bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Androgen receptor acetylation sites differentially regulate gene control
Authors: Faus Hortensia , Haendler Bernard 
Published: November 2007

AbstractAndrogen receptor (AR) function is modulated by post‐translational modifications such as acetylation, ubiquitylation, sumoylation, and phosphorylation. Concerning acetylation, three lysines residues located in a consensus KxKK motif of the AR hinge domain have been identified. For a better evaluation of the role of this modification, the activity of AR modified at different acetylation sites was determined by comparing the effects on natural and synthetic promoters. We found that mutation of AR acetylation sites affected both potency and efficacy of androgen‐dependent response. Remarkably, elimination of all three acetylation sites was still compatible with strong AR activity on the PSA and MMTV promoters, but not on the Pem promoter. This differential effect was seen at various wild‐type (wt) to mutant AR receptor ratios and at changing hormone concentrations. Subcellular localization studies showed that both mutated and wt AR efficiently translocated into the cell nucleus. Plasmid immunoprecipitation revealed comparable binding of both receptor forms to the Pem promoter. The differential effects observed for the Pem promoter were partially due to an androgen response element (ARE) named ARE‐1 which was only poorly stimulated by the AR acetylation site mutant. Finally, AR mutants impaired in their N/C interaction elicited intact stimulation of the Pem promoter, suggesting that AR acetylation was not influenced by this inter‐domain communication. The promoter‐selective effects seen for the AR acetylation site mutants strongly suggest this post‐translational modification to be important in the fine‐tuning of the effects of androgens on different target genes. J. Cell. Biochem. 104: 511–524, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Strategies to reduce the brightness reversion of industrial ECF bleached Eucalyptus globulus kraft pulp
Authors: Sêco Isabel M. C. L. , Neto Carlos Pascoal , Silvestre Armando J. D. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND: Brightness stability is a key property of bleached chemical pulps and is primarily determined by wood species and bleaching process conditions. Eucalyptus globulus is becoming a very important raw material for hardwood pulp production. In spite of this importance, there is a relative lack of systematic studies in the literature dealing with the subject. This research aims to study the effect of some of the foremost bleaching parameters of a DEDD bleaching sequence as well as the effect of a final P stage (DEDP instead of DEDD) in the brightness stability of bleached E. globulus kraft pulps.RESULTS: The increase of the D0 stage temperature from 55 °C to 90 °C caused an increase in brightness stability. Increasing the ClO2 charges from 2.8% to 3.2% also improved significantly the brightness stability. A high H2SO4 charge in the D0 stage (10 kg tonne−1 pulp) diminished the brightness stability. The combination of H2O2 addition to the E stage and ClO2 reduction in the two final D stages does not affect brightness reversion. Raising the D2 stage temperature from 65 °C to 82 °C decreased the brightness reversion, while an increase was obtained when the temperature rose above 82 °C. Substitution of the last ClO2 stage in the DEDD sequence by a H2O2 stage (DEDP) significantly reduced the brightness reversion.CONCLUSION: For an existing pulp mill in which the implementation of new technologies to improve brightness reversion is considered, the results obtained showed that brightness stability can be improved without any significant capital investment. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
A novel fluorescence lifetime imaging system that optimizes photon efficiency
Authors: Colyer Ryan A. , Lee Claudia , Gratton Enrico 
Published: November 2007

AbstractFluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) is a powerful microscopy technique for providing contrast of biological and other systems by differences in molecular species or their environments. However, the cost of equipment and the complexity of data analysis have limited the application of FLIM. We present a mathematical model and physical implementation for a low cost digital frequency domain FLIM (DFD‐FLIM) system, which can provide lifetime resolution with quality comparable to time‐correlated single photon counting methods. Our implementation provides data natively in the form of phasors. On the basis of the mathematical model, we present an error analysis that shows the precise parameters for maximizing the quality of lifetime acquisition, as well as data to support this conclusion. The hardware and software of the proposed DFD‐FLIM method simplifies the process of data acquisition for FLIM, presents a new interface for data display and interpretation, and optimizes the accuracy of lifetime determination. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
MR pharmacokinetic modeling of the patellar cartilage differentiates normal from pathological conditions
Authors: Sanz Roberto , Martí‐Bonmatí Luis , Rodrigo José Luis , Moratal David 
Published: November 2007

AbstractPurposeTo study the pharmacokinetic parameters derived from dynamic contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE‐MRI) of the patellar cartilage under normal and pathological conditions.Materials and MethodsDCE‐MRI was obtained in 22 cases. There were 17 patients with degenerative patellar conditions (eight with chondromalacia and nine with osteoarthritis) and five normal subjects. The cartilage pharmacokinetic parameters of Ktrans (vascular permeability), kep (extraction ratio), υe (extravascular extracellular space [EES] volume fraction), and υp (intravascular space volume fraction) were extracted.ResultsStatistically significant differences were observed between the different groups (normal cartilage, chondromalacia and osteoarthritis) for Ktrans and υe. Ktrans values were (mean ± SD) 1.06 ± 0.62, 11.97 ± 8.91, and 21.21 ± 16.03 mL · minute–1 · 100 mL–1 (P < 0.02), respectively; and υe values were 0.71 ± 0.69, 3.59 ± 2.21, and 10.51 ± 8.20% (P < 0.002). Reproducibility of the pharmacokinetic calculations was assessed with a second set of analyses of 10 random cases one week after the first analysis, showing a test‐retest root mean square (RMS) coefficient of variation of 9.78% for Ktrans and 14.72% for υe.ConclusionThe vascular permeability and EES fraction of cartilage increases with the severity of the degeneration. Pharmacokinetic models allow to study the vascular properties of the cartilage and may have applications as a surrogate index in longitudinal studies to quantify the evolution of drug trials. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An improved HPLC method with the aid of a chemometric protocol: Simultaneous analysis of amlodipine and atorvastatin in pharmaceutical formulations
Authors: Sivakumar Thanikachalam , Manavalan Rajappan , Muralidharan Chandrasekharan , Valliappan Kannappan 
Published: November 2007

AbstractStatistical experimental design and Derringer's desirability function were applied to develop an improved RP‐HPLC method for the simultaneous analysis of amlodipine and atorvastatin in pharmaceutical formulations. Four independent factors were considered: acetonitrile content in the mobile phase; buffer pH; buffer concentration; and flow rate. The preliminary screening step was carried out, according to a 24–1 fractional factorial design, to identify the significant factors affecting the analysis time response. Then central composite design was applied for a response surface study, in order to examine in depth the effects of the most important factors. Subsequently, Derringer's desirability function was employed to simultaneously optimize the six responses: retention factor of first peak; two resolutions; and three retention times, each having a different target. This procedure allowed deduction of two separate optimum conditions, intended for the analysis of quality control and plasma samples, within the experimental domain. The predicted optimum for the quality control samples was: methanol–acetonitrile–15 mM K2HPO4 buffer (pH 5.33) (10:42.08:47.92, v/v/v) as the mobile phase and 1.12 mL/min as the flow rate. The method using this optimized condition showed higher sensitivity and shorter analysis time than the previously published reports. The optimized assay condition was validated according to International Conference on Harmonization guidelines.
Development and validation of an LC‐MS/MS analysis for simultaneous determination of delphinidin‐3‐glucoside, cyanidin‐3‐glucoside and cyanidin‐3‐(6‐malonylglucoside) in human plasma and urine after blood orange juice administration
Authors: Giordano Lucia , Coletta Walter , Rapisarda Paolo , Donati Maria Benedetta , Rotilio Domenico 
Published: November 2007

AbstractBlood orange juice has a high content in anthocyanins, especially represented by delphinidin‐3‐glucoside (D3G), cyanidin‐3‐glucoside (C3G) and cyanidin‐3‐(6‐malonylglucoside) (CMG). An LC‐MS/MS method for the simultaneous determination of D3G and C3G in human plasma and urine was developed and validated. After sample preparation by SPE, chromatographic separation was performed with an RP‐C18 column, using a water/methanol linear gradient. The quantitation of target compounds was determined by multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode, using ESI. The method showed good selectivity, sensitivity (LOD = 0.05 and 0.10 ng/mL for C3G in plasma and urine, respectively; LOD = 0.10 ng/mL for D3G in plasma and urine), linearity (0.20–200 ng/mL; r ⪈0.998), intra‐ and interday precision and accuracy (⪇14.6%) and satisfactory recoveries (80.0–110.4%) for the target compounds in both plasma and urine. Stability of analytes in plasma and urine has been investigated in detail. This method was successfully applied to the determination of D3G, C3G and CMG levels in human plasma and urine after the ingestion of a single dose (500 mL) of blood orange juice.
Capillary electrophoresis with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection for low molecular weight organic acids in different samples
Authors: Law Wai Siang , Zhao Jian Hong , Hauser Peter C. , Yau Li Sam Fong 
Published: November 2007

AbstractCE with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection (CE‐C4D) was explored and validated for the identification and quantification of organic acids in various types of samples. The analyses were performed under optimized conditions, using a buffer system composed of 20 mM MES‐histidine (His), pH 6.0, 0.1 mM CTAB, 0.025% HP‐β‐CD, and 10% methanol. The investigation included a study of the effects of buffer pH, concentration of CTAB, type and concentration of organic additives, on the migration behavior, resolution and selectivity of the organic acids. The intra‐ and interday RSDs (n = 6) obtained for migration time and peak area were typically in the range of 0.12–2% and 0.5–4%, respectively. Linearity, detection limits, and repeatability were evaluated. In order to evaluate the application potential of the developed method, real samples from different sources were analyzed. The results demonstrate that CE‐C4D is a versatile tool for analyzing organic acids in beverages, Chinese herbal medicines (CHM) and plants as it allows for their detection, identification, and quantification.
Culture conditions for maintaining the survival and mitotic activity of rainbow trout transplantable type A spermatogonia
Authors: Shikina Shinya , Ihara Shoko , Yoshizaki Goro 
Published: November 2007

AbstractGerm–cell transplantation is a powerful tool for studying gametogenesis in many species. We previously showed that spermatogonia transplanted into the peritoneal cavity of trout hatchlings were able to colonize recipient gonads, and produced fully functional sperm and eggs in synchrony with the germ cells of the recipient. An in vitro‐culture system enabling spermatogonia to expand, when combined with transplantation, would be valuable in both basic and applied biology. To this end, we optimized culture conditions for type A spermatogonia in the present study using immature rainbow trout at 8–10 month of age. Spermatogonial survival and mitotic activity were improved during culture in Leibovitz's L‐15 medium (pH 7.8) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum at 10°C compared with culture under standard conditions for salmonids (Hank's MEM (pH 7.3) supplemented with 25 mM HEPES and 5% FBS, and culture at 20°C). Elimination of testicular somatic cells promoted spermatogonial mitotic activity. In addition, insulin, trout embryonic extract, and basic fibroblast growth factor promoted the mitosis of purified spermatogonia in an additive manner. Mitotic activity increased nearly sevenfold over 19 days of culture compared with growth factor‐free conditions and was maintained for >1 month. Furthermore, the cultured spermatogonia could colonize and proliferate in recipient gonads following transplantation. This study represents the first step towards establishing a cell line that can be transplanted for use in surrogate broodstock technology and cell‐mediated gene‐transfer systems. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 75: 529–537, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Psychometric evaluation of the acute coronary syndrome (ACS) response index
Authors: Riegel Barbara , McKinley Sharon , Moser Debra K. , Meischke Hendrika , Doering Lynn , Dracup Kathleen 
Published: November 2007

AbstractKnowledge, attitudes, and beliefs of persons with ischemic heart disease are important predictors of delay in seeking treatment. We tested the psychometric profile of the Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) Response Index, a measure assessing patient knowledge, attitudes and beliefs about ACS symptoms and response, in 3,522 patients. On factor analysis, 21 dichotomous knowledge items loaded onto four factors (alpha .82). In a separate factor analysis, another five items loaded on two attitude factors, and seven items loaded on two belief factors (alpha .76). The scales discriminated between patients previously exposed to medical experts. Scale scores were significantly correlated but without evidence of multicolinearity. Initial tests of reliability and validity support further testing of this new instrument. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 30:584–594, 2007
Domestic violence screening rates in a community health center urgent care clinic
Authors: Thurston Wilfreda E. , Tutty Leslie M. , Eisener Amanda E. , Lalonde Lise , Belenky Cathie , Osborne Belinda 
Published: November 2007

AbstractWe describe the screening rates obtained in the first year of implementation of a universal domestic violence screening protocol by nurses in the urgent care clinic of a Canadian community health center. Rates were calculated using data extracted from electronic patient health records, and a random patient chart pull. Qualitative methods provided additional information. Screening rates were considerably higher and were maintained longer than those recorded in similar settings reported in the literature. Leadership, including monitoring of documentation rates, was key to maintaining higher than average rates. Asking all patients in urgent care settings about domestic violence may improve overall screening rates and play an important role in public education. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 30:611–619, 2007
Preparation of microcellular polysiloxane monoliths
Authors: Grosse Marie‐Thérèse , Lamotte Michel , Birot Marc , Deleuze Hervé 
Published: November 2007

AbstractMicrocellular polysiloxane monoliths were prepared from the continuous phase of a concentrated inverse emulsion. The formulation of the material was adapted to obtain monoliths having structural properties similar to those of common poly(styrene‐co‐divinylbenzene) polyHIPEs. The network was generated by hydrosilylation reaction between a vinylsiloxane crosslinking agent and an oligomeric hydrogenosiloxane. The solids obtained were characterized by mercury porosimetry, nitrogen sorption, and SEM. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 21–32, 2008
Synthesis of poly(di[methylamine]ethyl methacrylate)‐b‐poly(cyclohexyl methacrylate)‐b‐poly(di[methylamine]ethyl methacrylate) amphiphilic triblock copolymers by ATRP: Condensed‐phase and solution properties
Authors: Muñoz‐Bonilla Alexandra , Haddleton David M. , Cerrada María L. , Fernández‐García Marta 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe synthesis of amphiphilic triblock copolymers, poly(di[methylamine]ethyl methacrylate)‐b‐poly(cyclohexyl methacrylate)‐b‐poly(di[methylamine]ethyl methacrylate) PDMAE‐b‐PCH‐b‐PDMAE, has been performed by atom transfer radical polymerisation. Those have been obtained in a well‐controlled manner in terms of molecular weight and polydispersity index. The triblock copolymer characterisation has been made in condensed state and in solution. The existence of microphase separation has been confirmed by differential scanning calorimetry. However, the domains of both inner and outer blocks seem not to be ordered for one another from small‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS) measurements using synchrotron radiation. The micelle formation in dilute methanol solutions has been confirmed for all triblock copolymers by dynamic light scattering analyses. The size of these micelles has been demonstrated to be dependent on the molecular weight. Similar observations have been made in concentrate methanol solutions by using SAXS experiments, pointed also out that an increment of the intermicelle interactions is produced as the concentration increases. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 85–92, 2008
Rheology of (±)‐camphor‐10‐sulfonic acid doped polyaniline‐m‐cresol conducting gel nanocomposites
Authors: Garai Ashesh , Nandi Arun K. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe rheological behavior of polyaniline‐(±champhor‐10‐sulfonic acid)0.5‐m‐cresol [PANI‐CSA0.5‐m‐cresol] gel nanocomposites (GNCs) with Na‐montmorillonite clay (intercalated tactoids) is studied. The shear viscosity exhibits Newtonian behavior for low shear rate (<2 × 10−4 s−1) and power law variation for higher shear rate. The zero shear viscosity (η0) and the characteristic time (λ) increase but the power law index (n) decrease with increase in clay concentration. In the GNCs storage modulus (G′) and loss modulus (G″) are invariant with frequency in contrast to the pure gel. The G′ and G′ exhibit the gel behavior of the GNCs up to 105 °C in contrast to the melting for the pure gel at 75.7 °C. The percent increase of G′ of GNCs increases dramatically (619% in GNC‐5) with increasing clay concentration. The conductivity values are 10.5, 5.65, 5.51, and 4.75 S/cm for pure gel, GNC‐1, GNC‐3, and GNC‐5, respectively, promising their possible use in soft sensing devices. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 46: 28–40, 2008
Gradient copolymers with broad glass transition temperature regions: Design of purely interphase compositions for damping applications
Authors: Mok Michelle M. , Kim Jungki , Torkelson John M. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractGradient copolymers with gradients in composition along the chain lengths are synthesized by controlled radical polymerization, and their damping behaviors are compared to those of random and block copolymers. The effect of comonomer incompatibility is studied by comparing behaviors of strongly segregating styrene/4‐hydroxystyrene (S/HS) and moderately segregating styrene/n‐butyl acrylate (S/nBA) copolymers. The effect of composition gradient steepness is studied by designing “constant” or “increasing” gradients via the comonomer addition rate during semibatch polymerization. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) is used to compare the temperature dependences of the storage modulus (E′), loss modulus (E″), and tan δ of the materials. A glass transition breadth (ΔTg) is defined by a temperature range over which E′ decreases from 109 Pa to 108 Pa. The gradient copolymer ΔTgs are at least four times larger than the random copolymer ΔTgs. The S/nBA gradient copolymers show strong effects of gradient steepness on ΔTg, with ΔTg being much larger for the increasing gradient than for the constant gradient. DMA data are compared to predictions by Hashimoto et al. for tapered block copolymers in the limit where the taper extends across the entire chain. The shapes of their calculated temperature dependences of E′ and E″ correspond well to the gradient copolymers with large ΔTg values, providing strong support for symmetric gradient copolymers forming nanoscale, ordered domains with sinusoidal composition profiles. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 46: 48–58, 2008
Toward a better understanding of preeclampsia: Comparative proteomic analysis of preeclamptic placentas
Authors: Kim Young Nam , Kim Hyoung Kyu , Warda Mohamad , Kim Nari , Park Won Sun , Prince Ab del Bary , Jeong Dae Hoon , Lee Dae Shim , Kim Ki Tae , Han Jin 
Published: November 2007

AbstractPreeclampsia (PE), a pregnancy‐specific syndrome of hypertension, proteinuria, and other systemic disturbances, is a state of widespread endothelial dysfunction secondary to defective placentation. Morphologically, the current data displayed degenerative and apoptotic changes in the mitochondria and villous trophoblasts of preeclamptic placenta. To reveal the superimposing alterations in placental proteins that might explain the pathophysiology of PE, we performed 2‐DE MALDI‐TOF MS/MS proteomics analysis of differentially expressed placental proteins with placenta from eight normal and eight preeclamptic pregnancies. The identified proteins were confirmed by Western blot analysis. We also performed morphologic evaluation of preeclamptic placentas under both electron and light microscopy. The results disclosed the marked overexpression of chaperonin 60, GST, VDAC, ERp29, and cathepsin D in PE. These proteomics findings clearly suggest the possible cellular battle against mitochondria‐originated oxidative stress during PE that either end up with recovery or apoptosis. These results provide a better understanding of proteomic alterations and may help in clarification of stress‐related changes in preeclamptic placentas.
Botanical insecticides: for richer, for poorer
Authors: Isman Murray B 
Published: November 2007

AbstractBotanical insecticides presently play only a minor role in insect pest management and crop protection; increasingly stringent regulatory requirements in many jurisdictions have prevented all but a handful of botanical products from reaching the marketplace in North America and Europe in the past 20 years. Nonetheless, the regulatory environment and public health needs are creating opportunities for the use of botanicals in industrialized countries in situations where human and animal health are foremost—for pest control in and around homes and gardens, in commercial kitchens and food storage facilities and on companion animals. Botanicals may also find favour in organic food production, both in the field and in controlled environments. In this review it is argued that the greatest benefits from botanicals might be achieved in developing countries, where human pesticide poisonings are most prevalent. Recent studies in Africa suggest that extracts of locally available plants can be effective as crop protectants, either used alone or in mixtures with conventional insecticides at reduced rates. These studies suggest that indigenous knowledge and traditional practice can make valuable contributions to domestic food production in countries where strict enforcement of pesticide regulations is impractical. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry