bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of extracellular δ‐catenin accumulation for prostate cancer detection
Authors: Lu Qun , Zhang Jiao , Allison Ron , Gay Hiram , Yang Wan‐Xi , Bhowmick Neil A. , Frelix Gloria , Shappell Scott , Chen Yan‐Hua 
Published: December 2008

AbstractBACKGROUNDProstate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death in men, and early detection is essential to reduce mortality and increase survival. δ‐Catenin is a unique β‐catenin superfamily protein primarily expressed in the brain but is upregulated in human prostatic adenocarcinomas. Despite its close correlation with the disease, it is unclear whether δ‐catenin presents the potential in prostate cancer screening because it is an intracellular protein. In this study, we investigated the hypothesis of δ‐catenin accumulation in the urine of prostate cancer patients and its potential pathways of excretion into extracellular milieu.METHODSProstate cancer cell cultures, human tissue biopsies, and voided urines were characterized to determine extracellular δ‐catenin accumulation and co‐isolation with exosomes/prostasomes.RESULTSWe identified δ‐catenin in culture media and in the stroma of human prostate cancer tissues. In PC‐3 cells in culture, δ‐catenin was partially co‐localized and co‐isolated with raft‐associated membrane protein caveolin‐1 and glycosylphosphatidylinositol‐anchored protein CD59, suggesting its potential excretion into extracellular milieu through exosome/prostasome associated pathways. Interference with endocytic pathway using wortmannin did not block prostasome excretion, but δ‐catenin overexpression promoted the extracellular accumulation of caveolin‐1. δ‐Catenin, caveolin‐1, and CD59 were all detected in cell‐free human voided urine prostasomes. δ‐Catenin immunoreactivity was significantly increased in the urine of prostate cancer patients (P < 0.0005).CONCLUSIONSThis study demonstrated, for the first time, the extracellular accumulation of δ‐catenin in urine supporting its potential utility for non‐invasive prostate cancer detection. Prostate 69:411–418, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Strigolactones: ecological significance and use as a target for parasitic plant control
Authors: López‐Ráez Juan A , Matusova Radoslava , Cardoso Catarina , Jamil Muhammad , Charnikhova Tatsiana , Kohlen Wouter , Ruyter‐Spira Carolien , Verstappen Francel , Bouwmeester Harro 
Published: December 2008

AbstractParasitic weeds cause severe damage to important agricultural crops. Although some promising control methods against these parasitic plants have been developed, new strategies continue to be relevant in integrated approaches. The life cycle for root parasitic weeds is intimately associated with their host and is a suitable target for such new control strategies, particularly when directed at the early stages of the host–parasite interaction. Here, the authors focus on knowledge of the germination stimulants—strigolactones—for the root parasitic plants Striga and Orobanche spp. and discuss their biosynthetic origin, ecological significance and physiological and biochemical regulation. In addition, the existing and possible new control strategies that are based on this knowledge, and that could lead to more efficient control methods against these root parasitic weeds, are reviewed. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Enhanced red emission in CaTiO3:Pr3+,Bi3+,B3+ phosphors
Authors: Tang Wanjun , Chen Donghua 
Published: December 2008

AbstractCaTiO3:Pr3+,Bi3+,B3+ red phosphor particles were prepared by a peroxide‐based route. X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and photoluminescence (PL) were utilized to characterize the resulting phosphors. Bi3+ codoping improves the excitation properties, especially under near‐UV (370–400 nm) light excitation. A small amount of B2O3 can act as a flux to accelerate the formation of CaTiO3 host lattice and improve the PL properties of CaTiO3:Pr3+,Bi3+ phosphor. Under UV excitation, the strongest red emission is obtained from CaTiO3:0.05%Pr3+, 1.0%Bi3+,0.3B3+. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Temperature and external‐cavity tuning of high‐power GaAsP laser diode
Authors: Bercha A. , Trzeciakowski W. , Opachko I. I. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractWide‐range temperature tuning of 733 nm GaAsP laser diode has been combined with tuning by external grating. Temperature tuning (down to 87 K) yields the 40 nm range (from 733 nm to 693 nm) with reduced threshold currents and external efficiencies above 1 W/A. High power up to 2 W is achieved in the full tuning range. Fine tuning with grating allows for narrower linewidth but the tuning range decreases from 9 nm at 293 K to zero at 130 K. The wavelength range covered by temperature tuning fills the gap between GaAsP quantum‐well lasers and InGaP/AlGaInP red lasers. High power lasers operating between 690 nm and 730 nm could be useful in medical applications involving photo‐dynamic therapy. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Rapid thermal annealing effects on electrical and structural properties of Pd/Au Schottky contacts to n‐type InP(111)
Authors: Reddy M. Bhaskar , Janardhanam V. , Kumar A. Ashok , Reddy V. Rajagopal , Reddy P. Narasimha 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe effects of rapid thermal annealing on the electrical and structural properties of Pd/Au Schottky contacts to n‐type InP(111) have been investigated by current–voltage (I–V), capacitance–voltage (C–V) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) measurements. The barrier height of the as‐deposited Pd/Au Schottky contact was found to be 0.46 eV (I–V) and 0.70 eV (C–V) respectively. It is observed that the Schottky barrier height increases with annealing temperature and found maximum values of 0.51 eV (I–V) and 0.92 eV (C–V) annealed at 400 °C for 1 min in the nitrogen atmosphere. However, after annealing the sample at 500 °C resulted in the decrease of barrier height and values are 0.40 eV (I–V) and 0.60 eV (C–V). The AFM results showed that the surface morphology of the contact annealed at 500 °C is fairly smooth with a RMS roughness 1.9 nm. Based on the XRD results, the formation of indium phases at the Pd/Au/n‐InP interface could be the reason for the increase in the Schottky barrier height at 400 °C. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Large effect of the deformation on magnetoresistance of stretched and compressed thin polycrystalline Bi films
Authors: Tolutis Rimantas Aleksandras , Balevičius Saulius 
Published: December 2008

AbstractSubstantial influence of uniaxial stretch S and compression P on resistivity ρ and magnetoresistance (MR) of high‐quality polycrystalline Bi films consisting of up to 200 μm length crystallites was observed. The investigated 1.5 μm thick films were deposited on non‐crystalline substrate and annealed at critical temperature close to the film melting temperature. The experimental results are interpreted on the basis of improved polycrystalline Bi thin film model, including the electron intervalley repopulation in deformed film crystallites. It was found that S and P cause different dependence of ρ and MR on the magnetic field strength. The effect of P on ρ and MR is of opposite sign as compared to S and is larger than that for S. In a strong non‐quantizing magnetic field region the transverse ρ appeared to be independent of the deformation. The calculations show that in n‐Bi films the effect of P on ρ at 77 K can be many times larger because the T‐holes in Bi films significantly reduce the effect of deformation. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Effect of loaded TiO2 nanofiller on heteropolyacid‐impregnated PVDF polymer electrolyte for the performance of dye‐sensitized solar cells
Authors: Anandan Sambandam , Sivakumar Radhakrishnan 
Published: December 2008

AbstractIn order to improve the performance of the dye‐sensitized solar cells based on polymer electrolytes, heteropolyacid impregnated polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) with loaded TiO2 nanofiller were prepared to mainly impede the back electron transfer processes. The prepared polymer electrolytes were well characterized before using them in solar cells. The SEM image confirms that the prepared polymer electrolytes have extended porosity with intersecting cavities of few nanometer in size. The functioning of the solar cells fabricated was monitored and the current–voltage characteristics were measured. The observed long term stability of the fabricated solar cells may be due to the redox couple mobility of the polymer chain increases upon addition of titania nanofiller. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
In‐situ boron doping of chemical‐bath deposited CdS thin films
Authors: Khallaf Hani , Chai Guangyu , Lupan Oleg , Chow Lee , Heinrich Helge , Park S. , Schulte Alfons 
Published: December 2008

AbstractIn‐situ boron doping of CdS using chemical‐bath deposition (CBD) is reported. The effect of B doping on optical properties, as well as electrical properties, crystal structure, chemistry, and morphology of CdS films is studied. We present a successful approach towards B doping of CdS using CBD, where a resistivity as low as 1.7 × 10–2 Ω cm and a carrier density as high as 1.91 × 1019 cm–3 were achieved. The bandgap of B‐doped films was found to slightly decrease as the [B]/[Cd] ratio in the solution increases. X‐ray diffraction studies showed B3+ ions likely enter the lattice substitutionally. A phase transition, due to annealing, as well as induced lattice defects, due to B doping, were detected by micro‐Raman spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The chemistry and morphology of films were unaffected by B doping. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Concentrating PV system based on spectral separation of solar radiation
Authors: Vincenzi Donato , Busato Alessandro , Stefancich Marco , Martinelli Giuliano 
Published: December 2008

AbstractIn this paper we will describe a concentrating photovoltaic (CPV) system featuring spectral separation of the solar radiation. The newly designed concentrator structure provides both the spectral separation and the solar light concentration. The two caustics generated by the CPV system are spaced apart in such a way to illuminate two dense arrays of single junction Si and InGaP cells. Each of these PV receivers operate in a spectral region where its solar cells best perform, and thus they can be optimized independently of each other. Tuning the cutoff wavelength of the spectral separation system, the overall system efficiency is expected to reach 29.5% even with simple single‐junctions PV receivers. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Injection current‐dependent quantum efficiency of InGaN‐based light‐emitting diodes on sapphire and GaN substrates
Authors: Yang Y. , Cao X. A. , Yan C. H. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractWe studied the nonthermal mechanism of quantum efficiency (QE) roll‐off in InGaN‐based multiple‐quantum‐well LEDs on sapphire and bulk GaN substrates with In content ranging from 1% to 28%. Both the efficiency evolution and peak energy shift appear to be strongly dependent on the In content, but nearly independent of the dislocation density in the active region. The QE of the green LED peaks at a current density as low as 1.4 A/cm2, and decreases dramatically as current is increased, whereas the UV LED has a nearly constant QE at currents up to 1 kA/cm2. In contrast to minimal current‐induced peak shift and spectral broadening in the near‐UV and UV LED, the green LED has a monotonic peak blueshift of a total amount of ∼110 meV and a spectral broadening by a factor of 2. These results lead to a conclusion that carrier delocalization followed by nonradiative recombination at misfit defects is the major nonthermal mechanism of the efficiency roll‐off in InGaN‐based visible LEDs. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A micron‐sized nanoporous multifunction sensing device
Authors: Codinachs L. Moreno i , Birkenstock C. , Garma T. , Zierold R. , Bachmann J. , Nielsch K. , Schöning M. J. , Morral A. Fontcuberta i 
Published: December 2008

AbstractIn this work, a capacitive sensor based on Anodic Aluminium Oxide (AAO) porous structures has been developed. In some cases, the pores have been also conformally coated with a high chemical pure SiO2by means of Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD). Temperature measurements have been done in DI water obtaining a response of 5 nF/°C. pH measurements have been performed and the responses obtained are between 0.2 and 1 nF/pH. The reproducibility of the sensors has been found to be high and a larger hysteresis effect has been observed in the samples with alumina pores rather than in the SiO2ones. The hysteresis seems to be related to the charging of the oxide upon application of a voltage. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Long‐term results of quality of life after standard laparoscopic vs. robot‐assisted laparoscopic fundoplications for gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease. A comparative clinical trial
Authors: Hartmann Jens , Menenakos Charalambos , Ordemann Juergen , Nocon Marc , Raue Wieland , Braumann Chris 
Published: December 2008

AbstractBackgroundThe role of telematic surgical approach in gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is still unclear.MethodsThe aim of the study is to assess disease specific symptoms and quality of life in patients with GERD treated with either traditional laparoscopic (TL) or robot‐assisted fundoplication using the Da Vinci™ system (DV) in long‐term follow‐up.ResultsEighty patients underwent a fundoplication in 2003. Four years later all patients were given a standardized questionnaire and 59 (74%) replied. The TL group included 44 patients (18 male/26 female) and the DV group 15 patients (9 male/6 female); the mean operating time was 116 min for the TL group and 207 min for the DV group (p < 0.001). The mean GIQLI score was 106 points for TL and 107 points in the DV (p > 0.05).ConclusionsAlthough a safe and feasible procedure, high functional costs of the Da Vinci system and longer operating time prevent this operation from being the standard surgical procedure for GERD. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Computer‐assisted surgery for dynamic hip screw, using Surgix©, a novel intraoperative guiding system
Authors: Herman Amir , Dekel Assaf , Botser Itamar B. , Steinberg Ely L. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractBackgroundWe present Surgix©, a new computer‐assisted surgery system (CASS). This system uses image analysis technology in order to measure three‐dimensional (3D) distances, visualize implant templates and view the guided trajectory on standard fluoroscopy. Our purpose was to compare surgery results and technique with and without the Surgix CASS.MethodsThe study included 61 dynamic hip screw (DHS) procedures. The Surgix system was used in 41 procedures. We compared the number of guide wire insertion trials and the time needed for each trial, the number of X‐ray pulses, tip–apex index, nine‐quadrant position and shaft–neck angle.ResultsThe procedures were carried out by experienced users (≥ five operations, using the system) and had a first‐trial guide wire insertion success rate of 77.8%, compared to a rate of 10% for the control group (p = 0.001) and fewer insertion trials (1.33 vs. 3.05, respectively; p = 0.001). The mean number of fluoroscopy pulses was 41.5% lower for the experienced group than for the control (17.6 vs. 30.1; p = 0.009). There were no significant differences in tip–apex distance, favourable quadrant screw placement or neck–shaft angle.ConclusionThe results of this study demonstrate that the Surgix CASS significantly improves the accuracy of hardware positioning and reduces radiation exposure time, thus enhancing patient outcome. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A survey of anonymity in wireless communication systems
Authors: Chen Hui , Xiao Yang , Hong Xiaoyan , Hu Fei , Xie Jiang (Linda) 
Published: December 2008

AbstractAnonymity is an important security aspect of wireless communications and has continuously attracted significant attention. Implementing anonymity of mobile users not only protects their privacy but also reduces the chances of attacks based on impersonation; therefore security can be improved. Untraceability is a related issue to anonymity. If a user is traceable, its hidden identity can be revealed through profiling the activities associated to a user. In this paper, we conduct a survey on anonymity issues of wireless communication systems. We first discuss general issues of anonymity in wireless communication systems. Then we survey some protocols in the literature, which are designed for wireless mobile systems as well as wirelessad hocnetworks. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Unbundling competitive heterogeneity: incentive structures and capability influences on technological innovation
Authors: Leiblein Michael J. , Madsen Tammy L. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractMany studies argue that the continual creation of new ideas by small and young firms steadily destroys the competitive positions of their larger, more established rivals. Despite this attention, empirical results relating firm size to innovation remain exceedingly fragile. This study proposes three reasons for the empirical inconsistencies in the literature: that small and large firms differ in their: (1) stock of technological experiences, (2) use of own‐ and partner‐firm experiences, and (3) abilities to translate own‐ and partner‐firm experiences into innovation activity. Results from a 10‐year study of 463 semiconductor firms demonstrate that the mixed findings generated from prior work are partially attributed to these three general propositions. In particular, resource flows, in the form of operating experience developed internally and accessed through codevelopment partners, positively affect innovation activity; but these benefits diminish as a firm increases in size. The findings broadly support the notion that differences in the incentives and abilities of small and large firms give rise to heterogeneity in the firms' innovation activity. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Regional analysis of age‐related decline in dopamine transporters and dopamine D2‐like receptors in human striatum
Authors: Ishibashi Kenji , Ishii Kenji , Oda Keiichi , Kawasaki Keiichi , Mizusawa Hidehiro , Ishiwata Kiichi 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the mechanisms of age‐related decline of dopamine transporter (DAT) and dopamine D2‐like receptor (D2R) densities in the human striatum by focusing on regional difference. Methods: Positron emission tomography (PET) with [11C]CFT and [11C]raclopride for measuring DATs and D2Rs, respectively, was performed on 16 healthy volunteers ranging from 21 to 74 years in age. To evaluate in detail the regional difference within the striatum, in addition to the conventional region‐of‐interest‐based analysis, we created a parametric image that enabled us to visualize the regional decline rate on a voxel‐by‐voxel basis, mapping the slope of the regression line between the age and uptake index of each tracer. Results: The decreasing rates corresponded to 6.1, 5.5, and 5.6% per decade for DATs and 5.8, 4.9, and 4.8% per decade for D2Rs in the caudate nucleus, anterior putamen, and posterior putamen, respectively. The caudate nucleus for both DATs and D2Rs were the fastest among the striatum, and the regional difference of the decreasing rate for DATs was consistently associated with that for D2Rs. Meanwhile, previous histological studies have shown that age‐related cell loss in the substantia nigra is likely to preferentially affect its dorsomedial part, which projects to the caudate nucleus. Conclusions: These results suggested that neuronal cell loss in the substantia nigra may be associated with the age‐related DAT decline, and DAT decline may be associated functionally with age‐related D2R decline. Synapse 63:282–290, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Immunocytochemical localization of NTPDases1 and 2 in the neural retina of mouse and zebrafish
Authors: Ricatti María Jimena , Alfie Lionel D. , Lavoie Élise G. , Sévigny Jean , Schwarzbaum Pablo J. , Faillace María Paula 
Published: December 2008

AbstractEctonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolases (E‐NTPDases) are a family of membrane‐bound enzymes that hydrolyze extracellular di‐ and triphosphate nucleosides. E‐NTPDases have been proposed to control extracellular nucleotide levels that mediate intercellular communication by binding to specific membrane receptors. Here we show a detailed immunocytochemical localization of two enzymes of the E‐NTPDase family in the retinal layers of two vertebrate species, namely, the mouse and the zebrafish. In the mouse retina, NTPDase2 was chiefly localized in Müller glia and ganglion cell processes. NTPDase1 was located on neurons as well, since it was expressed by horizontal and ganglion cell processes, suggesting that nucleotides such as ATP and ADP can be hydrolyzed at the surface of these cells. NTPDase1 was also detected in intraretinal blood vessels of the mouse. Regarding zebrafish, NTPDases1 and 2 seem to be differentially localized in horizontal cell processes, photoreceptor segments, and ganglion cell dendrites and axons, but absent from Müller glia. Moreover, NTPDases1 and 2 appear to be expressed within the germinal margin of the zebrafish retina that contains proliferative and differentiating cells. Retinal homogenates from both species exhibited ecto‐ATPase activity which might be attributed at least to NTPDases1 and 2, whose expression is described in this report. Our results suggest a compartmentalized regulation of extracellular nucleotide/nucleoside concentration in the retinal layers, supporting a relevant role for extracellular nucleotide mediated‐signaling in vertebrate retinas. Synapse 63:291–307, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
First‐trimester screening markers are altered in pregnancies conceived after IVF/ICSI
Authors: Gjerris A. C. , Loft A. , Pinborg A. , Christiansen M. , Tabor A. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractObjectivesTo determine the levels of first‐trimester screening markers and to assess the false‐positive rate for first‐trimester combined screening for Down syndrome in a large national population of women pregnant after assisted reproductive technology (ART), in order to decide whether or not to correct risk calculation for mode of conception.MethodsA national prospective cohort study of 1000 pregnancies achieved after ART was compared with a control group of 2543 pregnancies conceived spontaneously. All women completed a first‐trimester combined screening program. Risk calculation was performed retrospectively based on the screening parameters to avoid bias due to the use of different algorithms of risk calculation.ResultsIn chromosomally normal pregnancies conceived after in‐vitro fertilization (IVF) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), the pregnancy‐associated plasma protein‐A multiples of the median value was significantly decreased when compared with that of pregnancies conceived spontaneously (0.78 and 0.79 vs. 0.98), while there was no difference in the group treated by frozen embryo replacement. There was no difference in the level of free β‐human chorionic gonadotropin between groups. The median nuchal translucency thickness was smaller in the overall ART group compared with controls. The false‐positive rate of first‐trimester combined screening in the overall ART group, adjusted for maternal age, was significantly higher when compared with controls (9.0% vs. 6.0%).ConclusionsIt seems advisable to use a population of IVF/ICSI pregnancies to establish median curves for the first‐trimester serum screening parameters and perhaps also for nuchal translucency thickness. However, care must be taken, as different ART treatment methods and aspects of medical history seem to alter the screening parameters in different ways. Copyright © 2008 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.