bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of starvation on lipid metabolism and stability of DHA content of lipids in horse mackerel (Trachurus japonicus) tissues
Authors: Osako Kazufumi , Kuwahara Koichi , Saito Hiroaki , Hossain Mohammed Anwar , Nozaki Yukinori 
Published: November 2006

AbstractFor the purpose of characterizing the effect of starvation on 22∶6n−3 (DHA) content in marine fish tissues, horse mackerel (Trachurus japonicus) were reared in a tank containing filtered, sterilized seawater under nonfeeding conditions for 107 d (survival rate of the fish was 96.5%). The crude total lipids (TL) of ordinary dorsal muscle, dorsal skin, and viscera of the starved individuals were separated into classes on silicic acid columns, and the constituents of the TL were quantified by gravimetric recovery from column chromatography. The TL, initially>85% TAG in dorsal muscle, and even more in skin lipids, decreased dramatically within the first 44 d of starvation, and then decreased more gradually during the remainder of the test period, whereas the visceral TL decreased more slowly. The percentages of both saturated and monoenoic FA in the muscle TL also decreased somewhat, but those of DHA increased significantly in muscle during the test periods. Decreases in PE and PC initially were much smaller than TAG, but DHA levels remained high in both PE and PC. These findings indicate that all of the FA in the depot lipids of horse mackerel tissues are easily metabolized for energy production during starvation, but DHA in muscle lipids of the starved fish was maintained at a consistently high level, indicating that starvation did not affect DHA stability in phospholipids. The findings suggest that preservation of DHA in cell membrane lipid PE and PC is necessary for self‐protection functions in starving fish.
Simple chemical syntheses of TAG monohydroperoxides
Authors: Hui Shu‐Ping , Murai Tsuyoshi , Yoshimura Teruki , Chiba Hitoshi , Kurosawa Takao 
Published: November 2006

AbstractFor the purpose of synthesizing standards to be used in the quantification of TAG hydroperoxides, three TAG (1,2‐dioleoyl‐3‐palmitoylglycerol, 1‐oleoyl‐2‐linoleoyl‐3‐palmitoylglycerol, and triolein) monohydroperoxides were chemically synthesized as authentic specimens. TAG were prepared by using a simple condensation in pyridine of glycerol and the corresponding acid chlorides. These TAG were then converted into monohydroperoxides by a photosensitized peroxidation. The synthesized monohydroperoxides were analyzed by normal‐phase and RP‐HPLC. The results of normal‐phase HPLC analysis showed that monohydroperoxides from a corresponding TAG were a mixture of regioisomers. In RP‐HPLC, however, the regioisomers of monohydroperoxides were not separated and gave a single peak, which may improve the sensitivity for the detection of TAG monohydroperoxides. In this study TAG monohydroperoxide standards were synthesized; these will be useful for the study of yet unknown biological and pathological roles of TAG hydroperoxides.
Novel ceramides and a new glucoceramide from the roots of Incarvillea arguta
Authors: Luo Yinggang , Yi Jinhai , Li Bogang , Zhang Guolin 
Published: November 2006

AbstractNovel ceramides, rel‐(3S,4S,5S)‐3‐[(2R)‐2‐hydroxycosanoyl‐hexacosanoylamino]‐4‐hydroxy‐5‐[(4Z)‐tetradecane‐4‐ene]‐2,3,4,5‐tetrahydrofuran (1a‐g), and a new glucoceramide, 1‐O‐β‐d‐glucopyranosyl‐(2S,3S,4R,8E)‐2‐[(2R)‐2‐hydroxytetracosanoylamino]‐1,3,4‐octodecanetriol‐8‐ene (2) were isolated from the aqueous ethanolic extract of the roots of Incarvillea arguta, together with eight known compounds: β‐sitosterol (3), oleanolic acid (4), ursolic acid (5), piperin (6), maslinic acid (7), β‐sitosterol 6′‐O‐acyl‐β‐d‐glucopyranoside (8), 8‐epideoxyloganic acid (9), and plantarenaloside (10). Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectral data including IR, MS, NMR [1H NMR, 13C NMR (distortionless enhancement by polarization transfer), 1H−1H COSY, heteronuclear multiplequantum coherence, and heteronuclear multiple‐bond coherence correlations]. The relative configurations were established by nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy experiments and by comparison of the NMR spectral data and coupling constants with those already reported in the literature.
Dietary fish oil dose‐ and time‐response effects on cardiac phospholipid fatty acid composition
Authors: Owen Alice J. , Peter‐Przyborowska Beata A. , Hoy Andrew J. , McLennan Peter L. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractFish consumption is associated with reduced cardiovascular mortality, and elevated myocardial long‐chain n−3 polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) content is implicated in this cardioprotection. This study examined the dose and time responses for incorporation of n−3 PUFA into cellular membranes in rats fed fish oil (FO)‐containing diets. For the time course study, rats were fed a 10% FO diet for periods ranging from 0 to 42 d, after which myocardial and erythrocyte membrane fatty acid composition was determined. For the dose response study, rats (n=3) were fed 0, 1.25, 2.5, 5, or 10% FO for 4 wk, with myocardial, erythrocyte, and skeletal muscle membrane FA determined. Myocardial DHA (22∶6n−3) levels doubled in 2 d, stabilizing at levels ≈200% higher than control after 28 d feeding with 10% FO. By comparison, DHA levels doubled after 4 wk of 1.25% FO feeding. In myocardium and skeletal muscle, EPA (20∶5n−3) levels remained low, but in erythrocytes EPA levels reached 50% of DHA levels. The n−3 PUFA were incorporated at the expense of n−6 PUFA in myocardium and skeletal muscle, whereas erythrocytes maintained arachidonic acid levels, and total n−3 PUFA incorporation was lower. This study shows that low doses of FO produce marked changes in myocardial DHA levels; maximal incorporation takes up to 28 d to occur; and while erythrocytes are a good indicator of tissue n−3 incorporation in stable diets, they vary greatly in their time course and pattern of incorporation.
Fasting and postprandial lipid response to the consumption of modified milk fats by guinea pigs
Authors: Asselin Geneviève , Lavigne Charles , Bergeron Nathalie , Angers Paul , Belkacemi Khaled , Arul Joseph , Jacques Hélène 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of three modified milk fats with different melting profiles on fasting and postprandial lipid responses and on fecal fat content in guinea pigs. We hypothesized that the consumption of modified milk fat with a high m.p. results in reduced fasting and postprandial lipid responses compared with that of modified milk fat fractions with lower m.p. To test this hypothesis, male Hartley guinea pigs were fed isoenergetic diets containing 110 g of fat/kg, either from one of the three modified milk fats with high (HMF), medium (MMF), or low melting profiles (LMF), or from one of the two reference fats as whole mil fat (MF) or a fat blend similar to that of nonhydrogenated soft margarine (MA) for 28 d. Food intake (P<0.05) and body weight gain (P<0.05) were reduced in the animals fed the HMF diet compared with the other groups. In the fasting state, plasma LDL cholesterol was highest in animals fed the LMF diet, intermediary in those fed the MMF and MF diets, and lowest in those fed the HMF and MA diets (P<0.05). Postprandially, the areas under the 0‐ to 3‐h curves for the changes in plasma TG were lower in the HMF group than in the MA‐ and LMF‐fed guinea pigs (P<0.05). The fecal fat content was higher (P<0.05) in the HMF group compared to the other milk fat groups. The present results suggest that modified milk fats can impact food intake, body weight gain, fasting cholesterolemia, and postprandial triglyceridemia, and these changes may be attributed to an altered fat absorption.
Effect of temperature on the stereoselectivity of phospholipase D toward glycerol in the transphosphatidylation of phosphatidylcholine to phosphatidylglycerol
Authors: Sato Rina , Itabashi Yutaka , Suzuki Akira , Hatanaka Tadashi , Kuksis Arnis 
Published: November 2006

AbstractIn this study, the effect of temperature on the stereoselectivity of phospholipase D (PLD) toward the two primary hydroxyl groups of glycerol in the transphosphatidylation reaction of phosphatidylcholine to phosphatidylglycerol (PtdGro) was investigated. For this purpose, PLD from bacteria (Streptomyces septatus TH‐2, S. halstedii subsp. scabies K6, and Actinomadura sp.) and cabbage were tested. At the reaction temperatures employed (0–60°C), the proportions of the two PtdGro diastereomers, namely, 1,2‐dioleoyl‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phospho‐3′‐sn‐glycerol (R,R configuration) and 1,2‐dioleoyl‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phosphol‐1′‐sn‐glycerol (R,S configuration), which were produced with PLD from Streptomyces TH‐2 and Actinomadura sp., changed gradually from 50% R,R and 50% R,S at 50–60°C to 70% R,R and 30% R,S at O°C. These alterations suggested that the stereoselectivity of the bacterial PLD toward the two primary hydroxyl groups of prochiral glycerol was significantly influenced by reaction temperature. PLD from Streptomyces K6 showed relatively little effect of temperature on stereoselectivity, giving 65–69% R,R in the temperature range of 60–10°C examined. The plots of In ([R,R]/[R,S]) vs. 1/T gave good linear fits for these three bacterial PLD. No temperature effect was observed for cabbage PLD, which gave an almost equimolar mixture of the R,R and R,S diastereomers in the range from 0 to 40°C. The temperature‐dependent change in enantiomeric selectivity of the bacterial PLD promises potentially profitable commercial exploitation.
A randomized controlled trial of the effect of fish oil supplementation in late pregnancy and early lactation on the n−3 fatty acid content in human breast milk
Authors: Boris Jane , Jensen Benny , Salvig Jannie Dalby , Secher Niels J. , Olsen Sjúrdur F. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe aim of this research was to investigate the effect of fish oil supplementation, in the third trimester of pregnancy and early lactation period of healthy pregnant Danish women. Forty‐four pregnant women were randomly allocated to fish oil supplementation (1.3 g EPA and 0.9 g DHA per day) from week 30 of gestation (FO‐group) or to a control regimen (olive oil or no oil; controls). The FO‐group was randomly subdivided into women stopping fish oil supplementation at delivery [FO(pregn)], and women continuing supplementation for an, additional 30 d [FO(pregn/lact)]. Thirty‐six women agreed to collect milk samples at days 4, 16, and 30 postpartum. The FA composition of the milk samples was determined by GLC. At days 4, 16, and 30 in lactation, FO(pregn/lact) women (n=12) had, respectively 2.3 (P=0.001), 4.1 (P=0.001), and 3.3 (P=0.001) times higher mean contents of LCPUFA(n−3) in their breast milk compared with controls (n=13), and 1.7 (P=0.005), 2.8 (P=0.001), and 2.8 (P=0.001), times higher LCPUFA(n−3) contents, respectively, at these days compared with FO(pregn) women (n=11). The latter group did not differ significantly from controls with regard to LCPUFA(n−3) content in the breast milk. Similar results were obtained when analyzing separately for effects on the milk content of DHA. Dietary supplementation with 2.7 g LCPUFA(n−3) per day from week 30 of gestation and onward more than tripled the LCPUFA(n−3) content in early breast milk; supplementation limited to pregnancy only was much less effective.
Quantitative determination of total lipid hydroperoxides by a flow injection analysis system
Authors: Sohn Jeong‐Ho , Taki Yusuke , Ushio Hideki , Ohshima Toshiaki 
Published: November 2006

AbstractA flow injection analysis (FIA) system coupled with a fluorescence detection system using diphenyl‐1‐pyrenylphosphine (DPPP) was developed as a highly sensitive and reproducible quantitative method of total lipid hydroperoxide analysis. Fluorescence analysis of DPPP oxide generated by the reaction of lipid hydroperoxides with DPPP enabled a quantitative determination of the total amount of lipid hydroperoxides. Use of 1‐myristoyl‐2‐(12‐((7‐nitro‐2‐1,3‐benzoxadiazol‐4‐yl)amino) dodecanoyl)‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phosphocholine as the internal standard improved the sensitivity and reproducibility of the analysis. Several commercially available edible oils, including soybean oil, rapeseed oil, olive oil, corn oil, canola oil, safflower oil, mixed vegetable oils, cod liver oil, and sardine oil were analyzed by the FIA system for the quantitative determination of total lipid hydroperoxides. The minimal amounts of sample oils required were 50 μg of soybean oil (PV=2.71 meq/kg) and 3 mg of sardine oil (PV=0.38 meq/kg) for a single injection. Thus, sensitivity was sufficient for the detection of a small amount and/or low concentration of hydroperoxides in common edible oils. The recovery of sample oils for the FIA system ranged between 87.2±2.6% and 102±5.1% when PV ranged between 0.38 and 58.8 meq/kg. The CV in the analyses of soybean oil (PV=3.25 meq/kg), cod liver oil (PV=6.71 meq/kg), rapeseed oil (PV=12.3 meq/kg), and sardine oil (PV=63.8 meq/kg) were 4.31, 5.66, 8.27, and 11.2%, respectively, demonstrating sufficient reproducibility of the FIA system for the determination of lipid hydroperoxides. The squared correlation (r2) between the FIA system and the official AOCS iodometric titration method in a linear regression analysis was estimated at 0.9976 within the range of 0.35−77.8 meq/kg of PV (n=42). Thus, the FIA system provided satisfactory detection limits, recovery, and reproducibility. The FIA system was further applied to evaluate changes in the total amounts of lipid hydroperoxides in fish muscle stored on ice.
Fatty acid composition of lymphocytes and macrophages from rats fed fiber‐rich diets: A comparison between oat bran‐ and wheat bran‐enriched diets
Authors: Cavaglieri Felippe C. R. , Calder P. C. , Vecchia M. G. , Campos M. R. , Mancini‐Filho J. , Newsholme E. A. , Curi R. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe effect of oat bran‐(OBD) and wheat bran‐enriched diets (WBD) on fatty acid composition of neutral lipids and phospholipids of rat lymphocytes and macrophages was investigated. In neutral lipids of lymphocytes, OBD reduced the proportion of palmitoleic acid (48%), whereas WBD reduced by 43% palmitoleic acid and raised oleic (18%), linoleic (52%), and arachidonic (2.5‐fold) acids. In neutral lipids of macrophages, OBD increased palmitic (16%) and linoleic (29%) acids and slightly decreased oleic acid (15%). The effect of WBD, however, was more pronounced: It reduced myristic (60%), stearic (24%) and arachidonic (63%) acids, and it raised palmitic (30%) and linoleic (2.3‐fold) acids. Neither OBD nor WBD modified the composition of fatty acids in phospholipids of lymphocytes. In contrast, both diets had a marked effect on composition of fatty acids in macrophage phospholipids. OBD raised the proportion of myristic (42%) and linoleic (2,4‐fold) acids and decreased that of lauric (31%), palmitoleic (43%), and arachidonic (29%) acids. WBD increased palmitic (18%) and stearic (23%) acids and lowered palmitoleic (35%) and arachidonic (78%) acids. Of both cells, macrophages were more responsive to the effect of the fiber‐rich diets on fatty aicd composition of phospholipids. The high turnover of fatty acids in macrophage membranes may explain the differences between both cells. The modifications observed due to the effects of both diets were similar in few cases: an increase in palmitic and linoleic acids of total neutral lipids occurred and a decrease in palmitoleic and arachidonic acids of phospholipid. Therefore, the mechanism involved in the effect of both diets might be different.
The process management triangle: An empirical investigation of process trade‐offs
Authors: Klassen Robert D. , Menor Larry J. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractAdvancing theory and understanding of process management issues continues to be a central concern for operations management research and practice. While an insightful body of knowledge – based primarily on studies at the process‐level – exists on the management of capacity and inventory, the dynamism characterizing most operating and competitive systems poses an ongoing challenge for managers having to mitigate the impact of variability across different levels of operating systems (e.g., production processes, facilities, and supply chains). This paper builds on a conceptual framework, derived from queuing theory and termed the “process management triangle”, to explore the extent to which fundamental trade‐offs between capacity utilization, variability and inventory (CVI) generalize to complex operations and business systems. To do so, empirical analyses utilizing comparatively unique data for the study of these process management issues – and collected from two distinct, vastly different levels of analysis – are presented. First, a simulation‐based facility‐level analysis using teaching case study data is presented. Second, an industry‐level analysis employing archival economic data spanning three multi‐year periods is considered. Collectively, these empirical analyses provide exploratory support for the generalization and extension of analytical insights on CVI trade‐offs to both complex operations and business systems, although with decreasing explanatory power. The implications of these studies for furthering process management theory and understanding are framed around additional research propositions intended to guide future investigation of CVI trade‐offs.
Quantification of polarized trafficking of transferrin and comparison with bulk membrane transport in hepatic cells
Authors: Wüstner Daniel 
Published: November 2006

Transport of the recycling marker transferrin was analysed in polarized hepatic HepG2 cells using quantitative fluorescence microscopy and mathematical modelling. A detailed map and kinetic model for transport of transferrin in hepatic cells was developed. Fluorescent transferrin was found to be transported sequentially through basolateral SE (sorting endosomes) to a SAC/ARC (subapical compartment/apical recycling compartment). DiI (di-indocarbocyanine) lipid probes of different acyl chain length (DiIC12 and DiIC16) co-localized with transferrin in basolateral SE and in the SAC/ARC. By kinetic comparison of hepatic transport of transferrin and labelled HDL (high-density lipoprotein), it is shown that transport of transferrin from SE to the SAC/ARC follows a default pathway together with HDL. Kinetic modelling of fluorescence data provides an identical half-time for SE-to-SAC/ARC transport of transferrin and fluorescent HDL (t½=4.2 min). Fluorescent transferrin was found to recycle with a half-time of t½=12.9 min from the SAC/ARC to the basolateral cell surface of HepG2 cells. In contrast with HDL, targeting of labelled transferrin from the SAC/ARC to the apical biliary canaliculus was negligible. The results indicate that transport from basolateral hepatic SE to the SAC/ARC represents a bulk flow process and that polarized sorting occurs mainly at the level of the SAC/ARC.
Using GOstats to test gene lists for GO term association
Authors: Falcon S. , Gentleman R. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractMotivation: Functional analyses based on the association of Gene Ontology (GO) terms to genes in a selected gene list are useful bioinformatic tools and the GOstats package has been widely used to perform such computations. In this paper we report significant improvements and extensions such as support for conditional testing.Results: We discuss the capabilities of GOstats, a Bioconductor package written in R, that allows users to test GO terms for over or under-representation using either a classical hypergeometric test or a conditional hypergeometric that uses the relationships among GO terms to decorrelate the results.Availability: GOstats is available as an R package from the Bioconductor project:Contact: sfalcon@fhcrc.org
PEAKS: identification of regulatory motifs by their position in DNA sequences
Authors: Bellora Nicolás , Farré Domènec , Mar Albà M. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractSummary: Many DNA functional motifs tend to accumulate or cluster at specific gene locations. These locations can be detected, in a group of gene sequences, as high frequency ‘peaks’ with respect to a reference position, such as the transcription start site (TSS). We have developed a web tool for the identification of regions containing significant motif peaks. We show, by using different yeast gene datasets, that peak regions are strongly enriched in experimentally-validated motifs and contain potentially important novel motifs.Availability: Contact: malba@imim.esSupplementary information: Supplementary Data are available at Bioinformatics online.
GIGANTEAActs in Blue Light Signaling and Has Biochemically Separable Roles in Circadian Clock and Flowering Time Regulation
Authors: Martin-Tryon Ellen L. , Kreps Joel A. , Harmer Stacey L. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractCircadian clocks are widespread in nature. In higher plants, they confer a selective advantage, providing information regarding not only time of day but also time of year. Forward genetic screens in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) have led to the identification of many clock components, but the functions of most of these genes remain obscure. To identify both new constituents of the circadian clock and new alleles of known clock-associated genes, we performed a mutant screen. Using a clock-regulated luciferase reporter, we isolated new alleles of ZEITLUPE, LATE ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL, and GIGANTEA (GI). GI has previously been reported to function in red light signaling, central clock function, and flowering time regulation. Characterization of this and other GI alleles has helped us to further define GI function in the circadian system. We found that GI acts in photomorphogenic and circadian blue light signaling pathways and is differentially required for clock function in constant red versus blue light. Gene expression and epistasis analyses show that TIMING OF CHLOROPHYLL A/B BINDING PROTEIN1 (TOC1) expression is not solely dependent upon GI and that GI expression is only indirectly affected by TOC1, suggesting that GI acts both in series with and in parallel to TOC1 within the central circadian oscillator. Finally, we found that the GI-dependent promotion of CONSTANS expression and flowering is intact in a gi mutant with altered circadian regulation. Thus GI function in the regulation of a clock output can be biochemically separated from its role within the circadian clock.
Ectopic Expression of aBasic Helix-Loop-HelixGene Transactivates Parallel Pathways of Proanthocyanidin Biosynthesis. Structure, Expression Analysis, and Genetic Control ofLeucoanthocyanidin 4-ReductaseandAnthocyanidin ReductaseGenes inLotus corniculatus
Authors: Paolocci Francesco , Robbins Mark P. , Madeo Laura , Arcioni Sergio , Martens Stefan , Damiani Francesco 
Published: November 2006

AbstractProanthocyanidins (PAs) are plant secondary metabolites and are composed primarily of catechin and epicatechin units in higher plant species. Due to the ability of PAs to bind reversibly with plant proteins to improve digestion and reduce bloat, engineering this pathway in leaves is a major goal for forage breeders. Here, we report the cloning and expression analysis of anthocyanidin reductase (ANR) and leucoanthocyanidin 4-reductase (LAR), two genes encoding enzymes committed to epicatechin and catechin biosynthesis, respectively, in Lotus corniculatus. We show the presence of two LAR gene families (LAR1 and LAR2) and that the steady-state levels of ANR and LAR1 genes correlate with the levels of PAs in leaves of wild-type and transgenic plants. Interestingly, ANR and LAR1, but not LAR2, genes produced active proteins following heterologous expression in Escherichia coli and are affected by the same basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor that promotes PA accumulation in cells of palisade and spongy mesophyll. This study provides direct evidence that the same subclass of transcription factors can mediate the expression of the structural genes of both branches of PA biosynthesis.