bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Water‐borne melamine–formaldehyde‐cured epoxy–acrylate corrosion resistant coatings
Authors: Zafar Sarvat , Riaz Uffana , Ahmad Sharif 
Published: September 2007

AbstractOrganic protective coatings are widely used in corrosion control. However, environmental standards establish that the volatile organic compounds either must be removed or controlled at the lowest possible levels. The carcinogenic environmental impact of volatile organic compounds has led to the substitution of solvent‐borne coatings by water‐borne coating systems. Among recently developed water‐borne coatings, epoxy‐ and acrylic‐based coatings have a special significance over other reported water‐borne systems. Keeping in mind, the importance of water‐borne coatings in the present work, we report the synthesis of water‐borne epoxy–acrylate (EpAc) and melamine–formaldehyde (MF) as well as formulation of their anticorrosive coatings. The structural elucidation of MF‐cured EpAc was carried out by FTIR, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR spectroscopic techniques. The coatings of EpAc‐MF were applied on mild steel strips and were evaluated for physicochemical, physicomechanical characterization, and the anticorrosive performance under different environmental conditions. The present coating system EpAc coatings exhibited superior performance as compared to the reported water‐borne epoxy–acrylatecoatings. The presence of melamine–formaldehyde in the resin increases the scratch hardness, impact resistance, alkali resistance, and thermal stability of these coatings. EpAc‐MF‐1 was found to cure at ambient temperature and exhibit good physicomechanical properties. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Claudin‐7 Expressed on Lateral Membrane of Rat Epididymal Epithelium does not Form Aberrant Tight Junction Strands
Authors: Inai Tetsuichiro , Sengoku Akihito , Hirose Eiji , Iida Hiroshi , Shibata Yosaburo 
Published: September 2007

AbstractClaudins are integral membrane proteins at tight junctions (TJs) and form TJ strands. In the present study, we found that claudin‐7 was localized along the entire lateral membranes of epididymal epithelium, including the apical junctional region throughout the epididymis, but claudin‐8 was restricted to the apical junctional region. This finding raises the possibility that aberrant TJ strands may be formed on lateral membranes. Thus, we focused on examining whether TJ strands exist on lateral membranes of epididymal epithelium. Freeze‐fracture electron microscopy showed that aberrant TJ strands were observed in only a few principal cells in all segments of the epididymis except for the initial segment, indicating that the occurrence of aberrant strands is very rare. Aberrant TJ strands were smooth and not subdivided into individual particles in the protoplasmic face, and complementary grooves in the extracellular face were almost free of particles. Aberrant TJ strands in the distal caput and corpus epididymis were accompanied by many vesicle‐like structures but those in the proximal caput and cauda epididymis were not. These results suggest that most of claudin‐7 in lateral membranes may exist in a nonpolymerized form and may play some different roles other than the formation of TJ strands, for example, in the formation of a pool of claudin proteins or in the reinforcement of cell adhesion. Anat Rec, 1431‐1438, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The effects of spacing and titles on judgments of the effectiveness of structured abstracts
Authors: Hartley James , Betts Lucy 
Published: September 2007

AbstractPrevious research assessing the effectiveness of structured abstracts has been limited in two respects. First, when comparing structured abstracts with traditional ones, investigators usually have rewritten the original abstracts, and thus confounded changes in the layout with changes in both the wording and the content of the text. Second, investigators have not always included the title of the article together with the abstract when asking participants to judge the quality of the abstracts, yet titles alert readers to the meaning of the materials that follow. The aim of this research was to redress these limitations. Three studies were carried out. Four versions of each of four abstracts were prepared. These versions consisted of structured/traditional abstracts matched in content, with and without titles. In Study 1, 64 undergraduates each rated one of these abstracts on six separate rating scales. In Study 2, 225 academics and research workers rated the abstracts electronically, and in Study 3, 252 information scientists did likewise. In Studies 1 and 3, the respondents rated the structured abstracts significantly more favorably than they did the traditional ones, but the presence or absence of titles had no effect on their judgments. In Study 2, no main effects were observed for structure or for titles. The layout of the text, together with the subheadings, contributed to the higher ratings of effectiveness for structured abstracts, but the presence or absence of titles had no clear effects in these experimental studies. It is likely that this spatial organization, together with the greater amount of information normally provided in structured abstracts, explains why structured abstracts are generally judged to be superior to traditional ones.
Developmental toxicity and uterotrophic studies with di‐2‐ethylhexyl terephthalate
Authors: Faber Willem D. , Deyo James A. , Stump Donald G. , Navarro Lisa , Ruble Karen , Knapp John 
Published: September 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND: These studies were conducted to evaluate the potential adverse effects of di‐2‐ethylhexyl terephthalate (DEHT) exposure on in utero development in mice and rats. In addition, a uterotrophic assay for estrogenic activity was conducted in sexually immature rats. METHODS: In the developmental toxicity studies, diet containing DEHT was fed to four groups of mated female Crl:CD(SD)IGS BR rats (25/group) from gestation day (GD) 0–20 or Crl:CD1(ICR) mice (25/group) from GD 0–18. Concentrations within the feed were 0, 0.3, 0.6, and 1.0% for the rats and 0, 0.1, 0.3, and 0.7% for the mice. Laparohysterectomies were carried out on the last day of exposure and the numbers of fetuses, early and late resorptions, total implantations, and corpora lutea were recorded. The fetuses were weighed, sexed, and examined for external, visceral and skeletal malformations, and developmental variations. The dose rate from dietary DEHT exposure was 0, 226, 458, and 747 mg/kg/day in the rats and 197, 592, and 1382 mg/kg/day in the mice for the control, low, mid, and high‐exposure groups, respectively. RESULTS: DEHT exposure did not affect clinical observations. A slight reduction in body weight gain was noted in the high‐dose level rat group; the remaining groups were unaffected. At necropsy, increased liver weights were noted in the high‐dose rat group and the mid‐ and high‐dose mouse groups. Mean numbers of implantation sites and viable fetuses, mean fetal weights, and mean litter proportions of preimplantation loss, early resorptions, late resorptions, and fetal sex ratios were unaffected by DEHT exposures. No test article‐related malformations or variations were observed at any concentration level in the rat and mouse developmental toxicity studies. In the uterotrophic assay for estrogenic activity, sexually immature female rats received oral gavage doses 20, 200, or 2000 mg DEHT/kg bw/day from postnatal day (PND) 19–21. A slight reduction in rate of body weight gain was noted on the first day of dosing in the high dose group, but no other indications of toxicity were evident. DEHT exposure did not affect wet or blotted uterine weight parameters in any of these dose groups. The NOEL for developmental toxicity in rats was 747 mg/kg/day and 1382 mg/kg/day in mice. The NOEL for estrogenic activity was 2000 mg/kg/day. The NOEL for maternal toxicity was 458 mg/kg/day in rats and 197 mg/kg/day in mice. CONCLUSIONS: The lack of adverse developmental effects with DEHT exposure are in contrast to the adverse developmental effects noted after di‐2‐ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) exposure. The difference between the effects noted with the ortho‐constituent (DEHP) and the lack of effects reported with the para‐constituent (DEHT) is due most likely to differences in metabolism and the formation of the stable monoester, mono‐2‐ethylhexyl phthalate (MEHP) from the DEHP moiety. Birth Defects Res (Part B). © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Activity of short segments of Type I antifreeze protein
Authors: Kun Hagit , Mastai Yitzhak 
Published: September 2007

AbstractIn this work, we present a study on the antifreeze activity of short segments of a Type I antifreeze protein, instead of the whole protein. This approach simplifies the correlation between antifreeze protein characteristics, such as hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity, and the effect of these characteristics on the antifreeze mechanism. Three short polypeptides of Type I AFP have been synthesized. Their antifreeze activity and interactions with water and ice crystals have been analyzed by various techniques such as circular dichroism spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, and osmometry. It is shown that one short segment of Type I AFP has an antifreeze activity of about 60% of the native protein activity. In this work, we demonstrate that short segments of Type I AFPs possess nonzero thermal hysteresis and result in modifications in the growth habits and growth rates of ice. This approach enables the preparation of large quantities of short AFP segments at low cost with high antifreeze activity, and opens the possibility of developing the commercial potential of AFPs. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 88: 807–814, 2007.This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
Back to the future: Ribonuclease A
Authors: Marshall Garland R. , Feng Jiawen A. , Kuster Daniel J. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractPancreatic ribonuclease A (EC 3.1.27.5, RNase) is, perhaps, the best‐studied enzyme of the 20th century. It was isolated by René Dubos, crystallized by Moses Kunitz, sequenced by Stanford Moore and William Stein, and synthesized in the laboratory of Bruce Merrifield, all at the Rockefeller Institute/University. It has proven to be an excellent model system for many different types of experiments, both as an enzyme and as a well‐characterized protein for biophysical studies. Of major significance was the demonstration by Chris Anfinsen at NIH that the primary sequence of RNase encoded the three‐dimensional structure of the enzyme. Many other prominent protein chemists/enzymologists have utilized RNase as a dominant theme in their research. In this review, the history of RNase and its offspring, RNase S (S‐protein/S‐peptide), will be considered, especially the work in the Merrifield group, as a preface to preliminary data and proposed experiments addressing topics of current interest. These include entropy–enthalpy compensation, entropy of ligand binding, the impact of protein modification on thermal stability, and the role of protein dynamics in enzyme action. In continuing to use RNase as a prototypical enzyme, we stand on the shoulders of the giants of protein chemistry to survey the future. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 90: 259–277, 2008.This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
Real‐time rendering of sky scene considering scattering and refraction
Authors: Wang Changbo , Wang Zhangye , Peng Qunsheng 
Published: September 2007

AbstractRealistic rendering of sky scene is important in game development and virtual reality. Traditional methods did not consider both the affect of atmospheric scattering and refraction, thus failing to realistically simulate the change of shape, color, and light ring of sky scene. In this paper, a new sky light model considering atmospheric scattering and refraction is proposed. We first calculate the refractional track of light through the atmosphere according to the refraction index. Then we adopt the scattered volume model to simplify the calculation of scattering light intensity. By adapting a path tracing algorithm considering refraction, the intensity distribution of sky light is calculated. Finally, various sky scenes in sunny day, foggy day, and that with rainbow and mirage under different conditions are realistically rendered in real time. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A partnership in flux: The demise of a program
Authors: Reed Gay Garland , Cooper Joanne E. , Young Llewellyn 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThis chapter explores issues surrounding the demise of the Interdisciplinary Master's in Education (IMED) program, which was delivered on the neighbor islands in the state of Hawai'i. The innovative program brought educational opportunities to remote areas of the state and was a partnership between the main campus in Honolulu and several community colleges.
A new holistic exploratory approach to Systems Biology by Near Infrared Spectroscopy evaluated by chemometrics and data inspection
Authors: Munck Lars 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThere is a need for an improved biological and theoretical interpretation of Near Infra‐Red Spectral (NIRS) fingerprints from tissues that could contribute with holistic overview to fine‐grained detail modelled in Systems Biology. The concept of gene expression in self‐organised networks was experimentally tested in a barley endosperm model with molecularly defined and undefined mutants. Surprisingly reproducible gene‐specific NIRS fingerprints were observed directly in log1/R MSC pre‐treated spectra that could not be accurately represented by destructive mathematical models. A mutant spectrum in an isogenic background represents the physiochemical expression of the gene in the whole network (tissue). The necessary holistic overview that is needed experimentally to introduce Ilya Prigogine's theory on self‐organisation in Systems Biology was supplied by defining the spectral phenome. Interval spectral information on genotypes and environment was classified by interval Extended Canonical Variates Analysis (iECVA). Genetic changes in spectra were interpreted by interval Partial Least Squares Regression (iPLSR) correlations to chemical variables. A new pathway regulation was detected. The finely grained ‘bottom up’ modelling of molecular and chemical data from pathways requires a coarsely grained exploratory ‘top down’ overview by NIRS to account for the outcome of self‐organisation. The amplification of expression from a gene to the phenome (pleiotropy) can now for the first time be quantified as a whole reproducible phenomenological pattern by NIRS and compared to other gene spectra. It explains published findings that transformed respectively mutated genes in genetically modified organisms (GMOs) and cancer patients can be detected unsupervised from tissues by spectroscopy, chemometrics and data inspection. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Porphyrin Light‐Harvesting Arrays Constructed in the Recombinant Tobacco Mosaic Virus Scaffold
Authors: Endo Masayuki , Fujitsuka Mamoru , Majima Tetsuro 
Published: September 2007

AbstractWe have demonstrated the construction of multiple porphyrin arrays in the tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) supramolecular structures by self‐assembly of recombinant TMV coat protein (TMVCP) monomers, in which Zn‐coordinated porphyrin (ZnP) and free‐base porphyrin (FbP) were site‐selectively incorporated. The photophysical properties of porphyrin moieties incorporated in the TMV assemblies were also characterized. TMV–porphyrin conjugates employed as building blocks self‐assembled into unique disk and rod structures under the proper conditions as similar to native TMV assemblies. The mixture of a ZnP donor and an FbP acceptor was packed in the TMV assembly and showed energy transfer and light‐harvesting activity. The detailed photophysical properties of the arrayed porphyrins in the TMV assemblies were examined by time‐resolved fluorescence spectroscopy, and the energy transfer rates were determined to be 3.1–6.4×109 s−1. The results indicate that the porphyrins are placed at the expected positions in the TMV assemblies.
Peri‐ and Enantioselectivity of Thermal, Scandium‐, and [Pybox/Scandium]‐Catalyzed Diels–Alder and Hetero‐Diels–Alder Reactions of Methyl (E)‐2‐Oxo‐4‐aryl‐butenoates with Cyclopentadiene
Authors: Desimoni Giovanni , Faita Giuseppe , Toscanini Marco , Boiocchi Massimo 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe cycloaddition between methyl (E)‐2‐oxo‐4‐aryl‐3‐butenoates (2 a–d) and cyclopentadiene, in addition to the expected normal Diels–Alder (DA) adducts endo‐3 a–d and exo‐4 a–d, gives the less expected endo‐5 a–d products of the [4+2] hetero‐Diels–Alder (HDA) reaction in which the α‐ketoester behaves as a heterodiene. If a comparison is made between the thermal and the scandium(III) triflate‐catalyzed conditions, the periselectivity changes and whereas under thermal conditions the main products are those from the DA reaction (3 a–d), in the presence of Sc(OTf)3 (OTf=triflate), the HDA products 5 a–d become largely predominant. The reactions are enantioselectively catalyzed by the scandium(III) triflate complex of (4′S,5′S)‐2,6‐bis[4′‐(triisopropylsilyl)oxymethyl‐5′‐phenyl‐1′,3′‐oxazolin‐2′‐yl]pyridine (1) and both the DA and the HDA products are obtained with excellent enantiomeric excess, up to >99 % ee. The X‐ray crystallographic structure determination of 5 c assigns it the 4R,4aS,7aR absolute configuration. The thermal retro‐Claisen rearrangement of 3 c into (4R,4aS,7aR)‐5 c allows the correlation of their absolute configuration, and 3 c has therefore the 2R,3R configuration. By analogy the same absolute configuration can be assigned to 3 a,b,d and 5 a,b,d, and the stereospecific thermal Claisen rearrangement of the optically active 5 a,b,d into 3 a,b,d completes the correlation between their absolute configuration. The [3,3]‐sigmatropic rearrangements can be easily carried out under catalytic conditions with scandium(III) triflate, which promotes the equilibration between 3 a–d and 5 a–d, with a different degree of enantioselectivity characterizing the process starting from 3 a–d or 5 a–d. The unambiguous attributions of the configuration to the products allows us to propose a rationale of the stereochemical outcome of the catalyzed cycloaddition and to investigate the reaction mechanism of the competing DA and HDA reactions and shifts in products distribution by acid catalysis.
Ce2Ru2In3 and Ce3Ru2In2: Site Exchange in Ternary Indides of a New Structure Type.
Authors: Tursina A. I. , Kurenbaeva Zh. M. , Gribanov A. V. , Noel H. , Roisnel T. , Seropegin Y. D. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Crystal Structure of the Ternary Ln3Ag4Sn4 Stannides (Ln: Y, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho) with Gd3Cu4Ge4‐Type Structure.
Authors: Romaka V. V. , Davydov V. , Gladyshevskii R. , Melnychenko N. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Ba5Al2Ge7 and Ba7Al4Ge9: Two New Intermetallic Phases with Unusual Al—Ge Anions.
Authors: Wendorff Marco , Roehr Caroline 
Published: September 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Crystal Structure, Vibrational Spectrum and Thermal Behavior of the Ammonium Hexathiohypodiphosphate Dihydrate (NH4) 4P2S6×2H2O.
Authors: Gjikaj Mimoza , Brockner Wolfgang 
Published: September 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Structure, Thermal Stability and Magnetostrictive Properties of PrFex (1.5 ≤ x ≤ 3.0) Alloys.
Authors: Shi Y. G. , Tang S. L. , Huang Y. J. , Nie B. , Qian B. , Lv L. Y. , Du Y. W. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Thermomagnetic Properties Near Transitions of Tb6FeX2 (X: Sb, Bi).
Authors: He Wei , Zhang Jiliang , Zeng Lingmin , Qin Pingli , Cai Gemei 
Published: September 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Isothermal Section at 900 °C of the Ce—Fe—Si Ternary System.
Authors: Berthebaud D. , Tougait O. , Potel M. , Noel H. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Heat‐Induced Alterations in the Surface Population of Metal Sites in Bimetallic Nanoparticles.
Authors: Hwang Bing‐Joe , Sarma Loka Subramanyam , Wang Guo‐Rung , Chen Ching‐Hsiang , Liu Din‐Goa , Sheu Hwo‐Shuenn , Lee Jyh‐Fu 
Published: September 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
The Tungstogermanate [Ce20Ge10W100O376 (OH)4(H2O)30]56‐: A Polyoxometalate Containing 20 Cerium(III) Atoms.
Authors: Bassil Bassem S. , Dickman Michael H. , Roemer Isabella , von der Kammer Bernd , Kortz Ulrich 
Published: September 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis, Structure and Third‐Order Nonlinear Optical Properties of a Iodoargentate(I) Cluster Polymer of [(Et4N)(Ag2I3)]n.
Authors: Zhang Z. X. , Li Y. , Li K. C. , Song W. D. , Wang C. , Pan L. Y. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Kinetic Resolution of Racemic Alcohols Catalyzed by Minimal Artificial Acylases Derived from L‐Histidine.
Authors: Kosugi Yuji , Akakura Matsujiro , Ishihara Kazuaki 
Published: September 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Air‐Stable P‐Chiral Bidentate Phosphine Ligand with (1‐Adamantyl)methylphosphino Group.
Authors: Imamoto Tsuneo , Kumada Atsushi , Yoshida Kazuhiro 
Published: September 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Mixtures of Chiral Phosphorous Acid Diesters and Achiral P Ligands in the Enantio‐ and Diastereoselective Hydrogenation of Ketimines.
Authors: Reetz Manfred T. , Bondarev Oleg 
Published: September 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.