bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reevaluation of the resting time period when preparing whole blood–derived platelet concentrates with the platelet‐rich plasma method
Authors: Moroff Gary , Kline Linda , Dabay Michelle , Hunter Suzanne , Johnson Adrienne , McNeil Deanna , Nixon Jan , Sawyer Sherrie , Taylor Harry , Whitley Pam , Wahab Fawzi , Murphy Scott 
Published: February 2006

BACKGROUND:  The resting of platelet (PLT) pellets during the preparation of whole blood–derived PLT concentrates (PCs) is considered an essential step. A reevaluation of the rest period was conducted because preparation and storage conditions have been modified during the past 20 years.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS:  A two‐site in vitro study (Study 1) was conducted with rest times of 0 to 5 minutes, 1 hour, and 4 hours (n = 31‐33 per rest period). Leukoreduced PCs were stored for 5 days. A second study (Study 2) measuring in vivo viability was conducted at a third site (14 paired studies). PCs were prepared from 2 units of whole blood on the same day to simultaneously compare viability following storage and radioisotopic labeling.RESULTS:  In Study 1, comparable in vitro parameters and swirling were observed with the three rest periods. The mean (±1 SD) values after storage for the extent of shape change and hypotonic stress parameters were 0 to 5 minutes, 16.7 ± 7.2 and 66.0 ± 15.7%; 1 hour, 19.1 ± 6.9 and 69.3 ± 17.9%; and 4 hours, 17.6 ± 5.5 and 64.1 ± 11.3%. In Study 2, the in vivo recovery was 49.9 ± 15.3 and 50.9 ± 20.2% with 0‐ to 5‐minute and 1‐hour rest periods, respectively. The corresponding survival time was 111.2 ± 50.7 and 114.9 ± 43.8 hours.CONCLUSION:  These studies indicate comparable in vitro and in vivo viability properties with 0‐ to 5‐minute and 1‐hour rest periods and at 4 hours (in vitro only).
Convenience, the bane of our existence, and other barriers to donating
Authors: Schreiber George B. , Schlumpf Karen S. , Glynn Simone A. , Wright David J. , Tu Yongling , King Melissa R. , Higgins Martha J. , Kessler Debra , Gilcher Ronald , Nass Catharie C. , Guiltinan Anne M. ,   National Heart, Lung, Blood Institute Retrovirus Epidemiology Donor Study
Published: February 2006

BACKGROUND:  To prevent donor loss and improve retention, it is important to understand the major deterrents to blood donation and to identify factors that can be effectively addressed by blood centers.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS:  A 30‐item self‐administered questionnaire was completed in 2003 by 1705 first‐time and 2437 repeat US donors who had not donated in 2 to 3 years. Asian, Hispanic, black, and white first‐time and repeat donors rated the importance of deterrents to donation in their decision to not return with a 1 to 5 scale. Categorical analysis of variance methods were used to compare the importance of deterrents between first‐time and repeat donors of different race or ethnicity.RESULTS:  Not having a convenient place to donate was most commonly cited as an important or very important reason for not returning by 32 to 42 percent of first‐time and 26 to 43 percent of repeat respondents. Although bad treatment and poor staff skills were less of a barrier than convenience, they were more important for minority donors. Other factors such as physical side effects, foreign travel, or length of the process appeared less important.CONCLUSION:  Inconvenience is a major barrier to donating, suggesting that mobile collections and increased hours of operation might help recapture lapsed donors. The finding that lapsed minority donors were more likely to give bad treatment and poor staff skills as important reasons to not donate is disconcerting in light of the changing donor demographics and increased efforts to recruit these donors.
Streptococcus agalactiae sepsis after transfusion of a plateletpheresis concentrate: benefit of donor evaluation
Authors: Stevens Wesley T. , Bolan Charles D. , Oblitas Jaime M. , Stroncek David F. , Bennett John E. , Leitman Susan F. 
Published: February 2006

BACKGROUND:  Bacterial contamination of platelet (PLT) components is an important cause of transfusion reactions. Recent efforts have focused on heightened surveillance to detect contamination before transfusion to limit recipient morbidity and mortality. Although identifying the cause of contamination is most often viewed in the context of recipient safety, this case illustrates the importance of a thorough evaluation on donor safety.CASE REPORT:  A 68‐year‐old woman experienced a severe febrile reaction after a plateletpheresis transfusion. Blood cultures from the patient and from the plateletpheresis component were both positive for the presence of Streptococcus agalactiae. No abnormalities were identified on review of collection and processing records. The donor was asymptomatic and had a negative review of systems, a normal physical exam, normal laboratory values, and negative blood and urine cultures. One of three stool samples was positive for the presence of occult blood. Colonoscopy revealed a Dukes Stage B colonic adenocarcinoma. Fifteen months after surgical resection and adjuvant chemotherapy, the donor had no evidence of recurrent tumor.CONCLUSION:  Identification of bacteria in blood components should trigger a comprehensive donor evaluation, particularly if donor bacteremia is suspected. Organisms that may be associated with an enteric source should prompt a thorough gastrointestinal evaluation. Because the primary reservoir of S. agalactiae in the human body is the gastrointestinal tract, and because no findings suggested an alternate portal of entry in our male donor, a gastrointestinal source was suspected. In this case, an evaluation for organism‐specific pathology led to early identification of a potentially curable large bowel lesion.
Preparation of soluble infectious samples from scrapie‐infected brain: a new tool to study the clearance of transmissible spongiform encephalopathy agents during plasma fractionation
Authors: Berardi Vito Angelo , Cardone Franco , Valanzano Angelina , Lu Mei , Pocchiari Maurizio 
Published: February 2006

BACKGROUND:  Concern about the safety of blood, blood components, and plasma‐derived products with respect to prions has increased since the report of two blood‐related infections of variant Creutzfeldt‐Jakob disease in the United Kingdom. Efforts were directed toward the development of procedures able to remove or inactivate prions from blood components or plasma‐derived products with brain fractions of transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE)‐infected rodents as spiking materials. These spiking materials, however, are loaded with pathological prion protein (PrPTSE) aggregates that are likely not associated to blood infectivity. The presence of these aggregates may invalidate these studies.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS:  Brains from 263K scrapie–infected hamsters were suspended in 10 percent phosphate‐buffered saline. After low‐speed centrifugation, the supernatant was collected and ultracentrifuged at 220,000 × g at 25°C for 30 minutes. The high‐speed supernatants (SHS) and pellets were collected; the proteinase‐resistant PrPTSE was measured by Western blot and infectivity by intracerebral inoculation into weanling hamsters.RESULTS:  A substantial amount of prion infectivity (more than 105 LD50 per mL of a 10% suspension of brain tissues) is present in the SHS fraction of 263K scrapie–infected hamster brains. Concomitantly, this fraction contains none or only traces of PrPTSE in its aggregate form.CONCLUSION:  This study describes a simple and fast protocol to prepare infectious material from 263K scrapie–infected brains that is not contaminated with PrPTSE aggregates. This SHS fraction is likely to be the most relevant material for endogenous spiking of human blood in validation experiments aimed at demonstrating procedures to remove or inactivate TSE infectious agents.
Additional red blood cell alloantibodies after blood transfusions in a nonhematologic alloimmunized patient cohort: is it time to take precautionary measures?
Authors: Schonewille Henk , Van De Watering Leo M.G. , Brand Anneke 
Published: February 2006

BACKGROUND:  Red blood cell (RBC) alloimmunization is common in transfused patients. Most studies report on the rate of alloimmunization in chronically transfused patients, which can be as high as 60 percent. Less is known on the incidence of clinically relevant antibodies in accidentally transfused patients. Because the probability of repeat transfusion increases with longer life expectancy, it was wondered to which extend non–chronically transfused alloimmunized patients are prone to form additional antibodies after repeat transfusion events.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS:  A 20‐year retrospective multicenter study was performed analyzing additional alloantibody formation, against the RH, KEL, FY, JK, and MNS blood group systems.RESULTS:  After additional transfusions, 21.4 percent of 653 patients produced additional antibodies, resulting in 157 new antibody specificities. At the end of the study 33.4 percent of patients had multiple antibodies. Eighty of 140 patients (57%) who formed additional antibodies did so after one transfusion episode of a median of 2 units of RBCs. Based on the antigen profile of 316 patients, 83 percent of antibodies could have been prevented by extended matching for the C, E, c, K, Fya, and Jka antigens. Considering the current available donors in our region, 1 to 10 percent of potential donors would be available for 39 percent of patients and greater than 10 percent of potential donors for 61 percent of patients.CONCLUSION:  It has been shown that nonhematooncologic alloimmunized patients are high antibody responders, with a more than 20 times increased risk to form antibodies compared to first‐time alloimmunization risk. If extended matching for C, c, E, K, Fya, and Jka antigens in the future is considered, this group should be taken into account.
Acceptance of Male Registered Nurses by Female Registered Nurses
Authors: McMillian James , Morgan Susan A. , Ament Patrick 
Published: February 2006

Purpose: To investigate attitudes of acceptance toward male registered nurses by female registered nurses.
Design: Randomized descriptive design using 105 female registered nurses from a large midwestern state in the US.
Methods: Data were collected using an attitude inventory and analyzed using t test, chi square, Spearman rho, Pearson correlation, Mann‐Whitney U and multiple regression tests.
Findings: Acceptance was normally distributed. No difference in acceptance was found between rural and urban participants. The length of time working with a male nurse explained significant variance in acceptance scores. City or town of socialization was not related to acceptance scores. Rural participants were less likely than were urban participants to believe that female nurses are ready to accept large numbers of men into the profession.
Conclusions: The relationship of the distribution of acceptance of male registered nurses found in this study to the perceptions of acceptance by male registered nurses is unclear and requires further investigation.
Preventing and Terminating Unwanted Pregnancies in Turkey
Authors: Kavlak Oya , Atan Senay Unsal , Saruhan Aynur , Sevil Umran 
Published: February 2006

Purpose: To determine the methods used to prevent pregnancy by women seeking abortion of unwanted pregnancy, their knowledge and use of emergency contraception, and reasons for wanting the abortion.
Design: The sample was 144 randomly selected women, who requested abortion for termination of their pregnancies at two hospitals in Izmir, Turkey, during the study period.
Methods: A questionnaire was completed by the researcher in face‐to‐face interviews.
Findings: In this sample 43.8% had had previous abortions; 77.1% used some method of family planning; 7.0% used emergency contraceptives. The methods selected after unprotected sexual intercourse by these women included vaginal douche (37.5%), waiting to see whether the menstrual cycle would begin (27.0%), going to a hospital or maternal‐child health center (24.3%), and two other alternatives (4.2%). One‐fifth of the women said that, if they get pregnant again, they will have another abortion.
Conclusions: The number of unwanted pregnancies is high and many women seek abortions as a birth control method. Women in this sample needed information about effective methods for preventing pregnancy.
Comparison of Health‐Promoting Behaviors of Noninstitutionalized and Institutionalized Older Adults in Korea
Authors: Kim Sook‐Young , Jeon Eun‐Young , Sok Sohyune R. , Kim Kwuy‐Bun 
Published: February 2006

Purpose: To compare the health‐promoting behaviors of noninstitutionalized and institutionalized Korean older adults.Design: Descriptive survey.Methods: The study sample included 214 Korean older adults (108 noninstitutionalized and 106 institutionalized) aged 65 years or over living in Seoul and Daegu, Korea. Data were collected from April to August, 2003. Measures were the Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile (HPLP), the Rosenberg Self‐Esteem Scale (RSES), and the General Self‐Efficacy Scale.Findings: The average scores for HPLP, self‐esteem, and self‐efficacy of noninstitutionalized older adults were higher than those of institutionalized participants. Noninstitutionalized participants also scored significantly higher than did the institutionalized participants on self‐esteem and self‐efficacy.Conclusions: Studies were focused on the effects of various nursing interventions for health promotion are needed for older adults, especially those in institutions.
Dimensions of Professional Labor Support for Intrapartum Practice
Authors: Sauls Donna J. 
Published: February 2006

Purpose: To define and describe the dimensions of Professional Labor Support (PLS).
Design and Methods: A factor‐analytic study was conducted with a random sample of 146 intrapartum nurses in Texas. Nurses' responses to the Labor Support Questionnaire (LSQ) were subjected to principal components analysis and descriptive analysis.
Findings: A six‐factor solution indicated the dimensions of PLS: Tangible Support, Advocacy, Emotional Support‐Reassurance, Emotional Support‐Creating Control, Security and Comfort, Emotional Support‐Nurse Caring Behavior, and Informational Support.
Conclusions: Although the presence of four dimensions was theorized, six dimensions were found. The emotional support dimension was identified by nurses as being an important component of labor support as indicated by the identification of three separate emotional support dimensions.
An Intervention Study to Prevent Relapse in Patients With Schizophrenia
Authors: Van Meijel B. , Kruitwagen C. , Van Der Gaag M. , Kahn R.S. , Grypdonck M.H.F. 
Published: February 2006

Purpose: To determine whether the use of relapse prevention plans (RPPs) in nursing practice is an effective intervention in reducing relapse rates among patients with schizophrenia.
Design and Methods: Experimental design. Patients with schizophrenia (or a related psychotic disorder) and nurses from three mental health organizations were randomly assigned to either an experimental (RPP) or control condition (care as usual). The primary outcome measure was the psychotic relapses in the research groups.
Results: The relapse rates in the experimental and control groups after 1‐year follow‐up were 12.5% and 26.2%, respectively (p=.12, ns). The relative risk of a relapse in the experimental versus the control group was 0.48(ns).
Conclusions: In this study no statistically significant effects of the intervention were found. Effectiveness research in this area should be continued with larger sample sizes and longer follow‐up periods.
Perceptions of Barriers and Benefits to Physical Activity Among Outpatients in Psychiatric Rehabilitation
Authors: McDevitt Judith , Snyder Marsha , Miller Arlene , Wilbur JoEllen 
Published: February 2006

Purpose: To explore perceived barriers and benefits to physical activity in people with serious and persistent mental illness (SPMI) who were enrolled in community‐based psychiatric rehabilitation.
Design and Methods: Four focus groups, two for men and two for women, were held with a total of 34 outpatients from two program sites. The investigators used a semistructured interview guide to facilitate the discussions. Audiotapes of the discussions were transcribed and analyzed for concepts and themes.
Findings: Significant barriers to physical activity were: mental illness symptoms, medications, weight gain from medications, fear of discrimination, and safety concerns. Being in a psychiatric rehabilitation program offered comfort and belonging, but it also had the effect of leaving activity initiation up to the program staff, which some participants perceived was part of required program compliance. However, participants viewed physical activity positively, and they linked being active to improved mental health.
Conclusions: Outpatients in psychiatric rehabilitation valued physical activity, but mental illness symptoms, medication sedation, weight gain, fear of unsafe conditions, fear of discrimination, and interpretations of program compliance were barriers. Confronting how attitudes and barriers specific to this population can affect activity and reframing program compliance to include the independent initiation of activity as part of improving health might help clients of mental health services to become more active.
Transitional and Health Issues of Adults With Neural Tube Defects
Authors: Nehring Wendy M. , Faux Sandra A. 
Published: February 2006

Purpose: To examine past, current, and future developmental and health care issues and concerns of Caucasian, African American, and Mexican American adults, aged 20 to 75 years, with neural tube defects (NTDs).
Design: Naturalistic inquiry.
Methods: A semi‐structured interview was used to obtain information from 16 Caucasian, 11 African American, and 15 Mexican American adults.
Findings: Three themes identified in the analysis were uncertainty about the future, access to health care and information, and advocacy.
Conclusions: Documenting the adult trajectories of chronic childhood conditions, such as NTDs, is important. Although much is known about such conditions in childhood, additional knowledge about health and developmental concerns across the lifespan enhances provision of appropriate anticipatory guidance and health care.
Factors Associated With Work Satisfaction of Registered Nurses
Authors: Kovner Christine , Brewer Carol , Wu Yow‐Wu , Cheng Ying , Suzuki Miho 
Published: February 2006

Purpose: To examine the factors that influence the work satisfaction of a national sample of registered nurses in metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs).
Design: A cross‐sectional mailed survey design was used. The sample consisted of RNs randomly selected from 40 MSAs in 29 states; 1,907 RNs responded (48%). The sample of 1,538 RNs working in nursing was used for analysis.
Methods: The questionnaire included measures of work attitudes and demographic characteristics. The data were analyzed using ordinary least‐squares regression.
Findings: More than 40% of the variance in satisfaction was explained by the various work attitudes: supervisor support, work‐group cohesion, variety of work, autonomy, organizational constraint, promotional opportunities, work and family conflict, and distributive justice. RNs who were White, self‐perceived as healthy, and working in nursing education were more satisfied. RNs that were more career oriented were more satisfied. Of the benefits options, only paid time off was related to satisfaction.
Conclusions: Work‐related factors were significantly related to RNs' work satisfaction.
Nurse Care Coordination in Community‐Based Long‐Term Care
Authors: Marek Karen Dorman , Popejoy Lori , Petroski Greg , Rantz Marilyn 
Published: February 2006

Purpose: To evaluate the clinical outcomes of a nurse care coordination program for people receiving services from a state‐funded home and community‐based waiver program called Missouri Care Options (MCO).
Design: A quasi‐experimental design was used to compare 55 MCO clients who received nurse care coordination (NCC) and 30 clients who received MCO services but no nurse care coordination.
Methods: Nurse care coordination consists of the assignment of a registered nurse who provides home care services for both the MCO program and Medicare home health services. Two standardized datasets, the Minimum Data Set (MDS) for resident care and planning and the Outcome Assessment Instrument and Data Set (OASIS) were collected at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months on both groups. Cognition was measured with the MDS Cognitive Performance Scale (CPS), activities of daily living (ADL) as the sum of five MDS ADL items, depression with the MDS‐Depression Rating Scale, and incontinence and pressure ulcers with specific MDS items. Three OASIS items were used to measure pain, dyspnea, and medication management. The Cochran‐Mantel‐Haenszel (CMH) method was used to test the association between the NCC intervention and clinical outcomes.
Findings: At 12 months the NCC group scored significantly better statistically in the clinical outcomes of pain, dyspnea, and ADLs. No significant differences between groups were found in eight clinical outcome measures at 6 months.
Conclusions: Use of nurse care coordination for acute and chronic home care warrants further evaluation as a treatment approach for chronically ill older adults.
Levels of immunoglobulin A1 and messenger RNA for interferon γ and tumor necrosis factor α in total saliva from patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 with chronic periodontal disease
Authors: Gomes Marcio A. B. , Rodrigues Flavio H. , Afonso‐Cardoso Sandra R. , Buso Antonio M. , Silva Adriano G. , Favoreto Silvio , Souza Maria A. 
Published: February 2006

Background:  Diabetes mellitus and periodontal disease have high incidence in the general population and are associated with various degrees of dysfunction in the immune system. It has been shown that diabetic patients with severe periodontal disease have more complications of diabetes and less effective metabolic control compared with diabetic patients with healthy gingiva. Patients with diabetes and severe periodontal disease present higher levels of serous immunoglobulin A (IgA). Elevation of the IgA1 isotype is thought to contribute to this phenomenon. Another important event in the diabetes–periodontitis association is the disturbance in local and systemic production of inflammatory cytokines.Objective:  In this study we tested the hypothesis that type 2 diabetic patients with chronic moderate periodontal disease have differences in salivary IgA1 titers and cytokine expression when compared with the chronic severe periodontal disease cases.Methods:  We utilized a jacalin–IgA capture assay to determine the IgA1 titers in total saliva and reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction to detect mRNA for interferon γ (IFN‐γ) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF‐α) in total saliva samples of 13 patients with chronic moderate periodontal disease and 10 with chronic severe periodontal disease.Results and conclusions:  We observed a predominance of IgA1 titers of 64 (45.5%) in saliva samples from chronic severe periodontal disease patients and titers averaging 512 (30.8%) in chronic moderate periodontal disease patients. We detected mRNA for IFN‐γ in six out of 10 chronic severe periodontal disease subjects and in two out of 13 chronic moderate periodontal disease patients. TNF‐α expression was similar in both groups. Our data suggest that higher levels of IgA1 may exert partial protection of the periodontal tissue in chronic moderate periodontal disease diabetic patients when compared to severe periodontal disease. Despite the small number of patients, IFN‐γ expression had a trend association with severity of periodontitis and TNF‐α gene expression did not correlate with severity of periodontal disease.