bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and characterization of novel soluble poly(ether ketone sulfone)s with pendant polychloro groups
Authors: Huang Zhen‐Zhong , Yu La‐Mei , Sheng Shou‐Ri , Ge Wei‐Wei , Liu Xiao‐Ling , Song Cai‐Sheng 
Published: January 2008

AbstractA novel monomer of tetrachloroterephthaloyl chloride (TCTPC) was prepared by the chlorination of terephthaloyl chloride catalyzed by ferric chloride at 175–180°C for 10 h and confirmed by FTIR, MS, and elemental analysis. Five new polychloro substituted poly(aryl ether ketone sulfone)s (PEKSs) with inherent viscosities of 0.68–0.75 dL/g have been prepared from 4,4′‐diphenoxydiphenylsulfone, 4,4′‐bis(2‐methylphenoxy) diphenylsulfone, 4,4′‐bis(3‐methylph‐enoxy)diphenylsulfone, 4,4′‐bis(2,6‐dimethylphenoxy)diphenylsulfone, and 4,4′‐bis(1‐naphthoxy)‐diphenylsulfone with TCTPC by electrophilic Friedel‐Crafts acylation in the presence of DMF with anhydrous AlCl3 as a catalyst in 1,2‐dichloroethane, respectively. These polymers having weight–average molecular weight in the range of 76,600–83,900 are all amorphous and show high glass transition temperatures ranging from 213 to 250°C, the 5% weight loss temperature over 450°C, high char yields of 60–67% at 700°C in nitrogen and good solubility in CHCl3 and polar solvents such as DMF, DMSO, and NMP at room temperature. All the polymers formed transparent, strong, and flexible films, with tensile strengths of 85.1–90.8 MPa, Young's moduli of 2.52–3.24 GPa, and elongations at break of 21.2–27.2%. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
A comparative study for using different solvents in pretreatment fabrics and in corporation in printing paste
Authors: Nassar S. H. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractA comparative study is carried out to investigate seven different organic solvents in pretreatment and incorporation in printing pastes of polyester, polyester cotton blends, 50/50 and 65/35 fabrics. The substrates are printed with their compatible dyes, disperse and disperse/reactive. The presence of organic solvents increases the suitability of the dye molecules, which facilitates their transfer from the printed film into the fabric during fixation. All the factors influencing the pretreatment and printing efficiency of the substrates are investigated in detail. The K/S (the color yield of the printed samples) values of the prints along with the water absorption and tensile strength measurements are also determined. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Morphological and Autoradiographic Studies on the Corneal and Limbal Epithelium of Rabbits
Authors: Góes Rejane Maira , Barbosa Flávia Leão , De Faria‐e‐sousa Sidney Júlio , Haddad Antonio 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThe investigation was centered on the morphological features of the conjunctiva–cornea transition (limbus) of the rabbit eye and the proliferative behavior of its epithelium. The eyes were processed for examination with light and electron microscopy, as well as for autoradiography after intravitreal injection of [3H]thymidine ([3H]TdR). At the sites of extraocular muscle insertion, the vascularization of the stroma extended to the peripheral cornea, and the limbal epithelium was thin with its basal stratum made up by clear cuboidal cells. In between the muscle insertions, the cuboidal clear cells, as well as the stroma blood vessels, were scarce. At the light microscope level, the basement membrane was distinct in the cornea but not in the limbus or the conjunctiva. Autoradiographs demonstrated that, at the limbus, the basal cells migrated very quickly to the suprabasal region and remained there up to the 28‐day interval. Labeled cells were identified in all epithelial layers of the cornea, including the basal one, at 21 and 28 days but not in the limbal basal clear cells. The rate of renewal of conjunctival epithelium was similar to that observed for the transition with scarce clear cells. The high‐resolution autoradiographs demonstrated that the basal cuboidal clear limbal cells exhibit a quick renewal and that they are not label‐retaining cells. These latter ones were detected all over the corneal epithelium and in the suprabasal layers of the limbus up to 28 days, in physiological conditions, without the need of stimulation by damage to the corneal epithelium. Anat Rec, 291:191–203, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Anatomical Evidence for Interconnections Between the Central Mesencephalic Reticular Formation and Cervical Spinal Cord in the Cat and Macaque
Authors: Warren Susan , Waitzman David M. , May Paul J. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractA gaze‐related region in the caudal midbrain tegementum, termed the central mesencephalic reticular formation (cMRF), has been designated on electrophysiological grounds in monkeys. In macaques, the cMRF correlates with an area in which reticulotectal neurons overlap with tectoreticular terminals. We examined whether a region with the same anatomical characteristics exists in cats by injecting biotinylated dextran amine into their superior colliculi. These injections showed that a cat cMRF is present. Not only do labeled tectoreticular axons overlap the distribution of labeled reticulotectal neurons, these elements also show numerous close boutonal associations, suggestive of synaptic contact. Thus, the presence of a cMRF that supplies gaze‐related feedback to the superior colliculus may be a common vertebrate feature. We then investigated whether cMRF connections indicate a role in the head movement component of gaze changes. Cervical spinal cord injections in both the cat and monkey retrogradely labeled neurons in the ipsilateral, medial cMRF. In addition, they provided evidence for a spinoreticular projection that terminates in this same portion of the cMRF, and in some cases contributes boutons that are closely associated with reticulospinal neurons. Injection of the physiologically defined, macaque cMRF demonstrated that this spinoreticular projection originates in the cervical ventral horn, indicating it may provide the cMRF with an efference copy signal. Thus, the cat and monkey cMRFs have a subregion that is reciprocally connected with the ipsilateral spinal cord. This pattern suggests the medial cMRF may play a role in modulating the activity of antagonist neck muscles during horizontal gaze changes. Anat Rec, 291:141–160, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Stochastic models for air cargo terminal manpower supply planning in long‐term operations
Authors: Yan Shangyao , Chen Chia‐Hung , Chen Miawjane 
Published: January 2008

AbstractIn this research, based on two deterministic‐demand planning models, we established two long‐term stochastic‐demand planning models by incorporating the stochastic disturbances of manpower demands that occur in actual operations. The models are formulated as mixed integer linear programs that are solved using a mathematical programming solver. To compare the performance of the two stochastic‐demand and two deterministic‐demand planning models under the stochastic demands that occur in actual operations, we further develop a simulation‐based evaluation method. Finally, we perform numerical tests using real operating data from a Taiwan air cargo terminal. The preliminary results show that the stochastic models could be useful for planning air cargo terminal manpower supply. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Colorimetric assay for sensitive poly(styrene sulfonate) quantification in a template directed polyelectrolyte‐assembling process
Authors: Wiemann Lars O. , Buthe Andreas , Klein Mathias , Ansorge‐Schumacher Marion B. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractTemplate directed Layer‐by‐layer (LbL) technology recently moved into the center of scientific attention, particularly as a versatile tool for bioencapsulation purposes. Its major advantages can be found in the striking simplicity of tuning wall properties and the complete control over layer thickness and permeability. Yet, for the most commonly applied pair of polyelectrolytes, poly(allylamine) hydrochloride (PAH) and poly(styrene sulfonate) sodium salt (PSS), the mandatory control of the successful deposition on plane and colloidal surfaces is currently only attainable by means of sophisticated and expensive equipment. Here we describe an alternative quantification method based on a simple colorimetric assay using the Bradford reagent, a cost‐effective commercially available dye, and standard laboratory technical devices. The binding of the dye to PSS causes a distinct shift of the absorption maximum from 465 to 680 nm, providing a method for spectral quantification of submicrogram amounts of dissolved PSS during LbL coating with significant accuracy and excellent reproducibility. The method was successfully employed to quantify accurate polyelectrolyte loadings on several particles that have a general importance as LbL templates. Thus, this method can be recommended as standard laboratory technique for control of LbL encapsulation and will considerably broaden the applicability of this promising technology in biotechnology.
Embodied simulaton and imagery at work in hypnosis: Ericksonian psychotherapy and its uniqueness
Authors: Balugani Renzo 
Published: January 2008

AbstractRecent neuroscience findings regarding phenomena including perception, action and imagery are discussed. In each of these phenomena, a form of neural simulation is involved, which sheds a new light on our traditional knowledge of brain function, and can also be interpreted as the mechanisms underlying many forms of physiological and pathological human behaviour. In the last section, the implications of such concepts for the practice of hypnotic psychotherapy are discussed, giving us a more solid understanding and confirmation of techniques currently being used by Ericksonian psychotherapists. Copyright © 2008 British Society of Experimental & Clinical Hypnosis. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Interactional phenomenology of maternal and paternal hypnosis styles
Authors: Varga Katalin , Bányai Éva I. , Józsa Emese , Gősi‐Greguss Anna C. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThe study introduces an interactional analysis of subjective data (PCI and DIH questionnaires) from hypnotist and subject along with the concept of hypnosis styles (maternal/paternal scores), in a real‐simulator design. It was expected that the subjective experiences of maternal and paternal hypnotists (and their subjects) are different: 1) maternal style is more emotional regarding both interactional and experience parameters, while paternal style is rather cognitive and sovereign; 2) subjects can experience subjective signs of alteration of their consciousness with both hypnosis styles; 3) while hypnotizing, maternal hypnotists are more likely to feel the alterations of their own level of consciousness, while paternal hypnotists remain reality‐oriented. The correlational analysis of our data confirmed the above expectations and strengthened the construct of ‘hypnosis style’. Only slight, but characteristic differences could be observed between real and simulating interactions. Copyright © 2008 British Society of Experimental & Clinical Hypnosis. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Carboazidation of Chiral Allylsilanes: Experimental and Theoretical Investigations
Authors: Chabaud Laurent , Landais Yannick , Renaud Philippe , Robert Frédéric , Castet Frédéric , Lucarini Marco , Schenk Kurt 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThe carboazidation of chiral allylsilanes has been investigated by varying the nature of the substituents at the silicon center and on the carbon framework. The influence of temperature and the nature of the sulfonyl azide, as well as the stereochemistry of the remote stereogenic center, on the 1,2‐diastereocontrol of the process were considered. Good to excellent levels of diastereocontrol were generally observed, with the syn‐β‐azidosilane always being formed as the major isomer. An illustration of the value of this methodology has been provided with a short and efficient synthesis of an analogue of castanospermine. EPR spectroscopy was carried out on various β‐silyl radicals providing useful information about their conformations in the ground state. Based on this experimental evidence and DFT calculations, reactant‐like transition state models were finally proposed that rationalize the observed 1,2‐stereoinduction.
Parking and Restarting a Molecular Shuttle In Situ
Authors: Chen Nai‐Chia , Lai Chien‐Chen , Liu Yi‐Hung , Peng Shie‐Ming , Chiu Sheng‐Hsien 
Published: January 2008

AbstractHerein we report an easy‐to‐synthesize [2]rotaxane, which incorporates two ionic monopyridinium stations and one 2,2′‐bipyridine station as the shaft of the dumbbell‐shaped component and a bis‐p‐xylyl[26]crown‐6 (BPX26C6) unit as the macrocyclic component. In this molecular shuttle, the BPX26C6 unit can be docked selectively on either the central 2,2′‐bipyridine station or one of the two terminal pyridinium stations, and subsequently, returned to its shuttling molecular motion through the in situ addition of simple reagents (acid/base or metal ion/metal‐ion‐complexing ligand pairs).
Caffeine, alcohol, smoking, and the risk of incident epithelial ovarian cancer
Authors: Tworoger Shelley S. , Gertig Dorota M. , Gates Margaret A. , Hecht Jonathan L. , Hankinson Susan E. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractBACKGROUNDSmoking, caffeine, and alcohol intake are all potentially modifiable factors that have an unclear association with ovarian cancer risk. Therefore, the associations between these exposures and ovarian cancer risk were prospectively examined among 110,454 women in the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) for the smoking analyses and 80,253 women for the dietary analyses.METHODSWomen completed biennial questionnaires assessing ovarian cancer risk factors beginning in 1976, with food frequency questionnaires administered every 2 to 4 years starting in 1980. For the smoking analyses, 737 confirmed cases of epithelial ovarian cancer were identified and for the dietary aims, 507 cases were identified through June 1, 2004.RESULTSCompared with never‐smokers, neither current nor past smoking was associated with ovarian cancer risk overall; however, both were associated with mucinous tumors (n = 69; rate ratio [RR], past = 2.02 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.15–3.55]; RR, current = 2.22 [95% CI, 1.16–4.24]). A modest inverse association between caffeine intake and ovarian cancer risk was observed (RR, top vs bottom quintile = 0.80; 95% CI, 0.60–1.07 [P = .03]), which was strongest for women who had never used either oral contraceptives (RR = 0.65; 95% CI, 0.46–0.92 [P for heterogeneity = .02]) or postmenopausal hormones (RR = 0.57; 95% CI, 0.36–0.91 [P for heterogeneity = .13]). Alcohol was not associated with ovarian cancer risk.CONCLUSIONSThe results of the current study suggest that cigarette smoking may only increase the risk for mucinous ovarian tumors, and alcohol intake was not associated with risk. However, an inverse association was observed between caffeine intake and ovarian cancer risk, particularly in women not using hormones; this finding merits further study. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
Redundant function of the heparan sulfate 6‐O‐endosulfatases Sulf1 and Sulf2 during skeletal development
Authors: Ratzka Andreas , Kalus Ina , Moser Markus , Dierks Thomas , Mundlos Stefan , Vortkamp Andrea 
Published: January 2008

AbstractModification of the sulfation pattern of heparan sulfate (HS) during organ development is thought to regulate binding and signal transduction of several growth factors. The secreted sulfatases, Sulf1 and Sulf2, desulfate HS on 6‐O‐positions extracellularly. We show that both sulfatases are expressed in overlapping patterns during embryonic skeletal development. Analysis of compound mutants of Sulf1 and Sulf2 derived from gene trap insertions and targeted null alleles revealed subtle but distinct skeletal malformations including reduced bone length, premature vertebrae ossification and fusions of sternebrae and tail vertebrae. Molecular analysis of endochondral ossification points to a function of Sulf1 and Sulf2 in delaying the differentiation of endochondral bones. Penetrance and severity of the phenotype increased with reduced numbers of functional alleles indicating redundant functions of both sulfatases. The mild skeletal phenotype of double mutants suggests a role for extracellular modification of 6‐O‐sulfation in fine‐tuning rather than regulating the development of skeletal structures. Developmental Dynamics 237:339–353, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Open‐tubular capillary electrochromatography using a capillary coated with octadecylamine‐capped gold nanoparticles
Authors: Qu Qishu , Zhang Xinxin , Shen Ming , Liu Yin , Hu Xiaoya , Yang Gongjun , Wang Chengyin , Zhang Yukui , Yan Chao 
Published: January 2008

AbstractOctadecylamine‐capped gold nanoparticles (ODA‐Au‐NPs) were prepared and characterized by using UV–Vis adsorption spectrum, transmission electron chromatography (TEM), SEM, and FT‐IR. A simple but robust hydrophobic coating was easily developed by flushing a capillary with a solution of ODA‐Au‐NPs, because the positive charges were carried by the nanoparticles which strongly adsorb to the negatively charged inner surface of a fused‐silica capillary via electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions. The chromatographic characteristics of the coated capillary was investigated by varying the experimental parameters such as buffer pH, buffer concentration, and percentage of organic modifier in the mobile phase. The results show that (i) resolution between thiourea and naphthalene is almost the same when comparing the electrochromatograms obtained using pH 7 buffer as mobile phase after and before the capillary column was operated using pH 11 and 3 mobile phase; (ii) no significant changes in retention time and deterioration in peak efficiency were found after 60 runs of test aromatic mixtures; and (iii) column efficiency up to 189 000 theoretical plates/meter for testosterone was obtained. All of the results indicated that the coating could act as a stable stationary phase for open tubular CEC as well as for bioanalysis.
Calix[4] open‐chain crown ether‐modified, vinyl‐functionalized hybrid silica monolith for capillary electrochromatography
Authors: Tian Yun , Zhang Lianfeng , Zeng Zhaorui , Li Haibing 
Published: January 2008

AbstractA novel calix[4] open‐chain crown ether (p‐tert‐butylcalix[4]arene‐1,3‐bis(allyloxyethy) ether)‐modified, organic–inorganic hybrid silica‐based monolithic column possessing vinyl ligands for CEC is described. The monolithic silica matrix containing a vinyl functionality was synthesized by in situ cocondensation of tetramethoxysilane (TMOS) and vinyltrimethoxysilane (VTMS) via sol–gel process and chemically modified with calix[4] open‐chain crown ether by free radical polymerization procedure using α, α'‐azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as an initiator. Morphology of the monolithic column was examined by SEM and the successful incorporation of calix[4] open‐chain crown ether to the vinyl‐hybrid monolith was characterized by infrared (IR) spectra. Compared with an unmodified vinyl‐hybrid monolithic column, slightly stronger EOF at pH >7.5 was observed for this monolithic column due to the ionization of phenolic hydroxyls on the lower rim of calix[4]arene. VTMS/TMOS ratios in the reaction mixture were varied and 1:4 was found to be optimum to obtain homogeneous monolith with good permeability. The performance of the column was evaluated by nucleotides, β‐blockers, neurotransmitters, and PAHs as test solutes and compared with that of unmodified vinyl‐hybrid monolithic column. Greatly improved column performance was obtained due to the host–guest interaction and intermolecular hydrogen bonding provided by the calix[4] open‐chain crown ether moiety. The column efficiencies for neurotransmitters and nucleotides are up to 120 000 and 110 000 plates/m, respectively. Migration time and theoretical plate number reproducibilities were reasonable with RSDs less than 1.0 and 1.8% each for within column runs and not more than 7.2 and 8.6% each for column‐to‐column measurements, using four nucleotides as test solutes.
Characterization of phosphatidylcholine/polyethylene glycol‐lipid aggregates and their use as coatings and carriers in capillary electrophoresis
Authors: Lindén Maria V. , Meinander Kristoffer , Helle Anne , Yohannes Gebrenegus , Riekkola Marja‐Liisa , Butcher Sarah J. , Viitala Tapani , Wiedmer Susanne K. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractPEG‐stabilized lipid aggregates are a promising new class of model membranes in biotechnical and pharmaceutical applications. CE techniques, field‐flow fractionation, light scattering, quartz crystal microbalance (QCM), and microscopic techniques were used to study aggregates composed of 1‐palmitoyl‐2‐oleyl‐sn‐glycero‐phosphatidylcholine (POPC) and PEG‐lipid conjugates. The PEG‐lipids, with PEG molar masses of 1000, 2000, and 3000, were 1,2‐diacyl‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phosphoethanolamine‐N‐[methoxy‐(PEG)] derivatives with either dimyristoyl (DM, 14:0) or distearoyl (DS, 18:0) acyl groups. The 80/20 mol% POPC/PEG‐lipid dispersions in HEPES at pH 7.4 were extruded through 100 nm size membranes. Asymmetrical flow field‐flow fractionation (AsFlFFF), photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS), and dynamic light scattering (DLS) were used to determine the sizes of POPC and the PEGylated aggregates. All methods demonstrated that the DSPEG‐lipid sterically stabilized aggregates were smaller in size than pure POPC vesicles. The zeta potentials of the aggregates were measured and showed an increase from −19 mV for pure POPC to −4 mV for the POPC/DSPEG3000 aggregates. Atomic force microscopy (AFM), electron cryo‐microscopy (EM), and multifrequency QCM studies were made to achieve information about the PEGylated coatings on silica. Lipid aggregates with different POPC/DSPEG3000‐lipid ratios were applied as capillary coating material, and the 80/20 mol% composition was found to give the most suppressed and stable EOFs. Mixtures of low‐molar‐mass drugs and FITC‐labeled amino acids were separated with the PEGylated aggregates as carriers (EKC) or as coating material (CEC). Detection was made by UV and LIF.
Analysis of the narrowband interference effect on frequency ambiguity resolution for OFDM systems
Authors: Marey Mohamed , Steendam Heidi 
Published: January 2008

AbstractIn orthogonal frequency division multiplexed (OFDM) systems affected by carrier frequency offsets, frequency ambiguity resolution, i.e. the estimation of the part of the frequency offset corresponding to an integer times the carrier spacing is a crucial issue. The proper action of frequency ambiguity resolution algorithms can be strongly affected by the presence of disturbances, like narrowband interference (NBI). In this paper, the susceptibility of the blind and data aided maximum likelihood (ML) frequency ambiguity estimators to NBI signals, which may arise in the OFDM band as the spectrum becomes more crowded, is investigated in an analytical way. The analytical results are verified by means of simulations. Although the estimators turn out to be essentially independent of the bandwidth of the interferers and the number of interferers, the performance of the estimators is very sensitive to the positions of the interferers when the interferers are strong. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.