bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Age‐Stratified Poisson Model for Comparing Trends in Cancer Rates Across Overlapping Regions
Authors: Li Yi , Tiwari Ram C. , Zou Zhaohui 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe annual percent change (APC) has been used as a measure to describe the trend in the age‐adjusted cancer incidence or mortality rate over relatively short time intervals. The yearly data on these age‐adjusted rates are available from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program of the National Cancer Institute. The traditional methods to estimate the APC is to fit a linear regression of logarithm of age‐adjusted rates on time using the least squares method or the weighted least squares method, and use the estimate of the slope parameter to define the APC as the percent change in the rates between two consecutive years. For comparing the APC for two regions, one uses a t‐test which assumes that the two datasets on the logarithm of the age‐adjusted rates are independent and normally distributed with a common variance. Two modifications of this test, when there is an overlap between the two regions or between the time intervals for the two datasets have been recently developed. The first modification relaxes the assumption of the independence of the two datasets but still assumes the common variance. The second modification relaxes the assumption of the common variance also, but assumes that the variances of the age‐adjusted rates are obtained using Poisson distributions for the mortality or incidence counts. In this paper, a unified approach to the problem of estimating the APC is undertaken by modeling the counts to follow an age‐stratified Poisson regression model, and by deriving a corrected Z ‐test for testing the equality of two APCs. A simulation study is carried out to assess the performance of the test and an application of the test to compare the trends, for a selected number of cancer sites, for two overlapping regions and with varied degree of overlapping time intervals is presented. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Bombesin‐modified 6–14 C‐terminal fragments adsorption on silver surfaces: Influence of a surface substrate
Authors: Podstawka Edyta , Ozaki Yukihiro 
Published: July 2008

AbstractSurface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy has been applied to investigate the interaction with a silver colloidal surface of following seven 6–14 fragments of bombesin (BN) C‐terminus: cyclo[D‐Phe6,His7,Leu14]BN6–14, [D‐Phe6,Leu‐NHEt13,des‐Met14]BN6–14, [D‐Phe6,Leu13‐®‐p‐chloro‐Phe14]BN6–14, [D‐Phe6,β‐Ala11,Phe13,Nle14]BN6–14, [D‐Tyr6,β‐Ala11,Phe13,Nle14]BN6–14, [D‐Tyr6,β‐Phe11,Phe13,Nle14OH]BN6–14, and [D‐Cys6,Asn7,D‐Ala11,Cys14]BN6–14, potent r‐GRP‐R receptor antagonists used in chemotherapy and potential effective drugs in cancer treatment. The adsorption active sites and molecular orientations on the colloidal silver surface have been determined on the basis of SERS “surface selection rules” subsequent to a detailed SERS analysis. In addition, the similarities and differences of these spectra with the SERS spectra of the peptides immobilized on a roughened silver electrode surface have been examined. From the data, suggestion has been made about structural properties of these peptides on the colloidal surface. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 89: 941–950, 2008.This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
Confocal Raman microscopy on single living young and old erythrocytes
Authors: Kang Li‐Li , Huang Yao‐Xiong , Liu Wen‐Jing , Zheng Xin‐Jing , Wu Zheng‐Jie , Luo Man 
Published: July 2008

AbstractRaman confocal microscopy, including the techniques of point Raman spectra, line mapping, 2D mapping, and time‐dependent spectrum monitoring performed with 514.5 nm excitation light, was used in a comparative study on the distribution and oxidation states of hemoglobin (Hb) in young and old mature erythrocytes. It is demonstrated that in contrast to the homogeneous distribution of the Hb in young cells, there are more Hb distribution around the cell membrane in old erythrocyte. The proteins exhibit some extent of aggregation and conformational change, present less ability of oxidation, and lower oxygenation speed than the Hb in young erythrocytes. Our results also provide the first direct evidence of some intermediate oxygenated states of Hb between the two fully oxygenated (R) and deoxygenated (T) states in living erythrocyte, and give detail information about the conformational change of the intracellular Hb with time during the reoxygenation process. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 89: 951–959, 2008.This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
Thermodynamics of single strand DNA base stacking
Authors: Ramprakash Jayanthi , Lang Brian , Schwarz Frederick P. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe thermodynamics of the stacking to unstacking transitions of 24 single‐stranded DNA sequences (ssDNA), 10–12 bases in length, in sodium phosphate buffer were determined from 10 to 95°C, using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). An additional 22 ssDNA sequences did not exhibit an S⇔︁U transition in this temperature range. The transition properties of the ssDNA sequences with ≤60% self‐complementarily in the reverse direction were independent of concentration with transition temperatures ranging from 15 to 70°C, van't Hoff transition enthalpies from 92 to 201 kJ mol−1 and transition enthalpies from 5 to 75% of the corresponding van't Hoff transition enthalpies. Since all the 16 doublets and 60 of the 64 triplets are present in both the transition and the non‐transition ssDNA sequences, it is unlikely that the nucleation subset initiating stacking of the sequence is a specific doublet or triplet subset. Of the 141 quadruplet subsets of the 46 sequences, each transition ssDNA sequence contained at least one or more quadruplets not found in the non‐transition ssDNA sequences. It could be concluded that the thermal stability of the stacked conformation was dependent on the presence of a possible nucleation quadruplet and the length of the ssDNA sequence and not on the G or C content of the ssDNA sequence, nor on the number of purine bases in the sequence. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 89: 969–979, 2008.This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
STa peptide analogs for probing guanylyl cyclase C
Authors: Tian Xiaobing , Michal Allison M. , Li Peng , Wolfe Henry R. , Waldman Scott A. , Wickstrom Eric 
Published: July 2008

AbstractGuanylyl cyclase C (GC‐C), universally overexpressed on primary and metastatic colorectal carcinoma cells, is activated by endogenous ligands, guanylin, and uroguanylin, and by exogenous 18‐residue heat‐stable enterotoxins (STa) produced by diarrheagenic bacteria. Two 12‐residue STa analogs with alternate combinations of two interlocked disulfide bonds, peptides3and6, were synthesized by orthogonal solid phase synthesis routes. Peptides3and6bound GC‐C with a rank order potency of STa > peptide3> peptide6. Peptides3and6behaved as agonists in stimulating cGMP production. The results reveal that the toxic domain of STa can be reduced to 12 amino acids. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 90: 713–723, 2008.This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
Cloning the bacterial bphC gene into Nicotiana tabacum to improve the efficiency of PCB phytoremediation
Authors: Novakova M. , Mackova M. , Chrastilova Z. , Viktorova J. , Szekeres M. , Demnerova K. , Macek T. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe aim of this work is to increase the efficiency of the biodegradation of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) by the introduction of bacterial genes into the plant genome. For this purpose, we selected the bphC gene encoding 2,3‐dihydroxybiphenyl‐1,2‐dioxygenase from Pseudomonas testosteroni B‐356 to be cloned into tobacco plants. The dihydroxybiphenyldioxygenase enzyme is the third enzyme in the biphenyl degradation pathway, and its unique function is the cleavage of biphenyl. Three different constructs were designed and prepared in E. coli: the bphC gene being fused with the β‐glucuronidase (GUS) gene, with the luciferase (LUC) gene, and with histidine tail in three separate plant cloning vectors. The GUS and LUC genes were chosen because they can be used as markers for the easy detection of transgenic plants, while histidine tail better enables the isolation of protein expressed in plant tissue. The prepared vectors were then introduced into cells of Agrobacterium tumefaciens. The transient expression of the prepared genes was first studied in cells of Nicotiana tabacum. Once this ability had been established, model tobacco plants were transformed by agrobacterial infection with the bphC/GUS, bphC/LUC, and bphC/His genes. The transformed regenerants were selected on media using a selective antibiotic, and the presence of transgenes and mRNA was determined by PCR and RT‐PCR. The expression of the fused proteins BphC/GUS and BphC/LUC was confirmed histochemically by analysis of the expression of their detection markers. Western blot analysis was performed to detect the presence of the BphC/His protein immunochemically using a mouse anti‐His antibody. Growth and viability of transgenic plants in the presence of PCBs was compared with control plants. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2009;102: 29–37. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Jigsaw classroom under test: No effect on intergroup relations evident
Authors: Bratt Christopher 
Published: July 2008

AbstractTwo quasi‐experiments with intervention and control classes investigated effects of the Jigsaw classroom on intergroup relations, with 11 years old in grade 6 (Study 1) and 13–15 years old in grades 8–10 (Study 2). Both studies investigated developments in majority members' outgroup attitudes, intergroup friendship and empathy. They also investigated attitudes towards school among all the students. Study 2 added assessments of common ingroup identity in the majority sample and considered outgroup attitudes in the minorities' sample. Particularly in Study 2, an effort was made to ensure an accurate implementation of Jigsaw. The studies could not confirm that Jigsaw had effects on intergroup relations. Study 2, using adolescents as participants and 11 Jigsaw classes, found no effects of Jigsaw. In Study 1, one of the two Jigsaw classes had a statistically significant, minor favourable development along outgroup attitudes. However, this development may have been an effect of having two teachers (and few students in the class); no similar development was uncovered in the second Jigsaw class (with one teacher). The data question the frequent optimism on behalf of the Jigsaw classroom as an effective means to counter prejudice. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Community psychology and injustice in the criminal justice system
Authors: Duckett Paul , Schinkel Marguerite 
Published: July 2008

AbstractIn this short paper, we consider the partnership between psychology and the criminal justice system in Western societies and critically reflect on the notion of criminal justice as expressed in such a system. Focusing on how the criminal justice system operates in the UK, and in particular in Scotland, we consider the way the system criminalizes those who previously have been socially and economically disadvantaged. We ask whether community psychology has become negligent in the attention it brings to such a pernicious form of victim blaming and as such has shown insufficient critical engagement with systems that create social harm, and whether it is paying enough attention to the impact of a criminal justice system that is contributing to the creation of a more punitive, fractured and unjust society. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effects of pre‐processing of image data on self‐modeling image analysis
Authors: Windig W. , Keenan M. R. , Wise B. M. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe use of chemical imaging of secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) data for self‐modeling image analysis (SIA) has special challenges because of the following reasons: (a) At higher counting rates, the data are non‐linear. (b) The heteroscedastic nature of the noise causes structure in the data which gives rise to extra components. (c) There is a high amount of noise in SIMS data and outliers often cause problems. This paper will discuss an adaptation of a pre‐processing method to correct for heteroscedastic noise and a method to minimize the effect of outlying pixels. Examples will be given of the following: (a) Different mixtures of palmitic and stearic acid on aluminum foil. (b) A film coating of polyvinyl acetate (PVA) and polystyrene (PS). (c) A sample of copper and nickel and a fused layer. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Trilinear analysis of images obtained with a hyperspectral imaging confocal microscope
Authors: Van Benthem Mark H. , Keenan Michael R. , Davis Ryan , Liu Ping , Jones Howland D. T. , Haaland David M. , Sinclair Michael B. , Brasier Allan R. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractHyperspectral imaging confocal microscopy (HSI‐CM) is a powerful tool for the analysis of cellular processes such as the immune response. HSI‐CM is a data rich technique that routinely generates two‐way data having a spectral domain and an image or concentration domain. Using a variety of modifications to the instrument or experimental protocols, one can readily produce three‐way data with HSI‐CM. These data are often amenable to trilinear analysis. For example we have used a time series of 18 images acquired during photobleaching of the fluorophores in an effort to identify fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET). The resulting images represent intensity as a function of concentration, wavelength and photodegradation in time, to which we apply our techniques of trilinear decomposition. We have successfully employed trilinear decomposition of photobleaching spectral image data from fixed A549 cells transfected with yellow and green fluorescent proteins (YFP and GFP) as molecular probes of cellular proteins involved in the cellular immune response. While useful in the interpretation biological processes, the size of the data generated with the HSI‐CM can be difficult to manage computationally. The 208 × 204 × 512 × 18 elements in the image data require careful processing and efficient analysis algorithms. Accordingly, we have implemented fast algorithms that can quickly perform the trilinear decomposition. In this paper we describe how three‐way data are produced and the methods we have used to process them. Specifically, we show that co‐adding spectra in a spatial neighborhood is a highly effective method for improving the performance of these algorithms without sacrificing resolution. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Microsolvation Effects on the Optical Properties of Crystal Violet
Authors: Loison Claire , Antoine Rodolphe , Broyer Michel , Dugourd Philippe , Guthmuller Julien , Simon Daniel 
Published: July 2008

AbstractWe present a joint experimental and theoretical study of the photoabsorption and photodissociation behavior of crystal violet, that is, the tris[p‐(dimethylamino)phenyl]methyl cation. The photodissociation spectra of isolated and microsolvated crystal violet have been measured. A single band is observed for the bare cation. This is in good agreement with the calculated vibronic absorption spectrum based on time‐dependent density functional theory calculations. The interaction of crystal violet with a single water molecule shifts and broadens the photodissociation spectrum, so that it approaches the spectrum obtained in solution. Theoretical calculations of the structure of the complex suggest that the shift in the absorption spectrum originates from a water molecule bonding with the central carbon atom of crystal violet.
Interfering with the Sugar Code: Design and Synthesis of Oligosaccharide Mimics
Authors: Bernardi Anna , Cheshev Pavel 
Published: July 2008

AbstractOligosaccharide determinants of cellular glycoconjugates interact with protein receptors triggering a variety of cellular responses within a wide range of physiological and pathological processes and with exquisitely tuned selectivity. This has led to the formulation of the hypothesis that a sugar code exists and that sugar‐binding proteins (lectins) act to decipher it and translate it into biological responses. Interference with these recognition events by functional mimics of carbohydrates could thus be used to modulate or alter signal transmission, or to prevent the onset of diseases. Attempts to design and prepare glycomimetic inhibitors of well‐known target lectins (cholera toxin, DC‐SIGN) are reviewed in this concept paper.
XAS and XMCD Investigation of Mn12 Monolayers on Gold
Authors: Mannini Matteo , Sainctavit Philippe , Sessoli Roberta , Cartier dit Moulin Christophe , Pineider Francesco , Arrio Marie‐Anne , Cornia Andrea , Gatteschi Dante 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe deposition of Mn12 single molecule magnets on gold surfaces was studied for the first time using combined X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and X‐ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) methods at low temperature. The ability of the proposed approach to probe the electronic structure and magnetism of Mn12 complexes without significant sample damage was successfully checked on bulk samples. Detailed information on the oxidation state and magnetic polarization of manganese ions in the adsorbates was obtained from XAS and XMCD spectra, respectively. Partial reduction of metal ions to MnII was clearly observed upon deposition on Au(111) of two different Mn12 derivatives bearing 16‐acetylthio‐hexadecanoate and 4‐(methylthio)benzoate ligands. The average oxidation state, as well as the relative proportions of MnII, MnIII and MnIV species, are strongly influenced by the deposition protocol. Furthermore, the local magnetic polarizations are significantly decreased as compared with bulk Mn12 samples. The results highlight an utmost redox instability of Mn12 complexes at gold surfaces, presumably accompanied by structural rearrangements, which cannot be easily revealed by standard surface analysis based on X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and scanning tunnelling microscopy.
Solid‐Phase Synthesis of Transition‐Metal Complexes
Authors: Heinze Katja , Beckmann Manuela , Hempel Klaus 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThis overview highlights recent progress in the field of selective construction of linear, oligonuclear transition‐metal complexes by using solid‐phase synthesis procedures. Two general protocols have been identified: formation of coordinative bonds between metal centres and bridging ligands and formation of covalent bonds between preformed kinetically inert transition‐metal‐containing building blocks in the chain growth step. Currently available suitable building blocks for the second approach are based on ferrocene units, bis(terpyridine)–ruthenium(II) moieties or metal porphyrins.
Enabling Continuous‐Flow Chemistry in Microstructured Devices for Pharmaceutical and Fine‐Chemical Production
Authors: Kockmann Norbert , Gottsponer Michael , Zimmermann Bertin , Roberge Dominique M. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractMicrostructured devices offer unique transport capabilities for rapid mixing, enhanced heat and mass transfer and can handle small amounts of dangerous or unstable materials. The integration of reaction kinetics into fluid dynamics and transport phenomena is essential for successful application from process design in laboratory to chemical production. Strategies to implement production campaigns up to tons of pharmaceutical chemicals are discussed, based on Lonza projects.
Anion Binding and Luminescent Sensing using Cationic Ruthenium(II) Aminopyridine Complexes
Authors: Dickson Sara Jane , Paterson Martin J. , Willans Charlotte E. , Anderson Kirsty M. , Steed Jonathan W. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe synthesis of a series of ruthenium(II) based anion sensors of the type [Ru(η6‐C6H4MeCHMe2)Cl(L)2][BF4] (2) is reported in which ligand L represents a series of substituted pyridinylmethyl–amine derivatives. The carbazole based ligand L3 exhibits a fluorescent intraligand charge‐transfer (ILCT) state that is quenched by ligand‐to‐metal charge transfer (LMCT) upon coordination to ruthenium in the 1:1 complex [Ru(η6‐C6H4MeCHMe2)Cl2(L3)] (1 c). The 1:2 complex 2 c is fluorescent, however, and acts as a fluorescent anion sensor because of the mixing of an anion‐dependent charge‐transfer component into the excited state. The 1:2 complexes of type 2 all exhibit interesting low symmetry 1H NMR spectra that also are a useful handle on anion complexation. The electronic structures of L3, 1 c and 2 c have been probed by time‐dependent DFT calculations.
Hospital Laundry Wastewater Disinfection with Catalytic Photoozonation
Authors: Kist Lourdes Teresinha , Albrecht Caroline , Machado Ênio Leandro 
Published: July 2008

AbstractWastewater production in a hospital laundry and the treatment of the most critical wastewater stream, are assessed. Hospital laundry wastewaters are hazardous to the environment due to their high pollutant concentrations and the chemicals added during the clothes washing process. Heterogeneous photocatalysis with UV, O3 and TiO2 and their possible combinations were used for disinfection purposes. A ramp‐type reactor was used for TiO2 (P25 Degussa) fixation and for photochemical diffusion of the ozonized air. After assessing 5‐day biological oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, pH, turbidity, and surfactant content, and checking for the presence of thermotolerant coliforms and Escherichia coli, it was concluded that UV/O3/TiO2 was the best process/combination, yielding a 100% disinfection rate and a microbiological inactivation of 0.5070 min–1 for E. coli and of 0.5505 min–1 for thermotolerant coliforms.
Chromatographic Separation and Analytic Procedure for Priority Organic Pollutants in Urban Air
Authors: Ozcan Senar , Aydin Mehmet Emin , Tor Ali 
Published: July 2008

AbstractA separation procedure was developed for analysis of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in urban air, while simultaneously eliminating the interfering compounds. This was carried out by optimization of a column chromatograph with regard to the eluent type (n‐hexane and n‐pentane), volume of eluent, type of sorbent material (silica gel and florisil) and activation level of the sorbent material. The determination of the level of PCBs and PAHs was carried out using gas chromatography (GC) equipped with a mass selective detector (MSD), while determination of the OCPs was carried out by GC equipped with an electron capture detector (μ‐ECD). The use of a silica gel column (10 g, 5% deactivated with H2O) with 70 mL of n‐hexane gave satisfactory separation of PCBs from PAHs and OCPs. After collecting the PCBs with 70 mL of n‐hexane, 3·20 mL of n‐hexane:ethyl acetate, (1:1, v:v) was adequate for elution of the PAHs and OCPs from the column. The primary aim of this study was to develop a multimethod for analyses of PCBs, PAHs, and OCPs in urban air as well as reducing solvent and sorbent consumption and analysis time during the clean‐up procedure compared to the US EPA standard methods (EPA methods TO‐13A for PAHs and TO‐4A for both PCBs and OCPs).