bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increased ratio between anaerobic and aerobic metabolism in lymphocytes from hyperthyroid patients
Authors: Valdemarsson Stig , Monti Mario 
Published: December 2008

Valdemarsson S, Monti M. Increased ratio between anaerobic and aerobic metabolism in lymphocytes from hyperthyroid patients. Eur J Endocrinol 1994;130:276–80. ISSN 0804–4643
While an increased oxygen consumption is accepted as one consequence of hyperthyroidism, only few data are available on the role of anaerobic processes for the increased metabolic activity in this disease. In this study we evaluated the relative importance of anaerobic and aerobic metabolism for the metabolic activity in lymphocytes from patients before and after treatment for hyperthyroidism. Total lymphocyte heat production rate (P), reflecting total cell metabolic activity, was determined in a plasma lymphocyte suspension using direct microcalorimetry. The contribution from aerobic metabolism (O2 – P) was calculated from the product of the lymphocyte oxygen consumption rate and the enthalpy change for glucose combustion, and the anaerobic contribution as the difference between P and O2 – P. The total lymphocyte heat production rate P was 3.37 ± 0.25 (sem) pW/cell (N = 11) before and 2.50 ± 0.11 pW/cell (N = 10) after treatment for hyperthyroidism (p < 0.01) as compared to 2.32 ± 0.10 pW/cell in a control group (N = 18). The aerobic component O2 – P amounted to 1.83 ± 0.11 pW/cell in the patient group before and 1.83 ± 0.08 pW/cell after treatment and to 1.71 ± 0.16 pW/cell in 10 controls. Out of P, the O2 – P component corresponded to 56.8 ± 4.4% in the hyperthyroid state and to 73.7 ± 3.2% after treatment (p < 0.01) as compared to 73.4 ± 4.4% in the 10 euthyroid controls. It was concluded that the increased metabolic activity demonstrated in lymphocytes from hyperthyroid patients cannot be explained by an increased oxygen-dependent consumption. This suggests that cell function may be comparatively more dependent on anaerobic metabolism during thyroid hormone excess and that adenosine triphosphate generation thereby has to be supplied through an increased metabolism of energy-rich substrates along anaerobic metabolic pathways.
Stig Valdemarsson, Department of Internal Medicine, Lund University Hospital, S-221 85 Lund, Sweden
Cardiac triiodothyronine nuclear receptor binding capacities in amiodarone-treated, hypo- and hyperthyroid rats
Authors: Gotzsche Liv Bjorn-Hansen , Ørskov Hans 
Published: December 2008

Gotzsche LBH, Ørskov H. Cardiac triiodothyronine nuclear receptor binding capacities in amiodaronetreated, hypo- and hyperthyroid rats. Eur J Endocrinol 1994;130:281–90. ISSN 0804–4643
Parameters that are assumed to be under direct control by thyroid hormonal state were evaluated in amiodarone-treated, hypo- and hyperthyroid rats. Special attention was paid to evaluating similarities between hypothyroid and amiodarone-treated rats, with special focus on myocardial nuclear triiodothyronine (T3) receptor binding characteristics. Rats were rendered hypothyroid by adding KCIO4 to the drinking water for 6 weeks (N = 14). Hyperthyroidism was induced by adding 0.003% l-thyroxine to the drinking water for 6 weeks (N = 14). Fourteen rats were treated orally for 6 weeks with amiodarone, whereas 14 rats served as untreated controls. Equilibrium binding characteristics for T3 nuclear receptors were determined by means of a simple and rapid method with excellent reproducibility and sensitivity. Body temperature and heart rate were lowered in hypothyroid and amiodarone-treated rats. Maximum binding capacities ofβ-adrenergic receptors were reduced by 39% and 14% (p < 0.05) in hypothyroid and amiodarone-treated rats, respectively, and increased by 28% (p < 0.05) in hyperthyroid rats. Maximum binding capacities for voltage-operated Ca2+ channels were increased by 35% and 16% in hypothyroid and amiodarone-treated rats (p < 0.05), respectively, and decreased by 24% in hyperthyroid rats (p < 0.05). Maximum binding capacities for T3 receptors (expressed per unit of DNA) were reduced by 39% and 32% in hypothyroid and amiodarone-treated rats (p < 0.05), respectively, and increased by 63% in hyperthyroid rats (p < 0.05). In hypothyroid and amiodarone-treated rats, myocardial T3 content was extremely reduced (less than 0.05 nmol/kg and 0.06 ± 0.08 nmol/kg, respectively, compared with control levels of 1.55 ± 0.46 nmol/kg). In vitro competition studies of amiodarone and its desethylanalogue revealed that both drugs are potentially capable of displacing T3 from its nuclear receptor at concentrations close to what are considered therapeutic drug levels. Myocardial nuclear T3 receptor maximum binding capacities decreased to a similar degree in hypothyroid and amiodarone-treated rats and increased in hyperthyroid rats. Several other similarities between hypothyroid and amiodarone-treated rats suggest that amiodarone may act by inducing a state of thyroid hormonal resistance.
Liv Bjørn-Hansen Gøtzsche, Medical Department (Diabetes and Endocrinology), Århus Kommunehospital, University Hospital of Århus, DK-8000 Århus C, Denmark
Centrally administered vasopressin modifies stress hormone (cortisol, prolactin) secretion in sheep under basal conditions, during restraint and following intravenous corticotrophin-releasing hormone
Authors: Matthews SG , Parrott RF 
Published: December 2008

Matthews SG, Parrott RF. Centrally administered vasopressin modifies stress hormone (cortisol, prolactin) secretion in sheep under basal conditions, during restraint and following intravenous corticotrophin-releasing hormone. Eur J Endocrinol 1994;130:297–301. ISSN 0804–4643
The effects of central (lateral ventricle) injections of vasopressin (2.5, 25 or 250 ng) on cortisol and prolactin release were investigated in castrated male sheep (N = 6) under basal (non-stress) conditions, during 120 min of physical restraint and following peripheral injection of ovine corticotrophin-releasing hormone (oCRH). Cortisol and prolactin concentrations in non-stressed sheep were raised significantly (p < 0.05) in the 120 min following administration of 250 ng of vasopressin. The prolactin response to restraint stress was decreased (p < 0.05) in the 30-min period following central injection of 250 ng of vasopressin. The stimulatory effect of oCRH on cortisol release was enhanced (p < 0.05) by vasopressin (25 and 250 ng), whereas prolactin levels decreased (p < 0.02) in the 30-min period following injection of the highest dose of vasopressin. None of the central doses of vasopressin significantly altered plasma levels of this hormone, although vasopressin secretion was increased during restraint.
SG Matthews, Lawson Research Institute, 268 Grosvenor Street, London, Ontario N64 4V2, Canada
Involvement of autocrine mechanism of transforming growth factor-β in the functional differentiation of pregnant mouse mammary gland
Authors: Yamamoto Toshiya , Komura Hiroko , Morishige Ken-ichirou , Tadokoro Chikae , Sakata Masahiro , Kurachi Hirohisa , Miyake Akira 
Published: December 2008

Yamamoto T, Komura H, Morishige K, Tadokoro C, Sakata M, Kurachi H, Miyake A. Involvement of autocrine mechanism of transforming growth factor-β in the functional differentiation of pregnant mouse mammary gland. Eur J Endocrinol 1994;130:302–7. ISSN 0804–4643
We studied the presence and possible role of the autocrine mechanism of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) in pregnant mouse mammary gland. Northern blot analysis revealed the expression of the TGF-β1 gene transcript at 2.5 kb in mammary epithelial cells isolated from virgin and mid-pregnant mice. The TGF-β activity was higher in the conditioned medium from mid-pregnant mouse mammary explants than that from virgin explants by a bioassay system using mink lung epithelial cells. A binding study using [125I]TGF-β1 as a ligand showed that pregnant mouse mammary epithelial cells possessed a single class of high-affinity TGF-β1 binding sites (Kd = 28.0 pmol/l, 1.2 × 104 sites per cell). These results suggested the presence of a TGF-β autocrine mechanism in pregnant mouse mammary epithelial cells. Next, we examined the effect of TGF-β1 on the functional differentiation of pregnant mouse mammary gland. Transforming growth factor-β1 inhibited α-lactalbumin production in cultured mammary explants from mid-pregnant mice in a dose-dependent manner without inhibiting DNA synthesis. All these results suggest that TGF-β may play a role in regulating the functional differentiation of mouse mammary glands during pregnancy.
Hirohisa Kurachi, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Osaka University Medical School, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565, Japan
Effects of rat corticotrophin-releasing factor, arginine vasopressin and oxytocin on the secretions of adrenocorticotrophic hormone and corticosterone in the fetal rat in late gestation: in vivo and in vitro studies
Authors: Deloof S , Montel V , Chatelain A 
Published: December 2008

Deloof S, Montel V, Chatelain A. Effects of rat corticotrophin-releasing factor, arginine vasopressin and oxytocin on the secretions of adrenocorticotrophic hormone and corticosterone in the fetal rat in late gestation: in vivo and in vitro studies. Eur J Endocrinol 1994;130:313–19. ISSN 0804–4643
The effects of rat corticotrophin-releasing factor (rCRF), arginine vasopressin (AVP) and oxytocin (OT) were investigated in vivo in 21 -day-old rat fetuses injected through the umbilical vein and in vitro on perifused anterior pituitary glands from 21-day-old rat fetuses. In vivo, rCRF (1.25 pmol • 50 μl−1 • fetus−1), AVP (5 pmol • 50 μl−1 •fetus−1) alone and rCRF in association with AVP or oxytocin (12.5 pmol • 50 μl−1 • fetus−1) increased plasma adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) and corticosterone levels only 30 min after the start of injection. During the first 10 min of the sampling period, the injection of these peptides alone or in combination and the injection of saline decreased the plasma ACTH concentration, which was lower than that of uninjected fetuses, but had no effect on the plasma corticosterone concentration. In vitro, the release of ACTH by perifused anterior pituitary glands was increased strongly by rCRF (4 pmol/0.5 ml) but only slightly by AVP (92 pmol/0.5 ml) and oxytocin (198 pmol/0.5 ml). Arginine vasopressin and oxytoxin potentiated the release of ACTH stimulated by rCRF in vitro but not in vivo. Our results suggest that rCRF is the major peptide that controls ACTH secretion in the fetal rat at term. In conclusion, the rise of the ACTH level observed only 30 min after injection of rCRF or AVP suggests the existence of a factor able to inhibit the ACTH response after injection of these peptides. This factor might be elicited by the blood volume expansion.
A Chatelain, Laboratoire de Neuroendocrinologie du Développement, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, Bâtiment SN4, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq cédex, France
Molecular prenatal exclusion of familial partial androgen insensitivity (Reifenstein syndrome)
Authors: Lumbroso Serge , Lobaccaro Jean-Marc , Belon Charles , Amram Serge , Bachelard Bruno , Garandeau Patrick , Sultan Charles 
Published: December 2008

Lumbroso S, Lobaccaro J-M, Belon C, Amram S, Bachelard B, Garandeau P, Sultan C. Molecular prenatal exclusion of familial partial androgen insensitivity (Reifenstein syndrome). Eur J Endocrinol 1994;130:327–32. ISSN 0804–4643
In a large family with Reifenstein syndrome, we previously performed molecular analysis of the androgen receptor gene. Direct sequencing showed a G–A point mutation at position 2818 of exon 7, which was responsible for an arginine–histidine substitution at position 840 of the androgen receptor. In this family, the proband's mother became pregnant and wished to know whether she was carrying an unaffected fetus. Polymerase chain reactions of the sex-determining region of the Y chromosome (the SRY gene) on trophoblastic DNA at week 14 revealed a 46,XY genotype. Sequencing analysis showed the canonical sequence (CGT, encoding an Arg residue), suggesting that the fetus was not affected. The expectation of normal male sexual development was confirmed by detection of normal male external genitalia through ultrasonography at week 24. These data confirm that sequence analysis of the androgen receptor gene on trophoblastic DNA is the most reliable method for prenatally diagnosing or excluding androgen insensitivity syndrome in high-risk families.
Charles Sultan, Endocrinologie et Gynécologie Pédiatriques, Service de Pédiatrie I, Hôpital A. de Villeneuve, 34059 Montpellier Cedex, France
Secretory pattern of vasopressin in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid of patients with dementia and of two control groups
Authors: Nadal M , Wikström L , Ruthström L 
Published: December 2008

Nadal M, Wikström L, Ruthström L. Secretory pattern of vasopressin in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid of patients with dementia and of two control groups. Eur J Endocrinol 1994;130:346–9. ISSN 0804–4643
Since the description of its antidiuretic effect in 1913, a variety of functions have been attributed to vasopressin, one of the most controversial throughout the years probably being its effect on memory processes. In an attempt to study the actual secretory rhythm of vasopressin in humans with demonstrated impaired memory, the plasma and cerebrospinal fluid levels of the peptide have been examined during 24 h in a group of patients with dementia, and their values compared with two healthy control groups of young and elderly volunteers. Patients with dementia had higher circulating levels of vasopressin in plasma than the healthy participants and the differences were statistically significant when compared with the healthy elderly (p = 0.003). This difference is not age-related because both groups were in the same age range. A possible explanation could be the higher plasma osmolality measured in the patients with dementia, despite the fact that their levels were within the normal ranges. The different results could not be attributed to changes in electrolytes or blood pressure because these parameters were similar in all groups (p = NS). But more interesting, perhaps, is the secretory pattern found in all three groups. The pattern is biphasic, with two significant peaks: at 16.00 h (p = 0.032) and at night (p = 0.002). This pattern was similar in all cases and in all groups. The total nocturnal secretion of vasopressin is higher than the diurnal secretion (p = 0.02) only in the plasma because the cerebrospinal fluid values were higher during the day. In contrast to plasma, no significant difference was found in the levels of vasopressin in cerebrospinal fluid between patients with dementia and the healthy groups. Furthermore, the correlation between plasma and cerebrospinal fluid levels was, as a whole, rather poor in our material but better in the healthy young volunteers. It seems evident, in view of these results, that the postulated relationship between vasopressin and memory cannot depend on an inadequate concentration of the hormone in the cerebrospinal fluid because all our groups showed similar values. Several hypotheses are given to explain the secretory pattern found in our material as well as for the differences in plasma between the patients with dementia and the control groups.
M Nadal, Skellefteå Hospital, 93187 Skellefteå, Sweden
Arginine vasotocin receptor binding in the hen uterus (shell gland) before and after oviposition
Authors: Takahashi Tetsuya , Kawashima Mitsuo , Kamiyoshi Michiharu , Tanaka Katuhide 
Published: December 2008

Takahashi T, Kawashima M, Kamiyoshi M, Tanaka K. Arginine vasotocin receptor binding in the hen uterus (shell gland) before and after oviposition. Eur J Endocrinol 1994;130:366–72. ISSN 0804–4643
The binding affinity and capacity of arginine vasotocin (AVT) receptor in the hen uterus changed during a period before and after oviposition. Three hours before oviposition, the binding capacity of the AVT receptor increased. An injection of prostaglandin (PG) F2α caused an increase in the AVT receptor Bmax in the uterus, and indomethacin blocked the normal rise in the AVT receptor Bmax and PGF content prior to oviposition. However, just prior to oviposition, the binding affinity increased with a decrease in the binding capacity. A progesterone injection caused an increase in binding affinity and a decrease in binding capacity of the AVT receptor. The specific binding of the progesterone receptor in the uterus increased 2 h before oviposition and remained high until oviposition. Serum AVT levels increased at oviposition. An injection of AVT caused an increase in the affinity of the AVT receptor with a decrease in the capacity. The change in the affinity and capacity of AVT receptor at oviposition may result from the action of progesterone via increased progesterone receptor binding, and the action of AVT on its own receptors.
Michiharu Kamiyoshi, Department of Animal Production and Utilization Sciences, The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-11, Japan
Silent necrosis of a pituitary corticotroph adenoma revealed by timely magnetic resonance imaging: a cause of spontaneous remission of Cushing's disease
Authors: Le Nestour Elisabeth , Abécassis Jean-Paul , Bertagna Xavier , Bonnin André , Luton Jean-Pierre 
Published: December 2008

Le Nestour E, Abécassis J-P, Bertagna X, Bonnin A, Luton J-P. Silent necrosis of a pituitary corticotroph adenoma revealed by timely magnetic resonance imaging: a cause of spontaneous remission of Cushing's disease. Eur J Endocrinol 1994;130:469–71. ISSN 0804–4643
Spontaneous necrosis of a corticotroph adenoma is rare and is a very unlikely way of curing Cushing's disease. We report hereafter a case where magnetic resonance imaging of the pituitary provided clear evidence of the event. Successive and timely pituitary magnetic resonance imaging in this patient showed first a typical microadenoma as a well-limited mass with a low signal intensity before the necrosis, then a bright signal before gadolinium injection in the T1-weighted image at the time of the event and, finally, the aspect of an empty sella turcica with a small arachnoidocele 1 year later. The necrosis of a corticotroph adenoma is more frequent in macro- than in microadenomas, and is usually heralded by headache and visual disturbances. In this case, pituitary necrosis was entirely asymptomatic, and cured the patient as well as the surgeon's knife would have. Nevertheless, this exceptional occurrence does not rule out the possibility of a recurrence.
X Bartagna, Clinique des Maladies Endocriniennes et Métaboliques, Hôpital Cochin, 27 rue due Faubourg Saint Jacques, 75014 Paris, France
Systemic iodine absorption during endoscopic application of radiographic contrast agents for endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreaticography
Authors: Mann K , Rendl J , Busley R , Sailer B , Seybold S , Hoermann R , Sauerbruch T , Börner W 
Published: December 2008

Mann K, Rendl J, Busley R, Sailer B, Seybold S, Hoermann R, Sauerbruch T, Börner W. Systemic iodine absorption during endoscopic application of radiographic contrast agents for endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreaticography. Eur J Endocrinol 1994;130:498–501. ISSN 0804–4643
Hyperthyroidism induced by contrast agents is a major problem in patients with pre-existing thyroid disease, particularly in patients with functional thyroid autonomy. The present study was undertaken to evaluate whether contrast media applied during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreaticography (ERCP) may result in a significant increase of serum iodine levels and thus may be associated with the risk of iodine-induced hyperthyroidism. The courses of serum concentrations of total iodine and free iodide, as well as of urinary iodine excretion, were measured in 15 patients before and up to 21 days after ERCP. During ERCP, the non-ionic contrast medium iopamidol was instilled in amounts resulting in a total iodine load of 57.4 ± 22.8 mmol (7.3 ± 2.9 g). In all patients, ERCP resulted in a highly significant increase in serum levels of total iodine from 0.8±0.5 to 85.2 ± 116.9 μmol/l 4 h after application of the contrast agent. In parallel, serum iodide levels were raised from 0.06 ± 0.04 to 5.42 ± 6.09 μmol/l and urinary iodine excretion from 71.1 ± 35.7 μmol/mol creatinine to 621 620.9 ± 636 492.2 μmol/mol creatinine. Peak concentrations of serum iodine are well related to the total amount of iodine applied (p < 0.05). During follow-up, iodine levels returned to preexposure levels within 2–3 weeks. Levels of thyrotropin, free thyroxine, and free triiodothyronine remained unchanged during the follow-up period. In conclusion, endoscopic application of iodinated contrast agents during ERCP leads to significant increases of serum levels of total iodine and free iodide and of urinary iodine excretion. Therefore, patients with underlying thyroid disease may be at risk to develop iodine-induced hyperthyroidism.
Klaus Mann, Dept. of Internal Medicine II. Klinikum Grosshadern, Marchionistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
Somatostatin in the boar reproductive system
Authors: Ødum Lars , Pildal Julie , Rehfeld Jens F 
Published: December 2008

Ødum L, Pildal I. Rehfeld pJF. Somatostatin in the boar reproductive system. Eur J Endocrinol 1994;130:515–21. ISSN 0804–4643
Somatostatin (SRIF) is a widely distributed regulatory peptide. Recently, it was shown that human seminal plasma contains high concentrations of SRIF. In order to find the cellular source of seminal SRIF we have examined the presence of SRIF in porcine urogenital tissues. The concentration of SRIF in male accessory reproductive tissues of 3-month-old pigs (N = 4) ranged from 1 to 17 nmol/kg. In the boar, only the prostate gland contained significant amounts of SRIF (median 7 nmol/kg, range 3–18 nmol/kg, N = 4). Testis and semen contained no SRIF. Gel chromatography of extracts of the male accessory sex glands and epididymis showed both SRIF-28 and SRIF-14, whereas urinary bladder contained mainly SRIF-14. In conclusion, the results show a considerable species, tissue and developmental variation in the expression of SRIF in the genitourinary tract.
Lars Ødum, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Herlev Hospital, Herlev Ringvej 75, DK-2730, Denmark