bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship between microfinance institutions' self‐sustainability and financing sources: Moderating role of external governance
Authors: Ahamad Shamsuddin , Islam Md. Aminul , Yusof Mohd Faizal bin , Al‐Jaifi Hamdan Amer , Ehigiamusoe Kizito Uyi 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe self‐sustainability of microfinance institutions (MFIs) is a growing concern as they work as non‐profit organizations to achieve global poverty reduction goals. This study aims to examine the MFIs' self‐sustainability using an efficiency measurement technique based on Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). It also determines the influence of different financing sources on MFIs' self‐sustainability as well as the moderating impact of external governance on this relationship. It uses the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) estimator to analyze the panel data from 661 MFIs in 86 countries during the 2010–2018 period. The DEA analysis reveals that MFIs are still in the intermediate stage of self‐sustainability in terms of technical and cost efficiency. The second‐stage regression results reveal that financing sources such as retained earnings and equity have a robust positive and statistically significant effect on the MFIs' self‐sustainability, implying that MFIs that rely more on these two sources are more likely to be self‐sustainable. The moderation analysis reveals that good governance accelerates the positive effect of financing sources on MFIs' efficiency. Given these empirical findings, MFIs' decision‐makers can benefit from considering their own funding and equity. Quality governance can be ensured by government agencies and regulatory bodies to support the MFIs' sustainability.
Investigating the potential of using reed (Phragmites) arrowshafts in prehistoric Europe through mechanical and experimental research
Authors: Cetwińska Aleksandra , Koczan Grzegorz Marcin , Sadło Maciej , Cetwiński Krzysztof , Skrzyński Grzegorz , Manasterski Dariusz 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe discovery of a specific form of Late Neolithic object in northeast Poland, commonly interpreted as reed arrowshaft straighteners, prompted investigation into the possible use of reed for archery in the European past. To examine the archery qualities of this raw material, and thus the likely rationale behind the manufacture and use of reed arrowshafts, a number of mechanical and experimental analyses were conducted. The results presented here indicate that reed was well suited for prehistoric archery. This is demonstrated above all by the arrowshaft stiffness required by this discipline, defined as the spine‐force, but also both the technological ease of production of arrows and their ballistic capabilities.
Conservative management in high‐grade renal trauma: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Prihadi Johannes Cansius , Hengky Antoninus , Lionardi Stevan Kristian 
Published: April 2024

ObjectiveTo systematically investigate and analyse the aggregated data from recent studies to provide a quantitative synthesis for a conservative approach to the management of high‐grade kidney trauma, as accumulating evidence supports the favourable outcomes of a conservative approach.MethodsA comprehensive search was performed using databases, including PubMed, EBSCO, ProQuest, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library, to identify studies relevant to high‐grade renal trauma in both adult and paediatric populations. The compare review focused on comparing conservative management interventions, such as observation, rest, resuscitation, transfusion, symptomatic management, and angioembolisation, with operative management interventions. Search strategies incorporated specific medical subject headings and keywords related to conservative management, kidney trauma, mortality, and renal preservation. Random and fixed‐effect meta‐analyses were conducted to estimate the rates of nephrectomy and mortality, respectively.ResultsA total of 36 and 29 studies were included for qualitative and quantitative synthesis, respectively. The aggregated data showed a cumulative risk difference of 0.52 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.38–0.66, P < 0.001), indicating a higher likelihood of nephrectomy in cases where operative management was used instead of conservative management. In terms of mortality, conservative management demonstrated a lower risk difference of 0.09 (95% CI 0.05–0.13, P < 0.001).ConclusionThe results indicate that opting for conservative management in cases of high‐grade renal trauma, particularly for haemodynamically stable patients, presents a lower risk of mortality and reduced probability of requiring nephrectomy when compared to operative management. These findings provide strong evidence in favour of considering conservative management as a viable and effective treatment option for high‐grade renal trauma.
Influence of scanning protocol on the accuracy of complete‐arch digital implant scans: An in vitro study
Authors: Hamilton Adam , Negreiros William Matthew , Jain Shruti , Finkelman Matthew , Gallucci German O. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis in‐vitro study assessed the influence of two intraoral scanning (IOS) protocols on the accuracy (trueness and precision) of digital scans performed in edentulous arches.MethodsTwenty‐two abutment‐level master casts of edentulous arches with at least four implants were scanned repeatedly five times, each with two different scanning protocols. Protocol A (IOS‐A) consisted of scanning the edentulous arch before inserting the implant scan bodies, followed by their insertion and its subsequent digital acquisition. Protocol B (IOS‐B) consisted of scanning the edentulous arch with the scan bodies inserted from the outset. A reference scan from each edentulous cast was obtained using a laboratory scanner. Trueness and precision were calculated using the spatial fit analysis, cross‐arch distance, and virtual Sheffield test. Statistical analysis was performed using generalized estimating equations (GEEs). Statistical significance was set at α = .05.ResultsIn the spatial fit test, the precision of average 3D distances was 45 μm (±23 μm) with protocol IOS‐A and 25 μm (±10 μm) for IOS‐B (p < .001), and the trueness of average 3D distances was 44 μm (±24 μm) with protocol IOS‐A and 24 μm (±7 μm) for IOS‐B (p < .001). Cross‐arch distance precision was 59 μm (±53 μm) for IOS‐A and 41 μm (±43 μm) for IOS‐B (p = .0035), and trueness was 64 μm (±47 μm) for IOS‐A and 50 μm (±40 μm) for IOS‐B (p = .0021). Virtual Sheffield precision was 286 μm (±198 μm) for IOS‐A and 146 μm (±92 μm) for IOS‐B (p < .001), and trueness was 228 μm (±171 μm) for IOS‐A and 139 μm (±92 μm) for IOS‐B (p < .001).ConclusionsThe IOS‐B protocol demonstrated significantly superior accuracy. Placement of scan bodies before scanning the edentulous arch is recommended to improve the accuracy of complete‐arch intraoral scanning.
Adverse shocks, vulnerability, and coping by rural households in Vietnam
Authors: Vo Thang T. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMotivationVulnerability to poverty derives from adverse shocks and adaptive capacity. To alleviate poverty, policy‐makers must understand sources of vulnerability, household coping strategies, and the effectiveness of current insurance. Vietnam is an important case due to the many hazards that rural households face and the inadequacy of social safety nets.PurposeThis article investigates the role of adverse shocks on vulnerability, coping strategies, and recovery of households in rural Vietnam.Approach and methodsUsing a unique panel data set from Vietnam Access to Resources Household Surveys (VARHSs) during 2008–2016, I first estimate and deconstruct sources of vulnerability. To examine household behaviour when coping with adverse shocks, I use a multivariate probit model; to investigate whether coping strategies help households recover from shocks, I use a multinominal probit model. Finally, I evaluate the effectiveness of existing risk‐management mechanisms.FindingsThe average rural household in Vietnam experiences a 72% decrease in utility due to shocks. Idiosyncratic shocks contribute 32% of the loss. Rural households are highly dependent on informal coping, such as reducing food consumption, withdrawing savings, taking children out of school or selling capital assets. Household savings allow the wealthiest households to recover; but for low‐income households, consumption has to be cut, which depletes human capital development and prevents recovery.Policy implicationsRural Vietnamese need more public support to cope with and recover from shocks. Because idiosyncratic shocks hit households hard, public support should focus on alleviating their impacts. Expanding health insurance to all rural households should be a priority.Households suffer less in areas with higher levels of economic development, so economic growth is a defence against shocks. More roads and links to towns and more irrigation would help.
Low‐field magnetic resonance imaging of sagittal groove disease of the proximal phalanx in non‐racing sport horses
Authors: Faulkner Josephine E. , Joostens Zoë , Broeckx Bart J. G. , Hauspie Stijn , Mariën Tom , Vanderperren Katrien 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundInjuries of the sagittal groove of the proximal phalanx (P1) in equine athletes are considered to predominantly occur due to chronic bone stress overload.ObjectivesTo describe the range of abnormalities that is present in the sagittal groove in a large group of horses diagnosed with sagittal groove disease (SGD) on low‐field MRI.Study DesignRetrospective, cross‐sectional.MethodsMedical records were searched to identify initial MRI images of horses diagnosed with SGD and these were blindly evaluated using a semi‐quantitative grading scheme and novel SGD MRI classification system reflecting potential pathways of pathological progression and severity of stress injury.ResultsA total of 132 limbs from 111 horses were included in the study; predominantly warmbloods competing in showjumping (n = 83) and dressage (n = 18). SGD MRI classifications were: 0 (normal, n = 0), 1 (small subchondral defect, n = 2), 2 (osseous densification, n = 28), 3 (subchondral microfissure with osseous densification, n = 7), 4 (bone oedema‐like signal within the subchondral ± trabecular bone and ± subchondral microfissure or demineralisation, n = 72), 5 (incomplete macrofissure/fracture, n = 23) and 6 (complete fracture, n = 0). Classification 4c (bone oedema‐like signal with demineralisation) and 5 had higher proportions in the plantar third of hindlimbs (3% and 10%, respectively) compared with forelimbs (0% and 0%, respectively). SGD classification and extent of bone oedema‐like signal were not significantly different between lame (n = 116) and non‐lame limbs (n = 16) (both p > 0.05). Periosteal new bone and oedema‐like signal were identified (either confidently or suspected) at the dorsoproximal aspect of P1 in 25% and 39% of limbs, respectively.Main LimitationsInclusion via diagnoses in original MRI reports, variable clinical history, small size of some classification groups.ConclusionsThe presence or absence of lameness is not a dependable measure of the severity of SGD. The periosteal oedema‐like signal of P1 has not previously been described in MRI of SGD and further supports the concept of bone stress injury.
Silencing or silent transmission? An exploratory study on trauma communication in Kurdish refugee families
Authors: Kevers Ruth , de Smet Sofie , Rober Peter , Rousseau Cécile , De Haene Lucia 
Published: April 2024

AbstractTrauma communication in refugee families is increasingly recognized as an important relational dynamic influencing psychosocial well‐being, yet studies exploring interactional dynamics and meaning making at play in intra‐family trauma communication remain scarce. This article reports on a qualitative study with Kurdish refugee families including parents (N = 10) and children (N = 17) resettled in Belgium, aiming to explore practices on trauma communication within refugee family relationships. In a multiple‐phased qualitative design, semi‐structured family interviews and participant observation administered in the homes of the participant families are followed by parental interviews involving a tape‐assisted recall procedure to investigate observed intergenerational trauma communication and parent–child interactions. Data analysis shows parents and children seldom explicitly talked about the families' lived experiences of trauma. This silence was especially related to parental wishes to avoid their children's future involvement in violence. However, findings also indicate how the intra‐family transmission of memories of collective violence occurs in many subtle ways. Four modes of indirect trauma communication could be distinguished: (1) focusing on the repetition of violence in the present; (2) transmission of the collective trauma history; (3) family storytelling; and (4) interaction with meaningful objects of the past. These findings shed light onto the interwoven nature of personal–familial and collective trauma and loss and illuminate the meanings of silence and disclosure in the context of the Kurdish diaspora. In the final section, we discuss our findings and outline its clinical implications for family therapeutic practices in refugee trauma care.
Advancements in stress‐based multiaxial fatigue prediction: A data‐driven approach and a new criterion
Authors: Böhme Stephan André , Papuga Jan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractA highly accurate iteration of the Liu & Zenner multiaxial fatigue criterion is presented and validated against the FatLim dataset. The proposed criterion modifies the mean stress parameters of the original criterion while keeping the amplitude parameters unchanged. The investigation of the best‐performing stress amplitude parameters revealed that existing multiaxial fatigue criteria that rely on dimensional weight parameters exhibit a notable prediction bias. This bias leads to inaccurate fatigue assessments. The paper sheds light on the extent of this bias and its implications for common engineering practices. By introducing the refined criterion, the study addresses these limitations and provides a more reliable framework for multiaxial fatigue analysis. The comprehensive validation against the FatLim dataset demonstrates the superiority of the proposed criterion in accurately predicting fatigue behavior under diverse loading conditions. The findings underscore the significance of considering both amplitude and mean stress parameters in multiaxial fatigue criteria, offering valuable insights for enhancing the accuracy of fatigue assessments in engineering applications.
Learning from survivors: Reporting parties' perspectives on how higher education institutions should address gender‐based violence and harassment
Authors: Bull Anna 
Published: April 2024

AbstractTackling gender‐based violence and harassment (GBVH) is an essential step for addressing gender inequality. This article applies theories of student/survivor ‘voice’ to accounts from interviewees (n = 35), analysing their perspectives on how higher education institutions (HEIs) should address this issue. Interviewees were current or former students in the United Kingdom who had disclosed or reported GBVH to their HEIs. The most urgent step that interviewees called for is open discussion of GBVH and how HEIs are handling it. They also want more education, prevention and early intervention, and changes in how reports are handled. These findings are contextualised within a critical discussion of how reporting parties' voices are, or could be, heard within higher education. It argues that institutional mechanisms for hearing survivors' voice in relation to GBVH may need to differ from approaches for engaging with students on other issues, most notably by taking into account how power relations shape voices.
Characterization of serpentinization in olivine‐orthopyroxene‐H2O system revealed by thermogravimetric and multivariate statistical analyses
Authors: Okamoto Atsushi , Tanaka Shuhei , Uno Masaoki , Dandar Otgonbayar , Yoshida Kazuki 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThermogravimetric (TG) analyses were used to characterize the products and quantify the extent of serpentinization as a stepwise weight loss during heating (TG loss) or its derivative (DTG). Multivariate analyses are powerful tools for extracting information from complicated spectrum data; however, no studies have applied them to characterize serpentinites. In this study, hydrothermal experiments of olivine‐H2O, olivine–orthopyroxene‐H2O and orthopyroxene‐H2O were conducted at 250–400°C and under vapor‐saturated pressure. The product minerals observed were serpentine+brucite+magnetite in the olivine‐H2O experiments and serpentine±talc in the orthoyroxene‐H2O and olivine‐orthopyroxene‐H2O experiments. These results are consistent with those of previous studies; however, the positions and width of DTG peaks for individual minerals were varied depending on the experimental conditions. To extract systematics from the TG spectra, non‐negative matrix factorization (NMF), an unsupervised machine learning technique, was applied to the DTG spectra of the experimental products. NMF revealed that the DTG profiles were explained by a linear combination of six basis spectra, which corresponded to the characteristic products, including three types of serpentine minerals (low‐, medium‐, and high‐T), two types of brucite (low‐and high‐T), two type of talc (talc+serpentine mixture, well‐crystallized talc) with different crystallinity, and noise during the TG measurement. Systematic changes in the factor loading revealed that, in the olivine‐H2O systems, the products changed from medium‐T serpentine+low‐T brucite to high‐T serpentine+high‐T brucite as serpentinization progressed. In the olivine‐orthopyroxene system, low‐T serpentine or poorly crystallized talc+serpentine mixture was initially formed, followed by the formation of well‐crystallized talc, resulting in dehydration. Applying NMF to DTG showed the mineralogical differences between olivine and orthopyroxene systems and increases of the crystallinity during the progress of serpentinization, suggesting its potential for characterizing various serpentinites within oceanic lithospheres that suffer from several stages of alteration and weathering at different temperatures.
Towards a taxonomy for assessing and classifying the needs of curly hair: A mixed method, ethnographic and quantitative data study
Authors: Daniels Gabriela , Heitmayer Maxi 
Published: April 2024

AbstractHair defined as curly has an elliptical cross sectional area and unique 3D form. While the chemical, morphological and mechanical characteristics of such hair are being explored using a range of analytical techniques, hair assembly (head of hair) characteristics and individual behaviour are difficult to determine via tress‐based instrumental and sensory testing. Since the demand for more efficacious and personalized products is expected to gain pace, this project sets the groundwork for developing a taxonomy for exploring and classifying curly hair needs from an individual's perspective. A mixed‐method exploratory sequential design was used to gather information from people with curly hair starting with a novel in the field of cosmetics qualitative research method, Subjective Evidence‐Based Ethnography (SEBE) (n = 14) and followed by an online survey (n = 212). The SEBE data analysis identified four common hair goals (aesthetic, haptic, practical and emotive) and a group of perceptions related to hair management routines. The survey explored the relationship of these hair goals with hair perceptions, hair esteem, hair characteristics and demographic variables. The findings suggest that hair goals and perceptions are stronger predictors of hair esteem than other characteristics such as hair length or curl type. Hence, a taxonomy for classifying curly hair should facilitate the development of more appropriate products, and product testing methods should incorporate such personal information in addition to objective fibre and hair assembly data. The focus of this study is on curly hair due to the lack of established methods for its objective evaluation and the personal challenges faced by people with curly and textured hair; however, the approach could be adopted to include straighter hair types.
Enhanced phenolic content and antioxidant activity of broad bean natto following simulated in vitro digestion
Authors: Zhao YueHong , Yang XiJuan , Liu Yu , Wu Jing , Zhang Jie , Dang Bin 
Published: April 2024

SummaryBroad bean can be processed into various forms such as steamed broad beans (SBB) and broad bean natto (BBN), with potential variations in their nutritional profiles upon digestion. This study aimed to explore the differences in phenolic content, composition, and antioxidant activity between SBB and BBN during simulated in vitro digestion. Findings demonstrated that BBN exhibited a significant surge in total phenolic and flavonoid contents post‐gastrointestinal digestion compared to SBB. UHPLC‐MS/MS analyses identified major phenolic compounds in BBN including protocatechuic acid and p‐hydroxybenzoic acid and key flavonoids like luteolin and catechins. P‐hydroxybenzoic acid and catechins underwent significant changes throughout the digestion. Furthermore, BBN's antioxidant activity was higher than that of SBB after digestion, with superior DPPH, ABTS +· scavenging abilities, and FRAP reducing power. A correlation emerged between antioxidant activity and phenolic contents, notably with p‐hydroxybenzoic and benzoic acids. BBN's digestive stage exhibited superior polyphenol release and antioxidant capacity than SBB, offering insights into polyphenol‐rich food consumption.
Women's empowerment and tourism: Emerging determinants of poverty in low and middle‐income countries
Authors: Zafar Mahwish , Bashir Muhammad Farhan , Bukhari Azaz Ali Ather 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis study examines the impact of women's empowerment and tourism on poverty in the developing economies of South Asia, sub‐Saharan Africa and Latin America. Current study formulates a vector autoregression (VAR) model to estimate the long‐run association between emerging determinants of poverty reduction. Our empirical findings show that tourism and women's empowerment have significant and negative long‐term associations with poverty in South Asia, Latin America and Africa. Moreover, this study found that women's empowerment is relatively more important in poverty reduction than tourism in South Asia and Africa, whereas in Latin America, tourism has a relatively greater contribution to poverty. Similarly, the results of the vector error‐correction (VECM) Granger Causality/Block Exogeneity Wald test indicated unidirectional causality between women's empowerment and poverty, tourism and poverty in South Asia. Similarly, unidirectional causality exists between women's empowerment and poverty in Latin America and Africa. Our econometric discussion helps suggest policy suggestions to overcome the challenges of poverty in developing economies.