bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The surface chemistry of colloidal lead halide perovskite nanowires
Authors: Oddo Alexander M. , Arnold Marcel , Yang Peidong 
Published: April 2024

This study explored the interplay between the ligand–surface chemistry of colloidal CsPbBr3 nanowires (NWs) and their optical properties. The ligand equilibrium was probed using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and by perturbing the equilibrium via dilution, the gradual removal of ligands from the CsPbBr3 surface was observed. This removal was correlated with an increase in the surface defect density, as suggested by a broadening of the photoluminescence (PL) spectrum, a decrease in the PL quantum yield (PLQY), and quenching of the PL decay. These results highlight similar surface binding between the traditional CsPbBr3 quantum dots and our NWs, thereby expanding the scope of well-established ligand chemistry to a relatively unexplored nanocrystal morphology. By controlling the dilution factor, it was revealed that CsPbBr3 NWs achieve a PLQY of 72% ± 2% and a relatively long average PL lifetime of 400 ± 10 ns, without relying on additional surface passivation techniques, such as ligand exchange.
Fluctuating cognitive benefits in children attending early bilingual immersive instruction
Authors: Barbu Cristina-Anca , Gillet Sophie , Poncelet Martine 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Cognitive benefits have been reported in early bilinguals as well as in children attending a Content and Language
Integrated Learning (CLIL) school programme. Recent findings, however, show divergent results. These inconsistent findings seem to
be attributable, among other factors, to the divergent tasks applied. This study aimed to determine whether a two-year CLIL
programme has positive effects by applying the same tasks for which advantages were shown previously and to examine whether
potential gains might impact children’s academic performance. Thirty 7-year-old French-speaking pupils who had been enrolled in a
CLIL programme since the age of 5 and 30 French-speaking monolinguals following a traditional school programme were compared on
different attentional and executive tasks after being matched on potential confounding variables. No attentional and executive
differences were observed, but a significant effect was observed in favour of monolinguals on a task assessing mathematical
skills. The implications of these results are discussed.
Of infiltrators and wild beasts
Authors: Demata Massimiliano 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This paper addresses Benjamin Netanyahu’s border discourse in the context of radical right-wing populism. It
discusses how, in the speeches and statements appearing in his official government website, Netanyahu construes groups located
spatially outside Israel’s borders, mainly terrorists and migrants (the “wild beasts” and the “infiltrators”), as existential
threats to Israel. The aim is to prove that, in legitimizing the militarization of borders through “security fences”, so that the
“other” can be excluded from the nation, Netanyahu uses the same power geometries and discursive strategies, i.e. Proximization
(Cap 2013) and dehumanizing metaphors (Santa
Ana 1999, Musolff 2015, Taylor
2021), typically used by right-wing populist parties and leaders. By appealing to both populism and certain
interpretations of Zionism, his ethnonationalist view of borders is based on the normalization of the discourse of delegitimation
and exclusion of those groups considered as a threat to the nation.
Sentence processing in bilingual children
Authors: Pontikas George , Cunnings Ian , Marinis Theodoros 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Research in sentence processing in bilingual children is emergent but incomplete as very few studies examine the
processing of structurally complex sentences or bilingual children’s real-time interpretation of sentences. One underexplored
linguistic feature which can offer insights in this direction are garden-path sentences, i.e., sentences with temporary syntactic
ambiguity. These are difficult to process for monolingual children as incremental processing results in an initial
misinterpretation and the need for reanalysis. Studies on bilingual children’s processing of garden-path sentences have used
paradigms with limited ecological validity and which are not informative about one’s interpretation while listening. This study
bridges this gap by investigating the processing of garden-path sentences in bilingual children with the visual-world eye-tracking
paradigm. It further explores the role of referential context in the visual stimuli to aid disambiguation. Monolingual and
bilingual children aged 8–11 years completed a task similar to Trueswell et al. (1999).
The results showed similar difficulty with revising garden-path sentences as evidenced by comprehension accuracy for both groups
but only the monolinguals showed real-time garden-path effects in the gaze data. We interpret these findings as a manifestation of
slower sentence processing in bilingual children. Both groups made limited use of the referential context to facilitate
processing.
Teratosphaeria destructans (Wingfield & Crous) Wingfield & Crous
Authors: CABI  , EPPO  
Published: April 2024

Abstract
A new distribution map is provided for Teratosphaeria destructans (Wingfield & Crous) Wingfield & Crous Dothideomycetes: Mycosphaerellales: Teratosphaeriaceae Host: Eucalyptus spp.
Fragmentation and charge transfer in cyclic dipeptides with an aromatic side chain induced by VUV radiation
Authors: Carlini Laura , Casavola Anna Rita , Chiarinelli Jacopo , Porcelli Francesco , Molteni Elena , Mattioli Giuseppe , Bolognesi Paola , Sangalli Davide , Vismarra Federico , Wu Yingxuan , Borrego-Varillas Rocio , Nisoli Mauro , Singh Manjot , Valadan Mohammadhassan , Altucci Carlo , Richter Robert , Avaldi Lorenzo 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The fragmentation of three cyclic dipeptides (c-Glycil-Phenylalanine, c-Tryptophan-Tyrosine and c-Tryptophan-Tryptophan), characterized by an aromatic side chain, has been investigated by synchrotron radiation and photoelectron-photoion coincidence (PEPICO) experiments, assisted by atomistic simulations. The PEPICO experiments show that the charged moiety containing the aromatic side chain is the main fragment in the three samples. The theoretical exploration of the potential energy surfaces has allowed to identify the possible fragmentation paths leading to the formation of these fragments. Then, the analysis of the differences in the electronic density distributions of the neutral molecule and the cation and a molecular dynamics simulation provided an understanding of the preferred localization of the positive charge on the aromatic side chain of the cyclic dipeptide.
A Hopular based weighting scheme for improving kinematic GNSS positioning in deep urban canyon
Authors: Zhou Zelin , Liu Baoyu , Yang Hongzhou 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Global navigation satellite system (GNSS) positioning performance in the urban dense environment experiences significant deterioration due to frequent non-line-of-sight (NLOS) and multipath errors. An accurate weighting scheme is critical for positioning, especially in urban environment. Traditional methods for determining the weights of observations typically rely on the carrier-to-noise density ratio (C/N0) and the elevations from satellites to receivers. Nevertheless, the performance of these methods is degraded in the dense urban settings, as C/N0 and elevation measurements fail to fully capture the intricacies of NLOS and multipath errors. In this paper, a novel GNSS observations weighting scheme based on Hopular GNSS signal classifier, which can accurately identify the LOS/NLOS signals using medium-sized training dataset, is proposed to improve the urban kinematic navigation solution in real-time kinematic positioning mode. Four GNSS features: C/N0, time-differenced code-minus-carrier, loss of lock indicator and satellite’s elevation, are employed in the training of the Hopular based signal classifier. The performance of the new method is validated using two urban kinematic datasets collected by a U-blox F9P receiver with a low-cost antenna, in downtown Calgary. For the first testing dataset, the results show that the Hopular based weighting scheme outperforms the three most commonly used GNSS observations weighting schemes: C/N0, elevation, and a combined C/N0-elevation approach. Approximately 10.089 m of horizontal root-mean-squared (RMS) positioning error and 12.592 m of vertical RMS error are achieved using the proposed method; with improvements of 78.83%, 46.82% and 43.27% on horizontal positioning accuracy and 54.00%, 47.51% and 49.69% on vertical positioning accuracy, compared to using C/N0, elevation and C/N0-elevation combined weighting schemes, respectively. For the second testing dataset, a similar performance is achieved with nearly 11.631 m of horizontal RMS error and 10.158 m of vertical RMS error; improvements of 64.58%, 32.90% and 22.40% on horizontal positioning accuracy and 71.99%, 65.24% and 55.88% on vertical positioning accuracy are achieved, compared to using C/N0, elevation and C/N0-elevation combined weighting schemes, respectively.
Improved DBO-VMD and optimized DBN-ELM based fault diagnosis for control valve
Authors: Zhang Dengfeng , Zhang Chi , Han Xiaodong , Wang Cunsong 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Control valves play a vital role in process production. In practical applications, control valves are prone to blockage and leakage faults. At the small control valve openings, the vibration signals exhibit the drawbacks of significant interference and weak fault characteristics, which causes subpar fault diagnosis performance. To address the issue, a diagnostic model based on optimized variational mode decomposition (VMD) and improved deep belief network-extreme learning machine (DBN-ELM) is proposed. Firstly, good point set population initialization, nonlinear convergence factor, and adaptive Gaussian–Cauchy mutation strategies are applied in the dung beetle optimization algorithm (DBO) to escape local optima. Then, the improved DBO (IDBO) is used to optimize VMD parameters to obtain a series of modal components. Next, the generalized dispersion entropy (GDE) is formed by the combination of generalized Gaussian distribution and refined composite multiscale fluctuation-based dispersion entropy. The maximum correlation coefficient modal components are applied to extract GDE. Finally, the IDBO is applied to optimize the parameters of the DBN-ELM network to improve the classification performance of control valve faults. The comparative experiment results demonstrate that the proposed model can extract effective features and the diagnostic accuracy reaches 99.87%.
Understanding the effects of microbubble concentration on localization accuracy in super-resolution ultrasound imaging
Authors: Lerendegui Marcelo , Yan Jipeng , Stride Eleanor , Dunsby Christopher , Tang Meng-Xing 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Super-resolution ultrasound (SRUS) through localising and tracking of microbubbles (MBs) can achieve sub-wavelength resolution for imaging microvascular structure and flow dynamics in deep tissue in vivo. The technique assumes that signals from individual MBs can be isolated and localised accurately, but this assumption starts to break down when the MB concentration increases and the signals from neighbouring MBs start to interfere. The aim of this study is to gain understanding of the effect of MB–MB distance on ultrasound images and their localisation. Ultrasound images of two MBs approaching each other were synthesised by simulating both ultrasound field propagation and nonlinear MB dynamics. Besides the distance between MBs, a range of other influencing factors including MB size, ultrasound frequency, transmit pulse sequence, pulse amplitude and localisation methods were studied. The results show that as two MBs approach each other, the interference fringes can lead to significant and oscillating localisation errors, which are affected by both the MB and imaging parameters. When modelling a clinical linear array probe operating at 6 MHz, localisation errors between 20 and 30 μm (∼1/10 wavelength) can be generated when MBs are ∼500 μm (2 wavelengths or ∼1.7 times the point spread function (PSF)) away from each other. When modelling a cardiac probe operating at 1.5 MHz, the localisation errors were as high as 200 μm (∼1/5 wavelength) even when the MBs were more than 10 wavelengths apart (2.9 times the PSF). For both frequencies, at smaller separation distances, the two MBs were misinterpreted as one MB located in between the two true positions. Cross-correlation or Gaussian fitting methods were found to generate slightly smaller localisation errors than centroiding. In conclusion, caution should be taken when generating and interpreting SRUS images obtained using high agent concentration with MBs separated by less than 1.7 to 3 times the PSF, as significant localisation errors can be generated due to interference between neighbouring MBs.
Electron ITB formation in EAST high poloidal beta plasmas under dominant electron heating
Authors: Wang Z H , Zhang B , Gong X Z , Qian J P , Li P , Hu Y C , Wang W , Jia T Q , Guo Y T , Zang Q , Wang S X , Lu D A 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Plasma confinement and transport in tokamaks play a crucial role in the development of high poloidal beta steady-state operation scenarios. Therefore, it is very important to study the relevant mechanism of internal transport barriers (ITBs), which can help plasmas to obtain better confinement in order to achieve higher fusion gain. This paper mainly introduces the analysis of the characteristics of electron heat transport of discharges with ITB in high

β

P

operation regime in Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST). Based on the statistical analysis of stable discharges with

β

P

> 1.5, it is found that there is an obvious bifurcation of the normalised electron temperature gradient (ETG) (

R

/

L

T

e

) in the range of

β

P

= 2–2.2. Then the discharges of lower

β

P

(

β

P

< 2, where the value of

β

P

is below the bifurcation threshold) and of higher

β

P

(

β

P

> 2.2, where the value of

β

P

is above the threshold) were selected for analysis. The diagnostic data provided by Thomson scattering, x-ray crystal spectrometry and charge exchange recombination spectroscopy are used to provide reliable parameter profiles and then combined with the data of external magnetic probe measurements and the polarisation interferometer diagnosis system to fully reconstruct the balance. A relevant plasma current calculation model is used to calculate and analyse the current density profiles and power deposition, and then the transport analysis is carried out. Interestingly, in the higher

β

P

discharges, it is found that the turbulence intensity provided by the CO2 laser collective scattering system gradually decreases and the normalised ETG

R

/

L

T
e

gradually increases. It is also found that the electron heat transport coefficient decreases in the discharge with higher

β

P

and the growth rate of the electron-scale turbulence calculated by transport gyro-Landau fluid (TGLF) is significantly reduced. Meanwhile, similar conclusions are also obtained in the discharges when the

β

P

is further increased.
Comparison of detachment in Ohmic plasmas with positive and negative triangularity
Authors: Février O , Tsui C K , Durr-Legoupil-Nicoud G , Theiler C , Carpita M , Coda S , Colandrea C , Duval B P , Gorno S , Huett E , Linehan B , Perek A , Porte L , Reimerdes H , Sauter O , Tonello E , Zurita M , Bolzonella T , Sciortino F ,   the TCV Team,   the EUROfusion Tokamak Exploitation Team
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In recent years, negative triangularity (NT) has emerged as a potential high-confinement L-mode reactor solution. In this work, detachment is investigated using core density ramps in lower single null Ohmic L-mode plasmas across a wide range of upper, lower, and average triangularity (the mean of upper and lower triangularity: δ) in the TCV tokamak. It is universally found that detachment is more difficult to access for NT shaping. The outer divertor leg of discharges with

δ
≈
−
0.3

could not be cooled to below

5

eV

through core density ramps alone. The behavior of the upstream plasma and geometrical divertor effects (e.g. a reduced connection length with negative lower triangularity) do not fully explain the challenges in detaching NT plasmas. Langmuir probe measurements of the target heat flux widths (λ

q
) were constant to within 30% across an upper triangularity scan, while the spreading factor S was lower by up to 50% for NT, indicating a generally lower integral scrape-off layer width, λ
int. The line-averaged core density was typically higher for NT discharges for a given fuelling rate, possibly linked to higher particle confinement in NT. Conversely, the divertor neutral pressure and integrated particle fluxes to the targets were typically lower for the same line-averaged density, indicating that NT configurations may be closer to the sheath-limited regime than their PT counterparts, which may explain why NT is more challenging to detach.
Study on stray electrons ejecting from a long-pulse negative ion source for fusion
Authors: Yang Yuwen , Wei Jianglong , Gu Yuming , Xie Yahong , Hu Chundong 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The negative ion based neutral beam injection is a desirable plasma heating and current drive method for the large-scale magnetic fusion devices. Due to the strict requirements and difficult development of the negative ion source for fusion, a long-pulse negative ion source has been developed under the framework of the Comprehensive Research Facility for Fusion Technology in China. This negative ion source consists of a single radio frequency (RF) driver plasma source and a three-electrode accelerator. The typical extraction and acceleration voltage are 4–8 kV and 40–50 kV, respectively. During one shot of the long-pulse (∼100 s) beam extraction, the gas pressure in the vacuum vessel increased sharply and the temperature of the cryopump rise from 8 K to 20 K. Moreover, the vessel wall appeared a high temperature after several long-pulse shots. A self-consistent simulation of beam-gas interaction revealed that the heat loads on the vessel wall should be caused by the stray electrons ejecting from the accelerator. Those stray electrons are mainly generated via the stripping or ionization collisions and strongly deflected by the downstream side of the deflection magnetic field for the co-extracted electron. The location of hot spots measured by infrared thermography is consistent with the simulation results. To solve this problem, a series of electron dumps are designed to avoid the direct impinging of the ejecting electrons on the cryopump and the vessel wall. And the results suggest that the hot spots are almost eliminated.
Simultaneous measurement of electrical potential on both sides of the dielectric surface in a parallel-plate dielectric barrier discharges and analysis of net electric field
Authors: Lu Yuanmeng , Ono Ryo , Komuro Atsushi 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Dielectric barrier discharges (DBDs) are widely used for ozone generation and surface treatment owing to their ability to generate reactive species. Surface charges generated during discharges distort the electric field between the dielectrics and affect the generation of reactive species. Therefore, the net electric field variations are of significant interest. Herein, a DBD measurement system for the net electric field based on the Pockels effect is established for the first time. The proposed system can simultaneously measure the surface potentials on both sides of the dielectric, thereby obtaining the net electric field at the discharge gap. The net electric field distribution varies insignificantly with the magnitude of the applied voltage but significantly with gap length. Moreover, the breakdown electric field increases with a decreasing gap length. This study provides a physical explanation for microgap reactors, demonstrating that the electric field in a DBD can be manipulated.
Research on braking torque model of magneto-rheological brake based on temperature effect
Authors: Wang Na , Chu Chengke , Cao Yongbing , Song Wanli , Liu Yang , Choi Seung-Bok 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Magneto-rheological Brakes (MRBs) have attracted much attention because of their fast, controllable and adjustable braking performance. During the braking process, a lot of heat was generated by the excitation oil and the friction between magneto-rheological fluid and mechanical parts. The objective of this manuscript is to investigate the effect of temperature on the braking performance of MRB. The thermal distribution of MRB under different excitation current was analyzed through numerical simulation; The braking torque model based on temperature effect was established from microscopic point of view; The braking performance of MRB under different working conditions were tested through MR braking torque test platform, and the results not only revealed the influence of temperature, rotational speed and excitation current on the braking torque, but also verified the rationality and accuracy of the braking torque model. The research results fill the gap in the theoretical model and have important significance for the research on the braking performance of MRBs.
Spin–orbit coupling effects on localization and correlated tunneling for two interacting bosons in a double-well potential
Authors: Wu Hongzheng , Yan Xin , Fan Changwei , Yang Baiyuan , Xiao Jinpeng , Zeng Zhao-Yun , Chen Yajiang , Luo Xiaobing 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
We theoretically study the tunneling dynamics of two interacting spin–orbit-coupled (SOC) atoms trapped in a periodically perturbed double-well potential. We find that the phenomenon of coherent destruction of tunneling (CDT) can exist only for certain values of SOC, and two different mechanisms for the appearance of CDT are identified in this system. One is the conventional CDT resulting from quasi-energy degeneracy, while the other CDT originates from the dark Floquet state with zero quasi-energy for all values of the driving parameters. We discover that under double modulation combining the double-well potential shaking and a time-periodic Zeeman field, it is possible to realize spin-flipping single-atom Rabi tunneling and the CDT induced by the dark Floquet state at any value of SOC strength, which is not accessible with a single-drive field. Furthermore, we show that the detuning of Zeeman field with respect to the multiphoton energy is particularly significant in the case of the correlated two-particle tunneling mediated by SOC. We expect that these results will stimulate further exploration of the many-body dynamics in the interacting systems and expand the possibilities for manipulating the spin dynamics.