bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Imaging and quantification of neuropeptides in mouse pituitary tissue by atmospheric pressure matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry
Authors: Yang Qi , Liu Chengyuan , Qi Keke , Xiong Ying , Pan Yang , Tian Changlin 
Published: April 2024

RationaleAtmospheric pressure matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization (AP‐MALDI) mass spectrometry has enabled the untargeted analysis and imaging of neuropeptides and proteins in biological tissues under ambient conditions. Sensitivity in AP‐MALDI can be improved by using sample‐specific preparation methods.MethodsA comprehensive and detailed optimization strategy including instrument parameters, matrix spraying and sample tissue washing pretreatment was implemented to enhance the sensitivity and coverage of neuropeptides in mouse pituitary tissues by commercial AP‐MALDI mass spectrometry imaging (MSI).ResultsThe sensitivity of a commercial AP‐MALDI system for endogenous neuropeptides in mouse pituitary was enhanced by up to 15.2‐fold by shortening the transmission gap from the sample plate to the inlet, attaching copper adhesive tape to an indium tin oxide‐coated glass slide, optimizing the matrix spray solvent and using sample tissue washing pretreatment. Following careful optimization, the distributions of nine endogenous neuropeptides were successfully visualized in the pituitary. Furthermore, the quantitative capability of AP‐MALDI for neuropeptides was evaluated and the concentrations of neuropeptides oxytocin and vasopressin in the pituitary posterior lobe were increased approximately twofold under hypertonic saline stress.ConclusionMouse pituitary neuropeptides have emerged as important signaling molecules due to their role in stress response. This work indicates the potential of modified AP‐MALDI as a promising AP MSI method for in situ visualization and quantification of neuropeptides in complex biological tissues.
A multi‐UAV system for coverage path planning applications with in‐flight re‐planning capabilities
Authors: Luna Marco Andrés , Molina Martin , Da‐Silva‐Gomez Rodrigo , Melero‐Deza Javier , Arias‐Perez Pedro , Campoy Pascual 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis paper presents the development and implementation of a multiple unmanned aerial vehicle system focused on coverage path planning on multiple separated areas capable of re‐planning the collective mission in case of unexpected events. For this purpose, we present a distributed‐centralized architecture that uses heuristic and computationally efficient methods to perform the planning/re‐planning and decision‐making tasks during the control of the mission execution. We performed a computational evaluation of the algorithms, comparing them with other proposals, together with experiments in simulated and real flights. The results show that the system can distribute tasks equitably among the aircraft in an efficient way, even in the middle of the flight, when facing unexpected events; and show a higher computational efficiency when compared to multiple proposals in the state of the art.
“Synergistic Innovation: Crafting Indazole Derivatives for Advanced Anticancer, Antioxidant, and Antimicrobial Efficacy through Integrative Design and Holistic Evaluation”
Authors: Yadav Mithlesh , Pal Rohit , Purawarga Matada Gurubasavaraja Swamy , Kapoor Archana 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis study presents the synthesis and characterization of a newer series of N‐(1‐(2‐(phenylamino) pyrimidin‐4‐yl)‐1H‐indazol‐5‐yl)benzenesulfonamide (6 a–6 n) and N‐(6‐ethoxy‐1‐(2‐(phenylamino) pyrimidin‐4‐yl)‐1H‐indazol‐5‐yl)benzenesulfonamide (7 a–7 c) derivatives through the reaction of N‐(1‐(2‐chloropyrimidin‐4‐yl)‐1H‐indazol‐5‐yl) benzenesulfonamide (4 a–i) and N‐(1‐(2‐chloropyrimidin‐4‐yl)‐6‐ethoxy‐1H‐indazol‐5‐yl) benzenesulfonamide (5 a–i) with various aniline derivatives in isopropanol. The compounds were thoroughly evaluated for their biological activities, encompassing antifungal, antibacterial, and anticancer assays, as well as antioxidant potential in DPPH and ABTS assays. Compound 7 b (IC50: 0.0125 MIC), 6 e (IC50: 0.0128 MIC), and 6 i (IC50: 0.0128 MIC) demonstrated exceptional antibacterial efficacy, while 6 d (IC50: 0.0124 MIC), 6 f (IC50: 0.0125 MIC) and 7 c (IC50: 0.0118 MIC), exhibited notable antifungal activity. Compounds 6 c (IC50: 13.31±0.32 μM, A459) & (IC50: 22.36±1.76 μM, MCF7) displayed significant anticancer activity comparable to established drugs. Moreover, 6 b (IC50: 11.22±0.16 μM, A459) & (IC50: 18.21±1.32 μM, MCF7) and 6 d (IC50: 11.23±0.17 μM, A459) & (IC50: 18.31±1.41 μM, MCF7) showed remarkable anticancer potency. Notably, compound N‐(1‐(2‐(methyl(phenyl)amino)pyrimidin‐4‐yl)‐1H‐indazol‐5‐yl)‐4‐nitrobenzenesulfonamide (IC50:0.1090 μmol/mL for DPPH and IC50: 0.1286 μmol/mL for ABTS) exhibited the most significant antioxidant activity. Computational docking studies revealed robust binding interactions with target enzymes (PDB ID: 4JT3 for anticancer, PDB ID: 1EA1 for antifungal, PDB ID: 1KZN for antibacterial, PDB ID: 3SRG for antioxidant), supported by molecular dynamics simulations indicating consistent stability of the most potent compound within the binding sites of the target proteins. These findings underscore the therapeutic potential of these derivatives, warranting further investigation for potential clinical applications.
Modulating 3d Charge State via Halogen Ions in Neighboring Molecules of Metal–Organic Frameworks for Improving Water Oxidation
Authors: Hu Yitian , Fan Yalei , Li Lili , Zhou Jing , Hu Zhiwei , Wang Jian‐Qiang , Dong Juncai , Zhao Shenlong , Zhang Linjuan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractModulating the coordination environment of the metal active center is an effective method to boost the catalytic performances of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) for oxygen evolution reaction (OER). However, little attention has been paid to the halogen effects on the ligands engineering. Herein, a series of MOFs X─FeNi‐MOFs (X = Br, Cl, and F) is constructed with different coordination microenvironments to optimize OER activity. Theoretical calculations reveal that with the increase in electronegativity of halogen ions in terephthalic acid molecular (TPA), the Bader charge of Ni atoms gets larger and the Ni‐3d band center and O‐2p bands move closer to the Fermi level. This indicates that an increase in ligand negativity of halogen ions in TPA can promote the adsorption ability of catalytic sites to oxygen‐containing intermediates and reduce the activation barrier for OER. Experimental also demonstrates that F─FeNi‐MOFs exhibit the highest catalytic activity with an ultralow overpotential of 218 mV at 10 mA cm−2, outperforming most otate‐of‐the‐art Fe/Co/Ni‐based MOFs catalysts, and the enhanced mass activity by seven times compared with that for the sample before ligands engineering. This work opens a new avenue for the realization of the modulation of NiFe─O bonding by halogen ion in TPA and improves the OER performance of MOFs.
Context factors perceived important when looking for similar experiences in decision‐making for software components: An interview study
Authors: Papatheocharous Efi , Wohlin Claes , Badampudi Deepika , Carlson Jan , Wnuk Krzysztof 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDuring software evolution, decisions related to components' origin or source significantly impact the quality properties of the product and development metrics such as cost, time to market, ease of maintenance, and further evolution. Thus, such decisions should ideally be supported by evidence, i.e., using previous experiences and information from different sources, even own previous experiences. A hindering factor to such reuse of previous experiences is that these decisions are highly context‐dependent and it is difficult to identify when previous experiences come from sufficiently similar contexts to be useful in a current setting. Conversely, when documenting a decision (as a decision experience), it is difficult to know which context factors will be most beneficial when reusing the experience in the future. An interview study is performed to identify a list of context factors that are perceived to be most important by practitioners when using experiences to support decision‐making for component sourcing, using a specific scenario with alternative sources of experiences. We observed that the further away (from a company or an interviewee) the experience evidence is, as is the case for online experiences, the more context factors are perceived as important by practitioners to make use of the experience. Furthermore, we discuss and identify further research to make this type of decision‐making more evidence‐based.
Structural Engineering of Carbon Host Derived from Organic Pigment toward Physicochemically Confinement and Efficient Conversion of Polysulfide for Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Heo Woo Sub , Kwon Woong , Lee Taewoong , Chae Seongwook , Park Jae Bin , Park Minjoon , Jeong Euigyung , Lee Jin Hong , Lee Seung Geol 
Published: April 2024

AbstractLithium–Sulfur Batteries (LSBs) have attracted significant attention as promising next‐generation energy storage systems. However, the commercial viability of LSBs have been hindered due to lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) shuttle effect, resulting in poor cycling stability and low sulfur utilization. To address this issue, herein, the study prepares a sulfur host consisting of micro/mesopore‐enriched activated carbonaceous materials with ultrahigh surface area using organic pigment via facile one‐step activation. By varying the proportion of chemical agent, the pore size and volume of the activated carbonaceous materials are manipulated and their capabilities on the mitigation of LiPSs shuttle effect are investigated. Through the electrochemical measurements and spectroscopic analysis, it is verified that structural engineering of carbon hosts plays a pivotal role in effective physical confinement of LiPSs, leading to the mitigation of LiPSs shuttle effect and sulfur utilization. Additionally, nitrogen and oxygen‐containing functional groups originated from PR show electrocatalytic activation sites, facilitating LiPSs conversion kinetics. The approach can reveal that rational design of carbon microstructures can improve trapping and suppression of LiPSs and shuttle effect, enhancing electrochemical performance of LSBs.
Auto‐regulated radial base function structure implementation in the hybrid and ensemble hybrid domains to assess the hardened properties of novel mixture high performance concrete
Authors: Lei Yang 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe mechanical properties of concrete, such as compressive strength and slump flow rates, are very nonlinear. For academics, it is crucial to forecast these qualities while creating new building methods. Such capabilities should be developed to lower the cost of expensive tests and increase the precision of the measurements. The goal of this study is to create an radial basis function neural network to describe the characteristics of hardness in high‐performance concrete (HPC) mix. Metaheuristic techniques were used to enhance the RBFNN's functionality. A dataset of 181 HPC mixes comprising ecologically beneficial ingredients, such as fly ash and silica fume, was used for training and evaluating the capabilities of the proposed hybrid models. According to the modeling process based on sensitivity analysis of input parameters and the results of hybrid models, the model combined with the multiverse optimization algorithm (MVO) had a higher correlation between the predicted and observed CS and slump values than the model combined with three optimization algorithms in terms of the R2 index being the maximum value of 0.984 in the tasting phase of CS and SL estimation. While evaluating two mechanical aspects of HPC samples, the of the model coupled with the MVO algorithm reconfirmed its accuracy being 3.59.
History and current status of embryogenic culture‐based tissue culture, transformation and gene editing of maize (Zea mays L.)
Authors: McFarland Frank L. , Kaeppler Heidi F. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe production of embryogenic callus and somatic embryos is integral to the genetic improvement of crops via genetic transformation and gene editing. Regenerable embryogenic cultures also form the backbone of many micro‐propagation processes for crop species. In many species, including maize, the ability to produce embryogenic cultures is highly genotype dependent. While some modern transformation and genome editing methods reduce genotype dependence, these efforts ultimately fall short of producing truly genotype‐independent tissue culture methods. Recalcitrant genotypes are still identified in these genotype‐flexible processes, and their presence is magnified by the stark contrast with more amenable lines, which may respond more efficiently by orders of magnitude. This review aims to describe the history of research into somatic embryogenesis, embryogenic tissue cultures, and plant transformation, with particular attention paid to maize. Contemporary research into genotype‐flexible morphogenic gene‐based transformation and genome engineering is also covered in this review. The rapid evolution of plant biotechnology from nascent technologies in the latter half of the 20th century to well‐established, work‐horse production processes has, and will continue to, fundamentally changed agriculture and plant genetics research.
Ehrenamtliche Bürgermeister und Wahlen
Authors: Bogumil Jörg , Gehne David H. , Süß Louisa Anna 
Published: April 2024

ZusammenfassungDie Direktwahl von Bürgermeistern ist bei den hauptamtlichen Amtsinhabern seit Mitte der 1990er-Jahre in Deutschland flächendeckend eingeführt worden. Bei den eBm ist das nicht so, denn in Schleswig-Holstein und in Niedersachsen wurde die Direktwahl nicht eingeführt und die eBm werden weiterhin durch den Rat gewählt. Bisher gibt es keine Forschung zur Direktwahl von eBm, da sich die meisten Wahlanalysen entweder auf einzelne Länder konzentrieren (z. B. Gehne 2008, 2020 für NRW, Klein 2014 für Baden-Württemberg oder Klein und Lüdecke 2018 für Hessen), die keine eBm haben, oder diese nicht einbezogen wurden, oder erst ab einer bestimmten Gemeindegröße Daten gesammelt und ausgewertet wurden (z. B. Holtkamp und Garske 2020 ab 20.000 Einwohnende). Im Rahmen dieses Forschungsprojektes konnte erstmals Direktwahldaten für kleine Gemeinden in sieben von zehn Bundesländern mit eBm gesammelt und systematisch ausgewertet werden. Im folgenden Kapitel werden zunächst die Wahldaten hinsichtlich des Kandidatenangebotes und der Wahlergebnisse bei Direktwahlen der eBm ausgewertet, um abschließend auch im Vergleich zum Forschungsstand bei hBm die Fragen zu diskutieren, wie stark die personelle Parteipolitisierung von Direktwahlen der eBm ausgeprägt ist und ob die Wahlergebnisse Hinweise auf einen Nachwuchsmangel bei eBm liefern. Die ratsgewählten Bürgermeister werden im Weiteren nicht berücksichtigt.
Superspin chains solutions from 4D Chern-Simons theory
Authors: Boujakhrout Y. , Saidi E. H , Laamara R. Ahl , Drissi L. B 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
As a generalisation of the correspondence linking 2D integrable systems with 4D Chern-Simons (CS) gauge theory, superspin chains are realized by means of crossing electric and magnetic super line defects in the 4D CS with super gauge symmetry. The oscillator realization of Lax operators solving the RLL relations of integrability is obtained in the gauge theory by extending the notion of Levi decomposition to Lie superalgebras. Based on particular 3-gradings of Lie superalgebras, we obtain graded oscillator Lax matrices for superspin chains with internal symmetries given by A(m − 1 | n − 1), B(m | n), C(n) and D(m | n).
Symmetries and covering maps for the minimal tension string on AdS3 × S3 × T4
Authors: McStay N. M. , Reid-Edwards R. A. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This paper considers a recently-proposed string theory on AdS3 × S3 × T4 with one unit of NS-NS flux (k = 1). We discuss interpretations of the target space, including connections to twistor geometry and a more conventional spacetime interpretation via the Wakimoto representation. We propose an alternative perspective on the role of the Wakimoto formalism in the k = 1 string, for which no large radius limit is required by the inclusion of extra operator insertions in the path integral. This provides an exact Wakimoto description of the worldsheet CFT. We also discuss an additional local worldsheet symmetry, Q(z), that emerges when k = 1 and show that this symmetry plays an important role in the localisation of the path integral to a sum over covering maps. We demonstrate the emergence of a rigid worldsheet translation symmetry in the radial direction of the AdS3, for which again the presence of Q(z) is crucial. We conjecture that this radial symmetry plays a key role in understanding, in the case of the k = 1 string, the encoding of the bulk physics on the two-dimensional boundary.
Indirect detection of dark matter with (pseudo)-scalar interactions
Authors: Biondini Simone , Bollig Julian , Vogl Stefan 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Indirect detection is one of the most powerful methods to search for annihilating dark matter. In this work, we investigate the impact of non-perturbative effects in the indirect detection of dark matter. For this purpose we utilize a minimal model consisting of a fermionic dark matter candidate in the TeV mass range that interacts via scalar- and pseudo-scalar interactions with a massive scalar mediator mixing with the Higgs. The scalar interaction induces an attractive Yukawa potential between dark matter particles, such that annihilations are Sommerfeld enhanced, and bound states can form. These non-perturbative effects are systematically dealt with (potential) non-relativistic effective field theories and we derive the relevant cross sections for dark matter. We discuss their impact on the relic density and indirect detection. Annihilations in dwarf galaxies and the Galactic Center require special care and we derive generalized J-factors for these objects that account for the non-trivial velocity dependence of the cross sections in our model. We use limits on the gamma-ray flux based on Fermi-LAT observations and limits on the rate of exotic energy injection from Planck to derive bounds on the parameter space of the model. Finally, we estimate the impact that future limits from the Cherenkov Telescope Array are expected to have on the model.
Riemann zeros as quantized energies of scattering with impurities
Authors: LeClair André , Mussardo Giuseppe 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
We construct an integrable physical model of a single particle scattering with impurities spread on a circle. The S-matrices of the scattering with the impurities are such that the quantized energies of this system, coming from the Bethe Ansatz equations, correspond to the imaginary parts of the non-trivial zeros of the the Riemann ζ(s) function along the axis $$\mathfrak{R}\left(s\right)=\frac{1}{2}$$ of the complex s-plane. A simple and natural generalization of the original scattering problem leads instead to Bethe Ansatz equations whose solutions are the non-trivial zeros of the Dirichlet L-functions again along the axis $$\mathfrak{R}\left(s\right)=\frac{1}{2}$$. The conjecture that all the non-trivial zeros of these functions are aligned along this axis of the complex s-plane is known as the Generalised Riemann Hypothesis (GRH). In the language of the scattering problem analysed in this paper the validity of the GRH is equivalent to the completeness of the Bethe Ansatz equations. Moreover the idea that the validity of the GRH requires both the duality equation (i.e. the mapping s → 1 – s) and the Euler product representation of the Dirichlet L-functions finds additional and novel support from the physical scattering model analysed in this paper. This is further illustrated by an explicit counterexample provided by the solutions of the Bethe Ansatz equations which employ the Davenport-Heilbronn function $$\mathcal{D}\left(s\right)$$, i.e. a function whose completion satisfies the duality equation χ(s) = χ(1 – s) but that does not have an Euler product representation. In this case, even though there are infinitely many solutions of the Bethe Ansatz equations along the axis $$\mathfrak{R}\left(s\right)=\frac{1}{2}$$, there are also infinitely many pairs of solutions away from this axis and symmetrically placed with respect to it.
Global solutions to the Kirchhoff equation with spectral gap data in the energy space
Authors: Ghisi Marina , Gobbino Massimo 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWe prove that the classical hyperbolic Kirchhoff equation admits global-in-time solutions for some classes of initial data in the energy space. We also show that there are enough such solutions so that every initial datum in the energy space is the sum of two initial data for which a global-in-time solution exists. The proof relies on the notion of spectral gap data, namely initial data whose components vanish for large intervals of frequencies. We do not pass through the linearized equation, because it is not well-posed at this low level of regularity.
The role of the immunosuppressive PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint pathway in the aging process and age-related diseases
Authors: Salminen Antero 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The accumulation of senescent cells within tissues is a hallmark of the aging process. Senescent cells are also commonly present in many age-related diseases and in the cancer microenvironment. The escape of abnormal cells from immune surveillance indicates that there is some defect in the function of cytotoxic immune cells, e.g., CD8+ T cells and natural killer (NK) cells. Recent studies have revealed that the expression of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) protein is abundantly increased in senescent cells. An increase in the amount of PD-L1 protein protects senescent cells from clearance by the PD-1 checkpoint receptor in cytotoxic immune cells. In fact, the activation of the PD-1 receptor suppresses the cytotoxic properties of CD8+ T and NK cells, promoting a state of immunosenescence. The inhibitory PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint pathway acts in cooperation with immunosuppressive cells; for example, activation of PD-1 receptor can enhance the differentiation of regulatory T cells (Treg), myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC), and M2 macrophages, whereas the cytokines secreted by immunosuppressive cells stimulate the expression of the immunosuppressive PD-L1 protein. Interestingly, many signaling pathways known to promote cellular senescence and the aging process are crucial stimulators of the expression of PD-L1 protein, e.g., epigenetic regulation, inflammatory mediators, mTOR-related signaling, cGAS-STING pathway, and AhR signaling. It seems that the inhibitory PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint axis has a crucial role in the accumulation of senescent cells and thus it promotes the aging process in tissues. Thus, the blockade of the PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint signaling might be a potential anti-aging senolytic therapy.

Key messages

Senescent cells accumulate within tissues during aging and age-related diseases.

Senescent cells are able to escape immune surveillance by cytotoxic immune cells.

Expression of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) markedly increases in senescent cells.

Age-related signaling stimulates the expression of PD-L1 protein in senescent cells.

Inhibitory PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint pathway suppresses clearance of senescent cells.