bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevention of Graft-Versus-Host Disease by Intra-Bone Marrow Injection of Donor T Cells
Authors: Fukui Junichi , Inaba Muneo , Ueda Yusuke , Miyake Takashi , Hosaka Naoki , Kwon A-Hon , Sakaguchi Yutaku , Tsuda Masanobu , Omae Mariko , Kamiyama Yasuo , Ikehara Susumu 
Published: April 2007

Abstract
We have recently found that intra-bone marrow-bone marrow transplantation (IBM-BMT) can be used to prevent graft-versus-host disease (GvHD), even when intensive donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) is carried out. In the present study, in conjunction with IBM-BMT, allogeneic splenic T cells as DLI were also injected into the bone marrow cavity of lethally irradiated (8.5 Gy) recipients. The extent of GvHD was compared with that of recipients that had received allogeneic IBM-BMT plus i.v. injection of allogeneic T cells (intravenous DLI [IV-DLI]). GvHD in recipients treated with allogeneic IBM-BMT plus IBM-DLI was far milder than in those treated with allogeneic IBM-BMT plus IV-DLI. This was confirmed macroscopically and histopathologically. The frequency of regulatory T cells (Tregs) detected as CD4+CD25+ and CD4+Foxp3+ cells was significantly higher in recipients treated with IBM-BMT plus IBM-DLI than in those treated with IBM-BMT plus IV-DLI. Donor-derived helper T (Th) cells polarized to Th2 type in recipients treated with IBM-BMT plus IBM-DLI, whereas Th1 cells were dominant in recipients treated with IBM-BMT plus IV-DLI. Furthermore, the production of transforming growth factor-β and hepatocyte growth factor from bone marrow stromal cells was enhanced after IBM-DLI. Thus, IBM-BMT plus IBM-DLI seem to preferentially induce Tregs and Th2, resulting in the prevention of GvHD.
Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
Expression of Tie-2 and Other Receptors for Endothelial Growth Factors in Acute Myeloid Leukemias Is Associated with Monocytic Features of Leukemic Blasts
Authors: Riccioni Roberta , Diverio Daniela , Mariani Gualtiero , Buffolino Sonia , Riti Viviana , Saulle Ernestina , Petrucci Eleonora , Cedrone Michele , Lo-Coco Francesco , Foà Robin , Peschle Cesare , Testa Ugo 
Published: April 2007

Abstract
We investigated the expression of Tie-2 in primary blasts from 111 patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) to evaluate a possible linkage between the expression of this receptor and the immunophenotypic and biologic properties of leukemic blasts. Tie-2 was expressed at moderate and high levels in 39 and 23 of 111 AMLs, respectively. The analysis of the immunophenotype clearly showed that Tie-2 expression in AML was associated with monocytic features. Interestingly, Tie-2 expression on AML blasts was associated with concomitant expression of other receptors for endothelial growth factors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 (VEGF-R1), -R2, and -R3. Tie-2+ AMLs were characterized by high blast cell counts at diagnosis, a high frequency of Flt3 mutations, and increased Flt3 expression. The survival of Tie-2+ AMLs is sustained through an autocrine pattern involving Angiopoietin-1 and Tie-2, as suggested by experiments showing induction of apoptosis in Tie-2+ AMLs by agents preventing the binding of angiopoietins to Tie-2. Finally, the in vitro growth of Tie-2+ AMLs in endothelial culture medium supplemented with VEGF and angiopoietins resulted in their partial endothelial differentiation. These observations suggest that Tie-2+ AMLs pertain to a mixed monocytic/endothelial lineage, derived from the malignant transformation of the normal counterpart represented by monocytic cells expressing endothelial markers. The autocrine angiopoietin/Tie-2 axis may represent a promising therapeutic target to improve the outcome of patients with monocytic AML.
Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
Building as Refined Object: The Architecture of Antonio Citterio
Authors: Brandolini Sebastiano 
Published: April 2007

AbstractSebastiano Brandolini describes the work of Antonio Citterio who, despite a low‐key personal presence on the Italian architectural scene and an architecture of quiet restraint, has gained an enviable international reputation for his elegant and ‘impeccably well‐made’ buildings. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Kaleidoscope
Authors: Melvin Jeremy 
Published: April 2007

AbstractKaleidoscope ‐ Lewisham Children and Young People's Centre brings together 23 health, social and educational services under a single roof in southeast London. Jeremy Melvin describes how van Heyningen and Haward Architects, after winning a high‐profile CABE competition, rose to the bureaucratic and architectural challenges of the project. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and Lasing Properties of Highly Ordered CdS Nanowire Arrays
Authors: Cao B. L. , Jiang Y. , Wang C. , Wang W. H. , Wang L. Z. , Niu M. , Zhang W. J. , Li Y. Q. , Lee S. T. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractHighly ordered large‐area arrays of wurtzite CdS nanowires are synthesized on Cd‐foil substrates via a simple liquid reaction route using thiosemicarbazide and Cd foil as the starting materials. The CdS nanowires are single crystals growing along the [001] direction and are perpendicular to the surface of the substrate. The characteristic Raman peaks of CdS are red‐shifted and show asymmetric broadening, which is ascribed to phonon confinement effects arising from the nanoscale dimensions of the nanowires. Significantly, the uniform CdS nanowire arrays can act as laser cavities in the visible‐light range, leading to bandgap lasing at ca. 515 nm with obvious modes. The high density of nuclei and the preferential growth direction induce the formation of aligned CdS nanowires on the metal substrate.
Intraparticle diffusion of 1‐phenyl‐1, 2‐ethanediol in layered double hydroxides
Authors: Liu Xiaolei , Wei Min , Li Feng , Duan Xue 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe enantioselective adsorption of racemic 1‐phenyl‐1,2‐ethanediol (PED) by carboxymethyl‐β‐cyclodextrin‐intercalated Zn–Al‐ layered double hydroxides (CMCD‐LDHs) has been studied. The adsorption isotherms of enantioselective as well as nonenantioselective adsorption of PED by CMCD‐LDHs have been investigated, and it was found that the Langmuir–Frendlich and Frendlich model can be respectively used to describe the two different adsorptions satisfactorily. Furthermore, the intraparticle diffusion model is successfully validated in this work. Intraparticle effective diffusivities (Deff) of PED in CMCD‐LDHs macroparticle were determined from the homogeneous Fickian diffusion model, increasing with the increase of PED bulk phase concentration (C0), which indicates the existence of parallel diffusion (crystallites diffusion and pore diffusion). The crystallites diffusivity (Dc) and pore diffusivity (Dp) for the parallel diffusion model were determined from the intercept and slope of the plot of Deff(1+1/α) vs. 1/α, respectively. © 2007 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2007
Neurophysiological evidence of methylmercury neurotoxicity
Authors: Murata Katsuyuki , Grandjean Philippe , Dakeishi Miwako 
Published: April 2007

AbstractBackgroundA variety of neurophysiological measures are useful in hospital settings for diagnostic and other clinical purposes. Previously, abnormal changes in various sensory evoked potentials (EPs), and heart rate variability (HRV) were observed in patients with acquired and fetal Minamata disease (MD; methylmercury poisoning). In recent years, some of these methods have been used for the risk assessment of low‐level methylmercury exposure in asymptomatic children. The objectives of this article were to present an overview of neurophysiological findings involved in methylmercury neurotoxicity and to examine the usefulness of those measures.MethodsThe reports addressing both neurophysiological measures and methylmercury exposure in humans were identified and evaluated.ResultsThe neurological signs and symptoms of MD included paresthesias, constriction of visual fields, impairment of hearing and speech, mental disturbances, excessive sweating, and hypersalivation. Neuropathological lesions involved visual, auditory, and post‐ and pre‐central cortex areas. Neurophysiological changes involved in methylmercury, as assessed by EPs and HRV, were found to be in accordance with both clinical and neuropathological observations in patients with MD.ConclusionsEPs and HRV appear to be useful and objective methods for assessing methylmercury neurotoxicity. However, subtle changes due to low‐level methylmercury exposure may not necessarily be of clinical relevance, and interpretation of small deviations from expectations must be cautious. Am. J. Ind. Med. 50:765–771, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Occupational implications of the chlorofluorocarbon ban in Sweden
Authors: Olander Lars , Colmsjö Anders , Holmberg Bo , Krantz Staffan , Landström Ulf 
Published: April 2007

AbstractLimitations on the use of full halogenated chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) may create occupational environmental problems. These are currently largely unknown, because the toxicology of most CFC substitutes is unknown. Therefore, toxicity testing of CFC substitutes is necessary, and this can best be done before their use commences. Destruction of CFC and materials containing CFC could generate new chemical compounds, especially during incineration. In addition, problems with higher noise and vibration levels may occur when CFC substitutes are employed, and we should keep in mind that occupational environment problems could also develop when new routines are introduced for transporting, storing, and handling new materials.
Silicosis and lung cancer in north Carolina dusty trades workers
Authors: Amandus H. E. , Shy C. , Wing S. , Blair A. , Heineman E. F. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractSince 1940, 760 cases of silicosis have been diagnosed as part of the State of North Carolina's (NC) pneumoconiosis surveillance program for dusty trades workers. Vital status was ascertained through 1983 for 714 cases that had been diagnosed since 1940 and death certificates were obtained for 546 of the 550 deceased.Mortality from tuberculosis, cancer of the intestine and lung, pneumonia, bronchitis, eMPHysema, asthma, pneumoconiosis, and kidney disease was significantly increased in whites. Mortality from tuberculosis, ischemic heart disease, and pneumoconiosis was significantly increased in non‐whites. The standardized mortality ratio (95% CI) for lung cancer based on U.S. rates was 2.6 (1.8–3.6) in whites, 2.3 (1.5–3.4) in those who had no exposure to other known occupational carcinogens, and 2.4 (1.5–3.6) in those who had no other exposure and who had been diagnosed for silicosis while employed in the NC dusty trades.Age‐adjusted lung cancer rates in silicotics who had no exposure to other known occupational carcinogens were 1.5 (.8–2.9) times higher than that in a referent group of coal miners with coalworkers' pneumoconiosis (CWP) and 2.4 (1.5–3.9) times higher than that in a referent group of non‐silicotic metal miners. Age‐ and smoking‐adjusted rates in silicotics were 3.9 (2.4–6.4) times higher than that in metal miners. This analysis effectively controls for confounding by age, cigarette smoking, and exposure to other known occupational carcinogens, and it is unlikely that other correlates of silica exposure could explain the excess lung cancer mortality in the silicotics.
Exposure to organic solvents and adverse pregnancy outcome
Authors: Windham Gayle C. , Shusterman Dennis , Swan Shanna H. , Fenster Laura , Eskenazi Brenda 
Published: April 2007

AbstractIn a large case‐control study (n = 1,926) of spontaneous abortion (SAB), exposure to solvents was ascertained by a telephone interview that asked about occupational use of 18 specific solvents or products, as well as an open‐ended “other” solvent category. The adjusted odds ratio for use of any solvent was 1.1 (0.8, 1.5). Solvents for which at least a doubled crude risk of SAB was found included perchlorethylene (OR = 4.7, 95% CI = 1.1, 21.l),trichloroethylene(OR = 3.1, CI = 0.9, 10.4), and paint thinners (OR = 2.3, CI = 1.0, 5.1). Comparing exposure greater than 10 hours per week versus less did not show consistent dose‐response effects. By solvent class, an association was seen with aliphatic solvents (adjusted OR = 1.8, 95% CI = 1.1, 3.0), but there was no dose‐response effect by hours of use. Household use of solvent‐containing products was generally not strongly associated with SAB, nor did it appear to confound the association seen with occupational use. From this and other studies, occupational exposure to at least some solvents appears associated with SAB. The associations of solvent exposure and fetal growth among liveborn offspring of controls was also examined.
Cancer incidence among asbestos‐exposed chemical industry workers: An extended observation period
Authors: Hilt Bjørn , Andersen Aage , Rosenberg Jan , Langiird Sverre 
Published: April 2007

AbstractA previous study on the incidence of cancer in a cohort of 286 asbestos‐exposed electrochemical industry workers observed from 1953 through 1980 has been extended with another 8 years of follow‐up. The incidence of cancer was derived from the Cancer Registry of Norway, and the expected figures were calculated by a life table method. During the extended follow‐up period from 1981 through 1988, among the cohort members there were 12 new cancer cases versus 14.2 expected (SIR 85, 95% CI 44–158). In a lightly exposed sub‐cohort, the extended follow‐up revealed 4 cases of lung cancer or pleural mesothelioma (ICD, 7th revision 162–163) versus 1.6 cases expected (SIR 256, 95% CI 71–654). In a heavily exposed sub‐cohort, the corresponding figures were 3 and 0.5 (SIR 588, 95% CI 118–1,725).
Paternal occupation and congenital anomalies in offspring
Authors: Olshan Andrew F. , Teschke Kay , Baird Patricia A. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThis paper presents the results of an exploratory case‐control study of paternal occupation as a risk factor for birth defects in offspring. With the use of a population‐based registry in British Columbia, 14,415 liveborn children with birth defects were identified for the period, 1952–1973. Two controls were matched to each case by using the birth files of British Columbia. Paternal occupation was obtained from the birth certificate. The analysis included 20 birth defect categories. Paternal occupations found to be associated with an increased odds ratio (OR) of birth defects include janitors [hydrocephalus (OR = 5.04), ventricular septal defects (OR = 2.45), other heart defects (OR = 2.35)], forestry and logging workers [congenital cataract (OR = 2.28), atrial septal defects (OR = 2.03), syndactyly (OR = 2.03)], painters [spina bifida (OR = 3.21), patent ductus arteriosus (OR = 2.34), cleft palate (OR = 3.36)], printers [atresia of the urethra (OR = 4.50), clubfoot (OR = 2.18)], and plywood mill workers [patent ductus arteriosus (OR = 2.52), pyloric stenosis (OR = 4.12), dislocated hip (OR = 2.71)]. This study has several limitations and the results must be viewed with caution. Nonetheless, the study provides new leads for further evaluation of the role of father's occupation in the etiology of birth defects.
A case‐control study of risk factors for industrial low back injury: Implications for primary and secondary prevention programs
Authors: Daltroy Lawren H. , Larson Martin G. , Wright Elizabeth A. , Malspeis Susan , Fossel Anne H. , Ryan James , Zwerling Craig , Liang Matthew H. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractData were collected on 228 consecutive back injuries in Boston's General Mail Facility and 228 non‐injured controls drawn randomly from each case's work unit, matching on craft (clerk, mailhandler, maintenance), shift, and general supervisor. Data were collected on age, gender, duration of employment, 3 year history of injury claims, overtime work in the past 2 weeks, job change in the past 60 days, and machine vs. manual job. Risk factors for back injury were examined simultaneously in a conditional logistic regression for matched pairs. Risk factors included history of back injury claim (OR = 16.5, p < 0.0001), younger age (OR = 3.0, p = 0.0001), shorter duration of employment (OR = 2.6, p = 0.0007), recent job change (OR = 2.5, p = 0.06), and history of non‐back injury claim (OR = 2.0, p = 0.08). Among heavy lifters (vs. clerks) overtime and being female increased the risk of injury. In this setting, higher risk workers who may benefit from preventive education programs can be identified.
Renal function in dry cleaning workers exposed to perchloroethylene
Authors: Solet David , Robins Thomas G. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractPerchloroethylene (PCE) is a widely used dry cleaning and degreasing solvent. Although there is evidence in animals and humans for renal effects at extremely high doses, there are few studies of its potential renal toxicity at typical occupational concentrations. This study reports on the relationship of PCE in breath and estimates of chronic exposure with the urinary ratios of total urinary protein, albumin, and n‐acetyl‐glucosaminidase (NAG) to creatinine in dry cleaning workers exposed to PCE. Regression models including one or more exposure variables, demographic variables, mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), and the presence of diseases affecting kidney function were examined.Urine samples, breath samples, exposure histories, and medical histories were obtained from 192 dry cleaning workers. The results failed to demonstrate any consistent relationship between exposure and renal outcome variables. However, protein/creatinine and albumin/creatinine were significantly, although weakly and positively, associated with MAP; NAG/creatinine was weakly but significantly positively associated with age; mean NAG/creatinine was also higher in non‐whites. The reasons why an association between exposure and renal outcome was not found are discussed.
Lung cancer in filling station attendants
Authors: Grandjean Philippe , Andersen Otto 
Published: April 2007

AbstractAt the Danish census on 9 November 1970, 4,055 men and 1,195 women aged 20–64 years indicated an employment that was coded as retail sale of oil and gasoline; almost all individuals probably worked as filling station attendants. Record linkage at Dan‐marks Statistik showed that 529 of the men had died during the following 17 years. Respiratory cancer (75 deaths) was the only cause of death that showed a significant excess (standardized mortality ratio, 1.58; 95% confidence interval, 1.25–2.00) when compared to all men gainfully employed at the time of the census. An increased mortality due to cardiovascular disease could not be related to any particular diagnostic subgroup; the mortality in women did not differ from expected rates. These results are in accordance with data from other countries on occupational groups exposed to high levels of exhaust fumes.
Fissural thickening and exposure to asbestos: Occurrence, determinants, and functional impact
Authors: Zejda Jan , Ernst Pierre 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe occurrence and determinants of thickened interlobar fissures were assessed in 147 insulators, in order to test the hypothesis that radiographic abnormalities in minor (FMN) and/or major (FMJ) interlobar fissures are associated with restrictive respiratory impairment, which may reflect early parenchymal lung fibrosis. According to the diagnostic criteria developed, definite interlobar thickening was found in 33 (FMN) and in 73 (FMJ) men, and was frequently associated with the presence of classical asbestos pleural disease, though not parenchymal abnormality. Multivariate analyses did not demonstrate any association between either FMN or FMJ and lung function. Such an association, however, was found in the case of the usual asbestos‐related pleural change. These findings suggest that fissural thickening seen on chest radiography represents a component of asbestos pleural disease and not asbestosis.
Time‐weighted averages, peaks, and other indices of exposure in occupational epidemiology
Authors: Checkoway Harvey , Rice Carol H. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractDose surrogates commonly used in occupational epidemiology are exposure intensity, exposure duration, and cumulative exposure. The appropriateness of any of these measures as dose indicators depends on the nature of the induction process for the disease under consideration. Peak exposure intensity is often associated with acute health outcomes, whereas cumulative exposure is generally more relevant for diseases with long induction times, i.e., “chronic” diseases. However, there may be situations where peak exposure is etiologically relevant in chronic disease induction, such as might occur with nonlinear rates of damage during brief intervals of very high exposure. An approach is described for evaluating the effect of peak exposures in which peaks may be defined on a relative basis for each worker, or with respect to an absolute value, such as the permissible occupational exposure limit. The analytic strategy is illustrated with data from a case‐control study of silicosis in relation to quantitative estimates of silica exposure. In this example, relative peak exposures and average non‐peak exposures appear to be better predictors of silicosis risk than cumulative exposure.
Fibrous minerals in the lungs of mesothelioma patients: Comparison between data on SEM, TEM, and personal interview information
Authors: Tuomi Timo 
Published: April 2007

AbstractTo determine and compare the fiber types and size distributions in the lung tissue of mesothelioma patients in Finland, samples from 29 patients with known work history were analyzed with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X‐ray microanalysis. Compared with the earlier results using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the fiber concentrations were about three times as high and ranged from 0.1 million to 5,200 million fibers per gram of dry tissue. In 15 patients (52%), crocidolite/amosite were the dominating fiber types, representing more than 70% of all fibers. Anthophyllite asbestos was the most prevalent fiber type in eight patients (28%), and it was found in the samples of 13 patients (45%). One‐half of the anthophyllite fibers were longer than 5 μm, whereas other fiber types were somewhat smaller.
A comparative ecological study of selected cancers in Kanawha County, West Virginia
Authors: Day Richard , Talbott Evelyn O. , Marsh Gary M. , Case Bruce W. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThis study compares mortality rates for selected causes of death in Kanawha County, West Virginia, to rates reported in a number of geographically defined populations for 1950–1984. Specific conditions selected for study included cancers of the biliary passages and liver, the bladder and other urinary organs, and the central nervous system (CNS), as well as leukemia and aleukemia, lymphosarcoma and reticulosarcoma, Hodgkin's disease, and cancer of all other lymphopoietic tissue. The analysis made use of several techniques for the investigation of ecological data, including the modeling of rates using Poission regression. The primary findings of this study concern two subgroups of cancers of the lymphatic and hematopoietic tissue: (1) leukemia and aleukemia, and (2) lymphosarcoma and reticulosarcoma. For both subgroups of cancers, white male residents of Kanawha County show evidence of significantly elevated mortality rates over the 35‐year period of this study.