bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chronic stress reduced GH response to the serotonin agonist 5‐methoxy‐n, n‐dimethyltriptamine but did not alter pituitary–adrenal, prolactin or TSH responses in the rat
Authors: Armario A. , Campmany Li. , Lopez‐Calderon A. , Jolin T. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe present work investigates the effect of a chronic stress model in which several acute stressors were applied on a random basis on pituitary–adrenal, prolactin, growth hormone (GH) and thyroid—stimulating hormone (TSH) responses to the serotonin agonist 5‐methoxy‐N, N‐dimethyltryptamine (MeODMT) administered peripherally. The drug stimulates pituitary–adrenal, prolactin and GH secretion at the two doses tested. Its effect on serum TSH was stimulatory at the lower dose but had no effect at the higher dose. Previous chronic stress did not alter pituitary‐adrenal, prolactin and TSH responses to the drug. In contrast, reduced GH response to MeODMT was observed in chronically stressed rats, suggesting that subsensitivity to serotonin was present after chronic stress. The present results indicate that serotonergic pathways controlling anterior pituitary hormone secretion respond heterogeneously to chronic stress.
Stressful life events and risk for depression in the family
Authors: Stephenson Judith J. , Schwab John J. , Bell Roger A. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractIn a prospective epidemiologic study of risk for depression in a random sample of 43 families, we interviewed adults and children in their homes at baseline, six months later, and nine months after the second interview. At time‐1 and time‐3, a 28‐item stressful life events (SLE) inventory was given to each adult and child over the age of 11, and at time‐2, to the family as a whole. Risk for depression was evaluated by screening instruments and the Diagnostic Interview Schedule. At time‐1, the mean number of SLE reported as occurring in the last six months was 4.43 ± 3.55. For the 34 families that were interviewed all three times, almost two more SLE per family (5.82 ± 3.70) were reported at time‐3 than at time‐1 (3.97 ± 2.59). Methodologic factors, as well as being in ‘risk’ status at some time during the study, were responsible for the greater number of events reported at time‐3 than at time‐1. There was surprisingly little agreement among family members about the number and type of SLE that had occurred. Children's reports of SLE added approximately 20 per cent to those reported by parents.
Aerobics and postmenopausal osteoporosis
Authors: Schapira Daniel 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to elucidate the influence of aerobic physical exercise on the metabolism of bone in postmenopausal women. After reviewing bone physiology and biomechanics and the effects of aerobics on ageing and physical fitness, their beneficial consequences on the postmenopausal skeleton are demonstrated by the results of clinical studies. Aerobic activity seems to be an attractive modality in the prevention and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Various aerobic exercises are described and their optimal features are discussed. The physician's role in designing and monitoring the exercise programme is emphasized.
Stress and facial appearance
Authors: Thomas Christopher S. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis article examines the relationship between abnormal facial appearance, body image and psychological functioning. It explores the differences between patients in whom abnormalities of facial appearance generate stress which leads to personality impairment and mental illness and patients with abnormal personalities and/or mental illness who complain that they have an abnormal facial appearance. The role of cosmetic surgery and other therapies in treating these different. types of dissatisfaction with appearance is reviewed.
Mental adjustment of Swedish UN soldiers in South Lebanon in 1988
Authors: Carlström Anders , Lundin Tom , Otto Ulf 
Published: June 2007

AbstractA study of mental adjustment was carried out by means of a questionnaire at a Swedish UN logistic battalion in south Lebanon at the end of its period of service. The results showed a general good adjustment with no great variations between different subgroups. A rather high proportion of the respondents reported the service as being monotonous. Compared with earlier studies, a higher proportion of stress symptoms was found. It is possible that this could have been caused by differences in selection and service conditions.
Information requirements for crisis intervention after disaster work
Authors: Duckworth Douglas H. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractOver the past 10 years, researchers and employers have shown an increased interest in the psychological problems that can be experienced by first‐line disaster workers. This article briefly reviews available research in the area, and then illustrates the increased management concern over these problems by describing recent developments in the UK Police Service. Disaster contingency planning in this Service has come to place particular emphasis upon the provision of crisis intervention after potentially traumatic disaster work experiences: early, brief, problem‐focused treatment, which aims to restore distressed individuals to a precrisis level of functioning. The possible benefits of such early intervention are considered, and then attention is turned to the types of information required for guiding intervention in specific cases. Beyond basic information relating to current symptoms and coping activities, it will be useful to determine what experiences from before, during and after the disaster work are implicated in the person's current disturbance, and how the person is modelling these experiences. It will also be important to identify those contemporaneous, psychological appraisal processes that are sustaining the disturbance: individuals who are left to adjust ‘naturally’ typically pay little or no attention to these powerfully disturbing, but in principle modifiable appraisal processes.
The impact of stressful life events on natural killer cells
Authors: Schlesinger Michael , Yodfat Y. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractA study was carried out among members of a kibbutz to determine to what extent their capacity to cope with stressors affected natural killer (NK) cells and how this capacity was regulated by personal, family and social resources. The NK activity and NK cell markers were analysed among 92 kibbutz residents. A number of psychosocial parameters (including family function, social support, and demoralization) were assessed in parallel. A significant correlation was found between the capacity of individuals to cope with daily life stress and their cytotoxic NK activity. Individuals who were diagnosed as having anxiety neurosis had a significantly weaker NK activity and their population of Leu‐11 positive cells was significantly lower than among those without such symptoms. No significant association could be determined between either NK cell activity or proportion of Leu‐11 positive lymphocytes and any of the psychosocial parameters tested. Thus, while coping with stress has a significant effect on the NK system, further studies are required to elucidate the psychosocial mechanisms involved.
Affects, Neurotransmitters, and immunocompetence
Authors: Udelman Donna Lou , Udelman Harold D. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractTwenty‐five individuals participated in a three month study of associations between depression, hopefulness, neurotransmitters, and immunity. Fifteen subjects were diagnosed as Major Depression (DSM‐III); ten were ‘normals’ who had no psychiatric history, no major medical disorder, and were taking no medication. Psychological testings included three Gottschalk verbal sample scales, the Zung depression scale and the Udelmans' Social History Index. Physiologic measurements included neurotransmitters, 5‐HIAA, CBC and immune parameters. All testings were done at the onset and three months later. Data were scored, analyzed and compared between groups and within the groups. Findings are presented and hypothetical constructs discussed. Implications for future studies are suggested.
The psychosocial integration of diabetic patients type 1 (insulin‐dependent)
Authors: Mincu I. , Costea Mariana , Ionescu‐Tirgoviste C. , Popa Elena 
Published: June 2007

AbstractA comparative study was carried out on 250 diabetic patients type 1 (118 males, 132 females, aged between 16–60, mean age 37 ± 15 years and a diabetes duration of 13 ± 5 years) and 100 controls (43 males, 57 females, between 20–60 years old with a mean age 32 ± 17 years).Factors of maladjustment have been assessed within the family, professional, social and psychologic dimensions, by a standardized questionnaire (36 items) which was adapted by us from existing scales such as: PULSES scale; and scales of Affleck, Y. W.9, Craig, A. R.10 and Peterson, C.11 questionnaire.The frequencies distribution showed the most significant difference (p < 0.001) between the 2 examined groups for social stress (20 ± 12% versus 6 ± 2%), followed by family stress (36 ± 10% versus 14 ± 5%). Professional stress was of a lower significance (31, 2 ± 4 versus 12 ± 9%). Stress in diabetics is determined rather by the education level and sex differences, than by age and diabetes duration.The high rate of psychosocial maladjustment of diabetics derived from management problems that require too many changes in the family, vocational, social, attitudinal and life style functioning patterns.The ergotic unadaptative rate (31, 2%) has been conditioned by the frequency of premature retiring (23%) and on the other hand by the high level of family disharmonies (17, 6%) and social isolation (8, 8%). This reveals major relational frustration and the high rate of psychosocial maladjustment of diabetic patients. In view of psychosocial and vocational rehabilitation of diabetics, a holistic bio‐psycho‐social approach, in an integrated interdisciplinary team, is required.
Type A behavior pattern and coronary heart disease: The hostility factor?
Authors: Rosenman Ray H. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractIt would appear that the type A behavior pattern (TABP) is an independent risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD), particularly at younger ages, and for incidence of initial myocardial infarction. Competitiveness may be the so‐called ‘toxic’ factor in TABP, having seminal importance in aggressive drive, accelerated pace, impatience and hostility. Nevertheless, it seems unlikely that human emotional and behavioral aspects can ever satisfactorily be subdivided into single component parts such as ‘hostility’.
Type A personality, work stress and psychological distress in Japanese adult employees
Authors: Iwata Noboru , Suzuki Kazuo , Saito Kazuo , Abe Kazuhiko 
Published: June 2007

AbstractTo explore work stress–strain relations and the effect of Type A/B personality among Japanese adult employees, a questionnaire survey was conducted in two branches of a large bank in Hokkaido, Japan. Data were obtained from 256 adult employees (158 males and 98 females). The questionnaire consisted of several scales concerning role stress, the 28‐item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ‐28), job dissatisfaction, the Jenkins Activity Survey, and others. While most of the variables differed across three subsamples (male clerks, males of chief clerk status or higher, and female clerks), both role overload and conflict were comparable. Role overload and conflict were highly associated with psychological distress, but role ambiguity showed a few significant correlations. Also, fewer significant correlations were found for Type A/B subscales. A moderated multiple regression analysis was carried out by subsample for each pair of role stress and Type A/B subscale for each psychological distress. A buffering effect of Type A/B was tested by considering the significance of its interaction term with role stress. As a whole global A tendency ie, high scores on the JAS‐A/B subscale would play a role as ‘buffer’, but high hard‐driving and competitive tendencies would play roles as both ‘buffer’ and ‘exaggerator’ according to the type of stress. Most of these results, however, were detected in the analyses of male clerks. Therefore, either buffering or exacerbating effects of Type A/B personality on stress–strain relations were recognized to vary between genders, across job positions, and/or across the types of stress at work and distress.
The association of friedman's pathogenic emotions (AIAI) with current smoking, but not smoking history, in males suspected of coronary artery disease (CAD)
Authors: Ketterer Mark W. , Maercklein Gail H. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe role of Friedman's pathogenic emotions (aggravation, irritation, anger and impatience or AIAI) in the initiation or aggravation of ischemic coronary heart disease (ICHD) may be due to direct neural/neuroendocrine factors or to indirect influences on other risk factors, such as smoking. In two studies of independent samples, data collected during an initial interview with male patients undergoing coronary angiography included (a) packyears of smoking and (b) current smoking status. The Jenkins Activity Survey (JAS), Life Change Scale (LCS) and Ketterer Stress Symptom Frequency Checklist (KSSFC) were administered during the first study. A mean split comparing high versus low groupings on each of the psychometric scales demonstrated that patients displaying Type B (44 per cent versus 22 per cent), depressive (53 per cent versus 22 per cent), anxious (44 per cent versus 26 per cent) and AIAI (51 per cent versus 23 per cent) characteristics were more likely to be current smokers (p < 0.05) while not being any different from their counterparts in smoking history. In a second sample of 149 male angiography patients who were better educated and from a different region of the country, the KSSFC, Framingham Type A Scale, Cooke–Medley Hostility Scale (CHMS) and Perceived Social Support Scale were used. Only the AIAI (25 per cent versus 12 per cent) and CMHS (26 per cent versus 12 per cent) were positively associated with current smoking, again independent of any baseline difference in smoking history. Present results are most parsimoniously explained by the thesis that high levels of AIAI interfere with smoking cessation or relapse avoidance.
Evaluation of a meta‐cognitive strategy to improve the information gained from a stroke information pack
Authors: Lorenc Louise , Sturmey Peter , Brittain Helen 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis study was designed to investigate the effectiveness of a meta‐cognitive strategy for processing information about stroke. Three groups of subjects who had recently suffered a stroke received either no information, an information booklet or an information booklet with instructions to monitor comprehension. Subjects receiving an information pack coupled with the meta‐cognitive strategy recalled significantly more information than the other groups. There were not differences on subjective measures such as consumer satisfaction.
‘The miserable hath no other medicine, but only hope’: Some conceptual considerations on hope and stress
Authors: Jacoby Rivka 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis article focuses on the concept of hope, which is referred to by the literature as one of the positive variables aiding in the process of coping with stress. Two major existing approaches to the topic are mentioned: the dynamic and the cognitive‐behavioural. In addition, my own conceptualization of the subject is developed, trying to integrate these approaches with a developmental approach. The conceptualization is based on six major assumptions that emphasize the separation – individuation process.
Crisis intervention for attempted suicide in Shanghai, China
Authors: Jianlin Ji 
Published: June 2007

AbstractSuicide, which is a common problem in China, is attracting more attention from Chinese psychiatrists at present. This study reports on the demographic characteristics of 75 suicide attempters and discusses the effects of crisis intervention (CI) management of these people in Shanghai. Most of them are under 35 years of age and have very poor relationships with their partners and parents. It appears that 77.3 per cent of the attempters can improve and are able to cope with stressful events through supportive psychotherapy and brief problem‐oriented psychotherapeutic management. The author suggests that CI can be an immediate, effective and practical approach when used to prevent suicide and parasuicide in the community in China.
A study of occupational stress among government white‐collar workers in Brazil using the occupational stress indicator
Authors: Renault Moraes Lucio F. De , Swan Jacky A. , Cooper Cary L. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractReports investigating occupational stress in Brazil have suffered from a paucity of Brazilian stress measurement tools. This article reports a detailed examination of occupational stress among white‐collar workers in a medium‐sized Brazilian government organization, using a Brazilian‐Portuguese translation of the Occupational Stress Indicator (OSI). This indicator is used widely in the UK, Europe and in the US, and measures major sources of pressure at work, stress outcome variables (job satisfaction, mental and physical health) and individual difference variables (Type A behaviour, locus of control, and coping strategies). These individual difference variables are purported to mediate the relationship between the sources of pressure and stress outcomes. Additional independent measures of the stress outcome variables were used along with measures of personal demographics. The findings suggest that these Brazilian workers experience more sources of pressure and use fewer coping strategies than a normative comparison group comprising UK workers, though it is not clear whether these differences are unique to the Brazilian organization in the study or due to differences in stress cross‐nationally. Thirty‐one to forty‐year‐olds reported greater sources of stress than either younger or older workers, but age did not independently predict stress outcomes. Females tended to report higher sources of stress, poorer health and lower job satisfaction than males, and sex also independently predicted health and job satisfaction on some measures of these variables. Those with degrees reported greater sources of stress and lower job satisfaction than those without degrees, but educational level did not independently predict the stress outcome variables whereas job type did predict job satisfaction, with those in managerial jobs generally being more satisfied than those in clerical or in technical jobs. This latter group were the least satisfied and experienced the greatest sources of stress. Other predictors of job satisfaction included locus of control, Type A behaviour and sources of stress from factors intrinsic to the job. In fact, this last variable was important in predicting both job satisfaction and health on all measures of these variables. Other predictors of health included locus of control and sources of stress from the interface between home and work. In general, findings obtained with alternative measures of the same stress outcome variables were consistent, adding convergent validity to the data.
The influence of life event stress on the course of rheumatoid arthritis — a longitudinal study
Authors: Koehler Thomas , Verthein Uwe 
Published: June 2007

AbstractTo test the hypothesis that the course of rheumatoid arthritis is negatively influenced by the occurrence of stressful life events, a prospective study over 1 year was carried out. Thirty patients filled out a modified German version of the Social Readjustment Rating Scale every 3 months and reported the events that had occurred to them since they last filled out the questionnaire; in addition, they supplied information about changes in their rheumatic symptoms. Intraindividual simultaneous and cross‐lagged correlations between life events and change of symptoms were computed across points of assessments. The number of positive correlations equalled that of the negative ones, thus not supporting the hypothesis formulated above. Correspondingly, cross‐sectional comparisons for each of the four intervals revealed no differences in experienced life events between patients whose symptoms had worsened and those whose symptoms had remained constant or even ameliorated.
Sleep patterns in anxiety and depression associated with stress
Authors: Wheatley David 
Published: June 2007

AbstractOf 31 patients with anxiety and 44 with depression attending the Maudsley Stress Clinic, only one of the former and two of the latter did not suffer from sleep disturbance. Severity of impairment of five sleep factors was greater in depression than in anxiety, statistically significantly so in the case of delayed sleep onset (p < 0.01), early morning walking (p < 0.01) and impaired state on walking (p < 0.05). The type of sleep disorder in these conditions has important implications for choice of treatment.
Police officers' coping strategies: An Australian police survey
Authors: Evans Barry J. , Coman Greg. J. , Stanley Robb O. , Burrows Graham D. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractPolice officers, in the performance of their duties, face a range of potentially stressful situations and events. These have the capacity to cause significant personal distress, leading to short — and long‐term changes in mood, psychological functioning and social activity. In response to the stresses of the job, officers must utilize any number of coping strategies to deal with their occupational stress. The aim of the present study was to examine the stress‐coping strategies used by a large sample of Australian police personnel. Responses to the Revised Ways of Coping Checklist showed that most officers utilize problem‐focused, direct action coping strategies, with more limited use of social supports, self‐blame and wishful thinking. While their coping behaviours may help them moderate problem‐focused stress concerns, the data suggest that many officers may not deal effectively with their emotion‐focused concerns. These data are examined in the light of the research literature detailing the so‐called police personality.
Changes in immune status following conjugal bereavement
Authors: Pettingale K. W. , Hussein M. , Inayat Q. , Tee D. E. H. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractPsychological and immunological assessments were performed concurrently on spouses of terminally ill cancer patients, who were then followed for 1 year after bereavement. Sixty subjects were originally recruited, but only 12 completed the full assessment. There was no evidence that this subsample was different from the rest of the group. There were significant correlations between both the degree of distress experienced, using the Grief Experience Inventory, and marital adjustment with NK cell and helper T cell subpopulations. However, cell populations were within normal limits and did not change significantly postbereavement. Cytokine (IL‐Iα) production was normal, but IFN‐γ was persistently elevated in association with subnormal T cell activation potential in some subjects. These results suggest that there may be a dysregulation of immune function following bereavement which results in persistent activation of T cells and the production of cytokines. Such a dysregulation could result in the predisposition to autoailergic rather than infectious disease.