bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diabetes Mellitus and Hyperlipidemia Status Among Hypertensive Patients in the Community and Influencing Factors Analysis of Blood Pressure Control
Authors: Zhang Shijia , Yang Yunou , Chen Xiongfei , Fan Liumei , Wu Jiagang , Liu Xiangyi , Lin Weiquan , Zhai Zhiyu , Lin Guozhen , Liu Hui , Zhou Qin 
Published: February 2025

AbstractTo evaluate the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and hyperlipidemia in hypertensive patients in South China and assess the relationship between these comorbidities and blood pressure control to develop targeted strategies for hypertension management. Data from the 2020 Guangzhou National Basic Public Health Service Program were analyzed using Chi‐square tests, t‐tests, and logistic regression with R 4.1.2. Among 275,789 hypertensive patients, the blood pressure control rate was 51.51%. The prevalence of T2DM and hyperlipidemia comorbidities was 12.79%, with 12.78% for T2DM alone, 33.54% for hyperlipidemia alone, and 40.89% with no comorbidities. Blood pressure control rates significantly differed by comorbidity (p < 0.05): 52.84% for those without T2DM/hyperlipidemia, 54.18%, 49.25% for T2DM or hyperlipidemia alone, and 50.52% for both conditions. Multivariate analysis indicated a lower blood pressure control rate in patients with hyperlipidemia alone (OR = 1.144) or both T2DM and hyperlipidemia (OR = 1.082), and a higher rate in those with T2DM alone (OR = 0.936). Subgroup analysis revealed that males, older age, higher education, obesity, alcohol use, lack of physical activity, and poor medication adherence were associated with lower control rates. This study found a high prevalence of diabetes and hyperlipidemia among hypertensive patients in Guangzhou. Additionally, hypertensive patients with hyperlipidemia had poorer blood pressure control compared to other diabetic patients. Key factors such as obesity, being overweight, and unhealthy lifestyle choices significantly impact blood pressure management in this population. Therefore, comprehensive measures should be implemented to integrate lipid management into community health efforts and to effectively control blood pressure levels among hypertensive patients.
Association Between a New Model of Insulin Sensitivity and Hypertension in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Ji Baolan , Shi Shuwei , Gao Guanqi , Wang Yangang , Ban Bo 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTType 2 diabetes (T2D) and hypertension often coexist, and insulin resistance (IR) plays an important role in their pathological progression. An increasing number of studies have focused on the relationship between different IR indices and hypertension. A natural log transformation of the glucose disposal rate (loge GDR) has been proposed as a new model for insulin sensitivity in patients with T2D. The study aimed to explore the relationship between loge GDR and hypertension in T2D patients. This cross‐sectional study included 1544 Chinese T2D patients. Clinical and biochemical characteristics were collected. The loge GDR was calculated based on triglycerides, urinary albumin to creatinine ratio, gamma‐glutamyl transferase, and body mass index. Patients were categorized into hypertension and nonhypertension groups stratified by gender. Among both females and males, compared with the nonhypertension group, the level of loge GDR was significantly decreased in the hypertension group (both p < 0.001). As the loge GDR increased, the levels of systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and the prevalence of hypertension were obviously increased (all p < 0.001). Univariate analysis displayed that loge GDR was negatively related to hypertension (correlation coefficient: −0.243, p < 0.001 in females; correlation coefficient: −0.181, p < 0.001 in males). Furthermore, the logistic regression analysis showed that loge GDR was independently associated with hypertension (OR: 0.456; 95% CI: 0.224–0.927 in females; OR: 0.544; 95% CI: 0.314–0.941 in males). This study revealed that loge GDR was closely related to hypertension, which might help monitor and manage hypertension in T2D patients.
Directional Temporal Relationship Between Hypertension and Non‐Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Cross‐Lagged Cohort Study
Authors: Tang Jianmin , Aheyeerke Halengbieke , Ni Xuetong , Cao Tengrui , Wang Xuan , Chen Shuo , Han Yumei , Kong Linrun , Yang Xinghua 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe temporal relationship between non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and hypertension (HTN) remains unclear despite their known association. Using data from the Beijing Health Management Cohort (BHMC) with a 5‐year follow‐up, we investigated these bidirectional links through Cox proportional hazards regression and a cross‐lagged panel model (CLPM), adjusting for confounders. Systolic/diastolic blood pressure (SBP/DBP) and hepatic steatosis index (HSI) were treated as continuous variables to enhance biological interpretability. Cox regression revealed that HTN increased the risk of NAFLD (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.15, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01–1.30, p < 0.05) among participants without NAFLD at baseline, while NAFLD elevated the risk of HTN (HR: 1.11, 95% CI: 1.02–1.21, p < 0.05) among those without HTN at baseline. However, CLPM involving 7349 participants identified a unidirectional temporal relationship from HTN to NAFLD, regression coefficients βSBP2017→HSI2022: 0.036 (95% CI: 0.012, 0.059), βDBP2017→HSI2022: −0.044 (95% CI: −0.068, −0.020), both p < 0.05; but not from NAFLD to HTN, regression coefficients βHSI2017→SBP2022: 0.017 (95% CI: −0.003,0.037), βHSI2017→DBP2022:0.006 (95% CI: −0.016,0.028), both p > 0.05. Overall, our study demonstrates a unidirectional temporal association from HTN to NAFLD. However, a bidirectional relationship was also observed in individuals under 60 years and in those without central obesity. These findings highlight the importance of considering age and central obesity to manage HTN to reduce the risk of future NAFLD and to manage NAFLD to reduce the risk of future HTN.
Evaluation of A Combination of Ketamine and Dexmedetomidine as A Field Anesethetic Protocol for Immobilization of Golden‐Mantled Howler Monkeys (Alouatta palliata palliata)
Authors: Nodolf Shannon B. , Smith Joseph A. , Volle Kurt A. , Bernal‐Valle Sofía , Russell Maraiah 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe golden‐mantled howler monkey (Alouatta palliata palliata) is an endangered primate experiencing acute population declines for reasons not fully identified. Health and disease monitoring are critical factors for understanding animal and ecosystem health, yet limited research has been achieved in this species due to difficulties in successful immobilization and sample collection. The purpose of this research is to investigate the efficacy of combined ketamine and dexmedetomidine in providing safe field anesthesia for golden‐mantled howler monkeys (A. palliata palliata) to perform physical examinations and biological data collection.MethodsEighteen free‐ranging golden‐mantled howler monkeys from the Marino las Baulas National Park in Costa Rica received a remote intramuscular injection of a ketamine‐dexmedetomidine combination. Anesthetic timing intervals, cardiorespiratory parameters, and venous blood gases were evaluated.ResultsSuccessful anesthesia was induced with mean doses of ketamine 8.65 mg/kg (±0.9) and dexmedetomidine 0.043 mg/kg (±0). Recoveries after reversal administration were rapid and smooth, with all animals successfully reintroduced to their colonies within 49 min (mean 38 min) of reversal administration.ConclusionsKetamine‐dexmedetomidine combination is effective at inducing the appropriate anesthetic plane required for field work in this species and should be considered for in situ capture of free‐ranging mantled howler monkeys.
Enhancing Consumer Satisfaction in Complex Choices Through a Sequential Elimination Approach
Authors: Poluektova Olga , Barjaková Martina , Lunn Peter D. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTConsumers often face challenges in making choices when their preferences are unclear, the number of alternatives is high, and information is complex. This can result in reduced engagement and satisfaction with the process and result of choice. These negative effects can be countered by sequentially eliminating choice alternatives via a series of more manageable trade‐offs. We applied this approach to private health insurance choices, designing a product comparison tool that splits this complex decision into a sequence of simpler trade‐offs. In a pre‐registered online study with 801 participants, we compared the sequential tool to a regulator's existing comparison tool. Results showed higher satisfaction and a clear preference for the sequential tool across sociodemographic groups. The sequential tool also positively influenced satisfaction with chosen health insurance plans. Our findings support the potential of simplified, sequential elimination to enhance choice satisfaction, suggesting opportunities for developing consumer decision aids in complex product markets.
Xanthine Derivative KMUP‐3 Alleviates Periodontal Bone Resorption by Inhibiting Osteoclastogenesis and Macrophage Pyroptosis
Authors: Huang Shang‐En , Hu Kai‐Fang , Lin Meng‐Xuan , Tseng Ching‐Jiunn , Wu Bin‐Nan , Dai Zen‐Kong , Hsu Jong‐Hau , Yeh Jwu‐Lai 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTAimThis study investigated the function effects of KMUP‐3, a self‐developed synthetic xanthine‐based derivative, in suppressing Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg‐LPS)‐aggravated osteoclastogenesis and pyroptosis as a potential treatment for periodontitis.MethodsIn vitro, the effects of Pg‐LPS and KMUP‐3 on osteoclast formation and macrophage pyroptosis were investigated using the receptor activator of nuclear factor‐κB ligand (RANKL)‐primed RAW264.7 macrophages. In vivo, the therapeutic effects of KMUP‐3 were evaluated in a model of experimental periodontitis induced by gingival ligature placement.ResultsWe reveal that KMUP‐3 suppressed osteoclastogenesis, inducible nitric oxide synthase activation, and reduced nitric oxide production enhanced by Pg‐LPS in RANKL‐primed RAW264.7 cells while also decreasing TLR4/NF‐κB p65 pathway activation and decreased pro‐inflammatory cytokine production; moreover, Pg‐LPS promoted NLRP3 activation and exacerbated pyroptosis induction effects that were abolished by KMUP‐3. Finally, KMUP‐3 ameliorated alveolar bone loss and IL‐1β levels in the gingival crevicular fluid in the rat ligature periodontitis model.ConclusionsOur study demonstrated that KMUP‐3 attenuates Pg‐LPS‐enhanced osteoclastogenesis and macrophage pyroptosis. Notably, KMUP‐3 alleviates alveolar bone loss in experimental periodontitis rats and thus suggests its certain role in safeguarding against periodontal bone resorption.
Coagulation status of immune‐mediated polyarthritis in dogs
Authors: Packham L. A. F. , Black V. 
Published: February 2025

ObjectiveTo describe the coagulation status of dogs with immune‐mediated polyarthritis.Materials and MethodsHospital records at a single referral centre were retrospectively reviewed for dogs diagnosed with immune‐mediated polyarthritis. Cases were classified as hypercoagulable, normocoagulable, hypocoagulable, or hypercoagulable and hypocoagulable according to the results of viscoelastic testing performed at the time of diagnosis. Other data including signalment, body weight, age at diagnosis, haematological and biochemical laboratory findings, number of joints sampled and synovial fluid analysis, and short‐term outcome were recorded. Breed predisposition was defined through comparison to the hospital population and odds ratio calculation.ResultsThirty‐eight dogs were included with a median age of diagnosis of 4 years (range 9 months to 10 years). One dog (2.6%) was classified as hypercoagulable, 32 (84.2%) were classified as normocoagulable, four (10.5%) were classified as hypocoagulable and one dog (2.6%) had changes associated with both hypercoagulability and hypocoagulability.Clinical SignificanceIn contrast to other systemic inflammatory disorders, immune‐mediated polyarthritis was not commonly associated with either hypo‐ or hypercoagulability in this cohort of dogs.
Factors Associated With Complementary Feeding Practices in Afghanistan: Analysis of the Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2022–2023
Authors: Gardner Hannah , Prakash Atma , Rawal Shweta , Azimi Said M. Yaqoob , Joe William , Murira Zivai , Sethi Vani 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTChildren between the ages of 6 and 23 months require the age‐appropriate introduction of complementary foods alongside breastfeeding to meet their nutritional needs, but in humanitarian settings children frequently do not receive appropriate diets. Using data from 9193 children aged 6–23 months in the Afghanistan Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2022–2023, this paper provides nationally representative estimates of the percentage of children meeting key IYCF indicators and assesses the child, maternal and household determinants of receiving minimum dietary diversity (MDD), minimum meal frequency (MMF) and minimum acceptable diet (MAD) using multivariable logistic regression. Results showed that 85%, 65% and 93% of children were not fed a diet that met MDD, MMF or MAD criteria, respectively. Older children (18–23 months) had significantly higher odds of meeting all three criteria compared to younger children (6–11 months) (MDD aOR = 2.46, 95% CI: 1.93–3.12; MMF aOR = 1.29, 95% CI: 1.11–1.50; MAD aOR = 2.00, 95% CI: 1.51–2.65), as did children from the richest households (vs. poorest) (MDD aOR = 2.85, 95% CI: 1.72–4.70; MMF aOR = 1.82, 95% CI: 1.35–2.46; MAD aOR = 3.88, 95% CI: 2.14–7.04). There was substantial variation in the odds of all outcomes by region. Rural residence (vs. urban) was also associated with higher odds of receiving MMF (aOR = 1.60, 95% CI: 1.25–2.05) and MAD (aOR = 1.69, 95% CI: 1.18–2.42) but not MDD. Overall, alarmingly few children in Afghanistan are receiving appropriate complementary diets amidst a context of concurrent political, economic and environmental crises. Reversals to funding reductions are vital to ensure proven interventions responding to the determinants identified here continue to be delivered to support nutrition among Afghanistan's infants and young children.
Hoarding the intangible: Language as an object of colonial collecting
Authors: Shulist Sarah 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThis commentary builds on the concept of “colonial hoarding” by considering how it applies to intangible cultural practices, such as language. The central processes and practices that allow language to fit within this system are its artefactualization—its ontological transformation into something tangible—and its subsequent circulation through regimes of property and access. Building on my experience as a linguistic anthropologist working with Indigenous communities on language revitalization, I propose that these processes emerge, sometimes unintentionally, from the foundational ideologies that inform scholarly work on “endangered” languages. By using the concept of “colonial hoarding” in this way, I argue that we can further the discussion about Indigenous language reclamation by recognizing the relationship to what is happening to other types of ancestors.
Neuromuscular Junction Damage in the Calf Muscles of Patients With Advanced Peripheral Artery Disease
Authors: Tu Huiyin , Hakim Ali H. , Kim Julian K. , Zhu Zhen , Tian Yuqian , Pipinos Iraklis I. , Li Yu‐Long 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTAimsPeripheral artery disease (PAD) reduces blood flow to the legs and causes severe muscle and leg dysfunction for PAD patients. Skeletal muscle contractile function is dependent on the health of the muscle itself and that of the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) on the muscle membrane.MethodsTo determine whether the NMJ, including the motor nerve terminals and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR), is damaged in PAD, gastrocnemius muscles were collected from 3 controls and 13 PAD patients to capture images from 331 control NMJs and 512 PAD NMJs.ResultsFor the motor nerve terminals, there were more denervated nAChR clusters and fewer nerve terminal occupancies in NMJs in PAD patients, compared with controls. For the nAChR clusters in the NMJs, the area per nAChR cluster was 369.3 ± 6.7 versus 225.2 ± 5.3 μm2, the area per fragment was 195.9 ± 9.2 versus 107.1 ± 3.1 μm2, the number of fragments per nAChR cluster was 2.3 ± 0.1 versus 3.2 ± 0.1, the nAChR cluster area per endplate area was 75.7 ± 1.6 versus 55.7 ± 1.1%, total distance of fragments per nAChR cluster was 4.6 ± 0.4 versus 8.8 ± 0.8 μm, and the fragmented nAChR clusters were 7.6% versus 21.6% of total nAChR clusters in controls versus PAD patients, respectively (p < 0.05 in all parameters).ConclusionsOur data demonstrate deterioration of the motor nerve terminals and nAChR clusters, which may compromise neuromuscular transmission, and contribute to the severe leg dysfunction observed in patients with PAD.
National screening for delirium in paediatric intensive care units: A quality improvement initiative
Authors: Blackwood Bronagh , Aitken Leanne M. , Craske Jennie , Gala‐Peralta Sandra , Liew Ashley , Murray Maeve , McIlmurray Lisa , Tume Lyvonne N. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBackgroundInternationally, one in three children develop delirium during their intensive care stay. International guidelines strongly recommend twice‐daily screening for paediatric delirium using validated instruments. In the United Kingdom and Ireland, delirium was assessed only when suspected and few intensive care units (ICUs) used validated instruments.AimThis initiative aimed to implement a national screening strategy in 28 paediatric intensive care units (PICUs) across the United Kingdom and Ireland.Study DesignThe strategy involved: (a) rapidly reviewing, evaluating and ranking paediatric screening instruments for sensitivity, specificity, appropriateness and acceptability for national implementation; (b) achieving national agreement to implement a common tool; (c) creating and disseminating training materials while supporting training personnel in implementation; and (d) integrating delirium monitoring within the Paediatric Intensive Care Audit Network national database.ResultsAmong seven validated instruments, the top ranked options (from 1, most applicable to 7, least applicable) were the Cornell Assessment of Pediatric Delirium (average rank 1.25) and the Sophia Observation withdrawal Symptoms‐Paediatric Delirium scale (1.5). Twenty‐three units voted for their preferred choice of instrument: fifteen preferred the Cornell instrument, eight favoured the Sophia instrument and five did not respond. Training and implementation began in November 2021 and by March 2023 18 of the 28 units (64%) had successfully implemented screening. The national database began actively collecting delirium data from units in January 2024.ConclusionsThis initiative outlined critical steps for implementing and maintaining practice of delirium screening in PICUs. We provided clinicians with validated screening tools for detecting paediatric delirium and the necessary support and infrastructure to maintain screening. Embedding and sustaining screening is an ongoing challenge.Relevance to Clinical PracticeUndertaking routine screening for all intensive care patients from admission to discharge using validated instruments will provide earlier detection and treatment for critically ill children. This strategy offers a model for standardized and effective implementation in clinical practice in ICUs.
Field‐Deployable RPA/Cas12a Diagnostic Assay for On‐Site Detection of Alternaria Section Alternaria in Sweet Cherry
Authors: Hussain Rafakat , Hu Jia‐Jie , Zhao Bing‐Yu , Aarti Aarti , Karim Mohammad Mazharul , Yin Wei‐Xiao , Luo Chao‐Xi 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTAlternaria section Alternaria causes diseases in many fruit and vegetable varieties on a global scale and causes considerable losses. The wide distribution and ecological adaptability in different ecological niches make it important for plant and animal health. Therefore, comprehensive and rapid detection and diagnosis of Alternaria section Alternaria are required, enabling farmers to develop timely, effective, and accurate management strategies to mitigate the impact on agricultural yields and quality. Here, we present the development of a rapid and specific detection method that can be completed within 40 min. Remarkably, this assay can be performed with mini‐UV light or ordinary incandescent light from a mobile phone, allowing detection with the naked eye. The sensitivity of the assay is impressive, with a lowest detection limit of 9.5 × 104 fg/μL DNA of the target pathogen, ensuring reliable detection even at low pathogen densities. The evaluation of the specificity of the assay showed that it can detect the target pathogen with no cross‐reactivity with other common fungal pathogens on stone fruits such as cherry and peach. Furthermore, the RPA/Cas12a assay was demonstrated to detect all strains from different geographical regions of China. In simulation of field application, the RPA/Cas12a assay displayed high specificity and sensitivity, accurately distinguishing the diseased fruit inoculated with Alternaria alternata from healthy samples, reaffirming its reliability and practicality for on‐site detection. In summary, the RPA/Cas12a assay offers rapid, sensitive, and specific detection and can be applied directly in the field without compromising sensitivity and specificity.
Phytohormones enhance resistance to Tenebrio molitor by regulating reactive oxygen species and phenolic metabolism in pigeon pea
Authors: Yang Jie , Li Hongquan , Zhang Su , Zhang Yuexin , Xie Jianbo , Wink Michael , Fu Yujie 
Published: February 2025

AbstractPigeon pea is an important economic crop with medicinal and nutritional value. Unfortunately, pest infestation of leaves during postharvest storage seriously affects the quality of pigeon pea. Phytohormones play a crucial role in disease and pest defence by regulating the accumulation of specialized metabolites. Still, their impact on the postharvest storage of pigeon pea has not been reported. In this study, the physiological parameters and main phenotypes of pigeon pea leaves treated with MeJA, ABA, and GA were investigated for the first time. The activity of the antioxidant enzyme system, which eliminates reactive oxygen species, was enhanced by applying MeJA, GA, and ABA. MeJA, GA, and ABA significantly affected crown width, plant height, and relative water content in pigeon pea, respectively. Metabolomic profiling analysis identified phenolic compounds as the main differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs). UPLC‐QqQ‐MS/MS identified stilbenes, flavanones, flavones, isoflavones and anthocyanins as major phenolic compounds responsive to MeJA, GA, and ABA induction. By feeding insects, it was found that the insects fed on MeJA‐, ABA‐, and GA‐treated leaves less than on control leaves. Correlation analysis confirmed that isoflavones play an important role in this process. Moreover, the expression of key genes involved in flavonoid biosynthetic pathways and anti‐insect‐related genes was regulated by MeJA, GA, and ABA. Overall, this work provides a new strategy for the cultivation and storage of pigeon pea or other commercial crops and preliminarily clarifies that flavonoid metabolites under plant hormone treatment can promote plant growth and defence against insects by regulating reactive oxygen species.