bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Well Test for In-Situ Determination of Relative Permeability Curves
Authors: Chen Shi , Li Gaoming , Peres Alvaro , Reynolds A. C. 
Published: February 2008

Summary
We propose a novel well-test for in-situ estimation of relative permeabilities under two-phase (oil/water) flow conditions. The test consists of three periods: injection of water into an oil reservoir operating above bubblepoint pressure, a falloff test, and a producing period. The producing period is critical because it yields production data that reflect changes in sandface mobility and thus is highly sensitive to the parameters used to model relative permeability curves, whereas our results indicate that injection/falloff pressure data by themselves are not as reliable for defining relative permeability curves. We have developed optimization code based on the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm and coupled it with a commercial reservoir simulator to obtain a procedure for data analysis wherein the reservoir simulator is used as the forward model. By matching data by minimization of a weighted least-squares objective function, we generate estimates of absolute permeability, relative permeability, and the well skin factor. We show the method can be applied with either power-law models or B-splines. We introduce a variable transformation that can be used to ensure that the estimated relative permeabilities are monotonic and concave up when B-splines are used.
Prediction of Mortality Using Measures of Cardiac Autonomic Dysfunction in the Diabetic and Nondiabetic Population
Authors: Ziegler Dan , Zentai Christian P. , Perz Siegfried , Rathmann Wolfgang , Haastert Burkhard , Döring Angela , Meisinger Christa ,   for the KORA Study Group
Published: February 2008

OBJECTIVES—To evaluate whether reduced heart rate variability (HRV), prolonged corrected QT (QTc) interval, or increased QT dispersion (QTD) are predictors of mortality in the general diabetic and nondiabetic population.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Nondiabetic (n = 1,560) and diabetic (n = 160) subjects aged 55–74 years were assessed to determine whether reduced HRV, prolonged QTc interval, and increased QTD may predict all-cause mortality. Lowest quartiles for the maximum-minimum R-R interval difference (max-min, as measured at baseline from a 20-s standard 12-lead resting electrocardiogram without controlling for depth and rate of respiration), QTc &gt;440 ms and QTD &gt;60 ms, were used as cutpoints.
RESULTS—During a 9-year follow-up, 10.5% of the nondiabetic and 30.6% of the diabetic population deceased. In the nondiabetic individuals, multivariate Cox proportional hazard models adjusted for cardiovascular risk factors and demographic variables showed that prolonged QTc interval (hazard ratio 2.02 [95% CI 1.29–3.17]; P = 0.002) but not low max-min (0.93 [0.65–1.34]; P = 0.700), and increased QTD (0.98 [0.60–1.60]; P = 0.939) were associated with increased mortality. In the diabetic subjects, prolonged QTc was also a predictor of mortality (3.00 [1.34–6.71]; P = 0.007), while a trend for an increased risk was noted in those with low max-min (1.74 [0.95–3.18]; P = 0.075), whereas increased QTD did not predict mortality (0.42 [0.06–3.16]; P = 0.402).
CONCLUSIONS—Prolonged QTc interval, but not increased QTD, is an independent predictor of a twofold and threefold increased risk of mortality in the nondiabetic and diabetic elderly general population, respectively. Low HRV during spontaneous breathing tends to be associated with excess mortality in the diabetic but not nondiabetic population.
Relationships among measurements obtained by use of computed tomography and radiography and scores of cartilage microdamage in hip joints with moderate to severe joint laxity of adult dogs
Authors: Lopez Mandi J. , Lewis Brooke P. , Swaab Megan E. , Markel Mark D. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate correlations among measurements on radiographic and computed tomography (CT) images with articular cartilage microdamage in lax hip joints of dogs.
Animals—12 adult mixed-breed hounds.
Procedures—Pelvic CT and radiography were performed. Hip joints were harvested following euthanasia. Orthopedic Foundation for Animals (OFA) and PennHIP radiograph reports were obtained. Norberg angle (NA) and radiographic percentage femoral head coverage (RPC) were determined. Center-edge angle (CEA), horizontal toit externe angle (HTEA), ventral acetabular sector angle (VASA), dorsal acetabular sector angle (DASA), horizontal acetabular sector angle (HASA), acetabular index (AI), and CT percentage femoral head coverage (CPC) were measured on 2-dimensional CT images. Femoral head–acetabular shelf percentage was measured on sagittal 3-dimensional CT (SCT) and transverse 3-dimensional CT (TCT) images. Light microscopy was used to score joint cartilage. Relationships of OFA confirmation and PennHIP osteoarthritis scores with radiography, CT, and cartilage variables and relationships of cartilage scores with radiography and CT measurements were evaluated with Spearman rank correlations. Pearson correlation was used for relationships of distraction index (DI) with radiography, CT, and cartilage variables.
Results—Significant relationships included PennHIP osteoarthritis score with cartilage score, CEA, HTEA, DASA, AI, CPC, and TCT; OFA confirmation score with cartilage score, NA, RPC, CEA, HTEA, DASA, AI, CPC, and TCT; cartilage score with NA, RPC, CEA, HTEA, DASA, HASA, AI, and TCT; and DI with cartilage score, CEA, HTEA, DASA, HASA, AI, and CPC.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—CT appeared to be a valuable imaging modality for predicting cartilage microdamage in canine hip joints.
Measurement of equine laminar blood flow and vascular permeability by use of dynamic contrast-enhanced computed tomography
Authors: Kruger E. Freya , Puchalski Sarah M. , Pollard Rachel E. , Galuppo Larry D. , Hornof William J. , Wisner Erik R. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
Objective—To define the reference range for laminar blood flow (BF) and vascular permeability (VPM) in horses without laminitis by use of dynamic contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT).
Animals—9 adult horses that were not lame and had no abnormalities of the laminae or phalanges detectable via radiographic examination.
Procedures—Each horse was anesthetized by use of a routine protocol. Horses were placed in right or left lateral recumbency with the dependent forelimb in the CT gantry; only 1 limb of each horse was scanned. Serial 10-mm collimated transverse CT images were acquired at the same location every other second for 90 seconds during infusion of ionic, iodinated contrast medium. Custom software was used to estimate BF, VPM, and fractional vascular volume (FVV) in the dorsal, dorsomedial, and dorsolateral laminar regions.
Results—Among the 9 horses' forelimbs, mean ± SD dorsal laminar BF was 0.43 ± 0.21 mL•min−1•mL−1. Mean dorsomedial and dorsolateral laminar BFs were 0.26 ± 0.16 mL•min−1•mL−1 and 0.24 ± 0.16 mL•min−1•mL−1, respectively. Mean dorsal laminar VPM was 0.09 ± 0.03 mL•min−1•mL−1. Mean dorsomedial and dorsolateral laminar VPMs were 0.16 ± 0.06 mL•min−1•mL−1 and 0.12 ± 0.06 mL•min−1•mL−1, respectively. Mean dorsal laminar FVV was 0.63 ± 0.20 and dorsomedial and dorsolateral laminar FVV were 0.37 ± 0.14 and 0.34 ± 0.17, respectively.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—In horses, laminar BF, VPM, and FVV can be non-invasively measured by use of dynamic contrast-enhanced CT.
Effect of intermittent oral administration of ponazuril on experimental Sarcocystis neurona infection of horses
Authors: MacKay Robert J. , Tanhauser Susan T. , Gillis Karen D. , Mayhew Ian G. , Kennedy Tom J. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate the effect of intermittent oral administration of ponazuril on immunoconversion against Sarcocystis neurona in horses inoculated intragastrically with S neurona sporocysts.
Animals—20 healthy horses that were seronegative for S neurona–specific IgG.
Procedures—5 control horses were neither inoculated with sporocysts nor treated. Other horses (5 horses/group) each received 612,500 S neurona sporocysts via nasogastric tube (day 0) and were not treated or were administered ponazuril (20 mg/kg, PO) every 7 days (beginning on day 5) or every 14 days (beginning on day 12) for 12 weeks. Blood and CSF samples were collected on day – 1 and then every 14 days after challenge for western blot assessment of immunoconversion. Clinical signs of equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM) were monitored, and tissues were examined histologically after euthanasia.
Results—Sera from all challenged horses yielded positive western blot results within 56 days. Immunoconversion in CSF was detected in only 2 of 5 horses that were treated weekly; all other challenged horses immunoconverted within 84 days. Weekly administration of ponazuril significantly reduced the antibody response against the S neurona 17-kd antigen in CSF. Neurologic signs consistent with EPM did not develop in any group; likewise, histologic examination of CNS tissue did not reveal protozoa or consistent degenerative or inflammatory changes.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Administration of ponazuril every 7 days, but not every 14 days, significantly decreased intrathecal anti–S neurona antibody responses in horses inoculated with S neurona sporocysts. Protocols involving intermittent administration of ponazuril may have application in prevention of EPM.
Antibody index and specific antibody quotient in horses after intragastric administration of Sarcocystis neurona sporocysts
Authors: Heskett Katherine A. , MacKay Robert J. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
Objective—To investigate the use of a specific antibody index (AI) that relates Sarcocystis neurona–specific IgG quotient (QSN) to total IgG quotient (QIgG) for the detection of the anti–S neurona antibody fraction of CNS origin in CSF samples obtained from horses after intragastric administration of S neurona sporocysts.
Animals—18 adult horses.
Procedures—14 horses underwent intragastric inoculation (day 0) with S neurona sporocysts, and 4 horses remained unchallenged; blood and CSF samples were collected on days – 1 and 84. For purposes of another study, some challenged horses received intermittent administration of ponazuril (20 mg/kg, PO). Sarcocystis neurona–specific IgG concentrations in CSF (SNCSF) and plasma (SNplasma) were measured via a direct ELISA involving merozoite lysate antigen and reported as ELISA units (EUs; arbitrary units based on a nominal titer for undiluted immune plasma of 100,000 EUs/mL). Total IgG concentrations in CSF (IgGCSF) and plasma (IgGplasma) were quantified via a sandwich ELISA and a radial immunodiffusion assay, respectively; QSN, QIgG, and AI were calculated.
Results—Following sporocyst challenge, mean ± SEM SNCSF and SNplasma increased significantly (from 8.8 ± 1.0 EUs/mL to 270.0 ± 112.7 EUs/mL and from 1,737 ± 245 EUs/mL to 43,169 ± 13,770 EUs/mL, respectively). Challenge did not affect total IgG concentration, QSN, QIgG, or AI.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—S neurona–specific IgG detected in CSF samples from sporocyst-challenged horses appeared to be extraneural in origin; thus, this experimental challenge may not reliably result in CNS infection. Calculation of a specific AI may have application to the diagnosis of S neurona–associated myeloencephalitis in horses.
Effect of infection with bovine respiratory syncytial virus on pulmonary clearance of an inhaled antigen in calves
Authors: Gershwin Laurel J. , Gunther Robert A. , Hornof William J. , Larson Richard F. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate the effect of infection with bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) on clearance of inhaled antigens from the lungs of calves.
Animals—Eleven 6- to 8-week-old Holstein bull calves.
Procedures—Aerosolized 99mtechnetium (99mTc)-labeled diethylene triamine pentacetate (DTPA; 3 calves), commonly used to measure integrity of the pulmonary epithelium, and 99mTc-labeled ovalbumin (OA; 8 calves), commonly used as a prototype allergen, were used to evaluate pulmonary clearance before, during, and after experimentally induced infection with BRSV or sham inoculation with BRSV. Uptake in plasma (6 calves) and lung-efferent lymph (1 calf) was examined.
Results—Clearance of 99mTc-DTPA was significantly increased during BRSV infection; clearance of 99mTc-OA was decreased on day 7 after inoculation. Clearance time was correlated with severity of clinical disease, and amounts of 99mTc-OA in plasma and lymph were inversely correlated with clearance time. Minimum amounts of 99mTc-OA were detected at time points when pulmonary clearance of 99mTc-OA was most delayed.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—BRSV caused infection of the respiratory tract with peak signs of clinical disease at 7 or 8 days after inoculation. Concurrently, there was a diminished ability to move inhaled protein antigen out of the lungs. Prolonged exposure to inhaled antigens during BRSV infection may enhance antigen presentation with consequent allergic sensitization and development of chronic inflammatory lung disease.
Impact for Human Medicine—Infection of humans with respiratory syncytial virus early after birth is associated with subsequent development of allergic asthma. Results for BRSV infection in these calves suggested a supportive mechanism for this scenario.
Physiologic responses and plasma endothelin-1 concentrations associated with abrupt cessation of nitric oxide inhalation in isoflurane-anesthetized horses
Authors: Grubb Tamara L. , Högman Marieann , Edner Anna , Frendin Jan H. M. , Heinonen Erkki , Malavasi Laís M. , Frostell Claes G. , Ryden Anneli , Alving Kjell , Nyman Görel C. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
Objective—To assess physiologic responses and plasma endothelin (ET)-1 concentrations associated with abrupt cessation of nitric oxide (NO) inhalation in isoflurane-anesthetized horses.
Animals—6 healthy adult Standardbreds.
Procedures—Horses were anesthetized with isoflurane in oxygen and placed in dorsal recumbency. Nitric oxide was pulsed into the respiratory tract for 2.5 hours, and then administration was abruptly discontinued. Just prior to commencement and at cessation of NO administration, and at intervals during a 30-minute period following cessation of NO inhalation, several variables including PaO2, mean pulmonary artery pressure, venous admixture or pulmonary shunt fraction (Qs/Qt), and plasma ET-1 concentration were recorded or calculated.
Results—After cessation of NO inhalation, PaO2 decreased slowly but significantly (172.7 ± 29.8 mm Hg to 84.6 ± 10.9 mm Hg) and Qs/Qt increased slowly but significantly (25 ± 2% to 40 ± 3%) over a 30-minute period. Mean pulmonary artery pressure increased slightly (14.0 ± 1.3 mm Hg to 16.8 ± 1 mm Hg) over the same time period. No change in serum ET-1 concentration was detected, and other variables did not change or underwent minor changes.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The improvement in arterial oxygenation during pulsed inhalation of NO to healthy isoflurane-anesthetized horses decreased only gradually during a 30-minute period following cessation of NO inhalation, and serum ET-1 concentration was not affected. Because a rapid rebound response did not develop, inhalation of NO might be clinically useful in the treatment of hypoxemia in healthy isoflurane-anesthetized horses.
Association of preoperative magnetic resonance imaging findings with surgical features in Dachshunds with thoracolumbar intervertebral disk extrusion
Authors: Naudé Stephanus H. , Lambrechts Nicolaas E. , Wagner Wencke M. , Thompson Peter N. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate the accuracy of specific magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences in determining the site, lateralization, and extent of extruded intervertebral disk material (EIDM), compared with surgical findings, in Dachshunds with thoracolumbar intervertebral disk extrusion (TLIDE).
Design—Prospective clinical study.
Sample Population—16 Dachshunds with clinical signs of intervertebral disk disease.
Procedures—Preoperative T1-weighted, T2-weighted, and short tau inversion recovery (STIR) MRI measurements and description of the location of EIDM were compared with intraoperative measurements and determination of the EIDM position.
Results—The T12-13 intervertebral disk space was the most frequent site of EIDM (6/16 dogs). The EIDM lateralized with equal frequency to the left and right sides; no central extrusions were seen. There was moderate to substantial agreement (kappa, 0.59) between MRI and surgical findings for evaluation of the craniocaudal distribution of the EIDM. For measurement of the length of EIDM, the T1-weighted, T2-weighted, and STIR sequences had a mean error of −1.15, −0.38, and −1.93 mm, respectively; concordance correlation coefficients were 0.666, 0.904, and 0.458, respectively. Mean absolute errors were 2.54, 1.35, and 2.90 mm, respectively; these values did not differ significantly.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—In the thoracolumbar vertebral column of Dachshunds with clinical signs of intervertebral disk disease, MRI is a valuable technique for determining location and craniocaudal length of EIDM. Compared with T1-weighted and STIR images, T2-weighted images appeared to be more accurate and precise and are potentially more reliable for determination of the length of EIDM in those dogs.
Clinical outcome of congenital extrahepatic portosystemic shunt attenuation in dogs aged five years and older: 17 cases (1992–2005)
Authors: Worley Deanna R. , Holt David E. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
Objective—To assess the outcome of extrahepatic portosystemic shunt (EHPSS) treatment in dogs aged 5 years and older.
Design—Retrospective case series.
Animals—17 client-owned dogs.
Procedures—Medical records for dogs (≥ 5 years old) that underwent surgical attenuation of an EHPSS (1992 through 2005) were evaluated; data, including clinical signs, clinicopathologic findings, surgical procedure, and outcome, were recorded. Follow-up information was obtained via patient examination or telephone interview with veterinarians and owners.
Results—Dogs (5 to 9 years old [median age, 6.6 years]) had neurologic (n = 12), urinary tract (8), and gastrointestinal tract (6) EHPSS-associated clinical signs. Serum bile acids and ammonia concentrations were abnormal in all evaluated dogs. Treatment of EHPSSs included complete (n = 6 dogs) or partial (2) suture attenuation or ameroid constrictor placement (9). Two dogs died following surgery. Follow-up information (6 to 120 months) was available for 13 dogs. Deaths were attributable to heart failure (n = 1), bacterial hepatitis (2; with pyelonephritis in 1 dog), and unknown causes (3). At a median of 23 and 25 months, serum bile acids concentrations had almost normalized in 5 of 8 dogs and ammonia concentrations were within reference limits in 3 of 5 dogs, respectively; dogs with abnormal liver function test results had no associated clinical signs. Median long-term survival time was 72 months.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Attenuation of EHPSS in ≥ 5-year-old dogs ameliorated signs of liver dysfunction in surviving dogs, although return of normal liver function occurred less frequently than expected.
Injury Rates Among Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder With or Without Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: Shmueli Dorit , Razi Talish , Almog Moran , Menashe Idan , Mimouni Bloch Aviva 
Published: February 2025

ImportanceInjuries are a major cause of morbidity and mortality among children with neurodevelopmental conditions. Identifying injuries associated with this vulnerable population could inform specific preventive actions.ObjectiveTo compare the injury risk among children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), or coexisting ASD and ADHD with children with typical development (TD).Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis population-based cohort study involved 325 412 children born between 2005 and 2009, followed up until the end of 2021. Data analysis was conducted from February 2 to November 14, 2023. The study data were extracted from the Clalit Health Service (CHS) database, which contains comprehensive clinical and sociodemographic data on all members of the CHS admitted to the emergency departments (EDs) of all hospitals in Israel during the study period. Children who were members of CHS born between 2005 and 2009 were classified into 4 groups: ASD, ADHD, ASD and ADHD, and TD (control).Main Outcomes and MeasuresNegative binomial regression models were used to assess incidence rate ratios (IRRs) of ED visits between the study groups and the control group. These models were adjusted for birth year, sector, and socioeconomic status. IRRs for specific injuries were also assessed. The statistical significance of IRRs was assessed using 95% CIs.ResultsA total of 325 412 children (163 183 boys [50%]) were included in the study. Children with ASD, ADHD, or both had significantly higher ED visit rates than children with TD (IRR, 1.48 [95% CI, 1.42-1.55], 1.45 [95% CI, 1.39-1.52], and 1.29 [95% CI, 1.28-1.30], respectively). Children with ADHD had also higher rates of ED visits due to physical injuries compared with controls (IRR, 1.18 [95% CI, 1.16-1.20]), whereas children with ASD with or without ADHD did not (IRR, 0.96 [95% CI, 0.89-1.05] and 0.91 [95% CI, 0.83-1.00], respectively). A focused analysis of the injury profiles revealed that children with ASD or comorbid ASD and ADHD had higher rates of ingestion and inhalation injuries (IRR, 1.57 [95% CI, 1.06-2.25] and 1.80 [95% CI, 1.28-2.48], respectively) and lower rates of orthopedic injuries (IRR, 0.78 [95% CI, 0.69-0.89] and 0.83 [95% CI, 0.74-0.93], respectively), and animal-inflicted injuries (IRR, 0.44 [95% CI, 0.22-0.79] and 0.92 [95% CI, 0.60-1.35], respectively) than controls.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this large cohort study, different types of injury were associated with children with ASD and ADHD. The causes underlying these associations should be further investigated to develop effective approaches for injury reduction among these children.
Activating Halogen Circulation Enables Efficient and Stable Wide‐Bandgap Mixed‐Halide Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Yang Yang , Chang Qing , Su Jie , Chao Lingfeng , Wang Yonglei , Dai Zhiyuan , Huang Xiaofeng , Nie Siqing , Guo Pengfei , Yin Jun , Liu Zhe , Lin Yen‐Hung , Jen Alex K.‐Y. , Chen Ruihao , Wang Hongqiang 
Published: February 2025

AbstractDeveloping strategies to manage ion‐migration‐induced phase segregation in wide‐bandgap (WBG) perovskites is crucial for achieving high‐performance perovskite‐silicon tandem solar cells (TSCs). However, maintaining continuous suppression of phase segregation from the film crystallization process to device operation remains a significant challenge. The present study demonstrates an efficient strategy of activating halogen circulation in WBG perovskite by using halogen circulation agents (HCA) of N‐halosuccinimide molecules as the sustainable stabilizers, in order to achieve dynamic halogen equilibrium within the precursor solution and perovskite film, which blocks the migration path of Br−/I− ions both in crystallization and aging of WBG perovskites. Attempts on in situ dynamic monitoring of halide migration visually verified the enhanced stability by activated halogen circulation in both WBG films and devices. Consequently, present work achieves a champion efficiency up to 23.25% with a low Voc loss of 0.39 V in the 1.67‐eV‐bandgap device, and the HCA‐based devices can maintain 88% and 93% of their initial efficiencies over 1000 h under continuous illumination and 2500 h at 85 °C in N2 atmosphere, respectively. As a proof of concept, the perovskite/silicon monolithic TSCs are fabricated to demonstrate a high Voc of 1.99 V and a high power conversion efficiency of 33.2%.