bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of nicorandil and ranolazine in prevention of contrast-induced nephropathy in patients with mild-to-moderate renal dysfunction: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Yusuf Jamal , Prakash Gyan , Safal Safal , Mehta Vimal , Mukhopadhyay Saibal 
Published: February 2024

Introduction
Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) is a common complication after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). There is conflicting evidence regarding efficacy of nicorandil in CIN prevention. With respect to ranolazine, there is physiological possibility as well as data in animal study regarding its protective effect against CIN; there is, however, no human data till date.

Aim and objectives
To assess the efficacy of nicorandil and ranolazine in preventing CIN. The secondary endpoint was to measure difference in postprocedure acute kidney injury (AKI) incidence across groups. Also, patients were followed up till 6 months for major adverse events.

Material and methods
This single-center randomized controlled study included 315 patients of coronary artery disease with mild-to-moderate renal dysfunction undergoing elective PCI. Eligible patients were assigned to either nicorandil (n = 105), ranolazine (n = 105) or control group (n = 105) in 1 : 1 : 1 ratio by block randomization. All enrolled patients were given intravenous sodium chloride at rate of 1.0 mL/kg/h (0.5 mL/kg/h for patients with left ventricular ejection fraction <45%) from 6 h before procedure till 12 h after procedure. Iso-osmolar contrast agent (iodixanol) was used for all patients. In addition to hydration, patients in nicorandil group received oral nicorandil (10 mg, 3 times/d) and those in ranolazine group received oral ranolazine (1000 mg, 2 times/d) 1 day before procedure and for 2 days after PCI. Patients in control group received only hydration.

Results
Total number of CIN was 34 (10.7%), which included 19 (18.1%) in control, 8 (7.6%) in nicorandil and 7 (6.6%) in ranolazine group. There was significant association of CIN reduction across groups (P = 0.012). On pairwise comparison also, there was significant benefit across control and ranolazine as well as control and nicorandil (P < 0.025). There was numerically higher incidence of AKI in controls; the difference, however, did not reach statistical significance after applying Bonferroni correction (P = 0.044). Over 6-month follow-up, adverse events were similar across groups.

Conclusion
While this study adds to existing literature that supports role for nicorandil in CIN prevention, the efficacy of ranolazine in protecting against CIN has been demonstrated in humans for the first time.
Examining the impact of air pollution, climate change, and social determinants of health on asthma and environmental justice
Authors: Canaday Felicia T. , Georas Steve N. , Croft Daniel P. 
Published: February 2024

Purpose of review
In this review, we discuss the current literature examining the impact air pollution and climate change has on asthma onset, control, and exacerbation. This review also addresses the risk of exposure to specific disproportionately affected communities, highlighting health disparities in exposure and asthma outcomes.

Recent findings
Recent studies have shifted from highlighting the associations between asthma exacerbations and indoor and outdoor air pollution. Studies are now focused on confirming the association of asthma incidence from these same exposures. Many studies have linked particulate matter to adverse asthma outcomes, however, the pollutant exposures that pose the greatest risk and the effect of natural disasters fueled by climate change are under current study. Some studies have observed that the true burden that pollutant exposures have on asthma outcomes occurs at the intersection of exposure and vulnerability. Future studies in this area will address social determinants of health, societal factors such as redlining and other systemic racism practices.

Summary
Although decades of research support the causal link between gaseous and particulate air pollution and the exacerbation of preexisting asthma, recent studies suggest air pollution can cause incident (new onset) asthma. Studies have started to focus on the underlying drivers of poor outcomes in asthma. Many of the structural impediments to high quality asthma care at the society level (e.g. poverty, redlining, systemic racism) also are risk factors for worsened climate events and air pollution exposure. The individuals in these disproportionately affected groups are doubly affected by worsened exposure and worsened access to care for the resultant asthma exacerbations or incident asthma. More research is needed to understand the specific climate and air pollution mitigation efforts where disproportionately affected communities would derive the most benefit.
The histomorphology of the senescent kidney – the clinical relevance of specimen and biopsy findings in the elderly native kidneys
Authors: Kozakowski Nicolas 
Published: February 2024

Purpose of review
Renal pathology is crucial in diagnosing the ageing kidney. Recent technological advances enabled high-resolution molecular investigations into the complex mechanisms of ageing and senescence.

Recent findings
The pathological analysis of large kidney tissue collections coupled with computer-assisted morphometry contributed to the establishment of age-related reference values for glomerular or vascular sclerosis, interstitial fibrosis, and tubular atrophy. Furthermore, new high-throughput proteomic and transcriptomic platforms have entered the field of pathology. When coupled with morphology information, these techniques facilitated the study of extracellular matrix modifications and the senescent immune system in the ageing kidney. Finally, iatrogenic complications are now frequent indications for diagnostic kidney biopsies in older patients, potentially accelerating kidney senescence.

Summary
Recent pathology literature supports identifying and prognosticating sclerosing processes in ageing kidneys.
Juvenile sialidosis: a rare case and review of the literature
Authors: Pokharel Pashupati , Dawadi Aakriti , Baral Biraj , Dhungana Sunil , Baskota Arati , Poudel Daman Raj 
Published: February 2024

Background:Sialidosis is a rare variety of lysosomal storage disease that results in intracellular accumulation of sialic acid containing compounds. The authors report the first case of type II sialidosis, juvenile subtype in a 30-month-old male child from Nepal.Case presentation:Progressive hearing loss with coarse facies, hepatomegaly, kyphoscoliosis, dysostosis multiplex were the major features in a 30-month-old child born to healthy non-consanguineous parents. With the suspicion of lysosomal storage disease, urinary oligosaccharides were tested and were positive. Whole-exome sequencing revealed a mutation in the neuraminidase gene (NEU1) and established the diagnosis of sialidosis.Clinical discussion:Sialidosis is a rare autosomal recessive type of lysosomal storage disease resulting due to mutation of the neuraminidase gene leading to intracellular accumulation of sialic acid compounds. Based on the presence of visual symptoms, sialidosis is classified into type I and II varieties. Our case is of type II juvenile sialidosis.Conclusion:Despite rare, sialidosis is a life-threatening, and disabling disease. Exploring targeted therapy is the utmost to treat this condition.
Parthenolide induces gallbladder cancer cell apoptosis via MAPK signaling
Authors: Obulkasim Halmurat , Aji Gulibositan , Abudoula Abudoukaher , Liu Yu , Duan Shaobin 
Published: February 2024

Objective
Parthenolide (PTL) has a wide range of clinical applications owing to its anti-inflammatory and antitumor effects. To date, the antitumor effect of PTL on gallbladder cancer (GBC) remains largely unknown. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the biological effects of PTL on GBC.

Methods:
The cellular viability and proliferation of GBC-SD and NOZ cell lines after treatment with different concentrations of PTL were analyzed using the Cell Counting Kit-8( CCK8 )assay and colony formation assay. Apoptosis analysis was performed using flow cytometry. Hoechst staining was performed. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was performed to identify PTL-related genes and signaling pathways. Furthermore, we confirmed the involvement of these signaling pathways by qRT-PCR and western blotting. For the in vivo experiments, a xenograft model was used to evaluate the effects of PTL on the proliferation of NOZ cells.

Results:
PTL significantly inhibited GBC cell growth in vitro and induced apoptosis in the GBC-SD and NOZ cell lines in a dose-dependent manner. RNA sequencing data showed that the immune response and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways are closely associated with PTL-induced gallbladder cancer cell apoptosis. PTL upregulated BAX, Cleaved PARP-1, Cleaved Caspase-3, Cleaved Caspase-9, P53 and decreased the expression of BCL-2, phosphorylated ERK, and phosphorylated MEK in vitro. Tumor volume and weight were also suppressed by PTL in vivo. Moreover, the effects of PTL on GBC cells might be mediated by the MAPK pathway.

Conclusion
PTL significantly inhibits gallbladder cancer cell proliferation and induces apoptosis through the MAPK pathway, which is a potential molecular reagent for treating GBC. However, further exploration is needed to verify the antitumor effects of PTL and its intracellular signaling mechanism.
Prevalence of Fetomaternal Rhesus incompatibility at the tertiary care hospital; a cross-sectional study
Authors: Nyakio Olivier , Kibukila Fabrice , Suvvari Tarun Kumar , Bhattacharjee Priyadarshini , Akilimali Aymar , Mukwege Denis 
Published: February 2024

Background:
Fetomaternal Rhesus Incompatibility is a medical condition that affects the pregnant woman (of blood group (A, B, AB, O) and a negative Rhesus) and the foetus (of positive Rhesus). The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence and to present the clinical characteristics of Fetomaternal Rhesus incompatibility in a tertiary care hospital.

Methods:
We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study and 37 participants were recorded during the study period of 4 years.

Results:
A total of 11898 pregnant women admitted to the maternity and 37 of them (women with blood groups A, B, AB or O and with a negative Rhesus) participated in our study, including a frequency of 0.31%. 30 cases of Fetomaternal Rhesus Incompatibility were recorded in new-borns. 27 (73%) of the women are from the urban region and the age group between 21 and 25 is the most affected with 37.8%. 22 (59.5%) of pregnant women have blood group O (and negative Rhesus) and primiparous women are the most affected with 64.9%. For the discovery of allo immunization, 43.2% of women discovered it during the second pregnancy and 48.7% women received a single infusion of Anti-D serum during the first pregnancy. 12 (40%) new-borns developed jaundice as a perinatal prognosis.

Conclusion:
Fetomaternal Rhesus incompatibility remains a major problem of maternal health because it is likely to lead to the formation of antibodies in women, which by crossing the placental barrier, they destroy red blood cells and thus cause serious complications.
Intracranial osteochondroma arising from the posterior clinoid process: a rare case report with diagnostic challenges and comprehensive literature review
Authors: Thapa Bikash Raj , katwal Shailendra 
Published: February 2024

Introduction and importance:
Intracranial osteochondroma is rare, presenting diagnostic challenges due to overlapping imaging findings with other pathologies. This case report highlights the significance of considering osteochondroma in calcified tumour differentials near bone.

Case presentation:
A 34-year-old man with vision deterioration and headaches had an MRI revealing a suprasellar lesion. Intraoperatively, a bony hard tumour was partially resected. Subsequent computed tomography (CT) confirmed a calcified mass contiguous with the posterior clinoid.

Clinical discussion:
Reviewing 28 cases, skull base osteochondromas were common, with differential diagnoses including craniopharyngioma and meningioma. Surgical decision-making involved balancing complete resection for convexity and falx cases versus partial resection for skull base tumours due to proximity to critical structures.

Conclusion:
Intracranial osteochondroma poses diagnostic challenges, especially near bone. Tailored surgical approaches are vital, with complete resection yielding good outcomes for convexity and falx cases. Close follow-up is crucial for monitoring recurrences and complications.
Central retinal artery occlusion in a child with ADA2 deficiency: A case report
Authors: Sharabati Israa , Ayesh Baraa , Qafesha Ruaa Mustafa , Rasras Heba , Abunejma Fawzy M. , Abdulrazzak Mohammed , Jobran Afnan W.M. 
Published: February 2024

Introduction and Importance:
Deficiency of ADA2 (DADA2) is the first molecularly described monogenic vasculitis syndrome. During the past decade, DADA2’s clinical spectrum has expanded significantly as the number of reported cases has increased.

Case Presentation:
A five-year-old boy with DADA2 who experienced sudden onset left-sided vision loss due to unilateral central retinal artery occlusion. The patient had a history of recurrent fever and arthralgia with high inflammatory markers (CRP and ESR). Brain MRI showed mild limbic encephalitis, and MRA was normal. His gene sequencing results demonstrated substitutions mutation in ADA2, and the diagnosis of DADA2 was eventually confirmed.

Clinical Discussion:
Central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) in pediatrics is a very rare condition. Typically, DADA2 presents in childhood as systemic inflammation, vasculitis, humoral immunodeficiency, and/or hematologic abnormalities. The most common phenotype described in the literature is vasculitis, which typically affects the skin and central nervous system, but other systems can also be affected. Ophthalmic manifestations are less common and highly variable.

Conclusion:
DADA2 manifests rarely with central retinal artery occlusion; therefore, physicians should be aware of this manifestation.
Unusual location of subungual amelanotic melanoma in 39-year-old patient: a rare case report
Authors: Karaja Saja Ahmad , Halloum Mai Abdulsalam , Mansour Sanaa Yasser , Almasri Alae Aldin 
Published: February 2024

Introduction and importance:
Melanoma represents only 1% of all skin cancers. Acral lentigious melanoma (ALM) which usually arises from feet, is the rarest main subtype of melanoma. Subungual melanoma (SUM) is a rare variant of ALM. Amelanotic melanoma (AM) is found only in 4–27.5% of melanomas, and the mean age for patients affected by AM exceeds 50 years. Late diagnosing leads to unfavourable prognosis.

Case presentation:
The authors present a case of subungual amelanotic melanoma that affected the nail unit of the right thumb which is a rare case, especially when the patient is only 39 years old. The lesion enlarged over a year and was misdiagnosed many times and treated with no response. Sentinel node biopsy was positive and the patient was moved to a specialized hospital for treatment.

Clinical discussion:
Diagnosing subungual amelanotic melanoma is challenging, not only because it is the rarest, but also it mimics many benign and malignant neoplasms due to the lack of pigmentation, in addition to the absence of clinical diagnostic features. AM exhibits a high growth rate helping in limiting the window for early detection.

Conclusions:
Lately diagnosed subungual amelanotic melanoma usually associates with an increased risk of metastases, So it should be considered as a cause of any non-healing lesion. Early diagnosing gives patients the best chance for survival.
Access to Benzathine Penicillin G Treatment for Persons With Syphilis, Maricopa County, Arizona, 2021
Authors: Mangone Elizabeth , Bell Jonathan , Devlin Stephanie , Khurana Renuka , Taylor Melanie M. 
Published: February 2024

Background
As the incidence of syphilis continues to increase, examining benzathine penicillin G (BPG) treatment data provides valuable insight for public health strategies. This study analyzed the trends of where BPG is administered relative to the initial clinical site of syphilis diagnosis. Our findings are timely in the context of recent national BPG shortages.

Methods
The analysis included persons diagnosed with any syphilis stage in Maricopa County, Arizona, from January 1, 2021, to December 31, 2021. The Arizona surveillance database (PRISM) was the source of demographic, testing, and treatment data.

Results
Of a total of 4028 persons with syphilis, 3038 (75.4%) received at least 1 injection of BPG. Among persons who received an initial BPG injection, only 1719 (56.6%) were diagnosed and treated at the same clinical site type. The Maricopa County Sexually Transmitted Disease Clinic administered BPG to 48.8% (n = 1483) of persons with syphilis who received an initial injection.

Conclusions
Our findings analyze trends in BPG administration that are likely due to treatment referral practices and medication cost. Administration of BPG is not guaranteed at the clinical site of diagnosis, highlighting concerns regarding access to BPG. A burden is placed on patients who are required to leave their diagnosing provider to seek syphilis treatment at other health facilities that administer BPG.
An Autopsy Case of Saphenous Vein Graft Rupture
Authors: Auen Thomas , Linde Erin 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Saphenous vein graft aneurysms are rare complications after coronary artery bypass grafting that carry serious complications. Less than 10 case reports of autopsy findings consistent with ruptured saphenous vein grafts exist in the literature. We report a case of a female presenting at autopsy who, after coronary artery bypass grafting 20 years prior, demonstrated findings of a saphenous vein graft aneurysm and rupture. With limited evidence from medical records, this case highlights a need for patients with previous coronary artery bypass grafting to be properly monitored to detect minute graft changes before aneurysm formation and rupture as seen in our decedent.
Do Peer Navigators Improve Initiation and Retention in HIV/VH/STI Treatment Programs for People From Key Populations? A Systematic Review of Effectiveness, Values and Preferences, and Cost
Authors: Kennedy Caitlin E. , Yeh Ping T. , Verster Annette , Luhmann Niklas , Nguyen Van T. T. , de Mello Maeve B. , Baggaley Rachel , Macdonald Virginia 
Published: February 2024

Background:
Key populations are disproportionately affected by HIV, viral hepatitis (VH), and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and face barriers to care. Peer navigation programs are widely used, but evidence supporting their use has not been synthesized.

Setting:
Peer navigation programs for sex workers, men who have sex with men, people who inject drugs, prisoners, and trans and gender diverse people globally.

Methods:
To inform World Health Organization guidelines, we conducted a systematic review of effectiveness, values and preferences, and cost studies published between January 2010 and May 2021. We searched CINAHL, PsycINFO, PubMed, and EMBASE; screened abstracts; and extracted data in duplicate. The effectiveness review included randomized controlled trials and comparative observational studies evaluating time to diagnosis or linkage to care, treatment initiation, treatment retention/completion, viral load, cure, or mortality. We assessed risk of bias and summarized findings in GRADE evidence profiles. Values and preferences and cost data were summarized descriptively.

Results:
Four studies evaluated the effectiveness of peer navigators for key populations. All were focused on HIV; none were designed for VH or STIs. These studies showed mixed effects on linkage to care, treatment retention/completion, and viral load; no studies measured treatment initiation, cure, or mortality. Two values and preferences studies with community-based organization staff and health workers suggested peer navigators for key populations were acceptable and valued, although continued challenges remained. No cost studies were identified.

Conclusions:
Although limited, available studies provide moderate certainty evidence for benefits of HIV/VH/STI peer navigation programs for key populations. Further evaluations are needed.
Using Electronic Health Records to Improve HIV Preexposure Prophylaxis Care: A Randomized Trial
Authors: Volk Jonathan E. , Leyden Wendy A. , Lea Alexandra N. , Lee Catherine , Donnelly Michelle C. , Krakower Douglas S. , Lee Kristine , Liu Vincent X. , Marcus Julia L. , Silverberg Michael J. 
Published: February 2024

Background:Preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) use remains limited and inequitable, and strategies are needed to improve PrEP provision in primary care.Methods:We conducted a cluster randomized trial at Kaiser Permanente, San Francisco, to evaluate the effectiveness of a clinical decision support intervention guided by an electronic health record (EHR)–based HIV risk prediction model to improve PrEP provision. Primary care providers (PCPs) were randomized to usual care or intervention, with PCPs who provide care to people with HIV balanced between arms. PCPs in the intervention arm received an EHR-based staff message with prompts to discuss HIV prevention and PrEP before upcoming in-person or video visits with patients whose predicted 3-year HIV risk was above a prespecified threshold. The main study outcome was initiation of PrEP care within 90 days, defined as PrEP discussions, referrals, or prescription fills.Results:One hundred twenty-one PCPs had 5051 appointments with eligible patients (2580 usual care; 2471 intervention). There was a nonsignificant increase in initiation of PrEP care in the intervention arm (6.0% vs 4.5%, HR 1.32, 95% CI: 0.84 to 2.1). There was a significant interaction by HIV provider status, with an intervention HR of 2.59 (95% CI: 1.30 to 5.16) for HIV providers and 0.89 (95% CI: 0.59 to 1.35) for non-HIV providers (P-interaction <0.001).Conclusion:An EHR-based intervention guided by an HIV risk prediction model substantially increased initiation of PrEP care among patients of PCPs who also care for people with HIV. Higher-intensity interventions may be needed to improve PrEP provision among PCPs less familiar with PrEP and HIV care.
Cutaneous Metastasis From Prostate Cancer on Posttherapeutic 177Lu–Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen Scan
Authors: Taghavi Mohammad , Ahmadi Reyhane , Qutbi Mohsen 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
In this note, we aim to present a patient with a known case of prostate cancer with widespread metastasis to the skeleton and liver who has undergone several cycles of chemoradiotherapy. The patient received 2 doses of 177Lu–prostate-specific membrane antigen therapy, in which several zones of uptake were detected on the thoracic wall compatible with cutaneous metastatic lesions of prostate cancer.