bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ζ-Potentials of Natural and Synthetic Fibers in SDS Solutions and the Viscosity of SDS Solutions above the Critical Micelle Concentration
Authors: Iwadare Yoshio , Suzawa Toshiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
In order to investigate the adsorption behavior of an anionic surfactant on fibers, the ζ-potentials of natural and synthetic fibers in aqueous solutions of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), mainly above the critical micelle concentration (CMC), were measured. Further, the change in the structure of the SDS micelle in aqueous solutions was studied by means of the viscosity method. At first the reduced viscosity for the SDS micelle, ηspm/cm (cm: the micellar concentration), increased rapidly with the cm as long as the cm was small; thereafter, after a break, it approximated the saturated values as a whole. The results calculated from the experimental data using Jones and Dole’s equation showed two distinct breaks. The first break corresponded to the 1st CMC, and the second, nearly to the break in the ηspm/cm vs. cm curve. In addition, the intrinsic viscosity for the SDS micelle, [η]M, and the effective specific volume, V, were obtained. From these results, it can be assumed that the structure of the SDS micelle is variable at the break in the ηspm/cm vs. cm curve. The ζ-potentials of fibers in aqueous SDS solutions changed rapidly with an increase in the concentration of SDS, but they remained approximately constant in the vicinity of the CMC. At much higher concentrations above the CMC (in the vicinity of the SDS concentration of 2×10−2 mol/l), the ζ values again gradually changed; thereafter, after a break, they became nearly constant again. The change in the ζ-potentials corresponds approximately to the break in the ηspm/cm vs. cm curve. Therefore, it may be suggested that it is connected with the change in the structure of the SDS micelle.
Magnetic and Optical Properties of Ionic Electron-Donor-Acceptor Complexes
Authors: Sato Yoichiro , Kinoshita Minoru , Sano Mizuka , Akamatu Hideo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The magnetic susceptibilities and optical absorption spectra of a number of ionic electron-donor-acceptor complexes have been studied in a solid state. The complexes of N,N,N′N′-tetra,-methyl-p-phenylenediamine with o-chloranil and o-bromanil were found to have a composition of 2 : 3 and their paramagnetic susceptibilities followed the Curie-Weiss law with the Weiss constant of 0±5°K in the temperature range between 77°K and room temperature. It was noted that in these complexes paramagnetism is dominated by the monopositive ion radical of the amine and not by the quinone part. In contrast to this, the complexes formed by combinations of p-phenylenediamine and tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine with p-chloranil and p-bromanil had a composition of 1 : 1 and showed paramagnetic susceptibilities which varied with temperature according to the thermal equilibrium between magnetic and non-magnetic states. The thermal equilibrium is characterized by the activation energy determined by the interaction between the monopositive and the mononegative ion radicals of the components. The absorption spectra of 1 : 1 complexes showed a charge-transfer band in the near-infrared region, while those of 2 : 3 complexes did not. The activation energy obtained magnetically is discussed in relation to the appearance of the charge-transfer absorption band. The temperature dependence of the activation energy is also discussed.
Studies of Helical Aggregates of Molecules. II. The Sense of Twist in the Fibrous Aggregates from the Alkali Metal Soaps of Optically Active 12-Hydroxystearic Acid
Authors: Tachibana Taro , Kitazawa Shyoko , Takeno Hideko 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Under an electron microscope, it was observed that the alkali metal soaps of 12-d(or l)-hydroxystearic acid separated out twisted fibers from various solutions. A symmetrical relationship regarding the sense of the twist was found between the soap fibers of the d-enantiomer and those of the l-enantiomer. In the case of the soap fibers of the d-enantiomer, the sense of twist was right-handed for the Li soap and left-handed for the Rb and Cs soaps. The Na- and the K- soap fibers produced both right-handed and left-handed fibers. A solvent effect with respect to the sense of twist was found for the fibers of the free acid and its Li soap. The cause of the twisting was discussed in connection with the structure and the growth process of the soap crystal.
Synthesis of Cyclic α-Amino Acids. IV. Syntheses of Adenine Nucleosides of 3-Amino-3-C-carboxy-3-deoxy-d-ribofuranose and 3-Amino-3-C-carboxy-3-deoxy-d-ribopyranose
Authors: Yanagisawa Hiroaki , Kinoshita Mitsuhiro , Nakada Saburo , Umezawa Sumio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
9-(3′-Amino-3′-C-carboxy-3′-deoxy-β-d-ribofuranosyl)adenine (I) and 9-(3′-amino-3′-C-carboxy-3′-deoxy-β-d-ribopyranosyl)adenine (II) have been synthesized. They are the first examples of nucleoside-derivatives which have an α-amino acid structure in their furanose or pyranose ring. A masked derivative (VII) of α-d-erythro-pentofuranos-3-ulose was converted into a hydantoin derivative (IX), which was acetolyzed and then treated with dry hydrogen chloride to give an acylglycosyl chloride (XI). Condensation of this derivative with chloromercuri-6-benzamidopurine followed by hydrolysis afforded I. Treatment of the hydantoin derivative (IX) with methanolic hydrogen chloride followed by hydrolysis gave methyl 3-amino-3-C-carboxy-3-deoxy-α-d-ribopyranoside (XVII), which has been found to be identical with one of the isomers of methyl 3-amino-3-C-carboxy-3-deoxy-α-d-pentopyranoside previously reported. The 1-O-acetyl-3-N-benzoyl-2,4-di-O-benzoyl derivative of ethyl ester of this acid (XVII) was fused with 6-benzamidopurine in the presence of p-toluenesulfonic acid and followed by hydrolysis to afford II. Structural proofs for the new nucleoside-derivatives were obtained from their ultraviolet, infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra.
The Condensation Reactions of Bivalent Sulfur Compounds-Copper(II) Complexes with Nucleophiles
Authors: Mukaiyama Teruaki , Narasaka Koichi , Maekawa Kazuo , Hokonoki Hisao 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
It was found that the bivalent sulfur compounds such as benzaldehyde diethylmercaptal, benzophenone diethylmercaptole, ethyl orthotrithioformate and benzyl methylsulfide, react with copper(II) salts of 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds, active methylene compounds or anisole, in the presence of cupric chloride, to give condensation or substitution products in good yields accompanied with carbon-sulfur bond cleavage. On the other hand, in the absence of cupric chloride, the bivalent sulfur compounds underwent no reaction and the starting materials were recovered. These results can be explained by assuming initial formation of active complexes from the bivalent sulfur compounds and copper(II).
The Resolution of N-Benzyloxycarbonyl-Dl-amino Acids Using Ephedrine
Authors: Oki Katsue , Suzuki Kuniyoshi , Tuchida Seiichi , Saito Tomoo , Kotake Hiroshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The use of ephedrine has here been proposed to be of value in the direct resolution of racemic N-benzyloxycarbonylamino acids. By using a half equi-amount of natural (−)-ephedrine, N-benzyloxycarbonyl derivatives of β-methyl Dl-aspartate, Dl-leucine, Dl-methionine, and O-benzyloxycarbonyl-Dl-serine resulted, each in turn producing a salt of the respective d-isomer. On the other hand, Dl-isoleucine, erythro-β-methyl-Dl-leucine, threo-N,β-dimethyl-Dl-leucine, Dl-valine, and Dl-phenylalanine each produced a salt of each l-isomer with the same base. It should be better to protect, if possible, the third functional groups of three functional amino acids before the resolution. Each antipode of the optically active N-benzyloxycarbonylamino acid obtained above was also conveniently produced, in a high optical purity, by using (+)-ephedrine alternately. However, a few limitations on the desirable method of resolution have also been observed.
Studies on Pyrophosphates. I. A Selective Degradation of Pyrophosphates by Means of 2,6-Dichloroquinone N-Chloroimide
Authors: Chong Kyu-Jang , Pong Sheng-Shung , Hata Tsujiaki 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Reaction of P1,P2-dialkyl pyrophosphate with alcohols or water in the presence of 2,6-dichloroquinone N-chloroimide (CQC) was studied. It was found that alkyl p-nitrophenyl phosphates are obtained in high yields by treating P1,P2-di-p-nitrophenyl pyrophosphate with alcohols in the presence of CQC. Similarly, alkyl phosphates are selectively produced by the reaction of P1,P2-dialkyl pyrophosphates with water in the presence of CQC. These reactions afford a new procedure for the selective degradation of P1,P2-dialkyl pyrophosphates, especially nucleoside pyrophosphates.
Phenylation with Phenyl Radical Generated from Phenylazotriphenylmethane
Authors: Kobayashi Michio , Minato Hiroshi , Watanabe Nobuko , Kobori Nobumasa 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Phenylazotriphenylmethane was decomposed in substituted benzenes, and orientations and partial rate factors for phenylation were determined.
Effect of Coexisting Minerals on the Graphitization of Carbon under Pressure. IV. Accelerating Effect of Calcium Oxide
Authors: Hirano Shin-ich , Saito Hajime , Inagaki Michio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Heat treatments of polyvinylchloride coke in the presence of three kinds of calcium oxide calcined at different temperatures were carried out in order to study the effect of the reactivity of calcium oxide on the acceleration of graphitization of carbon under the quasihydrostatic pressure of 3.2 kbar. A remarkable difference in the accelerating effect on graphitization was confirmed. In the presence of the most reactive calcium oxide calcined at 920°C, the graphitization of the carbon began at about 1100°C and the content of the graphitic component became 100% by heat treatment at 1500°C for 60 min. While in the presence of the least reactive calcium oxide calcined at 1470°C, the graphitic component, an even hump on the corresponding diffraction angle, could not be detected in specimens heat-treated below 1500°C. The content of graphitic component and the distribution of calcium in heat-treated specimens were measured by an electron microprobe analyzer. It was found that the part having a larger content of calcium had a larger content of the graphitic component. A possible mechanism of the accelerating effect of calcium compound on graphitization is considered to be chemical concerning the intermediate formation of carbide or metal. The formation of the graphitic component seems to proceed by the reaction:
CaO+C (amorphous)→Ca+CO→CaO+C (graphite)\labeleq1
below 1300°C, and above 1300°C, mainly by the reaction:
CaO+3C(amorphous)→CaC2+CO→CaO+3C (graphite)\labeleq2
and also by reaction (1). The driving force of the formation of the graphitic component through these reactions is the difference in the free energy between amorphous carbon and graphite, viz., disordered and ordered graphite.
Photoreduction of Phenazine in Alcohols and by EDTA in the Aqueous Solution
Authors: Iwaoka Teiki , Niizuma Shigeya , Koizumi Masao 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
By the combined use of the steady-light experiment and a flash technique, photoreduction of phenazine in methanol, ethanol, isopropanol and by EDTA in the aqueous solution and also the related elementary processes have been studied. The photoproduct has been identified as dihydrophenazine of which the absorption spectrum has been measured for the first time. It has been concluded that the lowest triplet, T(π–π*) is not a reactive state. Most probably the reactive state is a higher T(n−π*). The quantum yields of photoreduction in methanol, ethanol, and isopropanol are respectively 0.023, 0.037 and 0.050. Singlet-Triplet transition probability (ΦST) has been found to be &gt;0.33 in the aqueous solution. Semiquinone produced in alcohols disappears by disproportionation reaction with almost the diffusion controlled rate constant while in the aqueous solution the disproportionation is much slower and at high EDTA concentrations, semiquinone is further reduced by EDTA. The absorption due to a molecular compound consisting of phenazine and dihydrophenazine has been detected in the visible region. It has been suggested that a certain equilibrium exists between three compounds and that a rather stable radical species, the existence of which has been proved by an ESR spectroscopy, participates in this equilibrium.
The Hydrated and Anhydrous Copper(II) Complexes with Thioglycolic Acid Derivatives
Authors: Ohashi Yayoi , Takeuchi Toshio , Ouchi Akira , Yoshino Yukichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The dihydrates and anhydrous copper(II) complexes with methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, and benzyl thioglycolic acids were synthesized, and their properties were investigated. The magnetic data show that the copper in the complexes is divalent and that the complexes do not have a copper(II) acetate structure. The spectroscopic data show that these ligands bond to the central metal ion as strongly as does amino acid or water. In the case of isopropyl thioglycolato copper(II) dihydrate, the blue and the violet isomers were obtained. The structures of the complexes in the solid state as well as in the solution were discussed.
The Polymerization of Di-(β-methacrylyloxypropionaldehyde)-pentaerythritolacetal
Authors: Ouchi Tatsuro , Imase Yorihiro , Oiwa Masayoshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The polymerization of di-(β-methacrylyloxypropionaldehyde)-pentaerythritolacetal (Dβ-MPP) and the copolymerizations of DβMPP with styrene (St) and acrylonitrile (AN) have been carried out at 60°C, using benzoyl peroxide as an initiator. They have then been discussed kinetically from the point of view of cyclopolymerization. The results can be summarized as follows:
1) The relation among the rate of polymerization, Rp, the initiator concentration, (I), and the monomer concentration, (M), can be expressed by the following equations;
& R_p/(I)^1/2=A(I)^1/2+B
& R_p/(M)=C(M)+D
where A, B, C, and D are constant.
2) The ratio of the rate constant of the unimolecular cyclization reaction to that of the bimolecular propagation reaction of the uncyclized radical, kc⁄kp, was 22.0 mol/l.
3) The copolymerization of DβMPP proceeded primarily by means of cyclocopolymerization, and the ratio of the cyclization rate to the vinyl propagation also decreased with an increase in the comonomer fraction in the copolymer.
4) The following reactivity ratios were estimated on the basis of the Smets-Roovers equation: (Remark: Graphics omitted.)
1,2-Dithiole-3-thione and 1,2,4-Trithiole from α-Cyanodithiocarboxylate
Authors: Yokoyama Masataka 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
1,2-Dithiole-3-thiones and 1,2,4-trithioles were synthesized by the reaction of α-cyanodithiocarboxylate, hydrogen sulfide, and bromine water. The reaction mechanism and the mass spectra of 1,2-dithiole-3-thiones were discussed.
Kinetic Studies of the Pulse Radiolysis of trans-Stilbem in Several Solvents
Authors: Ueda Hisashi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The kinetics of the transient species of trans-stilbene in several solvents were studied using single pulsed electron beam (0.5 μsec×300 mA) and the spectroscopic method. The species existing immediately (0–20μsec) after a pulse is found to disappear according to a sum of two first-order decay-rate equations. The temperature dependence of the formation and decay of this species shows that there are two different trans-stilbene cations, Rs and Rf, which have almost identical absorption spectra but different formation and decay rates. The rate constants for Rs were not affected by the temperature, however, those for Rf were strongly affected. Rf is not found in the solution of trans-stilbene in 1,2-dichloroethane if a small amount of CCl4 is added. Some effects of the dielectric constant were observed on the decay-rate constant of Rf. From these facts, it can be concluded that Rf is formed by an ordinary transfer of a hole from the solvent cation to the solute molecule. As Rs seems to be formed by a mechanism other than that of Rf, a possible scheme for it has been discussed.
The Structure Theory of Water. III. The Order-Disorder Theory
Authors: Arakawa Kiyoshi , Sasaki Katsutaka 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Taking into account the cooperative nature of cluster formation, we applied the order-disorder theory, using Bragg and Williams’s approximation, to liquid water based on a two state model. The two state model consists of hydrogen-bonded molecules arrayed on α-sites in a tetragonal lattice and non hydrogen-bonded molecules on β-sites in the lattice. A partition function was formulated and calculated. The calculated energy difference, ε, between the molecules on β-sites and those on α-sites decreased continuously with the rise of temperature. Thermodynamic variables of liquid water were calculated at each temperature, where no adjustable parameter was used. Agreement between calculated values and observed ones is fairly good.
Radiotracer Studies on Adsorption of Surface Active Substance at Aqueous Surface. II. The Effect of Excess Salt on the Adsorption of Sodium Dodecylsulfate
Authors: Tajima Kazuo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The adsorbed amount and the surface tension at the air-solution interface of the solution of tritiated sodium dodecylsulfate in the presence of excess common inorganic salt have been accurately measured at 25°C. The radioactivity of tritium β-rays over the solution was counted with a sheet scintillation counter and the surface tension of the solution was measured by a drop volume method. In the sodium dodecylsulfate solution containing sodium chloride of 0.115 mol/l, the adsorbed amount of dodecylsulfate ions was saturated to give 4.33×10−10 mol/cm2 when the bulk concentration was higher than 5.0×10−4 mol/1000 g solution. In the presence of the excess inorganic salt common to the ionic surfactant in solution the Gibbs adsorption isotherm has been experimentally proved to be valid for n=1. Moreover, it was confirmed that the equation of state for the ionic adsorbed film on the salt-free solution proposed previously is also applicable to the ionic surfactant solution with the excess salt.
The Fractionation of Tritium in the Crystallization of Inorganic Hydrates from a Tritiated Solution
Authors: Tanaka Haruhiko , Negita Hisao 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Bennema’s theory of crystal growth from a solution was modified and used in explaining fractionations of tritiated water in the crystal-growth processes of several inorganic hydrated salts from concentrated aqueous solutions. It was suggested that some water molecules in the aqueous solutions were free to become growth units which are not necessarily activated for entering the crystal surface. The dilution of tritiated water in the crystal was observed; this was explained in a satisfactory way in terms of the surface-diffusion model originally proposed by Burton, Cabrera, and Frank. On the contrary, the volume diffusion model was inadequate for interpreting the fractionation of tritium.
Organic Charge Transfer Salts; Absorption Spectra of Salts between the Pyrylium or Thiopyrylium Cation and the 1,1,3,3- Tetracyanopropenide or Tricyanomethanide Anion
Authors: Yasuba Hiroshi , Imai Tatsuro , Okamoto Kenichi , Kusabayashi Shigekazu , Mikawa Hiroshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
New organic charge transfer salts composed of an organic cation (pyrylium or thiopyrylium) and an organic anion (1,1,3,3-tetracyanopropenide or tricyanomethanide) were prepared. The absorption spectra were studied both in solution and in a solid. These salts have the charge transfer band in the visible region as a result of the electronic transition from the anion to the cation. The charge transfer bands of these salts in solution are sensitive to the nature of the solvent. The charge transfer band is observed in solvents with a low polarity; this band shifts toward a shorter wavelength in solvents with a high polarity. The increase in the polarity of the solvent causes a decrease in the apparent molar extinction coefficient. The charge transfer band in the solid shifts toward a shorter wavelength compared with that in the solution. In a single crystal, the polarized absorption spectrum shows a remarkable dichroism.
The Crystal and Molecular Structure of Bromoanhydrotetrodoic Lactone Hydrobromide
Authors: Furusaki Akio , Tomiie Yujiro , Nitta Isamu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The absolute configuration of bromoanhydrotetrodoic lactone, C11H14O7N3Br, has been determined on the basis of an X-ray study of its hydrobromide. The crystals are orthorhombic, with four chemical units in a unit cell of these dimensions: a=10.88±0.04, b=15.95±0.05, and c=8.55±0.03 Å; the space group is P212121. The observations for Bijvoet inequalities were made on equi-inclination integrating Weissenberg photographs taken with CuKα radiation around the a axis. On the other hand, the calculations were carried out with the parameters at the stage of the R factor of 11.9% and with anomalous dispersion correction of −0.9 for Δf′Br and 1.5 forΔf″Br . The observed and calculated inequalities for ten pairs of reflections were all in agreement with each other, so the absolute configuration was determined without any uncertainty. In addition to the X-ray determination of the absolute configuration mentioned above, the present paper will describe the details of the crystal and molecular structure.
The π-Electronic Structures of Five-membered Heterocycles Containing Two or Three Heteroatoms and Their Benzo-derivatives
Authors: Kamiya Mamoru 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The semiempirical Pariser-Parr-Pople SCF method combined with configuration-interaction has been applied for calculation of the electronic spectrum, ionization potential and electron affinity, π-electron distribution and total π-energy of such heterocycles as oxazole, isoxazole, oxadiazoles, imidazole, pyrazole, triazoles and their monobenzo-derivatives, and the theoretical results have been compared with the available spectral data and miscellaneous chemical properties including the position-dependency on substitution reactions, novel photochemical isomerization of several compounds and so forth.
The Diffuse Reflection Spectra of 1-Arylazo-2-naphthols Diluted with Sodium Chloride
Authors: Dehari Chihiro , Matsunaga Yoshio , Tani Kensuke 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The diffuse reflection spectra of sixteen 1-arylazo-2-naphthols diluted with sodium chloride were measured at concentrations of 1, 0.1, and 0.01% in the range from 350 to 700 mμ. The spectra indicate the coexistence of the azo and hydrazone tautomers in this solid, two-component system. Moreover, the spectra were found to be markedly modified in many cases by elevating the temperature, especially at a concentration of 0.01%. These changes were shown to be thermally reversible and were attributed to the movement of the tautomeric equilibrium. The direction depends upon the kind and position of the substituents, e.g., towards the hydrazone tautomer in the case of the p-Cl and o-NO2 derivatives and towards the azo tautomer in the case of the p-NO2 and o-OH derivatives. It was suggested that the present systems are not simple mixtures of pulverized 1-arylazo-2-naphthols and sodium chloride, but that some fraction of the organic components is well dispersed and adsorbed on the highly polar surface of the alkali halide.