bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Glucose and Sodium Succinate on Oxygen Uptake and Histamine Release in Rat and Guinea‐pig Lung Tissue in Vitro
Authors: Diamant Bertil , Fredholm Bo 
Published: December 2008

AbstractDiamant, B. and B. Fredholm. Effect of glucose and sodium succinate on oxygen uptake and histamine release in rat and guinea‐pig lung tissue in vitro. Acta physiol. scand. 1963. 59. 193–198.—Previous reports on the effect of sodium succinate and glucose on histamine release and oxygen uptake in guinea‐pig and rat lung tissue have been somewhat conflicting, and difficult to interpret. The present study was undertaken to determine whether the effect of the aforementioned substrates on histamine release could be correlated to their effect on the oxygen uptake. The results have shown that such a correlation exists in some but not all of the reactions investigated. The hazards of interpreting correlations between oxygen uptake and histamine release in lung tissue are pointed out.
The Presence of 3–0‐Methylated Noradrenaline (Normetanephrine) in Normal Brain Tissue
Authors: Haggendal Jan 
Published: December 2008

AbstractHaggendal, J. The presence of 3‐0‐methylated noradrenaline (normetanephrine) in normal brain tissue. Acta physiol. scand. 1963. 59. 261–268. — In the brain of normal pigs and rabbits normetanephrine was found in amounts corresponding to about 15 per cent of the noradrenaline values. After reserpine and after a catechol‐0‐methyl transferase inhibitor the levels of normetanephrine and of methoxytyramine were strongly reduced while initially the levels of noradrenaline and dopamine were normal. In extracts from the hypothalamus of man normetanephrine was also found. O‐methy‐lation seems to be an important pathway in the normal metabolism of noradrenaline in brain.
Non‐Essential Role of Prolactin in the Hormonal Restoration of Lactation in Goats with Radio Frequency Hypothalamic Lesions
Authors: Gale Charles C. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractGale, C. C. Non‐essential role of prolactin in the hormonal restoration of lactation in goats with radio frequency hypothalamic lesions. Acta physiol. scand. 1963. 59. 269–283.–Coagulation of the median eminence by radio frequency heating in three of four lactating goats caused an abrupt onset of diabetes insipidus and a decline in milk production to 15 to 30 per cent of pre‐lesion levels. One goat with unilateral injury in the median eminence developed diabetes insipidus briefly but showed little block of lactation. In goats with depressed lactation, the administration of ACTH, STH, T3, and insulin restored milk production to, or above, pre‐lesion levels. Since no deficiency in secretion of prolactin could be demonstrated in goats with hypothalamic regulation interrupted by median eminence lesions, these data are in accord with the hypothesis that prolactin secretion is controlled by a central inhibitory mechanism. Diabetes insipidus developing after RF lesions was characterized by an abrupt onset of polyuria and polydipsia, followed by a well‐demarcated normal interphase, and, then, by a permanent phase of elevated water turnover. An amelioration of diabetes insipidus usually paralleled the decline in milk production after lesions, whereas hormonal replacement, particularly with ACTH and T3, restored levels of water turnover above the maximum attained acutely after lesions. Thus, the participation of adenohypophysial hormones is required for the full manifestation of diabetes insipidus in the goat.
Method for Non‐destructive Determination of the Sodium Transport Pool in Frog Skin with Radiosodium
Authors: Andersen B. , Zerahn K. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractA method is described for measuring the amount of sodium confined between an outer membrane, which is passively but specifically permeable to sodium, and an inner membrane where the active transport mechanism is located. The method allows correction for sodium outside the transport pool. Several determinations can be performed on the same skin. Repetitive determinations gave a standard deviation of ± 7 per cent. A single determination can ordinarily be made in less than an hour. Good agreement is found under suitable conditions between the potential difference calculated from the pool and the measured potential difference across the skin. Furthermore, from the disappearance rate of sodium from the pool and the size of the pool the active sodium transport can be calculated under conditions where other methods cannot distinguish between active and passive movements of sodium.
Localization of Radioactivity in the Superior Cervical Ganglion of Cats Following Injection of C14‐labelled Nicotine
Authors: Appelgren L.‐E. , Hansson E. , Schmiterlöjvv C. G. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe distribution of (‐)‐nicotine‐methyl‐C14 in the superior cervical ganglion of the cat was studied by using autoradiographic and microauto‐radiographic techniques. Five minutes after the intracarotid injection of labelled nicotine the ganglion was removed, frozen instantaneously and then prepared for autoradiography. From the microautoradio‐grams presented it becomes evident that almost all of the radioactivity is localized to the ganglion cells whereas the satellite cells and the connective tissue contain were little radioactivity. It is noteworthy that some of the ganglion cells contain much more radioactivity than others. The possible explanation for this discrimination is discussed.
A Method for Continuous Monitoring of the Rapid Uptake of Ions by Biological Tissues
Authors: Danielson B. , Sjöstrand U. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractA method is described with which the uptake of ions by biological tissues can be studied continuously. The method makes possible studies during short time intervals (0.1 sec). The preparation is mounted in a chamber which is inserted in a gamma‐ray analyzer. Through the chamber is flushed Ringer's solution interrupted by periods of silicone oil. The silicone oil is inert to the system. The preparation used in this paper was the sinus venoms of the frog's heart. Influx curves for K42 and Na24 are presented.
The Influence of Oxytocin upon Some Seminal Characteristics in the Rabbit
Authors: Kihlström J. E. , Melin P. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractSeminal volume, sperm count and sperm density were studied in ejaculates collected from rabbits immediately after intravenous injections of oxytocin. The hormone was shown to increase the volume of the first ejaculate obtained and incite a more rapid emission of sperm cells in the ejaculates immediately following. Some observations may indicate that the oxytocic effect varies with the androgenic status of the animal. Results have been presented suggesting a release of gonadotropins caused by oxytocin.
Cyclic Phenomena in the Sexual Functions of the Bull
Authors: Kihlströn J. E. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractBy means of statistical methods cyclic variations in some sexual functions often bulls used for artificial insrminations have been demonstrated. The cycles found have a length of a few weeks and indicate cyclic processes in the epididymis as well as in the accessory glands. The cyclic variations in fertility were more regular in young bulls than in older ones.
Ezymatic and Molecular Properties of Chokesterases in Human Liver
Authors: Svensmark Ole 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThree fractions of human liver acylcholine acyl‐hydrolasc (cholinesterase, EC 3.1.1.8.) were separated by chromatography on DEAE cellulose and by gel filtration on Sephadex G‐200. One fraction (II) was identical with human serum cholinesterase with respect to enzymatic properties (substrate and inhibitor specificity, pH dependence, activation by ammonium ions), to solubility in the presence of zinc ions, and to electrophoretic mobility beforc and after removal of sialic acid. Since as much blood as possible was removed from the liver before extraction, it seems unlikely that the fraction originates from plasma. The other fractions (Id and Ie) wcre also identical Jvith serum cholinesterase with respect to enzymatic properties, but differed with respect to molecular properties. They were not sialo‐proteins, and their electrophoretic mobilities differed from that of native and of neuraminidase‐treated serum cholinesterase. Separation on Sephadex G‐200 indicates a lower molecular weight of fraction Ic than of fraction Id and II. The findings are consistent uith the assumption that serum cholinesterase is produced in the liver with fraction Id and Ie as precursors and fraction II as the final product.
Effects on Psychomotor Functions of Different Nitrogen‐Oxygen Gas Mixtures at Increased Ambient Pressures
Authors: Frankenhaeuser Marianne , Graff‐Lonnevig V. , Hesser C. M. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractIn order to differentiate and evaluate possible factors responsible for compressed air narcosis, changrs in psychomotor performance (simple and four‐choice visual reaction times and mirror drawing) induced through exposure to different nitrogcn‐oxygrn gas mixtures at raised barometric pressures were studied in 12 subjects. By comparing data from five different experimental conditions evidence was obtained that, at rest, (1) nitrogen pressures up to 3.9 atmospheres absolute have but slight effects on objective performance, and (2) oxygen excess has a potentiating effect on the narcotic action of nitrogen at high pressure. It was concluded that oxygen excess acts indirectly by interfering with elimination of carbon dioxide from the tissues, and that compressed air narcosis is not due to interference with oxidation in the tissues by nitrogen excess.
Phasic and Static Excitability of Touch Receptors in Toad Skin
Authors: Lindblom U. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe excitability of the toad's touch receptors was studied during slowly increasing and static deformation. Graded mechanical stimuli of a linearly rising and a platcau phase were applied to single receptors in situ together with bricf suprrimposrd test pulses. Action potentials were recorded from the afferent fiber in the dorsal root.In the moving stimulus phase, the excitability rose rapidly and then displayed either a peak or a smooth flattening (Fig. 4). As the plateau phase of the stimulation set in, the excitability suddenly fell but a residue of raised excitability persisted statically (Fig. 5, 6).The less rapidly adapting receptors even presented a discharge in the plateau phase. The impulse frequency of this discharge rose linearly with the deformation amplitude (Fig. 9) but the maximum frequency was low as compared with that in the dynamic discharge. While the static excitability change and the plateau discharge were related to the amplitude of deformation, the dynamic excitability change, like the dynamic discharge (Lindblom 19621, depended on the rate of deformation.An hypothesis that there may be two mechanisms — one phasic and one static —in one and the same receptor is discussed. the course of the dynamic excitability explains the latency variations of the dischargr following stimulation at varying deformation rates, and may also account for the regular firing at constant deformation rate (Lindelom 1962). The characteristic rapid adaption is best explained as due to lack of excitation during static stimulation.
Decerebrate Control of Reflexes to Primary Afferents
Authors: Carpenter D. , Engberg I. , Funkenstein H. , Lundberg A. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractDorsal root potentials (DRP) have been compared in decerebrate cats before and after transection of the spinal cord. The DRPs evoked from group I muscle afferents of flexor and extensor muscle are either unchanged or slightly decreased after transection of the cord. In the spinal state the DRP evoked from cutaneous afferents has two components: 1) Component I, representing primary afferent depolarization (PAD) in cutaneous afferents, has brief latency and is of equal size in the decerebrate and spinal states. 2) Component II and the DRPs evoked from high threshold muscle and joint afferents are ascribed to the flexor reflex afferents (FRA) and represent PAD in the FRA. This action cannot be evoked in the decerebrate state. The FRA act on the same primary cutaneous afferents in which component I is evoked. It is concluded that there is a tonic inhibition in the decerebrate state of transmission from the FRA to the FRA but there is neither inhibition of the short latency path from cutaneous afferents to cutaneous afferents nor of the paths from group I muscle afferents to Ia, Ib and cutaneous afferents. The cord dorsum potentials (CDP) have also been compared before and after transection of the cord. The release after brain stem lesions of the CDPs and DRPs evoked from the FRA is compared with the release of actions from the FRA to motoneurones.
Effects from the Sensorimotor Cortex on Ascending Spinal Pathways
Authors: Lundberg A. , Norrsell U. , Voorhove P. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe effect of stimulation of the sensorimotor cortex on ascending spinal pathways was investigated in cats with recording of mass discharges, with intracellular recording from the cell bodies and with unit recording from the axons. Apart from effects caused by primary afferent depolarization there are marked effects from the sensorimotor cortex only on pathways influenced from the flevor reflex afferents (FKA). This holds true for the ventral spinocercbellar tract which is inhibited from the FRA and from cortex and for the ventral spinobulbar tract which is excited from the FRA and from cortex. The same parallelism betwerri actions from cortex and the FKA was found for the dorsal spinocerrbellar tract but not for the spinocervical tract which have FRA activated neurones that are not excited from the sensorimotor cortex.
Liver Catalase Activity during Complete Extra‐Hepatic Biliary Stasis in Rabbits and Dogs
Authors: Aronsen Karl‐Fredrik , Haeger‐Aronse Birgitta 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe liver catalase activity has been studied in rabbits and dogs during and after different periods of complete extra‐hepatic hiliary obstruction. In both animals biliary stasis caused a decrease in enzyme activity. This decrease was most pronounced in the rabbits. After release of the biliary obstruction in the dogs the reduced activity of the liver catalase returned to normal level indicating a rcversible phenomenon. The species difference and the cause of the decrease of the catalase activity in association with biliary stasis has been discussed.
Time Courses of Blood Gas Changes Provoked by Light and Moderate Exercise in Man
Authors: Barr P.‐O. , Beckman M. , Bjurstedt H. , Brismar J. , Hesser C. M. , Matell G. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractChanges in arterial gas levels in response to constant‐load, dynamic exercise (400 and 700 kpm/min for 6 min) were studied in 8 healthy male subjects by continuous analyses of arterial pH and O2saturation. During pre‐exercise rest, spontaneous time‐variations in these variables occurred in all individuals at half‐minute intervals or longer. These cyclic fluctuations, which were quite marked in some individuals, probably in part explain differences reported as to the magnitude and direction of changes occurring in response to exercise. To eliminate most of such influences on the observed deviations following the onset of exercise, the time‐averages over the preceding 3 min were chosen as reference levels. Both pH and O2saturation, when referred to the blood passing through the left heart, remained essentially constant during the first 20–30 sec following the transitions from rest to exercise and from exercise to rest at both work loads. The arterial [H+] rose to reach a plateau during the 3rd and 4th min (average decrease in pH = 0.022 at 400 kpm/min and 0.036 at 700 kpm/min). Calculated arterial PO2, after a transient drop during early exercise, was increased by about 5 mm Hg during the last 3 min of exercise at both loads. About 30 sec after cessation of work, arterial [H+] fell rapidly towards pre‐exercise level, whereas arterial PO2rose markedly to reach its maximal deviation after about 1.5 min. The shift towards acidosis during exercise was roughly proportional to the relative intensity of work, whereas no such relationship was observed on the part of the concomitant increment in arterial PO2.
Influence of Some Local Anesthetics upon the Adrenaline Contraction of Isolated Strips of Rabbit Aorta
Authors: ÅStröm A. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractSeveral local anesthetic agents have been tested for their ability to counteract adrenaline‐and noradrenaline‐induced contractions of the spirally cut strip of rabbit aorta. The method used includes a calibrated spiral spring arrangement attached to a conventional strain gauge transducer. This device which is very useful also for several other isolated organs, is described in detail. All the local anesthetics tested possess anti‐adrenaline activity in appropropiate concentrations (1–3 mM), but procaine, mepivacaine and o‐methyl‐α‐propylamino‐propionanilide (L 67) are about 5 times more active than lidocaine and cocaine in this respect. The antagonism is non‐specific in nature and contractions induced by histamine are counteracted in a similar manner. The results are discussed in relation to the known anesthetic properties of the agents. The conclusion is drawn that the non‐specific anti‐adrenaline action varies independently of the local anesthetic effect as measuredin vitroon the isolated nerve preparation.
Zur Methodik der venösen Okklusionsplethysmografie. Die Wirkung distaler Gefässokklusion auf die Durchblutung im Unterarm
Authors: Graf Klaus 
Published: December 2008

AbstractObservations were made on the circulatory effects of an occlusion cuff applied distally to a forearm segmental plethysmograph. Measurements of the forearm blood flow (plethysmographically and with thermal conductivity recorders) and the pressure in the brachial artery, were performed. The plethysmographic registration of blood flow (arterial inflow) in a forearm segment necessitates a temporary blockade of the more peripheral venous return. The commonly used arterial occlusion was shown to be only partially adequate; besides other disadvantages, it was regularly accompanied during the first 1–2 min by a gradual increase of the blood flow in forearm muscle and skin, and there was also an immediate rise of the local arterial blood pressure. The distal occlusion cuff had to be kept in a constant position as a displacement in the distal direction of only 1–2 cm frequently gave rise to a considerable increase of the plethysmographically measured blood flow values, especially when the forearm or hand circulation was high. A cuff position directly distal to the plethysmograph should be avoided as it causes proximal tissue displacement and probably vessel compression. Every mode of application of the distal occlusion cuff is a compromise between different disadvantages. For venous occlusion plethysmography this means that it is impossible to measure accurately the true blood flow (arterial inflow) in limb segments. On forearm the optimal results were frequently obtained with the cuff 1–2 cm distal to the plethysmograph, and with simultaneous inflation of the distal occlusion and proximal collecting cuff to the same venous occlusion pressure (i. e. about 50–80 mm Hg under normal conditions).
Auswertung und Messfehler okklusions‐plethysmografischer Durchblutungsregistrierungen
Authors: Graf Klaus 
Published: December 2008

AbstractInvestigations were made on the evaluation and interpretation of blood flow measurements performed by venous occlusion plethysmography on human arms and legs. The different types of inflow curves and the criteria for application of the tangents to them are discussed. The arm position which least influences the circulation in the forearm and hand was determined. An investigation was made of the errors of measurement for the determination of the tissue volume enclosed in the plethysmograph as well as for the recording device including the plethysmographs. It is suggested that values for the apparent rate of arterial inflow of between 0.5 and 20–40 ml/100 ml·min can be measured by venous occlusion plethysmography with sufficient accuracy.
The Influence of Chlorpromazine on the Catecholamine Excretion of Normal and Gold Acclimated Rats
Authors: JOHNSON G. E. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractChlorpromazine was administered to normal rats placed at 30° and 20° C and to cold acclimated rats exposed to 30° and 2°. Treatment of the animals at 30° produced no increase in catecholamine excretion. However, rats placed at either 20° or 2° significantly increased their noradrenaline excretion, and to a lesser extent their adrenaline excretion, following chlorpromazine. These increases, also noted in adrenalectomized rats and associated with hypothermia, could be prevented by pretreatment with a ganglionic blocker. It is concluded that the increase in noradrenaline excretion is a result of a temporary hypothermia produced by chlorpromazine and originates from sympathetic nerve endings.
Heart Rate, Arterial Lactate Concentration and Oxygen Uptake During Exercise in Old Men Compared with Young Men
Authors: Strandell T. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractIn 121 healthy men aged 30–83 years heart rate, oxygen uptake, arterial lactate and pyruvate concentrations were studied during stepwise increased work loads on a bicycle ergometer. The relationship between heart rate and work load was not affected by age but the final heart rate and work load decreased with age. In the younger ages the most usual reason for breaking off the test was fatigue in the legs, in the higher ages dyspnoea. The regression line for log lactate on heart rate during exercise was on a higher level in old men than in young. Blood lactate during exercise was correlated both to the degree of circulatory steady state, the heart rate, and the final work load irrespective of age. The relationship between lactate and excess lactate during exercise was similar in old and young men, excess lactate being equivalent to lactate reduced by 2 mM/1. In 20 men aged 60–83 years there was at 600 kpm/min a negative correlation between mechanical efficiency and heart rate and a positive between oxygen uptake and weight or heart rate. No correlation was found between oxygen uptake or mechanical efficiency and age, degree of circulatory steady state or blood lactate concentration.
Iron Metabolism and Erythrocyte Formation in Fish
Authors: Hevesy G. , Lockner D. , Sletten K. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractIron metabolism in tench was studied. At 18° up to 70 per cent of injected Fe59 was taken up by the erythrocytes. In the first days of the experiment an appreciable part, up to 20 per cent, of the Fe59 is present in the erythrocytes as non‐hemoglobin iron, the latter decreases with time. Hemoglobin (Hb) concentration amounted to 5.4 g%, erythrocyte number 1.04×106 per mm3. Serum iron was found to be 61 ü g% and iron binding capacity 250 üg%. Plasma iron half disappearance rate is 4 hours. In fish kept at 5° iron taken up by erythrocytes amounts to 4 per cent only. Both in at 18° and 5° kept fish one Hb fraction and one transferrin fraction was found only. At high oxygen concentration or in nitrogen atmosphere less Fe59 is incorporated in in vitro experiments into erythrocyte hemin than in air. The life time of about 60 per cent of erythrocytes amounts to about 150 days at 18°, indications of longer‐living erythrocytes were found.