bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A feasibility study using an array of LaBr3(Ce) scintillation detectors as a Compton camera for prompt gamma imaging during BNCT
Authors: Nutter Kiran , Price Tony , Kokalova Tzany , Green Stuart , Phoenix Ben 
Published: February 2024

Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) is a binary cancer therapy where a low energy neutron beam is incident upon a patient who has been administered a tumour-seeking 10B loaded compound. The neutron capture reaction on 10B results in the production of two short range particles, 7Li and 4He, that deposit all of their energies within the targeted cell. However, accurate, online dosimetry during BNCT is challenging as it requires knowledge of both the neutron fluence and 10B concentration in cells. An additional product in the neutron capture reaction on 10B is a 478 keV prompt gamma ray, and if the production vertices of these gamma rays could be imaged by an external camera, the density of the vertices could be used to infer the dose delivered to the patient. In this study, the feasibility of using an array of LaBr3 scintillators as a modified Compton camera for prompt gamma imaging during BNCT was investigated using Geant4 simulations. These simulations demonstrated that a phantom containing a 3 cm diameter region of 400 ppm 10B could be reconstructed using clinically relevant neutron fluences. This result opens up more possibilities for future research to improve dosimetry during BNCT.
Romantic relationship obsessive-compulsive doubts, perfectionism, and DSM-5 personality traits in LGB people: a comparison with heterosexual individuals
Authors: Angelo Nicole Loren , Brullo Greta , Marsiglia Alessandro , Tirelli Alessandra , Piroddi Elisa , Viti Chiara , Aicardi Ilaria , Pozza Andrea 
Published: February 2024

IntroductionRelationship Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder is characterized by the presence of relationship-centered or partner-focused obsessions and compulsions that determine a great sense of doubt toward the partner or the relationship. Personality characteristics, including perfectionism, are involved in the development of Relationship Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, and could predispose the individual to excessive doubts and preoccupations regarding the “adequacy of the couple” or the physical appearance of one’s partner. Evidence from epidemiological research shows that the LGB community can present a high risk and prevalence of obsessive-compulsive symptoms and recent research demonstrated the usefulness of the DSM-5 personality model in understanding the personality of sexual minorities. However, further research is necessary to deepen our knowledge of the relationship between these variables in the LGB community. The aim of the present study was to compare a group of heterosexual individuals to a group of LGB individuals regarding personality traits, perfectionism, and relationship obsessive-compulsive symptoms.MethodsA total of 200 participants, 98 in the heterosexual group and 102 in the LGB group, were enrolled in the study and completed a psychological battery comprised of the Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revised, Personality Inventory for DSM-5, Relationship Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory, Partner-Related Obsessive-Compulsive Symptom Inventory, and Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale.ResultsThe results show that LGB individuals tend to report greater feelings of doubt regarding the partner’s love, more negative emotions (Negative Affect) and Antagonism, and greater perfectionism traits compared to heterosexual individuals.ConclusionThese findings underline the necessity to consider the implementation of personalized interventions in clinical practice and the importance of initiating early preventive programs in sexual minority communities.
General infection prevention, mitigation, and control procedures implemented in the university education during the COVID-19 pandemic to achieve classroom attendance: a successful community case study
Authors: Monge Diana , Gallego-Gil Ana , Neria Fernando , Canellas Soledad , Caballero Fernando , Díaz de Bustamante Ana , Samper Mónica 
Published: February 2024

IntroductionThe COVID-19 pandemic entailed confinement and elimination of face-to-face university classes in Spain. The Francisco de Vitoria University in Madrid (UFV by its Spanish acronym) implemented risk management systems to enable on-campus university activity to avoid a negative impact on students, teachers, and faculties.MethodsA tracking/registry system was implemented to collect data, identify COVID-19-related cases, implement containment measures, and do follow-up in the UFV community (administration/services personnel [ASP], teaching/research personnel [TRP], and students), from September 2020 to April 2022. In addition, a prevention plan was implemented on campus to avoid COVID-19 spreading. Satisfaction with these measures was assessed through an online questionnaire.ResultsA total of 7,165 suspected COVID-19 cases (84.7% students, 7.7% ASP, 6.5% TRP) were tracked (62.5% female cases, mean age (±SD) 24.8 years (±9.2 years)), and 45% of them confirmed (82% symptomatic/16% asymptomatic), being the student group that with the highest percentage (38.3% total tracked cases). The source of infection was identified in 50.6% of the confirmed cases (90.2% located off-campus). Nineteen COVID-19 outbreaks were registered (inside-10/outside-9). COVID-19 incidence rates were similar or lower than those reported in the Community of Madrid, except in the last wave, corresponding to Omicron variant. The degree of satisfaction (scale 1–6) with the implemented measures was high (scores 4.48–5.44).ConclusionDuring the COVID-19 pandemic, UFV control measures, periodic monitoring, and the effectiveness of the tracking system have contributed to maintaining classroom teaching, guaranteeing health and safety. UFV has adapted to a new reality as an example of good practice for future pandemics or emergency situations.
Application of inverse weighting analysis to assess the association of youth perceptions with the age of initiation of tobacco products
Authors: Atem Folefac D. , Bluestein Meagan A. , Chen Baojiang , Harrell Melissa B. , Messiah Sarah E. , Kuk Arnold E. , Pérez Adriana 
Published: February 2024

IntroductionTo examine if perceptions of harmfulness and addictiveness of hookah and cigarettes impact the age of initiation of hookah and cigarettes, respectively, among US youth. Youth (12-17 years old) users and never users of hookah and cigarettes during their first wave of PATH participation were analyzed by each tobacco product (TP) independently. The effect of perceptions of (i) harmfulness and (ii) addictiveness at the first wave of PATH participation on the age of initiation of ever use of hookah was estimated using interval-censoring Cox proportional hazards models.MethodsUsers and never users of hookah at their first wave of PATH participation were balanced by multiplying the sampling weight and the 100 balance repeated replicate weights with the inverse probability weight (IPW). The IPW was based on the probability of being a user in their first wave of PATH participation. A Fay’s factor of 0.3 was included for variance estimation. Crude hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) are reported. A similar process was repeated for cigarettes.ResultsCompared to youth who perceived each TP as “a lot of harm”, youth who reported perceived “some harm” had younger ages of initiation of these tobacco products, HR: 2.53 (95% CI: 2.87-4.34) for hookah and HR: 2.35 (95% CI: 2.10-2.62) for cigarettes. Similarly, youth who perceived each TP as “no/little harm” had an earlier age of initiation of these TPs compared to those who perceived them as “a lot of harm”, with an HR: 2.23 (95% CI: 1.82, 2.71) for hookah and an HR: 1.85 (95% CI: 1.72, 1.98) for cigarettes. Compared to youth who reported each TP as “somewhat/very likely” as their perception of addictiveness, youth who reported “neither likely nor unlikely” and “very/somewhat unlikely” as their perception of addictiveness of hookah had an older age of initiation, with an HR: 0.75 (95% CI: 0.67-0.83) and an HR: 0.55 (95% CI: 0.47, 0.63) respectively.DiscussionPerceptions of the harmfulness and addictiveness of these tobacco products (TPs) should be addressed in education campaigns for youth to prevent early ages of initiation of cigarettes and hookah.
Multisectoral action to address noncommunicable diseases: lessons from three country case studies
Authors: Akselrod Svetlana , Collins Téa E. , Berlina Daria , De Pinho Campos Katia , Fones Guy , de Sousa Neves Diogo , Bashir Fatima , Allen Luke N. 
Published: February 2024

IntroductionMultisectoral action is a central component of the global response to the rising prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). In this paper we aimed to unpack the definition of multisectoral action and provide an overview of the historical context, challenges, and recommendations alongside three country case studies: salt reduction in the UK, tobacco legislation in Nigeria, and regulation of edible oils in Iran.MethodsWe used an iterative review process to select three country case studies from a list of 20 potential cases previously identified by WHO. At our third round of review we unanimously agreed to focus on salt reduction in the UK, tobacco regulation in Nigeria, and edible oil regulation in Iran as these represented rich cases on diverse risk factors from three different world regions that we felt offered important lessons. We conducted literature reviews to identify further data for each case study.ResultsAcross the three studies a number of important themes emerged. We found that multisectoral approaches demand the often difficult reconciliation of competing and conflicting values and priorities. Across our three chosen cases, commercial interests and free trade agreements were the most common obstacles to successful multisectoral strategies. We found that early consultative stakeholder engagement and strong political and bureaucratic leadership were necessary for success.DiscussionThe complex multi-rooted nature of NCDs requires a multisectoral approach, but the inevitable conflicts that this entails requires careful navigation.
Cytotoxicity and concentration of silver ions released from dressings in the treatment of infected wounds: a systematic review
Authors: Sánchez-Gálvez Javier , Martínez-Isasi Santiago , Gómez-Salgado Juan , Rumbo-Prieto José María , Sobrido-Prieto María , Sánchez-Hernández Miriam , García-Martínez María , Fernández-García Daniel 
Published: February 2024

IntroductionSilver-releasing dressings are used in the treatment of infected wounds. Despite their widespread use, neither the amount of silver released nor the potential in vivo toxicity is known. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxic effects and the amount of silver released from commercially available dressings with infected wounds.MethodsThe review was conducted according to the PRISMA statement. The Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and CINAHL databases were searched for studies from 2002 through December 2022. The criteria were as follows: population (human patients with infected wounds); intervention (commercial dressings with clinical silver authorized for use in humans); and outcomes (concentrations of silver ions released into tissues and plasma). Any study based on silver-free dressings, experimental dressings, or dressings not for clinical use in humans should be excluded. According to the type of study, systematic reviews, experimental, quasi-experimental, and observational studies in English, Spanish, or Portuguese were considered. The quality of the selected studies was assessed using the JBI critical appraisal tools. Studies that assessed at least 65% of the included items were included. Data were extracted independently by two reviewers.Results740 articles were found and five were finally selected (all of them quasi-experimental). Heterogeneity was found in terms of study design, application of silver dressings, and methods of assessment, which limited the comparability between studies.ConclusionIn vivo comparative studies of clinical dressings for control of infection lack a standardized methodology that allows observation of all the variables of silver performance at local and systemic levels, as well as evaluation of its cytotoxicity. It cannot be concluded whether the assessed concentrations of released silver in commercial dressings for the topical treatment of infected wounds are cytotoxic to skin cells.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42022351041, PROSPERO [CRD42022351041].
Sociodemographic influences on youth sport participation and physical activity among children living within concentrated Hispanic/Latino rural communities
Authors: Von Seggern Mary J. , Rogers Ann E. , Schenkelberg Michaela A. , Kellstedt Debra K. , Welk Gregory J. , High Robin , Dzewaltowski David A. 
Published: February 2024

IntroductionLack of physical activity (PA) among children living in rural communities is a documented public health problem. Although studies have examined community conditions defined by a rural–urban dichotomy, few have investigated rural community conditions with a concentration of Hispanic/Latino people. This cross-sectional study examined sociodemographic characteristics associated with youth sport (YS) participation and daily PA among children living within concentrated Hispanic/Latino rural U.S. Midwest communities.MethodsDuring spring 2022, 97% of 3rd–6th grade children (n = 281, aged approximately 8–12 years) attending school in rural Midwestern communities (n = 2) with &gt;50% concentration of Hispanic students participated in the Wellscapes Project, a community randomized trial. Participants completed the Youth Activity Profile and supplemental National Survey of Children’s Health questions assessing PA behaviors and YS participation. Caregivers of a subsample of children (n = 215; males, n = 93; females, n = 122) consented to pair their child’s survey results with school enrollment records (e.g., free/reduced lunch status and race and ethnicity). Mixed models with community as a random effect examined main and interaction effects of grade, sex, ethnoracial status, and family income on YS participation and these sociodemographic characteristics and YS participation on daily moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA).ResultsApproximately half of children participated in YS. Non-Hispanic White children (n = 82) were over five times more likely to participate in YS than Hispanic peers (n = 133) (OR = 5.54, 95% CI = 2.64–11.61, p &lt; 0.001). YS participants accumulated 8.3 ± 2.3 more minutes of daily MVPA than non-participants (p &lt; 0.001). Sixth graders, females, and Hispanic children reported lower daily MVPA than comparison groups (p &lt; 0.05). Significant interaction effects on daily MVPA between grade and ethnoracial status (F(3, 204) = 3.04, p = 0.030) were also found.DiscussionDisparities in sport participation and PA outcomes based on sociodemographic characteristics exist among children living in ethnoracially diverse rural communities. Strategies to promote YS participation, including community structural changes, may help reduce PA disparities. The research provides valuable insights for policymakers, public health professionals, and community members to address YS participation barriers, not limited to cost, while considering other PA-promotion efforts to improve child population health.
The impact of social support for older adults in nursing homes on successful aging: a moderated mediation model
Authors: Xu Fan , Zhang Jiquan , Xie Shaoju , Li Qiao , Long Yaoyao 
Published: February 2024

ObjectiveTo investigate the connection between social support (SS) and successful aging (SA) in older adults residing in nursing homes, examining the mediating role of meaning in life (MIL). Additionally, this study aims to assess whether frailty moderates the mediation model.MethodsA cross-sectional survey approach was employed to recruit older adults from six nursing homes in Sichuan Province between August 2022 and December 2022. Questionnaires, including the General Information Questionnaire, Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS), Meaning in Life Questionnaire (MLQ), Tilburg Frailty Indicator (TFI), and Successful Aging Inventory (SAI), were administered. Data obtained from the completed questionnaires were analyzed using SPSS and its macro program PROCESS.ResultsSS emerged as a noteworthy positive predictor of SA in older adults of nursing homes. MIL was identified as a partial mediator in the link between SS and SA. Furthermore, frailty attenuated the positive predictive impact of MIL on SA and moderated the latter part of the mediation model, wherein SS influences SA through MIL. The influence of MIL on SA was more pronounced in older adults with lower frailty levels in nursing homes, while it was diminished in those with higher levels of frailty.ConclusionApart from ensuring the availability of essential medical resources in long-term care for older adults, workers in nursing homes should also recognize the significance of “spiritual aging” to cultivate a sense of MIL among older adults. Simultaneously, attention must be directed toward screening for frailty indicators in older adults. Psychological care and physical exercise programs should be intensified for older adults with a high level of frailty, aiming to decelerate the progression of frailty in nursing home residents. This approach leverages the mediating role of MIL and the moderating influence of frailty, ultimately enhancing SA and promoting healthy aging in older adults within nursing home settings.
Investigating the impact of feed-induced, subacute ruminal acidosis on rumen epimural transcriptome and metatranscriptome in young calves at 8- and 17-week of age
Authors: Li Wenli , Larsen Anna , Fregulia Priscila 
Published: February 2024

IntroductionWith the goal to maximize intake of high-fermentable diet needed to meet energy needs during weaning period, calves are at risk for ruminal acidosis. Using the calves from previously established model of feed-induced, ruminal acidosis in young calves, we aimed to investigate the changes in rumen epimural transcriptome and its microbial metatranscriptome at weaning (8-week) and post-weaning (17-week) in canulated (first occurred at 3 weeks of age) Holstein bull calves with feed-induced subacute ruminal acidosis.MethodsEight bull calves were randomly assigned to acidosis-inducing diet (Treated, n = 4; pelleted, 42.7% starch, 15.1% neutral detergent fiber [NDF], and 57.8% nonfiber carbohydrates), while texturized starter was fed as a control (Control, n = 4; 35.3% starch, 25.3% NDF, and 48.1% nonfiber carbohydrates) starting at 1 week through 17 weeks. Calves fed acidosis-inducing diet showed significantly less (p &lt; 0.01) body weight over the course of the experiment, in addition to lower ruminal pH (p &lt; 0.01) compared to the control group. Rumen epithelial (RE) tissues were collected at both 8 weeks (via biopsy) and 17 weeks (via euthanasia) and followed for whole transcriptome RNA sequencing analysis. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) analysis was done using cufflinks2 (fold-change ≥2 and p &lt; 0.05) between treated and control groups at 8-week of age, and between 8- and 17-week for the treated group.ResultsAt 8-week of age, DEGs between treatment groups showed an enrichment of genes related to the response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (p &lt; 0.005). The impact of prolonged, feed-induced acidosis was reflected by the decreased expression (p &lt; 0.005) in genes involved in cell proliferation related pathways in the RE at 17-week of age in the treated group. Unique sets of discriminant microbial taxa were identified between 8-and 17-week calves in the treated group and the treatment groups at 8-week, indicating that active microbial community changes in the RE are an integral part of the ruminal acidosis development and progression.
Switching characteristics of MgO-based MTJ with intermediate state
Authors: Miyazaki Yuya , Watanabe Chihiro , Tsuchimoto Junichi , Hosoya Hiroyuki , Amemiya Yoshiteru , Teramoto Akinobu 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The resistance change of magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) is used to store digital information in spin-transfer-torque magnetoresistive random-access memory. In some MTJs, intermediate (IM) states occur between two stable resistance states just after the application of a switching pulse. In this study, the effect of IM states on switching is investigated. IM states increase the switching voltage, and their probability is significantly high at a narrow pulse width. For no-error switching, MTJs with IM states require higher voltages and wider pulse widths compared with MTJs without IM states. A 300 nm MTJ has multiple IM states, whereas a 120 nm MTJ has only one IM state. Overall, a large MTJ’s free layer has multiple regions with different switching characteristics, and switching occurs stepwise through IM states.
Fiber-tip temperature sensing probe based on standard Brillouin optical correlation-domain reflectometry with sinusoidal modulation
Authors: Toda Kanon , Takahashi Hiroshi , Koshikiya Yusuke , Mizuno Yosuke 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
We develop a simplified approach for localized temperature measurement at the fiber tip, utilizing the standard configuration of Brillouin optical correlation-domain reflectometry (BOCDR) with sinusoidal modulation of optical frequency. This method eliminates the need for specialized modifications to the sensing fiber, thereby enhancing cost-efficiency. Compared to the noise-modulated low-coherence BOCDR, our approach allows for a more precise evaluation of theoretical spatial resolution. We successfully attain a theoretical spatial resolution of 5.7 cm with this method.
A 1.58 nJ/conversion temperature-to-digital converter with low power variations
Authors: Lee Mao-Wei , Lin Hongchin , Lai Po-Wei , Chang Ching-Hsiang , Jian Yao-Ting 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
A 1.58 nJ/conversion temperature-to-digital converter at the supply voltage of 0.7 V was designed and fabricated on the die area of 0.147 mm2 using the 90 nm CMOS technology. The sub-nA constant reference current (I
ref) and the sub-nA complementary-to-absolute temperature (CTAT) current (I
CTAT) are generated by employing the gate leakage currents of PMOSFETs. The current-to-frequency oscillators using those currents followed by the frequency-to-digital converter are used to produce the digital codes inversely proportional to temperatures. With this approach, the power consumption at high temperatures can be alleviated significantly. Thus, the variation of power consumption is only 70% from −10 °C to 90 °C. The conversion time is 107 ms at the RT and the noise non-limited resolution is 0.052 °C.
Pattern deformation mitigation for EUV photoresists using wafer backside cleaning techniques
Authors: Harumoto Masahiko , Figueiredo dos Santos Andreia , Zanders Wesley , Caron Elke , Vandereyken Jelle 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This study delves into the effects of wafer backside particles on pattern defocus in EUV lithography (EUVL). Additionally, the potential mitigation of this pattern defocus was examined through wafer backside cleaning. Comparative analyses were conducted between EUVL patterning tests performed using wafers with contaminated and cleaned wafer backside. Defocus points and abnormal critical dimensions (CDs) on the photoresist patterns at the wafer frontside were detected using scanning electron microscopy and optical CD measurement, respectively. The specific locations of these defocus or abnormal CD points were compared and confirmed to be correlated with particles that were present on the same locations on the backside of the wafer. Furthermore, it was found that an effective backside cleaning process can mitigate pattern defocus caused by these wafer backside particles.