bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Altered tongue muscle contractile properties coincide with altered swallow function in the adult Ts65Dn mouse model of down syndrome
Authors: Glass Tiffany J. , Russell John A. , Fisher Erin H. , Ostadi Marziyeh , Aori Nanyumuzi , Yu Y. Eugene , Connor Nadine P. 
Published: March 2024

PurposeDown syndrome (DS) is a developmental disability associated with difficulties in deglutition. The adult Ts65Dn mouse model of DS has been previously shown to have differences in measures of swallowing compared with euploid controls. However, the putative mechanisms of these differences in swallowing function are unclear. This study tested the hypothesis that the Ts65Dn genotype is associated with atypical measures of tongue muscle contractile properties, coinciding with atypical swallow function.MethodsAdult (5-month-old) Ts65Dn (n = 15 female, 14 male) and euploid sibling controls (n = 16 female, 14 male) were evaluated through videofluoroscopy swallow studies (VFSS) to quantify measures of swallowing performance including swallow rate and inter-swallow interval (ISI). After VFSS, retrusive tongue muscle contractile properties, including measures of muscle fatigue, were determined using bilateral hypoglossal nerve stimulation.ResultsThe Ts65Dn group had significantly slower swallow rates, significantly greater ISI times, significantly slower rates of tongue force development, and significantly greater levels of tongue muscle fatigue, with lower retrusive tongue forces than controls in fatigue conditions.ConclusionTongue muscle contractile properties are altered in adult Ts65Dn and coincide with altered swallow function.
Reduced contrast sensitivity function is correlated with changes to cone photoreceptors in simple high myopia
Authors: Wang Jiefang , Liu Xinting , Huang Jing , Deng Ruoyun , Zhao Sijun , Chen Yulei , Chen Zhaohe , Wang Yanli , Rong Yu , Liu Qian , Qu Jia , Mao Xinjie 
Published: March 2024

PurposeTo investigate the contrast sensitivity function (CSF) changes in simple high myopia (SHM) and evaluate the correlations between these changes with the early changes in the retinal microstructure.MethodsThis prospective study comprised 81 subjects, 20 with emmetropia (EM), 26 with low myopia and moderate myopia (LM/MM), and 35 with SHM. The area under the log CSF curve (AULCSF) and the cut-off spatial frequency (Cut-off SF) were employed as measures of CSF. Adaptive optics (AO) was employed to quantify the cone density, spacing, and regularity. The thickness and blood flow of the retinal sublayers were determined from vertical and horizontal optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) A-scans. Swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) was employed to analyze the choroidal thickness (CT) and choroidal vascularity using a custom algorithm. Differences in the retinal and choroidal parameters, cone distribution, AULCSF, and Cut-off SF were compared among the three groups. Multivariate linear mixed models were used to elucidate the associations between photoreceptor morphological alterations, retinal and choroidal parameters, and AULCSF.ResultsThe AULCSF and Cut-off SF were significantly lower in the SHM group compared to the EM and LM groups (p &lt; 0.05). The SHM group had less cone density, larger cone spacing, and lower cone regularity than the EM and LM/MM groups (p &lt; 0.05). Moreover, the thickness of the inner segment of photoreceptors (IS), retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) layer and choroid were reduced, and the outer segment of photoreceptors (OS) was thicker in the SHM group compared to the EM and LM/MM groups (all p &lt; 0.05). A longer axial length (AL) was correlated with decreased AULCSF, cone density, and cone spacing (r = −0.800 to 0.752, all p &lt; 0.050). Additionally, decreased CSF was correlated with lower cone density (r = 0.338, p = 0.035).ConclusionDecreased contrast sensitivity was observed in patients with SHM and cone density was significantly correlated with reduced AUCSF.
Research status and trends of physical activity on depression or anxiety: a bibliometric analysis
Authors: Zhang Xin-Yue , Ye Fang , Yin Zi-Han , Li Ya-Qin , Bao Qiong-Nan , Xia Man-Ze , Chen Zheng-Hong , Zhong Wan-Qi , Wu Ke-Xin , Yao Jin , Liang Fan-Rong 
Published: March 2024

BackgroundAnxiety and depression are prevalent mental disorders. As modern society continues to face mounting pressures, the incidence of anxiety and depression is on the rise. In recent years, there has been an increasing breadth of research exploring the relationship between anxiety, depression, and physical activity (PA). However, the current research progress and future development trends are unclear. The purpose of this study is to explore the research hotspots and development trends in this field, and to provide guidance for future studies and to provide some reference for clinicians.MethodsWe searched the relevant literature of Web of Science Core Collection from the establishment of the database to August 15, 2023. CiteSpace, VOSviewer and Bibliometrix Packages based on the R language were used to analyze the number of publications, countries, institutions, journals, authors, references, and keywords.ResultsA total of 1,591 studies were included in the analysis, and the research in the field of PA on anxiety or depression has consistently expanded. The USA (304 publications), Harvard University (93 publications), and the journal of affective disorders (97 publications) were the countries, institutions, and journals that published the highest number of articles, respectively. According to the keywords, students and pregnant women, adult neurogenesis, and Tai Chi were the groups of concern, physiological and pathological mechanisms, and the type of PA of interest, respectively.ConclusionThe study of PA on anxiety or depression is experiencing ongoing expansion. Clinicians can consider advising patients to take mind–body exercise to improve mood. In addition, future researchers can explore the mind–body exercise and its impact on anxiety or depression, PA and anxiety or depression in specific populations, and adult neurogenesis of various exercise in anxiety or depression.
Availability and adaption of exercise programs in pediatric oncology during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond: a nationwide follow-up survey of providers in Germany
Authors: Kesting Sabine , Gaser Dominik , Queisser Jennifer , Götte Miriam , von Luettichau Irene , Peters Christiane , Oberhoffer-Fritz Renate , Gauß Gabriele 
Published: March 2024

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has presented major challenges to clinical practice and delivery of care programs throughout all health care systems. Exercise programs, that are implemented in most centers for pediatric oncology in Germany, are a relatively new care program however with high clinical impact and health benefits.ObjectiveThe impact and consequences of the pandemic on the delivery and availability of exercise programs in Germany for pediatric cancer patients and survivors are unknown. A national survey analyzed restrictions, challenges and novel approaches of exercise program delivery and scientific research.MethodA two-stage online survey was distributed to providers of exercise programs (acute clinics, non-clinical institutions, rehabilitation facilities) via the established Network ActiveOncoKids. Data was collected during the pandemic in 2022 and 2023 using a combination of open and closed questions.ResultsIn total, n = 27 (response rate: 82%) and n = 17 (response rate: 63%) providers participated in the first and second survey, respectively. Findings pointed out restrictions in 85% of all exercise programs in 2020 and 2021, with slight reductions in 2022. During pandemic, restrictions with major impact arose within exercise offers during follow-up and declined gradually. Whereas restrictions within the setting of acute therapy had medium or minor impact but persisted beyond. Delivery of provided exercise programs necessitated adaptions, including digital methods, supervised interventions from a distance and change of locations.DiscussionThe findings highlight the adaptability, the demand and the potential of exercise programs in pediatric oncology. We assume that exercise professionals have used the pandemic-related challenges to review and modify existing concepts and made adaptations according to local conditions and novel tools for the provision of exercise programs. Nevertheless, a conspicuous lack of exercise-related care has become evident in certain patients and survivors. Further expansion of programs is imperative to address and accommodate all pertinent needs.
EMDR in pediatric hospital setting: a case report of an adolescent with cancer
Authors: Ciappina Sabrina , Roccia Elvia , Concas Deborah , Faretta Elisa , Fernandez Isabel , Quarello Paola , Zucchetti Giulia , Fagioli Franca 
Published: March 2024

IntroductionChildhood cancer is rare, but it is the most frequent serious event with a high risk of traumatization for children, adolescents, parents and siblings. EMDR is widely studied as clinical intervention that addressed cancer-related stressors among cancer adult population, but to our knowledge, no researches have been conducted among children and adolescent with cancer.MethodsThe purpose of this case study is to describe for the first time the application of the EMDR protocol in a pediatric hospital setting with a 17-years-old Italian adolescent who received a diagnosis of leukemia. He accessed the psychological support service complaining of feelings of anxiety and general discomfort. EMDR protocol started after the diagnosis and ended after the usual eight phases. The Impact of Event Scale—Revised (IES-R) was used to assess stress disorders symptoms as outcome at the baseline (before the First Phase) and at the end of the EMDR protocol (after the Eight Phase).ResultsBy using EMDR protocol the patient reported a decrease of emotional activation after a few EMDR sessions.ConclusionEMDR protocol may be effective for pediatric cancer patients in treating stress disorders symptoms and it can be proposed immediately after diagnosis as a standard care also in pediatric hospital setting.
Risk factors for suicidal attempts in a sample of outpatients with treatment-resistant depression: an observational study
Authors: Civardi Serena Chiara , Besana Filippo , Carnevale Miacca Giovanni , Mazzoni Filippo , Arienti Vincenzo , Politi Pierluigi , Brondino Natascia , Olivola Miriam 
Published: March 2024

IntroductionTreatment-resistant depression (TRD) is commonly defined as the failure of at least two trials with antidepressant drugs, given at the right dose and for an appropriate duration. TRD is associated with increased mortality, compared to patients with a simple major depressive episode. This increased rate was mainly attributed to death from external causes, including suicide and accidents. The aim of our study is to identify socio-demographic and psychopathological variables associated with suicidal attempts in a sample of outpatients with TRD.Material and methodsWe performed a monocentric observational study with a retrospective design including a sample of 63 subjects with TRD referred to an Italian outpatient mental health centre. We collected socio-demographic and psychopathological data from interviews and clinical records.Results77.8% of the sample (N=49) were females, the mean age was 49.2 (15.9). 33.3% (N=21) of patients had attempted suicide. 54% (N=34) of patients had a psychiatric comorbidity. Among the collected variables, substance use (p=0.031), psychiatric comorbidities (p=0.049) and high scores of HAM-D (p=0.011) were associated with the occurrence of suicide attempts. In the regression model, substance use (OR 6.779), psychiatric comorbidities (OR 3.788) and HAM-D scores (OR 1.057) were predictive of suicide attempts. When controlling for gender, only substance use (OR 6.114) and HAM-D scores (OR 1.057) maintained association with suicide attempts.ConclusionThe integrated treatment of comorbidities and substance abuse, which involves different mental health services, is fundamental in achieving the recovery of these patients. Our study supports the importance of performing a careful clinical evaluation of patients with TRD in order to identify factors associated with increased risk of suicide attempts.
Gaps and opportunities in addressing the needs of older adults in the Philippines and Vietnam: a qualitative exploration of health and social workers’ experiences in urban care settings
Authors: Moncatar TJ Robinson T. , Vo Man Thi Hue , Siongco Kathryn Lizbeth L. , Han Tran Dai Tri , Seino Kaoruko , Gomez Aliya Vanessa D. , Canila Carmelita C. , Javier Richard S. , Vo Thang Van , Tashiro Yuri , Lorenzo Fely Marilyn E. , Nakamura Keiko 
Published: March 2024

BackgroundDespite numerous government initiatives, concerns and disparities among older adults have continually been growing. Empirical studies focused on older adults in the Philippines and Vietnam appear minimal and mostly regarding perceptions of aging. An effective geriatric care strongly relies on functional service providers requiring their perspectives to be explored toward inclusive service delivery.ObjectiveTo investigate the perceived gaps and opportunities in geriatric care service delivery among health and social care workers in selected urban areas in the Philippines and Vietnam.MethodsA qualitative case study approach drawn on social constructivism theory, examined working experiences, observed characteristics of older adults, geriatric services and needs, difficulties on service delivery, and recommended solutions. A total of 12 semi-structured interviews and 29 focus group discussions were conducted in the Philippines, with 174 health and social care workers, while in Vietnam, there were 23 semi-structured interviews and 29 focus group discussions with 124 participants. An inductive thematic analysis was employed.ResultsInterview participants highlighted the increasing unmet needs such as accessibility, availability, and acceptability of geriatric care services. The implementation of interventions on the older population faced multiple challenges, including issues related to older adult conundrums and dilemmas in geriatric care providers and facilities. The participants from the two countries felt that strengthening implementation of collaboration toward an integrated geriatric care structure and expansion of training and capability in handling older adults can be potential in addressing the gaps at both individual and institutional levels. Additionally, a committed leadership was viewed to be the important step to effectively operationalize the strategy.ConclusionHealth and social workers emphasized that the needs of older adults are exacerbated by various challenges within a fragmented geriatric care system. To address this issue, an establishment of an integrated service delivery mechanism with dedicated leadership is needed. The findings from this study may help develop appropriate solutions for addressing the health and social care needs of older adults in similar settings across Southeast Asia. Further examination of the impact of these challenges and solutions on service delivery and the wellbeing of older adults is essential.
Artificial intelligence large language model ChatGPT: is it a trustworthy and reliable source of information for sarcoma patients?
Authors: Valentini Marisa , Szkandera Joanna , Smolle Maria Anna , Scheipl Susanne , Leithner Andreas , Andreou Dimosthenis 
Published: March 2024

IntroductionSince its introduction in November 2022, the artificial intelligence large language model ChatGPT has taken the world by storm. Among other applications it can be used by patients as a source of information on diseases and their treatments. However, little is known about the quality of the sarcoma-related information ChatGPT provides. We therefore aimed at analyzing how sarcoma experts evaluate the quality of ChatGPT’s responses on sarcoma-related inquiries and assess the bot’s answers in specific evaluation metrics.MethodsThe ChatGPT responses to a sample of 25 sarcoma-related questions (5 definitions, 9 general questions, and 11 treatment-related inquiries) were evaluated by 3 independent sarcoma experts. Each response was compared with authoritative resources and international guidelines and graded on 5 different metrics using a 5-point Likert scale: completeness, misleadingness, accuracy, being up-to-date, and appropriateness. This resulted in maximum 25 and minimum 5 points per answer, with higher scores indicating a higher response quality. Scores ≥21 points were rated as very good, between 16 and 20 as good, while scores ≤15 points were classified as poor (11–15) and very poor (≤10).ResultsThe median score that ChatGPT’s answers achieved was 18.3 points (IQR, i.e., Inter-Quartile Range, 12.3–20.3 points). Six answers were classified as very good, 9 as good, while 5 answers each were rated as poor and very poor. The best scores were documented in the evaluation of how appropriate the response was for patients (median, 3.7 points; IQR, 2.5–4.2 points), which were significantly higher compared to the accuracy scores (median, 3.3 points; IQR, 2.0–4.2 points; p = 0.035). ChatGPT fared considerably worse with treatment-related questions, with only 45% of its responses classified as good or very good, compared to general questions (78% of responses good/very good) and definitions (60% of responses good/very good).DiscussionThe answers ChatGPT provided on a rare disease, such as sarcoma, were found to be of very inconsistent quality, with some answers being classified as very good and others as very poor. Sarcoma physicians should be aware of the risks of misinformation that ChatGPT poses and advise their patients accordingly.
Occupational accidents in Slovak Military Forests and Estates: incidence, timing, and trends over 10 years
Authors: Allman Michal , Dudáková Zuzana , Jankovský Martin 
Published: March 2024

IntroductionForestry provides a wide range of employment opportunities worldwide and is seen as one of the high-risk industries in terms of occupational accidents.ObjectivesThe submitted study analyzed the injury rate in the Military Forests and Estates of the Slovak Republic (62.6 thousand ha) between 2013 and 2022.MethodsThe data analyses included regression and correlation analyses, χ2 tests to analyze the relationships between studied variables, and incidence rates.ResultsDuring the observed period, employees suffered 26 occupational accidents, of which 19.2% were light, 57.7% were registered, 23.1% were severe, and 0% were fatal. For every 1 million m3 of harvested timber, 7.7 accidents occurred. The incidence rate during the observed period was 672.1/100,000 employees. The highest proportion of accidents was in the age group 51–60  years and in employees with the lowest length of work experience &lt;5  years. Regarding time, the highest proportion of occupational accidents occurred between 8:01 and 10:00  AM (53.8%) and day-wise on Thursdays (46.2%). The highest proportion of accidents occurred among forest workers (65.3%) during pruning and silviculture activities (42.3%). The most common injury site was forest stands (65.3%). Superficial injuries (34.6%) were the most common, mainly affecting the lower limbs (50%). The most frequent material agents causing the accidents were work and transport areas as sources of worker fall (38.5%), and the most frequent reason for an accident to occur was the lack of personal requirements for proper work performance (92.4%), whereas only (3.8%) of accidents occurred due to the use of forbidden or hazardous working procedures.ConclusionThe presented study identified the most vulnerable worker groups and provided an overview of the overall injury rate at the state forest company in Slovakia. The documentation can be incorporated into the safety strategies of forest enterprises.
Pharmacokinetic of two oral doses of a 1:20 THC:CBD cannabis herbal extract in cats
Authors: Lyons Chloe , McEwan Katelyn , Munn-Patterson Meara , Vuong Stephanie , Alcorn Jane , Chicoine Alan 
Published: March 2024

ObjectiveTo determine the pharmacokinetics (PK) of two oral doses of a Cannabis herbal extract (CHE) containing 1:20 THC:CBD in 12 healthy Domestic Shorthair cats.MethodsSingle-dose PK were assessed after oral administration of CHE at low or high dose (2 mg CBD + 0.1 mg THC, or 5 mg CBD + 0.25 mg THC per kg bw, respectively; n = 6 per group) in fasting cats. Blood samples were drawn up to 48 h following CHE administration. Plasma samples were analyzed for CBD, THC, and metabolites 6-OH-CBD, 7-OH-CBD, 11-OH-THC, and THC-COOH using a previously validated LC–MS/MS method.ResultsCBD and THC were quickly absorbed (mean Tmax of 2.4–2.9 h). Maximum plasma concentrations (Cmax) ranged from 36–511 ng/mL and 6.8–61 ng/mL for CBD and THC, respectively. Elimination was initially rapid for both CBD and THC, though a prolonged elimination phase was noted for CBD in some cats (T1/2 λ up to 26 h). Dose-adjusted Cmax and AUC0-last values were not statistically significantly different (p &gt; 0.05) between dose groups indicating CBD and THC concentrations increased in a manner proportional (linear) to the dose. Dose-adjusted THC Cmax and AUC0-last were significantly higher than the corresponding dose-adjusted CBD parameters (p &lt; 0.01). Low concentrations of the metabolite 6-OH-CBD were quantified but metabolites 7-OH-CBD, 11-OH-THC, and THC-COOH were not detected in any plasma samples. Inter-individual variance was notable. Salivation shortly after dosing was observed in two cats in the high dose group; these animals had substantially lower cannabinoid concentrations than other cats in this group. No adverse clinical signs (including vomiting, change in mentation or other neurological signs) were noted.Clinical significanceAlthough cats did not display adverse effects after administration of a single oral dose of 1:20 THC:CBD CHE formulation at 2 or 5 mg CBD/kg bw, observed plasma concentrations were highly variable but generally lower than in dogs receiving the same dose and formulation. Administration of CHE in the fasting state may not optimize CBD absorption, and oral dosing may be challenging when administering an oil-based CHE in some cats.