bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nurse staffing and medication errors: Cross‐sectional or longitudinal relationships?
Authors: Mark Barbara A. , Belyea Michael 
Published: September 2008

AbstractWe used autoregressive latent trajectory (ALT) modeling to examine the relationship between change in nurse staffing and change in medication errors over 6 months in 284 general medical‐surgical nursing units. We also investigated the impact of select hospital and nursing unit characteristics on the baseline level and rate of change in medication errors. We found essentially no support for a nurse staffing–medication error relationship either cross‐sectionally or longitudinally. Few hospital or nursing unit characteristics had significant relationships to either the baseline level or rate of change in medication errors. However, ALT modeling is a promising technique that can promote a deeper understanding of the theoretically complex relationships that may underlie the nurse staffing–medication error relationship. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 32:18–30, 2009
Morphology and mechanical properties of impact modified polypropylene blends
Authors: Tortorella Nathan , Beatty Charles L. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractIsotactic polypropylene (PP) has been reactively blended with various grades of an ethylene–octene copolymer (EOC) in a twin‐screw extruder. Free radical polymerization of styrene and a multifunctional acrylate during melt extrusion has resulted in an enhancement of mechanical properties over the binary blend. The reactive blend exhibits a notched Izod impact strength over 12 times that of pure polypropylene and greater than double the performance of the binary blend. Electron microscopy shows that by grafting onto the polymers, elastomer particle size and interparticle distance decrease, while particle shape becomes less spherical. The acrylate is crucial to achieve superior performance, as infrared spectra correlate an increase in graft yield to improvements in stress–strain behavior and impact strength. In addition, melt flow index (MFI) and melt strength data indicate a reduction in unwanted side reactions of polypropylene and the presence of long‐chain branching. Dynamic‐mechanical analysis reveals that the reaction promotes miscibility between polypropylene and the EOC and reduces molecular mobility at their glass‐transition temperatures. Mechanical properties, graft yield, and MFI are shown to be highly dependent upon the elastomer's concentration, density, and molecular weight, initiator and monomer concentration, as well as processing temperature. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2008. © 2008 Society of Plastics Engineers
Synthesis and immunosuppressive activity of new cyclolinopeptide A analogs modified with β‐prolines
Authors: Katarzyńska Joanna , Mazur Adam , Bilska Magdalena , Adamek Edyta , Zimecki Michał , Jankowski Stefan , Zabrocki Janusz 
Published: September 2008

AbstractImmune response suppressors are used in the medical praxis to prevent graft rejection after organ transplantation and in the therapy of some autoimmune diseases. As a continuation of our previous work searching for new, effective suppressors devoid of toxicity, we present the synthesis, conformational analysis, and biological activity of nonapeptides 1–6, analogs of naturally existing immunomodulatory peptide CLA. New CLA analogs were modified with (S)‐β2‐iso‐proline 7 or (S)‐β3‐homo‐proline 8, respectively. The conformational influence of the β‐iso‐proline and β‐homo‐proline building blocks was analyzed by NMR spectroscopy. Peptides 1–6 exist as a mixture of four isomers due to cis/trans isomerization of the Xxx–Pro peptide bond. The major isomers of peptides 1, 3, and 4 contain all peptide bonds of the trans geometry. The geometry of the proline–proline bond of the second populated isomer of peptides 3 and 4 is cis. The proline–proline peptide bond is cis for the major isomers of peptides 2, 5, and 6. The peptides were tested for their ability to suppress the proliferative response of mouse splenocytes to T‐ and B‐cell mitogens and the secondary humoral immune response to sheep erythrocytes in vitro in parallel with a reference drug—cyclosporine A. The immunoregulatory actions of the peptides depended on the position and content of proline isomers and were, with some exceptions, strongly inhibitory at the highest dose tested (100 µg/ml). In addition, the peptides were practically devoid of toxicity at that dose. In conclusion, the replacement of Pro by β‐Pro may be useful for fine‐tuning CLA immunosuppressive potency and undesirable toxicity. Copyright © 2008 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Cobalt(II)‐containing Metal‐Organic Framework Showing Catalytic Activity in Oxidation Reactions
Authors: Lu Ying , Tonigold Markus , Bredenkötter Björn , Volkmer Dirk , Hitzbleck Julia , Langstein Gerhard 
Published: September 2008

AbstractA metal‐organic framework (MOF) containing redox active CoII atoms, [CoII(BPB)]·3DMF (1), has been prepared from the solvothermal reaction of CoII nitrate and 1,4‐bis(4′‐pyrazolyl)benzene (H2‐BPB) in dimethylformamide (DMF). Compound 1 constitutes a porous coordination framework that is built up by interconnecting 1D CoII polymer chains with (BPB)2− ligands. The thermal stability of 1 was investigated by thermogravimetric (TG) analysis and variable‐temperature X‐ray powder diffraction (VTXRPD), which indicate that the framework of 1 is stable upon removal of solvent molecules. The argon adsorption isotherm of 1 at 77 K indicates a porous structure with a BET surface area of 1207 m2/g. As a test reaction for catalytic activity of 1, the oxidation of cyclohexene was examined employing tert‐butyl hydroperoxide as oxidant. The maximum substrate conversion achieved after 12 h was 62 % with an estimated turn‐over number (TON) of 44 based on the number of converted substrate molecules (cyclohexene) per CoII atom.
Polyamine and ‐imine Manganese(II) Complexes with Tetra‐, Penta‐ and Hexaselenide Ligands: Coligand and Solvent Influence on the Polyselenide Nuclearity and Coordination Mode
Authors: Kromm Anna , Geldmacher Yvonne , Sheldrick William S. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractSolvothermal reaction of {(L)Mn}2+ fragments (L = tren, cyclam, tacn, terpy) with Se in the presence of a mineralizer A2CO3 (A = Na, Cs) at 150 °C leads to formation of polyselenide complexes, in which the nuclearity of the $\rm Se^{\2-}_{n}$ (n = 4−6) ligands can depend on the polarity of the reaction medium or the hapticity and binding mode of the coligand L. For instance, whereas methanolothermal treatment of [MnCl2(tren)] with Se affords the 1D polymers $^{1}_{\infty}\rm [Mn_{2}(Se_{4})_{2}(tren)_{2}]$ (1a) and $^{1}_{\infty}\rm [Mn_{2}(Se_{4})(tren)]$ (1b), employment of superheated water as the reaction medium allows the isolation of dinuclear [{Mn(Se6)(tren)}2]. Whereas 1a contains both bridging μ‐1κSe1:2κSe4 and terminal κSe1 tetraselenide ligands, only the former mode is adopted by the $\rm Se^{\2-}_{4}$ ligands in 1b. The analogous reaction of Se with [MnCl2(cyclam)]Cl yields the chelate complex [Mn(Se4)(cyclam)] 2 in superheated methanol and dinuclear [{Mn(Se6)(cyclam)}2] (7) under hydrothermal conditions. 7 exhibits Cs symmetry and contains two μ‐1κSe1:2κSe6 bridging hexaselenide ligands. In contrast to the {(tren)Mn}2+, {(cyclam)Mn}2+ and {(terpy)Mn}2+ fragments, only one product (3) could be isolated for the tridentate fac‐{(tacn)Mn}2+ fragment. Whereas the $\rm Se^{\2-}_{4}$ ligands in dinuclear [{(tacn)Mn}2(μ‐Se4)2] (3) adopt a μ‐1κ2Se1,Se4:2κSe4 mode, κ2Se1,Se4 chelating $\rm Se^{\2-}_{4}$ ligands are observed in the methanolothermal product [Mn(Se4)(terpy)] (4). Hydrothermal reaction of Se with [MnCl2(terpy)] affords the chelate complex [Mn(Se5)(terpy)] (5), in contrast. On blocking five of the six octahedral sites by tacn and en ligands, terminal $\rm Se^{\2-}_{5}$ ligands were obtained in [Mn(Se5)(en)(tacn)] (6), which can be prepared in both superheated methanol and water.
Synthesis and Structural Characterization of the Yttrium Containing Isopolytungstate [YW10O36]9−
Authors: Barsukova Maria , Dickman Michael H. , Visser Elena , Sankar Mal Sib , Kortz Ulrich 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe yttrium containing isopolytungstate [YW10O36]9− (1) has been synthesized and isolated in the form of its hydrated sodium salt Na9[YW10O36]·35H2O (Na‐1). The title compound has been structurally characterized in the solid state by single‐crystal X‐ray crystallography, IR spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and in solution by 183W and 89Y NMR spectroscopy. The X‐ray analysis shows that Na‐1 crystallizes in the triclinic system, space group $P{\bar 1}$, with a = 12.7625(9), b = 13.0825(10), c = 20.496(2) Å, α = 82.856(5), β = 74.520(4), γ = 88.822(4)°, V = 3272.1(4) Å3 and Z = 2. Solution 183W NMR shows the expected 2 lines at –1.3 ppm and –14.3 ppm, respectively, with an intensity ratio of 1:4, and 89Y NMR shows a singlet at –12.9 ppm.
Die Kristallstrukturen der Komplexe [Ni(en)3][(DMC)2], [Cu(en)2(DMC)][DMC] und [Zn(en)(DMC)2] (en = Ethylendiamin, DMCH = 1,3‐Dimethylcyanursäure); ein Beitrag zur Konkurrenz anionischer und neutraler Liganden um die Koordinationssphäre zweiwertiger 3d‐Metalle
Authors: Abu‐Salem Qutaiba , Kuhn Norbert , Maichle‐Mößmer Cäclila , Steimann Manfred 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe Crystal Structures of the Complexes [Ni(en)3][(DMC)2], [Cu(en)2(DMC)][DMC], and Zn(en)(DMC)2 (en = Ethylenediamine, DMCH = 1,3‐Dimethylcyanuric Acid); a Contribution to the Competition of Anionic and Neutral Ligands for the Coordination Sphere of Divalent 3d‐MetalsThe complexes [Ni(en)3][(DMC)2] (4), [Cu(en)2(DMC)][DMC] (5), and [Zn(en)(DMC)2] (6) are obtained from the reactions of aqueous (LiDMC)2·4 H2O solutions with NiCl2, CuSO4, and ZnCl2, respectively, in the presence of ethylenediamine (DMCH = 1,3‐dimethylcyanuric acid, 2; en = ethylenediamine). In the solid state, the complexes exhibit both coordinated and uncoordinated DMC anions. The crystal structures of 4, 5, and 6 are discussed.
Hyperbolic Cation Diffusion Paths in α‐RbAg4I5 Type Superionic Conductors
Authors: Chang Jen‐Hui , Zürn Anke , von Schnering Hans Georg 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe positions of the mobile cations in the superionic conductors of the cubic α‐RbAg4I5 type follow a 3D infinite hyperbolic layer, which is moulded by the symmetry governed Periodic Nodal Surface.
Comparative evaluation of antibacterial soaps
Authors: Jungermann Eric , Brown James , Yackovich Frank , Taber David 
Published: September 2008

AbstractTwo antibacterial soaps and an antibacterial detergent were examined for their effectiveness in inhibiting the growth of a large number of bacteria. All products were markedly superior in this regard to a nonmedicated soap. A soap containing equal parts by weight of hexachlorophene and 3,4,4′‐trichlorocarbanilide was more effective than a detergent containing hexachlorophene only and a soap containing a mixture of equal parts by weight of 3,4′,5‐tribromosalicylanilide, 3,4,4′‐trichlorocarbanilide, and 4,4′‐dichloro‐3‐(trifluoromethyl) carbanilide. A total of 27 bacteria, including 12 pathogens, was used.
Iron ore flotation: Practice, problems, and prospects
Authors: Frommer Donald W. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe significant applications of iron ore flotation are reviewed along with an abbreviated discussion on theory and reagent use. Problems or conditions which have militated against a widespread adoption of the flotation process by the iron ore industry, are discussed in contextual relationship to supply, economics, alternatives, and process limitations. Prospects for increased use of secondary flotation are shown to be excellent, but to be less certain for primary flotation.
The HLD‐NAC Model for Mixtures of Ionic and Nonionic Surfactants
Authors: Acosta Edgar J. , Bhakta Arti S. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe HLD‐NAC model has been used as an “equation of state” to predict the properties of microemulsion (μE) systems formulated with either anionic or nonionic surfactants. The model uses the concept of the hydrophilic‐lipophilic difference (HLD) to calculate the chemical potential difference of transferring a surfactant from the oil to the aqueous phase; as a function of formulation variables such as type of surfactant, oil, temperature, electrolyte concentration. The value of HLD is used as a scaling parameter to calculate the net and average curvatures (NAC) of the surfactant at the water/oil interface. These curvatures determine the phase volumes, phase transitions, and solubilization capacity of μEs. In this work, the HLD‐NAC model is extended to nonideal surfactant mixtures of anionic and nonionic surfactants. The phase behavior of limonene μEs formulated with binary mixtures of sodium dihexyl sulfosuccinate with nonionic nonylphenol ethoxylates and alcohol ethoxylates was used to determine the deviations of the HLD from the ideal mixing behavior. The deviations were fitted using a 2‐parameters Margules equation. The results suggests that the deviations in anionic‐rich systems are due to the charge shielding effect of nonionic surfactants, and in nonionic‐rich systems, the deviations seem to be explained by the increase in hydration of the surfactant headgroups due to the presence of anionic surfactants. When these corrections were used to predict the curvature of dioctyl sulfosuccinate‐dodecyl pentaethylene glycol‐heptane μEs, the HLD‐NAC model corrected for the nonidealities reproduced not only the trends but also the actual range of values reported in the literature.
Atypical incus necrosis: a case report and literature review
Authors: Choudhury N , Kumar G , Krishnan M , Gatland D J 
Published: September 2008

AbstractObjective:We report an atypical case of ossicular necrosis affecting the incus, in the absence of any history of chronic serous otitis media. We also discuss the current theories of incus necrosis.Case report:A male patient presented with a history of right unilateral hearing loss and tinnitus. Audiometry confirmed right conductive deafness; tympanometry was normal bilaterally. He underwent a right exploratory tympanotomy, which revealed atypical erosion of the proximal long process of the incus. Middle-ear examination was otherwise normal, with a mobile stapes footplate. The redundant long process of the incus was excised and a partial ossicular replacement prosthesis was inserted, resulting in improved hearing.Conclusion:Ossicular pathologies most commonly affect the incus. The commonest defect is an absent lenticular and distal long process of the incus, which is most commonly associated with chronic otitis media. This is the first reported case of ossicular necrosis, particularly of the proximal long process of the incus, in the absence of chronic middle-ear pathology.
Language development and language knowledge: evidence from the acquisition of Hebrew morphophonology
Authors: Berman Ruth A. 
Published: September 2008

ABSTRACTThe study considers implications of our findings regarding pre-school acquisition of Hebrew inflectional morphology (Berman 1981). Children resolve ‘opacities’ by reference to various types of ‘paradigms’. These are related to the distinction between transient and more widespread deviations from prescriptive norms, in an attempt to account for interactions between child language and language change. While pre-school acquisition is crucially affected by peer input, the grammar is subsequently reshaped by orthography and by formal study, yielding a complex interaction between concrete vs. abstract bases of Hebrew linguistic competence. Further research is needed to examine when and how the peculiarly Semitic constructs of consonantal root plus morphological pattern are acquired.
Diastereoselectivity of the P2Y11 nucleotide receptor: mutational analysis
Authors: Ecke D , Fischer B , Reiser G 
Published: September 2008

Background and purpose:The P2Y11 receptor, a member of the group of metabotropic nucleotide receptors, shows a stereospecific ligand recognition of Pα‐substituted ATP derivatives (ATP‐α‐S isomers). These compounds are suitable candidates for the development of selective P2Y11 receptor agonists that might be used as immune modulators. We have analysed the binding mode of ATP at the P2Y11 receptor by molecular modeling and site‐directed mutagenesis. Based on our recent findings, we decided to decipher the molecular determinants of stereoselective recognition at the P2Y11 receptor.Experimental approach:Two amino acid residues [Glu186 in the extracellular loop 2 and Arg268 in the transmembrane domain 6 (TM6)], which are part of the nucleotide‐binding pocket, were selected and studied by mutational analyses. We expected these residues to be involved in determining the stereospecificity of the P2Y11 receptor.Key results:After mutation of Arg268 to alanine or glutamine, the stereospecific recognition of the ATP‐α‐S isomers at the P2Y11 receptor was lost. In contrast, at the Glu186Ala receptor mutant, the stereoselective differentiation between these isomers was increased. On the Arg268Gln/Glu186Ala double mutant we observed no further effect, except for additivity in the decrease in potency of both isomers, as compared with the single‐point mutants.Conclusions and implications:Our results show that the stereospecificity of the P2Y11 receptor for Pα‐substituted ATP derivatives is largely determined by the basic residue Arg268 in TM6. This will allow the design of receptor‐subtype selective ligands.British Journal of Pharmacology (2008) 155, 1250–1255; doi:10.1038/bjp.2008.352; published online 29 September 2008
The Magellanic Clouds as a Template for the Study of Stellar Populations and Galaxy Interactions
Authors: Cioni M.-R. L. , Bekki K. , Clementini G. , de Blok W. J. G. , Emerson J. P. , Evans C. J. , de Grijs R. , Gibson B. K. , Girardi L. , Groenewegen M. A. T. , Ivanov V. D. , Leisy P. , Marconi M. , Mastropietro C. , Moore B. , Naylor T. , Oliveira J. M. , Ripepi V. , van Loon J. Th. , Wilkinson M. I. , Wood P. R. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe Magellanic System represents one of the best places to study the formation and evolution of galaxies. Photometric surveys of various depths, areas and wavelengths have had a significant impact on our understanding of the system; however, a complete picture is still lacking. VMC (the VISTA near-infrared YJKs survey of the Magellanic System) will provide new data to derive the spatially resolved star formation history and to construct a three-dimensional map of the system. These data combined with those from other ongoing and planned surveys will give us an absolutely unique view of the system opening up the doors to truly new science!
Delivering the Lee Silverman Voice Treatment (LSVT) by web camera: a feasibility study
Authors: Howell Susan , Tripoliti Elina , Pring Tim 
Published: September 2008

Background: Speech disorders are a feature of Parkinson's disease, typically worsening as the disease progresses. The Lee Silverman Voice Treatment (LSVT) was developed to address these difficulties. It targets vocal loudness as a means of increasing vocal effort and improving coordination across the subsystems of speech.Aims: Currently LSVT is not widely available, and there are practical difficulties associated with the delivery of an intensive treatment in an environment of resource constraints in the National Health Service (NHS). Delivery of LSVT over the World‐Wide Web may address some of these difficulties.Methods & Procedures: A feasibility study is reported in which three individuals with speech disorders resulting from Parkinson's disease received LSVT over the Internet, using broadband connection and a web camera. Participants were seen face to face for every fourth session in order to build a personal relationship, measure vocal sound pressure level (SPL) during treatment, and to review and prepare homework tasks. All other sessions were delivered over the Internet.Outcomes & Results: Broadly similar treatment gains were found between individuals treated over the Internet and those treated face to face. Gains were maintained or improved at an assessment two months after the treatment.Conclusions & Implications: This study demonstrates that delivery of LSVT over the Internet is feasible, and that a larger trial would be appropriate to establish cost and treatment effectiveness.
Unhelpful thoughts and beliefs linked to social anxiety in stuttering: development of a measure
Authors: St Clare Tamsen , Menzies Ross G. , Onslow Mark , Packman Ann , Thompson Robyn , Block Susan 
Published: September 2008

Background: Those who stutter have a proclivity to social anxiety. Yet, to date, there is no comprehensive measure of thoughts and beliefs about stuttering that represent the cognitions associated with that anxiety.Aims: The present paper describes the development of a measure to assess unhelpful thoughts and beliefs about stuttering.Methods & Procedures: The Unhelpful Thoughts and Beliefs about Stuttering (UTBAS) self‐report measure contains 66 items that assess the frequency of unhelpful thoughts and beliefs. Items were constructed from a comprehensive file audit of all stuttering cases seen in a cognitive–behavior therapy based treatment programme over a ten‐year period.Outcomes & Results: Preliminary investigations indicate that the UTBAS has high levels of test–retest reliability (r = 0.89) and internal consistency (Chronbach's alpha = 0.98). It has good known‐groups validity, being able to discriminate between stuttering and non‐stuttering participants on items that contain no reference to stuttering [t(38) = 8.06, p<0.0001], with a large effect size (d = 2.3). It has good convergent validity (r = 0.53–0.72) and discriminant validity (r = 0.24–0.27). The UTBAS sensitivity to change was supported by improvements in thoughts and beliefs related to social anxiety following cognitive–behavioural treatment for anxiety in stuttering [t(25) = 10.13, p<0.0001]. The effect size was large (d = 2.5).Conclusions & Implications: Implications for the use of the UTBAS as an outcome measure and a clinical tool are discussed, along with the potential value of the UTBAS to explore the well‐documented social anxiety experienced by those who stutter.