bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Penetration and insecticidal activity of diflubenzuron in Tenebrio molitor pupae
Authors: Soltani Noureddine , Delbecque Jean‐Paul , Delachambre Jean 
Published: November 2006

AbstractDiflubenzuron was found to be effective on the pupae of Tenebrio molitor L. (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae) when applied topically, by dipping, or by injection. Death occurred before or at adult ecdysis, or during the first few days after emergence. Its effectiveness decreases with increasing age of the pupa. Diflubenzuron delays adult ecdysis and decreases the longevity of normally ecdysed adults.After diflubenzuron had been applied topically or by dipping, the compound was determined, on the pupal cuticle, in the body and on the rearing tray, by highperformance liquid chromatography. The results showed that diflubenzuron penetrated rapidly into the body and was not degraded during the pupal life. The level of incorporation of the insecticide, in dipping experiments on pupae at the same stage, varied from one individual to another. Moreover, the mean amount of insecticide incorporated was lower after dipping of older pupae than of younger pupae. It is suggested that the lower efficacy of diflubenzuron on older pupae may be caused by the decrease both in the permeability of the cuticle and in the sensitivity of the target cells.
Diastereomer‐selective resistance in Cladosporium cucumerinum to triazole‐type fungicides
Authors: Fuchs Adriaan , De Vries Frits W. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractDiastereomers of triazole‐type fungicides behaved differently with respect to their fungitoxicity towards wild‐type strains of Cladosporium cucumerinum and strains resistant to ergosterol biosynthesis inhibitors. With increasing resistance to the fungicide ‘as a whole’, the difference in resistance to the two diastereomers of triadimenol became progressively smaller, whereas for the other triazole derivatives, this difference became progressively larger. The possible consequences of such phenomena for the practical use of diastereomeric fungicides are discussed.
Action of fungicidal triazoles of the diclobutrazol series on ustilago maydis
Authors: Baldwin Brian C. , Wiggins Thomas E. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractDiclobutrazol [(2RS, 3RS)‐1‐(2, 4‐dichlorophenyl)‐4, 4‐dimethyl‐2‐(1,2, 4‐triazol‐1‐yl)pentan‐3‐ol] decreased the rate of growth of Ustilago maydis during the log phase. Marked changes in sterol composition were observed with a decrease in ergosterol and an increase in methyl‐sterols, indicating a block in the removal of the 14‐methyl group. The inhibition was of rapid onset (<4 h). Changes in other lipid constituents were minor and there was no build up of unsaturated fatty acids. The fungicidal activity resides in the (2R, 3R)‐isomer, which is known to be more potent in blocking a yeast 14‐demethylase enzyme than the (2S, 3S)‐isomer. This relationship held in the 4‐chlorophenyl homologues, which as a group were less fungicidal and less potent inhibitors than the 2, 4‐dichlorophenyl compounds. The evidence presented indicates that the primary lesion caused by the fungicide was a build up of membrane sterols containing extra methyl groups; this, in combination with a loss of ergosterol, is believed to prevent proper membrane ordering and thus to cause a loss of membrane function.
Structure‐activity relationships in a group of imidazole‐1‐carboxamides
Authors: Copping Leonard G. , Birchmore Richard J. , Wright Kenneth , Godson David H. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractDetailed structure‐activity studies in a series of substituted imidazole‐1‐carboxamides culminated in the synthesis of N‐alkyl‐N‐phenoxyalkyl substituted compounds and, eventually, prochloraz, a compound shown to give excellent broad‐spectrum disease control in cereals. Subsequently, evidence was obtained which suggests that its mode of action is through the inhibition of ergosterol biosynthesis or, more specifically, through inhibition of sterol C‐14 demethylation.
Positive width function and energy indeterminacies in ammonia molecule
Authors: Douvropoulos Theodosios G. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractA recently published methodology based on the semiclassical path integral theory was applied in a double well structure and gave the analytic form of the system's Green's function. This type of potential can describe the ammonia molecule as far as the motion of the nitrogen atom perpendicular to the hydrogen plane is discussed. Because of the fact that a double well describes a bound system and correspondingly stationary states (constructed by the symmetric and antisymmetric superposition of the eigenstates of the two unperturbed wells), it was expected that the energy spectrum would be real, in a form of doublets due to the splitting effect that takes place. However, the result was a pair of complex poles, which had a clearly positive imaginary part for each member. The present work explains the role of the imaginary parts of the complex poles as the decay rate of quantities defined as the energy indeterminacies, which are directly related to the fact that energy is not well determined in a classically forbidden region of motion. These quantities come as a function of (dκ)/dE, which is the derivative of the classical action inside the potential barrier, with respect to energy. The major contribution comes from the turning points, and then the imaginary parts are responsible, not only for the conservation of energy, but for the correct sign of time as well. In this way, a different approach for the tunneling process is adopted, in which the entry or exit of the particle from the potential barrier takes place inside a neighborhood of the turning point, as though the latter was broadened and fluctuating. The magnitude of the previously mentioned decay rate is equal to ω/π, where ω is the frequency of the classical oscillations inside one well. In contrast, the inversion frequency is generated by the part of the complex pole that is unrelated to (dκ)/dE and is much smaller in magnitude than the classical frequency, since it is given as ω/π exp(−κ). In this way, the period of the energy fluctuations is much smaller than the internal period of the system produced by the oscillating communication of the two classically allowed regions of motion. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2007
Sm2Se5O13: A Selenite–Diselenite according to Sm2(SeO3)(Se2O5)2
Authors: Wickleder Mathias S. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractPale yellow single crystals of Sm2(SeO3)(Se2O5)2 (monoclinic, P21/c, Z = 4, a = 1003.6(2), b = 1022.5(2), c = 1287.3(2) pm, β = 112.3(2)°) were obtained from the reaction of Sm2O3 and SeO2 at 350 °C in a sealed glass ampoule. In the crystal structure both Se2O52− and SeO32− groups connect the Sm3+ ions into layers. Between the layers the lone electron pairs of the anions are located.
Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Magnetic Properties of Na3OsO5
Authors: Mogare Kailash M. , Klein Wilhelm , Schilder Helmut , Lueken Heiko , Jansen Martin 
Published: November 2006

AbstractNa3OsO5 has been synthesized by solid state reaction of Na2O2 and osmium powder under a flow of oxygen. Na3OsO5 crystallizes trigonal in space group P3121 with a = 5.5529(2) Å, c = 13.4726(8) Å, V = 359.77(3) Å3, Z = 3, 958 independent reflections, R1 = 1,97 %, wR2 = 4.27 %. The crystal structure consists of OsO5 trigonal bipyramids separated by sodium cations, and is isostructural to Na3ReO5. The osmium atoms adopt a packing analogous to ccp, where Na occupies the octahedral and tetrahedral vacancies, so the cation structure is derived from the Li3Bi structure type. Features of the synthesis of Na3OsO5 and related osmates are discussed. Na3OsO5 shows paramagnetic behaviour down to 25 K where it orders antiferromagnetically. Below 7 K a weak ferromagnetic contribution is detected. The paramagnetic region of the 5d1 system has been successfully described in the temperature range 50 – 330 K accounting for strong spin‐orbit coupling, ligand‐field potential of D3h symmetry (corresponding to the trigonal bipyramidal $\rm OsO^{3-}_{5}$ unit), and cooperative magnetic effects (molecular field parameter λMF).
Mechanism of linoleic acid hydroperoxide reaction with alkali
Authors: Gardner Harold W. , Simpson Thomas D. , Hamberg Mats 
Published: November 2006

AbstractTreatment of (13S,9Z,11E)‐13‐hydroperoxy‐9,11‐octadecadienoic acid (13S‐HPODE) with strong alkali resulted in the formation of about 75% of the corresponding hydroxy acid, (13S,9Z,11E)‐13‐hydroxyl‐9,11‐octadecadienoic acid (13S‐HPODE), and the remaining 25% of products was a mixture of several oxidized fatty acids, the majority of which was formed from (9Z,11R,S,12S,R)‐13‐oxo‐11, 12‐epoxy‐9‐octadecenoic acid by Favorskii rearrangement (Gardner, H.W.,et al. (1993)Lipids 28, 487–495). In the present work, isotope experiments were completed in order to get further information about the initial steps of the alkali‐promoted decomposition of 13S‐HPODE.1. Reaction of [hydroperoxy‐18O2]13S‐HPODE with 5 M KOH resulted in the formation of [hydroxy‐18O]13S‐HPODE and [epoxy‐18O](9Z,11R,S,12S,R)‐13‐oxo‐11, 12‐epoxy‐9‐octadecenoic acid;2. treatment of a mixture of [U‐14C]13S‐HPODE and [hydroperoxy‐18O2]13S‐HPODE with KOH and analysis of the reaction product by radio‐TLC showed that 13S‐HPODE was stable under the reaction conditions and did not serve as precursor of other products;3. reaction of a mixture of [U‐14C]13‐oxo‐9,11‐octadecadienoic acid (13‐OODE) and [hydroperoxy‐18O2]13S‐HPODE with KOH resulted in the formation of [U‐14C‐epoxy‐18O](9Z,11R,S,12S,R)‐13‐oxo‐11,12‐epoxy‐9‐octadecenoic acid;4. treatment of a mixture of [hydroperoxy‐18O2] 13S‐HPODE and [carboxyl‐18O1]13S‐HPODE with KOH afforded (9Z,11R,S,12S,R)‐13‐oxo‐11,12‐epoxy‐9‐octadecenoic acid having an18O‐labeling pattern which was in agreement with its formation by intermolecular epoxidation. It was concluded that (9Z,11R,S,12S,R)‐13‐oxo‐11, 12‐epoxy‐9‐octadecenoic acid is formed from 13S‐HPODE by a sequence involving initial dehydration into the α,β‐unsaturated ketone, 13‐OODE, followed by epoxidation of the Δ11 double bond of this compound by the peroxyl anion of a second molecule of 13S‐HPODE. Rapid conversion of hydroperoxides by alkali appreared to require the presence of an α,β‐unsaturated ketone intermediate as an oxygen acceptor. This was supported by experiments with a saturated hydroperoxide, methyl 12‐hydroperoxyoctadecanoate, which was found to be much more resistant to alkali‐promoted conversion than 13S‐HPODE.
Dietary sunflower oil reduces plasma and liver triacylglycerols in fasting rats and is associated with decreased liver microsomal phosphatidate phosphohydrolase activity
Authors: Frémont Lucie , Gozzelino Marie‐Thérèse 
Published: November 2006

AbstractPlasma and liver lipids were studied in male weanling rats fed diets containing moderate levels of fat (6% by weight) as sunflower oil (SF diet, rich in linoleic acid), salmon oil (SM diet, rich in long‐chain n‐3 fatty acids), or a blend of peanut and rapeseed oil (PR diet, rich in oleic acid). After nine weeks of feeding, the fasting plasma cholesterol concentrations were 49 and 24% lower in groups SM and SF, respectively, as compared to group PR. Both dietary salmon oil and sunflower oil lowered the tricylglycerol concentration of plasma and liver but, unexpectedly, the response was higher with sunflower oil. Indeed, in group SM the values were 15 and 30% lower in plasma and liver, whereas in group SF, they were 24 and 53% lower, respectively. As compared to group PR, liver triacylglycerols and microsomes contained 2.5‐ and 2.3‐fold less oleic acid, respectively, in group SF, and they were 9.2‐ and 3.2‐fold enriched in n‐3 fatty acids, respectively, in group SM. The liver triacylglycerol concentrations were correlated with changes in the microsomal Mg2+‐dependent phosphatidate phosphohydrolase activity (r=0.47,P<0.01). As oleic acid, unlike long‐chain n‐3 fatty acids, is considered to promote the triacylglycerol synthesis and secretion, our findings suggest that changes in the membrane fatty acid composition could affect the triacylglycerol content of liver and plasma. Moreover, the availability within the liver, of oleic acid, predominantly incorporated into triacylglycerols, might limit the triacylglycerol production in SF‐fed rats.
Responses of ring widths and maximum densities of Larix gmelinii to climate on contrasting north‐ and south‐facing slopes in central Siberia
Authors: Kujansuu Joni , Yasue Koh , Koike Takayoshi , Abaimov Anatoly P. , Kajimoto Takuya , Takeda Takashi , Tokumoto Morihiko , Matsuura Yojiro 
Published: November 2006

AbstractAn analysis was performed of the climatic responses of the radial growth of Larix gmelinii (Rupr.) Rupr. at two sites—both of which included contrasting north‐ and south‐facing slopes—in Tura, central Siberia, with the development of ring width and maximum‐density chronologies for each slope. Both residual and standard chronologies of ring widths were positively correlated with temperature from late May until mid June on all four slopes. By contrast, standard chronologies of ring widths were negatively correlated with precipitation during the winter (from October to April) and in May on the north‐facing slope at site 1 and on the south‐facing slope at site 2 respectively. The negative correlations with precipitation during the winter and in May on some of the slopes suggested that delayed snowmelt in early spring might inhibit the radial growth of L. gmelinii, and the effects of snow are likely to vary with topography. Both residual and standard chronologies of maximum densities were positively correlated with temperature in early July on all four slopes. Maximum densities were also positively correlated with precipitation during summer of the previous year on all the slopes. These suggest that no major differences exist in terms of responses of maximum density to climatic factors between the north‐ and south‐facing slopes.
Studies on N‐nitroso bile acid amides in relation to their possible role in gastrointestinal cancer
Authors: Dayal Bishambar , Ertel Norman H. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractCancers of the gastrointestinal tract account for a large proportion of neoplastic diseases which afflict humans. The etiology of gastrointestinal cancer has been attributed in part to exogenous carcinogens, such as food substances and environmental pollutants. Recent hypotheses suggest that carcinogens may arise endogenously. Evidence suggests that some bile acids and their isomeric metabolites may be involved in the pathogenesis of colon cancer. However, the mechanism responsible for their cancer‐promoting effect is not clear. We and others propose that one mechanism for the mitogenic effects of bile acids may be N‐nitrosation of their glycine and taurine amides; human gastric aspirates do contain small quantities of N‐nitroso compounds of other substrates. Many foods contain nitrites and nitrates, which can react with bile acid amides to form N‐nitroso derivatives. Our recent studies demonstrated the potential for N‐nitroso conjugate formation from ursodeoxycholic acid, a 7β‐epimer of chenodeoxycholic acid used as a drug Actigall® to dissolve gallstones. The N‐nitroso derivative of this compound, a direct‐acting carcinogen, has a long half‐life and, once nitrosated, is stable enough to survive passage through the gastrointestinal tract. We describe the synthesis of N‐nitrosated derivatives of various bile acid conjugates and mechanisms of decomposition of (Z)‐ and (E)‐bile acid diazoates. Studies of the effects of enzymes such as cholylglycine hydrolase on the N‐nitroso bile acid conjugates and their reaction with DNA are also described. These studies may have important implications in the interplay of diet with endogenous substrates in the etiology of cancers of the stomach, liver, and colon.
ABO blood group but not haemostasis genetic polymorphisms significantly influence thrombotic risk: a study of 180 homozygotes for the Factor V Leiden mutation
Authors:   Procare‐GEHT Group
Published: November 2006

SummaryLimited data exist on the impact of additional genetic risk factors on the clinical manifestations of factor (F) V Leiden homozygotes. A retrospective multi‐centre cohort study was performed to assess the role of the FII G20210A gene mutation, the protein C (PC) promoter CG haplotype, the combination of two PC polymorphisms (A‐1641G, C‐1654T), the FXIII Val34Leu polymorphism, two thrombin‐activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor polymorphisms (Thr325Ile, Ala147Thr), two plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1 polymorphisms (‐675 4G/5G, A‐844G), the methylene‐tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T polymorphism and the ABO blood group on the thrombotic phenotype in FV Leiden homozygotes. 127 subjects with venous thrombosis and 53 asymptomatic subjects were analysed. The T allele of MTHFR C677T was more frequent in symptomatic subjects than in asymptomatic ones (68% vs. 45%, P = 0·02; odds ratio (OR) 2·8, 95% CI 1·3–5·8, after adjustment for potential confounders). For the other polymorphisms, no difference was observed between symptomatic and asymptomatic subjects. The non‐O blood group was more frequent among symptomatic carriers (84% vs. 57%, P = 0·0002; OR 4·1, 95% CI 1·7–9·7). In conclusion, except for the ABO blood group, none of the polymorphisms studied contribute strongly to the thrombotic risk in FV Leiden homozygotes.
Erythropoietin treatment in advanced multiple myeloma is associated with improved immunological functions: could it be beneficial in early disease?
Authors: Prutchi‐Sagiv Sara , Golishevsky Natalia , Oster Howard S. , Katz Odelia , Cohen Amos , Naparstek Elizabeth , Neumann Drorit , Mittelman Moshe 
Published: November 2006

SummaryErythropoietin (Epo) is the main growth regulator of red blood cells, and recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEpo) is thus used in clinical practice for the treatment of anaemia, primarily in kidney disease and cancer. rHuEpo treatment was found to be associated with prolonged survival of multiple myeloma (MM) patients. This clinical observation was then supported by studies on murine myeloma models. It thus appeared that rHuEpo had an anti‐myeloma effect, causally related to an immunomodulatory function of rHuEpo. The present study investigated whether rHuEpo‐treated MM patients acquire improved immunological functions. Treatment with rHuEpo, prescribed for anaemia that occurs in advanced disease, was associated with effects on a variety of immunological parameters and functions. This was expressed in an actual normalisation of the CD4:CD8 cell ratio, enhanced T cell phytohaemagglutinin‐mediated activation and proliferation potential, T cell expression of the costimulatory CD28 and inhibitory CTLA‐4 molecules, as well as reduced interleukin‐6 serum values to normal levels. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that immunological abnormalities manifest in patients even in the early stages of MM. Our findings thus suggest that rHuEpo treatment might be effective in the early stages of MM, before anaemia develops. It is expected that this would boost the immune system, consequently achieving an anti‐myeloma function; affecting disease progression and improving the prognosis.
Disturbance and recovery of microbial community structure and function following Hurricane Frances
Authors: Yannarell Anthony C. , Steppe Timothy F. , Paerl Hans W. 
Published: November 2006

SummaryDisturbance and recovery influence microbial community structure and ecosystem functions in most natural environments. This study from a hypersaline Bahamian lagoon details the response of a benthic cyanobacterial mat to disturbance by Hurricane Frances, a category‐4 storm. Clone libraries of cyanobacterial small subunit r‐RNA genes and nitrogenase genes revealed significant shifts in cyanobacterial and diazotroph community composition following the hurricane. Post‐hurricane clone libraries were dominated by sequences that had been rare in pre‐hurricane communities. In spite of this dominance shift, re‐colonizing mat communities performed nitrogen fixation and photosynthesis at rates within the normal range of variation measured in the mat at similar salinities. There was a tendency for nitrogen fixation rates from mats re‐colonizing sites with hurricane‐related sand deposition to be higher than those from mats re‐colonizing sites without significant sand deposition. This suggests that the altered communities responded to a carbon : nitrogen imbalance that was particularly pronounced in areas subjected to disturbance by sand burial. The post‐hurricane dominance of organisms that had been previously rare suggests that pre‐hurricane diversity and functional redundancy contributed to the rapid recovery of ecosystem function in the post‐disturbance environment.
First‐line gemcitabine and carboplatin in advanced ovarian carcinoma: a phase II study
Authors: Tay SK , Ilanchadran A , Tan TY 
Published: November 2006

Objectives  To evaluate tumour response rate and toxicities of gemcitabine and carboplatin in chemonaive subjects with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer.Design  A phase II study.Setting  Gynaecologic oncologic unit.Population  Twenty chemonaive International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage IIIc and stage IV subjects with ovarian cancer.Main outcome measures  Tumour response, disease free and overall survival and toxicity.Methods Intravenous gemcitabine 1000 mg/m2 on day 1 and day 8 and carboplatin at area under centre (AUC) = 5 on day 1 were administered three weekly for six cycles. Subjects who received more than three cycles of chemotherapy were eligible for assessment of tumour response, while all the cycles of chemotherapy were assessed for toxicities.Results  The mean age of the subjects was 57.3 years, and the median follow up was 38.7 months. Of the 18 eligible subjects analysed, 11 (61.1%) showed a complete clinical response, and the overall response rate was 83.3% (15/18). The median overall survival was 29.2 [95% (confidence interval) CI 22.8–35.6] months, and the median progression‐free survival was 11.6 (95% CI 4.7–18.5) months. WHO grade 3 anaemia, neutropenia and thrombocytopenia was 7.6, 9.5 and 0%, respectively, on day 8, and 15.5, 12.2 and 15.5%, respectively, on day 15. Two subjects required a total of three hospital admissions for neutropenic sepsis, and two required five hospital admissions for platelet transfusion for severe thrombocytopenia.Conclusion  Chemonaive advanced ovarian cancer showed a high response rate to combined gemcitabine and carboplatin chemotherapy. The subjects developed moderate adverse reactions. Phase III study to evaluate the role of combined gemcitabine and carboplatin as first‐line chemotherapy in ovarian cancer is warranted.