bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Leadership and Adolescent Girls: A Qualitative Study of Leadership Development
Authors: Hoyt Michael A. , Kennedy Cara L. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThis research investigated youth leadership experiences of adolescent girls who participated in a comprehensive feminist‐based leadership program. This qualitative study utilized a grounded theory approach to understand changes that occurred in 10 female adolescent participants. The words of the participants revealed that initially they viewed leadership in traditional terms and were hesitant to identify themselves as leaders or to see themselves included within their concepts of leadership. Following the program their view of leadership expanded and diversified in a manner that allowed for inclusion of themselves within it. They spoke with greater strength and confidence and felt better positioned and inspired to act as leaders. Participants identified having examples of women leaders, adopting multiple concepts of leadership, and participating in an environment of mutual respect and trust as factors that contributed to their expanded conceptualization.
Recovery from peripartum cardiomyopathy after treatment with bromocriptine
Authors: Habedank Dirk , Kühnle York , Elgeti Thomas , Dudenhausen Joachim W. , Haverkamp Wilhelm , Dietz Rainer 
Published: October 2008

AbstractPeripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) is a potentially devastating cause of heart failure that affects women late in pregnancy or in early puerperium. Recent findings showed that a 16 kDa fragment of prolactin may induce myocardial damage, and this offered a new option of treating PPCM by blocking prolactin with bromocriptine. We report on a 35‐year‐old woman with a twin gravidity who gave birth to two healthy boys at day 36/6 and developed a potentially fatal PPCM. Within 3 days since delivery she suffered from severe symptoms of heart failure (orthopnoea, pleural and pericardial effusion, reduced systolic function LVEF 15%). Bromocriptine 2.5 mg bid was added to standard heart failure therapy at day 6 after delivery, and within a week the patient recovered to NYHA functional class II. 2 months later she presented in a good state, NYHA class I, and MRI confirmed an LVEF of 60%. Balancing the potential side effects of bromocriptine against the very poor prognosis in severe PPCM our case supports the use of bromocriptine as a specific novel therapy.
Body mass index (BMI) of drug-naïve psychotic adolescents based on a population of adolescent psychiatric inpatients
Authors: Juutinen Jaana , Hakko Helinä , Meyer-Rochow V. Benno , Räsänen Pirkko , Timonen Markku ,   The STUDY-70 research group
Published: October 2008

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the connection between overweight and first-episode schizophrenia spectrum as well as non-schizophrenia spectrum psychiatric disorders in adolescent male and female drug-naïve psychiatric inpatients, whose illness was early onset.MethodThree hundred twenty-three adolescents with no past or present psychiatric medication, 12–17 years of age, admitted to the psychiatric inpatient care (Oulu University Hospital, Northern Finland) between April 2001 and March 2006. DSM-IV diagnoses were based on the “Schedule for Affective Disorder and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children Present and Lifetime” (K-SADS-PL). An adolescent was defined as overweight if his or her BMI was greater than or equal to the 85th percentile.ResultsOverweight values were highest in drug-naïve adolescent boys with first-episode schizophrenia spectrum (RR: 2.5, 95%CI: 1.08–4.29) and non-schizophrenia spectrum (RR: 2.80, 95%CI: 2.20–3.45) disorders. The RR in girls with non-schizophrenia spectrum disorders was 1.73 (95%CI: 1.31–2.23), but in those with first-episode schizophrenia spectrum disorders RR did not differ from general population.ConclusionsIn our study sample of first-episode schizophrenia spectrum drug-naïve adolescents, overweight was shown to be prevalent in all diagnostic groups other than first-episode schizophrenia spectrum psychotic girls. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study in which overweight was analyzed and verified among drug-naïve adolescent boys, suffering from first-episode schizophrenia spectrum disorder. To what extent our results are applicable to other regions and study groups, remains to be seen.
Early detection of psychosis – Establishing a service for persons at risk
Authors: Schultze-Lutter Frauke , Ruhrmann Stephan , Klosterkötter Joachim 
Published: October 2008

AbstractPurposeThe establishment phase of an early detection centre for prodromal psychosis is introduced and characterised, along with its detaining and promoting factors within a universal multi-payer health care system.MethodAcross the first six years (1998–2003), users' characteristics are compared between different diagnostic groups and to the local population statistics; and, for an exemplary 12-months period (3-1-2002 to 2-28-2003), the characteristics of telephone contacts with the service are studied.ResultsRising steadily in number across the first three years, 872 persons, predominately of German citizenship and higher education, consulted the service until 2003, 326 with first-episode psychosis and 144 not fulfilling criteria for a current or beginning psychosis. Of the 402 putatively prodromal patients, 94% reported predictive basic symptoms, 68.9% attenuated and 20.6% transient psychotic symptoms. Most contacts by persons meeting any prodromal criterion were initiated by mental health professionals (psychiatrists or psychologists) and counselling services.ConclusionSupported by public awareness campaigns, an early detection service is well received by its users and private practitioners as reflected by the large proportion of referrals from the latter. However, persons of non-German background as well as of lower education were underrepresented indicating that these sub-groups should be approached by tailored programmes.
Infracoccygeal sacropexy for uterovaginal prolapse
Authors: Deffieux Xavier , Desseaux Krystel , de Tayrac Renaud , Faivre Erika , Frydman René , Fernandez Hervé 
Published: October 2008

AbstractObjectiveTo report on the efficacy and safety of infracoccygeal sacropexy for the treatment of uterovaginal prolapse.MethodA retrospective analysis of 87 women who underwent an infracoccygeal sacropexy procedure, 53 receiving a multifilament and 34 receiving a monofilament tape.ResultsThe mean follow‐up was 27 months. Postoperative perineal pain was reported by 7 women (10%), and dyschesia and dyspareunia were observed de novo in 4 (5%) and 5 women (6%), respectively. There were 5 cases (9%) of vaginal extrusion and 9 cases (18%) of prolapse recurrence in the multifilament tape group, and in the monofilament tape group there were no cases of vaginal extrusion and 4 cases (14%) of prolapse recurrence (P = 0.79 for prolapse recurrence). The recurrence‐free survival curves of the 2 groups were similar. Univariate analysis revealed no independent factors of recurrence.ConclusionAlthough infracoccygeal sacropexy was found to be associated with few prolapse recurrences, complications were not rare.
Discontinuous solutions of the boundary-layer equations
Authors: RUBAN A. I. , VONATSOS K. N. 
Published: October 2008

Since 1904, when Prandtl formulated the boundary-layer equations, it has been presumed that due to the viscous nature of the boundary layers the solution of the Prandtl equations should be sought in the class of continuous functions. However, there are clear mathematical reasons for discontinuous solutions to exist. Moreover, under certain conditions they represent the only possible solutions of the boundary-layer equations.In this paper we consider, as an example, an unsteady analogue of the laminar jet problem first studied by Schlichting in 1933. In Schlichting's formulation the jet emerges from a narrow slit in a flat barrier and penetrates into a semi-infinite region filled with fluid which would remain at rest if the slit were closed. Assuming the flow steady, Schlichting was able to demonstrate that the corresponding solution to the Prandtl equations may be written in an explicit analytic form. Here our concern will be with unsteady flow that is initiated when the slit is opened and the jet starts penetrating into the stagnant fluid. To study this process we begin with the numerical solution of the unsteady boundary-layer equations. Since discontinuities were expected, the equations were written in conservative form before finite differencing. The solution shows that the jet has a well-established front representing a discontinuity in the velocity field, similar to the shock waves that form in supersonic gas flows.Then, in order to reveal the ‘internal structure’ of the shock we turn to the analysis of the flow in a small region surrounding the discontinuity. WithRedenoting the Reynolds number, the size of the inner region is estimated as an orderRe−1/2quantity in both longitudinal and lateral directions. We found that the fluid motion in this region is predominantly inviscid and may be treated as quasi-steady if considered in the coordinate frame moving with the jet front. These simplifications allow a simple formula for the front speed to be deduced, which proved to be in close agreement with experimental observation of Turner (J. Fluid Mech.vol. 13 (1962), p. 356).
Widening the Colonial Encounter: Asian Connections Inside French Indochina During the Interwar Period
Authors: GOSCHA CHRISTOPHER E. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractRelying on three inter-Asian colonial debates from French Indochina, this paper attempts to widen our analytical approach to the study of colonialism in Indochina beyond the ‘colonizer’–‘colonized’ opposition by factoring in the relationships among the diverse Asian colonized living within the colonial state without downplaying the important role Western colonialism played in transforming those very relationships or being affected by them. The French Indochinese case is helpful, for it suggests that inter-Asian connections did anything vanish, but rather intensified because of the colonial experience. Numerous Lao, Khmer, Vietnamese and Chinese subject elites continued to engage each otherandthe French in fascinating and sometimes heated debates about the political, legal, cultural and economic place each group held in French Indochina – or did not want to hold. This directly affected how they came to interact with one another in new ways, essential to understanding the complexity of the colonial encounter at the time and can provide new insights into post-colonial and international history. Lastly, this wider approach to studying the colonial encounter allows us to view the French side of the colonial equation from a new vantage point.
Radiation-hydrodynamics simulations of surface convection in low-mass stars: connections to stellar structure and asteroseismology
Authors: Ludwig Hans-G. , Caffau Elisabetta , Kučinskas A. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractRadiation-hydrodynamical simulations of surface convection in low-mass stars can be exploited to derive estimates of i) the efficiency of the convective energy transport in the stellar surface layers; ii) the convection-related photometric micro-variability. We comment on the universality of the mixing-length parameter, and point out potential pitfalls in the process of its calibration which may be in part responsible for the contradictory findings about its variability across the Hertzsprung-Russell digramme. We further comment on the modelling of the photometric micro-variability in HD 49933 – one of the first mainCOROTtargets.
Large-scale numerical simulations: Convection in an annular channel rotating about a vertical axis with side-walls
Authors: Chang Yingli , Liu Yu 
Published: October 2008

AbstractFor the purpose of understanding the dynamics of planetary atmospheres, we use the annular convection model to simulate the dynamics of atmospheres of Jupiter and Saturn. The model (annular channel) rotates about a vertical axis with side-walls, and it is heated from below.We use the software NaSt3DGP (a parallel software package to solve the 3D incompressible fluid dynamic problems in Cartesian coordinates by using Finite Difference Method) for the computation. It's reliability is tested by our application to simulate fully three-dimensional nonlinear convection in a box with lateral stress-free side-walls, uniformly heated from below. We found that, at moderately large Rayleigh numbers, the complex formation of multiple-jet flows can be maintained by the traveling convective eddies; we also found that the type of the sidewall velocity condition does not play an essential role in determining the primary properties of strongly nonlinear convection.
A large sample of low surface brightness disk galaxies from SDSS
Authors: Zhong G. H. , Liang Y. C. , Deng L. C. , Zhang B. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractWe present the properties of a large sample (12,282) of nearly face-on low surface brightness disk galaxies selected from the main galaxy sample of SDSS-DR4. Those properties includes B-band central surface brightness μ0(B), scale lengths h, distances D, integrated magnitudes, colors and some resulted relations. This sample has μ0(B) from 22 to 24.5 mag arcsec−2 with a median value of 22.44 mag arcsec−2. They are quite bright with MB taking values from −18 to −23 mag with a median value of −20.08 mag. The disk scale lengths h are from 2 kpc to 19 kpc. There exist clear correlations between log h and MB, log h and log D. Both the optical-optical and optical-NIR color-color relations show most of them have a mix of young and old stellar populations.
Progress report on solar age calibration
Authors: Houdek G. , Gough D. O. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractWe report on an ongoing investigation into a seismic calibration of solar models designed for estimating the main-sequence age and a measure of the chemical abundances of the Sun. Only modes of low degree are employed, so that with appropriate modification the procedure could be applied to other stars. We have found that, as has been anticipated, a separation of the contributions to the seismic frequencies arising from the relatively smooth, glitch-free, background structure of the star and from glitches produced by helium ionization and the abrupt gradient change at the base of the convection zone renders the procedure more robust than earlier calibrations that fitted only raw frequencies to glitch-free asymptotics. As in the past, we use asymptotic analysis to design seismic signatures that are, to the best of our ability, contaminated as little as possible by those uncertain properties of the star that are not directly associated with age and chemical composition. The calibration itself, however, employs only numerically computed eigenfrequencies. It is based on a linear perturbation from a reference model. Two reference models have been used, one somewhat younger, the other somewhat older than the Sun. The two calibrations, which use BiSON data, are more-or-less consistent, and yield a main-sequence aget⊙= 4.68 ± 0.02 Gy, coupled with a formal initial heavy-element abundanceZ= 0.0169 ± 0.0005. The error analysis has not yet been completed, so the estimated precision must be taken with a pinch of salt.
Stellar Evolution from AGB to Planetary Nebulae
Authors: Kwok Sun 
Published: October 2008

AbstractPlanetary nebulae are formed by an interacting winds process where the remnant of the AGB wind is compressed and accelerated by a later-developed fast wind from the central star. One-dimensional dynamical models have successfully explained the multi-shell (bubble, shell, crown, haloes) structures and the kinematics of planetary nebulae. However, the origin of the diverse asymmetric morphology of planetary nebulae is still not understood. Recent observations in the visible, infrared, and the submillimeter have suggested that the AGB mass loss becomes aspherical in the very late stages, forming an expanding torus around the star. A fast, highly collimated wind then emerges in the polar directions and carves out a cavity in the AGB envelope to form a bipolar nebula. Newly discovered structures such as concentric arcs, 2-D rings, multiple lobes, and point-symmetric structures suggest that both the slow and fast winds may have temporal and directional variations, and precession can play a role in the shaping of planetary nebulae. In this paper, we review the latest observations of planetary nebulae and proto-planetary nebulae and discuss the various physical mechanisms (rotation, binary, magnetic field, etc) that could lead to the observed morphologies.
AGB star models. Results from 1D stellar evolution and multi-dimensional hydrodynamics simulations
Authors: Herwig Falk 
Published: October 2008

AbstractIn this review I am discussing the current state of simulating the internal evolution of AGB stars. Recent work on AGB stars include the effect of rotation, magnetic fields and internal gravity waves, as well as thermohaline mixing induced by the3He +3He pp-chain reaction. Hydrodynamic simulations of the interior convection of AGB stars are now becoming available, giving insights to convective boundary mixing, for example for He-shell flash convection. At very low metallicity convective-reactive events are encountered in AGB stars (as well as in massive stars), and the necessity of hydrodynamic simulations to address this difficult phase of stellar evolution is emphasized.
The Structure and Kinematics of Envelope around Red Supergiant AH Sco Traced by SiO Masers
Authors: Chen X. , Shen Z.-Q. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractObservations of 43 GHz v = 1, J = 1−0 SiO masers in the circumstellar envelope of the M-type semi-regular variable star AH Sco were performed with the Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) at 2 epochs in March 2004. These high-resolution VLBA images reveal that the distribution of SiO masers is roughly on a persistent elliptical ring with the lengths of the major and minor axes of about 18.5 and 15.8 mas, respectively, along a position angle of 150°. The 3-dimensional kinematics model-fitting for proper motions and spatial distributions of maser features clearly indicates that the SiO maser shell around AH Sco was undergoing an overall contraction to the star at a velocity of 15 km s−1 at a distance of 2.26 kpc to AH Sco due to the gravitation of the central star.
Dust Size Effect On IR Colors Of AGB Stars
Authors: Wang Huan , Jiang B. W. , Szczerba R. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractWith the Mie theory and the radiative transfer model, we studied the effect of dust size on the infrared color indexes concerning special filters used in the space infrared missions and typical filters in the near-infrared, of AGB stars with typical oxygen-rich and carbon-rich dust shells. It is found the most affected bands are the near-infrared bands JHK and the Spitzer IRAC bands, meanwhile the wavebands with reference wavelength longer than 10 μm is little affected. The effect increases fast with the mass loss rate. We also discussed the potential to distinguish the O-rich and C-rich dusts, and the difference in IR colors between the AGB stars and other IR sources like YSOs and galaxies.
60Fe and Massive Stars
Authors: Wang Wei 
Published: October 2008

AbstractGamma-ray line emission from radioactive decay of60Fe provides constraints on nucleosynthesis in massive stars and supernovae. We detect the γ-ray lines from60Fe decay at 1173 and 1333 keV using three years of data from the spectrometer SPI on boardINTEGRAL. The average flux per line is (4.4 ± 0.9) × 10−5ph cm−2s−1rad−1for the inner Galaxy region. Deriving the Galactic26Al gamma-ray line flux with using the same set of observations and analysis method, we determine the flux ratio of60Fe/26Al gamma-rays as 0.15 ± 0.05. We discuss the implications of these results for the widely-held hypothesis that60Fe is synthesized in core-collapse supernovae, and also for the closely-related question of the precise origin of26Al in massive stars.
Exploring the nucleosynthesis region of metal-poor Stars
Authors: Geng Yuan-Yuan , Cui Dong-Nuan , Zhang Jiang , Zhang Bo 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe chemical abundances of the very metal poor double-enhanced stars are excellent information to set new constraints on models of neutron-capture processes at low metallicity. There have been many theoretical studies of s-process nucleosynthesis in low-mass AGB stars. Using the parametric approach based on the radiative s-process nucleosynthesis model, we calculate the following five parameters for a series of metal-poor stars. They are: the mass fraction of 13C pocket q, the overlap factor r, the neutron exposure per interpulse Δτ, and the component coefficients that correspond to relative contribution from the s-process and the r-process. We find that the mass fraction of 13C pocket q deduced for the Pb stars is comparable to the overlap factor r, which is about 10 times larger than normal AGB model; q ~ 0.05; and the neutron exposure per interpulse Δτ for all Pb stars are about 10 times smaller than the ST case (Δτ ~ 7.0mb−1). Although the two fundamental parameters Δτ and q obtained for the Pb stars are very different from the AGB stellar model, the results of the larger value of q and the smaller value of Δτ can also explain the abundance distribution of the Pb stars. This suggest that the q change to larger than that of normal AGB model. Then, this factor will result in the descent of the density of 13C in the nuclear synthesis region directly. So, the neutron exposure Δτ will also decrease to the same extent. Although the neutron number density in the larger initial mass AGB stars (m > 3M⊙) is high, the neutron irradiation time is shorter, obviously the neutron exposure per interpulse in the AGB stars should be smaller. It is noteworthy that the total amount of 13C in metal poor condition is close to the ST case, which is consistent with the primary nature of the neutron source.
Study on the spectrum of the injected relativistic protons
Authors: Wang Y. P. , Lu Y. , Chen L. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractAbout 10 TeV γ-ray emission within 10 pc region from the Galactic Center had been reported by 4 independent groups. Considering that this TeV γ-ray emission is produced via a hadronic model, and the relativistic protons came from the tidal disruption of stars by massive black holes, we investigate the spectral nature of the injected relativistic protons required by the hadronic model. The calculation was carried on the tidal disruption of the different types of stars and the different propagation mechanisms of protons in the interstellar medium. Compared with the observation data from HESS, we find for the best fitting that the power-law index of the spectrum of the injected protons is about −1.9, when a red giant star is tidally disrupted, and the effective confinement of protons diffusion mechanism is adopted.
Rotational mixing in close binaries
Authors: de Mink S. E. , Cantiello M. , Langer N. , Yoon S.-Ch. , Brott I. , Glebbeek E. , Verkoulen M. , Pols O. R. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractRotational mixing a very important but uncertain process in the evolution of massive stars. We propose to use close binaries to test its efficiency. Based on rotating single stellar models we predict nitrogen surface enhancements for tidally locked binaries. Furthermore we demonstrate the possibility of a new evolutionary scenario for very massive (M > 40M⊙) close (P < 3 days) binaries: Case M, in which mixing is so efficient that the stars evolve quasi-chemically homogeneously, stay compact and avoid any Roche-lobe overflow, leading to very close (double) WR binaries.