bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dealing with the shortcomings of spatial normalization: Multi‐subject parcellation of fMRI datasets
Authors: Thirion Bertrand , Flandin Guillaume , Pinel Philippe , Roche Alexis , Ciuciu Philippe , Poline Jean‐Baptiste 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThe analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data recorded on several subjects resorts to the so‐called spatial normalization in a common reference space. This normalization is usually carried out on a voxel‐by‐voxel basis, assuming that after coregistration of the functional images with an anatomical template image in the Talairach reference system, a correct voxel‐based inference can be carried out across subjects. Shortcomings of such approaches are often dealt with by spatially smoothing the data to increase the overlap between subject‐specific activated regions. This procedure, however, cannot adapt to each anatomo‐functional subject configuration. We introduce a novel technique for intra‐subject parcellation based on spectral clustering that delineates homogeneous and connected regions. We also propose a hierarchical method to derive group parcels that are spatially coherent across subjects and functionally homogeneous. We show that we can obtain groups (or cliques) of parcels that well summarize inter‐subject activations. We also show that the spatial relaxation embedded in our procedure improves the sensitivity of random‐effect analysis. Hum Brain Mapp, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A comparison and evaluation of the predictions of relational and conjunctive accounts of hippocampal function
Authors: Moses Sandra N. , Ryan Jennifer D. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractRelational and conjunctive memory theory each postulate that the hippocampus participates in the formation of long‐term memory representations comprised of associations between multiple elements. The goals of the current work were to clarify and contrast these theories by outlining the nature of the representations that are spared vs. impaired following hippocampal damage according to each theoretical perspective. Relational theory predicts that hippocampal lesions will impair performance on tasks that require the formation of new long‐term representations in which distinct elements must be regarded in relation to all other elements. Representations that remain intact despite hippocampal damage include separate representations of distinct individual elements or multiple stimuli fused into a static “blend” such as several elements viewed from one vantage point. Additionally, the relational account predicts that rapid incidental online processing of the relations can be achieved through structures other than the hippocampus, but this information will not be stored. In contrast, conjunctive theory predicts that hippocampal damage will impair the rapid formation of unitary representations that contain features of elements and their relative relationships bound in an inflexible manner. Deficits in the rapid formation of these conjunctive representations result in impaired performance on tasks that require rapid incidental stimulus binding. However, intact formation of conjunctive representations can occur over multiple trials in the service of problem solving. Using these theoretical frameworks, recent findings from the human and nonhuman animal literature are reexamined in order to determine whether one theory better accounts for current findings. We discuss empirical studies that serve as “critical experiments” in addressing the relational vs. conjunctive debate, and find that the predictions of relational theory are supported by existing findings over those from the conjunctive account. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Medial septal modulation of the ascending brainstem hippocampal synchronizing pathways in the freely moving rat
Authors: Bland Brian H. , Bird Jen , Jackson Jesse , Natsume Kiyohisa 
Published: November 2005

AbstractRats implanted with hippocampal recording electrodes were tested in a wheel‐running apparatus under three conditions: (1) independent electrical stimulation of the medial septal nucleus (MS); (2) independent electrical stimulation of the posterior hypothalamic nucleus (PH); and (3) combined electrical stimulation of the MS and PH using pairings of two stimulation conditions, 7 or10 Hz stimulation of the MS, and a low‐ or high‐intensity PH stimulation. Quantitative measures of running speed were taken, and hippocampal recordings were subjected to fast‐Fourier transform analysis. Electrical stimulation of the PH induced wheel‐running behavior; running speed and the accompanying hippocampus (HPC) theta frequency increased with increase in stimulation intensity. Electrical stimulation of the MS failed to induce wheel‐running behavior despite the fact that HPC theta was induced at the frequency of the applied stimulation (7 and 10 Hz). Electrical stimulation of the MS reset the frequency of HPC theta induced by PH stimulation in both the upward and downward directions and increased theta power, while wheel‐running speed was modulated in a downward direction only. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Entorhinal cortex lesions disrupt fear conditioning to background context but spare fear conditioning to a tone in the rat
Authors: Majchrzak M. , Ferry B. , Marchand A.R. , Herbeaux K. , Seillier A. , Barbelivien A. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractRecent studies have shown that the integrity of the entorhinal cortex (EC) is not required for simple contextual conditioning. In background contextual conditioning, i.e., when a phasic cue is present during training, the involvement of the EC is still a matter of debate. Therefore, the present work further examines whether the EC is required for background contextual conditioning using a tone as the phasic cue. Rats sustaining either excitotoxic lesions of the EC or sham‐lesions were trained with one of two procedures differing with respect to the predictive value of the tone: a paired procedure in which the tone perfectly predicts shock occurrence and overshadows context, and an unpaired procedure in which the predictive value of the tone is reduced. Conditioned fear was assessed by freezing responses during conditioning, reexposure to the training context, and reexposure to the tone in a new context. Postshock freezing was reduced in rats with entorhinal lesions. In all rats trained with the paired procedure, freezing to the context was low and freezing to the tone was high, suggesting that the tone has overshadowed the context during the conditioning session. The reverse pattern was observed with the unpaired procedure in sham‐operated rats. In rats with entorhinal lesions trained with the unpaired procedure, freezing responses to the context was markedly reduced. In a new context, however, entorhinal‐lesioned rats showed higher freezing scores than those of sham‐lesioned rats. Freezing to the tone was unaffected by the lesion irrespective of the tone's predictive value. As a whole, these results support the notion that the EC is required for normal background contextual freezing. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Lateralized functional components of spatial cognition in the avian hippocampal formation: Evidence from single‐unit recordings in freely moving homing pigeons
Authors: Siegel Jennifer J. , Nitz Douglas , Bingman Verner P. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractPrevious research has revealed that the functional components of spatial cognition are lateralized in the forebrain of birds, including the hippocampal formation (HF). To investigate how HF cells in the left and right avian brain may differentially participate in representations of space, we recorded single‐units from the HF of homing pigeons as they ran a plus maze for food. The rate maps of left HF cells often displayed elongated regions of increased activity in the center of the maze and along the maze corridors, whereas right HF cells tended to display patches at the ends of maze arms at/near goal locations. Left HF cells displayed a higher degree of spatial‐specificity compared with right HF cells, including higher patch‐specificity, higher reliability, and a higher incidence of location‐correlated activity. Analysis of speed‐correlated and trajectory‐dependent activity also revealed significant HF‐lateralized differences. Right HF cells tended to display significant negative correlations between spike rate and speed, although speed‐dependent rate maps indicate that this relationship did not explain their space‐specific activity. Left HF cells displayed a significantly higher incidence of trajectory‐dependent space‐specific activity than was observed in the right HF, suggesting that left HF cells may participate in navigating among goal locations. Differences in the correlates of left and right pigeon HF cells are consistent with unilateral HF‐lesion data suggesting that the functional components of spatial cognition are lateralized in the avian brain, and furthermore, provide a basis for hypotheses regarding how the left and right HF support different aspects of spatial cognition. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mixed convective heat transfer of water in a pipe under supercritical pressure
Authors: Xu Feng , Guo Liejin , Bai Bofeng 
Published: November 2005

AbstractBecause of the rapid properties variation of fluid under supercritical pressure, there is a violent secondary flow in a heated pipe, which will certainly complicate the heat transfer of fluid in a pipe under supercritical pressure. In this paper, a numerical study is conducted for the laminar developing mixed convective heat transfer of water under supercritical pressure. The velocity field and temperature field are given, and the influence of different parameters on flow and heat transfer is investigated in detail. The results show that secondary flow has a great influence on velocity and temperature distributions and thus affects the friction factor and the Nusselt number remarkably. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res, 34(8): 608–619, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/htj.20079
Fluid flow and heat transfer of opposing mixed convection adjacent to vertical heated plates
Authors: Kitamura Kenzo , Yamamoto Manabu , Kimura Fumiyoshi 
Published: November 2005

AbstractOpposing mixed convective flows induced around heated vertical plates were investigated experimentally. The experiments have been carried out with air and test plates of 100 mm and 200 mm long. The flow fields over the heated plates were visualized and the local heat transfer coefficients of the plates were measured for a wide range of Reynolds and Rayleigh numbers; ReL = 7 × 102−1.5 × 104, Ra = 9 × 106−8 × 108. The visualization experiments showed that the separation of the boundary layer appears first at the trailing edge of the plate when the non‐dimensional parameter of (Gr/Re) = 0.35, and that the separation point reaches the leading edge when (GrL*/ReL2.5) = 1.0. The heat transfer experiments showed that the above flow separation retards the heat transfer significantly from that of pure forced convection. It was also revealed that the flows over the heated plates can be categorized into forced, natural, and combined convection using the above parameter, (Gr/Re), as (Gr/Re) < 0.2, (Gr/Re) > 3 and 0.2 < (Gr/Re) < 3, respectively. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res, 34(8): 595–607, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/htj.20080
Pattern analysis of a single droplet impinging onto a heated plate
Authors: Wang An‐Bang , Lin Chih‐Hung , Cheng Chi‐Chang 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThe time scale for measuring the heat transfer phenomena, such as the Leidenfrost phenomenon, is much longer than the hydrodynamic transient period of a droplet impinging onto a heated surface. However, the Leidenfrost temperature has been long since taken as the criterion to classify characteristic regimes for not only heat transfer but also hydrodynamic impact patterns of liquid‐solid‐interface problems in the literature. The impingement phenomena of a single droplet onto a heated plate for We <200 were experimentally classified as five different characteristic patterns in this paper. They are [I] completely wet, [II] wet film boiling, [III] transition, [IV] dry rebounding, and [V] satellite dry rebounding impact patterns. The former two patterns belong to wet impact, while the latter two are dry impact. This work reveals that the hydrodynamic impact parameter does influence the classification of characteristic impact patterns, especially for the dry impact patterns. For high impact Weber numbers, the dry impact happens to the plate surface temperature much lower than the commonly believed Leidenfrost temperature due to the squeeze film effect. The evolutions that impact changes from one to another characteristic patterns are also discussed. This paper offers a systematic and reliable database for future numerical simulations. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res, 34(8): 579–594, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/htj.20089
The dynamic characteristics of a thermal control system using latent heat: Comparison between analytical and experimental results
Authors: Fujii Terushige , Kawasaki Haruo , Tooyama Shinichi , Sugimoto Katsumi , Asano Hitoshi 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThe two‐phase flow thermal control system, using latent heat of the internal fluid, has received a great deal of research interest as a method for heat removal on the space station and the Space Solar Power System (SSPS). The system has a much lower weight than the single‐phase flow, and the temperature can be accurately controlled by changing the saturated pressure inside the loop. To date, this system has not been put into practical use. Numerical analyses were therefore used to investigate the dynamic responses of the loop and to investigate the operational characteristics of the thermal control system. A simulation model was constructed, and the results of the numerical analysis were compared with the experimental results. Good agreement was obtained between analytical and experimental results. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res, 34(8): 564–578, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/htj.20090
Effect of fins on forced convection heat transfer around a tube in an aligned‐arranged tube bundle
Authors: Hashizume Kenichi , Sueoka Yoshiaki 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThe effect of fins on heat transfer around a tube in an aligned‐arranged tube bundle was investigated experimentally, and the obtained results were compared for three arrangements, i.e., single tube, single tube row, and staggered‐arrangement. It was found from the experiment that the effect of fins begins to appear in an aligned‐arrangement with larger fin spacing than in a staggered‐arrangement. The degradation in the local heat transfer coefficient due to fins can be recognized not only on the rear region of the tube, as observed in other arrangements, but also on the frontal region. As a result of this phenomenon, the degradation in the average heat transfer coefficient in an aligned‐arrangement becomes larger than in other arrangements with the same fin spacing. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res, 34(8): 555–563, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/htj.20091
Molecular analysis of the PI3K‐AKT pathway in uterine cervical neoplasia: Frequent PIK3CA amplification and AKT phosphorylation
Authors: Bertelsen Bjørn I. , Steine Solrun J. , Sandvei Roar , Molven Anders , Laerum Ole Didrik 
Published: November 2005

AbstractUterine cervical carcinogenesis is probably dependent on cellular genetic damage in addition to the integration of high‐risk HPV DNA in the epithelial cell genome. Gain of chromosome 3q24–29 is commonly observed in cervical neoplasia. The putative oncogene PIK3CA located in this region encodes a phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3K). In a process reversed by PTEN, PI3K generates inositol phospholipids that trigger AKT phosphorylation, which in turn effects tumor driving signals. We studied 46 specimens of formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded cervical neoplastic tissue. The activation state of the PI3K‐AKT pathway was assessed immunohistochemically using an antibody with specificity towards serine 473‐phosphorylated AKT. AKT phosphorylation was found in 39 out of 46 examined specimens. To examine the possible molecular basis for this activation, we searched for PIK3CA amplification using quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction. PIK3CA gene copy number was estimated to be 3 or more in 28 out of 40 successfully examined cases. Further, a PTEN mutation analysis of all 9 PTEN exons was carried out, but except for 1 metastasis with an exon 9 V369I heterozygosity, all cases showed normal PTEN sequence. Immunohistochemical staining for PTEN was strong in all lesions. In conclusion, an increased activation state of AKT kinase appears to be present in cervical carcinogenesis, and may be accounted for by PIK3CA amplification, whereas PTEN mutation seems to be of little importance. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prevalence of MYH germline mutations in Swiss APC mutation‐negative polyposis patients
Authors: Russell Anna M. , Zhang Jian , Luz Judith , Hutter Pierre , Chappuis Pierre O. , Berthod Claudine Rey , Maillet Philippe , Mueller Hansjakob , Heinimann Karl 
Published: November 2005

AbstractIn 10–30% of patients with classical familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) and up to 90% of those with attenuated (<100 colorectal adenomas; AFAP) polyposis, no pathogenic germline mutation in the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene can be identified (APC mutation‐negative). Recently, biallelic mutations in the base excision repair gene MYH have been shown to predispose to a multiple adenoma and carcinoma phenotype. This study aimed to (i) assess the MYH mutation carrier frequency among Swiss APC mutation‐negative patients and (ii) identify phenotypic differences between MYH mutation carriers and APC/MYH mutation‐negative polyposis patients. Seventy‐nine unrelated APC mutation‐negative Swiss patients with either classical (n = 18) or attenuated (n = 61) polyposis were screened for germline mutations in MYH by dHPLC and direct genomic DNA sequencing. Overall, 7 (8.9%) biallelic and 9 (11.4%) monoallelic MYH germline mutation carriers were identified. Among patients with a family history compatible with autosomal recessive inheritance (n = 45), 1 (10.0%) out of 10 classical polyposis and 6 (17.1%) out of 35 attenuated polyposis patients carried biallelic MYH alterations, 2 of which represent novel gene variants (p.R171Q and p.R231H). Colorectal cancer was significantly (p < 0.007) more frequent in biallelic mutation carriers (71.4%) compared with that of monoallelic and MYH mutation‐negative polyposis patients (0 and 13.8%, respectively). On the basis of our findings and earlier reports, MYH mutation screening should be considered if all of the following criteria are fulfilled: (i) presence of classical or attenuated polyposis coli, (ii) absence of a pathogenic APC mutation, and (iii) a family history compatible with an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
T cells specific for HPV16 E7 epitopes in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx
Authors: Hoffmann Thomas K. , Arsov Christian , Schirlau Kerstin , Bas Murat , Friebe‐Hoffmann Ulrike , Klussmann Jens Peter , Scheckenbach Kathrin , Balz Vera , Bier Henning , Whiteside Theresa L. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractSquamous cell carcinomas of the oropharynx (SCCO) are often infected with oncogenic human papilloma virus (HPV) subtype 16. To determine the frequency of T cells specific for human leukocyte antigen (HLA)‐A2.1 restricted HPV16 E7 protein‐derived epitopes, tetramer analysis was performed using peripheral blood lymphocytes of 20 HLA‐A2.1+ patients and 20 HLA‐A2.1+ healthy individuals. Tetramers specific for 3 HPV16 peptides (E711–20, E782–90 and E786–93), an influenza matrix peptide (a model recall antigen) or an HIV reverse transcriptase peptide (a model novel antigen) were used in multicolor flow analysis. The HPV‐specific T‐cell frequencies were correlated with the HPV16 E7 and p16 status in tumor sections. In vitro stimulation (IVS) with autologous dendritic cells (DC) pulsed with HPV16 E7 epitopes was performed to demonstrate proliferation and antitumor activity of the HPV‐responsive T cells. Frequencies of CD8+ T cells specific for HPV16 E7 peptides were not significantly different in patients with SCCO relative to normal donors. However, patients with tumors expressing HPV16 E7 (60%) and p16 (50%) had an increased frequency (p < 0.05) of T cells specific for the E711–20 epitope compared to those with tumors negative for both markers. HPV16 E711–20 and HPV16 E786–93 specific T cells were expandable upon IVS with cognate peptide‐pulsed DC and were reactive against peptide‐pulsed targets or, in case of the E711–20 epitope‐specific T cells, against HPV16 E7 expressing CaSki cell line. Thus, in patients with HPV16+ SCCO, precursor T cells specific for E711–20 epitope are present (1/3,947) in the circulation, are responsive to stimulation with the cognate viral peptide and recognize in vitro HPV16 E7+ tumor cells. Further studies have to elucidate why those T cells are unable to eliminate the tumor in vivo and this might also allow for finding potential strategies that will increase the chances of developing a future HPV‐based vaccine in patients with SCCO. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparison of the clinical significance of occult tumor cells in blood and bone marrow in breast cancer
Authors: Wiedswang Gro , Borgen Elin , Schirmer Cecilie , Kåresen Rolf , Kvalheim Gunnar , Nesland Jahn M. , Naume Bjørn 
Published: November 2005

AbstractImmunocytochemical (ICC) detection of disseminated tumor cells (DTC) in bone marrow (BM) in early breast cancer is an independent prognostic factor. The significance of circulating tumor cells (CTC) in peripheral blood (PB) needs further exploration and comparison to DTC detection. PB and BM were prospectively collected from 341 breast cancer patients median 40 months after operation. PB samples were analyzed for tumor cells by a negative immunomagnetic technique (10 × 106 cells/test). BM aspirates were analyzed by standard ICC (2 × 106 cells/test). CTC were present in 10% of the patients and DTC in 14%. Thirty‐seven relapses and 14 breast cancer deaths have occurred at median 66 months after diagnosis. Both CTC‐status and DTC‐status were significantly associated with disease free survival (DFS) (event rate: CTC‐positive 26.5% vs. CTC‐negative 9.1%; DTC‐positive 29.2% vs. DTC‐negative 7.8%) (p < 0.001/p < 0.001, log rank) and breast cancer specific survival (event rate: CTC‐positive 17.6% vs. CTC‐negative 2.6%; DTC‐positive 12.5% vs. DTC‐negative 2.7%) (p < 0.001/p < 0.001). The presence of both CTC and DTC (n = 8) resulted in an especially poor prognosis (p < 0.001). In node negative patients, DTC‐status, but not CTC‐status, predicted differences in DFS (p = 0.006 vs. p = 0.503). Excluding 23 patients with breast cancer‐related events prior to the sample collections, CTC detection was not significantly associated with DFS/distant‐DFS (p = 0.158/0.193), in contrast to DTC detection (p < 0.001/<0.001). Presence of CTC and absence of DTC did not affect DFS (p = 0.516). Applied to early stage disease, CTC analysis of increased volumes of PB appears less sensitive and prognostic than standard DTC analysis. Currently, this does not support an exchange of BM with PB for analysis of occult tumor cells. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.