bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What is the Role of Gravity, Turbulence and Magnetic Fields in High-mass Star Formation Clouds?
Authors: Luo An-Xu , Liu Hong-Li , Li Guang-Xing , Pan Sirong , Yang Dong-Ting 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
To explore the potential role of gravity, turbulence and magnetic fields in high-mass star formation in molecular clouds, this study revisits the velocity dispersion–size (σ–L) and density–size (ρ–L) scalings and the associated turbulent energy spectrum using an extensive data sample. The sample includes various hierarchical density structures in high-mass star formation clouds, across scales of 0.01–100 pc. We observe σ ∝ L
0.26 and ρ ∝ L
−1.54 scalings, converging toward a virial equilibrium state. A nearly flat virial parameter–mass (α
vir−M) distribution is seen across all density scales, with α
vir values centered around unity, suggesting a global equilibrium maintained by the interplay between gravity and turbulence across multiple scales. Our turbulent energy spectrum (E(k)) analysis, based on the σ–L and ρ–L scalings, yields a characteristic E(k) ∝ k
−1.52. These findings indicate the potential significance of gravity, turbulence, and possibly magnetic fields in regulating dynamics of molecular clouds and high-mass star formation therein.
Multi-scale modelling of the epileptic brain: advantages of computational therapy exploration
Authors: Hong Rongqi , Zheng Tingting , Marra Vincenzo , Yang Dongping , Liu Jian K 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Objective: Epilepsy is a complex disease spanning across multiple scales, from ion channels in neurons to neuronal circuits across the entire brain. Over the past decades, computational models have been used to describe the pathophysiological activity of the epileptic brain from different aspects. Traditionally, each computational model can aid in optimizing therapeutic interventions, therefore, providing a particular view to design strategies for treating epilepsy. As a result, most studies are concerned with generating specific models of the epileptic brain that can help us understand the certain machinery of the pathological state. Those specific models vary in complexity and biological accuracy, with system-level models often lacking biological details. Approach: Here, we review various types of computational model of epilepsy and discuss their potential for different therapeutic approaches and scenarios, including drug discovery, surgical strategies, brain stimulation, and seizure prediction. We propose that we need to consider an integrated approach with a unified modelling framework across multiple scales to understand the epileptic brain. Our proposal is based on the recent increase in computational power, which has opened up the possibility of unifying those specific epileptic models into simulations with an unprecedented level of detail. Main results: A multi-scale epilepsy model can bridge the gap between biologically detailed models, used to address molecular and cellular questions, and brain-wide models based on abstract models which can account for complex neurological and behavioural observations. Significance: With these efforts, we move toward the next generation of epileptic brain models capable of connecting cellular features, such as ion channel properties, with standard clinical measures such as seizure severity.
A dynamic brain network decomposition method discovers effective brain hemodynamic sub-networks for Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Lu Jiewei , Zhang Xinyuan , Shu Zhilin , Han Jianda , Yu Ningbo 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Objective. Dopaminergic treatment is effective for Parkinson’s disease (PD). Nevertheless, the conventional treatment assessment mainly focuses on human-administered behavior examination while the underlying functional improvements have not been well explored. This paper aims to investigate brain functional variations of PD patients after dopaminergic therapy. Approach. This paper proposed a dynamic brain network decomposition method and discovered brain hemodynamic sub-networks that well characterized the efficacy of dopaminergic treatment in PD. Firstly, a clinical walking procedure with functional near-infrared spectroscopy was developed, and brain activations during the procedure from fifty PD patients under the OFF and ON states (without and with dopaminergic medication) were captured. Then, dynamic brain networks were constructed with sliding-window analysis of phase lag index and integrated time-varying functional networks across all patients. Afterwards, an aggregated network decomposition algorithm was formulated based on aggregated effectiveness optimization of functional networks in spanning network topology and cross-validation network variations, and utilized to unveil effective brain hemodynamic sub-networks for PD patients. Further, dynamic sub-network features were constructed to characterize the brain flexibility and dynamics according to the temporal switching and activation variations of discovered sub-networks, and their correlations with differential treatment-induced gait alterations were analyzed. Results. The results demonstrated that PD patients exhibited significantly enhanced flexibility after dopaminergic therapy within a sub-network related to the improvement of motor functions. Other sub-networks were significantly correlated with trunk-related axial symptoms and exhibited no significant treatment-induced dynamic interactions. Significance. The proposed method promises a quantified and objective approach for dopaminergic treatment evaluation. Moreover, the findings suggest that the gait of PD patients comprises distinct motor domains, and the corresponding neural controls are selectively responsive to dopaminergic treatment.
A fast and plug-and-play mechanical connector for microfluidic chips
Authors: Shi Zhenxing , Wang Huiquan , Zhang Yongxing 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This article introduces a fast and plug-and-play mechanical connector for microfluidic chips. With this connection device, fast and pluggable connection between microfluidic chips and liquid storage tanks can be achieved, allowing microfluidic flow between the storage tank and the chip and between chips while ensuring airtightness and avoiding liquid leakage. The reason for liquid leakage and the maximum sealing pressure are theoretically analyzed from the perspective of surface tension. The relationship between different liquids (surface tension coefficient), air gap distance, and leakage pressure is explored. Furthermore, the effect of fast connection method and capillary connection method on liquid flow inside the chip is compared. The experiment shows that the flow rate using the fast connection method can reach at least 70% of that using the capillary connection method, and can gradually increase to 96% with increasing pressure and flow rate.
Full-scale linear sensing of mode-localized sensors enabled by optimized readout circuit
Authors: Guo Xin , Li Ang , Hu Weiming 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This paper proposes a novel single-port readout circuit to realize the full-scale linear sensing of mode-localized sensors. In our proposal, in addition to the conventional frequency closed-loop control, the amplitude closed-loop based on automatic gain control (AGC) is adopted to stabilize the amplitude product of resonant units at a normalized value so that the difference of squared amplitudes can be regarded as the sensor readout to characterize the variations of external input signals. A micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) mode-localized accelerometer prototype is tested based on our proposed readout circuit. The experiment results demonstrate that the tested accelerometer prototype realizes the linear sensing in the full measurement range and shows a mechanical sensitivity of 0.1182 /g with a maximum non-linearity of -6.54 %, which are basically consistent with the output metric based on the subtraction of reciprocal amplitude ratios (SRAR).
Hybrid electrospinning of blend nanofibrous drug-releasing membrane for wound dressing
Authors: Li Wenwang , Pan Zhentao , Wang Xiang , Li Shufan , Zhang Runyang , Zheng Gaofeng , Jiang Jiaxin 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The controllable drug-releasing is the key to the application of wound dressing and other bioremediation membrane. In this paper, a hybrid electrospinning method was utilized to fabricate the PVP/PVAc blend nanofibrous membrane. The effects of processing parameters were investigated on the morphology, diameter and dispersion of nanofibers. Drug release test was carried out for PVP/PVAc nanofiber membranes with different mass ratio, showing excellent drug-releasing performance for the blend nanofiber membranes.
Skeleton-reinforced electrospun nanofiber membrane with enhanced mechanical strength
Authors: Wang Xiang , Chen Shaojian , Lin Jinghua , Jiang Jiaxin , Li Shufan , Zhang Runyang , Zheng Gaofeng , Li Wenwang 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Electrospun membranes are made of thousands of nanofibers and are widely used in many fields. However, their poor mechanical properties seriously restrict their industrialization. In this paper, a simple post fabrication strategy is proposed to enhance the strength of electrospun nanofiber membranes. The polymer skeleton was melted electrohydrodynamic direct-writing into the electrospun nanofiber membrane and penetrated the nanofiber membrane to enhance its mechanical properties. As a verification, composite membrane with polyimide nanofiber and polylactide skeleton was generated, and tensile strength increased from 14.9 MPa to 34.2 MPa without significant loss of fiber morphology. In addition, finite element analysis was conducted. Our method makes it possible to predict the mechanical properties of nanofiber membranes in advance.
Development of a low-power SAR ADC for analog front-end readout circuit of hydrophones
Authors: Liu K. , Fang S. , Wang Y. , Huang Z. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
A low-power 16 bit 250KSa/s successive approximation analog-to-digital converter (SAR ADC) is designed. The capacitor array consists of a 2-segment sub-capacitor array and high sampling makes the coupling capacitance a unit capacitance, solving the problem of fractional capacitance mismatch. The power consumption is reduced by introducing a common-mode voltage during the switching process of the capacitor array. The circuit uses a 4-stage pre-amplifier and adds a dynamically latched comparator using output misalignment calibration to ensure high accuracy resolution. Simulated in DB Hitek 0.18 μm process, the Fast Fourier Transform(FFT) simulation results for 4096 points show that the signal-to-noise distortion ratio (SNDR) of the ADC can reach 90.2 dB and the effective number of bits (ENOB) can reach 14.69 bit. The average power consumption is 2.507mW at a supply voltage of 5 V, and this holds significant significance for the long-term deep-sea detection capabilities of sonar systems.
Silicon-based waveguide technology for millimeter-wave antennas
Authors: Yan Cao , Hongze Zhang , Guixiong Shi 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This paper describes a method for the preparation of complex structured waveguides that can be used for millimeter-wave antennas based on a bulk silicon MEMS process. In this paper, a millimeter-wave band array of ridge waveguide slit antennas with multilayer step-matched feeds is realized by this method. A bulk silicon MEMS process is used to realize the complex structure and the high precision and flatness requirements on the millimeter scale, which cannot be achieved by machining. And the step height difference of more than 100um is realized by combining multiple lithography and silicon oxide mask. The step difference is larger than that achievable by dry etching using the etching selection ratio of silicon oxide and silicon. The waveguide fabricated by this method can work well in the millimeter wave band and is used for antenna feeding, power distribution, etc. It is characterized by compact structure, high precision, and high performance.
Machine learning for predicting laser ablation groove characteristics in polycrystalline diamond
Authors: Tan Ruiwang , Yu Zhanjiang , Li Yiquan , Xu Jinkai 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This paper explores machine learning’s role in predicting laser-machined micro-groove texture on Polycrystalline Diamond (PCD) surfaces. PCD has been used for manufacturing ideal cutting insert due to its exceptional attributes, including hardness and thermal conductivity. Surface micro-texturing enhances accuracy and tool lifespan through micro-textures on tool surfaces. Laser micromachining, especially for its precision and efficiency, stands out among methods. Six regression models—Elastic Net, Random Forest, Gradient Boosting Regression, XGBoost Regression, Bayesian Regression, and Gaussian Process Regression—are used to predict groove depth and width based on laser parameters like energy, defocus, and speed. Experiments involve a nanosecond laser system and a commercial PCD tool. Results indicate both Gradient Boosting and XGBoost excel in predicting micro-groove texture. XGBoost slightly outperforms, credited to its enhancements over Gradient Boosting. This paper concludes that machine learning models, especially XGBoost and Gradient Boosting, effectively forecast micro-groove features on laser-machined PCD surfaces, offering insights for further research and practical applications in this domain.
Study on TSV insulating medium based on SACVD process
Authors: Shen Yanfei , Wang Lei , Xu Qiankun , Zhou Feng , Bai Yang , Jiang Lili , Yu Yuanwei , Huang Min 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
TSV silicon switching board technology has the advantages of short global interconnection, small delay, low power consumption and high integration. The dielectric insulation performance in the TSV hole will directly affect the signal integrity and power integrity of the TSV silicon switching board. The insulating dielectric layer of TSV requires good forming ability and step covering, and lower leakage current and good heat resistance reliability. In this paper, the filling capacity of SACVD process is analyzed, the coverage rate of SACVD process is studied under different process parameters, and the leakage current of silicon dioxide film is measured by planar capacitance structure. Finally, the leakage current test of the TSV pairs is carried out online. Before the substrate thinning, the leakage current of the two blind hole TSV pairs is measured by the probe station. The voltage ranges form 0 to 50V, and the leakage current ranges from a few pA to a few hundred pA.
Thermal-Mechanical Property of High Aspect Ratio TSV in Advanced IC integration and Packaging
Authors: Bai Yu , Zhang Hongze , Huang Min 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Advanced packaging of integrated circuits (IC) plays a critical role on the way towards high performance, high density, low power consumption and light weight of electronics. Through-silicon vias (TSV) is the heart of 3D IC integration and packaging. However, copper protrusion due to mismatch of coefficients of thermal expansion (CTE) between copper and silicon, which may result in the dielectric material breakdown, becomes the bottleneck of TSV in high-temperature application. In this paper, thermal-mechanical property of high aspect ratio TSV is investigated through experiments under different annealing process, which will help to accelerate the widely application of TSV in advanced packaging of electronics in the future.
Detection of sodium and potassium ions in human sweat using electrochemical system
Authors: Liu Runye , Zheng Feifan , Zhang Penghui , Fu Yongdong , Qiu Xianbo , Yu Duli , Zhang Lulu 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Sweat contains a large number of biomarkers which can be used to indicate the healthy state of the body. Real-time detection of ion contents in sweat at trace levels has significant implications for health monitoring and medical diagnosis. In this work, an electrochemical detection system combining an electrochemical detection circuit and an electrochemical sensor with ion selectivity was developed. Based on the system sodium and potassium ions were detected at room temperature using the open circuit voltage-time (OCPT) method. The ion-selective sensors have high sensitivity (98.3 mV/decade for sodium ion detection and 99 mV/decade for potassium ion detection), and good stability. Miniaturized detection system makes it possible to detect sweat on wearable devices and holds great promise in the wearable field.
Influence of surface roughness on the fluid flow in microchannel
Authors: Li Yong , Zhang Ziqun , Ji Yutong , Wang Lixin , Li Dayong 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Surface roughness is a crucial factor of fluid flow in microfluidic channels. Most of the existing studies focus on the effect of regular microstructured surfaces on fluid flow, while researchs about the impact of random rough surfaces on fluid flow remains limited. Therefore, in this study, a random rough surface model and two microstructured surface models were established, and the effects surface roughness on the fluid flow at Wenzel state and Cassie-Baxter state were studied using COMSOL multi-physics simulation software. Our findings reveal that both the flow velocity and the fluid flow rate at the microchannel outlet decreases with the surface roughness increases. Notably, the flow rate and velocity of the fluid flow at Cassie-Baxter state is higher than that of fluid flow at Wenzel state.
Improving soft X-ray imaging contrast uniformity of 50nm Au zone plate by optimizing pulse plating
Authors: Zhang Kuanqiang , Chen Lijuan , Guo Chenfei , Ding Xu , Xiong Ying , Guan Yong , wu Zhao , Tian Yangchao , Liu Gang 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The Fresnel zone plate plays a pivotal role in X-ray imaging systems, directly influencing the uniformity of imaging contrast. Achieving uniform imaging contrast imposes stringent requirements on the linewidth and height uniformity of the zone plate. The current mainstream method for zone plate fabrication involves utilizing electron beam lithography in conjunction with electroplating. However, in structures with large aspect ratios, precise deposition of gold to the bottom of the trench through electroplating becomes increasingly challenging to control. In this study, we employed a pulse plating process to enhance the uniformity of the plating height. Detailed investigations were conducted to analyze the effects of pulse current density, pulse duty cycle, and pulse frequency on plating height. Utilizing pulse plating, we successfully fabricated a zone plate with an outermost width of 50 nm and a thickness of approximately 245 nm. Structural analysis showed that the plating height uniformity is improved to better than 5%. The high uniformity imaging pattern was obtained by using the Siemens star test pattern at the soft x-ray imaging station at NSRL. The spatial resolution was down to 50 nm.
A MEMS Disk Gyroscope with High Fabrication Precision, High Quality Factor (>810k) and High Overload Characteristic (>15000g)
Authors: Wang Chengxiang , Wu Kai , Wang Xinyu , Li Qingsong , Zhang Yongmeng , Wu Yulie , Wu Xuezhong , Xiao Dingbang 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This paper presents an electromagnetic MEMS disk gyroscope based on fused silica to enhance the accuracy of MEMS gyros under high overload conditions. A laser-induced modified wet etching (LIE) technology was utilized for gyro fabrication and a detailed analysis was conducted on the factors affecting quality factor (Q-value) of the gyro. The LIE process parameters were optimized using a four-factor and three-level orthogonal experiment, and structure compensation were implemented to address machining errors. Impact capability of the resonator and mode characterization as well as Q-value of the gyro revealing that the resonator can withstand high overload up to 15000g, frequency of working mode is 15382.2Hz and 15379.8Hz, respectively, which close to simulated result of 15443Hz exhibited high process precision. The corresponding Q-values of the driving mode and sensing mode are 817k and 819k, respectively, indicating high-performance potential.
Mapping the exposure of tourism to weather extremes: the need for a spatially-explicit gridded dataset for disaster risk reduction
Authors: Camatti Nicola , Hrast Essenfelder Arthur , Giove Silvio 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Tourism is a highly important economic sector worldwide, yet it is often less than optimally represented in terms of detailed spatial information. An accurate spatial representation of tourism can provide valuable insights into the spatial distribution of tourism vulnerabilities and exposure, allowing policymakers to make informed decisions and develop effective strategies for disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation policies. Here, we stress the need for and propose a first prototype of an open-access spatially-explicit gridded database based on social media data for over 150 different tourism-related classes that depicts tourism density (supply and demand) and perceived satisfaction in Europe. We showcase the potential benefits of such database by mapping the exposure of specific tourism sectors to a range of weather extremes, including floods, windstorms, and heat stress. Based on these results, we argue that a homogeneous spatially-explicit database of tourism is essential to support efficient investments in preparedness and disaster resilience.
Decision support system for determining the location of rubber weir construction as an effort to meet raw water needs in Rembang, Indonesia
Authors: Adi H.P. , Wahyudi S.I. , Mariolo M.A. , Sophyanto A.P , Wahyudi R.S. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Rembang is one of the regency that was significantly affected by the drought since 2019. The areas affected by drought have gradually expanded so that the demand for raw water in Rembang is increasing. The flow of the Karanggeneng River which empties to the north of Rembang can be used to make rubber dams as a solution to overcome the shortage of raw water availability. The aim of this study is to determine alternative locations for rubber weirs to be built on the Karanggeneng River. The standards or criterias by which the place was chosen of the rubber weir, namely distance from the estuary, topographical considerations, distance from the Water Treatment Plant (WTP), operational ease of access and the interests of fishing boats. There are 3 alternative locations, namely Karang Village, Waru Tengah Village and Waru Kawisto Village. Data were obtained by conducting interviews with respondents consisting of experts and local residents. After that, the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) is used to process the data. The research results show that the order of priority criteria for planning rubber weirs is the importance of fishing boats and Waru Tengah Village is the most prioritized location of a rubber weir’s construction.
River parks typology: A case study of river parks in Kalimantan
Authors: Rahman B , Kautsary J 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The aim of this research is to fill in the theoretical gaps regarding the typology of river parks, seen based on the shape and location of parks in relation to rivers, with a case study of parks on the island of Kalimantan. The typology of river parks will open new advanced research opportunities in the field of river park research. The method used is qualitative, with a field observation approach (primary) in twenty-seven parks on the river, field survey observations were carried out, and database (secondary) observations in fifteen parks on the river border were carried out through Google Street View “Big Data Base Analysis” (GSV). As a result, the typology of parks on rivers can be seen based on the shape and location of the park on the river, so that it is divided into three park typologies, namely the first typology of parks on rivers, the second typology of parks on riverbanks, and the third typology of parks bordering rivers. These three typologies are subdivided into eight form variants which are divided based on the potential point of view of the river, adaptation of the park design to the physical nature of the river, functional use of the banks and borders.