bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Particle‐Based Photoelectrodes for PEC Water Splitting: Concepts and Perspectives
Authors: Liu Deyu , Kuang Yongbo 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis comprehensive review delves into the intricacies of the photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting process, specifically focusing on the design, fabrication, and optimization of particle‐based photoelectrodes for efficient green hydrogen production. These photoelectrodes, composed of semiconductor materials, potentially harness light energy and generate charge carriers, driving water oxidation and reduction reactions. The versatility of particle‐based photoelectrodes as a platform for investigating and enhancing various semiconductor candidates is explored, particularly the emerging complex oxides with compelling charge transfer properties. However, the challenges presented by many factors influencing the performance and stability of these photoelectrodes, including particle size, shape, composition, morphology, surface modification, and electrode configuration, are highlighted. The review introduces the fundamental principles of semiconductor photoelectrodes for PEC water splitting, presents an exhaustive overview of different synthesis methods for semiconductor powders and their assembly into photoelectrodes, and discusses recent advances and challenges in photoelectrode material development. It concludes by offering promising strategies for improving photoelectrode performance and stability, such as the adoption of novel architectures and heterojunctions.
Deeply Lithiated Carbonaceous Materials for Great Lithium Metal Protection in All‐Solid‐State Batteries
Authors: Song Libo , Li Ruhong , Zhu Haotian , Li Zhendong , Liu Gaozhan , Peng Zhe , Fan Xiulin , Yao Xiayin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractProtection of lithium (Li) metal electrode is a core challenge for all‐solid‐state Li metal batteries (ASSLMBs). Carbon materials with variant structures have shown great effect of Li protection in liquid electrolytes, however, can accelerate the solid‐state electrolyte (SE) decomposition owing to the high electronic conductivity, seriously limiting their application in ASSLMBs. Here, a novel strategy is proposed to tailor the carbon materials for efficient Li protection in ASSLMBs, by in situ forming a rational niobium‐based Li‐rich disordered rock salt (DRS) shell on the carbon materials, providing a favorable percolating Li+ diffusion network for speeding the carbon lithiation, and enabling simultaneously improved lithiophilicity and reduced electronic conductivity of the carbon structure at deep lithiation state. Using the proposed strategy, different carbon materials, such as graphitic carbon paper and carbon nanotubes, are tailored with great ability to speed the interfacial kinetics, homogenize the Li plating/stripping processes, and suppress the SE decompositions, enabling much improved performances of ASSLMBs under various conditions approaching the practical application. This strategy is expected to create a novel roadmap of Li protection for developing reliable high‐energy‐density ASSLMBs.
Li Promoting Long Afterglow Organic Light‐Emitting Transistor for Memory Optocoupler Module
Authors: Chen Yusheng , Wang Hanlin , Chen Hu , Zhang Weimin , Pätzel Michael , Han Bin , Wang Kexin , Xu Shunqi , Montes‐García Verónica , McCulloch Iain , Hecht Stefan , Samorì Paolo 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe artificial brain is conceived as advanced intelligence technology, capable to emulate in‐memory processes occurring in the human brain by integrating synaptic devices. Within this context, improving the functionality of synaptic transistors to increase information processing density in neuromorphic chips is a major challenge in this field. In this article, Li‐ion migration promoting long afterglow organic light‐emitting transistors, which display exceptional postsynaptic brightness of 7000 cd m−2 under low operational voltages of 10 V is presented. The postsynaptic current of 0.1 mA operating as a built‐in threshold switch is implemented as a firing point in these devices. The setting‐condition‐triggered long afterglow is employed to drive the photoisomerization process of photochromic molecules that mimic neurotransmitter transfer in the human brain for realizing a key memory rule, that is, the transition from long‐term memory to permanent memory. The combination of setting‐condition‐triggered long afterglow with photodiode amplifiers is also processed to emulate the human responding action after the setting‐training process. Overall, the successful integration in neuromorphic computing comprising stimulus judgment, photon emission, transition, and encoding, to emulate the complicated decision tree of the human brain is demonstrated.
A Mechanoluminescent ZnS:Cu/PDMS and Biocompatible Piezoelectric Silk Fibroin/PDMS Hybrid Sensor for Self‐Powered Sensing and Artificial Intelligence Control
Authors: Kim Min‐Soo , Timilsina Suman , Jang Seong‐Min , Kim Ji‐Sik , Park Sang‐Shik 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMechanoluminescence (ML) is luminescence induced due to mechanical stress, providing intuitive responses to strain‐related events. Piezoelectricity is the conversion of mechanical strain into electrical signals, offering a quantitative measurement of force/deformation. Combining ML and piezoelectricity within a single device provides a comprehensive understanding of mechanical events, providing qualitative and quantitative information about strain‐related phenomena. A ZnS:Cu/polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) composite and a biocompatible silk fibroin/PDMS composite are prepared to generate ML and electrical signals, respectively. An innovative method for obtaining powder from silk fabrics is employed. The microstructure and composition of silk fibroin powder are also examined via X‐ray diffraction and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Mechanical stimuli such as pressure, stretching, twisting, bending, vibration, and rubbing are applied to the device to demonstrate optical and electrical responses. Under pressure, a voltage of 3.82 V and an output current of 201.6 nA are generated at a force of 1 N. Furthermore, a handwritten test is conducted to qualitatively visualize letters based on ML effects and explore the feasibility of using artificial intelligence to classify voltage signals generated during writing into their corresponding letters. This biocompatible, dual‐modal self‐powered sensor demonstrates broad applicability in wearable technology, biomechanics, human–machine interaction, security, and energy harvesting.
Hybrid Photonic Structures: Gallium Phosphide Nanowires Decorated with Carbon Dots for Enhanced Broadband Emission
Authors: Zakharov Viktor V. , Rider Maxim A. , Kovova Mariia S. , Kuznetsov Alexey , Anikina Maria A. , Efimova Arina A. , Kondratev Valeriy M. , Shmakov Stanislav V. , Kirilenko Demid A. , Parfenov Petеr S. , Fedorov Vladimir V. , Orlova Anna O. , Bolshakov Alexey D. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractCarbon dots (CDs) are promising nanostructures in the field of photonics owing to the ease of fabrication, tunable and efficient emission. Gallium phosphide (GaP) nanowires are known for high surface area, optical density, waveguiding, resonant optical properties but lacking the luminescence due to the indirect bandgap. Here, hybrid photonic structures – GaP nanowires decorated with the CDs are fabricated and studied. Feasible drop‐casting deposition technique allows fabrication of dense vertical structures exhibiting efficient photoluminescence. Deposition of the CDs over the nanowires does not affect their luminescent properties demonstrating tolerance of the approach toward the surface aggregation. Tuning of the emission spectrum is obtained via variation of the excitation wavelength and CDs’ synthesis protocol. The structures emitting throughout the visible range are obtained. Analysis of the photoluminescence of an individual structure demonstrates the most intense and fast recombination processes at the ends of a nanowire. It is shown that the luminescence of the CDs’ covering a nanowire acting as a Fabry–Perot cavity is enhanced up to a factor of 3 governed by the Purcell effect. The obtained results unveil a path for fabrication of novel photonic devices via decoration of optically dense nanowires with CDs for enhanced and directed broadband emission.
Thermo‐Optical Switches Based on Spin‐Crossover Molecules with Wideband Transparency
Authors: Zhang Lijun , Capo Chichi Jesukpego Anorld , Calvez Stéphane , Zhang Yuteng , Salmon Lionel , Molnár Gábor , Ridier Karl , Bousseksou Azzedine 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn this work, a thermally tunable optical resonator operating in the visible wavelength range is reported, which consists of a bilayer structure composed of a thin silver layer and a dielectric coating of [Fe(HB(1,2,4‐triazol‐1‐yl)3)2] switchable spin‐crossover (SCO) molecules. White light is coupled to the resonant structure using a prism and the resulting resonance spectra are investigated as a function of the incident angle and temperature. Switching the SCO molecules from the low‐spin to the high‐spin state gives rise to a substantial blueshift of the resonances reaching up to 30 nm (associated with a reflectance modulation of up to 70%), which can be linked, through transfer‐matrix simulations, to the variation of the optical thickness of the molecular layer. Interestingly, the study demonstrated that the large thermal tunability of the device also gives rise to a photothermal nonlinearity, which can be leveraged for achieving optical limiting applications. Overall, through the present study, it is shown that molecular SCO nanomaterials can be superior to commonly used thermo‐optical switches and well‐established optical phase‐change materials for applications requiring high broadband optical transparency in the visible spectral domain.
Efficacy and histologic frequencies of endoscopic ultrasonography‐guided tissue acquisition using conventional fine‐needle aspiration needles for gastric subepithelial hypoechoic mass
Authors: Akahoshi Kazuya , Tamura Shinichi , Akahoshi Kazuaki , Shiratsuchi Yuki , Koga Hidenobu , Oya Masafumi , Ohishi Yoshihiro , Koga Tadashi 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIntroduction/PurposeFor gastric subepithelial lesions (GSELs) showing a hypoechoic mass (HM) on endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) imaging, the utility of EUS‐guided tissue acquisition using conventional fine‐needle aspiration needles (EUS‐TA‐CFNAN) and the frequency of histological types remain unclear. This study aimed to examine this issue.MethodsThis prospective observational study enrolled 291 consecutive patients who underwent EUS‐TA‐CFNAN for GSELs showing an HM (GSELHM) on EUS imaging. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed for all EUS‐TA‐CFNAN and surgically resected specimens. The main outcome measures were the technical results of EUS‐TA‐CFNAN and the frequency of histological types in GSELHM.ResultsThe endoscopic ultrasound‐guided tissue acquisition using conventional fine‐needle aspiration needle diagnosis rate for GSELHM was 80.1% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 75.0–84.5, 233/291). It was significantly lower for antrum (P = 0.004) and lesions smaller than 2 cm (P = 0.003). There were no adverse events. The immunohistochemical diagnoses of EUS‐TA‐CFNAN included 149 cases of gastrointestinal stromal tumour (GIST) (51.2%), 48 cases of leiomyoma (16.5%), 11 cases of schwannoma (3.8%), 8 cases of the ectopic pancreas (2.7%), 5 cases of subepithelial lesion like cancer (1.7%), 12 cases of other lesions (4.1%), and 58 cases of undiagnosable lesions (19.9%). The frequency of malignant or potentially malignant tumour in GSELHM was 55.0% (95% CI: 49.1–60.8, 160/291). Surgery was performed in 149 patients according to the conclusive EUS‐TA‐CFNAN results, in which the diagnostic accuracy of EUS‐TA‐CFNAN was 97.3% (95% CI: 94.7–99.9, 145/149).ConclusionThe use of EUS‐TA‐CFNAN for GSELHMs is safe and accurate. Gastric subepithelial lesions showing a hypoechoic mass have a reasonably high possibility of containing malignant or potentially malignant tumours, including GISTs.
SinoNasal Microbiota Transfer to treat recalcitrant chronic rhinosinusitis: A case series
Authors: Gill Sandeep K. , Hernaiz‐Leonardo Juan C. , Edens Thaddeus J. , Pascual Athenea , Tang Chris , Fan Judy , Thamboo Andrew , Mullings Warren , Alsaleh Saad , Alim Bader M. , Javer Amin R. , Manges Amee R. 
Published: April 2024

Key points
SinoNasal Microbiota Transfer (SNMT) was safe with immediate benefit in all recipients, with sustained improvement in two of three recipients for up to 180 days.
The addition of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy worsened chronic rhinosinusitis.
These promising SNMT results warrant further study of safety and efficacy.
The relationship between survey‐based subjective olfactory awareness and objective olfactory function
Authors: Monk Aurelia S. , Pyati Shreyas , Lamb Meredith , Melott Nick , Benaim Ezer H. , Wiesen Christoper , Klatt‐Cromwell Cristine , Thorp Brian D. , Ebert Charles S. , Kimple Adam J. , Senior Brent A. 
Published: April 2024

Key points
Correlation between symptom‐based surveys and objective olfactory testing is variable.
For diagnosis and symptom monitoring, surveys should correlate with objective testing.
The Odor Awareness Scale (OAS) and Affective Importance of Odor Scale (AIO) showed significant but moderate positive correlations with University of Pennsylvania Scent Identification Test (UPSIT) score.
Unified Approach to Deamination and Deoxygenation Through Isonitrile Hydrodecyanation: A Combined Experimental and Computational Investigation
Authors: Jiao Ziqi , Jaunich Kyle T. , Tao Thomas , Gottschall Olivia , Hughes Maxwell M. , Turlik Aneta , Schuppe Alexander W. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractHerein, we describe a general hydrodefunctionalization protocol of alcohols and amines through a common isonitrile intermediate. To cleave the relatively inert C−NC bond, we leveraged dual hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) and photoredox catalysis to generate a nucleophilic boryl radical, which readily forms an imidoyl radical intermediate from the isonitrile. Rapid β‐scission then accomplishes defunctionalization. This method has been applied to the hydrodefunctionalization of both amine and alcohol‐containing pharmaceuticals, natural products, and biomolecules. We extended this approach to the reduction of carbonyls and olefins to their saturated counterparts, as well as the hydrodecyanation of alkyl nitriles. Both experimental and computational studies demonstrate a facile β‐scission of the imidoyl radical, and reconcile differences in reactivity between nitriles and isonitriles within our protocol.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Inward Isomerization Hydroaminocarbonylation of Alkenes
Authors: Zou Xian‐Jin , Jin Zhao‐Xing , Yang Hui‐Yi , Wu Fei , Ren Zhi‐Hui , Guan Zheng‐Hui 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn contrast to the kinetically favored outward isomerization‐hydrocarbonylation of alkenes, the disfavored inward isomerization‐hydrocarbonylation of alkenes remains an important challenge. Herein, we have developed a novel and effective palladium‐catalyzed inward isomerization‐hydroaminocarbonylation of unactivated alkenes and aniline hydrochlorides for the formation of synthetically valuable α‐aryl carboxylic amides in high yields and high site‐selectivities. The high efficiency of the reaction is attributed to a relay catalysis strategy, in which the Markovnikov‐favored [PdH]‐PtBu3 catalyst is responsible for inward isomerization, while the [PdH]‐Ruphos catalyst is responsible for hydroaminocarbonylation of the resulting conjugated aryl alkenes. The reaction exhibits highly functional group tolerance and provides a new method for formal carbonylation of remote C(sp3)−H bond.
Construct Phenylethanoid Glycosides Harnessing Biosynthetic Networks, Protein Engineering and One‐Pot Multienzyme Cascades
Authors: Yao Mingju , Wang Haotian , Wang Zilong , Song Chenglin , Sa Xiaolin , Du Wei , Ye Min , Qiao Xue 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPhenylethanoid glycosides (PhGs) exhibit a multitude of structural variations linked to diverse pharmacological activities. Assembling various PhGs via multienzyme cascades represents a concise strategy over traditional synthetic methods. However, the challenge lies in identifying a comprehensive set of catalytic enzymes. This study explores biosynthetic PhG reconstruction from natural precursors, aiming to replicate and amplify their structural diversity. We discovered 12 catalytic enzymes, including four novel 6′‐OH glycosyltransferases and three new polyphenol oxidases, revealing the intricate network in PhG biosynthesis. Subsequently, the crystal structure of CmGT3 (2.62 Å) was obtained, guiding the identification of conserved residue 144# as a critical determinant for sugar donor specificity. Engineering this residue in PhG glycosyltransferases (FsGT61, CmGT3, and FsGT6) altered their sugar donor recognition. Finally, a one‐pot multienzyme cascade was established, where the combined action of glycosyltransferases and acyltransferases boosted conversion rates by up to 12.6‐fold. This cascade facilitated the reconstruction of 26 PhGs with conversion rates ranging from 5–100 %, and 20 additional PhGs detectable by mass spectrometry. PhGs with extra glycosyl and hydroxyl modules demonstrated notable liver cell protection. This work not only provides catalytic tools for PhG biosynthesis, but also serves as a proof‐of‐concept for cell‐free enzymatic construction of diverse natural products.
Detergent Chemistry Modulates the Transgression of Planetary Boundaries including Antimicrobial Resistance and Drug Discovery
Authors: Seewald Marc , Nielinger Lena , Alker Katharina , Behnke Jan‐Simon , Wycisk Virginia , Urner Leonhard H. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDetergent chemistry enables applications in the world today while harming safe operating spaces that humanity needs for survival. Aim of this review is to support a holistic thought process in the design of detergent chemistry. We harness the planetary boundary concept as a framework for literature survey to identify progresses and knowledge gaps in context with detergent chemistry and five planetary boundaries that are currently transgressed, i.e., climate, freshwater, land system, novel entities, biosphere integrity. Our survey unveils the status of three critical challenges to be addressed in the years to come, including (i) the implementation of a holistically, climate‐friendly detergent industry; (ii) the alignment of materialistic and social aspects in creating technical solutions by means of sustainable chemistry; (iii) the development of detergents that serve the purpose of applications but do not harm the biosphere in their role as novel entities. Specifically, medically relevant case reports revealed that even the most sophisticated detergent design cannot sufficiently accelerate drug discovery to outperform the antibiotic resistance development that detergents simultaneously promote as novel entities. Safe operating spaces that humanity needs for its survival may be secured by directing future efforts beyond sustainable chemistry, resource efficiency, and net zero emission targets.
Probability rate optimization of positive Markov jump linear systems via DC programming
Authors: Zhao Chengyan , Zhu Bohao , Ogura Masaki , Lam James 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWe investigate the stabilization problem of positive Markov jump linear systems by optimizing their transition probability rates. By using the convex property of posynomials and the standard mathematical programming that deals with the difference in convex functions, we show that transition probability rate synthesis problems can be solved via difference‐of‐convex (DC) programming. A numerical example is used to illustrate the effectiveness of our results.
Carbons‐to‐SiOx Contact Ratio for Faster Graphite/SiOx Electrode Formulation Optimization
Authors: Meyssonnier Clément , Chalard Cassandre , Goubard‐Bretesché Nicolas , Merabet Amina , Dupré Nicolas , Paireau Cyril , Lestriez Bernard 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe optimization of composite electrodes based on a silicon/graphite mixture is essential for battery performance, but is complex due to the multiplicity of parameters that come into play. In this direction, we propose to adjust the amount of surface area developed by all the graphitic carbons, including the conductive additive to that of the silicon phase. This concept, introduced here as graphite and carbon‐to‐silicon contact ratio, is based on the importance of contacts on the mechanical, electrical and electrochemical properties of composite electrodes. The validity of this new formulation parameter is studied here for SiOx/Graphite composite electrodes, which differ in the proportions of two types of graphite (spherical or platelet form) and for different types of conductive additives (carbon black and carbon nanotubes). An optimal contact ratio is determined, allowing at the same time the best gravimetric and volumetric capacities, the best cyclability, and the best power performance.
When Prosocial Motives Matter Most: The Interactive Effects of Social Value Orientation, Message Framing, and Helping Costs on Helping Behavior
Authors: Iwai Tatiana , Tavares Gustavo M. 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACTWe advance prior work on prosocial behavior by examining the situations in which prosocial motives are more likely to influence helping behavior. Building on the arousal:cost‐reward model and the self‐discrepancy theory, we test the moderating effects of help request framing (benevolent vs. economic) and contextual costs of helping on the relationship between social value orientation (SVO) and helping behavior. In two experimental studies, we found evidence that prosocial individuals are more likely to help than proselfs especially when it is more costly to do so. Similarly, prosocial individuals help more when requests are framed in terms of benevolence but not when they are framed as an exchange. These findings suggest that prosocial motives foster helping when it is more challenging to do so—that is, when help seekers do not have much to offer in return as well as in costly situations.
Rapid identification of potential nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug overdose–induced liver toxicity and prediction of follow‐up exposure: Integrating bioanalytical and population pharmacokinetic assay
Authors: Zhou Sufeng , Zhao Tangping , Wang Jie , Wang Luming , Zhang Zimo , Zhu Jinying , Zhao Yuqing , Zhu Ying , Sun Hao , Shao Feng 
Published: April 2024

AbstractNonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are among the most frequently used drugs that can cause liver toxicity. The aim of this study was to integrate bioanalytical and population pharmacokinetic (PopPK) assay to rapidly screen and quantify the concentrations of NSAIDs in plasma and monitor clinical safety. A liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) method was developed for the simultaneous quantification of acetaminophen (APAP), flurbiprofen (FLB), aspirin (ASP), and ibuprofen (IBP), four commonly used NSAIDs. The PopPK model of the signature toxicant was analyzed based on the published literature. The LC–MS/MS method was successfully validated and applied to determine NSAID concentrations in patient plasma samples. APAP, ASP, and IBP data were best fitted using a one‐compartment model, and FLB data were best fitted using a two‐compartment model. Bootstrapping and visual predictive checks suggested that a robust and reliable pharmacokinetic model was developed. A fast, simple, and sensitive LC–MS/MS method was developed and validated for determining APAP, FLB, ASP, and IBP in human plasma. Combined with the PopPK model, this method was applied to rapidly analyze the concentrations of NSAIDs in clinical samples from patients presenting to the emergency department with acute liver dysfunction and monitored NSAIDs clinical safety.