bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Case report of failed tubal occlusion using Essure™ pbc (permanent birth control) hysteroscopic sterilisation procedure
Authors: KARTHIGASU Krishnan A. , Garry Ray , Hart Roger 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThe device previously known as STOP, now called the Essure™ pbc device, is a dynamic expanding microinsert, placed in the proximal section of the fallopian tube, occluding the tube. Initial reports about the device are promising with occlusion of the tubes in 100% with no reported pregnancies and a high rate of safety and patient acceptability. This report documents the first reported failure of tubal occlusion of an appropriately placed Essure™ pbc device.
Visual cognitive function in dementia of Alzheimer’s type: a comparison of visual event‐related potentials and Stroop test
Authors: ITO Kentaro , TOMIYA Norichika , IIMORI Makio , YOSHIHAMA Jun , MATSUDA Hiroshi 
Published: July 2006

AbstractBackground:  Many published studies on dementia of Alzheimer’s type (DAT) have utilized event‐related potentials (ERP) and the Stroop test. However, most of this research has performed these analyses separately. Therefore, in the present research, these two examinations were carried out together following the same paradigm in order to clarify the characteristics of visual dysfunction in DAT patients.Methods:  Subjects included 30 normal adults, 10 normal elderly and 10 DAT patients. A visual categorically deviant paradigm was utilized during ERP measurement. The target stimulus was red and non‐target stimuli were blue, yellow and green. The stimuli were displayed as square figures. During the Stroop test, the subjects read color names from word cards, named colors from color cards, and the text color of a printed color word. Reading times and differences in reading times were measured for each task.Results:  Regarding ERP, the normal elderly and DAT groups displayed increased latencies and decreased amplitudes compared to the normal adult group. The normal elderly and DAT groups displayed no significant differences in N100 latencies and amplitudes. However, for P300, the DAT group displayed significantly decreased amplitudes in comparison to the normal elderly group. On the Stroop test, the normal elderly and DAT groups displayed significantly extended differences in reading times compared to the normal adult group. No significant differences were observed between the normal elderly and DAT groups.Conclusion:  Age‐related changes were observed in the latency of ERP and the increase of the Stroop effect. Characteristic changes in DAT were indicated by latencies and amplitudes of P300, but were not indicated by the Stroop test. Characteristic abnormalities in the stimulation evaluation process were observed for DAT; however, changes other than those related to aging were not apparent in the selection process reaction.
Psychotropic drug prescriptions in hospitalized elderly psychiatric patients: comparison with adult psychiatric patients
Authors: ZULLINO Daniele F. , REYNAUD Gilbert , DE MENDONÇA LIMA Carlos Augusto , BAUMANN Pierre 
Published: July 2006

AbstractBackground:  Drug prescriptions were studied in two samples of inpatients that differentiated by their ages (patients 18–64 years vs elderly patients >64 years), in order to compare the use of psychotropic and non‐psychiatric drugs, and the proportion of newer versus classical antidepressants or antipsychotics.Methods:  Drug prescriptions were recorded on a reference day in May 2000 in two hospitals that differed in the age categories of the patients who were admitted. The total costs per patient were compared, as well as the proportion of those due to a somatic medication.Results:  The prescriptions of 61 adult patients and of 82 psychogeriatric patients were assessed. The mean number of prescribed somatic drugs per patient was higher in elderly patients (P < 0.001), which was again reflected in a higher mean number of all drugs jointly (P < 0.001). Prescription of benzodiazepines was lower in elderly patients than in the adult patients (P < 0.001), even when used as an add‐on treatment with antidepressants (P < 0.001). The pharmacological treatment of adult patients was significantly less expensive (9.3 ± 7.2 Swiss Francs/patient) than that of the psychogeriatric patients (14.1 ± 9.5 Swiss Francs/patient; P = 0.009), who had a higher need for somatic comedications.Conclusions:  This survey confirms the large impact of local traditions on the prescription habits of clinicians, with the exception of the prescription of benzodiazepines, regarding which psychiatrists of psychogeriatric patients seem to be less enthusiastic.
Differential Glutamate Dehydrogenase (GDH) Activity Profile in Patients with Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
Authors: Malthankar‐Phatak Gauri H. , De Lanerolle Nihal , Eid Tore , Spencer Dennis D. , Behar Kevin L. , Spencer Susan S. , Kim Jung H. , Lai James C. K. 
Published: July 2006

Summary:  Purpose: Pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) are still poorly understood. One major hypothesis links alterations in energy metabolism to glutamate excitotoxicity associated with seizures in TLE. The purpose of this study was to determine whether changes in the activities of enzymes critical in energy and neurotransmitter metabolism contributed to the alterations in metabolic status leading to the excitotoxic effects of glutamate. Methods: Activities of four key enzymes involved in energy metabolism and glutamate cycling in the brain [aspartate aminotransferase (AAT), citrate synthase (CS), glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)] were measured in anterolateral temporal neocortical and hippocampal tissues obtained from three different groups of medically intractable epilepsy patients having either mesial, paradoxical, or mass lesion–associated temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE, PTLE, MaTLE), respectively. Results: We found that GDH activity was significantly decreased in the temporal cortex mainly in the MTLE group. A similar trend was recognized in the hippocampus of the MTLE. In all three patient groups, GDH activity was considerably lower, and AAT and LDH activities were higher in cortex of MTLE as compared with the corresponding activities in hippocampus (p < 0.05). In the MTLE cortex and hippocampus, GDH activities were negatively correlated with the duration since the first intractable seizure. Conclusions: Our results support the hypothesis suggesting major alteration in GDH activity mainly in the MTLE group. It is proposed that significant alterations in the enzyme activities may be contributing to decreased metabolism of glutamate, leading to its accumulation.
Remote Memory in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
Authors: Voltzenlogel Virginie , Després Olivier , Vignal Jean‐Pierre , Steinhoff Bernhard J. , Kehrli Pierre , Manning Lilianne 
Published: July 2006

Summary:  Purpose: The present study aims at characterizing remote memory in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE); it also considers the impact of its most important variables (lateralization of the lesion, duration of epilepsy, age at onset, and seizure frequency) on remote memory. Methods: We examined the performance of 38 patients with unilateral TLE (19 right TLE and 19 left TLE) and 35 healthy subjects on six remote memory tasks. Memory for personal events was assessed by using the Autobiographical Memory Interview and the Modified Crovitz Test. Memory for public events was evaluated by means of photographs of famous faces and famous scenes, questions about famous events, and the Dead/Alive Test. Results: Both right‐TLE and left‐TLE groups had impaired memory for autobiographic episodes and public events relative to normal subjects. In contrast, personal semantic memory was preserved. In addition, an effect of laterality was recorded, with right‐TLE patients obtaining significantly better scores than left‐TLE patients on every test. Duration of epilepsy, age at onset, and seizure frequency did not influence performance on remote memory measures. Conclusions: The comprehensive neuropsychological study of 38 TLE patients showed that this neurologic condition affects remote memory systems differently. We discuss the different factors that could account for this pattern of performance on the bases of both functional brain organization and memory theories.
Speech Preservation during Language‐dominant, Left Temporal Lobe Seizures: Report of a Rare, Potentially Misleading Finding
Authors: Kaiboriboon Kitti , Parent Jack M. , Barbaro Nicholas M. , Walker John A. , Garcia Paul A. 
Published: July 2006

Summary:  Purpose: To evaluate the prevalence and mechanism of ictal speech in patients with language‐dominant, left temporal lobe seizures. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the video‐EEG telemetry records for the presence of ictal speech in 96 patients with surgically proven left temporal lobe epilepsy and studied the seizure‐propagation patterns in three patients who required intracranial EEG recordings for seizure localization. Results: Ictal speech preservation was observed in five patients. One patient's seizures demonstrated rapid propagation of the ictal discharges to the contralateral temporal area where the seizure evolved, resembling a nondominant temporal lobe seizure. The other two patients had ictal discharges that remained confined to the inferomesial temporal areas, sparing language cortex. Conclusions: Preservation of speech in complex partial seizures of language‐dominant, left temporal lobe origin is rare. Based on intracranial EEG recordings, the likely mechanism underlying this potentially misleading clinical finding is the preservation of language areas due to limited seizure‐propagation patterns.
Subtemporal Hippocampectomy Preserving the Basal Temporal Language Area for Intractable Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy: Preliminary Results
Authors: Mikuni Nobuhiro , Miyamoto Susumu , Ikeda Akio , Satow Takeshi , Taki Junya , Takahashi Jun , Ohigashi Yoshitaka , Hashimoto Nobuo 
Published: July 2006

Summary:  Purpose: Decline in verbal memory as a surgical complication remains an unresolved problem in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. Some areas in the temporal lobe associated with the language function, often including the basal temporal language area, have been removed or transected by conventional surgical procedures. The authors defined the basal temporal language area and removed only the epileptogenic zone with a subtemporal approach. Methods: The basal temporal language area was evaluated by using long‐term subdural electrodes in five patients with language‐dominant–side mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. While preserving this area, the hippocampus and the parahippocampal gyrus were removed by using a combined subtemporal, transventricular, transchoroidal fissure approach. Verbal memory performance was assessed with the Wechsler Memory Scale–Revised (WMS‐R) before and after the operation. Results: The basal temporal language area, defined as a part of the inferior temporal gyrus, the fusiform gyrus, and the parahippocampal gyrus, was spared by entering the temporal horn via collateral sulcus. Verbal memory was significantly improved by 3 months and 1 year after the operation. Conclusions: In language‐dominant–side mesial temporal lobe epilepsy, preserving the basal temporal language area would have potential to improve verbal memory outcomes after removal of the epileptogenic zone.
Time‐ and dose‐dependent mitogenic effect of basic fibroblast growth factor combined with different bone graft materials: an in vitro study
Authors: Dereka Xanthippi E. , Markopoulou Cleopatra E. , Mamalis Anastasios , Pepelassi Eudoxie , Vrotsos Ioannis A. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractObjectives: In periodontal regeneration, the growth factor concentrations and the delivery system used are of great importance. In an attempt to assess the mitogenic effect of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) on periodontal ligament (PDL) cells combined with different bone replacement materials, two allografts of cortical (DFDBA) and cancellous (DFBA) bone and an anorganic bovine material with a synthetic peptide (ABM P‐15) were used. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the in vitro mitogenic effect of different doses of bFGF alone or in combination with DFDBA, DFBA and ABM P‐15 on human PDL cells in a time‐dependent mode.Material and methods: PDL cell cultures were derived from the mid‐root of four maxillary premolars. Cells were grown and reached confluence. On day 2 of quiescence, new medium was added along with (1) 1, 5, 10 and 25 ng/ml of bFGF alone, (2) 10 mg of DFDBA, DFBA and ABM P‐15 alone and (3) their combination. The mitogenic effect was determined at 24 and 48 h of culture by using a hemocytometer chamber. The cells were counted under a phase contrast microscope.Results: The results revealed that bFGF at the highest concentrations and after 48 h exerted a significant mitogenic effect on PDL cells, and also DFDBA and DFBA supported cell proliferation. Furthermore, DFDBA and DFBA enriched with bFGF had a significant mitogenic effect after 48 h of culture. ABM P‐15 with 10 and 25 ng/ml of bFGF up‐regulated PDL cell proliferation after 48 h of incubation.Conclusions: The findings of this study demonstrate the beneficial role of bFGF combined with DFDBA and DFBA as carriers in periodontal repair.
Oral health inequalities among indigenous and nonindigenous children in the Northern Territory of Australia
Authors: Jamieson Lisa M. , Armfield Jason M. , Roberts‐Thomson Kaye F. 
Published: July 2006

Abstract – Objective: To describe oral health inequalities among indigenous and nonindigenous children in the Northern Territory of Australia using an area‐based measure of socioeconomic status (SES).Methods: Data were obtained from indigenous and nonindigenous 4–13‐year‐old children enrolled in the Northern Territory School Dental Service in 2002–2003. The Socio‐Economic Indices For Areas (SEIFA) were used to determine socioeconomic relationships with dental disease experience.Results: Some 12,584 children were examined, 35.1% of whom were indigenous. Across all age‐groups, socially disadvantaged indigenous children experienced higher mean dmft and DMFT levels than their similarly aged, similarly disadvantaged nonindigenous counterparts. Indigenous children aged 5 years had almost four times the dmft of their nonindigenous counterparts in the same disadvantage category (P < 0.05), while indigenous children aged 10 years had almost five times the DMFT of similarly disadvantaged nonindigenous children (P < 0.05). A distinct social gradient was apparent among indigenous and nonindigenous children, respectively, whereby those with the highest dmft/DMFT levels were in the most disadvantaged SES category and those least disadvantaged had the lowest dmft/DMFT levels. In most age‐groups, indigenous children who were least disadvantaged had worse oral health than the most disadvantaged nonindigenous children.Conclusions: The findings suggest that indigenous status and SES have strong oral health outcome correlations but are not mutually dependent, that is, indigenous status influences oral health outcomes irrespective of social disadvantage. From a health policy perspective, greater oral health gains may be possible by concentrating public health and clinical effort among all indigenous children irrespective of SES status.
Preeclampsia Activates Circulating Immune Cells with Engagement of the NF‐κB Pathway
Authors: Luppi Patrizia , Tse Hubert , Lain Kristine Y. , Markovic Nina , Piganelli Jon D. , DeLoia Julie A. 
Published: July 2006

ProblemCompelling evidence implicates peripheral immune activation in the pathophysiology of preeclampsia. Polymorphonuclear neutrophils appear to be the cells most strongly affected, with changes in expression of surface markers and release of granule enzymes. Here, we investigated activation in additional leukocyte populations among women with preeclampsia.MethodWe used flow cytometry to evaluate changes in leukocyte markers in preeclampsia compared with uncomplicated pregnancy. To gain insights into intracellular pathways involved in leukocyte activation, we monitored the NF‐κB signal transduction pathway. Plasma levels of interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) were also studied as an additional indication of cellular activation.ResultsPreeclampsia is associated with changes in L‐selectin (CD62L) on neutrophils (P = 0.004), monocytes (P = 0.013), and T cells (P = 0.048) when compared with normal pregnancy. These changes include an increase in nuclear translocation of NF‐κB and increased levels of IL‐6 (P = 0.005).ConclusionsThese findings are consistent with the presence of a generalized phenomenon of immune activation in preeclampsia.
Association of interleukin‐1β polymorphism with recurrent aphthous stomatitis in Brazilian individuals
Authors: Guimarães ALS , De Sá AR , Victória JMN , Correia‐Silva JF , Pessoa PS , Diniz MG , Gomez RS 
Published: July 2006

Background:  Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is characterized by recurrent episodes of oral ulceration in an otherwise healthy individual. Some reports in the literature indicate that RAS may have immunological, psychological, genetic and microbiological bases. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the possible association between interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) +3954 (C/T) genetic polymorphism and RAS in a sample of Brazilian patients.Subjects and methods:  Sixty‐two consecutive subjects affected by minor and major forms of RAS and 62 healthy volunteers were genotyped at IL‐1β (+3954). The chi‐squared test was used for statistical analysis.Results:  A significant increase in the high production of IL‐1β genotype CT was observed in the group with RAS (P = 0.01). After stratifying RAS patients according to the mean number of lesions per episode, a significant difference was only observed between patients with ≥3 lesions in each episode and control.Conclusion:  There is an increased frequency of polymorphism associated with high IL‐1β production in RAS patients.
Fungicide resistance in cucurbit downy mildew – methodological, biological and population aspects
Authors: Urban J. , Lebeda A. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractCucurbit downy mildew, caused by Pseudoperonospora cubensis, is among the most devastating diseases of cucurbitaceous plants. In spite of improved cultural practices and breeding for resistant cultivars, chemical control is still a very important tool to manage the disease. During the last several decades, many fungicides from various chemical classes have been developed. The occurrence of strains of P. cubensis resistant/tolerant to some fungicides encouraged research of this phenomenon. The first part of this article summarises the many different methodological approaches such as field trials, in vitro testing on active plant tissues or molecular diagnoses developed for the detection of resistant/tolerant strains of P. cubensis, as well as methods to collect and maintain pathogen isolates. The second part outlines the commonly used fungicides to control P. cubensis and their features like systemicity, biological and biochemical mode of action and translocation behaviour within plants. The last part deals with geographical aspects such as first appearance of resistance problems, distribution of resistance, temporal development of resistance under selection pressure by a fungicide, fitness of resistant subpopulations in competition with sensitive ones in the absence of a fungicide, as well as genetic and molecular sources of resistance.
Lysine and threonine biosynthesis in sorghum seeds: characterisation of aspartate kinase and homoserine dehydrogenase isoenzymes
Authors: Ferreira R.R. , Meinhardt L.W. , Azevedo R.A. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractAspartate kinase (AK, EC 2.7.2.4) and homoserine dehydrogenase (HSDH, EC 1.1.1.3) have been partially purified and characterised from immature sorghum seeds. Two peaks of AK activity were eluted by anion‐exchange chromatography [diethylaminoethyl (DEAE)‐Sephacel] with 183 and 262 mM KCl, and both activities were inhibited by lysine. Similarly, two peaks of HSDH activity were eluted with 145 and 183 mM KCl; the enzyme activity in the first peak in elution order was shown to be resistant to threonine inhibition, whereas the second was sensitive to threonine inhibition. However, following gel filtration chromatography (Sephacryl S‐200), one peak of AK activity co‐eluted with HSDH and both activities were sensitive to threonine inhibition, suggesting the presence of a bifunctional threonine‐sensitive AK–HSDH isoenzyme with a molecular mass estimated as 167 kDa. The activities of AK and HSDH were studied in the presence of lysine, threonine, methionine, valine, calcium, ethylene glycol bis(2‐aminoethylether)‐N,N,N′N′‐tetraacetic acid, calmodulin, S‐adenosylmethionine (SAM), S‐2‐aminoethyl‐l‐cysteine (AEC) and increasing concentrations of KCl. AK was shown to be inhibited by threonine and lysine, confirming the existence of two isoenzymes, one sensitive to threonine and the other sensitive to lysine, the latter being predominant in sorghum seeds. Methionine, SAM plus lysine and AEC also inhibited AK activity; however, increasing KCl concentrations and calcium did not produce any significant effect on AK activity, indicating that calcium does not play a role in AK regulation in sorghum seeds. HSDH also exhibited some inhibition by threonine, but the majority of the activity was not inhibited, thus indicating the existence of a threonine‐sensitive isoenzyme and a second predominant threonine‐insensitive isoenzyme. Valine and SAM plus threonine also inhibited HSDH; however, increasing concentrations of KCl and calcium had no inhibitory effect.
Merging of a massive binary due to ejection of bound stars
Authors: Zier C. 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
From the results of numerical scattering experiments and simulations of a massive black hole (BH) binary in spherically symmetric and shallow cores, it has been deduced that the shrinking process most likely stalls due to loss-cone depletion before emission of gravitational radiation becomes important. Here we follow a different approach and focus on the population of stars which is bound to the binary and so far has not received much attention. With simple assumptions which should not be sensitive to initial conditions we derive a lower limit for the mass of stars which needs to be ejected by the binary in order to coalesce. We also compute this mass as a function of the steepness of the density profile according to which the stars are distributed. Our results are not as pessimistic as earlier conclusions and actually suggest that the BHs merge.
Gasoline Pollution of a Ground‐Water Reservoir — A Case Historya
Authors: Williams Dennis E. , Wilder Dale G. 
Published: July 2006

ABSTRACTA leak in a product gasoline pipeline near the City of Los Angeles has caused contamination of a valuable groundwater supply. Since 1968, it is estimated that 250,000 gallons of gasoline have seeped into the underground reservoir, limiting the value of a well field adjacent to the contaminated area.Remedial measures include extensive analytical studies of the two‐fluid flow system as well as an all out effort in the field to try and clean up the gasoline and restore the aquifer to service. The field methods involve an elaborate system of “skimming” wells designed to produce a high gasoline/water ratio and on‐site treatment facilities at many locations throughout the area. To date, 50,000 gallons of free gasoline have been removed from the aquifer in this manner.