bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Periodontitis and Vascular Events (PAVE) Pilot Study: Recruitment, Retention, and Community Care Controls
Authors: Couper David J. , Beck James D. , Falkner Karen L. , Graham Susan P. , Grossi Sara G. , Gunsolley John C. , Madden Theresa , Maupome Gerardo , Offenbacher Steven , Stewart Dawn D. , Trevisan Maurizio , Van Dyke Thomas E. , Genco Robert J. 
Published: December 2007

Background: Population‐based clinical and laboratory studies have reported findings providing support for a possible relationship between periodontal disease and cardiovascular disease. The Periodontitis and Vascular Events (PAVE) pilot study was conducted to investigate the feasibility of a randomized secondary prevention trial to test whether treatment of periodontal disease reduces the risk for cardiovascular disease.Methods: Five clinical centers recruited participants who had documented coronary heart disease and met study criteria for periodontal disease. Eligible participants were randomized to receive periodontal therapy provided by the study or community dental care. Follow‐up telephone calls and clinic visits were planned to alternate at 3‐month intervals after randomization, with all participants followed until at least the 6‐month clinic visit. Participants were followed for adverse events and periodontal and cardiovascular outcomes.Results: A total of 303 participants were randomized. Recruitment that involved active participation of a cardiologist with responsibility for the patients worked best among the strategies used. Of those who had not withdrawn, 93% completed the 6‐month contact. During follow‐up, 11% of the 152 subjects in the community dental care group reported receiving periodontal therapy outside of the study.Conclusions: If appropriate recruitment strategies are used, this pilot study demonstrated that it is feasible to conduct a secondary prevention trial of periodontal therapy in patients who have had coronary heart disease. If a community dental care group is used, sample size estimation needs to take into account that a non‐trivial proportion of participants in this group may receive periodontal therapy outside of the study.
The Periodontitis and Vascular Events (PAVE) Pilot Study: Adverse Events
Authors: Beck James D. , Couper David J. , Falkner Karen L. , Graham Susan P. , Grossi Sara G. , Gunsolley John C. , Madden Theresa , Maupome Gerardo , Offenbacher Steven , Stewart Dawn D. , Trevisan Maurizio , Van Dyke Thomas E. , Genco Robert J. 
Published: December 2007

Background: During the last 15 years, a substantial number of population‐based, clinical, laboratory, and animal studies have been published that reported findings on the relationship between periodontal disease and cardiovascular disease. The Periodontitis and Vascular Events (PAVE) pilot study was conducted to investigate the feasibility of a randomized secondary prevention trial to test whether treatment of periodontal disease reduces the risk for cardiovascular disease. This article describes the occurrence of adverse events during the pilot study.Methods: The PAVE pilot study was a multicenter, randomized trial comparing periodontal therapy to community dental care. Baseline and follow‐up clinic visits included a periodontal examination; blood, subgingival plaque, and crevicular fluid specimen collection; and medical and dental histories. Telephone follow‐up contacts were scheduled to occur 3 months after randomization and every 6 months thereafter to assess adverse events or endpoints.Results: Cardiovascular adverse events occurred with similar frequency (23 versus 24 [P = 0.85] in the community control and the treatment groups, respectively). There were 15 serious adverse events (SAEs) with a non‐significantly higher percentage occurring in the community care group (6.6% versus 3.3%; P = 0.19). A time‐to‐event analysis of patterns of SAEs indicated that subjects in the periodontal therapy group tended to be less likely to experience an SAE over the entire 25 months of the study.Conclusion: For those individuals who remained in the study, it appears that provision of periodontal scaling and root planing treatment to individuals with heart disease resulted in a similar pattern of adverse events as seen in the community care group, which also received some treatment.
Combining Host Modulation and Topical Antimicrobial Therapy in the Management of Moderate to Severe Periodontitis: A Randomized Multicenter Trial
Authors: Novak M. John , Dawson Dolphus R. , Magnusson Ingvar , Karpinia Katherine , Polson Alan , Polson Anne , Ryan Maria E. , Ciancio Sebastian , Drisko Connie H. , Kinane Denis , Powala Christopher , Bradshaw Mark 
Published: December 2007

Background: Previous studies showed that host modulation therapy (HMT) or topical antimicrobial therapy (TAT) provided significant adjunctive benefits to scaling and root planing (SRP) in the treatment of chronic periodontitis (CP). The purpose of this study was to evaluate a combination therapy involving SRP, HMT, and TAT in the treatment of moderate to severe CP.Methods: A 6‐month, randomized, multicenter, placebo‐controlled, examiner‐masked study was undertaken to evaluate the clinical usefulness of a combination treatment of systemically delivered doxycycline hyclate (HMT; 20 mg, twice a day) plus locally delivered doxycycline hyclate gel (TAT; 10%, in pockets ≥5 mm) in combination with SRP versus SRP plus placebo. Clinical outcomes included mean changes in probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), bleeding on probing (BOP), and gingival index (GI) at baseline and at 3 and 6 months.Results: In 171 subjects, combination therapy provided significantly greater clinical benefits than control therapy for all clinical measures at 3 and 6 months. In moderate CP (PD of 4 to 6 mm), combination therapy provided significant benefits over control for PD (3 and 6 months: P <0.01), CAL (3 months: P <0.01; 6 months: P <0.03), BOP (3 months: P <0.02; 6 months: P <0.05), and GI (3 months: P <0.01; 6 months: P <0.03). In severe CP (PD ≥7 mm), combination therapy provided significant benefits over control for PD (3 and 6 months: P <0.01), CAL (3 months: P <0.01; 6 months: P <0.02), BOP (3 months: P <0.01; 6 months: P >0.05), and GI (3 months: P <0.01; 6 months: P <0.01).Conclusion: Combination therapy, including SRP, HMT, and TAT, provided significantly greater clinical benefits than SRP alone in the treatment of moderate to severe CP.
Detection of Helicobacter pylori by Polymerase Chain Reaction in the Subgingival Biofilm and Saliva of Non‐Dyspeptic Periodontal Patients
Authors: Souto Renata , Colombo Ana Paula Vieira 
Published: December 2007

Background: Helicobacter pylori has been associated with the development of peptic ulcers and gastric cancer. Although the oral cavity may be a source of transmission, it is unknown whether it acts as a permanent reservoir for this bacterium, particularly in the presence of periodontal disease. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of H. pylori by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in the subgingival biofilm and saliva of subjects with periodontitis.Methods: Samples were obtained from 56 periodontally healthy subjects and 169 subjects with chronic periodontitis. DNA was extracted from the samples, and the detection of H. pylori was carried out by PCR using the JW22/23 primers.Results: In general, H. pylori was detected in 24% of all samples evaluated. A significantly higher prevalence of H. pylori was observed in subgingival biofilm samples (33.3%) compared to saliva samples (20%) (P <0.05). H. pylori was detected significantly more often in the saliva and subgingival samples from subjects with periodontitis (23.5% and 50%, respectively) compared to samples from periodontally healthy subjects (7.3% and 11.4%, respectively; P <0.05).Conclusion: H. pylori was detected frequently in the oral microbiota of subjects with periodontitis, suggesting that periodontal pocketing and inflammation may favor the colonization by this species.
Exophytic Mass of the Gingiva as the First Manifestation of Metastatic Pulmonary Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Pozzi Elena C. Ferrazzini , Altermatt Hans Jörg , Rees Terry D. , Bornstein Michael M. 
Published: December 2007

Background: Metastasis of a malignant tumor to the oral cavity is rare, but it can be the first manifestation of a primary tumor.Methods: The clinicopathologic features of a gingival metastasis originating from lung adenocarcinoma in a female patient are described. A 57‐year‐old woman showed a rapidly growing, painless, exophytic mass in the left mandibular gingiva. The whole lesion was excised, and histologic and immunohistochemical analyses were performed.Results: The histopathologic sections showed a proliferation of poorly differentiated spindle and pleomorphic cells. Because the differentiation between carcinoma and sarcoma of spindle cell tumors was difficult, additional immunohistochemical evaluation was performed. The intraoral healing after tumor removal was uneventful. The discrepancy between the histopathologic results and the clinical findings led to a thorough examination by the patient's physician. Finally, a biopsy of the lungs confirmed a poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma with multiple metastases, including the oral cavity.Conclusions: An exophytic lesion on the gingiva can be the first sign of metastatic adenocarcinoma to the oral mucosa. This case emphasizes that even apparently benign‐looking gingival lesions in anamnestically healthy patients need to be examined histopathologically.
Clinical Outcome of Narrow Diameter Implants: A Retrospective Study of 510 Implants
Authors: Degidi Marco , Piattelli Adriano , Carinci Francesco 
Published: December 2007

Background: Narrow diameter implants ([NDIs]; diameter <3.75 mm) are a potential solution for specific clinical situations such as reduced interradicular bone, thin alveolar crest, and replacement of teeth with small cervical diameter. NDIs have been available in clinical practice since the 1990s, but only a few studies have analyzed their clinical outcome.Methods: From November 1996 to February 2004, 237 patients were selected, and 510 NDIs were inserted. Implant diameter ranged from 3.0 to 3.5 mm, multiple implant systems were used, and 255 implants were restored immediately without loading (IRWL). No statistical differences were detected among the studied variables. Consequently, marginal bone loss (MBL) was considered an indicator of the success rate (SCR) to evaluate the effect of several host‐, surgery‐, and implant‐related factors. A general linear model (GLM) was used to detect those variables statistically associated with MBL.Results: Only three of 510 implants were lost (survival rate [SRR] = 99.4%), and no differences were detected among the studied variables. On the contrary, the GLM showed that delayed loading and longer (>13 mm) and larger (3.4 and 3.5 mm) NDIs reduced MBL.Conclusions: NDIs have a high SRR and SCR, similar to those reported in previous studies of regular diameter implants. Moreover, IRWL of NDIs is a reliable procedure, although a slightly higher bone resorption is reported compared to delayed loading. No implant fractures were detected in the present series.
Effects of Cyclosporin, Phenytoin, and Nifedipine on the Synthesis and Degradation of Gingival Collagen in Tufted Capuchin Monkeys (Cebus apella): Histochemical and MMP‐1 and −2 and Collagen I Gene Expression Analyses
Authors: Kanno Cláudia M. , Oliveira José A. , Garcia José F. , Castro Alvimar L. , Crivelini Marcelo M. 
Published: December 2007

Background: The purpose of this experimental study was to evaluate the collagen fiber distribution histologically after phenytoin, cyclosporin, or nifedipine therapy and to correlate it with collagen I and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐1 and −2 gene expression levels.Methods: Gingival samples from the canine area were obtained from 12 male monkeys (Cebus apella). The mesial part of each sample was assessed by reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction, whereas the distal part was processed histologically for picrosirius red and hematoxylin and eosin stainings, as well as for collagen IV immunostaining. One week after the first biopsy, the animals were assigned to three groups that received daily oral dosages of cyclosporin, phenytoin, or nifedipine for 120 days. Additional gingival samples were obtained on days 52 and 120 of treatment from two animals from each group on the opposite sides from the first biopsies.Results: Picrosirius red staining showed a predominance of mature collagen fibers in the control group. Conversely, there was an enlargement of areas occupied by immature collagen fibers in all groups at days 52 and 120, which was not uniform over each section. There was a general trend to lower levels of MMP‐1 gene expression on day 52 and increased levels on day 120. Phenytoin led to increased levels of MMP‐2 and collagen I gene expression on day 120, whereas the opposite was observed in the nifedipine group.Conclusion: Cyclosporin, phenytoin, and nifedipine led to phased and drug‐related gene expression patterns, resulting in impaired collagen metabolism, despite the lack of prominent clinical signs.
The Effect of a Selective Cyclooxygenase‐2 Inhibitor (Celecoxib) on Chronic Periodontitis
Authors: Yen C. Alec , Damoulis Petros D. , Stark Paul C. , Hibberd Patricia L. , Singh Medha , Papas Athena S. 
Published: December 2007

Background: Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory agents inhibit the production of cyclooxygenase (COX) products and can attenuate bone loss. In this double‐masked, placebo‐controlled, randomized clinical trial, the efficacy of celecoxib (COX‐2 inhibitor) was evaluated in conjunction with scaling and root planing (SRP) in subjects with chronic periodontitis (CP).Methods: A total of 131 subjects were randomized to receive SRP and either celecoxib (200 mg) or placebo every day for 6 months. Clinical outcomes were assessed every 3 months for 12 months as mean changes from baseline. Primary efficacy parameters included clinical attachment level (CAL) and probing depth (PD). Secondary outcomes included percentages of tooth sites with CAL loss or gain ≥2 mm, changes in bleeding on probing (BOP), plaque index, and mobility. Prior to analysis, tooth sites were grouped based on baseline PD as shallow (1 to 3 mm), moderate (4 to 6 mm), or deep (≥7 mm).Results: Mean PD reduction and CAL gain were greater in the celecoxib group, primarily in moderate and deep sites, throughout the study (PD: 3.84 mm versus 2.06 mm, P <0.001; CAL: 3.74 mm versus 1.43 mm, P <0.0001 for deep sites at 12 months). The celecoxib group also exhibited a greater percentage of sites with ≥2 mm CAL gain and fewer sites with ≥2 mm CAL loss. Both groups showed improved plaque control and BOP scores. Demographic, social, and behavioral factors did not affect treatment outcomes.Conclusions: Celecoxib can be an effective adjunctive treatment to SRP to reduce progressive attachment loss in subjects with CP. Its beneficiary effect persisted even at 6 months postadministration. However, given the increased cardiovascular risks associated with the use of this drug, close patient supervision and strict adherence to dosage and administration guidelines established by the Unites States Food and Drug Administration are of paramount importance.
The Association Between Gingival Crevicular Fluid TGF‐β1 Levels and Periodontal Status in HIV‐1+ Patients
Authors: Alpagot T. , Konopka K. , Bhattacharyya M. , Gebremedhin S. , Düzgüneş N. 
Published: December 2007

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between transforming growth factor‐beta 1 (TGF‐β1) in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and the periodontal status of subjects who were positive for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐1.Methods: Medical and demographic variables, including age, cigarette smoking, CD4 cell count, and viral load values, were recorded. At the baseline and 6‐month visits, gingival index (GI), plaque index, bleeding on probing, probing depth (PD), and attachment loss (AL) were recorded, and GCF samples were taken with paper strips from three periodontitis sites (GI >0; PD ≥5 mm; AL ≥3 mm), three gingivitis sites (GI >0; PD ≤3 mm; AL = 0), and two healthy sites (GI = 0; PD ≤3 mm; AL ≤2 mm) in 25 subjects who were HIV‐1+. GCF TGF‐β1 levels were determined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays. A statistical software package was used to analyze the data.Results: The mean amounts of GCF TGF‐β1 were greater in gingivitis and periodontitis sites than in healthy sites (P <0.0001). GCF levels of TGF‐β1 correlated with PD, AL, age, smoking pack‐years, CD4 cell count, and viral load at the baseline and 6‐month visits (0.0001 < P <0.05). An active site was defined as a site that had ≥2 mm new AL during the 6‐month study period. An active patient was defined as a patient who had one or more active site(s) during the study period. Repeated‐measures analysis of 18 active sites versus 182 inactive sites indicated that GCF TGF‐β1 levels were higher in active sites than in inactive sites (P <0.0001). Eleven of the 25 study subjects had active sites at the end of the 6‐month study period. The mean GCF TGF‐β1 level and the mean AL and PD for these 11 active subjects were higher than for the 14 inactive subjects (P <0.0001).Conclusion: In subjects who are HIV‐1+, sites with high GCF levels of TGF‐β1 are at significantly greater risk for the progression of established periodontitis.
The Impact of Prosthetic Design on the Stability, Marginal Bone Loss, Peri‐Implant Sulcus Fluid Volume, and Nitric Oxide Metabolism of Conventionally Loaded Endosseous Dental Implants: A 12‐Month Clinical Study
Authors: Tözüm Tolga F. , Güncü Güliz N. , Yamalik Nermin , Turkyilmaz Ilser , Güncü M. Baris 
Published: December 2007

Background: Further clarification of the early and late response of peri‐implant tissues to surgical insertion and loading of dental implants and the potential associations among the various implant‐related measures are likely to improve the evaluation/monitoring of implant sites. Thus, analyses were made of the volume and nitric oxide (NO) profile of peri‐implant sulcus fluid (PISF), implant stability, and marginal bone level in relation to different prosthetic designs.Methods: Seven totally edentulous subjects and 11 partially edentulous subjects were included. Resonance frequency analysis (RFA), marginal bone level measurements, PISF volume, and spectrophotometrically determined nitrite levels were analyzed comparatively at conventionally loaded (CL) implant sites and at implants with removable prostheses (RP; N = 14) and fixed prostheses (FP; N = 11) for a period of 12 months.Results: At implant sites with RP, PISF volume decreased gradually and its lowest level occurred at the end of the experimental period. The PISF nitrite content increased until 6 months and was followed by a significant decrease at 12 months. Compared to baseline, RFA values exhibited a significant decrease at 1 and 3 months. Marginal bone level was significantly lower at all follow‐up visits compared to baseline. More volumetric fluctuations of PISF was noted at implant sites with FP. The PISF nitrite content had decreased, compared to baseline, at 6, 9, and 12 months. A general stability was observed for RFA. The marginal bone loss observed at 6 months was followed by a gain at 12 months. An inverse relationship was noted between RFA values and marginal bone levels.Conclusion: The prosthetic design particularly seems to affect the NO metabolism around CL implants, whereas it does not seem to have any impact on the stability of dental implants.
Inflammatory Responses of Gingival Epithelial Cells Stimulated With Porphyromonas gingivalis Vesicles Are Inhibited by Hop‐Associated Polyphenols
Authors: Kou Yurong , Inaba Hiroaki , Kato Takahiro , Tagashira Motoyuki , Honma Daiki , Kanda Tomomasa , Ohtake Yasuyuki , Amano Atsuo 
Published: December 2007

Background: Periodontitis is induced by an imbalance between bacterial virulence and host defense ability. Porphyromonas gingivalis, a predominant periodontal pathogen, triggers a series of host inflammatory responses that aggravate the destruction of periodontium. Thus, anti‐inflammatory reagents are considered desirable for effective periodontal therapy. In the present study, we examined the inhibitory effects of hop bract polyphenol (HBP) on cellular inflammatory responses induced by P. gingivalis membrane vesicles.Methods: Immortalized human gingival epithelial cells were stimulated with P. gingivalis membrane vesicles, and the effects of HBP on mRNA expression of cyclooxygenase (COX)‐2, interleukin (IL)‐6 and −8, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐1 and −3 were examined using real‐time reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction.Results: HBP inhibited the mRNA expression of COX‐2, IL‐6 and −8, and MMP‐1 and −3 in a dose‐dependent manner, whereas epigallocatechin gallate (a control polyphenol) inhibited COX‐2 mRNA expression only. Following further fractionation of HBP to identify the effective components, 2‐[(2‐methylpropanoyl)‐phloroglucinol]1‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside (MPPG) was identified as a significant anti‐inflammatory element that completely inhibited the inflammatory mRNA induction. Kaempferol 3‐O‐β‐glucopyranoside (astragalin) also was found to have anti‐inflammatory effects.Conclusions: HBP is suggested to be a potent inhibitor of cellular inflammatory responses induced by P. gingivalis vesicles. Further, MPPG and astragalin, identified here as effective components of HBP, also may be useful for the prevention and/or attenuation of periodontitis.
Application of submerged membranes for the treatment of spent filter backwash water
Authors: Saravia F. , Zwiener C. , Frimmel F.H. 
Published: December 2007

The application of membrane filtration in the treatment of spent filter backwash water (SFBW) permits efficient removal of microorganisms, suspended particles and organic substances, depending on the used membrane molecular weight cut-off. However, flux decline, due to deposits and adsorption of substances (salts, colloids, organics, particles, microorganisms, etc.) tends to limit the use of membranes.
Characterization of SFBW samples from different waterworks showed that three major factors contribute to the SFBW properties: the raw water itself, the time interval of sand filter operation and additional treatment steps. The main differences between SFBW samples were found principally in DOC, TOC and turbidity. Experiments with submerged membranes (lab- and pilot- scale modules) showed that there was a clear correlation between DOC concentration of the feed and the flux decline: when the DOC-concentration increased, the flux decline increased. Additionally, the presence of calcium led not only to an important flux decline but to high adsorption of NOM on the membrane surface. Iron concentrations in the micromolar range resulted in a considerably decline of flux. Filtration of SFBW revealed that the decline of permeability is mainly determined by DOC, calcium and iron concentrations. A decisive effect of biofouling on membrane performance is expected for long term experiments.