bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CIRCULATING LEVELS OF CORTICOTROPHIN AND CORTISOL AFTER INFUSIONS OF L‐DOPA, DOPAMINE AND NORADRENALINE, IN MAN
Authors: WILCOX C. S. , AMINOFF M. J. , MILLAR J. G. B. , KEENAN J. , KREMER M. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYIntravenous infusions of noradrenaline and dopamine in normal saline, and l‐dopa in sodium lactate, were given to seven patients with Parkinsonism, and to five healthy volunteers. Infusions of saline and lactate were given, in a similar manner, to six additional healthy volunteers, who formed a control group. Dopamine and noradrenaline were each given in gradually increasing doses, for periods of 4 min, until a 30% increase in systolic blood pressure had occurred. l‐Dopa (320 mg) was given at a constant rate of infusion over 80 min. Plasma fluorogenic corticosteroids (cortisol) increased with dopamine, and decreased with noradrenaline. These changes were significantly different from the control group in the case of noradrenline only. ACTH values changed in a similar manner. l‐Dopa produced a consistent rise in both ACTH and cortisol that was significantly different from control subjects. The implications of these observations are discussed.
SERUM TRIIODOTHYRONINE 7–15 YEARS AFTER FRACTIONATED LOW DOSE RADIOIODINE THERAPY OF THYROTOXICOSIS
Authors: HERRMANN J. , SCHAPS D. , RUSCHE H. J. , BERGER M. , KRÜSKEMPER H. L. , von zur MÜHLEN A. , HACKENBERG K. , REINWEIN D. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYIn 189 of 334 patients, who had been treated with fractionated doses of radio‐iodine for Graves' disease 7–15 years ago, the serum concentrations of triiodothyronine have been estimated in addition to the following parameters: Protein bound 127iodine (PB127I), free thyroxine index, cholesterol‐ and TSH‐level in serum, tendon reflex time and clinical index according to Billewitz et al. (1969). In forty‐one of the 189 sera the free T4 (AFT4) and free T3 (AFT3) concentrations were measured as well. The following hormonal and clinical patterns were observed:

Euthyroidism, with all parameters within the normal range in 148 patients (= 78.4%).
Hypothyroidism with low serum T3, PBI, AFT4, AFT3 and elevated TSH in six subjects (= 3.2%).
Persistent hyperthyroidism with increased thyroid hormone concentrations and low TSH in seven cases (= 3.7%).
In twenty‐eight clinically euthyroid patients (= 14.8%) TSH was elevated with normal PBI and AFT4. Twenty of these subjects had a low normal T3 and in nine the T3 was clearly in the hypothyroid range (40 ± 12 μg/dl).
The constellation of normal T3, low T4 and elevated TSH, which has been frequently found after radioiodine therapy, has been seen in only moderate form in ten cases.
THE INACTIVATION OF THYROTROPHIN RELEASING HORMONE BY PLASMA IN THYROID DISEASE
Authors: JEFFCOATE S. L. , WHITE NICKI 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe inactivation of immunoreactive TRH in vitro by human plasma has been investigated. In a preliminary study, 2.5 ng TRH was destroyed by 50 μl plasma at a mean rate of 1.7%/min in eight subjects. The per cent inactivation of the same amount of TRH at three plasma dose levels was measured after 60 min in seventy unselected patients attending a thyroid clinic. There was no significant difference in the results obtained in those subsequently shown to be euthyroid (forty‐three patients), hyperthyroid (eighteen patients) or hypothyroid (nine subjects).
CONCENTRATION OF OESTRONE AND OESTRADIOL IN FOLLICULAR FLUID AND OVARIAN VENOUS BLOOD OF WOMEN
Authors: BAIRD DAVID T. , FRASER IAN S. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe concentrations of oestrone and oestradiol as measured by a double isotope derivative method in fluid from Graafian follicles at different phases of the menstrual cycle were compared to the corresponding concentrations in ovarian and peripheral venous plasma collected simultaneously. In follicular fluid the concentration of oestradiol was much greater than that of oestrone. The concentrations of oestrogens were similar in fluid collected from small follicles at all phases of the cycle. The concentration of oestradiol in large follicles (>1 cm diameter) was much higher in the mid‐late follicular phase of the cycle (mean = 5390 ± 1330 nmol/1) than in large or small follicles at other phases of the cycle. In the mid‐late follicular phase of the cycle large follicles were invariably associated with high concentrations of oestradiol in venous plasma draining the corresponding ovary (mean 49 ± 12 nmol/1). The mean ratio of oestradiol/oestrone in fluid from large follicles in which the concentration of oestradiol was greater than 1400 nmol/1 (18.0 ± 1.0, n= 10) was significantly higher than the ratio in corresponding samples of ovarian venous plasma (10.7 ± 1.4, n= 11). These findings suggest that when the concentration of oestradiol in a Graafian follicle exceeds 3500 nmol/l it is likely to be functionally active.
SEX HORMONE LEVELS AND GONADOTROPHIN RELEASE IN THE POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME
Authors: DUIGNAN N. M. , SHAW R. W. , RUDD B. T. , HOLDER G. , WILLIAMS J. W. , BUTT W. R. , LOGAN‐EDWARDS R. , LONDON D. R. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe response to synthetic luteinizing hormone‐releasing hormone was studied in eighteen patients with the polycystic ovary syndrome. The release of follicle‐stimulating hormone was similar to that found in normal women. The mean response of luteinizing hormone was similar to that found in the luteal phase, but significantly greater (P<0.02) than that found in the early follicular phase of the normal menstrual cycle. Basal serum levels of FSH and LH, estimated in twenty‐five patients, were similar to those found in normal subjects. The sex hormone binding globulin capacity was reduced in twenty‐four of them. Basal serum testosterone levels were elevated in twelve of twenty‐two patients and the mean level was significantly greater (P<0.01) than the mean level of normal women. Basal serum androstenedione levels were elevated in nine of twenty‐two patients and the mean level was also significantly greater (P<0.02) than normal. There was a highly significant negative correlation (r=−0.86; P<0.001) between basal testosterone and LH levels. These data suggest that the pituitary gland of patients with the polycystic ovary syndrome contains adequate amounts of LH but that the ovulatory surge of LH which occurs in normal women is inhibited by testosterone acting on either the pituitary or, more probably, on the hypothalamus.
STEROIDOGENESIS IN A VIRILIZING OVARIAN TUMOUR
Authors: MASCHLER I. , WEIDENFELD J. , FLEISCHER B. , EHRENFELD E. N. , FINKELSTEIN M. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYA metabolic study with tissue from a virilizing arrhenoblastoma, using as precursors [7‐3H]pregnenolone, [7‐3H]17α‐hydroxypregnenolone, [4‐14C]17α‐hydroxy‐progesterone and [4‐14C]testosterone, revealed that in spite of a deficient activity of 3β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase‐5‐isomerase the overall production of test‐osterone was compensated by an increased activity of a lyase converting[4‐14C]17α‐hydroxyprogesterone to testosterone (via androstenedione) and was comparable to the production obtained by normal ovarian tissue. The masculinizing effects of the tumour in vivo were most probably caused by accumulation of testosterone due to deficiencies in enzymes catabolizing testosterone to 17‐ketosteroids and its aromatization to oestrogen. The unique property of the arrhenoblastoma to convert [4‐14C]17α‐hydroxyprogesterone to [4‐14C]11‐deoxycortisol (Reichstein's compound S) suggests an adrenal origin of the tumour which may explain its limited capacity to aromatize testosterone.
THYROTROPHIN AND PROLACTIN RESPONSIVENESS TO THYROTROPHIN RELEASING HORMONE IN CUSHING'S DISEASE
Authors: KUKU S. F. , CHILD D. F. , NADER S. , FRASER T. R. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYSerum thyrotrophin response to thyrotrophin releasing hormone was impaired in all of eight subjects with untreated Cushing's disease; while all of six similar subjects tested after adequate treatment by a pituitary implant of 198 Au then showed a normal response. In all five of the untreated patients studied, the serum prolactin response to TRH was normal. Thus chronically excessive cortisol levels as seen in Cushing's disease inhibit pituitary TSH responsiveness to TRH without affecting the prolactin response to TRHEvidently the release of TSH and of prolactin by TRH are governed by independent mechanisms.
HYPOTHALAMIC HORMONE INTERACTION IN ACROMEGALY
Authors: GOMEZ‐PAN A. , TUNBRIDGE W. M. G. , DUNS ANNE , HALL R. , BESSER G. M. , COY D. H. , SCHALLY A. V. , KASTIN A. J. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe growth hormone response to the administration of the currently available synthetic hypothalamic hormones was assessed in eleven patients with acromegaly. Eight of them showed a positive GH response to thyrotrophin releasing hormone and three showed no response. The GH response to TRH was shown to be unrelated to the thyrotrophin response to TRH. The GH response to TRH was inhibited by the administration of growth hormone release inhibiting hormone. Luteinizing hormone/follicle stimulating hormone releasing hormone (LHRH) caused a positive GH response in four patients, but this was trivial in three.The TRH mediated GH release in acromegaly is not mediated via TSH and appears to be attributable to loss of specificity of the receptor sites on the somatotroph to the hypothalamic hormones.
GONADOTROPHIN HORMONE RELEASING TESTS IN WOMEN RECEIVING HORMONAL CONTRACEPTION
Authors: PEREZ‐LOPEZ F. R. , L'HERMITE M. , ROBYN C. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYGonadotrophin secretion by the pituitary was tested by i.v. injections of synthetic LH and FSH releasing hormone (LHRH) in five normal women between day 21 and day 25 of the luteal phase of the cycle, in twelve women receiving contraception with i.m. injection of medroxyprogesterone acetate and in eight women taking combined oral contraceptives of different varieties. Treatment with oral contraceptives led to a decrease or even to complete suppression of the response and possibly the reserve capacity of both LH and FSH secretions.Treatment with medroxyprogesterone acetate for several years lowered basal serum LH and FSH as did oral contraceptives but had much less effect on the responses to LRH.In long‐term steroid contraception, progestogens alone seem to exert much less deleterious effect on gonadotrophin function than when used in combination with an oestrogen.
SYSTOLIC TIME INTERVALS IN THYROID DISEASE
Authors: HILLIS W. S. , BREMNER W. F. , LAWRIE T. D. V. , THOMSON J. A. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe systolic time intervals; total electro‐mechanical systole (QS2), left ventricular ejection time (LVET), pre‐ejection period (PEP), and ratio of PEP/LVET were measured from external readings in twenty hyperthyroid and fifteen hypothyroid patients. The hyperthyroid subjects showed shortening of the PEP and reduction in the PEP/LVET. The hypothyroid group showed lengthening of the PEP, shortening of the LVET and increased PEP/LVET. These changes returned towards normal in ten patients rendered euthyroid with appropriate therapy. The value of these measurements to predict the thyroid status was examined in a mixed group of seventy‐four patients. There was close agreement between diagnosis predicted from systolic time intervals and that made independently from clinical and biochemical assessment, suggesting that the systolic time intervals may have been a useful place in the clinical assessment of thyroid patients.
IMMUNOREACTIVE ACTH AND CORTISOL PLASMA LEVELS DURING PREGNANCY. DETECTION AND PARTIAL PURIFICATION OF CORTICOTROPHIN‐LIKE PLACENTAL HORMONE: THE HUMAN CHORIONIC CORTICOTROPIN (HCC)
Authors: GENAZZANI A. R. , FRAIOLI F. , HURLIMANN J. , FIORETTI P. , FELBER J. P. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe high plasma Cortisol and ACTH levels present in pregnant women as well as the non‐parallelism of their plasma extract dilution curves in comparison with the standard curve in the ACTH radioimmunoassay, are evidence for the presence of an ACTH‐like substance during pregnancy which would interfere with the assay.Placental extracts were obtained by acid‐acetone extraction, followed by partial purification with oxycellulose and by extraction with porous glass powder. A substance was detected which partially cross‐reacted with synthetic human ACTH in the radioimmunoassay and which showed biological activity using the assay procedure described by Lipscomb & Nelson. The data sustain the existence of an ACTH‐like placental hormone: human chorionic corticotrophin (HCC).
TREATMENT OF ACROMEGALY BY TRANSSPHENOIDAL HYPOPHYSECTOMY WITH CRYOAPPLICATION
Authors: PELKONEN RISTO , GRAHNE BERTEL 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe therapeutic effect of transsphenoidal hypophysectomy with cryoapplication has been studied in twenty‐nine patients with active acromegaly. The mean follow‐up time was 15 months (3‐54 months).A significant improvement of symptoms and signs occurred in all but three patients. The level of plasma immunoreactive growth hormone (IRGH) was reduced in all but two patients and a normal level of plasma IRGH was achieved in sixteen patients. Skin thickness, the level of serum inorganic phosphorus and the urinary excretion of hydroxyproline and calcium were significantly decreased in the great majority of the patients.The operation was not accompanied by any visual complications, but cerebrospinal rhinorrhoea, subsiding spontaneously, developed in two and postoperative meningitis in one patient. Hypothyroidism and adrenocortical deficiency developed in eight, gonadotrophin deficiency in thirteen, and persistent diabetes insipidus in one patient.It is concluded that transsphenoidal hypophysectomy with cryoapplication is a safe and effective method for the treatment of acromegalic patients.
HYPOGONADISM AND PARATHYROID ADENOMA IN CONGENITAL POIKILODERMA (ROTHMUND‐THOMSON SYNDROME)
Authors: WERDER E. A. , MÜRSET G. , ILLIG R. , PRADER A. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYIn two adult patients with congenital poikiloderma (Rothmund‐Thomson syndrome) the following endocrine abnormalities were found: Patient 1, female, with short stature had primary amenorrhoea and did not develop secondary sexual characteristics. Despite lacking an oestrogen effect on the vaginal smear and the low urinary oestrogen excretion, basal LH and FSH and their response to LH‐RH were normal. At age 36 a parathyroid adenoma was diagnosed because of increased immunoreactive plasma parathyroid hormone and persistent hypercalcaemia. After removal of the tumour the patient remained normocalcaemic. The result of growth hormone response to insulin in the intermediate range was suggestive of partial deficiency. In patient 2, male, hypergonadotropic hypogonadism with small testes and high basal LH and FSH levels as well as increased LH and FSH response to LH‐RH were found. Plasma testosterone was normal. Endocrine abnormalities in previously published cases are summarized.
FUNCTIONAL HYPOPARATHYROIDISM AND PARATHYROID HORMONE END‐ORGAN RESISTANCE IN HUMAN MAGNESIUM DEFICIENCY
Authors: RUDE ROBERT K. , OLDHAM SUSAN B. , SINGER FREDERICK R. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYHypocalcaemia is a well‐recognized manifestation of magnesium deficiency. We have studied seventeen patients with this syndrome in an attempt to determine the pathogenesis of the hypocalcaemia. Mean initial serum calcium concentration was 5.6 mg/dl and mean initial serum magnesium concentration was 0.75 mg/dl. Serum immunoreactive parathyroid hormone (IPTH) was measured in sixteen patients in the untreated state. Despite severe hypocalcaemia, serum IPTH was either undetectable (<150 pg/ml) or normal (<550 pg/ml) in all but two patients. Serial measurments made during the initial 4 days of magnesium therapy in four patients showed an increase in serum IPTH within 24 h, but a delayed increase in serum calcium, which required approximately 4 days to reach normal values. The effect of the rapid normalization of serum magnesium on serum IPTH and serum calcium concentration was studied in three patients. Within 1 min after 144‐300 mg of elemental magnesium was administered i.v., serum IPTH had risen from undetectable to 3600 pg/ml and 1725 pg/ml in two patients and from 425 pg/ml to 937 pg/ml in the third. Serum calcium concentrations were unchanged after 30‐60 min. These data provide evidence for impaired parathyroid gland function in most of the magnesium deficient patients. The rapidity with which serum IPTH rose in response to magnesium therapy indicates that this may reflect a defect in parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion rather than its biosynthesis. The failure of serum calcium concentration to increase during the initial days of magnesium repletion, at a time when serum IPTH concentrations were normal or elevated, suggests end‐organ resistance to PTH in these patients.The renal response to PTH was examined in two magnesium deficient patients by measurement of urinary cyclic AMP excretion following administration of parathyroid extract. In both patients there was a minimal increase in urinary cyclic AMP concentrations. In contrast, when the hepatic response to glucagon was tested on the
QUANTITATION OF THE ACCELERATING EFFECT OF METYRAPONE ON CORTISOL METABOLISM
Authors: BLICHERT‐TOFT MOGENS , KEHLET HENRIK 
Published: March 2008

SummaryQuantitation of the accelerating effect of metyrapone on cortisol metabolism has been made by determination of the metabolic clearance rate (MCR) of exogenous cortisol during a metyrapone load. Six adrenalectomized patients were studied. The slope of cortisol concentrations in plasma was determined after intravenous administration of 0.3 mg cortisol/kg b. w. with or without metyrapone 17.5 mg/kg b. w./h. In all six patients studied, the MCR of cortisol increased during metyrapone load from an average of 12.3 ± 5.0 (SD) 1/h to 29.6 ± 15.7 (SD) 1/h or corrected for body weight 3.0 ± 1.1 (SD) ml/kg b.w./min to 7.1 ± 2.5 (SD) ml/kg b.w./minThe discrepancy discovered in clinical practice between the relatively small rise in plasma total corticosteroid concentration and the greater increase in urinary excretion of corticosteroid metabolites during the metyrapone test may be explained by the findings in this study.
NYCTOHEMERAL VARIATION AND SUPPRESSIBILITY OF PLASMA ACTH IN VARIOUS STAGES OF CUSHING'S DISEASE
Authors: COOK DAVID M. , KENDALL JOHN W. , ALLEN JOHN P. , LAGERQUIST LYNN G. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYIn order to define nyctohemeral plasma ACTH secretory patterns, frequent plasma ACTH samples were obtained in seven patients with untreated Cushing's disease (i.e. pituitary‐dependent Cushing's syndrome), five Cushing's patients treated by bilateral adrenalectomy, four of whom had Nelson's syndrome, and one patient with 21‐hydroxylase deficiency (congenital adrenal hyperplasia). A nyctohemeral rhythm of plasma ACTH concentration was apparent in the one patient with the adrenogenital syndrome but not in those with Nelson's syndrome or Cushing's disease.The effect of graded doses of dexamethasone, 2, 8 or 32 mg per 24 h period, on plasma ACTH concentrations was studied in patients with untreated or treated Cushing's disease or Nelson's syndrome. In all of these hypercorticotrophic states, the mean plasma ACTH concentration was not significantly affected by the smallest dose of dexamethasone, was partially suppressed by the intermediate dose, and further suppressed by the largest dose. In contrast, the patient with congenital adrenal hyperplasia and elevated plasma ACTH concentrations showed complete suppression of plasma ACTH levels following the smallest dose of dexamethasone. These findings indicate that there is resistance to ACTH suppression by dexamethasone in all stages of Cushing's disease and suggest that negative feedback of glucocorticoids may be involved in the pathogenesis of this disease.
EFFECT OF THYROXINE ON THE INACTIVATION OF THYROTROPHIN‐RELEASING HORMONE BY RAT AND HUMAN PLASMA
Authors: DUPONT ANDRE , LABRIE FERNAND , LEVASSEUR LISE , DUSSAULT JEAN‐H. , SCHALLY ANDREW V. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe inactivation of synthetic [3H]thyrotrophin‐releasing hormone (TRH) by plasma was studied in rats treated with propylthiouracil (PTU) alone or with PTU and thyroxine. 48 h after the onset of treatment with thyroxine, the capacity of rat plasma to inactivate [3H]TRH was significantly increased. The percentage of deamidation of TRH to TRH‐free acid was increased 2‐fold after 4 days of administration of thyroid hormone. The inactivation of TRH by plasma from hypothyroid patients was compared to that obtained from hyperthyroid patients. Extraction of human plasma incubated with [3H]TRH, followed by thin‐layer electrophoresis, showed that transformation of [3H]TRH into TRH‐free acid was 44% higher in plasma from hyperthyroid than from hypothyroid patients (P < 0.05). These data suggest that the inactivation process of TRH by blood proteins could be an important factor in the regulation of the hypothalamo‐hypophyseal‐thyroid axis in rat and man.
CHANGES IN THE PITUITARY‐TESTICULAR SYSTEM WITH AGE
Authors: BAKER H. W. G. , BURGER H. G. , de KRETSER D. M. , HUDSON B. , O'CONNOR S. , WANG C. , MIROVICS A. , COURT J. , DUNLOP M. , RENNIE G. C. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYIn order to provide a comprehensive account of pituitary‐testicular function in man, 466 subjects, ranging in age from 2 to 101 years, were studied to examine blood levels of the pituitary gonadotrophins (LH and FSH), the sex steroids testosterone and oestradiol, the binding capacity of the sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), the free testosterone and oestradiol fractions, and the transfer constant for the peripheral conversion of testosterone to oestradiol. The results were compared with clinical indices of testicular size, sexual function and secondary sex hair distribution. Serum LH and FSH were low before puberty, increased in pubertal adolescents to levels somewhat above those of adults and subsequently increased progressively over the age of 40 years. Testosterone levels fell slowly after the age of 40, while there was a slight rise in plasma oestradiol with increasing age. FSH and testosterone showed small seasonal variations in young adult men, the lowest values being seen in winter. SHBG binding capacity was high in two prepubertal boys, fell in adult men, but increased in old age. Free testosterone and oestradiol levels fell in old age. The metabolic clearance rates (MCR) of testosterone and oestradiol also fell in old age, while the conversion of testosterone to oestradiol was increased. Many correlations were observed between various hormonal and clinical measurements. The evidence is consistent with a primary decrease in testicular function over the age of 40 years.
EFFECT OF OESTRADIOL ON GONADOTROPHIN RELEASE INDUCED BY LHRH IN MEN
Authors: D'AGATA R. , GULIZIA S. , ANDÓ S. , VITALE G. , POLOSA P. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYIn order to study the role of the oestradiol on the feed‐back mechanism, fourteen men were subjected to LHRH test before and after treatment with oestradiol. The oestrogen was administered i.m., 3 μg/kg/24 h and 150 μg/kg/24 h, in two groups of patients. Doses of 3 and 150 μg respectively produced a reduction of LH release of 74% and 60% below control. FSH response to LHRH was almost abolished by oestrogens. Our findings show that oestrogensin men decrease the pituitary response to LHRH.