bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rapid Synthesis of Phthalonitrile based Push‐Pull Bent Dibenzodioxin and its Utility in Selective Sensing of Ferric Ions
Authors: Raghava Tanya , Banerjee Subhadeep , Bhavana Purushothaman 
Published: April 2024

AbstractA phthalonitrile‐based bent shaped push‐pull dibenzodioxin was synthesized using an efficient and rapid monowave reactor‐assisted protocol in acceptable yields. When aqueous Fe3+ ion solution was added to the bent dibenzodioxin in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), the fluorescence intensity of bent dibenzodioxin at 450 nm was quenched significantly. UV‐visible and fluorimetric measurements displayed high selectivity and sensitivity towards Fe3+ over other metal ions, with a low detection limit of 0.67 μM. Fluorimetric investigations like interference and reversibility test of bent‐dibenzodioxin with Fe3+ led to proving it as a potential canditate for chemosensor application. Job's plot showed 1 : 2 stoichiometry between the bent‐dibenzodioxin and Fe3+ ions respectively and it was proposed that the the binding of one of the Fe3+ ion is from the phenanthroline‐like bent pocket, featuring two oxygen atoms and the other Fe3+ ions binds with the two ortho‐dinitrile units of the bent‐dibenzodioxin.
Sonography in a large Australian public ultrasound service: 10 years of change and innovation
Authors: Coombs P. R. , Chen J. , Curry G. J. , Fang J. , Lavender I. , Lee A. , Lever F. , Lim S. , McLean G. , O'Reilly C. , Vanhaltren K. , Ptasznik R. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWith, Sonography, celebrating its 10th birthday, it is timely to reflect on the changes in ultrasound and the role of the sonographer, across the same period. This paper will present the significant changes that have occurred across the last 10 years in a large public hospital network in Australia across a diversity of themes. In the areas where challenges have emerged, the way these were navigated will be described. Documenting this change in ultrasound provision may be valuable to future planning for all key stakeholders.
Biomolecular Condensates: From Bacterial Compartments to Incubator Spaces of Emergent Chemical Systems in Matter‐to‐Life Transitions
Authors: Schnorr Wade E. , Childers W. Seth 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAt the earliest development of prebiotic chemistry, bacterial cells were primarily viewed as “bags of molecules.” This longstanding viewpoint shaped and biased early research about life's origins, setting an initial target when considering the path from prebiotic chemistry to modern life. The two fields of systems chemistry and bacterial cell biology seem like oil and water, but each brings their own perspectives and methods to consider “what is life?”. Here, we review the most recent discoveries in bacterial cell biology, focusing on biomolecular condensates to consider how they may impact our thinking of matter‐to‐life transitions. The presence of condensate compartments in the bacterial domain of life strengthens the hypothesis that condensates play roles in coordinating chemical systems in life's origins. Bacterial condensates have been shown to enhance enzymatic reactions, tune substrate specificity, and be responsive to environmental conditions and metabolites. Systems chemistry studies have further illuminated the unique chemical environment within condensates and strategies for logically tying chemical processes to the formation and dissolution of condensates. We consider the potential of biomolecular condensates to provide “incubator spaces” where new chemistries can develop and examine future challenges regarding the capability of condensates to yield emergent chemical systems capable of selection.
The Foundations: ECO_CARE
Authors: Poto Margherita Paola , Parola Giulia 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis chapter outlines the primary objective of the ECO_CARE project: establishing a cooperative governance framework that legally recognizes water and communities as living entities with inherent rights. The chapter underscores the crucial role of water in sustaining life and argues for an ecologically integrated approach to water sustainability and governance, critically analysing the inadequacies of top-down approaches in meeting global environmental goals. Water-related challenges such as scarcity, contamination, and unequal distribution are identified, leading to environmental stress that adversely impacts community and biodiversity rights. The project proposes a water-centric legal response grounded in environmental law, advocating for an integral understanding of water value, interconnectedness, and the necessity of protective actions. The methodological approach of the project relies on legal research and ecological ethics, emphasizing empathy, compassion, and care to foster thoughtful relations within and between ecological communities. The chapter details the project's initial step in remodelling water governance by expanding participatory environmental rights from procedural to substantive positions. This transformative shift aims to amplify the voices of nature defenders and acknowledge nature’s intrinsic value, challenging Euro and Western-centric perspectives.
Cardiff
Authors: Spencer Sarah , Ataç Ilker , Bastick Zach , Homberger Adrienne , Güntner Simon , Kirchhoff Maren , Mallet-Garcia Marie 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis chapter provides background information on the City of Cardiff, capital of Wales, within the United Kingdom, before exploring what is known of its residents with a precarious status. It explains Cardiff City Council’s relevant duties and powers, relative to those of the Welsh and UK governments, and the complexity created by the overlapping legal and policy remits of these different authorities. The chapter sets out our research findings in relation to the city, providing detail on the ways in which migrants with a precarious status are granted access, or excluded, from services; the range of barriers that they face; the Council’s relationship with NGOs in relation to service provision and its internal governance arrangements; as well as the capacity issues the Council itself faces in relation to this group of residents.
Vienna
Authors: Spencer Sarah , Ataç Ilker , Bastick Zach , Homberger Adrienne , Güntner Simon , Kirchhoff Maren , Mallet-Garcia Marie 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis chapter provides background information on the City of Vienna, the capital city of Austria and both a municipal and regional authority, before exploring what is known of its residents with a precarious status. It explains Vienna City Council’s relevant duties and powers, relative to those of the Federal government, and the complexity created by the overlapping legal and policy remits of these different authorities. The chapter sets out our research findings in relation to the city, providing detail on the ways in which migrants with a precarious status are granted access, or excluded, from services; the range of barriers that they face; the Council’s relationship with NGOs in relation to service provision and its internal governance arrangements; as well as the capacity issues the Council itself faces in relation to this group of residents.
City Approaches Compared
Authors: Spencer Sarah , Ataç Ilker , Bastick Zach , Homberger Adrienne , Güntner Simon , Kirchhoff Maren , Mallet-Garcia Marie 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn this chapter we draw out some key themes of comparison in relation to context, the cities’ overall approaches towards their residents with precarious status, and their framing of any rationales that have been expressed for inclusion in services. We then compare practices in relation to the four areas of service provision on which we have focused: healthcare, accommodation, education, and legal services. We conclude with observations on common barriers to accessing those services, on the roles of NGOs, and lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic.
Solvable limit of ETH matrix model for double-scaled SYK
Authors: Okuyama Kazumi , Suyama Takao 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
We study the two-matrix model for double-scaled SYK model, called ETH matrix model introduced by Jafferis et al. [arXiv:2209.02131]. If we set the parameters qA, qB of this model to zero, the potential of this two-matrix model is given by the Gaussian terms and the q-commutator squared interaction. We find that this model is solvable in the large N limit and we explicitly construct the planar one- and two-point function of resolvents in terms of elliptic functions.
Envisioning the Architectural-Urban Nexus in Renaissance Florence in the Case of Palazzo Rucellai
Authors: Mols Nick M. L. , Pezzica Camilla 
Published: April 2024

AbstractFlorence counts as one of the cradles of European Renaissance art and architecture where linear perspective first emerged. These developments led to the pivotal role perception played in Florence’s architectural and urban design conceptions, as seen in the works of Brunelleschi (1377–1446), Michelozzo (1396–1472), and Alberti (1404–1472), among others. Alberti'sDe re aedificatoriapresented an analogy of the city as a house and vice versa, negating hard distinctions between architectural and urban design, while Alberti’s oeuvre, particularlyDe pictura, underscores the primacy of the eye. This suggests the exploration of mathematical relationships between architectural façades and urban space configurations within the Florentine context. Through this approach, the paper explores the cases of Palazzo Pitti, Strozzi, and Rucellai, and advances ongoing debates regarding Palazzo Rucellai’s envisioned finished appearance by using a 3D Digital Twin (DT) of the palace and its immediate urban context to test alternative façade hypotheses. Ultimately, the results unveil the multidimensional character of Renaissance architectural façade design and their urban role as signifiers of the cultural, intellectual, economic, and political valour of their inhabitants.
Mechanical Essence of Double-Arc Formation Along the Eastern Aleutian Subduction Zone
Authors: Hashimoto Chihiro , Kuroiwa Suguru 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe free-air gravity anomaly along the Aleutian subduction zone exhibits a single set of negative and positive trench-parallel belts in the western region, whereas it exhibits doubled negative–positive trench-parallel belts in the eastern region. The eastern inner–western positive gravitational belt corresponds to the topographic chain of the Alaska Peninsula and the Aleutian Islands. However, the eastern outer positive gravitational belt does not coincide with the chain of the topographic outer-arc highs. In this study, we determined the across-trench profiles of the plate interface geometry for the western and eastern Aleutian subduction zones on the basis of the hypocentre distribution. The surface uplift rates computed from the dislocation-based two-dimensional subduction model for the Aleutian plate interface profiles adequately reproduced the western single-arc and eastern double-arc characteristics. The essential factors of the double-arc formation are a low subduction dip angle and a bimodal plate interface curvature distribution within the elastic lithosphere. The double-arc highs of the computed uplift rates more closely coincided with the gravitational highs than the current topographic highs. This implies that tectonic events in the past caused the topographic activity shift towards the continental shelf edge and the subsequent topographic readjustment under the current tectonic state.
Challenges as catalysts: how Waymo’s Open Dataset Challenges shape AI development
Authors: Hind Sam , van der Vlist Fernando N. , Kanderske Max 
Published: April 2024

AbstractArtificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) are becoming increasingly significant areas of research for scholars in science and technology studies (STS) and media studies. In March 2020, Waymo, Google/Alphabet’s autonomous vehicle project, introduced the ‘Open Dataset Virtual Challenge’, an annual competition leveraging their Waymo Open Dataset. This freely accessible dataset comprises annotated autonomous vehicle data from their own Waymo vehicles. Yearly, Waymo has continued to host iterations of this challenge, inviting teams of computer scientists to tackle evolving machine learning and vision problems using Google's data and tools. This article analyses these challenges, situating them within the context of the ‘Grand Challenges’ of artificial intelligence (AI), which aimed to foster accountable and commercially viable advancements in the late 1980s. Through two exploratory workshops, we adopted a ‘technographic’ approach to examine the pivotal role of challenges in the development and political economy of AI. Serving as an organising principle for the AI innovation ecosystem, the challenge connects companies and external collaborators, driving advancements in specific machine vision domains. By exploring six key themes—interface methods, incrementalism, metrics, AI vernacular, applied domains, and competitive advantages—the article illustrates the role of these challenges in shaping AI research and development. By unpacking the dynamic interaction between data, computation, and labour, these challenges serve as catalysts propelling advancements towards self-driving technologies. The study reveals how challenges have historically and presently shaped the evolving landscape of self-driving and AI technologies.
How strength asymmetries shape multi-sided conflicts
Authors: Cortes-Corrales Sebastian , Gorny Paul M. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Governments and multilateral organisations often attempt to influence multi-sided violent conflicts by supporting or undermining one of the conflicting parties. We investigate the (intended and unintended) consequences of strengthening or weakening an agent in a multi-sided conflict. Using a conflict network based on Franke and Öztürk (J Public Econ 126:104–113, 2015), we study how changing the strength of otherwise symmetric agents creates knock-on effects throughout the network. Increasing or decreasing an agent’s strength has the same unintended consequences. Changes in the strength of an agent induce a relocation of conflict investments: Distant conflicts are carried out more fiercely. In line with previous results, asymmetry reduces aggregate conflict investments. In the case of bipartite networks, with two conflicting tacit groups with aligned interests, agents in the group of the (now) strong or weak agent face more intense conflicts. Furthermore, in conflicts where the (now strong or weak) agent is not involved, the probabilities of winning remain unchanged compared to the symmetric case.
Medication use before and during pregnancy in Japan: the Tohoku Medical Megabank Project Birth and Three-Generation Cohort Study
Authors: Noda Aoi , Obara Taku , Shirota Matsuyuki , Ueno Fumihiko , Matsuzaki Fumiko , Hatanaka Rieko , Obara Ryo , Morishita Kei , Shinoda Genki , Orui Masatsugu , Murakami Keiko , Ishikuro Mami , Kuriyama Shinichi 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To elucidate the status of medication use among pregnant women in Japan, by means of a multigenerational genome and birth cohort study: the Tohoku Medical Megabank Project Birth and Three-Generation Cohort Study (TMM BirThree Cohort Study).

Methods
Questionnaires were distributed to pregnant women participating in the TMM BirThree Cohort Study (from July 2013 to March 2017) around 12 weeks (early pregnancy) and 26 weeks (middle pregnancy). We analysed medication use over three periods: (1) 12 months prior to pregnancy diagnosis, (2) the period between pregnancy diagnosis and around week 12 of pregnancy, and (3) post around week 12 of pregnancy.

Results
In total, 19,297 women were included in the analysis. The proportion of pregnant women using medications was 49.0% prior to pregnancy diagnosis, 52.1% from diagnosis to week 12, and 58.4% post week 12 of pregnancy. The most frequently prescribed medications were loxoprofen sodium hydrate (5.5%) prior to pregnancy diagnosis, magnesium oxide (5.9%) from diagnosis to week 12, and ritodrine hydrochloride (10.5%) post week 12 of pregnancy. The number of women who used suspected teratogenic medications during early pregnancy was 96 prior to pregnancy diagnosis, 48 from diagnosis to week 12, and 54 post week 12 of pregnancy.

Conclusion
We found that ~ 50% of the pregnant women used medications before and during pregnancy and some took potential teratogenic medications during pregnancy. In birth genomic cohort study, it is expected that investigations into the safety and effectiveness of medications used during pregnancy will advance.
Expansion of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes from head and neck squamous cell carcinoma to assess the potential of adoptive cell therapy
Authors: Choi Sangjoon , Hossain Mofazzal , Lee Hyun , Baek Jina , Park Hye Seon , Lim Chae-Lyul , Han DoYeon , Park Taehyun , Kim Jong Hyeok , Gong Gyungyub , Kweon Mi-Na , Lee Hee Jin 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Adoptive transfer of in vitro expanded tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) has been effective in regressing several types of malignant tumors. This study assessed the yield and factors influencing the successful expansion of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) from head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), along with their immune phenotypes.

Methods
TILs were expanded from 47 surgically resected HNSCC specimens and their metastasized lymph nodes. The cancer tissues were cut into small pieces (1–2 mm) and underwent initial expansion for 2 weeks. Tumor location, smoking history, stromal TIL percentage, human papillomavirus infection, and programmed death-ligand 1 score were examined for their impact on successful expansion of TILs. Expanded TILs were evaluated by flow cytometry using fluorescence-activated cell sorting. A second round of TIL expansion following the rapid expansion protocol was performed on a subset of samples with successful TIL expansion.

Results
TILs were successfully expanded from 36.2% samples. Failure was due to contamination (27.6%) or insufficient expansion (36.2%). Only the stromal TIL percentage was significantly associated with successful TIL expansion (p = 0.032). The stromal TIL percentage also displayed a correlation with the expanded TILs per fragment (r = 0.341, p = 0.048). On flow cytometry analysis using 13 samples with successful TIL expansion, CD4 + T cell dominancy was seen in 69.2% of cases. Effector memory T cells were the major phenotype of expanded CD4 + and CD8 + T cells in all cases.

Conclusion
We could expand TILs from approximately one-third of HNSCC samples. TIL expansion could be applicable in HNSCC samples with diverse clinicopathological characteristics.
Impact of health and digital health literacy on quality of life following radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer: prospective single-center cohort study
Authors: Keles Ahmet , Kose Muhammed , Somun Umit Furkan , Culpan Meftun , Yaksi Nese , Yıldırım Asıf 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Purpose
The importance of health literacy (HL) and digital health literacy (e-HL) in promoting healthy behavior and informed decision making is becoming increasingly apparent. This study aimed to assess the effects of HL and e-HL on the quality of life (QoL) of men who underwent radical prostatectomy (RP) for localized prostate cancer.

Materials and methods
This prospective observational study included 104 patients who underwent RP for localized prostate cancer. HL and e-HL were evaluated using the validated eHealth Literacy Scale and European Health Literacy Survey Questionnaire Short Form before RP. We evaluated patients’ physical, psychological, social, and global QoL using the validated EORTC QLQ-C30 8 weeks after RP. The exclusion criterion was any difficulties in language and comprehension. We employed one-way ANOVA to compare continuous variables across groups in univariate analysis and used MANOVA for exploring relationships among multiple continuous variables and groups in the multivariate analysis.

Results
Multivariate analyses showed that poorer e-HL and HL were associated with being older (p = 0.019), having less education (p < 0.001), and not having access to the internet (p < 0.001). Logistic regression analysis revealed significant associations between improved e-HL (p = 0.043) and HL (p = 0.023), better global health status, and higher emotional functioning (p = 0.011). However, the symptom scales did not differ significantly between the e-HL and HL groups.

Conclusion
Our study showed a positive association between self-reported HL/e-HL and QoL, marking the first report on the impact of HL/e-HL on the QoL in men who underwent RP for clinically localized prostate cancer.
Current status of undergraduate teaching in forensic & legal medicine in Europe
Authors: Payne-James Jason , Payne-James Grace , Cecchi Rossana , Cusack Denis , Keller Eva , Ludes Bertrand , Madea Burkhard , Väli Marika , Vieira Duarte Nuno , Sajantila Antti 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe European Council of Legal Medicine (ECLM) is the body established in 1992 to represent practitioners forensic & legal medicine and is composed of delegates of the countries of the European Union (EU) and from other countries which form part of Europe to a current total of 34 member countries. The aims of this study were to determine the current status of undergraduate forensic & legal medicine teaching in the curriculum of medical studies in ECLM countries and to use the results of this study to determine whether it would be appropriate to develop new guidelines and standards for harmonising the content of undergraduate forensic medicine training across ECLM member countries. A detailed questionnaire was sent to all individuals or organisations listed on the ECLM contact database. Responses were received from 21 of 33 countries on the database. These responses showed considerable emphasis on undergraduate teaching of forensic medicine in all countries with the exception of Belgium and the United Kingdom. There was great general consistency in the subjects taught. The data from this survey provide a baseline which should assist in developing a strategy to harmonise forensic & legal medicine undergraduate training in member countries of the ECLM. The ECLM is now in a good position to establish a pan-European working group to coordinate a consensus document identifying an appropriate and modern core undergraduate forensic medicine curriculum that can be presented to the medical education authorities in each country, and which can be adapted for local requirements, based on available personnel, the forensic medicine structure in the country, and most importantly, the needs of the local population.