bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factors associated with racing performance of Thoroughbreds undergoing lag screw repair of condylar fractures of the third metacarpal or metatarsal bone
Authors: Martin George S. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To evaluate effects of sex, fracture configuration, affected limb, and screw placement on outcome of Thoroughbreds with condylar fractures involving the third metacarpal or metatarsal bone.Design—Cohort study.Animals—56 horses.Procedure—Age, sex, affected limb, fracture configuration, fracture length, fracture fragment width, and distance of the most distal screw from the articular surface were analyzed in logistic regression models.Results—Females were more likely to have displaced fractures and race in fewer races after surgery than males. Sex and fracture configuration were associated with number of postoperative races. Among horses that returned to racing, those with thicker fracture fragments were 11 times as likely as horses with thinner fracture fragments to win a race after surgery. Horses with longer fractures and older horses had fewer postoperative races. Horses in which the most distal screw had been placed further from the joint surface had more races.Conclusion and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that female horses with displaced condylar fractures and male horses with nondisplaced condylar fractures are more likely to be referred for treatment. The effect of sex on outcome for these horses cannot be clearly separated from the effect of fracture configuration. When adjusted for fracture configuration, males were 6 times as likely as females to race after surgery. When adjusted for sex, horses with nondisplaced fractures were 17 times as likely as horses with displaced fractures to race after surgery. Results suggest that the most distal screw should be placed above the epicondylar fossa. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2000;217:1870–1877)
Association of disease with isolation and virulence of Rhodococcus equi from farm soil and foals with pneumonia
Authors: Martens Ronald J. , Takai Shinji , Cohen Noah D. , Chaffin M. Keith , Liu Hui , Sakurai Kimiko , Sugimoto Hiromi , Lingsweiler Sonia W. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine whether isolation and virulence ofRhodococcus equifrom soil and infected foals are associated with clinical disease.Design—Cross-sectional and case-control study.Sample Population—R equiisolates from 50 foals with pneumonia and soil samples from 33 farms with and 33 farms without a history ofR equiinfection (affected and control, respectively).Procedure—R equiwas selectively isolated from soil samples. Soil and clinical isolates were evaluated for virulence-associated protein antigen plasmids (VapAP) and resistance to the β-lactam antibiotics penicillin G and cephalothin. Microbiologic cultures and VapA-P assays were performed at 2 independent laboratories.Results—VapA-P was detected in 49 of 50 (98%) clinical isolates; there was complete agreement between laboratories.Rhodococcus equiwas isolated from soil on 28 of 33 (84.8%) affected farms and 24 of 33 (72.7%) control farms, but there was poor agreement between laboratories. Virulence-associated protein antigen plasmids were detected on 14 of 66 (21.2%) farms by either laboratory, but results agreed for only 1 of the 14 VapA-P-positive farms. We did not detect significant associations between disease status and isolation ofR equifrom soil, detection of VapA-P in soil isolates, or resistance of soil isolates to β-lactam antibiotics. No association between β-lactam antibiotic resistance and presence of VapA-P was detected.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—On the basis of soil microbiologic culture and VapA-P assay results, it is not possible to determine whether foals on a given farm are at increased risk of developing disease caused byR equi. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2000;217:220–225)
Pancreatic necrosis in New World camelids: 11 cases (1990–1998)
Authors: Pearson Erwin G. , Snyder Stanley P. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To determine clinical, clinicopathologic,
and postmortem abnormalities in New World
camelids with pancreatic necrosis.

Design—Retrospective study.

Animals—10 llamas and 1 alpaca.

Procedures—Medical records of animals in which a
diagnosis of pancreatic necrosis had been made on
the basis of histologic examination of necropsy specimens
or on the basis of clinical signs and results of
clinicopathologic testing were reviewed.

Results—The initial owner complaint varied, and various
other conditions were diagnosed. Clinical and
clinicopathologic abnormalities were vague. Amylase
activity was higher in abdominal fluid than in serum in
5 of 7 animals, and lipase activity was higher in
abdominal fluid than in serum in all 7. Four animals
survived, and 7 died or were euthanatized. Only 1 of
the animals that died had marked inflammation of the
pancreatic parenchyma. All 7 had necrosis and saponification
of fat in and surrounding the pancreas.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest
that pancreatic necrosis may develop in New
World camelids, but clinical signs are vague, and the
condition may easily be confused with other diseases.
The only laboratory test that appeared to be
helpful in the antemortem diagnosis of pancreatic
necrosis was comparison of amylase and lipase activities
in abdominal fluid and serum. (J Am Vet Med
Assoc 2000;217:241–244)
Renal effects of carprofen administered to healthy dogs anesthetized with propofol and isoflurane
Authors: Ko Jeff C. H. , Miyabiyashi Takayoshi , Mandsager Ronald E. , Heaton-Jones Terrell G. , Mauragis Daniel F. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To evaluate renal effects of carprofen in healthy dogs following general anesthesia.Design—Randomized clinical trial.Animals—10 English hound dogs (6 females and 4 males).Procedure—Dogs were randomly assigned to control (n = 5) or carprofen (5) groups. Anesthesia was induced with propofol (6 to 8 mg/kg [2.7 to 3.6 mg/lb] of body weight, IV) and maintained with isoflurane (end-tidal concentration, 2.0%). Each dog underwent two 60-minute anesthetic episodes with 1 week between episodes, and mean arterial blood pressure was maintained between 60 and 90 mm Hg during each episode. Dogs in the carprofen group received carprofen (2.2 mg/kg [1 mg/lb], PO) at 9:00 AM and 6:00 PM the day before and at 7:00 AM the day of the second anesthetic episode. Glomerular filtration rates (GFR) were determined during each anesthetic episode by use of renal scintigraphy. Serum creatinine and BUN concentrations and the urine γ-glutamyltransferase-to-creatinine concentration (urine GGT: creatinine) ratio were determined daily for 2 days before and 5 days after general anesthesia.Results—Significant differences were not detected in BUN and serum creatinine concentrations, urine GGT:creatinine ratio, and GFR either between or within treatment groups over time.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Carprofen did not significantly alter renal function in healthy dogs anesthetized with propofol and isoflurane. These results suggest that carprofen may be safe to use for preemptive perioperative analgesia, provided that normal cardiorespiratory function is maintained. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2000;217:346–349)
Osseous sequestration in cattle: 110 cases (1987–1997)
Authors: Valentino L. William , St. Jean Guy , Anderson David E. , Desroches André , Kersting Karl , Lopez Mandi J. , Adams Steve B. , Huhn John , Mueller P. O. Eric , Cohen Noah D. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine risk factors for development of sequestra in cattle and identify factors associated with a successful outcome.Design—Retrospective study.Animals—110 cattle.Procedure—Medical records of cattle treated at veterinary teaching hospitals in North America were reviewed. To determine risk factors for osseous sequestration, breed, age, and sex of cattle with osseous sequestration were compared with breed, age, and sex of all other cattle admitted during the study period.Results—110 cattle were included in the study. Three had 2 sequestra; thus, 113 lesions were identified. Most sequestra were associated with the bones of the extremities, most commonly the third metacarpal or third metatarsal bone. Ninety-two animals were treated surgically (ie, sequestrectomy), 7 were treated medically, 3 were initially treated medically and were then treated surgically, and 8 were not treated. Follow-up information was available for 65 animals treated surgically and 6 animals treated medically. Fifty-one (78%) animals treated surgically and 5 animals treated medically had a successful outcome. Cattle that were 6 months to 2 years old had a significantly increased risk of developing a sequestrum, compared with cattle < 6 months old. Cattle in which sequestrectomy was performed with the aid of local anesthesia were significantly more likely to undergo 2 or more surgical procedures than were cattle in which sequestrectomy was performed with the aid of general anesthesia.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that sequestrectomy will result in a successful outcome for most cattle with osseous sequestration. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2000;217:376–383)
Severe sepsis in cats: 29 cases (1986–1998)
Authors: Brady Colleen A. , Otto Cindy M. , Van Winkle Thomas J. , King Lesley G. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To document the clinical, clinicopathologic, and pathologic findings in cats with severe sepsis, identify abnormalities unique to this species, and identify criteria that could be used antemortem to diagnose the systemic inflammatory response syndrome in cats.Design—Retrospective study.Animals—29 cats confirmed to have severe sepsis at necropsy.Procedure—Pertinent history, physical examination findings, and results of hematologic and biochemical testing were extracted from medical records.Results—Clinical diagnoses included pyothorax, septic peritonitis, bacteremia secondary to gastrointestinal tract disease, pneumonia, endocarditis, pyelonephritis, osteomyelitis, pyometra, and bite wounds. Physical examination findings included lethargy, pale mucous membranes, poor pulse quality, tachypnea, hypo- or hyperthermia, signs of diffuse pain on abdominal palpation, bradycardia, and icterus. Clinicopathologic abnormalities included anemia, thrombocytopenia, band neutrophilia, hypoalbuminemia, low serum alkaline phosphatase activity, and hyperbilirubinemia. Necropsy findings included multiorgan necrosis or inflammation with intralesional bacteria.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that severe sepsis in cats is characterized by lethargy, pale mucous membranes, signs of diffuse abdominal pain, tachypnea, bradycardia, weak pulses, anemia, hypoalbuminemia, hypothermia, and icterus. Recognition of this combination of clinical findings should facilitate the diagnosis of severe sepsis in cats. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2000;217:531–535)
Reactivity to intradermal injection of extracts of Dermatophagoides farinae, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, house dust mite mix, and house dust in dogs suspected to have atopic dermatitis: 115 cases (1996–1998)
Authors: Hillier Andrew , Kwochka Kenneth W. , Pinchbeck Lauren R. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To compare reactivities to intradermal injection of extracts ofDermatophagoides farinae, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, house dust mite mix, and house dust in dogs suspected to have atopic dermatitis.Design—Retrospective study.Animals—115 dogs.Procedures—Records of all dogs suspected to have atopic dermatitis that underwent intradermal testing between October 1996 and July 1998 were reviewed. Reactivities to intradermal injection of crude mixed house dust mite (1:25,000 wt/vol) and crude house dust (25 PNU/ml) extracts were compared with reactivities to intradermal injection of individual extracts ofD farinaeandD pteronyssinus(1:50,000 wt/vol).Results—Ninety dogs were confirmed to have atopic dermatitis including 61 of the 69 dogs with positive reactions to either or both of the individual house dust mite extracts. Intradermal testing with the mixed house dust mite extract had sensitivity of 75%, specificity of 96%, and accuracy of 83%. Intradermal testing with the house dust extract had sensitivity of 30%, specificity of 93%, and accuracy of 56%.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that use of crude mixed house dust mite and crude house dust extracts for intradermal testing in dogs is not as accurate a method of determining house dust mite hypersensitivity as is the use of individualD farinaeandD pteronyssinusextracts mainly because of the high percentage of false-negative results. Extracts of individual house dust mites are recommended for intradermal testing of dogs suspected to have atopic dermatitis. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2000;217:536–540)
Differences in total protein concentration, nucleated cell count, and red blood cell count among sequential samples of cerebrospinal fluid from horses
Authors: Sweeney Corinne R. , Russell Gail E. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To examine total protein concentration and cell counts of sequentially collected samples of CSF to determine whether blood contamination decreases in subsequent samples and whether formulas used to correct nucleated cell count and total protein concentration are accurate.Design—Case series.Animals—22 horses.Procedure—For each horse, 3 or 4 sequential 2-ml samples of CSF were collected from the subarachnoid space in the lumbosacral region into separate syringes, and blood was obtained from the jugular vein. Total protein concentration, nucleated cell count, and RBC counts were determined in all samples.Results—Among 3 sequential samples, total protein concentration and RBC count were significantly lower in samples 2 and 3, compared with sample 1. Nucleated cell count was significantly lower in sample 3, compared with sample 1. Among 4 sequential samples, total protein concentration and RBC count were significantly lower in samples 2, 3, and 4, compared with sample 1. Nucleated cell count was significantly lower in samples 3 and 4, compared with sample 1. For 3 correction formulas, significant differences in corrected values for nucleated cell count and total protein concentration were detected between sample 1 and sample 3 or 4.Conclusion and Clinical Relevance—Because iatrogenic blood contamination decreases in sequential CSF samples, a minimum of 3 samples should be collected before submitting the final sample for analysis. Formulas to correct nucleated cell count and total protein concentration are inaccurate and should not be used to correct for blood contamination in CSF samples. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2000;217:54–57)
Diagnosis and management of abnormal embryonic development characterized by formation of an embryonic vesicle without an embryo in mares
Authors: Vanderwall Dirk K. , Squires Edward L. , Brinsko Steven P. , McCue Patrick M. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine the incidence, ultrasonographic characteristics, and risk factors associated with embryonic development characterized by formation of an embryonic vesicle without an embryo in mares.Design—Prevalence survey.Animals—159 pregnant mares.Procedure—From 1994 to 1998, mares between 11 and 40 days after ovulation with normal and abnormal embryonic development were examined ultrasonographically, and characteristics of each conceptus were recorded.Results—The incidence of abnormal embryonic development in mares characterized by formation of an embryonic vesicle without an embryo was 7/159 (4.4%) during the 5 breeding seasons. Age and breed of mare or type of semen used did not differ for mares with normal and abnormal embryonic development. The percentage of mares in which the conceptus was undersized during ≥ 1 examination was significantly higher for mares with abnormal conceptuses (5/7), compared with mares with normal conceptuses (2/147; 1.4%). The percentage of examinations during which the conceptus was undersized was significantly higher for abnormal conceptuses (12/27; 44.4%), compared with normal conceptuses (4/448; 0.9%).Conclusion and Clinical Relevance—To diagnose an embryonic vesicle without an embryo, mares should be examined by use of transrectal ultrasonography on day 25 after ovulation. When an embryo cannot be identified at that time, mares should be reexamined at intervals of 1 to 3 days until day 30. Because undersized conceptuses are more likely to be abnormal, development of undersized conceptuses should be monitored closely. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2000;217:58–63)
Risk of adverse effects in pneumonic foals treated with erythromycin versus other antibiotics: 143 cases (1986–1996)
Authors: Stratton-Phelps Meri , Wilson W. David , Gardner Ian A. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine whether foals with pneumonia that were treated with erythromycin, alone or in combination with rifampin or gentamicin, had a higher risk of developing adverse effects, compared with foals treated with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMS), penicillin G procaine (PGP), or a combination of TMS and PGP (control foals).Design—Retrospective study.Animals—143 foals < 240 days old.Procedure—Information on age, sex, breed, primary drug treatment, total days of treatment with the primary drug, and whether the foal developed diarrhea, hyperthermia, or respiratory distress was obtained from the medical records. Relative risk (RR) and attributable risk (AR) were calculated to compare risk of adverse reactions between foals treated with erythromycin and control foals.Results—Only 3 (4.3%) control foals developed diarrhea; none developed hyperthermia or respiratory distress. Foals treated with erythromycin had an 8-fold risk (RR, 8.3) of developing diarrhea, compared with control foals, and increased risks of hyperthermia (AR, 25%) and respiratory distress (AR, 15%).Conclusion and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that use of erythromycin to treat foals with pneumonia was associated with an increased risk of diarrhea, hyperthermia, and respiratory distress, compared with use of TMS or PGP. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2000;217:68–73)
Ocular lesions associated with systemic hypertension in cats: 69 cases (1985–1998)
Authors: Maggio Federica , DeFrancesco Teresa C. , Atkins Clarke E. , Pizzirani Stefano , Gilger Brian C. , Davidson Michael G. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To characterize clinical and clinicopathologic findings, response to treatment, and causes of systemic hypertension in cats with hypertensive retinopathy.Design—Retrospective study.Animals—69 cats with hypertensive retinopathy.Procedure—Medical records from cats with systemic hypertension and hypertensive retinopathy were reviewed.Results—Most cats (68.1%) were referred because of vision loss; retinal detachment, hemorrhage, edema, and degeneration were common findings. Cardiac abnormalities were detected in 37 cats, and neurologic signs were detected in 20 cats. Hypertension was diagnosed concurrently with chronic renal failure (n = 22), hyperthyroidism (5), diabetes mellitus (2), and hyperaldosteronism (1). A clearly identifiable cause for hypertension was not detected in 38 cats; 26 of these cats had mild azotemia, and 12 did not have renal abnormalities. Amlodipine decreased blood pressure in 31 of 32 cats and improved ocular signs in 18 of 26 cats.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Retinal lesions, caused predominantly by choroidal injury, are common in cats with hypertension. Primary hypertension in cats may be more common than currently recognized. Hypertension should be considered in older cats with acute onset of blindness; retinal edema, hemorrhage, or detachment; cardiac disease; or neurologic abnormalities. Cats with hypertensioninduced ocular disease should be evaluated for renal failure, hyperthyroidism, diabetes mellitus, and cardiac abnormalities. Blood pressure measurements and funduscopic evaluations should be performed routinely in cats at risk for hypertension (preexisting renal disease, hyperthyroidism, and age > 10 years). Amlodipine is an effective antihypertensive agent in cats.(J Am Vet Med Assoc2000;217:695–702)
Comparison of the bacterial flora of the duodenum in healthy cats and cats with signs of gastrointestinal tract disease
Authors: Johnston Karen L. , Swift Nigel C. , Forster-van Hijfte Myra , Rutgers H. Carolien , Lamport Anne , Ballàvre Olivier , Batt Roger M. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine whether a colony environment predisposes healthy cats to high bacterial counts, including counts of obligate anaerobes, in the duodenum and whether increased numbers of bacteria could be found in the duodenum of cats with signs of chronic gastrointestinal tract disease.Design—Prospective study.Animals—20 healthy control cats (10 from a colony environment and 10 pet cats) and 19 cats with a history of chronic gastrointestinal tract disease.Procedure—Undiluted duodenal fluid was quantitatively and qualitatively assessed by bacteriologic culture under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Serum concentrations of cobalamin and folate were also measured.Results—Significant differences were not detected in the numbers of bacteria found in the duodenum of cats housed in a colony environment, compared with pet cats fed an identical diet prior to sampling. All healthy cats were, therefore, combined into 1 control group. Compared with healthy cats, cats with clinical signs of gastrointestinal tract disease had significantly lower counts of microaerophilic bacteria, whereas total, anaerobic, and aerobic bacterial counts were not significantly different. None of the cats with disease had total bacterial counts higher than expected from the range established in the control cats. Differences were not detected in regard to serum folate or cobalamin concentrations between diseased and healthy cats.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—These findings indicated that healthy colony cats and pet cats have high numbers of bacteria in the duodenum, including high numbers of obligate anaerobes. Our findings also suggest that bacterial overgrowth in the small intestine is not a common clinical syndrome in cats with chronic nonobstructive gastrointestinal tract disease. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2001;218:48–51)
Graft copolymerization of methylmethacrylate with N‐substituted maleimide‐styrene copolymer by ATRP
Authors: Çakir T. , Serhatli I. E. , Önen A. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractAtom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) was employed to prepare graft copolymers having poly(MBr)‐alt‐poly(St) copolymer as backbone and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) as branches to obtain heat resistant graft copolymers. The macroinitiator was prepared by copolymerization of bromine functionalized maleimide (MBr) with styrene (St). The polymerization of MMA was initiated by poly(MBr)‐alt‐poly(St) carrying bromine groups as macroinitiator in the presence of copper bromide (CuBr) and bipyridine (bpy) at 110°C. Both macroinitiator and graft copolymers were characterized by 1H NMR, GPC, DSC, and TGA. The ATRP graft copolymerization was supported by an increase in the molecular weight (MW) of the graft copolymers as compared to that of the macroinitiator and also by their monomodal MW distribution. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2006