bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early Trabecular Bone Healing Around Titanium Implants: A Histologic Study in Rabbits
Authors: Slaets Elke , Carmeliet Geert , Naert Ignace , Duyck Joke 
Published: March 2007

Background: A detailed insight into the early healing response of trabecular bone to unloaded titanium implants is lacking.Methods: Cylindrical implants were inserted in the tibial epiphysis of rabbits and left to heal for 1 to 42 days. Samples were processed into paraffin or methylmethacrylate sections and histomorphometrically analyzed.Results: A hematoma was observed after 1 and 3 days of implant placement. In addition, small fragments of bone trabeculae were detected around the implant as a result of the implant installment procedure. Soon, osteoclasts were observed resorbing these fragments, whereas osteoblasts incorporated them in strands of new bone, thereby making them difficult to distinguish from day 7 onward. At that time, osteoblasts were detected at the edges of the preexisting bone, actively depositing new bone, resulting in maximal osteoid deposition around the implant after 28 days (58%). After 7 days of healing, the presence of basic remodeling units in the surrounding bone was already maximal (P <0.05 versus t = 1 and 3 days). This remodeling activity, together with the new bone formation, provided a firm anchoring of the implant in the trabecular bone.Conclusions: This study evaluated the early cellular events in trabecular bone surrounding titanium implants. The insertion of an implant into bone initiates a series of biologic processes, including the formation of a hematoma, shattered bone fragments adjacent to the implantation site, intensive bone remodeling, and the formation of new bone, eventually leading to the osseointegration of the implant.
Verruciform Xanthoma: Immunohistochemical Characterization of Xanthoma Cell Phenotypes
Authors: Rawal Swati Y. , Kalmar John R. , Tatakis Dimitris N. 
Published: March 2007

Background: Verruciform xanthoma (VX) is a benign lesion that primarily affects the oral cavity, most frequently the gingiva. VX lesions are characterized by xanthoma cells (lipid‐laden macrophages or foam cells) found in the superficial connective tissue. To characterize these foam cells further, immunohistochemical techniques were used to investigate the presence of macrophage subpopulations in oral lesions of VX.Methods: Sixteen biopsy samples of VX lesions from the oral cavity (six from gingiva, three from palate, and seven from other mucosa) were studied. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed using antibody probes to macrophage subpopulations, including RM3/1 (reparative), 25F9 (resident), and 27E10 (inflammatory). The percentage of antibody‐labeled foam cells was determined by visual counts of selected fields within lesional connective tissue.Results: The proportion of VX lesions that demonstrated positive xanthoma cell reactivity with antibodies RM3/1, 25F9, and 27E10 was 100%, 88%, and 50%, respectively. Foam cells that stained positively with RM3/1, 25F9, and 27E10 represented 61.5% ± 19.6%, 51.8% ± 29.4%, and 10.9% ± 14.7% of the counted cells, respectively. When results were analyzed based on anatomic location (gingiva, palate, and other mucosa), there was no difference in the percentage of positively stained cells by anatomic site for any of the three antibodies (P >0.05). Similarly, there were no differences between masticatory (gingiva and palate) and other mucosa (P >0.05).Conclusions: VX lesions contain primarily reparative and resident foam cells, with limited numbers of inflammatory macrophages, consistent with a chronic reactive process. These findings were independent of the anatomic site.
Differential Gene Expression of Periodontal Ligament Cells After Loading of Static Compressive Force
Authors: Lee Yeon‐Hee , Nahm Dong‐Seok , Jung Youn‐Kwan , Choi Je‐Yong , Kim Sahng Gyoon , Cho Michael , Kim Myung‐Hee , Chae Chang‐Hoon , Kim Seong‐Gon 
Published: March 2007

Background: Compressive force is an important mechanical stimulus on the periodontal ligament (PDL) and is closely related to therapeutic tooth movement. In this study, early or late response genes related to the compressive stress in PDL cells were evaluated. Particularly, the expression of interleukin (IL)‐6, IL‐8, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was studied.Methods: The primary cultured cells from PDL were grown in a three‐dimensional collagen gel, and received a continuous static compressive force (1.76 g/cm2). The expressed genes were screened by cDNA microarray assays for 2 or 12 hours after the initiation of the mechanical force application. The genes of interest that showed significant changes in expression in the cDNA microarray assay were analyzed further by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR), enzyme‐linked immunoabsorbent assays (ELISA), and ALP assays.Results: ALP, IL‐6, and IL‐8 were selected among the genes that significantly changed expression (/M/ >0.7) and subsequently were confirmed by quantitative RT‐PCR. The secreted protein concentrations for IL‐6, IL‐8, and ALP activity were measured at 72 hours after application of continuous static compressive force. The protein level of IL‐6 was significantly increased at 72 hours (P <0.001), but there was no significant change in IL‐8 (P >0.0‐). ALP activity was decreased ∼41.5% compared to the control (P = 0.015).Conclusions: Considering that IL‐6 is a potent osteoclast activator and the compressive side of PDL during orthodontic tooth movement shows the resorption of calcified tissue, the changed expression of IL‐6 and ALP in response to the static compressive force in PDL cells may contribute to the orthodontic tooth movement or alveolar bone remodeling.
Local Application of Melatonin Into Alveolar Sockets of Beagle Dogs Reduces Tooth Removal–Induced Oxidative Stress
Authors: Cutando Antonio , Arana Carlos , Gómez‐Moreno Gerardo , Escames Germaine , López Ana , Ferrera María J. , Reiter Russel J. , Acuña‐Castroviejo Darío 
Published: March 2007

Background: The antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory hormone melatonin is secreted by saliva into the oral cavity, where it may protect the mucosal and gingival tissues from radical damage. To date, no studies have addressed the potential beneficial role of melatonin in the acute inflammatory response that follows oral surgical interventions, especially tooth extractions. The aim of this study was to determine whether tooth extraction induces changes in plasma oxidative stress levels, and whether melatonin treatment may counteract these changes.Methods: Maxillary and mandibular premolars and molars of 16 adult Beagle dogs were extracted under general anesthesia. Eight dogs were treated with 2 mg melatonin placed into the alveolar sockets, whereas the other eight dogs received only vehicle. Lipid peroxidation (LPO) and nitrite plus nitrate (NOx) levels were determined in plasma, whereas glutathione (GSH) and glutathione disulfide (GSSG) levels and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and reductase (GRd) activities were measured in red blood cells before and 24 hours after tooth extraction.Results: Removal of the premolars and molars caused a significant rise in plasma LPO and NOx levels and in the erythrocyte GSSG/GSH ratio, whereas melatonin treatment restored the normal values of these parameters. Also, melatonin slightly increased erythrocyte GRd activity without changing GPx activity.Conclusion: For the first time to our knowledge, the results show that during the immediate postoperative period following tooth extraction, there is a significant increase of oxidative stress, which is counteracted by the administration of melatonin into the alveolar sockets.
Effects of Full‐Mouth Scaling and Root Planing in Conjunction With Systemically Administered Azithromycin
Authors: Gomi Kazuhiro , Yashima Akihiro , Nagano Takatoshi , Kanazashi Mikimoto , Maeda Nobuko , Arai Takashi 
Published: March 2007

Background: One‐stage full‐mouth disinfection (FMD), in which full‐mouth scaling and root planing (SRP) is performed with adjunctive use of chlorhexidine, was introduced in 1995. There have been several reports on the effectiveness of this treatment protocol. However, FMD was reported to induce pyrexia frequently. We examined the effects of full‐mouth SRP in conjunction with azithromycin administered orally before SRP to control the number of bacteria. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of full‐mouth SRP using azithromycin with conventional SRP.Methods: Thirty‐four subjects (17 in the test group and 17 in the control group) with severe chronic periodontitis were selected. The subjects of the test group had azithromycin 3 days before full‐mouth SRP. Clinical parameters (probing depth [PD], gingival index [GI], bleeding on probing [BOP], and gingival crevicular fluid [GCF]), total number of bacteria, and number of black pigment‐producing rods (BPRs) were evaluated at baseline and 5, 13, and 25 weeks after baseline.Results: All clinical parameters improved in the test group more than in the control group. In the bacteriologic examination, the total number of bacteria did not change during the examination. In the test group, BPRs were not detected until 13 weeks. However, BPRs were detected in the control group by 13 weeks.Conclusion: It was shown that full‐mouth SRP using systemically administered azithromycin was a clinically and bacteriologically useful basic periodontal treatment for severe chronic periodontitis.
Effect of a Cyclooxygenase‐2 Inhibitor on Interleukin‐1β–Stimulated Activation of the Transcription Factor Nuclear Factor‐Kappa B in Human Gingival Fibroblasts
Authors: Tipton David A. , Gay Denise C. , DeCoster Vaughn A. 
Published: March 2007

Background:In previous work, the cyclooxygenase‐2 inhibitor NS‐398 inhibited interleukin (IL)‐1β–stimulated prostaglandin E2(PGE2) production almost completely while partially inhibiting IL‐6 production in aggressive periodontitis (AgP) human gingival fibroblasts. PGE2and the transcription factor nuclear factor‐kappa B (NF‐κB) regulate IL‐1β–stimulated IL‐6 production. Cytoplasmic NF‐κB is bound to inhibitors (IκB proteins). IL‐1β initiates a cascade resulting in phosphorylation and degradation of IκB, allowing nuclear translocation of NF‐κB and target gene activation. The purpose of this study was to determine whether NS‐398 inhibited phosphorylation of IκB and NF‐κB activation.Methods:AgP fibroblasts (1 to 2 × 106) were exposed to IL‐1β (1 × 10−11M) with or without NS‐398 (10 nM) in serum‐free medium. The NF‐κB subunit p6‐ and phospho‐IκBα were measured in whole cell, cytoplasmic, or nuclear extracts, using colorimetric assays. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays were used to measure PGE2and IL‐6 production by 2.‐ × 104cells after exposure to IL‐1β with or without NS‐398 in serum‐free medium.Results:Consistent with previous results, NS‐398 reduced IL‐1β–stimulated PGE2by ∼98% (P<0.001) and IL‐6 by ∼65% (P<0.001). IL‐1β increased nuclear and cytoplasmic p65 (∼8‐fold [P<0.001] and ∼2.5‐fold [P<0.03], respectively) over control levels. NS‐398 reduced IL‐1β–stimulated nuclear and cytoplasmic p65 to control levels. IL‐1β increased phospho‐IκBα in whole cell extracts by a maximum of approximately 9.5 times (P= 0.0001), and this was inhibited significantly by NS‐398 (P≤0.008).Conclusions:NS‐398 inhibited NF‐κB activation and nuclear p65 levels in human gingival fibroblasts. This seemed to be due to inhibition of the phosphorylation cascade resulting in formation of phospho‐IκBα and free p65. NF‐κB inhibition may be useful in treating inflammatory diseases such as AgP.
Cytokine Profiles in Crevicular Fluid During Orthodontic Tooth Movement of Short and Long Durations
Authors: Ren Yijin , Hazemeijer Heleen , de Haan Bart , Qu Ning , de Vos Paul 
Published: March 2007

Background: Orthodontic treatment induces a distortion of the extracellular matrix of the periodontium, resulting in alterations in cytoskeletal configuration. Cytokines are known to facilitate this process by inducing cellular proliferation, differentiation, and stimulation of periodontal remodeling. The aim of the present study was to measure a panel of proinflammatory cytokines (PICs) in crevicular fluid (GCF) samples during tooth movement of short and long durations.Methods: Twelve patients (11 to 27 years of age) participated in this study: six patients each for tooth movement of short and long duration. GCF sampling was done at different times, ranging from 24 hours to 4 months after force application. The profiles of PICs were analyzed with a multiplex technique.Results: PICs were elevated significantly in the early stage of tooth movement but at different time points. Interleukin (IL)‐1β and ‐6 and tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) reached significant levels at 24 hours; IL‐8 reached a significant elevation at 1 month. During the linear stage of tooth movement, all cytokines were diminished to their baseline levels. The results demonstrated that IL‐1β, ‐6, and ‐8 and TNF‐α play a significant role during the early stage of tooth movement but not during the linear stage.Conclusions: Once the microenvironment of periodontal tissue is activated by an orthodontic force, several key PICs are produced to trigger a cascade of cellular events. The periodontal system stabilizes at a new physiological homeostasis as indicated by the downregulation of the early‐phase PICs.
Nicotine and Lipopolysaccharide Affect Cytokine Expression From Gingival Fibroblasts
Authors: Almasri Amjad , Wisithphrom Kessiri , Windsor L. Jack , Olson Byron 
Published: March 2007

Background: This in vitro study investigated the influence of nicotine, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and a combination of both agents on cytokine expression from human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs).Methods: HGFs were exposed for 48 hours to 250 μg/ml nicotine, 1 μg/ml Porphyromonas gingivalis LPS, or both. The expression of multiple cytokines was detected in the HGFs conditioned media using cytokine protein arrays.Results: The untreated HGFs expressed several cytokines, which included relatively high levels of interleukin (IL)‐6, IL‐8, and monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 (MCP‐1). They also expressed low levels of growth‐regulated oncogene (GRO), IL‐3, and IL‐10. Nicotine had the greatest effect on the expression of GRO‐α, IL‐7, IL‐10, and IL‐1‐ compared to the untreated control. P. gingivalis LPS had the greatest effect on the expression of GRO‐α; IL‐7; IL‐10; and RANTES (regulated on activation, normal T‐cell expressed, and presumably secreted) compared to the untreated control. The combination of both agents had the biggest impact on the expression of GRO‐α, IL‐7, IL‐10, IL‐15, RANTES, and interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ) compared to the untreated control.Conclusion: HGFs exposed to nicotine, P. gingivalis LPS, or a combination of both agents increased the expression of multiple cytokines.
Treatment of Femoro-Acetabular Impingement: Preliminary Results of Labral Refixation
Authors: Espinosa Norman , Beck Martin , Rothenfluh Dominique A. , Ganz Reinhold , Leunig Michael 
Published: March 2007

BACKGROUND:
Recent advances in the understanding of the anatomy and function of the acetabular labrum suggest that it is important for normal joint function. We found no available data regarding whether labral refixation after treatment of femoro-acetabular impingement affects the clinical and radiographic results.
METHODS:
We retrospectively reviewed the clinical and radiographic results of fifty-two patients (sixty hips) with femoro-acetabular impingement who underwent arthrotomy and surgical dislocation of the hip to allow trimming of the acetabular rim and femoral osteochondroplasty. In the first twenty-five hips, the torn labrum was resected (Group 1); in the next thirty-five hips, the intact portion of the labrum was reattached to the acetabular rim (Group 2). At one and two years postoperatively, the Merle d'Aubigné clinical score and the Tönnis arthrosis classification system were used to compare the two groups.
RESULTS:
At one year postoperatively, both groups showed a significant improvement in their clinical scores (mainly pain reduction) compared with their preoperative values (p = 0.0003 for Group 1 and p < 0.0001 for Group 2). At two years postoperatively, 28% of the hips in Group 1 (labral resection) had an excellent result, 48% had a good result, 20% had a moderate result, and 4% had a poor result. In contrast, in Group 2 (labral reattachment), 80% of the hips had an excellent result, 14% had a good result, and 6% had a moderate result. Comparison of the clinical scores between the two groups revealed significantly better outcomes for Group 2 at one year (p = 0.0001) and at two years (p = 0.01). Radiographic signs of osteoarthritis were significantly more prevalent in Group 1 than in Group 2 at one year (p = 0.02) and at two years (p = 0.009).
CONCLUSIONS:
Patients treated with labral refixation recovered earlier and had superior clinical and radiographic results when compared with patients who had undergone resection of a torn labrum. Although the results must be considered preliminary, we now recommend refixation of the intact portion of the labrum after trimming of the acetabular rim during surgical treatment of femoro-acetabular impingement.
Precipitation of Liquid Swine Manure Phosphates Using Magnesium Smelting By‐Products
Authors: Parent Gaétan , Bélanger Gilles , Ziadi Noura , Deland Jean‐Pierre , Laperrière Jean 
Published: March 2007

ABSTRACTSwine manure contains considerable amounts of total (P) and soluble phosphorus (PO4–P) which may increase the soil P content when applied in excess to crop requirements and, consequently, risk water eutrophication. The feasibility of using magnesium (Mg) from the by‐product of electrolysis and foundries (BPEF) for the removal of P from liquid swine manure was studied by adding up to 3 g of Mg as BPEF per liter of nursery (NU) and grower‐finisher (GF) swine manure in 25‐L plastic buckets. Changes in P and other elements were monitored for up to 360 h. Small amounts of Mg as BPEF (0.5 and 1.0 g Mg L−1 manure) reduced the total P concentration of the liquid fraction by 70 to 95% of both manure types with respect to the control treatment of mixed raw manure. A settling period of 8 h or more was necessary to significantly reduce the liquid fraction's total P concentration for both manure types. Reduction of PO4–P varied from 96 to 100% in the liquid fractions for both manure types, which along with natural settling, explains most of the total P reduction in that fraction. The addition of BPEF did not influence the N content of manure. The low P liquid fraction can be safely applied to saturated P soils whereas the high P solid fraction offers the opportunity of transporting manure to agricultural soils deficient in P. Since N is conserved, both liquid and solid fractions could be valuable fertilizer manure by‐products.
Dissolved Organic Carbon Fluxes under Bare Soil
Authors: Mertens Jan , Vanderborght Jan , Kasteel Roy , Pütz Thomas , Merckx Roel , Feyen Jan , Smolders Erik 
Published: March 2007

ABSTRACTThe flux of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in soil facilitates transport of nutrients and contaminants in soil. There is little information on DOC fluxes and the relationship between DOC concentration and water flux in agricultural soils. The DOC fluxes and concentrations were measured during 2.5 yr using 30 automatic equilibrium tension plate lysimeters (AETPLs) at 0.4 m and 30 AETPLs at 1.20‐m depth in a bare luvisol, previously used as an arable soil. Average annual DOC fluxes of the 30 AETPLS were 4.9 g C m−2 y−1 at 0.4 m and 2.4 g C m−2 y−1 at 1.2 m depth. The average leachate DOC concentrations were 17 mg C L−1 (0.4 m) and 9 mg C L−1 (1.2 m). The DOC concentrations were unrelated to soil moisture content or average temperature and rarely dropped below 9 mg C L−1 (0.4 m) and 5 mg C L−1 (1.2 m). The variability in cumulative DOC fluxes among the plates was positively related to leachate volume and not to average DOC concentrations at both depths. This suggests that water fluxes are the main determinants of spatial variability in DOC fluxes. However, the largest DOC concentrations were inversely proportional to the mean water velocity between succeeding sampling periods, suggesting that the maximal net DOC mobilization rate in the topsoil is limited. Elevated DOC concentrations, up to 90 mg C L−1, were only observed at low water velocities, reducing the risks of DOC‐facilitated transport of contaminants to groundwater. The study emphasizes that water flux and velocity are important parameters for DOC fluxes and concentrations.
Development of quantitative polymerase chain reaction assays for allelic discrimination of gangliosidoses in cats
Authors: Wang Chi-Young J. , Smith Bruce F. 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Objective—To develop quantitative PCR (qPCR) assays with allele-specific primers to provide a rapid and accurate diagnostic and screening test for the 3 mutations identified as causes of gangliosidoses in domestic cats.
Sample Population—DNA samples obtained from archived feline blood samples submitted for GM1 and GM2 testing.
Procedures—A qPCR assay was developed for each mutation to monitor the efficiency of PCR amplification. Results were determined on the basis of the fluorescent intensity of DNA staining.
Results—Samples from 60 cats were screened by use of the 3 qPCR assays. Of these, 59 qPCR results agreed with the sequence-derived genotypes. The phenotype (affected) for the other cat agreed with results for the qPCR assay, which indicated that interpretation of the sequence-based result was incorrect.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The qPCR assays offer a sensitive, rapid, and reproducible technique for allelic discrimination without the need for complicated processing steps, such as hybridization or sequencing, after PCR procedures. These assays may prove beneficial for a rapid diagnosis of gangliosidoses in cats and could also provide a means for reliable large-scale screening for the carrier state, thereby accelerating the eradication of these debilitating diseases from feline populations.
Evaluation of anticollagen type I antibody titers in synovial fluid of both stifle joints and the left shoulder joint of dogs with unilateral cranial cruciate disease
Authors: de Bruin Tanya , de Rooster Hilde , van Bree Henri , Cox Eric 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate anticollagen type I antibodies in synovial fluid of the affected stifle joint, the contralateral stifle joint, and the left shoulder joint of dogs with unilateral cranial cruciate ligament (CrCL) rupture during an extended period of 12 to 18 months.
Animals—13 client-owned dogs with CrCL rupture and 2 sham-operated dogs.
Procedures—All dogs were examined and arthrocentesis of all 3 joints was performed every 6 months after surgery. Synovial fluid samples were tested for anticollagen type I antibodies by use of an ELISA.
Results—Dogs with partial CrCL rupture had higher antibody titers than dogs with complete rupture. Six of 13 dogs ruptured the contralateral CrCL during the study, whereby higher antibody titers were found for the stifle joints than for the shoulder joint. Seronegative dogs or dogs with extremely low antibody titers and 2 dogs with high antibody titers did not sustain a CrCL rupture in the contralateral stifle joint.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—In most dogs that had a CrCL rupture of the contralateral stifle joint, a distinct antibody titer gradient toward the stifle joints was detected, suggesting that there was a local inflammatory process in these joints. However, only a small number of sham-operated dogs were used to calculate the cutoff values used to determine the anticollagen type I antibody titers in these patients. Synovial fluid antibodies against collagen type I alone do not initiate CrCL rupture because not all dogs with high antibody titers sustained a CrCL rupture in the contralateral stifle joint.