bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing the Impacts of Maritime Freight Rates on Global Beef Trade
Authors: Hossen Md Deluair , Muhammad Andrew 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTIn this study, we examine the impact of container freight rates on global beef import demand by source. We address key questions about the effects of rising freight rates on major beef exporters such as Australia, the United States, and Brazil. Our estimates reveal varying global price and import demand effects, with significant declines in trade volume when freight rates double. The global import demand for beef from major exporters decreases by 7% (Ireland) to 27.6% (Uruguay), underscoring the critical role of transportation costs in shaping international beef trade. Countries like Argentina, Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and Uruguay experience more than a 20% decrease in global import demand with a doubling of freight rates. Interestingly, despite the proximity of the United States to major markets like China, Japan, and South Korea, beef imports from Brazil and Australia are more impacted by freight rates than U.S. beef.
Multiphysics and multizone modeling of electrically switched ion exchange with self‐driven adsorption for Li+ extraction
Authors: Zhang Xuefeng , Pei Tong , Gao Fengfeng , Du Xiao , Zhang Zhonglin , Xing Lei , Liu Zhong , Li Jun , Hao Xiaogang 
Published: February 2025

AbstractElectrically switched ion exchange (ESIX) is a promising approach for extracting Li+ from brines with high Mg/Li ratios. However, the effect of operating conditions and film electrode parameters on electrochemical performance remains unclear. Herein, a dynamic multiphysics and multizone model was developed to describe the ESIX process with self‐driven adsorption, using an LMO/PPy electrode pair for ion and charge transport. The results revealed that a flow velocity of 0.0125 m/s and a PPy/LMO mass ratio of 15:1 can effectively reduce Li+ concentration polarization and activate electroactive sites, respectively. Additionally, the high solid volume fraction of LMO particles increases the concentration difference of electroactive sites, thereby enhancing Li+ extraction performance. Meanwhile, low currents (≤25 mA/g) narrow the gap between the interfacial exchange current and the applied current, hence improving Li+ extraction efficiency. This model serves as an efficient in‐silico tool for designing and optimizing electrochemical Li+ extraction processes.
The effect of ionic liquid [Bmim][BF4] on the kinetics of CO2 desorption in amine solutions
Authors: Jia Rui‐Qi , Xue Zhi‐Yuan , Liang Shuang , Chu Guang‐Wen , Zhang Liang‐Liang , Chen Jian‐Feng 
Published: February 2025

AbstractHere, the effect of ionic liquid (IL) on the kinetics of CO2 desorption in amine solutions was investigated. N‐(2‐aminoethyl) ethanolamine (AEEA) and N,N‐diethylethanolamine (DEEA) were used as representatives of primary/secondary and tertiary amines. Results indicated that IL had a promoting effect on AEEA, but not on DEEA. The initial desorption rate of AEEA can be improved by up to 36.4%. Kinetics for IL‐activated AEEA was developed through a modified Arrhenius equation, and the activation energy was 38.48 kJ/mol, which was 10.7% lower than that of AEEA. The species distribution was monitored by 13C NMR, which showed that the IL was not directly involved in the reaction, but might activate desorption through hydrogen bonding. Furthermore, theoretical calculations revealed that the IL can form hydrogen bonding with carbamate during the desorption of primary/secondary amines to lower the energy barrier for the zwitterion formation reaction, while only weaker hydrogen bonding was formed during the desorption of tertiary amines.
A conceptual model for co‐developing a culturally tailored intervention for Latina immigrant caregivers of children with disabilities
Authors: Suarez‐Balcazar Yolanda , Yu Amy Pei‐Lung , Brown Stephany , Brown‐Hollie Jasmine , Crostley Adriana , Parra‐Medina Deborah , Saenz Mariela , Mirza Mansha , Velasquez Aileen , Vanegas Sandra , Magaña Sandy 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe growing diversity of the U.S. population, partly due to immigration, has called attention to scholars and practitioners to attend to immigrants' cultural beliefs, values, and ways of doing when designing interventions to promote health and wellbeing. In this paper, we propose a contextual and dynamic model for co‐developing a culturally tailored intervention with the community to advance equity and empowerment of Latinx immigrant caregivers of children with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD). Grounded in the literature and voices of the community, the proposed model includes six interactive dimensions (LARREDS) that guided the development of the PODER Familiar intervention described here. These include language and linguistic preferences; accessibility factors; reflecting the group's values, ways of thinking and doing; reflecting generational differences; dimensions of delivery and learning style; and the social, ecological, and cultural environment. Informed by principles of family engagement, the model also includes eight strategies for engaging caregivers throughout the intervention. The conceptual model was co‐developed with promotoras who also provided input on the PODER Familiar intervention. While describing the model in action, we highlight the voices of the promotoras. The implications of culturally tailored interventions and the application of the model to designing interventions for other migrant populations are discussed.
Exploring the co‐morbid relationship between Alzheimer's disease and lung cancer in the 5xFAD transgenic mouse model
Authors: Li Mingfeng , Wu Xinghan , Jiang Lin , Liu Min , Yanju Gong , Li Xiaomeng , Tian Fan , Ye Fan , Wang Jinlong , Wang Siyuan , Qin Chuan , Zhang Ling 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBackgroundAlzheimer's disease (AD) and lung cancer are leading causes of mortality among the older population. Epidemiological evidence suggests an antagonistic relationship between them, whereby patients with AD exhibit a reduced risk of developing cancer and vice versa. However, the precise mechanism by which AD antagonizes lung cancer progression warrants further elucidation.MethodsTo this end, we established a co‐morbidity model using 5xFAD transgenic mice induced with the carcinogen urethane. We visualized and quantified surface lung tumor colonies, assessed pathological parameters associated with lung cancer and AD using histopathological analysis, and employed single‐cell sequencing and molecular pathological analyses to explore the mechanisms by which AD confers resistance to lung cancer.ResultsOur findings revealed a significant reduction in lung tumor incidence in the AD group compared with that in the wild‐type (WT) group. The results indicated a close association between AD‐induced inhibition of lung tumor progression and iron homeostasis imbalance and increased oxidative stress. Moreover, greater CD8+ T cytotoxic lymphocyte and effector natural killer cell infiltration in the lung tumor tissues of AD mice and enhanced CD8+ T cytotoxic lymphocyte‐mediated killing of target cells may be the primary factors contributing to the inhibition of lung tumor growth in the presence of AD.ConclusionThis study identified essential mechanisms through which AD suppresses lung tumorigenesis, thereby providing targets for potential therapeutic interventions in these diseases.
Vitamin B12 Levels Association with Functional and Structural Biomarkers of Central Nervous System Injury in Older Adults
Authors: Beaudry‐Richard Alexandra , Abdelhak Ahmed , Saloner Rowan , Sacco Simone , Montes Shivany C. , Oertel Frederike C. , Cordano Christian , Jabassini Nour , Ananth Kirtana , Gomez Apraham , Keihani Azeen , Chapman Makenna , Javvadi Sree , Saha Shikha , Staffaroni Adam , Songster Christopher , Warren Martin , Boscardin John W. , Kramer Joel , Miller Bruce , Miller Joshua W. , Green Ralph , Green Ari J. 
Published: February 2025

ObjectiveVitamin B12 (B12) plays a critical role in fatty‐ and amino‐acid metabolism and nucleotide synthesis. While the association between B12 deficiency and neurological dysfunction is well‐known, the exact threshold for adequacy remains undefined in terms of functional impairment and evidence of injury. The objective was to assess whether B12 levels within the current normal range in a cohort of healthy older adults may be associated with measurable evidence of neurological injury or dysfunction.MethodsWe enrolled 231 healthy elderly volunteers (median age 71.2 years old) with a median B12 blood concentration of 414.8 pmol/L (as measured by automated chemiluminescence assay). We performed multifocal visual evoked potential testing, processing speed testing, and magnetic resonance imaging to assess neurological status. Moreover, we measured serum biomarkers of neuroaxonal injury, astrocyte involvement, and amyloid pathology.ResultsLow (log‐transformed) B12, especially decreased holo‐transcobalamin, was associated with visual evoked potential latency delay (estimate = −0.04; p = 0.023), processing speed impairment (in an age‐dependent manner; standardized β = −2.39; p = 0.006), and larger volumes of white matter hyperintensities on MRI (β = −0.21; p = 0.039). Remarkably, high levels of holo‐haptocorrin (biologically inactive fraction of B12) correlated with serum levels of Tau, a biomarker of neurodegeneration (β = 0.22, p = 0.015).InterpretationHealthy older subjects exhibit neurological changes at both ends of the measurable “normal” B12 spectrum. These findings challenge our current understanding of optimal serum B12 levels and suggest revisiting how we establish appropriate nutritional recommendations. ANN NEUROL 2025
Efficacy and Safety of Dual Antiplatelet Treatment up to 72 Hours in Acute Ischemic Stroke Stratified by Glycemic Status
Authors: Zhou Qi , Gao Ying , Chen Weiqi , Johnston S. Claiborne , Amarenco Pierre , Bath Philip M. , Wang Xuan , Yan Hongyi , Wang Tingting , Yang Yingying , Zhang Yanli , Yang Qingwu , Wang Mengxing , Jing Jing , Wang Chunjuan , Wang Yongjun , Wang Yilong , Pan Yuesong 
Published: February 2025

ObjectiveThe objective was to investigate the efficacy and safety of clopidogrel‐aspirin versus aspirin alone in patients after ischemic stroke by glycemic status using data from the Intensive Statin and Antiplatelet Therapy for Acute High‐risk Intracranial or Extracranial Atherosclerosis (INSPIRES) trial.MethodsPatients with mild ischemic stroke or high‐risk transient ischemic attack (TIA) were randomized to clopidogrel‐aspirin or aspirin alone. They were categorized into 3 subgroups according to glycemic status based on medical history and diagnosis by a clinician during hospitalization: without type 2 diabetes mellitus, with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes, and with a history of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The primary efficacy and safety outcomes were new stroke and moderate‐to‐severe bleeding risk within 90‐day follow‐up.ResultsA total of 6,100 patients were enrolled (3,050 in each arm), with a median age of 65 years (interquartile range [IQR], 57–71) and 2,185 female (35.8%). Clopidogrel‐aspirin treatment was associated with a reduction in recurrent stroke compared with aspirin alone in patients without type 2 diabetes mellitus (6.3% vs 8.4%; hazard ratio [HR], 0.75; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.59–0.94; p = 0.01) and those with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (5.8% vs 13.0%; HR, 0.30; 95% CI, 0.14–0.66; p = 0.002), but not in those with a history of type 2 diabetes mellitus (10.0% vs 9.9%; HR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.72–1.33; p = 0.88) (p for interaction = 0.03). Moderate‐to‐severe bleeding events did not differ significantly by treatment across glycemic subgroups.InterpretationIn the INSPIRES trial, patients without or with type 2 diabetes mellitus derived greater benefit from clopidogrel‐aspirin than those with a history of type 2 diabetes mellitus after mild ischemic stroke or high‐risk TIA.Trial RegistrationINSPIRES, NCT03635749. Registered 15 August 2018, https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?cond=NCT03635749. ANN NEUROL 2025
Step‐Edge Guided Homoepitaxy Enables Highly Reversible Zn Plating/Stripping
Authors: Chen Shuang , Luo Zhen , Xia Yufan , Wu Xingxing , Wang Kebing , Yan Mi , Pan Hongge , Bin Xu Ben , Jiang Yinzhu 
Published: February 2025

AbstractMetal anodes are of profound impact towards the realization of energy‐dense rechargeable batteries. However, the “hostless” metal redox always presents the disordered plating/stripping, aggravated by the side reactions and local anisotropy that cause the formation of excessive dendrites/voids and quickly lead to battery failure. Here we report step‐edge guided homoepitaxy enabling ordered layer‐by‐layer Zn plating/stripping regardless of the (dis)charging conditions. Through engineering the atomic terrace height on the mono‐oriented Zn(0002) foil anodes, both in‐plane and out‐of‐plane epitaxy aligned to the underlying Zn lattice are demonstrated via the favored edge nucleation and strong interfacial interaction driven by the surface/interface energy minimization, achieving the electrochemical homoepitaxy of continuous, submillimeter‐scale Zn(0002) crystal with nearly 100 % theoretical density. Accordingly, we achieve a high Coulombic efficiency of 99.8 %, high depths of discharge exceeding 51 % and 82 % along with record‐high lifetimes of over a thousand and hundreds of hours, respectively, in zinc metal batteries. The breakthrough results provide new insights on the intrinsic metal plating/stripping from the view of reversible homoepitaxy for rechargeable energy‐dense metal batteries.
Dual Defects‐Induced Iron Single Atoms Immobilized in Metal–Organic Framework‐Derived Hollow BiOBr Microtubes for Low‐Barrier Photocatalytic Nitrogen Reduction
Authors: Wang Xiaosong , Gao Rong , Fan Guilan , Guo Yan , Han Chenhui , Gao Yuliang , Shen Ao , Wu Limin , Gu Xiaojun 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe rational design of single‐atom catalysts with precise coordination environment and high separation efficiency of photogenerated carriers is critical yet challenging to achieve efficient photocatalytic nitrogen reduction. Herein, we design and construct a defective photocatalyst featuring Fe single atoms immobilized in hollow BiOBr microtube using a plasma‐assisted synthesis strategy, where the Bi‐based metal–organic framework is used as sacrificial template. The dual vacancies of oxygen (VO) and bromine (VBr) are created in the BiOBr microtube and induce the formation of coordinatively unsaturated FeO5 configuration, where four oxygen atoms are from [Bi2O2]2+ units and one oxygen atom is located in the VBr. Specially, the hollow catalyst with dual defects and FeO5 moiety exhibits 1.4 and 2.2 times higher ammonia production activity than another two VBr‐featuring catalysts with coordinatively saturated FeO6 configuration and unsaturated FeO4 configuration, respectively. As revealed by experimental and theoretical calculation results, the optimized catalyst with the FeO5 configuration reduces the energy barrier of electron transfer from Fe 3d orbitals to antibonding orbitals of N2 molecules, which favors the formation of a key *NNH intermediate in the N2 fixation reaction and the resultant efficient ammonia production.
Synergy from the Stepped Hollow FeHCFe Nanocubes and the Dimorphic Polypyrrole for High‐Performance Electrochemical Water Desalination
Authors: Liu Yu , Luo Kunyue , Xing Wenle , Yin Wenjun , Feng Jing , Pi Shuaishuai , Kang Zixiao , Liang Jie , Tang Lin , Tang Wangwang 
Published: February 2025

AbstractSaline water desalination serves as an important route to increase freshwater supply, while capacitive deionization (CDI) has emerged as a promising technique to tackle this issue. To boost the successful application of CDI, development of advanced electrode materials is vital. Herein, we innovatively designed and synthesized a sophisticated Prussian blue/dimorphic polypyrrole composite for the hybrid CDI (HCDI). Specifically, the nanoparticle‐like polypyrrole (PPy) in situ distributed on the surface of stepped hollow FeHCFe nanocubes, while the coexisting nanotube‐like PPy interconnected the discrete stepped hollow FeHCFe nanocubes. The introduction of PPy nanoparticles/nanotubes promoted both electron and ion dynamics, and improved the electrochemical activity of FeHCFe. Meanwhile, the FeHCFe nanocubes with concave stepwise architecture on each side offered large accessible contact area for electrolyte, reduced Na+ migration path, improved tolerance for lattice expansion, and optimized redox sites for Na+ storage. Through such unique structural design and synergistic combination, the FeHCFe/PPy with appropriate component ratio achieved a remarkable desalination capacity and a fast desalination rate along with excellent cycling performance, outperforming other related materials. Moreover, the treated solution can meet the drinking water standard within 6 min via the use of six tandem HCDI cells. Density functional theory (DFT) revealed the mechanism of Na+ capture process and provided a fundamental understanding of the rapid Na+ migration and large Na+ storage capability. This study provides insights into ration design of superior electrode materials for high‐performance electrochemical water desalination.
Effect of Graphene Nanoplatelets (GNP) on the Structural, Thermal, and Dielectric Properties of Polypropylene/Polyvinylidenedifluoride (PP/PVDF) Nanocomposites
Authors: Velpula Ravibabu , Angalakurthy Ashokbabu , Nelikanti Ajith Kumar , Paramanandam Thomas 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTPolypropylene/polyvinylidene difluoride/graphene nanoplatelets (PP/PVDF/GNP) nanocomposites are fabricated by incorporation of various weight percentages of GNP (2.5, 5.0, 7.5, and 10.0 wt.%) into 50/50 vol% blend of PP/PVDF. The melt mix followed by hydraulic hot press is used to get a final nanocomposite with optimal density and thickness. The resulting nanocomposites are characterized for their structural, thermal and dielectric properties. Especially, nanocomposites shown an improved dielectric permittivity compared with PP/PVDF blend. The nanocomposite containing 10 wt.% of GNP achieves a dielectric permittivity of an approximately 20.7, dielectric loss of 0.08 and AC conductivity of 9.6 × 10−11 S/cm at 100 Hz and room temperature. Prompted by these results, influence of temperature and frequency on dielectric properties of PP/PVDF blend and PP/PVDF/GNP‐10 wt.% nanocomposite was analyzed by applying various temperatures and frequencies. The dielectric permittivity and dielectric loss of blend and composite are gradually decreased as frequency increases. Conversely, these properties are increased with rising temperature at lower frequency. However, these properties are almost independent of temperature at higher frequencies. This study supports the significant improvement in structural, thermal and dielectric performance of PP/PVDF polymer matrix by strategic addition of GNP.
Prediction of Tribological Properties of PC‐PBT/GNP‐MWCNT Nanocomposites Using Machine Learning Models
Authors: ÖGE Tuba Özdemir , ÖGE Mecit 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThis study investigates the effect of the incorporation of multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) in polycarbonate‐poly(butylene terephthalate) (PC‐PBT) blends on the mechanical and tribological blend properties. PC‐PBT/GNP‐MWCNT nanocomposites were synthesized via melt‐compounding with various filler loadings (0.5, 1, 3, 5, and 7 wt.%). SEM analyses revealed adequate dispersion and strong interaction between the nano‐fillers and the polymer matrix. Mechanical testing demonstrated up to ~16%, ~38%, and ~9% improvement in tensile modulus, bending modulus, and impact strength, respectively, with the optimum nano‐filler fraction of 0.5 wt. %. Tribological assessments, conducted using a pin‐on‐disc apparatus, showed marked reductions in specific wear rates (SWRs) reaching ~87% at the optimal filler loading of 0.5 wt.%. The mechanical behavior of the nanocomposites was found to depend primarily on dispersion state, whereas tribological properties were found to be dictated by a transfer film formation mechanism facilitated by filler addition. The experimental results were corroborated by a Random Forest machine learning model yielding the highest accuracy with R2 = 0.94 for tensile modulus estimations and R2 = 0.82 for SWR estimations under a 10 N load.
Structure and thickness of Glisson's capsule differ considerably on the liver surface in mammalian species
Authors: Uchida Hiroki , Aihara Naoyuki , Morimura Toshifumi , Matsumoto Shoma , Hasegawa Daichi , Ichiki Tomoko , Okamura Eiichi , Muto Masanaga , Sugahara Go , Miki Toshio , Ema Masatsugu , Watanabe Kenichi , Kamiie Junichi , Asahina Kinji 
Published: February 2025

AbstractGlisson's sheath is the connective tissue ensheathing the portal vein, hepatic artery, and bile duct within the liver. Although the connective tissue surrounding the liver surface is known as Glisson's capsule, its structure and function are poorly understood. In the present study, we analyzed mouse, rat, rabbit, feline, canine, monkey, porcine, bovine, and equine livers by histochemistry and immunohistochemistry analysis of α‐smooth muscle actin, keratin 19, and podoplanin and examined how the structure of the Glisson's capsule is conserved and differs among the nine species. Glisson's capsule tended to thicken as the animal's body size increased. Among the nine mammalian species, bile ducts were observed adjacent to the connective tissue of Glisson's capsule in adult monkey, porcine, bovine, and equine livers without association with portal veins. Fetal monkey and porcine livers exhibited thin Glisson's capsules without bile duct development. The hepatic artery develops in the Glisson's capsule in adult canine, monkey, porcine, bovine, and equine livers without association with the bile ducts and portal veins. Similar to the human liver, the livers of adult monkeys develop lymphatic vessels beneath the liver surface. The present study reveals for the first time that the structure of the Glisson's capsule differs considerably between small (mouse, rat, rabbit, and cat) and large (monkey, pig, cattle, and horse) animals and that the dog exhibits an intermediate structure between the two groups.
Optimal control problems subject to forward and backward stochastic difference equations
Authors: Chen Xin , Yuan Yue , Yuan Dongmei 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBackward and forward stochastic difference equations are two distinct types of difference equations. In this paper, we explore optimal control problems based on both forward and backward stochastic difference equations. Initially, we study optimal control problems grounded in backward stochastic difference equations and present backward recursive equations as a means of resolving such problems. Through solving these equations, we delve into a bang‐bang optimal control problem, offering an analytical expression for its optimal solution. Building upon these findings, we extend our investigation to encompass a linear quadratic optimal control problem, involving both forward and backward stochastic difference equations. Leveraging backward recursive equations, we derive an analytical expression for the optimal solution to the linear quadratic optimal control problem. Finally, we substantiate the validity of our conclusions through a numerical example.
Analysis of a q‐Deformed Covariant Algebra With the Fock‐Tani Formalism
Authors: de Souza Ramiro R. B. , Hadjimichef Dimiter , Zen Vasconcellos César A. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTMotivated by the difficulties in the quantization of spacetime, we study a q‐deformed covariant algebra that imposes minimum position and momentum measurement uncertainties. We do this by invoking the Fock‐Tani formalism, mainly used in atomic and nuclear physics. The results are promising for further calculation of physical predictions.