bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recommendations for quantitative cerebral perfusion MRI using multi‐timepoint arterial spin labeling: Acquisition, quantification, and clinical applications
Authors: Woods Joseph G. , Achten Eric , Asllani Iris , Bolar Divya S. , Dai Weiying , Detre John A. , Fan Audrey P. , Fernández‐Seara María A. , Golay Xavier , Günther Matthias , Guo Jia , Hernandez‐Garcia Luis , Ho Mai‐Lan , Juttukonda Meher R. , Lu Hanzhang , MacIntosh Bradley J. , Madhuranthakam Ananth J. , Mutsaerts Henk‐Jan , Okell Thomas W. , Parkes Laura M. , Pinter Nandor , Pinto Joana , Qin Qin , Smits Marion , Suzuki Yuriko , Thomas David L. , Van Osch Matthias J. P. , Wang Danny J. J. , Warnert Esther A. H. , Zaharchuk Greg , Zelaya Fernando , Zhao Moss , Chappell Michael A. ,   the ISMRM Perfusion Study Group
Published: April 2024

AbstractAccurate assessment of cerebral perfusion is vital for understanding the hemodynamic processes involved in various neurological disorders and guiding clinical decision‐making. This guidelines article provides a comprehensive overview of quantitative perfusion imaging of the brain using multi‐timepoint arterial spin labeling (ASL), along with recommendations for its acquisition and quantification. A major benefit of acquiring ASL data with multiple label durations and/or post‐labeling delays (PLDs) is being able to account for the effect of variable arterial transit time (ATT) on quantitative perfusion values and additionally visualize the spatial pattern of ATT itself, providing valuable clinical insights. Although multi‐timepoint data can be acquired in the same scan time as single‐PLD data with comparable perfusion measurement precision, its acquisition and postprocessing presents challenges beyond single‐PLD ASL, impeding widespread adoption. Building upon the 2015 ASL consensus article, this work highlights the protocol distinctions specific to multi‐timepoint ASL and provides robust recommendations for acquiring high‐quality data. Additionally, we propose an extended quantification model based on the 2015 consensus model and discuss relevant postprocessing options to enhance the analysis of multi‐timepoint ASL data. Furthermore, we review the potential clinical applications where multi‐timepoint ASL is expected to offer significant benefits. This article is part of a series published by the International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine (ISMRM) Perfusion Study Group, aiming to guide and inspire the advancement and utilization of ASL beyond the scope of the 2015 consensus article.
Co‐administration of probiotic and vitamin D significantly improves cognitive function in schizophrenic patients: A double‐blinded randomized controlled trial
Authors: Mohammadi Aida , Sadighi Gita , Nazeri Astaneh Ali , Tajabadi‐Ebrahimi Maryam , Dejam Tahereh 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAimManipulation of the intestinal microbiome and supplying vitamin D can attenuate psychiatric symptoms in schizophrenic patients. The current study tried to evaluate the effects of probiotic/vitamin D supplementation on the cognitive function and disease severity of schizophrenic patients.MethodsIn the present study, 70 patients (aged 18–65) with schizophrenia were recruited. Participants were randomly allocated to the placebo (n = 35) and intervention (probiotic supplements+400 IU vitamin D, n = 35) groups. Severity of disease and cognitive function (primary outcomes) were evaluated by Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) tests, respectively. Moreover, lipid profile, body mass index (BMI), gastrointestinal (GI) problems, serum C‐reactive protein (CRP), and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) were evaluated as secondary outcomes.ResultsA total of 69 patients completed the study. The MoCA score was increased by 1.96 units in the probiotic‐containing supplement group compared to the placebo (p = 0.004). Also, the percentage of subjects with MoCA score ≥ 26 rose significantly in the intervention group (p = 0.031). Moreover, TC (p = 0.011), FBS (p = 0.009), and CRP (p < 0.001) significantly decreased in the supplement group compared to the placebo. Although the probiotic supplement reduced PANSS score by 2.82 units, the difference between the study groups was not statistically significant (p = 0.247).ConclusionCo‐administration of probiotics and vitamin D has beneficial effects on the improvement of cognitive function in schizophrenic patients.
A systematic investigation of the transfer of polyphosphate/inorganic silicate flame retardants from epoxy resins to layered glass fiber‐reinforced composites and their post‐furnace flexural properties
Authors: Sunder Sruthi , Jauregui Rozo Maria , Inasu Sneha , Schartel Bernhard , Ruckdäschel Holger 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe systematic transfer of solvent‐free, additive flame retardant (FR) formulations from epoxy resins to glass fiber‐reinforced epoxy composites (GFRECs) through prepregs is difficult. Additionally, obtaining data on their post‐fire mechanics is often challenging. Utilizing melamine polyphosphate (MPP), ammonium polyphosphate (APP), and silane‐coated ammonium polyphosphate (SiAPP) FRs with low‐melting inorganic silicates (InSi) in an 8:2 proportion and 10% loading by weight in a diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) resin, a systematic investigation of the processing properties, room‐temperature mechanics, and temperature‐based mechanics of the systems was performed. The resin was cured with a dicyandiamide hardener (DICY) and a urone accelerator. The results revealed no substantial impact of these FRs at the current loading on the resin's glass transition temperature or processability. However, the fire residues from cone calorimetry tests of the composites containing FRs were found to be only 15‐20% of the thickness of the resins, implying a suppression of intumescence upon transfer. At room temperature, the decrease in the flexural modulus for the composites containing FRs was negligible. Exposure of the composites in a furnace at 400°C as a preliminary study before ignition tests was shown to cause significant flexural moduli reductions after 2.5 min of exposure and complete delamination after 3 min making further testing unviable. This study emphasizes the need for future research on recovering modes of action upon transfer of FR formulations from resins to composites. Based on the challenges outlined in this investigation, sample adaptation methods for post‐fire analysis will be developed in a future study.Highlights
Processibility of resins for prepreg production unaffected by polyphosphate/inorganic silicate flame retardants (FRs).
FR formulations had a negligible effect on the mechanics of the composites.
15%–25% increase in the fracture toughness of the DGEBA‐based resin matrix with FRs.
Suppression of intumescent behavior in the composites verified quantitatively.
Significant reduction in flexural moduli of the composites post‐400°C exposure in a furnace.
Iota‐carrageenan (𝑖C) hydrogel oscillations under constant electric field and stability diagrams
Authors: Sudjaiboon Parita , Thummarungsan Natlita , Rotjanasuworapong Kornkanok , Lerdwijitjarud Wanchai , Sirivat Anuvat 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSoft actuators belong to a type of actuators made of soft materials which are capable of converting applied energy to mechanical motion. They have been utilized in several fields due to their flexibility, low weight, inexpensiveness and simple fabrication. In this work, iota‐carrageenan (𝑖C) was chosen as the starting material for a hydrogel‐based actuator. The 𝑖C hydrogels were fabricated via a simple solvent‐casting technique at various concentrations: 2.4% (v/v), 2.8% (v/v) and 3.2% (v/v). All 𝑖C hydrogels were characterized for their chemical, thermal, rheological and morphological properties as well as the actuation performances under applied electric field. The 𝑖C hydrogels showed monotonic increases in the static bending distance and dielectrophoretic force with increasing electric field strength. Above the critical electrical field strengths, the ribbon‐like 𝑖C hydrogels oscillated back and forth due to the competition between the dielectrophoresis force, the resisting elastic force, the weight and the inertia force. Stability diagrams were constructed for the first time separating static bending from oscillation behavior under constant applied electric fields. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
The role of storm‐track dynamics in the intraseasonal variability of the winter ENSO teleconnection to the North Atlantic
Authors: O'Reilly Christopher H. , Drouard Marie , Ayarzagüena Blanca , Ambaum Maarten H. P. , Methven John 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe response of the North Atlantic large‐scale circulation to El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) exhibits distinct differences between early (November–December) and late (January–February) winter. However, the reasons for this are unclear, particularly regarding the early winter response. Here we examine the role of storm‐track dynamics in influencing the intraseasonal variability of the ENSO teleconnection to the North Atlantic. During late winter there a broad weakening of the eddy heat flux upstream of the North Atlantic storm track during the El Niño phase, which is associated with a broad southward jet shift across North America and the North Atlantic. The late winter response is reinforced by synoptic eddies through enhanced cyclonic wave breaking, consistent with previous studies. However, a stronger teleconnection occurs during early winter. There are modest changes in the North Atlantic eddy heat flux, but strong changes in the upper‐level storm track associated with ENSO, with increased anticyclonic wave breaking during El Niño reinforcing the jet across the central North Atlantic. During early winter there are less frequent northern eddy‐driven jet occurrences in El Niño years and more frequent northern eddy‐driven jet occurrences in La Niña years. These poleward North Atlantic jet excursions typically follow peaks in the eddy heat flux; however, in El Niño years this relationship breaks down and the jet does not transition to the northern position as frequently, despite no clear changes in the upstream eddy heat flux. Composite analysis reveals that precursor storm‐track anomalies upstream over the eastern North Pacific/North America are important in suppressing the poleward jet excursions. These precursors map onto the seasonal mean North Pacific storm‐track anomalies during El Niño. Measured across all years, there is a clear relationship between the mean early winter eastern North Pacific storm‐track activity and eastern North Atlantic eddy‐driven jet, which can explain the early winter ENSO teleconnection to the North Atlantic.
Modelling flow regulation effects on vegetation recruitment and survival on alternate bars in channelized rivers
Authors: Serlet Alyssa , Gurnell Angela , Zolezzi Guido 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMany river reaches have transitioned to heavily vegetated systems following the regulation of their flow regime. Vegetation recruitment and survival are key to these transformations. We propose a novel predictive approach to detect how changes in the flow regime may affect conditions for successful vegetation recruitment and survival in channelized rivers with alternate bars. Our approach combines elements of existing vegetation recruitment models (Recruitment Box and Window of Opportunity) with simplified morphodynamic predictions of alternate bar migration. The approach is illustrated by applying it to a reach of the regulated Isère river, SE France, which has transitioned from migrating, unvegetated to steady, vegetated alternate bars over two decades following flow regulation associated with hydropower development. Our modelling approach identifies a strong impact of modified summer flows on vegetation recruitment since 1950 when major flow regulation began. An increase of up to 1 cm year−1 (after 1990) has occurred in the vertical extent of vegetation recruitment bands on the bars. This has been accompanied by an almost 20 m total increase (since 1950) in the horizontal extent of the recruitment bands, and a 1.5 times reduction in the frequency of high flows capable of promoting bar migration. Our modelling also suggests viable flow restoration options to limit widespread vegetation colonisation. Comparing outcomes from our modelling approach with those from the Bertagni et al. (2018) model suggests that the Isère may have been highly prone to vegetation colonisation even before flow regulation and close to some threshold for a shift from an unvegetated to a vegetated state.
Transfer learning under the Cox model with interval‐censored data
Authors: Xie Mengqi , Hu Tao , Zhou Jie 
Published: April 2024

AbstractTransfer learning, focusing on information borrowing to address limited sample size issues, has gained increasing attention in recent years. Our method aims to utilize data from other population groups as a complement to enhance risk factor discernment and failure time prediction among underrepresented subgroups. However, a literature gap exists in effective knowledge transfer from the source to the target for risk assessment with interval‐censored data while accommodating population incomparability and privacy constraints. Our objective is to bridge this gap by developing a transfer learning approach under the Cox proportional hazards model. We introduce the tuning‐free Trans‐Cox‐MIC algorithm, enabling adaptable information sharing in regression coefficients and baseline hazards, while ensuring computational efficiency. Our approach accommodates covariate distribution shifts, coefficient variations, and baseline hazard discrepancies. Extensive simulations showcase the method's accuracy, robustness, and efficiency. Application to the prostate cancer screening data demonstrates enhanced risk estimation precision and predictive performance in the African American population.
CG‐FlexBeamOpt: Advanced solution methodology for high throughput GEO satellite beam laydown and resource allocation
Authors: Li Ryan , Gaudry Angus , Mak‐Hau Vicky 
Published: April 2024

SummaryModern satellite communication systems are designed to serve dispersed users with changing operational requirements. Allocating resources to meet these requirements becomes highly complex when the size, location, and allocated frequency of satellite beams are flexible. We developed solution techniques that generate feasible beam patterns and frequency allocations to maximize the total demand met across all users. In our approach, an integer program selects an optimal set of beams from a heuristically generated pool of feasible candidate beams. The challenge is in how to efficiently build a pool of good quality candidate beams from exponentially many possible solutions. An innovative column generation‐style heuristic to generate mathematically justifiable beams is presented to address this challenge. We also derived two other heuristic candidate beam generation algorithms to compare and contrast performance and robustness characteristics of different algorithmic choices. We tested the performance of our three new approaches on 12 operational instances that vary in user distribution, user numbers, and demand distribution. While the methods performed differently under varying operational scenarios, the column generation‐based methods provided the best trade‐off between computation time and solution quality in most cases. We further tested our two best performing algorithms for scalability. Our column generation‐based methods were able to provide good quality solutions with up to 400 beams and 5,000 users. Our work provides valuable insights for real‐life implementation: an end‐user of our system can select the solution approach based on their business need, computational (time) budget, and the desired solution quality.
The Bioremediation of Industrial Effluents by Phanerochaete chrysosporium: The COD, TOC Removal Efficiency and Biochemical Assessment for Dreissena polymorpha
Authors: Serdar Osman , Yıldırım Numan , Onder Erguven Gokhan , Ketenalp Zozan , Cikcikoglu Yildirim Nuran , Durmus Barbaros 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBioremediation is one of the cheapest and easy method for biological treatment for most kind of industial wastewater. Bioremediation potential of the Phanerochaete chrysosporium for industrial wastewater from Industrial Zone Wastewater plant in Mardin, Turkey, was evaluated. The chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total organic carbon (TOC) reduction efficiencies of P. chrysoporium of on wastewater studied using biomarkers such as catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), Thiobarbituric Acid (TBARS) and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels in Dreissena polymorpha. The level of TBARS, a marker of lipid peroxidation was found to be high because of wastewater exposure after treatment. TBARS levels decreased (from 20.2 to 31.6 and from 20.8 to 37.5). GSH levels (from 52.3 to 15.9), CAT levels (from, 119.7 to 15.3 and from 91.1 to 13.4) SOD levels (from 3.8 to 0.9 and from 3.4 to 1.2) and GPX activity (from 177.2 to 104.4 and 174.2 to 100.5) decreased in the wastewater exposure groups during 24 and 96th hour compared to the control groups. GSH levels, CAT, SOD and GPX activity increased after treatment by P. chrysosporium. Results indicate that industrial wastewater caused oxidative stress in Dreissena polymorpha. The findings revealed that the highest removal efficiency for COD and TOC, at 86.3 % and 80.3 % respectively, occurred in the 1/20 diluted medium. P. chrysosporium has proven to be effective in the bioremediation of wastewater from the Industrial Zone Changes in biochemical parameters before and after bioremediation showed that antioxidant parameters such as CAT, SOD, GPx activities and GSH and TBARS levels can be used as biomarker to evaluate bioremediation efficiency.
Effect of TiO2 Drying Conditions on the Catalytic Activity of Pt for Ammonia Synthesis from NO−H2
Authors: Chaudhari Chandan , Manaka Yuichi , Nanba Tetsuya 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe effect of drying conditions on the physicochemical and catalytic properties of TiO2 were examined for NO to ammonia reaction. TiO2 prepared by different drying conditions such as evaporation (EP), evaporation under reduced pressure (ER) and evaporation under freeze drying conditions (EF) was used for support for Pt loading. At low temperature (below 175 °C), the order for ammonia formation was Pt/TiO2(ER)>Pt/TiO2(EP)>Pt/TiO2(EF). Notably, Pt/TiO2(ER) catalyst was more effective than Pt/TiO2 prepared from commercially available TiO2. The characterization of these catalysts revealed that rutile‐rich phase TiO2, high Pt dispersion and moderate acidic sites were influential factors for ammonia formation. TiO2 drying conditions modified surface properties of TiO2 and consequently, catalytic activity for ammonia formation.
Design, Synthesis, Characterization, Enzyme Inhibition, Molecular Docking, and Pharmacological Evaluation of New Chalcone‐Sulfonate Derivatives Bearing Thiophene
Authors: Aslan Hakan , Yetişsin Fuat , Korkmaz Adem , Bursal Ercan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe novel chalcone‐sulfonate derivatives bearing thiophene motif were synthesized and characterized using 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and HRMS analysis. The evaluation of in vitro and in silico potential pancreatic lipase inhibition activity of the novel chalcone‐sulfonate derivatives bearing thiophene motif was scanned. IC50 values of compounds 5 i (28.76±2.11 μM) and 5 f (30.58±0.45 μM) were determined to be more effective pancreatic lipase inhibitors for in vitro studies. The best potential inhibitor for pancreatic lipase binding affinity was found as compound 5 f (−9.8 kcal mol−1) for in silico studies. Although compounds 5 f and 5 i were identified as the best pancreatic lipase inhibitor candidates in vitro and molecular docking studies, compounds 5 f and 5 i were predicted mutagenic and carcinogenic properties in mice according to ADMET studies. Deeply, compound 5 h was a more effective pancreatic lipase inhibitor according to enzyme inhibition, molecular docking, and ADMET studies. It can be said that compound 5 h may be a more efficient drug candidate than orlistat in the treatment of obesity.
Defect Engineering Simultaneously Regulating Exciton Dissociation in Carbon Nitride and Local Electron Density in Pt Single Atoms Toward Highly Efficient Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production
Authors: Liu Dongjie , Zhang Chunyang , Shi Jinwen , Shi Yuchuan , Nga Ta Thi Thuy , Liu Maochang , Shen Shaohua , Dong Chun‐Li 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe high exciton binding energy (Eb) and sluggish surface reaction kinetics have severely limited the photocatalytic hydrogen production activity of carbon nitride (CN). Herein, a hybrid system consisting of nitrogen defects and Pt single atoms is constructed through a facile self‐assembly and photodeposition strategy. Due to the acceleration of exciton dissociation and regulation of local electron density of Pt single atoms along with the introduction of nitrogen defects, the optimized Pt‐MCT‐3 exhibits a hydrogen production rate of 172.0 µmol h−1 (λ ≥ 420 nm), ≈41 times higher than pristine CN. The apparent quantum yield for the hydrogen production is determined to be 27.1% at 420 nm. The experimental characterizations and theoretical calculations demonstrate that the nitrogen defects act as the electron traps for the exciton dissociation, resulting in a decrease of Eb from 86.92 to 43.20 meV. Simultaneously, the stronger interaction between neighboring nitrogen defects and Pt single atoms directionally drives free electrons to aggregate around Pt single atoms, and tailors the d‐band electrons of Pt, forming a moderate binding strength between Pt atoms and H* intermediates.
γ‐MnO2 as an Electron Reservoir for RuO2 Oxygen Evolution Catalyst in Acidic Media
Authors: Jia Wenqi , Cao Xuejie , Chen Xiaojie , Qin Hongye , Miao Licheng , Wang Qinglun , Jiao Lifang 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDeveloping highly active and durable catalysts in acid conditions remains an urgent issue due to the sluggish kinetics of oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Although RuO2 has been a state‐of‐the‐art commercial catalyst for OER, it encounters poor stability and high cost. In this study, the electronic reservoir regulation strategy is proposed to promote the performance of acidic water oxidation via constructing a RuO2/MnO2 heterostructure supported on carbon cloth (CC) (abbreviated as RuO2/MnO2/CC). Theoretical and experimental results reveal that MnO2 acts as an electron reservoir for RuO2. It facilitates electron transfer from RuO2, enhancing its activity prior to OER, and donates electrons to RuO2, improving its stability after OER. Consequently, RuO2/MnO2/CC exhibits better performance compared to commercial RuO2, with an ultrasmall overpotential of 189 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and no signs of deactivation even after 800 h of electrolysis in 0.5 m H2SO4 at 10 mA cm−2. When applied as the anode in a proton exchange membrane water electrolyzer, the cost‐efficient RuO2/MnO2/CC catalyst only requires a cell voltage of 1.661 V to achieve the water‐splitting current of 1 A cm−2, and the noble metal cost is as low as US$ 0.00962 cm−2, indicating potential for practical applications.