bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study of Topography of Stylomastoid Foramen With Respect to Nearby Landmarks to Carry Out Facial Nerve Block With Minimum Complications
Authors: Singh Rajani 
Published: February 2024

Nadbath facial nerve block is the most common procedure to anesthetize the facial nerve at stylomastoid foramen in intraocular surgeries, but it is associated with complications. Also, this foramen exhibits ethnic and racial variations with regard to its location. There is scanty literature describing the topographical location of this foramen. So, the study is carried out. The purpose of the study is to describe the topography of stylomastoid foramen from the surrounding landmarks so that Nadbath facial nerve block can be performed with minimum complications. The study was conducted using 80 adult dry skulls of unknown age and sex, and the distance of this foramen was measured from the tip, upper end, and lower end of the anterior border of the mastoid process and jugular foramen. The statistical analysis consisting of mean, SD, median, range mode, and t test was calculated. Mean distances of stylomastoid foramen from the upper end, the lower end of anterior border and tip of mastoid process and jugular foramen on right side were 1.5±0.16, 1.02±0.09, 0.84±0.09, and 0.49±0.06 cm and those on left side were 1.5±0.16, 1.02±0.09, 0.84±0.09, and 0.5±0.06 cm, respectively. The mode of these distances was 1.5, 1, 0.8, and 0.5, both on the right and left sides. The topographic information about stylomastoid foramen given in this study is useful to anesthetists to carry out Nadbath facial nerve block successfully with minimum complications.
The latent net effectiveness of institutional complexes: a heuristic model
Authors: Adipudi Ashok Vardhan , Kim Rakhyun E. 
Published: February 2024

International institutions strive to achieve their own objectives while operating within a complex network of interdependencies. These interdependencies create an extensive web of relationships that serve as potential pathways for broader institutional impacts. The actions taken by individual institutions, their mutual influences, and the pattern of connectivity collectively shape the overall performance of institutional complexes. Understanding the performance of these complexes is crucial, yet we currently lack a methodology to assess it. To address this gap, we have developed a conceptual framework that integrates three distinct areas of study on three different scales: institutional effectiveness, institutional interlinkages, and institutional networks. This framework enables us to consider what we call the latent net effectiveness, or collective problem-solving potential, of a group of interconnected institutions. To put this framework into practice, we have devised a heuristic model, drawing from the extensive literature on international environmental institutions. As an illustrative example, we have applied this model to a network of 378 multilateral environmental agreements with 810 known issue linkages. Our work underscores the relevance of considering the system-level properties of institutional complexes and emphasizes the need for timely network-based governance and policy interventions to enhance the overall effectiveness of institutional complexes.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘A complexity science approach to law and governance'.
Autonomic modulations to cardiac dynamics in response to affective touch: Differences between social touch and self-touch
Authors: Candia-Rivera Diego , Boehme Rebecca , Salamone Paula C. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe autonomic nervous system plays a vital role in self-regulation and responding to environmental demands. Autonomic dynamics have been hypothesized to be involved in perceptual awareness and the physiological implementation of the first-person perspective. Based on this idea, we hypothesized that the autonomic activity measured from cardiac dynamics could differentiate between social touch and self-touch. In our study, we used a newly developed method to analyze the temporal dynamics of cardiac sympathetic and parasympathetic activities during an ecologically valid affective touch experiment. We revealed that different types of touch conditions—social-touch, self-touch, and a control object-touch—resulted in a decrease in sympathetic activity. This decrease was more pronounced during social touch, as compared to the other conditions. Following sympathetic decrease, we quantified an increase in parasympathetic activity specifically during social touch, further distinguishing it from self-touch. Importantly, by combining the sympathetic and parasympathetic indices, we successfully differentiated social touch from the other experimental conditions, indicating that social touch exhibited the most substantial changes in cardiac autonomic indices. These findings may have important clinical implications as they provide insights into the neurophysiology of touch, relevant for aberrant affective touch processing in specific psychiatric disorders and for the comprehension of nociceptive touch.
Searching for Majorana neutrinos at a same-sign muon collider
Authors: Jiang Ruobing , Yang Tianyi , Qian Sitian , Ban Yong , Li Jingshu , You Zhengyun , Li Qiang 
Published: February 2024

Majorana properties of neutrinos have long been a focus in the pursuit of possible new physics beyond the standard model, which has motivated lots of dedicated theoretical and experimental studies. A future same-sign muon collider is an ideal platform to search for Majorana neutrinos through the lepton number violation process: μ+μ+→W+W+. Specifically, this t-channel kind of process is less kinematically suppressed and has a good advantage in probing Majorana neutrinos at high mass regions up to 10 TeV. In this paper, we perform a detailed fast Monte Carlo simulation study by examining three different final states: (1) pure leptonic state with electrons or muons, (2) semileptonic state, and (3) pure hadronic state in the resolved or merged categories. Furthermore, we perform a full simulation study on the pure leptonic final state to validate our fast simulation results.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
S
-wave contribution to rare
D0→π+π−ℓ+ℓ−
decays in the standard model and sensitivity to new physics
Authors: Fajfer Svjetlana , Solomonidi Eleftheria , Vale Silva Luiz 
Published: February 2024

Physics of the up-type flavor offers unique possibilities of testing the standard model (SM) compared to the down-type flavor sector. Here, we discuss SM and new physics (NP) contributions to the rare charm-meson decay D0→π+π−ℓ+ℓ−. In particular, we discuss the effect of including the lightest scalar isoscalar resonance in the SM picture, namely, the f0(500), which manifests in a big portion of the allowed phase space. Other than showing in the total branching ratio at an observable level of about 20%, the f0(500) resonance manifests as interference terms with the vector resonances, such as at high invariant mass of the leptonic pair in distinct angular observables. Recent data from LHCb optimize the sensitivity to P-wave contributions that we analyze in view of the inclusion of vector resonances. We propose the measurement of alternative observables that are sensitive to the S-wave and are straightforward to implement experimentally. This leads to a new set of null observables that vanish in the SM due to its gauge and flavor structures. Finally, we study observables that depend on the SM interference with generic NP contributions from semileptonic four-fermion operators in the presence of the S-wave.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Krylov spaces for truncated spectrum methodologies
Authors: Lájer Márton K. , Konik Robert M. 
Published: February 2024

We propose herein an extension of truncated spectrum methodologies, a nonperturbative numerical approach able to elucidate the low energy properties of quantum field theories. TSMs, in their various flavors, involve a division of a computational Hilbert space, H, into two parts, one part, H1 that is “kept” for the numerical computations, and one part, H2, that is discarded or “truncated.” Even though H2 is discarded, truncated spectrum methodologies will often try to incorporate the effects of H2 in some effective way. In these terms, we propose to keep the dimension of H1 small. We pair this choice of H1 with a Krylov subspace iterative approach able to take into account the effects of H2. This iterative approach can be taken to arbitrarily high order and so offers the ability to compute quantities to arbitrary precision. In many cases it also offers the advantage of not needing an explicit UV cutoff. To compute the matrix elements that arise in the Krylov iterations, we employ a Feynman diagrammatic representation that is then evaluated with Monte Carlo techniques. Each order of the Krylov iteration is variational and is guaranteed to improve upon the previous iteration. The first Krylov iteration is akin to the next-to-leading order approach of Elias-Miró [NLO renormalization in the Hamiltonian truncation, ]. To demonstrate this approach, we focus on the (1+1d)-dimensional ϕ4 model and compute the bulk energy and mass gaps in both the Z2-broken and unbroken sectors. We estimate the critical ϕ4 coupling in the broken phase to be gc=0.2645±0.002.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Oxygen quenching of structurally characterized [5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-fluoro-2,6-dimethylphenyl)porphyrinato]platinum(II)
Authors: Dash Zane S. , Huang Raymond Q. , Kimber Ana N. , Olubajo Opeyemi T. , Polk Mark , Rancu Oliver P. , Zhang Lauren L. , Fu Jane , Nagelj Nejc , Reynolds Kristopher G. , Zheng Shao-Liang , Dogutan Dilek K. 
Published: February 2024

The compound [5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-fluoro-2,6-dimethylphenyl)porphyrinato]platinum(II), [Pt(C52H40F4N4)] or Pt(II)TFP, has been synthesized and structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray crystallography. The Pt porphyrin exhibits a long-lived phosphorescent excited state (τ0 = 66 µs), which has been characterized by transient absorption and emission spectroscopy. The phosphorescence is extremely sensitive to oxygen, as reflected by a quenching rate constant of 5.0 × 108 M
−1 s−1, and as measured by Stern–Volmer quenching analysis.
Exploring the presence of a sex-specific phenotype of autism spectrum disorder in a random cohort of males and females: a retrospective case note service audit
Authors: Day Rebecca , Simmons Luke , Shade Elizabeth , Jennison Jo , Allely Clare S. , Mukherjee Raja A.S. 
Published: February 2024

Purpose
Recent research has proposed a specific female phenotype within autism spectrum disorder (ASD). It suggests females exhibit differences in social communication styles with higher levels of camouflaging and compensatory strategies, as well as variance in restrictive repetitive behaviours (RRBs); however, many existing studies have been based on either small, disproportionate or child and adolescent samples, leaving questions about the specific phenotype. This study aims to explore the sex difference and phenotype in a clinic sample of individuals diagnosed with autism.

Design/methodology/approach
A service evaluation of sex/ gender differences on 150 historical ASD assessment reports (75 males, 75 females) using a 103-item questionnaire developed from a quantitative review of existing literature was undertaken.

Findings
Females camouflaged more significantly than males in five different areas (thinking how to act next, preparing conversation in advance, making lists of prompts/social responses, wearing a mask/acting, less monotone voice); however, these were not maintained in post-analysis correction.

Originality/value
This study points the evidence towards a different phenotype of Autism that is more common in women than men rather than a unique female phenotype.
Absorptive capacity in family firms: exploring the role of the CEO
Authors: Garcés-Galdeano Lucía , Kotlar Josip , Caicedo-Leitón Ana Lucía , Larraza-Kintana Martín , Frattini Federico 
Published: February 2024

PurposeAbsorptive capacity (AC), the ability to leverage external knowledge for innovation, helps explain the mixed findings on family firms' (FFs) innovation performance. Our research focuses on the chief executive officer (CEO)’s role – whether family or non-family and founding or later generation – in influencing AC. We also explore how firm size and environmental dynamism affect these relationships, offering insights into varying AC levels among FFs.Design/methodology/approachOrdinary least squares (OLS) regression models were estimated to test the hypotheses using a sample of 364 FFs in Spain.FindingsFFs’ AC is greater when the CEO is a family member, and even more so when the family CEO belongs to the founding family generation. While AC diminishes in larger FFs, this effect is mitigated when the CEO is a family member. The predicted moderating effect of environmental dynamics is not supported by the analyses.Originality/valueThis paper adds insights about the drivers of heterogeneity in innovation among FFs, addressing recent calls for more nuanced views of how family members drive the strategic behavior of the business and incorporating considerations of different types of FFs based on the identity of the firm CEO. The results overall support the theoretical claims and also open up important questions for future studies.
Science-based targets for higher education? Evaluating alignment between Ivy+ climate action plans and the Science-Based Targets initiative’s net-zero standards
Authors: Velautham Leela , Gregory Jeremy , Newman Julie 
Published: February 2024

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the extent to which a sample of US-based higher education institution’s (HEI’s) climate targets and associated climate action planning efforts align with the definitions of and practices associated with science-based targets (SBTs) that are typically used to organize corporate climate efforts. This analysis will be used to explore similarities and tease out differences between how US-based HEIs and corporations approach sustainable target setting and organize sustainable action.

Design/methodology/approach
The degree of intersection between a sample of HEI climate action plans from Ivy Plus (Ivy+) schools and the current SBT initiative (SBTi) general corporate protocol was assessed by using an objective-oriented evaluative approach.

Findings
While there were some areas of overlap between HEI’s climate action planning and SBTi’s general corporate protocol – for instance, the setting of both short- and long-term targets and large-scale investments in renewable energy – significant areas of difference in sampled HEIs included scant quantitative Scope 3 targets, the use offsets to meet short-term targets and a low absolute annual reduction of Scope 1 and 2 emissions.

Originality/value
This paper unites diverse areas of literature on SBTs, corporate sustainability target setting and sustainability in higher education. It provides an overview of the potential benefits and disadvantages of HEIs adopting SBTs and provides recommendations for the development of sector-specific SBTi guidelines.
Sustainability education and community development in higher education using participatory and case based approaches in India
Authors: Cornet Souresh , Barpanda Saswat , Guidi Marc-Antoine Diego , Viswanathan P.K. 
Published: February 2024

Purpose
This study aims at understanding how higher education institutions (HEIs) can contribute to sustainable development, by designing their programmes for bringing about a transformative impact on communities and students, and also to examine what alternative pedagogical approaches could be used for that. In the past decades, HEIs have increasingly created social innovation (SI) programmes, as a way to achieve United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. These community-oriented and field-based programmes are difficult to ally with conventional classroom education. This study explores how these programmes could integrate the participatory approach and what would be the benefits. It also investigates the effectiveness of the experiential learning approach for teaching sustainability.

Design/methodology/approach
A case study method is used to document SI projects initiated by an HEI programme in rural India.

Findings
It was found that the participatory approach contributes to empowering communities and also benefits the students in terms of academic, professional and personal growth. Empirical findings show that experiential learning is an efficient method to teach sustainability. Ultimately, both pedagogical approaches are found to be mutually beneficial.

Originality/value
This study fills a gap in the literature, by providing empirical evidence on how HEI can implement innovative educational strategies such as participatory approach and experiential learning in their programmes towards teaching sustainability. A conceptual model for HEI interested in developing similar programmes is also proposed. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is one of the first studies focusing on the context of Indian HEI.
Doing wellbeing policy: A discussion on public policy making for integrative prosperity
Authors: Gordon James A. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractFocusing on holistic wellbeing rather than solely economic prosperity is becoming ever more popular among policy makers, both in Australia and New Zealand, and elsewhere. And yet, turning a complex set of system‐level indicators of wellbeing into actionable policy requires us to rethink how we develop, implement, and evaluate policy. In this article, I review the current trends in wellbeing, including developments in the measurement and tracking of wellbeing, and offer practical steps for integrating actionable wellbeing outcomes into future policymaking processes.Points for practitioners
Focusing on wellbeing as part of the policy making process is becoming more popular among governments, including in Australia and New Zealand. The New Zealand Government has been doing wellbeing budgets since 2019 while the Australian Government released a new wellbeing framework in 2023.
Wellbeing policy represents an approach to policy making that aims to maximize the general health and happiness of a target population on both subjective and objective measures of wellbeing. This includes both economic and non‐economic measures of prosperity and wellbeing.
There are many ways of tracking the wellbeing effect of policy and so choosing the right framework is important for effective wellbeing policy making. This starts with a wellbeing purpose for the policy and a clear and concise definition of wellbeing.
Doing wellbeing policy requires a good understanding of what wellbeing represents and how it is measured. You need relevant and measurable indicators of wellbeing, an evaluation strategy, and the ability to reflect and innovate as part of an iterative policy making process.
Homebuyers’ geographic proximity as a predictor of future housing price growth
Authors: Kim Hayoung 
Published: February 2024

AbstractConsidering the prevalent information asymmetry in housing markets, this study demonstrates the predictive power of homebuyers’ geographic proximity on housing prices. At the ZIP‐code level, a 10‐percentage‐point increase in the fraction of local buyers corresponds to a 1.1‐percentage‐point higher housing price growth over the subsequent 2 years. At the individual level, out‐of‐town buyers experience a 0.64‐percentage‐point lower annual return compared to local buyers within a county. These results not only highlight the significant information advantages enjoyed by geographically proximate buyers, but also imply that informationally privileged buyers’ revealed preferences for specific locations could provide informationally disadvantaged buyers with hints about which areas are likely to experience higher housing price growth in the near future.
Cancer stem cell biomarkers SOX2 and Oct4 in cervical cancer patients undergoing chemoradiotherapy
Authors: Chakrabarti Deep , Qayoom Sumaira , Srivastava Kirti , Resu Abigail Veravolu , Kukreja Divya , Goel Madhu Mati , Singh U. S. , Akhtar Naseem , Rajan Shiv , Verma Mranalini , Gupta Rajeev , Bhatt Madan Lal Brahma 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundCancer stem cell biomarkers SRY (sex‐determining region Y)‐box 2 (SOX2) and octamer‐binding transcription factor 4 (Oct4) account for radioresistance in cervical squamous cell cancers (CSCCs). Their clinical implications are limited and contradictory.MethodsIn this prospective cohort study, we recruited patients with FIGO IB2‐IVA CSCC treated with primary chemoradiotherapy on regular follow‐up. Tissue biopsy specimens were evaluated for SOX2 and Oct4 expression by immunohistochemistry, quantified by a product of proportion and intensity scores.ResultsA total of 59 patients were included. Most had a moderately differentiated (81%), keratinizing (59%) CSCC, and ≥FIGO stage IIB disease (95%). SOX2 expression (high:low 21:38 patients) and Oct4 expression (high:low 4:55 patients) had a significant interrelation (p = 0.005, odds ratio (95% CI) − 1.23 (1.004–1.520)). At a median follow‐up of 36 months, the 3‐year overall survival (OS) was 60% and 53% for low and high SOX2 expression (p = 0.856), and 54% and 100% for low and high Oct4 expression (p = 0.114). The 3‐year disease‐frese survival (DFS) was 65% and 50% in the low and high SOX2 expression (p = 0.259), and 59% and 75% for low and high Oct4 expression (p = 0.598). SOX2 expression was the only variable significantly associated with a lower OS and DFS on regression analysis.ConclusionOur study demonstrated a trend toward improved OS and DFS with low SOX2 and high Oct4 expression in CSCC patients undergoing chemoradiotherapy.
Metabolic flexibility in postmenopausal women: Hormone replacement therapy is associated with higher mitochondrial content, respiratory capacity, and lower total fat mass
Authors: Kleis‐Olsen A. S. , Farlov J. E. , Petersen E. A. , Schmücker M. , Flensted‐Jensen M. , Blom I. , Ingersen A. , Hansen M. , Helge J. W. , Dela F. , Larsen S. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAimTo investigate effects of hormone replacement therapy in postmenopausal women on factors associated with metabolic flexibility related to whole‐body parameters including fat oxidation, resting energy expenditure, body composition and plasma concentrations of fatty acids, glucose, insulin, cortisol, and lipids, and for the mitochondrial level, including mitochondrial content, respiratory capacity, efficiency, and hydrogen peroxide emission.Methods22 postmenopausal women were included. 11 were undergoing estradiol and progestin treatment (HT), and 11 were matched non‐treated controls (CONT). Peak oxygen consumption, maximal fat oxidation, glycated hemoglobin, body composition, and resting energy expenditure were measured. Blood samples were collected at rest and during 45 min of ergometer exercise (65% VO2peak). Muscle biopsies were obtained at rest and immediately post‐exercise. Mitochondrial respiratory capacity, efficiency, and hydrogen peroxide emission in permeabilized fibers and isolated mitochondria were measured, and citrate synthase (CS) and 3‐hydroxyacyl‐CoA dehydrogenase (HAD) activity were assessed.ResultsHT showed higher absolute mitochondrial respiratory capacity and post‐exercise hydrogen peroxide emission in permeabilized fibers and higher CS and HAD activities. All respiration normalized to CS activity showed no significant group differences in permeabilized fibers or isolated mitochondria. There were no differences in resting energy expenditure, maximal, and resting fat oxidation or plasma markers. HT had significantly lower visceral and total fat mass compared to CONT.ConclusionUse of hormone therapy is associated with higher mitochondrial content and respiratory capacity and a lower visceral and total fat mass. Resting energy expenditure and fat oxidation did not differ between HT and CONT.