bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morphologic Evidence of the Histogenesis of Epithelial Thymoma in a Cow
Authors: Momotani E. , Nakamura N. , Shoya S. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Light and electron microscopic studies were performed on an epithelial thymoma obtained from a cow. Tumor masses were found in the cervical and dorsal mediastinal portions, in the hilus and parenchyma of the lung, on the surface of the kidney, and in a uterine horn. The masses were encapsulated and divided into distinct lobules or nodules by prominent trabeculae. Examination of the tumor cells by light microscopy showed squamous epithelial characteristics in both the eosinophilic granules and the periodic acid-Schiff-positive granules.
Electron microscopic observations revealed that the tumor cells had intercellular microvilli, which appeared to be the interdigitations between the cells, tonofilaments, and desmosomes. A few of the tumor cells contained round vesicles which resembled the hypertrophic type of epithelial cells of a normal thymus. These findings indicated that the tumor originated in the thymus’ epithelial cells.
Surface Rippling of the Lower Left Flank of the Cow: Mirror of Ruminal Motilit
Authors: McCarthy P. H. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A detailed description is given of 5 types of surface ripples occurring on the ventral part of the lateral abdominal region of the healthy dairy cow. Results of endoruminal palpation and concurrent visual observation of healthy cows which have permanent ruminal fistulae indicate that the more apparent ripples are due to the movements and changes in tension of the underlying cranial and caudal parts of the left longitudinal pillar and the left accessory pillar of the rumen. The ripples occur during both the primary (or mixing) cycle and the secondary (or eructation) cycle of ruminal motility.
The cause of the rising and sinking of the left paralumbar fossa is discussed, and a correlation is made between their occurrence and that of the surface rippling. The possible clinical significance of the rippling is considered.
Bronchoalveolar Washing Cells and Immunoglobulins of Clinically Normal Calves
Authors: Wilkie B. N. , Markham R. J. F. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Immunoglobulins (Ig) and cells have been characterized and quantitated in fluids obtained by lavage of clinically normal calf lungs, using fiberoptics bronchoscopy. Although IgA predominated in most individual bronchoalveolar fluid samples, the average ratio of IgG/IgA in the fluid was greater than the ratio in nasal washings and less than the ratio in serum. Macrophages were the predominant cell type, followed by lymphocytes and neutrophils.
Anthelmintic Efficacy of Albendazole Against Inhibited Larvae of Ostertagia ostertagi
Authors: Williams J. C. , Knox J. W. , Baumann B. A. , Snider T. G. , Hoerner T. J. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Albendazole was evaluated for its efficacy against inhibited early 4th-stage larvae of Ostertagia ostertagi for the 3rd consecutive year (April 1979) in naturally infected yearling beef cattle. Mean numbers of O ostertagi developmental stages in 10 nontreated controls were: adults, 11,485; developing 4th-stage larvae, 1,370; and early 4th-stage larvae, 51,500. The mean proportion of inhibited early 4th-stage larvae was 76.8%. Small numbers of Haemonchus sp and Trichostrongylus axei were uniformly present in the controls. At a dosage level of 7.5 mg/kg of body weight in a group of 10 cattle, the percentage of reduction in comparison with controls was: O ostertagi adults, 93.5; developing 4th-stage larvae, 53.4; and early 4th-stage larvae, 30.8. Percentage of reduction against Haemonchus sp and T axei adults was 94.5 and 100.0, respectively. At the larger dosage of 10.0 mg/kg in 10 cattle, percentage of reduction was: O ostertagi adults, 94.8; developing 4th-stage larvae, 49.5; and early 4th-stage larvae, 18.6. Percentage of reduction against Haemonchus sp and T axei adults was 100.0 for both species. Considerable variability of efficacy against inhibited larvae, as well as developing 4th-stage larvae in half of the animals of each treatment group, was responsible for the poor reductions. Clinical signs of toxicosis were not observed after administration of albendazole.
Clinical Chemistry of Anaplasmosis: Blood Chemical Changes in Infected Mature Cows
Authors: Allen P. C. , Kuttler K. L. , Amerault T. E. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The clinical chemical changes induced by Anaplasma marginale infection were determined in 16 adult, intact cows infected with either of 2 virulent isolates and in 8 others treated with a live sheep-attenuated A marginale vaccine and were compared with the clinical chemical analyses in 7 noninfected controls. Blood samples from the cows were analyzed for various serum components before and during clinical disease.
Cows infected with the 2 virulent isolates had maximum erythrocyte parasitemias (0.5% to 66%) between 1 and 11 days of patency (dp); 7 of the 16 infected animals died within 5 to 12 dp. Cows given the sheep-attenuated anaplasma vaccine had maximum parasitemias (0.1% to 4.2%) between 1 and 16 dp and none died.
Infection with the virulent isolates produced severe anemia (mean rbc count = about 2 million/mm3) and caused increases in serum total bilirubin (tbili), direct bilirubin (dbili), serum urea nitrogen (sun), alkaline phosphatase (alp), and serum aspartate aminotransferase (ast) that were significantly higher than comparable changes in control values. These increases were highest after peak parasitemias in surviving animals. Vaccination with the attenuated isolate produced a mild anemia (mean rbc count = about 5 million/mm3) and a significant increase only in alp.
Marked increase in tbili, dbili, sun, alp, and ast were detected 0 to 1 day before death in 3 cows. However, such increases were not observed 2 to 4 days before death in the other cows that died.
Chronic Catheterization of Coronary Sinus in Large Domestic Animals
Authors: Manohar M. , Thurmon J. C. , Tranquilli W. J. , Shawley R. V. , Froelich P. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A technique was developed for long-term catheterization of the coronary sinus in calves and ponies. A catheter with a 10 to 12 cm-long stiff segment was implanted via right lateral thoracotomy. Catheters were kept patent up to 10 weeks after the surgical procedure. At that time, location of the catheter tip was confirmed both by determining oxygen tension of the anaerobically sampled blood and by radiography. Base-line values of oxygen tension and content in the coronary venous blood of nonanesthetized calves and ponies are reported.
Acid-Base Status and Blood Gas Alterations Following Experimental Uremia in Cattle
Authors: Sharma S. N. , Singh Jit , Kumar V. Rama , Prasad B. , Kohli R. N. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Experimental uremia created by obstructing the urethra of 7 cross-bred bulls was associated with significant (P < 0.05) increases in pcv, blood urea nitrogen concentration, arterial and venous pH and PCO2, arterial bicarbonate, and base excess. Total serum protein concentration decreased nonsignificantly. Arterial PO2 reduced significantly during later stages of uremia. Arterial and venous oxygen saturation, arteriovenous oxygen difference, oxygen extraction ratio, and arteriovenous pH difference were not affected significantly. Uremia was characterized by progressive metabolic alkalosis with, as a compensation, hypercapnia, and arterial hypoxemia. There was no evidence of systemic shunting of blood except in 1 animal.
Chemotherapeutic Effect of 2-Deoxy-D-Glucose Against Respiratory Syncytial Viral Infection in Calves
Authors: Mohanty S. B. , Rockemann D. D. , Davidson J. P. , Tripathy R. N. , Ingling A. L. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Daily injection of 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2-dG) protected calves against mild clinical signs of a respiratory tract infection caused by bovine respiratory syncytial virus. The drug had no effect, however, on the gross and histopathologic changes produced by the virus in the lungs. The drug was also ineffective when given after the clinical respiratory tract signs developed.
Relationship of Sulfamethazine in Swine Diets and Resultant Tissue Concentrations, Using Tishler and Gas Liquid Chromatographic Methods
Authors: Lloyd W. E. , Jenny A. L. , Cox D. F. , Rottinghaus G. E. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Sulfamethazine (110 mg/kg of feed) was fed to 4 groups of pigs for 10 days. Each group was then fed withdrawal rations containing 0, 1.1, 11.0, or 110.0 mg/kg of feed for 10 days before slaughter. A 5th group was fed a sulfamethazine-free diet only. Fat, kidney, liver, and muscle from each pig were analyzed by several laboratories, using the Tishler Bratton-Marshall (bm) and gas liquid chromatographic (glc) methods. Mean background (bg) amounts of sulfamethazine, as measured in control tissues, were essentially negligible using glc; however, bm bg values (mean ± sd), expressed as milligrams of sulfamethazine per kilogram of edible animal tissue (ppm) were: fat 0.019 ± 0.003, kidney 0.048 ± 0.012, liver 0.053 ± 0.024, and muscle 0.018 ± 0.017. Regression of tissue sulfamethazine on feed sulfamethazine, as measured by glc and bm adjusted for bm-bg values, yielded essentially linear plots. Values obtained by glc and corrected bm were highly correlated, but the variability was higher, using glc. The linear model predicted that the dietary sulfamethazine required to produce 0.1 ppm in liver as measured by the bm, bm-bg, and glc were 1.6, 2.8, and 3.4 ppm, respectively. The concentrations necessary to produce 0.1 ppm in muscle were 5.3, 6.2, and 5.5 ppm. The thin-layer chromatographic method of screening swine plasma was a good predictor of tissue sulfamethazine values.
An Enteric Coronavirus Infection of Cats and Its Relationship to Feline Infectious Peritonitis
Authors: Pedersen Niels C. , Boyle John F. , Floyd Kim , Fudge Alan , Barker Janet 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
An enteric coronavirus that is antigenically closely related to feline infectious peritonitis virus (fipv) is ubiquitous in the cat population. This virus has been designated feline enteric coronavirus to differentiate it from fipv. The virus is shed in the feces by many seropositive cats; in catteries it is a cause of inapparent to mildly severe enteritis in kittens 6 to 12 weeks of age. The virus may produce a more severe enteritis in young specific-pathogen-free kittens. Feline enteric coronavirus selectively infects the apical columnar epithelium of the intestinal villi, from the caudal part of the duodenum to the cecum. In severe infections, there are sloughing of the tips of the villi and villous atrophy. Many cats recovering from the disease remain carriers of the virus. Recovered cats, observed for 3 to 24 months, remained healthy and did not develop peritonitis, pleuritis, or granulomatous disease.
The relationship of feline enteric coronavirus and fipv was studied. Although the viruses were antigenically similar, they were distinctly different in their pathogenicities. The enteric coronavirus did not cause feline infectious peritonitis in coronavirus antibody-negative cats inoculated orally or intraperitoneally nor in coronavirus antibody-positive cats inoculated intraperitoneally or intratracheally.
Serologic tests, using fipv, canine coronavirus, and transmissible gastroenteritis virus of swine as substrate antigens in fluorescent antibody procedures may not accurately identify fipv infection. These tests do not appear to distinguish between fipv and this feline enteric coronavirus.
Blood Concentrations of β Hydroxybutyrate in Clinically Normal Holstein-Friesian Herds and in Those with a High Prevalence of Clinical Ketosis
Authors: Herdt T. H. , Stevens J. B. , Olson W. G. , Larson V. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Statistical parameters necessary for the comparison of herd blood β hydroxybutyrate (hb) concentration means with hb concentrations in the general population were determined in 11 clinically normal herds of Holstein-Friesian cows. These parameters were then used to compare clinically normal cows from 2 Holstein-Friesian herds experiencing a high prevalence of clinical ketosis with the normal population. Blood hb concentration means were compared with plasma glucose concentration means for their relative value as predictors of clinical ketosis prevalence within a herd.
Blood hb concentration values were distributed approximately log normal and were directly related to amount of milk production. Herds with a high prevalence of clinical ketosis had blood hb log means higher (P < 0.01) and glucose means lower (P < 0.05) than did the normal population.
Herd blood hb log means should be determined on 7 or more animals within specified production groups. When these means exceed the normal population log mean by more than 1 sd, susceptible cows in the herd may be at increased risk for the development of clinical ketosis. Blood hb log means may be of greater value than are plasma glucose concentration means for the prediction of herd ketosis prevalence.
Comparison of Antibody Titers to Porcine Parvovirus in Serum and Ovarian Follicular Fluid
Authors: Thacker B. J. , Sauber T. E. , Leman A. D. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The relationship between hemagglutination-inhibiting antibody titers to porcine parvovirus in serum and those in ovarian follicular fluid was investigated. Blood samples and ovarian follicular fluid were collected from 17 sows and 12 gilts for comparison. Serum and follicular fluid titers were similar in all of 26 seropositive animals and, with one exception, within one 2-fold dilution of each other. Antibody was not detected in either serum or follicular fluid of the other 3 animals. These results indicated that either serum or follicular fluid can be used to determine serologic status for porcine parvovirus.
Use of Activated Charcoal for Hemoperfusion in Dutch Rabbits
Authors: Galloway E. J. , Liu C. T. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Techniques for a hemoperfusion system with activated charcoal have been developed for studying circulatory detoxification in Dutch rabbits. During a period of 8 hours of hemoperfusion, mean arterial blood pressure, heart rate, hematocrit, rbc fragility, plasma protein concentration, plasma osmolality, leukocyte and platelet counts, and rectal temperature did not show significant changes as compared with prehemoperfusion (base-line) values. All 5 tested rabbits survived after prolonged hemoperfusion, indicating that the present system is safe for use in rabbits.
Measurement of Red Blood Cell Volume, Plasma Volume, and Total Blood Volume in Baboons
Authors: Valeri C. Robert , Lindberg J. R. , Contreras T. J. , Pivacek L. E. , Austin R. M. , Valeri D. A. , Gray A. , Emerson C. P. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Red blood cell volume was measured directly in baboons by infusion of 51Cr-labeled autologous rbc, and was indirectly estimated from the plasma volume measured with 125I-labeled albumin and the total body hematocrit. The total body hematocrit was calculated from the peripheral venous hematocrit multiplied by a correction factor; for nonanemic baboons the correction factor was 0.87, and for anemic baboons, 0.75. Within 2 weeks after the phlebotomy (150 ml of blood), the baboon's rbc volume was restored to normal. Posttransfusion survival of baboon rbc can be measured accurately in nonanemic baboons; the preserved rbc can be labeled with 51Cr and the rbc volume of the baboon can be measured indirectly from the plasma volume measured with 125I-labeled albumin and the total body hematocrit.
Pharmacokinetics of Oxfendazole in Sheep
Authors: Marriner Susan E. , Bogan James A. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Pharmacokinetics of oxfendazole and its sulfone metabolite were determined in 6 sheep. Oxfendazole achieved mean peak plasma concentrations of 0.76 μg/ml at 30 hours after oral administration of oxfendazole (10 mg/kg of body weight), and concentrations were detectable for up to 7 days after administration. Mean peak abomasal concentrations of 3.55 μg/ml occurred 20 hours after administration and were detectable up to 9 days after administration. Concentrations of sulfone in plasma and abomasal fluid were generally lower than were those of oxfendazole.
Rapidly Growing Mycobacteria Associated with Bovine Mastitis
Authors: Koehne Guy , Maddux Roxanna , Britt Jenks 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
During a 14-month study of bovine mastitic milk, 69 of 2,035 milk samples contained acid-fast bacilli. These isolates were Nocardia asteroides, Mycobacterium fortuitum, M vaccae, M flavescens, and mycobacteria belonging to Runyon Group IV. These organisms were isolated from cows with clinical mastitis.
Pilot Trials on the Treatment of Dermatobia hominis Infections in Cattle with Closantel
Authors: Chaia Geraldo , Chiari Lourenco , Silva Dalva Candido da , Guerrero Jorge 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The therapeutic and prophylactic activities of closantel given to calves inoculated with larvae of Dermatobia hominis were studied. Calves (n = 9 principals, plus 3 nontreated controls) were given closantel at different dosages (8 to 12.5 mg/kg) and schedules of treatment. The largest dosage of closantel (12.5 mg/kg) had the most efficacious therapeutic activity (97.3%). Prophylactic activity was also seen in calves given the drug before they were experimentally inoculated.
Characterization of Bovine Cells, Supporting in Vitro Growth of Virulent and Attenuated Canine Distemper Virus
Authors: Metzler Alfred E. , Higgins Robert J. , Krakowka Steven , Koestner Adalbert 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
A proliferative cell (pc), appearing in long-term in vitro cultures of bovine peripheral blood macrophages, was shown to support growth of virulent and attenuated canine distemper virus. To evaluate the origin of these cells, several characteristics were examined. Eventual overgrowth of macrophages with pc occurred in 10 of 26 culture attempts. These cells were maintained in vitro for several months and survived 20 to 25 passages. Morphologic, functional, and growth characteristics indicated that, although the cells were of mesenchymal origin, they did not possess characteristics of macrophages. The pc had features that related them to fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells.
Indirect Hemolysis Test in the Serodiagnosis of Bovine Brucellosis
Authors: Nicoletti Paul , Carlsen William B. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
An indirect hemolysis (ihl) test was compared with 4 other serologic procedures in sensitivity and specificity, using bacteriologic findings from cattle in Brucella-infected herds. The test was more sensitive than the complement-fixation and tube agglutination tests, was similar to the Rivanol test, and was slightly inferior to the card test. It was more specific than the Rivanol, card, and tube agglutination tests, but had less specificity than the complement-fixation test. Results of all procedures were affected in varying degrees by the method of vaccination and time period of sample collections after vaccination.
Twenty vaccinated Brucella-free adult cattle were also studied, using the ihl and other tests. Only a few cattle that were previously vaccinated had reactions to the ihl test.
Comparative Toxicity of Feeding Dried Urban Sludge and an Equivalent Amount of Cadmium to Swine
Authors: Osuna Orlando , Edds George T. , Popp James A. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Three rations, an 18.71% protein swine starter diet (control), a basal diet containing 83 μg of Cd/g of diet, or a basal diet containing 50% Chicago sewage sludge (CSS) providing 83 μg Cd/g of diet, were given to weanling pigs for 9 weeks. Depressed growth occurred in both groups given Cd-treated diets in comparison with growth in pigs fed the control ration.
Microcytic, hypochromic anemia occurred in the group given the Cd-supplemented diet, but there were no significant differences in the hematologic values between pigs in the control and CSS-supplemented diets.
Toxicosis probably resulted from combining CSS as 50% of the diet due to a deficiency of available protein or other essential nutrients or from the accumulation of hazardous chemical residues including Cd, Cu, Cr, Hg, Ni, or Zn. An increased amount of Fe in the CSS-treated ration apparently protected the pigs against the microcytic, hypochromic anemia.
Induced Lymphocytic Thyroiditis in Dogs: Effect of Intrathyroidal Injection of Thyroid Autoantibodies
Authors: Gosselin Sylvie J. , Capen Charles C. , Martin Sharron L. , Krakowka Steven 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Multifocal infiltrations of lymphocytes and macrophages were present in the thyroid glands of dogs 1 month after an intrathyroidal injection (0.5 ml) of canine serum containing thyroglobulin autoantibodies. The development of thyroiditis was associated with a gradual increase in the incorporation of tritiated thymidine by the peripheral blood mononuclear cells. There was no alteration in circulating thyroid hormone values or thyroglobulin autoantibody titer for 1 month. Control dogs given a similar volume of canine serum without thyroglobulin antibodies did not have an inflammatory reaction in the thyroid gland, and the phytomitogen responses of lymphocytes did not change, compared with base-line values. An intrathyroidal injection of canine thyroglobulin autoantibodies induced lesions similar to naturally occurring lymphocytic thyroiditis in dogs, indicating that thyroid autoantibodies have an important role in the pathogenesis of immune-mediated thyroiditis.
Evaluation of the Structural and Functional Changes in the Lymphoid Organs of Boran Cattle Infected with Trypanosoma vivax
Authors: Masake R. A. , Morrison W. I 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Experimental infection of Boran cattle with Trypanosoma vivax resulted in fluctuating parasitemia detectable in peripheral blood which, as the infection progressed, diminished to undetectable levels. In animals necropsied during the initial stages of the infection, trypanosomes were detected in lymph and in the sinuses of the lymph nodes.
The lymph nodes and spleen exhibited marked proliferative response which was maximal in animals killed on days 10 and 17 of infection. The response was characterized by an increase in the size and activity of the germinal centers accompanied by increased numbers of large proliferating lymphocytes in the medullary cords and peripheral part of the paracortex of the lymph nodes and in the periarteriolar regions and peripheral follicular areas of the spleen. This was associated with the production of large numbers of plasma cells which were present in the red pulp of the spleen, in the medullary cords of the lymph nodes, and focally in the peripheral paracortical areas of the lymph nodes. By immunofluorescence, many of these plasma cells were found to contain immunoglobulin (Ig) M. There was also increased number of follicles which exhibited granular deposits of IgM and reduction in the areas containing small lymphocytes bearing IgM, During the remainder of the infection and paralleling the decrease in parasitemia, there was gradual reduction in the reactivity of the lymphoid organs.
Accompanying the initial proliferative response was a marked increase in plasma concentration of IgM; this decreased to base line during the 3rd week of the infection. The response to phytohemagglutinin, pokeweed mitogen, and lipopolysaccharide of leukocytes obtained from peripheral blood lymph nodes and spleen at intervals during the infection was not significantly different from controls.
Certain Aspects of the Biology and Life Cycle of Heterobilharzia americana in East Central Texas
Authors: Goff W. L. , Ronald N. C. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The life cycle of Heterobilharzia americana was determined for subsequent studies of the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and immune response in infected dogs. The snail Lymnaea cubensis was susceptible to infection, but Pseudosuccinea columella collected from east central Texas was not. Cercariae emerged from the snails at night. White mice and dogs were exposed to the cercariae and patent infections were produced in both mammalian hosts.