bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radiofrequency Volumetric Tissue Reduction for Treatment of Turbinate Hypertrophy: A Pilot Study
Authors: Li Kasey K. , Powell Nelson B. , Riley Robert W. , Troell Robert J. , Guilleminault Christian 
Published: November 2005

OBJECTIVESIdeal treatment for nasal obstruction caused by turbinate hypertrophy remains in question. Medical therapy is often ineffective. Surgical procedures have associated morbidity including pain, bleeding, crusting, adhesion, infection, and dryness. Radiofrequency has recently been shown to be safe and effective in volumetric tissue reduction of the tongue in the animal model and of the palate in human beings. We prospectively evaluate the safety and effectiveness of radiofrequency volumetric tissue reduction (RFVTR) for the treatment of nasal obstruction caused by inferior turbinate hypertrophy.METHODSTwenty‐two consecutive patients with nasal obstruction and associated inferior turbinate hypertrophy refractory to medical therapy were evaluated for RFVTR. The study design limited the region of treatment to the anterior third of the inferior turbinate. The procedures were performed in an ambulatory facility with patients under local anesthesia. Clinical examinations, patient questionnaires, and visual analog scales were used to assess treatment outcomes.RESULTSNo adverse effects were encountered, including bleeding, crusting, dryness, infection, adhesion, or a worsening of obstruction. Mild edema was noted in all patients but was of short duration (24 to 48 hours). Posttreatment discomfort was well controlled with acetaminophen. Eight weeks after treatment, nasal breathing improved in 21 of 22 patients, with a 58.5% reduction in severity and a 56.5% decrease in the frequency of nasal obstruction.CONCLUSIONThe results of this study demonstrate that RFVTR of the hypertrophic inferior turbinate is associated with minimal adverse effects. Furthermore, this new treatment modality achieves subjective improvement in patients with symptoms of nasal obstruction. However, because of the small sample size and short follow‐up, future investigations are needed to fully evaluate the use of RFVTR in the treatment of nasal obstruction caused by turbinate hypertrophy.
Protection against Aminoglycoside Otic Drop‐Induced Ototoxicity by a Spin Trap: I. Acute Effects
Authors: Hester T. Oma , Jones Raleigh O. , Clerici William J. 
Published: November 2005

Topical administration of aminoglycoside antibiotic drops containing neomycin and polymyxin B disrupts cochlear structure and function in rodents, possibly as a result of reactive oxygen species generation. This study investigated the ability of a spin trap, α‐phenyl‐tert‐butyl‐nitrone (PBN), to prevent acute aminoglycoside antibiotic drop‐induced cochlear dysfunction. Guinea pigs were monitored for compound action potential thresholds and 1.0 μV root‐mean‐square cochlear microphonic isopotential curve values, then injected intraperitoneally with PBN (60 mg/kg) or saline solution. After 10 minutes, 50 μl of PBN (100 mmol/L) or artificial perilymph was applied to the round window membrane, followed after 10 minutes with artificial perilymph or aminoglycoside antibiotic drops (50 μl). From 10 to 60 minutes after exposure, mean compound action potential thresholds progressively increased in the artificial perilymph‐aminoglycoside antibiotic drop group, beginning with high frequencies and later including ever‐lower frequencies. These threshold shifts in compound action potentials were significantly greater (p < 0.05) than those seen in the artificial perilymph‐artificial perilymph or PBN‐aminoglycoside antibiotic drop groups. This finding indicates that PBN provided protection against acute aminoglycoside antibiotic drop‐induced compound action potential threshold sensitivity loss. Mean cochlear microphonic shift values at 60 minutes in the artificial perilymph‐aminoglycoside antibiotic drop group significantly exceeded those of the other groups only at the highest frequencies. These data suggest that acute aminoglycoside antibiotic drop‐induced cochlear disruption primarily affects high frequency compound action potential function and may be partially reactive oxygen species‐mediated and preventable.
Acute Intracranial Complications of Temporal Bone Trauma
Authors: Alvi Aijaz , Bereliani Arash 
Published: November 2005

Temporal bone trauma can be disastrous for the individual and his or her family. With the increase in violent crime throughout our society, the number of intracranial complications associated with temporal bone injury has increased significantly. Although multiple reports concerning the diagnosis and management of temporal bone trauma have been published, few studies on its intracranial complications have been addressed. In this study, we assessed the cases of 43 patients treated for temporal bone fractures between January 1992 and December 1994. The number of temporal bone fractures increased from 6 in 1992 to 21 in 1994. Twenty‐one patients (49%) presented with decreased mental status. Significant alcohol and drug use was documented in 28% and 58% of patients, respectively. The most common radiologic finding was skull and intracranial injury. Thirty‐six patients (84%) had at least one abnormal intracranial finding; of these patients, 14 (39%) had more than one abnormal finding on computed tomography. Cerebral midline shift, subarachnoid hemorrhage, subdural hemorrhage, and cerebral edema were the most common radiologic findings. Nineteen patients (44%) required an open neurosurgical procedure, and almost all patients with more than one abnormal radiologic finding underwent neurosurgery (86%). Seven patients required further institutional care after discharge. Four patients died (9% mortality); all the deaths were neurologically related. Mean hospital charges increased from $30,900 in 1992 to $63,000 in 1994.
Plasmacytomas of the Head and Neck
Authors: Miller Frank R. , Lavertu Drs. Pierre , Wanamaker John R. , Bonafede Joseph , Wood Benjamin G. 
Published: November 2005

Plasmacytomas are rare tumors that often appear in the head and neck region and are characterized by a monoclonal proliferation of plasma cells. On both clinical presentation and pathologic examination these tumors may be confused with more common tumors of the head and neck. The purpose of this article is to review our experience with these rare neoplasms, with emphasis on clinical, pathologic, and therapeutic features. On retrospective chart review, we identified 20 patients with the diagnosis of plasmacytoma of the head and neck region at the Cleveland Clinic Foundation between 1976 and 1993. Records were reviewed with regard to initial symptoms, location of the neoplasm, diagnostic evaluation, treatment modalities, and survival. Of the 20 cases we identified, the tumor arose in the sinonasal/nasopharyngeal region in 11 (55%). Two cases (10%) represented medullary plasmacytomas, arising in the clavicle and presenting as supraclavicular masses. The mean follow‐up was 60.2 months (range 6 to 131 months). In 15 of the 20 cases, immunohistochemistry staining for immunoglobulin light chain production was conducted. One of the two cases (50%) classified as medullary plasmacytoma demonstrated conversion to multiple myeloma, whereas only 2 of 18 cases of extramedullary plasmacytoma (11%) converted to multiple myeloma. The primary modality of treatment was radiation therapy with typical doses of 4500 to 6000 cGy. Kaplan‐Meier survival estimates demonstrated 95% survival at 1 year, 82% survival at 5 years, and 10‐year estimated survival of 72%. Plasmacytomas of the head and neck region are rare and on initial evaluation must be distinguished from multiple myeloma. The diagnostic evaluation includes appropriate radiologic and pathologic studies including immunohistochemistry. Despite the typical presentation as a locally destructive tumor, plasmacytomas are highly radiosensitive, and 70% to 80% survival may be obtained with the use of radiotherapy. Patients with plasmacytomas require long‐term follow‐up to detect conversion to multiple myeloma.
Immunotherapy for Allergic Fungal Sinusitis: Three Years' Experience
Authors: Mabry Richard L. , Marple Bradley F. , Folker Randy J. , Mabry Cynthia S. 
Published: November 2005

Since August 1994, we have treated patients with histologically proven allergic fungal sinusitis with surgery followed by immunotherapy, employing fungal and nonfungal antigens to which hypersensitivity has been demonstrated. Our results continue to be encouraging. Not only have we encountered no indication that fungal immunotherapy has worsened these patients' condition or caused a recurrence of disease, we have confirmed dramatic improvement in these patients compared with the generally accepted course of this disease. Of 11 patients who have received immunotherapy for 1 to 3 years (mean 28 months), none has required regular or frequent treatment with a single brief course of systemic steroids, and only three are receiving topical nasal steroids. No repeat surgeries for recurrent allergic fungal sinusitis have been required in the treatment group. This combination of surgery and immunotherapy has continued to prove beneficial, and we urge others to consider this approach to therapy.
Tumor reduction in vivo after adenoviral mediated gene transfer of the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase gene and ganciclovir treatment in human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Goebel Eric A. , Davidson Beverly L. , Graham Scott M. , Kern Jeffrey A. 
Published: November 2005

Gene transfer offers the possibility of novel therapies for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). To this end, we demonstrate that a replication deficient adenovirus vector (Ad.RSVlacZ) can efficiently transduce foreign genes into human HNSCC cell lines in vitro, and that adenoviral mediated transfer of herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (Ad.RSVtk) followed by exposure to ganciclovir results in tumor cell killing in vitro and in vivo. Exposure to Ad.RSVlacZ resulted in lacZ expression at multiplicities of infection (MOIs) of 10 and 100 for the cell lines HEp‐2 and FaDu, respectively. This increased to 97% (HEp‐2) and 49% (FaDu) at an MOI of 10,000. For HEp‐2, maximum expression occurred during the first 48 hours after exposure (52% at 24 hours, 48% at 48 hours; MOI 500), then declined by 40% per day. This rapid decline may be caused by dilution of the gene through cell proliferation, because normalizing for the increase in total protein shows that the total number of cells expressing lacZ is stable from days 1 to 4. FaDu and HEp‐2 were then transduced by AD.RSVtk and exposed to 20 μM ganciclovir for 24 hours. Significant tumor cell killing, as measured by a colony forming assay, occurred at an MOI of 2 for HEp‐2 and 20 for FaDu. At an MOI of 200, 100% of HEp‐2 and 97% of FaDu cells were killed. Next, subcutaneous tumor nodules derived from FaDu and HEp‐2 were established in the flanks of SCID mice. Direct intratumoral injection of Ad.RSVtk followed by 7 days of ganciclovir therapy resulted in an adenovirus dose dependent reduction of tumor growth, and an actual size reduction of established tumor nodules at the highest does (1010 plaque forming units). In conclusion, an adenovirus vector can efficiently transduce HNSCC cell lines in vitro. Maximum marker gene expression occurred during the first 48 hours after transduction. Transduction by Ad.RSVtk followed by exposure to ganciclovir resulted in tumor cell killing in vitro and in vivo.
Is postoperative intensive care monitoring necessary after uvulopalatopharyngoplasty?
Authors: Mickelson Samuel A. , Hakim Ishrat 
Published: November 2005

We conducted a retrospective review of 347 consecutive patients who underwent surgical treatment for obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. We analyzed perioperative data to identify the nature and rate of complications in an attempt to determine whether intensive care unit monitoring is needed after uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP) and associated procedures including septoplasty, tonsillectomy, turbinate reduction, geniohyoid advancement, and tracheostomy. In the 347 cases, 14 complications occurred (4%), including 5 involving the airway, 5 postoperative hemorrhages, and 4 complications classed as “other,” including dehiscence of a tracheostomy flap, abdominal ileus, urine retention, and increased creatinine concentration. We found no difference between preoperative lowest oxygen saturation and oxygen‐saturation readings in the postoperative period and no correlation between complication rate and apnea severity. An association was detected between multiple simultaneous procedures and the development of complications: 50% of the patients in whom complications developed had undergone nasal procedures along with UPPP, compared with only 15% of the patients without complications. Except for one patient, all complications that occurred on the surgical ward were treated without transfer to the intensive care unit. Although surgery on the upper airway must be performed with caution in patients with sleep apnea, our findings suggest that UPPP is a safe procedure and that postoperative monitoring in an intensive care setting is not necessary for most patients.
Differential expression of the murine Ly‐6A/E antigen homolog of human squamous cell carcinoma antigen E48 during malignant transformation and tumor progression of squamous cell carcinoma line Pam 212
Authors: Kato Taiji , Dong Gang , Loukinova Elena , Chen Zhong , Waes Carter Van 
Published: November 2005

The mRNA differential display method detected increased expression of the mRNA of an immune recognition antigen known as Ly‐6A/E after malignant transformation of the murine squamous cell carcinoma line Pam 212. Subsequent loss of expression of Ly‐6A/E occurred with metastatic tumor progression of Pam in vivo. Ly‐6 molecules have been implicated in immune cell recognition and signal transduction and are homologous to the human E48 SCC antigen that has been shown to be involved in cell‐cell recognition. These observations suggest that loss of Ly‐6A/E antigen may contribute to tumor progression and metastasis of squamous cell carcinoma through decreased tumor‐lymphocyte or tumor‐tumor recognition.
Phonatory results after laser surgery for glottic carcinoma
Authors: Sittel Christian , Eckel Hans‐Edmund , Eschenburg Claudia 
Published: November 2005

OBJECTIVETo identify the influence of type and extent of surgery on postoperative voice parameters after endoscopic laser resection for glottic carcinoma.SETTING AND DESIGNA multidisciplinary university‐based head and neck cancer center. Objective and subjective measures of voice were correlated with type and extent of surgery following a standardized classification in a prospective study including 80 patients.SUBJECTS AND METHODThe postoperative mechanism of phonation was assessed by videostroboscopy 6 months after surgery at the earliest. A phonetogram was produced, and its area was calculated (relative phonetogram [RP]) in relation to a gender‐different normal phonetogram. Two speech therapists (ST) and a trained otolaryngologist (TO) rated each voice independently for communication ability in a grade from 1 (poor) to 5 (near normal).RESULTSAfter simple cordectomy the means were as follows: RP = 24.8%, TO = 3.26, and ST = 3.33. When the anterior commissure was completely preserved, mean results were better (RP = 34%, TO = 3.92, ST = 3.83). Results were worse after extended cordectomy (RP = 14.7%, TO = 2.82, ST = 3.00) and transglottic resection (RP = 13.7%, TO = 2.30, ST = 2.86) but were similar within these two groups. The parameters RP, TO, and ST do not differ significantly between the group who had speech therapy after surgery (n = 33) and the group who did not (n = 47). Voice production at glottic level yields better results for every parameter than supraglottic substitute phonation. The amount of tissue removed was less significant.CONCLUSIONPostoperative phonatory results correlate with the postoperative mechanism of phonation. There is no linear correlation with the amount of tissue removed. Comparison of similar types of resection preservation of the anterior commissure plays a key role. From the data in this study, there is no evidence for a significant benefit from speech therapy. The parameter RP is an effective and relatively simple parameter to complete auditory voice assessment.
Ibuprofen for tonsillectomy pain in children: Efficacy and complications
Authors: Harley Earl H. , Dattolo Robert A. 
Published: November 2005

We designed a prospective, randomized, double‐blind study to test the efficacy and safety of ibuprofen compared with acetaminophen with codeine for pediatric posttonsillectomy/adenotonsillectomy patients. Twenty‐seven children, aged 6 to 16 years, were enrolled. We collected information on pain control, return to normal sleep pattern, return to normal diet, and duration for which medication was required. Coagulation profiles were measured before surgery and on postoperative day 3. Acetaminophen with codeine was more effective in controlling pain on days 1 and 3 (p = 0.0475 and 0.0328, respectively). However, we detected no difference between the treatment groups (p = 0.2216) with regard to pain control on day 5. The ibuprofen group required medication for a longer period (p = 0.0464). We detected no statistically significant differences between groups with regard to return to normal diet (p = 0.2346) and return to normal sleep pattern (p = 0.9554). The postoperative hemorrhage rate was 0% in the acetaminophen‐with‐codeine group and 12.5% in the ibuprofen group. The ibuprofen group demonstrated a mean increase in bleeding time of 2.07 minutes on the third postoperative day (p = 0.0379). The mean change in postoperative bleeding time between the two groups was statistically significant (p = 0.0140). We found no statistically significant differences in prothrombin time and partial thromboplastin time between groups. On the basis of the findings of this pilot study, we conclude that acetaminophen with codeine is safer and more efficacious than ibuprofen in the management of posttonsillectomy/adenotonsillectomy pain in children.
Sharp 𝐿¹ a posteriori error analysis for nonlinear convection-diffusion problems
Authors: Chen Zhiming , Ji Guanghua 
Published: November 2005

We derive sharp

L
∞

(

L
1

)

L^\infty (L^1)

a posteriori error estimates for initial boundary value problems of nonlinear convection-diffusion equations of the form

∂
u

∂
t

+
div
⁡
f
(
u
)
−
Δ
A
(
u
)
=
g

\begin{eqnarray*} \frac {\partial u}{\partial t}+\operatorname {div}f(u)-\Delta A(u)=g \end{eqnarray*}

under the nondegeneracy assumption

A
′

(
s
)
>
0

A’(s)>0

for any

s
∈

R

s\in \mathbb {R}

. The problem displays both parabolic and hyperbolic behavior in a way that depends on the solution itself. It is discretized implicitly in time via the method of characteristic and in space via continuous piecewise linear finite elements. The analysis is based on the Kružkov “doubling of variables” device and the recently introduced “boundary layer sequence” technique to derive the entropy error inequality on bounded domains. The derived a posteriori error estimators have the correct convergence order in the region where the solution is smooth and recover the standard a posteriori error estimators known for parabolic equations with strong diffusions.
Finite element approximation of a phase field model for surface diffusion of voids in a stressed solid
Authors: Barrett John , Garcke Harald , Nürnberg Robert 
Published: November 2005

We consider a fully practical finite element approximation of the degenerate Cahn–Hilliard equation with elasticity: Find the conserved order parameter,

θ
(
x
,
t
)
∈
[
−
1
,
1
]

\theta (x,t)\in [-1,1]

, and the displacement field,

u
_

(
x
,
t
)
∈

R

2

\underline {u}(x,t) \in \mathbb {R}^2

, such that

γ

∂
θ

∂
t

a
m
p
;
=
∇

.

(
b
(
θ
)

∇

[
−
γ

Δ
θ
+

γ

−
1

Ψ
′

(
θ
)
+

1
2

c
′

(
θ
)

C

E

_

_

(

u
_

)
:

E

_

_

(

u
_

)
]

)

,
∇

.

(
c
(
θ
)

C

E

_

_

(

u
_

)
)

a
m
p
;
=

0
_

,

\begin{align*} \gamma \,\textstyle {\frac {\partial \theta }{\partial t}} & = \nabla \,.\, (b(\theta ) \,\nabla \,[- \gamma \, \Delta \theta + \gamma ^{-1}\, \Psi ’(\theta ) + \textstyle \frac 12\,c’(\theta )\,\mathcal {C} \,\underline {\underline {\mathcal {E}}} (\underline {u}): \underline {\underline {\mathcal {E}}} (\underline {u})]\,) \,, \nonumber \nabla \,.\, (c(\theta ) \,\mathcal {C}\, \underline {\underline {\mathcal {E}}} (\underline {u}) ) & = \underline {0}\,, \end{align*}

subject to an initial condition

θ
0

(
⋅
)
∈
[
−
1
,
1
]

\theta ^0(\cdot ) \in [-1,1]

on

θ
\theta

and boundary conditions on both equations. Here

γ
∈

R

>
0

\gamma \in {\mathbb R}_{>0}

is the interfacial parameter,

Ψ
\Psi

is a non-smooth double well potential,

E

_

_

\underline {\underline {\mathcal {E}}}

is the symmetric strain tensor,

C

\mathcal {C}

is the possibly anisotropic elasticity tensor,

c
(
s
)
:=

c
0

+

1
2

(
1
−

c
0

)

(
1
+
s
)

c(s):=c_0+\textstyle \frac 12\,(1-c_0)\,(1+s)

with

c
0

(
γ
)
∈

R

>
0

c_0(\gamma )\in {\mathbb R}_{>0}

and

b
(
s
)
:=
1
−

s
2

b(s):=1-s^2

is the degenerate diffusional mobility. In addition to showing stability bounds for our approximation, we prove convergence, and hence existence of a solution to this nonlinear degenerate parabolic system in two space dimensions. Finally, some numerical experiments are presented.
Classification of microarray data with factor mixture models
Authors: Martella Francesca 
Published: November 2005

AbstractMotivation: The classification of few tissue samples on a very large number of genes represents a non-standard problem in statistics but a usual one in microarray expression data analysis. In fact, the dimension of the feature space (the number of genes) is typically much greater than the number of tissues. We consider high-density oligonucleotide microarray data, where the expression level is associated to an ‘absolute call’, which represents a qualitative indication of whether or not a transcript is detected within a sample. The ‘absolute call’ is generally not taken in consideration in analyses.Results: In contrast to frequently used cluster analysis methods to analyze gene expression data, we consider a problem of classification of tissues and of the variables selection. We adopted methodologies formulated by Ghahramani and Hinton and Rocci and Vichi for simultaneous dimensional reduction of genes and classification of tissues; trying to identify genes (denominated ‘markers’) that are able to distinguish between two known different classes of tissue samples. In this respect, we propose a generalization of the approach proposed by McLachlan et al. by advising to estimate the distribution of log LR statistic for testing one versus two component hypothesis in the mixture model for each gene considered individually, using a parametric bootstrap approach. We compare conditional (on ‘absolute call’) and unconditional analyses performed on dataset described in Golub et al. We show that the proposed techniques improve the results of classification of tissue samples with respect to known results on the same benchmark dataset.Availability: The software of Ghahramani and Hinton is written in Matlab and available in ‘Mixture of Factor Analyzers’ on while the software of Rocci and Vichi is available upon request from the authors.Contact: francesca.martella@uniroma1.it