bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrical Stimulation of Human Thalamic and Amygdaloid Area and Plasma Cortisol Concentration
Authors: Leppäluoto Juhani 
Published: December 2008

AbstractLeppaluoto, J. Electrical stimulation of human thalamic and amygdaloid ana and plasma Cortisol concentration. Acta physiol. scand. 1973. 89. 187–191.The concentration of plasma Cortisol was measured from blood samples drawn through indwelled catheters at 3–5 min intervals in 4 resting healthy subjects and in 5 patients after electrical stimulation of the thalamus and amygdala via chronic electrodes implanted for the treatment of psychomotor seizures. In the healthy subjects (laboratory staft) the plasma Cortisol level, measured by a fluorometric method, was initially high (10 ‐ 37 μg/100 ml), evidently due to emotional affectivity of the experimental situation, and decreased within 10 min by 10μg in 2 subjects and the increased within 10 min by 5–20 μg in 3 subjects. These rapid changes of the plasma Cortisol level, bursts, were significant and are a new physiological phenomenon. In the patients the thalamus and amygdala were stimulated 30 s (pulse duration 1 ms, repetetive frequency 50 Hz, unidirectional square wave pulses) to the voltage level at which the patient felt a subjective sensation (4 ‐12 V). After repetctive stimulations of thalamus (3 patients, 6 times) and amygdala (2 patients, 3 times) the changes in the plasma Cortisol levels were inconsistent and similar to those seen in the healthy subjects. No conclusion about the function of the pituitary‐adrenal axis and amygdala of thalamus was drawn, because the plasma Cortisol values were evidently influenced by their temporal relation to the secretion bursts presented here.
Secretory Fibres in the Trigeminal Part of the Lingual Nerve to the Mandibular Salivary Gland of the Rat
Authors: Hellekant Goran , Kasahara Yasuo 
Published: December 2008

AbstractHellekant, G. and Y. Kasahara. Secretory fibres in the trigeminal pa'.rt of the lingual nerve to the mandibular salivary gland of the rat. Acta physiol. scand. 1973. 89. 198–207.The nerve supply to and the secretion from the mandibular salivary gland of the rat have been studied. It was found that a) secretory fibres are given off from the chorda‐lingual nerve on its peripheral course until it reaches the mandibular and sublingual ducts, b) secretion of saliva was observed and secretion could be evoked even when the facial portion of the chorda‐lingual nerves was cut. The flow did not stop until its trigeminal portion was also cut, c) the cessation of secretion after the trigeminal portion was cut was not the result of a loss of sensory impulses to the CNS, d) impulses could also be recorded fiorn the nerve fibres given off from the chorda‐lingual nerve to the gland after its facial portion was cut; e) electrical stimulation of the peripheral part of the trigeminal portion elicited secretion, which was generally larger than that in response to stimulation of the facial portion. Simultaneous stimulation of both portions gave the largest secretion, f) no difference between the sodium and potassium concentrations in saliva elicited by stimulation of the two nerve portions was observed. Atropine blocked the secretion caused by stimulation of any of the nerves.
The Influence of Blood Flow on the Rate of Absorption of 85Kr from the Small Intestine of the Cat
Authors: Biber Björn , Lundgren Ove , Svanvik Joar 
Published: December 2008

AbstractBiber, B., O. Lundgrenand J. Svanvik. The influence of blood flow on the rate of absorption of 85Kr from the small intestine of the cat. Acta physiol. scand. 1973. 89. 227–238.A method for studying the absorption rate of an easily diffusable substance, sr‘Kr, from the small intestinal lumen to the intestinal blood stream is described and tested. The technique involves a fast, luminal perfusion with saline having a constant concentration of s’Kr and a continuous registration of the radioactivity in the venous outflow from the intestine. Absorption rate is estimated from the amount of tracer appearing in the mesenteric vein and expressed as volume of blood that per unit time is fully equilibrated with the luminal contents. During “resting” conditions (total intestinal blood flow 25 ml/minX100 g) the absorption rate was about 5 ml/minx 100 g and during a moderate hyperemia (total intestinal blood flow 100 ml/ minX100g) induced by isopropylnoradrenaline absorption rate increased to about 13 ml/minX100g. The results are discussed in relation to the small intestinal mucosal blood circulation and countercurrent exchanger.
Effects of Acetylcholine and Papaverine on the Secretion and Blood Flow from the Pancreas of the Cat
Authors: Lenninger Sven 
Published: December 2008

AbstractLenninger, S. Effects of acetylcholine and papaverine on the secretion and blood flow from the pancreas of the cat. Acta physiol. scand. 1973. 89. 260–268.Acetylcholine and papaverine were injected into the coeliac artery of cats in which the pancreatic secretion and blood flow were recorded. Acetylcholine evoked a small secretion from the resting gland but papaverine did not. During secretion induced by secretin both acetylcholine and papaverine caused an increase in the rate of secretion and both drugs also increased the rate of blood flow. The relationship between the changes in secretion and blood flow is discussed.
The Effect of Hemorrhage on Hepatosplanchnic Hemodynamics, Liver Function and Hepatic Metabolism
Authors: Krarup Niels 
Published: December 2008

AbstractKrarup, N. The effect of hemorrhage on hepatosplanchnic hemodynamics, liver function and hepatic metabolism. Acta physiol. scand. 1973. 89. 269–277.Cats in the postabsoiptive state and anesthetized with chloralose were used for the experiments. Following a control period the cats were bled approximately 25 % of the blood volume. The total liver blood flow decreased in parallel to the mean arterial blood pressure, due to a large decrease in portal flow, whereas the hepatic arterial flow remained constant. Thus the splanchnic vascular resistance was not changed, the hepatic arterial resistance decreased, and the gastrointestinal resistance increased after the hemorrhage. Also the portal venous resistance was significantly increased. The hemorrhage resulted in hepatic glycogenolysis and peripheral glycolysis, but neither the splanchnic elimination of ethanol, consumption of oxygen nor hepatic dye elimination was decreased, and the hepatic redox level remained unaltered. The results indicate that although hemorrhage is accompanied by marked changes in hepatosplanchnic hemodynamics the intrahepatic distribution of blood flow is not subject to gross alterations.
Uncompetitive Character of Inhibition by Prostaglandin E., of the Enhancing Effect of a‐Adrenoceptor Blocking Drug on Noradrenaline Secretion in Isolated Guinea‐Pig Vas Deferens
Authors: Stjärne Lennart 
Published: December 2008

AbstractSTJÄRNE, L. Uncompetitive character of inhibition by prostaglandin E, of the enhancing effect of u‐adrenoceptor blocking drug on noradrenaline secretion in isolated guinea‐pig vas deferens. Acta physiol. scand. 1973. 89. 278–282.Prostaglandin E2 has been shown to antagonize the enhancing effect of α‐adrenoceptor blocking drugs on the nerve stimulation induced secretion of sympathetic neurotransmitter. In the present study the antagonism by PGEa of the effect of the α‐adrenoceptor blocking chug pheritolainine on the secretion of noradrenaline from isolated superfused guinea‐pig vas deferens was found not to be competitive; the two agents clearly have different targets of action on sympathetic neurotransmitter secretion. In other experiments it has been shown that prejunctional α‐adrenoccptors may be involved in the control of the secretion of noradrenaline from sympathetic nerves by a dual mechanism, one dependent and one independent of endogenous prostaglandins. The present results may imply that these physiological control mechanisms are complementary, and directed towards different targets in neuronal excitation‐secretion coupling.
Sympathectomy and Pharmacological Blockade in Trained Rats
Authors: Ekblom B. , Kilbom A. , Malmkors T. , Sigvardsson K. , Svanfeldt E. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractSeveral investigations have beer1 made, both in humans and in animals, to analyze the mechanisms causing the resting bradycardia and the relative bradycardia during exercise evoked by physical training. Sortie investigators have used trained rats for this purpose, although only with iiieasureriicnts of heart rate at rest (Östinan arid Sjöstrand 1971, Tiptori 1965).In this study nieasurements of the heart rate of rats were made at different levels of exercise before and after training‐. The purpose was to exarriine the effectiveness of running on a treadmill in producing relative bradycardia during exercise. Further investigations about the bradycardia of training were also made by performing work tests after pharinacological blockade o f the different portions of the autonomic nervous system.
Release of3H‐Noradrenaline from Incubated and Superfused Rabbit Pulmonary Artery
Authors: Nedergaard By Ove A. , Schrold Jørgen 
Published: December 2008

AbstractNedergaard, O. A. and J. Schrold.Release of 'H‐noradrenaline from incubated and superfused rabbit pulmonary artery.Acta physiol. scand. 1973.89.296–305.The quantitative release of (‐)‐3H‐noradrenaline (3H‐NA) from rabbit pulmonary artery was studied and a comparison made between a superfused strip and an incubated ring preparation. Two rings, but only one strip, could be derived from a single pulmonary artery. The postganglionic, adrenergic neurones were loaded with:,H‐NA and the release of tritium caused by either transmural stimulation or drugs was followed by fractional collection. The concomitant tension response was also monitored. The amount of tritium released per ml fraction elicited by transmural stimulation, nicotine and tyramine were 1.5, 2.5 and 5 times higher, respectively, using the incubated ring. Total tritium release induced by transmural stimulation or nicotine was equal using the two methods. In contrast, the release caused by tyramine was 2.7 times higher with the incubated ring preparation. Retention of3H‐tyramine by the superfused strip was slightly higher compared to the incubated ring. The sensitivity of the smooth muscle to cither exogenously added or endogenously released noradrenaline, evaluated by contractile tension response, was the same for both methods. It is concluded that the incubated ring preparation is better suited for release studies with the indirectly acting sympathomimetic amine, tyramine. Furthermore, the use of the ring method is considered advantageous from a practical point of view since it allows for a better experimental design and yields higher amounts of collected tritium per ml.
On the Possible Role of Bradykinin in Functional Hyperemia of Cat's Stomach
Authors: Fasth S. , Martinson J. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractFasth, S. and J. Martinson. On the possible role of bradykinin in functional hyperemia of cat's stomach. Acta physiol. scand. 1973. 89. 334–341.The reactions of the consecutive vascular sections of the stomach were studied with a plethysmography technique at “rest”, during graded and maximal vasodilatation induced by isoprenaline and during infusion of bradykinin, supposed to be involved in functional hyperemia evoked by vagal nerve stimulation. It is shown that the stomach has a great capacity to maintain a rather constant area for filtration even during large variations in peripheral resistance. Bradykinin evoked an atropine resistant vasodilatation. This is similar to the effect of vagal stimulation. In contrast bradykinin did not increase capillary permeability which is one effect recognized for vagal stimulation. It is concluded that this plasmakinin may not play a role of mediator of functional hyperemia in the stomach since the whole pattern of vascular effects known for vagal stimulation is not reproduced.
Effect of Albumin Concentration and Colloid Osmotic Pressure on Albumin Synthesis in the Perfused Rat Liver
Authors: Dich J. , Hansen S. E. , Thieden H. I. D. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractDich, J., S. E. Hansen and H. I. D. Thieden. Effect of albumin concentration and colloid osmotic pressure on albumin synthesis in the perfused rat liver. Acta physiol. scand. 1973. 89. 352–358.The effect of the albumin concentration and the colloid osmotic pressure on the rate of albumin synthesis was investigated in the perfused rat liver. The albumin concentration and the colloid osmotic pressure were changed independently. With the same concentration of albumin the rate of albumin synthesis decreased 20 to 30 per cent when the colloid osmotic pressure was increased by addition of gammaglobulin. It is concluded that the rate of albumin synthesis may be regulated by the colloid osmotic pressure. The albumin concentration seems to play a role in regulation only through the contribution to the colloid osmotic pressure.
Analysis of Threshold Currents during Myostimulation of Fibres in the Spinal Cord
Authors: Roberts William J. , Smith Dean O. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractW. J. Roberts and D. O. Smith. Analysis of threshold currents during micro‐stimulation of fibres in the spinal cord. Acta physiol. scand. 1973. 89. 384‐ 394.Fillies within the dorsal spinocerebellar tract of the cat were stimulated with current pulses from a mirroelertrode. With precise tracking, single nodes of Rainier of a fibre could be localized and the current required for activation studied as a function of the electrode position. The threshold stimulus amplitude was found to increase nonlinearly with distance from the node. The rate of increase in threshold was found to be less pronounced when the position of the electrode tip was changed axially rather than transversely to the node. The rates of increase with distance tended to decrease as the estimated fibre diameter became larger.
Effects of Mg2+ and Ca2+ on Noradrenaline Release and Uptake in Adrenergic Nerve Granules in Different Media
Authors: Euler U. S. von , Lishajko F. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractEuler, U. S. V. and F. Lishajko. Effects of Mg2+ and Ca2+ on noradrenaline release and uptake in adrenergic nerve granules in different media. Acta physiol. scand. 1973. 89. 415–422.Uptake and release of noradrenaline (NA) from a suspension of storage granules from bovine splenic nerves was measured after incubation in various media and effects of added Mg2+ and Ca2+ observed. No significant differences in NA release rate were observed in different media when NA uptake was prevented by addition of potassium ferricyanide to the medium. Uptake was facilitated by phosphate ions 5–30 mM but counteracted by monovalent cations. In sucrose‐phosphate media uptake of NA almost balanced spontaneous release. Mg2+ and Ca2+ had only a small action on NA release in the absence of NA uptake. In sucrose phosphate media Mg2+ facilitated uptake, whereas Ca2+ enhanced NA release. This action was associated with the formation of a calcium phosphate precipitate. No release or uptake of NA was observed during incubation at ice‐water temperature, nor did Mg2+ or Ca2+ have any effect. The results tend to show that release and uptake of NA in storage granules are separate, temperature‐dependent processes, influenced by mono‐ and divalent cations and phosphate ions.
Vascular Reactions in the Small Intestine during Vasodilatation
Authors: Biber Björn , Fara John , Lundgren Ove 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe reactions within the consecutive vascular sections of the small intestine of the cat were studied during vasodilatations induced by secretin and cholccystokinin, infused i.a. or released “endogenously”, or by transmural electrical field and mucosal mechanical stimulations. All these potentially “physiological” stimuli evoked a response pattern similar to that of i.a. infused 5‐hydroxytryptamine and characterized by a relaxation of the resistance vessels as well as of the precapillary “sphincters”, as reflected in an increased capillary filtration coefficient. A small increase of regional blood volume was also observed during most vasodilatations. On the basis of these experiments it is impossible to exclude any of the abovementioned mechanisms in the discussion of the cause of the functional hyperemia of the gut. It is proposed that this vasodilatation depends partly upon a release of intestinal hormones, partly upon local mechanisms evoked by mechanical and possible also by chemical stimulation of the intestinal mucosa.
A Study on the Action of Noradrenaline on Ionic Content and Sodium, Potassium and Chloride Effluxes in the Rat Portal Vein
Authors: Wahlström By Bo A. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe effects of noradrenaline on the sodium, potassium, chloride and calcium content were studied. It was found that incubation in noradrenaline solution (6 μM) for 30 min caused a decrease in CI content from 86 mmol/kg wctweight to 80 mmol/kg wetweight, while the Ca content increased from 4.1 to 6.7 mmol/kg wetweight. There were no changes in the Na or K. content.When noradrenaline, 6μM, was added during the washout of 36Cl, the rate of flux of 36Cl increased by 85%. This effect was dose‐dependent in the range 0.06 to μM, while a higher concentration had a less than maximal effect on the rate of flux. Noradrenaline increased the rate of flux of 42‐K as well, but this effect was small (15–20 %) and independent of dose. There was no effect of the drug on ‐4Na efflux. Flux data were used to calculate ion permeabilities and membrane potential in the presence of noradrenaline, taking into account the depolarization caused by the drug. The ratio PK: Pna : Pcl was 1 : 0.063 : 3.85 and the predicted membrane potential –27.55 mV, The membrane potential recorded by intracellular microelectrodes was ‐25 mV during noradrenaline stimulation. The shown effects of noradrenaline were blocked by phenoxybenzamine, while propranolol had no effect. It was concluded that the change in chloride permeability tan satisfactorily explain the depolarization (α‐action) caused by noradrenaline.
Autoregulation of Blood Flow in Human Adipose Tissue
Authors: Henriksen Ole , Nielsen Steen Levin , P. Paaske William 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe presence of autoregulation of blood flow was investigated in subcutaneous adipose tissue of the distal part of the forearm by means of the local xenon‐133 washout technique. 89 studies were performed on 4 healthy subjects. Blood pressure changes were obtained by passive displacement of the investigated area to various test levels above and below the reference level, the jugular notch. Above heart level, where venous pressure was constant, elevation of the arm to a level corresponding to an arterial blood pressure reduction of 20 mm Hg did not alter adipose tissue blood flow. At higher elevation autoregulation was not seen as blood flow fell in proportion to the reduction in perfusion pressure. Below the heart, where arterial and venous pressures in the forearm increase in parallel, blood flow in subcutaneous tissue remained constant. This indicates adjustments in arteriolar resistance to oppose the distending force of the increased transmural pressure. In this orthostatic pressure range blood flow was maintained until a level corresponding to an increase in pressure of about 15 mm Hg beyond which blood flow was reduced to about 60 per cent.
Prostaglandin Mediated Inhibition of Noradrenaline Release at Different Nerve Impulse Frequencies
Authors: Junstad Marianne , Wennmalm ÅKF. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe isolated perfused, sympathetically innervated rabbit heart was stimulated for 6 min at 2 or 10 Hz and the outflow of noradrenaline was monitored by assay of the perfusate from the organ during nerve stimulation. Continuous nerve stimulation caused a decline in the outflow of noradrenaline, which was more pronounced at the higher nerve stimulation frequency. When 5, 8, 11, 14‐eicosa tetranyoic acid, a compound known to inhibit prostaglandin synthesis in this preparation, was infused during nerve stimulation at 2 Hz, the relative outflow of noradrenaline was increased by about 90, while at 10 Hz no significant influence on the outflow of noradrenaline was observed. The outflow of endogenous prostaglandins was slightly more than doubled when the stimulation frequency was increased from 2 to 10 Hz. Simultaneously the sensitivity to exogenous prostaglandin E2 of the chronotropic response to nerve stimulation was decreased. The absence of endogenous inhibition of transmitter release at 10 Hz seems to be the result of both a decreased sensitivity of the noradrenaline release process to prostaglandins and an insufficient increase at this frequency in the amount of prostaglandin available to inhibit this process. The experiments show, that the prostaglandin mediated inhibition of the process of release of the sympathetic transmitter is more efficient at lower, more “physiological”, nerve impulse frequencies.
Rate Limiting Factors in Sympathetic Neurotransmitter Secretion
Authors: Stjärne Lennart 
Published: December 2008

AbstractIsolated superfused field stimulated preparations of guinea‐pig vas deferens, in which the neural stores of noradrenaline (NA) had been labelled by preincubation with tritium‐marked (‐)‐NA, were used to study the factors regulating the amount of NA secreted from the nerves, per applied shock. The results indicate that ‘stimulation secretion coupling’ in this tissue is subject to 2 different kinds of facilitation, one independent and one dependent on nerve stimulation frequency. Kinetic analysis of the calcium dependence of transmitter secretion, after removal of α‐adrenoceptor mediated negative feedback control, suggests that there is a definite upper limit to the amount of transmitter which can be secreted, per pulse, from each ‘secretory area’ of the nerves. The low Q10 value of this apparent Vmax suggests that the rate limiting factor is non‐enzymatic in nature. It is proposed that the ultimately rate limiting factor in NA secretion may rather be the number of vesicles in each potential ‘secretory area’ which are in a suitable position within the nerve for active participation in the secretion of transmitter.
The Release of Prostaglandin‐Like Substances during Platelet Aggregation and Pulmonary Microembolism
Authors: Vaage J. , Piper Priscilla J. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractDuring pulmonary microembolism subsequent to induced platelet aggregation in vivo, a pressor response is elicited in the lungs due to the release of vasoactive substances. During the perfusion of isolated cat lungs with whole blood, platelet aggregation induced by collagen released prostaglandin‐like substances (PG‐LS), and a rabbit aorta contracting substance (RCS) as measured by continuous bioassay of the venous effluent. This release occurred in parallel to the pulmonary pressor response. The same amount of PG‐LS and RCS was released when the lungs were replaced by a blood filter to trap platelet aggregates. Apparently PG‐LS and RCS are released from platelets during their aggregation. As E‐ and F‐type PGs are rapidly inactivated in the pulmonary circulation, there must either be an equal generation of PGs in the lungs themselves, or rather, the release of PGs from platelets must occur distal to the inactivation mechanism without any additional PG‐release from the lungs. The exact role of PGs in the lung responses to intravascular platelet aggregation is not clear.