bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synovial Membrane Microarthroscopy of the Equine Midcarpal Joint
Authors: Serena Alberto , Hanson R. Reid , Kincaid Steven A. 
Published: October 2005

Objective— To evaluate the value of microarthroscopy in the equine midcarpal joint using the vital stains methylene blue, trypan blue, neutral red, and Janus green B to observe components of the synovial lamina propria, vascular architecture, and synoviocytes.Study design— Experimental.Animals— Ten horses.Methods— Microarthroscopy of left and right midcarpal joints was performed with and without vital staining of the synovium. Four vital stains (methylene blue, trypan blue, neutral red, and Janus green B) were evaluated, with each stain used in 5 joints. Synovial biopsy specimens were collected from the dorsomedial and dorsolateral aspects of the joint.Results— All dyes were biocompatible. At × 60 without vital staining, synovial surface topography, vascular network, and translucency were observed. Intra‐articular vital dyes improved evaluation of synovial surface topography. At × 150 with vital staining, individual synoviocytes were clearly identified with all dyes, except neutral red. Although methylene blue provided the best in vivo microscopic differentiation of the structure of the intima, trypan blue had superior retention in conventionally processed synovial biopsies.Conclusions— Methylene blue, trypan blue, neutral red, and Janus green B stains can be used safely for microarthroscopy. Good visualization of cells and vascular network can be obtained by microarthroscopy, and microarthroscopic evaluation of the synovium compares favorably with conventional histologic evaluation of biopsy specimens.Clinical relevance— Microarthroscopy may be beneficial in both research and clinical diagnosis of equine articular diseases.
Short‐Term Aseptic Loosening of the Femoral Component in Canine Total Hip Replacement: Effects of Cementing Technique on Cement Mantle Grade
Authors: Ota Juri , Cook James L. , Lewis Daniel D. , Tomlinson James L. , Fox Derek B. , Cook Cristi R. , Schultz Loren G. , Brumitt Jason 
Published: October 2005

Objectives— To evaluate the effects of different cementing techniques on radiographic cement mantle grade and short‐term aseptic loosening of the femoral component in canine total hip replacement (THR).Study Design— Retrospective study.Sample Population— Radiographs of 284 dogs that had THR.Methods— Immediate postoperative radiographs of 284 dogs that had cemented THR were reviewed by 4 surgeons and 1 radiologist and assigned a cement mantle grade using a 4‐grade classification system. Dog age and weight at surgery, cementing technique (1st, 2nd, 3rd generation), complications (type and timing), and follow‐up time were retrieved and analyzed.Results— Mean cement mantle score for 2nd generation technique was significantly higher than 3rd generation technique and both were significantly higher than 1st generation technique (P<.001). Aseptic loosening was the 2nd most common complication observed with an incidence of 2.1%. Mean time from surgery to last follow‐up examination was 122 days. No statistically significant difference in incidence of aseptic loosening was identified among different cement mantle grades or cementing techniques.Conclusions— Advanced cementing techniques resulted in better cement mantles based on grading of immediate postoperative radiographs, however grading did not predict short‐term aseptic loosening. Cementing technique seemingly did not affect the incidence of short‐term aseptic loosening of the femoral component for dogs in this study.Clinical Relevance— Our study suggests that advances in cementing technique may result in improvements in the radiographic grade of cement mantles. With respect to aseptic loosening of the femoral component, our data only suggest that short‐term (3 months–3 years) loosening cannot be predicted by immediate postoperative radiographic evaluation of cement mantle.
Neodymium:Yttrium Aluminum Garnet Surgical Laser Versus Bipolar Electrocoagulation for Laparoscopic Ovariectomy in Dogs
Authors: Van Nimwegen Sebastiaan A. , Van Swol Christiaan F. P. , Kirpensteijn Jolle 
Published: October 2005

Objective—To compare use of neodymium:yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) surgical laser and bipolar electrocoagulation (BEC) for laparoscopic ovariectomy (OVE) in dogs.Study Design—Prospective clinical trial.Animals—Female dogs (n=72).Methods—Laparoscopic OVE by Nd:YAG laser (600 μm optical fiber, contact mode) in 36 dogs was compared with laparoscopic OVE by bipolar electro‐coagulating grasping forceps. Dogs were paired (laser, electrocoagulation) matched for breed, age, body weight, obesity, and number of heat cycles. Duration of predetermined surgery times and total surgical time were compared between groups. Occurrence of intra‐ and postoperative complications and their effect on surgical duration were evaluated.Results—Laser surgery resulted in a higher incidence of intraoperative mesovarial bleeding (12 times; 9 dogs) compared with electrosurgery (4 times; 3 dogs). Use of laser caused a 2 minute delay for transection of the left ovary compared with electrosurgery. Postoperative complication rates and convalescence were similar for both groups.Conclusions—BEC reduced surgical time and intraoperative mesovarial bleeding compared with laser resection.Clinical Relevance—Although the laser was effective for laparoscopic OVE, bipolar electrosurgical laparoscopic OVE remained the method of choice.
Teat Tip Reconstruction by Supernumerary Teat Autotransplantation in Cattle
Authors: Saifzadeh Siamak , Ardebili Farhad Farrokhi , Hobbenaghi Rahim , Farid Jafar 
Published: October 2005

Objective—Evaluation of use of a supernumerary teat as a pedicle graft to repair experimental teat tip damage in cattle.Study Design—Experimental study.Animals—Mature, non‐gravid hybrid cows with ≥1 supernumerary teat.Methods—The main teat and adjacent supernumerary teat were examined for patency by ultrasound with a 8 MHz linear array transducer. The tip of the main teat was resected at the junction of cistern and canal. The supernumerary teat was partially resected semi‐circumferentially at the cranial aspect of the base to maintain vascular supply and transplanted by end‐to‐end anastomosis. The pedicle of the supernumerary teat graft was amputated in stages starting at 14 days, again at 16 days and separated at 18 days. Reconstructed teat patency was evaluated at intervals by ultrasonography and confirmed at 50 days by histopathology. Repeated measures ANOVA was used to compare the measurements of luminal diameter between days; significance was set atP<.05.Results—All reconstructed teats were patent. Decreased luminal diameters were detected at 25, 32, 39, and 46 days by ultrasonography. On histopathology, granulation and epithelial (mucosal) proliferation contributed to luminal reduction.Conclusions—In this experimental model of an acute damage to a teat tip, supernumerary teat grafting was successfully used to restore teat anatomy.Clinical Relevance—Supernumerary teat pedicle grafting may be considered as a salvage technique for reconstruction of a damaged bovine teat in cows that have an adjacent patent supernumerary teat. Function of the reconstructed teat in a lactating cow remains unknown.
Laser Fenestration of the Mesial Septum for Treatment of Guttural Pouch Chondroids in a Pony
Authors: Gehlen Heidrun , Ohnesorge Bernhard 
Published: October 2005

Objective—To describe removal of guttural pouch chondroids through a laser fenestrated mesial septum in a pony with an obstructed pharyngeal ostium of the left guttural pouch.Study Design—Case report.Animals—Pony.Methods—Transendoscopic laser neodymium:yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) fenestration of the mesial guttural pouch septum was made by contact method (bare fiber, 15–25 W, exposure time 4 seconds). Dissected tissue was removed by transendoscopic monopolar electrosurgery (loop electrode, cutting blade) and multiple chondroids of varying size were removed from the left guttural pouch through the fenestration.Results—After removing all chondroids and repeated flushing of the left guttural pouch via the right side, inflammation of the guttural pouch membranes decreased remarkably. The pony was discharged with instructions for transendoscopic lavage once weekly and was reevaluated at 2 months. A permanent septal fenestration was observed and the pony was free of abnormal clinical signs and being used for carriage driving competitions.Conclusion—Nd:YAG laser fenestration of the mesial septum is an approach for access to guttural pouch chondroids.Clinical Relevance—When guttural pouch empyema and/or chondroids is associated with adhesion of the pharyngeal ostium, laser fenestration of the mesial septum from the opposite guttural pouch should be considered as an alternative approach for access, rather than classic external surgical approaches.
Molecular Phylogeny of the
Pseudallescheria boydii
Species Complex: Proposal of Two New Species
Authors: Gilgado Felix , Cano Josep , Gené Josepa , Guarro Josep 
Published: October 2005

ABSTRACT

Pseudallescheria boydii
(anamorph
Scedosporium apiospermum
) is the species responsible for human scedosporiosis, a fungal infection with a high mortality rate and which is difficult to treat. Recently, it has been demonstrated that high genetic variation exists within this species. We have performed a morphological and molecular study involving numerous strains of clinical or environmental origins and from different countries. The analysis of partial sequences of the β-tubulin (two loci) and calmodulin genes and the internal transcribed spacer region of the rRNA gene has demonstrated that
P. boydii
is a species complex. The combined analysis of the sequences of the four loci of 60 strains has showed the presence of 44 haplotypes in the ingroup. Three species morphologically related to
P. boydii
sensu stricto, i.e.,
Pseudallescheria angusta
,
Pseudallescheria ellipsoidea
, and
Pseudallescheria fusoidea
, which had previously been considered synonyms, could be differentiated genetically from
P. boydii
in our study. It is relevant that two of the three strains now included in
P. ellipsoidea
have caused invasive infections. The species
Pseudallescheria minutispora
and
Scedosporium aurantiacum
are clearly phylogenetically separated from the other species studied and are here proposed as new. Morphological features support this proposal. All the strains included in
S. aurantiacum
species have a clinical origin, while those included in
P. minutispora
are environmental. Further studies are needed to demonstrate whether all the species included in the
P. boydii
complex have different clinical spectra and antifungal susceptibility.
Variation of the
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
PE_PGRS33 Gene among Clinical Isolates
Authors: Talarico Sarah , Cave M. Donald , Marrs Carl F. , Foxman Betsy , Zhang Lixin , Yang Zhenhua 
Published: October 2005

ABSTRACT

PE_PGRS33, one of about 60 PE_PGRS genes in the
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
genome, encodes a surface-expressed protein that may be involved in the antigenic variation of
M. tuberculosis
strains and evasion of the host immune system. While genetic differences between the PE_PGRS33 genes of H37Rv and CDC1551 have been noted, genetic variation in this gene among clinical isolates has not been evaluated. In order to gain a better understanding of the genetic basis for the role of PE_PGRS in antigenic variation and evasion of the host immune system, we investigated the genetic diversity of the PE_PGRS33 gene among 123 clinical
M. tuberculosis
isolates from a population-based study, using PCR and DNA sequencing. The 123 isolates belonged to principal genetic groups 1, 2, and 3 and had IS
6110
copy numbers ranging from 1 to 22. Eighty-four (68.3%) of the 123 isolates were found to have at least one sequence variation in the PE_PGRS33 gene, relative to that of H37Rv. Twenty-five different sequence variations were observed and included three insertions (ranging from 9 to 87 bp), nine deletions (ranging from 1 to 273 bp), one insertion-and-deletion event, and 12 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (six synonymous and six nonsynonymous). Analysis of the relationships among the different PE_PGRS33 gene sequence variations suggests that polymorphisms in the gene are shifting along evolutionary lineages. The observed genetic diversity of the PE_PGRS33 gene supports its role in antigenic variation and can serve as a basis for future investigations of the function of the PE_PGRS33 gene among clinical isolates.
Outbreak of Infection with a Multiresistant
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Strain Associated with Contaminated Roll Boards in Operating Rooms
Authors: van 't Veen Annemarie , van der Zee Anneke , Nelson Jolande , Speelberg Ben , Kluytmans Jan A. J. W. , Buiting Anton G. M. 
Published: October 2005

ABSTRACT

An outbreak with a multiresistant
Klebsiella pneumoniae
(MRKP) strain among seven patients admitted to the adult intensive care unit (ICU) of a regional teaching hospital in The Netherlands was investigated. Epidemiologic investigations revealed a short delay between an operation and the acquisition of the MRKP strain. A case-control study comprising 7 cases and 14 controls was conducted to identify the risk factors associated with the acquisition of the MRKP strain. An operation at each of two operation rooms was strongly associated with the acquisition of the MRKP strain: odds ratio of 36 (95% confidence interval, 2.7 to 481.2;
P
= 0.003, Fisher exact two-tailed test). Cultures of environmental specimens of the operation rooms revealed contamination of the roll boards used to transport patients from the bed to the operation table with the MRKP strains. Molecular genotyping of the isolates revealed clonal similarity between the isolates of the seven cases, isolates from environmental specimen cultures, and in addition, an MRKP isolate from a repatriated ICU patient from earlier that year. The outbreak ended after cleaning and replacement of the roll boards in the operation rooms and implementation of additional barrier precautions for colonized or infected patients. It was concluded that two operation rooms played a significant role in the transmission of an MRKP strain between ICU patients during the presented outbreak.
Diagnosis of Invasive Pneumococcal Infection by Serotype-Specific Urinary Antigen Detection
Authors: Leeming John P. , Cartwright Keith , Morris Rhonwen , Martin Siobhan A. , Smith Michael D. 
Published: October 2005

ABSTRACT

Widespread use of conjugate pneumococcal polysaccharide-protein vaccines may alter the spectrum of pneumococci producing invasive disease. Novel sensitive diagnostic methods would be valuable for monitoring the epidemiology of pneumococcal disease within populations and vaccine recipients. Ideally, these methods should allow determination of the serotype of the infecting clone. Serotype-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) for 13 capsular polysaccharides (types 1, 3, 4, 5, 6A, 6B, 7A, 9V, 14, 18C, 19A, 19F, and 23F) were developed. Experiments with pure capsular polysaccharide demonstrated that the assays were sensitive (0.01 to 1.0 ng/ml) and specific. These assays were used to detect capsular polysaccharide in urine from 263 adult patients with proven (blood culture-positive) invasive pneumococcal disease and pneumonia of unknown etiology and from patients with positive blood cultures yielding bacteria other than pneumococci (control group). Among 76 patients with invasive pneumococcal disease from whom blood culture isolates had been serotyped, 62 (82%) had infections with pneumococci of serotypes represented in the ELISA panel. Capsular antigen matching the serotype of the blood culture isolate was detected in the urine of 52 of these patients, giving a sensitivity of 83.9% for the target serotypes. The tests were significantly more sensitive for urine from patients with pneumococcal pneumonia (89.8%) than for urine from patients with nonpneumonic invasive infection (61.5%;
P
< 0.05). Data from the control group indicated a specificity of 98.8%. These assays should prove valuable in epidemiological investigation of invasive pneumococcal infection in adults, particularly if combined with a sensitive C-polysaccharide detection assay to screen for positive samples.
Use of Real-Time PCR To Process the First Galactomannan-Positive Serum Sample in Diagnosing Invasive Aspergillosis
Authors: Millon Laurence , Piarroux Renaud , Deconinck Eric , Bulabois Claude-Eric , Grenouillet Frédéric , Rohrlich Pierre , Costa Jean-Marc , Bretagne Stéphane 
Published: October 2005

ABSTRACT

Positive galactomannan (GM) antigenemias are included as a microbiological item in the diagnosis of probable or possible invasive aspergillosis (IA). Because false-positive GM results frequently occur, at least two positive results on two different samples are required. Waiting for clinical specimens can delay the initiation of treatment. As an alternative, we wondered whether detection of circulating
Aspergillus
DNA on the first positive GM serum sample could aid in diagnosing IA. Therefore, we retrospectively screened the first GM-positive serum samples from 29 patients from our hematology unit for
Aspergillus
DNA using real-time PCR. We compared the real-time PCR results with the final classification of proven, probable, and possible IA according to consensual criteria. No clear correlation between PCR results and the classification with the medical files could be shown. However, a positive PCR result was associated with a poor prognosis (Fisher's test;
P
= 0.01). Our preliminary data suggest that a positive PCR result could indicate a more advanced stage of the disease. Therefore, concomitant positive PCR and GM results may justify the initiation of antifungal therapy in neutropenic patients. In contrast, a negative PCR on the first positive GM sample may argue for postponing costly antifungal administration until additional arguments for the diagnosis of IA are presented.
Evaluation of Diagnostic Markers for Measles Virus Infection in the Context of an Outbreak in Spain
Authors: Mosquera María M. , de Ory Fernando , Gallardo Virtudes , Cuenca Loreto , Morales Mercedes , Sánchez-Yedra Waldo , Cabezas Teresa , Hernández Juan M. , Echevarría Juan E. 
Published: October 2005

ABSTRACT
A measles outbreak occurred from January to July 2003 in Spain, despite the fact that the Plan of Eradication of Measles and its surveillance program had been set up in 2001. Different diagnostic markers for measles virus infection were compared for 246 patients in tests of serum, urine, and pharyngeal exudate specimens. Measles virus immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG and rubella virus and parvovirus IgM levels in serum were assayed. Multiplex PCR was done on urine, serum, and pharyngeal exudates, and isolation of measles virus in the B95a cell line from urine was attempted. At least one positive marker for measles virus was obtained from 165 patients (67.1%; total number of patients, 246). A total of 136 cases (82.4% of the patients showing positive markers) were diagnosed by PCR and/or isolation and IgM detection methods. The results for 27 patients (16.4%) were positive only by direct methods. The results for two patients (1.2%) were positive only by IgM detection. In the case of the first group (136 cases), the time elapsed from appearance of the rash was significantly longer than in the case of the group which was only positive by PCR. Besides, 8 out of 27 PCR-positive IgM-negative cases showed specific IgG results, suggesting either secondary vaccine failure or reinfection. Numbers resulting from PCR performed with pharyngeal exudates proved to be significantly higher than those obtained with other specimens. Phylogenetic analysis showed the presence of genotype B3. The results strongly back the World Health Organization recommendation that detection of IgM should be supplemented by PCR and isolation for the diagnosis of measles virus infection.
Molecular Epidemiology of
Neisseria meningitidis
Isolated in the African Meningitis Belt between 1988 and 2003 Shows Dominance of Sequence Type 5 (ST-5) and ST-11 Complexes
Authors: Nicolas Pierre , Norheim Gunnstein , Garnotel Eric , Djibo Saacou , Caugant Dominique A. 
Published: October 2005

ABSTRACT
At the two World Health Organization Collaborating Centers for Reference and Research on Meningococci in Marseilles, France, and Oslo, Norway, the multilocus sequence typing technique was used for the characterization of a total of 357 strains of meningococci isolated from meningitis cases in 13 African countries of the meningitis belt between 1988 and 2003. Among these strains, 278 of 357 (77.9%) belonged to the sequence type 5 (ST-5) complex; 23.2% were ST-5 and 53.5% were ST-7. ST-5 was probably introduced in Africa in 1987 and was responsible for most of the meningitis cases between 1988 and 2001. ST-7 emerged in the mid-1990s and has totally replaced ST-5 since 2002. These two STs characterized serogroup A strains and have been responsible for hundreds of thousands of cases. Fifty-two strains (14.3%) belonged to the ST-11 complex. The ST-11 complex was characterized by serogroup W135, which has been responsible for an increasing number of sporadic cases since 2000 and the first W135 epidemic ever seen in Africa (in Burkina Faso in 2002). Identification of W135 ST-11 strains in many countries is a great concern for the region. Apart from these two major clonal complexes, a few other clones, such as ST-2881, ST-181, and ST-751, were sporadically detected. Careful surveys for these clones need to be conducted, but at present they play only a minor role in the overall epidemiology of meningococcal meningitis.
Development of PCR Assays Targeting the Genes Involved in Synthesis and Assembly of the New
Escherichia coli
O174 and O177 O Antigens
Authors: Beutin Lothar , Kong Qingke , Feng Lu , Wang Quan , Krause Gladys , Leomil Luciana , Jin Qi , Wang Lei 
Published: October 2005

ABSTRACT

Escherichia coli
O174 and O177 are newly described O serogroups which were reported as human pathogens. Identification of these strains by serotyping has been restricted, as the required sera are not commercially available. In this study, a collection of 13
E. coli
O174 strains and 12
E. coli
O177 strains was studied on the O:H serotypes and virulence markers. The O-antigen gene clusters of
E. coli
O174 and O177 were sequenced, and associated genes were assigned functions on the basis of homology. Two genes, each specific for
E. coli
O174 and O177, were identified. PCR assays based on the O-antigen-specific genes were developed and tested on 25 clinical and environmental isolates of those two serogroups as well as 26 isolates of other O serogroups. As little as 1 pg per μl of chromosomal DNA and as few as 0.1 CFU per g of pork and water samples were detected for either strain. The PCR assays established in this study were shown to be highly sensitive and reliable and could be the method of choice for detection of these two human pathogens from clinical, food, and other environmental samples.