bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An adaptive prediction and detection algorithm for multistream syndromic surveillance
Authors: Najmi Amir-Homayoon , Magruder Steve F 
Published: October 2005

Abstract

Background
Surveillance of Over-the-Counter pharmaceutical (OTC) sales as a potential early indicator of developing public health conditions, in particular in cases of interest to biosurvellance, has been suggested in the literature. This paper is a continuation of a previous study in which we formulated the problem of estimating clinical data from OTC sales in terms of optimal LMS linear and Finite Impulse Response (FIR) filters. In this paper we extend our results to predict clinical data multiple steps ahead using OTC sales as well as the clinical data itself.

Methods
The OTC data are grouped into a few categories and we predict the clinical data using a multichannel filter that encompasses all the past OTC categories as well as the past clinical data itself. The prediction is performed using FIR (Finite Impulse Response) filters and the recursive least squares method in order to adapt rapidly to nonstationary behaviour. In addition, we inject simulated events in both clinical and OTC data streams to evaluate the predictions by computing the Receiver Operating Characteristic curves of a threshold detector based on predicted outputs.

Results
We present all prediction results showing the effectiveness of the combined filtering operation. In addition, we compute and present the performance of a detector using the prediction output.

Conclusion
Multichannel adaptive FIR least squares filtering provides a viable method of predicting public health conditions, as represented by clinical data, from OTC sales, and/or the clinical data. The potential value to a biosurveillance system cannot, however, be determined without studying this approach in the presence of transient events (nonstationary events of relatively short duration and fast rise times). Our simulated events superimposed on actual OTC and clinical data allow us to provide an upper bound on that potential value under some restricted conditions. Based on our ROC curves we argue that a biosurveillance system can provide early warning of an impending clinical event using ancillary data streams (such as OTC) with established correlations with the clinical data, and a prediction method that can react to nonstationary events sufficiently fast. Whether OTC (or other data streams yet to be identified) provide the best source of predicting clinical data is still an open question. We present a framework and an example to show how to measure the effectiveness of predictions, and compute an upper bound on this performance for the Recursive Least Squares method when the following two conditions are met: (1) an event of sufficient strength exists in both data streams, without distortion, and (2) it occurs in the OTC (or other ancillary streams) earlier than in the clinical data.
Expression of Placenta growth factor (PlGF) in non-Small cell Lung cancer (NSCLC) and the clinical and prognostic significance
Authors: Zhang Lijian , Chen Jinfeng , Ke Yang , Mansel Robert E , Jiang Wen G 
Published: October 2005

Abstract

Background
Placenta growth factor (PlGF) is a member of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family. Over-expression of PlGF is known to be associated with pathological angiogenesis. This study examined PlGF expression at protein and message levels in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), in which no reports on the significance of PlGF expression is available to date.

Patients and methods
We used immunohistochemistry to assess the PlGF protein and correlated PlGF with microvessel density (MVD), as well as clinical outcome in patients with NSCLC tumours (n = 91). In addition, we applied a real time quantitative PCR assay using SYBR Green chemistry to measure PlGF mRNA in normal lung tissues and NSCLC tumours.

Results
PlGF was positively stained mainly in cytoplasm of lung cancer cells. High level staining of PlGF was found in 38.5% NSCLC patients. A high level of MVD in NSCLC was found in 42.9% of cases. Tumours with high level and low level PlGF staining had a significantly different MVD (26.69 vs. 20.79, respectively, p = 0.003). Using both univariate and multivariate analyses, PlGF was found to be an independent prognostic factor. Real time PCR analysis revealed that PlGF mRNA was higher in the cancer tissue than normal tissue (0.95 ± 0.19 vs. 0.57 ± 0.24; p < 0.005) and that PlGF mRNA was significant higher in III-IV stage patients than in I-II stage patients (1.03 ± 0.20 vs. 0.80 ± 0.17; p = 0.011).

Conclusion
PlGF expression is significantly more in NSCLC tumour tissues than in matched normal tissues. It has a significant positive association with MVD and is an independent factor for NSCLC patients. PlGF may have a pivotal role in NSCLC development and disease progression.
Circulating immune parameters predicting the progression from hospital-acquired pneumonia to septic shock in surgical patients
Authors: von Dossow Vera , Rotard Koschka , Redlich Uwe , Hein Ortrud Vargas , Spies Claudia D 
Published: October 2005

Abstract
Introduction
Hospital-acquired pneumonia after surgery is one of the major causes of septic shock. The excessive inflammatory response appears to be responsible for the increased susceptibility to infections and subsequent sepsis. The primary aim of this study was to investigate immune parameters at the onset of pneumonia, before the development of subsequent septic shock. The secondary aim was to investigate the usefulness of these immune parameters in predicting progression from hospital-acquired pneumonia to septic shock.

Methods
This propective clinical study included 76 patients with the diagnosis of hospital-acquired pneumonia. Approval was obtained from the local institutional ethics committee and relatives of the patients gave informed consent. Of the 76 patients, 29 subsequently developed septic shock. All patients were included within 4 h of establishing the diagnosis of hospital-acquired pneumonia (first collection of blood samples and the analysis of immune mediators). In addition, we defined early (within 12 h of onset of septic shock) and late (within 72 to 96 h of onset) stages of septic shock for the collection of blood samples and the analysis of immune mediators. The immune parameters tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10 as well as the endothelial leucocyte adhesion molecule were analyzed.

Results
In the pneumonia group with subsequent septic shock, levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10 were significantly increased before the onset of septic shock compared to patients without subsequent septic shock. This progression was best predicted by IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10 (area under the curve ≥ 0.8).

Conclusion
At the onset of hospital-acquired pneumonia, a significant relevant systemic cytokine mediated response had already been initiated. It might, therefore, be possible to identify patients at risk for septic shock with these predictive markers during early pneumonia. In addition, immune modulating therapy might be considered as adjuvant therapy.
Capability of B-Type Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) and Amino-Terminal proBNP as Indicators of Cardiac Structural Disease in Asymptomatic Patients with Systemic Arterial Hypertension
Authors: Mueller Thomas , Gegenhuber Alfons , Dieplinger Benjamin , Poelz Werner , Haltmayer Meinhard 
Published: October 2005

Abstract
Background: The aim of the present study was to prospectively evaluate the diagnostic utility of B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and amino-terminal proBNP (NT-proBNP) measurements for the detection of cardiac structural disease in asymptomatic patients with systemic arterial hypertension and to test the hypothesis that the 2 analytes are equally useful in this clinical setting.
Methods: We studied a consecutive series of 149 asymptomatic patients referred for echocardiographic evaluation of the cardiac effects of systemic arterial hypertension. Diagnosis of cardiac structural disease was based on the presence of systolic or diastolic dysfunction, left atrial dilatation, left ventricular dilatation or hypertrophy, pulmonary hypertension, and wall motion or valvular abnormalities. Blood concentrations of BNP and NT-proBNP were measured by 2 commercially available assays (Abbott AxSYM and Roche Elecsys, respectively). Diagnostic accuracies of BNP and NT-proBNP were assessed by ROC curve analysis. Areas under the curves were compared by analysis of equivalency.
Results: In distinguishing between hypertensive patients with cardiac structural disease (n = 118) and hypertensive patients without (n = 31), areas under the curves were 0.740 (95% confidence interval, 0.662–0.808) for BNP and 0.762 (0.685–0.828) for NT-proBNP and were significantly equivalent (P = 0.015). Cutoff values with a 90% sensitivity for cardiac structural disease were 17 ng/L for BNP and 39 ng/L for NT-proBNP, with 29% and 32% specificity, respectively.
Conclusions: BNP and NT-proBNP have similar capabilities for detecting cardiac structural disease in asymptomatic patients with systemic arterial hypertension. However, in the setting evaluated, a screening strategy relying on measurement of BNP or NT-proBNP may be of limited value because of the low specificity at the selected cutoff values.
Consensus of DGKL and VDGH for interim reference intervals on enzymes in serum Konsensus von DGKL und VDGH zu vorläufigen Referenzbereichen für Serumenzyme
Authors: Thomas Lothar , Müller Matthias , Schumann Gerhard , Weidemann Gerhard , Klein Gerhard , Lunau Stephan , Pick Karl-Heinz , Sonntag Oswald 
Published: October 2005

Abstract
In response to proposals of scientific associations the German Medical Association recommended the use of international standard procedures for the determination of enzymes and a change of the measurement temperature to 37°C in 1992. According to the recommendations, reference intervals for the new reference procedures should have been published by 1995. After a transition period, which had been extended several times, the clinical chemistry laboratories finally had to follow the recommendations and to use the new IFCC reference procedures as of April 1, 2003. However, reference intervals evaluated in a multicentre study have not been published until now. There is only one German study on preliminary upper reference limits of five enzymes in serum of hospitalized subjects using the new IFCC reference procedures. Since no multicentre study is intended in the near future, an expert working group of DGKL and VDGH recommended the use of preliminary reference intervals on enzymes in serum until final values have been determined. The interim values result from experiences of the past 3 years, from previous studies in different countries using comparable methodologies, or were derived from reference intervals obtained at 25°C and converted by method and temperature conversion factors.
Monitoring of platelet activation and function after ischemic stroke Thrombozytenaktivität und -funktion nach ischämischem zerebralem Insult
Authors: Marquardt Lars , J. Grau Armin 
Published: October 2005

Abstract
Assessment of platelet activation after ischemic stroke could be clinically valuable if platelet markers existed that predict the risk of recurrent events and reflect the effect of antiplatelet therapy. Recently developed techniques such as the detection of activation-dependent neoantigens on the platelet surface by flow cytometry, the platelet function analyzer (PFA), or whole blood aggregometry represent methods that in the future could become helpful tools in stroke care. Studies showed an increased expression of activation-dependent markers such as CD62p (p-selectin) or CD63 after ischemic stroke, however, for these and other parameters it remains unclear whether an increased expression at any time point after stroke heralds an increased risk of future events. Sufficiently powered studies on the predictive value of platelet activation parameters and on effects of antiplatelet agents on these parameters after stroke are required in order to validate the potential clinical usefulness of these recently developed techniques.
Preliminary Investigation of Air Bubbling and Dietary Sulfur Reduction to Mitigate Hydrogen Sulfide and Odor from Swine Waste
Authors: Clark O. Grant , Morin Brent , Zhang Yongcheng , Sauer Willem C. , Feddes John J. R. 
Published: October 2005

ABSTRACTWhen livestock manure slurry is agitated, the sudden release of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) can raise concentrations to dangerous levels. Low‐level air bubbling and dietary S reduction were evaluated as methods for reducing peak H2S emissions from swine (Sus scrofa) manure slurry samples. In a first experiment, 15‐L slurry samples were stored in bench‐scale digesters and continuously bubbled with air at 0 (control), 5, or 10 mL min−1 for 28 d. The 5‐L headspace of each digester was also continuously ventilated at 40 mL min−1 and the mean H2S concentration in the outlet air was <10 μL L−1 On Day 28, the slurry was agitated suddenly. The peak H2S concentration exceeded instrument range (>120 μL L−1) from the control treatment, and was 47 and 3.4 μL L−1 for the 5 and 10 mL min−1 treatments, respectively. In a second experiment, individually penned barrows were fed rations with dietary S concentrations of 0.34, 0.24, and 0.15% (w/w). Slurry derived from each diet was bubbled with air in bench‐scale digesters, as before, at 10 mL min−1 for 12 d and the mean H2S concentration in the digester outlet air was 11 μL L−1 On Day 12, the slurry was agitated but the H2S emissions did not change significantly. Both low‐level bubbling of air through slurry and dietary S reduction appear to be viable methods for reducing peak H2S emissions from swine manure slurry at a bench scale, but these approaches must be validated at larger scales.
Effect of Manure on Escherichia coli Attachment to Soil
Authors: Guber A. K. , Shelton D. R. , Pachepsky Ya. A. 
Published: October 2005

ABSTRACTAttachment of bacteria to soil is an important component of bacterial fate and transport. Escherichia coli are commonly used as indicators of fecal contamination in the environment. Despite the fact that E. coli are derived exclusively from feces or manure, effect of the presence of manure colloids on bacteria attachment to agricultural soils was never directly studied. The objective of this work was to evaluate the magnitude of the effect of manure on E. coli attachment to soil. Escherichia coli attachment to soil was studied in batch experiments with samples of loam and sandy clay loam topsoil that were taken in Pennsylvania and Maryland. Escherichia coli cells were added to the water–manure suspensions containing 0, 20, and 40 g L−1 of filtered liquid bovine manure, which subsequently were equilibrated with air‐dry sieved soil in different soil to suspension ratios. The Langmuir isotherm equation was fitted to data. Manure dramatically affected E. coli attachment to soil. Attachment isotherms were closer to linear without manure and were strongly nonlinear in the presence of manure. The maximum E. coli attachment occurred in the absence of manure. Increasing manure content generally resulted in decreased attachment.
Solubility and diffusivity of hydrofluorocarbons in room‐temperature ionic liquids
Authors: Shiflett Mark B. , Yokozeki A. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractGaseous absorption measurements of hydrofluorocarbons (trifluoromethane, difluoromethane, pentafluoroethane, 1,1,1,2‐tetrafluoroethane, 1,1,1‐trifluoroethane, and 1,1‐difluoroethane) in l‐n‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([bmim][PF6]) and 1‐n‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([bmim][BF4]) were performed using a gravimetric microbalance at various isothermal conditions (temperatures between 283.15 and 348.15 K) and at pressures < 2 MPa. This report shows for the first time the solubility and diffusivity data for the hydrofluorocarbons in room‐temperature ionic liquids and surprisingly large differences in the solubility among the hydrofluorocarbons. Experimental gas solubility data were successfully correlated with well‐known solution models (Margules, Wilson, and NRTL activity coefficient equations). Diffusivities obtained from the time‐dependent absorption data were well analyzed using a diffusivity model developed in this study. The present solubility and diffusivity data are also compared with those of CO2, studied in our previous study. © 2005 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2006
1,1‐Organoboration of silylethynyltin compounds studied by multinuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy: isomerization at the CC bonds and electron‐deficient SiHB bridges
Authors: Wrackmeyer Bernd , Tok Oleg L. , Khan Azim , Badshah Amin 
Published: October 2005

Abstract1,1‐Organoboration, using triethyl‐, triallyl‐ and triphenyl‐borane (BEt3, BAll3, BPh3), of dimethysilylethynyl(trimethyl)stannane, Me3SnCCSi(H)Me2 (1), affords alkenes bearing three different organometallic groups at the CC bond. For BEt3 and BPh3, the first products are the alkenes 4 with boryl and stannyl groups in cis‐positions. These rearrange by consecutive 1,1‐deorganoboration and 1,1‐organoboration into the isomers 5 as the final products, where boryl and silyl groups are in cis‐positions linked by an electron‐deficient SiHB bridge. 1,1‐Ethylboration of bis(dimethylsilylethynyl)dimethylstannane, Me2Sn[CCSi(H)Me2]2 (2), leads to the stannacyclopentadiene 6 along with non‐cyclic di(alkenyl)tin compounds 7 and 8. 1,1‐Ethylboration of ethynyl(trimethylstannylethynyl)methylsilane, Me(H)Si(CCSnMe3)CCH (3), leads selectively to a new silacyclopentadiene 13 as the final product. The reactions were monitored and the products were characterized by multinuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H, 11B, 13C, 29Si and 119Sn NMR). Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A convenient synthesis of methylindium(III) dithiolate complexes—precursors for indium sulfides
Authors: Ghoshal Shamik , Kushwah Nisha P. , Dutta Dimple P. , Jain Vimal K. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractMethylindium(III) dithiolate complexes of the general formulae [Me2In(S∩S)] (1) and [MeIn(S∩S)2] (2) [S∩S = (EtO)2PS2−, (PriO)2PS2−, Et2NCS2−, $\hbox{Pr}^{\rm i}_{2}\hbox{NCS}{_{2}}^{-}$, O(CH2CH2)2NCS2−, EtOCS2− and PriOCS2−] have been isolated conveniently by the reaction of Me3In·OEt2 with In(S∩S)3 (3) in an appropriate stoichiometry. Both 1 and 2 have been characterized by indium analysis, IR, NMR (1H, 13C{1H} and 31P{H}) and mass spectral data. NMR data of 3 are also included for comparison. The Me–In and S∩S resonances are sensitive to the number of methyl groups attached to indium metal. The mass spectral data indicate that these complexes are monomeric in nature. The thermal behavior of a few complexes has been investigated. The xanthate and dithiocarbamate complexes on pyrolysis under dynamic vacuum or flowing nitrogen atmosphere gave either In2S3 or a mixture of InS, In2S3 and In6S7, which were characterized using EDAX and powder XRD. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Enantiomeric 1,2,4‐Trioxanes Display Equivalent in vitro Antimalarial Activity Versus Plasmodium falciparum Malaria Parasites: Implications for the Molecular Mechanism of Action of the Artemisinins
Authors: O’Neill Paul M. , Rawe Sarah L. , Borstnik Kristina , Miller Alison , Ward Stephen A. , Bray Patrick G. , Davies Jill , Oh Chang Ho , Posner Gary H. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThe aim of this study was to synthesise pure enantiomers of potent antimalarial 1,2,4‐trioxanes, which are related to the natural antimalarial artemisinin, and then to assay each against a panel of Plasmodium falciparum strains. The working hypothesis was that if the artemisinin derivatives interact with a specific protein‐target site, then there should be stereoselective differences in their activity. In five different P. falciparum isolates, however, the trioxane enantiomers (+)‐7 a, (−)‐7 a and (+)‐7 b, (−)‐7 b, showed the same level of in vitro antiparasitic activity.
Synthesis, Characterization and Biological Activity of trans‐Platinum(II) and trans‐Platinum(IV) Complexes with 4‐Hydroxymethylpyridine
Authors: Martínez Alberto , Lorenzo Julia , Prieto Maria J. , de Llorens Rafael , Font‐Bardia Mercè , Solans Xavier , Avilés Francesc X. , Moreno Virtudes 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThe synthesis and chemical characterization of two new trans platinum complexes, trans‐[PtCl2NH3(4‐hydroxymethylpyridine)] (1) and trans‐[PtCl4NH3(4‐hydroxymethylpyridine)] (2) are described. Their ability to interact with 5′‐GMP by themselves and in the presence of reducing agents in the case of trans‐[PtCl4NH3(4‐hydroxymethylpyridine)] were tested. Circular dichroism, electrophoretic mobility in agarose gel, and atomic force microscopy studies showed that the interaction of complex 1 with DNA is stronger than that of complex 2. Cytotoxicity tests against HL‐60 tumor cells also showed higher activity for trans‐[PtCl2NH3(4‐hydroxymethylpyridine)] than for trans‐[PtCl4NH3(4‐hydroxymethylpyridine)]. Complex 1 presents similar behavior to cisplatin, but with a lower IC50 at 24 h. Complex 1 also showed high apoptosis induction.
Expanding the Number of Stable Isomeric Structures of the C80 Cage: A New Fullerene Dy3N@C80
Authors: Yang Shangfeng , Dunsch Lothar 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThe production, isolation, and spectroscopic characterization of a new Dy3N@C80 cluster fullerene that exhibits three isomers (1–3) is reported for the first time. In addition, the third isomer (3) forms a completely new C80 cage structure that has not been reported in any endohedral fullerenes so far. The isomeric structures of the Dy3N@C80 cluster fullerene were analyzed by studying HPLC retention behavior, laser desorption time‐of‐flight (LD‐TOF) mass spectrometry, and UV‐Vis‐NIR and FTIR spectroscopy. The three isomers of Dy3N@C80 were all large band‐gap (1.51, 1.33, and 1.31 eV for 1–3, respectively) materials, and could be classified as very stable fullerenes. According to results of FTIR spectroscopy, the Dy3N@C80 (I) (1) was assigned to the fullerene cage C80:7 (Ih), whereas Dy3N@C80 (II) (2) had the cage structure of C80:6 (D5h). The most probable cage structure of Dy3N@C80 (III) (3) was proposed to be C80:1 (D5d). The significant differences between Dy3N@C80 and other reported M3N@C80 (M=Sc, Y, Gd, Tb, Ho, Er, Tm) cluster fullerenes are discussed in detail, and the strong influence of the metal on the nitride cluster fullerene formation is concluded.