bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The emergence of the “information have-less” class of labor in the information age and its presence in Egypt
Authors: Khalil Elgazzar Iman Mahmoud 
Published: March 2024

PurposeAt the beginning of the 21st century, a new class of information workers, the “information have-less” has risen. This class of workers alleviates the influence of information and communication technologies (ICTs) revolution on poverty and unemployment. The purpose of this study is to investigate the presence of this class of workers in Egypt and assess the size and potential growth of this category of workers.Design/methodology/approachThe study clarifies the conceptual framework of the new division of labor, in the information age. The Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics, American Chamber of Commerce in Egypt, Ministry of Communications and Information Technology and Information and Decision Support Center websites provided secondary data for this study. These data are used to assess the size of “the information have less” in Egypt.FindingsThe division of work and class, in the 21st century, depends on the level of skills possessed to work with ICTs. So, class and labor nowadays could be divided into self-programmable labor (Innovators). Information have-less labor class, adding value to the economy by learning skills and presenting repetitive work. Generic labor class, who cannot work with ICTs, and work in jobs, that do not need computers or other ICTs. The study has shown that the “information have-less” labor class is present in Egypt since the beginning of the 21st century, in all its categories; entrepreneurism, the service sector and the manufacturing sector. There are approximately 50% of this labor class in the service sector and only 13% of the information have-less works in manufacturing sector despite the great opportunities that Egypt has to expand manufacturing to absorb more employment. The inclusion of information technology (IT), in all domains, has not decreased employment in Western countries but has reallocated information have-less employment toward the service sector, and there would probably be the same effect in Egypt.Practical implicationsThe study highlights the need for Egyptian policymakers to encourage the manufacturing and service sectors to provide huge working opportunities. The Egyptian government has to change the educational policies, at all stages, to include digital learning skills so IT can be incorporated in a wide range of economic activities. Further research includes: conducting a survey to measure the contribution of the entrepreneurial part of the information have-less employment in Egypt. In addition, a model may be developed, by the researcher to examine the reallocation of employees in Egypt.Originality/valueStudying employment, in Egypt, using the conceptual framework of the information age is rarely being done.
Study on the factors affecting the performance of oil-filled pressure sensitive core
Authors: Jin Zhong , Li Xiang , He Feng , Liu Fangting , Li Jinyu , Li Junhui 
Published: March 2024

Purpose
The performance of oil-filled pressure cores is very much affected by the corrugated diaphragm and the oil filling volume. The purpose of this paper is to show the effects of different corrugated diaphragms, different oil filling volumes and different treatments of the corrugated diaphragms on the performance of pressure sensors.

Design/methodology/approach
Pressure-sensitive cores with different diaphragm diameters, different diaphragm ripple numbers and different oil filling volumes are produced, and thermal cycling is introduced to improve the diaphragm performance, and finally the performance of each pressure-sensitive core is tested and the test data are analyzed and compared.

Findings
The experimental results show that the larger the diameter of the corrugated diaphragm used for encapsulation, the better the performance. For pressure-sensitive cores using smaller diameter corrugated diaphragms, the performance of one corrugation is better than that of two corrugations. When the number of corrugations and the diameter are the same size, the performance of the outer ring of the diaphragm with concave corrugations is better than that with convex corrugations. At the same time, the diaphragm after thermal cycling treatment and appropriate reduction of encapsulated oil filling can improve the performance of the pressure-sensitive core.

Originality/value
By exploring the effects of corrugated diaphragm and oil filling volume on the performance of oil-filled pressure cores, the design of oil-filled pressure sensors can be guided to improve sensor performance.
120‐years of ecological monitoring data shows that the risk of overhunting is increased by environmental degradation for an isolated marine mammal population: The Baltic grey seal
Authors: Carroll Daire , Ahola Markus P. , Carlsson Anja M. , Sköld Martin , Harding Karin C. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

The Baltic Sea is home to a genetically isolated and morphologically distinct grey seal population. This population has been the subject of 120‐years of careful documentation, from detailed records of bounty statistics to annual monitoring of health and abundance. It has also been exposed to a range of well‐documented stressors, including hunting, pollution and climate change.

To investigate the vulnerability of marine mammal populations to multiple stressors, data series relating to the Baltic grey seal population size, hunt and health were compiled, vital demographic rates were estimated, and a detailed population model was constructed.

The Baltic grey seal population fell from approximately 90,000 to as few as 3000 individuals during the 1900s as the result of hunting and pollution. Subsequently, the population has recovered to approximately 55,000 individuals. Fertility levels for mature females have increased from 9% in the 1970s to 86% at present.

The recovery of the population has led to demands for increased hunting, resulting in a sudden increase in annual quotas from a few hundred to 3550 in 2020. Simultaneously, environmental changes, such as warmer winters and reduced prey availability due to overfishing, are likely impacting fecundity and health.

Future population development is projected for a range of hunting and environmental stress scenarios, illustrating how hunting, in combination with environmental degradation, can lead to population collapse.

The current combined hunting quotas of all Baltic Nations caused a 10% population decline within three generations in 100% of simulations. To enable continued recovery of the population, combined annual quotas of less than 1900 are needed, although this quota should be re‐evaluated annually as monitoring of population size and seal health continues.

Sustainable management of long‐lived slowly growing species requires an understanding of the drivers of population growth and the repercussions of management decisions over many decades. The case of the Baltic grey seal illustrates how long‐term ecological time series are pivotal in establishing historical baselines in population abundance and demography to inform sustainable management.
School staff delivery of a solution focused intervention to support pupils' behaviour
Authors: Watson Emma , Hayes Ben 
Published: March 2024

AbstractA single case experimental design with multiple baselines was employed to explore the relationship between a solution focused intervention delivered by school staff and the externalising behaviour of four primary school pupils. The intervention took place over four to five sessions, which were delivered by non‐specialist school staff with the use of training, supervision, and a manual. Observations of a specific positive behaviour were carried out both before and during the intervention, which were then analysed through visual and statistical analysis. A pre and post intervention questionnaire measure of pupils’ externalising behaviour was collected. For each participant, one videoed session was used to explore the fidelity of the intervention to the manual. Analysis of observations of behaviour showed a significant increase in a specific positive behaviour for three of four participants. A measure of pupils’ externalising behaviour showed a significant reduction for two of the eight questionnaires collected. Video analysis suggested variation of fidelity across participants. This research provides tentative support for specific outcomes from a solution focused intervention, when delivered by non‐psychologists who are provided with appropriate support. It has also been found that non‐specialist school staff practitioners were able to deliver the intervention through applying elements from a manual to have a positive impact on a specific behaviour for three of four participants. There is a need for further high quality research to establish the effectiveness of solution focused interventions when delivered by non‐specialists with the use of consistent intervention and outcome measures.
Comprehensive toxicity assessment of nanodiamond on Blaps polychresta: implications and novel findings
Authors: Saad Marwa , Selim Nabila , El‐Samad Lamia M. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWith the increasing development of nanomaterials, the use of nanodiamonds (NDs) has been broadly manifested in many applications. However, their high penetration into the ecosystem indubitably poses remarkable toxicological risks. This paper investigates the toxic effects of NDs on the darkling beetle, Blaps polychresta Forskal, 1775 (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). Survival analysis was carried out by monitoring the beetles for 30 d after the injection of four different doses of NDs. A dose of 10.0 mg NDs/g body weight, causing less than 50% mortality effect, was assigned in the analysis of the different organs of studied beetles, including testis, ovary, and midgut. Structural and ultrastructural analyses were followed using light, TEM, and SEM microscopes. In addition, a variety of stress markers and enzyme activities were assessed using spectrophotometric methods. Furthermore, cell viability and DNA damage were evaluated using cytometry and comet assay, respectively. Compared to the control group, the NDs‐treated group was exposed to various abnormalities within all the studied organs as follows. Significant disturbances in enzyme activities were accompanied by an apparent dysregulation in the antioxidant system. The flow cytometry results indicated a substantial decrease of viable cells along with a rise of apoptotic and necrotic cells. The comet assay demonstrated a highly increased level of DNA damage. Likewise, histological analyses accentuated the same findings showing remarkable deformities in the studied organs. Prominently, the research findings substantially contribute for the first time to evaluating the critical effects of NDs on B. polychresta, adopted as the bioindicator in this paper.
Comparative assessment of Riesling wine fault development by the electronic tongue and a sensory panel
Authors: Potter Rachel I. , Warren Claire A. , Lee Jungmin , Ross Carolyn F. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWine faults threaten brand recognition and consumer brand loyalty. The objective of this study was to compare the acuteness of e‐tongue and human sensory evaluation of wine fault development in Riesling wine over 42 days of storage. Riesling wines uninoculated (control) or inoculated with 104 CFU/mL cultures of Wickerhamomyces anomalus, Acetobacter aceti, Lactobacillus brevis, or Pediococcus parvulus were assessed every 7 days with the e‐tongue and a rate‐all‐that‐apply (RATA) sensory panel. After 7 days of storage, the e‐tongue detected differences in all four wine spoilage microorganism treatments, compared to control wine, with discrimination indices over 86%. The RATA sensory panel detected significant differences beginning on day 35 of storage, 28 days after the e‐tongue detected differences. This study showed that the e‐tongue was more sensitive than the human panel as a detection tool, without sensory fatigue.Practical ApplicationThis research is useful for winemakers seeking additional instrumental methods in the early detection of wine faults. Given the results of this study, the e‐tongue can be a useful tool for detecting early chemical changes in white wines that have undergone microbial spoilage, providing winemakers with time to mitigate faults before they surpass sensory thresholds.
Antimicrobial efficacy of a citric acid/hydrochloric acid blend, peroxyacetic acid, and sulfuric acid against Salmonella and background microbiota on chicken hearts and livers
Authors: Nakimera Emma , Cancio Leslie Pearl M. , Sullivan Gary A. , Sadat Raziya , Chaves Byron D. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis study aimed at evaluating the efficacy of a blend of citric acid and hydrochloric acid (CP), peroxyacetic acid (PAA), and sulfuric acid (SA) against Salmonella and mesophilic aerobic plate counts (APC) on chicken hearts and livers. Samples were inoculated with a five‐serovar cocktail of Salmonella at ca. 4.8 log CFU/g and treated by immersion with a water control (90 s), CP (5% v/v, 30 s), PAA (0.05% v/v or 500 ppm, 90 s), or SA (2% v/v, 30 s), all at 4°C and with mechanical agitation. Samples were vacuum packed and stored for up to 3 days at 4°C. Three independent replications were performed for each product, treatment, and time combination. The average Salmonella reductions in chicken hearts after 3 days were 1.33 ± 0.25, 1.40 ± 0.04, and 1.32 ± 0.12 log CFU/g for PAA, SA, and CP, respectively. For chicken livers, the values were 1.10 ± 0.12, 1.09 ± 0.19, and 0.96 ± 0.27 for PAA, SA, and CP, respectively. All antimicrobials reduced Salmonella counts in both chicken hearts and livers by more than one log, in contrast to the water control. All treatments effectively minimized the growth of APC for up to 3 days of refrigerated storage, and no differences in objective color values (L, a, or b) were observed. The poultry industry may use these antimicrobials as components of a multifaceted approach to mitigate Salmonella in nonconventional chicken parts.
Development and characterization of cranberry pomace extract incorporated and vitamin E fortified edible films as an edible separation sheet for fruit leather
Authors: Jung Jooyeoun , Loe Caroline Christandi , Zhao Yanyun 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe separation sheets for fruit leather are traditionally made of plastic film or wax paper, which not only leads to environmental issues but also is inconvenience to consumers. This study evaluated edible fruit leather separation sheets using food polymers, including hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) and incorporation of cranberry pomace water extract (CPE) for providing natural fruit pigment, flavor, and phenolics. HPMCCPE film was then further improved by incorporating hydrophobic compound (oleic acid, OA) and vitamin E (VE) via cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) Pickering emulsion (CNCP) for enhancing film hydrophobicity and nutritional benefit, respectively. The CNCP–HPMCCPE film exhibited reduced water vapor permeability (∼0.033 g mm/m2 d Pa) compared to HPMCCPE film (∼0.59 g mm/m2 d Pa) and had the least change in mass and moisture content when wrapping fruit leather for up to 2 weeks of ambient storage. The fruit leather wrapped by CNCP–HPMCCPE film showed lower weight change than those by films without CNCP due to low mass transfer between film and fruit leather. CNCP resulted in controlled release of VE into a food simulating solvent (ethanol). The developed colorful and edible fruit leather separation sheet satisfied the increased market demands on sustainable food packaging.Practical ApplicationColorful and flavorful edible films made of edible polymers, fruit pomace water extract, and emulsified hydrophobic compounds with vitamin E were created. The films have the satisfactory performance to replace the conventional fruit leather separation sheet made of plastic or wax paper. The edible films can be eaten with packaged fruit leather for not only reducing packaging waste but also providing convenience and nutritional benefit to consumers. These functional edible films may also be utilized to package other food products for promoting packaging sustainability and nutritional benefit.
Potential of the quorum‐quenching and plant‐growth promoting halotolerant Bacillus toyonensisAA1EC1 as biocontrol agent
Authors: Roca Amalia , Cabeo Mónica , Enguidanos Carlos , Martínez‐Checa Fernando , Sampedro Inmaculada , Llamas Inmaculada 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe use of fertilizers and pesticides to control plant diseases is widespread in intensive farming causing adverse effects together with the development of antimicrobial resistance pathogens. As the virulence of many Gram‐negative phytopathogens is controlled by N‐acyl‐homoserine lactones (AHLs), the enzymatic disruption of this type of quorum‐sensing (QS) signal molecules, mechanism known as quorum quenching (QQ), has been proposed as a promising alternative antivirulence therapy. In this study, a novel strain of Bacillus toyonensis isolated from the halophyte plant Arthrocaulon sp. exhibited numerous traits associated with plant growth promotion (PGP) and degraded a broad range of AHLs. Three lactonases and an acylase enzymes were identified in the bacterial genome and verified in vitro. The AHL‐degrading activity of strain AA1EC1 significantly attenuated the virulence of relevant phytopathogens causing reduction of soft rot symptoms on potato and carrots. In vivo assays showed that strain AA1EC1 significantly increased plant length, stem width, root and aerial dry weights and total weight of tomato and protected plants against Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato. To our knowledge, this is the first report to demonstrate PGP and QQ activities in the species B. toyonensis that make this strain as a promising phytostimulant and biocontrol agent.
Risk stratification‐based thromboprophylaxis does not affect mortality after fast‐track hip and knee arthroplasty
Authors: Moisander Annette M. , Pamilo Konsta , Huopio Jukka , Kautiainen Hannu , Kuitunen Anne , Paloneva Juha 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackground and PurposeUse of thromboprophylaxis effectively prevents pulmonary embolism (PE) and deaths after total hip and knee arthroplasty (THA and TKA). The optimum length of thromboprophylaxis is not known and has traditionally been based on the type of operation. Nowadays, a more individualized approach is preferred. This study analyzed if risk stratification‐based planning of thromboprophylaxis has an association with the all‐cause mortality after fast‐track THA and TKA.Patients and MethodsWe compared fast‐track THAs and TKAs operated between 2015–2016 and 2020–2021. Between 2015 and 2016, all patients received a routine length of thromboprophylaxis. From 2020 onwards, thromboprophylaxis was planned by risk stratification, and patients at low risk for venous thromboembolism received thromboprophylaxis only during hospitalization. All causes of death within 90 days of surgery were identified and the incidence of mortality was calculated. Mortality rates between the two periods were then compared.ResultsBetween 2015 and 2016, 3192 arthroplasties were performed. A total of eight deaths occurred within 90 days of surgery, yielding an incidence of all‐cause mortality of 0.3% (95% CI 0.1–0.5). Between 2020 and 2021, a total of 3713 arthroplasties were performed to patients who received risk stratification‐based thromboprophylaxis. Thirteen of these patients died within 90 days of surgery, yielding an all‐cause mortality incidence of 0.4% (95% CI 0.2–0.6). Cardiovascular diseases were the main cause of death during both study periods. None of the deaths were caused by PEs.InterpretationRisk stratification‐based thromboprophylaxis was not associated with increased all‐cause mortality within 90 days of fast‐track THA and TKA.
cGMP‐dependent kinase 2, Na+/H+ exchanger NHE3, and PDZ‐adaptor NHERF2 co‐assemble in apical membrane microdomains
Authors: Luo Min , Liu Yongjian , Nikolovska Katerina , Riederer Brigitte , Patrucco Enrico , Hofmann Franz , Seidler Ursula 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAimTrafficking, membrane retention, and signal‐specific regulation of the Na+/H+ exchanger 3 (NHE3) are modulated by the Na+/H+ Exchanger Regulatory Factor (NHERF) family of PDZ‐adapter proteins. This study explored the assembly of NHE3 and NHERF2 with the cGMP‐dependent kinase II (cGKII) within detergent‐resistant membrane microdomains (DRMs, “lipid rafts”) during in vivo guanylate cycle C receptor (Gucy2c) activation in murine small intestine.MethodsSmall intestinal brush border membranes (siBBMs) were isolated from wild type, NHE3‐deficient, cGMP‐kinase II‐deficient, and NHERF2‐deficient mice, after oral application of the heat‐stable Escherichia coli toxin (STa) analog linaclotide. Lipid raft and non‐raft fractions were separated by Optiprep density gradient centrifugation of Triton X‐solubilized siBBMs. Confocal microscopy was performed to study NHE3 redistribution after linaclotide application in vivo.ResultsIn the WT siBBM, NHE3, NHERF2, and cGKII were strongly raft associated. The raft association of NHE3, but not of cGKII, was NHERF2 dependent. After linaclotide application to WT mice, lipid raft association of NHE3 decreased, that of cGKII increased, while that of NHERF2 did not change. NHE3 expression in the BBM shifted from a microvillar to a terminal web region. The linaclotide‐induced decrease in NHE3 raft association and in microvillar abundance was abolished in cGKII‐deficient mice, and strongly reduced in NHERF2‐deficient mice.ConclusionNHE3, cGKII, and NHERF2 form a lipid raft‐associated signal complex in the siBBM, which mediates the inhibition of salt and water absorption by Gucy2c activation. NHERF2 enhances the raft association of NHE3, which is essential for its close interaction with the exclusively raft‐associated activated cGKII.
Machine‐based learning of multidimensional data in bipolar disorder – pilot results
Authors: Birner Armin , Mairinger Marco , Elst Clemens , Maget Alexander , Fellendorf Frederike T. , Platzer Martina , Queissner Robert , Lenger Melanie , Tmava‐Berisha Adelina , Bengesser Susanne A. , Reininghaus Eva Z. , Kreuzthaler Markus , Dalkner Nina 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIntroductionOwing to the heterogenic picture of bipolar disorder, it takes approximately 8.8 years to reach a correct diagnosis. Early recognition and early intervention might not only increase quality of life, but also increase life expectancy as a whole in individuals with bipolar disorder. Therefore, we hypothesize that implementing machine learning techniques can be used to support the diagnostic process of bipolar disorder and minimize misdiagnosis rates.Materials and MethodsTo test this hypothesis, a de‐identified data set of only demographic information and the results of cognitive tests of 196 patients with bipolar disorder and 145 healthy controls was used to train and compare five different machine learning algorithms.ResultsThe best performing algorithm was logistic regression, with a macro‐average F1‐score of 0.69 [95% CI 0.66–0.73]. After further optimization, a model with an improved macro‐average F1‐score of 0.75, a micro‐average F1‐score of 0.77, and an AUROC of 0.84 was built. Furthermore, the individual amount of contribution per variable on the classification was assessed, which revealed that body mass index, results of the Stroop test, and the d2‐R test alone allow for a classification of bipolar disorder with equal performance.ConclusionUsing these data for clinical application results in an acceptable performance, but has not yet reached a state where it can sufficiently augment a diagnosis made by an experienced clinician. Therefore, further research should focus on identifying variables with the highest amount of contribution to a model's classification.