bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Age‐specific prevalence of antibodies to pyrimidine kinase enzymes of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2, and of varicella zoster virus
Authors: Bardy Bernhard , Seuna Leila , Hovi Tapani 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe age‐specific prevalence of antibodies to pyrimidine kinase enzymes of herpes simplex virus types 1 (HSV‐1) and 2 (HSV‐2) and of varicella zoster virus (VZV) was measured in serum specimens from 360 persons. Specific inhibition of viral enzyme activity by the serum was used as an indication of the presence of antibodies to the enzyme. For HSV‐1 and HSV‐2 together the overall prevalence of positive sera increased with age and reached about 50% in the older age groups, the major part of the positive sera being HSV‐1 positive. Sera inhibitory to the VZV pyrimidine kinase enzyme were detected only sporadically. Six percent of the tested sera repeatedly inhibited the cytosolar corresponding enzyme of uninfected host cells by an unidentified mechanism. The results of the pyrimidine kinase antibody‐assay test were compared to those obtained by complement fixation (CF) and enzyme immunoassay (EIA) in a separate set of 50 sera. The correlation between the CF and the EIA tests was good in this selected serum set with CF titres from < 8 to 64. Twenty‐four percent of the CF positive sera were negative by the pyrimidine kinase antibody assay, while all pyrimidine‐kinase‐antibody‐positive sera also had antibodies detectable by the two other methods. These results confirm and extend earlier observations on the occurrence of antibodies in human sera to HSV and VZV pyrimidine kinase enzymes.
A controlled trial for evaluating two live attenuated mumps‐measles vaccines (Urabe Am 9‐Schwarz and Jeryl Lynn‐Moraten) in young children
Authors: Popow‐Kraupp Therese , Kundi Michael , Ambrosch Franz , Vanura Hanns , Kunz Christian 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA prospective, randomised clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of two live attenuated mumps‐measles vaccines, the Urabe Am 9‐Schwarz and the Jeryl Lynn‐Moraten vaccine, in 400 young children aged 9 months‐4.5 years (median 13.4 months). Antibody responses to both vaccine components were measured by the enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); 96.9% of the seronegative children who received the Urabe Am 9‐Schwarz vaccine showed satisfactory mumps antibody responses compared to 90% of the Jeryl Lynn‐Moraten vaccine recipients (P < .01). Similar proportions of both groups, 98.5% and 96.8%, respectively, developed measles virus specific antibodies. Both vaccines were equally well tolerated and clinically acceptable.
Serological diagnosis of acute delta hepatitis
Authors: Buti María , Esteban Rafael , Jardí Rosendo , Esteban Juan‐Lgnacio , Guardia Jaime 
Published: March 2007

AbstractSixty‐three intravenous drug addicts with HBsAg positive hepatitis were studied to evaluate the diagnostic usefulness of hepatitis delta virus (HDV) markers for diagnosis of acute HDV infection. Patients were tested for HBsAg, anti‐HBc‐IgM, and anti‐HD‐IgM by radioimmunoassay (RIA), and for hepatitis delta antigen (HD‐Ag) by a commercial enzyme‐linked immunoassay (ELISA). At least two serum samples at a mean interval of 4 wk were examined from each patient. HDV markers were found in 41 cases. In the first serum sample (obtained within 1–5 wk after onset of illness) HD‐Ag was found in 32 cases and was the only HDV marker in 22; in the remaining 10 cases, HD‐Ag was found along with total anti‐HD, and in 6 of them anti‐HD‐IgM was also detected. Five additional patients were only positive for total anti‐HD, and anti‐HD of the IgM class was the only marker in one patient. HD‐Ag was found more often in the patients studied during the first 2 wk of illness.In the second serum sample, HD‐Ag was never the only marker detected, seven patients were still positive, and in all of them anti‐HD was also present. Thirty patients were only positive for anti‐HD. Seroconversion from HD‐Ag to anti‐HD occurred in 20 of 22 (91 %) patients.The results suggest that HD‐Ag determination by ELISA in the initial serum sample, during the first 2 wk of illness, may be the most sensitive test for the diagnosis of acute delta infection, and that seroconversion to anti‐HD usually occurs after the sixth week of illness.
Development of a competitive enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay for detecting cytomegalovirus antibody
Authors: Wreghitt T. G. , Hicks Joanna , Gray J. J. , O'Connor Candice 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA competitive enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detecting cytomegalovirus (CMV) antibody was developed. The competitive ELISA was five times more sensitive than the complement fixation test (CFT) and twice as sensitive as indirect ELISA. Testing of paired sera from cardiac transplant patients taken before and after transplantation showed good correlation between results of competitive and indirect ELISA and CFT. The competitive ELISA was more successful than CFT or indirect ELISA in detecting passively acquired antibody, but detection of CMV antibody by competitive ELISA immediately after primary CMV infection was unreliable, possibly because of the high affinity of the monoclonal antibody chosen for the horseradish peroxidase conjugate. However, competitive ELISA may well prove to be more suitable than indirect ELISA for detecting CMV antibody in blood donations.
Immunological reactivity of human sera with individual herpes simplex proteins: A comparative study of sera from patients with preinvasive or invasive cervical cancer and from controls
Authors: Teglbjaerg Christense S. , Feldborg Ruth , Norrild Bodil 
Published: March 2007

AbstractForty‐three human sera collected from patients with preinvasive or invasive cervical carcinoma were analyzed for their repertoire of herpes simplex virus (HSV) specific antibodies reactive with individual viral HSV‐1 and HSV‐2 proteins. The reactivity was compared to that of sera from 27 control persons.The patients and controls were clinically and histologically characterized in a previous study we carried out, where the analysis of the HLA‐antigen pattern was compared among the groups [Vass‐Sørensen, 1984]. Immunoprecipitation analysis showed that only a subset of the infected cell proteins was precipitable by the human sera. The major proteins identified in the polyacrylamide gels were the glycoproteins B and D, the ICP‐5 and ICP‐8. There was no difference between the results obtained with patients and control sera. Immunoblot analysis showed that a different subset of HSV proteins reacted with the human sera, but the variability among individuals was significant. Rank data showed that sera from both patients and controls reacted most frequently with proteins belonging to the “35‐family” [Braun et al, 1984] and with the glycoproteins B and D of HSV‐1 and HSV‐2.
Diagnostic significance of anti‐HBc IgM (RIA) in healthy HBsAg carriers and in chronic hepatitis B
Authors: Surrenti C. , Ambu S. , Patussi V. , Milani S. , Casini A. , Zacchi P. , Ceccatelli P. , Cefaratti C. , D'Agata A. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe diagnostic significance of IgM antibody against hepatitis B core antigen (anti‐HBc) in healthy hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) carriers and in subjects affected by chronic hepatitis B was evaluated. IgM anti‐HBc was sought and found in all nine patients examined who were affected by acute HBsAg‐positive hepatitis. It was also detected in 2 out of 18 patients with HBsAg‐positive chronic persistent hepatitis and in 12 out of 42 patients affected by HBsAg‐positive chronic active hepatitis. The absence of this marker was noted in all 26 HBsAg healthy carriers and in the subjects with HBsAg‐positive cirrhosis.No relationship was found between the presence of IgM anti‐HBc and the degree of inflammatory activity in the patients with HBsAg‐positive chronic active hepatitis. A correlation was not found between the presence of IgM anti‐HBc and the presence of hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) in the same patients.These data show that the absence of IgM anti‐HBc may be useful in identifying healthy carriers of HBsAg. The presence of this antibody may be a suitable indication of acute HBsAg‐positive hepatitis.In patients with chronic active hepatitis B the presence of IgM anti‐HBc cannot be used as diagnostic tool in predicting the severity of liver disease.
Typing and subtyping of herpes simplex isolates by monoclonal fluorescence
Authors: Sutherland S. , Morgan B. , Mindel A. , Chan W. L. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe type specificity of 16 herpes simplex monoclonal antibodies was tested on 50 isolates previously typed by endonuclease restriction. A panel of antibodies was selected and used to type isolates from 50 primary and 50 recurrent genital infections. Sixty‐four isolates from 18 patients followed up for six months were subtyped by using a larger panel of monoclonal antibodies and predominant HSV1 and HSV2 subtypes were demonstrated. In addition to confirming recurrences, four possible reinfections were identified. Type‐specific differences in the location of viral antigens in infected cells were noted and a possible association of this finding with the type‐specific differences in rates of recurrence of genital infections discussed.
Role of Calomys musculinus peritoneal macrophages in age‐related resistance to junin virus infection
Authors: Coulombié Félix C. , Alché Laura E. , Lampuri Jorge S. , Coto Celia E. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractIn nature, the cricetid Calomys musculinus is the principal host of Junin virus, the etiological agent of Argentine hemorrhagic fever. In the experimental infection, adult C. musculinus survived whereas newborns died after intraperitoneal inoculation with the XJ.Cl3 strain of Junin virus. The role of peritoneal macrophages in this age‐related resistance was studied.Junin virus multiplied in cultivated macrophages from either neonatal or adult animals and, therefore, it was not possible to correlate the susceptibility of peritoneal macrophages to Junin virus infection with the age‐dependent resistance. When adult and neonatal animals were treated with silica prior to Junin virus infection, deaths occurred in the adults, while a delay and decrease in the mortality rate were observed in neonatals.These results suggest that in neonatal C. musculinus macrophages could be permissive cells for Junin virus multiplication, whereas in adult cricetids, these cells would act as a barrier against viral infection by means of an extrinsic antiviral activity.
Baseline seroepidemiology of hepatitis B virus infection in children in Taipei, 1984: A study just before mass hepatitis B vaccination program in Taiwan
Authors: Hsu Hong‐Yuan , Chang Mei‐Hwei , Chen Ding‐Shinn , Lee Ching‐Yun , Sung Juei‐Low 
Published: March 2007

AbstractHepatitis B virus (HBV) markers were studied by radioimmunoassays in serum samples of 1,200 (647 male, 553 female) apparently healthy children under 15 years of age in Taipei between June and October 1984. The prevalence rate of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) was 5.1% in infancy, increased to 10.7% between 1 and 2 years of age, and then remained constant at about 10% thereafter. The prevalence rate of surface antibody (anti‐HBs), core antibody (anti‐HBc), and seropositivity (at least one marker of hepatitis B detectable) were 39.0, 30.5, and 52.5%, respectively, in infancy, then decreased to 10.7, 14.3, and 17.9%, respectively, between 1 and 2 years of age. Thereafter, the antibody prevalence increased in parallel with age. By the age of 13–14 years, nearly half of the children were infected by HBV. The results suggested that in our children, most HBsAg carriers resulted from infections before 3 years of age, and HBV infections after 3 years of age infrequently resulted in a carrier state. One hundred (83.3%) of the 120 HBsAg‐positive children had hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg), indicating high prevalence in young asymptomatic HBsAg carriers. The prevalence rate of HBeAg tended to decrease with age and a reversed trend was observed with anti‐HBe. Our study, just before our government extends mass hepatitis B vaccination program from newborns to children, provides background seroepidemiologic data of HBV infections in the healthy children in Taiwan.
Prevalence of delta infection in the western pacific region
Authors: Dimitrakakis Mary , Crowe Suzanne , Gust Ian 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe prevalence of coinfection and superinfection with the delta agent was studied in 2,645 hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)‐positive subjects from six countries and nine islands in the Western Pacific region. The study group comprised 262 patients with acute hepatitis B and 2,383 chronic carriers of HBsAg, of whom 278 were suffering from chronic liver disease or primary hepatocellular carcinoma. While major foci of infection were observed in Nauru, Niue, and Western Samoa, delta infection appears to be uncommon in other parts of the region.
Epstein‐barr virus serology in bone marrow transplantations: A one‐year retrospective study with detection of EBV IgM‐VCA‐specific antibodies
Authors: Morinet F. , Icart J. , Ruelle C. , Gluckman E. , Perol Y. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe specific antibody response to Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) antigens of 41 bone marrow transplant recipients with leukemia or aplastic anemia was examined retrospectively by immunofluorescence test (IF) over 1 year. We observed high titers (> 640) of IgG‐viral capsid antigen (VCA) with emergence of IgG‐early antigen (EA) and frequent absence or low levels of Epstein‐Barr nuclear antigen (EBNA) antibodies. After absorption to remove rheumatoid factor (RF), five of the 41 recipients had IgM‐VCA antibody to EBV, which appeared between weeks 26 and 48 after BMT and persisted for 1–4 months. No heterophil antibodies were detected in these sera, and none of the five recipients had a history of infectious mononucleosis.
Immunoprophylaxis of perinatal transmission of the hepatitis B virus: Efficacy of hepatitis B immune globulin and hepatitis B vaccine in a low‐prevalence area
Authors: Esteban J. I. , Genesca J. , Esteban R. , Hernandez J. M. , Seijo G. , Buti M. , Muniz R. , Guardia J. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractOne hundred eleven newborn infants born of Spanish hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) carrier mothers were consecutively assigned to one of three treatment groups. Group A was treated with three or four doses of hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) in one of three different schedules. Group B received one dose of hepatitis B vaccine (Hevac‐B, Pasteur) at birth and at 1, 2 and 12 months. Group C was treated with the same vaccination schedule as group B and in addition received a single dose of HBIG at birth. Comparisons were made in the 85 babies who had strictly completed the immunization schedule and had been followed for at least 12 months. The three immunization protocols were equally effective, since none of the children became a chronic HBsAg carrier or developed acute symptomatic infection. There were five transient and subclinical infections among children who received only HBIG (group A), one transient infection in group B, and one in group C. There seems to be some correlation between anti‐HBs levels and degree of protection, since all transient infections in group A occurred in the subgroups who did not maintain protective antibodies during the first 6 months. Although the percentage of responders in the two vaccinated groups did not differ significantly, children who received only vaccine reached higher antibody levels than those who also received HBIG. Our results suggest that any immunization schedule able to maintain anti‐HBs levels during the first 6 months of life would be useful to prevent mother‐to‐infant transmission of the hepatitis B virus in areas where most of the carrier women are expected to be anti‐HBe positive and hence relatively less infectious.
An inactivated hepatitis A viral vaccine of cell culture origin
Authors: Provost P. J. , Hughes J. V. , Miller W. J. , Giesa P. A. , Banker F. S. , Emini E. A. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractHepatitis A virus (HAV) strain CR326, adapted to grow in LLC‐MK2 cells, was highly purified, inactivated with formalin, adsorbed to alum, and tested for capacity to induce antibody to HAV in both mice and marmosets. The minimum dose of HAV antigen necessary to produce antibody in 50% of mice was 10 ng. As little as three doses of 1 ng each produced antibody in 50% of marmosets. Further, all marmosets with any detectable antibody to HAV, as a result of vaccination, were protected against virulent infection on challenge with HAV. Thus a highly efficacious, inactivated hepatitis A vaccine can be produced from virus grown in cell culture. Although LLC‐MK2 cells are unacceptable for use in human vaccine preparation, HAV can also be prepared in a similar manner in MRC‐5 cells, which are acceptable for human vaccine manufacture.
Different immune responses after intradermal and intramuscular administration of vaccine against tick‐borne encephalitis virus
Authors: Zoulek Gert , Roggendorf Michael , Deinhardt Friedrich , Kunz Christian 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA single multisite intradermal (ID) administration of the same dose used for regular intramuscular (IM) immunisation with vaccine against tick‐borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) resulted in seroconversion of all vaccinees within three weeks: with the regular IM schedule, two vaccinations were necessary for all vaccinees to seroconvert. After the first ID vaccination, antibodies of the IgM class against TBEV (anti‐TBEV‐IgM) were observed in all vaccinees; after the first IM vaccination, only three out of nine vaccinees showed an IgM response. The geometric mean titer (GMT) of anti‐TBEV‐IgM in seropositives was 5–20‐fold higher in the ID group and similar to that after natural infection. The GMT of antibodies of the IgG class against TBEV (anti‐TBEV‐IgG) was also higher in the ID group but with a less marked difference. Hemagglutination‐inhibiting (HI) antibodies appeared earlier and persisted longer after one or two ID injections; after a third vaccination, HI antibody levels were similar in both groups.Side effects after ID vaccination were limited to local reactions. These results indicate that follow‐up injections may be omitted or at least reduced after ID administration of the vaccine dose usually used for IM vaccination schedules. However, additional studies in larger groups of vaccinees are necessary before ID vaccination can be recommended for general use.
Junin virus access to CNS by extraneural rat inoculation
Authors: Lerman G. D. , Blejer J. L. , Oubiña J. R. , Carballal G. , Nejamkis M. R. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThis study was carried out to determine the pathways along which two strains of Junin virus (JV), the pathogenic XJV and the attenuated XJC13V, reach the CNS following IP inoculation of 2‐day‐old rats. A sequential study of infectivity and antigen distribution in peritoneal macrophages, spleen, and brain was performed. Mortality was 85% with the former strain, but only 15% with the latter. At 4–7 days PI, XJV‐infected animals had viral antigen in 10% of peritoneal macrophages. Viremia and spleen virus lasted for 10–15 days. Low brain titers were detected at day 7, with a peak at day 15. Brain antigen correlated with virus titers. In contrast, XJC13V‐infected rats, macrophage antigen appeared later and to a lesser degree (1% of cells). Viremia and spleen virus were transient, while both the titer of brain virus and the viral antigen proved lower. Antibody titers were over twofold higher for XJ‐infected animals.It is suggested that the different replication rate at the inoculation site could account for the greater ability of the XJV strain to reach the CNS. A greater antigen mass and/or more numerous antigenic determinants presented by the macrophage could explain the higher antibody titers found in XJ‐infected rats, which were unable, however, to prevent viral spread.
Mononuclear subsets during cytomegalovirus disease in renal transplant recipients treated with cyclosporine and rabbit antithymocyte globulin
Authors: Metselaar H. J. , Rothbarth Ph. H. , Wenting G. J. , Vaessen L. B. , Masurel N. , Jeekel J. , Weimar W. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe effect of cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease on mononuclear subpopulations of 49 renal transplant recipients treated with cyclosporine and prednisone are reported. Clinical overt CMV infection developed in 8/21 patients treated for rejection with rabbit antithymocyte globulin. They all showed true inversions of the T helper/T suppressor‐cytotoxic (Th/Ts‐c) ratio. A reduction of T helper cells and increase in T suppressor‐cytotoxic cells preceded clinical symptoms of CMV disease by one week. None of the 26 patients without RATG anti‐rejection treatment developed CMV disease and in only three of them an inversion of Th/Ts‐c ratio was found.
Detection of early hemagglutination inhibitory antibodies to rubella virus by pretreatment of sera with streptococcal cells
Authors: Kawano Kimiko , Yamamoto Seigo , Minamishima Yoichi 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA technique that is based on absorption of sera with streptococcal cells and hemagglutination inhibition (HI) was evaluated for its feasibility for serologic diagnosis of recent rubella. The mixture of AR1 and AW43 cells removes IgG and IgA from the kaolin‐treated sera, leaving IgM and a trace of IgA, probably oligomeric IgA. Consequently, after the absorption with streptococci, the HI antibodies are detectable exclusively in the early sera of patients with rubella. The streptococci (AR1 and AW43) have several advantages as the absorbent over the staphylucoccus (Cowan I) that has been used routinely.
Immunogenicity of a single dose of trivalent influenza vaccine including A/Philippines (H3N2): Results of a field trial
Authors: Green Manfred S. , Block Colin , Rannon Lotte 
Published: March 2007

AbstractDuring 1982, a new A(H3N2) influenza ViNS subtype, A/Philippines/2/82, was identified, and this strain was combined with previous A(HlN1) and B influenza virus strains in the trivalent inactivated vaccine recommended for the 1983‐1984 influenza season. Prior to the widescale use of this vaccine in Israel, a group of 106 young male soldiers was vaccinated under controlled conditions. Before vaccination, antibody titers greater than or equal to 1:40 were found in 14.1% against A/Philippines (H3N2), 18.1 % against A/England/333/80 (HlNl), and 13.3 % against B/Singapore/222/79. Two weeks following vaccination, 78.9% of the vaccinees for whom repeated blood samples were available, had antibody titers in this range for A/Philippines (H3N2), 92.9% for A/England (HlNl), and 80.0% for B/Singapore. The vaccine was only mildly reactogenic, and there were no cases of absence from work following vaccination. Thus the antibody response of young subjects to a single dose of a vaccine containing a new A(H3N2) subtype was found to be satisfactory, and the side effects experienced were minimal.