bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection of Hepatitis E Virus-Specific Immunoglobulin A in Patients Infected with Hepatitis E Virus Genotype 1 or 3
Authors: Herremans M. , Duizer E. , Jusic E. , Koopmans M. P. G. 
Published: February 2007

ABSTRACT

Currently, diagnosis of acute hepatitis E virus (HEV) in patients is primarily based on anti-HEV immunoglobulin M (IgM) detection. However, several investigations suggest the use of HEV-specific IgA for diagnosing acute HEV infections. We evaluated two commercially available assays, an IgA enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (Diacheck) and an adapted immunoblot protocol (Mikrogen) for IgA detection and compared the performance in genotype 1- and 3-infected patients. The specificity of the IgA assays was high, with no positive reactions in a control group of 18 acute hepatitis patients who were negative for HEV. The sensitivity calculated in nine PCR-positive type 1-infected patients was 100% in both assays but was clearly lower in genotype 3-infected patients (
n
= 14), with sensitivities of only 67% and 57% for the ELISA and immunoblot assay, respectively. The lower IgA responses detected in genotype 3-infected patients could be caused by the use of only the genotype 1 and 2 antigens in the serological assays. Interestingly in two patients with possible infection through blood transfusion no response or intermediate IgA responses were detected, and this might confirm the parenteral route of transmission. In both the type 1- and type 3-infected patients both the IgA and IgM responses disappeared simultaneously. We conclude that IgA detection is of limited value for the serodiagnosis of acute HEV cases, particularly with genotype 3.
Hetero-Vancomycin-Intermediate Methicillin-Resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
Isolate from a Medical Center in Las Cruces, New Mexico
Authors: Delgado Alejandro , Riordan James T. , Lamichhane-Khadka Reena , Winnett David C. , Jimenez Jennifer , Robinson Kim , O'Brien Frances G. , Cantore Stephanie A. , Gustafson John E. 
Published: February 2007

ABSTRACT

A survey of 152 methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
(MRSA) strains from medical centers in Las Cruces, NM, and El Paso, TX, revealed the presence of
spa
types 2 and 24 (clone USA100) and
spa
type 1 (clone USA300-0114). Las Cruces MRSA displayed relatively high vancomycin MICs, and one hetero-vancomycin-intermediate
S. aureus
strain was identified.
The Dietary Charred Meat Carcinogen 2-Amino-1-Methyl-6-Phenylimidazo[4,5-b]Pyridine Acts as Both a Tumor Initiator and Promoter in the Rat Ventral Prostate
Authors: Nakai Yasutomo , Nelson William G. , De Marzo Angelo M. 
Published: February 2007

Abstract
Exposure of Fisher344 rats to 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP), a heterocyclic amine in cooked meat, causes cancer in the rat ventral prostate, while sparing the dorsolateral and anterior lobes. Uncovering the molecular mechanisms of the lobe specificity of PhIP-induced rat prostate cancer may provide clues to the pathogenesis of human prostate cancer, which is also lobe selective. We examined the prostate and other organs for mutation frequencies using transgenic Fisher344 rats (Big Blue rats) after PhIP treatment. After PhIP treatment for as early as 4 weeks, the colon, spleen, seminal vesicles, and all lobes of the prostate had significantly elevated mutation frequencies compared with the saline-treated control group, and the differences became even greater after 8 weeks. G:C → T:A transversions were the predominant type of mutation. After 8 weeks of treatment with PhIP, the Ki-67 index was increased (P &lt; 0.001) in the ventral prostate, but not in the dorsolateral or anterior prostate. An increase in the number of stromal mast cells and macrophages was seen in the ventral prostate, but not in the other prostatic lobes. The apoptotic index also increased in the ventral lobe only. The increased proliferation and cell death in response to PhIP indicates that in addition to PhIP acting as an “initiator” of cancer, PhIP is also acting like an organ- and lobe-specific tumor “promoter.” The prostate lobe-specific infiltration of mast cells and macrophages in response to PhIP suggests a potential new mechanism by which this dietary compound can increase cancer risk—by prompting inflammation. [Cancer Res 2007;67(3):1378–84]
Novel compounds with antiproliferative activity against imatinib-resistant cell lines
Authors: Lerma Enrica I. , Nguyen Viet-Anh , Wang Tao , Tipping Alex , Melo Junia V. , Kufe Donald , Austin David J. , Deisseroth Albert 
Published: February 2007

Abstract
Chronic myelogenous leukemia is caused by the Bcr-Abl hybrid gene that encodes the p210Bcr-Abl chimeric oncoprotein. Although it reduces the total body burden of leukemia cells, the use of imatinib mesylate as a single agent may be accompanied by the evolution of resistance due mainly to the acquisition of point mutations. Imatinib has been combined with drugs that inhibit both the active and the inactive states of the p210Bcr-Abl kinase. These combinations have reduced but not completely eliminated the rate at which point mutations are acquired in the p210Bcr-Abl kinase. Thus, it is important to identify additional new inhibitors of the p210Bcr-Abl kinase. One possible method to prevent evolution of resistance is to simultaneously use multiple kinase inhibitors each with a different mechanism of action. To identify such a new class of inhibitors that could suppress the growth of chronic myelogenous leukemia cells and prevent the evolution of cells that are resistant to imatinib, we screened two low-complexity libraries of compounds based on planar and linear scaffolds. These libraries were screened using a cell-based assay for molecules that suppress p210Bcr-Abl–dependent cell growth. The application of this method resulted in the isolation of two new classes of drugs, both of which inhibited imatinib-resistant cells in the low micromolar range. Some of these drugs were potent inhibitors not only of Abl tyrosine kinase but also of the Src, Lyn, and Fyn tyrosine kinases. [Mol Cancer Ther 2007;6(2):655–66]
Thrombin Activatable Fibrinolysis Inhibitor Activation Peptide Shows Association With All Major Subtypes of Ischemic Stroke and With TAFI Gene Variation
Authors: Ladenvall Claes , Gils Ann , Jood Katarina , Blomstrand Christian , Declerck Paul J. , Jern Christina 
Published: February 2007

Objective—Thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI) attenuates fibrinolysis. The aim of the present study was to investigate the possible association between TAFI and overall ischemic stroke and ischemic stroke subtypes.Methods and Results—The Sahlgrenska Academy Study on Ischemic Stroke (SAHLSIS) comprises 600 cases (18 to 69 years) and 600 matched population controls. Stroke subtype was defined by the Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment (TOAST) classification. TAFI was investigated at the protein level, by analyzing plasma levels of intact TAFI and released activation peptide [AP], and at the genetic level, by genotyping a selection of eleven single nucleotide polymorphisms. After adjustment for traditional risk factors, both TAFI measurements showed association with overall ischemic stroke (AP: odds ratio, 2.22; 95% confidence interval, 1.89 to 2.61; intact TAFI: odds ratio, 1.21; 95% confidence interval, 1.06 to 1.38; for 1-SD increase in AP and intact TAFI, respectively). AP showed associations with all 4 major subtypes of ischemic stroke and intact TAFI to large vessel disease and cryptogenic stroke. TAFI genotypes and haplotypes showed significant associations with both TAFI measurements. In contrast, no association was observed between genetic variants and overall ischemic stroke.Conclusion—TAFI levels show independent association with overall ischemic stroke. This association is stronger for released AP than for intact TAFI, and for released AP, it is present in all ischemic stroke subtypes.
Fully Nonlinear Statistics of Wave Crest Elevation Calculated Using a Spectral Response Surface Method: Applications to Unidirectional Sea States
Authors: Gibson R. S. , Swan C. , Tromans P. S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis paper concerns the calculation of the probability of exceedance of wave crest elevation. The statistics have been calculated for broadbanded, unidirectional, deep-water sea states by incorporating a fully nonlinear wave model into a spectral response surface method. This is a novel approach to the calculation of statistics and, as all of the calculations are performed in the probability domain, avoids the need for long time-domain simulations. Furthermore, in contrast to theoretical distributions, the broadbanded, fully nonlinear nature of the sea state can be considered. The results have been compared with those of fully nonlinear time-domain simulations and are shown to be in good agreement. The results indicate that in unidirectional seas the crest elevations of the largest waves can be much higher than would be predicted by linear or second-order theory. Hence, the occurrence of locally long crested sea states offers a possible explanation for the formation of freak or rogue waves.
Phenomenology of delirium
Authors: Meagher David J. , Moran Maria , Raju Bangaru , Gibbons Dympna , Donnelly Sinead , Saunders Jean , Trzepacz Paula T. 
Published: February 2007

BackgroundDelirium phenomenology is understudied.AimsTo investigate the relationship between cognitive and non-cognitive
delirium symptoms and test the primacy of inattention in delirium.MethodPeople with delirium (n=100) were assessed using the
Delirium Rating Scale-Revised-98(DRS-R98)and Cognitive Test for Delirium
(CTD).ResultsSleep-wake cycle abnormalities and inattention were most frequent, while
disorientation was the least frequent cognitive deficit. Patients with
psychosis had either perceptual disturbances or delusions but not both.
Neither delusions nor hallucinations were associated with cognitive
impairments. Inattention was associated with severity of other cognitive
disturbances but not with non-cognitive items. CTD comprehension
correlated most closely with non-cognitive features of delirium.ConclusionsDelirium phenomenology is consistent with broad dysfunction of higher
cortical centres, characterised in particular by inattention and
sleep-wake cycle disturbance. Attention and comprehension together are
the cognitive items that best account for the syndrome of delirium.
Psychosis in delirium differs from that in functional psychoses.
Reforming emergency care: Primary Care Trust power in action research
Authors: Crilly Tessa , Plant Marilyn 
Published: January 2007

Objectives: A Primary Care Trust (PCT) used its position as lead commissioner in a health economy to search for efficiency gains and to improve the patient journey through accident and emergency (A&E) services in a hard-pressed acute hospital. The project generated an action research approach. As a by-product, we developed a model of the hospital system based on a case study that can be replicated and used to set utilization targets at the micro-level of the hospital organization. This addresses a gap in the literature on hospital utilization that currently focuses on macro-population levels of analysis or simulation models that demand complex data. Primary and secondary care services, in contrast, require a pragmatic model of utilization supported by a few key, readily available data items. Methods: Mixed quantitative and qualitative methods were adopted in an approach of collaborative enquiry among stakeholders of the health economy. We used the flexible planning tenet of action research that evolved into the subjective meaning tenet by which, to achieve authoritative findings, it was necessary to broaden the line of enquiry to address participants' perceptions. Results: We have described the current patient flow and a redesigned pathway through A&E services together with targets and action required to reduce admissions, delayed discharges and diagnostic waits in the emergency hospital system. Primary care had a key role in changing the culture, communication and treatment within A&E services. Conclusion: (i) This study was rapid and sustained a high level of energy and purpose among stakeholders. Action research is an appropriate method to apply to transformational change in the modernization of health-care systems; (ii) Modelling of system dynamics is a critical dimension to the success of whole system change; (iii) Primary care commissioning power is an under-used, but influential, lever for change. At a point when the PCT commissioning structure is under threat, this project exemplifies primary care's ability to engineer change in acute hospital services.
Conjugate systems in the construction of heterocycles and quaternary stereocenters
Authors: González-Romero Carlos , Bernal Pablo , Jiménez Fabiola , Cruz María del Carmen , Fuentes-Benites Aydeé , Benavides Adriana , Bautista Rafael , Tamariz Joaquín 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe synthetic application of 4,5-bis-alkylidene-1,3-oxazolidin-2-ones led to the efficient and regioselective synthesis of 2-(3H)-benzoxazolones and diarylamines with a short methodology. They were also valuable synthons in a total synthesis of naturally occurring carbazoles. New enantiopure 4-oxazoline-2-one and 4-methylene-2-oxazolidinone were prepared via a one-pot microwave (MW)-promoted condensation of α-ketols and an enantiopure isocyanate. These enamides were efficient nucleophiles when added to Michael acceptors to give a series of compounds with quaternary stereocenters in fairly good stereoisomeric ratios. The novel approach for the synthesis of benzofurans and indoles by intramolecular cyclization of enaminones has been applied in the preparation of furobenzofurans starting from benzo-bis-enaminones.
Relationship between Self-Report and Performance Measures of Function: A Systematic Review
Authors: Coman Liliana , Richardson Julie 
Published: January 2007

ABSTRACTThe authors conducted a systematic review of studies examining correlations between assessments of function obtained using self-report and those obtained using performance-based measures for community-dwelling older adults.METHODSArticles for this review were identified using electronic searching in MEDLINE, CINHAL, and AGELINE and hand-searching techniques. Two reviewers selected the studies that met the inclusion criteria, extracted the data, and assessed the methodological quality of the data.RESULTSSeventeen studies met the inclusion criteria for review. Correlations between self-report and performance ranged from −0.72 to 0.60. Sixty per cent of the studies compared self-report instruments measuring disability with performance measures addressing functional limitations. In studies that assessed the same functional tasks and functional limitations using the two methods, the correlation varied between 0.60 and 0.86.CONCLUSIONWhen the construct measured by the two methods was the same, the correlations were moderate to large and, therefore, measurement of functional limitations by self-report or performance probably reflected a similar assessment of function.
Access to Bathtub Grab Bars: Evidence of a Policy Gap
Authors: Edwards Nancy , Birkett Nicholas , Nair Rama , Murphy Maureen , Roberge Ginette , Lockett Donna 
Published: January 2007

ABSTRACTThis paper examines access to bathtub grab bars in privately and publicly owned apartment buildings and explores the profile of seniors who have access to bathtub grab bars. Results indicate that bathtub grab bars were significantly more prevalent in apartments that were publicly owned (91.3%) as compared to privately owned (37.8%) (p< 0.05). Results of a logistic regression for participants residing in non-universal-access buildings indicated that seniors were more likely to have grab bars in their bathtubs if they were older, were in poor health, had had a fall in the previous year, or used a mobility aid. Among those who did not have bathtub grab bars, 33 per cent reported fear of falling while bathing, 20 per cent reported difficulty bathing, and 23 per cent were found to have impaired balance. Findings are discussed in light of policy implications for universal access to grab bars, with apartment buildings being a logical place to start.
Rural and Urban Canadians with Dementia: Use of Health Care Services
Authors: Forbes Dorothy A. , Morgan Debra , Janzen Bonnie L. 
Published: January 2007

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this research was to examine the characteristics of older Canadians with dementia (compared to those without dementia), their use of health care services, and the impact of place (rural/urban) on use of services. Andersen and Newman's Behavioural Model of Health Services Use (1973) guided the study. A cross-sectional design used data from the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) Cycle 1.1 (N=49,995 older Canadians; those with dementia =313). Results indicated that among Canadian females between the ages of 50 and 64, those with dementia were more likely than those without dementia to live in rural areas. Among females 80 years of age and over, those with dementia had higher levels of education and income than those without dementia. In addition, a higher proportion of white than of visible minority Canadians was afflicted with dementia. The results further suggest that Canadians with dementia primarily required support services and that they were more likely than persons without dementia to report that their health care needs were unmet. It is recommended that publicly funded national home care programs be expanded to ensure that the supportive services needed by this population are available.
Carole B. Cox. Community Care for an Aging Society: Issues, Policies, and Services. New York: Springer, 2005.
Authors: McColl Mary Ann 
Published: January 2007

RÉSUMÉCommunity Care for an Aging Society se révèle une ressource utile pour les étudiants, chercheurs, prestataires de service et décideurs. Le livre présente une solide discussion de questions complexes liées aux soins à donner aux personnes âgées. Il aborde plus précisément trois volets: logement, aidants naturels, ethnicité, et fournit une description détaillée de la programmation associée à chacun d′eux.
New Observations on Bone Quality in Mild Primary Hyperparathyroidism as Determined by Quantitative Backscattered Electron Imaging
Authors: Roschger Paul , Dempster David W , Zhou Hua , Paschalis Eleftherios P , Silverberg Shonni J , Shane Elisabeth , Bilezikian John P , Klaushofer Klaus 
Published: February 2007

Abstract
Bone mineralization density distribution, an important aspect of bone material quality, was determined in mild primary hyperparathyroidism using quantitative backscattered electron imaging. A strong correlation between bone turnover status and degree and heterogeneity of mineralization was found. Further studies are needed before we can draw conclusions about fracture risk in this disorder.
Introduction: Mild primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is best characterized by asymptomatic hypercalcemia, most commonly in the absence of classical signs and symptoms. Hence, there is need to characterize this disorder with particular attention to the skeleton.
Materials and Methods: We analyzed bone mineralization density distribution (BMDD) in iliac crest bone biopsies from patients with PHPT in 51 subjects (16 men, 28–68 years of age; 35 women, 26–74 years of age) by quantitative backscattered electron imaging (qBEI). The BMDD variables quantified are as follows: CaMEAN, the weighted mean calcium concentration; CaPEAK, the most frequent Ca concentration; CaWIDTH, the width of the distribution, a measure of the mineralization homogeneity; CaLOW, the percentage of bone area that is mineralized below the fifth percentile in the reference range. The results were compared with a reference range that we have previously established.
Results: The greatest differences were found in CaWIDTH (+15.7%, p &lt; 0.0001) and CaLOW (+44.7%, p &lt; 0001), both of which were significantly higher in PHPT than control. CaMEAN was significantly lower (−2.5%, p &lt; 0.0001) in PHPT compared with controls. These differences were reversed in seven patients who underwent parathyroidectomy. CaMEAN and CaPEAK variables were negatively, whereas CaWIDTH and CaLOW were positively, correlated with dynamic variables of bone formation: mineralizing surface and bone formation rate as determined by histomorphometry. (r = ±0.3–0.8; p = 0.05–0.0001). These results, which represent the first BMDD measurements in mild PHPT using qBEI, show a reduction in the average mineralization density and an increase in the heterogeneity of the degree of mineralization. These changes correlate significantly with the bone turnover rate.
Conclusions: The results are consistent with our previous observations of increased bone turnover in this disease, and consequently, reduced mean age of bone tissue. Reduced mineralization density in patients with PHPT would be expected to reduce the stiffness of bone tissue. These observations are relevant to considerations of fracture risk in PHPT.
Assessing Comprehension: A Classroom‐Based Process
Authors: Fiene Judy , McMahon Susan 
Published: February 2007

Standardized tests are increasingly used to determine students' growth in reading comprehension. In some U.S. school districts, the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 has led to a focus on multiple‐choice questions to better prepare students for these types of tests. Even though such questions can provide some important information, they do not enable the teacher to get at the heart of comprehension. To truly understand students' constructed meanings, teachers should use ongoing, classroom‐based assignments to distinguish variations in comprehension and adjust instruction.This article describes an authentic classroom‐based comprehension assessment process. The authors have been collaborating with one district in Wisconsin where reading specialists and teachers have developed a unified approach to classroom‐based assessment of comprehension, and they describe how this process influenced practice. Student examples are provided that demonstrate how one teacher used this assessment process in her fourth‐grade classroom to inform instruction and support her students' individual needs.
When Opportunity Knocks: Integrating Language Arts and the Daily Calendar
Authors: Biddle Melissa 
Published: February 2007

With daily classroom schedules jammed with many concepts and skills to cover, integrating subjects whenever possible offers some relief. Primary classrooms can use their daily calendar time to integrate language arts and math. This teaching approach includes the use of word walls, interactive writing, journaling, and other effective teaching strategies.The author describes some unique activities to foster integration of language arts and the calendar. Interdisciplinary teaching allows for more to be covered in shorter blocks of time and lets the teacher decide what needs to be reviewed and revisited. This time can be used to meet goals suggested by established curricula or by state standards. Teaching occurs in a whole group, small groups, with partners, or individually to promote cooperation as well as individualized assistance. Such integration has proven to be an exciting, stimulating alternative in classroom teaching.