bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inscriptions arabes chrétiennes à Najrān et aux environs (Arabie saʿūdite)
Authors: Robin Christian Julien , Qurād Mashʿal ʿAbd Allāh Āl 
Published: March 2024

L’émirat de Najrān qui se trouve dans le sud du royaume d’Arabie saʿūdite, juste au nord de la frontière avec le Yémen, est une zone exceptionnellement riche en vestiges archéologiques et épigraphiques. Parmi ces vestiges, il faut mentionner tout d’abord les ruines d’une importante ville ancienne dans l’oasis de Najrān; le site de cette ville qui s’appelait Ẓirbān a été renommé à l’époque islamique al-Ukhdūd. On retiendra ensuite les quelques dizaines d’inscriptions antiques et proto-islamiques trouvées sur ce site. Ce sont enfin et surtout les très nombreux textes rupestres découverts sur la rive méridionale du wādī Najrān et dans le désert, notamment dans la zone de Ḥimà (à 90 km au nord-nord-est de Najrān).
Dans l’histoire de la formation de l’Islam, Najrān est surtout connue pour sa communauté chrétienne. Mais, jusqu’à une date récente, aucun vestige chrétien n’y avait été repéré. Ce n’est plus le cas désormais: plusieurs textes arabes chrétiens, tous d’époque islamique, ont été découverts par un jeune Saʿūdien passionné d’archéologie, M. Mashʿal ʿAbd Allāh Āl Qurād. Le plus spectaculaire est une belle inscription verticale qui peut être très approximativement datée entre 900 et 1000 de l’ère chrétienne. Pour les environs de Najrān, on peut désormais ajouter notamment, aux inscriptions paléo-arabes chrétiennes découvertes en 2014, quelques graffites d’époque islamique, et un curieux texte, qui commence en écriture arabe et se termine en écriture sudarabique, remontant semble-t-il, au VIIIe siècle.
A Cross-sectional Study on Internet Gaming Disorder and Its Association with Personality Traits in Engineering Students
Authors: Mohamed Imran H  , Chowdhury Sharan Roy , Reddy Indla Ramasubba , Maji Sayan 
Published: March 2024

Background: In the field of psychiatry and mental health, Internet gaming disorder (IGD) is a relatively new concept. In the past few decades, as online gaming and internet usage became increasingly prevalent, this became a topic of concern and research. Therefore, this study aims to estimate the prevalence of IGD and its association with personality traits among students. Methods and material: The present cross-sectional study was conducted at an Engineering college in Nunna, Andhra Pradesh. The planned duration of the study was 12 months, from March 2020 to March 2021. However, it was extended until August 2021 due to the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown, as colleges were closed indefinitely until further instructions. In the current study, a total of 170 students (first year to final year) from an engineering college, aged between 19 and 25 years, were included. Students who provided informed consent or expressed willingness to participate in the study through a self-structured questionnaire and those who had internet access or experience with online gaming in the past 12 months were included. The demographic profile, including age, sex, academic year, accommodation status, and departmental course was studied. Also, the device used for gaming was examined. Results: The gender distribution in the given population indicates that approximately 65.88% are males and 34.12% are females, for a total of 170 individuals studied. In that 18 participants (10.58%) were found to have IGD. Among 18 participants with IGD, 14 were males and 4 were females. The gender prevalence for male and female participants was calculated separately and found to be 12.5% for males, and 6.9% for females which is almost a ratio of 2:1. The summary explores the relation between the Big Five personality traits and IGD. The current study subjects were categorized as low, medium, or high for each trait based on their IGD status (positive or negative). Significant correlations were determined between extraversion and IGD ( p = .02), conscientiousness and IGD ( p = .02), and neuroticism and IGD ( p = .02). Conclusion: The current study findings suggest that the overall prevalence of IGD among college students is 10.58% with a higher prevalence among males, IGD is positively connected with neuroticism and negatively correlated with extraversion and conscientiousness. This implies that certain characteristics, either alone or in combination, may raise the likelihood of individuals developing an IGD.
Creating more comparable cohorts in observational palliative care studies: A proposed framework to improve applicability and replicability of research
Authors: Kochovska Slavica , Murtagh Fliss EM , Agar Meera , Phillips Jane L , Dudgeon Deborah , Lujic Sanja , Johnson Miriam J , Currow David C 
Published: March 2024

Background: Palliative care is characterised by heterogeneous patient and caregiver populations who are provided care in different health systems and a research base including a large proportion of observational, mostly retrospective studies. The inherent diversity of palliative care populations and the often inadequate study descriptions challenge the application of new knowledge into practice and reproducibility for confirmatory studies. Being able to define systematically study populations would significantly increase their generalisability and effective translation into practice. Proposal: Based on an informal consensus process by active palliative care researchers challenged by this problem and a review of the current evidence, we propose an approach to creating more comparable cohorts in observational (non-randomised) palliative care studies that relies on defining the study population in relation to a fixed, well-defined event from which analyses are built (‘anchoring’). In addition to providing a detailed and complete description of the study population, anchoring is the critical step in creating more comparable cohorts in observational palliative care studies. Anchoring can be done with respect to a single or multiple data points, and can support both prospective and retrospective data collection and analysis. Discussion: Anchoring the cohort to reproducible data points will help create more comparable cohorts in palliative care whilst mitigating its inherent heterogeneity. This, in turn, will help optimise the generalisability, applicability and reproducibility of observational palliative care studies to strengthen the evidence base and improve practice.
Rapid point-of-care test for diagnosis of peritonitis in peritoneal dialysis patients
Authors: Htay Htay , Choo Jason Chon Jun , Huang Dorothy Hannah , Jayaballa Mathini , Johnson David W , Koniman Riece , Oei Elizabeth Ley , Suai Tan Chieh , Wu Sin Yan , Foo Marjorie Wai Yin 
Published: March 2024

Background: Periplex® is a rapid point-of-care test based on the detection of interleukin-6 (IL-6) or matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) to diagnose peritonitis in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. Methods: This single-centre study was conducted in Singapore General Hospital from 2019 to 2022. The study recruited PD patients suspected of having peritonitis. Periplex was performed at the presentation and recovery of peritonitis. Primary outcomes were sensitivity and specificity of Periplex at presentation. The positive and negative predictive values of tests were also performed. Results: A total of 120 patients were included in the study. The mean age was 60.9 ± 14.9 years, 53% were male, 79% were Chinese and 47.5% had diabetes mellitus. Periplex was positive in all patients with peritonitis ( n = 114); sensitivity of 100%; 95% confidence interval (CI): 100–100%. Periplex was falsely positive in three patients with non-infective eosinophilic peritonitis, resulting in a low specificity of 50%; 95% CI: 41.1–59.0%. Periplex had a positive predictive value of 97.4% and a negative predictive value of 100%. During recovery from peritonitis, Periplex had high specificity (93.6%) and negative predictive value (98.7%) to indicate the resolution of infection. MMP-8 was more sensitive than IL-6 in detecting peritonitis. Periplex was positive in all patients with peritonitis regardless of the types of PD solutions used. Conclusions: Periplex had high sensitivity, and positive and negative predictive values in the diagnosis of peritonitis can be considered as a screening tool for peritonitis. Given its high specificity and negative predictive value, it may also be used to document the resolution of peritonitis.
British association for sexual health and HIV national guideline for the management of anogenital warts in adults (2024)
Authors: Nugent Diarmuid , Apoola Ade , Coleman Harry , Gilmour Cindy , Lawton Mark David , Nori Achyuta , D C Ross Jonathan , Whitlock Gary , Yeend-Curd-Trimble Hannah 
Published: March 2024

This guideline offers recommendations on the diagnosis, treatment and health promotion principles needed for the effective management of human papillomavirus (HPV)-related warts at anogenital sites including the external genitals, vagina, cervix, urethra, perianus and anal canal. The guideline is aimed primarily at patients aged 16 years or older presenting to healthcare professionals working in level 3 sexual health services in the United Kingdom. However, the principles of the recommendations may be applied in other care settings, including in primary care, using locally adapted care pathways where appropriate. The management of HPV-related anogenital dysplasia or warts at other extragenital sites is outside the scope of this guideline.
Age-specific differences in tumour characteristics between screen-detected and non-screen-detected breast cancers in women aged 40–74 at diagnosis in Sweden from 2008 to 2017
Authors: Jonsson Håkan , Andersson Anne , Mao Zheng , Nyström Lennarth 
Published: March 2024

Objective To analyze differences between screen-detected and non-screen-detected invasive breast cancers by tumour characteristics and age at diagnosis in the nationwide population-based mammography screening program in Sweden. Methods Data were retrieved from the National Quality Register for Breast Cancer for 2008–2017. Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate the likelihood for a tumour to be screen-detected by tumour characteristics and age group at diagnosis. Results In total there were 51,429 invasive breast cancers in the target age group for mammography screening of 40–74 years. Likelihood of screen detection decreased with larger tumour size, lymph node metastases, higher histological grade and distant metastasis. Odds ratios (ORs) for negative oestrogen (ER) and progesterone (PgR) were 0.41 and 0.57; for positive HER2, 0.62; for Ki-67 high versus low, 0.49. Molecular sub-types had OR of 0.56, 0.40 and 0.28, respectively, for luminal B-like, HER2-positive and triple negative versus luminal A-like. Adjusting for tumour size (T), lymph node status (N), age, year and county at diagnosis slightly elevated the ORs. Statistically significant interactions between tumour characteristics and age were found ( p < 0.05) except for ER and PgR. The age group 40–49 deviated most from the other age groups. Conclusions Our study demonstrates that screen-detected invasive breast cancers had more favourable tumour characteristics than non-screen-detected after adjusting for age, year and county of diagnosis, and even after adjusting for T and N. The trend towards favourable tumour characteristics was less pronounced in the 40–49 age group compared to the other age groups, except for ER and PgR.
Crossbow Injuries: Predictors of Mortality
Authors: Julian Joshua W. , Todd Maxwell L. , Marcheschi Benjamin J. , Buchanan Paula M. , Spencer Angela J. , Bitter Cindy C. 
Published: March 2024

Introduction Crossbow injuries are rare but carry significant morbidity and mortality, and there is limited evidence in the medical literature to guide care. This paper reviews the case reports and case series of crossbow injuries and looks for trends regarding morbidity and mortality based on the type of arrow, anatomic location of injury, and intent of injury. Methods Multiple databases were searched for cases of crossbow injuries and data were abstracted into a spreadsheet. Statistics were done in SPSS. Results 358 manuscripts were returned in the search. After deduplication and removal of nonclinical articles, 101 manuscripts remained. Seventy-one articles describing 90 incidents met the inclusion criteria. The mean age was 36.5 years. There were 10 female and 79 male victims. Fatality was 36% for injuries by field tip arrows and 71% for broadhead arrows, p  =  .024. Assaults were fatal in 84% of cases, suicides in 29%, and accidental injuries in 17%, p < .001. Mortality was similar for wounds to the head and neck (41%), chest (42%), abdomen (33%), extremities (50%), and multiple regions, p  =  .618. Conclusions Crossbows are potentially lethal weapons sold with fewer restrictions than firearms. Injuries caused by broadhead arrows are more likely to be fatal than injuries from field tip arrows. The anatomic location of injury does not correlate with fatality. More than half of crossbow injuries are due to attempted suicide, with a high case-fatality rate.
MRI spectrum of avascular necrosis of femoral head in patients treated for COVID-19
Authors: Akhtar Ali Khan , He Lingxiao , Li Jianwen , Zhang Weikai , Tasiken Bahebieergan , Huang Hui 
Published: March 2024

Background and purpose: This prospective observational study aimed to investigate the occurrence of avascular necrosis (AVN) of the femoral head in COVID-19 patients through MRI scans. The study examined the patterns of AVN in 110 individuals who had undergone conventional COVID-19 therapy and reported hip discomfort. This study highlights the importance of considering AVN as a potential complication of COVID-19 therapy, particularly in younger patients who experience hip discomfort. Methods: Individuals who had corticosteroid treatment for COVID-19 and experienced hip discomfort during 6 months between January 2022 and August 2022 were included in this study, and an MRI scan was done to observe changes in the hip joint. Results: The results were classified using the Ficat and Arlet classification system. The analysis revealed that AVN was not present in 91.81% of cases. However, Stage I AVN was detected in 4.54% of cases, Stage II AVN in 2.72% of cases, and Stage III AVN in 1.1% of cases. No cases of Stage IV AVN were observed. Conclusions: The study concludes that AVN occurred in 6% of individuals who underwent conventional therapy for COVID-19 and experienced hip discomfort. In these settings (post COVID-19), normal MRI results were more typical, and mild AVN (Stage I) was a frequent finding in MRI scans that were positive.
Expert opinion on the use of contraception in people with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Hillert Jan , Bove Riley , Haddad Lisa B , Hellwig Kerstin , Houtchens Maria , Magyari Melinda , Merki-Feld Gabriele S , Montgomery Scott , Nappi Rossella E , Stenager Egon , Thompson Heidi , Tulek Zeliha , Verdun Di Cantogno Elisabetta , Simoni Manuela 
Published: March 2024

Background: Current guidance on the selection of appropriate contraception for people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) is lacking. Objective: To address this gap, an expert-led consensus program developed recommendations to support clinicians in discussing family planning and contraception with women and men with multiple sclerosis (MS). Methods: A multidisciplinary steering committee (SC) of 13 international clinical experts led the program, supported by an extended faculty of 32 experts representing 18 countries. A modified Delphi methodology was used for decision-making and consensus-building. The SC drafted 15 clinical questions focused on patient-centered care, selection of contraception, and timing of stopping/starting contraception and disease-modifying therapies (DMTs). Statements addressing each question were drafted based on evaluation of published evidence and the experts’ clinical experience. Consensus was reached if ⩾75% of respondents agreed (scoring 7–9 on a 9-point scale) with each recommendation. Results: Consensus was reached on 24 of 25 proposed recommendations, including how and when to discuss contraception, types and safety of contraceptives, and how to evaluate the most appropriate contraceptive options for specific patient groups, including those with significant disability or being treated with DMTs. Conclusion: These expert recommendations provide the first practical, relevant, and comprehensive guidance for clinicians on the selection of contraception in PwMS.
Impact of COVID-19 on pregnancy and fetal outcomes in women with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Aprea Maria Grazia , Schiavetti Irene , Portaccio Emilio , Ballerini Chiara , Bonavita Simona , Buscarinu Maria , Calabrese Massimiliano , Cavalla Paola , Cellerino Maria , Cordioli Cinzia , Dattola Vincenzo , De Biase Stefano , De Meo Ermelinda , Fantozzi Roberta , Gallo Antonio , Iasevoli Luigi , Karabudak Rana , Landi Doriana , Lorefice Lorena , Moiola Lucia , Ragonese Paolo , Ruscica Francesca , Sen Sedat , Sinisi Leonardo , Signoriello Elisabetta , Toscano Simona , Verrengia Elena , Siva Aksel , Masciulli Camilla , Sormani Maria Pia , Amato Maria Pia 
Published: March 2024

Background: In the general population, maternal COVID-19 is associated with worse maternal and fetal outcomes. Two previous studies have assessed COVID-19 clinical outcomes in pregnant women with multiple sclerosis (MS), but there are no data about maternal and fetal outcomes. Objectives: In this multicenter study, we aimed to assess maternal and fetal outcomes in pregnant women with MS and COVID-19 infection. Methods: We recruited pregnant patients with MS who contracted COVID-19 and were followed up in Italian and Turkish Centers, during 2020–2022. A control group was extracted from a previous Italian cohort. Associations between group (COVID-19 or healthy patients) and clinical outcomes (maternal complications, fetal malformations, and spontaneous abortion) were investigated with a weighted logistic regression where propensity score–based inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) approach was applied for adjusting for difference in baseline confounders. Results: In the multivariable analysis, COVID-19 during pregnancy was associated with a higher risk of maternal complications (odd ratio (OR) = 2.12; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.32–3.48; p = 0.002), while it was not associated with higher risk of spontaneous abortion and fetal malformations. Conclusion: Our data indicate that COVID-19 during pregnancy increases the risk of maternal complications, while it seems to have no significant impact on fetal outcomes.
Developmental associations between motor and communication outcomes in Fragile X syndrome: Variation in the context of co-occurring autism
Authors: Will Elizabeth A , Hills Kimberly J , Smith Kayla , McQuillin Samuel , Roberts Jane E 
Published: March 2024

Fragile X syndrome (FXS), the leading heritable cause of intellectual disability, has a co-occurrence rate of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) estimated at ~60%. The onset and rates of motor development in FXS are slower relative to neurotypical development, and even more so in the context of co-occurring FXS + ASD. Extant evidence suggests these differences are likely to affect communication, yet this developmental process or how it varies in the context of co-occurring ASD remains unknown in FXS. We aimed to delineate developmental associations between early motor abilities and their rate of development from 9 to 60 months of age on communication outcomes in 51 children with FXS, 28 of whom had co-occurring ASD. We also aimed to identify variation in these developmental associations in the context of co-occurring ASD. Results captured within-syndrome variability in these developmental associations as a function of co-occurring ASD. Fine motor proved to be a robust predictor of receptive communication regardless of co-occurring ASD, but we identified differences between FXS with and without ASD in the association between aspects of motor development and expressive outcomes. Findings provide evidence for differential developmental processes in the context of co-occurring ASD with implications for timely developmental intervention. Lay abstract Fragile X syndrome (FXS), the leading heritable cause of intellectual disability, has a co-occurrence rate of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) estimated at ~60%. Children with FXS experience delayed achievement and slower development of key motor abilities, which happens to an even greater extent for children with both FXS and ASD. A multitude of studies have demonstrated that motor abilities are foundational skills related to later communication outcomes in neurotypical development, as well as in the context of ASD. However, these associations remain unexamined in FXS, or FXS + ASD. In this study, we aimed to determine the associations between early motor skills and their rate of development on communication outcomes in FXS. Furthermore, we investigated whether these associations varied in the context of co-occurring FXS + ASD. Results revealed within-FXS variation in the context of co-occurring ASD between some aspects of motor development and communication outcomes, yet within-FXS consistency between others. Findings provide evidence for variability in developmental processes and outcomes in FXS in the context of co-occurring ASD and offer implications for intervention.
Shushing the press shortens lives: cross-national evidence of the impact of press freedom on life expectancy
Authors: Li Qiang , Loh Chung-Ping A. , Ye Yuli 
Published: March 2024

Aims: Press freedom around the globe has deteriorated over the past decade, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper explores the effect of press freedom, as a cornerstone of democracy, on life expectancy. Methods: Exploring cross-country data, we use the ordinary least square method to estimate the association between press freedom and life expectancy. In addition, we adopt three novel instrumental variables to explore the causal relationship. Results: Our estimations indicate that a freer press leads to higher life expectancy, and the effect exists independently of the level of democracy. In addition, the effect of continuous exposure to press freedom is stronger than sporadic free press status. The results are robust to measurement errors, influential outliers, and country-specific heterogeneity. Conclusions: This study reveals the fundamental role of press freedom in promoting public health that was previously underexplored. Therefore, enhancing freedom of expression can be an effective tool to address three of the United Nations Millennium Development Goals, that is, reduce under-five mortality, improve maternal health, and combat HIV/AIDS. JEL:I1 H7 D02