bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamic marine spatial planning for conservation and fisheries benefits
Authors: Vigo Maria , Hermoso Virgilio , Navarro Joan , Sala‐Coromina Joan , Company Joan B. , Giakoumi Sylvaine 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe increasing global demand for marine resources raises concerns about sustainable resource management and biodiversity conservation. Spatial closures, such as marine protected areas, can be valuable tools for maintaining and restoring exploited populations. When these spatial closures adopt a dynamic nature being adapted to the changing environment, they can effectively account for factors such as shifting species distributions, which enhances their potential to achieve ecological and socio‐economic objectives. Here, we adapted a decision‐support tool (the software Marxan), typically used for selecting static and permanent areas, to produce management recommendations that integrate permanent and temporal closures to fisheries. Our aim was to compare the outputs of a static network of permanent no‐take reserves with four other dynamic scenarios, including permanent and temporal closures that account for seasonal variations in the populations of species. All scenarios prioritized sites for the conservation of one of the most valuable European fishing stocks, the Norway lobster (Nephrops norvegicus). Additionally, we considered 12 other commercially exploited species captured by the Norway lobster fishery. The assessed outputs included retained biomass, area extent, closure type (permanent and seasonal) and opportunity costs within each scenario. We observed that all dynamic scenarios required fewer management areas permanently closed than the static scenario. This resulted in a lower opportunity cost for fisheries but also a higher capacity for biodiversity conservation. Therefore, complementing permanent with temporal closures could enhance biodiversity conservation and fisheries management. The novel dynamic planning method presented here could be applicable to other species, ecosystems and socio‐economic contexts.
Carbon fluxes of China's coastal wetlands and impacts of reclamation and restoration
Authors: Lu Weizhi , Xiao Jingfeng , Gao Haiqiang , Jia Qingyu , Li Zhengjie , Liang Jie , Xing Qinghui , Mao Dehua , Li Hong , Chu Xiaojing , Chen Hui , Guo Haiqiang , Han Guangxuan , Zhao Bin , Chen Luzhen , Lai Derrick Y. F. , Liu Shuguang , Lin Guanghui 
Published: April 2024

AbstractCoastal wetlands play an important role in regulating atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations and contribute significantly to climate change mitigation. However, climate change, reclamation, and restoration have been causing substantial changes in coastal wetland areas and carbon exchange in China during recent decades. Here we compiled a carbon flux database consisting of 15 coastal wetland sites to assess the magnitude, patterns, and drivers of carbon fluxes and to compare fluxes among contrasting natural, disturbed, and restored wetlands. The natural coastal wetlands have the average net ecosystem exchange of CO2 (NEE) of −577 g C m−2 year−1, with −821 g C m−2 year−1 for mangrove forests and −430 g C m−2 year−1 for salt marshes. There are pronounced latitudinal patterns for carbon dioxide exchange of natural coastal wetlands: NEE increased whereas gross primary production (GPP) and respiration of ecosystem decreased with increasing latitude. Distinct environmental factors drive annual variations of GPP between mangroves and salt marshes; temperature was the dominant controlling factor in salt marshes, while temperature, precipitation, and solar radiation were co‐dominant in mangroves. Meanwhile, both anthropogenic reclamation and restoration had substantial effects on coastal wetland carbon fluxes, and the effect of the anthropogenic perturbation in mangroves was more extensive than that in salt marshes. Furthermore, from 1980 to 2020, anthropogenic reclamation of China's coastal wetlands caused a carbon loss of ~3720 Gg C, while the mangrove restoration project during the period of 2021–2025 may switch restored coastal wetlands from a carbon source to carbon sink with a net carbon gain of 73 Gg C. The comparison of carbon fluxes among these coastal wetlands can improve our understanding of how anthropogenic perturbation can affect the potentials of coastal blue carbon in China, which has implications for informing conservation and restoration strategies and efforts of coastal wetlands.
Noble Gas Analyses to Distinguish Between Surface and Subsurface Brine Releases at a Legacy Oil Site
Authors: Segal Daniel C. , Visser Ate , Bridge Cas 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAttributing the sources of legacy contamination, including brines, is important to determine remediation options and to allocate responsibility. To make sound remediation decisions, it is necessary to distinguish subsurface sources, such as leaking oil and gas (“O&G”) wells or natural upward fluid migrations, from surface releases. While chemical signatures of surface and subsurface releases may be similar, they are expected to imprint specific dissolved noble gas signatures, caused by the accumulation of terrigenic noble gases in subsurface leaks or re‐equilibration of noble gases following surface releases. We demonstrate that only a historic surface release influenced the dissolved noble gas signature of groundwater in monitoring wells contaminated with brine near an abandoned O&G well, rather than subsurface leakage from the well. Elevated brine concentrations were associated with lower terrigenic helium concentrations, indicating re‐equilibration with atmospheric helium at the surface during the release. Geophysical surveying indicating elevated salinity in surficial soils upgradient of the wells further supported the interpretation of the noble gas data. Eliminating the possibility that subsurface leakage was the source of the plume was critical to selecting the proper remedial action at the site, which otherwise may have included an unnecessary and costly well re‐abandonment. This study demonstrates the use of noble gas analysis to compare potential sources of brine contamination in groundwater and to exclude subsurface leakage as a potential source in an oilfield.
‘It's Powerful’ The impact of involving children and young people in developing paediatric research agendas: A qualitative interview study
Authors: Postma Laura , Luchtenberg Malou L. , Verhagen A. A. Eduard , Maeckelberghe Els L. M. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIntroductionThere is a growing consensus that children and young people (CYP) should be involved in matters that concern them. Progress is made in involving CYP in developing pediatric research agendas (PRAs), although the impact of their involvement remains unknown. We aimed to evaluate the impact of involving CYP in developing PRAs and assess the extent to which postpatient and public involvement (post‐PPI) activities were planned.MethodsWe conducted a qualitative study using in‐depth interviews to identify and gain an in‐depth understanding of the impact of involving CYP in developing PRAs. The transcripts were uploaded to Atlas.ti to be coded and organised. Dutch‐language interviews were analysed and interpreted together with vocational education and training (VET) students. These students were aged between 14 and 18 years and were training to become nurses.ResultsThree CYP and 15 researchers decided to participate. We focused on three categories of impact: agenda‐setting impact, individual impact and academic impact. Involving CYP creates a more enriched and clarified agenda. It ensured that both CYP and researchers underwent personal or professional growth and development, it created a connection between the people involved, awareness about the importance of involving CYP and it ensured that the people involved had a positive experience. The participants were unable to indicate the academic impact of their PRAs, but they did understand the key factors for creating it. In addition, the need to measure impact was highlighted, with a particular focus on assessing individual impact.DiscussionOur study outlines the diverse subthemes of impact that arise from involving CYP in developing PRAs. Despite the potential of research agendas to amplify CYP voices, only a minority of researchers strategized post‐PPI activities ensuring impactful outcomes, prompting the need for thorough evaluation of various impact forms and consistent alignment with the overarching goal of transforming the research field.Patient or Public ContributionWe involved VET students in the data analysis and interpretation phase by forming a young person advisory group. The data analysis of the interviews analysed by the VET students revealed four distinct themes: 1. Learnt new knowledge. 2. Learnt to collaborate. 3. Learnt to listen. 4. Assessment of the individual impact.
Community health worker outreach to farmworkers in rural North Carolina: Learning from adaptations to the SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic
Authors: LePrevost Catherine E. , Cofie Leslie E. , Nieuwsma Julianna , Harwell Emery L. , Rivera Natalie D. , Acevedo Paula A. , Lee Joseph G. L. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundCommunity health workers represent a critical part of the health outreach and services for migrant and seasonal farmworkers (‘farmworkers’) in rural areas of the United States.PurposeWe sought to identify adaptations to farmworker patient engagement and health outreach made by community health workers during the first 18 months of the COVID‐19 pandemic.MethodsIn this qualitative study, we used semi‐structured interviews with community health workers from August 2020 to February 2022 (n = 21). Two coders used thematic analysis to identify three themes related to the experiences of community health workers in conducting health education and outreach to farmworkers prior to and following the onset of the pandemic.FindingsWe found themes related to pre‐pandemic outreach efforts to provide health education resource sharing with farmworkers and pandemic‐related outreach efforts that included adoption of porch drops and distanced delivery of health education, adaptation of modes of health education and communication through technology and the internet, and taking on new roles related to COVID‐19. Finally, we identified changes that reverted after the pandemic or will continue as adaptations.ConclusionsCommunity health workers created practice‐based innovations in outreach in response to the COVID‐19 pandemic. These innovations included new COVID‐19 related roles and new modes of health education and outreach, including the use of digital resources. The changes developed for emergency use in COVID‐19, particularly related to internet and technology, have likely altered how community health workers conduct outreach in North Carolina going forward. Funders, community health worker training programs, and researchers should take note of these innovations.Patient or Public ContributionCommunity health workers who typically come from patient populations and provide critical navigation and connection with the health care system advised on the design and creation of this research project, including serving on an advisory board. Two authors have experience working as community health workers.
E‐learning successes with English language teachers in under‐resourced non‐WEIRD contexts
Authors: Golzar Jawad , Yacoub Omar , McKinley Jim 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWhile e‐learning has gained prominence globally over the past several years, little is known about the successes English language teachers (ELTs) experience in e‐learning environments in non‐WEIRD (western, educated, industrialized, rich, democratic) contexts where teacher support is limited or unavailable. This two‐stage, primarily qualitative multi‐method study specifically aimed to examine the extent to which ELTs found success through e‐learning in Afghanistan and Egypt. Survey (N = 82) and interview (N = 15) data showed that the teachers reported daunting challenges, including institutional malfunctioning, ineffective policies, absence of facilities and technical knowledge, large heterogeneous classes, students' low emotional investment, negative perceptions, and absence of rigorous and systematic assessment. The teachers also narrated their effective coping strategies to resolve the existing tensions, described how they incorporated the success elements, and how they improved student engagement and learning outcomes. The study provides surprising insights about how the move to emergency online teaching in under‐resourced non‐WEIRD contexts has changed and can inform teaching delivery. We conclude with implications for teachers to develop more effective e‐learning environments in such contexts.
Janus kinase inhibitors and the changing landscape of vitiligo management: a scoping review
Authors: Utama Amelia , Wijesinghe Ruki , Thng Steven 
Published: April 2024

AbstractVitiligo is a chronic skin condition caused by an autoimmune response that results in the progressive loss of melanocytes and recent studies have suggested that Janus kinase inhibitors (JAKi) are emerging as a promising new treatment modality. Therefore, to assess and understand the extent of knowledge in the emerging field of JAKi use in vitiligo, a scoping review of the literature was undertaken. The reviewed articles explored a wide variety of JAKi administered either orally or topically for vitiligo. There were no injectable JAKi studied. Tofacitinib was the most commonly studied oral JAKi in 16 of the 35 studies selected for review, followed by baricitinib (n = 3), and one study each with ritlecitinib, ruxolitinib, and upadacitinib. Ruxolitinib (n = 6) and tofacitinib (n = 6) were the most often studied topical JAKi, followed by delgocitinib (n = 1). Potential benefits may vary between JAKi based on their receptor selectivity profile and coexistent autoimmune diseases. A topical JAKi would be advantageous in limited body area involvement and in adolescents. Concurrent use of JAKi with phototherapy or sun exposure appears beneficial. Most studies permitted the use of other topical agents. Acne‐related events, though frequent yet mild, were reported with both oral and topical JAKi. Nasopharyngitis, upper respiratory tract infections, and headaches were the most common adverse effects seen in the larger trials with JAKi. No serious or clinically meaningful hematology or thromboembolic events were detected. Treatment of vitiligo with oral or topical JAKi seems to be promising and the growing evidence shows a favorable risk‐benefit profile.
Effect of roasting on the oil content, bioactive components, fatty acid composition and mineral content of purslane seeds
Authors: AlJuhaimi Fahad , Mohamed Ahmed Isam A. , Özcan Mehmet Musa , Uslu Nurhan , Karrar Emad 
Published: April 2024

SummaryIn this study, the effect of microwave on oil contents, bioactive components, antioxidant activity, polyphenols, tocopherols, fatty acid compositions and nutrients of purslane seeds was investigated. The moisture amount of the purslane seeds decreased significantly, while the oil and bioactive properties of the seeds increased compared to the control. Raw (control) and purslane seeds roasted in microwave contained 24.72 and 26.27 mg/100 g gallic acid, 34.12 and 38.30 mg/100 g 3,4‐dihydroxybenzoic acid, 111.57 and 118.55 mg/100 g catechin, 8.70 and 3.46 caffeic acid, 5.95 and 5.09 mg/100 g syringic acid, 18.73 and 8.34 mg/100 g rutin and 3.07 and 2.26 mg/100 g quercetin, respectively. Stearic, linoleic, arachidic, linolenic, behenic and erucic acid results of the oils of raw and purslane seeds roasted in microwave were partially increased compared to raw seed oil. The applied heat treatment had a positive effect on the tocopherol results of the purslane seed oils, and the tocopherol contents of the oils obtained from the roasted seeds increased compared to the control. In general, the protein and mineral values of heat‐treated purslane seeds increased (except Ca, Fe and Mn).
Metabolite perturbations in fermented legumes as elucidated using metabolomics: a review
Authors: Akanni Gabriel Bidemi , Adebo Oluwafemi Ayodeji 
Published: April 2024

SummaryLegumes are vital food sources in global diets, especially in developing nations, offering affordability, nutrition, and sustainability. Legumes are rich bioactive compounds as well as in macro‐ and micro‐nutrients and help combat protein‐energy malnutrition. Fermentation is a food processing technique that enhances nutritional content, digestibility and overall composition, rendering fermented legumes like dawadawa, natto, tempeh, and kinema dietary sources worldwide. This simple process leads to significant perturbations in the numerous metabolites contained in legumes and subsequent fermented products. Such metabolites including bioactive constituents, vitamins, minerals, volatile compounds, lipids, amino acids, among others contribute to the flavour, aroma, nutritional value and health beneficial properties of fermented legume products. Modifications in these complex constituents might be somewhat challenging to investigate and understand thus necessitating a robust technique such as metabolomics. Metabolomics as an analytical approach can elucidate how fermentation alters the composition of fermented legumes revealing compositional changes, nutritional enhancements, and impacts of fermentation conditions and microbial metabolism. This review emphasises fermented legumes' dietary importance, the transformative role of fermentation, and the effectiveness of metabolomics in unravelling complex biochemical changes during legume fermentation, providing insights into nutritional, sensory and safety aspects of fermented legumes.
The effect of hydrosol types on phytochemical properties, phenolic compounds, fatty acid profiles and sensory properties of ‘Ayvalık’ olive fruits fermented in few spice hydrosols
Authors: Ahmed Isam A. Mohamed , Al‐Juhaimi Fahad Yahya , Özcan Mehmet Musa , Uslu Nurhan , Karrar Emad 
Published: April 2024

SummaryIn this study, the changes in oil content, bioactive components, radical scavenging activity, phenolic profiles, fatty acid components and sensory characteristics of ‘Ayvalık’ olive fruits fermented in brine thyme, sage and rosemary hydrosols were investigated. Total carotenoid and total phenolic results of olives were recorded between 0.02 (thyme hydrosol) and 0.24 μg g−1 (control (only brine 10%)) to 213.92 (rosemary hydrosol) and 432.54 mg GAE per 100 g (fresh ‘Ayvalık’ olive), respectively. Total flavonoids of olive fruits fermented in different hydrosols were reported between 755.87 mg per 100 g (rosemary hydrosol) and 1404.76 mg per 100 g (fresh ‘Ayvalık’ olive). Radical scavenging capacity of fermented ‘Ayvalık’ olive fruits was reported between 10.20 (control) and 10.55 mmol kg−1 (rosemary hydrosol). Verbascoside results of fresh and fermented ‘Ayvalık’ olive fruits in brine and hydrosols were identified between 107.00 mg per 100 g (sage hydrosol) and 167.20 mg per 100 g (fresh ‘Ayvalık’ olive). Oleic and linoleic acid values of olive oils changed to be between 67.07% (rosemary hydrosol) and 68.71% (control) to 10.89% (control) and 11.86% (rosemary hydrosol), respectively. Overall, ‘Ayvalık’ olive fruit fermented in brine was most appreciated by the panellists, followed in descending order by olives fermented in thyme, sage, and rosemary hydrosols.
Food type, human physiology, and psychology factors affect food intake, perceived satiation, and satiety differently – an exploratory study
Authors: Ni Dongdong , Smyth Heather E. , Mayr Hannah , Gunness Purnima , Cozzolino Daniel , Gidley Michael J. 
Published: April 2024

SummaryNumerous investigations have studied relationships between satiation, satiety, or food intake and single factors like food composition and resting metabolic rate. However, a comprehensive framework connecting food, physiological, and psychological factors together has not previously been reported. As an exploratory study with a trained panel consisting of nine participants, the contributions of twenty‐eight variables (seven food, seven psychological, and fourteen physiological factors) to satiation, satiety, and food intake of a mid‐morning snack were investigated. Both human factors and foods had contributions to perceived satiation and satiety, but with large differences in loadings, especially for metabolic factors. Food factors, including nutrient and energy contents, were major determinants of food intake, with only small contributions from human factors. Investigating diverse factors together provides a comprehensive approach linking appetite to both food and human factors. This study suggests the potential to guide manipulation of satiation, satiety, and food intake depending on individual psychological and physiological profiles.
Effects of different spices on the bioactive compounds, antioxidant activity, and sensory qualities of kale crisps
Authors: Draszanowska Anna , Starowicz Małgorzata , Czarnowska‐Kujawska Marta , Olszewska Magdalena Anna 
Published: April 2024

SummaryThe study investigated the effect of different spices–cardamom, chilli, ginger, and turmeric on the bioactive compounds, antioxidant activity, colour, and sensory attributes of kale crisps. Specifically, the antioxidant capacity was ranked as follows: kale crisps with turmeric > chilli ≈ ginger > cardamom ≈ control crisps. The analysis using HPLC‐MS/MS focused on 15 specific compounds. Kale crisps contained predominantly chlorogenic and isochlorogenic acids, with turmeric crisps having the highest levels. Turmeric kale crisps exhibited the best sensory properties for overall appearance and crispness. The study found that kale crisps have a high folate content, with ginger crisps containing the highest amounts. Cardamom kale crisps preserved high folate content but had a strong aroma and bitter flavour. The study found lightness (L*) positively correlated with aroma desirability, while redness (a*) negatively correlated with flavour desirability. The chilli kale crisps had a strong flavour and lost their green colour the most, resulting in a lower panel ranking despite high antioxidant potential. This study indicates that kale crisps, especially those with turmeric, may represent a valuable source of bioactive compounds and functional properties. Sensory evaluation indicated their high levels of acceptability.