bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The commonly used marker ELAV is transiently expressed in neuroblasts and glial cells in the Drosophila embryonic CNS
Authors: Berger Christian , Renner Simone , Lüer Karin , Technau Gerhard M. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractGlial cells in the Drosophila embryonic nervous system can be monitored with the marker Reversed‐polarity (Repo), whereas neurons lack Repo and express the RNA‐binding protein ELAV (Embryonic Lethal, Abnormal Vision). Since the first description of the ELAV protein distribution in 1991 (Robinow and White), it is believed that ELAV is an exclusive neuronal and postmitotic marker. Looking at ELAV expression, we unexpectedly observed that, in addition to neurons, ELAV is transiently expressed in embryonic glial cells. Furthermore, it is transiently present in the proliferating longitudinal glioblast, and it is transcribed in embryonic neuroblasts. Likewise, elav‐Gal4 lines, which are generally used as postmitotic neuronal driver lines, show expression in neural progenitor cells and nearly all embryonic glial cells. Thus, in the embryo, elav can no longer be considered an exclusive marker or driver for postmitotic neurons. elav loss‐of‐function mutants show no obvious effects on the number and pattern of embryonic glia. Developmental Dynamics 236:3562–3568, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
DjCBC‐1, a conserved DEAD box RNA helicase of the RCK/p54/Me31B family, is a component of RNA‐protein complexes in planarian stem cells and neurons
Authors: Yoshida‐Kashikawa Maki , Shibata Norito , Takechi Katsuaki , Agata Kiyokazu 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe stem cells of planarians, known as neoblasts, can give rise to all cell types in planarians. Neoblasts can be identified by electron microscopy as cells with electron‐dense chromatoid bodies, which are large RNP (ribonucleoprotein) complexes, in their cytoplasm. However, the components and function of chromatoid bodies are still relatively unknown. Here we identified a DEAD box RNA helicase gene of the RCK/p54/Me31B family from a planarian EST database and showed the localization of its product in chromatoid bodies by immunoelectron microscopy. We named this gene Djcbc‐1 (Dugesia japonica chromatoid body component 1). Djcbc‐1 was also strongly expressed in the brain and in the germline stem cells of sexualized planarians. We observed chromatoid body‐like electron‐dense bodies in brain neurons, where DjCBC‐1 was also expressed. These observations suggest that common molecular components of RNP complexes may be involved in the regulation of somatic and germline stem cells, and neurons in planarians. Departmental Dynamics 236:3436–3450, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A Combined Experimental and Theoretical Study of Anion–π Interactions in Bis(pyr­imidine) Salts
Authors: Garcia‐Raso Angel , Albertí Francisca M. , Fiol Juan J. , Tasada Andrés , Barceló‐Oliver Miquel , Molins Elies , Escudero Daniel , Frontera Antonio , Quiñonero David , Deyà Pere M. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractWe report the synthesis and X‐ray characterization of an N,N′‐tetramethylenebis(2‐aminopyrimidinium) tetrafluoroborate salt that exhibits anion–π interactions that are responsible for the crystal packing. The anion forms a sandwich complex with two pyrimidine rings. When the anion is nitrate, the crystal packing is governed by anion–π interactions and hydrogen bonds, and the sandwich complex is not formed. Finally, a theoretical study of the anion–π interactions in charged pyrimidine rings is in good agreement with the experimental findings. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Dynamics of multiple intertidal bars over semi‐diurnal and lunar tidal cycles, North Lincolnshire, England
Authors: Houwelingen Selma van , Masselink Gerhard , Bullard Joanna 
Published: November 2007

AbstractMultiple intertidal bars are common features of wave‐dominated sandy beaches, yet their short‐term (<1 month) and small‐scale (<1 km) morphology and dynamics remain poorly understood. This study describes the morphodynamics of multiple intertidal bars in North Lincolnshire, England, during single and lunar tidal cycles under two contrasting conditions – first when significant wave height was <0·5 m and second when significant wave height frequently exceeded 1 m. The relative importance of swash, surf and shoaling processes in determining morphological change was examined using detailed field observations and a numerical model. The beach featured four intertidal bars and both cross‐shore and longshore bar morphology evolved during the field investigation, particularly under medium to high wave‐energy conditions. Numerical modelling suggests shoaling processes are most common on the seaward two bars under calm wave conditions (Hs < 0·5 m) and that surf zone processes become more common during neap tides and under more energetic (Hs < 0·5 m) conditions. Surf processes dominate the inner two bars, though swash influence increases in a landward direction. The numerical modelling results combined with low tide survey data and high‐resolution morphological measurements strongly suggest changes in the intertidal bar morphology are accomplished by surf zone processes rather than by shoaling wave or swash processes. This is because shoaling waves do not induce significant sediment transport to have any morphological effect, whereas swash action generally does not have enough scope to act as the swash zone is much narrower than the surf zone. It was found, however, that the absolute rate of morphological change under swash action and surfzone processes are of similar magnitudes and that swash action may induce a significant amount of local morphological change when the high tide mark is located on the upper bar, making this process important for bar morphodynamics. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
tPA‐mediated generation of plasmin is catalyzed by the proteoglycan NG2
Authors: Nolin Westley B. , Emmetsberger Jaime , Bukhari Noreen , Zhang Yan , Levine Joel M. , Tsirka Stella E. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractParalysis resulting from spinal cord injury is devastating and persistent. One major reason for the inability of the body to heal this type of injury ensues from the local increase of glial cells leading to the formation of a glial scar, and the upregulation of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) at the site of injury through which axons are unable to regenerate. Experimental approaches to overcome this problem have accordingly focused on reducing the inhibitory properties of CSPGs, for example by using chondroitinase to remove the sugar chains and reduce the CSPGs to their core protein constituents, although this step alone does not provide dramatic benefits as a monotherapy. Using in vitro and in vivo approaches, we describe here a potentially synergistic therapeutic opportunity based on tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), an extracellular protease that converts plasminogen (plg) into the active protease plasmin. We show that tPA and plg both bind to the CSPG protein NG2, which functions as a scaffold to accelerate the tPA‐driven conversion of plg to plasmin. The binding occurs via the tPA and plg kringle domains to domain 2 of the NG2 CSPG core protein, and is enhanced in some settings after chondroitinase‐mediated removal of the NG2 proteoglycan side chains. Once generated, plasmin then degrades NG2, both in an in vitro setting using recombinant protein, and in vivo models of spinal cord injury. Our finding that the tPA and plg binding is in some instances more efficient after exposure of the NG2 proteoglycan to chondroitinase treatment suggests that a combined therapeutic approach employing both chondroitinase and the tPA/plasmin proteolytic system could be of significant benefit in promoting axonal regeneration through glial scars after spinal cord injury. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Long‐term potentiation inhibition by low‐level N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor activation involves calcineurin, nitric oxide, and p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase
Authors: Izumi Yukitoshi , Tokuda Kazuhiro , Zorumski Charles F. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractLow‐level activation of N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate receptors (NMDARs) results in a decrease in the ability of tetanic stimulation to induce long‐term potentiation (LTP). This NMDAR‐mediated LTP inhibition is observed with low micromolar concentrations of NMDA or chelation of ambient extracellular zinc. In rat hippocampal slices, we examined whether LTP inhibition by 1 μM NMDA and zinc chelation share common mechanisms. We found that both forms of LTP inhibition involve nitric oxide (NO) synthase (NOS) and calcineurin. Furthermore, both forms of LTP inhibition are overcome by block of p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK), but not by inhibition of extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 1/2 or c‐Jun‐N‐terminal kinase. A p38 antagonist also overcame the block of LTP by sodium nitroprusside, an agent that releases NO, suggesting that NO release occurs upstream of MAPK activation. Despite the involvement of p38 MAPK in NMDAR‐mediated LTP inhibition, p38 antagonism did not enhance LTP induction in response to weak tetanic stimulation under baseline conditions. These results indicate that p38 MAPK is part of a complex NMDAR‐driven signaling pathway involving calcineurin and NO that helps to regulate synaptic plasticity in the CA1 region. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of quadrivalent human papillomavirus (types 6, 11, 16, 18) L1 virus‐like‐particle vaccine in Latin American women
Authors: Perez Gonzalo , Lazcano‐Ponce Eduardo , Hernandez‐Avila Mauricio , García Patricia J. , Muñoz Nubia , Villa Luisa L. , Bryan Janine , Taddeo Frank J. , Lu Shuang , Esser Mark T. , Vuocolo Scott , Sattler Carlos , Barr Eliav 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe prevalence of HPV infection in Latin America is among the highest in the world. A quadrivalent (types 6/11/16/18) human papillomavirus L1 virus‐like‐particle vaccine has been shown to be 95–100% effective in preventing HPV 6/11/16/18‐related cervical and genital disease in women naïve to vaccine HPV types. A total of 6,004 female subjects aged 9–24 were recruited from Brazil, Mexico, Colombia, Costa Rica, Guatemala and Peru. Subjects were randomized to immunization with intramuscular (deltoid) injections of HPV vaccine or placebo at enrollment (day 1), month 2 and month 6. Among vaccinated subjects in the per‐protocol population from Latin America, quadrivalent HPV vaccine was 92.8 and 100% effective in preventing cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and external genital lesions related to vaccine HPV types, respectively. These data support vaccination of adolescents and young adults in the region, which is expected to greatly reduce the burden of cervical and genital cancers, precancers and genital warts. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
On the design of a real‐time knowledge‐based system for managing logistics operations
Authors: Chow K. H. , Choy K. L. , Lee W. B. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractOver the past 10 years, various kinds of logistics information systems have been developed to store and process all sorts of data and information to support daily logistics operations. However, the logistics planning or decision‐making of logistics activity is still executed manually. In this paper, a real‐time knowledge‐based system (RKBS) is designed to support logistic service providers in making decisions during the stage of logistics planning and operation by extracting, sharing and storing real‐time logistics knowledge. The proposed system, which is suitable for usage in different business processes in a warehouse operating environment, is developed by integrating radio‐frequency identification, online analytical processing, case‐based reasoning technologies, and a branch‐and‐bound resource‐route‐optimizing programming model. Through applying the RKBS in GENCO, a US‐based logistics service company, the overall logistics servicing level is enhanced through accurate decision‐making and planning of warehouse operations. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A genetic algorithm approach to detecting temporal patterns indicative of financial statement fraud
Authors: Hoogs Bethany , Kiehl Thomas , Lacomb Christina , Senturk Deniz 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThis study presents a genetic algorithm approach to detecting financial statement fraud. The study uses a sample comprising a target class of 51 companies accused by the Securities and Exchange Commission of improperly recognizing revenue and a peer class of 339 companies matched on industry and size (revenue). Variables include 76 comparative metrics, based on specific financial metrics and ratios that capture company performance in the context of historical and industry performance, and nine company characteristics. Time‐based patterns detected by the genetic algorithm accurately classify 63% of the target class companies and 95% of the peer class companies. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Index tracking with constrained portfolios
Authors: Maringer Dietmar , Oyewumi Olufemi 
Published: November 2007

AbstractPassive portfolio management strategies, such as index tracking, are popular in the industry, but so far little research has been done on the cardinality of such a portfolio, i.e. on how many different assets ought to be included in it. One reason for this is the computational complexity of the associated optimization problems. Traditional optimization techniques cannot deal appropriately with the discontinuities and the many local optima emerging from the introduction of explicit cardinality constraints. More recent approaches, such as heuristic methods, on the other hand, can overcome these hurdles. This paper demonstrates how one of these methods, differential evolution, can be used to solve the constrained index‐tracking problem. We analyse the financial implication of cardinality constraints for a tracking portfolio using an empirical study of the Down Jones Industrial Average. We find that the index can be tracked satisfactorily with a subset of its components and, more important, that the deviation between computed actual tracking error and the theoretically achievable tracking error out of sample is negligibly affected by the portfolio's cardinality. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Knowledge representation of rules: a note
Authors: O'Leary Daniel E. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThis paper examines knowledge acquisition and representation of ‘if–then’ rules and the linkage between the two. It provides an empirical analysis of the relationship between using different knowledge representations that are logically equivalent. A priori, logically equivalent forms would be expected to result in gathering the same knowledge. However, this paper does not substantiate that conclusion. Instead, different logically equivalent representations used for knowledge elicitation can result in different orderings of the probability of events. As a result, elicitation and representation must be tightly linked. In addition, this paper finds that groups of non‐professionals can generate better orderings than individual professionals and non‐professionals. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Oestrogenic and androgenic activity of triclosan in breast cancer cells
Authors: Gee R. H. , Charles A. , Taylor N. , Darbre P. D. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractAs a consequence of its widespread use as an antimicrobial agent in consumer goods, triclosan has become distributed ubiquitously across the ecosystem, and recent reports that it can cause endocrine disruption in aquatic species has increased concern. It is reported here that triclosan possesses intrinsic oestrogenic and androgenic activity in a range of assays in vitro which could provide some explanation for the endocrine disrupting properties described in aquatic populations. In terms of oestrogenic activity, triclosan displaced [3H]oestradiol from oestrogen receptors (ER) of MCF7 human breast cancer cells and from recombinant human ERα/ERβ. Triclosan at 10−5 m completely inhibited the induction of the oestrogen‐responsive ERE‐CAT reporter gene in MCF7 cells by 10−10 m 17β‐oestradiol and the stimulation of growth of MCF7 human breast cancer cells by 10−10 m 17β‐oestradiol. On its own, 1 µm triclosan increased the growth of MCF7 cells over 21 days. Triclosan also had androgenic activity. It displaced [3H]testosterone from binding to the ligand binding domain of the rat androgen receptor (AR). Triclosan was able to inhibit the induction of the androgen‐responsive LTR‐CAT reporter gene in S115 mouse mammary tumour cells by 10−9 m testosterone and in T47D human breast cancer cells by 10−8 m testosterone at concentrations of 10−7 m and 10−6 m, respectively. Triclosan at 2 × 10−5 m antagonized the stimulation of the growth of S115+A mouse mammary tumour cells by 10−9 m testosterone. The finding that triclosan has oestrogenic and androgenic activity warrants further investigation in relation to both endocrine disruption of aquatic wildlife and any possible impact on human health. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Systematic variation of microtopography, surface chemistry and elastic modulus and the state dependent effect on endothelial cell alignment
Authors: Feinberg Adam W. , Wilkerson Wade R. , Seegert Charles A. , Gibson Amy L. , Hoipkemeier‐Wilson Leslie , Brennan Anthony B. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractWe examined how variations in elastic modulus, surface chemistry and the height and spacing of micro‐ridges interact and effect endothelial cell (EC) alignment. Specifically, we employed independent control of the surface properties in order to elucidate the relative importance of each factor. Polydimethylsiloxane elastomer (PDMSe) was fabricated with 1.5 or 5 μm tall, 5 μm spaced and 5, 10, or 20 μm wide ridge microtopographies. Elastic modulus was varied from 0.3, 1.0, 1.4, and 2.3 MPa by controlling oligomeric additives and crosslink density. Surface chemistry was left untreated, argon plasma treated, coated with fibronectin (Fn) or patterned with Fn tracks on flat PDMSe or the tops of micro‐ridges. Primary porcine vascular ECs were cultured on the PDMSe substrates and nuclear form factor (NFF) was used to determine cell orientation relative to surface microtopography. Experimental results showed that microtopographical variation strongly altered EC alignment on Fn coated surfaces, but not on plasma treated surfaces. Interestingly, similar alignment was achieved with different orientation cues, either micropatterned chemistry (2D) or microtopography (3D). In total, the effect of varying one of the experimental parameters depended strongly on the state of the others, highlighting the need for multi‐factor analysis of surface properties for applications where cells and tissue will contact synthetic materials. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2008
Vitronectin is a critical protein adhesion substrate for IL‐4‐induced foreign body giant cell formation
Authors: McNally Amy K. , Jones Jacqueline A. , MacEwan Sarah R. , Colton Erica , Anderson James M. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractAn in vitro system of interleukin (IL)‐4‐induced foreign body giant cell (FBGC) formation was utilized to define the adhesion protein substrate(s) that promotes this aspect of the foreign body reaction on biomedical polymers. Human monocytes were cultured on cell culture polystyrene surfaces that had been pre‐adsorbed with a synthetic arginine‐glycine‐aspartate peptide previously found to support optimal FBGC formation, or with various concentrations of potential physiological protein substrates, i.e. complement C3bi, collagen types I or IV, fibrinogen, plasma fibronectin, fibroblast fibronectin, laminin, thrombospondin, vitronectin, or von Willebrand factor. Cultures were evaluated on days 0 (1.5 h), 3, and 7 by May–Grünwald/Giemsa staining. Initial monocyte adhesion occurred on all adsorbed proteins. However, by day 7 of culture, only vitronectin was striking in its ability to support significant macrophage adhesion, development, and fusion leading to FBGC formation. Vitronectin supported high degrees of FBGC formation at an absorption concentration between 5 and 25 μg/mL. These findings suggest that adsorbed vitronectin is critical in the collective events that support and promote FBGC formation on biomedical polymers, and that the propensity for vitronectin adsorption may underlie the material surface chemistry dependency of FBGC formation. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2008
Preparation of hydroxyapatite‐nanocrystal‐coated stainless steel, and its cell interaction
Authors: Okada Masahiro , Masuda Miwa , Tanaka Ryoichi , Miyatake Kunio , Kuroda Daisuke , Furuzono Tsutomu 
Published: November 2007

AbstractCalcined nanocrystals of hydroxyapatite (HAp) having spherical or rod‐shaped morphologies were coated through covalent linkage on a type 316L stainless steel substrate, which was chemically modified by the graft polymerization of γ‐methacryloxypropyl triethoxysilane (MPTS) at 70–110°C. The grafting of poly(MPTS) on the substrate was confirmed by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR FT‐IR). In order to coat the substrate with the HAp crystals through covalent linkage, the reactionbetween the alkoxysilyl groupsin the poly (MPTS) grafted on the substrate and the OH groups on the HAp crystals was conducted at 80°C. The poly(MPTS)‐grafted substrate was strongly coated with the HAp nanocrystals, although the HAp crystals adsorbed physically on the original substrate without poly(MPTS) grafting were removed by ultrasonic treatment. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) adhered in larger numbers on the HAp‐coated stainless steel substrate as compared with the original substrate after 24 h of initial incubation. The number of HUVEC adhered on the rod‐shaped HAp‐coated substrate was not significantly different from that on the spherical HAp‐coated substrate under the present conditions. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 2008
Possible triggers for phase transformation in zirconia hip balls
Authors: Brown Sharon S. , Green Douglas D. , Pezzotti Giuseppe , Donaldson Thomas K. , Clarke Ian C. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe clinical history of yttria‐stabilized, zirconia (Zr) ceramic has been controversial. In the patient, combinations of hydrothermal and mechanical shocks may trigger detrimental changes in Zr balls that have inferior metastability. Transformations from tetragonal to monoclinic phase may be influenced by impingement, dislocation, and disassociation in certain patients. Hydrothermal stability was measured in Zr balls from four vendors by autoclave and mechanical models that included “cup‐impingement,” “abrasive” wear, and “3rd‐body” wear. Standard simulator tests for polyethylene (PE) wear studies combined pristine and previously transformed Zr and were also used to test lubricant effects (Zr/Zr–serum, Zr/Zr–water, Zr/PE–water). For in‐vivo comparisons we studied retrieved Zr balls at 1–15 years follow‐up by laser interferometry, SEM, EDS, XRD, and Raman spectroscopy. We found that severe mechanical shock triggered local surface destruction but little transformation. In contrast, hydrothermal processes revealed 5–13% monoclinic by 7 h, increasing at a rate of 0.56%/h for 22‐mm balls and 0.81%/h for 26‐mm balls. The all‐ceramic Zr/Zr bearings were very sensitive to lubrication mode, showing early catastrophic failure when run in water but surviving 20 million cycles when run with serum lubrication. Wear with Zr/PE combination did not trigger phase changes in water or serum but decreased the monoclinic content measured on previously transformed surfaces. Most retrieved Zr balls showed high transformation (30–85% monoclinic) but some showed no transformation. The ball areas with major monoclinic changes corresponded to PE contact, suggesting that tribological conditions under the cup were the trigger. This indicated that we understand little of the hydrothermal conditions operating under Zr/PE hip joints in‐vivo. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2008