bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Global One Health post-graduate programmes: a review
Authors: Adeyemi Olayide Abraham , Agbabiaka Tariq Oluwakunmi , Sujon Hasnat 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
The One Health (OH) approach recognises that humans, animals, plants, and the environment are interrelated, and therefore seeks to facilitate collaboration, communication, coordination, and capacity building between relevant stakeholders to achieve a healthier ecosystem. This calls for integrating OH into established governance, policy, health, education, and community structures, and requires OH professionals equipped with the necessary inter and trans-disciplinary skillset. Therefore, numerous OH training programmes are currently being offered globally. However, the coordination and contents of some of these trainings have been criticised as inconsistent and inadequately standardised, and therefore could serve as a barrier to OH implementation. In this study, an up-to-date repository of a subset of OH academic programmes offered globally was provided, and their curricula contents was critically assessed.

Methods
Between December 2022 and April 2023, an online search for key terms ‘ONE HEALTH MASTERS COURSES’, and ‘ONE HEALTH MASTERS PROGRAMMES’ together with variations of ‘AFRICA’, ‘NORTH AMERICA’, ‘ASIA’, ‘AUSTRALIA’, ‘EUROPE’, 'GLOBAL' was conducted. Details about course title, delivery mode, joint administration status, curricula contents, language of instruction, years to completion, host university, country, and continent were collected.

Results
Forty-three programmes met inclusion criteria of the study, and almost all (n = 36, 83.7%) were tailored towards infectious diseases and population/global health, compared to the environmental and conservation perspectives. Compiled curricula contents clustered into one of these 12 sub-headings: ‘principles and concepts of OH’, ‘epidemiology and biostatistics’, ‘major branches of OH’, ‘internship/externship/research project’, ‘infectious diseases, zoonoses, and surveillance’, ‘risk analysis and crises management’, ‘food safety, microbiology, immunology, and allied’, ‘communication’, ‘ethics’, ‘economics, policy, and management’ and ‘others. Of these, infectious disease themes were the most common. Regarding geography and organising institutions, North America and Europe, and veterinary institutions, respectively, were the most represented.

Conclusion
Despite the multi-level diversity observed, uniformity still exists across the programmes which favours interdisciplinary cross-talks. Future pedagogical studies that objectively assess the alignment of module contents with the OH core competencies and the impacts of these OH programmes is recommended. With this study, a critical information gap that has existed for long in the OH field has been bridged.
Complete hydatidiform mole with a coexisting twin live fetus (CHMTF): the uncommon diagnostic enigma—simplified
Authors: Sood Priyank , Gupta Jyoti , Tholia Rupesh 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Twin pregnancy comprising of a complete hydatidiform mole with a coexisting twin live fetus is an uncommon condition with an incidence rate of 1 in 20,000 to 1 in 100,000 pregnancies, more so in assisted reproductive technologies. The primary diagnosis is made on ultrasound and adjunct fetal MRI helps in unequivocally differentiating it from other disorder.

Case presentation
We present a case report of a twin pregnancy consisting of complete hydatidiform mole with a coexisting twin live fetus in a 27-year-old primigravida conception, primarily focusing on its diagnostic algorithm and related clinical aspects, adding to the paucity of existing literature.

Conclusions
Following the correct diagnostic algorithm with imaging studies like USG and more importantly MRI, combined with the bioclinical picture helps in reaching the accurate diagnosis.
Real-world derived weight-based levothyroxine doses to achieve optimal thyrotropin target in different degrees of autoimmune hypothyroidism
Authors: Elsherbiny Tamer Mohamed 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Purpose
All patients with overt and severe subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH), and some with mild SCH require levothyroxine (L-T4) therapy. The present study aims to report real-world derived weight-based L-T4 doses to achieve optimal–low normal–thyrotropin target in different degrees of autoimmune hypothyroidism.

Methods
This was a retrospective study of patients with autoimmune hypothyroidism. Inclusion criteria were consistent achievement of optimal TSH target (0.3 to 2.5 µIU/L) using a stable L-T4 dose for at least 6 months. Patients were classified into 4 groups: group 1; mild SCH, group 2; severe SCH, group 3; overt hypothyroidism, and group 4; hypothyroidism with unknown initial TSH and free T4. Weight-based L-T4 doses were calculated for each group.

Results
Eighty-seven, 95, 75, and 91 patients met the inclusion criteria for groups 1–4, respectively. Weight-based L-T4 dose was the lowest in group 1 (1 ± 0.25 µg/kg/day), was the highest in group 3 (1.4 ± 0.29 µg/kg/day), while in groups 2 (1.2 ± 0.26 µg/kg/day), and 4 (1.2 ± 0.31 µg/kg/day) were not statistically different from each other. There was a significant decrease in weight-based L-T4 dose with increasing body weight categories in groups 1 and 2, and a significant difference between those less than 60 or ≥ 60 years of age in group 3.

Conclusion
Real-world derived weight-based L-T4 doses to achieve optimal TSH target are 1, 1.2, and 1.4 µg/kg/day for patients with mild, severe SCH, and overt autoimmune hypothyroidism, respectively. Age and body weight subcategories can better fine-tune required doses.
Ancylostoma ceylanicum and other zoonotic canine hookworms: neglected public and animal health risks in the Asia–Pacific region
Authors: Tenorio Jan Clyden B. , Tabios Ian Kim B. , Inpankaew Tawin , Ybañez Adrian P. , Tiwananthagorn Saruda , Tangkawattana Sirikachorn , Suttiprapa Sutas 
Published: April 2024

AbstractZoonotic hookworm infections remain a significant public health problem, causing nearly 500 million cases globally and approximately four million disability-adjusted life years lost annually. More than one-fifth of these cases are attributed to Ancylostoma ceylanicum, an emerging zoonotic health issue in the Asia-Pacific region. This review presents key research gaps regarding the epidemiology, diagnosis, control, prevention and elimination of A. ceylanicum and other canine zoonotic hookworms as neglected health threats. A. ceylanicum is the second most prevalent human hookworm in the region; it is the most common hookworm among dogs and cats-reservoirs of zoonotic infections. Previous population genetic and phylogenetic analyses revealed that A. ceylanicum has three possible transmission dynamics: zoonotic, animal-only, and human-only pathways. The actual burden of zoonotic ancylostomiasis in most endemic countries remains unknown due to the use of parasitological techniques (e.g., Kato-Katz thick smear and floatation techniques) that have reduced diagnostic performance and do not allow accurate species identification in helminth surveys. The emergence of benzimidazole resistance in soil-transmitted helminths (STHs), including hookworms, is a concern due to the protracted implementation of mass drug administration (MDA). Resistance is conferred by single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that occur in the β-tubulin isotype 1 gene. These mutations have been reported in drug-resistant A. caninum but have not been found in A. ceylanicum in the field. A. ceylanicum remains understudied in the Asia-Pacific region. The zoonotic nature of the parasite warrants investigation of its occurrence in human and animal reservoir hosts to understand the dynamics of zoonotic transmission in different endemic foci. The detection of benzimidazole resistance-associated SNPs in zoonotic hookworms from Asia-Pacific countries has yet to be thoroughly explored. Considering the high level of hookworm endemicity in the region, the circulation of resistant isolates between humans and animals potentially presents a significant One Health threat that can undermine current MDA and proposed animal deworming-based control efforts.
From Knee Pain Consultation to Pituitary Surgery: The Challenge of Cushing Disease Diagnosis
Authors: Gómez-Gutiérrez Maria Alejandra , Huertas-Cañas Juan Miguel , Bedoya-Ossa Andrés 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Cushing syndrome (CS) is a rare endocrinological disorder resulting from chronic exposure to excessive cortisol. The term Cushing disease is used specifically when this is caused by excessive secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) by a pituitary tumor, usually an adenoma. This disease is associated with a poor prognosis, and if left untreated, it has an estimated 5-year survival rate of 50%. We present the case of a 66-year-old female patient who received a referral to endocrinology for an evaluation of obesity due to right knee arthropathy. Taking into consideration her age, she was screened for osteoporosis, with results that showed diminished bone density. Considering this, combined with other clinical features of the patient, suspicion turned toward hypercortisolism. Laboratory findings suggested that the CS was ACTH-dependent and originated in the pituitary gland. After a second look at the magnetic resonance imaging results, a 4-mm lesion was identified on the pituitary gland, prompting a transsphenoidal resection of the pituitary adenoma.
Resolution of Extensive Xanthomas Associated With Severe Hypertriglyceridemia via Modified Therapeutic Plasma Exchange
Authors: Aljabri Bandari , Saber Wafa , Alzahrani Saud , Dada Ashraf 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Severe hypertriglyceridemia can be manifested by xanthomas. Therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) is an invasive medical procedure that has been documented as a viable approach for severe hypertriglyceridemia when cases would be refractory to conventional therapies. TPE is mainly an optional therapeutic modality for cases of severe acute pancreatitis or preventing the recurrence of pancreatitis. Beyond this clinical application, data are scarce on TPE utilization in managing cutaneous lesions associated with hypertriglyceridemia. We present a case of severe hypertriglyceridemia accompanied by extensive xanthomas of various types and a history of recurrent pancreatitis. After conventional therapy failed, a modified plasmapheresis regimen was used and was able to achieve a fast and marked reduction in the patient’s serum triglyceride levels with complete resolution of the extensive cutaneous lesions, providing him a newfound comfort he had not experienced in some time and suggesting the regimen potentially could be considered in the treatment of refractory severe hypertriglyceridemia with debilitating cutaneous complications.
How Accurate Is Frameless Fiducial—Free Deep Brain Stimulation?
Authors: Picciano Canio Pietro , Mantovani Paolo , Rosetti Vittoria , Giannini Giulia , Pegoli Marianna , Castioni Carlo Alberto , Cani Ilaria , Baldelli Luca , Cortelli Pietro , Conti Alfredo 
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Frameless deep brain stimulation (DBS) offers advantages in terms of patient comfort and reduced operative time. However, the need for bony fiducial markers for localization remains a drawback due to the time-consuming and uncomfortable procedure. An alternative localization method involves the direct tracking of an intraoperative 3-dimensional scanner. This study aims to assess the accuracy of the NexFrame frameless DBS system in conjunction with the O-Arm (Medtronic Inc.), both with and without fiducial markers.

METHODS:
The locations of 100 DBS leads were determined, with 50 cases using fiducial-free localization and 50 involving fiducial markers. The coordinates were compared with the expected intraoperative targets. Absolute errors in the X, Y, and Z coordinates (ΔX, ΔY, and ΔZ) were calculated, along with the vector error (Euclidean) (vector error

).

RESULTS:
The vector error averaged 1.61 ± 0.49 mm (right) and 1.52 ± 0.60 mm (left) for the group without fiducial bone markers and 1.66 ± 0.69 (right) and 1.44 ± 0.65 mm (left) for the other cohort (P = .76 right; P = .67 left). Absolute errors in the X, Y, and Z coordinates for the fiducial-free group were 0.88 ± 0.55, 0.79 ± 0.45, and 0.79 ± 0.57 mm (right) and 0.72 ± 0.37, 0.78 ± 0.56, and 0.77 ± 0.71 mm (left). For the group with fiducial markers, these errors were 0.87 ± 0.72, 0.92 ± 0.39, and 0.86 ± 0.50 mm (right) and 0.75 ± 0.33, 0.80 ± 0.51, and 0.73 ± 0.64 mm (left) with no statistically significant difference.

CONCLUSION:
Our analysis of the accuracy of NexFrame DBS, both with and without fiducial markers, using an intraoperative navigable cone-beam computed tomography, demonstrates that both techniques provide sufficient and equivalent 3-dimensional accuracy.
Sex Differences in Track and Field Elite Youth
Authors: ATKINSON MIRA A. , JAMES JESSICA J. , QUINN MEAGAN E. , SENEFELD JONATHON W. , HUNTER SANDRA K. 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACTPurposeTo understand athletic performance before and after puberty, this study determined 1) the age at which the sex difference increases among elite youth track and field athletes for running and jumping events, and 2) whether there is a sex difference in performance before ages associated with puberty among elite youth athletes.MethodsTrack and field records of elite US male and female youth (7–18 yr) across 3 yr (2019, 2021, and 2022) were collected from an online database (athletic.net). The top 50 performances were recorded for 100-, 200-, 400-, and 800-m track running, long jump, and high jump.ResultsMales ran faster than females at every age in the 100, 200, 400 and 800 m (P <0.001). When combining all running events, the sex difference (%) was 4.0% ± 1.7% between 7 and 12 yr and increased to 6.3% ± 1.1% at 13 yr and 12.6% ± 1.8% at 18 yr (P< 0.001). Similarly, males jumped higher and farther than females at every age (P< 0.001). For long jump, the sex difference was 6.8% ± 2.8% between 7 and 12 yr, increasing to 8.5% ± 1.7% at 13 yr and 22.7% ± 1.4% at 18 yr (P< 0.001). For high jump, the sex difference was 5.3% ± 5.2% between 7 and 12 yr, increasing to 12.4% ± 2.9% at 15 yr and 18.4% ± 2.04% at 18 yr (P< 0.001).ConclusionsBefore 12 yr of age in elite youth track and field athletes, there was a consistent and significant sex difference of ~5%, such that males ran faster and jumped higher and farther than females. The magnitude of the sex difference in performance increased markedly at 12–13 yr for running and long jump and 14 yr for high jump and thus was more pronounced after ages associated with puberty.
Previous Exercise Levels and Outcome in Patients with New Atrial Fibrillation: “Past Achievements Do Not Predict the Future”
Authors: LENTING CHARLOTTE J. , WIJTVLIET E. P. J. PETRA , KOLDENHOF TIM , BESSEM BRAM , PLUYMAEKERS NIKKI A. H. A. , RIENSTRA MICHIEL , FOLKERINGA RICHARD J. , BRONZWAER PATRICK , ELVAN ARIF , ELDERS JAN , TUKKIE RAYMOND , LUERMANS JUSTIN G. L. M. , VAN KUIJK SANDER M. J. , TIJSSEN JAN G. P. , VAN GELDER ISABELLE C. , CRIJNS HARRY J. G. M. , TIELEMAN ROBERT G. 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Long-term endurance exercise is suspect to elevate the risk of atrial fibrillation (AF), but little is known about cardiovascular outcome and disease progression in this subgroup of AF patients. We investigated whether previous exercise level determines cardiovascular outcome.

Methods
In this post hoc analysis of the RACE 4 randomized trial, we analyzed all patients with a completed questionnaire on sports participation. Three subgroups were made based on lifetime sports hours up to randomization and previous compliance to the international physical activity guidelines. High lifetime hours of high dynamic activity patients were defined as more than 150 min·wk−1 of high-intensity physical exercise. The primary endpoint was a composite of cardiovascular death and hospital admissions.

Results
A total of 879 patients were analyzed, divided in 203 high lifetime hours of high dynamic activity, 192 high lifetime hours of activity, and 484 low lifetime hours of activity patients. Over a mean follow-up of 36 months (±14), the primary endpoint occurred in 61 out of 203 (30%) high lifetime hours of high dynamic activity, 53 out of 192 (27%) high lifetime hours of activity, and 135 out of 484 (28%) low lifetime hours of activity patients (P = 0.74). During follow-up, 42 high lifetime hours of high dynamic activity (35%), 43 high lifetime hours of activity (32%), and 104 low lifetime hours of activity patients (34%) with paroxysmal AF received electrical or chemical cardioversion or atrial ablation (P = 0.90).

Conclusions
In patients included in the RACE 4, there seems to be no relation between previous activity levels and cardiovascular outcome and the need for electrical or chemical cardioversion or atrial ablation. Cardiovascular outcome was driven by AF-related arrhythmic events.
Carbohydrate Ingestion Increases Interstitial Glucose and Mitigates Neuromuscular Fatigue During Single-Leg Knee Extensions
Authors: Elghobashy Mohamed E. , Richards Andrew J. , Malekzadeh Rohin , Patel Disha , Turner Lauren V. , Burr Jamie F. , Power Geoffrey A. , Laham Robert , Riddell Michael C. , Cheng Arthur J. 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction
We aimed to investigate the neuromuscular contributions to enhanced fatigue resistance with carbohydrate ingestion, and to identify whether fatigue is associated with changes in interstitial glucose levels assessed using a continuous glucose monitor (CGM).

Methods
Twelve healthy participants (6 males, 6 females) performed isokinetic single-leg knee extensions (90°/s) at 20% of the maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) torque until MVC torque reached 60% of its initial value (i.e, task failure). Central and peripheral fatigue were evaluated every 15 min during the fatigue task using the interpolated twitch technique (ITT), and electrically evoked torque. Using a single-blinded cross-over design, participants ingested carbohydrates (CHO) (85 g sucrose/h), or a placebo (PLA), at regular intervals during the fatigue task. Minute-by-minute interstitial glucose levels measured via CGM, and whole blood glucose readings were obtained intermittently during the fatiguing task.

Results
CHO ingestion increased time to task failure over PLA (113 ± 69 vs. 81 ± 49 min; mean ± SD; p < 0.001) and was associated with higher glycemia as measured by CGM (106 ± 18 vs 88 ± 10 mg/dL, p < 0.001) and whole blood glucose sampling (104 ± 17 vs 89 ± 10 mg/dL, p < 0.001). When assessing the values in the CHO condition at a similar timepoint to those at task failure in the PLA condition (i.e., ~81 min), MVC torque, % voluntary activation, and 10 Hz torque were all better preserved in the CHO vs. PLA condition (p < 0.05).

Conclusions
Exogenous CHO intake mitigates neuromuscular fatigue at both the central and peripheral levels by raising glucose concentrations rather than by preventing hypoglycemia.
Decisive Factors for a Physically Active School Day in Denmark—A Multi-Stakeholder Delphi Process
Authors: Nielsen Jacob Have , Hansen Torben Aaes 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction
In 2014, the Danish Educational Act introduced daily physical activity (PA) as a part of a varied and physically active school day (PASD) to promote health and support motivation and learning. Implementation of PASD in Denmark has been slow, and schools meeting the legal requirement have decreased since 2017. Schools are complex systems with many stakeholders and different functions; however, evaluation of PASD often focuses on one group. This study aimed to identify the most important factors to succeed in implementing PASD as part of a varied school day in Danish schools through dialogue between stakeholders from all parts of the school system.

Methods
Stakeholders (n = 57) from all parts of the Danish school system participated in a Delphi study. Based on 449 inputs from practitioners, experts, and a literature review, 169 factors were identified. In two online surveys, stakeholders rated and prioritized factors within 12 themes related to the school system. This resulted in 136 factors which qualified as important for further discussion at two workshops where stakeholders prioritized factors within each theme through dialogue and experience exchange across the system.

Results
The panel identified 36 decisive factors for implementing PASD across all 12 themes representing the whole school system. Central themes included a common understanding of PA in PASD that aligns with teachers’ professional purposes. Also, leadership ensuring continuous evaluation and prioritizing time and resources to develop competencies and collegiate support was highlighted, along with a PASD culture where teachers and students feel competent and comfortable engaging in PA.

Conclusion
School systems are complex, and decisive factors related to all parts of a system indicate that they are interrelated, and all must be engaged to support the success of a PASD culture. The present findings can inform future actions for all stakeholders.
Pupil Voices: Review of Factors Influencing Pupil Participation in Primary School Physical Activity
Authors: Martin Rosemarie 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Context
Because the purpose of school-based physical activity (PA) interventions is to improve academic and/or health-related outcomes for children, their views must be considered for such programs to be successful. To inform the development of acceptable initiatives, a need exists to examine and synthesize pupil perspectives.

Objective
This review explores what is known about primary-aged pupils’ perspectives on school-based PA and qualitatively synthesizes the factors that influence pupil participation.

Design
This rapid qualitative review was conducted systematically and followed the Enhancing Transparency in Reporting the Synthesis of Qualitative Research (ENTREQ) guidelines.

Eligibility Criteria
Peer-reviewed articles published in the English language between January 2013 and April 2023 that reported qualitative data on primary school pupil participation in school-based PA were included.

Study Selection
Databases searched were Medline (Web of Science), ERIC (Education Collection-ProQuest), and EBSCO (Academic Search Complete, Education Source, ERIC, APA PsycArticles, APA PsycInfo, SportDiscus, CINAHL complete, Medline Full Text, Humanities Source Ultimate). Twenty-one articles that included qualitative evaluations of pupil participation in school-based PA from the pupil perspective were included.

Main Outcome Measures
The main outcome measured was pupil perceptions of factors that influence their participation in school-based PA.

Results
Ten themes emerged from the pupil data. The most prevalent was fun and enjoyment, followed by perceived health benefits, social interaction, and perceived academic benefits. Autonomy, appropriate level of challenge, perceived motor competence, school culture and environment, outdoor play, and influence of teachers were also identified.

Conclusion
To promote participation in PA, schools must support autonomy with developmentally appropriate equipment and space to facilitate physically active games. Positive and encouraging adults must maintain socially safe environments where pupils can be active with their friends. Physical education must be highly regarded, and pupils should have multiple opportunities to engage in PA throughout the school day.