bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Atherosclerosis precursors in Finnish children and adolescents. I. General description of the cross‐sectional study of 1980, and an account of the children's and families' state of health
Authors: ÅKERBLOM H. K. , VIIKARI J. , UHARI M. , RÄSÄNEN L. , BYCKLING T. , LOUHIVUORI K. , PESONEN E. , SUONINEN P. , PIETIKÄINEN M. , LÄHDE P.‐L. , DAHL M. , AROMAA A. , SARNA S. , PYÖRÄLÄ K. 
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT. The paper describes the general outline of a multicentre study on the risk factors of coronary heart disease (CHD) and their determinants in children of various ages in different parts of Finland. The study was a cross‐sectional one, and was carried out in 1980 in five university cities of Finland with medical schools and in 12 rural communities in their vicinity. The randomized sample included an equal number of boys and girls, aged 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, and 18 years, and an equal number of urban and rural population in each area. The total sample size was 4,320 subjects, and of these 3,596 participated (83.1 %). The families received before the medical examination of the child, questionnaires on the Socioeconomic background, the child's general health and development, the parents’and grandparents’health status, and the child's food and exercise habits. At the physical examination also a fasting blood sample (lipids, insulin, trace elements) was taken, a bundle of hair was cut for trace element analysis, and a 48‐hour recall on food intake was obtained from every second subject.19.5 % of the children had in their history some long‐term disease, allergic diseases being the most common. CHD and other cardiovascular diseases were significantly more frequent among the grandparents and parents in eastern than in western Finland. The study is meant to be a basis for a longitudinal study.
Influence of the Maternal Plasma Glucose Concentration at Delivery on the Risk of Hypoglycaemia in Infants of Insulin‐Dependent Diabetic Mothers
Authors: ANDERSEN O. , HERTEL J. , SCHMØLKER L. , KÜHL C. 
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACTPlasma glucose concentrations at birth and at two hours of age were measured in 53 infants of insulin‐dependent mothers (IDMs). The plasma glucose concentrations at delivery were measured in the mothers of 17 IDMs and in the remaining 36 mothers, glucose was estimated by interpolation from concentrations achieved just before and after delivery. Clinical and laboratory data from the two groups were otherwise similar, so the groups were combined for further analyses. The maternal plasma glucose at delivery correlated positively with the glucose concentration of the IDMs at birth (Q=0.82, p<0.001) and negatively with the glucose concentration at two hours of age (Q= ‐0.46, p<0.001). Maternal plasma glucose concentration was higher in mothers delivered by caesarean section than in vaginally delivered mothers (p<0.05). Eleven IDMs became hypoglycaemic at two hours of life (plasma glucose ≥1.7 mmol/1). These infants had higher cord plasma glucose concentrations at birth than those who remained normoglycaemic; the maternal glucose concentration was also higher. None of the IDMs became hypoglycaemic if the maternal glucose concentration at delivery was less than 7.1 mmol/l. In 28 IDMs the simultaneous plasma concentrations of non‐antibodybound immunoreactive insulin (IRI) were recorded. Cord plasma IRI correlated with glucose and IRI at two hours of age (Q=‐0.73, p<0.001 and Q=0.77, p<0.001, respectively). Cord plasma IRI was higher in IDMs who became hypoglycaemic than in the remaining infants. The results suggest that among the factors which may be responsible for neonatal hypoglycaemia in IDMs a major factor may be the maternal plasma glucose concentration at the time of delivery.
Peripheral Facial Palsy in Children: A Cerebrospinal Fluid Study
Authors: SANDSTEDT P. , HYDEN D. , ODKVIST L. M. , KOSTULAS V. 
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACTSeven children and five adults with acute, peripheral facial palsy were investigated by clinical, blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examinations. Routine blood examinations and blood and CSF serological tests were normal. In all children studied the CSF showed an increased number of mononuclear white cells despite the absence of clinical signs of meningitis in all but one. Two of the twelve patients studied had normal CSF. Contrary to that in adults the outcome in children was excellent, all recovered totally within three months. The present study indicates that acute, peripheral facial palsy is a manifestation of a generalized disorder with subclinical pathology of the central nervous system, and that in children a lumbar puncture should be done, even if there are no signs of meningitis.
Malrotation in Children with Symptoms of Gastrointestinal Allergy and Psychosomatic Abdominal Pain
Authors: KULLENDORFF C. M. , MIKAELSSON C. , IVANCEV K. 
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACTThree children with malrotation 4.5, 5 and 9 years old at operation are presented. Their preliminary diagnoses were gastrointestinal (GI) allergy, GI allergy with colon irritabile and psychosomatic abdominal pain. They were treated on an outpatient basis under these diagnoses for more than two years before their malrotations were discovered. In two children radiology did not demonstrate any signs of intestinal obstruction and in one of these children repeated radiological examinations were necessary for the diagnosis of malrotation. Operative findings were chronic volvulus with compromised blood flow and obstructive duodenal bands. The third child suffered acute strangulation ileus with gangrene of the intestines before diagnosis was made. We conclude that special consideration must be given to the possibility of malrotation when treating and radiologically investigating children with GI disturbances.
Respiratory Failure and Multiple Fractures in Vitamin D‐Oependent Rickets
Authors: ALPAN G. , MOGLE P. , PATZ D. , AVITAL A. , BAB I. 
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACTA 20‐month‐old boy presented with multiple fractures and respiratory failure. He was found to have vitamin D‐dependent rickets. The rickets did not improve with phosphate, calcium and calciferol. The rickets healed, however, with large doses of l‐alpha‐hydroxycholecalci‐ferol. The presentation is unusual and the response to therapy suggests metabolic heterogeneity in vitamin D‐dependent rickets.
Bacterial Colonization and Neonatal Infections
Authors: MEBERG A. , SCHØYEN R. 
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACTIn a prospective randomized study different regimens for skin and umbilical disinfection in newborn infants were tested: daily whole body soap wash (control group), daily whole body soap wash and umbilical cleansing with (i) benzine solution, or (ii) 0.05 % chlorhexidine, and daily whole body wash and umbilical cleansing with a 4 % chlorhexidine detergent solution (Hibiscrub®). Bacterial cultures were taken from the nose and umbilical area at discharge. Clinical infections were registered in the nursery, and after discharge until 6 weeks of age. Cultures were taken from infected areas. In the control group a high colonization rate was found for S. aureus (91 %), E. coli (39 %), and group B streptococci (GBS) (20 %). The colonization rates were influenced by the Hibiscrub regimen (colonization rate for S. aureus 59 %, E. coli 23 %, and GBS 10 %), but not by the other regimens. Infections (pemphigus, paronychia, conjunctivitis, umbilical infection) occurred in 12.9 % of the infants, of whom 65 % got infection after discharge from the nursery. 96 % of the infections were caused by S. aureus, and 87 % caused by strains colonizing the infants in the nursery. None of the tested regimens reduced the rate of infections during the first 6 weeks of life.
Oral Rehydration Therapy in Neonates and Young Infants with Infectious Diarrhoea
Authors: MARIN L. , SANÉR G. , SÖKÜCÜ S. , GÜNOZ H. , ZETTERSTRÖM R. 
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT. The clinical response and changes in water and salt homeostasis during ORT was studied in 15 infants less than 2 months old (range 2–50 days) with acute diarrhoea. Eight patients were neonates and 7 were 1–2 months old. The oral rehydration solution contained 60 mmol sodium per litre. All patients except one were successfully rehydrated. The fluid retention was significantly higher in neonates and young infants than in infants above 3 months of age treated in the same way. One patient in the group of neonates who had a normal sodium level on admission developed Hypernatremia with a sodium level of 162 mmol/l 36 hours after the start of ORT. The urinary sodium excretion was lower in the neonates than in the young infants.The results show that neonates and young infants have a lower capacity than older infants to excrete water and salt and therefore run a great risk of developing fluid and salt retention during ORT. The risk is most pronounced in neonates who, due to immaturity of the renal function, are unable to excrete excess fluid and salt.
An epidemiological study of injuries to children as car passengers in road traffic accidents
Authors: GUSTAFSSON H. , NYGREN Å. , TINGVALL C. 
Published: January 2008

Injured child car occupants were compared with injured adults in respect to various factors, namely the risk of injury, the severity and pattern of the injuries, lost years, end the risk of serious consequences, such as death and disability.The material used was codad according to the Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) and some injured children and adults were followed up for five years to study long‐term consequences. The Injury Severity Score (ISS) was used to assess the severity of multiple injuries.It was found that children and adults have different trauma epidemiology patterns, but that the methods wed to asseas injuries in adults can be applied to children, with some modifications concerning the risk of disability.Protective measures should be focused on the head region, as both fatal and disabling injuries occur mainly in this part of the body.
Injuries to restrained children in cars involved in traffic accidents
Authors: TINGVALL C. 
Published: January 2008

In road traffic accident research, injuries to persons protected by any safety measure are important subjects of study, as they may provide information on ways in which the measure in question can be developed further.In the present study injuries to children wearing protective restraints who were injured as car passengers in traffic accidents were analysed. The material consisted of all such injured children reported to the police during an 18‐month period. Drivers of the cars in which the children were injured were, when possible, contacted and questioned concerning restraint use, type of restraint, injuries and injury sources. All injuries were coded according to the Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS). The Injury Severity Score (ISS) and the risk of permanent disability were calculated.The material was complementary added with such cases that were not reported by the police but to an insurance company.It is concluded that although child restraints are effective, injuries still occur and thus give reason for further development of car interior safety for children.
SOCIAL ADJUSTMENT AND FUNCTIONING OF CHRONICALLY ILL AND IMPARED CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS
Authors: Sillanpää Matti 
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACTA cluster sample of 532 children aged 8 to 19 years with certain impairments were compared to a matched sample of 316 healthy children of the same age. Almost half (46 %) of the impaired had a disability, which was mostly in the domain of body disposition ability (in 88 %), behaviour (63 %) and situational functioning (54 %). In the controls, where 12 % had some kind of disability, the corresponding figures were 13 %, 11 % and 15 %. The most disabling conditions were CP (67 % handicapped), MBD (52 %) and epilepsy (42 %). The most frequent non‐compènsated handicaps were those of occupation (44 % of impaired), mobility (31 %) and social integration (22 %). More than one handicap was associated most frequently with CP (76 %) and with epilepsy (36 %). Neurological impairments are more disabling and handicapping than non‐neurological ones, with the exception of mobility and occupation handicaps in asthmatics.
Clinical Trial with Authentic Recombinant Somatropin in Japan
Authors: TAKANO KAZUE , SHIZUME KAZUO , HIBI ITSURO , OKUNO AKIMASA , HIRONORINAKAJIMA  , SUWA SEIZO , NOGAWA TAKAYUKI , KONDO TAKUMA , MOMOI TOHRU , IWATANI NORITAKA , SHIRAKAWA ETSUHISA , KOHNO HITOSHI 
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT.Recombinant somatropin, produced by recombinant DNA technology, was administered by injection in daily doses of 8 IU to six healthy young volunteers. Daily injection for 4 days did not cause any significant change in the results of physical examination, blood count or urinalysis. Non‐esterified fatty acid levels increased significantly from 0.45 ± 0.16 to 1.08 ± 0.12 mEq/litre (mean SEM) at 4 hours after the first injection (p<0.001). Plasma IGF‐1 levels increased from 0.80 ± 0.14 units/ml to 1.72 ± 0.50, 3.22 ± 1.02, 3.17 ± 1.20 and 3.63 ± 0.78 units/ml at 24 hours after each daily injection for 4 days (p<0.001). Plasma hGH reached peak levels at 3 hours after intramuscular injection of recombinant somatropin, 4 IU, and this peak value was 57.3 ± 2.8 ng/ml. A total of 21 patients with pituitary dwarfism were also treated with recombinant somatropin for 6 months at a dose of 0.5 IU/kg/week. Their heights increased by 2.2–5.0 cm during the 6 months of treatment, which was calculated to be equivalent to 4.4–10.0 cm/year with a mean growth rate of 7.4 ± 0.4 cm/year. Anti‐hGH antibody with a titre of 10 was observed in two patients at the end of 6 months of treatment.
Preliminary Results of Authentic Recombinant Somatropin Treatment in Human Growth Hormone Deficient Children. French Collaborative Study
Authors: RAPPAPORT R. 
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT.A total of 50 children with hGH deficiency have been enrolled in a multicentre open trial of recombinant somatropin in France. Recombinant somatropin, 0.2 IU/kg s.c, was administered 3 times/week (0.6 IU/kg/week). Results are available after 3 months’treatment for 24 of the patients (11 prepubertal, 13 pubertal). The mean growth rate increased from 3.8 ± 1.5 cm/year to 9.9 ± 3.6 cm/year. Only one child developed anti‐hGH antibodies with a very low binding capacity of 0.02 mg/litre; adverse events were uncommon and probably unrelated to treatment.
Clinical Trial with Authentic Recombinant Somatropin in Sweden and Finland
Authors: ALBERTSSON‐WIKLAND KERSTIN 
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT.A total of 47 prepubertal children with hGH deficiency were treated for up to 6 months with recombinant somatropin. All the children markedly increased their growth rate; 21 of them were naive (not previously treated with hGH), and increased their growth rate from 4.2 ± 0.2 cm/year to 13.9 ± 0.9 cm/year (calculated from growth data after 6 months’treatment, n = 11). Of the 47 children, 26 had been previously treated for 2 ± 0.3 years (range 0.3 ‐ 8.3 years) with pituitary hGH. After a period of 0.9 ± 0.03 years (range 5–15 months) without any hGH therapy, their growth rate increased from 2.9 cm/year to 11.1 cm/year on recombinant somatropin therapy (calculated from growth data after 6 months’treatment, n = 10). One child reacted with temporary local erythema at the injection site. Anti‐hGH antibodies, with a binding capacity of 0.02 mg/litre, were detected in 1 of the 16 children after 6 months of therapy. No adverse effect on her growth rate was seen. No changes in levels of antibodies to Escherichia coli proteins were detected. No other allergic manifestations or systemic side‐effects were demonstrable.
Nine Months' Subcutaneous Therapy with Synthetic Growth Hormone Releasing Factor in Children with Short Stature
Authors: HÜMMELINK R. , ROHWEDDER R. , SIPPELL W.G. 
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT.The growth promoting potential of GRF(1–29)NH2 was studied in nine boys with short stature over three periods of 3 months. Their short stature was due to partial hGH deficiency/hGH neurosecretory dysfunction and was diagnosed by arginine and insulin stimulation tests and hGH nocturnal profiles. Four patients (Group I) were given GRF, 3–4 μg/kg s.c. b.d. during the first period of 3 months, and after an interval of 1 month, the same dose once daily during the second treatment period of 3 months. Five patients (Group II) were given GRF, 3–4 μg/kg s.c., once daily during the first and b.d. during the second 3 months of therapy. After a second interval of 1 month without any GRF treatment, the third 3‐month period for both groups consisted of one daily injection of GRF, 8–10 μg/kg s.c. at 19.00 hours. Total body height and lower leg length were measured by stadiometry and knemometry, respectively. GRF intravenous bolus tests were performed in each patient following fasting, before and at the end of the first and second 3‐month periods. Serum IGF–1 and urinary hydroxyproline excretion were determined monthly. Stadiometric growth rate, determined over the whole study period of 11 months including the treatment‐free intervals, increased from 4.92 cm/year to 5.97 cm/year (p>0.05). Mean knemometric growth rates increased from 0.28 mm/week before therapy, to 0.35 mm/week during the one injection/day period at low dose, to 0.39 mm/week (p<0.05) during the b.d. period, and to 0.40 mm/week during the last 3 months of high‐dose GRF given once daily. IGF‐1 levels increased during GRF therapy and were highest during the high‐dose period. Urinary hydroxyproline excretion and peak plasma hGH levels after intravenous GRF did not correlate with the GRF dose administered in any of the treatment phases. GRF dose and frequency of administration were probably suboptimal in this group of patients; higher dose frequencies might be necessary to achieve growth rates comparable with those observed during hGH substitution therapy.
Can the Knemometer Shorten the Time for Growth Rate Assessment?
Authors: HERMANUSSEN MICHAEL , GEIGER‐BENOIT KARIN , BURMEISTER JENS , SIPPELL WOLFGANG G. 
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT.Hermanussen, M., Geiger‐Benoit, K., Burmeister, J., and Sippell, W. G. (Endocrine Unit, Department of Paediatrics, Children's Hospital, and Institute for Jnformatics and Practical Mathematics, University of Kiel, Kiel, West Germany. Acta Paediatr Scand [Suppl] 337:30, 1987.A total of 105 healthy children of both sexes and various ages were measured once or twice weekly by knemometry over periods of 161–202 days on 11–50 occasions. These data were used to calculate percentiles of the predictive error that occurred if short‐term lower leg length differences were used to extrapolate half‐annual growth rates. From these data, and observations on day‐to‐day variations of the lower leg length, it was concluded that growth rates derived from single differences between two consecutive lower leg length measurements are invalid and without predictive power for mean long‐term lower leg increments. However, a novel statistical approach is presented, which results in the evaluation of daily lower leg growth rates to visualize quasi‐continuous growth kinetics. Examples of successful and unsuccessful growth promoting therapeutic interventions are provided to demonstrate knemometric assessment of a significant modification of short‐term growth kinetics.
A National Cooperative Growth Study of Protropin
Authors: SHERMAN BARRY M. 
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT.Sherman, B. M. (Department of Clinical Research, Genentech Inc, South San Francisco, California, USA). A National Cooperative Growth Study of Protropin. Acta Paediatr Scand [Suppl] 337:106, 1987.Nearly 2000 hGH deficient patients have been enrolled in a study of Protropin and followed up for up to 1 year. This has provided valuable information on the character of this population and its response to therapy. Overall there was a predominance of males, with a disproportionate number of short mothers. The mean Protropin dose was 0.07 mg/kg, given three timedweek. There was a significant dose‐response relationship up to 0.125 mg/kg three timedweek.
Assessment of Quality of Life in Chronic Diseases
Authors: JÖNSSON B. 
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT.Jönsson, B. (Department of Health and Society, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden). Assessment of quality of life in chronic diseases. Acta Paediatr Scand [Suppl] 337:164, 1987.Quality of life refers to a person's subjective perceptions of his or her well‐being, and undertaking an assessment of quality of life involves a number of methodological considerations. Indeed, a number of studies have applied methods for such assessments in chronic disease. These studies are relevant as a means of optimizing treatment and for establishing priorities on health care resources.
TRENDS IN TEMPERAMENT RESEARCH
Authors: TURUNEN MERJA‐MAARIA 
Published: January 2008

Abstract. The paper focuses on current concepts of temperament that has led to different approaches within the field of temperament research.The concept of temperament has interested scholars from ancient Greece until modern European and American research teams (1). Also in Soviet psychology temperament is getting attention (2). In Finland temperament research has advanced on two different lines.There is widespread agreement that temperament is a group of related traits and not just one trait attributed to the child. Controversy exists as to what extent temperament is an inborn characteristic of the child and to what extent temperament is born in the interactions between the child and his environment. Although there is controversy between structural and functional approaches, there is consensus of some points. First: temperament is generally regarded as a tendency existing over long periods of time rather than being visible in single behavioral acts. Second: temperament traits are genetically transmitted and this biological basis has been shown in several twin studies. Temperament concerns differences between individuals and not species‐general characteristics.Temperament research has a tradition of putting emphasis on infancy. In adulthood temperament traits are more difficult to pin down. Pioneering researchers in the field, Chess and Thomas, have suggested that pure temperament traits might in adult personality be seen only in situations where new environmental challenges render former coping skills ineffective. Temperament research is still very scarce concerning adult personality though there are some studies about the role of affect in adult personality.Two basic temperament traits are generally accepted: activity level and emotionality, for the rest there are disagreements. The best known classification comes from Chess and Thomas and consists of nine categories: rhytmicity of biological functions, activity level, approach to or withdrawal from new stimuli, adaptability, sensory trees hold, predominant quality of mood, intensity of mood expressions, distractibility and persistence/attention span. They have identified three clusters of temperament: easy, difficult and slow‐to‐warm‐up. Especially the concept of difficult temperament has aroused discussion high lightening the difficulties in extracting what is supposed to be biologically inherited trait of personality and what is born in the interaction with the environment. These