bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reversible Carbon Dioxide/Lithium Oxalate Regulation toward Advanced Aprotic Lithium Carbon Dioxide Battery
Authors: Wang Yi‐Feng , Song Li‐Na , Zheng Li‐Jun , Wang Yue , Wu Jia‐Yi , Xu Ji‐Jing 
Published: February 2024

AbstractLi−CO2 batteries have received significant attention owing to their advantages of combining greenhouse gas utilization and energy storage. However, the high kinetic barrier between gaseous CO2 and the Li2CO3 product leads to a low operating voltage (<2.5 V) and poor energy efficiency. In addition, the reversibility of Li2CO3 has always been questioned owing to the introduction of more decomposition paths caused by its higher charging plateau. Here, a novel “trinity” Li−CO2 battery system was developed by synergizing CO2, soluble redox mediator (2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidoxyl, as TEM RM), and reduced graphene oxide electrode to enable selective conversion of CO2 to Li2C2O4. The designed Li−CO2 battery exhibited an output plateau reaching up to 2.97 V, higher than the equilibrium potential of 2.80 V for Li2CO3, and an ultrahigh round‐trip efficiency of 97.1 %. The superior performance of Li−CO2 batteries is attributed to the TEM RM‐mediated preferential growth mechanism of Li2C2O4, which enhances the reaction kinetics and rechargeability. Such a unique design enables batteries to cope with sudden CO2‐deficient environments, which provides an avenue for the rationally design of CO2 conversion reactions and a feasible guide for next‐generation Li−CO2 batteries.
Enantioselective Tsuji‐Trost α‐Fluoroallylation of Amino Acid Esters with Gem‐Difluorinated Cyclopropanes
Authors: Su Zheng , Tan Binhong , He Hui , Chen Kaifeng , Chen Shixin , Lei Hongtao , Chen Tie‐Gen , Ni Shao‐Fei , Li Zhaodong 
Published: February 2024

AbstractA novel enantioselective Tsuji–Trost‐type cross coupling reaction between gem‐difluorinated cyclopropanes and N‐unprotected amino acid esters enabled by synergistic Pd/Ni/chiral aldehyde catalysis is presented herein. This transformation streamlined the diversity‐oriented synthesis (DOS) of optically active α‐quaternary α‐amino acid esters bearing a linear 2‐fluoroallylic motif, which served as an appealing platform for the construction of other valuable enantioenriched compounds. The key intermediates were confirmed by HRMS detection, while DFT calculations revealed that the excellent enantioselectivity was attributed to the stabilizing non‐covalent interactions between the Pd(II)‐π‐fluoroallyl species and the Ni(II)‐Schiff base complex.
Asymmetric Synthesis of Trisubstituted Vicinal Diols through Copper(I)‐Catalyzed Diastereoselective and Enantioselective Allylation of Ketones with Siloxypropadienes
Authors: Jiang Nan , Liu Pei‐Zhi , Pan Zhi‐Zhou , Wang Si‐Qing , Peng Qian , Yin Liang 
Published: February 2024

AbstractChiral trisubstituted vicinal diols are a type of important organic compounds, serving as both common structure units in bioactive natural products and chiral auxiliaries in asymmetric synthesis. Herein, by using siloxypropadienes as the precursors of allyl copper(I) species, a copper(I)‐catalyzed diastereoselective and enantioselective reductive allylation of ketones was achieved, providing both syn‐diols and anti‐diols in good to excellent enantioselectivity. DFT calculations show that cis‐γ‐siloxy‐allyl copper species are generated favorably with either 1‐TBSO‐propadiene or 1‐TIPSO‐propadiene. Moreover, the steric difference of TBS group and TIPS group distinguishes the face selectivity of acetophenone, leading to syn‐selectivity for 1‐TBSO‐propadiene and anti‐selectivity for 1‐TIPSO‐propadiene. Easy transformations of the products were performed, demonstrating the synthetic utility of the present method. Moreover, one chiral diol prepared in the above transformations was used as a suitable organocatalyst for the catalytic asymmetric reductive self‐coupling of aldimines generated in situ with B2(neo)2.
Unlocking Amides: A General Method for the Self‐Immolative Release of Amide‐Containing Molecules
Authors: Wharton Thomas , Crawshay‐Williams Felicity , Schober Tim , Floto R. Andres , Spring David R. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe controlled liberation of molecules from a constructed framework is a subject of profound interest across various chemical fields. It allows for the masking of a molecule's properties and precise deployment upon a single controllable release event. While numerous methodologies have been developed for amines, alcohols, and thiols, approaches for utilising amides as payload‐release handles are still in their early stages of development, despite the prevalence of amides in therapeutic compounds and materials. Herein, is presented a comprehensive strategy for the controlled and selective release of a diverse range of amides with stable linkers. The versatility of this approach is demonstrated by its successful application in the targeted release of various amide‐containing drugs in their natural form via the use of commonly used trigger motifs, such as dipeptides or glycosides. As a proof of concept, the FDA‐approved antibiotic linezolid has been successfully converted into a prodrug form and released selectively only in the presence of the trigger event. Significantly, in its prodrug state, no activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis was exhibited. Linezolid's full potential was achieved only upon controlled release, where an equipotent efficacy to the free linezolid control was demonstrated, thus emphasising the immense potential of this method.
Alternating ring‐opening copolymerization of cyclic anhydrides and epoxides by zeolitic imidazolate framework‐67: A promising approach
Authors: Xiao Longqiang , Hu Congyi , Su Nan , Cai Jingyu , Hou Linxi 
Published: February 2024

The ring opening copolymerization (ROCOP) of epoxides and cyclic anhydrides is one of the most important ways to synthesize polyesters both in industrial and academic fields. Herein, the zeolitic imidazolate framework‐67 (ZIF‐67) was used as a heterogeneous catalyst for the ROCOP of epoxides and cyclic anhydrides without co‐catalyst and initiator. Notably, the obtained polyesters with alternate structures were proved by the 1H NMR spectrum and FTIR spectrum, which indicate the ROCOP is alternatively copolymerized. Kinetic study of the ROCOP of cyclohexene oxide (CHO) and phthalic anhydride (PA) shows that the polymerization reaction is first‐order kinetics. The apparent activation energy (Ea) of the ROCOP of CHO and PA catalyzed by ZIF‐67 was found to be about 104.4 KJ/mol. A possible mechanism of ROCOP of CHO and PA is that the metal Co coordinates with the oxygen atom on the monomer to weaken the C‐O bond thereby opening the ring structure and initiating the copolymerization reaction. In this study, a new system for the copolymerization of epoxide and anhydride catalyzed by heterogeneous catalysts was discovered, which has important guiding significance.
Improved electro‐actuation property of dielectric elastomer composites regulated by one‐dimensional CaCu3Ti4O12@TiO2 core–shell construction
Authors: Gao Yanfei , Zhao Hang , Zhang Na , Zhang Chuying , Wang Huiqin , Zhu Tongguang , Bai Jinbo 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDielectric elastomers (DEs) are typical electro‐active polymers that can achieve an electro‐actuated deformation under an applied electric field. However, obtaining a large low‐field‐actuated strain of DEs is still a key challenge, which is critical to their practical application range. Herein, a typical CaCu3Ti4O12@TiO2 (CCTO@TiO2) core–shell‐structured nanowires were synthesized by the micro‐emulsion method. Additionally, a series of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)‐based DE composites combining variable proportions of CCTO@TiO2 were prepared. The CCTO@TiO2 nanowires with the design of both decreasing dielectric constant from core to shell and a high aspect ratio can provide larger heterogeneous interfaces for the DE composites, leading to a promoted interfacial polarization. The maximum electro‐actuated strain of 37.66% is achieved from the DE composite incorporated with 20 wt% CCTO@TiO2 when subjected to a relatively low electric field of 40 V/μm, which is 14 times higher than that of pure PDMS (strain ~2.5%). Moreover, the composite exhibits the largest electro‐actuated strain (45.83%) under the electric field approaching its breakdown strength of 43.57 V/μm. The results demonstrate that the one‐dimensional core–shell nanowires have a positive effect on improving the low‐field‐actuated strain of DE composites. This research reveals an effective and feasible method to prepare the DE composites exhibiting enhanced low‐field electro‐actuated characteristics.
A comparative untargeted metabolomic analysis and assessment of antiplasmodial potential of nine Albizia species
Authors: El Khodary Yosra A. , Ayoub Iriny M. , Pério Pierre , Bourgeade‐Delmas Sandra , Ibrahim Nehal , El‐Ahmady Sherweit H. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe genus Albizia is one of the richest genera in phenolics besides other classes of secondary metabolites including saponins, terpenes, and alkaloids with promising medicinal applications. In the current study, UHPLC‐PDA‐ESI‐MS/MS‐based metabolic profiling of leaves of Albizia lebbeck, Albizia julibrissin, Albizia odoratissima, Albizia procera, Albizia anthelmintica, Albizia guachapele, Albizia myriophylla, Albizia richardiana, and Albizia lucidior resulted in the tentative identification of 64 metabolites, mainly flavonoids, phenolic acids, saponins, and alkaloids. Some metabolites were identified in Albizia for the first time and could be used as species‐specific chemotaxonomic markers, including: apigenin 7‐O‐dihydroferuloyl hexoside isomers, apigenin 7‐O‐pentosyl hexoside, quercetin 3‐O‐rutinoside 7‐O‐deoxyhexoside, quercetin 3,7‐di‐O‐hexoside deoxyhexoside, quercetin 7‐O‐feruloyl hexoside, methyl myricetin 7‐O‐deoxyhexoside, kaempferol di‐3‐O‐di‐deoxyhexoside‐7‐O‐hexoside, and kaempferol 3‐O‐neohesperidoside 7‐O‐hexoside. Comparative untargeted metabolomic analysis was undertaken to discriminate between species and provide a chemotaxonomic clue that can be used together with morphological and genetic analyses for more accurate classification within this genus. Moreover, the in vitro antiplasmodial activity was assessed and correlated to the metabolic profile of selected species. This was followed by a molecular docking study and absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) prediction of the identified budmunchiamine alkaloids, revealing promising interactions with the active site of lactate dehydrogenase of Plasmodium falciparum and good pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, which could help in designing novel antimalarial drugs.
Lessons from the apparent peculiar nature of the star TYC 6544‐3483‐1
Authors: Martí Josep , Luque‐Escamilla Pedro L. , Marcote Benito , del Ser Daniel , Romero Gustavo E. , Peri Cintia S. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWe report a radio and optical study of the star TYC 6544‐3483‐1 originally selected as a follow‐up target in the course of our efforts to cross‐identify Galactic high‐energy sources. The star by itself finally turned out to be a very ordinary main‐sequence star despite the initial expectations that apparently pointed to the contrary. We found that its, at first glance, exotic properties arise as a combined consequence of the limited angular resolution of the radio and optical databases being used. Our preliminary astrophysical interpretation was strongly hampered by the presence of unexpected optical variables inside both the photometric and background apertures. While such an ill‐posed situation is not a frequent one, we believe that our experience is worth sharing with the community to raise a word of caution and help to avoid similar misleading results, especially when dealing with modern TESS data.
Skin wound healing in diabetic rat model using low‐dose photodynamic therapy
Authors: Khorsandi Khatereh , Fekrazad Reza 
Published: February 2024

AbstractChronic wound is one of the major challenges in medicine and imposes a heavy financial burden on the healthcare of different countries. Diabetic foot ulcers as one of the important examples for chronic wounds can lead to lower limb amputation, disability, and death in diabetics. In this regard, novel technology with low side effects got attention in recent years. Low‐dose photodynamic therapy (LDPDT) is one of the noninvasive techniques that can be considered for wound healing in diabetic wounds. In this experiment, we aim to study the effect of LDPDT on diabetic rats’ wound healing and compare it to healthy rats. In this in vitro experimental study, 32 male rats were used. Rats in both normal and diabetic (streptozotocin injection) groups after being wounded (two wounds [0.8 × 0.8 cm]) on the back of each rat were randomly divided into four groups, including the control group (without treatment), radiation‐only (660 nm−1 J/cm2) group, 5‐ALA‐only (1 µg/mL) group, and LDPDT‐recipient group. The procedure has been done for 2 days, and at the end of Days 3, 7, 14, and 21, the wound sample was sent to the histopathology laboratory, and the wound size and tissue indices in these groups were evaluated by histology and microscopy techniques. The impact of low concentrations of 5‐ALA and low irradiation energy density in both normal and diabetic rats were positive, which accelerated the wound‐healing process as seen in the histology study. In diabetic rats treated with only radiation and LDPDT, the process of epithelial regeneration, collagen production, reduction of mast cells, and production of follicles was more as compared to the normal group. The results suggest that LDPDT can have a positive impact on the diabetic rat model wound healing.
Neuroprotective effects of annexin A1 tripeptide in rats with sepsis‐associated encephalopathy
Authors: Cui Qiao , Qin Nannan , Zhang Yonghan , Miao Yanmei , Xie Leiyu , Ma Xinglong , Zhang Zhiquan , Xie Peng 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSepsis‐associated encephalopathy (SAE) is characterized by high incidence and mortality rates, with limited treatment options available. The underlying mechanisms and pathogenesis of SAE remain unclear. Annexin A1 (ANXA1), a membrane‐associated protein, is involved in various in vivo pathophysiological processes. This study aimed to explore the neuroprotective effects and mechanisms of a novel bioactive ANXA1 tripeptide (ANXA1sp) in SAE. Forty Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups (n = 10 each): control, SAE (intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide), vehicle (SAE + normal saline), and ANXA1sp (SAE + ANXA1sp) groups. Changes in serum inflammatory factors (interleukin‐6 [IL‐6], tumor necrosis factor‐α [TNF‐α]), hippocampal reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels were measured. The Morris water maze and Y maze tests were used to assess learning and memory capabilities in the rats. Further, changes in peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor‐gamma (PPAR‐γ) and apoptosis‐related protein expression were detected using western blot. The IL‐6, TNF‐α, and ROS levels were significantly increased in the SAE group compared with the levels in the control group. Intraperitoneal administration of ANXA1sp led to a significant decrease in the IL‐6, TNF‐α, and ROS levels (p < 0.05). Compared with the SAE group, the ANXA1sp group exhibited reduced escape latency on day 5, a significant increase in the number of platform crossings and the percent spontaneous alternation, and significantly higher hippocampal MMP and ATP levels (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, the expression level of PPAR‐γ protein in the ANXA1sp group was significantly increased compared with that in the other groups (p < 0.05). The expressions of apoptosis‐related proteins (nuclear factor‐kappa B [NF‐κB], Bax, and Caspase‐3) in the SAE and vehicle groups were significantly increased, with a noticeable decrease in Bcl‐2 expression, compared with that noted in the control group. Moreover, the expressions of NF‐κB, Bax, and Caspase‐3 were significantly decreased in the ANXA1sp group, and the expression of Bcl‐2 was markedly increased (p < 0.05). ANXA1sp can effectively reverse cognitive impairment in rats with SAE. The neuroprotective effect of ANXA1sp may be attributed to the activation of the PPAR‐γ pathway, resulting in reduced neuroinflammatory response and inhibition of apoptosis.
Thinking beyond deficits in Southwest China: Perspectives of ethnic minority teachers on academic achievement disparities among students
Authors: Liu Qian , Colak Fatma Zehra , Agirdag Orhan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractGlobal and national education agendas are concerned with improving the quality and equality of learning outcomes. School systems involuntarily continue to produce new and perpetuate existing inequities and injustices, particularly for minority students. While previous research has highlighted the potential causes and effects of educational inequity, little is known about the perspectives of teachers with minoritised backgrounds regarding the persistence of and responses to educational disparities. This research draws on the literature on deficit thinking and culturally responsive teaching to explore the views of ethnic minority teachers on students' academic achievement disparities in an ethnically diverse region of China. Interviews with 12 ethnic minority teachers show ethnic, biological and cultural deficit thinking when discussing students' schooling. Participants attributed their deficient‐oriented thinking to their earlier teacher education experiences, where they acquired the discourse of zhiguo minzu concerning the different sociohistorical developments of minority groups in China. However, teacher participants stated that they also engaged in culturally responsive teaching to support the ethnic identities of their students. These findings draw attention to the multi‐layered perspectives of ethnic minority teachers, which comprise both the reproducing and the challenging of inequities about minorities.
An idea to explore: Cultivating the art of proposal writing among graduate students
Authors: Kar Rajiv K. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractProposal writing is an essential requirement for making progress in academics. Learning this skill necessitates support from a mentor to cultivate effective habits. It entails effective strategies from graduate students, such as literature reading and using online tools. Additionally, they must develop an understanding of resource accountability, system thinking, and considering deadlines as a driving force. Good practices for effective proposal writing also involve planning to summarize the work done in the field. Moreover, it requires ideal mentor support by providing timely assistance, helping students overcome impostor syndrome, sharing successful proposals, and creating a cooperative environment.
Analysis of factors influencing women's participation in engineering education: An improved fuzzy DEMATEL approach
Authors: Wang Mei , Lu Jun , Zhang Xinlin , Wang Bo , Cao Le 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis study focuses on promoting women's participation in engineering education (WPEE), which is crucial for inclusive and innovative development in the engineering fields and key to achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Due to the global shortage of women engineers, there is a need. to find effective ways to increase WPEE. This study aims to identify key factors that influence WPEE, which should be prioritized in policymaking. By adopting a three‐round Delphi survey and an improved fuzzy DEMATEL model, the findings reveal that the factors influencing WPEE are complex and multifaceted. Within the Chinese context, six factors, including hobbies and interest, employment expectation, parental occupation, incentive measures, social attitudes, and employment prospects, have been identified as key determinants of WPEE, exhibiting greater centrality and causality than others. This study not only provides empirical evidence from China but also introduces a novel approach to identifying key factors promoting WPEE, offering significant insights into global policy and practice.
Photoisomerization and Light‐Controlled Antibacterial Activity of Fluoroquinolone‐Azoisoxazole Hybrids
Authors: Dolai Anirban , Bhunia Supriya , Jana Santosh Kumar , Bera Satyajit , Mandal Sukhendu , Samanta Subhas 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPhotopharmacology holds a huge untapped potential to locally treat diseases involving photoswitchable drugs via the elimination of drugs’ off‐target effects. The growth of this field has created a pressing demand to develop such light‐active drugs. We explored the potential for creating photoswitchable antibiotic hybrids by attaching pharmacophores norfloxacin/ciprofloxacin and azoisoxazole (photoswitch). All compounds exhibited a moderate to a high degree of bidirectional photoisomerization, long thermal cis half‐lives, and impressive photoresistance. Gram‐negative pathogens were found to be insensitive to these hybrids, while against Gram‐positive pathogens, all hybrids in their trans states exhibited antibacterial activity that is comparable to that of the parent drugs. Notably, the toxicity of the irradiated hybrid 6 was found to be 2‐fold lower than the nonirradiated trans isomer, indicating that the pre‐inactivated cis‐enriched drug can be employed for the site‐specific treatment of bacterial infection using light, which could potentially eliminate the unwanted exposure of toxic antibiotics to both beneficial and untargeted harmful microbes in our body. Molecular docking revealed different binding affinity of the cis and trans isomers with the topoisomerase IV enzyme, due to their different shapes.
Exo‐Selective Diels–Alder Reactions
Authors: Li Yuan‐He , Chen Jia‐Hua , Yang Zhen 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe Diels–Alder reaction stands as one of the most pivotal transformations in organic chemistry. Its efficiency, marked by the formation of two carbon‐carbon bonds and up to four new stereocenters in a single step, underscores its versatility and indispensability in synthesizing natural products and pharmaceuticals. The most significant stereoselectivity feature is the “endo rule”. While this rule underpins the predictability of the stereochemical outcomes, it also underscores the challenges in achieving the opposite diastereoselectivity, making the exo‐Diels–Alder reactions often considered outliers. This review delves into recent examples of exo‐Diels–Alder reactions, shedding light on the factors inverting the intrinsic tendency. We explore the roles of steric, electrostatic, and orbital interactions, as well as thermodynamic equilibriums in influencing exo/endo selectivity. Furthermore, we illustrate strategies to manipulate these factors, employing approaches such as bulky substituents, s‐cis conformations, transient structural constraints, and innovative control physics. Through these analyses, our aim is to provide a comprehensive understanding of how to predict and design exo‐Diels–Alder reactions, paving the way for new diastereoselective catalyst systems and expanding the chemical scope of Diels–Alder reactions.
The Heyns Rearrangement: Synthetic Routes Beyond Carbohydrate Chemistry
Authors: Barranco Stefano , Cuccu Federico , Uras Mauro , Frongia Angelo 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis concept review describes the recent achievements on the Heyns rearrangement appeared in literature over the last decade and aims to provide the reader with a general overview of the fundamental synthetic advances in this research area.