bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Endurance performance in masters athletes
Authors: Reaburn Peter , Dascombe Ben 
Published: January 2008

AbstractMasters athletes are typically older than 35 years of age and systematically train for, and compete in, organized forms of sport specifically designed for older adults. They are motivated to participate in masters sport for a wide variety of reasons. Age-related declines in endurance performance are observed across the endurance sports of running, orienteering, rowing, and swimming. These declines are curvilinear from age 35 years until approximately age 60–70 years and exponential thereafter. The decline in endurance performance appears primarily due to an age-related decrease in VO2maxsecondary to an age-related decrease in HRmaxand possible age-related declines in stroke volume and arteriovenous oxygen difference. While performance velocity at lactate threshold decreases with age in masters endurance athletes, it appears to increase relative to VO2maxwhile exercise economy is maintained. There also appears an age-related decrease in active muscle mass, type II muscle fiber size, and blood volume that contribute to decreased endurance performance. However, research suggests that maintenance of training intensity and volume into older age may mediate the rate of age-related decline in VO2max, stroke volume, arteriovenous oxygen difference, blood volume, and muscle mass in masters endurance athletes.
Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Employed as Seeds for the Induction of Microcrystalline Diamond Synthesis
Authors: Uppireddi Kishore , Resto Oscar , Weiner Brad R , Morell Gerardo 
Published: January 2008

Abstract
Iron nanoparticles were employed to induce the synthesis of diamond on molybdenum, silicon, and quartz substrates. Diamond films were grown using conventional conditions for diamond synthesis by hot filament chemical vapor deposition, except that dispersed iron oxide nanoparticles replaced the seeding. X-ray diffraction, visible, and ultraviolet Raman Spectroscopy, energy-filtered transmission electron microscopy , electron energy-loss spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were employed to study the carbon bonding nature of the films and to analyze the carbon clustering around the seed nanoparticles leading to diamond synthesis. The results indicate that iron oxide nanoparticles lose the O atoms, becoming thus active C traps that induce the formation of a dense region of trigonally and tetrahedrally bonded carbon around them with the ensuing precipitation of diamond-type bonds that develop into microcrystalline diamond films under chemical vapor deposition conditions. This approach to diamond induction can be combined with dip pen nanolithography for the selective deposition of diamond and diamond patterning while avoiding surface damage associated to diamond-seeding methods.
Combining Results of Two GC Separations Partly Achieves Determination of All cis and trans 16:1, 18:1, 18:2 and 18:3 Except CLA Isomers of Milk Fat as Demonstrated Using Ag‐Ion SPE Fractionation
Authors: Kramer John K. G. , Hernandez Marta , Cruz‐Hernandez Cristina , Kraft Jana , Dugan Michael E. R. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractMilk fat is a complex mixture of geometric and positional isomers of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated, including short‐, long‐ and branch‐chain fatty acids (FAs). There has been partial success to resolve this mixture of FAs using different GC temperature programs, or a combination of GC isothermal and temperature programs. To overcome the problem associated with overlapping isomers prior silver‐ion separation was recommended. However, this procedure is time consuming and not practical for routine analysis. In addition, previous methods focused mainly on the trans and cis isomers of 18:1. The present method takes advantage of differences in the relative elution times between different types of FAs. The method involved analyzing each milk fat using the same highly polar 100‐m capillary column and GC instrument, and conducting two separations using temperature programs that plateau at 175 and 150 °C. The relative shift among the geometric and positional isomers at these two temperature settings was enough to permit identification of most of the trans and cis 16:1, 18:1 and 20:1, the c/t‐18:2 and the c/c/t‐18:3 isomers found in milk fat. The identity of these FAs was confirmed by prior separation of the total fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) of milk fat using Ag+‐SPE columns, and comparing the fractions to the total milk fat. The Ag+‐SPE technique was modified to obtain pure saturated, trans‐ and cis‐monounsaturated and diunsaturated FAMEs. By combining the results from these two separate GC analyses, knowing the elution order, it was possible to determine most of the geometric and positional isomers of 16:1, 18:1, 20:1, 18:2 and 18:3 without a prior silver‐ion separation. Only few minor FAs could not be resolved, notable the conjugated linoleic acid isomers that still required the complimentary Ag+‐HPLC separation. The two GC temperature programs have been successfully used to routinely analyze most FA isomers in total milk and beef fats in about 200 min without the use of prior silver‐ion separations.
Santaluminsulare Acetylenic Fatty Acid Seed Oils: Comparison within the Santalum Genus
Authors: Butaud J.‐F. , Raharivelomanana P. , Bianchini J.‐P. , Gaydou E. M. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThe sandalwood kernels of Santalum insulare (Santalaceae) collected in French Polynesia give seed oils containing significant amounts of ximenynic acid, E‐11‐octadecen‐9‐oic acid (64–86%). Fatty acid (FA) identifications were performed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) of FA methyl esters. Among the other main eight identified fatty acids, oleic acid was found at a 7–28% level. The content in stearolic acid, octadec‐9‐ynoic acid, was low (0.7–3.0%). An inverse relationship was demonstrated between ximenynic acid and oleic acid using 20 seed oils. Results obtained have been compared to other previously published data on species belonging to the Santalum genus, using multivariate statistical analysis. The relative FA S. insulare composition, rich in ximenynic acid is in the same order of those given for S. album or S. obtusifolium. The other compared species (S. acuminatum, S. lanceolatum, S. spicatum and S. murrayanum) are richer in oleic acid (40–59%) with some little differences in linolenic content.
Invasive pneumococcal and meningococcal disease: association with influenza virus and respiratory syncytial virus activity?
Authors: JANSEN A. G. S. C. , SANDERS E. A. M. , VAN DER ENDE A. , VAN LOON A. M. , HOES A. W. , HAK E. 
Published: January 2008

SUMMARYFew studies have examined the relationship between viral activity and bacterial invasive disease, considering both influenza virus and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). This study aimed to assess the potential relationship between invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD), meningococcal disease (MD), and influenza virus and RSV activity in The Netherlands. Correlations were determined between population-based data on IPD and MD during 1997–2003 and influenza virus and RSV surveillance data. Incidence rate ratios of disease during periods of high influenza virus and RSV activity over the peri-seasonal and summer baseline periods were calculated. The analyses comprised 7266 and 3072 cases of IPD and MD. When data from all seasons were included, the occurrence of pneumococcal bacteraemia and MD correlated significantly with influenza virus and RSV activity both in children and adults. Periods of increased influenza virus and RSV activity showed higher rates of pneumococcal bacteraemia in older children and adults than the peri-season period. Rates of MD in children were also higher during periods of increased influenza virus activity; the same appeared true for MD in older children during periods of increased RSV activity. Although no causal relationship may be inferred from these data, they support a role for influenza virus and RSV in the pathogenesis of IPD and MD.
Sporadic community-acquired Legionnaires' disease in France: a 2-year national matched case-control study
Authors: CHE D. , CAMPESE C. , SANTA-OLALLA P. , JACQUIER G. , BITAR D. , BERNILLON P. , DESENCLOS J.-C. 
Published: January 2008

SUMMARYLegionnaires' disease (LD) is an aetiology of community-acquired bacterial pneumonia in adults, with a high case-fatality ratio (CFR). We conducted a matched case-control study to identify risk factors for sporadic, community-acquired LD. Cases of sporadic, community-acquired and biologically confirmed LD, in metropolitan France from 1 September 2002 to 31 September 2004, were matched with a control subject according to age, sex, underlying illness and location of residence within 5 km. We performed a conditional logistic regression on various host-related factors and exposures. Analysis was done on 546 matched pairs. The CFR was 3·5%. Age ranged from 18–93 years (mean 57 years), with a 3·6 male:female sex ratio. Cases were more likely to have smoked with the documentation of a dose-effect relation, to have travelled with a stay in a hotel (OR 6·1, 95% CI 2·6–14·2), or to have used a wash-hand basin for personal hygiene (OR 3·5, 95% CI 1·6–7·7) than controls. Tobacco and travel have been previously described as risk factors for LD, but this is the first time that such a dose-effect for tobacco has been documented among sporadic cases. These findings will provide helpful knowledge about LD and help practitioners in identifying patients at high risk.
Lichen species density and abundance over ten years in permanent plots in inland Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica
Authors: Johansson Per , Thor Göran 
Published: January 2008

AbstractIn the austral summer of 1991–92, 120 sample plots were established along 11 transects at various distances from the Swedish research stations Wasa and Svea in Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica. These plots were re-examined in 2001–02 to evaluate overall changes and possible local impact from human activities around the research stations on the terrestrial vegetation, formed by lichens and mosses. The results showed high consistencies over the ten years, but nevertheless suggest a slight overall increase in both lichen species density and abundance, measured as the number of lichen records. We did not find evidence for any severe human impact on the lichens and mosses around the research stations. However, sample plots located close to the Svea station had been affected by station maintenance, which has caused local decline of lichen species such as Umbilicaria decussata. In contrast to the overall consistency and slight increase in lichens we found a decline of Rhizoplaca melanophthalma.
Age composition and feeding ecology of early juvenile Notothenia rossii (Pisces, Nototheniidae) at Potter Cove, South Shetland Islands, Antarctica
Authors: Barrera-Oro Esteban R. , Winter Debora J. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractAge and diet of 140 brown phase early juvenile Notothenia rossii specimens caught at Potter Cove from December 2005–March 2006 were studied. Fish were immature, in the range 8.5–21 cm TL and of age groups 1–2 (otolith/scale readings). The diet (F% and coefficient Q methods) was mainly benthic-demersal organisms with Gammaridean amphipods (primarily Gondogeneia antarctica) as the most frequent (F% = 98) and main prey (Q% = 97). The occurrence of algae, gastropods and harpacticoid copepods was high, but these organisms were secondary or occasional food. The importance of other benthic (bivalves, polychaetes, isopods) and pelagic (ostracods, calanoids, hyperiid amphipods, krill) prey was very low. Preference of larger fish for larger prey was evident. Stomach fullness analysis showed high food availability during the sampling period. Young stages of N. rossii are demersal, preying mainly on gammarideans and other invertebrates of the benthic community associated with macroalgae beds. The almost complete lack of plankton components in the diet of early juvenile fish suggests they do not migrate vertically to feed.
Population subdivision in the Antarctic toothfish (Dissostichus mawsoni) revealed by mitochondrial and nuclear single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)
Authors: Kuhn Kristen L. , Gaffney Patrick M. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThe Antarctic toothfish (Dissostichus mawsoni) exhibits a circumpolar distribution in coastal waters south of the Antarctic Polar Front. For a preliminary evaluation of global population structure in this species, we examined four mitochondrial regions and 13 nuclear gene fragments in samples from four CCAMLR Subareas in the Southern Ocean (Australian Antarctic Territory (Subarea 58.4.2), Ross Dependency (Subareas 88.1 and 88.2) and the South Shetland Islands (Subarea 48.1). Significant genetic differentiation within and among locations was observed for both mitochondrial and nuclear loci. The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers developed here will be useful for more extensive analyses of population structure in this species.
Sensitivity to eye gaze in autism: Is it normal? Is it automatic? Is it social?
Authors: Nation Kate , Penny Sophia 
Published: January 2008

AbstractChildren with autism are developmentally delayed in following the direction of another person's gaze in social situations. A number of studies have measured reflexive orienting to eye gaze cues using Posner-style laboratory tasks in children with autism. Some studies observe normal patterns of cueing, suggesting that children with autism are alert to the significance of the eyes, whereas other studies reveal an atypical pattern of cueing. We review this contradictive evidence to consider the extent to which sensitivity to gaze is normal, and ask whether apparently normal performance may be a consequence of atypical (nonsocial) mechanisms. Our review concludes by highlighting the importance of adopting a developmental perspective if we are to understand the reasons why people with autism process eye gaze information atypically.
Longitudinal relations between parental drinking problems, family functioning, and child adjustment
Authors: Keller PEGGY S. , Cummings E. Mark , Davies Patrick T. , Mitchell Patricia M. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractRelations between maternal and paternal problem drinking symptoms and destructive marital conflict, parenting problems, and children's internalizing and externalizing problems were investigated. Participants were community families with a child in kindergarten who completed questionnaire measures at baseline (N = 235), 1 year later (N = 227), and 2 years later (N = 215). Structural equation modeling revealed that paternal problem drinking at Time 1 was associated with greater destructive marital conflict 1 year later. In turn, destructive marital conflict was related to decreased parental warmth and increased parental psychological control; these parenting problems were associated with greater child internalizing and externalizing problems at the third time point. Further analyses revealed that the indirect effects of paternal drinking on children's adjustment were significant, and that relations remained even after including autoregressive effects. Findings are discussed in terms of family process models for relations between parental drinking and child adjustment problems.
True and false recall and dissociation among maltreated children: The role of self-schema
Authors: Valentino Kristin , Cicchetti Dante , Rogosch Fred A. , Toth Sheree L. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThe current investigation addresses the manner through which trauma affects basic memory and self-system processes. True and false recall for self-referent stimuli were assessed in conjunction with dissociative symptomatology among abused (N= 76), neglected (N= 92), and nonmaltreated (N= 116) school-aged children. Abused, neglected, and nonmaltreated children did not differ in the level of processing self-schema effect or in the occurrence and frequency of false recall. Rather, differences in the affective valence of false recall emerged as a function of maltreatment subtype and age. Regarding dissociation, the abused children displayed higher levels of dissociative symptomatology than did the nonmaltreated children. Although abused, neglected, and nonmaltreated children did not exhibit differences in the valence of their self-schemas, positive and negative self-schemas were related to self-integration differently among the subgroups of maltreatment. Negative self-schemas were associated with increased dissociation among the abused children, whereas positive self-schemas were related to increased dissociation for the neglected children. Thus, positive self-schemas displayed by the younger neglected children were related to higher dissociation, suggestive of defensive self-processing. Implications for clinical intervention are underscored.
Parental imprisonment: Long-lasting effects on boys' internalizing problems through the life course
Authors: Murray Joseph , Farrington David P. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractQualitative studies suggest that children react to parental imprisonment by developing internalizing as well as externalizing behaviors. However, no previous study has examined the effects of parental imprisonment on children's internalizing problems using standardized instruments, appropriate comparison groups, and long-term follow-up. Using prospective longitudinal data from the Cambridge Study in Delinquent Development, we compared boys separated because of parental imprisonment during their first 10 years of life with four control groups: boys who did not experience separation, boys separated because of hospitalization or death, boys separated for other reasons (usually parental disharmony), and boys whose parents were only imprisoned before the boys' births. Individual, parenting, and family risk factors for internalizing problems were measured when boys were ages 8–11 years. Separation because of parental imprisonment predicted boys' internalizing problems from age 14 to 48, even after controlling for childhood risk factors including parental criminality. Separation because of parental imprisonment also predicted the co-occurrence of internalizing and antisocial problems. These results suggest that parental imprisonment might cause long-lasting internalizing and antisocial problems for children.
Does adolescent self-esteem predict later life outcomes? A test of the causal role of self-esteem
Authors: Boden Joseph M. , Fergusson David M. , Horwood L. John 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThis paper examines the relationship between self-esteem in adolescence and later mental health, substance use, and life and relationship outcomes in adulthood. The investigation analyzed data from a birth cohort of approximately 1,000 New Zealand young adults studied to the age of 25. Lower levels of self-esteem at age 15 were associated with greater risks of mental health problems, substance dependence, and lower levels of life and relationship satisfaction at ages 18, 21, and 25. Adjustment for potentially confounding factors reduced the strength of these associations to either moderate or statistically nonsignificant levels. It was concluded that the effects of self-esteem during adolescence on later developmental outcomes were weak, and largely explained by the psychosocial context within which self-esteem develops.
A neurocognitive model of borderline personality disorder: Effects of childhood sexual abuse and relationship to adult social attachment disturbance
Authors: Minzenberg Michael J. , Poole John H. , Vinogradov Sophia 
Published: January 2008

AbstractBorderline personality disorder (BPD) is a paradigmatic disorder of adult attachment, with high rates of antecedent childhood maltreatment. The neurocognitive correlates of both attachment disturbance and maltreatment are both presently unknown in BPD. This study evaluated whether dimensional adult attachment disturbance in BPD is related to specific neurocognitive deficits, and whether childhood maltreatment is related to these dysfunctions. An outpatient BPD group (n= 43) performed nearly 1SDbelow a control group (n= 26) on short-term recall, executive, and intelligence functions. These deficits were not affected by emotionally charged stimuli. In the BPD group, impaired recall was related to attachment–anxiety, whereas executive dysfunction was related to attachment–avoidance. Abuse history was correlated significantly with executive dysfunction and at a trend level with impaired recall. Neurocognitive deficits and abuse history exhibited both independent and interactive effects on adult attachment disturbance. These results suggest that (a) BPD patients' reactivity in attachment relationships is related to temporal–limbic dysfunction, irrespective of the emotional content of stimuli, (b) BPD patients' avoidance within attachment relationships may be a relational strategy to compensate for the emotional consequences of frontal-executive dysregulation, and (c) childhood abuse may contribute to these neurocognitive deficits but may also exert effects on adult attachment disturbance that is both independent and interacting with neurocognitive dysfunction.
Un résultat de connexité pour les variétés analytiques p-adiques: privilège et noethérianité
Authors: Poineau Jérôme 
Published: January 2008

AbstractLet k be a non-Archimedean field, let X be a k-affinoid space and let f1,…,fn, with $n\in \mathbb {N}^*$, be analytic functions over X. If X is irreducible, we prove that the analytic domain $\bigcup _{1\le j\le n} \{x\in X\mid |f_{j}(x)|\ge \varepsilon _{j}\}$ is still irreducible, provided that $(\varepsilon _{1},\ldots ,\varepsilon _{n}) \in \mathbb {R}_{+}^n$ is small enough. Then, for a general X, we precisely describe how the geometric connected components of the spaces $\{x\in X\mid |f(x)|\ge \varepsilon \}$ behave with regards to ε. Finally, we obtain a result concerning privileged neighbourhoods and adapt a theorem from complex analytic geometry about Noetherianity for germs of analytic functions.
Stability conditions for generic K3 categories
Authors: Huybrechts Daniel , Macrì Emanuele , Stellari Paolo 
Published: January 2008

AbstractA K3 category is by definition a Calabi–Yau category of dimension two. Geometrically K3 categories occur as bounded derived categories of (twisted) coherent sheaves on K3 or abelian surfaces. A K3 category is generic if there are no spherical objects (or just one up to shift). We study stability conditions on K3 categories as introduced by Bridgeland and prove his conjecture about the topology of the stability manifold and the autoequivalences group for generic twisted projective K3, abelian surfaces, and K3 surfaces with trivial Picard group.
Utilisation d’une cohomologie étale équivariante en topologie arithmétique
Authors: Morin Baptiste 
Published: January 2008

AbstractSikora has given results which confirm the analogy between number fields and 3-manifolds. However, he has given proofs of his results which are very different in the arithmetic and in the topological case. In this paper, we show how to provide a unified approach to the results in the two cases. For this we introduce an equivariant cohomology which satisfies a localization theorem. In particular, we obtain a satisfactory explanation for the coincidences between Sikora’s formulas which leads us to clarify and to extend the dictionary of arithmetic topology.