bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fatty tissue within the maxillary sinus: a rare finding.
Authors: Stręk Paweł , Zagólski Olaf , Składzień Jacek 
Published: September 2006

Abstract

Background
We report a rare case of fatty tissue within the maxillary sinus in a 21-years-old woman, with a history of several previous punctures of the maxillary sinus.

Case presentation
Clinical data of the patient was analysed retrospectively. The patient presented with symptoms of left-sided chronic maxillary sinusitis and had undergone several punctures of the left maxillary sinus 18 months earlier. Subsequent to one of the procedures an acute pain in the left orbit lasting a couple of days was noted. Left endoscopic transnasal antrotomy was performed. The maxillary sinus was filled with polypous, chronically inflamed mucous membrane. Upon its removal, the maxillary roof was identified as drawn downwards and covered with normal mucous membrane. Upon dissection of the membrane, adipose tissue filling the zygomatic recess of the sinus was identified and subsequently removed. The maxillary roof was unchanged. Histopatologic examination confirmed the material to be adipose tissue. No short or long term sequelae occurred.

Conclusion
Adipose tissue can be found in the maxillary sinus most commonly when penetrating from surrounding locations. It is our hypothesis that in the reported patient it penetrated from the orbit to the maxillary sinus following puncture. It seems that a hole in the maxillary sinus roof, about 1 mm in diameter, caused by the needle, may have been a portal of entry for the adipose tissue into the maxillary sinus. The discussed case suggests particular care be taken in performing puncture of the maxillary sinus.
An ethnobotanical survey of wild edible plants of Paphos and Larnaca countryside of Cyprus
Authors: Della Athena , Paraskeva-Hadjichambi Demetra , Hadjichambis Andreas Ch 
Published: September 2006

Abstract
An ethnobotanical survey of wild edible plants of Cyprus was carried out in two sites. Paphos vine zone and Larnaca mixed farming zone. These are among the areas in Cyprus whose inhabitants subsisted primarily on pastoralism and agriculture and therefore still preserve the traditional knowledge on wild edible plants.
The information was collected for three-year period, in the framework of the EU-funded RUBIA Project. Four hundred and thirteen interviews have been administered to 89 informants of various ages and background categories in 29 villages of Paphos site, and 8 in Larnaca site. A total of 78 species were recorded. Ethnographic data related to vernacular names, traditional tools and recipes have also been recorded. A comparison of the data collected from the two sites is undertaken. During this ethnobotanical research it was verified that wild edibles play an important role in Cyprus in rural people, however, it was realized that the transmission of folk uses of plants decreased in the last generations. The research of ethnobotany should be extended to other areas of Cyprus in order not only to preserve the traditional knowledge related to plants but to make it available to future generations as well.
In planta transient expression as a system for genetic and biochemical analyses of chlorophyll biosynthesis
Authors: Sawers Ruairidh JH , Farmer Phyllis R , Moffett Peter , Brutnell Thomas P 
Published: September 2006

Abstract

Background
Mg chelatase is a multi-subunit enzyme that catalyses the first committed step of chlorophyll biosynthesis. Studies in higher plants and algae indicate that the Mg chelatase reaction product, Mg-protoporphyrin IX plays an essential role in nuclear-plastid interactions. A number of Mg chelatase mutants have been isolated from higher plants, including semi-dominant alleles of ChlI, the gene encoding the I subunit of the enzyme. To investigate the function of higher plant CHLI, bacterial orthologues have been engineered to carry analogous amino acid substitutions to the higher plant mutations and the phenotypes examined through in vitro characterization of heterologously produced proteins. Here, we demonstrate the utility of a transient expression system in Nicotiana benthamiana for rapidly assaying mutant variants of the maize CHLI protein in vivo.

Results
Transient expression of mutant maize ChlI alleles in N. benthamiana resulted in the formation of chlorotic lesions within 4 d of inoculation. Immunoblot analyses confirmed the accumulation of maize CHLI protein suggesting that the chlorosis observed resulted from an interaction between maize CHLI and endogenous components of the N. benthamiana chlorophyll biosynthetic pathway. On the basis of this assay, PCR-based cloning techniques were used to rapidly recombine polymorphisms present in the alleles studied allowing confirmation of causative lesions. A PCR-based mutagenesis was conducted and clones assayed by transient expression. A number of novel allelic variants of maize ZmChlI were generated and analyzed using this assay, demonstrating the utility of this technique for fine mapping.

Conclusion
Transient expression provides a convenient, high-throughput, qualitative assay for functional variation in the CHLI protein. Furthermore, we suggest that the approach used here would be applicable to the analysis of other plastid-localized proteins where gain-of-function mutations will result in readily observable mutant phenotypes.
Automatic layout and visualization of biclusters
Authors: Grothaus Gregory A , Mufti Adeel , Murali TM 
Published: September 2006

Abstract

Background
Biclustering has emerged as a powerful algorithmic tool for analyzing measurements of gene expression. A number of different methods have emerged for computing biclusters in gene expression data. Many of these algorithms may output a very large number of biclusters with varying degrees of overlap. There are no systematic methods that create a two-dimensional layout of the computed biclusters and display overlaps between them.

Results
We develop a novel algorithm for laying out biclusters in a two-dimensional matrix whose rows (respectively, columns) are rows (respectively, columns) of the original dataset. We display each bicluster as a contiguous submatrix in the layout. We allow the layout to have repeated rows and/or columns from the original matrix as required, but we seek a layout of the smallest size. We also develop a web-based search interface for the user to query the genes and samples of interest and visualise the layout of biclusters matching the queries.

Conclusion
We demonstrate the usefulness of our approach on gene expression data for two types of leukaemia and on protein-DNA binding data for two growth conditions in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The software implementing the layout algorithm is available at http://bioinformatics.cs.vt.edu/~murali/papers/bivoc.
Growing PET positive nodule in a patient with histoplasmosis: case report
Authors: Salhab Khaled F , Baram Daniel , Bilfinger Thomas V 
Published: September 2006

AbstractBackgroundPulmonary histoplasmosis is a mycotic infection that often resembles pulmonary malignancy and continues to complicate the evaluation of pulmonary nodules.Case presentationWe report a case of an immunocompetent patient who, despite adequate treatment for known histoplasmosis lung infection, presented with radiological and F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) findings mimicking primary lung malignancy which eventually required surgical resection.ConclusionHistoplasmosis infection may radiologically resemble pulmonary malignancy, often causing a diagnostic dilemma. PET imaging is currently used for and considered accurate in the evaluation of pulmonary nodules. However, overlap in PET standardized uptake value (SUV) between granulomatous and malignant lesions decreases the accuracy of PET as a diagnostic modality. Future advances in PET imaging are needed to improve its accuracy in the evaluation of pulmonary nodules in areas where histoplasmosis is endemic.
The disconnect between animal models of sepsis and human sepsis
Authors: Rittirsch Daniel , Hoesel L Marco , Ward Peter A 
Published: October 2006

AbstractFrequently used experimental models of sepsis include cecal ligation and puncture, ascending colon stent peritonitis, and the i.p. or i.v. injection of bacteria or bacterial products (such as LPS). Many of these models mimic the pathophysiology of human sepsis. However, identification of mediators in animals, the blockade of which has been protective, has not translated into clinical efficacy in septic humans. We describe the shortcomings of the animal models and reasons why effective therapy for human sepsis cannot be derived readily from promising findings in animal sepsis.
Synthesis of Various Types of Nano Carbons Using the Template Technique
Authors: Kyotani Takashi 
Published: September 2006

Abstract
Using uniform nanochannels of an aluminum anodic oxide film as a template, uniform and unique multiwalled carbon nanotubes can be synthesized with a selectivity of 100%. This technique allows one to precisely control the diameters and the length of nanotubes. Moreover, it is possible to chemically modify only the inner surface of carbon nanotubes and to prepare carbon nanotubes with a double coaxial structure of heteroatom-doped multiwalls. The test tube like carbon prepared by this technique was found to be dispersible in water without any post treatment. In addition to this one-dimensional approach, unique microporous carbon can be prepared by the template technique using zeolite Y. The resulting microporous carbons are characterized by their regular ordering, originating from the regularity of the parent zeolite. When the synthesis conditions were optimized, the specific surface area and the micropore volume of the zeolite-templated carbon reach more than 4000 m2 g−1 and 1.8 cm3 g−1, respectively. This review introduces such a template-mediated approach and highlights how useful and versatile the template technique is for the production of nano carbons.
Photoinduced Electron Transfer of Dialkynyldisilane-Linked Zinc Porphyrin–[60]Fullerene Dyad
Authors: Tsuji Hayato , Sasaki Mikio , Shibano Yuki , Toganoh Motoki , Kataoka Takeshi , Araki Yasuyuki , Tamao Kohei , Ito Osamu 
Published: September 2006

Abstract
A zinc porphyrin–fullerene dyad with a disilane as a σ-conjugated linker has been newly synthesized to evaluate the electron transfer ability of the oligosilane chain. Its photoinduced processes have been studied using the time-resolved fluorescence and absorption measurements. Photoexcitation of the dyad causes the energy and/or electron transfer from the excited singlet state of the ZnP to C60 moiety in polar solvents. The charge separation takes place as a final step in the excited-state process to yield the radical-ion pair with a radical cation on the zinc porphyrin and a radical anion on the fullerene, similar to other porphyrin–fullerene dyads. Its lifetime has been estimated to be 0.43–0.52 μs on the basis of the decay rate of the fullerene radical anion in polar solvents.
The Effects of Chloride Salts of Some Cations on the Molecular Organization of H2O. Towards Understanding the Hofmeister Series. II
Authors: Koga Yoshikata , Katayanagi Hideki , Davies James V , Kato Hitoshi , Nishikawa Keiko , Westh Peter 
Published: September 2006

Abstract
We use the thermodynamic behaviour of 1-propanol (1P) as a probe in ternary 1P–salt–H2O systems to elucidate the effect of a salt on the molecular organization of H2O. For salts, we have chosen CaCl2, NH4Cl, and (CH3)4NCl (TMAC). Having fixed the counter anion at Cl−, we compare here mainly the effects of chosen cations on H2O. Together with an earlier study on NaCl, we found that Ca2+, Na+, and NH4+ are hydrated by a number of H2O molecules and leave the bulk H2O away from the hydration shell unperturbed. The hydration numbers were found to be 6.4 ± 1.6, and 1.2 ± 0.4, for Ca2+ and NH4+, respectively with the hydration number 5.2 for Na+, the result of a simulation study, chosen as a reference. Thus, a salting out (also referred to as structure making, stabilizing, or kosmotropic) tendency would decrease in the order; Ca2+ &gt; Na+ &gt; NH4+. TMA+, on the other hand, showed a more hydrophilic characteristics than the probing 1P. Thus, TMA+ is rather chaotropic (salting in, structure breaking or destabilizing) within this methodology.
Further Study on the Micellization of a Symmetric Amphiphile Using the Monte Carlo Technique
Authors: Gharibi Hussein , Behjatmanesh-Ardakani Reza , Hashemianzadeh Seyed Majid , Sohrabi Beheshteh , Javadian Soheila 
Published: September 2006

Abstract
We use a modified version of Larson’s model to investigate the behaviors of amphiphile molecules in different states of interaction parameters. The regular excluded volume and periodic boundary conditions are used to mimic a box of simulation as a bulk of solution. Several thermodynamic parameters are studied by lattice Monte Carlo simulation, including polydispersity, premicellar phenomena, critical micelle concentration, aggregation number, and cluster shape. For higher interaction parameters aggregation starts at lower concentration, i.e. critical micelle concentration is reduced. Behaviors are linear. With linearizing matrix of gyration, it is shown that at higher interactions micelles tends to reduce their contacts with water, so they take the shape of a sphere. In all of the cases, cluster size distribution has only one peak. Polydispersity behavior indicates that it is possible to determine critical micelle concentration from the polydispersity curve. Configurational bias and reptation moves are used with equal probability to relax the amphiphilic systems. To investigate meta-stability in the thermodynamic parameters two different initial conditions are used.
Hydration Structure around the Carbonyl Group of an Urea Molecule in Concentrated Aqueous Solutions Studied by Neutron Diffraction with 12C/13C Isotopic Substitution
Authors: Kameda Yasuo , Sasaki Motoya , Hino Shuji , Amo Yuko , Usuki Takeshi 
Published: September 2006

Abstract
Neutron diffraction measurements were carried out at 25 °C on aqueous 15 mol % urea heavy water solutions, [(ND2)2*C=O]0.15(D2O)0.85, in which the 12C/13C isotopic composition of the carbonyl-carbon atom was changed. The hydration structure around the carbonyl-carbon atom was derived from the least-squares fitting analysis of the observed first-order difference function, ΔC(Q). From the analysis, 4.3(3) water molecules are hydrogen-bonded to the carbonyl-oxygen atom with the intermolecular C···DW1 (DW1: water deuterium atom) distance of 2.46(3) Å. The average angle, ∠C···DW1–OW (OW: water oxygen atom), was determined to be 124(5)°.
Magnetic Properties of 1:4 Complexes of CoIIX2 (X = NCO−, NCS−, and Br−) with 4-(N-tert-Butylaminoxyl)pyridine. Antiferromagnets in Crystalline States and Single-Molecule Magnets in Frozen Solutions
Authors: Kanegawa Shinji , Karasawa Satoru , Nakano Motohiro , Koga Noboru 
Published: September 2006

Abstract
Three cobalt(II) complexes, [Co(X)2(4NOpy)4] (X = NCO−, NCS−, and Br−; 4NOpy = 4-(N-tert-butylaminoxyl)pyridine) were prepared, and their molecular structures were characterized by X-ray structure analysis. The molecular geometry of [Co(X)2(4NOpy)4] (X = NCO− and NCS−) is a compressed octahedron, in which the counter ions occupy the apical positions with short bond distances of 2.064–2.098 Å. In the crystalline state, from plots of χmol vs T and χ′mol vs T, [Co(NCO)2(4NOpy)4] and [Co(NCS)2(4NOpy)4] are antiferromagnets with TN = 4.5 and 15 K, respectively. In frozen solution, on the other hand, both complexes and [Co(Br)2(4NOpy)4] functioned as single-molecule magnets. The χ″mol vs T plot for [Co(Br)2(4NOpy)4] gave a effective activation barrier (Ueff) of 20 K for the reorientation of the spin. From the field dependence of magnetization at various temperatures below 5 K for [Co(X)2(4NOpy)4] (X = NCO−, NCS−, and Br−) the values of the zero-field splitting parameters, D/kB, were estimated to be −14, −9.7, and −4.5 K with S = 5/2, respectively. Theoretical studies based on the ligand-field theory model for [Co(NCO)2(4NOpy)4] gave an exchange coupling parameter, J/kB, of 29 K and a thermodynamic activation barrier, U, of 60 K.
Structural and Spectral Features of Complex Salts Composed of [Ni(dmit)2]− and Four- or Six-Coordination Nickel(II) Complexes of Alkyl-Substituted Cyclam
Authors: Soneta Yuji , Miyamura Kazuo 
Published: September 2006

Abstract
Slow inter-diffusion of (NBu4)[Ni(dmit)2] (dmit = 2-thioxo-1,3-dithiole-4,5-dithiolato) and a metal complexes ligated with alkyl-substituted cyclam, [Ni(NMe2-dcyclam)](ClO4)2 (I), [Ni(NMe2-ax-dcyclam)](ClO4)2 (II), and [Ni(NMe4-dcyclam)]Cl2 (III), (NMe2-dcyclam = (1RS,4RS,5RS,8SR,11SR,12SR)-1,5,8,12-tetramethyl-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane, NMe2-ax-dcyclam = (1RS,4RS,5SR,8SR,11SR,12RS)-1,5,8,12–tetramethyl-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane, NMe4-dcyclam = (1RS,4RS,5RS,8SR,11SR,12SR)-1,4,5,8,11,12-hexamethyl-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane), yielded black crystals of [Ni(NMe2-dcyclam)(CH3CN)2][Ni(dmit)2]2 (1), [Ni(NMe2-ax-dcyclam)][Ni(dmit)2]2 (2), and [Ni(NMe4-dcyclam)][Ni(dmit)2]2 (3), respectively. In these complex salts, the cationic complex I adopted an octahedral six-coordination geometry with two molecules of acetonitrile occupying the trans coordination sites (structure A), while those of complexes II and III adopted a square-planar four-coordination geometry (structure B). The Ni–Ni distances between cation and anion in structure B were shorter than those of structure A. In the IR spectra, ν(C=S) of structure B was observed 10 cm−1 higher than that of structure A, and only in compound 2, ν(C=C) was split at 1346 and 1323 cm−1. Electric conductivities of compounds 1–3 were about 10−6 S cm−1 at room temperature behaving as semiconductors.
Mixed ReVII–FeIII and ReVII–CuII Complexes Prepared by the Use of the Complex Ligand [Re(O)3(tpenH-κ3N,N″,N″′)]2+ (tpen = N,N,N′,N′-Tetrakis(2-pyridylmethyl)ethylenediamine)
Authors: Tabeya Toshihiro , Abe Masaaki , Sasaki Yoichi 
Published: September 2006

Abstract
Reactions of a ReVII complex [ReVII(O)3(tpenH-κ3N,N″,N″′)](ClO4)2 ([1](ClO4)2) (tpen = N,N,N′,N′-tetrakis(2-pyridylmethyl)ethylenediamine) that has a free bis(2-pyridylmethyl)amino group with FeIII and CuII (or CuI) complexes in solution afforded three new mixed-metal complexes. From X-ray structural analyses, the counter anions (EO4−) of the isolated complexes are a mixture of ReO4− and the original ClO4−. The former was most likely produced by the decomposition of [1]2+ during reaction. The tetranuclear ReVII–FeIII complex [{ReVII(O)3(μ-tpen-κ3N,N″,N″′:κ3N′,N″″,N″″′)}2FeIII2(μ-O)(μ-CH3COO)2]4+ ([2]4+) has an oxodi(acetato)-bridged diiron(III) unit with two [ReVII(O)3(tpen-κ3N,N″,N″′)]+ groups coordinated to each iron(III) ion. Structures of the dinuclear ReVII–CuII complexes depend on the reactants. The reactions with CuII(ClO4)2 in CH3OH/CH3CN and CuII(PPh3)2CH3CN in CH2Cl2/CH3CN afforded [ReVII(O)3(μ-tpen-κ3N,N″,N″′:κ3N′,N″″,N″″′)CuII(CH3CN)]3+ ([3]3+) and [ReVII(O)3(μ-tpen-κ3N,N″,N″′:κ3N′,N″″,N″″′)CuIICl]2+ ([4]2+), respectively. The Cu centers have an axially elongated octahedral structure with a bis(2-pyridylmethyl)amino moiety and CH3CN for [3]3+ or Cl− of solvent origin for [4]2+ coordinated in the tetragonal plane. The axial sites are occupied by two weakly coordinated EO4− ligands in [3]3+ or EO4− and bridging Cl− from a neighboring complex cation in [4]2+.
Atmospheric Acidic Pollutants at Mt. Tsukuba, Japan, Determined Using a Portable Filter Pack Sampler
Authors: Watanabe Mirai , Takamatsu Takejiro , Koshikawa Masami K , Sakamoto Kazunori , Inubushi Kazuyuki 
Published: September 2006

Abstract
We measured the concentrations of atmospheric acidic pollutants at Mt. Tsukuba using a newly developed portable filter pack sampler. The results were analyzed to characterize the distribution and origin of pollutants, and were compared with measurements from Tsukuba City and from other mountainous areas in Japan.
Investigation of a Tyrosinase-Immobilized Polyacrylamide Membrane Electrode in N,N-Dimethylacetamide
Authors: Ren Jujie , Takeda Hiroyuki , Nakamura Toshio 
Published: September 2006

Abstract
A tyrosinase-immobilized, hydrophilic polyacrylamide membrane electrode was used to investigate the enzymatic reaction of catechol derivatives in DMA and the apparent Michaelis–Menten constants, Km,app, were determined. The method can be used for both monitoring enzymatic activity and solvent effect using only a small amount of enzyme.
Photochromism of Diarylethenes on Gold and Silver Nanoparticles
Authors: Yamaguchi Hidehiro , Ikeda Masumi , Matsuda Kenji , Irie Masahiro 
Published: September 2006

Abstract
Gold and silver nanoparticles capped with photochromic diarylethene ligands were prepared and their photochromic performance was investigated. Although the quenching of cyclization reactions by the metal particles took place to some extent, the diarylethene on the nanoparticles underwent reversible photochromic reactions by irradiation with UV and visible light.
Bactericidal Effect of Silica Gel-Supported Porphyrinatophosphorus(V) Catalysts on Escherichia coli under Visible-Light Irradiation
Authors: Fueda Yoshiyuki , Suzuki Hideshige , Komiya Yasuhiro , Asakura Yuka , Shiragami Tsutomu , Matsumoto Jin , Yokoi Haruhiko , Yasuda Masahide 
Published: September 2006

Abstract
Dihydroxo- and dimethoxo(tetraphenylporphyrinato)phosphorus(V) complexes ([P(OR)2tpp]+) were immobilized on silica-gel powder affording a visible-light driven photocatalyst ([P(OR)2tpp]/SiO2; 1). Bactericidal effect of complexes 1a (R = H) and 1b (R = Me) on Escherichia coli were investigated under visible-light irradiation. In the case of complex 1a, the amount of E. coli decreased linearly versus the irradiation time, showing that the bactericidal reaction obeyed zero-order kinetics. Adsorption of bacteria on the catalyst is thought to be a key pathway by analysis according to Michaelis–Menten’s equation. Complex 1a was more effective for sterilization than complex 1b. Stabilities of the [P(OR)2tpp]+ immobilized on silica-gel beads (2) were investigated in aqueous CaCl2 and NaCl solutions. The elution of the [P(OH)2tpp]+ chromophore from complex 2a (R = H) was faster than it was from complex 2b (R = Me).
Syntheses, Crystal Structures, and Single Small Molecule Encapsulation Properties of Cavitand-Porphyrins
Authors: Nakazawa Jun , Mizuki Maki , Hagiwara Jun , Shimazaki Yuichi , Tani Fumito , Naruta Yoshinori 
Published: September 2006

Abstract
New capsule-shaped hosts “cavitand-linked porphyrin” metal complexes (Mcp: M = H2, Ni, Zn, and Pd) have been synthesized to mimic the substrate binding functions of metalloenzymes such as cytochrome P-450cam. Crystal structures of cavitand 1·MeOH·CHCl3, [Zntpp(MeOH)], [Nicp]·MeOH·2CHCl3·3H2O, [Zncp(MeOH)]·2CHCl3·3H2O, and [Pdcp]·MeOH·2CHCl3·3H2O have been determined. One methanol molecule, originating from crystallization solvent is encapsulated in each host cavity, and coordinates to Zn in Zncp but not in Ni- and Pdcp. Encapsulation of various small hydrocarbon molecules in CDCl3 solutions of Mcps have been evaluated by determining binding constants and thermodynamic parameters obtained from 1H NMR titrations. All Mcps encapsulate hydrocarbons smaller than propane under atmospheric pressure. The guest size selectivity is primarily influenced by cavity size, and partly by metal insertion. The metal ion radius does not affect guest size selectivity. Encapsulation of coordinating guest molecules (MeOH, EtOH, MeCN, and H2O) in Mcps has also been investigated. Only Zncp favors coordination of non-hydrocarbon guests such as MeOH. We concluded that accommodation of different size guests by Mcps depends upon guest sizes and coordination of functional groups depends upon both the identity of the porphyrin’s metal ion and guest sizes.