bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Surface Active-Agents and Some Molecules on the Electrical Properties of Lipid Membranes
Authors: Hashimoto Masao 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The electric and mechanical properties of lipid membranes between two electrolyte solutions were observed. The electric resistance was 107–108 Ω·cm2; the capacity, 0.2–1 μF/cm2, and the surface tension, 2.2–4.9 dyn/cm. The electric conductivity increased with an increase in the surface area of the lipid membranes. Furthermore, the electric resistance and the capacity decreased when an ionic surface-active agent was adsorbed to the lipid membranes. The effect may be caused by the structural change of the lipid membranes due to both the electric and the hydro-phobic interactions between the ionic surface-active agent and the lipid membranes.
The Structure of an Electrical Double Layer around a Surfactant Micelle
Authors: Tokiwa Fumikatsu , Ohki Kenji 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Electrophoretic measurements have been made of the micelles of dimethyldodecylamine oxide (DDAO) and N-dodecyl-β-aminopropionic acid (DAPA), while changing the pH values of the solutions in the presence of 0.10 m sodium chloride. A picture of the structure of the electrical double layer around the micelle at different pH’s was then constructed, according to Stern’s theory, by a combination of the zeta potential, ζ, calculated from the electrophoretic mobility and the surface potential, ψ0, obtained previously from the potentiometric titration. With the micelle of DDAO, the thickness of the immobile part of the double layer depends slightly on the pH of the solution and is estimated to be about 5 Å. With the micelle of DAPA, the estimated thickness of the immobile part seems rather high, especially on the alkaline side of the solution. The ζ⁄ψ0 ratio for the micelles of DDAO and DAPA depends on the pH of the solution; in the case of DDAO the value of ζ⁄ψ0 increases with a decrease in the surface potential.
ESR Studies of Copper(II) Complexes of Ethylenediamine and Its Analogues
Authors: Yokoi Hiroshi , Isobe Taro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The ESR spectra of the copper(II) complexes of ethylenediamine, 1,2-diaminopropane, meso-2,3-diaminobutane, 1,3-diaminopropane, and ammonia were measured in methanolic and aqueous solutions at room temperature and in frozen solutions at the temperature of liquid nitrogen. The covalency of the bonding of the copper atom to the ligand atoms in these complexes was evaluated from the g values, the copper hyperfine constants, and the nitrogen super-hyperfine constants. Even in the case of amino groups which were coordinating groups, the π bonding seemed to be as important in determining the properties of the complexes as the σ bonding.
Reactions of cis- and trans-2-Butenes Photosensitized by Hg(3P1) and Cd(3P1)
Authors: Tsunashima Shigeru , Sato Shin 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A comparative study has been made of the reactions of cis- and trans-2-butenes photosensitized by mercury(3P1) at room temperature and by cadmium(3P1) at temperatures ranging from 275 to 350°C. In both cases, the main reaction was cis-trans isomerization. The initial quantum yield of isomerization was the same for the two butenes. The rate of decomposition was about 10−2 and 10−3 times less than that of isomerization in the Hg- and Cd-photosensitizations, respectively. The ratio of trans- to cis-2-butene after prolonged irradiation was unity and did not vary with pressure in the Cd-photosensitization, while in the Hg-photosensitization it increased with decreasing initial pressure. This is probably due to the difference in the rates of decomposition of trans- and cis-2-butenes. It was found that the pressure dependence of Hg-photosensitized cis-trans isomerization could not be explained in terms of the simple mechanism proposed before. A possible mechanism is discussed.
The Structure of Meisenheimer Complex as Determined by X-ray Crystal Analysis
Authors: Ueda Hideo , Sakabe Noriyoshi , Tanaka Jiro , Furusaki Akio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The structure of the Meisenheimer complex has been determined by the X-ray method. The complex is characterized by a symmetrical structure, in which the two methoxyl groups are nearly equivalent to each other. The results showed a peculiar shape of the reaction intermediate, the substituted carbon atom is transformed into a tetrahedral shape, while the planarity of the whole molecule is kept with an increased conjugation between the nitro group and the ring system.
Addition of Some Simple Molecules to Transition Metal-Phosphine Complex and the Crystal and Molecular Structure of Pd{(C6H5)3P}2(CS2)
Authors: Kashiwagi Toshihide , Yasuoka Noritake , Ueki Tatzuo , Kasai Nobutami , Kakudo Masao , Takahashi Shigetoshi , Hagihara Nobue 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
From the reaction of M{(C6H5)3P}4 (M=Pd or Pt) with CS2, M{(C6H5)3P}2(CS2) has been isolated. It has been found that M{(C6H5)3P}2 also reacts with sulfur dioxide to form a novel complex, [M{(C6H5)3P}4(SO2)n]. The structure of one of these compounds, Pd{(C6H5)3·P}2(CS2), was determined by means of X-rays. Pd{(C6H5)3P}2(CS2) crystallizes in the mono-clinic system, space group P21⁄c, with four molecules in a unit cell of dimensions: a=11.55, b=19.52, c=18.38 Å and β=128°53′. The most remarkable feature of the whole structure is the coordination of CS2 to the Pd: only one of the S atoms, S(2), coordinates to the Pd, while the CS2 ligand is bent at an angle of 140°. The Pd, two P’s, S(2) and C(1) in CS2 lie approximately on the same plane. The Pd–C(1) distance of 2.00 Å is slightly shorter than the sum of the covalent radii, 2.06 Å. But the S(2)–Pd–C(1) angle of 44° is very small.
Ionic Species in the Radiolysis of Cyclohexane
Authors: Sato Shin 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A diffusion model proposed in the previous paper (Bull. Chem. Soc. Japan, 40, 1818 (1967)) has been applied to explain the ionic reactions occurring in the γ-radiolysis of cyclohexane. The effects of an electron scavenger (N2O) and a positive ion detector (CH3OD) were consistently interpreted. The ratio of the diffusion coefficient of electrons to that of parent positive ions has been estimated from the calculation to be in the range of 4 to 5. The calculating method has been compared with that recently published by Freeman (J. Chem. Phys., 46, 2822 (1967)).
Effect of the Dielectric Constant on the Reaction between the Iodide Ion and Hexacyanoferrate(III) in Acid Media
Authors: Krishna B , Singh H S 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
In the reaction between the iodide ion and hexacyanoferrate(III), the order is unity with respect to the iodide ion and two with respect to the ferricyanide ion. It has been observed that the rate of the reaction increases with the increase in the dielectric constant of the medium. It has also been observed that the reaction occurred between trivalent and univalent negative ions.
Synthetic Inorganic Ion-exchange Materials. X. Preparation and Properties of So-called Antimonic(V) Acid
Authors: Abe Mitsuo , Ito Takuji 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The preparation of so-called antimonic acid under various experimental conditions has been investigated in order to establish its usefulness as a chemically-stable cation-exchange material. In this experiment, the antimonic acid was mainly obtained by the hydrolysis of antimony pentachloride, and was rarely obtained from metallic antimony or potassium pyroantimonate. The hydrolyzed precipitate was amorphous at first, but it was gradually transformed into crystalline powder by keeping it in the mother liquor for a long time. The crystallization of the amorphous precipitate was facilitated by raising the temperature within a range of 0–80°C, and by increasing the concentration of strong mineral acid on aging, regardless of the kinds of starting antimony substances. The water-content of the air-dried samples is decreased by increasing the period of aging; the composition of the sample approximates Sb2O5·4H2O. The crystal of the antimonic acid is cubic and belong to the space group Oh7(Fd3m), with a lattice constant of 10.382 Å. The measurement of solubilities for the air-dried antimonic acid showed that both the amorphous and the glassy acids are soluble forms and that the crystalline is an insoluble form. The uptakes of potassium ions on these antimonic acids were little changed on the kinds of form; the uptake of lithium ions on the crystalline acid was very small as compared those on the amorphous and the glassy acids. This behavior may be attributed to the existence of different types of so-called antimonic acid, with different selectivities of their lithium ion adsorption, rather than to any difference in the size of the particle.
D. C. and A. C. Polarographic Behavior of Thallium(I) Ions in Diethylenetriaminepentaacetate Solutions
Authors: Kodama Mutsuo , Noda Tomohiko , Murata Mitsuko 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The reduction reaction of Tl(I) ions in DTPA solutions was studied d.c- and a.c.-polarographically, and the composition and the stability constants of normal and hydrogen chelates of Tl(I) ions with DTPA, TlZ4− and TlHZ3− were determined. The reduction of Tl(I)-DTPA chelates at the DME proceeds reversibly in the polarographic sense according to this scheme:
(Remark: Graphics omitted.)
The stability constants of TlZ4−-and TlHZ3− were found to be 105.45 and 104.24(μ=0.40). The determination of the a.c. summit-potentials, Ep, and the introduction of Ep into the Kolthoff and Lingane equation of polarographic waves of metal complexes were also discussed.
The Synthesis of Methacrylic Esters by the Carboxylation Reaction of Methylacetylene. II. Catalytic Synthesis of Methyl Methacrylate using Nickel Carbonyl as the Catalyst
Authors: Kunichika Sango , Sakakibara Yasumasa , Nakamura Tadao 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The catalytic synthesis of methyl methacrylate by the carboxylation reaction of methylacetylene using nickel carbonyl as a catalyst was studied under various conditions. The experimental results concerning the effects of the reaction conditions on the reaction rate, the stability (regeneration) of nickel carbonyl, and the product yields suggested the most desirable conditions for the synthesis. It was ascertained that, in the catalytic process, the pressure of carbon monoxide played a very important roles; a high pressure gave a good regeneration of nickel carbonyl, i. e., a high value of 95% in the so-called catalytic level, but the initial reaction rate decreased remarkably with an increase in the pressure, probably in reverse proportion to its second power, or more. A semicontinuous process was much better for the synthesis than a batch process. A good yield of 85% (based on the methylacetylene used) of the total of methyl methacrylate and methacrylic acid and a high catalytic level of 95% were obtained when the reaction was carried out semicontinuously in the presence of methacrylic acid and water at a total pressure of 13 atm (initial charge of carbon monoxide at room temp.: 4 atm) at 130°C. A mechanism for the catalytic reaction was proposed to account for the experimental results.
An NMR Study of Proton Exchange in Alcohols. II. Proton Transfer in the Water-Isopropanol System
Authors: Fukumi Toshio , Fujiwara Yuzuru , Arata Yoji , Fujiwara Shizuo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Proton exchange has been investigated in the system of water and isopropanol by means of high-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance. The rates of proton transfer have been obtained at different hydrogen ion concentrations and at different ratios of water and isopropanol. It has been shown that the exchange reaction is of higher order with respect to water and isopropanol concentrations. Possible mechanisms of proton transfer have been discussed, and values for their respective rate constants given.
The Reaction of Tropolones with Phosphorus Oxychloride. The Rearrangement Reaction of 5-Arylazo-2-chlorotropones to 2-Aryl-4, 5-dichloroindazoles
Authors: Kikuchi Katsuo , Yagi Masaki , Takada Kunio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The reaction of tropolone and phosphorus oxychloride gave 2-chlorotropone. Similarly, 5-cyano-, 5-nitro, and 5-chlorotropolones afforded the corresponding 2-chlorotropone derivatives in moderate yields. 3-Cyanotropolone gave 2-chloro-7-cyanotropone, while 3-phenyltropolone afforded only 2-chloro-3-phenylbenzaldehyde. When 3-bromotropolone and 5-bromotropolone were treated similarly, 2, 7-dichloro- and 2, 5-dichlorotropones were obtained respectively, with a facile halogen exchange. The further treatment of 2, 5-dichlorotropone with phosphorus oxychloride afforded 2, 5-dichloro- and 3,4-dichlorobenzaldehydes. The reaction of 5-p-tolylazo-, 5-phenylazo-, and 5-p-nitrophenylazotropolones with phosphorus oxychloride gave the corresponding 5-arylazo-2-chlorotropones, which, on further treatment with an excess of the reagent, gave 2-aryl-4, 5-dichloroindazoles.
Use of Anhydrous Hydrogen Fluoride in Peptide Synthesis. II. Procedures for the Syntheses of Simple Peptides
Authors: Sakakibara Shumpei , Kishida Yasuo , Nishizawa Rinzo , Shimonishi Yasutsugu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Detailed conditions for handling simple peptide-derivatives with anhydrous hydrogen fluoride (HF) were presented. Since HF has a strong affinity for peptides, the removal of excess HF from the reaction products is rather difficult, but is essential to obtain the product as good crystals. Syntheses of the following peptides were carried out successfully as examples of the HF procedure: tosyl-l-phenylalanyl-l-phenylalanine, l-leucylglycine, l-arginylglycine, carbobenzoxy-l-prolyl-l-leucylglycine ethyl ester, l-aspartyl-l-phenylalanine amide, and BOC-β-alanyl-l-tryptophyl-l-methionyl-l-aspartyl-l-phenylalanine amide.
Correlation between the Chemical Reactivity and the Unpaired Electron Distribution of Anion Radicals
Authors: Maruyama Kazuhiro , Otsuki Tetsuo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Anion radicals of mono-, di-nitrobenzophenones, dinitrobenzil, and nitrophenanthraquinone generated by reduction with alkali metal were studied by means of electron-spin resonance. The hyperfine coupling constant and the effect of the metal species on it were investigated. The correlation between the localization of the unpaired electron and the chemically reducible position was also discussed.
Thermodynamic Properties and Phase Transitions of Sodium Cyanide Crystal
Authors: Matsuo Takasuke , Suga Hiroshi , Seki Syûzô 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The heat capacities of the sodium cyanide crystal were measured from 14 to 310°K by an adiabatic calorimeter. The two anomalous regions reported by Ziegler et al. are confirmed. The entropy changes associated with these anomalies is explained by proposing structural changes at the transition points. Analysis of the lattice heat capacity gives the average librational frequency of the cyanide ion at the lowest temperatures as 210 cm−1 in the Einstein approximation. For the higher temperature range, the cyanide ions may be described as undergoing a hindered rotation, with a barrier height of approximately 2 kcal/mol. The upper-phase transition is discussed in terms of a model based on the coexistence of the two crystalline phases. The lower transition and the analogous one reported previously for potassium cyanide are interpreted together as order-disorder phenomena with respect to the behavior of the cyanide ions. The thermodynamic functions of the crystal are also calculated by the graphical integration of the heat capacity data.
Conductance Behavior of Some Hexa-amminecobalt(III) Complexes and Their Ion Association in Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Katayama Shunzo , Tamamushi Reita 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The conductance behavior of some hexa-amminecobalt(III) complexes in dilute aqueous solutions at 25°C was studied in association with the ion-pair formation of hexa-amminecobalt(III) ions. The equivalent conductivities were analyzed according to the Onsager theory, and the thermodynamic formation constants, K, of the ion-pairs, [Co(NH3)6]3+·Aza−, were determined. The logK values obtained are 1.40 (perchlorate), 1.63 (nitrate), 1.65 (bromide), 1.38 (iodide), and 3.25 (oxalate). These values were compared with the formation constants calculated from the spectroscopic data, and discussed in terms of Bjerrum’s theory on ion association.
Structural Study of the Molecular Complex of Antimony Trichloride with Benzene by Means of the Pure Quadrupole Resonance
Authors: Okuda Tsutomu , Nakao Akira , Shiroyama Masaharu , Negita Hisao 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The Zeeman effect of 35Cl pure quadrupole resonance was studied on a single crystal of the 2SbCl3·C6H6 molecular complex at room temperature; it was found that the Cl–Sb–Cl bond angles of two nonequivalent SbCl3 molecules are 96.2°, 94.7°, 92.2°; 94.5°, 92.8°, and 95.2°, with an uncertainty of 1°. The asymmetry parameters for the six chlorine atoms were found to be 0.085±0.001, 0.055±0.004, 0.117±0.005, 0.119±0.005, 0.112±0.005, and 0.160±0.007, listed in the order of decreasing resonance frequencies. The bond character of the Sb–Cl bond was also calculated from the quadrupole coupling constant. It was found that the Sb–Cl bond corresponding to the lowest resonance lines in each nonequivalent SbCl3 molecule has a larger ionicity than the remainder. Moreover, the former has less of a temperature dependence than the latter. Finally, this complex may be assigned to the Ci or C1 symmetry class from the patterns of zero-splitting and from the intensity ratios of the multiplet of the spectrum.
A New Anion Exchanger Containing Cobalticinium Cation
Authors: Ito Takuji , Kenjo Tadao 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A New type of anion-exchanger, polymeric olygomethylene cobalticinium cation, was synthesized and its ion-exchange properties and stability toward heat and reagents were investigated in comparison with those of the ion-exchange resins. The preparative method of the exchanger was the same as that for polymeric olygomethylene ferrocene; hexamminecobalt(II) chloride was added to the product of α, ω-dicyclopentadienyl alkane with sodium. Although the pure products could not be obtained, the substance extracted with water showed several peaks common to a cobalticinium cation in IR spectra. The content of cobalt in tetraphenyl borate was 0.175 mmol/g, which corresponded to 91% trimethylene cobalticinium tetraphenyl borate. The saturated ion-exchange capacity of the eschanger was 1.75 meq/g, which was half the theoretical value. This discrepancy could be attributed to the shortage of cobalt according to the results of chemical analysis and magnetic susceptibility measurements. Although ionexchange resins lose their exchange capacity by heating at 150°C in air, this exchanger was thermostable decreasing to only 70% in ion-exchange capacity. The ion-exchange capacity of the exchanger in hydrothermal water at 220°C decreased to 55–35%, while that of resins drops to as low as 20%. The selectivity coefficient for various anions became smaller in the order; ClO4−&gt;I−&gt;ClO3−&gt;BrO3−&gt;Br−&gt;Cl−&gt;IO3−&gt;F−. This tendency was the same as that for ion-exchange resins.
Solvent Extraction of Cadmium(II) from Aqueous Chloride and Bromide Solutions by Tri-n-octylamine
Authors: Watanabe Hiroto , Akatsuka Kunihiko 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The distribution of cadmium(II) between dilute hydrochloric or hydrobromic acid solution and tri-n-octylamine dissolved in a number of diluents has been measured for several cadmium (II) loadings and amine concentrations. Diluents investigated are n-hexane, cyclohexane, benzene, xylene, toluene, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, chlorobenzene and o-dichlorobenzene. The results show that all the species extracted into various diluents are present in the form of bis(tri-n-octylammonium)tetrahalocadmium(II). The specific ability of each diluent in extracting cadmium(II) from acidic halide solutions is approximately correlated with the dielectric constant of the pure diluent, suggesting that the dissociation of ion paired alkylammonium salt in the organic phase is responsible for the extraction.
Chemical Synthesis of O-Ethyl-l-homoserine, a New Amino Acid Produced by Corynebacterium Ethanolaminophilum
Authors: Murooka Yoshikatsu , Harada Tokuya , Izumi Yoshiharu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The synthesis of O-ethyl-Dl-homoserine (V) was achieved by the condensation of β-ethoxyethylbromide (II) with diethyl acetoaminomalonate (III) and by the successive hydrolysis of diethyl ethoxyethylacetoaminomalonate (IV) with hydrochloric acid. The optical resolution of O-ethylhomoserine was performed enzymatically using papain. The O-ethyl-l-homoserine (VIII) obtained by the resolution was shown to be identical with the amino acid formed ethanol by Corynebacterium ethanolaminophilum, sp.nov.
Reactivity of Solid Acids with Methylene Chloride
Authors: Mochida Isao , Take Jun-ichiro , Saito Yasukazu , Yoneda Yukio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
In order to discriminate the natures of solid acids, the reactivity of methylene chloride with solid acids like alumina, silica-alumina and alumina-boria to give carbon monoxide and methyl chloride was studied with a pulse technique. The reactivities varied about ten thousandfold among these solid acids. The methyl chloride formation was predominant on alumina particularly at low reaction temperatures, with a distinctly small activation energy in comparison with that on silica-alumina or alumina-boria. The nature of the active sites for this reaction was discussed in connection with the effect of the calcination temperature as well as of the sodium ion-poisoning on activity. Furthermore, it was found that the feature of this reaction was in marked contrast with the typical solid acid catalysis such as the dealkylation reaction of alkylbenzenes. The reaction of methylene chloride with a set of the surface hydroxyl group and the oxidizing site is assumed to give methyl chloride through a radical mechanism.
The Effect of Hydrogen Bonding on the Rates of Inversion of 1-Hydroxy-5, 7-dihydrodibenz[c,e]oxepin
Authors: Oki Michinori , Iwamura Hiizu , Nishida Toshiaki 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The rates of inversion of 1-hydroxy-5, 7-dihydrodibenz[c,e]oxepin (I) and its methyl ether (II) have been measured by NMR line-shape method in several solvents. The activation parameters for inversion of II are insensitive to the change in solvents, while the activation energy of I in strongly proton-accepting DMSO is clearly smaller by one kcal/mole than that of I in CDCl3and those of II. The solvent effect may be due partly to the enhanced mesomerism of the biphenyl system as the result of hydrogen bonding and partly to the inhibition of the intramolecular O-H···π interaction which will otherwise stabilize the non-planar ground state in the inert solvents.
Ribonuclease T1 Peptides. II. Synthesis of a Protected Pentapeptide Corresponding to Sequence 12–16
Authors: Waki Michinori , Mitsuyasu Nobuo , Kato Tetsuo , Makisumi Satoru , Izumiya Nobuo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A protected pentapeptide corresponding to sequence 12–16 of ribonuclease T1 namely benzyloxycarbonyl-l-seryl-l-seryl-l-seryl-β-t-butyl-l-aspartyl-l-valine ethyl ester (XI), was synthesized by coupling of benzyloxycarbonyl-seryl-serine azide with a tripeptide ester, seryl-β-t-butylaspartyl-valine ethyl ester, which is derived from benzyloxycarbonyl-seryl-β-t-butyl-aspartyl-valine ethyl ester by the hydrogenolysis. The hydrogenolysis and the subsequent treatment with trifluoroacetic acid of the protected pentapeptide ester (XI) yielded a neutral pentapeptide ester, seryl-seryl-seryl-aspartyl-valine ethyl ester, as a crystalline product.