bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Terrylene Bisimide based Universal Host for Aromatic Guests to Derive Contact Surface‐Dependent Dispersion Energies
Authors: Rühe Jessica , Rajeevan Megha , Shoyama Kazutaka , Swathi Rotti Srinivasamurthy , Würthner Frank 
Published: February 2024

Abstractπ–π interactions are among the most important intermolecular interactions in supramolecular systems. Here we determine experimentally a universal parameter for their strength that is simply based on the size of the interacting contact surfaces. Toward this goal we designed a new cyclophane based on terrylene bisimide (TBI) π‐walls connected by para‐xylylene spacer units. With its extended π‐surface this cyclophane proved to be an excellent and universal host for the complexation of π‐conjugated guests, including small and large polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) as well as dye molecules. The observed binding constants range up to 108 M−1 and show a linear dependence on the 2D area size of the guest molecules. This correlation can be used for the prediction of binding constants and for the design of new host–guest systems based on the herewith derived universal Gibbs interaction energy parameter of 0.31 kJ/molÅ2 in chloroform.
Effect of pulverized coal/carbon black hybrid fillers on mechanical properties and thermal stability of styrene butadiene rubber composites
Authors: Cai Jing , Yang Xiaoyong , Jiao Ruimin , He Xiaofang , Cao Xinxin , Xu Fuqin , Hou Zhaoyang , Ma Zhihui , Zhang Xinyang 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPulverized coal (coal) possesses a layered structure similar to graphite and is a potential reinforcing filler. In this paper, ball milling is used to reduce the particle diameter of coal. The coal is modified with KH‐560 to obtain K‐COAL and prepared K‐COAL/styrene‐butadiene rubber (SBR) composites. In addition, carbon black (CB) is modified to obtain CB‐Si69, K‐COAL and CB‐Si69 are added to SBR in different ratios to prepare COAL/CB/SBR composites. The results show that the addition of K‐COAL can improve the vulcanization performance, thermal stability, and mechanical properties of SBR composites, but the reinforcing effect is weak. In the COAL/CB/SBR composites, the vulcanization and mechanical properties of the composites gradually increase with the increase of CB, while those of the thermal stability decrease. The tensile strength of the 10 phr COAL/30 phr CB/SBR composite is 24.1 MPa, which is elevated by 1105% and 205% compared with the pure SBR and 40 phr K‐COAL/SBR composites, respectively. The composites maintain high elasticity while the tensile strengths are greatly improved, and the mechanical properties are significantly enhanced. In conclusion, this paper provides a reference for the clean utilization of coal and shows new possibilities for finding new fillers to replace CB.
Novel benzene sulfonamides with acetylcholinesterase and carbonic anhydrase inhibitory actions
Authors: El Ati Rafika , Öztaşkın Necla , Çağan Ahmet , Akıncıoğlu Akın , Demir Yeliz , Göksu Süleyman , Touzani Rachid , Gülçin İlhami 
Published: March 2024

AbstractA series of benzene sulfonamides 15–26 were synthesized and determined for their in vitro and in silico inhibitory profiles toward acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and carbonic anhydrases (CAs). Commercially available 3,4‐dimethoxytoluene was reacted with chlorosulfonic acid to furnish benzene sulfonyl chloride derivatives. The reaction of substituted benzene sulfonyl chloride with some amines also including (±)‐α‐amino acid methyl esters afforded a series of novel benzene sulfonamides. In this study, the enzyme inhibition abilities of these compounds were evaluated against AChE and CAs. They exhibited a highly potent inhibition ability on AChE and ‐CAs (Ki values are in the range of 28.11 ± 4.55 nM and 145.52 ± 28.68 nM for AChE, 39.20 ± 2.10 nM to 131.54 ± 12.82 nM for CA I, and 50.96 ± 9.83 nM and 147.94 ± 18.75 nM for CA II). The present newly synthesized novel benzene sulfonamides displayed efficient inhibitory profiles against AChE and CAs, and it is anticipated that they may emerge as lead molecules for some diseases including glaucoma, epilepsy, and Alzheimer's disease.
Leukemia cancer cells and immune cells derived‐exosomes: Possible roles in leukemia progression and therapy
Authors: Salman Dyar Mudhafar , Mohammad Talar Ahmad Merza 
Published: March 2024

AbstractExosomes have a significant impact on tumor survival, proliferation, metastasis, and recurrence. They also open up new therapeutic options and aid in the pathological identification and diagnosis of cancers. Exosomes have been shown in numerous studies to be essential for facilitating cell‐to‐cell communication. In B‐cell hematological malignancies, the proteins and RNAs that are encased by circulating exosomes are thought to represent prospective sources for therapeutic drugs as well as biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis. Additionally, exosomes can offer a “snapshot” of the tumor and the metastatic environment at any given point in time. In this review study, we concluded that leukemia‐derived exosomes could be utilized as prognostic, diagnostic, and therapeutic biomarkers for individuals suffering from leukemia. Moreover, clinical studies have demonstrated that immune cells like dendritic cells create exosomes, which have the ability to activate the immune system against leukemia.
O‐nitrobenzyl Caged Molecule Enables Photo‐controlled Release of Thiabendazole
Authors: Fu Wen , Shao Zhongli , Xu Zhiping , Li Zhong , Shao Xusheng 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPesticides are essential in agricultural development. Controlled‐release pesticides have attracted great attentions. Base on a principle of spatiotemporal selectivity, we extended the photoremovable protective group (PRPG) into agrochemical agents to achieve controllable release of active ingredients. Herein, we obtained NP‐TBZ by covalently linking o‐nitrobenzyl (NP) with thiabendazole (TBZ). Compound NP‐TBZ can be controlled to release TBZ in dependent to light. The irradiated and unirradiated NP‐TBZ showed significant differences on fungicidal activities both in vitro and in vivo. In addition, the irradiated NP‐TBZ displayed similar antifungal activities to the directly‐used TBZ, indicating a factual applicability in controllable release of TBZ. Furthermore, we explored the action mode and microcosmic variations by SEM analysis, and demonstrated that the irradiated NP‐TBZ retained a same action mode with TBZ against mycelia growth.
Corrosion Modeling of Aluminum Alloys: A Brief Review
Authors: Ruiz‐Garcia A. , Esquivel‐Peña V. , Godínez F. A. , Montoya R. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCorrosion remains a critical concern in various industries, particularly in applications involving aluminum alloys due to their widespread usage as light structural materials. This work provides a comprehensive overview of the recent advances in modeling techniques for better understanding the corrosion behavior of aluminum alloys. The present study encompasses the state‐of‐the‐art of computational approaches, highlighting their strengths and limitations. Special attention is given to transport models, galvanic couples, localized corrosion, and the incorporation of different factors, such as pH variations, electrolyte thicknesses and dynamic electrolytes into corrosion models. Furthermore, the review delves into both bulk and atmospheric corrosion models. On the other hand, this work also emphasizes a clear differentiation between models designed for bare aluminum alloys and those tailored for coated ones. Additionally, it addresses certain challenges associated with the experimental validation of such models. This review concludes with perspectives on both sophisticated transport models to bridge the gap between industrial and academic investigations, as well as the integration of machine learning and artificial intelligence techniques in corrosion modeling, offering promising directions for future research in this field.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Catalytic Application of Colloidal and Supported Manganese Nanoparticles
Authors: Zenner Johannes , Tran Kelly , Kang Liqun , Kinzel Niklas W. , Werlé Christophe , DeBeer Serena , Bordet Alexis , Leitner Walter 
Published: February 2024

AbstractColloidal and supported manganese nanoparticles were synthesized following an organometallic approach and applied in the catalytic transfer hydrogenation (CTH) of aldehydes and ketones. Reaction parameters for the preparation of colloidal nanoparticles (NPs) were optimized to yield small (2–2.5 nm) and well‐dispersed NPs. Manganese NPs were further immobilized on an imidazolium‐based supported ionic phase (SILP) and characterized to evaluate NP size, metal loading, and oxidation states. Oxidation of the Mn NPs by the support was observed resulting in an average formal oxidation state of +2.5. The MnOx@SILP material showed promising performance in the CTH of aldehydes and ketones using 2‐propanol as a hydrogen donor, outperforming previously reported Mn NPs‐based CTH catalysts in terms of metal loading‐normalized turnover numbers. Interestingly, MnOx@SILP were found to lose activity upon air exposure, which correlates with an additional increase in the average oxidation state of Mn as revealed by X‐ray absorption spectroscopic studies.
Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Eukaryotic Initiation Factor 2B (eIF2B) Activators
Authors: Pei Yifeng , Liu Sentao , Wang Lixun , Chen Chao , Hu Mengqiu , Xue Yi , Guan Dezhong , Xie Lingfeng , Liao Hong , Zhou Jinpei , Zhang Huibin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe eukaryotic initiation factor 2B (eIF2B) is a key regulator in protein‐regulated signaling pathways and is closely related to the function of the central nervous system. Modulating eIF2B could retard the process of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and vanishing white matter disease (VWM) et al. Here, we designed and synthesized a series of novel eIF2B activators containing oxadiazole fragments. The activating effects of compounds on eIF2B were investigated through testing the inhibition of ATF4 expression. Of all the targeted compounds, compounds 21 and 29 exhibited potent inhibition on ATF4 expression with IC50 values of 32.43 nM and 47.71 nM, respectively, which were stronger than that of ISRIB (IC50=67.90 nM). ATF4 mRNA assay showed that these two compounds could restore ATF4 mRNA to normal levels in thapsigargin‐stimulated HeLa cells. Protein Translation assay showed that both compounds were effective in restoring protein synthesis. Compound potency assay showed that both compounds had similar potency to ISRIB with EC50 values of 5.844 and 37.70 nM. Cytotoxicity assay revealed that compounds 21 and 29 had low toxicity and were worth further investigation.
Nuclei and tracts in the thalamus of crocodiles
Authors: Pritz Michael B. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe thalamus is one of the most important divisions of the forebrain because it serves as the major hub for transmission of information between the brainstem and telencephalon. While many studies have investigated the thalamus in mammals, comparable analyses in reptiles are incomplete. To fill this gap in knowledge, the thalamus was investigated in crocodiles using a variety of morphological techniques. The thalamus consists of two parts: a dorsal and a ventral division. The dorsal thalamus was defined by its projections to the telencephalon, whereas the ventral thalamus lacked this circuit. The complement of nuclei in each part of the thalamus was identified and characterized. Alar and basal components of both the dorsal and ventral thalamus were distinguished. Although some alar‐derived nuclei in the dorsal thalamus shared certain features, no grouping could account for all of the known nuclei. However, immunohistochemical observations suggested a subdivision of alar‐derived ventral thalamic nuclei. In view of this, a different approach to the organization of the dorsal thalamus should be considered. Development of the dorsal thalamus is suggested to be one way to provide a fresh perspective on its organization.
Multifunctional Logic Operations Based Upon Congruent Ion Sensing Appended with a Strategic Molecular Device: Spectroscopic Approach
Authors: Samanta Saikat , Paul Provakar , Mahapatra Chinmoy , Biswas Bhaskar , Majumdar Tapas , Mallick Arabinda 
Published: March 2024

AbstractA multi‐responsive smart molecular system is constructed using a newly synthesized Salen molecule, 1,3‐bis((E)‐2,3,4‐trimethoxy benzylideneamino) propan‐2‐ol (TMBP), to selectively recognize the presence and absence of Cu2+ ions aided by another selective metal ion, Zn2+. The emission efficiency of the non‐emissive probe is selectively and significantly enhanced in presence of Zn2+, while the improved emission of probe‐Zn2+ complex is completely quenched upon interaction with Cu2+. Thus, the probe acts as a reporter molecule for the selective detection of Cu2+ in the co‐presence of Zn2+. Comprehensive spectroscopic studies indicate that Zn2+ ion‐coordination significantly reduces the flexibility of the Schiff base unit and the extent of photoinduced electron transfer which in turn enhance the fluorescence intensity. While Cu2+, a d9 system, induces paramagnetic quenching over the enhanced emission through stable ground‐state complexation and metal‐ligand charge transfer. The spectroscopic results are translated into the designing of a multifunctional smart‐molecular system that could function as YES, NOT, INHIBIT, PASS 0, TRANSFER and NOT TRANSFER logic gates. Finally, a blueprint of a smart molecular device is proposed to present the relay sensing of Zn2+ and Cu2+ through logical outputs that would work in‐sync with the spectroscopic results.
Onset of Nitriles Hydration with an Environmentally Benign Catalyst: in‐Water versus on‐Water Conditions
Authors: Pollet Rodolphe , Andronaco Mathilde , Biswal Himansu S. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe reaction yield of nitriles hydration using a catalyst depends on the aqueous medium. Using ab initio molecular dynamics, we probed whether ”in‐water” (in bulk medium) or ”on‐water” (at the interface with vacuum) conditions can change the onset of the reaction. Investigating a hydrogen‐bond mediated mechanism, the lifetimes of the intermolecular interaction between benzonitrile and choline in the two protocols were compared, and the diffusion of the hydroxide anion around the cyano group was discussed.
The Influence of a Soil Sample Core
Authors: Larkin Michael 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIt is critical that we are careful, not casual, when sampling soils. Many dollars of fertilizer decision rest upon a good soil sample. Several years ago, I was curious about the influence of the number of sample cores that comprise a composite soil sample. A review of several soil‐sampling publications at the time recommended anywhere from 8 to 20 individual cores should comprise the sample. So I endeavored to look at the statistics behind this suggestion. What I discovered will be discussed in this article. Earn 0.5 CEUs in Soil & Water Management by reading this article and taking the quiz at https://web.sciencesocieties.org/Learning‐Center/Courses.
Eastern Canadian boreal forest soil and foliar chemistry show evidence of resilience to long‐term nitrogen addition
Authors: Houle Daniel , Moore Jean‐David , Renaudin Marie 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe boreal forest is one of the world's largest terrestrial biome and plays crucial roles in global biogeochemical cycles, such as carbon (C) sequestration in vegetation and soil. However, the impacts of decades of N deposition on N‐limited ecosystems, like the eastern Canadian boreal forest, remain unclear. For 13 years, N deposition was simulated by periodically adding ammonium nitrate on soils of two boreal coniferous forests (i.e., balsam fir and black spruce) of eastern Canada, at low (LN) and high (HN) rates, corresponding to 3 and 10 times the ambient N deposition, respectively. We show that more than a decade of N addition had no strong effects on mineral soil C, N, P, and cation concentrations and on foliar total Ca, K, Mg, and Mn concentrations. In organic soil, C stock was not affected by N addition while N stock increased, and exchangeable Ca2+ and Mg2+ decreased at the balsam fir site under HN treatment. At both sites, LN treatment had nearly no impact on foliage and soil chemistry but foliar N and N:P significantly increased under HN treatment, potentially leading to foliar nutrient imbalance. Overall, our work indicates that, in the eastern Canadian boreal forest, soil and foliar nutrient concentrations and stocks are resilient to increasing N deposition potentially because, in the context of N limitation, extra N would be rapidly immobilized by soil micro‐organisms and vegetation. These findings could improve modeling future boreal forest soil C stocks and biomass growth and could help in planning forest management strategies in eastern Canada.
The relationship between niche breadth and phylogenetic characteristics of eight species of rhubarb on the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau, Asia
Authors: Chen Kaiyang , Wang Bo , Chen Chen , Zhou Guoying 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe relationship between spatial distribution and phylogeny has been widely debated in recent decades. To understand biogeographic and evolutionary history relationships and to explore the interspecific similarities and phylogenetic correlations of niche characteristics, we collected and recorded all distribution points for eight species of rhubarb on the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau, used different methods to describe the ecological niche, and explored the relationship between phylogeny, ecological niche, and distribution range. The results reveal that: (1) the ranges of optimal environmental variables for species with close kinship are not exactly the same, ecologically similar species are not necessarily sister species, and the overlap of rhubarb has no significant correlation with phylogeny. Therefore, the impact of ecological dimensions on species formation is greater than that of geographical latitude for the eight species of rhubarb. (2) Among the eight species of rhubarb, the breadth of ecological niche is positively correlated with the current suitable habitat area and negatively correlated with fluctuations in future suitable habitat area. In the future, except for Rheum tanguticum and Rheum palmatum, the suitable planting areas for the other six species of rhubarb will decrease as greenhouse gas emissions concentrations and time increase. Therefore, species with smaller ecological niches are at a greater risk of habitat loss compared to species with larger ecological niches. (3) In both existing and future distribution prediction models of rhubarb, we observed that both the widely distributed Rheum spiciforme and the niche narrow Rheum nobile, all eight species of rhubarb are present in the Hengduan Mountains, based on our analysis, we propose that the Hengduan Mountains should be regarded as a priority conservation area for rhubarb, to preserve the species' biodiversity. Our study lays the groundwork for identifying evolutionary trends in ecological specialization.
Effects of grazing exclusion on soil properties, fungal community structure, and diversity in different grassland types
Authors: Zhou Shijie , Dong Yiqiang , Yang Helong , Yang Suwen , Julihaiti Asitaiken , Liu Zeyu , Nie Tingting , Jiang Anjing , Wu Yue , An Shazhou 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSoil fungi are involved in the decomposition of organic matter, and they alter soil structure and physicochemical properties and drive the material cycle and energy flow in terrestrial ecosystems. Fungal community assembly processes were dissimilar in different soil layers and significantly affected soil microbial community function and plant growth. Grazing exclusion is one of the most common measures used to restore degraded grasslands worldwide. However, changes in soil fungal community characteristics during grazing exclusion in different types of grasslands are unknown. Here, we investigated the effects of a 9‐year grazing exclusion on soil properties, fungal community composition, and diversity in three grassland types (temperate desert, temperate steppe, and mountain meadow). The results showed that (1) in the 0–5 cm soil layer, grazing exclusion significantly increased the differences in SWC, SOC, KN, and N:P among the three grassland types, while the final pH, BD, TP, C:N, and C:P values were consistent with the results before exclusion. In the 5–10 cm soil layer, grazing exclusion significantly increased total phosphorus (TP) in temperate deserts by 34.1%, while significantly decreasing bulk density (BD) by 9.8% and the nitrogen: phosphorus ratio (N:P) by 47.1%. (2) The soil fungal community composition differed among the grassland types, For example, significant differences were found among the three grassland types for the Glomeromycota and Mucoromycota. (3) Under the influence of both grazing exclusion and grassland type, there was no significant change in soil fungal alpha diversity, but there were significant differences in fungal beta diversity. (4) Grassland type was the most important factor influencing changes in fungal community diversity, and vegetation cover and soil kjeldahl nitrogen were the main factors influencing fungal diversity. Our research provides a long‐term perspective for better understanding and managing different grasslands, as well as a better scientific basis for future research on grass–soil–microbe interactions.
Report of abnormal tail regeneration of Eremias yarkandensis (Sauria: Lacertidae) and its locomotor performance
Authors: Liang Tao , Ran Jiang‐miao , Liang Qian‐ru , Leng Lin , Du Jiang‐hao , Wang Jia , Shi Lei 
Published: March 2024

AbstractCaudal autotomy is a phenomenon observed in many reptile taxa, and tail loss is a pivotal functional trait for reptiles, with potentially negative implications for organism fitness due to its influence on locomotion. Some lizard species can regenerate a lost tail, which sometimes can lead to the development of more than one tail (i.e., abnormal tail regeneration) in the process. However, little is currently known about the impact of abnormal tail regeneration on locomotor performance. In this study, we document abnormal tail regeneration in Eremias yarkandensis, a reptile species native to northwestern China. Additionally, we investigated the sprint speed and endurance performance of these lizards. This study provides the first report on abnormal tail regeneration and its locomotor performance on a Chinese reptile. We suggest that the abnormal regeneration of tails may contribute to the accumulation of food reserves in the species. In light of our findings, we propose that herpetologists continue to share their sporadic observations and assess the locomotor performance of species experiencing abnormal tail regeneration, further expanding our understanding of this intriguing phenomenon.