bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Global summer monsoon rainy seasons
Authors: Zhang Suping , Wang Bin 
Published: January 2008

AbstractA concise and objective definition of monsoon rainy season characteristics is proposed for worldwide monsoon regions. The result highlights six major summer monsoon rainy season domains and the mean dates of the local onset, peak and withdrawal phases of the summer monsoon rainy season. The onset phases occur progressively later poleward in the continental domains but primarily eastward in the oceanic monsoon regions. The rainy season retreats equatorward over the continental and oceanic monsoon regions. The length of the rainy season decreases poleward and shorter rainy season can also be found over the outskirts of warm water. Some exceptions exist in terms of the characteristics of rainy season, e.g. the westward advance of rainy season over North Africa and an apparently prolonged rainy season in the Korean peninsula. The results here are basically compatible with those obtained in previous studies on regional monsoons.A definition of the seasonal wind overturning is proposed. Combining rainfall and winds, we stratify the global monsoon into strong and weak categories. The strong monsoons are typically in the regions with both concentration of summer rainfall and annual reversal of low‐level winds, while the weak monsoon features only a contrasting wet–dry season. Seemingly, some mid‐latitude regions with wind reversals are not monsoonal because of the reversals being opposite to the monsoon overturning and the rainfall patterns being more or less Mediterranean.The comparison between the monsoon domains derived from Climate Prediction Center (CPC) Merged Analysis of Precipitation (CMAP) and the 40‐year European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts Re‐Analysis (ERA‐40), the Japanese 25‐year Reanalysis (JRA‐25) and National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) datasets show good capabilities of the reanalyses in demarcation of the major monsoon rainy season domains in the tropics and subtropics. But the reanalyses are less realistic in the mid‐latitudes of Eurasia and North America. The result here provides the simple yet objective definitions of monsoon domain, onset, peak and withdrawal which are useful for validation of GCMs. Copyright © 2008 Royal Meteorological Society
Gauging the clinical significance of P‐glycoprotein‐mediated herb‐drug interactions: Comparative effects of St. John's wort, Echinacea, clarithromycin, and rifampin on digoxin pharmacokinetics
Authors: Gurley Bill J. , Swain Ashley , Williams D. Keith , Barone Gary , Battu Sunil K. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractConcomitant administration of botanical supplements with drugs that are P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp) substrates may produce clinically significant herb‐drug interactions. This study evaluated the effects of St. John's wort and Echinacea on the pharmacokinetics of digoxin, a recognized P‐gp substrate. Eighteen healthy volunteers were randomly assigned to receive a standardized St. John's wort (300 mg three times daily) or Echinacea (267 mg three times daily) supplement for 14 days, followed by a 30‐day washout period. Subjects were also randomized to receive rifampin (300 mg twice daily, 7 days) and clarithromycin (500 mg twice daily, 7 days) as positive controls for P‐gp induction and inhibition, respectively. Digoxin (Lanoxin® 0.25 mg) was administered orally before and after each supplementation and control period. Serial digoxin plasma concentrations were obtained over 24 h and analyzed by chemiluminescent immunoassay. Comparisons of area under the curve (AUC)(0–3), AUC(0–24), elimination half‐life, and maximum serum concentration were used to assess the effects of St. John's wort, Echinacea, rifampin, and clarithromycin on digoxin disposition. St. John's wort and rifampin both produced significant reductions (p < 0.05) in AUC(0–3), AUC(0–24), and Cmax, while clarithromycin increased these parameters significantly (p < 0.05). Echinacea supplementation did not affect digoxin pharmacokinetics. Clinically significant P‐gp‐mediated herb‐drug interactions are more likely to occur with St. John's wort than with Echinacea.
Analysis of conductor loss in interdigital capacitor based measurement of dielectric constant of ferroelectric thin film
Authors: Wang P. , Tan C. Y. , Ma Y. G. , Cheng W. N. , Ong C. K. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractA procedure to include conductor loss in interdigital capacitor based dielectric constant measurements is proposed. The effect of conductor loss and contact resistance can be regarded as a series resistor connected to the interdigital capacitor. If the thickness of the conductor film is known, the conductor loss could be calculated and subtracted from the measurement results. In the frequency range where the dielectric constant of the material in test does not change with frequency, the conductor loss could also be obtained by measuring the frequency dependence of the impedance of the interdigital capacitor. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 566–568, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23141
The realization and analysis of pattern/polarization diversity in multiple input multiple output array
Authors: Chae Sung Ho , Yoon Hyeong‐Sik , Park Seong‐Ook 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThis article proposes the pattern/polarization diversity array for multiple input multiple output applications by applying vertical and horizontal excitation. We show that pattern and polarization of antenna are changed due to vertical feeding. Then, we attempt to realize the two antenna diversity array by using different feeding method. As a result, the correlation factors with respect to the pattern and polarization diversity are investigated. Finally, the analysis of the diversity system in the view point of capacity is presented. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 561–566, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23142
A novel method of detecting HIV/AIDS using microwaves
Authors: Lonappan Anil , Thomas Vinu , Bindu G. , Jacob Joe , Rajasekaran C. , Mathew K. T. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractHIV/AIDS is one of the most destructive epidemics in ever recorded history claims an estimated 2.4–3.3 million lives every year. Even though there is no treatment for this pandemic Elisa and Western Blot tests are the only tests currently available for detecting HIV/AIDS. This article proposes a new method of detecting HIV/AIDS based on the measurement of the dielectric properties of blood at the microwave frequencies. The measurements were made at the S‐band of microwave frequency using rectangular cavity perturbation technique with the samples of blood from healthy donors as well as from HIV/AIDS patients. An appreciable change is observed in the dielectric properties of patient samples than with the normal healthy samples and these measurements were in good agreement with clinical results. This measurement is an alternative in vitro method of diagnosing HIV/AIDS using microwaves. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 557–561, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23143
A novel uniplanar compact EBG incorporated with interdigital structure
Authors: Lin Bao‐Qin , Wen Xi 
Published: January 2008

AbstractA novel uniplanar electromagnetic Band‐Gap (EBG) scheme is presented for size reduction, the proposed structure can be considered as an ameliorated uniplanar compact EBG (UC‐EBG) incorporated with interdigital structure which enlarges the fringe capacitance to compress the overall size of unit cell. Its design is detailed in this article and several simulation and experimental results are presented, the properties of the proposed ID‐UC‐EBG are examined when compared with that of the conventional UC‐EBG. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 555–557, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23144
UWB corner‐slot antenna
Authors: Pidre J. M. , Vera‐Isasa M. , Santalla V. , de Lorenzo E. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractA new bended slot antenna for ultra‐wideband applications is proposed in this article. A prototype has been fabricated and results show that the proposed design exhibits very low voltage standing wave ratio (<1.5) and broadside radiation pattern from 3 to 9 GHz. By processing frequency domain measurements with an IFFT algorithm, the time domain performance of the antenna has been evaluated. The fidelity is better than 0.98 for boresight direction and greater than 0.82 for the rest. All this results reveal that the antenna as an excellent candidate for ultra short microwave pulse radiation. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 663–665, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23146
Design and experimental investigation on novel microstrip band‐pass filters
Authors: Passi V. , Ghafouri‐Shiraz H. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractTwo novel fifth order, 2.5‐GHz bandpass filters, with 4% bandwidths were designed and fabricated. The filters which are modified versions of the hairpin filter are designed empirically using the optimization feature in microwave simulation software. We found good agreement between the simulated and measured responses of these filters, validating the optimization design methodology. The original hairpin filter has also been fabricated, and it is shown that the novel filters have good performance in comparison. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 655–658, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23152
Miniaturized hairpin resonator filters using dielectric ceramic substrates
Authors: Shen Chun‐Hsu , Huang Cheng‐Liang 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThis article describes the band‐pass filters using miniaturized hairpin resonators with parallel coupled lines. Two microwave dielectric ceramic substrates (with dielectric constants of 9.7 and 20, respectively) have been adopted to realize small chip size. The design of the band‐pass filters using miniaturized hairpin resonators are simulated by IE3D simulator. A precise planar band‐pass filter has been fabricated using the screen printing technique. The response of the fabricated filters using Al2O3 (εr = 9.7, Q × f = 35,000 GHz) and 0.94 MgTiO3 − 0.06 CaTiO3 + 0.25 wt%V2O5 (hereafter referred to as 94MCT + V2O5) (εr = 20, Q × f = 62,000 GHz, τf = −2.26 ppm/°C) are designed at a center frequency of 900 MHz. A fractional bandwidth of 5.7% with −2.6‐dB insertion loss and 19‐dB attenuation had been achieved with a chip size of 14.6 × 11.9 mm2. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 620–624, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23153
A microstrip dual‐band bandpass filter with reduced size and improved stopband characteristics
Authors: Guan Xuehui , Ma Zhewang , Cai Peng , Anada Tetsuo , Hagiwara Gen 
Published: January 2008

AbstractA novel compact microstrip dual‐band bandpass filter (BPF) is developed with remarkably improved stopband characteristics. Two‐square open‐loop resonators are embedded in a U‐shaped resonator to achieve a significant size reduction of the filter. Meanwhile, a cross‐coupling between nonadjacent resonators is exploited to produce multiple transmission zeros in the stopbands of the filter. As a consequence, wide stopbands with sharp and large attenuations are obtained. Theoretical and measured frequency responses of the designed filter show a good agreement.© 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 618–620, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23154
A new approach to the design of a compact high efficiency active integrated antenna
Authors: Ooi S. F. , Lee S. K. , Sambell A. , Korolkiewicz E. , Scott S. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractIn this letter, two active integrated antenna (AIA) circuits employing an H‐shaped patch antenna operating at 2.45 GHz are presented. In the first design a probe feed position on the antenna is found to give an input impedance of 50 Ω at the fundamental frequency. For the second design a probe feed position is found to give the optimum impedance at the fundamental frequency. Hence the load matching network is eliminated. Each circuit achieved a measured power added efficiency (PAE) of over 67%. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 585–589, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23156
Miniaturized 5.2 GHz notched UWB CPW‐FED antenna using dual reverse split trapezoid slots
Authors: Tang I.‐T. , Lin Ding‐Bing , Liou Geng‐Hong , Horng Jui‐Hong 
Published: January 2008

AbstractA novel compact 5.2 GHz notched ultra‐wideband (UWB) CPW‐fed monopole antenna using dual reverse split trapezoid slots which has small area of (16 × 17 mm2) is proposed. The designed antenna operates over 3–11 GHz for VSWR ≤ 2 including the WLAN band notched at the vicinity of 5.2 GHz. The dual reverse split trapezoid slots are employed effectively for notching unwanted frequency band such as that for WLAN service, since it can be implemented with a small dimension and in a high Q operation similarly to the conventional strip‐type dual reverse split ring resonator (SRR). Based on the simulated and measured results, a band notched UWB antenna using dual reverse split trapezoid slots is very effective in rejecting unwanted frequency in terms of its selectivity. Good monopole‐like radiation patterns and antenna gains have also been obtained. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 652–655, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23157
Analysis of a quad‐section SIR
Authors: Packiaraj D. , Ramesh M. , Kalghatgi A. T. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThis paper gives the closed form expressions for the resonator length and spurious frequencies of a quad‐section stepped impedance resonator (QSIR) in terms of impedance ratios. An experimental filter using QSIRs at 2.4 GHz has been designed and tested to verify the analysis. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 649–652, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23158
Research of the measuring technique of numerical aperture of optical fiber using near infrared light
Authors: Chen Der‐Chin 
Published: January 2008

AbstractIn this paper, we demonstrate a new technology in which we use the near infrared (NIR) electro‐optical device and projection method to measure the numerical aperture (NA) of NIR fiber. Using the optical coupler to let the NIR light enter into an optical fiber, the projection pattern is then measured at the distance of L, where the length L and the diameter W of the projection pattern area on screen is recorded. The NA of NIR fiber is computed from the recorded data. This is a fast method for testing NA and can measure the NA deviation to an accuracy of 0.01. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 582–584, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23161
A composed right/left‐handed waveguide with open‐ended corrugations for backward‐to‐forward leaky‐wave antenna application
Authors: Pan Pan , Meng Fan‐Yi , Wu Qun 
Published: January 2008

AbstractA novel composed right/left‐handed (CRLH) rectangular waveguide (RWG) is presented. It is periodically loaded with open‐ended corrugations, which allow energy radiating from them. Compared with previously referred left‐handed (LH) waveguides, this proposed structure is more effective for leaky‐wave antennas (LWAs) design. To determine the dispersion property, an equivalent circuit is given. Based on the CRLH RWG, a LWA is achieved and analyzed by full wave simulation, which supports the backward‐to‐forward beam scanning by frequency above 7.45 GHz. The obtained propagation and radiation results are in good agreement with theoretical suggestions. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 579–582, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23162
Optimization of cascode configuration in CMOS low‐noise amplifier
Authors: Song Ickhyun , Koo Minsuk , Jung Hakchul , Jhon Hee‐Sauk , Shin Hyungcheol 
Published: January 2008

AbstractIn this paper, design consideration of the cascode configuration in low‐noise amplifiers (LNA) using 0.13‐μm CMOS technology is presented. Performance factors of LNAs such as signal power gain, noise factor, and power consumption are analytically expressed in device parameters from its small‐signal equivalent circuit. The effect of the common‐gate transistor in each performance factor is evaluated at the target frequency of 17‐GHz ISM band. At this frequency, power gain and noise factor are degraded, which result from the common‐gate transistor. Figure of merit of LNAs is also optimized. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 646–649, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23163
A varactorless CMOS direct‐injection locked frequency divider
Authors: Jang S.‐L. , Liu C.‐C. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThis paper presents a new integrated direct‐injection locked frequency (ILFD) with the capability of quadrature generation. The circuit consists of a quadrature VCO, based on the cross‐coupling of two differential LC‐tank VCOs and with the coupling transistors placed in parallel with the switch transistors, and two direct injection MOSFETs. No varactors are used, and feedback is applied for frequency tuning. The circuit is implemented using a standard 0.35 μm CMOS process. Measurement results show that at the supply voltage of 3.3 V, the core power consumption is 27 mW. The free‐running ILFD is tunable from 1.5 to 1.98 GHz and the locking range is 2.92–4.26 GHz at 0 dBm. The measured phase noise of free‐running ILFD is −118.3 dBc/Hz while the locked quadrature output phase noise is −126.7 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset frequency from the oscillation frequency of 1.98 GHz, which is 8.4 dB lower than the free running ILFD. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 608–611, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23165
Bridged‐shunt‐series peaking technique for a 3.1 10.6 GHz ultra‐wideband CMOS low noise amplifier
Authors: Lin Yu‐Liang , Liao Hsien‐Yuan , Chiou Hwann‐Kaeo 
Published: January 2008

AbstractAn ultra‐wideband 3.1–10.6‐GHz low noise amplifier (LNA) adopting inductive peaking technique for bandwidth extension is presented. Fabricated in a 0.18‐μm CMOS process, the proposed circuit can both satisfy the maximum bandwidth and the maximally flat response. The feedback resistor provides good input match while contributing a small amount in noise figure degradation. The presented LNA achieves a maximum power gain of 14.1 dB within a 3‐dB bandwidth from 2.2 to 11 GHz and a good noise figure from 3.4 to 4.5 dB in the entire UWB band, and an IIP3 better than −3 dBm while drawing 30 mW from a 1.5‐V supply. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 575–578, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23166
Efficient finite element solution of low‐frequency scattering problems via anisotropic metamaterial layers
Authors: Ozgun Ozlem , Kuzuoglu Mustafa 
Published: January 2008

AbstractWe introduce a new technique which remedies the drawbacks in the Finite Element solution of low‐frequency electromagnetic scattering problems, through the usage of an anisotropic metamaterial layer which is designed by employing the coordinate transformation approach. The usual finite element method should utilize a “challenging” mesh generation scheme to accurately simulate the “small” objects in scattering problems; on the contrary, the proposed technique provides a considerable reduction in the number of unknowns, and requires a more convenient and simpler mesh structure inside the computational domain. The most interesting feature of the proposed method is its capability to handle arbitrarily shaped “small” scatterers by using a “single” mesh and by modifying only the constitutive parameters inside the matamaterial layer. We report some numerical results for two‐dimensional electromagnetic scattering problems. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 639–646, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23167
Simulation and timing performances of integrated waveguides for ultra‐high speed interconnects
Authors: Urbano Davide , Arnieri Emilio , Cappuccino Gregorio , Amendola Giandomenico 
Published: January 2008

AbstractIntegrated circuit technology is causing system designs to move toward complex architectures, requiring communication channels characterized by ever increasing capacity. In this context, classical metallic interconnects become a bottleneck, owing to the power consumption, crosstalk, and signal integrity issues. Substrate integrated waveguides (SIW) are a potential technological solution to overcome traditional interconnect limitations. In this article, the authors present frequency and time domain analysis of these structures, comparing two different SIW structures in terms of time and signal dispersion performances. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 666–672, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23168
Design of high‐performance broadband multisection symmetrical 3‐DB directional couplers
Authors: Gruszczynski Slawomir , Wincza Krzysztof 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThe influence of discontinuity effects on the performance of symmetrical multisection coupled‐line directional couplers designed in a stripline technique has been comprehensively investigated, for the first time. It has been shown that the connections between coupled‐line sections introduce parasitic reactances which deteriorate the isolations and return losses of designed couplers and also that the recently developed method of capacitive compensation can be applied to improve couplers' performance. A three‐section symmetrical 3‐dB directional coupler has been designed and measured. The measurement results validate the presented analyses. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 636–638, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23169
Effect of cylinder spacing on reflection and propagation of substrate‐integrated waveguide
Authors: Wang Lei , Che Wenquan , Wang Chao , Chang Yumei , Wang Zhanxian 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThe effects of cylinder spacing on the reflection and propagation of substrate‐integrated waveguide (SIW) are investigated in this article. The reflection and propagation characteristics of SIW are simulated with HFSS in cases of different cylinder spacings. The simulation results show that, the cylinder spacing of SIW has much flexibility of selection, the return loss and insertion loss can be kept almost unchanged, provided that the cylinder spacings W <λ/10. The propagation constants in cases of different cylinder spacing are calculated, little change can be observed if W <λ/10. In addition, the leakage losses of the SIW in case of different cylinder spacing is calculated, same conclusion can be observed, i.e., the leakage loss is relatively small if the cylinder spacing W <λ/10. This observation is interesting and useful for practical engineering design of SIW‐based circuits. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 604–608, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23171