bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of novel amino(alkylamino)deoxychitins and the adsorption behavior of acid dye onto the resulting polymers
Authors: Shimizu Yoshiaki , Akiyama Kenji , Saito Yoshihiro , Nakamura Takeo 
Published: May 2007

AbstractNovel chitin‐based materials were synthesized and the adsorption behavior of typical acid dyes to the resulting polymers has been evaluated. The successful synthetic reaction was confirmed by the infrared spectroscopic measurements. By the reaction of alkalichitin with tosyl chloride, the corresponding tosylchitin was synthesized as a soluble and reactive precursor. Next, aminodeoxychitin was synthesized by the reaction of the tosylchitin with ammonia. Similarly, 2′‐aminoethylamino‐ and 6′‐aminohexylaminodeoxychitins were synthesized by reacting the tosylchitin with ethylenediamine and hexamethylenediamine, respectively. It has been confirmed that the adsorption abilities of these polymers for acid dyes were significantly high, and also that one of the aminodeoxychitins showed a high adsorption ability for Cu2+ ion. On the basis of the adsorption data of acid dye on the aminodeoxychitin, the tosylchitin and the original chitin, the amino group contents at C6 and C2 positions were estimated. The aminodeoxychitin and aminoalkylaminodeoxychitins could be applicable to the adsorbent for anionic dyes and Cu2+ ion along with a precursor for further novel derivatives. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2007
Estimating the number of pure chemical components in a mixture by maximum likelihood
Authors: Levina E. , Wagaman A.S. , Callender A.F. , Mandair G.S. , Morris M.D. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis paper addresses the problem of determining the number of pure chemical components in a mixture by applying the maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) of intrinsic dimension. The application here is to Raman spectroscopy data, although the method is general and can be applied to any type of data from a chemical mixture. We show that the MLE produces superior results compared to other methods on both simulated and real chemical mixtures, and is accurate even when minor components are present. Even if the signal‐to‐noise (SN) ratio is very low, accurate estimates can still be obtained by smoothing the data before applying the estimator, this approach is illustrated on two real datasets with high noise levels. Since the MLE is computed locally at every data point, we also show how the local estimates can be used for other applications, such as segmenting the specimen into homogeneous regions. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Empirical Kriging models and their applications to QSAR
Authors: Yin Hong , Li Runze , Fang Kai‐Tai , Liang Yi‐Zeng 
Published: May 2007

AbstractA general Kriging model consists of two additive components: a parametric term and a stochastic error process. It is known that Kriging is an interpolating predictor and allows for a better fit to the data, but suffers from a decreasing ability to generalize to unseen data. By incorporating a disturbing or an independent random error term into Kriging model, the resulting model, which is called empirical Kriging model in the literature, may provide more accurate prediction for the highly noisy data than the Kriging model. This paper presents an extensive survey of the empirical Kriging model for quantitative structure‐activity relationship (QSAR) research and extends the parameters estimation technique with highly efficiency. In addiction, QSAR models are established by combining Kriging model or empirical Kriging model with principal components regression (PCR) and partial least squares regression (PLSR). We demonstrate for the real data set that the suggested empirical Kriging model can significantly improve the prediction ability of some commonly used models, including the Kriging model. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Composing hybrid wavelets for optimum and near‐optimum representation and accelerated evaluation of N‐way data sets
Authors: Luttrell Robert D. , Gilbert Michael K. , Vogt Frank 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIn hyphenated measurement devices, temporal, spatial, and spectral resolutions continue to increase. While this is advantageous from a chemical sensing perspective, the amount of data grows exponentially; this imposes challenges on Chemometric algorithms resulting in long computation times. In online sensing, however, time resolution is of vital importance and time delays introduced by lengthy computations become unacceptable. Further, in many applications, data need to be documented and a continuous stream of large data sets presents another technical burden regarding archiving space. This work builds on the previous wavelet studies that have already been published. It was found that there is no reason to use the same wavelet for all dimensions of a data set. ‘Hybrid wavelets’ were introduced which combine different wavelets; this facilitates fine‐tuning of the compression. The challenge in using hybrid wavelets lies in the very large number of possible wavelet combinations. A method is presented that automatically determines the optimum and near‐optimum wavelet combinations for a given data set. These wavelet combinations are found by evaluating each dimension of the data set separately. This procedure enables an optimization of computation speed, compressed data set size and accuracy of the Chemometric model.Two data cubes acquired from two different experiments are used to show the selection algorithm's capabilities. These examples demonstrate that this algorithm selects hybrid wavelets that are superior to randomly selected wavelet combinations regarding data approximation, compressed data set size, and acceleration of computations. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simulated moving columns technique for enantioselective supercritical fluid chromatography
Authors: Zhang Yingru , Dai Jun , Wang‐Iverson David B. , Tymiak Adrienne A. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis article describes a very useful extension of an unique column switching technique called “Simulated Moving Columns” (SMC) that was previously reported for chiral high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) (Zhang and McConnell, Journal of Chromatography A 2004;1028:227–238). SMC uses two or three short chiral columns connected in series, and enables the unresolved enantiomers to separate repeatedly and exclusively through each of the columns until sufficient resolution is attained. The technique is significantly enhanced through the use of supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC). The supercritical or near critical carbon dioxide (CO2) used in the mobile phase of SFC possesses the properties of a liquid as well as a gas, and usually results in much sharper peaks compared to HPLC. Consequently, by combining SMC with SFC (SMC‐SFC), we were able to dramatically increase the number of SMC cycles with significantly less band broadening compared to HPLC. For the first time, an enantioselective SFC separation was demonstrated by increasing the column from the actual 20 cm length to reach a half meter virtual length with remarkably enhanced efficiency. Off‐column band broadening resulting from a two‐column SMC system was measured, and its impact on the enantioselectivity of SMC‐SFC was found to be much less than in SMC‐HPLC. Chirality, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prognostic implications of cell cycle‐related proteins in primary resectable pathologic N2 nonsmall cell lung cancer
Authors: Mohamed Sherif , Yasufuku Kazuhiro , Hiroshima Kenzo , Nakajima Takahiro , Yoshida Shigetoshi , Suzuki Makoto , Sekine Yasuo , Shibuya Kiyoshi , Iizasa Toshihiko , Farouk Atef , Fujisawa Takehiko 
Published: May 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND.Patients who have pathologic N2 (pN2) nonsmall cell lung cancer (pN2 NSCLC) represent a heterogeneous group with regard to prognosis and treatment. Molecular features of NSCLC seem to be of interest. For the current study, to select an appropriate therapeutic strategy for each patient, patients with N2 NSCLC were stratified into homogenous subgroups according to the expression profiles of cell cycle‐related markers.METHODS.The expression levels of retinoblastoma protein (pRb), cyclin D1, p16, p53, and p21 proteins and values of the Ki‐67 labeling index were evaluated in 61 primary surgically resected tumor specimens from patients with pN2 NSCLC using immunohistochemistry. The prognostic impact of these markers on overall survival was analyzed in both univariate and multivariate analyses.RESULTS.In univariate analysis, p21, p16, and Ki‐67 were correlated significantly with survival. In multivariate analysis, only p21 and p16 influenced survival. Indeed, the group of patients with pN2 NSCLC who were positive for p21 and p16 had the most favorable overall survival (P= .001) and were correlated significantly with the clinical lymph node (cN) status (cN2 disease;P= .008). Moreover, no significant difference in survival was observed between patients with cN0/cN1 disease and patients with cN2 disease within the group (P= .4333).CONCLUSIONS.Loss of control of cell‐cycle checkpoints is a common occurrence in pN2 NSCLC. Functional cooperation between different cell‐cycle regulators constitutes another level of regulation in cell growth control and tumor suppression. Preoperative patients with pN2 NSCLC, even those with cN2 disease, who have positive p21 and p16 protein expression in their primary tumors are expected to have a favorable postoperative prognosis and may be candidates for primary resection. Cancer 2007. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
Medically related legal needs and quality of life in cancer care
Authors: Zevon Michael A. , Schwabish Stephen , Donnelly James P. , Rodabaugh Kerry J. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND.This study investigated the interface of medical and legal systems by empirically identifying and evaluating the relation of medically related legal needs and patient quality of life and by assessing the degree to which these needs were addressed in standard patient care.METHODS.Medically related legal needs were identified in a focus group setting. These needs were subsequently sorted and rated by a sample of 50 mixed‐site cancer patients (22 men and 28 women; mean age, 52 years) and subjected to multidimensional scaling and cluster analyses. Participants also rated each need in terms of the extent to which it was met in their medical care and the impact on their quality of life.RESULTS.Participants identified 30 medically related legal needs. Multivariate analyses identified 4 distinct medical‐legal domains: Health Care Related, Estate Related, Financial, and Employment Related. Participants rated these domains as exerting a significant impact on quality of life. Patients reported that that these needs were not met by their current medical or supportive care.CONCLUSIONS.The present study identified a range of medically related legal needs of cancer patients. Despite their importance to patient quality of life, these needs were not met by standard medical and supportive care. Findings underscored the need to integrate legal resources into cancer care as an important component of interventions that enhance patient quality of life. Cancer 2007. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
Risk factors for infections with multidrug‐resistant Stenotrophomonas maltophilia in patients with cancer
Authors: Ansari Shoaib R. , Hanna Hend , Hachem Ray , Jiang Ying , Rolston Kenneth , Raad Issam 
Published: May 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND.Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is responsible for an increasing number of infections, especially in hospitalized patients. Therapy options are limited and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX) is often the main treatment option for this infection. In the current study, the risk factors were determined for the emergence of multidrug‐resistant (MDR) S. maltophilia.METHODS.A case‐control study was conducted to determine risk factors for the development of MDR S. maltophilia in cancer patients. The case group was composed of patients treated at the University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center for MDR S. maltophilia between 1996 and 2004 (n = 54). Two control groups were used: patients at comparable risk for S. maltophilia (C‐controls) and patients with S. maltophilia infection that was susceptible to TMP‐SMX and at least 2 other antibiotics (ciprofloxacin, ceftazidime, amikacin, and ticarcillin/clavulanate) (S‐controls).RESULTS.When compared with C‐controls, prior use of carbapenems or quinolones and admission to an intensive care unit within 30 days of isolation of the pathogen were found to be independently associated with MDR S. maltophilia infection (P < .02), as was an increased overall mortality rate (P = .04). When compared with S‐controls, risk factors were history of S. maltophilia infection during the prior year and prior use of TMP‐SMX (P = .015).CONCLUSIONS.Judicious use of TMP‐SMX, carbapenems, and quinolones is necessary to control the risk for MDR S. maltophilia infection. Cancer 2007. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
Histopathologic grading of adult medulloblastomas
Authors: Rodriguez Fausto J. , Eberhart Charles , O'Neill Brian Patrick , Slezak Jeff , Burger Peter C. , Goldthwaite Patricia , Wu Wenting , Giannini Caterina 
Published: May 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND.Histopathologic evaluation of the degree and extent of anaplasia is a useful prognostic parameter in pediatric medulloblastomas. Whether the same applies to adult medulloblastomas is not known.METHODS.The study included 74 adult patients with histologically confirmed medulloblastomas and retrospectively reassessed 67 cases with available slides for the presence of nodularity, collagen deposition (desmoplasia without nodules), and degree and extent of anaplasia.RESULTS.Patients included 43 men and 31 women with the following age distribution: 18–40 years (84%); 41–50 years (9%); and 51–70 years (7%). At last follow‐up, 56 patients were alive with a mean follow‐up of 6.3 years (range, 0.1–20.8 years). A variety of treatments were employed during the study period, including postoperative radiation (85%) and chemotherapy (27%). Precise treatment modalities were unknown in 12% of patients. Anaplasia was absent (34%), mild (34%), moderate (27%), or severe (5%). Severe anaplasia was diffuse in 2 cases and focal in 1, although in the latter cases severe anaplasia was diffusely present at the time of disease recurrence. Male sex was associated with decreased 10‐year recurrence‐free survival (40% vs 66%; P = .021) and overall survival (38% vs 68%; P = .005). Severe anaplasia at first resection was found to be an independent predictor of decreased recurrence‐free survival (P = .005) and overall survival (P = .015).CONCLUSIONS.The incidence of severe anaplasia in adult medulloblastomas is lower than in the pediatric population. Male sex and the presence of severe anaplasia at the time of first resection are predictors of decreased recurrence‐free and overall survival. However, the significance of severe anaplasia should be regarded with caution based on the small number of tumors with this feature in the current study. Cancer 2007. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
Stereotactic radiosurgery alone versus resection plus whole‐brain radiotherapy for 1 or 2 brain metastases in recursive partitioning analysis class 1 and 2 patients
Authors: Rades Dirk , Bohlen Guenther , Pluemer Andre , Veninga Theo , Hanssens Patrick , Dunst Juergen , Schild Steven E. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND.The objective of this study was to compare stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) alone with resection plus whole‐brain radiotherapy (WBRT) for the treatment of patients in recursive partitioning analysis (RPA) class 1 and 2 who had 1 or 2 brain metastases.METHODS.Two hundred six patients in RPA class 1 and 2 who had 1 or 2 brain metastases were analyzed retrospectively. Patients in Group A (n = 94) received from 18 grays (Gy) to 25 Gy SRS, and patients in Group B (n = 112) underwent resection of their metastases and received 10 × 3 Gy/20 × 2 Gy WBRT. Eight other potential prognostic factors were evaluated regarding overall survival (OS), brain control (BC), and local control (LC) of treated metastases: age, sex, performance status, tumor type, number of brain metastases, extracranial metastases, RPA class, and interval from tumor diagnosis to treatment of brain metastases.RESULTS.A comparison of the 2 treatment groups did not reveal significantly different OS (P = .19), BC (P = .52), or LC (P = .25). In RPA subgroup analyses, outcome also did not differ significantly for either RPA class of patients (P values from .21 to .83). On multivariate analysis, improved OS was associated with age ≤60 years (relative risk [RR], 1.75; P = .002), better performance status (RR, 1.67; P = .015), no extracranial metastases (RR, 2.84; P < .001), interval from tumor diagnosis to treatment >12 months (RR, 1.70; P = .003), and RPA class 1 (RR, 1.51; P = .016). Improved BC was associated with a single metastasis (RR, 1.54; P = .034) and an interval from tumor diagnosis to treatment >12 months (RR, 1.58; P = .019), and improved LC was associated with an interval from tumor diagnosis to treatment >12 months (RR, 1.59; P = .047).CONCLUSIONS.SRS alone appeared to be as effective as resection plus WBRT in the treatment of 1 or 2 brain metastases for patients in RPA class 1 and 2. Patient outcomes were associated with age, Karnofsky performance status, number of brain metastases, extracranial metastases, RPA class, and interval from tumor diagnosis to treatment. Cancer 2007. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
Universal current‐mode filters and parasitic impedance effects on the filter performances
Authors: Yuce Erkan , Minaei Shahram 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIn this letter, two universal current‐mode (CM) filters for simultaneously realizing low‐pass, band‐pass and high‐pass characteristics are proposed. Both of the presented filters can also realize notch and all‐pass responses with interconnection of the relevant output currents. They employ second‐generation current‐controlled conveyors (CCCIIs) and only grounded capacitors. They also have low active and passive element sensitivities along with electronically adjustable angular resonance frequency (ω0) and quality factor (Q). Based on the first developed filter, the parasitic impedance effects of the conveyors on the filter performances are investigated in detail. Simulation results using SPICE simulation program are included to verify the theory. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Severe interference between retinal angiography and automated four‐color flow cytometry analysis of blood mononuclear cells
Authors: Bürgisser Philippe , Vaudaux Jean , Bart Pierre‐Alexandre 
Published: May 2007

AbstractBackground:Retinal angiography has become a widely used diagnostic tool. It requires the intravenous administration of the fluorescent dyes fluorescein and indocyanin green. We recently received blood taken 8 h after retinal angiography, without our knowing it. We describe the failure of an automated flow cytometry system in the enumeration of lymphocyte subpopulations in this sample.Methods:Cell enumeration was achieved by the use of the lyse‐no wash MultiTEST procedure (Becton‐Dickinson) together with the FACSCalibur cytometer. Absolute cell counts were obtained using TruCount beads. Data were analyzed automatically by the MultiSET and manually with the CellQuest softwares.Results:The dot plots obtained with this sample looked quite abnormal. All monuclear cells stained brightly in the FITC channel irrespective of anti‐CD3‐FITC conjugate binding. This resulted in a major undercompensation for the increased spillover of the fluorescein emission into the PE‐channel. PE‐labeled cell and TruCount bead events coalesced. The MultiSET software failed to draw proper gatings and proved useless. Alternative manual gatings could partially rescue the analysis.Conclusions:Clinicians and cytometrists should be aware that, because of dye entry or binding, blood mononuclear cells collected shortly after retinal angiography are not suitable even for common cytometry applications. © 2007 International Society for Analytical Cytology.
Structures of the b‐ and d‐Acid Derivatives of Vitamin B12 and Their Complexes with [M(CO)3]+ (M = 99mTc, Re)
Authors: Spingler Bernhard , Mundwiler Stefan , Ruiz‐Sánchez Pilar , van Staveren Dave R. , Alberto Roger 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe acid hydrolysis of natural vitamin B12 yields several products in which the acetamide or propionamide side chains on the corrin framework are converted into the corresponding acids. These acids can be derivatised with further functionalities. We have separated in particular the b‐ and the d‐acid derivatives 1 and 2, respectively, since functionalisation at these positions of the corrin ring generally keeps the affinity for vitamin B12 transport proteins intact. Although the authenticity of 1 and 2 seemed evident from 1H NMR investigations, it has not been supported by X‐ray structure analysis. The coupling of ethyl N‐(3‐aminopropyl)‐N‐(pyridin‐2‐ylmethyl)glycinate (3) to the carboxylate groups in 1 and 2 by peptide synthetic methods gave the vitamin B12 derivatives 4 and 5, respectively. The structures of 4 and 5 could be characterised by X‐ray analysis, which unambiguously confirmed the presence of the b‐ and d‐acid in 1 and 2, respectively. The reaction of 4 and 5 with the complex [Re(OH2)3(CO)3]+ in water gave the corresponding vitamin B12 derivatives 8 and 9, and the aqueous reaction of 4 and 5 with the complex [99mTc(OH2)3(CO)3]+ afforded the 99mTc homologues 10 and 11, respectively.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
The Role of Water in the Stereoselective Hydrogenation of 1,2‐Diphenylacetylene Catalyzed by the Water‐Soluble [{RuCl2(mtppms)2}2]
Authors: Kovács Gábor , Ujaque Gregori , Lledós Agustí , Joó Ferenc 
Published: May 2007

AbstractDensity functional theory with dielectric continuum models was applied to describe the reaction mechanism of thestereoselective hydrogenation of phenyl‐substituted alkynes with the water‐soluble ruthenium complex [{RuCl2(mtppms)2}2] mtppms [(meta‐sulfonatophenyl)diphenylphosphane] in acidic aqueous solutions. The water solvent is modelled by the inclusion of a small cluster of three water molecules in addition to a continuum model. The possible reaction mechanisms leading to the formation of the different (Z and E) stereoisomers are computationally evaluated. It was shown that the reaction takes place in two steps; one hydrogen comes from the hydrido complex, whereas the second hydrogen is transferred from the hydroxonium ions present in the solution. The formation of the different stereoisomers is determined by the order of the two hydrogenation steps, and the analysis suggests that the formation of the (Z)‐isomer is more favourable, which is consistent with the experimental results. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)