bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EFFECT OF EXPERIMENTALLY INDUCED THYROIDITIS ON BIOSYNTHESIS OF THYROXINE IN RATS
Authors: Gorman Colum A. , Anderson James W. , Flock Eunice V. , Owen Charles A. , Wakim Khalil G. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Thyroiditis was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats by repeated immunization with thyroid extract and Freund's adjuvant. Immunized and control animals were killed at intervals up to 6 hours after intravenous administration of 131I as iodide at 5, 8 and 10 weeks after the first injection. Radioiodinated compounds in the thyroid glands were identified chromatographically. Evidence of moderate thyroiditis was present (histologic appearance, gland weight, and protein-bound iodine-butanol-extractable iodine difference) but the rate of incorporation of radioiodide into thyroxine, the percentage of radioactivity in the gland as iodide, and the MIT/DIT ratio were not significantly different in immunized and control animals. The MIT/DIT ratio was found to vary with time after 131I administration in both immunized and control animals. These studies did not uncover a defect in organification of iodide in experimental thyroiditis similar to that described by others in humans with Hashimoto's thyroiditis.
PURIFICATION AND DETERMINATION OF THE ANTIDIURETIC SUBSTANCE IN HUMAN URINE
Authors: Frandsen Per 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
This is a contribution to the biological identification and estimation of the antidiuretic substance in human urine. The urine was concentrated and purified by column chromatography on Amberlite IRC-50 and by dialyses. It was possible to estimate the antidiuretic activity of this extract against arginine vasopressin by a fundamentally and statistically valid biological assay using water loaded rats anaesthetized with ethanol. Recovery experiments of vasopressin from urine at different steps of the purification were performed, and the final yield was estimated to be about 60 %. The amount of antidiuretic activity in the urine from four healthy subjects ranged between 11 mU and 24 mU/24 h with a mean of 16 mU/24 h.
STEROIDOGENIC PROPERTIES OF GONADOTROPHINS
Authors: Gospodarowicz Denis 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The effect in vitro of the interstitial cell stimulating hormone (ICSH or LH), of pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin (PMSG) and of lactogenic hormone (LTH), on the synthesis of progesterone in slices of ovaries taken from pseudopregnant rats was investigated. It was found that ovine ICSH stimulated the synthesis of progesterone at a level of 0.01 μg/g of tissue; PMSG had no effect at a level of 0.1 μg/g of tissue, and a stimulating effect at higher levels; LTH had no steroidogenic effect. In addition, the effects of two follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) preparations, one largely free of ICSH and the other containing minute quantities of ICSH, were studied in hypophysectomized rats and on the stimulation of progesterone synthesis in the ovaries of pseudopregnant rat. At concentration of less than 25 μg, ovine FSH had no effect on uterine growth and on interstitial tissue repair in the hypophysectomized female rat, and also had no effect on the synthesis of progesterone at concentrations of less than 50 μg/g of tissue. The ICSH contaminant in FSH was determined by comparing the steroidogenic properties of FSH with those of ICSH. Furthermore, studies with combinations of FSH and ICSH demonstrated that quantities of ICSH which in themselves are unable to stimulate steroidogenesis, are effective when combined with FSH.
CORTICOSTEROIDS AND VASCULAR CONNECTIVE TISSUE.
Authors: Lorenzen Ib 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Male albino rabbits were injected daily with noradrenaline plus prednisone and noradrenaline plus saline for two weeks. Prednisone enhanced the development of the gross and microscopic arteriosclerotic lesions of the aorta induced by noradrenaline, but inhibited the synthesis and the accumulation of acid mucopolysaccharides elicited by the noradrenalineinduced damage of the aortic wall. The effect of prednisone on the aortic acid mucopolysaccharides reflects an inhibition of repair processes in the arterial wall. The enhancement of the arteriosclerosis may be explained by a decrease in the resistance of the aortic wall to mechanical trauma, possibly as a consequence of the effects of prednisone on the arterial mucopolysaccharides demonstrated in the present and the previous study. It is suggested, that the increased liability to skin-haemorrhages in patients given long-term treatment with glucocorticoids is due to an increased vascular fragility conditioned by the glucocorticoid-induced alterations in the mucopolysaccharides of the vascular wall.
PERIOVULATORY LEVELS OF PLASMA PROGESTERONE AND LUTEINIZING HORMONE IN WOMEN
Authors: Johansson Elof D. B. , Wide Leif 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Plasma LH and progesterone levels were measured around the time of ovulation in 16 normal menstrual cycles. No increased levels of progesterone were found before the LH peak. The maximal LH peak levels lasted for 16–20 h at which time the plasma progesterone rose to a concentration of 1 to 2 ng/ml. Following the fall in the LH concentration, there was a rapid rise in the plasma progesterone concentration, indicating the formation of a corpus luteum. The lowest basal body temperature coincided with the first significant rise in LH levels.
THE RELATION BETWEEN PLASMA PROGESTERONE AND TOTAL URINARY OESTROGENS FOLLOWING INDUCTION OF OVULATION IN WOMEN
Authors: Johansson Elof D. B. , Gemzell Carl 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Plasma progesterone levels have been measured before and after a single injection of 9000 IU of human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG)* at different levels of total oestrogen excretion (TE) in 67 treatments with human pituitary gonadotrophin (HPG) in amenorrhoic women. With a TE excretion of less than 70 μg/24 h the rise in plasma progesterone was similar to that found in a normal menstrual cycle indicating the formation of only one corpus luteum. With more than 70 μg/24 h of TE several corpus lutea was formed as judged by the rise in plasma progesterone levels. No further increase was seen above 300 μg/24 h. The luteal phase was shorter than normal in the group with 75–300 μg/24 h of TE.
SYSTEMATIC INVESTIGATIONS ON THE INFLUENCE OF A CONTRACEPTIVE ON SOME BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF FAT AND CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM
Authors: Seng P. , Hasche H. H. , Rebensburg W. , Voigt K. D. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Plasma lipid fractions and blood levels of carbohydrate and fat metabolites were investigated in 12 normal menstruating women before and during 4 cycles of contraceptive treatment with a daily dose of 2.5 mg 4-14α-ethinyl-oestren-17β-ol (lynestrenol) + 0.075 mg 17α-ethinyl-oestradiol-3-methylether (mestranol).
All values were determined in each subject (I) before treatment, (II) after a 3 week period of reduced food intake, (III) after 3 cycles of contraceptive treatment and free food intake, and (IV) after a fourth cycle of contraceptive treatment in combination with a second period of reduced food intake. This schedule of investigation enabled us to differentiate between the effects of diet and of contraceptive treatment. As an effect of the contraceptive we found slight but significant increases in the levels of triglyceride, glyceride-glycerol, β-hydroxybutyrate, acetoacetate, and pyruvate. No significant changes in other lipids were observed. On the basis of these data it is concluded that this contraceptive treatment shows slight but definite effects on fat and carbohydrate metabolism. All values, however, were found to be within the normal range limits.
EVIDENCE FOR NON-COVALENT BINDING OF IODOAMINOACIDS IN PURIFIED THYROGLOBULIN
Authors: Rosenqvist Urban , Almqvist Sven 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
In vivo 125I-labelled dog thyroglobulin was either extracted with acid acetone or subjected to gel filtration, in order to see whether the iodoaminoacids could be removed. The acetone extracts or the material adsorbed on to the Sephadex columns contained 5–16% of the total 125I-activity present in the purified protein. These fractions of radioactivity were analyzed by two dimensional chromatography and iodoaminoacids found to be present. By equilibrium experiments it was further shown that our thyroglobulin preparation would only bind thyroxine but not 3-mono- and 3,5-diiodotyrosine. A possible interpretation of these results is that at least a fraction of the iodinated compounds of thyroglobulin is linked to the protein by non-covalent bonds.
DIE INAKTIVIERUNG VON INFUNDIERTEM VASOPRESSIN BEI DIABETES INSIPIDUS-PROBANDEN
Authors: Nitschke U. , Balzar H. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
30 experiments were performed in 6 human subjects with diabetes insipidus of the central type. The response of the target organ has been investigated after abrupt cessation of a several hours lasting vasopressin infusion of different dosage. Thereby only the decrease of the urinary osmolality followed about a simple exponential decline after a different time of latency. The mean values of vasopressin doses correlated with the urinary osmolalities at the end of the infusions, the latent periods and the »slopes of the osmolar decrease«. After an input rate of 6.7 ± 3.2 μU vasopressin/kg/min, the »half life of response« was 8.25 ± 2 min, and the latent period after the withdrawal of infusion until the beginning to decline amounted to 28.45 ± 8.5 min. The corresponding data of an infusion rate of 1.7 μU/kg/min were a »half life« period of 21.7 ± 6.15 min and a time of latency of 5.1 ± 3.2 min. The total time of decrease in urinary concentration, averaging 29 min, remained completely constant in all the tests, and it was not influenced by the hormonal dosis. Only in 16 experiments, however, the time of observation had been extended until the osmolality had diminished below 100 mOsm/kg. Here the duration of the decline lasted 32.1 min on average. Therefore it was supposed a real »time of detectable inactivation« of 32 to 35 min. From the obtained results a theory is discussed, concerning the quantitative relation between vasopressin and the receptor of the target organ, and the mode of inactivation occurring there.
THE CONTROL OF BLOOD SUGAR IN THE LABORATORY RAT AND GOLDEN HAMSTER
Authors: Howland R. J. , Nowell N. W. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Further investigations of blood sugar control in the Wistar albino rat (Rattus norvegicus) and the golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus), kept in the laboratory at 21°C have been made. Concentrations of plasma insulin in the fasting and the glucose loaded animal were determined, and it was shown that the hamster maintains a lower plasma insulin concentration than the rat, and secretes less insulin in response to glucose loading. It is concluded that the high fasting blood sugar level and poor glucose tolerance of the hamster result from a relative lack of insulin in this animal.
PRE-MATERNAL ISOLATION EFFECTS ON BEHAVIOUR AND ENDOCRINE FUNCTION OF OFFSPRING
Authors: Sackler A. M. , Weltman A. S. , Schwartz R. , Steinglass P. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
This report was designed to determine combined effects of maternal endocrine imbalances and abnormal behaviour due to prolonged isolation stress of female mice on the behaviour, developmental growth rate and endocrine function of their offspring. Sixty female albino mice averaging 19 g were divided equally into isolated and control groups. The isolated females were housed singly; control females were maintained in groups of 2 mice per cage. After observation of behavioural and physiological effects characteristic of isolation stress in the test mice, all isolated and control mice were mated after a 6½ month experimental, isolation period. No differences were observed in fertility and fecundity of the two groups of mothers. Analyses of developmental growth rates of the litters of the isolated versus control mothers showed significantly lower body weights in the test offspring at 3 and 4 weeks of age. The body weights of the female offspring remained significantly lower from the 4th to 11th weeks. The effects on the body weights of the male offspring declined and were no longer statistically significant at the 5th to 11 weeks. Locomotor activity at 4½ and 8 weeks of age was markedly or significantly higher in the male and female mice from isolated mothers. Tail-blood samples taken prior to autopsy at 5 and 11 weeks of age revealed significant decreases in the total leukocyte and eosinophil counts of both sexes. At the two ages, the absolute and relative spleen and thymus weights of the male and female offspring were markedly and/or significantly lower than the values observed in counterpart young from control females. Significant decreases were also observed in the absolute gonadal organ weights of both sexes at 11 weeks of age. The various data indicated inhibited growth rates, heightened locomotor activity and evasiveness, as well as evidence of increased adrenocortical function in the offspring from test mothers. The gonadal weight decreases suggested retarded gonadal development. Further studies using split-litter techniques are required to differentiate the effects of prenatal endocrine imbalances versus postnatal maternal influence (i. e., nursing care) on the offspring.
EFFECTS OF MUSCULAR WORK ON CORTISOL AND CORTICOSTERONE CONTENT IN THE BLOOD AND ADRENALS OF GUINEA PIGS
Authors: Viru A. , Äkke H. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The cortisol and corticosterone content was determined fluorometrically in the blood and in the adrenals of guinea pigs. After three 5-minute-swimming sets the corticoid content increased in the adrenals, but remained unchanged in the blood. After 5-minute-swimming sets repeated until exhaustion, the adrenal corticoid content did not differ from the level of the control group. The blood cortisol content, however, fell significantly. The blood corticosterone content did not change. If before the swimming sets 4 IU of corticotrophin were administered, the cortisol content both in the adrenals and blood at the point of exhaustion was somewhat higher than in the control group. The decrease in blood corticoid concentration during long-lasting muscular work is due to insufficient stimulation of the adrenocortical activity. It has been suggested that the inhibition of the stimulation of the adrenocortical activity is one manifestation of a general defence reaction, against the fatal depletion of the resources of the organism.
METABOLIC CLEARANCE AND PRODUCTION RATES OF CORTICOSTERONE IN MALE AND FEMALE VIRGIN AND BREEDER RATS
Authors: Saroff Jack , Wexler Bernard C. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Repeatedly bred male and female rats spontaneously develop arteriosclerosis. In order to evaluate the endocrine aspects of this condition volumes of distribution, metabolic clearance (MCR) and production rates (PR) of corticosterone (B) were measured in ether-stressed virgin male and female rats initially and after a significant gain in weight for comparison with heavier breeders. After the iv injection of [1,2-3H]B values were calculated from the disappearance of total radioactivity and [1,2-3H]B from plasma employing a single- and double compartment model. The latter was used for final comparisons. There was a significant difference in the half-lives of the initial and slower disappearance curves between males (3.7 and 14 min) and females (2.4 and 10 min), respectively. For both sexes with an increase in size there was a corresponding increase in the volumes of distribution, MCR and PR of B. In female breeders there was a significant decrease in these same parameters: MCR dropped from 8.5 to 5.7 1/day, PR from 6.4 to 3.5 mg/day. Circulating plasma levels decreased from 76.4 to 61.3 μg/100 ml. The results indicate that physiological factors in addition to the adrenal are responsible for the decreased PR in arteriosclerotic breeder female rats.
ZUR FRAGE DER BIOSYNTHESE VON ALDOSTERON UND 11-DESOXYCORTICOSTERON IN DER NEBENNIERE UND IM ADENOM BEI EINEM PATIENTEN MIT PRIMÄREM ALDOSTERONISMUS
Authors: Dahm K. , Breuer H. , Bayer J. M. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
In a 19-year old male patient, suffering from primary aldosteronism, the biosynthesis of 11-deoxycorticosterone and aldosterone was studied in slices of normal and adenomatous adrenal tissue; [4-14C] progesterone and [4-14C] 17α-hydroxyprogesterone were used as substrates. In addition, the urinary excretion of 1 1-deoxycorticosterone, tetrahydro-11-deoxycorticosterone and aldosterone was determined before and after operation.
As compared with normal adrenal tissue, a very high activity of the 21-hydroxylase towards progesterone (metabolite: 11-deoxycorticosterone) as well as 17α-hydroxyprogesterone (metabolite: 17α-hydroxy-11-deoxycorticosterone) was found in the adenoma. In contrast, the activity of the 11β-hydroxylase was much less in the adenoma than in the normal adrenal tissue. In the absence of cofactors, only traces of aldosterone were detected in the experiments with slices of the adenoma, whereas a normal rate of production was observed in the experiments with the adrenal slices.
The excretion of aldosterone in urine varied between 29.4 and 70.7 μg/24 h before operation; it was unaffected by dietetic measures, thus indicating an autonomy of the tumour. After operation, the concentration of aldosterone in urine fell to normal values (6.1–9.1 μg/24 h). The excretion of free 11-deoxycorticosterone (0.2–2.0 μg/24 h) and of its tetrahydroderivative (31.7–40.4 μg/24 h) was in the normal range before as well as after operation.
The increased formation of 11-deoxycorticosterone and the decreased formation of aldosterone in the adenoma under in vitro conditions stand in contrast to the normal excretion of 11-deoxycorticosterone and the increased excretion of aldosterone in urine before operation. This discrepancy may be explained by the deficiency of cofactors in the slices of the adenoma. The results obtained support the view that, in steroid producing organs with high activities, only limited conclusions can be drawn from in vitro experiments to the situation in vivo.
OESTROGEN BIOSYNTHESIS AND STEROID METABOLISM IN THE PORCINE OVARY
Authors: Preumont P. , Cooke I. D. , Ryan K. J. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
In vitro incubations of isolated porcine pre-ovulatory follicles, corpora lutea, and minced whole pre- and post-ovulatory ovaries were undertaken in an attempt to elucidate the pathways of oestrogen biosynthesis and steroid metabolism in the various cellular compartments of the porcine ovary.
The conversion of radioactive acetate to cholesterol, the conversions of pregnenolone and progesterone to 16-hydroxyprogesterone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, oestrone and oestradiol and the conversion of pregnenolone to 17-hydroxypregnenolone were observed following incubation with pre-ovulatory follicles in vitro. No significant effect of human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) added in vitro on steroid metabolism could be demonstrated.
The conversions of dehydroepiandrosterone to oestradiol and 16-hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone to 16-hydroxyandrostenedione were obtained with corpora lutea in vitro. Pre-ovulatory whole ovarian mince incubations converted progesterone to 16-hydroxyprogesterone and androstenedione to oestrone.
When 16-hydroxyandrostenedione, 16-hydroxyprogesterone and 16-hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone were incubated as substrates and/or formed in these various studies, no evidence for the formation of oestriol or other 16-oxygenated oestrogens could be demonstrated, although non-16 hydroxylated neutral steroids were aromatized in paired experiments.
THE TIME COURSE OF EFFECTS OF SEX HORMONES ON ELECTRICALLY-EVOKED POTENTIALS IN THE FROG FOREBRAIN
Authors: Oshima Kiyoshi , Gorbman Aubrey 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
In the frog, over a period of up to 12 days, the effects of a single injection of steroid hormone were measured on potentials evoked in the olfactory lobe and telencephalon after electrical stimulation of the olfactory nerve. Response amplitudes in the olfactory lobe and telencephalon were depressed by 10 μg doses of progesterone whether given alone, or in combination with 10 μg of oestradiol. In the olfactory lobe the change in response induced by progesterone was significant by 2 days and reached a peak by 6 to 8 days after injection. In the telencephalon the peak effect of progesterone was also at about 6 days, but no significant change from the control could be found before 4 days.
In contrast, oestradiol, when given alone, augmented the response to olfactory stimulation detected in the olfactory lobe and telencephalon. The time relations were about the same as for progesterone.
Effects of the two hormones on stimulus threshold were relatively modest and in general were correlated with the effects on response amplitude. Similarity in time course of effects of progesterone and oestradiol, and the dominance of the progesterone effect over that of oestradiol suggests that despite their opposite actions, at least part of their influence is on the same elements in the olfactory response system.
THE LIGATURE OF THE INFERIOR THYROID ARTERY AND THE INCIDENCE OF GOITRE RECURRENCE AFTER SUBTOTAL THYROIDECTOMY
Authors: Depisch D. , Dinstl K. , Keminger K. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A short historical introduction is given about vascular ligature in goitre surgery. By means of various experiments an attempt was made to investigate the effect of various types of vascular ligatures on the thyroid gland. In addition on the basis of follow-up examinations of patients operated on for goitre, the effect of vascular ligature on recurrence was examined. The results of these investigations cast doubt on the value of ligature of all four thyroid arteries required by some investigators (Huber 1967; Kreiner 1952; Steiner 1960) as a prophylactic measure against the danger of recurrence.
MODIFICATIONS DES CELLULES GONADOTROPES ET DU CONTENU EN FSH DE LA GLANDE PITUITAIRE DANS LES CONDITIONS DE LA PONTE PROVOQUEE CHEZ LA RATTE
Authors: Roos J. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The action exerted by an early mating on the pituitary β and γ cells and on the pituitary FSH content has been studied in 4-day cyclic female rats which were mated at 5–6 p. m. on dioestrus 2 after being injected with oestradiol (10 μg) at 10–11 p.m. on dioestrus 1. The following results were obtained:
Oestradiol alone induces, on one hand, a highly significant decrease with respect to control animals of the percentage of the γ cells, on the other hand, an increase of the granular content of the β cells. Ovulation only occurs in 5 % of these oestrogenized rats. After early mating a further diminution of the percentage of the γ cells was observed concomitantly with a strong degranulation of the β cells; this early coitus triggered ovulation in 52 % of the females. The pituitary FSH bioassay evidenced a stockage of FSH in oestrogenized females with respect to control animals and on the contrary a FSH release under the influence of coitus.
It was therefore concluded that early ovulation as well as spontaneous ovulation in the rat require the synergistic action of both FSH and LH gonadotrophic hormones.
CHROMOPHOBE ADENOMAS OF THE PITUITARY GLAND IN CUSHING'S DISEASE
Authors: Lindholm J. , Rasmussen P. , Korsgaard O. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Two patients with concurrent Cushing's disease and chromophobe adenoma of the pituitary gland are presented. In one case the tumour was present before adrenalectomy, in the other it was not recognized until after adrenalectomy.
The characteristic symptoms and findings are described – including the results of corticotrophin determinations in the blood. Some aspects of the treatment of Cushing's disease are discussed.