bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A review on visible-light eye-tracking methods based on a low-cost camera
Authors: Molina-Cantero Alberto J. , Lebrato-Vázquez Clara , Castro-García Juan A. , Merino-Monge Manuel , Biscarri-Triviño Félix , Escudero-Fombuena José I. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis paper is the first of a two-part study aiming at building a low-cost visible-light eye tracker (ET) for people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The whole study comprises several phases: (1) analysis of the scientific literature, (2) selection of the studies that better fit the main goal, (3) building the ET, and (4) testing with final users. This document basically contains the two first phases, in which more than 500 studies, from different scientific databases (IEEE Xplore, Scopus, SpringerLink, etc.), fulfilled the inclusion criteria, and were analyzed following the guidelines of a scoping review. Two researchers screened the searching results and selected 44 studies (-value = 0.86, Kappa Statistic). Three main methods (appearance-, feature- or model- based) were identified for visible-light ETs, but none significantly outperformed the others according to the reported accuracy -p = 0.14, Kruskal–Wallis test (KW)-. The feature-based method is abundant in the literature, although the number of appearance-based studies is increasing due to the use of deep learning techniques. Head movements worsen the accuracy in ETs, and only a very few numbers of studies considered the use of algorithms to correct the head pose. Even though head movements seem not to be a big issue for people with ALS, some slight head movements might be enough to worsen the ET accuracy. For this reason, only studies that did not constrain the head movements with a chinrest were considered. Five studies fulfilled the selection criteria with accuracies less than $$2^{\circ }$$

2
∘

, and one of them is illuminance invariant.
Interfacial carbon tailoring of porous SiOx/carbon nanotube hybrids towards high-rate lithium storage
Authors: Fan Yingwei , Chen Bo , Guo Xiaohui 
Published: March 2024

AbstractFast charging Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is highly required with the massive development of the electric vehicle market. Integrating silicon with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) has shown great promise for constructing high-rate anodes of LIBs. However, current reported silicon axially coated CNTs electrodes fail to provide a robust conductive connection within the interfacial layer, causing unsatisfactory rate performance. In this paper, a series of novel coaxial hollow nanocables of SiOx/C coated CNTs composite were presented based on a simple sol–gel method and subsequent calcination. Due to the uniform composition of carbon and SiOx at sub-nanometer scale in the coating layer, a strong 3D conductive network is formed between the internal carbon nanotubes and the neighboring electrode particles. When utilized as LIBs anodes, such novel hybrids manifest high reversible capacity (511 mA h g−1 remained after 500 cycles at 0.5 A g−1), high-rate capability (232 mA h g−1 at 5 A g−1) and ultra-long high-current cycling stability (396 mA h g−1 remained after 1000 cycles at 1.0 A g−1). The structural characterization and electrochemical dynamics analysis show that the synergistic effect of abundant mesoporous channels in the coating layer and strong carbon 3D conductive network makes this unique composite structure exhibit excellent electrochemical performance. This work sheds novel light on the wisely design of advanced Si-based anodes with enhanced fast charging performance.
Early Modern Print Media and the Art of Observation
Authors: Leitch Stephanie A. 
Published: March 2024

Early modern printmakers trained observers to scan the heavens above as well as faces in their midst. Peter Apian printed the Cosmographicus Liber (1524) to teach lay astronomers their place in the cosmos, while also printing practical manuals that translated principles of spherical astronomy into useful data for weather watchers, farmers, and astrologers. Physiognomy, a genre related to cosmography, taught observers how to scrutinize profiles in order to sum up peoples' characters. Neither Albrecht Dürer nor Leonardo escaped the tenacious grasp of such widely circulating manuals called practica. Few have heard of these genres today, but the kinship of their pictorial programs suggests that printers shaped these texts for readers who privileged knowledge retrieval. Cultivated by images to become visual learners, these readers were then taught to hone their skills as observers. This book unpacks these and other visual strategies that aimed to develop both the literate eye of the reader and the sovereignty of images in the early modern world.
High-repetition-rate source of nanosecond duration kA-current pulses driven by relativistic laser pulses
Authors: Ehret Michael , Cikhardt Jakub , Bradford Philip Wykeham , Vladisavlevici Iuliana-Mariana , Burian Tomas , de Luis Diego , Henares Jose Luis , Martín Rubén Hernández , Apiñaniz Jon Imanol , Lera Roberto , Pérez-Hernández José Antonio , Santos João Jorge , Gatti Giancarlo 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
We report the first high-repetition-rate generation and simultaneous characterization of nanosecond-scale return currents of kA-magnitude issued by the polarization of a target irradiated with a PW-class high-repetition-rate titanium:sapphire laser system at relativistic intensities. We present experimental results obtained with the VEGA-3 laser at intensities from

$5\times {10}^{18}$

to

$1.3\times {10}^{20}$

W cm

${}^{-2}$

. A non-invasive inductive return-current monitor is adopted to measure the derivative of return currents of the order of kA ns

${}^{-1}$

and analysis methodology is developed to derive return currents. We compare the current for copper, aluminium and Kapton targets at different laser energies. The data show the stable production of current peaks and clear prospects for the tailoring of the pulse shape, which is promising for future applications in high-energy-density science, for example, electromagnetic interference stress tests, high-voltage pulse response measurements and charged particle beam lensing. We compare the target discharge of the order of hundreds of nC with theoretical predictions and a good agreement is found.
A defence of merit transfer: Aquinas's interpretation and desert theory
Authors: Yee Ethan Leong 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
According to Joel Feinberg and most modern scholars of desert, the basis of desert must be a fact about the deserving person, and not about someone else. This widely accepted notion seems self-evident. However according to some religious traditions, such as Buddhism and Roman Catholicism, merit can be transferred from one person to another. That is, someone can deserve something based on some fact about someone else, such as the fact that someone else has carried out an action. This article examines the Catholic concept of merit transfer, first distinguishing it from other contemporary qualifications to the claim that a desert basis must be something about the deserving person. Then the article draws on Thomas Aquinas's explanation of the central role of relationship and love in merit and how it justifies merit transfer to address several objections made by modern scholars to such transfers. After addressing these objections, the article argues that literal understandings of merit transfer are preferable to metaphorical ones, and lastly some implications of merit transfer for Christian theology and the theory of desert more broadly are briefly discussed.
Consumption of Psychological Horror is Associated With Reduced	Stigmatization of Mental Illness
Authors: Sacco Donald F. , Walters Megan , Brown Mitch 
Published: March 2024

Abstract: Pervasive reactions toward mental illness include dehumanization and stigma. Given the portrayal of such disorders as threatening in psychological horror films, consumption of this subgenre of horror could be associated with pronounced stigmatization of mental illness through dehumanization. We report results of an online survey of U.S. undergraduates ( N = 202) who indicated how frequently they consumed various subgenres of horror films, in addition to their tendencies to dehumanize and stigmatize those experiencing mental illnesses. Only psychological horror consumption was associated with these ascriptions. However, and contrary to predictions, greater psychological horror consumption was associated with less stigmatization and dehumanization of mental illness. We provided updated empirical findings and theoretical conceptualizations to provide context for these unexpected findings and discuss the broader potential benefits of the horror genre in reducing stigmatization.
Projecting Flood Risk Dynamics for Effective Long‐Term Adaptation
Authors: Schoppa Lukas , Barendrecht Marlies H. , Paprotny Dominik , Sairam Nivedita , Sieg Tobias , Kreibich Heidi 
Published: March 2024

AbstractFlood losses have steadily increased in the past and are expected to grow even further owing to climate and socioeconomic change. The reduction of flood vulnerability, for example, through adaptation, plays a key role in the mitigation of future flood risk. However, lacking knowledge about vulnerability dynamics, which arise from the interaction between floods and the ensuing response by society, limits the scope of current risk projections. We present a socio‐hydrological method for flood risk assessment that simulates the interaction between society and flooding continuously, including changes in vulnerability through collective (structural) and private (non structural) measures. Our probabilistic approach quantifies uncertainties and exploits empirical data to chart risk dynamics including how society copes with flooding. In a case study for the commercial sector in Dresden, Germany, we show that increased adaptation is necessary to counteract the expected four‐fold growth in flood risk due to transient hydroclimatic and socioeconomic boundary conditions. We further use our holistic approach to identify solutions for effective long‐term adaptation, demonstrating that integrated adaptation strategies (i.e., combined structural and non structural measures) can reduce the average risk by up to 60% at the study site. Ultimately, our case study highlights the benefit of the model for robust flood risk assessment as it can capture unintended, adverse feedbacks of adaptation measures such as the levee effect. Consequently, our socio‐hydrological method contributes to a more systemic and reliable flood risk assessment that can inform adaptation planning by exploring the possible system evolutions comprehensively including unlikely futures.
Leveraging Spatial Metadata in Machine Learning for Improved Objective Quantification of Geological Drill Core
Authors: Grant Lewis J. C. , Massot‐Campos Miquel , Coggon Rosalind M. , Thornton Blair , Rotondo Francesca C. , Harris Michelle , Evans Aled D. , Teagle Damon A. H. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractHere we present a method for using the spatial x–y coordinate of an image cropped from the cylindrical surface of digital 3D drill core images and demonstrate how this spatial metadata can be used to improve unsupervised machine learning performance. This approach is applicable to any data set with known spatial context, however, here it is used to classify 400 m of drillcore imagery into 12 distinct classes reflecting the dominant rock types and alteration features in the core. We modified two unsupervised learning models to incorporate spatial metadata and an average improvement of 25% was achieved over equivalent models that did not utilize metadata. Our semi‐supervised workflow involves unsupervised network training followed by semi‐supervised clustering where a support vector machine uses a subset of M expert labeled images to assign a pseudolabel to the entire data set. Fine‐tuning of the best performing model showed an f1 (macro average) of 90%, and its classifications were used to estimate bulk fresh and altered rock abundance downhole. Validation against the same information gathered manually by experts when the core was recovered during the Oman Drilling Project revealed that our automatically generated data sets have a significant positive correlation (Pearson's r of 0.65–0.72) to the expert generated equivalent, demonstrating that valuable geological information can be generated automatically for 400 m of core with only ∼24 hr of domain expert effort.
Capillary‐Driven Backflow During Salt Precipitation in a Rough Fracture
Authors: Chen Xu‐Sheng , Hu Ran , Zhou Chen‐Xing , Xiao Yang , Yang Zhibing , Chen Yi‐Feng 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSalt precipitation is a crucial process occurring during CO2 injection into saline aquifers. It significantly alters the porous space, leading to reduced permeability and impaired injectivity. While the dynamics of precipitation have been studied within porous media, our understanding of precipitation patterns and permeability evolution within rough fractures remains inadequate. Here, we conduct flow‐visualization experiments on salt precipitation, wherein dry air invades brine‐filled rough fractures under various flow rate conditions. Our observations reveal that the precipitation pattern shifts from ex situ precipitation to homogeneous form as the flow rate (capillary number Ca) increases. Through real‐time imaging of the salt precipitation process, we determine that ex situ precipitation is due to capillary‐driven backflow. This backflow phenomenon occurs when previously precipitated salt, acting as a hydrophilic porous medium, attracts the brine flow backward. As a result, precipitation occurs at a location different from the original site. We further show that the impact of capillary‐driven backflow is significant at low flow rates and is gradually suppressed as the flow rate increases. We provide a theoretical estimation for the critical Ca for the occurrence of capillary‐driven backflow. As Ca is smaller than this critical value, backflow‐precipitation positive feedback causes fracture voids to become completely clogged, thereby leading to a more substantial permeability reduction. In contrast, a homogeneous precipitation pattern tends to only partially clog the fracture voids, causing a relatively smaller permeability reduction. This study enhances our understanding of the role of capillary‐driven backflow in controlling salt precipitation and permeability reduction in fractures.
4D Neutron Imaging of Solute Transport and Fluid Flow in Sandstone Before and After Mineral Precipitation
Authors: Shafabakhsh Paiman , Cordonnier Benoît , Pluymakers Anne , Le Borgne Tanguy , Mathiesen Joachim , Linga Gaute , Hu Yi , Kaestner Anders , Renard François 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn many geological systems, the porosity of rock or soil may evolve during mineral precipitation, a process that controls fluid transport properties. Here, we investigate the use of 4D neutron imaging to image flow and transport in Bentheim sandstone core samples before and after in‐situ calcium carbonate precipitation. First, we demonstrate the applicability of neutron imaging to quantify the solute dispersion along the interface between heavy water and a cadmium aqueous solution. Then, we monitor the flow of heavy water within two Bentheim sandstone core samples before and after a step of in‐situ mineral precipitation. The precipitation of calcium carbonate is induced by reactive mixing of two solutions containing CaCl2 and Na2CO3, either by injecting these two fluids one after each other (sequential experiment) or by injecting them in parallel (co‐flow experiment). We use the contrast in neutron attenuation from time‐resolved tomograms to derive three‐dimensional fluid velocity field by using an inversion technique based on the advection‐dispersion equation. Results show mineral precipitation induces a wider distribution of local flow velocities and leads to alterations in the main flow pathways. The flow distribution appears to be independent of the initial distribution in the sequential experiment, while in the co‐flow experiment, we observed that higher initial local fluid velocities tended to increase slightly following precipitation. The outcome of this study contributes to progressing the knowledge in the domain of reactive solute and contaminant transport in the subsurface using the promising technique of neutron imaging.
Characterisation of colistin resistance in Gram-negative microbiota of pregnant women and neonates in Nigeria
Authors: Portal E. A. R. , Sands K. , Farley C. , Boostrom I. , Jones E. , Barrell M. , Carvalho M. J. , Milton R. , Iregbu K. , Modibbo F. , Uwaezuoke S. , Akpulu C. , Audu L. , Edwin C. , Yusuf A. H. , Adeleye A. , Mukkadas A. S. , Maduekwe D. , Gambo S. , Sani J. , Walsh T. R. , Spiller O. B. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractA mobile colistin resistance gene mcr was first reported in 2016 in China and has since been found with increasing prevalence across South-East Asia. Here we survey the presence of mcr genes in 4907 rectal swabs from mothers and neonates from three hospital sites across Nigeria; a country with limited availability or history of colistin use clinically. Forty mother and seven neonatal swabs carried mcr genes in a range of bacterial species: 46 Enterobacter spp. and single isolates of; Shigella, E. coli and Klebsiella quasipneumoniae. Ninety percent of the genes were mcr-10 (n = 45) we also found mcr-1 (n = 3) and mcr-9 (n = 1). While the prevalence during this collection (2015-2016) was low, the widespread diversity of mcr-gene type and range of bacterial species in this sentinel population sampling is concerning. It suggests that agricultural colistin use was likely encouraging sustainment of mcr-positive isolates in the community and implementation of medical colistin use will rapidly select and expand resistant isolates.
Harnessing whole human liver ex situ normothermic perfusion for preclinical AAV vector evaluation
Authors: Cabanes-Creus Marti , Liao Sophia H. Y. , Gale Navarro Renina , Knight Maddison , Nazareth Deborah , Lau Ngee-Soon , Ly Mark , Zhu Erhua , Roca-Pinilla Ramon , Bugallo Delgado Ricardo , Vicente Ana F. , Baltazar Grober , Westhaus Adrian , Merjane Jessica , Crawford Michael , McCaughan Geoffrey W. , Unzu Carmen , González-Aseguinolaza Gloria , Alexander Ian E. , Pulitano Carlo , Lisowski Leszek 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDeveloping clinically predictive model systems for evaluating gene transfer and gene editing technologies has become increasingly important in the era of personalized medicine. Liver-directed gene therapies present a unique challenge due to the complexity of the human liver. In this work, we describe the application of whole human liver explants in an ex situ normothermic perfusion system to evaluate a set of fourteen natural and bioengineered adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors directly in human liver, in the presence and absence of neutralizing human sera. Under non-neutralizing conditions, the recently developed AAV variants, AAV-SYD12 and AAV-LK03, emerged as the most functional variants in terms of cellular uptake and transgene expression. However, when assessed in the presence of human plasma containing anti-AAV neutralizing antibodies (NAbs), vectors of human origin, specifically those derived from AAV2/AAV3b, were extensively neutralized, whereas AAV8- derived variants performed efficiently. This study demonstrates the potential of using normothermic liver perfusion as a model for early-stage testing of liver-focused gene therapies. The results offer preliminary insights that could help inform the development of more effective translational strategies.
Edible mycelium bioengineered for enhanced nutritional value and sensory appeal using a modular synthetic biology toolkit
Authors: Maini Rekdal Vayu , van der Luijt Casper R. B. , Chen Yan , Kakumanu Ramu , Baidoo Edward E. K. , Petzold Christopher J. , Cruz-Morales Pablo , Keasling Jay D. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractFilamentous fungi are critical in the transition to a more sustainable food system. While genetic modification of these organisms has promise for enhancing the nutritional value, sensory appeal, and scalability of fungal foods, genetic tools and demonstrated use cases for bioengineered food production by edible strains are lacking. Here, we develop a modular synthetic biology toolkit for Aspergillus oryzae, an edible fungus used in fermented foods, protein production, and meat alternatives. Our toolkit includes a CRISPR-Cas9 method for gene integration, neutral loci, and tunable promoters. We use these tools to elevate intracellular levels of the nutraceutical ergothioneine and the flavor-and color molecule heme in the edible biomass. The strain overproducing heme is red in color and is readily formulated into imitation meat patties with minimal processing. These findings highlight the promise of synthetic biology to enhance fungal foods and provide useful genetic tools for applications in food production and beyond.
Effect of mobile food environments on fast food visits
Authors: García Bulle Bueno Bernardo , Horn Abigail L. , Bell Brooke M. , Bahrami Mohsen , Bozkaya Burçin , Pentland Alex , de la Haye Kayla , Moro Esteban 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPoor diets are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Exposure to low-quality food environments saturated with fast food outlets is hypothesized to negatively impact diet. However, food environment research has predominantly focused on static food environments around home neighborhoods and generated mixed findings. In this work, we leverage population-scale mobility data in the U.S. to examine 62M people’s visits to food outlets and evaluate how food choice is influenced by the food environments people are exposed to as they move through their daily routines. We find that a 10% increase in exposure to fast food outlets in mobile environments increases individuals’ odds of visitation by 20%. Using our results, we simulate multiple policy strategies for intervening on food environments to reduce fast-food outlet visits. This analysis suggests that optimal interventions are informed by spatial, temporal, and behavioral features and could have 2x to 4x larger effect than traditional interventions focused on home food environments.
Unveiling diverse coordination-defined electronic structures of reconstructed anatase TiO2(001)-(1 × 4) surface
Authors: Ma Xiaochuan , Shi Yongliang , Cheng Zhengwang , Liu Xiaofeng , Liu Jianyi , Guo Ziyang , Cui Xuefeng , Sun Xia , Zhao Jin , Tan Shijing , Wang Bing 
Published: March 2024

AbstractTransition metal oxides (TMOs) exhibit fascinating physicochemical properties, which originate from the diverse coordination structures between the transition metal and oxygen atoms. Accurate determination of such structure-property relationships of TMOs requires to correlate structural and electronic properties by capturing the global parameters with high resolution in energy, real, and momentum spaces, but it is still challenging. Herein, we report the determination of characteristic electronic structures from diverse coordination environments on the prototypical anatase-TiO2(001) with (1 × 4) reconstruction, using high-resolution angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy and scanning tunneling microscopy/atomic force microscopy, in combination with density functional theory calculation. We unveil that the shifted positions of O 2s and 2p levels and the gap-state Ti 3p levels can sensitively characterize the O and Ti coordination environments in the (1 × 4) reconstructed surface, which show distinguishable features from those in bulk. Our findings provide a paradigm to interrogate the intricate reconstruction-relevant properties in many other TMO surfaces.