bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using memory restructuring strategy to enhance dental behaviour
Authors: PICKRELL JACQUELINE E. , HEIMA MASAHIRO , WEINSTEIN PHILIP , COOLIDGE TRILBY , COLDWELL SUSAN E. , SKARET ERIK , CASTILLO JORGE , MILGROM PETER 
Published: October 2007

Aims.  This study sought to ‘restructure’ memory of dental treatment to help children develop positive memories and cooperate more fully with the dentist at future visits.Design.  The design compared ‘usual care’ plus an intervention designed to positively restructure memory with ‘usual care’ plus a control for 45 children, ages 6–9 years, who were in need of two restorative treatment visits. The intervention occurred at the second visit immediately before the dental treatment and focused on restructuring the child's memory of the first treatment visit. Children were asked to recall how much fear and pain they experienced during the first dental treatment.Results.  The child's behaviour improved from the first dental treatment visit to the second in the intervention group but not in the control condition. When compared to the controls, those in the intervention group changed their memory of the fear they experienced at the first treatment and their memory of experienced pain.Conclusions.  Restructuring memory may be effective in reducing fear for future treatment, and is easily adaptable to clinical practice in other healthcare situations.
The relationship between temperament and fearfulness in adult dental phobic patients
Authors: LUNDGREN JESPER , ELFSTRÖM MAGNUS L. , BERGGREN ULF 
Published: October 2007

Background.  Temperament has been associated with dental fear (DF) and dental behavioural management problems (DBMP) in children, but little is known about what role temperament plays in the aetiology of DF. Thus, measures of temperament suitable for use among children, adolescents, and adults would be of value for longitudinal and family studies of DF, where relations between children's and parent's ratings are investigated.Aim.  Our aim was to explore the adapted EASI (emotionality, activity, sociability, and impulsivity) in adult patients, and to evaluate the instrument in comparison with established measures of DF and general emotional reactions in adults.Design.  The subjects were 230 adult patients applying for treatment for DF and 41 nonfearful patients (reference group). Questionnaires investigated temperament (general and DF) and general anxiety and depression.Results.  The previously described factor structure of the EASI among children was confirmed and the adapted EASI had acceptable psychometric qualities. Emotionality correlated with DF and with measures of general psychological distress. No differences were found in mean scores of EASI dimensions between DF group and the reference group, which was in contrast with studies in children.Conclusions.  The adapted EASI seem promising for use in future longitudinal and familial studies of development of DF and DBMP.
Psychosocial concomitants to dental fear and behaviour management problems
Authors: GUSTAFSSON ANNIKA , ARNRUP KRISTINA , BROBERG ANDERS G. , BODIN LENNART , BERGGREN ULF 
Published: October 2007

Background. Children with dental behavioural management problems (DBMP) form a heterogeneous group, where personal characteristics play significant roles. Attention to everyday life and family situation as additional background facets may help to better understand and treat these patients.Aim. This study describes everyday life and family situation in child/adolescent patients referred because of DBMP, as compared to patients in ordinary dental care.Design. A study group of 230 referred patients (8–19 years old; 118 girls) was compared to a reference group of 248 same‐aged patients (142 girls) without DBMP. Patients and parents were interviewed according to a semistructured protocol.Results. Patients referred because of DBMP more often lived in low socioeconomic status families, had parents not living together, fewer leisure‐time activities, and were assessed as doing worse in social interactions compared to the reference group. Half of the study group had personal professional support, and some had experienced interventions by the social authorities. Whether these findings apply also to children/adolescents with DBMP who are not referred to specialist care remains to study.Conclusions. Many children and adolescents referred because of DBMP have a burdensome life and family situation. This should be paid attention to in research and in clinical care.
Bordetella pertussis adenylate cyclase toxin (ACT) induces cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) in murine macrophages and is facilitated by ACT interaction with CD11b/CD18 (Mac‐1)
Authors: Perkins Darren J. , Gray Mary C. , Hewlett Erik L. , Vogel Stefanie N. 
Published: October 2007

Summary Bordetella pertussis causes a profound inflammatory response in lungs of infected individuals. The adenylate cyclase toxin (ACT) of B. pertussis is a potent enzyme that converts cytosolic ATP into cAMP, and is required for virulence in vivo. During infection, secreted ACT binds to macrophages utilizing the β2 integrin, Mac‐1 (CR3, CD11b/CD18), and subsequent intoxication by ACT inhibits essential antibacterial activities of macrophages. Additionally, Mac‐1 has been reported to be a co‐receptor for TLR4 required for the full induction of some LPS‐responsive genes, including pro‐inflammatory cyclooxygenase 2 (COX‐2). We have examined the effect of ACT on COX‐2 expression in HEK293T cells expressing Mac‐1 and in murine macrophages. We report that ACT induces COX‐2 in a manner that absolutely requires the catalytic activity of this enzyme and Mac‐1 expression dramatically enhanced the sensitivity of cells to ACT‐dependent COX‐2 induction. The mechanism of COX‐2 induction by ACT utilizes the cAMP‐PKA‐CREB‐dependent pathway. Finally, ACT and TLR2 or TLR4 act synergistically to increase COX‐2 expression. These data suggest that ACT contributes significantly to the inflammatory response induced by B. pertussis infection by augmenting COX‐2 expression and provides evidence against the concept that ACT functions exclusively via its inhibitory effects on phagocytic leucocytes.
Latino populations: a unique opportunity for epidemiological research of asthma
Authors: Salari Keyan , Burchard Esteban González 
Published: October 2007

SummaryAsthma is a significant health problem among Latinos, the largest minority population in the US. Asthma prevalence, morbidity and mortality are highest in Puerto Ricans, intermediate in Dominicans and Cubans, and lowest in Mexicans and Central Americans. From a cultural and social perspective, Latinos represent a wide variety of national origins and ethnic and cultural groups, with a full spectrum of social class. From a genetic perspective, Latinos have descended from Native American, European and African populations. Here, we review results from recent genetic and clinical studies to illustrate the unique opportunity Latino groups offer for studying the interaction between racial, genetic and environmental contributions to asthma and drug responsiveness.
Examining the hygiene hypothesis: the Trial of Infant Probiotic Supplementation
Authors: Cabana Michael D , McKean Michelle , Wong Angela R. , Chao Cewin , Caughey Aaron B. 
Published: October 2007

SummaryThe hygiene hypothesis suggests that the absence of infectious exposure at a critical point in immune system development leads to a greater risk for the later development of atopic disease. As a result, it may be possible to devise strategies that can block the onset of atopic diseases such as asthma. This paper outlines the rationale, background and design for the Trial of Infant Probiotic Supplementation study, which is designed to test the effectiveness of a daily infant probiotic supplement in the first 6 months of life in preventing the development of early markers of asthma.
Comprehensive asthma management for underserved children
Authors: Thyne Shannon M , Marmor Andrea K. , Madden Nanette , Herrick Gail 
Published: October 2007

SummaryIn response to the ‘asthma epidemic’, local organisations in San Francisco formed the Yes We Can Urban Asthma Partnership, which uses a comprehensive medical/social model for paediatric asthma care. The Yes We Can Urban Asthma Partnership reaches out to high‐risk children in different clinical settings: urgent visits, the hospital, a comprehensive specialty asthma clinic, and through an expanded community health worker programme. This article highlights the initial development, implementation, and evaluation of the success of this innovative management programme to address the problem of paediatric asthma in underserved urban areas.
The immune response in Taenia solium cysticercosis: protection and injury
Authors: SCIUTTO E. , CHAVARRIA A. , FRAGOSO G. , FLEURY A. , LARRALDE C. 
Published: October 2007

SUMMARY This article reviews current knowledge on the innate and acquired immune responses in human Taenia solium neurocysticercosis, highlighting the conditions that appear to be favourable for the survival or destruction of the parasite and for the benefit or injury to its host.
The divergent roles of alternatively activated macrophages in helminthic infections
Authors: REYES J. L. , TERRAZAS L. I. 
Published: October 2007

SUMMARY Macrophages play crucial roles in the immune response, as they can initiate, modulate and also be final effector cells during immune responses to infections. Macrophages are derived from myeloid precursor cells in bone marrow and are widely distributed in every tissue of the body. Over the past 10 years, the concepts about macrophage activation have clearly changed; macrophages are not called activated or inactivated as they used to be. These changes in the concept of macrophage response is the result of many in vitro and in vivo studies, but the major support for the current concept of alternatively activated macrophages (AAMφ) comes from parasitic helminth infections. Parasitic helminths have developed complex mechanisms to evade and modulate host immunity. Infections with these parasites induce strong polarized Th2‐type immune responses frequently associated with impaired T‐cell proliferative responses to parasitic or unrelated antigens. Given the recent advances in understanding the immunoregulatory capabilities of helminthic infections, it has been suggested that macrophages can be a target for immunomodulation. Furthermore, they become altered when a host experiences chronic exposure to helminth parasites or their by‐products, which favour the induction of AAMφ. How AAMφ participate in modulating host immunity during helminth infections and what their roles are in clearing or favouring parasite survival remains elusive. Here we review the most recent advances in the literature on AAMφ at the host–parasite interface, including three classes of helminths: nematodes (Brugia, Nippostrongylus, Litomosoides, Heligmosomoides), trematodes (Schistosoma, Fasciola) and cestodes (Taenia, Echinococcus, Hymenolepis).
Data integration in plant biology: the O2PLS method for combined modeling of transcript and metabolite data
Authors: Bylesjö Max , Eriksson Daniel , Kusano Miyako , Moritz Thomas , Trygg Johan 
Published: October 2007

SummaryThe technological advances in the instrumentation employed in life sciences have enabled the collection of a virtually unlimited quantity of data from multiple sources. By gathering data from several analytical platforms, with the aim of parallel monitoring of, e.g. transcriptomic, metabolomic or proteomic events, one hopes to answer and understand biological questions and observations. This ‘systems biology’ approach typically involves advanced statistics to facilitate the interpretation of the data. In the present study, we demonstrate that the O2PLS multivariate regression method can be used for combining ‘omics’ types of data. With this methodology, systematic variation that overlaps across analytical platforms can be separated from platform‐specific systematic variation. A study of Populus tremula × Populus tremuloides, investigating short‐day‐induced effects at transcript and metabolite levels, is employed to demonstrate the benefits of the methodology. We show how the models can be validated and interpreted to identify biologically relevant events, and discuss the results in relation to a pairwise univariate correlation approach and principal component analysis.
Variable‐angle epifluorescence microscopy: a new way to look at protein dynamics in the plant cell cortex
Authors: Konopka Catherine A. , Bednarek Sebastian Y. 
Published: October 2007

SummaryLive‐cell microscopy imaging of fluorescent‐tagged fusion proteins is an essential tool for cell biologists. Total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy (TIRFM) has joined confocal microscopy as a complementary system for the imaging of cell surface protein dynamics in mammalian and yeast systems because of its high temporal and spatial resolution. Here we present an alternative to TIRFM, termed variable‐angle epifluorescence microscopy (VAEM), for the visualization of protein dynamics at or near the plasma membrane of plant epidermal cells and root hairs in whole, intact seedlings that provides high‐signal, low‐background and near real‐time imaging. VAEM uses highly oblique subcritical incident angles to decrease background fluorophore excitation. We discuss the utilities and advantages of VAEM for imaging of fluorescent fusion‐tagged marker proteins in studying cortical cytoskeletal and membrane proteins. We believe that the application of VAEM will be an invaluable imaging tool for plant cell biologists.
A case of necrotizing fasciitis with septic shock in a cat caused byAcinetobacter baumannii
Authors: Brachelente Chiara , Wiener Dominique , Malik Yasminda , Huessy Daniela 
Published: October 2007

AbstractA 4‐year‐old, neutered female, domestic shorthair cat admitted to the animal hospital for recurrent constipation presumed to be due to post‐traumatic injuries, went into shock with signs including fever and ataxia followed by stupor. On the fifth day of hospitalization, the cat developed severe, diffuse oedema of the ventral abdomen with multifocal to coalescing erythematous areas and small vesicle formation. The results of bacteriological cultures of liver, spleen and kidney specimens led to the diagnosis ofAcinetobacter baumanniisepsis. Histopathological findings of skin samples taken during necropsy showed an extensive epidermal and dermal necrosis with septic vasculitis and numerous intralesional gram‐negative bacteria. Detection of theblaOXA‐51‐likegene specific forA. baumanniiby PCR, performed retrospectively on samples of the deep layers of the skin, confirmed the presence ofA. baumanniialso in the cutaneous lesions. To our knowledge this is the first report of a necrotizing fasciitis with septic shock in a cat caused byA. baumannii.
Sweat gland hamartoma resembling human syringocystadenoma papilliferum in two young cats
Authors: Heimann Marianne Hélène , Ngendahayo Placide 
Published: October 2007

AbstractSyringocystadenoma papilliferum, a hamartoma with mostly sweat gland, but also follicular infundibular elements, is described on the flank and head of two young cats. Clinically, lesions were cutaneous plaques characterized by irregular but sharply demarcated borders and a roughened, hyperpigmented surface. Complete surgical excision in one case was curative. Histologically, the lesion was limited to the superficial dermis and consisted of coalescing units of proliferating sweat glands. The proliferation was tubular or papillary, and may have been epitrichial, opening within dilated hypertrophied follicular infundibuli, or atrichial. Three types of epithelium were observed, recapitulating the formation of the follicular‐sweat gland unit with infundibular, ductal and secretory epithelia. The glands reacted positively for alpha cytokeratin 8 and were supported by fibrous tissue with a plasmacytic, lymphocytic and neutrophilic infiltrate. As in humans, this lesion may be classified within the hamartoma‐nevus‐type category.
Endoscopic observation of Meckel's diverticulum by double balloon endoscopy: Report of five cases
Authors: Shinozaki Satoshi , Yamamoto Hironori , Ohnishi Hirohide , Kita Hiroto , Yano Tomonori , Iwamoto Michiko , Miyata Tomohiko , Hayashi Yoshikazu , Sunada Keijiro , Ido Kenichi , Takayashiki Norio , Sugano Kentaro 
Published: October 2007

AbstractBackground and Aim:  Most cases of Meckel's diverticula are asymptomatic, however, some cases presented with gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding. It is often difficult to determine whether Meckel's diverticulum is a source of obscure GI bleeding. Double balloon endoscopy allows endoscopic access to the entire small intestine. The aim of this study was to compare endoscopic findings of three hemorrhagic and two non‐hemorrhagic Meckel's diverticula in patients with obscure GI bleeding using this novel technique.Methods:  Between September 2000 and April 2005, 354 enteroscopies, including 162 anterograde and 192 retrograde procedures, were performed on 217 patients at the Jichi Medical University Hospital, Japan, using the double balloon endoscopy system. Five consecutive patients where Meckel's diverticulum was endoscopically observed were selected and analyzed.Results:  Double balloon endoscopy enabled direct observation of Meckel's diverticula in all five patients. Surgical procedures were indicated for three patients where double balloon endoscopy discovered ulcers. By contrast, double balloon endoscopy detected other sources of bleeding in the remaining two patients where no ulcers were found in the Meckel's diverticula.Conclusion:  Endoscopic observation of the ulcers in Meckel's diverticula was important evidence of bleeding in patients with obscure GI bleeding. Other sources of bleeding should be considered when no ulcers are found in the Meckel's diverticula.
Angiopoietin‐2 levels in the hepatic vein as a useful predictor of tumor invasiveness and prognosis in human hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Kuboki Satoshi , Shimizu Hiroaki , Mitsuhashi Noboru , Kusashio Kimihiko , Kimura Fumio , Yoshidome Hiroyuki , Ohtsuka Masayuki , Kato Atsushi , Yoshitomi Hideyuki , Miyazaki Masaru 
Published: October 2007

AbstractBackground and Aim:  Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is characteristically a hypervascular tumor and its progression is known to be closely related to angiogenesis. In this study, we investigated angiopoietin‐2 (Ang‐2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels in the hepatic vein draining from HCC, as well as in the peripheral vein, to evaluate their relation to clinicopathological features and prognosis.Methods:  To obtain hepatic venous blood samples, a catheter was placed into the main branch of the hepatic vein draining from HCC in 21 patients. The Ang‐2 and VEGF levels in both the hepatic and peripheral veins were investigated. Furthermore, Ang‐2 mRNA expression in surgically resected HCC was evaluated by quantitative reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR), as well as microvessel density (MVD) by CD34 immunostaining.Results:  Ang‐2 levels in the hepatic vein significantly correlated with Ang‐2 mRNA expression in HCC, but Ang‐2 levels in the peripheral vein did not correlate. Furthermore, a significant correlation was found between hepatic venous Ang‐2 and MVD levels, whereas there was no significant correlation with hepatic venous VEGF levels. When hepatic venous Ang‐2 levels were compared with clinicopathological features, a significant relationship was found between high Ang‐2 levels and portal vein invasion. The survival for patients in the high hepatic venous Ang‐2 group was significantly poorer when compared with the low group.Conclusion:  Preoperative hepatic venous Ang‐2 levels may be a good predictor for portal vein invasion and also prognosis in patients with HCC.
Pre‐school teachers' knowledge, attitudes and practices on childhood developmental and behavioural disorders in Singapore
Authors: Lian Wee Bin , Ying Selina Ho Kah , Tean Sylvia Choo Henn , Lin Daisy Chan Kwai , Lian Yeo Cheo , Yun Ho Lai 
Published: October 2007

Aim:  Demands for diagnostic and intervention services in childhood developmental and behavioural disorders (CDABD) have increased in Singapore. With earlier enrolment of some 50 000 children in pre‐schools, early childhood educators must be well‐versed in normal development (ND) and CDABD, to help detect children with potential difficulties and refer for early diagnosis and intervention.Methods:  Knowledge, attitudes and practices in ND and CDABD were evaluated among 503 pre‐school teachers, most aged 30–44 years. With a median pre‐school experience of 6.0 (0.1, 40) years, most had received formal training in early childhood but not special‐needs (SN) education.Results:  A pass rate in knowledge (≥50% total‐score) was achieved in 56%, with the overall median total‐score of 50 (0, 87)%. In specific blocks on ND, autistic spectrum disorder and attention deficit/hyperactive disorder, pass‐rate was achieved in 66%, 68% and 32%, with median block‐scores of 56 (0, 100)%, 50 (0, 100)%, 40 (0, 100)% respectively. Results on attitudes and perceptions revealed that most supported mainstream integration and aides in the classroom, agreeing that both the government and parents should pay for such support services. While most felt unequipped, further training interested them, with >90% wanting to and feeling that they could make a difference for these children.Conclusion:  This study demonstrated educational deficits in CDABD among our pre‐school teachers. Yet, most care and want to improve their skills to aid integration and improve SN education, calling for more training and resource support. Necessary changes in policy and resource allocation should occur to allow better‐integrated adults of tomorrow.
Efficacy and safety of a mixture of ketamine, midazolam and atropine for procedural sedation in paediatric oncology: a randomised study of oral versus intramuscular route
Authors: Bhatnagar Sushma , Mishra Seema , Gupta Meenu , Srikanti Madhurima , Mondol Anindya , Diwedi Alok 
Published: October 2007

Aim:  To evaluate the efficacy and safety of a mixture of ketamine, midazolam and atropine given orally by comparing the same mixture given through the intramuscular route in children with malignancy undergoing minor invasive procedures.Methods:  Sixty children, aged between 1 and 10 years, scheduled to undergo minor procedures were randomised into two groups to receive a mixture of ketamine (6 mg/kg), midazolam (0.05 mg/kg) and atropine (0.02 mg/kg) intramuscularly (Group 1) or ketamine (10 mg/kg), midazolam (0.2 mg/kg) and atropine (0.05 mg/kg) orally (Group 2). Sedation score, observer‐rated visual analogue scale for pain were noted by an observer blinded to the route of drug administration.Results:  Optimum sedation was present in all children in both groups after drug administration, with Group 1 being more deeply sedated than Group 2 at the start of the procedure. Supplementation with intravenous ketamine was required in four children in Group 1 and eight children in Group 2 (P = 0.33). The mean (±SD) observer‐rated visual analogue scale for pain during the procedure was 8.33 (±15.99) and 9.33 (±16.39) in Group 1 and Group 2, respectively (P = 0.892). One patient in Group 1 had vomiting after the procedure. There were no differences in proportion of patients with hallucinations and nystagmus in both groups.Conclusions:  A mixture of ketamine, midazolam and atropine given orally provides sedation and analgesia similar to that produced by the same drugs given intramuscularly. It offers advantage over the intramuscular route as it is painless and can be given for minor paediatric oncology procedures with appropriate monitoring.