bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epithelial and pseudoepithelial differentiation in glioblastoma and gliosarcoma
Authors: Rodriguez Fausto J. , Scheithauer Bernd W. , Giannini Caterina , Bryant Sandra C. , Jenkins Robert B. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND.Glioblastomas exhibit a remarkable tendency toward morphologic diversity. Although rare, pseudoepithelial components (adenoid or epithelioid) or true epithelial differentiation may occur, posing a significant diagnostic challenge.METHODS.Hematoxylin and eosin–stained slides were reviewed, and immunohistochemistry and fluorescence in situ hybridization were performed.RESULTS.The patients included 38 men and 20 women. The median age at diagnosis was 57 years (interquartile range [IQR], 50 years‐67 years), and the median overall survival was 7 months (IQR, 4 months‐11 months). “Adenoid” glioblastomas (A‐GBM) predominated (48%). True epithelial glioblastomas (TE‐GBM) were next most frequent based on morphology and immunohistochemistry (35%), followed by epithelioid glioblastomas (E‐GBM) (17%). Overall, 25 (43%) tumors featured a sarcomatous component. Molecular cytogenetic abnormalities identified by fluorescent in situ hybridization in A‐GBM, E‐GBM, and TE‐GBM, respectively, included p16 deletion/‐9 (60%, 71%, 64%); chromosome 10 loss (40%, 63%, 57%), chromosome 7 gain without EGFR amplification (70%, 38%, 40%), EGFR amplification (10%, 50%, 27%), PTEN deletion (10%, 25%, 29%), PDGFRA amplification (10%, 25%, 0%), and RB1 deletion/−13q (50%, 0%, 14%). Abnormalities identified by immunohistochemistry included p21 immunonegativity (60%, 25%, 93%), which was most frequent in TE‐GBM (P = .008), strong nuclear p53 staining (29%, 29%, 41%), strong membranous staining for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) (21%, 63%, 19%), which was most frequent in E‐GBM (P = .03), and an increased frequency of p27 immunonegativity in gliosarcomas (15% negative, 85% focal) compared with tumors without sarcoma (38% strongly positive) (P = .009).CONCLUSIONS.Pseudoepithelial and true epithelial morphology are rare phenomena in GBM and may be associated with a similar poor prognosis. These tumors demonstrate proportions of molecular genetic abnormalities varying somewhat from conventional GBM. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
Cetuximab in combination with carboplatin and docetaxel for patients with metastatic or advanced‐stage nonsmall cell lung cancer
Authors: Belani Chandra P. , Schreeder Marshall T. , Steis Ronald G. , Guidice Richard A. , Marsland Thomas A. , Butler Elizabeth H. , Ramalingam Suresh S. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND.Cetuximab, an immunoglobulin (Ig) G1 chimeric monoclonal antibody against the epidermal growth factor receptor, has demonstrated evidence of activity in nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). When administered in combination with carboplatin and docetaxel, a commonly used regimen for advanced NSCLC, cetuximab has exhibited synergistic interaction in preclinical studies. Therefore, a phase 2 study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of the combination of cetuximab, carboplatin, and docetaxel for the treatment of advanced NSCLC.METHODS.Chemotherapy‐naïve patients aged ≥18 years with stage IIIB (with effusion) or stage IV NSCLC received cetuximab (at a dose of 400 mg/m2 on Day 1 and 250 mg/m2 on Days 8 and 15) plus docetaxel (at a dose of 75 mg/m2 on Day 1) and carboplatin (area under the concentration vs time curve [AUC] = 6 on Day 1) every 21 days for up to 6 cycles (graded according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer Staging System). Thereafter, patients without evidence of disease progression were continued on single‐agent cetuximab for a maximum of 1 year or until disease progression. The primary endpoint was response rate.RESULTS.Eighty patients were enrolled. The median number of cycles administered was 4 (range, 1‐6 cycles). The objective response rate was 15.2%, with a median progression‐free survival of 4.6 months and a median overall survival of 10.3 months. The salient grades 3 of 4 adverse events were neutropenia (30%), hypotension (3%), hypokalemia (4%), and hypomagnesemia (3%). Twenty‐five patients received single‐agent cetuximab (median duration, 12 weeks) and this was well tolerated.CONCLUSIONS.The results of this large, multicenter, phase 3 study indicate that the novel combination of cetuximab with docetaxel and carboplatin demonstrate modest anticancer activity for patients with advanced and metastatic NSCLC and has an acceptable toxicity profile. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
Randomized trial to assess the efficacy of intraoperative steroid use in decreasing acute urinary retention after transperineal radioactive iodine‐125 implantation for prostate cancer
Authors: Mierzwa Michelle L. , Barrett William L. , Redmond Kevin , Shirazi Reza , Kastl Ali , Kumar Nitin , Buncher Ralph 
Published: September 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND.Acute urinary retention is a potential complication of brachytherapy, with the literature estimating that 5% to 22% of patients require catheterization within 48 hours after implantation. In theory, postimplantation edema could be reduced by using intraoperative steroids. A prospective trial was conducted randomizing patients to a single intraoperative dose of dexamethasone versus no steroid use.METHODS.In all, 196 evaluable patients who received iodine‒125 (I125) interstitial brachytherapy alone as definitive treatment for low‐to‐intermediate risk prostate cancer were randomized to receive either dexamethasone at a dose of 6 mg administered intravenously intraoperatively (Arm A) or no steroids (Arm B). All patients completed the International Prostate Symptom Score before treatment. Patients were contacted by telephone 72 to 96 hours after treatment and the need for catheterization was reported.RESULTS.Between 2003 and 2005, 99 patients received steroids on treatment Arm A and 97 patients were treated according to control Arm B. Treatment arms were balanced with respect to pretreatment characteristics. A total of 3 patients required catheterization (2 in Arm A and 1 in Arm B). The overall rate of catheterization was 1.5%, with no statistically significant difference noted between treatment arms. The 3 patients requiring catheterization had no statistical differences from other patients with respect to pretreatment characteristics, number of seeds/needles used, or postimplantation computed tomography volume of the prostate.CONCLUSIONS.There was no statistically significant difference noted between treatment arms in the current study, leading the authors to conclude that intraoperative dexamethasone did not decrease the rate of catheterization required after brachytherapy. The overall rate of postimplantation catheterization in the current study was 1.5%, which is lower than reported elsewhere in the literature and in a retrospective review from the study institution. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
Formation Mechanism of Mesostructured Silica in Confined Space: An In Situ GISAXS Study
Authors: Platschek Barbara , Köhn Ralf , Döblinger Markus , Bein Thomas 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe structural evolution of periodic mesoporous material within the channels of anodic alumina membranes (AAMs) by evaporation‐induced self‐assembly (EISA) is investigated by a combination of in situ grazing‐incidence small‐angle X‐ray scattering (GISAXS) with parallel detection of solvent evaporation and ex situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Kinetically controlled and equilibrium‐controlled structural evolution can be distinguished for these EISA processes. A new mechanism for formation of mesostructures in the confined environment of AAMs is proposed. Data are presented for samples synthesized with nonionic surfactants at various surfactant:silica ratios and relative humidities. The formation of and transformations between circular or columnar 2D hexagonal and tubular lamellar structures are observed. The circular hexagonal phase is kinetically favored over the columnar hexagonal orientation. The TEM images provide evidence that phase transformations, depending on their type, either start preferentially at the channel wall or in the center of the mesostructured fibers.
Comparative Photostability Studies of BODIPY and Fluorescein Dyes by Using Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy
Authors: Hinkeldey Babette , Schmitt Alexander , Jung Gregor 
Published: September 2008

AbstractIn single‐molecule applications, the photostability of fluorescent molecules is a key parameter. We apply fluorescence correlation spectroscopy to compare the photostability of four fluorescein and four borondipyrromethene (BODIPY) dyes of similar structure but different triplet yields. The latter class of dyes are more stable. In the kinetic analysis the, diffusion and photobleaching are treated as competitive processes. Corrections, which account for saturation and for experimental artefacts, are achieved solely by using experimental data. Photobleaching is found to occur mainly through the first excited singlet state S1, in contrast to previous findings.
Concerted and Stepwise Proton‐Coupled Electron Transfers in Aquo/Hydroxo Complex Couples in Water: Oxidative Electrochemistry of [OsII(bpy)2(py)(OH2)]2+
Authors: Costentin Cyrille , Robert Marc , Savéant Jean‐Michel , Teillout Anne‐Lucie 
Published: September 2008

AbstractSuccessive oxidation of transition metal(II) aqua complexes (MIIOH2 to MIIIOH) is a domain in which proton‐coupled electron transfer reactions are extremely common. The mechanism of these PCET reactions—concerted or stepwise—is an important issue in the understanding and design of natural or artificial systems catalyzing the formation of dioxygen by four‐electron oxidation of water. Concerted proton‐coupled electron transfer from an aqua metal(II) to a hydroxo metal(III) complex requires the close proximity of a proton‐accepting group with a pK value between those of the aqua complexes. Otherwise, stepwise electron–proton or proton–electron pathways involving high‐energy intermediates are followed. Concerted proton–electron pathways involving water as proton‐acceptor or proton‐donor group are inefficient. Cyclic voltammetry of the title complex in buffered aqueous solution and re‐examination of previous results for the same complex attached to an electrode surface are used to establish these conclusions, which provide a starting point on the route to higher degrees of oxidation, such as those involved in the catalysis of water oxidation.
Hopfield neural‐network‐based dynamic resource allocation scheme for non‐real‐time traffic in wireless networks
Authors: Monserrat José F. , Calabuig Daniel , Rubio Lorenzo , Cardona Narcís 
Published: September 2008

AbstractDynamic resource allocation (DRA) plays a fundamental role in current and future wireless networks, including 3G systems. In this paper, a scheduling DRA scheme for non‐real‐time (NRT) packet services in wireless system is proposed based on the use of Hopfield neural networks (HNN). The scheme exploits the fast response time of HNN for solving NP optimization problems and has been particularized for the downlink transmission in a UMTS system, although it could be easily extended to any other radio access technology. The new DRA scheme follows a delay‐centric approach, since it maximizes the overall system resource utilization while minimizing the packet delay. Simulation results confirm that the proposed HNN‐based DRA scheme is effective in supporting different types of NRT services, while achieving efficient utilization of radio resources. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Architecture design, performance analysis and VLSI implementation of a reconfigurable shared buffer for high‐speed switch/router
Authors: Wu Ling , Li Cheng 
Published: September 2008

AbstractModern switches and routers require massive storage space to buffer packets. This becomes more significant as link speed increases and switch size grows. From the memory technology perspective, while DRAM is a good choice to meet capacity requirement, the access time causes problems for high‐speed applications. On the other hand, though SRAM is faster, it is more costly and does not have high storage density. The SRAM/DRAM hybrid architecture provides a good solution to meet both capacity and speed requirements. From the switch design and network traffic perspective, to minimize packet loss, the buffering space allocated for each switch port is normally based on the worst‐case scenario, which is usually huge. However, under normal traffic load conditions, the buffer utilization for such configuration is very low. Therefore, we propose a reconfigurable buffer‐sharing scheme that can dynamically adjust the buffering space for each port according to the traffic patterns and buffer saturation status. The target is to achieve high performance and improve buffer utilization, while not posing much constraint on the buffer speed. In this paper, we study the performance of the proposed buffer‐sharing scheme by both a numerical model and extensive simulations under uniform and non‐uniform traffic conditions. We also present the architecture design and VLSI implementation of the proposed reconfigurable shared buffer using the 0.18 µmCMOStechnology. Our results manifest that the proposed architecture can always achieve high performance and provide much flexibility for the high‐speed packet switches to adapt to various traffic patterns. Furthermore, it can be easily integrated into the functionality of port controllers of modern switches and routers. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Diverse roles of E‐cadherin in the morphogenesis of the submandibular gland: Insights into the formation of acinar and ductal structures
Authors: Walker Janice L. , Menko A. Sue , Khalil Sheede , Rebustini Ivan , Hoffman Matthew P. , Kreidberg Jordan A. , Kukuruzinska Maria A. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe formation of acinar and ductal structures during epithelial tissue branching morphogenesis is not well understood. We report that in the mouse submandibular gland (SMG), acinar and ductal cell fates are determined early in embryonic morphogenesis with E‐cadherin playing pivotal roles in development. We identified two morphologically distinct cell populations at the single bud stage, destined for different functions. The outer layer of columnar cells with organized E‐cadherin junctions expressed the neonatal acinar marker B1 by E13.5, demonstrating their acinar fate. The interior cells initially lacked distinct E‐cadherin junctions, but with morphogenesis formed cytokeratin 7 (K7) ‐positive ductal structures with organized E‐cadherin junctions and F‐actin filaments. Inhibition of E‐cadherin function with either siRNA or function blocking antibody caused extensive apoptosis of ductal cells and aberrantly dilated lumens, providing the first evidence that E‐cadherin regulates ductal lumen formation during branching morphogenesis of the salivary gland. Developmental Dynamics 237:3128–3141, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Differential survival response of neurons to exogenous GDNF depends on the presence of skeletal muscle
Authors: Angka Heather E. , Geddes Allison J. , Kablar Boris 
Published: September 2008

AbstractGlial cell line‐derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) is known as a potent survival factor for neurons in vitro and in vivo. The current study investigated the effects of a single in utero injection with GDNF in both wild‐type and Myf5−/−:MyoD−/− embryos. The embryos in the latter group, denoted double mutants (DM), do not contain skeletal muscle and associated neurotrophic factors due to lack of myogenesis and, therefore, neurons of the central and peripheral nervous system undergo excessively occurring programmed cell death (EPCD). We found that treatment with GDNF had no effect on wild type neuronal numbers in any of the anatomic locations investigated. However, GDNF rescued the neurons of the facial motor nucleus, the mesencephalic nucleus and the median motor column in the absence of skeletal muscle. The findings of the current study agree with previous reports that compromised mouse neurons have increased survival response to GDNF. Developmental Dynamics 237:3169–3178, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression of the fras1/frem gene family during zebrafish development and fin morphogenesis
Authors: Gautier Philippe , Naranjo‐Golborne Cecilia , Taylor Martin S. , Jackson Ian J. , Smyth Ian 
Published: September 2008

AbstractMouse studies have highlighted the requirement of the extracellular matrix Fras and Frem proteins for embryonic epidermal adhesion. Mutations of the genes encoding some of these proteins underlie the blebs mouse mutants, whereas mutations in human FRAS1 and FREM2 cause Fraser syndrome, a congenital disorder characterized by embryonic blistering and renal defects. We have cloned the zebrafish homologues of these genes and characterized their evolutionary diversification and expression during development. The fish gene complement includes fras1, frem1a, frem1b, frem2a, frem2b, and frem3, which display complex overlapping and complementary expression patterns in developing tissues including the pharyngeal arches, hypochord, musculature, and otic vesicle. Expression during fin development delineates distinct populations of epidermal cells which have previously only been described at a morphological level. We detect relatively little gene expression in epidermis or pronephros, suggesting that the essential role of these proteins in mediating their development in humans and mice is recently evolved. Developmental Dynamics 237:3295–3304, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
On the capability of the T‐S model in describing nonlinear systems
Authors: Kanehara Akira , Liu Kang‐Zhi 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe Takagi‐Sugeno (T‐S) model is one of the most powerful methods in describing nonlinear systems. Because the T‐S model can be easily converted into an LPV system, Lyapunov stability analysis and controller design reduce to solving an LMI problem. However, since the constructed T‐S model is generally approximation, how to construct a T‐S model with less approximation error is important. In this paper, we propose a modeling method for T‐S model which yields no error for some class of nonlinear systems, and discuss some expansion as well as estimation of error bound for general nonlinear systems. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 166(1): 52–59, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20503
Experiments on charge generation in cross‐linked polyethylene and ethylene‐propylene copolymer
Authors: Sekii Yasuo , Taya Atsushi , Suzuki Hirokazu , Maeno Takashi 
Published: September 2008

AbstractTo study the space charge generation in cross‐linked polyethylene (XLPE) and ethylene propylene copolymer (EPR), space charge profiles in both materials are measured using the PEA method. The experimental results demonstrated a large difference in the detected charge profiles between XLPE and EPR. We discovered that the diffusion of charge is significantly faster in EPR than in XLPE. The authors confirmed that the negative hetero charge is generated near the positive electrode in EPR when moisture coexists with acetophenone. The effects of antioxidants on the generation of hetero space charges in XLPE and EPR are also studied using XLPE and EPR samples containing different kinds of phenolic and sulfur type antioxidants. The authors discovered that hetero charge is generated in XLPE and EPR containing sulfur‐type, or sulfur‐containing phenolic, antioxidants when acetophenone is present in the material. The hetero charge generation is inferred as being caused by the combined effect between acetophenone and the component containing sulfur atoms of the antioxidants. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 166(1): 1–9, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20690
A method of new filter design based on the co‐occurrence histogram
Authors: Fujiwara Takayuki , Yamaashi Kazuhiko , Koshimizu Hiroyasu 
Published: September 2008

AbstractWe have proposed that the co‐occurrence frequency image (CFI) based on the co‐occurrence frequency histogram of the gray value of an image can be used in a new scheme for image feature extraction. This paper proposes new enhancement filters to achieve sharpening and smoothing of images. These filters are very similar in result but quite different in process from those which have been used previously. Thus, we show the possibility of a new paradigm for basic image enhancement filters making use of the CFI. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 166(1): 36–42, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20699
Experimental verification for stability improvement of sensorless vector control system of induction motor using real‐time tuning of observer gain
Authors: Ohyama Kazuhiro , Hamaoka Teruo , Asher Greg , Sumner Mark 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThis paper proposes a method for the design of the adaptive rotor flux observer gain to improve stability at low speed and in regenerating mode. The method is based on stability analysis, which utilizes a linearized model considering all systems, including each control loop. Therefore, the proposed method considers the effects of motor constants and control circuit constants. The stability analysis using the transfer function for the rotor speed considers the arrangement of poles and zeros and the steady‐state error. The rotor flux observer gain which improves the stability for each operating condition is ascertained. This paper also proposes a real‐time tuning method for the observer gain. The validity of the proposed method was confirmed by simulation using Matlab Simulink and by experiment. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 166(1): 67–81, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20715
Polymerase chain reaction‐based comprehensive procedure for the analysis of the mutation spectrum at the hypoxanthine‐guanine phosphoribosyltransferase locus in Chinese hamster cells
Authors: Yu Yong‐Jia , Xu Zhidong , Gibbs Richard A. , Hsie Abraham W. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractWe have established a comprehensive procedure based on the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to analyze the molecular spectrum of mutations at the hypoxanthine‐guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (hprt) locus in Chinese hamster cells. The procedure includes direct sequencing of PCR‐amplified hprt cDNA for locating point mutations in the expressed coding sequences, multiplex PCR amplification of the hprt exons for screening large deletions, and direct sequencing of PCR‐amplified hprt exons and their flanking regions for detecting intronic mutations resulting in mRNA splicing errors. Using this procedure, we have identified different types of mutations among a representative collection of spontaneous and induced HPRT‐deficient Chinese hamster cell mutants. This procedure is simple, rapid, accurate, and practical for a comprehensive study of the mutation spectrum in a large number of HPRT‐deficient Chinese hamster cell mutants.