bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of an Intestinal Rehabilitation Program in the Treatment of Advanced Intestinal Failure
Authors: Torres Clarivet , Sudan Debra , Vanderhoof Jon , Grant Wendy , Botha Jean , Raynor Stephen , Langnas Alan 
Published: July 2007

ABSTRACTObjective:To analyze outcomes in children with intestinal failure treated by our Intestinal Rehabilitation Program (IRP) in a 4‐year period.Patients and Methods:A total of 51 parenteral nutrition (PN)–dependent patients (20 male) were enrolled in the IRP. Median age was 1.7 years, with the primary diagnoses being gastroschisis, necrotizing enterocolitis, volvulus, and congenital atresia. Median small bowel intestinal length was 35 cm, with the majority of patients having only jejunum as remaining bowel anatomy. Thirty‐six of the 51 patients had liver disease characterized by cirrhosis, advance bridging fibrosis, and portal and periportal fibrosis. Height, weight z score, platelet count, albumin, and bilirubin levels were measured at the beginning and end of the study.Results:Of the 51 patients, 29 had 46 different surgical intestinal repairs. Twenty‐nine of the 36 patients with hyperbilirubinemia had normalized serum bilirubin with treatment. Ten patients required transplantation. Five patients died of sepsis, influenza, or complications after intestinal transplantation. Of the remaining 37 patients in the IRP, 31 were weaned from parenteral nutrition (5 with cirrhosis); 6 patients are in the process of weaning. Survival rate of the patients in the IRP was 90%. Growth has continued along the same curve, and some patients have exhibited significant catch‐up.Conclusions:With an aggressive medical/surgical approach, even patients with intestinal failure and advanced liver disease can avoid transplantation. Patients in the IRP showed improved liver function and nutritional parameters with the ability to discontinue PN while maintaining growth. Early referral of these patients to specialized centers before the development of advanced liver disease is recommended.
Gastric Rupture and Necrosis in Prader‐Willi Syndrome
Authors: Stevenson David A , Heinemann Janalee , Angulo Moris , Butler Merlin G , Loker Jim , Rupe Norma , Kendell Patrick , Cassidy Suzanne B , Scheimann Ann 
Published: July 2007

ABSTRACTHyperphagia and obesity are common features in individuals with Prader‐Willi syndrome (PWS). Demographic and cause‐of‐death data from individuals with PWS were obtained through a national support organization. Four reports of unexpected mortality due to gastric rupture and necrosis were found in 152 reported deaths, accounting for 3% of the causes of mortality. Four additional individuals were suspected to have gastric rupture. Vomiting and abdominal pain, although rare in PWS, were frequent findings in this cohort. The physician should consider an emergent evaluation for gastric rupture and necrosis in individuals with PWS who present with vomiting and abdominal pain.
Initial Experience With the Adjustable Gastric Band in Morbidly Obese US Adolescents and Recommendations for Further Investigation
Authors: Dillard Barney E , Gorodner Veronica , Galvani Carlos , Holterman Mark , Browne Allen , Gallo Alberto , Horgan Santiago , Le Holterman Ai‐Xuan 
Published: July 2007

ABSTRACTBackground:The public health crisis of obesity has spread to the pediatric population. In morbidly obese (MO) adolescents, early weight loss intervention can reduce and prevent obesity‐related comorbidities and mortality and improve quality of life. The present study was performed to evaluate weight loss efficacy and safety of “off‐label” laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB) procedures performed in MO adolescents by our adult bariatric program.Patients and Methods:We retrospectively reviewed data from 716 LAGB procedures performed on an off‐label basis in adults and 24 adolescent patients ages 14 to 20 years by the adult bariatric program at our institution between 2001 and 2006.Results:There was no mortality. Average operative time was 45 minutes, length of stay for adolescents was 15 hours, and weight loss outcome and overall surgical complication rates are comparable between adolescents and adults. For adolescent subjects, baseline mean preoperative body mass index was 49 kg/m2 and average excess weight loss rates were 22%, 34%, 52%, 42%, and 42% at 3, 6, 12, 24, and 36 months, respectively. The overall complication rate was 29%, with a 25% incidence of pouch enlargement in adolescents (vs 18% in adult patients; P = ns). Two of 24 adolescent patients (8.4%) required laparoscopic band repositioning (vs 1.5% of adult patients; P = 0.06).Conclusions:LAGB is an effective and safe surgical weight loss modality for MO adolescent subjects. Vigilant follow‐up for LAGB‐related complications and intensive postoperative behavioral management are important for improving long‐term success. We recommend continued investigation of long‐term efficacy and safety of LAGB in this population.
Effects of Refrigeration on the Bactericidal Activity of Human Milk: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Martínez‐Costa Cecilia , Silvestre María Dolores , López María Carmen , Plaza Auxiliadora , Miranda María , Guijarro Raquel 
Published: July 2007

ABSTRACTThis study analyzed the bactericidal activity of human milk and how it is influenced by refrigerated storage. Nine samples of mature human milk were collected and divided into 3 aliquots. One was analyzed immediately, and the other 2 were refrigerated at 4°C to 6°C for 48 and 72 hours, respectively. All of the fresh samples exhibited bactericidal activity with an average value of 83.47% ± 18.37%. Refrigeration for 48 hours did not cause significant modifications, whereas storage beyond 72 hours significantly lowered the degree of bacteriolysis versus fresh milk. In conclusion, human milk possesses bactericidal activity that remains stable during the first 48 hours of refrigerated storage, but it is significantly reduced beyond 72 hours.
Rotavirus Infections and Development of Type 1 Diabetes: An Evasive Conundrum
Authors: Ballotti Serena , de Martino Maurizio 
Published: July 2007

ABSTRACTType 1 diabetes (T1D) is an organ‐specific autoimmune disease caused by altered immune tolerance to specific proteins leading to a selective destruction of insulin‐producing β cells in genetically predisposed individuals. T1D is likely to be triggered by environmental factors, including virus infections in genetically predisposed individuals. Rotaviruses are the main cause of severe diarrhea among children worldwide, but they seem to have a role also in T1D induction. Epidemiological data may be consistent with a similar hypothesis. Mechanisms hypothesized include molecular mimicry, bystander activation (with or without epitope spreading), and viral persistence. In this review the authors analyze the factors accounting for rotavirus ability to prime islet autoimmunity and cause T1D. A thorough comprehension of their potential pathogenetic mechanisms may allow preventive strategies to be designed.
Analysis of Candidate Genes on Chromosomes 5q and 19p in Celiac Disease
Authors: Latiano Anna , Mora Barbara , Bonamico Margherita , Megiorni Francesca , Mazzilli Maria Cristina , Cucchiara Salvatore , Palmieri Orazio , Valvano Maria Rosa , Annese Vito 
Published: July 2007

ABSTRACTBackground and Aim:Celiac disease (CD) is a multifactorial disease with involvement of both environmental and genetic susceptibility factors. The HLA‐DQ loci account for <40% of CD heritability, but linkage studies have delineated other loci at the 5q31–33 (CELIAC2), and 19p13 regions (CELIAC4), similarly as in inflammatory bowel diseases. However, data in association studies are contradictory. To evaluate whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) tagging the MYO9B susceptibility haplotype and the IBD5 locus (5q31–33) are involved in CD predisposition, we performed case‐control and family‐based analyses. Additionally, any possible correlation with the HLA‐DQ status was investigated. Finally, our data were pooled with the results of other studies by a meta‐analysis.Patients and Methods:In all, 337 unrelated patients with CD, 424 parents (212 sets), and 452 healthy individuals were genotyped for the IGR2198a_1, rs12521868, rs1050152, and rs2631367 SNPs (IBD5 locus) and the rs962917, rs2305764, and rs1545620 SNPs of the MYO9B gene by the restriction enzyme method and the TaqMan system ABI PRISM 7700, respectively.Results:In comparison with healthy control individuals, the allele, genotype, and haplotype frequencies of all investigated SNPs were not different in the CD patients, nor was any correlation observed with the HLA‐DQ status or clinical presentation. The transmission disequilibrium test did not show a transmission distortion. Five other studies were available for meta‐analysis on MYO9B variants; by pooling of data, no significant association was demonstrated by the random effect model. A significant heterogeneity (P < 0.002) among the studies was present, mainly explained by a single study in the Dutch population.Conclusions:Our results and those of the meta‐analysis (>2000 CD patients and 4000 control individuals) question the role of MYO9B at the CELIAC4 locus as a disease‐causing gene. Moreover, none of the investigated SNPs explain the linkage at the CELIAC2 locus.
Subacute Nonsuppurative Cholangitis (Cholangitis Lenta) in Pediatric Liver Transplant Patients
Authors: Lin Chieh‐Chung , Sundaram Shikha S , Hart John , Whitington Peter F 
Published: July 2007

ABSTRACTBackground:Subacute nonsuppurative cholangitis (cholangitis lenta) is an uncommon yet important histological finding in liver biopsies from pediatric liver transplant recipients. The histopathological features include proliferation of bile ductules at the edges of portal tracts, inspissated bile within dilated bile ductules, absence of acute inflammation within ducts or ductules, and normal structure of interlobular bile ducts.Objective:To describe the histopathology and clinical outcomes of pediatric liver transplant recipients with subacute nonsuppurative cholangitis.Materials and Methods:This is a retrospective analysis involving review of medical records and analysis of liver‐biopsy specimens by a pathologist blinded to clinical diagnosis. We identified 9 pediatric patients meeting the criteria for nonsuppurative cholangitis. These patients were compared with a control group of patients with biliary obstruction.Results:Liver histopathology clearly distinguishes subacute nonsuppurative cholangitis from biliary obstruction and other causes of posttransplant cholestasis. Clinical biochemistry cannot reliably distinguish between the 2, although statistically significant differences existed in levels of serum total and direct bilirubin, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase. The rate of proven bacterial or fungal infection in the study group was 100% in contrast to a rate of 54.5% in the control group (P< .05). Graft and patient survival were similarly poor.Conclusions:Finding subacute nonsuppurative cholangitis suggests the presence of severe local or systemic infection in liver‐transplant recipients, and its recognition is important for clinical management.
A Bacterial Transgene for Catalase Protects Translation of D1 Protein during Exposure of Salt-Stressed Tobacco Leaves to Strong Light
Authors: Al-Taweel Khaled , Iwaki Toshio , Yabuta Yukinori , Shigeoka Shigeru , Murata Norio , Wadano Akira 
Published: July 2007

AbstractDuring photoinhibition of photosystem II (PSII) in cyanobacteria, salt stress inhibits the repair of photodamaged PSII and, in particular, the synthesis of the D1 protein (D1). We investigated the effects of salt stress on the repair of PSII and the synthesis of D1 in wild-type tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum ‘Xanthi’) and in transformed plants that harbored the katE gene for catalase from Escherichia coli. Salt stress due to NaCl enhanced the photoinhibition of PSII in leaf discs from both wild-type and katE-transformed plants, but the effect of salt stress was less significant in the transformed plants than in wild-type plants. In the presence of lincomycin, which inhibits protein synthesis in chloroplasts, the activity of PSII decreased rapidly and at similar rates in both types of leaf disc during photoinhibition, and the observation suggests that repair of PSII was protected by the transgene-coded enzyme. Incorporation of [35S]methionine into D1 during photoinhibition was inhibited by salt stress, and the transformation mitigated this inhibitory effect. Northern blotting revealed that the level of psbA transcripts was not significantly affected by salt stress or by the transformation. Our results suggest that salt stress enhanced photoinhibition by inhibiting repair of PSII and that the katE transgene increased the resistance of the chloroplast's translational machinery to salt stress by scavenging hydrogen peroxide.
A Sepal-Expressed ADP-Glucose Pyrophosphorylase Gene (NtAGP) Is Required for Petal Expansion Growth in ‘Xanthi’ Tobacco
Authors: Kwak Man Sup , Min Sung Ran , Lee Si-Myung , Kim Kyung-Nam , Liu Jang Ryol , Paek Kyung-Hee , Shin Jeong Sheop , Bae Jung Myung 
Published: July 2007

AbstractIn this study, a tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum ‘Xanthi’) ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase cDNA (NtAGP) was isolated from a flower bud cDNA library and the role of NtAGP in the growth of the floral organ was characterized. The expression of NtAGP was high in the sepal, moderate in the carpel and stamen, and low in the petal tissues. NtAGP-antisense plants produced flowers with abnormal petal limbs due to the early termination of the expansion growth of the petal limbs between the corolla lobes. Microscopic observation of the limb region revealed that cell expansion was limited in NtAGP-antisense plants but that cell numbers remained unchanged. mRNA levels of NtAGP, ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase activity, and starch content in the sepal tissues of NtAGP-antisense plants were reduced, resulting in significantly lower levels of sugars (sucrose, glucose, and fructose) in the petal limbs. The feeding of these sugars to flower buds of the NtAGP-antisense plants restored the expansion growth in the limb area between the corolla lobes. Expansion growth of the petal limb between the corolla lobes was severely arrested in ‘Xanthi’ flowers from which sepals were removed, indicating that sepal carbohydrates are essential for petal limb expansion growth. These results demonstrate that NtAGP plays a crucial role in the morphogenesis of petal limbs in ‘Xanthi’ through the synthesis of starch, which is the main carbohydrate source for expansion growth of petal limbs, in sepal tissues.
Data preservation, the new science and the practitioner librarian
Authors: Joint Nicholas 
Published: July 2007

PurposeThis paper aims to outline the information management principles of the so‐called “new science”, and to attempt to put these in the context of traditional library and information science principles.Design/methodology/approachA brief review of some work in the area, in particular focusing on the work show‐cased by the annual digital preservation conference series hosted by the Digital Curation Centre in Scotland (www.dcc.ac.uk/).FindingsThere is a danger that scientists (as opposed to LIS professionals) will apply the information management techniques of the new science to their own activities inappropriately, especially to research that is best curated as “old” not new science. This is something on which information professionals are well placed to give advice and make judgements.Research limitations/implicationsMore practice‐oriented research is needed to enhance understanding of how traditional librarianship practices can be applied to the data‐intensive scientific research carried out by so‐called “virtual organisations”.Practical implicationsThis paper makes some initial suggestions about the how the tools of library and information practice can be related to the “new science”. In particular, it highlights their relevance to distinguishing between the information management needs of the “old” and the “new” sciences: these needs are quite distinct, though easily confused.Originality/valueThis paper relates terms from pure science such as the virtual organisation, cyberinfrastructure, and e‐Science to traditional LIS concepts, and tries to create an understanding of the relationship between the two disciplines for the library practitioner.
Internet adoption and assimilation in Kenyan university libraries
Authors: Odero‐Musakali Damaris , Mutula Stephen M. 
Published: July 2007

PurposeThis paper sets out to discuss internet adoption and assimilation among university libraries in Kenya.Design/methodology/approachThe paper is based on a literature survey and the experiences of the authors with the Kenyan high education system.FindingsThe potential advantages of the internet appear to have precluded the foresight of Kenyan university libraries to the challenges that may be associated with its deployment. There is clear under‐utilization and considerable disparities between and within the libraries in their levels of general Information and Communication Technology (ICT) deployment and use in Kenya. Most public university libraries still use conventional methods of service provision, suggesting that most library employees are not ready to embrace and integrate these information technologies in their routine operations. If promising ICT applications cannot be widely deployed, then the benefits resulting from such technologies are likely to be equally curtailed.Research limitations/implicationsThis paper confines itself to discussion of the internet in Kenyan university libraries. The paper also focuses only on fully fledged government, and private universities as they are among the major stakeholders of the internet initiatives taking place in institutions of higher learning in Kenya. Higher education in Kenya has expanded tremendously in the last decade and there is need for studies that address various issues that relate to technology adoption and use that include legal and regulatory frameworks, technology transfer, capacity building and management of new technologies.Originality/valueWith students and staff in higher education the world over increasingly gaining access to the internet and other new technologies, the future of universities depends on their capacity to institutionalize such technologies to meet the complex needs of the academic populace. The ubiquitous presence of ICTs in academic libraries, especially the internet and its potential impact on learning, teaching, and research, implies that any effort that would shed light on this technology is laudable. This underscores the need to understand the underlying factors that impede or promote individuals’ response to the internet‐based technology in university libraries not only in Kenya but elsewhere.
Age and exposure to computers as determinants of attitudes of librarians towards automation in Nigerian universities
Authors: Osahon Uwaifo Stephen 
Published: July 2007

PurposeThe paper seeks to examine age and exposure to computers as determinants of librarians’ attitudes towards library automation in Nigerian universities.Design/methodology/approachThe paper uses a survey approach to determine the attitudes of academic librarians in Nigeria.FindingsThe investigation shows that an overwhelming majority of the librarians registered a high and positive attitude towards library automation. However, the two variables of interest to this study were found not to influence the librarians’ attitudes towards library automation. Also, several university libraries in Nigeria are yet to be automated due to some identified impediments like: financial constraints, shortage of IT personnel, irregular electric power supply, poor communication facilities, and absence of a national policy on information technology.Practical implicationsGenerally librarians, system administrators, university authorities, IT researchers, and the National Universities Commission of Nigeria will find this paper useful. It enlightens them about the librarians’ positive attitudes towards library automation, poor state of automation in the libraries, as well as the lack of relationship between attitude of librarians and the two variables of interest to this study.Originality/valueThe paper offers new insights in the area of IT use by academic librarians in Nigeria. This study differs from others because it established that, even though the librarians registered a positive attitude towards library automation, their age and exposure to computers do not determine such an attitude.
Cataloguing e‐books in UK higher education libraries: report of a survey
Authors: Belanger Jacqueline 
Published: July 2007

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to discuss the results of a 2006 survey of UK Higher Education OPACs in order to provide a snapshot of cataloguing practices for e‐books.Design/methodology/approachThe OPACs of 30 UK HE libraries were examined in July/August 2006 to determine which e‐books were catalogued, and the level of cataloguing treatment e‐books received. Interviews were conducted by e‐mail with representatives of eight of these libraries.FindingsA total of 28 universities surveyed provided some OPAC records for e‐books; most of these were for subscription collections from suppliers such as ebrary and netLibrary. Five universities included records in their OPACs for individual e‐book titles from collections such as Eighteenth Century Collections Online (ECCO); four OPACs included records for free e‐books. There are wide variations between institutions in terms of which e‐books are selected for cataloguing.Research limitations/implicationsThe survey was undertaken at a particular point in time (summer 2006) and was not exhaustive of all UK HE OPACs.Practical implicationsThis research suggests that it should be made easier for users to search OPACs for e‐books, and that libraries should provide more information on their websites about which e‐books are catalogued.Originality/valueThis paper addresses a gap in the UK literature on cataloguing e‐books.
E‐books from MyiLibrary at the University of Worcester: a case study
Authors: Taylor Alison 
Published: July 2007

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to describe how an e‐books project was set up at the University of Worcester Information and Learning Services with the aim of improving user access to the range of textbook materials available.Design/methodology/approachDetails of the background and circumstances of the University and the effect of these on the process undertaken by the e‐books project group are described. The selection of an e‐books provider, MyiLibrary, and subsequent ordering, cataloguing and promotion activities are outlined.FindingsThis paper outlines the importance of tailoring the approach to e‐books acquisition to the individual institution. It is found that authentication is a major issue and that for e‐books packages to be successful, technical problems need to be kept to a minimum.Practical implicationsExamples to assist others in setting up e‐books provision are given. Technical difficulties and the range of titles available are both impediments to providing a full e‐books service.Originality/valueE‐books appear to provide greater access and flexibility to library users. Information and Learning Services fully intends to extend the range of e‐books available to students. This paper looks at the practicalities of setting up and expanding such a service.