bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
INVESTIGATIONS OF THE FLAVOR SYMMETRY, RADIATIVE SEESAW MODEL AND COLD DARK MATTER
Authors: OKADA HIROSHI 
Published: July 2007

It is now clear that the masses of the neutrino sector are much lighter than those of the other three sectors. Canonial seesaw model would be the most famous for the above explanation. But one must introduce heavy particles that will not be able to observed with present scientific technologies. On the other hand, there are many attempts to explain the neutrino masses radiatively by means of inert Higgses, which do not have the vacuum expectation values. Then one can discuss cold dark matter candidates, because of no needing so heavy particles. The most famous work would be the Zee model17. Recently a new type model (hep-ph/0601225)4 along this line of thought was proposed by E. Ma. We adopted this idea, and then we introduced a new flavor symmetry to constrain the Yukawa sector. So our model might be more predictive, and can be investigated at LHC. I will present how we can obserb the particular signal at LHC, and what we can predict about the neutrino sector.
IL-13-induced proliferation of airway epithelial cells: mediation by intracellular growth factor mobilization and ADAM17
Authors: Booth Brian W , Sandifer Tracy , Martin Erika L , Martin Linda D 
Published: July 2007

AbstractBackgroundThe pleiotrophic cytokine interleukin (IL)-13 features prominently in allergic and inflammatory diseases. In allergic asthma, IL-13 is well established as an inducer of airway inflammation and tissue remodeling. We demonstrated previously that IL-13 induces release of transforming growth factor-α (TGFα) from human bronchial epithelial cells, with proliferation of these cells mediated by the autocrine/paracrine action of this growth factor. TGFα exists as an integral membrane protein and requires proteolytic processing to its mature form, with a disintegrin and metalloproteinase (ADAM)17 responsible for this processing in a variety of tissues.MethodsIn this study, normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cells grown in air/liquid interface (ALI) culture were used to examine the mechanisms whereby IL-13 induces release of TGFα and cellular proliferation. Inhibitors and antisense RNA were used to examine the role of ADAM17 in these processes, while IL-13-induced changes in the intracellular expression of TGFα and ADAM17 were visualized by confocal microscopy.ResultsIL-13 was found to induce proliferation of NHBE cells, and release of TGFα, in an ADAM17-dependent manner; however, this IL-13-induced proliferation did not appear to result solely from ADAM17 activation. Rather, IL-13 induced a change in the location of TGFα expression from intracellular to apical regions of the NHBE cells. The apical region was also found to be a site of significant ADAM17 expression, even prior to IL-13 stimulation.ConclusionResults from this study indicate that ADAM17 mediates IL-13-induced proliferation and TGFα shedding in NHBE cells. Furthermore, they provide the first example wherein a cytokine (IL-13) induces a change in the intracellular expression pattern of a growth factor, apparently inducing redistribution of intracellular stores of TGFα to the apical region of NHBE cells where expression of ADAM17 is prominent. Thus, IL-13-induced, ADAM17-mediated release of TGFα, and subsequent epithelial cell proliferation, could contribute to the epithelial hypertrophy, as well as other features, associated with airway remodeling in allergic asthma.
Phenotype clustering of breast epithelial cells in confocal images based on nuclear protein distribution analysis
Authors: Long Fuhui , Peng Hanchuan , Sudar Damir , Lelièvre Sophie A , Knowles David W 
Published: July 2007

Abstract

Background
The distribution of chromatin-associated proteins plays a key role in directing nuclear function. Previously, we developed an image-based method to quantify the nuclear distributions of proteins and showed that these distributions depended on the phenotype of human mammary epithelial cells. Here we describe a method that creates a hierarchical tree of the given cell phenotypes and calculates the statistical significance between them, based on the clustering analysis of nuclear protein distributions.

Results
Nuclear distributions of nuclear mitotic apparatus protein were previously obtained for non-neoplastic S1 and malignant T4-2 human mammary epithelial cells cultured for up to 12 days. Cell phenotype was defined as S1 or T4-2 and the number of days in cultured. A probabilistic ensemble approach was used to define a set of consensus clusters from the results of multiple traditional cluster analysis techniques applied to the nuclear distribution data. Cluster histograms were constructed to show how cells in any one phenotype were distributed across the consensus clusters. Grouping various phenotypes allowed us to build phenotype trees and calculate the statistical difference between each group. The results showed that non-neoplastic S1 cells could be distinguished from malignant T4-2 cells with 94.19% accuracy; that proliferating S1 cells could be distinguished from differentiated S1 cells with 92.86% accuracy; and showed no significant difference between the various phenotypes of T4-2 cells corresponding to increasing tumor sizes.

Conclusion
This work presents a cluster analysis method that can identify significant cell phenotypes, based on the nuclear distribution of specific proteins, with high accuracy.
Cloning and expression of a zebrafish SCN1B ortholog and identification of a species-specific splice variant
Authors: Fein Amanda J , Meadows Laurence S , Chen Chunling , Slat Emily A , Isom Lori L 
Published: July 2007

Abstract

Background
Voltage-gated Na+ channel β1 (Scn1b) subunits are multi-functional proteins that play roles in current modulation, channel cell surface expression, cell adhesion, cell migration, and neurite outgrowth. We have shown previously that β1 modulates electrical excitability in vivo using a mouse model. Scn1b null mice exhibit spontaneous seizures and ataxia, slowed action potential conduction, decreased numbers of nodes of Ranvier in myelinated axons, alterations in nodal architecture, and differences in Na+ channel α subunit localization. The early death of these mice at postnatal day 19, however, make them a challenging model system to study. As a first step toward development of an alternative model to investigate the physiological roles of β1 subunits in vivo we cloned two β1-like subunit cDNAs from D. rerio.

Results
Two β1-like subunit mRNAs from zebrafish, scn1ba_tv1 and scn1ba_tv2, arise from alternative splicing of scn1ba. The deduced amino acid sequences of Scn1ba_tv1 and Scn1ba_tv2 are identical except for their C-terminal domains. The C-terminus of Scn1ba_tv1 contains a tyrosine residue similar to that found to be critical for ankyrin association and Na+ channel modulation in mammalian β1. In contrast, Scn1ba_tv2 contains a unique, species-specific C-terminal domain that does not contain a tyrosine. Immunohistochemical analysis shows that, while the expression patterns of Scn1ba_tv1 and Scn1ba_tv2 overlap in some areas of the brain, retina, spinal cord, and skeletal muscle, only Scn1ba_tv1 is expressed in optic nerve where its staining pattern suggests nodal expression. Both scn1ba splice forms modulate Na+ currents expressed by zebrafish scn8aa, resulting in shifts in channel gating mode, increased current amplitude, negative shifts in the voltage dependence of current activation and inactivation, and increases in the rate of recovery from inactivation, similar to the function of mammalian β1 subunits. In contrast to mammalian β1, however, neither zebrafish subunit produces a complete shift to the fast gating mode and neither subunit produces complete channel inactivation or recovery from inactivation.

Conclusion
These data add to our understanding of structure-function relationships in Na+ channel β1 subunits and establish zebrafish as an ideal system in which to determine the contribution of scn1ba to electrical excitability in vivo.
Characterization of thimet oligopeptidase and neurolysin activities in B16F10-Nex2 tumor cells and their involvement in angiogenesis and tumor growth
Authors: Paschoalin Thaysa , Carmona Adriana K , Rodrigues Elaine G , Oliveira Vitor , Monteiro Hugo P , Juliano Maria A , Juliano Luiz , Travassos Luiz R 
Published: July 2007

AbstractBackgroundAngiogenesis is a fundamental process that allows tumor growth by providing nutrients and oxygen to the tumor cells. Beyond the oxygen diffusion limit from a capillary blood vessel, tumor cells become apoptotic. Angiogenesis results from a balance of pro- and anti-angiogenic stimuli. Endogenous inhibitors regulate enzyme activities that promote angiogenesis. Tumor cells may express pro-angiogenic factors and hydrolytic enzymes but also kinin-degrading oligopeptidases which have been investigated.ResultsAngiogenesis induced by B16F10-Nex2 melanoma cells was studied in a co-culture with HUVEC on Matrigel. A stimulating effect on angiogenesis was observed in the presence of B16F10-Nex2 lysate and plasma membrane. In contrast, the B16F10-Nex2 culture supernatant inhibited angiogenesis in a dose-dependent manner. This effect was abolished by the endo-oligopeptidase inhibitor, JA-2. Thimet oligopeptidase (TOP) and neurolysin activities were then investigated in B16F10-Nex2 melanoma cells aiming at gene sequencing, enzyme distribution and activity, influence on tumor development, substrate specificity, hydrolytic products and susceptibility to inhibitors. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) peptides as well as neurotensin and bradykinin were used as substrates. The hydrolytic activities in B16F10-Nex2 culture supernatant were totally inhibited byo-phenanthrolin, JA-2 and partially by Pro-Ile. Leupeptin, PMSF, E-64, Z-Pro-Prolinal and captopril failed to inhibit these hydrolytic activities. Genes encoding M3A enzymes in melanoma cells were cloned and sequenced being highly similar to mouse genes. A decreased proliferation of B16F10-Nex2 cells was observed in vitro with specific inhibitors of these oligopeptidases. Active rTOP but not the inactive protein inhibited melanoma cell development in vivo increasing significantly the survival of mice challenged with the tumor cells. On Matrigel, rTOP inhibited the bradykinin – induced angiogenesis. A possible regulation of the homologous tumor enzyme in the perivascular microenvironment is suggested based on the observed rTOP inhibition by an S-nitrosothiol NO donor.ConclusionData show that melanoma cells secrete endo-oligopeptidases which have an important role in tumor proliferation in vitro and in vivo. rTOP inhibited growth of subcutaneously injected B16F10-Nex2 cells in mice. TOP from tumor cells and bradykinin in endothelial cells are two antagonist factors that may control angiogenesis essential for melanoma growth. A regulatory role of NO or S-nitrosothiols is suggested.
Are alexithymia and emotional characteristics of disclosure associated with blood pressure reactivity and psychological distress following written emotional disclosure/
Authors: O'Connor Daryl B. , Ashley Laura 
Published: July 2007

Objectives This study had three aims: 1) to investigate whether cardiovascular responses to laboratory stress and levels of emotional distress were attenuated following written emotional disclosure; 2) to test, in addition to the potential main effects, whether levels of alexithymia moderated the impact of writing; and 3) to examine whether alexithymics who successfully disclosed emotion in their essays would experience positive effects following writing.Design and methods Eighty‐seven participants wrote about their most stressful life experience or about a non‐stressful experience, for 15 minutes, over 3 consecutive days. Two weeks later, blood pressure (BP) responses to laboratory stress and levels of emotional distress were assessed. Emotional characteristics of the disclosure essays were analysed with the Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count programme and alexithymia was assessed at baseline using the Toronto Alexithymia Scale‐20.Results Analyses found no evidence in support of the main effects of disclosure on cardiovascular responses to stress or on emotional distress. However, alexithymia was found to moderate the impact of writing such that non‐alexithymic participants in the experimental condition reported significantly lower emotional distress 2 weeks later. In addition, alexithymic participants who disclosed a greater number of negative when compared with positive emotion words exhibited reduced systolic and diastolic responses to stress. Conversely, non‐alexithymic participants who disclosed more positive and less negative emotion words displayed attenuated BP reactivity to stress.Conclusions The results of this exploratory study are important as they highlighted, in the absence of main effects, the importance of examining potential moderators of the emotional writing process. These findings may have implications for the development of cardiovascular health interventions.
Determination of the accessible hydroxyl groups in heat-treated Styrax tonkinensis (Pierre) Craib ex Hartwich wood by hydrogen-deuterium exchange and 2H NMR spectroscopy
Authors: Phuong Le Xuan , Takayama Masato , Shida Satoshi , Matsumoto Yuji , Aoyagi Tetsuo 
Published: July 2007

Abstract
A new approach based on hydrogen-deuterium exchange is proposed for measuring accessible OH groups in wood. The deuterium (D) exchanged for hydrogen in OH groups in wood was converted to D2O by combustion in oxygen gas then diluted in deionized water, and subsequently determined by 2H NMR spectroscopy. The amount of accessible OH groups in Styrax tonkinensis wood is approximately 6.8 mmol g-1. This measurement is very accurate, with an error of approximately 0.2 mmol g-1. Heat-treated wood has a lower amount of accessible OH groups than non-treated wood. This finding is in agreement with the decreased hygroscopicity of heat-treated wood and explains, at least partially, its increased fungal resistance.
Phase 1 study of lonafarnib (SCH 66336) and imatinib mesylate in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia who have failed prior single‐agent therapy with imatinib
Authors: Cortes Jorge , Jabbour Elias , Daley George Q. , O'Brien Susan , Verstovsek Srdan , Ferrajoli Alessandra , Koller Charles , Zhu Yali , Statkevich Paul , Kantarjian Hagop 
Published: July 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND.Lonafarnib is an orally bioavailable nonpetidomimetic farnesyl transferase inhibitor with significant activity against BCR‐ABL‐positive cell lines and primary human chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) cells. Lonafarnib can inhibit the proliferation of imatinib‐resistant cells and increases imatinib‐induced apoptosis in vitro in cells from imatinib‐resistant patients.METHODS.The authors conducted a phase 1 study of lonafarnib in combination with imatinib in patients with CML who failed imatinib therapy. The starting dose level for patients with chronic phase (CP) disease was imatinib, 400 mg/day, plus lonafarnib at a dose of 100 mg twice daily. The starting dose levels for accelerated phase (AP) and blast phase (BP) disease were 600 mg/day and 100 mg twice daily, respectively.RESULTS.A total of 23 patients were treated (9 with CP, 11 with AP, and 3 with BP) for a median of 25 weeks (range, 4–102 weeks). Of those with CP disease, 2 patients had grade 3 (according to the National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria [version 2.0]) dose‐limiting toxicities (DLTs) at the 400 + 125‐mg dose, including diarrhea (2 patients), vomiting (1 patient), and fatigue (1 patient). In patients with AP/BP disease, DLTs were observed at the 600 + 125‐mg dose and was comprised of diarrhea (1 patient) and hypokalemia (1 patient). Eight patients (35%) responded; 3 with CP disease achieved a complete hematologic response (CHR) (2 patients) and a complete cytogenetic response (1 patient). Three patients with AP disease responded (2 CHR, 1 partial cytogenetic response), and 2 patients with BP disease demonstrated hematologic improvement. Pharmacokinetics data suggest no apparent increase in exposure or changes in the pharmacokinetics of either lonafarnib or imatinib when they are coadministered.CONCLUSIONS.The results of the current study indicate that the combination of lonafarnib and imatinib is well tolerated and the maximum tolerated dose of lonafarnib is 100 mg twice daily when combined with imatinib at a dose of either 400 mg or 600 mg daily. Cancer 2007. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
Exact integration and its application in adaptive boundary element analysis of two‐dimensional potential problems
Authors: Zhang Xiaosong , An Xin 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis paper considers the exact integration of discontinuous quadratic element for boundary element analysis of two‐dimensional potential problems. It is proved by the mathematical induction that singular integral in Cauchy principal value (CPV) and hypersingular integral in Hadamard finite part (HFP) need no special treatment with the derived exact integration for discontinuous quadratic element. The evaluation of CPV and HFP without special treatment leads to an easy way to compute the potential and flux on the boundary. The differences of the recovered flux and those by solving algebraic equation at collocation points are interpolated as error indicator for adaptive boundary element analysis. Two numerical examples are given to verify the correctness of the exact integration and the feasibility of the
proposed error indicator. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An algorithm for generating low‐autocorrelation side‐lobe binary sequences
Authors: Ohue Kenji 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe finite binary sequence with low autocorrelation is applied to the smearing process to suppress impulsive noise, as well as the pulse compression in the long‐range radar. Up to now, however, a generation algorithm has not been found which can generate the binary sequence with arbitrary length, thus minimizing the autocorrelation function. This paper proposes a new generation algorithm which can derive a low‐autocorrelation binary sequence, by using the complex exponential function e−j∫f(w′dw′) as the generating function, and by the binary quantization of its Fourier expansion coefficients. It is shown first that the Fourier expansion coefficients of the generating function form an uncorrelated sequence, and then the generation algorithm is derived in detail using that property. So far, a generation algorithm has not been found that can generate the Barker sequence, which is a typical binary sequence with the minimum autocorrelation. It is shown that the proposed algorithm can generate all Barker sequences. It is also shown that the proposed method can generate a binary sequence with smaller autocorrelation than the one generated by Schroeder's method, which has been a typical generation algorithm in the past.
Cepstral analysis with nonuniform spectral weighting for spectral envelope extraction
Authors: Tokuda Keiichi , Kobayashi Takao , Imai Satoshi 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis paper proposes a method for extraction of the spectral envelope by a spectral evaluation criterion with nonuniform weighting on a log magnitude scale. In the traditional cepstral method, the spectral envelope is obtained by linear smoothing on the log scale. Consequently, the obtained log magnitude spectrum is affected by the low‐level portion of the spectral fine structure, one of the factors that has degraded the quality of the synthesized speech and the speech recognition rate. to avoid such a situation, the proposed method weights the peaks of the fine spectral structure more heavily than the valleys in the error criterion. Consequently, the resultant spectral envelope fits the peaks, i.e., the sampling points of the true spectral envelope for a voiced sound. This method does not require pitch extraction. In addition, the spectral envelope can be obtained stably both for voiced and unvoiced sounds. Thus, it is suitable for the automatic analysis of speech. the effectiveness of the method is demonstrated by some examples, and its relation to other methods, especially to the improved cepstral method, is discussed.
An explicit evaluation of total variations of fourier seri approximations to functions of finite variation
Authors: Kohda Tohru , Matsuyuki Yasumi 
Published: July 2007

AbstractEarlier, the authors attempted an explicit evaluation of the total variation of best piecewise polynomial approximations and obtained a result [9]. However, there, the discussion was on polynomials and cannot be applied to other families of functions. Thus, the present paper considers a similar discussion with respect to the trigonometric functions, that is, the Fourier series expansion. Specifically, the total variation of Fourier series approximations is investigated, and, in addition, the norms of Fourier coefficients are evaluated. For the norms of Fourier coefficients, we confirm that they converge to zero when the degree m → ∞ and its rate is O(m−1) (Riemann‐Lebesgue lemma). Conventionally, the norm of Fourier coefficients had been evaluated mostly by assuming the periodicity of functions to be approximated. However, in this paper, we evaluate the norm without using the periodicity condition of the approximated functions. Moreover, it is shown that the upper bound of the ratio between the total variations of K‐th partial sum of Fourier series and that of the function to be approximated, is proportional to K. This implies that compared to the evaluation of total variation of the best piecewise polynomial approximations obtained in the authors' previous paper, this evaluation excels it by far.
Optimal design of three‐dimensional FIR digital filters. Design method by linear programming and reduction of computations by exploiting symmetries
Authors: Higuchi Tatsuo , Ohki Makoto , Kawamata Masayuki 
Published: July 2007

AbstractRecently, the signal processing by the three‐dimensional digital filter is considered in such applications as dynamic image processing, medical image processing, robot vision, and analysis of seismic or meteorological data. This paper proposes a method of optimum design for the three‐dimensional FIR digital filter using linear programming. the optimum design of the three‐dimensional digital filter, including the design by linear programming, requires in general a large computational complexity. From such a viewpoint, this paper discusses the reduction of computational complexity utilizing the symmetry in the frequency response, and the result is actually applied to the design by linear programming. As a result, it is shown, for the case of the spherical lowpass filter, that the computation time is reduced by one order of magnitude by utilizing the symmetry.