bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Formation and Stability of G‐Quadruplexes Self‐Assembled from Guanine‐Rich Strands
Authors: Zhou Jiang , Yuan Gu , Liu Junjun , Zhan Chang‐Guo 
Published: October 2006

AbstractElectrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS) was utilized to investigate the formation and stability of G‐quadruplexes. For the 15 6‐nt oligonucleotides tested, ESI‐MS indicated that formation of a parallel tetramer quadruplex requires at least four continuous guanines in the 6‐nt sequence. In addition, the G‐rich strands prefer to employ “self‐association” in the formation of the G‐quadruplex rather than hybridized integration, and the thermodynamic‐stability order of these three G‐quadruplexes is Q(2)>Q(1)>Q(3).
Serial nuclear transfer improves the developmental potential of mouse embryos cloned from oocytes matured in a protein‐free medium
Authors: Bai Zhaodai , Yong Jun , Qing Tingting , Cheng Jing , Shen Wei , Ding Mingxiao , Deng Hongkui 
Published: October 2006

AbstractGerminal vesicle (GV) oocytes matured in vitro are an alternative source for cytoplasmic recipients of nuclear transfer (NT). However, the developmental potential of oocytes matured in vitro is limited. In this study, we developed a protein‐free maturation medium for mouse GV oocytes. Following parthenogenetic activation, the oocytes matured in the protein‐free medium develop to blastocyst stage with a high efficiency, even up to the rate obtained from in vivo MII‐oocytes (90.6% vs. 92.8%). Using the oocytes matured in the protein‐free medium as the recipient, NT embryos develop to the blastocyst stage (17.6%). To further improve the developmental potential of NT embryos, we performed serial NT and compared the effect of three different activated cytoplasm samples derived from in vitro matured oocytes as the second recipient, that is, the effect of in vitro fertilized (IVF) zygote, the preactivated cytoplast and the IVF cytoplast, on the development of NT embryos. We found that when the pronucleus of NT zygote was transferred into the cytoplasm of the IVF zygote, the blastocyst formation increased to 39.4%. This is the first report to demonstrate the IVF zygote from oocytes matured in protein‐free medium can be used successfully as the recipient for serial NT to enhance the developmental potential of mouse NT embryos from oocytes matured in the protein‐free medium. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 74: 560–567, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Feasibility of in vivo identification of endogenous ferritin with positive contrast MRI in rabbit carotid crush injury using GRASP
Authors: Mani Venkatesh , Briley‐Saebo Karen C. , Hyafil Fabien , Fayad Zahi A. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractIn vivo markers that allow for detection of ferritin within atheromatous plaque may be useful for identifying iron‐catalyzed hydroxyl‐radical formation and subsequent lipid peroxidation. Recently, a positive contrast MR technique—GRadient echo Acquisition for Superparamagnetic particles/suscePtibility (GRASP)—was used to identify the presence of magnetic entities in phantom models. The aim of the current study was to determine the feasibility of using GRASP in conjunction with conventional T‐weighted (TW) gradient‐echo (GRE) sequences for identifying ferritin/hemosiderin deposition using in vitro and in vivo models of thrombus. In vitro thrombi were prepared by incubating blood with ferritin. MRI was performed using conventional GRE sequences and GRASP. The results indicate that GRASP was able to verify ferritin deposition in in vitro thrombi. In vivo thrombi were created using a crush injury model in rabbits. The signal enhancement obtained using conventional GRE sequences and GRASP was compared with the location of iron deposition by histology. In all of the animals the GRASP signal correlated with signal loss by conventional GRE, and ferritin/hemosiderin deposition by histology. GRASP sequences in combination with conventional GRE sequences may be used to detect the presence of ferritin deposition in in vitro thrombi and in vivo crush‐injured rabbit carotid arteries. Magn Reson Med, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Polymer chemistry in flow: New polymers, beads, capsules, and fibers
Authors: Steinbacher Jeremy L. , McQuade D. Tyler 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe union between polymer science and microfluidics is reviewed. Fluids in microreactors allow the synthesis of a wide range of polymeric materials with unique properties. We begin by discussing the important fluid dynamics that dominate the behavior of fluids on the micrometer scale. We then progress through a comprehensive analysis of the polymeric materials synthesized to date. This highlight concludes with an overview of the methods used to make microreactors. We enthusiastically endorse microreactors as a powerful approach to making materials with controlled properties, although we have tried to provide a critical eye to help the nonexpert enter the field. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 6505–6533, 2006
Theoretical study of structure and vibrational properties of MgnOn (n = 3–10) clusters
Authors: Qu Yuhui , Zhang Youzhong 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe structure and harmonic vibrations of MgnOn (n = 3–10) clusters have been investigated using density functional theory. All structures are found to be cumulenic Dnh rings (equal bonds, alternating angles), with one intense out‐of‐plane mode and three infrared (IR)‐active degenerate modes, of which the highest one is extremely intense and increases asymptotically to 1000 cm−1 for n = 10 at the B3LYP/6‐311++G(2d,2p) level. Comparisons with C2n clusters show that BnNn and BenOn clusters, the structure and bonding type for the MgnOn clusters are consistent with those of the C2n (n = 3, 5, 7,…) clusters BnNn(n = 3–10) and BenOn(n = 3–10) clusters. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2007
Agent‐community‐based peer‐to‐peer information retrieval and its evaluation
Authors: Mine Tsunenori , Kogo Akihiro , Amamiya Makoto 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe Agent‐Community‐based Peer‐to‐Peer (ACP2P) information retrieval method uses agent communities to manage and look up information of interest to users. An agent works as a delegate of its user and searches for information that the user wants by communicating with other agents. The communication between agents is carried out in a peer‐to‐peer computing architecture. Retrieving information relevant to a user query is performed with content files which consist of original and retrieved documents, and two histories: a query/retrieved document history and a query/sender agent history. Making use of the histories has a collaborative filtering effect, which gradually creates virtual agent communities, where agents with the same interests stay together. Our hypothesis is that a virtual agent community reduces communication loads necessary to perform a search. As an agent receives more queries, then more links to new knowledge are acquired. From this behavior, a “give‐and‐take” (or positive feedback) effect for agents seems to emerge. However, we have only shown parts of the effects of reducing communication loads and making “give‐and‐take” through preliminary experimental results.This paper discusses more detail of experimental results and shows that the two histories help in reducing communication loads among agents, facilitating bidirectional communications between them and thus creating virtual agent communities, where agents with the same interests stay together. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 37(13): 1– 10, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/scj.20625
A model of plant‐to‐plant movement of aphids III. Studies of actual movement and apparent movement by simulation technique
Authors: Shiyomi Masae 
Published: October 2006

SummaryThe plant‐to‐plant movement of aphids was investigated by the simulation technique in this report. Trials satisfying the following conditions are repeated and the results are compared withShiyomi's model (1967).
An arbitrary individual moves at any moment.
The individual moves straightly forward an arbitrary direction and climbs up the plant that he first encounters with.
There is no concentrative birth and death.
Some of the results are as follows:
For an ideal state of movement, an equation describing the relationship between the frequency of actual movement and the degree of changes in the spatial distribution by movement was obtained.
The actual movements, whose frequency we cannot count, changes the spatial distribution of insects, and this change can be evaluated by the changes of values of the parameters contained inShiyomi's model. Using the statement (i), we can also estimate the frequency of movements of aphids in the ideal (extreme) state.
An analysis of the predator‐prey system in the paddy field
Authors: Kiritani Keizi , Kakiya Naotoshi 
Published: October 2006

SummaryA predator‐prey system involving Lycosa pseudoannulata as predators and both the green rice leafhopper, Nephotettix cincticeps and the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens as prey was studied in an experimental paddy field. Daily predation rates on the prey and weekly disappearance rates of Lycosa females were related to densities of both predators and prey by multiple regression. During the off‐season of reproduction for predators and prey, it proved possible to simulate the interaction between Lycosa and its prey.
Potential for suppressing Diprion similis (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae) with pheromone trapping: A population model
Authors: Mertins J. W. , Coppel H. C. , Karandinos M. G. 
Published: October 2006

SummaryThe virgin female introduced pine sawfly, Diprion similis (Hartig), produces a powerful sex pheromone capable of attracting males. Pending chemical identification of the substance, a pilot study in male annihilation is under consideration. A mathematical model was developed to assess the feasibility of population suppression using pheromone‐baited traps. Departure from preexisting population models resulted chiefly from the arrhenotokous nature of the sawfly. The model predicts alternating sawfly generations which undergo first a large shift in the sex ratio but no population reduction, followed by a large decrease in population size with a moderating sex ratio. Four generations of intensive trapping would theoretically be sufficient to eliminate the sawfly from an isolated area.
A further note on the estimation of a fitness function from two samples taken from a popolation
Authors: Manly B. F. J. 
Published: October 2006

SummaryA modification is proposed for the moments method for estimating a fitness function that was discussed in an earlier paper (Manly, 1976b). This modification ensures that fitness estimates are always positive. The theory has been worked out for a fitness function of any number of variables and a computer program has been written to carry out the iterative calculations needed for estimation.
A systems model and computer simulation of the green rice leafhopper populations in control programmes
Authors: Sasaba Takafumi , Kiritani Keizi 
Published: October 2006

SummaryA simulation model of the green rice leafhopper‐spiders system was presented. The validity of this model for simulation purpose was tested by comparing the calculated values with observed ones (Fig. 4). The effectiveness of various control measures against leafhoppers was evaluated by computer simulations. The computer simulation demonstrated that the wrong use of selective insecticide, contrary to expectation, brought an increase in the pest density, i. e., that the egg densities of leafhoppers in the 2nd and 3rd generations are increased by the insecticidal application in February, while they are decreased by the July application (Table 2). To obtain satisfactory control by sterile‐male release, 320,000 sterile‐male per square kilometer should be released even in the combined use with insecticides (Fig. 5). The escape of leafhoppers from predation by spiders was demonstrated by the simulation. It is suggested that spiders are able to suppress the leafhopper populations at a low density when there is a very favorable balance between spiders and leafhoppers, and this condition may be realized by sophisticated use of selective insecticides (Fig. 6). Factors and/or processes which have to be involved in a more improved systems model are discussed.
The species‐area relation II. A second model for continuous sampling
Authors: Kobayashi Shiro 
Published: October 2006

SummaryA second mathematical model describing the species‐area relation was proposed for continuous expanding of sample area. This model is expressed as S=λ ln(1+x/E) where S is the number of species occurring in an area x, and λ and E are the constants termed specific diversity and elemental area respectively. As a result of testing the validity of the model for several sets of data, it was shown that the above equation would provide an adequate fit to a group of species belonging to a single synusia which exists in an open habitat.The ecological implications of parameters involved were discussed and the characteristic area presented previously (Kobayashi, 1974) was defined in terms of E. The relation between results obtained by discrete sampling and continuous sampling was examined and the possibility of converting one to another was suggested.
The population dynamics of the large pine aphid, Cinara pinea (Mordv.)
Authors: Kidd N. A. C. 
Published: October 2006

SummaryThe large pine aphid, Cinara pinea lives exclusively on Pinus species, where it feeds on the foliated shoots of the current and previous year. The paper describes the development of a computer model designed to simulate the aphid's population dynamics on saplings in the controlled environment of the laboratory, i.e. in the absence of natural enemies. The model was able to account for about 80% of the variation in aphid numbers within and between trees over a three month period. Sensitivity analysis revealed that the number of pine aphids is limited primarily by nymphal emigration, the operation of which is sensitive both to density and to plant quality as reflected in aphid growth rates. Of secondary importance are changes in reproduction acting through increased reproductive delay, again a result of altered growth rates and adult size. Development, too, has an important secondary influence. Contrary to expectation and conventional belief, however, alate production proved to be of negligible importance, either in limiting or regulating population numbers. Alatae are produced in too few numbers and for too short a period to significantly alter the pattern of population change.
Analysis and simulation modelling of population dynamics and bioenergetics of Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Coleoptera: Cucujidae) in stored wheat
Authors: Campbell A. , Sinha R. N. 
Published: October 2006

SummaryThe consequences of infestation of stored wheat by the rusty grain beetle, Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens) was determined for 222 d at 30°C in 70‐1 drums containing wheat at 13.5% moisture content. Temperature, grain moisture, seed damage, germination and weight, dust weight, fat acidity values (FAV), published data on growth, reproduction, survival and cannibalism rates and energy budget were used to develop a computer simulation model to simulate the population dynamics of C. ferrugineus at 30°C. In the insect‐free control system, the fungi, Alternaria alternata decreased, Aspergillus glaucus group and Penicillium spp. increased, probably causing a rise in FAV of the grain. In the insect‐infested system, C. ferrugineus could only eat the wheat germ of kernels that had a broken bran layer; 35.7% of the wheat germ or 914.6 J per 100 kernels was consumed. Within two generations after initial introduction, C. ferrugineus reached a peak in numbers and biomass polluting the ecosystem with excreta and remains, and accelerating the deteriorative process observed in the insect‐free control system by increasing respiration temperature, FAV and reducing grain germination. After 87 d, the insect population declined to low levels. The simulation model provided a close match between the observed and predicted numbers of insect life stages and bioenergetic variables during the insect population growth phase. Simulation trials suggested that cannibalism of larger compared with smaller immature stages would be more wasteful of developmental time and energy, reducing the number of individuals reaching reproductive age, and that density‐dependent fecundity was probably not an important regulatory mechanism of C. ferrugineus population dynamics in this study.
Dynamics and distribution patterns of acarine populations in stored‐oat ecosystems
Authors: Sinha Ranendra N. , Kawamoto Hitoshi 
Published: October 2006

SummaryPopulation dynamics and aggregation patterns of nine kinds of stored‐grain mites were studied in two 7.5 tonne lots of hulled (cv. Random) and hulless (cv. Terra) oat cultivars with 12–14% moisture content stored in two wooden bins in Manitoba, Canada during 1978–84. Random oats harbored more mites than Terra oats. Lepidoglyphus destructor Schrank was the most common granivorous mite and Cheyletus eruditus Shrank the most common predatory mite. Ecological data on a tydeid mite, Paratriophtydeus coineaui André, are presented for the first time. Because they were more abundant in Terra oats with higher fat acidity values (FAV) than Random oats with lower FAVs, L. destructor and Tarsonemus granarius Lindquist could be used as bioindicators of spoilage of stored oats. All species analyzed showed some significant difference in their abundance at different depths in the grain bulk; some species showed depthxtime interaction. Aggregation patterns indicated most mite species had overdispersed (clumped) distribution. T. granarius, and Blattisocius keegani Fox‐Androlaelaps casalis Berlese had a distinct aggregation pattern in each oat cultivar.
A comparative study of the searching efficiencies of a parasite and a hyperparasite
Authors: Chua Tock H. 
Published: October 2006

SummaryThe searching efficiencies of a primary parasite (Diaeretiella rapae (McIntosh)) and a hyperparasite (Alloxysta brassicae (Ash.)) were investigated and compared. In both species, at all parasite densities, there was a curvilinear relationship (P<0.001) between the number of hosts parasitised and the host density. A linear regression (log a=log Q−m log P) was fitted for log area of discovery against log parasite density (P<0.001). The area of discovery for its immediate (i.e. primary) host (viz. Diaeretiella for the hyperparasite and aphid for Diaeretiella) is lower in the hyperparasite than in the primary parasite. In Diaeretialla both the searching efficiency and the mutual interference constant increased (but not significantly, P>0.05) in the presence of its males.
An acarine predator‐prey population infesting roses
Authors: Burnett T. 
Published: October 2006

SummaryWhen Phytoseiulus persimilis was reared with Tetranychus urticae, infesting roses propagated in a greenhouse at controlled daily temperatures of 24°C (12 hrs) and 18°C (12 hrs), prey numbers fluctuated with peaks of increasing amplitude. Differential dispersal of prey and predator species was one factor contributing to the inability of the natural enemy to control the pest population.
A note on key factor analysis
Authors: Manly B. F. J. 
Published: October 2006

SummaryVarious aspects of a model for key factor analysis (Manly, 1977a) are discussed. Equations for estimating the parameters of the model are given. The jackknife method is suggested for obtaining standard errors for estimators. The case of circular populations (where the adults in one generation produce all the individuals alive at the start of the next, generation) is considered. A computer program is described.Varleyet al.'s (1973) data on the winter moth is used for illustrative purposes.
Long‐Term Follow‐Up of Right Atrial Ablation in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation:
Authors: CALÒ LEONARDO , LAMBERTI FILIPPO , LORICCHIO MARIA LUISA , CASTRO ANTONIO , SHPUN SHLOMO , BOGGI AUGUSTO , PANDOZI CLAUDIO , SANTINI MASSIMO 
Published: October 2006

Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and the impact on quality of life of a new ablative approach to the right atrium in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). Methods and Results: Seventy‐four symptomatic patients with paroxysmal (n = 49) or permanent (n = 25) refractory AF underwent radiofrequency ablation. A nonfluoroscopic electroanatomic mapping system was used to perform the following lesions: (1) an isthmus line between the tricuspid annulus and the inferior vena cava; (2) a posterior intercaval line from the superior vena cava and the inferior vena cava; (3) a septal line from the superior vena cava to the fossa ovalis, proceeding to the coronary sinus ostium where a circumferential line around the ostium was performed, and then on to the inferior vena cava; and (4) a transversal lesion connecting the posterior intercaval and the septal lesions. In addition, electrical disconnection of the superior vena cava was performed. There were no complications. Postablation remapping showed the absence of discrete electrical activity inside and just around the ablation lines. Electrical disconnection of the superior vena cava was obtained in all patients. After 21 ± 6 months, 49 patients (66%) had stable sinus rhythm with continuation of the previous antiarrhythmic drug therapy, 13 patients (18%) were considered improved, and 12 (16%) received no benefit (unsuccessful procedure). After ablation, quality of life was significantly improved, reaching the levels of the general Italian population. Ejection fraction and the extent of the low‐voltage area were found by multivariate analysis to be independent predictors of AF recurrence. Conclusion: The results of the present study suggest that this ablative approach in combination with antiarrhythmic drugs is safe and effective in treating AF, leading to a marked increase in quality of life in patients with refractory AF. (J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol, Vol. 15, pp. 37‐43, January 2004)
Large scale data mining approach for gene-specific standardization of microarray gene expression data
Authors: Yoon Sukjoon , Yang Young , Choi Jiwon , Seong Jeeweon 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
Motivation: The identification of the change of gene expression in multifactorial diseases, such as breast cancer is a major goal of DNA microarray experiments. Here we present a new data mining strategy to better analyze the marginal difference in gene expression between microarray samples. The idea is based on the notion that the consideration of gene's behavior in a wide variety of experiments can improve the statistical reliability on identifying genes with moderate changes between samples.
Results: The availability of a large collection of array samples sharing the same platform in public databases, such as NCBI GEO, enabled us to re-standardize the expression intensity of a gene using its mean and variation in the wide variety of experimental conditions. This approach was evaluated via the re-identification of breast cancer-specific gene expression. It successfully prioritized several genes associated with breast tumor, for which the expression difference between normal and breast cancer cells was marginal and thus would have been difficult to recognize using conventional analysis methods. Maximizing the utility of microarray data in the public database, it provides a valuable tool particularly for the identification of previously unrecognized disease-related genes.
Availability: A user friendly web-interface () was constructed to provide the present large-scale approach for the analysis of GEO microarray data (GS-LAGE server).
Contact: yoonsj@sookmyung.ac.kr