bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lower bounds in communication complexity based on factorization norms
Authors: Linial Nati , Shraibman Adi 
Published: September 2008

AbstractWe introduce a new method to derive lower bounds on randomized and quantum communication complexity. Our method is based on factorization norms, a notion from Banach Space theory. This approach gives us access to several powerful tools from this area such as normed spaces duality and Grothendiek's inequality. This extends the arsenal of methods for deriving lower bounds in communication complexity.As we show, our method subsumes most of the previously known general approaches to lower bounds on communication complexity. Moreover, we extend all (but one) of these lower bounds to the realm of quantum communication complexity with entanglement.Our results also shed some light on the question how much communication can be saved by using entanglement. It is known that entanglement can save one of every two qubits, and examples for which this is tight are also known. It follows from our results that this bound on the saving in communication is tight almost always. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 2009
Toxicity and bioaccumulation of the insecticide “Raid” in Wister rats
Authors: Achudume Albert C. , Nwoha Polycarp C. , Ibe Joseph N. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractToxicity and bioaccumulation of the insecticide “Raid” was determined to assess total animal dietary exposures in a nonoccupational environment. The study focused primarily on dietary exposure concentrations (25–960 μg/g) of the ingredients of Raid administered to rats for 10 days. Tissue concentrations of the insecticide were determined by a high‐pressure liquid chromatography method, whereas established methods were used to assess the tissue levels of glucose‐6‐phosphate and lactic acid dehydrogenase. Results show that animal mortality progressively increased with increasing concentrations while growth (in weight) decreased. Bioaccumulation of the insecticide in the tissues was in the order of lipid > muscle > liver > brain. The indices of toxicity showed no significant effect in brain, but significant reduction of glucose‐6‐phosphatase and lactic acid dehydrogenase levels were observed in muscle and liver. These results suggest an inhibition of some key metabolic enzymes resulting from accumulation of the insecticide components in the tissues. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol, 2009.
Variational integrators for constrained dynamical systems
Authors: Leyendecker S. , Marsden J.E. , Ortiz M. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractA variational formulation of constrained dynamics is presented in the continuous and in the discrete setting. The existing theory on variational integration of constrained problems is extended by aspects on the initialization of simulations, the discrete Legendre transform and certain postprocessing steps. Furthermore, the discrete null space method which has been introduced in the framework of energy‐momentum conserving integration of constrained systems is adapted to the framework of variational integrators. It eliminates the constraint forces (including the Lagrange multipliers) from the time‐stepping scheme and subsequently reduces its dimension to the minimal possible number. While retaining the structure preserving properties of the specific integrator, the solution of the smaller dimensional system saves computational costs and does not suffer from conditioning problems. The performance of the variational discrete null space method is illustrated by numerical examples dealing with mass point systems, a closed kinematic chain of rigid bodies and flexible multibody dynamics and the solutions are compared to those obtained by an energy‐momentum scheme.
Dirt and Grime in Bathrooms: Their Chemical Composition and the Origin of the Triacylglycerols Contained Therein
Authors: Hisanaga Koji , Yamada Kaoru , Tsutsui Takuya , Tanizawa Yoshiaki 
Published: September 2008

AbstractBathrooms provide environments that encourage the formation of biofilms and mold on the hard surfaces of bathtubs and tile walls. To prevent such microbe‐produced grime from spreading, methods such as bleaching and scrubbing may be commonly employed. The removal of dirt before the mold can grow is much more important, however, and therefore clarification of the composition and the accumulation mechanism of dirt and grime is needed. The grime collected from the shower walls of home bathrooms in our previous study consisted mainly of calcium soap, surfactants, fatty acids, and triacylglycerols. The triacylglycerols were suggested as playing an important role in the accumulation of grime, and in the present study we focused on their detailed composition and origin. A non‐aqueous reverse‐phase HPLC‐ESI‐MS/MS enabled us to characterize the small amount of triacylglycerols, but their MS/MS spectra were complicated by the presence of a number of product ions. Furthermore, there were no characteristic ions that allowed us to identify the triacylglycerols. Therefore, we adopted a new methodology in which only two ESI‐MS/MS spectra corresponding to two m/z ranges in MS spectra (m/z 800–900 and 850–950) were acquired instead of a number of MS/MS spectra corresponding to each MS signal. This made it possible to estimate the origin of triacylglycerols by comparing the spectral patterns of the grime with those of the standard materials, with the desired convenience and quickness. The origin of the triacylglycerols should be closely related to the accumulation mechanism, though the triacylglycerols in the grime examined in the present study came mostly from human sebum instead of bath products and other sources.
Links between parenting and extra‐familial relationships: Nature or nurture?
Authors: Pike Alison , Eley Thalia C. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe current paper examined associations between parenting and both peer group characteristics and friendship quality within a genetically sensitive design. Participants were aged 12–19 years (approximately equal numbers of males and females), including 424 sibling pairs and 1185 twin pairs, of whom 328 were MZ, 311 were DZ same‐sex, 463 were DZ opposite‐sex and 83 were of unknown zygosity. The adolescents provided self‐report questionnaire measures of parental discipline, friendship quality, and peer group characteristics. All three relationship measures were moderately to substantially heritable. The novel and provocative finding, that adolescents' genetic propensities are largely responsible for the overlap seen between parental discipline strategies and friendship quality, is discussed in terms of its implications for socialization theory and understanding of adolescent relationships.
Safety and efficacy of fluticasone furoate in pediatric patients with perennial allergic rhinitis
Authors: Máspero Jorge F. , Rosenblut Andres , Finn Albert , Lim Junghee , Wu Wei , Philpot Edward 
Published: September 2008

ObjectiveTo evaluate the safety and efficacy of once‐daily (QD) fluticasone furoate (FF) nasal spray in children with perennial allergic rhinitis (PAR).Study DesignA global, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study.Subjects and MethodsPediatric patients (aged 2–11 years; n = 558) with PAR received once‐daily placebo, FF 110 μg, or FF 55 μg for 12 weeks. Efficacy was evaluated by nasal symptom scores. General safety and corticosteroid‐specific safety (nasal and ophthalmic examinations, and hypothalamic—pituitary—adrenal assessments) were assessed.ResultsNo findings of clinical concern were identified from the safety assessments. For primary efficacy analysis of mean change from baseline over the first 4 weeks of treatment in daily reflective total nasal symptom score, FF 55 μg demonstrated significant improvement (P = 0.003) compared with placebo; however, the improvement for FF 110 μg versus placebo did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.073).ConclusionFF QD was well tolerated and demonstrated efficacy in children aged 2 to 11 years with PAR.
Eating behaviours of non-obese individuals with and without familial history of obesity
Authors: Paradis Ann-Marie , Godin Gaston , Lemieux Simone , Pérusse Louis , Vohl Marie-Claude 
Published: September 2008

The aim of the present study was to examine whether eating behaviours and their subscales are associated with familial history of obesity (FHO) in a cohort of 326 non-obese men and women. Anthropometric measurements, eating behaviours (Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire) and dietary intakes (FFQ) have been determined in a sample of 197 women and 129 men. A positive FHO (FHO+) was defined as having at least one obese first-degree relative and a negative FHO (FHO − ) as no obese first-degree relative. Men with FHO+ had higher scores of cognitive dietary restraint and flexible restraint than men with FHO − . In women, those with FHO+ had a higher score of disinhibition than women with FHO − . In both men and women, eating behaviours were not significantly associated with the number of obese family members. However, having an obese mother was associated with higher scores of cognitive dietary restraint, flexible restraint and rigid restraint in women. These findings demonstrate that eating behaviours of non-obese subjects are different according to the presence or absence of obese family members. More specifically, having an obese mother is associated with a higher dietary restraint score in women.
The legislative and political contexts surrounding dementia care in India
Authors: BRIJNATH BIANCA R. 
Published: September 2008

ABSTRACTCurrently there is no specific policy on dementia care in India. Rather, the responsibility for care for people with dementia is not clearly articulated and formal care services straddle mental health and aged care. The result is that much care is placed upon individual families. This paper critically reviews Indian legislative and policy documents on this field of care, namely, theMental Health Act 1987, the National Mental Health Programme, the National Policy on Older Persons and theSenior Citizen's Act 2007. The invisibility of dementia care in public policy translates into the absence of adequate treatment facilities and mental health staff, and leaves informal care-giving unsupported. This gap is replicated in mental health and dementia-care research and literature in India, with little being known about how family carers respond to the experiences of care-giving, manage the stigma, and access support. As India, like other middle-income and low-income countries, is experiencing an increase in its older population, more research is needed to develop the epidemiological, medical and anthropological understanding of ageing, dementia and care. This knowledge is vital to understanding the cultural context of the disease and must also be incorporated into public health policy if there is to be effective management of the rising need for personal care.
The interaction of age and gender in illness narratives
Authors: SEALE CLIVE , CHARTERIS-BLACK JONATHAN 
Published: September 2008

ABSTRACTRecognition of the greater capacity of older women to draw on supportive social networks has now supplemented an earlier focus of research into gender and ageing which portrayed older men as a ‘privileged gerontocracy’ because of their greater access to financial resources and spousal care. This study of the experiences of cancer among people of three different age groups conducted a comparative keyword analysis of their narratives to consider the gender differentiation of a third resource: access to medical information and personnel. The analysed narratives were sampled from a large archive of research interviews. It was found that older men with cancer demonstrated a greater involvement with medicine as an expert system than younger men or women or older women. This stemmed from their social confidence when interacting with doctors and their interest in treating their illness as a ‘problem’ to be fixed with medico-scientific solutions. Compared with younger men and women of all ages, older men were less likely to draw on informal social and family networks for support, or to discuss in a direct style the emotional dimension of illness experience. Our findings contrast with other studies that have reported linguistic disadvantage in older people in elderly care settings, which underlines the importance of context for linguistic studies.
An empirical test of new developments in coalition theory for the design of international environmental agreements
Authors: FINUS MICHAEL , SÁIZ M. ELENA , HENDRIX ELIGIUS M.T. 
Published: September 2008

ABSTRACTWe consider new developments in coalition theory for the design of international environmental agreements (IEAs). Applying an empirical model on climate change that comprises benefit and cost estimates from abatement for 12 world regions, we analyze how the design of an agreement affects the success of self-enforcing IEAs. We analyze single versus multiple coalitions, open versus exclusive membership with majority and unanimity voting, and no transfers versus transfers with four different transfer schemes.
Characterization of the activity and folding of the glutathione transferase fromEscherichia coliand the roles of residues Cys10 and His106
Authors: Wang Xin-Yu , Zhang Zai-Rong , Perrett Sarah 
Published: September 2008

GSTs (glutathione transferases) are an important class of enzymes involved in cellular detoxification. GSTs are found in all classes of organisms and are implicated in resistance towards drugs, pesticides, herbicides and antibiotics. The activity, structure and folding, particularly of eukaryotic GSTs, have therefore been widely studied. The crystal structure of EGST (GST from Escherichia coli) was reported around 10 years ago and it suggested Cys10 and His106 as potential catalytic residues. However, the role of these residues in catalysis has not been further investigated, nor have the folding properties of the protein been described. In the present study we investigated the contributions of residues Cys10 and His106 to the activity and stability of EGST. We found that EGST shows a complex equilibrium unfolding profile, involving a population of at least two partially folded intermediates, one of which is dimeric. Mutation of residues Cys10 and His106 leads to stabilization of the protein and affects the apparent steady-state kinetic parameters for enzyme catalysis. The results suggest that the imidazole ring of His106 plays an important role in the catalytic mechanism of the enzyme, whereas Cys10 is involved in binding of the substrate, glutathione. Engineering of the Cys10 site can be used to increase both the stability and GST activity of EGST. However, in addition to GST activity, we discovered that EGST also possesses thiol:disulfide oxidoreductase activity, for which the residue Cys10 plays an essential role. Further, tryptophan quenching experiments indicate that a mixed disulfide is formed between the free thiol group of Cys10 and the substrate, glutathione.
Mutation of the Arabidopsis NRT1.5 Nitrate Transporter Causes Defective Root-to-Shoot Nitrate Transport
Authors: Lin Shan-Hua , Kuo Hui-Fen , Canivenc Geneviève , Lin Choun-Sea , Lepetit Marc , Hsu Po-Kai , Tillard Pascal , Lin Huey-Ling , Wang Ya-Yun , Tsai Chyn-Bey , Gojon Alain , Tsay Yi-Fang 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
Little is known about the molecular and regulatory mechanisms of long-distance nitrate transport in higher plants. NRT1.5 is one of the 53 Arabidopsis thaliana nitrate transporter NRT1 (Peptide Transporter PTR) genes, of which two members, NRT1.1 (CHL1 for Chlorate resistant 1) and NRT1.2, have been shown to be involved in nitrate uptake. Functional analysis of cRNA-injected Xenopus laevis oocytes showed that NRT1.5 is a low-affinity, pH-dependent bidirectional nitrate transporter. Subcellular localization in plant protoplasts and in planta promoter-β-glucuronidase analysis, as well as in situ hybridization, showed that NRT1.5 is located in the plasma membrane and is expressed in root pericycle cells close to the xylem. Knockdown or knockout mutations of NRT1.5 reduced the amount of nitrate transported from the root to the shoot, suggesting that NRT1.5 participates in root xylem loading of nitrate. However, root-to-shoot nitrate transport was not completely eliminated in the NRT1.5 knockout mutant, and reduction of NRT1.5 in the nrt1.1 background did not affect root-to-shoot nitrate transport. These data suggest that, in addition to that involving NRT1.5, another mechanism is responsible for xylem loading of nitrate. Further analyses of the nrt1.5 mutants revealed a regulatory loop between nitrate and potassium at the xylem transport step.
Thermoelastic properties of magnesiowüstite, (Mg1−xFex)O: determination of the Anderson–Grüneisen parameter by time-of-flight neutron powder diffraction at simultaneous high pressures and temperatures
Authors: Wood Ian G. , Vočadlo Lidunka , Dobson David P. , Price G. David , Fortes A. D. , Cooper Frances J. , Neale J. W. , Walker Andrew M. , Marshall W. G. , Tucker M. G. , Francis D. J. , Stone H. J. , McCammon C. A. 
Published: September 2008

The ability to perform neutron diffraction studies at simultaneous high pressures and high temperatures is a relatively recent development. The suitability of this technique for determiningP–V–Tequations of state has been investigated by measuring the lattice parameters of Mg1−xFexO (x= 0.2, 0.3, 0.4), in the rangeP < 10.3 GPa and 300 <T< 986 K, by time-of-flight neutron powder diffraction. Pressures were determined using metallic Fe as a marker and temperatures were measured by neutron absorption resonance radiography. Within the resolution of the experiment, no evidence was found for any change in the temperature derivative of the isothermal incompressibility, ∂KT/∂T, with composition. By assuming that the equation-of-state parameters either varied linearly or were invariant with composition, the 60 measured state points were fitted simultaneously to aP–V–T–xequation of state, leading to values of ∂KT/∂T= −0.024 (9) GPa K−1and of the isothermal Anderson–Grüneisen parameter δT= 4.0 (16) at 300 K. Two designs of simultaneous high-P/Tcell were employed during this study. It appears that, by virtue of its extended pressure range, a design using toroidal gaskets is more suitable for equation-of-state studies than is the system described by Le Godec, Dove, Francis, Kohn, Marshall, Pawley, Price, Redfern, Rhodes, Ross, Schofield, Schooneveld, Syfosse, Tucker & Welch [Mineral. Mag.(2001),65, 737–748].
Thioredoxin as a fusion tag for carrier‐driven crystallization
Authors: Corsini Lorenzo , Hothorn Michael , Scheffzek Klaus , Sattler Michael , Stier Gunter 
Published: September 2008

AbstractStructural investigations are frequently hindered by difficulties in obtaining diffracting crystals of the target protein. Here, we report the crystallization and structure solution of the U2AF homology motif (UHM) domain of splicing factor Puf60 fused to Escherichia coli thioredoxin A. Both modules make extensive crystallographic contacts, contributing to a well‐defined crystal lattice with clear electron density for both the thioredoxin and the Puf60‐UHM module. We compare two short linker sequences between the two fusion domains, GSAM and GSPPM, for which only the GSAM‐linked fusion protein yielded diffracting crystals. While specific interdomain contacts are not observed for both fusion proteins, NMR relaxation data in solution indicate reduced interdomain mobility between the Trx and Puf60‐UHM modules. The GSPPM‐linked fusion protein is significantly more flexible, albeit both linker sequences have the same number of degrees of torsional freedom. Our analysis provides a rationale for the crystallization of the GSAM‐linked fusion protein and indicates that in this case, a four‐residue linker between thioredoxin A and the fused target may represent the maximal length for crystallization purposes. Our data provide an experimental basis for the rational design of linker sequences in carrier‐driven crystallization and identify thioredoxin A as a powerful fusion partner that can aid crystallization of difficult targets.
Amino acid composition and protein dimension
Authors: Carugo Oliviero 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThere is indirect evidence that the amino acid composition of proteins depends on their dimension. The amino acid composition of a nonredundant set of about 550,000 proteins was determined and it was observed that, in the range of 50–200 residues, the percentage of occurrence of most of the residue types significantly depends on protein dimension. This result should prove useful in analyzing protein sequences and genomics.
Service user experience of participation in child welfare case management
Authors: Tregeagle Susan , Mason Jan 
Published: September 2008

ABSTRACTChild welfare case management systems were designed, in part, to standardize participatory practices for both young people and their parents. This paper reports the findings of a qualitative study of Australian service users' experiences of participation when using the case management systems, Looking After Children and Supporting Children and Responding to Families. Findings indicate that the majority of service users reported positive experiences of participating in the use of these systems. However, participatory relations were often slow to develop and frequently involved conflict. Some service users used their power to control the flow and accuracy of information, or resisted workers in other ways. Some children and young people were excluded from the opportunity to participate because the systems did not have a ‘text‐based’ format to ‘ensure’ that this process occurred. These findings indicate that case management systems did not result in relationships which consistently informed the intervention in a way that the systems' authors had envisaged. Service users did not necessarily take up the openings offered to them and workers did not necessarily comply with the systems' obligations. The findings cause us to question the assumptions that power can be bestowed or withdrawn, in the way suggested by these case management systems.
Fostering self‐esteem: exploring adult recollections on the influence of foster parents
Authors: Luke Nikki , Coyne Sarah M. 
Published: September 2008

ABSTRACTFoster parents are in a unique position to improve the self‐esteem of children in their care, which may be lower than that of their non‐fostered peers. According to Harter's dual‐influence model, both general support or attachment and domain‐specific support contribute to self‐esteem. The current study used this model to explore the ways in which foster parents had influenced the self‐esteem of a sample of five adults with differing foster care experiences. Retrospective interviews were used to gather memories of high self‐esteem from time spent in foster care. A thematic analysis of the interview transcripts supported Harter's model, and provided a number of examples of ways in which foster parents could boost children's self‐esteem. The model was further extended to show the importance of ‘normality’ and inclusion for this sample of fostered adults. Further research on this topic is recommended with a view to widening the scope of foster carer training beyond attachment theory.