bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A mid‐shelf, mean wave direction climatology for southeastern Australia, and its relationship to the El Niño—Southern Oscillation since 1878 A.D.
Authors: Goodwin Ian D. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractCoastal systems behave on timescales from days to centuries. Shelf and coastal wave climatological data from the Tasman Sea are only available for the past few decades. Hence, the records are too short to investigate inter‐ and multidecadal variability and their impact on coastal systems. A method is presented to hindcast monthly mid‐shelf mean wave direction (MWD) for southeastern Australia, based on the monthly, trans‐Tasman mean sea‐level pressure (MSLP) difference between northern NSW (Yamba) and the north island of New Zealand (Auckland). The MSLP index is calibrated to instrumental (Waverider buoy) MWD data for the Sydney shelf and coast. Positive/negative trans‐Tasman MSLP difference is significantly correlated to southerly/easterly Sydney MWD, and to long/short mean wave periods. The 124‐year Sydney annual (MWD) time series displays multidecadal variability, and identifies a significant period of more southerly annual MWD during 1884 to 1914 than in the period since 1915. The Sydney MWD is significantly correlated to the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI). The correlation with the SOI is enhanced during periods when the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO) is in its negative state and warm SST anomalies occur in the southwest Pacific region. The Sydney MWD was found to be associated with Pacific basin‐wide climate fluctuations associated with the El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Southerly/easterly Sydney MWD is correlated with low/high MSLP anomalies over New Zealand and the central Pacific Ocean. Southerly/easterly Sydney MWD is also correlated with cool/warm SST anomalies in the southwest Pacific, particularly in the eastern Coral Sea and Tasman Sea. Copyright © 2005 Royal Meteorological Society.
Features of cross‐Pacific climate shown in the variability of China and US precipitation
Authors: Li Q. , Yang S. , Kousky V. E. , Higgins R. W. , Lau K.‐M. , Xie P. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractIn this study, we have analyzed the climate features of China and the United States with a focus on the differences, similarities, connectivity, and predictability of precipitation and the relationships between precipitation and large‐scale patterns of natural variability. China precipitation is characterized by large seasonality, with a maximum in summer and a minimum in winter. The seasonality of precipitation shows an increasing linear tendency in northwest China, with a change of about 20% from 1901 to 1998. A relatively weaker increasing tendency also appears in the Big Bend of Yellow River (BBYR) and the Tibetan Plateau, while southwest China experiences a decreasing tendency. Furthermore, the seasonality in the BBYR shows particularly significant interdecadal variability, while that of southern and eastern China has decreased slightly in the recent decades.Compared to China, the United States as a whole has less precipitation in summer but more precipitation in other seasons. Here, the seasonality of precipitation is only about 24% of that in China. The annual mean precipitation is 64.1 mm per month in the United States, compared to 54.6 mm per month in China. The seasonality of precipitation exhibits a decreasing tendency in the southeast, Pacific Northwest, and Gulf Coast and an increasing tendency in the Great Lakes. The seasonality in the Great Plains exhibits large interdecadal variability.The long‐term variations of precipitation are highly seasonally dependent. In summer, a decreasing trend is observed in north China and an increasing trend is found in eastern‐central China. However, these trends are almost opposite in spring. In addition, the fall precipitation decreases with time nearly everywhere in China except for the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River Valley.Results also indicate that the El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO), the Arctic Oscillation (AO), the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), and the North Pacific (NP) fluctuation affect strongly the variations of China and US precipitation. Although these influences vary with regions and seasons, we in particular emphasize the importance of AO and NAO for China precipitation and NP and PDO for US precipitation. In fall, ENSO and PDO are the two phenomena that influence predominantly precipitation variability in both China and the United States We also identify the common phenomena that influence China and US regional precipitation and provide a better understanding of the physical mechanism for precipitation variability through the associated changes in atmospheric and oceanic conditions. Furthermore, we develop a linear regression model, based on multiple regression method by combining the regionally and seasonally varying impacts, to increase the skill of precipitation prediction. Copyright © 2005 Royal Meteorological Society
Synthesis of poly(p‐methoxyphenylacetylene) with the vanadium acetylacetonate‐aluminum triethyl Ziegler–Natta catalyst system: Cyclotrimers/polymer ratio analysis
Authors: Rodríguez J. Gonzalo , Lafuente Antonio , Martín‐Villamil Rosa 
Published: October 2005

AbstractPoly(p‐methoxyphenylacetylene) was obtained by the reaction of p‐methoxyphenylacetylene (MOPA) with the vanadium acetylacetonate‐aluminum triethyl V(acac)3‐AlEt3 homogeneous catalyst system. The crude product was always a mixture of 1,2,4‐ and 1,3,5‐tris(p‐methoxyphenyl)benzene and poly(MOPA) of low averaged molecular weight. The 1,2,4‐ and 1,3,5‐cyclotrimers versus poly(MOPA) ratio was analyzed. The poly(MOPA) obtained under different conditions, on the basis of the spectroscopic data, always shows a cis–transoidal stereo‐regular structure. Molecular mass of poly(MOPA) was determined by vapor pressure osmometry, high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), and gel permeation chromatography (GPC) techniques. The kinetics of the reaction has been also analyzed. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 5987–5997, 2005
Synthesis of novel crosslinkable polymers by atom transfer radical polymerization of cardanyl acrylate
Authors: Suresh Kattimuttathu I. , Jaikrishna M. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractIn this work, the successful application of atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) to cardanyl acrylate, a polymerizable monomer derived from a renewable resource cardanol, is reported. Polycardanyl acrylate and poly(methylmethacrylate)‐cardanyl acrylate copolymers were prepared in bulk ATRP, using Copper(I) bromide/N, N, N′, N′, N″‐pentamethyl diethylene triamine (PMDETA) catalyst system at 95 °C in combination with ethyl‐2‐bromo isobutyrate initiator. The copolymers had mol. wt. (Mn) in the range 8300–2400 g/mol and polydispersity index (PDI) 1.27–2.00, depending upon the [M]0/[I]0 ratio. 1H NMR analysis of the copolymer showed that unsaturation in the side chain of cardanyl acrylate is unaffected under the conditions of ATRP. This was further confirmed by studying the curing reaction of polycardanyl acrylate by supported dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) in dual cantilever mode. The thermogravimetric analysis shows that the copolymers have improved thermal stability, by about 35 °C, in comparison with pure PMMA. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 5953–5961, 2005
Transfer of indoxacarb among workers of Coptotermes formosanus (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae): effects of dose, donor:recipient ratio and post‐exposure time
Authors: Hu Xing Ping , Song Dunlun , Scherer Clay W 
Published: October 2005

AbstractHorizontal transfer of indoxacarb among workers of the Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki, was examined under laboratory conditions. The effects of dose (0, 10, 20, 50, 100 or 200 ng AI per donor), donor:recipient ratio (1:1, 1:4 or 1:9) and post‐exposure time (2, 4, 8, 16, 20 and 24 days) on lethal transfer of indoxacarb were investigated using a donor/recipient model in groups of 100 workers. Transfer of lethal doses from donors to recipients was evidenced by significant recipient mortality in 13 out of 15 treatments within 24 days post‐exposure. Dosage significantly affected indoxacarb transfer. Higher doses resulted in greater recipient mortality than lower doses. The highest dose tested resulted in 100% death of recipients and donors within 20 days. A dose of 100 ng resulted in recipient mortalities ranging from 68 to 100%, whereas doses ≤50 ng killed <60% of recipients within 24 days. Donor:recipient ratio also had considerable effect on indoxacarb transfer. At 24 days post‐exposure, greater recipient mortalities were observed at ratios ≥1:4 at doses ≥20 ng, but only at a ratio 1:1 at dose 10 ng. Recipient mortality increased significantly as post‐exposure time increased. The higher the doses applied on donors, the shorter were the times required for the onset of recipient mortality to occur and for recipients to reach maximum mortality. Significantly greater recipient mortalities were not observed at doses 20 and 50 ng until more than 20 days post‐exposure, indicating a delayed activity of indoxacarb. Possible transfer mechanisms are discussed. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Evaluation of the time–concentration–mortality responses of Plutella xylostella larvae to the interaction of Beauveria bassiana with a nereistoxin analogue insecticide
Authors: Tian Li , Feng Ming‐Guang 
Published: October 2005

AbstractSix bioassays were conducted to evaluate the interaction between Beauveria bassiana SG8702 and a nereistoxin analogue insecticide, diammonium S,S′‐(2‐dimethylaminotrimethylene)di(thiosulfate), which is highly compatible with the fungal biocontrol agent against diamondback moth Plutella xylostella (L.). Second‐instar larvae were exposed to sprays of B. bassiana alone (assay 1) at concentrations of 21–38, 157–232 and 822–1133 conidia mm−2 or together with the insecticide at the low application rates of 5, 10, 25, 50 and 100 µg AI ml−1 (assays 2–6), and then maintained at 25 °C and 12:12 h light:dark photoperiod for daily monitoring of mortality for 8 days. Based on the modelling of the resultant time–concentration–mortality data sets, the fungal agent was highly virulent to P. xylostella with an LC50 decreasing from 269 conidia mm−2 on day 4 to 107 on day 8. Lower lethal concentrations or shorter median lethal times resulted from fungal sprays including the tested chemical rates; the latter never caused higher mortalities than the fungal treatments alone. The fungal action over 3–7 days after spray was significantly enhanced by including in the fungal sprays the chemical at rates of ≥25 µg ml−1 for 2.6‐ to 1756‐fold reduction of LC50 values, ≥50 µg ml−1 for 4‐ to 274‐fold reduction of LC70 values and 100 µg ml−1 for 9‐ to 33‐fold reduction of LC90 values respectively. These rates were equivalent to 5–20% of the chemical rate labelled for field application. The fungal and chemical interaction outlined above highlights the feasibility of combined formulation or application of B. bassiana and the chemical insecticide for P. xylostella control. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Magnetoresistive hybrid transistor in vertical architecture
Authors: Meruvia M. S. , Benvenho A. R. V. , Hümmelgen I. A. , Gomez J. A. , Graeff C. F. O. , Li R. W. C. , Aguiar L. H. J. M. C. , Gruber J. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractWe report the development of a hybrid semiconductor–metal–semiconductor permeable‐base transistor in vertical architecture, which operates by positive charge carrier transport. This transistor has a p‐type silicon collector, a thin tin layer as base and a conjugated polymer, poly(9,9‐dioctyl‐2,7‐ fluorenylenevinylene), as emitter material. The transistor transport characteristics are dependent on the applied magnetic field and the base transport factor for positive charge carriers is nearly ideal. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Reflectance difference spectroscopy RDS/RAS combined with spectroscopic ellipsometry for a quantitative analysis of optically anisotropic materials
Authors: Rossow U. , Goldhahn R. , Fuhrmann D. , Hangleiter A. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractWe discuss various aspects of the characterization of optically anisotropic materials by spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) and reflectance‐difference/anisotropy‐spectroscopy (RDS/RAS). The main focus is on the limitation of quantitative analysis, and will be discussed in detail for two different examples: group‐III‐nitride layers and ZnO. We suggest that a combination of SE and RDS is a good choice to determine the components of the dielectric tensor (here ε‖, ε⊥) and allows also to determine important parameters such as thickness or sample orientation. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Investigation of molecule chemisorption on Si(001)2 × 1 surfaces by surface reflectance spectroscopies
Authors: Pluchery O. , Witkowski N. , Borensztein Y. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractSeveral examples are given on the investigation of adsorption of atoms and molecules on Si(001)2 × 1 in ultra‐high vacuum, by means of two different surface optical spectroscopies, the Surface Differential Reflectance Spectroscopy and the Reflectance Anisotropy Spectroscopy. Hydrogen, water, oxygen, benzene and pyridine adsorptions are presented. Specific spectra are obtained, which are interpreted as a function of the mode of adsorption of the adsorbates. In particular, it is possible to discriminate between adsorption on the dangling bonds of the Si dimers and adsorption inducing a breaking of the dimers. Moreover, quantitative information is obtained from these optical techniques which yields the determination of the absolute number of surface Si atoms involved in the bonding. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
MEP–MPE potential energy surface for the Cl + CH4 → HCl + CH3 reaction
Authors: Garcia Ernesto , Sánchez Carlos , Rodríguez Aurelio , Laganà Antonio 
Published: October 2005

AbstractA potential energy functional based on a many‐process expansion minimum energy path approach has been fitted to the ab initio potential energy values of the Cl + CH4 system. The functional form adopted, the parameters of the fitted surface, and the variation of the cone of acceptance as a function of relevant parameters are discussed. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2006
Reactivity of dialkylzirconium species and solvent polarity
Authors: Derat Etienne , Bouquant James , Bertus Philippe , Szymoniak Jan , Humbel Stéphane 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThe specific solvent effect of dimethylether is studied for two possible chemical reactions involving dialkylzirconium (ZrCl2Et2) and formaldehyde (H2CO). Using Density Functional Theory (B3LYP) and qualitative arguments, it is shown that such a polar solvent favors the ZrCl2(Alkene) formation by coordinating to the metal. Such a stable system can react further through alkene—solvent—formaldehyde exchange to spontaneously give the cyclization product. In a polar solvent, where such coordination cannot be envisaged, the preferred path gives the hydrometalated product directly from the dialkylzirconium reagent. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2006
The effects of performance anxiety on salivary ultra‐weak chemiluminescence
Authors: Takagi Kuniaki , Hasunuma Tsuyoshi , Goi Nobuhiro , Harada Hitoshi , Ikari Akira , Hiramatsu Mitsuo , Nakamura Kimitsugu , Tsuboi Hirohito 
Published: October 2005

AbstractResponse of ultra‐weak chemiluminescence (UCL) in saliva before and after an experimental examination was explored in 10 healthy undergraduate students. Participants were asked to perform a task under supervision that consisted of a serial aseptic manipulation for cell culture. Saliva was collected 30 min before, immediately after, 30 min after and 60 min after the stress exposure. One‐way repeated measures ANOVA for UCL revealed a significant difference across the four measurement occasions (F = 4.45, p < 0.05). Post hoc Dunnett's test clarified that UCL levels right after the stress exposure was significantly greater than that 30 min before the exposure (p < 0.05). The concentrations of secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) and cortisol in saliva were also measured. Two‐way ANOVA with repeated measures indicated that UCL and sIgA exhibited the same change pattern in the four occasions (F = 0.28, p = 0.84), whereas UCL changed differently from cortisol (F = 5.82, p < 0.005). It was suggested that salivary UCL may be a sensitive biomarker for acute psychological changes. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Post‐traumatic reactions among rescue personnel 96 hours after the Hilton Hotel bombing in Sinai: The effect of previous exposure
Authors: Ben‐Ezra Menachem , Essar Nir , Saar Ronen 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThis paper considers the immediate post‐traumatic reactions of rescue personnel who were exposed to the Hilton Hotel bombing in Sinai. The entire rescue personnel (n = 26) were assessed and separated into two groups on the basis of previous exposure to the same type of trauma. The results suggest that among rescue personnel, those with previous exposure had a lower level of post‐traumatic symptoms than those who were being exposed for the first time. This supports the hypothesis that previous exposure to the same type of trauma has an immunizing effect for subsequent same type of traumatic event among rescue personnel. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesen, Kristallstrukturen und spektroskopische Eigenschaften des Melem‐Adduktes C6N7(NH2)3 · H3PO4 sowie der Melemium‐Salze (H2C6N7(NH2)3)SO4 · 2 H2O und (HC6N7(NH2)3)ClO4 · H2O
Authors: Sattler Andreas , Seyfarth Lena , Senker Jürgen , Schnick Wolfgang 
Published: October 2005

AbstractSyntheses, Crystal Structures and Spectroscopic Properties of the Melem Adduct C6N7(NH2)3 · H3PO4 and the Melemium Salts (H2C6N7(NH2)3)SO4 · 2H2O and (HC6N7(NH2)3)ClO4 · H2OThe melem adduct C6N7(NH2)3 · H3PO4 (1) and the melemium salts (H2C6N7(NH2)3)SO4 · 2H2O (2) and (HC6N7(NH2)3)ClO4 · H2O (3) were obtained by the reactionof melem, 2,6,10‐triamino‐s‐heptazine, C6N7(NH2)3 with the corresponding acids in aqueous solution. The crystal structures of these compounds were solved by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction (1: R3c, Z = 6, a = 1024.7(1), c = 1848.1(4) pm; 2: P21/n, Z = 4, a = 690.3(1), b = 2026.4(4), c = 961.7(2) pm, β = 98.96(3)°; 3: $P{\bar 1}$, Z = 2, a = 726.1(2), b = 757.5(2), c = 1207.0(2) pm, α = 71.76(3), β = 76.31(3), γ = 71.06(3)°). All three compounds have layer‐like structures consisting of melem (1) or melemium ions (2 and 3) and the acid (1) or acid anions (2 and 3), respectively. The building units and the crystal water molecules (in 2 and 3) are connected through extended hydrogen bridging networks. IR and Raman spectroscopic investigations have been performed. Solid‐state NMR experiments prove that there is no complete proton transfer from the phosphoric acid to the melem molecules. Therefore compound (1) has to be classified as an adduct C6N7(NH2)3 · H3PO4.
Polysulfonylamine. CLXXIV [1] Kristallstrukturen von Metall‐di(methansulfonyl)amiden. 17 [2] Silber(I)‐di(methansulfonyl)amid: Ein diamantoides Netzwerk aus Ag2N2‐Vierringen und verbrückenden Mesylgruppen
Authors: Zerbe Eva‐Maria , Jones Peter G. , Moers Oliver , Blaschette Armand 
Published: October 2005

AbstractPolysulfonylamines. CLXXIV. Crystal Structures of Metal Di(methanesulfonyl)amides. 17. Silver(I) Di(methanesulfonyl)amide: A Diamondoid Network of Four‐Membered Ag2N2 Rings and Bridging Mesyl GroupsThe crystal structure of silver(I) dimesylamide (orthorhombic, space group Fddd, Z = 16, Z′ = 1/2, single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction at −140 °C) consists of dinuclear Ag2[N(SO2Me)2]2 complexes, in which the nitrogen atoms are μ2‐bonded to the silver ions at distances of 241.83(15) pm to form planar rhombic Ag2N2 rings; the short Ag···Ag ring diagonal, 285.36(4) pm, is consistent with weak argentophilic interaction. In the packing, the ring centres lie on 222 sites, conferring crystallographic D2 symmetry on the complex and crystallographic C2 symmetry on the anions. Moreover, each complex is connected to four adjacent complexes by centrosymmetric pairs of silver‐oxygen bonds at distances 245.35(13) pm. In the resulting three‐dimensional coordination polymer, the ring centres represent the nodes of a distorted diamondoid network, whereby the high packing efficiency prevents the interpenetration of networks that is frequently observed in diamondoid solids. The primary N2O2 coordination of the cation corresponds to a distorted tetrahedron with bond angles in the range 103.62(3)–118.57(3)°; including the short Ag···Ag contact and four secondary silver‐oxygen contacts at distances of 300.18(13) pm (2×) and 333.10(13) pm (2×), the coordination number is increased to nine.
Crystallization by Slow Halogen Exchange in Hypercoordinate Silicon Chelates and the first X‐ray Structure of a trans‐Featured Hexacoordinate Difluorosilicon‐bis‐Chelate
Authors: Schley Michael , Wagler Jörg , Roewer Gerhard 
Published: October 2005

AbstractStarting from silicon tetrahalides SiCl4 and SiBr4, respectively, and the bidentate 2‐iminomethylphenol‐type ligand HO‐C6H3‐2‐[C(C6H5)=N(CH2‐C6H5)]‐5‐OCH3, three novel complexes with hypercoordinate silicon atom were synthesized. Their coordination spheres consist of two halogen atoms (F, Cl, Br) and two six membered ring systems created by chelating bidentate ligands of 2‐iminomethylphenolate type. Demonstrated by crystal structure analysis, the dichloro‐ and difluorosilicon complexes {O‐C6H3‐2‐[C(C6H5)=N(CH2‐C6H5)]‐5‐OCH3}SiX2 (X = Cl, F) reveal all‐trans‐configuration in solid state. The difluorosilicon complex {O‐C6H3‐2‐[C(C6H5)=N(CH2‐C6H5)]‐5‐OCH3}SiF2 is the first X‐ray crystallographically proven example of a trans‐featured difluorosilicon‐bis‐chelate. Its all‐trans‐configuration, however, is not retained after dissolution. The formation of an octahedral complex with cis‐arranged fluorine atoms is 1H NMR spectroscopically proven by the coupling pattern of diastereotopic benzyl methylene protons of the chelating ligands.
Platinum(II) Complexes with 1‐Cyclohepta‐2,4,6‐trienyl‐diphenylphosphane, Ph2P(C7H7), and Alkyn‐1‐yl Ligands
Authors: Wrackmeyer Bernd , Ullmann Bettina , Kempe Rhett , Herberhold Max 
Published: October 2005

Abstract[1‐Cyclohepta‐2,4,6‐trienyl‐diphenylphosphane]platinum(II) dichloride (4) was prepared by the 1:1 reaction of (cod)PtCl2 (cod = η4‐cycloocta‐1,5‐diene) with the phosphane. The reaction of 4 with di(alkyn‐1‐yl)dimethylstannanes, Me2Sn(C≡C‐R)2 [R = H (a), Me (b), Ph (c), SiMe3 (d)], in boiling THF gave selectively in high yield the monoalkynyl complexes [Ph2P(C7H7)]Pt(Cl)C≡C‐R (6b,c,d), in which the alkyn‐1‐yl group is arranged in cis position with respect to the phosphorus atom, and the C7H7 ring is η2‐coordinated to platinum through the central C=C bond. The same reaction at room temperature afforded, again selectively and in high yield, the dialkynyl complexes [Ph2P(C7H7)]Pt(C≡C‐R)2 (7a‐d). The new complexes were characterised in solution by 1H, 13C, 29Si, 31P and 195Pt NMR spectroscopy, and the molecular structures of 4 and 7d were determined by X‐ray crystallography.
The Synthesis of a Homoleptic Lanthanoid Complex of the 8‐Quinolinolate Ion Directly from the Metal
Authors: Leary Stuart G. , Deacon Glen B. , Junk Peter C. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractReaction of 8‐hydroxyquinoline (HOQ) with holmium metal in the presence strontium metal and metallic mercury at 190 °C under vacuum in a 1,3,5‐tri‐tert‐butylbenzene flux yielded (η2‐8‐quinolinolato‐κ:N,O(Ho(2))bis(η2‐8‐quinolinolato‐κ:N,O(Ho(1)))hexakis(μ‐(O)‐8‐quinolinolato‐κ:N,O(Ho(1))trisholmium(III) as an 8‐hydroxyquinoline solvate (1) (C2/c, a = 17.336(4) Å, b = 23.464(5), c = 18.038(4) Å, β = 92.92(3)°, V = 7328(3) Å3, R1 = 0.0622). The complex was resynthesised after preactivation of the metals by mercury and then heating them with HOQ at 190 °C.