bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expounding the Environment of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs): A Qualitative Study Conducted in Pakistan
Authors: Farid Huma , Qazi Tehmina Fiaz , Basit Abdul , Niazi Abdul Aziz Khan 
Published: March 2024

The aim of this study is to expound the environment of SMEs by way of identifying, ranking and classifying factors that affect growth of SMEs. The overall design of the study comprises of review of literature, data collection from primary sources and application of modeling techniques. This is a qualitative study that comprises of literature review along with experts’ opinion for exploring environmental factors affecting growth of SMEs. The experts are selected on the basis of non-probability based purposive sampling and data is collected by face to face interview through a questionnaire. The factors are ranked in different levels of importance using Interpretive Structural Model (ISM) which later on are classified in independent, dependent, autonomous and linkage using MICMAC. The results of literature review and experts’ opinion show that there are fifteen important factors that are critical. The results of ISM show that the least critical factors occupying Level I includes ‘age of enterprise’, ‘experience of owner’ and ‘education of owner’, whereas, ‘trade internationalization’ is the most critical factor occupying Level IX. Remaining eleven factors are with effects that range on the continuum of moderate to severe moderate occupying middle position of the model. The results of MICMAC reveal that trade internationalization is categorized as the important independent factor along with seven other factors. Six factors are categorized as dependent factors. Only one factor is classified as autonomous, and as such no factor is categorized in linkage. This is a seminal research study that contributes to the literature by providing new firsthand information on the phenomenon under study by using novel mathematical modeling techniques. This study is helpful to all stakeholders including Government, industry, researchers and academicians in prioritizing the critical factors for revolutionary growth of SME sector.
Natural Resource Management: Legal and Governance Issues of Reko Diq Project
Authors: Hasan Gul , Bashir Siraj , Zarar Rukhshanda , Ahmed Shakeel 
Published: March 2024

Balochistan Province of Pakistan is gifted with enormous reserves of minerals owing to its unique geological condition. One of the most important mineral resource projects is the Reko Diq mining project which is one of the largest projects of its kind globally. The Reko Diq mineral resource located in the mineral-rich Tethyan belt was discovered by the Geological Survey of Pakistan (GSP) from 1960 to 1970. The estimated reserves of Reko Diq comprise 12.3 million tons of copper and 20.9 million ounces of gold. However, the Reko Diq project became embroiled in legal disputes and controversy when the Balochistan government, represented by the Balochistan Development Authority, signed agreements with foreign investment companies for gold and copper exploration in the area of Reko Diq at Chagai. This research paper examines the establishment of the Chagai Hills Exploration Joint Venture Agreement (CHEJVA), analyzes the Supreme Court's decision on Pakistan regarding Maulana Abdul Haq Baloch's case against the government of Balochistan, and highlights the arbitration proceedings of the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes. The research also concludes that an American mineral company Broken Hills Proprietary (BHP), took advantage of the unstable political situation in Balochistan under the caretaker government in 1993. The Balochistan Mineral Rules, 2002, were enacted to grant undue relaxations favoring foreign companies. These issues significantly impacted the validity of the Reko Diq agreement. Consequently, this case created an impression that foreign investments are not secure in Pakistan, necessitating actions to protect their interests. Moreover, the Reko Diq case had various economic impacts on Pakistan and hindered the development of the province and the country. This research paper recommends reforms in the legal framework of the mineral sector and advocates for advanced equipment in exploration to create employment opportunities. Additionally, establishing a domestic dispute resolution forum is proposed as a more favorable approach for settling such disputes, rather than resorting to international jurisdictions.
DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF HEMORRHOIDS : A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Authors: Gajah Supriyadi , Martupa Lumbantoruan Johannes 
Published: March 2024

Background: Hemorrhoids are vascular tissues that naturally develop in the submucosa of the anal canal. They are composed of blood vessels with many arteriovenous connections, smooth muscle, and loose connective tissue, which explains why hemorrhoidal bleeding is usually brilliant red.
Aims : This systematic review is to review the diagnosis and managements of hemorrhoids.
Methods: This study demonstrated compliance with all requirements by means of a comparison with the standards established by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) 2020. Thus, the specialists were able to guarantee that the research was as current as feasible. Publications released between 2014 and 2024 were considered for this search strategy. This was accomplished by utilizing a number of distinct online reference sites, including Pubmed, ScienceDirect, and SagePub. It was determined that reviews, previously published works, and partially completed works would not be included.
Result: In the PubMed database, the results of our search brought up 7536 articles, whereas the results of our search on SAGEPUB brought up 4560 articles, our search on SCIENCE DIRECT brought up 5110 articles. The results of the search conducted for the last year of 2014 yielded a total 3250 articles for PubMed, 1369 articles for SAGEPUB and 1565 articles for SCIENCE DIRECT. In the end, we compiled a total of 8 papers, 5 of which came from PubMed, 1 of which came from SAGEPUB and 2 of which came from SCIENCE DIRECT. We included eight research that met the criteria.
Conclusion: In summary, the illness hemorrhoids is prevalent yet complicated. Patients who have hemorrhoidal signs and symptoms should be closely examined to rule out other possible masquerade conditions. Hemorrhoids can be managed in a variety of ways, and the best course of action depends on the unique needs of each patient as well as clinical considerations.
مكانة البحث العلمي في العلوم المختلفة وانعكاساته على الدول العربية
Authors: مقداد نادية 
Published: March 2024

هدفت هذه الورقة البحثية إلى إبراز الأهمية التي يكتسيها موضوع البحث العلمي كونه يعد من أهم الركائز في تعميق المعرفة العلمية المبنية على الحقائق سواء تعلق الامر بالفرد أو المجتمع حيث تضمنت هذه الدراسة الجوانب المتعلقة بالموضوع كالإطار المفاهيمي للبحث العلمي إضافة إلى مجالاته المختلفة كالتربية و التعليم و تكنولوجيا المعلومات وإدارة الأعمال و الادب ثم البيئة و العلوم الاجتماعية والنفسية و مدى انعكاساته على الدول العربية كما سلطنا الضوء على واقع البحث العلمي في دول العالم العربي من خلال تقييم مجموعة من المؤشرات المتعلقة بذلك وعليه توصلنا إلى مجموعة من النتائج أبرزها أن البحث العلمي في الوطن العربي لا يزال محتشما مقارنة بدول العالم فهو يحتاج إلى تكاثف الجهود لتحسين الوضع والتكيف مع التطور في العالم و منه خلصت الدراسة إلى أن البحث العلمي أضحى يشكل عصب الحياة الحالية و المستقبلية و لا يمكن للدول التي تسعى للتطور أن تعيش بمعزل عنه.
The Effect Size of Inquiry Based Learning Containing Ethno-Physics on Students 21 Century Thinking Skills
Authors: Meriyati  , Bucky Wibawa Karya Guna  , Muhammad Ichsan Abda  , Asmawati  , Sutarto  , Unpris Yastanti  
Published: March 2024

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of ethno-physics-based inquiry-based learning on students' 21st century thinking skills. This type of research is quantitative research with meta-analysis methods. The data comes from an analysis of 14 national and international journals published in the last 5 years 2019-2024. The data search keyword is inquiry based learning model; Inquiry-based learning based on ethno-physics and students' 21st century thinking skills. Search for data sources through google scholar; ERIC and Mendeley. Data analysis in this study is a quantitative analysis by calculating the effect size value of each study with the Microsoft excel 2020 application building. The results of this study concluded that the ethno-physics-based inquiry-based learning model had a significant effect on students' 21st century thinking skills with an average value of effect size ES = 0.837 (high effect size). These findings provide important information that the implementation of ethno-physics-based inquiry-based learning has a positive impact on students' 21st century thinking skills.
Public Sector Budgeting in Poland: Challenges and Opportunities in a Changing Economy
Authors: Jarosiński Krzysztof 
Published: March 2024

This paper examines the challenges faced by Poland's public sector enterprises and organizations as they manage budgets during the country's transition to a market economy. It investigates how traditional budgetary principles interact with new economic development concepts, drawing on development economics to understand the unique context of Poland's systemic shift. The study analyzes empirical data and public finance trends, arguing that maximizing tax revenue through higher burdens is counterproductive. Specifically, the paper explores how escalating tax burdens on public sector units can stifle economic growth and contribute to the expansion of the shadow economy. Instead, the paper proposes a focus on rational and efficient resource allocation within the public sector as a means to bolster budgetary revenues without hindering overall economic development. This study offers valuable insights for policymakers and researchers interested in understanding the complexities of public finance management within transitional economies.
Aktualisasi Modal Sosial Masyarakat Jakarta Dalam Penanganan Pencemaran Plastik Di Teluk Jakarta Dalam Perspektif Keamanan Lingkungan Maritim
Authors: Nabillah Khurin , Jurianto Mochamad , Adrianto Agus , Suwarno Panji 
Published: March 2024

Teluk Jakarta menjadi etalase depan wajah kegiatan maritim di Indonesia. Sampah di laut Teluk Jakarta menjadi masalah utama dalam pembangunan di Jakarta. Meskipun Jakarta memiliki modal sosial yang besar, namun aktualisasi dari modal sosial dalam penyelesaian masalah keamanan masih belum banyak diketahui. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis i strategi penerapan modal sosial masyarakat Jakarta dalam penanganan sampah plastik di Teluk Jakarta saat ini dalam perspektif keamanan lingkungan maritime. Metode yang digunakan adalah diskriptif kualitatif. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Jakarta, dengan melaksanakan wawancara di Kemenkomarves, Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan dan Dinas Lingkungan Hidup DKI Jakarta. Selain itu, observasi dan wawancara juga dilaksanakan kepada Petugas Pandu (Marine Pilot) Tanjung Priok, Komandan KRI, dan Nahkoda Kapal Pelayaran Rakyat di Muara Baru . Waktu penelitian November 2020 sampai Januari 2021. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dampak sampah plastik di Teluk Jakarta telah mengganggu keamanan pelayaran, aktualisasi penerapan modal sosial masyarakat Jakarta dalam penanganan sampah plastik di Teluk Jakarta dilaksanakan melalui program Bank Sampah, Citizen Relation Management, SAMTAMA dan Jakarta Recycle Center. Dalam penanganan sampah di laut, Pemerintah DKI Jakarta tidak bisa bekerja sendirian, perlu kolaborasi dengan pemerintah daerah sekitarnya. Strategi yang dilakukan adalah Ends, tercapaianya peningkatan peran serta modal sosial dan pelaku usaha secara aktif mengurangi sampah berwawasan lingkungan, sampah menjadi sumber ekonomi. Ways adalah dengan pengurangan sampah di sumber, optimalisasi TPST Bantargebang dan pembangunan Intermediate Treatment Facility. Sedangkan Means yang digunakan melalui Kelembagaan, Pendanaan, dan Masyarakat / swasta / perguruan tinggi.
Developing Virtual Web as Learning Media for Web Programming in SMK
Authors: Sorongan Dedi , Mose Yuliana , Berikang Reonaldy A 
Published: March 2024

The purposes of this research are (1) to generate virtual web as learning media subject specifically for web programming, (2) to find out the appropriateness of the product developed as a learning medium, and (3) to determine the effectiveness of the use of the e-learning for web programming subject. This research was through three stages: (1) the initial product development refers to the steps developed by Ivers& Barron namely Decide, Design, Develop, and Evaluate, (2) the testing ofthe product refers to the design of the test developed by Alessi&Trollip namely alpha testing, beta testing, and validating, and (3) the test ofthe effectiveness of using virtual web for the subjects of web programming by comparing the gain of pretest / posttest experiment group at XA TKJ class that uses virtual web, and the control class XB TKJ who do not use virtual web. Technical data analysis to the eksperiment product (test) using descriptive statistical in the form of statement very good, good, less good, less, much less which is converted in to quantitatif data at scale 5. The average result assesment categorizing ussing the assesment criteria by Widoyoko.The result of this research is a e-learning which is used speciallyfor web programming subject.The results of alpha testing phase, beta testing and summative test show that the e-learning is in the category of "very good" that deserves to be used. Effectiveness test results through a pretest / posttes show an increase in the mean score of the experiment class of 37.50 which is greater than the control class that the increase only amounted to 30.16, it can be concluded that there is an increase of learning outcomes for using e-learning
Collaborative of Mount Tumpa Forest Park (Tahura) Conservation Area HV People in Manado City using IT Management Based
Authors: Pandawa Roy Marthen , Langkai Jeane E. , Kairupan Sisca B. 
Published: March 2024

Mature this management collaboration (collaborative management) in a area conservation Forest considered suitable and capable for reduce various conflict problems that arise. Type research used is qualitative Study descriptive qualitative, descriptive that is something formula driving problem study for explore or take pictures situation social will researched in a manner thorough, broad and deep. Data collected with technique interviews and observations. Study conducted for Describe, analyze and interpret management collaboration of the Gunung Forest Park Conservation Area (TAHURA) Tumpa HV People in Manado. Nope exist involvement and benefits regularly directly felt by the community is indicator that the management done during this not yet suitable by meaning, purpose, principle as well as meaning conservation source power nature live As impact from centralized management and only emphasize one principle protection already bring impact against area in the form of damage environment in the area Forest Park Conservation (TAHURA) Gunung Tumpa HV People. Required change paradigm management, namely collaboration collaboration Management of the Forest Park Conservation Area (TAHURA) Gunung Tumpa HV People must conducted in a manner participatory through actual and factual involvement to role community and related stakeholders other as partner work government. With refers to existing regulations and policies, agencies technical must transparent in give freedom for Public for To do Conservation Area Management especially in Utilization Blocks.
Implementation of School-Based Management at Senior High School of State I Ratahan Timur
Authors: Manansang Denny , Katuuk Deitje Adolfien , Sumual Shelty D.M. 
Published: March 2024

Implementation of School-Based Management (SBM), from time to time, the public's awareness of the urgency of education is increasing and is starting to appear on the surface. The purpose of this study is to describe the implementation of school-based management at Senior High School of State I Ratahan Timur and to describe the obstacles to implementing school-based management at Senior High School of State I Ratahan Timur. Describe the efforts made by the school to overcome the obstacles to the implementation of school-based management that occurred at Senior High School of State I Ratahan Timur. The research method used is the descriptive qualitative method. the research object is the implementation of learning supervision at Senior High School of State I Ratahan Timur, the researcher uses data collection techniques through observation, interviews, and documentation studies. Furthermore, to analyze the data that has been collected from the beginning of the study to the end of the study with data reduction techniques, data presentation, and conclusions. The results of this study indicate that the principal as a school leader seeks to optimally carry out his leadership duties following the concept of characteristics of school-based management objectives. This is evidenced by his role in planning, organizing, supervising, and evaluating the implementation of teaching and learning activities and administrative services running effectively and efficiently. This study concludes that school-based management in Senior High School of State I Ratahan Timur is seen as a very good government policy so that schools can be given the authority to determine the direction of school policies independently.
Blockchain based general data protection regulation compliant data breach detection system
Authors: Ansar Kainat , Ahmed Mansoor , Malik Saif Ur Rehman , Helfert Markus , Kim Jungsuk 
Published: March 2024

Context
Data breaches caused by insiders are on the rise, both in terms of frequency and financial impact on organizations. Insider threat originates from within the targeted organization and users with authorized access to an organization’s network, applications, or databases commit insider attacks.

Motivation
Insider attacks are difficult to detect because an attacker with administrator capabilities can change logs and login records to destroy the evidence of the attack. Moreover, when such a harmful insider attack goes undetected for months, it can do a lot of damage. Such data breaches may significantly impact the affected data owner’s life. Developing a system for rapidly detecting data breaches is still critical and challenging. General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) has defined the procedures and policies to mitigate the problems of data protection. Therefore, under the GDPR implementation, the data controller must notify the data protection authority when a data breach has occurred.

Problem Statement
Existing data breach detection mechanisms rely on a reliable third party. Because of the presence of a third party, such systems are not trustworthy, transparent, secure, immutable, and GDPR-compliant.

Contributions
To overcome these issues, this study proposed a GDPR-compliant data breach detection system by leveraging the benefits of blockchain technology. Smart contracts are written in Solidity and deployed on a local Ethereum test network to implement the solution. The proposed system can generate alert notifications against every data breach.

Results
We tested and deployed our proposed system, and the findings indicate that it can accomplish the insider threat mitigation objective. Furthermore, the GDPR compliance analysis of our system was also evaluated to make sure that it complies with the GDPR principles (such as right to be forgotten, access control, conditions for consent, and breach notifications). The conducted analysis has confirmed that the proposed system offers capabilities to comply with the GDPR from an application standpoint.
Conspecific and heterospecific cueing in shelter choices of Blaptica dubia cockroaches
Authors: Freeberg Todd M. , Risner S. Ryan , Lang Sarah Y. , Fiset Sylvain 
Published: March 2024

Background
Like many cockroaches, Argentinian wood roaches, Blaptica dubia, prefer darker shelters over lighter shelters. In three experiments, we asked whether chemical cues from other roaches might influence shelter choice, a process known as conspecific or heterospecific cueing, depending on whether the cues come from an individual of the same or a different species, respectively.

Methods
Each experiment involved trials with focal B. dubia cockroaches in testing arenas containing plastic shelters of varying levels of darkness, with filter paper under each shelter acting as a carrier for chemical cues. In Experiment 1, we tested female and male B. dubia cockroaches with two shelters matched for darkness but differing in cues (conspecific vs. none). The shelter with no cue contained a blank filter paper as a control. In Experiment 2 (conspecific cueing) and Experiment 3 (heterospecific cueing), we tested B. dubia cockroach choices for lighter or darker shelters with filter papers containing chemical cues of other roaches or no chemical cues. For the conspecific cueing study of Experiment 2, we used chemical cues from other B. dubia cockroaches. In contrast, for the heterospecific cueing study of Experiment 3, we used chemical cues from a different species, the death’s head cockroach, Blaberus craniifer.

Results
In Experiment 1, B. dubia cockroaches overwhelmingly preferred shelters with conspecific chemical cues over darkness-matched shelters without cues. In Experiments 2 and 3, they strongly preferred darker shelters, especially when chemical cues were present. Additionally, they were more likely to be under the lighter shelter when chemical cues were present there. These results reveal that the public information B. dubia cockroaches gain from chemical cues—including those from other species—can drive shelter choices in this species.