Abstract LB081: Novel targeted oligonucleotide-based telomere disruptor for immunotherapy of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
Authors: Yu Chunsong , Liang Yong , Swiderski Piotr , Kwak Larry , Kortylewski Marcin 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Telomerase (TERT) is an enzyme critical for carcinogenesis expressed in about 90% of human cancers, including aggressive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Targeting TERT proven difficult due to on-target toxicities to non-malignant hematopoietic stem cells and potentially to activated immune effector cells. To overcome these challenges, we developed novel TLR9+ cell-selective CpG-oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) to deliver telomere-damaging nucleoside analogue, 6-thio-2’-deoxy-guanosine (6tdG), into target B cell lymphoma cells in vitro and in vivo. Human and mouse TLR9+/TERT+ lymphoma cells rapidly internalized CpG(6tdG)-oligonucleotides through active endocytosis. 6tdG molecules were released from the 3’ end of the oligonucleotide into cytosol and cell nucleus. TERT-mediated 6tdG incorporation into telomeres, led to DNA damage and lymphoma cell death. In vitro, CpG(6tdG)-oligonucleotides showed potency in targeting variety of human DLBCL cells in nanomolar range without detectable toxicity to non-malignant TERT— cells or human TERT+ hematopoietic stem cells and activated T cells. Importantly, the repeated systemic administration of CpG(6tdG)-oligonucleotides was well-tolerated by humanized hCD34/NOG mice, without detectable decrease in the percentage of hematopoietic stem cells, myeloid cells or T cells although the numbers of B cells were partly reduced as expected. Intravenously injected CpG(6tdG)-oligonucleotides, but not 6tdG nucleoside, had potent and dose-dependent antitumor effects against xenotransplanted models of human GC- or ABC-subtypes of DLBCL, such as OCI-Ly18 or OCI-Ly3, respectively. Furthermore, we assessed CpG(6tdG)-oligonucleotide activity against aggressive, syngeneic TERT+ Eμ-myc/15A lymphoma in immunocompetent mice. CpG(6tdG)-oligonucleotide, but not the CpG-oligonucleotide alone, 6tdG alone or co-injection of thereof, was effective in triggering regression of established 15A tumors with long-term survival of the majority of mice. The effect of CpG(6tdG)-oligonucleotide correlated with the activation of tumor antigen-specific T cell-mediated antitumor immune responses. In contrast, when tested in immunodeficient mice, CpG(6tdG)-oligonucleotide induced significant but transient regression of 15A lymphoma. These results suggest that the oligonucleotide elicits two-pronged activity triggering direct lymphoma cell cytotoxicity and also immune-mediated antitumor effects. Overall, this cell-selective strategy could provide an effective and safer strategy against aggressive TERT+ DLBCL cells with potential to engage and support T cell-based antitumor immunity.
Citation Format: Chunsong Yu, Yong Liang, Piotr Swiderski, Larry Kwak, Marcin Kortylewski. Novel targeted oligonucleotide-based telomere disruptor for immunotherapy of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 2 (Late-Breaking, Clinical Trial, and Invited Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(7_Suppl):Abstract nr LB081.