bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vapor‐induced crystallization behavior of bisphenol‐A polycarbonate
Authors: Fan Zhongyong , Shu Chang , Yu Ying , Zaporojtchenko V. , Faupel F. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe effects of exposure time and vapor pressure on the crystallization behaviors of bisphenol‐A polycarbonate (BAPC) films were investigated at 25°C by using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Double melting peaks were observed for various BAPC samples after vapor‐induced crystallization. The low temperature melting peak shifted to higher temperature and became sharper with increasing exposure time, and could be assigned to defective crystals with smaller crystal size. Crystallinity and average crystal dimension normal to (020) were calculated from wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction spectra. A good agreement was obtained between crystallinity values obtained from WAXD and those from DSC.The morphology of crystallized samples after various exposure time periods was examined by means of polarized optical microscopy. Nucleation occurred at the initial stage of vapor‐induced crystallization. Poor crystals become perfect through segment reorganization with increasing exposure time, and spherulites' growth was observed. The average diameter of spherulites increased from 2 μm for 1 h, to 7 and 16 μm after 3 and 56 h, respectively. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 46:729–734, 2006. © 2006 Society of Plastics Engineers
Proteomic analysis of the anterior cingulate cortex in the major psychiatric disorders: Evidence for disease‐associated changes
Authors: Beasley Clare L. , Pennington Kyla , Behan Aine , Wait Robin , Dunn Michael J. , Cotter David 
Published: April 2006

AbstractAbnormalities of the anterior cingulate cortex have previously been described in schizophrenia, major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder. In this study 2‐DE was performed followed by mass spectrometric sequencing to identify disease‐specific protein changes within the anterior cingulate cortex in these psychiatric disorders. The 2‐DE system comprised IPGs 4–7 and 6–9 in the first, IEF dimension and SDS‐PAGE in the second dimension. Resultant protein spots were compared between control and disease groups. Statistical analysis indicated that 35 spots were differentially expressed in one or more groups. Proteins comprising 26 of these spots were identified by mass spectroscopy. These represented 19 distinct proteins; aconitate hydratase, malate dehydrogenase, fructose bisphosphate aldolase A, ATP synthase, succinyl CoA ketoacid transferase, carbonic anhydrase, α‐ and β‐tubulin, dihydropyrimidinase‐related protein‐1 and ‐2, neuronal protein 25, trypsin precursor, glutamate dehydrogenase, glutamine synthetase, sorcin, vacuolar ATPase, creatine kinase, albumin and guanine nucleotide binding protein β subunit. All but three of these proteins have previously been associated with the major psychiatric disorders. These findings provide support for the view that cytoskeletal and mitochondrial dysfunction are important components of the neuropathology of the major psychiatric disorders.
Optically induced electron transfer in an N,N,N′,N′‐tetraanisyl‐o‐phenylenediamine radical cation
Authors: Nöll Gilbert , Avola Manuele 
Published: April 2006

AbstractUpon electrochemical and spectroelectrochemical investigation the radical cation of tetraanisyl‐o‐phenylenediamine turned out to be an almost delocalized system at the borderline between class II and III with an extremely low reorganization energy. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Solution properties of dendronized poly(hydroxy ethyl methacrylate) polymers
Authors: Hietala Sami , Nyström Andreas , Tenhu Heikki , Hult Anders 
Published: April 2006

AbstractFour generations of dendronized polymers with a methacrylate backbone and hydroxy‐functionalized aliphatic polyester dendrons based on 2,2‐bis(methylol)propionic acid were studied in solutions by rheological measurements, dynamic light scattering, turbidimetry, and 1H NMR self‐diffusion measurements to reveal the effect of increasing hydrophilicity and molecular size on their solution properties. The studied polymers were interesting new amphiphiles with a hydrophobic main chain and a hydrophilic shell. Evidence of aggregation upon the heating of the first‐generation polymer in an aqueous solution was obtained by dynamic light scattering and turbidimetry, reflecting the effect of the hydrophobic polymer backbone, whereas the higher generation polymers did not show aggregation upon heating. Although the dimensions of the polymers were observed to increase with increasing generation, all the polymers exhibited low viscosities and Newtonian flow behavior in both aqueous and dimethyl sulfoxide solutions. The relative viscosities of the polymers in water and dimethyl sulfoxide showed that the conformation of the polymers was somewhat more open in dimethyl sulfoxide, and this led to higher viscosities than those in water, in agreement with the 1H NMR diffusion measurements, by which the dimensions were found to be larger for the polymers dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 3674–3683, 2006
Preparation of novel poly(ethylene oxide‐co‐glycidol)‐graft‐poly(ε‐caprolactone) copolymers and inclusion complexation of the grafted chains with α‐cyclodextrin
Authors: Huang Juan , Li Zhongyu , Xu Xuewei , Ren Yong , Huang Junlian 
Published: April 2006

AbstractA well‐defined comblike copolymer of poly(ethylene oxide‐co‐glycidol) [(poly(EO‐co‐Gly)] as the main chain and poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) as the side chain was successfully prepared by the combination of anionic polymerization and ring‐opening polymerization. The glycidol was protected by ethyl vinyl ether to form 2,3‐epoxypropyl‐1‐ethoxyethyl ether (EPEE) first, and then ethylene oxide was copolymerized with EPEE by an anionic mechanism. The EPEE segments of the copolymer were deprotected by formic acid, and the glycidol segments of the copolymers were recovered after saponification. Poly(EO‐co‐Gly) with multihydroxyls was used further to initiate the ring‐opening polymerization of ε‐caprolactone in the presence of stannous octoate. When the grafted copolymer was mixed with α‐cyclodextrin, crystalline inclusion complexes (ICs) were formed, and the intermediate and final products, poly(ethylene oxide‐co‐glycidol)‐graft‐poly(ε‐caprolactone) and ICs, were characterized with gel permeation chromatography, NMR, differential scanning calorimetry, X‐ray diffraction, and thermogravimetric analysis in detail. The obtained ICs had a channel‐type crystalline structure, and the ratio of ε‐caprolactone units to α‐cyclodextrin for the ICs was higher than 1:1. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 3684–3691, 2006
Gender differences in caregiving stress among caregivers of cancer survivors
Authors: Kim Youngmee , Loscalzo Matthew J. , Wellisch David K. , Spillers Rachel L. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractDespite a growing body of research on male caregivers, limited information is available on male caregivers of cancer survivors. Furthermore, few studies have examined the unique contribution of caregiver esteem as well as care‐recipient's functional status as potential mediators of the link between gender and caregiving stress. Thus, the present study examines how the caregiver's perception of providing care to a spouse with cancer differs by gender. The proposed mediators, caregiver's esteem and care‐recipient's psychosocial and physical functioning, were tested simultaneously, utilizing structural equation modeling. Results revealed that both caregiver's esteem and care‐recipient's psychosocial functioning were significant mediators, but in different directions. Specifically, husband caregivers reported higher caregiver's esteem, which resulted in reporting less stress from providing care to their wife with cancer. On the other hand, when husband caregivers provided care to their wife with poorer psychosocial functioning, they reported greater stress from caregiving. Husband caregivers will benefit from programs designed to educate them to effectively assist their wife's psychosocial adjustment to cancer by reducing their stress from providing care. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comprehensive view on ultrafast dynamics of ferromagnetic films
Authors: Djordjevic M. , Lüttich M. , Moschkau P. , Guderian P. , Kampfrath T. , Ulbrich R. G. , Münzenberg M. , Felsch W. , Moodera J. S. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe relaxation mechanisms in magnetic thin films studied in all‐optical pump probe experiments involve electrons, spin and lattice as well as the different couplings in between those. With this technique, the evolution of the electron and spin dynamics can be studied directly in real time from 100 fs to ns timescale. We give a comprehensive view of the current understanding of the processes involved. The details of the spin relaxation‐mechanisms on the ultrafast and Landau‐Lifshitz‐Gilbert time scales are still unknown. Time‐resolved reflectivity measurements on ferromagnetic transition metal films give an insight into the specific electronic and lattice relaxation processes. The time‐resolved Kerr rotation measurements address the demagnetization and relaxation of the spin system. The demagnetization of the spin system observed in general is strongly coupled to the relaxation mechanism of the electrons, thus follows almost instantaneously the dynamics of the electron system. On the longer time scale, coherent magnetization dynamics is described by the Landau‐Lifshitz‐Gilbert equation and results in a precession with periods of 50 to 200 ps typical for ferromagnets. The full understanding of the mechanisms will be only accessible by a complete analysis of the interaction between electrons, lattice and spin system. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Quantification of clopidogrel in human plasma by sensitive liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Nirogi Ramakrishna V. S. , Kandikere Vishwottam N. , Shukla Manoj , Mudigonda Koteshwara , Maurya Santosh , Boosi Ravikumar 
Published: April 2006

AbstractA simple, sensitive and rapid high‐performance liquid chromatography/positive electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry method was developed and validated for the assay of clopidogrel in human plasma. Following liquid‐liquid extraction, the analytes were separated using an isocratic mobile phase on a reversed‐phase column and analyzed by mass spectrometry in the multiple reaction monitoring mode using the respective [M+H]+ions,m/z322/212 for clopidogrel andm/z264/154 for the internal standard. The assay exhibited a linear dynamic range of 5–6000 pg/mL for clopidogrel in human plasma. The lower limit of quantification was 5 pg/mL with a relative standard deviation of less than 8%. Acceptable precision and accuracy were obtained for concentrations over the standard curve range. A run time of 2.5 min for each sample made it possible to analyze more than 400 human plasma samples per day. The validated method has been successfully used to analyze human plasma samples for application in pharmacokinetic, bioavailability or bioequivalence studies. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A cooperative perception system for multiple UAVs: Application to automatic detection of forest fires
Authors: Merino Luis , Caballero Fernando , Martínez‐de Dios J.R. , Ferruz Joaquín , Ollero Aníbal 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThis paper presents a cooperative perception system for multiple heterogeneous unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). It considers different kind of sensors: infrared and visual cameras and fire detectors. The system is based on a set of multipurpose low‐level image‐processing functions including segmentation, stabilization of sequences of images, and geo‐referencing, and it also involves data fusion algorithms for cooperative perception. It has been tested in field experiments that pursued autonomous multi‐UAV cooperative detection, monitoring, and measurement of forest fires. This paper presents the overall architecture of the perception system, describes some of the implemented cooperative perception techniques, and shows experimental results on automatic forest fire detection and localization with cooperating UAVs. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Project AURORA: Infrastructure and flight control experiments for a robotic airship
Authors: de Paiva Ely Carneiro , Azinheira José Raul , Ramos Jr. Josué G. , Moutinho Alexandra , Bueno Samuel Siqueira 
Published: April 2006

AbstractProject AURORA aims at the development of unmanned robotic airships capable of autonomous flight over user‐defined locations for aerial inspection and environmental monitoring missions. In this article, the authors report a successful control and navigation scheme for a robotic airship flight path following. First, the AURORA airship, software environment, onboard system, and ground station infrastructures are described. Then, two main approaches for the automatic control and navigation system of the airship are presented. The first one shows the design of dedicated controllers based on the linearized dynamics of the vehicle. Following this methodology, experimental results for the airship flight path following through a set of predefined points in latitude/longitude, along with automatic altitude control are presented. A second approach considers the design of a single global nonlinear control scheme, covering all of the aerodynamic operational range in a sole formulation. Nonlinear control solutions under investigation for the AURORA airship are briefly described, along with some preliminary simulation results. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Visual servoing of an autonomous helicopter in urban areas using feature tracking
Authors: Mejías Luis , Saripalli Srikanth , Campoy Pascual , Sukhatme Gaurav S. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractWe present the design and implementation of a vision‐based feature tracking system for an autonomous helicopter. Visual sensing is used for estimating the position and velocity of features in the image plane (urban features like windows) in order to generate velocity references for the flight control. These visual‐based references are then combined with GPS‐positioning references to navigate towards these features and then track them. We present results from experimental flight trials, performed in two UAV systems and under different conditions, that show the feasibility and robustness of our approach. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synthesis, characterization and self‐assemblies of magnetite nanoparticles
Authors: Yang Tianzhong , Shen Chengmin , Yang Haitao , Xiao Congwen , Xu Zhichuan , Chen Shutang , Shi Dongxia , Gao Hongjun 
Published: April 2006

AbstractMonodisperse Fe3O4 nanoparticles (NPs) with a narrow size distribution were synthesized by a high‐temperature solution‐phase method. The diameter of magnetic NPs was tuned from 2 to 13 nm by varying the reaction conditions, and the monolayer and multilayer self‐assemblies of the NPs were obtained. A few kinds of the assemblies are presented and the reasons that drive the particles to form the superlattices are discussed. The physical‐property‐measurement system (PPMS) results showed that the as‐synthesized NPs are ferrimagnetic at low temperatures (5 K) while they are superparamagnetic at room temperature (300 K). In addition, the particles were transformed into hydrophilic ones by an exchange reaction. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the phenomenological nature of the work function as determined from electron field–emission experiments on nanotubes and nanowires
Authors: Peng Lian‐Mao , Wang Mingshen , Wang Jingyun 
Published: April 2006

AbstractElectron field–emission current was measured from clean tips of individual carbon nanotubes (CNT) inside the transmission electron microscope (TEM) and analyzed by the Fowler–Nordheim (F–N) theory. The F–N theory was critically examined, and various factors leading to the deviation from the ideal F–N field emission model were discussed. It was concluded that parameters obtained by fitting F–N plot with a straight line, such as the field‐enhancement factor and work function of the one‐dimensional nanomaterials, should be regarded only as phenomenological parameters, and assignment of these parameters with any physical significance should be made with caution. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Why inter‐country loans will not help sumatra's elephants
Authors: Hedges Simon , Tyson Martin J. , Sitompul Arnold F. , Hammatt Hank 
Published: April 2006

AbstractAsian elephants (Elephas maximus) in western zoos are likely to become extinct unless elephants are regrouped into breeding units or additional elephants are imported from range States. There have been proposals for the export of elephants from elephant camps in Sumatra, Indonesia. In exchange, zoos would be expected to provide funds or support ‘in kind’ for the camps or for the conservation of wild elephants. Most of the elephants in the Sumatran camps were captured because of crop‐raiding problems around protected areas or because elephant habitat has been and continues to be lost to development schemes and illegal conversion of protected areas to agriculture. Capture‐related mortality rates are high and conditions in the camps are poor, with low standards of veterinary care and husbandry. This is partly due to over‐crowding and inadequate budgets. It might seem, therefore, that the loan of elephants to western zoos would improve the lot of these elephants and reduce the pressures on the camps. However, we show that both total and annual demand for Asian elephants, and particularly Sumatran elephants (E. m. sumatranus), by western zoos are low, and consequently the resources generated by any loan scheme would be limited. Elephant loan schemes are unlikely to have significant beneficial impact on either the conservation or welfare of elephants in Sumatra. More importantly, a credible loan scheme would require a permanent moratorium on the capture of wild elephants in Sumatra. Such a moratorium is needed to prevent illicit captures for sale or loan. At present, wild elephants are caught to replace those that die at the camps or are moved to other facilities. Without a moratorium, the loan of elephants to overseas zoos would contribute directly to reductions in wild elephant populations in Sumatra. However, a moratorium is likely to prove impossible to enforce, and this alone should call into question the desirability of any loan scheme. Zoo Biol 25:235–246, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Recombinant P‐selectin glycoprotein‐ligand‐1 delays thrombin‐induced platelet aggregation: a new role for P‐selectin in early aggregation
Authors: Théorêt Jean‐François , Chahrour Wissam , Yacoub Daniel , Merhi Yahye 
Published: April 2006

P‐selectin is involved, with P‐selectin glycoprotein (GP)‐ligand‐1 (PSGL‐1), in platelet/leukocyte interactions during thrombo‐inflammatory reactions; it also stabilizes platelet aggregates. Its antagonism accelerates thrombolysis and enhances the anti‐aggregatory effects of GPIIb–IIIa inhibitors. This study was designed to investigate the mechanisms of P‐selectin‐mediated platelet aggregation.In freshly isolated human platelets, P‐selectin translocation after thrombin stimulation increased rapidly to 48, 72, and 86% positive platelets after 60, 120, and 300 s, respectively. Platelet aggregation at 60 s post‐stimulation averaged 46.7±1.9% and its extent followed closely the kinetics of P‐selectin translocation.Pre‐treatment of platelets with P‐selectin antagonists, a recombinant PSGL‐1 (rPSGL‐Ig) or a blocking monoclonal antibody, significantly delayed platelet aggregation in a dose‐dependent manner. At 100 μg ml−1of rPSGL‐Ig, platelet aggregation was completely inhibited up to 60 s post‐stimulation and increased thereafter to reach maximal aggregation at 5 min. The second phase of platelet aggregation, in the presence of rPSGL‐Ig, was completely prevented by the addition of a GPIIb–IIIa antagonist (Reopro) at 60 s, whereas its addition in the absence of rPSGL‐Ig was without any significant effect.Combination of rPSGL‐Ig with Reopro or with an inhibitor of Pi3K (LY294002), which reduces GPIIb–IIIa activation, showed to be more effective in inhibiting platelet aggregation, in comparison to the effects observed individually.rPSGL‐Ig blocks P‐selectin, whereas Reopro and LY294002 block GPIIb–IIIa and its activation, respectively, without a major effect on the percentage of platelets expressing P‐selectin.In summary, platelet P‐selectin participates with GPIIb–IIIa in the initiation of platelet aggregation. Its inhibition, with rPSGL‐Ig, delays the aggregation process and increases the anti‐aggregatory potency of Reopro. Thus, combination of P‐selectin and GPIIb–IIIa antagonism may constitute a promising therapeutic option in the management of thrombotic disorders.British Journal of Pharmacology(2006)148, 299–305. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0706734
Measurement of von Willebrand factor binding to a recombinant fragment of glycoprotein Ibα in an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay‐based method: performances in patients with type 2B von Willebrand disease
Authors: Caron Claudine , Hilbert Lysiane , Vanhoorelbeke Karen , Deckmyn Hans , Goudemand Jenny , Mazurier Claudine 
Published: April 2006

SummaryType 2B von Willebrand disease (VWD) is characterised by an increased affinity of von Willebrand factor (VWF) for its platelet receptor glycoprotein Ib (GPIb). This feature is usually studied in vitro by a ristocetin‐dependent VWF platelet‐binding assay, which has some limitations as it requires [e.g. (radio)‐labelled anti‐VWF antibodies and normal formaldehyde‐fixed platelets]. We, here, extended the applicability of an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay‐based method previously described for the measurement of ristocetin co‐factor activity that used a recombinant fragment of GPIb (rfGPIbα) and horseradish peroxidase‐labelled rabbit anti‐human VWF antibodies for measuring the captured ristocetin‐VWF complexes on the rfGPIbα. Thirty‐one type 2B VWD patients from 15 families with eight different known mutations were studied. VWF in plasma from 28 of these patients bound better than normal VWF at 0·2 mg/ml ristocetin, with the ratio, optical density (OD) patient/OD normal pool plasma, higher than 1·8. For two of the three other patients with no enhanced response of plasma VWF, the platelet lysate VWF showed an enhanced binding capacity; for the last patient, the results in other members of the family are unequivocal. We conclude that, this new method for measurement of plasma or platelet VWF‐binding capacity offers great advantages for correct type 2B VWD diagnosis.
No evidence of significant silencing of Fanconi genes FANCF and FANCB or Nijmegen breakage syndrome gene NBS1 by DNA hyper‐methylation in sporadic childhood leukaemia
Authors: Meyer Stefan , White Daniel J. , Will A. M. , Eden Tim , Sim Alyson , Brown Robert , Strathdee Gordon 
Published: April 2006

SummaryFanconi anaemia (FA) and Nijmegen breakage syndrome (NBS) carry a high risk of haematological cancer. Affected cellular pathways may be modulated in sporadic malignancies and silencing of FANCF through methylation has been shown to cause somatic disruption of the FA pathway. Combined bisulphite restriction analysis for methylation of FANCF, FANCB and NBS1 was used to investigate 81 sporadic acute childhood leukaemias. No methylation was detected at any associated CpG sites analysed. This does not exclude very low levels of FANCF, FANCB or NBS1 methylation, but suggests other factors are responsible for chemo‐sensitivity and chromosomal instability in sporadic childhood leukaemia.