bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A two‐stage substation equipment classification method based on dual‐scale attention
Authors: Yao Yiyang , Wang Xue , Zhou Guoqing , Wang Qing 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAccurate classification of substation equipment images remains challenging due to various factors such as unexpected illumination, viewing angles, scale variations, shadows, surface contaminants, and different elements sharing similar appearances. This paper presents a novel two‐stage substation equipment classification method based on dual‐scale attention. Leveraging the region proposal technique from Faster‐regions with CNN features (RCNN), the input images are initially decomposed into multiple scales to capture latent features. A dual‐scale attention module is introduced to enhance the precision of feature extraction. Furthermore, a two‐stage network is proposed to address the challenge of classifying closely similar substation equipment. A multi‐layer perceptron performs a coarse classification to categorize the equipment into broad categories. Then, a lightweight classifier is employed for fine‐grained subclassification, further distinguishing equipment within the same broad category. To mitigate the issue of limited training data, a specialized dataset is collected and annotated for the substation equipment classification. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves remarkable accuracy, recall, and F1‐score surpassing 0.91, outperforming mainstream approaches in terms of recall and F1 scores. Ablation experiments further validate the significant contributions of both the dual‐scale attention and the two‐stage classification module in improving the overall performance of the classification network.
Integrated bioinformatics analysis identified leucine rich repeat containing 15 and secreted phosphoprotein 1 as hub genes for calcific aortic valve disease and osteoarthritis
Authors: Gong Shuji , Xiang Kun , Chen Le , Zhuang Huanwei , Song Yaning , Chen Jinlan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractCalcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) and osteoarthritis (OA) are common diseases in the ageing population and share similar pathogenesis, especially in inflammation. This study aims to discover potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets in patients with CAVD and OA. Three CAVD datasets and one OA dataset were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. We used bioinformatics methods to search for key genes and immune infiltration, and established a ceRNA network. Immunohistochemical staining was performed to verify the expression of candidate genes in human and mice aortic valve tissues. Two key genes obtained, leucine rich repeat containing 15 (LRRC15) and secreted phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1), were further screened using machine learning and verified in human and mice aortic valve tissues. Compared to normal tissues, the infiltration of immune cells in CAVD tissues was significantly higher, and the expressions of LRRC15 and SPP1 were positively correlated with immune cells infiltration. Moreover, the ceRNA network showed extensive regulatory interactions based on LRRC15 and SPP1. The authors’ findings identified LRRC15 and SPP1 as hub genes in immunological mechanisms during CAVD and OA initiation and progression, as well as potential targets for drug development.
Theoretical characterization of the temperature-dependent saturation magnetization of magnetic metallic materials
Authors: Wu 吴 Jin-Long 金龙 , Dong 董 Pan 攀 , He 贺 Yi 屹 , Ma 马 Yan-Li 艳丽 , Li 李 Zi-Yuan 梓源 , Yao 姚 Qin-Yuan 沁远 , Qiu 邱 Jun 俊 , Ma 麻 Jian-Zuo 建坐 , Li 李 Wei-Guo 卫国 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Based on the force–heat equivalence energy density principle, a theoretical model for magnetic metallic materials is developed, which characterizes the temperature-dependent magnetic anisotropy energy by considering the equivalent relationship between magnetic anisotropy energy and heat energy; then the relationship between the magnetic anisotropy constant and saturation magnetization is considered. Finally, we formulate a temperature-dependent model for saturation magnetization, revealing the inherent relationship between temperature and saturation magnetization. Our model predicts the saturation magnetization for nine different magnetic metallic materials at different temperatures, exhibiting satisfactory agreement with experimental data. Additionally, the experimental data used as reference points are at or near room temperature. Compared to other phenomenological theoretical models, this model is considerably more accessible than the data required at 0 K. The index included in our model is set to a constant value, which is equal to 10/3 for materials other than Fe, Co, and Ni. For transition metals (Fe, Co, and Ni in this paper), the index is 6 in the range of 0 K to 0.65T
cr (T
cr is the critical temperature), and 3 in the range of 0.65T
cr to T
cr, unlike other models where the adjustable parameters vary according to each material. In addition, our model provides a new way to design and evaluate magnetic metallic materials with superior magnetic properties over a wide range of temperatures.
Role of magnetic fields on the outer crust in a magnetar*
Authors: Jiang 蒋 Wei 威 , Chen 陈 Yan-jun 晏军 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
We explore the properties of 4110 nuclides from

to

with the Sky3D code and the composition of the outer crust in magnetars under extreme magnetic fields. The effects of the variation in nuclear masses due to magnetic fields on the outer crust are comprehensively studied. The neutron-drip transition pressure, equation of state, and neutron fraction in the outer crust are also discussed.
Moving doubly heavy baryon in a strongly coupled plasma via holography*
Authors: Liu 刘 Xuan 旋 , Jiang 江 Jia-Jie 佳杰 , Chen 陈 Xun 勋 , Fujita Mitsutoshi , Watanabe Akira 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Gauge/gravity duality is used to study the properties of the doubly heavy baryon

at finite rapidity and temperature in heavy-ion collisions. We investigate the impact of rapidity on string breaking and screening of

and compare these effects with the results for

in detail. Computations reveal that the string-breaking distances of

and

are close in the confined state, and the effects of rapidity and temperature on the string breaking are not significant. An interesting result shows that

cannot be determined at sufficiently high temperatures and rapidities. However,

can exist under any conditions as long as the separation distance is sufficiently small. Furthermore, the screening distances of

and

are compared at finite rapidity and temperature. Based on the above analysis, we infer that

is more stable than

at finite rapidity and temperature.
Dust Condensation of SiC, SiO in Asymptotic Giant Branch Stellar Winds-SiC Spectrum
Authors: Wu Ruiqing , Zhu Chunhua , Lü Guoliang , Yang Shuming , Meng Zhisen , Zhang Xiaojiao , Lu Xizhen , Yu Jinlong , Chen Wujin , Long Mengqiu 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
We have chosen the Large Scale Atomic/Molecular Massively Parallel Simulator (LAMMPS) code to calculate the coalescence of silicon carbide (SiC), silicon oxide dust (SiO) in the AGB stellar wind. LAMMPS is a classical molecular dynamics simulation code. At the same time, we consider the effect of temperature on the evolution of molecular dynamics. We also calculated the temperature change of non-spherical SiC, SiO dust coalescence. The condensation temperature range of SiC dust in the AGB stellar wind is [300–500]k and [900–1100]k for SiO. Finally, the infrared spectrum of SiC was calculated using Gaussian 16 software. The 77SiC, 70Si3C3, and 121Si3C3 models have clear characteristic peaks of infrared spectra responding at 5, 8.6, 11.3, 15, 19, and 37 μm.
BSEC Method for Unveiling Open Clusters and its Application to Gaia DR3: 83 New Clusters
Authors: Li Zhong-Mu , Mao Cai-Yan 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Open clusters (OCs) are common in the Milky Way, but most of them remain undiscovered. There are numerous techniques, including some machine-learning algorithms, available for the exploration of OCs. However, each method has its limitations and therefore, different approaches to discovering OCs hold significant values. We develop a comprehensive approach method to automatically explore the data space and identify potential OC candidates with relatively reliable membership determination. This approach combines the techniques of Hierarchical Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise, Gaussian mixture model, and a novel cluster member identification technique, color excess constraint. The new method exhibits efficiency in detecting OCs while ensuring precise determination of cluster memberships. Because the main feature of this technique is to add an extra constraint (EC) for the members of cluster candidates using the homogeneity of color excess, compared to typical blind search codes, it is called Blind Search-Extra Constraint (BSEC) method. It is successfully applied to the Gaia Data Release 3, and 83 new OCs are found, whose color–magnitude diagrams (CMDs) are fitted well to the isochrones. In addition, this study reports 621 new OC candidates with discernible main sequence or red giant branch. It is shown that BSEC technique can discard some false negatives of previous works, which takes about three percentage of known clusters. It shows that as an EC, the color excess (or two-color) constraint is useful for removing fake cluster member stars from the clusters that are identified from the positions and proper motions of stars, and getting more precise CMDs, when differential reddening of member stars of a cluster is not large (e.g., ΔE(G
BP − G
RP) < 0.5 mag). It makes the CMDs of 15% clusters clearer (in particular for the region near turnoff) and therefore is helpful for CMD and stellar population studies. Our result suggests that the color excess constraint is more appropriate for clusters with small differential reddening, such as globular clusters or older OCs, and clusters that the distances of member stars cannot be determined accurately.
First Light Curve Analysis of NSVS 8294044, V1023 Her, and V1397 Her Contact Binary Systems
Authors: Poro Atila , Baudart Sabrina , Nourmohammad Mahshid , Sabaghpour Arani Zahra , Farhadi Fatemeh , Ranjbar Salehian Selda , Sarostad Ahmad , Ranjbaryan Iri Olya Saeideh , Hadizadeh Maryam , Khodaei AmirHossein 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The first photometric light curve investigation of the NSVS 8294044, V1023 Her, and V1397 Her binary systems is presented. We used ground-based observations for the NSVS 8294044 system and Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite data for V1023 Her and V1397 Her. The primary and secondary times of minima were extracted from all the data, and, by collecting the literature, a new ephemeris was computed for each system. Linear fits for the O − C diagrams were conducted using the Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method. Light curve solutions were performed using the PHysics Of Eclipsing BinariEs Python code and the MCMC approach. The systems were found to be contact binary stars based on the fillout factor and mass ratio. V1023 Her showed the O’Connell effect, and a cold starspot on the secondary component was required for the light curve solution. The absolute parameters of the system were estimated based on an empirical relationship between orbital period and mass. We presented a new T–M equation based on a sample of 428 contact binary systems and found that our three target systems were in good agreement with the fit. The positions of the systems were also depicted on the M–L, M–R, q–L
ratio, and M
tot–J
0 diagrams in the logarithmic scales.
Coalescent processes emerging from large deviations
Authors: Levien Ethan 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The classical model for the genealogies of a neutrally evolving population in a fixed environment is due to Kingman. Kingman’s coalescent process, which produces a binary tree, emerges universally from many microscopic models in which the variance in the number of offspring is finite. It is understood that power-law offsprings distributions with infinite variance can result in a very different type of coalescent structure with merging of more than two lineages. Here, we investigate the regime where the variance of the offspring distribution is finite but comparable to the population size. This is achieved by studying a model in which the log offspring sizes have stretched exponential tails. Such offspring distributions are motivated by biology, where they emerge from a toy model of growth in a heterogeneous environment, but also from mathematics and statistical physics, where limit theorems and phase transitions for sums over random exponentials have received considerable attention due to their appearance in the partition function of Derrida’s random energy model (REM). We find that the limit coalescent is a β-coalescent—a previously studied model emerging from evolutionary dynamics models with heavy-tailed offspring distributions. We also discuss the connection to previous results on the REM.
On the atypical solutions of the symmetric binary perceptron
Authors: Barbier Damien , El Alaoui Ahmed , Krzakala Florent , Zdeborová Lenka 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
We study the random binary symmetric perceptron problem, focusing on the behavior of rare high-margin solutions. While most solutions are isolated, we demonstrate that these rare solutions are part of clusters of extensive entropy, heuristically corresponding to non-trivial fixed points of an approximate message-passing algorithm. We enumerate these clusters via a local entropy, defined as a Franz–Parisi potential, which we rigorously evaluate using the first and second moment methods in the limit of a small constraint density

α

(corresponding to vanishing margin

κ

) under a certain assumption on the concentration of the entropy. This examination unveils several intriguing phenomena: (i) we demonstrate that these clusters have an entropic barrier in the sense that the entropy as a function of the distance from the reference high-margin solution is non-monotone when

κ
⩽
1.429

−
α

/

log
⁡

α

, while it is monotone otherwise, and that they have an energetic barrier in the sense that there are no solutions at an intermediate distance from the reference solution when

κ
⩽
1.239

−
α

/

log
⁡

α

. The critical scaling of the margin

κ

in

−
α

/

log
⁡
α

corresponds to the one obtained from the earlier work of Gamarnik et al (2022 (arXiv:2203.15667)) for the overlap-gap property, a phenomenon known to present a barrier to certain efficient algorithms. (ii) We establish using the replica method that the complexity (the logarithm of the number of clusters of such solutions) versus entropy (the logarithm of the number of solutions in the clusters) curves are partly non-concave and correspond to very large values of the Parisi parameter, with the equilibrium being reached when the Parisi parameter diverges.
Wet 3D printing of biodegradable porous scaffolds to enable room-temperature deposition modeling of polymeric solutions for regeneration of articular cartilage
Authors: Yu Xiaoye , Wang Peng , Gao Jingming , Fu Ye , Wang Qunsong , Chen Jun , Chen Shiyi , Ding Jiandong 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Tissue engineering has emerged as an advanced strategy to regenerate various tissues using different raw materials, and thus it is desired to develop more approaches to fabricate tissue engineering scaffolds to fit specific yet very useful raw materials such as biodegradable aliphatic polyester like poly (lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA). Herein, a technique of ‘wet 3D printing’ was developed based on a pneumatic extrusion three-dimensional (3D) printer after we introduced a solidification bath into a 3D printing system to fabricate porous scaffolds. The room-temperature deposition modeling of polymeric solutions enabled by our wet 3D printing method is particularly meaningful for aliphatic polyester, which otherwise degrades at high temperature in classic fuse deposition modeling. As demonstration, we fabricated a bilayered porous scaffold consisted of PLGA and its mixture with hydroxyapatite for regeneration of articular cartilage and subchondral bone. Long-term in vitro and in vivo degradation tests of the scaffolds were carried out up to 36 weeks, which support the three-stage degradation process of the polyester porous scaffold and suggest faster degradation in vivo than in vitro. Animal experiments in a rabbit model of articular cartilage injury were conducted. The efficacy of the scaffolds in cartilage regeneration was verified through histological analysis, micro-computed tomography (CT) and biomechanical tests, and the influence of scaffold structures (bilayer versus single layer) on in vivo tissue regeneration was examined. This study has illustrated that the wet 3D printing is an alternative approach to biofabricate tissue engineering porous scaffolds based on biodegradable polymers.
Implicit weight bias: shared neural substrates for overweight and angry facial expressions revealed by cross-adaptation
Authors: Luo Xu , Zhao Danning , Gao Yi , Yang Zhihao , Wang Da , Mei Gaoxing 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The perception of facial expression plays a crucial role in social communication, and it is known to be influenced by various facial cues. Previous studies have reported both positive and negative biases toward overweight individuals. It is unclear whether facial cues, such as facial weight, bias facial expression perception. Combining psychophysics and event-related potential technology, the current study adopted a cross-adaptation paradigm to examine this issue. The psychophysical results of Experiments 1A and 1B revealed a bidirectional cross-adaptation effect between overweight and angry faces. Adapting to overweight faces decreased the likelihood of perceiving ambiguous emotional expressions as angry compared to adapting to normal-weight faces. Likewise, exposure to angry faces subsequently caused normal-weight faces to appear thinner. These findings were corroborated by bidirectional event-related potential results, showing that adaptation to overweight faces relative to normal-weight faces modulated the event-related potential responses of emotionally ambiguous facial expression (Experiment 2A); vice versa, adaptation to angry faces relative to neutral faces modulated the event-related potential responses of ambiguous faces in facial weight (Experiment 2B). Our study provides direct evidence associating overweight faces with facial expression, suggesting at least partly common neural substrates for the perception of overweight and angry faces.
Emergence of Acquired Dolutegravir Resistance in Treatment-experienced People With HIV in Lesotho
Authors: Tschumi Nadine , Lukau Blaise , Tlali Katleho , Motaboli Lipontso , Kao Mpho , Kopo Mathebe , Haenggi Kathrin , Mokebe Moleboheng , Naegele Klaudia , Ayakaka Irene , Leuzinger Karoline , Brown Jennifer A , Labhardt Niklaus D 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
Since 2019, the World Health Organization has recommended dolutegravir-based antiretroviral therapy (ART) as the preferred regimen for human immunodeficiency virus management. Large-scale programmatic transitioning to dolutegravir-based ART was subsequently implemented across Africa, often in the absence of recent viral load testing and without access to genotypic resistance testing (GRT) in case of viremia.

Methods
This study assessed emerging dolutegravir resistance in the routine care of the Viral Load Cohort North-East Lesotho. We included pediatric and adult participants who changed from nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor– to dolutegravir-based ART and had at least 1 viral load assessment before and after the change. We sequenced available samples of participants fulfilling the additional virological criteria of having 2 viremic episodes while taking dolutegravir, with at least 1 viral load ≥500 copies/mL taken ≥18 months after changing to dolutegravir.

Results
Among 15 349 participants, 157 (1.0%) met the virological criteria, and GRT was successful for 85 (0.6%). Among these 85, 8 (9.4%) had dolutegravir resistance, with 2 (2.4%) and 6 (7.1%) predicted to have intermediate- and high-level dolutegravir resistance, respectively. One participant had 2, 2 had 1, and 5 had 0 active drugs in their regimen. A GRT from before the change to dolutegravir was available for 5 of these 8 participants: 4 had 0 and 1 had 1 active drug in their nonnucleoside transcriptase inhibitor–based regimen.

Conclusions
Nine percent of people with persistent or recurring human immunodeficiency virus viremia ≥18 months after changing to dolutegravir-based ART had dolutegravir resistance. Detection and management of emerging dolutegravir resistance must be addressed across Africa.
A female patient with Dent disease due to skewed X-chromosome inactivation
Authors: D'Ambrosio Viola , Wan Elizabeth R , Siew Keith , Hayes Wesley , Walsh Stephen B 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT
X-linked proximal tubulopathies are rare diseases that predominantly affect men. Women are generally carriers and clinical or biochemical manifestations are usually absent or mild. We present the case of a young woman who presented with a full phenotype of Dent disease type 1 due to a de novo mutation in the CLCN5 gene and a skewed X-chromosome inactivation. Although cases of overt Dent disease type 2 and Lowe syndrome in women have been described in the literature, to our knowledge this is the first case of overt Dent disease type 1.
Remarkably High Repeat Content in the Genomes of Sparrows: The Importance of Genome Assembly Completeness for Transposable Element Discovery
Authors: Benham Phred M , Cicero Carla , Escalona Merly , Beraut Eric , Fairbairn Colin , Marimuthu Mohan P A , Nguyen Oanh , Sahasrabudhe Ruta , King Benjamin L , Thomas W Kelley , Kovach Adrienne I , Nachman Michael W , Bowie Rauri C K 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Transposable elements (TE) play critical roles in shaping genome evolution. Highly repetitive TE sequences are also a major source of assembly gaps making it difficult to fully understand the impact of these elements on host genomes. The increased capacity of long-read sequencing technologies to span highly repetitive regions promises to provide new insights into patterns of TE activity across diverse taxa. Here we report the generation of highly contiguous reference genomes using PacBio long-read and Omni-C technologies for three species of Passerellidae sparrow. We compared these assemblies to three chromosome-level sparrow assemblies and nine other sparrow assemblies generated using a variety of short- and long-read technologies. All long-read based assemblies were longer (range: 1.12 to 1.41 Gb) than short-read assemblies (0.91 to 1.08 Gb) and assembly length was strongly correlated with the amount of repeat content. Repeat content for Bell's sparrow (31.2% of genome) was the highest level ever reported within the order Passeriformes, which comprises over half of avian diversity. The highest levels of repeat content (79.2% to 93.7%) were found on the W chromosome relative to other regions of the genome. Finally, we show that proliferation of different TE classes varied even among species with similar levels of repeat content. These patterns support a dynamic model of TE expansion and contraction even in a clade where TEs were once thought to be fairly depauperate and static. Our work highlights how the resolution of difficult-to-assemble regions of the genome with new sequencing technologies promises to transform our understanding of avian genome evolution.