bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding the inclusion and participation of adults from Black African Diaspora Communities (BAFDC) in health and care research in the UK: a realist review protocol
Authors: Hoverd Eleanor , Effiom Violet , Gravesande Dionne , Hollowood Lorna , Kelly Tony , Mukuka Esther , Owatemi Taiwo , Sargeant Ify , Ward Shane , Spencer Rachel , Edge Dawn , Dale Jeremy , Staniszewska Sophie 
Published: March 2024

IntroductionPeople from Black African Diaspora Communities (BAFDC) experience poorer health outcomes, have many long-term conditions and are persistently under-represented in health and care research. There is limited focus on programmes, or interventions that support inclusion and participation of people from BAFDC in research. Through coproduction, this realist review seeks to provide a programme theory explaining what context and mechanisms may be required, to produce outcomes that facilitate inclusion and participation for people from BAFDC in health and care research, in the UK.Methods and analysisA group of people from BAFDC with lived and professional experience, representing all levels of the health and care research system, will coproduce a realist review with a team of African-Caribbean, white British and white British of Polish origin health and care researchers. They will follow Pawson’s five steps: (1) shaping the scope of the review; (2) searching for evidence; (3) document selection and appraisal; (4) data extraction and (5) data synthesis. The coproduction group will help to map the current landscape, identifying key issues that may inhibit or facilitate inclusion. Data will be extracted, analysed and synthesised following realist logic analysis, identifying and explaining how context and mechanisms are conceptualised in the literature and the types of contextual factors that exist and impact on inclusion and participation. Findings will be reported in accordance with Realist and Meta-narrative Evidence Synthesis Evolving Standards .Ethics and disseminationThe coproduction group will agree an ethical approach considering accountability, responsibility and power dynamics, by establishing a terms of reference, taking a reflexive approach and coproducing an ethical framework. Findings will be disseminated to BAFDC and the research community through arts-based methods, peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations, agreeing a coproduced strategy for dissemination. Ethical review is not required.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42024517124.
Decision to self-isolate during the COVID-19 pandemic in the UK: a rapid scoping review
Authors: Keene Claire Marriott , Dickinson Sophie , Naidoo Reshania , Andersen-Waine Billie , Ferguson-Lewis Angus , Polner Anastasia , Amswych Ma’ayan , White Lisa , Molyneux Sassy , Wanat Marta 
Published: March 2024

ObjectiveTesting for COVID-19 was a key component of the UK’s response to the COVID-19 pandemic. This strategy relied on positive individuals self-isolating to reduce transmission, making isolation the lynchpin in the public health approach. Therefore, we scoped evidence to systematically identify and categorise barriers and facilitators to compliance with self-isolation guidance during the COVID-19 pandemic in the UK, to inform public health strategies in future pandemics.DesignA rapid scoping review was conducted.Search strategyKey terms were used to search literature databases (PubMed, Scopus and the WHO COVID-19 Research Database, on 7 November 2022), Google Scholar and stakeholder-identified manuscripts, ultimately including evidence published in English from UK-based studies conducted between 2020 and 2022.Data extraction and synthesisData were extracted and synthesised into themes, organised broadly into capability, opportunity and motivation, and reviewed with key stakeholders from the UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA).ResultsWe included 105 sources, with 63 identified from UKHSA and used to inform their decision-making during the pandemic. Influences on the decision to comply with isolation guidance were categorised into six themes: perceived ability to isolate; information and guidance; logistics; social influences, including trust; perceived value; and perceived consequences. Individuals continuously assessed these factors in deciding whether or not to comply with guidance and self-isolate.ConclusionsDecisions to self-isolate after a positive test were influenced by multiple factors, including individuals’ beliefs, concerns, priorities and personal circumstances. Future testing strategies must facilitate meaningful financial, practical and mental health support to allow individuals to overcome the perceived and actual negative consequences of isolating. Clear, consistent communication of the purpose and procedures of isolating will also be critical to support compliance with self-isolation guidance, and should leverage people’s perceived value in protecting others. Building public trust is also essential, but requires investment before the next pandemic starts.
Systematic review of clinical manifestations, management and outcome following accidental ingestion of liquid mosquito repellent vaporiser in children
Authors: Naeem Babar , Saleem Junaid , Haider Naqvi Agha Syed Ali , Kausar Sidra , Arshad Aqdas , Kumar Kantash , Khalid Aashar , Kumar Parkash 
Published: March 2024

BackgroundPyrethroid-based mosquito repellents are widely used to control mosquito-borne diseases. Liquid mosquito-repellent vaporisers are effective modes of pyrethroid delivery but can also pose significant health risks if ingested or used improperly.ObjectiveThis systematic review was performed to assess the demographic distribution, clinical presentation, management strategies and outcomes in children resulting from accidental ingestion of liquid mosquito repellent vaporiser.MethodsThe study adheres to the reporting standards outlined in the PRISMA Statement for Systematic Reviews and was prospectively registered with PROSPERO (record # CRD42023413937) to enhance transparency and minimise reporting bias. A comprehensive search was conducted on PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar using specific MeSH terms related to insecticides, mosquito repellents, pyrethroids, ingestion, poisoning, toxicity and prevention. The reference lists of the included studies were also reviewed for additional relevant articles. The inclusion criteria involved studies published in peer-reviewed journals between 2000 and 2023 that focused on children under 18 years old with a history of mosquito-repellent ingestion based on primary data.ResultsTwelve studies met the inclusion criteria; these were primarily case reports from India, China and the UAE. Male children were predominantly affected, and symptoms included vomiting, convulsions, cough and respiratory distress. Management primarily involved supportive and symptomatic measures, including atropine for salivation and antiepileptic drugs for seizures. Respiratory support was provided for respiratory complications.ConclusionDespite the known risks and diverse presentations of pyrethroid poisoning caused by liquid mosquito repellent vaporiser in children, the limited substantial evidence in the literature underscores the urgent need for comprehensive research to refine management approaches and enhance preventive measures.
Morphology combined withHER2D-DISH ploidy analysis to diagnose partial hydatidiform mole: an evaluation audit using molecular genotyping
Authors: Joyce Caroline M , Maher Geoffrey J , Dineen Susan , Suraweera Nirosha , McCarthy Tommie V , Coulter John , O'Donoghue Keelin , Seckl Michael J , Fitzgerald Brendan 
Published: March 2024

AimsA hydatidiform mole (HM) is classified as complete (CHM) or partial (PHM) based on its morphology and genomic composition. Ancillary techniques are often required to confirm a morphologically suspected PHM diagnosis. This study sought to evaluate the clinical accuracy of PHM diagnosis using morphological assessment supported byHER2dual-colour dual-hapten in situ hybridisation (D-DISH) ploidy determination.MethodsOver a 2-year period, our unit examined 1265 products of conception (POCs) from which 103 atypical POCs were diagnosed as PHM or non-molar conceptuses with the assistance ofHER2D-DISH ploidy analysis. We retrospectively audited a sample of 40 of these atypical POCs using short tandem repeat genotyping. DNA extracted from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue was genotyped using 24 polymorphic loci. Parental alleles in placental villi were identified by comparison to those in maternal decidua. To identify triploid PHM cases, we sought three alleles of equal peak height or two alleles with one allele peak twice the height of the other at each locus.ResultsThirty-six of the 40 cases (19 PHM and 17 non-molar) were successfully genotyped and demonstrated complete concordance with the original diagnosis. All PHMs were diandric triploid of dispermic origin. In two non-molar diploid cases, we identified suspected trisomies (13 and 18), which potentially explains the pregnancy loss in these cases.ConclusionsThis study validates the use ofHER2D-DISH ploidy analysis to support the diagnosis of a morphologically suspected PHM in our practice.
Appraisal of hydatidiform mole incidence and registration rates in Ireland following the establishment of a National Gestational Trophoblastic Disease Registry
Authors: Joyce Caroline M , Wakefield Craig , Chen-Maxwell Daphne , Dineen Susan , Kenneally Caitriona , Downey Paul , Duffy Catherine , O'Donoghue Keelin , Coulter John , Fitzgerald Brendan 
Published: March 2024

AimsThis study aimed to re-evaluate the incidence of hydatidiform mole (HM) and determine gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) registration rates in Ireland following the establishment of the National GTD Registry in 2017.MethodsWe performed a 3-year retrospective audit of HM cases (January 2017 to December 2019) reported in our centre. In 2019, we surveyed Irish pathology laboratories to determine the number of HMs diagnosed nationally and compared this data to that recorded in the National GTD Registry. Additionally, we compared both local and national HM incidence rates to those reported internationally.ResultsIn the 3-year local audit, we identified 87 HMs among 1856 products of conception (POCs) providing a local HM incidence rate of 3.92 per 1000 births. The 1-year pathology survey recorded 170 HMs in 6008 POCs, yielding a national incidence rate of 2.86 per 1000 births. Importantly, the local HM incidence rate exceeded the national incidence rate by 37% and the local partial HM incidence (1 in 296 births) was 64% higher than the nationally incidence rate (1 in 484 births). Notably, 42% of the HM and atypical POCs diagnosed nationally were not reported to the National GTD Registry.ConclusionsOur study reveals increased HM incidence rates both locally and nationally compared with previous Irish studies. The higher local PHM incidence may reflect more limited access to ploidy analysis in other pathology laboratories nationally. Significantly, almost half of the women with diagnosed or suspected HM were not registered with the National GTD Centre.
Symmetry-based study and dynamics of casual bulk viscous matter-dominated universe
Authors: Nandi Tanmay , Choudhuri Amitava 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe dynamics of cosmological expansion is studied for a spatially flat matter-dominated universe filled with barotropic casual bulk viscous fluid. The evolution equation for the Hubble parameter is derived using Friedmann equations and conservation law for the viscous fluid, in which the viscous pressure is modeled by truncated version of the full Israel-Stewart theory of bulk viscosity. We use a Lie symmetry-based approach to study the evolution of the expansion rate of the Universe. The model equation possesses eight-parameter Lie symmetry generators and gives two different analytic group invariant solutions for the Hubble parameter. Expressions for various important cosmological parameters are obtained and values are estimated analytically for the explanation of the evolution dynamics of the Universe. The interesting features of the obtained symmetry-based solutions are that, one satisfies the present acceleration of the Universe, while the other could not support present accelerating phase, rather represents a universe dominated by non-viscous stiff fluid. We make useful checks on the observational constraints on the model parameters from the latest released observational data. The accelerating phase of the current universe is investigated using observational bounds and compared the model under investigation with the $$\Lambda $$
Λ
CDM model. The evolutionary cosmic phases obtained from the analysis of the Lie symmetry-based solutions correspond to the association with the critical points in the equivalent phase space. These interesting features are investigated and analyzed using dynamical systems approach.
On the positivity of $$\overline{\textrm{MS}}$$ parton distributions
Authors: Candido Alessandro , Forte Stefano , Giani Tommaso , Hekhorn Felix 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWe revisit our argument that shows that parton distribution functions (PDFs) in the $$\overline{\textrm{MS}}$$

MS
¯

scheme are non-negative in the perturbative region, with the dual goals of clarifying its theoretical underpinnings and elucidating its domain of validity. We specifically discuss recent results proving that PDFs can turn negative at sufficiently low scale, we clarify quantitatively various aspects of our derivation of positivity in the perturbative region, and we provide an estimate for the scale above which PDF positivity holds.
$$(g-2)_{e,\mu }$$ anomalies and decays $$h\rightarrow e_a e_b$$, $$Z\rightarrow e_ae_b$$, and $$e_b\rightarrow e_a \gamma $$ in a two Higgs doublet model with inverse seesaw neutrinos
Authors: Hong T. T. , Tran Q. Duyet , Nguyen T. Phong , Hue L. T. , Nha N. H. T. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe lepton flavor violating decays$$h\rightarrow e_b^\pm e_a^\mp $$h→eb±ea∓,$$Z\rightarrow e_b^\pm e_a^\mp $$Z→eb±ea∓, and$$e_b\rightarrow e_a \gamma $$eb→eaγwill be discussed in the framework of the Two Higgs doublet model with presence of new inverse seesaw neutrinos and a singly charged Higgs boson that accommodate both$$1\sigma $$1σexperimental data of$$(g-2)$$(g-2)anomalies of the muon and electron. Numerical results indicate that there exist regions of the parameter space supporting all experimental data of$$(g-2)_{e,\mu }$$(g-2)e,μas well as the promising LFV signals corresponding to the future experimental sensitivities.
Insights into dynamical evolution and stability of thin-shell configurations through acoustic black holes
Authors: Javed Faisal , Waseem Arfa , Lin Ji , Sadiq Sobia , Mustafa G. , Alshehri Mansoor H. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe main goal of this work is to use the cut and paste method to match the inner flat and outer acoustic Schwarzschild black holes to examine the geometry of a thin-shell. Moreover, the study uses the Klein–Gordon equation and the equation of motion to examine the dynamical evolution of a thin-shell composed of massive as well as massless scalar field. The results of the study show that the collapsing behavior is exhibited by the potential function of a massless scalar shell while the effective potential of a massive scalar shell first collapses and then progressively increases. Additionally, the researchers have analyzed the stable configuration for the phantom-type equation of state encompassing dark energy, quintessence and phantom energy by applying the linearized radial perturbations. As a result, the research suggests that thin-shell Schwarzschild black holes are less stable than acoustic Schwarzschild black holes.
Thermal leptogenesis in nonextensive cosmology
Authors: Dehpour Mehran 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThermal leptogenesis is a mechanism that explains the observed asymmetry between matter and antimatter in the early universe. In this study, we review the impact of nonextensive Tsallis statistical mechanics on the early universe and study its effect on thermal leptogenesis. The study has found that the use of nonextensive statistical mechanics can affect the production of baryon asymmetry in thermal leptogenesis by modifying the equilibrium abundance of particles, decay, and washout parameters. Also, we show that nonextensive statistical mechanics potentially reduce the required right-handed neutrino mass scale.
Worldline path integral for the massive graviton
Authors: Fecit Filippo 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWe compute the counterterms necessary for the renormalization of the one-loop effective action of massive gravity from a worldline perspective. This is achieved by employing the recently proposed massive$$\mathcal {N}=4$$N=4spinning particle model to describe the propagation of the massive graviton on those backgrounds that solve the Einstein equations without cosmological constant, namely on Ricci-flat manifolds, in four dimensions. The model is extended to be consistent inDspacetime dimensions by relaxing the gauging of the full SO(4) R-symmetry group to a parabolic subgroup, together with the inclusion of a suitable Chern–Simons term. Then, constructing the worldline path integral on the one-dimensional torus allows for the correct calculation of the one-loop divergencies in arbitraryDdimensions. Our primary contribution is the determination of the Seleey–DeWitt coefficients up to the fourth coefficient$$a_3(D)$$a3(D), which to our knowledge has never been reported in the literature. Its calculation is generally laborious on the quantum field theory side, as a general formula for these coefficients is not available for operators that are non-minimal in the heat kernel sense. This work illustrates the computational efficiency of worldline methods in this regard. Heat kernel coefficients characterize linearized massive gravity in a gauge-independent manner due to the on-shell condition of the background on which the graviton propagates. They could serve as a benchmark for verifying alternative approaches to massive gravity, and, for this reason, their precise expression should be known explicitly.
Dissecting Dissent in Russia
Authors: Born Willemijn , Weerdesteijn Maartje , van Wijk Joris 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Numerous studies into nonviolent resistance have led to a broad but scattered understanding of why some of these movements erupt and succeed, while others do not. This article offers a multilevel framework of analysis to explain trajectories of nonviolent resistance in repressive regimes and illustrates this framework by analysing the potential of Russian domestic nonviolent resistance to the full-scale invasion of Ukraine. The proposed framework incorporates seven overarching factors identified in previous studies, namely the political and economic system, the international relations, the level of modernization, the distribution of power within society, and the grievances, resources and organizational capacity of the resistance group. Based on this framework, it is tentatively concluded that Russia’s political and economic system, the limited power dispersion and the lack of organization among the opposition help to explain why no successful resistance has emerged. Additional case studies are required to further assess the framework’s utility.
Information about Tummy Time in infants available on the Internet
Authors: Locke Haleigh , Thomas Alexis , Stotz Nicole L , Metz Alexia E 
Published: March 2024

Objective: This study evaluated Tummy Time recommendations in patient education materials and informal sources found on the Internet. Methods: Patient education materials, available from health professionals online, and informal sources, found outside of healthcare, were evaluated for consistency with evidence-informed recommendations. Patient education materials were also evaluated for readability and visual presentation. Results: Twelve sets of patient education materials were included in the top 20 search results. Only one of them addressed all the evidence-informed recommendations accurately. Fifty informal sources were included in analysis, ranging from search rank #1 to #57. Nearly half of the informal sources were judged fully consistent with evidence-informed recommendations. Counter to best practice recommendations, two-thirds of the patient education materials were written above the reading level expected of a student with no more than an elementary school education. All used strategies to enhance clarity, although none met all standards for visual presentation. Conclusion: Although some good resources are available, healthcare providers should exercise caution when selecting or recommending patient education materials online, even when they are available from healthcare professionals. Parents turning to the Internet will find accurate information. However, to develop a comprehensive understanding, they may need to visit multiple sites. Practice Implications: Healthcare professionals are responsible for providing or directing their clients to reliable, comprehensive sources of information, and for being aware of the quality of information they may discover through their own searches. Healthcare websites are responsible for communicating clearly and comprehensively with their clients and the public. Some parent education materials require revision for readability, formatting and consistency with Tummy Time recommendations.
Why now? Late-life divorce timing process: Dyadic and individual perspectives
Authors: Cohen Yafit , Demeter Naor , Koren Chaya 
Published: March 2024

Late-life divorce is increasing in the Western world, including among family-oriented societies like Israel in which the most common family status for older adults (age 60 years and older) is being in a heterosexual long-term marriage with adult children. Within a life-course framework, we use both dyadic and individual interview analysis to explore the process that led to the timing of late-life divorce. Understanding this process from dyadic and individual perspectives could strengthen knowledge regarding this expanding phenomenon in family-oriented societies and could contribute to developing targeted interventions and policies for such couples. Semi-structured interviews were conducted separately with 44 heterosexual ex-spouses comprised of 10 dyads ( n = 20) and 24 individuals ( n = 13 women; n = 11 men). The divorces were mostly after age 60 and followed a long-term marriage with children. Two themes emerged from the analysis: the long-term phase of divorce delay despite longstanding motivations, and the moment of final decision with its various background accelerators. The discussion addresses intersections between personal time, family time, and social/cultural time related to divorce, and between intrapersonal and interpersonal aspects. Implications for family gerontology are presented.