bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Effects of 2 Harvesting Methods on Fat Autograft
Authors: Park Hyoungshin , Williams Rachel , Goldman Nathan , Choe Hannah , Kobler James , Lopez‐Guerra Gerardo , Heaton James T. , Langer Robert , Zeitels Steven M. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis: Fat preparation for vocal‐fold injection medialization is typically done by scraping of excised fat or by lipo‐aspiration; however, lipo‐aspiration is substantially more efficient. Considering this, we compared viability of fat tissues obtained by these two techniques. We also examined whether basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) would increase cell proliferation in samples harvested by these methods.Study Design: Harvesting techniques (scraping and lipo‐aspiration) were compared using both human and ferret fat. In vitro assays were used to assess tissue viability and cell proliferation.Methods: Human (n = 5) and ferret (n = 15) abdominal fat specimens were harvested by scraping and lipo‐aspiration, for a total of 40 specimens. Alamar Blue and glycerol‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase assays were used to quantitatively assess metabolic activity and cellular damage immediately after harvest. PicoGreen assays assessed cell proliferation by quantifying total DNA in harvested specimens after 0, 14, or 21 days in culture. The effects of bFGF (10 ng/mL) on proliferation were measured for the same timepoints.Results: The glycerol‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase assay indicated that lipo‐aspiration caused more initial tissue damage (12 ± 5 mU/mL) than scraping (5 ± 3 mU/mL), but cell metabolic activity was similar in both groups based on the Alamar Blue assay. Cell proliferation at 14 and 21 days was significantly higher for lipo‐aspirated fat than for scraped fat (92.5 ± 8.8 vs. 55.1 ± 1.3 ng DNA at 14 days and 111.1 ± 10.5 vs. 44.6 ± 4.1 ng DNA at 21 days). bFGF increased fibroblast‐like cell proliferation significantly for both harvesting methods at day 21.Conclusions: Lipo‐aspiration caused more initial damage than scraping, but may yield better long‐term viability based on increased proliferation. bFGF may enhance cellularity of the stromal component grafted adipose tissue.
Gentamicin Increases Nitric Oxide Production and Induces Hearing Loss in Guinea Pigs
Authors: Heinrich Ulf‐Rüdiger , Helling Kai , Sifferath Marco , Brieger Jürgen , Li Huige , Schmidtmann Irene , Mann Wolf J. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis: Gentamicin application is an important therapeutic option for Ménière's disease. However, even if given at intervals, a destruction of the cochlea was often observed in various animal models together with an increased content of nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species. The present study was undertaken to identify the correlation between hearing threshold alteration and the NO production in the lateral wall and organ of Corti of the guinea pig in response to gentamicin application.Study Design: Prospective animal study in guinea pigs.Methods: A single dose of gentamicin (10 mg/kg body weight) was injected intratympanally into male guinea pigs and the auditory brainstem responses were recorded before treatment and 1, 2, and 7 days after application. The organ of Corti and the lateral wall were removed from the bulla, incubated separately for 6 hours in cell culture medium and the amount of NO production was determined by chemiluminescence.Results: Gentamicin application resulted in a hearing threshold shift beginning on the second day after gentamicin application. This hearing impairment correlates simultaneously with an increased NO2− content—the stable oxidation product of NO—in the lateral wall. In the organ of Corti, a slight increase in NO2− production was seen as early as on day 1 after gentamicin injection.Conclusions: The correlation between hearing threshold shift and NO production in the cochlea leads to the assumption that increased NO contributes to gentamicin‐induced hearing impairment.
Does Nasal Obstruction Mean That the Nose Is Obstructed?
Authors: Kjærgaard Thomas , Cvancarova Milada , Steinsvåg Sverre K. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis: It is still a matter of controversy to what extent the sense of nasal obstruction is associated with objective measures for nasal space and airflow. Knowledge about this is important in the evaluation of nasal complaints and the planning of its treatment. In this study, we evaluated the relationship between subjective nasal obstruction and the corresponding anatomic and physiological nasal parameters using acoustic rhinometry (AR) and peak nasal inspiratory flow (PNIF).Study Design: Two thousand five hundred twenty‐three consecutive patients were included in this cross‐sectional study. Eligible subjects were adults referred to the Ear, Nose, and Throat Department, Sørlandet Hospital, Kristiansand, Norway, for evaluation of chronic nasal or sleep related complaints.Methods: Subjects underwent AR and nasal flow measurements. Subjective grading of nasal obstruction was obtained by a nasal obstruction visual analogue scale. Associations between nasal obstruction visual analogue scale scores, AR, and PNIF were assessed using multiple linear regression, adjusting for age, gender, body mass index, and asthma, allergy, and smoking history.Results: The sense of nasal obstruction was associated with nasal cavity volumes in both anterior and middle segments of the nasal cavities, with minimal cross‐sectional areas in middle segments and for the nasal cavity as a whole, and with PNIF. Associations with minimal cross‐sectional areas in anterior segments did not reach significance.Conclusions: The present study demonstrates highly significant associations between the subjective sensation of nasal obstruction and corresponding measures for nasal cavity volume, area, and airflow. We conclude that AR and PNIF are valuable objective instruments for evaluation of subjective nasal obstruction.
The Natural History of Patients With Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Hypopharynx
Authors: Hall Stephen F. , Groome Patti A. , Irish Jonathan , O'Sullivan Brian 
Published: February 2009

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis: To provide the baseline information on the natural history of patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the hypopharynx to help clinicians, researchers, and patients assess the relative effectiveness of treatment options when the best treatment is not known and newer treatments are being proposed.Study Design: Retrospective population‐based design.Methods: The patient descriptors, treatments, and outcomes for 595 patients across the province of Ontario, Canada from January 1990 to December 31, 1999 based on electronic data and chart review.Results: The typical patient is 65 years old, male, unemployed, and poor. They are heavy drinkers with significant comorbidity compromising functional status. The tumors are advanced (over 50% stage 4). After curative treatment 20% had residual disease, recurrences tended to appear in the first year and 50% of first recurrences included metastases. Overall, 47% of patients were disease free at 3 years but eventually 64% of patients died of their cancer.Conclusions: This information can be used by clinicians and researchers to understand the natural history of the patient group to critically assess both the selection bias and effectiveness of treatments.
Age‐Related Changes in Intranasal Air Conditioning in the Elderly
Authors: Lindemann Joerg , Sannwald Diana , Wiesmiller Kerstin 
Published: February 2009

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis: Elderly patients frequently complain about the feeling of a dry nose and recurrent crusting probably due to age‐related degenerative effects of the nasal mucosa. Data on intranasal air conditioning in elderly patients are missing. The aim of the study was to compare intranasal heating and humidification of respiratory air in elderly subjects and a younger control group. Additionally, rhinomanometrical and rhinometrical data were examined.Study Design: The study was conceived as randomized, prospective study.Methods: Forty study subjects (median age, 70 years; range, 61–84) and 40 control subjects (median age, 27 years; range, 20–40) were included in the study. In vivo air temperature and humidity values were simultaneously measured at defined intranasal sites. Active anterior rhinomanometry and acoustic rhinometry also were performed in every subject.Results: In the study group, the median end‐inspiratory air temperature (°C)/absolute humidity (g/m3) values were 24.0°C/13.8 g/m3 within the nasal valve region and 24.3°C/14.7 g/m3 anterior to the head of the middle turbinate. In the control group, the corresponding values were 27.0°C/15.5 g/m3 and 26.7°C/17.0 g/m3. Temperature and humidity values were significantly lower in the study group (P < .05). The minimal cross‐sectional areas and volumes were significantly higher in the study group (P < .05).Conclusions: Nasal complaints in elderly patients are a consequence of lower intranasal air temperature and humidity values combined with relatively enlarged nasal cavities due to involution atrophy of the nasal mucosa.
An Automatic Method to Quantify Mucosal Waves Via Videokymography
Authors: Jiang Jack J. , Zhang Yu , Kelly Michael P. , Bieging Erik T. , Hoffman Matthew R. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractObjective/Hypothesis: Vocal fold vibration is associated with four distinct vibratory patterns: those of the right‐upper, right‐lower, left‐upper, and left‐lower vocal fold lips. The purpose of this study was to propose a least squares method to quantify the vibratory properties of each of the four vocal fold lips via videokymography (VKG).Study Design: This was a methodological study designed to examine the impact of subglottal pressure and line‐scan position on mucosal wave parameters.Methods: VKG, a line‐scan imaging technique, has proven to be an effective method for studying vocal fold vibratory patterns. This study used VKG images and an automatic mucosal wave extraction method to examine the vibration of each individual vocal fold lip of 17 excised canine larynges under differing subglottal pressures and line‐scan positions.Results: Varying subglottal pressure led to results consistent with previous studies. Examination of the vocal folds at different line‐scan positions along its length revealed that amplitude is greatest at the midpoint of the vocal fold, followed by the anterior portion of the vocal fold, with the posterior portion having the lowest amplitude (P < .001). Frequency and phase delay did not change significantly throughout the length of the vocal fold.Conclusions: The method used in this study allows for easy determination of four sets of vibratory parameters, and examination of the effect of biomechanical parameters on vocal fold vibrations.
Vestibular Schwannoma Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction Expression of Estrogen and Progesterone Receptors
Authors: Patel Andrew K. , Alexander Thomas H. , Andalibi Ali , Ryan Allen F. , Doherty Joni K. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis: Determine the role of estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) expression in sporadic and neurofibromatosis 2 (NF2)‐related vestibular schwannomas (VS). Growth and proliferation signaling in human VS tumorigenesis may play a key role in molecular therapeutic targeting. VS carry mutations of the NF2 gene encoding the tumor suppressor, merlin, which interacts with ErbB2 in Schwann cells, implicating ErbB receptors in VS tumorigenesis. ErbB receptor family members are overexpressed or constitutively activated in many human tumors, and are effective therapeutic targets in some human cancers. VS occur more frequently in women and are larger, more vascular, and demonstrate increased growth rates during pregnancy. ER and PR may play a role in ErbB pathway activation and VS progression.Study Design: Quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) for ER and PR messenger RNA was performed using greater auricular and vestibular nerve controls (n = 8), sporadic VS (n = 23), and NF2‐related VS (n = 16) tissues.Methods: The qRT‐PCR data were normalized with standardization to a single constitutively expressed control gene, human cyclophylin.Results: Reverse transcription of messenger RNA from control and tumor specimens followed by RT Q‐PCR demonstrated differences in ER and PR gene expression between sporadic and NF2‐related VS.Conclusions: ER and PR expression in VS might have implications for development of a VS‐specific drug delivery system using antihormone and ErbB pathway small molecule inhibitors, due to crosstalk between these receptors. These signals may be critical for re‐establishing ErbB‐mediated cell density dependent growth inhibition.
Meta‐analysis: antibiotic prophylaxis in elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Authors: ZHOU H. , ZHANG J. , WANG Q. , HU Z. 
Published: February 2009

SummaryBackground  Current guidelines do not support routine antibiotic prophylaxis during elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy. However, routine antibiotic prophylaxis for elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy is still popular in many clinical settings.Aim  To evaluate the role of antibiotic prophylaxis in elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy.Methods  Electronic databases and manual bibliographical searches (updated to April 2008) were conducted. A meta‐analysis of all trials evaluating antibiotic prophylaxis in elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy was performed.Results  Fifteen trials were included, involving 2961 patients. After pooling all the trials, 48 wound infections occurred (48/2961, 1.62%), 22 in antibiotic prophylaxis group (22/1494, 1.47%) and 26 in control group (26/1467, 1.77%). The pooled odds ratio (OR) was 0.79 (95%CI: 0.44, 1.41). Four major infections occurred (4/2961, 0.14%), 3 in antibiotic prophylaxis group (3/1494, 0.20%), and one in control group (1/1467, 0.07%). The pooled OR was 2.51 (95%CI: 0.35, 17.84). Fifteen distant infections occurred (15/2961, 0.51%), six in antibiotic prophylaxis group (6/1494, 0.40%) and nine in control group (9/1467, 0.61%). The pooled OR was 0.53 (95%CI: 0.19, 1.50). Sensitivity analyses also failed to support antibiotic prophylaxis’s preventive effect.Conclusions  Considering the absent role of antibiotic prophylaxis in reducing the infectious complications, we suggest that antibiotic prophylaxis is unnecessary and should not be routinely used in low‐risk elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy patients.
Long‐term sequential deferiprone–deferoxamine versus deferiprone alone for thalassaemia major patients: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Maggio Aurelio , Vitrano Angela , Capra Marcello , Cuccia Liana , Gagliardotto Francesco , Filosa Aldo , Romeo Maria Antonietta , Magnano Carmelo , Caruso Vincenzo , Argento Crocetta , Gerardi Calogera , Campisi Saveria , Violi Pietro , Malizia Roberto , Cianciulli Paolo , Rizzo Michele , D’Ascola Domenico Giuseppe , Quota Alessandra , Prossomariti Luciano , Fidone Carmelo , Rigano Paolo , Pepe Alessia , D’Amico Gennaro , Morabito Alberto , Gluud Christian 
Published: February 2009

SummaryA multicentre randomized open‐label trial was designed to assess the effectiveness of long‐term sequential deferiprone–deferoxamine (DFO–DFP) versus DFP alone to treat thalassaemia major (TM). DFP at 75 mg/kg, divided into three oral daily doses, for 4 d/week and DFO by subcutaneous infusion (8–12 h) at 50 mg/kg per day for the remaining 3 d/week was compared with DFP alone at 75 mg/kg, administered 7 d/week during a 5‐year follow‐up. The main outcome measures were differences between multiple observations of serum ferritin concentrations. Secondary outcomes were survival analysis, adverse events, and costs. Consecutive thalassaemia patients (275) were assessed for eligibility; 213 of these were randomized and underwent intention‐to‐treat analysis. The decrease of serum ferritin levels during the treatment period was statistically significant higher in sequential DFP–DFO patients compared with DFP‐alone patients (P = 0·005). Kaplan–Meier survival analysis for the two chelation treatments did not show any statistically significant differences (long‐rank test, P = 0·3145). Adverse events and costs were comparable between the groups. The trial results show that sequential DFP–DFO treatment compared with DFP alone significantly decreased serum ferritin concentration during treatment for 5 years without significant differences regarding survival, adverse events, or costs. This trial was registered at http://www.clinicaltrials.gov as # NCT00733811.
Multisite management study of menorrhagia with abnormal laboratory haemostasis: a prospective crossover study of intranasal desmopressin and oral tranexamic acid
Authors: Kouides Peter A. , Byams Vanessa R. , Philipp Claire S. , Stein Sidney F. , Heit John A. , Lukes Andrea S. , Skerrette Nyasha I. , Dowling Nicole F. , Evatt Bruce L. , Miller Connie H. , Owens Sally , Kulkarni Roshni 
Published: February 2009

SummaryThe optimal management of menorrhagia among women with abnormal laboratory haemostasis is uncertain. In a crossover study, 116 women with menorrhagia [pictorial blood assessment chart (PBAC) score >100], negative gynaecological evaluation and abnormal laboratory haemostasis were randomly assigned to either intranasal desmopressin (IN‐DDAVP) or tranexamic acid (TA) therapy for two menstrual cycles. The subjects then crossed over to the second study drug for two additional cycles. Menstrual blood loss (MBL) was measured by PBAC scores at baseline and after each menstrual cycle. Quality of life (QOL) was assessed with four validated instruments. There was a statistically significant decrease in PBAC scores for both treatments. On average, the estimated decrease in the PBAC from baseline was −64·1 [95% confidence interval (CI) = −88·0, −40·3] for IN‐DDAVP and −105·7 (95% CI = −130·5, −81·0) for TA. The decrease in PBAC score was greater for TA than IN‐DDAVP (a difference of 41·6, P‐value = 0·0002, 95% CI = 19·6, 63·6). The test for treatment‐type effect was significant (P < 0·0001) suggesting a greater reduction in PBAC score with TA. Use of both IN‐DDAVP and TA improved QOL by all four instruments. We conclude that both medications reduced MBL and improved QOL among females with menorrhagia and abnormal laboratory haemostasis, but TA proved more effective.
T helper 2 biased de novo immune response to Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin in humans
Authors: Spazierer D. , Skvara H. , Dawid M. , Fallahi N. , Gruber K. , Rose K. , Lloyd P. , Heuerding S. , Stingl G. , Jung T. 
Published: February 2009

SummaryBackground
Allergen‐specific T helper 2 (Th2) cells play an important role in the pathogenesis of atopic disorders. To date, no model system exists in humans that would allow the monitoring of a developing de novo Th2 immune response in vivo.Objective
The aim of the experiment was to establish an immunization protocol inducing a de novo Th2 response in humans using Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin (KLH) as neo‐antigen.Methods
The double‐blind placebo‐controlled, parallel‐group study was conducted in two groups of subjects (16 healthy volunteers and 16 patients with allergic rhinitis). Subjects received three i.m. injections of 100 μg KLH adsorbed to aluminium hydroxide or matching placebo (alum alone) in intervals of 2 weeks. On day 43, KLH alone (10 μg) was given intra‐dermally (i.d.) to all subjects to assess immediate and late‐phase skin responses.Results
The immunization protocol was well tolerated, highly specific and efficient. Antigen‐specific production of Th2‐cytokines (mainly IL‐5 and IL‐13) by PBMCs suggested a Th2 pattern, as did the presence of KLH‐specific IgG4 in sera. Intra‐dermal KLH challenge induced an immediate‐type of response predominantly in atopic subjects followed by a late‐phase skin reaction. The latter was accompanied by the presence of IgE+ cells, eosinophils and a strong up‐regulation of IL‐4 and IL‐13 along with the absence of Th1 transcripts in biopsies taken from the site of antigen challenge. IL‐17 and IL‐22 transcripts were detected only in healthy subjects skin following KLH challenge, while IL‐1β and IL‐33 expression did not differ between the healthy and the atopics.Conclusions
The immunization protocol resulted in the elicitation of a local and peripheral Th2 immune response in both healthy and atopic individuals. This may permit the investigation and monitoring of novel immunomodulatory strategies aiming to interfere with Th2 responses in man. The relevance of lack of Th17 cells in atopic skin in this model remains to be determined.
Assessment of the tolerance to lupine‐enriched pasta in peanut‐allergic children
Authors: Fiocchi A. , Sarratud P. , Terracciano L. , Vacca E. , Bernardini R. , Fuggetta D. , Ballabio C. , Duranti M. , Magni C. , Restani P. 
Published: February 2009

SummaryBackground
Reports of allergy to lupine derivatives (as de novo sensitization or cross‐reactivity in subjects allergic to peanut) are increasing as their use in food products increases.Objectives
The aim of this study was to assess: (1) lupine tolerance in a group of children allergic to peanut, using lupine enriched‐pasta instead of raw flour as has been done in previous clinical studies; (2) whether technological treatments of lupine modify its cross‐reactivity or co‐sensitization with peanut; (3) the role of lupine seed proteins in sensitization, and (4) to identify the eliciting doses (EDs) by using double‐blind, placebo‐controlled food challenges (DBPCFC).Methods
Twelve patients with a history of clinical allergic reactions to peanut were evaluated by skin prick tests (SPTs), the ImmunoCAP® test, immunoblotting, and DBPCFC. The 12 selected subjects were included in a trial where lupine‐enriched pasta and placebo pasta were administered in a DBPCFC protocol.Results
Positive clinical reactions were observed in two children, the EDs being 0.2 and 6.4 g of pasta, corresponding to 50 mg and 1.6 g of lupine proteins, respectively. β‐conglutin was the protein most involved in SPT positivity.Conclusion
Lupine‐enriched pasta can be tolerated by most subjects suffering from peanut allergy, but a sizeable minority (2/12 of them in this case) can develop potentially dangerous clinical reactions. Information about possible reactions to lupine derivatives by those allergic to peanuts must be included in the labelling of lupine‐enriched products to protect consumers at risk.