bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New OSL dating of UK loess: indications of two phases of Late Glacial dust accretion in SE England and climate implications
Authors: Clarke Michèle L. , Milodowski Antoni E. , Bouch Jon E. , Leng Melanie J. , Northmore Kevin J. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractWindblown dust deposits or loess, locally known in the UK as brickearth, blanket many parts of southern England outside the limits of the British and Irish Ice Sheet. The best‐studied loess exposures occur in Kent, southeast England, where the deposits are believed to be Late Glacial in age. New sedimentological evidence is presented for phases of accretion with two distinct units, a calcareous brickearth exhibiting periglacial cryoturbation and a non‐calcareous, massive brickearth. Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating has been applied to chemically isolated modal quartz silts to derive a chronology for sediment accretion and to better understand the palaeoclimatic significance of these deposits. © British Geological Survey/Natural Environment Research Council copyright 2007. Reproduced with the permission of BGS/NERC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Formalising an inversion methodology for reconstructing ice‐sheet retreat patterns from meltwater channels: application to the British Ice Sheet
Authors: Greenwood Sarah L. , Clark Chris D. , Hughes Anna L. C. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractGlacial meltwater channels yield important information regarding patterns of palaeo‐ice‐sheet retreat. However, it is important to distinguish between channels formed at different positions in relation to the ice mass (e.g. lateral, subglacial). In Britain, whilst meltwater channels have been widely reported in the literature, such categorisation is often lacking. Here we develop an inversion methodology for extracting ice margin retreat patterns from meltwater channels. Diagnostic geomorphological criteria are presented, derived from published descriptions of meltwater channel form, by which a channel of unknown origin may be assigned to its appropriate category. These criteria are applied to channels recorded in the BRITICE GIS database of glacial landforms and we find most channels to be of lateral or subglacial origin. The categorisation of channels enables palaeomargin positions and the direction of retreat‐stage ice flow to be approximated, and a preliminary reconstruction is made of fragments of the ice‐sheet retreat pattern. Further mapping and integration of melt traces with other geomorphic data will permit a more complete palaeo‐glaciological reconstruction of the last British Ice Sheet. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dynamic reduction of a CH4/air chemical mechanism appropriate for investigating vortex–flame interactions
Authors: Tonse Shaheen R. , Day Marcus S. , Brown Nancy J. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThis paper describes two methods, piecewise reusable implementation of solution mapping (PRISM) and dynamic steady‐state approximation (DYSSA), in which chemistry is reduced dynamically to reduce the computational burden in combustion simulations. Each method utilizes the large range in species timescales to reduce the dimensionality to the number of species with slow timescales. The methods are applied within a framework that uses hypercubes to partition multidimensional chemical composition space, where each chemical species concentration, plus temperature, is represented by an axis in space. The dimensionality of the problem is reduced uniquely in each hypercube, but the dimensionality of chemical composition space is not reduced. The dimensionality reduction is dynamic and is different for different hypercubes, thereby escaping the restrictions of global methods in which reductions must be valid for all chemical mixtures. PRISM constructs polynomial equations in each hypercube, replacing the chemical kinetic ordinary differential equation (ODE) system with a set of quadratic polynomials with terms related to the number of species with slow timescales. Earlier versions of PRISM were applied to smaller chemical mechanisms and used all chemical species concentrations as terms. DYSSA is a dynamic treatment of the steady‐state approximation and uses the fast–slow timescale separation to determine the set of steady‐state species in each hypercube. A reduced number of chemical kinetic ODEs are integrated rather than the original full set. PRISM and DYSSA are evaluated for simulations of a pair of counterrotating vortices interacting with a premixed CH4/air laminar flame. DYSSA is sufficiently accurate for use in combustion simulations, and when relative errors are less than 1.0%, speedups on the order of 3 are observed. PRISM does not perform as well as DYSSA with respect to accuracy and efficiency. Although the polynomial evaluation that replaces the ODE solver is sufficiently fast, polynomials are not reused sufficiently to enable their construction cost to be recovered. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 39: 204–220, 2007
Direct ab initio dynamics calculations of the rate constants for the reaction of CHF2CF2OCH3 with Cl
Authors: Yang Lei , He Hong‐Qing , Ji Yue‐Meng , Liu Jing‐Yao , Li Ze‐Sheng 
Published: January 2007

AbstractA dual‐level direct dynamics method is employed to reveal the dynamical properties of the reaction of CHF2CF2OCH3 (HFE‐254pc) with Cl atoms. The optimized geometries and frequencies of the stationary points and the minimum energy path (MEP) are calculated at the B3LYP/6‐311G(d,p) level by using GAUSSIAN 98 program package, and energetic information is further refined by the G3(MP2) method. Two H‐abstraction channels have been identified. For the reactant CHF2CF2OCH3 and the two products, CHF2CF2OCH2 and CF2CF2OCH3, the standard enthalpies of formation are evaluated with the values of −256.71 ± 0.88, −207.79 ± 0.12, and −233.43 ± 0.88 kcal/mol, respectively, via group‐balanced isodesmic reactions. The rate constants of the two reaction channels are evaluated by means of canonical variational transition‐state theory (CVT) including the small‐curvature tunneling (SCT) correction over a wide range of temperature from 200 to 2000 K. The calculated rate constants agree well with the experimental data, and the Arrhenius expressions for the title reaction are fitted and can be expressed as k1 = 9.22 × 10−19 T2.06 exp(219/T), k2 = 4.45 × 10−14 T0.90 exp(−2220/T), and k = 4.71 × 10−22 T3.20) exp(543/T) cm3 molecule−1 s−1. Our results indicate that H‐abstraction from CH3 group is the main reaction pathway in the lower temperature range, while H‐abstraction from CHF2 group becomes more competitive in the higher temperature range. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 39: 221–230, 2007
Managing knowledge in times of organisational change and restructuring
Authors: Armistead Colin , Meakins Magda 
Published: January 2007

AbstractDuring times of organisational change and restructuring, processes and people are all affected to varying degrees. Within this context the ability to ‘manage’ knowledge is important, if the outcomes of business competitiveness are to be realised. This paper builds on previous research investigating the approaches of companies to knowledge and process management. Using the Royal Mail as a case study, managers' perceptions of knowledge management in times of change and restructuring were explored using a framework, which suggests ways of evaluating approaches to knowledge, depending on whether the context involves changes in people or processes. Finally the framework was evaluated with managers to establish its usefulness in informing approaches to managing knowledge in times of restructuring. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Metrics‐based process redesign with the MIT Process Handbook
Authors: Margherita Alessandro , Klein Mark , Elia Gianluca 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThis article describes how the business process re‐engineering (BPR) concepts, knowledge base and software tools developed as part of the MIT Process Handbook can be extended and improved through the use of a systematic taxonomization of business process metrics. After introducing the key concepts underlying the Handbook, we propose a taxonomy of cost, dimension and value‐related process metrics and show how the capture of such measures, combined with a set of special query types, enables more effective BPR. These innovations are illustrated using an example wherein the manager of a travel agency redesigns a booking process to reduce costs and increase customer satisfaction. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Low‐power laser stimulation of tissue engineered cartilage tissue formed on a porous calcium polyphosphate scaffold
Authors: Gan Lu , Tse Carmen , Pilliar Robert M. , Kandel Rita A. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveForming cartilage tissue in vitro that resembles native tissue is one of the challenges of cartilage tissue engineering. The aim of this study was to determine whether low‐power laser stimulation would improve the formation of cartilage tissue in vitro.Study Design/Materials and MethodsBovine articular chondrocytes were seeded on the top surface of porous calcium polyphosphate substrates. After 2 days, laser stimulation was applied daily at a wavelength of 650 nm using a laser diode with energy densities of either 1.75 or 3 J/cm2 for 4 weeks. Proteoglycan and collagen synthesis and matrix content were determined. Cartilage tissue morphology was evaluated histologically.ResultsHistologically, there was no difference in the appearance or cellularity of the tissues that formed in the presence or absence of laser stimulation at either dosage. There were no differences in DNA content between treated and untreated constructs and live‐dead assay confirmed that this treatment was not toxic to the cells. Laser stimulation at 3 J/cm2 enhanced matrix synthesis resulting in significantly more tissue formation than laser stimulation at 1.75 J/cm2 or untreated cultures.ConclusionShort exposures to low‐power laser stimulation using a laser diode with 3 J/cm2 dose improves cartilage tissue formation. Lasers Surg. Med. 39:286–293, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fluorinated Hyperbranched Polyimide for Optical Waveguides
Authors: Gao Hong , Wang Dong , Guan Shaowei , Jiang Wei , Jiang Zhenhua , Gao Weinan , Zhang Daming 
Published: January 2007

AbstractA novel fluorinated hyperbranched polyimide (HBPI) is synthesized by using a new triamine monomer, 1,3,5‐tris(2‐trifluoromethyl‐4‐aminophenoxy)benzene (TFAPOB) (A3), as a ‘core’ molecule, 4,4‐(hexafluoroisopropylidene)diphthalic anhydride (6FDA) as a B2 monomer, and 3,5‐ditrifuoromethylphenyl as an endcapping reagent. The polymer shows a glass transition temperature of 232 °C and a temperature of 10% weight loss at 535 °C. The HBPI presents a birefringence as low as 0.002 at 650 nm. Near‐IR results indicate that HBPI exhibits desirable properties for low loss optical waveguide applications.magnified image
Spatial substituent effects of various fluorinated groups on the 13C chemical shifts in cyclohexanes
Authors: Carcenac Yvan , Diter Patrick , Wakselman Claude , Tordeux Marc 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe effect of introduction of fluorinated groups (CH2F, CHF2, CF3, C2F5, OCF3, SCF3) on the 13C NMR chemical shifts in cyclohexanes is examined. The two main effects are caused by location at the α and γ carbon positions. Comparison of the various data allowed the calculation of increments corresponding to the introduction of fluorinated groups at axial or equatorial positions on the cyclohexane ring. The introduction of fluorine atoms in methoxy and thiomethoxy groups has only a slight effect through the heteroatom on the 13C chemical shifts. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Publish or be damned? The fate of abstracts presented at the International Continence Society Meeting 2003
Authors: Cartwright Rufus , Khoo Abigail Kate , Cardozo Linda 
Published: January 2007

AbstractAimsThis study examined the presented abstracts from the International Continence Society (ICS) Meeting, 2003. It analyzed the rate and timing of full publication, the factors predicting successful publication, the consistency of reporting between presented abstracts and published abstracts, and the barriers to publication.Materials and MethodsThe abstracts presented at ICS 2003, were categorized according to topic, nationality, and a range of methodological factors. Using keywords and author names, PubMed was searched for published papers corresponding to the work presented. For abstracts that had been published, the original abstract was compared with the abstract accompanying the full‐text paper. For abstracts that could not be identified in PubMed, the main authors were surveyed with an email questionnaire, asking about reasons for non‐publication.ResultsOf 130 presented abstracts, 77 (61.6%) had been published in full by February 2006. Authors from the US were significantly more likely to have had their work published. Uniquely among topics, “Clinical Pharmacology” abstracts were significantly more likely to have been published. Fourteen (18.2%) abstracts were classified as having major inconsistencies between the presented abstract and the abstract accompanying the full‐text paper. Inconsistencies between presented and published abstracts were significantly associated with delay in publication on Kaplan–Meier analysis. Most unpublished abstracts had never been submitted for publication.ConclusionsThe high publication rate reflects well on the scientific quality of the ICS meeting. All authors should be encouraged to publish their work after presentation. Caution is advised when referencing or generalizing from abstracts that have not been published in full. Neurourol. Urodynam. 26:154–157, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Numerical examination for degenerate scale problem for ellipse‐shaped ring region in BIE
Authors: Chen Y. Z. , Wang Z. X. , Lin X. Y. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThis paper investigates the degenerate scale problem for an ellipse‐shaped ring region in boundary integral equation (BIE). A homogenous integral equation is introduced. The integral equation is reduced to an algebraic equation after discretization. The critical value for the degenerate scale can be obtained from the vanishing condition of a determinant. It is proved that there are two critical values for the degenerate scale, rather than one. This finding is first proposed in the paper. Two particular problems with known solutions are examined numerically. The loadings applied on the exterior boundary may result in a resultant force in the x‐direction or in the y‐direction. The improper numerical solutions have been found once the real size approaches the critical value. Two techniques for avoiding the improper solutions are suggested. The techniques depend on the appropriate choice of the used size or adding a constant in a kernel of the integral equation. It is proved that both techniques will give accurate numerical results. Numerical examinations for the problem are emphasized in the paper. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Expression patterns of inhibitor of apoptosis proteins in malignant pleural mesothelioma
Authors: Gordon GJ , Mani M , Mukhopadhyay L , Dong L , Edenfield HR , Glickman JN , Yeap BY , Sugarbaker DJ , Bueno R 
Published: January 2007

AbstractInhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) comprise a family of structurally similar proteins, five of which are widely studied in the context of cancer: IAP‐1/MIHC/cIAP2, IAP‐2/MIHB/cIAP1, livin/ML‐IAP/KIAP, survivin, and XIAP/MIHA/hILP. IAPs are overexpressed by most neoplasms, promote tumour cell survival after a wide variety of apoptotic stimuli, and frequently have gene and/or protein expression patterns associated with a relatively poor prognosis. However, many IAPs are also expressed by normal tissues, can facilitate apoptotic cell death, and have expression patterns associated with a relatively favourable prognosis in some cases. The result is that the precise role(s) of IAPs in human tumours is not exactly known. It has been previously reported that IAP‐1 is overexpressed in malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) and is responsible for a large degree of the resistance of cultured MPM cells to cisplatin. Given the high homology of IAP family members, it is likely that other IAPs will be important in MPM. In the present study, the gene and protein expression patterns of IAP‐1, IAP‐2, survivin, livin, and XIAP have been determined in MPM cell lines (n = 9) and a large number of MPM tumours using high‐density oligonucleotide microarrays (n = 40) and an MPM tissue array (n = 66). Human tumours were linked to clinical data and it was found that IAP‐1 and survivin mRNA expression patterns were associated with a relatively shorter patient survival, while those of XIAP and livin were associated with a relatively longer patient survival. Abundant protein for all IAPs was also detected in MPM tumours, where they were expressed primarily in the cytoplasm. Only IAP‐1 and livin protein was expressed in the nucleus of MPM tumours. These results provide the rationale for additional study of this gene family in MPM and cancer in general. Copyright © 2007 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Oral gatifloxacin in the outpatient treatment of children with cancer fever and neutropenia
Authors: Petrilli AntonioSérgio , Altruda Carlesse Fabianne , Alberto Pires Pereira Carlos 
Published: January 2007

AbstractBackgroundFever in neutropenic (FN) patients requires immediate broad‐spectrum antibiotics, however, such patients do not represent a homogeneous population and the majority of them are at low risk of developing complication. Gatifloxacin (GA) is an alternative, though it has not been thoroughly studied in Pediatrics yet. The aim of this study was to evaluate oral GA in oncology pediatric patients with FN and low risk of infectious complications.MethodsWe conducted a prospective study in patients submitted to chemotherapy and FN, from the ages of 3 to 21 years old, with solid tumors, acute lymphoid leukemia, and lymphomas without comorbidities and treated as outpatient with oral GA. Safety and adverse effects were monitored.ResultsWe evaluated 108 patients with 201 episodes of FN. The average age was 10.8 years, 64.8% of the patients were male. Osteosarcoma accounted for 22% of the episodes, rhabdomyosarcoma for 13%, acute lymphoid leukemia, lymphomas and Ewing sarcoma, for 11% each. Among the 174 episodes exclusively treated as outpatients, the average duration of neutropenia was 4.8 days, the average duration of fever was 2.4 days; the average duration of the treatment was 8.1 days. The treatment was successful in 75.9%, analyzing only the first episodes. No patient died during the study. Adverse events included diarrhea, vomiting, increased liver enzymes, arthralgia, and ECG changes.ConclusionOral GA is effective and safe in the management of oncology pediatric patients with FN at low risk of infectious complications in the outpatient setting. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2007;49:682–686. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The problem of treatment abandonment in children from developing countries with cancer
Authors: Arora Ramandeep Singh , Eden Tim , Pizer Barry 
Published: January 2007

AbstractBackgroundThere is an inequality gap between the outcome of childhood cancer in resource, rich and limited countries. Abandonment of treatment is one of the reasons for this.ProcedureWe searched the medical literature for evidence on abandonment, its causes, and any preventative interventions.ResultsAbandonment is a very real problem all across the developing world. Cancers associated with poorer prognosis seem to have higher abandonment rates. It is also related to the socio‐economic and educational status of parents, travel time to treatment centers, and affordable, locally available treatment.ConclusionsTwinning between institutions, which includes several preventative interventions, has clearly been shown to work. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2007;49:941–946. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Positron emission tomography/computed tomography with 18fluoro‐deoxyglucose in the detection of local recurrence and distant metastases of pediatric sarcoma
Authors: Arush M. Weyl Ben , Israel O. , Postovsky S. , Militianu D. , Meller I. , Zaidman I. , Sapir A. Even , Bar‐Shalom R. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractBackgroundCombined positron emission tomography with 18fluoro‐deoxyglucose and computed tomography (FDG‐PET/CT) has been used in the diagnosis and staging of various malignancies, but their use in the management of pediatric sarcomas is less well defined. The potential role of FDG‐PET/CT in the diagnosis of local recurrence and distant metastases of pediatric sarcomas was investigated.ProcedureNineteen children (aged 2–21) with sarcoma (9 Ewing sarcoma, 3 osteogenic sarcoma, 7 rhabdomyosarcoma) were evaluated between January 2000 and December 2005 by FDG‐PET/CT for suspected local relapse or distant metastases. The results of 21 FDG‐PET studies, 16 CT scans, 9 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies, and 7 bone scans (BSs) were compared with surgical pathology or clinical follow‐up for at least 3 months.ResultsFDG‐PET detected local relapse in all seven patients and distant metastases in 10/13 (77%). FDG‐PET/CT and CT/MRI/BS results were discordant in eight patients. FDG‐PET/CT was the only modality that detected distant metastases in two patients. PET/CT was true negative and excluded disease in three patients with abnormal CT/BSs and was false negative in three patients with distant metastases.ConclusionFDG‐PET/CT may be useful and complementary to other imaging modalities for the detection of recurrent pediatric sarcomas, especially at the primary site. Its potential advantages and limitations compared with conventional imaging modalities need to be further investigated in larger homogenous patient groups. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2007;49:901–905. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Trends in the use of antihypertensive drugs by outpatients with diabetes in Taiwan, 1997–2003
Authors: Chiang Chi‐Wen , Chen Chi‐Yu , Chiu Hui‐Fen , Wu Hsin‐Lung , Yang Chun‐Yuh 
Published: January 2007

AbstractPurposeTo analyze trends in AHD‐use by diabetic outpatients in Taiwan over a 7‐year period (1997–2003) and to see whether the trends are consistent with clinical trial outcomes and published guidelines.MethodsA cross‐sectional survey was implemented using National Health Insurance Research Database between January 1997 and December 2003. Adult outpatients who had diagnoses of diabetes and hypertension and who had concurrent antidiabetic and antihypertensive drug claim were identified. The prescribing trends were described in terms of the prescribing rates and patterns of AHDs in each study year.ResultsOf the AHDs, CCBs were the most widely prescribed class throughout the study period but the prescribing rates declined considerably over the study period. A significant downward trend was also observed for beta‐blockers and other classes. Drugs acting on the RAS were the only one class showing a significant increase in prescribing rates with time. The prescribing patterns for monotherapy regimen decreased over time while those for two‐, three‐, and four or more drug regimens increased over time. Monotherapies maintained with CCBs, beta‐blockers, diuretics, and other classes steadily declined but those maintained with drugs acting on the RAS markedly increased.ConclusionsThe use of drugs acting on the RAS showed a marked increasing trend over the course of the study. Physicians' prescribing patterns for AHD are increasingly involving multi‐drug regimens. These findings may imply that management of hypertension in patients with diabetes had a positive trend toward to new clinical trial outcomes and guideline's recommendation. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.