bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Natural cytotoxic reactivity of mouse lymphoid cells against syngeneic and allogeneic tumors. II. Characterization of effector cells
Authors: Herberman Ronald B. , Nunn Myrthel E. , Holden Howard T. , Lavrin David H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractStudies were performed to characterize the effector cells responsible for natural cytotoxicity of mouse lymphoid cells against a variety of syngeneic and allogeneic tumor lines. Since spleen cells from normal nude mice were found to be highly cytotoxic, they were used for most of these experiments. Only a small proportion of the reactivity was affected by treatment with anti‐θ serum plus complement. Macrophages did not appear to be responsible for the reactivity, since treatment with carbonyl iron/magnet or carrageenan did not affect the levels of cytotoxicity. The effector cells were non‐adherent, since passage over nylon columns resulted in a considerable increase in activity. The active cells did not have receptors for immunoglobulin or complement, since removal of cells with these receptors by columns or monolayers containing sheep erythrocyteantibody (EA) complexes or EA‐complement complexes did not remove activity. Antibody‐dependent cell‐mediated cytotoxicity appeared to be ruled out as the mechanism for natural cytotoxicity, since aggregated gamma globulin and a potent anti‐immunoglobulin reagent did not inhibit reactivity, and since no role for humoral factors could be demonstrated. The natural effector cell was found to be quite labile at 37° C, losing much of its activity after 4 h. Since no surface markers could be detected on the effector cells, and the mechanism for cytotoxicity appeared distinct from others previously described, it is proposed that the natural cytotoxicity against mouse tumor cells is mediated by a unique subpopulation of lymphoid cells, which are tentatively designated N‐cells.
Comparison of intracytoplasmic A particles and intracisternal A particles
Authors: Wivel Nelson A. , Smith Gilbert H. , Ozer Harvey L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIntracytoplasmic A particles and intracisternal A particles are associated with mouse tumors of various types, and both can coexist in the cytoplasm of the same cell. The designation of both as A particles is based on the recognition that they share morphological similarities. A comparison of purified isolates of these two particles reveals that the structural protein profiles are different, but that there is some antigenic crossreaction as demonstrated by immunodiffusion and complement fixation. This result does not appear to involve the major structural protein of intracisternal A particles, but may reflect the presence of common antigenic determinants located on minor proteins.
Restoration of specific immunity against SV40 tumor‐specific transplantation antigen to lymphoid cells from tumor‐bearing mice
Authors: Blasecki John W. , Tevethia Satvir S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSpecific cell‐mediated immunity to SV40 tumor‐specific transplantation antigen (TSTA) in BALB/c mice undergoing progressive tumorigenesis by syngeneic SV40‐transformed cells (VLM) was investigated in vivo using a tumor‐cell neutralization test. Specific cellular reactivity to SV40 TSTA was not detected in BALB/c mice bearing large tumors (10‐15 mm mean diameter) but was demonstrable after tumor excision. Specific cytotoxic reactivity against syngeneic SV40‐transformed cells in vivo could be restored to lymphoid cells from VLM tumor‐bearing mice either by culturing the lymphoid cells in vitro or by treating them with papain or trypsin. Enzyme‐treated lymphoid cells from MCA tumor‐bearing BALB/c mice had no cytotoxic reactivity against VLM cells. These studies suggest that tumor‐bearing hosts possess lymphocytes which are sensitized to the TSTA of the tumor but that the reactivity of these lymphocytes is blocked.
Spleen‐cell reactivity against transplanted neurogenic rat tumors induced by ethylnitrosourea: Uncovering of tumor specificity after removal of complement‐receptor‐bearing lymphocytes
Authors: Cornain Santoso , Carnaud Claude , Silverman David , Klein Eva , Rajewsky Manfred F. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSpleen cells from BDIX‐rats bearing either GVIAI‐tumor (a syngeneic mixed glioma) or NVI Ac‐tumor (a cloned syngeneic neurinoma of the peripheral nervous system) were cytotoxic to both tumor cells in vitro. However, the tumors displayed individually distinct antigenic specificities by in vivo rejection tests. Their in vitro cross‐reactivity disappeared when a particular subpopulation of the spleen cells was used. The procedure of lymphocyte purification included three consecutive steps: treatment with carbonyl iron and magnetism, passage through a nylon wool column, and finally removal of complement receptor‐bearing cells present in the colum‐excluded population. Cross‐reactivity between the syngeneic tumors persisted after the first two steps of lymphocyte purification. In contrast, specific cytotoxic reactions were observed against each individual tumor subsequent to the removal of the remaining C3 receptorpositive but surface Ig‐negative cells. While killer cells were present in normal spleen‐cell populations, these were almost completely eliminated by passage through the nylon wool column.
Carcinogenicity of methylated nitrosopiperidines
Authors: Lijinsky William , Taylor H. Wayne 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe carcinogenicity of nitrosopiperidine and five methylated derivatives was compared by feeding them to rats at equimolar concentrations in drinking water, at the rate of 20 ml per day, 5 days a week. The maximum treatment time was 50 weeks. Nitrosopiperidine, 2‐methyl‐, 3‐methyl‐ and 4‐methyl‐nitrosopiperidine induced tumors of the nasal turbinates or upper gastrointestinal tract in almost 100% of the animals. There was a significantly longer time to death from these tumors in the group treated with 2‐methylnitrosopiperidine and a number of hepatocellular carcinomas appeared in this longer lived group. Very few tumors of these sites were seen in rats treated with 2,6‐dimethyl‐ or 2,2,6,6‐tetramethyl‐nitrosopiperidine. It was concluded that blockage by methyl groups of one or more carbon atoms alpha to the nitroso function in nitrosopiperidine significantly reduces carcinogenic activity of the molecule.
Nuclear proteins of rat liver and of an aminoazo‐dye‐induced hepatoma
Authors: Fujitani Hideo , Holoubek Viktor 
Published: February 2007

AbstractNuclear proteins of rat liver and rat ascites hepatoma were fractionated by extraction in solutions of different salt concentration and analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The difference between the electrophorograms of the different fractions of nuclear proteins isolated from liver and from hepatoma was found in the bands which have the same electrophoretic mobility as the main proteins of informofers and are extracted from nuclei at salt concentrations which extract informofers. These changes in the electrophoretic patterns of proteins with the solubility and mobility of the proteins of informofers could be related to the defective processing of heterogeneous nuclear RNA in the hepatoma. In addition the identity of electrophorograms of nuclear proteins isolated from liver and from hepatoma and the identity of most bands in the electrophorrgrams of nuclear proteins which are soluble in 0.35 M NaCl and chromosomal proteins which are not soluble at this salt concentration support the notion that these nonhistone nuclear proteins which can be identified as the major bands in electrophorograms of chromosomal proteins are not the specific regulators of gene expression.
Evidence for two factors in sera of tumor‐immunized mice which induce specific lymphoid cell‐dependent cytotoxicity: IgG2 and a rapidly appearing factor not associated with IgG or IgM
Authors: Pollack Sylvia B. , Nelson Karen 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAs previously shown, sera from tumor‐bearing mice can induce specific antiserum‐dependent lymphoid cell‐mediated cytotoxicity (ADC) to syngeneic tumor cells in vitro. The ADC activity in such sera is now shown to be removed by adsorption of the sera to Sepharose‐linked rabbit anti‐mouse immunoglobulin or to goat anti‐mouse IgG2. Immunoglobulins recovered by elution from the affinity columns mediated ADC to the specific tumor cells. In addition, the eluted immunoglobulin passively “armed” normal lymph‐node cells in vivo so they were specifically cytotoxic when tested in vitro. Sera taken 48 h after inoculation of tumor or syngeneic tumor cells (before the appearance of palpable tumor) were also shown previously to induce lymphoid cell‐mediated cytotoxicity in vitro. This cytotoxic activity was not removed by adsorption of the sera to either anti‐IgG or anti‐IgM‐linked Sepharose. Thus both IgG and an early‐appearing serum component which is apparently neither IgG nor IgM can induce specific cell‐mediated cytotoxicity by non‐immune lymphoid cells in vitro.
A case/control study of the association between primary liver cancer and hepatitis b infection in senegal
Authors: Prince Alfred M. , Szmuness Wolf , Michon Jacqueline , Demaille Jacques , Diebolt Georgette , Linhard Jacques , Quenum Cyprien , Sankale Marc 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA case/control study has been carried out to determine by radioimmunoassay and passive hemagglutination techniques the prevalance of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and antibody (anti‐HBs) in patients with primary liver cancer (PLC) and age/sex‐matched hospital controls with cancers of other sites (OCC) and similarly matched controls without cancer (NCC). HBsAg was found in 61.2% of 165 cases of PLC as compared to 11.7% of 154 OCC and 11.3% of 328 NCC. The frequency of HBsAg in PLC patients was significantly higher (72.2%) in those with detectable alpha fetoprotein as compared to those without (40.3%). There was no difference in the frequency of HBsAg in PLC patients with and without accompanying cirrhosis. No significant difference in potential hepatitis exposure history was found in the three study groups.
Tumour metastasis in mice with reduced immune reactivity. III. Studies with three weakly antigenic tumours in thymectomized and/or sub‐lethally irradiated mice
Authors: Suurküla Mart , Boeryd Bernt 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA previous observation that increased spontaneous metastasis formation from the highly antigenic MCA‐induced sarcoma MCG101 occurred in immunosuppressed C57BL/6J mice prompted the present study to establish whether or not tumours capable of inducing only weak transplantation resistance would behave similarly. One MCA‐induced sarcoma, MCG12, one epidermoid carcinoma, EpCal in CBA mice and a spontaneous mammary carcinoma, MaCal in C3H mice, were transplanted into adult thymectomized and/or sub‐lethally irradiated mice at different intervals after irradiation. The effects of the treatments on the immunoreactivity were monitored in separate groups by determining the primary and secondary responses to SRBC and the survival of first set allogeneic skin grafts. The treatments resulted in a significantly increased incidence of mainly the lymph‐node metastases with MCG12 and of only the lung metastases with EpCal. No increase in metastases was noted with MaCal. Thymectomy potentiated the increase in metastases from MCG12 in irradiated mice but unexpectedly so only for a limited time after irradiation. Local growth of MCG12 and MaCal at the transplantation site was more rapid in females than in males. The changes in tumour growth and spread induced by the treatments varied with tumour‐host system, sex and time of transplantation after irradiation and did not conform well with any of the tested parameters of immunoreactivity. There was no close parallel between the effects of the treatments on growth and spread of the tumours.
Cellular immunity to transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder. III. Effects of hydrostatic pressure therapy
Authors: O'Toole Carol , Helmstein K. , Perlmann P. , Moberger G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe effects of hydrostatic pressure therapy on in vitro cellular cytotoxicity responses have been studied in 19 patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder (TCC). Cytotoxicity was quantitated against allogeneic targets in a microplate assay or by 51chromium isotope release. Two types of reactivity were detected, the most common being a differential cytotoxicity for targets derived from TCC, in either short‐term or long‐term tissue culture. This reaction is operationally termed “tumor‐specific”. Less frequently, a general cytotoxicity for targets of diverse histogenic origins was observed. For the present, this is termed “non‐specific”. Nine patients were tested before pressure therapy and of these only two gave a specific reaction and one a non‐specific reaction, while six were non‐reactive. Eighteen patients were tested at varying intervals after treatment and of these 11 gave a specific reaction and one a non‐specific effect, while six were non‐reactive. Three individuals who were non‐reactive prior to therapy had a specific reaction post therapy. Two who reacted specifically before therapy became non‐reactive after therapy. Two cases remained non‐reactive throughout and the single case which gave a non‐specific effect before therapy became non‐reactive post therapy. The results of serial in vitro testing for cytotoxicity are presented with individual case histories, tumor staging and grading and the clinical outcome of hydrostatic pressure therapy.
Immunotherapy and vaccination against cancer with non‐living BCG and cord factor (trehalose‐6,6′‐dimycolate)
Authors: Bekierkunst A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA vaccine containing non‐living BCG and living tumour cells prevented the growth of 106 tumour cells introduced distally into the skin of guinea‐pigs at the time of vaccination. A similar effect was achieved when living tumour cells of the vaccine were replaced by tumour cells pretreated with mitomycin C. The efficacy of the vaccine was significantly increased when cord factor was added to the vaccination mixture. The percentage of cures was about 88% (17 cases) in experiments in which the vaccine contained living tumour cells, 100% (10 cases) when mitomycin C‐treated cells were used. The significance and implications of the above findings are discussed.
Ultrastructural alterations and modifications of nuclear RNA of rat liver by the combined action of thioacetamide and aflatoxin
Authors: Reynier M. O. , Lafarge‐Frayssinet C. , Frayssinet C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWhen aflatoxin is administered to thioacetamide‐treated rats, the synthesis of nuclear RNA not only stops but the RNA that had accumulated in the nuclei by thioacetamide action disappears, probably by degradation “in situ” as none appears in the cytoplasm. Morphologically, the lesions provoked by aflatoxin add to those caused by thioacetamide. In the gigantic nucleoli that develop upon exposure to thioacetamide, aflatoxin provokes atypical segregations that result in the formation of larger and larger spaces in the nucleoli.
A study of the oncogenicity of adenovirus type 2 transformed rat embbyo cells
Authors: Harwood Lesley M. J. , Gallimore P. H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractRat embryo cells were transformed by adenovirus type 2 at different multiplicities of infection. The oncogenic potential of the resulting transformed lines varied considerably but a relationship was found to exist between transforming virus dose and oncogenicity of the resulting transformed lines. Possible reasons for the considerable variation in oncogenicity of the transformed lines are discussed, giving particular consideration to cellular antigenicity and recent molecular biology studies of adenovirus type 2 transformed cell lines.
Transformation of mouse cells after infection with ultraviolet irradiation‐inactivated herpes simplex virus type 2
Authors: Boyd Ann Lewis , Orme Thomas W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA transformed mouse cell line (H238) was obtained following the infection of 238 mouse cells with ultraviolet (UV) irradiation‐inactivated herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV‐2). The transformed cells produced tumors with a 100% incidence within 8 weeks in 6‐week‐old syngeneic BALB/c mice at an inoculum of 1 × 106. Indirect immunofluorescence (IF) tests revealed the presence of HSV antigens in the transformed cells. Antibodies to HSV‐2 were found in the sera of tumor‐bearing animals by neutralization and IF techniques. Neither HSV‐2 infectious virus nor viral antigens could be detected by the transfer of transformed‐cell DNA into permissive cells.
Antibody‐dependent cell‐mediated cytotoxicity for human monolayer target cells bearing blood group and transplantation antigens and for melanoma cells
Authors: Kodera Yoshihisa , Bean Michael A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA sensitive assay for antibody‐dependent cell‐mediated cytotoxicity (ADCMC) was developed utilizing serum from a patient with gestational choriocarcinoma and the 3H‐proline microcytotoxicity test for detection of destruction of monolayer target cells. Conditions for optimal expression of ADCMC were investigated using serum from this patient and skin fibroblasts from her husband and daughter as target cells with semi‐purified blood leukocytes from normal donors as effector cells. Factors critical for optimal expression of ADCMC in this assay are the selection of effector cell donors possessing high levels of activity in the presence of serum with known lymphocyte‐dependent antibody (LDA), the effector cell preparative technique, and incubation for up to 40 h. Tris‐NH4Cl lysis of red blood cells was found significantly to reduce effector cell activity. Under optimal conditions, the LDA titer of this patient's serum was >10−4. The sensitivity of the assay was confirmed by the detection of LDA activity of an anti‐blood‐group antibody at dilutions not demonstrating hemagglutination, and by the induction of ADCMC for blood group A antigen‐bearing target cells by normal sera of B and O blood groups. In a preliminary study of sera from 16 melanoma patients on the corresponding autologous tumor target cells, four had significant LDA. Further studies are under way to determine specificity, incidence, and relationship of LDA‐positive autologous sera to course of disease.
Leukocyte adherence inhibition and specific immunoreactivity in malignant melanoma
Authors: Halliday W. J. , Maluish Annette E. , Little J. H. , Davis N. C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe leukocyte adherence inhibition (LAI) test has been used to assess specific anti‐tumour immunoreactivity in 80 patients with malignant melanoma, 21 of whom had apparently been successfully treated by surgey, and 44 control subjects. Reaction with melanoma extracts in vitro enabled the activity of blood leukocytes to be detected by inhibition of their adherence to glass, while serum was tested for factors which modified this inhibition. Of the patients with tumours (ranging from primary melanoma in situ to advanced disseminated disease), 22/24 had active leukocytes and 50/58 had serum blocking factor; two of the sera, from patients with regressing tumours, were unblocking. After surgery with no clinical recurrence, leukocytes continued to be active except when tested several years after operation. Blocking factor rapidly disappeared in 16/20 patients tested, and in several patients examined serially the serum became unblocking. In three cases, persistence of serum blocking was followed by clinical diagnosis of metastases. Leukocyte activity was never detected in control subjects (0/10), many of whom had other kinds of tumours or skin lesions. Blocking activity in serum was found in only 3/38 controls with no history of melanoma (1 had a fibrosing cellular blue naevus and 2 had liver disease). Thus the LAI test correlated well with clinical and pathological findings, and shows great promise for the reliable, rapid and specific immunodiagnosis of malignant melanoma.
Retention of tritium during the binding of tritiated benzo(a)pyrene to DNA
Authors: Osborne M. R. , Thompson M. H. , King H. W. S. , Brookes P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractChemical conversion of generally tritiated benzo (a) pyrene to 6 and 1,6‐substituted derivatives resulted in 30% and 48% loss of tritium respectively. Metabolism of [3H], [14C]‐benzo (a) pyrene by rat liver microsomes yielded 3‐hydroxybenzo (a) pyrene with 30% loss of tritium, a mixture of quinones with 50% loss of tritium and three dihydrodiol metabolites which had retained all the tritium of the parent hydrocarbon. DNA isolated from mouse embryo cells which had been exposed to [3H], [14C]‐benzo (a)pyrene, and DNA with this hydrocarbon bound following in vitro rat liver microsomal incubation were degraded enzymically and the hydrocarbon‐deoxyribonucleoside products isolated. The tritium contents of the products obtained from both DNA samples were very close to those of the original double labelled benzo (a)pyrene. These results are inconsistent with a phenol or quinone intermediate being responsible for the reaction with DNA, but fully consistent with a diol epoxide intermediate as proposed by Sims et al. (1974).
Rejection of tumor cells in vitro: A T‐cell‐mediated reaction
Authors: Berczi I. , Sehon A. H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractCytotoxic lymphoblasts (LBC) were produced by the co‐cultivation of guinea‐pig lymphoid cells from the thymus, lymph nodes, spleen, bone marrow and blood with syngeneic methylcholanthrene‐induced sarcoma (MC‐D) cells. The cytotoxic reaction was inhibited by pretreatment of the lymphoid cell populations with a rabbit antiserum specific for guinea‐pig thymus‐derived (T) lymphocytes. Supernatants of LBC inhibited the migration of peritoneal exudate cells, but did not contain lymphotoxin or a skin reactive factor. It is concluded that the cytotoxic cells are of T‐cell origin.
Isozyme pattern of fructose diphosphate aldolase during hepatocarcinogenesis induced by 2‐acetylaminofluorene in rat liver
Authors: Silber Danuta , Checinska Ewa , Rabczynski Jerzy , Kochman Marian 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe biosynthesis of aldolase A and B subunits has been studied in rat liver during the administration of carcinogen AAFThe abbreviations used in this paper are: FDP — fructose‐1,6‐diphosphate; F‐1‐P — fructose‐1‐phosphate; AAF — 2‐acetylaminofluorenea
. Transition from a predominance of aldolase B to A was observed during carcinogenesis in rat liver. Changes in isozymic pattern and FDP to F‐1‐P cleavage activity ratio were observed before histological alterations typical of hepatoma could be detected. Our data support the hypothesis of dedifferentiation during hepatocarcinogenesis which in an early stage results in switching on of the gene for aldolase A with simultaneous continuation of biosynthesis of aldolase B within single cells.
Colcemid‐induced polyploidy and aneuploidy in normal and tumour cells in vitro
Authors: Stavrovskaya A. A. , Kopnin B. P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe frequency of colcemid‐induced genome mutations (aneuploidy and polyploidy) in normal and SV40‐transformed cultures of Djungarian hamster embryonic cells was studied. Genome mutations were easily induced by the drug in transformed but not in normal cultures. Elevation of colcemid concentration and prolongation of the incubation period did not substantially increase the frequency of genome mutations in normal cells. An attempt was made to study the causes of the differences in sensitivity to colcemid‐mutagenicity of normal and transformed cells. Transformed cells did not include more 3H‐colchicine than normal cells, and binding of the drug to cell homogenates was similar in both kinds of cultures. According to these data the higher sensitivity of transformed cells to colcemid is not connected either with increased permeability of the cell to the drug or with changes in its binding to tubulin.