bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The challenge of health education for nurses in the 1980s*
Authors: Smith James P. 
Published: December 2006

As nurses are the largest group of health workers, it is argued that their potential for influence, so far as health education is concerned, is very great.The health problems associated with demographic changes in British society, smoking, alcohol, road accidents, dental decay, mental health and the sexual revolution are focused on; and the health education contribution that nurses (and other health workers) can make to alleviate and prevent these problems is discussed. The important role of ‘significant others’ is also stressed.Problems associated with general lack of basic biological and health information, and with the physically handicapped, and immigrant groups are also noted with concern and are considered to be particular challenges to nurses.Nurses are urged to develop their social skills, to constantly update their knowledge about British society, and to commit themselves to the aims of health education. It is also argued that they need missionary zeal so that they will take health education to the people in the community at large.The basic tenet of the paper is that health education is part and parcel of the nursing process and, therefore, greater involvement of nurses in health education is a logical and rational extension of their role.
The evolutionary history and tissue mapping of GPR123: specific CNS expression pattern predominantly in thalamic nuclei and regions containing large pyramidal cells
Authors: Lagerström Malin C. , Rabe Nadine , Haitina Tatjana , Kalnina Ineta , Hellström Anders R. , Klovins Janis , Kullander Klas , Schiöth Helgi B. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe Adhesion family of G protein‐coupled receptors (GPCRs) includes 33 receptors and is the second largest GPCR family. Most of these proteins are still orphans and fairly little is known of their tissue distribution and evolutionary context. We report the evolutionary history of the Adhesion family protein GPR123 as well as mapping of GPR123 mRNA expression in mouse and rat using in situ hybridization and real‐time PCR, respectively. GPR123 was found to be well conserved within the vertebrate lineage, especially within the transmembrane regions and in the distal part of the cytoplasmic tail, containing a potential PDZ binding domain. The real‐time PCR data indicates that GPR123 is predominantly expressed in CNS. The in situ data show high expression in thalamic nuclei and regions containing large pyramidal cells like cortex layers 5 and 6 and subiculum. Moreover, we found distinct expression in amygdala, hypothalamus, inferior olive and spinal cord. The CNS specific expression, together with the high sequence conservation between the vertebrate sequences investigated, indicate that GPR123 may have an important role in the regulation of neuronal signal transduction.
Glucosamine: an ingredient with skin and other benefits
Authors: Bissett Donald L 
Published: December 2006

SummaryBoth glucosamine and its derivative N‐acetyl glucosamine are amino‐monosaccharides that serve key biochemical functions on their own and as substrate precursors for the biosynthesis of polymers such as glycosaminoglycans (e.g., hyaluronic acid) and for the production of proteoglycans. Glucosamine has an excellent safety profile and has been shown to provide benefits in several clinical disorders. Glucosamine compounds have been reported to have several beneficial effects on the skin or skin cells. Because of its stimulation of hyaluronic acid synthesis, glucosamine has been shown to accelerate wound healing, improve skin hydration, and decrease wrinkles. In addition, as an inhibitor of tyrosinase activation, it inhibits melanin production and is useful in treatment of disorders of hyperpigmentation. Mechanistically, glucosamine also has both anti‐inflammatory and chondroprotective effects. Clinical trials have shown benefit in using oral glucosamine supplementation to improve symptoms and slow the progression of osteoarthritis in humans. Glucosamine has also been used to prevent and treat osteoarthritis in animals. Based on other observations, glucosamine has been suggested for additional clinical uses, including treatment of inflammatory bowel disease, migraine headaches, and viral infections. The current clinical uses for topical and oral glucosamine compounds and the mechanistic rationale for these uses are reviewed here.
Effects of topical calcipotriol on the expression of adhesion molecules in psoriasis
Authors: Savoia Paola , Novelli Mauro , De Matteis Antonietta , Verrone Anna , Bernengo Maria Grazia 
Published: December 2006

Seven patients with chronic plaque psoriasis were treated with topical calcipotriol for 8 to 24 weeks; the lesions improved in 5 patients. Immunohistochemistry was performed on frozen sections, to evaluate the expression of adhesion molecules and extracellular matrix components before and after therapy. Changes in expression and topography of β and β4 integrins were found on psoriatic lesions before therapy and a reduction in the expression of tenascin was detected as well. Moreover, several activation markers such as ICAM‐1, HLA‐DR, CD26 were focally positive, with a diffuse cytoplasmic reactivity, in basal and suprabasal layers in untreated lesions.In the 5 patients in whom lesions regressed after topical calcipotriol treatment, we observed a histological normalization of the epidermis and the inflammatory infiltrate was reduced. Moreover, not only was there a normalization in the expression and topography of adhesion molecules, but also the integrin pattern observed after therapy was superimposable to that of normal skin.
Altered E‐cadherin/β‐catenin expression in oral squamous carcinoma with and without nodal metastasis
Authors: Mahomed F , Altini M , Meer S 
Published: December 2006

Objectives:  The aim of this study was to investigate the potential use of E‐cadherin, a tumour‐suppressor gene product involved in establishing cell–cell adhesion and one of its associated proteins, β‐catenin, as markers of nodal metastasis in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).Materials and methods:  Thirty invasive OSCCs in patients with (n = 19) and without (n = 11) nodal metastases, as confirmed on histopathologic examination of the resected regional lymph nodes (n = 30), were examined for E‐cadherin and β‐catenin expression by immunohistochemistry.Results:  There was a highly significant association (P < 0.0001) between E‐cadherin and β‐catenin expression and tumour differentiation by conventional Broders’ grading of the whole tumour. Irrespective of the nodal status and invasive tumour front (ITF) grading score, however, loss of expression was recorded at the ITF in 28 (93%) of 30 tumours and 22 (73%) of 30 tumours stained for E‐cadherin and β‐catenin respectively.Conclusion:  The results of this study suggest an association between loss of expression of E‐cadherin and β‐catenin and a lower degree of differentiation; however, their use as markers of nodal metastasis in OSCC appears unreliable.
Mercury Speciation in Flue Gases after an Oxidative Acid Wet Scrubber
Authors: Löthgren C.‐J. , Takaoka M. , Andersson S. , Allard B. , Korell J. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractFlue gases from a hazardous waste incinerator have been sampled in three campaigns, before and after, an oxidative acid wet scrubber working with the MercOx‐process. A continuous emission monitor for mercury speciation was used before the scrubber in the first campaign. In all campaigns, impingers with KCl and KMnO4 were used. A solid adsorption method was used in the last campaign. The mercury leaving the scrubber is oxidized at > 90 % efficiency (independent of the inlet speciation). A substantial decrease in the redox potential of the scrubber liquid caused an increased fraction of elemental gaseous mercury to be present in the clean gas. The measurements also show that the scrubber has the ability to readily absorb mercury peaks. During one extreme peak of 3,600 μg/m3 (dry gas) in the raw gas, the removal efficiency was above 99.9 %.
Finite Volume Simulation of Supersonic to Hypersonic Gas Flow and Heat Transfer through Microchannels
Authors: Chaudhuri A. , Guha C. , Dutta T. K. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe heat transfer characteristics of supersonic to hypersonic gas flow in microchannels are numerically studied by solving a two‐dimensional Navier‐Stokes (NS) system of equations utilizing Maxwell's velocity slip with thermal creep, and a corresponding temperature jump relationship derived by von Smoluchowski. An explicit Finite Volume (FV) solver has been developed using modified advection upwind splitting methods (AUSM+) to simulate the high speed microscale gas flow. The influence of the inlet Mach number on overall hydrodynamics and heat transfer is also studied. The supersonic test case has been compared with the Direct Solution Monte Carlo (DSMC) and Finite Element (FE) results available in the literature. The study of high speed flow through microchannels demonstrates an increase in temperature due to the wall friction and that fluid flow decelerates throughout the microchannels. The wall temperature jump and the centerline temperature are higher for larger inlet Mach numbers.
Improvement of Filter Tow Quality through Statistical Analysis
Authors: Nasser R. , Taqueda M. E. S. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractFilter tow production is controlled by individual supervision of the main variables based on the determination of the Cpk, which indicates instability when individual values are below 1. This paper describes a process improvement methodology, which uses statistical tools to correlate the production variables, and thus control the variability of the dependent variables. The analysis was performed over several sets of data, identifying dependent variables – yield (g) and tensile strength (daN) – and establishing relationships of cause and effect with the production variables, indicating the possibility of achieving a new form of control through adjusted multiple regression models, resulting in the Cpk of the dependent variables being greater than 1. These results were improved through an industrial test, using DOE 2k, which led to the conclusion that the process can be supervised by means of the fitted models, ensuring better control and greater stability.
Evaluations and Modifications on Reynolds Stress Model in Cyclone Simulations
Authors: Jiao J. , Liu Z. , Zheng Y. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe prediction performance of the Reynolds stress model (RSM) on the flow field in a cyclone has been validated by using particle imaging velocimetry (PIV) experimental results. The validations mainly focus on two features of the flow information with averaged and fluctuating flow fields, which can mostly reflect the turbulent flow properties in the cyclone. The comparisons between predictions and measurements show that the RSM has good performance on the averaged flow field prediction, especially on the prediction of the mean tangential velocity. However, for the fluctuating flow field, the prediction performance of RSM is rather poor. The predicted root mean square (RMS) velocities are greatly underestimated. The standard model coefficients used in RSM have to be modified to enhance its accuracy when used to predict the fluctuating structure of the strong swirling flow in the cyclone. The recommended model coefficients give much better predictions on the fluctuating flow field than the standard coefficients, without decreasing the prediction accuracy on the mean flow field.
The effect of texture on the pass/fail colour tolerances of injection‐molded plastics
Authors: Ariño Ingrid , Johansson Sofia , Kleist Ulf , Liljenström‐Leander Eleonore , Rigdahl Mikael 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe effect of surface texture on the pass/fail colour tolerance region was estimated using acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene injection‐molded plaques in three different colours and with different surface textures. Variations in the measured colour coordinates due to differences in texture for three selected colours were observed using the specular component excluded mode (SCE) of the spectrophotometer. Such variations could not, however, be clearly distinguished in the specular component included mode. The colour tolerance regions were assessed through a combination of colour measurement and a psychometric study involving 35 observers. The limits of acceptance of colour differences varied substantially with the surface texture. In some cases, the observers accepted a larger colour difference for the textured than for the smooth surface, whereas in other cases, the reverse situation was noted. Thus, no general conclusion regarding the influence of texture on the tolerance region can be drawn, since the acceptable differences were colour‐ and/or surface texture‐dependent. In the case of textured surfaces, measurements made in the SCE mode of the spectrophotometer appear to be more meaningful for assessing perceived colour differences and tolerance regions. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 32, 47–54, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/col.20284
Effect of purity on hue (Abney effect) in various conditions
Authors: Pridmore Ralph W. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe effect of purity on hue has been reported severally (including Munsell and NCS data on constant hue loci) over 100 years but without general agreement. For example, the number of hue shift nulls in the data vary from 2 to 6. Hence, despite this effect's commonality it lacks reliable data for modeling underlying mechanisms or color appearance. The purity of a stimulus may be decreased by adding white (as in Abney's experiment), by adding black, or by adding gray such that luminance, or alternatively lightness, remains constant. This article gives new data for CRT stimuli for illuminant D65 for all four conditions but mainly for equal luminance, for 31 observers and 13 test dominant wavelengths. Further, samples were observed in two temporal conditions: either simultaneously as pairs (the contrast mode) or singly (the no‐contrast mode). Three types of samples were tested: (1) equal luminance 30 cd/m2 for all dominant wavelengths, (2) equal lightness for all dominant wavelengths, and (3) zero‐gray colors, requiring different luminances for different dominant wavelengths. In all the above conditions, the resultant hue shifts graphed a robust bimodal curve (two peaks in cyan and red, two troughs in blue and green) across the hue cycle, similar to Munsell and NCS data except the definite peak in cyan.© 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 32, 25–39, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/col.20286
Delta expression in post‐mitotic neurons identifies distinct subsets of adult‐specific lineages in Drosophila
Authors: Cornbrooks Carson , Bland Christin , Williams Darren W. , Truman James W. , Rand Matthew D. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe Drosophila ventral nerve cord is comprised of numerous neuronal lineages, each derived from a stereotypically positioned neuroblast (NB). At the embryonic stage the unique identities of each NB, and several of their neuronal progeny, are well characterized by spatial and temporal expression patterns of molecular markers. These patterns of expression are not preserved at the larval stage and thus the identity of adult‐specific lineages remains obscure. Recent clonal analysis using MARCM has identified 24 adult‐specific lineages arising from thoracic NBs at the larval stage. In this study, we have explored a role for the Delta protein in development of the post‐embryonic Drosophila ventral nerve cord. We find that Delta expression identifies 7 of the 24 adult‐specific lineages of the thoracic ganglia by being highly enriched in clusters of newly born post‐mitotic neurons and their neurite bundles. The Delta lineages constitute the majority of bundles projecting to the ventral neuropil, consistent with a role in processing leg sensory information. Targeted knockdown of Delta in neurons using RNAi results in significantly decreased leg chemosensory response and a relatively unaffected leg mechanosensory response. Delta RNAi knockdown in Delta lineages also gives a more diffuse bundle terminal morphology while the overall path‐finding of neurite bundles is unaffected. We also identify a male‐specific Delta lineage in the terminal abdominal ganglia, implicating a role for Delta in development of sexually dimorphic neural networks. Examples of Delta‐expressing neurites contacting Notch‐expressing glia are also seen, but are not common to all Delta lineages. Altogether, these data reveal a fundamental pattern of Delta expression that is indicative of an underlying developmental program that confers identity to adult lineage neurons. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Neurobiol 67: 23–38, 2007
Developmental and dominance‐associated differences in mushroom body structure in the paper wasp Mischocyttarus mastigophorus
Authors: O'Donnell Sean , Donlan Nicole , Jones Theresa 
Published: December 2006

AbstractPrimitively eusocial paper wasps exhibit considerable plasticity in their division of labor. Dominance interactions among nest mates play a strong role in determining the task performance patterns of adult females. We asked whether dominance status and task performance differences were associated with the development of subregions of the mushroom bodies (MB) of female Mischocyttarus mastigophorus queens and workers. We found that the MB calycal neuropils were better developed (relative to the Kenyon cell body layer) in the dominant females that spent more time on the nest. Increased MB calyx development was more strongly associated with social dominance than with high rates of foraging. The MB of queens resembled those of dominant workers. The results suggest that social interactions are particularly relevant to M. mastigophorus females' cognition. By examining the MB of newly emerged females, we also found evidence for significant age‐related changes in MB structure. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Neurobiol 67: 39–46, 2007
A versatile incompressible Navier–Stokes solver for blood flow application
Authors: Garbey M. , Pacull F. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractWe present in this paper an integrated approach to compute quickly an incompressible Navier–Stokes (NS) flow in a section of a large blood vessel using medical imaging data. The goal is essentially to provide a first‐order approximation of some main quantities of interest in cardiovascular disease: the shear stress and the pressure on the wall. The NS solver relies on the L2 penalty approach pioneered by Caltagirone and co‐workers and combines nicely with a level set method based on the Mumford–Shah energy model. Simulations on stenosis cases based on angiogram are run in parallel with MatlabMPI on a shared‐memory machine. While MatlabMPI communications are based on the load and save functions of Matlab and have high latency indeed, we show that our Aitken–Schwarz domain decomposition algorithm provides a good parallel efficiency and scalability of the NS code. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Das Doppelleben des Birnengitterrostes
Authors: Lutz Matthias , Bauer Robert , Oberwinkler Franz 
Published: December 2006

AbstractMit ihren Fäden können Pilze mühelos lebende Organismen besiedeln. Rostpilze, die Birnbäume als Wirtspflanze nutzen, legen dabei einen erstaunlichen Lebenskreislauf an den Tag – als Pflanzenparasit und Pilzparasit zugleich
Einstmals an der Weihrauchstraße
Authors: Eichmann Ricardo , Hausleiter Arnulf , Götzelt Thomas 
Published: December 2006

AbstractTayma war die bedeutendste Palmenoase Arabiens, an der Karamelkarawanen rasteten und ihre Handelswaren verkauften. Siedlungsgeschichtliche Grabungen und neue archäologische Funde zeigen, dass sich die Oase an einem markanten Schnittpunkt der antiken Kulturen entwickelte
Investigation of downstream target genes of PAX3c, PAX3e and PAX3g isoforms in melanocytes by microarray analysis
Authors: Wang Qiuyu , Kumar Shant , Mitsios Nick , Slevin Mark , Kumar Patricia 
Published: December 2006

AbstractPAX3 encodes a transcription factor, which with Zic1 is necessary for induction of the neural crest during early embryonic development. There are 7 human PAX3 isoforms (a–h). PAX3e is the full length isoform comprising 10 exons. PAX3c comprises 8 exons plus 5 codons of intron 8, while PAX3g has a truncated transactivation domain. Previous studies by us indicated that these isoforms have different activities in melanocytes in vitro. In this study, a mouse gene oligo array (∼7.5 k oligos), from the Human Genome Mapping Project (HGMP) Resource Centre, was used to screen for alterations in downstream gene expression in PAX3c, PAX3e and PAX3g melanocyte transfectants, compared with empty vector controls. The data analyses identified 109 genes up or downregulated, at least 2‐fold, and involved in cell differentiation, proliferation, migration, adhesion, apoptosis and angiogenesis. Semi‐quantitative RT‐PCR and Western blotting confirmed the changes identified by microarrays for several putative targets of PAX3, including Met, MyoD and Muc18, and previously undescribed targets, including Dhh, Fgf17, Kitl and Rac1. Thus, our data reveal that PAX3 isoforms regulate distinct but overlapping sets of genes in melanocytes in vitro. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The pharmacological properties of anisodamine
Authors: Poupko Jay M. , Baskin Steven I. , Moore Eric 
Published: December 2006

AbstractAnisodamine is a naturally occurring atropine derivative that has been isolated, synthesized and characterized by scientists in the People's Republic of China. Like atropine and scopolamine, anisodamine is a non‐specific cholinergic antagonist exhibiting the usual spectrum of pharmacological effects of this drug class. It appears to be less potent and less toxic than atropine and displays less CNS toxicity than scopolamine. Anisodamine has been shown to interact with and disrupt liposome structure which may reflect its effects on cellular membranes. Experimental evidence implicates anisodamine as an anti‐oxidant that may protect against free radical‐induced cellular damage. Its cardiovascular properties include depression of cardiac conduction and the ability to protect against arrhythmia induced by various agents. Anisodamine is a relatively weak α1 adrenergic antagonist which may explain its vasodilating activity. Its anti‐thrombotic activity may be a result of inhibition of thromboxane synthesis. The T1/2 of anisodamine in humans is about 2–3 h. Numerous therapeutic uses of anisodamine have been proposed including treatment of septic shock, various circulatory disorders, organophosphorus (OP) poisoning, migraine, gastric ulcers, gastrointestinal colic, acute glomerular nephritis, eclampsia, respiratory diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, obstructive jaundice, opiate addiction, snake bite and radiation damage protection. The primary therapeutic use of anisodamine has been for the treatment of septic shock. Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain its beneficial effect though most mechanisms are based upon the assumption that anisodamine ultimately acts by an improvement of blood flow in the microcirculation. Preliminary studies suggest another important therapeutic use of anisodamine is for the treatment of OP poisoning. Additional research is needed to delineate further the clinical usefulness of anisodamine relative to other anti‐muscarinic drugs such as atropine and scopolamine. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Can lease contracts block your reorganization?
Authors: Contino Richard M. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractShould your reorganization due diligence include a review of your equipment leases? The author of this article—an expert in equipment leasing and financing—warns that an equipment lease can restrict your company's ability to reorganize. He explains how to avoid these problems and offers a handy checklist to help you stay out of trouble. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.