bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do parents who smoke underutilize health care services for their children? A cross sectional study within the longitudinal PIAMA study
Authors: Jacobs-van der Bruggen Monique AM , Wijga Alet H , Brunekreef Bert , de Jongste Johan C , Baan Caroline A , Kerkhof Marjan , Smit Henriette A 
Published: June 2007

AbstractBackgroundA higher prevalence of respiratory symptoms and an associated increase in health care utilization among children with parents who smoke is to be expected. From previous studies however, it appears that parents who smoke may underutilize health services for their children, especially with respect to respiratory care. This study explores the validity and generalizability of the previous assumption.MethodsData were obtained from a Dutch birth-cohort study; the Prevention and Incidence of Asthma and Mite Allergy (PIAMA) project. Information regarding parental smoking, the child's respiratory symptoms and health care use and potential confounders were obtained by postal questionnaires. Multivariate logistic models were used to relate parental smoking to the child's respiratory symptoms and health care use.ResultsThe study comprised 3,564, 4-year old children. In the crude analysis, respiratory symptoms were more frequent among children with a parent who smoked, while health care utilization for respiratory symptoms was not significantly different between children with or without a parent who smoked. In the multivariate analyses, maternal smoking had a larger impact on the child's respiratory symptoms and health care use as compared to paternal smoking. Maternal smoking was positively associated with mild respiratory symptoms of the child, adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 1.50 (1.19–1.91), but not with severe respiratory symptoms AOR 1.03 (0.75–1.40). Among children with mild respiratory symptoms, children with a mother who smoked were less likely to be taken to the general practitioner (GP) for respiratory symptoms, than children with mothers who did not smoke, AOR 0.58 (0.33–1.01). This finding was less pronounced among children with severe respiratory symptoms AOR 0.86 (0.49–1.52). Neither GP visits for non-respiratory symptoms nor specialized care for respiratory disease were significantly associated with parental smoking.ConclusionMothers who smoke appear to underutilize health care for their children with mild respiratory symptoms. Health care workers should be informed about this phenomenon. Inquiring after the respiratory health of the children during regular visits to healthy baby clinics may help to track potential underutilization of care.
Priority setting in the provincial health services authority: survey of key decision makers
Authors: Teng Flora , Mitton Craig , MacKenzie Jennifer 
Published: June 2007

Abstract

Background
In recent years, decision makers in Canada and elsewhere have expressed a desire for more explicit, evidence-based approaches to priority setting. To achieve this aim within health care organizations, knowledge of both the organizational context and stakeholder attitudes towards priority setting are required. The current work adds to a limited yet growing body of international literature describing priority setting practices in health organizations.

Methods
A qualitative study was conducted using in-depth, face-to-face interviews with 25 key decision makers of the Provincial Health Services Authority (PHSA) of British Columbia. Major themes and sub-themes were identified through content analysis.

Results
Priorities were described by decision makers as being set in an ad hoc manner, with resources generally allocated along historical lines. Participants identified the Strategic Plan and a strong research base as strengths of the organization. The main areas for improvement were a desire to have a more transparent process for priority setting, a need to develop a culture which supports explicit priority setting, and a focus on fairness in decision making. Barriers to an explicit allocation process included the challenge of providing specialized services for disparate patient groups, and a lack of formal training in priority setting amongst decision makers.

Conclusion
This study identified factors important to understanding organizational context and informed next steps for explicit priority setting for a provincial health authority. While the PHSA is unique in its organizational structure in Canada, lessons about priority setting should be transferable to other contexts.
Differential expression and role of p21cip/waf1 and p27kip1 in TNF-α-induced inhibition of proliferation in human glioma cells
Authors: Kumar Pabbisetty Sudheer , Shiras Anjali , Das Gowry , Jagtap Jayashree C , Prasad Vandna , Shastry Padma 
Published: June 2007

AbstractBackgroundThe role of TNF-α in affecting the fate of tumors is controversial, while some studies have reported apoptotic or necrotic effects of TNF-α, others provide evidence that endogenous TNF-α promotes growth and development of tumors. Understanding the mechanism(s) of TNF-α mediated growth arrest will be important in unraveling the contribution of tissue associated macrophages in tumor resistance. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of Cyclin Dependent Kinase Inhibitors (CDKI) – p21cip/waf1and p27kip1in TNF-α mediated responses in context with p53 and activation of NF-κB and Akt pathways. The study was done with human glioma cell lines -LN-18 and LN-229 cells, using monolayer cultures and Multicellular Spheroids (MCS) asin vitromodels.ResultsTNF-α induced inhibition of proliferation and enhanced the expression of p21cip/waf1and p27kip1in LN-18 cells. p21 was induced on exposure to TNF-α, localized exclusively in the nucleus and functioned as an inhibitor of cell cycle but not as an antiapoptotic protein. In contrast, p27 was constitutively expressed, localized predominantly in the cytoplasm and was not involved in arrest of proliferation. Our data using IκBα mutant LN-18 cells and PI3K/Akt inhibitor-LY294002 revealed that the expression of p21 is regulated by NF-κB. Loss of IκBα function in LN-229 cells (p53 positive) did not influence TNF-α induced accumulation of pp53 (Ser-20 p53) suggesting that p53 was not down stream of NF-κB. Spheroidogenesis enhanced p27 expression and p21 induced by TNF-α was significantly increased in the MCS compared to monolayers.ConclusionThis study demarcates the functional roles for CDKIs-p21cip/waf1and p27kip1during TNF-α stimulated responses in LN-18 glioma cells. Our findings provide evidence that TNF-α-induced p21 might be regulated by NF-κB or p53 independently. p21 functions as an inhibitor of cell proliferation and does not have a direct role in rendering the cells resistant to TNF-α mediated cytotoxicity.
Differential in vitro inhibitory activity against HIV-1 of alpha-(1-3)- and alpha-(1-6)-D-mannose specific plant lectins : Implication for microbicide development
Authors: Saïdi Hela , Nasreddine Nadine , Jenabian Mohammad-Ali , Lecerf Maxime , Schols Dominique , Krief Corinne , Balzarini Jan , Bélec Laurent 
Published: June 2007

Abstract

Background
Plant lectins such as Galanthus nivalis agglutinin (GNA) and Hippeastrum hybrid agglutinin (HHA) are natural proteins able to link mannose residues, and therefore inhibit HIV-target cell interactions. Plant lectins are candidate for microbicide development.

Objective
To evaluate the activity against HIV of the mannose-specific plant lectins HHA and GNA at the cellular membrane level of epithelial cells and monocyte-derived dendritic cells (MDDC), two potential target cells of HIV at the genital mucosal level.

Methods
The inhibitory effects of HHA and GNA were evaluated on HIV adsorption to genital epithelial HEC-1A cell line, on HIV transcytosis throughout a monolayer of polarized epithelial HEC-1A cells, on HIV adsorption to MDDC and on transfer of HIV from MDDC to autologous T lymphocytes.

Results
HHA faintly inhibited attachment to HEC-1A cells of the R5-tropic HIV-1Ba-L strain, in a dose-dependent manner, whereas GNA moderately inhibited HIV adsorption in the same context, but only at high drug doses. Only HHA, but not GNA, inhibited HIV-1JR-CSF transcytosis in a dose-dependent manner. By confocal microscopy, HHA, but not GNA, was adsorbed at the epithelial cell surface, suggesting that HHA interacts specifically with receptors mediating HIV-1 transcytosis. Both plant lectins partially inhibited HIV attachment to MDDC. HHA inhibited more efficiently the transfer of HIV from MDDC to T cell, than GNA. Both HHA and GNA lacked toxicity below 200 μg/ml irrespective the cellular system used and do not disturb the monolayer integrity of epithelial cells.

Conclusion
These observations demonstrate higher inhibitory activities of the lectin plant HHA by comparison to GNA, on HIV adsorption to HEC-1A cell line, HIV transcytosis through HEC-1A cell line monolayer, HIV adsorption to MDDC and HIV transfer from MDDC to T cells, highlighting the potential interest of HHA as effective microbicide against HIV.
Large-scale identification of human genes implicated in epidermal barrier function
Authors: Toulza Eve , Mattiuzzo Nicolas R , Galliano Marie-Florence , Jonca Nathalie , Dossat Carole , Jacob Daniel , de Daruvar Antoine , Wincker Patrick , Serre Guy , Guerrin Marina 
Published: June 2007

Abstract
Background
During epidermal differentiation, keratinocytes progressing through the suprabasal layers undergo complex and tightly regulated biochemical modifications leading to cornification and desquamation. The last living cells, the granular keratinocytes (GKs), produce almost all of the proteins and lipids required for the protective barrier function before their programmed cell death gives rise to corneocytes. We present here the first analysis of the transcriptome of human GKs, purified from healthy epidermis by an original approach.

Results
Using the ORESTES method, 22,585 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) were produced that matched 3,387 genes. Despite normalization provided by this method (mean 4.6 ORESTES per gene), some highly transcribed genes, including that encoding dermokine, were overrepresented. About 330 expressed genes displayed less than 100 ESTs in UniGene clusters and are most likely to be specific for GKs and potentially involved in barrier function. This hypothesis was tested by comparing the relative expression of 73 genes in the basal and granular layers of epidermis by quantitative RT-PCR. Among these, 33 were identified as new, highly specific markers of GKs, including those encoding a protease, protease inhibitors and proteins involved in lipid metabolism and transport. We identified filaggrin 2 (also called ifapsoriasin), a poorly characterized member of the epidermal differentiation complex, as well as three new lipase genes clustered with paralogous genes on chromosome 10q23.31. A new gene of unknown function, C1orf81, is specifically disrupted in the human genome by a frameshift mutation.

Conclusion
These data increase the present knowledge of genes responsible for the formation of the skin barrier and suggest new candidates for genodermatoses of unknown origin.
Quantitative Gene Expression Deregulation in Mantle-Cell Lymphoma: Correlation With Clinical and Biologic Factors
Authors: Kienle Dirk , Katzenberger Tiemo , Ott German , Saupe Doreen , Benner Axel , Kohlhammer Holger , Barth Thomas F.E. , Höller Sylvia , Kalla Jörg , Rosenwald Andreas , Müller-Hermelink Hans Konrad , Möller Peter , Lichter Peter , Döhner Hartmut , Stilgenbauer Stephan 
Published: June 2007

Purpose There is evidence for a direct role of quantitative gene expression deregulation in mantle-cell lymphoma (MCL) pathogenesis. Our aim was to investigate gene expression associations with other pathogenic factors and the significance of gene expression in a multivariate survival analysis. Patients and Methods Quantitative expression of 20 genes of potential relevance for MCL prognosis and pathogenesis were analyzed using real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and correlated with clinical and genetic factors, tumor morphology, and Ki-67 index in 65 MCL samples. Results Genomic losses at the loci of TP53, RB1, and P16 were associated with reduced transcript levels of the respective genes, indicating a gene-dosage effect as the pathomechanism. Analysis of gene expression correlations between the candidate genes revealed a separation into two clusters, one dominated by proliferation activators, another by proliferation inhibitors and regulators of apoptosis. Whereas only weak associations were identified between gene expression and clinical parameters or blastoid morphology, several genes were correlated closely with the Ki-67 index, including the short CCND1 variant (positive correlation) and RB1, ATM, P27, and BMI (negative correlation). In multivariate survival analysis, expression levels of MYC, MDM2, EZH2, and CCND1 were the strongest prognostic factors independently of tumor proliferation and clinical factors. Conclusion These results indicate a pathogenic contribution of several gene transcript levels to the biology and clinical course of MCL. Genes can be differentiated into factors contributing to proliferation deregulation, either by enhancement or loss of inhibition, and proliferation-independent factors potentially contributing to MCL pathogenesis by apoptosis impairment.
Cigarette Smoking and Irinotecan Treatment: Pharmacokinetic Interaction and Effects on Neutropenia
Authors: van der Bol Jessica M. , Mathijssen Ron H.J. , Loos Walter J. , Friberg Lena E. , van Schaik Ron H.N. , de Jonge Maja J.A. , Planting André S.Th. , Verweij Jaap , Sparreboom Alex , de Jong Floris A. 
Published: June 2007

PurposeSeveral constituents of cigarette smoke are known to interact with drug metabolizing enzymes and potentially affect treatment outcome with substrate drugs. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of cigarette smoking on the pharmacokinetics and adverse effects of irinotecan.Patients and MethodsA total of 190 patients (49 smokers, 141 nonsmokers) treated with irinotecan (90-minute intravenous administration on a 3-week schedule) were evaluated for pharmacokinetics. Complete toxicity data were available in a subset of 134 patients receiving 350 mg/m2or 600 mg flat-fixed dose irinotecan.ResultsIn smokers, the dose-normalized area under the plasma concentration-time curve of irinotecan was significantly lower (median, 28.7 v 33.9 ng · h/mL/mg; P = .001) compared with nonsmokers. In addition, smokers showed an almost 40% lower exposure to SN-38 (median, 0.54 v 0.87 ng · h/mL/mg; P < .001) and a higher relative extent of glucuronidation of SN-38 into SN-38G (median, 6.6 v 4.5; P = .006). Smokers experienced considerably less hematologic toxicity. In particular, the incidence of grade 3 to 4 neutropenia was 6% in smokers versus 38% in nonsmokers (odds ratio [OR], 0.10; 95% CI, 0.02 to 0.43; P < .001). There was no significant difference in incidence of delayed-onset diarrhea (6% v 15%; OR, 0.34; 95% CI, 0.07 to 1.57; P = .149).ConclusionThis study indicates that smoking significantly lowers both the exposure to irinotecan and treatment-induced neutropenia, indicating a potential risk of treatment failure. Although the underlying mechanism is not entirely clear, modulation of CYP3A and uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase isoform 1A1 may be part of the explanation. The data suggest that additional investigation is warranted to determine whether smokers are at increased risk for treatment failure.
Participation of Geminal Bonds in Organic Reactions
Authors: Naruse Yuji , Inagaki Satoshi 
Published: June 2007

Abstract
The σ-bonds geminal to the π-reacting center have been proposed to participate in the organic reactions via the cyclic transition states and to control the reactivity and the selectivity. An electron-donating geminal σ bond at the Z position enhances the reactivity of the olefins. An electron-donating σ bond prefers the Z position of the π bond in the products of the reverse reactions. The effects of the geminal bond participation come from the orbital phase properties of the cyclic interactions including the geminal σ bonds.
Structural Implication of Oxoammonium Cations for Reversible Organic One-electron Redox Reaction to Nitroxide Radicals
Authors: Yonekuta Yasunori , Oyaizu Kenichi , Nishide Hiroyuki 
Published: June 2007

Abstract
Structures and electrochemical behaviors of nitroxide radicals reveal that their rapid and reversible redox reactions are based not only on their chemical stability but also on the increased sp2 character of nitrogens which is intermediate between the purely sp2 and sp3 nitrogens in oxoammonium cations and amines, respectively.
Decomposition of Toluene by Liquid-phase Atmospheric-pressure Microwave Plasma Generated Using Carbon Felt Pieces Impregnated with NaCl
Authors: Kurihara Hideki , Yajima Tatuhiko 
Published: June 2007

Abstract
Atmospheric-pressure microwave plasma (APMP) was generated in the liquid phase (LPAPMP) using carbon felt pieces impregnated with NaCl. The decomposition reaction of liquid toluene was examined as an application of LPAPMP. The reaction was divided into three periods: in the first period, faint spark discharges were observed in liquid toluene (LPSD) and toluene began to boil; in the second period, LPAPMP was generated and toluene was decomposed rapidly; in the final period, APMP was generated, but toluene had already been evaporated off.
Rhenium-catalyzed Amidation of Heteroaromatic Compounds via C–H Bond Activation
Authors: Kuninobu Yoichiro , Tokunaga Yukimi , Takai Kazuhiko 
Published: June 2007

Abstract
Regioselective insertion of isocyanates into a C–H bond of heteroaromatic compounds took place using a rhenium catalyst, [ReBr(CO)3(thf)]2.
Controlling Infiltration Pressure of a Nanoporous Silica Gel via Surface Treatment
Authors: Han Aijie , Qiao Yu 
Published: June 2007

Abstract
Energy absorption behaviors of a surface-treated nanoporous silica gel are investigated through a pressure-induced infiltration experiment. The results show that the infiltration pressure is dominated by the surface coverage, and thus by controlling the surface treatment time the system performance can be adjusted quite conveniently.
Alkaline peroxide treatment of ECF bleached softwood kraft pulps. Part 1. Characterizing the effect of alkaline peroxide treatment on carboxyl groups of fibers
Authors: Dang Zheng , Elder Thomas , Ragauskas Arthur J. 
Published: June 2007

Abstract
The influence of alkaline peroxide treatment has been characterized on elementally chlorine-free (ECF) bleached softwood (SW) kraft pulp. The results indicate that fiber charge increased with an increase in peroxide charge: a maximum fiber charge increment of 16.6% was obtained with 8.0% more peroxide charge on oven-dried (o.d.) pulp at 60.0°C. Two primary bleaching temperatures of 60.0°C and 90.0°C were investigated during peroxide treatment. Copper number decreased for peroxide charges of 0.5% and 1.0% at 60.0°C and 90.0°C, respectively, then increased with increasing peroxide charge. Both fiber charge and copper number approached constant values when 4.0% or higher peroxide charge was applied. Peroxide treatment on a bleached kraft pulp at 90.0°C resulted in lower fiber charge and lower intrinsic viscosity compared to treatment at 60.0°C. Sodium borohydride (NaBH4) pretreatment was able to protect the fibers from being degraded during peroxide bleaching. Fiber charge and copper number were compared after peroxide treatment of ECF bleached kraft pulp to NaBH4-reduced ECF bleached kraft pulp. The results indicate that the carbonyl group content of fibers is favorable for improving fiber charge after peroxide treatment.
Alkaline peroxide treatment of ECF bleached softwood kraft pulps: Part 2. Effect of increased fiber charge on refining, wet-end application, and hornification
Authors: Dang Zheng , Elder Thomas , Hsieh Jeffery S. , Ragauskas Arthur J. 
Published: June 2007

Abstract
The effect of increased fiber charge on refining, cationic starch adsorption, and hornification was examined. Two pulps were investigated: (1) a softwood (SW) kraft pulp (KP) which was bleached elementally chlorine-free (ECF) and served as control; and (2) a control pulp treated with alkaline peroxide, which had a higher fiber charge. It was shown that increased fiber charge can improve the efficiency of the refining treatment, as indicated by differences in tensile index refined from 0 to 1000 revolutions. When the control pulp was refined from 4000 to 8000 revolutions, the tensile index decreased. In contrast, the tensile index of the higher fiber charge pulp (HCP) was higher under the same refining conditions. Upon addition of 2% cationic starch to both pulps, the tensile index of the control pulp increased by 13.7% and that of HCP by 23.7%. Atomic force microscopy did not reveal differences in the surface morphology of the two pulps with and without cationic starch adsorption. Peroxide treatment enhanced the fiber charge of the never-dried pulp. This was beneficial in reducing hornification when pulp was dried at 105°C. However, if the once dried pulp at 105°C was treated with peroxide, this resulted in a drastic decrease in intrinsic viscosity of the pulp and lower tensile and burst indices of the test sheets.
Energieholzproduktion in Mittel- und Nieder-wäldern der Schweiz | Energy Wood Production in Coppice With Standards and Coppice Forests in Switzerland
Authors: Bally Bettina 
Published: June 2007

Coppice with standards and coppice forests are the result of silvicultural systems widely applied until the mid-twentieth century, mainly for fuel production. Similar to energy plantations in Scandinavia and Germany the above-mentioned systems are characterised by a short rotation.
The present paper tries to show that, owing to efficient logging methods, energy wood can be produced from coppice and coppice with standards forests so cheaply that it proves to be highly competitive compared to oil. The economic value of coppice and coppice with standards was calculated on the basis of models and compared to high forest cultivation. Contrary to high forests, the coppice with standards system is cost-covering on poor, well developed and easily accessible sites.
Informationstechnologie und Human Capital – Forst - und Holzwirtschaft vor dem nächsten Jahrtausend | Information Technology and Human Capital – Forestry and Wood-Processing Industry in Transition to the Next Millennium
Authors: Hecker Markus , Ressmann Johannes 
Published: June 2007

The newly grown international softwood timber markets require significant changes in the current wood supply chain from forest to woodworking industry. In future, the production of treelength or schematically cut logs, still most common in Central Europe and especially in Germany, has to be replaced by a more customized bucking. Moreover, traditional trading customs should be adapted to the related changes in the wood supply chain.
Information technologies such as wireless communication, GIS/GPS applications or even the Internet can support and rationalize the production of roundwood e.g. in the fields of stand preparation, harvesting operation and logistics. They may further a common sense between forestry and woodworking industry.
Nevertheless, the human capital is of outstanding importance for a successful implementation of modern harvesting systems. As the wood supply chain develops further, the working conditions also change and become challenging for all employees.
However, the experience gathered so far would be sufficient to implement crucial changes within the presented wood supply chain immediately.