bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Studies of differential turnover of palmitoyl and stearoyl species of glycerophosphatides using labeled unsaturated acids
Authors: Holub B. J. , Breckenridge W. C. , Kuksis A. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractNormal and bile fistula rats were injected with 1‐14C‐linoleate and arachidonate as albumin complex and the glycerides and glycerophosphatides of the liver and bile were isolated at various time intervals. The distribution of radioactivity among the individual molecular species was determined by thin layer and radio gas chromatography and specific enzymic hydrolyses. At 30 min after administration of linoleate 30% of the radioactivity in liver was in lecithins and 8% in cephalins, while at 120 min 48% was in lecithins and 16% in cephalins. After arachidonate, 58% and 64% of the counts were in lecithins and 12% to 13% in the cephalins at the above periods of sampling. The specific activity of the palmitoyl linoleoyl lecithins and cephalins was two to three times higher than that of the corresponding stearoyl linoleoyl species, which was of the same order but much lower magnitude than found previously for lecithins using labeled phosphate and choline. The palmitoyl and stearoyl species of arachidonoyl lecithins possessed equal specific activities, in sharp contrast to previous findings with radioactive phosphate, which showed a 12 times higher specific activity for the palmitoyl arachidonate. The palmitoyl arachidonoyl cephalins had two to three times greater specific activity than the corresponding stearoyl species in agreement with previous work using labeled phosphate. The distribution of radioactivity suggests that the arachidonate was incorporated into the lecithins largely via acyl transfer, while the linoleate contributed to both acyl transfer and de novo synthesis. Interpretation of the mechanism of uptake of these acids into the cephalins awaits further studies.
Incorporation of P32 orthophosphate into phospholipid of epiphyseal cartilage
Authors: Havivi Eli 
Published: November 2006

AbstractInjected P32 orthophosphate was found to be incorporated into phospholipids in the epiphyseal cartilage of young chicks. The phospholipid levels were found to be greater in the ossifying cartilage and in new bone then in the resting cartilage. Phosphatidyl choline was the most heavily labeled lipid, reaching peak specific activity at 24–26 hr. The specific activity of phosphatidyl ethanolamine continued to increase for the 48 hr period of the experiment. Phosphatidyl serine and sphingomyeline were labeled to a lesser extent; however phosphatidyl serine displayed the most rapid turnover of any of the phospholipid studied, attaining peak specific activity at 12–15 hr.
Characteristics of fatty acid esterification by homogenates of bovine mammary tissue
Authors: Askew E. W. , Emery R. S. , Thomas J. W. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractFatty acid esterifying activity of homogenates of bovine mammary tissue was associated with the particulate fraction of the cell, was strongly dependent upon ATP, CoA,d,l‐glycerol‐3‐phosphate, and Mg2+, and was stimulated by NaF, dithiothreitol and bovine serum albumin. The system made phospholipids, mono‐, di‐ and triglycerides but did not esterify butyrate. The inability to form greater than 58% triglyceride suggested some factor(s) was limiting the acylation of di‐to triglyceride. The results were consistent with glyceride synthesis by the α‐glycerophosphate pathway.
The effect of prolonged fasting and of glucose refeeding on rat serum and liver lipid levels
Authors: Kerpel Shmuel , Rubenstein Bernard , Rubinstein David 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe effects upon serum lipids of prolonged fasting of rats followed by refeeding with glucose or chow was studied. Fasting caused a decrease in the levels of serum triglyceride, phospholipid and cholesterol ester, while the level of total cholesterol remained unchanged. Refeeding 20% glucose in water for one day after three days of fasting caused a significantly greater decrease in serum lipid levels than did an additional day of fasting, while refeeding chow for one day restored the serum lipid levels to normal. Seven days of fasting or one day of glucose refeeding following three days of starvation resulted in almost complete disappearance of all serum lipoprotein bands on paper electrophoresis. After four days of refeeding glucose to rats previously fasted for three days the serum lipid levels and lipoprotein patterns approached those seen in fed animals. Serum free fatty acids increased upon fasting, but after seven days of starvation their concentration dropped to that observed in the fed rats. Refeeding for one day with glucose or chow reduced the serum free fatty acid concentration to less than half of the starvation levels. Four days of starvation caused a great decrease in liver weight without causing very pronounced changes in the content of phospholipid and triglyceride in the whole liver; the cholesterol content, notably esterified cholesterol, decreased. Glucose feeding for one day after three days of starvation, while increasing liver weight, did not cause any appreciable change in the hepatic lipid content. Following the three days of starvation lipogenesis from glucose by liver slices is restored to the same extent by refeeding glucose or chow for one day. The role of liver, adipose tissue and diet in supplying fatty acids for serum lipids following fasting is discussed.
Trans‐6‐hexadecenoic acid and the corresponding alcohol in lipids in the sea anemoneMetridium dianthus
Authors: Hooper S. N. , Ackman R. G. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractTrans‐6‐hexadecenoic acid was found in polar lipids, triglycerides, was esters and diacylglyceryl ethers of the sea anemoneMetridium dianthus from Passamaquoddy Bay. The corresponding alcomaquoddy Bay. The corresponding alcohol also apparently occurs in the wax esters of this species. The long‐chain (C20, C22) monoethylenic alcohols reported for other species of sea anemones from neighboring waters were absent and the major alcohol and glyceryl ether chain both had 16∶0 structures. The isomers of C18 and C20 monoethylenic fatty acids in polar lipids and triglycerides were unusual in their high proportion of theω7 isomer. These two lipids also contained higher proportion of the polyunsaturated fatty acids than the others.
Linoleic and linolenic acid as precursors of the cucumber flavor
Authors: Grosch Werner , Schwarz Jorg M. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractCucumber homogenates were incubated with14C‐linolenic and14C‐linoleic acid. Of the radioactivity, 0.3% was recovered in the fraction of flavor active aldehydes. The distribution of the specific racioactivity indicated that propanal,trans‐2‐hexenal andtrans‐2,cis‐6‐nonadienal are related to 18∶3 and hexanal andtrans‐2‐nonenal to 18∶2. A pathway for the development of these compounds is discussed.
Phospholipid composition of the boll weevil,Anthonomus grandis boheman
Authors: Henson R. D. , Thompson A. C. , Gueldner R. C. , Hedin P. A. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractWhen phospholipids of newly‐emerged adults of the boll weevil,Anthonomus grandis Boheman, were studied in detail, phosphatidyl choline and phosphatidyl ethanolamine were found to be the major phospholipids; sphingomyelin and cardiolipin were present in smaller amounts, and four other minor components were identified. Fatty acid analyses performed on the intact phospholipids and on the enzyme degradation products of phosphatidyl choline and phosphatidyl ethanolamine demonstrated that oleic and linoleic acids were the major fatty acids present in the glycerophosphatides; the sphingomyelin contained fatty acids in the range of 20–22 carbons.
Preparation of pure methyl esters by counter double current distribution
Authors: Scholfield C. R. , Butterfield R. O. , Dutton H. J. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractCounter double current distribution with continuous stills for solvent and product recovery and an acetonitrile‐hexane solvent system is a convenient method for preparative isolation of individual fatty methyl esters. Preparations of pure methyl linoleate from safflower esters and a methyl arachidonate concentrate from hog liver lipids are described.
A simple, rapid micromethod for the determination of the structure of unsaturated fatty acids via ozonolysis
Authors: Nickell E. Christense , Privett O. S. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractA micromethod for the localization of double bonds in unsaturated fatty acids via ozonolysis employing pyrolytic cleavage of ozonides in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst is described. Cleavage of the ozonides is carried out in a gasliquid chromatographie instrument in a small glass tube, containing the catalyst, inserted in the top of the column opposite the in input heaters at 225C. Ozonides of methyl esters of straight chain unsaturated fatty acids are cleaved through the action of the catalyst to aldehyde fragments which are swept simultaneously into the column for analysis.The double bond positions are deduced from the chain length of the fragments. The method is demonstrated on methyl oleate, linoleate, linolenate and arachidonate.
Metabolism of14C‐labelled oleic acid, erucic acid and nervonic acid in rats
Authors: Carroll K. K. 
Published: November 2006

Abstract1‐14C‐Oleic acid, 2‐14C‐erucic acid and 2‐14C‐nervonic acid were administered to rats by tail‐vein and the distribution of radioactivity in liver lipids was determined at intervals from 15 min to 6 hr after injection. High levels of activity were found after short time intervals which were mainly associated with triglycerides in the case of oleic acid and with free fatty acids in the case of erucic acid and nervonic acid. The activity in these lipids decreased with time and was later exceeded by that in more polar lipids. In rats given erucic acid or nervonic acid, sphingolipids were more highly labelled than glycerophosphatides. Nervonic acid showed little tendency to form a complex with serum albumin and erucic acid complexed less readily than palmitic acid.
Fatty acid distribution in the bovine pre‐ and postpartum testis
Authors: Ahluwalia Balwant , Holman Ralph T. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractTestes from fetuses, calves, bulls and recently castrated animals were analyzed for total lipids, lecithin, cephalin, triglycerides, diglycerides, cholesteryl esters and cholesterol. Total lipids increase somewhat with age, but in the castrated animal the increase is more marked. Phospholipid content increases with age, but decreases in the castrated animal. Cholesterol decreases and triglyceride increases after birth and in the castrated animal. Polyunsaturated acids increase with age in all lipid classes. Eicosatrienoic acid is more abundant in fetal testicular lipids than in testes removed after birth. In the castrated testis there is a general decrease in the unsaturated fatty acids. Acids of the ω6 family are the predominant polyunsaturated acids and increase somewhat with age in all lipids. The ω3 family of polyunsaturated acids appears mostly toward the end of fetal life and increases after birth. Acids of the linoleate family reach approximately 25% of total acids in most lipid classes at maturity whereas the ω3 acids range from 1 to 9%.
Gas‐liquid chromatography of triglycerides from erucic acid oils and fish oils
Authors: Harlow R. D. , Litchfield Carter , Reiser Raymond 
Published: November 2006

AbstractBy critically selecting optimum operating conditions, quantitative gas‐liquid chromatography of triglycerides has been extended to molecules containing substantial amounts of C20, C22, and C24 fatty acids. The triglycerides of four erucic acid oils (water cress, rapessed, nasturtium, andLunaria annua) and two fully hydrogenated fish oils (menhaden and tuna) have been quantitatively analyzed by this technique. The average fatty acid chain length calculated from the triglyceride composition of each oil agreed closely with that determined by GLC of its respective methyl esters. Several conclusions about the triglyceride composition of the fats analyzed are discussed.
A comparison of acyltransferase activities in vitro with the distribution of fatty acids in lecithins and triglycerides in vivo
Authors: Lands W. E. M. , Blank M. L. , Nutter L. J. , Privett O. S. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe location and configuration of a double bond in a fatty acid influences the rate of its acyltransferase‐catalyzed esterification to form lecithin and its distribution in vivo between the primary and secondary positions of triglycerides and lecithins.Saturated acids of shorter chain length are transferred at rates similar to the long chain unsaturated acids.The positional distributions of acids in the diglyceride units of liver triglycerides appear to be similar to that found in the lecithins.Acyltransferase activities measured in vitro have a considerable predictive value in terms of the ultimate distribution of fatty acids in glycerolipids in vivo.
Exacerbation of heart and liver lesions in rats by feeding of various mildly oxidized fats
Authors: Kaunitz Hans , Johnson Ruth E. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractGroups of 40 male Charles River rats were fed diets containing cottonseed oil, olive oil, corn oil, soybean oil, coconut oil, chicken fat, beef fat, butter oil, lard and saturated medium chain triglycerides. The fats were fed fresh and after 40 hr aeration at 60 C, which hardly changed peroxide values. In addition, fresh and aerated soybean oil and lard were fed to W/Fu rats. Body weights and life span were significantly influenced by the kind of fat fed, but not by aeration. Many hearts exhibited unspecific focal myocarditis and focal fibrosis. The latter was graded in a blind test, which revealed highly significant differences in the incidence of severe lesions; those fed corn oil had the most, followed by cottonseed oil, soybean oil, olive oil, beef fat, saturated medium chain triglycerides, butter, chicken fat and lard, in that order. Feeding of aerated fat resulted in an increased incidence with six of the eight fats. The W/Fu rats had lower incidences, but those fed soybean oil had more than those fed lard, and aeration led to a higher incidence. Some heart sections stained with Light Green SF Yellowish revealed areas of muscle fibrils that did not accept the stain, probably as a consequence of cellular damage. Higher incidences of this lesion were associated with the same fats as was severe fibrosis, and feeding of aerated fats led to higher incidences. Many livers revealed marked proliferation of bile ducts. The groups fed cottonseed, soybean, olive and corn oils had higher incidences of severe lesions, and feeding of the oxidized oils led to still higher incidences. None of the results appeared to be associated with the fatty acid composition of the fats, which suggested that these long term effects may have been due to minor constituents in the individual fats.
Polymerization inhibitors for polyunsaturated oils
Authors: Sims R. J. , Fioriti J. A. , Kanuk M. J. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractSeveral edible anionic surfactants were found to function as polymerization inhibitors for safflower oil. The most effective additive was the sodium salt of phosphated mono‐ and diglycerides. Additional inhibitors included sodium diacetyltartaric acid esters of mono‐ and diglycerides, sodium stearoyl‐2‐lactylate, sodium stearyl fumarate, sodium succinoylated mono‐ and diglycerides, dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate, and sodium sulfoacetate esters of mono‐ and diglycerides. It is suggested that these surfactants behave in a manner similar to methyl polysiloxane, as oxygen barriers at the oil‐air interface. This view is supported by data showing that in the free acid, oil soluble form their functionality is minimal. But when they are neutralized to form the sodium salts their effectiveness is markedly enhanced.
Pyruvate metabolism by rat lung in vitro
Authors: Scholz Richard W. , Evans Robert M. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractRat lung slices were used to examine the net uptake of pyruvate and the incorporation of specifically labeled pyruvate‐14C into CO2 and lipid fractions. Pyruvate uptake and pyruvate‐2‐14C incorporation into these fractions was increased by raising the pyruvate concentration in the incubation medium from 1 to 25 mM. The addition of 5 mM glucose to the incubation medium decreased the apparent oxidation of pyruvate‐2‐14C to CO2 but increased its incorporation into lung lipids. Glucose did not increase net pyruvate uptake by lung slices. The incorporation of pyruvate‐1‐14C and pyruvate‐3‐14C into CO2 and lung lipids was also examined. The results indicated that a major portion of the pyruvate utilized was oxidized to CO2 with substantial levels found in the fatty acid moiety of lung phospholipids. The low level of pyruvate conversion to phospholipid glycerol, possibly via the dicarboxylic acid shuttle, is of uncertain physiological significance.
Hydroxystearic acid deposition and metabolism in rats fed hydrogenated castor oil
Authors: Binder R. G. , Booth A. N. , Robbins D. J. , Fuller G. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractGroups of rats were fed diets containing corn oil, 1% hydrogenated castor oil (principal constituent: 12‐hydroxystearic acid) or 10% hydrogenated castor oil. Rats were sacrificed after 4, 8, 12 and 16 weeks for determination of hydroxy fatty acids in excised abdominal adipose tissue or in lipid extracted from lyophilized carcass. Maximum content of hydroxystearic acid was 4.4% in adipose tissue of rats four weeks on the 10% hydrogenated castor oil diet. When rats on hydrogenated castor oil diets were switched to the corn oil diet, hydroxystearic acid was depleted from their tissues. 10‐Hydroxypalmitic and 9‐hydroxymyristic acids were characterized as metabolites of 12‐hydroxystearic acid. No adverse effects of diets were observed except reduced growth in rats given 10% hydrogenated castor oil diet.
Coenzymes Q in lemon shark liver
Authors: Casey Adria C. , Lee Agnes , Colquhoun William 
Published: November 2006

AbstractEarlier studies have shown that some extracts of nonpolar lipids from lemon shark liver are able to stimulate the reticuloendothelial system (RES) of experimental animals. This communication reports the identification of the coenzymes Q as the constituents of a fraction from lemon shark liver lipid which showed intense biological activity.
Lipid composition of beef heart ventricle
Authors: Das Manik L. , Rouser George 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe lipid class composition of beef heart ventricle was determined by a combination of diethylaminoethyl cellulose column chromatography and quantitative thin‐layer chromatography. Percentages of the total lipid were: triglyceride, 43.6; cholesterol, 7.4; phosphatidyl choline, 22.8; phingomyelin, 4.0; phosphatidyl ethanolamine, 11.2; diphosphatidyl glycerol, 5.8; phosphatidyl serine, 1.2; phosphatidyl inositol, 3.0; phosphatidyl glycerol, 0.9; unsaturated hydrocarbon, 0.02; saturated hydrocarbon, 0.20. Nonlipid components represented 33.6% of the crude chloroform/methanol extracts.
Lysosomes and essential fatty acid deficiency
Authors: Moore J. L. , Richardson T. , Deluca H. F. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe hydrolytic activity usually associated with lysosomes increased in the homogenates and subcellular fractions of rat liver as a result of essential fatty acid (EFA) deficiency. The proportion of the total (tissue homogenate) activity found in each subcellular fraction, however, was unchanged by EFA deficiency.Lysosomes isolated from normal and EFA‐deficient rat livers differed significantly in their stability to thermal and osmotic variations. This suggested that lysosomal membranes, like other membranes, were altered by EFA deficiency.In spite of increased tissue‐bound hydrolytic activity and altered lysosomal membranes, hydrolytic activity of the serum was not markedly changed in EFA deficiency. These minor changes in hydrolytic activity and in lysosomal membrane stability seemed insufficient to explain the general lesions of EFA deficiency.
Role of ATP in the inhibition of lipogenesis in fasted animals
Authors: Rous S. , Luthi L. , Favarger P. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThis study was undertaken to obtain information both in vivo and in vitro on the role of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in the inhibition of fatty acid synthesis in fasted mice.Fasted mice were injected intravenously with glucose or fructose or intraperitoneally with insulin to increase the supply of endogenous ATP. They then received acetate 1−14C, glucose 6−3H or fructose U−14C intravenously and were killed at various intervals. The controls received the labeled tracers only. The radioactivities of liver and carcass fatty acids were determined.The action of ATP on homogenized livers from fasted mice was also determined.The stimulation of lipogenesis was obtained under all these conditions, but only in animals fasted for 4 hr. Insulin was active only on the extrahepatic tissues. Fructose, as well as glucose, restored hepatic lipogenesis. In vitro, ATP restored lipogenesis by homogenized livers of mice fasted for 4 hr, but it inhibited the fatty acid synthesis by homogenized livers from unfasted mice.The significance of the results is discussed.
Studies on the lipids of sheep red blood cells. I. Lipid composition in low and high potassium red cells
Authors: Nelson Gary J. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe lipid composition of whole red blood cells was investigated in five sheep with red cells containing a low concentration of potassium (LK) and in five sheep with red cells containing a high concentration of potassium (HK). No apparent differences within the limit of error of the experiment were detected in the lipid class composition between the HK and LK red cells. Cholesterol, the only nonpolar lipid detected in the tissue, was present in oneto‐one molar ratio to the total phospholipids. Phosphatidyl ethanolamine and sphingomyelin accounted for 85% of the total phospholipids; phosphatidyl serine, phosphatidyl inositol, phosphatidic acid, and lysolecithin were present in lesser amounts. No lecithin was detected in any of the animals in this investigation. Plasmalogen compounds were found only in the ethanolamine lipids. The molar ratio of choline to noncholine phospholipids was also approximately one to one. It was concluded that the major lipid class distribution in the two types of red cells cannot be directly responsible for the differences observed in the cation concentrations in these cells in the two species of sheep.
Lipid changes in rat brain during maturation
Authors: Galli Claudio , Cecconi Daniela Re 
Published: November 2006

AbstractChanges in lipid class distribution occurring during brain maturation in rats have been quantitatively investigated using a combination of DEAE column chromatography and quantitative thin‐layer chromatography based on photodensitometry.Quantitative changes are presented for the single lipid classes in relation to brain weight, water content and total lipid variation at ages 2, 8, 16, 24, 37 and 50 days. The results indicate an accumulation of sphingolipids during brain maturation, particularly due to cerebrosides and sulfatides and a relative decrease of lecithin.
Effects of dietary docosenoic acid upon rats in cold
Authors: Beare‐Rogers J. L. , Nera E. A. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractSix week old rats fed rapeseed oil and subjected to cold at 4 C had a higher mortality rate than those fed oils lacking or low in docosenoic acids. A high frequency of deaths coincided with the period of pronounced cardiac lipidosis. Rats which had passed this phase before being exposed to the cold survived as well as the control animals.