bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Zidovudine removal during plasma exchange
Authors: Fauvelle F. , Leon A. , Petitjean O. , Guillevin L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPharmacokinetics of zidovudine (azidothymidine, AZT) were investigated after oral administration (300 mg every 8 hours) in a human immunodeficiency virus seropositive patient who was also treated with plasma exchange (60 ml/kg). Plasma AZT concentrations were measured using high performance liquid chromatography assay. Plasma exchange clearances reached 1–3.8% of the total clearance. The fraction of AZT removed from separated plasma accounted for only 1% of the administered dose. The contribution of plasma exchange to the elimination of AZT appears to be negligible. Solely on the basis of AZT pharmacokinetic data, no particular dose adjustment appears to be necessary in patients treated with multiple plasma exchanges.
Sickle cell anemia: Pathophysiology, management, and prospects for the future
Authors: Steinberg Martin H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSickle cell anemia is present in about 1 in 600 Black Americans at birth. It claims the life of many infants, causes pain and suffering in adults, and usually culminates in premature death. We currently understand a great deal about this disease on a molecular, cellular, and clinical basis. The results of years of research are slowly being translated to innovative therapies and improvements in patient care. In this paper I review the pathophysiology of this disorder, highlight the currently available treatment, and discuss new forms of therapy that promise a more direct approach to avoiding the many complications of sickle cell anemia.
Writing, reviewing, and presenting an abstract
Authors: Strauss Ronald G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAbstracts afford an opportunity to report data at professional meetings and, when published, in the literature. Accordingly, they should be prepared with great care. When writing an abstract, anticipate questions the reviewer will ask when judging it and provide complete answers. The presentation of an abstract should follow similar thought processes. State why a problem or question is important, how you addressed it, what you found, and how your findings can be applied to the issue at hand. Slides and text should provide coordinated visual and auditory input, respectively, to ensure complete comprehension.
A discrepancy between the instantaneous and the overall collection efficiency of the fenwal CS3000 for peripheral blood stem cell apheresis
Authors: Haylock David N. , Canty Ann , Thorp Dawn , Dyson Pamela G. , Juttner Christopher A. , Bikto L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe collection efficiency (CE) of the Fenwall CS3000 continuous flow blood cell separator in the apheresis of peripheral blood stem cells during haemopoietic recovery following myelosuppressive chemotherapy was analysed. Ninety‐three aphereses were performed in 19 patients using procedure 3 on the Fenwal CS3000. The overall CE was calculated from the pre‐apheresis cell counts and the stated blood volume processed. Instantaneous CE was calculated from cell counts in the inlet and return lines. The overall mononuclear cell and granulocyte‐macrophage colony forming unit CE were 64.0% and 55.8%, respectively, significantly lower than the instantaneous CEs of 94.5% and 95.4%, respectively (P = 0.0001, t test, for both comparisons). Three factors unrelated to machine performance contributed to the lower overall CE despite a high instantaneous CE: (I) A fall in the patient's mononuclear cell counts during apheresis leading to an overestimation of the cells available for collection, (2) dilution of blood by anti‐coagulant, and (3) the operational dead space of the Fenwal CS3000. The overall CE corrected for these 3 factors approximated the instantaneous CE closely. Thus there is little room for further enhancement of machine performance because the Fenwal CS3000 is already operating with a very high instantaneous CE. To achieve major improvement in the yield of peripheral blood stem cell harvests, more effective mobilization protocols and better timing of apheresis are required. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Collection of blood mononuclear cells by leukapheresis for transplantation in a yucatan miniature swine model
Authors: Smith Douglas M. , Stribley Judith A. , Lieberman Robert P. , Sharp John G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA large animal model is needed to evaluate new apheresis technologies. These technologies include novel methods of harvesting the blood mononuclear cell population which contains the hematopoietic stem cells needed to restore hematopoiesis in recipients of hematopoietically lethal therapy and the use of cytokines to provide a safe and predictable method of manipulating these circulating hematopoietic stem cells. We describe the methods used to collect mononuclear cells by leukapheresis from Yucatan miniature swine. These animals are of sufficient size to tolerate the procedures and have many physiologic and hematologic similarities to man. They are of good temperament and are easily trained. Long‐term venous access was obtained using single lumen silicone rubber catheters placed in the inferior vena cava. The animals were apheresed while fully awake using a Haemonetics Model V50 machine and a modified lymphocyte collection protocol. The procedure was highly efficient for the collection of mononuclear cells and a 10 pass procedure yielded a product which contained 19.7 × 109 mononuclear cells, 10.7 × 109 granulocytes, and 17 ml of erythrocytes in a volume of approximately 100 ml. This product can be cryopreserved and used for subsequent transplantation. The content of four apheresis procedures provides hematopoietic reconstitution of lethally irradiated swine on a time scale equivalent to transplantation of optimal numbers of bone marrow cells. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Apheresis for severe malaria complicated by cerebral malaria, acute respiratory distress syndrome, acute renal failure, and disseminated intravascular coagulation
Authors: Lercari Giuseppe , Paganini Giorgio , Malfanti Libera , Rolla Davide , Machi Anna Maria , Rizzo Fortunato , Cannella Giuseppe , Valbonesi Mauro 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMalaria has become a very uncommon disease in Italy. Recently a variety of circumstances, such as travel to tropical countries as well as immigration from Asia and Africa, have combined to increase the number of malaria cases recorded annually. In this report we describe the use of red cell exchange transfusion and plasma exchange in the treatment of a patient with hyperparasitemic malaria (51% erythrocytes or more parasitized). When first observed the patient was in shock and had signs of cerebral malaria, disseminated intravascular coagulation, and acute respiratory distress syndrome, which in the following 2 days were complicated by acute renal failure. After mefloquine therapy combined with 3 red blood cell exchanges, 2 plasma exchanges, and 10 dialysis sessions over 14 days, the patient recovered completely. This case of severe malaria with multiple complications, treated with mefloquine in conjunction with both exchange transfusion and plasmapheresis, had a successful outcome and lends further support to the possible beneficial role of exchange transfusion in complicated malaria. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Peripheral blood stem cell mobilization by cytokines
Authors: Ahmed Tauseef , Wuest David , Ciavarella David 
Published: February 2007

AbstractHematopoietic stem cells circulate in the peripheral blood. These cells can be collected by apheresis techniques either in the unperturbed state, after mobilization following the administration of cytokines like G‐CSF or GM‐CSF, or during the phase of early blood count recovery following chemotherapy‐induced myelosuppression. The number of cells collected following mobilization is greater than that obtained after apheresis in the unperturbed state. There are, however, qualitative differences between unperturbed and mobilized cells. Chemotherapy related mobilization can be potentially dangerous in that severe myelosuppression necessary to achieve mobilization can have serious consequences. There are no controlled studies that evaluate the relative merits of each method of collection. Regardless of the techniques employed peripheral blood stem cells can reliably accelerate hematologic recovery after potentially myeloblative therapy and provide an alternative to bone marrow support. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Basic principles of immunology (immune response) for hemapheresis practitioners
Authors: Sigmon Janice M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAdvances in medical knowledge and technology have identified the essential elements involved in the human immune system, their relationships and interactions, and offer more advanced concepts in the design, function, and maintenance of immune response. Immune response begins with the earliest progenitor cell and transfers its legacy of protection through white blood cells and the complement system. A basic understanding of immunology is essential to the hemapheresis practitioner as new treatment regimens requiring hemapheresis interventions develop. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evaluation of elutriated single donor platelets collected and stored in a closed system
Authors: Elias M. K. , Blom N. , Rijskamp L. , Weggemans M. , Halie M. R. , Das P. C. , Sibinga C. Th. Smit 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSingle donor platelets (SDPC) were collected by the elutriation technique in a closed‐system integrated with large storage containers. Seven runs of SDPC were stored in a 1.5 liter polyvinyl‐chloride trimellitate (PVC‐TOTM) storage container, making the ratio of platelet concentrate volume to container volume 1:4.5. An equal volume of pooled multiple donor platelet concentrates (MDPC) was stored in parallel under the same conditions. All haematological data were comparable for both products, except for the degree of leukocyte contamination (5‐fold increase in the pool). Under these conditions, the functional, morphological, and metabolic characteristics of elutriated platelets throughout 7‐day storage were superior to those of pooled platelets. Although the platelet count was not significantly different in both types of concentrates, the mean pH of pooled MDPC fell to 6.0 on day 5 of storage. Leukocytes were shown to contribute to this pH fall. The extent of cell damage, however, as evidenced by LDH leakage (42.7 LDH units/1011 platelets/day by differential centrifugation, compared to 5.3 units by elutriation) could not be explained solely on the basis of the leukocyte effect. This indicated that the processing method itself influences the platelet quality. By increasing the surface/volume ratio of SDPC, the initial pH of 7.1 was well maintained throughout storage, platelet metabolic rate was slowed, and the function and ultrastructure improved significantly. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Selective removal of cholesterol by plasmapheresis and the progression of atherosclerosis
Authors: Nomura Hideaki , Malcheskyy Paul S. , Goldcamp James B. , Yamashita Masato , Werynski Andrzej , Nosé Yukihiko 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThere is a strong correlation of plasma cholesterol levels with the risk of coronary heart diseases as shown by epidemiologic studies. This study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of plasma cholesterol lowering on the progression of atherosclerosis in the homozygous Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic (WHHL) rabbit. The effect of cholesterol lowering, which was accomplished by thermofiltration (on‐line plasma separation with plasma filtration at 39°C) was evaluated by comparison between treated and untreated control groups. Thermofiltration reduced significantly the mean plasma level of total cholesterol (284 vs. 655 mg/dl, P = 0.0005) and the percent aortic area occupied by atherosclerotic plaque (15.0 vs. 44.2%, P = 0.0003). The total lipid and cholesterol contents in the aortas in the treated group were also significantly lower than those in the control group. Microscopically, thickness measurements of the lesions showed that the mean thickness of the fibrous cap and the ratio of the thickness of the intima to that of the media were smaller for the treated group than the control group. This study demonstrated the slowing or stopping of the progression of atherosclerosis by lowering the plasma total cholesterol level in WHHL rabbits. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Folinic acid does not mobilize hemopoietic progenitors following repeated consolidation chemotherapy for acute leukemia
Authors: Teshima Takanori , Harada Mine , Takamatsu Yasushi , Inaba Shoichi , Kondo Seiji , Akashi Koichi , Okamura Takashi , Niho Yoshiyuki 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFolinic acid (FA) has been reported to expand the pool of peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC) after chemotherapy. We evaluated the efficacy of FA for harvesting PBSC following cytotoxic chemotherapy in 4 patients with acute leukemia. After achieving a complete remission (CR), 3 courses of chemotherapy for a consolidation of the CR were administered to the patients. Two successive cycles of leukapheresis were performed during the recovery phase from consolidation chemotherapy, which consisted of an intermediate dose of cytosine arabinoside. For the second cycle of leukapheresis. FA was administered intravenously at a dose of 50 mg/day following consolidation. The yields of either mononuclear cells or burst‐forming units‐erythroid (BFU‐E) were not affected by FA administration. In contrast, the yields of colony‐forming units‐granulocyte/macrophage (CFU‐GM) were significantly decreased in all patients compared to the CFU‐GM yields after the first cycle of leukapheresis (P = 0.032). Thus FA is considered not to be effective in expanding the peripheral blood progenitor pool when given in a fashion different from the original report. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Treatment of babesiosis by red blood cell exchange in an HIV‐positive, splenectomized patient
Authors: Machtinger Larry , Telford Sam R. , Inducil Chat , Klapper Ellen , Pepkowitz Samuel H. , Goldfinger Dennis 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBabesiosis is a malaria‐like parasitic disease causing subclinical or mild illness in most cases. Splenectomized patients, however, may experience a more severe course. Although generally responsive to antibiotic therapy, several cases of severe babesiosis refractory to appropriate antibiotic therapy have been reported to respond promptly and dramatically to red blood cell (RBC) exchange transfusion. Although the role of HIV coinfection in babesiosis is uncertain, two previously reported cases raise a concern that it may predispose to a more severe clinical course. We report a third case of severe babesiosis in an HIV‐positive splenectomized man, following travel to an endemic area. Antibiotic therapy, though initially effective, ultimately failed to prevent severe disease. RBC exchange transfusion resulted in prompt clinical improvement, which has been sustained during 26 months of follow‐up. Although the patient has since developed various sequelae of HIV infection, including disseminated Kaposi's sarcoma, CMV retinitis, and enteritis, there has been no recurrence of observable parasitemia. In severe babesiosis, RBC exchange transfusion, combined with appropriate antibiotic therapy, appears to be a rapidly effective therapeutic modality which can induce sustained remissions. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Summary of results of 1991 ASFA apheresis survey
Authors: Malchesky Paul S. , Skibinski Christine I. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAs part of gathering data for its Networking Directory, the Registry/Directory Committee of the American Society for Apheresis solicited data on the types of apheresis procedures performed, equipment used, and diseases treated in the year 1991. In this voluntary solicitation of the 266 centers responding, 94% were from the United States. For those centers reporting exact numbers of procedures performed out of all institutions doing the procedures 48, 221 therapeutic and 330,702 donor procedures were reported. The dominant type of equipment being used is the centrifugal type.For therapeutic procedures plasma exchange is the most prevalent procedure and for donor procedures it is plateletpheresis. For therapeutics, Guillain‐Barre syndrome was the most prevalent disease treated by plasmapheresis and leukemias by cytapheresis. The survey methodology proved to be valuable in gathering the data on a voluntary basis. With subsequent surveys and refinement of its methodology the apheresis practices in the United States could be assessed quantitatively to provide information on the number and types of procedures being carried out. Such information is required to assess the impact of apheresis technology on health care, to project trends, and to review the cost impact of this technology. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
HIV infection in hemophilia
Authors: Levine Peter H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis report reviews the natural history of hemophilia and the development of concentrates as the preferred form of treatment and discusses the nature of immune defect in persons with hemophilia. It examines the risk of hepatitis and effect of HIV infection on treatment protocols, and it surveys the status of the safety of modern concentrates and what we have to look forward to in the future. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prolonged circulation of activated platelets following plasmapheresis
Authors: Wun Theodore , Paglieroni Teresa , Holland Paul 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe extent and duration of in vivo platelet activation were determined in 12 volunteer donors undergoing automated plasmapheresis. Expression of P‐selectin, activated GpIIb/IIIa, and platelet microparticle formation were measured by flow cytometry on peripheral blood samples obtained immediately before and after plasmapheresis and at 24 hour intervals thereafter for up to 3 days. Although no adverse effects were noted in any donor, immediately after apheresis 3 87% of circulating platelets expressed P‐selectin: by 48 hours. 0.5 50% expressed P‐selectin; and by 72 hours, all donors studied had fewer than 5% P‐selectin expression on circulating platelets. Results were similar for the expression of the activated conformation of GpIIb/IIIa. There was a positive correlation with in vitro P‐selectin expression in response to ADP in the pre‐apheresis sample and the number of platelet microparticles detected in the donor following plasmapheresis. In addition, the percent expression of P‐selectin and activated GpIIb/IIIa in response to ADP was reproducible in each individual studied on five separate occasions (CV ≤ 8%). Platelets activated during plasmapheresis using an automated device may circulate for at least 48 hours, and pre‐plasmapheresis response of platelets to the agonist ADP correlated with platelet microparticle formation post‐plasmapheresis. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Durable remissions following prolonged plasma exchange in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura
Authors: Dawson R. Ben , Brown James A. , Mahalati Kathy , Sapsiri Suchada , Pearlman Steve , Gulden Diane , Bilenki Lois , Wenk Robert E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe evaluated the efficacy of prolonged plasma exchange (PEX) for attaining durable remissions in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP). A recent review using steroids or PEX in initial management showed an 80% response rate but produced a relapse rate of 67‐84%. Records of 50 patients starting PEX treatment for TTP/HUS were reviewed to identify and select those whose course of treatment had ended over 1 year earlier, whether or not the result was satisfactory. Records were evaluated for outcome, especially remission associated with treatment by “prolonged” plasma exchange. “Prolonged” was defined as continuing PEX beyond the stage where a normal platelet count was attained and until evidence of hemolysis was “minimal or at least compensated.” If disease activity as judged by the criteria of hemolysis became accelerated or resumed, PEX was increased by volume of FFP (e.g., from 3 to 4 L) or rate (from less than daily to daily). Of 50 consecutive patients treated by PEX for TTP/HUS there were 40 cases after which at least one year had passed since the end of treatment. These 40 patients were evaluated for the results of treatment by PEX. Eight failed to achieve remission, dying in hospital within 1 month of admission. Twenty‐eight achieved remission, sustained for 1 year or more in all. These are the reasons for our enthusiasm about this report. Four achieved remission lasting less than 1 year. Splenectomy was performed to obtain a sustained remission in one patient following administration of three 2 mg doses of vincristine and two relapses. The second was discharged with an adequate platelet count, but had ongoing hemolytic anemia and had to be retreated as an early relapse. The third, a mitomycin‐induced TTP, had an early relapse which responded to additional PEX. The fourth was a late relapse. Our response rate of 80% is not higher than that of recent reviews. However, the relapse rate of 9% with prolonged plasma exchange is three times better than the average relapse rate of 27% from the 20 previous reports in the literature over the same period (Onundarson et al., Arch Int Med 152:761–766, 1992). We attribute this benefit to a strategy of continuing to perform plasma exchange on a tapering, alternating day schedule until disease activity is minimal as defined by criteria of hemolysis. Since relapses are often as devastating as the original episode, the treatment plan described is recommended.
Manual plasmapheresis in the treatment of guillain‐barré syndrome
Authors: De Zoysa Nandrani S. , Jayaweera K. K. D. G. , Vaithianathan Thiru 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe report on 41 patients with Guillain‐Barré Syndrome (GBS) with disability grade 4 and 5 who were treated with manual plasma exchange (PE). Approximately 20‐40 ml/kg body weight of plasma was removed with each manual PE; 63% of patients needed one PE, 24% needed two, 10% needed three, and 2% needed four plasma exchanges. Normal saline, human serum albumin (NSA) and fresh frozen plasma were used in varying proportions as replacement solutions. Ninety‐one percent of the patients resumed walking with very little assistance ranging from 4 to 56 days with an average of 25 days from the commencement of the first PE. Manual PE in our series was effective and safe as the reported experience of automated apheresis and less volume of plasma was exchanged in our patients undergoing manual PE when compared to those treated in other studies employing automated PE.