bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stereoselective Carbonyl Allylation by Umpolung of Allylpalladium(II) Complexes
Authors: Zanoni Giuseppe , Pontiroli Alessandro , Marchetti Alberto , Vidari Giovanni 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe nucleophilic palladium‐mediated allylation of a carbonyl group requires the inversion of the reactivity (umpolung) of the η3‐allylpalladium moiety. If the reaction is performed with a metal more electropositive than palladium, the stereochemical outcome is influenced by the solvent and by the reagent used for the umpolung. The stereoselectivity is also determined by the rate of η3–η1–η3 equilibration of the η3‐allylpalladium system relative to that of the transmetallation and addition to the aldehyde. When the umpolung is carried out with η1‐ or bis(allylpalladium) complexes, the stereoselectivity mainly depends on the nature of the substituents on the allyl fragment. Asymmetric addition has been achieved by using chiral ligands that promote palladium‐mediated reactions with “hard” nucleophiles. Utilization of selected chiral monophosphanes/phosphoramidite as ligands induces enantioselectivity that depends on the nature of the aldehyde as well as of the umpolung agent. Modest enantiomeric excesses have been obtained by using preformed bis(allylpalladium) systems with one chiral allylic fragment.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Mimicking the Binding Motifs Found in the Crystal Structures of Protein–Carbohydrate Complexes: An Aromatic Analogue of Serine or Threonine Side Chain Hydroxyl/Main Chain Amide
Authors: Mazik Monika , König Alexander 
Published: May 2007

AbstractAn aromatic analogue of the side chain hydroxyl/main chain amide of Ser or Thr was used for the construction of artificial receptors forN‐acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac), the most common occurring sialic acid. The acyclic receptors, incorporating only neutral recognition sites, are able to bind Neu5Ac with an overall binding constantβ2of 105M–2in a competitive solvent, such as water‐containing [D6]DMSO. Both receptors show remarkable selectivity for Neu5Ac overD‐glucuronic acid (GlcA).(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Cell cycle alteration and decreased cell proliferation in the hippocampal dentate gyrus and in the neocortical germinal matrix of fetuses with down syndrome and in Ts65Dn mice
Authors: Contestabile Andrea , Fila Tatiana , Ceccarelli Claudio , Bonasoni Paola , Bonapace Laura , Santini Donatella , Bartesaghi Renata , Ciani Elisabetta 
Published: June 2007

AbstractDown syndrome (DS), the leading genetic cause of mental retardation, is characterized by reduced number of cortical neurons and brain size. The occurrence of these defects starting from early life stages points at altered developmental neurogenesis as their major determinant. The goal of our study was to obtain comparative evidence for impaired neurogenesis in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) of DS fetuses and Ts65Dn mice, an animal model for DS. Cell proliferation in human fetuses was evaluated with Ki‐67 (a marker of cells in S + G2 + M phases of cell cycle) and cyclin A (a marker of cells in S phase) immunohistochemistry. We found that in the DG of DS fetuses the number of proliferating cells was notably reduced when compared with controls. A similar reduction was observed in the germinal matrix of the lateral ventricle. In both structures, DS fetuses showed a reduced ratio between cyclin A‐ and Ki‐67‐positive cells when compared with controls, indicating that they had a reduced number of cycling cells in S phase. In the DG of P2 Ts65Dn mice cell proliferation, assessed 2 h after an injection of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU), was notably reduced, similarly to DS fetuses. After 28 days, Ts65Dn mice had still less BrdU‐positive cells than controls. Phenotypic analysis of the surviving cells showed that Ts65Dn mice had a percent number of cells with astrocytic phenotype larger than controls. Using phospho‐histone H3 immunohistochemistry we found that both DS fetuses and P2 Ts65Dn mice had a higher number of proliferating cells in G2 and a smaller number of cells in M phase of cell cycle. Results provide novel evidence for proliferation impairment in the hippocampal DG of the DS fetal brain, comparable to that of the P2 mouse model, and suggest that cell cycle alterations may be critical determinants of the reduced proliferation potency. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Consequences of extended work hours: A comparison of moonlighters, overtimers, and modal employees
Authors: Jamal Muhammad , Crawford Ronald L. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractStringent corporate controls on employee moonlighting and/or overtime are not uncommon. But are they necessary? Even the concept of overtime may need to be rethought—what about the “normal working hours” of managers and professionals who work hours at home or on the road—hours typically uncompensated?
Gainsharing: A few questions, and fewer answers
Authors: Bullock R. J. , Lawler Edward E. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractGainsharing is an important organization development intervention, yet many of the basic questions have not been answered. This paper addresses these questions by developing a conceptual model and using the model to review the case study literature on gainsharing. The plans varied in terms of structural factors, implementation factors, and situational factors, and a majority were successful. Gainsharing impact was found in five key areas: organizational effectiveness, individual quality of work life, ideas and innovation, labormanagement cooperation, and pay. Relevant research is briefly reviewed and several unanswered questions are identified for future research.
Human resource management strategies in declining industries
Authors: Ferris Gerald R. , Schellenberg Deborah A. , Zammuto Raymond F. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe conceptualization presented in this article suggests that top management should take into account the role of the human resource function in formulating and implementing strategic responses to decline. Such responses must be formulated within the context of the skills and knowledge available to the organization and according to the type of environmental conditions encountered. These influences will force the human resource manager to focus on sharpening competencies existing within the organization, consolidating competencies so that only those currently required by the organization are retained, adding new competencies, or replacing existing competencies so that the organization can move to a new domain activity. The emphasis on human resource processes such as recruitment and termination, training and development, and evaluation, reward, and retention for purposes of development and maintenance of the competencies needed to implement strategic responses to decline will vary according to the nature of the environmental conditions encountered.
An examination of the relationships among self‐perception accuracy, self‐awareness, gender, and leader effectiveness
Authors: Van Velsor Ellen , Taylor Sylvester , Leslie Jean B. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis article focuses on how membership in a self/rater agreement group (underraters, accurate raters, overraters) is related to self‐ratings and others' ratings of self‐awareness and leadership effectiveness. It also examines gender differences in the likelihood of self/rater agreement and in perceived self‐awareness. Finally, the article examines agreement group and gender differences in terms of two components of self‐awareness: knowledge of self and willingness to improve. Contrary to common belief, our research shows that women are not more likely to underrate their own skills on measures of leadership competency, and that gender differences do exist, both in rated self‐awareness and in one of its subcomponents, knowledge of self. In addition, this research found underraters were rated highest in self‐awareness by direct reports and highest in terms of overall leadership effectiveness. Managers who tend to overrate themselves compared to others' ratings were perceived as lowest of the three groups in both self‐awareness and effectiveness. © 1993 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
How deficiencies in motivation to manage contribute to the United States' competitiveness problem (and what can be done about it)
Authors: Miner John B. , Ebrahimi Bahman , Wachtel Jeffrey M. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractData are presented to support the argument that motivation to manage is a major cause of managerial effectiveness, that it declined sharply in the college population during the activism of the 1960s and early 1970s, and that it is now severely lacking in the United States relative to many other countries. Thus America's competitiveness problems appear to be largely motivational in nature. Possible solutions are discussed, including recruiting and selecting for managerial motivation, increasing motivation to manage using training and development techniques, and changing organizational designs (telescoping the scalar chain, moving managerial tasks into non‐managerial positions, resorting to professional forms, and expanding venture structures). © 1995 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Human resource competencies: An empirical assessment
Authors: Ulrich Dave , Brockbank Wayne , Yeung Arthur K. , Lake Dale G. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractWith data from 12,689 associates of human resource (HR) professionals in 1500 businesses in 109 firms, this research represents an extensive assessment of HR competencies. It extends current HR theory and practice in two ways. First, it proposes specific competencies HR professionals may demonstrate to add value to a business. Second, it offers an empirical assessment of how these competencies affect the performance of HR professionals as perceived by their Associates. The results indicate that when HR professionals demonstrate competencies in business knowledge, delivery of HR, and management of change, then HR professionals are perceived by their associates as more effective. © 1995 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Developing leadership capabilities of global corporations: A comparative study in eight nations
Authors: Yeung Arthur K. , Ready Douglas A. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractChanging competitive dynamics are influencing the leadership capability requirements of global corporations. More than 1,200 managers from ten major global corporations in eight countries responded to an international survey on the core capabilities required for competitiveness. While the results highlighted six leadership capabilities that are globally valued, a comparative analysis of the data shows that culture affects the relative importance given to a leadership capability requirement. The article also investigates the most effective methods for developing each of the core leadership capabilities. Implications for HR professionals are suggested as they devise strategies for leadership development. © 1995 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Strengthening the weak link in strategic executive development: Integrating individual development and global business strategy
Authors: Seibert Kent W. , Hall Douglas T. , Kram Kathy E. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe global business environment of the 1990s provides both challenge and opportunity to human resource development to become an integral player in helping implement business strategy. The results of two best practice studies suggest that some leading firms such as 3M and Motorola are doing just that. At these companies current strategic business issues are the drivers of flexible and opportunistic executive development activities. Naturally occurring on‐the‐job experiences are consciously utilized in such a way that helping executives to develop becomes an integral part of conducting business. The implications of linking executive development to business strategy for practice and for future research are discussed. © 1995 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Neural network modelling for mean velocity and turbulence intensities of steep channel flows
Authors: Chang Fi‐John , Yang Han‐Chung , Lu Jau‐Yau , Hong Jian‐Hao 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe main purpose of this study is to evaluate the potential of simulating the profiles of the mean velocity and turbulence intensities for the steep open channel flows over a smooth boundary using artificial neural networks. In a laboratory flume, turbulent flow conditions were measured using a fibre‐optic laser doppler velocimeter (FLDV). One thousand and sixty‐four data sets were collected for different slopes and aspect ratios at different locations. These data sets were randomly split into two subsets, i.e. training and validation sets. The multi‐layer functional link network (MFLN) was used to construct the simulation model based on the training data. The constructed MFLN models can almost perfectly simulate the velocity profile and turbulence intensity. The values of correlation coefficient (γ) are close to one and the values of root mean square error (RMSE) are close to zero in all conditions. The results demonstrate that the MFLN can precisely simulate the velocity profiles, while the log law and Reynolds stress model (RSM) are less effective when used to simulate the velocity profiles close to the side wall. The simulated longitudinal turbulence intensities yielded by the MFLN were also fairly consistent with the measured data, while the simulated vertical turbulence intensities by the RSM were not consistent with the measured data. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Applying multifractality and the self‐organized criticality theory to describe the temporal rainfall regimes in Andalusia (southern Spain)
Authors: García‐Marín A. P. , Jiménez‐Hornero F. J. , Ayuso J. L. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractA multifractal analysis of hourly and daily rainfall data recorded at four locations of Andalusia (southern Spain) was carried out in order to study the temporal structure of rainfall and to find differences between both time resolutions. The results show that an algebraic tail is required to fit the probability distribution of the extreme rain events for all the cases. The presence of a multifractal phase transition associated with a critical moment in the empirical moments scaling exponent function was also detected. Both facts indicate that the rainfall process is a case of self‐organized criticality (SOC) dynamics, although the results differ for each place according to the time resolution and the nature of the rainfall, either convective or frontal. This SOC behaviour is related to a statistically steady state that implies the presence of clusterization in the time‐occurrence sequence of rain events. Such fluctuations have been shown by performing the analysis of the Fano and Allan factors and the count‐based periodogram. The values for the “synoptic maximum”, the typical lifetime of planetary scale atmospheric structures, have been obtained for each place and some important periodicities have been detected when dealing with extremes. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Epstein‐Barr virus latent membrane protein 1 promotes concentration in multivesicular bodies of fibroblast growth factor 2 and its release through exosomes
Authors: Ceccarelli Simona , Visco Vincenzo , Raffa Salvatore , Wakisaka Naohiro , Pagano Joseph S. , Torrisi Maria Rosaria 
Published: June 2007

AbstractFGF‐2, a potent angiogenic factor that is involved in tumor invasion, is known to be released extracellularly by a nonclassical secretory pathway. Recently it has become clear that Epstein‐Barr virus, specifically its oncoprotein LMP1, can induce expression of angiogenic factors. Among these factors is FGF‐2. LMP1 not only promotes expression of FGF‐2, but also the release extracellularly of its 18‐kDa isoform. We analyzed the mechanism of FGF‐2 release induced by LMP1. Confocal immunofluorescence microscopy revealed colocalization of FGF‐2 with LMP1 in small dots also stained positively for CD63 and cathepsin D, markers of late endosomes or multivesicular bodies. Biochemical analysis and immunoelectron microscopy of purified exosomal fractions from cotransfected cells demonstrated increased release of exosomes and the concentration of LMP1 and FGF‐2 in these structures. Moreover, cotransfection appeared to induce partial redistribution of the Na+/K+‐ATPase, which participates in FGF‐2 release, from the plasma membrane to the intracellular LMP1/FGF‐2 positive dots. Treatment with ouabain, which inhibits Na+/K+‐ATPase activity, partially suppressed FGF‐2 secretion via exosomes in a dose‐dependent manner. The results suggest that exosomes may represent a previously unrecognized mechanism for FGF‐2 release mediated by LMP1, and that this pathway involves the activity of Na+/K+‐ATPase. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Competing demands for irrigation water: golf and agriculture in Spain
Authors: Diaz J. A. Rodriguez , Knox J. W. , Weatherhead E. K. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractIn many countries where water resources are under stress, there is a perception that irrigating golf courses causes significant additional abstraction, and that this has major impacts on the environment and other abstractors, including irrigated agriculture. This paper provides a quantitative assessment of water use within the golf sector in Spain, and compares it with irrigated agriculture. It is based on literature review, a national survey of golf course irrigation practices, and a correlation of reported irrigation consumption against agroclimate. Using a geographical information system (GIS), the water consumption for all golf courses in Spain was modelled and mapped, and the total water consumption estimated.The results show that the volume of water used for golf irrigation is extremely small compared to agricultural irrigation. Furthermore, a significant portion comes from wastewater reuse (41%) and desalination (7%), rather than direct abstraction, which competes with agriculture. However, it is concentrated in particular tourist areas and could cause local problems. The average economic productivity of the water used for golf, estimated at around 9 € m−3 in direct benefits (course fees) and 28 € m−3 if including the benefits to the tourist industry, is very much higher than for even high‐value agricultural crops. These results suggest that irrigating golf courses for tourism purposes is an economically rational water use in Spain, even though the transfer of resources from agriculture is controversial. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cross‐talk between Wnt signaling pathways in human mesenchymal stem cells leads to functional antagonism during osteogenic differentiation
Authors: Baksh Dolores , Boland Genevieve M. , Tuan Rocky S. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractWnt signaling is involved in developmental processes and in adult stem cell homeostasis. This study analyzes the role(s) of key Wnt signaling mediators in the maintenance and osteogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). We focus specifically on the involvement of low‐density lipoprotein‐related protein 5 (LRP5), T‐cell factor 1 (TCF1), and Frizzled (Fz) receptors, in the presence or absence of exogenous, prototypical canonical (Wnt3a), and non‐canonical (Wnt5a) Wnts. In undifferentiated MSCs, LRP5 and TCF1 mediate canonical Wnt signal transduction, leading to increased proliferation, enhanced synergistically by Wnt3a. However, LRP5 overexpression inhibits osteogenic differentiation, further suppressed by Wnt3a. Wnt5a does not affect cell proliferation but enhances osteogenesis of MSCs. Interestingly, Wnt5a inhibits Wnt3a effects on MSCs, while Wnt3a suppresses Wnt5a‐mediated enhancement of osteogenesis. Flow cytometry revealed that LRP5 expression elicits differential changes in Fz receptor profiles in undifferentiated versus osteogenic MSCs. Taken together, these results suggest that Wnt signaling crosstalk and functional antagonism with the LRP5 co‐receptor are key signaling regulators of MSC maintenance and differentiation. J. Cell. Biochem. 101:1109–1124, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Covering arrays and intersecting codes
Authors: Sloane N. J. A. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractA t‐covering array is a set of k binary vectors of length n with the property that, in any t coordinate positions, all 2t possibilities occur at least once. Such arrays are used for example in circuit testing, and one wishes to minimize k for given values of n and t. The case t = 2 was solved by Rényi, Katona, and Kleitman and Spencer. The present article is concerned with the case t = 3, where important (but unpublished) contributions were made by Busschbach and Roux in the 1980s. One of the principal constructions makes use of intersecting codes (linear codes with the property that any two nonzero codewords meet). This article studies the properties of 3‐covering arrays and intersecting codes, and gives a table of the best 3‐covering arrays presently known. For large n the minimal k satisfies 3.21256 < k/log n < 7.56444. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Protein disaggregation and refolding using high hydrostatic pressure
Authors: Phelps David J , Hesterberg Lyndal K 
Published: May 2007

AbstractProduction of recombinant proteins often leads to aggregate formation. These aggregates may make it impossible to solubilize the protein for downstream applications such as assay development or structural studies by X‐ray crystallography or nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. High hydrostatic pressure technology has been developed which offers significant advantages over traditional methods of protein disaggregation and refolding. Pressure induced disruption of protein aggregates and subsequent refolding can take place at high concentrations in a single process step, without the need for high concentrations of chaotropic agents. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Photocatalytic degradation of dyestuff wastewater under visible light irradiation using micron‐sized mixed crystal TiO2 powders
Authors: Wang Jun , Li Ronghe , Zhang Zhaohong , Zhang Xiangdong , Sun Wei , Wang Hao , Xu Rui , Xing Zhiqiang 
Published: May 2007

AbstractA phase transformation of micron‐sized TiO2 powder from anatase to rutile was attempted by heat‐treatment in order to generate a new mixed crystal TiO2 with high associated photocatalytic activity. Heat‐treated micron‐sized TiO2 powders at different transition stages were characterized by X‐ray diffraction analysis (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) methods. The tests of photocatalytic activity of the heat‐treated micron‐sized TiO2 powders were conducted by the photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B and Acid Red B under visible light irradiation. The results indicate that mixed crystal TiO2 photocatalyst heat‐treated at 400 °C for 60 min shows the highest photocatalytic activity. It can effectively decompose the Rhodamine B and Acid Red B in aqueous solution after 6 h visible light irradiation. A remarkable improvement in photocatalytic activity of TiO2 is caused by the formation of combined rutile–anatase phases and separation of photogenerated electron–hole pairs. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry