bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The long-term results of press-fit cemented stems in total knee prostheses
Authors: Langlais F. , Belot N. , Ropars M. , Lambotte J. C. , Thomazeau H. 
Published: July 2006

We evaluated the long-term fixation of 64 press-fit cemented stems of constrained total knee prostheses in 32 young patients with primary malignant bone tumours. Initial stable fixation, especially in rotation, was achieved by precise fit of the stem into the reamed endosteum, before cementation. Complementary fixation, especially in migration and rotation, was obtained by pressurised antibiotic-loaded cement. The mean age at operation was 33 years (13 to 61). No patient was lost to follow-up; 13 patients died and the 19 survivors were examined at a mean follow-up of 12.5 years (4 to 21). Standard revision press-fit cemented stems were used on the side of the joint which was not involved with tumour (26 tibial and six femoral), on this side there was no loosening or osteolysis and stem survival was 100%. On the reconstruction side, custom-made press-fit stems were used and the survival rate, with any cause for revision as an end point, was 88%, but 97% for loosening or osteolysis. This longevity is similar to that achieved at 20 years with the Charnley-Kerboull primary total hip replacement with press-fit cemented femoral components. We recommend this type of fixation when extensive reconstruction of the knee is required. It may also be suitable for older patients requiring revision of a total knee replacement or in difficult situations such as severe deformity and complex articular fractures.
Adiponectin, Adipocyte Fatty Acid Binding Protein, and Epidermal Fatty Acid Binding Protein: Proteins Newly Identified in Human Breast Milk
Authors: Bronský Jiří , Karpíšek Michal , Bronská Eva , Pechová Marta , Jančíková Barbora , Kotolová Hana , Stejskal David , Průša Richard , Nevoral Jiří 
Published: July 2006

AbstractBackground: Breastfeeding may protect children from developing metabolic syndrome and other diseases later in life. We investigated novel proteins in human breast milk that might play a role in this process.Methods: We used ELISA to measure adiponectin, adipocyte and epidermal fatty acid binding proteins (AFABP, EFABP), and leptin concentrations in human breast milk obtained from 59 mothers 48 h after initiation of lactation. Using a questionnaire and medical records, we collected information about the mothers and newborns.Results: Mean (SE) adiponectin concentrations in breast milk were 13.7 (0.8), range 3.9–30.4 μg/L; AFABP concentrations 26.7 (4.4), range 1.2–137.0 μg/L; EFABP concentrations 18.1 (1.4), range 0.8–47.0 μg/L; and leptin concentrations 0.50 (0.05), range 0–1.37 μg/L. We found a significant correlation between AFABP and EFABP concentrations (r = 0.593, P &lt;0.0001). Maternal EFABP concentrations were significantly higher in mothers who delivered boys than in those who delivered girls [21.7 (2.3) vs 15.4 (1.7) μg/L, P = 0.028] and correlated with newborn birth weight (r = 0.266, P = 0.045). Maternal leptin correlated with body weight before pregnancy (r = 0.272, P = 0.043) and at delivery (r = 0.370, P = 0.005), body mass index before pregnancy (r = 0.397, P = 0.003) and at delivery (r = 0.498, P &lt;0.0001), body weight gain during pregnancy (r = 0.267, P = 0.047), and newborn gestational age (r = 0.266, P = 0.048). Leptin was significantly lower in mothers who delivered preterm vs term babies [0.30 (0.09) vs 0.60 (0.05) ug/L, P = 0.026].Conclusions: Concentrations of adiponectin, AFABP, and EFABP in human breast milk are related to nutritional variables of mothers and newborns and thus may play a role in the protective effects of breastfeeding.
Lp-PLA2: A New Kid on the Block
Authors: Zalewski Andrew , Nelson Jeanenne J , Hegg Lisa , Macphee Colin 
Published: July 2006

AbstractBackground: Atherosclerosis is a systemic disease with focal rupture of vulnerable plaque responsible for major clinical events. Several population-based studies indicate an association between lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) and cardiovascular events. Lp-PLA2 is emerging as a biomarker that may be a potential link between oxidized LDL cholesterol and multifocal plaque vulnerability.Content: Lp-PLA2 is produced by inflammatory cells of myeloid origin, is associated with circulating atherogenic lipoproteins (e.g., LDL), and is highly expressed in vulnerable plaques (de novo expression). Specificity of Lp-PLA2 toward polar phospholipids in oxidized LDL may contribute to the formation of downstream products (e.g., lysophosphatidylcholine and nonesterified fatty acids) that mediate processes intimately involved in plaque vulnerability in situ, including proinflammatory cell phenotype and macrophage death. Recent studies in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) demonstrate that Lp-PLA2 and LDL measurements are not useful to assess the long-term cardiovascular risk shortly after the acute event, most likely because of the acute drop in LDL values that is commonly observed in ACS. However, when measured at later time points, Lp-PLA2 emerges as an independent predictor of the long-term cardiovascular risk, according to multivariate analysis.Summary: Lp-PLA2 is an intriguing marker of cardiovascular risk and may also be a marker of plaque activity/vulnerability. Despite these findings, unanswered questions still exist with respect to this enzyme and its biologic role in atherosclerosis. Addressing these questions will help clarify the clinical utility of measuring Lp-PLA2 in routine clinical practice in the context of other approaches for identifying high-risk patients.
Genetic Polymorphisms of Hemostasis Genes and Primary Outcome of Very Low Birth Weight Infants
Authors: Härtel Christoph , König Inke , Köster Stefan , Kattner Evelyn , Kuhls Eckhardt , Küster Helmut , Möller Jens , Müller Dirk , Kribs Angela , Segerer Hugo , Wieg Christian , Herting Egbert , Göpel Wolfgang 
Published: August 2006

BACKGROUND. Recent investigations have reported an influence of thrombophilic mutations and antithrombotic risk factors with development of intraventricular hemorrhage. It was our objective for this study to investigate the impact of genetic polymorphisms of hemostasis genes on the primary outcome measures of sepsis, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, intraventricular hemorrhage, and periventricular leukomalacia in a large cohort of very low birth weight infants.
METHODS. There were 586 very low birth weight infants enrolled prospectively in a multicenter trial between September 2003 and July 2005, and an additional 595 very low birth weight infants, who had been recruited in a previous prospective trial, were studied. DNA samples were taken by buccal swab, and genotypes of factor V Leiden mutation, prothrombin G20210A mutation, the factor VII-323 del/ins polymorphism, and the factor XIII-Val34Leu polymorphisms were determined by polymerase chain reaction and restriction enzyme digestion.
RESULTS. In contrast to data published previously, the frequency of intraventricular hemorrhage or periventricular leukomalacia was not significantly influenced by any of the genetic variants tested. Carriers of the factor XIII-Val34Leu polymorphism, however, had a higher sepsis rate and a longer period of hospital care compared with noncarriers. The factor VII-323 del/ins polymorphism was found to be a potential protective factor against bronchopulmonary dysplasia.
CONCLUSIONS. We could not confirm previously reported associations of hemostasis gene variants and development of intraventricular hemorrhage in very low birth weight infants. To better understand gene-disease associations in very low birth weight infants, the prospective development of large-scale cohorts with well-defined phenotypes and corresponding DNA samples is essential.
Treatment of Vesicoureteral Reflux Using Endoscopic Injection of Nonanimal Stabilized Hyaluronic Acid/Dextranomer Gel: Initial Experience in Pediatric Patients by a Single Surgeon
Authors: Yu Richard N. , Roth David R. 
Published: August 2006

OBJECTIVE. Endoscopic injection of nonanimal stabilized hyaluronic acid/dextranomer gel is an increasingly recognized treatment option for vesicoureteral reflux. The procedure is minor compared with open surgery and, when successful, avoids the need for long-term antibiotic prophylaxis. We present data from our first 18 months using nonanimal stabilized hyaluronic acid/dextranomer gel to treat children with vesicoureteral reflux.PATIENTS AND METHODS. Pediatric patients aged ≤15 years with uncomplicated primary vesicoureteral reflux were recruited for endoscopic treatment with nonanimal stabilized hyaluronic acid/dextranomer gel. A follow-up voiding cystourethrogram was scheduled at ≥2 weeks after treatment, and vesicoureteral reflux resolution was defined as grade 0. Repeat nonanimal stabilized hyaluronic acid/dextranomer gel treatment was offered to patients with persistent vesicoureteral reflux.RESULTS. Of 120 patients treated, 6 were lost to follow-up, and 7 were yet to undergo posttreatment voiding cystourethrogram. The 107 remaining patients (efficacy population) had a mean age of 4.1 years (range: 0.5–15.0), and the median reflux grade was 2 (range: 1–5). The mean time to follow-up voiding cystourethrogram was 9.7 weeks (range: 2–26). Vesicoureteral reflux was resolved in 82.2% of patients and 86.9% of ureters after initial endoscopic treatment with nonanimal stabilized hyaluronic acid/dextranomer gel. The overall reflux resolution rate for patients increased to 90.7% after a second treatment in 14 patients. Two patients reported postoperative flank pain, although this was mild and transient in nature. No other adverse events were reported. No patients underwent open surgery for vesicoureteral reflux.CONCLUSIONS. Endoscopic treatment with nonanimal stabilized hyaluronic acid/dextranomer gel is effective in a high proportion of children with vesicoureteral reflux and, in our opinion, may be considered as a first-line treatment option.
The Induction and Possible Subsequent Effect of Human Antibodies Against Porcine Enamel Matrix Derivative
Authors: Yuan Kuo , Hsu Chia‐Wen , Tsai Wan‐Hua 
Published: August 2006

Background: The amino acid sequence of porcine amelogenin, the major component of enamel matrix derivative (EMD), is ∼91% identical to that of its human counterpart. Whether porcine EMD (pEMD) can elicit neutralizing antibodies after the first surgery, thereby reducing the clinical effect of secondary surgery, has not been established.Methods: The sera of patients receiving periodontal surgery with or without pEMD were collected before and after surgery. The pEMD product was subjected to electrophoresis and transferred for a Western blot using the purified antibodies from patients as the primary antibodies. To clarify whether the antibodies in patients could inhibit the production of transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1), we added different amounts of purified antibodies from pEMD patients (before versus after surgery) into the cell cultures of periodontal ligament fibroblasts. The conditioned media were then collected for an immunoassay of TGF‐β1.Results: The result of the Western blot demonstrated that human antibodies against pEMD were elicited 10 days after surgery. Using mass spectrometry, a non‐specific band on the Western blot appeared to be porcine immunoglobulin G (IgG). The results of the immunoassay showed the antibodies from pEMD‐treated patients did not hinder the subsequent production of TGF‐β1.Conclusions: The pEMD product was contaminated with porcine IgG. The application of the product could induce antibodies against different isoforms of porcine amelogenin in humans. However, the increased antibodies did not hinder the production of TGF‐β1, one of the established in vitro functions of pEMD on periodontal ligament fibroblasts.
Promoting Social Inclusion in Schools: A Group-Randomized Trial of Effects on Student Health Risk Behavior and Well-Being
Authors: Patton George C. , Bond Lyndal , Carlin John B. , Thomas Lyndal , Butler Helen , Glover Sara , Catalano Richard , Bowes Glenn 
Published: July 2006

Objectives. We sought to test the efficacy of an intervention that was designed to promote social inclusion and commitment to education, in reducing among students health risk behaviors and improving emotional well-being. Methods. The design was a cluster-randomized trial in 25 secondary schools in Victoria, Australia. The subjects were 8th-grade students (aged 13 to 14 y) in 1997 (n=2545) and subsequent 8th-grade students in 1999 (n=2586) and 2001 (n=2463). The main outcomes were recent substance use, antisocial behavior, initiation of sexual intercourse, and depressive symptoms. Results. At 4-year follow-up, the prevalence of marked health risk behaviors was approximately 20% in schools in the comparison group and 15% in schools in the intervention group, an overall reduction of 25%. In ordinal logistic regression models a protective effect of intervention was found for a composite measure of health risk behaviors in unadjusted models (odds ratio [OR]= 0.69; 95% confidence interval [CI]= 0.50, 0.95) and adjusted models (OR= 0.71; CI =0.52, 0.97) for potential confounders. There was no evidence of a reduction in depressive symptoms. Conclusion. The study provides support for prevention strategies in schools that move beyond health education to promoting positive social environments.
Community-Based Participatory Research: Conducting a Formative Assessment of Factors that Influence Youth Wellness in the Hualapai Community
Authors: Teufel-Shone Nicolette I. , Siyuja Thomas , Watahomigie Helen J , Irwin Sandra 
Published: July 2006

Objectives. Using a community-based participatory research approach, a tribe–university team conducted a formative assessment of local factors that influence youth wellness to guide the design of a culturally and locally relevant health promotion program. Methods. Open-ended interviews with key informants, a school self-assessment using the Centers for Disease Control’s School Health Index, and a locally generated environmental inventory provided data that were triangulated to yield a composite of influential factors and perceived need within the community. Results. Family involvement and personal goal setting were identified as key to youth wellness. Supportive programs were described as having consistent adult leadership, structured activities, and a positive local and regional image. Availability of illicit drugs and alcohol, poor teacher attitude, and lack of adult involvement were significant negative factors that impact youth behavior. Conclusions. Local/native (emic) and university/nonnative (etic) perspectives and abilities can be combined to yield a culturally relevant formative assessment that is useful to public health planning. In this collaborative effort, standard means of data collection and analysis were modified in some cases to enhance and build upon the knowledge and skills of community researchers.
Availability of Physical Activity–Related Facilities and Neighborhood Demographic and Socioeconomic Characteristics: A National Study
Authors: Powell Lisa M. , Slater Sandy , Chaloupka Frank J. , Harper Deborah 
Published: July 2006

Objectives. We examined associations between neighborhood demographic characteristics and the availability of commercial physical activity–related outlets by zip code across the United States. Methods. Multivariate analyses were conducted to assess the availability of 4 types of outlets: (1) physical fitness facilities, (2) membership sports and recreation clubs, (3) dance facilities, and (4) public golf courses. Commercial outlet data were linked by zip code to US Census Bureau population and socioeconomic data. Results. Results showed that commercial physical activity–related facilities were less likely to be present in lower-income neighborhoods and in neighborhoods with higher proportions of African American residents, residents with His-panic ethnicity, and residents of other racial minority backgrounds. In addition, these neighborhoods had fewer such facilities available. Conclusions. Lack of availability of facilities that enable and promote physical activity may, in part, underpin the lower levels of activity observed among populations of low socioeconomic status and minority backgrounds.
Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behaviors of Youths in the US Hemophilia Population: Results of a National Survey
Authors: Nazzaro Ann-Marie , Owens Sally , Hoots W. Keith , Larson Kelly L. 
Published: July 2006

Objectives. The National Hemophilia Foundation and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention conducted a national survey focusing on knowledge about, attitudes toward, and behaviors associated with key prevention activities among youths with hemophilia and used the data gathered to design a health promotion campaign. Methods. A national, random sample of 459 patients was drawn from 20 hemophilia treatment centers and 8 hemophilia associations; 110 (24%) of the respondents were young people. A telephone questionnaire was used to measure knowledge, behaviors, and barriers to prevention. Results. Thirty-six percent of the youth respondents believed that joint disease cannot be prevented; 60% managed hemophilia by avoiding physical activity. Only 31% of the respondents treated bleeding episodes within 1 hour. Although hepatitis was a clear threat to this hemophilic cohort, 78% did now know transmission routes for hepatitis C, and 67% did not know transmission routes for hepatitis B. Conclusions. Young people with chronic disorders need help understanding that they can prevent complications. We identified key messages for a hemophilia prevention campaign, including exercising to ensure healthy joints and treating bleeding episodes early and adequately.
Proximity of Licensed Child Care Facilities to Near-Roadway Vehicle Pollution
Authors: Houston Douglas , Ong Paul , Wu Jun , Winer Arthur 
Published: July 2006

Objectives. We assessed child care facilities’ proximity to heavily traveled roadways in an attempt to estimate the extent of potential exposure of young children to vehicle-related pollution in this understudied microenvironment. Methods. We examined approximately 24 000 licensed child care facilities in California located within 200 m of heavily traveled roadways. Results. Approximately 57000 of the available slots in California child care centers (7% of the overall capacity) are in facilities located within 200 m (650 ft) of roadways averaging 50000 or more vehicles per day, and another 172000 (21%) are in facilities located within 200 m of roadways averaging 25 000 to 49 000 vehicles per day. Facilities providing care to infants or preschool-aged children and facilities located in disadvantaged areas were more often situated in medium-or high-traffic areas. Conclusions. Additional research is needed to further clarify the significance of the child care microenvironment in terms of potential childhood exposures to vehicle-related pollutants. Design strategies, notification standards, and distance-based siting restrictions should be considered in the facility licensing process and in land use and transportation planning.
Sexual Segregation in White-Tailed Deer: Density-Dependent Changes in Use of Space, Habitat Selection, and Dietary Niche
Authors: Kie John G. , Bowyer R. Terry 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Sexual segregation, defined as the exclusive use of different areas by males and females at specified spatial and temporal scales, is common among polygynous ruminants and in cervids in particular. Underlying mechanisms for such segregation are not understood fully, and reports have included female cervids segregating into habitats of both poorer and better quality than those used by males. Furthermore, two competing hypotheses of sexual segregation (body-size hypothesis, reproductive-strategy hypothesis) predict different responses to changes in population density; an increase in degree of sexual segregation with increasing density in the former and a decrease in segregation in the latter. We examined patterns of sexual segregation among white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) on the Welder Wildlife Refuge in south Texas at moderate (39 deer/km2) and high (77 deer/km2) population densities during 1974–1977. At moderate density, females with young made greater use of chaparral-mixed grass habitat with dense cover than did males, where preferred herbaceous forage was less abundant, presumably for reasons of predator avoidance. At high density, which was a result of predator control, sexual segregation among male and females decreased during all seasons (P &lt; 0.05). Males that otherwise used more open habitats increased their use of the chaparral-mixed grass as levels of intraspecific competition increased. As spatial segregation between males and females decreased at the high population density, diets of both sexes shifted toward more graminoids and browse, and shifts were more pronounced among males. The result was decreased dietary overlap between sexes when measured by principal-component analysis. Measures of fat reserves suggested that although both females and males were in poorer condition at high density, females were affected to a greater extent than were males. This outcome suggested that females were not driving patterns of spatial segregation by being better able to compete with males for closely-cropped forages. Rather, predator avoidance by females with young related to the reproductive-strategy hypothesis best explained patterns we observed, and competition between sexes was rejected as a cause of sexual segregation.
Cohort Affects Growth of Males but Not Females in Alpine Ibex (Capra ibex ibex)
Authors: Toïgo C. , Gaillard J.-M. , Michallet J. 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
We studied long-term cohort effects on chest girth and horn length in a recently established population of alpine ibex (Capra ibex ibex). Environmental conditions of the year of birth affected chest girth and first-annual increment of horns of males but did not affect chest girth and horns of females. Females compensated for a slow horn growth during their 1st year of life, whereas males did not. Level of polygyny of the species and environmental conditions experienced by the population could account for the occurrence of long-term cohort effects in male growth and its absence in female growth. Abundance of food resources throughout the study period allowed females to show compensatory growth. However, evolutionary constraints on growth that may exist in males of polygynous species may have prevented males from showing compensatory growth.