bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of peroxisomes in the swift increase in alcohol metabolism
Authors: Bradford Blair U 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe Swift Increase in Alcohol Metabolism occurs within 2.5 h after an acute gavage of ethanol causing an increase in hepatic respiration, an increase in alcohol metabolism, and pericentral hypoxia in the perfused liver. Alcohol treatment causes a release of endotoxin, activation of Kupffer cells to produce PGE2, therefore, stimulating mitochondrial function resulting in an increase in cofactor supply for nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)‐dependent alcohol metabolism and depletion of glycogen reserves. Additionally, liberation of peripheral fatty acids via activation of an adrenergic response to alcohol provides added substrate for peroxisomes. In this study, rats were treatedin vivowith ethanol, methanol or oleate and basal rates of oxygen uptake in perfused liver were significantly increased as compared to untreated controls. Methanol (25 mmol/L), a selective substrate for catalase in rodents, was infused into the liver and rates of methanol metabolism were increased 3–4‐fold as compared to controls. Gadolinium chloride blocked the increase in oxygen and alcohol metabolism and inhibited the increase in ketogenesis normally observed after ethanol treatment. Excess fatty acids from oleate treatmentin vivoprovided additional substrate for peroxisomal alcohol metabolism and an increase in alcohol metabolism occurred even when Kupffer cells were eliminated. These data demonstrate that fatty acid supply either via peripheral reserves or after fatty acid treatment to peroxisomes generate sufficient H2O2for activation of catalase‐dependent alcohol metabolism.
Redox regulation of hepatocyte apoptosis
Authors: Garcia‐Ruiz Carmen , Fernández‐Checa José C 
Published: May 2007

AbstractCell death can be regulated by the sensitivity of proteins with a functional role in death pathways to redox environment. The antioxidant glutathione (GSH) regulates cell death pathways by modulating the redox state of specific thiol residues of target proteins including transcription factors, stress kinases and caspases, which participate in tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐induced apoptosis. The TNF signals, upon its binding to its type 1 receptor, two simultaneous pathways with opposing functions, promoting cell survival through NF‐κB activation or cell death through mitochondria. As a consequence, hepatocytes are resistant to TNF unless the survival arm is neutralized, therefore, rendering hepatocytes sensitive to TNF. Cytosol GSH regulates TNF hepatocyte apoptosis by modulating caspase 8 activation or NF‐κB‐dependent gene expression. However, mitochondrial GSH controls hepatocyte susceptibility to TNF through modulation of reactive oxygen species, without inactivation of NF‐κB‐dependent survival pathways. So, understanding the role of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species in TNF‐induced hepatocyte death may have broad implications in the pathogenesis of acute and chronic liver diseases.
Genetic manipulation of sinusoidal endothelial cells
Authors: Takei Yoshiyuki , Maruyama Atsushi , Ikejima Kenichi , Enomoto Nobuyuki , Yamashina Shunhei , Lemasters John J , Sato Nobuhiro 
Published: May 2007

AbstractAltered gene expression in liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (SEC) is associated with a variety of aspects of liver pathophysiology. It is, therefore, possible to envision a new therapeutic strategy for treatment of intractable liver diseases and achievement of graft‐specific immunotolerance through modulation of SEC functions by genetic engineering. The SEC possesses unique hyaluronan receptors that recognize and internalize hyaluronic acid (HA). This characteristic was used in the development of a system for targeting foreign DNA to SEC. A gene carrier system was prepared by coupling HA oligomers to poly L‐lysine (PLL) in a 1:1 weight ratio by reductive amination reaction. The resulting copolymer (PLL‐g‐HA) was mixed with various amounts of DNA in 154 mM NaCl. Inter‐polyelectrolyte complex formation between PLL‐g‐HA and DNA exhibited minimal self‐aggregation, explaining the highly soluble nature of the complex. Complex formation between PLL‐g‐HA and DNA was further assessed with a gel retardation assay. The titration point representing the minimum proportion of PLL‐g‐HA required to retard the DNA completely occurred at a 1:1 copolymer (based on PLL) to DNA charge ratio. Following intravenous injection of 32P‐labeled pSV β‐Gal plasmid complexed to PLL‐g‐HA in Wistar rats, >90% of the injected counts were shown to be taken up by the liver. Further, it was shown that the PLL‐g‐HA/DNA complex was distributed exclusively in the SEC. At 72 h after injection of 90 μg of pSV β‐Gal in a PLL‐g‐HA‐complexed form, a large number of SEC expressing β‐galactosidase were detected. So, the PLL‐g‐HA/DNA system permits targeted delivery of exogenous nucleotide agents selectively to the liver SEC, providing a novel strategy for manipulation of SEC functions.
Blockade of renin–angiotensin system in antifibrotic therapy
Authors: Yoshiji Hitoshi , Kuriyama Shigeki , Fukui Hiroshi 
Published: May 2007

AbstractRecent studies have shown that the renin–angiotensin system (RAS) plays a pivotal role in liver fibrosis. An intrahepatic RAS is expressed in chronically damaged livers, and angiotensin‐II (AT‐II) reportedly stimulates contraction and proliferation of the activated hepatic stellate cells (Ac‐HSC), and increases the transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) expression through angiotensin type‐I receptors (AT1‐R). Some studies have demonstrated that the clinically used angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor (ACE‐I), and AT1‐R blockers (ARB) significantly attenuated experimental liver fibrosis along with suppression of the Ac‐HSC and hepatic TGF‐β expression. Angiotensin‐II also stimulates the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases‐1 (TIMP‐1) in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner via protein kinase‐C as an intracellular signaling cascade in the Ac‐HSC, and these effects are completely suppressed by ARB. Combination treatment with low‐dose interferon (IFN) and ACE‐I exerts a stronger inhibitory effect than either single agent on its own. In humans it has been reported that ARB markedly improved the liver fibrosis score and TGF‐β expression in patients with chronic hepatitis C and non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis. Serum fibrosis markers also significantly improved by treatment with low‐dose IFN and ACE‐I in patients with chronic hepatitis C, refractory to IFN monotherapy. Collectively, these data suggest that the interaction between AT‐II and AT1‐R plays a pivotal role in liver fibrosis development. Because both ACE‐I and ARB are widely used in clinical practice without serious side‐effects, these drugs in combination with IFN may provide a new strategy for antifibrosis therapy.
Fatal Malonyl CoA Decarboxylase Deficiency Due to Maternal Uniparental Isodisomy of the Telomeric End of Chromosome 16
Authors: Malvagia S. , Papi L. , Morrone A. , Donati M. A. , Ciani F. , Pasquini E. , La Marca G. , Scholte H. R. , Genuardi M. , Zammarchi E. 
Published: May 2007

SummaryMalonic aciduria is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by deficiency of malonyl‐CoA decarboxylase, encoded by the MLYCD gene.We report on a patient with clinical presentation in the neonatal period. Metabolic investigations led to a diagnosis of malonyl‐CoA decarboxylase deficiency, confirmed by decreased activity in cultured fibroblasts. High doses of carnitine and a diet low in lipids led to a reduction in malonic acid excretion, and to an improvement in his clinical conditions, but at the age of 4 months he died suddenly and unexpectedly. No autopsy was performed.Molecular analysis of the MLYCD gene performed on the proband's RNA and genomic DNA identified a previously undescribed mutation (c.772–775delACTG) which was homozygous. This mutation was present in his mother but not in his father; paternity was confirmed by microsatellite analysis. A hypothesis of maternal uniparental disomy (UPD) was investigated using fourteen microsatellite markers on chromosome 16, and the results confirmed maternal UPD. Maternal isodisomy of the 16q24 region led to homozygosity for the MLYCD mutant allele, causing the patient's disease. These findings are relevant for genetic counselling of couples with a previously affected child, since the recurrence risk in future pregnancies is dramatically reduced by the finding of UPD. In addition, since the patient had none of the clinical manifestations previously associated with maternal UPD 16, this case provides no support for the existence of maternally imprinted genes on chromosome 16 with a major effect on phenotype.
Isolation and characterization of microsatellites in lane snapper (Lutjanus synagris), mutton snapper (Lutjanus analis), and yellowtail snapper (Ocyurus chrysurus)
Authors: RENSHAW MARK A. , KARLSSON STEN , GOLD JOHN R. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractPolymerase chain reaction primer pairs for a total of 25 nuclear‐encoded microsatellites (loci) were developed from genomic DNA libraries of lane snapper (Lutjanus synagris), mutton snapper (Lutjanus analis), and yellowtail snapper (Ocyurus chrysurus). The microsatellites include 24 perfect (21 dinucleotide and three trinucleotide) and one imperfect (combination tetranucleotide/tetranucleotide) repeat motifs. A total of 32 individuals of each species were assayed for allelic variation at all 25 microsatellites; reliable amplification products were generated for lane snapper (25 loci), mutton snapper (21 loci), and yellowtail snapper (24 loci). Significant deviations from Hardy–Weinberg expectations, following Bonferroni corrections, were found for one microsatellite in lane and yellowtail snappers, and for three microsatellites in mutton snapper. All pairwise comparisons of microsatellites (all three species) did not deviate significantly from genotypic equilibrium.
Isolation and characterization of 17 polymorphic microsatellites in grass carp
Authors: LI JIA LE , ZHU ZE YUAN , WANG GUI LING , BAI ZHI YI , YUE GEN HUA 
Published: May 2007

AbstractHere we report the isolation and characterization of 17 polymorphic loci isolated from a partial genomic DNA library of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) enriched for CA repeats. We tested variability of these microsatellites on 24 unrelated individuals collected in China. All microsatellites were polymorphic. The average allele number was 7.9 per locus, ranging from four to 13. The observed heterozygosity was from 0.46 to 0.88 with an average of 0.71, whereas the average expected heterozygosity was 0.78. Sixteen of the 17 microsatellites conformed to Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium, and inherited independently. These microsatellites can be used to study genetic diversity and population structure of wild populations, and facilitate selective breeding of cultured broodstocks.
Characterization of 11 microsatellite loci derived from genomic sequences of polychaete Capitella capitata complex
Authors: DU HONGWEI , HAN JIE , LIN KUIXUAN , QU XIAOMING , WANG WEI 
Published: May 2007

AbstractEleven microsatellite loci derived from the genomic sequence data of Capitella capitata were characterized using 30 samples. The observed number of alleles per locus ranged from four to 36. The levels of observed and expected heterozygosities for polymorphic loci were from 0.10 to 0.87 and from 0.37 to 0.98, averaging 0.52 and 0.77, respectively. Analyses of Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium and genotypic linkage disequilibrium suggest the possible presence of both null alleles and Wahlund effect. One of the 11 loci was difficult to amplify for genotyping. Therefore, the rest 10 loci are good molecular markers for population genetic analysis.
Ageing and environmental factors affect PCR success in wolf (Canis lupus) excremental DNA samples
Authors: SANTINI ALBERTO , LUCCHINI VITTORIO , FABBRI ELENA , RANDI ETTORE 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIndividual genotypes determined from noninvasive DNA samples (typically extracted from shed hairs or scats) are used to estimate population size in monitoring projects of elusive species. However, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) success rates usually are lower, and genotyping errors higher than in standard population genetic surveys, due to DNA degradation or contamination in aged field samples. In this study, we evaluate the results of common garden experiments showing that DNA degradation is significant in wolf (Canis lupus) scats older than 3 days, and it is enhanced in scats in direct contact with soil. A storage test showed that samples kept frozen in 95% ethanol performed better compared to other methods. However, variance of PCR success among samples was high, independent on sample age or storage condition. The detrimental consequences of DNA degradation can be avoided by collecting scat samples as fresh as possible, and implementing efficient multitube procedures and stringent quality control of the laboratory results. Efficient multitube procedures can produce reliable data, like in this study, which showed that the consensus genotypes obtained from excremental DNA exactly matched distinct reference genotypes obtained from wolf blood samples.
Successful etanercept therapy in therapy refractory acrodermatitis continua suppurativa Hallopeau
Authors: Weisshaar Elke , Diepgen Thomas L. 
Published: May 2007

SummaryA 50‐year‐old patient presented with erythema, vesicles and pustules as well as interphalangeal joint pain. Acrodermatitis continua suppurativa Hallopeau was diagnosed. She was treated topically with glucocorticos‐teroids, calcitriol, calcipotriol, tacrolimus and bath‐PUVA therapy without any clear benefit. Systemic acitretin 0.75 mg/kg daily led to improvement but complete resolution could never be achieved.Because of acitretin‐induced mucosal side effects and hair loss, the dose was reduced to 20 mg/d alternating with 10 mg/d. The disease flared again. Additional therapy with etanercept 2 x 25 mg subcutaneously weekly was started. Within four weeks all symptoms resolved. The joint pain disappeared and the nail growth improved. After six months, etanercept therapy was discontinued. Two weeks later the first rebound of pustules occurred. Etanercept was restarted and the patient cleared rapidly. Etanercept therapy can be a useful therapeutic approach in refractory acrodermatitis continua suppurativa Hallopeau.
Viewpoint: Use of King's Conceptual System, Nursing Informatics, and Nursing Classification Systems for Global Communication
Authors: Killeen Mary B. , King Imogene M. 
Published: May 2007

PURPOSE.  To propose a common nursing language for communication among members of the nursing community worldwide. DATA SOURCES.  The Taxonomy of Nursing Practice, nursing informatics literature, King's Theory of Goal Attainment applied to the nursing process. DATA SYNTHESIS.  Several milestones in nursing in the 20th century indicated the need for a universal language for nursing. The nursing process provides a method for synthesis of nursing data, information, and knowledge and is congruent with Imogene King's Theory of Goal Attainment. CONCLUSIONS.  The authors advocate for a common nursing language (nursing classification and terminology systems) that would unify nurses worldwide. Supported by nursing theory and technology, global communication would be enhanced for nurses and the interdisciplinary teams of which they are a part. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE.  Use of Imogene King's Conceptual System and Theory of Goal Attainment and the nursing specialty of Nursing Informatics are examples of nursing theory and technology to frame global communication.
The genetic diversity of rhizobia associated withDalea purpureaVent. in fragmented grasslands of west-central Minnesota
Authors: Mártir M.C. , Tlusty B. , van Berkum P. , Graham P.H. 
Published: May 2007

The increase in human population and the spread of agriculture over the past 150 years have transformed the landscape in west-central Minnesota into a mosaic of agricultural fields and urban land, leaving only remnants of the once dominant prairie ecosystem. Limited natural habitat in this fragmented landscape threatens the diversity and abundance of native legumes and could impact the size and function of associated belowground microbial populations. In this study, BOXA1R PCR and 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses were used to assess the genetic diversity of rhizobia associated with Dalea purpurea (Vent.) in nine prairie remnants ranging in size from 0.04 to 3.5 ha. The variation in soil properties was also determined. While 53 different genotypes of rhizobia were identified, four of these accounted for 84% of the 1029 rhizobia characterized using BOXA1R PCR. Representatives from three of the four dominant genotypes had a 16S rRNA gene sequence similar to that of Rhizobium gallicum , with two of these genotypes recovered at all sites. The fourth genotype was similar to that of Rhizobium etli and occurred with frequency at only two sites. Rhizobium genotype richness and site area were positively correlated. The implications of these results are discussed.
Culture ofHelicobacter pylorifrom stool samples in children
Authors: Falsafi Tahereh , Valizadeh Nargess , Najafi Mehri , Ehsani Azadeh , Khani Afsaneh , Landarani Zahra , Falahi Zahra 
Published: May 2007

We evaluated two protocols for isolation of Helicobacter pylori in stool from biopsied and nonbiopsied children. Twenty-three child patients whose presumptive positivity or negativity was diagnosed by endoscopy and a rapid urease test at site were used to compare biopsy-based tests with stool-based tests (H. pylori stool antigen test and stool culture). Their gastric activity and bacterial density were graded by the updated Sydney system. Biopsy and stool specimens were cultured on Campy-blood and Belo horizonte agar plates after enrichment in selective Campy-Thio medium. To compare two stool culture protocols, stools from 20 nonbiopsied children were tested by the HpSA test and cultured either as above or after treatment with cholestyramine. Grown colonies were screened by Gram staining, slide agglutination using anti-H. pylori monoclonal IgG; positive isolates were tested by biochemical tests and polymerase chain reaction for H. pylori-specific ureA gene. Coccoid H. pylori was isolated in stool samples from the biopsied patients whose bacterial density was two to four in histology. Their oxidase was slightly positive but became positive after two subcultures, while additional biochemical tests confirmed the isolation of H. pylori. Similar coccoid but oxidase positive H. pylori was isolated from three nonbiopsied children with the protocol of cholestyramine treatment only. The density of bacteria in the stomach may influence the recovery of H. pylori from stool; inactivation of bile with cholestyramine improves the yield in culture and favors isolation of an enhanced metabolic form of bacteria.
Optimization of 6-carboxy-X-rhodamine concentration for real-time polymerase chain reaction using molecular beacon chemistry
Authors: Wang Gehua , Becker Erin , Mesa Christine 
Published: May 2007

The optimal 6-carboxy-X-rhodamine (ROX) concentration, which is used as a passive reference dye for real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with molecular beacon chemistry, was determined with the Mx4000™ Multiplex Quantitative PCR System. Additionally, the effects of changing ROX concentrations on PCR reproducibility, Ct values, and efficiency were investigated with this system by using the PCR data obtained from amplification of the Escherichia coli shiga toxin 2 (stx2) gene and the Campylobacter jejuni luxS gene. This study indicated that different ROX concentrations influence many aspects of the real-time PCR reaction. ROX concentration variation could have consequences in the analysis of quantitative data and may lead to erroneous results. This study further indicated that the optimal ROX concentration is 60 nmol/L for real-time PCR, using molecular beacon chemistry for PCR assay of luxS and stx2 genes.
Grammatical Processing without Semantics? An Event-related Brain Potential Study of Preschoolers using Jabberwocky Sentences
Authors: Silva-Pereyra Juan , Conboy Barbara T. , Klarman Lindsay , Kuhl Patricia K. 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
Behavioral studies have demonstrated that children develop a nearly adult-like grammar between 36 and 42 months, but few studies have addressed how the child's brain processes semantic versus syntactic information. In previous research, Silva-Pereyra and colleagues showed that distinct event-related potentials (ERPs) are elicited by semantic and syntactic violations in sentences in children as young as 30, 36, and 48 months, following the patterns displayed by adults. In the current study, we examined ERPs to syntactic phrase structure violations in real and jabberwocky sentences in 36-month-old children. Jabberwocky sentences are sentences in which content (open-class) words are replaced by pseudowords while function (closed-class) words are retained. Results showed that syntactically anomalous real sentences elicited two positive ERP effects: left-distributed effects from 500 to 750 msec and 1050 to 1300 msec, whereas syntactically anomalous jabberwocky sentences elicited two negative ERP effects: a left-distributed effect from 750 to 900 msec and a later broadly distributed effect from 950 to 1150 msec. The results indicate that when preschoolers process real English sentences, ERPs resembling the positive effects previously reported for adults are noted, although at longer latencies and with broader scalp distributions. However, when preschoolers process jabberwocky sentences with altered lexical-semantic content, a negative-going ERP component similar to one typically associated with the extraction of meaning is noted.
When “3” is a Jerk and “E” is a King: Personifying Inanimate Objects in Synesthesia
Authors: Smilek Daniel , Malcolmson Kelly A. , Carriere Jonathan S. A. , Eller Meghan , Kwan Donna , Reynolds Michael 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
We report a case study of an individual (TE) for whom inanimate objects, such as letters, numbers, simple shapes, and even furniture, are experienced as having rich and detailed personalities. TE reports that her object-personality pairings are stable over time, occur independent of her intentions, and have been there for as long as she can remember. In these respects, her experiences are indicative of synesthesia. Here we show that TE's object-personality pairings are very consistent across test-retest, even for novel objects. A qualitative analysis of TE's personality descriptions revealed that her personifications are extremely detailed and multi-dimensional, and that her personifications of familiar and novel objects differ in specific ways. We also found that TE's eye movements can be biased by the emotional associations she has with letters and numbers. These findings demonstrate that synesthesia can involve complex semantic personifications, which can influence visual attention. Finally, we propose a neural model of normal personification and the unusual personifications that accompany object-personality synesthesia.