrogen repression of the BTG2 gene. The ability of E2‐bound ERα and REA to suppress BTG2 expression indicates a positive role for this corepressor in regulation of breast cancer cell proliferation. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Covalently‐linked hyaluronan promotes bone formation around Ti implants in a rabbit model
Authors: Morra Marco , Cassinelli Clara , Cascardo Giovanna , Fini Milena , Giavaresi Gianluca , Giardino Roberto 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThe goal of this study was the in vivo evaluation of nanoporous titanium (Ti) implants bearing a covalently linked surface hyaluronan (HA) layer. Implant surface topography and surface chemistry were previously evaluated by scanning electron micorscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Results showed that the surface modification process did not affect surface topography, yielding a homogeneously HA‐coated nanotextured implant surface. In vivo evaluation of implants in both cortical and trabecular bone of rabbit femurs showed a significant improvement of both bone‐to‐implant contact and bone ingrowth at HA‐bearing implant interfaces at 4 weeks. The improvement in osteointegration rate was particularly evident in the marrow‐rich trabecular bone (bone‐to‐implant contact: control 22.5%; HA‐coated 69.0%, p < 0.01). Mechanical testing (push‐out test) and evaluation of interfacial bone microhardness confirmed a faster bone maturation around HA‐coated implants (Bone Maturation Index: control 79.1%; HA‐coated 90.6%, p < 0.05). Suggestions based on the biochemical role of HA are presented to account for the observed behavior. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 27: 657–663, 2009
Structural determination of atricins A and B, new triterpenes from Perovskia atriplicifolia, by 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy
Authors: Perveen Shagufta , Malik Abdul , Bakhsh Tareen Rasool 
Published: November 2008

AbstractAtricins A (1) and B (2), two new oleanane‐type triterpenes have been isolated from the chloroform‐soluble fractions of Perovskia atriplicifolia and their structures assigned from 1H and 13C‐NMR spectra, Distortion Enhancement by Polarization Trasfer (DEPT) and by 2D‐COSY, HMQC, Nuclear Overhauser Enhancement Spectroscopy (NOESY) and Hetronuclear mutiple‐bond correlation (HMBC) experiments. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Critical micelle concentrations of block and gradient copolymers in homopolymer: Effects of sequence distribution, composition, and molecular weight
Authors: Sandoval Robert W. , Williams Daniel E. , Kim Jungki , Roth Connie B. , Torkelson John M. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThe critical micelle concentrations (CMCs) of styrene–methyl methacrylate (S‐MMA) block and gradient copolymers present in a homopolymer poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) matrix were determined using an intrinsic fluorescence technique based on the ratio of excimer to monomer fluorescence from styrene repeat units. The homopolymer molecular weight (MW) and copolymer MW, composition, and sequence distribution were varied to determine their effects on the CMC, and comparisons were made to theory. Although the effects of these parameters on micelle formation have been the focus of significant theoretical study, few experimental studies have addressed these issues. The MW of the S block (forming the micelle core) has a strong effect on the CMC. For example, an order of magnitude reduction in the CMC (from ∼ 1 to ∼ 0.1 wt %) is observed when the S block MW is increased from 51 to 147 kg/mol while maintaining the MMA block and PMMA MWs at 48–55 kg/mol. Increasing the PMMA matrix MW also has a strong an effect on the CMC, with the CMC for a nearly symmetric S‐MMA block copolymer with each block MW equal to 48–51 kg/mol decreasing by a factor of 5 and by several orders of magnitude when the matrix MW is increased from 55 to 106 kg/mol and 255 kg/mol, respectively. In contrast, similar changes in the MMA block MW have little effect on the CMC. Finally, when present in a 55 kg/mol PMMA matrix, a 55 kg/mol S‐MMA gradient copolymer with a styrene mole fraction of 0.51 exhibits a factor of 6 larger CMC than a block copolymer of similar MW and composition. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 46: 2672–2682, 2008
Nitrogen incorporation in homoepitaxial ZnO CVD epilayers
Authors: Lautenschlaeger Stefan , Eisermann Sebastian , Meyer Bruno K. , Callison Gordon , Wagner Markus R. , Hoffmann Axel 
Published: November 2008

AbstractZnO:N thin films have been deposited on oxygen and zinc terminated polar surfaces of ZnO. The nitrogen incorporation in the epilayers, using NH3 as doping source, was investigated as a function of the growth temperature in the range between 380 °C and 580 °C. We used Raman spectroscopy and low temperature photoluminescence to investigate the doping properties. It turned out that the nitrogen incorporation strongly depends on both, the surface polarity of the epitaxial films and the applied growth temperatures. In our CVD process low growth temperatures and Zn‐terminated substrate surfaces clearly favour the nitrogen incorporation in the ZnO thin films. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)