bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transmission electron microscopy reveals the presence of SARS‐CoV‐2 in human spermatozoa associated with an ETosis‐like response
Authors: Hallak Jorge , Caldini Elia G. , Teixeira Thiago A. , Correa Maria Cassia Mendes , Duarte‐Neto Amaro N. , Zambrano Fabiola , Taubert Anja , Hermosilla Carlos , Drevet Joël R. , Dolhnikoff Marisa , Sanchez Raul , Saldiva Paulo H. N. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundSevere acute syndrome coronavirus 2 can invade a variety of tissues, including the testis. Even though this virus is scarcely found in human semen polymerase chain reaction tests, autopsy studies confirm the viral presence in all testicular cell types, including spermatozoa and spermatids.ObjectiveTo investigate whether the severe acute syndrome coronavirus 2 is present inside the spermatozoa of negative polymerase chain reaction‐infected men up to 3 months after hospital discharge.Materials and methodsThis cross‐sectional study included 13 confirmed moderate‐to‐severe COVID‐19 patients enrolled 30–90 days after the diagnosis. Semen samples were obtained and examined with real‐time polymerase chain reaction for RNA detection and by transmission electron microscopy.ResultsIn moderate‐to‐severe clinical scenarios, we identified the severe acute syndrome coronavirus 2 inside spermatozoa in nine of 13 patients up to 90 days after discharge from the hospital. Moreover, some DNA‐based extracellular traps were reported in all studied specimens.Discussion and conclusionAlthough severe acute syndrome coronavirus 2 was not present in the infected men's semen, it was intracellularly present in the spermatozoa till 3 months after hospital discharge. The Electron microscopy (EM) findings also suggest that spermatozoa produce nuclear DNA‐based extracellular traps, probably in a cell‐free DNA‐dependent manner, similar to those previously described in the systemic inflammatory response to COVID‐19. In moderate‐to‐severe cases, the blood–testes barrier grants little defence against different pathogenic viruses, including the severe acute syndrome coronavirus 2. The virus could also use the epididymis as a post‐testicular route to bind and fuse to the mature spermatozoon and possibly accomplish the reverse transcription of the single‐stranded viral RNA into proviral DNA. These mechanisms can elicit extracellular cell‐free DNA formation. The potential implications of our findings for assisted conception must be addressed, and the evolutionary history of DNA‐based extracellular traps as preserved ammunition in animals’ innate defence might improve our understanding of the severe acute syndrome coronavirus 2 pathophysiology in the testis and spermatozoa.
The effects of intravenous hydration regimens in nulliparous women undergoing induction of labor: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Kearney Lauren , Brady Susannah , Marsh Nicole , Davies‐Tuck Miranda , Nugent Rachael , Eley Victoria 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIntroductionLabor is both a physiological and physical activity that requires energy expenditure by the woman. Despite this, women are often fasted in labor, with hydration requirements addressed predominantly by intravenous therapy. Little is known about how best to manage this in nulliparous women undergoing induction of labor, who can be prone to lengthy labors. Therefore, we undertook a systematic review and meta‐analysis to determine the effects of intravenous hydration regimens on nulliparous women undergoing induction of labor.Material and methodsA systematic review and meta‐analysis were conducted. Databases searched were PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, Cochrane, Scopus, and Web of Science using the search strategy combination of associated key concepts for intravenous therapy and nulliparous laboring women. The primary outcome was excessive neonatal weight loss. Meta‐analyses for categorical outcomes included estimates of odds ratio (OR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) calculated; and for continuous outcomes the standardized mean difference, each with its 95% CI. Heterogeneity was assessed visually and by using the χ2 statistic and I2 with significance being set at p < 0.10.ResultsA total of 1512 studies were located and following screening, three studies met the eligibility criteria. No studies reported excessive neonatal weight loss. Increased rates of intravenous therapy (250 mL/h vs. 125 mL/h) during labor were not found to reduce the overall length of labor (mean difference −0.07 h, 95% CI −0.27 to 0.13 h) or reduce cesarean sections (OR 0.74, 95% CI 0.45–1.23), when women were not routinely fasted.ConclusionsOur review found no significant improvements for nulliparous women who received higher intravenous fluid volumes when undergoing induction of labor and were not routinely fasted. However, data are limited, and further research is needed.
Ethnic background as a risk factor for permanent brachial plexus birth injury: A population‐based study
Authors: Grahn Petra , Gissler Mika , Nietosvaara Yrjänä , Kaijomaa Marja 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIntroductionBrachial plexus birth injury is the most common birth injury causing permanent disability in Finland. This study aimed to assess risk factors of a permanent brachial plexus birth injury and calculate the incidence.Material and methodsThis is a retrospective population‐based study including all deliveries between 2006 and 2022 in Southern Finland. The number of children born, obstetric data, and migrant status were gathered from the registries of the Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, and Statistics Finland. Race of the mothers of children with a permanent brachial plexus birth injury was recorded. The severity of permanent brachial plexus birth injury was assessed using the 3‐month Toronto test score. A lower score was indicative of a more severe injury (scored 0–10).ResultsOne hundred of the 298 428 children born during the 17‐year study period sustained a permanent brachial plexus birth injury (0.34 per 1000). Mothers of children with a permanent brachial plexus birth injury had a higher body mass index (29 vs. 24 kg/m2) and their pregnancies were more often complicated by diabetes (28% vs. 12%), shoulder dystocia (58% vs. 0.3%), and/or assisted deliveries (45% vs. 10%) compared with all other mothers (p < 0.001). Thirty two of the 52 725 children born to migrant mothers had a permanent brachial plexus birth injury (0.61 per 1000). The incidence of permanent brachial plexus birth injury was 5.7 times higher among children of Black migrants from Africa (18/11 738, 1.53 per 1000) compared with children of native mothers (0.27 per 1000). Black mothers had a higher body mass index at the start of pregnancy (29 vs. 26 kg/m2, p = 0.02) compared with Caucasians. Children of Black mothers had a more severe injury compared with all others (p = 0.007) with a mean 3‐month Toronto test score of 4.2 (range 0.0–6.5, SD ±1.6) vs. 5.6 (range 0.0–9.3, SD ±2.2).ConclusionsShoulder dystocia and assisted delivery are the most important risk factors for a permanent brachial plexus birth injury. Black race was associated with a higher rate and a more severe permanent brachial plexus birth injury.
The impact of COVID‐19 on emergency department presentations for mental health disorders in Queensland, Australia: A time series analysis
Authors: Jones Philip M. , Sweeny Amy , Branjerdporn Grace , Keijzers Gerben , Marshall Andrea P. , Huang Ya‐Ling , Hall Emma J. , Ranse Jamie , Palipana Dinesh , Teng Yang D. , Crilly Julia ,   the COVERED COVID study investigators
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe COVID‐19 pandemic has been associated with detrimental effects on mental health and psychological well‐being. Although multiple studies have shown decreases in mental health‐related Emergency Department (ED) presentations early in the COVID‐19 pandemic, the medium‐term effects on mental health‐related ED presentations have remained less clear. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the pandemic on mental health ED presentations by comparing observed presentation numbers to predictions from pre‐pandemic data.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study tallied weekly ED presentations associated with mental health disorders from a state‐wide minimum dataset. Three time periods were identified: Pre‐Pandemic (January 1, 2018–March 8, 2020), Statewide Lockdown (March 9, 2020–June 28, 2020), and Restrictions Easing (June 29, 2020–June 27, 2021). Time series analysis was used to generate weekly presentation forecasts using pre‐pandemic data. Observed presentation numbers were compared to these forecasts.ResultsWeekly presentation numbers were lower than predicted in 11 out of 16 weeks in the Statewide Lockdown period and 52 out of 52 weeks in the Restrictions Easing period. The largest decrease was seen for anxiety disorders (Statewide Lockdown: 76.8% of forecast; Restrictions Easing: 36.4% of forecast), while an increase was seen in presentations for eating disorders (Statewide Lockdown: 139.5% of forecast; Restrictions Easing: 194.4% of forecast).ConclusionsOverall weekly mental health‐related presentations across Queensland public EDs were lower than expected for the first 16 months of the COVID‐19 pandemic. These findings underline the limitations of emergency department provision of mental health care and the importance of alternate care modalities in the pandemic context.
Job quality in worker cooperatives: Beyond degeneration and intrinsic rewards
Authors: Dorigatti Lisa , Iannuzzi Francesco E. , Piro Valeria , Sacchetto Devi 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWhile there are normally positive expectations concerning job quality in cooperatives, many studies have described a more complex picture. The extant literature has, however, found it difficult to deal with evidence of poor working conditions in these organisations. Some contributions downplay the relevance of this issue, arguing that poor extrinsic aspects of job quality are compensated by intrinsic rewards, as confirmed by higher levels of job satisfaction. Others focus on external market pressure and interpret bad labour conditions as a form of degeneration of originally good employment practices. Through a qualitative analysis of job quality in cooperatives in three sectors of the Italian economy (social services, hotel cleaning and meat processing), we advance a different argument: we contend that employment practices associated with poor job quality are not the result of difficult market conditions but are rather the key explanation for the quantitative expansion of this form of economic organisation, which has moved from being an instrument for promoting good employment to a way of ensuring lower labour costs and higher flexibility within outsourcing relationships.
Learning curve for intracorporeal robotic Padua ileal bladder: 10‐year functional assessment from a high‐volume single‐centre series
Authors: Tuderti Gabriele , Mastroianni Riccardo , Anceschi Umberto , Bove Alfredo Maria , Brassetti Aldo , Ferriero Mariaconsiglia , Misuraca Leonardo , Flammia Rocco Simone , Proietti Flavia , D'Annunzio Simone , Leonardo Costantino , Guaglianone Salvatore , Anselmi Marianna , Zampa Ashanti , Torregiani Giulia , Gallucci Michele , Simone Giuseppe 
Published: March 2024

ObjectivesTo assess the impact of the learning curve (LC) on perioperative and long‐term functional outcomes of a consecutive single‐centre series of robot‐assisted radical cystectomy with Padua intracorporeal orthotopic neobladder.Patients and MethodsPatients treated between 2013 and 2022 were included, with ≥1 year of follow‐up. The entire cohort was divided in tertiles. Categorical and continuous variables were compared. Joinpoint regression analysis was used to identify significant changes over the decade in linear slope of the 1‐year day‐ and night‐time continence. Uni‐ and multivariable Cox regression analyses identified predictors of day‐ and night‐time continence recovery. Day‐time continence was defined as ‘totally dry’ (no pads), night‐time continence as pad wetness ≤50 mL (one safety pad).ResultsOverall, 200 patients were included. The mean hospital stay (P = 0.002) and 30‐day complications (P = 0.04) significantly reduced over time; the LC significantly impacted on Trifecta achievement (P < 0.001). The 1‐year day‐ and night‐time continence probabilities displayed a significant improving trend (day‐time continence annual average percentage change [AAPC] 11.45%, P < 0.001; night‐time continence AAPC 10.05%, P = 0.009). The LC was an independent predictor of day‐ (hazard ratio [HR] 1.008; P < 0.001) and night‐time continence (HR 1.004; P = 0.03) over time.ConclusionPatients at the beginning of the LC had significantly longer hospitalisations, more postoperative complications, and lower Trifecta rates. At the 10‐year analyses, we observed a significant improving trend for both the 1‐year day‐ and night‐time continence probabilities, highlighting the crucial role of the LC. However, we are unable to assess the case volume needed to achieve a plateau in terms of day‐ and night‐time continence rates.
Efficacy and safety of tibial nerve stimulation using a wearable device for overactive bladder
Authors: Liao Limin , Li Xing , Chong Tie , Chen Qi , Xu Zhihui , Huang Banggao , Chen Min , Li Haoran , Wei Zhongqing , Shao Yunpeng , Lu Jianxin , Pang Ran , Li Xunhua , Wang Yiming 
Published: March 2024

ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of a wearable, smartphone‐controlled, rechargeable transcutaneous tibial nerve stimulation (TTNS) device in patients with overactive bladder (OAB).Patients and MethodsThis multicentre, prospective, single‐blind, randomised clinical trial included eligible patients with OAB symptoms who were randomly assigned to the stimulation group or sham group. The primary efficacy outcome was change from baseline in voiding frequency/24 h after 4 weeks of treatment. The secondary efficacy outcomes included changes in bladder diary outcomes (urgency score/void, nocturia episodes/day, micturition volume/void, and incontinence episodes/day), questionnaires on Overactive Bladder Symptom Score (OABSS), Patient Perception of Bladder Condition (PPBC), and American Urological Association Symptom Index Quality of Life Score (AUA‐SI‐QoL) at baseline and after 4 weeks of treatment. Device‐related adverse events (AEs) were also evaluated.ResultsIn the full analysis set (FAS), the mean (sd) change of voiding frequency/24 h in the stimulation group and sham group at 4 weeks were −3.5 (2.9) and −0.6 (2.4), respectively (P < 0.01). Similar results were obtained in the per‐protocol set (PPS): −3.5 (2.9) vs −0.4 (2.3) (P < 0.01). In the FAS and PPS, micturition volume/void significantly improved at 4 weeks (P = 0.01 and P = 0.02). PPBC improvement almost reached significance in the FAS (P = 0.05), while it was significant in the PPS (P = 0.02). In the FAS and PPS, AUA‐SI‐QoL significantly improved at 4 weeks in the two groups (P < 0.01 and P < 0.01), whereas there were no significant differences in urgency score/void, nocturia episodes/day or OABSS between the groups. Also, no device‐related serious AEs were reported.ConclusionsThe non‐invasive neuromodulation technique using the novel ambulatory TTNS device is effective and safe for treating OAB. Its convenience and easy maintenance make it a new potential home‐based treatment modality. Future studies are warranted to confirm its longer‐term efficacy.
Hasta la Raiz: Cultivating racial‐ethnic socialization in Latine families
Authors: Perez‐Brena Norma J. , Bámaca Mayra Y. , Stein Gabriela Livas , Gomez Elisa 
Published: March 2024

AbstractFamilial racial‐ethnic socialization (RES) helps youth build tools of cultural resilience by providing messages regarding race and ethnicity that enable them to negotiate and survive the demands of a racialized society. Thus, RES is an important caregiving task for historically minoritized families, including Latine families in the United States. In this article, we review research on RES in Latine families, which has focused primarily on RES processes in middle childhood to adolescence, to provide an evidence‐informed conceptual model delineating the youth, parental, dyadic/familial, and sociohistorical factors that shape how Latine families engage in RES. We argue that it is important to focus on which RES messages are provided, how families provide these messages, and the concomitant family processes that support RES efforts that result in culturally adaptive outcomes. We also review research on this topic to identify where evidence supports the role of these factors in the delivery of RES and to identify new directions for research and intervention.
Prolactin effects on the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus
Authors: Scairati Roberta , Auriemma Renata Simona , Del Vecchio Guendalina , Di Meglio Sara , Pivonello Rosario , Colao Annamaria 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundProlactin (PRL) is a pituitary hormone promoting lactation in response to the suckling reflex. Beyond its well‐known effects, novel tissue‐specific and metabolic functions of PRL are emerging.AimsTo dissect PRL as a critical mediator of whole‐body gluco‐insulinemic sensitivity.MethodsPubMed‐based search with the following terms ‘prolactin’, ‘glucose metabolism’, ‘type 2 diabetes mellitus’, ‘type 1 diabetes mellitus’, ‘gestational diabetes mellitus’ was performed.DiscussionThe identification of the PRL‐glucose metabolism network poses the basis for unprecedented avenues of research in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus type 1 or 2, as well as of gestational diabetes. In this regard, it is of timely relevance to define properly the homeostatic PRL serum levels since glucose metabolism could be influenced by the circulating amount of the hormone.ResultsThis review underscores the basic mechanisms of regulation of pancreatic β‐cell functions by PRL and provides a revision of articles which have investigated the connection between PRL unbalancing and diabetes mellitus. Future studies are needed to elucidate the burden and the role of PRL in the regulation of glucose metabolism and determine the specific PRL threshold that may impact the management of diabetes.ConclusionA careful evaluation and context‐driven interpretation of PRL levels (e.g., pregnancy, PRL‐secreting pituitary adenomas, drug‐related hyper‐ and hypoprolactinemia) could be critical for the correct screening and management of glucometabolic disorders, such as type 1 or 2 as well as gestational diabetes mellitus.
Effect of levodopa on pathological gait in Dravet syndrome: A randomized crossover trial using three‐dimensional gait analysis
Authors: Suzuki Takeshi , Natsume Jun , Ito Yuji , Ito Tadashi , Noritake Koji , Kinoshita Fumie , Fukasawa Tatsuya , Tsuji Takeshi , Itomi Kazuya , Kurahashi Hirokazu , Kubota Kazuo , Okanishi Tohru , Saitoh Shinji , Sugiura Hideshi , Watanabe Hirohisa , Takahashi Yoshiyuki , Kidokoro Hiroyuki 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectiveIndividuals with Dravet syndrome (DS) exhibit progressive gait disturbance. No quantitative studies have been conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of medication for gait disturbance. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of levodopa for pathological gait in people with DS using three‐dimensional gait analysis (3DGA).MethodsNine individuals with DS, ages 6–20 years, participated in a crossover study of levodopa and were randomly assigned to the levodopa precedence or no levodopa precedence group. Levodopa/carbidopa hydrate was prescribed at a dose of 5 mg/kg/day (body weight <60 kg) or 300 mg/day (body weight ≥60 kg). The medication was taken for 4–6 weeks (4‐week washout period). 3DGA was performed three times before the study, with and without levodopa. A mixed‐effects model was used to evaluate the effectiveness of levodopa. The primary outcome was the change in the Gait Deviation Index (GDI). In addition, spatiotemporal gait parameters, 6‐minute walking distance (6MD), and balance were evaluated. The correlation between the effectiveness of levodopa and age or gait performance before starting levodopa was analyzed.ResultsLevodopa improved the GDI by 4.2 points, (p = .029), 6MD by 52 m (p = .002), and balance test result by 4.1 mm (p = .011) in participants with DS. No severe adverse events were observed, with the exception of one participant, who exhibited fever and consequently stopped taking levodopa. Levodopa was more effective in younger participants with a higher baseline gait performance.SignificanceOur randomized crossover trial showed that levodopa has the potential to improve gait disturbance in people with DS.
Association of midazolam route of administration and need for recurrent dosing among children with seizures cared for by emergency medical services
Authors: Ramgopal Sriram , Owusu‐Ansah Sylvia , Crowe Remle P. , Okubo Masashi , Martin‐Gill Christian 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectiveNational guidelines in the United States recommend the intramuscular and intranasal routes for midazolam for the management of seizures in the prehospital setting. We evaluated the association of route of midazolam administration with the use of additional benzodiazepine doses for children with seizures cared for by emergency medical services (EMS).MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study from a US multiagency EMS dataset for the years 2018–2022, including children transported to the hospital with a clinician impression of seizures, convulsions, or status epilepticus, and who received an initial correct weight‐based dose of midazolam (.2 mg/kg intramuscular, .1 mg/kg intravenous, .2 mg/kg intranasal). We evaluated the association of route of initial midazolam administration with provision of additional benzodiazepine dose in logistic regression models adjusted for age, vital signs, pulse oximetry, level of consciousness, and time spent with the patient.ResultsWe included 2923 encounters with patients who received an appropriate weight‐based dose of midazolam for seizures (46.3% intramuscular, 21.8% intranasal, 31.9% intravenous). The median time to the first dose of midazolam from EMS arrival was similar between children who received intramuscular (7.3 min, interquartile range [IQR] = 4.6–12.5) and intranasal midazolam (7.8 min, IQR = 4.5–13.4) and longer for intravenous midazolam (13.1 min, IQR = 8.2–19.4). At least one additional dose of midazolam was given to 21.4%. In multivariable models, intranasal midazolam was associated with higher odds (odds ratio [OR] = 1.39, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.10–1.76) and intravenous midazolam was associated with similar odds (OR = 1.00, 95% CI = .80–1.26) of requiring additional doses of benzodiazepines relative to intramuscular midazolam.SignificanceIntranasal midazolam was associated with greater odds of repeated benzodiazepine dosing relative to initial intramuscular administration, but confounding factors could have affected this finding. Further study of the dosing and/or the prioritization of the intranasal route for pediatric seizures by EMS clinicians is warranted.