bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON INTERACTION BETWEEN THE GROWTH OF MALIGNANT TUMOR AND CONNECTIVE TISSUE WITH SPECIAL REFERENCES TO ACID MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDES
Authors: Takeuchi Jun 
Published: January 2009

In order to study the interaction between connective tissue and cancer cells, the effect of acid mucopolysaccharides on the subcutaneous growth of Ehrlich ascites tumor was investigated.Chondroitin sulfate was injected subcutaneously into the back of mice, followed immediately by tumor inoculation into the same site. Average tumor weights in chondroitin sulfate‐treated groups were greater than that in control groups, showing statistically significant difference. By means of the same procedure, the effect of chondroitin sulfate and its components on the tumor growth was surveyed quantitatively with various amounts and concentrations, and its activity under the influences of other interstitial components, hydrocortisone and rechallenge was also observed.Results from this experiment indicated that chondroitin sulfate promoted the tumor growth and appear to show that the proliferation of new connective tissue which produces acid mucopolysaccharides is favorable to the growth of cancer cells. Interaction between connective tissue and tumor growth was discussed from a view‐point of intercellular components.
PROGRESSION OF PULMONARY TUMOR IN MICE 1. HISTOLOGICAL STUDIES OF PRIMARY AND TRANSPLANTED PULMONARY TUMORS*
Authors: Kimura Ikuo 
Published: January 2009

Histological and biological observations were carried out on pulmonary tumors in mice which arose in the following four series of experiments: 1) pulmonary tumors in A/Jax and DD strain of mice which developed spontaneously or were induced by a single injection of 3‐methylcholanthrene or 4‐nitroquinoline‐n‐oxide, 2) transplanted pulmonary tumors in the first and second transfer generations, 3) tumorous growth which developed in subcutaneously transplanted lung tissues, and 4) serially transplanted pulmonary tumors in five established lines.The pulmonary tumor in mice was considered as a progressive tumor and the varieties of histology were classified into five or eight types on the basis of relationship between the histological features and the biological activities. The idea of the progression from benign to malignant stage was presented in the pulmonary tumors in mice by the author for the first time.
CELLULAR SITES OF IMMUNOGLOBULINS
Authors: Chen Shih‐Tse 
Published: January 2009

In this examination of 46 inflamed appendices, the relative proportions of mucosal cells containing IgG, IgM, IgA and light polypeptide chains of kappa and lambda immunoglobulins were determined by immunofluorescent staining and the direct counting of the cells.Immunocytes containing IgA predominated in the stroma of the appendix in all stages of inflammation. IgM‐containing cells were usually scattered and accounted for less than 2% of all fluorescent cells, but were slightly increased in the early stage of inflammation. In the hyperinfective stage of appendicitis, IgG‐containing cells in the mucosa rose to 20% or more. The mucosal columnar epithelium of the appendix was stained by anti‐IgA and anti‐IgM reagents, but no IgG was detected. The distribution and population of cells containing kappa and lambda chains were about 3:2, and showed no significant variation in all the appendices examined.
CELLULAR SITES OF IMMUNOGLOBULINS
Authors: Chen Shih‐Tse , Izui Shozo 
Published: January 2009

The proportions of IgG‐, IgA‐, IgM‐ and their k and Λ light polypeptide chain‐containing cells were determined in non‐hypertrophied relatively normal and in recurrently inflamed hypertrophied tonsils by staining with two contrast‐labelled fluorochromes and directly counting such cells in a single tissue section. Their defence mechanisms were also discussed.Human palatine tonsils, like the lamina propria of the gastrointestinal tract, are very rich in plasma cells containing immunoglobulins. In the gastrointestinal tract such cells predominantly contain IgA and those IgA cells were counted above 80% of the population of all immunoglobulin containing cells. In the present study of palatine tonsils, the IgA‐con‐taining cells were fewer than in the lamina propria of the gastrointestinal tract but much more than in the spleen or lymph nodes.Fluorescent immunoglobulin‐containing cells under the submucosa of crypts and superficial portions of lymphoid tissues of non‐hypertrophied tonsils were fewer than 10 per high power field (×400) and relatively rich in IgA. In recurrently inflamed hypertrophied tonsils such immuno‐globulin‐containing cells increased to 20 or more cells per high power field (×400) and migrating IgG‐ and IgA‐ containing cells were present among the non‐reactive epithelial cells. In the areas of severe inflammation with superficial exudate, IgG‐ containing cells predominated, and there were no IgM cells.
SCANNING AND TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC OBSERVATION OF ENDOTHELIAL CELLS IN THE NORMAL CONDITION AND IN INITIAL STAGES OF ATHEROSCLEROSIS
Authors: Shimamoto Takio , Yamashita Yoshiyuki , Numano Fujio , Sunaga Toshiaki 
Published: January 2009

The fine structures of vascular endothelial surface with linear endothelial folds, were clearly shown by scanning and transmission electron microscopes in large arteries and veins of man and other mammals and the nuclear parts of endothelial cells were shown in the gullies in scanning electron microscopical observation.The effects of substances promoting or inhibiting transendothelial leakage were studied in relation to these structures. Immediately after the challenge their nuclear parts were transiently enlarged and prolonged and the linear endothelial folds became irregular by edematous swelling of endothelial cells and subendothelial structures. Pyridinolcarbamate pretreatment prevented these changes.Administration of cholesterol for 2 weeks induced edematous and spherical change of endothelial cells of aorta; and then localized flat lesions of endothelial cells with flattening of their degenerated nuclear parts in localized areas exposed to mechanical stress from the arterial blood stream. After 3 to 4 weeks the flat lesions changed into elevated lesions, fatty spots or streaks. These endothelial changes were significantly inhibited by pyridinolcarbamate.At the margin of the elevated lesions, nuclear parts of the endothelial cells were exposed on the endothelial fold by elevation of gullies. The exposed nuclear part exhibited a highly deformed and swollen shape and such changes may be followed by an increase in local transendothelial infiltration resulting in expansion of elevated lesions. Chemical inJuries induce weakness of the resistance of endothelial cells and the mechanical stress from the arterial blood stream may aggravate the injury in a special area facing the strong mechanical stress from the blood stream. Summation of such injuries may initiate atherosclerosis in such a special area followed by expansion of atherosclerotic lesion to all directions.
A CASE OF MYCOSIS FUNGOIDES
Authors: Nishimura Ryusuke , Okuno Kazuhiro , Matsuo Takeshi , Mori Nobuoki 
Published: January 2009

The clinical history and pathological findings of a 68‐year‐old female with mycosis fungoides were described.Clinically she developed cutaneous eruptions, and plaques to nodules appearlng within the next 4 months. Histopathological examination at biopsy revealed mycosis fungoides. At autopsy, extensive visceral involvement was disclosed (lungs, liver, kidneys, spleen, esophagus, left adrenal gland, lumbar vertebral bone marrow, and lymph nodes). Acute exacerbation of pulmonary tuberculosis was thought to be a terminal event.
STUDY ON THE ULTRASTRUCTURE AND MUCIN PRODUCTION IN PRETIBIAL MYXEDEMA
Authors: Fujita H. , Asagami C. , Suetomi Y. , Uchihira T. , Kinoshita K. , Araki I. 
Published: January 2009

Electron microscopic study on pretibial myxedema lesions revealed that, mucin consisted of three types of substances: (1) filamentous to finely granular or amorphous substances, (2) spidery projections extending from a granular core, and (3) fine granules arranged in beaded form. In the lesions, there were numerous mesenchymal cells referred to as the M‐cells which were not found in the normal skin and seemed to be participating in the production and extrusion of the first type of substance and possibly the precursor substances of the other two composing mucin. Most of them were two to three times larger in size than ordinary mast cells. Their cytoplasm displayed, like that of goblet cell, many mitochondria, well developed rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum, and prominent Golgi apparatus accompanied by various lysosomal structures.It might be supposed that the above precursor of the other two types of substances possibly excreted from M‐cells and the mast cell granules released from mast cells might correlate in the extracellular formation of the second and third types of substances. Ultrastructural similarities and dissimilarities between the M‐cell and other types of cells in the same lesions seemed to indicate that the M‐cell might be transformed from the mast cell or reticuloendothelial cell or fibroblast by metaplasia which might occur by the influence of hormonal disturbance of pretibial myxedema.
RETINOBLASTOMA HISTOPATHOLOGICAL STUDY OF EIGHT CASES WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO ROSETTE FORMATION
Authors: Sato Kazuo , Tanaka Teruhiko , Fujikura Takashi , Saruya Shigeru 
Published: January 2009

Eight cases of retinoblastoma were histopathologically and in part, electron‐microscopically investigated. Their histological patterns were compared with those of human medulloblastoma and of the human retina during early fetal life.Five cases showed true rosettes (A‐group), but three cases did not (B‐group). A correlation was noted between the mode of growth and histopathological type of the tumors; in A‐group excepting one case, they showed only intraocular endophytic growth, while in B‐group, they extended extraocularly and were biologically more malignant. Among tumor cells of A‐group, atypism and pleomorphism were not so conspicuous as those in B‐group. It was indicated that a true rosette could be regarded as a histological manifestation of tumor differentiation, and its epithelial nature was disclosed by electron microscopy. Para‐rosettes, pseudo‐rosettes and perivascular rosettes, which were characteristic in B‐group, resembled human medulloblastoma and human retina during early fetal life in cell disposal pattern. Many findings indicated the retinoblastoma to be an immature neuroectodermal tumor.
PRIMARY OSTEOGENIC SARCOMA OF THE LIVER—REPORT OF AN AUTOPSY CASE—
Authors: Sumiyoshi Akinobu , Niho Yoshiyuki 
Published: January 2009

An autopsy case of a 52 years old male with primary osteogenic sarcoma arising in the cirrhotic liver was reported. A huge, yellowishgray, firm, multinodular tumor was found in the right lobe of the liver. Several small metastatic foci were noted in the right atrium and the small intestine. Microscopic examination revealed that the lesions showed polymorphic features but an essentially similar appearance as osteosarcoma originating in the skeleton.Primary sarcomas of the liver producing bone and/or cartilage as the essential component of the tumor are extremely rare. The nomenclature and histogenesis of such tumors were briefly discussed.
PASSAGE OF FOREIGN PARTICLES THROUGH THE SINUSOIDAL WALL OF THE RABBIT BONE MARROW—AN ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC STUDY
Authors: Huang Teh‐Siu 
Published: January 2009

Thorotrast, India ink, OsO4‐fixed staphylococci and candida were injected into rabbit ear vein. Electron microscopic observation of the marrow revealed the thorotrast and carbon particles in the cytoplasm of the sinusoidal endothelial cells and reticulum cells as well as in the extracellular space of the marrow parenchyma, while staphylococci and candidas were demonstrated only in the cytoplasm of reticulum cells. This difference seems to be related to the size difference of the particles.Reticulum cells freqeuntly projected a cytoplasmic process into the sinusoidal lumen through the endothelial gap, and injected particles were frequently seen in these intraluminal projections. This finding strongly suggests that the particulate matter in the blood flow can be directly taken up by means of intraluminal projection of the reticulum cell and then transported into the extraluminal portion of the cell. This mechanism may be only one possible way by which the particles larger than staphylococci enter the marrow parenchyma across the sinusoidal wall. The passage of erythrocytes from blood flow into marrow parenchyma is assumed to be made by the same mechanism.
SURFACE MEMBRANE OF LYMPHOCYTES
Authors: Watanabe Shaw , Mikata Atuso , Tadakuma Takushi , Niki Rikio , Kageyama Keizo 
Published: January 2009

The quantitative relationship of lymphoid antigenic determinants between lymphoid cells and antilymphocytic globulin or antithymocytic globulin was studied.131I‐ALG or ATG were sensitive enouth to detect adsorption on cytomembrane, although nonspecific adsorption occurred in a few percent and this was negligible in case of using purified ALG or ATG.The existence of several kind of lymphoid antigens was proved, viz. common lymphoid, lymphocyte‐specific and thymocyte‐specific antigen.It was also suggested that thymocytes had a fewer kind of antigen determinants but the total number of radicals was the same as lymphocytes, and that each cell surface had several thousands of molecules which acted as lymphoid antigen determinant.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON HEPATIC CIRRHOSIS AND HEPATOCARCINOGENESIS
Authors: Shimizu Akio , Kanisawa Masayoshi 
Published: January 2009

Changes of the liver following either single or repeated oral administration of furfural were studied histopathologically. Following single administration, the livers showed scattered eosinophilic globular formation and increased mitotic figures without zonal or massive necrosis. Both changes were most prominent 6 hours after administration, gradually decreasing in number thereafter. In the repeated administration experiment, furfural was mixed with basal diet for 90 or 120 days. The livers on the 90th day showed cirrhotic changes with formation of pseudolobules, widening of Glisson's sheath, and destruction of limiting plates. In the parenchyma bridging necrosis and hydropic degeneration of hepatocytes were striking. In the livers on the 120th day, pseudolobule formation was more prominent but parenchymal damage was reduced.No cancerous or precancerous changes were observed. Cirrhotic changes seen in the chronic experiment resembled Nagayo‐Miyake's A' type hepatic cirrhosis in man, and the result suggested that furfural‐induced hepatic cirrhosis is an appropriate model for studying the Interrelation between hepatic cirrhosis and hepatocarcinogenesis.
LOSS OF INTRACELLULAR PEROXIDASE and ANAPLASTIC CHANGE OF DIFFERENTIATED CARCINOMA OF HUMAN THYROID GLAND
Authors: Yamashita Hiroto , Noguchi Shiro , Murakami Nobuo , Yokoyama Shigeo , Nakayama Iwao 
Published: January 2009

Ultrastructural localization of endogenous peroxidase (peroxidase) in differentiated thyroid carcinoma was studied in 2 cases of follicular carcinoma and 12 of papillary carcinoma. The reaction product for the enzyme was observed in cancer cells which had a round and smoothly‐contoured nucleus and rather few number of microvilli (positive cells) and the product localized mainly in the rough‐surfaced endoplasmic reticulum and perinuclear cisternae. The positive cells resembled normal follicular cells in localization sites of the reaction product and ultrastructural features. On the contrary, in cancer cells having an irregularly‐outlined nucleus with or without intranuclear cytoplasmic inclusion and many microvilli, no reaction product was visualized (negative cells). The positive cells were frequently found in 2 follicular carcinomas and 2 papillary carcinomas. Only a few number of positive cells presented in 2 papillary carcinomas. The remaining 8 papillary carcinomas were composed only of negative cells. Histologically, follicles with colloid were frequently found in carcinomas with abundant positive cells, whereas they were few in number in carcinomas containing only negative cells.These findings suggest that loss of peroxidase activity in cancer cells of follicular cell origin correlates with anaplastic change of the cancer cells.
New insights into the metal specificity of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa pyoverdine–iron uptake pathway
Authors: Braud Armelle , Hoegy Françoise , Jezequel Karine , Lebeau Thierry , Schalk Isabelle J. 
Published: January 2009

SummaryPyoverdine (PvdI) is the major siderophore secreted by Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAOI in order to get access to iron. After being loaded with iron in the extracellular medium, PvdI is transported across the bacterial outer membrane by the transporter, FpvAI. We used the spectral properties of PvdI to show that in addition to Fe3+, this siderophore also chelates, but with lower efficiencies, all the 16 metals used in our screening. Afterwards, FpvAI at the cell surface binds Ag+, Al3+, Cd2+, Co2+, Cu2+, Fe3+, Ga3+, Hg2+, Mn2+, Ni2+ or Zn2+ in complex with PvdI. We used Inductively Coupled Plasma‐Atomic Emission Spectrometry to monitor metal uptake in P. aeruginosa: TonB‐dependent uptake, in the presence of PvdI, was only efficient for Fe3+. Cu2+, Ga3+, Mn2+ and Ni2+ were also transported into the cell but with lower uptake rates. The presence of Al3+, Cu2+, Ga3+, Mn2+, Ni2+ and Zn2+ in the extracellular medium induced PvdI production in P. aeruginosa. All these data allow a better understanding of the behaviour of the PvdI uptake pathway in the presence of metals other than iron: FpvAI at the cell surface has broad metal specificity at the binding stage and it is highly selective for Fe3+ only during the uptake process.
New alk genes detected in Antarctic marine sediments
Authors: Kuhn Emanuele , Bellicanta Giovani Sebben , Pellizari Vivian Helena 
Published: January 2009

SummaryAlkane monooxygenases (Alk) are the key enzymes for alkane degradation. In order to understand the dispersion and diversity of alk genes in Antarctic marine environments, this study analysed by clone libraries the presence and diversity of alk genes (alkB and alkM) in sediments from Admiralty Bay, King George Island, Peninsula Antarctica. The results show a differential distribution of alk genes between the sites, and the predominant presence of new alk genes, mainly in the pristine site. Sequences presented 53.10–69.60% nucleotide identity and 50.90–73.40% amino acid identity to alkB genes described in Silicibacter pomeroyi, Gordonia sp., Prauserella rugosa, Nocardioides sp., Rhodococcus sp., Nocardia farcinica, Pseudomonas putida, Acidisphaera sp., Alcanivorax borkumensis, and alkM described in Acinetobacter sp. This is the first time that the gene alkM was detected and described in Antarctic marine environments. The presence of a range of previously undescribed alk genes indicates the need for further studies in this environment.
Reconciling genealogical and morphological species in a worldwide study of the Family Hydractiniidae (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa)
Authors: Miglietta Maria Pia , Schuchert Peter , Cunningham Clifford W. 
Published: January 2009

The Hydractiniidae are a family of globally distributed marine hydrozoans (class Hydrozoa, phylum Cnidaria). Despite being one of the most well‐studied families of the Hydrozoa, their genus and species‐level taxonomy is unsettled and disputed. The taxonomic difficulties of the Hydractiniidae are due to many inadequate species descriptions, a paucity of available morphological characters, many cryptic species, and the often‐extreme plasticity seen when colonies of the same species are found at different stages of growth or different environmental conditions. This confusion over species identity is especially important because some species of the family Hydractiniidae are well‐established model organisms for a wide array of studies ranging from gene expression to developmental biology and colony growth. Here we report the species‐level implications of 226 mitochondrial large ribosomal subunit (16S) rDNA sequences from around the world and 52 nuclear DNA sequences (Elongation Factor 1α) with the intent to reconcile described morphospecies with genealogical lineages.Our data show that Podocoryna carnea and P. exigua are distinct and geographically disjunct species, P. borealis is paraphyletic with respect to Podocoryna sp. from South Africa and P. bella from New Zealand. Podocoryna australis, from New Zealand form a distinct monophyletic group. Podocoryna from New England, New York and Florida all fall into a distinct monophyletic group (P. americana) and fail to support the existence of a distinct, P. selena in the Gulf of Mexico. Hydractinia pruvoti is the only species within the Podocoryna clade without fully formed medusae. We identify a Clava clade closely related to other algae dwelling Hydractiniidae. Our data do not recover Stylactaria inabai from Japan as a distinct species from S. misakiensis, and S. carcinicola as distinct from H. epiconcha. Also, 10 colonies identified as S. carcinicola fall into a distantly related clade that is close to the American S. hooperi. Finally, we identify Janaria mirabilis as the sister group to the H. echinata species complex and clarify the relationships between the H. echinata, H. symbiopollicaris, H. polyclina, H. symbiolongicarpus and H. [GM].
Food Stamps and Food Spending: An Engel Function Approach
Authors: Wilde Parke E. , Troy Lisa M. , Rogers Beatrice L. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractEstimation of Food Stamp Program (FSP) effects has been complicated by self‐selection and by a contradiction between observed spending patterns and the economic theory of consumer choice. We developed a modified version of the traditional theory, in which participant households may be partly extramarginal even if they have some cash spending on at‐home food. Using Current Population Survey (CPS) data for 2001–2005, we estimated Engel functions for at‐home and away‐from‐home food spending for FSP participants and nonparticipants. Compared to nonparticipants with the same level of total income, participants had higher at‐home food spending and lower away‐from‐home food spending.
Integrating Technology Traits and Producer Heterogeneity: A Mixed‐Multinomial Model of Genetically Modified Corn Adoption
Authors: Useche Pilar , Barham Bradford L. , Foltz Jeremy D. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThis article proposes a model of technology adoption that integrates demand for individual traits of new technologies with the potential for heterogeneity based on farm and farmer characteristics. The model is applied to recent genetically modified corn adoption data from Minnesota and Wisconsin farmers, using a mixed‐multinomial logit (MMNL) model to estimate the effects of traits and farm and farmer characteristics on adoption outcomes. This approach allows explicit recovery of estimates of farmers’ shadow prices for individual technology traits. Results show the importance of producer and regional heterogeneity in preferences for seed traits.
Weak Disposability in Nonparametric Production Analysis: Reply to Färe and Grosskopf
Authors: Kuosmanen Timo , Podinovski Victor 
Published: January 2009

AbstractFäre and Grosskopf (this issue) claim that a single abatement factor suffices for modeling weak disposability in nonparametric production models, and that the Kuosmanen (2005) technology that uses multiple abatement factors is larger than necessary. This article demonstrates by a numerical example that a single abatement factor does not suffice to capture all feasible production plans, and that its use leads to the violation of convexity, one of the maintained assumptions of the model. We also prove that the Kuosmanen technology is the correct minimum extrapolation technology under the stated axioms.