bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heteroatom Engineering of a Dibenzo[g,p]Chrysene‐Based Hole Transporting Material Provides High‐Performance Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Zhang Xianfu , Zhang Shaochen , Liao Xiaobin , Ding Bin , Rahim Ghadari , Zhao Kangning , Chen Jianlin , Han Mingyuan , Zhou Ying , Shi Pengju , Zhang Kai , Kinge Sachin , Zhang Hong , Wang Rui , Brooks Keith G. , Dai Songyuan , Liu Xuepeng , Fei Zhaofu , Dyson Paul J. , Nazeeruddin Mohammad Khaja , Ding Yong 
Published: February 2024

AbstractHole‐transporting materials (HTMs) are indispensable for realizing efficient and stable perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Herein, a novel dibenzo[g,p]chrysene‐based HTM, termed FTPE‐OSMe, is synthesized with peripheral methoxy‐ and methylthio‐groups, which contrasts with most other small molecule HTMs that feature only methoxy‐groups. The presence of methoxy‐ and methylthio‐groups endows FTPE‐OSMe with appropriate energy levels, high‐hole mobility and enhanced interfacial interactions. PSCs employing Li‐TFSI and 4‐tert‐butylpyridine‐doped FTPE‐OSMe demonstrate a remarkable power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 24.94% (certified 24.89%). The larger‐scale PSC (1.0 cm2) and module (29.0 cm2) yield PCEs of 23.57 and 20.22%, respectively. In addition, the dopant‐free FTPE‐OSMe‐based PSCs exhibit a respectable PCE of 22.40% and excellent stability.
Rational Design of Dendritic Phase‐Pure Tin Antimonide Intermetallic Film‐Based Negatrodes for Commercially‐Viable Flexible Sodium‐Ion Pouch Cell Battery
Authors: Jena Sambedan , Sathishkumar Lakshmanan , Tran Duy Thanh , Jeong Kwang‐Un , Kim Nam Hoon , Lee Joong Hee 
Published: February 2024

AbstractExploiting the ability to directly deposit larger‐sized, flexible, alloying‐type sodium‐ion battery electrodes without the need of additional inactive components and processing steps is a strategic way to achieve higher gravimetric capacities which will be suitable for commercial‐level sodium‐ion (SIB) pouch cell manufacturing. In this regard, a simple, template‐free electroplating protocol is reported for designing phase‐pure tin antimonide (TA)‐based negatrode. An optimum control over the potentiostatic electroplating parameters allows the preferential formation of dendritic nanostructures over an electroplated foam‐based current collector. The prepared negatrode and Mn‐based Prussian blue analog positrode in full coin cell format deliver an average nominal working voltage of 3.0 V with a discharge energy density of 342 Wh kg−1. In single‐layer full pouch cell format, an 8.01 mAh capacity (89.89 mAh g−1, 593.3 µAh cm−2) is achieved at an undeformed state and 97.12% capacity is retained at 180° bend condition. In multi‐layer full pouch cell format, a 35.86 mAh capacity (80.58 mAh g−1, 531.2 µAh cm−2) is achieved with 62.77% capacity retention after 200 cycles (0.125 C). The results of this work showcase how a simple, template free, aqueous electrolyte based electroplating protocol can be developed for the direct fabrication of large‐sized, flexible, alloying‐type negatrodes for commercial SIB pouch cells.
Planar Chiral Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Materials Based on Di[2.2]paracyclophane for Circularly Polarized Electroluminescence
Authors: Gong Minghua , Yuan Li , Zheng You‐Xuan , Zheng Wen‐Hua 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn this study, featuring di[2.2]paracyclophane (DpCp) amine derivatives as electron donors and 4‐(4,6‐diphenyl‐1,3,5‐triazin‐2‐yl)phenyl (Trz) as the electron acceptor, four thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) molecules are disclosed. The C2 symmetric molecules, DpCpN‐Trz and DpCpCz‐Trz, bearing a chair‐like planar chiral di[2.2]paracyclophane moiety, are obtained as optically pure enantiomers (R/S)‐C‐DpCpN‐Trz and (R/S)‐C‐DpCpCz‐Trz. And the compounds B‐DpCpN‐Trz and B‐DpCpCz‐Trz with a bridge‐like di[2.2]paracyclophane skeleton are meso‐compounds, thus without optically activity. All emitters show blue emissions peaking from 464 to 485 nm, accompanied by high photoluminescence quantum efficiency (up to 93%). The enantiomers (R/S)‐C‐DpCpN‐Trz and (R/S)‐C‐DpCpCz‐Trz exhibit symmetric circularly polarized photoluminescence spectra with dissymmetry factors (|gPL|) ranging from 3.8 × 10−4 to 6.7 × 10−4 in toluene and films. The organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) fabricated with these emitters achieve maximum external quantum efficiencies of up to 19.5%. Notably, the circularly polarized OLEDs (CP‐OLEDs) with (R/S)‐C‐DpCpN‐Trz and (R/S)‐C‐DpCpCz‐Trz demonstrate |gEL| factors of up to 7.6 × 10−4. This study demonstrates a feasible way to design TADF materials and enantiomers by incorporating DpCp derivatives for CP‐OLEDs.
A Supercapacitor Architecture for Extreme Low‐Temperature Operation Featuring MXene/Carbon Nanotube Electrodes with Vertically Aligned Channels and a Novel Freeze‐Resistant Electrolyte
Authors: Zhao Tianyu , Yang Dongzhi , Li Bai‐Xue , Shi Yongzheng , Quan Qiuyan , Koratkar Nikhil , Yu Zhong‐Zhen 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe electrochemical performance of supercapacitors drops precipitously at extreme low temperatures due to a multitude of reasons, which includes electrolyte freezing, sluggish ion transport in the electrode and electrolyte, and high charge transfer resistance at electrode–electrolyte interfaces. To address high interface resistance, a new supercapacitor architecture is reported, in which MXene/carbon nanotube electrodes with vertically aligned channels are synthesized to reduce tortuosity and maximize the electrode–electrolyte contact area. These electrodes are fabricated using a directional‐freezing strategy, generating direct and fast ion transport pathways. Further, a freeze‐resistant electrolyte which shows high ionic conductivity is synthesized by designing a double‐crosslinked polymer network in a binary solvent consisting of ionic liquid and water, which exhibits an ultralow freezing temperature of −54 °C. An all‐in‐one supercapacitor is assembled by an integrated polymerization strategy to minimize interfacial resistances. The resulting device delivers a specific capacitance of 231 F g−1 at 2 mV s−1 and a maximum energy density of 10.17 Wh kg−1, while maintaining a capacitance retention of 92%, even at an extreme low temperature of −50 °C. The supercapacitor architecture developed in this study, demonstrates the feasibility of electrochemical energy storage at extreme low temperatures.
Ultrathin Composite Separator Based on Lithiated COF Nanosheet for High Stability Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Yu Guofang , Cui Yin , Lin Shenghao , Liu Ruliang , Liu Shaohong , Zhu Youlong , Wu Dingcai 
Published: February 2024

AbstractLithium metal is considered as the ultimate anode material for high‐energy‐density rechargeable batteries. However, lithium metal batteries (LMBs) with commercial separators still face some challenges such as low cycling efficiency and uncontrollable Li dendrite growth, which seriously hampers the commercialization of LMBs. In this study, a novel kind of ultrathin (6.2 µm) multifunctional composite separator (TpPa‐SO3Li@PE) is designed and prepared via coating lithiated covalent organic framework nanosheet (TpPa‐SO3Li) on the surface of commercial polyethylene separator (PE). TpPa‐SO3Li@PE integrates features of the nanochannel arrays and abundant immobilized anionic sites, leading to efficient Li+ conduction and homogeneous Li+ flow. As a result, TpPa‐SO3Li@PE exhibits excellent Li+ conductivity (0.96 mS cm−1) and Li+ transference number (0.83) at room temperature, and Li/Li symmetric cell using TpPa‐SO3Li@PE separator possesses highly stable Li plating/striping (over 2600 h) at high current density (5 mA cm−2). Moreover, Li/LiFePO4 full cells with TpPa‐SO3Li@PE separator show excellent cycling performance (high capacity retention of 94.9% after 300 cycles at 1 C) and superior rate performance (high specific capacity of 113.6 mAh g−1 at 5 C).
Roadmap for Clinical Translation of Mobile Microrobotics
Authors: Bozuyuk Ugur , Wrede Paul , Yildiz Erdost , Sitti Metin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMedical microrobotics is an emerging field to revolutionize clinical applications in diagnostics and therapeutics of various diseases. On the other hand, the mobile microrobotics field has important obstacles to pass before clinical translation. This article focuses on these challenges and provides a roadmap of medical microrobots to enable their clinical use. From the concept of a “magic bullet” to the physicochemical interactions of microrobots in complex biological environments in medical applications, there are several translational steps to consider. Clinical translation of mobile microrobots is only possible with a close collaboration between clinical experts and microrobotics researchers to address the technical challenges in microfabrication, safety, and imaging. The clinical application potential can be materialized by designing microrobots that can solve the current main challenges, such as actuation limitations, material stability, and imaging constraints. The strengths and weaknesses of the current progress in the microrobotics field are discussed and a roadmap for their clinical applications in the near future is outlined.
Defect Passivation Refinement in Perovskite Photovoltaics: Achieving Efficiency over 45% under Low‐Light and Low‐Temperature Dual Extreme Conditions
Authors: Wang Yajie , Yang Tinghuan , Cai Weilun , Mao Peng , Yang Yang , Wu Nan , Liu Chou , Wang Shiqiang , Du Yachao , Huang Wenliang , Zhao Guangtao , Ding Zicheng , Yuan Ningyi , Ding Jianning , Zhong Yufei , Liu Shengzhong (Frank) , Zhao Kui 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPerovskite photovoltaics have emerged as the most promising candidates for next‐generation light‐to‐electricity technology. However, their practical application still suffers from energy loss induced by intrinsic defects within the perovskite lattice. Here, a refined defect passivation in perovskite films is designed, which shows a multi‐interaction mechanism between the perovskite and passivator. Interestingly, a shift of molecular bonding is observed upon cooling down the film, leading to a stronger passivation of iodine/formamidine vacancies. Such mechanism on device under low‐light and low‐temperature conditions is further leveraged and a record efficiency over 45% with durable ambient stability (T90 > 4000 h) is obtained. The pioneer application of perovskite solar cells in above dual extreme conditions in this work reveals the key principles of designing functional groups for the passivators, and also demonstrates the capability of perovskites for diverse terrestrial energy conversion applications in demanding environments such as polar regions and outer space.
Near‐Infrared Light Emitting Metal Halides: Materials, Mechanisms, and Applications
Authors: Liu Ying , Di Stasio Francesco , Bi Chenghao , Zhang Jibin , Xia Zhiguo , Shi Zhifeng , Manna Liberato 
Published: February 2024

AbstractNear‐Infrared (NIR) light emitting metal halides are emerging as a new generation of optical materials owing to their appealing features, which include low‐cost synthesis, solution processability, and adjustable optical properties. NIR‐emitting perovskite‐based light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) have reached an external quantum efficiency (EQE) of over 20% and a device stability of over 10,000 h. Such results have sparked an interest in exploring new NIR metal halide emitters. In this review, several different types of NIR‐emitting metal halides, including lead/tin bromide/iodide perovskites, lanthanide ions doped/based metal halides, double perovskites, low dimensional hybrid and Bi3+/Sb3+/Cr3+ doped metal halides, are summarized, and their recent advancement is assessed. The characteristics and mechanisms of narrow‐band or broadband NIR luminescence in all these materials are discussed in detail. Also, the various applications of NIR‐emitting metal halides are highlighted and an outlook for the field is provided.
Recent Advances in Flexible Pressure Sensors Based on MXene Materials
Authors: Qin Ruzhan , Nong Juan , Wang Keqiang , Liu Yishen , Zhou Songbin , Hu Mingjun , Zhao Hongbin , Shan Guangcun 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn the past decade, with the rapid development of wearable electronics, medical health monitoring, the Internet of Things, and flexible intelligent robots, flexible pressure sensors have received unprecedented attention. As a very important kind of electronic component for information transmission and collection, flexible pressure sensors have gained a wide application prospect in the fields of aerospace, biomedical and health monitoring, electronic skin, and human–machine interface. In recent years, MXene has attracted extensive attention because of its unique 2D layered structure, high conductivity, rich surface terminal groups, and hydrophilicity, which has brought a new breakthrough for flexible sensing. Thus, it has become a revolutionary pressure‐sensitive material with great potential. In this work, the recent advances of MXene‐based flexible pressure sensors are reviewed from the aspects of sensing type, sensing mechanism, material selection, structural design, preparation strategy, and sensing application. The methods and strategies to improve the performance of MXene‐based flexible pressure sensors are analyzed in details. Finally, the opportunities and challenges faced by MXene‐based flexible pressure sensors are discussed. This review will bring the research and development of MXene‐based flexible sensors to a new high level, promoting the wider research exploitation and practical application of MXene materials in flexible pressure sensors.
Contactless Scanning Near‐Field Optical Dilatometry Imaging at the Nanoscale
Authors: Wong Victor , Ezugwu Sabastine , Fanchini Giovanni 
Published: February 2024

AbstractTo date, there are very few experimental techniques, if any, that are suitable for the purpose of acquiring quantitative maps of the thermal expansivity of 2D materials and nanostructured thin films with nanoscale lateral resolution in spite of huge demand for nanoscale thermal management, for example in designing integrated circuitry for power electronics. Besides, contactless analytical tools for determining the thermal expansion coefficient (TEC) are highly desirable because probes in contact with the sample significantly perturb any thermal measurements. Here, ω‐2ω near‐field thermoreflectance imaging is presented as a novel, all‐optical, and contactless technique to map the TEC at the nanoscale with precision. Testing of this technique is performed on nanogranular films of gold and multilayer graphene (ML‐G) platelets. With ω‐2ω near‐field thermoreflectance, it is demonstrated that the TEC of Au is higher at the metal‐insulator interface, with an average of (17.12 ± 2.30) ×10−6 K−1 in agreement with macroscopic techniques. For ML‐G, the average TEC is (−5.77 ± 3.79) x10−6 K−1 and is assigned to in‐plane vibrational bending modes. A vibrational‐thermal transition from graphene to graphite is observed, where the TEC becomes positive as the ML thickness increases. The nanoscale method here reported demonstrates results in excellent agreement with its macroscopic counterparts, as well as superior capabilities to probe 2D materials and interfaces.
Shared‐Aperture 2‐Bit Coding Metasurface for Simultaneous Manipulation of Space Wave and Surface Wave
Authors: Yin Jia‐Yuan , Wu Zhuojian , Deng Jing‐Ya 
Published: February 2024

AbstractA shared‐aperture 2‐bit coding metasurface for simultaneously and independently manipulating space wave and surface wave is proposed in this paper. When the proposed coding metasurface is expected to modulate space wave, the unit cells can control the reflection phase. The reflected wave becomes various according to the specific coding sequence. When the proposed coding metasurface acts as spoof surface plasmon polaritons (SSPP) transmission line, the unit cells can modulate the surface impedance. With periodic modulation to the surface impedance, electromagnetic wave can be radiated into free space and the radiation beam scans as frequency changes. Space wave modulator works at 22.5 GHz, while the surface wave modulator works during the frequency range of 6.5–11.4 GHz. The total scanning angle of the radiated beam of surface wave modulator covers from −54° to 52°, with an average gain of 10.64 dBi. Simultaneous manipulation of both space wave and surface wave by a single metasurface makes the proposed device promising in the new radar and satellite communication systems with compact requirement.
Blue‐Light‐Excitable Red‐to‐Near Infrared Photoluminescence in 0D Antimony(III) Bromide Hybrids for Supplemental Lighting
Authors: Jin Jiance , Geng Shining , Han Kai , Xiao Zewen , Xia Zhiguo 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAntimony (III)‐containing halide hybrids possess a distinctive stereoactivity with a 5s2 lone pair, which further induces significant structural distortions upon light excitation. Herein disordered dis‐[TPPen]2SbBr5 (TPPen = triphenylpentylphosphonium) and ordered ord‐[TPPen]2SbBr5, have been synthesized and exhibit self‐trapped excitons (STEs) emissions in the red‐to‐near infrared (NIR) range. Benefiting from a high distortion degree of STEs confined within the [SbBr5]2− unit and the pronounced alterations in the Sb─Br bond lengths upon blue‐light excitation, dis‐[TPPen]2SbBr5 achieves a greater level of excited state distortion and a larger Stokes shift than those of ord‐[TPPen]2SbBr5. The fabrication of blue light excited NIR light‐emitting device based on dis‐[TPPen]2SbBr5 demonstrates the prospective application in night vision supplemental lighting and non‐destructive examination. This work provides valuable molecular design strategies for the NIR luminescent materials in hybrid metal halides.
Label‐Free Metal‐Oxide Transistor Biosensors for Metabolite Detection in Human Saliva
Authors: Sharma Abhinav , Faber Hendrik , AlGhamdi Wejdan S. , Naphade Dipti , Lin Yen‐Hung , Heeney Martin , Anthopoulos Thomas D. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMetabolites are essential molecules involved in various metabolic processes, and their deficiencies and excessive concentrations can trigger significant physiological consequences. The detection of multiple metabolites within a non‐invasively collected biofluid could facilitate early prognosis and diagnosis of severe diseases. Here, a metal oxide heterojunction transistor (HJ‐TFT) sensor is developed for the label‐free, rapid detection of uric acid (UA) and 25(OH)Vitamin‐D3 (Vit‐D3) in human saliva. The HJ‐TFTs utilize a solution‐processed In2O3/ZnO channel functionalized with uricase enzyme and Vit‐D3 antibody for the selective detection of UA and Vit‐D3, respectively. The ultra‐thin tri‐channel architecture facilitates strong coupling between the electrons transported along the buried In2O3/ZnO heterointerface and the electrostatic perturbations caused by the interactions between the surface‐immobilized bioreceptors and target analytes. The biosensors can detect a wide range of concentrations of UA (from 500 nm to 1000 µM) and Vit‐D3 (from 100 pM to 120 nm) in human saliva within 60 s. Moreover, the biosensors exhibit good linearity with the physiological concentration of metabolites and limit of detections of ≈152 nm for UA and ≈7 pM for Vit‐D3 in real saliva. The specificity is demonstrated against various interfering species, including other metabolites and proteins found in saliva, further showcasing its capabilities.
Microwave Speech Recognizer Empowered by a Programmable Metasurface
Authors: Zhang Hongrui , Ruan Hengxin , Zhao Hanting , Wang Zhuo , Hu Shengguo , Cui Tie Jun , del Hougne Philipp , Li Lianlin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSpeech recognition becomes increasingly important in the modern society, especially for human–machine interactions, but its deployment is still severely thwarted by the struggle of machines to recognize voiced commands in challenging real‐life settings: oftentimes, ambient noise drowns the acoustic sound signals, and walls, face masks or other obstacles hide the mouth motion from optical sensors. To address these formidable challenges, an experimental prototype of a microwave speech recognizer empowered by programmable metasurface is presented here that can remotely recognize human voice commands and speaker identities even in noisy environments and if the speaker's mouth is hidden behind a wall or face mask. The programmable metasurface is the pivotal hardware ingredient of the system because its large aperture and huge number of degrees of freedom allows the system to perform a complex sequence of sensing tasks, orchestrated by artificial‐intelligence tools. Relying solely on microwave data, the system avoids visual privacy infringements. The developed microwave speech recognizer can enable privacy‐respecting voice‐commanded human–machine interactions is experimentally demonstrated in many important but to‐date inaccessible application scenarios. The presented strategy will unlock new possibilities and have expectations for future smart homes, ambient‐assisted health monitoring, as well as intelligent surveillance and security.
Unlocking Charge Transfer Limitation in NASICON Structured Na3V2(PO4)3 Cathode via Trace Carbon Incorporation
Authors: Huang Ren , Yan Dong , Zhang Qianyu , Zhang Guowei , Chen Bingbing , Yang Hui Ying , Yu Caiyan , Bai Ying 
Published: February 2024

AbstractNASICON‐type cathode with remarkable ionic conductivity is perspective candidate for fast‐charging sodium‐ion battery. However, severely restricted by low electrical conductivity and poor interfacial kinetics, it usually delivers poor charge transfer kinetics. Different from traditional carbon compositing with high carbon contents, herein, a trace carbon incorporation tactic is proposed based on a typical NASICON‐structured Na3V2(PO4)3. First, particle‐growth process of Na3V2(PO4)3 is regulated via incorporating carbon dot, significantly reducing its particle size to shorten charge diffusion path. Second, electrical conductivity of Na3V2(PO4)3 is improved without sacrificing its high electrochemical activity due to the incorporated trace carbon content (0.76 wt.%). Third, Na3V2(PO4)3‐electrolyte interface structure is optimized by abundant functional groups from the incorporated carbon dot, enabling a thin and stable NaF‐rich CEI layer to boost interface kinetics. As a result, carbon dot endows Na3V2(PO4)3 with ultrastable cyclability up to 20 k cycles (capacity retention of 98.4%) and excellent rate capability (up to 200 C) in half cell, as well as high energy density (368.7 Wh kg−1) and fast charging property (≈110.2 s per charging with 250.8 Wh kg−1 input) in full cell. This study carves a new path for developing fast‐charging cathode, as is increasingly desired for present energy storage applications.