bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interrole conflict, family support and marital adjustment of employed mothers: A short term, longitudinal study
Authors: Macewen Karyl E. , Barling Julian 
Published: July 2007

AbstractPrevious research has found that employed mothers experience conflict between the roles of mother and employee, and that interrole conflict is negatively correlated with marital adjustment. Furthermore, research has shown that social support and personality hardiness moderate the interrole conflict/marital adjustment relationship. However, a longitudinal assessment of the effect of interrole conflict on marital adjustment has not been conducted, nor has the moderating role of social support and hardiness been considered within the same analysis. To address these two issues, the interrole conflict, family support, personality hardiness and marital adjustment of 51 employed mothers were assessed twice, three months apart. Using hierarchical regression analyses, interrole conflict and family support exerted main effects on marital adjustment at time 1, More importantly, a significant interrole conflict/family support interaction predicted change in marital adjustment over three months. High family support exerted a negative impact on marital adjustment when interrole conflict was high. The alternative hypothesis that initial levels of marital adjustment predict change in interrole conflict was tested but not supported.
Qualitative methodologies II: a brief guide to applying interpretative phenomenological analysis in musculoskeletal care
Authors: Hale Elizabeth D. , Treharne Gareth J. , Kitas George D. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractIn this paper, we conclude our two‐part series discussing how readers of Musculoskeletal Care might employ qualitative methods. In the first paper of the series, we focused upon some issues surrounding the distinctions and similarities between qualitative and quantitative approaches, and outlined the origins, typology and limitations of qualitative methods. We introduced one particular qualitative research process which readers may find useful: interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA). In this paper, we provide a guide to applying IPA via the design of an interview, a methodology with which it is particularly suited. We discuss some specific interview and interviewing processes and also some necessary ethical issues, including personal protection and participant well‐being. We also discuss how to proceed through analysis while considering questions about the generalizability, reliability, validity and application of results. Finally, we question the overall direction of qualitative research, which we hope will fuel debate among readers. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Intrinsic poroelasticity constants and a semilinear model
Authors: Cheng A. H.‐D. , Abousleiman Y. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis paper presents an intrinsic micromechanical model for poroelasticity that leads to an alternative set of material constants. In the intrinsic model, the deformations of the solid phase, the fluid phase, and the pore space are explicitly modeled, and porosity is considered as a primary variable. The averaging process distinguishes an external frame surface averaging and an internal phase volume averaging. The variational principle leads to a porosity equilibrium equation that defines the nonlinear deformation of pore volume. Three fundamental deformation modes with their intrinsic material constants are identified: the shape preserving volumetric deformation of the solid phase, the porosity change due to solid grain rearrangement, and the porosity change associated with the microanisotropy and microinhomogeneity of solid phase. The linearized model is fully consistent with the Biot theory of poroelasticity. A semilinear model considering only porosity deformation nonlinearity with linear material constant leads to a universal exponential strain hardening law. The theory is tested against laboratory data of sandstone. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Proteomics of human cerebrospinal fluid – the good, the bad, and the ugly
Authors: Zhang Jing 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe development of MALDI ESI in the late 1980s has revolutionized the biological sciences and facilitated the emergence of a new discipline called proteomics. Application of proteomics to human cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) has greatly hastened the advancement of characterizing the CSF proteome as well as revealing novel protein biomarkers that are diagnostic of various neurological diseases. While impressive progressions have been made in this field, it has become increasingly clear that proteomics results generated by various laboratories are highly variable. The underlying issues are vast, including limitations and complications with heterogeneity of patients/testing subjects, experimental design, sample processing, as well as current proteomics technology. Accordingly, this review not only summarizes the current status of characterization of the human CSF proteome and biomarker discovery for major neurodegenerative disorders, i.e., Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, but also addresses a few essential caveats involved in several steps of CSF proteomics that may contribute to the variable/contradicting results reported by different laboratories. The potential future directions of CSF proteomics are also discussed with this analysis.
THE HUPO Human Plasma Proteome Project
Authors: Omenn Gilbert S. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe Human Proteomics Organization (HUPO) Human Plasma Proteome Project (PPP) is a prominent example of the inherently collaborative nature of the overall community effort to characterize the proteome of humans in health and disease. The PPP Pilot Phase, called “Exploring the Human Plasma Proteome”, engaged 55 laboratories, four technical committees, and vendors and sponsors on an international scale. Among other outcomes, the PPP generated a Core Dataset of 3020 proteins identified with two or more peptides, fully accessible at EBI/PRIDE, ISB/PeptideAtlas, and University of Michigan websites, a rich resource for follow‐on analyses. The PPP provided extensive annotation, correlation of number of peptides with protein concentrations measured by immunoassay, an algorithm for choice of a representative protein for multiple proteins matching a given peptide, and independent analyses from the raw spectra. The next phase of the PPP will emphasize standardized procedures for specimen handling, potent new technology platforms for discovery and for targeted proteomics, and robust informatics efforts, including comparative analyses of other biofluids.
Validity of the postural control and balance for stroke test
Authors: Pyöriä Outi , Talvitie Ulla , Nyrkkö Hannu , Kautiainen Hannu , Pohjolainen Timo 
Published: July 2007

AbstractBackground and Purpose. To determine the construct and predictive validity and sensitivity of the sub‐scale items for postural changes, sitting balance and standing balance of the Postural Control and Balance for Stroke (PCBS) test over a 90‐day follow‐up.Method. In the initial phase of stroke the PCBS test scores were compared with values obtained for the Barthel Index (BI) and the four neuropsychological domains most widely studied in the literature: memory; language; visuo‐spatial functions; and visual inattention. The ability of the PCBS test at an early stage to predict functional status, as measured by the BI, and tendency to falls at 90 days after stroke was studied. The sensitivity of the PCBS test in evaluating postural control was studied by comparing the changes between the initial and 90 days' measures, and by examining the ability of the test to discriminate between healthy people and stroke patients. Forty stroke patients (aged 51–89 years), measured 7 and 90 days post‐stroke, and 35 healthy control subjects (aged 50–90 years) participated in the study.Results. Moderate correlations were found between the initial PCBS test and the BI (Spearman'sr= 0.56–0.79) and a negative correlation between the sum variables for visual inattention and postural changes (Spearman'sr= −0.39) and sitting balance (Spearman'sr= −0.55). The score for postural changes predicted functional capacity (p< 0.002) and standing balance predicted falls at the three‐month follow‐up (p< 0.007). The PCBS test proved to be sensitive to change: the median change in the PCBS test scores during the three‐month follow‐up was 6.06. The control subjects mostly obtained maximum scores, indicating that the PCBS test was able to discriminate between healthy individuals and those with stroke.Conclusions. The results confirm that the PCBS test has good construct validity, good ability to predict functional capacity and safe moving, and it is sensitive to changes in balance control after stroke. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optical, electrical and magnetic properties of transparent, n‐type conductive Zn0.90−xV0.10Alx O thin films elaborated from aerogel nanoparticles
Authors: Mir L. El , Ayadi Z. Ben , Saadoun M. , von Bardeleben H. J. , Djessas K , Zeinert A. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractVanadium–aluminium co‐doped ZnO thin films have been grown by rf‐magnetron sputtering of Zn0.90−x V0.10Alx O (x = 0.01 to 0.03) aerogel nanoparticles. Even though the films were deposited at room temperature they were of good crystal quality and showed c‐axis texturing normal to the film surface. The films are highly transparent in the visible with a transmittance higher than 90%. The highest conductivity of 5.103 Ω−1 cm−1 is obtained for 1% Al doping. The incorporation of V, a notoriously difficult dopant in ZnO, is confirmed by the observation of different absorption bands near 800 nm which we attribute to intracenter transitions of Zn substituted V2+. The magnetic properties of the aerogel particles have been studied by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. No evidence for a ferromagnetic phase is found contrary to theoretical predictions. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Optical and structural characteristics of tin oxide thin films deposited by filtered vacuum arc and spray pyrolysis
Authors: Çetinörgü E. , Gümüş C. , Goldsmith S. , Mansur F. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractTin oxide (SnO2) thin films were deposited on commercial microscope glass and UV fused silica substrates (UVFS) using spray pyrolysis and filtered vacuum arc deposition (FVAD) system. During deposition, the substrates temperature was kept at 400 °C. The structure and composition were determined using X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), respectively. The XRD patterns of SnO2 thin films deposited with the two systems on hot substrates were found to be polycrystalline. The average transmission of the films in the VIS was 80% to 85%. The film optical constants were determined by normal incidence transmission measurements. The refractive indices of FVA deposited films were in the range 2.11 to 2.0, and those of spray deposited ones were 1.97 to 1.93. The extinction coefficients of the deposited films were in the range 0.29 and 0.11 to approximately 0 for FVAD and spray pyrolysis, respectively, depending on wavelengths. The optical band gap, Eg, was determined from the dependence of the absorption coefficient on the photon energy at short wavelengths, and were 3.80 eV and 3.90 eV for spray pyrolysis and FVA deposited SnO2 thin films, respectively. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Electrical properties of individual gold nanowires arrayed in a porous anodic alumina template
Authors: Biswas K. , Qin Y. , DaSilva M. , Reifenberger R. , Sands T. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA procedure to fabricate a highly ordered electrodeposited nanowire array in a porous anodic alumina template with nanowires of uniform length and exposed tips for establishing low‐resistance ohmic contacts has been demonstrated. In this work, contacts to Au nanowire arrays have been investigated as a model system. The structural, topographical and electrical characteristics of the nanowire array have been studied using field emission scanning electron microscopy and conductive atomic force microscopy. Measurements showed that an electrical contact between the conducting AFM probe and the exposed Au nanowire tips was initiated only after a force of 14.4 ± 2 nN was applied. The I –V characteristics were linear up to the maximum applied current density of 1.5 × 1012 A/m2, and the resistivity of the individual Au nanowires in the template was estimated to be between 1.4 and 7 times the resistivity of large grained bulk Au. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Light controlled spin properties and radiative coupling of CdSe based quantum dots
Authors: Schmidt T. , Worschech L. , Scheibner M. , Slobodskyy T. , Schmidt G. , Molenkamp L. W. , Passow T. , Hommel D. , Forchel A. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe authors have studied the photoluminescence of large and small ensembles of CdSe based quantum dots (QDs) in magnetic fields for different polarizations and powers of the exciting laser light. By means of polarization spectroscopy the g factors and spin lifetimes were determined for semimagnetic CdMnSe QDs with nominal Mn contents of 0%, 1% and 2%. Also the corresponding exciton lifetimes were analyzed. A sign reversal of the QD exciton g factor was identified comparing the polarization of QD luminescence with 0% and 2% Mn. For small excitation powers QDs with 1% Mn have a vanishing small value of g. Interestingly, by ramping up the excitation power of the exciting laser the exciton g factor increases by up to a factor of 30. Different heating mechanism were identified by characteristic power dependencies. For low excitation powers indirect heating of the spin systems occurs whereas above a critical power direct heating due to photoexcited carriers dominates. It is also demonstrated that in CdMnSe QDs the circular polarization of the luminescence can be inverted solely controlled by the laser power. Applying mesa techniques, collective radiance of QDs is demonstrated. For that purpose the radiative lifetimes of QDs with such a density that there are many dots within an area proportional to the square of the optical wavelength were studied for different numbers of QDs removed from that area. A comparison of photoluminescence decay times obtained for non‐resonant and quasi‐resonant excitation conditions and different mesa sizes is given. Radiative coupling of QDs takes place at least on the order of 150 nm. This length is comparable to the dimensions of lithographically well definable nanostructures and may therefore provide a mechanism to couple discrete quantum objects on a large scale. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Effect of chemical treatment on the mechanical properties, water vapour permeability and sorption isotherms of gelatin‐based films
Authors: Carvalho R. A. , Grosso C. R. F. , Sobral P. J. A. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractProteins contain hydrophilic groups, which can bind to water molecules through hydrogen bridges, resulting in water vapour adsorption. An increase in the degree of cross‐linking can be a method to improve the cohesiveness force and functional properties of protein‐based films. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of chemical treatment of gelatin with formaldehyde and glyoxal on the mechanical properties, water vapour permeability (WVP) and water vapour sorption characteristics of gelatin‐based films. Films were produced using gelatin, with and without chemical treatment. The formaldehyde treatments caused a significant increase in the tensile strength and a reduction in the WVP of films. The Guggenheim‐Anderson‐De Boer and Halsey models could be used to model the sorption isotherms of films. It was observed that an increase in temperature produced a decrease in water sorption, and the chemical modifications did not affect the monolayer moisture content. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Paradigm lost, or is top-down forcing no longer significant in the Antarctic marine ecosystem?
Authors: Ainley David , Ballard Grant , Ackley Steve , Blight Louise K. , Eastman Joseph T. , Emslie Steven D. , Lescroël Amélie , Olmastroni Silvia , Townsend Susan E. , Tynan Cynthia T. , Wilson Peter , Woehler Eric 
Published: July 2007

AbstractInvestigations in recent years of the ecological structure and processes of the Southern Ocean have almost exclusively taken a bottom-up, forcing-by-physical-processes approach relating various species' population trends to climate change. Just 20 years ago, however, researchers focused on a broader set of hypotheses, in part formed around a paradigm positing interspecific interactions as central to structuring the ecosystem (forcing by biotic processes, top-down), and particularly on a “krill surplus” caused by the removal from the system of more than a million baleen whales. Since then, this latter idea has disappeared from favour with little debate. Moreover, it recently has been shown that concurrent with whaling there was a massive depletion of finfish in the Southern Ocean, a finding also ignored in deference to climate-related explanations of ecosystem change. We present two examples from the literature, one involving gelatinous organisms and the other involving penguins, in which climate has been used to explain species' population trends but which could better be explained by including species interactions in the modelling. We conclude by questioning the almost complete shift in paradigms that has occurred and discuss whether it is leading Southern Ocean marine ecological science in an instructive direction.
Intrathecal polymer-based interleukin-10 gene delivery for neuropathic pain
Authors: Milligan Erin D. , Soderquist Ryan G. , Malone Stephanie M. , Mahoney John H. , Hughes Travis S. , Langer Stephen J. , Sloane Evan M. , Maier Steven F. , Leinwand Leslie A. , Watkins Linda R. , Mahoney Melissa J. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractResearch on communication between glia and neurons has increased in the past decade. The onset of neuropathic pain, a major clinical problem that is not resolved by available therapeutics, involves activation of spinal cord glia through the release of proinflammatory cytokines in acute animal models of neuropathic pain. Here, we demonstrate for the first time that the spinal action of the proinflammatory cytokine, interleukin 1 (IL-1) is involved in maintaining persistent (2 months) allodynia induced by chronic-constriction injury (CCI). The anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 can suppress proinflammatory cytokines and spinal cord glial amplification of pain. Given that IL-1 is a key mediator of neuropathic pain, developing a clinically viable means of long-term delivery of IL-10 to the spinal cord is desirable. High doses of intrathecal IL-10-gene therapy using naked plasmid DNA (free pDNA-IL-10) is effective, but the dose required limits its potential clinical utility. Here we show that intrathecal gene therapy for neuropathic pain is improved sufficiently using two, distinct synthetic polymers, poly(lactic-co-glycolic) and polyethylenimine, that substantially lower doses of pDNA-IL-10 are effective. In conclusion, synthetic polymers used as i.t. gene-delivery systems are well-tolerated and improve the long-duration efficacy of pDNA-IL-10 gene therapy.
Bilateral Cochlear Implantation: An Evidence‐Based Medicine Evaluation
Authors: Murphy John , O'Donoghue Gerard 
Published: July 2007

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis: The aim of this study was to evaluate the extent and quality of evidence reported on the outcomes of bilateral cochlear implantation and thereby to inform opinion about future patient management.Study Design: Retrospective literature review.Methods: A detailed search of the medical literature was performed using the Medline, Embase, and CINAHL databases starting from the date of their conception. The quality of evidence in each article was assessed according to the categories of evidence as defined by the Oxford Centre for Evidence‐based Medicine, Levels of Evidence (May 2001).Results: A total of 37 studies were included; 28 (76%) investigated adult participants only, 7 (19%) investigated child participants, and 2 (5%) contained both groups. Of the studies presented, 9 (24%) studies contained level 2b evidence, 2 (6%) level 3b, 16 (43%) level 4, and 10 (27%) level 5 evidence. No studies were identified as representing evidence level 1. Adult bilateral recipients demonstrated an increase in sentence recognition of 21% correct over their first implanted ear (P < .001) and mean bilateral localization errors of 24° against a monaural error of 67° (P < .005).Conclusions: The available evidence indicates that bilateral cochlear implantation confers material benefits not achievable with unilateral implantation, specifically in terms of sound localization and understanding of speech in noise. Well‐designed prospective studies of sufficient size are now needed to precisely quantify these benefits, to validate outcome measures, especially in children, and to define the criteria for intervention.
Effects of Purinergic Stimulation on Ciliary Beat Frequency and Chloride Secretion in Sinusitis
Authors: Kim In‐Sang , Rhee Chae‐Seo , Lee Jun Ho , Heo Jeong‐Hwa , Park Jerry , Lee Chul Hee 
Published: July 2007

AbstractObjectives: We aimed to identify the functional abnormality of sinusitis‐affected mucosa by observing the responsiveness of the mucosa to purinergic stimulation after the onset of sinusitis and during the recovery period. We also aimed to identify possible beneficial effects of purinergic agonists on sinusitis.Methods: A rabbit sinusitis model was developed by blocking maxillary ostia. Sinus mucosae were harvested immediately and 1 and 4 weeks after reopening the ostia. We measured chloride secretion and ciliary beat frequencies responding to purinergic stimulation.Results: The increases of ciliary beat frequency by adenosine triphosphate (100 μmol/L) were 3.2% ± 8.5%, 7.9% ± 2.3%, and 12.2% ± 1.9% immediately after establishment of sinusitis and 1 week and 4 weeks after reopening of ostia, respectively. Chloride secretion stimulated by adenosine triphosphate also showed gradual increase during the recovery period. Grossly, the mucosae appeared to have normalized in 80% (4 of 5) after 4 weeks; however, functional and microscopic improvements were still incomplete.Conclusions: Mucosal functions, assessed by increase of ciliary activity and ion secretion by purinergic stimulation, and microscopic findings showed gradual but incomplete recovery after 4 weeks of recovery, in contrast to the gross normalization. Purinergic agonists may have beneficial effects on sinusitis by stimulating decreased ciliary motility and chloride secretion in sinusitis.
Life Threatening Hemorrhage From Osteoradionecrosis of the Ribs and Clavicle
Authors: Syed Mohammed Iqbal , Clark Louise J. , Adams Calum 
Published: July 2007

AbstractOsteoradionecrosis (ORN) is a familiar complication of radiotherapy. ORN of the clavicle and ribs is well documented after radiation therapy for breast and pulmonary malignancy. ORN of the clavicle after radiation therapy to the neck is very rare. We report the first case in which both clavicles and first ribs underwent ORN 14 years after neck irradiation and surgery for laryngeal malignancy. The presentation was atypical; erosion of the right internal mammary artery causing life‐threatening hemorrhage. Otolaryngologists should be aware that ORN can occur at an unusual site and can have an atypical presentation.