bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermal conductivity of homogeneous alignment networks formed with mono‐ and bi‐functional polymerizable liquid crystals
Authors: Kato Takashi , Nakamura Takashi , Agari Yasuyuki , Ochi Mitsukazu 
Published: March 2007

AbstractMixtures consisting of mono‐functional polymerizable liquid crystals (PLC) having a polymerizable moiety on the molecular short axis terminal and a bi‐functional PLC having the polymerizable moieties on the molecular long axis terminals were prepared. These mixtures had a wide liquid crystal range. Uniaxially aligned films were prepared from the PLC mixtures by photo polymerization after aligning the molecular directions by the rubbing method. The thermal conductivity of the films increased from 0.45 to 0.68 W/m · K with the increase ofthe content of the bi‐functional PLC. The relation between the thermal conductivity and the PLC network styles was investigated from the aspect of the molecular order. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2007
Influence of silica loading on the mechanical properties and resistance to oil and thermal aging of CR/NR blends
Authors: Sae‐oui Pongdhorn , Sirisinha Chakrit , Wantana Thanandon , Hatthapanit Kannika 
Published: March 2007

AbstractBlends of 75/25 chloroprene rubber(CR)/natural rubber (NR) filled with various loadings of precipitated silica were prepared and their processability and mechanical properties as well as their resistance to thermal aging and oil were determined. The blend morphology was also studied using the atomic force microscopy technique. The results reveal that the mixing energy and the Mooney viscosity of the compound are increased continuously with increasing silica loading. It is also found that both scorch and optimum curing times are shortened while the total crosslink density is increased with increasing silica loading. The positive effect on cure could be explained by the chemical reaction between the allylic chlorine atom of CR and the silanol group on silica surface. The tensile strength, modulus, and hardness of the blend vulcanizate are noticeably improved while the compression set at elevated temperature is impaired with increasing silica loading. The results also reveal that both thermal aging resistance and oil resistance of the blend vulcanizates, as represented by the relative properties, are enhanced with the addition of silica. The resistance enhancement is believed to arise from the combination of the dilution effect, the increased crosslink density and also the reduction of NR dispersed phase size. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2007
The american college of rheumatology 1991 revised criteria for the classification of global functional status in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Hochberg Marc C. , Chang Rowland W. , Dwosh Isaac , Lindsey Stephen , Pincus Theodore , Wolfe Frederick 
Published: March 2007

AbstractObjective. To develop and validate revised criteria for global functional status in rheumatoid arthritis (RA(.Methods. Revised criteria were formulated and tested for criterion and discriminant validity in 325 patients with RA.Results. The revised criteria developed are as follows: class I = able to perform usual activities of daily living (self‐care, vocational, and avocational); class II = able to perform usual self‐care and vocational activities, but limited in avocational activities; class III = able to perform usual self‐care activities but limited in vocational and avocational activities; class IV = limited in ability to perform usual self‐care, vocational, and avocational activities. Usual self‐care activities include dressing, feeding, bathing, grooming, and toileting; vocational and avocational activities are both patient‐desired and age‐, and sex‐specific. The distribution properties of this classification schema were superior to those of the original Steinbrocker criteria. Mean Health Assessment Questionnaire scores were significantly (P < 0.0001) different between, and increased across, the 4 classes.Conclusion. Although there are limitations inherent in the use of global ordinal scales, the American College of Rheumatology revised criteria will be useful in describing the functional consequences of RA. A more detailed quantitative measure of physical disability should be used, however, for optimal monitoring of patients' clinical status in office practice and clinical research.
HLA antigens in north american patients with takayasu arteritis
Authors: Khraishi Majed M. , Gladman Dafna D. , Dagenais Pierre , Fam Adel G. , Keystone Edward C. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractObjective. To determine the frequency of HLA class I and II antigens in Caucasian North American patients with Takayasu arteritis (TA).Methods. Seventy‐three class I antigens and 13 class II antigens were examined in 21 Caucasian North American patients with TA, and their frequencies were compared with findings in 243 healthy, untreated controls. HLA typing was performed by microlymphocytotoxicity assay.Results. We found no statistically significant positive association of TA with DR2, DR4, DQw3, or any of the other class I or class II antigens studied. A negative association between TA and DR1 was noted. There was no significant association between any of the HLA antigens and the severity of the disease or the presence of complications.Conclusion. The negative association between TA and the DR1 antigen suggests that this antigen may be protective against the development of the disease.
Hereditary dysfunction of the third component of complement associated with a systemic lupus erythematosus‐like syndrome and meningococcal meningitis
Authors: Nilsson Ulf R. , Nilsson Bo , Storm Karl‐Erik , Sjölin‐Forsberg Gunilla , Hällgren Roger 
Published: March 2007

AbstractObjective. We describe a dysfunction of C3 in a patient with a systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)‐like syndrome. Alternative pathway complement function was absent, but classical pathway complement function was partially intact.Methods. We used functional, preparative, and immunochemical techniques in the study.Results. The patient's C3 proved normally susceptible to trypsin proteolysis and partially resistant to classical pathway, but completely resistant to alternative pathway, convertase‐dependent cleavage.Conclusion. The dysfunction, thus, was caused by a failure of C3 to interact with the C3 convertases, rather than by a lack of a proteinase‐sensitive cleavage site in the deficient protein.
Random‐coefficients hidden‐Markov Poisson regression models for inferring a competitor's promotion strategy
Authors: Ledolter Johannes 
Published: March 2007

AbstractIn this paper we consider the case of a drug manufacturer who has physician‐level information on the prescription volume for its own brand and its competitor, has complete physician‐level data on its own free‐sampling plan, but has only sparse data on the competitor's promotion strategy. We investigate whether one is able to predict the competitor's promotion strategy from such limited data. We treat the competitor's promotion as a latent (unobservable) event, and propose a hidden Markov model (HMM) to describe its progression over time. Analysis of actual and simulated data shows that the HMM improves our ability to infer the missing promotion event if promotions are serially correlated. A simpler model assuming that the probability of transition from one sampling state to the other is independent of the current state is adequate if the serial correlation among promotions is weak. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Western blot analysis to illustrate relative control levels of the lac and ara promoters in Escherichia coli
Authors: Nielsen Brent L. , Willis Van C. , Lin Chin‐Yo 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe lactose operon and its control is a fundamental transcriptional regulatory concept presented in introductory and many advanced molecular biology courses. Much is known about the positive and negative control mechanisms that govern levels of expression of this operon. One basic principle that is taught about the lac operon is that it is “leaky,” meaning that the transcriptional control of the operon is not 100% efficient and that in wild‐type cells, transcription from the promoter is never completely “off,” but there is always some basal transcription. In contrast, the arabinose operon is often used as an example of a tightly controlled operon, and transcription from the ara promoter is very low in the absence of inducer. The relative levels of control of these two operons can be illustrated using Western blots of proteins expressed in the presence and absence of the appropriate inducers and antibodies against the gene products. Different times of growth and the addition of inducer can also be examined. The results are very dramatic and help to reinforce the principles of promoter control.
Coupled reactions versus connected reactions: Coupling concepts with terms
Authors: Aledo Juan Carlos 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA hallmark of living matter is its ability to extract and transform energy from the environment. Not surprisingly, biology students are required to take thermodynamics. The necessity of coupling exergonic reactions to endergonic processes is easily grasped by most undergraduate students. However, when addressing the thermodynamic concept of coupled reactions, both students and textbook authors often make claims that clash with the Second Law of Thermodynamics. Herein, I point out the most common flaws, analyze the causes leading to these mistakes, and suggest a few rules to avoid them.
Developmental origin and identity of song system neurons born during vocal learning in songbirds
Authors: Scott Benjamin B. , Lois Carlos 
Published: March 2007

AbstractNew neurons are added to the forebrain song control regions high vocal center (HVC) and Area X of juvenile songbirds but the identity and site of origin of these cells have not been fully characterized. We used oncoretroviral vectors to genetically label neuronal progenitors in different regions of the zebra finch lateral ventricle. A region corresponding to the mammalian medial and lateral ganglionic eminences generated medium spiny neurons found in Area X and in the striatum surrounding Area X, and at least two classes of interneurons found in HVC. In addition, our experiments indicate that the HVC projection neurons that project into nucleus robust nucleus of the arcopallium (RA) are born locally from the ventricular region immediately dorsal to HVC. The ability to genetically target neuron subpopulations that give rise to different song system cell types provides a tool for specific genetic manipulations of these cell types. In addition, our results suggest striking similarities between neurogenesis in the embryonic mammalian brain and in the brain of the juvenile songbird and provide further evidence for the existence of conserved cell types in the forebrain for birds and mammals. J. Comp. Neurol. 502:202–214, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Modification of classical neurochemical markers in identified primary afferent neurons with Aβ‐, Aδ‐, and C‐fibers after chronic constriction injury in mice
Authors: Ruscheweyh Ruth , Forsthuber Liesbeth , Schoffnegger Doris , Sandkühler Jürgen 
Published: March 2007

AbstractIt is functionally important to differentiate between primary afferent neurons with A‐fibers, which are nociceptive or nonnociceptive, and C‐fibers, which are mainly nociceptive. Neurochemical markers such as neurofilament 200 (NF200), substance P (SP), and isolectin B4 (IB4) have been useful to distinguish between A‐ and C‐fiber neurons. However, the expression patterns of these markers change after peripheral nerve injury, so that it is not clear whether they still distinguish between fiber types in models of neuropathic pain. We identified neurons with Aβ‐, Aδ‐, and C‐fibers by their conduction velocity (corrected for utilization time) in dorsal root ganglia taken from mice after a chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve and control mice, and later stained them for IB4, SP, calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP), NF200, and neuropeptide Y (NPY). NF200 remained a good marker for A‐fiber neurons, and IB4 and SP remained good markers for C‐fiber neurons after CCI. NPY was absent in controls but was expressed in A‐fiber neurons after CCI. After CCI, a group of C‐fiber neurons emerged that expressed none of the tested markers. The size distribution of the markers was investigated in larger samples of unidentified dorsal root ganglion neurons and, together with the results from the identified neurons, provided only limited evidence for the expression of SP in Aβ‐fiber neurons after CCI. The extent of up‐regulation of NPY showed a strong inverse correlation with the degree of heat hyperalgesia. J. Comp. Neurol. 502:325–336, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Reactive plasticity in the dentate gyrus following bilateral entorhinal cortex lesions in cynomolgus monkeys
Authors: Shamy Jul Lea , Buckmaster Cindy A. , Amaral David G. , Calhoun Michael E. , Rapp Peter R. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractHippocampal structural plasticity induced by entorhinal cortex (EC) lesions has been studied extensively in the rat, but little comparable research has been conducted in primates. In the current study we assessed the long‐term effects of bilateral aspiration lesions of the EC on multiple markers of circuit organization in the hippocampal dentate gyrus of young adult monkeys (Macaca fascicularis). Alternate histological sections were processed for the visualization of somatostatin and vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT) immunoreactivity and acetylcholinesterase histochemistry (AChE). The markers revealed the distinct laminar organization of dentate gyrus circuitry for stereology‐based morphometric quantification. Consistent with findings in rats, the volume of the somatostatin‐immunopositive outer molecular layer (OML), innervated by projections from the EC, was decreased by 42% relative to control values. The inner molecular layer (IML) displayed a corresponding volumetric expansion in response to denervation of the OML as measured by AChE staining, but not when visualized for quantification by VAChT immunoreactivity. Nonetheless, stereological estimation revealed a 36% increase in the total length of VAChT‐positive cholinergic fibers in the IML after EC damage, along with no change in the OML. Together, these findings suggest that despite substantial species differences in the organization of hippocampal circuitry, the capacity for reactive plasticity following EC damage, previously documented in rats, is at least partly conserved in the primate dentate gyrus. J. Comp. Neurol. 500:192–201, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Compositional variation in 0.65 PbMg2/3Nb1/3O3 ‐0.35 PbTiO3 single crystals grown by high temperature solution growth technique
Authors: Bhaumik I. , Singh G. , Ganesamoorthy S. , Karnal A. K. , Tiwari M. K. , Tiwari V. S. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractSingle crystals of lead magnesium niobate titanate, 0.65 PbMg2/3Nb1/3O3 (PMN) ‐0.35PbTiO3 (PT) were grown using flux method near morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) composition. The crystals grown at the centre of the platinum crucible were found to PT deficient compared to those grown near the walls of the crucibles. A variation of ∼3.8 mol% in PT concentration was found in the crystals grown at the wall and at the centre of the crucible. The difference in the chemical composition of crystals grown at the centre and the near the wall of the crucible was observed by X‐ray diffraction, EDXRF, dielectric and thermal measurements. The presence of PT rich and deficient crystals is explained in terms of the segregation coefficient of PT in PMN. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
On a trie partitioning algorithm for power‐efficient TCAMs
Authors: Lu Haibin 
Published: March 2007

AbstractInternet routers conduct routing table (RT) lookup based on the destination IP address of the incoming packet to decide which output port to forward the packet. Ternary content‐addressible memories (TCAM) uses parallelism to achieve lookup in a single cycle. One of the major drawbacks of TCAM is its high‐power consumption. Trie‐based architecture has been proposed to reduce TCAM power consumption. The idea is to use an index TCAM to select one of many data TCAM blocks for lookup. However, power reduction is limited by the size of the index TCAM, which is always enabled for search. In this paper we develop a simple but effective trie‐partitioning algorithm to reduce the index TCAM size, which achieves better reduction in power consumption, and at the same time guarantees full TCAM space utilization. We compared our algorithm (LogSplit) with PostOrderSplit (IEEE INFOCOM, 2003). For two real‐world RTs (AADS and PAIX), the size of the index TCAM generated by LogSplit is 55–70% of that generated by PostOrderSplit; the largest power reduction factor of LogSplit is 41 for AADS and 68 for PAIX, while the largest power reduction factor of PostOrderSplit is 33 for AADS and 52 for PAIX. The improvement is even more significant in the worst case: the size of the index TCAM generated by LogSplit is 18–30% of that generated by PostOrderSplit for IPv4, and less than 1% of that generated by PostOrderSplit for IPv6; the largest power reduction factor of LogSplit is 173 for both IPv4 and IPv6, while the largest power reduction factor of PostOrderSplit is only 82 for IPv4 and 41 for IPv6. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multifold node authentication in mobilead hocnetworks
Authors: Komninos Nikos , Vergados Dimitrios D. , Douligeris Christos 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAnad hocnetwork is a collection of nodes that do not need to rely on a predefined infrastructure to keep the network connected. Nodes communicate amongst each other using wireless radios and operate by following a peer‐to‐peer network model. In this article, we propose a multifold node authentication approach for protecting mobilead hocnetworks. The security requirements for protecting data link and network layers are identified and the design criteria for creating securead hocnetworks using multiple authentication protocols are analysed. Such protocols, which are based on zero‐knowledge and challenge‐response techniques, are presented through proofs and simulation results. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mice with GFAP‐targeted loss of neurofibromin demonstrate increased axonal MET expression with aging
Authors: Su Weiping , Xing Rubing , Guha Abhijit , Gutmann David H. , Sherman Larry S. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractNeurofibromatosis 1 (NF1) is a common genetic disease that predisposes patients to peripheral nerve tumors and central nervous system (CNS) abnormalities including low‐grade astrocytomas and cognitive disabilities. Using mice with glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)‐targeted Nf1 loss (Nf1GFAPCKO mice), we found that Nf1−/− astrocytes proliferate faster and are more invasive than wild‐type astrocytes. In light of our previous finding that aberrant expression of the MET receptor tyrosine kinase contributes to the invasiveness of human NF1‐associated malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors, we sought to determine whether MET expression is aberrant in the brains of Nf1 mutant mice. We found that Nf1−/− astrocytes express slightly more MET than wild‐type cells in vitro, but do not express elevated MET in situ. However, fiber tracts containing myelinated axons in the hippocampus, midbrain, cerebral cortex, and cerebellum express higher than normal levels of MET in older (≥6 months) Nf1GFAPCKO mice. Both Nf1GFAPCKO and wild‐type astrocytes induced MET expression in neurites of wild‐type hippocampal neurons in vitro, suggesting that astrocyte‐derived signals may induce MET in Nf1 mutant mice. Because the Nf1 gene product functions as a RAS GTPase, we examined MET expression in the brains of mice with GFAP‐targeted constitutively active forms of RAS. MET was elevated in axonal fiber tracts in mice with active K‐RAS but not H‐RAS. Collectively, these data suggest that loss of Nf1 in either astrocytes or GFAP+ neural progenitor cells results in increased axonal MET expression, which may contribute to the CNS abnormalities in children and adults with NF1. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Adenosine receptors in colon carcinoma tissues and colon tumoral cell lines: Focus on the A3adenosine subtype
Authors: Gessi Stefania , Merighi Stefania , Varani Katia , Cattabriga Elena , Benini Annalisa , Mirandola Prisco , Leung Edward , Mac Lennan Stephen , Feo Carlo , Baraldi Stefania , Borea Pier Andrea 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAdenosine may affect several pathophysiological processes, including cellular proliferation, through interaction with A1, A2A, A2B, and A3receptors. In this study we characterized adenosine receptors in human colon cancer tissues and in colon cancer cell lines Caco2, DLD1, HT29. mRNA of all adenosine subtypes was detected in cancer tissues and cell lines. At a protein levels low amount of A1, A2A, and A2Breceptors were detected, whilst the A3was the most abundant subtype in both cancer tissues and cells, with a pharmacological profile typical of the A3subtype. All the receptors were coupled to stimulation/inhibition of adenylyl‐cyclase in cancer cells, with the exception of A1subtype. Adenosine increased cell proliferation with an EC50of 3–12 µM in cancer cells. This effect was not essentially reduced by adenosine receptor antagonists. However dypiridamol, an adenosine transport inhibitor, increased the stimulatory effect induced by adenosine, suggesting an action at the cell surface. Addition of adenosine deaminase makes the A3agonist 2‐chloro‐N6‐(3‐iodobenzyl)‐N‐methyl‐5′‐carbamoyladenosine (Cl‐IB‐MECA) able to stimulate cell proliferation with an EC50of 0.5–0.9 nM in cancer cells, suggesting a tonic proliferative effect induced by endogenous adenosine. This effect was antagonized by 5‐N‐(4‐methoxyphenyl‐carbamoyl)amino‐8‐propyl‐2(2furyl)‐pyrazolo‐[4,3e]‐1,2,4‐triazolo [1,5‐c] pyrimidine (MRE 3008F20) 10 nM. Cl‐IB‐MECA‐stimulated cell proliferation involved extracellular‐signal‐regulated‐kinases (ERK1/2) pathway, as demonstrated by reduction of proliferation with 1,4‐diamino‐2,3‐dicyano‐1,4‐bis‐[2‐amino‐phenylthio]‐butadiene (U0126) and by ERK1/2 phosphorylation. In conclusion this study indicates for the first time that in colon cancer cell lines endogenous adenosine, through the interaction with A3receptors, mediates a tonic proliferative effect. J. Cell. Physiol. 211: 826–836, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.