Abstract 2855: ETS1, a target gene of the EWSR1::FLI1 fusion oncoprotein, regulates the expression of the focal adhesion protein TENSIN3
Authors: Ebegboni Vernon Justice , Jones Tamara L. , Brownmiller Tayvia , Pehrsson Erica , Zhao Patrick , Rajan Soumya Sundara , Caplen Natasha J. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Ewing sarcoma (EWS) is an aggressive bone and soft tissue tumor that affects children and young adults. Ewing sarcomas harbor few mutations beyond the chromosomal translocation that initiates disease, and the mechanistic basis for the metastasis of these tumors remains poorly understood. The epigenome of EWS cells reflects the regulatory state of genes associated with the DNA binding activity of the fusion oncoproteins EWSR1::FLI1 or EWSR1::ERG. In this study, we examined the EWSR1::FLI1/ERG’s repression of transcription factor genes, particularly those encoding transcriptional regulators of cell differentiation. To examine EWSR1::FLI1/ERG’s regulation of gene expression, we assayed DNA binding using ChIP-seq or CUT&RUN, RNA using RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) or qRT-PCR, and protein using immunoblotting or immunofluorescence. We depleted the expression of EWSR1::FLI1/ERG proteins using RNAi and overexpressed ETS1 using a full-length cDNA or CRISPR activation.RNA-seq analysis of control and EWSR1::FLI1-silenced TC-32, TC-71, and A673 EWS cells identified 67 genes encoding proteins with DNA binding activity that exhibited significant increases in expression following depletion of EWSR1::FLI1. Comparison of the expression of these 67 transcription factor genes in EWS cell lines (n=41) and tumors (n=79) showed 37 expressed at a wider range in tumors relative to cell lines (p &lt;0.01). This more variable expression in EWS tumors suggests that one or more of these transcription factors could exert a phenotypic effect. Focusing on one of the EWSR1::FLI1-repressed target genes, ETS1, we detected EWSR1::FLI1 binding and an H3K27me3 repressive mark at this locus. Depletion of EWSR1::FLI1 results in ETS1’s binding of promoter regions. Analysis of EWS cells in which we profiled ETS1 binding and assessed the effects of ectopically expressed ETS1 defined 265 genes as positively regulated by ETS1 of which 103 also exhibited an increase in expression following depletion of EWSR1::FLI1. Of these 103 genes, we focused on ETS1’s regulation of TNS3, as assessment of multiple EWS tumor expression profiles, showed positive correlation of ETS1 and TNS3 expression. TNS3 encodes TENSIN3, a focal adhesion protein that regulates cytoskeletal reorganization and contributes to cell migration by connecting the cytoplasmic tail of integrins to the actin cytoskeleton. EWS cell lines (SK-N-MC (EWSR1::FLI1) and ES-5838 (EWSR1::ERG), in which we activated ETS1 expression (CRISPRa) exhibited a migratory phenotype and increased TNS3 expression. Critically, the activated ETS1 EWS cell lines show TNS3 accumulation at leading cell edges, with F-actin cytoskeletal reorganization, a phenotype associated with cell migration. Our study demonstrates that EWS cells expressing ETS1 exhibit a more migratory phenotype, which, has the potential to promote the dissemination of cells and, thus, metastasis.
Citation Format: Vernon Justice Ebegboni, Tamara L. Jones, Tayvia Brownmiller, Erica Pehrsson, Patrick Zhao, Soumya Sundara Rajan, Natasha J. Caplen. ETS1, a target gene of the EWSR1::FLI1 fusion oncoprotein, regulates the expression of the focal adhesion protein TENSIN3 [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 2855.