bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
So far, Central Bank Digital Currencies have failed
Authors: Dowd Kevin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis article examines the experiences of Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs) implemented so far. To date, CBDCs have been implemented in two countries (Finland and Ecuador) where they have failed and been abandoned. They have also been implemented in three Caribbean cases and in China and Nigeria; these five cases are ongoing. These experiences can be summarised as a series of abandoned experiments, embarrassing flops and monumental exercises in policymaker hubris, one of which has already produced a major disaster. In each case where data exist to assess the situation, the public demand for CBDCs has been extremely low. Experience suggests that CBDCs do not offer tangible benefits which existing alternatives cannot already deliver. One might speculate that future CBDCs will fail for similar reasons.
The hukou system and wage gap between urban and rural migrant workers in China: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Ma Xinxin , Li Yalan , Iwasaki Ichiro 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis study involved a meta‐analysis of 506 estimates extracted from 75 studies to estimate the effect size of rural household registration (hukou) on wage levels. Our meta‐synthesis results indicated that the negative effect of rural hukou on wages is statistically significant; however, the effect size remains small in terms of the partial correlation coefficient. The results of the meta‐regression analysis and test for publication selection bias indicated that the differences in the wage effect of hukou among genders, corporate ownership sectors, and periods are insignificant. We also found that publication selection bias is unlikely, and genuine evidence exists in the literature.
Review of skin grafting in equine wounds: Indications and techniques
Authors: Williams Zoë J. , Pezzanite Lynn M. , Hendrickson Dean A. 
Published: February 2024

SummarySkin grafting is a simple technique that can be performed by equine practitioners to improve cosmetic outcomes in wounds with large skin defects that would not heal functionally or cosmetically with standard wound therapy interventions. Successful skin grafting is not difficult but relies upon appropriate preparation of the wound bed and effective immobilisation of the grafted area after skin graft placement. Prior to grafting, the wound bed should be treated with a moist wound healing dressing to prepare the granulation tissue bed to receive the graft. For best results, skin grafts should be placed in wounds free of infection with healthy granulation tissue, and motion should be reduced in the graft region in the early postoperative period. When successful, skin grafts cover granulation tissue and encourage wound contraction and epithelialisation while decreasing exuberant granulation tissue resulting in a more cosmetic result. This review will advance practitioners' understanding of skin grafting in horses, including graft classification and techniques, donor site selection, recipient site preparation and postoperative management strategies to optimise graft retention and ongoing research in this field.
“A crossroads generation.” Great‐grandchildren of Holocaust survivors' perspectives on the impact of the genocide on family functioning
Authors: Olstein Justin , Sheen Jade , Reupert Andrea 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAs a cultural trauma, the Holocaust exerted negative psychological effects on many survivors, with such effects often extending to their families. Research has explored these effects with respect to the survivors' children and grandchildren, but the experiences of the next generation have yet to be canvassed. Knowledge about resilience in Holocaust survivor families is also comparatively sparse. In this exploratory study, 10 semi‐structured interviews were conducted with Australian great‐grandchildren of Holocaust survivors, garnering perspectives concerning the genocide's impact on family functioning. Six superordinate themes were identified through Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis: The experience of being raised by the third generation, honoring traumatic family histories, the need to move on, proudly identifying with the Holocaust, valuing achievement and ambition, and the importance of not taking things for granted. The findings suggest that multiple generations within survivor families grapple with the lingering negative effects of the Holocaust. Concurrently, attempting to redress these effects has the potential to benefit family dynamics and processes.
Unpacking Chinese young learners’ L2 learning motivation: Does CLIL make a difference?
Authors: Zhu Yan , Peng Bo , Shu Dingfang , Du Fangyuan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis study aimed to compare the English language learning motivation of two cohorts of Chinese primary school learners in a Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) and a non‐CLIL instructional setting. A total of 270 learners from third, fourth and fifth grades in the CLIL programme (N = 184) and the non‐CLIL programme (N = 86) participated in this study. Data were collected through a young learners’ L2 motivation questionnaire. Results indicated that CLIL learners overall displayed a significantly higher level of L2 motivation than their non‐CLIL counterparts in the Ideal L2 Self domain and L2 Learning Experience. However, students in the non‐CLIL programme overall rated themselves higher in the Ought‐to L2 Self domain. When comparing L2 motivation levels between CLIL and non‐CLIL sub‐groups in different grades, we found that the non‐CLIL subsamples’ mean motivational scores witnessed a continuous decline with the increase of grade in the scales of Ideal L2 Self, Ought‐to L2 Self and Parental Expectations. Regarding Cultural Interest and L2 Learning Experience, CLIL students in both the fourth‐ and fifth‐grade cohorts exhibited a significantly higher level of motivation than their non‐CLIL peers. This study provides empirical evidence supporting the implementation of CLIL programme as a potential strategy to boost young learners’ motivation towards L2 learning.
Impact evaluation of a new counselling and support programme for unemployed with multiple placement obstacles
Authors: Böheim René , Eppel Rainer , Mahringer Helmut 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWe analysed a new counselling and support programme for people with low employment prospects in Austria. The Austrian Public Employment Service introduced regional pilots to investigate whether a new counselling strategy could improve labour market outcomes for this group. Eligible unemployed individuals could opt for third‐party counselling and support, access a wide range of low‐threshold services, and focus on personal stability rather than job placement. The goal was to achieve similar or even better labour market outcomes at lower cost. By comparing pilot and control regions, we found that introducing the offer resulted in higher costs without improving labour market outcomes.
RETRACTED: Effect of topical application of autologous platelet gel on sternal wound infection after cardiac surgery: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Li Yifan , Wu Zhong 
Published: February 2024

AbstractFollowing heart operation, a severe life‐threatening complication has been identified by investigators who have recently discovered that local application of platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) can lower the rate of wound infection in heart surgery. Nevertheless, due to the low quality of these trials, we have tried to perform high‐quality meta‐analyses to prove the efficacy of PRP in heart surgery for post‐operative wound infections. In this study, five randomised controlled trials (RCTs) were chosen from three databases, and there were 1005 studies to analyse the data. Among 181 cases, PRP was applied to the surgical site, and 205 in the control group. Both the CI and the OR or the average difference (MD) were computed with either a fixed or random‐effect model. A meta‐analysis of the data was carried out with RevMan 5.3. The results showed that there were no statistically significant differences in the incidence of post‐operative surgical site infection (SSI) in control group compared to those treated with PRP gel (OR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.38, 2.47; p = 0.95); In the heart operation, the local application of PRP gel decreased the rate of drainage after operation (MD, −217.82; 95% CI, −335.38, −100.26; p = 0.0003); The operation time of the PRP gel was not significantly different from that of the control group (MD, 12.65; 95% CI, −2.95, 28.24; p = 0.11). Contrary to earlier research, the application of autoplatelet gel in heart surgery did not seem to decrease operative site infections after the operation, but it did decrease the amount of postoperative drainage. Nevertheless, because of the limited number of RCTs in this meta‐analysis, caution should be exercised in their treatment. More high‐quality randomised, large‐sample trials are required to further confirm the findings.
Aetiology, risk factors and treatment of typical and atypical pressure ulcers in patients with traumatic brain injury: A narrative review
Authors: Dehghani Mohammadreza , Pourmontaseri Hossein 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPressure ulcers are one of the leading complications in bedridden patients that result in multiple burdens on healthcare systems and patients (11 billion dollars/year). The prevalence of pressure ulcers in traumatic brain injury patients is 1.5‐fold compared with the other bedridden patients. Moreover, critical traumatic brain injury patients who are admitted to the intensive care unit experience severe pressure ulcers and further complications. The motor/sensory disabilities and low supplementation and oxygenation to the pressured side were the main mechanisms of the typical pressure ulcers. Intellectual evaluation is the first essential step to prevent the development of pressure ulcers in high‐risk patients. Till now, different scales, including Injury Scale Score and Braden Scale Score, have been provided to assess the pressure ulcer. Since low stages of pressure ulcers heal rapidly, traumatic brain injury patients require a periodical assessment to prevent further developments timely. Alongside different procedures provided to prevent and treat any pressure ulcer, traumatic brain injury patients required additional specific protections. For the first line, fast and efficient rehabilitation repairs motor/sensory disabilities and decreases the chance of pressure ulcer. Our review indicated that pressure ulcer in traumatic brain injury had several complex mechanisms that demand special care. Therefore, further studies are required to address these mechanisms and prevent their progression to typical and atypical pressure ulcers.
Comprehensive evaluation and screening identification indexes of heat‐resistance indices in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)
Authors: Yang Liuyan , Liu Xingke , Duan Jiahao , Du Kang , Wang Yuyao , Liang Xingjia , Liu Yang , Hu Wei , Zhou Zhiguo , Zhang Lei , Zhao Wenqing 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) cultivars exhibit varying responses to heat stress. To investigate the heat resistance of various cotton and establish an index system for evaluating their heat resistance, 21 cotton cultivars were selected and subjected to two temperature regimes (CK, average temperature 28°C, 32/24°C; HT, average temperature 38°C, 42/34°C). The results showed that under high temperatures, different changes occurred in individual indexes of cotton, reflecting the differences in heat resistance in cotton cultivars. A total of 21 cotton cultivars could be classified into four types: heat‐tolerant, moderate heat‐tolerant, moderate heat‐sensitive and heat‐sensitive cultivars by multivariate statistical analysis. Moreover, the indexes of net photosynthetic rate (Pn), leaf superoxide dismutase activity (LSOD), the maximum photochemical quantum yield (Fv/Fm), the actual photochemical quantum yield (ΦPSII), leaf malondialdehyde content (LMDA), leaf catalase activity (LCAT), dry matter weight of shoot (SDW) and root malondialdehyde content (RMDA) were determined to be useful for evaluating the cotton heat tolerance by stepwise regression analysis. The pot experiment showed that the reduction of boll number, boll weight and seed cotton yield was more remarkable under HT in the heat‐sensitive cultivar CCRI‐92 than in the heat‐resistant cultivar CCRI‐69, which further verified the screening results. In conclusion, the heat‐sensitive cultivars CCRI‐92 and heat‐resistant cultivar CCRI‐69 which are identified by seedling experiment could serve as ideal experimental materials for studying heat resistance in cotton. The physiological indices such as Pn, LSOD, Fv/Fm, ΦPSII, LMDA, LCAT, SDW and RMDA be employed for assessing the heat tolerance in cotton.
Symptom severity reflected by NYHA grade is independently associated with pruritus in chronic heart failure patients
Authors: Soltani Samira , Hollstein Moritz M. , Berliner Dominik , Buhl Timo , Bauersachs Johann , Werfel Thomas , Bavendiek Udo , Traidl Stephan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundPruritus is a symptom profoundly impairing patients' quality of life (QoL). It is a common symptom in chronic heart failure (CHF) patients of yet unknown nature. The aim of this study was to evaluate the risk factors of pruritus in CHF patients.MethodsFor this monocentric, prospective cohort study, CHF patients were recruited and CHF symptoms, comorbidities and drug intake were assessed using a structured report. Additionally, a questionnaire evaluated pruritus symptoms. Detailed medical histories including laboratory test results were retrieved from patient files for all participants.ResultsWe evaluated data from 550 CHF patients. Of those, 25.3% reported pruritus to occur frequently (3–5 times per week), often (1–2 times per week) or daily. Patients of higher NYHA classes (NYHA III + IV) experienced significantly more pruritus (31.2%) than lower NYHA classes (NYHA I + II) (21.1%, p = 0.024). Patients with pruritus reported disproportionately often concomitant stasis dermatitis (p = 0.026) and chronic lung disease (p = 0.014). Other parameters reflecting cardiac, liver, kidney and thyroid function, as well as medical therapies showed no significant differences between patients with and without pruritus. In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, only NYHA class (p = 0.016, OR 1.55, 95% confidence interval (CI): [1.09; 2.20]) and elevated leukocyte count (p = 0.007, OR 1.11, CI [1.03; 1.21]) remained significantly associated with pruritus in CHF patients.ConclusionsNYHA class is an independent predictor for pruritus in CHF patients. Besides NYHA class, leukocyte count was also associated with increased pruritus. Pruritus may impair QoL in CHF patients and should thus be included in the assessment of those patients. We suggest that providing best care for CHF patients can be achieved through an interdisciplinary approach of cardiologists and dermatologists and should include a pruritus assessment.
Short‐term outcomes of prehospital opioid pain management for older adults with fall‐related injury
Authors: Jarman Molly P. , Jin Ginger , Chen Annie , Losina Elena , Weissman Joel S. , Berry Sarah D. , Salim Ali 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundOpioids are recommended for pain management in patients being cared for and transported by emergency medical services, but no specific guidelines exist for older adults with fall‐related injury. Prior research suggests prehospital opioid administration can effectively manage pain in older adults, but less is known about safety in this population. We compared short‐term safety outcomes, including delirium, disposition, and length of stay, among older adults with fall‐related injury according to whether they received prehospital opioid analgesia.MethodsWe linked Medicare claims data with prehospital patient care reports for older adults (≥65) with fall‐related injury in Illinois between January 1, 2014 and December 31, 2015. We used weighted regression models (logistic, multinomial logistic, and Poisson) to assess the association between prehospital opioid analgesia and incidence of inpatient delirium, hospital disposition, and length of stay.ResultsOf 28,150 included older adults, 3% received prehospital opioids. Patients receiving prehospital opioids (vs. no prehospital opioids) were less likely to be discharged home from the emergency department (adjusted probability = 0.30 [95% CI: 0.25, 0.34] vs. 0.47 [95% CI: 0.46, 0.48]), more likely to be discharged to a non‐home setting after an inpatient admission (adjusted probability = 0.43 [95% CI: 0.39, 0.48] vs. 0.30 [95% CI: 0.30, 0.31]), had inpatient length of stay 0.4 days shorter (p < 0.001) and ICU length of stay 0.7 days shorter (p = 0.045). Incidence of delirium did not vary between treatment and control groups.ConclusionsFew older adults receive opioid analgesia in the prehospital setting. Prehospital opioid analgesia may be associated with hospital disposition and length of stay for older adults with fall‐related injury. However, our findings do not provide evidence of an association with inpatient delirium. These findings should be considered when developing guidelines for prehospital pain management specific to the older adult population.
SlBEL11 regulates flavonoid biosynthesis, thus fine‐tuning auxin efflux to prevent premature fruit drop in tomato
Authors: Dong Xiufen , Liu Xianfeng , Cheng Lina , Li Ruizhen , Ge Siqi , Wang Sai , Cai Yue , Liu Yang , Meng Sida , Jiang Cai‐Zhong , Shi Chun‐Lin , Li Tianlai , Fu Daqi , Qi Mingfang , Xu Tao 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACTAuxin regulates flower and fruit abscission, but how developmental signals mediate auxin transport in abscission remains unclear. Here, we reveal the role of the transcription factor BEL1‐LIKE HOMEODOMAIN11 (SlBEL11) in regulating auxin transport during abscission in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum).SlBEL11is highly expressed in the fruit abscission zone, and its expression increases during fruit development. Knockdown ofSlBEL11expression by RNA interference (RNAi) caused premature fruit drop at the breaker (Br) and 3 d post‐breaker (Br+3) stages of fruit development. Transcriptome and metabolome analysis ofSlBEL11‐RNAi lines revealed impaired flavonoid biosynthesis and decreased levels of most flavonoids, especially quercetin, which functions as an auxin transport inhibitor. This suggested that SlBEL11 prevents premature fruit abscission by modulating auxin efflux from fruits, which is crucial for the formation of an auxin response gradient. Indeed, quercetin treatment suppressed premature fruit drop inSlBEL11‐RNAi plants. DNA affinity purification sequencing (DAP‐seq) analysis indicated that SlBEL11 induced expression of the transcription factor geneSlMYB111by directly binding to its promoter. Chromatin immunoprecipitation‐quantitative polymerase chain reaction and electrophoretic mobility shift assay showed thatS. lycopersicumMYELOBLASTOSIS VIRAL ONCOGENE HOMOLOG111 (SlMYB111) induces the expression of the core flavonoid biosynthesis genesSlCHS1,SlCHI,SlF3H, andSlFLSby directly binding to their promoters. Our findings suggest that the SlBEL11–SlMYB111 module modulates flavonoid biosynthesis to fine‐tune auxin efflux from fruits and thus maintain an auxin response gradient in the pedicel, thereby preventing premature fruit drop.
Constitutive cell proliferation and neurogenesis in the organum vasculosum lamina terminalis and subfornical organ of adult rats
Authors: Zhou Suijian , Makashova Olena , Chevillard Pierre‐Marie , Josey Vanessa , Li Banruo , Prager‐Khoutorsky Masha 
Published: February 2024

AbstractNeurogenesis continues throughout adulthood in the subventricular zone, hippocampal subgranular zone, and the hypothalamic median eminence (ME) and the adjacent medio‐basal hypothalamus. The ME is one of the circumventricular organs (CVO), which are specialized brain areas characterized by an incomplete blood–brain barrier and, thus, are involved in mediating communication between the central nervous system and the periphery. Additional CVOs include the organum vasculosum laminae terminalis (OVLT) and the subfornical organs (SFO). Previous studies have demonstrated that the ME contains neural stem cells (NSCs) capable of generating new neurons and glia in the adult brain. However, it remains unclear whether the OVLT and SFO also contain proliferating cells, the identity of these cells, and their ability to differentiate into mature neurons. Here we show that glial and mural subtypes exhibit NSC characteristics, expressing the endogenous mitotic maker Ki67, and incorporating the exogenous mitotic marker BrdU in the OVLT and SFO of adult rats. Glial cells constitutively proliferating in the SFO comprise NG2 glia, while in the OVLT, both NG2 glia and tanycytes appear to constitute the NSC pool. Furthermore, pericytes, which are mural cells associated with capillaries, also contribute to the pool of cells constitutively proliferating in the OVLT and SFO of adult rats. In addition to these glial and mural cells, a fraction of NSCs containing proliferation markers Ki67 and BrdU also expresses the early postmitotic neuronal marker doublecortin, suggesting that these CVOs comprise newborn neurons. Notably, these neurons can differentiate and express the mature neuronal marker NeuN. These findings establish the sensory CVOs OVLT and SFO as additional neurogenic niches, where the generation of new neurons and glia persists in the adult brain.
Lipotoxicity: The missing link between diabetes and periodontitis?
Authors: Sun Yu , Yin Yuanyuan , Yang Sihan , Ai Dongqing , Qin Han , Xia Xuyun , Xu Xiaohui , Song Jinlin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractLipotoxicity refers to the accumulation of lipids in tissues other than adipose tissue (body fat). It is one of the major pathophysiological mechanisms responsible for the progression of diabetes complications such as non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease and diabetic nephropathy. Accumulating evidence indicates that lipotoxicity also contributes significantly to the toxic effects of diabetes on periodontitis. Therefore, we reviewed the current in vivo, in vitro, and clinical evidence of the detrimental effects of lipotoxicity on periodontitis, focusing on its molecular mechanisms, especially oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress, inflammation, ceramides, adipokines, and programmed cell death pathways. By elucidating potential therapeutic strategies targeting lipotoxicity and describing their associated mechanisms and clinical outcomes, including metformin, statins, liraglutide, adiponectin, and omega‐3 PUFA, this review seeks to provide a more comprehensive and effective treatment framework against diabetes‐associated periodontitis. Furthermore, the challenges and future research directions are proposed, aiming to contribute to a more profound understanding of the impact of lipotoxicity on periodontitis.