bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of various doses of carbon 13-labeled aminopyrine for a carbon 13-labeled aminopyrine demethylation blood test in healthy dogs
Authors: Moeller E. Michael , Steiner Jörg M. , Williams David A. , Tetrick Mark , Burr John 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Objective—To determine an optimal dose of carbon 13 (13C)-labeled aminopyrine for use in a 13C-aminopyrine demethylation blood test in healthy dogs.
Animals—9 adult dogs.
Procedures—Food was withheld from each dog for 12 hours. A 2-mL baseline blood sample was obtained from each dog and placed into an evacuated tube containing sodium heparin. Carbon 13-labeled aminopyrine was administered IV at doses of 1, 2, 5, or 10 mg/kg. Additional blood samples (2 mL) were obtained and placed into evacuated tubes containing sodium heparin 30, 45, 60, and 75 minutes after 13C-aminopyrine administration. Hydrochloric acid was used to extract CO2 from blood samples. The extracted gas was analyzed by fractional mass spectrometry to determine the percentage dose of 13C administered as 13C-aminopyrine and recovered in extracted gas (PCD).
Results—Gross evidence of clinical adverse effects was not detected in any dog after administration of 13C-aminopyrine. The mean coefficient of variation (CV) for PCD was significantly lower than the mean CV for the summation of PCD values up to a given sampling time (CUMPCD). Mean PCD values among the 4 doses for each sample time were not significantly different. Administration of 13C-aminopyrine at a dose of 2 mg/kg resulted in the lowest interindividual variability.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The PCD is superior to CUMPCD for the quantification of aminopyrine demethylation. Administration of 13C-13C-aminopyrine at a dose of 2 mg/kg is appropriate for use in the 13C-aminopyrine demethylation blood test in healthy dogs.
Evaluation of permissiveness and cytotoxic effects in equine chondrocytes, synovial cells, and stem cells in response to infection with adenovirus 5 vectors for gene delivery
Authors: Ishihara Akikazu , Zachos Terri A. , Bartlett Jeffrey S. , Bertone Alicia L. 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate host cell permissiveness and cytotoxic effects of recombinant and modified adenoviral vectors in equine chondrocytes, synovial cells, and bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMD-MSCs).
Sample Population—Articular cartilage, synovium, and bone marrow from 15 adult horses.
Procedures—Equine chondrocytes, synovial cells, and BMD-MSCs and human carcinoma (HeLa) cells were cultured and infected with an E-1–deficient adenovirus vector encoding the β-galactosidase gene or the green fluorescent protein gene (Ad-GFP) and with a modified E-1–deficient vector with the arg-gly-asp capsid peptide insertion and containing the GFP gene (Ad-RGD-GFP). Percentages of transduced cells, total and transduced cell counts, and cell viability were assessed 2 and 7 days after infection.
Results—Permissiveness to adenoviral vector infection was significantly different among cell types and was ranked in decreasing order as follows: HeLa cells > BMD-MSCs > chondrocytes > synovial cells. Morphologic signs of cytotoxicity were evident in HeLa cells but not in equine cells. Numbers of transduced cells decreased by day 7 in all cell types except equine BMD-MSCs. Transduction efficiency was not significantly different between the Ad-GFP and Ad-RGD-GFP vectors.
Conclusion and Clinical Relevance—Sufficient gene transfer may be achieved by use of an adenovirus vector in equine cells. High vector doses can be used in equine cells because of relative resistance to cytotoxic effects in those cells. Greater permissiveness and sustained expression of transgenes in BMD-MSCs make them a preferential cell target for gene therapy in horses.
Genetic diversity and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles among mastitis-causing Staphylococcus aureus isolated from bovine milk samples
Authors: Anderson Kevin L. , Lyman Roberta L. , Bodeis-Jones Sonya M. , White David G. 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Objective—To determine whether particular antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of bovine mastitis-causing Staphylococcus aureus isolates were associated with specific S aureus genotypes.
Sample Population—357 S aureus isolates recovered from milk samples submitted for diagnostic bacteriologic testing from 24 dairy herds.
Procedures—Antimicrobial susceptibility of S aureus isolates was assessed by determining minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) to 14 antimicrobial agents. After digestion of S aureus genomic DNA by SmaI, electrophoretic patterns were obtained via pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and used to classify isolates into types. Gels were analyzed, and data were used to prepare dendrograms.
Results—308 of 357 (86%) S aureus isolates were susceptible to all antimicrobials evaluated. Forty-nine S aureus isolates were resistant to 1 or more antimicrobials; of these isolates, 37 were resistant only to penicillin, 9 were resistant to penicillin and erythromycin, 2 were resistant to tetracycline, and 1 was resistant to erythromycin. Isolates were assigned to 7 PFGE types. An association was found between PFGE type and antimicrobial susceptibility profile. Organisms with resistance to at least one of the tested antimicrobial agents were identified in only 4 of the 7 types of S aureus.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Antimicrobial resistance was uncommon among the mastitis-causing S aureus isolates identified in the milk samples. A limited number of genotypes were associated with mastitis in these herds. Antimicrobial resistance phenotypes were associated with particular S aureus PFGE types; this association may have implications for future treatment and control of S aureus–associated mastitis in cattle.
Effect of dietary lipoic acid on metabolic hormones and acute-phase proteins during challenge with infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus in cattle
Authors: Schmidt Ty B. , Brown Michael S. , Larson Robert L. , Kleiboeker Steven B. , Olson K. C. , Keisler Duane , Carroll Jeffery A. , Berg Eric P. 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Objective—To determine the effect of dietary supplemental lipoic acid (LA) on serum concentrations of metabolic hormones and acute-phase proteins of steers challenged with infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (IBRV).
Animals—32 steers.
Procedures—Steers were randomly assigned to 4 treatments: negative control (NC; no LA, no IBRV challenge), control (CON; no LA, IBRV challenge), 16 mg of LA/kg of body weight (BW)/d plus IBRV challenge (LA16), and 32 mg of LA/kg of BW/d plus IBRV challenge (LA32). Following a 21-day adaptation period, CON, LA16, and LA32 steers received IBRV (2 mL/nostril [day 0]); NC steers received saline (0.9% NaCl) solution. Blood samples, nasal swab specimens, BW, and rectal temperatures were obtained 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 14, and 21 days after challenge. Serum was analyzed for concentrations of haptoglobin, amyloid-A, leptin, and anti-IBRV antibodies.
Results—Steers fed LA32 began gaining BW by day 7, whereas BW of CON and LA16 steers declined. Serum haptoglobin concentration of LA32 steers was lower than that of CON and LA16 steers on day 7. Serum neutralization titers for 30 of 32 steers were negative for anti-IBRV antibodies before challenge; however, all steers (including NCs) had antibodies on day 21.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggested that LA supplementation augmented certain aspects of the immune response; LA32 steers had a more rapid recovery from IBRV viral challenge than did others.
Quantification of spontaneous locomotion activity in foals kept in pastures under various management conditions
Authors: Kurvers C. M. H. Chantal , van Weeren P. René , Rogers Chris W. , van Dierendonck Machteld C. 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Objective—To describe spontaneous locomotion activity of foals kept under various management conditions and assess the suitability of global positioning system (GPS) technology for recording foal activity.
Animals—59 foals.
Procedures—During the foals' first 4 months of life, 921 observation periods (15 minutes each) were collected and analyzed for locomotion activities. The GPS system was evaluated by simultaneously carrying out field observations with a handheld computer.
Results—Foals spent 0.5% of total observed time cantering, 0.2% trotting, 10.7% walking, 32.0% grazing, 34.8% standing, and 21.6% lying down. Total observed daytime workload (velocity × distance) in the first month was approximately twice that in the following months. Locomotion activity decreased with increasing age. Colts had more activity than fillies in certain periods, and foals that were stabled for some portion of the day had compensatory locomotion activity, which was probably insufficient to reach the level of foals kept continually outside. The GPS recordings and handheld-computer observations were strongly correlated for canter, trot, and walk and moderately correlated for standing and lying. Correlation for grazing was low.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results indicated that domestically managed foals, when kept 24 h/d at pasture, will exercise at a level comparable with feral foals. High workload during the first month of life might be important for conditioning the musculoskeletal system. The GPS technique accurately quantified canter, trot, and walk activities; less accurately indexed resting; and was unsuitable for grazing because of the wide array of velocities used while foraging.
Effects of dexamethasone and isoflupredone acetate on plasma potassium concentrations and other biochemical measurements in dairy cows in early lactation
Authors: Coffer Natalie J. , Frank Nicholas , Elliott Sarah B. , Young Charles D. , van Amstel Sarel R. 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Objective—To determine whether administration of isoflupredone acetate (ISO) to healthy cows increases the frequency of severe hypokalemia and whether dexamethasone (DEX) has detectable mineralocorticoid properties.
Animals—33 cows at 20 to 25 days of lactation.
Procedures—Cows were randomly allocated to 5 treatment groups and received 2 IM injections (on days 0 and 2) of sterile saline (0.9% NaCl) solution (10 mL each), an injection of ISO (20 mg) or DEX (20 mg) followed by 10 mL of saline solution, or 2 injections of ISO or DEX. Milk production was measured, physical examinations were performed, and blood and urine samples were collected daily on days 0 through 7.
Results—Physical examination parameters did not differ among groups; however, 1 cow developed atrial fibrillation on day 4. Both corticosteroids significantly increased plasma glucose concentrations, and ISO significantly decreased plasma potassium concentrations and increased total carbon dioxide concentrations with time. One dose of ISO decreased mean plasma potassium concentration by 25% on day 2, compared with day 0, and severe hypokalemia (serum potassium concentration < 2.3 mEq/L) developed in 1 of 6 cows. Mean plasma potassium concentration was 46% lower on day 3 than on day 0 in cows receiving 2 doses of ISO, and 5 of 7 cows became severely hypokalemic. Mean urinary fractional excretion of potassium significantly increased from that on day 0 in cows receiving 2 doses of ISO.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Both corticosteroids had glucocorticoid activity; however, only ISO had mineralocorticoid activity. Compared with saline solution, administration of 2 doses of ISO significantly increased the frequency of severe hypokalemia.
Adverse extrapyramidal effects in four horse given fluphenazine decanoate
Authors: Baird John D. , Arroyo Luis G. , Vengust Modest , McGurrin M. Kimberly J. , Rodriguez-Palacios Alexander , Kenney Daniel G. , Aravagiri Manickam , Maylin George A. 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Case Description—4 racehorses were examined because of markedly abnormal behavior following administration of fluphenazine decanoate.
Clinical Findings—Clinical signs included restlessness, agitation, profuse sweating, hypermetria, aimless circling, intense pawing and striking with the thoracic limbs, and rhythmic swinging of the head and neck alternating with episodes of severe stupor. Fluphenazine was detected in serum or plasma from all 4 horses. The dose of fluphenazine decanoate administered to 3 of the 4 horses was within the range (25 to 50 mg) routinely administered to adult humans.
Treatment and Outcome—In 2 horses, there was no response to IV administration of diphenhydramine hydrochloride, but the abnormal behavior in these 2 horses appeared to resolve following administration of benztropine mesylate, and both horses returned to racing. The other 2 horses responded to diphenhydramine administration. One returned to racing. The other was euthanized because of severe neurologic signs, respiratory failure, and acute renal failure.
Clinical Relevance—Findings indicate that adverse extrapyramidal effects may occur in horses given fluphenazine decanoate. These effects appear to be unpredictable and may be severe and life threatening. Use of fluphenazine decanoate as an anxiolytic in performance horses is not permitted in many racing and horse show jurisdictions, and analytic procedures are now available to detect the presence of fluphenazine in serum or plasma.
Cutaneous saphenous nerve graft for the treatment of sciatic neurotmesis in a dog
Authors: Granger Nicolas , Moissonnier Pierre , Fanchon Laurent , Hidalgo Antoine , Gnirs Kirsten , Blot Stephane 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Case Description—A 2-year-old Griffon Vendéen was examined because of a 1-month history of right hind limb lameness after a traumatic injury.
Clinical Findings—Neurologic examination revealed monoplegia and anesthesia of the right hind limb distal to the stifle (femorotibial) joint except for the area supplied by the cutaneous saphenous nerve. Results of electromyographic testing were consistent with a severe lesion of the tibial and peroneal nerves at the level of the stifle joint.
Treatment and Outcome—Exploratory surgery revealed an 80-mm-long gap in both the peroneal and tibial branches of the right sciatic nerve. A section of the left cutaneous saphenous nerve was interposed to graft the nerve defects. The dog received joint mechanotherapy and electrophysiologic therapy during the reinnervation process. Ten months after surgery, the dog had recovered almost completely. Neurologic examination revealed diminished flexion of the tarsal and digital joints. Repeat electromyographic testing revealed no abnormal spontaneous electrical activity in the right hind limb musculature, and small compound muscle action potentials were recorded in the right interosseous and cranial tibial muscles.
Clinical Relevance—Without surgical treatment, neurotmesis injury results in poor recovery of motor and sensory functions and may result in amputation. If a nerve defect exists, nerve grafting should be considered, even if the procedure is delayed until well after the injury. The sensory portion of the cutaneous saphenous nerve is a potential source of peripheral nerve for grafting in dogs. Reinnervation is a long-term process and physiologic support and owner involvement are necessary, but nearly complete functional recovery is possible.
The influence of schematic knowledge on contradictory versus additive misinformation: false memory for typical and atypical items
Authors: Nemeth Robert J. , Belli Robert F. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractIn the current study, we examined the influence of schema consistency on contradictory and additive misinformation. Sixty‐four participants were shown a series of still photographs of common scenes (e.g., a kitchen), were later exposed to narratives containing misinformation, and were then tested on their memory of the photographic scenes. In addition, participants were asked to reflect on their phenomenological experience of remembering by giving remember/know responses. Participants reported greater false memory for schema‐inconsistent items than schema‐consistent items. The findings failed to replicate Roediger, Meade, and Bergman (2001). Explanations for the discrepant findings are discussed. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effect of presentation medium of post‐event information: impact of co‐witness information
Authors: Itsukushima Yukio , Nishi Mariko , Maruyama Masakazu , Takahashi Masanobu 
Published: June 2006

AbstractTo determine the effects of presentation medium and social influence on the misinformation effect, two experiments using the misinformation paradigm were conducted. The misinformation was presented via a videotaped conversation between two confederates. Three target items were created. In Experiment 1, participants were exposed to misinformation via videotape, and showed a misinformation effect for one of three targets. In Experiment 2, misinformation was given via a written transcript. Participants showed a misinformation effect for two of three targets. In line with previous studies, these results indicate that social information can cause a misinformation effect. The results also suggest that participants may be more easily misled when misleading information is presented via written information than audio‐visual information. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modernising the misinformation effect: the development of a new stimulus set
Authors: Takarangi Melanie K.T. , Parker Sophie , Garry Maryanne 
Published: June 2006

AbstractResearchers studying the misinformation effect tend to present the event in one of two formats: slides or video. Both have their advantages and disadvantages. Videos capture much more information than slides, but slides permit easy counterbalancing of event details. We capitalised on digital technology to create a misinformation event that resolves many of the limitations inherent in earlier formats. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assassination of a controversial politician: remembering details from another non‐existent film
Authors: Jelicic Marko , Smeets Tom , Peters Maarten J.V. , Candel Ingrid , Horselenberg Robert , Merckelbach Harald 
Published: June 2006

AbstractWe asked undergraduate students (N = 83) if they had seen non‐existent video footage of the assassination of Dutch politician Pim Fortuyn, and whether they could remember details of this footage. Sixty‐three percent of the participants indicated they had seen the footage, and 23% were able to provide details of this footage. Participants with ‘memories’ of the non‐existent footage had higher fantasy proneness scores than those who could not remember this footage. Results underscore the malleability of our autobiographical memory. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Body maps do not facilitate children's reports of touch
Authors: Willcock Emma , Morgan Kirstie , Hayne Harlene 
Published: June 2006

AbstractIn two experiments, we assessed children's ability to use body maps to report where they were touched. Five‐ to 6‐year‐old children participated in a contrived event and were interviewed either immediately or after a delay. Overall, children's reports were incomplete and inaccurate. We conclude that body maps do not facilitate children's reports of touch and should not be used in clinical or legal interviews with children of this age. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A direct examination of the nonlinear (quadratic) association between intelligence and suggestibility in children
Authors: Gignac Gilles E. , Powell Martine B. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractIn order to test the hypothesis that intelligence and suggestibility may correlate with each other differentially at different levels of IQ, research has tended to dichotomize samples into low and high IQ groups. However, the practice of artificially dichotomizing a naturally continuous variable (such as IQ) has been sternly criticized by several statistical experts. Thus, in this investigation, the possibility that the association between intelligence and suggestibility may interact with IQ level was tested directly with a quadratic transformation of the IQ scores in a sample of children (n = 158). The results demonstrated that a quadratic nonlinear association existed between intelligence and suggestibility, such that the linear association between IQ and suggestibility ceased to exist at an IQ level of approximately 105. The results are discussed in light of the advantages of not dichotomizing naturally continuously scored variables. Further, in contrast to several other investigators, we argue that intelligence and suggestibility do correlate with each other within a certain level of the normal IQ range. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
False memories produced by children and adults in the DRM paradigm
Authors: Sugrue Katrina , Hayne Harlene 
Published: June 2006

AbstractIn the Deese–Roediger–McDermott (DRM) paradigm, participants study a list of words (e.g., bed, rest, awake, dream) that are related to a critical target (i.e., sleep). When tested, participants often falsely report the critical target even though it was not on the original study list. Although this procedure has been used extensively with adults, few researchers have employed the DRM task with children. The present experiment explored how children and adults perform in the DRM paradigm when the length of the study list is manipulated. Children and adults studied eight DRM lists comprising either seven words (short‐list condition) or 14 words (long‐list condition). Adults recalled a larger proportion of studied words in both list length conditions. In the long‐list condition, adults falsely recalled significantly more critical targets than children. In the short‐list condition, rates of false recall did not differ. A similar pattern emerged in the recognition data, with adults obtaining a higher rate of false recognition than children in the long‐list condition, but not in the short list condition. Overall, long lists produced more false memories than short lists. We conclude that studying longer lists led to greater activation of the critical target in adults, whereas children received little additional activation from longer lists. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Belief and experience of memory recovery
Authors: Naka Makiko , Maki Yoichi 
Published: June 2006

AbstractA number of large‐scale surveys have shown that many adults, particularly university students, believe that traumatic memories can be repressed and then recovered at a later point in time. How do ordinary people like students, most of whom may not have experiences of repression or recovery of traumatic events, come to believe in such phenomenon? Such belief may be associated with daily experiences of forgetting and remembering. We asked 111 undergraduates to rate how likely they would think a person (in daily life) would remember what she/he had completely forgotten, and to write down such experiences, if they had any. Also we asked them to rate 39 statements on memory including repression and recovery of memory, and traumatic memory. Overall, 71% of participants thought that it was likely that one would remember what she/he had completely forgotten; 70% of participants reported that they actually had such experiences. Although most of the episodes that students reported reflected normal forgetting and remembering in daily life, the number of episodes as well as the belief and experience of such forgetting and remembering were correlated with their belief measures on repression and recovery of traumatic memories. Belief and experience of daily memory phenomenon may have something to do with creation and/or maintenance of belief in repressed/recovered memory. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.