bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of caregiver training in increasing social interaction and contact time with children living in residential care facilities
Authors: Koch Lyndsay , Franzsen Denise 
Published: February 2025

Infants and toddlers living in residential care facilities are at risk of developmental delay. Environmental factors contributing to this risk are the temporal context (how children spend their time) and social context (how and when caregivers interact with the children). this study compared time-use patterns of children living in residential care facilities where caregiver training had previously taken place versus those in facilities where caregiver training had not taken place using a non-experimental, cross-secctional static group comparison study design. Spot observations were used to estimate time-use patterns of infants and toddlers living in residential care facilities in Johannesburg, South Africa.Results show that caregiver training positively changed the quantity of the time that infants spent with their caregivers (temporal context) and the quality of time toddlers spent with their caregivers (social context). Thus caregiver training has the potential to improve the environment in residential care facilities and can be used as an intervention strategy by occupational therapists.
Key words: Residential care facilities, time-use patterns, caregiver training, quantity of time spent caregiving, quality of time spent caregiving
Role of physiotherapy in relieving osteoarthritis knee pain using Lysholm score
Authors: Khatod Garvit , Butala Rajendraprasad Ramesh , Das Sonali 
Published: February 2025

Background: Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent condition that significantly impacts quality of life. While pharmacological interventions are commonly used, non-pharmacological approaches like physiotherapy have gained increasing recognition. In this study, the Lysholm Knee Scoring Scale was used to assess how well physiotherapy worked in reducing knee pain and enhancing functional results for people with OA knee.
Methods: A randomized controlled trial from 1st February 2023 to 31st July 2023 at Department of Orthopaedics, Padmashree Dr. D.Y. Patil Medical College and Hospital, Nerul, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India was conducted with 500 participants diagnosed with knee OA. Participants were randomly assigned to either the physiotherapy group (n=250) or the control group (n=250). The physiotherapy group received a 12-week standardized program consisting of exercise therapy, manual therapy and education. The control group received standard care. The primary outcome was the Lysholm Knee Scoring Scale, assessed at baseline, 12 weeks (post-intervention) and 24 weeks (follow-up). Secondary outcomes included the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), knee range of motion, muscle strength and quality of life.
Results: At baseline, the groups were comparable in terms of age, gender, body mass index and clinical characteristics. The physiotherapy group demonstrated significantly greater improvements in the Lysholm Knee Scoring Scale compared to the control group at 12 weeks (mean difference: 10.2, 95% CI: 7.4, 13.0; p<0.001) and 24 weeks (mean difference: 12.2, 95% CI: 9.2, 15.2; p<0.001). Similar patterns were observed for secondary outcomes, with the physiotherapy group showing significant improvements in WOMAC pain and function, knee range of motion, quadriceps strength and quality of life (all p<0.001).
Conclusions: This study provides evidence that physiotherapy interventions, including exercise therapy, manual therapy and education, are effective in relieving knee pain and improving functional outcomes in individuals with knee osteoarthritis, as measured by the Lysholm Knee Scoring Scale and other relevant clinical measures.
Legitimacy of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic in Late 1918 – Early 1920 and English Intervention in Transcaucasia
Authors: Chshiev T. G. , Savinkina L. A. , Rodionov S. V. 
Published: February 2025

Aim. Determining the political and legal impact of British intervention on the formation of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic..Methodology. A political and legal comparative analysis of the process of constitutioning the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic was carried out.Results. The authors have revealed that the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic took place largely under the influence of foreign interventionists, primarily the British military authorities, who were looking for political support in the Transcaucasian region.Research implications. For the first time in the study of the history of the state and law of Russia, an analysis of the influence of the English intervention on the constitution of anti-communist regimes in Transcaucasia is made on the example of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic. The materials of this article can be used in the educational process within the framework of the subject “History of State and law”.
Investigating the Prevalence of Headache and its Influencing Factors in the Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Hossein Aghamiri Seyed , Erfani Ali , Borji Milad 
Published: February 2025

Background: Headache may be aggravated by factors such as contracting new diseases, taking medications, or being hospitalized. One of the diseases that is effective in causing pain, especially headaches in patients, is the Covid-19 disease. for this reason, this study was conducted with the aim of the prevalence and factors affecting headache in covid-19 patients admitted to the ICU.
Methods: This study is a part of the registry related to covid-19 patients, and the researchers analyzed the data after obtaining the code of ethics in the research. in this study, the tool that was used included a demographic profile form and a checklist for examining pain and its influencing factors in patients admitted to the ICU. data analysis was done using SPSS version 16 software and independent t-tests, ANOVA, linear regression and confirmatory statistics.
Results: Result showed 1114 (78.8%) of the patients reported headache and 300 (21.2%) of the patients had no complaints about headache. regarding the type of pain, it was shown that 341(30.6%) had Pressure type, 360(32.3%) had Tightening type, 335(30.1%) had Throbbing type and 78(7%) had Irritability type. Also, in relation to the duration of pain, it was shown that 228(20.5%) had pain less than 1 hour, 171(15.4%) had pain between one hour and 24 hours and 715(64.2%) had pain more than 24 were hours. Also, 178(16%) of the patients had moderate headache and 936(84%) of the patients had severe headache.
Conclusion: Considering the high prevalence of headache in patients with covid-19 hospitalized in the ICU, it is necessary to take necessary intervention measures to reduce the patient's headache.
Examining Leadership Practices To Promote A Positive Research Culture Of Integrity In Higher Education Institutions
Authors: Lacey Seán , Wilkinson Jennifer J. 
Published: February 2025

What is new?

While Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) have, in recent years, placed greater emphasis on promoting good research practices, it is yet relatively unknown what leadership approaches are best suited to cultivating a positive culture of research integrity (RI) in HEIs. This small-scale exploratory descriptive study therefore sought to uncover initial findings from within the European context on practices research leaders found to be most effective in leading positive change in this space.

What was the approach?

The design was constructed using semi-structured interviews with five senior research leaders. Countries that were members of the European Network of Research Integrity Offices (ENRIO), with HEIs that were members of the European Association of Research Management and Administration (EARMA) were used as part of the sample selection process. With the topic being under-researched and the examination being a small-scale exploratory study, opportunistic and purposive sampling were used to recruit participants.

What is the academic impact?

The overarching leadership style found to promote a positive culture of RI in HEIs was collective, with adaptive and competent boundary spanning characteristics, along with cognisance of the need for continuous professional development. There was agreement among all participants that change in research culture is occurring, and leaders need to adapt to these changes. RI and open research were seen as integral components to promoting good research practices in HEIs.

What is the wider impact?

There are multiple facets to promoting a culture of RI in HEIs, with excellent examples in the literature on both leadership and good research practices. However there is little evidence of which leadership styles create the best conditions for driving a positive culture of RI in HEIs.
Tuning a PI Controller with Deep Q-Learning: A Novel Approach for a Constant Bottom Hole Pressure Control
Authors: Odebrett F. , Sui D. , Gravdal J. E. , Oppelt J. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
To effectively use Managed Pressure Drilling (MPD) and to further advance into a fully automated drilling process, novel control techniques need to be designed. This paper introduces a method for maintaining constant Bottom Hole Pressure (BHP) in MPD by combining a Deep Q-Learning (DQL) agent with a Proportional-Integral (PI) controller. The PI controller is automatically and optimally tuned. The proportional and integral gains of the PI controller are automatically recommended during drilling by a DQL agent which takes drilling parameters as inputs and whose learning process is governed by a pre-defined reward function. The controller is trained and tested with a mature downhole drilling simulator.
A series of simulated drilling scenarios are created by defining several well configurations and various sections within these wells. Each section has a specified drilling window with set pore pressure and fracture pressure specific to the formation, and a setpoint for the bottom hole pressure is defined based on the safe pressure operational window. During drilling, the controller can adjust the choke opening to manage the bottom hole pressure as closely as possible to the given reference pressure. A comparison to a conventional PI controller shows that the developed, hybrid PI controller enhanced by a DQL agent leads to improved results. Within the simulated environments used, it can adjust the BHP precisely to a given reference pressure and prevents the BHP from exceeding the pore pressure or fracture pressure limits. Furthermore, the DQL-tuned PI controller proves its usefulness by relatively ease of implementation within existing MPD systems. The hybrid approach, by continuously tuning the PI controller, optimizes performance in real-time, adapting to the dynamic conditions encountered during drilling operations.
In the presented results, the DQL-tuned PI controller keeps the BHP close to the reference pressure over the whole depth of the test section. The proposed hybrid PI controller uses a novel approach by automatically tuning a PI controller with a DQL agent, demonstrating significant potential for enhancing the efficiency and safety of MPD operations. The innovative approach ensures that the system continuously learns from the dynamic conditions of the drilling environment, gaining insights and improving performance over time. This adaptive capability is crucial for maintaining operational efficiency and safety, particularly in challenging drilling scenarios.
Flow laws for ice constrained by seventy years of laboratory experiments
Authors: Fan Sheng , Wang Ting , Prior David , Breithaupt Thomas , Hager Travis , Wallis David 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Flow laws for ice predict rates of deformation (strain) and are fundamental to modelling glacier and ice-sheet dynamics. Here, we apply Bayesian inference to laboratory measurements accumulated over seventy years to constrain flow laws for ice-sheet modelling. At low strains, commonly used flow laws—derived from individual experimental datasets with narrow stress, temperature, and grain-size ranges—fail to capture the full complexity of ice behaviour. We show that a multicomponent flow law, that sums strain rates from different deformation mechanisms, is needed to capture grain size and temperature sensitivities observed in the full set of experiments from seventy years. This multicomponent flow law is applicable to natural scenarios where the anisotropy of ice is weak or where the deformation kinematics differ from those that formed the crystallographic preferred orientation, making the ice more viscous. Low-strain flow laws, including this multicomponent flow law, have limited validity at high strain, where viscosity evolves and anisotropy develops, making ice less viscous. A single-component, grain-size insensitive flow law gives a reasonable fit to high-strain experimental data and is better suited for modelling the large-scale flow behaviour of ice sheets.
Enhancing Shelf Life and Physiochemical Properties of Ziziphus mauritiana Through Postharvest Treatments
Authors: Bhardwaj Suhani , Sompura Yashwant , Jangra Kirpa Ram 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Ziziphus mauritiana Lam., a highly nutritious fruit, is susceptible to rapid postharvest deterioration, limiting its marketability and availability. This study evaluated the effectiveness of various postharvest treatments, including Aloe vera gel coating, wax coating, and cold storage, in preserving the physiochemical properties and extending the shelf life of Z. mauritiana Lam. The results revealed that Aloe vera gel coating significantly reduced weight loss and retained higher levels of chlorophyll and carotenoids compared to untreated fruits. Wax coating enhanced the fruit's visual appeal and minimized moisture loss, while cold storage effectively maintained freshness and delayed spoilage. The combination of Aloe vera gel coating and cold storage demonstrated the most favorable outcomes, preserving fruit quality and extending shelf life. These findings underscore the potential of integrated postharvest treatments in ensuring the availability, nutritional value, and commercial viability of Z. mauritiana Lam.,.
On the variation of solar terminator for long and short VLF transmitter receiver great circle path over low and equatorial region
Authors: Saharan Suniti , Jana Shreyam , Tripathi Rajat , Sasmal Sudipta , Maurya Ajeet Kumar , Datta Abhirup , Sharma Himani 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

The present study investigates the effect of the solar terminator time (TT) on the low- and equatorial-latitude transmitter-receiver great circle path (TRGCP). Very Low Frequency (VLF) signals from the VTX (18.6 kHz) and NWC (19.8 kHz) transmitters, recorded at the low-latitude Indian station, Dehradun, are utilized. The TRGCP distance from NWC to Dehradun is ~6,962 km (long path), and from VTX to Dehradun is ~2,455 km (short path). The observations suggest that morning terminator time (TTM) forms due to mode transitions at both the receiver and transmitter for the short path. Monthly variations in TT show transitions in TTM and Terminator Time Evening (TTE), dominating during the equinoxes. The TTM for the NWC and VTX paths demonstrates a dependency on the transmitter during summer and the receiver during winter. A correlation between local time and TTM and TTE is estimated for both the NWC and VTX transmitter-receiver paths. Specifically, for the NWC path, the correlation with the receiver's local time during TTM and TTE is 0.5 and 0.7, respectively, while the correlation with the local time of NWC during TTM and TTE is 0.5 and 0.7, respectively, for morning and evening. A similar correlation pattern was observed for the VTX path at the receiver location (TTM: r = 0.8, TTE: r = 0.7) and at the transmitter location (TTM: r = 0.8, TTE: r = 0.7), respectively, during morning and evening. To simulate the signal amplitude and the variation of the TTM and TTE, the Long Wavelength Propagation Capability (LWPC) program was employed. A significant correlation was observed between the observed and simulated signals, indicating a strong agreement between the model and the observed data.
Transfer learning electronic structure: millielectron-volt accuracy for sub-million-atom moiré semiconductor
Authors: Zhang Yang , Bao Ting , Mao Ning , Duan Wenhui , Xu Yong , Maestro Adrian Del 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

The integration of density functional theory (DFT) with machine learning enables efficient ab initio electronic structure calculations for ultra-large systems. In this work, we develop a transfer learning framework tailored for long-wavelength moir ́e systems. To balance efficiency and accuracy, we adopt a two-step transfer learning strategy: (1) the model is pre-trained on a large dataset of computationally inexpensive non-twisted structures until convergence, and (2) the network is then fine-tuned using a small set of computationally expensive twisted structures. Applying this method to twisted MoTe2, the neural network model generates the resulting Hamiltonian for a 1000-atom system in 200 seconds, achieving a mean absolute error below 0.1 meV. To demonstrate O(N) scalability, we model nanoribbon systems with up to 0.25 million atoms (∼ 9 million orbitals), accu- rately capturing edge states consistent with predicted Chern numbers. This approach addresses the challenges of accuracy, efficiency, and scalability, offering a viable alternative to conventional DFT and enabling the exploration of electronic topology in large scale moir ́e systems towards simulating realistic device architectures.
Neural circuit plasticity transforms infant neglect into maternal care
Authors: Froemke Robert , Bair-Marshall Chloe , Cassel Naomi , Agha Ayat , Bkhiet Malak 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Infants in distress evoke strong emotional responses in adults, which help to elicit caretaking behaviors from parents to ensure infant needs are met1–3. However, neonatal care can also be challenging, and interactions with infants can lead to stress and negative affect even in potential caregivers4–7. Child neglect and maltreatment rates in human populations make it important to understand the neural mechanisms of regulating negative emotions and stress in the parental brain8–10. Here we show how rapid plasticity in female mouse central amygdala (CeA) transforms infant aversion into attentiveness after initial pup experience. Projections from CeA to locus coeruleus (CeA→LC) were strongly activated upon initial pup contact leading to pup aversion. CeA→LC pup responses were reduced with parental experience and down-regulating CeA→LC activity led to less aversion. Oxytocin signaling in central amygdala was required to switch pup aversion to attention, inducing rapid long-term depression of excitatory inputs onto projection neurons. CeA→LC projectors released the stress hormone corticotropin-releasing factor onto LC neurons, modulating phasic firing to regulate attention. This circuit organization enables local CeA computations of pup valence to be broadcast throughout the brain by the LC central arousal system, leading to appropriate pup-directed behaviors depending on adult state.
An Equivariant Pretrained Transformer for Unified 3D Molecular Representation Learning
Authors: Huang Wenbing , Jiao Rui , Kong Xiangzhe , Zhang Li , Yu Ziyang , Ren Fangyuan , Tan Wenjuan , Liu Yang 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Pretraining on a large number of unlabeled 3D molecules has showcased superiority in various scientific applications. However, prior efforts typically focus on pretraining models in a specific domain, either proteins or small molecules, missing the opportunity to leverage cross-domain knowledge. To mitigate this gap, we introduce Equivariant Pretrained Transformer (EPT), an all-atom foundation model that can be pre-trained from multiple domain 3D molecules. Built upon an E(3)-equivariant transformer, EPT is able to not only process atom-level information but also incorporate block-level features (e.g. residuals in proteins) , and it can be effectively pretrained based on a block-level denoising task. To pretrain EPT, we first construct a large-scale dataset of 5.89M entries, comprising small molecules, proteins, protein-protein complexes, and protein-molecule complexes. Experimental evaluations on downstream tasks including ligand binding affinity prediction, protein property prediction, and molecular property prediction, show that EPT significantly outperforms previous state-of-the-art methods in the first task and achieves competitively superior performance for the remaining two tasks. Furthermore, we demonstrate the potential of EPT in identifying small molecule drug candidates targeting 3CL protease, a critical target in the replication of SARS-CoV-2. Among 1,978 FDA-approved drugs, EPT ranks 7 out of 8 known anti-COVID-19 drugs in the top 200, indicating the high recall of EPT. By using Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations, EPT further discoveries 7 novel compounds whose binding affinities are higher than that of the top-ranked known anti-COVID-19 drug, showcasing its powerful capabilities in drug discovery.
In-Silico Identification and Evaluation of Diosgenin as a Promising Phytomedicine Targeting MHC-I for Cancer Therapy
Authors: Jasrotia Shailja , Verma* Awadhesh Kumar , Singh Tanya , Sheoran Sumit , Arora Swati , Singh Reena , Chopra Chirag , Kumar* Anupam 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Immunotherapeutic strategies targeting MHC-I have gained significant attention for combating cancer, a leading global health. However, the emergence of therapeutic resistance and the manifestation of adverse concerneffects associated with conventional treatment modalities underscore the imperative for innovative therapeutic strategies. In the current study, we conducted an “in silico”investigation to identify potential phytomedicines for cancer treatment targeting MHC-I (3AM8). Using AutodockTools software, 408 natural secondary polyphenols were screened against MHC-I, with Diosgenin exhibiting the highest affinity for binding (−8.93 Kcal/mol). Pharmacokinetic profiling of the highest-ranking ligands elucidated their suitability for subsequent development and optimization. Molecular dynamics simulations, conducted using the Desmond software suite, demonstrated pronounced stability of the Diosgenin-MHC-I complex throughout a 100-ns trajectory. Our findings suggest that Diosgenin holds significant promise as a candidate for cancer therapeutics; however, further verifications by use of extensive “in vitro” and “in vivo”research is warranted to substantiate its validity and therapeutic potential. This study highlights the potential of Diosgenin in upcoming trial regimens and advances the choices for treating cancer.
Epoxy functionalized small particle size superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for CD4+T cell sorting
Authors: Zhou Yiyang , Dong Wei 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Iron oxide nanoparticles have gained increasing attention in various biomedical and industrial sectors due to their physicochemical and magnetic properties. In this study, superparamagnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles with small particle size were synthesized by co-precipitation method, coated with dextran, and modified by epoxy functional groups with 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether. The prepared composites was characterized by transmission electron microscopy, thermogravimetry, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction,and vibrating sample magnetometry. The rat serum albumin protein(rSA) was then coupled to the epoxide group on the nanoparticle and the ability of the epoxide functional group to conjugate the Protein was tested by BCA Protein Assay Kit. At the same time, we used CD4 antibody coupled with epoxy group on the nanoparticles to detect the sorting ability of T cells by flow cytometry. This work shows that our epoxy-modified iron oxide nanoparticles have excellent potential applications in biology.