bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pigeon Breeder's Lung in Childhood: Is Family Screening Necessary?
Authors: Ceviz Naci , Kaynar Hasan , Olgun Haşim , Onbaş Ömer , Misirligil Zeynep 
Published: January 2006

AbstractIn this paper, we report on clinical and laboratory findings of pigeon breeder's lung (PBL) in a mother and her 2 children: 2 with the chronic recurrent form, and 1 with the chronic insidious form without any symptoms or signs, who was diagnosed during family screening. The index case was diagnosed as having primary pulmonary hypertension on admission. However, on evaluation, the diagnosis was of pigeon breeder's lung in the index case and her symptomatic mother. High‐resolution computerized tomography (HRCT) revealed interstitial lung disease in an asymptomatic sister of the index case. All cases responded to steroid treatment, and at the end of the third month, HRCT findings disappeared. In conclusion, in patients with acute respiratory symptoms and rapidly recovering pulmonary hypertension after hospitalization, PBL should be remembered. All family members of the index case should be screened by HRCT in terms of interstitial lung disease, even if they are asymptomatic. Pediatr Pulmonol. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Molecular mechanisms of pH‐driven conformational transitions of proteins: Insights from continuum electrostatics calculations of acid unfolding
Authors: Fitch Carolyn A. , Whitten Steven T. , Hilser Vincent J. , García‐Moreno E. Bertrand 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThe acid unfolding ofstaphylococcalnuclease (SNase) is very cooperative (Whitten and García‐Moreno, Biochemistry 2000;39:14292–14304). As many as seven hydrogen ions (H+) are bound preferentially by the acid‐unfolded state relative to the native (N) state in the pH range 3.2–3.9. To investigate the mechanism of acid unfolding, structure‐based pKacalculations were performed with a variety of continuum electrostatic methods. The calculations reproduced successfully the H+binding properties of the N state between pH 5 and 9, but they systematically overestimated the number of H+bound upon acid unfolding. The calculated pKavalues of all carboxylic residues in the N state were more depressed than they should be. The discrepancy between the observed and the calculated H+uptake upon acid unfolding was not improved by using high protein dielectric constants, structures relaxed with molecular dynamics, or other empirical modifications implemented previously by others to maximize agreement between measured and calculated pKavalues. This suggests an important role for conformational fluctuations of the backbone as important determinants of pKavalues of carboxylic groups. Because no global or subglobal conformational changes have been observed previously for SNase under acidic conditions above the acid‐unfolding region, these fluctuations must be local. The acid unfolding of SNase does not seem to involve the disruption of the N state by accruement of intramolecular repulsive interactions, nor the protonation of key ion paired carboxylic residues. It is more consistent with modest contributions from many H+binding groups, with an important role for local conformational fluctuations in the coupling between H+binding and the global structural transition. Proteins 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Spirituality and medicine: complementary perspectives
Authors: Aldridge David 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThe natural science base of modern medicine, which in turn influences the way in which modern medicine is delivered, often ignores the spiritual factors associated with health. Health invariably becomes defined in anatomical or physiological, psychological or social terms. Practitioners and researchers are not being asked to abandon the language of natural science, simply to accept that within our varying cultures there are complementary vocabularies and repertoires of healing that have their own validity and with which those people who come to us as sufferers narrate the performance of their own lives. To deny the validity of their language of expression as it is performed in the dramaturgy of their lives is to deny legitimacy to the identity of the sufferer, and that contributes further to the suffering. Religions are developing to meet individual needs and alternative forms of celebration. Within these religions, as symbolic systems and repertoires of practices with their multiplicity of ever‐changing texts, there will be individualized spiritualities. The same goes for healthcare practices and the fluctuating definitions of health. Copyright © 2005 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
Integrating Tarot readings into counselling and psychotherapy
Authors: Semetsky Inna 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThis paper is based on research conducted between 1992 and 1994 under the auspices of the Behavioral Board Science Examiners in California, USA, and for the purpose of satisfying requirements for the Master of Arts Degree in Marriage, Family and Child Counseling. In the current global climate permeated by diverse beliefs, disparate values and cultural conflicts (natural disasters notwithstanding), an integrative approach to therapy is paramount for maintaining public mental health. The purpose of this paper is not only to contribute to the desensitization of some preconceived ideas regarding Tarot but also so that the author may share the practical knowledge she have initially obtained for herself and which can be used as a means towards achieving people's well‐being and emotional security, as well as making sense of different and conflicting experiences. The research subjects' verbal reports, as their immediate self‐reflection on each individual reading, constitute the focal point of this paper. Copyright © 2005 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
The tumor suppressor p53 is not required for antigen receptor‐mediated apoptosis of B lymphocytes
Authors: Devi Singh Savita , Hagiyama Hiroyuki , Adachi Takahiro , Miyasaka Nobuyuki , Tsubata Takeshi 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThe tumor suppressor p53 has been shown to be essential in apoptosis induced by irradiation, deregulated c‐Myc expression and anti‐cancer drugs. The protein level of p53 was moderately increased when the B cell line WEHI‐231 undergoes apoptosis by B cell receptor (BCR) crosslinking. However, overexpression of a dominant negative form of p53, p53DD, abolished DNA binding activity of p53 almost completely but failed to block BCR‐mediated death of WEHI‐231, suggesting that p53‐mediated transactivation is not required for BCR‐mediated apoptosis of WEHI‐231. Moreover, B cells of p53‐deficient mice underwent cell death upon BCR crosslinking as efficiently as those of normal littermates, indicating that p53 is not essential for BCR‐mediated apoptosis of normal B cells. Although a previous report suggested that p53 is required for BCR‐mediated apoptosis through its transactivation, our data strongly argue that p53 is not required for BCR‐mediated apoptosis.
Characterisation of lipids in cell signalling and membrane dynamics by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and mass spectrometry
Authors: Garnier Marie , Dufourc Erick J. , Larijani Banafshe 
Published: January 2006

AbstractSignalling lipids regulate cellular events directly by recruiting and/or activating specific proteins or indirectly by locally modifying the physical properties of the membrane. These events trigger the co‐localisation and interaction of proteins on membranes. This in turn effects the function and the properties of the proteins. To enable a comprehensive study of the complex and spatially heterogeneous natural membrane, complementary analytical tools need to be applied. Spectroscopy tools such as nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and mass spectrometry provide the sensitivity and the precision required for detecting low amounts of highly transient signalling lipids, but also determine their effect on membrane structure. Specific examples are used to illustrate the application of liquid NMR spectroscopy, solid state NMR spectroscopy and electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry. The main advantages and limitations of these tools are discussed in this review.
Design and implementation of a wireless internet remote access platform
Authors: Lai Yen‐Cheng , Lin Phone , Huang Yao‐Ting 
Published: January 2006

AbstractRecently, mobile networks and internet technologies have been widely developed for the voice communication and information retrieval services all over the world. Compared with the wire‐line internet environment, mobile networks have lower bandwidth, longer transmission latency and unreliable connection, and the capability of mobile terminals is restricted by the limited memory size, lower CPU computation capability and inconvenient I/O interface. These limitations restrict the development of the wireless internet applications. In this paper, we design and implement a ‘wireless internet remote access platform’ (WIRAP). The WIRAP platform interconnects the wireless network and internet to provide mobile users a remote centralized storage and computation environment. A mobile user can store large volume of data and execute complex computations on WIRAP instead of on the mobile terminals. WIRAP supports different network interfaces (e.g. short message service (SMS), wireless markup language (WML) and hyper text markup language (HTML) and users may use terminals (with different network capabilities) to access WIRAP. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Efficient IEEE 802.11 handoff based on a novel geographical fingerprint scheme
Authors: Wu Tin‐Yu , Lai Cheng‐Chia , Chao Han‐Chieh 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThe effective coverage distance of wireless LAN (WLAN) being small, users may leave the coverage area of the specific access point (AP) from time to time while roaming. However, the wireless network is a shared medium. The air is open for everyone. In general there is collision if a few users attempt to transmit with the same channel that is more rigorous during handoff period because of active scan mode. The active scan will perform requests for searching available AP. Unfortunately, this function consumes too much resource in wireless communication, and also affect total performance. We will propose an advanced active scan to improve it. In our proposal, we convert RF signal distribution to a simple classification problem, like as XOR classifier with artificial neural network (ANN). We combine ANN with active scan to achieve our goal. And the weight, which trained by ANN presents the connection character of geography. Moreover, the weight could be stored in AP for reusing and is called geographical fingerprint. The average enhancement of reducing the active scan area is about 62%. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
New insights into the colour origin of archaeological Egyptian blue and green by XAFS at the Cu K‐edge
Authors: Pagès‐Camagna S. , Reiche I. , Brouder C. , Cabaret D. , Rossano S. , Kanngießer B. , Erko A. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractNew results on the local chemical environment of Cu2+ in archaeological Egyptian blue and green and also modern Egyptian green were obtained by x‐ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) analysis. The information is essential for the understanding of the colouring mechanisms in both pigments. In a previous study, a clear physico‐chemical characterisation of Egyptian blue and green was achieved using a complementary analytical approach with ancient and modern synthesized pigments. Electron microscopy (SEM–EDX and TEM), x‐ray diffraction and micro‐Raman and UV–visible spectroscopy were used to gain information about the conditions of the ancient Egyptian fabrication processes and permitted the clear distinction of both pigments. However, the exact colouring mechanisms could not be elucidated by these methods. Different Cu‐bearing amorphous and crystalline phases were found in both pigments. These phases should be at the origin of the blue and turquoise colours. Using XAFS data at the Cu K‐edge, new insights into the origin of the colouring mechanisms of both pigments could be obtained from the precision of the Cu speciation. In Egyptian blue, Cu2+ is mainly allocated in a square‐planar site in a crystalline cuprorivaite phase, whereas in Egyptian green, Cu2+ is basically situated in a distorted octahedral site in an amorphous phase. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The brachyuras of the Dardanelles
Authors: Palaz Mustafa , Çelik Ekrem Şanver , Berber Selçuk 
Published: January 2006

This study was conducted to research brachyuran crabs at the upper infralittoral zone of the Dardanelles from August 1997 to February 1998. The samples were collected by diving and dredge. The crabs were fixed and preserved in 5% formalin prepared in seawater. The brachyuran crabs were identified in systematic order according to literature records and data.It was established that eight discernible species and eight genera belonging to five families on the shores of the Dardanelles existed, including: Eriphia verrucosa, Xantho poressa, Carcinus aestuarii, Liocarcinus depurator, Maja crispata, Pachygrapsus marmoratus, Ilia nucleus and Macropodia longirostris.
Introduction
Authors: BURKE PETER 
Published: January 2006

A preoccupation with hybridity is natural in a period like ours marked by increasingly frequent and intense cultural encounters. Globalization encourages hybridization. However we react to it, the globalizing trend is impossible to miss, from curry and chips – recently voted the favourite dish in Britain – to Thai saunas, Zen Judaism, Nigerian Kung Fu or ‘Bollywood’ films. The process is particularly obvious in the domain of music, in the case of such hybrid forms and genres as jazz, reggae, salsa or, more recently, Afro-Celtic rock. New technology (including, appropriately enough, the ‘mixer’), has obviously facilitated this kind of hybridization.It is no wonder then that a group of theorists of hybridity have made their appearance, themselves often of double or mixed cultural identity. Homi Bhabha for instance, is an Indian who has taught in England and is now in the USA. Stuart Hall, who was born in Jamaica of mixed parentage, has lived most of his life in England and describes himself as ‘a mongrel culturally, the absolute cultural hybrid’. Ien Ang describes herself as ‘an ethnic Chinese, Indonesian-born and European-educated academic who now lives and works in Australia’. The late Edward Said was a Palestinian who grew up in Egypt, taught in the USA and described himself as ‘out of place’ wherever he was located.The work of these and other theorists has attracted growing interest in a number of disciplines, from anthropology to literature, from geography to art history, and from musicology to religious studies. In this issue, the contributions discuss Africa, Japan and the Americas as well as Europe and range from the 16th century to the 21st, from religion to architecture and from clothing to the cinema.
Sphingosine‐1‐phosphate and sphingosylphosphorylcholine: two of a kind?
Authors: Alewijnse Astrid E , Michel Martin C 
Published: January 2006

Sphingosine‐1‐phosphate and sphingosylphosphorylcholine are structurally related signalling molecules. Although they share some biological effects, it is debated whether this involves the same receptors. In this issue, Mathieson and Nixon report that these two lipids activate the same transcription factor but do so via distinct signalling pathways. Against this background, we discuss some of the potential pitfalls in studies comparing the effects of the two sphingolipids.British Journal of Pharmacology (2006) 147, 347–348. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0706602
Transforming growth factor βs are upregulated in the rat masseter muscle hypertrophied by clenbuterol, a β2 adrenergic agonist
Authors: Akutsu Satonari , Shimada Akemi , Yamane Akira 
Published: January 2006

The regulatory mechanism for the hypertrophy of skeletal muscles induced by clenbuterol is unclear. The purpose of the present study was to determine the extent to which transforming growth factor βs (TGFβs), fibroblast growth factors (FGFs), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), and platelet‐derived growth factors (PDGFs) are involved in the hypertrophy of rat masseter muscle induced by clenbuterol.
We measured the mRNA expression levels for TGFβs, FGFs, HGF, and PDGFs in rat masseter muscle hypertrophied by oral administration of clenbuterol for 3 weeks and determined correlations between the weight of masseter muscle and mRNA expression levels by regression analysis. We determined immunolocalizations of TGFβs and their receptors (TGFβRs).
The mRNA expression levels for TGFβ1, 2, and 3, and for PDGF‐B demonstrated clenbuterol‐induced elevations and positive correlations with the weight of masseter muscle. In particular, TGFβ1, 2, and 3 showed strong positive correlations (correlation coefficients >0.6). The mRNA expression levels for PDGF‐A, FGF‐1 and 2, and HGF showed no significant differences between the control and clenbuterol groups, and no significant correlations. TGFβ1, 2, and 3 were principally localized in the connective tissues interspaced among myofibers, and TGFβRI and II were localized in the periphery and sarcoplasm of the myofibers.
These results suggest that paracrine actions of TGFβ1, 2, and 3 via TGFβRI and II could be involved in the hypertrophy of rat masseter muscle induced by clenbuterol. This is the first study to document the involvement of TGFβs in the hypertrophy of skeletal muscles induced by clenbuterol.

British Journal of Pharmacology (2006) 147, 412–421. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0706625
Death of a Young Political Gadfly—Oleksandr A. Kryvenko in Memoriam (13 May 1963 to 9 April 2003); Or, Reflections on Ukrainian Politics and Foreign Policy in 2003–2005
Authors: Bilinsky Yaroslav 
Published: January 2006

The good die young.If you kill me you will not easily find a successor to me, who, if I may use such ludicrous figure of speech, am a sort of gadfly, given to the State by God; and the State is a great and noble steed who is tardy in his motions owing to his very size, and requires to be stirred into life. I am that gadfly which God has attached to the State, and all day long and in all places am always fastening upon you, arousing and persuading and reproaching you. You will not easily find another like me, and therefore I would advise you to spare me.
Nosocomial Infection Surveillance in a Surgical Intensive Care Unit in Spain, 1996-2000: A Time-Trend Analysis
Authors: Lizán-Garcia Máxima , Peyro Ramón , Cortiña Manuel , Crespo María Dolores , Tobias Aurelio 
Published: January 2006

Objective.To establish the occurrence, distribution, and secular time trend of nosocomial infections (NIs) in a surgical intensive care unit (ICU).Design and Setting.Follow-up study in a teaching hospital in Spain.Methods.In May 1995 we established an nosocomial infection surveillance system in our surgical ICU. We collected information daily for all patients who were in the ICU for at least 48 hours (546 patients from 1996 through 2000). We used the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention definitions and criteria for infections. Monthly, we determined the site-specific incidence densities of NIs, the rates of medical device use, and the Poisson probability distribution, which determined whether the case count equalled the number of expected cases (the mean number of cases during the previous year, with extreme values excluded). We compared yearly and monthly infection rates by Poisson regression, using site-specific NIs as a dependent variable and year and month as dummy variables. We tested annual trends with an alternative Poisson regression model fitting a single linear trend.Results.The average rate of catheter-associated urinary tract infections was 8.4 per 1000 catheter-days; that of ventilator-associated pneumonia, 21 per 1000 ventilator-days; and that of central line–associated bloodstream infections, 30 per 1000 central line–days. The rate of urinary tract infections did not change over the study period, but there was a trend toward decreases in the rates of central line–associated bloodstream infections and ventilator-associated pneumonia.Conclusion.An NI surveillance and control program contributed to a progressive decrease in NI rates.
Risk Factors for Groin Wound Infection After Femoral Artery Catheterization A Case-Control Study
Authors: Polgreen Philip M. , Diekema Daniel J. , VandeBerg Jeff , Wiblin R. Todd , Chen Yi Yi , David Sherry , Rasmus Dianne , Gerdts Nicole , Ross Angelena , Katz Louis , Herwaldt Loreen A. 
Published: January 2006

Objective.Groin wound infection (GWI) after femoral artery catheterization is unusual. However, several reports of GWI associated with the use of a Perclose device appear in the surgical literature.Design.A case-control study.Setting.We pooled 23 cases and 83 controls from a university hospital and a community medical center.Patients.A case was defined as a patient who developed a GWI after a femoral artery catheterization. At the university hospital, 3 controls were randomly selected from the at-risk population and matched to each case by time of procedure only (within 2 weeks). At the community medical center, 4 controls were selected and matched to each case by time of procedure (within 2 weeks), sex, and age (within 5 years).Results.We considered several covariates, including age, sex, body mass index, medical conditions, Perclose use, hematoma formation, and antithrombotic therapy. In a multivariate model, only hematoma formation (odds ratio, 68.8; 95% confidence interval, 12.1-391.4) and glycoprotein IIb/IIIa platelet inhibitor therapy (odds ratio, 6.1; 95% confidence interval, 1.1-33.6) were statistically significant predictors of GWI; Perclose use (odds ratio, 0.9; 95% confidence interval, 0.2-3.7) was not a statistically significant predictor of GWI. However, most of the hematomas (15/17) formed after procedures during which a Perclose device was used.Conclusion.Perclose use did not have any additional effect on GWI risk beyond the effect that hematoma formation had.
Howe quotients of unitary characters and unitary lowest weight modules
Authors: Loke Hung Yean 
Published: January 2006

In this paper, let

(
G
,

G
′

)

(G,G’)

be the dual pair

(

S
p

~

(
p
,

R

)
,

O

~

(
n
,
m
)
)

(\widetilde {\mathrm {Sp}}(p,\mathbb {R}), \tilde {\mathrm O}(n,m))

. We will determine the composition series of the Howe quotients of

G
′

G’

which are lifts from one-dimensional unitary representations of

G
G

and unitary lowest weight modules of

G
G

. We will also determine the unitarizability of the subquotients. Our method also works for the dual pairs

(

U

~

(
p
,
q
)
,

U

~

(
n
,
m
)
)

(\widetilde {\mathrm U}(p,q), \widetilde {\mathrm U}(n,m))

and

(

O

~

∗

(
2
p
)
,

S
p

~

(
n
,
m
)
)

(\tilde {\mathrm O}^*(2p), \widetilde {\mathrm {Sp}}(n,m))

.