bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resilience through total defence: Towards a shared security culture in the Nordic–Baltic region?
Authors: Wrange Jana , Bengtsson Rikard , Brommesson Douglas 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis article investigates the defence policies of the Nordic and Baltic countries from the perspective of shared security culture. To that end, the article analyses conceptualisations of total defence and resilience in a comparative perspective and inquires into existing and prospective regional cooperation in this area, in order to determine to what degree there exists a common security culture based on shared norms and identities and manifested in practices of security cooperation. The study, which draws on 19 interviews with civil servants from the eight states of the region, shows that while there is fertile ground for a shared security culture to emerge, thus far, due to variations in conceptualisations, threat perceptions, and interaction preferences, only three Nordic states show clear signs of a shared security culture. The study contributes to existing research by situating the concept of resilience in (total) defence discourses; by expanding the theoretical work on security culture to an international context; and by offering a unique empirical account of the process of (re)building total defence policies in a region crucial to European security.
A systematic review of reviews on the advantages of mHealth utilization in mental health services: A viable option for large populations in low-resource settings
Authors: Khosravi Mohsen , Azar Ghazaleh 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Global mental health services face challenges such as stigma and a shortage of trained professionals, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, which hinder access to high-quality care. Mobile health interventions, commonly referred to as mHealth, have shown to have the capacity to confront and solve most of the challenges within mental health services. This paper conducted a comprehensive investigation in 2024 to identify all review studies published between 2000 and 2024 that investigate the advantages of mHealth in mental health services. The databases searched included PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane and ProQuest. The quality of the final papers was assessed and a thematic analysis was performed to categorize the obtained data. 11 papers were selected as final studies. The final studies were considered to be of good quality. The risk of bias within the final studies was shown to be in a convincing level. The main advantages of mHealth interventions were categorized into four major themes: ‘accessibility, convenience and adaptability’, ‘patient-centeredness’, ‘data insights’ and ‘efficiency and effectiveness’. The findings of the study suggested that mHealth interventions can be a viable and promising option for delivering mental health services to large and diverse populations, particularly in vulnerable groups and low-resource settings.
Comment on: Fürsich et al., 2023, Miocene instead of Jurassic: the importance of sound fieldwork for paleontological data analysis
Authors: Das Shiladri S. , Saha Sandip , Bardhan Subhendu , Mondal Subhronil , Paul Shubhabrata , Mallick Sumanta , Saha Ranita , Allmon Warren D. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWe published a series of papers regarding the oldest turritellids, naticids, their paleoecological interaction, and gastropod biozonation, which are of Oxfordian in age, from the Jhura pond section, Kutch, western India. Recently, an Oxfordian age was challenged by Fürsich et al. (2023) and they argued for a Cenozoic age. The authors reproduced a local geological map based on regional data where the Jhura pond section sediments were overlying the Bhuj Formation. In the original regional data, there was no Bhuj Formation and the introduction of the Bhuj Formation served to show that Jhura pond section sediments were “allochthonous”. Other lines of argument against our conclusions (e.g., identification of associated bivalve fauna, foraminiferal assemblage, and geological context) were brought forward. There were additional inconsistencies, such as the reworking of Oxfordian fossils, in their comment/opinion pieces. The only hard evidence was the report of a microfaunal assemblage, but the taxa were identified at the generic level and most of the genera appear in the Jurassic or even earlier.Here we provide detailed and concrete evidence explaining features at the Jhura pond section, such as the subvertical nature of the beds, the ooid-bearing lithologies, the presence of various Oxfordian fossils, the difference in turritellids, naticid assemblages, and differences in the diversity curves between the present beds and the lower Miocene Chhasra Formation of Kutch. Detailed paleoecological analyses (both gastropods and bivalves) speak for two paleocommunities. We, therefore, reiterate that the present Jhura pond section sediments are Oxfordian in age and validate all the interpretations and conclusions that we have made in our previous papers.
RADIOCARBON AGES OF PLANT REMAINS IN MASSIVE GROUND ICE AND UNDERLYING SEDIMENTS OF THE BARROW PERMAFROST TUNNEL, ALASKA
Authors: Iwahana Go , Uchida Masao , Horiuchi Kazuho , Deming Jody , Eicken Hajo , Ohno Hiroshi , Mantoku Kanako , Kobayashi Toshiyuki , Saito Kazuyuki 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACTMassive ground ice found in the Barrow Permafrost Tunnel at 3–7 m depths from the surface has been interpreted as an ice wedge and used to reconstruct early Holocene environmental changes. To better understand the development of this ground ice, we conducted radiocarbon dating for 34 samples of plant remains from the massive ground ice and underlying sediment layer. A significantly large gap in the measured radiocarbon ages (more than 24 ka) between massive ice and the underlying sediment layer throughout the tunnel profile suggested at least two possibilities. One is that the lower and older sediment layer had thrust upwards at the boundary between intruding ice wedge and adjacent sediment, and the growing ice had pushed the sediment sideways. Another is that erosional events had removed surface materials at about 12–36 ka BP (14–41 cal ka BP) before the overlaying sediment layer with massive ground ice developed. The overall distribution of radiocarbon ages from the massive ice supported the ice-wedge hypothesis as a formation mechanism, although our results showed several age inversions and large fluctuations. Dating of densely spaced samples revealed two ground-ice regions with similar ages around 11–11.5 and 10–10.5 ka BP divided by a relatively narrow region of transitional ages along the tunnel long-axis. This distribution may be explained by a possible misalignment between the sampling direction and the ice-wedge growth line or by intermittent ice growth with repeated cracking at more random locations than the classic ice-wedge growth model suggested.
Bleeding Control Protections Within US Good Samaritan Laws
Authors: Levy Matthew J. , Wend Christopher M. , Flemming William P. , Lazieh Antoin , Rosenblum Andrew J. , Pineda Candace M. , Wolfberg Douglas M. , Jenkins Jennifer Lee , Goolsby Craig A. , Margolis Asa M. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIntroduction:In the United States, all 50 states and the District of Columbia have Good Samaritan Laws (GSLs). Designed to encourage bystanders to aid at the scene of an emergency, GSLs generally limit the risk of civil tort liability if the care is rendered in good faith. Nation-wide, a leading cause of preventable death is uncontrolled external hemorrhage. Public bleeding control initiatives aim to train the public to recognize life-threatening external bleeding, perform life-sustaining interventions (including direct pressure, tourniquet application, and wound packing), and to promote access to bleeding control equipment to ensure a rapid response from bystanders.Methods:This study sought to identify the GSLs in each state and the District of Columbia to identify what type of responder is covered by the law (eg, all laypersons, only trained individuals, or only licensed health care providers) and if bleeding control is explicitly included or excluded in their Good Samaritan coverage.Results:Good Samaritan Laws providing civil liability qualified immunity were identified in all 50 states and the District of Columbia. One state, Oklahoma, specifically includes bleeding control in its GSLs. Six states – Connecticut, Illinois, Kansas, Kentucky, Michigan, and Missouri – have laws that define those covered under Good Samaritan immunity, generally limiting protection to individuals trained in a standard first aid or resuscitation course or health care clinicians. No state explicitly excludes bleeding control from their GSLs, and one state expressly includes it.Conclusion:Nation-wide across the United States, most states have broad bystander coverage within GSLs for emergency medical conditions of all types, including bleeding emergencies, and no state explicitly excludes bleeding control interventions. Some states restrict coverage to those health care personnel or bystanders who have completed a specific training program. Opportunity exists for additional research into those states whose GSLs may not be inclusive of bleeding control interventions.
Understanding the First Paralogism: A Friendly Disagreement
Authors: Kitcher Patricia 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMy comments focus on Proops’s treatment of the Paralogisms. I agree with many aspects of his discussion, including his views about the project of Rational Psychology and his analyses of how, exactly, the arguments of the Paralogisms are defective in form, but I disagree with his interpretation of the First Paralogism. I argue that the source of confusion that Kant diagnoses is not the grammatical distribution of ‘I’ as singular, but the fact that the I-representation is both empty and necessary for cognition.
Ian Proops: Kant on Transcendental Freedom (The Fiery Test of Critique: Chs. 11–12)
Authors: Wood Allen 
Published: April 2024

AbstractKant’s position on the problem of free will can be perplexing and frustrating: all the real questions about human agential capacities or even about issues of moral imputability are empirical questions, which have empirical answers. But there remains a metaphysical or transcendental problem about the possibility of freedom, which is forever insoluble. Ian Proops’ discussion in The Fiery Test of Critique is to be commended for displaying the rare virtue of appreciating this last point and presenting Kant’s position about it accurately. The only questionable part has to do with the standard terminology – ‘determinism’, ‘libertarianism’, ‘compatibilism’, and ‘incompatibilism’. I argue that it would be better to say, as Kant does, and Proops also does most of the time, that practical freedom, hence transcendental freedom, must be presupposed whenever we act or even judge, but how freedom is possible is both unknowable and even incomprehensible to us.
Working Oneself Up and Universal Basic Income
Authors: Sticker Martin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractI respond to a challenge raised by Jordan Pascoe: Kant’s conception of obtaining full citizenship through working oneself up necessarily condemns some people to passive citizenship. I argue that we should not focus on work to establish universal full citizenship. Rather, a Universal Basic Income, an income paid regularly to everyone and without conditions, can secure everyone’s full citizenship. Moreover, I argue that such a scheme is more Kantian in nature than hitherto assumed.
Using Baseflow Ensembles for Hydrologic Hysteresis Characterization in Humid Basins of Southeastern China
Authors: Chen Hao , Huang Saihua , Xu Yue‐Ping , Teegavarapu Ramesh S. V. , Guo Yuxue , Nie Hui , Xie Huawei 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBaseflow plays a vital role in protecting the environment and ensuring a stable water supply for farming. There are still gaps in the current understanding of baseflow convergence rates in the humid region due to the abundance of rainfall and the high‐water table. Therefore, this study focused on the evolution and hysteresis characteristics of baseflow in humid basins of southeastern China. The baseflow ensemble simulation (BES) method was established to improve the reliability and applicability of baseflow simulation. We suggest a way of differentiating the wet and dry seasons based on the multi‐year average monthly baseflow index (BFI) to determine the intra‐annual distribution of water effectively and simply. The hydrological hysteresis effect of baseflow on precipitation is revealed by characterizing baseflow response to precipitation under precipitation events during wet and dry seasons. A methodology for assessing the performance of baseflow simulation was proposed from observations of streamflow and precipitation. We found that the BES method performed better in baseflow simulation than other single separation methods. Using the BES method, the lag time of baseflow to precipitation during the wet and dry seasons was found to be 3.09 and 4.04 days after utilizing the BFI to divide the hydrological situation into wet and dry seasons. Additionally, precipitation had nearly twice as much intensity influence on baseflow during the dry season compared to the wet season. These findings have significant ramifications for the use, management, and planning of water resources in humid areas of China.
Identification of high lead exposure locations in Ohio at the census tract scale using a generalizable geospatial hotspot approach
Authors: Stanek Lindsay W. , Xue Jianping , Zartarian Valerie G. , Poulakos Antonios G. , Tornero-Velez Rogelio , Snyder Emily G. , Walts Alan , Triantafillou Kathy 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Lead is a persistent, ubiquitous pollutant whose historical sources have been largely addressed through regulation and voluntary actions. The United States (U.S.) has achieved significant decreases in children’s blood lead levels (BLL) over the past 40 years; however, there is no known safe level of Pb exposure. Some communities continue to be disproportionately impacted by exposure to Pb, including Black children and families living in older homes.

Objective
To identify Ohio (OH) census tracts with children exposed to Pb and evaluate potential exposure determinants.

Methods
We obtained individual children’s blood Pb data from 2005–2018 in OH. The percent of children with elevated BLL (EBLL) was calculated for OH census tracts using three blood Pb reference values (3.5, 5, and 10 µg/dL). Getis-Ord Gi* geospatial hotspot or top 20th percentile methodologies were then applied to identify “hotspots.” Findings across multiple time periods and blood Pb reference values were evaluated and compared with existing Pb exposure indices and models.

Results
Consistency was observed across different blood Pb reference values, with the main hotspots identified at 3.5 µg/dL, also identified at 5 and 10 µg/dL. Substantial gains in public health were demonstrated, with the biggest decreases in the number of census tracts with EBLL observed between 2008–2010 and 2011–2013. Across OH, 355 census tracts (of 2850) were identified as hotspots across 17 locations, with the majority in the most populated cites. Generally, old housing and sociodemographic factors were indicators of these EBLL hotspots. A smaller number of hotspots were not associated with these exposure determinants. Variables of race, income, and education level were all strong predictors of hotspots.

Impact statement
The Getis-Ord Gi* geospatial hotspot analysis can inform local investigations into potential Pb exposures for children living in OH. The successful application of a generalizable childhood blood Pb methodology at the census tract scale provides results that are more readily actionable. The moderate agreement of the measured blood Pb results with public Pb indices provide confidence that these indices can be used in the absence of available blood Pb surveillance data. While not a replacement for universal blood Pb testing, a consistent approach can be applied to identify areas where Pb exposure may be problematic.
Unique transcriptional signatures correlate with behavioral and psychological symptom domains in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Fisher Daniel W. , Dunn Jeffrey T. , Keszycki Rachel , Rodriguez Guadalupe , Bennett David A. , Wilson Robert S. , Dong Hongxin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDespite the significant burden, cost, and worse prognosis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) with behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD), little is known about the molecular causes of these symptoms. Using antemortem assessments of BPSD in AD, we demonstrate that individual BPSD can be grouped into 4 domain factors in our cohort: affective, apathy, agitation, and psychosis. Then, we performed a transcriptome-wide analysis for each domain utilizing bulk RNA-seq of post-mortem anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) tissues. Though all 4 domains are associated with a predominantly downregulated pattern of hundreds of differentially expressed genes (DEGs), most DEGs are unique to each domain, with only 22 DEGs being common to all BPSD domains, includingTIMP1. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) yielded multiple transcriptional modules that were shared between BPSD domains or unique to each domain, and NetDecoder was used to analyze context-dependent information flow through the biological network. For the agitation domain, we found that all DEGs and a highly associated transcriptional module were functionally enriched for ECM-related genes includingTIMP1, TAGLN, andFLNA. Another unique transcriptional module also associated with the agitation domain was enriched with genes involved in post-synaptic signaling, includingDRD1, PDE1B, CAMK4, andGABRA4. By comparing context-dependent changes in DEGs between cases and control networks,ESR1andPARK2were implicated as two high-impact genes associated with agitation that mediated significant information flow through the biological network. Overall, our work establishes unique targets for future study of the biological mechanisms of BPSD and resultant drug development.
Hypoxic preconditioning accelerates the healing of ischemic intestinal injury by activating HIF-1α/PPARα pathway-mediated fatty acid oxidation
Authors: Li Linxia , Liu Yanqi , Zhi Na , Ji Yaoxuan , Xu Jialing , Mao Guoyun , Wang Yazhou , Ma Jin , Wang Yunying 
Published: April 2024

AbstractHypoxic preconditioning (HPC) has been shown to improve organ tolerance to subsequent severe hypoxia or ischemia. However, its impact on intestinal ischemic injury has not been well studied. In this study, we evaluated the effects of HPC on intestinal ischemia in rats. Intestinal rehabilitation, levels of fatty acid oxidation (FAO) by-products, intestinal stem cells (ISCs), levels of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 subunit α (HIF-1α) and its downstream genes such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα), and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1a (CPT1A) were assessed at distinct time intervals following intestinal ischemia with or without the interference of HIF-1α. Our data showed that HPC facilitates the restoration of the intestinal structure and enhances the FAO, by boosting intestinal stem cells. Additionally, HIF-1α, PPARα, and CPT1A mRNA and their protein levels were generally up-regulated in the small intestine of HPC rats as compared to the control group. Our vitro experiment also shows low-oxygen induces highly levels of HIF-1α and its downstream genes, with a concurrent increase in FAO products in IEC-6 cells. Furthermore, the above phenomenon could be reversed by silencing HIF-1α. In conclusion, we hypothesize that HPC can stimulate the activation of intestinal stem cells via HIF-1α/PPARα pathway-mediated FAO, thereby accelerating the healing process post ischemic intestinal injury.
Architecture and regulation of filamentous human cystathionine beta-synthase
Authors: McCorvie Thomas J. , Adamoski Douglas , Machado Raquel A. C. , Tang Jiazhi , Bailey Henry J. , Ferreira Douglas S. M. , Strain-Damerell Claire , Baslé Arnaud , Ambrosio Andre L. B. , Dias Sandra M. G. , Yue Wyatt W. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractCystathionine beta-synthase (CBS) is an essential metabolic enzyme across all domains of life for the production of glutathione, cysteine, and hydrogen sulfide. Appended to the conserved catalytic domain of human CBS is a regulatory domain that modulates activity by S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) and promotes oligomerisation. Here we show using cryo-electron microscopy that full-length human CBS in the basal and SAM-bound activated states polymerises as filaments mediated by a conserved regulatory domain loop. In the basal state, CBS regulatory domains sterically block the catalytic domain active site, resulting in a low-activity filament with three CBS dimers per turn. This steric block is removed when in the activated state, one SAM molecule binds to the regulatory domain, forming a high-activity filament with two CBS dimers per turn. These large conformational changes result in a central filament of SAM-stabilised regulatory domains at the core, decorated with highly flexible catalytic domains. Polymerisation stabilises CBS and reduces thermal denaturation. In PC-3 cells, we observed nutrient-responsive CBS filamentation that disassembles when methionine is depleted and reversed in the presence of SAM. Together our findings extend our understanding of CBS enzyme regulation, and open new avenues for investigating the pathogenic mechanism and therapeutic opportunities for CBS-associated disorders.
Monoclonal antibodies targeting sites in respiratory syncytial virus attachment G protein provide protection against RSV-A and RSV-B in mice
Authors: Lee Youri , Klenow Laura , Coyle Elizabeth M. , Grubbs Gabrielle , Golding Hana , Khurana Surender 
Published: April 2024

AbstractCurrently, only Palivizumab and Nirsevimab that target the respiratory syncytical virus (RSV) fusion protein are licensed for pre-treatment of infants. Glycoprotein-targeting antibodies may also provide protection against RSV. In this study, we generate monoclonal antibodies from mice immunized with G proteins from RSV-A2 and RSV-B1 strains. These monoclonal antibodies recognize six unique antigenic classes (G0-G5). None of the anti-G monoclonal antibodies neutralize RSV-A2 or RSV-B1 in vitro. In mice challenged with either RSV-A2 line 19 F or RSV-B1, one day after treatment with anti-G monoclonal antibodies, all monoclonal antibodies reduce lung pathology and significantly reduce lung infectious viral titers by more than 2 logs on day 5 post-RSV challenge. RSV dissemination in the lungs was variable and correlated with lung pathology. We demonstrate new cross-protective anti-G monoclonal antibodies targeting multiple sites including conformation-dependent class G0 MAb 77D2, CCD-specific class G1 MAb 40D8, and carboxy terminus of CCD class G5 MAb 7H11, to support development of G-targeting monoclonal antibodies against RSV.