bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Controlled Topology of Block Copolymer Gate Insulators by Selective Etching of Cylindrical Microdomains in Pentacene Organic Thin Film Transistors
Authors: Jo Pil Sung , Sung Jinwoo , Park Cheolmin , Kim Eunhye , Ryu Du Yeol , Pyo Seungmoon , Kim Ho‐Cheol , Hong Jae Min 
Published: April 2008

AbstractWe investigate the effect of surface topology of a block copolymer/neutral surface/SiO2 trilayered gate insulator on the properties of pentacene organic thin film transistor (OTFT) by the controlled etching of self assembled poly(styrene‐b‐methyl methacrylate) (PS‐b‐PMMA) block copolymer. The rms roughness of the uppermost block copolymer film directly in contact with pentacenes was systematically controlled from 0.27 nm to approximately 12.5 nm by the selective etching of cylindrical PMMA microdomains hexagonally packed and aligned perpendicular to SiO2 layer with 20 and 38 nm of diameter and periodicity, respectively. Both mobility and On/Off ratio were significantly reduced by more than 3 orders of magnitudes with the film roughness in OTFTs having 60 nm thick pentacene active layer. The poor device performance observed with the etched thin film of block copolymer dielectric is attributed to a defective pentacene active layer and the mixed crystalline structure consisting of thin film and bulk phase arising from the massive nucleation of pentacene preferentially at the edge of each cylindrical etched hole.
Selective Determination of Dopamine on a Boron‐Doped Diamond Electrode Modified with Gold Nanoparticle/Polyelectrolyte‐coated Polystyrene Colloids
Authors: Wei Min , Sun Li‐Guo , Xie Zhuo‐Ying , Zhii Jin‐Fang , Fujishima Akira , Einaga Yasuaki , Fu De‐Gang , Wang Xue‐Mei , Gu Zhong‐Ze 
Published: April 2008

AbstractNegatively charged gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and a polyelectrolyte (PE) have been assembled alternately on a polystyrene (PS) colloid by a layer‐by‐layer (LBL) self‐assembly technique to form three‐dimensional (Au/PAH)4/(PSS/PAH)4 multilayer‐coated PS spheres (Au/PE/PS multilayer spheres). The Au/PE/PS multilayer spheres have been used to modify a boron‐doped diamond (BDD) electrode. Cyclic voltammetry is utilized to investigate the properties of the modified electrode in a 1.0 M KCl solution that contains 5.0 × 10−3 M K3Fe(CN)6, and the result shows a dramatically decreased redox activity compared with the bare BDD electrode. The electrochemical behaviors of dopamine (DA) and ascorbic acid (AA) on the bare and modified BDD electrode are studied. The cyclic voltammetric studies indicate that the negatively charged, three‐dimensional Au/PE/PS multilayer sphere‐modified electrodes show high electrocatalytic activity and promote the oxidation of DA, whereas they inhibit the electrochemical reaction of AA, and can effectively be used to determine DA in the presence of AA with good selectivity. The detection limit of DA is 0.8 × 10−6 M in a linear range from 5 × 10−6 to 100 × 10−6 M in the presence of 1 × 10−3 MAA.
1‐D dynamic modeling of SOFC with analytical solution for reacting gas‐flow problem
Authors: Qi Yutong , Huang Biao , Luo Jingli 
Published: April 2008

AbstractA first principle one‐dimensional (1‐D) dynamic model for tubular solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) is developed. To convert the distributed model into a control relevant nonlinear state space model, an approximate analytical solution for reacting gas‐flow problem is proposed, and applied to the 1‐D SOFC dynamic model. Compared to numerical solutions, the proposed solution can significantly reduce requirements in computation, and thus, facilitate dynamic simulations and control applications. Distributed dynamic relations between current density and electromotive force (EMF) are investigated. Diffusion, inherent impedance, primary flow, heat transfer, and internal reforming/shifting reaction are considered simultaneously. Dynamic responses of the interested variables when external current, fuel and air inlet streams are perturbed by step changes are investigated through simulations. © 2008 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2008.
Neurotrophic factor‐related gene polymorphisms and adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) score in a high‐risk male population
Authors: Conner Alex C. , Kissling Christian , Hodges Edward , Hünnerkopf Regina , Clement R. Marc , Dudley Edward , Freitag Christine M. , Rösler Michael , Retz Wolfgang , Thome Johannes 
Published: April 2008

AbstractAdult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a widely under‐reported but nevertheless common condition with a clear heritable component. Several genes have been proposed to play a role in the childhood onset of this neurodevelopmental disorder; however, association studies of persistence of ADHD into adulthood have rarely been performed. Neurotrophic factors (NTFs) are known to be involved in several aspects of neuronal development and neural plasticity in adults. They have also been linked, particularly through brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) interaction with dopamine transport, to the pathophysiology of ADHD. This study compares the genotypes of six different single nucleotide polymorphisms of genes within the neurotrophin system and their possible association with adult ADHD score in 143 high‐risk male subjects referred to a forensic psychiatric unit. The genes included NTF3, NTRK2 (TrkB), NTRK3 (TrkC), BDNF, and p75NTR. While none of the SNPs showed significant association with ADHD symptoms, one polymorphism within the exon of NTF3 (rs6332) showed a trend toward an association between the A‐allele and increased scores using both the retrospective childhood analysis Wender–Utah Rating Scale (WURS‐k) (P = 0.05) and the adult ADHD assessment Wender–Reimherr interview (P = 0.03). This SNP is a silent mutation which might be in linkage disequilibrium with a functional risk variant for ADHD. As the association was only suggestive, however, this finding needs replication in a larger study with higher power. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Wie wird Sauerstoff in Oxide eingebaut? Kinetische Studie einer “simplen” Feststoffreaktion am Modellmaterial SrTiO3
Authors: Merkle Rotraut , Maier Joachim 
Published: April 2008

AbstractDie Kinetik der Stöchiometrieänderung eines Oxids – zugleich Beispiel einer (nominell) einfachen Festkörperreaktion und Grundlage vieler technisch relevanter Vorgänge – wird untersucht und im Detail analysiert. Als Modellreaktion wurde der Sauerstoffeinbau in Strontiumtitanat gewählt. Der gesamte Prozess kann von der Oberflächenreaktion bis hin zum Volumentransport phänomenologisch und mechanistisch verstanden werden. Schlüssel hierzu sind ein genaues Verständnis der Defektchemie des Perowskits wie auch die Anwendung einer Vielzahl experimenteller und theoretischer Methoden, die zum Teil eigens im Rahmen dieser Untersuchung entwickelt wurden. Die Bedeutung von Reaktions‐ und Transportschritten für (elektro)chemische Anwendungen wird herausgestellt.
Influence of blending sequence on micro‐ and macrostructure of PA6/mEPDM/EPDMgMA blends reinforced with organoclay
Authors: Gallego R. , García‐López D. , López‐Quintana S. , Gobernado‐Mitre I. , Merino J. C. , Pastor J. M. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe structure of the PA6/mEPDM/EPDMgMA/organoclay ternary hybrids was characterized and related to its properties. The nanoblends were prepared through four different blending sequences based on one‐ or two‐step processes: (1) The PA6/organoclay nanocomposite was prepared and then mixed with the mEPDM+ EPDMgMA compound; (2) the mEPDM+EPDMgMA+ organoclay compound was first prepared and then mixed with PA6; (3) the PA6, mEPDM, EPDMgMA, and organoclays were blended in one step; and (4) the PA6/mEPDM/EPDMgMA blend was prepared and then mixed with the organoclay. The microscopic study of the nanoblends showed a relationship between the blending sequence and the dispersion of the organoclay and the rubber. Nevertheless, the mechanical characterization showed slight differences bet ween the blending sequence because of the presence of the organoclay in the matrix, rubber, or interface. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Oral absorption enhancement of dipeptide L‐Glu‐L‐Trp‐OH by lipid and glycosyl conjugation
Authors: Bergeon Julie A. , Chan Yiu‐Ngok , Charles Bruce G. , Toth Istvan 
Published: April 2008

AbstractIn recent years, the conjugation of sugar moieties and lipoamino acids has been extensively investigated as a mean to enhance the stability towards enzymatic degradation and the permeability across biological membranes of poorly orally available drugs, including peptides. In this prospect, a library of novel derivatives of the dipeptide L‐Glu‐L‐Trp, a naturally occurring thymic immunomodulator with high hydrophilic character and low membrane permeability, was designed and synthesised by conjugating 2‐amino‐dodecanoic acid (C12) and/or 1‐amino‐β‐D‐glucuronic acid (GlcAN), β‐D‐glucuronic acid (GlcA) and N‐β‐D‐glucopyranosylamine succinamic acid (GlsNS) residues to the Glu‐Trp scaffold, using an Fmoc solid‐phase peptide synthesis strategy on trichlorotrityl resin. A cellobiose derivative was also prepared in solution. The synthesized peptides showed no sign of toxicity to red blood cells at 200 μM (haemolysis assay) and their resistance against enzymatic hydrolysis, assessed in Caco‐2 homogenates, was usually significantly increased, particularly for the C‐terminal conjugates. Several derivatives also saw their apparent permeability values greatly enhanced and one of the conjugates tested proved to be able to release the initial dipeptide after penetrating Caco‐2 monolayers. An initial in vivo experiment was then carried out in male Wistar rats to examine the effect of conjugation on the absorption rate and bioavailability. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 90: 633–643, 2008.This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
CT study on morphometry of frontal sinus
Authors: Tatlisumak Ertugrul , Ovali Gulgun Yilmaz , Asirdizer Mahmut , Aslan Asim , Ozyurt Beyhan , Bayindir Petek , Tarhan Serdar 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and morphological characteristics of the frontal sinus in an adult population. This study was conducted retrospectively on paranasal CT scans in the axial and coronal planes of 300 cases (123 male and 177 female). The mean age was 40.74 ± 13.34 (range 20–83). Measurements of the width, height and anteroposterior length for each sinus and total width were obtained from CT scans. Measurements were compared statistically with relation to side and sex. The cases were divided into subgroups according to age for each sex and each measurement parameter was also compared among the subgroups. All measurements tended to be larger on the left side and were significantly larger in males than females. There was a significant difference in the anteroposterior lengths of right and left sides in both males and females and height for males and width for females. In both sexes, the highest values of measurements were usually observed at the 31–40 age group and there was a tendency to decrease with aging. The larger diameters of the left frontal sinus imply that it may be more possibly violated during surgical interventions. Morphometric features differed significantly in the two sexes at different ages and comparison with previous studies presented great regional variability. The size of the frontal sinus was seen to be related to age and sex. The knowledge provided in the present study is useful for some surgical procedures and widens the anthropometric knowledge of humanity. Clin. Anat. 21:287–293, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Demonstration of an anomalous connection between the left coronary artery and the pulmonary artery using a multislice CT 64
Authors: Castorina S. , Mignosa C. , Degno S. , Bianca I. , Salvo D. , Tolaro S. , Luca T. , Privitera G. , Riccioli V. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractIn this article, we describe two cases of anomalous connection of the left coronary artery. The first case is an infant of 4 years with an anomalous origin of the left anterior descending (LAD) artery and the diagonal branches and a circumflex artery which originated from the pulmonary artery. The second case is an adult of 50 years with the coronary artery originating from the pulmonary artery. Anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery is an uncommon congenital cardiac anomaly with an incidence of 0.25% among all congenital heart defects (Parale and Pawar [2006], J Assoc Physicians India 54:397–399). The originality of this communication consists in the use of a multislice CT scanner as a support for the angiography. The result is an original image with three dimensional details; in the case of the infant, it was determinant in the choice of the surgical approach. Clin. Anat. 21:319–324, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cubital fossa venipuncture sites based on anatomical variations and relationships of cutaneous veins and nerves
Authors: Yamada Kouji , Yamada Keiki , Katsuda Iturou , Hida Takehiko 
Published: April 2008

AbstractVenipuncture is a routine procedure performed at medical institutions for blood collection and blood donation, as well as for health screening and testing. Venipuncture is invasive and usually mildly painful, but it occasionally causes internal bleeding and chronic persistent pain, which is referred to as complex regional pain syndrome. The most common site of venipuncture is the upper arm. The present study macroscopically and anatomically ascertained positional relationships between cutaneous nerves and veins in the cubital (aka antecubital) fossa in many cadaveric dissections to determine the risk of peripheral nerve injury during venipuncture. We identified the most suitable venipuncture site in the upper arm. The medial cutaneous nerve of the forearm (MCNF) passed above the median cubital vein (MCBV) in 27 of 128 cases (21.1%), and was located inferior to the MCBV in 37 of 128 cases (28.9%). The MCBV also passed above the lateral cutaneous nerve forearm (LCNF) in 8 of 128 cases (6.2%). The LCNF was located deeper than the MCBV in 56 of 128 cases (43.8%). The distribution of cutaneous veins and nerves widely varies, and while no single area suitable for all individuals was identified, puncture of the MCBV near the cephalic vein is the least likely to cause nerve damage. Clin. Anat. 21:307–313, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Clubbed fingers: Radiological evaluation of the nail bed thickness
Authors: Moreira Ana‐Luiza S. , Porto Nelson S. , Moreira José S. , Ulbrich‐Kulczynski Jane M. , Irion Klaus L. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractIt is established that there is an increase in soft tissue of the clubbed digits as demonstrated on previous histopathological examinations. In the present study, the nail bed thickness was assessed and measured on plain radiographs of index fingers in two groups of patients: one group with lung disease and fingers clubbing and one group of normal controls. A vertical x‐ray beam was used with a focus‐film distance of 1.0 m, with the index finger placed in lateral view directly over the film, without anti‐diffusion grid. Three investigators, blinded to prevent bias measured the thickness of soft tissues between the nail root and the terminal phalanx on the radiographs. This method was used to evaluate a group of 85 clinically clubbed (hyponychial angle > 192.0°) adult patients with lung disease and a control group of a 100 normal adult individuals with no clubbing (hyponychial angle < 188.0°). The mean nail bed thickness in the patients with clubbing (n = 85) was 3.88 ± 0.55 mm (3.00–5.50 mm). In comparison, in the normal subjects (n = 100), the mean was 2.38 ± 0.27 mm (1.75–3.10 mm), revealing a significant difference (P < 0.001). Only two normal individuals presented nail bed thickness ≥3.0 mm. A good interobserver agreement on the measurements was found (P > 0.900). The radiographic evaluation of the nail bed thickness was easily performed, with good interobserver concordance. It is possible to distinguish between clubbed from nonclubbed fingers, in vivo, using plain radiograph. Clin. Anat. 21:314–318, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Original brands and counterfeit brands—do they have anything in common?
Authors: Penz Elfriede , Stöttinger Barbara 
Published: April 2008

Abstract

Consumer decisions to purchase fakes instead of originals has developed into a major concern for brand manufacturers worldwide. This research looks at the customers' understanding of the key concepts “original brand” and “counterfeit brand.” Using the theory of social representations helped to gain rich insight into the consumers' perception of counterfeit brands in the light of their counterpart original brands, to determine the main differences and similarities, and to identify core aspects and relative evaluations of these two concepts. Taken collectively, the results indicate that, based on single associations, respondents' mental maps of the two concepts do not overlap. It seems that they have a clear picture of what they get with the purchase of original brands versus counterfeits. Although similar attributes to evaluate “original brand” and “counterfeit brand” were used (quality and price), they contribute differently to the nature of the concepts. The benefits of both categories are strongly related to consumers' norms prevalent in their social environment.
Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Societal and individualistic drivers as predictors of organic purchasing revealed through a portrait value questionnaire (PVQ)‐based inventory
Authors: Krystallis Athanassios , Vassallo Marco , Chryssohoidis George , Perrea Toula 
Published: April 2008

Abstract

The Schwartz's Portrait Value Questionnaire (PVQ) has extensively been used in personal values research. The present survey validates and tests in a value‐based segmentation task a 17‐item PVQ‐based inventory that includes consumer values related to organic food purchasing, using a nationally representative sample of 1043 Greek consumers. The main assumption of the survey is that consumer segments that place more emphasis on specific organic food‐related values would present different magnitude of beliefs and purchasing behaviour towards organic products. Two 2nd‐order value factors (named ‘individualistic’ and ‘societal’, respectively) emerged from exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses comprising 14 out of the initial 17 PVQ values. In the next phase of the analysis, hierarchical clustering was implemented based on those factors. Through the clusters emerged, a clear relation between consumers' ‘societal’ (universalism and benevolence) value similarity, higher frequency of organic purchasing and higher likelihood of organic‐related beliefs was clearly identified. This fact supports the applicability of the PVQ typology in predicting consumer behaviour in various product contexts.
Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Staged percutaneous atrial septal defect closure and pulmonic balloon valvuloplasty in an adult with congenital heart disease
Authors: Vera Jesus A. , Nounou Majed , Kern Morton 
Published: April 2008

AbstractCombined atrial septal defect and pulmonic stenosis, while a common occurrence in children, is relatively uncommon in adults. There is no widely accepted order in which the defects should be corrected. We report a case that highlights the hemodynamics and the technical dilemma of deciding which lesion to correct first. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Physical activity and obesity in Canadian cancer survivors
Authors: Courneya Kerry S. , Katzmarzyk Peter T. , Bacon Eric 
Published: April 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND.Physical inactivity and obesity are associated with poorer disease outcomes in several cancer survivor groups. Few studies, however, have provided population‐based estimates of these risk factors in cancer survivors and compared them with individuals without a history of cancer. Here such estimates for the Canadian population are reported.METHODS.Data were obtained from the 2005 Canadian Community Health Survey consisting of computer‐assisted interviews of 114,355 adults representing an estimated 23,285,548 Canadians. Participants self‐reported their cancer history, height, and body weight to calculate body mass index and participation in various leisure‐time activities.RESULTS.Fewer than 22% of Canadian cancer survivors were physically active and over 18% were obese. Few differences were observed between cancer survivors and those without a history of cancer except that: 1) prostate cancer survivors were more likely to be active (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 1.27; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.01–1.59) and less likely to be obese (adjusted OR = 0.71; 95% CI = 0.56–0.90); 2) skin cancer survivors (nonmelanoma and melanoma) were more likely to be active (adjusted OR = 1.33; 95% CI = 1.12–1.59); and 3) obese breast cancer survivors were less likely to be active compared with obese women without a history of cancer (adjusted OR = 0.51; 95% CI = 0.27–0.94).CONCLUSIONS.Canadian cancer survivors have low levels of physical activity and a high prevalence of obesity that, although comparable to the general population, may place them at higher risk for poorer disease outcomes. Population‐based interventions to increase physical activity and promote a healthy body weight in Canadian cancer survivors are warranted. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
Malignant primary cardiac tumors
Authors: Simpson Lijo , Kumar Shaji K. , Okuno Scott H. , Schaff Hartzell V. , Porrata Luis F. , Buckner Jan C. , Moynihan Timothy J. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND.Primary cardiac sarcomas are uncommon. The authors undertook to review the Mayo Clinic's experience with primary cardiac sarcomas consisting of 34 patients seen over a 32‐year period.METHODS.The patient database at the Mayo Clinic was searched to identify patients with malignant tumors of the heart seen during the 32‐year period between 1975 and 2007. Thirty‐four patients with primary cardiac sarcomas were identified and their medical records reviewed for details pertaining to presenting symptoms, staging modalities, treatment approaches, and outcomes.RESULTS.Of the 34 patients, 17 were men and 17 were women. The median age was 44 years. The mean duration of symptoms at the time of diagnosis was 3.6 months. The most common histologic type was angiosarcoma (41%). The median follow‐up for the entire group was 12 months (range, 0‐61 months). The median survival for those who underwent a complete surgical excision was 17 months compared with 6 months for those in whom a surgical complete remission could not be achieved (P = .01). Patients with angiosarcoma had a lower survival compared with patients with other histologies (5 months vs 17 months; P = .01). The median survival of patients with metastatic disease was 5 months versus 15 months in patients without metastatic disease (P = .03 by the log‐rank test).CONCLUSIONS.Cardiac sarcomas remain a rare but lethal disease. Compared with extracardiac sarcomas, the prognosis for patients with cardiac sarcomas remains very poor. A complete surgical excision should be performed if possible. Innovative treatment strategies are required. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.