bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of mixed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons exposure with oxidative stress in Korean adults
Authors: Ryu Ji Young , Hong Dong Hyun 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are widespread pollutants associated with several adverse health effects and PAH-induced oxidative stress has been proposed as a potential mechanism. This study evaluated the associations of single and multiple PAHs exposure with oxidative stress within the Korean adult population, using serum gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT) as an oxidative stress marker. Data from the Second Korean National Environmental Health Survey (2012–2014) were analyzed. For analysis, 5225 individuals were included. PAH exposure was assessed with four urinary PAH metabolites: 1-hydroxyphenanthrene, 1-hydroxypyrene, 2-hydroxyfluorene, and 2-naphthol. After adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, drinking, passive smoking, and current smoking (model 1), as well as the presence of diabetes and hepatobiliary diseases (model 2), complex samples general linear model regression analyses for each metabolite revealed a significant positive association between Ln(1-hydroxyphenanthrene) and Ln(GGT) (model 1: β = 0.040, p < 0.01 and model 2: β = 0.044, p < 0.05). For the complete dataset (n = 4378), a significant positive association was observed between mixture of four urinary PAH metabolites and serum GGT in both the quantile g-computation and the Bayesian kernel machine regression analysis. Our study provides evidence for the association between mixed PAH exposure and oxidative stress.
The cold molecular gas in z ≳ 6 quasar host galaxies
Authors: Kaasinen Melanie , Venemans Bram , Harrington Kevin C. , Boogaard Leindert A. , Meyer Romain A. , Bañados Eduardo , Decarli Roberto , Walter Fabian , Neeleman Marcel , Rivera Gabriela Calistro , da Cunha Elisabete 
Published: March 2024

Context. Probing the molecular gas reservoirs of z ≳ 6 quasar (QSO) host galaxies is fundamental to understanding the coevolution of star formation and black hole growth in these extreme systems. Yet, there is still an inhomogeneous coverage of molecular gas tracers for z ≳ 6 QSO hosts.
Aims. To measure the average excitation and mass of the molecular gas reservoirs in the brightest z > 6.5 QSO hosts, we combined new observations of CO(2–1) emission with existing observations of CO(6–5), CO(7–6), [C I] (2–1), [C II] 158 μm, and dust-continuum emission.
Methods. We reduced and analysed observations of CO(2–1), taken with the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array, in three z = 6.5 − 6.9 QSO hosts – the highest redshift observations of CO(2–1) to date. By combining these with the nine z = 5.7 − 6.4 QSO hosts for which CO(2–1) emission has already been observed, we studied the spread in molecular gas masses and CO excitation of z ≳ 6 QSOs.
Results. Two of our three QSOs, P036+03 and J0305–3150, were not detected in CO(2–1), implying more highly excited CO than in the well-studied z = 6.4 QSO J1148+5251. However, we detected CO(2–1) emission at 5.1σ for our highest-redshift target, J2348–3054, yielding a molecular gas mass of (1.2 ± 0.2)×1010 M⊙, assuming αCO = 0.8 (K km s−1 pc2)−1 and r2, 1 = 1. This molecular gas mass is equivalent to the lower limit on the dynamical mass measured previously from resolved [C II] 158 μm observations, implying that there is little mass in stars or neutral gas within the [C II]-emitting region and that a low CO-to-H2 conversion factor is applicable. On average, these z ≳ 6 QSO hosts have far higher CO(6–5)-, CO(7–6)-, and [C II] 158 μm versus CO(2–1) line ratios than the local gas-rich and IR-luminous galaxies that host active galactic nuclei, but with a large range of values, implying some variation in their interstellar medium conditions. We derived a mean CO(6–5)-to-CO(1–0) line luminosity ratio of r6, 1 = 0.9 ± 0.2.
Conclusions. Our new CO(2–1) observations show that even at 780 Myr after the Big Bang, QSO host galaxies can already have molecular gas masses of 1010 M⊙, consistent with a picture in which these z ≳ 6 QSOs reside in massive starbursts that are coevolving with the accreting supermassive black holes. Their high gas versus dynamical masses and extremely high line excitation imply the presence of extremely dense and warm molecular gas reservoirs illuminated by strong interstellar radiation fields.
Diskriminierungssensible Psychotherapie: Wie hoch ist das
Privilegienbewusstsein von Psychotherapeut*innen in
Deutschland?
Authors: Krammer Thorsten , Saase Sabrina , Berth Hendrik , Kilian Carolin 
Published: March 2024

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Diskriminierung kann sich negativ auf die psychische
Gesundheit auswirken und spielt somit auch im Kontext der Psychotherapie eine
entscheidende Rolle. Die vorliegende Studie skizziert die Potenziale sowie die
Relevanz eines (intersektionalen) Privilegienbewusstseins von
Psychotherapeut*innen für eine diskriminierungssensible
Psychotherapie. Ziel war, erstmalig das Privilegienbewusstsein von
Psychotherapeut*innen in Deutschland sowie dessen Thematisierung in der
Ausbildung von Psychotherapeut*innen zu erfassen. Zudem wurde der
Zusammenhang von der Zugehörigkeit zu einer marginalisierten Gruppe und
dem Privilegienbewusstsein auf Seiten der Psychotherapeut*innen
untersucht.
Methode In einer deutschlandweiten Online-Befragung (2022) nahmen 270
Psychotherapeut*innen (in Ausbildung) teil. Das Privilegienbewusstsein
wurde mit einer gekürzten, ins Deutsche übersetzten Version der
Awareness of Privilege and Oppression Scale-2 bezüglich der
Diskriminierungsachsen Heterosexismus, Klassismus und Rassismus erhoben. Drei
selbstkonstruierte Items haben ergänzend die Thematisierung von
Diskriminierung und Privilegierung in der Psychotherapieausbildung erhoben. Der
Zusammenhang zwischen der Zugehörigkeit zu einer marginalisierten Gruppe
und dem Privilegienbewusstsein wurde mittels linearer Regressionsanalyse
adjustiert für Alter untersucht.
Ergebnisse Knapp 65% der Teilnehmenden fühlten sich nicht
oder eher nicht auf den Umgang mit Diskriminierungserfahrungen von
Patient*innen vorbereitet, wobei ca. 40% angaben, dass
Diskriminierung in der Ausbildung nicht thematisiert wurde. Deutlich seltener
wurde Privilegierung thematisiert. Die Zugehörigkeit zu einer
marginalisierten Gruppe ging mit einem statistisch signifikant höheren
Privilegienbewusstsein einher (B=0,47, 95%-Konfidenzintervall:
0,27–0,67, F(2, 267)=15,41, p<0,001).
Schlussfolgerung Der Einfluss von Diskriminierung und Privilegierung auf
die psychische Gesundheit und therapeutische Beziehung werden derzeit nicht
ausreichend in der Psychotherapieausbildung berücksichtigt. Die Aufnahme
dieser Themen in das Curriculum der Ausbildung hat das Potenzial, die
Qualität der Psychotherapie erheblich zu verbessern.
Klinische Urteilsbildung und Beziehungskompetenz in der
Psychotherapie älterer PatientInnen
Authors: Peters Meinolf , Becker Tobias , Jeschke Karin 
Published: March 2024

ZusammenfassungDie in der Vergangenheit negative Einstellung von PsychotherapeutInnen zur
Behandlung älterer PatientInnen hat sich in der jüngeren
Vergangenheit abgeschwächt. Dennoch bleibt die Frage, wie Therapeuten
ältere im Vergleich zu jüngeren Patientinnen wahrnehmen, zu
welchen klinischen Urteilen sie gelangen und wie sie die Beziehung zu diesen
wahrnehmen. In der vorliegenden Untersuchung, die im Rahmen der
ÄPP-Studie (Ältere PatientInnen in der Psychotherapie)
durchgeführt wurde, sollten TherapeutInnen einen selbst
gewählten jüngeren (<40Jahre) oder einen älteren
PatientIn (>65) im Hinblick auf verschiedene Variablen beurteilen. Es
standen 527 vollständig ausgefüllt Fragebögen zur
Verfügung. Mit Hilfe zweifaktorieller Varianzanalysen konnte
u. a. gezeigt werden, dass jüngere TherapeutInnen (im Vergleich
zu ihren älteren Kollegen) ältere PatientInnen negativer
bewerten in Bezug auf die Eignung für Psychotherapie, die
Fähigkeit der PatientInnen zum Aufbau einer therapeutischen
Arbeitsbeziehung sowie weiteren Parametern. Jüngere TherapeutInnen
erleben sich im Vergleich mit ihren älteren KollegInnen
gegenüber älteren Patienten als weniger beziehungskompetent. Bei
jüngeren PatientInnen gibt es nur geringe Unterschiede.
Difference in the Extension Gap Between Osteoarthritis and Osteonecrosis in Medial Fixed-Bearing Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty with the Spacer Block Technique
Authors: MD Naoki Nakano , MD Toshihisa Maeda , MD Yuichi Kuroda , MD Kazunari Ishida , MD Shinya Hayashi , MD Yuichi Hoshino , MD Takehiko Matsushita , MD Ryosuke Kuroda , MD Tomoyuki Matsumoto 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe spacer block technique is widely used in medial fixed-bearing unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) for osteoarthritis (OA) and osteonecrosis (ON), while it is still unclear if there is any difference in the extension gap between UKAs for the two conditions. To clarify the question, the data from 87 consecutive patients (OA: 57 patients and ON: 30 patients) who underwent medial fixed-bearing UKA with the spacer block technique were retrospectively collected and analyzed. The component gap between the medial tibial osteotomy surface and the femoral trial prosthesis in extension was measured using a UKA tensor, and the preosteotomy gap was calculated in each condition. Also, pre- and postoperative coronal hip–knee–ankle (HKA) angles, the thickness of the insert, and the amount of distal femoral and proximal tibial osteotomy were measured and compared between the two groups. As a result, the mean preosteotomy gap in Group OA and Group ON was 5.4 and 3.7 mm, respectively (p < 0.001). The amount of change in HKA angle following UKA in Group OA and Group ON was 4.4and 3.8 degrees, respectively (p = 0.044), while no significant difference was found regarding pre- and postoperative HKA angle between them. Also, thinner inserts tended to be used in Group ON than in Group OA, while no significant difference in the amount of osteotomies was found between them. Since knees with OA and ON showed different biomechanical conditions at medial fixed-bearing UKA probably for the difference in the amount of remaining cartilage, the surgical technique should be carefully considered for each condition.
Role of heterogenous microstructure and deformation behavior in achieving superior strength-ductility synergy in zinc fabricated via laser powder bed fusion
Authors: Dong Zhi , Han Changjun , Zhao Yanzhe , Huang Jinmiao , Ling Chenrong , Hu Gaoling , Wang Yunhui , Wang Di , Song Changhui , Yang Yongqiang 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Zinc (Zn) is considered a promising biodegradable metal for implant applications due to its appropriate degradability and favorable osteogenesis properties. In this work, laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) additive manufacturing was employed to fabricate pure Zn with a heterogeneous microstructure and exceptional strength-ductility synergy. An optimized processing window of LPBF was established for printing Zn samples with relative densities greater than 99% using a laser power range of 80 ∼ 90 W and a scanning speed of 900 mm s−1. The Zn sample printed with a power of 80 W at a speed of 900 mm s−1 exhibited a hierarchical heterogeneous microstructure consisting of millimeter-scale molten pool boundaries, micrometer-scale bimodal grains, and nanometer-scale pre-existing dislocations, due to rapid cooling rates and significant thermal gradients formed in the molten pools. The printed sample exhibited the highest ductility of ∼12.1% among all reported LPBF-printed pure Zn to date with appreciable ultimate tensile strength (∼128.7 MPa). Such superior strength-ductility synergy can be attributed to the presence of multiple deformation mechanisms that are primarily governed by heterogeneous deformation-induced hardening resulting from the alternative arrangement of bimodal Zn grains with pre-existing dislocations. Additionally, continuous strain hardening was facilitated through the interactions between deformation twins, grains and dislocations as strain accumulated, further contributing to the superior strength-ductility synergy. These findings provide valuable insights into the deformation behavior and mechanisms underlying exceptional mechanical properties of LPBF-printed Zn and its alloys for implant applications.
On the 𝑝-rank of curves
Authors: Terzİ Sadik 
Published: March 2024

In this paper, we are concerned with the computations of the

p
p

-rank of curves in two different setups. We first work with complete intersection varieties in

P

n

for
n
≥
2

\mathbf {P}^n \text { for } n\ge 2

and compute explicitly the action of Frobenius on the top cohomology group. In case of curves and surfaces, this information suffices to determine if the variety is ordinary. Next, we consider curves on more general surfaces with

p
g

(
S
)
=
0
=
q
(
S
)

p_g(S) = 0 = q(S)

such as Hirzebruch surfaces and determine

p
p

-rank of curves on Hirzebruch surfaces.
Cul-4 inhibition rescues spastin levels and reduces defects in hereditary spastic paraplegia models
Authors: Sardina Francesca , Carsetti Claudia , Giorgini Ludovica , Fattorini Gaia , Cestra Gianluca , Rinaldo Cinzia 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSPs) are degenerative motor neuron diseases characterized by progressive spasticity and weakness in the lower limbs. The most common form of HSP is due to SPG4 gene haploinsufficiency. SPG4 encodes the microtubule severing enzyme spastin. Although, there is no cure for SPG4-HSP, strategies to induce a spastin recovery are emerging as promising therapeutic approaches. Spastin protein levels are regulated by poly-ubiquitination and proteasomal-mediated degradation, in a neddylation-dependent manner. However, the molecular players involved in this regulation are unknown.
Here, we show that the Cullin-4-RING E3 ubiquitin ligase complex (CRL4) regulates spastin stability. Inhibition of CRL4 increases spastin levels by preventing its poly-ubiquitination and subsequent degradation in spastin-proficient and in patient derived SPG4 haploinsufficient cells. To evaluate the role of CRL4 complex in spastin regulation in vivo, we developed a Drosophila melanogaster model of SPG4 haploinsufficiency which show alterations of synapse morphology and locomotor activity, recapitulating phenotypical defects observed in patients. Downregulation of the CRL4 complex, highly conserved in Drosophila, rescues spastin levels and the phenotypical defects observed in flies. As a proof of concept of possible pharmacological treatments, we demonstrate a recovery of spastin levels and amelioration of the SPG4-HSP-associated defects both in the fly model and in patient-derived cells by chemical inactivation of the CRL4 complex with NSC1892.
Taken together, these findings show that CRL4 contributes to spastin stability regulation and that it is possible to induce spastin recovery and rescue of SPG4-HSP defects by blocking the CRL4-mediated spastin degradation.
Skin cancer referrals by nonmedical practitioners: a prospective observational study
Authors: Anderson Alexander D G , Carswell Sarah , Heath Harry , Koutsis James , Guitera Pascale 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the appropriateness of suspected skin cancer referrals made by nonmedical practitioners (NMPs) and compare this with referrals made by local general practitioners (GPs). Data were collected prospectively from patients referred from primary care to a UK hospital dermatology department. The profession of the referrer was ascertained from review of referral letters and direct questioning. Patient records and subsequent histology reports were reviewed to determine the ultimate diagnoses. Eighty-nine per cent of patients (n = 668/753) were referred by GPs vs. 11.3% (n = 85/753) by NMPs. Fifty-one per cent of patients (n = 340/668) in the GP group and 55% (n = 47/85) in the NMP group were discharged without intervention (P = 0.45). An ultimate diagnosis of skin malignancy was made in 196 of 668 (29.3%) patients in the GP and 25 of 85 (29%) patients in the NMP group (P = 0.99). These early data suggest significant potential for NMPs to become more involved in skin lesion assessment.
Integration of a polygenic score into guideline-recommended prediction of cardiovascular disease
Authors: Li Ling , Pang Shichao , Starnecker Fabian , Mueller-Myhsok Bertram , Schunkert Heribert 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background and Aims
It is not clear how a polygenic risk score (PRS) can be best combined with guideline-recommended tools for cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk prediction, e.g. SCORE2.

Methods
A PRS for coronary artery disease (CAD) was calculated in participants of UK Biobank (n = 432 981). Within each tenth of the PRS distribution, the odds ratios (ORs)—referred to as PRS-factor—for CVD (i.e. CAD or stroke) were compared between the entire population and subgroups representing the spectrum of clinical risk. Replication was performed in the combined Framingham/Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) populations (n = 10 757). The clinical suitability of a multiplicative model ‘SCORE2 × PRS-factor’ was tested by risk reclassification.

Results
In subgroups with highly different clinical risks, CVD ORs were stable within each PRS tenth. SCORE2 and PRS showed no significant interactive effects on CVD risk, which qualified them as multiplicative factors: SCORE2 × PRS-factor = total risk. In UK Biobank, the multiplicative model moved 9.55% of the intermediate (n = 145 337) to high-risk group increasing the individuals in this category by 56.6%. Incident CVD occurred in 8.08% of individuals reclassified by the PRS-factor from intermediate to high risk, which was about two-fold of those remained at intermediate risk (4.08%). Likewise, the PRS-factor shifted 8.29% of individuals from moderate to high risk in Framingham/ARIC.

Conclusions
This study demonstrates that absolute CVD risk, determined by a clinical risk score, and relative genetic risk, determined by a PRS, provide independent information. The two components may form a simple multiplicative model improving precision of guideline-recommended tools in predicting incident CVD.
Systems Approaches to Cell Culture-Derived Extracellular Vesicles for Acute Kidney Injury Therapy: Prospects and Challenges
Authors: Lundy David J , Szomolay Barbara , Liao Chia-Te 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAcute kidney injury (AKI) is a heterogeneous syndrome, comprising diverse etiologies of kidney insults that result in high mortality and morbidity if not well managed. Although great efforts have been made to investigate underlying pathogenic mechanisms of AKI, there are limited therapeutic strategies available. Extracellular vesicles (EV) are membrane-bound vesicles secreted by various cell types, which can serve as cell-free therapy through transfer of bioactive molecules. In this review, we first overview the AKI syndrome and EV biology, with a particular focus on the technical aspects and therapeutic application of cell culture-derived EVs. Second, we illustrate how multi-omic approaches to EV miRNA, protein, and genomic cargo analysis can yield new insights into their mechanisms of action and address unresolved questions in the field. We then summarize major experimental evidence regarding the therapeutic potential of EVs in AKI, which we subdivide into stem cell and non-stem cell-derived EVs. Finally, we highlight the challenges and opportunities related to the clinical translation of animal studies into human patients.
Warm season ambient ozone and children’s health in the USA
Authors: Stowell Jennifer D , Sun Yuantong , Gause Emma L , Spangler Keith R , Schwartz Joel , Bernstein Aaron , Wellenius Gregory A , Nori-Sarma Amruta 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
Over 120 million people in the USA live in areas with unsafe ozone (O3) levels. Studies among adults have linked exposure to worse lung function and higher risk of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, few studies have examined the effects of O3 in children, and existing studies are limited in terms of their geographic scope or outcomes considered.

Methods
We leveraged a dataset of encounters at 42 US children’s hospitals from 2004–2015. We used a one-stage case-crossover design to quantify the association between daily maximum 8-hour O3 in the county in which the hospital is located and risk of emergency department (ED) visits for any cause and for respiratory disorders, asthma, respiratory infections, allergies and ear disorders.

Results
Approximately 28 million visits were available during this period. Per 10 ppb increase, warm-season (May through September) O3 levels over the past three days were associated with higher risk of ED visits for all causes (risk ratio [RR]: 0.3% [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.2%, 0.4%]), allergies (4.1% [2.5%, 5.7%]), ear disorders (0.8% [0.3%, 1.3%]) and asthma (1.3% [0.8%, 1.9%]). When restricting to levels below the current regulatory standard (70 ppb), O3 was still associated with risk of ED visits for all-cause, allergies, ear disorders and asthma. Stratified analyses suggest that the risk of O3-related all-cause ED visits may be higher in older children.

Conclusions
Results from this national study extend prior research on the impacts of daily O3 on children’s health and reinforce the presence of important adverse health impacts even at levels below the current regulatory standard in the USA.
A Philologist’s Perspective on Artificial Intelligence – a Case Study into English Dialect Dictionary Online 4.0
Authors: Markus Manfred , Kirner-Ludwig Monika 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Our paper seeks to bridge the gap between a linguistic and a technological description of Artificial Intelligence, as we see chatbots and other representations pushing to the forefront of academic ways of working. We set out to venture a philologist’s perspective on AI, critically reflecting upon the extent and nature of a lexicographical software’s ‘intelligence.’ We shall discuss and demonstrate AI’s potentials and limitations by adhering to the specific case of the recently released English Dialect Dictionary Online 4.0 (Markus and team 2023). While we propose that EDD Online is ‘intelligent’ in the sense that its retrieval software will anticipate and be capable of answering many of the questions that dialectologists would raise, we claim that the reason for such ‘intelligence’ is inherently rooted within the competence of humans in terms of predicting such questions and of eliciting the answers by means of complex query rules. We shall in fact argue that – as opposed to retrieval software types like the hotly debated ChatGPT chatbot, which are merely black box phenomena – EDD Online 4.0’s user interface represents a rare feature of AI: transparency and proactive user-friendliness. (185 words)