bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acute exposure to hymenoxon: Electron microscopic study of the mouse liver
Authors: Bowers Daniel E. , Jones Daniel H. , Sampson H. Wayne , Dunlap Mary K. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Young, male mice (25 to 30 g) were given oral doses of hymenoxon, a sesquiterpene lactone, for 5, 10, or 20 days. Hymenoxon, isolated from Hymenoxys odorata DC, was dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso) and water (1:1, v/v) and was administered daily at a dosage level of 100 mg/kg of body weight for 5, 10, or 20 days. Two control groups were maintained; 1 group was given dmso and water, and 1 group was given water only. Twenty-four hours after the last dosing, the mice were euthanatized and their livers were processed for transmission electron microscopy.
Hepatocyte organelles of hymenoxon-treated mice appeared normal although the bile canaliculi contained a fine granular material and membranous structures, including myelin figures. The canaliculi of hymenoxon-treated mice were also markedly dilated, compared with bile canaliculi in the control groups. The mean area of bile canaliculi of the 5-, 10-, and 20-day mice was 14.08 μm2, 15.65 μm2, and 17.56 μm2, respectively, compared with 7.73 μm2 for the canaliculi of dmso + water-treated mice. The P values were < 0.001, 0.02, and 0.05 for the 5-, 10-, and 20-day hymenoxon-treated mice, respectively. Seemingly, the mouse was not a good model for studying hepatic ultrastructural changes produced by hymenoxon, using dosages ≤ 100 mg/kg/day for 20 days.
Toxicity of Kalanchoe spp to chicks
Authors: Williams M. C. , Smith Mary C. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Leaves of Kalanchoe daigremontiana, K tubiflora, K fedtschenkoi, K tomentosa, K tomentosa × K beharensis, and 4 cultivars of K blossfeldiana were tested for toxicity to 2-week-old Leghorn chicks. These species were analyzed for percentage of alkaloids, aliphatic nitro compounds, soluble oxalates, and nitrates and were examined qualitatively for cyanogenic glycosides. The solubility of the toxic principle in Κ daigremontiana was determined.
Leaves of Κ daigremontiana, K tubiflora, and K fedtschenkoi were toxic to chicks at dosage levels of 8 to 12 mg/g of body weight. Toxic signs included depression, muscular incoordination, twitching and spiraling of the neck, tremors, convulsions, paralysis, and death, Kalanchoe tomentosa, K tomentosa × K beharensis, and 4 cultivars of K blossfeldiana were nontoxic at the highest dosage levels tested.
Aliphatic nitro compounds and cyanogenic glycosides were not detected in any species. Alkaloids, nitrates, and soluble oxalates were present only in nontoxic concentrations. The toxic principle in K daigremontiana was soluble in 50%, 80%, and 100% ethanol, slightly soluble in water and acetone, and insoluble in benzene, chloroform, and ether.
Abortion in the dog due to Campylobacter species
Authors: Bulgin Marie S. , Ward Alton C.S. , Sriranganathan Nammalwar , Saras Patricia 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Campylobacter jejuni was isolated from a Wheaten Terrier bitch which had aborted (in southern Idaho). A Campylobacter of undetermined species also was isolated from aborted Poodle pups (in central Washington). It appears that persons may have been the source of infection in the Idaho event, but the source for the other was not speculated.
These findings of perinatal death due to Campylobacter in dogs from widely separated areas indicate that pathologic evaluation of cases involving premature and aborted pups should include bacteriologic tests, using appropriate media and atmospheric conditions necessary for the cultivation of these organisms.
Organophosphate detoxification related to induced hepatic microsomal enzymes of chickens
Authors: Ehrich Marion , Larsen Calvert , Arnold Jesse 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Detoxification of the organophosphate malathion in its activated form (malaoxon) was increased in livers of chickens given microsomal enzyme inducers (β-naphthoflavone, 3-methylcholanthrene, butylated hydroxytoluene (bht), or polychlorinated biphenyls). Positive correlations between inducer and microsomal enzyme activity were demonstrated for β-naphthoflavone with demethylation of p-nitroanisole and for 3-methylcholanthrene and for bht with cytochrome P450/448 and cytochrome b5. Malaoxon detoxification decreased in correlation with decreases in quantities of cytochrome P450/448 in birds fed a low-protein diet. Prediction of malaoxon detoxification was aided by using enzyme activities as dependent variables in the regression model, although only in birds given bht were all of the 5 enzymes necessary for providing the best predictive model.
Megakaryocytes with intracytoplasmic blood cells
Authors: Chiu Taisan 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The phenomenon of megakaryocytes containing intracytoplasmic blood cells was frequently observed in the bone marrow of rats. The frequency appeared to increase in inflammatory or neoplastic conditions. The types of blood cells engulfed were mainly neutrophils. For the first time, megakaryocytes also were found to be engulfed.
Sensory nerve conduction velocity of cutaneous afferents of the radial, ulnar, peroneal, and tibial nerves of the cat: Reference values
Authors: Redding R. W. , Ingram J. T. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The mean conduction velocities of the compound action potentials of sensory axons of the cutaneous branches of the radial, ulnar, peroneal, and tibial nerves of the healthy cat were determined by cutaneous stimulation and recorded by averaged evoked response technique. Locations for both stimulation and recording electrodes were identified. Mean conduction velocities were: radial nerve, 83.6 ± sd 8.3; ulnar nerve, 89.2 ± 10.3; peroneal nerve, 85.3 ± 6.8; and tibial nerve, 80.2 ± 7.9 m/s.
Effect of flunixin meglumine on prostacyclin accumulation in the equine eye
Authors: Cooley P. L. , Milvae R. , Riis R. C. , Laratta L. J. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A study was performed to identify prostacyclin (pgi2) in equine aqueous humor, demonstrate an increase in pgi2 following anterior chamber paracentesis, and determine the effects of subconjunctival injection of flunixin meglumine on pgi2 accumulation.
Twenty ponies were found to be normal upon ocular examination and were placed under general anesthesia. Anterior chamber paracentesis was performed in both eyes (right and left); immediately afterward, 25 mg of flunixin meglumine was injected (subconjunctivally) in the left eye. Aqueous paracentesis was performed 1.5 hours later (both eyes). Aqueous humor samples were assayed for 6-keto pgf1α, the stable, inactive metabolite of pgi2. Eyes treated with flunixin meglumine contained less 6-keto pgf1α than did control eyes.
Transruminal and transreticular palpation of abdominal viscera of the permanently fistulated dairy cow
Authors: McCarthy P. H. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A detailed description is given of the abdominal viscera which are palpated through the walls of the rumen and reticulum of the live dairy cow surgically prepared with a permanent fistula.
Transruminal and transreticular palpation can be complementary to transrectal and transcolonic examination in gaining detailed knowledge of the topography of abdominal viscera in the live dairy cow.
Angiography of the corpus cavernosum penis in the pony stallion during erection and quiescence
Authors: Bartels J. E. , Beckett S. D. , Brown B. G. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Serial arteriography was used to determine the vascular pattern and blood flow in the penis of the pony stallion. Ponies were anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium, and catheters were surgically introduced into the internal pudendal and obturator arteries. The vascular anatomy was visualized by angiography via image-intensified fluoroscopy and was recorded on 70-mm film at 3 frames/s or by direct radiography.
Blood flow into the corpus cavernosum penis (ccp) was limited during quiescence because the blood was immediately shunted into the venous system. After vasodilation with mild stimulation from an electro-ejaculator, there was increased filling of the ccp and corpus spongiosum penis. Contrast medium injected into the internal pudendal artery entered the bulb of the penis during peak erection, but medium injected into the obturator artery could not enter the crus penis during peak erection. The contrast medium stopped in the obturator artery at the edge of the ischiocavernous muscles due to the occlusion of the deep arteries of the penis by contraction of these muscles. When contrast medium was injected directly into the ccp near the glans to outline the body of the penis, there was no evidence of venous outlets along the body.
Effects of selenium on polymorphonuclear leukocyte function in goats
Authors: Aziz E. S. , Klesius P. H. , Frandsen J. C. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (pmn) from goats fed selenium-deficient and selenium-adequate diets were tested for their ability to perform (i) random migration under agarose, (ii) leukotaxis toward serum chemotaxins under agarose, and (iii) phagocytosis of opsonized zymosan by chemiluminescence analysis, Function of pmn from goats fed the selenium-deficient diet was severely depressed, and incubation of these cells with selenium resulted in marked functional enhancement. Also, administration of selenium to goats fed the selenium-deficient diet resulted in increased pmn functions. Increase or decrease in pmn function was associated with corresponding alterations in blood, serum, and intracytoplasmic pmn glutathione peroxidase activities. It was concluded that a selenium-inadequate diet fed to goats results in depressed pmn function which is associated with physiologic changes in glutathione peroxidase levels.
Dexamethasone and prednisolone in the horse: Pharmacokinetics and action on the adrenal gland
Authors: Toutain Pierre L. , Brandon Roslyn A. , Pomyers Harold de , Alvinerie Michel , Baggot J. Desmond 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Pharmacokinetics of dexamethasone and prednisolone were studied in 6 horses given dexamethasone alcohol (iv or im) or dexamethasone 21-isonicotinate as a solution iv or im (50 μg/kg of body weight), prednisolone 21-sodium succinate iv or im (0.6 mg/kg of body weight), or prednisolone acetate im (0.6 mg/kg of body weight). Plasma concentrations were determined using a high-performance liquid chromatographic method. After dexamethasone alcohol (iv) or dexamethasone 21-isonicotinate (iv), the half-life of elimination was similar (53 minutes) for both formulations. After dexamethasone (alcohol and isonicotin-ate, im), concentrations were low or nondetected. After prednisolone 21-sodium succinate (iv), the half-life of elimination (99.5 minutes) was significantly (P < 0.01) longer than that for dexamethasone. After prednisolone 21-sodium succinate (im), absorption was rapid and bioavailability was high. After prednisolone acetate (im), absorption was slow and prednisolone was present in plasma for about 7 days. Due to the nonlinearity of prednisolone kinetics, a bioavailability higher than 100% was obtained.
The basal plasma hydrocortisone concentration was approximately 70 ng/ml. After dexamethasone (iv or im), plasma hydrocortisone values decreased after a 2-hour delay and returned to base line after a 3 to 4 day delay. After prednisolone 21-sodium succinate (iv or im), plasma hydrocortisone decreased immediately (iv) or rapidly (im) and returned to base line after a 24-hour delay. After prednisolone acetate (im), plasma hydrocortisone decreased for up to 21 days.
Interactions of cold stress and Pasteurella haemolytica in the pathogenesis of pneumonic pasteurellosis in calves: Method of induction and hematologic and pathologic changes
Authors: Slocombe R. F. , Derksen F. J. , Robinson N. E. , Trapp A. , Gupta A. , Newman J. P. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Six healthy neonatal calves were chilled with cold water and had focal tracheitis induced by spraying 5% acetic acid into the tracheal lumen. Subsequently, 20 ml of sterile saline solution was injected intratracheally. The effects of these interventions on total and differential white cell counts, plasma Cortisol, histamine, and bradykinin, hematocrit, total plasma solids, and indices of the erythrocyte size and hemoglobin content were determined over the subsequent 12 hours. Cold stress increased plasma Cortisol levels for less than 1 hour, but did not alter any other variable. This group of calves served as a control group for a second series of neonatal calves which were given 2 × 109 organisms ofPasteurella haemolytica intratracheally immediately following an identical period of chilling and acetic acid exposure. Calves given P haemolytica became neutropenic. There were increased numbers of circulating band neutrophils by 12 hours after exposure, and serum cortisol values were maintained at the same or greater than cold stress concentrations for all measurement periods subsequent to exposure. Infected calves had acute fibrinous pneumonia from which P haemolytica was isolated. Contrary to previous reports, these data may indicate a role for the neutrophil in the pathogenesis of early lesions of pasteurellosis. Although the association of circulating corticosteroids with stress and subsequent infection is clear, our data provide no evidence to indicate that circulating histamine or bradykinin are involved in the pathogenesis of the acute lesions of Pasteurella pneumonia.
Effect of levamisole on lymphocyte blastogenesis and neutrophil function in dexamethasone-treated cattle
Authors: Roth James A. , Kaeberle Merlin L. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Levamisole was evaluated at 6 dose levels for its ability to prevent the dexamethasone-induced suppression of in vitro lymphocyte blastogenesis or neutrophil function in cattle. Dexamethasone (0.4 mg/kg of body weight, im) and levamisole hydrochloride (0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, or 8.0 mg/kg orally) were administered to groups of 4 cattle daily for 3 days. Another group of 4 cattle were given the 3-day dexamethasone treatment and 6.0 mg/kg of levamisole (the recommended anthelmintic dose) was given only once on the 1st day that dexamethasone was given. Results obtained from the dexamethasone-levamisole-treated cattle were compared with results obtained from cattle that were given only dexamethasone. Levamisole had no apparent consistent ability to enhance lymphocyte blastogenic responsiveness (to the mitogens phytohemagglutinin, concanavalin A, or pokeweed mitogen or in a 1-way mixed lymphocyte reaction) or to enhance neutrophil function (random migration, nitroblue tetrazolium reduction, iodination, or antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity) in dexamethasone-treated cattle.
Caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus isolated from Michigan goats
Authors: Pawlisch Ray A. , Maes Roger K. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A syncytium-forming agent with reverse transcriptase activity was isolated in cell culture from materials collected from 19 Michigan goats and 1 goat recently imported from California. Syncytia formation could be maintained by subpassaging cells or filtered supernate from infected cultures with caprine fetal synovial membrane indicator cells. Electron microscopy by negative staining with ammonium molybdate revealed 100-nm retrovirus-like particles morphologically identified as caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus. The agent was recovered from synovial membrane explants, synovial fluid, colostrum cells, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells of clinically arthritic goats. Samples were collected from 9 Michigan goat herds, and virus was isolated from 7 of these herds.
Role of canine parainfluenza virus and Bordetella bronchiseptica in kennel cough
Authors: Wagener Jeffrey S. , Sobonya Richard , Minnich Linda , Taussig Lynn M. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The effect of Bordetella bronchiseptica upper airway colonization on the clinical, radiographic, serologic, pathologic, and pulmonary function changes caused by canine parainfluenzal virus (cpiv-2) infection was studied in 24 purebred Beagle pups (10.5 ± 1.4 weeks old). Eight control dogs (group I) were not colonized or inoculated with cpiv-2. Of the 12 noncolonized dogs inoculated with cpiv-2 (group II), 9 developed antibody titers to cpiv-2 and 10 had clinical signs of infectious canine tracheobronchitis (kennel cough). Group I and group II dogs did not differ in radiographic findings or pulmonary function. Four group II dogs necropsied 1 to 5 days after clinical signs developed had laryn-gotracheobronchitis and bronchiolar inflammation not present at necropsy on 2 group I dogs. Four dogs had B bronchiseptica upper airway colonization and were inoculated with cpiv-2 (group III). All 4 group III dogs developed positive antibody titers, had clinical signs of kennel cough, and had radiographic changes. Pulmonary dynamic compliance was lower in group III than in group I or group II animals. Respiratory rate and tidal volume did not differ among the 3 groups. The 1 group III dog that was necropsied had changes similar to group II dogs with the addition of lobar bronchopneumonia. The present study indicates that asymptomatic B bronchiseptica colonization may effect the clinical, radiographic, and pulmonary function changes produced by cpiv-2 respiratory tract infections.
Inflammation induced by subcutaneous turpentine inoculation of young American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis)
Authors: Mateo M. R. , Roberts E. D. , Enright F. M. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Turpentine-induced skin lesions in young American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis) kept at 25 C were used to study inflammatory response in a reptile. Skin harvested at intervals between 4 hours and 30 days after inoculations were done had no gross changes until days 24 to 26, when superficial skin necrosis was evident. Early responses of congestion and dermal edema (4 to 8 hours) were seen by light microscopy, and these were followed by necrosis and granulocyte migration (1 to 3 days). Later, there was predominance of monocytic cells, including vacuolated macrophages (7 to 30 days). Evident at 14 days and prominent by day 30 were central dermal zones of necrotic debris surrounded by orderly palisades of vacuolated multinucleated giant cells and capillary-laden immature fibrous connective tissue. Systemic illness or visceral lesions were not observed. Controls, given inoculations of sterile saline solution, had no gross or microscopic changes.
Electron microscopy of equine respiratory viruses in organ cultures of equine fetal respiratory tract epithelium
Authors: O'Niell Fielding D. , Issel Charles J. , Henk William G. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Organ cultures of equine fetal tracheal and nasal turbinate epithelium were inoculated with equine influenza virus-A1 (eiv-A1), equine herpesvirus-1 (ehv-1), or equine rhinovirus-1 (erv-1). Infected organ cultures were processed for scanning and transmission electron microscopy at various intervals and were compared with non-infected controls. Organ cultures inoculated with erv-1 appeared normal with the exception of rare island-like lesions in infected nasal turbinate. Virus particles were not seen in thin sections of organ cultures infected with erv-1. The ehv-1 caused extensive loss of the epithelial layer in tracheal and nasal turbinate organ cultures. The classic stages of herpesvirus morphogenesis were seen in thin sections of organ cultures infected with ehv-1. The eiv-A1 caused a scattered loss of cilia that was only apparent in infected tracheal organ cultures. Cilia were also seen bound in bundles. In thin sections, eiv-A1 particles were seen budding from the bases of microvilli.
Functional and ultrastructural changes in neutrophils from mares and foals experimentally inoculated with a respiratory tract strain of equine herpesvirus-1
Authors: Coignoul F. L. , Bertram T. A. , Cheville N. F. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Neutrophils isolated from venous blood of adult and foal ponies inoculated with equine herpesvirus-1 were evaluated by in vitro function tests and by electron microscopy. Foals had fever and severe neutropenia 24 hours after inoculation; increased neutrophil random migration under agarose and decreased antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity were significant at 24 hours, but values had returned to preinoculation levels by 72 hours. Mares had fever and leukopenia of less severity, increases in neutrophil migration, and longer persistence of primary granule release than were seen in foals. Reduced migration and degranulation, and a decrease in antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity seen with neutrophils from foals, as compared with mares, may relate to the high susceptibility of foals to equine herpesvirus-1 infection.
Ultrastructure of canine, feline, and bovine mast cell neoplasms
Authors: Madewell B. R. , Munn R. J. , Phillips L. K. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Biopsy specimens were collected from skin or spleen from 8 dogs, 7 cats, and 1 cow with mast cell neoplasms. Following histopathologic grading, the neoplasms were examined by transmission electron microscopy with the intention of reviewing their fine structure and recording new findings. For 2 feline specimens, short-term cell cultures were established, and adherent cells were fixed in situ and examined with the electron microscope.
In addition to the usual array of mast cell organelles, including Golgi apparatus, secretory granules, mitochodria, vesicles, tubules, microfilaments, and ribosomes, important findings included coarse interdigitation of cytoplasmic projections between adjacent mast cells; intracytoplasmic parallel stacks of 10 nm diameter filaments as well as parallel arrays of coarse, 120 to 150 nm diameter tubules; the appearance of coated vesicles and caveolae on cell surfaces; the appearance of endocytosed erythrocytes; and the formation of giant secretory granules.
Staphylococcus sciuri subsp lentus associated with goat mastitis
Authors: Poutrel B. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
An organism recovered from mastitic milks of goats was identified as Staphylococcus sciuri subsp lentus. Isolation of this organism in pure cultures from individual half-udder samples of 5 goats of 18 affected, confirms that it possesses pathogenic potential.
Radial immunodiffusion enzyme assay for detection of antibodies to pseudorabies virus in swine serum
Authors: Joo H. S. , Molitor T. W. , Leman A. D. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A radial immunodiffusion enzyme assay for the detection and quantitation of antibodies to pseudorabies virus in swine sera was developed and the methods were standardized. The assay combined the principle of radial immunodiffusion with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Quantitation of pseudorabies virus antibody titers was determined by measuring the diameter of a colored circular zone after overnight incubation of antibody with antigen. The specificity and sensitivity of the radial immunodiffusion enzyme assay were compared with that of the standard virus-neutralization test, and the results were determined to be correlated highly (r = 0.694, P < 0.0001). The assay also appeared to be highly reproducible and simple to perform.