bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Facile preparation of KNN thin film with high purity phase and excellent electrical properties
Authors: Nguyen Phuong T M , Nguyen Tai , Vu Thu-Hien 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Obtaining high purity alkali niobate (K
x
Na1-x
NbO3) thin films without secondary phase on metal coated traditional silicon (Si) substrates via sol–gel technique has remained great challenges until now. Herein, we report K0.5Na0.5NbO3 (KNN) thin films successfully deposited on Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si(100) substrates by a simply effective sol–gel process. A comprehensive and systematic investigation of processing conditions on the microstructures and electrical properties of spin-coated KNN films was presented. We have found that phase purity and microstructures of KNN films are strongly influenced by content of alkali excess and the annealing temperature. Thin films with an equal excess amount of 10% mol K and Na (KNN1) sintered at 650 °C show high crystallinity with a preferred (100)-orientation degree of 78%, and homogeneous and dense surface with columnar structure and large grain size up to 254 nm. The result of quantitative XPS analysis has proved that the composition of the film is close to the chemical stoichiometry. As a consequence, the obtained KNN1 films exhibit a large dielectric constant of 775 and low dielectric loss of ∼2% in the wide frequency range from 1kHz up to 10MHz as well as the best shape of P−E loops. Furthermore, leakage current density of the film is about 9.45 × 10−5 A cm−2 at E ≈100 kV cm−1.
Severe reduction in spawning days and larval abundance of walleye pollock under future warming in the western East/Japan Sea
Authors: Kim Yong-Yub , Lee Seung-Tae , Kim Bong-Gwan , Cho Yang-Ki , Lee Chung Il , Kim Sangil , Tak Yong-Jin 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The collapse of walleye pollock catch in the Korean fishing region during the late 1980s remains unresolved despite enormous efforts to recover its stock. To investigate the future fate of walleye pollock in the western East/Japan Sea (EJS) in the late 21st century, we implemented a dynamical downscaling approach by developing high-resolution regional ocean climate models (1/20°) with the selected Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 6 (CMIP6) global climate models. We analyzed the changes in the spawning days and larval distribution of walleye pollock in the western EJS. Under the SSP5–8.5 global warming scenario, the suitable spawning period ratio of walleye pollock was drastically reduced by 76%. The severe reduction in spawning days in the western EJS was mainly attributed to ocean warming caused by a decrease in atmospheric surface cooling. Moreover, our particle tracking experiment showed substantial loss of eggsand larvae south of 38° N. Our study projected a drastic collapse of walleye pollock in the western EJS and proposed a variety of collapse patterns based on local circulation under future warming conditions. These findings can help the local fishing industry adapt and assist neighboring governments in planning future fisheries management strategies.
Assessment of temperature and ITCs on single gate L-shaped tunnel FET for low power high frequency application
Authors: Singh Prabhat , Yadav Dharmendra Singh 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In a vertical TFET structure, controllability over the gate is enhanced because of the favorable electrostatic potential and tunneling under the entire gate region by preventing the direct source to drain tunneling. For an L-shaped TFET, the Band-to-Band-Tunneling (BTBT) is perpendicular and parallel to the channel length. Also, it has a higher I

on
(ON-current) with suppressed ambipolar current (low I

ambi
) and is more scalable than other vertical BTBT mechanism-based TFET structures. The reliability of n-type single gate L-shaped TFET (SG-nLTFET) is investigated by examining: (1) impact of temperature (Temp

K
) variation (from 260 K to 460 K) and (2) Interface trap charge (ITCs) polarity at fixed charge density on analog /RF /linearity figure of merits (FOMs). The obtained results reveal that change in polarity of ITCs at the Si/HfO
2 interface,modifies the analogue characteristics of the SG-nLTFET significantly in terms of turn-on voltage as well as I

on
. The temperature sensitivity of SG-nLTFET device indicates that the ShockleyReadHall (SRH) and Trap-Assisted-Tunneling (TAT) phenomenon dominates at lower gate bias and degrades the I

on
/I

off
ratio at high temperatures. On the other hand, the BTBT mechanism predominates in the subthreshold regime of transfer characteristics. Furthermore, the results reveal that the off-state current (I

off
) degrades dramatically at high temperatures. According to the empirical analysis, SG-nLTFET is insusceptible to Positive-ITCs (Donor trap charges, P-ITCs) present at Si/HfO
2 interface in comparison to Negative-ITCs (Acceptor trap charges, N-ITCs).
The degree of economic development pattern of economy
Authors: Guo Yuan-Yuan , Han Xiao-Pu 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In this article, we explore the concept and measurement of the degree of economic development pattern (DEDP) of economy, which refers to the extent to which the development of an economy can serve as a reference for other economies. Utilizing 76 macroeconomic indicators across 217 economies, the economic development paths in a standardized space of economy is compared to identify variations in DEDP through the regression analysis on the relationship between the similarity of development paths and the growth rate on gross domestic product (GDP) per capita. To measure DEDP of economy from different perspective, two types of metrics are constructed. One is the determination coefficient of regression analysis, which exhibits significant positive correlations with population size of economy, uncovering differences of development paths among economies of varying population sizes. The other type of metrics is based on the consistency on regression coefficients and effectively explains disparities among economies in the growth rate on GDP per capita, economic complexity index and economic fitness. These findings reveal the differences in development paths among different countries from the perspective of referentiality for development patterns, suggesting the potential existence of the paths with more universal meaning to economic development.
Coumarin-based fluorescent probe synthesized by one-step reaction for sensitive detection of hydrazine and its application
Authors: Geng Xiangdong , Zheng Xiaoyan , Tang Keyong , Liu Jie 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
A coumarin-derivative fluorescent probe 3-(2-naphthyl)-7-acetoxycoumarin (TTAM) for hydrazine detection was successfully designed and synthesized. Hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy and high-resolution mass spectrometry showed that the nucleophilic substitution that occurred between hydrazine and the acyl oxide group of TTAM led to the probe fluorescence intensity increasing significantly and a remarkable color change that could be distinguished by using the naked eye. The reaction could be finished in 120 s and the detection limit was only 3.1 × 10−8 M. Moreover, a simple test paper was successfully developed that could be applied for the rapid detection of hydrazine in water samples.
Cognitive Decline After Divorce and Widowhood: Is Marital Loss Always a Loss?
Authors: Hanes Douglas William , Clouston Sean A P 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background and Objectives
We used longitudinal data to determine whether the type of marital loss is associated with the rate of cognitive change before and after divorce or widowhood. Previous research found that relationship status was associated with older adults’ cognitive performance: married persons performed better on memory assessments and had lower dementia risk than unmarried-cohabitating, never-married, divorced, and widowed persons. However, the end of a marriage may cause distress or reduce distress because a stressor disappears. Questions thus remain about the mechanisms by which marital change affects cognitive outcomes and, specifically, whether termination of marriage can improve cognitive performance for some.

Research Design and Methods
Using data from the 1998–2016 waves of the Health and Retirement Study (N = 23,393), we conducted two analyses. First, we used trajectory analysis to create clusters of participants with similar cognitive trajectories and tested the association between participants’ cluster membership and marital loss type. Second, we used multilevel modeling to analyze the relationship between participants’ cognitive scores while married and following divorce or widowhood and linked these to marital features.

Results
Participants who divorced showed no difference in trajectory distribution; widowed participants were more likely to be in the lower-performing and more quickly declining groups. Participants had lower rates of decline following divorce (β = .136, p &lt; .001), while widowed participants had accelerated decline following spousal death (β = −0.183, p &lt; .001) and an immediate decline following spousal death (β = −0.113, p = .028).

Discussion and Implications
We found that the type of marital loss was important, and predicted improvements in cognition for some and decrements for others, with individuals who were divorced performing best while those who were widowed or separated but not divorced performing worse.
Shared Activities as a Protective Factor Against Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia and Caregiver Stress
Authors: Petrovsky Darina V , Yildiz Mustafa , Yefimova Maria , Sefcik Justine S , Baker Zachary G , Ma Kris Pui Kwan , Rahemi Zahra , Bacsu Juanita-Dawne R , Smith Matthew Lee , Pickering Carolyn E Z 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Most persons with dementia experience behavioral and psychological symptoms (BPSD). While there is evidence that structured activity programs can be beneficial for persons with dementia and their caregivers, it is not well understood how joint engagement in shared activities affects BPSD and caregiver stress. The purpose of this study was to examine the moderating effect of doing a shared activity on the BPSD and caregiver stress.

Research Design and Methods
This study used an intensive longitudinal observational design in which caregivers completed baseline and once-a-day diary surveys for 21 days. Caregivers were asked whether they did a pleasant noncare activity with their relative, the presence of 8 BPSD, and their stress level. A moderation model in a structural equation model examined the relationship between these variables.

Results
Our sample consisted of 453 caregivers (87.4% female, 51.4% non-Hispanic White, mean age 53 years [standard deviation {SD}: 14]) and person living with dementia whose mean age was 79 years (SD: 9). On days when the caregivers engaged in a shared activity together with person living with dementia, there was a significant decrease in the BPSD (estimate −0.038, standard error [SE] = 0.016, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.069, −0.007, p value = 0.018). The effects of engaging in a shared activity decreased the impact of caregiver stress by 0.052 (estimate −0.052, SE = 0.018, 95% CI: −0.087, −0.017, p value = 0.004). At the between-person level, no differences were found in BPSD across caregivers who engaged or did not engage in shared activities.

Discussion and Implications
The results of our study indicate that doing a shared activity is associated with reduced BPSD among persons with dementia and may buffer the impact of caregiver stress on BPSD. Shared activities should be considered a key intervention component for dementia caregivers.
Progress in Access and Oral Polio Vaccine Coverage Among Children Aged &lt;5 Years in Polio Campaigns After the Political Change in Afghanistan
Authors: Sabawoon Wrishmeen , Seino Shion , Pason Bakht Mohmmad , Momin Nek Wali Shah , Kanamori Sayako , Bender Connor , Takemura Kazuhisa 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
Warfare has long impeded vaccination programs in polio-endemic Afghanistan. We aimed to describe progress in access to children under 5, oral polio vaccine (OPV) coverage among children under 5 in nationwide polio campaigns, and polio surveillance performance indicators after the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan collapsed to Taliban forces in August 2021.

Methods
Trends in the number of wild poliovirus type 1 (WPV1) and circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 (cVDPV2) cases and surveillance indicators from 2015 to 2023, and trends in the OPV coverage in the November 2020–June 2022 polio campaigns, were described.

Results
From 2015 to mid-July 2020, 74 of 126 (58.7%) WPV1 cases were reported from inaccessible areas. In November 2020, 34.1% of target children under 5 were inaccessible; in November 2021 (the first postchange polio campaign), all were accessible. From November 2020, under-5 OPV coverage of 69.9% rose steadily to 99.9% in the May 2022 campaign. The number of cVDPV cases fell from 308 (2020) to zero (2022). June 2022's house-to-house OPV coverage was 34.2% higher than non–house-to-house modalities. Nonpolio acute flaccid paralysis and stool adequacy rates rose from 18.5/100 000 and 92.6% in 2020 to 24.3/100 000 and 94.4% in 2022, respectively.

Conclusions
Children's inaccessibility no longer vitiates polio eradication; polio surveillance systems are less likely to miss any poliovirus circulation.
Immigration delays but does not prevent adaptation following environmental change: experimental evidence
Authors: Durkee Lily F , Olazcuaga Laure , Melbourne Brett A , Hufbauer Ruth A 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In today’s rapidly changing world, it is critical to examine how animal populations will respond to severe environmental change. Following events such as pollution or deforestation that cause populations to decline, extinction will occur unless populations can adapt in response to natural selection, a process called evolutionary rescue. Theory predicts that immigration can delay extinction and provide novel genetic material that can prevent inbreeding depression and facilitate adaptation. However, when potential source populations have not experienced the new environment before (i.e., are naive), immigration can counteract selection and constrain adaptation. This study evaluated the effects of immigration of naive individuals on evolutionary rescue using the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum, as a model system. Small populations were exposed to a challenging environment, and 3 immigration rates (0, 1, or 5 migrants per generation) were implemented with migrants from a benign environment. Following an initial decline in population size across all treatments, populations receiving no immigration gained a higher growth rate one generation earlier than those with immigration, illustrating the constraining effects of immigration on adaptation. After 7 generations, a reciprocal transplant experiment found evidence for adaptation regardless of immigration rate. Thus, while the immigration of naive individuals briefly delayed adaptation, it did not increase extinction risk or prevent adaptation following environmental change.
The impact of burnout on over-the-counter counseling: a survey of community pharmacists in Vietnam
Authors: De Tran Van , Pham Trung Tin , Le Trung Hieu , Nguyen Thi Thanh Thao , Nguyen Minh Trung , Phan Duong Phuc , Bui Thi Bich Thuy , Nguyen Cuong Minh , Dewey Rebecca Susan , Tran Nguyet Tu 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
In many countries, self-medication is, in fact, the main service provided, exhausting pharmacist time and increasing their workload. However, there are currently no reports describing the impact of burnout on patient medication counseling.

Objectives
This study was conducted to determine the influence of burnout on over-the-counter (OTC) medication counseling services in Vietnam.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted in community pharmacies across four districts in Can Tho City, Vietnam, between April and May 2023. Burnout was assessed using the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS), comprising three subscales: emotional exhaustion (EE; 9 items), depersonalization (DP; 5 items), and personal accomplishment (PA; 8 items). OTC medication counseling activities were evaluated using 12 questions.

Results
Of the 385 participants recruited, 22.3% reported high work intensity as a common factor contributing to burnout. Pharmacists with burnout had significantly lower medication counseling scores than those without burnout (mean = 4.35 vs. mean = 4.55, P = 0.005). Of the 12 OTC medication counseling activities, 6 activities, including inquiring about the recent medications used by the patient (P = 0.044), discouraging long-term medication use (P = 0.021), warning about the possibility of self-misdiagnosis (P &lt; 0.001), warning about the possibility of the patient choosing the wrong treatment method (P = 0.001), providing advice on improving health (P = 0.005), and inquiring about allergies in the patient (P &lt; 0.001), had significantly lower scores in pharmacists with burnout.

Conclusions
There was a significant negative association between burnout and medication counseling activities. Increasing staff numbers may be a useful solution for reducing work intensity, as this factor is reported to contribute the most to burnout among current pharmacists.
German cockroach extract prevents IL‐13‐induced CCL26 expression in airway epithelial cells through IL‐13 degradation
Authors: Alzahrani Khadija Rashed , Gomez‐Cardona Erik , Gandhi Vivek D. , Palikhe Nami Shrestha , Laratta Cheryl , Julien Olivier , Vliagoftis Harissios 
Published: March 2024

AbstractInhaled aeroallergens can directly activate airway epithelial cells (AECs). Exposure to cockroach allergens is a strong risk factor for asthma. Cockroach allergens mediate some of their effects through their serine protease activity; protease activity is also a major contributor to allergenicity. The Th2 cytokine interleukin‐13 (IL‐13) induces upregulation of the eosinophil chemotactic factor CCL26. CCL26 induces eosinophil migration in allergic inflammation. In this work, we studied the effect of cockroach proteases on IL‐13‐induced effects. Immersed cultures of the human bronchial epithelial cell line BEAS‐2B and air‐liquid interface (ALI) cultures of primary normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cells were stimulated with IL‐13, Blattella Germanica cockroach extract (CE), or both. IL‐13‐induced genes were analyzed with qRT‐PCR. IL‐13 induced upregulation of CCL26, periostin, and IL‐13Rα2 in bronchial epithelial cells which were decreased by CE. CE was heat‐inactivated (HICE) or pre‐incubated with protease inhibitors. HICE and CE preincubated with serine protease inhibitors did not prevent IL‐13‐induced CCL26 upregulation. CE‐degraded IL‐13 and specific cleavage sites were identified. CE also decreased IL‐4‐induced CCL26 upregulation and degraded IL‐4. Other serine proteases such as bovine trypsin and house dust mite (HDM) serine proteases did not have the same effects on IL‐13‐induced CCL26. We conclude that CE serine proteases antagonize IL‐13‐induced effects in AECs, and this CE effect is mediated primarily through proteolytic cleavage of IL‐13. IL‐13 cleavage by cockroach serine proteases may modulate CCL26‐mediated effects in allergic airway inflammation by interfering directly with the pro‐inflammatory effects of IL‐13 in vivo.
Air pollution, traffic noise, greenness, and temperature and the risk of incident type 2 diabetes: Results from the KORA cohort study
Authors: Badpa Mahnaz , Schneider Alexandra , Schwettmann Lars , Thorand Barbara , Wolf Kathrin , Peters Annette 
Published: March 2024

Introduction:
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a major public health concern, and various environmental factors have been associated with the development of this disease. This study aimed to investigate the longitudinal effects of multiple environmental exposures on the risk of incident T2D in a German population-based cohort.

Methods:
We used data from the KORA cohort study (Augsburg, Germany) and assessed exposure to air pollutants, traffic noise, greenness, and temperature at the participants’ residencies. Cox proportional hazard models were used to analyze the associations with incident T2D, adjusting for potential confounders.

Results:
Of 7736 participants included in the analyses, 10.5% developed T2D during follow-up (mean: 15.0 years). We found weak or no association between environmental factors and the risk of T2D, with sex and education level significantly modifying the effects of air pollutants.

Conclusion:
Our study contributes to the growing body of literature investigating the impact of environmental factors on T2D risks and suggests that the impact of environmental factors may be small.
Xanthogranulomatous mastitis: a rare entity presenting with breast lump and mimicking fibroadenoma in a young female
Authors: Acharya Kshitiz , Rijal Nejina , Kathayat Karishma , Bhusal Amrit , Karmacharya Kavita , Bhatta Naveen C. 
Published: March 2024

Introduction and importance:
Xanthogranulomatous mastitis is a rare chronic granulomatous inflammation of breast tissue, characterized by the presence of multinucleated giant cells, lipid-laden foamy macrophages, and cholesterol crystals. The breast is an extremely rare location for xanthogranulomatous inflammation.

Case presentation:
The authors describe a case of xanthogranulomatous mastitis in a 26-year-old female patient who presented with a 4×5 cm lump in her right breast. After ultrasonography (revealed a well-circumscribed hypoechoic lesion, with increased vascularity), and surgical consultation, an excisional biopsy was done, and sent for histopathologic examination, which showed features suggestive of xanthogranulomatous mastitis.

Clinical discussion:
Xanthogranulomatous mastitis, clinically as well as radiologically mimics some other conditions of breast like breast cancer, or fibroadenoma. Ultrasonography usually reveals a well-circumscribed hypoechoic lesion, with increased vascularity, and mammography usually shows BIRADs 3 to 5. Diagnosis is usually based on histopathologic findings of multinucleated giant cells, lipid-laden foamy macrophages, and cholesterol crystals. Treatment is usually surgical excision.

Conclusion:
Though xanthogranulomatous inflammations are rare in the breast, they must be considered a differential diagnosis in patients presenting with various breast symptoms like lump, pain, or features of breast malignancy.