bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reservoir Modeling Through Integrated Processing Between Seismic and Well Log Data (Thamama Reservoirs in Offshore Abu Dhabi)
Authors: Belaid K.H. , Lafet Yves 
Published: December 2007

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Abstract
Nowadays, the seismic reflection is playing an increasingly significant rolein the development of oil fields in addition to the detection of hydrocarbontraps of even greater stratigraphic and structural complexity.
This paper presents and describes an integrated method using seismic and well data to predict, quantity and map the porosity variations within four reservoirs in the Thamama Group in two structures named "A" and"B" and located offshore Abu Dhabi.
The seismic and well data were processed and aimed to produce a Noise free sections presenting a high Signal-to-Noise ratio. The data were processed in a True-Amplitude and a Zero-Phase sections were produced providing a good matching with the well data. These Zero-Phase sections were inverted to an Absolute Acoustic Impedance sections which were calibrated with the impedance logs generated at the wells.
The different factors that may affect the porosity in the four studied reservoirs were investigated and a relationship between the porosity and the acoustic impedance was established.
This relationship along with the calibrated absolute impedance sections were used to produce porosity maps for the Thamama reservoirs.
After the completion of this study, two wells were drilled in this area and the results are in general satisfactory. The comparison between the predicted and real petrophysical reservoir parameters can be summarised as follows:
Depth : error about 0.7% H (thickness x porosity): The average error for all the studied reservoirs in the two wells is about 10%.

Introduction and Objectives
This study was carried out by the Compagnie Generale De Geophysique (CGG) in 1987/1988 with the contribution and under the Supervision of ADMA-OPCO.
The area of the study is located offshore Abu Dhabi, as indicated in Figure-1.
This study covered two structures "A" and "B".
The first exploration well drilled on the Structure "A" was in 1981and it was a discovery. The oil-bearing reservoirs occur in the Thamama Group Lower Cretaceous age. The first well in the nearby Structure "B" was drilled in 1989 and discovered oil in the Thamama zones I, II and IV.
The main objective of this study was to evaluate the potentialities of the different reservoirs in the Thamama Group.
Drilling Contractor Dilemma for the Nineties: Performance and Service With Profit
Authors: Irwin J. R. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
During the 1980s, offshore drilling contractors learned the harsh lessons of survival. That meant reducing costs, conserving cash, avoiding debt, maintaining market positions and retaining key people. The survival mode permitted neither profitability nor growth. Certain contractors did not survive, and drilling industry consolidation is still underway; rig supply/demand equilibrium is not expected to be reached in the near future. The business, which has historically been cyclical, is now undergoing further fundamental changes and long-term restructuring in a number of ways: clients’ methods of doing business; areas of geographic focus and rig distribution; number and location of contracting companies; and the modified character of client companies.
While offshore drilling contractors must retain the flexibility to meet the differing and changing needs of various clients, one of the significant changes sought by some operators is a broader range of services which can be offered by contractors. Changing business relationships are still in transition in 1992 as contractors continue to build technical and commercial experience, and operators gain confidence in contractors’ ability to perform safely, efficiently and economically. An important factor in establishing trust and mutual respect is a keener understanding by both parties of the other's investment criteria and costs, including the future implications of rig ownership. The future role of "alliances" and "partnering" between operators and contractors, and preferred supplier relationships for contractors with a serious long-term commitment to the business are also becoming more important to address.
Contractors and service companies do not share directly in the ultimate reward of a successful discovery or producing well, but reputable contractors can - and want to - make professional contributions to operators’ drilling projects. The dilemma for the serious long-term offshore drilling contractor in this decade is how to survive in a condition to furnish the level and range of services that will better satisfy operator requirements, provide safe, total quality performance - and still find a way to earn an acceptable profit as a service company and asset owner in a capital intensive business. The question remains even for financially healthy contractors and service companies: "How do we survive and become profitable over the longer-term?"
Investigation of Ultrasonic and Sonic Bond Tools for Detection of Gas Channels in Cements
Authors: Griffith J. E. , Sabins F. L. , Harness P. E. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
This paper presents the problems of evaluating the integrity of gas-channeled cement sheaths and with ultrasonic and sonic bond tools utilized extensively in field operations. Findings are based on full-scale models intentionally gas-channeled, logged by standard ultrasonic and sonic bond tools, then exposed for visual inspection. Possible methods to overcome the discovered problems of cement evaluation with bond tools are presented so that alternate methods of determining cement integrity can be used.
Findings presented show that normal cement bond logs will not always detect gas channeling in the cement sheath unless they are created by large gas influx rates which increases the probability for the channels to contact the casing. Laboratory findings verify field examples of logs showing gas-influx cement, but physical inspection indicates distinct gas channels rather than small gas bubble entrainment. The variance method is utilized with averaging impedance values to distinguish between gas channeling and foam cements.
Cement jobs in the industry are typically evaluated with sonic and/or ultrasonic tools to indicate hydraulic isolation. Gas channels in the cement may compromise hydraulic seal if the channel communicates between uneconomical zones and production perforations. This paper provides recommendations to allow evaluation of gas channel cement for a squeeze/no squeeze decision from log responses and physical inspection of the models.
Dynamic Two-Phase Flow Simulator: A Powerful Tool for Blowout and Relief Well Kill Analysis
Authors: Rygg O. B. , Smestad Pål , Wright J. W. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
A new adaptation of a proven flow simulator is aiding blowout contingency planning. Most important wells require a blowout contingency plan. Part of that plan includes relief well intervention. The flow simulator distinguishes between workable and difficult intervention schemes. It suggests any needed modifications in original well design. And it makes crisis management quicker, cheaper, and more effective. This paper describes the power of using this simulator for both surface and relief well hydraulic kill planning.
Detection of BHA Lateral Resonances While Drilling With Surface Longitudinal and Torsional Sensors
Authors: Paslay P. R. , Jan Yih-Min , Kingman J. E. E. , Macpherson J. D. 
Published: December 2007

Summary
An analytical model is presented in detail which pre- dicts the oscillatory motions and forces at the top of a drillstring due to forward whirl of the BHA (bottom hole assembly) at a BHA lateral resonance. The geometry and amplitude of the BHA mode shape are used in a scheme which converts the lateral motions to sinusoidally varying axial forces and tangential impulses acting on the BHA. The entire string is then analyzed for wave propagation of the axial forces and torsional impulses. In this manner, the dynamic axial and torsional response at the top of the drillstring can be used to predict BHA forward whirl at each of the BHA lateral resonances. The model has been incorporated in a computer program for practical analyses.
Teaching Teachers about Science and Engineering: An Industry-Sponsored Model
Authors: Barber M. A. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
An underetanding and appreciation of earth science is essential in today’s technological society. Many of the headlines in the daily newspaper and news magazines deal with earth science issues, yet the schools have poor tools with which to help students understand these complex issues. Business, industry, and government agencies, on the other hand, are well equipped with professional experts and resources which can and should be made available to Hie educational community.
Through a Denver-based industrial model, a series of new curriculum products in earth science education for kindergarten through secondary school is being developed to help prepare young Americans to take on the challenge of maintaining an earth that is in ecological and human equilibrium. The model being used with partners in business, industry, and government agencies in the Denver region can and should be replicated in other parts of the country.
Understanding Gas Markets: An Analysis of Purchase, Transportation, and Sales Mechanisms
Authors: Neal D. B. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
This paper presents an analysis of the natural gas transportation cost mechanisms used by major pipelines for gas moving on the spot market. The paper also presents an analysis of natural gas upstream (purchase) price and downstream (sales) price mechanisms used by gas marketers in the spot market. It is an attempt to document basic algorithms used for determining the transportation component of gas cost and for establishing natural gas prices at both ends of the pipeline. These issues are explored so market potential can be more easily evaluated and gas transactions can be better understood by non-gas marketers.
Constraints to the Competitiveness of the U.S. Oil Industry in the Global Market
Authors: Gochenour D. T. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
The American oil industry is shifting the bulk of its new investment overseas in the hopes that there will be greater profits there than in the U.S. This is not likely to be the panacea that senior managers in the oil industry hope it Mill be. This is primarily because the American oil industry is lagging in its competitiveness with the leading industry participants from other countries. In the past twenty years, the dominance of the U.S. oil industry in most fields has been steadily eroded to the point where it no longer has the unquestioned competitive edge. Just the contrary, in many parts of the world, the U.S. oil industry is competitively a Iagger.
The uncompetitive position of the U.S. companies is due to four chief constraints: the constraints of a transformed, unattractive international investment environment; structural constraints which shape the way the American industry operates; managerial constraints which afflict most companies at the level of individuals; and cultural constraints which are generally true to all American companies. This paper aims to diagnose the causes of the American decline in competitiveness and the scope of the challenges facing the American industry as it goes international.
A Method To Estimate the Value of Well Log Information
Authors: Dunn M. D. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
The cost of running logs to gather information about a well or reservoir can be a significant portion of an oil company's budget. Although the cost of well logs and surveys are often scrutinized, rarely do engineers or geologists analyze the value of this information.
This paper describes how to compute the value of well logs before they are run by describing the uncertainty of what is already known, and predicting what will be lost as a result of a poor estimate. A probability distribution is drawn about the expected value ("best guess") of the parameter in question (e.g. OWC, porosity), and an opportunity loss is assigned to values that differ from this expected value. An "expected" loss is then computed based on the probability and conditional loss that may be incurred. This expected loss is equivalent to the value of perfect information. The author applies this technique to three examples to show how it is used, and draws general conclusions about the value of well log information.
The paper shows that this relatively simple technique can be used to place a value on well logs to aid the decision making process. The examples show that in fields with little uncertainty, little heterogeneity, and/or low stakes, the value of information is often less than the cost of logs. On the other hand, in very productive fields, or areas where uncertainty is great, the value of information may be high.
A Hybrid Artificial Intelligence Approach in Well Test Interpretation
Authors: Houze O. P. , Allain O. F. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
In welltest interpretation the model identification was soon foreseen as a possible "Artificial Intelligence" (AI) application. As in most other fields of application of AI, both symbolic and connectionist (neural networks) approaches have been tried. Both have structural and complementary qualities and limitations.
The objective of K.I.W.I., a research project presented in this paper, was to develop an efficient AI module and integrate it in an operational welltest software. This module should identify the shape of even a noisy response, select possible models and estimate parameters with the highest possible success ratio. The only user input would be to select between models suggested by the module. Only a combination of symbolic and connectionist approaches (a hybrid system) could meet these requirements.
After introducing the project specifications and the basic programming tools used in it, this paper presents the different steps of the research and describes how such a hybrid system was developed.
Technical Applications of Design Principles in the Offshore Energy Industry
Authors: Lucas C. M. , Astrup Sandy 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Attention to exterior and interior design on offshore facilities appears to have been overlooked. Application of design principles focuses on the creation of a balanced working/living cycle, despite extreme surroundings, in order to achieve a safer living space. Benefits of such a cycle include an increase in productivity and a decease in the number of personal injuries ultimately turning an industry loss into a savings.
Existing working/1iving environments on offshore facilities are monotonous and sensorially deprived because of the unvarying and toneless surroundings intensified by harsh climatic conditions, separation from family and friends, and prolonged work schedules. This combination of factors promotes mental fatigue and impaired judgement, causing the most common accidents offshore, trips, slips, and falls. These accidents are traceable to an inability to make quick, proper decisions.
In order to transcend problems inherent in the offshore environment, personnel should be exposed to a variation of color, texture, lighting, and personalization. To implement these correctly requires the investigation of the working/living cycle of offshore life, the four phases being sleep, shift preparation, on shift, and off shift activity. Each phase must be defined and analyzed in terms of efficiency and safety. This analysis must take into account many factors, such as ease of egress, acoustics, thermal control, square footage per space, location of facility, number of personnel, and overall facility function.
Effects of Underbalance and Effective Stress on Perforation Damage in Weak Sandstone: Initial Results
Authors: Behrmann L. A. , Pucknell J. K. , Bishop S. R. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Single-shot laboratory flow tests were performed on six Castlegate sandstone cores to determine the effect of perforating a weak sandstone (approximately 1600-psi mean unconfined uniaxial compressive strength). Experiments were performed at two effective stress levels and various underbalances.
The Castlegate was perforated under simulated downhole conditions as described in API RP 43, 5th Edition. Radial flow tests were performed immediately after perforating to establish perforation productivity. These tests gave no information on the distribution of permeability damage; therefore, a radial flow permeameter was used to measure the permeability distribution.
As anticipated, the total perforation length in the Castlegate sandstone was greater than in stronger sandstones; however, the shape of the perforations, the amount of debris left inside the perforation tunnel and the effect on productivity due to the level of underbalance were unexpected. Although the number of experiments was limited, the following observations were made: 1)At all conditions the rock around the initial perforation tunnel failed;2)At low effective confining stress, the failed rock was expelled into the "wellbore," creating a large, asymmetric cavity/tunnel;3)At higher effective confining stress, the failed rock remained in the perforation, filling the tunnel;4)Perforation productivity appeared to decrease at higher underbalances; and5)Experimental artifacts may affect measured productivities when testing softer sandstones.
Disposal Tool Technology Extends Gas Well Life and Enhances Profits
Authors: Grubb A. D. , Duvall D. K. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
The objective of this paper is to present the application of a new saltwater disposal tool, called a Seating Nipple Bypass. This tool has been developed and tested in the Oklahoma Panhandle and Southwest Kansas where gas wells are pumped to remove saltwater from the wellbore and allow gas to flow up the casing tubing annulus. This tool is specifically applicable to gas wells that are not close to a disposal system. The idea of this system allows produced water to be conventionally pumped up a tubing string and gravity fed to a disposal zone below. Water is therefore not handled at the surface which eliminates environmental problems and reduces operating expenses. This paper will address the application of this tool and give case histories of its performance and economic advantages. Use of this system will also allow for increased reserve recovery simply by reducing the disposal expenses and prolonging the economic life of a gas well.
Well Test Systems: Designing for Accuracy
Authors: Tuss B. M. , Kendrick R. A. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
Conventional well test systems often generate inaccurate results. Separation and measurement problems due to liquid properties are part of the problem. Well production sensitivity to back pressure is another.
Well test accuracy can be improved by upgrading the test system with a liquid transfer pump and an oil/water analyzer. Simultaneous conversion or retrofitting an existing three phase separator to two phase operation will increase liquids capacity five fold.
Dual-Zone, Horizontal Internal Gravel-Pack Completion
Authors: Gilbreath G. W. , Haubert M. A. , Gill S. B. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
NERCO Oil and Gas, Inc. successfully drilled and gravel packed an extended reach horizontal well from a production platform located in Eugene Island Block 371 to a bottom hole location in offset Eugene Island Block 370 in the Gulf of Mexico in May, 1991. (Refer to Figures 1 and 2).
The well was drilled to a measured depth of 8958 feet and true vertical depth of 3137 feet with a horizontal displacement of 7358 feet. The maximum well deviation was 90.75° with 86° deviation through the completion interval. (Refer to Figures 3 and 4).
The total producing interval length of 725 feet (Refer to Figure 5) was divided into two shorter intervals with an isolation interval for two reasons. First, this would improve the opportunity for successfully gravel packing the shorter intervals. And second, the isolation interval in combination with a shale barrier in the reservoir would allow for an economical plugback of the lower interval should the reservoir prove to have a water drive mechanism.
The initial well test following the completion indicates that the well was successfully gravel packed; however, the platform is currently installing oil handling facilities, and future production will determine the ultimate success of the completion techniques employed on this horizontal well.
This paper will discuss the completion equipment and procedural design criteria and considerations unique to this case study. In addition, operational results and post appraisal analysis of the completion will be described. The methods outlined in this case study may be applied to highly deviated or horizontal gravel packed completions in unconsolidated sandstone formations.
Development of the Suffield Gas Field
Authors: Grant R. A. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
This paper summarizes the historical development of a major Canadian gas field on federal lands. Using applied technology and a proactive, consultative approach among the producing company and all parties affected by the development, the project has proceeded successfully and over 3200 wells have been drilled, completed and placed on production. The total original recoverable gas reserves within the 1019 square mile Suffield field are estimated to be 1.8 trillion cubic feet and over half have been produced to date. Numerous technical and operational challenges had to be addressed during the course of developing these gas reserves in an area which is dedicated primarily to military training complete with live-fire artillery and tank exercises. To add to the developmental challenges, the Suffield gas field also contains unique wildlife species and environmentally sensitive areas.
Predicting Gas Well Load-Up Using Nodal System Analysis
Authors: Moltz A. K. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
Predicting the onset of gas well load-up is essential to optimize the performance and maximize reserve recovery from mature pressure-depletion gas reservoirs. The widely used approach of nodal system analysis to evaluate well performance has previously been considered unreliable in predicting the producing rate and reservoir pressure at which load-up occurs. This paper will demonstrate that compositional wellbore fluid modeling is required for applications of nodal analysis on low-pressure gas wells to accurately match performance and reliably predict the occurrence of load-up.
Update of Industry Experience with CO2 Injection
Authors: Hadlow R. E. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
The main purpose of this paper is to utilize current industry experience to evaluate the performance to date of miscible CO-2 injection projects. Also included is a summary of innovations being implemented by industry to improve recovery from existing CO-2 projects.
Experience to date has shown that on balance, CO-2 injection projects have performed better than anticipated and offer a significant opportunity for improving ultimate recovery from existing reserves.