bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lipid‐ und Lipoproteinstoffwechsel: Physiologie und Pathophysiologie
Authors: Wächtershäuser Astrid , Stein Jürgen 
Published: February 2007

AbstractDie im Blut vorkommenden Lipide, Cholesterolester, Triglyzeride und Phospholipide sowie die fettlöslichen Vitamine A, D, E und K sind weitgehend wasserunlöslich und müssen daher in eine wasserlösliche Form gebracht werden. Diesem Zweck dienen Proteine mit Lipid‐komplexierenden Eigenschaften, die als “Apolipoproteine”, kurz “Apoproteine”, bezeichnet werden. Die entstehenden Lipid‐Proteinkomplexe werden Lipoproteine genannt.
Synthesis of water‐dispersible, fluorinated particles with grafting sulfonate chains by the core crosslinking of block copolymer micelles
Authors: Matsumoto Kozo , Kage Shuji , Matsuoka Hideki 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFluorinated polymer particles with grafting sulfonate chains, which showed high dispersion stability in aqueous media, were synthesized by the crosslinking of block copolymer micelles. A crosslinkable block copolymer, poly[(2,3,4,5,6‐pentafluorostyrene)‐co‐4‐(1‐methylsilacyclobutyl)styrene]‐b‐poly(neopentyl 4‐styrenesulfonate), composed of a statistical copolymer segment of 2,3,4,5,6‐pentafluorostyrene with 4‐(1‐methylsilacyclobutyl)styrene and a neopentyl 4‐styrenesulfonate segment, was prepared by the nitroxy‐mediated living radical polymerization of a 2,3,4,5,6‐pentafluorostyrene/4‐(1‐methylsilacyclobutyl)styrene mixture and neopentyl 4‐styrenesulfonate. The block copolymer formed micelles with a poly[(2,3,4,5,6‐pentafluorostyrene)‐co‐4‐(1‐methylsilacyclobutyl)styrene] core in acetonitrile, which were crosslinked via the ring‐opening reaction of silacyclobutyl groups in the core by a treatment with a platinum catalyst. The deprotection of sulfonate groups in the micelle corona by exposure to trimethylsilyl iodide and a treatment with aqueous HCl, followed by neutralization with aqueous NaOH, provided a polymer particle with polymer chains of sodium 4‐styrenesulfonate grafted on its surface. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 1316–1323, 2007
Electrical DC conduction mechanism in some newly synthesized nylon 6/12 copolymers
Authors: Rusu Gheorghe , Rusu Elena , Leontie Liviu , Rusu Gheorghe I. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe synthesis and the study of DC electrical transport properties (electrical conductivity, σ, and Seebeck coefficient,S) as a function of temperature of some recently synthesized nylon 6/12 copolymers with 0, 5, 10, 20, 30, and 50 wt % laurolactam (LL), respectively, are reported. Nylons were obtained by rotational molding via the anionic activated copolymerization of ε‐caprolactam and LL. As evidenced by XRD analyses, they are semicrystalline. The temperature dependences of σ andSare typical for polycrystalline semiconducting (p‐type) materials. The activation energy of electrical conduction lay in the range 0.79–1.22 eV, while the ratio of charge carrier mobilities ranged between 0.53 and 0.77. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 45: 794–799, 2007
A qualitative analysis of acidic proteins associated with regressing, growing, or dividing rat ventral prostate cells
Authors: Anderson K. M. , Baranowski J. , Rubenstein M. , Economou S. G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA qualitative analysis of Coomassie blue R‐250‐stained acidic proteins from normal, regressing, growing or dividing rat ventral prostate cells was performed. Four prostates from each of five groups of animals that included normal, and short (3‐day) or longer‐term (6‐day) castrates, some of which received pharmacologic amounts of testosterone propionate for 3 subsequent days to induce cellular hypertrophy or hyperplasia respectively, were solubilized. Proteins were separated in the first dimension by their isoelectric points from pI 3 to 10, and in the second according to molecular weights, using SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Composite “normograms” of protein distribution were developed, based on four different samples from each of the five groups, and 17 out of 31 possible subsets defined. Two major conclusions resulted: 1) The physiologic state of the organ could be identified by its distribution of stained proteins, reflected in the composite “normogram” for each of the five groups and 2) twelve of the seventeen identified patterns of protein distribution were provisionally correlated with the physiologic state of the sample. Excluding the trivial category of “ubiquitous” proteins, subsets including androgen‐dependent and androgen‐inhibited proteins, putative cell number or cell type‐dependent changes, proteins associated with cellular hypertrophy, hyperplasia, and short or long‐term castration and protein synthesis that may have been affected by nonandrogen‐dependent gonadal factors could provisionally be delineated. Most of these categories would not have been evident without the use of two‐dimensional protein analysis. It will be understood that these subsets, predicated upon the apparent presence or absence of proteins detected with a stain of limited sensitivity, would probably be markedly altered if a more sensitive means of protein detection were used. However, within the sensitivity provided by the dye, these conclusions are warranted.
Proteolytic fragmentation of rat prolactin by the rat ventral prostate gland
Authors: Compton Mark M. , Witorsch Raphael J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractHomogenates of rat ventral prostate diminished the immunoreactivity of rat prolactin (PRL) in a fashion dependent on time and tissue concentration, suggestive of hormone degradation. Direct evidence of PRL proteolysis was demonstrated by subjecting ventral prostate homogenates and cell fractions that were incubated with 125I‐labeled rat PRL to SDS‐PAGE and radioautography. Heat‐labile PRL proteolysis predominated in the crude homogenate, the 3,300g pellet and the 100,000g (100 K g) supernatant of rat ventral prostate. The degradation of PRL by the 100 K g supernatant led to the formation of two stable peptide fragments weighing approximately 16,000 and 12,000 daltons. PRL proteolysis was negligible in 100 K g supernatants of the liver, salivary gland, testis, epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicle, and dorsolateral prostates of male rats. On the other hand, 100 K g supernatants of rat spleen, lung, and kidney did degrade rat PRL, although the patterns of peptide fragment formation differed from that of ventral prostate. Enzyme inhibitor analysis suggested that PRL degradation by the 100 K g supernatants of rat ventral prostate was due to sulfhydryl and serine proteases and not due to metalloenzyme or aspartate proteases. The functional significance of PRL fragmentation by rat ventral prostate cytosol remains to be determined.
Localization of acid phosphatase activity in testosterone‐treated prostatic urethra of human fetuses
Authors: Kellokumpu‐Lehtinen P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAndrogens accelerated differentiation of human fetal urethral epithelial cells into secretory prostatic cells in organ culture. These epithelial cells contained supranuclear Golgi complexes in which acid phosphatase enzyme activity could be demonstrated by an electron microscopic histochemical technique. Most of the acid phosphatase activity was localized in lysosomes. Some apical precipitates could also be seen. This apical activity might be in secretory granules. Also, mesenchymal cells contained this enzyme.
Are fluorescein‐conjugated androgens appropriate for a histochemical detection of prostatic androgen receptors?
Authors: Lämmel Andreas , Krieg Michael , Klötzl GÜNther 
Published: February 2007

AbstractHistochemical fluorescence techniques could be of great value in order to assay androgen receptors (AR), particularly in punch biopsies from human prostatic carcinoma (PCA). Therefore, prostatic tissue was examined for specific binding of fluorescein‐labeled Sα‐ dihydrotestosterone derivatives (FDHT) to AR.Using a 17β‐fluoresceinated DHT derivative (17‐FDHT), variable fluorescence was found in human and rat prostates at high 17‐FDHT concentrations. This fluorescence could be blocked by unlabeled DHT in 11 and 73% of human and rat prostatic tissue, respectively. Control studies of receptor and organ specificity were conducted and showed that preheated slices from rat prostates displayed no decrease of fluorescent staining. No difference in fluorescence intensity could be seen between prostates from castrated and uncastrated rats. Unstained tissue slices frequently showed a considerable intensity of autofluorescence. An appreciable amount of fluorescence in both rat liver and spleen was found. From these results and various general methodical problems inherent in fluorescent receptor assays, we conclude that the fluorescence techniques described are inappropriate for demonstration of AR.
Growth responses of the guinea pig seminal vesicle epithelium and muscle to long‐term treatment with dihydrotestosterone and/or estradiol benzoate
Authors: Mariotti Angelo , Duremdes Gene , Mawhinney Michael 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe three‐month treatment regimen with dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and estradiol (E2B) which was capable of producing a supranormal growth of the canine prostate gland equal to that occurring in spontaneous canine benign prostatic hypertrophy, failed to produce similar changes in either the epithelium or smooth muscle of the guinea pig seminal vesicle. The factor limiting the growth response in the seminal vesicle epithelium and muscle of the castrate guinea pig proved to be the lack of a DHT‐estradiol benzoate (E2B) synergism, since the growth responses in seminal vesicle tissues to the three‐month treatment with DHT alone were similar to that previously recorded for the canine prostate. The lack of a DHTE2B synergism in the guinea pig seminal vesicle may be responsible for the absence of spontaneous hypertrophy of this organ and other organs such as the human seminal vesicle with advancing age.
Protease inhibitors: Possible anticarcinogens in edible seeds
Authors: Troll Walter , Wiesner Rakoma 
Published: February 2007

AbstractProtease inhibitors, which are common constituents of seeds (rice, beans, and maize) have been shown to inhibit breast, colon, and skin cancers in animal experiments. Epidemiological studies have shown that diets rich in these components (ie seed proteins) decrease the occurrence of prostatic, breast, and colon cancers in man. We have demonstrated that a typical purified inhibitor from soybeans, the Bowman‐Birk inhibitor, is excreted in the feces complexed with digestive proteases from the duodenum. This results in greater excretion of proteins, thus effectively decreasing the amount of protein available for digestion.Excess protein in the diet in addition to fats may contribute to increased cancer. Thus, the addition of seeds (chick‐peas, beans, etc) to the diet rather than removal of meat or fat offers the opportunity of preventing these cancers, because the protease inhibitors present would effectively remove a portion of the proteins being consumed.Protease inhibitors also act directly as antioxidants in relation to tumor promoters and ionizing radiation. To what extent this contributes to the nutritional effects of eating seeds containing protease inhibitors remains to be determined.
Circadian variation of different fractions of serum acid phosphatase
Authors: Schmeller Nikolaus T. , Bauer H. W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe circadian variation of different fractions of serum acid phosphatase was determined in two men with a normal prostate, two men with benign prostatic hyperplasia, and four men with prostatic cancer. Serum samples were obtained every 2 hours from 8:00 a.m. until 6:00 a.m. the following day. An overall sample standard deviation of 1.98 U/liter was calculated for total acid phosphatase, 0.4 U/liter for tartrate‐labile acid phosphatase, and 0.13μg/liter for prostatic acid phosphatase as determined by immunoenzyme assay.
The patient, disease status, and treatment options for prostate cancer: Stages B1 and B2
Authors: Herr Harry W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractProstatic adenocarcinoma palpably confined to the prostate is clinically defined as stage B. Although potentially curable in many, if not most, instances, there is no disputing that the optimal management of patients with stage B neoplasms is one of the most uncertain and controversial issues in modern urologic oncology. The present uncertainty can be related to three major factors: 1) competing causes of death in patients commonly older than 50 years of age; 2) the variable and unpredictable natural course of localized prostatic cancer as reflected by the three, at least in part. independent variables of growth rate, metastatic potential, and therapeutic responsiveness; and 3) the multiplicity and effectiveness of a variety of treatments in producing effects on the tumor favorable to the patient. The relative effectiveness of different treatments has been and remains clouded by a constantly changing array of clinical staging techniques, selection criteria for treatment, and definitions of response, and by the general absence of satisfactory control data. Experiences with patients receiving no treatment, various forms of irradiation, and radical excision have indicated a general similarity in at least 10‐year survival rates and clinically manifest local failure rates among comparable substages of stage B prostatic cancer. Since suitable control data are lacking, one may conclude that a variety of treatments offer similar prospects of benefit or that none of the treatments is producing significant beneficial effect and that survivals are a consequence of the natural history of stage B disease. A possibility that has yet to be evaluated is that different treatments produce benefit in different segments of the stage B prostatic cancer population, and the challenge today is to recognize and define such neoplasms that may respond most appropriately to one form of therapy or another.
Treatment of prostatic cancer with LH‐RH analogues
Authors: Borgmann V. , Nagel R. , Al‐Abadi H. , Schmidt‐Gollwitzer M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTwenty‐one of 32 patients with locally advanced prostatic cancer (stage C) were treated with the LH‐RH analogue Buserelin for 7‐19 months. After an initial sequence of subcutaneous injections, treatment was continued with intranasal spray application (three daily doses of 400 μg each) which ensured maintenance of serum testosterone within the range seen in castrated men.To evaluate the response of the primary tumor to Buserelin, cytological regression was established for all patients by fine‐needle aspiration biopsy every 3 months. The cytological results corresponded with those of DNA analyses of single‐cell cytophotometry showing a statistically significant drop of the grade of aneuploidy or polyploidy when the prostatic carcinoma responded positively to Buserelin therapy.Seventeen of 21 patients treated with the potent LH‐RH analogue showed good therapy response. Four patients with no cytological signs of tumor regression received secondary treatment with estramustin phosphate because of hormone resistence. One patient had to be crossed over to cyclophosphamide, the third drug, for clinical progression after 15 months. Essential side effects have not been observed.Continuous treatment of locally advanced prostatic cancer with Buserelin, combined with close control of the patient, offers not only a real alternative to surgical castration–as the patient is spared the psychical stress of orchiectomy–but also to estrogen therapy with its risk of cardiovascular side effects.
Transabdominal ultrasonography in the evaluation of patients with advanced prostatic carcinoma: Effects of castration and of chronic administration of a gonadotropin releasing hormone agonistic analogue
Authors: Tolis G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTwenty‐two patients with advanced prostatic carcinoma were subjected either to orchiectomy (group 1, n=5) or to chronic administration of a gonadotropin releasing hormone agonistic analogue D, Ser (TBU)6, des Gly‐NH210 LHRH nonapeptide (HOE 766) (group 2, n=17).Plasma testosterone was similar in both groups prior to treatment (group 1: 636 ± 129.29, group 2: 580.85 ± 37.57; × ±SE). The levels attained in group 1 were significantly lower (P <.05) than those of group 2 through eight weeks of follow‐up but were similar by the third month.Prostatic size (cm2) as estimated by transabdominal ultrasonography did not differ between the two groups prior to treatment (group 1: 23.6 + 3.35, group 2: 21.4 ± 1.97; × ± SE). Both therapies resulted in a decrease of prostatic size that was significantly more pronounced (P <.05) in group 1 compared with group 2 by the first and third month; by the six month, there was no statistical difference in the prostatic size attained with either therapeutic modality. Persistant suppression of prostatic size was documented in all patients of group 2 chronically (up to 24 months) treated with HOE 766 even when there was evidence of uninhibited or progressive bony metastases.The above data 1) indicate the efficacy of the HOE 766 in inducing medical castration and prostatic shrinkage in advanced carcinoma of the prostate, 2) document the usefulness of transabdominal ultrasound in the follow‐up of such patients, and 3) suggest a relationship between the rapidity of tumor shrinkage and Leydig cell suppression.
Effect of castration on experimental bacterial prostatitis in rats
Authors: Kaplan Les , Lee Chung , Schaeffer Anthony J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractInoculation of Escherichia coli into the ventral lobe of the rat prostate produced positive bacterial cultures in the expressed fluid of all three lobes of the rat prostate for a prolonged period of time. Orchiectomy at the time of bacterial inoculation significantly shortened the interval of positive bacterial cultures in the prostate expressate.
Ultrastructural localization of zinc in the hyperplastic prostate
Authors: Okada Kiyoki , Morita Hirohito , Arai Ritsuo , Kishimoto Takashi 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe localization of zinc was investigated in specimens of hyperplastic prostate by means of light microscopy, electron microscopy, and x‐ray microanalysis. After fixation in glutaraldehyde plus hydrogen sulfide, representative sections were developed with sulfide‐silver while, for comparison, other sections were not developed. Aggregation of the silver precipitation was seen on the secretory vacuoles of the developed sections. None of the deposits were detected on the nucleus, lysosomes, Golgi apparatus, or other cytoplasmic organelles. X‐ray microanalysis was performed on these sections of hyperplastic prostate. X‐ray energy spectrum analysis of the undeveloped sections revealed that the concentration of zinc on the electrondense materials in the secretory vacuoles corresponded to the deposits of silver granules. The present investigation provides direct proof of the localization of ionized zinc in the cytoplasm of the hyperplastic prostate.
The timing of androgen ablation therapy and/or chemotherapy in the treatment of prostatic cancer
Authors: Isaacs John T. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe effect of varying the timing of androgen ablation alone and in combination with chemotherapy on tumor growth rate and host survival has been studied using the serially transplantable Dunning R‐3327 H rat prostatic adenocarcinoma as a model. These studies have demonstrated three basic points: 1) When either androgen ablation or Cytoxan chemotherapy are given as a single agent treatment, they are both most effective when given as early as possible; 2) when androgen ablation is combined with Cytoxan chemotherapy, it is most effective when both therapies are begun simultaneously and as early as possible; and 3) when androgen ablation and Cytoxan treatment are begun simultaneously and early, it is possible to increase survival above that found for either treatment when given optimally as single modalities (ie, such simultaneous early treatment enhances the individual therapeutic effectiveness of both treatments).
Rationale for chemotherapeutic approaches to prostate cancer
Authors: Creaven Patrick J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe problems of curing tumors with a low growth fraction with cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agents include 1) the fact that such agents attack biochemical pathways common and vital to all cells, 2) the existence in a tumor of cells with both temporary and permanent resistance to specific agents, and 3) the exponential nature of cell kill, which necessitates a much more intensive treatment to effect cure than to effect remission. The possible bases for selectivity of anticancer drugs include those factors that affect the concentration of the active form of the drug at the active site, those that affect the drug receptor interaction and those that determine whether this interaction will lead to cell death. Possible ways of overcoming resistance include combination chemotherapy, more intensive chemotherapy, adjuvant chemotherapy, and maneuvers leading to recruitment of cells into cycle. Because of tumor cell heterogeneity a different approach may be needed to effect cure from that required to induce complete remission.
Treatment of prostatitis in the rat
Authors: Lundgren Rolf , Holmquist Bo , Hesselvik Margareta , Müntzing Jonas 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA spontaneous, nonacute, age‐dependent prostatitis was found in a high incidence in the lateral prostatic lobes of Lewis rats. Such rats were treated with methylprednisolone, indometacin, testosterone, hexyloxyphenylproprionate, polyestradiol phosphate, various antibiotics, or were caged together with female rats. The effect of the different treatment modalities was evaluated microscopically by blind observation of the degree of inflammatory reaction in the lateral prostate. Methylprednisolone and the testosterone ester caused a reduction of the inflammatory reactions and so did caging with female rats. The similarity of the rat prostatitis to the human condition may suggest the possibility of using corticosteroids or androgens for the treatment of patients with nonacute prostatitis.
Biochemical difference between ventral and dorsolateral prostates: Effects of castration and administration of the antiandrogen 16β‐ethyl‐17β‐hydroxy‐4‐oestren‐3‐one on SDS‐electrophoretic patterns of subcellular proteins from rat prostates
Authors: Wada Fumio , Nishi Nozomu , Matuo Yuhsi 
Published: February 2007

AbstractProtein species in the cytosol, postnuclear particulate, and nuclear fractions from the ventral and dorsolateral prostates of rats castrated or injected with antiandrogen, 16β‐ethyl‐17β‐hydroxy‐4‐oestren‐3‐one (EHOO), were analzyed by SDS‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The effects of EHOO injection on the contents of the most abundant species in all three fractions of ventral prostate were similar to the effects of castration, but the effects of EHOO and castration were only similar on the nuclear fraction in the dorsolateral prostate. The most sensitive species to castration in the three subcellular fractions of dorsolateral prostate were the same as those to EHOO injections; this was not the case for the cytosol and nuclear fractions in the ventral prostate.