bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The detection of glucocorticoid receptors in breast cancer by immunocytochemical and biochemical methods
Authors: Ioannidis Constantine , Papamichail Michael , Agnanti Niki , Garas John , Tsawdaroglou Nikos , Sekeris Constantine E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractGlucocorticoid receptors have been detected in 90 human breast tumors and tumor‐like conditions by the immunoperoxidase method using a specific antibody against the glucocorticoid receptor isolated from rat thymocytes. In some of the specimens the [3H]‐dexamethasone binding assay was also performed and the results obtained were compared with those of the immunoperoxidase method. When the biochemical method was used, no strict correlation between the degree of binding of [3H]‐dexamethasone and malignancy on the basis of histological findings could be demonstrated. In contrast, the immunoperoxidase method was in full agreement with the histological type of the tumor. Thus, nearly all malignant breast tumors (carcinomas) were positive by the immunoperoxidase method to a varying degree. Most of the examined benign tumor‐like conditions (fibrocystic disease) were found to be negative. Intermediate situtations, such as atypical duct or lobular hyperplasia, papillomatosis etc., were mostly positive. These findings suggest that the immunoperoxidase method, apart from its usefulness for the detection of glucocorticoid receptors in breast tissue, may be used as an early biological marker to detect early conversion of normal to hyperplastic tissue and/or malignancy of the mammary gland.
High‐resolution analysis of chromosome markers in burkitt lymphoma cell lines
Authors: Zhang Sichong , Zech Lore , Klein George 
Published: February 2007

AbstractUsing a high‐resolution chromosome banding technique, which provided more elongated and distinctly banded chromosomes, some new evidence was obtained for localization of break points in Burkitt lymphoma marker chromosomes. As a result, the characteristic translocation between chromosomes 8 and 14 was designated as t(8;14) (q24.1;q32.5) and the deletion of chromosome 15 was designated as del(15) (q13q15).
Regulation and role of different macrophage‐ and granulocyte‐inducing proteins in normal and leukemic myeloid cells
Authors: Liebermann Dan , Hoffman‐Liebermann Barbara , Sachs Leo 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIt has previously been shown that there are different molecular forms of macrophage‐ and granulocyte‐inducing (MGI) proteins; one form, MGI‐I, induced the formation of colonies with differentiated cells from normal myeloblasts and another form, MGI‐2, induced normal differentiation in MGI+D+ leukemic myeloblasts that no longer require MGI‐I to form colonies. The present results indicate that MGI‐2 can also induce differentiation (without inducing colony formation) in the normal cells, and that MGI‐I induced MIG‐2 in the normal but not in the leukemic cells. It is suggested from these results that MGI‐2 is the differentiation‐inducing protein for normal and leukemic cells whereas MGI‐I is the growth‐inducing protein that induces colony formation by the normal cells, and that induction of differentiation in the normal cell colonies is due to induction of MGI‐2 by MGI‐I.
Different t‐cell subtypes are associated with pathologically distinct forms of moloney leukemia virus (m‐mulv)‐induced lymphoma
Authors: Åsjö Birgitta , Fenyo Eva Maria , Klein George , Skoog Lambert 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe T‐cell enzyme markers, terminal deoxy‐nucleotidyl transferase (TdT) and 20 α hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (20 α SDH), were used to classify lymphomas induced by the Moloney leukemia virus (M‐MuLV). Different subtypes of T cells were shown to be involved in different types of lymphoma. Thymomas were TdT‐positive and grew as subcutaneous solid tumors at the site of inoculation. Spleen cells from mice with generalized lymphoma were of two types. In the majority of cases the lymphomas consisted of 20 α SDH‐positive cells that homed to spleen and lymph nodes upon transplantation. In a few cases the cells of enlarged spleens were TdT‐positive and, like the TdT‐positive thymomas, could be transplanted as subcutaneous tumors. Thus, TdT‐positive and 20 α SDH‐positive T‐cell lymphomas can be distinguished by their homing properties. Preleukemic thymus cells from M‐MuLV inoculated mice can, after transfer to 400‐R irradiated syngeneic hosts, induce new lymphomas by virus release or grow in an autonomous fashion in the recipients. Whether of donor or recipient type, these lymphomas are TdT‐positive. In contrast, preleukemic bone marrow cells give lymphomas of donor type which are as heterogeneous for T‐cell enzymes as are lymphomas induced by neonatal inoculation of M‐MuLV.
Syngeneic and allogeneic cell‐mediated cytotoxicity against marek's disease lymphoblastoid tumor cell lines
Authors: Schat K. A. , Shek W. R. , Calnek B. W. , Abplanalp H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractCell‐mediated cytotoxicity (CMC) of lymphocytes obtained from chickens infected with Marek's disease (MD) virus against allogeneic MD lymphoblastoid cell lines has been reported by several research groups. Recently, we established a number of cell lines from MD tumors obtained from highly inbred chickens and characterized for major and minor histocompatibility antigens. Allogeneic versus syngeneic CMC was studied using those cell lines and lymphocytes obtained from chickens 6‐8 days post infection with 5B‐1, a non‐oncogenic MD virus. Allogeneic cytotoxicity could be easily demonstrated, while syngeneic cytotoxicity was a rare event. However, increase of the CMC assay period from 4 to 8 h did enhance syngeneic cytotoxicity. Cold inhibition assays demonstrated that the allogeneic cytotoxicity was directed against alloantigens present on spleen lymphocytes sharing the same major histocompatibility antigens as the target cells. Cytotoxicity was not influenced by the sex of either target or effector cells or by the level of virus infectivity of the effector cells.
In vivo reduction of nk activity with anti‐nk 1 serum: Direct evaluation of nk cells in tumor clearance
Authors: Pollack Sylvia B. , Hallenbeck Linda A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe have developed a new model to test the in vivo functions of NK cells. Injection of B6 mice with as little as 25 μl of an NK‐specific alloantiserum, anti‐NK I.I, significantly reduced the recipient's NK activity. The reduction, monitored in vitro as a decrease in the ability of spleen cells (SC) to lyse 51Cr‐labelled YAC‐I target cells, occurred rapidly, within 2 h of administration of the anti‐NK I.I serum. NK activity gradually returned to control levels but still was significantly depressed at 48 h. Comparable decreases were observed whether the serum was injected by the intravenous (i.v.) or the intraperitoneal (i.p.) route. Injection of the mice with exogenous complement (newborn rabbit serum) did not significantly increase the antiserum's effect. To test the requirement for NK cells in tumor clearance in vivo, mice were pre‐treated with anti‐NK I.I serum and subsequently injected i.v. with 125IdUrd (5‐iodo 2′‐deoxyuridine)‐labelled YAC‐I or RBL‐5 lymphoma cells. Tumor cell clearance in lungs, liver and spleen was reduced two to four‐fold in the antiserum‐treated mice compared to injection controls. These results provide direct evidence that NK cells are involved in the elimination of tumor cells in vivo.
Kinetics of the immune response of tumor‐bearing hamsters to two simian virus 40 coded non‐structural polypeptides present in simian virus 40 tumor cells
Authors: Ransom Janet H. , Thompson David L. , Tevethia Satvir S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe kinetics of the immune response of hamsters transplanted with virus‐free SV40 tumor cells (TSV5) to two SV40‐coded non‐structural proteins of 94,000 daltons (T antigen) and 17,000 daltons (t antigen) was studied in order to determine if the variation in the immune reactivity of serum from tumor‐bearing animals towards these proteins can be explained on the basis of differential immune response during various stages of tumor growth. The results demonstrate that individual animals vary in their capacity to respond immunologically to T and t antigens in SV40‐transformed cells and that, further, the immune response to T and t antigens is influenced by the stage of tumor development.
Cancer of the oesophagus and the use of tobacco and alcoholic beverages in transkei, 1975‐6
Authors: McGlashan N. D. , Bradshaw Evelyn , Harington J. S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA large questionnaire‐based sample survey over a period of 2 years has collected information on tobacco and alcohol use among young and old, male and female respondents in three regions of Transkei selected on the basis of having proved contrasts of incidence experience from oesophageal cancer. Results show significant gradients of social fabric and of customary usage of tobacco and alcohol across the three incidence regions. In particular the concept is supported of a synergistic relationship between tobacco and alcohol when both are used by one individual, with the major role being played by tobacco, especially when smoked in pipes. Stress is also laid on contrasts between old and young on the assumption that dynamic shifts of mortality may be expected to follow as the young of today alter the patterns of intake established by their elders.
Hodgkin and sternberg‐reed cells contain antigens specific to late cells of granulopoiesis
Authors: Stein Harald , Gerdes Johannes , Uchánska‐Ziegler Barbara , Ziegler Andreas , Wernet Peter 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe results of a recent investigation, in which an anti‐serum specifically directed against Hodgkin (H) and Sternberg‐Reed (SR) cells was prepared, indicated the existence of a granulocytic cell‐specific antigen on H and SR cells. In the present study, a large series of biopsies from patients with Hodgkin's disease were subjected to immunostaining with monoclonal mouse antibodies raised against acute myelomonocytic leukemia (AMML) cells. Among seven hybrids that secreted antibodies showing reactivity to AMML cells but not to Daudi cells, there were three (TÜ5, TÜ6 and TÜ9) whose antibodies selectively stained formalinresistant antigens in cells of granulopoiesis. The strongest staining was found in the more mature cells; only a few promyelocytes stained very faintly with TÜ9. H and SR cells showed distinct staining for TÜ9 in 57 (76%) of the 75 tested cases of Hodgkin's disease, whereas TÜ5 and TÜ6‐reactive H and SR cells were found in only 35 cases (47%). All cases of the nodular sclerosis type and almost all cases of the mixed cellularity type contained TÜ9‐reactive H and SR cells, although the percentage varied from case to case. TÜ9‐reactive H and SR cells were demonstrated in nine of 12 cases of the lymphocyte depletion type and in eight of 21 cases of the lymphocyte predominance type. The presence of granulocytic cell‐specific antigens in H and SR cells in most of the cases of Hodgkin's disease suggests that (1) H and SR cells (including the lacunar cell variant) are not heterogeneous, but rather homogeneous in origin and nature, at least in a majority of cases, and (2) H and SR cells are more closely related to cells of the granulocytic cell lineage than to any other type of cell of the hemato‐lymphoid system.
Serum sex steroid and peptide hormone concentrations, and endometrial estrogen and progestin receptor levels during administration of human leukocyte interferon
Authors: Kauppila A. , Cantell K. , Jänne O. , Kokko E. , Vihko R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFive normally cycling healthy women were given daily subcutaneous injections of human leukocyte interferon (3 × 106 units/day) from the 3rd through 23rd day of the menstrual cycle, and serum steroid and peptide hormone concentrations monitored at 3‐day intervals during the treatment and the preceding control cycle. Concentrations of cytosol and nuclear estrogen receptors (ERc and ERn, respectively) and progestin receptors (PRc and PRn) were also measured from endometrial biopsies taken on the 24th day of the control and treatment cycle. In addition, an extensive monitoring of clinical chemical and hematological tests from the blood samples were performed. Serum estradiol and progesterone concentrations were significantly decreased during the treatment cycle, suggesting that interferon interacts in vivo with the function of both FSH and LH. No significant changes were observed in the serum peptide hormone concentrations measured (FSH, LH, prolactin, insulin, growth hormone and TSH); neither were the levels of endometrial ERc, ERn, PRc and PRn affected by interferon administration. As expected, interferon administration resulted in decreased leukocyte counts. Moreover, an increasing tendency in the activities of serum alkaline phosphatase and gamma‐glutamyltransferase during the interferon therapy shows that interferon may slightly interfere with the liver function. These results suggest that one of the mechanisms by which interferon treatment may affect the growth of hormone‐dependent neoplasms could be the interaction with production and/or function of circulating hormonal compounds.
Risk of cancer in the norwegian aluminium industry
Authors: Andersen Aage , Magnus Knut , Dahlberg Bjørn E. , Wannag Axel 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe study comprises 7,410 male employees from the Norwegian primary aluminium industry, and presents overall mortality as well as cancer incidence. During the period 1953‐79, 428 new cases of cancer were observed compared to the expected number of 412.2. The only statistically significant difference for the four investigated plants combined was cancer of the lung with 57 observed against 35.9 expected cases. The increased risk was almost solely confined to two subgroups in processing departments; workers with a short duration of employment and workers with a very long duration of employment in the older plants. These results were difficult to interpret because of the problems in selecting the appropriate reference population for estimation of expected number of cases of lung cancer. Furthermore, the individual occupational histories were incomplete and there was no information on smoking habits. In order to determine whether there is an excess risk for workers with long periods of employment in the newer plants, it is necessary to wait for another 10‐20 years, when more conclusive data will become available.
Detection of simian virus 40 surface‐associated large tumor antigen by enzyme‐catalyzed radioiodination
Authors: Soule Howard R. , Lanford Robert E. , Butel Janet S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTo facilitate detection of SV40 surface‐associated tumor antigen (T‐ag), conditions were established to surface label T‐ag on intact cells by lactoperoxidase‐catalyzed radioiodination (125I/LPO). SDS‐PAGE analysis of anti‐T immunoprecipitates of SV40‐transformed and ‐infected cells labelled with 125I/LPO revealed the presence of iodinated T‐ag. Several types of control experiments were employed to guarantee the surface specificity of the 125I/LPO labelling technique. When SV40‐transformed mouse cells were surface labelled with lactoperoxidase and glucose oxidase immobilized on insoluble beads, a preparation less readily internalized than soluble enzymes, T‐ag was iodinated. Selective immunoprecipitation of surface antigens demonstrated that lactoperoxidase did not iodinate internally localized T‐ag. A reconstruction experiment in which an extract of SV40‐infected cells was added to uninfected cells prior to surface labelling suggested that T‐ag released from lysed cells did not adhere significantly to monolayer surfaces and become iodinated. Finally, systematic omission of reactants from the iodination reaction revealed that exogenous addition of lactoperoxidase and H2O2 was necessary to generate an iodinated T‐ag, indicating that endogenous host cell reactants do not contribute significantly to the iodination of T‐ag. 125I‐labelled T‐ag was detectable on the surface of SV40 tsA‐infected cells at the nonpermissive temperature 24 h post infection, indicating that the tsA lesion does not prevent the interaction of T‐ag with the cell surface. When 125I/LPO‐labelled transformed or infected cells were chased for 2.5 h after labelling, iodinated T‐ag was no longer associated with the cell monolayer but was immunoprecipitable from culture supernatants. Cultures from which labelled T‐ag had been shed could then be relabelled with 125I/LPO and surface‐associated T‐ag was again detectable. These data suggest that surface‐associated T‐ag is continuously shed from the cell surface and is rapidly replaced in the membrane by intracellular T‐ag.
Characterization of a highly oncogenic murine leukemia virus from wild mice
Authors: Rasheed Suraiya , Pal Bijay K. , Gardner Murray B. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe have isolated a highly lymphomagenic wild mouse virus by passage of a weakly oncogenic amphotropic murine leukaemia virus (MuLV‐A) in NIH Swiss mice. This virus is similar in host range, interference and neutralization properties to that of the inoculated amphotropic virus but is distinct from it biochemically and causes lymphomas in 90‐100% of mice within 1‐2 months. Our results indicate that this highly oncogenic virus is a recombinant of wild mouse MuLV‐A and sequences related to env gene region of the endogenous xenotropic virus of NIH Swiss mice.
Familial breast cancer in iceland
Authors: Tuljnius Hrafn , Bjarnason Olafur , Geirsson Gunnlaugur , Johannesson Gudmundur , Sigvaldason Helgi , Bjarnadotitr Gudrun , Grimsdottir Kristin , Day Nicholas E. , Liceaga Gonzalez Maria A. De 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWomen who have relatives known to have had breast cancer are at an increased risk of getting the disease compared with the general population. On the basis of an extensive collection of family trees of women with breast cancer, the magnitude of this increase in risk is computed. Previously published results on other breast cancer risk factors are drawn upon and it has been possible to take account of some of these e.g., age, decade of birth, age at first childbirth and parity in the risk estimates. The relative risk with such adjustment is found to be 2.59 for mothers and 2.56 for sisters.
Studies of human natural killer cells. I. in vivo parameters affecting normal cytotoxic function
Authors: Pross Hugh F. , Baines Malcolm G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe results of natural killer cell (NK) studies on 539 normal healthy donors tested from once to 213 times over a seven‐year time span have been presented. NK activity did not vary with donor blood group, Rh type or (in a small sample) HLA type. There was a slight but significant increase in NK activity from birth to adulthood, and between males and females. The male/female difference was present at birth and persisted through adulthood. The relative NK activity of individual donors tested repeatedly over many years was remarkably consistent in spite of variability in the absolute cytotoxidty observed. The expression of NK data in terms of relative NK was found to be superior to other methods, and the values obtained were found to be independent of the NK‐sensitive target cell used. Although age and sex differences in NK activity are slight, their existence should be considered when studies of NK activity in patients are analysed.
HLA antigen expression on urothelial cells: Detection by antibody‐dependent cell‐mediated cytotoxicity
Authors: O'Toole Carol M. , Tiptaft R. C. , Stevens A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAntibody‐dependent cell‐mediated cytotoxkity (ADCC) was used to detect HLA‐A, ‐B and ‐C antigens on in vitro cultured urothelial cells of normal or malignant derivation. Alloantisera induced specific lysis of 51Cr‐labelted targets by effector lymphoid cells from non‐immune donors. HLA antisera were routinely titred to dilutions ≧ 10−3 on urothelial cells in primary or long‐term culture. The HLA phenotype was compared for lymphoid cells and urothelial cells from eight individuals. HLA antigens detected by complement mediated lymphocytotoxkity were also detected on urothelial cells. No deletions or gains in HLA antigens were found on normal or malignant urothelial cultures as compared with donor lymphocyte HLA typings. The results show that the established urothelial cells lines J82, TCCSuP and SCaBER have retained their donor HLA phenotype. The established cell lines T24 and RT4 derived from transitional cell carcinomas and HCV‐29 from urothelium were found to have distinctive HLA profiles although donor lymphocytes were not available for comparison. The serological crossreactions seen in complement mediated lymphocytotoxidty were clearly observed in ADCC. In particular, HLA‐Cw5 was found to crossreact with HLA‐Cw8. HLA‐Cw5 was detected on 6/8 cultures of transitional cell carcinomas and this was confirmed by absorption analysis.
Enzymes of collagen synthesis and type iii procollagen amino‐propeptide in serum from nigerians with hepatocellular carcinoma and other malignant diseases
Authors: Bolarin Debayo M. , Savolainen Eeva‐Riitta , Kivirikko Kari I. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSerum immunoreactive prolyl hydroxylase protein (S‐IRPH), galactosylhydroxylysyl glucosyltransferase activity (S‐GGT) and the amino‐terminal propeptide of type III procollagen [S‐Pro(III)‐N‐P] were studied in 24 patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma, 18 with secondary liver neoplasms and 35 with other malignant diseases but no evidence of liver involvement; this latter group included 13 patients with Burkitt's lymphoma, II with breast cancer and 11 with other neoplasms. Control values were determined for 60 apparently healthy Nigerians. S‐IRPH and S‐GGT were above the upper normal limit, defined as the mean+ 2 SD of the controls, in all the patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma and all but one with secondary liver neoplasms, whereas only one S‐IRPH value and three S‐GGT values exceeded this limit in the patients with other malignant diseases. The mean S‐Pro(III)‐N‐P was even more elevated than S‐IRPH and S‐GGT in the primary and secondary liver neoplasm cases, but was also elevated in other malignant neoplasms; about one third of the patients with no evidence of liver involvement had a concentration exceeding the upper normal limit. A high correlation was found between the values for the three assays both in primary hepatocellular carcinoma and in the whole series of malignant diseases. The data suggest that primary and secondary malignant neoplasms of the liver have a high rate of collagen synthesis. The three assays may be of some value in the diagnosis of primary hepatocellular carcinoma and secondary liver involvement in other malignant diseases, and in monitoring the treatment provided.
Migration inhibition caused by ebv‐specific 48k subcomponent of ebna and the associated 53k cellular protein
Authors: Szigeti Robert , Luka Janos , Sternås Lars , Klein George 
Published: February 2007

AbstractLeukocytes from EBV‐seropositive but not seronegative healthy donors responded with significant migration inhibition to the 48K subcomponent of the Epstein‐Barr virus determined nuclear antigen (EBNA), known to carry the virally determined antigenic specificity. A concentration of 10 μg/ml was still effective while 5 μg/ml had no detectable effect. EBNA‐associated cellular 53K protein had no effect by itself, but it potentiated the effect of 48K, even K the latter was added at the subliminal concentration of 5 μg/ml. The related 53K protein, isolated from EBV‐negative human lymphoma cells, was also effective, whereas the corresponding murine‐tumor‐associated 53K had no potentiating effect Immunization of mice with an extract of DNA‐binding proteins from EBV‐carrying Raji cells, known to contain both 48K and 53K, induced a significant macrophage migration inhibition response, to both human 48K and 53K. Murine 53K was ineffective, however. Human but not murine 53K increased the migration inhibitory activity of subliminal concentrations of 48K in the murine macrophage system as well. These findings suggest that human but not murine 53K may reconstitute with 48K (EBNA) to form a highly immunogenic complex.