bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of biological activities of feline eosinophil granule proteins
Authors: Fondati Alessandra , Carreras Esther , Fondevila M. Dolors , Ferrer Lluís , Cuchillo Claudi M. , Nogués M. Victòria 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To characterize eosinophil granulederived proteins in cats.Sample Population—Eosinophils collected via peritoneal lavage from 2 cats.Procedure—The cats were infested orally withToxocara caniseggs and subsequently challengeexposed withT canisantigen injected IP to induce peritoneal eosinophilia; eosinophils were collected via peritoneal lavage. Eosinophil granule proteins were acid-extracted, separated by gel-filtration chromatography, and examined for their peroxidase, ribonuclease, and bactericidal activities; the N-terminal sequence of some of these proteins was determined and compared with homologue proteins from other species.Results—3 protein peaks were separated in the chromatogram. The first peak had both peroxidase and bactericidal activities. The second peak had ribonuclease and bactericidal activities, and the N-terminal sequence of the major protein was homologous with that of proteins of the ribonuclease A superfamily, including eosinophil ribonucleases from humans and other animal species. The third protein peak had bactericidal activity, and the N-terminal sequence of the major protein was homologous with that of human and murine major basic proteins.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results indicated that feline eosinophil granules contain major basic protein and eosinophil-associated ribonuclease and the granule proteins have peroxidase, ribonuclease, and bactericidal activities. In cats, characterization of eosinophil granule proteins may be useful in elucidation of the mechanism of tissue damage in eosinophil-associated diseases and development of new treatment options for those diseases. In addition, the identification of conserved structure and function of eosinophil granule proteins in cats is relevant from an evolutionary viewpoint. (Am J Vet Res2004;65:957–963)
Pharmacologic evaluation of neurokinin-2 receptor antagonists in the guinea pig respiratory tract
Authors: Venugopal Changaram S. , Christopher Craig L. , Wilson Shawn M. , Polikepahad Sumanth , Dequeant Elizabeth , Holmes Earnestine P. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To evaluate 3 neurokinin-2 (NK2) receptor
antagonists on the basis of their ability to block neurokinin
A (NKA)-induced contractile responses in various
regions of the guinea pig respiratory tract.

Animals—48 clinically normal guinea pigs.

Procedure—After euthanasia, the trachea and lungs
were removed en bloc. The spirally cut trachea was
divided into lower, middle, and upper portions. The
main bronchus was spirally cut. A lung strip was cut
from the edge of the lung. Tissue strips were mounted
in organ baths containing Tyrode solution at 37°C
and attached to force transducers interfaced with a
polygraph. Lung strips were set at a tension of 1 g;
other tissue strips were set at 2 g. After 45 minutes
of equilibration, cumulative concentration-response
(CR) relationships to graded concentrations of NKA
were determined. In the treatment groups, tissues
were incubated (30 minutes) with antagonists (MEN
10376, SR 48968, and SR 144190) at 3 concentrations
(10–9, 10–7, and 10–5M) before CR relationships were
determined. Effectiveness of SR 48968 against NKA
was also tested in vivo.

Results—Lung strips failed to contract, but all others
responded in a concentration-dependent manner.
Bronchial spirals were most sensitive. SR 48968 had
the highest pA2 value and effectively blocked NKA.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The bronchial
region where airflow resistance is high was the most
sensitive to NKA, suggesting the importance of NKA
in bronchoconstriction. Nonpeptide antagonists (SR
48968 and SR 144190) were more potent than the
peptide antagonist (MEN 10376), indicating their
greater therapeutic potential as antiasthmatic agents.
( Am J Vet Res 2004;65:984–991)
Pharmacokinetics of amoxicillin after oral administration in recently weaned piglets with experimentally induced Escherichia coli subtype O149:F4 diarrhea
Authors: Jensen Gerda M. , Lykkesfeldt Jens , Frydendahl Kai , Møller Kristian , Svendsen Ove 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To measure the effect of Escherichia coli
subtype O149:F4-induced diarrhea on the pharmacokinetics
of orally administered amoxicillin in affected
piglets relative to that of uninfected piglets.

Animals—22 healthy 4-week-old recently weaned
Danish crossbred piglets.

Procedure—12 piglets were orally inoculated through
gastric intubation with 109 CFUs of an E coli O149:F4
strain and responded by developing diarrhea 12 to 16
hours later. Piglets were dosed with amoxicillin trihydrate
solution (20 mg/kg) by gastric intubation. A control
group of 10 age-matched piglets without signs of
diarrhea was dosed similarly. Blood samples were
obtained before amoxicillin administration and at 0.5,
1, 1.5, 2, 3, 6, 12, and 24 hours after amoxicillin administration.
The plasma concentration of amoxicillin was
analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography.

Results—A significant 39% decrease in the area
under the plasma concentration versus time curve of
amoxicillin was observed in piglets with diarrhea relative
to that of control piglets. The maximum plasma
concentration (Cmax) was significantly (52%) lower in
piglets with diarrhea, compared with control piglets,
while the elimination rate constant, time to reach
Cmax, and elimination half-life were unchanged.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Escherichia
coli-induced diarrhea may decrease systemic bioavailability
of amoxicillin. Escherichia coli bacteria attach to
the intestinal epithelial cells. Because it is assumed
that the concentration of the antimicrobial at the site
of infection reflects the systemic concentration, higher
doses of amoxicillin in the treatment of piglets with
E coli O149:F4-induced diarrhea may be appropriate.
( Am J Vet Res 2004;65:992–995)
Influence of normovolemic anemia on Doppler characteristics of the abdominal aorta and splanchnic vessels in Beagles
Authors: Koma Lee M. , Spotswood Tim C. , Kirberger Robert M. , Becker Piet J. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To ultrasonographically evaluate hemodynamics
in the abdominal aorta (AAo) and splanchnic
vessels in dogs with experimentally induced normovolemic
anemia.

Animals—11 healthy Beagles.

Procedure—The AAo, cranial mesenteric artery
(CMA), celiac artery (CA), hilar splenic artery (HSA),
and main portal vein (MPV) were evaluated in conscious
dogs immediately before and after experimental
induction of severe normovolemic anemia (Hct,
16%) and during recovery from moderate and mild
anemia (Hct, 26% and 34%, respectively). Peak systolic
velocity (PSV) or peak velocity (PV), time-averaged
mean velocity (TAVmean), pulsatility index (PI),
resistive index (RI), blood flow, congestion index (CI),
and heart rate (HR) were recorded. Results were
compared for anemic and control states.

Results—Severe anemia caused significant increases
in HR (25% to 70%), PSV (AAo, 45.8%; CMA, 56.1%;
and CA, 41.9%), PV (MPV, 84.2%), and TAVmean (AAo,
69.4%, CMA, 64.3%; CA, 29.7%; and MPV, 76.9%) and
significant decreases in PI (AAo, 26.1%; HSA, 19.3%)
and CI (MPV, 45.2%). There was no significant change
in PI of the CMA or CA, portal blood flow, or RI of any
artery. Significantly higher TAVmean persisted in all vessels
during moderate anemia, but higher PSV persisted
only in the CMA; PI (CMA and CA) and RI (CA)
decreased significantly, but portal blood flow increased
significantly. Significant increase in TAVmean (AAo and
CMA) persisted during mild anemia, and PI (AAo, CMA,
and HSA) but RI (CMA) were significantly lower.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Doppler ultrasonography
revealed hyperdynamic circulation in the
AAo and splanchnic vessels in dogs with experimentally
induced normovolemic anemia. (Am J Vet Res 2005;66:187–195)
Culture of feline corneal epithelial cells and infection with feline herpesvirus-1 as an investigative tool
Authors: Sandmeyer Lynne S. , Keller Charlotte B. , Bienzle Dorothee 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To isolate and characterize pure cultures
of feline corneal epithelial cells and to assess the
extent and nature of feline herpesvirus (FHV)-1 infection
in these cells.

Sample Population—Healthy eyes from 23 recently
euthanatized cats.

Procedure—Stroma and epithelium of the rostral
portion of the cornea were surgically isolated, and
epithelial cells were detached from the stroma by
enzymatic incubation. Epithelial cells were cultured in
hormone-supplemented media. Cells were passaged,
and cytokeratin expression was assessed. Cells were
then infected with FHV-1, and cytopathic effects were
determined.

Results—Cell cultures were readily established from
samples obtained from each eye and could be maintained
through 6 passages. Cultured cells expressed
cytokeratins 3 and 12 but not other cytokeratins.
Infection with FHV-1 was rapid and caused widespread
cytopathic effects.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Feline corneal
cells cultured in vitro during multiple passages maintain
consistent morphologic characteristics and intermediate
filament expression. They are susceptible to
infection with FHV-1 and may provide a useful in vitro
model for investigation of ocular drugs. (Am J Vet Res 2005;66:205–209)
Effects of cidofovir on cell death and replication of feline herpesvirus-1 in cultured feline corneal epithelial cells
Authors: Sandmeyer Lynne S. , Keller Charlotte B. , Bienzle Dorothee 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective— To assess the effect of cidofovir on viability
of feline corneal epithelial (FCE) cells, replication
of feline herpesvirus (FHV)-1, and virus-induced cytopathic
changes.

Sample Population—Healthy eyes from 14 recently
euthanatized cats.

Procedure—Cidofovir at concentrations ranging from
0.05 to 0.000005 mg/mL was added to primary cultures
of FCE cells, and cytopathic changes and effects
on cell proliferation and cell viability were determined
during the subsequent 48 hours. Efficacy of cidofovir
(0.02 and 0.05 mg/mL) to prevent in vitro infection of
FCE cells with FHV-1 was determined during 72 hours
of culture by assessing viral cytopathic effects and
viral titers.

Results—Cidofovir at concentrations of 0.05, 0.005,
and 0.0005 mg/mL significantly reduced mean viable
cell counts, and cidofovir at a concentration of 0.05
mg/mL significantly reduced the percentage viability
of cultured FCE cells. Minimal cytopathic changes
were observed at concentrations of 0.02 and 0.05 mg
of cidofovir/mL. Cidofovir at concentrations of 0.05
and 0.02 mg/mL abrogated the cytopathic effects
attributable to FHV-1 infection and reduced viral titers
from ≥ 1014 TCID50/mL to ≤ 103.5 TCID50/mL.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Cidofovir in
vitro was highly efficacious against FHV-1 infection of a
primary culture of FCE cells but had cytostatic effects
on cultured cells. (Am J Vet Res 2005;66:217–222)
Plication of the free wall of the left ventricle in dogs with doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy
Authors: Andrade James N. B. M. de , Camacho Aparecido A. , Santos Paulo S. P. , Fantinatti Alexandra P. , Nunes Newton , Stopiglia Angelo J. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To evaluate plication of the free wall of
the left ventricle, which reduces the left ventricular
area and volume, as a method to improve the left ventricular
systolic function without cardiopulmonary
bypass.

Animals—8 mixed-breed adult dogs.

Procedure—Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) was
induced in each dog by administration of doxorubicin
(30 mg/m2, IV, q 21 d for 168 days). Two dogs died during
induction of cardiomyopathy. Plication surgery
was performed in 4 dogs. Two dogs did not ondergo
to surgery (control group). Values for cardiac output
(CO), 2-dimensional and M-mode echocardiography,
arterial blood pressure, electrocardiography, blood cell
counts, and serum biochemical analyses were recorded
after induction of DCM (baseline) and 1, 2, 7, 15,
21, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 days after plication
surgery. Ambulatory ECG (Holter) recordings were
conducted for 24 hours on the day of surgery.

Results—1 dog died after plication surgery. The
remaining dogs undergoing ventricular plication had a
significant improvement in CO, ejection fraction, and
fractional shortening and reductions of left ventricular
area and volume after surgery. Electrocardiographic
and Holter recordings revealed premature ventricular
complexes, which resolved without treatment during
the first week after surgery. Clinical condition of the
control dogs declined, and these 2 dogs died approximately
40 days after induction of cardiomyopathy.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Plication of
the free wall of the left ventricle improved left ventricular
systolic function in dogs with doxorubicininduced
cardiomyopathy. Additional studies are needed
to evaluate its application in dogs with naturally
developing DCM. (Am J Vet Res 2005;66:238–243)
Morphologic and physiologic changes induced by Clostridium perfringens type A α toxin in the intestine of sheep
Authors: Fernández Miyakawa Mariano E. , Uzal Francisco A. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To evaluate the morphologic and physiologic
changes induced by Clostridium perfringens
type A α toxin in the ileum and colon of sheep.

Sample Population—16 ligated intestinal loops in 4
Merino lambs and 18 explants of ileum and colon
from slaughtered lambs.

Procedure—α Toxin–induced fluid accumulation was
evaluated in ligated ileal and colonic loops of sheep.
Tissues were evaluated morphologically by use of
gross and histologic examination. Effects of toxin on
in vitro intestinal net water transport were tested in
modified Ussing chambers.

Results—Ovine ileal and colonic loops incubated with
C perfringens type A α toxin retained more fluid than
control loops. Histologically, in the ileum of lambs
inoculated with 300 LD50 of α toxin/mL, there was a
mild to moderate multifocal infiltration of neutrophils
in the lamina propria and submucosa. The colonic
loops of lambs inoculated with 30 or 300 LD50 of α
toxin/mL had excessive mucus in the lumen, a moderate
amount of neutrophils mixed with mucus in the
intestinal lumen, and moderate multifocal infiltration
of the lamina propria and submucosa with neutrophils;
the blood vessels of these layers were
engorged with neutrophils. In vitro measurements of
water transport also revealed inhibition of net epithelial
water absorption in ileum and colon incubated
with α toxin on the mucosal side.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—These results
indicate that α toxin induces alterations in sheep
intestine. Clostridium perfringens type A organisms
that produce α toxin could be responsible for diseases
of intestinal origin in some ruminants. (Am J Vet Res 2005;66:251–255)
Effects of sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim on thyroid function in dogs
Authors: Frank Linda A. , Hnilica Keith A. , May Elizabeth R. , Sargent Sandra J. , Davis Jacqueline A. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To evaluate effects of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (T/SMX) on thyroid function in dogs.Animals—6 healthy euthyroid dogs.Procedure—Dogs were administered T/SMX (14.1 to 16 mg/kg, PO, q 12 h) for 3 weeks. Blood was collected weekly for 6 weeks for determination of total thyroxine (TT4), free thyroxine (fT4), and canine thyroid- stimulating hormone (cTSH) concentrations. Schirmer tear tests were performed weekly. Blood was collected for CBC prior to antimicrobial treatment and at 3 and 6 weeks.Results—5 dogs had serum TT4concentrations equal to or less than the lower reference limit, and 4 dogs had serum fT4less than the lower reference limit after 3 weeks of T/SMX administration; cTSH concentrations were greater than the upper reference limit in 4 dogs. All dogs had TT4and fT4concentrations greater than the lower reference limit after T/SMX administration was discontinued for 1 week, and cTSH concentrations were less than reference range after T/SMX administration was discontinued for 2 weeks. Two dogs developed decreased tear production, which returned to normal after discontinuing administration.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that administration of T/SMX at a dosage of 14.1 to 16 mg/kg, PO, every 12 hours for 3 weeks caused decreased TT4and fT4concentrations and increased cTSH concentration, conditions that would be compatible with a diagnosis of hypothyroidism. Therefore, dogs should not have thyroid function evaluated while receiving this dosage of T/SMX for > 2 weeks. These results are in contrast to those of a previous study of trimethoprim- sulfadiazine. (Am J Vet Res2005;66:256–259)
Evaluation of glucose metabolism in three horses with lower motor neuron degeneration
Authors: van der Kolk Johannes H. , Rijnen Kim E. P. M. , Rey Françoise , Graaf-Roelfsema Ellen de , Grinwis Guy C. M. , Wijnberg Inge D. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjectives—To determine whether increased glucose metabolism is the potential cause of the decreased plasma glucose curve determined after oral glucose tolerance testing in horses with lower motor neuron degeneration.Animals—3 horses with signs suggestive of lower motor neuron degeneration, 1 horse with malignant melanoma with multiple metastases, and an obese but otherwise healthy horse.Procedures—Glucose metabolism was assessed by use of the hyperglycemic clamp and euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp techniques.Results—Mean rate of glucose metabolism of horses with lower motor neuron degeneration was significantly greater (mean, 3.7 times greater than control horses; range, 2.1 to 4.8 times greater) than that reported in 5 healthy control horses (41 ± 13 µmol/kg/min vs 11 ± 4.5 µmol/kg/min, respectively). In addition, one of the affected horses, an 8-year-old warmblood gelding, had a 5.6- times increased sensitivity to exogenously administered insulin, compared with that reported in 5 healthy control horses. Pancreatic insulin secretion was not insufficient in horses with lower motor neuron degeneration. Findings in the 2 diseased control horses were unremarkable.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Increased glucose metabolism in horses with lower motor neuron degeneration may be the cause of the decreased plasma glucose curve detected after oral glucose tolerance testing. This finding could aid in developing supportive treatments with respect to adequate glucose and vitamin E supplementation. (Am J Vet Res2005;66:271–276)
Evaluation of flow cytometric and automated methods for detection of activated platelets in dogs with inflammatory disease
Authors: Moritz Andreas , Walcheck Bruce K. , Weiss Douglas J. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To evaluate platelet surface-associated P-selectin, mean platelet component concentration (MPC), mean platelet component distribution width (MPCDW), mean platelet volume (MPV), and platelet distribution width (PDW) for detection of activated platelets in dogs with septic and nonseptic inflammatory disease.Animals—20 healthy dogs and 20 dogs with septic and nonseptic inflammatory disease.Procedures—Platelet surface-associated P-selectin (expressed as the median fluorescence intensity [MFI] of the platelet population), MPC, MPCDW, MPV, and PDW were determined in 20 healthy adult dogs, and reference ranges were calculated. These parameters were also determined in 11 dogs with nonseptic and 9 dogs with septic inflammatory disease and evaluated to determine which parameters were useful for detection of activated platelets.Results—12 dogs with inflammatory disease had Pselectin greater than the upper limit of the reference range, whereas 16 dogs with inflammatory disease had MPC lower than the lower limit of the reference range. All dogs in which P-selectin was greater than the upper limit of the reference range had MPC lower than the lower limit of the reference range. The correlation coefficient for P-selectin and MPC was 0.62. Differences in the MPCDW, MPV, and PDW in most dogs with inflammatory disease (compared with healthy dogs) were found; however, the correlation coefficients for P-selectin and MPCDW, MPV, and PDW were low.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Platelet surface- associated P-selectin and MPC appeared to be useful to detect activated platelets in most dogs with septic and nonseptic inflammatory disease. (Am J Vet Res2005;66:325–329)
Prevalence of serum thyroid hormone autoantibodies in dogs with clinical signs of hypothyroidism
Authors: Nachreiner Raymond F. , Refsal Kent R. , Graham Peter A. , Bowman Mark M. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine prevalence of thyroid hormone autoantibodies (THAA) in serum of dogs with clinical signs of hypothyroidism.Design—Cohort study.Sample Population—287,948 serum samples from dogs with clinical signs consistent with hypothyroidism.Procedure—Serum THAA were detected by use of a radiometric assay. Correlation andX2analyses were used to determine whether prevalence varied with breed, age, sex, or body weight. Only breeds for which ≥ 50 samples had been submitted were used for analysis of breed prevalence.Results—Thyroid hormone autoantibodies were detected in 18,135 (6.3%) samples. The 10 breeds with the highest prevalence of THAA were the Pointer, English Setter, English Pointer, Skye Terrier, German Wirehaired Pointer, Old English Sheepdog, Boxer, Maltese, Kuvasz, and Petit Basset Griffon Vendeen. Prevalence was significantly correlated with body weight and was highest in dogs between 2 and 4 years old. Females were significantly more likely to have THAA than were males.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Thyroid hormone autoantibodies may falsely increase measured triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) concentrations in dogs; results suggest that T3concentration may be falsely increased in approximately 57 of 1,000 dogs with hypothyroidism and that T4concentration may be falsely increased in approximately 17 of 1,000 dogs with hypothyroidism. Results also suggested that dogs of certain breeds were significantly more or less likely to have THAA than were dogs in general. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2002;220:466–471)
Isolation of Staphylococcus schleiferi from dogs with pyoderma
Authors: Frank Linda A. , Kania Stephen A. , Hnilica Keith A. , Wilkes Rebecca P. , Bemis David A. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine frequency with whichStaphylococcus schleifericould be isolated from dogs with pyoderma and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of isolates that were obtained.Design—Prospective study.Animals—54 dogs with a first (n = 14) or recurrent (40) episode of pyoderma.Procedure—Specimens were obtained and submitted for bacterial culture. Isolates were identified asS schleiferion the basis of growth and biochemical characteristics. Two isolates were submitted for DNA sequencing to confirm identification. Methicillin susceptibility was determined by means of disk diffusion with oxacillin-impregnated disks.Results—3 of 14 dogs examined because of a first episode of pyoderma and 12 of 40 dogs examined because of a recurrent episode of pyoderma were receiving antimicrobials at the time of specimen collection.Staphylococcus schleiferiwas not isolated from any dog with first-time pyoderma but was isolated from 5 dogs with recurrent pyoderma that were not receiving antimicrobials at the time of specimen collection and 10 dogs with recurrent pyoderma that were receiving antimicrobials. Nine isolates were identified asS schleiferisubspschleiferi, and 6 were identified asS schleiferisubspcoagulans. AllS schleiferisubspschleiferiisolates were resistant to methicillin, but only 2S schleiferisubspcoagulansisolates were. Two methicillin-resistant isolates were also resistant to fluoroquinolones, and 1 isolate had intermediate susceptibility to fluoroquinolones.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest thatS schleiferisubspschleiferiandS schleiferisubspcoagulansmay be isolated from dogs with recurrent pyoderma. Although isolates from dogs with pyoderma were frequently resistant to methicillin, multiple drug resistance was uncommon. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2003;222:451–454)