bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrasound in Obstructive Jaundice
Authors: DOWNEY P.R. , MOK P.M. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTThe ultrasonographic findings of 44 patients, with obstructive jaundice were retrospectively reviewed. Our conclusions from this study are:

Ultrasound is an excellent modality for detecting dilatation of the biliary tree (in part or in total) and assessing the degree of dilatation, but it does not reliably detect the obstructing lesion often enough.
It is important to adequately visualise the area of the extra‐hepatic biliary tree and pancreatic head before suggesting the aetiology of any biliary tract dilatation regardless of the findings more proximally in the biliary tract.
The optimal role of ultrasound is to detect a mass if one is present: tissue‐typing requires histological or cytological examination of material from the mass.
The Accuracy of Percutaneous Transhepatic Cholangiography (P.T.C.) Using the Chiba Needle in the Diagnosis of Level and Cause of Cholestasis
Authors: JUTTIJUDATA P. , PALAVATANA C. , CHIEMCHAISRI C. , CHURNRATANAKUL S. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYA prospective study of P.T.C. using the Chiba Needle in the diagnosis of cholestasis was carried out in 276 patients. The visualization of the biliary system by P.T.C. and the pathological diagnoses were confirmed in 253 patients. The accuracy of P.T.C. in the determination of the level and cause of cholestasis was 100.0% and 96.0% respectively. P.T.C, in our opinion, is still the diagnostic modality of choice, especially in surgically difficult patients.
The Problem of Local Control in Patients with Advanced Breast Cancer — A Combined Modality Approach
Authors: BOYAGES J. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study is to present the initial results, particularly the rates of local control and sites of relapse, in 26 cases of locally advanced breast cancer, treated by a combination of chemotherapy and radiotherapy.The treatment protocol consisted of three cycles of Adriamycin and Cyclophosphamide, followed by radiation therapy to the primary and regional nodes, followed by 12 (or latterly six) cycles of Cyclophosphamide, Methotrexate, 5‐Fluorouracil and prednisone. Three patients did not complete the protocol because of side effects, one of whom died of sepsis secondary to leukopenia.At the completion of all treatment, twenty of the twenty‐six patients (77%) had obtained complete remission (CR) of local disease which was maintained for up to 42 months. At a median follow‐up of 18 months (range 7 to 42 months), only one patient of those obtaining a CR has relapsed locally, but five have died of metastatic disease, with local control.
Ovarian Cancer: A Comparison of Two Techniques for Postoperative Whole Abdominal Radiotherapy
Authors: FEIGEN MALCOLM 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTMany treatment options are available for patients with advanced ovarian cancer to prevent relapse following surgical resection. All may produce severe side effects and long‐term benefits are controversial.A feasibility study is reported of two techniques for the delivery of whole abdominal radiotherapy in thirty seven consecutive patients. The open field technique appears to be a practical, safe and effective method for suitable patients, requiring a seven week course of irradiation which was half as long as that required for the moving strip technique. Complications were acceptable, mostly transient and reversible, but longer follow‐up is required to assess the effect on survival.
Clinical Trials in High Risk Endometrial Carcinoma and Carcinoma of Cervix Uteri
Authors: BRINDAL ROSEMARY 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTThree new trials utilizing a multi‐disciplinary approach have been initiated by C.O.S.A. on the management of cases of high risk endometrial carcinoma, and early stage but node positive carcinoma of the cervix, and late stage carcinoma of the cervix. In each study a systemic drug is added to the treatment regime in one arm of the trial and in the other arm surgery and/or radiotherapy only are used.Direct cytotoxic effects and/or radiosensitization may result.
Gastroschisis and Omphalocele Prenatal Ultrasonic Detection and its Significance
Authors: OSBORNE JONATHAN 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTGastroschises and omphaloceles are both conditions of extra abdominal gut herniation.An omphalocele presents ultrasonically as an extra‐abdominal mass, with a smooth margin surrounded by an echogenic membrane attaching to the umbilical cord at the apex of the mass. The condition is associated with a relatively high incidence of other congenital abnormalities.A gastroschisis is an extra abdominal mass, with a lobulated edge and without an echogenic layer. The mass is not related to the umbilical cord which lies in a normal position. The condition is relatively free from associated congenital defects.
A Further Contribution to the Knowledge of Mucopolysaccharidosis I H/S Compound. Presentation of Two Cases and Review of the Literature
Authors: COLAVITA N. , ORAZI C. , FILENI A. , LEONE P.C. , RICCI R. , SEGNI G. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe mucopolysaccharidosis I H/S compound syndrome, although included among mucoploy‐saccharidoses, remains imperfectly defined in its biochemical and genetical features. The relatively low number of cases studied and the great phenotypic variability explain why the H/S compound as an autonomous pathological entity is still a much debated subject. The present report deals with the presence of the H/S syndrome in two brothers.The observed features and those reported in the literature were compared in order to assess whether among the possible alterations, subgrouped as cardinal or accessory, at least a few could be considered specific for the diagnosis.However, a careful analysis failed to point out the existence of such a group of signs thus supporting, in the authors' opinion, the hypothesis that the H/S compound represents a continuum of phenotypically worsening conditions that clinically spans from the Scheie syndrome to the Hurler syndrome.The acceptance of the term MPS I (α‐L‐iduronidase deficiency) syndrome is encouraged to encompass such a broad spectrum of phenotypes, which at its most severe is represented by the classic Hurler phenotype and at its mildest, by the Scheie.
Radiographically Visible Calcification in Colloid Carcinoma of the Stomach
Authors: DWYER ROSS T. , PHILLIPS ROBERT L. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTThis paper presents a case report of colloid adenocarcinoma of the stomach with radio‐graphically visible calcification. Previous case reports are reviewed and the unique features of calcification in colloid tumours discussed. A mechanism for calcification in this tumour is proposed in the light of recent advances in the understanding of glycoprotein metabolism.
Dose‐Volume Considerations in Small Field Thoracic Irradiation
Authors: HAMILTON C.S. , EBERL M. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTThis paper examines and compares the isodose distributions in the lungs of a reference man, irradiated with four differing fixed field arrangements using a 4 MeV linear accelerator photon beam. Two 3 field, one 4 field and one 8 field plan were generated on a General Electric RT/Plan computer to cover an arbitrary central thoracic volume of 10 times 5 × 5 cm. The tissue specific NSD equation and a previously published Integral Probability Model for organ complications were applied to each plan, and form the basis for an objective comparison of the lung dose‐volume pattern in each case. The validity of the computer generated lung isodose distributions was checked by exposing x‐ray film and TLD crystals within the appropriate slices of a Rando Phantom Man, to the above field arrangements. Both the NSD equation and the Integral Probability Model suggest that the 8 field plan has a distinct advantage over the others, in small field thoracic irradiation. The limitations of the NSD concept and the integral probability model are discussed in the light of current volume theory.
Metastatic Differentiated Carcinoma of the Thyroid and Radioiodine
Authors: ANDREWS J.T. , McGENNISKEN M.R. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTBetween 1966 and 1984, 15 patients with differentiated distant metastatic thyroid carcinoma were studied and treated with radioiodine. All patients had a partial or total thyroidectomy followed by thyroid ablative radioiodine. Thirteen patients were also treated for their metastases by further radioiodine.Metastases were clinically present initially in seven patients and were detectable in four patients within the first year, two patients in the second year, and the last patient after 11 years.Eight patients died of metastatic disease during the one to 23 year follow up; all within four years of developing metastases. Six patients are still alive, one with predominantly recurrent bony disease still receiving “‘I treatment, the other five have lung metastases which have either regressed (two patients), or stabilized (three patients) with radioiodine treatment.The overall prognosis is grave. Best results with radioiodine are obtained in small pulmonary metastases, but palliation may be obtained when metastases in other organs are present.
Ultrasonography in Acute Upper Abdomen
Authors: KHOSLA ANIL , BERRY M. , MUKHOPADHYAY S. , KAPUR B.M.L. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACT100 patients presenting with acute right upper quadrant pain were examined with plain radiography and gray scale ultrasonography. These findings were correlated with surgical and histopathological findings in the 40 patients who underwent surgery. In the remaining 60 patients, laboratory and clinical data along with other investigations like oral cholecystography (OCG) and percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC) were correlated with the ultrasonographic findings.In the final analysis of 100 patients, 49 patients were found to have gall bladder disease i.e. acute cholecystitis with cholelithiasis if, acute acalculous cholecystitis2, cholecystitis with cholelithiasis21, and cholelithiasis alone12.Amoebic liver abscess was seen in 19 patients, acute pancreatitis in 5 patients and pyonephrosis in 4 patients. Normal abdominal scans indicating no obvious cause for right upper quadrant pain were seen in 23 patients. The value of ultrasonography in defining morphology of the above‐mentioned conditions is discussed.
Conservative Surgery and Radiation Therapy as Treatment for Patients with Early Breast Cancer: Treatment Policy at the Harvard Joint Center for Radiation Therapy
Authors: HARRIS JAY R. , SILVER BARBARA , ROSE MARY ANN , RECHT ABRAM 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTThe combination of conservative surgery and radiation therapy has become a more widely employed treatment approach for patients with early breast cancer. Cooperation between the surgeon, radiologist, pathologist, radiation therapist and medical oncologist is critical in obtaining good results using this approach. In this article, we summarize the treatment policy at the Harvard Joint Center for Radiation Therapy with concentration on treatment techniques and their appropriate application.
Evaluation of Intracardiac and Pericardial Tumours with Computed Tomography
Authors: PUVANESWARY M. , SINGHAM K.T. , YAP SIMON 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThough echocardiography is the standard method in the diagnosis of cardiac tumours computed tomography may demonstrate the presence, location and size of intracardiac tumours and the relationship of the mass to the cardiac chambers and extracardiac extension.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Aortic Aneurysms with 3‐D Image Reconstruction
Authors: VALK PETER E , HALE JAMES D. , CROOKS LAWRENCE E. , KAUFMAN LEON , HIGGINS CHARLES B. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTA programme was written to detect flow in a sequence of MR images and to construct 3‐D vessel maps from the detected flow regions. Reduction in first echo intensity and prolongation of calculated T2 value were used as flow‐detection criteria. The programme was used to image the aorta in 6 patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm and 5 patients with aortic dissection. Results were compared with contrast angiography in 9 cases and X‐ray CT in 2. The images obtained by the two techniques were comparable in 9 cases. In 2 cases of aortic dissection, where flow in the false lumen was slow, the false lumen could not be demonstrated by angiography, but was clearly seen in the reconstructed MR images.
C.T. Findings of Orbital Inflammation in Children
Authors: SILVA M. De , LAM V. , BROADFOOT J. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTIt is difficult to assess clinically the extent of orbital inflammation in children because of the limitations of physical examination. C.T. examination is an ideal modality to assess the extent of involvement.amination is an ideal modality to assess the extent of involvement.The findings at C.T. examinations of sixteen consecutive cases of orbital inflammation admitted to the Royal Alexandra Hospital for Children are reviewed. Evidence of sinus involvement was found in all cases. Four patients had periorbital cellulitis alone and twelve had both periorbital and orbital cellulitis. Subperiosteal abscesses were demonstrated in twelve patients and an orbital abscess in four patients. No evidence of intracranial involvement was seen.
Aorto‐enteric Fistula
Authors: TRAVIS R.C. , WATTIE W.J. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTTwelve aorto‐enteric fistulas are reviewed. The typical presentation is a patient with gastrointestinal bleeding (acute or chronic) and an abdominal aortic graft, often with symptoms of infection. Endoscopy and computed tomography are the most useful preoperative investigations. False aneurysms seen on aortography can be confused with normal suture line irregularity. A nipple projecting from the aneurysm is very suggestive of a fistula, while contrast extravasation is diagnostic, but rarely seen. Barium studies and ultrasound can be helpful.
The Heavenly Twins: Useful Anatomic Landmarks in C.T. and Ultrasound of the Abdomen
Authors: ALBERTYN LYNDA 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYIdentifying the paired, longitudinally‐oriented mesenteric vessels is a useful step in discriminating confusing axially‐oriented structures in the abdomen. The bulk of the pancreas must lie anterior to this mesenteric root plane, while structures posterior to it, even if distended or obstructed, should be distinguishable as either the third part of the duodenum or the left renal vein.ABSTRACTIdentifying the heavenly twins, or the paired, longitudinally‐oriented superior mesenteric vein and artery, is a useful step in discriminating confusing axially‐oriented abdominal structures such as the pancreas, the third part of the duodenum and the left renal vein. The pancreas is the only one of these structures which on anatomic grounds runs anterior to this mesenteric plane.
Biliary Lithiasis in Dar Es Salaam
Authors: NDOSI BETHUEL N. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYBetween January 1978 and December 1983, 232 radiological investigations of the biliary system were performed. Among them were, oral cholecystography (O.C.G.) 177 cases (76.3%), intravenous cholangiography (I.V.C.) 33 cases (14.2%), percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (P.T.C.) 17 cases (7.3%). Others were operative cholangiography (OPG) 2 cases (0.9%) and T‐tube cholangiography 3 cases (1.3%).Of the 232 investigations, 178 (76.7%) were normal. Biliary stones were established in 17 cases (7.3%), of which 7 stones were radiolucent, 5 stones were opaque, while the remaining 5 were unspecified. Other findings include extrahepatic block of the drainage system, congenital anomalies and suspected gall bladder stricture accounted for 37 cases (16%).As in Uganda biliary lithiasis is rare with no sex predeliction.
Thoracolumbar Burst Fractures: Two “New” Plain Film Signs with C.T. Correlation
Authors: WANG SHIH‐CHANG , GRATTAN‐SMITH ANTHONY 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTThe authors describe two “new” signs of fragment retropulsion in burst fractures, seen on the lateral plain radiograph ‐ the “posterior bow” (PB) and the “vanishing line” (VL). Their accuracy for detection of retropulsion compared to CT scanning was retrospectively assessed in 49 patients with significant thoracolumbar injuries. Overall accuracy is good but depends on high standards of radiography and careful interpretation. The major reasons for error were poor plain films and injuries above Til. The signs may be valuable if CT is not available or if the patient's medical status makes scanning difficult. They may be useful for assessing canal size on follow‐up films. In certain instances CT scanning may be unnecessary ‐ if plain films show the exact extent of retropulsion, if a fracture‐dislocation is of the Chance or flexion‐distraction type, and if patients are neurological‐ly intact or completely paraplegic but are clinically stable.
Radiologic Manipulation of Dislodged Tenckhoff Dialysis Catheters
Authors: LIST A.R. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTTenckhoff peritoneal dialysis catheters occasionally become dislodged and are inefficient for dialysis. These can be successfully manipulated under radiologic control with an initial success rate in this series of 88% (15 of 17 manipulations) and a long term success in 9 of 17, or 53%.
Myelographic Correlations of Vascular Anatomy of the Spinal Cord
Authors: GULLIVER DAVID , NOAKES JENNIFER 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACT940 water soluble constrast thoracic myelograms were examined Vascular filling defects in the thoracic subarachnoid space were seen in 54% of patients overall, and in 88% of patients in whom the film quality and contrast density were high. Vascular filling defects were, therefore, concluded to be a normal feature of the thoracic myelogram.On analysis of the characteristics of these vascular patterns, there were no significant age or sex correlates, with the exception that the younger population (0–20 years) was found to have a smaller number of these discrete patterns, they being also less tortuous, of smaller diamter and of shorter length.The majority of vascular filling defects were found to be due to posterior spinal veins. A “hairpin” vascular filling defect in the caudal thoracic subarachnoid space, previously thought to be due to the arteria radicularis magna [artery of Adamkiewicz] was found to be more likely to be due to a posterior radicular vein.The above findings were correlated with dissected anatomical specimens.
The Role of Ultrasound in the Diagnosis of Parenchymal Disease in Transplanted Kidneys
Authors: LOVETT IAN , DOUST BRUCE , ORR NEIL 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACT:The accuracy of ultrasonic diagnosis of parenchymal disease in renal transpiants was deter mined by comparing the ultrasonic diagnosis with the clinical diagnosis in 120 studies on 50 patients. The clinical diagnosis was based on clinical, biochemical and radionuclide studies, and in some cases, biopsy. At the time of the original ultrasound report clinical information was available (biopsy reports were not). All ultrasound studies were subsequently reported in random order without any clinical information and without comparison with previous or subsequent scans.This study suggests that ultrasound with or without clinical information cannot be used as a reliable basis for the diagnosis of parenchymal disease of transplanted kidneys.
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm with Perianeurysmal Fibrosis: Demonstration of Ureteric Obstruction by Computerized Tomography
Authors: GIBSON R. N. , HALLIDAY A. , MANSFIELD A. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACT:When perianeurysmal fibrosis occurs in association with an abdominal aortic aneurysm it may produce ureteric obstruction and renal function impairment. Such a case is described and the pre‐operative radiological evaluation of this condition is discussed. The role of computerized tomography is emphasized in its ability to provide accurate anatomical detail regarding the aneurysm, the extent of surrounding fibrosis and ureteric involvement within it.
Work in Progress Dual Energy CT Estimation of Liver Iron Content in Thalassaemic Children
Authors: LEIGHTON D.M. , de CAMPO J.F. , MATTHEWS R. , SEPHTON R.G. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTThis paper describes our experience in measuring liver iron concentration in 78 thalassaemic children and 17 controls using dual energy computed tomography (CT).The management of transfusional haemachromatosis is by chelation with sub cutaneous desferroxamine. Chelation is an expensive procedure, moreover recent reports suggest that neurotoxicity may result from over treatment. Therapy has usually been monitored by serum ferritin levels ‐ an indirect measure of total body iron of uncertain reliability. Therefore a non invasive accurate measure of liver iron content is desirable.Results show that clinically reliable measurement of liver iron concentration can be made using conventional CT equipment and a technically rigorous, though relatively simple, calibration procedure.
Initial Experience with Technegas —A New Ventilation Agent
Authors: FAWDRY RICHARD M. , GRUENEWALD ARACI SIMON M. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTTechnegas is an ultra‐fine dry dispersion of 99mTc‐labelled carbon with particle size of ap proximately 0.005 μn. Because of this small size, penetration characteristics are gas‐like and Technegas adheres to alveolar walls permitting excellent images of regional ventilation.The experience gained from the initial 150 patients studied is presented. The first 20 patients were examined with both 133Xe and Technegas ventilation scans followed by a perfusion scan.All patients readily accepted the Technegas and even in patients with moderately severe obstructive lung disease, a ventilation scan was possible. The multiple views possible with Technegas gave greater confidence in reporting, as ventilation and perfusion abnormalities could be directly compared in the same projections.
Cranio‐Metaphyseal Dysplasia (Report of 3 cases ‐ two infants and one adult)
Authors: COLAVITA N. , KOZLOWSKI K. , SPRAGUE P. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYTwo infants were investigated because of facial nerve palsy. Clinical examination suggested the diagnosis of cranio‐metaphyseal dysplasia and radiographic examination was typical of this.The mother of one of the infants was affected along with three relatives.This bone dysplasia is characterised by sclerosis of the skull and abnormal modelling of the long bones often heralded by neurological complication. The radiographic features are typical.
C.T. Measurement of Spinal Mineral —Initial Australian Experience using the U.C.S.F. Phantom
Authors: ALCOCK M. K. , TUCKER W. G. , HIGGINS B. A. , WEST G. , ESTERMAN A. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTOsteoporosis is a common condition with a high morbidity and a significant mortality. Treatment of its complications is expensive.Quantitative C.T. (Q.C.T.) is a precise, ac curate and sensitive technique for initially diagnosing osteoporosis and subsequently for monitoring the efficacy of treatment regimes in serial studies.With only minor modifications most modern commercially available C.T. scanners can be used for QCT measurements of spinal mineral.
Contrast Agents — State of the Art
Authors: DAWSON PETER 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTThe osrnolality and chemotoxicity aspects of contrast agents are reviewed. The next stop in contrast agent development, non‐ionic dimers, is indicated. A mechanism for chemotoxicity is suggested involving the iodine atoms.The mechanisms possibly involved in major adverse reactions are outlined and it is suggested that new contrast agents should be safer. The cost implications are discussed. Nephrotoxicity is briefly examined and it is shown that dehydration for intravenous urography. which is a risk factor for renal injury, is ineffective and unnecessary. Finally, a rarely discussed form of toxicity. namely contrast enhanced tissue radiation injury, is discussed.