bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association Between Migraine and the G1246A Polymorphism in the Hypocretin Receptor 2 Gene
Authors: Schürks Markus , Limmroth Volker , Geissler Ingrid , Tessmann Grietje , Savidou Irini , Engelbergs Jörg , Kurth Tobias , Diener Hans‐Christoph , Rosskopf Dieter 
Published: June 2007

Background.—The hypocretin receptor 2 (HCRTR2) G1246A polymorphism has been associated with the risk for cluster headache. Since the hypothalamic hypocretin/orexin system projects throughout the nervous system and affects multiple vegetative functions including generation of rhythmicity, vasomotion, autonomic symptoms as well as modulation of nociception, it may also be linked with migraine.Objective.—We thus sought to evaluate whether the HCRTR2 G1246A polymorphism is associated with the risk for migraine.Methods.—We prospectively established a cohort of 146 unrelated patients with migraine. The control group consisted of 279 healthy volunteers. We genotyped patients and controls for the HCRTR2 G1246A polymorphism and examined an association with presence or absence of migraine.Results.—Genotype and allele frequencies were not significantly different between migraine patients and controls (genotype distribution: χ2= 4.13, 2 df, P= .13; allele distribution: χ2= 0.9, 1 df, P= .34).Conclusion.—Our study does not support a major contribution of the HCRTR2 G1246A polymorphism to the pathogenesis of migraine in contrast to its effects in cluster headache.
Metabolic and Hormonal Disturbances in Women with Epilepsy on Antiepileptic Drug Monotherapy
Authors: Kim Jee Young , Lee Hyang Woon 
Published: June 2007

Summary:  Purpose: Women with epilepsy (WWE) tend to have hormonal and metabolic abnormalities, raising concerns about an increased risk of cardiovascular disorders. This study was performed to determine whether epilepsy itself and/or antiepileptic drug (AED) medication cause metabolic abnormalities. Methods: WWE in premenopausal state aged 18 to 45 years old, currently on AED monotherapy for more than six months, were recruited for this study. The subjects checked their oral temperature each morning, and tested serum levels for lipid profiles, insulin, glucose, and leptin. A HOMA‐index was used as a marker for insulin resistance. Results: Of the 54 total patients, 18 women were diagnosed with primary generalized epilepsy (PGE) and the other 36 were diagnosed with localization‐related epilepsy (LRE). Among the subjects, 19 women were on carbamazepine (CBZ), 12 on valproate (VPA), 12 on lamotrigine (LTG), and 11 on topiramate (TPM). Body mass index increased and HDL‐cholesterol decreased in patients on VPA monotherapy compared with CBZ, LTG, or TPM (p = 0.046 and 0.002). Metabolic syndrome was more frequently associated with VPA‐treated patients (41.7%) than CBZ (5.3%), LTG (0%), or TPM group (0%) (p = 0.005). There were no differences in hormonal and metabolic indices between PGE and LRE groups. Conclusions: WWE on VPA monotherapy are more obese and more frequently suffer from metabolic syndrome. LTG or TPM may be safer when prescribed to the patients with high risk of cardiovascular disease.
Epilepsy Surgery in Children with Gliomatosis Cerebri
Authors: Maton Bruno , Resnick Trevor , Jayakar Prasanna , Morrison Glenn , Duchowny Michael 
Published: June 2007

Summary:  Purpose: Gliomatosis cerebri (GC) is a rare neoplastic disorder that may present as intractable epilepsy during early life. We report our experience regarding the evaluation and the surgical treatment of epilepsy in this population. Methods: All children evaluated between 1990 and 2006 for surgery of epilepsy (n = 741) with pathologically proven GC were selected. Results: We identified four male children with age at seizure onset ranging from 4 months to 11 years. Two had hemiparesis and one child with infantile spasms was developmentally delayed. Seizures occurred daily (n = 3) or monthly (n = 1). Ictal semiology was consistent with psychomotor seizures (n = 1), partial motor seizures (n = 2), and asymmetric epileptic spasms (n = 1). Surgery was symptomatic and aimed at debulking and controlling the epilepsy. Procedure was individually tailored based on the presurgical evaluation. Brain MRI revealed widespread hemispheric involvement (n = 3) or infiltration of the temporal lobe and basal ganglia (n = 1). Two patients were initially misdiagnosed as hemispheric cortical dysplasia and hemimegalencephaly. Scalp EEG was nonlocalizing in two cases, showed a right temporal focus in one case, and was not performed in one case. Interictal SPECT in one patient revealed widespread hemispheric hypoperfusion. Three cases were resected under ECoG guidance after a mean delay of 11 months after seizure onset. Following functional hemispherectomy (n = 1) or focal cortical resection (n = 2), all children were alive and seizure free with a mean follow‐up of 48 months (2–5 years). No unexpected complication was reported. One nonoperated case was alive but still seizing after 15 months follow‐up. Chemotherapy was associated in three cases. Conclusions: GC is a rare cause of medically resistant epilepsy that may present in early life. The lack of a discrete lesion may lead to diagnostic uncertainty, especially in infancy. Epilepsy surgery is an effective therapy that can improve quality of life.
Electroclinical Features of a Family with Simple Febrile Seizures and Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Associated with SCN1A Loss‐of‐Function Mutation
Authors: Colosimo Eleonora , Gambardella Antonio , Mantegazza Massimo , Labate Angelo , Rusconi Raffaela , Schiavon Emanuele , Annesi Ferdinanda , Cassulini Rita R. , Carrideo Sara , Chifari Rosanna , Canevini Maria Paola , Canger Raffaele , Franceschetti Silvana , Annesi Grazia , Wanke Enzo , Quattrone Aldo 
Published: June 2007

Summary:  Purpose: To report in detail the electroclinical features of a large family in which we recently identified a missense mutation (M145T) of a well‐conserved amino acid in the first transmembrane segment of domain I of the human SCN1A. We showed that the mutation is associated with a loss of SCN1A function. Methods: The family originates from southern Italy and contains 35 members spread over four generations. Of the 14 affected individuals, the 13 still living members (7 males, mean age 36.6 ± 20.4) underwent a complete electroclinical evaluation. Results: All 13 affected family members had febrile seizures (FS) up to the age of 6 years. Age at onset of FS ranged from 5 to 45 months with a mean age of 12.8 ± 12.9 months. One of the 13 was affected by post‐traumatic epilepsy. Three of the 13 later developed temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) with both simple focal seizures, and also very rare focal complex or nocturnal secondary generalized tonic–clonic seizures. In two of the three patients who later developed TLE, the MRI studies revealed mesial temporal sclerosis. Conclusions: Our findings illustrate that SCN1A mutations can cause simple FS associated with TLE, which differ from the characteristic clinical spectrum of GEFS+. It is open to conjecture if this unusual phenotype might at least in part be related to the fact that M145T is the first missense mutation found in DIS1 of SCN1A.
Prevalence of Active Epilepsy and Health‐Related Quality of Life among Adults with Self‐Reported Epilepsy in California: California Health Interview Survey, 2003
Authors: Kobau Rosemarie , Zahran Hatice , Grant David , Thurman David J. , Price Patricia H. , Zack Matthew M. 
Published: June 2007

Summary: Purpose:To examine the prevalence of self‐reported epilepsy and active epilepsy, associated burden of impaired health‐related quality of life, risk factors, and access to care in adults with self‐reported epilepsy, and those classified as having active epilepsy with and without recent seizures.Methods:We analyzed data from adults aged ≥18 years (n = 41,494) who participated in the 2003 California Health Interview Survey (CHIS).Results:In California, 1.2% of adults reported ever being told they had epilepsy or seizure disorder, and 0.7% were classified as having active epilepsy. About three‐fourths of adults with active epilepsy with recent seizures reported fair or poor health status. Adults with active epilepsy with recent seizures reported almost two weeks of poor physical or mental health and activity limitation days compared with two to 4 days per month in those without epilepsy. Among adults with active epilepsy and recent seizures, about one‐quarter reported not taking any medicine to control their seizure disorder or epilepsy. About one‐third reported physical disability/unable to work compared to a small proportion of the general population. The majority of adults with active epilepsy reported having a regular source of medical care.Conclusion:Our findings highlight the burden of epilepsy among adults in California. CHIS serves as a model demonstrating the value of including questions about epilepsy on public health surveillance systems to ascertain the burden of the disorder and to guide intervention research and public policy to improve HRQOL in people with epilepsy.
Cerebellar Vermis Proteome of Chronic Alcoholic Individuals
Authors: Alexander‐Kaufman Kimberley , Harper Clive , Wilce Peter , Matsumoto Izuru 
Published: June 2007

Background: Cerebellar changes are commonly associated with alcoholism and chronic alcohol consumption can produce profound impairments in motor functioning and various aspects of cognition. Although the mechanisms underlying alcohol‐induced changes in the cerebellar vermis are poorly understood, observations in the alcoholic vermis are thought to be consequential to common alcohol‐related factors, particularly thiamine deficiency.Methods: In the present study, we used a proteomics‐based approach to compare protein expression profiles of the cerebellar vermis from human alcoholic individuals (both neurologically uncomplicated and alcoholic individuals complicated with liver cirrhosis) and healthy control brains. This article complements our recent studies performed on alcoholic prefrontal gray and white matter and splenium of the corpus callosum (CC).Results: Like the CC study, several liver cirrhosis‐specific proteins were identified in the vermis, perhaps indicating the effects of liver dysfunction in this brain region. Among other protein expression changes observed are disturbances in the levels of thiamine‐dependent enzymes. A derangement in energy metabolism perhaps related to thiamine deficiency seems to be important in both alcoholic groups, even where there are no clinical or pathological findings of Wernicke–Korsakoff syndrome.Conclusions: These results suggest that clinically and pathologically uncomplicated alcoholic cases may not in fact be “uncomplicated,” as at the proteome level we seem to be isolating the confounding effects of nutritional deficiencies and liver dysfunction and perhaps their role in alcohol‐related vermis damage. Together, these results indicate that the alcohol‐related pathology of the vermis is more multifactorial than other brain regions examined previously (prefrontal region and CC splenium).
Alcohol Consumption and Fatty Acid Intakes in the 2001–2002 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Authors: Kim Soo Yeon , Breslow Rosalind A. , Ahn Jiyoung , Salem Norman 
Published: June 2007

Background: Alcohol consumption has the potential to affect dietary intakes of nutrients; however, little is known about fatty acid intakes among alcohol consumers in the U.S. population.Method: We examined the relation between self‐reported alcohol consumption and dietary fatty acid intake in 4,168 adults in the cross‐sectional National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001–2002. Fatty acid intake was determined from a single, interviewer‐administered 24‐hour recall. The adjusted, weighted mean level of dietary fatty acid intakes, as characterized by nutrient density, was calculated as grams of fatty acid per 1,000 kcal of energy consumed according to average daily alcohol consumption and binge‐drinking episodes.Results: Energy intake showed a significant increasing trend across alcohol consumption categories in both genders and binge‐drinking categories in men. Women binge drinkers also showed a higher energy intake compared with nonbinge drinkers. Among men, decreased nutrient densities of saturated, monounsaturated, polyunsaturated, linoleic, and α‐linolenic acids were associated with increasing alcohol consumption. Binge‐drinking men but not women had significantly decreased intakes of total saturates, monounsaturates, polyunsaturates and linoleic, α‐linolenic, eicosapentaenoic, and docosahexaenoic acid. When alcohol energy was excluded from calculation of nutrient densities, the results were similar to those with alcohol energy included, except that total saturated and monounsaturated fatty acid differences were no longer significant. In addition, there was an inverse relationship among men between binge‐drinking frequency and total polyunsaturates, linoleic, α‐linolenic, and eicosapentaenoic acids.Conclusion: Our cross‐sectional results suggest that alcohol consumption may impact the dietary intake of essential fatty acids (EFAs). Given the public health importance of both alcohol consumption and intakes of EFAs, prospective studies of the relation should be considered.
Ethical Decisions about Neonates in Norway
Authors: Brinchmann Berit Store 
Published: June 2007

The aim of the study was to generate knowledge about ethical decision making by nurses and physicians in hospitals' neonatal units. The research question was; What ethical assessments underlie decisions about whether to start, continue, or stop medical treatment of very sick premature babies. The background was the investigator's interest in the relevance of different ethical positions in neonatal units. The theoretical framework was normative ethics; deontologic ethics, utilitarianism, Aristotelian virtue‐ethics theory, and an ethics of proximity (Vetlesen, 1994). This study describes knowledge about how ethical choices are made in practice, and will increase the empiric knowledge about ethical choices in neonatal units.The study was descriptive. Empiric material was collected through field observations and interviews (Glaser & Strauss, 1967; Glaser 1978); 120 hours of field observations of physicians' and nurses' work with very sick premature babies were made during 10 months in 1995 and 1996 at one university hospital in northern Norway. In addition, 22 in‐depth interviews were conducted with 12 registered nurses and 4 physicians using a semi‐structured interview guide. Each interview was tape recorded and transcribed.
Negative evidence of parthenogenesis induction byWolbachiain a gallwasp species,Dryocosmus kuriphilus
Authors: Zhu Dao‐Hong , He Yi‐Yuan , Fan Yong‐Sheng , Ma Ming‐Yong , Peng De‐Liang 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe alpha‐proteobacteria of the genusWolbachiais a widespread group of maternally inherited endosymbionts of arthropod and nematode hosts.Wolbachiainfection induces a range of host phenotypes, including cytoplasmic incompatibility, male killing, feminization, and induction of thelytokous parthenogenesis. Heterogony (cyclical parthenogenesis) is a remarkable characteristic of oak gallwasps, Cynipini, the largest tribe of the Cynipidae. A few species of Cynipini are exceptional in that they are univoltine and exhibit thelytokous parthenogenesis, probably because they lost the arrhenotokous generation of their heterogonic ancestor species due toWolbachiainfection. In this study, the presence ofWolbachiawas detected using polymerase chain reaction primers for thewspgenes in a thelytokous parthenogenetic species [Dryocosmus kuriphilus(Yasumatsu)] (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini). Approximately 29.8 and 87.1% of adults of the Zhuzhou and Fuzhou strains, respectively, were infected withWolbachiawhile all females of the remaining four strains collected from other localities in China wereWolbachiafree. The length of thewspfragment of Zhuzhou and Fuzhou strains was found to be 573 and 561 bp, respectively. The nucleotide sequence of the bacterialwspfragment indicated that the endosymbiotic bacteria of the Zhuzhou and Fuzhou strains are members of supergroup A, but belong to different clades; they probably originated from two independent infection events. In conclusion, thelytokous parthenogenesis ofD. kuriphilusis not caused byWolbachiainfection and the deletion of the arrhenotokous generation is thus not associated with such an infection.
Child Care Health Consultation: An Ecological Model
Authors: Crowley Angela A. 
Published: June 2007

ISSUES AND PURPOSE.To present an ecological model of child care health consultation that defines the role of the health consultant as a resource and advocate within child care programs, as well as a supportive link among families, child care providers, and the healthcare system.CONCLUSIONS.Nurses have provided health consultation to child care programs for more than 30 years and represent the majority of health consultants nationally. Pediatric nurses and advanced practice nurses are well prepared to shape and lead the development of this emerging role.PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS.With expertise in caring for children, understanding families, and care across systems, pediatric nurses and advanced practice nurses should engage in current state and national efforts to develop child care health consultatits.
The Use of Dexamethasone in the Prevention of Postextubation Stridor in Pediatric Patients in PICU/NICU Settings: An Analytical Review
Authors: Jansaithong Jarassri 
Published: June 2007

ISSUES AND PURPOSE. Dexamethasone has been used to prevent postextubation stridor in children, but its use is controversial. Five randomized, controlled clinical trials were reviewed to analyze the effectiveness of prophylactic dexamethasone on postextubation stridor in pediatric patients.CONCLUSIONS. Previous studies had inconsistent results. Several factors may contribute to postextubation stridor in pediatric patients. Postextubation stridor and extubation failure do not always result from airway edema.PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS. In addition to prophylactic dexamethasone, other approaches should be used to prevent postextubation stridor, such as preparing the patient, following established guidelines, and providing appropriate postextubation care.
Activation of Ca2+‐dependent protein kinase II during repeated contractions in single muscle fibres from mouse is dependent on the frequency of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ release
Authors: Aydin J. , Korhonen T. , Tavi P. , Allen D. G. , Westerblad H. , Bruton J. D. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractAim:  To investigate the importance and contribution of calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) activity on sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+‐release in response to different work intensities in single, intact muscle fibres.Methods:  CaMKII activity was blocked in single muscle fibres using either the inhibitory peptide AC3‐I or the pharmacological inhibitor KN‐93. The effect on tetanic force production and [Ca2+]i was determined during work of different intensities. The activity of CaMKII was assessed by mathematical modelling.Results:  Using a standard protocol to induce fatigue (50× 70 Hz, 350 ms duration, every 2 s) the number of stimuli needed to induce fatigue was decreased from 47 ± 3 contractions in control to 33 ± 3 with AC3‐I. KN‐93 was a more potent inhibitor, decreasing the number of contractions needed to induce fatigue to 15 ± 3. Tetanic [Ca2+]i was 100 ± 11%, 97 ± 11% and 67 ± 11% at the end of stimulation in control, AC3‐I and KN‐93 respectively. A similar inhibition was obtained using a high intensity protocol (20× 70 Hz, 200 ms duration, every 300 ms). However, using a long interval protocol (25× 70 Hz, 350 ms duration, every 5 s) no change was observed in either tetanic [Ca2+]i or force when inhibiting CaMKII. A mathematical model used to investigate the activation pattern of CaMKII suggests that there is a threshold of active CaMKII that has to be surpassed in order for CaMKII to affect SR Ca2+ release.Conclusion:  Our results show that CaMKII is crucial for maintaining proper SR Ca2+ release and that this is regulated in a work intensity manner.
Resistance-Mediating
Plasmodium falciparum pfcrt
and
pfmdr1
Alleles after Treatment with Artesunate-Amodiaquine in Uganda
Authors: Nsobya Samuel L. , Dokomajilar Christian , Joloba Moses , Dorsey Grant , Rosenthal Philip J. 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACT

Key parasite polymorphisms were assessed in subjects treated for malaria with artesunate-amodiaquine in Tororo, Uganda. For
pfcrt
, all of the isolates tested had the CVIET haplotype. For
pfmdr1
, 86Y and 1246Y were common at baseline and their prevalences were significantly higher in new isolates after therapy, indicating that treatment selected for mutations associated with a decreased response to amodiaquine.
Pharmacokinetics of the Antiviral Agent β-
d
-2′-Deoxy-2′-Fluoro-2′-
C
-Methylcytidine in Rhesus Monkeys
Authors: Asif Ghazia , Hurwitz Selwyn J. , Shi Junxing , Hernandez-Santiago Brenda I. , Schinazi Raymond F. 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACT

β-
d
-2′-Deoxy-2′-fluoro-2′-
C
-methylcytidine (PSI-6130) is an effective inhibitor of hepatitis C virus (HCV) replication in vitro. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the single-dose pharmacokinetics of PSΙ-6130 in rhesus monkeys following intravenous (i.v.) and oral administration. Noncompartmental analysis of the serum data obtained following oral and i.v. administration was performed. Pharmacokinetic studies with rhesus monkeys indicated slow and incomplete absorption with a mean absorption time (MAT) of 4.6 h and an oral bioavailability of 24.0% ± 14.3% (mean ± standard deviation), with comparable mean apparent half-lives following i.v. (4.54 ± 3.98 h) and oral (5.64 ± 1.13 h) administrations. The average percentages of the total dose recovered unchanged and in deaminated form in the urine were 32.9% ± 12.6% and 18.9% ± 6.6% (i.v.) and 6.0% ± 3.9% and 3.9% ± 1.0% (oral), respectively. The total bioavailability, taking into account the parent drug and its deaminated metabolite 2′-deoxy-2′-fluoro-2′-
C
-methyluridine (PSI-6206), was 64% ± 26%. PSI-6130 was present in the cerebrospinal fluid after oral and i.v. dosing. However, no deamination of radiolabeled PSI-6130 was detected after 8 h of incubation in monkey and human whole blood. An
N
4
-modified prodrug of PSI-6130 (PSI-6419) was orally administered to monkeys, but it failed to improve the oral bioavailability of PSI-6130. Further studies are warranted to improve the oral bioavailability and reduce the deamination of PSI-6130 in order to explore the potential of this drug for the treatment of HCV-infected individuals.
Increased Survival after Gemfibrozil Treatment of Severe Mouse Influenza
Authors: Budd Alison , Alleva Lisa , Alsharifi Mohammed , Koskinen Aulikki , Smythe Victoria , Müllbacher Arno , Wood Jeff , Clark Ian 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACT

Gemfibrozil, an agent that inhibits production of proinflammatory cytokines in addition to its clinically useful lipid-lowering activity, increased survival in BALB/c mice that were already ill from infection by influenza virus A/Japan/305/57 (H2N2). Gemfibrozil was administered intraperitoneally once daily from days 4 to 10 after intranasal exposure to the virus. Survival increased from 26% in vehicle-treated mice (
n
= 50) to 52% in mice given gemfibrozil at 60 mg/kg/day (
n
= 46) (
P
= 0.0026). If this principle translates to patients, a drug already approved for human use, albeit by a different route for another purpose, might be adapted relatively fast for use against influenza, conceivably including human infection with a derivative of the avian H5N1 strain.