bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Food Intake of Sheep Exposed to Hot-Humid, Hot-Dry, and Cool-Humid Environments
Authors: Guerrini Vincent Henry 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Water intake, food intake (wet and dry weight), rectal temperature, and food digestibility were determined in 6 sheep exposed to 4 weeks each of hot-humid, hot-dry, and cool-humid environments, alternated with 3 weeks each of cool-dry exposure.
Compared with values determined during the cool-dry environments, wet-weight food intake decreased between 5% and 33% and between 3% and 9% during hot-humid and hot-dry exposures, respectively. During the week of cool-humid exposure, wet-weight food intake decreased by 11%. During hot-humid, hot-dry, and cool-humid environments, dry-weight food intake decreased between 5% and 17%. The effect of high ambient temperatures on wet-weight food intake was significant (P < 0.01), whereas dry-weight food intake was not related to ambient temperature. During hot-humid exposure, water intake decreased 4% and then increased 7%. During hot-dry exposure, water intake increased between 37% and 45%. During the first 2 weeks of cool-humid environment, water intake decreased between 13% and 15%. From the 4th week of hot-humid exposure until the 3rd week of the following cool-dry period, food digestibility increased between 18% and 32%. During hot-dry exposure, food digestibility increased between 6% and 14%.
The digestibility of food was significantly increased (P < 0.005) when dry-weight food intake increased; therefore, decreased digestibility was related to water content of the feed. Increased ambient humidity was associated with decreased dry-weight food intake (P < 0.05).
Preparation of Resealed Carrier Erythrocytes and in Vivo Survival in Dogs
Authors: DeLoach John R. , Barton Claudia , Culler Kathleen 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Canine carrier erythrocytes are prepared by dialysis to contain [14C]-sucrose. The procedure allows over 37% of the available sucrose to be encapsulated in the erythrocytes. Cell recovery from the dialysis procedure is greater than 80%. Carrier erythrocytes were prepared from 4 breeds of dogs in less than 2 hours. Although there were some animal-to-animal differences, breed differences were not noticeable in carrier cell preparation. The carrier or resealed erythrocytes contain ca 70% of their hemoglobin and when injected circulate with a half-life of 36 days. These carrier cells could thus serve as a drug delivery vehicle to provide circulating concentrations of encapsulated drug.
Oxibendazole: Anthelmintic Activity in Horses
Authors: Lyons E. T. , Drudge J. H. , Tolliver S. C. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Large parasite critical tests of the anthelmintic activity of oxibendazole suspension at the dosage rate of 10 mg/kg of body weight were done in 8 horses (treated by stomach tube). Complete (100%) removal of Parascaris equorum (5 infected horses), mature Oxyuris equi (3 infected horses), Strongylus vulgaris (6 infected horses), and S edentatus (4 infected horses) was recorded. Bots (Gasterophilus intestinalis and G nasalis—2nd and 3rd instars) were virtually unaffected by treatment.
Identification of Bovine T- and B-Lymphocvte Subpopulations by Immunofluorescence Surface Marker Analysis
Authors: Yang Tsu-Ju (Thomas) 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A T-cell specific goat anti-bovine thymocyte antiserum was prepared for use in identifying T lymphocytes by an indirect fluorescent antibody (fa) technique. The antiserum was made specific for T lymphocytes through adsorptions with normal bovine rbc, normal serum, and bone marrow cells. It reacted with more than 95% of the thymocytes and less than 5% of the bone marrow cells. By the indirect fa assay, 72.9 ± 5.7% (sd) of the peripheral blood lymphocytes of adult cows (n = 19) were identified as T lymphocytes. With the previously reported total B-lymphocyte number of 26.9 ± 4.4%, as determined by a mixture of antiimmunoglobulin (Ig)G, anti-IgA, and anti-IgM, the 2 assays, in conjunction, can thus identify over 95% of the peripheral blood lymphocytes as either T or B lymphocytes.
With the use of individual Ig class- and subclass-specific antisera in the direct fa assay, the peripheral blood lymphocytes of adult cows (n = 15) were shown to consist of 8.5 ± 3.1% IgG1-bearing lymphocytes, 3.5 ± 2.2% IgG2-bearing lymphocytes, 7.0 ± 2.4% IgA-bearing lymphocytes, and 13.4 ± 2.6% IgM-bearing lymphocytes—indicating that although the majority of B lymphocytes possess IgM on their surface, in cattle there are many B lymphocytes without surface membrane (Sm)IgM, but with only SmIgG1, SmIgG2, or SmIgA.
Effects of Maternal Nutritional Restriction and Cold Stress on Young Calves: Clinical Condition, Behavioral Reactions, and Lesions
Authors: Olson D. P. , Bull R. C. , Kelley K. W. , Ritter R. C. , Woodard L. F. , Everson D. O. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Calves from dams fed protein or energy-restricted diets during the last half of pregnancy were exposed to moderate cold for the first 3 days of life; they were examined for clinical condition, behavioral reactions, and lesions. Neither maternal dietary treatments nor cold exposure of the calves significantly affected postural, sensory, or motivational responses, although some calves were noticeably weakened before they were euthanatized. Restriction of protein or metabolizable energy in the maternal diets caused temporary but slight increases in heart and respiratory rates of their calves, but did not affect core body temperature. Cold exposure of the newborn calves tended to increase heart rate and depress respiratory rate, but core body temperature was unaffected.
The main lesions in the calves were in the limbs and included bilateral subcutaneous hemorrhage and edema. Lesions appeared more frequently in calves from dams fed low-protein diet than in calves from dams fed adequate-protein diet. In contrast, the frequency of lesions in calves from dams fed low metabolizable energy diets was mixed when compared with calves from dams fed adequate metabolizable energy diets. However, differences in frequencies of lesions in calves between the respective maternal nutritional treatment groups were not significant (P > 0.05). Lesions occurred with equal or greater frequency in the pelvic limbs than in the thoracic limbs of respective calves from each of the maternal nutritional treatment groups.
Exposure of calves to moderate cold resulted in greater frequency (P < 0.05) of lesions than in calves at normothermic temperature. Lesions were found with greater frequency in the pelvic limbs than in the thoracic limbs of cold-exposed calves.
Induction of Lesions of Selenium-Vitamin E Deficiency in Weanling Swine Fed Silver, Cobalt, Tellurium, Zinc, Cadmium, and Vanadium
Authors: Van Vleet John F. , Boon G. Daniel , Ferrans Victor J. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Forty-two weanling pigs were allotted to 7 groups and fed (for 10 weeks) a commercial ration that was adequate in selenium and vitamin E (Se-E) content, either alone or with supplements of Ag (3,000 mg/kg of feed, as acetate), Co (500 mg/kg, as chloride), Te (500 mg/kg, as tetrachloride), Zn (3,000 mg/kg, as sulfate), Cd (500 mg/kg, as sulfate), or V (200 mg/kg, as vanadate). The pigs fed the Ag supplement died after 25 to 39 days and had lesions characteristic of Se-E deficiency with accumulations of serous transudates in body cavities and hepatic and cardiac necrosis. In the pigs fed the Ag supplement, there was high hepatic Se content terminally; blood glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity decreased to low levels several weeks before the pigs died with lesions of Se-E deficiency. Macroscopic lesions of Se-E deficiency were not found in pigs fed Co, Te, Zn, Cd, or V. However, evidence of Se-E deficiency, as indicated by microscopically detected necrosis of cardiac and skeletal muscle, was present in 50% to 65% of the pigs fed Co or Te and occasionally in pigs fed Zn, Cd, and V supplements.
The pigs fed Te had marked decrease of blood GSH-Px activity over the last 6 weeks of the feeding period. No consistently abnormal values for blood GSH-Px activity or terminal hepatic Se content were observed in pigs fed Co, Zn, Cd, or V. The pigs fed the Zn supplement grew as rapidly as the control pigs. Evidence of V toxicosis was observed as severe growth suppression, mortality, and marked enteritis and cystitis (with accompanying hydroureter in 1 pig).
Adverse Effects of Open Indwelling Urethral Catheterization in Clinically Normal Male Cats
Authors: Lees George E. , Osborne Carl A. , Stevens Jerry B. , Ward Gilbert E. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Effects of open indwelling urethral catheterization for 1, 3, or 5 days were evaluated in clinically normal male cats. During 5 days of catheterization, influences of ampicillin or polyionic fluid therapy (or both) were also evaluated.
Commercially manufactured catheters used were too short to reach the bladder lumen of most adult male cats and did not provide constant urine drinage. Although only 1 catheter extended into the bladder lumen, bacteriuria was induced in 20 of 36 catheterized cats.
Morphologic changes in the urethras of catheterized cats developed in 2 phases. A mild-to-moderate urethritis and variable loss of mucosa occurred first without bacteriuria. In cats with bacteriuria, this change was followed by severe suppurative urethritis.
Bacterial cystitis was found in 8 cats with catheter-induced bacteriuria. Although cystitis sometimes developed during 3 days of catheterization, the association between microscopic bladder abnormalities and bacteriuria was significant (P < 0.05) only for cats that were catheterized for 5 days.
The interval in which bacterial colonization of the bladder occurred most frequently in untreated cats was between 1 and 3 days of indwelling catheterization. After 1 day of catheterization, 2 of 6 cats had bacteriuria, but evidence of cystitis was not found. After 3 and 5 days of catheterization, 5 of 6 cats had bacteriuria. Degrees of bacteriuria and severity of cystitis did not increase between the 3rd and 5th day of catheterization.
Catheter-induced bacteriuria and cystitis were most severe in cats with diuresis produced by fluid therapy. Cats given ampicillin developed catheter-induced bacteriuria less frequently than did cats that were not given the antibiotic. Administration of ampicillin to cats given fluid therapy reduced the degree of bacteriuria. Cystitis was also less severe in bacteriuric cats given ampicillin. Although generally beneficial, ampicillin therapy did not prevent catheter-induced bacteriuria in 4 of 12 cats. Bacteria isolated from these cats were highly resistant to ampicillin and tended to have less in vitro susceptibility to other antimicrobial agents.
Urine concentration was an important factor influencing degrees of bacteriuria and types of bacteria found in catheterized cats. Bacterial numbers were substantially higher in dilute urine samples from cats given fluids than in urine samples from untreated cats. Most bacteria isolated from concentrated urine samples were gram-positive cocci, whereas isolates from diluted urine samples were mainly gram-negative bacilli. These effects may have been related to urine osmolality.
The present study indicated that adverse effects are caused by open indwelling urethral catheterization of male cats. In addition to predisposing cats to bacterial urinary tract infection, catheters had direct effects on surrounding urinary tract tissues.
Isolation of a Rotavirus from a Newborn Dog with Diarrhea
Authors: Fulton Robert W. , Johnson Charles A. , Pearson Nancy J. , Woode G. N. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A rotavirus was isolated from a newborn dog that died after having clinical signs of diarrhea. Virus particles with rotaviral morphologic features were observed by transmission electron microscopy in the intestinal homogenate collected at necropsy. Cytopathic effects were observed, and rotaviral antigens were detected by indirect immunofluorescence in MA-104 monolayer cultures (a fetal rhesus macaque kidney cell) inoculated with intestinal homogenate. This rotavirus isolate, designated LSU 79C-36, may be a specific canine rotavirus or a rotavirus from another species.
Hypothermia and Its Prevention During General Anesthesia in Cats
Authors: Haskins Steve C. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Cats (n = 66) were evaluated in a retrospective clinical study to determine if there were any consistent patterns predisposing them to hypothermia during general anesthesia. There were no differences between any of the anesthetic techniques evaluated, between different body weights, or between different surgical procedures, with regard to the degree of hypothermia developed.
Four cats were evaluated with regard to the efficacy of several techniques to maintain or restore body temperature during pentobarbital anesthesia. A circulating warm-water blanket cocooning the subject was most effective. Placing the animal on a circulating warm-water blanket under a 250-W infrared heat lamp, or under a hot-water bottle heat tent was effective, whereas cocooning in hand towels or a space blanket were ineffective.
Survey of Porcine Parvovirus Infection in Swine Fetuses and Their Dams at a Minnesota Abattoir
Authors: Thacker B. J. , Leman A. D. , Hurtgen J. P. , Sauber T. E. , Joo H. S. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Reproductive tracts were recovered from 209 sow and 32 gilt carcasses at slaughter; animals had been pregnant not less than 27 days. Of 241 litters examined, 28 (11.6%) contained one or more porcine parvovirus (ppv)-infected fetuses, as determined by immunofluorescent microscopy. The frequencies in sow and gilt litters were 12.0% and 9.4%, respectively. The ppv antigen was detected in 219 of 334 (65.6%) dead or mummified fetuses and in 12 of 2,172 (0.5%) live fetuses examined. The 18 litters which contained only dead or mummified fetuses were infected with ppv. As the percentage of litter mummification increased, the likelihood of finding ppv increased. The ppv antibody was detected in ovarian follicular fluids of 94.3% of the sows and 78.1% of the gilts. These findings indicate that ppv is highly associated with fetal mummification and that some pregnant gilts and sows are susceptible to infection.
Indirect Solid-Phase Microradioimmunoassay for Detection of Ascaris suum Antibodies in Swine Sera
Authors: Rhodes M. B. , Staudinger L. A. , Hart R. A. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Antibodies to Ascaris suum have been detected and quantitated in sera of swine orally inoculated with eggs of A suum, using an indirect solid-phase microradioimmunoassay. Antibody titers of 1:640 to 1:10,240 were quantitated, using purified and crude ascarid antigens in the assays. Swine sera from 71 of 72 farm herds located in 37 counties in Nebraska had at least 1 serum of the 7 tested with a titer equal to or greater than 1:20. A total of 437 sera were positive and 67 negative (ie, less than 1:20 titer). Six positive sera selected at random had titers of 1:640 to 1:5,120.
Biotyping of Salmonella typhimurium Strains Isolated from Animals and Birds in Northern Japan
Authors: Ishiguro Naotaka , Sato Gihei 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Strains of Salmonella typhimurium (n = 175) isolated from animals and birds in northern Japan were differentiated into 5 biovars (1, 2, 7, 10, and untypeable) by 6 kinds of fermentation tests inositol, bitter-xylose, rhamnose, xylose, Stern’s glycerol, and trehalose) of Brandis’ scheme, and were subdivided into 9 primary and 38 full biovars by a new biotyping method, using additional biochemical reactions. The full biovar classified by the new biotyping method was considered to be a marker for assessing the widespread outbreaks of infection with S typhimurium. In particular, strains of biovars 25hi and 27hi were characteristically found in pigeons, quail, and fantails, and were thought to be of avian origin.
Anatomy and Function of the Ligaments of the Lower Cervical Spine in the Dog
Authors: Vasseur Philip B. , Saunders Geoffrey , Steinback Clarke 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Ligaments of the lower cervical spine (C3 to C7) were studied in 27 canine cadavers. The gross anatomy and attachment sites were determined by dissection, and representative samples of the flaval ligament, facet capsules, and dorsal longitudinal ligament were examined by light microscopy and were stained for elastin content. Selected functional spinal units were placed in a specially constructed humidification chamber and were fixed in position, using methyl methacrylate bone cement. The specimens were stressed in flexion and extension, and vertebral displacement was measured before and after severance of the spinal ligaments.
The flaval ligament had a marked elastin content and contained randomly oriented collagen bundles. The dorsal longitudinal ligament possessed a negligible elastic fiber content and demonstrated longitudinally oriented collagen bundles. The facet capsules possessed an inner synovial lining and outer fibrous layer typical of synovial joint capsules.
In general, the severance of spinal ligaments resulted in small increments of displacement until failure occurred, which was often sudden and complete. The flaval ligament, facet capsules, dorsal longitudinal ligament, and intervertebral disk were the major ligamentous stabilizers of the lower cervical spine.
Liquid Preservation of Baboon Red Blood Cells in Acid-Citrate-Dextrose or Citrate-Phosphate-Dextrose Anticoagulant: Effects of Washing Liquid-Stored Red Blood Cells
Authors: Valeri C. Robert , Lindberg J. R. , Contreras T. J. , Pivacek L. E. , Austin R. M. , Valeri D. A. , Gray A. , Emerson C. P. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Autologous baboon rbc stored at 4 C in acid-citratedextrose (acd) or in citrate-phosphate-dextrose (cpd) for 3 weeks after collection had 24-hour 51Cr posttransfusion survival values of about 77%. When 20-day-old acd and cpd baboon rbc were washed and then stored at 4 C for 24 hours before autotransfusion, the 24-hour 51Cr posttransfusion survival values were about 81%. These values were similar to those seen in studies of human rbc preserved in an identical manner. Our results indicated that the baboon can be used to evaluate rbc preservation techniques before human volunteers are studied.
Isolation of Mycoplasma flocculare from Swine in the United States
Authors: Armstrong C. H. , Friis N. F. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
During 1977 to 1980, Mycoplasma flocculare was isolated from the lungs of 7 swine in the United States. Two of the swine were from a single Alabama herd, 1 was from Minnesota, 2 were from different Illinois herds, and 2 were from different Indiana herds. Three of the swine were from specific-pathogen-free herds and 4 were from conventional herds. The lungs from the 7 swine had gross lesions typical of mycoplasmal pneumonia. Two lungs yielded a mixture of M flocculare and M hyopneumoniae; the remaining 5 yielded M flocculare alone.
Bluetongue in Cattle: A Serologic Survey of Slaughter Cattle in the United States
Authors: Metcalf Hugh E. , Pearson James E. , Klingsporn Albert L. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Serologic tests for bluetongue virus (btv) were done on 19,758 blood serum samples systematically collected at brucellosis laboratories throughout the United States from Nov 28, 1977 to Feb 20, 1978. Prevalence of btv antibody varied from 0 to 79% of the samples collected in various states, with a national prevalence of 18.2%. The prevalence was generally low in the northern states and high in the southwestern states. The highest prevalence rates were found in Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands.
Antibody Response of Calves After Intranasal Inoculation with Parainfluenza-3 Virus and Resistance of Inoculated Calves to Experimental Homologous Viral Infection
Authors: Marshall Ronald G. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The immunologic response of colostrum-deprived calves to parainfluenza-3 (pi-3) virus given by intranasal inoculation was studied. Inoculation of calves with 3.2 × 106 median cell culture infective doses (ccid50) of either virulent (SF-4) virus or a modified strain of pi-3 virus, or with 2.0 × 108 ccid50 of SF-4 virus, stimulated development of both serum antibody and nasal secretion (ns) antibody. However, ns antibody decreased in all calves between the 16th and 42nd postinoculation days and was present only at low or moderately low concentrations on the 126th day, when the immunity of the calves was challenged. Generally, calves that were inoculated with 3.2 × 106 ccid50 of SF-4 virus developed slightly higher concentrations of serum and ns antibodies than did calves inoculated with modified virus. Calves that were inoculated with 2.0 × 108 or 3.2 × 106 ccid50 of SF-4 virus developed comparable concentrations of serum antibody, but large doses of SF-4 virus were less effective than smaller doses of the same virus in stimulating the development of ns antibody. Reinoculation of 3 calves with modified pi-3 virus resulted in a demonstrable increase in serum antibody in 2 calves and an increase and subsequent decrease in ns antibody in all calves. Challenge exposure of inoculated calves to aerosols of SF-4 virus failed to cause clinical signs of disease, and the challenge virus was not isolated from the nasal passages.
[14C]Glucosamine Incorporation into Intestinal Glycoproteins by Calf Intestinal Epithelium in Organ Culture
Authors: Staley Theodore E. , Redmond Charles F. , Gilliland Stanley E. , Bush Linville J. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The uptake and incorporation of [14C]glucosamine into secreted intestinal glycoproteins was examined in the calf intestinal mucosa and isolated epithelial cells, using an organ culture system. Incorporation varied with the area of the intestine, ie duodenum > jejunum > ileum. Secreted glycoproteins were examined after 3 and 24 hours in organ culture. Initially, a glycoprotein ~ 68,000 molecular weight (mol wt) was secreted by all areas of the intestine. This was followed by the appearance of a larger glycoprotein 106 to 107 mol wt. Enzymatic cleavage of jejunal brush borders released a glycocalyx glycoprotein similar in size to the secreted large mol wt glycoprotein. These similarities in mol wt are only suggestive evidence that the 2 large glycoproteins are the same.
This procedure allows for the study of the maturation and development of a poorly understood component of the intestinal epithelial cell which has a wide range of functional considerations.
Campylobacter fetus subsp jejuni: Its Possible Significance in Enteric Disease of Calves and Lambs
Authors: Firehammer B. D. , Myers L. L. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Fecal samples from 127 diarrheic and 3 healthy beef calves, representing 25 herds with enteric disease, were cultured for Campylobacter, using filtration and a selective medium. Campylobacter fetus subsp jejuni (cfj) was isolated from 51 (40%) of the diarrheic calves representing 14 (56%) herds and from the 3 clinically healthy calves (1 each in 3 of these 14 herds). Campylobacter fetus subsp intestinalis was not isolated from the calves. Fecal samples from 36 diarrheic and 20 healthy lambs representing 8 ranches were negative for Campylobacter.
Isolates of cfj from aborted lambs and from the feces of calves, ducks, dogs, and persons, appeared identical from the standpoint of morphology and physiologic reactions.
In 12 calves and 5 lambs fed cultures, cfj became colonized. Three of the calves developed diarrhea, but 2 were compromised by other disorders at the time of challenge exposure. None of the other calves or lambs developed diarrhea, but 10 of the calves and all of the lambs had frank or occult blood in the feces. Lamb intestinal loops were not distended by cultures of cfj, but some cultures caused pathologic changes in the loops. None of 10 cultures of cfj tested caused diarrhea in infant mice.
Campylobacter fetus subsp jejuni is apparently capable of causing irritation and pathologic changes in the intestinal tract of young calves and lambs. Additional studies are needed to assess the role of cfj in spontaneous enteric disease of calves.