bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intensive Glycemic Management Is Associated With Reduced Retinal Structure Abnormalities on Ocular Coherence Tomography in the DCCT/EDIC Study
Authors: Blodi Barbara , Gardner Thomas W. , Gao Xiaoyu , Sun Jennifer K. , Lorenzi Gayle M. , Olmos de Koo Lisa C. , Das Arup , White Neil H. , Gubitosi-Klug Rose A. , Aiello Lloyd P. , Bebu Ionut ,   DCCT/EDIC Research Group
Published: March 2024

OBJECTIVE
To investigate quantitative and qualitative changes in retinal structure using optical coherence tomography (OCT) and their associations with systemic or other risk factors in individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
In the Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (EDIC) study, OCT images were obtained during study years 25–28 (2019–2022) in 937 participants; 54% and 46% were from the original intensive (INT) and conventional (CONV) glycemic management treatment groups, respectively.

RESULTS
Average age for participants was 61 years old, diabetes duration 39 years, and HbA1c 7.6%. Participants originally in the CONV group were more likely to have disorganization of retinal inner layers (DRIL) (CONV 27.3% vs. INT 18.7%; P = 0.0003), intraretinal fluid (CONV 24.4% vs. INT 19.2%; P = 0.0222), and intraretinal cysts (CONV 20.8% vs. INT 16.6%; P = 0.0471). In multivariable models, sex, age, smoking, mean updated systolic blood pressure, and history of “clinically significant” macular edema (CSME) and of anti-VEGF treatment were independently associated with changes in central subfield thickness, while HbA1c, BMI, and history of CSME and of ocular surgery were associated with DRIL. Visual acuity (VA) decline was associated with significant thinning of all retinal subfields except for the central and inner nasal subfields.

CONCLUSIONS
Early intensive glycemic management in T1D is associated with a decreased risk of DRIL. This important morphological abnormality was associated with a history of macular edema, a history of ocular surgery, and worse VA. This study reveals benefits of intensive glycemic management on the retina beyond features detected by fundus photographs and ophthalmoscopy.
Development of legal consciousness of legal students
Authors: Honcharov A. V. , Honcharov M. V. 
Published: March 2024

The article is devoted to the analysis of the development of legal consciousness of law students. The main methodological approaches to the formation of legal consciousness of future specialists in the legal field are outlined.
It was found that the components that influence the development of legal awareness, which determines the orientations for persons facing legal situations, prompting them to make ethically and legitimately justified decisions on the psychological aspects of legal awareness among law students, require a detailed analysis. The development of legal consciousness of lawyers requires specially organized measures that affect various spheres of individual consciousness, but the sphere of legal consciousness of an individual is particularly sensitive to these social changes.
The work considers the key factors affecting the development of legal awareness among young people who are preparing to become specialists in the field of law. Depending on the subject acting as a source of legal awareness, individual, group and public legal awareness can be distinguished. Individual legal consciousness, which belongs to an individual, should be considered as a relationship between subjective and objective (individual and social) aspects in his consciousness.
Legal awareness of lawyers has a theoretical and practical nature, since the main goal of their work is the application of theoretical knowledge (scientific research) in practice. Law affects the consciousness of the relevant persons, performing its functions. The formation of legal awareness of lawyers requires the presence of appropriate professional morality, a system of moral and moral-legal norms that regulate their actions and behavior in professional activities. The main criteria for the development of legal consciousness of legal students are legal knowledge, the level of legal education, attitude to legal norms, stability of legal beliefs, value orientations, the formation of legal attitudes and compliance or non- compliance with the law revealed in behavior.
Legal Framework for ensuring observance of rights of undertakings during inspections of The Antimonopoly Committee of Ukraine in the context of antimonopoly reform in Ukraine
Authors: Sus M. S. 
Published: March 2024

The article is devoted to analysis and general description of legal framework for ensuring observance of rights of undertakings during inspections of the bodies of the Antimonopoly Committee of Ukraine (the “AMCU”), considering provisions of the Law of Ukraine “On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of Ukraine on Improving Legislation on the Protection of Economic Competition and Activities of the Antimonopoly Committee of Ukraine” No. 3295-IX dated 9 August 2023 (the “Law No. 3295-IX”), which initiated the antimonopoly reform in Ukraine. The article analyses the main changes introduced by the Law No. 3295-IX in terms of conduct of inspections of undertakings and certain procedural actions (seizure, arrest of property, etc.) by the AMCU’s bodies, and provides a general assessment of these changes from perspective of ensuring observance of rights of undertakings during exercise of investigative powers by the AMCU’s bodies.
Following analysis of the above law, it is concluded that it significantly altered the rules for conducting inspections of undertakings and related procedural actions by the AMCU’s bodies and, in general, changed them for the better in terms of ensuring observance of rights of undertakings. The most significant positive development is that after entry of the Law No. 3295-IX into force (1 January 2024) inspections, access to premises, other possessions, other places of information storage owned and/ or used by undertakings, and/or performance of certain procedural actions in the form of examination, sealing, seizure of property, and arrest of property by the AMCU’s bodies should be subject to prior authorisation by the commercial court. The AMCU’s bodies, in turn, are required to provide sufficient justification of the need for inspections and the above-mentioned procedural actions, so that the latter could be authorised by the court.
The need to obtain prior authorisation from the commercial court to conduct inspections of undertakings and procedural actions such as seizing, imposing arrest on property, etc. in theory should prevent unjustified interference of the AMCU’s bodies in operational activities of undertakings and contribute to ensuring observance of their rights to a greater extent compared to situation when commercial courts would continue to carry out only ex post control over legality of inspections of the AMCU’s bodies and their procedural actions. Time will show whether the above idea will find its practical implementation and to what extent. As the AMCU’s bodies utilize the investigative toolkit provided to them by the Law No. 3295-IX, time will also reveal imperfections and problematic aspects of the new legal regulation of inspections and procedural actions by the AMCU’s bodies in part of ensuring observance of rights of undertakings.
European principles and division of common property of spouses: implementation in national family law
Authors: Lisoviy S. A. 
Published: March 2024

The scientific article examines the importance of the implementation of European principles for the reform of norms regarding the division of common property of spouses. It was revealed that European researchers indicate a number of problems that arise in cross-border marriages (the spouses are citizens of different EU member states or foreign countries) in the case of the division of common property, when the marriage ends in divorce or the persons were not married, but in a registered partnership, but as well as cases when one of the parties dies during the trial. It has been established that the issues of implementation of European principles for the reformation of national norms regarding the division of common property of spouses have not been sufficiently investigated.
It was revealed that at the level of the European Union, the formation of joint approaches to the regulation of property relations lasted more than one decade. The adoption of the first public acts was preceded by a number of scientific studies and publications. Adoption of European legislation on the regulation of property relations of spouses was defined as a priority in the Vienna Action Plan of 1998. In 2011, «Proposals on the Regulation of the Council on Jurisdiction, Applicable Law and Recognition and Enforcement of Decisions in Matters of the Spousal Property Regime» were developed and submitted to the Parliament, which were withdrawn six years later.
It is substantiated that the activity of the Commission on European Family Law plays an important role in the harmonization of family law within the framework of the European Union. At the same time, among European scientists there is still no unity in the position of whether it is even possible to harmonize the family law of European states. Based on the analysis of the scientific works of European scientists, three main groups of views on this issue are distinguished.
It has been established that there is an ongoing discussion among European and national scientists about the harmonization of European family law. We share the approach that legal norms are already being harmonized in the sphere of regulation of individual institutions of family law, and under the influence of globalization and digitalization, the harmonization of family law of different EU member states will accelerate. Amendments to the Family Code of Ukraine are proposed for the implementation of European principles to the institution of the division of joint property of spouses.
Business safety: adaptation of home legislation to acquis of European Union
Authors: Zakharchuk A. S. 
Published: March 2024

Contradictions of the development of Ukrainian society in the post-Soviet period are manifested, firstly: in such phenomena, which are negative for conducting business, such as corruption, the “shadow” economy, the absence, at the legislative level, of a regulated mechanism of property relations, and, secondly,
in aspirations to become a member of the European Union, with its democratic and universal values.
When it comes to the harmonization of domestic legislation with the EU acquis, it is worth noting that the specific features of the development of a certain community, its legal awareness and legal culture are reflected in legal relations. This contradiction requires a rational understanding of the peculiarities of the historical development of Ukrainian society.
Modern EU society is liberal. A universal feature of liberalism, a system of economic relations, is freedom, which is based on the right to own the means of production.
During the 20th century the influence of the mechanism of economic relations on a person, as a subject of his own rights, increased. Therefore, the state policy, coordinated with international law, is designed to ensure the protection of human rights from abuses of the business environment.
The social dimension of economic phenomena and processes is manifested through the prism of economic and legal research, thanks to which cause-and-effect relationships, effectiveness and expediency of the adoption of this or that normative-legal act are clarified. A comprehensive analysis of socio-economic processes, while preserving the essential unity of legal phenomena and economic institutions, contributes to an objective assessment of the social effectiveness of individual legal norms, the role of the law, its interaction with such spheres of social life as economy, politics, culture, etc.
At the end of 2013, the then President of Ukraine’s refusal to sign the Association Agreement between Ukraine and the EU led to large-scale protests against the authorities. Subsequently, not agreeing with the independent choice of the people of Ukraine, the leadership of the Russian Federation resorted to military aggression.
At the same time, having lost control over part of the territory and having suffered economic and demographic losses, the authorities and society of Ukraine remained consistent supporters of democratic values and European choices.
The peculiarities of the execution of natural gas supply contracts
Authors: Yurkevych Yu. M. , Krupnyk R. V. 
Published: March 2024

The legal basis for the functioning of the natural gas market of Ukraine, based on the principles of free competition, proper protection of consumer rights and security of natural gas supply, has been determined by the Law of Ukraine “On the Natural Gas Market” No. 329-VIII dated 04/09/2015.
The supply of natural gas to household consumers is carried out on the basis of the standard contract. According to the content of the provisions of the Code of the Gas Transportation System and the Code of the Gas Distribution System, it is understood that, in order to supply natural gas to consumers, its supplier purchases this gas from a wholesaler at a virtual point of sale, and consumers receive it directly from the operator of gas distribution networks at the limit of the balance sheet ownership of their facilities (at destinations). In the context of updating the civil legislation of Ukraine and its harmonization with the law of the European Union, the study of the peculiarities of the execution of the gas supply contract as a type of contract for the supply of energy and the other resources through the connected network is relevant. Taking into account the specifics of the supply object, namely that natural gas is a commercial product that is a mixture of hydrocarbons and non-hydrocarbon components in a gaseous state under standard conditions, the legal nature of the supply contract has certain peculiarities. At the same time, under the contract for the supply of energy and the other resources through the connected network, one party (supplier) undertakes to provide the other party (consumer, subscriber) with energy and the other resources provided for in the contract, and the consumer (subscriber) undertakes to pay the cost of the received resources and to comply with the mode of its use stipulated by the contract, as well as to ensure safe operation of energy and the other equipment.
The peculiarities of the execution of the contract for the supply of natural gas have been determined by the legal regime of the commercial product, which is natural gas, and the peculiarities of its supply (no other than through the gas transportation and gas distribution systems in which natural gas is received from various economic entities, as a result of which it is mixed and changes in physical chemical parameters).
Legal regulation of the status of shareholders in corporate governance of Ukraine: analysis of key aspects and challenges
Authors: Shchoka S. V. 
Published: March 2024

This article conducts a deep analysis of the administrative-legal regulation of shareholders’ rights in joint-stock companies in Ukraine. The main focus is on the classification of shareholders’ rights, which are divided into property and non-property rights. Property rights include the right to receive dividends, the right to a share in the liquidation of the company, while non-property rights include the right to vote at general meetings, the right to information, among others.
The article thoroughly examines the role and significance of the general meeting of shareholders as the main governing body of a joint-stock company. The procedures for convening, conducting, and the specifics of decision-making at these meetings are discussed.
The article highlights the limitations related to the payment of dividends, analyzing current legislation and judicial practice. Special attention is given to the issue of protecting the rights of minority shareholders, including an analysis of the problems that arise in the exercise of their rights, and discussing possible solutions.
The normative-legal base regulating the activities of joint-stock companies in Ukraine is analyzed. Current legislative initiatives and changes in the law that impact shareholders’ rights are illuminated.
The article concludes with a review of practical cases from judicial practice, particularly analyzing a series of cases related to the invalidation of share purchase agreements. These examples demonstrate real situations faced by shareholders and illustrate how judicial practice influences the development of corporate law in Ukraine.
Bath Culture: Bath Custom-Tradition in Azerbaijani National Films
Authors: Garayeva Nurengiz 
Published: March 2024

Bath culture emerging with the cleansing power of water is a civilizational experience coming down from past to present. The conducted archaeological and ethnographic studies have proved that the mankind have used baths since ancient times. The bath, which was highly appreciated by all nations, has been an integral part of their cultures and lifestyles. Although this concept presented as a place is a variable to be constructed and transformed, it denotes a process determining human relations and cultural manifestations in the social structure. The spread of baths is also connected with the features of migration factors transferring the mankind’s experience, habits and lifestyle to new settlements.
The paper studies the emergence and development history of baths, the physiological and hygienic aspects of the effect of baths on the human body. The main role of films in the human life and the skillful illumination of bath scenes in various styles in Azerbaijani films (“Qanun namina”, “If Not That One, Then This One”, “I Want To Get Married”, “The Stab in the Back”) are noted in the article, as well.
Digital technology-enabled non-heritage spatial landscape design in the context of rural revitalization
Authors: Xu Min 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The development of digital technology provides new impetus and methods for rural revitalization in terms of spatial landscape design for intangible cultural heritage (ICH). Digital technology can effectively preserve and transmit cultural heritage and promote the sustainable development of local culture and economy by enhancing its experiential and interactive nature. As an essential carrier of non-heritage culture, rural areas face contradictions between tradition and modernity, conservation and development. In-depth study is needed to understand how to use digital technology to promote rural revitalization while protecting NRLs. This study explores how digital technology can assist non-heritage spatial landscape design in rural revitalization to promote cultural inheritance and regional development. This paper analyzes the landscape design of 18 digitized non-heritage spaces with local characteristics quantitatively and qualitatively. The integration of NRL spaces increased by 30% on average, while visitor satisfaction increased by 25%. At the same time, the inheritance and promotion of local culture were enhanced by 40%. Through the application of digital technology, the recognition, guidance, culture, and diversity of the NRM space have significantly improved. Digital technology enhances the design quality and experience of non-heritage spaces and promotes the development of cultural tourism and economic revitalization in rural areas. The study provides new perspectives and practical paths for protecting and utilizing non-heritage in the context of rural revitalization.
Research on the Language Value of College Students’ Ideological and Political Education in the Internet Era
Authors: Zha Sang 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In the digital landscape, the language of ideological and political education for college students acquires new dimensions and faces unique challenges. Through the analysis of survey data from 1,025 college students, employing the K-prototype clustering algorithm and an enhancement of the Apriori algorithm, this study explores the significant influence of language on students’ emotional and cognitive responses. A striking 90% of participants displayed a strong affinity for media promoting patriotic themes, while over 52% regularly engaged in political discourse, highlighting the language’s potent effect on shaping civic attitudes. Nevertheless, the findings also suggest a pressing need to refine the linguistic approach regarding style and substance to maximize educational outcomes. By examining the contemporary role of language in shaping ideological and political perspectives among students, this paper sheds light on avenues for optimizing educational strategies in the Internet era.
Optimization of Cultivation Path of English Translation Talents in Colleges and Universities Based on ADDIE Model
Authors: Zhang Bing , Tu Hong 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The integration of technology, practice, and theory in training English translation talent in higher education presents a significant challenge. This study applies the ADDIE model to refine this training pathway, aligning with contemporary developmental needs. Using AHP and CRITIC methods, we established a robust evaluation index for training English translation talent. A comprehensive survey involving students and faculty evaluated the training’s effectiveness using the TOPSIS method. Results indicated a notable increase in student satisfaction post-optimization, particularly among seniors, and intermediate-level faculty provided higher ratings. Graduates from 2022 reported an increase in average salary compared to their 2021 counterparts, with over 50% earning between 10k-15k, underscoring the enhanced quality and marketability of the training approach.
Dilemma and Countermeasures of Antitrust Regulation in the Field of Internet Platform Economy
Authors: Guo Xiaoling 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This study addresses the issue of monopolies in the Internet platform economy by analyzing their causes and evaluating effective antitrust measures to maintain market fairness and encourage economic prosperity. Focusing on monopoly dynamics, including the network effect, capital influence, and market dominance, we apply evolutionary game theory and empirical analyses to devise a game theoretical model. This model helps simulate monopoly evolution and the potency of antitrust strategies. Our findings illustrate a direct correlation between monopoly growth and factors such as user base size, capital consolidation, and market control, with platforms frequently adopting monopolistic tactics for revenue maximization. Following antitrust regulatory actions, industry concentration shows a notable decrease, with metrics of total assets and net sales concentration dropping by 0.059 and 0.069, respectively. The study outlines critical regulatory strategies for enhancing market regulation, competition facilitation, and encouraging innovation. Effective antitrust enforcement is vital for optimizing market structures, spurring industry innovation, ensuring consumer welfare, and supporting the healthy progression of the Internet platform economy.