bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of a calculolytic diet in female dogs with induced struvite urolithiasis
Authors: Abdullahi Shehu U. , Osborne Carl A. , Leininger Joel R. , Fletcher Thomas F. , Griffith Donald P. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The calculolytic effect of a diet designed to reduce the urine concentration of urea, P, and Mg was evaluated in female Beagles with induced urease-positive urinary tract infections and struvite urolithiasis and in female Beagles with induced sterile struvite urolithiasis. The reduced-protein calculolytic diet induced urolith dissolution in 5 of 6 infected dogs with struvite urolithiasis in 2 to 5 months (X = 14.4 weeks). At the end of 6 months, uroliths in comparable control dogs fed a maintenance diet were 5 times larger and 14 times heavier than at the beginning of the study. The calculolytic diet induced urolith dissolution in 6 of 6 noninfected dogs with struvite uroliths in 2 to 4 weeks (X = 3.3 weeks). Four uroliths in noninfected dogs fed the maintenance diet dissolved over a period of 2 to 5 months (X = 14 weeks).
Urolith dissolution in dogs fed the calculolytic diet was associated with diet-induced diuresis, reduction in urine pH, reduction in urine concentration of urea ammonia, P, and Mg, and increase in urine titratable acidity.
Consumption of the calculolytic diet was also associated with significant (P = < 0.01) reduction in the serum concentration of urea and albumin and a significant (P = < 0.01) increase in serum hepatic alkaline phosphatase activity. Concomitant occurrence of hydropic degeneration of hepatocytes indicated that these biochemical and morphologic changes were associated with dietary protein restriction.
Epidemiology of bovine brucellosis in the Mexicali Valley, Mexico: Literature review of disease-associated factors
Authors: Salman Mowafak D. , Meyer Margaret E. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The world literature was searched to document the variables known to affect the initiation, spread, maintenance, and/or control of bovine brucellosis. Each variable was classified into 1 of 3 categories, depending upon whether it was related to the animal population, to management, or to the biology of the disease. These variables were documented and categorized as the initial step for a quantitative path analysis on the epidemiology of bovine brucellosis in a defined geographic area in northern Mexico.
Effects of oxytetracycline in propylene glycol, oxytetracycline in saline solution, and propylene glycol alone on blood ionized calcium and plasma total calcium in sheep
Authors: Button C. , Mülders M. S. G. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Intravenous injection of oxytetracycline HCl (otc) in propylene glycol (pg), otc in saline solution, and pg alone in sheep had no significant (P < 0.01) effects on total plasma calcium concentrations over a 60-minute period. In contrast, ionized calcium concentrations in whole blood were significantly (P < 0.01) depressed for approximately 3 minutes after otc in pg and otc in saline solution, iv. A slight depression of ionized calcium concentrations was noticed after injection of pg alone. Seemingly, calcium chelation by otc may be a major factor in the collapse syndrome of ungulates given preparations containing otc by rapid iv injection.
Evidence for plasmid DNA in Alcaligenes faecalis
Authors: Luginbuhl G. H. , Rader J. M. , Simmons D. G. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A 10.6 megadalton plasmid was isolated from a virulent strain (NC-D) of Alcaligenes faecalis. Virulence and antibiotic sensitivity of this strain were compared with those characteristics of a mutant plasmid-free derivative, strain NC-D1. Strain NC-D1 was avirulent and lacked the streptomycin and sulfonamide resistances of the parent strain.
The importance of dietary antigen in the cause of postweaning diarrhea in pigs
Authors: Miller B. G. , Newby T. J. , Stokes C. R. , Hampson D. J. , Brown P. J. , Bourne F. J. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Food was given to pigs before weaning to determine whether a hypersensitive response to dietary antigen might be a predisposing factor to postweaning diarrhea. Small amounts of food increased the severity and accelerated the onset of postweaning diarrhea. Postweaning diarrhea was dependent on the presence within the diet of antigenic material (bovine casein). A weaning diet, containing little antigenic material (hydrolyzed casein), had less effect on sucrase concentration in intestinal brush borders than did diets rich in antigens (native casein). Seemingly, immune-mediated intestinal damage may predispose the pig to postweaning diarrhea.
In vitro and in vivo detection of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus in fish by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
Authors: Hattori M. , Kodama H. , Ishiguro S. , Honda A. , Mikami T. , Izawa H. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A double antibody enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was used to detect infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (ipnv). The elisa detected VR299 strain of ipnv at a dose of 10 to 20 ng of purified ipnv protein or 104 tcid50 in tissue culture fluid. Specificity of elisa was demonstrated by an elisa inhibition test. The elisa did not detect infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus. Normal cell culture fluid and virus-noninoculated rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri Richardson) homogenate did not react in the test system. The ipnv was detected in rainbow trout fry inoculated with ipnv. Although infective virus titer in fish decreased rapidly 1 week after inoculation, ipnv antigen was detected by elisa for 15 days. The ipnv antigen was detected in the fish tissue after inactivation of infective virus. The elisa is a rapid and reliable method for the diagno-sis of ipnv infection.
Control of bovine coccidiosis with monensin: In nonresistant newborn calves
Authors: Fitzgerald Paul R. , Mansfield Manford E. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Newborn Holstein male calves were purchased within 3 days after birth and were removed from the local farms to the Dixon Springs Agricultural Research Center. They were hand-fed for 7 weeks and then weaned to a prepared feed. Eight groups, each of 4 calves, were housed in separate pens. In each of 4 pens (pens 2 to 5), 1 calf was inoculated with sporulated oocysts of Eimeria bovis (and was not medicated); 1 calf was inoculated and given feed with added monensin at the dosage level of 10 g/906 kg of feed; and 2 calves were inoculated and given medicated feed with added monensin at the dosage level of 20 g/906 kg or 30 g/906 kg. In the 4 other pens (6 to 9), the calves were inoculated with E zuernii and otherwise were given feed without or with added monensin as in pens 2 through 5. Another group of 5 calves (all kept in 1 pen), served as noninoculated, nonmedicated controls.
At 14 days after inoculations with E bovis, the single calves in each of the 4 pens that were given the nonmedicated feed began to show clinical signs of coccidiosis and discharged increasing numbers of oocysts. The other inoculated calves (given monensin) had fewer clinical signs and discharged fewer oocysts in the feces as the level of medication in the feed increased. The calves inoculated with E zuernii developed only moderately severe infections when compared with those inoculated with E bovis, Inoculated (with E bovis) nonmedicated calves had severe reductions in feed consumption and weight, and 3 of 4 died. Calves given feed containing 10 g of monensin also had reductions in feed consumption and weight loss, but none died. Calves given feed containing 20 or 30 g of monensin had only slightly reduced feed consumption and no weight loss when compared with the noninoculated controls.
Intranasal vaccination of pigs against pseudorabies: Absence of vaccinal virus latency and failure to prevent latency of virulent virus
Authors: van Oirschot J. T. , Gielkens A. L. J. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The avirulent Bartha's K strain of pseudorabies virus (prv) was used to vaccinate 8 pigs at 10 weeks of age by the intranasal route (experiment 1). On postvaccination days(pvd) 63 and 91, pigs were treated with corticosteroids. Viral shedding could not be detected. Explant cultures of trigeminal ganglia and tonsils did not produce virus.
Four pigs with maternal antibody were vaccinated intranasally with Bartha's (attenuated) K strain of prv at 10 weeks of age and were challenge exposed with a virulent strain of prv on pvd 63 (experiment 2). Corticosteroid treatment, starting on postchallenge exposure day 70 (pvd 133) resulted in viral shedding in 1 of 4 pigs. In another pig of these 4, a 2nd corticosteroid treatment was required to trigger reactivation. In both pigs, sufficient reactivated virus was excreted to infect susceptible sentinel pigs. Restriction endonuclease analysis indicated that viruses isolated from the 2 pigs after challenge exposure and corticosteroid treatment were indistinguishable from the virulent virus. Evidence was not obtained for simultaneous excretion of vaccinal and virulent virus.
Of 4 pigs without maternal antibody vaccinated twice with 1 of 2 inactivated prv vaccines, challenge exposed on pvd 84, and treated with corticosteroids on postchallenge exposure day 63 (pvd 147), 1 was latently infected, as evidenced by the shedding of prv (experiment 3). However, its sentinel pig remained noninfected.
Seemingly, vaccinal virus could not be reactivated from vaccinated pigs; intranasal or parenteral vaccination failed to prevent the establishment of latency by virulent prv.
An ultraviolet-attenuated egg vaccine for swine ascariasis: Parameters affecting the development of protective immunity
Authors: Urban J. F. , Tromba F. G. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Pigs inoculated with uv-irradiated Ascaris suum eggs developed immunity against challenge exposure with A suum infective eggs. Trials were conducted to determine the optimal conditions necessary to induce high levels of protective immunity and minimize liver lesions related to larval migration. Protective immunity was defined as the percentage of reduction in the recovery of larvae from the lungs of inoculated pigs, compared with controls, 7 days after challenge exposure with 5 × 103 or 104 infective eggs. Initial experiments showed that protective immunity was higher in pigs inoculated orally with uv-irradiated eggs than in those inoculated intraperitoneally. The highest level of protection (94%) was obtained by immunization with 5 oral inoculations of 104 eggs that had been uv-irradiated at total energy doses (et) of 150, 100, 75, 75, and 75 μ W-min/cm2, respectively. A level of 83% protection was induced with as few as 2 oral inoculations of eggs irradiated at 150 and 75 et, respectively. However, protection was reduced when pigs received eggs that were irradiated at and above 400 et. The minimum number of irradiated eggs required to induce significant (P < 0.05) protection was determined by feeding pigs 104, 103, or 102 eggs irradiated on 3 consecutive weeks at 150, 100 and 75 et; the levels of protection induced were 94%, 89%, and 83%, respectively. Pigs inoculated with equal numbers of uv-irradiated eggs or normal eggs developed a similar level of protective immunity after challenge exposure. However, worms developing from the inocula were detected in the intestines of some of those pigs that had received normal eggs, but not in those pigs given uv-irradiated eggs. Peripheral blood lymphocytes from pigs inoculated with increasing numbers of uv-irradiated eggs had a corresponding dose-related increase in the blastogenic response to larval-derived metabolic antigens in vitro. Evidence is presented indicating that inoculation of pigs with uv-irradiated eggs may beagood experimental model ofacquired immunity to A suum because of its simplicity, reproducibility, compatibility with exposure to normal eggs, and its quantitation in vitro by immunologic analysis.
Glycosylated albumin and serum protein in diabetic dogs
Authors: Mahaffey E. A. , Buonanno A. M. , Cornelius L. M. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Glycosylated albumin and glycosylated protein in serum were measured in 4 well-controlled diabetic dogs, 4 poorly controlled diabetic dogs, and 21 nondiabetic dogs. Concentrations of both glycosylated components in the well-controlled dogs were similar to those in nondiabetic dogs. Serum concentrations of glycosylated albumin and protein in the poorly controlled diabetic dogs were higher (P < 0.001) than those of the nondiabetic and well-controlled diabetic dogs. Because of the essentially irreversible nature of the glycosylation reaction and the relatively short turnover time of albumin and other serum proteins, measurements of glycosylated serum components may provide an index of glycemia during the preceding days or weeks.
Effect of ivermectin in heifers on mortality and egg production of Psoroptes ovis
Authors: Wright Fred C. , Guillot Frank S. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Ten stanchioned heifers, heavily infested with Psoroptes ovis (Hering), were each given a single subcutaneous injection of 200 μg of ivermectin/kg. Another 10 heavily infested heifers (stanchioned) were injected subcutaneously with the solvent system (vehicle) used to formulate the ivermectin. Treatment with the vehicle did not reduce mite populations or total egg counts. The 10 heifers treated with ivermectin had an immediate reduction in live mite and egg counts (an increase in the percentage of mortality of mites) and were completely free of psoroptic mites by 20 days after treatment. Ivermectin was equally effective against adult and immature psoroptic mites.
Extracellular virulence factors of fish Vibrio: Relationships between toxic material, hemolysin, and proteolytic enzyme
Authors: Kodama Hiroshi , Moustafa Mohamed , Ishiguro Shinryo , Mikami Takeshi , Izawa Hisao 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Biological activities of cell-free culture filtrate of 3 virulent strains of fish Vibrio were examined to determine the relationship to the pathogenesis of fish vibriosis, Among the 3 strains examined, V anguillarum strains NCMB6 and NCMB571 produced hemolysin and protease, whereas V ordalii strain N7802 did not. Culture filtrate of strain NCMB571 were lethal to rainbow trout and produced a cytotoxic effect on fish cell line. Results revealed that the extracellular products may be involved in the pathogenesis of fish vibriosis.
Electro-olfactography: A technique with potential for diagnosis of anosmia in the dog
Authors: Myers Lawrence J. , Nash Renee , Elledge Holly S. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Diagnosis of olfactory dysfunction in the dog has been rare. Few techniques for this diagnosis are available.
Electro-olfactography, an electrophysiologic technique for evaluating the function of the olfactory mucosa, was developed as a relatively noninvasive technique for diagnosis of functional abnormalities of the olfactory mucosa in mesatocephalic canines. The technique was validated by several experiments and normative values for the electro-olfactogram were obtained.
Surgical technique to cannulate the rete testis of the goat
Authors: Brown B. G. , Kogelschatz E. R. , Gray B. W. , Garrett P. D. , Ganjam V. K. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A surgical technique was devised to collect rete testis fluid from 14 mature goats. The tubular portion of the extratesticular rete testis was cannulated where it penetrated the tunica albuginea of the testis under the center of the head of the epididymis. The tip of the cannula was sutured in place in the extratesticular rete testis and the opposite end was passed through the scrotum and into a plastic collection bottle. The bottle was glued to pillow ticking, which was sutured to the scrotum. Continuous flow of rete testis fluid occurred for 0 to 14 days and was usually terminated by a sperm clot in the cannula. The flow rate was 0.59 ± 0.37 ml/hr.
Equine cell-mediated immune response to Rhodococcus (Corynebacterium) equi
Authors: Ellenberger Mary A. , Kaeberle Merlin L. , Roth James A. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A lymphocyte blastogenic assay was developed to serve as an in vitro correlate of cell-mediated immunity to Rhodococcus (Corynebacterium) equi (R equi) in the equine species. Lymphocytes obtained from a group of experimental ponies showed no response in cell culture to R equi heat extract or lysozyme extract antigens. Ponies were assigned to groups for experimental inoculation. Three ponies were inoculated subcutaneously with live R equi, 3 were given live R equi by intranasal and intratracheal routes, and 4 ponies were left untreated. Lymphocytes from all inoculated ponies had a mitogenic response to R equi antigens in lymphocyte blastogenic assays performed between the 7th and 40th days after inoculation. Lymphocytes from noninoculated control ponies remained unresponsive to R equi antigens. Delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions developed in all experimentally exposed ponies after intradermal administration of the R equi antigen preparations. In a 2nd phase of experimentation, blastogenesis assays were performed on lymphocytes from horses in herds with endemic R equi infections. Results indicated that many of the animals had significant (stimulation index > 2) cell-mediated responses to the bacterium, but there was no distinct correlation between the immune response and clinical history. These data indicated that cell-mediated immunity is involved in the interaction of the equine immune system with R equi.
Equine humoral immune response to Rhodococcus (Corynebacterium) equi
Authors: Ellenberger Mary A. , Kaeberle Merlin L. , Roth James A. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was developed to test equine serum for the presence of antibodies to Rhodococcus (Corynebacterium) equi. Experimental ponies had no detectable antibody to R equi before exposure to the bacterium. After experimental inoculation, animals in groups that received live R equi subcutaneously or intranasally/intratracheally developed high titers to R equi. Noninoculated controls remained seronegative. Serum was also collected from horses of various ages that were naturally exposed to R equi. There was a wide range of anti-R equi titers in these horses. Because experimentally infected horses seroconverted when some naturally infected foals did not seroconvert, the function of antibody in resistance to R equi infection remains unknown.
Free fatty acid-induced hypocalcemia in food-deprived dairy cattle
Authors: Stevens J. B. , Olson W. G. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Food deprivation in 6 dairy cows caused significant increases (P > F = 0.0054) in serum free fatty acid concentrations, but did not cause clinically important decreases in serum ionized calcium concentration. Several determinants, including blood pH, serum albumin, and serum bicarbonate were studied as factors that could potentially alter calcium ion concentration. Although several changes were significant, they were small and were not considered to be clinically important in the context of calcium-ion binding. It was concluded that free fatty acid binding of calcium ion did occur, but that such binding did not contribute significantly to the etiopathogenesis of calcium responsive midlactational downer cow syndrome.
Antimicrobic effects of Lactobacillus fermentation on edible waste material contaminated with infected carcasses
Authors: Shotts E. B. , Wooley R. E. , Dickens J. A. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Survival of Newcastle disease virus (ndv) and Salmonella enteritidis serovar typhimurium (introduced as infected carcasses) in Lactobacillusfermented edible waste material was studied to determine the ability of the fermentation to activate disease agents in carcasses. Two trials were conducted. In the 1st trial, the fermented wastes contained 20% infected carcasses (protein) consisting of equal numbers of chicken (ndv) and rat (Salmonella) carcasses, and the 2nd trial contained 40% carcasses (protein). Mixtures were incubated at 20 C, 30 C, and 40 C for 216 hours. Samples were obtained daily for quantitative virus and bacterial isolation. Temperature, pH, and redox potential were monitored. In both trials, pH and redox potential changes occurred between 24 and 48 hours depending on the incubation temperature. In both trials, ndv survived 4 days at 20 C, 2 days at 30 C, and 1 day at 40 C. Salmonella enteritidis serovar typhimurium survived 5 days at 20 C, 1 day at 30 C, and was not isolated from the 40 C samples after 24 hours in both trials.
Toxicologic studies with lambs fed sugar beets grown on municipal sludge-amended soil: Lowered relative hemoglobin in red blood cells and mutagens in blood and excreta
Authors: Telford J. N. , Babish J. G. , Dunham P. B. , Hogue D. E. , Miller K. W. , Stoewsand G. S. , Magee B. H. , Stouffer J. R. , Bache C. A. , Lisk D. J. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Sugar beets grown on municipal sludge-amended soil were fed to growing lambs for 66 days. The relative hemoglobin content was significantly lower (P < 0.05) in the lambs fed the sludge-grown sugar beets. The concentration of direct-acting mutagens was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than controls in blood and urine of the lambs fed the sludge-grown beets. Cadmium concentration was higher, but not significantly (P > 0.05) in the livers and kidneys of the lambs fed the sludge-grown beets as compared with controls. Significant differences between treatment groups were not observed in active or passive K+ influxes in rbc; in the activity of hepatic microsomal aniline hydroxylase in p-nitroanisole-O-demethylase, aminopyrene-N-demethylase, or arylhydrocarbon hydroxylase; in tissue ultrastructure of kidney, liver, or muscle as examined by electron microscopy; or in carcass weight, dressing percentage, quality, or yield grade.
Influence of endotoxin-induced fever on the pharmacokinetics of gentamicin in ewes
Authors: Wilson Robert C. , Goetsch Dennis D. , Huber Thomas L. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The pharmacokinetics of gentamicin (3 mg/kg of body weight) were evaluated in 6 adult ewes before and after fever was induced with Escherichia coli endotoxin (1 μg/ kg). In the ewes with normal rectal temperature, significant (P < 0.05) increases in rectal temperature occurred before gentamicin injection and during the first 2 hours. Other mild clinical signs of fever also were present.
In the same ewes with endotoxm-induced fever, statistically (P < 0.05) increased gentamicin concentrations occurred at 15 and 40 minutes and at 6 hours after injection of gentamicin. Changes were not observed in the apparent volume of distribution calculated by the area method, the volume of distribution at steady state, the overall biological half-life, or body clearance. Significant (P < 0.05) reductions occurred in the zero time intercept for distribution, the distribution rate constant, the concentration in plasma at time of injection, the volume of the peripheral compartment, and the first order transfer rate constants; only the volume of the central compartment was increased. Total amounts of gentamicin were increased in the central compartment and decreased in the peripheral or tissue compartment.