bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lethal dog attacks on adult rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) in an anthropogenic landscape
Authors: Chakraborty Bidisha , Pithva Krishna , Mohanty Subham , McCowan Brenda 
Published: March 2024

AbstractFor nonhuman primates living in anthropogenic areas, predation by larger predators is relatively rare. However, smaller predators, such as free-ranging as well as domesticated dogs, can shape the socioecology of urban nonhuman primates, either directly by attacking and killing them or indirectly by modifying their activity patterns. Here, we describe three (two probably fatal) cases of dog attacks on adult rhesus macaques inhabiting an anthropogenic landscape in Northern India and the circumstances surrounding these incidents. We discuss the importance of considering human presence and intervention in dog–nonhuman primate relationships while studying nonhuman primate populations across anthropogenic gradients, and its potential influences on group social dynamics and transmission of zoonotic agents.
A classification method of marine mammal calls based on two-channel fusion network
Authors: Li Danyang , Liao Jie , Jiang Hongbo , Jiang Kailin , Chen Mingwei , Zhou Bei , Pu Haibo , Li Jun 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMarine mammals are an important part of marine ecosystems, and human intervention seriously threatens their living environments. Few studies exist on the marine mammal call recognition task, and the accuracy of current research needs to improve. In this paper, a novel MG-ResFormer two-channel fusion network architecture is proposed, which can extract local features and global timing information from sound signals almost perfectly. Second, in the input stage of the model, we propose an improved acoustic feature energy fingerprint, which is different from the traditional single feature approach. This feature also contains frequency, energy, time sequence and other speech information and has a strong identity. Additionally, to achieve more reliable accuracy in the multiclass call recognition task, we propose a multigranular joint layer to capture the family and genus relationships between classes. In the experimental section, the proposed method is compared with the existing feature extraction methods and recognition methods. In addition, this paper also compares with the latest research, and the proposed method is the most advanced algorithm thus far. Ultimately, our proposed method achieves an accuracy of 99.39% in the marine mammal call recognition task.
Being a Surrogate Partner: The Challenges of Fragile Boundaries
Authors: Oreg Ayelet , Avlagon Elad , Gitlitz Tamar 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSurrogate partner therapy is a type of treatment in which the surrogate partner (SP) works in a triadic setting with a sex therapist and a patient. At the same time, the SP acts as an intimate surrogate partner to the patient. The SP treatment includes a range of therapeutic experiences such as relaxation, intimate communication, sensual and sexual contact, and training for the acquisition of social skills. In the current study, we ask what and how SPs experience, understand, and construct boundaries in their work. We used Winnicott’s therapeutic conceptualization of psychotherapy as a mode of playing and Goffman's dramaturgical role theory as the theoretical framework for our exploration. Applying a phenomenological and empathic approach, we analyzed 13 in-depth interviews with Israeli SP. It appears that SP’s transitions from one performance to another are dramatic, in that their role requires the involvement of sexual and emotional helping relations with their patients. Moreover, SPs are obliged to have secrecy at all levels and in various relationships in their lives. We uncovered various complexities that SPs experience, such as a lack of clarity about their role, which creates challenges for building their professional and personal identity and affects their family and social relationships.
Drought effects on soil greenhouse gas fluxes in a boreal and a temperate forest
Authors: Gillespie L. M. , Kolari P. , Kulmala L. , Leitner S. M. , Pihlatie M. , Zechmeister-Boltenstern S. , Díaz-Pinés E. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractChanging water regimes (e.g. drought) have unknown long-term consequences on the stability and resilience of soil microorganisms who determine much of the carbon and nitrogen exchange between the biosphere and atmosphere. Shifts in their activity could feedback into ongoing climate change. In this study, we explored soil drought effects on soil greenhouse gas (GHG; CO2, CH4, N2O) fluxes over time in two sites: a boreal, coniferous forest in Finland (Hyytiälä) and a temperate, broadleaf forest in Austria (Rosalia). Topsoil moisture and topsoil temperature data were used to identify soil drought events, defined as when soil moisture is below the soil moisture at the permanent wilting point. Data over multiple years from automated GHG flux chambers installed on the forest floor were then analyzed using generalized additive models (GAM) to study whether GHG fluxes differed before and after drought events and whether there was an overall, multiyear temporal trend. Results showed CO2 and N2O emissions to be more affected by drought and long-term trends at Hyytiälä with increased CO2 emission and decreased N2O emissions both following drought and over the entire measurement period. CH4 uptake increased at both sites both during non-drought periods and as an overall, multiyear trend and was predominantly affected by soil moisture dynamics. Multiyear trends also suggest an increase in soil temperature in the boreal forest and a decrease in soil moisture in the temperate forest. These findings underline forests as an important sink for CH4, possibly with an increasing rate in a future climate.
A whole-food, plant-based randomized controlled trial in metastatic breast cancer: weight, cardiometabolic, and hormonal outcomes
Authors: Campbell Thomas M. , Campbell Erin K. , Culakova Eva , Blanchard Lisa M. , Wixom Nellie , Guido Joseph J. , Fetten James , Huston Alissa , Shayne Michelle , Janelsins Michelle C. , Mustian Karen M. , Moore Richard G. , Peppone Luke J. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Breast cancer treatment is associated with weight gain, and obesity and its related cardiometabolic and hormonal risk factors have been associated with poorer outcomes. Dietary intervention may address these risk factors, but limited research has been done in the setting of metastatic breast cancer requiring systemic therapy.

Methods
Women with metastatic breast cancer on stable treatment were randomized 2:1 to an 8-week intervention (n = 21) or control (n = 11). The intervention included weekly assessment visits and an ad libitum whole-food, plant-based (WFPB) diet with provided meals. Cardiometabolic, hormonal, and cancer markers were assessed at baseline, 4 weeks, and 8 weeks.

Results
Within the intervention group, mean weight decreased by 6.6% (p < 0.01) after 8 weeks. Fasting insulin decreased from 16.8 uIU/L to 11.2 uIU/L (p < 0.01), concurrent with significantly reduced insulin resistance. Total cholesterol decreased from 193.6 mg/dL to 159 mg/dL (p < 0.01), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol decreased from 104.6 mg/dL to 82.2 mg/dL (p < 0.01). Total testosterone was unchanged, but free testosterone trended lower within the intervention group (p = 0.08) as sex hormone binding globulin increased from 74.3 nmol/L to 98.2 nmol/L (p < 0.01). There were no significant differences in cancer progression markers at week 8, although mean CA 15-3, CA 27.29, and CEA were lower in the intervention group (p = 0.53, p = 0.23, and p = 0.54, respectively) compared to control, when adjusted for baseline.

Conclusion
WFPB dietary changes during treatment for metastatic breast cancer are well tolerated and significantly improve weight, cardiometabolic and hormonal parameters. Longer studies are warranted to assess the durability of changes.
Trial registration First registered at Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT03045289) on February 7, 2017.
The Boy at the Top of the Mountain as a Source of Axiological Ethics for Holocaust fiction
Authors: Mašát Milan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe main aim of this paper is to point out the artistic and other qualities of Boyne’s publication The Boy at the Top of the Mountain, especially in relation to what could be considered as a lack of scholarly reception of this artistic narrative. In summary, the transformation of Pierrot’s mindset from a humanistically minded bilingual boy to an uncritical recipient of Nazi ideas over the course of the narrative is effectively portrayed. It should also be noted that the change in axiological values in the narrative is influenced by events that entered the child character Pierrot’s life: for example, his stay in an orphanage or his long stay in a house on the top of a mountain owned by Adolf Hitler. Based on qualitative content analysis, the paper answers four questions: (1) How is Pierrot’s change of mind portrayed? (2) How does Pierrot as a child perceive Nazi ideas? (3) To what extent is the war the driving force behind the plot of The Boy at the Top of the Mountain? (4) Is The Boy at the Top of the Mountain suitable for children and young people to read at all?
Taser Use in Scotland: a Qualitative Study of Police Officer and Community Perspectives
Authors: Deuchar Ross , Frondigoun Liz , Densley James A. , Davidones Catherine 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis study delves into police and public views on Taser deployment in Scotland, coinciding with its most significant introduction. Using comprehensive qualitative data, we highlight findings from interviews with 13 Specialized Training Officers (STOs), responses from 88 police officers, and focus groups involving 66 community members in western Scotland. Findings indicate officers largely perceive Tasers as an effective deterrent against violent crime, enhancing community safety. However, while the general public is predominantly supportive, concerns arise regarding potential misuse against youth and risks posed to the vulnerable. These apprehensions cast doubts over further Taser expansions. The study underscores key considerations for future policies, operational practices, and research avenues.
It is “Part of this Larger Tapestry of Anti-queer Experiences”: LGBTQ+ Australians’ Experiences of Street Harassment
Authors: Fileborn Bianca , Hindes Sophie 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMost research on street harassment has focused on the experiences of heterosexual, cisgender women, shaping our understandings of street harassment as a problem of sexism and men’s violence against women. In this article, we examine semi-structured interviews with 25 LGBTQ+ Australians who detailed their experiences of street harassment. We found that LGBTQ+ people experience unique forms, contexts, and trajectories of street harassment that a cisheteronormative gendered framework cannot fully account for. Homophobia, transphobia, and heterosexism are drivers that have been under-theorized in street harassment literature. Our findings reiterate the importance of moving beyond over-simplified understandings of gender-based violence and the need to analyze other intersecting forms of marginalization beyond binary conceptualizations of gender.
Impact of carbamazepine on SMARCA4 (BRG1) expression in colorectal cancer: modulation by KRAS mutation status
Authors: Shaykevich Aaron , Chae Danbee , Silverman Isaac , Bassali Jeremy , Louloueian Netanel , Siegman Alexander , Bandyopadhyaya Gargi , Goel Sanjay , Maitra Radhashree 
Published: March 2024

SummarySMARCA4 is a gene traditionally considered a tumor suppressor. Recent research has however found that SMARCA4 likely promotes cancer growth and is a good target for cancer treatment. The drug carbamazepine, an autophagy inducer, was used on colorectal cancer cell lines, HCT1116 and Hke3 (KRAS mutant and wildtype). Our study finds that Carbamazepine affects SMARCA4 levels and that this effect is different depending on the KRAS mutation status. This study analyzes the effect of carbamazepine on early-stage autophagy via ULK1 as well as simulates the docking of carbamazepine on KRAS, depending on the mutation status. Our study highlights the therapeutic uses of carbamazepine on cancer, and we propose that carbamazepine in conjunction with other chemotherapies may prove useful in targeting KRAS-mutated colorectal cancer.
Improvements in digital meteor spectra reduction
Authors: Šegon Marko , Vojáček Vlastimil , Borovička Jiří 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis study addresses the complexity and importance of developing a method of calibrating digital observations of meteor spectra with all-sky cameras. It aims to present novel approaches to spectral sensitivity, atmospheric extinction and flat-field corrections. Images of a known line emission spectrum were captured at various positions within the field of view using a camera with a fish-eye lens and plastic holographic grating. The flat-field correction was separated into a wavelength-independent and wavelength-dependent component, both dependent on the position of the spectral line in the field of view (FoV). Total profile intensities of spectra obtained from the images were compared throughout the spectral range at different positions in the FoV. The flat-field was constructed by fitting those dependencies with high-degree polynomial functions. Using a simplified atmospheric model, a novel approach was constructed to determine the atmospheric extinction curve throughout the spectral range, allowing it to be separately considered from the spectral sensitivity which was previously not the case. A comparison of the newly developed and previously used methodology was tested on several meteor spectra of the same meteor captured from different stations of the European Fireball Network. It revealed a significantly improved correspondence of the analysed spectra in the part of the spectral range unaffected by the limitations imposed by the newly developed methodology. Failing to follow the correct calibration methodology precisely may introduce varying degrees of uncertainty in computations of elemental abundances and other physical properties, depending on the equipment’s specific effect magnitude.
Comparison of gas sensing performances in various yarn types coated with polyaniline
Authors: Gozukizil Mehmet Fatih , Nayman Enes , Temel Sinan , Gokmen Fatma Ozge 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPolyaniline (PANI)-coated yarn samples were performed by dip coating method and characterized. Structural and morphological properties were investigated by FTIR and FESEM, respectively. Gas sensor applications of PANI-coated yarns were performed in a uniquely designed gas detection and control system. The usability of PANI-coated yarn samples as gas sensors was evaluated and the performances of different yarn types were compared. Conductivity changes of PANI-coated yarns exposed to CO and NH$$_3$$

3

gases were measured and the effects of these changes on gas sensing capabilities were analyzed. In CO gas applications, the responses of PANI-coated yarn samples in 400 ppm, 600 ppm, and 800 ppm were examined and it was determined that the polyamide yarn sample exhibited a significant conductivity increase. In NH$$_3$$

3

gas applications, the response times and recovery times of different yarn types in 400 ppm were evaluated and it was observed that cotton yarn sensors had high response times, though acrylic yarn sensors offered fast response times in general. The study demonstrates the potential of PANI-coated different yarn samples as gas sensors for wearable technology.
Self-efficacy in teaching mathematics and the use of effective pedagogical practices in New Zealand primary schools
Authors: Berg David A. G. , Ingram Naomi , Asil Mustafa , Ward Jenny , Smith Jeffrey K. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This study explored teachers’ self-efficacy in teaching mathematics (SETM) as related to their teaching profile and pedagogical practices. Using data from 327 New Zealand primary teachers, a multilevel structural equation model was constructed and analyzed that looked at the relationships among SETM and effective pedagogical practice scales and included characteristics related to the teachers and their schools. No significant gender, year level, or school socioeconomic differences were found with teachers’ SETM. Experienced teachers had significantly higher SETM scores than their inexperienced colleagues. Teachers who were self-efficacious in their mathematics teaching reported pedagogical practices known to be effective in the mathematics classroom in contrast to their low self-efficacy colleagues.
Persistence Probabilities of a Smooth Self-Similar Anomalous Diffusion Process
Authors: Aurzada Frank , Mittenbühler Pascal 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWe consider the persistence probability of a certain fractional Gaussian process $$M^H$$

M
H

that appears in the Mandelbrot-van Ness representation of fractional Brownian motion. This process is self-similar and smooth. We show that the persistence exponent of $$M^H$$

M
H

exists, is positive and continuous in the Hurst parameter H. Further, the asymptotic behaviour of the persistence exponent for $$H\downarrow 0$$

H
↓
0

and $$H\uparrow 1$$

H
↑
1

, respectively, is studied. Finally, for $$H\rightarrow 1/2$$

H
→
1
/
2

, the suitably renormalized process converges to a non-trivial limit with non-vanishing persistence exponent, contrary to the fact that $$M^{1/2}$$

M

1
/
2

vanishes.
Decadal decreasing trend in biological carbon pump estimated from 234Th in the western subarctic North Pacific
Authors: Kawakami Hajime 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWe measured thorium-234 (234Th), particulate organic carbon (POC), and chlorophyll a in the western subarctic North Pacific surface layer in 1997–2008. 234Th, POC, and chlorophyll a in the surface layer showed clear seasonal changes. As a result of approximation by using a trigonometric function, 234Th export flux estimated from the deficiency of 234Th relative to 238U and the ratio of POC to particulate 234Th (POC/234ThP) indicated constant and decreasing trends in the study area from 1997 to 2008, respectively. POC export flux estimated from 234Th decreased in the study area, showing that the strength of the biological carbon pump in this region declined in the studied decade. The ratio of POC/chlorophyll a decreased during the term. These trends were possibly caused by a decline in not the biomass but particle size of phytoplankton. Our results suggest that not only the biological carbon pump but also phytoplankton community structure change in the western subarctic Pacific Ocean in a decade.
SiO2/WO3/ZnO based self-cleaning coatings for solar cells
Authors: Koysuren Ozcan , Dhoska Klodian , Koysuren Hafize Nagehan , Markja Irida , Yaglikci Savas , Tuncel Bilge , Bebi Elena 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe accumulation of pollution and any kinds of contamination on the glass cover of the solar cell affects the efficiency of the photovoltaic (PV) systems. The contamination on the glass cover can absorb and reflect a certain part of the sunlight irradiation, which can decrease the intensity of the light coming in through the glass cover. With the study, it was planned to develop self-cleaning coatings for the PV systems. It was aimed to prevent or reduce the contamination-induced efficiency loss of the existing PV systems. In the scope of the project, SiO2/WO3 and SiO2/WO3/ZnO composites were coated from their solutions on the glass substrates using a dip-coating technique. WO3 was selected as a photocatalyst semiconductor. Under the UV light irradiation, WO3 could absorb the photons of the UV light, generating the photoinduced charge carriers. The photoexcited charge carriers provide both the photoinduced hydrophilicity on the surface of the coating and the photocatalytic degradation of the organic contaminants accumulated on the surface of the coating, which allows water droplets to spread and flow on the surface of the cover glass to remove the contaminations. However, the recombination rate of the photoexcited charge carriers on the WO3 film was high. In order to suppress the recombination of the photoinduced charge carriers, WO3 was coupled with SiO2 and ZnO. Both of these semiconductors improved the photocatalytic activity of the WO3 film. Although SiO2 has superior features in terms of the light transmission, it was not very effective under UV light as a photocatalyst alone. The widely preferred photocatalyst ZnO was added into the composite film structure to enhance the photocatalytic activity. The self-cleaning mechanism of the film coatings on a solar cell was investigated through the photocatalytic dye removal efficiency on the as-prepared film samples. There was a slight decrease in the light transparency and the solar cell efficiency because of the WO3 content of the composite film. On the other hand, coupling the SiO2/WO3 film with ZnO enhanced the photocatalytic activity, and it suppressed the reduction effect of the WO3 phase on both the light transparency and the solar cell efficiency. The photocatalytic dye removal efficiency was increased to over 90% after 240 min of UVA light irradiation. In addition, the solar cell coated with the SiO2/WO3/ZnO film provided almost the same solar cell efficiency as the uncoated solar cell. The water contact angle measurement also exhibited the photocatalytic degradation of the model contamination on the glass cover of the solar cell under the UVA light irradiation.
Graphical Abstract
Direct and indirect impacts of land use/cover change on urban heat environment: a 15-year panel data study across 365 Chinese cities during summer daytime and nighttime
Authors: He Tong , Wang Nan , Chen Jiayue , Wu Feng , Xu Xinliang , Liu Luo , Han Dongrui , Sun Zongyao , Lu Yingshuang , Hao Yan , Qiao Zhi 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Context
Land use/cover change (LUCC) can directly and indirectly affect surface urban heat island intensity (SUHII) and the effects need to be decomposed.

Objectives
To perform long-term trend analyses of contribution indexes (CIs) of land use types to urban heat environment in cities and to deconstruct direct and indirect effects of LUCC on SUHII within geographical regions.

Methods
Mann–Kendall test and Sen’s slope were used to examine the trends of CIs and SUHII in 365 cities during summer of 2005–2019. Structural equation models were established to quantify direct and indirect effects of land use types’ CIs on SUHII in six geographical regions of China.

Results
First, SUHII in 78.08% and 73.70% of the Chinese cities increased during summer daytime and nighttime, respectively. Second, the CI of built-up land significantly increased across more than half of the cities in all the six regions. Third, not all land use types exerted both direct and indirect effects on SUHII. At daytime, the CI of cropland (direct) was the dominant factor in East China (1.386), South-central (− 0.637), and Northwest (− 0.399) regions. At nighttime, the CI of water bodies (both direct and indirect) was the dominant factor in Northwest (0.506) and Northeast (0.697) regions while CI of built-up land (both direct and indirect) determined in North China (0.476).

Conclusions
Separation of direct and indirect effects of land use types on SUHII had practical implications for cities to optimize the structures and functions of ecosystems and to take regionally based actions improving the urban heat environment.