bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
STUDIES OF URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS IN INFANCY AND CHILDHOOD X. Short or Long‐term Treatment in Girls with First or Second‐time Urinary Tract Infections Uncomplicated by Obstructive Urological Abnormalities
Authors: Bergström T. , Lincoln K. , Redin B. , Winberg J. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryThe aim of the present investigation, concerned with 279 girls with their first‐time, or in a few cases second‐time urinary tract infection, was to explore the possibility to improve the “1‐year cure rate” by means of long‐term sulfonamide therapy (2 months) instead of short‐term sulfonamide therapy (10 days). A “1‐year cure” was then defined as an eradication of the index infection and freedom from infection during the following year. The “1‐year cure rate” was found to be equal in the two therapy groups i. e. 64 per cent.The material showed some characteristics which might permit some general statements about uncomplicated first or second‐time urinary tract infections in girls. The material showed a marked predominance of the younger age groups. This finding is discussed with regard to the pathogenesis of urinary tract infection. The bacteria isolated at the initial infections were in 90 percent E. coli and also in 90 per cent sensitive to sulfonamide. Thus for the present there is no reason to abandon sulfonamide as the drug of choice in uncomplicated first‐time infections in girls.The first recurrence had a tendency to appear shortly after the original infection rather than late. Observations suggest that recurrences, even those occurring immediately after cessation of therapy, were usually a reinfection and not a recrudescence. These findings are discussed in relation to the pathogenesis of recurrent urinary tract infections.The first recurrence was in 1/3 of the cases asymptomatic, in the other 2/3 symptomatic. During long term prophylaxis asymptomatic infections even outnumbered the symptomatic ones. Therapy thus may mask an infection.The bacteria isolated at the first recurrences after the index infection were in 30–90 per cent resistant to sulfonamide, the rate being related to the time interval between the cessation of therapy and the recurrence. The therapeutic consequences of the difference in sulfonamide sensitivity of the initial infection and the recurrences are discussed.
EOSINOPHILIC LEUKEMIA ‐ AN IMMUNOPATHOLOGICAL REACTION?
Authors: Bengtsson Elias 
Published: January 2008

SummaryAn account is given of eosinophilic leukemia in a 5‐year‐old boy, who died after 2 months' illness. Post mortem examination disclosed a large tumor in the thymic region, as well as infiltrates of eosinophilic leukocytes, mainly immature, in the thymus, lymph nodes, spleen, lungs, heart and kidneys.After 3 weeks' illness, the number of atypical mononuclear leukocytes in the peripheral blood increased markedly. This was followed by an increase in the number of eosinophilic leukocytes. Concurrently, a pronounced rise took place in the serological titers for antipneumolysin and Toxoplasma.The mechanism of development of the changes is discussed against the background of a suggested immunopathological process, in which the thymus may have played a central role.
The Development of Children in a Swedish Urban Community. A Prospective Longitudinal Study
Authors: KARLBERG PETTER , ENGSTRÖM INGA , LICHTENSTEIN HENRIK , SVENNBERG INGA 
Published: January 2008

SummaryThe physical growth was followed longitudinally from birth to 3 years of age in a group of 212 randomly sampled children from the Stockholm urban area, 122 boys and 90 girls. The children were measured on eight occasions at fixed intervals.Recumbent length, crown‐rump length, weight, femur bicondylar and humerus bi‐condylar width, biacromial and pelvic width, circumference of head and chest, subcutaneous tissue at four different sites and the anterior fontanel were measured.The mean values for these measurements with S.D. as well as the percentiles are given. The increments were calculated and are also given as means with S.D. and percentiles.The pattern of growth is discussed. Differences between boys and girls were found, particularly with respect to the skeletal and the subcutaneous tissue, the former being more developed in boys and the latter in girls.
The Development of Children in a Swedish Urban Community. A Prospective Longitudinal Study
Authors: KLACKENBERG G. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryThe study is part of a prospective longitudinal investigation, which comprises 212 children chosen randomly from a Swedish urban community. The sleep behaviour of the children which is reported here was followed up to the age of 3 years. Mean values with standard deviations for duration of sleep (total, day sleep and night sleep) at 6, 9, 12, 18, 24, and 36 months are presented. The length of night sleep increases slightly, but because the day sleep decreases much more, the 3‐year‐old will, on an average, sleep nearly 21/2 hours less per 24 hours than will a 6‐month‐old baby. The total length of sleep per 24 hours does not vary with the amount of day‐light hours. A calculation of correlation also shows that the possibilities to predict the length of sleep at a later stage of the child's life are small. The length of sleep showed no statistical correlation with a great number of tested environmental factors. The latter included overcrowding and the mother being gainfully employed.Analyses were made of various forms of sleep disturbances, their frequency at 8 different age‐levels, and their continuity and associations with various environmental and constitutional factors, For yearlong periods resistance to bedtime preparations, evening wakefulness, and night waking form a recurrent feature in the sleep‐behaviour pattern of some children. The incidence of night waking, which at no age is below 23%, is highest at 1 month, being 75%. The interruptions of night sleep show no relationship to the tested environmental variables, whereas the disturbances in the evening and in connection with bedtime preparation were found to be related to external stimuli and strange experiences to the child, such as separation from the mother.Finally, a comparison was made between children who had been bad sleepers for just over 2 years and the extreme group of children who had slept without disturbances. Among the tested variables, only marked overcrowding and prolonged breast‐feeding were related to a tendency to wakefulness.
EVALUATION OF PROGNOSIS AND TREATMENT IN BELL'S PALSY IN CHILDREN
Authors: Salam Ekram Abdel , Elyahky Wageeh S. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryNerve‐excitability measurements performed early in the course of the disease are of a good prognostic value. The results show that when excitability is maintained unimpaired after 72 hours of the onset, there is a chance of 100% spontaneous cure. When the excitability is diminished by less than 50%, 90% recovery may occur, but when it is markedly diminished or absent the prognosis is bad.The schedule of treatment to be followed should be based on the result of nerve excitability measurement early in the course of the disease.Systemic vasodilators, as nicotinic acid early in the course of the disease has excellent effect as it cuts the vicious circle of arteriolar spasm without increasing pressure within the facial canal.It is advisable that early short wave therapy should be avoided as it may increase nerve compression through local vascular congestion in the vicinity of the nerve.Incidence of physiological block is higher in children with Bell's palsy than in corresponding adult patients who, as a result have a higher incidence of nerve degeneration and worse prognosis.The severity of paralysis does not indicate the degree of nerve lesion.
BLOOD GLUCOSE OF THE HUMAN FETUS PRIOR TO AND DURING LABOR
Authors: Raivio K. O. , Teramo K. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryWith the technique of scalp capillary blood sampling, the blood glucose levels of human fetuses were studied in normal cases as well as in cases with toxemia, Rh‐immunization or prolonged pregnancy. Before the onset of labor the mean level was 61.5 mg/100 ml, and an increase was demonstrated as labor progressed. The maternal concentration was always somewhat higher than that in the fetus, and an analogous increase was observed during labor. No significant differences could be demonstrated between the normal and abnormal cases, either prior to or during labor.
NEONATAL HYPOGLYCEMIA I. Occurrence of Hypoglycemia in Patients with Various Neonatal Disorders
Authors: Raivio Kari O. , Hallman Niilo 
Published: January 2008

SummaryTwo or more serial blood glucose determinations were performed before the age of five days in 964 neonates treated in the Children's Hospital. Two or more values of 20 mg/100 ml or less, considered to indicate significant hypoglycemia, were observed in 55 infants, or 5.7% of those studied. The incidence of significant hypoglycemia was 20% in dysmature infants, 16% in infants of diabetic mothers and 15% in critically ill infants dying within ten days of birth. No other important predisposing factors were detected. A screening procedure for the early diagnosis of neonatal hypoglycemia is described.
LOW BIRTH WEIGHT, THE “SMALL FOR DATES” SYNDROME AND PERINATAL MORTALITY IN A LOW FAMILY INCOME GROUP
Authors: Rahimtoola Razia J. , Mir Sarah , Baloch S. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryIn 1100 consecutive deliveries the “prematurity” rate was found to be 22%. Mean birth weight was 6.2 lb, or 2800 g. 17% showed a birth weight of less than 2500 g in spite of gestational age over 36 weeks. Intrauterine mortality was 4% and neonatal mortality 5%. Still births were predominantly in the antenatally neglected lower income groups and the causes of neonatal mortality is considered as mainly secondary to poor ante‐ and post‐natal care.
STUDIES ON ERYTHRO‐KINETICS IN INFANCY:XIII. The mean Life Span and the Life Span Frequency Function of Red Blood Cells Formed during Foetal Life
Authors: Bratteby Lars‐Eric , Garby Lars , Groth Torgny , Schneider Werner , Wadman Bengt 
Published: January 2008

SummaryEquations were developed for the relation between the production rate, the life span frequency function and the number of circulating erythrocytes and for the relation between the production rate, the life span frequency function and the relative number of circulating cells after random labelling.With the help of explicit expressions for the production rate and the life span frequency function of erythrocytes formed during the latter part of foetal life, the increase in number of circulating cells during this period and the relative decrease in circulating labelled cells in a simulated cord red blood cell survival experiment were calculated on a digital computer and compared with experimental data. Through the simulation procedure, the parameters in the life span frequency function and the production rate function were estimated.The life span frequency function of the red blood cells did not change appreciably during the last 60 days of foetal life.The mean cell life span was found to be between 45 and 70 days. The life span frequency function was skew with the majority of cells dying before the mean life span.The relative rate of production of erythrocytes during the last two months of gestation was found to be 3–5 times that of normal adults.
ECG COMPARED WITH MYOCARDIAL ULTRASTRUCTURE IN ANOXIC FOETUSES OF NORMAL AND HYPERGLYCAEMIC RABBITS
Authors: Gelli M. G. , Ericsson J. L. E. , Enhörning G. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryThe heart function, as recorded by ECG, was correlated to the ultrastructural state of the myocardial cells.The material consisted of 4 rabbit mothers. Two were used as experimental animals, and were given 120 ml of 30% glucose solution intravenously on the 29th day of pregnancy. The other two served as controls. After the infusion, the rabbits were sacrificed, and their foetuses removed by laparotomy. One foetus was placed in a paraffin bath at 37°C for ECG recording, and the others were placed in physiological saline. The two parameters, i. e., ECG and ultrastructural state of the myocardial cells, were correlated at various times. Pathological changes in the ECG were found to be reflected in ultrastructural changes in the cells. These changes were similar in the experimental animals and in the controls, but occurred earlier in the latter animals than in the former.
DE LANGE SYNDROME A Study of Nine Examples
Authors: Abraham J. M. , Russell Alex 
Published: January 2008

SummaryA comprehensive study of 9 typical cases of de Lange syndrome revealed no pathognomonic marker but two helpful aids to the essentially clinical diagnosis: short thick first metacarpal bone and suggestive dermatoglyphs. The series includes an example with parental consanguinity; but the mode of inheritance remains uncertain. Endocrine investigations showed normal to high hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal axis response, with six of the nine examples showing evidence of hypothyroidism on functional testing, secondary in four and primary in two. Abnormality within the hypothalamic area or affecting its connections with higher centres, perhaps as part of a diffuse brain pathology, could explain some of the findings in this syndrome.
CONGENITAL HAEMANGIOENDOTHELIOSARCOMA OF THE LIVER
Authors: Lund J. Swane 
Published: January 2008

SummaryA case of haemangioendotheliosarcoma of the liver in a newborn boy is reported. The patient died 15 hours after birth. The autopsy findings are described, and the rare occurrence of this tumour is discussed. It does not appear to have been previously diagnosed immediately after birth. A few cases have manifested themselves in the 2nd‐5th month of life. Recent improvement in the prognosis for patients with hepatic tumours treated by surgery is mentioned.
IMMUNOGLOBULIN LEVELS IN INFANTS WITH LOW BIRTH WEIGHTS
Authors: Berg Torsten 
Published: January 2008

SummaryThe different immunoglobulins G, M, A and D were studied in 65 infants with birth weights less than 2500 g, during their first weeks of life. The initial IgG concentration was very well correlated to gestational age, but by no means so well correlated to birth weight. Infants of low gestational age had, on the average, low IgG concentrations at birth and in the course of their first months of life there was a tendency towards more or less pronounced hypogammaglobulinaemia. Infants with low birth weights had, as a rule, a good capacity for early IgM synthesis but the increase in IgM levels during the first few weeks of life was, however, considerably less rapid in infants of very low gestational age. This may be due to the fact that such infants are less exposed to infections, owing to incubator care and various kinds of precautions. It may also, however, be an expression of an inferior capacity for IgM synthesis in these infants. As regards immunoglobulins A and D in infants with low birth weights, no pronounced differences were found on comparison with previous findings in full‐term infants.
MOTOR CONDUCTION VELOCITIES IN NEWBORN INFANTS OF VARIOUS GESTATIONAL AGES
Authors: Blom Sigfrid , Finnström Orvar 
Published: January 2008

SummaryThe motor conduction velocities, in the ulnar and peroneal nerves of newborn infants, of various postmenstrual ages were studied. It was found that:1. The conduction velocities, in children of a short gestational age is significantly lower than those of fullterm infants.2. The conduction velocities, of the peroneal nerve, is slightly but significantly lower than those of the ulnar nerve, in both groups of children.It is also concluded that the determination of motor conduction velocities seems to be an additional method, of value, in assessing the degree of maturity at birth, and in determining the gestational age.
ELECTROMYOGRAPHIC EVIDENCE OF A MUSCLE LESION IN HOMOCYSTINURIA
Authors: Hurwitz L. J. , Chopra J. S. , Carson Nina A. J. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryIn seven out of nine patients with homocystinuria, electromyographic examination suggested a myopathy. The E. M. G. was also abnormal and of myopathic type in three of the parents. The implication of this finding in homocystinuria and in unaffected relatives is discussed. It is concluded that there is a muscle lesion in homocystinuria which is probably myopathic and is one factor producing the peculiar gait present in this disease.
YERSINIA ENTEROCOLITICA AS A CAUSE OF ACUTE MESENTERIC LYMPHADENITIS
Authors: Jansson E. , Wallgren G. R. , Ahvonen P. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryTwo cases of acute mesenteric lymphadenitis caused by Yersinia enterocolitica in children aged 11 and 12 years are described. At appendectomy the appendix was found innocent, but in the ileocecal region and in the mesentery there were lymph nodes from which bacterial culture grew Y. enterocolitica. In one patient, agglutinins against Y. enterocolitica were established in the titre 12 80 and in the other in the titre 20.The importance of etiologic studies in cases of acute mesenteric lymphadenitis is emphasised.
IDIOPATHIC APLASTIC ANAEMIA IN CHILDREN
Authors: KILLANDER ANDREAS , KARL‐MARTIN  , LUNDMARK  , SJOLIN STIG 
Published: January 2008

SummaryThe results of treatment of 19 children with idiopathic aplastic anaemia is reported. Initially the patients received testosterone‐prednisone therapy. When a satisfactory haemoglobin level had been reached metandienon was substituted for testosterone and the corticosteroids withheld. 8 patients died without signs of response, 2 patients responded initially but died later. The remaining 9 patients are alive but in only 3 of them was it possible to discontinue all therapy without signs of relapse. The rate of remission varied considerably. One patient required 23 months of combined therapy to achieve a normal haemoglobin level. A moderate hypoplasia of the bone^marrow at the start of therapy was the most favourable prognostic sign in this series. Therefore, it may be concluded that every effort should be made to diagnose the disease before the bone‐marrow changes have progressed to severe hypoplasia.
BILE ACID EXCRETION AND MALABSORPTION IN INTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS OF INFANCY (“NEONATAL HEPATITIS”)
Authors: NORMAN ARNE , STRANDVIK BIRGITTA , ZETTERSTROM ROLF 
Published: January 2008

SummaryBile acid excretion has been studied in four patients with intrahepatic cholestasis of infancy neonatal hepatitis) after intramuscular administration of cholic acid‐24‐14.CBile acid secretion to the intestines was found to be highly impaired and the main route of excretion was via the urine. Practically all of the administered labeled cholic acid was conjugated prior to excretion. The main conjugates were glycocholic and taurocholic acid. At least three additional conjugates of cholic acid were isolated from the urine.Analysis of bile obtained from three of the patients in connection with operative cholangiography showed a very low concentration of bile acids, phospholipids and cholesterol. The bile was of normal colour owing to the presence of bilirubin.Severe steatorrhea and markedly impaired absorption of vitamin A was demonstrated when the patients were jaundiced. The impairment of bile acid excretion to the gut and the degree of steatorrhea were well correlated. In some of the patients steatorrhea persisted after the disappearance of jaundice. In those instances, the impairment of bile acid excretion to the gut was found to persist.
RENAL VEIN THROMBOSIS IN A NEWBORN INFANT OF A DIABETIC MOTHER
Authors: AURELIUS GÖRAN 
Published: January 2008

SummaryA newborn infant of a diabetic mother is described, suffering from a renal vein thrombosis with hematuria and a palpable mass in the flank. The general condition was unaffected and the symptoms disappeared after two weeks. Nephrectomy was performed after four months because of an arterial hypertension and a pathologic intravenous urography.In these cases a high hematocrit value and a hypercoagulability may play a great part of the pathogenesis. Therefore venesectio and treatment with heparin may be of value.
DEFIBRINATION SYNDROME IN A NEWBORN, AND ITS TREATMENT WITH EXCHANGE TRANSFUSION
Authors: SKYBERG DAG , JACOBSEN CARL D. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryA male infant was born asphyxiated, but after few minutes of artificial respiration, spontaneous breathing was established. During the next few hours he developed a severe bleeding tendency with signs of intracranial hemorrhage. In the palms of the hands and soles of the feet there were symmetrical large ecchymoses with a sharp border to normal skin. Coagulation studies showed the characteristics of a defibrination syndrome. He was treated with one exchange transfusion of heparinised blood, and corticosteroids for one week. After the exchange transfusion a rapid and marked improvement was noted. He was followed up during his first year of life, and the development has been quite normal. No permanent disabilities have been found. It is possible that asphyxia was the trigger mechanism for the defibrination syndrome in this case.Early recognition of the acute defibrination syndrome and immediate start of therapy may be lifesaving.
RAPIDLY DEVELOPING CONSTRICTIVE PERICARDITIS IN AN INFANT SIMULATING MITRAL VALVE OBSTRUCTION
Authors: SCHLESINGER Z. , KAHANA D. , KRAUS Y. , NEUFELD H. N. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryA case is reported of rapidly developing constrictive pericarditis in a 9‐month‐old infant, apparently the youngest yet described.Unusual features of this case were the failure of the heart size to decrease as expected, and electrocardiographic, roentgenographic, angiocardiographic and hemodynamic data, which indicated “mitral valve obstruction”. These unusual features resulted from the peculiar location of the pericardial constriction over the left ventricle, which took the form of a pericardial cyst hampering left atrial emptying.
SEVERE ILLNESSES DUE TO ADENOVIRUS TYPE 7 IN CHILDREN
Authors: STEEN‐JOHNSEN J. , ÖRSTAVIK I. , ATTRAMADAL A. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryFour patients presenting a severe pneumonia due to adenovirus type 7 are reported. One of them died, and intranuclear inclusion bodies characteristic for the illness were found. In infants and small children, this infection might in addition give meningoencephalitic symptoms, hepatomegaly, vascular disorders and hemorrhagic tendency, as some of these patients demonstrated. Intravascular coagulation initiated by the virus infection could explain several of the symptoms and signs in such serious cases.
DOWN'S SYNDROME TRANSMITTED THROUGH MATERNAL MOSAICISM
Authors: AARSKOG DAGFINN 
Published: January 2008

SummaryTwo families are reported in which Down's syndrome was transmitted through phenotypi‐cally normal mosaic mothers. In the first family the mother had normal/G‐trisomy mosaic, and on two successive pregnancies at the age of 22 and 24 years she gave birth to two sibs with regular G2i‐trisomy and Down's syndrome. In the other family the mother had a mosaic of normal and balanced D/G21 translocation cells, and at the age of 32 years she gave birth to a child with D/G2t translocation trisomy and Down's syndrome.Mosaic mothers carry a considerable risk of having children with Down's syndrome. Exact prediction of the risk cannot be given since the extent of gonadal involvement in the mosaicism is unknown.
GONADAL DYSGENESIS WITH LYMPHOCYTIC THYROIDITIS AND DELETION OF THE LONG ARM OF THE X CHROMOSOME
Authors: MELIN KERSTIN , SAMUELSON GÖSTA 
Published: January 2008

SummaryA 17‐year‐old girl with several stigmata of gonadal dysgenesis and a 45, X/46, XXq˜ mosaicism is presented. She had small hypoplastic ovaries and regular menstruations, and a lymphocytic thyroiditis. The relationship between gonadal dysgenesis and lymphocytic thyroiditis is discussed.