bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distribution of Lectin‐Bindings in the Testis of the Lesser Mouse Deer, Tragulus javanicus
Authors: Agungpriyono S. , Kurohmaru M. , Kimura J. , Wahid A. H. , Sasaki M. , Kitamura N. , Yamada J. , Fukuta K. , Zuki A. B. 
Published: February 2009

SummaryThe distribution of lectin bindings in the testis of the smallest ruminant, lesser mouse deer (Tragulus javanicus), was studied using 12 biotinylated lectins specific for d‐galactose (peanut agglutinin PNA, Ricinus communis agglutinin RCA I), N‐acetyl‐d‐galactosamine (Dolichos biflorus agglutinin DBA, Vicia villosa agglutinin VVA, Soybean agglutinin SBA), N‐acetyl‐d‐glucosamine and sialic acid (wheat germ agglutinin WGA, s‐WGA), d‐mannose and d‐glucose (Lens culinaris agglutinin LCA, Pisum sativum agglutinin PSA, Concanavalin A Con A), l‐fucose (Ulex europaeus agglutinin UEA I), and oligosaccharide (Phaseolus vulgaris agglutinin PHA‐E) sugar residues. In Golgi‐, cap‐, and acrosome‐phase spermatids, lectin‐bindings were found in the acrosome (PNA, RCA I, VVA, SBA, WGA and s‐WGA), and in the cytoplasm (PNA, RCA I, VVA, SBA, WGA, LCA, PSA, Con A and PHA‐E). s‐WGA binding was confined to the spermatid acrosome, but other lectins were also observed in spermatocytes. In spermatogonia, VVA, WGA, Con A, and PHA‐E bindings were observed. Sertoli cells were intensely stained with DBA and Con A, and weakly with PHA‐E. In interstitial Leydig cells, RCA I, DBA, VVA, Con A, PSA, LCA, WGA and PHA‐E were positive. UEA I was negative in all cell types including spermatogenic cells. Unusual distribution of lectin‐bindings noted in the testis of lesser mouse deer included the limited distribution of s‐WGA only in the spermatid acrosome, the distribution of DBA in Sertoli cells, Leydig cells and lamina propria, and the absence of UEA I in all type cells. The present results were discussed in comparison with those of other animals and their possible functional implications.
A temporal discriminability account of children's eyewitness suggestibility
Authors: Bright‐Paul Alexandra , Jarrold Christopher 
Published: February 2009

AbstractChildren's suggestibility is typically measured using a three‐stage ‘event–misinformation–test’ procedure. We examined whether suggestibility is influenced by the time delays imposed between these stages, and in particular whether the temporal discriminability of sources (event and misinformation) predicts performance. In a novel approach, the degree of source discriminability was calculated as therelativemagnitude of two intervals (theratioof event–misinformation and misinformation–test intervals), based on an adaptation of existing ‘ratio‐rule’ accounts of memory. Five‐year‐olds (n =150) watched an event, and were exposed to misinformation, before memory for source was tested. The absolute event–test delay (12 versus 24 days) and the ‘ratio’ of event–misinformation/misinformation–test intervals (11:1, 3:1, 1:1, 1:3 and 1:11) were manipulated across participants. The temporal discriminability of sources, measured by the ratio, was indeed a strong predictor of suggestibility. Most importantly, if the ratio was constant (e.g. 18/6 versus 9/3 days), performance was remarkably similar despite variations in absolute delay (e.g. 24 versus 12 days). This intriguing finding not only extends the ratio‐rule of distinctiveness to misinformation paradigms, but also serves to illustrate a new empirical means of differentiating between explanations of suggestibility based on interference between sources and disintegration of source information over time.
Domestic dogs comprehend human communication with iconic signs
Authors: Kaminski Juliane , Tempelmann Sebastian , Call Josep , Tomasello Michael 
Published: February 2009

AbstractA key skill in early human development is the ability to comprehend communicative intentions as expressed in both nonlinguistic gestures and language. In the current studies, we confronted domestic dogs (some of whom knew many human ‘words’) with a task in which they had to infer the intended referent of a human's communicative act via iconic signs – specifically, replicas and photographs. Both trained and untrained dogs successfully used iconic replicas to fetch the desired item, with many doing so from the first trial. Dogs’ ability to use photographs in this same situation was less consistent. Because simple matching to sample in experimental contexts typically takes hundreds of trials (and because similarity between iconic sign and target item did not predict success), we propose that dogs’ skillful performance in the current task reflects important aspects of the comprehension of human communicative intentions.
Differential effects of social and non‐social reward on response inhibition in children and adolescents
Authors: Kohls Gregor , Peltzer Judith , Herpertz‐Dahlmann Beate , Konrad Kerstin 
Published: February 2009

Abstract An important issue in the field of clinical and developmental psychopathology is whether cognitive control processes, such as response inhibition, can be specifically enhanced by motivation. To determine whether non‐social (i.e. monetary) and social (i.e. positive facial expressions) rewards are able to differentially improve response inhibition accuracy in typically developing children and adolescents, an ‘incentive’ go/no‐go task was applied with reward contingencies for successful inhibition. In addition, the impact of children's personality traits (such as reward seeking and empathy) on monetary and social reward responsiveness was assessed in 65 boys, ages 8 to 12 years. All subjects were tested twice: At baseline, inhibitory control was assessed without reward, and then subjects were pseudorandomly assigned to one of four experimental conditions, including (1) social reward only, (2) monetary reward only, (3) mixed social and monetary reward, or (4) a retest condition without reward. Both social and non‐social reward significantly improved task performance, although larger effects were observed for monetary reward. The higher the children scored on reward seeking scales, the larger was their improvement in response inhibition, but only if monetary reward was used. In addition, there was a tendency for an association between empathic skills and benefits from social reward. These data suggest that social incentives do not have an equally strong reinforcing value as compared to financial incentives. However, different personality traits seem to determine to what extent a child profits from different types of reward. Clinical implications regarding probable hyposensitivity to social reward in subjects with autism and dysregulated reward‐seeking behaviour in children with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are discussed.
Speech‐perception‐in‐noise deficits in dyslexia
Authors: Ziegler Johannes C. , Pech‐Georgel Catherine , George Florence , Lorenzi Christian 
Published: February 2009

Abstract Speech perception deficits in developmental dyslexia were investigated in quiet and various noise conditions. Dyslexics exhibited clear speech perception deficits in noise but not in silence. Place‐of‐articulation was more affected than voicing or manner‐of‐articulation. Speech‐perception‐in‐noise deficits persisted when performance of dyslexics was compared to that of much younger children matched on reading age, underscoring the fundamental nature of speech‐perception‐in‐noise deficits. The deficits were not due to poor spectral or temporal resolution because dyslexics exhibited normal ‘masking release’ effects (i.e. better performance in fluctuating than in stationary noise). Moreover, speech‐perception‐in‐noise predicted significant unique variance in reading even after controlling for low‐level auditory, attentional, speech output, short‐term memory and phonological awareness processes. Finally, the presence of external noise did not seem to be a necessary condition for speech perception deficits to occur because similar deficits were obtained when speech was degraded by eliminating temporal fine‐structure cues without using external noise. In conclusion, the core deficit of dyslexics seems to be a lack of speech robustness in the presence of external or internal noise.
Can Voluntary Workplace Partnership Deliver Sustainable Mutual Gains?
Authors: Dobbins Anthony , Gunnigle Patrick 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThis article draws on two Irish case studies to examine the nature and outcomes of voluntary workplace partnership (WP), and the conditions affecting its durability. We found that WP delivered mutual gains for all stakeholders at Aughinish Alumina (AAL), which were quite equally divided. While WP delivered most gains for management at Waterford Crystal (WC), and some for the union, worker gains were less. The WC partnership broke down after 10 years, but the AAL partnership continues. Voluntarist mutual gains partnership is feasible, but success and durability depends on specific clusters of contextual conditions, notably management support, a quality‐focused competitive strategy, insulation from market pressures, union postures, vertically aligned bundles of mutual gains practices, institutional supports, emphasis on fairness, all party commitment to performance enhancement and capital‐intensive technology. Conditions supporting WP were stronger at AAL than WC. More generally, as supports for WP in Ireland are weaker than retardants, we conclude that few mutual gains partnerships will take root, and even fewer will endure.
Quantitative analysis of epithelial papillae in patients with oral lichen planus
Authors: López‐Jornet P , Camacho‐Alonso F , Molina‐Miñano F 
Published: February 2009

AbstractBackground  The oral mucosa is relatively vulnerable to pathological processes, and is often affected by autoimmune and malignant diseases. The oral epithelium is normally non‐homogeneous, and joins to the connective tissue through interlocking of its downward projections in the form of papillae.Objective  This study aims to conduct a histomorphometric study of the epithelial papillae in patients with oral lichen planus (OLP).Material and method  This study was based on 100 cheek mucosa biopsies from patients with OLP (66 white reticular and 34 atrophic‐erosive) (13 males and 87 females, with a mean age of 54.95 ± 13.64 years). A histological and morphometric evaluation was made, based on imaging analysis with MIP software 4.5 for studying the papillary structure in the patients with OLP.Results  The mean epithelial thickness was 227.5 ± 78.5 µm. The different papillary measures – BLS (distance from basal layer to epithelial surface), DPS (distance from dermal papilla top to epithelial surface), DPW (dermal papilla width), and DPD (interdermal papilla distance between two papillae) – yielded no statistically significant differences with respect to age, sex, smoking and clinical form. However, a significant correlation was observed in relation to papilla width and inflammatory infiltrate (P = 0.031).Conclusions  The application of this imaging system is useful for measuring variations in epithelial papillary architecture.Conflicts of interestNone declared.
Endothelial dysfunction in aged humans is related with oxidative stress and vascular inflammation
Authors: Rodríguez‐Mañas Leocadio , El‐Assar Mariam , Vallejo Susana , López‐Dóriga Pedro , Solís Joaquin , Petidier Roberto , Montes Manuel , Nevado Julián , Castro Marta , Gómez‐Guerrero Carmen , Peiró Concepción , Sánchez‐Ferrer Carlos F. 
Published: February 2009

SummaryVascular endothelial dysfunction occurs during the human aging process, and it is considered as a crucial event in the development of many vasculopathies. We investigated the underlying mechanisms of this process, particularly those related with oxidative stress and inflammation, in the vasculature of subjects aged 18–91 years without cardiovascular disease or risk factors. In isolated mesenteric microvessels from these subjects, an age‐dependent impairment of the endothelium‐dependent relaxations to bradykinin was observed. Similar results were observed by plethysmography in the forearm blood flow in response to acetylcholine. In microvessels from subjects aged less than 60 years, most of the bradykinin‐induced relaxation was due to nitric oxide release while the rest was sensitive to cyclooxygenase (COX) blockade. In microvessels from subjects older than 60 years, this COX‐derived vasodilatation was lost but a COX‐derived vasoconstriction occurred. Evidence for age‐related vascular oxidant and inflammatory environment was observed, which could be related to the development of endothelial dysfunction. Indeed, aged microvessels showed superoxide anions (O2−) and peroxynitrite (ONOO−) formation, enhancement of NADPH oxidase and inducible NO synthase expression. Pharmacological interference of COX, thromboxane A2/prostaglandin H2 receptor, O2−, ONOO−, inducible NO synthase, and NADPH oxidase improved the age‐related endothelial dysfunction. In situ vascular nuclear factor‐κB activation was enhanced with age, which correlated with endothelial dysfunction. We conclude that the age‐dependent endothelial dysfunction in human vessels is due to the combined effect of oxidative stress and vascular wall inflammation.
The Reliability and Validity of Kiddie‐Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia ‐ Present and Life‐time Version ‐ Persian Version
Authors: Shahrivar Zahra , Kousha Maryam , Moallemi Shirin , Tehrani‐Doost Mehdi , Alaghband‐Rad Javad 
Published: February 2009

Background:  The validity and reliability of a Persian version of the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia‐Present and Lifetime Version (K‐SADS‐PL‐P) was evaluated.Method:  The K‐SADS‐PL‐P was administered to 102 inpatients (mean age = 15.3 yrs, SD = 1.81) in a child and adolescent psychiatric ward. The psychometric properties were evaluated in comparison to the results of clinical diagnosis.Results:  The K‐SADS‐PL‐P showed good‐to‐excellent concurrent validity in diagnosing current major disorders. Test‐retest reliabilities of most of the current diagnoses were also good to excellent.Conclusion:  The Persian version of the K‐SADS‐PL provides reliable and valid youth psychiatric diagnoses.
The Occupation of Germany in 1945 and the Politics of German History
Authors: Pritchard Gareth 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe invasion and occupation of Germany in 1945 have always been the focus of intense, and highly politicised, academic debate. One reason for this was that both the Federal Republic of Germany and the German Democratic Republic based their claims to legitimacy on their rival interpretations of the significance of 1945. The invasion and occupation of Germany were also central to controversies between the western powers and the Soviets over who was to blame for the outbreak of the Cold War and the division of Germany. Different political factions within the western world held differing views on issues such as the German antifascist committees, denazification, and the expulsion of German populations from eastern Europe. This article examines four important strands within the historiography of 1945 – Communism, anti‐Communism, German nationalism, and New Left revisionism – with a particular emphasis on how these strands have been affected by the end of the Cold War and the reunification of Germany. It also explores some exciting new trends in recent scholarship that have few or no precedents in the traditional historiography.
Temporal distribution of clinical seizures over the 24‐h day: A retrospective observational study in a tertiary epilepsy clinic
Authors: Hofstra Wytske A. , Grootemarsink Bertine E. , Dieker Rianneke , Van Der Palen Job , De Weerd Al W. 
Published: February 2009

SummaryPurpose:  Very few studies have evaluated seizure occurrence in humans over the 24‐h day; data from children are particularly scarce. Circadian patterns in seizure occurrence may be of importance in epilepsy research and may have important implications in diagnosis and therapy.Methods:  We have analyzed clinical seizures of 176 consecutive patients (76 children, 100 adults) who had continuous electroencephalography (EEG) and video monitoring lasting more than 22 h. Several aspects of seizures were noted, including classification, time of day, origin, and sleep stage.Results:  More than 800 seizures were recorded. Significantly more seizures were observed from 11:00 to 17:00 h, and from 23:00 to 05:00 h significantly fewer seizures were seen. The daytime peak incidences were observed in seizures overall, complex partial seizures (in children and adults), seizures of extratemporal origin (in children), and seizures of temporal origin (in adults). Incidences significantly lower than expected were seen in the period 23:00 to 05:00 h in seizures overall, complex partial seizures (in children and adults), and in tonic seizures (in children). In addition, significantly fewer seizures of temporal (in children and adults) and extratemporal origin (in children) were observed in this period.Discussion:  The results suggest that certain types of seizures have a strong tendency to occur in true diurnal patterns. These patterns are characterized by a peak during midday and a low in the early night.
Depression and mental health help‐seeking behaviors in a predominantly African American population of children and adolescents with epilepsy
Authors: Roeder Ruth , Roeder Kathryn , Asano Eishi , Chugani Harry T. 
Published: February 2009

SummaryPurpose:  To determine whether previously undetected symptoms of depression and psychiatric help‐seeking behaviors are associated with demographic or epilepsy‐related variables in a predominantly African American sample of pediatric epilepsy patients.Methods:  Ninety‐six serially recruited parent–child dyads (55% African American, 39% Caucasian) completed the Short Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (SMFQ). Regression analyses determined whether depressive symptoms measured by the SMFQ were associated with demographic (age, gender, and ethnic background) or epilepsy‐related variables (age of seizure onset, duration of epilepsy, seizure type, time since last seizure, and number of antiepileptic drugs). Dyads with positive SMFQ screens (score ≥12) received information about depression and were advised to seek mental health services. Six months later, parents completed follow‐up interviews to ascertain mental health service utilization.Results:  Thirty‐five participants (36.5%) screened positive for probable depression. Greater number of antiepileptic drugs was the only predictor variable independently associated with greater (worse) depression scores (p = 0.005). At 6‐month follow‐up, 12 patients (36.4%) had received mental health care, whereas 21 guardians (63.6%) denied depressive symptoms in their child and never sought mental health services (two dyads lost to follow‐up). Logistic regression analyses found no associations between demographic, epilepsy‐related, or depressive variables and psychiatric help‐seeking.Discussion:  This study indicates the necessity and feasibility of screening for previously undetected symptoms of depression in pediatric epilepsy clinics serving diverse populations, particularly among patients receiving antiepileptic polytherapy. Additional research on the correlates of depressive symptoms and determinants of psychiatric help‐seeking is needed to develop evidence‐based interventions for youths with epilepsy and symptoms of depression.
Ethosuximide converts ictogenic neurons initiating absence seizures into normal neurons in a genetic model
Authors: Polack Pierre‐Olivier , Charpier Stephane 
Published: February 2009

SummaryAbsence epilepsy is a form of generalized epilepsy commonly seen in children. The neuronal process by which ethosuximide (ETX), a first choice anti‐absence drug, prevents absence seizures is still unresolved. Recent clinical findings have indicated that focal cortical regions are involved during absence seizures. Consistently, it has been shown in genetic models of absence epilepsy that epileptic discharges arise from a delimited region of the cerebral cortex. Here, we made simultaneous in vivo electrocorticographic and intracellular recordings from the cortical focus of the genetic absence epilepsy rat from Strasbourg and examined the effects of systemic injection of ETX at a therapeutic concentration. We show that the interruption of seizures by ETX is correlated with a recovery, in the hyperactive focus neurons, of physiologic values of membrane potential, firing rate, and pattern, as measured in analogous neurons from nonepileptic rats. These data suggest that the anti‐absence action of ETX results from the conversion of ictogenic cortical neurons into normal cortical neurons.
Bumetanide inhibits rapid kindling in neonatal rats
Authors: Mazarati Andréy , Shin Don , Sankar Raman 
Published: February 2009

SummaryPurpose: To examine the effects of bumetanide, a selective blocker of Na+‐K+‐2Cl−cotransporter (NKCC1), on hippocampal excitability and rapid kindling in immature rats.Methods: Studies were performed in Wistar rats of three ages: postnatal day 11 (P11, neonatal), P14 (postneonatal), and P21 (preadolescent). Bumetanide (0.2, 0.5, 2.5 mg/kg) was given intraperitoneally 20 min prior to the beginning of the studies. Hippocampal excitability was examined by measuring threshold and duration of afterdischarge, which had been elicited by electrical stimulation of ventral hippocampus. Kindling procedure consisted of 80 electrical stimulations of ventral hippocampus, delivered every 5 min.Results: At P11, bumetanide (0.5 mg/kg) increased the baseline hippocampal afterdischarge threshold and shortened the afterdischarge duration. Bumetanide delayed the occurrence, and reduced the number of full motor seizures during kindling, and prevented the development of kindling‐induced enhanced seizure susceptibility in a majority of animals. At P14, bumetanide (0.5 mg/kg) induced no significant antiepileptic effects, although suppression of hippocampal excitability and inhibition of kindling were observed in a subset of animals. At P21, bumetanide (0.2; 2.5 mg/kg) exerted no effects on hippocampal excitability and kindling progression.Discussion: The obtained results provide further evidence that bumetanide may be beneficial for treating neonatal seizures, and that NKCC1 represents a potential target for antiepileptic interventions in the immature brain.
Role of Left Ventricular Scar and Purkinje‐Like Potentials During Mapping and Ablation of Ventricular Fibrillation in Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Authors: SINHA ANIL‐MARTIN , SCHMIDT MARTIN , MARSCHANG HARALD , GUTLEBEN KLAUS , RITSCHER GUIDO , BRACHMANN JOHANNES , MARROUCHE NASSIR F. 
Published: February 2009

Background: Purkinje‐like potentials (PLPs) have been described as important contributors to initiation of ventricular fibrillation (VF) in patients with normal hearts, ischemic cardiomyopathy, and early after‐myocardial infarction.
Methods: Of the 11 consecutive patients with VF storm, nonischemic cardiomyopathy (68 ± 22 years, left ventricular ejection fraction 28 ± 8%) who were given antiarrhythmic drugs and/or heart failure management, five had recurrent VF and underwent electrophysiology study (EPS) and catheter ablation.
Results: At EPS, frequent monomorphic premature ventricular contractions (PVC) and/or ventricular tachycardia did not occur. With isoproterenol, VF was induced in three patients, and sustained monomorphic PVCs were induced in one patient. Three‐dimensional electroanatomical mapping using CARTO (Biosense‐Webster Inc., Diamond Bar, CA) revealed posterior wall scar in four of the five patients. PLP in sinus rhythm were recorded around the scar border in these four patients, and radiofrequency ablation targeting PLP was successfully performed at these sites. The patient without PLP did not undergo ablation. During follow‐up (12 ± 5 months), only the patient without PLP had four VF recurrences requiring implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator (ICD) shocks.
Conclusion: In patients with VF and dilated cardiomyopathy, left ventricular posterior wall scar in the vicinity of the mitral annulus seems to be a common finding. Targeting PLP along the scar border zone for ablation seems to efficiently prevent VF recurrence in these patients.