bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Sputtered Calcium Phosphate Coatings of Different Crystallinity on Osteoblast Differentiation
Authors: Berube Patricia , Yang Yunzhi , Carnes David L. , Stover Robert E. , Boland Edward J. , Ong Joo L. 
Published: October 2005

Background: Coating titanium implants with hydroxyapatite (HA) has been suggested to increase osseointegration by stimulating early osteoblast function. The goal of this study was to determine the extent to which the crystalline content of the HA surface affected osteoblast function in vitro.Methods: Osteoblasts were isolated from fetal rat calvaria. Titanium coupons were sputter coated and analyzed. Mineralized nodule formation on plastic using von Kossa staining was compared to tetracycline and procion dye labeling. Cell proliferation, adhesion, alkaline phosphatase activity, morphology and spreading, and cytoskeletal arrangement were analyzed. Reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) was used to determine the expression of mRNA for specific proteins.Results: The percent crystallinity of coatings was 0% (HA1), 1.9% ± 0.4% (HA2), and 66.4% ± 2.8% (HA3). The nodule formation and cell number were greatest on titanium and HA3 compared to HA1 and HA2 (P <0.01). At weeks 2 to 4, all samples showed strong alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, monocyte‐colony stimulating factor (M‐CSF), and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL) expression, but the specific activity of alkaline phosphatase decreased. Cell adherence was greater than 60% of applied cells for all surfaces except HA3. The cells were significantly more elongated on titanium, with no difference on the HA‐coated surfaces. Actin filaments were arranged peripherally at 5 hours but arranged parallel to the long axis of the cell at 20 hours.Conclusions: Procion labeling is a valid method for evaluating mineralized nodule formation on opaque surfaces. There were no major differences in osteoblast function using titanium or high‐crystalline coatings, and most functions were decreased on amorphous or low‐crystalline coatings.
Factors Affecting the Outcomes of Coronally Advanced Flap Root Coverage Procedure
Authors: Huang Lien‐Hui , Neiva Rodrigo E.F. , Wang Hom‐Lay 
Published: October 2005

Background: The coronally advanced flap (CAF) has been used to treat gingival recession. However, the final outcomes (percentage of root coverage) vary from case to case. Hence, the purpose of this study was to analyze the factors that may affect the results of CAF root coverage procedures.Methods: Twenty‐three systemically healthy patients (mean age, 43.8 ± 11.9 years) each with one Miller's Class I buccal recession defect were included. Baseline clinical parameters included recession depth (RD), recession width (RW), gingival thickness (GT), width of keratinized tissue (WKT), clinical attachment level (CAL), probing depth (PD), plaque index (PI), and gingival index (GI). CAF root coverage procedures were performed to correct the recession defects. Patients were followed at 2, 4, 12, and 24 weeks post‐surgery, at which time wound healing index (WHI) and other measurements were recorded.Results: The mean baseline RD was 2.9 ± 0.4 mm; RW, 3.4 ± 0.6 mm; WKT, 2.7 ± 1.3 mm; and GT, 1.1 ± 0.3 mm. At mid‐buccal, the mean CAL was 4.5 ± 0.8 mm. Six months after surgery, the average RC was 82.3% ± 24.7%; RD, 0.5 ± 0.7 mm; RW, 0.4 ± 0.9 mm; WKT, 3.2 ± 0.9 mm; and GT, 1.5 ± 0.5 mm. At mid‐buccal, the mean CAL was 1.8 ± 1.1 mm. From baseline to the 6‐month follow‐up, the changes of RC, RD, RW, WKT, GT, and CAL showed statistical significance (P <0.05). Fourteen patients achieved 100% RC. The mean RC in partial coverage cases was 54.8% ± 16.8%. Analysis revealed that an initial GT thicker than 1.2 ± 0.3 mm was associated with complete root coverage at the 6‐month follow‐up (P <0.05).Conclusions: CAF is a predictable procedure to treat Miller's Class I mucogingival defects. Initial GT was the most significant factor associated with complete root coverage.
Human Gingival Fibroblast Integrin Subunit Expression on Titanium Implant Surfaces
Authors: Oates Thomas W. , Maller Steven C. , West Jason , Steffensen Bjorn 
Published: October 2005

Background: Implant surface characteristics have been shown to modify cell behavior and regulate integrin expression. Integrin expression and resultant integrin‐mediated cellular activity are essential components of tissue healing and homeostasis. Although both osseous and soft tissue healing around dental implants are critical to clinical success, there is limited information available on the effect of implant surfaces on integrin expression in soft tissues. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine integrin expression for gingival fibroblasts on titanium surfaces and the influence of titanium surface roughness on integrin expression and cell morphology.Methods: Human gingival fibroblasts were cultured on smooth (polished) and rough (sand‐blasted acid‐etched) titanium surfaces and a cell culture plastic (control) surface. To analyze integrin expression, total RNA was isolated from experimental and control cells, and levels of integrin subunit mRNA were assessed by reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) using primers specific for the α2, α4, α5, αv, and β1 integrin subunits and aldolase (internal control). PCR products were analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), confirmed via DNA sequencing, and quantified using computer‐assisted densitometry. The expression of the integrin subunits was analyzed at the protein level using flow cytometry, as well as fluorescence and confocal laser microscopy. Cell morphology was evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM).Results: Our experiments demonstrated cellular expression of the α2, α4, α5, αv, and β1 integrin subunits at both mRNA and protein levels on all surfaces. In addition, the α4 and β1 mRNA levels were significantly increased on smooth titanium relative to plastic surfaces (P <0.05) with intermediate mRNA levels found on the rough titanium surfaces. The smooth titanium surfaces exhibited a flat monolayer of cells, while rough titanium surfaces showed cells orienting themselves along surface irregularities.Conclusions: These results demonstrate the presence of multiple integrin subunits in human gingival fibroblasts grown in contact with titanium implant surfaces and that titanium surface roughness alters cellular morphology but appears to have limited effects on integrin expression. This study provides insight into the complicated cellular and molecular events occurring at the implant surface that may be critical to optimizing the soft tissue interactions with the soft tissue‐implant interface.
Oral Health Impacts on Daily Living Related to Four Different Treatment Protocols for Chronic Periodontitis
Authors: D'Avila Gustavo B. , Carvalho Lucia H. , Feres‐Filho Eduardo J. , Feres Magda , Leão Anna 
Published: October 2005

Background: The aims of this study were to evaluate the oral health impacts perceived by patients submitted to different treatments of chronic periodontitis and their association with clinical parameters.Methods: Sixty patients were assigned to one of the following therapeutic groups: control, treated with full‐mouth scaling and root planing (SRP); test 1, treated with SRP and 400 mg systemically administered metronidazole (MET) three times per day for 10 days; test 2, treated with SRP and professional supragingival plaque removal (PP) every week for 3 months; and test 3, treated with SRP and MET plus PP. Clinical periodontal measurements and data regarding patients' oral health impacts (perceived impacts on bleeding gums, gingival recession, sensitivity to cold, packing foods, aesthetics, bad breath, and tooth mobility) were collected at baseline and 3 months after therapy.Results: All groups presented significant improvement in oral health perceived impacts. There was no statistically significant difference in the improvement of oral health impacts among groups subjected to different treatments. The clinical data of percentage of deep probing depth, deep clinical attachment level, and bleeding on probing were found to be correlated significantly with oral health impacts.Conclusions: Periodontal treatment leads to a significant reduction of self‐perceived impacts regardless of the non‐surgical treatment protocol employed. Most of the clinical data were associated with oral health impacts.
A Comparison of Three Techniques to Obtain Root Coverage on Mandibular Incisors
Authors: Harris Randall J. , Miller Laura Harris , Harris Christopher R. , Miller Richard J. 
Published: October 2005

Background: Multiple variations on the subepithelial connective tissue graft have been shown to produce good clinical results. The goal of this study was to compare three variations in the treatment of recession on mandibular incisors.Methods: An a priori analysis was done to determine the sample size. Three groups of patients received root coverage procedures on mandibular incisors. Each group was treated with a different variation of a subepithelial graft. The first group received a connective tissue (CT) graft with a coronally positioned flap (CPF) (CPF + CT). The second group received a connective tissue graft with a double pedicle (DP) graft (DP + CT). The third group received a connective tissue graft with a tunneling (TUN) procedure and a laterally positioned (LAT) pedicle (TUN‐LAT + CT). The clinical results of these procedures were compared to determine if one procedure offered an advantage over the other procedures.Results: All of the procedures produced a statistically significant improvement in the clinical parameters. The groups treated with the DP + CT and TUN‐LAT + CT had greater mean root coverage (95.5% and 90.5%, respectively) than the CPF + CT group (80.2%). Additionally, DP + CT produced a greater increase in keratinized tissue (3 mm) than CPF + CT (1.4 mm) or TUN‐LAT + CT (1.9 mm). There was no statistically significant difference in the mean root coverage of any technique treating defects <3 mm deep (CPF + CT, 90.9%; DP + CT, 96.4%; and TUN‐LAT + CT, 92.1%) or the defects >3 mm deep treated with DP + CT (95.4%) or TUN‐LAT + CT (88.3%). However, the CPF + CT produced less mean root coverage (68.4%) when treating defects ≥3 mm deep. When defects treated as isolated defects were compared to cases where multiple defects were treated, the cases with multiple defects treated with the CPF + CT had less mean root coverage (77%) than cases where single defects were treated with the CPF + CT (90.3%), DP + CT (isolated, 96.7% and multiple, 95.6%), and TUN‐LAT + CT (isolated, 97.2% and multiple, 87.8%).Conclusions: All three of the procedures were effective in obtaining root coverage and improved clinical parameters on mandibular incisors. Overall, the DP + CT and TUN‐LAT + CT procedures had greater mean root coverage than the CPF + CT technique. Based on this study, when treating defects ≥3 mm deep, one should consider using the DP + CT or TUN‐LAT + CT rather than the CPF + CT. Additionally, when treating multiple defects at a time, one should consider using the DP + CT or TUN‐LAT + CT rather than the CPF + CT. In cases where an increased amount of keratinized tissue is desired, based on this study, the DP + CT may be the best procedure to use.
The Effect of Platelet‐Rich Plasma on the Coronally Advanced Flap Root Coverage Procedure: A Pilot Human Trial
Authors: Huang Lien‐Hui , Neiva Rodrigo E.F. , Soehren Stephen E. , Giannobile William V. , Wang Hom‐Lay 
Published: October 2005

Background: Coronally advanced flap (CAF) has been shown to effectively treat gingival recession. Platelet‐rich plasma (PRP), containing autologous growth factors, has been shown to promote soft tissue healing. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of PRP in combination with CAF.Methods: Twenty‐four systemically healthy patients participated in this study. A single Miller's Class I buccal recession defect per patient was treated. These patients were randomly assigned into CAF or PRP + CAF groups. Clinical parameters included recession depth (RD), recession width (RW), gingival thickness (GT), width of keratinized tissue (WKT), clinical attachment level (CAL), probing depth (PD), plaque index (PI), wound healing index (WHI), and gingival index (GI). PRP was prepared from whole blood drawn prior to surgery and applied to root surfaces. Patients were followed at 2, 4, 12, and 24 weeks post‐surgery.Results: Twenty‐three patients completed the study. The RD at 24 weeks was significantly reduced from 2.9 ± 0.5 to 0.5 ± 0.6 mm in the CAF group (P <0.05) and from 2.8 ± 0.2 to 0.5 ± 0.7 mm in the PRP + CAF group (P <0.05). The mean root coverage was 83.5% ± 21.8% in the CAF group and 81.0% ± 28.7% in the CAF + PRP group (P >0.05). Fourteen out of 23 patients (60.9%) experienced 100% root coverage at the 24‐week postoperative follow‐up.Conclusion: Based on the results of this pilot study, the application of PRP in CAF root coverage procedure provides no clinically measurable enhancements on the final therapeutic outcomes of CAF in Miller's Class I recession defects.
Mental Disorder and Violent Victimization in a Total Birth Cohort
Authors: Silver Eric , Arseneault Louise , Langley John , Caspi Avshalom , Moffitt Terrie E. 
Published: October 2005

Objective. We examined the association between mental disorder and violent victimization in a general population sample. Methods. We performed a multivariate analysis of violent victimization in a 12-month period on a total birth cohort with follow-up data that assessed, during their 21st year, males and females born in Dunedin, New Zealand, in the early 1970s. Results. Compared with people with no mental disorder, (1) people with anxiety disorders experienced more sexual assaults, (2) people with schizophreniform disorders experienced more threatened and completed physical assaults, (3) people with alcohol dependence disorders experienced more completed physical assaults, and (4) people with marijuana dependence disorders experienced more attempted physical assaults. These results held after control for psychiatric comorbidity, demographic characteristics, and the study participants’ own violent behavior. Conclusion. Mentally disordered young adults tend to experience more violent victimization in the community than those without a mental disorder.
State and Metropolitan-Area Estimates of Disability in the United States, 2001
Authors: Okoro Catherine A. , Balluz Lina S. , Campbell Vincent A. , Holt James B. , Mokdad Ali H. 
Published: October 2005

Objectives. We sought to provide estimates of disability prevalence for states and metropolitan areas in the United States. Methods. We analyzed Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data from 2001 for all 50 states and the District of Columbia and 103 metropolitan areas. We performed stratified analyses by demographics for 20 metropolitan areas with the highest prevalence of disability. Results. State disability estimates ranged from 10.5% in Hawaii to 25.9% in Arizona. Metropolitan disability estimates ranged from 10.2% in Honolulu, Hawaii to 27.1% in Tucson, Ariz. Regional metropolitan medians for disability (range, 17.0–19.7%) were similar across the Northeast, Midwest, and South and were highest in the West. In the 20 metropolitan areas with the highest disability estimates, the prevalence of disability generally increased with age and was higher for women and those with a high-school education or less. Conclusions. State and metropolitan-area estimates may be used to guide state and local efforts to prevent, delay, or reduce disability and secondary conditions in persons with disabilities.
Incidence of Disability Among Preretirement Adults: The Impact of Depression
Authors: Dunlop Dorothy D. , Manheim Larry M. , Song Jing , Lyons John S. , Chang Rowland W. 
Published: October 2005

Objectives. We evaluated the effect of depression on risk, on the basis of standardized assessment, for developing activities of daily living (ADL) disability. Methods. Depression-related risk on 2-year ADL disability is estimated from 6871 participants in a population–based national sample aged 54–65 years and free of baseline ADL disability. We evaluated the effects of factors amenable to clinical and public health intervention that may explain the relationship between depression and incident disability. Results. The odds of ADL disability were 4.3 times greater for depressed adults than their non-depressed peers (95% confidence interval=3.1, 6.0). Among depressed adults, 18.7% of African Americans, 8.0% of Whites, and 7.8% of His-panics developed disability within 2 years. The attributable population fraction because of depression is 17.3% (95% confidence interval=11%, 24%). Concurrent health factors moderated depression-associated risk. Conclusions. Elevated risk of ADL disability onset because of depression, in a cohort whose medical costs will imminently be covered via Medicare, is attenuated by factors amenable to public health intervention. Prevention and/or public health/policy programs that lead to more accessible and effective mental health and medical care could reduce the development of ADL disability among depressed adults.
Accessibility of Health Clubs for People with Mobility Disabilities and Visual Impairments
Authors: Rimmer James H. , Riley Barth , Wang Edward , Rauworth Amy 
Published: October 2005

Objective. We sought to examine the accessibility of health clubs to persons with mobility disabilities and visual impairments. Methods. We assessed 35 health clubs and fitness facilities as part of a national field trial of a new instrument, Accessibility Instruments Measuring Fitness and Recreation Environments (AIMFREE), designed to assess accessibility of fitness facilities in the following domains: (1) built environment, (2) equipment, (3) swimming pools, (4) information, (5) facility policies, and (6) professional behavior. Results. All facilities had a low to moderate level of accessibility. Some of the deficiencies concerned specific Americans with Disabilities Act guidelines pertaining to the built environment, whereas other deficiency areas were related to aspects of the facilities’ equipment, information, policies, and professional staff. Conclusions. Persons with mobility disabilities and visual impairments have difficulty accessing various areas of fitness facilities and health clubs. AIMFREE is an important tool for increasing awareness of these accessibility barriers for people with disabilities.
Widening Social Inequalities in Risk for Sudden Infant Death Syndrome
Authors: Pickett Kate E. , Luo Ye , Lauderdale Diane S. 
Published: October 2005

Objectives: In 1994, the US Public Health Service launched the “Back to Sleep” campaign, promoting the supine sleep position to prevent sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Studies of SIDS in the United States have generally found socioeconomic and race disparities. Our objective was to see whether the “Back to Sleep” campaign, which involves an effective, easy, and free intervention, has reduced social class inequalities in SIDS. Methods: We conducted a population-based case-cohort study during 2 periods, 1989 to 1991 and 1996 to 1998, using the US Linked Birth/Infant Death Data Sets. Case group was infants who died of SIDS in infancy (N = 21 126); control group was a 10% random sample of infants who lived through the first year and all infants who died of other causes (N=2241218). Social class was measured by mother’s education level. Results: There was no evidence that inequalities in SIDS were reduced after the Back to Sleep campaign. In fact, odds ratios for SIDS associated with lower social class increased between 1989–1991 and 1996–1998. The race disparity in SIDS increased after the Back to Sleep campaign. Conclusions: The introduction of an inexpensive, easy, public health intervention has not reduced social inequalities in SIDS; in fact, the gap has widened. Although the risk of SIDS has been reduced for all social class groups, women who are more educated have experienced the greatest decline.
Kinetic parameters for step and flash imprint lithography photopolymerization
Authors: Dickey Michael D. , Willson C. Grant 
Published: October 2005

AbstractStep and Flash Imprint Lithography (SFIL) is a high‐resolution, yet low‐cost nanopatterning technique that employs an acrylate‐based, free‐radical photo‐polymerization to replicate a patterned template onto a substrate. Modeling the photo‐polymerization requires knowledge of the values of several reaction parameters, which are unique to the acrylate formulation used in SFIL. The values of these parameters were experimentally determined for use in a previously described kinetic model. The rate coefficient for initiation, kI, was determined by measuring the absorbance spectrum of the initiator, Darocur® 1173, and convolving it with the intensity spectrum from the irradiation source. The reaction coefficients kp and kt were measured using the dark polymerization method. The experimental values of both parameters were then mathematically modeled to reflect the changes that occur as a function of conversion. Measuring the kinetic parameters provides insight into the fundamental steps involved in the polymerization. © 2005 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2006
Association of the putative susceptibility gene, transient receptor potential protein melastatin type 2, with bipolar disorder
Authors: Xu Chun , Macciardi Fabio , Li Peter P. , Yoon Il‐Sang , Cooke Robert G. , Hughes Bronwen , Parikh Sagar V. , McIntyre Roger S. , Kennedy James L. , Warsh Jerry J. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractDisturbed intracellular calcium (Ca2+) homeostasis has been implicated in bipolar disorder (BD). Reduced mRNA levels of the transient receptor potential Ca2+ permeable channel melastatin type 2, TRPM2, in B lymphoblast cell lines (BLCL) from bipolar I disorder (BD‐I) patients showing elevated basal intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]B), an index of altered intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis, along with its location within a putative BD susceptibility locus (21q22.3), implicates the involvement of this gene in the Ca2+ abnormalities and the genetic diathesis to BD. We tested this hypothesis by examining the association of selected single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and their haplotypes, spanning the TRPM2 gene, with BD and BLCL [Ca2+]B, in a case control design. The 5′ TaqMan SNP assay was used to detect selected SNPs. BLCL [Ca2+]B was determined by ratiometric fluorometry. SNP rs1618355 in intron 18 was significantly associated with BD as a whole (P < 7.0 × 10−5; odds ratio (OR) = 2.60), and when stratified into BD‐I (P < 7.0 × 10−5, OR = 2.48) and BD‐II (P = 7.0 × 10−5, OR = 2.88) subgroups. In addition, the alleles of the individual SNPs forming a seven marker at‐risk haplotype were in excess in BD (12.0% in BD vs. 0.9% in controls; P = 2.3 × 10−12). A weak relationship was also detected between BLCL [Ca2+]B and TRPM2 SNP rs1612472 in intron 19. These findings suggest genetic variants of the TRPM2 gene increase risk for BD and support the notion that TRPM2 may be involved in the pathophysiology of BD. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.