bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bone formation at recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein‐2‐coated titanium implants in the posterior maxilla (Type IV bone) in non‐human primates
Authors: Wikesjö Ulf M. E. , Huang Yi‐Hao , Xiropaidis Andreas V. , Sorensen Rachel G. , Rohrer Michael D. , Prasad Hari S. , Wozney John M. , Hall Jan 
Published: October 2008

AbstractBackground: Studies using ectopic rodent and orthotopic canine models (Type II bone) have shown that titanium porous oxide (TPO) surface implants adsorbed with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein‐2 (rhBMP‐2) induce local bone formation including osseointegration. The objective of this study was to evaluate local bone formation and osseointegration at such implants placed into Type IV bone.Material and Methods: rhBMP‐2‐coated implants were installed into the edentulated posterior maxilla in eight young adult Cynomolgus monkeys: four animals each received three TPO implants adsorbed with rhBMP‐2 (2.0 mg/ml) and four animals each received three TPO implants adsorbed with rhBMP‐2 (0.2 mg/ml). Contra‐lateral jaw quadrants received three TPO implants without rhBMP‐2 (control). Treatments were alternated between left and right jaw quadrants. Mucosal flaps were advanced and sutured to submerge the implants. The animals received fluorescent bone markers at weeks 2, 3, 4, and at week 16 when they were euthanized for histologic analysis.Results: Clinical healing was uneventful. Extensive local bone formation was observed in animals receiving implants adsorbed with rhBMP‐2 (2.0 mg/ml). The newly formed bone exhibited a specific pinpoint bone–implant contact pattern regardless of rhBMP‐2 concentration resulting in significant osseointegration; rhBMP‐2 (2.0 mg/ml): 43% and rhBMP‐2 (0.2 mg/ml): 37%. Control implants exhibited a thin layer of bone covering a relatively larger portion of the implant threads. Thus, TPO control implants bone exhibited significantly greater bone–implant contact (∼75%; p<0.05). There were no statistically significant differences between rhBMP‐2‐coated and control implants relative to any other parameter including peri‐implant and intra‐thread bone density.Conclusion: rhBMP‐2‐coated TPO implants enhanced/accelerated local bone formation in Type IV bone in a dose‐dependent fashion in non‐human primates resulting in significant osseointegration. rhBMP‐2‐induced de novo bone formation did not reach the level of osseointegration observed in native resident bone within the 16‐week interval.
Pigmented epithelioid melanocytoma: report of first Japanese cases previously diagnosed as cellular blue nevus
Authors: Ito Keigo , Mihm Martin C. 
Published: October 2008

Background:  The term ‘pigmented epithelioid melanocytoma (PEM)’ was recently used for borderline melanocytic tumor/low‐grade melanoma including cases previously diagnosed as human animal‐type melanoma and epithelioid blue nevus. No Japanese cases have been reported.Methods:  We reviewed 219 cases previously diagnosed as blue nevus in Japan. Common blue nevus was identified in 154 cases and cellular blue nevus in 65 cases.Results:  We have found two Japanese cases of PEM previously diagnosed as cellular blue nevus. Two patients were female. The age at presentation was 32 and 28 years. Two lesions were on the buttock. Two cases fulfilled histological criteria proposed for PEM. There is no evidence of recurrence or metastases.Conclusions:  PEM is a distinct melanocytic tumor and the unifying diagnostic term. PEM is present in Japanese, but these cases may be previously diagnosed as cellular blue nevus. Japanese pathologists should recognize a new concept of PEM, and when they make a diagnosis of PEM, they should be recommended sentinel lymph node sampling.
Oxidative stress causes alveolar bone loss in metabolic syndrome model mice with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Ohnishi T. , Bandow K. , Kakimoto K. , Machigashira M. , Matsuyama T. , Matsuguchi T. 
Published: October 2008

Background and Objective:  Alveolar bone loss is caused by a host response to periodontal pathogens, and its progression is often enhanced by systemic conditions such as insulin resistance.Alveolar bone dehiscence has been observed in KK‐Ay mice, which are metabolic syndrome model mice with type 2 diabetes. The aim of this study was to investigate inducements responsible for alveolar bone dehiscence in the KK‐Ay mice.Material and Methods:  The expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase in the mandibles of mice was detected using immunohistochemical staining and the reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction. After administration of N‐acetylcysteine, an antioxidant, to KK‐Ay mice, alveolar bone loss and the expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase protein in gingival keratinocytes and of hydrogen peroxide concentrations in plasma, were analyzed. The effect of hydrogen peroxide on endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression in keratinocytes was examined using cultured keratinocytes.Results:  The expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase was decreased in gingival keratinocytes from KK‐Ay mice compared with gingival keratinocytes from control mice. Administration of N‐acetylcysteine to the mice restored endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression in the gingival keratinocytes, suppressed the alveolar bone loss and decreased the hydrogen peroxide concentrations in plasma without the improvement of obesity or diabetes. In vitro, stimulation with hydrogen peroxide decreased the expression level of endothelial nitric oxide synthase in cultured keratinocytes, which was restored by the addition of N‐acetylcysteine.Conclusion:  Reactive oxygen species, such as hydrogen peroxide, are responsible for the alveolar bone loss accompanied by decreased endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression in KK‐Ay mice. Therefore, we propose a working hypothesis that the generation of oxidative stress is an underlying systemic condition that enhances alveolar bone loss in periodontitis occurring as a complication of diabetes.
Validation of a dental image analyzer tool to measure alveolar bone loss in periodontitis patients
Authors: Teeuw W. J. , Coelho L. , Silva A. , Van Der Palen C. J. N. M. , Lessmann F. G. J. M. , Van Der Velden U. , Loos B. G. 
Published: October 2008

Background and Objective:  Radiographs are an essential adjunct to the clinical examination for periodontal diagnoses. Over the past few years, digital radiographs have become available for use in clinical practice. Therefore, the present study investigated whether measuring alveolar bone loss, using digital radiographs with a newly constructed dental image analyzer tool was comparable to the conventional method, using intra‐oral radiographs on film, a light box and a Schei ruler.Material and Methods:  Alveolar bone loss of the mesial and distal sites of 60 randomly selected teeth from 12 patients with periodontitis was measured using the conventional method, and then using the dental image analyzer tool, by five dentists. The conventional method scored bone loss in categories of 10% increments relative to the total root length, whereas the software dental image analyzer tool calculated bone loss in 0.1% increments relative to the total root length after crucial landmarks were identified.Results:  Both methods showed a high interobserver reliability for bone loss measurements in nonmolar and molar sites (intraclass correlation coefficient ≥ 0.88). Also, a high reliability between both methods was demonstrated (intraclass correlation coefficient nonmolar sites, 0.98; intraclass correlation coefficient molar sites, 0.95). In addition, the new dental image analyzer tool showed a high sensitivity (1.00) and a high specificity (0.91) in selecting teeth with ≥ 50% or < 50% alveolar bone loss in comparison with the conventional method.Conclusion:  This study provides evidence that, if digital radiographs are available, the dental image analyzer tool can reliably replace the conventional method for measuring alveolar bone loss in periodontitis patients.
Cytokines differentially regulate CXCL10 production by interferon‐γ‐stimulated or tumor necrosis factor‐α‐stimulated human gingival fibroblasts
Authors: Hosokawa Y. , Hosokawa I. , Ozaki K. , Nakae H. , Matsuo T. 
Published: October 2008

Background and Objective:  CXC chemokine 10 (CXCL10) activates CXC chemokine receptor 3 (CXCR3) and attracts activated T‐helper 1 cells. In this study we examined the effects of cytokines on CXCL10 production by human gingival fibroblasts.Material and Methods:  Human gingival fibroblasts were exposed to pro‐inflammatory cytokines (interleukin‐1β, tumor necrosis factor‐α), a T‐helper 1 cytokine (interferon‐γ), T‐helper 2 cytokines (interleukin‐4, interleukin‐13), T‐helper 17 cytokines (interleukin‐17A, interleukin‐22) and regulatory T‐cell cytokines (interleukin‐10, transforming growth factor‐β1) for 24 h. CXCL10 production by human gingival fibroblasts was examined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.Results:  Human gingival fibroblasts produced CXCL10 protein upon stimulation with interleukin‐1β, tumor necrosis factor‐α and interferon‐γ. Treatment of human gingival fibroblasts with interferon‐γ in combination with tumor necrosis factor‐α or interleukin‐1β resulted in a synergistic production of CXCL10. However, interleukin‐4 and interleukin‐13 inhibited CXCL10 production by interferon‐γ‐stimulated or tumor necrosis factor‐α‐stimulated‐human gingival fibroblasts. On the other hand, interleukin‐17A and interleukin‐22 enhanced CXCL10 production by human gingival fibroblasts treated with interferon‐γ and inhibited CXCL10 production by tumor necrosis factor‐α‐stimulated human gingival fibroblasts. Furthermore, the anti‐inflammatory cytokine, interleukin‐10, inhibited CXCL10 production by both interferon‐γ‐ and tumor necrosis factor‐α‐stimulated human gingival fibroblasts, but transforming growth factor‐β1 enhanced interferon‐γ‐mediated CXCL10 production by human gingival fibroblasts.Conclusion:  These results mean that the balance of cytokines in periodontally diseased tissue may be essential for the control of CXCL10 production by human gingival fibroblasts, and the production of CXCL10 might be important for the regulation of T‐helper 1 cell infiltration in periodontally diseased tissue.
Elevation of C‐reactive protein and interleukin‐6 in plasma of patients with aggressive periodontitis
Authors: Sun X. J. , Meng H. X. , Shi D. , Xu L. , Zhang L. , Chen Z. B. , Feng X. H. , Lu R. F. , Ren X. Y. 
Published: October 2008

Background and Objective:  Systemic levels of C‐reactive protein and interleukin‐6 have been reported to be elevated in patients with periodontitis compared with periodontally healthy individuals. Most studies included patients with chronic periodontitis and comprised predominantly Caucasians. The aim of this study was to determine the relative levels of C‐reactive protein and interleukin‐6 in plasma of patients with aggressive periodontitis in China and to examine the relationships between these two inflammatory mediators and clinical parameters, peripheral blood cells and protein variables.Material and Methods:  Plasma samples were collected from 84 patients with aggressive periodontitis and from 65 control subjects. Periodontal examination consisted of taking probing depth and attachment loss measurements. The levels of plasma C‐reactive protein and interleukin‐6 were determined using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays.Results:  The levels of plasma C‐reactive protein in patients with aggressive periodontitis were significantly higher than those in control subjects (1.87 vs. 0.52 mg/L). The level of plasma interleukin‐6 in patients with aggressive periodontitis was 1.20 pg/mL, higher than that in control subjects (0.08 pg/mL). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that log C‐reactive protein was significantly related to severe sites percentage and albumin following correction for age, gender, body mass index and smoking (p = 0.000, p = 0.008, respectively). Log interleukin‐6 was found to be significantly correlated with periodontal diagnosis, leukocyte count and level of fasting blood glucose after adjusting for the confounders (p = 0.000, p = 0.009 and p = 0.013, respectively).Conclusion:  Patients with aggressive periodontitis have significantly elevated levels of plasma C‐reactive protein and interleukin‐6. These elevated inflammatory factors might potentially increase the risk for cardiovascular events and glucose dysregulation in relatively young individuals.
Factors affecting human supragingival biofilm composition. I. Plaque mass
Authors: Haffajee A. D. , Teles R. P. , Patel M. R. , Song X. , Veiga N. , Socransky S. S. 
Published: October 2008

Background and Objective:  Little is known about the factors that affect the microbial composition of supragingival biofilms. This study was designed to examine the relationship between total DNA probe counts of supragingival biofilm samples, clinical parameters and supragingival biofilm composition.Material and Methods:  Supragingival plaque samples were taken from 187 systemically healthy adult subjects (n = 4745 samples). All samples were individually analyzed for their content of 40 bacterial species using checkerboard DNA–DNA hybridization. The relationship between total DNA probe counts and microbial composition was examined by subsetting the data into 10 groups based on 10 percentile increments of the total DNA probe counts. Differences among groups in terms of species counts and proportions were sought, as well as relationships of total plaque DNA probe count and clinical parameters.Results:  There was a wide distribution in mean total DNA probe counts among the 187 subjects. With increasing total plaque levels there was a change in the proportions of individual species and microbial complexes. ‘Small plaques’ were characterized by high proportions of species in the yellow, orange, purple and ‘other’ complexes; plaques of moderate mass were characterized by high proportions of Actinomyces and purple complex species, while ‘large plaques’ exhibited increased proportions of green and orange complex species. Measures of gingival inflammation, pocket depth and recession were significantly positively associated with total DNA probe counts. Increased plaque numbers were related to increased pocket depth irrespective of presence or absence of gingival inflammation.Conclusion:  The proportions of individual species and microbial complexes in supragingival biofilms are influenced by the total numbers of organisms in the biofilm.
Multiplexed immunobead‐based assay for detection of oral cancer protein biomarkers in saliva
Authors: Arellano‐Garcia ME , Hu S , Wang J , Henson B , Zhou H , Chia D , Wong DT 
Published: October 2008

Objective:  For clinical applications of biomarkers, there is a need for multiplex assays using high throughput platforms. The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of Luminex Multianalyte Profiling (xMAP) technology for measurement of salivary proteins and to evaluate whether multiplex assays are as effective as single‐plex assays and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results:  The average levels of interleukin‐8 (IL‐8) from the single‐plex assay were 3313.2 ± 3759.8 pg ml−1 [oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), n = 20] and 1061.7 ± 1978.8 pg ml−1 (control, n = 20). The IL‐1β average levels from the single‐plex assay were 945.2 ± 1134.8 pg ml−1 (OSCC, n = 20) and 314.2 ± 444.8 pg ml−1 (control, n = 20). The average levels of IL‐8 from the multiplex assay were 2834.9 ± 3385.6 pg ml−1 (OSCC, n = 20) and 947.3 ± 2036.8 pg ml−1 (control, n = 20). The IL‐1β average levels from the multiplex assay were 1013.5 ± 1221.1 pg ml−1 (OSCC, n = 20) and 376.3 ± 576.3 pg ml−1 (control, n = 20). The correlation coefficient between Luminex and ELISA assay for IL‐8 (n = 19) and IL‐1β (n = 19) was 0.91 and 0.84, respectively.Conclusion:  Luminex xMAP single‐plex and multiplex assays are as effective as ELISA assays for quantification of proteins in saliva. Both IL‐8 and IL‐1β were expressed at significantly higher levels in OSCC subjects than in the matched healthy control subjects.
Identification of an antihypertensive peptide derived from chicken bone extract
Authors: NAKADE Koji , KAMISHIMA Ryosuke , INOUE Yusuke , AHHMED Abdulatef , KAWAHARA Satoshi , NAKAYAMA Tatsuo , MARUYAMA Masugi , NUMATA Masahiro , OHTA Kazuyoshi , AOKI Takayoshi , MUGURUMA Michio 
Published: October 2008

ABSTRACTA novel angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory peptide was isolated and purified from chicken bone extract by enzymatic digestion. The peptide was defined as an ACE inhibitor, and it demonstrated antihypertensive activity following oral administration to spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). The results of this study suggest that peptides derived from an extract of chicken bones, administered orally, have the ability to reduce the blood pressure of SHRs significantly over a short period of time (3 h). Moreover, the blood pressure then remains low for 3 h. This peptide derived from chicken bones may therefore have great value as a short‐term remedy for chronic conditions such as high blood pressure. The amino acid sequence of the peptide was YYRA (Tyr‐Tyr‐Arg‐Ala), which was the origin of the Ig heavy chain V region (27–30 position). The IC50 value of its synthetic peptide was 33.9 μg/mL. We suggest that the ACE inhibitory and antihypertensive peptides derived from chicken bone extract may contribute to develop physiologically functional foods or improve food functionality.
Structural weakening of intramuscular connective tissue during postmortem aging of pork
Authors: NISHIMURA Takanori , FANG Suhong , ITO Toshiaki , WAKAMATSU Jun‐ichi , TAKAHASHI Koui 
Published: October 2008

ABSTRACTWe studied structural changes in the endomysium and perimysium during postmortem aging of pork using the cell‐maceration/scanning electron microscope method. Immediately post mortem, endomysia sheaths that house individual muscle fibers displayed a honeycomb‐like structure. The sheaths of the endomysium consisted of tightly arranged collagen fibrils in a random network. The perimysium comprised several layers of wavy sheets made up of tightly bundled collagen fibers. While the structure of the intramuscular connective tissues remained almost unchanged up to five days post mortem, the endomysium had resolved into individual collagen fibrils, and the thick sheets of the perimysium had separated into collagen fibers and fibrils at 8 days post mortem. These results provide direct evidence for structural weakening of the endomysium and perimysium during postmortem aging of pork. The shear‐force value of raw pork decreased rapidly within six days post mortem and then decreased slowly until 14 days post mortem. Since the rapid increase in tenderness is mainly due to structural weakening of myofibrils, we conclude that the disintegration of the endomysium and perimysium contributes to tenderization of pork during extended postmortem aging.
The effect of approach direction and pace on flight distance of beef breeding cows
Authors: KOSAKO Takami , FUKASAWA Michiru , KOHARI Daisuke , OIKAWA Kumiko , TSUKADA Hideharu 
Published: October 2008

ABSTRACTThe aim of this study is to determine the effect of approach direction and pace on flight distance of beef breeding cows. Five Japanese Black breeding cows were used as experimental cattle. Three approach directions were tested; that were the approach toward the head of the test cow from the front direction (FRONT), the approach toward to the foreleg of the test cow from the right or left (SIDE) and the approach toward to hind‐leg of the test cow diagonally from the right or left rear (BACK). Three levels of approach pace were also tested; that were the approach at a pace of 7 km/h, the approach at a pace of 4 km/h, and the approach at a pace of 1 km/h. The shortest distance between observer and cow's at the moment of the cow's withdrawal was defined as the flight distance. The flight distance in FRONT was significantly shorter than that in SIDE. The effect of the approach pace was significant. The faster an observer approached to cow, the greater the flight distance shown by the cow. The manner of approach to cattle markedly affects the flight distance. Therefore, the manner of approach to cattle must be standardized to measure flight distance for sharing results obtained by several researchers under various conditions.
Effects of feeding fermented fish on egg cholesterol content in hens
Authors: LOH Teck‐Chwen , LAW Fang‐Ling , GOH Yong‐Meng , FOO Hooi‐Ling , ZULKIFLI Idrus 
Published: October 2008

ABSTRACTThis study was conducted to investigate the effects of feeding fermented fish (FF) to layers on laying performance, and polyunsaturated fatty acid and cholesterol levels in eggs and plasma. A total of 96, 13‐week‐old Babcock B380 pullets were used in this study. They were randomly assigned to four numerically equal groups with eight replicates per treatment, three birds per replicate. All the birds were housed in individual cages. The dietary treatments were: Control diet, without FF; FF3 diet containing 3% (w/w) FF, FF6 diet containing 6% (w/w) FF and FF9 diet containing 9% (w/w) FF. The study was carried out for 16 weeks inclusive of two weeks of adjustment. Weekly feed intake and egg production were recorded. Blood plasma cholesterol and fatty acid profiles were assayed at the end of the experiment. FF did not enhance (P > 0.05) egg mass but (P < 0.05) decreased egg weight slightly. However, egg yolk cholesterol and plasma cholesterol concentrations were reduced (P < 0.05) by FF. The n‐6:n‐3 fatty acids ratio in the egg yolk (Control = 7.9, FF9 = 6.2) and plasma (Control = 10.6, FF9 = 6.2) were decreased by feeding FF. Moreover, FF was able to increase (P < 0.05) the docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) concentrations in egg yolk and plasma. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that FF increased DHA and reduced egg yolk cholesterol in poultry eggs.
The degree of tongue‐coating reflects lingual motor function in the elderly
Authors: Kikutani Takeshi , Tamura Fumiyo , Nishiwaki Keiko , Suda Makio , Kayanaka Hisae , Machida Reiko , Yoshida Mitsuyoshi , Akagawa Yasumasa 
Published: October 2008

Objectives:  The aim of this study was to examine the relation between the degree of tongue‐coating and oral function.Background:  Tongue‐coating is a moss‐like deposit which forms over the tongue surface, and includes micro‐organisms, food residues, and abrasive epithelia. It is considered that motor function of the tongue and lips and saliva secretion decrease in the aged and have some effect on the accumulation of tongue‐coating. Although saliva secretion has been reported as a factor amongst these oral functions in contributing to tongue‐coating, the correlation with the motor function of oral structures is unknown.Subjects and methods:  The factors that contribute to the accumulation of tongue‐coating were examined in 48 subjects of advanced age (mean age 80.8 ± 7.8 years) with no severe levels of periodontal disease. Changes in the degree of tongue‐coating were also examined after oral functional training in these subjects. The frequency of oral cleaning, status of oral hygiene, motor function of the tongue, and masticatory performance were examined as potential factors associated with the degree of coating.Results:  The results showed that tongue pressure and the frequency of oral diadochokinesis measured by pronouncing the single syllable ‘ka’ as an indicator were statistically significantly correlated with the degree of tongue‐coating. Several factors in oral function improved with training, and also the degree of tongue‐coating decreased in 27 subjects.Conclusion:  These results suggest a correlation between the degree of tongue‐coating and a reduction in lingual motor function and, in addition, possible improvement in level of coating by functional training of the tongue.