bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanical stress combines with planar polarised patterning during metaphase to orient embryonic epithelial cell divisions
Authors: Blanchard Guy B. , Scarpa Elena , Muresan Leila , Sanson Bénédicte 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT
The planar orientation of cell division (OCD) is important for epithelial morphogenesis and homeostasis. Here, we ask how mechanics and antero-posterior (AP) patterning combine to influence the first divisions after gastrulation in the Drosophila embryonic epithelium. We analyse hundreds of cell divisions and show that stress anisotropy, notably from compressive forces, can reorient division directly in metaphase. Stress anisotropy influences the OCD by imposing metaphase cell elongation, despite mitotic rounding, and overrides interphase cell elongation. In strongly elongated cells, the mitotic spindle adapts its length to, and hence its orientation is constrained by, the cell long axis. Alongside mechanical cues, we find a tissue-wide bias of the mitotic spindle orientation towards AP-patterned planar polarised Myosin-II. This spindle bias is lost in an AP-patterning mutant. Thus, a patterning-induced mitotic spindle orientation bias overrides mechanical cues in mildly elongated cells, whereas in strongly elongated cells the spindle is constrained close to the high stress axis.
Modelling the micro- and macro- environment of pancreatic cancer: from patients to pre-clinical models and back
Authors: Lloyd Eloise G. , Henríquez Joaquín Araos , Biffi Giulia 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a lethal malignancy with very low survival rates. Over the past 50 years, improvements in PDAC survival have significantly lagged behind the progress made in other cancers. PDAC’s dismal prognosis is due to typical late-stage diagnosis combined with lack of effective treatments and complex mechanisms of disease. We propose that improvements in survival are partly hindered by the current focus on largely modelling and targeting PDAC as one disease, despite it being heterogeneous. Implementing new disease-representative pre-clinical mouse models that capture this complexity could enable the development of transformative therapies. Specifically, these models should recapitulate human PDAC late-stage biology, heterogeneous genetics, extensive non-malignant stroma, and associated risk factors and comorbidities. In this Perspective, we focus on how pre-clinical mouse models could be improved to exemplify key features of PDAC micro- and macro- environments, which would drive clinically relevant patient stratification, tailored treatments and improved survival.
Tbl1 promotes Wnt–β-catenin signaling-induced degradation of the Tcf7l1 protein in mouse embryonic stem cells
Authors: Yu Yang , Liu Liwei , Cao Jianjian , Huang Ru , Duan Quanchao , Ye Shou-Dong 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT
Activation of the Wnt–β-catenin signaling pathway by CHIR99021, a specific inhibitor of GSK3β, induces Tcf7l1 protein degradation, which facilitates the maintenance of an undifferentiated state in mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs); however, the precise mechanism is still unclear. Here, we showed that the overexpression of transducin-β-like protein 1 (Tbl1, also known as Tbl1x) or its family member Tblr1 (also known as Tbl1xr1) can decrease Tcf7l1 protein levels, whereas knockdown of each gene increases Tcf7l1 levels without affecting Tcf7l1 transcription. Interestingly, only Tbl1, and not Tblr1, interacts with Tcf7l1. Mechanistically, Tbl1 translocates from the cytoplasm into the nucleus in association with β-catenin (CTNNB1) after the addition of CHIR99021 and functions as an adaptor to promote ubiquitylation of the Tcf7l1 protein. Functional assays further revealed that enforced expression of Tbl1 is capable of delaying mESC differentiation. In contrast, knockdown of Tbl1 attenuates the effect of CHIR99021 on Tcf7l1 protein stability and mESC self-renewal. Our results provide insight into the regulatory network of the Wnt–β-catenin signaling pathway involved in promoting the maintenance of naïve pluripotency.
YAP and TAZ differentially regulate postnatal cortical progenitor proliferation and astrocyte differentiation
Authors: Chen Jessie , Tsai Yung-Hsu , Linden Anne K. , Kessler John A. , Peng Chian-Yu 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT
WW domain-containing transcription regulator 1 (WWTR1, referred to here as TAZ) and Yes-associated protein (YAP, also known as YAP1) are transcriptional co-activators traditionally studied together as a part of the Hippo pathway, and are best known for their roles in stem cell proliferation and differentiation. Despite their similarities, TAZ and YAP can exert divergent cellular effects by differentially interacting with other signaling pathways that regulate stem cell maintenance or differentiation. In this study, we show in mouse neural stem and progenitor cells (NPCs) that TAZ regulates astrocytic differentiation and maturation, and that TAZ mediates some, but not all, of the effects of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling on astrocytic development. By contrast, both TAZ and YAP mediate the effects on NPC fate of β1-integrin (ITGB1) and integrin-linked kinase signaling, and these effects are dependent on extracellular matrix cues. These findings demonstrate that TAZ and YAP perform divergent functions in the regulation of astrocyte differentiation, where YAP regulates cell cycle states of astrocytic progenitors and TAZ regulates differentiation and maturation from astrocytic progenitors into astrocytes.
A translational and multidisciplinary approach to studying the Garcia effect, a higher form of learning with deep evolutionary roots
Authors: Rivi Veronica , Batabyal Anuradha , Benatti Cristina , Sarti Pierfrancesco , Blom Johanna Maria Catharina , Tascedda Fabio , Lukowiak Ken 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT
Animals, including humans, learn and remember to avoid a novel food when its ingestion is followed, hours later, by sickness – a phenomenon initially identified during World War II as a potential means of pest control. In the 1960s, John Garcia (for whom the effect is now named) demonstrated that this form of conditioned taste aversion had broader implications, showing that it is a rapid but long-lasting taste-specific food aversion with a fundamental role in the evolution of behaviour. From the mid-1970s onward, the principles of the Garcia effect were translated to humans, showing its role in different clinical conditions (e.g. side-effects linked to chemotherapy). However, in the last two decades, the number of studies on the Garcia effect has undergone a considerable decline. Since its discovery in rodents, this form of learning was thought to be exclusive to mammals; however, we recently provided the first demonstration that a Garcia effect can be formed in an invertebrate model organism, the pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis. Thus, in this Commentary, after reviewing the experiments that led to the first characterization of the Garcia effect in rodents, we describe the recent evidence for the Garcia effect in L. stagnalis, which may pave the way for future studies in other invertebrates and mammals. This article aims to inspire future translational and ecological studies that characterize the conserved mechanisms underlying this form of learning with deep evolutionary roots, which can be used to address a range of different biological questions.
Exercise for Clients Taking an Anti-Obesity Medication
Authors: Rogers Renee J. 
Published: April 2024

Apply It!
This article will inform and help readers:
• Gain an understanding of how contemporary anti-obesity medications work and how they are indicated, prescribed, and managed for the treatment of obesity.
• Reframe exercise prescriptions for clients taking an anti-obesity medication to focus on health and well-being, rather than on caloric expenditure to further enhance weight loss.
• Recognize key targets for developing exercise programs based on the current state of the research and perspectives from clients taking anti-obesity medications.
The Menstrual Cycle and Exercise
Authors: Prado Raul Cosme Ramos , Takito Monica Yuri , Asano Ricardo Yukio , Kilpatrick Marcus W. 
Published: April 2024

Apply It!
By reading this article, practitioners will
• Learn about menstrual cycle aspects and their impact on psychological responses.
• Be able to identify the individual's psychological profile, allowing for better real-time adjustments to manage menstrual cycle-related symptoms and improve exercise experiences.
• Promote a more humanized/individualized exercise prescription based on the client's symptoms.
Complications after polydioxanone threads (PDO) for facial lifting - a literature review
Authors: Lewandowska Karina , Staniszewska Izabela , Baran Milena , Turczynowicz Magda , Retman Patrycja 
Published: April 2024

Introduction: The popularity of cosmetic treatments is increasing, including treatments using polydioxanone (PDO) threads. Among the various complications that PDO threads can cause are swelling, skin dimpling, paresthesia, thread visibility/palpability, infection, and thread extrusion. On the other hand, it is an alternative to surgical facelift.
Purpose of work: To collect information on the complications after PDO threads for facial lifting.
Summary: In the literature review, there were reported complications after PDO threads for facial lifting as edema, allergy, inflammation, infection, skin dimpling, contour irregularity, visible threads, hematoma, thread extrusion, and incomplete facial paralysis. Knowledge of complications after face lifting with PDO threads allows us to prepare for these side effects and act appropriately in the event of their occurrence, thus avoiding the long-term effects of the cosmetic procedure.
Revisiting the inferior supports of Chopart joint complex
Authors: Athavale Sunita A. , Kotgirwar Sheetal , Lalwani Rekha 
Published: April 2024

AimsThe Chopart joint complex is a joint between the midfoot and hindfoot. The static and dynamic support system of the joint is critical for maintaining the medial longitudinal arch of the foot. Any dysfunction leads to progressive collapsing flatfoot deformity (PCFD). Often, the tibialis posterior is the primary cause; however, contrary views have also been expressed. The present investigation intends to explore the comprehensive anatomy of the support system of the Chopart joint complex to gain insight into the cause of PCFD.MethodsThe study was conducted on 40 adult embalmed cadaveric lower limbs. Chopart joint complexes were dissected, and the structures supporting the joint inferiorly were observed and noted.ResultsThe articulating bones exhibit features like a cuboid shelf and navicular beak, which appear to offer inferior support to the joint. The expanse of the spring ligament complex is more medial than inferior, while the superomedial part is more extensive than the intermediate and inferoplantar parts. The spring ligament is reinforced by the tendons in the superomedial part (the main tendon of tibialis posterior), the inferomedial part (the plantar slip of tibialis posterior), and the master knot of Henry positioned just inferior to the gap between the inferomedial and inferoplantar bundles.ConclusionThis study highlights that the medial aspect of the talonavicular articulation has more extensive reinforcement in the form of superomedial part of spring ligament and tibialis posterior tendon. The findings are expected to prompt further research in weightbearing settings on the pathogenesis of flatfoot.Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2024;5(4):335–342.
Leishmania blood parasite dynamics during and after treatment of visceral leishmaniasis in Eastern Africa: A pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic model
Authors: Verrest Luka , Monnerat Séverine , Musa Ahmed M. , Mbui Jane , Khalil Eltahir A. G. , Olobo Joseph , Wasunna Monique , Chu Wan-Yu , Huitema Alwin D. R. , Schallig Henk D. F. H. , Alves Fabiana , Dorlo Thomas P. C. 
Published: April 2024

BackgroundWith the current treatment options for visceral leishmaniasis (VL), recrudescence of the parasite is seen in a proportion of patients. Understanding parasite dynamics is crucial to improving treatment efficacy and predicting patient relapse in cases of VL. This study aimed to characterize the kinetics of circulatingLeishmaniaparasites in the blood, during and after different antileishmanial therapies, and to find predictors for clinical relapse of disease.MethodsData from three clinical trials, in which Eastern African VL patients received various antileishmanial regimens, were combined in this study.Leishmaniakinetoplast DNA was quantified in whole blood with real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) before, during, and up to six months after treatment. An integrated population pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic model was developed using non-linear mixed effects modelling.ResultsParasite proliferation was best described by an exponential growth model, with anin vivoparasite doubling time of 7.8 days (RSE 12%). Parasite killing by fexinidazole, liposomal amphotericin B, sodium stibogluconate, and miltefosine was best described by linear models directly relating drug concentrations to the parasite elimination rate. After treatment, parasite growth was assumed to be suppressed by the host immune system, described by an Emaxmodel driven by the time after treatment. No predictors for the high variability in onset and magnitude of the immune response could be identified. Model-based individual predictions of blood parasite load on Day 28 and Day 56 after start of treatment were predictive for clinical relapse of disease.ConclusionThis semi-mechanistic pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic model adequately captured the blood parasite dynamics during and after treatment, and revealed that high blood parasite loads on Day 28 and Day 56 after start of treatment are an early indication for VL relapse, which could be a useful biomarker to assess treatment efficacy of a treatment regimen in a clinical trial setting.
Marginalisasi dan Refleksi Sosial dalam Tiga Cerpen Kuntowijoyo: Kajian Sosiologi Sastra Marxis
Authors: Sugiarto Septian Rifki , Martini Laura Andri Retno 
Published: April 2024

IntisariCerpen Kuntowijoyo merupakan cerpen yang menarik untuk dibahas. Hal itu didasari karena cerpen-cerpennya kerap membahas problematik kehidupan masyarakat bawah. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan latar belakang dan gambaran marginalisasi, serta mendeskripsikan realitas cerpen dengan realitas sosial masyarakat. Metode yang digunakan yaitu metode deskriptif kualitatif, dengan menggunakan teori sastra marxis Georg Lukacs. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa tema ketiga cerpen Kuntowijoyo memperlihatkan gambaran marginalisasi yang dialami masyarakat bawah (kelas proletar) oleh kelas borjuis. Selain itu, ketiga cerpen Kuntowijoyo tersebut merupakan sebuah produk karya sastra yang merefleksikan realitas sosial di dunia nyata. Masalah-masalah yang diangkat seperti marginalisasi terhadap masyarakat bawah dalam pola perekonomian (pasar), kemiskinan masyarakat desa, pertarungan dua kelas sosial: kelas borjuis dan proletar, dampak modernisasi dan industrialisasi bagi masyarakat desa, hubungan kusut Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat (DPR) atau pemimpin dengan rakyat, dan permasalahan lainnya merupakan beberapa cerminan atau representasi masalah sosial yang terjadi di masyarakat. Kata Kunci: Cerpen, Marginalisasi, Refleksi Sosial, Sastra Marxis Georg Lukacs, Kuntowijoyo
Perubahan Bahasa Thailand Akibat Penggunaan Aplikasi Facebook
Authors: Braheng Syarifah , Kepirianto Catur 
Published: April 2024

Artikel ini meneliti tentang perubahan bahasa Thai akibat dari menggunakan aplikasi facebook, dalam mempelajari penggunaan bahasa Thai di facebook ini pada tahun 2019 oleh mahasisa universitas rajaphat phetchaburi ,kelas 1-5 diantara usia 18-22 tahun, yang dianggap mewakili remaja usia yang suka hal baru ingin perbedaan dan menjadi kreatif. Studi ini menemukan bahawa penggunaan bahasa remaja di facebook adalah berbeda dari bahasa Thai standar, seperti bahasa gaul, penggunan bahasa lisan dalam bahasa tulis, ejaan, kata-kata yang salah dan lain-lain. Kebanyakan orang mungkin berpikir bahwa penggunaan jenis bahasa ini menyebabkan bahasa Thai gagal tetapi jika melihat sifat bahasanya setiap bahasa ada perubahan sesuai dengan berbagai faktor sosial yang harus lebih diperhatikan oleh masyarakat Thailand adalah penggunaan bahasa yang sesuai ,orang, keadaan, kesempatan dan situasi.
Dual novel variants in CD40 leading to hyper IgM syndrome: a case report of a school-aged female with new-onset recurrent pneumonia
Authors: Chen Jason ZX , Dehmoobad Sharifabadi Anahita , Jenny Garkaby 
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Hyper IgM (HIGM) syndrome is an inborn error of immunity (IEI) that occurs due to defects in immunoglobulin class switch recombination (Ig-CSR). HIGM syndrome typically presents with recurrent infections in early childhood, and is often characterized on investigation with decreased IgG, IgA, and IgE titres, alongside normal or elevated IgM. A common cause of HIGM syndrome is a disruption to the CD40-CD40 ligand (CD40L) interaction that triggers Ig-CSR, of which variants in CD40 are much rarer than those in CD40L. We present a case of an 11-year-old female with HIGM syndrome caused by two novel variants of in the CD40 gene. Aim: To describe a case report of an eleven-year-old female with HIGM syndrome presenting with recurrent pneumonia. Methods: Data was collected retrospectively from the patient’s medical records. Laboratory investigations included quantitative immunoglobulins, quantitative B and T cell subsets, genetic testing using a primary immunodeficiency panel, and a functional assay for CD40 expression. Results: The proband is an 11-year-old female, who presented with recurrent pneumonia, otitis, and septic arthritis. Investigations revealed neutropenia, low IgA, elevated IgM and normal IgG, along with absent vaccine responses. She was identified to harbour two novel variants in CD40: an intronic variant c.52-13A>G p.(?) and a missense variant c.466T>C p.(Ser156Pro). Functional assay indicated low expression of CD40 compared to healthy control, confirming the diagnosis of CD40 deficiency. Conclusion: Class switch defects, such as CD40 deficiency, are rare but significant diagnoses within the spectrum of IEI. This case demonstrates that despite the absence of some clinical red flags for immunodeficiency in infancy, IEIs remain an important consideration in pediatric patients regardless of age. Increasing clinical awareness of IEI will lead to earlier diagnoses, initiation of appropriate treatment, and prevention of potential complications. Statement of novelty: We describe a patient with a late presentation of hyper IgM syndrome due to two novel variants in the CD40 gene, thus expanding the spectrum of CD40 gene variants.
Inhibition of superoxide and iNOS augment cutaneous nitric oxide‐dependent vasodilation in non‐Hispanic black young adults
Authors: Wong Brett J. , Turner Casey G. , Hayat Matthew J. , Otis Jeffrey S. , Quyyumi Arshed A. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWe assessed the combined effect of superoxide and iNOS inhibition on microvascular function in non‐Hispanic Black and non‐Hispanic White participants (n = 15 per group). Participants were instrumented with four microdialysis fibers: (1) lactated Ringer's (control), (2) 10 μM tempol (superoxide inhibition), (3) 0.1 mM 1400 W (iNOS inhibition), (4) tempol + 1400 W. Cutaneous vasodilation was induced via local heating and NO‐dependent vasodilation was quantified. At control sites, NO‐dependent vasodilation was lower in non‐Hispanic Black (45 ± 9% NO) relative to non‐Hispanic White (79 ± 9% NO; p < 0.01; effect size, d = 3.78) participants. Tempol (62 ± 16% NO), 1400 W (78 ± 12% NO) and tempol +1400 W (80 ± 13% NO) increased NO‐dependent vasodilation in non‐Hispanic Black participants relative to control sites (all p < 0.01; d = 1.22, 3.05, 3.03, respectively). The effect of 1400 W (p = 0.04, d = 1.11) and tempol +1400 W (p = 0.03, d = 1.22) was greater than tempol in non‐Hispanic Black participants. There was no difference between non‐Hispanic Black and non‐Hispanic White participants at 1400 W or tempol + 1400 W sites. These data suggest iNOS has a greater effect on NO‐dependent vasodilation than superoxide in non‐Hispanic Black participants.
Value of fetal echocardiographic examination in pregnancies complicated by preterm premature rupture of membranes
Authors: Pasieczna Monika , Kuran-Ohde Joanna , Grzyb Agnieszka , Bokiniec Renata , Wójcik-Sęp Agata , Czajkowski Krzysztof , Szymkiewicz-Dangel Joanna 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Cardiopulmonary and infectious complications are more common in preterm newborns after preterm premature rupture of membranes (pPROM). Fetal echocardiography may be helpful in predicting neonatal condition. Our aim was to assess the cardiovascular changes in fetuses from pregnancies complicated by pPROM and possible utility in predicting the intrauterine or neonatal infection, and neonatal heart failure (HF).

Methods
It was a prospective study enrolling 46 women with singleton pregnancies complicated by pPROM between 18+0 and 33+6 weeks of gestation and followed until delivery. 46 women with uncomplicated pregnancies served as a control group. Fetal echocardiographic examinations with the assessment of cardiac structure and function (including pulmonary circulation) were performed in all patients.

Results
Mean gestational age of pPROM patients was 26 weeks. Parameters suggesting impaired cardiac function in fetuses from pPROM were: higher right ventricle Tei index (0.48 vs. 0.42 p<0.001), lower blood flow velocity in Ao z-score (0.14 vs. 0.84 p=0.005), lower cardiovascular profile score (CVPS), higher rate of tricuspid regurgitation (18.2 % vs. 4.4 % p=0.04) and pericardial effusion (32.6 vs. 0 %). Intrauterine infection was diagnosed in 18 patients (39 %). 4 (8.7 %) newborns met the criteria of early onset sepsis (EOS). HF was diagnosed in 9 newborns. In fetal echocardiographic examination HF group had shorter mitral valve inflow time and higher left ventricle Tei index (0.58 vs. 0.49 p=0.007).

Conclusions
Worse cardiac function was observed in fetuses from pPROM compared to fetuses from uncomplicated pregnancies.
Beyond a Dream: The Practical Foundations of Disconnected Psychology
Authors: Krpan Dario 
Published: April 2024

Disconnected psychology is a form of psychological science in which researchers ground their work upon the main principles of psychological method but are detached from a “field” consisting of other psychologists that comprises connected psychology. It has previously been proposed that combining the two forms of psychology would result in the most significant advancement of psychological knowledge (Krpan, 2020). However, disconnected psychology may seem to be an “abstract utopia”, given that it has not been previously detailed how to put it into practice. The present article therefore sets the practical foundations of disconnected psychology. In this regard, I first describe a hypothetical disconnected psychologist and discuss relevant methodological and epistemological implications. I then propose how this variant of psychology could be integrated with the current academic system (i.e., with connected psychology). Overall, the present article transforms disconnected psychology from a hazy dream into substance that could eventually maximize psychological knowledge, even if implementing it would require a radical transformation of psychological science.