bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of microsatellite markers in mandarin orange (Citrus reticulata Blanco)
Authors: FROELICHER Y. , DAMBIER D. , BASSENE J. B. , COSTANTINO G. , LOTFY S. , DIDOUT C. , BEAUMONT V. , BROTTIER P. , RISTERUCCI A. M. , LURO F. , OLLITRAULT P. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA dinucleotide‐enriched genomic library was obtained from mandarin orange (Citrus reticulata Blanco). A subset of 101 positive clones was sequenced and primers were designed. The loci were screened for levels of variation using 26–29 wild mandarin oranges collected in Vietnam. Forty‐three loci were polymorphic with the number of alleles ranging from two to 18. The observed heterozygosity (HO) and expected heterozygosity (HE) were from 0.03 to 0.96 and from 0.03 to 0.92, respectively.
Isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci in the Guanacaste tree, Enterolobium cyclocarpum
Authors: PETERS MAUREEN B. , HAGEN CRIS , TRAPNELL DORSET W. , HAMRICK J. L. , ROCHA OSCAR , SMOUSE PETER E. , GLENN TRAVIS C. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractWe isolated nine microsatellite loci from the Guanacaste tree (Enterolobium cyclocarpum) and optimized them for future research on breeding populations of this species. Loci were screened across 53 individuals from one population and were shown to be variable with the number of alleles per locus ranging from five to 15. Polymorphic information content ranged from 0.420 to 0.900 and observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.547 to 0.906.
The possible prophylactic effect of Nigella sativa seed extract in asthmatic patients
Authors: Boskabady Mohammad Hossein , Javan H. , Sajady M. , Rakhshandeh H. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractIn previous studies, the relaxant, anticholinergic (functional antagonism) antihistaminic, effects of Nigella sativa have been demonstrated on guinea‐pig tracheal chains. In the present study, the prophylactic effect of boiled extract of N. sativa on asthmatic disease was examined. Twenty‐nine asthmatic adults were randomly divided into control group (14 patients) and study group (15 patients), and they were studied for 3 months. In the study group 15 mL/kg of 0.1 g% boiled extract and in the control group a placebo solution was administrated daily throughout the study. Asthma symptom score, asthma severity, frequency of symptoms/week and wheezing were recorded in the beginning (first visit), 45 days after treatment (second visit), and at the end of the study (third visit). Pulmonary function tests (PFTs) were also measured, and the drug regimen of the patients was evaluated at three different visits. All asthma symptoms, frequency of asthma symptoms/week, chest wheezing, and PFT values in the study group significantly improved in the second and third visits compared with the first visit (P < 0.05 to P < 0.001). In addition, further improvement of chest wheezing and severity of disease on the third visit were observed compared with the second visit in this group (P < 0.05 for both cases). In the third visit all symptoms in the study group were significantly different from those of the control group (P < 0.01 to P < 0.001). However, in the control group, there were only small improvements in some parameters in just the second visit. The usage of inhaler and oral β‐agonists, oral corticosteroid, oral theophylline and even inhaler corticosteroid in the study group decreased at the end of the study while there were no obvious changes in usage of the drugs in control subjects. The results of phase I study generally suggest a prophylactic effect of N. sativa on asthma disease and warrant further research regarding this effect.
Evaluation of two evidence‐based knowledge transfer interventions for physicians. A cluster randomized controlled factorial design trial: the CardioDAS Study
Authors: Amsallem Emmanuel , Kasparian Christelle , Cucherat Michel , Chabaud Sylvie , Haugh Margaret , Boissel Jean‐Pierre , Nony Patrice 
Published: July 2007

AbstractTo investigate the potential benefits of two modes of evidence‐based knowledge transfer (‘active’ and ‘passive’ modes) in terms of improvement of intention of prescription, knowledge, and real prescription in practice, we performed an open randomized controlled trial (CardioDAS) using a factorial design (two tested interventions: ‘active’ and ‘passive’ knowledge transfer) and a hierarchical structure (cluster of physicians for each department level). The participants were cardiologists working in French public hospitals. In the ‘passive’ transfer group, cardiologists received evidence‐based knowledge material (available on Internet) every week for a duration of 1 year. In the ‘active’ transfer group, two knowledge brokers (EA, PN) visited the participating departments (every 2 months for 1 year, 2 h per visit). The primary outcome consisted in the adjusted absolute mean variation of score (difference between post‐ and pre‐study session) of answers to simulated cases assessing the intention to prescribe. Secondary outcomes were the variation of answers to a multiple‐choice questionnaire (MCQ) assessing knowledge and of the conformity of real prescriptions to evidence‐based reference assessing the behavioral change. Twenty‐two French units (departments) of cardiology were randomized (72 participating cardiologists). In the ‘active’ transfer group, the primary outcome was more improved than that in the control (P = 0.031 at the department level, absolute mean improvement of 5 points/100). The change in knowledge transfer (MCQ) was also significant (P = 0.039 at the department level, absolute mean improvement of 6 points/100). However, no benefit was shown in terms of prescription conformity to evidence. For the ‘passive’ mode of knowledge transfer and for the three outcomes considered, no improvement was identified. CardioDAS findings confirm that ‘active’ knowledge transfer has some impact on participants’ intent to prescribe and knowledge, but no effect on behavioral outcome. ‘Passive’ transfer seems far less efficient. In addition, the size of the benefit remains small and its consequences limited in practice.
Repeated priming of attachment security influences later views of self and relationships
Authors: CARNELLEY KATHERINE B. , ROWE ANGELA C. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractResearch shows that priming attachment security results in positive relationship expectations and affect (Rowe & Carnelley, 2003). We examined whether repetitive priming of attachment security (e.g., experimentally activating cognitive representations of attachment security) would have more lasting effects on relationship‐ and self‐views. Participants provided baseline measures at Time 1. On 3 occasions (across 3 days), we primed participants with attachment security or a neutral prime (Times 2–4). Two days later (Time 5), participants completed trait‐level measures not preceded by a prime. As expected, those repeatedly primed with attachment security reported more positive relationship expectations, more positive self‐views, and less attachment anxiety at Time 5 than at Time 1; those primed with neutral primes showed no change with time. These priming effects last longer than those typically found.
Delivery in the ‘grey zone’: Collaborative approach to extremely preterm birth
Authors: KEOGH John , SINN John , HOLLEBONE Keith , BAJUK Barbara , FISCHER Wendy , LUI Kei ,   the Consensus Workshop Organising Committee
Published: July 2007

AbstractDuring the recent New South Wales and Australian Capital Territory consensus workshop on Perinatal Care at the limits of viability, recommendations were made in the areas of education, counselling and management. Critically, there was a consensus that between 23 weeks and zero days and 25 weeks and six days of gestation, it was reasonable to offer the option of non‐initiation of resuscitation and intensive care. Within this, obligation to treat increases as the gestation advances. Implications of the statement for obstetricians are discussed in this article.
A randomised comparison of hydralazine and mini‐bolus diazoxide for hypertensive emergencies in pregnancy: The PIVOT trial
Authors: HENNESSY Annemarie , THORNTON Charlene E. , MAKRIS Angela , OGLE Robert F. , HENDERSON‐SMART David J. , GILLIN Adrian G. , CHILD Andrew 
Published: July 2007

AbstractAims:  Diazoxide is one of few available agents for treatment of hypertensive emergencies in pregnancy. From previous studies, there is a question concerning safety after moderate‐dose administration caused episodes of hypotension. Rapid control of severe hypertension is necessary to reduce maternal morbidity, for example, stroke and placental abruption. This study was designed to compare the efficacy of mini‐bolus diazoxide with intravenous (i.v.) hydralazine.Design:  A randomised controlled trial.Setting:  Tertiary referral maternity hospital, Royal Prince Alfred Women and Babies, Sydney Australia.Population:  Antenatal and postnatal women with severe hypertension.Methods:  One hundred and twenty‐four hypertensive women were randomised to either i.v. hydralazine (5 mg doses) or mini‐bolus diazoxide (15 mg doses).Primary outcome measure:  Achievement of target blood pressure reduction; secondary measures included requirement for Caesarean section because of fetal deterioration as determined by non‐reassuring cardiotocograph (CTG).Results:  Reduction in systolic and diastolic blood pressure was 34 min for hydralazine and 19 min for diazoxide (P < 0.001). There were no episodes of hypotension after diazoxide and one after hydralazine (after epidural). Episodes of persistent severe hypertension were more common with hydralazine (38%) than with diazoxide (16%), P < 0.01. The Caesarean section rate for no‐reassuring CTG was no different between the two groups. Neonatal outcomes were similar.Conclusion:  Diazoxide and hydralazine are safe and effective antihypertensives, showing a controlled and comparable blood pressure reduction in women with hypertensive emergencies in pregnancy. The mini‐bolus doses of 15 mg of diazoxide did not precipitate maternal hypotension as previously described and reduces episodes of persistent severe hypertension.
Stillbirths and neonatal deaths in appropriate, small and large birthweight for gestational age fetuses
Authors: VASHEVNIK Stas , WALKER Susan , PERMEZEL Michael 
Published: July 2007

AbstractAims:  To compare the risk of stillbirth and neonatal death in small‐for‐gestational‐age (SGA), appropriate‐for‐gestational‐age (AGA) and large‐for‐gestational‐age (LGA) fetuses and neonates.Design:  Retrospective analysis of 662 043 births and outcomes recorded in the Victorian Perinatal Data Collection Unit (1992–2002).Inclusion criteria:  Births in Victoria in 1992–2002.Exclusion criteria:  Multiple pregnancy and congenital birth defects.Main outcome measures:  Births, stillbirths and neonatal deaths at each week of gestation after 23 weeks were stratified by birthweight into appropriate, small and large for gestational age. Stillbirth risk per 1000 ongoing pregnancies and neonatal death rate per 1000 live births were calculated.Results:  For the AGA group, the overall stillbirth risk was 2.88 per 1000 and neonatal death rate was 1.35 per 1000. In the LGA group, these were 2.62 and 1.83 per 1000, respectively. The slight increase in neonatal death rate among LGA fetuses was confined to those delivered after 28 weeks gestation. In the SGA group, the stillbirth risk and neonatal death rate were 15.1 and 3.99 per 1000, respectively.Conclusion:  The risk of stillbirth per week of gestational age and neonatal death rates do not differ significantly between AGA and LGA fetuses and neonates. The SGA fetus is at significantly greater risk of both stillbirth and neonatal death, particularly with advancing gestational age.
A quantitative analysis of the menopause experience of Indian women living in Sydney
Authors: HAFIZ Israt , LIU Jinzhu , EDEN John 
Published: July 2007

AbstractAims:  To examine the experience of menopause in Indian women (aged 45–65 years) in Sydney, and the relationship between sociodemographic factors and menopausal symptoms, and also to explore the cultural context.Methods:  Two hundred and three women were interviewed about their menopausal experiences in the preceding week using the 29‐item Menopause‐Specific Quality of Life questionnaire.Results:  The mean age of menopause for Indian women was found to be earlier than in other groups in the published literature, at 48.21 years. While there were higher scores for physical symptoms than for other symptoms, and there were significant differences between perimenopausal women and the others, it was found that the prevalence of classical menopausal symptoms was lower in Indian women than that found in Caucasians. However, physical and several psychological symptoms were found to be more prevalent than the usual vasomotor symptoms. Unemployed women and women with a tertiary level of education were found to experience a significantly higher score for all symptoms in our sample.Conclusions:  Lower scores of menopause symptoms indicate that Indian women have fewer complaints of symptoms and a positive attitude towards menopause. Somatic symptoms are multifactorial in nature and could be because of health problems associated with ageing, midlife crises and cultural influences. Further detailed studies could examine the important relationship between cultural lifestyle factors and climacteric symptoms.
Randomised comparative trial of thermal balloon ablation and levonorgestrel intrauterine system in patients with idiopathic menorrhagia
Authors: SHAW Robert W. , SYMONDS Ian M. , TAMIZIAN Onnig , CHAPLAIN Julie , MUKHOPADHYAY Sambit 
Published: July 2007

AbstractAims:  To compare the effectiveness of thermal balloon ablation (TBA) and levonorgestrel intrauterine system (LNG‐IUS) in the management of idiopathic menorrhagia and changes in pictorial blood loss assessment chart (PBAC) scores in patients who had failed on oral medical treatment.Methods:  Phase III, single‐centre, open randomised controlled trial. Following full screening and evaluation of 104 women, 33 were randomised to TBA and 33 to LNG‐IUS. Primary outcomes were changes in PBAC scores from baseline to 12 months. Secondary outcomes were changes in haemoglobin and serum ferritin, at six months, continuation with treatment and hysterectomy rates at two years and changes in PBAC scores at three, six and nine months.Results:  All patients randomised had a PBAC score of ≥ 120. At all assessment times, median PBAC scores were less than baseline, the greatest reductions being seen at 12 months for both treatments. When the median PBAC for the LNG‐IUS (26 (0–68)) was significantly different to the median PBAC for the TBA cohort (62 (0–142)) P < 0.001. Irregular bleeding problems were the most common reason for discontinuation of the LNG‐IUS and resulted in more women (39.8%) seeking other treatment by two years than the TBA (23.1%) (P < 0.05) and more undergoing a hysterectomy (20.7% vs 13.3%, respectively) (p > 0.05). Patient acceptability of the LNG‐IUS and TBA was similar at 12 and 24 months in terms of their perceived satisfaction of effect on menorrhagia.Conclusions:  Both TBA and LNG‐IUS achieved significant decreases in PBAC scores, with those for the LNG‐IUS being significantly greater at 12 months. However, prolonged days of bleeding resulted in fewer women continuing with the LNG‐IUS at two years.
GENETIC STRUCTURE IN POPULATIONS OF FUCUS VESICULOSUS (PHAEOPHYCEAE) OVER SPATIAL SCALES FROM 10 M TO 800 KM1
Authors: Tatarenkov Andrey , Jönsson Rita B. , Kautsky Lena , Johannesson Kerstin 
Published: July 2007

Recent studies showing consequences of species’ genetic diversity on ecosystem performance raise the concern of how key ecosystem species are genetically structured. The bladder wrack Fucus vesiculosus L. is a dominant species of macroalga in the northern Atlantic, and it is particularly important as a habitat‐forming species in the Baltic Sea. We examined the genetic structure of populations of F. vesiculosus with a hierarchical approach from a within‐shore scale (10 m) to a between‐seas scale (Baltic Sea–Skagerrak, 800 km). Analysis of five microsatellite loci showed that population differentiation was generally strong (average FST = 12%), being significant at all spatial scales investigated (101, 103, 104–5, 106 m). Genetic differentiation between seas (Baltic Sea and Skagerrak) was substantial. Nevertheless, the effects of isolation by distance were stronger within seas than between seas. Notably, Baltic summer‐reproducing populations showed a strong within‐sea, between‐area (70 km) genetic structure, while Baltic autumn‐reproducing populations and Skagerrak summer‐reproducing populations revealed most genetic diversity between samples within areas (<1 km). Despite such differences in overall structure, Baltic populations of summer‐ and autumn‐reproducing morphs did not separate in a cluster analysis, indicating minor, if any, barriers to gene flow between them. Our results have important implications for management and conservation of F. vesiculosus, and we raise a number of concerns about how genetic variability should be preserved within this species.
Evaluating Readiness and Treatment Seeking Effects in a Pharmacotherapy Trial for Alcohol Dependence
Authors: Penberthy J. Kim , Ait‐Daoud Nassima , Breton Marc , Kovatchev Boris , DiClemente Carlo C. , Johnson Bankole A. 
Published: July 2007

Background:  Decreases in drinking behavior prior to treatment onset often occur in pharmacotherapy trials for alcohol dependence. We propose that these decreases are associated with both trait and state factors operating before initiation of treatment to influence participants’ expectation or perception of future treatment outcome. While trait factors typically include personality traits, state factors can include readiness to change and severity of drinking at screening. Understanding the characteristics of changes in drinking early in the process of entering treatment can improve clinical trials and outcomes. Our goal was to evaluate drinking behavior before initiating a randomized, double‐blind pharmacotherapy clinical trial for alcohol dependence.Methods:  We examined the impact of personality factors associated with gregariousness or conformity on the MacAndrew Alcoholism Scale, as well as state factors measured by the Stages‐of‐Change Scale (based on the University of Rhode Island Change Assessment Scale) and quantity of drinking at screening, on pre‐double‐blind clinical outcome (i.e., drinking reduction) among 321 male and female alcoholics enrolled in a pharmacotherapy trial.Results:  A significant reduction in alcohol consumption occurred among heavy drinkers between the baseline assessment (10.3 ± 5.9 drinks per day) and the last week of single‐blind placebo administration (5.3 ± 5.1 drinks per day; p < 0.001). In contrast, the reduction in alcohol consumption by nonheavy drinkers over the same period was not significant (from 3.07 ± 0.65 to 2.98 ± 2.6 drinks per day; p > 0.05). Partial correlations indicated that the significant predictors of drinking reductions during this period were: level of drinking (−0.215) and the Stages‐of‐Change subscales of precontemplation (−0.152), contemplation (0.144), and maintenance (−0.284). Personality factors on the MacAndrew Alcoholism Scale did not predict drinking reductions during this same period.Conclusions:  Participants with higher motivation levels and greater drinking severity were most likely to reduce their drinking behavior before double‐blind treatment. These state factors are important to consider when randomizing participants in trials, and are more important than trait or personality factors in accounting for the initial reduction in drinking in this population during the pretreatment period.
Characterization of the Acute Cardiac Electrophysiologic Effects of Ethanol in Dogs
Authors: Fenelon Guilherme , Balbão Carlos E. B. , Fernandes Rinaldo , Arfelli Elerson , Landim Priscila , Ayres Otávio , Paola Angelo A.V. de 
Published: July 2007

Background: Alcohol has been related to atrial fibrillation (holiday heart syndrome), but its electrophysiologic actions remain unclear.Methods: We evaluated the effects of alcohol in 23 anesthetized dogs at baseline and after 2 cumulative intravenous doses of ethanol: first dose 1.5 ml/kg (plasma level 200 mg/dl); second dose 1.0 ml/kg (279 mg/dl). In 13 closed‐chest dogs (5 with intact autonomic nervous system, 5 under combined autonomic blockade and 3 sham controls), electrophysiologic evaluation and monophasic action potential (MAP) recordings were undertaken in the right atrium and ventricle. In 5 additional dogs, open‐chest biatrial epicardial mapping with 8 bipoles on Bachmann’s bundle was undertaken. In the remaining 5 dogs, 2D echocardiograms and ultrastructural analysis were performed.Results: In closed‐chest dogs with intact autonomic nervous system, ethanol had no effects on surface electrocardiogram and intracardiac variables. At a cycle length of 300 milliseconds, no effects were noted on atrial and ventricular refractoriness and on the right atrial MAP. These results were not altered by autonomic blockade. No changes occurred in sham controls. In open‐chest dogs, ethanol did not affect inter‐atrial conduction time, conduction velocity, and wavelength. Atrial arrhythmias were not induced in any dog, either at baseline or after ethanol. Histological and ultrastructural findings were normal but left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction decreased in treated dogs (77 vs. 73 vs. 66%; p = 0.04).Conclusion: Ethanol at medium and high doses depresses LV systolic function but has no effects on atrial electrophysiological parameters. These findings suggest that acute alcoholic intoxication does not directly promote atrial arrhythmias.