bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intraoperative Colloid Use on Post-operative Renal Function
Authors: Chen Jacqueline , Ma Zhengmin , Peng Ke , Ji Fuhai , Shirakawa Nicole Keiko 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Purpose of Review
This review summarizes the most recent literature on the association between intraoperative colloid administration and its effect on post-operative renal function.

Recent Findings
It appears albumin decreases the incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI); however, meta-analysis studies show an increased need for post-operative renal replacement therapy. There was moderate certainty that early starches increased the need for renal replacement therapy; however, it appears newer starches have a better safety profile. Gelatins do not appear to contribute to renal dysfunction, despite a study showing a statistically insignificant higher incidence of moderate AKI. Studies involving dextran suggest better renal outcomes when used as a priming solution for cardiopulmonary bypass.

Summary
Albumin administration remains controversial with conflicting studies. While earlier starch products have been associated with renal dysfunction, further studies should be done on newer starches. There are limited studies for gelatins and dextran, suggesting possible renal-sparing effects.
Consumption and Liquidity Shocks
Authors: Acconcia Antonio , Chinetti Simone , Jappelli Tullio 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWe study the response of consumption to anticipated and unanticipated liquidity gains using information on gifts (occasional and recurrent) and severance pay from the Italian Household Income and Wealth survey. Consistent with standard intertemporal consumption models, we find that unanticipated income shocks affect nondurable consumption while anticipated shocks have no effect. In the former case, the marginal propensity to consume is estimated to be around 7%. We find also that this consumption response is stronger for poor households (around 10%) and negligible for rich ones.
Insights into Nano- and Micro-Structured Scaffolds for Advanced Electrochemical Energy Storage
Authors: Qiu Jiajia , Duan Yu , Li Shaoyuan , Zhao Huaping , Ma Wenhui , Shi Weidong , Lei Yong 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAdopting a nano- and micro-structuring approach to fully unleashing the genuine potential of electrode active material benefits in-depth understandings and research progress toward higher energy density electrochemical energy storage devices at all technology readiness levels. Due to various challenging issues, especially limited stability, nano- and micro-structured (NMS) electrodes undergo fast electrochemical performance degradation. The emerging NMS scaffold design is a pivotal aspect of many electrodes as it endows them with both robustness and electrochemical performance enhancement, even though it only occupies complementary and facilitating components for the main mechanism. However, extensive efforts are urgently needed toward optimizing the stereoscopic geometrical design of NMS scaffolds to minimize the volume ratio and maximize their functionality to fulfill the ever-increasing dependency and desire for energy power source supplies. This review will aim at highlighting these NMS scaffold design strategies, summarizing their corresponding strengths and challenges, and thereby outlining the potential solutions to resolve these challenges, design principles, and key perspectives for future research in this field. Therefore, this review will be one of the earliest reviews from this viewpoint.
The Education Leadership Challenges for Universities in a Postdigital Age
Authors: Ellis Robert A. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe executive leadership of universities internationally faces significant uncertainty in how to respond to ongoing technological innovation in a postdigital age. The current rapid progress in generative artificial intelligence (GAI) is exacerbating their plight. This study uses emergent research on GAI in learning and teaching to problematise the challenges of university education leadership in the face of such disturbances to core academic work. Considering the benefits and risks associated with the design of GAI, its inclusion in learning and teaching, and how it is reconfiguring the design of degree programmes and the strategies of local leaders providing support services through university organisational structures, this paper offers a principled ecosystemic approach to leadership that considers key elements for effective strategy implementation. The interrelatedness of strategy, governance, policy, management, and investment are discussed and a way forward for effective education leadership in a context of uncertainty is offered.
Conflicts up in the air: cabin crew resistance in Argentina and Portugal through the lens of the body
Authors: Cufré Sara , Engelhardt Anne 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWe reflect upon labour conflicts over changes in the flagship airlines in Argentina and Portugal through the lens of the body. In our qualitative, empirical study we refer to these changes as part of a global tendency in the civil aviation sector to intensify the workload and undermine occupational health and safety standards. Defining this as “Ryanairisation”, we argue that the flagship airlines are pushed towards a neoliberal labour model. Via an embedded and relational comparison, we want to highlight labour conflicts in transnational corporations as a relevant sub-discipline of peace and conflict studies along two research questions: Firstly, what corporal impact does Ryanairisation have on cabin crew workers in Argentina (Aerolíneas Argentinas) and Portugal (TAP) during the first stages of renationalisation processes? Secondly, how do cabin crew workers resist the impact at the scale of their bodies? To answer both questions, we combine concepts from Social Reproduction Theory (SRT) and materialist state theory. Despite increasing salaries and improving general working conditions in both countries, we see how nationalised companies relied on the intensification of labour and are pushing workers’ very physical and mental boundaries. We aim to highlight less visible conflicts at workplaces, a) at a rather individual level, b) hybrid collaborative workplace action, and c) organised in trade unions via open confrontations. Workers address the encroachment on their boundaries in diverse ways, from individual to organised forms of resistance. We examine how this also became relevant in the aftermath of the Covid-19 pandemic.
AI hype as a cyber security risk: the moral responsibility of implementing generative AI in business
Authors: Humphreys Declan , Koay Abigail , Desmond Dennis , Mealy Erica 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis paper examines the ethical obligations companies have when implementing generative Artificial Intelligence (AI). We point to the potential cyber security risks companies are exposed to when rushing to adopt generative AI solutions or buying into “AI hype”. While the benefits of implementing generative AI solutions for business have been widely touted, the inherent risks associated have been less well publicised. There are growing concerns that the race to integrate generative AI is not being accompanied by adequate safety measures. The rush to buy into the hype of generative AI and not fall behind the competition is potentially exposing companies to broad and possibly catastrophic cyber-attacks or breaches. In this paper, we outline significant cyber security threats generative AI models pose, including potential ‘backdoors’ in AI models that could compromise user data or the risk of ‘poisoned’ AI models producing false results. In light of these the cyber security concerns, we discuss the moral obligations of implementing generative AI into business by considering the ethical principles of beneficence, non-maleficence, autonomy, justice, and explicability. We identify two examples of ethical concern, overreliance and over-trust in generative AI, both of which can negatively influence business decisions, leaving companies vulnerable to cyber security threats. This paper concludes by recommending a set of checklists for ethical implementation of generative AI in business environment to minimise cyber security risk based on the discussed moral responsibilities and ethical concern.
A systematic review of binge drinking interventions and bias assessment among college students and young adults in high-income countries
Authors: Bonsu Laurencia , Kumra Priyambda , Awan Asma , Sharma Manoj 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Alcohol is the number one substance used by young people and people of college age. Binge drinking (BD) in this age group is considered one of the most important global health issues, as much harm accrues from it and even lives are lost. This study aimed to review the interventions to curb BD or encourage responsible drinking among college students and young adults. MEDLINE (PubMed), ERIC and APA PsycINFO were searched. The selected articles were published in English and had to evaluate a BD reduction program through a randomized control trial (RCT) among college students or young adults between the ages of 17–24 years. The exclusion criteria included research not published in English, systematic review articles, qualitative studies, designs other than RCTs and discussion articles on college students drinking with no findings. The three reviewers independently screened and extracted the data using the PRISMA guidelines. The overall quality of the studies was assessed. Then, 10 of the 12 interventions studied were found to be successful in reducing BD among college students, though the effect sizes were small to medium. A minority of the studies used behavior change theories. Effective interventions for reducing BD among college students and young adults should include robust behavior change theories, longer follow-up time and the operationalization of multiple outcomes. Process evaluation is needed to be conducted in these studies.
Disinfection of central venous access device needleless connectors: A human factors analysis
Authors: Drews Frank A. , Martinello Richard A. , Hebden Joan N. , St. John Keith H. , Pegues David A. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractObjective:Evidence-based central-line–associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) prevention guidelines recommend the use of an antiseptic scrub to disinfect needleless connectors before device access. Guideline noncompliance may render disinfection ineffective. The goal of this study was to observe needleless-connector disinfection practices and to identify perceived facilitators and barriers to best practices of needleless-connector access.Methods:A human factors mixed-methods study involving nursing focus groups of perceived barriers and facilitators and clinical observations of compliance with instructions and protocols for use of 3.15% chlorhexidine gluconate/70% isopropyl alcohol (CHG/IPA) and 70% isopropyl alcohol (IPA) antisepsis products for central venous access device (CVAD) needleless-connector disinfection was conducted in intensive care units (ICUs) at 2 academic medical centers.Results:Access to the antiseptic product and lesser workload were identified as best-practice facilitators. Barriers were the time required per needleless-connector access and knowledge deficits. Of the 48 observed access events, 77% resulted in needleless-connector disinfection. The observed mean needleless-connector scrubbing times when using IPA were substantially below the recommended time. Drying time after product use was negligible.Conclusions:Lack of access to the disinfection product, emergency situations, and high workload were barriers to needleless-connector disinfection. Observed scrubbing and drying times were shorter than recommended, especially for IPA wipes. These needleless-connector disinfection deficits may increase the risk of CLABSI. Ongoing education and periodic competency evaluation of needleless-connector disinfection, improvement of supply management, and staffing workload are required to imbed and sustain best practices. Further study involving a larger sample size in diverse patient populations is warranted.
Connectivity of random graphs after centrality-based vertex removal
Authors: van der Hofstad Remco , Pandey Manish 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCentrality measures aim to indicate who is important in a network. Various notions of ‘being important’ give rise to different centrality measures. In this paper, we study how important the central vertices are for the connectivity structure of the network, by investigating how the removal of the most central vertices affects the number of connected components and the size of the giant component. We use local convergence techniques to identify the limiting number of connected components for locally converging graphs and centrality measures that depend on the vertex’s neighbourhood. For the size of the giant, we prove a general upper bound. For the matching lower bound, we specialise to the case of degree centrality on one of the most popular models in network science, the configuration model, for which we show that removal of the highest-degree vertices destroys the giant most.
A CALCULATION OF THE PERFECTOIDIZATION OF SEMIPERFECTOID RINGS
Authors: ISHIZUKA RYO 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWe show that perfectoidization can be (almost) calculated by using p-root closure in certain cases, including the semiperfectoid case. To do this, we focus on the universality of perfectoidizations and uniform completions, as well as the p-root closed property of integral perfectoid rings. Through this calculation, we establish a connection between a classical closure operation “p-root closure” used by Roberts in mixed characteristic commutative algebra and a more recent concept of “perfectoidization” introduced by Bhatt and Scholze in their theory of prismatic cohomology.
Virtual care during COVID-19: The perspectives of older adults and their healthcare providers in a cardiac rehabilitation setting
Authors: Flores-Sandoval Cecilia , Sibbald Shannon L. , Ryan Bridget L. , Adams Tracey L. , Suskin Neville , McKelvie Robert , Elliott Jacobi , Orange Joseph B. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe present study aimed to explore the perspectives of older adults and health providers on cardiac rehabilitation care provided virtually during COVID-19. A qualitative exploratory methodology was used. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 older adults and 6 healthcare providers. Five themes emerged from the data: (1) Lack of emotional intimacy when receiving virtual care, (2) Inadequacy of virtual platforms, (3) Saving time with virtual care, (4) Virtual care facilitated accessibility, and (5) Loss of connections with patients and colleagues. Given that virtual care continues to be implemented, and in some instances touted as an optimal option for the delivery of cardiac rehabilitation, it is critical to address the needs of older adults living with cardiovascular disease and their healthcare providers. This is particularly crucial related to issues accessing and using technology, as well as older adults’ need to build trust and emotional connection with their providers.
Cognitive Enhancement as Transformative Experience: The Challenge of Wrapping One’s Mind Around Enhanced Cognition via Neurostimulation
Authors: Tubig Paul A. , Klein Eran 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn this paper, the authors explore the question of whether cognitive enhancement via direct neurostimulation, such as through deep brain stimulation, could be reasonably characterized as a form of transformative experience. This question is inspired by a qualitative study being conducted with people at risk of developing dementia and in intimate relationships with people living with dementia (PLWD). They apply L.A. Paul’s work on transformative experience to the question of cognitive enhancement and explore potential limitations on the kind of claims that can legitimately be made about individual well-being and flourishing, as well as limit the kind of empirical work—including the authors’ own—that can hope to enlighten ethical discourse. In this paper, the authors advance the following theses: (1) it is sometimes reasonable to characterize cognitive enhancement as a transformative experience; (2) the testimonies of people intimately acquainted with dementia may still be relevant to evaluating cognitive enhancement even though cognitive enhancement may be a transformative experience; and (3) qualitative studies may still be useful in the ethical analysis of cognitive enhancement, but special attention may need to be given to how these are conducted and what kind of insights can be drawn from them.
Trace Element Partitioning Between Saline Aqueous Fluids and Subducted Metasediments, and the Origin of the “Sediment Fingerprint” in Arc Magmas
Authors: Putak Juriček M. , Audétat A. , Keppler H. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIsotopic and elemental signatures in arc magmas bear similarities to marine sediments from the forearc. Partial melts of subducted sediments were previously invoked as the predominant carrier of material between the slab and mantle wedge, whereas aqueous fluids were deemed too inefficient at mobilizing trace elements to account for arc magma compositions. However, trace element solubility in aqueous fluids may be significantly affected by the formation of chloride complexes. We introduced NaCl into the sediment‐H2O system, and re‐investigated trace element partitioning between aqueous fluids and metasediments in a series of piston cylinder experiments at 2.5–4.5 GPa and 600–700°C. The diamond trap method was employed to separate the fluids, which were analyzed in the frozen state. Trace element compositions of fluids and all solid phases were obtained by LA‐ICP‐MS. We combined our data with published literature to demonstrate that saline fluids and sediment melts have a comparable efficiency in extracting incompatible elements from subducted sediments, producing similar element fractionation during mobile phase expulsion. Accessory phases such as allanite may only be stable in particularly Rare Earth Elements‐enriched lithologies. The Sr, Pb and Nd isotopic signatures of arc magma suggest that the mantle wedge is infiltrated by mobile phases derived from both the sediment and basalt sections of the subducted oceanic crust. Up to several percent of either sediment‐derived saline fluid or melt can account for the isotopic and elemental compositions of most arc magma. Geochemical similarities between arc magma and forearc sediments are not necessarily evidence of slab melting.
Variations in Subsidence Patterns in the Gulf of Mexico Passive Margin From Airborne‐LiDAR Data and Time Series InSAR: Baton Rouge Case Study
Authors: Hurtado‐Pulido Carolina , Amer Reda , Ebinger Cynthia , Holcomb Hayden 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe Coast of Louisiana is affected by accelerating sea level rise compounded by land subsidence, leading to land loss. Vertical crustal motions in the region are caused by natural and anthropogenic processes that vary temporally and spatially across the Gulf of Mexico. We investigate the role of growth faulting contributions to subsidence in a case study of Baton Rouge, where two E‐W striking, down‐to‐the‐south normal faults, the Denham Springs and Baton Rouge faults, cut compacted Pleistocene strata, and where sediment compaction should be minimal. We used InSAR time series and LiDAR differencing data spanning 1999–2020 to quantify modern vertical and horizontal displacements. After calibration with GNSS data, both methods reveal similar spatial patterns in ground motion, with the faults delimiting areas with different absolute rates. On average the area north of the Baton Rouge fault is subsiding faster than the south, opposite to the long‐term sense of fault slip. LiDAR mean vertical rates range between −5 to −11 mm/y and −2.4 to −7 mm/y. InSAR time‐series mean rates in the LOS direction range between −10.9 to −13.6 mm/y and −8 to −10.6 mm/y, respectively, for the north and south areas. Subsidence in the northern area likely is controlled by groundwater level changes caused by pumping as indicated by groundwater extraction models. The southern area average is likely influenced by the injection of fluids. Our results suggest volumetric changes caused by fluid extraction and injection in regions separated by growth faults that are creeping to accommodate the spatial variations in subsidence.
Intense Human Activities Induce the Dynamic Changes of Interaction Pattern Between Karst Water‐Quaternary Groundwater in the Basin‐Mountain Coupling Belt Over the Past 60 Years
Authors: Li Chengcheng , Gao Xubo , Xiang Xuanli , Jiang Chunfang , Duan Yan , Wang Wanzhou , Zhang Xin , Tan Ting , Wang Quanrong , Wang Yanxin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractKarst water are important for water supply and ecological protection. However, climate changes and human activities have caused severe water supply crisis. The Jinci spring, one of the famous karst springs in China, is located at the basin‐mountain coupling belt and dried up since 1994. This study integrated hydrogeological conditions, water table logs, hydrogeochemistry, multiple isotopes, and numerical modeling to understand dynamic changes of interaction pattern between karst water‐Quaternary groundwater response to human activity in the basin‐mountain coupling belt over the past 60 years. Our investigation indicated that under natural conditions (1960s), karst water discharges as springs and laterally recharges into Quaternary groundwater at the fault area. In the 1980s, overexploitation caused a significant reduction in spring discharge and a decline in karst water levels, especially in coal mining areas. Further declines in water levels and mixing recharge by karst water‐Quaternary groundwater were observed in the 2000s, which were eased in 2018. Calculations both by oxygen isotope and models indicated that contribution of Quaternary groundwater to Jinci spring ranged from 11.8% to 42.1%, with the highest in the 2000s. Evidenced by multiple isotopes, the recharging of karst water‐Quaternary groundwater varied spatially along the belt in 2018, with delayed water level elevation in coal mining and heavy groundwater exploration areas. This study demonstrated that artificial disturbance fundamentally affected the karst water‐Quaternary groundwater flow and water exchange between them. Precautions should be taken when evaluating global water resources changes, in view of the dynamic interaction between the karst water‐Quaternary groundwater spatially and temporally.