bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Critical role of B3 serotonergic cells in baroreflex inhibition during the defense reaction triggered by dorsal periaqueductal gray stimulation
Authors: Bernard Jean‐François , Netzer Florence , Gau Rémi , Hamon Michel , Laguzzi Raùl , Sévoz‐Couche Caroline 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe present study was designed to identify the serotonergic pathway causing baroreflex inhibition associated with the defense reaction in rats. Under conditions that produce physiological responses typical of the defense reaction, electrical stimulation of the dorsal periaqueductal gray (dPAG) was found to double c‐Fos immunoreactive serotonergic neurons within the mid‐rostrocaudal extent of the B3 group (which comprises the raphe magnus and the lateral paragigantocellular reticular nuclei) in anesthetized rats. Local blockade of neuronal activity by microinjection of muscimol (a GABAA receptor agonist) directly into the B3 region prevented the inhibitory effect of dPAG activation on the cardiac baroreflex. Conversely, neuron activation by local application of D,L‐homocysteic acid into B3 region caused baroreflex inhibition that was suppressed by microinjection of granisetron (a 5‐HT3 antagonist) into the nucleus tractus solitarius. These results show that activation of serotonergic cells in the mid‐portion of B3 group is critical to trigger baroreflex inhibition occurring during the defense reaction evoked by dPAG stimulation. J. Comp. Neurol. 506:108–121, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A DFT Study of the Nitric Oxide and Tyrosyl Radical Interaction: A Proposed Radical Mechanism
Authors: Papavasileiou Konstantinos D. , Tzima Theodora D. , Sanakis Yiannis , Melissas Vasilios S. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe present study employs a complete theoretical investigation, at the B3LYP/cc‐pVTZ level of theory, of the interactions between the tyrosyl radical and nitric oxide, exploring in detail the nitrotyrosine formation radical mechanism. Tyrosyl radicals play an essential role in catalytic reactions of numerous enzymes and biological systems have regulated appropriate mechanisms for their formation. Nitric oxide reacts with the tyrosyl radical and affords a weak intermediate complex which, through a sequence of non‐ionic water catalyzed and biologically feasible intermediate reactions, yields the iminoxyl radical. The iminoxyl radical further combines with hydroxyl radical, a species present in pathophysiological conditions, to yield nitrotyrosine.
Sub‐Wavelength Antireflection Coatings From Nanostructure Sculptured Thin Films
Authors: Schubert E. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractNanostructure sculptured thin films from SiO2 are grown on quartz substrates by ion beam sputter deposition using rotating substrate motion accommodated to an oblique angle of incidence for the particle flux. Structural peculiarities of sculptured thin films have an intriguing impact on the optical response upon reflection of light with different wavelengths. The reflectivity of quartz substrates coated with SiO2 sub‐wavelength nanostructures is simulated by means of effective medium theory and antireflection is predicted for the deep ultraviolet spectral region. Spectroscopic ellipsometry and reflectivity measurements are performed on SiO2 sculptured thin films and antireflection near λ = 193 nm is found. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 (ICAM‐1) expression is necessary for monocyte adhesion to the placental bed endothelium and is increased in type 1 diabetic human pregnancy
Authors: Xie Lijuan , Galettis Anoula , Morris Jonathan , Jackson Christopher , Twigg Stephen M. , Gallery Eileen D. M. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractBackgroundThat adhesion molecule expression is upregulated in endothelial cells of the placental bed in pregnancies complicated by type 1 diabetes mellitus, and that this is associated with increased adherence of peripheral blood monocytes, which can be reversed by reduction in activity or expression of relevant adhesion molecules. Specific aims were to compare the adherence of monocytes from normal pregnancies to decidual endothelial cells from both normal and diabetic pregnancies, and to examine the involvement of intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 (ICAM‐1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1 (VCAM‐1) in regulation of such adhesion.MethodsWe examined adhesion of peripheral blood monocytes (isolated by density gradient centrifugation) of normal third trimester pregnant women, to cultured endothelial cells (isolated from decidual biopsies collected at elective caesarean section) from both normal women and those with type 1 diabetes. Adhesion molecule expression was determined by flow cytometry. The role of ICAM‐1 was further investigated by monoclonal antibody‐blocking experiments and gene‐silencing methodology.ResultsThere was a significant increase in monocyte adhesion to decidual endothelial cells from diabetic pregnancies, associated with increased endothelial cell expression of ICAM‐1, but not VCAM‐1. ICAM‐1 expression in normal decidual endothelial cells was stimulated by pro‐atherogenic and pro‐inflammatory stimuli. Following ICAM‐1 antibody blockade, monocyte adhesion was decreased by > 70%. ICAM‐1 silencing by small interfering RNAs also inhibited monocyte adhesion and ICAM‐1 expression.ConclusionsThese findings implicate upregulation of ICAM‐1 in decidual endothelial cells in the development of placental bed vascular pathology in diabetic pregnancy. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
SUMO4 and its role in type 1 diabetes pathogenesis
Authors: Wang Cong‐Yi , She Jin‐Xiong 
Published: November 2007

AbstractSusceptibility to type 1 diabetes (T1D) is determined by interactions of multiple genes with unknown environmental factors. Despite the characterization of over 20 susceptibility regions for T1D, identification of specific genes in these regions is still a formidable challenge. In 2004, we first reported the cloning of a novel, small ubiquitin‐like modifier (SUMO) gene, SUMO4, in the IDDM5 interval on chromosome 6q25, and presented strong genetic and functional evidence suggesting that SUMO4 is a T1D susceptibility gene. Subsequent studies have consistently confirmed this association in multiple Asian populations despite controversial observations in Caucasians. In this review, we will update the genetic evidence supporting SUMO4 as a T1D susceptibility gene and discuss the possible explanations for the discrepant associations observed in Caucasians. We will then discuss the mechanisms through which SUMO4 contributes to the pathogenesis of T1D. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The 1,1,3,3‐Tetramethylguanidine–Borane Adduct: Theoretical Comparison of the Bonding Properties in Amine– and Guanidine–Borane Adducts
Authors: Ciobanu Oxana , Leingang Simone , Wadepohl Hubert , Himmel Hans‐Jörg 
Published: November 2007

AbstractHerein we report on the synthesis and characterization of the adduct 1,1,3,3‐tetramethylguanidine–borane, H3B·N(H)C(NMe2)2, and a general inspection of the bonding properties of guanidine adducts to BH3. The new compound was characterized by its vibrational, NMR and mass spectra as well as single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Quantum chemical calculations match the experimental results. Particular attention was devoted to the evaluation of the dimeric assembly through H···H contacts of the molecules in the crystalline phase. The adduct is formed at 80 °C, but it also decomposes slowly at this temperature. The bonding properties in amine– and guanidine–borane adducts are compared in general on the basis of quantum chemical calculations carried out for several representative amine–borane adducts, namely H3B·NH3, H3B·NMe3 and H3B·quinuclidine, and guanidine–borane adducts, namely H3B·N(H)C(NH2)2, H3B·N(H)C(NMe2)2 and H3B·hppH, as well as the available experimental data for these species. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
High‐Yielding Cleavage of (Aryloxy)acetates
Authors: Spurg Anke , Waldvogel Siegfried R. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractA reliable and high‐yielding one‐pot sequence for the removal of O‐carboxymethyl moieties from phenols is presented. When diethylphosphoryl azide is employed as theazide transfer reagent in the Curtius rearrangement and glycerol in the subsequent hydrolytic workup, the protocol can be reliably applied to a very broad scope of substrates. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
High‐throughput simultaneous detection of point mutations and large‐scale rearrangements by CE
Authors: Weber Jérémie , Miserere Sandrine , Champ Jérôme , Looten Rachelle , Stoppa‐Lyonnet Dominique , Viovy Jean‐Louis , Houdayer Claude 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe detection of unknown mutations is important both in population genetics research and in diagnosis. At present, two different methods must be used to detect either point mutations or large‐scale genetic rearrangements, which is costly and time‐consuming. We describe here a new method for the simultaneous detection of these two types of mutations. It is based on electrophoretic heteroduplex analysis (HDA) using enhanced mismatch mutation analysis (EMMA) and semiquantitative multiplexed PCR conditions. The use of such conditions allows the simultaneous search of any kind of mutation in up to five different fragments per capillary, in a single or multi‐CE system. The method was validated on patient samples with mutations in the breast predisposition gene BRCA1. It leads to highly reliable and high‐throughput mutation detection at low cost, as compared with classical methods.
The relationship between eco‐audits and environmental management systems
Authors: Shimell Pamela 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThis article identifies the importance of environmental management systems but also points towards the problems associated with the growing number of EMS standards. Reviewing ISO developments, the author argues that much can be learned from ISO audit methodologies and that therefore the new ISO EMS standard is likely to become increasingly important. Copyright © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Improving the environmental performance of local government
Authors: Wright Geoff 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThis article provides a brief outline of the Department of Environment's adaption of the EU eco‐management and audit scheme for local authorities, as well as a comparison with BS7750. An insight into the piloting of the scheme in Leeds is given, and the potential routes forward for local authorities are examined. The scheme is then set in the context of the wider environmental initiatives of local authorities. The author argues that the scheme should be broadly welcomed, especially if levels of community involvement can be improved. Copyright © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
BS7750: Panacea or palliative?
Authors: Shayler Mark , Welford Richard , Shayler Guy 
Published: November 2007

AbstractIn a review of BS7750, this paper highlights some of the inadequacies of environmental management systems standards. In particular it considers the non‐existence of basic environmental performance indicators and whether standards like BS7750 can actually deliver sustainability. In considering the preliminary results of the BS7750 pilot programme the paper also points towards some immediate issues which require attention. It is argued that although BS7750 provides a model for better environmental practice, more radical culture change is required to attain sustainability. Copyright © 2007 Royal Meteorological Society
Development of eco‐management and auditing in local government
Authors: Davis Peter 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe formal launch of the modified EC Eco‐Management and Audit Scheme (EMAS) for local government in April 1995 follows substantial work undertaken by central and local government. However, despite the increasing preponderance of guidance publications, there remains inadequate documented experience of the implementation of EMAS in local government and an absence of open debate about the benefits of implementation of what is seen by some as an excessively bureaucratic management system. This article is intended to provide background to the development of EMAS for local government and to highlight the methodology employed by one local authority to translate occasionally cumbersome documentation into working practice. A number of innovative management and training tools are presented, which have been found to introduce successfully the concept and requirements of EMAS in an easily assimilated form to an occasionally sceptical audience. The approach outlined within this article is, therefore, not definitive; however, the methodology adopted has proved advantageous to one District Council working towards the requirements of EMAS with limited resources. Copyright © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Book Reviews
Authors: Fagan Brian M. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractQuaternary International Vol. 150, June 2006. “Impact of Rapid Environmental Changes on Humans and Ecosystems.” Quaternary International Vol. 151, July 2006. “Dark Nature: Responses of Humans and Ecosystems to Rapid Environmental Changes.” S.A.G. Leroy, H. Jousse, M. Cremaschi (Editors). Elsevier, Amsterdam.
Book reviews
Authors: Drennan Robert D. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractSpace and Spatial Analysis in Archaeology. Elizabeth C. Robertson, Jeffrey D. Seibert, Deepika C. Fernandez, Marc U. Zender (Editors), 2006. University of Calgary Press, Calgary, Alberta, and University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque, New Mexico. xxiv + 406 pp., $49.95 Canadian from Calgary, $60.00 U.S. from New Mexico (softcover).
US health economists: who we are and what we do
Authors: Morrisey Michael A. , Cawley John 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThis paper reports the results of a Fall 2005 survey of US health economists, the first in over 18 years. Where appropriate, the results are compared with the earlier findings of Feldman and Morrisey (J. Health Politics Policy Law 1990; 15(3):627–646). The paper describes the demographics and training of health economists. It also describes how employers view the substitutability between a Ph.D. in economics and a Ph.D. in health services research, which is a key question because self‐identified health economists increasingly include health services researchers trained in schools of public health or medicine. This study also reports the expectations of various, employers of health economists regarding external grant and contract support. It also reports health economists' perceptions of the processes that allocate resources and recognition: promotion review, journal refereeing, and grant review. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Maximum acyclic and fragmented sets in regular graphs
Authors: Haxell Penny , Pikhurko Oleg , Thomason Andrew 
Published: November 2007

AbstractWe show that a typical d‐regular graph G of order n does not contain an induced forest with around ${2 {\rm In} d \over d}$ vertices, when n ≫ d ≫ 1, this bound being best possible because of a result of Frieze and Łuczak [6]. We then deduce an affirmative answer to an open question of Edwards and Farr (see [4]) about fragmentability, which concerns large subgraphs with components of bounded size. An alternative, direct answer to the question is also given. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 57: 149–156, 2008
Rank‐width is less than or equal to branch‐width
Authors: Oum Sang‐il 
Published: November 2007

AbstractWe prove that the rank‐width of the incidence graph of a graph G is either equal to or exactly one less than the branch‐width of G, unless the maximum degree of G is 0 or 1. This implies that rank‐width of a graph is less than or equal to branch‐width of the graph unless the branch‐width is 0. Moreover, this inequality is tight. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 57: 239–244, 2008
Mechanisms underlying reversal of motor unit activation order in electrically evoked contractions after spinal cord injury
Authors: Kayagil Turan A. , Grimes Jason P. , Grill Warren M. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractExtracellular stimulation normally activates larger‐diameter axons, innervating motor units producing higher force, at lower stimulation intensities than required to activate small‐diameter axons innervating motor units producing low force. However, activation of weaker thenar motor units at lower stimulation intensities than required to activate strong motor units has been reported during extracellular stimulation of the median nerve in persons with chronic cervical spinal cord injury. We used a computational model that reproduced this experiment to identify the potential mechanisms for the observed reversal of the inverse recruitment order, including preferential death of large motoneurons, demyelination and remyelination, and denervation and reinnervation of muscle fibers. Five sets of simulations assessed these mechanisms with seven simulated subjects. Preferential reinnervation, with small‐diameter axons reinnervating more abandoned muscle fibers than larger‐diameter axons, accounted for the apparent reversal of the inverse recruitment order observed previously. Preferential death of larger axons enhanced the reversal, but alone could not account for the observed reversal. Further, demyelination and remyelination, even in an extreme case and when combined with preferential death of large motoneurons, could not reproduce the reversal of inverse recruitment order. Thus, the apparent reversal of the inverse recruitment order was not a reversal of activation order across different diameter nerve fibers, but rather was a consequence of the redistributed force‐generating capacity of the motor units resulting from denervation and reinnervation. Muscle Nerve, 2007
Implicit integration of a mixed isotropic–kinematic hardening plasticity model for structured clays
Authors: Amorosi Angelo , Boldini Daniela , Germano Vincenzo 
Published: November 2007

AbstractIn recent years, a number of constitutive models have been proposed to describe mathematically the mechanical response of natural clays. Some of these models are characterized by complex formulations, often leading to non‐trivial problems in their numerical integration in finite elements codes.The paper describes a fully implicit stress‐point algorithm for the numerical integration of a single‐surface mixed isotropic–kinematic hardening plasticity model for structured clays. The formulation of the model stems from a compromise between its capability of reproducing the larger number of features characterizing the behaviour of structured clays and the possibility of developing a robust integration algorithm for its implementation in a finite elements code. The model is characterized by an ellipsoid‐shaped yield function, inside which a stress‐dependent reversible stiffness is accounted for by a non‐linear hyperelastic formulation. The isotropic part of the hardening law extends the standard Cam‐Clay one to include plastic strain‐driven softening due to bond degradation, while the kinematic hardening part controls the evolution of the position of the yield surface in the stress space.The proposed algorithm allows the consistent linearization of the constitutive equations guaranteeing the quadratic rate of asymptotic convergence in the global‐level Newton–Raphson iterative procedure. The accuracy and the convergence properties of the proposed algorithm are evaluated with reference to the numerical simulations of single element tests and the analysis of a typical geotechnical boundary value problem. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Investigation to estimate the short circuit current by applying the solar spectrum
Authors: Tsutsui Jun , Kurokawa Kosuke 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe influence of the solar spectrum is investigated to estimate the outdoor short circuit current (Isc) of various photovoltaic (PV) modules. It is well known that the solar spectrum always changes. Hence, it is rare to fit the standard solar spectrum AM1·5G defined in standard IEC 60904‐3. In addition, the spectral response (SR) of PV module is different depending on the material. For example, crystal silicon (c‐Si) has broad sensitivity that the wavelength range is between 350 and 1150 nm; meanwhile, amorphous silicon (a‐Si) has relatively narrow sensitivity comparing to c‐Si. Since Isc of the PV module decides by multiplying the solar spectrum and SR together, it is necessary to investigate the solar spectrum to estimate the outdoor Isc in addition to the solar irradiance and module temperature. In this study, the spectral mismatch is calculated and the outdoor Isc is estimated in the whole year. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Non‐electrophoretic differential detergent fractionation proteomics using frozen whole organs
Authors: van den Berg Bart H. J. , Harris Tya , McCarthy Fiona M. , Lamont Susan J. , Burgess Shane C. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractNon‐electrophoretic methods based on two‐dimensional liquid chromatography followed directly by tandem mass spectrometry (2D‐LC/MS2) have become the preferred method for high‐throughput expression proteomics and are widely applied to fresh tissues. Pre‐fractionation techniques are also used in combination with 2D‐LC/MS2 to both increase the proteome size and to assign cellular locations. Data from such experiments have become central to systems biology analyses. Here we apply a differential detergent (pre)fractionation (DDF) followed by 2D‐LC/MS2 to frozen archival tissues. Our results show that by using frozen archival tissues, we do not lose proteome coverage or the ability to assign proteins to cellular compartments. In addition, we were able to assign ‘biological process’ Gene Ontology (GO) annotations, which will facilitate systems biological modeling of our proteomics data. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Vertical and horizontal synchronization services with outlier detection in underwater acoustic networks
Authors: Hu Fei , Malkawi Yamin , Kumar Sunil , Xiao Yang 
Published: November 2007

AbstractUnderwater Acoustic Networks (UANs) have important applications in ocean exploration and lake pollution monitoring. UANs are however different from terrestrial sensor networks due to their highly variable, long propagation delay, and mobility. Clock synchronization is an important protocol to achieve timing‐based sensor communications. In this paper, we propose a three dimensional, scalable UAN time synchronization scheme that can achieve both horizontal (i.e., in the same water depth) and vertical (i.e., from bottom up to the surface) clock synchronization to overcome the effects of long acoustic delay. To secure UAN clock synchronization services, we also propose a two‐step security UAN synchronization model: (1) correlation test and (2) statistical reputation and trust model. The proposed model can detect outlier timestamp data and identify nodes generating insider attacks. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Two new species of lichenicolous fungi from Turkey
Authors: HALICI M. Gökhan , HAWKSWORTH David L. 
Published: November 2007

Abstract:Two species of lichenicolous fungi discovered in Turkey are described as new to science: Lichenostigma triseptata sp. nov. (on Aspicilia caesiocinerea) and Stigmidium johnii sp. nov. (on Caloplaca sp.). In addition, S. caloplacae is considered to be a synonym of S. cerinae.
Taxonomy of Calicium victorianum (F. Wilson) Tibell (Caliciaceae, Lecanorales), a lichenized ascomycete new to Europe
Authors: AGUIRRE-HUDSON Begoña , KOKUBUN Tetsuo , SPOONER Brian M. , TIBELL Leif 
Published: November 2007

Abstract:The morphological features and chemical compounds found in the first European collection of Calicium victorianum are compared with type material from Australia of C. piperatum F. Wilson. The phylogenetic relationships of the species are discussed by comparing its nuclear rDNA ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 with that of other species of Calicium.