bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal assessment of bone mineral density in prostate cancer patients: comparing metastatic and non-metastatic regions
Authors: Hara Takuto , Nishimoto Hanako , Terakawa Tomoaki , Okamura Yasuyoshi , Bando Yukari , Ueki Hideto , Suzuki Kotaro , Hyodo Yoji , Teishima Jun , Chiba Koji , Kuroda Ryosuke , Miyake Hideaki 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Objectives
Prostate cancer patients receiving androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) have increased risks of decreased bone mineral density (BMD). However, there are no established guidelines for assessing BMD in patients with bone metastases. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of ADT on bone health by comparing longitudinal changes in BMD between prostate cancer patients with and without bone metastases.

Methods
A single-center observational study was conducted from February 2020 to January 2023 at Kobe University Hospital. BMD at the lumbar vertebrae, total hip, and femoral neck was measured at baseline, 6, and 12 months using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Bones were classified into Metastatic Site (with metastases), Non-metastatic Sites (from patients with bone metastases), and Control (patients without metastases) groups. All patients received luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone antagonists or agonists plus oral ARSI or bicalutamide for 1 year.

Results
Among the 78 patients, 35, 110, and 245 bones were classified into the Metastatic Site group, Non-metastatic Sites group, and Control group, respectively. The Metastatic Site group exhibited significantly higher T-scores compared with the other groups (P < 0.001). Repeated measures analysis revealed a statistically significant reduction in T-scores over time across all groups (P < 0.001). However, no significant interaction was observed between group classification and time (P = 0.817).

Conclusion
The present study demonstrates that BMD changes at non-metastatic sites in patients with bone metastases are similar to those in patients without metastases. Monitoring BMD at non-metastatic sites may provide valuable insights into ADT's effects on bone health in prostate cancer patients.
How to promote spider diversity of heathlands: impact of management intensity
Authors: Matevski Dragan , Temperton Vicky M. , Walmsley David , Härdtle Werner , Daniels Jelena , Boutaud Esteve 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Heathland health is deteriorating across Northwestern Europe due to various threats which commonly are the result of global change drivers and inadequate management. Varying traditional management practices have been modified to counteract this development, all of which have inevitable trade-offs in terms of promoting associated biodiversity, ecosystem functions and services. These trade-offs are mainly between low (low biomass/soil removal) and high (large biomass/soil removal) intensity management practices. Here we analysed the impacts of low (mowing) versus a newly developed high intensity (scarification, i.e. mowing with subsequent moss removal) management practice on spider diversity, as an excellent bioindicator for habitat quality shifts due to environmental change. We sampled spiders at 15 plots, 5 replicates of the two management practices each, as well as 5 unmanaged controls in the Lüneburg Heath, Northern Germany, one year after the management was implemented. No spider species showed aversion to mowed plots likely due to the increased habitat heterogeneity provided by mowing, while spider abundance and functional richness responded negatively to the increased homogeneity induced by scarification. However, scarification benefited some critically endangered specialists such as Psimmitis sabulosa due to their preference for high bare soil cover. Therefore, managing heathlands with a mosaic of mowed and scarified patches could likely promote spider diversity and protect threatened species while limiting negative effects on functional diversity. Since our results apply to the effect of management on spider biodiversity only one year after the management has been implemented, future research should focus on how these effects change over time.
Scaling the Vertical-Velocity Variance During the Very Late Afternoon Transition of the Convective Boundary Layer
Authors: El Guernaoui Omar , Li Dan , Reuder Joachim 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In the bulk of the convective boundary layer driven by surface heating, the vertical-velocity variance is known to scale with the convective velocity scale. This scaling relies on the quasi-equilibrium assumption that the surface heat flux (H, the water-vapor contribution to buoyancy is neglected) varies slowly compared to the adjustment time scale of the large scale convective eddies (or the eddy turnover time), a condition which over land is typically satisfied from the late morning to the early afternoon transition. Later on, when the surface heat flux starts decaying moderately compared to the eddy turnover time, a departure from the quasi-equilibrium regime is expected. A recent idealized large-eddy simulations (LES) study proposed a parameter for describing such departure during the late afternoon transition:

$${\widetilde{r}} \equiv |H^{-1}dH/dt|^{-1}/t_*$$

r
~

≡

|

H

-
1

d
H
/
d
t
|

-
1

/

t

∗

, where

$$t_*$$

t

∗

is the eddy turnover time. The quasi-equilibrium assumption applies when

$${\widetilde{r}}$$

r
~

$$>>$$

>
>

1, and breaks down when

$${\widetilde{r}}$$

r
~

$$\sim $$

∼

1. Building on these results, we further investigate the scaling for the vertical-velocity variance during the very late afternoon transition, i.e. in the regime

$${\widetilde{r}}$$

r
~

$$<<$$

<
<

1 where the surface heat flux decays rapidly compared to the eddy turnover time. In a first step, we use LES to reveal that the regime

$${\widetilde{r}}$$

r
~

$$<<$$

<
<

1 is characterized by a new velocity scale

$$w_{*r} \equiv ((g/\overline{\theta })|dH/dt| z_i^2)^{1/4}$$

w

∗
r

≡
(

(
g
/

θ
¯

)

|
d
H
/
d
t
|

z
i
2

)

1
/
4

. Within the specific framework of this study using the parameter

$${\widetilde{r}}$$

r
~

for identifying the out-of-equilibrium regime

$${\widetilde{r}}$$

r
~

$$<<$$

<
<

1, the proposed scaling is implicitly dependent on the surface heat flux magnitude at the initial state when

$${\widetilde{r}}$$

r
~

$$\approx $$

≈

0.1, through the definition of the parameter

$${\widetilde{r}}$$

r
~

. In a second step, we demonstrate that the new velocity scale can be deduced from scaling arguments applied to the budget-equation of the vertical turbulent heat flux.
A ‘Grey’ Side of Family Business Ethics? Looking into the Interplay of Internal and External Ethical Orientations: Empirical Insights from the Wine Industry
Authors: Casprini Elena , Palumbo Rocco , Cammeo Jacopo , Zanni Lorenzo 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Drawing on virtue ethics and stakeholder theory, the article investigates the unfolding of business ethics in the wine industry, with a focus on family businesses. Attention is specifically paid to the interplay of internal (i.e., employees-centeredness and organizational inclusiveness) and external (i.e., people-centeredness and territorial development) ethical orientations. A unique sample of 164 Italian wine businesses was built to get evidence of how the nexus of internal and external ethical orientations is handled, emphasizing the distinctive traits of family businesses. We found that employee-centeredness nurtured organizational inclusiveness and fostered people-centeredness. Interestingly, the family businesses’ concern for territorial development curbed the positive implications of employee-centeredness on people-centeredness. The study results extend scholarly knowledge, shedding light on a ‘grey’ side of family businesses’ ethics.
Is Youth Mentoring Beneficial for Child and Adolescent Mental Health Service Users? A Multi-Stakeholder Perspective
Authors: Silke Charlotte , Brady Bernadine 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Internationally, the number of young people who experience significant mental health issues is increasing. It is argued that flexible, community-based initiatives can help support mental health services to address the mental health needs of young people. Youth mentoring is a community-based model, which has been found to act as a supportive resource for vulnerable and at-risk youth.

Objective
This research examines the benefits and challenges associated with the provision of mentoring within a youth mental health context. The study explores the rationale guiding the partnership between a community-based mentoring organisation and child and adolescent mental health services (CAMHS) in Ireland, and identifies key practice considerations.

Method
40 participants involved with the partnership took part in semi-structured qualitative interviews, which were analysed using a thematic analytic approach.

Results
Mentoring was viewed as a means of providing relaxed, informal, friendships that could help the young person to socialise more, strengthen their social skills, and become more integrated into their communities. Positive changes in social and emotional well-being were observed among participating youth. Practical challenges included delays in matching young people with mentors and communication issues.

Conclusions
Findings have relevance for researchers and practitioners interested in the integration of community-based and statutory mental health services, as they indicate that youth mentoring can act as a supportive resource for youth who experience mental health difficulties. Findings also provide insights into the processes that may support/hinder the effectiveness and acceptability of mentoring within a context mental health, which can help inform best practice guidelines.
Influence of endogenous laserine-type phenylpropanoids in carrots on post-harvest fungal pathogens Mycocentrospora acerina and Botrytis cinerea
Authors: He Wanying , Dunemann Frank 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Laserine-type phenylpropanoids are a main group of natural bitter compounds synthesized in carrot taproots and putatively contribute to defence mechanisms against soil-borne pathogens. In this study, we analysed the relationships between the constitutive levels of two laserine compounds present in mature taproots and the extent of root infection by the two main carrot storage fungal pathogens Mycocentrospora acerina and Botrytis cinerea. Taproots of eight carrot cultivars exhibiting different levels of laserine and its isomer 2-epilaserine in the taproot periderm were inoculated with the two fungi and evaluated for diseased area with a digital image analysis system after 6 weeks incubation in a cold storage facility. The concentrations of the two phenylpropanoids showed a significant negative correlation with M. acerina and B. cinerea disease severity. We present, to our knowledge for the first time, novel insights about putative effects of laserine compounds against soil-borne fungal carrot pathogens.
Evaluation of hop varieties (Humulus lupulus L.) for their response to HLVd, HSVd, and CBCVd viroids in tissue cultures
Authors: Volk Helena , Lap Patricija , Čerenak Andreja , Jakše Jernej 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This study evaluates the susceptibility of various hop varieties to three viroids: Hop Latent Viroid (HLVd), Hop Stunt Viroid (HSVd), and Citrus Bark Cracking Viroid (CBCVd), all of which pose significant threats to Slovenian hop production. The experiment was conducted under in vitro conditions, involving the cultivation of 13 different hop varieties in tissue cultures, alongside the in vitro synthesis of viroid transcripts and subsequent inoculation of the plants. The plants were then monitored for growth, development, and their responses to viroid infection. The findings reveal the complex interactions between hops and viroids, with successful inoculation observed in all varieties. However, infection rates varied, with HSVd showing the highest rates of infection, followed by CBCVd and HLVd. This research enhances the understanding of viroid dynamics in hop plants, which is crucial for developing effective disease management strategies. Despite the insights gained, no resistance or tolerance to the viroids was identified in any of the tested hop varieties.
Prevalence, identity and seasonal variation of leaf diseases in Australian macadamia nurseries
Authors: Khan Jahangir , Drenth André , Akinsanmi Olufemi A. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Macadamia is an Australian native tree grown for its edible kernel in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. However, there is limited knowledge about the fungal leaf pathogens that can infect macadamia nursery plants and potentially reduce productivity. To address this gap, we surveyed major commercial nurseries in Australia to identify leaf diseases affecting macadamia plants in different growing seasons. We identified four main leaf diseases: yellow halo leaf blight, brown leaf blight, anthracnose, and black leaf blight, each caused by multiple fungal species. Leaf anthracnose was the most prevalent disease observed in all the nurseries across the four seasons. From mature leaves with anthracnose symptoms, we isolated eight Colletotrichum spp., but only C. siamense and C. gloeosporioides sensu lato were found to cause infection in pathogenicity assays. In addition, we isolated eleven Neopestalotiopsis and two Pestalotiopsis spp. from yellow halo leaf blight lesions and found that N. clavispora and N. maddoxii were capable of causing disease. We also determined that the A. alternata and A. tenuissima in the Alternaria alternata species complex caused black leaf blight only in non-suberised new leaf flush. For brown leaf blight, Neofusicoccum parvum and Ne. luteum were isolated from symptomatic leaves, both of which caused similar levels of disease. Our findings indicate that several pathogen species are responsible for at least four leaf diseases in macadamia nurseries, suggesting a potential productivity risk when affected plants are planted in the field.
Complex hyperbolic triangle groups of type $$[m,m,0;n_1,n_2,2]$$
Authors: Povall Sam , Pratoussevitch Anna 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In this paper we study discreteness of complex hyperbolic triangle groups of type

$$[m,m,0; n_1, n_2, 2]$$

[
m
,
m
,
0
;

n
1

,

n
2

,
2
]

, i.e. groups of isometries of the complex hyperbolic plane generated by three complex reflections of orders

$$n_1, n_2, 2$$

n
1

,

n
2

,
2

in complex geodesics with pairwise distances m, m, 0. For fixed m, the parameter space of such groups is of real dimension one. We determine the possible orders for

$$n_1$$

n
1

and

$$n_2$$

n
2

and also intervals in the parameter space that correspond to discrete and non-discrete triangle groups.
First Principles Exploration of N-V Point Defect Complexes in Graphane: Analysis of Energetic Stabilities and Electronic Properties
Authors: Mapingire H. , Fwalo C. , Mapasha R. E. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In this study, we employ first principles calculations within the framework of density functional theory to comprehensively investigate the energetic stabilities and electronic properties of various nitrogen dopant-vacancy complexes: N

C

V

H
,  N

C

V

CH
,  N

CH

V

H
and N

CH

V

CH
in the graphane two-dimensional material. The creation of N

C

V

H
and N

CH

V

H
complexes require less energy than that of N

C

V

CH
and N

CH

V

CH
, according to the formation energy analysis. The binding energies analysis reveals that all the considered N-vacancy complexes are stable when compared to their isolated counterparts. Based on U-parameter values derivation, it is easier for N

CH

V

H
complex (1.09 eV) to undergo transition from one charge state to another as compared to N

C

V

CH
(2.52 eV). The N-vacancy complexes induce acceptor and donor states within the graphane band gap, which alters during transition states (0 to −1 or 0 to +1). This comparative study has provided fundamental insights into the possibilities of utilizing nitrogen-vacancy centers in graphane for band gap engineering and nano-technology tailored applications.
Intangible income shifting: the impact of digitalisation on falling corporate tax rates
Authors: McMahon Michael , Doyle Eleanor , Kinsella Stephen 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Concerns over the amount of corporation tax paid by firms in digitally intensive industries have led to efforts to reform corporate tax codes at national and international levels. Despite this, there is little evidence to suggest firms in digitally intensive industries pay less corporate tax. The paper examines the interplay of digitalisation, firm size and MNE status to investigate if large, digitally intensive and multinational firms do indeed pay less tax, as measured by the cash effective tax rate (Cash ETR). It finds no significant relationship between industry digitalisation and Cash ETRs using a primary measure of industry digitalisation. However, the interactions of digitalisation, firm size and MNE status exhibit statistically significant impacts on Cash ETRs, though the magnitudes are modest. Larger firms in digital intensive industries tend to have Cash ETRs that are 1% lower than their less digital intensive equivalents. MNEs in more digital intensive industries tend to have Cash ETRs that are approximately 0.5% lower than firms in less digital intensive industries. Notably, the very largest tech firms display considerably lower Cash ETRs, thus, it would appear they provide much of the impetus for corporate tax reform.
Analysis of Tanner stage in children conceived after the diagnosis of infertility: the DESCRT study
Authors: Liu Jane Y. , Hu Richard , Lustig Robert H. , Huang David , Adeleye Amanda J. , Rinaudo Paolo , Cedars Marcelle I. , Zablotska Lydia B. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Purpose
Use of assisted reproductive technology (ART) could lead to abnormal pubertal development in children. We compared pubertal development in children conceived using ART to non-in vitro fertilization fertility treatment (NIFT) and unassisted (UA) conception.

Methods
Children from the Developmental Epidemiological Study of Children through Reproductive Technology (DESCRT) were assessed for pubertal development according to the standardized protocol. Tanner staging (breast, testes, and pubic hair development) was compared between ART, NIFT, and UA-conceived children. Differences were analyzed using Wilcoxon rank-sum test, Pearson’s chi-squared test, and Fisher’s exact test. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess association between method of conception and pubertal development.

Results
The sample included 290 children (164 boys and 126 girls) at median age 6 years (range 4 to 18 years); 229 were conceived using ART compared to a combined reference group of 29 conceived via NIFT and 32 via UA. Statistical analyses adjusted for children’s age, height, and weight showed statistically non-significant trends wherein boys conceived via ART tended to be in later Tanner stages for pubarche (OR = 2.33, 95% CI 0.44–12.21) and gonadarche (OR = 4.27, 95% CI 0.44–41.99), and girls tended to be in later stages for pubarche (OR = 4.29, 95% CI 0.40–45.62) and thelarche (OR = 2.23, 95% CI 0.35–14.03) compared to the reference group.

Conclusion
As ART becomes more widespread, developmental concerns become increasingly prominent. While results were statistically non-significant, we observed a trend toward differences in pubertal development between ART-conceived children and those conceived without assistance or NIFT.
Master–Slave Finite-Time Synchronization of Chaotic Fractional-Order Neural Networks under Hybrid Sampled-Data Control: An LMI Approach
Authors: Kiruthika R. , Manivannan A. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In this paper, a hybrid controller with a sampled data control is investigated to achieve finite-time master–slave synchronization of delayed fractional-order neural networks (DFONNs). A Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional is constructed to obtain the sufficient conditions that incorporate delay information. For the first time, the asymptotic stability of the error system is guaranteed in a finite-time using the inequality technique and a sampled-data hybrid controller. The obtained conditions are expressed via linear matrix inequality. Notably, the proposed approach outperforms existing methods, demonstrating improved results in a comparative analysis. An explicit formula is utilized to calculate the settling time, which is significantly influenced by the fractional order

$$0<\beta \le 1$$

0
<
β
≤
1

. The superior performance of the proposed control method is evident, showcasing its effectiveness through numerical simulations and addressing the synchronization problem in DFONNs.
Insight, perceptio, and Sosa on firsthand knowledge
Authors: Lyons Jack 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Sosa emphasizes "firsthand intuitive insight" as a distinctive kind of epistemic aim and argues that this is a characteristic epistemic goal of humanistic inquiry. He draws from this some importantly antiskeptical conclusions for the epistemology of disagreement. I try to further develop this idea of insight, which I call ‘perceptio’, in which we "see" some truth to obtain. I agree that it is a distinctive epistemic good, although I think it is central to understanding in general and not just in the humanities. It is also central to a specific kind of knowing-that that does not involve understanding. The precise way in which perceptio is a distinctive epistemic good means that, although it cannot do the antiskeptical work for disagreement that Sosa probably wants, it can do some related work.
Unveiling the metabolomic profile of growth hormone deficiency children using NMR spectroscopy
Authors: Aggelaki Eftychia A. , Giannakopoulos Aristeidis , Georgiopoulou Panagiota D. , Chasapi Styliani A. , Efthymiadou Alexandra , Kritikou Dimitra , Chrysis Dionisios , Spyroulias Georgios A. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Introduction
The diagnosis of Growth Hormone Deficiency (GHD) during childhood has been the subject of much controversy over the last few years. Aiming to accurate medical treatment, there is a need for biomarker discovery.

Objective
To characterize the metabolic profile of GHD children, examine the effect of GH administration on the metabolic signature, and investigate the correlations between metabolites and IGF-1.

Methods
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)-based untargeted and targeted metabolomic approach applied to study the metabolic profiles of children with GHD. Plasma, serum, and urine samples were collected from twenty-two children diagnosed with GHD and forty-eight age matched controls from the Pediatric Endocrinology Unit of the University Hospital of Patras. Experimental data were examined by both multivariate and univariate statistical analysis.

Results
The results of this pilot study revealed a different metabolic fingerprint of children with GHD in comparison to age-matched healthy individuals. However, the detected alterations in the metabolite patterns before and after GH treatment were subtle and of minor discriminative statistical power.

Conclusions
This study provides evidence that metabolome plays a pivotal role in GHD, but large-scale multicenter studies are warranted to validate the results.