bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimating the timing of stillbirths in countries worldwide using a Bayesian hierarchical penalized splines regression model
Authors: Chong Michael Y C , Alexander Monica 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Reducing the global burden of stillbirths is important to improving child and maternal health. Of interest is understanding patterns in the timing of stillbirths—that is, whether they occur before the onset of labour (antepartum) or during labour (intrapartum)—because stillbirths that occur intrapartum are largely preventable. However, data availability on the timing of stillbirths is highly variable across the world, with low- and middle-income countries generally having few reliable observations. In this paper, we develop a Bayesian penalized splines regression framework to estimate the proportion of stillbirths that are intrapartum for all countries worldwide. The model accounts for known relationships with neonatal mortality, pools information across geographic regions, incorporates different errors based on data attributes, and allows for data-driven temporal trends. A weighting procedure is proposed to account for unrepresentative subnational data. Results suggest that the intrapartum proportion is generally decreasing over time, but progress is slower in some regions, particularly Sub-Saharan Africa.
(PM-09) PIONEERING SEXUAL HEALTH SERVICES IN NORTHEAST BRAZIL: AN EXPERIENTIAL ACCOUNT
Authors: Santos L A , Braga C M , Contin P R 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Sexual dysfunctions remain inadequately addressed in medical education, despite their prevalence and adverse impact on quality of life. In Brazil, there are scarce university-affiliated healthcare centers that focus on sexual health. These services play a critical role in diagnosing and managing sexual disorders and can be pivotal in the training of healthcare professionals, as well as in the advancement of research and outreach in sexual medicine.

Objective
To describe the experience of establishing two sexual health centers in university-affiliated hospitals in Northeastern Brazil.

Method
This is an experiential report detailing the establishment of two distinct sexual health services.

Results
Both sexual health services started in different general hospitals in 2021, founded by a male and a female psychiatrists, authors of this paper. The initiative was prompted by the lack of dedicated sexual health services and the awareness of substantial patient distress stemming from sexual issues. Activities include patient consultations, case discussions, sexology seminars, and research project development, involving medical students and resident physicians, integrated into the psychiatry residency curriculum Referrals come mainly from other hospital specialties, but external referrals are also accepted. Collaboration with other healthcare professionals occurs through the analysis of clinical cases.

Conclusion
The establishment of sexual health services within university-affiliated hospitals has a positive impact on patient care and contributes to the study of sexual medicine, an area often overlooked in medical education. Improvements are needed in patient recruitment, counter-referral procedures, and the systematic incorporation of medical student rotations. While these services hold promise, they require greater integration with other healthcare services and a closer collaboration with undergraduate medical education.

Financing
No conflict.
NACs strike again: NOR-like1 is responsible for cuticle development in tomato fruit
Authors: Gapper Nigel E 
Published: March 2024

This article comments on:
Liu G-S, Huang H, Grierson D, Gao Y, Ji X, Peng Z-Z, Li H-L, Niu X-L, Jia W, He J-L, Xiang L-T, Gao H-Y, Qu G-Q, Zhu H-L, Zhu B-Z, Luo Y-B, Fu D-Q. 2024. NAC transcription factor SlNOR-like1 plays a dual regulatory role in tomato fruit cuticle formation. Journal of Experimental Botany 75, 1903–1918.
Breaking boundaries: a novel role for CUC genes in sex determination in cucurbits
Authors: Pelayo Margaret Anne , Wellmer Frank 
Published: March 2024

This article comments on:
Segura M, García A, Gamarra G, Benítez A, Iglesias-Moya J, Martínez C, Jamilena M. 2024. An miR164-resistant mutation in the transcription factor gene CpCUC2B enhances carpel arrest and ectopic boundary specification in Cucurbita pepo flower development. Journal of Experimental Botany 75, 1948–1966.
Combining modeling and experimental approaches for developing rice–oil palm agroforestry systems
Authors: Perez Raphaël P A , Vezy Rémi , Bordon Romain , Laisné Thomas , Roques Sandrine , Rebolledo Maria-Camila , Rouan Lauriane , Fabre Denis , Gibert Olivier , De Raissac Marcel 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Monoculture systems in South East Asia are facing challenges due to climate change-induced extreme weather conditions, leading to significant annual production losses in rice and oil palm. To ensure the stability of these crops, innovative strategies like resilient agroforestry systems need to be explored. Converting oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) monocultures to rice (Oryza sativa)-based intercropping systems shows promise, but achieving optimal yields requires adjusting palm density and identifying rice varieties adapted to changes in light quantity and diurnal fluctuation. This paper proposes a methodology that combines a model of light interception with indoor experiments to assess the feasibility of rice–oil palm agroforestry systems. Using a functional–structural plant model of oil palm, the planting design was optimized to maximize transmitted light for rice. Simulation results estimated the potential impact on oil palm carbon assimilation and transpiration. In growth chambers, simulated light conditions were replicated with adjustments to intensity and daily fluctuation. Three light treatments independently evaluated the effects of light intensity and fluctuation on different rice accessions. The simulation study revealed intercropping designs that significantly increased light transmission for rice cultivation with minimal decrease in oil palm densities compared with conventional designs. The results estimated a loss in oil palm productivity of less than 10%, attributed to improved carbon assimilation and water use efficiency. Changes in rice plant architecture were primarily influenced by light quantity, while variations in yield components were attributed to light fluctuations. Different rice accessions exhibited diverse responses to light fluctuations, indicating the potential for selecting genotypes suitable for agroforestry systems.
AINTEGUMENTA and redundant AINTEGUMENTA-LIKE6 are required for bract outgrowth in Arabidopsis
Authors: Manuela Darren , Xu Mingli 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Plants consist of fundamental units of growth called phytomers (leaf or bract, axillary bud, node, and internode), which are repeated and modified throughout shoot development to give plants plasticity for survival and adaptation. One phytomer modification is the suppression or outgrowth of bracts, the leaves subtending the flowers. The floral meristem identity regulator LEAFY (LFY) and the organ boundary genes BLADE-ON-PETIOLE1 (BOP1) and BOP2 have been shown to suppress bract development in Arabidopsis, as mutations in these genes result in bract outgrowth. However, much less is known about the mechanisms that promote bract outgrowth in Arabidopsis mutants such as these. Further understanding of this mechanism may provide a potential tool for modifying leaf development. Here, we showed that the MADS-box genes SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS1 (SOC1), FRUITFUL (FUL), and AGAMOUS-LIKE24 (AGL24) play more important roles than BOP1/2 and LFY in bract suppression, and that AINTEGUMENTA (ANT) and the partially redundant AINTEGUMENTA-LIKE6 (AIL6) are necessary for bract outgrowth in these mutant backgrounds. We also demonstrated that misexpression of AIL6 alone is sufficient for bract outgrowth. Our data reveal a mechanism for bract suppression and outgrowth and provide insight into phytomer plasticity.
The thiol/disulfide balance is shifted towards oxidation in psoriatic arthritis compared to controls and is associated with higher disease activity
Authors: Kor Ahmet , Akan Selçuk , Oğuz Esra Fırat , Maraş Yüksel , Neşelioğlu Salim , Erten Şükran 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Objective
This study was designed to compare thiol/disulfide and ischemia-modified albumin (IMA) levels between psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and healthy controls and evaluate the correlation between these molecules and the disease activity scores used in PsA.

Methods
A total of 63 PsA patients and 49 healthy volunteers were included in the study. Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI), modified disease activity score 28 (DAS28), and Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI) scores were used as disease activity indices for PsA patients. Calculations of native thiol (-SH), disulfide (-SS), and total thiol (-SH+-SS) molecules were made by the automatic spectrophotometric method, and the albumin cobalt binding test was used to measure IMA levels.

Results
In the PsA group, -SS/-SH and -SS/(-SH+-SS) levels were higher and -SH/(-SH+-SS) levels were lower than in controls. In the linear regression analysis, a significant correlation relationship was detected between DAS28-erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and -SS/(-SH+-SS) (β = 0.795, CI 95%, 0.196-1.395; P = .010), -SH/(-SH+-SS) (β = -0.475, CI 95%, 0.114-0.836; P = .010) and IMA (β = 3.932, CI 95%, 0.859-7.005; P = .013). Additionally, a significant correlation was detected between IMA and BASDAI and BASFI.

Conclusion
In PsA, thiol/disulfide homeostasis has shifted in favor of disulfide as an oxidative indicator. Serum thiol/disulfide levels are correlated with PsA disease activity indices.
Bone marrow reinvestigation leading to the diagnosis of VEXAS syndrome
Authors: Strasser Bernhard , Kranewitter Wolfgang , Hofer Harald , Haushofer Alexander 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
A 46-year-old male patient presented with inflammatory diseases over more than 3 years. The patient suffered from recurrent pleuritis, polychondritis, orbital phlegmon, fever, and skin lesions. A bone marrow puncture added myelodysplastic syndrome to the patient’s history. A focused cytomorphological reinvestigation of the archived bone marrow aspirate smears detected significant vacuolization of erythroid and myeloid precursor cells. Target sequencing revealed the UBA1 (p.Met41Thr) hotspot mutation that established the diagnosis of VEXAS (vacuoles, E1 enzyme, X-linked, autoinflammatory, somatic) syndrome.
Deployment-related Cigarette Smoking Behaviors and Pulmonary Function Among U.S. Veterans
Authors: Maccarone Jennifer R , Sterns Olivia R , Timmons Andrew , Korpak Anna M , Smith Nicholas L , Nakayama Karen S , Baird Coleen P , Ciminera Paul , Kheradmand Farrah , Fan Vincent S , Hart Jaime E , Koutrakis Petros , Jerrett Michael , Kuschner Ware G , Ioachimescu Octavian C , Montgrain Philippe R , Proctor Susan P , Redlich Carrie A , Wendt Christine H , Blanc Paul D , Garshick Eric , Wan Emily S 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction
The effects of smoking on lung function among post-9/11 Veterans deployed to environments with high levels of ambient particulate matter are incompletely understood.

Materials and Methods
We analyzed interim data (04/2018-03/2020) from the Veterans Affairs (VA) Cooperative Studies Program #595, “Service and Health Among Deployed Veterans”. Veterans with ≥1 land-based deployments enrolled at 1 of 6 regional Veterans Affairs sites completed questionnaires and spirometry. Multivariable linear regression models assessed associations between cigarette smoking (cumulative, deployment-related and non-deployment-related) with pulmonary function.

Results
Among 1,836 participants (mean age 40.7 ± 9.6, 88.6% male), 44.8% (n = 822) were ever-smokers (mean age 39.5 ± 9.5; 91.2% male). Among ever-smokers, 86% (n = 710) initiated smoking before deployment, while 11% (n = 90) initiated smoking during deployment(s). Smoking intensity was 50% greater during deployment than other periods (0.75 versus 0.50 packs-per-day; P &lt; .05), and those with multiple deployments (40.4%) were more likely to smoke during deployment relative to those with single deployments (82% versus 74%). Total cumulative pack-years (median [IQR] = 3.8 [1, 10]) was inversely associated with post-bronchodilator FEV1%-predicted (−0.82; [95% CI] = [−1.25, −0.50] %-predicted per 4 pack-years) and FEV1/FVC%-predicted (−0.54; [95% CI] = [−0.78, −0.43] %-predicted per 4 pack-years). Deployment-related pack-years demonstrated similar point estimates of associations with FEV1%-predicted (−0.61; [95% CI] = [−2.28, 1.09]) and FEV1/FVC%-predicted (−1.09; [95% CI] = [−2.52, 0.50]) as non-deployment-related pack-years (−0.83; [95% CI] = [−1.26, −0.50] for FEV1%-predicted; −0.52; [95% CI] = [−0.73, −0.36] for FEV1/FVC%-predicted).

Conclusions
Although cumulative pack-years smoking was modest in this cohort, an inverse association with pulmonary function was detectable. Deployment-related pack-years had a similar association with pulmonary function compared to non-deployment-related pack-years.
A theoretical Fourier-transformation model for the formation of X-ray time lags from black hole accretion discs
Authors: Mahapol Thunyapong , Becker Peter A 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
X-ray emission from active galactic nuclei (AGNs) often displays complex and rapid variability, which may provide a glimpse into the detailed thermal and dynamical structure of the accreting gas near the event horizon of the central black hole. The observed variability can be analysed using Fourier transforms of the light curves in multiple energy channels, which can be used to generate Fourier phase lags, corresponding to lags in the time domain. The X-ray time lags may be either soft lags or hard lags, depending on whether the variability in the hard energy channel precedes that in the soft channel or vice versa. The physical explanation for the observed X-ray time lags from AGNs has been puzzling, and several scenarios have been proposed. In this paper, we explore the hypothesis that the X-ray time lags are produced as a result of the reprocessing of iron L-line and K-line seed photons generated via fluorescence, which is driven by a variable incident radiation field. The seed photons are reprocessed by a combination of thermal and bulk Comptonization and spatial reverberation. We assume that the inner region of the accretion flow can be approximated as a hot, geometrically thick ADAF disc. The outer radius of the ADAF region is equal to the shock formation radius, which is located just outside the centrifugal barrier. The time-dependent radiative transfer in the disc is analysed using a Fourier-transformed, vertically averaged transport equation in cylindrical coordinates. We demonstrate that the new model can successfully reproduce the complex X-ray variability data for the Seyfert 1 galaxies 1H 0707–495 and Ark 564.
MaNGA DynPop – VI. Matter density slopes from dynamical models of 6000 galaxies versus cosmological simulations: the interplay between baryonic and dark matter
Authors: Li Shubo , Li Ran , Zhu Kai , Lu Shengdong , Cappellari Michele , Mao Shude , Wang Chunxiang , Gao Liang 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
We try to understand the trends in the mass density slopes as a function of galaxy properties. We use the results from the best Jeans Anisotropic Modelling (JAM) of the integral-field stellar kinematics for near 6000 galaxies from the MaNGA DynPop project, with stellar masses $10^9\ {\rm {\rm M}_{\odot }}\lesssim M_*\lesssim 10^{12}\ {\rm {\rm M}_{\odot }}$, including both early-type and late-type galaxies. We use the mass-weighted density slopes for the stellar $\overline{\gamma }_*$, dark $\overline{\gamma }_{_{\rm DM}}$ and total $\overline{\gamma }_{_{\rm T}}$ mass from the MaNGA DynPop project. As previously reported, $\overline{\gamma }_{_{\rm T}}$ approaches a constant value of $\overline{\gamma }_{_{\rm T}}\approx 2.2$ for high σe galaxies, and flattens for $\lg (\sigma _{\rm e}/{\rm km\ s^{-1}})\lesssim 2.3$ galaxies, reaching $\overline{\gamma }_{_{\rm T}}\approx 1.5$ for $\lg (\sigma _{\rm e}/{\rm km\ s^{-1}})\approx 1.8$. We find that total and stellar slopes track each other tightly, with $\overline{\gamma }_{_{\rm T}}\approx \overline{\gamma }_*-0.174$ over the full σe range. This confirms the dominance of stellar matter within Re. We also show that there is no perfect conspiracy between baryonic and dark matter, as $\overline{\gamma }_*$ and $\overline{\gamma }_{_{\rm DM}}$ do not vary inversely within the σe range. We find that the central galaxies from TNG50 and TNG100 simulations do not reproduce the observed galaxy mass distribution, which we attribute to the overestimated dark matter fraction, possibly due to a constant IMF and excessive adiabatic contraction effects in the simulations. Finally, we present the stacked dark matter density profiles and show that they are slightly steeper than the pure dark matter simulation prediction of $\overline{\gamma }_{_{\rm DM}}\approx 1$, suggesting moderate adiabatic contraction in the central region of galaxies. Our work demonstrates the power of stellar dynamics modelling for probing the interaction between stellar and dark matter and testing galaxy formation theories.
The progenitors of the intra-cluster light and intra-cluster globular clusters in galaxy groups and clusters
Authors: Ahvazi Niusha , Sales Laura V , Doppel Jessica E , Benson Andrew , D’Souza Richard , Rodriguez-Gomez Vicente 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
We use the TNG50 from the IllustrisTNG suite of cosmological hydrodynamical simulation, complemented by a catalogue of tagged globular clusters, to investigate the properties and build up of two extended luminous components: the intra-cluster light (ICL) and the intra-cluster globular clusters (ICGCs). We select the 39 most massive groups and clusters in the box, spanning the range of virial masses $5 \times 10^{12} \lt \rm M_{200}/\rm {\rm M}_{\odot } \lt 2 \times 10^{14}$. We find good agreement between predictions from the simulations and current observational estimates of the fraction of mass in the ICL and its radial extension. The stellar mass of the ICL is only $\sim 10~{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$–20 per cent of the stellar mass in the central galaxy but encodes useful information on the assembly history of the group or cluster. About half the ICL in all our systems is brought in by galaxies in a narrow stellar mass range, M* = 1010–1011 M⊙. However, the contribution of low-mass galaxies (M* &lt; 1010 M⊙) to the build up of the ICL varies broadly from system to system, $\sim 5~{{\ \rm per\ cent}}-45~{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$, a feature that might be recovered from the observable properties of the ICL at z = 0. At fixed virial mass, systems where the accretion of dwarf galaxies plays an important role have shallower metallicity profiles, less metal content, and a lower stellar mass in the ICL than systems where the main contributors are more massive galaxies. We show that intra-cluster GCs are also good tracers of this history, representing a valuable alternative when diffuse light is not detectable.
Instabilities in the yellow hypergiant domain
Authors: Glatzel Wolfgang , Kraus Michaela 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
Yellow hypergiants (YHGs) are massive stars that are commonly interpreted to be in a post-red supergiant evolutionary state. These objects can undergo outbursts on time-scales of decades, which are suspected to be due to instabilities in the envelope. To test this conjecture, the stability of envelope models for YHGs with respect to infinitesimal, radial perturbations is investigated. Violent strange mode instabilities with growth rates in the dynamical regime are identified if the luminosity-to-mass ratio exceeds ≈104 in solar units. For the observed parameters of YHGs, we thus predict instability. The strange mode instabilities persist over the entire range of effective temperatures from red to blue supergiants. Due to short thermal time-scales and dominant radiation pressure in the envelopes of YHGs, a non-adiabatic stability analysis is mandatory and an adiabatic analysis being the basis of the common perception is irrelevant. Contrary to the prevailing opinion, the models considered here do not exhibit any adiabatic instability.
Decaying turbulence in molecular clouds: how does it affect filament networks and star formation?
Authors: Dhandha Jiten , Faes Zoe , Smith Rowan J 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
The fragmentation of gas to form stars in molecular clouds is intrinsically linked to the turbulence within them. These internal motions are set at the birth of the cloud and may vary with galactic environment and as the cloud evolves. In this paper, we introduce a new suite of 15 high-resolution 3D molecular cloud simulations using the moving mesh code arepo to investigate the role of different decaying turbulent modes (mixed, compressive, and solenoidal) and virial ratios on the evolution of a $10^4\, \mathrm{M}_{\odot }$ molecular cloud. We find that diffuse regions maintain a strong relic of the initial turbulent mode, whereas the initial gravitational potential dominates dense regions. Solenoidal seeded models thus give rise to a diffuse cloud with filament-like morphology, and an excess of brown dwarf mass fragments. Compressive seeded models have an early onset of star-formation, centrally condensed morphologies and a higher accretion rate, along with overbound clouds. 3D filaments identified using disperse and analysed through a new python toolkit we develop and make publicly available with this work called fiesta, show no clear trend in lengths, masses and densities between initial turbulent modes. Overbound clouds, however, produce more filaments and thus have more mass in filaments. The hubs formed by converging filaments are found to favour star-formation, with surprisingly similar mass distributions independent of the number of filaments connecting the hub.
Radio frequency interference detection using efficient multiscale convolutional attention UNet
Authors: Gu Fei , Hao Longfei , Liang Bo , Feng Song , Wei Shoulin , Dai Wei , Xu Yonghua , Li Zhixuan , Dao Yihang 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
Studying the Universe through radio telescope observation is crucial. However, radio telescopes capture not only signals from the universe but also various interfering signals, known as radio frequency interference (RFI). The presence of RFI can significantly impact data analysis. Ensuring the accuracy, reliability, and scientific integrity of research findings by detecting and mitigating or eliminating RFI in observational data, presents a persistent challenge in radio astronomy. In this study, we proposed a novel deep learning model called EMSCA-UNet for RFI detection. The model employs multiscale convolutional operations to extract RFI features of various scale sizes. Additionally, an attention mechanism is utilized to assign different weights to the extracted RFI feature maps, enabling the model to focus on vital features for RFI detection. We evaluated the performance of the model using real data observed from the 40 m radio telescope at Yunnan Observatory. Furthermore, we compared our results to other models, including U-Net, RFI-Net, and R-Net, using four commonly employed evaluation metrics: precision, recall, F1 score, and IoU. The results demonstrate that our model outperforms the other models on all evaluation metrics, achieving an average improvement of approximately 5 per cent compared to U-Net. Our model not only enhances the accuracy and comprehensiveness of RFI detection but also provides more detailed edge detection while minimizing the loss of useful signals.