bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Tournaments on the Largemouth Bass Population at Sam Rayburn Reservoir, Texas
Authors: Driscoll M. T. , Smith J. L. , Myers R. A. 
Published: April 2007

Abstract
There have been concerns regarding tournament-related impacts on black bass Micropterus spp. for 40 years, but few studies have quantified those impacts. About 52% of anglers at Sam Rayburn Reservoir (46,356 ha) participate in tournaments, and the annual number of events probably exceeds 300. In 2003, we tagged and released 6,021 largemouth bass M. salmoides to estimate the annual proportion of the population caught and retained by tournament anglers. Tag returns were obtained via creel sampling to avoid nonreporting uncertainty, adjusted for recruitment and tag loss, and expanded to estimate the total annual tagged fish catch and harvest. We conducted simulations to evaluate the impacts of tournament mortality using rates of 10, 30, and 50% and compared those estimates with nontournament harvest and catch-and-release mortality (simulated at 5, 10, and 15%) to assess the specific contributions to annual angling and total mortality. From 3,447 angler interviews, creel clerks identified 40 largemouth bass caught by anglers during the interview day (27 of which were immediately released, 6 harvested by nontournament anglers, and 7 retained by tournament anglers). Expansion of tag returns resulted in 1,620 fish immediately released (27% of tagged population), 372 harvested by nontournament anglers (6% of tagged population), and 274 retained by tournament anglers (5% of tagged population; 242 were released). Tournament and catch-and-release mortality each comprised a total of 1–6% of the population losses across all simulations. Tournament mortality comprised 6–28% of total angling mortality, whereas catch-and-release mortality was 10–31%. Tournament mortality contributed 1–16% of total annual mortality, compared with 2–17% for catch-and-release mortality and 16–38% for nontournament harvest. We conclude that the tournament-related impacts on the largemouth bass population at Sam Rayburn Reservoir were low.
Evaluation of Visible Implant Elastomer for Marking Juvenile Red Drum
Authors: Bushon Amanda M. , Stunz Gregory W. , Reese Megan M. 
Published: April 2007

Abstract
Visible implant elastomer (VIE) was evaluated for marking juvenile red drum Sciaenops ocellatus in experimental studies. We tested VIE on hatchery-reared red drum (standard length, 29.6–38.7 mm; SE, 0.23) in a laboratory study to examine mortality, tag retention, and growth effects associated with the marking method. We examined two tagging locations and two control treatments in anesthetized and unanesthetized fish. Red drum were tagged below and parallel to the dorsal fin and above and parallel to the anal fin. Five fish were anesthetized, marked, and stocked into replicated tanks and held for 14 d. Tag retention was 100%, and overall mortality was 10%. The mortality of fish tagged below the dorsal fin was 0%, whereas that of fish tagged above the anal fin was 40% (SE, 30.5). No significant difference in growth rates was observed between the marked and unmarked treatment groups. A field study was performed with wild and hatchery-reared red drum marked with VIE and released at three replicate sites in sea grass beds. The recapture rate was 1.3%, and marked fish were collected at 1 and 3 d postrelease at distances of 15–45 and 200 m from the release point. The results suggest that VIE marking of red drum has little effect on mortality and growth when fish are tagged dorsally and that VIE is a viable tool for short-term experiments requiring identification of small, juvenile red drum.
Approximating common fixed points of asymptotically nonexpansive mappings by composite algorithm in Banach spaces
Authors: Qin Xiaolong , Su Yongfu , Shang Meijuan 
Published: April 2007

Abstract
Let E be a uniformly convex Banach space and K a nonempty convex closed subset which is also a nonexpansive retract of E. Let T
1, T
2 and T
3: K → E be asymptotically nonexpansive mappings with {k
n}, {l
n} and {j
n}. [1, ∞) such that Σn=1∞(k
n − 1) < ∞, Σn=1∞(l
n − 1) < ∞ and Σn=1∞(j
n − 1) < ∞, respectively and F nonempty, where F = {x ∈ K: T
1x
= T
2x
= T
3
x} = x} denotes the common fixed points set of T
1, T
2 and T
3. Let {α
n}, {α′
n} and {α″
n} be real sequences in (0, 1) and ∈ ≤ {α
n}, {α′
n}, {α″
n} ≤ 1 − ∈ for all n ∈ N and some ∈ > 0. Starting from arbitrary x
1 ∈ K define the sequence {x
n} by
$$\left\{ \begin{gathered} z_n = P(\alpha ''_n T_3 (PT_3 )^{n - 1} x_n + (1 - \alpha ''_n )x_n ), \hfill \\ y_n = P(\alpha '_n T_2 (PT_2 )^{n - 1} z_n + (1 - \alpha '_n )x_n ), \hfill \\ x_{n + 1} = P(\alpha _n T_1 (PT_1 )^{n - 1} y_n + (1 - \alpha _n )x_n ). \hfill \\ \end{gathered} \right.$$
(i) If the dual E* of E has the Kadec-Klee property then {x
n} converges weakly to a common fixed point p ∈ F; (ii) If T satisfies condition (A′) then {x
n} converges strongly to a common fixed point p ∈ F.
Variation in the uptake of Arsenic, Cadmium, Lead, and Zinc by different species of willows Salix spp. grown in contaminated soils
Authors: Tlustoš Pavel , Száková Jir̆ina , Vysloužilová Markéta , Pavlíková Daniela , Weger Jan , Javorská Hana 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe experiment assessed the variability of in seven clones of willow plants of high biomass production (Salix smithiana S-218, Salix smithiana S-150, Salix viminalis S-519, Salix alba S-464, Salix ’Pyramidalis’ S-141, Salix dasyclados S-406, Salix rubens S-391). They were planted in a pots for three vegetation periods in three soils differing in the total content of risk elements. Comparing the calculated relative decrease of total metal contents in soils, the phytoextraction potential of willows was obtained for cadmium (Cd) and zinc (Zn), moderately contaminated Cambisol and uncontaminated Chernozem, where aboveground biomass removed about 30% Cd and 5% Zn of the total element content, respectively. The clones showed variability in removing Cd and Zn, depending on soil type and contamination level: S. smithiana (S-150) and S. rubens (S-391) demonstrated the highest phytoextraction effect for Cd and Zn. For lead (Pb) and arsenic (As), the ability to accumulate the aboveground biomass of willows was found to be negligible in both soils. The results confirmed that willow plants show promising results for several elements, mainly for mobile ones like cadmium and zinc in moderate levels of contamination. The differences in accumulation among the clones seemed to be affected more by the properties of clones, not by the soil element concentrations or soil properties. However, confirmation and verification of the results in field conditions as well as more detailed investigation of the mechanisms of cadmium uptake in rhizosphere of willow plants will be determined by further research.
The neuroprotective effect of Withania somnifera root extract in MPTP-intoxicated mice: An analysis of behavioral and biochemical varibles
Authors: Sankar Srinivasagam , Manivasagam Thamilarasan , Krishnamurti Arumugam , Ramanathan Manickam 
Published: April 2007

AbstractWe studied the influence of Withania somnifera (Ws) root extract (100 mg/kg body weight) on parkinsonism induced by 1-methyl 4-phenyl 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP; i.p, 20 mg/kg body weight for 4 days), via the analysis of behavioral features and the oxidant-antioxidant imbalance in the midbrain of mice. A significant alteration in behavior, increased levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS), and increased activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were noticed in this region of brain in MPTP-treated mice. Oral treatment with the root extract resulted in a significant improvement in the mice’s behavoiur and antioxidant status, along with a significant reduction in the level of lipid peroxidation. The results indicated that at least part of the chronic stress-induced pathology may be due to oxidative stress, which is mitigated by Ws. Further studies are needed to assess the precise mechanism to support the clinical use of the plant as an antiparkinsonic drug.
Analysis of helminth communities of the pine marten, Martes martes, in Spain: Mainland and insular data
Authors: Segovia Juan-Matías , Torres Jordi , Miquel Jordi , Sospedra Enric , Guerrero Ricardo , Feliu Carlos 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe present study analyses the helminth communities found in one hundred and two specimens of Martes martes from the Iberian Peninsula and the Balearic Archipelago. The component community is constituted by seventeen helminth species, which frequency and mean abundance show a bimodal pattern. The set of core species is constituted by the trichurids Pearsonema plica, Eucoleus aerophilus and Aonchotheca putorii (72.2% of total helminth individuals found), while the remaining can be considered satellite species. Significant co-occurrences were found among E. aerophilus/A. putorii and E. aerophilus/P. plica. These results demonstrate the great importance of earthworms within the diet of pine marten and contribute to the knowledge of the pine marten’s food ethology, since this kind of prey normally goes undetected in diet studies. Several helminth species, as Sobolevingylus petrowi, Centrorhynchus aluconis, Uncinaria criniformis, Mastophorus muris and Spirura rytipleurites seurati seem to show geographical distributions limited to insular ecosystems. Moreover, helminth communities of M. martes among four Spanish territories, including mainland and insular areas, are characterized and compared.
Infestation of sand lizards (Lacerta agilis) resident in the Northeastern Poland by Ixodes ricinus (L.) ticks and their infection with Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato
Authors: Gryczyńska-Siemiątkowska Alicja , Siedlecka Alicja , Stańczak Joanna , Barkowska Miłosława 
Published: April 2007

AbstractSand lizards (Lacerta agilis) were trapped and examined for ticks from May to September in 2002 and 2003 in Northeastern Poland. A total of 233 Ixodes ricinus (L.) ticks (76 larvae and 157 nymphs) was found on 31 of 235 captured lizards (13.2%). The tick infestation is relatively low compared to that of mammals and passerine birds from the same area (Siński et al. 2006, Gryczyńska et al. 2002). Tick infestation depended on the month of capture, being the highest in spring. In autumn no ticks were recorded on any of the captured lizards. The oldest lizards carried the highest number of ticks but no differences related to sex of the host were found. All the collected ticks were analysed by PCR for the presence of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, the etiological agents of Lyme disease. Spirochetes were detected in 11 out of 233 (4.7%) ticks tested. Genetic analysis confirmed that the spirochetes are members of the Borrelia afzelii, B. garinii and B. burgdorferi sensu stricto genospecies. Mixed infection were not detected. The prevalence of infection was analysed in relation to months of the capture, age and sex of the lizards, but differences were not statistically significant. The obtained results suggest that lizards are probably not B. burgdorferi reservoirs, but further studies are required to confirm this.
A review of methods for synthesis of nanostructured metals with emphasis on iron compounds
Authors: Tavakoli A. , Sohrabi M. , Kargari A. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractSynthesis of metal nanoparticles with specific properties is a newly established research area attracting a great deal of attention. Several methods have been put forward for synthesis of these materials, namely chemical vapor condensation, arc discharge, hydrogen plasma—metal reaction, and laser pyrolysis in the vapor phase, microemulsion, hydrothermal, sol-gel, sonochemical, and microbial processes taking place in the liquid phase, and ball milling carried out in the solid phase.The properties of metal nanoparticles depend largely on their synthesis procedures. In this paper the fundamentals, advantages, and disadvantages of each synthesis method are discussed.
Effect of selenium oxidation state on cadmium translocation in chamomile plants
Authors: Král’ová K. , Masarovičová E. , Ondrejkovičová I. , Bujdoš M. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractSyntheses and spectral characteristics of cadmium(II) compounds (CdSeO4, CdSeO3, and Cd(NCSe)2(nia)2) containing selenium in oxidation states (VI), (IV), and (-II) are described. In Cd(NCSe)2(nia)2, nicotinamide (nia) and selenocyanate anions are bonded to Cd atom as N-donor monodentate ligands. Nicotinamide is coordinated through the ring nitrogen atom. The effects of these selenium compounds as well as Cd(NCS)2(nia)2 on the growth and Cd accumulation in roots and shoots of hydroponically cultivated chamomile plants (cultivar Lutea) were studied. In the applied concentration range (12–60 µmol dm−3) Cd(NCS)2(nia)2 affected neither the length nor the dry mass of roots and shoots. Other compounds applied at 24 µmol dm−3 and 60 µmol dm−3 significantly reduced dry mass of roots and shoots. Selenium oxidation state in the cadmium compounds affected Cd accumulation in plant organs as well as Cd translocation within the plants, which was reflected in the values of bioaccumulation (BAF) and translocation factors (S/R). Cd amount accumulated by shoots was lower than that in the roots. The highest BAF values determined for Cd accumulation in shoots were obtained with CdSeO4. Substitution of S with Se in the Cd(NCX)2(nia)2 (X = Se or S) caused an increase of Cd translocation into the shoots.
Optimization of ammonium nitrate concentration in single-stage continuous cultures of Aspergillus niger with biomass retention
Authors: Janczar M. , Pietkiewicz J. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe effect of ammonium nitrate concentration in the citric acid biosynthesis by Aspergillus niger NC-12 in single-stage continuous cultures with biomass retention was investigated. Experiments were carried out in a BIOMER laboratory fermenter with 5 dm3 working volume. At the initial stage of each cultivation, the substrate in the bioreactor contained 1.5 g NH4NO3 dm−3. After 120 h onwards, the bioreactor was fed continuously at a constant dilution rate of 0.009 h−1. NH4NO3 concentration in the feed was varied from one culture to another, ranging between 0.5 g dm−3 and 2.5 g dm−3. Promising results were obtained when NH4NO3 concentration of 1.5 g dm−3 was used. The observed concentration of citric acid (c P) and yield of citric acid with respect to the introduced sucrose (Y P/S) were 117.88 g dm−3 and 78.59 %, respectively. The efficiency coefficient of citric acid biosynthesis (K ef) was very high, amounting to 83.38.
Profile distribution of As(III) and As(V) species in soil and groundwater in Bozanta area
Authors: Frentiu T. , Vlad S. , Ponta M. , Baciu C. , Kasler I. , Cordos E. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe profile distribution of arsenic(III) and arsenic(V) species in soil and groundwater was investigated in the samples collected in 2005 from a hand-drilled well, in the Bozanta area, Baia Mare region, Romania. The total content of arsenic in the soil was in the range of 525–672 mg kg−1 exceeding 21–27 times the action trigger level for sensitive soil. 0.9–11.3 % of the total content was soluble in water, 83.0–92.6 % in 10 mol dm−3 HCl and 2.6–13.3 % was the residual fraction. Arsenic(V) was the dominant arsenic species in the soil in the range of 405–580 mg kg−1. The distribution and mobility of arsenic species was governed by soil pH and contents of Al, Fe, and Mn. The mobility of arsenic(V) decreased with depth, while that of arsenic(III) was high at the surface and in the proximity of groundwater. The total concentration of arsenic in groundwater was (43.40 ± 1.70) µg dm−3, which exceeded the maximum contaminant level of 10 µg dm−3.
Controlled solvothermal synthesis of PbS quasi-nanorods by calix[4]arene
Authors: Yin R. , Wu Q. , Chen Y. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractA new idea of the nanorods preparation and a novel application of calixarenes are presented. Calix[4]arene was introduced into solvothermal system to produce one-dimensional inorganic nanomaterial. The obtained product was characterized by XRD and TEM. Results of the XRD analysis showed that the product was pure cubic phase of PbS with high crystallinity. TEM images revealed that the diameter and length of the PbS nanorods were about 200 nm and up to 3.5 µm, respectively. Optical properties of the product were also studied. PL emission image showed that the product exhibited an emission peak at 308 nm in ultraviolet region showing a blue shift of 14 nm compared to the bulk material. The formation mechanism of PbS nanorods in the presence of calix[4]arene is discussed.
Gender symmetry in prevalence, severity, and chronicity of physical aggression against dating partners by university students in Mexico and USA
Authors: Straus Murray A. , Ramirez Ignacio Luis 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe paper reports results from analyses of the physical aggression against dating partners by four samples of university students in Ciudad Juarez, Mexico, Mexican Americans and Non‐Mexican Whites in El Paso and Lubbock Texas, and New Hampshire (N=1,544). The percent reporting partner violence (PV) was high in all samples, but also differed significantly between samples. The lowest rate was in New Hampshire (29.7%), followed by Texas, Non‐Mexican Whites (30.9%), Texas Mexican American (34.2%), and the highest rate was in Juarez (46.1%). When only severe assaults were compared, the differences between samples was similar, i.e., lowest in New Hampshire and highest in Juarez. In all four samples, there was no significant difference between males and females in either the overall prevalence of physical aggression or the prevalence of severe attacks. Among the 553 couples where one or both of the partners were violent, in almost three quarters of the cases (71.2%) there was gender symmetry in the sense that both partners engaged in this type of behavior. When only one partner was violent, this was twice as likely to be the female partner (19.0%) as the male partner (9.8%). Among the 205 couples where there was an act of severe aggression, symmetry was less prevalent (56.6%), but when only one partner was violent, it was again twice as likely to be the female partner (29.8% female only versus 13.7 male partner only). These results are consistent with the gender symmetry in PV found in many studies. They extend those results by showing that gender symmetry prevails in four different cultural contexts. The presence of gender symmetry in these different cultural contexts, combined with studies showing that women are injured more often and more seriously by partner‐assaults, and studies showing that women initiate PV as often as men, suggests that programs and policies aimed at primary prevention of PV by women are crucial to ending PV and for reducing the victimization of men and women. Aggr. Behav. 33:281–290, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Young adults' media use and attitudes toward interpersonal and institutional forms of aggression
Authors: Brady Sonya S. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractLinks between media violence exposure and favorable attitudes toward interpersonal violence are well established, but few studies have examined whether associations extend to include favorable attitudes toward institutional forms of aggression. Studies on this topic have not assessed multiple forms of media use and statistically controlled for individual characteristics likely to influence attitudes beyond sociodemographic information. In this study, undergraduate students (N=319) aged 18–20 years (56% male) completed a survey assessing media use (number of hours per week spent playing videogames, watching movies/TV shows, watching TV sports) and attitudes toward interpersonal violence, punitive criminal justice policies, and different types of military activities (preparedness/defense and aggressive intervention). Greater number of hours spent watching TV contact sports was associated with more favorable attitudes toward military preparedness/defense, aggressive military intervention, and punitive criminal justice policies among men independently of parental education, lifetime violence exposure within the home and community, aggressive personality, and constrained problem solving style. Greater number of hours spent watching violent movies/TV was associated with more favorable attitudes toward military preparedness/defense among men and with more favorable attitudes toward interpersonal violence and punitive criminal justice policies among women, but these associations became non‐significant when adjusting for covariates. Aggr. Behav. 33:519–525, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Aus der Sicht des Synthetikers: Palladiumkomplexe N‐heterocyclischer Carbene als Katalysatoren für Kreuzkupplungen
Authors: Kantchev Eric Assen B. , O'Brien Christopher J. , Organ Michael G. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractPalladiumkatalysierte C‐C‐ und C‐N‐Kupplungen zählen zu den vielseitigsten und leistungsfähigsten Syntheseverfahren. Seit 15 Jahren erfreuen sich die N‐heterocyclischen Carbene (NHCs) wachsender Beliebtheit als Liganden für palladiumvermittelte Kreuzkupplungen und ähnliche Methoden. Sie sind in vielerlei Hinsicht den üblichen tertiären Phosphanen überlegen. Weil NHCs stark σ‐elektronenschiebend sind, können sie auch anspruchsvolle Substrate zu oxidativen Insertionen bewegen. Andererseits führen ihre Sperrigkeit und ihre besondere Topologie zu einer raschen reduktiven Eliminierung. Schließlich tragen die starken Pd‐NHC‐Bindungen zur hohen Stabilität der aktiven Spezies bei – auch bei niedrigen Ligand/Pd‐Verhältnissen und hohen Temperaturen. Wenn erst stabile, anwenderfreundliche und leistungsstarke NHC‐Pd‐Präkatalysatoren kommerziell verfügbar sind, liegt das Ziel eines universellen Kreuzkupplungskatalysators in greifbarer Nähe. Dieser Aufsatz beschreibt zunächst die chemischen Grundlagen zu den NHC‐Pd‐Komplexen, um ihre Besonderheiten kennenzulernen. Anschließend folgt eine umfassende Diskussion zur Anwendung dieser Katalysatoren in C‐C‐ und C‐N‐Kreuzkupplungen sowie in der Carbopalladierung.
Developmental Basis of Limb Homology in Lizards
Authors: Fabrezi Marissa , Abdala Virginia , Oliver María Inés Martínez 
Published: April 2007

AbstractShubin and Alberch (Evol Biol 1986;20:319–387) proposed a scheme of tetrapod limb development based on cartilage morphogenesis that provides the arguments to interpret the homologies of skeletal elements and sets the basis to explain limb specialization through later developmental modification. Morphogenetic evidence emerged from the study of some reptiles, but the availability of data for lizards is limited. Here, the study of adult skeletal variation in 41 lizard taxa and ontogeny in species of Liolaemus and Tupinambis attempts to fill in this gap and provides supporting evidence for the Shubin‐Alberch scheme. Six questions are explored. Is there an intermedium in the carpus? Are there two centralia in the carpus? Is there homology among proximal tarsalia of reptiles? Does digit V belong to the digital arch? Is the pisiform an element of the autopodium plan? And should the ossification processes be similar to cartilage morphogenesis? We found the following answers. Some taxa exhibit an ossified element that could represent an intermedium. There is one centrale in the carpus. Development of proximal tarsalia seems to be equivalent with that observed among reptiles. Digit V could arise from the digital arch. Pisiform does not arise as part of the limb plan. And different patterns of ossification occur following a single and conservative cartilaginous configuration. Lizard limb development shows an early pattern common to other reptiles with clear primary axis and digital arch. The pattern then becomes lizard‐specific with specialization involving some reduction in prechondrogenic elements. Anat Rec 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.