bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pulmonary vascular pressure respiratory swings in COPD and ILD candidates for lung transplantation: Large but different
Authors: Grignola Juan C. , Calabuig Alvaro , Trujillo Pedro , Bravo Carles , Azpiroz Fernando , Messeguer Manuel López , Domingo Enric 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWe analyzed the effect of respiratory swings on interpreting intravascular pulmonary vascular pressures (PVPs) in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and interstitial lung disease (ILD) candidates for lung transplantation (LTx) and the role of the alterations in pulmonary function tests on the dynamic respiratory variations. Twenty‐eight consecutive patients were included. All patients underwent a complete hemodynamic study (right atrial, mean pulmonary arterial, and pulmonary arterial occlusion pressures [RAP, mPAP, and PAOP]‐) and pulmonary function testing (force vital capacity [FVC], forced expiratory volume in the first second [FEV1], and residual volume [RV]). A subgroup of 10 patients underwent simultaneous esophageal pressure (PES). All hemodynamic parameters and PES were collected during apnea after an unforced expiration (ee) and during spontaneous breathing averaging five respiratory cycles (mrc). The respiratory swing (osc) was estimated as the difference between maximum–minimum values of pressures during the respiratory cycle. Intravascular RAPee, mPAPee, and PAOPee were higher than mrc values (p < 0.05), leading to 11% of pulmonary hypertension (PH) misdiagnosis and 37% of postcapillary PH misclassification. PAOPosc of COPD was higher than ILD patients and RAPosc (p < 0.05). Only PAOPosc correlated with FVC, FEV1, and RV (p < 0.05). ILD PESmrc was lower than COPD (p < 0.05), and it was associated with a significantly higher transmural than intravascular RAPmrc, mPAPmrc, and PAOPmrc. PESmrc was significantly correlated with FVC. Transmural mPAPmrc and PAOPmrc readings determined around 20% of reclassification of the patients compared to ee measurements. Candidates for LTx showed large respiratory swings in PVP, which were correlated with pulmonary function alterations. mrc PVP would be more closely approximated to the true transmural PVP leading to PH reclassification. Adjusting PVP for PES should be considered in COPD and ILD candidates of LTx with severe alterations in pulmonary functional tests and suspicion of a PESmrc far from 0. PES respiratory swings could be different in ILD to COPD patients.
Impact of Saharan dust outbreaks on short‐range weather forecast errors in Europe
Authors: Hermes Kilian , Quinting Julian , Grams Christian M. , Hoose Corinna , Hoshyaripour Gholam Ali 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMineral dust, the most abundant atmospheric aerosol by mass, interacts with radiation directly and alters cloud properties indirectly. Many operational numerical weather prediction models account for aerosol direct effects by using climatological mean concentrations and neglect indirect effects. This simplification may lead to shortcomings in model forecasts during outbreaks of Saharan dust towards Europe, when climatological mean dust concentrations deviate strongly from actual concentrations. This study investigates errors in model analyses and short‐range forecasts during such events. We investigate a pronounced dust event in March 2021 using the pre‐operational ICOsahedral Nonhydrostatic weather and climate model with Aerosols and Reactive Trace gases (ICON‐ART) with prognostic calculation of dust and the operational European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Integrated Forecasting System (IFS) model, which deploys a dust climatology. We compare model analysis and forecast with measurements from satellite and in situ instruments. We find that inclusion of prognostic aerosol and direct radiative effects from dust improves forecasts of surface radiation during clear‐sky conditions. However, dust‐induced cirrus clouds are strongly underestimated, highlighting the importance of representing indirect effects adequately. These findings are corroborated by systematic quantification of forecast errors against satellite measurements. For this we construct an event catalogue with 49 dust days over Central Europe between January 2018 and March 2022. We classify model cells by simulated and observed cloudiness and simulated dustiness in the total atmospheric column. We find significant overestimations of brightness temperature for cases with dust compared with cases without dust. For surface shortwave radiation, we find median overestimations of 6.2% during cloudy conditions with dust optical depth greater than 0.1, however these are not significant compared with cloudy conditions without dust. Our findings show that the pre‐operational ICON‐ART and the operational IFS model still do not reproduce cloudiness adequately during events with Saharan dust over Central Europe. Missing implementations of prognostic dust, particularly of indirect effects on cloud formation, lead to significant underestimations of cloudiness and potentially overestimations of surface radiation.
Precipitable water vapor from Sentinel‐1 improves the forecast of extratropical storm Barbara
Authors: Mateus Pedro , Nico Giovanni , Catalão João , Miranda Pedro M. A. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractHigh‐resolution water vapor fields retrieved over Iberia during the passage of storm Barbara (October 19–20, 2020) by Sentinel‐1 and assimilated by the Weanther Research & Forecasting Model (WRF) reveal a substantial positive impact on water vapor forecasting. Due to the path followed by the storm across Iberia, from its southwestern to the northeastern corners, and the geometry of Sentinel‐1 data acquisition, it is possible to show, for the first time, the potential added value of precipitable water vapor (PWV) obtained by the Interferometric Synthetic‐Aperture Radar (InSAR) technique, as a data source for both the forecast and validation of meteorological forecasts of synoptic‐scale storms. Results indicate that data assimilated in the InSAR footprint positively impact the downstream forecasts up to the northeastern boundary, about 850 km and 12 hours away, with improved skill scores of the water vapor distribution and improved forecasts of rain.
Regulatory role of miRNAs in the human immune and inflammatory response during the infection of SARS‐CoV‐2 and other respiratory viruses: A comprehensive review
Authors: Chakraborty Chiranjib , Bhattacharya Manojit , Lee Sang‐Soo 
Published: March 2024

AbstractmiRNAs are single‐stranded ncRNAs that act as regulators of different human body processes. Several miRNAs have been noted to control the human immune and inflammatory response during severe acute respiratory infection syndrome (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection. Similarly, many miRNAs were upregulated and downregulated during different respiratory virus infections. Here, an attempt has been made to capture the regulatory role of miRNAs in the human immune and inflammatory response during the infection of SARS‐CoV‐2 and other respiratory viruses. Firstly, the role of miRNAs has been depicted in the human immune and inflammatory response during the infection of SARS‐CoV‐2. In this direction, several significant points have been discussed about SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, such as the role of miRNAs in human innate immune response; miRNAs and its regulation of granulocytes; the role of miRNAs in macrophage activation and polarisation; miRNAs and neutrophil extracellular trap formation; miRNA‐related inflammatory response; and miRNAs association in adaptive immunity. Secondly, the miRNAs landscape has been depicted during human respiratory virus infections such as human coronavirus, respiratory syncytial virus, influenza virus, rhinovirus, and human metapneumovirus. The article will provide more understanding of the miRNA‐controlled mechanism of the immune and inflammatory response during COVID‐19, which will help more therapeutics discoveries to fight against the future pandemic.
Adaptive event‐triggered output‐feedback control for p‐normal stochastic nonlinear systems with uncertain output function and time‐varying delays
Authors: Liu Ce , Zhai Junyong 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis paper designs an adaptive event‐triggered output‐feedback controller for a class of ‐normal switched SNS with uncertain output function and time‐varying delays. Firstly, a Lyapunov function and reduced‐order observer using the output signal are constructed for nominal system by virtue of sign function and API technique. Then a dynamic gain and time‐decaying parameter are introduced into the event‐triggered mechanism to reduce the number of control updates. Next, by virtue of LKF and stochastic Barbalat's Lemma, it is proved that all the signals are bounded and system states asymptotically converge to zero in probability, and Zeno behavior is excluded. Finally, a numerical example and practical one are given to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Non‐fragile observer‐based security control for networked systems via event‐triggered WTOD protocol
Authors: Liu Jian , Wang Shuailong , Hu Bing , Liu Jinliang , Xie Xiangpeng , Tian Engang 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis paper investigates the security control issue for fuzzy networked systems with uncertainty under false data injection (FDI) and aperiodic denial‐of‐service (ADoS) attacks via sliding mode approach. To mitigate the communication burden, a novel mechanism compromising the advantages of the adaptive event‐triggered (AET) scheme and weighted try‐once‐discard (WTOD) protocol is proposed. In particular, the triggered threshold with real‐time characteristics varies with the measurement outputs. To be specific, the shared insecure communication network can be subjected to hybrid attacks including the stochastic FDI attacks and ADoS attacks limited by duration and frequency. Moreover, the token‐dependent fuzzy non‐fragile observer (NFO) with norm‐bounded uncertainty and corresponding fuzzy control law are constructed by virtue of the Zero‐Order‐Hold (ZOH) strategy. Then, several sufficient criteria that guarantee the exponential stability of the system and the reachability of the specified sliding surface are given. Eventually, a numerical example is presented to verify the applicability of the proposed security control strategy.
Applying parentage methods to detect gravel augmentation effects on juvenile Chinook Salmon recruitment rates
Authors: Blankenship Scott M. , Scherer Avery , Dean Cheryl , Sellheim Kirsten , Sweeney Jamie , Merz Joseph 
Published: March 2024

AbstractQuantifiable measurement of habitat restoration effects on salmonid reproductive performance is limited, although it is necessary for evaluating whether population responses follow management actions. We investigated using close‐kin mark‐recapture methods to partition restoration effects within standard monitoring metrics of juvenile emigrants leaving the natal reach. This approach allowed for statistical comparison of relative juvenile capture rates (recruitment) from Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) naturally reproducing in gravel augmented (restored) and nonaugmented (unrestored) reaches of a highly managed California River. Genetic parentage techniques linked adult females that had spawned in augmented and nonaugmented spawning habitats with juvenile Chinook Salmon sampled the following spring at a trap located below the natal spawning area. Successful recruitment was documented from both augmented and nonaugmented habitats, with no statistical difference between the two habitat types. The capture rate per adult female was low (0.19–0.24 juveniles/female) compared to rates observed in other systems. Within the juvenile collections, most females in the study had 0 or 1 offspring observed; however, one female that spawned in a restored habitat had 25 offspring recovered at the trap. We modeled juvenile capture rates in relation to a range of biological and environmental variables including spawning habitat site, spawning habitat treatment (augmented and nonaugmented), annual spawner abundance, year spawned, female fork length, spawning and hatch day, and flow maximum and variance. There was an inverse relationship between annual adult abundance (escapement obtained from carcass surveys) and recruitment (juvenile recoveries at trap), suggesting habitat limitation may be creating density‐dependent effects. Additionally, female body size was positively associated with recruitment, while spawning day and mean daily temperature were inversely associated with recruitment, suggesting that both biological and environmental factors independent of habitat influenced reproduction potential. This study provides evidence that habitat restoration could have an additive (incremental) positive effect on recruitment rate, informing hatchery management and restoration activities related to population recovery.
Multiple Treatment of Triple‐Negative Breast Cancer Through Gambogic Acid‐Loaded Mesoporous Polydopamine
Authors: Liu Jiaqi , Liu Hongmei , Huang Shan , Peng Hong , Li Jiamei , Tu Kerong , Tan Sumin , Xie Rou , Lei Lei , Yue Qin , Gao Huile , Cai Lulu 
Published: March 2024

AbstractTriple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a highly heterogeneous subtype of breast cancer, characterized by aggressiveness and high recurrence rate. As monotherapy provides limited benefit to TNBC patients, combination therapy emerges as a promising treatment approach. Gambogic acid (GA) is an exceedingly promising anticancer agent. Nonetheless, its application potential is hampered by low drug loading efficiency and associated toxic side effects. To overcome these limitations, using mesoporous polydopamine (MPDA) endowed with photothermal conversion capabilities is considered as a delivery vehicle for GA. Meanwhile, GA can inhibit the activity of heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) to enhance the photothermal effect. Herein, GA‐loaded MPDA nanoparticles (GA@MPDA NPs) are developed with a high drug loading rate of 75.96% and remarkable photothermal conversion performance. GA@MPDA NPs combined with photothermal treatment (PTT) significantly inhibit the tumor growth, and effectively trigger the immunogenic cell death (ICD), which thereby increase the number of activated effector T cells (CD8+ T cells and CD4+ T cells) in the tumor, and hoist the level of immune‐inflammatory cytokines (IFN‐γ, IL‐6, and TNF‐α). The above results suggest that the combination of GA@MPDA NPs with PTT expected to activate the antitumor immune response, thus potentially enhancing the clinical therapeutic effect on TNBC.
Highly Efficient Room‐Temperature Nonvolatile Magnetic Switching by Current in Fe3GaTe2 Thin Flakes
Authors: Yan Shaohua , Tian Shangjie , Fu Yang , Meng Fanyu , Li Zhiteng , Lei Hechang , Wang Shouguo , Zhang Xiao 
Published: March 2024

AbstractEffectively tuning magnetic state by using current is essential for novel spintronic devices. Magnetic van der Waals (vdW) materials have shown superior properties for the applications of magnetic information storage based on the efficient spin torque effect. However, for most of known vdW ferromagnets, the ferromagnetic transition temperatures lower than room temperature strongly impede their applications and the room‐temperature vdW spintronic device with low energy consumption is still a long‐sought goal. Here, the highly efficient room‐temperature nonvolatile magnetic switching is realized by current in a single‐material device based on vdW ferromagnet Fe3GaTe2. Moreover, the switching current density and power dissipation are about 300 and 60000 times smaller than conventional spin‐orbit‐torque devices of magnet/heavy‐metal heterostructures. These findings make an important progress on the applications of magnetic vdW materials in the fields of spintronics and magnetic information storage.
Artemisia argyi extracts overcome lapatinib resistance via enhancing TMPRSS2 activation in HER2‐positive breast cancer
Authors: Ho Chien‐Yi , Wei Cheng‐Yen , Zhao Ruo‐Wen , Ye Yi‐Lun , Huang Hui‐Chi , Lee Jen‐Chih , Cheng Fang‐Ju , Huang Wei‐Chien 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBreast cancer stands as the predominant malignancy and primary cause of cancer‐related mortality among females globally. Approximately 25% of breast cancers exhibit HER2 overexpression, imparting a more aggressive tumor phenotype and correlating with poor prognoses. Patients with metastatic breast cancer receiving HER2 tyrosine kinase inhibitors (HER2 TKIs), such as Lapatinib, develop acquired resistance within a year, posing a critical challenge in managing this disease. Here, we explore the potential of Artemisia argyi, a Chinese herbal medicine known for its anti‐cancer properties, in mitigating HER2 TKI resistance in breast cancer. Analysis of the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) revealed diminished expression of transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2), a subfamily of membrane proteolytic enzymes, in breast cancer patients, correlating with unfavorable outcomes. Intriguingly, lapatinib‐responsive patients exhibited higher TMPRSS2 expression. Our study unveiled that the compounds from Artemisia argyi, eriodictyol, and umbelliferone could inhibit the growth of lapatinib‐resistant HER2‐positive breast cancer cells. Mechanistically, they suppressed HER2 kinase activation by enhancing TMPRSS2 activity. Our findings propose TMPRSS2 as a critical determinant in lapatinib sensitivity, and Artemisia argyi emerges as a potential agent to overcome lapatinib via activating TMPRSS2 in HER2‐positive breast cancer. This study not only unravels the molecular mechanisms driving cell death in HER2‐positive breast cancer cells induced by Artemisia argyi but also lays the groundwork for developing novel inhibitors to enhance therapy outcomes.
Comprehensive analysis of basement membrane‐related gene based on single‐cell and bulk RNA sequencing data to predict prognosis and evaluate immune characteristics in colorectal cancer
Authors: Han Jing , Wang Qipeng , Li Shangshang , Yang Jie , Qiu Zhengcai , Fu Wei 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAimsBasement membrane‐related genes (BMs) participate in regulating cell polarity, invasion, metastasis, and survival across different tumor types. Nevertheless, the specific functions of BMs in colorectal cancer (CRC) remain uncertain.MethodsTo investigate the clinical relevance of BMs in CRC, we retrieved both gene expression and clinical data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) datasets for subsequent analysis. The Kaplan–Meier (K–M) survival curve was employed to evaluate prognosis in high‐ and low‐risk groups. Furthermore, additional analyses, including nomogram construction, functional enrichment, examination of the tumor immune microenvironment, prediction of small‐molecule drugs, and more, were conducted to delve into the significance of BM‐related signatures in CRC. Single‐cell data from seven CRC patients were obtained from the TISCH2 database, and expression validation and cell source exploration of BM‐related signatures were performed. Lastly, the expression and function of TIMP1, a key gene in BMs that may play a role in the progression of CRC, was validated in vitro through a series of basic experiments.ResultsWe constructed a seven BMs‐based model to categorize CRC patients into high‐risk and low‐risk groups. K–M survival analysis indicated a poorer prognosis for high‐risk CRC patients. Cox regression analysis further identified the risk score as an independent prognostic factor for CRC patients. The nomogram model exhibited superior discrimination and calibration abilities of CRC patients. Based on the results from GO/KEGG and GSEA, genes in the high‐risk subgroup were implicated in immune‐related pathways and exhibited a positive correlation with immune checkpoints. In single‐cell data, we found that TIMP1 is highly expressed in many cells, especially in malignant tumor cells. We also observed up‐regulation of TIMP1 in CRC cell lines, promoting cancer invasion and migration in vitro.ConclusionsOur study has discovered a novel prognostic index derived from BM‐related genes in CRC patients. Specifically, the new model enables patient stratification, improving the selection of individuals likely to benefit from immunotherapy.
Freestanding carbon‐based hybrid anodes for flexible supercapacitors: Part I—An inclusive outlook on current collectors and configurations
Authors: Ghafoor Samra , Nadeem Nimra , Zahid Muhammad , Zubair Usman 
Published: March 2024

AbstractFlexible supercapacitors with hybrid anodes have gained significant attention in energy storage research, owing to their remarkable specific capacitance, outstanding power and energy densities, rapid charging‐to‐discharging rates, and superior flexibility. However, bare carbonaceous anodes exhibit limited capacitive performance, resulting in low energy density. To address this issue, recent efforts focus on hybridizing carbonaceous anodes with metal‐based active materials to enhance their electrochemical performance. This part of review comprehensively outlines the available options of carbonaceous materials used as substrates for constructing hybrid free‐standing flexible anodes. Various persuasive approaches are discussed, highlighting their effectiveness in enhancing the electrochemical performance of carbonaceous substrates. In addition, this piece of work provides an insight into the possible configurations of such devices for real‐life applications.This article is categorized under:
Emerging Technologies > Energy Storage
Emerging Technologies > Materials
Alif Layla Arts Center: Dream, Explore, Act
Authors: Aizaz Fatima 
Published: March 2024

AbstractI envision democratic education to be a community-centered education that empowers students to be critical thinkers who are reflective and aware of themselves, their community and their histories. It fosters the values of empathy, curiosity and justice, and empowers students to become active agents of change and voices against oppression. Alif Layla Arts Center is a step towards this direction by proposing the design of a community-based arts center.
Integration von kommunalen Instrumenten zur nachhaltigen Entwicklung der lokalen Ernährungswirtschaft – Beispiele aus Leipzig und Leutkirch
Authors: Wiek Arnim , Sipple David , Pomm Sebastian , Krumböck Michael , Henle Hans-Jörg 
Published: March 2024

ZusammenfassungIn immer mehr Kommunen haben Politik wie Verwaltung die Bedeutung der lokalen Ernährungswirtschaft erkannt und begonnen, diese durch Planung, Wirtschaftsförderung, Kooperation, sowie Bildung und Information nachhaltig zu entwickeln. Allerdings beschränken sich die meisten solcher Versuche auf punktuelle Anwendungen kommunaler Instrumente. Es gibt kaum Beispiele von integrativen/systemischen Ansätzen, bei denen eine Vielzahl von kommunalen Instrumenten sektorenübergreifend zur Anwendung kommen. Ausnahmen sind die Stadt Leipzig und die Stadt Leutkirch im Allgäu, neben einigen anderen. Dieser Beitrag stellt die integrativen Ansätze dieser beiden Städte vor, diskutiert sie kritisch und konstruktiv, und zieht Schlussfolgerungen hinsichtlich der Möglichkeiten und Herausforderungen für die integrative nachhaltige Entwicklung der lokalen Ernährungswirtschaft.