bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protection of Calves Against Rhinovirus Infection by Nasal Secretion Interferon Induced by Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis Virus
Authors: Cummins Joseph Μ. , Rosenquist Bruce D. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Six calves were inoculated intranasally with a vaccinal strain of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (ibr) virus, and six calves were given a placebo. All calves were challenge exposed (aerosol) with a bovine rhinovirus 4 days later. Nasal excretion of ibr virus and rhinovirus, interferon concentrations in the nasal secretions (ns), and serum antibody were measured before, and at times after, calves were inoculated.
All calves given ibr virus had detectable interferon in their ns. Four of the calves had interferon in their ns at 24 hours after ibr viral inoculation. All six calves had interferon at 2, 4, and 5 days, and 5 calves continued to have interferon in their ns at 7 days after ibr viral inoculation. Nasal excretion of ibr virus usually persisted longer than did secretion of interferon. Interferon was not detected in the ns of control calves after challenge exposure with rhinovirus. Serum interferon was not detected in any calf.
After rhinovirus challenge, nasal excretion of rhinovirus was detected only one time in one calf given ibr virus. In contrast, rhinovirus excretion was detected in five control calves on at least two consecutive days. Excretion of rhinovirus was detected in 3 control calves at 6 days, in 2 calves at 10 days, and 1 calf at 14 days after rhinovirus inoculation. Clinical signs of respiratory tract disease were not observed in control calves excreting rhinovirus. All of the 12 calves in the experiment had serum antibody against rhinovirus at the time of challenge exposure, but this antibody did not protect against infection of the controls as evidenced by rhinovirus excretion in the ns.
Observations on the Histogenesis of Bovine Ruminal Papillae
Authors: Arias J. L. , Vial E. , Cabrera R. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Changes in numbers of epithelial and connective tissue cells, thickness of connective tissue, and height and diameter of papillae were quantitated in fetal and postnatal bovine ruminal mucosa. During fetal development, the height of papillae and number of fibroblasts increased, the diameter of papillary base and thickness of subpapillary and interpapillary connective tissue remained constant, and the numbers of basal and superficial cells of the epithelium decreased. During the first 2 months of postnatal development, the height of papillae and numbers of fibroblasts enclosed in the papillary core decreased, and the diameter of the papillary base and the interpapillary distance increased. In consequence, the increase in connective tissue, rather than its redistribution, was involved in papillary development. The epithelial reorganization appeared to follow the changes occurring in the connective tissue, at least during fetal development.
Demonstration of Anaplasma marginale Theiler in Ticks by Tick Transmission, Animal Inoculation, and Fluorescent Antibody Studies
Authors: Kocan Katherine M. , Teel Kathleen D. , Hair Jakie A. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Cattle were inoculated with a Virginia isolate of Anaplasma marginale Theiler and served as an infective source for laboratory-reared Dermacentor andersoni Stiles and D variabilis (Say) nymphs. Transstadial transmission of A marginale was demonstrated by feeding the newly molted adult ticks of both species on susceptible cattle and by inoculation of gut and salivary gland homogenates collected from adult ticks at postattachment days 5 and 7. Oral secretions collected from the same group of ticks and inoculated into a susceptible cow did not cause infection. Fluorescent antibody studies of infected tick gut and salivary glands were positive, although smears of tick oral secretions were negative for fluorescence.
Arteriovenous and Arteriocentral Venous Relationships for pH, Pco2, and Actual Bicarbonate in Equine Blood Samples
Authors: Speirs V. C. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The relationships between arteriovenous and arteriocentral venous blood for pH, Pco2, and actual bicarbonate were investigated over various acid-base values produced by iv infusions of hydrochloric acid and sodium bicarbonate, by exercise, and by carbon dioxide rebreathing in horses under general anesthesia. The type and extent of the relationships and their usefulness in estimating the acid-base status of blood from venous and central venous blood were established.
There were highly significant straight-line relationships of pH, Pco2, and actual bicarbonate for the arteriovenous and arteriocentral venous comparisons which could not be improved by the use of quadratic expressions. The relationships could be refined in some instances by deriving extra regression equations, using data divided into groups according to the time of collection of the blood sample and the type of experimental procedure, and also by including the venous or central venous values as concomitant variables. Although these procedures were statistically significant, they were complex, and it was shown that there was little practical benefit gained by using regression equations derived from data grouped in this way, as compared with using the common regression equation derived from all the data.
The 95% tolerance limits were sufficiently large to limit the use of the regression equations for estimating single arterial blood values of pH, Pco2, and bicarbonate from venous or central venous blood to situations not requiring high accuracy. The results of the present report indicate that many clinical situations may be in this category, especially if the acid-base status of the horse differs significantly from accepted limits, and that limiting the use of regression equations may be relaxed if more than one type of blood sample is collected.
Experimental Infection of Pigs with a New Porcine Enteric Coronavirus, CV 777
Authors: Debouck P. , Pensaert Μ. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Cesarean-derived colostrum-deprived and conventionally reared pigs were orally inoculated with the coronavirus-like agent, CV 777, isolated from an outbreak of epizootic diarrhea in swine of all ages. Viral particles detected by electron microscopy in the feces and intestinal contents of inoculated pigs had the typical coronavirus morphology. The present studies provided further evidence that this coronavirus-like agent is different from the two known porcine coronaviruses, transmissible gastroenteritis virus and hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus.
The experimental infection of pigs with this new agent resulted in vomiting, diarrhea, and dehydration. This coronavirus-like agent was shown to replicate in the epithelial cells covering the small intestinal villi but, unlike transmissible gastroenteritis virus, it also replicated in the epithelial cells covering the large intestinal villi.
Effects of Hexachlorethane on the Milk Yields of Dairy Cows in North Florida Infected with Fasciola hepatica
Authors: Randell Wallace F. , Bradley Richard E. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Hexachlorethane was evaluated as a fasciolicide in dairy cattle under field conditions. After treatment with hexachlorethane, Fasciola hepatica- infected cows had a significant (P = 0.05) average daily milk yield increase (90 to 120 days after treatment) of + 4.2 kg/day (+ 5.0 kg/day for single treatment and + 4.0 kg/day for double treatment) over daily yields of the previous lactation. Nontreated controls and noninfected treated animals did not have significant gains over yields of the previous lactation.
A 73.0% efficacy was observed against egg production by F hepatica after a single treatment of 90 g of hexachlorethane/animal. After a 2- to 3-month interval, a second treatment produced a combined treatment efficacy against fluke egg production of 91.2%.
Canine Excretory Urogram: Correlation with Base-Line Measurements
Authors: Feeney D. A. , Barber D. L. , Culver D. H. , Prasse K. W. , Thrall D. E. , Lewis R. E. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Ten healthy, adult mongrel dogs were each given various dose levels of sodium iothalamate iv, and postinjection radiographs were made. Base-line plasma and urine osmolality, glomerular filtration rate, packed cell volume, plasma protein concentration, serum urea nitrogen concentration, serum creatinine concentration, and urine specific gravity were measured.
The base-line values and the dose of contrast medium were compared statistically with linear and density measurements made from the post-injection radiographs. Base-line plasma osmolality was directly related to the pyelographic and nephrographic density. The dose of contrast medium directly influenced the kidney length, the kidney, pelvic, diverticular, and ureteral widths, and the renal and diverticular densities despite variations in base-line values within accepted limits.
Inhibition of Lymphocyte Blastogenesis by Sera from Cows with Lymphoma
Authors: Jacobs R. M. , Valli V. E. O. , Wilkie B. N. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The sera from cows with lymphoma inhibit the blastogenesis of normal lymphocytes. The inhibitory sera were partially characterized. Twenty of 34 sera from cows with lymphoma caused inhibition, whereas 3 of 25 sera from healthy animals were inhibitory. Sera from 15 cows with various inflammatory conditions did not cause inhibition. Seventy-four cows were tested for responsiveness to phytohemagglutinin, and of this group, the stimulation indices of 25 animals which had antibody to the bovine leukemia virus did not differ from the remainder of the group. The inhibitory substance: (a) was heat stable at 56 C for 30 minutes, (b) was not overcome by the addition of phytohemagglutinin, (c) was active in a manner that was proportional to the concentration of serum in the culture media, (d) was not lymphocytotoxic at a concentration which was profoundly inhibitory to blastogenesis, (e) was found in the first peak eluted from a Sephadex G-200 column, (f) was nonspecifically active because it inhibited the blastogenesis of a panel of lymphocytes from healthy animals, (g) was present in 59% of cows with lymphoma in the terminal stages of disease, (h) was rarely present in healthy cows or cows with inflammatory conditions, and (i) was not associated with bovine leukemia virus infection in the absence of tumor development.
Effect of Hyaluronic Acid in Naturally Occurring and Experimentally Induced Osteoarthritis
Authors: Auer J. A. , Fackelman G. E. , Gingerich D. A. , Fetter A. W. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Effect of intraarticular injections of hyaluronic acid was evaluated in two groups of horses, using force plates to assess quantitatively the degree of lameness observed. In six horses, chip fractures were created surgically on the dorsomedial aspects of both radial carpal bones. After the horses were trained for 30 days, 40 mg of hyaluronic acid was injected intraarticularly into the limb showing the greater degree of lameness. Horses were worked for 2 more weeks and then were evaluated. A highly significant (P < 0.01) increase in weight bearing on the treated limb was observed.
Ten horses with clinical unilateral front limb lameness, involving a single joint, also were treated with 40 mg of hyaluronic acid. The day after the injection, the horses resumed training and were examined 2 weeks later. At that time, the horses were free from observable lameness, and this observation was corroborated by force plate data. According to their trainers, the horses’ performance improved markedly after the injection and remained improved.
Seemingly hyaluronic acid was beneficial when injected into the arthritic joints of these two groups of horses.
Experimental Transmission of African Swine Fever Virus by Omithodoros coriaceus an Argasid Tick Indigenous to the United States
Authors: Groocock C. M. , Hess W. R. , Gladney W. J. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Three ticks, indigenous to the United States, were assessed for their ability to maintain and transmit African swine fever virus (asfv). Amblyomma americanum and A cajennense adults and nymphs maintained virus for 4 to 7 days after engorging on infected swine blood; however, virus was not carried through the subsequent molt of nymphs and it was not transmitted vertically to the eggs and larvae of the infected females. On refeeding of the ticks, infection was not transmitted to healthy swine. Ornithodoros coriaceus adult females also did not show transovarial transmission of two strains of asfv. Nymphs, however, maintained virus for 77 to 118 days through a molting stage and transmitted one strain of the virus (Lisbon 60) to healthy swine.
A Simple Intestinal Cannula for Swine
Authors: Gargallo J. , Zimmerman D. R. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A T-cannula was designed for placement in the gastrointestinal tract of pigs used for nutritional studies. It was made from available and inexpensive polyvinylchloride plumbing fittings. The main advantages of the cannula are (1) light weight (32 g), (2) good tolerance by the animals, (3) short projection from the body wall, (4) minimal leakage, and (5) patency for several months. The caudal part of the ilea of ten pigs was cannulated with satisfactory results. Macroscopic alterations of the gastrointestinal tract were not observed when the animals were euthanatized.
Physiologic Features of the Canine Esophagus: Effect of Modified Heller's Esophagomyotomy
Authors: Hoffer R. E. , MacCoy D. Μ. , Gaynor F. , Moraff H. , Aron D. , Quick C. B. , Law K. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The effects of the modified Heller's esophagomyotomy on function of the lower esophageal sphincter in the dog were studied. In normal dogs, this surgical procedure produced a less competent lower esophageal sphincter that still maintained the ability to prevent esophageal reflux.
Physiologic Features of the Canine Esophagus: Effects of Tranquilization on Esophageal Motility
Authors: Gaynor F. , Hoffer R. E. , Nichols Μ. F. , Rosser E. , Moraff H. , Hahn A. W. , MacCoy D. Μ. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Esophageal motility was studied in clinically normal dogs. Mean values as to the time and pressure functions of esophageal peristaltic pressure curves are presented. Effects of two dosage levels of tranquilization on the time and pressure functions are reported.
Antigens of Campylobacter fetus subsp fetus Eliciting Vaccinal Immunity in Heifers
Authors: Border Maryon Μ. , Firehammer B. D. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
These studies were designed to identify the antigens of Campylobacter fetus subsp fetus that elicit vaccinal immunity. Heifers were vaccinated subcutaneously twice (42 days between vaccinations) with bacterins containing K, O, and H antigens (group A), O and H antigens (group B), or O antigen (group C) of the challenge strain. Five heifers were not vaccinated and served as controls (group D).
Two weeks after heifers were given the second vaccination, the immunity of all heifers was challenge exposed by inoculating a live culture against the cervical os. Cervicovaginal mucus samples were examined by microbiological culture technique, using a selective medium, at 7- and 14-day intervals after challenge exposure. One of the six vaccinated heifers in group A became infected, as did all vaccinated heifers in groups B and C and the controls (group D). Only heifers vaccinated with bacterin containing K antigen were resistant to experimental infection with C fetus subsp fetus (P = 0.0002).
Humoral antibody responses to whole-cell antigen were monitored, using a tube agglutination test, with and without treatment of the serum with 2-mercaptoethanol. An anamnestic antibody response of 2-mercaptoethanol-resistant antibody was detected in heifers in both groups A and B. An agglutination test (iggk) was developed to measure immunoglobulin G directed against the K antigen and was used in an attempt to correlate agglutination titers with the immunity to challenge exposure. With the iggk test, the serum agglutination titers of heifers in group A were significantly higher (P < 0.0001) than those of heifers in group B.
The results of these studies indicate that K antigen of C fetus subsp fetus elicits vaccinal immunity and that a direct correlation exists between the iggk test and immunity on a group basis.
Effect of Udder Inflammation on Milk Immunoglobulins and Phagocytosis
Authors: Guidry A. J. , Paape Μ. J. , Pearson R. E. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Udder inflammation was induced in two quarters in each of eight cows by infusing oyster glycogen in saline solution. Milk was collected before and after infusion for immunoglobulin (Ig) and phagocytosis assays. Milk Ig and bovine serum albumin were measured by single radial immunodiffusion. The concentrations (mg/ml) of the immunoglobulins (IgA, IgG1, IgG2, and IgM) and bovine serum albumin before and after infusion were: IgA = 0.064 (before), 0.084 (after); IgG1 = 0.323, 0.486; IgG2 = 0.046, 0.094; IgM = 0.091, 0.124; and bovine serum albumin = 0.207, 0.451. The fact that IgA, IgG1, IgG2, and IgM were significantly correlated with bovine serum albumin within the cows before and after inflammation suggests a passive transfer of these Ig during inflammation. Phagocytosis was determined by incubating polymorphonuclear leukocytes collected after infusion with 32P-tagged Staphylococcus aureus in autologous skim milk collected before and after infusion. The difference in percentage of phagocytosis before (42%) and after (36%) infusion was not significant. None of the Ig were significantly correlated with phagocytosis.
Microorganisms Associated with Abscesses of Sheep and Goats in the South of Iran
Authors: Tadayon R. A. , Cheema A. H. , Muhammed S. I. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A total of 86 abscesses (45 and 41 abscesses of sheep and goats, respectively) were examined for their causal agents; 44 of these abscesses were located subcutaneously, and the remaining 42 were in lungs, livers, intestines, and udders. A total of 23 different types of microorganisms were isolated from 78 abscesses; bacteria were not detected in the remaining eight abscesses. Microorganisms isolated were: species of the genera Corynebacterium, Staphylococcus, and Streptococcus and Pasteurella, Escherichia coli, and other gram-negative rods. Peptostreptococcus anaerobius and Eubacterium tortuosum were isolated in pure culture from one abscess each in goats. Two to four different microorganisms were associated with 25 of the 86 abscesses. It was determined that 11 isolates of Corynebacterium pyogenes, 2 isolates of Pasteurella haemolytica, 1 of P multocida, and 1 of C pseudotuberculosis were lethal to mice. Two of the C pyogenes isolates from subcutaneous spreading abscesses of goats were pathogenic for rabbits; these two isolates produced similar suppurative inflammation in goats experimentally, but did not cause death. As determined by experimental inoculation, goats were more susceptible than sheep to the two isolates. In nature, subcutaneous abscesses of goats associated with C pyogenes were of a more diffusive type which resulted in generalization of the infection and death of the animals. Postmortem examination of ten goats dying of field infection showed the presence of larvae of the warble-fly Przhevalskiana silenus at the site of infection.
Vascular Anatomy and Surgical Technique for Bilateral Adrenalectomy in the Equid
Authors: Slone D. E. , Vaughan J. T. , Garrett P. D. , Vaden Μ. F. , Purohit R. C. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The vascular anatomy of the adrenal glands and a surgical technique for bilateral adrenalectomy in the equid are described. Bilateral adrenalectomy was performed in six ponies and one horse via bilateral transcostal retroperitoneal approaches through the 18th rib during a single anesthetic period. Complications included hemorrhage from the right side only and pneumothorax which usually occurred on the right side. One pony died as a result of the surgical technique. Maintenance of adrenal function was accomplished with desoxycorticosterone pivilate and prednisolone.
Heterotransplantation of Feline Malignant Tumors in Nude Thymusless Mice
Authors: Ladiges W. C. , Van Hoosier G. L. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The nude mouse was used to evaluate transplantation of feline tumors and subsequent doxorubicin chemotherapy. Three mammary gland adenocarcinomas and one salivary gland adenocarcinoma were readily transplanted. All were successfully passed at least once. The two sarcomas, a fibrosarcoma and a malignant hemangioendothelioma, failed to grow when transplanted. Growth rates for the adenocarcinomas appeared to be specific for individual tumors. Generally, tumor weights increased five to eight times by days 40 to 50. Structural changes were not observed histopathologically in tumors transplanted several times. When doxorubicin was given intraperitoneally (1 mg/kg of body weight) weekly for 6 weeks to nude mice with transplanted feline mammary gland adenocarcinoma, there was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in weights of tumors of experimental (n = 15) and control (n = 10) mice.
Aqueous Humor Outflow in Beagles with Inherited Glaucoma: Gross and Light Microscopic Observations of the Iridocorneal Angle
Authors: Peiffer Robert L. , Gelatt Kirk N. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Gross and light microscopic examinations of the ocular outflow pathways were performed on Beagles with inherited glaucoma subsequent to constant-pressure perfusion of the anterior chamber and observations compared with those of nonperfused and perfused eyeballs (bulbus oculi) from healthy dogs. Iridocorneal angle changes that were noted were interpreted to be secondary, supporting the hypothesis that the disease in the Beagle is an open-angle glaucoma.
Neoplasm of the Mammary Papilla in a Male Dog
Authors: Raflo Charles P. , Diamond Sheldon S. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A 7-year-old male Afghan Hound had a mammary neoplasm. The mass was surgically removed and a histologic diagnosis of ductal papillary adenoma of the mammary papilla (nipple) was made. The literature on male canine mammary neoplasia was reviewed and a similar disease in men was compared with the canine lesion.
Trimethoprim and Sulfadiazine: Experimental Infection of Beagles
Authors: Powers T. E. , Powers J. D. , Garg R. C. , Scialli V. T. , Hajian G. H. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The purpose in the present study was to determine whether the commercial combination of trimethoprim (tmp) and sulfadiazine (sdz) tribrissen (tri) was more effective than either of the components for treating experimentally induced infection of Streptococcus zooepidemicus. Two dose levels of each were given subcutaneously for treatment, and their effectiveness was compared with that of sulfadimethoxine (sdm) in terms of (i) clinical manifestations, (ii) hematologic changes, (iii) blood culture examinations, and (iv) tissue culture examinations. According to these four measurements, the combination tmp/sdz was more effective than either of the components. This effect was observed at the two dosages of tri (30 and 15 mg/kg). The higher dosage, however, was more effective as demonstrated by three of the measurements. Alone, tmp and sdz were not effective, but sdm treatment was effective in this model.