bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
BP1 transcriptionally activates bcl-2and inhibits TNFα-induced cell death in MCF7 breast cancer cells
Authors: Stevenson Holly S , Fu Sidney W , Pinzone Joseph J , Rheey Jinguen , Simmens Samuel J , Berg Patricia E 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
Introduction
We have previously shown that the Beta Protein 1 (BP1) homeodomain protein is expressed in 81% of invasive ductal breast carcinomas, and that increased BP1 expression correlates with tumor progression. The purpose of our current investigation was to determine whether elevated levels of BP1 in breast cancer cells are associated with increased cell survival.

Methods
Effects on cell viability and apoptosis of MCF7 cells stably overexpressing BP1 were determined using MTT and Annexin V assays, and through examination of caspase activation. TNFα was used to induce apoptosis. The potential regulation of apoptosis-associated genes by BP1 was studied using real-time PCR and western blot analyses. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays, site-directed mutagenesis, and transient assays were performed to specifically characterize the interaction of BP1 with the promoter of the bcl-2 gene.

Results
Stable overexpression of BP1 led to inhibition of apoptosis in MCF7 breast cancer cells challenged with TNFα. Increased BP1 resulted in reduced processing and activation of caspase-7, caspase-8, and caspase-9, and inactivation of the caspase substrate Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase (PARP). Increased levels of full-length PARP and a decrease in procaspase-8 were also associated with BP1 overexpression. The bcl-2 gene is a direct target of BP1 since: (i) BP1 protein bound to a consensus binding sequence upstream of the bcl-2 P1 promoter in vitro. (ii) MCF7 cells overexpressing BP1 showed increased levels of bcl-2 mRNA and protein. (iii) Transient assays indicated that increased bcl-2 promoter activity is due to direct binding and modulation by BP1 protein. BP1 expression also prevented TNFα-mediated downregulation of bcl-2 mRNA and protein.

Conclusion
These findings suggest mechanisms by which increased BP1 may impart a survival advantage to breast cancer cells, which could lead to increased resistance to therapeutic agents in patients.
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of danaparoid during continuous venovenous hemofiltration: a pilot study
Authors: de Pont Anne-Cornélie JM , Hofstra Jorrit-Jan H , Pik Derk R , Meijers Joost CM , Schultz Marcus J 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
Background
In patients with suspected heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) who need renal replacement therapy, a nonheparin anticoagulant has to be chosen to prevent thrombosis in the extracorporeal circuit. Danaparoid, a low-molecular-weight heparinoid consisting of heparan sulphate, dermatan sulphate, and chondroitin sulphate, is recommended for systemic anticoagulation in patients with HIT. However, there are few data on the use of danaparoid in patients with acute renal failure, especially in patients dependent on renal replacement therapy such as continuous venovenous hemofiltration (CVVH). In the present study, we analyzed the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of danaparoid during CVVH in patients with suspected HIT.

Methods
Based on a mathematical model, a dosing scheme for danaparoid was designed, aiming at anti-Xa levels of 0.5 to 0.7 U/mL, with a maximum of 1.0 U/mL. This dosing scheme was prospectively tested in the first CVVH run of a cohort of five patients with suspected HIT. CVVH with a blood flow rate of 150 mL/minute and a substitution rate of 2,000 mL/hour was performed with a cellulose triacetate membrane. Danaparoid was administered as a continuous infusion of 100 anti-Xa-U/hour after a loading dose of 3,500 anti-Xa-U. Serial measurements of anti-Xa activity and prothrombin fragment F1+2 were performed at baseline, at t = 5, 15, and 30 minutes, and at t = 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, and 24 hours after the danaparoid loading dose.

Results
The median anti-Xa activity reached a maximum of 1.02 (0.66 to 1.31) anti-Xa-U/mL after 15 minutes and gradually declined to 0.40 (0.15 to 0.58) anti-Xa-U/mL over the span of 24 hours. Target anti-Xa levels were reached from 2 to 12 hours after the loading dose. Median prothrombin fragment F1+2 gradually decreased from 432 (200 to 768) to 262 (248 to 317) pmol/L after 24 hours. No bleeding or thromboembolic events occurred throughout the described treatment period.

Conclusion
Danaparoid administered by a continuous infusion of 100 anti-Xa-U/hour after a loading dose of 3,500 anti-Xa-U elicited target anti-Xa levels from 2 to 12 hours after the loading dose, without bleeding or thromboembolic events during the described CVVH treatment in patients with suspected HIT.
Social regulation of gene expression in human leukocytes
Authors: Cole Steve W , Hawkley Louise C , Arevalo Jesusa M , Sung Caroline Y , Rose Robert M , Cacioppo John T 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
Background
Social environmental influences on human health are well established in the epidemiology literature, but their functional genomic mechanisms are unclear. The present study analyzed genome-wide transcriptional activity in people who chronically experienced high versus low levels of subjective social isolation (loneliness) to assess alterations in the activity of transcription control pathways that might contribute to increased adverse health outcomes in social isolates.

Results
DNA microarray analysis identified 209 genes that were differentially expressed in circulating leukocytes from 14 high- versus low-lonely individuals, including up-regulation of genes involved in immune activation, transcription control, and cell proliferation, and down-regulation of genes supporting mature B lymphocyte function and type I interferon response. Promoter-based bioinformatic analyses showed under-expression of genes bearing anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid response elements (GREs; p = 0.032) and over-expression of genes bearing response elements for pro-inflammatory NF-κB/Rel transcription factors (p = 0.011). This reciprocal shift in pro- and anti-inflammatory signaling was not attributable to differences in circulating cortisol levels, or to other demographic, psychological, or medical characteristics. Additional transcription control pathways showing differential activity in bioinformatic analyses included the CREB/ATF, JAK/STAT, IRF1, C/EBP, Oct, and GATA pathways.

Conclusion
These data provide the first indication that human genome-wide transcriptional activity is altered in association with a social epidemiological risk factor. Impaired transcription of glucocorticoid response genes and increased activity of pro-inflammatory transcription control pathways provide a functional genomic explanation for elevated risk of inflammatory disease in individuals who experience chronically high levels of subjective social isolation.
A Bridge Between Academic and Community Radiation Oncology Treatment Planning
Authors: Maguire Patrick D. , Honaker Geoff , Neal Charles , Meyerson Martin , Morris David , Rosenman Julian , Tepper Joel 
Published: September 2007

Purpose To evaluate Telesynergy (TS) as a method of interactive treatment planning between academic and community radiation oncology departments. Methods Through a grant from the National Cancer Institute to improve cancer outcomes for underserved populations, community radiation oncologists at New Hanover Regional Medical Center (NHRMC) in Wilmington, North Carolina, partnered with those at the University of North Carolina (UNC) in Chapel Hill, North Carolina. TS suites were installed at both sites to facilitate teleconferencing and review of treatment planning for intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT). Patients with locally advanced head and neck cancer at NHRMC who were enrolled on a clinical trial of chemoirradiation underwent IMRT planning utilizing commercial software. NHRMC physicians contoured tumor targets and adjacent healthy organs. Physics staff at NHRMC generated an initial IMRT plan for each patient. Radiation oncologists at UNC then reviewed individual IMRT plans via TS conferences. Results and Conclusion Between August 2004 and August 2005, seven IMRT plans were reviewed in eight TS conferences. Physician contours of tumor targets and healthy organs, dose volume histograms, IMRT beams, and isodose distributions were shared during each TS conference successfully. Median time for each session was 35 minutes (range, 30 to 75). Physician satisfaction with the interactive planning process was high at both NHRMC and UNC. A cycle would likely evolve of initial intensive use of TS conferences, to gradual use for ongoing quality control, then greater use as the treatment planning technology undergoes its next change. Complex IMRT treatment planning review was feasible between an academic and community hospital via TS with a high level of physician participant satisfaction.
Litigating the Science of Breast Cancer Treatment
Authors: Jacobson Peter D. , Rettig Richard A. , Aubry Wade M. 
Published: September 2007

Beginning in the late 1980s, many health insurers refused to cover high-dose chemotherapy with autologous bone marrow transplant (HDC/ABMT) for high-risk and metastatic breast cancer patients. Insurers denied coverage because there was no persuasive evidence of clinical effectiveness. In response, many women sued to compel coverage. After years of litigation and the expenditure of approximately $3 billion, randomized clinical trials (RCTs) showed that the procedure was no more effective and possibly more harmful than conventional therapy.To understand whether and how litigation contributed to the diffusion of the procedure, we conducted a series of case studies that examine the litigation tactics and strategies used by defense and plaintiffs' counsel. Despite the fact that HDC/ABMT lacked proven scientific effectiveness, insurance defense attorneys were unable to stop the procedure's diffusion. Plaintiffs' attorneys had a much easier and more sympathetic story to tell and were able to exploit vulnerabilities facing the defense.
Velocity and turbulence measurements in a separating boundary layer with and without passive flow control
Authors: Satta F , Simoni D , Ubaldi M , Zunino P , Bertini F , Spano E 
Published: September 2007

The present paper reports the results of a detailed experimental study on low profile vortex generators (VGs) used to control boundary layer separation on a large-scale flat plate with prescribed adverse pressure gradients. This activity is part of a joint European research program on Aggressive Intermediate Duct Aerodynamics. The inlet turbulent boundary layer and the pressure gradient over the flat plate are representative of aggressive turbine intermediate ducts. By regulating the inclination of the wall opposite to the flat plate, different pressure gradients, typical of turbine intermediate ducts, can be obtained. To avoid separation on the movable wall, boundary layer suction is applied. Previous measurements showed the effectiveness of VGs in delaying separation and revealed their optimum configuration for the different prescribed pressure gradients. In the present work, laser Doppler velocimetry (LDV) is applied to the most significant pressure gradient case, in order to obtain a more thorough knowledge of the near-wall flow field. Velocity and turbulence profiles are determined up to the near-wall region in order to provide an in-depth analysis of turbulent boundary layer at separation conditions, with and without application of control devices. LDV allowed high spatial resolution and accurate statistical analysis of the boundary layer velocities. The results show velocity and turbulence profiles typical of separated turbulent boundary layers for the baseline case, and non-conventional unseparated boundary layer profiles when VGs are installed on the flat plate.
Performance analysis of a transonic high-pressure turbine
Authors: Yasa T , Paniagua G , Bussolin A 
Published: September 2007

Efficiency is a crucial design parameter in any turbine development. This research presents a detailed investigation on the efficiency of a modern transonic high-pressure turbine. The work focuses on the study of the efficiency loss at different stage loading factors (ranging from Δ H/U2 = 1.3 to 2.7) and various flow factors ( Vax/ U = 0.41 to 0.90). In particular, the present research is of utmost importance to understand the effect of the vane trailing edge shocks in the turbine stage efficiency. The experimental work was carried out in a compression tube facility that allows testing of the turbine at temperature ratios, Re and Mach numbers, encountered in real engines. The efficiency is measured by the mechanical method. Experiments were performed with two different vanes (cooled and uncooled) at two stagger angles, four rotational speeds (4570–6500 r/min) and three pressure ratios ( p01/ Ps3 ranging from 2.42 to 5.12). The effect of the change of reaction and rotor incidence is correlated with the performance. Three-dimensional Navier-Stokes calculations aid the interpretation of the results.
Stereoselective Conjugate Addition Reactions Using In Situ Metallated Terminal Alkynes and the Development of Novel Chiral P,N-Ligands
Authors: Fujimori Shinji , Knöpfel Thomas F , Zarotti Pablo , Ichikawa Takashi , Boyall Dean , Carreira Erick M 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
In this account, new methods for the catalytic and stereoselective conjugate addition of terminal alkynes are described. Our laboratories have disclosed asymmetric addition reactions to aldehydes and imines using a combination of a zinc or copper salt and a terminal alkyne. Under these conditions, terminal alkyne is transformed in situ into an alkynyl metal species. Recently, it was found that these in situ generated alkynyl metal species can undergo conjugate additions to alkylidene malonate-type acceptors. In the zinc(II) triflate-catalyzed system, a highly diastereoselective conjugate addition has been realized using a chiral oxazepene acceptor. Subsequently, alternative conjugate addition protocols have been developed which employ a terminal alkyne, substoichiometric amounts of copper and a highly eletrophilic Meldrum’s acid derived acceptor. This reaction can be made enantioselective using a novel atropisomeric P,N-ligand (PINAP). With this ligand, excellent enantioselectivities can be achieved for the conjugate addition of aromatic alkynes to various Meldrum’s acid derived acceptors.
Total Synthesis of Epoxyquinonoid Natural Products
Authors: Shoji Mitsuru 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
Asymmetric total synthesis of epoxyquinonoid natural products, such as epoxyquinols A, B, and C, epoxytwinol A, and EI-1941-1, -2, and -3, are described. In the first-generation synthesis of epoxyquinols, the HfCl4-mediated diastereoselective Diels–Alder reaction of furan with a chiral acrylate ester was developed. In the second-generation synthesis, a chromatography-free preparation of an iodolactone by using acryloyl chloride as the dienophile in the Diels–Alder reaction of furan, and the lipase-mediated kinetic resolution of a cyclohexenol derivative were developed. This second-generation synthesis is suitable for large-scale preparation. A biomimetic cascade reaction involving oxidation, 6π-electrocyclization, then Diels–Alder dimerization, is the key reaction in the formation of epoxyquinols A–C. Epoxytwinol A was synthesized by the cascade reaction composed of oxidation, 6π-electrocyclization, and formal [4+4] cycloaddition. A 2H-pyran, generated by oxidation/6π-electrocyclization, acts as a good diene, reacting with several dienophiles to afford polycyclic compounds in one step. The asymmetric total synthesis of EI-1941s was accomplished, starting from a chiral epoxy iodoquinone, a key intermediate in the total synthesis of epoxyquinols. They were diastereoselectively synthesized via an intramolecular carboxypalladation in a 6-endo cyclization mode, followed by β-hydride elimination, as the key steps.
The Self-Assembly of Amphiphilic Oligothiophenes: Hydrogen Bonding and Poly(glutamate) Complexation
Authors: Brustolin Fiorella , Surin Mathieu , Lemaur Vincent , Romanazzi Giuseppe , Sun Qianyao , Cornil Jérôme , Lazzaroni Roberto , Sommerdijk Nico A J M , Leclère Philippe , Meijer E W 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
The self-organization behavior of an amphiphilic sexithiophene bearing amide functionalities is studied and compared to that of a derivative bearing an ester group at the same position. The introduction of hydrogen-bond interactions in assemblies of these π-conjugated oligomers is found to affect the molecular organization both in protic media and in thin deposits on mica. The amphiphilic 2,2′;5′,2'';5'',2''';5''',2'''';5'''',2'''''-sexithiophene-5,5'''''-dicarboxylic acid bis[(4,7,10,13,16-pentaoxaheptadecyl)amide] forms assemblies in n-butanol and water and partially aggregates in toluene. Spectroscopy reveals that the presence of a hydrogen-bonding moiety increases the thermal stability of the assemblies in n-butanol and even more in water solution. On mica surfaces, the formation of rod-like one-dimensional nanostructures is observed after deposition from toluene solutions. In addition, transmission electron microscopy in combination with selected area electron diffraction shows that in water plate-like structures are formed built from parallel oriented stacks, with a π–π distance of 3.5 Å. Comparison of these data to molecular modeling and quantum chemistry calculations is used to better understand the influence of the amide group on the stacking of these compounds. The introduction of these H-bonding interactions leads to denser and more stable stacks. Furthermore, we show that a derivative of the amide compound, bearing terminal ammonium groups, forms a complex with chiral polyanions in aqueous media such that the sexithiophene segments are stacked in a meta-stable helical fashion with preferred handedness. We observed that poly(glutamate) and DNA generate a chiral sexithiophene assembly. In time the induced chirality disappears, which is explained by the meta-stability of the kinetically formed adduct. This constitutes one step forward towards the controlled formation of functional multi-component systems in aqueous solution.
Change in the Orientation and Packing upon Adsorption of Pyranine Molecules onto Cationic Langmuir Monolayers and Langmuir–Blodgett Films
Authors: Tsukamoto Osamu , Villeneuve Masumi , Sakamoto Akira , Nakahara Hiroo 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
Differrent adsorption behaviors and the orientation of pyranine molecules were investigated for the cationic Langmuir monolayers by using Brewster angle microscopy (BAM), two-dimensional (2D) phase behavior with elasticitic property of the monolayers and in situ visible spectroscopy. The structural change in the cationic Langmuir–Blodgett (LB) films before and after adsorbing pyranine molecules was found by using small angle and in-plane XRD. The excited-state proton-transfer (ESPT) between octadecylamine (ODA) and pyranine adsorbed in the films was investigated using time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy together with consideration of the film structures.
Spectroelectrochemical Study of the Reversible Adduct Formation of Bis(phthalocyaninato)neodymate(III) Complex with CO2 in a DMF Solution
Authors: Wulan Qiqige , Kitamura Fusao 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
The reaction between CO2 and electrochemically reduced bis(phthalocyaninato)neodymate(III) complex in a dimethylformamide solution was investigated by cyclic voltammetry and in situ visible spectroscopy. The introduction of gaseous CO2 into the phthalocyanine solution caused a considerable increase in the first reduction peak current of the complex and a shift in the second reduction peak to more positive potentials. In addition, new anodic current peaks appeared in the reverse sweep at potentials different from those of the complex. These observations were explained in terms of the formation of a CO2-adduct. The formation and decomposition of the CO2-adducts occurred reversibly with the applied potential, which was confirmed by in situ visible spectroscopy.
Through-Space Interactions in Non-Kekulé Biradicals
Authors: Hatanaka Masashi , Shiba Ryuichi 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
Through-space interactions in non-Kekulé biradicals were analyzed. We defined PNBMOi,j as a product of i-th and j-th NBMO of non-Kekulé biradicals. Whereas through-space interactions between non-nearest-neighbor carbon atomic sites in PNBMOi,j were negligible in so-called disjoint-type biradicals, antibonding-through-space interactions between second-nearest-neighbor carbon atomic sites in PNBMOi,j destabilized the singlet states in so-called nondisjoint-type biradicals. The instabilities in the singlet states contributed to the triplet state preference for nondisjoint-type biradicals.
High-Sensitivity Raman Spectroscopy of Supercritical Water and Methanol over a Wide Range of Density
Authors: Yasaka Yoshiro , Kubo Masahito , Matubayasi Nobuyuki , Nakahara Masaru 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
High-sensitivity Raman vibrational spectroscopic equipment was developed to study the hydrogen-bonding structure in supercritical fluids over a wide density range. Supercritical water was investigated to the very dilute region of 0.1 MPa (3×10−4 g cm−3) at 400 °C, and the spectroscopic profile at the isolated state was observed. For comparison, supercritical methanol was also investigated, and the effect of the alkyl group on the hydrogen bonding is elucidated. For both water and methanol, the OH stretching peak shifted toward a lower frequency with an increase in the density as a result of hydrogen-bond formation. The red shift relative to the isolated value was not always proportional to the density. In the case of water at 400 °C, the shift was nonlinear over a wide density range; it was almost linearly dependent on the density between 0.6 and 0.2 g cm−3, whereas at lower densities, the dependence became steeper. For methanol, a nonlinear density dependence was similarly observed at a corresponding reduced temperature. The density dependence then became more linear at higher temperatures. The density dependence of the spectroscopic profile is interpreted in terms of the matrix of force constants affected by the formation of hydrogen bonding.
Unusual Reaction Course of Styrenes to 2-Arylethyltriphenylphosphonium Salts
Authors: Okuma Kentaro , Yoshitake Koichiro , Izaki Toshiharu , Yoshida Keiko , Shioji Kosei 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
1-Arylethyltriphenylphosphonium bromides thermally rearranged to 2-arylethyltriphenylphosphonium bromides. Direct formation of 2-arylethylphosphonium bromides was achieved by reacting styrene, HBr, and triphenylphosphine. On the other hand, thermolysis of 1-indanyltriphenylphosphonium bromide gave indene and triphenylphosphonium bromide. From deuterium and 13C-labeled experiments, the interconversion of primary and secondary cation intermediates was suggested. No neighboring phenyl group (phenonium cation intermediate) interaction was observed.