bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quality Improvement and Changes in Diabetic Patient Outcomes in an Academic Nurse Practitioner Primary Care Practice
Authors: Mackey Thomas A. , Cole Frank L. , Lindenberg Julie 
Published: November 2005

PurposeTo examine a set of system interventions in the management of patients with diabetes and the outcomes of their care.Data sourcesPreintervention and postintervention data collected from electronic medical records.ConclusionsThe sample size was smaller than expected, contributing to a lack of statistical significance from preintervention to postintervention in the patient outcome measures. The systems‐level variables that were under the direct control of the clinic staff (e.g., pneumococcal vaccine given) showed great improvement. In the preintervention period, the percentage of “yes” responses to the system‐level variables ranged from 8 to 24 and jumped to 16 to 95 after the intervention.Implications for practiceUnequivocally, this project demonstrated that systems‐level changes result in improved care being provided to patients; however, these had minimal impact on the patient outcome variables. Promoting change in patient behavior is difficult, which may have contributed to the lack of significance in this area, while the variables under the direct control of the clinic staff were more easily changed.
Control of Macro-Micro Manipulators Revisited
Authors: Parsa Kourosh , Angeles Jorge , Misra Arun K. 
Published: November 2005

Abstract
A full-pose, position and orientation, trajectory-tracking control of kinematically redundant flexible-macro-rigid-micro manipulators is proposed. Redundancy is resolved such that the forces exciting the lowest-frequency “modal coordinates” of the system are minimized, while imposing a proportional damping on the flexural dynamics, rendering it stable under certain conditions. The simulation results show that the initial posture of the manipulator plays an important role in satisfying the foregoing stability conditions.
Adaptive Variable Structure Control of Linear Delayed Systems
Authors: Oucheriah Said 
Published: November 2005

Abstract
This brief deals with the stabilization of a class of time-delay systems subject to external disturbance vectors whose bounds are not known. A continuous adaptive variable structure controller is synthesized to guarantee that the motions of the sliding surface are uniformly exponentially convergent to a ball with any prespecified exponential convergence rate towards it. Furthermore, the reduced-order sliding mode dynamics as well as the deviation from ideal sliding motion are uniformly exponentially convergent to a ball whose radius is minimized and the exponential convergence towards it is maximized. The problem is formulated as an optimization problem with LMI constraints. Finally, an example is included to illustrate the results developed in this brief.
Increased Excision of the
Salmonella
Prophage ST64B Caused by a Deficiency in Dam Methylase
Authors: Alonso Ana , Pucciarelli M. Graciela , Figueroa-Bossi Nara , García-del Portillo Francisco 
Published: November 2005

ABSTRACT

Salmonella enterica
mutants defective in Dam methylase are strongly attenuated in virulence and release a large amount of proteins to the extracellular medium. The extent to which these two phenotypes are linked is unknown. Using a proteomic approach, we identified Sb6, Sb13, and Sb36 as proteins present in larger amounts in culture supernatants of an
S. enterica
serovar Typhimurium
dam
mutant than in those of the wild-type strain. These three proteins are encoded in the
Salmonella
prophage ST64B. Higher amounts of ST64B phage DNA and tailless viral capsids were also detected in supernatant extracts of the
dam
mutant, suggesting that Dam methylation negatively regulates the excision of ST64B. Reverse transcription-PCR analysis revealed that the expression of two ST64B genes encoding a putative antirepressor and a phage replication protein increases in the
dam
mutant. The SOS response also augments the excision of ST64B. Infection assays performed with phage-cured strains demonstrated that ST64B does not carry genes required for virulence in the mouse model. Evidence was also obtained discarding a relationship between the high excision of ST64B and the envelope instability or virulence attenuation phenotype. Taken together, these data indicate that ST64B excises at a high rate in
dam
mutants due to the loss of repression exerted by Dam on phage genes and induction of the SOS response characteristic of these mutants. The exacerbated excision of ST64B does not however contribute to the incapacity of
dam
mutants to cause disease.
Minimal Functions and Physiological Conditions Required for Growth of
Salmonella enterica
on Ethanolamine in the Absence of the Metabolosome
Authors: Brinsmade Shaun R. , Paldon Tenzin , Escalante-Semerena Jorge C. 
Published: November 2005

ABSTRACT

During growth on ethanolamine,
Salmonella enterica
synthesizes a multimolecular structure that mimics the carboxysome used by some photosynthetic bacteria to fix CO
2
. In
S. enterica
, this carboxysome-like structure (hereafter referred to as the ethanolamine metabolosome) is thought to contain the enzymatic machinery needed to metabolize ethanolamine into acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA). Analysis of the growth behavior of mutant strains of
S. enterica
lacking specific functions encoded by the 17-gene
e
thanolamine
ut
ilization (
eut
) operon established the minimal biochemical functions needed by this bacterium to use ethanolamine as a source of carbon and energy. The data obtained support the conclusion that the ethanolamine ammnonia-lyase (EAL) enzyme (encoded by the
eutBC
genes) and coenzyme B
12
are necessary and sufficient to grow on ethanolamine. We propose that the EutD phosphotransacetylase and EutG alcohol dehydrogenase are important to maintain metabolic balance. Glutathione (GSH) had a strong positive effect that compensated for the lack of the EAL reactivase EutA protein under aerobic growth on ethanolamine. Neither GSH nor EutA was needed during growth on ethanolamine under reduced-oxygen conditions. GSH also stimulated growth of a strain lacking the acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (EutE) enzyme. The role of GSH in ethanolamine catabolism is complex and requires further investigation. Our data show that the ethanolamine metabolosome is not involved in the biochemistry of ethanolamine catabolism. We propose the metabolosome is needed to concentrate low levels of ethanolamine catabolic enzymes, to keep the level of toxic acetaldehyde low, to generate enough acetyl-CoA to support cell growth, and to maintain a pool of free CoA.
Fine Structure of the
Deinococcus radiodurans
Nucleoid Revealed by Cryoelectron Microscopy of Vitreous Sections
Authors: Eltsov Mikhail , Dubochet Jacques 
Published: November 2005

ABSTRACT

Transmission electron microscopy revealed that the nucleoid of the extremely radioresistant bacteria
Deinococcus radiodurans
may adopt an unusual ring shape. This led to the hypothesis that the tight toroidal package of the
D. radiodurans
genome might contribute to radioresistance by preventing diffusion of ends of double-stranded DNA breaks. The molecular arrangement of DNA in the nucleoid, which must be determined to test this hypothesis, is not discernible by conventional methods of electron microscopy. We have applied cryoelectron microscopy of vitreous sections and found that the DNA arrangement in
D. radiodurans
differs from toroidal spooling. Diffuse coralline nucleoids of exponentially growing
D. radiodurans
do not reveal any particular molecular order. Electron-dense granules are generally observed in the centers of nucleoids. In stationary-phase cells, the nucleoid segregates from cytoplasm and DNA filaments show locally parallel arrangements, with increasing aspects of cholesteric liquid crystalline phase upon prolonged starvation. The relevance of the observed nucleoid organization to the radiation resistance of
D. radiodurans
is discussed.
Structural Basis for Shikimate-Binding Specificity ofHelicobacter pyloriShikimate Kinase
Authors: Cheng Wen-Chi , Chang Yu-Ning , Wang Wen-Ching 
Published: November 2005

ABSTRACTShikimate kinase (EC 2.7.1.71) catalyzes the specific phosphorylation of the 3-hydroxyl group of shikimic acid in the presence of ATP. As the fifth key step in the shikimate pathway for aromatic amino acid biosynthesis in bacteria, fungi, and plants, but not mammals, shikimate kinase represents an attractive target for the development of new antimicrobial agents, herbicides, and antiparasitic agents. Here, we report the 1.8-Å crystal structure ofHelicobacter pylorishikimate kinase (HpSK). The crystal structure shows a three-layer alpha/beta fold consisting of a central sheet of five parallel β-strands flanked by seven α-helices. An HpSK-shikimate-PO4complex was also determined and refined to 2.3 Å, revealing induced-fit movement from an open to a closed form on substrate binding. Shikimate is located above a short 310helix formed by a strictly conserved motif (GGGXV) afterβ3. Moreover, several highly conserved charged residues including Asp33 (in a conserved DT/SD motif), Arg57, and Arg132 (interacting with shikimate) are identified, guiding the development of novel inhibitors of shikimate kinase.
The
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Proteome during Anaerobic Growth
Authors: Wu Manhong , Guina Tina , Brittnacher Mitchell , Nguyen Hai , Eng Jimmy , Miller Samuel I. 
Published: November 2005

ABSTRACT

Isotope-coded
affinity tag analysis and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis followed
by tandem mass spectrometry were used to identify
Pseudomonas
aeruginosa
proteins expressed during anaerobic growth. Out of the
617 proteins identified, 158 were changed in abundance during anaerobic
growth compared to during aerobic growth, including proteins whose
increased expression was expected based on their role in anaerobic
metabolism. These results form the basis for future analyses of
alterations in bacterial protein content during growth in various
environments, including the cystic fibrosis
airway.
Design, implementation and experiences with a higher-level graphics language for interactive computer-aided design purposes
Authors: Schrack Guenther 
Published: November 2005

The higher-level graphics language LIG has now been operational for over two years. The language has proven to be easy to learn and easy to use, as attested by a number of programmers. Through its use, many improvement possibilities of the syntax and the supporting subprogram system have shown up.
The experimental design of a higher-level special purpose programming language in terms of the linguistic characteristics of a language extension and its implementation with the aid of a compiler generator is discussed. A consideration of the data type GRAPHICAL, its properties and its manipulation as well as a description of the major parts of the language LIG follows, stressing its graphic capabilities and its features for handling interactive application programs. The paper concludes with remarks regarding an evaluation of the approach taken for the design and the language itself, together with a number of suggestions for improvements.
Automatic generation of computer graphics languages
Authors: Suski Gregory J. 
Published: November 2005

This paper describes a system currently under development at Northwestern University which allows a user of a computer graphics system to generate specialized graphics programming languages which are particularly suited to a user's own needs and expertise. Termed a Language Generation System (LGS), it differs from the more traditional compiler-compiler and extensible language systems in the ease and speed of language specification and generation and also in the actual method of language specification employed.
We will discuss here the motivation behind the development of LGS, some representative examples of user generated languages, and several principal areas of interest in the design and implementation of language generation systems. The paper concludes with a summary of the major topics presented and the current status of LGS.
MARS -

M

issouri

A

utomated

R

adiology

S

ystem, computer graphics in an automated department
Authors: Manson D. J. , Lehr James L. , Lodwick G. S. 
Published: November 2005

One begins increasingly to hear the phrase “out of control” in reference to rising health care costs. Whether or not the health care system is out of control, cost projections are beginning to approach 10% of the gross national product. A very small percent of health care costs represent the application of technology in medicine; computer automation techniques offer the promise to both increase the quality of health care and reduce costs. Our effort has been to apply these techniques to an entire department of Radiology and thus to test the cost effectiveness of automated health care in the clinical context. I am reporting today on modules of our system that involve the use of computer graphics.
I should like first to make a philosophical point. The concept of a total hospital information system is logically prior to that of any particular department. We begin by postulating that such a system will include a central file with selective access. By constructing a system that meets the needs of our department we will (1) have guaranteed the peripheral specification necessary to any system; 2) demonstrated a model for information processing applicable to other departments with similar information requirements; and 3) be ready to aid in the integration of intra-department information systems when they are ready.
This paper is concerned I ) with the medical information system being transferred to a small stand-alone computer; 2) with the system test of a 35 mm radiographic imaging system; 3) computer assisted diagnosis and 4) direct computer diagnosis from chest radiographs.
On-line modeling by curve-fitting
Authors: Knott G. , Shrager R. 
Published: November 2005

Modeling, as we use the term here, means matching a set of numbers, obtained from some theory, to a set of numbers from the laboratory. We will refer to the laboratory numbers as the observed data or curve and to the theoretical numbers as the computed data or curve.
Our purpose may be to evaluate the model; or to use it to determine otherwise unobtainable values as functions of the observed curve. Thus the key problem in modeling by curve-fitting is parameter determination. The model functions contain unknown or vaguely known numbers called parameters that affect the shape of the computed curve. The problem is to find those parameter values that make the computed curve most resemble the observed curve in the least squares sense. This is why we speak of modeling by curve-fitting. Statisticians call this activity non-linear regression.
Computer-integrated manufacturing in Japan (Panel)
Authors: Kunii Tosiyasu L. 
Published: November 2005

Recent progress in Japanese computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM) includes the integration of computer graphics, database management systems, local area networks, robotics and software engineering technology. This panel will discuss advanced CAD, CAM CAT (computer-aided testing) and FMS (flexible manufacturing systems) available in Japan.
After the overview by the Chair Prof. Kunii, the basic CIM related researches to support industrial applications will be explained by Prof. Nakajima of the University of Tokyo. A wide spectrum of recent industrial advances and future trends in Japanese CIM are covered by four panelists from reputed manufacturers and users of CIM facilities and equipments. As one of the features of Japanese CIM, it will be noticed throughout the panel presentations and discussions that manufacturers always send out their products into the market after extensive internal use of them. Mr. Kubo of Hitachi Omika Work will present new networked CIM workstation. A typical example of very large CIM will be shown by Mr. Nakagawa of Mitsui Engineering and Shipbuilding. Very aggressive lines of products and plans are expected from Fanuc and will be presented by Mr. Inaba of GM Fanuo Robotics. Mr. Nishioka of Sharp will conclude the session explaining how he has developed and marketed very practical CIM successfully.
A parallel processor system for three-dimensional color graphics
Authors: Niimi Haruo , Imai Yoshirou , Murakami Masayoshi , Tomita Shinji , Hagiwara Hiroshi 
Published: November 2005

This paper describes the hardware architecture and the employed algorithm of a parallel processor system for three-dimensional color graphics. The design goal of the system is to generate realistic images of three-dimensional environments on a raster-scan video display in real-time. In order to achieve this goal, the system is constructed as a two-level hierarchical multi-processor system which is particularly suited to incorporate scan-line algorithm for hidden surface elimination. The system consists of several Scan-Line Processors (SLPs), each of which controls several slave PiXel Processors (PXPs). The SLP prepares the specific data structure relevant to each scan line, while the PXP manipulates every pixel data in its own territory. Internal hardware structures of the SLP and the PXP are quite different, being designed for their dedicated tasks.
This system architecture can easily execute scan-line algorithm in parallel by partitioning the entire image space and allotting one processor element to each partition. The specific partition scheme and some new data structures are introduced to exploit as much parallelism as possible. In addition, the scan-line algorithm is extended to include smooth-shading and anti-aliasing with the aim of rendering more realistic images. These two operations are performed on a per-scan-line basis so as to preserve scan-line and span coherence.
Performance estimation of the system shows that a typical system consisting of 8 SLPs and 8×8 PXPs can generate, in every 1/15th of a second, the shadowed image of a three-dimensional scene containing about 200 polygons.
The storage, retrieval and display of integrated graphics and text (Panel)
Authors: Earnshaw Rae A. 
Published: November 2005

Methodologies, techniques and applications for the storage, retrieval and display of integrated graphics and text will be discussed. Current areas of interest include engineering drawings, CAD, publishing, graphics and databases, business graphics, office systems, cartography, typography and high quality text. This topic is at the leading edge of current developments and cost-effective applications will be examined.
Dr. Rae Earnshaw, Chairman of the BCS Displays Group, will outline current needs and objectives for integrating graphics and text in the context of information processing and display, and indicate progress towards the long term goal of “what you see is what you print”.
A scan-line hidden surface removal procedure for constructive solid geometry
Authors: Atherton Peter R 
Published: November 2005

This paper presents a new methodology for resolving visible surface images of solid models derived from Boolean combinations of volumetric building blocks. The algorithm introduced here is an extension of well-established scan-line hidden surface removal procedures, and it integrates knowledge of a Boolean construction tree in the surface resolution process. Several hidden surface coherence properties are discussed in terms of their possible exploitation in the intricate solid model visualization process. While many of the earlier coherence techniques depend on a polygon environment in which surfaces and volumes do not intersect, the Boolean process can not afford that luxury because it is inherently required to handle intersecting volumes and surfaces. Initial tests indicate that substantial performance improvements over previous methods can be achieved with the algorithm described in this paper, and that these improvements increase as model complexity increases.An underlying philosophy of a dual solid modeling system is proposed in this paper. It suggests that two solid modelers are necessary to successfully satisfy both analytical precision requirements and user interface visualization requirements. The visual solid modeling task addressed in this paper provides greatly improved response capabilities, as compared to other systems, by striving to optimize the constructive solid model (CSG) solid model computations specifically for display purposes.
Edge Inference with Applications to Antialiasing
Authors: Bloomenthal Jules 
Published: November 2005

An edge, when point-sampled for display by a raster device and not aligned with a display axis, appears as a stair-case.This common aliasing artifact often occurs in computer images generated by two- and three-dimensional algorithms. The precise edge information often is no longer available but, from the set of vertical and horizontal segments which form the staircase, an approximation to the original edge with a precision beyond that of the raster may be inferred. This constitutes a smoothing of the staircase edge.
Among other applications, the inferred edges may be used to reshade the pixels they intersect, thereby antialiasing the inferred edges. The antialiased inferred edges prove a more attractive approximation to the real edges than their aliased counterparts.
Presented here are algorithms for the detection and smoothing of edges and the filtering of an image in accordance with the inferred edges.
Modeling motion blur in computer-generated images
Authors: Potmesil Michael , Chakravarty Indranil 
Published: November 2005

This paper describes a procedure for modeling motion blur in computer-generated images. Motion blur in photography or cinematography is caused by the motion of objects during the finite exposure time the camera shutter remains open to record the image on film. In computer graphics, the simulation of motion blur is useful both in animated sequences where the blurring tends to remove temporal aliasing effects and in static images where it portrays the illusion of speed or movement among the objects in the scene.
The camera model developed for simulating motion blur is described in terms of a generalized image-formation equation. This equation describes the relationship between the object and corresponding image points in terms of the optical system-transfer function. The use of the optical system-transfer function simplifies the description of time-dependent variations of object motion that may occur during the exposure time of a camera. This approach allows us to characterize the motion of objects by a set of system-transfer functions which are derived from the path and velocity of objects in the scene and the exposure time of a camera.
An algorithm for shading of regions on vector display devices
Authors: Brassel Kurt E. , Fegeas Robin 
Published: November 2005

The display of shaded polygons by line, cross-hatch, and dot patterns on vector devices is a task frequently used in computer graphics and computer cartography. In applications such as the production of shaded maps polygon shading turns out to be critical with respect to time requirements, and the development of efficient algorithms is of importance.
Given an arbitrary polygon in the plane without self-crossing edges (simply-connected polygon), the task at hand is to shade this polygon with one or two sets of parallel lines where for each set a shading angle and a line distance are given. The basic concept of this new algorithm is to decompose the polygon into a set of mutually exclusive trapezoids (in special cases triangles) where the parallel edges of the trapezoids are parallel to the desired shading lines. These trapezoids and triangles are then shaded in a fast procedure. In its present form the algorithm handles regions with up to 300 islands. Possible extensions include the construction of dash and cross patterns.