bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Schema therapy versus treatment as usual for outpatients with difficult-to-treat depression: study protocol for a parallel group randomized clinical trial (DEPRE-ST)
Authors: Arendt Ida-Marie Terese Pereira , Gondan Matthias , Juul Sophie , Hastrup Lene Halling , Hjorthøj Carsten , Bach Bo , Videbech Poul , Jørgensen Martin Balslev , Moeller Stine Bjerrum 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
About one third of patients with depression are in a condition that can be termed as ‘difficult-to-treat’. Some evidence suggests that difficult-to-treat depression is associated with a higher frequency of childhood trauma and comorbid personality disorders or accentuated features. However, the condition is understudied, and the effects of psychotherapy for difficult-to-treat depression are currently uncertain. The aim of this trial is to investigate the beneficial and harmful effects of 30 sessions of individual schema therapy versus treatment as usual for difficult-to-treat depression in the Danish secondary, public mental health sector.
Methods
In this randomized, multi-center, parallel-group, superiority clinical trial, 129 outpatients with difficult-to-treat depression will be randomized (1:1) to 30 sessions of individual schema therapy or treatment as usual; in this context mainly group-based, short-term cognitive behaviour or psychodynamic therapy. The primary outcome is the change from baseline in depressive symptoms 12 months after randomization, measured on the observer-rated Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression-6. The secondary outcomes are health related quality of life assessed with the European Quality of Life 5 Dimensions 5 Level Version, functional impairment assessed with the Work and Social Adjustment Scale, psychological wellbeing assessed with the WHO-5 Well-being Index, and negative effects of treatment assessed with the Negative Effects Questionnaire. Exploratory outcomes are improvement on patient self-defined outcomes, personal recovery, anxiety symptoms, anger reactions, metacognitive beliefs about anger, and perseverative negative thinking. Outcomes will be assessed at 6, 12, and 24 months after randomization; the 12-month time-point being the primary time-point of interest. Outcome assessors performing the depression-rating, data managers, statisticians, the data safety and monitoring committee, and conclusion makers for the outcome article will be blinded to treatment allocation and results. To assess cost-effectiveness of the intervention, a health economic analysis will be performed.
Discussion
This trial will provide evidence on the beneficial and harmful effects, as well as the cost-effectiveness of schema therapy versus treatment as usual for outpatients with difficult-to-treat depression. The results can potentially improve treatment for a large and understudied patient group.
Trial registration
Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT05833087. Registered on 15th April 2023 (approved without prompts for revision on 27th April 2023).
Structure of the red-shifted Fittonia verschaffeltii photosystem I
Authors: Qin Xiaochun , Li Xiuxiu , Huang Guoqiang , Zhu Lixia , Hao Chenyang , Sui Sen-Fang 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Photosystem I (PSI) from Fittonia verschaffeltii, an Acanthaceae ornamental plant, is notable among green plants for its red-shifted emission spectrum. Here, we solved the structure of a PSI–light harvesting complex I (LHCI) supercomplex from F. verschaffeltii at 2.46-Å resolution using cryo-electron microscopy. The supercomplex contains a core complex of 14 subunits and an LHCI belt with four antenna subunits (Lhca1–4) similar to previously reported angiosperm PSI–LHCI structures; however, Lhca3 differs in three regions surrounding a dimer of low-energy chlorophylls (Chls) termed red Chls, which absorb far-red beyond visible light. The unique amino acid sequences within these regions are exclusively shared by plants with strongly red-shifted fluorescence emission, suggesting candidate structural elements for regulating the energy state of red Chls. These results provide a structural basis for unravelling the mechanisms of light harvest and transfer in PSI–LHCI of under canopy plants and for designing Lhc to harness longer-wavelength light in the far-red spectral range.
Healthcare Behaviour During a Health Crisis: The Case of Covid-19 in Madagascar
Authors: Razakamanana Marilys Victoire , Rakotonirainy Miora , Ramiandrisoa Tiarinisaina Olivier 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
A health crisis can affect the attitude towards healthcare seeking of the population. During the COVID-19 pandemic, two situations arose: people either sought care out of caution and vigilance, or because of the fear of contracting the virus and the health restrictions, they did not consult the healthcare facilities. This paper aims to analyse the effects of a health crisis such as that of COVID-19 on the use of healthcare in Madagascar. Two diseases, diarrhoea and fever, are considered, fever, as it is a common symptom of COVID-19, and diarrhoea, as it is one of the causes of morbidity in Madagascar and a less common symptom of the pandemic. Using data from the Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey in 2018 and the Rapid Survey on the Socio-Economic Impact of COVID-19 in Madagascar in 2020 and considering the same individuals surveyed in 2018 and 2020, after verification of the endogeneity, the absence of it was raised. Probit models without instrumental variables are used. During the pandemic, in the case of diarrhoea, faced with the fear of a pandemic, people have sought other alternatives, such as Community Health Workers (CHWs), which is considered less risky than health centres (0.33; p-value = 0.05). In the case of fever, people out of caution, prefer to consult health centres rather than self-medicate (-1.86; p-value = 0.00). People’s behaviour differs according to the symptoms of their illness, diarrhoea being less well-known and less frequent as a symptom of Covid-19 than fever.
Tramadol Abuse Among Yeloyelo Drivers in the Tamale Metropolis
Authors: Salifu Abukari , Adam Yussif Hamdan , Toufique Seidu 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
Tramadol abuse has become a major public health concern in many countries and Ghana as well. This study was carried out among tricycle drivers (Yeloyelo drivers) in the Tamale metropolis. This study sought to discuss the factors that influence the use of tramadol among tricycle drivers in the Tamale metropolitan area in the Northern Ghana.
Methods
The study employed qualitative approach. Purposive and snowball sampling techniques were used to select six terminal stations and 30 participants were selected from the six tricycle terminals stations in the Tamale Metropolis. 60 participants were also selected for FGDs. The results were analyzed using the Nvivo 10 software.
Results
The results of the study found that majority of the participants were engaged in the use of tramadol, some participants were found using tramadol and other substances such as alcohol mixed energy drinks, tramadol mixed with alcohol and snuffing of moringa powder mixed with cocaine without prescription from a physician. The study revealed that most participants abuse tramadol by taking in unapproved dosages of 500, 250, 200 and 150 (mg) dosages respectively as mentioned by some participants in the interviews conducted.
Conclusion
The study revealed that the three most compelling reasons why tricycle drivers use tramadol are; to energize themselves and become physically active, to relieve pains and peer group pressure. The study equally found the following side effects supporting the use of tramadol. Nausea, road accidents, sleeping while driving, anxiety, aggressiveness and dizziness are possible effects of tramadol use as was mentioned by participants. In addition, respiratory failures, anxiety, depression, aggressiveness, seizures, inattentiveness and inability to focus are equally the side effects of tramadol use among the yeloyelo drivers in the Tamale Metropolis.
Reliability analysis of discrete-time multi-state star configuration power grid systems with performance sharing
Authors: Su Peng , Zhang Keyong , Shi Honghua 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This paper studies an assessment method for dynamic reliability of a discrete time multi-state star configuration power grid system with performance sharing. The proposed star configuration power grid system consists of n power generation subsystems fixed in star-terminal and one central collection and redistribution subsystem. All-star-terminal power generation subsystems are connected to the central subsystem in a point-to-point manner through their intermediate transmission links. It is assumed that the electric power of each generator and the demand of each star-terminal subsystem are random variables. The star-terminal subsystems with sufficient electric power can first transmit the surplus electric power to the central subsystem, and then the collected electric power in central subsystem is further redistributed to the star-terminal subsystems which are experiencing electric power deficiency through the corresponded transmission links. This paper investigates the dynamic reliability of the proposed power grid system when the demands of all star-terminal subsystems are satisfied after performance sharing. An algorithm based on the universal generating function (UGF) technique is presented to evaluate the dynamic reliability of the proposed power grid system with performance sharing. Finally, a numerical example and a case study are used to illustrate the accuracy of the proposed model and method.
Genomic Landscape of Early-Stage Prostate Adenocarcinoma in Mexican patients: An exploratory study
Authors: Cerrato-Izaguirre Dennis , González-Ruíz Jonathan , Diaz-Chavez José , Ramírez Andrea , Scavuzzo Anna , Jimenez Miguel A. , Cortés-González Carlo , Rubio Jairo A. , Pérez-Montiel María D. , García-Cuellar Claudia M. , Herrera Luis A. , Sánchez-Pérez Yesennia , Vaca-Paniagua Felipe , Barquet-Muñoz Salim , Cantu-de-Leon David , Bose Promita , Prada Diddier 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Health disparities have been highlighted among patient with prostate adenocarcinoma (PRAD) due to ethnicity. Mexican men present a more aggressive disease than other patients resulting in less favorable treatment outcome. We aimed to identify the mutational landscape which could help to reduce the health disparities among minority groups and generate the first genomics exploratory study of PRAD in Mexican patients.
Methods
Paraffin-embedded formalin-fixed tumoral tissue from 20 Mexican patients with early-stage PRAD treated at The Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Mexico City from 2017–2019 were analyzed. Tumoral DNA was prepared for whole exome sequencing, the resulting files were mapped against h19 using BWA-MEM. Strelka2 and Lancet packages were used to identify single nucleotide variants (SNV) and insertions or deletions. FACETS was used to determine somatic copy number alterations (SCNA). Cancer Genome Interpreter web interface was used to determine the clinical relevance of variants.
Results
Patients were in an early clinical stage and had a mean age of 59.55 years (standard deviation [SD]: 7.1 years) with 90% of them having a Gleason Score of 7. Follow-up time was 48.50 months (SD: 32.77) with recurrences and progression in 30% and 15% of the patients, respectively. NUP98 (20%), CSMD3 (15%) and FAT1 (15%) were the genes most frequently affected by SNV; ARAF (75%) and ZNF419 (70%) were the most frequently affected by losses and gains SNCA’s. One quarter of the patients had mutations useful as biomarkers for the use of PARP inhibitors, they comprise mutations in BRCA, RAD54L and ATM. SBS05, DBS03 and ID08 were the most common mutational signatures present in this cohort. No associations with recurrence or progression were identified.
Conclusions
This study reveals the mutational landscape of early-stage prostate adenocarcinoma in men. Understanding mutational patterns and actionable mutations in early prostate cancer can inform personalized treatment approaches and reduce the underrepresentation in genomic cancer studies.
The Kampo formulae “Juzen-taiho-to (TJ-48), Boi-ogi-to (TJ-20), Keishi-bukuryo-gan (TJ-25),and Oren-gedoku-to (TJ-15)” inhibit the activation of hepatic stellate cells
Authors: Jiang Yaxuan , Li Hongyang , Ngo Quang Trung , Kawami Masashi , Kawahara Akihiro , Kanno Keishi , Ito Masanori , Ogawa-Ochiai Keiko 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Aim
This study aimed to explore the effects of TJ-48 (juzen-taiho-to), TJ-20 (boi-ogi-to), TJ-25 (keishi-bukuryo-gan), and TJ-15 (oren-gedoku-to) on hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation, as well as the impact of different concentrations of Kampo formulae on metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) liver fibrosis by analyzing the changes in the expression levels of alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and collagen type I alpha 1 chain (COL1A1) gene.
Methods
Different concentrations (0, 100, 500, 1000 µg/mL) of Kampo formulae were added to HSC-LX2 cells and cultured for 48 h. Real-time PCR and western blotting were used to detect α-SMA and COL1A1 mRNA and protein expression.
Results
Increasing TJ-48 concentrations caused the α-SMA and COL1A1 mRNA and protein expression to decrease sequentially, with a significant decrease in α-SMA mRNA levels at 500 and 1000 µg/mL TJ-48. Further, increasing TJ-20 concentrations resulted in a linear decrease in α-SMA mRNA expression. Similarly, adding TJ-25 led to a sequential decrease in α-SMA and COL1A1 mRNA and protein expression, with a significant drop in α-SMA mRNA and protein expression at 500 and 1000 µg/mL TJ-25. Likewise, the addition of TJ-15 caused a steady decline in α-SMA mRNA and protein levels, with a significant decrease in α-SMA mRNA and COL1A1 mRNA and protein levels at 1000 µg/mL TJ-15.
Conclusion
Our findings indicated that TJ-48, TJ-20, TJ-25, and TJ-15 significantly inhibited the activation of hepatic stellate cells and prevented the development of liver fibrosis. Future in vivo and clinical studies are warranted on this topic.
Influence of Exfoliated G-c3n4 on the Mechanical Properties of Structural Mortars
Authors: Fernandes Izabella Katia Maciel , Costa Bianca da Silva Lima Miconi , Reis Leonardo Mayer , de Oliveira Raquel Kenya Ferreira Gonçalves , Calixto José Marcio Fonseca , Ladeira Luiz Orlando , de Souza Tarcizo da Cruz Costa , Houmard Manuel 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

This study intends to develop a new mortar material with improving microstructural properties through the addition of nanomaterials in its composition. Among the nanomaterials with interesting features, graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) stands out for having a graphene-like carbon-based structure, in addition to exhibiting high chemical/thermal stability, and excellent electronic and optical properties. The present study evaluated the influence of exfoliated g-C3N4 addition, with 0.25%, 0.50%, and 1.00% by weight of anhydrous cement, on the physical and mechanical properties of structural mortars. The microstructure of the exfoliated g-C3N4 was characterized by transmission electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Regarding the characterization of the mortars, the physical and mechanical properties were evaluated by flow table test, porosity and density measurements, SEM microscopy, and flexural and compressive strength tests. When the dosage of g-C3N4 nanosheets was 1.0% by weight of cement, the compressive and flexural tensile strengths at 28 days increased by 16% and 18%, respectively. At the same time, the addition of the nanomaterials also seems to have reduced the workability and slightly increased the total porosity. When compared with regular cement mortar, despite negatively affecting the compaction of the structure, it reveals that the exfoliated g-C3N4 addition could act as a reinforcing agent, improving the engineering performance of the cement composites making possible the production of lighter and stronger structures.
Increased frequency of CHD1 deletions in prostate cancers of African American men is associated with rapid disease progression without inducing homologous recombination deficiency
Authors: Szallasi Zoltan , Diossy Miklos , Tisza Viktoria , Li Hua , Sahgal Pranshu , Zhou Jia , Sztupinszki Zsofia , Young Denise , Nuosome Darryl , Kuo Claire , Jiang Jiji , Chen Yongmei , Ebner Reinhard , Sesterhenn Isabell , Moncur Joel , Chesnut Gregory , Petrovics Gyorgy , T.Klus Gregory , Valcz Gábor , Nuzzo Pier , Ribli Dezso , Börcsök Judit , Prósz Aurél , Krzystanek Marcin , Ried Thomas , Szüts Dávid , Rizwan Kinza , Kaochar Salma , Pathania Shailja , D'Andrea Alan , Csabai István , Srivast Shib , Freedman Matthew , Dobi Albert , Spisak Sandor 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

We analyzed genomic data derived from the prostate cancer of African and European American men in order to identify differences that may contribute to racial disparity of outcome and that could also define novel therapeutic strategies. In addition to analyzing patient derived next generation sequencing data, we performed FISH based confirmatory studies of Chromodomain helicase DNA-binding protein 1 (CHD1) loss on prostate cancer tissue microarrays. We created CRISPR edited, CHD1 deficient prostate cancer cell lines for genomic, drug sensitivity and functional homologous recombination (HR) activity analysis. We found that subclonal deletion of CHD1 is nearly three times as frequent in prostate tumors of African American men than in men of European ancestry and it associates with rapid disease progression. We further showed that CHD1 deletion is not associated with homologous recombination deficiency associated mutational signatures in prostate cancer. In prostate cancer cell line models CHD1 deletion did not induce HR deficiency as detected by RAD51 foci formation assay or mutational signatures, which was consistent with the moderate increase of olaparib sensitivity. CHD1 deficient prostate cancer cells, however, showed higher sensitivity to talazoparib. CHD1 loss may contribute to worse outcome of prostate cancer in African American men. A deeper understanding of the interaction between CHD1 loss and PARP inhibitor sensitivity will be needed to determine the optimal use of targeted agents such as talazoparib in the context of castration resistant prostate cancer.
Subjective Performance Assessment Protocol for Visual Explanations-based Face Verification Explainability
Authors: Bousnina Naima , Ascenso João , Correia Paulo Lobato , Pereira Fernando 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

The integration of Face Verification (FV) systems into multiple critical moments of daily life has become increasingly prevalent, raising concerns regarding the transparency and reliability of these systems. Consequently, there is a growing need for FV explainability tools to provide insights into the behavior of these systems. FV explainability tools that generate visual explanations, e.g., saliency maps, heatmaps, contour-based visualization maps, and face segmentation maps show promise in enhancing FV transparency by highlighting the contributions of different face regions to the FV decision-making process. However, evaluating the performance of such explainability tools remains challenging due to the lack of standardized assessment metrics and protocols. In this context, this paper proposes a subjective performance assessment protocol for evaluating the explainability performance of visual explanation-based FV explainability tools through pairwise comparisons of their explanation outputs. The proposed protocol encompasses a set of key specifications designed to efficiently collect the subjects’ preferences and estimate explainability performance scores, facilitating the relative assessment of the explainability tools. This protocol aims to address the current gap in evaluating the effectiveness of visual explanation-based FV explainability tools, providing a structured approach for assessing their performance and comparing with alternative tools. The proposed protocol is exercised and validated through an experiment conducted using two distinct heatmap-based FV explainability tools, notably FV-RISE and CorrRISE, taken as examples of visual explanation-based explainability tools, considering the various types of FV decisions, i.e., True Acceptance (TA), False Acceptance (FA), True Rejection (TR), and False Rejection (FR). A group of subjects with variety in age, gender, and ethnicity was tasked to express their preferences regarding the heatmap-based explanations generated by the two selected explainability tools. The subject preferences were collected and statistically processed to derive quantifiable scores, expressing the relative explainability performance of the assessed tools. The experimental results revealed that both assessed explainability tools exhibit comparable explainability performance for FA, TR, and FR decisions with CorrRISE performing slightly better than FV-RISE for TA decisions.
Optimal use of urban rooftops can synergize food and energy production objectives
Authors: Hu Yuanchao , Yang Rui , Xu Chao , Zhang Haoran , Wang Zhen , Pradhan Prajal , Lian Xihong , Jiao Limin , Bai Xuemei , Cui Shenghui , Zhu Yong-Guan 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Urban rooftop agriculture (RA) and photovoltaics (RPV) offer sustainable solutions for energy-food systems in cities but compete for limited rooftop space. We explore the potential benefits (provisioning, economic, and environmental) and allocation strategy of RA and RPV across 13 million buildings in 124 Chinese cities, considering building height, age, function, rooftop type and occupation, and regional productivity. We found that RA yields superior economic benefits, while RPV excels in cradle-to-grave greenhouse gas emission reduction benefits. Prioritizing either RA or RPV compromises 70–100% of the above benefits brought by the other. An optimized allocation to maximize the overall benefits would retain >55% of their potential, meeting 14% (mean, 0.5–99% across cities) of urban vegetable needs and 5% (0.5–27% across cities) of the electricity needs. Such a scenario requires allocating 54% (varied 4–99% across cities) of the flat rooftop area to RA, and all remaining rooftops to RPV. Together, the productivity from rooftop RA and RPV are equivalent to 2.3×103 km2 of cropland and 86 Mt of coal, contribute 1.5% of the national GDP and reduce 1.6% of national greenhouse gas emissions (account for 0.1–33% of city levels), requiring considerable water (up to 18% of urban residential water use) and material demand (e.g., totalling 9 kt silver). By elucidating the benefits and resource costs of rooftop utilization, our findings can support synergetic decision-making to meet multiple sustainability goals in diverse cities.