bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE SIGNIFICANCE OF ABNORMAL GLUCOSE TOLERANCE IN CHILDHOOD*
Authors: COURT J. M. 
Published: March 2008

SYNOPSISThis paper refers to 13 children who were found to have glycosuria on routine testing of urine, but who had no symptoms referable to diabetes. Each child had one or more abnormal glucose tolerance tests on initial testing, but further observations revealed continuing glucose in only 1 child, and normal glucose tolerate in all those retested.The significance of abnormal glucose tolerance ni children without symptoms referabale to diabetes, is discussed. Treatment appropriate to diabetes mellitus is not recommended in the absence of clinical symptoms and with only the evidence of one abnormal glucose tolerance test. Further observations during succeeding months should first be made.
A NEURO‐DEVELOPMENTAL APPROACH TO THE TREATMENT OF CEREBRAL PALSY A PRELIMINARY REPORT*
Authors: REYE CORRIE 
Published: March 2008

SYNOPSISAn attempt has been made to assess the value of a neuro‐developmental approach in the treatment of children with cerebral palsy. Some‘facilitation’techniques used to encourage automatic postural reactions are mentioned and it is emphasized that these patterns are more easily established in the very young before the increased tone or fluctuation of tone has become well established.
THE DISTURBANCES OF VENTILATION IN ACUTE VIRAL BRONCHIOLITIS
Authors: PHELAN P. D. , WILLIAMS H. E. , FREEMAN M. 
Published: March 2008

SYNOPSISRespiratory function studies have been performed on 24 infants with acute viral bronchiolitis. The results of these have demonstrated increased thoracic gas volume and total pulmonary resistance, and decreased dynamic compliance. These changes have reverted to normal within 7 to 10 days of the onset of the illness.
INTRAVENOUS GAMMA GLOBULIN THERAPY OF IMMUNOGLOBULIN DEFICIENCY DISEASES*
Authors: SIMONS M. J. , SCHUMACHER M. J. , FOWLER R. 
Published: March 2008

SYNOPSISThe effect of the intravenous administration of gamma globulin modified by treatment with pepsin and low pH, (I.V.G.G.), has been described. This material has been administered, as routine therapy, to 6 children with immunoglobulin abnormalities. Adequate serum IgG levels were obtained and maintained because the I.V.G.G. could be given in higher dosage than that uusally employed with the intramuscular preparation. Occurrence of untoward reactions to I.V.G.G. were observed and found to be rate dependent. Careful medical supervision is therefore essential during the entire course of the therapy.
TRANSIENT INFANTILE CYANOSIS IN A DIAPHORASE‐DEFICIENT MALE
Authors: HARPER MARGARET A. , ROBIN HELEN , HARLEY J. D. 
Published: March 2008

SYNOPSISA male infant was cyanosed for the first 3 months of life, associated with methaemo‐globin concentrations which fell from 15% of the total haemoglobin concentration initially to near‐normal levels. Large cephalhaematomata were present at birth. The child developed normally except for left‐handedness and retardation of speech development. At 3 years, the methaemoglobin concentration was 3%, and the erythrocytic diaphorase activity approximately 40‐50% of normal. Family studies suggested that the patient was heterozygous for an autosomal mutant gene. The pathogenesis of methaemoglobinaemia in diaphorase deficiency is discussed.
SEASONAL WAVES OF ASTHMA — A GEOGRAPHICAL COMPARISON
Authors: DERRICK E. H. 
Published: March 2008

SYNOPSISAdmissions for asthma to children's hospitals in Brisbane, Sydney, Adelaide and Melbourne for the 3 years 1955‐58 showed a series of seasonal waves. Most of these occurred at related times in all 4 centres, implying that some important precipitating factors operate over a wide geographical range. Spring waves usually appeared successively in Brisbane, Sydney, Adelaide and Melbourne, with an over‐all interval from north to south of about 4 weeks; they occurred in the grass pollen season, particularly in Adelaide and Melbourne, but there are some reservations in accepting pollens as a full explanation. In February‐March, large waves occurred in all 4 centres in 1957, and minor waves in some centres in 1956 and 1958; they were probably related to the spread of infections in young children that follows the opening of the school year. Autumn waves, when present, tended to begin at the same time in the different centres; they were greater and more prolonged in Brisbane than elsewhere.
HISTAMINE BINDING IN SERUM OF CHILDREN WITH ASTHMA
Authors: FREEMAN MAVIS 
Published: March 2008

SYNOPSISInvestigations of sera from asthmatic patients have been undertaken in an attempt to discover basic differences from normal sera.Asthmatic sera are predominantly histaminopexy negative, that is, they do not combine with histamine in vitro. The sera of normal children show the opposite effect.The protein fraction responsible for binding histamine, plasmapexin, has been shown to be associated with gamma globulin.
RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS IN CHILDHOOD A STUDY OF 60 CASES
Authors: ROBINSON M. J. 
Published: March 2008

SYNOPSISA series of 60 children with rheumatoid arthritis has been analysed. The cases are classified as ‘infantile’, ‘adult’ and ‘intermediate’ and the presentation, clinical features, results of investigation are presented. The prognosis is good and only 7 have any significant disability. A further 7 appear to have active disease with an as yet undetermined outcome.
STUDIES OF AUSTRALIAN ABORIGINAL CHILDREN: STREPTOCOCCAL INFECTION, HEART REACTIVE ANTIBODY AND SUBCLINICAL RHEUMATIC CARDITIS
Authors: JOSE D. G. , WELCH J. S. 
Published: March 2008

SYNOPSISElevated erythrocyte sedimentation rates in Australian Aboriginal school children in Queensland indicated a significant incidence of chronic active inflammation. The characteristics of the abnormal group, when compared with suitable controls, were relative retardation of growth, enteric parasites, respiratory infections, elevated serum immunoglobulins G and M, and high carrier rates of group A steptococci. Associated findings suggest that subclinical chronic rheumatic carditis is present in a large number of Aboriginal school children.
DISSEMINATED INTRAVASCULAR COAGULATION
Authors: EKERT H. 
Published: March 2008

SYNOPSISThe occurrence of this condition in a variety of infections and diseases in childhood is described in the light of the clinical, laboratory and autopsy findings in 7 children. The screening tests available are described, and the difficulties of interpretation are discussed, particularly the mechanisms which may be responsible for the paradox of coexisting haemorrhagic and hypercoagulable states.
VARIATIONS IN THE LEVEL OF SERUM PHENYLALANINE WITH AGE
Authors: PITT D. B. 
Published: March 2008

SYNOPSISThe level of phenylalanine in the serum is highest in the first 2 years of life, i.e. a mean of 42.05 mgm/100ml. and thereafter the mean level is about 27.72 mgm/100 ml. This is related to a greater requirement of phenylalanine during the period of maximum growth.
PERCUTANEOUS RENAL BIOPSY IN CHILDHOOD*
Authors: ROY L. P. 
Published: March 2008

SYNOPSISThe results of 109 percutaneous renal biopsies are described. Tissue for diagnosis was obtained in 100 (91.5%) and there were no complications. The indications for biopsy were mainly for the diagnose and prognosis of acute glomerulonephritis, and for the histological diagnosis in the nephrotic syndrome, recurrent haematuria, and acute or chronic renal failure. Biopsy was also performed on a small number of patients with such problems as proteinuria of unknown aetiology, persistent haematuria in the Henoch‐Schönlein syndrome, and lead poisoning with renal insufficiency.It is suggested that with adequate precautions percutaneous renal biopsy is a valuable and safe procedure.
THE PREDICTION OF ADULT STATURE IN TALL GIRLS
Authors: ROCHE A. F. , WETTENHALL H. N. B. 
Published: March 2008

SYNOPSISThe mean error of prediction of mature height in 29 untreated tall girls was similar to that reported for normal children. There was no real tendency to overpredict or under‐predict for the group as a whole. There was, however, a real tendency to overpredict at skeletal ages of 14 years and over, and a definite tendency to underpredict in girls who were retarded skeletally. Predictions should be based on the skeletal age of the hand‐wrist, excluding the carpals, or on the skeletal age of the knee.
A SURVEY OF CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS ON QUEENSLAND ABORIGINAL SETTLEMENTS, 1967*
Authors: JOSE D. G. , SELF M.H.R. , STALLMAN N. D. 
Published: March 2008

In this survey of health in Aboriginal children on 12 settlements and missions in Queensland, the reported births and deaths suggest an infant mortality rate six times higher than the Queensland average, with diarrhoeal disease, respiratory infection, and diseases of the neonatal period accounting for 75% of infant deaths.Children in the post‐weaning period showed retardation of growth, anaemia, and frequent respiratory or enteric infection. The prevalence of hookworm infection has, on the evidence of this and other studies, fallen to low levels, but other enteric parasites were common in this age group.Middle‐ear deafness and rheumatic heart disease are major problems of Aboriginal school children. Hepatomegaly of unknown aetiology was found in all the age groups studied.Laboratory studies showed elevated total serum protein and γ‐globulin fractions, elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rates in many asymptomatic children and, in a limited study, a high prevalence of eosinophilia. Marked geographical variation was found in the occurrence of cold agglutinins, and antibody to group A and B arboviruses. Serclogical reactions for treponemal infections indicated a low prevalence in these communities.General improvement in the health of Aboriginal children and adolescents in the last decade has resulted from control of many diseases, but there are still high morbidity and mortality rates in infants and young children.
PARATYPHOID IN A 13 YEAR OLD GIRL
Authors: ZENTNER G. 
Published: March 2008

SYNOPSISA 13‐year‐old English migrant girl was admitted to a surgical ward with the clinical picture of an acute abdomen. Several features of her presentation were, however, a little unusual, and in fact she was shown to be suffering from paratyphoid fever.The frequency of the enteric fevers and their importance in our community is mentioned, and some of the clinical features are briefly discussed.
THE FIRST KILOGRAM: III. MILK INTAKE AND PROTEIN ALLOWANCES OF LOW BIRTH WEIGHT BABIES CONSUMING POOLED HUMAN MILK
Authors: STEVENS L. H. 
Published: March 2008

SYNOPSISThe mean daily intake of pooled human milk (containing 1.84 ± 0.24 g% protein) was measured during the first and successive postnatal weeks in infants of low birth weight. By the end of the second postnatal week this feeding provided a protein allowance of 3 to 5 gm/Kg/day, largely independent of the infant's sex and perinatal history.
PORTAL HYPERTENSION IN CHILDHOOD
Authors: McEWIN G. R. 
Published: March 2008

SYNOPSISAll cases of portal hypertension seen at the Adelaide Children's Hospital over a 19‐year period have been studied.The causes were noted, and the cases placed in one of two groups: pre‐ or postsinusoidal.The results showed that the two groups differed in their mode of presentation and in the results of investigations. This condition is rare in childhood and the prognosis is poor, but in patients with the presinusoidal type of obstruction in whom a shunt procedure was performed, the prognosis was better when the operation could be delayed unil late childhood or early adolescence.
URINARY CANDIDIASIS FOLLOWING THE HAEMOLYTIC URAEMIC SYNDROME
Authors: HOBDAY J. D. 
Published: March 2008

SYNOPSISThis case report describes the persistence of urinary infection due to Candida albicans for 7 months after successful treatment for the haemolytic uraemic syndrome. Acute systemic dandidiasis, rare in childhood, has features that resemble the haemolytic uraemic syndrome, and the relationship between these two conditions is discussed.
CLINICAL AND PATHOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM INVOLVEMENT IN THE HAEMOLYTIC URAEMIC SYNDROME
Authors: ROONEY J. C. , ANDERSON R. McD. , HOPKINS I. J. 
Published: March 2008

SynopsisMajor clinical neurological features were seen in 13 of 25 consecutive patients with the haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS). Convulsions were present in 11 of these patients Hemiparesis, aphasia, coma, and decerebrate spasms were other manifestations and these were associated with a mortality of 90% compared with an overall mortality of 45%. Two case histories are given in which neurological involvement was the presenting and predominant clinical feature. Neuropathological examination showed hypoxic and/or ischaemic lesions and cerebral oedema as the most frequent changes, but did not reveal distinctive vascular lesions similar to those seen in the kidney. The diagnosis of HUS should be considered in severe acute and subacute encephalopathies of obscure origin in childhood.
CYTOGENICS OF 271 MONGOLS
Authors: SUTHERLAND G. R. , WIENER S. 
Published: March 2008

SYNOPSISThe cytogenic findings in 271 mongols are described and discussed. The cases were ascertained by routine referral and also by total ascertainment studies of institutionalised mongols. 23 of the 271 did not have regular mongol karyotypes. It is suggested that all mongols should be referred for chromosomal studies.
ARTERIALIZATION OF CAPILLARY BLOOD: HISTAMINE IONTOPHORESIS IN ENDOTOXIN SHOCK
Authors: DEAN MARGARET E. 
Published: March 2008

SYNOPSISValues of pO2 obtained from capillary blood by histamine iontophoresis were compared with arterial values both before and after the induction of endotoxin shock in the experimental animal. Capillary blood pO2 levels were found to compare favourably with arterial blood levels in both circumstances. It is suggested that arterialisation of capillary blood by histamine iontophoresis could be used to determine pO2 levels in the acutely ill child when arterial blood is not readily available.
STRANGULATION OF THE LEFT VENTRICLE FOLLOWING HERNIATION THROUGH A CONGENITAL DEFECT IN THE PERICARDIAL SAC
Authors: DADDS V. , MASTERS P. L. 
Published: March 2008

SYNOPSISAn apparently healthy 4 year old boy complained of sudden, persistent, severe back pain associated with vomiting and peripheral circulatory failure. The radiological findings were puzzling and he died, undiagnosed, 36 hours after the onset of symptoms. Necropsy revealed significant cardiac hypertrophy in addition to the findings described in the title.The mechanism of the strangulation and the advisability of prophylactic repair of partial pericardial defects are discussed.
THE MANAGEMENT OF HIRSCHSPRUNG'S DISEASE IN THE NEONATE
Authors: BOWRING A. C. , KERN I. B. 
Published: March 2008

SYNOPSISMost cases of Hirschsprung's disease can be detected in the newborn period at which time the mortality is highest. Our experience with 24 consecutive cases in the newborn is discussed and in the management of aganglionosis in this age group the approach to diagnosis and treatment should be one of urgency; laparotomy should be done with frozen sections available and, if possible, with the bowel previously deflated; a Sieber‐Kiesewetter operation is recommended and the colon distal to the colostomy should be cleared of faeces before the patient is discharged from hospital.
ASSESSMENT OF IRON DEFICIENCY IN CHILDREN WITH CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE
Authors: LOVRIC V. A. , CELERMAJER J. M. , LAMMI A. T. 
Published: March 2008

SYNOPSISIn a prospective study of children aged 6 to 36 months attending the congenital heart clinic, possible underlying iron deficiency was investigated before and after a course of iron therapy. The data obtained with a new fragiligram technique, compared with haemoglobin measurements, clearly show the superiority of the former in assessing iron deficiency, when the haemoglobin levels are in the accepted normal range.
HYPERTENSION DUE TO RADIATION NEPHRITIS IN A CHILD
Authors: LEDITSCHKE J. F. , COOKE R. A. 
Published: March 2008

SYNOPSISA 3 1/2 year old girl received irradiation therapy to the abdomen, including both renal areas, following the surgical removal of a ganglioneuroblastoma. 8 1/2 years later, she developed hypertension which was cured by the removal of the radiation damaged kidney. Radiation nephritis is discussed along with other possible causes of the raised blood pressure.
SPONDYLO‐METAPHYSEAL DYSPLASIA
Authors: GALATIUS‐JENSEN F. , KOZLOWSKI K. 
Published: March 2008

SYNOPSISA case of 7 year old Danish girl with spondylo‐metaphyseal dysplasia is reported. The disease is characterised clinically by shortening of stature and thoracic kyphosis. The radiographic pattern of the vertebral column, metaphyses and round bones of the hands and feet, is diagnostic in this syndrome. Degenerative bone changes supervene early in adult life.
YOLK SAC TUMOUR OF THE OVARY
Authors: ABERDEEN J. D. , SANTAMARIA J. N. 
Published: March 2008

SYNOPSISThis is a report of a rare, very malignant ovarian tumour occurring in a 12 year old Italian girl.An aggressive approach was adopted which included excision of the primary tumour under cover of chemotherapy, followed by a second exploratory laparotomy, and excision of a single pulmonary metastasis.
A REVIEW OF CHEST X‐RAYS OF CENTRAL AUSTRALIAN ABORIGINAL INFANTS AND CHILDREN
Authors: HILLER H. G. 
Published: March 2008

SYNOPSISA 6 year retrospective study of the chest X‐rays, and the relevant reports, of aboriginal infants and children was undertaken. All films had been taken at the Alice Springs Hospital, and a comparative reassessment of the films and the original reports was carried out. All other information obtainable from the films was also studied.
FAMILY RESPONSE TO CYSTIC FIBROSIS
Authors: ALLAN JEAN L. , TOWNLEY R. R. W. , PHELAN P. D. 
Published: March 2008

SYNOPSISThe effects of cystic fibrosis on 50 Victorian families with one or more affected children were examined in a study carried out between August 1972 and February 1973. The social and emotional problems experienced by family members, particularly the patients and mothers, are reported on.At all ages, socially embarrassing symptoms and awareness of being different create major problems for the patient. The uncertainty of prognosis and doubts about the prospects of employment are specially relevant for the teenager. It is suggested that the patient be given ample opportunity, from early adolescence onward, to discuss all aspects of his disease, and that more appropriate provision should be made for the total care of adult patients.Many problems, such as depression, feelings of isolation and the physical demands of constant treatment, which the parents of children with cystic fibrosis experience, are probably similar to those confronting parents of other chronically ill and handicapped children. But special difficulties stem from the genetic basis of cystic fibrosis and from the knowledge of an eventually fatal outcome. The roles of professional members of the medical team are touched on, particularly in relation to genetic counselling and the provision of practical and emotional support to parents. Comments are made on the establishment of lay organisations.The financial strain associated with obtaining regular medical attention was looked at, and suggestions are made for minimizing the economic problems of certain vulnerable families.
THE NITROBLUE TETRAZOLIUM TEST IN MALNOURISHED CHILDREN IN PAPUA NEW GUINEA
Authors: DeBUSE P. J. 
Published: March 2008

SYNOPSISThe Nitroblue Tetrazolium test (NBT) of neutrophil leucocyte function was applied to 20 malnourished and 32 adequately nourished Papua New Guinean children.
AN ANALYSIS OF WHITE AND ABORIGINAL CHILDREN UNDER FIVE YEARS OF AGE ADMITTED TO THE BOURKE DISTRICT HOSPITAL FROM SEPTEMBER 1971 TO AUGUST 1972 1
Authors: KAMIEN M. , CAMERON PAT 
Published: March 2008

SYNOPSISThis study includes all white and Aboriginal children under the age of 5 years admitted to the Bourke District Hospital over a 12 month period. 15% of all white children and 72% of all Aboriginal children in the Bourke shire were admitted to hospital on at least one occasion; Aboriginal children had proportionately 10 times the number of hospital admissions on a population basis.
NEONATAL HAEMOPERITONEUM
Authors: HENDERSON‐SMART D. , YU J. S. , GLASSON M. , MIDDLETON A. 
Published: March 2008

SYNOPSISThe case histories of 23 neonates with haemoperitoneum in the first week of life are reviewed. Ruptured liver was the most common cause (70%) and in this group survival was more related to prompt recognition and resuscitation than to whether laparotomy was performed or not. The volume of blood lost was large and often underestimated. Their characteristic mode of presentation is contrasted with those with haemorrhage from other organs. No matter what the cause, resuscitation is needed as an emergency. Careful clinical, radiological and laboratory assessment should then reveal the diagnosis and determine the need for further treatment and especially laparotomy.
The Problem Asthmatic: Some Significant Perinatal Factors
Authors: McNICOL KENNETH 
Published: March 2008

McNicol, K. (1976).
Aust. paediat. J., 12, 83–87. The problem asthmatic. Some significant perinatal factors. Evidence is presented which suggests that interaction between the mother and child in the early nurturing period may play an important part in determining the pattern and severity of asthma in childhood.There is a significant incidence of various difficulties from the period of the pregnancy, birth, and early weeks of the child's life in those children with early onset of asthma. These difficulties, combined with other possible factors, including a rejecting attitude to the pregnancy and depressive illness in the mother, were all present before the onset of asthma. This suggests that they may be determinants of an abnormal attitude, characterized by excessive anxiety, in the nurturing of this child, which may in turn cause early onset and determine the subsequent chronic nature and severity of the child's asthma.
Childhood Accidents
Authors: ALLAN JEAN L. 
Published: March 2008

Allan, Jean L. (1976).
Aust. paediat. J., 12, 113–117. Childhood accidents. The extent and seriousness of today's childhood accidents and some of the changes which have occurred in the last 20 years are described. The close association and interaction of environmental factors, the victim's personal characteristics, and an adult's lack of awareness as contributing causes, are examined.The cost of accidents, to the individual in death and disablement, and to his family and the community in financial loss, is so enormous that a stage has been reached when prevention can no longer be tackled in a haphazard fashion by an interested few. Instead, a comprehensive preventive programme which involves the whole community must be put into operation.