bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cancer screening with multicancer detection tests: A translational science review
Authors: Rubinstein Wendy S. , Patriotis Christos , Dickherber Anthony , Han Paul K. J. , Katki Hormuzd A. , LeeVan Elyse , Pinsky Paul F. , Prorok Philip C. , Skarlupka Amanda L. , Temkin Sarah M. , Castle Philip E. , Minasian Lori M. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMulticancer detection (MCD) tests use a single, easily obtainable biospecimen, such as blood, to screen for more than one cancer concurrently. MCD tests can potentially be used to improve early cancer detection, including cancers that currently lack effective screening methods. However, these tests have unknown and unquantified benefits and harms. MCD tests differ from conventional cancer screening tests in that the organ responsible for a positive test is unknown, and a broad diagnostic workup may be necessary to confirm the location and type of underlying cancer. Among two prospective studies involving greater than 16,000 individuals, MCD tests identified those who had some cancers without currently recommended screening tests, including pancreas, ovary, liver, uterus, small intestine, oropharyngeal, bone, thyroid, and hematologic malignancies, at early stages. Reported MCD test sensitivities range from 27% to 95% but differ by organ and are lower for early stage cancers, for which treatment toxicity would be lowest and the potential for cure might be highest. False reassurance from a negative MCD result may reduce screening adherence, risking a loss in proven public health benefits from standard‐of‐care screening. Prospective clinical trials are needed to address uncertainties about MCD accuracy to detect different cancers in asymptomatic individuals, whether these tests can detect cancer sufficiently early for effective treatment and mortality reduction, the degree to which these tests may contribute to cancer overdiagnosis and overtreatment, whether MCD tests work equally well across all populations, and the appropriate diagnostic evaluation and follow‐up for patients with a positive test.
Peran guru PAUD dalam mengimplementasikan kurikulum berbasis karakter
Authors: Pujianti Yuli , Nuryati Entin , Aminah Siti , Komara Endang , Mulyanto Agus 
Published: March 2024

Lembaga PAUD, bersama dengan keluarga dan lingkungan anak itu sendiri, memainkan peran yang sangat penting dalam pembentukan karakter anak usia dini. Guru di PAUD memiliki peran besar dalam meningkatkan pendidikan karakter anak. Guru harus memberikan contoh yang baik kepada anak agar anak dapat meniru apa yang dikatakan. Guru akan membantu anak menerapkan nilai-nilai karakter. Guru juga digugu dan ditiru oleh anak didiknya. Tujuan dari kegiatan PKM adalah untuk memberikan pemahaman kepada guru PAUD tentang implementasi kurikulum berbasis karakter pada anak usia dini sampai penilaian tentang implementasi kurikulum karakter yang sudah diterapkan oleh lembaga PAUD masing-masing. Lembaga mitra kegiatan PKM adalah ketua IGTKI Kecamatan Kebayoran Baru, Jakarta Selatan. Peserta dalam kegiatan ini sebanyak 22 orang terdiri dari kepala sekolah dan guru PAUD. Metode yang digunakan dalam kegiatan PKM adalah seminar dan workshop. Pengumpulan data dengan memberikan instrumen berupa angket kepada guru dalam bentuk google form. Hasil dari kegiatan ini adalah guru-guru sangat antusias ketika narasumber menjelaskan materi, hal ini terlihat dari banyaknya pertanyaan dari guru. Selain itu, guru mendapatkan buku saku yang berisi contoh penerapan kurikulum karakter pada anak usia dini.
Hepatic mRNA expression of innate and adaptive immune genes in beef steers with divergent residual body weight gain
Authors: Ologunagba Deborah , Idowu Modoluwamu , Taiwo Godstime , Sidney Taylor , Treon Emily , Eichie Francisca , Bebe Frederick , Ogunade Ibukun M. 
Published: March 2024

Immune function plays a pivotal role in dictating the overall health and productivity of cattle. In a proficient immune system, the liver assumes an integral function in detoxification and metabolic processes and contributes substantially to overall production and immunity. In this study, we evaluated the hepatic mRNA expression of genes involved in innate and adaptive immunity in crossbred beef steers with positive or negative residual body weight gain (RADG). Positive-RADG beef steers (n = 8; RADG = 0.73 kg/d) and negative-RADG beef steers (n = 8; RADG = -0.69 kg/d) were identified from a group of 108 growing crossbred beef steers (average BW = 556 ± 38 kg) after a 56-d performance testing period. At the end of the 56-d period, liver tissue samples were collected from the beef steers for RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis. The mRNA expression of 84 genes involved in innate and adaptive immunity were analyzed using pathway-focused PCR-based arrays. The mRNA expression of genes with false discovery rate-adjusted P-values (FDR) ≤ 0.05 and absolute fold change (FC) ≥ 1.2 were determined to be differentially expressed. Out of the 84 genes analyzed, four genes (IL-2, MYD88, CD-80, NFkB-1) were differentially expressed and were all upregulated in positive compared with negative-RADG beef steers. IL-2 is a cytokine that plays a critical role in the immune response by activating and proliferating T-cells, which are important for fighting infections. MYD88 is an adaptor protein that is essential for signaling by toll-like receptors, which are involved in pathogen recognition. CD80 is a protein that is expressed on the surface of antigen-presenting cells and plays a critical role in the initiation of an immune response. The activation of NF-κB leads to the production of cytokines and chemokines that help to recruit immune cells to the site of infection. The upregulation of the aforementioned genes in positive-RADG beef steers suggests that they had a better ability than negative-RADG beef steers to quickly recognize pathogens and initiate appropriate responses to effectively fight off infections without causing inflammatory reactions, potentially contributing to their better feed efficiency.
Characterization of the gut microbiota and fecal and blood metabolomes under various factors in urban children from Northwest China
Authors: Yang Yan , Chen Juanjuan , Gao Huiyu , Cui Minglu , Zhu Mingyu , Xiang Xuesong , Wang Qi 
Published: March 2024

IntroductionChildren have regional dynamics in the gut microbiota development trajectory. Hitherto, the features and influencing factors of the gut microbiota and fecal and plasma metabolites in children from Northwest China remain unclear.MethodsShotgun metagenomic sequencing and untargeted metabolomics were performed on 100 healthy volunteers aged 2-12 years.ResultsAge, body mass index (BMI), regular physical exercise (RPE), and delivery mode (DM) significantly affect gut microbiota and metabolites. Lactobacillus, Butyricimonas, Prevotella, Alistipes, and predicted pathway propanoate production were significantly increased with age while Bifidobacterium breve, B. animalis, B. pseudocatenulatum, Streptococcus infantis, and carbohydrate degradation were decreased. Fecal metabolome revealed that the metabolism of caffeine, amino acids, and lipid significantly increased with age while galactose metabolism decreased. Noticeably, BMI was positively associated with pathogens including Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum, Parabacteroides distasonis, Ruminococcus gnavus, and amino acid metabolism but negatively associated with beneficial Akkermansia muciniphila, Alistipes finegoldii, Eubacterium ramulus, and caffeine metabolism. RPE has increased probiotic Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Anaerostipes hadrus, acetate and lactate production, and major nutrient metabolism in gut and plasma, but decreased pathobiont Bilophila wadsworthia, taurine degradation, and pentose phosphate pathway. Interestingly, DM affects the gut microbiota and metabolites throughout the whole childhood. Bifidobacterium animalis, Lactobacillus mucosae, L. ruminis, primary bile acid, and neomycin biosynthesis were enriched in eutocia, while anti-inflammatory Anaerofustis stercorihominis, Agathobaculum butyriciproducens, Collinsella intestinalis, and pathogenic Streptococcus salivarius, Catabacter hongkongensis, and amino acid metabolism were enriched in Cesarean section children.DiscussionOur results provided theoretical and data foundation for the gut microbiota and metabolites in preadolescent children’s growth and development in Northwest China.
Quantitative proteomics analysis reveals an important role of the transcriptional regulator UidR in the bacterial biofilm formation of Aeromonas hydrophila
Authors: Li Xiaoyan , Tian Feng , Zhang Binghui , Zhang Lishan , Chen Xiaomeng , Lin Xiaoke , Wang Yuqian , Lin Xiangmin , Liu Yanling 
Published: March 2024

IntroductionBacterial biofilm is a well-known characteristic that plays important roles in diverse physiological functions, whereas the current intrinsic regulatory mechanism of its formation is still largely unknown. MethodsIn the present study, a label-free based quantitative proteomics technology was conducted to compare the differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) between ΔuidR and the wild-type strain in the biofilm state.ResultsThe results showed that the deletion of gene uidR encoding a TetR transcriptional regulator significantly increased the biofilm formation in Aeromonas hydrophila. And there was a total of 220 DEPs, including 120 up-regulated proteins and 100 down-regulated proteins between ΔuidR and the wild-type strain based on the quantitative proteomics. Bioinformatics analysis suggested that uidR may affect bacterial biofilm formation by regulating some related proteins in glyoxylic acid and dicarboxylic acid pathway. The expressions of selected proteins involved in this pathway were further confirmed by q-PCR assay, and the results was in accordance with the quantitative proteomics data. Moreover, the deletion of four genes (AHA_3063, AHA_3062, AHA_4140 and aceB) related to the glyoxylic acid and dicarboxylic acid pathway lead to a significant decrease in the biofilm formation. DiscussionThus, the results indicated that uidR involved in the regulatory of bacterial biofilm formation, and it may provide a potential target for the drug development and a new clue for the prevention of pathogenic A. hydrophila in the future.
Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of immunotherapy in sarcoma: a two-center study
Authors: Liao Zhichao , Teng Jianjin , Li Tao , Liu Haotian , Li Ting , Zhang Chao , Xing Ruwei , Teng Sheng , Yang Yun , Zhao Jun , Xiao Wanyi , Zhang Gengpu , Li Mulin Jun , Yao Weitao , Yang Jilong 
Published: March 2024

BackgroundSarcoma is a highly heterogeneous malignancy with a poor prognosis. Although chemotherapy and targeted therapy have improved the prognosis to some extent, the efficacy remains unsatisfactory in some patients. The efficacy and safety of immunotherapy in sarcoma need further evaluation.MethodsWe conducted a two-center study of sarcoma patients receiving PD-1 immunotherapy at Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital and Henan Provincial Cancer Hospital. The treatment regimens included PD-1 inhibitor monotherapy and combination therapy based on PD-1 inhibitors. The observed primary endpoints were median progression-free survival (mPFS) and median overall survival (mOS). Survival curves were compared using the Kaplan−Meier method.ResultsA total of 43 patients were included from the two centers. The median follow-up time for all patients was 13 months (range, 1-48 months). In the group of 37 patients with advanced or unresectable sarcoma, the mPFS was 6 months (95%CI: 5-12 months), and the mOS was 16 months (95%CI: 10-28 months). The ORR was 10.8% (4/37), and the DCR was 18.9% (7/37). Subgroup analysis showed no significant differences in mPFS (p=0.11) and mOS (p=0.88) between patients with PD-L1 negative/positive expression. There were also no significant differences in mPFS (p=0.13) or mOS (p=0.72) between PD-1 inhibitor monotherapy and combination therapy. Additionally, there were no significant differences in mPFS (p=0.52) or mOS (p=0.49) between osteogenic sarcoma and soft tissue sarcoma. Furthermore, the results showed no significant differences in mPFS (p=0.66) or mOS (p=0.96) between PD-1 inhibitors combined with targeted therapy and PD-1 inhibitors combined with AI chemotherapy. Among the 6 patients receiving adjuvant therapy after surgery, the mPFS was 15 months (95%CI: 6-NA months), and the mOS was not reached. In terms of safety, most adverse events were mild (grade 1-2) and manageable. The most severe grade 4 adverse events were bone marrow suppression, which occurred in 4 patients but resolved after treatment. There was also one case of a grade 4 adverse event related to hypertension.ConclusionImmunotherapy is an effective treatment modality for sarcoma with manageable safety. Further inclusion of more patients or prospective clinical trials is needed to validate these findings.
A novel nomogram to predict futile recanalization in patients with acute ischemic stroke undergoing mechanical thrombectomy
Authors: Lai Cheng-cai , Yao Yin-dan , Li Xia , Liu Ao-fei , Li Chen , Liu Yun-e , Jiang Chang-chun , Zhang Ying-ying , Jin Min , Lv Jin , Jiang Wei-jian 
Published: March 2024

Background and objectiveFutile recanalization (FR) is defined as patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) due to large vessel occlusion who still exhibits functional dependence although undergoing successful mechanical thrombectomy (MT). We aimed to develop and validate a simple nomogram for predicting the probability of FR after MT treatment in AIS patients.MethodsClinical data of AIS patients in the Jrecan clinical trial in China from March 2018 to June 2019 were collected as the derivation set (n = 162). Meanwhile, clinical data of AIS patients who underwent MT in Baotou Central Hospital and Ningbo No.2 Hospital from 2019 to 2021 were collected as the validation set (n = 170). Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed for all variables that had p &lt; 0.2 in the univariate analysis in the derivation set. The independent risk factors of FR were further screened out and a nomogram was constructed. The performance of the nomogram was analyzed in the derivation and validation set using C-index, calibration plots, and decision curves.ResultsNo significant difference in FR rate was detected between the derivation set and the validation set [88/162 (54.32%) and 82/170 (48.23%), p = 0.267]. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age ≥ 65 years old (OR = 2.096, 95%CI 1.024–4.289, p = 0.043), systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥ 180 mmHg (OR = 5.624, 95%CI 1.141–27.717, p = 0.034), onset to recanalization time (OTR) ≥ 453 min (OR = 2.759, 95%CI 1.323–5.754, p = 0.007), 24 h intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH; OR = 4.029, 95%CI 1.844 ~ 8.803, p &lt; 0.001) were independent risk factors for FR. The C-index of the nomogram of the derivation set and the verification set were 0.739 (95%CI 0.662~0.816) and 0.703 (95%CI 0.621~0.785), respectively.ConclusionThe nomogram composed of age, SBP, OTR, and 24 h ICH can effectively predict the probability of FR after MT in AIS patients.
TOAST stroke subtype classification in clinical practice: implications for the Get With The Guidelines-Stroke nationwide registry
Authors: Rathburn Cecelia M. , Mun Katherine T. , Sharma Latisha K. , Saver Jeffrey L. 
Published: March 2024

IntroductionThe TOAST (Trial of ORG 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment) is the most commonly used ischemic stroke subtype classification system worldwide and a required field in the US National Get With The Guidelines-Stroke (GWTG-Stroke) registry. However, stroke diagnostics have advanced substantially since the TOAST classification was designed 30 years ago, potentially making it difficult to apply reliably.MethodsIn this prospective diagnostic accuracy study, we analyzed consecutive ischemic stroke patients admitted to a Comprehensive Stroke Center between July–October 2021. Clinical practice TOAST classification diagnoses rendered by the stroke team in the electronic medical record (EMR) at discharge were retrieved from GWTG-Stroke registry and compared to a reference (“gold”) standard diagnosis derived from agreement between two expert raters after review of the EMR and patient imaging.ResultsAmong 49 patients; age was 72.3 years (±12.1), 53% female, and presenting NIHSS median 3 (IQR 1–11). Work-up included: brain imaging in 100%; cardiac rhythm assessment in 100%; cervical/cerebral vessel imaging in 98%; TTE ± TEE in 92%; and TCD emboli evaluation in 51%. Reference standard diagnoses were: LAA-6%, SVD-14%, CE-39%, OTH-10%, UND-M (more than one cause)-20%, and UND-C (cryptogenic)-10%. GWTG-Stroke TOAST diagnoses agreed with reference standard diagnoses in 30/49 (61%). Among the 6 subtype diagnoses, specificity was generally high (84.8%–97.7%), but sensitivity suboptimal for LAA (33%), OTH (60%), UND-M (10%), and UND-C (20%). Positive predictive value was suboptimal for 5 of the 6 subtypes: LAA (13%), SVD (58%), OTH (75%), UND-M (50%), and UND-C (50%).DiscussionClinical practice TOAST classification subtype diagnoses entered into the GWTG-Stroke registry were accurate in only 61% of patients, a performance rate that, if similarly present at other centers, would hamper the ability of the national registry to provide dependable insights into subtype-related care. Development of an updated ischemic stroke subtype classification system, with algorithmic logic embedded in electronic medical records, is desirable.
Predicting willingness to consume healthy brand foods using the theory of planned behavior: the role of nutritional literacy
Authors: Chilón-Troncos Rony Francisco , García-Salirrosas Elizabeth Emperatriz , Escobar-Farfán Manuel , Millones-Liza Dany Yudet , Villar-Guevara Miluska 
Published: March 2024

IntroductionThe willingness to consume healthy foods has highlighted the growing importance of health, even more so when it comes to food choice, and predicting the willingness to consume foods of a healthy brand represents an action that leads to the practice of conscious eating habits, but what is behind this willingness? To answer this question and based on previous studies such as the theory of planned behavior and nutritional literacy, this study aimed to build a predictive model through an empirical study to examine the influence of nutritional literacy (NL) on attitude (ATT), subjective norm (SN) and perceived behavioral control (PBC), as well as to determine the influence of the three variables of the theory of planned behavior (TPB) on the willingness to consume healthy brand foods (WCHBF) in the Peruvian market.MethodsThe research focused on the population that stated that they were consumers of the Unión brand (a brand whose value proposition is the sale of healthy foods), obtaining 482 consumers. The study was conducted under a quantitative, non-experimental, cross-sectional design approach.ResultsThe results support the existence of a positive and significant effect of NL on ATT, SN, and PBC, finding the exact behavior of SN and PBC in WCHBF; however, in the proposed model, it is observed that ATT has no impact on WCHBF.ConclusionApplying strategies that lead to a change in consumer behavior towards healthy brands is a matter of time and will. In this context, the findings indicate that nutritional literacy plays an essential role in the willingness to consume healthy foods, which sheds more light on the design of educational interventions and awareness campaigns that independently inform about nutritional benefits and empower consumers, allowing them to make informed and healthy choices.
Risk and protection factors of mental stress among medical staff in the third year of the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Eichenberg Christiane , Schneider Raphaela , Auvera Phillip , Aranyi Gabor , Huber Kurt 
Published: March 2024

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic placed an extraordinary burden on health care workers (HCW), who are reported to suffer from great mental stress. The current study investigates the mental health of HCW in the later phases of the pandemic.MethodsHCW completed the following questionnaires online (06/2021-02/2022, N=159): demographics (age, gender, profession, ward), Impact of Event Scale (IES-R, posttraumatic stress), State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-S, state anxiety), stress-coping questionnaire (SVF-78), and bespoke corona-specific stress and protective-factor questions (5 items each). We used factor analysis to test scale properties and regression-type methods (t-tests, ANOVA, multiple regression) for hypothesis tests and effect-size estimation.Results/discussionMental stress in HCW is influenced by similar factors as described for earlier phases. However, differences to earlier phases were found in ward affiliation which is no longer a variable of concern for explaining differences in mental health of HCW. Further, even if nurses are the occupational group with the highest mental stress as in prior research, detailed analysis shows that medical specialists with close proximity to patients with a high-level of responsibility are the most burdened sub-group. Unlike nurses, they suffer from high levels of anxiety in addition to high levels of post-traumatic and COVID-specific stress. Analyses showed further that COVID-specific stress is the strongest predictor of mental stress, wherein COVID-specific stress factors remain the same as reported in literature on the early pandemic phases. HCW showed to use still more positive than negative coping strategies. Negative strategies increased as expected mental stress, whereas positive strategies alleviated only anxiety. Additionally, we found that doctors benefited from many protective factors while nurses had access to fewer protective factors like earlier waves.ConclusionData show that HCW still suffer from mental stress in the third year of the pandemic. HCW of all hospital wards may be affected by mental stress and need attention and protective measures. Medical specialists are the most burdened subgroup. Detailed analyses show that properties other than occupation, gender, or ward affiliation are more appropriate to evaluate mental stress of HCW. The findings have implications for developing specialized protection strategies for the post-pandemic phase and future pandemics.