bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stepwise on-surface synthesis of nitrogen-doped porous carbon nanoribbons
Authors: Xu Jin , Xing Shuaipeng , Hu Jun , Shi Ziliang 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPrecise synthesis of carbon-based nanostructures with well-defined structural and chemical properties is of significance towards organic nanomaterials, but remains challenging. Herein, we report on a synthesis of nitrogen-doped porous carbon nanoribbons through a stepwise on-surface polymerization. Scanning tunneling microscopy revealed that the selectivity in molecular conformation, intermolecular debrominative aryl-aryl coupling and inter-chain dehydrogenative cross-coupling determined the well-defined topology and chemistry of the final products. Density functional theory calculations predict that the ribbons are semiconductors, and the band gap can be tuned by the width of the ribbons.
Oscillating photonic Bell state from a semiconductor quantum dot for quantum key distribution
Authors: Pennacchietti Matteo , Cunard Brady , Nahar Shlok , Zeeshan Mohd , Gangopadhyay Sayan , Poole Philip J. , Dalacu Dan , Fognini Andreas , Jöns Klaus D. , Zwiller Val , Jennewein Thomas , Lütkenhaus Norbert , Reimer Michael E. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAn on-demand source of bright entangled photon pairs is desirable for quantum key distribution (QKD) and quantum repeaters. The leading candidate to generate such pairs is based on spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC) in non-linear crystals. However, its pair extraction efficiency is limited to 0.1% when operating at near-unity fidelity due to multiphoton emission at high brightness. Quantum dots in photonic nanostructures can in principle overcome this limit, but the devices with high entanglement fidelity (99%) have low pair extraction efficiency (0.01%). Here, we show a measured peak entanglement fidelity of 97.5% ± 0.8% and pair extraction efficiency of 0.65% from an InAsP quantum dot in an InP photonic nanowire waveguide. We show that the generated oscillating two-photon Bell state can establish a secure key for peer-to-peer QKD. Using our time-resolved QKD scheme alleviates the need to remove the quantum dot energy splitting of the intermediate exciton states in the biexciton-exciton cascade.
Observational features of charge distribution in Earth’s inner magnetosphere
Authors: Gao Lai , Shen Chao , Zhou Yufei , Ji Yong , Pu Zuyin , Parks George , Russell Christopher T. , Zeng Gang , Ma Lan , Torbert Roy B. , Yang Yanyan , Burch James L. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractUnderstanding the motion of charged particles in the electromagnetic field in the inner magnetosphere is essential for space science and space weather. Charge accumulation can occur due to the dipole magnetic and convective electric fields in this region. However, until the recent Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) mission, there were few means to detect charge distribution in situ. We report unambiguous in situ observation of the spatial distribution of the excess charge density in the inner magnetosphere by the MMS mission. We find that a positive (negative) charge accumulates in the dusk (dawn) side inner magnetospheres, which is contrary to the long assumed overall quasi-neutrality of space plasma. These observations and results offer insight into magnetosphere–ionosphere coupling.
Antarctic-wide ice-shelf firn emulation reveals robust future firn air depletion signal for the Antarctic Peninsula
Authors: Dunmire Devon , Wever Nander , Banwell Alison F. , Lenaerts Jan T. M. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAntarctic firn is critical for ice-shelf stability because it stores meltwater that would otherwise pond on the surface. Ponded meltwater increases the risk of hydrofracture and subsequent potential ice-shelf collapse. Here, we use output from a firn model to build a computationally simpler emulator that uses a random forest to predict ice-shelf effective firn air content, which considers impermeable ice layers that make deeper parts of the firn inaccessible to meltwater, based on climate conditions. We find that summer air temperature and precipitation are the most important climatic features for predicting firn air content. Based on the climatology from an ensemble of Earth System Models, we find that the Larsen C Ice Shelf is most at risk of firn air depletion during the 21st century, while the larger Ross and Ronne-Filchner ice shelves are unlikely to experience substantial firn air content change. This work demonstrates the utility of emulation for computationally efficient estimations of complicated ice sheet processes.
Machine learning reveals regime shifts in future ocean carbon dioxide fluxes inter-annual variability
Authors: Couespel Damien , Tjiputra Jerry , Johannsen Klaus , Vaittinada Ayar Pradeebane , Jensen Bjørnar 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe inter-annual variability of global ocean air-sea CO2fluxes are non-negligible, modulates the global warming signal, and yet it is poorly represented in Earth System Models (ESMs). ESMs are highly sophisticated and computationally demanding, making it challenging to perform dedicated experiments to investigate the key drivers of the CO2flux variability across spatial and temporal scales. Machine learning methods can objectively and systematically explore large datasets, ensuring physically meaningful results. Here, we show that a kernel ridge regression can reconstruct the present and future CO2flux variability in five ESMs. Surface concentration of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and alkalinity emerge as the critical drivers, but the former is projected to play a lesser role in the future due to decreasing vertical gradient. Our results demonstrate a new approach to efficiently interpret the massive datasets produced by ESMs, and offer guidance into future model development to better constrain the CO2flux.
Adaptive distributed MPC based load frequency control with dynamic virtual inertia of offshore wind farms
Authors: Qi Xiao , Lei Lingyao , Yu Changhui , Ma Zekai , Qu Taotao , Du Ming , Gu Miaosong 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe penetration of offshore wind farms (OWFs) in city‐close power systems is rapidly increasing. System inertia will be further reduced. Active frequency support of wind power is essential to solve the load frequency control (LFC) problem. Here, the dynamic virtual inertia control (VIC) method is employed to enhance frequency stability within the permitted operating states of OWFs. An adaptive distributed model predictive control (DMPC) method is proposed and applied to an interconnected power system. The dynamic VIC‐based LFC model is derived and used to construct the predictive model of DMPC. To expand the adaptation of the analytical linearized model of OWFs in different operating points, the adaptive law is further designed to dynamically adjust the parameters of DMPC. The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control method. The frequency fluctuations can be well‐restrained under different disturbances.
Fluid–structure interaction simulation and optical fibre stress analysis of submarine cables in vortex‐induced vibration
Authors: Tan Haotian , Hao Yanpeng , Zhang Yining , Zhang Peng , Li Qishun , Yang Lin , Li Licheng 
Published: February 2024

AbstractUnder the current scouring, submarine cables are prone to be exposed, suspended, and even vortex‐induced vibration (VIV), threatening their mechanical and electrical properties. In this contribution, a finite element simulation model of 110‐kV single‐core optical fibre composite submarine cable is established. The natural frequency and resonant frequency of the model are obtained through wet mode analysis and harmonic response analysis. Then the VIV is simulated by the fluid–structure coupling method. Moreover, the stress extraction method of the torsional optical fibre position under the VIV is proposed. The results show that when the reduced speed is 2.57, the submarine cable appears beating vibration, which is composed of two vibrations with similar frequencies. When the reduced speed is 7.08, the vibration frequency is about 7.813 Hz, causing a rapid increase in vibration amplitude. The stress distribution of the torsional optical fibre presents a mirror image relationship at two moments separated by half a vibration cycle. Also, the frequency of stress change is the same as the frequency of VIV, which can judge whether the VIV occurs. The VIV range and position can be determined by the location where the stress changes the most.
Investigating delay of the media access control protocols for IoT‐RoF using quantum entanglement
Authors: Ahmad Shakir Salman , Al‐Raweshidy Hamed , Nilavalan Rajagopal 
Published: February 2024

AbstractOne of the significant challenges of the Radio over fibre (RoF) Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol is the propagation delay. This delay can lead to serious issues, such as higher propagation delay resulting in collisions and unnecessary retransmissions. Quantum entanglement is an excellent candidate to overcome the propagation delay of the RoF MAC protocol. A new quantum MAC protocol is proposed, named the Quantum Entanglement‐based MAC protocol (QE‐MAC), in which Quantum Teleportation is utilised to address the propagation delay. Four entanglement states are employed to represent the control packets of the classical MAC protocol, and data is transmitted over the classical channel. Instead of using control packets such as acknowledgement, request to send, and Clear to send, state transitions are employed. This approach avoids the delay and collision issues associated with control packets, resulting in a significant improvement in network performance. The delay, duty cycle (DC), and power consumption of the proposed QE‐MAC protocol are formulated and derived. The protocol is evaluated in terms of delay, DC, and power consumption, demonstrating superior performance compared to the classical RoF MAC protocol. In comparison to published works, our proposed approach has successfully reduced both delay and power consumption by 35%.
Super‐evolutionary mechanism and Nelder‐Mead simplex enhanced salp swarm algorithm for photovoltaic model parameter estimation
Authors: Wu Huangying , Chen Yi , Cai Zhennao , Heidari Ali Asghar , Chen Huiling , Zhang Yudong 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn the pursuit of enhancing the efficiency of solar cells, accurate estimation of unspecified parameters in the solar photovoltaic (PV) cell model is imperative. An advanced salp swarm algorithm called the Super‐Evolutionary Nelder‐Mead Salp Swarm Algorithm (SENMSSA) is proposed to achieve this objective. The proposed SENMSSA addresses the limitations of SSA by incorporating a super‐evolutionary mechanism based on a Gaussian‐Cauchy mutation and a vertical and horizontal crossover mechanism. This mechanism enhances both the global optimization capabilities and the local search performance and convergence speed of the algorithm. It enables a secondary refinement of the global optimum, unlocking untapped potential in the solution space near the global optimum and elevating the algorithm's precision and exploitation capabilities to higher levels. The Nelder‐Mead simplex method is further introduced to enhance local search capabilities and convergence accuracy. The Nelder‐Mead simplex method is a versatile optimization algorithm that improves local search by iteratively adjusting a geometric shape (simplex) of points. It operates without needing derivatives, making it suitable for non‐smooth or complex objective functions. To assess the efficacy of SENMSSA, a comparative analysis is conducted against other available algorithms, namely SSA, IWOA, SCADE, LWOA, CBA, and RCBA, using the CEC2014 benchmark function set. Subsequently, the algorithm was employed to determine the unknown PV parameters under fixed conditions for three different diode models. Additionally, SENMSSA is utilized to estimate PV parameters for three commercially available PV models (ST40, SM55, KC200GT) under varying conditions. The experimental results indicate that the SENMSSA proposed in this study displays a remarkably competitive performance in all test cases compared to other algorithms. As such, we consider that the SENMSSA algorithm constitutes a reliable and efficient solution for the challenge of PV parameter estimation.
The Gaia-ESO Survey: Calibrating the lithium–age relation with open clusters and associations
Authors: Gutiérrez Albarrán M. L. , Montes D. , Tabernero H. M. , González Hernández J. I. , Marfil E. , Frasca A. , Lanzafame A. C. , Klutsch A. , Franciosini E. , Randich S. , Smiljanic R. , Korn A. J. , Gilmore G. , Alfaro E. J. , Bensby T. , Biazzo K. , Casey A. , Carraro G. , Damiani F. , Feltzing S. , François P. , Jiménez Esteban F. , Magrini L. , Morbidelli L. , Prisinzano L. , Prusti T. , Worley C. C. , Zaggia S. ,   GES builders
Published: February 2024

Context. The Li abundance observed in pre-main sequence and main sequence late-type stars is strongly age-dependent, but also shows a complex pattern depending on several parameters, such as rotation, chromospheric activity, and metallicity. The best way to calibrate these effects, and with the aim of studying Li as an age indicator for FGK stars, is to calibrate coeval groups of stars, such as open clusters (OCs) and associations.
Aims. We present a considerable target sample of 42 OCs and associations – with an age range from 1 Myr to 5 Gyr – observed within the Gaia-ESO survey (GES), and using the latest data provided by GES iDR6 and the most recent release of Gaia that was then available, EDR3. As part of this study, we update and improve the membership analysis for all 20 OCs presented in our previous article.
Methods. We perform detailed membership analyses for all target clusters to identify likely candidates, using all available parameters provided by GES, complemented with detailed bibliographical searches, and based on numerous criteria: from radial velocity distributions, to the astrometry (proper motions and parallaxes) and photometry provided by Gaia, to gravity indicators (log g and the γ index), [Fe/H] metallicity, and Li content in diagrams of (Li equivalent widths) EW(Li) versus Teff.
Results. We obtain updated lists of cluster members for the whole target sample, as well as a selection of Li-rich giant contaminants obtained as an additional result of the membership process. Each selection of cluster candidates was thoroughly contrasted with numerous existing membership studies using data from Gaia to ensure the most robust results.
Conclusions. These final cluster selections will be used in the third and last paper of this series, which reports the results of a comparative study characterising the observable Li dispersion in each cluster and analysing its dependence on several parameters, allowing us to calibrate a Li–age relation and obtain a series of empirical Li envelopes for key ages in our sample.
Neurosonology Survey in Europe and Beyond
Authors: Baracchini Claudio , Azevedo Elsa , Walter Uwe , Sargento-Freitas João , Malojcic Branko ,   for the Council of Nations of the European Society of Neurosonology
                        and Cerebral Hemodynamics (ESNCH)
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Purpose To provide an overview on education, training, practice
requirements, and fields of application of neurosonology in Europe and
beyond.
Materials and Methods National representatives and experts in
neurosonology were surveyed regarding neurosonology requirements and practice in
their countries. Descriptive statistics were used to report the data.
Results Between February 1 and March 31, 2023, 42/46 (91.3%) national
representatives responded to our questionnaire and the completion rate was 100%.
Most countries (71.4%) offer a neurosonology training program during neurology
residency, but it is part of the undergraduate medical program only in 30.9%.
National certification is available in 47.6% of the countries surveyed and most
countries (76.2%) require certification to practice. In 50% of the countries,
candidates are assessed by a board examination, while in 26.2% they just need to
document their practice. There is no formal accreditation of neurosonology
centers in 78.6% of the countries surveyed. Only a few require certified
personnel and appropriate equipment. Adequate teaching and research activities
are only rarely necessary elements for laboratory accreditation.
Conclusion Our results indicate that there is a substantial need for
transnational harmonization of neurosonological standards to guarantee
uniformity and quality of performance. This survey will also provide guidance to
promote an international accrediting council and create a quality-controlled
laboratory network for implementing neurosonology in clinical trials.
Implications of Heat Stress-induced Metabolic Alterations for
Endurance Training
Authors: Bennett Samuel , Tiollier Eve , Owens Daniel J. , Brocherie Franck , Louis Julien B. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractInducing a heat-acclimated phenotype via repeated heat stress improves exercise
capacity and reduces athletes̓ risk of hyperthermia and heat illness. Given the
increased number of international sporting events hosted in countries with
warmer climates, heat acclimation strategies are increasingly popular among
endurance athletes to optimize performance in hot environments. At the tissue
level, completing endurance exercise under heat stress may augment endurance
training adaptation, including mitochondrial and cardiovascular remodeling due
to increased perturbations to cellular homeostasis as a consequence of metabolic
and cardiovascular load, and this may improve endurance training adaptation and
subsequent performance. This review provides an up-to-date overview of the
metabolic impact of heat stress during endurance exercise, including proposed
underlying mechanisms of altered substrate utilization. Against this metabolic
backdrop, the current literature highlighting the role of heat stress in
augmenting training adaptation and subsequent endurance performance will be
presented with practical implications and opportunities for future research.
Clinical and Radiographic Outcomes of Anterior Lumbar Interbody Fusions Using a Titanium Cage with a Biomimetic Surface
Authors: Jowdy Patrick K. , Soliman Mohamed A.R. , Quiceno Esteban , Azmy Shady , Popoola Daniel O. , Aguirre Alexander O. , Khan Asham , Slosar Paul J. , Pollina John , Mullin Jeffrey P. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background We analyzed clinical and radiographic outcomes in patients undergoing anterior lumbar interbody fusions (ALIFs) using a new biomimetic titanium fusion cage (Titan nanoLOCK interbody, Medtronic, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States). This specialized cage employs precise nanotechnology to stimulate inherent biochemical and cellular osteogenic reactions to the implant, aiming to amplify the rate of fusion. To our knowledge, this is the only study to assess early clinical and radiographic results in ALIFs.
Methods We conducted a retrospective review of data for patients who underwent single or multilevel ALIF using this implant between October 2016 and April 2021. Indications for treatment were spondylolisthesis, postlaminectomy syndrome, or spinal deformity. Clinical and radiographic outcome data for these patients were collected and assessed.
Results A total of 84 patients were included. The mean clinical follow-up was 36.6 ± 14 months. At 6 months, solid fusion was seen in 97.6% of patients. At 12 months, solid fusion was seen in 98.8% of patients. Significant improvements were seen in patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs; visual analog scale and Oswestry Disability Index) at 6 and 12 months compared with the preoperative scores (p < 0.001). One patient required reoperation for broken pedicle screws 2 days after the ALIF. None of the patients required readmission within 90 days of surgery. No patients experienced an infection.
Conclusions ALIF using a new titanium interbody fusion implant with a biomimetic surface technology demonstrated high fusion rates (97.6%) as early as 6 months. There was significant improvement in PROMs at 6 and 12 months.
Anesthetic Management of Transoral Odontoidectomy in a Child with Multiple Drugs Intolerance Syndrome
Authors: Ajayan Neeraja , Hrishi Ajay P. , Divakar Ganesh 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPatients with an adverse reaction to more than three groups of drugs have multiple drug intolerance syndrome (MDIS). Regional anesthesia can be an attractive alternative when patients presenting for surgery are diagnosed with MDIS for opioids and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Moreover, supplementary regional anesthetic techniques reduce exposure to multiple anesthetic medications, reducing the incidence of allergic reactions. We report the case of a pediatric patient diagnosed with MDIS presenting for transoral odontoidectomy and tracheostomy, wherein regional anesthesia techniques aided us in providing perioperative analgesia and maintaining hemodynamic stability.
Brain Abscess Drainage in a Case of Tetralogy of Fallot with Pulmonary Atresia with Major Aortopulmonary Collateral Arteries Under Scalp Block
Authors: Maddala Surya K. , Yadavilli Krishna P. , Das Prasanta K. , C. Vipin Chandran 
Published: February 2024

AbstractTetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is the most common cyanotic congenital heart disease. There are a few reports of uncorrected TOF patients surviving into adulthood requiring noncardiac surgery. They are commonly susceptible to developing brain abscesses due to paradoxical embolism and lack of pulmonary phagocytic clearance. A 32-year-old man, a known patient of TOF with pulmonary atresia and major aortopulmonary collateral arteries, presented with left side weakness and seizures. He was drowsy with a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) of 13/15, heart rate of 72/min, oxygen saturation of 78% with 6 L/min oxygen via face mask, and blood pressure of 90/60 mm Hg with noradrenaline at 0.5 mcg/kg/min. He had central cyanosis, clubbing, and icterus. The left upper and lower limb power was 2/5, whereas it was 5/5 for the right. Cardiovascular examination revealed a grade 3/6 continuous murmur at the base of the heart. No pulmonary abnormality was noted on auscultation. Echocardiography showed large subaortic ventricular septal defect (VSD) with overriding of the aorta, pulmonary atresia, right-sided aortic arch, and ejection fraction of 62%. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain revealed features suggestive of brain abscess. Brain abscess drainage was performed under scalp block with sedation to avoid major hemodynamic fluctuations. The procedure was uneventful, and the patient's power on the left side improved postprocedure. Scalp block with sedation is a suitable alternative to general anesthesia for drainage of brain abscess in TOF patients.
Orthotopic Heart Transplant Recipient Presenting with Sudden Onset Homonymous Hemianopia
Authors: Chawnchhim Abraham L. , Sharma Neha , Goel Chetna , Mahajan Charu 
Published: February 2024

AbstractInfectious complications are common among heart transplant recipients due to immune suppressive therapy mandatorily given to prevent organ rejection. We share our experience regarding an orthotopic heart transplant recipient who underwent craniotomy and evacuation of intracerebral abscess under general anesthesia in our operation theater. An orthotopic heart transplant recipient presented with headache, fever, and left-sided homonymous hemianopia. Noncontrast computed tomography (NCCT) of the head showed a right occipital space-occupying lesion suggestive of an abscess. Craniotomy and evacuation of abscess was successfully performed under general anesthesia. There are several concerns pertinent to orthotopic heart transplant recipients mainly due to denervated heart status and immune suppressive therapy, which poses perioperative challenge. We report successful anesthetic management of this case.