bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self‐organization of plasma edge turbulence in interaction with recycling neutrals
Authors: Quadri V. , Tamain P. , Marandet Y. , Bufferand H. , Rivals N. , Ciraolo G. , Falchetto G. , Düll R. , Yang H. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractExperimental results from several tokamaks suggest a strong impact of divertor density regimes on turbulent transport in the edge plasma. Reciprocally, the change in transverse transport and SOL width affects the access to density regimes, making it a fundamental topic for heat exhaust issue. Such phenomenology is highly nonlinear and can only be approached quantitatively using numerical simulations treating turbulence and neutrals recycling physics self‐consistently. In this study, the SOLEDGE3X edge multi‐fluid code is used to investigate the mutual interaction between edge plasma turbulence and neutrals recycling. A fluid neutrals model based on the assumption of a charge‐exchange‐dominated plasma‐neutral interaction has been implemented. Two simulations in circular geometry are compared: one without neutrals, where the particle flux is driven by a constant in flux from the core region, and the other one with neutrals recycling included in which the particle input to the system is self‐consistently injected by a gas puff from the midplane. The presence of the neutrals triggers three types of perturbations on the plasma: a local and non‐axisymmetric one driven by the gas puff, a global perturbation affecting both profiles and turbulence properties in the whole domain, and a local one in the vicinity of the limiter where recycling occurs. The largest effect of the inclusion of self‐consistent neutrals recycling is a large‐scale reorganization of the plasma profiles and turbulence properties due to the dissociation of particle and energy fluxes. These effects are expected to be more important at higher densities regimes or in diverted configuration.
Development of a new assay for quantification of parasite load of intracellular Leishmania sp. in macrophages using flow cytometry
Authors: Silva Adriana C. , Almeida Palloma P. , Fietto Juliana L. R. , Oliveira Leandro L. , Marques‐da‐Silva Eduardo A. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractFinding novel methodologies that enhance the precision, agility, and standardization of drug discovery is crucial for studying leishmaniasis. The slide count is the technique most used to assess the leishmanicidal effect of a given drug in vitro. Despite being consolidated in the scientific environment, it presents several difficulties in its execution, assessment, and results. In addition to being laborious, this technique takes time, both for the preparation of the material for analysis and for the counting itself. Our research group suggests a fresh approach to address this requirement, which involves utilizing nuclear labeling with propidium iodide and flow cytometry to determine the quantity of Leishmania sp. parasites present in macrophages in vitro. Our results show that the fluorescence of infected samples increases as the infection rate increases. Using Pearson's Correlation analysis, it was possible to establish a correlation coefficient (Pearson r = 0.9473) that was strongly positive, linear, and directly proportional to the fluorescence and infection rate variables. Thus, it is possible to infer a mathematical equation through linear regression to estimate the number of parasites in each sample using the Relative Fluorescence Units (RFU) values. This new methodology opens space for the possibility of using this methodological resource in the in vitro quantification of Leishmania in macrophages.
Habitat selection and refuge‐use by a color polymorphic salamander reveal behavioral niche differences
Authors: Straub Cory S. , Cuomo Rosella G. , Jimenez Gabriel 
Published: February 2024

AbstractColor polymorphic species provide an excellent opportunity to investigate the ecology and evolution of intraspecific niche differences. The red‐backed salamander, Plethodon cinereus, is a fully terrestrial lungless salamander with two common color forms, striped and unstriped. Previous research suggests the morphs may be differentially adapted to surface and subsurface microhabitats, with the unstriped morph being more fossorial. This hypothesis predicts that the unstriped morph should be more sensitive to the risks of surface activity (e.g., thermal stress, dehydration, predation), and therefore be more selective than striped morphs when choosing soil surface microhabitats. To test this hypothesis, we experimentally manipulated leaf litter mass in small forest patches (~0.45 m2). Leaf litter addition reduced soil temperatures, buffered against changes in air temperature, and likely provided physical protection from predators. Over 3 years, we found that unstriped adults responded positively to leaf litter addition, but striped adults did not. In addition, unstriped morphs spent significantly more time in protective refuges (opaque, moistened tubes) than striped morphs in laboratory assays. Taken together, the field and laboratory results support the hypothesis that the unstriped morph is more sensitive to the risks of surface activity, and therefore is more likely to be fossorial. This difference in microhabitat use, combined with spatiotemporal variation in leaf litter accumulation on the forest floor, may play an important role in the maintenance of the polymorphism.
Bison and bighorns: Assessing the potential impacts of reintroducing a large herbivore to a mountainous landscape
Authors: Whyte Peter J. , Henderson Darcy C. , Heuer Karsten , Ford Adam T. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe reintroduction of wildlife can have significant ecological impacts by altering the flow of energy in food webs. Recently, plains bison were reintroduced to part of Banff National Park after a 150‐year absence. The large herbivore's reintroduction was expected to have far‐reaching effects on the ecosystem due to its significant energy requirements and interactions with habitat and other sympatric species. This study explores the impacts of bison reintroduction on the movement and resource use of another large‐bodied grazer, the Rocky Mountain bighorn sheep. Between 2018 and 2021, we collected data from GPS collars fit on 39 bighorn sheep and 11 bison. We analyzed home range patterns, resource selection, and interactions to investigate the potential for interspecific competition, facilitation, and resource complementarity. At the population level, bison and bighorn sheep exhibited low levels of spatial overlap and there was strong evidence of resource separation in all seasons. Interactions between species did not appear to affect sheep movement rates; however, we did see differences in forage selection patterns for sheep with overlapping home ranges with bison. Collectively, results did not support the potential for competition or facilitation between bison and bighorn sheep and instead provided the strongest evidence of complementarity.
Editors' highlight picks from 2023 in ESC heart failure
Authors: Bäck Magnus , von Haehling Stephan , Papp Zoltán , Piepoli Massimo F. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractHeart failure is a devastating syndrome affecting an increasingly high number of patients worldwide. Its aetiology and pathogenesis are complex with the involvement of factors ranging from the genetic material through valvular dysfunctions to numerous organs beyond the entire cardiovascular system. Based on continuous efforts of the heart failure scientific community we have witnessed major advances in many related disciplines during the last year. For example, epidemiological aspects—paving the road for improved risk prevention—have been thoroughly analysed for various geographical regions. Additionally, evidence‐based approaches now allow the introduction of novel guideline recommended medical therapies (i.e. sodium‐glucose transporter 2 inhibitors, and iron supplementation) while basic and translational research aim to explore additional molecular targets for future heart failure diagnostics and medications. All above aspects are addressed in this article, where a selection of articles published in the ESC Heart Failure journal in 2023 are highlighted. The editors are confident that the scientific contributions of ESC Heart Failure effectively served a highly relevant area of cardiovascular research last year.
Adsorption and partial catalytic oxidation of hydrogen sulfide to elemental sulfur using facilely prepared materials derived from sludge of groundwater treatment
Authors: Hien Lam Pham Thanh , Cam Thanh Son , Phuc Pham Hong , Thuy Nguyen Thi , Thuy Vo Thi Thanh , Thanh Dang Van , Huy Nguyen Nhat 
Published: February 2024

AbstractRealizing the use of biogas as fuel or a gas engine, it is needed to upgrade to natural gas standards when it comes to pure biomethane, meaning impurities must be removed to a certain low concentration. Among these tasks, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) removal steadfastly gets the most attention. In the present work, partial catalytic oxidation was used to convert H2S to less harmful forms. Adsorbents/catalysts applied to this process were prepared from the sludge of a groundwater treatment plant using a simple combination of drying and calcination methods. As a relevant result, the as‐prepared sample (dried at 105°C for 24 h) exhibited high activity, with 90 ± 2% H2S conversion after 120 min of reaction time, while the sample calcined at about 500°C for 5 h (TP‐500) showed the highest H2S conversion (96 ± 2%); the lowest 28 ± 1% belonged to the case of TP‐700. The main compositions of the TP‐500 sample were crystalline calcite and amorphous iron oxides. The average size of calcite crystallites was ~45 nm, with a specific surface area of ~76 m2/g. Moreover, the presence of oxygen in the catalytic process and the “self‐outflow process” of sulfur desorption were the vital keys that allowed the partial H2S oxidation to take place continuously. After a reaction time of 2 h, the adsorption capacity of the best sample was 460.8 mg/g. Thus, it is obvious that inexpensive catalysts derived from sludge precursors can be effectively used for H2S removal from mixtures with air, supporting the treatment of raw biogas in the coming time.
The influence of blade curvature radius on the internal unsteady characteristics of a centrifugal pump
Authors: Wang Yuqin , Liu Shuai , Cao Zhenhu 
Published: February 2024

AbstractTo study the influence of the blade curvature radius on the flow‐induced vibration and noise of the centrifugal pump, the internal sound field of the IS 80‐65‐160 centrifugal pump was numerically calculated by adjusting the blade wrap angles to change the blade curvature radius. The RNG (Reynolds Time Average Simulation) turbulence model was selected for the numerical calculation of the centrifugal pump. The numerical simulation of the whole flow channel of the centrifugal pump was carried out using Ansys Fluent software, and the external characteristic curve of the centrifugal pump was obtained. The influence of different blade wrap angles on the internal pressure, velocity and Turbulent Kinetic Energy of the centrifugal pump was obtained. On the basis of the sound–structure coupling equation, the unsteady sound field of the centrifugal pump was calculated, and the time domain and frequency domain characteristics of the pressure pulsation at each monitoring point were obtained. The calculation results showed that the dynamic and static interference between the impeller and the volute tongue mainly caused the vibration of the centrifugal pump. By appropriately increasing the blade wrap angles, the pressure pulsation in the volute fluid domain could be effectively reduced. The vibration and noise test bench of the centrifugal pump was set up to verify the test. The experimental results showed that at the double‐blade frequency, the variation trend of the experimental value and the simulated value of the outflow flow‐induced noise of the centrifugal pump were consistent, which verified the accuracy of the sound field simulation calculation. When the blade wrap angle , it could effectively reduce the internal sound pressure level and the flow‐induced vibration and noise of the centrifugal pump. By adopting measures such as grid encryption at the position of the tongue, nonstationary calculation and comparison of different turbulence models, the accuracy of the calculation results of the internal flow field and sound field of the centrifugal pump is effectively improved, and the accuracy and reliability of the experimental results are ensured. The above research results had certain reference significance and application value for improving the working efficiency of centrifugal pumps and reducing flow‐induced vibration and noise.
A Novel Technological Approach to Recover Aquatic Research Equipment from Depth
Authors: Smith Kurtis A , Bzonek Paul A , Brownscombe Jacob W 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Researchers are increasingly using biologging equipment (e.g., telemetry receivers, temperature loggers) to characterize the ecology of aquatic ecosystems. This equipment is commonly deployed at a wide range of water depths and greatly expands our capacity to remotely monitor aquatic ecosystems; however, equipment retrieval can be a major challenge. Here, we describe a technological solution to this challenge that uses a combination of live imaging sonar and a remotely operated vehicle to efficiently locate and recover equipment across a wide range of conditions (e.g., turbid water, range of water depths). We provide details on our specific equipment setup (total cost &lt; Can$15,000) used for the recovery of acoustic fish tracking receivers moored to the benthos of Stoney Lake, Ontario, Canada. There are some limitations to this approach, which are discussed. With technological advances and increases in affordability of commercially available products, this approach may be widely applicable to recover biologgers from depth.
Machine learning in neurological disorders: A multivariate LSTM and AdaBoost approach to Alzheimer's disease time series analysis
Authors: Irfan Muhammad , Shahrestani Seyed , Elkhodr Mahmoud 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIntroductionAlzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive brain disorder that impairs cognitive functions, behavior, and memory. Early detection is crucial as it can slow down the progression of AD. However, early diagnosis and monitoring of AD's advancement pose significant challenges due to the necessity for complex cognitive assessments and medical tests.MethodsThis study introduces a data acquisition technique and a preprocessing pipeline, combined with multivariate long short‐term memory (M‐LSTM) and AdaBoost models. These models utilize biomarkers from cognitive assessments and neuroimaging scans to detect the progression of AD in patients, using The AD Prediction of Longitudinal Evolution challenge cohort from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative database.ResultsThe methodology proposed in this study significantly improved performance metrics. The testing accuracy reached 80% with the AdaBoost model, while the M‐LSTM model achieved an accuracy of 82%. This represents a 20% increase in accuracy compared to a recent similar study.DiscussionThe findings indicate that the multivariate model, specifically the M‐LSTM, is more effective in identifying the progression of AD compared to the AdaBoost model and methodologies used in recent research.
Integrating emerging science to improve estimates of risk to wildlife from chemical exposure: What are the challenges?
Authors: van den Brink Nico W. , Elliott John E. , Power Beth , Kilgour Clare , Johnson Mark S. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Many jurisdictions require ecological risk assessments for terrestrial wildlife (i.e., terrestrial vertebrates) to assess potential adverse effects from exposure to anthropogenic chemicals. This occurs, for example, at contaminated sites and when new pesticides are proposed, and it occurs for chemicals that are in production and/or proposed for wide-scale use. However, guidance to evaluate such risks has not changed markedly in decades, despite the availability of new scientific tools to do so. In 2019, the Wildlife Toxicology World Interest Group of the Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (SETAC) initiated a virtual workshop that included a special session coincident with the annual SETAC North America meeting and which focused on the prospect of improving risk assessments for wildlife and improving their use in implementing chemical regulations. Work groups continued the work and investigated the utility of integrating emerging science and novel methods for improving problem formulation (WG1), exposure (WG2), toxicology (WG3), and risk characterization (WG4). Here we provide a summary of that workshop and the follow-up work, the regulations that drive risk assessment, and the key focus areas identified to advance the ability to predict risks of chemicals to wildlife. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2024;20:645–657. © 2024 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).
Prevalence of latent tuberculosis infection in Asian nations: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Shrestha Abhigan B. , Siam Imran S. , Tasnim Jarin , Dahal Abhinav , Roy Poulami , Neupane Sushil , Adhikari Ashok , Khanal Barsha , Ghimirie Rupesh , Shrestha Dikshya , Bhattarai Suju , Shrestha Sajina , Mainali Nischal , Sedhai Yub Raj , Singh Uday 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundTuberculosis (TB) is a serious public health concern around the world including Asia. TB burden is high in Asian countries and significant population harbor latent tuberculosis infection(LTBI).AimThis systematic review and meta‐analysis aims to evaluate the prevalence of LTBI in Asian countries.MethodWe performed a systematic literature search on PubMed, Embase, and ScienceDirect to identify relevant articles published between January 1, 2005, and January 1, 2023 investigating the overall prevalence of latent TB among people of Asia. Subgroup analysis was done for Asian subregions during the study period of 2011 to 2016 and 2017 to 2023, for tuberculin skin test (TST) and interferon gamma release assay (IGRA), respectively, as well as for QuantiFERON‐TB (QFT) and TSPOT TB tests. Der Simonian and Laird's random‐effects model was used to pool the prevalence of LTBI found using TST and IGRA.ResultA total of 15 studies were included after a systematic search from standard electronic databases. The analysis showed that the prevalence of latent TB in Asia was 21% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 19%–23%) and 36% (95% CI: 12%–59%) according to IGRAs and TSTs (cut off 10 mm) results, respectively. Based on IGRA, the prevalence of latent TB was 20% (95% CI: 13%–25%) in 2011 to 2016 and 21% (95% CI: 18%–24%) in 2017 to 2023. Using QFT, the prevalence was 19% (95% CI: 17%–22%) and using TSPOT, the prevalence was 26% (95% CI: 21%–31%). According to the United Nations division of Asia, the prevalence was higher for the Southern region and least for the Western region using TST and higher in the South‐Eastern region and least in the Western region using the IGRA test.ConclusionAlmost a quarter of the Asian population has LTBI. Its diagnosis often poses a diagnostic challenge due to the unavailability of standard test in certain areas. Given this prevalence, a mass screening program is suggested with the available standard test and public awareness along with anti‐TB regimen should be considered for individuals who test positive. However, for it to be implemented effectively, we need to take the affordability, availability, and cost‐effectiveness of such interventions into account.
Renal pseudoaneurysm after calculous pyelonephritis
Authors: Koyama Yuri , Yumioka Tetsuya , Ohno Hirofumi 
Published: February 2024

IntroductionRenal pseudoaneurysms reportedly occur after partial nephrectomy, renal trauma, or percutaneous procedures. Renal pseudoaneurysms can also occur after renal inflammation; however, such cases are rare and seldom reported.Case presentationA 53‐year‐old man presented to our emergency room with a 3‐day history of fever and right back pain. A blood sample revealed severe inflammation and computed tomography showed an 8 mm diameter stone in the right middle ureter and hydronephrosis. The patient was diagnosed with calculous pyelonephritis and underwent emergency ureteral stenting and antibiotic therapy. On day 8 of hospitalization, hematuria and right back pain developed, and on day 9 bladder tamponade and anemia developed. Contrast‐enhanced computed tomography revealed a ruptured pseudoaneurysm, and the patient underwent successful angioembolization. The patient was discharged on day 23.ConclusionWe report a case of a renal pseudoaneurysm possibly caused by calculous pyelonephritis.
Deep hybrid model for Mpox disease diagnosis from skin lesion images
Authors: Khan Saif Ur Rehman , Asif Sohaib , Bilal Omair , Ali Sajid 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis research presents DNLR‐NET, a novel model designed for automated and accurate diagnosis of MPox disease. The model's performance is constructed and validated using a carefully collected MPox dataset from online repositories. DNLR‐NET begins by extracting deep features from the DenseNet201 pre‐trained model, which exhibited superior performance compared to other models during the comparison. The deep features obtained from each dense layer are then used to train six classifiers, among which logistic regression showcases the best performance with the extracted deep, dense feature. A comparative study with earlier advanced CNN models classifying the same dataset demonstrates that DNLR‐NET achieves an impressive accuracy of 97.55%, outperforming the base DenseNet201 model, which only attains 95.91% accuracy. This accuracy emphasizes the efficacy of combining deep features with logistic regression. A Grid Search algorithm is employed for optimal hyperparameter extraction, creating multiple unified deep feature sets and achieving the highest classification accuracy. The fusion of deep features with logistic regression yields superior results compared to ensemble techniques such as random forest and support vector machines and also reduces training time complexity. DNLR‐NET surpasses existing models, ML classifiers, and pre‐trained models, demonstrating its effectiveness and potential for clinical implementation in diagnosing MPox. The promising outcomes of advantage deep learning algorithms, particularly DenseNet201 transfer learning, highlight the significance of adopting transfer learning methodologies for CNN‐based MPox diagnosis in clinical settings. Researchers and clinicians are strongly encouraged to explore and implement these techniques to improve the accuracy and efficiency of MPox diagnosis.