bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of musculoskeletal toxicity without clear benefit after administration of PG-116800, a matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor, to patients with knee osteoarthritis: a randomized, 12-month, double-blind, placebo-controlled study
Authors: Krzeski Piotr , Buckland-Wright Chris , Bálint Géza , Cline Gary A , Stoner Karen , Lyon Robert , Beary John , Aronstein William S , Spector Tim D 
Published: October 2007

AbstractAbstractWe performed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter, parallel-group, dose-response study of the efficacy and safety of the oral administration of PG-116800, a matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitor, in patients with mild to moderate knee osteoarthritis. The primary efficacy endpoints included the progression of joint space narrowing in the osteoarthritic knee, as measured by microfocal radiography with fluoroscopic positioning, and the reduction of symptoms (pain and stiffness) and/or the improvement of function, as measured by the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities osteoarthritis index (WOMAC). Four hundred and one patients were randomly assigned to either placebo (n= 80) or one of fourdoses of PG-116800: 25 mg (n= 81), 50 mg (n= 80), 100 mg (n= 80), or 200 mg (n= 80) taken twice daily for 12 months. During the study, the 200-mg dose was discontinued based on an increased frequency of musculoskeletal adverse effects. After 1 year of treatment, no statistically significant difference was observed between placebo and PG-116800 with regard to mean changes in minimum joint space width of the knee or to WOMAC scores. The most frequent adverse effect was arthralgia (35%). Twenty-three percent of evaluable patients had at least a 30% decrease from baseline of at least onerange-of-motion measurement of either shoulder at a follow-up visit. The percentage of patients with reduction in range of motion was significantly greater in the twohighest dose groups relative to placebo. Thirteen percent of patients, half of whom were in the 200-mg group, reported hand adverse events (oedema, palmar fibrosis, Dupuytren contracture, or persistent tendon thickness or nodules). The threemost frequent shoulder adverse events were reversible arthralgia, stiffness, and myalgia, which mostly affected the twohighest dose groups. The unfavorable risk-benefit balance of the MMP inhibitor PG-116800 in patients with knee osteoarthritis precludes further development of the compound for this indication. This study adds to the weight of evidence suggesting that side effect profiles of MMP inhibitors in general make them unsuitable for use in osteoarthritis.Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT00041756.
Placental Productions and Expressions of Soluble Endoglin, Soluble fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase Receptor-1, and Placental Growth Factor in Normal and Preeclamptic Pregnancies
Authors: Gu Yang , Lewis David F. , Wang Yuping 
Published: October 2007

AbstractContext: Increased production of antiangiogenic factors soluble endoglin (sEng) and soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase receptor-1 (sFlt-1) by the placenta contributes to the pathophysiology in preeclampsia (PE).Objective: Our objective was to determine the differences in endoglin (Eng), fms-like tyrosine kinase receptor-1 (Flt-1), and placental growth factor (PlGF) expressions between normal and PE placentas and sEng, sFlt-1, and PlGF production by trophoblast cells (TC) cultured under lowered oxygen conditions.Methods: TCs isolated from normal and PE placentas were cultured under regular (5% CO2/air) and lowered (2% O2/5% CO2/93% N2) oxygen conditions. sEng, sFlt-1, and PlGF productions were determined by ELISA. Protein expressions for Eng, Flt-1, and PlGF in the placental tissues were accessed by immunohistochemical staining and Western blot analysis. Deglycosylated Eng, Flt-1, and PlGF protein expressions in placental tissues were also examined.Results: PE TCs produced significantly more sEng, sFlt-1, and PlGF compared with those from normal TCs (P &lt; 0.05). Under lowered oxygen conditions, PE TCs, but not normal TCs, released more sEng and sFlt-1. In contrast, both normal and PE TCs released less PlGF (P &lt; 0.05). Enhanced expressions of Eng and Flt-1, as well as glycosylated Eng and Flt-1, were observed in PE placentas. Immunoblot also revealed that TCs released glycosylated sFlt-1, but not sEng, in culture.Conclusions: PE TCs produce more sEng, sFlt-1, and PlGF than normal TCs. Lowered oxygen conditions promote sEng and sFlt-1, but reduce PlGF, productions by PE TCs. More glycosylated sEng and sFlt-1 are present in PE placentas. Trophoblasts release glycosylated sFlt-1, but unglycosylated sEng, in culture.
Should β-Blockers Be Used in the Treatment of Cocaine-Associated Acute Coronary Syndrome?
Authors: Page Robert Lee , Utz Kenneth J , Wolfel Eugene E 
Published: October 2007

Objective: To critically evaluate the 30 year debate of β-blocker use in cocaine-induced acute coronary syndrome (CIACS). Data Sources: An Ovid MEDLINE In-Process and Other Non-Indexed Citations, Ovid MEDLINE Daily, and Ovid MEDLINE (1966–August 21, 2007) search of the medical literature was conducted using the key terms cocaine, myocardial infarction, acute coronary syndrome, and adrenergic β-antagonists. Study Selection and Data Extraction: All clinical trials, case reports, national cardiovascular guidelines, and reviews published in English were evaluated. Case reports were included based on whether (1) acute coronary syndrome was suspected, (2) a β-blocker was used during the treatment course, and (3) objective and subjective patient-specific information was documented. Data Synthesis: Three case reports and 2 placebo-controlled trials were identified that used 4 β-blockers (atenolol, labetalol, metoprolol, propranolol). Three national guidelines addressed β-blocker use. Although published data are limited, propranolol and labetalol exert minimal to no effect on alleviating cocaine-induced coronary vasoconstriction. None of the evaluated national guidelines recommends β-blockers as first-line agents in CIACS management. Conclusion: β-Blockers should not be considered first-line agents for controlling chest pain in patients with documented CIACS. If long-term β-blockade is warranted, its benefits should be weighed against recurrent use of cocaine and possible exacerbation of acute coronary syndrome. Given that carvedilol exhibits ancillary pharmacologic proprieties beneficial in CIACS, and post-myocardial infarction mortality data are available regarding its use, this agent could be considered to be appropriate therapy.
“You Feed Us So that We Can Fight Against You”. Concepts of the Art and State in the Hungarian Avant-Garde
Authors: Forgács Éva 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
Although the Hungarian avant-garde (1909-late 1930s) was radically innovative, it contains a classicist element that has not been adequately studied, probably because it contradicts quintessential avant-garde features. The young György Lukács supported the avant-garde painters because he preferred their newfound order and control to the ephemeral and the subjective in Hungarian Impressionism. – The classicist vein of the Hungarian avant-garde related to its political program. Poet, writer, painter, editor and publisher Lajos Kassák, who became the leader of the avant-garde, articulated several times his position with regard to the state: as a social democrat and anarchist anti-war activist during World War I.; as an oppositional artist during the 1919 Hungarian Commune who nevertheless claimed state support; as a leading avant-garde authority in exile (1919–1926); and as an editor and poet with increasingly classicist leanings after his return to Budapest. Between 1919 and the 1930s, he aspired both to the position of an anti-establishment artist and to that of a rival to political leadership. – Kassák adopted Dada in 1921 but categorically rejected it a year later in favor of the austere order of constructivist geometry. His choice indicated not only his preference of clarity and authority but also a Central-European (mis)understanding of Russian Constructivism.
L'avant-garde littéraire roumaine et la politique
Authors: Pop Ion 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
Voicing initially a rather general critique of bourgeois culture and society – which was characteristic also of other European vanguard movements such as futurism, Dada, constructivism and surrealism – many militants of the Romanian avant-garde groups moved in the 1930s and 1940s towards an outspoken Marxist engagement, as evinced by the publications of Stephan Roll (pseudonym of Gheorghe Dinu) in the last issues of the review unu. As a result of this engagement, Marxist avant-gardists came to regard the avant-garde itself as a product of a decadent, bourgeois mindset, and called for a “true” aesthetic engagement in proletarian struggles, following the example of the USSR. Signs of an “engagement” may also be discerned in the surrealists Gherasim Luca and Gellu Naum in the 1940s. In line with André Breton they tried to reconcile the surrealist programme with the “total liberation of mankind.” Ironically, however, the Romanian communist regime muzzled the avant-garde: the old avant-garde militants had to submit to the ideological commands of “social realism” or leave their country.
Regarding Paintings. Works of El Greco in Simon Vestdijk's Het vijfde zegel
Authors: Heynders Odile 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
Het vijfde zegel (The Fifth Seal), published by the Dutch writer Simon Vestdijk in 1937, follows the nineteenth-century tradition of literary novels on painting, practised by such writers as Stendhal, Gautier, and Zola. But Vestdijk also offers a more modern case of intermediality, for the novel can be understood as a psychologically motivated reading of El Greco's life and final phase of work. Protagonist and paintings develop through apollinic (orderly) and dionysic (creative) conventions. The novel can also be read as critique of avant-garde conceptions of representation. The interpretation of this fascinating text is accompanied by some general reflections on ekphrasis.
Vulnerable Adults in Research: From Consent to Assent?
Authors: Edwards Sarah J.L , Guest Stephen 
Published: October 2007

AbstractSome scientific advances can become realities only with the help of vulnerable people who do not have legal capacity to consent to research. When dealing with legally non-competent adults, practitioners now consider the patient's own wishes more than ever before, and so they have pioneered the practice of seeking what has become known as their ‘assent’ before treating them. Assent has been defined as a person's ‘permission or affirmative agreement to something’. People who do not possess sufficient capacity to make a
Patterning the Dorsal Telencephalon: A Role for Sonic Hedgehog?
Authors: Rash Brian G. , Grove Elizabeth A. 
Published: October 2007

Division of the telencephalic vesicle into hemispheres and specification of the cerebral cortex are key stages in forebrain development. We investigate the interplay in these processes of Sonic hedgehog (Shh), fibroblast growth factors (Fgfs), and the transcription factor Gli3, which in its repressor form (Gli3R) antagonizes Shh signaling and downregulates expression of severalFgfgenes.Contrary to previous reports, Shh is not required for dorsal hemisphere separation. Mice lacking Shh develop a dorsal telencephalic midline, a cortical hem, and two cortical hemispheres. The hemispheres do not divide rostrally, probably because of reduced localFgfgene expression, resulting from the loss of Shh inhibition of Gli3R. Removing one functional copy ofGli3substantially rescuesFgfexpression and rostral telencephalic morphology.In mice lacking Gli3 function, cortical development is arrested, and ventral gene expression invades the dorsal telencephalon. These defects are potentially explained by disinhibition of Shh activity. However, when both copies ofShhare removed from Gli3-null mice, dorsal telencephalic defects persist. One such defect is a large dorsal expansion of the expression ofFgfgenes.Fgf15expression, for example, expands from a discrete ventral domain throughout the dorsal telencephalon. We propose that Fgf signaling, known to ventralize the telencephalon in a Shh-independent manner, suppresses cortical fate in the absence of Gli3. Our findings point away from Shh involvement in dorsal telencephalic patterning and encourage additional exploration of Fgf signaling and Gli3 repression in corticogenesis.
Unaltered Diabetes Presentation in NOD Mice Lacking the Vitamin D Receptor
Authors: Gysemans Conny , van Etten Evelyne , Overbergh Lutgart , Giulietti Annapaula , Eelen Guy , Waer Mark , Verstuyf Annemieke , Bouillon Roger , Mathieu Chantal 
Published: October 2007

OBJECTIVE— Vitamin D deficiency increases risk for type 1 diabetes in genetically predisposed individuals, while high doses of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3] prevent insulitis and diabetes in NOD mice.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS— Since 1,25(OH)2D3 regulates gene transcription through the vitamin D receptor (VDR), we investigated the role of VDR in diabetes development by creating NOD mice without functional VDR.
RESULTS— VDR−/− NOD mice are rachitic and have lower numbers of putative regulator cells [TCR-α/β+CD4−CD8− (natural killer T-cells) and CD4+CD25+ T-cells [in central and peripheral immune organs compared with VDR+/+ NOD littermates. Lipopolysaccharide-stimulated VDR−/− NOD macrophages expressed lower interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, and CC chemokine ligand 2 mRNA, correlating with less nuclear translocation of p65 nuclear factor-κB compared with VDR+/+ NOD macrophages. Thymic and lymph node dendritic cells from VDR−/− NOD mice displayed an even less mature CD11c+CD86+ phenotype than VDR+/+ NOD mice. Despite this immune phenotype linked to diabetes in NOD mice, VDR−/− NOD mice developed insulitis and diabetes at the same rate and incidence as VDR+/+ NOD littermates.
CONCLUSIONS— Despite aggravating known immune abnormalities in NOD mice, disruption of VDR does not alter disease presentation in NOD mice in contrast to the more aggressive diabetes presentation in vitamin D–deficient NOD mice.
Sinonasal adenoid cystic carcinoma
Authors: Lupinetti Allison D. , Roberts Dianna B. , Williams Michelle D. , Kupferman Michael E. , Rosenthal David I. , Demonte Franco , El‐Naggar Adel , Weber Randal S. , Hanna Ehab Y. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND.Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the sinonasal tract is a rare cancer that accounts for 10% of all malignancies at this site. The objective of the current study was to evaluate prognostic factors, treatment outcomes, recurrence patterns, and survival rates for sinonasal adenoid cystic carcinoma.METHODS.A retrospective chart review was performed at an academic tertiary referral center. Between 1990 and 2004, 105 patients were evaluated for adenoid cystic carcinoma of the sinonasal tract at a single institution. Demographics, presentation, anatomic site, Tumor, Lymph Node, Metastasis (TNM) classification, pathology, treatment, recurrences, and survival were evaluated.RESULTS.One hundred five patients with adenoid cystic carcinoma were evaluated, including 58 women and 47 men. Their median age was 50 years, and the mean follow‐up was 47 months. The maxillary sinus (47%) and the nasal cavity (30%) were the most common primary tumor sites. The majority of patients presented with T3/T4 (76.7%), N0 (98%), M0 (97%) disease. Eighty‐four percent of patients underwent surgery and received postoperative radiation as treatment for their primary disease. The local recurrence rate was 30%, and the distant metastases rate was 38%. The 5‐year overall survival and disease specific survival rates were 62.9% and 70.9%, respectively.CONCLUSIONS.Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the paranasal sinuses is a rare disease, and the ideal treatment paradigm has yet to be defined. The current data suggested that surgical resection with postoperative radiation therapy offers durable local control and compares favorably with historic data. Although local recurrences develop in a significant percentage of patients, survival from this disease exceeds that of other sinonasal malignancies. Cancer 2007. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
Reactions of Sulphate Radicals with Substituted Pyridines: A Structure–Reactivity Correlation Analysis
Authors: Dell'Arciprete María L. , Cobos Carlos J. , Furlong Jorge P. , Mártire Daniel O. , Gonzalez Mónica C. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe kinetics of the oxidation of pyridine, 3‐chloropyridine, 3‐cyanopyridine, 3‐methoxypyridine and 3‐methylpyridine mediated by SO4<M‐> radicals are studied by flash photolysis of peroxodisulphate, S2O82−, at pH 2.5 and 9. The absolute rate constants for the reactions of both, the basic and acid forms of the pyridines, are determined and discussed in terms of the Hammett correlation. The monosubstituted pyridines react about 10 times faster with sulphate radicals than their protonated forms, the pyridine ions. The organic intermediates are identified as the corresponding hydroxypyridine radical adducts and their absorption spectra compared with those estimated employing the time‐dependent density functional theory with explicit account for bulk solvent effects. A reaction mechanism which accounts for the observed intermediates and the pyridinols formed as products is proposed.
A simple method to approximate the probability of error for equal gain combiner over independent fading channels
Authors: Samimi Hossein , Azmi Paeiz 
Published: October 2007

AbstractUsing the Beaulieu series, the probability of error for equal gain combiner over independent fading channels can be formulated in the form of an infinite series. The computation of the coefficients of this series needs complicated integrations over fading envelope distribution. In this paper, a new approximation method is developed for the computation of the required coefficients of the error probability series, which needs only mean and variance of the fading envelope. Hence, the purposed method eliminates the need for complicated integrations while computing the required coefficients. This feature provides an interesting flexibility for our developed method, so that it can be used as a unified method for performance analysis of equal gain combiner over various independent fading channels, especially where the required integrations have no closed‐form solutions. To present an application for the proposed approximation method, the fading channel is modeled by three‐parameter generalized Gamma distribution (GG3), which is a generic model that covers many well‐known channel models for both multipath and shadow fading. The presented numerical results show good accuracy as well as low computational complexity of the presented method. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fatty acid and conjugated linoleic acid isomer profiles in human milk fat
Authors: Luna Pilar , Juárez Manuela , de la Fuente Miguel Angel 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe fatty acid composition of 39 mature human milk samples from four Spanish women collected between 2 and 18 weeks during lactation was studied by gas chromatography. The conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomer profile was also determined by silver‐ion HPLC (Ag+‐HPLC) with three columns in series. The major fatty acid fraction in milk lipids throughout lactation was represented by the monounsaturated fatty acids, with oleic acid being the predominant compound (36–49% of total fatty acids). The saturated fatty acid fraction represented more than 35% of the total fatty acids, and polyunsaturated fatty acids ranged on average between 10 and 13%. Mean values of total CLA varied from 0.12 to 0.15% of total fatty acids. The complex mixture of CLA isomers was separated by Ag+‐HPLC. Rumenic acid (RA, cis‐9 trans‐11 C18:2) was the major isomer, representing more than 60% of total CLA. Trans‐9 trans‐11 and 7‐9 (cis‐trans + trans‐cis) C18:2 were the main CLA isomers after RA. Very small amounts of 8‐10 and 10‐12 C18:2 (cis‐trans + trans‐cis) isomers were detected, as were different proportions of cis‐11 trans‐13 and trans‐11 cis‐13 C18:2. Although most of the isomers were present in all samples, their concentrations varied considerably.
Fast determination of prominent carotenoids in tomato fruits by CEC using methacrylate ester‐based monolithic columns
Authors: Adalid Ana Maria , Herrero‐Martínez José Manuel , Roselló Salvador , Maquieira Angel , Nuez Fernando 
Published: October 2007

AbstractIn this study, the major carotenoids (β‐carotene and lycopene) present in tomato fruits were analyzed by CEC with a methacrylate ester‐based monolithic column. The effects of the porogenic solvent ratio, and the hydrophobicity of bulk monomer employed were examined on carotenoids separations. A fast separation of these analytes was achieved in less than 5.0 min in a mobile phase containing 35% THF, 30% ACN, 30% methanol, and 5% of a 5 mM Tris aqueous buffer, pH 8, with lauryl methacrylate‐based monoliths. The CEC method was evaluated in terms of detection limit and reproducibility (retention time, area, and column preparation) with values below 1.6 μg/mL and 7.2%, respectively. The proposed procedure was successfully applied to the determination of both carotenoids in fruits of several tomato‐related species and its usefulness to analyze large series of samples for nutritional quality screening trials in tomato breeding programs is demonstrated. To our knowledge, this is the first work that exploits the powerful and user‐friendly monolithic technology for quality breeding and germplasm evaluation program purposes.
CE: A useful analytical tool for the characterization of Maillard reaction products in foods
Authors: Vallejo‐Cordoba Belinda , González‐Córdova Aarón F. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe Maillard reaction (MR) is a complex series of nonenzymatic reactions between reducing compounds and amines, amino acids, peptides, or proteins that play an important role in the formation of flavors and colors in foods during processing and storage. Also, the antioxidant properties of some Maillard reaction products (MRP) was an additional benefit reported. On the other hand, these reactions decrease the nutritional quality of foods and may result in the formation of toxic MRP. Although, research to assess the risks and benefits associated with the consumption of MRP in the diet is still awaiting for new analytical methodologies to be developed. Structural characterization of MRP has been very challenging due to the chemical diversity of these compounds which present a wide range of polarities and molecular weights, making analyses difficult. CE is a technique that has gained popularity for the separation of complex mixtures that have otherwise proved difficult to analyze. Thus, the purpose of this overview is to give the reader an appreciation of some of the CE analytical developments on the analysis of MRP in model systems and foods, and to address the potential of CE on the characterization of this complex group of compounds.