bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ALTERNATIF PENYELESAIAN SENGKETA DI LUAR PENGADILAN SERTA KELEBIHAN DAN KELEMAHANNYA
Authors: Candra Andi , Warmiyana Zairi Absi  
Published: March 2024

Pengadilan tidak berwenang memeriksa kembali perkara yang sudah di jatuhkan putusan arbirtasenya kecuali apabila ada perbuatan melawan hukum terkait dengan pengambilan keputusan arbitrase dengan itikad baik, dan apabila putusan arbitrase itu melanggar ketertiban umum. Kelebihannya, kerahasiaan sengketa para pihak terjamin, dapat dihindari kelambatan yang diakibatkan karena hal prosedural dan administrasf dan kelemahannya, putusan arbitrase sangat tergantung kepada kemanpuan teknis arbiter untuk memberikan putusan yang memuaskan kepada kedua belah pihak. Karena walaupun arbiter adalah seorang ahli, namun belum tentu dapat memuaskan para pihak.
Kata Kunci : Arbitrase penyelesaian di luar pengadilan, kerahasiaan sengketa para pihak terjamin.

ABSTRACT
The court is not authorized to re-examine a case where the award of arbitration has been passed unless there is an unlawful act related to making an arbitration decision in good faith, and if the arbitral award violates public order. The advantage is that the confidentiality of disputes between the parties is guaranteed, delays can be avoided due to procedural and administrative matters and weaknesses, the arbitration award is very dependent on the technical ability of the arbitrator to provide satisfactory decisions to both parties. Because even though the arbitrator is an expert, it may not necessarily satisfy the parties.
Keywords : Out-of-court settlement arbitration, the confidentiality of the disputes of the parties is guaranteed.
PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM BAGI KORBAN AMUK MASSA
Authors: Deshaini Liza 
Published: March 2024

Abstrak
Amuk massa merupakan bentuk aspirasi yang tidak tersampaikan dengan baik. Pergolakan hebat tersebut timbul karena aspirasi yang selama ini terpendam tidak memiliki wadah untuk menyalurkannya dengan baik sehingga terjadinya pergolakan hebat yang timbul. Amuk massa juga dapat timbul karena perselisihan pribadi yang terjadi lalu merambat menjadi masalah besar. Hal tersebut tentu saja sangat disayangkan, budaya Indonesia telah mencanangkan demokrasi namun demokrasi yang tercanang belum berjalan dengan lancar. Perlindungan hukum terhadap korban amuk massa adalah dengan cara melalui kompensasi adalah bersifat keperdataan, timbul dari permintaan korban dan dibayar oleh masyarakat/negara atau merupakan wujud pertanggungjawaban masyarakat dan negara, restitusi adalah bersifat pidana, timbul dari putusan pengadilan pidana dan dibayarkan oleh terpidana atau pelaku kejahatan, atau merupakan wujud pertanggungjawaban pidana dan Faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan terjadinya amuk massa adalah faktor sosial budaya, faktor ekonomi, faktor bernuansa “sara” (suku, agama, ras dan antar golongan), faktor kebijakan (tindakan) aparat penegak hukum (Kepolisian)
Kata Kunci : Perlindungan Hukum, Korban, Amuk Massa

Abstract
Mass rage is a form of aspiration that is not conveyed properly. The great upheaval arose because of the aspirations that had been the pent up does not have a container to channel it properly so that a great upheaval occurs. Mass tantrums can also arise because of personal disputes that occur and then escalate into big problems. This is of course very unfortunate, Indonesian culture has declared democracy but the democracy that has been declared has not run smoothly. Legal protection for victims of mob violence is through compensation which is civil in nature, arises from the victim's request and is paid by the community/state or is a form of community and state accountability, restitution is criminal in nature, arises from a criminal court decision and is paid by the convict or the perpetrator of the crime. , or is a form of criminal responsibility and the factors that cause mass riots are socio-cultural factors, economic factors, "sara" nuanced factors (ethnicity, religion, race and between groups), policy factors (actions) law enforcement officers (police)
ANALISIS YURIDIS ASPEK HUKUM BENDA TIDAK BERGERAK SEBAGAI OBJEK JAMINAN FIDUSIA
Authors: S Hendri , Rusniati  
Published: March 2024

Abstrak
Aspek hukum benda tidak bergerak sebagai obyek jaminan fidusia dapat dikategorikan menjadi 3 (tiga) periode yakni : a. masa sebelum UU No. 4 Tahun 1996 tentang Hak Tanggungan; b. masa setelah diberlakukannya UU No. 4 Tahun 1996 tentang Hak Tanggungan, dan : c. masa setelah UU No. 42 Tahun 1999 Tentang Jaminan Fidusia. Ketentuan mengenai objek tidak bergerak di sini adalah untuk mengakomodasi kebutuhan kredit untuk pemilik bangunan tanpa hak atas tanah di mana bangunan ini memiliki nilai ekonomi yang tinggi sesuai dengan prinsip pemisahan horizontal.
Kata Kunci : Aspek Hukum Benda Tidak Bergerak, Jaminan, Fidusia

Abstract
The legal aspects of immovable objects as objects of fiduciary guarantees can be categorized into 3 (three) periods, namely: a. the period before Law no. 4 of 1996 concerning Mortgage Rights; b. period after the enactment of Law no. 4 of 1996 concerning Mortgage Rights, and: c. period after Law no. 42 of 1999 concerning Fiduciary Guarantees. The provisions regarding immovable objects here are to accommodate credit needs for building owners without land rights where this building has a high economic value in accordance with the principle of horizontal separation.
ANALISIS YURIDIS BENTUK DAN BATASAN KEBEBASAN BEREKSPRESI DALAM SISTEM HUKUM INDONESIA
Authors: Asmara Triputra Yuli 
Published: March 2024

Abstrak
Adapun yang perlu di garis bawahi dari materi perundang-undangan mengenai kebebasan berekspresi dan ujaran kebencian adalah penghinaan terhadap penguasa atau badan umum di muka umum, menyiarkan, mempertunjukan atau menempelkan tulisan atau lukisan yang memuat penghinaan terhadap penguasa atau badan umum, penyebaran tindakan asusila, perjudian, pencemaran nama baik, penghinaan, pemerasan atau pengancaman lalu penistaan agama, perbuatan tidak menyenangkan, provokasi menghasut, hoax, yang mengakibatkan diskriminasi serta kekerasan ataupun penghilangan nyawa pada kelompok sosial dan memprovokasi sesorang atau kelompok masyaraakat dalam aspek suku, agama, ras, aliran keagaamaaan, warna kulit, gender, antar golongan, difabel serta orientasi sexual menyimpang baik di muka umum ataupun di media sosial internet. Adapun dalam sistem hukum di Indonesia pemerintah membuat batasan-batasan pada kebebasan berekspresi. Dikarenakan begitu banyaknya ekspresi yang didasari dengan kebencian yang mengakibatkan terciptanya konflik antar individu dan golongan.yang terkait suku, agama, ras dan adat (SARA). Pembatasan kebebasan berekspresi tersebut diatur dalam :Undang-undang KUHP Pasal 207 dan 208, Undang-undang No 19 Tahun 2016 Pasal 27 dan pasal 28, dan Surat Edaran Kapolri No SE/06/X/2015, yang mana pelanggar dari Undang-Undang tersebut dapat dikatakan pelanggaran terhadap Undang-Undang sehingga bisa di kenakan tindak pidana baik berupa kurungan ataupun denda.
Kata Kunci : Kebebasan Berekspresi, Ujaran Kebencian, Sistem Hukum Indonesia

Abstract
As for what needs to be underlined from the material of legislation regarding freedom of expression and hate speech is insulting the authorities or public bodies in public, broadcasting, showing or pasting writings or paintings that contain insults to the authorities or public bodies, spreading immoral acts, gambling. , defamation, humiliation, extortion or threats and then blasphemy, unpleasant acts, inciting provocations, hoaxes, which result in discrimination and violence or loss of life in social groups and provoke a person or community group in terms of ethnicity, religion, race, religious sect , skin color, gender, inter-group, disabled and deviant sexual orientation both in public and on internet social media. As for the legal system in Indonesia, the government places restrictions on freedom of expression. Because there are so many expressions based on hatred that result in the creation of conflicts between individuals and groups related to ethnicity, religion, race and customs (SARA). The restrictions on freedom of expression are regulated in: the Criminal Code Law Articles 207 and 208, Law No. 19 of 2016 Articles 27 and 28, and the Circular Letter of the Chief of Police No SE/06/X/2015, which are violators of these laws. can be said to be a violation of the law so that it can be subject to criminal acts in the form of imprisonment or fines.
Challenges and Opportunities of Implementing Open Access Policies
Authors: Mensah Kwame 
Published: March 2024

Purpose: The aim of the study was to investigate the challenges and opportunities of implementing open access policies in African universities.
Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries.
Findings: The implementation of open access policies in African universities faces significant challenges due to limited infrastructure, funding constraints, and inadequate institutional support. However, these challenges also present opportunities for collaboration, capacity building, and leveraging existing networks to enhance access to scholarly research. By overcoming these barriers through strategic partnerships and targeted investments, African universities can foster greater knowledge dissemination, innovation, and socio-economic development across the continent.
Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Institutional theory, diffusion of innovation theory& resource dependency theory may be used to anchor future studies on the challenges and opportunities of implementing open access policies in African universities. Implementing open access policies in African universities encourages innovation in knowledge management practices, including the development of institutional repositories, metadata standards, and digital preservation strategies. African universities' implementation of open access policies can influence national and regional policy frameworks related to scholarly communication, research funding, and copyright reform.
The United States’ Impact on Panama and the Panama Canal: An Intervention Case Study
Authors: Sullivan Matthew 
Published: March 2024

This paper investigates the history of the Panama Canal and how United States (U.S.) intervention has impacted its growth. The frame of this study (1983-2005) is a time-period that experienced two substantial U.S. interventions within Panama - the removal of the Panamanian leader, General Manuel Noriega, and the transition of sovereignty over the Canal from the U.S. to Panamanian power. This paper looks to explore these two isolated interventions in correlation with changes in economic growth within the Canal Zone. The results of this study will retrospectively demonstrate whether intervention stagnated or boosted economic growth within the Panama Canal, a clear indicator of how U.S. interference impacted Panama. On a larger scale, this study aims to highlight the specific economic impacts of intervention and how future interventional policies may improve based upon past success or failures.
Reduced Parietal Delta and Theta Event Related Oscillations in Alcoholics during Early Visual Processing
Authors: Heur Matthew , Geckle Karl 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
Background: Chronic alcoholism is associated with widespread structural and functional brain changes that underlie cognitive and behavioral deficits. Electroencephalography (EEG) provides insight into the real-time dynamics of altered sensory and cognitive processing in alcoholism. While prior research shows event-related potential (ERP) and event-related oscillations (EROs) differences, less is known about the early timeframes after visual tasks.
Objective: This study aimed to characterize ERO differences between alcoholics and healthy controls using EEG recorded during a visual oddball task, with a focus on the first 100ms post-stimulus.
Methods: Publicly available EEG data from 10 alcoholic and 10 control subjects were analyzed. After preprocessing, time-frequency analysis was conducted to examine spectral power changes in delta (2-4Hz), theta (4-8Hz), alpha (8-12Hz) and beta (12-30Hz) bands. Power differences between 50-100ms were statistically compared between groups.
Results: Alcoholics showed significantly reduced parietal delta (p=0.03996) and theta (p=0.04995) power compared to controls between 50-100ms. Large effect sizes were found for parietal delta (Cohen's d=0.94) and theta (d=0.78). No significant differences were seen in alpha or beta bands.
Conclusion: The pronounced parietal delta and theta reductions likely signify disrupted early sensory encoding and attention orienting in alcoholism. The findings reveal that alcoholism impacts even the initial stimulus registration stages, as evidenced by oscillatory disturbances within the first 100ms. Early EROs could serve as useful endophenotype markers in alcoholism research.
Immunotherapy Using CAR T Cells: Current Challenges and Solutions to Overcome On-Target, Off-Tumor Toxicity
Authors: Gavrila Aidan 
Published: March 2024

Blood cancers like leukemia and lymphoma currently affect approximately 1.3 million Americans and account for about 10% of all cancer related deaths in the US. However, immunotherapies such as chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells have been developed to provide a cure for many of these patients where refractory/relapsed disease was previously a death sentence. Current approaches for CAR T treatment involve the modification of autologous T cells ex vivo in order to engineer these cells with a CAR which binds to a B cell cancer antigen and results in T cell mediated clearance of the target tumor cell. With exception to CD19 and other B cell antigens, targeting other tumor cell types has been largely unsuccessful for many reasons, including antigen escape and on-target off-tumor toxicity (OTOT), which occurs when the target cancer antigen is co-expressed on healthy tissue cells and becomes targeted by the CAR T cell therapy. The purpose of this review is to understand the challenges in antigen escape and OTOT. We will discuss current strategies to overcome these obstacles which allow CAR T therapy to be more applicable to other tumor cell types. We will highlight novel approaches such as logic gated CARs and epitope editing as potential solutions to overcome antigen escape and OTOT.
Assessment of the Global Experience of Strategies for Gender Asymmetry Reduction
Authors: Kireyeva Anel , Kenzheali Yerkezhan 
Published: March 2024

Gender asymmetry often denotes significant gender inequality, encompassing disparities in societal norms, cultural convictions, and historical legacies. This asymmetry results in an unequal distribution of opportunities, resources, and power between individuals of different genders, with one gender often enjoying certain privileges over the other. This article analyzes the effectiveness of implemented and tested strategies in reducing gender asymmetry, with a special focus on four countries such as the United States, Great Britain, Germany and Kazakhstan. Special attention is paid to comparing approaches and results in different countries, which makes it possible to identify the most successful practices and general trends. Despite the implementation of various government policies and standards aimed at achieving equal pay for employees of all genders, women still tend to receive lower salaries compared to their male counterparts, even when they hold similar positions and perform similar job responsibilities. Through meticulous investigation and the application of statistical methodologies, it is attempted to gauge whether these strategies have contributed to a reduction in gender asymmetry, comparing the statistics from 2019 to 2023 for the outcomes’ evaluation. In conclusion, the article offers recommendations for the development and implementation of effective strategies that can be used by governments and organizations to further promote gender equality.
A prospective case-control study of disability, quality of life, and functional impairment of shoulder movements after latissimus dorsi myocutaneous flap reconstruction in breast cancer patients
Authors: Nanda Singh Gitika , Suryavanshi Parijat , Ahmad Shariq , Roy Shubhajeet 
Published: March 2024

Objective: Dysfunction of shoulder movements could be a limiting factor to the use of Latissimus dorsi (LD) flap. This study aimed to assess the impact of LD flap reconstruction on shoulder dysfunction and the quality of life.
Material and Methods: This study comprised 28 early breast cancer cases who underwent breast conserving surgery (BCS) with LD flap and 40 controls. Subjective and objective assessments were done a year later.
Results: Mild and moderate disability were found in 85.71% and 14.3% cases vs. 100% and 0% controls (p= 0.316) respectively. Physical and emotional functioning were 84.29 ± 5.61 and 66.67 ± 6.05 in cases vs. 86.67 ± 8.38 and 70.0 ± 6.84 in controls (p= 0.36, 0.23) respectively. Pain score in cases was 23.8 ± 15.6 vs. 12.17 ± 8.4 in controls (p= 0.018). LD muscle strength in extension was 4.39 ± 0.35 in cases vs. 4.88 ± 0.22 in controls (p< 0.001), 4.43 ± 0.18 for adduction in cases vs. 4.65 ± 0.24 in controls (p= 0.006). ROM of shoulder in flexion was 151.61 ± 4.86° in cases and 153.88 ± 2.36° in controls (p= 0.08), 40.36 ± 3.52° in cases vs. 49.13 ± 1.86° in controls for extension (p< 0.001), in abduction it was 150.54 ± 3.69° in cases vs. 150.00 ± 0.00° in controls (p= 0.518), in adduction was 30.89 ± 4.0° in cases vs. 38.13 ± 1.11° in controls (p< 0.001), in external rotation was 73.57 ± 3.63° in cases vs. 77.63 ± 2.36° in controls (p< 0.001), and internal rotation was 69.46 ± 3.56° in cases vs. 79.00 ± 1.26° in controls (p< 0.001).
Conclusion: We conclude that functional impairment should not be a determining factor for LD flap in breast reconstruction surgery.
Predictive value of drain fluid amylase level on postoperative day one after pancreatic resection for predicting postoperative pancreatic fistula
Authors: Çağrı Büyükkasap Ahmet , Dikmen Kürşat , Yavuz Aydın , Altıner Saygın , Göbüt Hüseyin , Cihangir Emral Ahmet , Bostancı Hasan , Kerem Mustafa 
Published: March 2024

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the predictive value of the first postoperative day (POD1) drain fluid amylase in predicting pancreatic fistula formation following pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD).
Material and Methods: One-hundred and eighty-five prospective patients undergoing PD between April 2014 and April 2018 were studied retrospectively. Cut-off point to predict the development of POPF was determined by median values for drain fluid amylase of 1883 U/L. Patients were classified into two groups according to POD1 drain fluid amylase values: <1883 U/L (Group 1) and ≥1883 U/L (Group 2). Differences between the groups with clinically relevant POPF and without POPF were evaluated.
Results: The incidence of POPF was 17.2%. POD1 amylase level was the strongest predictor of POPF, with levels of higher than 1883 U/L demonstrating the best accuracy (87.5%), sensitivity (78.1%), specificity (89.5%), positive predictive value (60.9%), and negative predictive value (95.1%). One-hundred and forty-four patients (77.8%) had a POD1 drain amylase level of less than 1883 U/L, and POPF developed in only seven (3.7%) cases, whereas in patients with POD1 drain amylase level of 1883 U/L or higher (n= 41), the POPF rate was 31.4% [OR: 22.24, 95% CI (7.930–62.396), p<0.001].
Conclusion: The cut-off point of POD1 drain fluid amylase level (1883 U/L) might predict the clinically relevant POPF with adequate sensitivity and specificity rates in patients undergoing pancreatic resection.
Pathological complete response and associated factors in breast cancer after neoadjuvant chemotherapy: A retrospective study
Authors: Gündoğdu Adnan , Uluşahin Mehmet , Burak Çekiç Arif , Nazlı Kazaz Seher , Güner Ali 
Published: March 2024

Objective: This study aimed to determine clinical and pathological factors that identify a pathological complete response (pCR) in breast cancer patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC).
Material and Methods: A retrospective, single-center study was conducted in women over the age of 18 who had been diagnosed with pathologically confirmed invasive breast cancer and who had received NAC between July 2016 and October 2021. Patient demographics, clinical, radiological, treatment, and pathological data were reviewed from the electronic hospital records. The primary outcome of interest was pCR, defined as the absence of residual invasive breast cancer in both the breast and axillary lymph nodes. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with pCR.
Results: A total of 119 patients were included in the analysis. The distribution of age was 54.5 ± 11.5 years. pCR was observed in 33 (27.7%) patients. pCR for breast tissue was observed in 43 (36.1%) patients. There was no statistically significant relation between the clinical stage and pCR. Age, age at first labor, extent of disease in the breast, NAC completeness, clinical tumor size (cT) stage, clinical lymph node (cN) stage, and molecular subtype were analyzed in a multivariable model. Analysis showed that molecular subtype was the only independent factor related to pCR. pCR rates across molecular subtypes were: 8.7% in luminal-A, 10.8% in luminal-B, 54.5% in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2)-positive, 42.4% in luminal-B (HER-2 positive) and 46.7% in triple-negative. There was no statistically significant difference between luminal-A and luminal-B subgroups (odds ratio 1.15, 95% confidence interval, 0.19-9.35, p= 0.881). Despite the limited number of patients in HER2-positive and triple-negative groups, both demonstrated statistically significant higher odds compared to reference group.
Conclusion: The presented study underscores the relevance of molecular subtypes in determining the response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer patients. Particularly HER2-positive and triple-negative subtypes may demonstrate more favorable response rates.
The Profit-Sharing System in Financing Islamic Banking
Authors: Syah Danial , Rahmadani Gema 
Published: March 2024

Sharia Banking is a business entity that carries out the function of collecting funds from parties with a surplus of funds and then channeling them to parties with a deficit of funds and providing other financial services based on Islamic sharia principles. This article analyzes. This type of research uses normative legal research, using a conceptual approach and a statutory approach as well as the Koran and hadith, primary and secondary. Legal materials obtained and analyzed qualitatively and then presented descriptively. The article aims to explain in general, the principles of sharia financing business activities include justice ('adl), balance (tawazun), kemashlahatan (maslahah), universalism (alamiyah), and do not contain gharar, maisir, usury, zhulm, risywah, and other haram objects. Financing or financing is funding provided by one party to another to support planned investments, both carried out by themselves and institutions. In other words, financing is funding issued to support planned investments. Law Number 10 of 1998 states that financing based on sharia principles is the provision of money or bills that are equated with it based on an agreement or agreement between a bank and another party that requires the financed party to return the money or bill after a certain period of time in return or profit sharing.