bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tissue distribution and quantitation of la‐like antigens in the rat
Authors: Mason D. W. , Gallico G. G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe tissue distribution of a major histocompatibility complex (MHC)‐linked alloantigen in the rat was studied using antiserum raised by alloimmunization in a MHC‐congenic pair of rat strains. HO (Ag‐B5) rats were immunized with HO.B2 (Ag‐B2) skin grafts, and the tissue distribution of antigens recognized by the resultant antiserum was determined by cellular radioimmunoassay using different HO.B2 tissues as targets or immunoabsorbent. Linkage to the rat MHC was formally established by backcross analysis. The results obtained indicated that the tissue distribution of antigens recognized by this antiserum was closely similar to that reported for the distribution of Ia antigens in the mouse. Thus, T cells and thymocytes bound, respectively, 2% and 10% as much antibody as peripheral B cells while no binding to erythrocytes was detectable.Quantitative immunoabsorption studies revealed that thymocytes and kidney tissue had, respectively, 20% and 2% of the absorbing capacity of spleen cells. However, both tissues were capable of completely absorbing out the anti‐B cell activity showing that they both possessed all the Ia‐like specificities detectable by this antiserum on peripheral B cells. A variety of procedures aimed at reducing the passenger leukocyte content of kidneys had only a slight effect on the absorbing capacity.The cellular radioimmunoassay results indicated that on B cells, Ia‐like molecules are a major membrane component, present in amounts comparable with surface immunoglobulin molecules.Studies at the single cell level, using a fluorescence‐activated cell sorter, indicated that the expression of Ia‐like alloantigens by rat thymocytes was very heterogeneous and that large thymocytes were the most heavily labeled. No Ia‐like alloantigens were detected on alloantigen‐activated T cells.The findings are compared with published data on the mouse.
A new surface marker on mouse natural killer cells: Receptors for Helix pomatia A hemagglutinin
Authors: Haller O. , Gidlund M. , Hellström Ulla , Hammarström S. , Wigzell H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractNatural killer (NK) cells in normal mouse spleen have so far been found to lack conventional cell surface markers. Recently, neuraminidase treatment has been shown to uncover receptors for the A hemagglutinin of the snail Helix pomatia (HP) on populations (preferentially T cells) of human blood lymphocytes. We have used HP coupled to Sepharose in columns to fractionate mouse spleen cells. Fractions consisted of passed cells (fraction I) and cells eluted with the competitive hapten N‐acetyl‐D‐galactosamine at either 0.1 mg/ml (fraction II) or 1.0 mg/ml (fraction III). NK activity and percentage of T and B cells in each fraction were determined. B cells were found enriched in fraction I. T lymphocytes, among them alloreactive cytotoxic T cells (CTL), were eluted in fraction III. However, NK activity of normal CBA spleens was highest in fraction II, fraction III was somewhat enriched, whereas fraction I was depleted of lytic activity. Thus, while NK cells possess HP receptors, their binding properties seem to differ from those of CTL. HP receptors represent the first simple and reliable marker detected on NK cells and might be useful for purification of this cell type.
Preparation and characterization of antibodies to the λ chain variable region (Vλ) of mouse immunoglobulins
Authors: Ben‐Neriah Y. , Lonai P. , Gavish M. , Givol D. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe variable portion (VL) of the mouse myeloma protein MOPC‐315 (α, λ2) was obtained from its Fv fragment and was used to immunize rabbits. Anti‐VL antibodies were found to be specific to the VL region of protein 315 and to precipitate VL, Fv or light chain but not Fab' or intact M315. Anti‐VL 315 precipitates also the light chain of MOPC‐104E (μ, λ1) but not the intact protein. Intact immunoglobulins (Ig) containing λ chains, although they do not precipitate with anti‐VL, inhibit the binding of anti‐VL to VL in the radioimmunoassay. Radioimmunoassay inhibition studies demonstrated that Vλ1 and Vλ2 cross‐react extensively and that anti‐VL 315 can be used as a general anti‐Vλ reagent to detect molecules containing λ chains in mouse serum. Analysis of sera from several mouse strains indicated that Vλ‐containing molecules are present in approximately 3% of the Ig population, whereas the SJL strain has no detectable Vλ‐bearing molecules. In some of the antisera, anti‐VL 315 slightly cross‐reacted with VK‐bearing molecules. Anti‐VL 315 antibodies are not anti‐idiotypes since they react with myeloma proteins M315 (anti‐2,4‐dinitrophenyl MOPC‐104E (anti‐dextran) and HOPC‐1 (specificity unknown) and with most serum Ig containing λ chains. In view of the similarity of mouse λ chain sequences, it is suggested that most anti‐VL 315 is “anti‐framework” antibody.
Maternal allotype dominance and allelic exclusion in the B lineage cells of the newborn rabbit
Authors: Loor F. , Kelus A. S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractNewborn rabbits from parents which differ at the b allotype locus (K chain), show a strong maternal allotype dominance, especially in the bone marrow. This concerns not only the membrane but also the cytoplasm, and it cannot be simply due to a passive uptake of maternal immunoglobulins. The spleen precedes the bone marrow for a high level of expression of the paternal allotype. In the thymus, cells which contain cytoplasmic immunoglobulin are found at low frequency, but their absolute number represent a substantial contribution to the B lineage cell pool. A small proportion of such thymus cells do not show allelic exclusion of K chain allotypes.
Specificities in natural cell‐mediated cytotoxicity against lymphoblastoid cell lines I. Selective inhibition by cross‐competition
Authors: Koide Y. , Takasugi M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe apparent nonselective effects of natural cell‐mediated cytotoxicity tested directly on different lymphoblastoid cell targets were found to be quite specific in the cross‐competition assay. The specificity was detected through inhibition of cytotoxicity by competitor cells sharing common specificities with the target cells. Cross‐competition tests were performed employing eight lymphoblastoid lines including four T and four B cells. Selective inhibition observed between lymphoblastoid cell lines indicated that T and B cell lines were more antigenically similar within each group than between them. The target antigens that distinguish T cell from B cell lines have been tentatively called TA‐T and TA‐B.
Time and antigen dose‐dependent variations of IgM antibody affinity
Authors: Neri R. , Pini C. , Vicari G. , Doria G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAffinity of IgM antibodies elicited in mice by a single injection of dinitrophenylated dextran was measured by equilibrium dialysis. Maturation of affinity was found to occur with time, the rate of increase being higher after larger antigen doses. Maturation was followed by a decrease of affinity with time, the fall being more pronounced after lower antigen doses. These findings are more in line with the theory of antigen‐induced diversity rather than with the maturation theory.
Selective participation of immunoglobulin V region and major histocompatibility complex products in antigen binding by T cells
Authors: Lonai P. , Ben‐Neriah Y. , Steinman L. , Givol D. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAntigen‐binding inhibition studies using microscopic autoradiography were performed on T or B cell‐enriched lymphocyte populations. Antibodies specific for the “framework” of immunoglobulin heavy or light chain variable domains (VH or VL), or anti‐H‐2 and anti‐Ia antisera were used. T cell subclasses were separated with anti‐Lyt antisera and complement. It was found that antigen‐binding T cells of different subclasses can be inhibited selectively with only one of the two anti‐V region antibodies. Antigen binding to Lyt‐1+ cells was inhibited by anti‐VH, while Lyt‐2+,3+ cells were inhibited by anti‐VL specifically. Anti‐Ia antisera inhibited unprimed Lyt‐1+ antigen‐binding cells, whereas anti‐H‐2K or anti‐H‐2D antisera inhibited unprimed Lyt‐2+,3+ antigen‐binding cells, and both classes of immune T antigen‐binding cells.
Guinea pig immunoglobulin light chain isotypes II. The preferential expression of lambda chain‐bearing anti‐phenyltrimethylammonium antibodies is associated with restricted variable region expression, but not with any alteration in the proportion of lambda chain constant region isotypes, relative to normal immunoglobulins
Authors: Brunhouse R. F. , Cebra J. J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe inbred strain 13 guinea pig expresses at least three isotypes of immunoglobulin (Ig) lambda (λ) chain. The proportion of these isotypes in normal Ig can be estimated by isolating a constant (C) region cyanogen bromide peptide from λ chains and quantitatively analyzing its component tryptic peptides. Anti‐phenyltrimethylammonium antibody, when analyzed in this way, was found to contain the same proportion of each λ chain C region isotype as did normal Ig.The specific antibody light (L) chain pools were found to contain predominantly λ chains, although these are the minority type in guinea pig normal Ig L chain pools. Moreover, amino‐terminal, 5‐pyrrolidone‐2‐carboxylic acid‐containing peptides isolated from antibody λ chains show no demonstrable sequence heterogeneity, while their homologs isolated from normal λ chains are markedly heterogeneous.That a restriction in heterogeneity of variable region framework residue positions is not associated with any alteration in the proportion of C region isotypes in these antibody λ chains, implies that translocation of all guinea pig λ chain variable region genes to the isotypic C region genes occurs in a random way.
Specific binding of poly(I) · poly(C) to the membrane of murine B lymphocyte subsets
Authors: Diamantstein T. , Blitstein‐Willinger Eveline 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIndirect immunofluorescence revealed that 13% of BALB/c and 33% of CBA spleen cells of B type carry specific binding sites at their surface for double‐stranded poly(I)·poly(C). Pretreatment of BALB/c spleen cells with anti‐mouse immunoglobulin serum increased the number of B cells capable of binding poly(I)·poly(C) indicating the existence of a second B lymphocyte subpopulation carrying masked poly(I)·poly(C)‐binding sites. Pretreatment of the cells with mitogenic doses of either lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or single‐stranded polynucleotides, e.g. poly(I) or double‐stranded poly(A)·poly(U), failed to affect binding of poly(I)·poly(C) to the cells. Poly(I)·poly(C) converts small poly(I)·poly(C)‐binding lymphocytes into lymphoblasts carrying poly(I)·poly(C)‐binding sites. Lymphoblasts derived from LPS‐stimulated cells do not carry poly(I)·poly(C)‐binding sites. Thymocytes or splenic T cells failed to bind poly(I)·poly(C). As measured by thymidine uptake, CBA mice containing a higher percentage of poly(I)·poly(C)‐binding cells, are high responder mice to poly(I)·poly(C), compared with low responder BALB/c mice.
Cell‐mediated immunity to myelin basic protein in Lewis rats made unresponsive to experimental allergic encephalomyelitis
Authors: McGraw T. P. , Swanborg R. H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractLewis rats with experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) exhibited cellmediated immunity to myelin basic protein as determined both with in vivo and in vitro assays. Positive skin test reactions and production of migration inhibitory factor (MIF) were observed before onset and after recovery from EAE. Rats rendered unresponsive to EAE exhibited in vitro cell‐mediated immunity to basic protein, although in vivo manifestations were depressed. However, tolerant rats failed to respond to the encephalitogenic determinant; rats with EAE exhibited cell‐mediated immunity to this region of the molecule. The results indicate that EAE‐unresponsive rats possess lymphocytes capable of responding to basic protein, but that reactivity to the encephalitogenic peptide is suppressed.
H‐2‐linked murine cytotoxic T cell responses specific for sendai virus‐infected cells
Authors: Kurrle R. , Röllinghoff M. , Wagner H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractCBA (H‐2k) mouse‐derived lymphochoriomeningitis virus and herpes simplex virus‐specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes lyse virus‐infected target cells compatible on either the H‐2K or H‐2D region. In contrast, CBA, C3H and AKR (H‐2k) mouse‐derived sendai virus‐specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) fail to lyse H‐2D‐compatible virus‐infected cells. A similar lack of H‐2D region‐associated lytic activity was found with C57BL/6 and C57BL/10 (H‐2b) mice as well as with the recombinants B 10.A (2R) [Kk‐Db]and B10.A (4R) [Kk‐Db]. On the other hand, BALB/c (H‐2d) mice and A/J (H‐2a) mice do generate H‐2Dd‐associated sendai virus‐specific CTL. These results are in contrast to those obtained with (CBA x BALB/c)F1 and B10.HTT [Ks‐Dd] mice, which failed to mount Dd region‐associated CTL responses. It is concluded that D region‐associated sendai virus‐specific CTL responsiveness varies with the H‐2 genotype of the responder cells.
Thymic regeneration after dexamethasone treatment as a model for subpopulation development
Authors: Boersma Wim , Betel Ido , van der Westen Gerard 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThree mouse thymocyte subpopulations with differing sensitivity to dexamethasone were characterized by size and density. Distribution patterns were determined for thymocytes during normal development and during regeneration after treatment with dexamethasone. From these, the subpopulation proportions were calculated and cell population kinetics were evaluated. Medium‐sized low density cells (type III) were least sensitive to dexamethasone and showed a relatively slow regeneration rate. The small cells of intermediate density, “early cortical” cells (type II), exhibited the most rapid regeneration rate, while the growth rate of the small cells of high density (type I) was intermediate. Cells of intermediate and high density were relatively sensitive to dexamethasone. The ratio of the phytohemagglutinin to concanavalin A (Con A) response increased after dexamethasone treatment with the increase in the proportion of type III cells. Con A responses were attributed to type II and type III cells. A tentative multipathway model for intra‐thymic T cell development is presented. Large cells, not confined to a certain trajectory in the density gradient, may represent a pool of proliferating cells of the other three types.
Ontogeny of susceptibility of mouse splenic B cells to tolerance induction in vitro by TNP‐D‐GL
Authors: Goldings Eliot A. , Mosier Donald E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe susceptibility of mouse spleen cells to hapten‐specific tolerance induction of a primary in vitro thymus‐independent antibody response was examined. Both the induction of tolerance by 2,4,6‐trinitrophenyl‐D‐glutamic acid‐D‐lysine (TNP96D‐GL) and of antibody formation (elicited by TNP‐Brucella abortus) in neonatal spleen cell cultures were unaffected by anti‐Thy‐1.2 plus complement treatment. Spleen cells from neonatal mice were only slightly more sensitive to TNP96D‐GL tolerance induction than were cells from adult mice. The difference in susceptibility to tolerance induction was not nearly as great as that predicted by “clonal abortion”‐type theories of B cell tolerogenesis.
Reactivity of monoclonal anti‐melanoma antibodies with melanoma cells freshly isolated from primary and metastatic melanoma
Authors: Steplewski Zenon , Herlyn Meenhard , Herlyn Dorothee , Koprowski Hilary , Clark Wallace H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractHuman melanoma cells, freshly obtained from nine primary and metastatic melanoma cases, were tested for binding of monoclonal anti‐melanoma antibodies produced in vitro by hybridoma clones. Monoclonal anti‐melanoma antibodies bind to melanoma cells but do not react with nonmalignant cells obtained from the same patients or with cells obtained from giant hairy nevus. These results confirm the existence of tumor‐specific antigens. Binding of monoclonal antibodies to melanoma cells of several origins, primary or metastatic, from different patients suggests the existence of tumor antigens shared by human melanoma cells. The binding pattern of different antibodies to various cells also predicts the existence of more than one tumor‐specific antigenic determinant on melanoma cells.
Interferon production in the murine mixed lymphocyte culture. I. Interferon production caused by differences in the H‐2 K and H‐2 D region but not by differences in the I region or the M locus
Authors: Kirchner Holger , Zawatzky Rainer , Schirrmacher Volker 
Published: February 2007

AbstractLittle use has been made previously of the observation that interferon is generated in the murine mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR). We have found high levels of interferon in the supernatants of MLR between spleen cells of mice of different H‐2 type after one to two days of culture. Interferon production was also seen in strain combinations that differed only in the K or D region of the H‐2 complex. There was no production of interferon in strain combinations differing in the M locus or in the I region of the H‐2 complex. The latter combinations are known not to induce cytotoxic effector cells. Thus, there seems to be a dichotomy in allogeneic determinants between those of the I region and of the M locus inducing primarily lymphoprolifertion, and those of H‐2K and H‐2D inducing cytotoxic activity and interferon production.
The functional dissection of human peripheral null cells with respect to antibody‐dependent cellular cytotoxicity and natural killing
Authors: Ozer Howard , Strelkauskas Anthony J. , Callery Richard T. , Schlossman Stuart F. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA null lymphocyte subpopulation was isolated from human peripheral blood using a combination of Ficoll density gradient centrifugation, chromatographic separation of immunoglobulin‐bearing cells on Sephadex G‐200‐anti‐human F(ab'), columns and E rosette sedimentation. Null cell recovery averaged 5% of total peripheral mononuclear cells with greater than 90% purity by surface marker analysis. The purified null subpopulation was markedly enriched for antibody‐dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and natural killing (NK) activity, while the Ig+′ and E' populations were virtually inactive. In the NK assay, the number of recovered lytic units in the null subpopulation was greatly increased over the total lytic units in unf ractionated cell populations, while enrichment in ADCC lytic units was strictly dependent on the concentration of null cells in effector populations. The null cell mediators of both ADCC and NK activity were shown to lack the Ia‐like surface antigen, p 23, 30. The results suggest that both ADCC and NK are mediated by the same population of null cells comprising less than 5% of peripheral lymphocytes and which lack the Ia‐like antigen p 23, 30, as well as mature T and B cell surface markers. The marked enrichment of NK activity in purified null populations suggests that E+ T cells may regulate NK by this subpopulation in vivo.
Specific binding of T lymphocytes to macrophages. IV. Dependence on cations, temperature and cytochalasin B‐sensitive mechanisms
Authors: Lipscomb Mary F. , Ben Sasson Shlomo Z. ‐ , Tucker Thomas F. , Uhr Jonathan W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPeritoneal exudate lymphocytes (PEL) from immune guinea pigs adhere to macrophages carrying the relevant antigen and are thereby stimulated to proliferate in culture. The resultant PEL represent a population highly enriched with regard to their capacity to specifically rebind to antigen‐pulsed macrophages. We have studied the mechanisms underlying specific binding of lymphocytes to macrophages by examining the effects of physical and chemical modifications of the two cell types. Specific binding was inhibited by fixation of cells, metabolic inhibitors, low temperatures, cytochalasin B and divalent cation depletion. After specific binding has taken place, cation depletion, but not cytochalasin B or low temperatures, disrupts binding. These observations indicate that specific binding occurs by a series of discrete events that can be operationally distinguished.
Mitogenic activity of Mycoplasma pulmonis II. Studies on the biochemical nature of the mitogenic factor
Authors: Naot Yehudith , Siman‐Tov Rama , Ginsburg Haim 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe mitogenic activity of Mycoplasma pulmonis has been demonstrated to reside in the membrane of this microorganism. Studies aimed at the identification of the membraneous mitogenic factor have revealed that membrane proteins are essential components of this mitogenic manifestation. In addition, it has been shown that the microorganism's outer surface membrane proteins are responsible for mitogenic activity. It has been shown, however, that isolated membrane lipids are not mitogenic for rat lymphocytes and are not required for the membrane's mitogenic potential.
Strain and sex dependence of carrier‐determined immunologic tolerance to guanosine
Authors: Borel Yves , Stollar B. David 
Published: February 2007

AbstractImmunity and tolerance to guanosine were studied in male and female BALB/c and SJL mice and their hybrid and backcross offspring. Two assays were used to measure the primary and secondary immune response to guanosine keyhole limpet hemocya‐ nin: a Farr assay for circulating antibody and a hemolytic plaque assay for antibody‐ forming cells. SJL mice were higher responders than BALB/c mice. Although both strains of mice were rendered tolerant by guanosine‐isologous IgG, BALB/c mice were more susceptible to tolerance than SJL mice. Males were more easily tolerized than females in both strains of mice. This was best seen in the secondary response of mice made tolerant before primary immunization. Both male and female F1 mice were high responders like the SJL; nevertheless, both sexes were easily tolerized suggesting that tolerance is dominant. Results in backcross animals indicated that the genetic control was more complex than that of a single gene, and that it was neither linked to the gene of the immunoglobulin heavy chain nor to the H‐2 haplotype. Again, females were more resistant than males to tolerance induction. The significance of the sex difference in susceptibility to tolerance to nucleic acid antigens may be related to the female predominance in systemic lupus erythematosus.
Induction and characterization of isogeneic anti‐idiotypic antibodies to BALB/c myeloma S117: lack of reactivity with major idiotypic determinants
Authors: Seppälä Ilkka J. T. , Eichmann Klaus 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIsogeneic anti‐idiotypic antibodies were induced by immunization of BALB/c mice with the BALB/c‐derived myeloma protein S117 which binds N‐acetylglucosamine‐containing antigens including Group A streptococcal carbohydrate (A‐CHO). Most BALB/c mice produced anti‐S 117 idiotypic antibodies, as shown by various different immunization protocols. The antibodies of individual mice were of intermediate to high affinity (2.8 × 106 M−1 to 1.4 × 108M−1). In isoelectric focusing, most individual antibodies were shown to consist of a small number of clonotypes, but each mouse produced its own unique set of clones so that the potential clonal repertoire of strain BALB/c is rather large. Most importantly, all isogeneic anti‐idiotypic antibodies were directed against idiotypic determinants of S 117 that are not shared with induced anti‐A‐CHO antibodies, whereas it has been shown previously that allogeneic and xeno‐geneic anti‐S 117 idiotypic antibodies react with idiotypic determinants unique to S 117 as well as with those that are shared with anti‐A‐CHO antibodies. The data suggest that the expression of S 117 idiotypic determinants in strain BALB/c is not under antibody‐mediated, anti‐idiotypic feedback control.