bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is failure to provide venous thromboprophylaxis negligent?
Authors: Scurr J R H , Scurr J H 
Published: August 2007

Objectives: To report the outcome of 100 consecutive medicolegal claims referred to one of the authors (1990–2003) following the development of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in surgical patients. Methods: A retrospective analysis of the experience of a vascular surgeon acting as an expert witness in the United Kingdom. Results: Prophylaxis had been provided to 43 claimants with risk factors, who, unfortunately, still developed a VTE and alleged negligence. Twenty-nine claims involved patients who had not received prophylaxis because they were at low risk. In 25/28 claims where no prophylaxis was provided, despite identifiable VTE risk factors, the claim was successful. Claimants who developed a VTE that had been managed incorrectly were successful whether they had received prophylaxis or not. Settlement amounts, where disclosed, are reported. Conclusions: Failure to perform a risk assessment and to provide appropriate venous thromboprophylaxis in surgical patients is considered negligent. Clinicians looking after all hospitalized patients who are not assessing their patients' risk for VTE and/or not providing appropriate prophylaxis are at risk of being accused of negligence.
Programme for detecting chronic venous insufficiency in Belgium
Authors: Schoevaerdts J-C , Staelens I 
Published: August 2007

Objective: Epidemiological study related to the detection of chronic venous disease (CVD) in a Belgian population and gathering of a maximum amount of epidemiological data on CVD. Method: Survey based on a questionnaire completed by a general practitioner during consultation. Results: In total 3813 files of patients with CVD were completed and analysed. Of these patients suffering from CVD, 70% were women with a mean body mass index of 26.2 and a clinical, aetiological, anatomical and pathological elements classification as follows: C0 = 14; 10%; C1 = 14; 19%; C2 = 14; 29%; C3 = 14; 19%; C4 = 14; 16%; C5 = 14; 4%; C6 = 14; 3%. Risk factors, clinical signs, complications and therapeutic approach are analysed and described. Conclusion: High level of statistically analysable data could be obtained within a reasonable period. The study confirms the socioeconomic importance of CVD. For example, an industrial disablement of an average duration of 23.6 days is found in 6% of patients.
Thromboembolic Events During Continuous Vasopressin Infusions: A Retrospective Evaluation
Authors: Doepker Bruce A , Lucarelli Maria R , Lehman Amy , Shirk Mary Beth 
Published: August 2007

Background: Published guidelines suggest that vasopressin has a role in shock treatment, although its safety has not been adequately evaluated in a clinical setting. Vasopressin causes platelet aggregation and has been associated with the release of factor VIII coagulant and von Willebrand factor. Objective: To compare the incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients with a diagnosis of shock who received vasopressin with those who did not receive vasopressin for hemodynamic support. Methods: A retrospective, single-center, cohort study was conducted at an academic, tertiary care center with 350 patients with a diagnosis of shock. Patients from the intensive care unit were randomly selected and separated into 2 groups for comparison of those receiving only catecholamines with those receiving vasopressin with or without catecholamines for hypotension. Patients with diabetes insipidus or variceal hemorrhage and those with any documented history of VTE were excluded. The primary outcome, VTE occurrence, was defined as a positive Doppler ultrasound, spiral computed tomography, or documented diagnosis in the discharge records. Frequency and type of risk factors for VTE were compared between the 2 study arms. A risk factor modeling approach was performed, using logistic regression to identify potential confounders and effect modifiers in the relationship between vasopressin and VTE. Results: There were 175 patients in each arm of the study. The crude incidence of VTE was 7.4% and 8% in the vasopressin and catecholamine groups, respectively (p = 0.84). No significant difference in the incidence of deep venous thrombosis (vasopressin 5.1%, control 7.4%; p = 0.51) or pulmonary embolism (vasopressin 2.3%, control 0.6%; p = 0.37) was found between groups. After adjusting for covariates, there was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of VTE between the 2 arms (p = 0.72). Conclusions: This investigation provides initial evidence that vasopressin infusions do not increase the risk of VTE in patients with shock.
Synthesis of light-colored rosin glycerol ester
Authors: Wang Shifa 
Published: August 2007

Abstract
A light-colored rosin glycerol ester was synthesized from gum rosin and glycerol in the presence of a highly effective decolorizing agent. The effects of the type and dosage of the decolorizing agent and the reaction temperature and time on the yield, softening point, color, and acid number of the rosin glycerol ester were investigated. Experimental results showed that 4,4′-thio-bis(6-tert-butyl-3-methyl phenol) was the best decolorizing agent. It promoted esterification at an optimal dosage of 0.5% (based on the weight percentage of starting material rosin). Suitable conditions for esterification of rosin and glycerol were: reaction temperature, 260–270°C; reaction time, 6–8 h; and rosin/glycerol molar ratio, 2.5:1 (mol mol-1). The characteristics of the rosin glycerol ester obtained under these conditions were as follows: softening point, 90–94°C (ball and ring method); color, 1–2 (Gardner value); acid number, 7–8; and yield, >88% (based on the total weight of rosin and glycerol). The selected additive has a multifunctional effect involving bleaching, disproportionation, and catalysis.
Study of the phenolic compounds formed during pretreatment of sugarcane bagasse by wet oxidation and steam explosion
Authors: Martín Carlos , Klinke Helene B. , Marcet Marcelo , García Luis , Hernández Ena , Thomsen Anne Belinda 
Published: August 2007

Abstract
The formation of phenolic compounds during pretreatment of sugarcane bagasse was investigated. Bagasse was pretreated by wet oxidation (WO) at 195°C during 15 min under either alkaline or acidic conditions and by steam explosion (STEX) at 205°C during 10 min. The total content of phenolic compounds in the prehydrolysates was determined spectrophotometrically. Under acidic and alkaline WO conditions, 3.8% (w/w) and 3% phenols were found, respectively. STEX gave rise to 1.9% phenols. Individual phenols were identified by GC-MS. Phenylpropanoid derivatives, such as p-coumaric and ferulic acids, accounted for more than 50% of the phenols identified in STEX prehydrolysates. In WO prehydrolysates, on the other hand, phenols lacking the propanoid side chain were predominant. Of the latter, p-hydroxybenzaldehyde was the most abundant phenol, with concentrations of 0.27% (acidic conditions) and 0.15% (alkaline conditions). As expected, high concentrations of oxidised compounds were generally observed in WO prehydrolysates, such as carboxylic acids, aldehydes and ketones. This is a true reflection of the oxidative conditions during WO pretreatment.
Relationships Among Impairments in Lower-Extremity Strength and Power, Functional Limitations, and Disability in Older Adults
Authors: Puthoff Michael L , Nielsen David H 
Published: August 2007

Background and Purpose
During the aging process, older adults may experience a loss of strength and power, which then may lead to functional limitations and disability. The purpose of this study was to examine how impairments in lower-extremity strength and power are related to functional limitations and disability in community-dwelling older adults.

Subjects
Thirty older adults (age [X̅±SD], 77.3±7.0 years; 25 women and 5 men) with mild to moderate functional limitations participated in this study.

Methods
Lower-extremity strength, peak power, power at a low relative intensity, and power at a high relative intensity were measured with a pneumatic resistance leg press. Functional limitations and disability were assessed with the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), the Six-Minute Walk Test (SMWT), and the Late Life Function and Disability Instrument (LLFDI).

Results
All measures of strength and power were related to functional limitations. Peak power demonstrated the strongest relationships with SMWT, the SPPB gait speed subscale, and the LLFDI functional limitation component. Power at a high relative intensity demonstrated the strongest relationships to the SPPB total score and the SPPB sit-to-stand subscale score. All measures of strength and power were indirectly related to the LLFDI disability component.

Discussion and Conclusion
Older adults should focus on increasing and maintaining lower-extremity strength and power across a range of intensities in order to decrease functional limitations and disability.
Physical Function in Men With Prostate Cancer on Androgen Deprivation Therapy
Authors: Clay Cheryl A , Perera Subashan , Wagner Julie M , Miller Megan E , Nelson Joel B , Greenspan Susan L 
Published: August 2007

Background and Purpose
Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) has become an increasingly standard intervention for both early and advanced stages of prostate cancer; however, decreased physical function and hypogonadism have been reported in men receiving ADT. The objectives of this study were: (1) to determine whether ADT (and hypogonadism) resulted in decreased strength and mobility and (2) to examine the effect of ADT on an associated test of cognitive and motor function by assessing visuomotor performance.

Subjects and Methods
Physical function, walking speed, visuomotor performance, gonadal status, body composition, and Comorbidity Disease Index (CMDI) scores were assessed in a cohort of 100 participants that included: (1) men with prostate cancer who were not on ADT, (2) men with prostate cancer who were on short-term ADT (&lt;6 months), (3) men with prostate cancer who were on long-term ADT (≥6 months), and (4) control subjects who did not have prostate cancer.

Results
Walking speed varied significantly across the 4 groups, even after adjusting for age, CMDI, and percentage of body fat. Age and CMDI were significantly associated with measurements of physical performance. Adjusted for covariates, men on long-term ADT walked 0.18 m/s slower than the control subjects. Physical function also varied significantly across the 4 groups. Androgen deprivation therapy did not have a significant effect on visuomotor performance.

Discussion and Conclusion
The results suggest that ADT has a significant effect on walking speed and physical performance in men with prostate cancer.
Impairment in attentional processing in a field survival environment
Authors: Leach John , Ansell Louise 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe suggestion that maladaptive behaviour often observed in survival incidents may be due to a restriction in attentional processing was tested using sub‐components of the Test of Everyday Attention in participants undergoing a field survival exercise. Compared to a baseline condition and control group those undergoing environmental duress showed significant impairment in selective and sustained attention which taken together suggests dysfunction in controlled attention. No impairment was found in either attentional switching or auditory‐verbal working memory. It is argued that this type of cognitive impairment makes flexible interaction with the survival environment difficult and the victim's behaviour becomes dominated by environmental cues at the expense of wilful, goal‐directed survival behaviour. This would begin to answer at least one anomaly that exists in survivorship: why so many people perish when there is no need. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
H∞compensation of external vibration impact on servo performance of hard disk drives in mobile applications
Authors: Du C. , Ge S. S. , Lewis F. L. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractH∞compensation for external vibration impact on the positioning accuracy of hard disk drives is considered in this paper. A feedforward controller is designed to attenuate the impact with the aid of a sensor to detect external vibrations. Loop shaping in frequency domain andH∞method in state space are used to design the feedforward controller. The linear matrix inequality approach is adopted for solving theH∞feedforward control design problem. The application results in a 1.8‐in disk drive with an accelerometer to measure acceleration signal show that 97% reduction of the position error signal is achieved with the feedforward control designed by theH∞method. The effectiveness of the two methods is also evaluated and compared when external vibration model is subjected to gain variations. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Solubility of polyhydroxyalkanoates by experiment and thermodynamic correlations
Authors: Jacquel Nicolas , Lo Chi‐Wei , Wu Ho‐Shing , Wei Yu‐Hong , Wang Shaw S. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThis article presents and develops the thermodynamic correlation model to obtain the solubility of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) in solvents. This model offers a new way to evaluate the polymer solubility parameters and regressions between experimental solubility and solubility parameters. Important parameters influencing solubility such as temperature, polymer molecular weight, crystallinity, and the kind of PHAs were studied. Experiments were carried out on PHB‐co‐Hx copolymers of different contents. Finally, a model which takes into account these parameters were established and tested on 232 experimental points. The method developed could be used for the selection of a solvent with high efficiency, low price, and low toxicity. © 2007 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2007
Evaluating the Michigan SENSOR Surveillance Program for work‐related asthma
Authors: Reed Philip L. , Rosenman Kenneth , Gardiner Joseph , Reeves Mathew , Reilly Mary Jo 
Published: August 2007

AbstractBackgroundMost Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) inspections are based on employee complaints or targeting of industry groupings. Limited use has been made of illness data to target inspections and evaluation of such targeting is even more limited.MethodsThis study compared 545 Michigan OSHA (MIOSHA) inspections performed as follow up to reports of work‐related asthma (WRA) with 12,268 non‐disease initiated OSHA inspections performed during the same time period (1989–2002).ResultsSENSOR asthma inspections were more likely to be conducted in larger, unionized employers. Although the likelihood of citations (∼50%), type of citation, and monetary penalties (∼30%) were not different between disease and non‐disease initiated inspections, the number of citations and amount of monetary penalties were less in disease initiated inspections. Citations and penalties were more likely for small as compared to large employers, and were less likely at unionized worksites.ConclusionsEven without the availability of specific standards for agents that cause WRA, inspections triggered by a WRA index case are very much like other inspected worksites in terms of the prevalence of violations observed at the worksite. The advisability of making referrals to OSHA and additional ways to evaluate the effectiveness of this type of intervention model are discussed. Am. J. Ind. Med. 50:646–656, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Identification of Inhibitors for Mycobacterial Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase B (MptpB) by Biology‐Oriented Synthesis (BIOS)
Authors: Corrêa Ivan R. , Nören‐Müller Andrea , Ambrosi Horst‐Dieter , Jakupovic Sven , Saxena Krishna , Schwalbe Harald , Kaiser Markus , Waldmann Herbert 
Published: August 2007

AbstractProtein phosphatases have recently emerged as important targets for research in chemical biology and medicinal chemistry, and new classes of phosphatase inhibitors are in high demand. BIOS (biology‐oriented synthesis) employs the criteria of relevance to nature and biological prevalidation for the design and synthesis of compound collections. In an application of the BIOS principle, an efficient solid‐phase synthesis of highly substituted indolo[2,3‐a]quinolizidines by using a vinylogous Mannich–Michael reaction in combination with phosgene‐ or acid‐mediated ring closure was developed. Screening of this library for phosphatase inhibitors yielded a new inhibitor class for the Mycobacterium tuberculosis phosphatase MptpB.
Reduction in mean residual life in the presence of a constant competing risk
Authors: Bebbington Mark , Lai Chin‐Diew , Zitikis Ričardas 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe addition of a constant ‘competing risk’ corresponding to an additional, usually less significant, source of failure, frequently improves the fit in reliability and survival analysis. This is often termed a ‘lift’, as the effect is to increase the hazard rate (HR) function by a constant, which does not, of course, change the shape and hence the turning points of the HR function. However, lifting the HR function does not, in general, mean lowering the corresponding mean residual life (MRL) function by a constant, and so the MRL turning points, unlike those of the HR function are not invariant. The MRL turning points are used in, for example, defining burn‐in procedures in reliability engineering, and determining premiums in insurance. Hence, it is of interest to examine the changes in the shape of the MRL function, and in the locations of its turning points, resulting from a lift in the HR function. We discuss these problems in detail, with reference to a number of common distributions in reliability and mortality modeling. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
EDOTn and MIM, new peptide backbone protecting groups
Authors: Isidro‐Llobet Albert , Just‐Baringo Xavier , Álvarez Mercedes , Albericio Fernando 
Published: August 2007

AbstractIn recent years, backbone protection has allowed the synthesis of complex peptidic sequences of high interest by preventing chain aggregation and aspartimides formation. Nevertheless, the backbone protectors currently used have some drawbacks: they are difficult to remove and show high steric hindrance. The new backbone protectors presented in this study (EDOTn and MIM) represent an improvement in both aspects. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 90: 444–449, 2008.This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley. com
Elution mechanism of polypeptides in reversed‐phase liquid chromatography based on the critical threshold of organic solvent to induce abrupt change in adsorption capacity to the column packing
Authors: Goda Ryoya , Sudo Kenichi 
Published: August 2007

AbstractAdsorption capacity of polypeptides to the column packing in a solution containing multiple organic solvents was found to be expressed by means of an fn value, which is the sum of the ratios of the content of each organic solvent in the solution to the critical content of each organic solvent to cause abrupt change in the adsorption capacity, and to change abruptly at the point where the fn value becomes 1. Additionally, our results indicate that each polypeptide is eluted by the eluent containing a specific organic solvent content regardless of gradient elution rate in reversed‐phase liquid chromatography, and that total organic solvent content in the eluent containing polypeptides is equal to the critical content. Considering the power law relationship between the retention times and the gradient elution rates, our results suggest that the elution of each polypeptide in reversed‐phase liquid chromatography is mainly controlled by abrupt change in the adsorption capacity induced by change in the organic solvent content of the eluent during a gradient elution process, and that the abrupt change repeats across the critical threshold while a polypeptide moves through the column, and as a result, each polypeptide is concentrated in the eluent with the critical threshold. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Inclusion Complexation of Diquat and Paraquat by the Hosts Cucurbit[7]uril and Cucurbit[8]uril
Authors: Ling Yonghua , Mague Joel T. , Kaifer Angel E. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe binding interactions in aqueous solution between the dicationic guest diquat (DQ2+) and the cucurbit[7]uril (CB7) and cucurbit[8]uril (CB8) hosts were investigated by 1H NMR, UV/Vis, and fluorescence spectroscopy; mass spectrometry; single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction; and electrochemical techniques. The binding data were compared with previously reported results for the related paraquat guest (PQ2+). DQ2+ was found to bind poorly (K=350 m−1) inside CB7 and more effectively (K=4.8×104 m−1) inside CB8. One‐electron reduction led to increased binding affinity with both hosts (Kr=1×104 m−1 with CB7 and Kr=6×105 m−1 for CB8). While 1H NMR spectroscopic data revealed that DQ2+ is not fully included by CB7, the crystal structure of the CB8⋅DQ2+ complex—obtained from single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction—clearly establishes its inclusion nature. Overall, both diquat and its one‐electron reduced radical cation are bound more effectively by CB8 than by CB7. In contrast to this, paraquat exhibits selectivity for CB7, but its radical cation forms a highly stable dimer inside CB8. These differences highlight the pronounced sensitivity of cucurbit[n]uril hosts to guest features such as charge, charge distribution and shape.
Biomimetic Hydrocarbon Oxidation Catalyzed by Nonheme Iron(III) Complexes with Peracids: Evidence for an FeVO Species
Authors: Lee Sun Hwa , Han Jung Hee , Kwak Han , Lee Sung Jea , Lee Eun Yong , Kim Hee Jin , Lee Jung Hwan , Bae Cheolbeom , Lee Soo No , Kim Youngmee , Kim Cheal 
Published: August 2007

AbstractMononuclear nonheme iron(III) complexes of tetradentate ligands containing two deprotonated amide moieties, [Fe(Me2bpb)Cl(H2O)] (3 a) and [Fe(bpc)Cl(H2O)] (4 a), were prepared by substitution reactions involving the previously synthesized iron(III) complexes [Et3NH][Fe(Me2bpb)Cl2] (3) and [Et3NH][Fe(bpc)Cl2] (4). Complexes 3 a and 4 a were characterized by IR and elemental analysis, and complex 3 a also by X‐ray crystallography. Nonheme iron(III) complexes 3, 3 a, 4, and 4 a catalyze olefin epoxidation and alcohol oxidation on treatment with m‐chloroperbenzoic acid. Pairwise comparisons of the reactivity of these complexes revealed that the nature of the axial ligand (Cl− versus H2O) influences the yield of oxidation products, whereas an electronic change in the supporting chelate ligand has little effect. Hydrocarbon oxidation by these catalysts was proposed to involve an iron(V) oxo species which is formed on heterolytic OO bond cleavage of an iron acylperoxo intermediate (FeOOC(O)R). Evidence for this iron(V) oxo species was derived from KIE (kH/kD) values, H218O exchange experiments, and the use of peroxyphenylacetic acid (PPAA) as the peracid. Our results suggest that an FeVO moiety can form in a system wherein the supporting chelate ligand comprises a mixture of neutral and anionic nitrogen donors. This work is relevant to the chemistry of mononuclear nonheme iron enzymes that are proposed to oxidize organic substrates via reaction pathways involving high‐valent iron oxo species.
Structural, Electrical and Magnetic Properties of Sb‐Doped Pr2/3Ba1/3MnO3 Perovskite Manganites.
Authors: Sen Vikram , Panwar Neeraj , Bhalla G. L. , Agarwal S. K. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Conductivity of SrTiO3 Based Oxides in the Reducing Atmosphere at High Temperature.
Authors: Hashimoto S. , Poulsen F. W. , Mogensen M. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.