bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Speciation and Excretion Patterns of Arsenic Metabolites in Human Urine after Ingestion of Edible Seaweed, Hizikia fusiforme
Authors: Matsuura Hirotaka , Asano Motoki , Hasegawa Takuya , Umemura Tomonari , Haraguchi Hiroki 
Published: October 2005

Abstract
Chemical speciation of arsenic in human urine was performed by HPLC separation with ICP-MS detection in order to investigate the urinary excretion patterns of arsenic metabolites after one-time ingestion of an edible seaweed, hijiki (Hizikia fusiforme). A Japanese male volunteer ingested one serving of ca. 15 g (dry weight) of hijiki (containing ca. 0.9 mg of arsenic), and urine samples were collected at 3–5 h intervals for the following 3 days. As a result, different urinary excretion patterns were observed between inorganic and methylated arsenicals. Toxic inorganic As(V) and As(III) were detected in the urine 3 h after ingestion. The highest concentrations of As(V) and As(III) were observed at 6 and 15 h after ingestion, respectively. In contrast, methylated arsenic species in the urine, such as monomethylarsonic acid (MMA), dimethylarsinic acid (DMA), and arsenobetaine (AB), began to increase 10 h after ingestion and provided the highest concentrations at 21 h after ingestion. These results indicate that a large amount of As(V) from hijiki is excreted rapidly in urine and some part of it is reduced to As(III) in the human body. As(III) may then be converted to non-toxic methylated arsenic species and excreted in urine later than inorganic ones. It can be concluded from these experimental results that detoxification of arsenic occurs in the human body through the rapid urinary excretion of toxic arsenicals or by conversion to organic methylated ones after ingestion of hijiki.
Characterization of Water-Extractable Amino Acids in the Sub-Surface of Semi-Permafrost Environments
Authors: Takano Yoshinori , Gupta Lallan P , Kawahata Hodaka , Kobayashi Kensei , Marumo Katsumi 
Published: October 2005

Abstract
Terrestrial core samples of semi-permafrost sediment were analyzed for total free amino acids (TFAA). The TFAA content ranged from 12.0 to 460.2 nmol/g of sediment, and generally consisted of protein amino acids as the most abundant component of TFAA. The depth profiles in terms of the content drastically decreased with the depth, followed by the vertical distribution patterns of total hydrolyzed amino acids (THAA) within the same sediment. The abundance of THAA was 14 to 327 times larger than that of TFAA. Plots of TFAA versus THAA values yielded a straight line, as defined by the equation THAA = 10.1 × TFAA1.4 (R2 = 0.86) based on the least-squares method. The molar ratio of β-alanine and γ-aminobutyric acid did not increase with the depth via diagenesis, as was the case in the THAA fraction. On the other hand, the molar ratio of basic amino acids such as histidine and ornithine gradually decreased with increasing depth. The present study determined that the major organic matter content in the sediment consisted not of free, but bound amino acid analogs.
Influence of Cyclodextrin Encapsulation on Norrish–Yang Photoreaction of Valerophenone
Authors: Annalakshmi Subramanian , Pitchumani Kasi 
Published: October 2005

Abstract
In the solid-state Norrish–Yang photoreaction of valerophenone, studied in presence of various cyclodextrins, not only was elimination suppressed, but a remarkable diastereoselectivity was also observed. The predominant formation of one cyclobutanol (C1-trans) is rationalized as being due to a restricted rotational motion of the 1,4-biradical, and also stabilization of the same by hydroxyl groups present in the rim of the cyclodextrin cavity. Additional supports for the coinclusion of a side chain into the γ-CD cavity from molecular minimization calculations and 1H–1H NOESY spectra are also presented.
Porphyrin Capped with Calix[4]arene Derivative via Hydrogen Bonds
Authors: Arai Satoshi , Ohkawa Haruki , Ishihara Shinsuke , Shibue Toshimichi , Takeoka Shinji , Nishide Hiroyuki 
Published: October 2005

Abstract
A calix[4]arene–porphyrin duplex was prepared by mixing equimolar amounts of hydroxy or carboxy calix[4]arene derivatives and pyridyl or o-aminophenylporphyrin derivatives. Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) was applied to screen a suitable pair of a calix[4]arene and a porphyrin. meso-Tetra(2-pyridyl)porphyrin formed a duplex with tetrahydroxy or tetrahydroxymethylcalix[4]arene via triple or quadruple hydrogen bonds. 1H NMR spectra showed that the tetrahydroxycalix[4]arene was symmetrically located upon the porphyrin ring, whereas trihydroxycalix[4]arene was slanted on the porphyrin ring. The duplex of meso-tetra(2-pyridyl)porphyrinatocobalt(II) and tetrahydroxymethylcalix[4]arene formed a complex with benzylimidazole, which was capable of reversible dioxygen-binding. The capping structure upon porphyrin provided by calix[4]arene raised the life-time of dioxygen-adduct compared with the porphyrin without calix[4]arene.
A Tris(carbene) Constructed with Stable Triplet Carbene Units
Authors: Tsuchiya Yoko , Matsuno Masayoshi , Itoh Tetsuji , Hirai Katsuyuki , Tomioka Hideo 
Published: October 2005

Abstract
Bis[10-(4-t-butyl-2,6-dimethylphenyl)-9-anthryl]diazomethane, which can generate a fairly stable triplet carbene that can survive for even a week in solution at room temperature, was shown to be stable enough to undergo a Sonogashira coupling reaction. Thus, three units of the diazo compounds were connected through an ethynyl group on 1,3,5-positions of benzene. The species generated by irradiation of the resulting tris(diazo) compound were characterized by variable temperature ESR and SQUID measurements. The results indicated the generation of the corresponding tris(carbene), that exhibits only weak exchange between carbene units. This fits the fact that dianthrylcarbenes are connected to the central phenyl ring across nodal (inactive) sites. The anomalously high thermal stability and chemical inertness of the species were shown by variable temperature and time-resolved UV–vis spectroscopic studies. The tris(carbenes) are shown to survive hours in solution at room temperature.
Synthesis and Dynamic Stereochemistry of Azulene-Substituted 9-Fluorenyl, 9,10-Dihydro-10,10-dimethyl-9-anthryl, 10,11-Dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5-yl, and 5H-Dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5-yl Cations. Correlations of Stabilities of the Carbocations and Rotational Barrier of Azulene Ring
Authors: Ito Shunji , Kawakami Jun , Tajiri Akio , Ryuzaki Daisuke , Morita Noboru , Asao Toyonobu , Watanabe Masataka , Harada Nobuyuki 
Published: October 2005

Abstract
The carbocations in the title: 9-(1-Azulenyl)-9-fluorenyl, 9-(1-azulenyl)-9,10-dihydro-10,10-dimethyl-9-anthryl, 5-(1-azulenyl)-10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5-yl, and 5-(1-azulenyl)-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5-yl cations (4c, 5a–c, 6a–c, and 7a–c) were prepared by hydride abstraction of the corresponding hydrocarbon derivatives and their properties were fully characterized. The pKR+ values of 4c, 5a–c, 6a–c, and 7a–c were determined as −2.7, 0.5–2.7, 8.4–9.1, and 7.4–8.5, respectively, which were higher by 8.1, 6.0–8.2, 15.1–16.1, and 13.1–14.3 pK units, respectively, than those of the corresponding phenyl derivatives. Conformations and energy barriers for 4c, 5a–c, 6a–c, and 7a–c were studied by means of dynamic nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (DNMR) techniques. The thermodynamic stability of the cations and the barrier to the rotation of the 1-azulenyl group were significantly affected by not only the electron density effect but also the dynamic stereochemistry of the connected-ring systems.
Synthesis of Oriented Layered Double Hydroxide Thin Films on Sulfonated Polystyrene Substrates
Authors: Lei Xiaodong , Yang Lan , Zhang Fazhi , Evans David Geraint , Duan Xue 
Published: October 2005

Abstract
Oriented dense thin films of LDHs may be grown on sulfonated polystyrene substrates with the (00l) direction of the LDH platelets perpendicular to the surface of the substrate.
Blood loss after total knee replacement
Authors: Kalairajah Y. , Simpson D. , Cossey A. J. , Verrall G. M. , Spriggins A. J. 
Published: October 2005

We carried out a prospective randomised study to evaluate the blood loss in 60 patients having a total knee arthroplasty and divided randomly into two equal groups, one having a computer-assisted procedure and the other a standard operation. The surgery was carried out by a single surgeon at one institution using a uniform approach. The only variable in the groups was the use of intramedullary femoral and tibial alignment jigs in the standard group and single tracker pins of the imageless navigation system in the tibia and femur in the navigated group. The mean drainage of blood was 1351 ml (715 to 2890; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1183 to 1518) in the computer-aided group and 1747 ml (1100 to 3030; CI 1581 to 1912) in the conventional group. This difference was statistically significant (p = 0.001). The mean calculated loss of haemoglobin was 36 g/dl in the navigated group versus 53 g/dl in the conventional group; this was significant at p < 0.00001. There was a highly significant reduction in blood drainage and the calculated Hb loss between the computer-assisted and the conventional techniques. This allows the ordering of less blood before the operation, reduces risks at transfusion and gives financial saving. Computer-assisted surgery may also be useful for patients in whom blood products are not acceptable.
Surgical treatment and outcome of conventional pelvic chondrosarcoma
Authors: Donati D. , Ghoneimy A. El , Bertoni F. , Di Bella C. , Mercuri M. 
Published: October 2005

We reviewed 124 patients with a conventional pelvic chondrosarcoma who had been treated over a period of 20 years. We recorded the type of tumour (central or peripheral), type of operation (limb salvage surgery or hemipelvectomy), the grade of tumour, local recurrence and/or metastases, in order to identify the factors which might influence survival. More satisfactory surgical margins were achieved for central tumours or in those patients treated by hemipelvectomy. However, grade 1 tumours, whatever the course, did not develope metastases or cause death, while grade 3 tumours had the worst outcome and prognosis. Central, high-grade tumours require aggressive surgical treatment in order to achieve adequate surgical margins, particularly in those lesions located close to the sacroiliac joint. By contrast, grade 1 peripheral chondrosarcomas may be treated with contaminated margins in order to reduce operative morbidity, but without reducing survival.
Effect of Vitamin A on Fracture Risk
Authors: Jackson Heather A , Sheehan Amy Heck 
Published: October 2005

OBJECTIVE To describe current data evaluating the effect of vitamin A intake on fracture risk. DATA SOURCES A literature search using MEDLINE (1966–March 2005) was conducted using the search terms bone density, fractures, osteoporosis, retinol, and vitamin A to identify published studies evaluating the effects of vitamin A on bone. DATA SYNTHESIS Studies evaluating vitamin A consumption and fracture risk were reviewed. Current data suggest a potential inverse relationship between excess vitamin A consumption and bone mineral density leading to an increased risk for fracture. CONCLUSIONS Although current data are limited, consumption of large amounts of vitamin A may be associated with decreased bone mineral density and increased fracture risk. Until further information is available, patients should be made aware of the potential risks of consuming vitamin A in amounts that exceed the recommended dietary allowance. Further research is needed to clarify the relationship between vitamin A and fracture risk.
Efaproxiral: A Radiation Enhancer Used in Brain Metastases from Breast Cancer
Authors: Charpentier Margaret M 
Published: October 2005

OBJECTIVE To review the mechanism of action and clinical data of efaproxiral use in brain metastases of breast cancer. DATA SOURCES Articles were identified through MEDLINE (1966–June 2005) and EMBASE (1980–May 2005) searches using the key words efaproxiral and RSR13. Published abstracts over the previous 10 years from various scientific meetings, including American Society of Clinical Oncology and San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium, were also searched for investigations of efaproxiral. Data on efaproxiral were also provided by Allos Therapeutics. STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION All published clinical data in humans regarding efaproxiral use in brain metastases from breast cancer were selected for this review. In addition, published studies in humans that discussed the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and safety of efaproxiral were evaluated. DATA SYNTHESIS Efaproxiral is a synthetic allosteric modifier of hemoglobin that results in a shift of the hemoglobin oxygen dissociation curve to the right. Therefore, oxygen is more readily released from hemoglobin into tissues. Efaproxiral demonstrated a significant survival benefit when used as a radiation enhancer in patients with brain metastases originating from breast cancer. The safety profile of efaproxiral and improved survival rates make this agent advantageous over radiation alone. Further investigation and results from the ongoing clinical trials will help to define the role of efaproxiral in clinical practice. CONCLUSIONS Efaproxiral is the first synthetic allosteric modifier to demonstrate significant improvement in survival in patients undergoing radiation therapy for brain metastases of breast cancer. Validation of this effect in ongoing clinical trials will be important in determining the role of efaproxiral in brain metastases from breast cancer.
Holotranscobalamin and Total Transcobalamin in Human Plasma: Determination, Determinants, and Reference Values in Healthy Adults
Authors: Refsum Helga , Johnston Carole , Guttormsen Anne Berit , Nexo Ebba 
Published: October 2005

Abstract
Background: We developed microbiological assays (MBAs) to identify determinants and to establish reference values for cobalamin bound to transcobalamin [holotranscobalamin (holoTC)] and total TC in plasma.
Methods: We captured holoTC with magnetic beads with TC antibodies and used a conventional MBA for cobalamin measurements. Total TC was determined as holoTC after TC was saturated with cyanocobalamin. The new assays were compared with published methods. Determinants and reference values were determined in 500 blood donors, ages 18–69 years.
Results: Determination of cobalamin, holoTC, and TC by MBA required &lt;150 μL. HoloTC and TC by MBA correlated with holoTC by RIA (r = 0.95) and TC by ELISA (r = 0.79), respectively. Between-day CVs for holoTC and total TC were 4%–9%. Women had lower holoTC than men, but only at age ≤45 years. In multivariate regression analyses, holoTC was positively associated with age (in women only), creatinine (in men only), and plasma concentrations of total TC, folate, and cysteine, but inversely correlated with homocysteine and methylmalonic acid. For all study participants, total TC was associated with holoTC and number of TCN2 766C alleles; in female participants only, total TC was also associated with age, homocysteine, and cysteine. Reference values were 670–1270 pmol/L for TC and 42–157 pmol/L for holoTC, but they differed according to age and sex.
Conclusions: Our MBAs for TC and holoTC required low plasma volume and performed acceptably compared with other methods. Determinants of holoTC and TC differed between men and women and according to age. Separate reference intervals for holoTC should be considered in younger women.
Hematologic Safety and Tolerability of Topotecan in Recurrent Ovarian Cancer and Small Cell Lung Cancer: An Integrated Analysis
Authors: Armstrong Deborah K. , Spriggs David , Levin Jeremey , Poulin Ruth , Lane Stephen 
Published: October 2005

Abstract

Learning Objectives
After completing this course, the reader will be able to: Explain the approved indications and treatment schedules for topotecan.Describe the typical pattern of hematologic toxicity during treatment with topotecan.Identify patients who are at higher risk for severe hematologic toxicity during treatment with topotecan.
Access and take the CME test online and receive 1 hour of AMA PRA category 1 credit at CME.TheOncologist.com
The purpose was to conduct an integrated analysis of the cumulative hematologic toxicity of topotecan in patients with relapsed ovarian cancer and small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Data were pooled from eight phase II and phase III clinical studies performed in patients with relapsed stage III/IV ovarian cancer or extensive SCLC treated with topotecan at a dose of 1.5 mg/m2 per day on days 1–5 of a 21-day course. Quantitative hematologic toxicities were assessed using the National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria. A total of 4,124 courses of therapy was administered to the 879 patients in the pooled population. Grade 4 neutropenia was experienced by 78% of patients. The lowest nadirs for neutrophils and platelets generally occurred after the first course of therapy, followed by improvement or stabilization in subsequent courses. Neutropenia was noncumulative. During the first course, significant risk factors were identified: renal impairment and advanced age (grade 3/4 thrombocytopenia and grade 4 neutropenia) and prior radiotherapy; performance status score ≥2; SCLC; and exposure to both cisplatin (Platinol®; Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ, http://www.bms.com) and carboplatin (Paraplatin®; Bristol-Myers Squibb) (grade 3/4 thrombocytopenia only). The most frequent interventions for hematologic toxicities were RBC transfusions, treatment delays, G-CSF support, and dose reductions. Analysis of neutrophil and platelet nadirs and dosing for each course of therapy showed no apparent evidence of cumulative neutropenia or thrombocytopenia. The risk of grade 3 or 4 anemia was higher during the first four courses of therapy and may need to be more aggressively managed with erythropoietin therapy.
Management of Cancer-Related Anemia in Patients with Breast or Gynecologic Cancer: New Insights Based on Results from the European Cancer Anemia Survey
Authors: Barrett-Lee Peter , Bokemeyer Carsten , Gascón Pere , Nortier J.W.R. , Schneider Maurice , Schrijvers Dirk , Van Belle Simon ,   Ecas Advisory Board and Participating Centers
Published: October 2005

Abstract

Learning Objectives
After completing this course, the reader will be able to: Discuss the negative impact of anemia and its sequelae, particularly fatigue, in patients with breast or gynecologic cancer.Describe the results of the European Cancer Anemia Survey (ECAS), which defined the prevalence, incidence, and treatment of anemia in the European cancer community, identified anemia risk factors, and demonstrated that anemia is often suboptimally treated.Explain how the successful management of anemia is associated with patient well-being and improved overall quality of life.
Access and take the CME test online and receive 1 hour of AMA PRA category 1 credit at CME.TheOncologist.com
The incidence, prevalence, and treatment of anemia (hemoglobin [Hb] &lt;12 g/dl) in women with breast cancer and gynecologic cancer were evaluated using data from the European Cancer Anemia Survey (ECAS). Adult patients with newly diagnosed treated or untreated disease, persistent/recurrent disease, and disease in remission were enrolled and followed for up to six chemotherapy cycles or six evaluation points within a 6-month period. At enrollment, 30.4% of breast cancer patients and 49.1% of gynecologic cancer patients were anemic. A significant correlation was shown between low Hb level and poor performance status (World Health Organization criteria) at enrollment for both breast cancer and gynecologic cancer patients. In all, 62.4% of breast cancer patients and 81.4% of gynecologic cancer patients were anemic at some time during the survey. The incidence of anemia, determined in a carefully defined population, was 59.8% for breast cancer patients and 74.8% for gynecologic cancer patients. Despite the high prevalence and incidence of anemia, only 26.3% and 42.7% of patients in the respective groups received anemia treatment. In breast cancer patients, the mean Hb trigger was 10 g/dl for epoetin treatment and 8.6 g/dl for transfusion; corresponding values for gynecologic cancer patients were 10.1 g/dl and 9.1 g/dl. Logistic regression analyses in the overall ECAS population identified five factors as significant and suitable predictors of anemia: lower initial Hb, having lung or gynecologic cancer versus gastrointestinal/colorectal cancer, any other cancer versus gastrointestinal/colorectal cancer, treatment with platinum chemotherapy, and being female. The ECAS data highlight the need for greater awareness of the adverse impact of anemia on cancer patients and for optimal anemia management to ensure maximal patient quality of life.
Supramolecular Ordered Organic Thin Films for Nonlinear Optical and Optoelectronic Applications
Authors: Khan R. U. A. , Kwon O‐P. , Tapponnier A. , Rashid A. N. , Günter P. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractFor second‐order nonlinear optics, a supramolecularly ordered non‐centrosymmetric structure is required. Additionally, well‐ordered organic semiconducting thin films possess superior electronic properties compared to their amorphous counterparts. Herein, we firstly highlight that the design of nonlinear molecules and their functionalization for good molecular orientation (e.g., H‐bonding) is an important method in which to induce supramolecular ordering during subsequent growth. Secondly, we demonstrate a range of growth strategies (e.g., oblique‐incidence molecular beam deposition, hot‐wall deposition) for the growth of molecularly ordered thin films. Thirdly, we discuss various organic supramolecularly ordered material systems (4‐[trans(pyridin‐4‐ylvinyl)] benzoic acid, 5‐bromo‐5′‐formyl‐2,2′‐bithiophene‐4‐nitrophenyl hydrazone, tris(8‐hydroxyquinoline) aluminum) and observe the effects of molecular orientation on their nonlinear optical and optoelectronic properties.
Core–Shell Zeolite Microcomposites
Authors: Bouizi Y. , Diaz I. , Rouleau L. , Valtchev V. P. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractCore–shell zeolite composites possessing a core and a shell of different zeolite structure types have been synthesized. A characteristic feature of the obtained composites is the relatively large single‐crystal core and the very thin polycrystalline shell. The incompatibility between the core crystals and the zeolite precursor mixture yielding the shell layer has been circumvented by the adsorption of nanoseeds on the core surface, which induced the crystallization of the shell. The pretreated core crystals are subsequently subjected to a continuous growth in a zeolite precursor mixture. The feasibility of this synthetic approach has been exemplified by the preparation of core–shell β‐zeolite–silicalite‐1 composites. The synthesized composites have been characterized using X‐ray diffraction, high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The integrity of the shell layer has been tested via N2‐adsorption measurements on materials comprising a calcined core (β‐zeolite) and a non‐calcined tetrapropylammonium (TPA)‐containing shell, the latter being non‐permeable for the N2 molecules. These measurements have shown that 86 % of the β‐zeolite crystals are covered with a defect‐free TPA–silicalite‐1 shell after a single hydrothermal treatment, while after three consecutive crystallization steps this value reaches 99 %. The shell integrity of the calcined composite has been studied by the adsorption of butane, toluene, and 1,3,5‐trimethylbenzene, which confirmed the superior performance of the triple‐shell composites.