bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Composition and Formation Conditions of Neoproterozoic Phosphorites of the Middle Urals
Authors: Krupenin M. T. , Kuznetsov A. B. , Zamyatin D. A. , Pankrushina E. A. , Lepekha S. V. 
Published: April 2024

Phosphorite breccias compose a 6-m member in the Vendian terrigenous Kernos Formation in the basin of the Mezhevaya Utka and Sylvitsa rivers in the Middle Urals. Phosphorite pebbles and gravel are accumulations of fragments of redeposited crusts, originally formed in the early diagenesis near the surface of sandy-argillaceous deposits below the water-sediment boundary. Phosphorite is represented by fluorocarbonate apatite with unit cell parameter a from 0.9359 to 0.9363 nm, spectral mode parameters in Raman spectra (FWHM = 1–2 cm–1 and position from 963 to 966 cm–1), and a band at 1095 cm–1 in IR spectra. The absorption bands at ~1430 and 1453 cm–1 in the IR spectra correspond to the substitution of the orthophosphorus group by the carbonate ion (B-type). According to thermal analysis data, the CO2 content in apatite varies in the range of 0.04–0.8%, and the admixture of dispersed organic matter in the form of aliphatic compounds is 0.3–0.8%. Apatite is represented by two generations: primary in the form of basal structureless fine-crystalline cement and secondary in the composition of euhedral crystals up to 10 µm in size. Both generations corrode detrital quartz grains. Secondary apatite is enriched in P2O5, CaO, and F and contains less SiO2, FeO, Al2O3, MgO, and K2O than primary apatite. The PAAS-normalized REE distribution has a smoothed profile with a La/Yb ratio of about 2 and positive Ce- and Eu anomalies in enrichment phosphorites. The average value of F/P2O5 is 0.09 and corresponds to that in typical fluorocarbonate apatites that have undergone catagenesis. The high values of 87Sr/86Sr (from 0.7130 to 0.7253) in detrital phosphorites of the Kernos Formation suggest their deposition in a desalinated wave-dominated shallow-marine paleobasin near a significant inflow of continental waters or catagenetic recrystallization.
Chemical Weathering Indices and their Use for Paleoclimatic Reconstructions (on the Example of the Vendian‒Lower Cambrian Section of Podolsk Transnistria)
Authors: Maslov A. V. , Podkovyrov V. N. 
Published: April 2024

The article provides an overview of various indices/indicators (Vogt, Parker, CIA, CIW, PIA, MIA, etc.) used in the study of weathering profiles/crusts and reconstruction of paleoclimatic environments of sedimentary sequence accumulation. Their possibilities are demonstrated by the example of Vendian-Lower Cambrian terrigenous deposits of Podolsk Transnistria (southwestern slope of the Ukrainian Shield). The distribution of the ba1 index values in this section indicates the presence of the material most transformed by the processes of chemical weathering in the mudstones of the Nagoryany Formation, the lower part of the Danylivka and the middle part of the Studenytsya formations. For mudstones of the Danylivka–Zbruch interval, the HM values are close to the HMPAAS. For rocks of the Yaryshiv–Nagoryany interval, the HM values are slightly higher, and for mudstones in the lower part of the Yaryshiv Formation, they are comparable to those inherent in continental clays of a hot tropical climate. The average SA index for mudstones of the entire section is 5.6 ± ± 0.7. Mudstones of the Hrushka–Nagoryany interval, where SA SAPAAS, are composed of more weathered material. The WIP values in the mudstones of the Mohyliv and Yaryshiv formations, as well as in the upper part of the Zbruch Formation, correspond to the interval of their values between PAAS and the average Archean granite. Clay rocks of other formations have WIP ≤ WIPPAAS values. The average CIA value for mudstones is 71 ± 4, which practically corresponds to the CIA value (70), which separates the sediments of cold/arid and warm/humid climates. Variations in the CIW index along the section are symbate with variations in the CIA. The vast majority of mudstones are characterized by PIA PIAPAAS values. The average CPA value is 91 ± 4, which is also typical for PAAS. The above and other data show that on the basis of a “direct” interpretation of the values of various indices of chemical weathering inherent in fine-grained clastic rocks, the paleoclimate that existed in the Vendian‒Early Cambrian on the territory of Podolsk Transnistria was rather moderate or warm humid. Comparison of the CIA values of mudstones with the values of this indicator for the particulate suspended matter of modern rivers suggests that the climate in the Vendian‒Early Cambrian resembled dry and humid subtropical or dry tropical with elements of humid.
Structural Heterogeneity and “Crystallinity” Indices of Natural Kaolinites
Authors: Drits V. A. , Sakharov B. A. 
Published: April 2024

To overcome the existing uncertainty in the interpretation of “crystallinity” indices of kaolinites, HI [Hinckley, 1963], IK [Stoch, Sikora, 1966; Stoch, 1974], QF [Range, Weiss, 1969], AGFI [Aparicio, Galán, 1999; Aparicio et al., 2006], WIRI [Chmielová, Weiss, 2002], their values obtained for a representative collection of 30 kaolinite samples were compared with the results of modeling the corresponding X-ray diffraction patterns. It is shown that all the studied samples consist of a mixture of almost defect-free high ordered HOK and defective low-ordered LOK kaolinite phases, and that there are relationships between the HOK content and the values of the “crystallinity” indices, which are described by different regression equations. The relationship is most pronounced for HOK and the Hinckley index, HI, which is described by the quadratic equation HOK (%) = 12.236 HI2 + 25.464 HI ‒ 1.2622 with the correlation factor R2 = 0.993. The resulting equations can be used to find concentrations of HOK and LOK in natural kaolinites. Comparison of structural parameters of defective kaolinites obtained by modeling of their X-ray diffraction patterns with those of Expert System [Plançon, Zacharie 1990] showed that the latter sometimes predicts: 1) single-phase highly defective kaolinites, while their diffraction pattern modeling establishes a mixture of HOK and LOK phases; and 2) in two-phase samples, the content of the low-defect phase (ldp) is greater than 100%.
Continental Genesis of Sands of the Novolutsk Member, Sablinskaya Formation of the Middle Cambrian (Northwestern Flank of the Moscow Syneclise)
Authors: Platonov M. V. , Tugarova M. A. 
Published: April 2024

Despite the high degree of knowledge about Cambrian-Ordovician sandy sequence in the northwestern flank of the Moscow syneclise, some of its subdivisions are still poorly studied. For the first time the article provides a comprehensive lithological analysis of the textural and mineral-structural composition of the Novolutsk member sands, common in the west of the Leningrad region. This member conventionally belongs to the Sablinskaya Formation of the Middle Cambrian. Significant differences between the studied sands and the sands of other units of the formation are shown, and their analogues are found in the eastern sections of the Baltic-Ladoga glint. The lenticular occurrence, specific textural complex and coarse-medium-grained composition of the Novolutsk unit sands made it possible to prove their continental alluvial genesis and link them with the sedimentary environments of the earlier identified Putilovskaya member sands of the Sablinskaya Formation.
Human rDNA Structure, Expression, and Non-Canonical Functions: the Role of Non-Coding Regions
Authors: Sadova A. A. , Panteleev D. Yu. , Pavlova G. V. 
Published: April 2024

The review is dedicated to analyzing and summarizing the data on the part of human genome encoding 45S rRNA. The sequences which seem evolutionary conserved on the first glance astonish one with their variability in structure and a variety of functions on closer examination. The major part of rDNA is non-coding and contains regulatory elements, protein binding sites, pseudogenes, repetitive sequences, and microRNA genes. Ribosomal intergenic spacers are not only in charge with the nucleolus morphology and functioning, namely, the rRNA expression and ribosome biogenesis, but also control nuclear chromatin formation thus mediating cell differentiation. Besides, alterations in the expression of these non-coding regions of rDNA in response to environmental stimuli underlies the keen sense of cell to various types of stressors. Malfunctioning of this process may result in a wide range of pathologies from oncology to neurodegenerative disease and mental illness. Here we observe to-date materials on the structure and transcription of the ribosomal intergenic spacer in humans and its role in rRNA expression, in-born disease development, and cancer.
Analysis of the Tomato Aspermy Virus Complete Genomes Suggests Reassortment in Russian Isolates from Chrysanthemum
Authors: Sheveleva А. А. , Krasnov G. S. , Kudravtseva А. V. , Snezhkina А. V. , Bulavkina E. V. , Chirkov S. N. 
Published: April 2024

Tomato aspermy virus (TAV, genus Cucumovirus from the family Bromoviridae) is one of the most common and harmful chrysanthemum viruses, causing severe flower distortion, size reduction and color breaking. Metatranscriptome sequencing of chrysanthemum plants of the Ribonette and Golden Standard cultivars from the collection of the Nikita Botanical Garden (Yalta, Republic of Crimea) generated TAV-related reads. The complete genomes of two Russian isolates of the virus were assembled from the reads obtained. This is the first report of full-length TAV genomes from Russia. Typically of cucumoviruses, the segmented TAV genome is represented by three single-stranded positive-sense linear RNA molecules with a length of 3412 (RNA1), 3097 (RNA2) and 2219 (RNA3) nucleotides. Five open reading frames (ORF) have been identified that encode replicase (ORF1), RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (ORF2a), silencing suppressor protein (OFR2b), movement protein (OFR3a) and the virus coat protein (ORF3b). The identity of the TAV genomes from the two chrysanthemum cultivars was 99.8% for all three viral RNAs, and with other TAV isolates from Genbank – 97.5–99.7 (RNA1), 93.8–99.8 (RNA2), and 89.3–99.3% (RNA3). Phylogenetic analysis showed that RNA1 and RNA3 of the Russian isolates were assigned to heterogeneous groups of TAV isolates found on various plant species in different regions of the world. At the same time, RNA2 clearly clustered with tomato isolates SKO20ST2 from Slovenia and PV-0220 from Bulgaria and, to a lesser extent, with the Iranian isolate Ker.Mah.P from petunia and the Chinese isolate Henan from chrysanthemum. The incongruence of phylogenetic trees reconstructed from different segments of the viral genome suggests pseudo-recombination (reassortment) in the Russian TAV isolates.
Effects of Hydrogen Sulfide Donor GYY4137 on the Proteasome Pool of Colon Cancer Cells
Authors: Grigorieva E. V. , Astakhova T. M. , Burov A. V. , Karpov V. L. , Morozov A. V. 
Published: April 2024

Cancer cells are characterized by an increased level of metabolism and are highly dependent on the correct functioning of the processes that ensure homeostasis. Reactive sulfur species (RSS) are important molecular modulators of metabolic processes in both healthy and tumor cells. The effect of RSS and, in particular, H2S, on key cellular systems, including the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), which ensures the destruction of most intracellular proteins, has been shown. The main components of the UPS are proteasomes ‒ multisubunit protein complexes, within which protein proteolysis occurs. At the same time, data on the effect of H2S directly on the pool of proteasomes in tumor cells are insufficient. Here, we studied the effect of incubation of SW620B8-mCherry colon adenocarcinoma cells expressing a fluorescently labeled proteasome subunit with 50, 100, and 200 µM of hydrogen sulfide donor GYY4137. The effect of the substance on the proteasome pool was assessed 6, 24, 48, and 72 h after administration. It was shown that the chymotrypsin-like and caspase-like proteasome activity decreases in cells incubated with 200 µM of the GYY4137 for 24 h. This coincided with an increase in the expression of proteasome subunit genes. In lysates of cells incubated with 200 µM GYY4137 for 48 h an increase in the content of the constitutive β5 subunit was observed. Against this background, the activity of proteasomes in cells levels off. Following prolonged incubation with GYY4137 (72h), an increase in the expression levels of some proteasome genes was also observed, though this did not have a significant effect on the activity and subunit composition of proteasomes. Thus, the data obtained indicate the modulation of proteasome activity by the hydrogen sulfide donor, as well as the effect of GYY4137 on the levels of transcription and translation of proteasome genes.
Seasonal Changes in Abundance, Biomass, and Species Diversity of Zooplankton in Areas Offshore the Crimea (Black and Azov Seas)
Authors: Zagorodnyaya Ju. A. , Drapun I. E. , Galagovets E. A. , Garbazey O. A. , Gubanov V. V. , Kudyakova A. S. , Litvinuk D. A. , Popova E. V. 
Published: April 2024

New data are presented the seasonal changes in abundance, biomass of copepods and fodder zooplankton in areas offshore the Crimea. These investigations are based on the materials of five expeditions of the RV “Prof. Vodyanitsky” in the northern part of the Black Sea and the southern part of the Sea of Azov in different seasons of 2016. It was shown: 1) Seasonal differences in the taxonomic structure of the Copepoda taxocene from the shelf and deep waters were revealed. The warm-water invasive species Acartia (Acanthacartia) tonsa and Oithona davisae were relative numerous in the copepod assemblages on the shelf in summer and autumn. In the deep waters, with a low abundance of warm-water invaders, cold-water native species were dominating, and the structure of the Copepoda taxocene was more stable than on the shelf in these seasons. 2) Zooplankton abundance in 2016 was higher compared to 2010 and the 1990s. The data on zooplankton, supported by information about an increase in the species richness and abundance of fish larvae in recent years, make it possible to talk about the transition of the Black Sea ecosystem to a new, relatively stable state.
<i>Palaeoulvaria</i> Green Algae of the Vendian (Ediacaran) Berezovsky Trough (South of the Siberian Platform)
Authors: Kolosov P. N. 
Published: April 2024

Microorganisms of unique preservation were found in the Byuk formation of the Vendian (Ediacaran) of the Berezovsky trough in the southeast of the Siberian platform. These microorganisms are present in the silicified colloform stromatolites, i.e. they inhabited the littoral and sublittoral zones. The microorganisms are characterized by a lamellar body-type, rods between plates that attach them, and reproductive organ on the stipe. Based on these characteristics typical of Ulvaceae, the described microorganisms are to be representatives of green algae (Chlorophyta), belonging to the order Ulvales Blackman et Tansley, and presumably corresponding to the family Anchicodiaceae Shuysky, 1987. A new genus Palaeoulvaria with the type species P. plate gen. et sp. nov. was identified.
<i>Ovis gracilis</i> sp. nov. (Artiodactyla, Bovidae) in the Lower Pleistocene of the Taurida Cave in the Crimea and the History of the Genus <i>Ovis</i>
Authors: Vislobokova I. A. 
Published: April 2024

А new species Ovis gracilis sp. nov. is described based on the study of fossil remains of Bovidae from the Lower Pleistocene of the Taurida Cave, the Crimea. This not very large sheep had the horn cores with homonymous torsion and short sinuses, and slender metapodia. The remains of Ovis from Taurida are among the oldest in Europe and the first evidence of the presence of Ovis in the Еarly Pleistocene of the Crimea. The species O. gracilis was a part of the fauna of the Taurida Cave, dated within 1.8–1.5 Ma. The appearance of this species in the south of Eastern Europe could be associated with one of the early waves of dispersal from Asia, along the Alpine-Himalayan belt just prior to the Olduvai paleomagnetic episode.
Stages of Restoration of Components of Post-Agrogenic Pine Forest Ecosystems at the National Park “Smolensk Lakeland”
Authors: Shopina О. V. , Geraskina А. P. , Кuznetsova А. I. , Тikhonovа Е. V. , Тitovets А. V. , Bavshin I. М. , Khokhryakov V. R. , Semenkov I. N. 
Published: April 2024

Rural depopulation in Russia was accompanied by the abandonment of arable lands and natural reforestation. The aim of the work was to study soils and phytocenoses of six stages of pine forest restoration on rocks with coarse granulometric composition in the north-west of Smolensk region. The research was carried out at 18 key sites, characterizing 6 stages in triplicates. Under agrocenoses and one-year-old fallow lands we found agrozemes (Arenosols (Aric)) with a thick arable layer and a minimum abundance and biomass of macrofauna, represented mainly by phytophages and saprophages. At the 2nd stage of fallow meadows, grey-humus soils (Arenosols) and sod-podzols postagrogenic (Entic Podzols) were found with unchanged morphological properties in comparison with the first stage. Here, the biomass of macrofauna is maximal due to intensive invasion of open biotopes by insects. Young (up to 30 years old) pine forests grew on similar to the Stage 2 regraded soils. During 10 years of a forest growth, litter and protohumus regrading horizons were formed. In middle-aged (70–80 years old) pine forests on sod-podburs post-agrogenic regraded (Entic Podzols), signs of an eluvial process are manifested. Macrofauna is characterized by a decrease in the biomass of a litter population. In forests older than 80 years, decay of pine stands with the formation of complex spruce forests have begun. In soils, even lower boundary of old-fallow horizon disappears without podzolic horizon formation. Here, the maximum biomass of litter macrofauna is revealed. The final stage is shrubby (lingonberry)-green-moss pine forests older than 90 years growing on podzols (Albic Podzols) with remains of old-fallow horizon. Among macrofauna, litter macrofauna prevail in terms of a biomass, but the biomass is lower than in the previous stage. Due to the different degree of morphological manifestation of the alfegumus process, the fifth and sixth stages can be considered as variants of the development of post-agrogenic soils under pine forests.
Quantitative Characteristics of the Microstructure of Typical Chernozems Using Different Agricultural Technologies
Authors: Yudin S. A. , Plotnikova O. O. , Belobrov V. P. , Lebedeva M. P. , Abrosimov K. N. , Ermolaev N. R. 
Published: April 2024

The methodological possibilities of micromorphological soil research making it possible to analyze digital images of soil thin sections at a quantitative level are presented in this study. A new software Thixomet Pro has been tested for quantitative micromorphological study of sail on the example of soil thin sections from the surface horizons of Haplic Chernozem. Soil samples for preparing thin sections were collected on the territory of scientific and industrial field test plot for assessing the impact of agro technologies in grain crop rotation on soil properties (Kursk region, Russia). In the field test plot, conventional agro technology (real tillage) and no-till are compared. Soil sampling was carried out in two replications from depth of 10–15 cm. The analysis revealed the variability of microstructure of Haplic Chernozem in the size, shape and orientation of aggregates associated with the use of agricultural technologies with and without plowing in grain crop rotation. In the Сhernozem with no–till, aggregates are generally larger compared to the aggregates of Сhernozem with conventional agro technology. This is noted at all levels of comparison of direct seeding and conventional agricultural technology: in the minimum diameter, the fraction 1–2 mm prevails against 0.25–0.5 mm, respectively, in the average diameter, fractions 1–2, 2–3 and 3–5 mm prevail against 0.5–1 and 0.25–0.5 mm, respectively, in the maximum diameter, fractions 1–2, 2–3 and 3–5 mm prevail against 0.5–1, 0.25–0.5 and 1–2 mm, respectively. It is also shown that less rounded and isometric aggregates are formed during direct seeding. With direct seeding, the proportion of aggregates with a form factor of 0.2–0.4 is higher and the proportion of aggregates with a form factor of 0.4–0.6 is lower than with traditional technology. The proportion of subhorizontal aggregates in direct seeding is higher compared to traditional processing (54.3 and 34.1% respectively).
Features of the Elemental Composition of Alluvial Soils of the Middle Course of the Bolshaya Kokshaga River
Authors: Isaev A. V. , Demakov Yu. P. , Sharafutdinov R. N. 
Published: April 2024

The content of chemical elements in the alluvial soils (Fluvisols) of the middle reaches of the Bolshaya Kokshaga River, inheriting the composition from the lithological basis of two mineralogical-geochemical provinces of Central Russian and Priuralskaya, was estimated, which made it possible to establish the limits of the content of gross forms of elements and their background concentrations, to lay the foundation for monitoring the state of the environment on the territory of the Bolshaya Kokshaga Reserve. The content of 34 chemical elements was found in alluvial soils and sands of coastal shoals, of which the most common are Si, Al, Fe, Ca, K, Mg, Na, Ti, Mn, P, S with a content of 1 g/kg. The concentrations of many elements significantly differ by soil types, the greatest similarity was revealed between meadow and humus-gley. In comparison with alluvial soils, the sands of coastal shoals are characterized by a maximum content of Si and a minimum of all other elements. Turf soils are characterized by the lowest content of elements, with the exception of Si, meadow and humus-gley accumulate more Al, Fe, K, Na, Mg, Ti, Mn, Ba, Cr, Zn, Ni, V and As, silt-peat, which are highly mineralized peat deposits, accumulate more Ca, S, P, Sr, Cl and Rb. It was found that alluvial soils are characterized by a high natural level of content of As, Cu, V, P, Zr, Ni and Zn, exceeding the clarks (Kk = = 1.5–2), and low–Al, K, Mg, Ti, Sr, Rb, Na, Cl and Ca (Kk 1), the content of the remaining elements are comparable to Clark values.
Rhizosphere Effect and Bacterial Community Structure in Horizons of Podzolic Soil under Spruce Plants (<i>Picea abies</i> L.)
Authors: Yevdokimov I. V. , Semenov M. V. , Bykhovets S. S. 
Published: April 2024

The relationships between the rhizosphere effects, allocation in soil horizons and bacterial community structure in the rhizosphere and the bulk soil of Retisol under spruce trees (Tver region, Russia) were studied. The rhizosphere factors (Rf) expressed as ratios of soil characteristics in the rhizosphere to that in the bulk soil were determined for the basic indices of microbial respiration, biomass and available nutrients pools in the top AEL (3–15 cm) and deep EL horizons (15–46 cm). The most prominent rhizosphere effects (Rf 1.6) were revealed for microbial biomass C, basal respiration, and SOM turnover rate. Rf value for the SOM turnover rate in humus AEL horizon was approximately 1.5, while in the EL horizon it reached 6. The Rhizosphere had higher microbial diversity, with a significant contribution of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, including representatives of Acidobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Solibacteres and Spartobacteria. The Gram-positive orders Bacillales and Clostridiales predominated in the bulk soil, with the relative contributions of more than 80 and 50% for the AEL and EL horizons, respectively. Based on the number of microbial activity indices with high Rf values (three for the lower EL horizon and only one for the upper humus AEL horizon), the rhizosphere of the lower horizon is probably more pronounced “hot spot” of biological activity than that in the top soil layer.