bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and population attributable fractions of potentially modifiable risk factors for dementia in Canada: a cross-sectional analysis of the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging
Authors: Dolatshahi Yasaman , Mayhew Alexandra , O’Connell Megan E. , Liu-Ambrose Teresa , Taler Vanessa , Smith Eric E. , Hogan David B. , Kirkland Susan , Costa Andrew P. , Wolfson Christina , Raina Parminder , Griffith Lauren , Jones Aaron 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundIdentification and assessment of modifiable risk factors for dementia is a public health priority in Canada and worldwide. We investigated the prevalence and population attributable fraction (PAF) of 12 potentially modifiable risk factors for all-cause dementia in middle-aged and older Canadians.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study of data from the Comprehensive cohort of the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging, a national sample of 30,097 individuals between the ages of 45 and 85 at baseline (2011-2015). Risk factors and associated relative risks were taken from a highly cited systematic review published by an international commission on dementia prevention. We estimated the prevalence of each risk factor using sampling weights to be more generalizable to the Canadian population. Individual PAFs were calculated both crudely and weighted for communality, and combined PAFs were calculated with methods reflecting both multiplicative and additive interaction assumptions. Analyses were additionally performed stratified by household income and were repeated at CSLA’s first three-year follow-up (2015-2018).ResultsThe most prevalent risk factors at baseline were physical inactivity (63.8%; 95% CI, 62.8% – 64.9%), hypertension (32.8%; 31.7% – 33.8%), and obesity (30.8%; 29.7% – 31.8%). The highest crude PAFs were for physical inactivity (19.9%), traumatic brain injury (16.7%), and hypertension (16.6%). The highest weighted PAFs were for physical inactivity (11.6%), depression (7.7%), and hypertension (6.0%). We estimated that the 12 risk factors combined accounted for 43.4% (37.3%-49.0%) of dementia cases assuming weighted multiplicative interactions and 60.9% (55.7%-65.5%) assuming additive interactions. There was a clear gradient of increasing prevalence and PAF with decreasing income for 9 of the 12 risk factors.InterpretationThe findings of this study can inform individual and population-level dementia prevention strategies in Canada, focusing efforts on risk factors with the largest impact on the number of dementia cases. Differences in the impact of individual risk factors between this study and other international and regional studies highlight the importance of tailoring national dementia strategies to the local distribution of risk factors.
Comparative Application of the Fluctuation Test to the data of Morbidity by COVID-19 in United States of America, United Kingdom, Taiwan and China 2020-2023
Authors: López-Ramírez Anyi Yannire , Grassi Hilda Cristina , de Jesús Andrades Efrén , Andrades-Grassi Jesús Enrique 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn this work the Luria and Delbruck Fluctuation Test was comparatively applied to the data of Morbidity by COVID-19 in the United States of America (USA), United Kingdom (UK), Taiwan and China from 2020 to 2023. Three types of data were used:es.statista.com,datosmacro.expansion.comand larepublica.co without modification, but trying to avoid and justify the anomalies and inconsistencies observed. The methods originally used to establish the interactions of two populations were evaluated: the viral population with that of its host and the drift of both organisms. Only the interactive fluctuations of the weekly Variance of daily increase of Cases (Morbidity) were studied. The results showed that the Fluctuation Test is applicable to the selected data from USA, UK, Taiwan and China and other data from several countries used as controls. The study was separated into two approaches: First, comparison of the total or partial logarithmic profile of fluctuations of Variance of Cases (Morbidity) of USA, UK, Taiwan and China. Second, comparison of the values of the first fluctuation of Variance of Cases (Morbidity) in the boreal winter of 2020 for USA, UK, Taiwan, China and several countries used as controls. The results obtained for Morbidity demonstrate that USA and UK present a similar bimodal profile. China shows an inverted profile and Taiwan shows an intermediate profile between both tendencies. However, it was possible to detect some anomalies and uncertainties that were possibly derived from inconsistencies in the original data. Only USA shows a value of the first fluctuation comparable to the order of magnitude of the value of the first fluctuation of the Variance of Cases of China, in the northern winter of 2020. In the First Approach USA, UK and China had two important fluctuations: the first in the northern winter of 2020 before week 16 and the second at the beginning of northern winter of 2022, more than 100 weeks later. Taiwan showed only the latter. This latest fluctuation coincides with two events: the possible achievement of herd immunity and the emergence of Omicron variant. In this work we have evaluated whether this coincidence is casual or causal. The results obtained in the Second Approach aim to confirm the hypothesis of the animal origin of the first variant of SARS CoV-2.
Teaching Uncommon Diseases in Surgery: Conceptual Framework for the Development of a Peritoneal Surface Malignancy Curriculum
Authors: Godley Frederick A , Bansal Varun V , Su David G. , Gushchin Vadim , Moller Mecker G , Shah Rupen , Gangi Alexandra , Magge Deepa , Blazer Dan G , Eng Oliver S , Lambert Laura , Dineen Sean , Abdel-Misih Sherif , Encandela John , Turaga Kiran K 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundThere is a critical need for contemporary education to address peritoneal surface malignancies (PSM). This study delineates the development of an online PSM curriculum for surgical trainees, in conjunction with a national consortium.MethodsA needs assessment survey was administered to attending surgical oncologists and trainees within the consortium, with a focus on current educational practices and preferences for PSM training. The identified focus areas informed the formulation of specific learning objectives and content.ResultsThe survey was completed by of 86/171 (48.5%) attending surgical oncologists in the group and 70 surgical trainees (56 residents and 14 fellows) from 31 unique institutions. Attending surgical oncologists emphasized trainee familiarity with general PSM principles and peritoneal metastases from lower gastrointestinal and gastric cancers when compared to gynecologic cancers and uncommon primaries (p < 0.001). Attending expectations increased incrementally with the trainee level in the knowledge and patient care domains. Attendings and trainees identified didactics and textbooks as primary modes of learning, although trainees reported using mobile learning tools more frequently. Disease site-specific educational content aligned with learning objectives was uploaded to a previously piloted online learning management system. Clinical management pathways and rotation guides were integrated to enhance the clinical applicability and consistency.ConclusionsDesigning a PSM curriculum tailored to the educational needs of both attendants and trainees is feasible by using established pedagogical methods. This study provides a framework for teaching about complex diseases with limited educational literature.
Differential Expression Analysis of Cannabis sativa response to thermotherapy of Hops Latent Viroid (HLVd) infection and clearance of the viroid in Tissue Culture Micropropagation
Authors: Torres Anthony , Pauli Chris , Sarmiento Carolina , Zalewski Chris , Gaudino Reggie 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIncreased farming and cultivation ofCannabis sativais rapidly pushing Cannabis (Cannabis sativaL.) towards becoming a commercial agricultural commodity. Large-scale cultivation facilities maintain thousands of clonal varieties of recreational and medicinal cannabis and there is a strong market-driven motivation to maintain a commercial pipeline of clean healthy vigorously growing plants free of pathogens. However, mass production and high-capacity cultivation create an environment that is susceptible to highly transmissible pathogens and infectious entities such as Hop Latent Viroid (HLVd). From nurseries to cultivation facilities, it’s become increasingly important to maintain a routine testing regimen and ensure cultivation facilities are HLVd-free environments. One method to address the problem of infected plants is to perform thermotherapy onC. sativaexplants under tissue culture conditions and isolate clean tissue to multiply productive and healthy mature plants. We carried out a novel thermotherapy method using tissue culture in 5 varieties of type III cannabis that were HLVd positive to document the degree of success of the treatment at the RNA level. We observed that following thermotherapy treatment we were able to decrease the level of HLVd positive tests in select varieties and observed some varieties were highly susceptible and unable to clear the viroid. Plants were tested using a one-step RT-qPCR method, developed and validated, in part, along with this work, and present the results as well as an exploratory transcriptome analysis of an internally developed variety, AnnaLee, which tested negative for HLVd following thermotherapy treatment, and explore possible genes of interest for viroid infection, clearance, and mitigation.Author SummaryRT-qPCR and transcriptome analysis of Hops latent viroid (HLVd) in infected and non-infectedCannabisvarieties. A thermotherapy procedure was conducted on HLVd infectedCannabis sativameristem tissue maintained through tissue culture micropropagation techniques. Total RNA was isolated from the cultured plantlet stocks and evaluated by a real-time reverse transcriptase assay for HLVd. Infection status post thermotherapy was assessed, and viroid-free plants were maintained and subsequently tested. A single thermotherapy-treated cultivar, Anna Lee was selected for transcriptomics, and an analysis of the genes that were differentially regulated in infected and non-infected treated plants is discussed.
Principles of ion binding to RNA inferred from the analysis of a 1.55 Å resolution bacterial ribosome structure – Part I: Mg2+
Authors: Leonarski Filip , Henning-Knechtel Anja , Kirmizialtin Serdal , Ennifar Eric , Auffinger Pascal 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACTThe importance of Mg2+ions for RNA structure and function can difficultly be overstated. Several attempts were made to establish a comprehensive Mg2+binding site classification. However, such descriptions were hampered by poorly modelled ion binding sites. Recently, ribosome cryo-EM structures with resolutions < 2.0 Å allowed better descriptions of site-bound ions. However, in a recent cryo-EM 1.55 ÅE. coliribosome structure, incomplete ion assignments prevented a full understanding of their binding modes. We revisited this model to establish general binding principles applicable to any RNA of sufficient resolution. These principles rely on the 2.9 Å distance separating two Mg2+-boundcis-water molecules. By applying these rules, we could assign all Mg2+ions bound with 2 to 4 non-water oxygens. We also uncovered unanticipated motifs where up to five adjacent nucleotides wrap around a single ion. The formation of these complex motifs involves a hierarchical dehydration of the Mg2+ions, a process that plays a significant role in ribosome biogenesis and in the folding of large RNAs. These binding principles enhance our understanding of the roles of ions in RNA structure and will help refining the solvation shell of different ribosomes and of RNAs with complex topologies.
A Step-Emulsion Based Digital-RPA for Pathogenic Bacteria Detection
Authors: jin Jing , Lu Ling , Chen Huicheng , Wang Yunhua , Zheng Gouxia 
Published: April 2024

AbstractFoodborne bacteria are major causes that affect human health. Development of new method that could achieve Rapid, sensitive and quantitative detection of pathogen is urgently needed. In this research, a step emulsion microfluidic,combined with droplet-based digital-RPA, was developed to detectVibrio parahaemolyticus, a major seafood-borne pathogenic bacteria. Specific and rapid detection ofVibrio parahaemolyticusin 30 min has been achieved by this new device, with a detection limit of 10 CFU/μL, about 10-times lower than classical tube-based RPA. This device was demonstrated to be a promising tool for detection of pathogenic bacteria.
SBT5.2s are the major active extracellular subtilases processing IgG antibody 2F5 in theNicotiana benthamianaapoplast
Authors: Beritza Konstantina , Buscaill Pierre , Song Shi-Jian , Jutras Philippe V. , Huang Jie , Mach Lukas , Dong Suomeng , van der Hoorn Renier A. L. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPlants offer a powerful platform for recombinant protein production but degradation of recombinant proteins by endogenous proteases is causing severe yield losses. Here, we introduce triple knockout lines for SBT5.2, the major active subtilases in the apoplast of agroinfiltratedNicotiana benthamiana. HIV-neutralising IgG antibody 2F5 is no longer cleaved in the apoplast ofsbt5.2mutants and these mutants accumulate 3-fold more 2F5 upon transient expression but grow normally. Remarkably, however, 2F5 does not accumulate in the apoplast and is not exposed to SBT5.2 when transiently expressed, uncovering an important controversy regarding the subcellular localisation of IgGs in agroinfiltrated plants.
WITHDRAWN: Immune regulatorsEDS1andPAD4constrainADR1-dependent disease resistance in rice
Authors: Fernandes Joel , Wang Junli , Su Rong , Lee Tak , Zheng Zichao , Perin Silvina , Cesari Stella , Jalilian Ahmad , Sciallano Coline , Szurek Boris , Cui Haitao , Kroj Thomas , Parker Jane E. 
Published: April 2024

Withdrawal StatementThe authors have withdrawn this manuscript owing to finding inconsistencies in genotyping of kitaake rice eds1 pad4 double mutant lines and to establishing that combined loss of EDS1 and PAD4 does not underlie the stunted ‘autoimmune-like’ phenotype reported in this preprint. Therefore, the authors do not wish this work to be cited as reference for the project. If you have any questions, please contact the corresponding authors: Jane Parker, Thomas Kroj and Haitao Cui (co-corresponding)
Solitons in binary compounds with stacked two-dimensional honeycomb lattices
Authors: Muten James H. , Frankland Louise H. , McCann Edward 
Published: April 2024

We model the electronic properties of thin films of binary compounds with stacked layers where each layer is a two-dimensional honeycomb lattice with two atoms per unit cell. The two atoms per cell are assigned different on-site energies in order to consider six different stacking orders: ABC, ABA, AA, ABC′, ABA′, and AA′. Using a minimal tight-binding model with nearest-neighbor hopping, we consider whether a fault in the texture of on-site energies in the vertical, stacking direction supports localized states, and we find localized states within the bulk band gap for ABC, ABA, and AA′ stacking. Depending on the stacking type, parameter values, and whether the soliton is atomically sharp or a smooth texture, there are a range of different band structures including soliton bands that are either isolated or that hybridize with other states, such as surface states, and soliton bands that are either dispersive or flat, the latter yielding narrow features in the density of states. We discuss the relevance of our results to specific materials including graphene, hexagonal boron nitride, and other binary compounds.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
JLab spectral functions of argon in nuwro and their implications for MicroBooNE
Authors: Banerjee Rwik Dharmapal , Ankowski Artur M. , Graczyk Krzysztof M. , Kowal Beata E. , Prasad Hemant , Sobczyk Jan T. 
Published: April 2024

The Short-Baseline Neutrino program in Fermilab aims to resolve the nature of the low-energy excess events observed in LSND and MiniBooNE, and analyze with unprecedented precision neutrino interactions with argon. These studies require a reliable estimate of neutrino cross sections, in particular for charged current quasielastic scattering (CCQE). Here, we report updates of the uro Monte Carlo generator that, most notably, bring the state-of-the-art spectral functions to model the ground state properties of the argon nucleus, and improve the accuracy of the cross sections at low energies by accounting for the effects of the nuclear Coulomb potential. We discuss these developments in the context of electron and neutrino interactions, by comparing updated uro predictions to experimental data from Jefferson Laboratory Hall A and MicroBooNE. The MicroBooNE CCQE-dominated data are described with the χ2 per degree of freedom of 0.7, compared with 1.0 in the local Fermi gas model. The largest improvement is observed for the angular distributions of the produced protons, where the χ2 reduces nearly by half. Being obtained using the axial form factor parametrization from MINERvA, our results indicate a consistency between the CCQE measurements in MINERvA and MicroBooNE.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Supersymmetry with scalar sequestering
Authors: Baer Howard , Barger Vernon , Martinez Dakotah 
Published: April 2024

Supersymmetric models with a strongly interacting superconformal hidden sector (HS) may drive soft supersymmetry (SUSY) breaking scalar masses, bilinear soft term Bμ and Higgs combinations mHu,d2+μ2 to small values at some intermediate scale, leading to unique sparticle mass spectra along with possibly diminished fine-tuning in spite of a large superpotential μ parameter. We set up a computer code to calculate such spectra, which are then susceptible to a variety of constraints: (1) possible charge-or-color breaking (CCB) minima in the scalar potential, (2) unbounded from below (UFB) scalar potential, (3) improper electroweak symmetry breaking, (4) a charged or sneutrino lightest SUSY particle (LSP), (5) generating mh∼125  GeV, (6) consistency with LHC sparticle mass limits, and (7) naturalness. We find this bevy of constraints leaves little or no viable parameter space for the case where hidden sector dynamics dominates minimal supersymmetric standard model (MSSM) running, even for the case of nonuniversal gaugino masses. For the case with moderate HS running with comparable MSSM running, and with universal gaugino masses, then the fine-tuning is ameliorated, but nonetheless remains high. Viable spectra with moderate HS running and with low fine-tuning and large μ can be found for nonuniversal gaugino masses.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Probing Zee-Babu states at muon colliders
Authors: Jueid Adil , Chowdhury Talal Ahmed , Nasri Salah , Saad Shaikh 
Published: April 2024

The Zee-Babu model is a minimal realization of radiative neutrino mass generation mechanism at the two-loop level. We study the phenomenology of this model at future multi-TeV muon colliders. After imposing all theoretical and low-energy experimental constraints on the model parameters, we find that the Zee-Babu states are expected not to reside below the TeV scale, making it challenging to probe them at the LHC. We first analyze the production rates for various channels, including multi singly charged and/or doubly charged scalars at muon colliders. For concreteness, we study several benchmark points that satisfy neutrino oscillation data and other constraints and find that most channels have large production rates. We then analyze the discovery reach of the model using two specific channels: the pair production of singly and doubly charged scalars. For the phenomenologically viable scenarios considered in this study, charged scalars with masses up to O(3–4)  TeV can be probed for the center-of-mass energy of 10 TeV and total luminosity of 10  ab−1.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Analytic third-order QCD corrections to top-quark and semileptonic
b→u
decays
Authors: Chen Long-Bin , Li Hai Tao , Li Zhao , Wang Jian , Wang Yefan , Wu Quan-feng 
Published: April 2024

We present the first analytic results of next-to-next-to-next-to-leading-order (N3LO) QCD corrections to the top-quark decay width. We focus on the dominant leading color contribution, which includes light-quark loops. At next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO), this dominant contribution accounts for 95% of the total correction. By utilizing the optical theorem, the N3LO corrections are related to the imaginary parts of the four-loop self-energy Feynman diagrams, which are calculated with differential equations. The results are expressed in terms of harmonic polylogarithms, enabling fast and accurate evaluation. The third-order QCD corrections decrease the leading-order decay width by 0.667%, and the scale uncertainty is reduced by half compared to the NNLO result. The most precise prediction for the top-quark width is now 1.321 GeV for mt=172.69  GeV. Additionally, we obtain the third-order QCD corrections to the dilepton invariant mass spectrum and decay width in the semileptonic b→u transition. The perturbative series in the on-shell mass scheme exhibits poor convergence behavior. In the MS¯ mass scheme, the scale dependence is greatly improved. A more precise determination of the CKM matrix element Vub could be obtained with such higher-order corrections.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
At-wavelength metrology of an X-ray mirror using a downstream wavefront modulator
Authors: Zhou Tunhe , Hu Lingfei , Wang Hongchang 
Published: April 2024

At-wavelength metrology of X-ray optics plays a crucial role in evaluating the performance of optics under actual beamline operating conditions, enabling in situ diagnostics and optimization. Techniques utilizing a wavefront random modulator have gained increasing attention in recent years. However, accurately mapping the measured wavefront slope to a curved X-ray mirror surface when the modulator is downstream of the mirror has posed a challenge. To address this problem, an iterative method has been developed in this study. The results demonstrate a significant improvement compared with conventional approaches and agree with offline measurements obtained from optical metrology. We believe that the proposed method enhances the accuracy of at-wavelength metrology techniques, and empowers them to play a greater role in beamline operation and optics fabrication.
Understanding masstige wine brands’ potential for consumer-brand relationships
Authors: Rodrigues Paula , Sousa Ana , Borges Ana Pinto , Matos Graça Ramos Paulo 
Published: April 2024

Purpose
This study aims to fill various gaps detected in the literature on mass prestige (hereafter referred to as masstige) theory. The originality of the work stems from the multidimensional application of Paul’s (2015) model, the introduction of brand addiction as a construct from the consumer-brand relationship (CBR) theory within the context of wines and the exploration of a new and less studied sector in masstige strategies.

Design/methodology/approach
A structured questionnaire was distributed to collect data from masstige wine brand buyers in Portugal, of whom 166 completed the questionnaire correctly. A conceptual model was developed and tested using partial least squares structural equation modelling.

Findings
The findings include that only two dimensions of Paul’s (2015) masstige scale affect brand addiction: brand knowledge and excitement and status. Brand addiction has a positive effect on brand loyalty and electronic word of mouth (eWOM), and brand loyalty has a positive impact on eWOM. Theoretical and managerial implications were explored.

Originality/value
This research added a CBR perspective to masstige theory and applied masstige theory to wine brands for the first time. These three distinctive aspects collectively contribute to the novelty and significance of the research, opening up exciting possibilities for future investigations and providing a valuable contribution to the academic community and the wine industry alike.