bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in medical student attendance and its impact on student educational outcomes: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Nagappan Palaniappan Ganesh , Brown Samuel , McManus Alex , Sayers Sarah , Absar Shazia , Tan Sapphire Rou Xi , Kuhn Isla , Lau Edward , Tulinius Charlotte 
Published: March 2024

IntroductionThe COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on medical education, with many institutions shifting to online learning to ensure the safety of students and staff. However, there has been a decline in in-person attendance at medical schools across the UK and worldwide following the relaxation of social distancing rules and the reinstation of in-person teaching. Importantly, this trend has been observed prior to the pandemic. While reflected within the literature, there is currently no systematic review describing these changes. We aim to find out how medical students’ attendance is changing as documented within the literature and its impact on their educational outcomes.Methods and analysisThis systematic review will follow the guidelines of the Centre of Research and Dissemination, Meta-analyses of Observational Studies in Epidemiology and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. We will search the major databases of Medline via Ovid, Embase via Ovid, Scopus, Web of Science, British Education Index via EBSCOhost and ERIC via EBSCOhost.Two reviewers will independently screen each paper and extract data, with a third reviewer for dispute resolution. All studies reporting on medical students from various universities, both graduate and undergraduate and describing changes in attendance and/or students‘ educational outcomes will be included. Risk of bias in individual studies will be assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and confidence in cumulative evidence will be evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation-Confidence in the Evidence from Reviews of Qualitative Research approach. A narrative synthesis of the findings from all included studies will be reported.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required for this systematic review of existing publicly available literature. We will subsequently aim to publish the results of this systematic review in a peer-reviewed journal.
Impact of evidence-based guidelines on healthcare utilisation and costs for disc related sciatica in the Netherlands: a population-based, cross-sectional study
Authors: van Munster Juliëtte , Noordenbos Mark W , Halperin I J Y , van den Hout Wilbert B , van Benthem Peter Paul , Seinen Ingrid , Moojen Wouter A , Peul Wilco 
Published: March 2024

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to assess the impact of high-quality evidence supporting surgical treatment of lumbar disc herniation (LDH) on healthcare practice in the Netherlands by examining changes in healthcare utilisation, including the timing of surgery, and the healthcare costs for patients with LDH.DesignA retrospective, cross-sectional study was performed using population-based, longitudinal data obtained from the Dutch Healthcare Authority (2007–2020) and NIVEL’s primary care (2012–2020) administrative databases.SettingThe study was conducted within the healthcare system of the Netherlands.ParticipantsWe included adults (≥18 years) who visited a Dutch hospital or a general practitioner (GP) for lumbar degenerative disc disease. Patients with LDH were identified based on registered diagnosis code, type of surgery (discectomy) and age (<56 years).Main outcome measuresThe primary outcome measure was the difference in the annual number of LDH procedures following the publication of evidence-based guidelines in 2009 (comparing the periods 2007–2009 to 2017–2019). Secondary outcome measures focused on the timing of surgery and associated healthcare costs. To validate the outcomes, secondary outcomes also include the number of discectomies and the number of procedures in the younger age group (discectomies, laminectomies, and fusion surgery).ResultsThe number of patients suffering from LDH increased from 55 581 to 68 997 (+24%) between 2007 and 2019. A decrease was observed in the annual number of LDH procedures (−18%), in the number of discectomies (−22%) and in the number of procedures for patients aged <56 years (−18%). This resulted in lower healthcare costs by €10.5 million annually. In 2012, 31% of all patients <56 years had surgery before 12 weeks from diagnosis at the GP, whereas 20% did in 2019.ConclusionsHealthcare utilisation for LDH changed tremendously in the Netherlands between 2007 and 2020 and seemed to be associated with the publication and implementation of evidence-based guidelines. The observed decrease in the number of procedures has been accompanied by a corresponding reduction in healthcare costs. These findings underscore the importance of adhering to evidence-based guidelines to optimise the management of patients with LDH.
Prevalence and predictors of lifetime amphetamine use among in-school adolescents in Sierra Leone.
Authors: Osborne Augustus , Aboagye Richard Gyan , Olorunsaiye Comfort Z , James Peter Bai , Bangura Camilla , Seidu Abdul-Aziz , Kangbai Jia B , Ahinkorah Bright Opoku 
Published: March 2024

ObjectiveThis study examined the prevalence of amphetamine use and its associated factors among in-school adolescents in Sierra Leone.DesignData for the study was sourced from the 2017 Sierra Leone Global School-based Health Survey. Percentages with confidence intervals (CIs) were used to present the prevalence of amphetamine use among in-school adolescents. A multivariable binary logistic regression analysis was employed to examine the factors associated with amphetamine use. The results were presented using adjusted odds ratios (aORs) with 95% CIs.SettingSierra Leone.ParticipantsA weighted sample of 1,314 in-school adolescents in Sierra Leone.Outcome measureLifetime amphetamine use.ResultsThe prevalence of amphetamine use was 6.1% (3.9%–9.5%). In-school adolescents who planned suicide were more likely to use amphetamine compared with those who did not (aOR 2.54; 95% CI 1.02 to 6.31). Also, the odds of amphetamine use were higher among in-school adolescents who received support from their peers (aOR 3.19, 95% CI 1.71 to 5.96), consumed alcohol (aOR 4.85, 95% CI 2.61 to 9.03), and those who had previously used marijuana (aOR 13.31, 95% CI 6.61 to 28.78) compared with those who did not receive any support, never consumed alcohol, and never used marijuana, respectively.ConclusionAmphetamine use is prevalent among in-school adolescents in Sierra Leone. There is a need to implement comprehensive public health policies that extend beyond school-based psychobehavioural therapies. These policies should specifically address the considerable risk factors associated with amphetamine use among in-school adolescents in Sierra Leone.
Association between body mass index and burnout among nurses in China: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Miao Liangzhuang , Niu Xiaogui , Huang Minxiang , Cao Gaofang , Fu Chang 
Published: March 2024

ObjectivesBody mass index (BMI) can affect an individual’s health. The night shift is a characteristic of the nursing profession, which is associated with an abnormal BMI. However, few studies have investigated the association between BMI and burnout in Chinese nurses. This study examined the association between BMI and burnout among Chinese nurses.MethodsA total of 1863 nurses from 12 tertiary hospitals in Shandong Province of China were selected. BMI was calculated as body weight divided by height squared. The Maslach Burnout Service Inventory General Survey (MBI-GS) was used to measure the level of burnout among nurses. Ordinal logistic regression was used to analyse the association between BMI and burnout.ResultsIn this study, the prevalence of normal BMI, underweight, overweight, and obesity was 69.2%, 7.5%, 18.2%, and 5.2%, respectively. The prevalence of high emotional exhaustion, high cynicism, and low personal accomplishment among nurses was 26.1%, 38.7%, and 35.6%, respectively. Nurses who were obese were more likely to have high levels of emotional exhaustion (OR=1.493, 95% CI: 1.011 to 2.206) and cynicism (OR=1.511, 95% CI: 1.014 to 2.253), and nurses who were underweight were more likely to have high levels of cynicism (OR=1.593, 95% CI: 1.137 to 2.232) compared with those who were normal weight.ConclusionsObesity was positively associated with emotional exhaustion and cynicism, and being underweight was only positively associated with cynicism among Chinese nurses. Hospital administrators should consider BMI when taking effective measures to reduce burnout among nurses.
Portable devices for diagnosis and monitoring of glaucoma: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Garba Farouk , Kyari Fatima , Nolan Winifred , Burton Matthew J , Gordon Iris , Evans Jennifer R , Hu Victor H 
Published: March 2024

IntroductionGlaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness in the world. The need to diagnose glaucoma early in its natural history before extensive sight loss occurs cannot be overemphasised. However, glaucoma is largely asymptomatic in the early stages of the disease making it complex to diagnose clinically and requires the support of technology. The objective of this scoping review is to determine the nature and extent of the evidence for use of portable devices in the diagnosis of glaucoma.MethodsWe will consider studies conducted in all healthcare settings using portable devices for the detection of all type of adult glaucoma. We will also include any systematic reviews or scoping reviews, which relate to this topic. Searches will be conducted in MEDLINE, Embase, CENTRAL on the Cochrane Library and Global Health databases, from their inception to the present. Reference lists from publications identified in the searches will also be reviewed. Two authors will independently screen titles and abstracts, followed by full-text screening to assess studies for inclusion. Any disagreements will be discussed and resolved with a third author. Tables accompanied by narrative descriptions will be employed to discuss results and show how it relates to review questions.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required in this review. Only published and publicly accessible data will be used. We will publish our findings in an open-access, peer-reviewed journal and develop an accessible summary of results and recommendations.
Willingness to purchase institutionalised elderly services and influencing factors among Chinese older adults: a nationwide cross-sectional study
Authors: Zhu Rui , Hou Wenjie , Wang Lingmeng , Zhang Chenchen , Guo Xing , Luo Dan , Wang Fuzhi 
Published: March 2024

ObjectivesIn view of the serious ageing of China’s population and the low desire of elderly people to purchase institutionalised elderly care services, we explored the willingness of Chinese elderly people to purchase institutionalised elderly care services and its influencing factors.DesignThis was a cross-sectional study. Three multivariate logistic regression analysis models of the willingness of elderly people to purchase institutionalised elderly care services were established (model 1: ‘reluctance – willingness’; model 2: ‘reluctance – hesitation’; and model 3: ‘hesitation – willingness’) to explore the factors that influence elderly people’s willingness to purchase institutionalised elderly care services.SettingThis study was based on the 2022 Psychology and Behaviour Investigation of Chinese Residents database.ParticipantsResearch data from 4123 older adults who met the requirements of this study were screened from the database.ResultsOf the 4123 respondents, roughly equal numbers had negative and positive attitudes towards purchasing institutionalised senior care services (1125, 27.3% vs 1079, 26.2%, respectively), and 1919 (46.5%) had hesitant attitudes. The analysis of model 1 showed that medical insurance participation, the number of children and siblings, chronic diseases and per capita monthly household income had an influential effect on the willingness of elderly people to purchase institutional care. In model 2, we found that factors such as per capita monthly household income and anxiety led to hesitancy among older adults to purchase institutionalised senior care services. In model 3, we further found that social support and health literacy led to a shift from hesitation to willingness to purchase institutionalised elderly care services.ConclusionThe number of children, number of siblings, per capita monthly income of the family, medical insurance participation, health status, health literacy and social support were found to be the main factors influencing the purchase of institutionalised care by elderly individuals.
Overloaded transnidal pressure gradient as the hemodynamic mechanism leading to arteriovenous malformation rupture: a quantitative analysis using intravascular pressure monitoring and color-coded digital subtraction angiography
Authors: Zhang Yukun , Chen Yu , Li Ruinan , Ma Li , Han Heze , Li Zhipeng , Zhang Haibin , Yuan Kexin , Zhao Yang , Jin Weitao , Chen Pingting , Zhou Wanting , Ye Xun , Li Youxiang , Wang Shuo , Chen Xiaolin , Zhao Yuanli 
Published: March 2024

BackgroundThe hemodynamics of brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) may have implications for hemorrhage. This study aimed to explore the hemodynamics of ruptured AVMs by direct microcatheter intravascular pressure monitoring (MIPM) and indirect quantitative digital subtraction angiography (QDSA).MethodsWe recruited patients with AVMs at a tertiary neurosurgery center from October 2020 to March 2023. In terms of MIPM, we preoperatively super-selected a predominant feeding artery and main draining vein through angiography to measure intravascular pressure before embolization. In processing of QDSA, we adopted previously standardized procedure for quantitative hemodynamics analysis of pre-embolization digital subtraction angiography (DSA), encompassing main feeding artery, nidus, and the main draining vein. Subsequently, we investigated the correlation between AVM rupture and intravascular pressure from MIPM, as well as hemodynamic parameters derived from QDSA. Additionally, we explored the interrelationships between hemodynamic indicators in both dimensions.ResultsAfter strict screening of patients, our study included 10 AVMs (six ruptured and four unruptured). We found that higher transnidal pressure gradient (TPG) (53.00±6.36 vs 39.25±8.96 mmHg, p=0.042), higher feeding artery pressure (FAP) (72.83±5.46 vs 65.00±6.48 mmHg, p=0.031) and higher stasis index of nidus (3.54±0.73 vs 2.43±0.70, p=0.043) were significantly correlated with AVM rupture. In analysis of interrelationships between hemodynamic indicators in both dimensions, a strongly positive correlation (r=0.681, p=0.030) existed between TPG and stasis index of nidus.ConclusionsTPG and FAP from MIPM platform and nidus stasis index from QDSA platform were correlated with AVM rupture, and both were positively correlated, suggesting that higher pressure load within nidus may be the central mechanism leading to AVM rupture.
Psychological safety in the perioperative environment: a cost-consequence analysis
Authors: Cladis Franklyn P , Hudson Mark , Goh Joel 
Published: March 2024

IntroductionPsychologically unsafe healthcare environments can lead to high levels of staff turnover, and unwanted financial burden. In this study, we investigate the hypothesis that lower levels of psychological safety are associated with higher levels of turnover, within an anaesthesiology department and we estimate the cost attributable to low psychological safety, driven by turnover costs.MethodsPsychological safety was measured in one academic department. The psychological safety score was correlated with ‘intention to leave’ using linear regression and Pearson correlation and a cost-consequence analysis was performed.ResultsOne hundred and thirty-eight physician anaesthesiologists (MDs) and 282 certified registered nurse anaesthetists (CRNAs) were surveyed. The response rate was 67.4% (93/138) for MDs and 60.6% (171/282) for CRNAs. There was an inverse relationship between psychological safety and turnover intent for both MDs (Pearson correlation −0.373, p value <0.0002) and CRNAs (Pearson correlation −0.486, p value <0.0002). The OR of intent to turn over in the presence of low psychological safety was 6.86 (95% CI 1.38 to 34.05) for MDs and 8.93 (95% CI 4.27 to 18.68) for CRNAs. The cost-consequence analysis demonstrated the cost of low psychological safety related to turnover per year was $337, 428 for MDs and $14, 024, 279 for CRNAs. Reducing low psychological safety in CRNAs from 31.6% to 20% reduces the potential cost of low psychological to $8 876 126.03.ConclusionThere is a cost relationship between low psychological safety and turnover. Low psychological safety in an academic anaesthesiology department may result in staff turnover, and potentially high financial costs.
Cancer centre information and support services and patient needs: participatory action research study
Authors: Driessen Helen P A , Busschbach Jan J V , Elfrink Erna J , van der Rijt Carin C D , Paardekooper Gabriël M R M , den Hollander Corine J , Kranenburg Leonieke W 
Published: March 2024

ObjectivesClear information and supportive care are necessary for oncology patients and their relatives to manage the disease (trajectory). Centres for information and support aim to address their needs by offering informal and non-medical formal services. This study evaluated whether the centres’ services offered meet the needs of its visitors, and whether there is interest for these among oncology patients treated at affiliated hospitals.MethodsIn this participatory action research, interviews were conducted among visitors of two centres (Patient Information Center Oncology (PATIO) and IntermeZZo) and among patients treated at the affiliated hospitals. Visitors were interviewed to share their experiences regarding the centres’ services offered. Patients from the hospitals were interviewed about their interest in such support. Data were collected during three different periods and adjustments were made to the centres’ services between measurements.Results111 (PATIO) and 123 visitors (IntermeZZo) were interviewed, and 189 and 149 patients at the respective hospitals. Reasons to visit PATIO/IntermeZZo were to relax (93.1%), seek professional advice (54.6%) and meet peers (36.3%). Visitors indicated that the visits met their needs (99.1%), citing the accessible support and the expertise in oncology. 20% of patients interviewed at the hospitals expressed interest in visiting PATIO/IntermeZZo. The majority of patients (89.6%) considered these centres an integral part of their treatment process. These findings were stable over time.ConclusionsPatients and their relatives highly value the services of hospital-affiliated centres for information and support. Future research should address how such centres best be integrated in the Dutch healthcare system.
Anomalous spin precession systematic effects in the search for a muon EDM using the frozen-spin technique
Authors: Cavoto G. , Chakraborty R. , Doinaki A. , Dutsov C. , Giovannozzi M. , Hume T. , Kirch K. , Michielsen K. , Morvaj L. , Papa A. , Renga F. , Sakurai M. , Schmidt-Wellenburg P. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAt the Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI), we are developing a high-precision apparatus with the aim of searching for the muon electric dipole moment (EDM) with unprecedented sensitivity. The underpinning principle of this experiment is the frozen-spin technique, a method that suppresses the spin precession due to the anomalous magnetic moment, thereby enhancing the signal-to-noise ratio for EDM signals. This increased sensitivity enables measurements that would be difficult to achieve with conventional $$g - 2$$

g
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2

muon storage rings. Given the availability of the $${125}\,{\textrm{MeV}/\textit{c}}$$

125

MeV
/
c

muon beam at PSI, the anticipated statistical sensitivity for the EDM after a year of data collection is $${6\times 10^{-23}}\,{e\!\cdot \!\textrm{cm}}.$$

6
×

10

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23

e

·

cm

.

To achieve this goal, it is imperative to do a detailed analysis of any potential spurious effects that could mimic EDM signals. In this study, we present a quantitative methodology to evaluate the systematic effects that might arise in the context of the frozen-spin technique utilised within a compact storage ring. Our approach involves the analytical derivation of equations governing the motion of the muon spin in the electromagnetic (EM) fields intrinsic to the experimental setup, validated through numerical simulations. We also illustrate a method to calculate the cumulative geometric (Berry’s) phase. This work complements ongoing experimental efforts to detect a muon EDM at PSI and contributes to a broader understanding of spin-precession systematic effects.
Accelerating AdS black holes in gravity’s rainbow
Authors: Panah B. Eslam , Zare S. , Hassanabadi H. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMotivated by the effect of the energy of moving particles in C-metric, we first obtain exact accelerating black hole solutions in gravity’s rainbow. Then, we study the effects of gravity’s rainbow and C-metric parameters on the Ricci and Kretschmann scalars, and also the asymptotical behavior of this solution. Next, we indicate how different parameters of the obtained accelerating black holes in gravity’s rainbow affect thermodynamics quantities (such as the Hawking temperature, and entropy) and the local stability (by evaluating the heat capacity). In the following, we extract the geodesic equations to determine the effects of various parameters on photon trajectory in the vicinity of this black hole, as well as obtain the radius of the photon sphere and the corresponding critical impact parameter to gain insight into AdS black hole physics by adding the gravity’s rainbow to C-metric.
Exploring the Interplay Between Language Comprehension and Cortical Tracking: The Bilingual Test Case
Authors: Baus Cristina , Millan Iris , Chen Xuanyi Jessica , Blanco-Elorrieta Esti 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Cortical tracking, the synchronization of brain activity to linguistic rhythms is a well-established phenomenon. However, its nature has been heavily contested: Is it purely epiphenomenal or does it play a fundamental role in speech comprehension? Previous research has used intelligibility manipulations to examine this topic. Here, we instead varied listeners’ language comprehension skills while keeping the auditory stimulus constant. To do so, we tested 22 native English speakers and 22 Spanish/Catalan bilinguals learning English as a second language (SL) in an EEG cortical entrainment experiment and correlated the responses with the magnitude of the N400 component of a semantic comprehension task. As expected, native listeners effectively tracked sentential, phrasal, and syllabic linguistic structures. In contrast, SL listeners exhibited limitations in tracking sentential structures but successfully tracked phrasal and syllabic rhythms. Importantly, the amplitude of the neural entrainment correlated with the amplitude of the detection of semantic incongruities in SLs, showing a direct connection between tracking and the ability to understand speech. Together, these findings shed light on the interplay between language comprehension and cortical tracking, to identify neural entrainment as a fundamental principle for speech comprehension.