bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis Early Heart Failure Study: Rationale, Design, and Baseline Characteristics
Authors: Beussink-Nelson Lauren , Freed Benjamin H. , Chirinos Julio A. , Brubaker Peter H. , Kitzman Dalane W. , Yeboah Joseph , Rosas Sylvia E. , Hu Mo , Lima João A.C. , Pandit Jay , Bertoni Alain G. , Shah Sanjiv J. 
Published: March 2024

Background:
Current prevalence estimates of heart failure (HF) are primarily based on self-report or HF hospitalizations. There is an unmet need to define the prevalence and pathogenesis of early symptomatic HF, which may be undiagnosed and precedes HF hospitalization.

Methods:
The MESA (Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis) Early HF study was conducted during MESA exam 6 to determine the prevalence of early HF and investigate the transition from risk factors to early HF in a diverse population-based cohort of older adults. Between 2016 and 2018, 3285 MESA participants from 6 field centers underwent comprehensive speckle-tracking echocardiography with passive leg raise maneuver, Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire, 6-minute walk test, arterial stiffness assessment, and proteomics (including NT-proBNP [N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide]).

Results:
Median age was 73 (25th–75th percentile 67–81) years, 53.2% were female, 25.6% were Black, 12.8% were Chinese, and 40.0% were White. The prevalence of HF risk factors was high: hypertension, 61.9%; former or current smoking, 53.7%; obesity 34.8%; diabetes; 24.7%; and chronic kidney disease; 22%. Overt cardiovascular disease, which ranged from 2.1% (HF) to 13.6% (atrial fibrillation), was less common. Of the 3285 participants, 96% underwent proteomics, 94% Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire, 93% speckle-tracking echocardiography with passive leg raise, 82% arterial stiffness exam, and 77% 6-minute walk test. Feasibility of resting speckle-tracking echocardiography (87%–99% across cardiac chambers) and passive leg raise Doppler/speckle-tracking echocardiography (>84%) measurements was high. A total of 120 unique echocardiographic indices were measured.

Conclusions:
The MESA Early HF study is a key resource for cardiovascular researchers who are interested in improving the epidemiological and phenotypic characterization of early HF.

REGISTRATION:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT00005487.
Characterizing the Causal Pathway From Childhood Adiposity to Right Heart Physiology and Pulmonary Circulation Using Lifecourse Mendelian Randomization
Authors: Leyden Genevieve M. , Urquijo Helena , Hughes Alun D. , Davey Smith George , Richardson Tom G. 
Published: March 2024

Background
Observational epidemiological studies have reported an association between childhood adiposity and altered cardiac morphology and function in later life. However, whether this is due to a direct consequence of being overweight during childhood has been difficult to establish, particularly as accounting for other measures of body composition throughout the lifecourse can be exceptionally challenging.

Methods and Results

In this study, we used human genetics to investigate this using a causal inference technique known as lifecourse Mendelian randomization. This approach allowed us to evaluate the effect of childhood body size on 11 measures of right heart and pulmonary circulation independent of other anthropometric traits at various stages in the lifecourse. We found strong evidence that childhood body size has a direct effect on an enlarged right heart structure in later life (eg, right ventricular end‐diastolic volume: β=0.24 [95% CI, 0.15–0.33];
P
=3×10
−7
) independent of adulthood body size. In contrast, childhood body size effects on maximum ascending aorta diameter attenuated upon accounting for body size in adulthood, suggesting that this effect is likely attributed to individuals remaining overweight into later life. Effects of childhood body size on pulmonary artery traits and measures of right atrial function became weaker upon accounting for adulthood fat‐free mass and childhood height, respectively.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that, although childhood body size has a long‐term influence on an enlarged heart structure in adulthood, associations with the other structural components of the cardiovascular system and their function may be largely attributed to body composition at other stages in the lifecourse.
Use of Sodium‐Glucose Cotransporter‐2 Inhibitors and Angiotensin Receptor‐Neprilysin Inhibitors in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation and Heart Failure From 2021 to 2022: An Analysis of Real‐World Data
Authors: Alonso Alvaro , Morris Alanna A. , Naimi Ashley I. , Alam Aniqa B. , Li Linzi , Subramanya Vinita , Chen Lin Yee , Lutsey Pamela L. 
Published: March 2024

Background
Contemporary use of sodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) and angiotensin receptor‐neprilysin inhibitors (ARNi) in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and heart failure (HF) has not been described.

Methods and Results
We analyzed the MarketScan databases for the period January 1, 2021 to July 30, 2022. Validated algorithms were used to identify patients with AF and HF, and to classify patients into HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) or HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). We assessed the prevalence of SGLT2i and ARNi use overall and by HF type. Additionally, we explored correlates of lower use, including demographics and comorbidities. The study population included 60 927 patients (mean age, 75 years; 43% women) diagnosed with AF and HF (85% with HFpEF, 15% with HFrEF). Prevalence of ARNi use was 11% overall (30% in HFrEF, 8% in HFpEF), whereas the corresponding figure was 6% for SGLT2i (13% in HFrEF, 5% in HFpEF). Use of both medications increased over the study period: ARNi from 9% to 12% (22%–29% in HFrEF, 6%–8% in HFpEF), and SGLT2i from 3% to 9% (6%–16% in HFrEF, 2%–7% in HFpEF). Female sex, older age, and specific comorbidities were associated with lower use of these 2 medication types overall and by HF type.

Conclusions
Use of ARNi and SGLT2i in patients with AF and HF is suboptimal, particularly among women and older individuals, though use is increasing. These results underscore the need for understanding reasons for these disparities and developing interventions to improve adoption of evidence‐based therapies among patients with comorbid AF and HF.
Toward Improving the Generation Quality of Autoregressive Slot VAEs
Authors: Emami Patrick , He Pan , Ranka Sanjay , Rangarajan Anand 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Unconditional scene inference and generation are challenging to learn jointly with a single compositional model. Despite encouraging progress on models that extract object-centric representations (“slots”) from images, unconditional generation of scenes from slots has received less attention. This is primarily because learning the multiobject relations necessary to imagine coherent scenes is difficult. We hypothesize that most existing slot-based models have a limited ability to learn object correlations. We propose two improvements that strengthen object correlation learning. The first is to condition the slots on a global, scene-level variable that captures higher-order correlations between slots. Second, we address the fundamental lack of a canonical order for objects in images by proposing to learn a consistent order to use for the autoregressive generation of scene objects. Specifically, we train an autoregressive slot prior to sequentially generate scene objects following a learned order. Ordered slot inference entails first estimating a randomly ordered set of slots using existing approaches for extracting slots from images, then aligning those slots to ordered slots generated autoregressively with the slot prior. Our experiments across three multiobject environments demonstrate clear gains in unconditional scene generation quality. Detailed ablation studies are also provided that validate the two proposed improvements.
Jesus: A Life in Class Conflict
Authors: Wines Megan 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This essay is a review of Jesus: A Life in Class Conflict by James Crossley and Robert J. Myles, a historical materialist exploration of what we know about the life of Jesus and the Jesus movement in first-century Roman Palestine. This review focuses particularly on the ways in which Crossley and Myles engage with considerations of gender and masculinity as part of their engagement with the historical materials.
Jesus, the Crowds, and Historical Agency
Authors: Elliott Neil 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Crossley and Myles’s Jesus: A Life in Class Struggle offers an innovative and accessible reading of the movement around Jesus in terms of class struggle. The authors combine a breadth of knowledge about first-century realities, acumen in exegesis of the Gospel texts, and contemporary crowd theory to reach new conclusions regarding Jesus and his disciples, especially in his last days, and regarding the ‘failure’ of their movement. This review examines their understanding of the ‘Jesus movement’ and its relationship to the Galilean peasantry and their methodology in extrapolating from the Gospels; and proposes a more thorough Marxist theorization of the Gospels’ role in producing the ‘failure’ they describe.
Young Chinese’s Modern Arranged Marriage and Mosaic Familialism in Shanghai
Authors: Ji Yingchun , Lin Zeyu , Liu Yue , Kang Rui 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
With rapid socio-economic development over the past four decades, a unique tapestry of Chinese society has unfolded into a mosaic of rapid modernization and resurgent patriarchal tradition. Within this complex temporality, parents still remain salient in young Chinese’ love and marital life. This study uses data from semi-structured interviews with recently married young people and their parents to investigate how young adults and their parents are involved in the marriage formation process. We found that in this joint process of intergenerational cooperative marriage arrangement, young people and their parents play different roles, as accommodating decision-makers and respectful advisers, respectively. They agreed that a modern marriage based on individual, romantic love was also a union between two families and welcomed their parents’ involvement. Moreover, they considered getting married and taking their parents’ opinions and preferences into account in their marriage decision as part of their filial piety towards their parents. We have also found that mothers played a salient and significant role in facilitating the transformation of the traditional and distant patriarchal intergenerational relationship into a warm and supportive family union. There are two sides to the mother’s role: the entrenchment of the traditional gender roles and the elevation of women’s status in the family.
Digital Work, Emotion Commodification, and Moral Legitimacy: Transnational Bloggers on Chinese Social Media Platforms
Authors: Liu Yuting 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Transnational bloggers, a rising breed of digital workers, foster emotional connections with followers, expand their influence through diverse digital interactions, and generate income through commercial activities. However, the commodification of emotions is met with resistance from select Chinese netizens, raising moral questions. This article explores how transnational bloggers integrate emotion and commerce within China’s platform economy. Our findings show that these bloggers establish positive emotional connections with Chinese followers, characterized by friendship, support, and sharing, which are crucial for sustaining their careers. In their quest for moral legitimacy in transnational digital commerce, they employ various strategies, including posting techniques, marketing strategies, and moral self-negotiation. This article encourages further research on emerging digital workers in the global platform economy, shedding light on their resources, actions, and competencies.
Confucian Liberalism With/out Mou Zongsan: On Roy Tseng’s Confucian Liberalism
Authors: Kim Sungmoon 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In his recent book, Roy Tseng provides one of the most systematic accounts of modern Confucianism that is liberal and moderately perfectionist. Tseng also offers a comprehensive analysis of Mou Zongsan’s political philosophy with special attention to its Hegelian-liberal dimension. This paper critically examines whether Tseng’s constructive and interpretive goals are integrated seamlessly. Its central claim is that while Tseng has succeeded in developing a morally attractive vision of Confucian liberalism through the creative reinterpretation of Confucianism in communication with Hegelian idealism, it is dubious that his extensive investigation of Mou’s political philosophy was necessary for achieving this goal. More specifically, it challenges Tseng’s claim that the idea of Confucian democratic civility is the central component of Mou’s vision of Confucian liberalism by showing that Mou never committed himself to the distinction between moral virtue and civic virtue, the baseline assumption for the possibility of Confucian democratic civility.
6. Journalism and Authorship
Authors: Howsam Leslie 
Published: March 2024

A further aspect of Eliza Orme’s public life in the 1870s, 1880s, and 1890s was her eloquent, engaged, authorship—some of it signed but much of it published anonymously. This chapter situates her as a journalist and editor as well as a lawyer and politician. In more or less chronological order, sections include: ‘Contributions to The Examiner, Englishwoman’s Review and Longman’s (and an index)’ (these comprised her important essays ‘Sound-Minded Women’ and ‘How Poor Ladies Live’ as well as a work of legal scholarship that took the form of indexing Savill Vaizey’s book on marriage settlements); ‘Leaders for the Weekly Dispatch’ (an important aspect of Orme’s life that puts her among a handful of powerful women journalists, but still awaits further research); The Women’s Gazette and the Royal Commission (whatever the political or official purposes of these activities, the editing of the Women’s Gazette was journalism and the several reports of the Royal Commission report constituted authorship); ‘A Trial in India, a literary labour of love, and more’ (Orme’s editing of The Trial of Shama Charan Pal and her biography, Lady Fry of Darlington); ‘National Biography’ (Orme’s three contributions to the 1901 supplementary volume of the Dictionary of National Biography).
This chapter is shaped significantly by Leslie Howsam’s research interests in the history of the book, and of the periodical press, in nineteenth-century Britain.
Potential Predictability of Two-Year Droughts in the Missouri River Basin
Authors: Hoell Andrew , Quan Xiao-Wei , Robinson Rachel , Hoerling Martin 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Potential predictability of 2-yr droughts indicated by low runoff in the consecutive April–September seasons in the upper Missouri River basin (UMRB) and lower Missouri River basin (LMRB) is examined with observed estimates and climate models. The majority of annual runoff is generated in April–September, which is also the main precipitation and evapotranspiration season. Physical features related to low April–September runoff in both UMRB and LMRB include a dry land surface state indicated by low soil moisture, low snowpack indicated by low snow water equivalent, and a wave train across the Pacific–North American region that can be generated internally by the atmosphere or forced by the La Niña phase of El Niño–Southern Oscillation. When present in March, these features increase the risk of low runoff in the following April–September warm seasons. Antecedent low soil moisture significantly increases low runoff risks in each of the following two April–September, as the dry land surfaces decrease runoff efficiency. Initial low snow water equivalent, especially in the Missouri River headwaters of Montana, generates less runoff in the subsequent warm season. La Niña increases the risk of low runoff during the warm seasons by suppressing precipitation via dynamically induced atmospheric circulation anomalies. Model simulations that differ in their radiative forcing suggest that climate change increases the predictability of 2-yr droughts in the Missouri River basin related to La Niña. The relative risk of low runoff in the second April–September following a La Niña event in March is greater in the presence of stronger radiative forcing.

Significance Statement
Drought spanning consecutive years in the upper Missouri River basin (UMRB) and lower Missouri River basin (LMRB) poses threats to a region whose economy depends on reliable water quantity to support transportation and recreation, adequate water supply for irrigated agriculture, and sufficient streamflow to generate hydroelectric power. We examined physical features in March related to low runoff in the following April–September—low soil moisture, low snow water equivalent, and La Niña events—and examined their effect on the risk of 2-yr drought occurrences. These physical features lead to sustained impacts on the surface water balance. Low snow water equivalent generates less runoff, low soil moisture reduces the runoff efficiency of converting precipitation into runoff, and La Niña inhibits warm-season precipitation and runoff via atmospheric circulation anomalies.
Forecasting High Wind Events in the HRRR Model over Wyoming and Colorado. Part II: Sensitivity of Surface Wind Speeds to Model Resolution and Physics
Authors: Collins Ethan , Lebo Zachary J. , Cox Robert , Hammer Christopher , Brothers Matthew , Geerts Bart , Capella Robert , McCorkle Sarah 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Strong wind events can cause severe economic loss and societal impacts. Peak winds over Wyoming and Colorado occur during the wintertime months, and in the first part of this two-part series, it was shown that the High-Resolution Rapid Refresh (HRRR) model displays large negative biases with respect to strong wind events. In this part of the study, we address two questions: 1) does increasing the horizontal resolution improve the representation of strong wind events over this region, and 2) are the biases in HRRR-forecasted winds related to the selected planetary boundary layer (PBL), surface layer (SL), and/or land surface model (LSM) parameterizations? We conduct Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model simulations to address these two main questions. Increasing the horizontal resolution leads to a small improvement in the simulation of strong wind speeds over the complex terrain of Wyoming and Colorado. In general, changes in the PBL, SL, and LSM parameterizations show much larger changes in simulated wind speeds compared to increasing the model resolution alone. Specifically, changing from the Mellor–Yamada–Nakanishi–Niino scheme to the Mellor–Yamada–Janjić PBL and SL schemes results in nearly no change in the r2 values, but there is a decrease in the magnitude of the strong wind speed bias (from −12.52 to −10.16 m s−1). We attribute these differences to differences in the diagnosis of surface wind speeds and mixing in the boundary layer. Further analysis is conducted to determine the value of 1-km forecasts of strong winds compared with wind speed diagnostics commonly used by the National Weather Service.

Significance Statement
Motivated by prior studies showing low skill in the prediction of strong winds using state-of-the-art weather forecast models, in this study, we aim to investigate two questions: 1) does increasing the horizontal resolution improve the prediction of strong wind events over the complex terrain of Wyoming and Colorado, and 2) are the biases in High-Resolution Rapid Refresh (HRRR) forecasted winds related to the selected planetary boundary layer, surface layer, and/or land surface model parameterizations? We find that increasing the horizontal resolution provides a slight improvement in the prediction of strong winds. Further, considerable improvement in the prediction of strong winds is found for varying boundary layer, surface layer, and land surface parameterizations.
Screening of genes characteristic of pancreatic cancer by LASSO regression combined with support vector machine and recursive feature elimination, and immune correlation analysis
Authors: Zeng Longhui , Chen Zheng 
Published: March 2024

Background Pancreatic cancer is a malignant tumor of the digestive tract that shows increased mortality, recurrence, and morbidity year on year. Methods Differentially expressed genes between pancreatic cancer and healthy tissues were first analyzed from four datasets within the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Gene ontology, disease ontology, and gene set enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes were performed, and genes identified as characteristic of pancreatic cancer were screened using LASSO regression combined with support vector machine and recursive feature elimination (SVM–RFE). Differential analysis and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis were performed on the identified eigengenes, and validation was carried out using another dataset from the GEO database. Differences and correlations between characteristic pancreatic cancer genes and immune cells were analyzed. Results A total of 90 differentially expressed genes were identified by screening, and six genes characteristic of pancreatic cancer were obtained by taking the intersection of two characteristic genes identified by machine learning. Immunoassays yielded multiple immune cells associated with pancreatic cancer signature genes. Conclusion The six characteristic genes screened by a combination of LASSO regression and SVM–RFE are potential new biomarkers for the early diagnosis and prognosis of pancreatic cancer, and could be a novel therapeutic target.
Calprotectin as a new inflammatory marker of abdominal aortic aneurysm: A pilot study
Authors: Plana Emma , Oto Julia , Herranz Raquel , Medina Pilar , Cana Fernando , Miralles Manuel 
Published: March 2024

Introduction: Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a relevant clinical problem due to the risk of rupture of progressively dilated infrarenal aorta. It is characterized by degradation of elastic fibers, extracellular matrix, and inflammation of the arterial wall. Though neutrophil infiltration is a known feature of AAA, markers of neutrophil activation are scarcely analyzed; hence, the main objective of this study. Methods: Plasma levels of main neutrophil activation markers were quantified in patients with AAA and a double control group (CTL) formed by healthy volunteers (HV) and patients with severe atherosclerosis submitted for carotid endarterectomy (CE). Calprotectin, a cytoplasmic neutrophil protein, was quantified, by Western blot, in arterial tissue samples from patients with AAA and organ donors. Colocalization of calprotectin and neutrophil elastase was assessed by immunofluorescence. Results: Plasma calprotectin and IL-6 were both elevated in patients with AAA compared with CTL ( p ⩽ 0.0001) and a strong correlation was found between both molecules ( p < 0.001). This difference was maintained when comparing with HV and CE for calprotectin but only with HV for IL-6. Calprotectin was also elevated in arterial tissue samples from patients with AAA compared with organ donors ( p < 0.0001), and colocalized with neutrophils in the arterial wall. Conclusions: Circulating calprotectin could be a specific AAA marker and a potential therapeutical target. Calprotectin is related to inflammation and neutrophil activation in arterial wall and independent of other atherosclerotic events.