bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Moderator Role of Perfectionism between Negative Life Events and Depressive Symptoms among Turkish Youth
Authors: Gençöz Tülİn , Dİnç Yasemin 
Published: December 2006

Background: This study examined the moderator role of perfectionism in the relationship between different domains of life events and depressive symptoms. Method: The participants were 210 undergraduate students. They were asked to complete the Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale, the Life Events Inventory for University Students and the Beck Depression Inventory. Results: Results supported the moderator role of both self-oriented and others-oriented perfectionism between the relationship of achievement-related life events and depressive symptoms. That is, the association between experiencing achievement-related life events and depressive symptoms was stronger for those who had high levels of self-oriented or others-oriented perfectionism. Although socially prescribed perfectionism did not moderate the relationship between life events and depressive symptoms, this dimension of perfectionism and both achievement-related and social life events were found to be significantly associated with depressive symptoms. Discussion: Particularly for the undergraduates who sethigh standards for themselves and/or for others, experiencing negative achievement-related life events may be crucial for the potential symptoms of depression.
Correlations among Socioeconomic and Family Factors and Academic, Behavioral, and Emotional Difficulties in Filipino Adolescents in Hawai'i
Authors: Guerrero Anthony P.S. , Hishinuma Earl S. , Andrade Naleen N. , Nishimura Stephanie T. , Cunanan Vanessa L. 
Published: December 2006

Background: Because of socioeconomic and acculturative challenges faced by immigrant families, Filipino adolescents in Hawai'i may be at risk for academic, behavioral and emotional difficulties. Aim: To determine, among Filipino adolescents in Hawai'i, whether measures of economic hardship and lower socioeconomic status (SES) correlate positively with poor school performance, aggressive behavior, substance use, anxiety, and depression; and whether family support and cultural identification correlate negatively with these difficulties. Methods: 216 Filipino adolescents from four public high schools in Hawai'i (1993–1994) were given surveys that assessed basic demographic information, measures of family support and other social variables, and measures of school performance, depression, anxiety, aggression and substance use. Results: In the total sample, low SES seemed to correlate with poor school performance and behavioral and emotional difficulties. In both the total sample and the sub-sample of adolescents with lower SES, family support was a universally strong protective factor. Learning genealogy was positively correlated with school performance, and speaking a language other than English was inversely correlated with substance use (in the whole sample) and depression (in the lower SES sub-sample). Conclusions: For Filipino adolescents (in both the whole and lower-SES samples), family support was an important protective factor against academic, behavioral and emotional difficulties. The role of cultural identification as a risk or protective factor among Filipino adolescents deserves further investigation.
Measuring Social Capital of Persons Residing in a Long-Term Psychiatric Institution
Authors: Song Li-Yu , Chang Ly-Yun , Lin Chih-Yuan , Shih Chaiw-Yi , Ping Lieh-Yung , Wang Nai-Yen 
Published: December 2006

Background: Most studies support the association between social capital and health. However, none of the studies to date has focused on persons with psychiatric disability, and these past studies have drawbacks in conceptual development and the use of operational variables of social capital. Aims: This study develops measures and examines patterns of social capital for persons with psychiatric disability. Methods: Subjects (n = 273) were selected from a long-term psychiatric institution in Taiwan, based on their level of functioning. The measures of social capital were designed at the individual level, and included social networks, reciprocal help (engagement) and level of seeking help (trust and mobilization). Data were collected through face-to-face interviews. Results: Factor analyses revealed a three-factor structure of social capital with 14 measures: bonding and reciprocity in the hospital, bonding and reciprocity within the ward, and network resources. Through cluster analyses, five patterns of social capital emerged among the consumers: large network and strong bonding, strong network and high bonding, ward network and bonding, ward network and low bonding, and low social capital. Based on the profile of each cluster, younger age, a history of drug abuse, shorter hospitalization and better social functioning seem to correlate with higher social capital. Conclusion: The results support the idea that social capital is a metaconstruct, and reveal that consumers have the ability to establish social capital. The measurement and level of social capital as well as its implications for the rehabilitation of consumers into community living are discussed.
Exploring the Ethnic Density Effect: A Qualitative Study of a London Electoral Ward
Authors: Whitley Rob , Prince Martin , McKenzie Kwame , Stewart Rob 
Published: December 2006

Background: The ethnic density effect describes a phenomenon whereby adverse mental health outcomes among individuals from ethnic minorities are greater in neighbourhoods where they comprise a smaller proportion of the population. Most previous studies of the ethnic density effect have been quantitative in design, and thus have only been able to speculate on some of the underlying mechanisms explaining this phenomenon. Aims: This paper attempts to remedy this deficit, using in-depth qualitative methodology to explore mechanisms underlying the ethnic density effect. Methods: We chose an inner-London electoral ward, Gospel Oak, with a relatively low proportion of ethnic minorities, as a case study. Thirty-two residents, eight of whom were from minority ethnic groups, participated in either focus groups or in-depth interviews. We also conducted participant observation and collected relevant quantitative data. Results: We found four principal overlapping mechanisms that may help to explain why minorities living in predominantly white electoral wards may have greater risk of adverse mental health outcomes. These were perceived exclusion from local networks, a need to rely on geographically dispersed culturally specific services and facilities, perceived risk of physical and psychological intimidation and damaging effects of everyday racism. Conclusions: These mechanisms are presented as a framework, grounded in a qualitative case study, which can be applied in future study. They may help to explain the causes behind the ethnic density effect on mental health although further research in other settings is necessary in order to test the framework's external validity.
Community pharmacy services to drug misusers in the south west of England: results of the 2003–2004 postal survey
Authors: Britton Rachel M , Scott Jenny 
Published: December 2006

Abstract

Objectives
To quantify current levels of methadone dispensing and supervised consumption for the treatment of drug misuse in community pharmacies in the south west of England. To compare 2003–2004 data to estimates made in 1995.

Setting
All community pharmacies in the strategic health authority areas of Avon, Gloucestershire and Wiltshire; Dorset and Somerset; and South West Peninsula (n = 903).

Method
A self-completion postal questionnaire was addressed to the ‘pharmacist in charge’, with up to three reminders. Descriptive data were collected on demography and drug misuse services provided by the pharmacist.

Key findings
An overall response rate of 78.3% (707/903) was achieved. Of all respondents, 69.2% (n = 489) dispensed methadone for the treatment of drug misuse, and 70.1% of these pharmacies (n = 343) reported providing a supervised methadone consumption service. The total number of clients receiving methadone through pharmacies in the south west was 3427, with a mean number of 7.0 clients per pharmacy; 49.5% of all clients receiving methadone had their daily doses supervised by the pharmacist. The majority of prescriptions issued for methadone (72.9%, n = 2503) were from general practice.

Conclusions
The majority of pharmacies (69.2%) in south west England dispense methadone and other drugs to drug misusers with just under half of the clients (49.5%) receiving their methadone by supervised consumption.
Statins and the interface between patient and community pharmacist
Authors: Chatterton Marie , Blenkinsopp Alison , Pollock Kristian 
Published: December 2006

Abstract

Objective
To elicit and compare patients' and pharmacists' views on their interactions during the dispensing of prescriptions for statins.

Method
Semi-structured interviews with 25 patients who were current or previous recipients of a statin on prescription, and 20 community pharmacists. Patient interviews explored their experiences of interacting with community pharmacists when first-time or repeat prescriptions were dispensed for statins. Pharmacist interview topics included roles that pharmacists currently perform in relation to patients receiving statins on prescription, and perceived responsibilities in relation to patients receiving prescribed statins.

Key findings
Most patients said they used the same pharmacy regularly to get their prescriptions dispensed. Despite this, few patients' accounts indicated a perceived relationship with the pharmacist. Most pharmacists reported that they routinely provided information about dosage and side-effects to patients receiving a statin on prescription for the first time. In contrast, patients rarely reported that they had received such information from a pharmacist. In relation to repeat prescriptions for statins, patients' and pharmacists' accounts were similar and indicated that pharmacists rarely initiate discussions about treatment. Pharmacists' explanation for this was that they assumed the patient would already have received all the information they needed from other health professionals, and that patients would ask if they had any further queries.

Conclusions
These findings indicate a gap between pharmacists' perceptions of their interactions with patients receiving a first-time prescription for a statin and patients' reported experience. Pharmacists may perceive that they provide more information than is actually the case. Pharmacists and patients agreed that when repeat prescriptions for statins are being dispensed there is little or no discussion about the medicine. Pharmacists need to consider how they might elicit patients' needs in a more systematic way.
Recommendations of community pharmacists for the treatment of sprains and strains
Authors: Braund Rhiannon , Bannerman Sarah L , Lim Canary , Moon Jane , Nicholls Justine , Straight Petra , Thompson Michele 
Published: December 2006

Abstract

Objective
To determine the recommendations that community pharmacists make when treating ankle sprains and strains, in particular regarding the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). The current debate about this issue is whether to initiate NSAIDs immediately post-injury, or withhold for the first 48 hours to allow inflammation to occur. The opposing viewpoints are that ‘inflammation is a barrier to healing’ and that ‘inflammation is vital for healing’

Method
In August 2005, a structured questionnaire was mailed to 493 community pharmacies throughout New Zealand and addressed to the pharmacist. Questions covered the advice and interventions (both pharmacological and non-pharmacological) that would be given to a patient presenting with a strain or sprain, beliefs about different analgesics and their role in treatment, and information relating to their postgraduate qualifications and prevalence of sprains and strain seen in their pharmacy.

Key findings
The response rate was 46.5% (229), the mean number of sprains reported in a month was nine. Ninety-six per cent (219) of pharmacists recommended RICE (rest, ice, compression, elevation) as the mainstay of treatment in these types of injuries, and analgesics were recommended frequently, 89% (201). Almost half, 46% (104) of the pharmacists thought that NSAIDs should be withheld for 24–48 h post-injury, and almost half, 46% (104) did not; the remainder, 8% (17) were unsure.

Conclusion
Current evidence is moving away from using NSAIDs immediately post-injury to treat strains and sprains. While many pharmacists are aware of this, there are still others who are either unaware of this new research or who disagree. Most pharmacists were treating these injuries well, but pharmacists need to be aware of current recommendations to make sure that they follow ‘best practice’ and minimise further harm to their patients.
Usage of antimicrobial agents in a private primary healthcare setting in South Africa
Authors: Katende-Kyenda N L , Lubbe M S , Serfontein J H P , Truter I 
Published: December 2006

Abstract

Objective
The aim of this study was to investigate the prescribing of antimicrobials in a private primary healthcare setting in South Africa.

Setting
A group of private primary healthcare clinics in South Africa.

Method
A retrospective, drug utilisation study was conducted on nine clinics that were randomly selected from 33 clinics situated in different geographical areas of South Africa, and whose data were electronically available. Data were obtained from the central database of the private primary healthcare provider and extracted for the period January 1, to December 31, 2001.

Key findings
The study population consisted of the total patient population (n = 83 655) who visited the clinics during this one-year period. The total number of medicine items prescribed was 515 976 at a total cost of R1 716 319 ($17 163). Of these, antimicrobials represented 18.69% (n = 96 421) of all medicine items prescribed at a cost of R1 045 108 ($10 451) (60.89%). Antimicrobials were prescribed during 72.72% of consultations at the nine clinics during the one-year period. The antimicrobials most frequently prescribed were penicillins (38.17%) followed by sulphonamides (22.49%), antiprotozoals (9.88%) and tetracyclines (9.34%). The most common diagnoses for which antimicrobials were prescribed were viral influenza, upper respiratory tract infections, hypertension, acute bronchitis, and common cold.

Conclusions
The high percentage of antimicrobial prescribing obtained in this study could indicate excessive use of antimicrobials in the private primary healthcare setting. The prescribing of antimicrobials in respiratory tract infections could indicate overuse and inappropriate use of these agents. This could have an effect on the health of the patients needing care, and the general budget for healthcare services. It is recommended that further investigations on the prescribing protocols of antimicrobial usage be done.
Prescribing of tricyclic antidepressant drugs in a South African primary care patient population
Authors: Truter Ilse , Van W Kotze Theunis J 
Published: December 2006

Abstract

Objective
The primary aim of the study was to determine the prescribing patterns of tricyclic anti-depressants (TCAs) in two private primary care patient populations in South Africa, with specific emphasis on the dosages in which TCAs were prescribed.

Setting
Patients who are members of a private medical aid scheme in South Africa.

Method
A retrospective drug utilisation study was conducted. TCA prescription data for 1996 (1982 patients) and 2002/2003 (2345 patients) were analysed.

Key findings
The average ages of the two patient populations were 52.99 (standard deviation (SD) = 16.02) years (1996 group) and 42.66 (SD =16.48) years (2002/2003 group). In 1996, 67.41% of patients were female, and 57.53% in 2002/2003. A total number of 11 074 prescriptions (1996) and 9888 prescriptions (2002/2003) for TCAs were prescribed. Amitriptyline, dothiepin and imipramine together accounted for 69.57% of all TCA prescriptions during 1996, while they accounted for 91.64% of TCA prescriptions during 2002/2003. Average prescribed daily doses (PDDs) were calculated, and were in all cases (except for lofepramine in 1996) considerably lower than their respective defined daily doses (DDDs). The average PDD for amitriptyline was 46.59 mg (1996) and 37.51 mg (2002/2003) (DDD =75 mg), for dothiepin 70.77 mg (1996) and 56.99 mg (2002/2003) (DDD = 100 mg) and for imipramine 50.85 mg (1996) and 48.02 mg (2002/2003) (DDD =100 mg). It is possible that TCAs may be prescribed in doses that are too low for optimal therapeutic effect in depression. In this study, 78.79% (1996) and 85.92% (2002/2003) of all TCA prescriptions were prescribed at doses lower than their respective DDDs.

Conclusion
The findings are in agreement with findings of at least two other studies that have been conducted in different South African patient settings. TCAs remain an important therapeutic class, and more studies linking dosages to age groups and specific diagnoses are recommended.
BSSE-corrected Three-body Interaction Energy in the Recognition of GC Base Pair by Asparagine
Authors: Yoshida Tomoki , Aida Misako 
Published: December 2006

Abstract
We investigate the total binding energy and many-body components in the recognition of guanine (G)–cytosine (C) base pair by asparagine residue (N). There are two possible bridged recognition structures for GCN trimers; one is in the major groove and the other is in the minor groove. The hydrogen-bonding pattern is the same for both trimers, while the binding energies and the components are significantly different. Three-body interaction energy depends on the binding site of N on GC pair. The difference in the relative direction between the dipole moments of GC base pair and N may partly account for the difference in the two-body interaction energies of the trimers.
Ellipsoidal Carbon Capsules Encapsulated Magnetite Nanorods
Authors: Hao Ling-Yun , Xuan Shou-Hu , Gong Xing-Long , Gu Rui , Jiang Wan-Quan , Chen Zu-Yao 
Published: December 2006

Abstract
A novel ellipsoidal carbon capsules, with submicrometer sizeed Fe3O4 nanorods inside, were fabricated by in situ carbonization–reduction process from sandwich α-Fe2O3@Air@polypyrrole ellipsoidal spheres in vacuum at 823 K.
Enhanced Photocatalytic Activities of Core–Shell Au–Titanate Nanoparticles
Authors: Hayakawa Tomokatsu , Hori Mamiko , Pagnoux C , Baumard J F , Nogami Masayuki 
Published: December 2006

Abstract
Recently, a new method to produce Au nanoparticles (Au-NPs) by in situ reduction of a Au salt using 4,5-dihydroxy-1,3-benzenedisulfonic acid disodium salt (Tiron) in water was reported. The Au-NPs of 8 nm in the typical average size were adsorbed by ionized Tiron and were dispersed in sol by electrical repulsive force. By addition of titanium butoxide, titanium hydroxide was coated onto Au-NPs via ionized Tiron and, the core–shell particles of Au@titanate were successfully created. Such nanocomposites had high photocatalytic effects for the decomposition of Methylene Blue.
Readily Regenerative and Air-stable Palladium(0) Catalyst with Tris[2-(diphenylphosphino)ethyl]phosphine Tetrasulfide for C–C Coupling Reactions
Authors: Aizawa Sen-ichi , Tamai Mitsuyoshi , Sakuma Mai , Kubo Asari 
Published: December 2006

Abstract
The novel air-stable Pd0 complex, [Pd(pp3S4)(dba)] (pp3S4 = tris[2-(diphenylphosphino)ethyl]phosphine tetrasulfide, dba = dibenzylideneacetone) was prepared as a C–C coupling catalyst. This is regenerative from the Pd0 complex with the partially oxidized pp3S4 ligand by the chalcogen-atom substitution reaction catalyzed by Pd0 and applicable to the recyclable Pd0 catalytic system.
Bioelectrocatalytic Reduction of O2 Catalyzed by CueO from Escherichia coli Adsorbed on a Highly Oriented Pyrolytic Graphite Electrode
Authors: Miura Yuko , Tsujimura Seiya , Kamitaka Yuji , Kurose Shinji , Kataoka Kunishige , Sakurai Takeshi , Kano Kenji 
Published: December 2006

Abstract
CueO from Escherichia coli, a member of the multi-copper oxidase (MCO) family, was examined as a direct electron transfer-type bioelectrocatalyst for the four-electron reduction of O2. Although CueO requires the fifth copper located near the type I Cu site to exhibit its oxidase activity (Roberts et al., 2003), it has been found that CueO receives electrons directly from electrodes even in the absence of the fifth copper. The fact indicates that electrons are transferred directly from electrodes to the type I Cu site. Furthermore, the catalytic current density of as large as about −4 mA cm−2 was successfully observed with a rotating pyrolytic graphite electrode at pH 5. CueO is found to be superior to other MCOs in view of the catalytic activity and is an important candidate as a catalyst of the cathode in biofuel cells.
Consequence of a Defect on the Terahertz Spectra of l-Asparagine Monohydrate
Authors: Nishizawa Jun-ichi , Tanno Takenori , Yoshida Takashi , Suto Ken 
Published: December 2006

Abstract
We measured the terahertz vibrational spectra of a solid solution of l-asparagine and l-aspartic acid monohydrate at 0.5 to 6.0 THz using a GaP Raman THz spectrometer. The absorption peaks at below 2.5 THz clearly showed intensity changes reflecting the change in hydrogen bonding between molecules. The peaks in the higher frequency region were indirectly affected by intermolecular bonding, which resulted in broadening.
Selective Visual Determination of Vanadium(V) Ion in Highly Acidic Solution Using Desferrioxamine B Immobilization Cellulose
Authors: Takagai Yoshitaka , Yamaguchi Hitoshi , Kubota Toshio , Igarashi Shukuro 
Published: December 2006

Abstract
The vanadium ion in a strong acidic aqueous solution was visually detected and determined without pretreatment. This is achieved by chemically immobilizing the desferrioxamine B (DFB) on cellulose paper. The color of the cellulose paper selectively changes to purple. Though DFB is known to form several colored complexes, the vanadium complex could be selectively detected using the overlap of the color tone between the complexes and background, and/or using EDTA.
Efficient Synthesis of Amylbenzenes over Zeolite Catalysts
Authors: Zhang Huanyan , Liu Yueming , Wu Haihong , Jiang Yongwen , He Mingyuan , Wu Peng 
Published: December 2006

Abstract
The liquid-phase heterogeneous alkylation of benzene with 2-methyl-2-butene takes place actively and selectively over large-pore zeolite catalysts, which implies an environmentally friendly route for the synthesis of tert-amylbenzene.
Effect of Arginine at Type 2 Cu Site on Spectroscopic Features and Enzymatic Activity of Copper-containing Nitrite Reductase
Authors: Yamaguchi Kazuya , Tsuda Aiko , Nojiri Masaki , Suzuki Shinnichiro 
Published: December 2006

Abstract
Spectroscopic features and enzymatic activity of H135R nitrite reductase mutant, in which a His ligand at the type 2 copper site is replaced with Arg, have been investigated to get information on unique nitrite reductases having one Arg at the type 2 copper site. Although the substitution of Arg for His slightly perturbed the structure of copper sites, the enzymatic activity was considerably lower than that of wild-type enzyme.
Self-assembled Gold Nanoparticle Chains in Presence of Silver Ions
Authors: Sun Lanlan , Song Yonghai , Wei Gang , Wang Li , Guo Cunlan , Sun Yujing , Li Zhuang 
Published: December 2006

Abstract
A simple method has been developed to assemble gold nanoparticles to generate 1D assemblies by the assistance of silver ions. The lengths of nanoparticle chains can be controlled by adjusting the content of silver ions in the system. The assembly procedure of gold nanoparticles chains requires no template. The gold nanoparticle chains were characterized using TEM and XPS techniques.