bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intimal Estrogen Receptor (ER)β, But Not ERα Expression, Is Correlated with Coronary Calcification and Atherosclerosis in Pre- and Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Christian Rose C. , Liu Peter Y. , Harrington Sean , Ruan Ming , Miller Virginia M. , Fitzpatrick Lorraine A. 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Background: Controversy exists over the association of estrogen and cardiovascular disease. Estrogen receptors (ERs) α and β are expressed in the endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) of many arteries, but the relative importance of ERα or ERβ in mediating the vascular response to estrogens is not well defined, particularly in humans. We have shown previously that postmenopausal women receiving hormone therapy (HT) had lower mean coronary artery calcium, plaque area, and calcium-to-plaque ratio compared with untreated women. In this study, we examined coronary artery ERα and ERβ expression in pre- and postmenopausal women as a function of plaque area, calcium area, calcium-to-plaque ratio, and estrogen status.
Methods: Coronary arteries were obtained at autopsy from a total of 55 women: nine premenopausal women, 13 postmenopausal women on HT and 33 untreated postmenopausal women (non-HT). Coronary calcification was quantified by contact microradiography, and atherosclerotic plaque area was measured histologically. Coronary artery cross-sections were immunostained for ERα and ERβ, and the amount of receptors was estimated semiquantitatively in each arterial wall layer (intima, adventitia, and media). Double immunofluorescence was used to colocalize ERα and ERβ with smooth muscle actin, a marker of VSMCs.
Results: ERβ and ERα were expressed in all artery wall layers, but most avidly in the media (P = 0.001), and colocalized with VSMCs. ERβ expression exceeded ERα expression in all wall layers (P &lt; 0.001) and was adjacent to areas of calcium deposition. ERβ expression in the intimal layer correlated with calcium content, plaque area, and calcium-to-plaque ratio (all P &lt; 0.01) and tended to be greater in non-HT than in HT women (P = 0.06). ERα expression did not vary significantly among groups, nor did it correlate with calcium content, plaque area or calcium-to-plaque ratio. Expression of ERα but not ERβ declined with age (P &lt; 0.01) in HT women only. Age had no effect on ERα or ERβ expression in non-HT or premenopausal women.
Conclusions: ERβ is the predominant ER in human coronary arteries and correlates with coronary calcification, a marker of severe atherosclerosis. Increased ERβ expression is linked to advanced atherosclerosis and calcification independent of age or hormone status. Future pharmacogenetic studies that target this receptor are needed to confirm causality.
Metabolic Factors Associated with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
Authors: Parsons J. Kellogg , Carter H. Ballentine , Partin Alan W. , Windham B. Gwen , Metter E. Jeffrey , Ferrucci Luigi , Landis Patricia , Platz Elizabeth A. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractContext: Benign prostatic hyperplasia poses a significant public health problem, but its etiology remains unclear. Obesity and associated abnormalities in glucose homeostasis may play a role in benign prostatic hyperplasia development by influencing prostate growth.Objective: The objective of this study was to determine whether obesity, fasting plasma glucose concentration, and diabetes are associated with radiologically determined prostate enlargement, an objective measure of benign prostatic hyperplasia.Design: This study was a cross-sectional analysis with robust variance estimates to account for multiple measures over time in the same individuals.Setting: This prospective cohort study was composed of community volunteers.Patients: Patients studied were 422 adult men enrolled in The Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging.Main Outcome Measurements: Total prostate volume as determined by pelvic magnetic resonance imaging was measured.Results: Among 422 participants, 91 (21.6%) had prostate enlargement (defined as total prostate volume ≥ 40 cc) at first visit. Compared with men of normal weight [body mass index (BMI) &lt; 25 kg/m2], the age-adjusted odds ratio (OR) for prostate enlargement for overweight men (BMI, 25–29.9 kg/m2) was 1.41 (95% CI, 0.84–2.37), for obese men (BMI, 30–34 kg/m2) was 1.27 (95% CI, 0.68–2.39), and for severely obese men (BMI ≥ 35 kg/m2) was 3.52 (95% CI, 1.45–8.56) (P = 0.01). Men with elevated fasting glucose (&gt;110 mg/dl) were more likely to have an enlarged prostate than men with normal fasting glucose (≤110 mg/dl) (OR, 2.98; 95% CI, 1.70–5.23), as were men with a diagnosis of diabetes (OR, 2.25; 95% CI, 1.23–4.11).Conclusions: Obesity, elevated fasting plasma glucose, and diabetes are risk factors for benign prostatic hyperplasia.
Telling in Time (III): Chronology, Estrangement, and Stories of Literary History
Authors: Sternberg Meir 
Published: April 2006

Trumpeted as the artistic hallmark, central to Russian Formalism, and persistent ever since, estrangement yet remains an ill-defined term. We have nothing like a comprehensive approach to it, equipped to specify its workings by kind, medium, art form, discourse level, historical context. Narrative, Shklovsky's own forte, would appear the paradigm case, as the most inclusive genre and the most akin to art's and life's temporal movement. I accordingly revisit “making strange,” with its branches and afterlives, from the viewpoint of narrative theory and history—especially in relation to my account of narrative dynamics, in this “Telling in Time” series and elsewhere. Above all, given Shklovsky's perceptual emphasis, does his master effect constitute the genre's universal, overlapping and/or rivaling the dynamics of prospection (“suspense”), retrospection (“curiosity”), and, especially, recognition (“surprise”)? Or is it only a pretender to the title, a fortiori to literature's and art's supreme value and motive power?The answer hinges on the equation, current since Formalism, of perceptual estrangement with temporal disarrangement: artistic sjuzhet is disordered, hence defamiliarized, fabula, à la Tristram Shandy. Itself a variant of the anti-chronologism that has always dominated narrative study—as early as in medias res—this formula proves untenable in all its versions and reversions. But the inquiry into it, and them, is nonetheless instructive. The versions consist in two silent Formalist logics of making strange: one absolute and universalist, the other more relativized to history, both originating in Shklovsky's own ambivalence, or thoughtlessness, and still going strong. The reversions include the underground pushing of the idea to some extremein (Post)Structuralist narratology—Genette's anti-perceptual, mind-less formalism, Barthes's drive against all sequentiality (actional, textual, historical) in the name of “writerly” license—as well as open follow-ups, in cognitivist and literary-empirical circles, for example.Through these lineages, inter alia, the argument develops a set of key issues and counterproposals. Thus the shifts of estrangement, as a value, between top and low priority; its affective, or experiential, constants and variables; its relation to narrativity, their respective limits included; its correlation of narrative's unmatched time repertoire with the temporalities of history, via survival tactics and more strategic dishabituating resources; the models that capture, or emplot, its birth-death-revival (hi)stories; its transfer from the life of art to the art of living; and, most fundamental, its endless form/function interplay in both synchrony and diachrony, under the Proteus Principle.
The Politics of Estrangement: Tracking Shklovsky's Device through Literary and Policing Practices
Authors: Vatulescu Cristina 
Published: April 2006

Critics have frequently accused Russian Formalism of supporting an apolitical separation of art from life. As a central Formalist term, estrangement (ostranenie) often bore the brunt of this accusation. Taking issue with this critique, this essay focuses on the entangled relationship between the aesthetics and politics of estrangement and argues that an attentive look at the history of estrangement reveals its deep involvement with revolutionary and police state politics. This essay traces estrangement's conflicted development through Victor Shklovsky's oeuvre and beyond, in the work of Nicolae Steinhardt and Joseph Brodsky, and also in secret police interrogation and reeducation practices and in CIA manuals.In Sentimental Journey, Shklovsky wrote that during the civil war, life itself was made strange and became art. Shklovsky's memoirs shed light on the effects of this revolutionary estrangement on the self. Furthermore, the memoirs reenacted this unsettling estrangement by incorporating elements of official Soviet genres, such as the trial deposition, the interrogation autobiography, and the letter to the government. As Shklovsky suggests, the effects of revolutionary estrangement on the self were certainly not limited to the therapeutic value of refreshing perception that is commonly ascribed to artistic estrangement. Indeed, estrangement of the self was a key device in secret police interrogation and reeducation practices; as such, it was instrumental in the politicized fashioning of the subject during Soviet times. In their confrontations with this police state brand of estrangement, writers like Joseph Brodsky and Nicolae Steinhardt further probed its methods and then appropriated its lessons for their own ends, developing self-estrangement as a new art of survival.
Photoinduced Cleavage of the C–C Bonds of 9-Alkyl-10-methyl-9,10-dihydroacridines by Perchloric Acid
Authors: Fukuzumi Shunichi , Tokuda Yoshihiro , Fujita Morifumi 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
The C–C single bonds of 9-alkyl-10-methyl-9,10-dihydroacridines [AcrHR: R = 1-naphthylmethyl, diphenylmethyl, and AcrH (dimer)] are readily cleaved by perchloric acid in acetonitrile under irradiation of the absorption band of AcrHR to yield the corresponding alkane (RH) and 10-methylacridinium ion (AcrH+).
Autocatalytic Reduction of Nitric Acid by an Acid-Stable NADH Analogue
Authors: Fukuzumi Shunichi , Yorisue Tomohiro 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
The reduction of nitric acid to nitrous acid by an acid-stable NADH analogue proceeds autocatalytically in the presence of perchloric acid in acetonitrile via novel chain reactions where the reduction of one nitrous acid in the presence of nitric acid eventually results in the formation of two nitrous acid.
New Oxidative Aromatization of α,β-Unsaturated Cyclohexenones with Iodine–Cerium(IV) Ammonium Nitrate in Alcohol
Authors: Horiuchi C Akira , Fukunishi Hirotada , Kajita Mika , Yamaguchi Akihisa , Kiyomiya Hiroshi , Kiji Shinji 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
The reaction of 2-cyclohexen-1-one derivatives with iodine–cerium(IV) ammonium nitrate in alcohols (methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, and 1-butanol) under refluxing, gave the corresponding alkyl phenyl ethers in good yields. In the case of diol (ethylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, and 1,4-butanediol), phenoxyalkanol derivatives were obtained. The present method was also applicable to oxidative rearrangement of isophorone.
Atomic Force Microscopic Study of Vesicles of Synthetic Surfactant, Vesicles of Thylakoid Membrane, and Whole Cells of Bacteria
Authors: Azumi Reiko , Matsumoto Mutsuyoshi , Kawabata Yasujiro , Ichimura Toshiaki , Mizuno Takafumi , Miyamoto Hiroshi 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Surface images of vesicles of synthetic surfactant, vesicles of thylakoid membrane isolated from thermophilic cyanobacteria, and whole cells of bacteria, E. coli were obtained using atomic force microscopy (AFM). The AFM proved itself to be useful in direct observations for molecular assemblies of biological interest.
Synthesis and Characterization of a Novel Dimer of Di(μ-oxo)manganese Dimers with Two Coordinated Water Molecules in (III,IV,III,IV) Oxidation State
Authors: Suzuki Masatatsu , Hayashi Yoshihito , Munezawa Kazutoshi , Suenaga Machiko , Senda Hitoshi , Uehara Akira 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
A dimer of di(μ-oxo)dimanganese(III,IV) dimers with two coordinated water molecules, [{Mn2(tmdp)(O)2(H2O)}2] (CF3SO3)4·6H2O, was prepared, where Htmdp is 1,5-bis[bis(2-pyridylmethyl)amino]-3-pentanol, and its crystal structure was determined by X-ray structure analysis. The complex cation consists of two di(μ-oxo)Mn2(III,IV) dimers which are linked by two tmdps to form a dimer of dimers with a bilayered structure.
Ethyl Cyanoformate/Hydrogen Peroxide and Related Combination Systems, Novel Epoxidizing Systems of Olefins
Authors: Masaki Yukio , Miura Tsuyoshi , Mukai Isao , Itoh Akichika , Oda Hirohisa 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
A combination system of ethyl cyanoformate and hydrogen peroxide was found to epoxidize olefins in a stereospecific manner at room temperature. Asymmetric epoxidation was observed with menthyl cyanoformate/hydrogen peroxide system.
Structure and Electrical Properties of θ- and κ-Type BEDT-TSeF Salts with Bromomercurate Anions
Authors: Naito Toshio , Miyamoto Akihito , Kobayashi Hayao , Kato Reizo , Kobayashi Akiko 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Four types of the crystals of BEDT-TSeF (“BETS”) salts with bromomercurate anions were synthesized electrochemically. The salts with θ- and κ-type molecular arrangements retain high conductivity down to 4 K.
Dimethylgold(III) Aryloxides and Alkoxides Having a Triphenylphosphine Ligand
Authors: Sone Takuo , Iwata Minor , Kasuga Noriko , Komiya Sanshiro 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Cis-dimethyl(aryloxo or alkoxo)(triphenylphosphine)gold(III), cis-AuMe2(OR)(PPh3) (R = Ph, tol, CH2CF3, CH(CF3)2) were isolated by the reaction of cis-AuMe2[(PPh3) with corresponding potassium aryloxides or alkoxides. Nucleophilic phenoxogold(III) smoothly traps phenol by hydrogen bond and can abstract a proton from methyl cyanoacetate, malononitrile and phenyl acetylene to give corresponding cis-dimethyl(organo)(triphenylphosphine)gold(III) complexes, cis-AuMe2(R′)(PPh3).
Useful Syntheses of (3S)-2,3,4,5-Tetrahydropyridazine-3-carboxylic Acid and Its Dehydrotetrapeptide Derivatives
Authors: Nakamura Yutaka , Shin Chung-gi 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
The stereoselective synthesis of (3S)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyridazine-3-carboxylic acid (Pya), which is a cyclic α-amino acid at center of antrimycins (1), was successful. Moreover, the synthesis of the C-terminal dehydrotetrapeptide of 1 containing Pya residue at N-terminus is described.
Phenylselenoazidation of Conjugated Enals. Allylic Rearrangement of 2-Alkylidene-3-azidopropanals and Propionic Acids
Authors: Huot Jean-François , Outurquin Francis , Paulmier Claude 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
β-Azido α-phenylseleno aldehydes were isolated as adducts of PhSeN3 on conjugated enals bearing an α-alkyl substituent. Their oxidation leads to 2-alkylidene-3-azido propanals and propionic acids. An allylic rearrangement of the azido group was observed.
Asymmetric Aggregative Activation. A New Useful Concept for Asymmetric Reduction
Authors: Lalloz Lucien , Vanderesse Régis , Mayesky Bertrand , Caubere Paul 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Reduction of arylketones with a Complex Reducing Agent containing 2 equivalents of Zn° and 4 equivalents of sodium chiraldate in a mixture of THF and methylcyclohexane for 1 equivalent of arylketone took place with a chiral induction from 56 to 89% of enantiomeric excess.
Reactions of Aryliminodimagnesium with Some N,N-Dimethylcarboxamides and Benzonitriles Affording Various Types of Amidines. Correction of Previous Results on Formamidine Formation from N,N-Dimethylformamide
Authors: Okubo Masao , Tanaka Mikio , Murata Yuri , Tsurusaki Nobuyuki , Omote Yasumasa , Ikubo Yukinobu , Matsuo Koji 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Some symmetrical and unsymmetrical form- and benzamidines were prepared by the reaction of ArN(MgBr)2 with Ar’CN, HCONMe2 and related compounds in tetrahydrofurn.
Thermal Properties and Ferroelectric Like Behavior of Liquid-Crystalline Ionic Polyethylenimine Derivative
Authors: Ujiie Seiji , Iimura Kazuyoshi 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Liquid-crystalline ionic polyethylenimine derivatives have been synthesized, and their thermal properties and dielectric behavior have been studied. They exhibited thermotropic smectic phases. The ferroelectric like behavior was confirmed by dielectric measurement and observation of the hysteresis loop with the Sawyer-Tower circuit.
Synthesis and Physical Properties of 6,8-Bis(phenylthio)-7H-benzocycloheptene-1,4,7-trione. A Novel D-s-A-s-D Molecular Unit Directed toward Organic Conductors
Authors: Kato Masahiko , Amatatsu Yoshimasa , Tada Hitoshi , Tanaka Shigeru , Furuichi Kimiaki , Hashimoto Masao , Matsumoto Shuji 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
The title compound was prepared via a route involving dehydrogenative phenylsulfidation. The NMR and electronic spectra and reduction potential were discussed in comparisons with those of the unsubstituted and monosubstituted analogs. The structure was examined by X-ray crystallography.
Evidences for Bromo-Bridged One-Dimensional Chain Structure of the Mixed-Valence Gold Complexes with the Empirical Formulas, [AuBr2(DBS)] and [AuBrCl(DBS)] (DBS = dibenzyl sulfide)
Authors: Takahashi Kazuhiro , Tanino Hiroshi 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
The bromo-bridged one-dimensional chain structure of [AuBr2(DBS)] is revealed by X-ray analysis. The bromo-bridged skeleton of the one-dimensional chain of [AuBrCl(DBS)] is identified by comparing its unit cell parameters, visible absorption spectrum on nujol mull, and Br K near-edge X-ray absorption spectra with those of [AuBr2(DBS)].
Preparation and Characterization of New Misfit Layer Selenides SnVSe3 and SnNb2 Se5
Authors: Hernan Lourdes , Morales Julián , Pattanayak Jayasree , Tirado José L 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
New “SnVSe3” and “SnNb2Se5” phases have been synthesized from the corresponding elements. The structure of these compounds may be described as a mixed sandwiched layered type where one [SnSe] slab alternates with one [VSe2] slab for SnVSe3 and with two [NbSe2] slabs for SnNb2Se5.
The Formation of Ground-State Nonfluorescent Complex between Chlorophyll a and Methylviologen in Methanol Solution
Authors: Kusumoto Yoshihumi , Uchikoba Michiko 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
An enhanced quenching of fluorescence of chlorophyll a by methylviologen in methanol solution was found to proceed via both dynamic and static processes. It was shown that the formation of a ground-state “dark” complex between the reactants is responsible for the latter process.
Utility of Acyloxypyridines and Acylazoles for the Lipasecatalyzed Enantioselective Acylation of 1-Phenylethanol
Authors: Keumi Takashi , Hiraoka Yasumasa , Ban Takashi , Takahashi Ichiro , Kitajima Hidehiko 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
3-Acyloxypyridines and 4-acetyl-1,2,4-triazole were found to react enantioselectively with (RS)-1-phenylethanol to give (R)-1-phenethyl carboxylates in high purity, catalyzed by lipase P (from Pseudomonas fluorescens).
Palladium(0)-Catalyzed Carbonylation of 1-Alkyl-2-trialkylsilyl-2-propenyl Carbonates
Authors: Wang Shu-Zhong , Yamamoto Keiji 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Pd(0)-catalyzed carbonylation of methyl 1-alkyl-2-trialkylsilyl-2-propenyl carbonates required forcing conditions [CO (60 atm), 70 °C] to give respective methyl (E)-3-trialkylsilyl-3-alkenoate as a major product along with the (Z)-isomer as well as an unusual regioisomeric product, methyl 2-alkyl-3-trialkylsilyl-3-butenoate to various extent.
Regio- and Stereo-Selective [2π + 2π] Photocycloaddition of Electron-Deficient Alkenes to Naphthalene Ring Bearing Si- and Ge-Containing Substituents
Authors: Mizuno Kazuhiko , Nakanishi Kazuhisa , Yasueda Masahiro , Miyata Hideki , Otsuji Yoshio 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Irradiation of benzene solutions of 1- and 2-naphthylmethyltrimethylsilanes or their germane and disilane analogues in the presence of electron deficient alkenes afforded [2π + 2π] photocycloadducts with high regio- and stereo-selectivities.
Electroreductive Acylation of Benzyl Chlorides with Acid Anhydrides. Stereoselective Formation of (E)-Enol Esters from Benzyl Alkyl Ketones
Authors: Nishiguchi Ikuzo , Oki Tsuneo , Hirashima Tsuneaki , Shiokawa Jiro 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Electroreduction of benzyl chlorides in the presence of acid anhydrides brought about stereoselective formation of (E)-enol esters of the corresponding benzyl alkyl ketones, the initial acylated products, in good to moderate yields.
Selective Isomerization of Glycidates and Their Analogues with Triphenylsilyl Perchlorate or Electrogenerated Acid
Authors: Inokuchi Tsutomu , Kusumoto Masahiko , Matsumoto Sigeaki , Okada Hiroyuki , Torii Sigeru 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Isomerization of glycidic esters and nitriles to the corresponding 2-hydroxy-3-alkenoates and their nitrile derivatives occurred on treatment with triphenylsilyl perchlorate or electrogenerated acid (EG acid). The cyanohydrin moiety of the nitriles 4 was transformed to a formyl group, giving the corresponding enals on treatment with weak base.
Model Compounds for Purple Lipoxygenase
Authors: Nishida Yuzo , Akamatsu Tetsuya 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
We have found that some iron(III) compounds with tripodal-like ligands react with t-butyl hydroperoxide to yield a purple species, whose spectroscopic properties are very similar to those observed for the purple lipoxygenase. Based on these facts the origin of the purple color in the native enzyme was discussed.
Nickel(0)-Catalyzed Reduction of Aryl Triflates with Zinc Powder and Methanol
Authors: Sasaki Ken , Sakai Mutsuji , Sakakibara Yasumasa , Takagi Kentaro 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Deoxygenative reduction of aryl Inflates was attained by using nickel(0)-dppp/PPh3 catalyst with zinc powder and methanol as a hydrogen donor.
Rapid Unidentate–Chelate Equilibrium of Acetate Ligands on the Ruthenium-Analog of the Hemerythrin Active Center and the Crystal Structure of [Ru2(μ-O)(μ-CH3COO)2(CH3COO)2(H2O)(CH3OH)(P(C6H5)3)2]·H2O Having Unidentate Acetates
Authors: Ochi Takashi , Sasaki Yoichi , Yamaguchi Tadashi , Ito Tasuku 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
[Ru2(O)(CH3COO)4(H2O)(CH3OH)(PPh3)2], has an Ru2(μ-O)(μ-CH3COO)2 core and unidentate acetates with H2O and CH3OH coordinated to the trans positions to the oxide bridge as determined by the X-ray structural analysis. This is in contrast to the recent report of the chelatiftg acetate on the similarlly prepared complex. 1H NMR spectra in CDCl3 revealed that the complex undergoes rapid unidentate-chelate equilibrium of acetates between the bis(chelate) and mono(chelate)mono(unidentate) forms.
NiCl2(PPh3)2–Zn Promoted Deallyloxycarbonylative Directed Aldo Reaction of Allyl β-Keto Carboxylates with Aldehydes to β-Hydroxy Ketones
Authors: Nokami Junzo , Konishi Haruhisa , Matsuura Hiroyuki 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Regie- and chemospecific deallyloxycarbonylative aldol reaction of allyl(or -lie) α,α-disubstituted β-keto carboxylate with aldehyde was effectively promoted by Ni0 (NiCl2(PPh3)2–Zn), in which the allyloxycarbonyl group (–COOCH2CH=CH2) was replaced to 1-hydroxyalkyl group(–CH(OH)R, R = alkyl, vinyl, aryl) under mild reaction conditions.
New Metallochromic and Fluorescence Compounds Obtained from the Reaction of 5,8-Quinolinedione with 2-[3-(Dimethylamino)phenyl]propene
Authors: Yoshida Katsuhira , Miyatake Osamu , Okamoto Juri , Tokuda Hiroaki , Kubo Yuji 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
The reaction of 5,8-quinolinedione with 2-[3-(dimethylamino)phenyl]propene was initiated by HC1 to give 6-[4-(dimethylamino)-2-(2-propenyl)phenyl]quinoline-5,8-dione, which subsequently underwent intramolecular cyclization to produce new compounds with remarkable metallochromism and intense fluorescence.