bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multi-pathological contributions toward atrophy patterns in the Alzheimer’s disease continuum
Authors: Mohanty Rosaleena , Ferreira Daniel , Westman Eric 
Published: April 2024

IntroductionHeterogeneity in downstream atrophy in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is predominantly investigated in relation to pathological hallmarks (Aβ, tau) and co-pathologies (cerebrovascular burden) independently. However, the proportional contribution of each pathology in determining atrophy pattern remains unclear. We assessed heterogeneity in atrophy using two recently conceptualized dimensions: typicality (typical AD atrophy at the center and deviant atypical atrophy on either extreme including limbic predominant to hippocampal sparing patterns) and severity (overall neurodegeneration spanning minimal atrophy to diffuse typical AD atrophy) in relation to Aβ, tau, and cerebrovascular burden.MethodsWe included 149 Aβ + individuals on the AD continuum (cognitively normal, prodromal AD, AD dementia) and 163 Aβ− cognitively normal individuals from the ADNI. We modeled heterogeneity in MRI-based atrophy with continuous-scales of typicality (ratio of hippocampus to cortical volume) and severity (total gray matter volume). Partial correlation models investigated the association of typicality/severity with (a) Aβ (global Aβ PET centiloid), tau (global tau PET SUVR), cerebrovascular (total white matter hypointensity volume) burden (b) four cognitive domains (memory, executive function, language, visuospatial composites). Using multiple regression, we assessed the association of each pathological burden and typicality/severity with cognition.Results(a) In the AD continuum, typicality (r = −0.31, p &lt; 0.001) and severity (r = −0.37, p &lt; 0.001) were associated with tau burden after controlling for Aβ, cerebrovascular burden and age. Findings imply greater tau pathology in limbic predominant atrophy and diffuse atrophy. (b) Typicality was associated with memory (r = 0.49, p &lt; 0.001) and language scores (r = 0.19, p = 0.02). Severity was associated with memory (r = 0.26, p &lt; 0.001), executive function (r = 0.24, p = 0.003) and language scores (r = 0.29, p &lt; 0.001). Findings imply better cognitive performance in hippocampal sparing and minimal atrophy patterns. Beyond typicality/severity, tau burden but not Aβ and cerebrovascular burden explained cognition.ConclusionIn the AD continuum, atrophy-based severity was more strongly associated with tau burden than typicality after accounting for Aβ and cerebrovascular burden. Cognitive performance in memory, executive function and language domains was explained by typicality and/or severity and additionally tau pathology. Typicality and severity may differentially reflect burden arising from tau pathology but not Aβ or cerebrovascular pathologies which need to be accounted for when investigating AD heterogeneity.
Brain alterations in adolescents with first-episode depression who have experienced adverse events: evidence from resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Xia Xiaodi , Tang Jinxiang , Peng Yadong , Liu Ying , Chen Yingying , Yuan Meng , Yu Renqiang , Hou Xiao , Fu Yixiao 
Published: April 2024

IntroductionAdverse life events constitute primary risk factors for major depressive disorder (MDD), influencing brain function and structure. Adolescents, with their brains undergoing continuous development, are particularly susceptible to enduring impacts of adverse events.MethodsWe investigated differences and correlations among childhood trauma, negative life events, and alterations of brain function in adolescents with first-episode MDD. The study included 23 patients with MDD and 19 healthy controls, aged 10–19 years. All participants underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging and were assessed using the beck depression inventory, childhood trauma questionnaire, and adolescent self-rating life events checklist.ResultsCompared with healthy controls, participants with first-episode MDD were more likely to have experienced emotional abuse, physical neglect, interpersonal relationship problems, and learning stress (all p’ &lt; 0.05). These adverse life events were significantly correlated with alterations in brain functions (all p &lt; 0.05).DiscussionThis study contributes novel evidence on the underlying process between adverse life events, brain function, and depression, emphasizing the significant neurophysiological impact of environmental factors.
Cannabis use and mood disorders: a systematic review
Authors: Sorkhou Maryam , Dent Eliza L. , George Tony P. 
Published: April 2024

BackgroundProblematic cannabis use is highly prevalent among people with mood disorders. This underscores the need to understand the effects of cannabis and cannabinoids in this population, especially considering legalization of recreational cannabis use.ObjectivesWe aimed to (1) systematically evaluate cross-sectional and longitudinal studies investigating the interplay between cannabis use, cannabis use disorder (CUD), and the occurrence of mood disorders and symptoms, with a focus on major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD) and; (2) examine the effects of cannabis on the prognosis and treatment outcomes of MDD and BD.MethodsFollowing PRISMA guidelines, we conducted an extensive search for English-language studies investigating the potential impact of cannabis on the development and prognosis of mood disorders published from inception through November 2023, using EMBASE, PsycINFO, PubMed, and MEDLINE databases.ResultsOur literature search identified 3,262 studies, with 78 meeting inclusion criteria. We found that cannabis use is associated with increased depressive and manic symptoms in the general population in addition to an elevated likelihood of developing MDD and BD. Furthermore, we observed that cannabis use is linked to an unfavorable prognosis in both MDD or BD.DiscussionOur findings suggest that cannabis use may negatively influence the development, course, and prognosis of MDD and BD. Future well-designed studies, considering type, amount, and frequency of cannabis use while addressing confounding factors, are imperative for a comprehensive understanding of this relationship.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42023481634.
Assessing the Potential for Photochemical Reflectance Index to Improve the Relationship between Solar-Induced Chlorophyll Fluorescence and Gross Primary Productivity in Crop and Soybean
Authors: Chen Jidai , Huang Lizhou , Zuo Qinwen , Shi Jiasong 
Published: April 2024

Photosynthesis is influenced by dynamic energy allocation under various environmental conditions. Solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF), an important pathway for dissipating absorbed energy, has been extensively used to evaluate gross primary productivity (GPP). However, the potential for photochemical reflectance index (PRI), as an indicator of non-photochemical quenching (NPQ), to improve the SIF-based GPP estimation, has not been thoroughly investigated. In this study, using continually tower-based observations, we examined how PRI affected the link between SIF and GPP for corn and soybean at half-hourly and daily timescales. The relationship of GPP to SIF and PRI is impacted by stress indicated by vapor pressure deficit (VPD) and crop water stress index (CWSI). Moreover, the ratio of GPP to SIF of corn was more sensitive to PRI compared to soybean. Whether in Pearson or Partial correlation analysis, the relationships of PRI to the ratio of GPP to SIF were almost all significant, regardless of controlling structural-physiological (stomatal conductance, vegetation indices) and environmental variables (light intensity, etc.). Therefore, PRI significantly affects the SIF–GPP relationship for corn (r > 0.31, p < 0.01) and soybean (r > 0.22, p < 0.05). After combining SIF and PRI using the multi-variable linear model, the GPP estimation has been largely improved (the coefficient of determination, abbreviated as R2, increased from 0.48 to 0.49 to 0.78 to 0.84 and the Root Mean Square Error, abbreviated as RMSE, decreased from 6.38 to 10.22 to 3.56 to 6.60 μmol CO2·m−2·s−1 for corn, R2 increased from 0.54 to 0.62 to 0.78 to 0.82 and RMSE decreased from 6.25 to 9.59 to 4.34 to 6.60 μmol CO2·m−2·s−1 for soybean). It suggests that better GPP estimations for corn and soybean can be obtained when SIF is combined with PRI.
Anti-Bolshevik Military Construction and Combat Operations: Irkutsk Military District, 1918–1919
Authors: Новиков П.А. 
Published: April 2024

Данная статья рассматривает основные организационные мероприятия Иркутского военного округа антибольшевистских сил во 2-й половине 1918 г. и в течении 1919 гг. Представлена количественная динамика военного строительства, отмечены его наиболее значимые вехи, показана степень преемственности управленческих решений, успехи и неудачи в преодолении дефицита людских и материальных ресурсов, указаны командующие округом. Для реконструкции общего контекста в начальной части материала дана краткая ретроспектива военно-инфраструктурного развития Восточной Сибири в 1884-1917 гг. и краткий обзор начального периода Гражданской войны в регионе. Применительно к периоду 1918-1919 гг. показана сложная взаимосвязь мобилизационных усилий и боевой работы войск, достижения и провалы во взаимодействии фронта и тыла, роль и значение партизанского движения. Детально разбирается хронология и масштабы призывов, осуществленных белыми властями. Рассматриваются попытки белого командования переломить ход вооруженной борьбы и характеризуются события конца 1919 г.
This article explores the primary organizational measures taken by the anti-Bolshevik forces in the Irkutsk Military District during the latter half of 1918 and throughout 1919. The article presents the quantitative progression of military construction, highlights its key milestones, illustrates the continuity of management decisions, discusses the successes and failures in overcoming shortages of human and material resources, specifies the district commanders. To provide a broader context, the first section of the article offers a brief retrospective of the military and infrastructural development of Eastern Siberia from 1884 to 1917, as well as a concise overview of the early stages of the Civil War in the region. In relation to the 1918–1919 period, the article examines the intricate interrelation between mobilization efforts and combat operations, the successes and failures in coordinating the front and rear lines, and the role and significance of the partisan movement. The article provides a detailed analysis of the chronology and scale of conscriptions implemented by the White authorities. The article discusses the White command's attempts to change the course of the armed conflict and characterizes the events that took place at the end of 1919.
Contaminación del aire por PM2.5 en Morelia, Michoacán
Authors: Correa Garcí­a Armando 
Published: April 2024

En este estudio se analizó la contaminación atmosférica por partículas suspendidas PM2.5 de la ciudad de Morelia, Michoacán México. Se realizaron análisis de varianza (ANOVA) no paramétrico y métodos de correlación y regresión, para evaluar la relación entre las PM2.5 con monóxido de carbono (CO), ozono (O3) y PM2.5 registrados en dos sitios de monitoreo en Morelia y 1 en la Zona Metropolitana de la ciudad de México. En términos generales, el centro de Morelia predominó con altas concentraciones de PM2.5 en comparación con los observados en la Enes-UNAM, campus Morelia y la estación Merced del centro de la ciudad de México. Asimismo, la contaminación por PM2.5 en Morelia, aumentó 53% del periodo 2015-2023; los meses con mayor incremento fueron enero, febrero y marzo 2023 con 84%, 65% y 106% respectivamente.

También, se reporta el incremento histórico de 46 días por encima de la norma oficial mexicana NOM-025-SSA1-2021, que establece como límite 41µg/m3 de PM2.5 como promedio diario, de los cuales 8 días fueron consecutivos, sobre todo en mayo 2023 debido en parte a las quemas agrícolas e incendios forestales ocurridos en la periferia de Morelia. Pero el número de días, se debió al cambio del valor anterior de 45µg/m3 reglamentado en la NOM-025-SSA1-2014.

Palabras clave: partículas suspendidas PM10, PM2.5, monóxido de carbono, ozono, quemas agrícolas.
REABSORÇÃO RADICULAR INTERNA ASSOCIADA A TRAUMATISMO DENTÁRIO: RELATO DE CASO CLÍNICO
Authors: Ribeiro Gonçalves Francisco Nathizael , Alexandre Rodrigues Ranyele Elis , Canuto Melo de Sousa Lopes Mariana , Costa Borges Marcela Maria , Sales De Brito Edla Helena , Bezerra Brasileiro Ravel , Martins De Paula Diego , Ximenes Souza Emily Nicole , Brito Santos Amanda , Simplício Bezerra Monalisa , Rodrigues Fernandes Bruna 
Published: April 2024

A reabsorção radicular interna consiste na destruição de partes de estruturas dentárias mineralizadas, devido ao resultado da ação de células especializadas, os osteoclastos, e na superfície interna da cavidade pulpar, sendo ela uma das consequências do traumatismo dentário e se não for tratada pode causar danos irreversíveis a estrutura dentária tanto interna quanto externamente a superfície radicular. O diagnóstico das alterações pulpares exige uma abordagem sistemática do paciente, incluindo exame clínico, anamnese e exames complementares. A partir da interação entre esses fatores é possível identificar a doença e, dessa forma, estabelecer o plano de tratamento a ser executado. A detecção e o tratamento precoce determinam a limitação de seus danos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi relatar um caso clínico de um paciente que sofreu traumatismo dentário no dente 21, diagnosticado com necrose pulpar e portador de reabsorção radicular interna. Foi realizado o tratamento endodôntico do elemento e foi submetido a um tratamento endodôntico em multiplas sessões, com utilização de protocolo de agitação da solução irrigante para adequada limpeza e desinfecção do sistema de canais radiculares. Na sessão de retorno, o paciente já sem sintomatologia, teve seu dente obturado. O tratamento proposto demonstrou excelentes resultados.
Quantifying task-related gaze
Authors: Walter Kerri , Freeman Michelle , Bex Peter 
Published: April 2024

AbstractCompeting theories attempt to explain what guides eye movements when exploring natural scenes: bottom-up image salience and top-down semantic salience. In one study, we apply language-based analyses to quantify the well-known observation that task influences gaze in natural scenes. Subjects viewed ten scenes as if they were performing one of two tasks. We found that the semantic similarity between the task and the labels of objects in the scenes captured the task-dependence of gaze (t(39) = 13.083; p < 0.001). In another study, we examined whether image salience or semantic salience better predicts gaze during a search task, and if viewing strategies are affected by searching for targets of high or low semantic relevance to the scene. Subjects searched 100 scenes for a high- or low-relevance object. We found that image salience becomes a worse predictor of gaze across successive fixations, while semantic salience remains a consistent predictor (X2(1, N=40) = 75.148, p < .001). Furthermore, we found that semantic salience decreased as object relevance decreased (t(39) = 2.304; p = .027). These results suggest that semantic salience is a useful predictor of gaze during task-related scene viewing, and that even in target-absent trials, gaze is modulated by the relevance of a search target to the scene in which it might be located.
Strategies for enhancing automatic fixation detection in head-mounted eye tracking
Authors: Drews Michael , Dierkes Kai 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMoving through a dynamic world, humans need to intermittently stabilize gaze targets on their retina to process visual information. Overt attention being thus split into discrete intervals, the automatic detection of such fixation events is paramount to downstream analysis in many eye-tracking studies. Standard algorithms tackle this challenge in the limiting case of little to no head motion. In this static scenario, which is approximately realized for most remote eye-tracking systems, it amounts to detecting periods of relative eye stillness. In contrast, head-mounted eye trackers allow for experiments with subjects moving naturally in everyday environments. Detecting fixations in these dynamic scenarios is more challenging, since gaze-stabilizing eye movements need to be reliably distinguished from non-fixational gaze shifts. Here, we propose several strategies for enhancing existing algorithms developed for fixation detection in the static case to allow for robust fixation detection in dynamic real-world scenarios recorded with head-mounted eye trackers. Specifically, we consider (i) an optic-flow-based compensation stage explicitly accounting for stabilizing eye movements during head motion, (ii) an adaptive adjustment of algorithm sensitivity according to head-motion intensity, and (iii) a coherent tuning of all algorithm parameters. Introducing a new hand-labeled dataset, recorded with the Pupil Invisible glasses by Pupil Labs, we investigate their individual contributions. The dataset comprises both static and dynamic scenarios and is made publicly available. We show that a combination of all proposed strategies improves standard thresholding algorithms and outperforms previous approaches to fixation detection in head-mounted eye tracking.
The English Sublexical Toolkit: Methods for indexing sound–spelling consistency
Authors: Wiley Robert W. , Singh Sartaj , Baig Yusuf , Key Kristin , Purcell Jeremy J. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis work introduces the English Sublexical Toolkit, a suite of tools that utilizes an experience-dependent learning framework of sublexical knowledge to extract regularities from the English lexicon. The Toolkit quantifies the empirical regularity of sublexical units in both the reading and spelling directions (i.e., grapheme-to-phoneme and phoneme-to-grapheme) and at multiple grain sizes (i.e., phoneme/grapheme and onset/rime unit size). It can extract multiple experience-dependent regularity indices for words or pseudowords, including both frequency indices (e.g., grapheme frequency) and conditional probability indices (e.g., grapheme-to-phoneme probability). These tools provide (1) superior estimates of the regularities that better reflect the complexity of the sublexical system relative to previously published indices and (2) completely novel indices of sublexical units such as phonographeme frequency (i.e., combined units of individual phonemes and graphemes that are independent of processing direction). We demonstrate that measures from the toolkit explain significant amounts of variance in empirical data (naming of real words and lexical decision), and either outperform or are comparable to the best available consistency measures. The flexibility of the toolkit is further demonstrated by its ability to readily index the probability of different pseudowords pronunciations, and we report that the measures account for the majority of variance in these empirically observed probabilities. Overall, this work provides a framework and resources that can be flexibly used to identify optimal corpus-based consistency measures that help explain reading/spelling behaviors for real and pseudowords.
Devoir de diligence et données personnelles : une proximite annoncée ?
Authors: Mortier Stéphane 
Published: April 2024

Devoir de vigilance, devoir de diligence, sécurité, protection, données personnelles… Si cette sémantique a fait couler beaucoup d’encre ces dernières années, elle a surtout fait en sorte que le règlement général sur la protection des données personnelles (RGPD) soit considéré aujourd’hui comme une référence, si ce n’est une norme mondiale. L’Union doit donc profiter de cet élan positif, et c’est ainsi que doivent être accueillis les projets de législation européenne relatifs au devoir de diligence 1 . À titre d’illustration, les principes directeurs de l’OCDE à l’intention des entreprises multinationales 2 , la loi française relative au devoir de vigilance 3 , mais également la loi néerlandaise relative à l’introduction d’un devoir de vigilance pour empêcher la fourniture de biens et de services provenant du travail d’enfants 4 , sont autant d’ inputs au projet de directive européenne sur le devoir de diligence. Tout cela concerne la protection et la sécurité des personnes physiques et place l’être humain au cœur des dispositifs, qu’il s’agisse de sa personne (au sens physiologique du terme) ou de ses données (au sens virtuel d’identité numérique). C’est là le premier point commun de ces deux législations, effective pour l’une et à venir pour l’autre. Un second point commun est leur dimension extraterritoriale. Pourrait-on rapprocher les deux textes ? La protection des données personnelles ne constitue-t-elle pas un devoir de diligence ? L’idéal européen de protection, de sécurité constitue un tout qu’il serait dommage de rendre sécable.
Le facteur émotionnel de l’activité : Analyser les « angles morts » pour améliorer la QVCT. Bilan d’une recherche immersive en Police Judiciaire française
Authors: Monier Hélène 
Published: April 2024

Cette recherche, s’inscrivant dans un projet scientifique élaboré en partenariat entre notre Centre de Recherche et le CR ENSP 1 , vise à évaluer les risques émotionnels inhérents aux métiers de la police, et les processus de (dys)régulations des émotions mis en place par les policiers/ières et les collectifs policiers, dans un objectif de Qualité de Vie et Conditions de Travail (QVCT). De nombreuses études abordent la question des émotions dans les organisations ces dernières décennies. Mais la composante émotionnelle au travail, dans les pratiques ayant trait à la Gestion des Ressources Humaines (GRH) et au management publics, est un sujet assez récent au sein de milieux professionnels « extrêmes », à haute fiabilité, comme celui de la Police Nationale. Une étude ethnographique et qualitative a été menée par l’auteure au sein de la Direction Territoriale de la Police Judiciaire (DTPJ) d’une métropole française, au cours du printemps 2021. Plusieurs brigades ont été observées : police technique et scientifique, investigation opérationnelle du numérique, division financière, division criminelle, répression du banditisme, office anti-stupéfiants, groupe anti-terroriste. Cette recherche, fondée sur l’immersion de la chercheuse dans des services policiers pendant 26,5 jours et nuits de mai à juin 2021, ainsi que sur 20 entretiens individuels et collectifs, analyse : les émotions vécues par les policiers, leurs pratiques de (dys)régulations émotionnelles aux niveaux individuel, collectif et organisationnel, et révèle leur rapport au sens au travail. Cette recherche fait apparaître l’importance de deux émotions-clefs constituant des « angles morts » du travail : l’intérêt et la frustration, conduisant les policiers à fournir un travail « invisible », et non discuté, sur les affects relatifs à l’activité dans son ensemble. Cette recherche interdisciplinaire mobilise auteure et praticiens autour d’un double objectif : la prévention des risques psychosociaux (RPS), et la QVCT.
Les Jeux olympiques modernes : l’avènement d’un spectacle global
Authors: Dufraisse Sylvain 
Published: April 2024

Les Jeux olympiques constituent aujourd’hui une manifestation d’ampleur internationale qualifiée de méga-événement. Cet article, qui contextualise leur genèse à la fin du xix e siècle et dans la première moitié du xx e siècle, montre qu’il faut dépasser deux récits mythiques : celui d’un lien évident entre les Jeux panhelléniques qui se tenaient à Olympie ; celui faisant de Pierre de Coubertin un quasi-prophète du sport moderne. Les jo sont le fruit d’un contexte, le développement de l’internationalisme sportif à visée humaniste, et le résultat d’une construction circulaire liant les intérêts d’une multitude d’acteurs qui façonnent le spectacle sportif (dirigeants sportifs, dirigeants politiques, journalistes…) .