bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Two Methods of Implementing a Home Economics Competency‐Based Education Course
Authors: Bell Camille G. , Cummings Merrilyn Niederwerfer 
Published: March 2007

Two strategies for implementing a competency‐based course in home economics education were compared. Sixty‐three senior students were alternately assigned to a teacher‐directed or student‐directed class for attainment of specified competencies. Nine modules were developed to be used in the student‐directed class and as the basis for instruc tion in the teacher‐directed class. Criterion tests measured the extent to which compe tencies were attained for each group, and a Likert‐type scale indicated students' attitudes toward competency‐based education. Data were also analyzed to determine if student teach ing affected achievement of competencies.No significant difference in gain scores appeared between students who achieved com petencies through the student‐directed and teacher‐directed methods except in the competency area of program planning involving state standards. Significantly higher gain scores were attained by students who took the course before student teaching as opposed to those who took the course after student teaching in the competency areas of personal man agement, teaching skills, and motivation. No significant differences were found in gain scores between students who took the course before and after student teaching in the com petency areas of evaluation, departmental management, unit planning, program stan dards, or professionalism. No significant difference was found in attitude scores between individuals in the student‐directed and teacher‐directed sections.
Laundering Practices and Results of Homemakers Using Coin‐Operated Laundries
Authors: Badenhop Suzanne B. , Purchase Mary E. 
Published: March 2007

This research examined factors that influenced the laundering results of homemakers using the coin‐operated laundry. Data were obtained by personal interview with 243 home makers at coin‐operated laundries and from reflectance measurements on soiled and laun dered pillowcases and standard soil cloth. Interrelationships were examined using step wise multiple regression analysis.Whiteness values for the laundered pillowcases covered a wide range; most values were much lower than for new pillowcases. On the average, the laundered pillowcases were ten units whiter than the soiled ones.The laundering results were related to the extent of soiling prior to washing, the change in whiteness of standard soil cloth, color index of the wash load, household size, age of the homemaker, and socioeconomic position of the household.
Food Shopping Efficiency Among the Rural Poor: An Exploratory Inquiry
Authors: Block Carl E. , Kellerman Bert J. 
Published: March 2007

The research reported here deals with the development and application of a measure of food shopping efficiency. The measure is based upon the relationship between household dietary adequacy and household food expenditures.In the empirical application, attention is focused on the food shopping efficiency within a sample of approximately 300 rural poor households in Missouri. As the basis for analy sis, a measure of shopping efficiency was developed and labeled Daily Recommended Food Servings Efficiency (DRSE). The DRSE includes provisions for relating the servings of specific foods consumed by household members to recommended servings of the four basic food groups. It further provides for determining the household's efficiency of financial re source usage by relating these dietary data to dollars spent on food. The DRSE was consid ered the dependent variable, and the directional influence on it of 12 independent variables was hypothesized and tested using multiple regression analysis. The independent variables include: the age, education, and broadcast and print media exposure of the individual principally responsible for meal planning and food preparation, as well as householdsize, income, medical expenditures, home food production, freezer ownership, price as a store selection criterion, and shopping frequency. Three of these independent variables—household size, income per person, and shopping frequency—were found to have a statistically significant influence on DRSE.
Follow‐Up of Pararofressionals Working With Low‐Income Families
Authors: Engelbrecht Iscan Walda , Nelson Helen Y. 
Published: March 2007

To provide guidelines for selection and recruitment of paraprofessionals in New York State Cooperative Extension's Expanded Food and Nutrition Education Program (EFNEP), an investigation was undertaken to: (1) determine significant differences between aides presently employed and aides who had left EFNEP, (2) ascertain the number of former aides reentering the labor market and their later success on other jobs, (3) analyze procedures followed to recruit and select aides. The sample consisted of employed and former aides in eight upstate New York counties. Data were collected through interview schedules designed for the study.There were significant differences between the two aide groups. The group most likely to stay in EFNEP employment was made up of older women, married, from nuclear families, homeowners, and whose husband and children favored the aide's pursuit. Most former aides had dropped out of employment for personal or family reasons. Approximately one‐ half reentered the labor market and were rated as doing satisfactory work. Agencies with which Extension agents had a close working relationship or which were in a situation to know the occupational needs of low‐income job seekers provided the best referral sources. A significant difference of opinion existed among former aides, employed aides, and agents as to the most important characteristics for an aide to possess; the greatest difference existed between the two aide groups and agents.
Morphostatic and Morphogenic Planning Behavior in Families: Development of a Measurement Instrument
Authors: Beard Doris , Firebaugh Francille M. 
Published: March 2007

A total of 252 homemakers responded to 86 planning behavior statements. They indicated how much like their own or their family's planning they perceived each statement to be, using a five‐point Likert‐type scale with choices ranging from Exactly Like to Not Like.Factor analysis was used to determine whether or not hypothesized characteristics of morphostatic and morphogenic behavior could be substantiated. Five of the eight factors appeared to be useful in identifying dimensions on which the two characteristics might be differentiated. The hypothesized categories of characteristics did not separate out into factors.
Development of Standard Budgets for Household Textiles for Farm and City Families
Authors: Winakor Geitel , Thomas Linda 
Published: March 2007

Standard budgets for household textiles were developed for rural farm and city families at low and moderate income levels and for small, medium, and large sized families. The budgets are based on data collected in interviews of 1,140 families in Iowa, Illinois, and Nebraska in 1971. After examination of several criteria for defining budget classes, data from 258 farm and 319 city families were selected for developing the budgets. All families were classified by income level and family size; in addition, for some items, families were classified by whether they had an infant under two and whether they had moved in the past year. Based on the data from these families, inventory of specific household textile items, number of items to be acquired new and from supplementary sources, and prices paid and total annual costs in 1970–71 dollars were established.Eighteen items are common to all budget lists, regardless of family size, income level, or city or farm residence. Total annual costs are similar for farm and city families. At the low‐income level, budget costs differ only slightly with family size but at the moderate level, there is a larger increment in total annual cost with increasing family size.
Self‐Actualization of Teachers and Teacher‐Student Rapport
Authors: Zimmerman Karen W. , Scruggs M. Marguerite 
Published: March 2007

The purposes of this study were to determine possible relationships between selected background characteristics and degree of self‐actualization of home economics teachers of central Iowa, to refine a teacher‐student rapport instrument, and to test for differences in teacher‐student rapport between two groups of teachers differing in self‐actualization. Data on background characteristics and self‐ actualization (inner‐directed scale of Shostrom's Personal Orientation Inventory) were gathered by mail from 126 teachers. No relationships existed between degree of self‐actualization and the background characteristics.Two groups of the teachers, 10 who scored high and 10 who scored low on the POI, were selected for remaining phases of the study. Their ninth grade students responded to the Student Estimate of Teacher Concern (SETC), a measure of teacher‐student rapport. A 39‐item form of the SETC was developed from an 89‐item version with no loss in reliability. No significant difference in teacher‐ student rapport was found between the two groups of teachers.
Fiber Artists: Factors Influencing Success
Authors: Summer Barbara E. , Schrank Holly L. 
Published: March 2007

Ninety‐five free‐lance fiber artists were identified and interviewed to assess factors which con tribute to their success as artists, to develop a list of skills and knowledge which artists believe contribute to their success, and to make recommendations for textile design programs.Artists rated design and execution of their work as the most important criteria of success. Income was rated as a much less important indicator of success. Additional knowledge needed included information related to exhibiting, organization of work, photography, and assembly of a portfolio. Financial skills were also considered important, particularly those involving purchasing of sup plies, record‐keeping, pricing, and income management.Recommendations for textile design programs include strong emphasis on design as well as craftsmanship, skills which can be used in presentation of work of clients, business fundamentals for artists, and oral and written communication skills.
Role Perceptions in Adolescent Consumer Learning
Authors: Moore Roy L. , Moschis George P. 
Published: March 2007

Using the Thornton and Nardi model of role acquisition, adolescent consumer role perceptions were explored among 359 sixth through twelfth grade public school students. Demographic factors analyzed included socioeconomic status, personal spending and savings, age, sex, and consumer education, while dependent measures of consumer learning were slogan recall, product brand sa lience, consumer affairs knowledge, and consumer activism. Intervening role‐related perceptions included honesty evaluations of media and personal sources and consumer attributes. Media ex posure, parent‐child interaction, and peer communication were analyzed as sources of role conceptions.Results indicated consumer socialization is a complex process and lend support to the notion that middle‐school adolescents are generally experiencing the anticipatory stage and high school students are primarily at the formal stage of consumer role acquisition. Younger adolescents are apparently only beginning to adopt certain group values but older students have acquired them to a signifi cantly greater degree and show other evidence of conformity to role set expectations.
Adolescent Use of Selected Areas in the Parental Dwelling
Authors: Downer Donna Beth , Johnston Kathleen A. 
Published: March 2007

Using a self‐reporting inventory, 614 adolescents in two age categories, 12–14 years and 16–18 years, responded concerning their use of the living room, a second living area if the home included one, and the bedroom. The objective was to determine the effects on space use of six independent variables: age, sex, family size, birth order, the presence of single or plural living areas in the home, and whether bedroom space was shared or used solely by the adolescent.Living room use was defined as having two components, activities performed and frequency. Significant differences on both components were found when comparisons were made between those with one living room and those with plural living areas, and when family size exceeded five mem bers. Frequency of living room use increased significantly when the respondents shared a bedroom. If the home had a single living area, girls performed a significantly greater number of activities in the space than boys, and younger adolescents spent a significantly greater amount of time in the area than older adolescents.No significant differences were found in the use of the second living area.Whether the respondent had sole use of the bedroom or shared the space, girls were found to perform a significantly greater number of activities in the room than boys.Analysis of the findings suggests an interrelationship between living room and bedroom use by adolescents that may need to be addressed as families assess housing needs and wants.
Aiding Consumer Nutrition Decisions: Comparison of a Graphical Nutrient Density Labeling Format with the Current Food Labeling System
Authors: Mohr Kristy Gregerson , Wyse Bonita W. , Gaurth Hansen R. 
Published: March 2007

Providing consumers with usable nutrition information requires an effective labeling for mat. This study involved consumers in a supermarket setting. Our objective was to determine whether they could, without previous instruction, make as effective nutrition decisions when using a graphic format based on nutrient density as when using the current labeling format.The questionnaire completed by each participating consumer included items regarding demographic data and shopping preferences, and questions evaluating nutrition knowledge and the ability of the shopper to utilize two nutrition labeling formats in making nutrition decisions. Six supermarkets were selected from one large Utah chain as sites for the survey.The nutrient density format produced the greatest percentage of correct responses. The dif ference was particularly evident when our data were analyzed for overall correct responses. Participants who were high school graduates or had family incomes between $4,000–$7,999 made more correct responses when utilizing the nutrient density format than when confronted with the other format. The nutrient density presentation also took less time for participants to complete. The graphical nutrient density format evaluated in our study is more effective than the current labeling format in assisting consumers to make valid nutritional decisions.
Obesity, Child‐Feeding Attitudes, and Reactive Eating: An Intergenerational Study
Authors: Rogers Cosby S. , Canady Helen , Wentworth Jane 
Published: March 2007

Body fat, anxiety‐related overeating, and child‐feeding attitudes among 221 college women were studied along with child‐feeding attitudes of the students' mothers. The Child‐Feeding Opinion Questionnaire (CFOQ) was developed to assess attitudes toward the use of food as (a) a reward, (b) a punishment, (c) a soothing agent, and (d) an expression of affection. A six‐item reactive overeating scale was developed to assess the magnitude and frequency of anxiety‐ related overeating among the college students.Anxiety‐related overeating was not found to be related to obesity among the daughters. Child‐feeding attitudes of both mothers and daughters were not related to either skinfold thickness (body fat) or to reactive eating scores of the daughters. These findings failed to sup port previous claims of a relationship between parental use of food as an emotion‐laden com munication vehicle and anxiety‐related overeating or subsequent obesity among offspring. Positive but low correlations were obtained between childfeeding attitude scores of mothers and their daughters. High positive intercorrelations were found among scores on several subscales when mothers' and daughters' data were analyzed separately.
Teaching Performance in Home Economics
Authors: Hoskins Mercedes , Cooper Lloyd 
Published: March 2007

The study compared the perceptions of selected faculty members in higher education with those of public school administrators as to the desired performance of homemaking teachers in rural and urban areas. The effort included the construction, the administration, the analysis, and the interpretation of an inventory of statements concerning teacher performance.Teaching performance statements were compiled and an initial list of 293 submitted to a panel of judges for evaluation of statement validity, item discrimination, and relevance of the arrangement of the statements into the following categories: personal qualities, teaching abil ity, classroom management, attitude toward supervision, and professional ethics and interest. Based on the judgments of the panel members, a revised list of 175 statements was submitted to teachers in federally reimbursed homemaking departments in the New Mexico public schools and each statement was rated on a nine‐point continuum from most generalist to most specialist orientation. Data from the ratings were utilized to select seven statements from each of the five categories. Based on scale and Q values and Rulon's estimate of reliability, seven performance statements were incorporated in each of the five categories. The completed in ventory was organized in paired‐comparison format: each statement within each category was compared with every other statement in the same category, thus providing a forced‐choice rating of the statements. The final inventory was submitted to home economics faculty members in institutions of the National Association of State Universities and Land‐Grant Col leges and to rural and urban public school administrators from randomly selected schools in each of the fifty states.From the analyses of the data collected, the results of the investigation indicated that all groups expect some degree of generalist performance, rather than specialist, by homemaking teachers. The study also disclosed significant agreement, both within each group and between the groups, as to what constitutes effective teaching performance.
Videotape Versus Live Model Presentations in Teacher Preparation
Authors: Martin Ruth E. , Fanslow Alyce M. 
Published: March 2007

Objectives of the study were to investigate the effectiveness of live model versus videotape model presentations of the demonstration and laboratory teaching strategies in home eco nomics education relative to student achievement and performance; and to contrast practice against no practice of each teaching strategy on student achievement and performance.Home economics education majors were randomly assigned to four groups: model live, no practice; model live, practice; model videotape, no practice; model videotape, practice. Instructional lessons of fifty minutes were planned and taught by the researcher with content held constant for each group.Dependent variable data were collected by an achievement test and an observational rating scale. Analysis of the correlations between test scores, ratings, and cumulative point averages showed no significant relationships for either teacher strategy. For the demonstration teaching strategy, a significant difference in student performance beyond the 05 level was found between live versus videotape model with the latter being superior. Demonstration achieve ment was not affected by presentation or practice. For the laboratory teaching strategy, no significant differences were found among the dependent variables and the presentation method or practice.The findings support the feasibility of videotape model presentations for the acquisition of knowledge and performance of the demonstration and laboratory teaching strategies in a similar preservice teacher education setting. Although practice of the teaching strategy did not seem to have any effect on achievement and performance, further investigation needs to be completed before practice is omitted from teacher preparation programs.
Development of a Model for Quality Gradin of Textile Products
Authors: McCullough J.S. , Morris M.A. 
Published: March 2007

A model for quality grading of textile products was developed which included weaghtang fac tors based on the importance of end‐use properties as perceived by consumers, standards based on laboratory measurements of these properties, and the expected wear‐life of the product. Children's clothing was the textile product used in developing the model. A questionnaire was distributed to parents of nursery school and elementary school‐age children to obtain the needed consumer input. In the questionnaire the consumers rated the importance of end‐use properties for various categories of children's clothing, and indicated the expected wear‐life of these items. Significant differences were found in the ratings of the importance of the end‐use properties for each of the seven categories of clothing.The model for quality grading was then developed utilizing the data from the questionnaire. Also used in the model were laboratory measurements of the end‐use properties and perfor mance standards. The desirability function was used to transform data from different labor atory measurements and performance standards into a single value. The model was then tested using four pairs of boys' jeans, similar in appearance but differing in price. The two lowest priced garments were found to be of the lowest grade, but the top‐priced garment was the same grade as the next lower‐priced garment.
Human Development Competencies in Preservice Home Economics Teacher Education
Authors: Dewald‐Link Margaret R. 
Published: March 2007

The influence of human development content in the preservice education of home economics teachers can be viewed from three perspectives: (1) as subject matter to be taught; (2) as those concepts of development which teachers need to know in order to plan, teach, and evaluate educational experiences for their students; and (3) as a means by which students can gain a better understanding of their own behavior and attitudes and the behavior and at titudes of others. From these perspectives, using guidelines developed by the researcher, a list of 105 competencies in human development was developed. The initial 105 competencies were submitted to human development specialists who were requested to scale each competency as related to its importance in the education of prospective home economics teachers. The list was then reduced, using response means and spread of distribution, to 40 competencies. The final list of 40 competencies was then submitted to home economics teacher educators who were requested to rank the importance of each competency in the preservice education of home economics teachers on a scale 1 = important, 7 = unimportant.The mean responses by human development specialists to the 40 competencies ranged from 1.213 to 2.794. The range of mean response by home economics teacher educators was 1.375 to 2.500; t‐test results showed a significant difference of assigned mean values for nine of the competencies. The pattern of responses by human development specialists indicated greater importance being placed upon competencies related to individual development than those related to family development while home economics teacher educators reversed this pattern.