bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EVALUATION OF CHLORMADINONE ACETATE AND OTHER PROGESTOGENS FOR FOETAL MASCULINIZATION IN RATS
Authors: Kraay Russell J. , Brennan David M. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Chlormadinone acetate (6α-chloro-pregna-4,6-diene-17α-ol-3,20-dione acetate) was administered subcutaneously to rats in the latter third of pregnancy. In doses up to 10 mg/day it did not produce any foetal masculinization of female pups as judged by the anogenital distance and gross observation of the sex structures. A significant increase in the average anogenital distances was produced by 6α-methyl-17α-hydroxyprogesterone acetate and a marked increase in the number of female pups with abnormally large anogenital distances was observed. 17α-ethyl-19-nortestosterone also increased the frequency of abnormally large anogenital distances in female offspring.
THE INHIBITION OF THE PROLIFERATION OF COWPOX VIRUS IN EMBRYONATED HENS' EGGS BY CORTISONE
Authors: Erichsen Stian 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Titration of infective particles in the chorioallantoic membranes from embryonated hens' eggs showed that cortisone treatment inhibits the growth of the cowpox virus. This effect was demonstrable not earlier than 48 hours after inoculation, when the dose was 2.5 mg and not earlier than 72 hours when the dose was 0.1 mg. There was no demonstrable effect after 0.01 mg.
The results confirm previous morphological investigations and were interpreted as the results of a general inhibition of the synthesis of virus protein independent of the type of the nucleic acid component of the viruses.
THE CORTISONE-LIKE EFFECT OF 6α=METHYL-17α-ACETOXYPROGESTERONE IN THE ADRENALECTOMIZED MAN
Authors: Camanni F. , Massara F. , Molinatti G. M. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
An attempt was made to determine whether 6α-methyl-17α-acetoxyprogesterone (MAP) was as active as a glucocorticoid in man, as in experimental animals. This steroid was administered as a substitute for cortisone to 5 patients with definite signs of adrenal insufficiency. The subcutaneous administration of MAP in doses of 100 mg per day caused the prompt and complete disappearance of the symptoms attributable to glucocorticoid insufficiency which had developed when cortisone had been replaced by 9α-fluoro-hydrocortisone. When substitution treatment was carried out with MAP only, compensation was practically the same as with the daily administration of 50 mg cortisone. The glucose-tolerance and the insulin tests demonstrated that MAP administered subcutaneously displayed a marked glycogenetic activity.
EFFECT OF LONG-TERM ADMINISTRATION OF METYRAPONE AND DEXAMETHASONE IN A PATIENT WITH CUSHING'S SYNDROME
Authors: Weber Jan , Ditzel Jørn 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The effect of long-term administration of metyrapone and dexamethasone in a case of Cushing's syndrome due to adrenocortical hyperplasia has been evaluated. This resulted in a rapid and significant decrease in the plasma cortisol level and in the urinary output of 17-ketogenic steroids, with only an initial increase in the plasma level of compound S. The large dose of metyrapone was well tolerated. Evidence of slight improvement in the clinical condition was observed in the initial part of the trial, but no real remission was obtained. The discrepancy between the biochemical and clinical observations is discussed.
MAINTIEN DE LA GESTATION CHEZ LA LAPINE PAR UN STÉRÉO-ISOMÉRE VOISIN DE LA PROGESTÉRONE (6-DÉHYDRO-RÉTRO-PROGESTÉRONE). ACTION SUR LES FOETUS
Authors: Jost Alfred 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
6-dehydro-retro-progesterone maintains pregnancy in castrated rabbit does, its activity, when given subcutaneously, is similar to that of progesterone (daily dose required: about 5 mg). When given orally pregnancy is maintained only with much higher doses.
The female foetuses obtained under these conditions show no sign of masculinization; their müllerian vaginae, however, show proliferation indicating stimulation. The male foetuses are normal.
COLOUR REACTIONS FOR THE IN SITU CHARACTERISATION OF STEROID OESTROGENS ON THIN-LAYER CHROMATOGRAMS
Authors: Lisboa B. P. , Diczfalusy E. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Methods are described for the in situ characterisation of 32 steroid oestrogens on thin-layer chromatograms. The methods are suitable for the detection of a) phenols, b) benzene rings, c) o-dihydroxyphenols, d) unsaturated bonds, e) ketones, f) α,β-diketones and g) individual oestrogens. The sensitivity of the different methods varies with various oestrogens and is between 0.2 and 15.0 μg.
THE AUTORADIOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION PATTERN AFTER ADMINISTRATION OF DIETHYLSTILBOESTROL COMPARED WITH THAT OF NATURAL OESTROGENS
Authors: Bengtsson Gösta , Ullberg Sven 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The distribution in mice of 14C- and 3H-diethylstilboestrol has been investigated autoradiographically. The results have been compared with those which have been previously reported for natural oestrogens. Many similarities have been demonstrated between the synthetic and natural compounds. Thus a specific accumulation has been observed in the endometrium, the granulosa layer of large ovarian follicles, the adrenal cortex. the interstitial tissue of the testes, and the hypophysis. Natural and synthetic oestrogens differ widely concerning the penetration into and the distribution within the foetus.
AUTORADIOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION STUDIES AFTER ADMINISTRATION OF A MACROMOLECULAR SYNTHETIC OESTROGEN (14C-POLYDIETHYL-STILBOESTROL PHOSPHATE)
Authors: Bengtsson G. , Ullberg S. , Perklev T. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The distribution of a macromolecular depot-type stilboestrol compound, polydiethylstilboestrol phosphate labelled with 14C or 3H, has been studied by autoradiography in mice. The blood concentration was high up to four hours after injection but dropped to a scarcely perceptible level after one day. Small foci of radioactivity could be detected in most tissues of the body, particularly tissues containing abundant reticuloendothelial cells such as the liver, spleen, bone marrow and lung. There was also early specific uptake in sites such as the endometrium, the follicular epithelium in large Graafian follicles, corpora lutea, adrenal cortex, and interstitial cells of the testicle – all places in which we have previously observed accumulation of monomolecular diethylstilboestrol. At these sites distribution was uniform. Our results suggest that the reticuloendothelial system serves as a depot for the polymerised polystilboestrol and that monomolecular stilboestrol is slowly released from the depots and then accumulated in the target organs.
EFFECT OF FOLLICLE-STIMULATING HORMONE AND INTERSTITIAL CELL-STIMULATING HORMONE ON SPERMATOGENESIS IN LONG-EVANS RATS HYPOPHYSECTOMIZED FOR SIX MONTHS
Authors: Lostroh Ardis J. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The effects of sheep interstitial cell-stimulating hormone (ICSH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) on spermatogenesis were studied in rats of the Long-Evans strain six months after removal of the pituitary gland. The results confirm the contention that sheep ICSH alone is not an effective agent for stimulating repair of the epithelium of the seminiferous tubules of the rat, and that preparations of sheep FSH contain a principle which, in the presence of less than 1 μg of ICSH per day, can stimulate substantial repair. All the effects obtained with gonadotrophin preparations can be accomodated if one assumes that FSH is specifically concerned with some critical step in the evolution of the primary spermatocyte and that androgen is responsible for maintaining a favorable intratubular environment in which the germ cells can develop. A complication encountered in this study was an unexpected variation in the germ cell population of rats that had been hypophysectomized for a period of 6 months; the possibility that residual gonadotrophin may account for this observation is discussed.
STEROID BIOSYNTHESIS IN VITRO BY A VIRILIZING SUPRARENAL TUMOUR
Authors: G. D. Roversi , F. Polvani , A. Bompiani , R. Neher 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A case of virilizing adrenal adenoma is described. The tumour was incubated with progesterone-4-14C. In the extract the following steroids were identified chromatographically, in order of decreasing quantity and radioactivity: 17α-hydroxyprogesterone, androst-4-ene-3,17-dione, corticosterone (11β,21 -dihydroxy-pregn-4-ene-3,20-dione), cortisol (11β,17,21-trihydroxy-pregn-4-ene-3,20-dione) and 11-deoxycortisol.
This indicates either an increase in 17α-hydroxylation and side chain split, or a partial blockage of 21-hydroxylation, or a combination of both in the tumour tissue.
The absence of the 3β-hydroxy-dehydrogenase demonstrated histochemically in the tumour and the examination of the urinary 17-ketosteroids before and after removal of the neoplasm, suggested the same abnormal biosynthetic pattern in vivo with regard to the level of the endogenous Δ5-precursors.
STOFFWECHSEL VON 16,17-EPI-ÖSTRIOL BEIM MENSCHEN
Authors: Breuer J. A. , Breuer H. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
After intramuscular injection of 10 mg of 16,17-epi-oestriol into two men, 17-epi-oestriol and 16-epi-oestriol were isolated from urine. Calculated on the basis of the steroid administered, the excretion of 17-epi-oestriol amounted to 2.1% and that of 16-epi-oestriol to 3.5%. Between 33 and 62% of the injected dose were recovered in urine as 16,17-epi-oestriol.
EFFECTS OF 17α-HYDROXY-6α-METHYLPROGESTERONE ACETATE (DEPO-PROVERA) ON URINARY GONADOTROPHINS AND OESTROGENS IN MAN
Authors: Laron Z. , Rumney G. , Rat L. , Naji N. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Weekly injections of 17α-hydroxy-6α-methylprogesterone acetate to three patients with gonadal dysgenesis exhibiting high urinary gonadotrophins and one girl with marked enlargement of breasts and high urinary oestrogens, led to suppression of both urinary gonadotrophins and oestrogens in two patients and of oestrogens alone in the third case. There was no significant effect on the urinary 17-ketosteroids or 17-hydroxycorticosteroids.
GYNAECOMASTIA AND DISEASES OF THE THYROID
Authors: Larsson Olle , Sundbom Carl-Martin , Åstedt Birger 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Coexistent gynaecomastia was observed in 2 patients with thyrotoxicosis and in 1 with an active malignant thyroid adenoma. During treatment of the thyrotoxicosis the gynaecomastia disappeared completely in 1 of the patients. Mastectomy was performed on the other 2 patients.
The pathogenesis of gynaecomastia is discussed on the basis of the findings made in a fairly extensive endocrine study of 2 of the patients, and the possible aetiological factors are discussed.
THE CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF OESTRIOL ESTIMATIONS IN LATE PREGNANCY
Authors: Frandsen V. Aasted , Stakemann Georg 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Using a method developed by Frandsen the excretion of oestriol has been estimated in several groups of patients with abnormal pregnancies. In all but one of 66 cases of suspected foetal death, the condition of the foetus was predicted correctly.
In two clinically identical groups of patients, one with a low and one with a normal excretion of oestriol, the perinatal mortality was 50% in the first and 6% in the second group respectively.
It is concluded that oestriol estimations are frequently of great value to the clinician.
ADRENAL CORTICAL RESPONSE TO INSULIN-INDUCED HYPOGLYCAEMIA IN THE RAT.
Authors: Kraicer Jacob , Logothetopoulos John 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Using plasma corticosterone as an index of adrenal cortical activity, the response to a single subcutaneous injection of Insulin was characterized. The thirtieth, and even the sixtieth daily period of hypoglycaemia induced by this short-acting insulin preparation induced as great an increase in plasma corticosterone as that produced by the first injection. Animals previously »adapted« to daily periods of hypoglycaemia induced by Protamine Zinc Insulin, showed no such »adaptation« to a subsequent period of hypoglycaemia induced by Insulin (Toronto). A hypothesis is presented to »explain« these findings.
THE EXCRETION OF OESTRONE, PREGNANEDIOL AND PREGNANETRIOL IN BREAST CANCER PATIENTS
Authors: Nissen-Meyer Roar , Sanner Tore 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The urinary excretion of oestrone, pregnanediol and pregnanetriol has been determined in a series of postmenopausal breast cancer patients receiving no endocrine treatment.
The steroid excretion was studied both in relation to the age of the patients as well as in relation to the time elapsed since the last menstrual cycle.
The results indicate that after an initial slow decrease from the age of the menopause onward, the excretion of oestrone and pregnanediol increases again. A new maximum was found in the group 10 – 15 years after the menopause. The excretion of pregnanetriol, however, remains relatively constant after a more rapid fall during the first few years after the menopause.
CHLORMADINONE ACETATE, A NEW HIGHLY ACTIVE GESTATION-SUPPORTING AGENT
Authors: Brennan David M. , Kraay Russell J. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Chlormadinone acetate was submitted to a battery of biological test procedures, and its endocrinological actions were compared with those of progesterone and medroxyprogesterone acetate. It is a highly active oral progestational agent, being 10 times as active as any presently available compound. Chlormadinone also is as effective in maintaining pregnancy in ovariectomized rabbits as medroxyprogesterone acetate. Although the compound is a strong anti-oestrogen, it is a weak gonadotrophin inhibitor when compared with medroxyprogesterone acetate by the classical procedures. The compound does possess adrenal suppressive potential, which is somewhat less than that exerted by medroxyprogesterone acetate.
A CLINICAL STUDY OF THE POSTULATED ANTAGONISM BETWEEN GLUCOCORTICOIDS AND VITAMIN D
Authors: Jackson W. P. U. , Dancaster C. P. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Present knowledge and theory concerning the postulated antagonism between the glucocorticoids and vitamin D is first considered.
Attempts at assessment of cortisone/calciferol antagonism were made in 3 groups of subjects. First, the effect of cortisone was observed in 4 normal volunteers who were taking large doses of calciferol. Then calciferol, in doses ranging from 100 000 units to 400 000 units daily, was given to hypoadrenal subjects and to sufferers from hypercortisolism (Cushing's syndrome), in order to observe whether dysadrenalism would alter the sensitivity to the vitamin.
Results indicate that cortisone did not appear to counteract the observed effects of calciferol while the vitamin was being taken concurrently.
Hypoadrenal subjects were not more sensitive to the vitamin, nor were hyperadrenal subjects less sensitive than normal.
Finally, the expression of the [BB]incomplete antagonism[AB] between cortisone and vitamin D is summarised.
OVARIAN PROGESTERONE SECRETION DURING THE OESTROUS CYCLE, PREGNANCY AND LACTATION IN DOGS
Authors: Telegdy G. , Endröczi E. , Lissák K. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The concentration of progesterone in the ovarian venous blood of female dogs varied between 0.13 and 2.70 μg/h per ovary and per kg body weight, in the different phases of the oestrous cycle. There was no evidence of progesterone secretion in the absence of the corpus luteum. The highest values of progesterone secretion were detected in the early stage of pregnancy (12.9-16.2 μg/h per ovary and per kg body weight). In the course of pregnancy, a gradual decrease in progesterone secretion was found which fell below detectable amounts 48 hours after parturition. The ovarian venous blood did not contain any progesterone in the presence of a corpus luteum of lactation. There was some progesterone in the extracts of placental tissue, however, though in much smaller quantities than in the human placenta.
RELATIVE ORAL ANABOLIC TO ANDROGENIC ACTIVITY RATIOS OF ANDROISOXAZOLE, ETHYLESTRENOL, METHYLANDROSTENOLISOXAZOLE AND TESTOSTERONE
Authors: Arnold Aaron , Potts Gordon O. , Beyler Arthur L. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Androisoxazole, 17α-methylandrost-4-en-17β-ol[2,3-d]isoxazole, 17α-ethyl-19-nor-estra-4-en-17β-ol and testosterone were evaluated experimentally for anabolic activity by means of nitrogen balance studies and for androgenic activity on the basis of increase weight of the ventral prostate gland in a 10-day assay. Under these conditions their anabolic:androgenic activities relative to methyltestosterone (= 1.0) and ratios were: androisoxazole (1.55/0.22) 7.0, methylandrostenol-isoxazole (1.2/0.15) 8.0, ethylestrenol (1.7/0.21) 8.1 and, of historical interest, testosterone (0.38/0.57) 0.67. The first three agents thus are intermediate in degree of dissociation of anabolic and androgenic properties between methyltestosterone and the more promising isoxazole-conjugated and pyrazole-conjugated (stanozolol) agents discussed previously.
EFFECT OF OVINE GONADOTROPHINS AND ANTISERUM TO INTERSTITIAL CELL-STIMULATING HORMONE ON THE TESTIS OF THE HYPOPHYSECTOMIZED RAT
Authors: Lostroh Ardis J. , Johnson Ruth , Jordan C. W. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Rabbit antiserum to ovine ICSH was administered to male Sprague-Dawley rats 2 months after hypophysectomy; further atrophy of the testis ensued. The interstitial tissue, the Sertoli cells, and the germ cells were adversely affected by the treatment. In the absence of gonadotrophins and exogenous androgen, spermatogenesis was nearly arrested. Ovine ICSH repaired the interstitial tissue and stimulated mitotic activity among the spermatogonia. Ovine FSH (NIH-FSH-S-1), containing approximately 1% ICSH activity, stimulated spermatid formation. When antiserum to ICSH was injected together with the FSH, no maturation divisions or spermatids were observed. The combination of FSH and ICSH, 100 μg of each per day injected for a period of 21 days, stimulated extensive and uniform tubular repair and advanced spermiogenesis to the acrosome phase; an enhancement in the secretion of androgen also was effected when FSH was given in combination with ICSH.
INACTIVATION OF ARGININE- AND LYSINE-VASOPRESSIN BY SLICES FROM DIFFERENT ZONES OF THE RAT KIDNEY AND BY RAT LIVER SLICES
Authors: Thorn N. A. , Willumsen N. B. S. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A method was developed for studying the inactivation of antidiuretic hormone in slices from different zones of the rat kidney. The essential features of the method are: The use of thin slices from 4 zones: outer cortex, inner cortex, outer medulla and papilla which are incubated aerobically with the hormone in a medium that has a composition essentially the same as rat extracellular fluid, including a calcium concentration of 2.5 mmol.
The inactivation of arginine- and lysine-vasopressin by these slices at 25° C and 37° C for 2 hours was studied. All zones inactivated both vasopressins, but the most marked inactivation activity per mg dry tissue was found in the papillary zone. High concentrations of sodium chloride in the incubation medium did not affect the inactivation of vasopressin by papillary slices.
The amounts of arginine- and lysine-vasopressin (expressed in rat pressor units) which were inactivated per mg dry tissue in the different zones during the incubation period were equivalent. Similar results were found in experiments on the inactivation of the two hormones by liver slices. These findings are discussed in relation to the problems of the site of action of antidiuretic hormone and the difference in the antidiuretic response to arginine- and lysine-vasopressin which is found after i. v. injection in the rat.
QUANTITATIVE ASPECTS OF RELEASE OF OXYTOCIN BY SUCKLING IN UNANAESTHETIZED RABBITS
Authors: Fuchs Anna-Riitta , Wagner Gorm 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A method of estimating oxytocin output following physiological stimuli is described which is applicable to experiments in conscious, undisturbed and unrestrained animals. The method consists of recording the uterine responses in puerperal rabbits with a permanently inserted intrauterine balloon as an index of neurohypophysial activation.
Previous work has been confirmed on the essential role of oxytocin in milk ejection in rabbits. Only negligible amounts of milk are obtained by the young without any endogenous or exogenous oxytocin, but normal release of oxytocin can occur in spite of diminished or completely inhibited milk flow.
The amount of oxytocin released during suckling depends on the strength of the stimulus in a characteristic fashion, and the strength of stimuli again depends both on the number of young suckling simultaneously and on their physical maturity.
In the early puerperium (up to 3–4 days post-partum) each suckling young evokes a response comparable to that of 0.5–1.0 mU of oxytocin injected intravenously, whether suckling alone or together with its litter-mates. Only a few grams of milk are removed by each young at that time. After this period, the suckling of 1 or 2 young separately still elicits the release of only a small amount of oxytocin (1–2 mU), but during suckling of a whole litter from 50 to 100 mU are liberated, which corresponds to 10–15 mU for each young. The full milk yield can only be obtained by each young while suckling simultaneously with the whole litter.
The amount of oxytocin released is independent of the duration of suckling, of the quantity of milk available, and of the milk flow. Once lactation has been established, the oxytocin output during suckling on an »once-daily« regime remains fairly constant at least for a large part of the lactation period. It is possible that at the end of the lactating period, the amount secreted during suckling is increased to about 250 mU or even more.
THE EFFECT OF ETHYL ALCOHOL ON THE RELEASE OF OXYTOCIN IN RABBITS
Authors: Fuchs Anna-Riitta , Wagner Gorm 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The release of oxytocin by suckling was demonstrated in unanaesthetized rabbits by recording the uterine motility of the lactating animal by means of a previously inserted intrauterine balloon. The amount of oxytocin released was found to correspond to 1–2 mU intravenously injected oxytocin per each young suckling separately, and to 50–100 mU oxytocin when a whole litter was suckling simultaneously. Ethanol administered either intravenously or orally was found to inhibit this release of oxytocin by suckling. The dose of alcohol necessary for complete inhibition increases with increasing strength of stimulus. Release of 10 mU oxytocin or less could be inhibited by 0.8 g ethanol per kg body weight, whereas 2.0 g/kg body weight was necessary to prevent the secretion of oxytocin by a stimulus, which normally results in the release of about 50–100 mU. Occasionally 3.0 g/kg was needed to inhibit the release of about 100 mU oxytocin.
The release of oxytocin by high doses of acetylcholine injected intravenously into atropinized rabbits was also demonstrated. An oxytocic response corresponding to about 5 mU oxytocin occurred after 10 mg of acetylcholine given intravenously. This release could be inhibited by previous administration of 0.8 g/kg body weight of ethanol.
ANTI-OESTROGENIC ACTIVITY IN YELLOW PINE NEEDLES (PINUS PONDEROSA)
Authors: Cook H. , Kitts W. D. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The anti-oestrogenic activity of yellow pine needles was assessed using the laboratory mouse and rat. The feeding of a concentrated aqueous pine needle extract to immature female mice resulted in a significant decrease in uterine weight. The concentrate did not bring about this effect when 0.04 μg/g diethylstilbestrol (D. E. S.) was present in the feed although at the 0.02 μg/g level of D. E. S., anti-oestrogenic effects were noted. The effect of oestrone on uterine tissue was diminished by the simultaneous subcutaneous injection of aqueous pine needle extract into immature female rats. The active substance was eluted from a celiteaqueous concentrate mixture with equal effectiveness by either ethyl acetate or ethyl alcohol. Suggestions as to the mode of action of the anti-oestrogen are given.