bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicting how varying moisture conditions impact the microbiome of dust collected from the International Space Station
Authors: Nastasi Nicholas , Bope Ashleigh , Meyer Marit E. , Horack John M. , Dannemiller Karen C. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background The commercialization of space travel will soon lead to many more people living and working in unique built environments similar to the International Space Station, which is a specialized closed environment that contains its own indoor microbiome. Unintended microbial growth can occur in this environment as in building on Earth from elevated moisture, such as from a temporary ventilation system failure. This growth can drive negative health outcomes and degrade building materials. We need a predictive approach for modeling microbial growth in these critical indoor spaces.
Results Here we demonstrate that even short exposures to varying elevated relative humidity can facilitate rapid microbial growth and microbial community composition changes in dust from spacecraft. We modeled fungal growth in dust from the International Space Station using the time-of-wetness framework with activation and deactivation limited growth occurring at 85% and 100% relative humidity, respectively. Fungal concentrations ranged from an average of 4.4 x 106 spore equivalents per mg dust in original dust with no exposure to relative humidity to up to 2.1 x 1010 when exposed to 100% relative humidity for 2-weeks. As relative humidity and time elevated increased, fungal diversity was significantly reduced for both alpha (Q < 0.05) and beta (R2 = 0.307, P = 0.001) diversity metrics. Bacteria were unable to be modeled using the time-of-wetness framework. However, bacterial communities did changes based on constant relative humidity incubations for both beta (R2 = 0.22, P = 0.001) and alpha diversity decreasing with increasing moisture starting at 85% relative humidity (Q < 0.05).
Conclusion Our results demonstrate moisture conditions can be used to develop predict changes in fungal growth and composition onboard human-occupied spacecraft. This predictive model can be expanded upon to include other spacecraft environmental factors such as microgravity, elevated carbon dioxide conditions, and radiation exposure. Understanding microbial growth in spacecraft can help better protect astronaut health, fortify spacecraft integrity, and promote planetary protection as human activity increases in low-Earth orbit, the moon, Mars, and beyond.
Risk of Glacier Collapse in the Southeast Tibetan Basin
Authors: Huai Baojuan , Ji Kaicheng , Sun Weijun , Tian Biao , Xiao Cunde , Ding Minghu 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Glacier collapse is one of the serious cryospheric hazards in the Tibetan Plateau (TP), especially in the southeast of TP. Recent studies on glacier change and glacier collapse events in this region show that the risk of glacier collapse disaster in Southeast Tibet is vague and not specific. Here, we assess the risk of glacier collapse by combining machine learning method, dangerous glacier identification and vulnerability analysis in the basin. This study considers that the glacier collapse events in this area in recent years are mainly driven by temperature, precipitation and seismic activity under the background of steep terrain. A total of 946 km2 of glaciers in southeastern Tibet are potentially at hazard of collapse, with the largest area of about 320 km2 in the southeastern region; The proportion of the southern region is the highest, about 55.6%. Eight basins are at extremely high risk, including 85 residential areas, 131 roads and 52 rivers. This study directly responds to the needs of the disaster prevention and mitigation strategy to determine the key areas, and emphasizes the necessity of coping with the threat of glacier collapse in the extremely high-risk basins in Southeast Tibet.
Exploring Cannabis sativa L for Anti-Alzheimer Potential: An extensive Computational Study including Molecular Docking, Molecular Dynamics, and ADMET Assessments
Authors: Nour Hassan , Yamari Imane , Abchir Oussama , Mounadi Nouh , Samadi Abdelouahid , Belaidi Salah , Chtita Samir 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Cholinesterase enzymes play a pivotal role in hydrolyzing acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter crucial for memory and cognition, into its components, acetic acid, and choline. A primary approach in addressing Alzheimer's disease symptoms is by inhibiting the action of these enzymes. With this context, our study embarked on a mission to pinpoint potential Cholinesterase (ChE) inhibitors using a comprehensive computational methodology. A total of 49 phytoconstituents derived from Cannabis sativa L underwent in silico screening via molecular docking, pharmacokinetic and pharmacotoxicological analysis, to evaluate their ability to inhibit cholinesterase enzymes. Out of these, two specific compounds, namely tetrahydrocannabivarin and Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol, belonging to cannabinoids, stood out as prospective therapeutic agents against Alzheimer's due to their potential as cholinesterase inhibitors. These candidates showcased commendable binding affinities with the cholinesterase enzymes, highlighting their interaction with essential enzymatic residues. They were predicted to exhibit greater binding affinities than Rivastigmine and Galantamine. Their ADMET assessments further classified them as viable oral pharmaceutical drugs. They are not expected to induce any mutagenic or hepatotoxic effects and cannot produce skin sensitization. In addition, these phytoconstituents are predicted to be BBB permeable and can reach the central nervous system (CNS) and exert their therapeutic effects. To delve deeper, we explored molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to examine the stability of the complex formed between the best candidate (Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol) and the target proteins under simulated biological conditions. The MD study affirmed that the ligand-ChE recognition is a spontaneous reaction leading to stable complexes. Our research outcomes provide valuable insights, offering a clear direction for the pharmaceutical sector in the pursuit of effective anti-Alzheimer treatments.
Association Between Early Echocardiography Screening of Low Systemic Blood Flow and Intraventricular Hemorrhage in Preterm Infants: a Multicenter Study
Authors: Oulego-Erroz Ignacio , Terroba-Seara Sandra , Palanca-Arias Daniel , Galve Zenaida , Delgado-Nicolás Sara , Pérez-Pérez Alicia , Rodríguez-Ozcoidi Jorge , Lavilla-Oíz Ana , Bravo María Carmen , Banda-Montalvo Leticia La , Méndez-Abad Paula , ZAFRA-RODRÍGUEZ PAMELA , Rodeño-Fernández Lorena , Montero-Gato Jon , Bustamante-Hervás Carmen , Vega-Del-Val Cristina , Rodriguez-Fanjul Javier , Mayordomo-Colunga Juan , Alegría-Echauri Iosune , Pérez-Álvarez Andrea 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Objective
To determine whether early screening for low systemic blood flow is associated with reduced intraventricular hemorrhage in preterm infants.
Study design
Prospective, observational multicenter study in nine neonatal intensive care units. Preterm infants younger than 33 weeks of gestational age were eligible. The exposure was protocolized early echocardiography screening for low systemic blood flow. Our main outcome was ≥ grade II intraventricular hemorrhage or death within the first 7 days of life. The main analysis used the inverse probability of treatment weighting based on propensity scores.
Results
332 preterm infants (131 in the intervention group and 201 in the control group) were included. Early echocardiography screening was associated with a significant reduction in ≥ grade II intraventricular hemorrhage or early death [odds ratio 0.285 (95% CI: 0.133–0.611); p = 0.001].
Conclusions
Early echocardiography screening for low systemic blood flow may reduce the incidence of intraventricular hemorrhage in preterm infants.
Implementation of an adapted perioperative ventriculoperitoneal shunting protocol in a tertiary center located in a low-to-middle-income country
Authors: Shahbandi Ataollah , Jahangiri Pedram , Meybodi Keyvan Tayebi , Nejat Farideh , Habibi Zohreh 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Objective
Preventative protocols have efficaciously reduced shunt infection in developed countries. However, the generalizability of these protocols in low-to-middle-income countries (LMICs) remains unclear. Previously, shunt insertion in the authors’ center were routinely performed under institutional preventative precautions, which was updated via merging with Hydrocephalus Clinical Research Network (HCRN) protocol. This study aimed to investigate the ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) infection rates in pediatric patients following the implementation of the adapted protocol.
Methods
The adapted protocol was implemented in all first-time VPS implantations between 2011–2021. The primary outcome was six-month shunt infection. The Pearson Chi-square test was used for categorical variables and the Mann-Whitney U-test for numeric variables to evaluate the correlation with shunt infection.
Results
352 first-time VPS procedures were performed adhering to the adapted protocol. The median age was 5 months, and 189 (53.7%) were male. Overall, 37 patients (10.5%) experienced shunt infection, with 30 (8.5%) occurring within the first six months, which were lower than 13.3% infection rate of the previous series of the same center. The infection rate was slightly higher than the 5.7% and 6.0% rates reported by HCRN studies. Patients with shunt infection were significantly younger (7.5 versus 17.5 months, P < 0.001).
Conclusions
This study validates the efficacy of an adapted perioperative protocol in mitigating shunt infection in a high-volume center in a LMIC. Adhering to a step-by-step protocol, modified to suit the healthcare resources and financial constraints of LMICs, could maintain low shunt infection rates that are roughly comparable to those of centers in high-income countries.
Preparation and properties of porous silicon anode coated with nitrogen-doped carbon for lithium ion battery
Authors: Xiao Zhongliang , Xia Yubo , Wang Cheng , Zhao Tingting , Yan Qunxuan , Xiao Minzhi , Peng Xiaoxin , Song Liubin 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Silicon (Si) anode is a promising anode material for lithium ion batteries as its high theoretical specific capacity. However, the commercial application of Si anode faces significant challenges, primarily stemming from its substantial volume change (> 300) and associated high costs. In this work, porous silicon was prepared by etching low-cost micron-sized aluminum-silicon alloy with hydrochloric acid. Subsequently, carbon-coating the porous silicon through the pyrolysis of phenolic resin, prepare a carbon-coated porous silicon-carbon (Si/C) anode material. This process is not only characterized by its simplicity and cost-effectiveness, but the porous Si/C anode structure relieves the mechanical stress of the material and inhibits the expansion, powdering of silicon and the erosion of the electrolyte. The results show that the Si/C anode sintered at 800°C exhibits optimal performance. Specifically, the Si/C anode material presented a first discharge specific capacity of 1394.4 mAh/g, with a capacity retention rate of 46.1% at 0.5 A/g. Nitrogen-doped silicon carbon composite material (Si/NC) was synthesized to further improve the performance of Si/C anodes. The characterizations confirm good crystallinity, uniform carbon coating on silicon surfaces, and even distribution of Si, C, and N elements. The Si/NC anode achieves a first specific capacity of 1218.3 mAh/g at 0.5 A/g, with a specific capacity of 563.7 mAh/g after 300 cycles, and the cycle retention rate still remains 42.7%, demonstrating stable cycling of the micron-sized silicon anode.
Factors influencing rural primary care physicians' intention to provide breast cancer screening services based on the theory of planned behavior：a cross-sectional study
Authors: Hu Zhiqing , Zhang Huiying , Wang Yiping , Sun Yanjun , Meng Rui , Shen Ke , Xu Kai , He Yuan 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Purpose: Breast cancer has been a serious health problem all around the world. Early detection is undoubtedly effective in combating severe public health problems in developing countries. Meanwhile, primary care physicians play an important role in implementation of screening programs. The objective of our study was to evaluate the determinates of the primary care physicians’ intention to provide the Breast cancer screening services ( BCSs ) for rural women.
Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey in 24 towns in Jiangsu. In total, 1,101 primary care physicians entered and completed the study. The data collection tool was developed based on the theory of planned behaviour (i.e., attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control) and extended components (i.e., knowledge about breast cancer screening services (BCSs), and past providing-BCSs behavior.
Results: The results of our study showed that subjective norms (β = 0.352, p < 0.001) had the greatest influence on primary care physicians’ intention to engage in breast cancer screening, followed by attitudes and perceived behavioural control. Both screening knowledge and past screening provision behavior had an indirect effect on behavioural intentions.
Conclusions: The present study demonstrated that extended TPB appears to be an efficient model in explaining primary care physicians' intention to engage in Breast cancer screening program. Meanwhile, our findings provide a reference for governments, hospitals and policies aiming to increasing primary care physicians’ intention to provide rural women with BCSs.
Young Fruits of "Okubo" Peach Recognition in Complex Environments Based on an Improved YOLOv8s
Authors: Jing Jianping , Zhang Shujuan , Sun Haixia , Cui Tianyu , Su Meng , Xin Mingming , Ren Rui 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
To address the challenges of high similarity in height between young fruits and leaves, small size of fruits, dense distribution, and severe occlusions, this paper proposes a lightweight YOLOv8s-P detection model for the identification of young fruits of "Okubo" peaches in complex environments. Firstly, the lightweight C2f_Faster module is designed and replaces all the C2f modules in YOLOv8s to realize the model lightweight. Secondly, the Efficient Multi-Scale Attention Module(EMA) is added inside the C2f_Faster module of the lightweight model to enhance the network's ability to extract tiny features. Finally, the MPDIoU boundary loss function based on the minimum point is used to replace the original CIoU boundary loss function of YOLOv8s to improve the positioning accuracy of the model prediction box. The results demonstrate that the YOLOv8s-P model achieves an average precision (AP@0.5) of 90.86%, F1 score of 86.70%, while only occupying 75.23% of the size of YOLOv8s. Compared to other lightweight algorithms such as YOLOv3-tiny, YOLOv4-tiny, YOLOv5s, YOLOv6s, YOLOv7-tiny, and YOLOv8s the YOLOv8s-P model achieves higher AP@0.5 by 6.26%, 6.01%, 2.05%, 2.12%, 1.87%, and 1.85% respectively. Additionally, the F1 score is higher by 3.93%, 3.42%, 1.54%, 1.52%, 0.68%, and 0.85% respectively. In conclusion, the YOLOv8s-P model has higher detection accuracy, compressed model size, and reduced hardware equipment configuration requirements, which provides a reference for the subsequent deployment and application of the "Okubo" peach fruit thinning robot hardware equipment.
Revisiting short plateau SN 2018gj
Authors: Utrobin V. P. , Chugai N. N. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

We present an alternative model of unusual type IIP SN 2018gj.Despite the short plateau and early gamma-rays escape seem to favor low-mass ejecta, our hydrodynamic model requires the large ejected mass ( \(\approx\) 23\Msun).The high ejecta velocity, we find from hydrogen lines in early spectra, turns out among crucial constraints on the hydrodynamic model.We recover the wind density that rules out a notable contribution of the circumstellar interaction to the bolometric luminosity.The early radioactive gamma-rays escape is found to be due to the high velocity of \(^{56}\) Ni, whereas the asymmetry of the \Ha emission is attributed to the asymmetry of the $^{56}$Ni ejecta.The available sample of type IIP supernovae studied hydrodynamically in a uniform way indicates that the asymmetry of the $^{56}$Ni ejecta is probably their intrinsic property.Hydrogen lines in early spectra of SN 2018gi and SN 2020jfo are found to imply a clumpy structure of the outer ejecta.With two already known similar cases of SN 2008in and SN 2012A we speculate that the clumpiness of the outer ejecta is inherent to type IIP supernovae related to the red supergiant explosion.
Interplanetary Trajectory Design Using Multiple Flybys in the Sun-Planet Three-Body System
Authors: Li Zhenyu , Qiao Dong , Li Xiangyu 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Planetary exploration is crucial for investigating the origin and evolution of the solar system. Despite the significant advantage in reducing launch cost offered by multiple gravity assists, numerous unique motions in the three-body system, which could provide extraordinary benefits in interplanetary transfers, are neglected due to the application of the patched-conic method and two-body problem. In this paper, a novel design method for interplanetary trajectory is proposed, leveraging the multiple flybys in the sun-planet system. First, the concept of multiple flybys in the three-body system is presented, and various types of multiple-flyby motion are found. Following the determination of trajectory patched conditions, the method for designing interplanetary trajectory is established by connecting multiple flybys in different sun-planet systems. Finally, this method is applied to design transfer trajectories for Saturn and Neptune exploration. The results indicate that, compared to multiple gravity-assist transfers based on the two-body problem, more transfer opportunities are found by the proposed method. This paper provides a new approach for planetary exploration missions in the future.
Quantitative and qualitative determination of the Staphylococcus and Cutibacterium dysbiosis of the skin microbiome in acne and its decline after isotretinoin treatment
Authors: Feidenhansl Cecilie , Lund Michael , Poehlein Anja , Lood Rolf , Lomholt Hans B. , Brüggemann Holger 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Acne vulgaris is a multifactorial disease of the pilosebaceous unit of human skin. Previous studies have identified an acne-associated dysbiosis of the human skin microbiome. This dysbiosis was mainly determined for Cutibacterium acnes. However, detailed analyses combining qualitative and quantitative aspects are scarce, also regarding the possible contribution of other skin bacteria and the impact of treatment.
We conducted a culture-independent study to determine differences between the healthy skin and the acne microbiome before and after long-term isotretinoin treatment. Three amplicon-based sequencing approaches and digital droplet PCR for quantification were applied to analyze the entire bacterial community, and specifically, C. acnes and staphylococcal communities.
Results
Our results revealed a 2.2-fold reduced absolute and relative abundance of C. acnes with a reduced diversity in the acne microbiome. A phylotype switch was found, which was mainly characterized by a significant relative decrease of IB, II and type III strains in the acne microbiome. In contrast, the relative abundance of staphylococci increased significantly and the quantitative ratio staphylococci to C. acnes strongly increased from 1:34 to 1:11 in the acne cohort. The diversity of staphylococci was reduced, mainly due to the decrease of Staphylococcus hominis, and the appearance and predominance of Staphylococcus aureus in some acne patients. Isotretinoin treatment drastically depleted C. acnes (37-fold) and moderately also staphylococci (3.6-fold). Regarding the staphylococcal population, isotretinoin treatment resulted in a decrease of Staphylococcus epidermidis and a significant increase of S. aureus on forehead and cheek skin. The alpha diversity drastically increased on all examined body sites.
Conclusions
The switch from a C. acnes-dominated healthy skin microbiome towards an acne microbiome that is relatively enriched in staphylococci could indicate a stronger impact of staphylococci in the pathophysiology of acne than currently acknowledged. Our data further showed that isotretinoin largely eliminated the skin microbiome and in particular C. acnes, but also S. epidermidis. Instead, more harmful bacteria such as S. aureus could expand, which suggests that post-treatment strategies should be considered to accelerate skin microbiome recovery.
First detection probability, comparative analysis of ecological disparities and population dynamics of Rana pseudodalmatina (Eiselt &amp; Schmidtler, 1971) in the Hyrcanian forests: implications for conservation planning
Authors: Najibzadeh Masoumeh 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

The Hyrcanian forests have a diverse fauna and flora with many endemic species of plants and animals. Rana pseudodalmatina is one of the endemic species in this forest. The phylogenetic and morphologic analysis indicates the existence of the western and the eastern clades in R. pseudodalmatina. The life history of an organism comprises its growth, development, age, and reproduction. Differences in the life history of the same species can attributed to different habitat quality or climate. The probability of encountering a wood frog in the western half of the Hyrcanian forests of the southern shores of the Caspian Sea is much higher than in the forests of the eastern sea. This increase in the detection probability can attributed to higher precipitation levels in the west of the Caspian Sea compared to the east. We observed that the Eastern populations tend to have larger sizes. In addition, the individuals of the western branch have a lower mean age (5.29 ± 0.74 years) than the eastern ones (8.36 ± 0.08 years). According to our results, females were larger (54.64 ± 0.53 mm) and older (7.68 ± 0.24 years) than males (48.13 ± 0.39 mm; 5.89 ± 0.39 years) in both eastern and western clades. So, the difference has been attributed to the variation in precipitation between the east and west of the sea, leading to different living conditions for R. pseudodalmatina. Hence, any conservation planning to protect this native species of the Hyrcanian forests must consider inter and intra-population differences in the east and west of the Hyrcanian forests.
A One Health framework for exploring the zoonotic web: a case study
Authors: Desvars-Larrive Amélie , Vogl Anna , Puspitarani Gavrila , Yang Liuhuaying , Joachim Anja , Kaesbohrer Annemarie 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

The eco-epidemiology of zoonoses is often oversimplified to host-pathogen interactions while findings derived from global datasets are rarely directly transferable to smaller-scale contexts. Here, we compile and comprehensively analyse a dataset of zoonotic interactions in Austria, spanning 1975-2022. We introduce the concept of zoonotic web to describe the relationships between zoonotic agents, their hosts, vectors, food, and environmental sources. Within the network of zoonotic agent sharing, the most influential zoonotic sources are human, cattle, chicken, and some meat products. Analysis of the One Health cliques confirms the increased probability of zoonotic spillover at human-cattle and human-food interfaces. We characterise six communities of zoonotic agent sharing, which assembly patterns are likely driven by highly connected infectious agents in the zoonotic web, proximity to human, and anthropogenic activities. Additionally, we report a frequency of emerging zoonotic diseases in Austria of one every six years. Our flexible network-based approach offers valuable insights into zoonotic transmission chains, facilitating the development of locally-relevant One Health strategies against zoonoses.