bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The straight‐chain segment length distribution in xerogels of UHMWPE, which provide high drawability of gel‐derived fibers
Authors: Pakhomov P. , Galitsyn V. , Khizhnyak Svetlana , Tshmel A. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractA series of ultra‐high‐molecular‐weight reactor powders with different technological prehistory were utilized for obtaining fibers through the gel technology. The fibers prepared from some powders exhibited high draw ratios and good mechanical properties (Young's modulus and tensile stress) but other powders yielded fibers of very low drawability. The low‐frequency Raman study revealed that the straight‐chain‐segment (SCS) length distributions in dried gels prepared from powders of “drawable” group are bimodal, while the gels issued from powders unsuitable for fiber drawing have unimodal length distributions of SCS. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2007
The diverse functions of Krüppel‐like factors 4 and 5 in epithelial biology and pathobiology
Authors: McConnell Beth B. , Ghaleb Amr M. , Nandan Mandayam O. , Yang Vincent W. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe Krüppel‐like factors (KLFs) comprise a family of evolutionarily conserved zinc finger transcription factors that regulate numerous biological processes including proliferation, differentiation, development and apoptosis. KLF4 and KLF5 are two closely related members of this family and are both highly expressed in epithelial tissues. In the intestinal epithelium, KLF4 is expressed in terminally differentiated epithelial cells at the villus borders of the mucosa and inhibits cell growth, while KLF5 is expressed in proliferating epithelial cells at the base of the intestinal crypts and promotes cell growth. KLF4 and KLF5 respond to a myriad of external stress stimuli and are likely involved in restoring cellular homeostasis following exposure to stressors. Confirming their importance in maintaining tissue integrity, KLF4 and KLF5 are both dysregulated in various types of cancer. Here we review the recent advances in defining the physiological and pathobiological roles of KLF4 and KLF5, focusing on their functions in the intestinal epithelium. BioEssays 29:549–557, 2007. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
On the Electronic States of S4+ and S4‐ Isomers.
Authors: Sormova Hanka , Linguerri Roberto , Rosmus Pavel , Fabian Juergen , Komiha Najia 
Published: May 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of a Family of Solids Through the Building‐Block Approach: A Case Study with Ag+ Substitution in the Ternary Na—Ge—Se System.
Authors: Choudhury Amitava , Strobel Sabine , Martin Benjamin R. , Karst Angela L. , Dorhout Peter K. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Pd/P(t‐Bu)3: A Mild Catalyst for Selective Reduction of Alkenes under Transfer‐Hydrogenation Conditions.
Authors: Brunel Jean Michel 
Published: May 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Diastereomeric Fluoroolefins as Peptide Bond Mimics Prepared by Asymmetric Reductive Amination of α‐Fluoroenones.
Authors: Dutheuil Guillaume , Couve‐Bonnaire Samuel , Pannecoucke Xavier 
Published: May 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Novel Boronic Acid Mannich Reactions of α,α‐Dichloro‐ and α,α,ω‐Trichloroaldehydes with Arylboronic Acids.
Authors: Stas Sara , Tehrani Kourosch Abbaspour 
Published: May 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Naturally Occurring α‐Amino Acid Catalyzed Coupling of Carbon Dioxide with Epoxides to Afford Cyclic Carbonates.
Authors: Qi Chaorong , Jiang Huanfeng , Wang Zhaoyang , Zou Bo , Yang Shaorong 
Published: May 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of Novel 3,5,7‐Triaryl‐5,6‐dihydro‐4H‐1,2,5‐triazepines.
Authors: Ravindran Gurusamy , Muthusubramanian Shanmugam , Selvaraj Sanguvan , Perumal Subbu 
Published: May 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
The Oxorhenium(VII)‐Catalyzed Direct Condensation of Phosphoric Acid with an Alcohol.
Authors: Sakakura Akira , Katsukawa Mikimoto , Ishihara Kazuaki 
Published: May 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Lewis Acid Catalyzed Ring‐Opening Reactions of Methylenecyclopropanes with Diphenylphosphine Oxide in the Presence of Sulfur or Selenium.
Authors: Shi Min , Jiang Min , Liu Le‐Ping 
Published: May 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of Fluorinated Glutamic Acid Derivatives via Vinylalumination.
Authors: Ramachandran P. Veeraraghavan , Madhi Sateesh , O'Donnell Martin J. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of Some Glycosylated Derivatives of 2‐Deoxy‐2‐fluoro‐β‐laminaribiosyl Fluoride: Another Success for Glycosynthases.
Authors: Scaffidi Adrian , Stick Robert V. , Stubbs Keith A. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Novel Synthesis of Carbamate‐Linked Oligosaccharides by a Modified Curtius Rearrangement.
Authors: Sawada Daisuke , Sasayama Shinya , Takahashi Hideyo , Ikegami Shiro 
Published: May 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Total Synthesis of (‐)‐Pramanicin.
Authors: Aoki Shin‐ya , Tsukude Taro , Miyazaki Yukari , Takao Ken‐ichi , Tadano Kin‐ichi 
Published: May 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Pathophysiological Actions of Protease‐Activated Receptors (PARs)
Authors: Pandya N. M. , Jain S. M. , Santani D. D. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
The influence of an audience upon the reactions to filmed violence
Authors: Leyens Jacques‐Philippe , Herman Ginette , Dunand Muriel 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIn order to examine audience effects when viewing firmed violence, 5 to 6 year old pre‐school boys who had been rated as submissive by their teachers watched an aggressive or a neutral movie either alone, accompanied by another submissive classmate, or a dominant one. Subsequent aggression against a frustrating, unknown and unseen boy was delivered via a modified Buss machine, especially adapted for children. Subjects accompanied by a dominant peer were more aggressive than the others but did not react differentially to the movies. Subjects tested alone were more aggressive after the violent film than after the neutral one and the opposite pattern occurred for the boys accompanied by a submissive classmate. These findings stress the importance of the social context when viewing filmed violence. It is suggested that the quality of the audience can have different directional (e.g. fear and aggression) as well as energizing properties. Links with the literature on social facilitation and audience effects are underlined.
Forum and focus: A personal view of European Social Psychology
Authors: Jaspars Jos 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe article presents a personal history of European social psychology as advanced by the European Association of Experimental Social Psychology during the last twenty years. It is argued that this association did indeed create a new forum for European social psychologists through organizing summerschools, general meetings, workshops, east—west conferences and through the foundation of a scientific journal and a series of monographs. The Association may also have promoted a different perspective in social psychological research by emphasizing more the collective nature of social behaviour rather than interpersonal processes and by favouring substance over method.
Attitude change as a function of threat to attitudinal freedom and extent of agreement with a communicator
Authors: Wright Rex A. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractSubjects who previously expressed either partial or full agreement with an attitudinal position were exposed to a low‐ or high‐threat essay advocating the position. Anonymous post‐communication measures of opinion indicated a reactance effect (negative attitude change) only for subjects who (1) read the hrgh‐threat essay, and (2) previously expressed complete agreement with the communicator. Theoretical implications are discussed.
Twenty five on: Yet another version of cognitive dissonance theory?
Authors: Joule Robert Vincent 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe aim of this article is to highlight, 25 years on, the innovations of Festinger's theory of dissonance as regards its conception of cognitive functioning. Analysis of the dissonance ratio, on the basis of which Festinger evaluated the total amount of dissonance D/(D + C) gives rise to three propositions: (1) The total amount of dissonance is evaluated on the basis of a particular cognition G. (2) This cognition is neither the denominator, nor the numerator of the dissonance ratio; it is the cognitive expression of an effective conduct. (3) No presupposition is made concerning possible consonance or dissonance‐relations between cognitions C and D.Thus reduction in dissonance is not presented as a process that always orients cognitive activity toward greater consistency, but as a rationalization of conduct which may adapt to an increase in certain inconsistencies, and even generate them.This new insight into Festinger's theory may be thought of as a new version that is quite distinct, both from earlier revisions of the theory, and from the various theories of cognitive consistency. It is hoped, moreover, that it will provoke reflection concerning the current orientatlons of cognitivism in social psychology.
Soccer, rooms, and the quality of your life: Mood effects on judgments of satisfaction with life in general and with specific domains
Authors: Schwarz Norbert , Strack Fritz , Kommer Detlev , Wagner Dirk 
Published: May 2007

AbstractTwo studies on the impact of temporary moods on judgments of satisfaction with life in general and with specific life‐domains are reported. It was hypothesized that individuals simplify the complex task of evaluating their life in general by referring to their mood at the time of judgment, but evaluate specific life‐domains on the basis of domain‐specific information. In accordance with this hypothesis, both studies demonstrated strong mood effects on judgments of general life‐satisfaction but only weak and non‐significant effects on judgments of specific domain‐satisfactions. The findings are interpreted as supporting the hypothesis that affective states serve informative functions.
Donor and recipient: Social development, social interaction, and evolutionary processes
Authors: Bierhoff Hans Werner 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis review examines recent books on altruism and prosocial behaviour. Psychological approaches, biological approaches, and economic approaches are covered. The list of variables known to influence prosocial behaviour includes situational determinants, motivational orientations, and personality variables. Psychological theories emphasizing norms, cost‐benefit calculations, and developmental factors have been used successfully to explain prosocial behaviour. Attention is given to models of helping and social and therapeutic treatment programmes. Genetic variables in prosocial behaviour are also reviewed.
The black sheep effect: Judgmental extremity towards ingroup members in inter‐and intra‐group situations
Authors: Marques José M. , Yzerbyt Vincent Y. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractTwo experiments yielded further evidence for the black sheep effect (Marques, Yzerbyt and by ens, 1988). In the first experiment, 66 subjects were presented with two good or two poor speeches, one supposedly made by an ingroup member and the other supposedly made by an outgroup member. In the second experiment, 37 subjects were presented with one good and one poor speech supposedly made either by two ingroup members or by two outgroup members. The black sheep effect was predicted and found in both experiments: subjects over‐evaluated likeable ingroup members and under‐evaluated unlikeable ingroup members as compared to equally likeable and unlikeable outgroup members. Collapsing the data of the two experiments suggests that social comparison may be performed, in purely symbolic terms, against a cognitive standard of positivity rather than an outgroup present in the judgmental situation. The emergence of the predicted effect when strongly individualized information was presented in inter‐ as well as in intra‐group situations supports the robustness of the black sheep effect.
The norm of internality in the explanation of psychological events
Authors: Beauvois J Ean‐Léon , Dubois Nicole 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe norm of internality is defined as a social valorization of explanations of behaviours (attribution) and outcomes (locus of control) which emphazise the causal ro̊le of the actor. It is shown in this paper: (1) that internal explanations are linked to self‐presentation strategies; (2) that internal explanations are more often selected by middle‐class subjects; (3) that these explanations are learned by children and by adults in psycho‐socio‐educational settings. Finally, the norm of internality is assumed to be linked to social practices (evaluation practices).
A Nonparametric Test for Reward Distribution Strategies in the Minimal Group Paradigm
Authors: Edgington Eugene S. , Harrod Wendy Jean , Haller Otto , Hong Okhee Park , Sapp Stephen G. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIn attempts to simplify and improve the measurement of social orientations in the minimal group paradigm, a number of alternative reward distribution procedures have been developed. (See Bornstein et al. for a review of Taifel's original procedure and other procedures.) This note concerns a nonparametric test for data collected by use of those procedures.
About the saliency of fear and greed in social dilemmas
Authors: Bruins J. Jan , Liebrand Wim B. G. , Wilke Henk A. M. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractSimmons, Dawes and Orbell (1984) suggested that greed provides a more important motive for non‐cooperation in a social dilemma than fear. However, there are at least three reasons to reinvestigate the relative impact of fear and greed on cooperation in social dilemmas. First, the Simmons et al. results were not replicated in a recent study (Van Avermaet and Van Nieuwkerke, in press). Second in the two forementioned studies a step‐level public good game was employed, a game which does not meet the formal requirements of social dilemmas as they were defined by Dawes (1980). Third, in contrast to previous research, we employed a complete experimental design to investigate the effect of the saliency of the two motives.In the present study, 128 subjects were randomly assigned to one of four conditions in a 2 (saliency of fear: high, low) × 2 (saliency of greed: high, low) factorial design. First of all it appeared that our fear and greed manipulation was successful. In addition the results indicated a significant interaction effect: cooperation was highest when both motives had a low saliency.
The argumentative nature of holding strong views: A case study
Authors: Billig Michael 
Published: May 2007

AbstractRecently a number of critics of traditional approaches to the study of attitudes have stressed the need to study the ways in which people express views in natural discourse. The present study examines the rhetorical aspects of holding strong views by providing a detailed case study. It focuses on the discourse of a family discussing the British Royal Family, where one member of the family is recognized to hold strong views. A number of rhetorical complexities of the discourse are highlighted and particular attention is placed on the argumentative dimensions of holding strong views. It is suggested that strong views are held in relation to opposing views and in arguing about the issue of monarchy participants are also reflexively arguing about arguments. Examples are given to show that the holder of strong views, as opposed to the holder of weak views, does not necessarily have a greater opposition to the assumption of multisubjectivity, for the discourse of views is paradoxically marked by both assumptions of multisubjectivity and intersubjectivity. It is also shown that the holder of strong views may produce a variable discourse. The rhetorical nature of such variability is discussed and implications are drawn for the study of beliefs and for analysing the relations between thinking and arguing.
The dramaturgic perspective: Implications for the study of person perception
Authors: Babcock Mary K. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe major theoretical contributions to the study of attribution, those of Heider (1958), Kelley (1967) and Jones and Davis (1965) have worked from the assumption that person perception is analogous to object perception and scientific investigation. Goffman's dramaturgic analysis of the social self provides an alternative framework for addressing the problem of how we perceive and understand the behaviour of others. In this paper, I explore the implications of the dramaturgic perspective for the study of person perception and discuss the ways in which it diverges from the traditional approach to attribution. In addition, I present an alternative account of the Fundamental Attributional Error that arises in light of Goffman's dramaturgic analysis.
What's in a picture? The impact of face‐ism on trait attribution
Authors: Schwarz Norbert , Kurz Eva 
Published: May 2007

AbstractPrevious research indicated a ‘face‐ism’ bias in media depictions of men and women: me media tend to represent men with their faces, whereas women's depictions include larger parts of their bodies, rendering their faces less prominent. To explore the impact of facial prominence on impression formation, male and female subjects received either full‐body or portrait‐style photographs, made from the same negatives, of male and female stimulus persons of different likeability. Male and female subjects evaluated all stimulus persons as more competent (intelligent, assertive, ambitious, etc.) if presented with a high (portrait) rather than a low (full‐body photograph) degree of facial prominence. This main effect of facial prominence was not qualified by interaction effects with any of the other variables. PIUS, the media's face‐ism bias is likely to contribute to a perception of men as more competent than women. In addition, female but not male subjects also evaluated stimulus persons as more expressive and likeable under conditions of high facial prominence, reflecting a global positive effect of facial prominence.
Social representations and memory: The case of AIDS
Authors: Echabe Agustin Echebarria , Rovira Dario Paez 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIn this study evidence is given on the mechanisms subjects use to guarantee the stability of their social representations. An initial interview was held in which subjects were asked about the causes of AIDS, affected groups and modes of transmission. Their responses were found to divide into two social representations of AIDS: a conservative‐blaming representation and a liberal representation. Subjects were then given technical information about AIDS. Two weeks later, the same subjects were given a free recall test and a recognition test. The results of these tests confirmed subject's tendency to select information which is congruent with their pre‐existing representations, and to distort the recall of contradictory information in order to make it compatible with pre‐existing representations.
School attainment, self‐esteem, and identity: France and England
Authors: Robinson W. Peter , Tayler Carol A. , Piolat Michel 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe Tajfel‐Turner Theory of Social Identity was used as a framework from which it was predicted that pupils of low attainment in secondary school should come to define themselves as indifferent to or opposed to the values of their schools. This hypothesis was examined in France and England, on self‐report measures covering values, aspirations, perceptions, evaluations, beliefs and motivations.While results show numerous differences between low and high attainers common to both countries, the differences are more pronounced in England. National differences are such that the French pupils are more like high attainers.Results are interpreted as being more consistent with low attaining pupils being victims of boredom rather than failure, with the French school culture providing greater insulation against such reactions.
Towards a theory of collective phenomena: Consensus and attitude changes in groups
Authors: Galam Serge , Moscovici Serge 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis study presents the outline of a model for collective phenomena. A symmetry‐breaking model combines a number of well‐established social psychology hypotheses with recent concepts of statistical physics. Specifically we start out from the regularities obtained in studies on the polarization of attitudes and decisions. From a strictly logical point of view, it is immediately clear that aggregation effects must be analysed separately from group effects as such. The conceptual analysis of the assumed mechanisms reveals that when we deal with phenomena that have until now been designated as polarization phenomena, we are faced not with a single phenomenon, as was believed hitherto, but with a whole class of phenomena. For this reason it would be appropriate to deal with them differentially both from an empirical and from a theoretical point of view. It is possible to show, moreover, that in principle polarization is a direct function of interaction and, beyond a critical threshold an inverse function of the differentiation between group members. A certain number of verifiable conjectures are presented on the basis of physio‐mathematical‐psychological considerations. It is to be hoped that these theoretical outlines will make it possible to give a new lease on life to a field of research that has established solid facts, but that became trapped in a dead‐end road, for lack of a sufficiently broad analysis.