bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perinatal findings and molecular cytogenetic analyses of de novo interstitial deletion of 9q (9q22.3→q31.3) associated with Gorlin syndrome
Authors: Chen Chih‐Ping , Lin Shuan‐Pei , Wang Tzu‐Hao , Chen Yann‐Jang , Chen Ming , Wang Wayseen 
Published: July 2006

AbstractObjectivesTo present the perinatal findings and the molecular cytogenetic analyses of a de novo interstitial deletion of 9q (9q22.3→q31.3) associated with Gorlin syndrome.MethodsAmniocentesis was performed at 18 weeks' gestation on a 27‐year‐old woman at a community hospital because of a high Down syndrome risk of 1/178, a low maternal serum α‐fetoprotein (MSAFP) level of 0.66 multiples of the median (MoM), and a high maternal serum human chorionic gonadotrophin (MShCG) level of 3.13 MoM. The karyotype was initially determined to be 46,XY. However, fetal macrocephaly and overgrowth were found at 30 weeks' gestation. Postnatally, the infant manifested characteristic features of Gorlin syndrome. High‐resolution chromosomal bandings of the peripheral blood lymphocytes, polymorphic DNA marker analysis to determine the parental origin of the deletion, array comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) to determine the extent of the chromosomal deletion, and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to determine the deletion of the PTCH gene were performed.ResultsThe 850‐band level of resolution showed an interstitial deletion of 9q (9q22.3→q31.3). The parental karyotypes were normal. The karyotype of the proband was 46,XY,del(9)(q22.3q31.3)de novo. Polymorphic DNA marker analysis revealed that the deletion was of paternal origin. Array CGH revealed that the deleted region was about 12 Mb, encompassing the segment from 9q22.32 to 9q31.3. FISH analysis using the BAC probe RP11‐34D4 and the probe RP11‐43505 indicated the deletion of the PTCH gene.ConclusionsFetuses with an interstitial deletion of 9q (9q22.3→q31.3) may be associated with a low level of MSAFP and a high level of MShCG in the second trimester, and sonographic findings of overgrowth and macrocephaly in the third trimester. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Isothermal crystallization behavior of poly(L‐lactide) in poly(L‐lactide)‐block‐poly(ethylene glycol) diblock copolymers
Authors: Huang Ching‐I , Tsai Shang‐Hsiu , Chen Chih‐Ming 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThe crystal unit‐cell structures and the isothermal crystallization kinetics of poly(L‐lactide) in biodegradable poly(L‐lactide)‐block‐methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) (PLLA‐b‐MePEG) diblock copolymers have been analyzed by wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry. In particular, the effects due to the presence of MePEG that is chemically connected to PLLA as well as the PLLA crystallization temperature TC are examined. Though we observe no variation of both the PLLA and MePEG crystal unit‐cell structures with the block ratio between PLLA and MePEG and TC, the isothermal crystallization kinetics of PLLA is greatly influenced by the presence of MePEG that is connected to it. In particular, the equilibrium melting temperature of PLLA, T, significantly decreases in the diblock copolymers. When the TC is high so that the crystallization is controlled by nucleation, because of the decreasing T and thereafter the nucleation density with decreasing PLLA molecular weight, the crystallinity of PLLA also decreases with a decrease in the PLLA molecular weight. While, for the lower crystallization temperature regime controlled by the growth mechanism, the crystallizability of PLLA in copolymers is greater than that of pure PLLA. This suggests that the activation energy for the PLLA segment diffusing to the crystallization site decreases in the diblocks. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 44: 2438–2448, 2006
Preparation of antimicrobial poly(vinyl alcohol) nanofibers containing silver nanoparticles
Authors: Hong Kyung Hwa , Park Jong Lyoul , Sul In Hwan , Youk Ji Ho , Kang Tae Jin 
Published: July 2006

AbstractPolyvinyl alcohol (PVA) nanofibers containing Ag nanoparticles were prepared by electrospinning PVA/silver nitrate (AgNO3) aqueous solutions, followed by short heat treatment, and their antimicrobial activity was investigated for wound dressing applications. Since PVA is a water soluble and biocompatible polymer, it is one of the best materials for the preparation of wound dressing nanofibers. After heat treatment at 155 °C for 3 min, the PVA/AgNO3 nanofibers became insoluble, while the Ag+ ions therein were reduced so as to produce a large number of Ag nanoparticles situated preferentially on their surface. The residual Ag+ ions were reduced by subsequent UV irradiation for 3 h. The average diameter of the Ag nanoparticles after the heat treatment was 5.9 nm and this value increased slightly to 6.3 nm after UV irradiation. It was found that most of the Ag+ ions were reduced by the simple heat treatment. The PVA nanofibers containing Ag nanoparticles showed very strong antimicrobial activity. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 44: 2468–2474, 2006
Exhaled breath condensate nitrite/nitrate and pH in relation to pediatric asthma control and exhaled nitric oxide
Authors: Ratnawati  , Morton John , Henry Richard L. , Thomas Paul S. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractBackgroundCombining exhaled breath condensate (EBC) and exhaled nitric oxide (eNO) may be a useful, non‐invasive method to assess airway inflammation in pediatric asthma. This cross‐sectional study evaluated the relationship of both EBC nitrite/nitrate (NOx) and EBC pH with asthma control and eNO in asthmatic, normal, and atopic children.MethodsA total of 92 children were recruited, comprising 62 with asthma, 14 with atopy only, and 16 who were normal and non‐atopic. All completed a questionnaire for asthma symptoms and control. Variables measured were spirometry, EBC NOx, pH, and eNO.ResultsEBC NOx in those with asthma (mean 8.4 µM, CI 7.5–9.4) was significantly elevated when compared with normal (4.8 µM, CI 3.4–6.2, P = 0.0007) and atopic children (6.5 µM, CI 4.0–9.1, P = 0.02). The mean level of eNO was significantly higher in those with asthma (43.7 ppb, CI 34.7–51.1, P < 0.001) and atopy (24 ppb, CI 16.7–31.2, P < 0.05) when compared with normal children (11.5 ppb, CI 6.7–16.2). There was a significantly lower pH in those with asthma and a FEV1 < 80% predicted (P = 0.03), but no significant overall differences in EBC pH between the three groups of children. There was a significant correlation between eNO and EBC NOx in the group as a whole, but not between eNO and EBC pH.ConclusionsMean EBC NOx levels differ between children with asthma, atopy, and those who are normal, but it is not interchangeable with eNO. EBC pH may be an additional marker of asthma control. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2006, 41:929–936. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Case study: Providing evidence‐based behavioral and nutrition treatment to a toddler with cystic fibrosis and multiple food allergies via telehealth
Authors: Piazza‐Waggoner Carrie , Ferguson Kathleen S. , Daines Cori , Acton James D. , Powers Scott W. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractBarriers to successful outcome for cystic fibrosis (CF) therapies can include distance from a CF care center, co‐morbid conditions that require individualized alterations to the prescribed treatment, and patient‐provider interactions, among others. We present the case of a 21‐month‐old female with CF for whom modifications of an efficacious behavioral and nutrition treatment were made due to food allergies and distance from the CF care center. She was classified as at‐risk nutritionally. Following treatment a significant increase in energy intake (calories) was observed in addition to her meeting weight and height growth rates for a child of this age and gender who is growing normally at the 50th percentile. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2006, 41:1001–1004. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Long‐term follow‐up of oropharyngeal dysphagia in children without apparent risk factors
Authors: Lefton‐Greif Maureen A. , Carroll John L. , Loughlin Gerald M. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractBackgroundThe presence of swallowing dysfunction in children without obvious risk factors remains under appreciated. Early identification and prompt initiation of appropriate treatments are critical for reduction of morbidities associated with dysphagia.Objective.To describe the clinical presentations, radiologic characteristics, and long‐term outcomes in children with oropharyngeal dysphagia presenting as unexplained respiratory problems. We completed a retrospective chart review of all children without known dysphagic risk factors upon presentation to Speech‐Language Pathology (December 1991–April 1995) for feeding/swallowing evaluations because of refractory respiratory problems and dysphagic concerns, and who subsequently were diagnosed with dysphagia on Videofluoroscopic Swallow Study (VFSS). In August 2002, follow‐up telephone interviews were conducted with caregivers of 14 children.Results.We identified 19 children (mean age 1.14 years; range 0.9–5.75) with dysphagia presenting as unexplained respiratory problems. On VFSS, delayed pharyngeal swallow onset was the most common abnormal radiologic finding and always preceded penetration or tracheal aspiration. Eleven (57.9%) children aspirated. Aspiration occurred only with liquids and 100% of aspiration events were silent (i.e., no cough). Dysphagia was not a concern in 11 children at a mean age 3.2 years (range 0.7–10) and persisted in three children who were 9 years or older.Conclusions.Oropharyngeal dysphagia should be considered in the differential diagnosis of young children without known risk factors associated with swallowing dysfunction when they present with unexplained respiratory problems. Although the prognosis for resolution of dysphagic concerns is very good, it may take several years. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2006, 41:1040–1048. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The etiology of tracheal mucosal injury in proximal esophageal atresia plus distal tracheoesophageal fistula: An animal study
Authors: Ateş Oğuz , Hakgüder Gülce , Olguner Mustafa , Özer Erdener , Akgür Feza M. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractTracheal mucosal damage has been reported in autopsy specimens of cases with proximal esophageal atresia and distal tracheoesophageal fistula (EA‐TEF) (Gross classification type C). Such changes have not been reported for isolated EA (Gross classification type A). Our hypothesis is that passage of amniotic fluid (AF) through fistula via larynx and trachea may damage tracheal mucosa. An experimental study was conducted to investigate this hypothesis in the Adriamycin‐induced EA‐TEF model. In the first stage of the study, we tested whether the fetuses with EA‐TEF associated with pyloric atresia cannot swallow AF whereas the fetuses EA‐TEF without intestinal atresia can swallow AF. Carbon solution was injected into the AF for this purpose. In the second stage of study, at the 21st day of their gestation, fetuses were extirpated and dissected under microscope. In both stages, fetuses were divided into four groups as control, fetuses without tracheoesophageal abnormalities, fetuses with EA‐TEF only, fetuses with pyloric atresia associated with EA‐TEF. Lungs and tracheas of the all fetuses were removed for histopathological examination. While carbon particles were present in the trachea, stomachs of the fetuses without tracheoesophageal anomalies, with EA‐TEF only and control fetuses, carbon particles were absent in both trachea and stomachs of the fetuses with pyloric atresia associated with EA‐TEF. Histopatological examination of the tracheal mucosa showed damage throughout the trachea in the fetuses with EA‐TEF only group. Tracheal mucosa was found to be normal in other groups. Bronchial mucosa and lung tissues were found to be normal in all groups. Amniotic fluid swallowed through the TEF causes histopathological changes in the tracheal mucosa of the fetuses with EA‐TEF only group. These findings may also contribute to the development of new fetal treatment modalities. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2006, 41:1049–1052. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Correlated Ab initio electron propagators in the study of molecular wires
Authors: Dolgounitcheva O. , Zakrzewski V. G. , Sterling Mark R. , Kletsov A. , Dahnovsky Yu. , Ortiz J. V. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractCorrelated ab initio electron propagators provide a systematic approach to treating correlation effects in the study of molecular wires. Some preliminary formal and computational steps toward the application of such methods to electron transport problems in nanoscience are presented. Retarded and advanced Green functions are expressed in terms of a general electron propagator for a bridge molecule. Terminal and Green function matrices of any rank may be employed. An analytical expression for the current depends on correlated electron binding energies, pole strengths, and Dyson orbitals that may be produced with readily available software. Calculations on benzene dithiolate between gold atoms illustrate the capabilities of this approach. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2006
A new approach to the Noack volatility test
Authors: Selby T. W. , Reichenbach E. A. , Hall R. H. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThis paper reports on the method and preliminary results of a significant modification of the Noack volatility test. This modification permits collection and examination of the volatile products as well as of the residue. The analysis of such volatiles by chromatography and spectroscopy revealed surprising information that is especially relevant in the face of increasingly difficult automotive and heavy duty engine emission limitations. The data also showed very close agreement with the Unified Test Method for the Noack Volatility Test now covered by CEC L‐40‐T‐87. Important to operators, the authors' modified Noack apparatus avoids the use of the toxic Wood's Metal of the earlier Noack apparatus.
Laser particle sizing of diesel soots in two formulated oils after different engine tests
Authors: Constans B. , Bezot P. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractSoots of four types were extracted from two different formulated diesel oils, namely oil ‘A’, a 15W40, and oil ‘B’, a 20W40, after engine (50 h) and tribological (20 h + 20 h) tests. The soots were dispersed into four different model solvents and base oils, and analysed by Photon Correlation Technique.In a first study, soot particle size measurements were conducted after dilution in n‐heptane, Kerdane solvent, 60N and 130N base oils. The influences of engine running‐time and solvent nature have been particularly considered. The second study has been devoted to the aggregation kinetic of soots in these solvents.These data are important for a better understanding of soot dispersion stability and the rheology of used oils in diesel engines.
Computer support in tribology ‐ experiments and database
Authors: Santner E. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractAs in all other areas of research today, so in tribology, computers play an important role. The exact analysis of tribological systems needs finite element methods (FEM) for calculation. Analysis of worn surfaces by SEM, AUGER, ESCA, XRS and the interpretation and documentation of measurements is performed with computers. The new approach to the basis of tribology by the use of scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM) and lateral force microscopy (LFM) would not be possible without computers. This paper points out the opportune tasks for computers in tribological simulation tests, such as complex test cycles, long time runs, automatic sensor calibration, measurements of fast varying signals, control and correction of mutual influences, and mentions the databases TRIBO (Tribology Index) for literature and Tribocollect for tribological data.
The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear
Authors: Williams J. A. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractAbrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two‐ and three‐body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.
Hot oil oxidation test (HOOT) — a laboratory simulation of ASTM Sequence IIID/IIIE engine tests
Authors: Ramakumar S. S. V. , Madhusudhana Rao A. , Srivastava S. P. , Bhatnagar A. K. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractReliable laboratory screening tests are an important stage in the development of automotive oils, because these oils are required to pass expensive engine tests to establish their performance credentials. The oxidation stability of crankcase lubricants is a vital parameter which defines the longevity of these oils in service. ASTM Sequence IIID and IIIE tests are used in the industry to evaluate this parameter. The present paper describes the development of a simple, bubbling oxygen, glassware, catalyst inhibited, type oxidation test. The test conditions have been optimised to get better discretion in the results, and the test results, when statistically correlated with the corresponding ASTM Sequence IIID and IIIE data, indicate that a 50–375% viscosity rise in HOOT will ensure a comfortable IIID pass with 98% confidence. However, in the case of IIIE, a viscosity rise of HOOT below 50% may indicate a IIID+ or IIIE performance with only 50% confidence. Improvement of the correlation between HOOT and IIIE can only be achieved by increasing the severity of the test conditions.
Determination of parameters for an upsetting‐sliding test to identify friction coefficients in real contact conditions
Authors: Dubois A. , Oudin J. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThe upsetting‐sliding test where a rigid contact tool induces localised plastic deformation on the surface of a test piece was developed to identify the friction coefficients and lubrication failures encountered in metal‐forming processes. The test has two consecutive stages. In the first, upsetting phase, the contact tool comes into contact with the workpiece and makes an indentation of some hundredths of a millimetre. In the second, sliding phase, the contact tool slides along the workpiece surface.A methodology, based on mechanical analysis of this test using the finite element method, was devised to determine the parameters needed to simulate pre‐defined mechanical magnitudes at the contact tool/workpiece interface during the sliding phase. The present work shows that applying this methodology to the upsetting phase of the test reduces the number of numerical simulations required and, consequently, the cost of such a determination, whilst maintaining the test's high level of representativeness.
Multisensor monitoring of gear tooth fatigue for predictive diagnostics
Authors: Gordon Grant A. , Moose Clark A. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractSuccessful machinery diagnostics depends on the collection and processing of prognostic features that relate back to failure precursors. Since gear teeth are a critical element in drive‐train systems, single gear tooth failure has been examined, and the identification of new prognostic features explored. A special jig was employed to orient and constrain gear samples while Hertzian loading was applied along a single contact line on the gear tooth face. This set‐up simulates the loading conditions experienced by a single tooth during gear train operation. Optical, ultrasonic, and mechanical sensors measured a variety of observables while the gear fatigue testing was under way. After monitoring the fatigue test with these three non‐commensurate sensors, data features were related to crack growth phenomena. Data collection, analysis, and interpretation are discussed for spur gear samples that show both the absence and presence of cracks and support the validity of the identified features as failure precursors. The results demonstrate the potential for using non‐traditional sensors and techniques for an in situ monitoring system.
Detecting gear tooth fatigue cracks in advance of complete fracture
Authors: Zakrajsek James J. , Lewicki David G. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractSome results from using vibration‐based methods to detect gear tooth fatigue cracks are presented. An experimental test rig was used to fail a number of spur‐gear specimens through bending fatigue. The gear tooth fatigue crack in each test was initiated through a small notch in the fillet area of a tooth on the gear. The primary purpose of these tests was to verify analytical predictions of fatigue crack propagation direction and rate as a function of gear rim thickness. The vibration signal from a total of three tests was monitored and recorded for gear fault detection research. The damage consisted of complete rim fracture on the two thin rim gears and single tooth fracture on the standard full rim test gear. Vibration‐based fault detection methods were applied to the vibration signal both on‐line and after the tests were completed. The objectives of this were to identify methods capable of detecting the fatigue crack, and determine how far in advance of total failure positive detection was given. Results showed that the fault detection methods failed to respond to the fatigue crack prior to complete rim fracture in the thin rim gear tests. In the standard full rim gear test all of the methods responded to the fatigue crack in advance of tooth fracture; however, only three of the methods responded to the fatigue crack in the early stages of crack propagation.
Micro‐slip test equipment for point contacts
Authors: Hagman Lars A. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractMicro‐slip can be characterised as local slip in a contact. Test equipment has been developed to study the phenomenon in point contacts. Although the equipment is designed for any point contact, the surface configuration presented here is a sphere against a flat. With the equipment, it is possible to measure accurately forces and displacements in both the normal and the tangential direction of the contact. Three‐dimensional surface topography measurements of the contact surfaces can also be made before and after each test.A series of experiments has been carried out in which normal load, surface roughness, material combination, and lubrication were varied. The general experience gathered from the tests was that the equipment is accurate enough for very small contacts and is easy to use. The test results presented in this paper show tangential and normal displacement and tangential load for contacts subjected to small macro displacements, both undirectional and oscillating. The degree of plastic deformation in a contact is also shown for some tests.