bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neuropathy After Herniorrhaphy: Indication for Surgical Treatment and Outcome
Authors: Vuilleumier Henri , Hübner Martin , Demartines Nicolas 
Published: January 2009

AbstractBackgroundChronic neuropathy after hernia repair is a neglected problem as very few patients are referred for surgical treatment. The aim of the present study was to assess the outcome of standardized surgical revision for neuropathic pain after hernia repair.MethodsIn a prospective cohort study we evaluated all patients admitted to our tertiary referral center for surgical treatment of persistent neuropathic pain after primary herniorrhaphy between 2001 and 2006. Diagnosis of neuropathic pain was based on clinical findings and a positive Tinel’s sign. Postoperative pain was evaluated by a visual analogue scale (VAS) and a pain questionnaire up to 12 months after revision surgery.ResultsForty‐three consecutive patients (39 male, median age 35 years) underwent surgical revision, mesh removal, and radical neurectomy. The median operative time was 58 min (range: 45–95 min). Histological examination revealed nerve entrapment, complete transection, or traumatic neuroma in all patients. The ilioinguinal nerve was affected in 35 patients (81%); the iliohypogastric nerve, in 10 patients (23%). Overall pain (median VAS) decreased permanently after surgery within a follow‐up period of 12 months (preoperative 74 [range: 53–87] months versus 0 [range: 0–34] months; p < 0.0001).ConclusionsThe results of this cohort study suggest that surgical mesh removal with ilioinguinal and iliohypogastric neurectomy is a successful treatment in patients with neuropathic pain after hernia repair.
Thermally Induced Nano-Structural and Optical Changes of nc-Si:H Deposited by Hot-Wire CVD
Authors: Arendse CJ , Malgas GF , Muller TFG , Knoesen D , Oliphant CJ , Motaung DE , Halindintwali S , Mwakikunga BW 
Published: January 2009

Abstract
We report on the thermally induced changes of the nano-structural and optical properties of hydrogenated nanocrystalline silicon in the temperature range 200–700 °C. The as-deposited sample has a high crystalline volume fraction of 53% with an average crystallite size of ~3.9 nm, where 66% of the total hydrogen is bonded as ≡Si–H monohydrides on the nano-crystallite surface. A growth in the native crystallite size and crystalline volume fraction occurs at annealing temperatures ≥400 °C, where hydrogen is initially removed from the crystallite grain boundaries followed by its removal from the amorphous network. The nucleation of smaller nano-crystallites at higher temperatures accounts for the enhanced porous structure and the increase in the optical band gap and average gap.
Effect of chitooligosaccharide on neuronal differentiation of PC‐12 cells
Authors: Yang Yumin , Liu Mei , Gu Yun , Lin Sheyu , Ding Fei , Gu Xiaosong 
Published: January 2009

AbstractChitosan is now being widely used biomaterial in the tissue engineering field, and has great potential as a candidate material for preparing nerve guidance conduits due to its various favorable properties, especially that of good nerve cell affinity. Chitosan can be degraded in vivo into chitooligosaccharide. We have investigated the in vitro effects of chitooligosaccharide on neuronal differentiation of PC‐12 cells to see what effects chitooligosaccharide have on certain functions in the regenerating neurons. The morphologic observation and assessment using the specific reagent of tetrazolium salt WST‐8 indicated that neurite outgrowths from PC‐12 cells and the viability of PC‐12 cells were enhanced by treatment of chitooligosaccharide. The real‐time quantitative RT‐PCR and Western blot analysis revealed showed that chitooligosaccharide could upregulate the expression of neurofilament‐H mRNA or protein and N‐cadherin protein in PC‐12 cells. The maximum effect of 0.1 mg/ml chitooligosaccharide was obtained after 2 week culture. All the data suggest that chitooligosaccharide possesses good nerve cell affinity by supporting nerve cell adhesion and promoting neuronal differentiation and neurite outgrowth.
Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells are resistant to HBV infection during differentiation into hepatocytes in vivo and in vitro
Authors: Xie Chan , Zheng Yu‐Bao , Zhu Hai‐Peng , Peng Liang , Gao Zhi‐Liang 
Published: January 2009

AbstractHepatocyte‐like cells induced from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) recover liver function in animal models with liver failure. Our initial findings revealed that human BMSCs improved liver function in hepatitis B patients with end stage liver disease. However, the susceptibility of BMSCs to HBV infection during induction toward hepatocytes remains unknown. We have assessed whether BMSCs‐derived hepatocyte‐like cells can function like liver cells and be infected by HBV. A new and efficient way to direct the differentiation of BMSCs into functional hepatocytes was developed. BMSCs obtained from hepatitis B patients were induced to differentiate into hepatocytes through exposure to HGF, FGF‐4, and EGF. After 6 days of exposure, BMSCs‐derived hepatocyte‐like cells that expressed a subset of hepatic genes and showed hepatic functions were obtained. HBV was used to infect the differentiated cells, and subsequently these cells were assayed for the presence of HBeAg, HBsAg, and HBV DNA. BMSCs proved resistant to HBV infection, both in vitro and during differentiation into hepatocytes in vitro. This demonstrates that BMSCs are resistant to HBV infection. BMSCs are viable for transplantation and should facilitate further research exploring the in vivo HBV‐resistance of the hepatocytes derived from BMSCs after transplantation, a characteristic that could form the basis for hepatocyte transplantation.
Women, gender equality, and diabetes
Authors: Hannan Carolyn 
Published: January 2009

AbstractDiscussion of women, gender equality, and diabetes should be placed in the context of United Nations mandates on women's health which highlight the need for equal access to information, prevention activities, services, and care across the life cycle. Gender differences and inequalities have been identified in relation to causes and consequences of diabetes and access to services and support between women and men, and among different groups of women. Appropriate gender‐sensitive policy responses, including research and data collection, need to be developed. The recent United Nations resolution on diabetes provides an opportunity to strengthen the focus on women and diabetes.
Definition, size of the problem, screening and diagnostic criteria: Who should be screened, cost‐effectiveness, and feasibility of screening
Authors: Jovanovic Lois 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe epidemic of obesity and increased prevalence of diabetes necessitates reconsideration of its definition and screening by separating type 2 diabetic women from women with gestational diabetes to provide a better model of care. The unique problems concerning an undiagnosed type 2 diabetic woman are not major issues in the gestational diabetic woman. This review underscores the need for a unique diagnosis for women with moderate to severe hyperglycemia and/or other evidence of long‐standing diabetes complications, and the urgent need for more intensive surveillance and treatment than is otherwise available for gestational diabetic women.
Perinatal mortality in pregestational diabetes
Authors: Melamed Nir , Hod Moshe 
Published: January 2009

AbstractRecent studies have found that the perinatal mortality (PNM) rate in pregnancies complicated by pregestational diabetes remains significantly higher than in the general population. These observations are probably related to lack of optimal glycemic control, and a significant proportion of unplanned pregnancies. The prevalence of pregnancies complicated by type 2 diabetes is increasing. Although these pregnancies are often perceived as a less serious condition, type 2 diabetes appears to be associated with PNM rates that are at least as high as in type 1 diabetic pregnancies. This article reviews the epidemiology, etiology, and recommendations for prevention of PNM in pregnancies complicated by pregestational diabetes.
Women's health in the 21st century
Authors: Wolfson Elaine M. , DeKalb Adriane , Rojhani Ariella 
Published: January 2009

AbstractAlthough women's health has been under‐attended for most of the 20th century, it has gained international attention in recent decades. Medical and social research on heart disease, lung cancer, HIV/AIDS, and trachoma indicate that bio‐socio variables affect women's health differently from men's. With regard to diabetes, data on pregnancy, diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), depression, and heart disease corroborate the differentials between men and women. Data also indicate that social factors place diabetic women at a disadvantage regarding access to treatment and outcomes. Ascertaining the precise interactions that cause these differences and applying this information to policies and programs are imperative in the 21st century.
Social and economic consequences of diabetes in women from low‐income countries: A case study from Bangladesh
Authors: Mahtab Hajera , Habib Samira H. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractDiabetes poses a serious threat to low‐income countries such as Bangladesh. It is one of the leading causes of premature morbidity and mortality, and requires life‐long healthcare services. Women with diabetes are affected in all stages of their lives. Uniquely, diabetes affects the health of mothers and their unborn children. Poverty, ignorance, and gender discrimination adversely affect women with diabetes. However, the Diabetic Association of Bangladesh has played an increasingly effective role in providing comprehensive socio‐medicare and life‐long follow‐up of diabetic women, free of charge. This is reflected by the increasing attendance of women with diabetes, especially from rural areas.
Obstetric outcomes of women with intracranial neoplasms
Authors: Johnson Nadine , Sermer Mathew , Lausman Andrea , Maxwell Cynthia 
Published: January 2009

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the obstetric outcomes of women diagnosed with a primary intracranial neoplasm prior to or during pregnancy and the puerperium.MethodsDemographic data, neurologic, obstetric, and neonatal outcomes were extracted retrospectively from charts identified from two hospital databases.ResultsTwenty‐two patients with 25 pregnancies were identified. Thirteen patients were diagnosed prior to pregnancy (group 1); tumor growth or recurrence during pregnancy occurred in 3 patients. Nine patients were diagnosed during pregnancy and the puerperium (group 2); 7 underwent neurosurgery at a mean gestational age of 27 ± 5.7 weeks; 2 experienced permanent visual loss. Significantly more gliomas occurred in group 1, but there were significantly more meningiomas in group 2. Numbers of cesarean delivery, preterm delivery at less than 34 weeks, and NICU admission were higher in group 2 than group 1, but this was not statistically significant.ConclusionAlthough not statistically significant, neurologic deterioration during pregnancy may be associated with cesarean delivery, preterm delivery, and NICU admission.
Solutions of Euclid's Problems, with a rule and one fixed aperture of the compasses, by the Italian geometers of the sixteenth century
Authors: Mackay J. S. 
Published: January 2009

Chasles in his Aperçu, Historique sur l'origine et le développement des Méthodes en Géométrie (seconde édition, 1875, pp. 214–215) makes the following statement:“Essays of the same kind as the geometry of the rule and that of the compasses, and which hold, so to speak, the mean between the two, had long previously engaged the attention of famous mathematicians. Cardan first of all in his book De Subtilitate had resolved several of Euclid's problems by the straight line and a single aperture of the compasses, as if one had in practice only a rule and invariable compasses. Tartalea was not long in following his rival on this field, and extended this mode of treatment to some new problems. (General trattato di numeri et misure; 5ta parte, libra terzo; in-fol. Venise, 1560). Finally, a learned Piedmontese geometer, J.–B. de Benedictis, made it the object of a treatise entitled: Resolutio omnium Euclidis problematum, aliorumque ad hoc necessario inventorum, una tantummodo circini data apertura; in-4°. Venise, 1553.”
Composition de Mathématiques Élémentaires proposée au Concours d' Agrégation de 1886
Authors: Aubert M. Paul 
Published: January 2009

On donne un cercle et deux points P et Q situés sur un diamètre, on joint les points P et Q aux extrémités A et B d'ux diamètre du cercle par les droites I'A et QB qui se coupent au point M. On fait tourner le diamètre AB et on demandeI. D' étudier les variations du rappoet de construire la figure quand le rapport a unedonnée.II. D' étudier les variations de l' angle AMB, et de construire la figure quand cet angle a une valeur donnée.III. A′ et B′ étant les seconds points d' intersection des droites MA, MB avec la circonférence donnée, trouver le, lieu du centre du cercle circonscrit au triangle MA′B′.
On Vortices
Authors: Chree C. 
Published: January 2009

Helmholtz and most, if not all, subsequent writers on vortex motions have, except in obtaining the fundamental equations, confined themselves to fluid of invariable density.In the following paper are considered some simple systems of vortices in a compressible fluid. To show that such systems are of considerable importance it is sufficient to refer to the phenomena of cyclonic storms. It may be as well, however, to state that though the vortices are here treated as compressible, the circumstances are still so different from those found in nature that the results obtained could bear only a general resemblance at most to the phenomena of storms.
Note on the Kinematics of a Quadrilateral
Authors: Dallas R. J. 
Published: January 2009

I send a note on the following problem, a solution of which was requested of me by one of the tutors at King's College, Cambridge.We are given a quadrilateral of four jointed bars ABCD (fig. 83). The bar CD being held fast, find the tangent to the locus of P, the intersection of DA, CB in any position; and verify the following construction for the radius of curvature of the path of P:—Let PQ be the third diagonal, draw through P a perpendicular to PQ meeting BA, CD in L and L′; through L and L′ draw parallels to PQ meeting AD in M and M′; through M and M′ draw perpendiculars to AD meeting the normal at P in O and O′; then will
Geometrical Proof of the Tangency of the Inscribed and Nine-Point Circles
Authors: Harvey William 
Published: January 2009

S (fig. 85) is the circumscribed centre, and O the orthocentre of the triangle ABC; AX the perpendicular from A on BC, and P the middle point of BC.SP produced bisects the arc BC in V, and I, the centre of the inscribed circle, lies on AV, and is so situated that AI.IV = 2Rr. (See Note). Also the angle XAV = angle AVS = angle SAV
On a class of Differential Equations whose solutions satisfy Integral Equations
Authors: Whittaker E. T. 
Published: January 2009

The science of the solution of Differential Equations has been in great measure systematized by the aid of ideas borrowed from the Theory of Functions, the equations being classified according to the singularities possessed by their solutions. In the case of linear Differential Equations of the second orderthe solutions can have no singularities except at the singularities of the functions q(x) and r(x) (and possibly also at x = ∞ ): these equations may therefore be classified simply according to the number and nature of these singularities.
A Derivation of Certain Variational Principles for Mixed Boundary Value Problems in Potential Theory
Authors: Bartlett C. C. , Noble B. 
Published: January 2009

We consider the following problem: A potential function φ satisfies Laplace's equation ∇2φ = φxx + φyy = 0 in a region R bounded by a closed curve C on which mixed boundary conditions are specified, i.e. φ = f(s) on a part A of the boundary and ∂φ/∂n = g(s) on a part B, where C = A + B and distance along C is denoted by s. Electrostatic problems of this type have been solved approximately in (1) and (2) by formulating them in terms of integral equations and then applying variational principles to the integral equations. In that approach, attention is concentrated on integrals over the boundary of the region R. The most common type of variational principle for potential problems involves integrals over the region R rather than integrals over the boundary of R. An example is given by the Rayleigh-Ritz method which depends on the stationary character of Dirichlet's integralIn this paper we show that the variational principles used in (1), (2), are closely connected with the more usual type of variational principles, by deriving the principles used in (1), (2) from inequalities deduced by considering integrals of type (1) over the region R.
Some Finite Analogues of the Poisson Summation Formula
Authors: Carlitz L. 
Published: January 2009

1. Guinand (2) has obtained finite identities of the typewhere m, n, N are positive integers and eitherorwhere γ is Euler's constant and the notation ∑′ indicates that when x is integral the term r = x is multiplied by ½. Clearly there is no loss of generality in taking N = 1 in (1.1).
On the non-vanishing of Poincaré series
Authors: Lehner J. 
Published: January 2009

Let M = SL(2, Z) be the classical modular matrix group. One form of the Poincaré series on M ishere z ∈ H={z = x + iy: y >0}, q ≧ 2 and m ≧ 1 are integers, and the summation is over a complete system of matrices (ab: cd) in M with different lower row. The problem of the identical vanishing of the Poincaré series for different values of m and q goes back to Poincaré.
On the (J, pn, qn) method of summation
Authors: Kwee B. 
Published: January 2009

In the following discussion we shall assume that pn≧0, qn≧0 for all n and that qn + 1 > qn → ∞. The (J, pn, qn) method of summation is defined as follows.The series with the partial sum sn, is called summable (J, pn, qn) to s, and we write if the seriesand converge to the sum functions p*(x) and p(s)(x) respectively for 0<x<1 and if τ(x) = p(s)(x)/p*(x)→s as x→1–0.
Spectral measures on spaces not containing l∞
Authors: Gillespie T. A. 
Published: January 2009

The property of weak sequential completeness plays a special role in the theory of Boolean algebras of projections and spectral measures on Banach spaces. For instance, if X is a weakly sequentially complete Banach space, then(i) every strongly closed bounded Boolean algebra of projections on X is complete (3, XVII.3.8, p. 2201); from which it follows easily that(ii) every spectral measure on X of arbitary class (Σ, Γ), where Σ is a σ-algebra of sets and Γ is a total subset of the dual space of X, is strongly countably additive; and hence that(iii) every prespectral operator on X is spectral.(See also (1, Theorem 6.11, p. 165) for (iii).)
Limit circle criteria for 2nth order differential operators
Authors: Becker Ronald I. 
Published: January 2009

A formally self-adjoint differential operatorLis said to be of limit circle type at infinity if its highest order coefficient is zero-free and all solutionsxofL(x) = 0 are square-integrable on [a, ∞). (We will drop reference to “at infinity” in what follows.)For the second-order caseDunford and Schwartz (3) p. 1409 prove thatgiventhenLis of limit circle type if and only if
On general curves lying on a quadric
Authors: Baker H. F. 
Published: January 2009

Introduction. The present note, though in continuation of the preceding one dealing with rational curves, is written so as to be independent of this. It is concerned to prove that if a curve of order n, and genus p, with k cusps, or stationary points, lying on a quadric, Ω, in space of any number of dimensions, is such that itself, its tangents, its osculating planes, … , and finally its osculating (h – 1)-folds, all lie on the quadric Ω, then the number of its osculating h-folds which lie on the quadric isTwo proofs of this result are given, in §§ 4 and 5.
On the meaning of an equation in dual coordinates
Authors: Richmond H. W. 
Published: January 2009

If L, M, N denote Prof. Study's Dual Coordinates of a straight line (see Proc. Edinburgh Math. Soc., 44 (1926), 90–97), any (homogeneous) equation F (L, M, N) = 0 must define a certain system of lines. By the nature of dual numbers we must havewhere U and V are functions of l, m, n, λ, μ, ν, the ordinary (Pluckerian) coordinates. Since F = 0 implies U = 0 and V = 0 the system of lines is a congruence. But it is a congruence of a very special kind, whose nature will now be considered.
A special Pencil of Binary Quartics
Authors: Vaidyanathaswamy R. 
Published: January 2009

I. If the Jacobian sextic of a pencil of binary quartics is known, the pencil itself is determined in five ways. The explicit determination of the pencil in terms of the irrational invariants of has been effected by Stephanos.There are two known cases in which a pencil of quartics admits of rational determination from its Jacobian. In these, the rationally determinable pencil differentiates itself algebraically from its remaining four co-Jacobian pencils.
A Matrix Form of Taylor's Theorem
Authors: Turnbull H. W. 
Published: January 2009

The following pages continue a line of enquiry begun in a work On Differentiating a Matrix, (Proceedings of the Edinburgh Mathematical Society (2) 1 (1927), 111-128), which arose out of the Cayley operator , where xij is the ijth element of a square matrix [xij] of order n, and all n2 elements are taken as independent variables. The present work follows up the implications of Theorem III in the original, which stated thatwhere s (Xr) is the sum of the principal diagonal elements in the matrix Xr. This is now written ΩsXr = rXr – 1 and Ωs is taken as a fundamental operator analogous to ordinary differentiation, but applicable to matrices of any finite order n.
On the Solution of Differential Equations by Definite Integrals
Authors: Whittaker E. T. 
Published: January 2009

It is well known that in many cases the solutions of a linear differential equation can be expressed as definite integrals, different solutions of the same equation being represented by integrals which have the same integrand, but different paths of integration. Thus, the various solutions of the hypergeometric differential equationcan be represented by integrals of the typethe path of integration being (for one particular solution) a closed circuit encircling the point t = 0 in the positive direction, then the point t = 1 in the positive direction, then the point t = 0 in the negative direction, and lastly the point t = 1 in the negative direction; or (for another particular solution) an arc in the t-plane joining the points t = 1 and t = ∞.
Supplement to a Note on Recurrent Sequences
Authors: Walsh C. E. 
Published: January 2009

A lemma used in the above paper can be extended to cover the case of a sequence Sn determined by a recurrence relation of the formr being any positive integer.For convenience denote everywhere. Let us suppose that an inequality of the formholds for p = 2, 3, … ., n — 1. The constant K can be determined from the initial values of Sn, when kn and ln have been found.
Note on the “sum” of an integral function
Authors: Whittaker J. M 
Published: January 2009

Theorem 1 of a recent paper “On the asymptotic periods of integral functions” can be replaced by the following more precise result.If f(z) is an integral function of order ρ there is an integral function g(z), of order ρ, such thatThe improvement consists in showing that, if ρ < 1, g (z) can be chosen to be of order ρ, not merely of order less than or equal to one.