bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent glacier variations in Mongolia
Authors: Tsutomu Kadota , Gombo Davaa 
Published: December 2007

AbstractGlacier monitoring enables us to detect influences of global warming in high mountain regions. To initiate the establishment of a glacier-monitoring network in northern Eurasia, we studied recent glacier variations in Mongolia using topographical maps, aerial photographs and satellite images (Corona and Landsat). Glaciers in Mongolia exist in the Altai mountains which span approximately 1400 km within Russia, China and Mongolia. Four regions were selected to form the study area: Tavan Bogd region, Turgen massif, Kharkhiraa massif and Tsambagarav massif. During the period from the 1940s to 2000 or from 1968 to 2000, the glaciers in these regions lost 10.2%, 19.3%, 28.0% and 28.8% of their area respectively. The glaciers in the Tavan Bogd, Kharkhiraa and Turgen regions were found to have been almost stationary since 1987/88, while those in Tsambagarav massif showed no significant change in area since 1963. Shrinkage of the glaciers occurred between 1945/68 and 1987/88 in the former regions and between 1948 and 1963 in the latter. Mongolian glaciers seem to behave differently from other glaciers which have been experiencing steady shrinkage recently.
The impact of global change on low-elevation blue-ice areas in Antarctica: a thermo-hydrodynamic modelling study
Authors: Rasmus Kai , Beckmann Aike 
Published: December 2007

AbstractIn Antarctica, low-elevation (<1000 m) blue-ice areas (LEBIAs) may experience melt–freeze cycles due to absorbed solar radiation and the small heat conductivity in the ice. In some cases, LEBIAs can contain significant amounts of subsurface liquid water. Since the spatial extent of blue-ice areas depends on climatic conditions, they have been seen as good indicators of warming in Antarctica. A two-dimensional (x-z) model has been developed to simulate the formation and water circulation in the subsurface ponds. The model results show that for a reasonable parameter set, the formation of liquid water within the ice can be reproduced. Vertical convection and a weak overturning circulation is generated which acts to stratify the fluid and transport warmer water downward, thereby causing additional melting at the base of the pond. In a multi-year integration, a global warming scenario mimicked by a decadal-scale increase (3˚C per 100 years) in air temperature, leads to a general increase in subsurface water volume and changes in pond shape and depth. Even before melting at the surface is reached, heat that accumulates below a certain depth can no longer be removed during winter and leads to disintegration of the ice.
The impact of jökulhlaups on basal sliding observed by SAR interferometry on Vatnajökull, Iceland
Authors: Magnússon Eyjólfur , Rott Helmut , Björnsson Helgi , Pálsson Finnur 
Published: December 2007

AbstractWe have analyzed InSAR data from the ERS-1/ERS-2 tandem mission, to study the ice dynamics of Vatnajökull, Iceland, during jökulhlaups from the Skaftá cauldrons and the Grímsvötn geothermal area, which drained under the Tungnaárjökull and Skeiðarárjökull outlets, respectively. During the initial phase of a Grímsvötn jökulhlaup in March 1996, the velocity of Skeiðarárjökull increased up to three-fold (relative to observed velocities in December 1995) over an area up to 8 km wide around the subglacial flood path. Accumulation of water was observed at one location in the flood path. During a small jökulhlaup from the Skaftá cauldrons in October 1995 the velocity on Tungnaárjökull increased up to four-fold over a 9 km wide area. The velocity increase was observed 1.5 days before the floodwater was detected in the river Skaftá. A reduced glacier speed as the flood peaked in Skaftá indicates evolution of the subglacial drainage system from sheet to tunnel flow. The glacier acceleration and local uplift, observed in the early phase of both jökulhlaups, supports the concept that increased water inflow in a narrow tunnel system causes water pressure to rise and forces water into areas outside the channels, thus reducing the coupling of ice with the glacier bed.
Reversal of ice motion during the outburst of a glacier-dammed lake on Gornergletscher, Switzerland
Authors: Sugiyama Shin , Bauder Andreas , Weiss Patrik , Funk Martin 
Published: December 2007

AbstractDuring the outburst flood of a glacier-dammed lake on Gornergletscher, Switzerland, in July 2004, the drained lake water triggered anomalous glacier motion. At the onset of the outburst, the ice-flow direction in the vicinity of the lake became closer to the central flowline. When the lake discharge magnitude decreased, the flow direction altered such that the ice moved back to the azimuth of the initial motion. At one of the survey points, where the ice flows parallel to the central flowline, the ice accelerated along the pre-event flow direction followed by a 180° backward motion that lasted over 2 days. These observations indicate the impact of the lake outburst on the subglacial and englacial stress conditions; however, the reversal in the flow direction is difficult to explain by drawing on our current understanding of glacier mechanics. The timing and the timescale of the flow-direction changes suggest that the elastic glacier motion and its rebound played a role under the rapidly changing stress conditions, but the Young’s modulus of ice is too large to cause the observed ice motion. Other processes, including basal separation and subglacial sediment deformation, are discussed as possible mechanisms for the reversal of the ice motion.
Laminar flow and mass transport in a twice–folded microchannel
Authors: Barz Dominik P. J. , Zadeh Hamid Farangis , Ehrhard Peter 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe flow and mass transport within a twice–folded microchannel is investigated. For the measurement of the concentration field the microlaser–induced fluorescence technique (μLIF) is engaged. Microparticle image velocimetry (μPIV) is further employed to obtain the velocity field. Deviation from standard μPIV by seeding a partial stream of the flow only, results in partial velocity profiles. This procedure allows for the observation of the contact interface between the seeded and the unseeded liquid. Distorted contact interfaces is recognized within and after each bend, indicating strong secondary flows. The measurements are compared to numerical simulations, solving for both the flow, and the mass‐transport equations, and, subsequently, performing particle tracking. The results are, on one hand, in reasonable agreement with the experiments. On the other hand, the differences between the contact interface from the mass‐transport equation and from particle tracking clarifies the effect of diffusion. © 2007 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2008
Wetting dynamics in multiscale porous media. Porous pore‐doublet model, experiment and theory
Authors: Lundström T. Staffan , Gustavsson L. Håkan , Jēkabsons Normunds , Jakovics Andris 
Published: December 2007

AbstractFiber reinforced composite materials often consist of fibers gathered in bundles. Thus, during manufacturing, a liquid resin impregnates a multiscale porous medium. For wetting systems the capillary pressure jump becomes much higher in the smaller pores, i.e., within the bundles, and in addition to any applied pressure gradient there will be a local driving pressure gradient between the small‐ and large‐scale areas. Such gradients will influence mechanisms, such as void formation and particle filtration. Hence, it is of interest to clarify the mechanisms for the wetting in general and the influence from the detailed geometry of the fiber network in particular. In this article, a porous pore‐doublet model is studied in order to determine if an overflow of liquid can explain a leading flow in the smaller capillaries, and at which conditions it takes place. Experiments, as well as theoretical calculations on this generic geometry show that the leading front can be in the smaller capillary, as well as in the larger one. The outcome is dependent on the actual permeability of the porous material being a parameter that determines to what extent the larger capillary feeds the smaller one. © 2007 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2008
Active ghrelin levels across time and associations with leptin and anthropometrics in healthy ache Amerindian women of Paraguay
Authors: Bribiescas Richard G. , Betancourt Jaime , Torres Angélica M. , Reiches Meredith 
Published: December 2007

AbstractActive (acylated) ghrelin is a peptide hormone secreted primarily by the stomach, positively associated with fasting, orexigenic, and promotes growth hormone secretion. It is therefore important to energy intake management. The objective of this pilot research was to (1) compare active ghrelin with previous measurements of leptin and anthropometrics; (2) assess the consistency of active ghrelin across time in this population; (3) extend our understanding of potential population variation in active ghrelin. Two serum samples separated by 10 days at the same time between meals were collected from healthy Ache women (n = 12, mean age 32.2 ± 14.0 SD) to determine consistency over time, associations with leptin, and anthropmetric values. Mean active ghrelin was 72.9 ± 23.0 pg/ml, highly correlated (r2 = 0.95, P < 0.0001) between collections, and showed no paired mean differences (P < 0.18). There was no significant correlation with leptin, age, or anthropometric measures. Active ghrelin appears to be consistent over time in this population, perhaps reflecting regimented meal schedules and less interpopulation variation compared to leptin. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Higher levels of central adiposity in healthy premenopausal women with family histories of premenopausal breast cancer
Authors: Dettenborn Lucia , James Gary D. , Britton Julie A. , Bovbjerg Dana H. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractResearch strongly suggests that lower overall adiposity and higher central adiposity are independent risk factors for premenopausal breast cancer in the general population. We aimed to test the possibility that these factors may contribute to familial risk of premenopausal breast cancer. A convenience sample of healthy women, ages 25–49, was recruited to yield three study groups: (1) Women with first‐degree family histories of premenopausal breast cancer, operationally defined as being diagnosed prior to age 50 (Group FH < 50, n = 39); (2) Women with first‐degree family histories of postmenopausal breast cancer, operationally defined as being diagnosed at age 50 or after (Group FH ≥ 50, n = 33); and (3) Women without a history of breast cancer in first‐degree relatives (Group FH−, n = 132). Multinomial logistic regression analyses, including possible confounders, waist circumference, and BMI, revealed a lower BMI among FH < 50 compared to either FH− (OR = 0.72; 95% CI = 0.59–0.87), or FH ≥ 50 women (OR = 0.75; 95% CI = 0.60–0.95), and higher waist circumferences in FH < 50 compared to either FH− (OR = 1.15; 95% CI = 1.06–1.25), or FH ≥ 50 women (OR = 1.16; 95% CI = 1.05–1.28). No group differences were seen for waist skinfold measures. These results support the possibility that differences in patterns of adiposity may contribute to familial risk of premenopausal breast cancer, and suggest the importance of conducting large scale, population‐based studies of the link between body size characteristics and familial breast cancer risk. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Y‐STR analysis in Brazilian and South Amerindian populations
Authors: Leite Fabio P. N. , Callegari‐Jacques Sidia M. , Carvalho Bianca A. , Kommers Trícia , Matte Cecília H. F. , Raimann Paulo E. , Schwengber Solange P. , Sortica Vinicius A. , Tsuneto Luiza T. , Petzl‐Erler M. Luiza , Salzano Francisco M. , Hutz Mara H. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractA sample of 203 Brazilian males from Rio Grande do Sul (RS), the Brazilian southernmost state, was typed for 11 Y‐STR markers (DYS19, DYS389I/II, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, DYS393, DYS385, DYS437, DYS438, and DYS439). We also typed 42 individuals from two South Amerindian tribes (Kaingang and Guarani) to use the data as parental Amerindian contribution to our analyses. Gene and haplotypic diversities were estimated, with the South Amerindian samples showing smaller values for these parameters than Brazilians. To obtain a more comprehensive picture of the genetic structure of the Brazilian population as a whole, the Y‐STR data from the RS sample was compared with those already published. No genetic substructuring was observed in the comparisons performed. Multidimensional scaling confirmed the proposed European source of most Y‐chromosome Brazilian patrilineages. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Computational models of ethanol‐induced neurodevelopmental toxicity across species: Implications for risk assessment
Authors: Gohlke Julia M. , Griffith William C. , Faustman Elaine M. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractComputational, systems‐based approaches can provide a quantitative construct for evaluating risk in the context of mechanistic data. Previously, we developed computational models for the rat, mouse, rhesus monkey, and human, describing the acquisition of adult neuron number in the neocortex during the key neurodevelopmental processes of neurogenesis and synaptogenesis. Here we apply mechanistic data from the rat describing ethanol‐induced toxicity in the developing neocortex to evaluate the utility of these models for analyzing neurodevelopmental toxicity across species. Our model can explain long‐term neocortical neuronal loss in the rodent model after in utero exposure to ethanol based on inhibition of proliferation during neurogenesis. Our human model predicts a significant neuronal deficit after daily peak BECs reaching 10–20 mg/dl, which is the approximate BEC reached after drinking one standard drink within one hour. In contrast, peak daily BECs of 100 mg/dl are necessary to predict similar deficits in the rat. Our model prediction of increased sensitivity of primate species to ethanol‐induced inhibition of proliferation is based on application of in vivo experimental data from primates showing a prolonged rapid growth period in the primate versus rodent neuronal progenitor population. To place our predictions into a broader context, we evaluate the evidence for functional low‐dose effects across rats, monkeys, and humans. Results from this critical evaluation suggest subtle effects are evident at doses causing peak BECs of approximately 20 mg/dl daily, corroborating our model predictions. Our example highlights the utility of a systems‐based modeling approach in risk assessment. Birth Defects Res (Part B) © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Improved correction for population stratification in genome‐wide association studies by identifying hidden population structures
Authors: Li Qizhai , Yu Kai 
Published: December 2007

AbstractHidden population substructure can cause population stratification and lead to false‐positive findings in population‐based genome‐wide association (GWA) studies. Given a large panel of markers scanned in a GWA study, it becomes increasingly feasible to uncover the hidden population substructure within the study sample based on measured genotypes across the genome. Recognizing that population substructure can be displayed as clustered and/or continuous patterns of genetic variation, we propose a method that aims at the detection and correction of the confounding effect resulting from both patterns of population substructure. The proposed method is an extension of the EIGENSTRAT method (Price et al. [2006] Nat Genet 38:904–909). This approach is computationally feasible and easily applied to large‐scale GWA studies. We show through simulation studies that, compared with the EIGENSTRAT method, the new method requires a smaller number of markers and yields a more appropriate correction for population stratification. Genet. Epidemiol. 2007. Published 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Christian religious functioning and trauma outcomes
Authors: Harris J. Irene , Erbes Christopher R. , Engdahl Brian E. , Olson Raymond H. A. , Winskowski Ann Marie , McMahill Joelle 
Published: December 2007

AbstractWhile some trauma survivors find their faith helpful in recovery, others find it a source of distress, and still others abandon their faith. More complex conceptualizations of religious functioning are needed to explore its relationship with trauma. This study explores such relationships using measures of religious action and behaviors in a community sample of 327 church‐going, self‐identified trauma survivors. A principal components analysis of positive and negative religious coping, religious comforts and strains, and prayer functions identified two dimensions: Seeking Spiritual Support, which was positively related to posttraumatic growth, and Religious Strain, which was positively related to posttraumatic symptoms. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 64: 17–29, 2008.
Cognitive mediational deficits and the role of coping styles in pedophile and ephebophile Roman Catholic clergy
Authors: Ryan Gregory P. , Baerwald Jeffrey P. , McGlone Gerard 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThis study was designed to examine hypothesized differences between sex offending and nonoffending Roman Catholic clergy on cognitive mediation abilities as measured by the Rorschach Inkblot Test (H. Rorschach, 1921/1942). This study compared 78 priest pedophiles and 77 priest ephebophiles with 80 nonoffending priest controls on the Inkblot test using J. E. Exner's (2003) Comprehensive System. The three groups were compared on seven variables that constitute Exner's Cognitive Mediation cluster. Additionally, the groups' coping styles were compared to examine the interaction of coping style and cognitive mediational abilities. We found interactions between coping style and offending status across most of the cognitive variables indicating impairment in the mild to pathological ranges. Moreover, significantly higher unusual thinking styles (Xu%) and significantly lower conventional thinking styles (X+%) in offenders compared to nonoffenders. Those with an Extratensive style (n=31) showed significantly higher distorted thinking when compared to the Introversive (n=81), Ambitent (n=73), and Avoidant (n=50) coping styles. This study suggests that offenders display significantly higher distorted thinking styles than do nonoffenders. Possible reasons for these discrepancies and the role of coping styles in abusive behaviors were discussed. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 64: 1–16, 2008.
Self‐determination theory, motivational interviewing, and the treatment of clients with acute suicidal ideation
Authors: Britton Peter C. , Williams Geoffrey C. , Conner Kenneth R. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractAn overwhelming number of individuals who die by suicide suffer from mental disorders, but comparatively few are seen in psychological or psychiatric treatment. Given the efficacy of psychosocial interventions in decreasing suicide‐related behavior, the development of strategies to increase motivation for treatment is critical for clients with acute suicidal ideation. Self‐Determination Theory (SDT) provides a framework for understanding how the therapeutic relationship can affect clients' motivation for treatment. When working with clients with serious suicidal ideation, clinicians can use the principles of SDT or interventions that are congruent with SDT, such as motivational interviewing (MI), to increase clients' engagement in treatment and improve treatment outcome. SDT‐based suggestions and an adaptation of MI are introduced to guide clinicians through this process. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 64: 52–66, 2008
Psychometric properties of the Beck Depression Inventory‐II in nonclinical adolescent samples
Authors: Osman Augustine , Barrios Francisco X. , Gutierrez Peter M. , Williams John E. , Bailey Jennifer 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThis study examined the factor structure and psychometric properties of the Beck Depression Inventory‐II (BDI‐II; A. T. Beck, Steer, & Brown, 1996) in samples of high‐school adolescents (N=414; 210 boys and 204 girls, ages 14–18 years). Confirmatory factor analyses provided satisfactory fit estimates for the two‐ and three‐factor oblique solutions reported frequently in the extant literature. The solution to a general factor with domain‐specific somatic and cognitive‐affective factors was examined as an alternative model to previously established models for the current high‐school sample data. Results provided stronger support for the general factor model. Estimates of internal consistency for scores on this instrument were high (coefficient α=.92, average interitem correlation=.35). The mean BDI‐II total score for the nonclinical samples (M=12.50, SD=10.50) was compared with the mean scores reported for various adolescent normative samples in the extant literature. The BDI‐II total score correlated moderately and significantly with scores on self‐report measures of hopelessness (r=.63), anxiety (r=.53), and suicide‐related behaviors (r=.57), providing support of adequate correlates for the BDI‐II. Estimates of known‐groups validity were evaluated using data from a small sample of 167 clinical adolescent inpatients. Specific study findings, limitations, and recommendations are discussed. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 64: 83–102, 2008.
The relational context of aggression in borderline personality disorder: using adult attachment style to predict forms of hostility
Authors: Critchfield Kenneth L. , Levy Kenneth N. , Clarkin John F. , Kernberg Otto F. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractAttachment theory provides a framework for understanding and predicting critical aspects of aggression in the personality disorders. An association between borderline personality disorder (BPD) and insecure forms of adult attachment marked by high relationship anxiety has been repeatedly observed in the empirical literature. Aggression also has been linked to insecure attachment. The present study extends previous work by exploring the degree to which the underlying attachment dimensions of relationship anxiety and avoidance are associated in BPD with the following forms of hostility: (a) direct aggression (verbal or physical) initiated towards others, (b) expectation/perception of aggression from others (including “reactive” counteraggression when/if provoked), (c) aggression directed towards the self in the form of suicidality or parasuicidality, and (d) affective experience of irritability or anger. The issue was studied in a sample of 92 patients diagnosed with BPD. Results show significant association between more fearful forms of attachment (simultaneous presence of relationship anxiety and avoidance) and the more reactive form of aggression involving expectation of hostility from others. Self‐harm was significantly associated only with relational avoidance while anger and irritability were associated only with relational anxiety. Implications for understanding relational aspects of BPD aggression in research and clinical work are discussed. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., J Clin Psychol 64: 67–82, 2008.