bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phylogenetic Analysis of the Plant‐specificZinc Finger‐HomeoboxandMini Zinc FingerGene Families
Authors: Hu Wei , DePamphilis Claude W. , Ma Hong 
Published: August 2008

AbstractZinc finger‐homeodomain proteins (ZHD) are present in many plants; however, the evolutionary history of theZHDgene family remains largely unknown. We show here thatZHDgenes are plant‐specific, nearly all intronless, and related toMINI ZINC FINGER(MIF) genes that possess only the zinc finger. Phylogenetic analyses ofZHDgenes from representative land plants suggest that non‐seed plantZHDgenes occupy basal positions and angiosperm homologs form seven distinct clades. Several clades contain genes from two or more major angiosperm groups, including eudicots, monocots, magnoliids, and other basal angiosperms, indicating that several duplications occurred before the diversification of flowering plants. In addition, specific lineages have experienced more recent duplications. Unlike theZHDgenes,MIFs are found only from seed plants, possibly derived fromZHDs by loss of the homeodomain before the divergence of seed plants. Moreover, theMIFgenes have also undergone relatively recent gene duplications. Finally, genome duplication might have contributed substantially to the expansion of family size in angiosperms and caused a high level of functional redundancy/overlap in these genes.
Lycopene Accumulation Affects the Biosynthesis of Some Carotenoid‐related Volatiles Independent of Ethylene in Tomato
Authors: Gao Hongyan , Zhu Hongliang , Shao Yi , Chen Anjun , Lu Chengwen , Zhu Benzhong , Luo Yunbo 
Published: August 2008

Abstract For elucidating the regulatory mechanism of ethylene on carotenoid‐related volatiles (open chain) compounds and the relationship between lycopene and carotenoid‐related volatiles, transgenic tomato fruits in which ACC synthase was suppressed were used. The transgenic tomato fruit showed a significant reduction of lycopene and aroma volatiles with low ethylene production. 6‐methyl‐5‐hepten‐2‐one, 6‐methyl‐5‐hepten‐2‐ol and geranylacetone, which were suspected to be lycopene degradation products, were lower than those in wild type tomato fruits. In order to identify whether lycopene accumulation effects the biosynthesis of some carotenoid‐related volatiles independent of ethylene in tomato or not, the capability of both wild type and transgenic tomato fruits discs to convert lycopene into carotenoid‐related volatiles was evaluated. The data showed that external lycopene could convert into 6‐methyl‐5‐hepten‐2‐one and 6‐methyl‐5‐hepten‐2‐ol in vivo, indicating that the strong inhibition of ethylene production had no effect on enzymes in the biosynthesis pathway of some carotenoid‐related volatiles. Therefore, in ACS‐suppression transgenic tomato fruits, the low levels of 6‐methyl‐5‐hepten‐2‐one, 6‐methyl‐5‐hepten‐2‐ol was due to decreased lycopene accumulation, not ethylene production. Ethylene only affected the accumulation of lycopene, and then indirectly influenceed the level of lycopene‐related volatiles.
Difference in Tree Growth Responses to Climate at the Upper Treeline: Qilian Juniper in the Anyemaqen Mountains
Authors: Peng Jianfeng , Gou Xiaohua , Chen Fahu , Li Jinbao , Liu Puxing , Zhang Yong , Fang Keyan 
Published: August 2008

Abstract Three ring‐width chronologies were developed from Qilian Juniper (Sabina przewalskii Kom.) at the upper treeline along a west‐east gradient in the Anyemaqen Mountains. Most chronological statistics, except for mean sensitivity (MS), decreased from west to east. The first principal component (PC1) loadings indicated that stands in a similar climate condition were most important to the variability of radial growth. PC2 loadings decreased from west to east, suggesting the difference of tree‐growth between eastern and western Anyemaqen Mountains. Correlations between standard chronologies and climatic factors revealed different climatic influences on radial growth along a west‐east gradient in the study area. Temperature of warm season (July–August) was important to the radial growth at the upper treeline in the whole study area. Precipitation of current May was an important limiting factor of tree growth only in the western (drier) upper treeline, whereas precipitation of current September limited tree growth in the eastern (wetter) upper treeline. Response function analysis results showed that there were regional differences between tree growth and climatic factors in various sampling sites of the whole study area. Temperature and precipitation were the important factors influencing tree growth in western (drier) upper treeline. However, tree growth was greatly limited by temperature at the upper treeline in the middle area, and was more limited by precipitation than temperature in the eastern (wetter) upper treeline.
A Genetic Map Constructed Using a Doubled Haploid Population Derived from Two Elite Chinese Common Wheat Varieties
Authors: Zhang Kun‐Pu , Zhao Liang , Tian Ji‐Chun , Chen Guang‐Feng , Jiang Xiao‐Ling , Liu Bin 
Published: August 2008

Abstract Genetic mapping provides a powerful tool for the analysis of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) at the genomic level. Herein, we report a new genetic linkage map developed from an F1‐derived doubled haploid (DH) population of 168 lines, which was generated from the cross between two elite Chinese common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties, Huapei 3 and Yumai 57. The map contained 305 loci, represented by 283 simple sequence repeat (SSR) and 22 expressed sequence tag (EST)‐SSR markers, which covered a total length of 2141.7 cM with an average distance of 7.02 cM between adjacent markers on the map. The chromosomal locations and map positions of 22 new SSR markers were determined, and were found to distribute on 14 linkage groups. Twenty SSR loci showed different chromosomal locations from those reported in other maps. Therefore, this map offers new information on the SSR markers of wheat. This genetic map provides new opportunities to detect and map QTLs controlling agronomically important traits. The unique features of this map are discussed.
Genetic diversity and biogeography of red turpentine beetleDendroctonus valensin its native and invasive regions
Authors: Cai Yan‐Wen , Cheng Xin‐Yue , Xu Ru‐Mei , Duan Dong‐Hong , Kirkendall Lawrence R. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractSequences of 479 bp region of the mitochondrial COI gene were applied to detect population genetic diversity and structure ofDendroctonus valenspopulations. By comparing the genetic diversity between native and invasive populations, it was shown that the genetic diversity of Chinese populations was obviously lower than that of native populations with both indices of haplotype diversity and Nei's genetic diversity, suggesting genetic bottleneck occurred in the invasive process ofD. valens, and was then followed by a relatively quick population buildup. According to phylogenetic analyses of haplotypes, we suggested that the origin of the Chinese population was from California, USA. Phylogenetic and network analysis of native populations ofD. valensrevealed strong genetic structure at two distinct spatial and temporal scales in North America. The main cause resulting in current biogeographic pattern was supposedly due to recycled glacial events. Meanwhile, a cryptic species might exist in the Mexican and Guatemalan populations.
Isolation of microsatellite loci in the pollinating fig wasp of Ficus hispida, Ceratosolen solmsi
Authors: Yu Hao , Zhang Tong‐Xin , Hu Hao‐Yuan , Niu Li‐Ming , Xiao Hui , Zhang Yan‐Zhou , Huang Da‐Wei 
Published: August 2008

AbstractMicrosatellite loci were isolated for Ceratosolen solmsi, pollinator of the dioecious Ficus hispida. We developed nine polymorphic microsatellite loci based on the method of polymerase chain reaction isolation of microsatellite arrays (PIMA). Enrichment of genomic libraries was performed by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). A subset of 38 positive clones was sequenced; 15 clones showed microsatellite loci. We tested 15 designed primer pairs and nine of them produced polymorphic amplification in 48 individual wasps collected from different fruits of the dioecious host fig Ficus hispida in China. Among the 48 individuals, 49 alleles were obtained at the nine loci. The observed heterozygosity ranged between 0.357 and 0.634.
Effect of Verticillium lecanii on biological characteristics and life table of Serangium japonicum (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), a predator of whiteflies under laboratory conditions
Authors: Fatiha Lazreg , Huang Zhen , Ren Shun‐Xiang , Ali Shaukat 
Published: August 2008

AbstractEffects of entomopathogenic fungus Verticillium lecanii on biological characteristics and life table of Serangium japonicum, a predator of whiteflies against five different conidial concentrations (1×104, 1×105, 1×106, 1×107, and 1×108 conidia/mL) were studied under laboratory conditions. The developmental periods for all immature stages (from eggs, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th instar nymph and pupae up to emergence) among the treatments were significantly different when compared to that of control, and the longest development period was observed as treated with 1×108 spore/mL. However, no significant difference on the percent survival of all immature stages was observed among the treatments and control. Also, there were no significantly different effects of V. lecanii on mean generation time, intrinsic rate, the finite rate of increase and longevity of S. japonicum among the treatments and control.
Spatial distributions of the leafminer Ophiomyia maura (Diptera: Agromyzidae) in host plant Aster ageratoides
Authors: Ayabe Yoshiko , Shibata Ei'ichi 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe seasonal occurrence and among‐plant and within‐plant spatial distribution of the multivoltine leafminer Ophiomyia maura Meigen (Diptera: Agromyzidae) on the herbaceous plant Aster ageratoides Turcz. subsp. ovatus (Asteraceae) were investigated in the field. O. maura has at least four generations a year and mines per leaf fluctuate with a mean of 0.007 throughout the occurrence period. Seasonal occurrence is associated with abundance of new host leaves, suggesting O. maura females prefer to oviposit in newly emerged leaves. The among‐plant distribution of O. maura is described by a Poisson distribution early in the season but tends to be weakly clumped later. The within‐plant vertical distribution of larval mines increased from middle to upper leaves during plant development, because mined leaves in the middle position early in the season move downward with the emergence of new leaves, shifting mined leaves from the position where O. maura oviposits eggs. Later in the season, mined leaves remain where they are deposited because few new leaves emerge. The spatial distribution of O. maura, resource utilization patterns, and host plant characteristics are discussed.
Colonization patterns of the red turpentine beetle,Dendroctonus valens(Coleoptera: Curculionidae), in the Luliang Mountains, China
Authors: Liu Zhudong , Zhang Longwa , Shi Zhanghong , Wang Bo , Tao Wan Qiang , Sun Jiang‐hua 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe alien red turpentine beetle (RTB),Dendroctonus valensLeConte, is one of the most economically destructive forest pests in China, having killed more than 6 million pines in recent years. There is a need to understand the basic biology and ecology of the beetle in order to develop an effective monitoring and management strategy. In this study, the effects of hillside exposure (south‐ and north‐facing), host‐tree locations according to relief (valley, mid‐slope, and ridge‐top) and tree diameters on RTB colonization were investigated in one valley (3 sites). The results showed that (i) RTB clearly preferred colonizing pines growing on south‐facing hillsides, especially in the valley; (ii) RTB preferred to colonize the pines growing at the valley rather than pines growing at mid‐slope or on ridge‐top; (iii) RTB preferred to colonize trees with large diameter over small and medium‐sized pines; (iv) the attack density of RTBs (measured by pitch tubes/pine) was obviously higher on larger trees standing in the valley than other trees standing at other places. We conclude from RTB colonization patterns, that RTB prefers to attack large trees in the valley, which may be useful in developing a pest‐management strategy.
Similarities and differences in the peering‐jump behavior of three grasshopper species (Orthoptera: Caelifera)
Authors: Kral Karl 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe peering‐jump behavior was studied for the common field grasshopper Chorthippus brunneus, the meadow grasshopper C. parallelus and the alpine grasshopper Miramella alpina (Orthoptera, Caelifera). It was found that immediately before jumping M. alpina executes primarily unilateral object‐related peering movements, with approximately twice the amplitude and velocity of the predominantly bilateral object‐related peering movements of the other two species. Whereas M. alpina almost always jumped toward the black stripes in the experimental arena, the other species jumped toward both the black stripes and the white spaces between them. All three species preferred the same pattern of black stripes, which permitted them to view one black stripe frontally, with an additional black stripe to the left and right, in the lateral visual field. The similarities and differences in the peering‐jump behavior of the three grasshopper species is discussed with regard to visual perception (parallax cues) and environmental adaptation.
CAPILLARY EXTRUSION VISCOMETER FOR THE VISCOSITY MEASUREMENT OF FISH PROTEIN PASTE
Authors: KIM BYUNG Y. , PARK JAE W. 
Published: August 2008

ABSTRACTTo overcome various limitations of conventional viscometers in measuring salted or unsalted surimi paste, a capillary extrusion viscometer was developed. The viscosity of surimi paste was measured as a function of moisture content (MC) (75–80%), salt content (2–4%) and liquid egg white (LEW) content (2–4%). As moisture, salt and LEW contents increased, viscosity gradually decreased. The viscosity values, as affected by MCs, showed a highly negative relationship with fracture properties of surimi gel, especially shear stress from the torsion test, indicating that MC is linearly correlated to the strength of gels at fracture. This easy and quick viscosity measurement can effectively facilitate the production control of comminuted muscle foods, including surimi paste.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThere had been a difficulty to measure the exact viscosity of comminuted muscle food pastes when conventional viscometers were used. This was due to the non‐linearity between dilution rates and viscosity of muscle paste, or limited range of shear rate during viscosity measurement. New developed small capillary extrusion viscometer can measure a wide range of comminuted muscle paste viscosity. When using this capillary viscometer, flow behavior of non‐Newtonian surimi paste and other comminuted muscle paste can be well defined.
IMPROVING THE QUALITY AND SHELF LIFE OF TURKISH ALMOND PASTE
Authors: CAPANOGLU ESRA , BOYACIOGLU DILEK 
Published: August 2008

ABSTRACT Almond paste is an economically valuable product produced from almonds, sugar and a small amount of water. Oxidative rancidity and oil separation are the major problems that are encountered in the paste products affecting the shelf life. Another problem appears to be drying on the surface of the product resulting in poor consumer acceptability. In this study, the formulation of product was altered by adding a commercial stabilizer, antioxidant mixture and maltose syrup to prevent undesirable quality changes during storage at 4C and 30C. Peroxide value, free fatty acid and Rancimat analysis showed that the addition of antioxidant mixture prevented oxidation effectively and improved sensory scores significantly (P ≤ 0.05). Although stabilizer addition had a detrimental effect on the textural properties, samples that have maltose had high sensory scores. The results showed that incorporation of maltose syrup and antioxidant may improve the texture and shelf life of almond paste.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThe available literature on almond paste is mainly focused on the microbiological quality of the product and the prevention of spoilage reactions by modifying packaging materials. However, there is no report on the optimization of the composition to extend the shelf life of almond paste. Turkish almond paste, a healthy and expensive dessert, is a specialty product that is manufactured by using traditional grinding equipment. However, the limited shelf life of this product decreases its export potential resulting in economical losses. Therefore, improved shelf life and quality of the product is of importance from the economical point of view. In our study, we aimed to improve the quality and shelf life of Turkish almond paste by modifying its formulation in order to minimize the undesirable changes that occur during storage.
QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS OF CORN NOODLES CONTAINING GELATINIZED STARCH, TRANSGLUTAMINASE AND GUM
Authors: YALCIN SEDA , BASMAN ARZU 
Published: August 2008

ABSTRACTEffects of gelatinized corn flour addition level (40, 60 and 80%), gum (locust bean gum or xanthan gum, 3%) and/or transglutaminase (TG, 0.5%) on quality characteristics of corn noodle were investigated. Gelatinized corn flour was used as a binder for remaining untreated corn flour (60, 40 and 20%). Corn noodles were evaluated in terms of cooking properties (cooking loss, total organic matter (TOM), water absorption, swelling volume and maximum force), color, sensory and pasting properties. Noodle sample containing gelatinized corn flour at level of 80% exhibited best cooking and sensory properties. Gum and/or TG were added to this noodle formula. Gum improved noodle quality in terms of some cooking properties. Improving effect of xanthan gum was more obvious. Covalent crosslinks catalyzed by TG caused significantly lower cooking loss and TOM values. Gums generally caused increases in Rapid ViscoAnalyzer viscosity values of noodles. Gum and/or TG show great promise in processing of gluten‐free corn noodle.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSCeliac disease occurs in about one in 300 people in Europe. Lack of gluten in cereals that are safe for gluten‐free food causes major problems in dough processing and product quality. Technological difficulties in production and lack of awareness of number of celiac patients in need of gluten‐free products might restrict researches related to gluten‐free food. In recent years, various approaches to overcome the technological problems are arising. Searching for ingredients that have ability to mimic properties of gluten in production of gluten‐free food is the most common approach. We report herein beneficial effects of gelatinization, gum (locust bean gum, xanthan gum) and/or transglutaminase (TG) in gluten‐free corn noodle production. They have major improving effects in noodle quality and show great promise as a processing aid in bulk manufacture of gluten‐free corn noodle. To the best of our knowledge, there is no study investigating utilization of TG in gluten‐free corn noodles.
TENDERNESS, pH AND ACCEPTABILITY OF MEAT FROM PODOLIAN AND LIMOUSINE × PODOLIAN YOUNG BULLS
Authors: BRAGHIERI A. , CARLUCCI A. , GIROLAMI A. , NAPOLITANO F. 
Published: August 2008

ABSTRACT The relationships between meat pH, sensory tenderness and acceptability for Podolian (P) and Limousine × Podolian (LP) beef were investigated. Negative linear relationships between pH measured at each of 1, 24 and 48 h post mortem and sensory tenderness were found at 2 (P < 0.001) and 7 days of ageing (P < 0.05). At 7 days of ageing, sensory tenderness was higher (P < 0.001) than that at 2 days of ageing. LP beef showed higher sensory tenderness (P < 0.001) than P. The regression between perceived tenderness and acceptability was separately calculated for LP and P beef. Both were significant (P < 0.01 and P < 0.001, respectively). In addition, a significant difference was observed between the two regression coefficients (P < 0.05), indicating that the two variables were more associated for P than LP beef.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSMeat acceptability is obviously related to tenderness. More interestingly, other factors (e.g., familiarity, age, etc.) can affect product acceptability. In fact, the same product can be perceived by some consumers as being tough, whereas it can be considered tender by others, corresponding to low and high levels of acceptability, respectively. Therefore, along with treatments aimed to increase tenderness (e.g., ageing), information about the product, age and familiarity of consumers, etc., can increase the acceptability of meats, which are less tender because of their intrinsic properties.
QUALITY CHANGES OF “SHIRO” YELLOW PLUMS IN RESPONSE TO TREATMENT WITH 1‐METHYLCYCLOPROPENE
Authors: DeELL J.R. , MURR D.P. , EHSANI‐MOGHADDAM B. 
Published: August 2008

ABSTRACTThe overall objective of this study was to assess the effects of 1‐methylcyclopropene (1‐MCP) on the quality of yellow “Shiro” plums. During 2 years of study, plums were harvested from commercial orchards and exposed to 1 µL/L of 1‐MCP for 24 h at 0C. Following treatment, the fruit were held at 0C for 0, 2 or 4 weeks and then evaluated for quality during a 2‐week ripening period at 22C. In general, plums treated with 1‐MCP were firmer, had higher soluble solids concentration (SSC) and retained more green color than non‐treated fruits. The effect of 1‐MCP on firmness was greater in plums from earlier harvests and in those stored for 4 weeks at 0C. 1‐MCP treatment also reduced CO2production, ethylene and hydrophobic total volatiles in “Shiro” plums but these effects were reduced or lost with longer storage time.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThe use of 1‐MCP could be beneficial for extending the marketing window of “Shiro” plums, since firmness retention is improved and the color change from green to yellow is delayed. The limited effect of 1‐MCP on CO2and ethylene production may be advantageous in that these are delayed and not completely inhibited. In climacteric fruits such as plum, the limited period of 1‐MCP effectiveness could be a benefit when successful 1‐MCP application requires a delay, rather than irretrievable inhibition of the ripening processes, which reduces marketability.
AN EFFICIENT DNA‐EXTRACTION PROTOCOL FOR NUT SEEDS
Authors: AKKAK AZIZ , BOCCACCI PAOLO , BOTTA ROBERTO 
Published: August 2008

ABSTRACT Establishing genetic origin of food products allows verification of the authenticity of valuable foods and discourages adulteration with material of lower cost and value. This is particularly important for food products that have obtained European recognition. The use of molecular markers could be a solution for species and cultivar identification and for the genetic traceability. The development of efficient DNA‐extraction protocols is an essential step for the procedure. In this work, a method for total DNA isolation was developed for hazelnut, almond and walnut seeds. The efficiency and reliability of the method was tested by assessing quantity and quality of the extracted DNA, and by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) amplification, using two decamer primers and three universal primer pairs designed on the chloroplast DNA. The success of amplifications confirmed the presence of both nuclear and chloroplast DNA in the extracted sample. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSCultivar identification of nuts, based on morphological traits only, is often difficult, and adulterations with seeds of lower cost and quality are easy, above all when they are sold as shelled kernel, as is common for hazelnut. The genetic identification of cultivars is nowadays a routine practice, because of the development of DNA‐typing techniques based on molecular markers. An efficient DNA‐extraction procedure for hazelnut, almond and walnut seeds is a preliminary step required for enabling the recognition of the cultivar of origin of the nuts and fighting commercial frauds. It will also be useful in marker‐assisted selection, applied in breeding.