bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrochemical behaviors of poly(ferrocenylsilane) solutions
Authors: Wang Xue‐Jie , Wang Li , Wang Jian‐Jun , Chen Tao 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe electrochemical behaviors of two kinds of poly(ferrocenylsilanes) (PFS) with different substituent groups in CH2Cl2 solutions were investigated by means of cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance. The results demonstrated that the CV processes of the PFS on the glass carbon electrode surface in CH2Cl2 solutions are the diffusion‐controlled reversible processes. The oxidative state of PFS forms an adsorption layer on the electrode surface during the oxidation process. The interaction of active ferrocene centers along the main chain induces the stepwise redox process, and makes the CV waves of the PFS solutions present two couples of peaks. The diffusion coefficients of PFS in CH2Cl2 solution are much larger than those of PFS in films. The different electrochemical behaviors of the two PFS solutions indicated that the molecular structure of polymer has influence on the electrochemical properties of the PFS. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 789–794, 2007
Truncated midkine correlates with sensitivity to anticancer drugs and malignancy in human tumor cell line
Authors: Akuzawa Natsuyo , Nobata Shigenori , Shinozawa Takao 
Published: October 2006

AbstractMidkine (MK) is a heparin binding growth factor having functions of neurite‐outgrowth, mitogenesis and tissue repair. This molecule is involved in tumor growth and metastasis. The MK molecule consists of five exons, but there is a truncated isoform, lacking exon 3. We established SW13 cells transfected with the human truncated MK cDNA. These cells were induced to undergo apoptosis by anticancer agents, cisplatin, etoposide (ETP), mitomycin C (MMC) and paclitaxel (PAX). Truncated midkine (tMK) suppressed cell death and helped the cells to be viable. When the cells were cultured on dishes coated with extracellular matrix molecules, spontaneous detachment occurred in the tMK expressing cells. Also tMK enhanced cell invasion. These results suggest that expression of tMK has cell‐protective functions and plays important roles in carcinogenesis and malignancy. Furthermore, it is suggested that tMK has a greater ability of malignant transformation than full‐length MK. Whether tMK is expressed or not will be useful information for improving cancer chemotherapy. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fluorescent Perylene Diimide Rotaxanes: Spectroscopic Signatures of Wheel–Chromophore Interactions
Authors: Baggerman Jacob , Jagesar Dhiredj C. , Vallée Renaud A. L. , Hofkens Johan , De Schryver Frans C. , Schelhase Frauke , Vögtle Fritz , Brouwer Albert M. 
Published: October 2006

Abstract[2]‐ and [3]‐rotaxanes with a tetraphenoxy perylene diimide core were synthesized. Hydrogen bonding between the wheel and the imide changes the optical properties of the perylene chromophore: the absorption and fluorescence spectra are red‐shifted. The decay times of the rotaxanes are shorter in comparison with that of the axle. Single molecule fluorescence measurements reveal relatively narrow distributions of emission maxima and decay times. The averages are in agreement with ensemble measurements. The observed red shifts make the perylene diimide a suitable chromophore for sensing the position of the wheel on the axle.
Performance evaluation of non‐Gaussian channel estimation techniques on ultrawideband impulse radio channels
Authors: Barton Richard J. , Daniel Manoj 
Published: October 2006

AbstractWe study the problem of adaptive channel estimation for a multipath channel on an ultrawideband (UWB) impulse radio (IR) system. The purpose of the work is to demonstrate that the statistical characteristics of the UWB‐IR environment are strongly non‐Gaussian and that as a result, non‐Gaussian signal processing techniques are both efficient and powerful in a UWB‐IR environment. The multipath channel estimation problem has been chosen as an illustrative example because UWB‐IR systems often operate in complex multipath environments. We study both blind and training‐based estimation techniques and demonstrate that even simple non‐Gaussian strategies can achieve significant performance improvement when compared to more common second‐order estimation techniques. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cycloaddition approach to the curing of polyimides via precursor containing thiophene‐S,S‐dioxide
Authors: Magyarosy Andrew , Mohareb Rafat M. , Ho Jonathan Z. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA new method for linear polymerization of maleimides via the Diels–Alder reaction has been developed. This method involves use of a new cross‐linking agent, benzene‐3,4‐dimethylenesuccinimide, which can be generated in situ from its thiophene precursor, benzene‐2,5‐dihydrothiophene‐3,4‐dicarboximide‐S,S‐dioxide. This new cross‐linking agent is reasonably reactive, readily prepared, and stable at room temperature. A controlled molecular weight oligomer has been synthesized and applied to the polymerization to yield a highly thermal stable polyimide. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 17:648–652, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20249
Molecular effects of sodium hyaluronate on the healing of avian supracoracoid tendon tear: According to in situ hybridization and real‐time polymerase chain reaction
Authors: Shimpuku Eiji , Hamada Kazutoshi , Handa Akiyoshi , Kobayashi Kunihiko , Nakajima Tomotaka , Yamazaki Hitoshi , Nakamura Masato , Fukuda Hiroaki , Mochida Joji 
Published: October 2006

AbstractHyluronic acid (HA) on tissue healing has been controversial. We examined the molecular pharmacology of HA injection at the suture site in an acute model of supracoracoid tendon laceration using chickens, an injury of a nonweight‐bearing joint considered similar to the human shoulder. Expression of mRNAs encoding α I (I) and αI (III) procollagens was localized using in situ hybridization (ISH). Intensities of mRNA expression for α I (I) and α I (III) procollagens, transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐ β1), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), and insulin‐like growth factor (IGF) were determined by quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR). Histologically, chickens with HA injection (HA group) showed early restoration of continuity at the laceration site than saline‐injection controls (saline‐injection group). By ISH, the expression rate of cells at the lesion site that contained α I (I) and α I (III) procollagen mRNAs were somewhat higher in the HA group than in the saline‐injection group. By RT‐PCR, the HA‐ and saline‐injection groups showed no significant difference in expression of α I (I) and α I (III) procollagen mRNA between weeks 1 and 6. The saline ‐injection group exhibited significant decrease in TGF‐β1 expression between weeks 1 and 3, and in bFGF expression between weeks 1 and 2; however, the HA group showed no such decrease. As for IGF, no difference was appreciable in both groups between weeks 1 and 6. A single injection of HA could cause earlier restoration of continuity at the lacerated site of the supracoracoid tendon. © 2006 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 25:173–184, 2007
Onium Salts of Amino Acids as Co‐Initiators in Photoinduced Free‐Radical Polymerization
Authors: Ścigalski Franciszek , Kryszak Magdalena , Jędrzejewska Beata , Pączkowski Jerzy 
Published: October 2006

AbstractSummary: The onium salts of selected aliphatic and aromatic amino acids were investigated as electron donors in photoinduced free radical polymerization, in conjunction with either DIBF or BP as sensitizer. The laser flash photolysis experiments unmistakably documented that the free radical formation occurs via an electron transfer reaction from the amino acid salt to the chromophore triplet state. The kinetic studies clearly showed that either the DIBF or BP onium salts of selected aliphatic and aromatic sulfur‐containing amino acids exhibit a significant increase in the efficiency of free‐radical polymerization of TMPTA as compared to non‐sulfur‐containing co‐initiators and that the efficiency of all tested electron donors is only slightly dependent on the cation type coupled with co‐initiators tested.Possible mechanism for the free radical photoinitiated polymerization.magnified imagePossible mechanism for the free radical photoinitiated polymerization.
Organoclay Nanocomposites from Ethylene–Acrylic Acid Copolymers
Authors: Filippi Sara , Marazzato Cristina , Magagnini Pierluigi , Minkova Liliya , Dintcheva Nadka Tzankova , La Mantia Francesco P. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractSummary: A study of the structure–property relationships for nanocomposites prepared by melt compounding from ethylene–acrylic acid copolymers of varied composition and molecular architecture, and organoclays modified with different ammonium ions has been made by DSC, POM, SEM, TEM, WAXD, and rheological and mechanical tests. Within the series of clays investigated, the best levels of dispersion were displayed by those organically modified with quaternary ammonium ions containing two long alkyl tails. The relevant nanocomposites were shown to possess mixed exfoliated and intercalated morphology. The spacing of the intercalated clay stacks, most of which comprise few silicate layers, was found to be independent of clay loading, in the range of 2–50 phr, and to change with the molecular architecture of the matrix polymer. An indication that the excess surfactant present in some of the clays, and the organic material added in others to expand the interlayer spacing, were expelled from the clay galleries during melt blending and acted as plasticisers for the matrix polymer, was obtained from WAXD and rheological characterisations.TEM micrograph of the nanocomposite of EAA1 with 11 phr of 15A.magnified imageTEM micrograph of the nanocomposite of EAA1 with 11 phr of 15A.
Thermosensitive Poly[(2‐(diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate)‐co‐(N,N‐dimethylacrylamide)] Cryogels Prepared by a Two‐Step Polymerization Method
Authors: Caykara Tuncer , Küçüktepe Sıla , Turan Eylem 
Published: October 2006

AbstractSummary: Temperature‐sensitive P(DEAEMA‐co‐DMAAm) cryogels with five different DMAAm contents were synthesized via a two‐step polymerization method, the initial polymerization being conducted for various times at 22 °C, followed by polymerization at −26 °C for 24 h. The influence of the first‐step time and the content of DMAAm on the swelling ratio and network parameters such as the polymer/solvent interaction parameter, the average molecular mass between crosslinks, and the mesh size of the cryogels were reported and discussed. The swelling studies indicated that the swelling increased in the following order: 22C45 > 22C30 > 22C15 > 22C0. The cryogels exhibited swelling/deswelling transitions (reentrant phenomena) in water depending on temperature. These properties were attributed to the macroporous and regularly arranged network of the cryogels. Scanning electron microscope graphs reveal that the macroporous network structure of the cryogels can be adjusted by applying a two‐step polymerization.Chemical structure of the P(DEAEMA‐co‐DMAAm) cryogels.magnified imageChemical structure of the P(DEAEMA‐co‐DMAAm) cryogels.
Absence of upregulated genes associated with protein accumulations in desmin myopathy
Authors: Raju Raghavan , Dalakas Marinos C. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractIn desmin myopathy but not hereditary inclusion‐body myopathy (hIBM), there is accumulation of myofibrillar proteins including desmin, myotilin, dystrophin, gelsolin, actin, and CDC kinase. To assess the cause of protein excess, we studied the genes coding the accumulated proteins in desmin myopathy, hIBM, and controls. No differences were found among them. In desmin myopathy, protein accumulation is not due to upregulation of genes triggered by mutant desmin, but rather to posttranslational disassembly of intermediate filaments. Muscle Nerve, 2006
Granulomatous myositis: A clinical study of thirteen cases
Authors: Roux Karine Le , Streichenberger Nathalie , Vial Christophe , Petiot Philippe , Feasson Leonard , Bouhour Françoise , Ninet Jacques , Lachenal Florence , Broussolle Christiane , Sève Pascal 
Published: October 2006

AbstractGranulomatous myositis (GM) is a rare condition that has generally been described in association with sarcoidosis. In the absence of sarcoidosis or other underlying disease, a diagnosis of isolated GM is considered. Only one study has focused on the clinical difference between isolated GM and sarcoid myopathy (SM). We report 13 cases of symptomatic GM; 8 had sarcoidosis. All patients with sarcoidosis had predominantly proximal, symmetrical lower‐limb weakness, and 3 subsequently developed upper‐limb or distal involvement. Three of the five patients with isolated GM had predominantly distal muscle involvement, and two had dysphagia. Corticosteroid treatment was followed by prolonged improvement in only one patient with sarcoidosis. One patient had acute sarcoid myositis and benefited from methotrexate; other immunosuppressants and etanercept proved ineffective in chronic sarcoid myopathy. Three of the five patients with isolated GM responded to corticosteroid treatment. When last examined, three patients with sarcoidosis had severe disability, whereas patients with isolated GM showed milder weakness. Thus, SM was frequently associated with severe disability and rarely improved after corticosteroid treatment, whereas most patients with isolated GM improved. Muscle Nerve, 2006
High‐order difference schemes for 2D elliptic and parabolic problems with mixed derivatives
Authors: Karaa Samir 
Published: October 2006

AbstractWe propose a 9‐point fourth‐order finite difference scheme for 2D elliptic problems with a mixed derivative and variable coefficients. The same approach is extended to derive a class of two‐level high‐order compact schemes with weighted time discretization for solving 2D parabolic problems with a mixed derivative. The schemes are fourth‐order accurate in space and second‐ or lower‐order accurate in time depending on the choice of a weighted average parameter μ. Unconditional stability is proved for 0.5 ≤ μ ≤ 1, and numerical experiments supporting our theoretical analysis and confirming the high‐order accuracy of the schemes are presented. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 23: 366–378, 2007
Solution of a semilinear parabolic equation with an unknown control function using the decomposition procedure of Adomian
Authors: Dehghan Mehdi , Tatari Mehdi 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe investigation of nonclassical parabolic initial‐boundary value problems, which involve an integral over the spatial domain of a function of the desired solution, is of considerable concern. In this article a parabolic partial differential equation subject to energy overspecification is studied. This problem is appeared in modeling of many physical phenomena. The Adomian decomposition method, which is an efficient method for solving various class of problems, is employed for solving this model. This method provides an analytical solution in terms of an infinite convergent power series. Some examples are reported to support the simplicity of the decomposition procedure of Adomian. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 2007
Using empirical Eigenfunctions and Galerkin method to two‐phase transport models
Authors: Shidfar Abdollah , Mohammadi Masoumeh 
Published: October 2006

AbstractIn this article, we consider a nonlinear partial differential system describing two‐phase transports and try to recover the source term and the nonlinear diffusion term when the state variable is known at different profile times. To this end, we use a POD‐Galerkin procedure in which the proper orthogonal decomposition technique is applied to the ensemble of solutions to derive empirical eigenfunctions. These empirical eigenfunctions are then used as basis functions within a Galerkin method to transform the partial differential equation into a set of ordinary differential equations. Finally, the validation of the used method has been evaluated by some numerical examples. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 23: 456–474, 2007
On splitting‐based mass and total energy conserving arbitrary order shallow‐water schemes
Authors: Skiba Yuri N. , Filatov Denis M. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA new method for numerical solution to the shallow‐water equations is suggested. The method allows constructing a family of finite difference schemes of different approximation order that conserve the mass and the total energy. Our approach is based on the method of splitting, and unlike others it permits to derive conservative numerical schemes after discretizing all the partial derivatives, both spatial and temporal. The schemes thus appear to be fully discrete, both in time and in space. Besides, due to a simple structure of the matrices appeared therewith, the method provides essential benefits in the computational cost of solution and is easy‐to‐implement in the Cartesian and spherical geometries. Numerical results confirm functionality and efficiency of the developed method. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 2007
Nanofabrication of aligned conducting polymers
Authors: Acik Muge , Sonmez Gursel 
Published: October 2006

AbstractPoly(pyrrole), poly(N‐methyl pyrrole), poly(thiophene) and poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) nano‐arrays, nano‐fibers and nano‐tubes have been successively synthesized using polycarbonate and alumina membranes as templates. Oxidative chemical polymerization method was used to produce nano‐structured conducting polymers with diameters in the range of 80–350 nm and the size of the resulting polymer was controlled with the pore size of membrane. Preliminary results showed that highly oriented polymers are promising materials for many applications including supercapacitors, sensors and photonic devices. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On‐line identification of phenolic compounds of Trifolium species using HPLC‐UV‐MS and post‐column UV‐derivatisation
Authors: Polasek Johanne , Queiroz Emerson F. , Hostettmann Kurt 
Published: October 2006

AbstractIn an ongoing search for new active compounds in the field of phytoestrogens, a simple HPLC‐UV‐MS method has been developed in order to identify phenolic compounds. The study was performed on three different species of Trifolium (Leguminosae), namely Trifolium pratense L., T. pallescens Schreb. and T. alpinum L, collected in Switzerland. The comparison between the dichloromethane extracts revealed that the main aglycones are present in the three species whereas the methanolic extracts show different glycosides and malonate derivatives. The compounds of interest were mainly flavonoids, isoflavonoids and clovamides. Their identities were confirmed from retention times, UV and MS analyses and UV shifts following post‐column derivatisation. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of chain length on the aggregation of model polyglutamine peptides: Molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Marchut Alexander J. , Hall Carol K. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractAggregation in the brain of polyglutamine‐containing proteins is either a cause or an associated symptom of nine hereditary neurodegenerative disorders including Huntington's disease. The molecular level mechanisms by which these proteins aggregate are still unclear. In an effort to shed light on this important phenomenon, we are investigating the aggregation of model polyglutamine peptides using molecular‐level computer simulation with a simplified model of polyglutamine that we have developed. This model accounts for the most important types of intra‐ and inter‐molecular interactions—hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions—while allowing the folding process to be simulated in a reasonable time frame. The model is used to examine the folding of isolated polyglutamine peptides 16, 32, and 48 residues long and the folding and aggregation of systems of 24 model polyglutamine peptides 16, 24, 32, 36, 40, and 48 residues long. Although the isolated polyglutamine peptides did form some α and β backbone–backbone hydrogen bonds they did not have as many of these bonds as they would have if they had folded into a complete α helix or β sheet. In one of the simulations on the isolated polyglutamine peptide 48 residues long, we observed a structure that resembles a β helix. In the multi‐chain simulations we observed amorphous aggregates at low temperatures, ordered aggregates with significant β sheet character at intermediate temperatures, and random coils at high temperatures. We have found that the temperature at which the model peptides undergo the transition from amorphous aggregates to ordered aggregates and the temperature at which the model peptides undergo the transition from ordered aggregates to random coils increase with increasing chain length. Our finding that the stability of the ordered aggregates increases as the peptide chain length increases may help to explain the experimentally observed relation between polyglutamine tract length and aggregation in vitro and disease progression in vivo. We have also observed in our simulations that the optimal temperature for the formation of β sheets increases with chain length up to 36 glutamine residues but not beyond. Equivalently, at fixed temperature we find a transition from a region dominated by random coils at chain lengths less than 36 to a region dominated by relatively ordered β sheet structures at chain lengths greater than 36. Our finding of this critical chain length of 36 glutamine residues is interesting because a critical chain length of 37 glutamine residues has been observed experimentally. Proteins 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
SmiLib v2.0: A Java‐Based Tool for Rapid Combinatorial Library Enumeration
Authors: Schüller Andreas , Hähnke Volker , Schneider Gisbert 
Published: October 2006

AbstractAn updated version of the SMILIB software tool for rapid combinatorial library enumeration was developed. SmiLib v2.0 offers the possibility to construct very large combinatorial libraries using the flexible and portable SMILES format. Libraries were created at rates of approximately 8 700 000 molecules per minute. Combinatorial building blocks are attached to scaffolds by means of linkers rather than to concatenate them directly. This allows for creation of customized libraries using linkers of different sizes and chemical nature. New features are: platform independence, correct handling of stereo chemistry, flexible reaction schemes, improved usability, a unique identifier for each molecule, the option to create libraries in SD format, a conformity check for SmiLib v2.0 SMILES notation restrictions, and decreased library enumeration times. SmiLib v2.0 is available as interactive graphical user interface application and command line tool.