bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immunoglobulin E distribution in atopic nasal mucosa
Authors: Testa Benedetto , Cuccurullo Luigi , Mesolella Carlo , Ferraraccio Franca 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe distribution of B lymphocytes, and immunoglobulins G, A, M, and E in nasal mucosa was studied in frozen biopsy sections of nasal turbinate from 16 allergic patients and 8 controls. The immunoperoxidase technique was used with monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies. Comparative analyses of serum immunoglobulin levels were also performed. Few B lymphocytes were observed in the nasal mucosa linings in specimens from allergic and non‐allergic patients. In both groups, high positivity for IgG and IgA was observed in the nasal mucosa linings in the specimens. IgM concentration was minimal in both groups. IgE was absent in the nasal turbinate specimens of nonallergic subjects, but was present discontinuously in low concentrations in 7 of the 16 allergic patients. There was no significant difference between allergic and nonallergic patients in the tissue and serum IgG, IgA, and IgM concentrations found. IgE was detected slightly in the nasal mucosa of patients with high IgE serum concentrations (>1000 IU/mL) as well as in patients with very low IgE serum concentration readings. This result raises some doubt on the hypothesis concerning the local production of IgE.
Stimulus Repetition Rate Effect on the Auditory Brainstem Response in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Borton Thomas E. , Eby Thomas L. , Ball Eugene V. , Nolen B. Lynn , Bradley Edwin L. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractNeuropsychiatric involvement is common in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), but, in nearly half of cases, indications are not present on examination. Auditory brainstem response (ABR) measures using differential stimulus repetition rates have been reported as sensitive indicators of subclinical central nervous system (CNS) disorders associated with SLE. In the present study, ABRs were measured in a group of normal‐hearing subjects with SLE, as well as in a group of subject controls. Differences in interpeak latency (IPL) measures obtained using low‐ and high‐stimulus repetition rates did not reach statistical significance (P >.05). Clinical utility of ABRs using high‐ and low‐stimulus repetition rates for the identification of occult CNS disorder in patients with SLE was not demonstrated.
Hemodynamics of the rodent abdominal skin flap following primary ischemia
Authors: Ho Bryan T. , Weinberg Hubert , Zhang Wex X. , Aviv Jonathan E. , Biller Hugh F. , Urken Mark L. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe effect of varying periods of ischemia and reperfusion times on subsequent blood flow was studied in the rodent abdominal skin flap. Using perfusion fluorometry, measurements of blood flow were quantified in 60 Sprague‐Dawley rats undergoing clamp‐induced ischemic periods ranging from 0 to 6 hours and reperfusion times ranging from 2 to 8 hours. Flaps subjected to ischemia times of 0, 2, 4, or 6 hours require 8 hours of reperfusion time before reaching baseline levels of blood flow. Blood flow in flaps subjected to 6 hours of ischemia was statistically less than the flow in flaps ischemic for 0, 2, and 4 hours and was directly related to length of reperfusion. These results demonstrate that flap perfusion does not fully take place immediately after clamp release. The factors thought to be responsible for these findings and the implications for the design and interpretation of flap ischemia experiments are discussed.
Sulcus vocalis in laryngeal cancer: A histopathologic study
Authors: Nakayama Meijin , Ford Charles N. , Brandenburg James H. , Bless Diane M. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe incidental finding of sulcus vocalis in surgical specimens of patients with laryngeal cancer prompted this review. Sulcus deformities were histologically identified in 28 (48%) of 58 whole‐mount coronal serial‐sectioned laryngeal specimens procured from laryngeal cancer patients. The lesions were analyzed, described, and graded. A control group of 20 larynges, obtained from autopsies of patients without known laryngeal pathology, were similarly processed, and whole‐mount histologic sections were studied. Four of these specimens (20%) also demonstrated sulcus deformities. In the control group, the shape and location of the sulci were similar, but the lesions were smaller than in the cancer group. The sulcus lesions revealed chronic inflammation of the subepithelial tissues with vascular ingrowth and fibrosis of the superficial lamina propria (Reinke's space); in the cancer group the sulcus was usually on the opposite vocal fold, where irritation from the tumor might be anticipated. Although the etiology of the sulci remains controversial, these findings suggest that irritation and inflammation might play a role in the pathogenesis of sulcus vocalis.
Tracheostomal stenosis after total laryngectomy: An analysis of predisposing clinicalfactors
Authors: Kuo Michael , Ho Chiu‐Ming , Wei William I. , Lam Kam‐Hing 
Published: October 2006

AbstractStenosis of the terminal tracheostome is a distressing complication of total laryngectomy. A retrospective analysis of 207 patients who underwent total laryngectomy is presented; an overall incidence of tracheostomal stenosis of 13% is reported. The incidence of tracheostomal stenosis is higher in females (26%), patients having immediate tracheoesophageal puncture (19%), pectoralis major myocutaneous flap pharyngeal reconstruction (26%), and tracheostomal infection (50%) which is shown to be significant (P<.05). However, on multivariate analysis, only female sex and tracheostomal infection are independent determinants. Recognition of these clinical factors identifies patients at increased risk of developing this complication and thus allows appropriate perioperative planning to minimize its incidence.
Surgical variables affecting postoperative swallowing efficiency in oral cancer patients: A pilot study
Authors: Mcconnel Fred M. S. , Logemann Jerilyn A. , Rademaker Alfred W. , Pauloski Barbara Roa , Baker Shan R. , Lewin Jan , Shedd Donald , Heiser Mary Anne , Cardinale Salvatore , Collins Sharon , Graner Darlene , Cook Barbara S. , Milianti Frank , Baker Theresa 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThis study examined the correlation between swallow function at 3 months postoperatively and surgical variables including volume resected, flap volume, ratio of flap volume to volume resected, percentage of oral tongue, tongue base, and anterior and lateral floor of mouth resected, and whether or not the mandible was preserved in 30 surgically treated oral cancer patients. Swallows of measured amounts of liquid and paste (pudding) materials were examined videofluoroscopically. Nine measures of swallow function were completed for each swallow. A factor analysis of all swallow variables was done for liquid and for paste consistencies to determine whether one measure was statistically representative of all swallow measures. This analysis indicated that oral pharyngeal swallow efficiency (OPSE) represented all measures for both liquid and paste consistencies. Then the correlation between OPSE and surgical variables was defined. Only percentage of oral tongue and percentage of tongue base resected were significantly negatively correlated with OPSE. That is, OPSE decreased for both liquid and paste as percentage of oral tongue or percentage of tongue base resected increased. Results are discussed in terms of diet choices and surgical management.
The maximal stimulation and facial nerve conduction latency tests: Predicting the outcome of bell's palsy
Authors: Ruboyianes John M. , Adour Kedar K. , Santos David Q. , Von Doersten Peter G. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractTo test the hypothesis that the facial nerve conduction latency test is a better and earlier indicator of prognosis than other electrodiagnostic tests, 86 patients with Bell's palsy were followed for a minimum of 4 months. To select control subjects for our own research clinic and for comparison with the patient population, latency values in 25 normal volunteers (50 sides) were determined. Serial maximal stimulation tests (MST) and latency tests were conducted to determine disease severity and prognosis in Bell's palsy patients. Outcome was graded using the Facial Paralysis Recovery Profile (FPRP) and Facial Paralysis Recovery Index (FPRI) as well as the House grading system. The capability of the two tests to accurately predict outcome was evaluated. The MST accurately predicted outcome in 94% of patients studied. In the control group, normal latency values were a mean 3.8 msec with a standard deviation of 0.49. In the patient population, latency values were either within normal limits or absent. When done within 4 days of onset of Bell's palsy, neither test was capable of predicting axonal degeneration. Statistical analyses included Fisher's Exact Test, the paired Student's t test, and correlation coefficient calculations.
Congenital cholesteatoma
Authors: Friedberg Jacob 
Published: October 2006

AbstractSince the late 1970s, the author has had the opportunity to prospectively study, document, and surgically manage 40 cases of congenital cholesteatoma. All cases met strict criteria for inclusion in the study, all were surgically and pathologically confirmed, and were definitively followed. During that same period, 38 cases were managed by other members of the otolaryngology department.It is the purpose of this thesis to critically study this personal and institutional experience, and to validate the rationale for early diagnosis and prompt and effective surgical intervention.
Human papillomavirus (HPV) in sinonasal papillomas: A study of 78 cases using in situ hybridization and polymerase chain reaction
Authors: Buchwald Christian , Franzmann Maria‐Benedicte , Jacobsen Grete Krag , Lindeberg Henning 
Published: October 2006

AbstractTo determine the role of human papillomavirus (HPV) in the etiology of sinonasal papillomas, 57 inverted papillomas including 5 cases associated with carcinomas, 16 exophytic papillomas, and 5 cases of columnar cell papillomas were examined for the presence of HPV DNA by in situ hybridization and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The genetic studies were performed on the formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded material.In only 6% of the 52 benign inverted papillomas was HPV DNA identified, whereas 69% of the exophytic papillomas were infected by HPV DNA. In none of the 5 cases with columnar cell papillomas could HPV be demonstrated. HPV 6/11 was identified in all of these HPV‐positive cases. In the carcinoma area, HPV was detected in 2 (1 HPV 6/11 and 1 HPV 18) of the 5 inverted papillomas associated with carcinomas. The findings confirm the presence of HPV DNA in sinonasal papillomas. The results also indicate that HPV 6/11 may be involved in the pathogenesis of, solely, exophytic papillomas. We found that in situ hybridization and PCR seem equally sensitive in detecting HPV in sinonasal papillomas.
Effect of local epinephrine on cutaneous bloodflow in the human neck
Authors: O'Malley Timothy P. , Postma Gregory N. , Holtel Michael , Girod Douglas A. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe effectiveness of local anesthetics is improved by the addition of a vasoconstrictor which increases duration of action and decreases both systemic toxic reactions and local bleeding. Epinephrine, the standard drug for vasoconstriction, has some limitations due to potential dose‐related cardiac and local toxic effects. The authors examined the minimal effective epinephrine concentration required for maximal cutaneous vasoconstriction in the human subject so as to limit potential dose‐related side effects. In a randomized, double‐blinded prospective study, 23 patients undergoing head and neck surgical procedures under general anesthesia were enrolled to quantify the effect of subdermal infiltration of 1% lidocaine with epinephrine at varying concentrations on local cutaneous bloodflow utilizing laser Doppler flowmetry. A comparison of the onset of vasoconstriction and magnitude of diminished bloodflow was made for several commonly used concentrations of epinephrine, with 1% lidocaine and normal saline serving as controls. There were no significant differences (P>.05) between epinephrine concentrations of 1:400,000, 1:200,000, 1:100,000, and 1:50,000 when examining onset and magnitude of vasoconstriction.
Three‐dimensional reconstruction of the feline larynx with serial histologic sections
Authors: Moses Ron L. , Flint Paul W. , Paik C. H. , Zinreich S. James , Cummings Charles W. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThis paper reviews a new technique to develop high‐resolution three‐dimensional (3‐D) images of the larynx using histological sections. Three‐dimensional computer‐reconstructed histological sections of the cat are used in this study to evaluate the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) in its true anatomic course, with emphasis on its relationship to surrounding structures (laryngeal framework). A cat model was used because of specimen availability and technical ease of tissue preparation. Computer‐reconstructed serial histologic sections add a new dimension to the study of laryngeal anatomy, laryngeal trauma, and growth patterns of laryngeal cancer. The technical aspects of three‐dimensional reconstruction and future applications are discussed.
Biochemical evidence of platelet‐activating factor (paf) in human middle ear effusions
Authors: Furukawa Masayuki , Kubo Nobuo , Yamashita Toshio 
Published: October 2006

AbstractPlatelet‐activating factor (PAF) is one of the most potent biological lipid mediators. This is especially true in relation to inflammation. In order to characterize the biochemical features of otitis media with effusion, the authors characterized and determined the concentration of the PAF present in human middle ear effusions obtained from 23 patients with otitis media with effusion. Each sample of middle ear effusion was divided into two groups: serous (n = 12) and mucoid effusions (n = 11). The platelet‐activating factor activity was found mainly in mucoid middle ear effusions, and the amounts of PAF were higher in mucoid type (3.55 ± 1.19 ng/g, mean ± standard deviation [SD]) than in the serous type (0.44 ± 0.19 ng/g). Phospholipids obtained from the middle ear effusions contained a large amount of lyso‐platelet‐activating factor, the biologically inactive precursor or breakdown product of platelet‐activating factor. Based on these findings, it is suggested that platelet‐activating factor may play an important role as a mediator of the inflammatory responses in the pathogenesis of otitis media with effusion.
Comparison of laser doppler flowmeter and radioactive microspheres in measuring blood flow in pig skin flaps
Authors: Rival Richard , Bance Manohar , Antonyshyn Oleh , Phillips John , Pang Cho Y. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractLaser Doppler flowmetry is a noninvasive technique commonly used to monitor skin perfusion after free‐tissue transfer or replantation in reconstructive surgery. Several investigators have expressed concern about the reliability of the quantitative value provided by laser Doppler flowmeters (LDF) and the extent to which they reflect nutrient blood flow. This experiment was designed to compare quantitatively the skin blood flow in the pig measured by LDF and by 15‐μm radioactive microspheres (RMs). It was observed that the skin blood flow rates measured by LDF and RMs in the normal skin and in acute random‐pattern and arterialized skin flaps were highly correlated (r = 0.93, P<.01). However, the skin blood flow rates measured by LDF were consistently higher (P≤.05) than the corresponding flow rates measured by RMs, and this discrepancy increased considerably at low skin blood flow rates (< 2 mL/min/100 g). We speculated that the LDF most likely measured both nutrient and arteriovenous shunt flow in the skin and that this arteriovenous shunt flow at least in part caused the discrepancy in skin blood flow rates measured by the LDF and RMs because the 15‐um RMs are known to measure nutrient blood flow only. The inherent variations and errors in LDF technique were also discussed.
Eosinophilic infiltration in advanced laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Sassier Alfred M. , Mcclatchey Kenneth D. , Wolf Gregory T. , Fisher Susan G. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractTumor‐associated tissue eosinophilia (TATE) has been related to prognosis in epithelial cancers, including cancers at several head and neck sites. This study prospectively examined 248 patients with stage in and IV laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma to determine prevalence and potential prognostic significance of TATE. Pretreatment tumor specimens were histopathologically evaluated. Presence and degree of TATE were analyzed with regard to other tumor characteristics, patient characteristics, and outcome criteria. Median follow‐up was 48 months. Eosinophilia was found in 22.5% of specimens and was not related to tumor site, stage, patient age or sex, or treatment modality. Overall and disease‐free survival rates and response to induction chemotherapy did not differ significantly with respect to TATE. This study represents the first long‐term, prospective evaluation of TATE and its prognostic significance in a single head and neck site. Contrary to the findings of earlier preliminary reports, our results suggest that TATE is not a clinical useful prognostic parameter in advanced laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma.
Perceptual and respiratory responses to added nasal airway resistance loads in older adults
Authors: Laine Maija T. , Warren Donald W. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe purpose of the present study was to assess breathing behavior under various nasal resistance load conditions and, in particular, to determine whether respiratory responses to added nasal resistance loads occur before the threshold perception of an added load. The participants were 40 older adults who ranged in age from 59 to 82 years. Nasal airflow and resistance were measured with the pressure‐flow technique, which was modified to create calibrated resistance loads. Statistical analyses revealed a significant decrease in airflow rate and volume during load conditions both before perceptual detection and at detection of increased resistance in comparison to a “no load” condition. No differences in respiratory behaviors were found between the load condition just before perceptual detection of an increased resistance load and the load condition at detection. The present findings suggest that physiologic responses to changes in the airway environment apparently occur even before there is perceptual recognition that the environment has changed.
The effect of very early cleft palate closure on the need for ventilation tubes in the first years of life
Authors: Nunn Donald R. , Derkay Craig S. , Darrow David H. , Magee William , Strasnick Barry 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe otologic consequences associated with cleft palates are well known. Closure of palatal clefts within the first weeks of life has many potential benefits, including improved feeding and cosmesis. The potential otologic benefits of very early closure are not known. Eighteen newborns have undergone closure of their palatal clefts within the first month of life with subsequent otolaryngology follow‐up through our craniofacial center. Thirteen (72%) of the 18 still required placement of ventilation tubes during their first 3 years of life because of persistent effusion (for more than 120 days) or recurrent infection (more than four episodes in 6 months or more than six episodes in 12 months). Very early cleft palate closure may not significantly alter the need for ventilation tubes in children with palatal clefts.
Modified transnasal endoscopic lothrop procedure: Further considerations
Authors: Becker Daniel G. , Moore David , Lindsey William H. , Gross William E. , Gross Charles W. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe Lothrop procedure resects the medial frontal sinus floor, superior nasal septum, and intersinus septum to create a large frontonasal communication. However, the external approach often allowed medial collapse of soft tissue and stenosis of the nasofrontal communication. We describe a modified transnasal endoscopic Lothrop procedure in which drills are used for cases in which frontal recess exploration fails to relieve obstruction of the frontal sinus. The lateral bony walls are preserved, and medial collapse does not occur. The mucosa of the posterior table and posterior nasofrontal duct is preserved, and a single common frontal opening is created. We have found this approach to be safe and reliable. Fourteen patients have undergone this procedure without complication, achieving resolution or improvement of their symptoms and maintaining wide patency of the frontonasal opening. We recognize that long‐term follow‐up will be required but remain encouraged with our favorable results to date.Laryngoscope, 105:1161‐1166, 1995
Cochlear implantation in the congenital malformed cochlea
Authors: Slattery William H. , Luxford William M. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractCochlear implantation has proven beneficial for numerous children with profound congenital hearing impairments. Some congenitally deaf ears, however, may have anatomical malformations. This study reports the authors' recent experience with cochlear implants in patients with congenital inner ear malformations.Since 1987, 10 patients with congenital abnormal inner ear structures have been implanted at the House Ear Clinic; 8 with abnormal cochleas and 2 with enlarged vestibular aqueducts. Nine patients received the Nucleus 22 device and 1 patient was implanted with the 3M/House device. Some modifications of the routine surgical approach were required in 5 patients. A cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak occurred in 4 of the 10 cases. There was a relationship between the degree of abnormality and the number of electrodes that could be inserted. All 10 patients can perceive sound and are active users of their implants.Laryngoscope, 105:1184‐1187, 1995
Otitis Media Following Tympanostomy Tube Placement in Children With IgG2 Deficiency
Authors: Masin Jeffrey S. , Hostoffer Robert W. , Arnold James E. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractChildren with IgG2 deficiency commonly develop recurrent acute otitis media. It is believed that these infections are secondary to impaired antibody response rather than eustachian tube dysfunction and are therefore less responsive to treatment with tympanostomy tubes.The authors compared the incidence of acute otitis media in IgG2‐deficient patients following tympanostomy tube placement with controls in a retrospective cohort study. The charts of 20 patients (10 with IgG2 deficiency and 10 controls) were reviewed. Episodes of otitis media were recorded for 12 months. IgG2‐deficient patients experienced three times as many occurrences of otitis media as did controls. This suggests that otitis media is much more common in these patients following tympanostomy tube placement. We believe that an immunodeficiency workup should be considered in patients with multiple episodes of otitis media following placement of tympanostomy tubes.