bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Humeroscapular Bone of the Great Horned Owl (Bubo virginianus) and other Raptors
Authors: Smith B.J. , Smith S. A. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryA small, separate, bony density dorsal to the shoulder joint is radiographically visible in several species of large hawks and owls. Gross dissection and histological examination show the bone to lie on the deep surface of the major deltoid muscle in intimate association with the dorsal coracohumeral ligament of the shoulder joint. The tendon of the supracoracoideus muscle passes immediately cranial to the humeroscapular bone. Two ligaments distinct from the shoulder joint capsule attach the humeroscapular bone to the proximal humerus: one passes to the proximal edge of the pectoral crest of the humerus, and the other passes to the ventral tubercle of the humerus. The bone was described as die humeroscapular bone in reference to a similar fibrocartilaginous structure possessed by some birds. The humeroscapular bone is present in the great horned owl (Bubo virginianus), the screech owl (Otus asio), the barred owl (Strix varia), the red‐tailed hawk (Buteo jamaicencis), the Cooper's hawk (Accipiter cooperii), and the sharp‐shinned hawk (Accipiter striatus). The bone is absent in the barn owl (Tyto alba), the osprey (Pandion haliaetus), the golden eagle (Aquila chysaetos), and the turkey vulture (Cathartes aura), though some of these species possessed a similar fibrocartilaginous structure. Whether the humeroscapular structure develops as bone or cartilage in a given species may be related to other morphological features of the wing, and/or to characteristics of the predatory behavior of the species. Clinicians and anatomists dealing with birds of prey must be aware of the presence of the humeroscapular bone to avoid misinterpreting it as a fracture fragment.
The Apical Ligaments of the Penis of the Goat and Sheep
Authors: Rumph Paul F. , Garrett Phillip D. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThe penile apical ligaments of 13 goats and 8 sheep were dissected and described. Unlike the single apical ligament of the bull penis, both goats and sheep had one ligament on each side of the apex of the penis with no apparent connection over the dorsal surface. These lateral apical ligaments consisted of substantial connective tissue fibers that arose from the outer layers of the tunica albuginea and varied from 6.0 to 10.0 cm in length. The left apical ligament was longer and thicker than the right. The left apical ligament of the sheep penis was divided into a dorsal and a ventral branch. Both the goat and sheep possessed flattened perivenous ligaments that originated from the apical fascia and extended caudally along each side of the dorsal vein of the penis.
Ependyma of the Goat
Authors: RAJTOVÁ VlERA 
Published: June 2007

SummaryEpendyma of the Goat. Part IV. Ependymal lining of the median eminence in goats under physiological and experimental conditions. The sexual differentiation of the ME ependymal lining surface structure has been proved in goats. Suitable hormonal preparations applied to females during anestrus induced on the median eminence the same picture as that during estrus. Only after gonadectomy in both the females and males there were dense macrophages‐like SEC on the ME protruding from the deeper layers of the eminence. Their potential function is discussed.
Immunocytochemical Study of the Ultimobranchial Tubule in Wistar Rats
Authors: Conde E. , Moreno A. M. , Martin‐Lacave I. , Galera A. Fernandez y H. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryA systematic immunohistochemical study of the ultimobranchial tubule (UBT) has been carried out in 45 Wistar rats of different ages (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 60 and 120 days). The existence of calcitonin immunoreactive cells in the UBT wall has been demonstrated in a 5‐days old rat. In addition, immunohistochemical studies for thyroglobulin revealed positive staining in follicular cells connected to the UBT and, occasionally, in isolated cells lying within solid clusters from the UBT. These last results together with the continued and repeated existence of numerous mitosis and PAS (+) microfollicles, apparently rising from the UBT, support the hypothesis that the ultimobranchial body (UBB) may contribute partially to the formation of a part of the follicular component.
Studies on the Parietal Region of the Cervid Skull
Authors: Kierdorf U. , Kierdorf H. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryIn the roe deer skull symmetrically arranged ossa interparietals were found to develop from paired centers of ossification. Obliteration of the sutura interinterparietalis mostly started already late in prenatal life, whereas closure of the interparietal and the interparietoparietal sutures as a rule commenced around the second week post partum. A certain degree of variability with respect to the timing of sutural closure was observed. No synostosis occurred between the os parietale resp. os interparietale and the os supraoccipitale, so that even in old animals the sutura parieto‐ resp. interparietooccipitalis was always present.
Altersentwicklung der langen Röhrenknochen bei Weißen Neuseeländer Fleischkaninchen und Chinchilla‐Bastard‐Versuchskaninchen
Authors: Hörner Karin , Drescher Birgit 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThe Age Dependent Development of the Long Bones Diaphyses by New Zealand Rabbits and Chinchilla‐Bastard‐Experimental‐RabbitsThe age dependent development of the long bones' diaphyses (humerus, os femoris and os tibiofibulare) was examined macroscopically, morphometrically and histologically using 15 White NewZealand Rabbits (TO) and 15 Chinchilla‐Bastard‐Experimental‐Rabbits (Chbb) in 5 different age groups.The main growth of bone occurs in the first three months of life. The remodelling from juvenile to adult bone began in the period from the 4 th – 12 th week. The different bones show various characteristic remodelling zones for each localization.Until the 12 th week the resorption of juvenile bundled bone predominates. Afterwards an increasing bone formation by osteonal bone can be observed.The bone growth is terminated between the 17 th and 33 rd week. The os tibiofibulare in both breeds represents the major part of the compact bone area on the whole cross‐section area.Principally the bone‐remodelling process proceeds equally in both breeds. Breed dependent differences in the adult bone are seen in the construction of the circumferential lamellae. These are formed considerably more irregularly by the Chbb‐rabbits than by the WN‐rabbits.
Eine lectinhistochemische Untersuchung der Epidermis von Haut und Huf des Pferdes*
Authors: Hashimoto Yoshiharu , Reese Sven , Bragulla HermannBragulla , Budras Klaus‐D. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryLectin‐histochemical study of the equine epidermis of skin and hoofCarbohydrate moieties of cell membranes in the epidermis of equine skin and hoof were investigated using lectin‐histochemistry. The loss of desmosomes during keratinization leads to a reduced lectin affinity. Lectin binding capacity of the intercellular matrix in the stratum corneum of the epidermis is weak compared to that of the intercellular kitt of the hoof. Qualitative differences in lectin binding of the intercellular kitt of different hoof segments correlate with the quality of the horn in the respective areas.
Zur bildlichen Darstellung der gemeinsamen Sehnenscheide des M. flexor hallucis longus und des M, tibialis caudalis beim Pferd
Authors: Mettenleiter Eberhard , Meier Hans‐Peter , Ueltschi Gottlieb , Waibl Helmut 
Published: June 2007

SummaryExamination of the common tendon sheath of the M. flexor hallucis longus and the M. tibialis caudalis by ultrasound in the horseThe possibilities for imaging soft tissue structures, especially fluid‐filled cavities such as articulations, bursae or tendon sheaths, have been improved markedly by sonography in recent years.Ultrasonic examinations were performed on the common tendon sheath of the musculus flexor hallucis longus and the musculus tibialis caudalis, from the medioplantar aspect of the tarsus, in 12 sound adult draft‐ and warmblood horses, and in 5 animals with a distended common sheath.The diagnostic precision of the sonographic examination of the tendon sheath is excellent and is superior to conventional radiography. A nuclear magnetic resonance tomogram of an isolated equine tarsus is presented for comparison method.
Original Papers
Authors: Lehmann Margot , Russe Imogen , Sinowatz Fred 
Published: June 2007

Nachweis von Lektinbindungsstellen am Trophoblast des Rindes während der Frühgravidität*SummaryHistotopographical distribution of lectin binding sites in trophoblasts of bovine embryosIn the present study we report on the histotopographical distribution of lectin binding sites in the trophoblasts of day 18 to day 40 bovine embryos, using the FITC‐labeled lectins BPA, Con A, DBA, GS I, GS II, MPA, PNA, SBA, UEA I and WGA. Lectin binding sites localized in giant binucleate cells differ from those localized in uninucleate cells, indicating changes in the biochemical structure of cell surfaces taking place during differentiation. In the trophoblast of the day 40 embryo, a distinct staining of uninucleate cells was seen after incubation with GS I, Con A and MPA, demonstrating N‐acetylgalactosamin (GS I), Mannose (Con A) and Galactose (MPA) moieties, whereas giant binucleate cells showed intense reactions after incubation with DBA and WGA, indicating presence of N‐acetylgalactosamin (DBA) and N‐acetylglucosamin (WGA). GS II (specific for N‐acetylglucosamin), SBA (specific for N‐acetylgalactosamin) and UEA I (specific for L‐Fucose) showed no affinity toward any of the examined tissues. We assume, that carbohydrate moieties in trophoblast cells play an important role in fetomaternal cell‐cell adhesion and cell migration during implantation and placentation period.
über lysosomale Strukturen im Darmepithel des Säugers während seiner prä‐ und postnatalen Entwicklung. Eine mikromorphologisch‐funktionelle Synopse*
Authors: Wille Karl‐Heinz 
Published: June 2007

SummaryLysosornes in the mammalian intestinal épithélium during pre‐ and postnatal developmentThe first lysosomes appear in the stratified embiyonic intestinal épithélium during its transition into the simple columnar form. This occurs concurrently with the initial villogenesis. Lysosornes situated basally in the épithélium are presumably the precursor of the first giant lysosornes in the lower small intestine of rodents. Immediately after establishment of the simple configuration a special form of secondary lysosornes can be observed, i. e. glycogenosomes, in the ephemerally existing huge glycogen containing areas.During subsequent fetal intestinal development one observes two events in the epithelial cells, which are the same in principle but differ in one essential point, while they exhibit partially impressive structures. On the one hand there are autophagic degenerative lysosomal processes in the villous épithélium until birth, that lead to a surface without villi in the large intestine, where they occur particularly frequently. On the other hand giant lysosornes originate perinatally in the lower small intestine as well as in the caecum and colon ascendens, in which protein molecules, which were transported by a system of inframicrovillar membranes, are lysosomally degraded, which can be defined as a heterophagic event.
Zur Mikrovaskularisation des Penis vom Stier (Bos taurus)*
Authors: Amselgruber Werner , Sinowatz Fred 
Published: June 2007

SummaryMicrovascularisation of the bovine penisThe blood supply and the microvascularization of the bovine penis (Bos taurus) were demonstrated using the scanning electron microscope. The Corpus cavernosum penis of the bull consists of a surprisingly well‐developed mesh of small to intermediate vessels. The architecture of the cavernous body is largely determined by trabeculae of connective tissue, the extent of which varies between penis segments. The Corpus cavernosum is arranged primarily as a ring around the trabeculae of connective tissue.Chambers of large bore are found in the central portions of the Corpus cavernosum penis, whereas a relatively fine vascular network predominates in the periphery. Vessels in the cavernous body of the urethra, on the other hand, show strictly parallel orientation to the urethra, which they surround like a sleeve. They also stand in close association with vessels in the outer layer of the Tunica albuginea. The vascular systems of the Corpus cavernosum penis and the Corpus spongiosum penis are not connected with one another.The vascular architecture of the Glans penis is characterized by the inclusion of well‐developed vascular arcades at regular intervals. These course through a connective tissue matrix rich in glycoproteins and stretch to just under the skin of the penis, where they are intimately associated with a subpapillary network of arteries and veins. The venous legs of the vascular arcades are supplied by this network of veins.The Glans penis of the bull is considered to represent a specialization of the penile integument.
Die segmentale Gliederung und Hornstruktur an der Kralle des Hundes*
Authors: Budras K.‐D. , Seidel M. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThe Segments of the Dog ClawThis study classifies the segments of the dog claw and presents a new conception to define crown and wall segments that deviates from the common statements in literature. The perioplic segment extends along the internal surface of the claw fold (vallum). The crown segment lies in the unguicular groove, and there in a semicircular zone. In the crown segment there is development of horn tubuli, but these lose their tubular structure before they have reached the top of the claw. The wall segment, adjacent distally, comprises a dorsal ridge, and lateral surfaces proximally and distally which are all marked by superficial lamellar‐shaped surface configurations. The sole segment shows desquamate soft horn and is situated between the free margin of the wall segment palmar/plantar to the unguicular process.The new conception of homologization of dog claw distinguishes between main and secondary criteria. The main criterion is the epidermal and dermal configuration. Secondary criteria are the typical horn products (for example perioplic horn) and dimension, shape and topography of segments. The sterile/fertile‐bed theory, which was believed to be the determining factor for the classification of the dog claw, is neither the proper method to define the individual segments nor to judge the rate of ramification.
Ultraestructura de las Células Luteínicas en la Hembra Bovina
Authors: Iglesias M.J. Garcia , Rodriguez J. M. Martinez , Moraly A. M. Bravo , Diez A. Escudero 
Published: June 2007

SummaryUltrastructure of Luteal Cells from the Female CattleAn ultrastructural study to the corpus luteum (CL) from 263 non pregnant females catties slaughtered in slaughter‐houses of León (Spain) was done. The luteal cells are classified in five types, noted with roman numbers. We made a comparison between these cells and the cells described in the literature. We believe that luteal cells have a development from type I to V, the first type is the principal inside the developing CL. The types II and III are in the mature CL, and the two last types are in the degenerating CL. It will be the same cell in different stages of development. We did not find characteristical structures to differentiate luteal cells originating from the granulosa or the theca.
Influence of Adrenalectomy on the Developing Rat Thymus During Peri‐Weaning Period
Authors: Inomata T. , Hyodo T. , Sakita K. , Ninomiya H. , Showji Y. , Hashimoto Y. , Murakata S. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryAdrenalectomy of 17‐, 18‐ and 19‐day‐old male and female rats did not cause any changes in the weight of thymus 4 days later. Adrenalectomy on day 20 of age induced a significant hypertrophy of the thymus 4 days later. These results indicate that on day 20 of age, just before weaning, the thymus is under some inhibitory regulation by the adrenal gland.
Actin in Stratified Squamous Keratinized Epithelium*
Authors: Kressin M. , Koob B. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryActin filament distribution patterns were revealed in a stratified squamous keratinized epithelium using phalloidin‐fluorescent and immunogold labeling techniques applied on bovine luminal pilar as a model tissue. In non‐keratinized cell types, actin concentrates on the microfilament‐rich cellular cortex as well as on cytoplasmic processes and protrusions. In cornified cells labeling is distributed diffusely over the amorphous cytoplasm. A constant feature in all cell types is plasmalem‐mal labeling. Desmosomes exhibit deposition on their plasmalemmal leaflets, the dense central stratum and plaques. Desmosomal as well as cytoplasmic keratinfilament bundles also label for actin, the latter often in a cross‐banded manner. These cellular distribution patterns of actin filaments are discussed with respect to the singificance of the microfilaments in the process of cell shape determination, stratification, and cell adhesion.
Liver Histology of Reindeer Calves during the Winter Season
Authors: Soveri T. 
Published: June 2007

SummarySeventeen reindeer calves were divided into three groups and liver biopsies were taken during the winter. Group 1 consisted of 6 animals allowed to graze freely under natural conditions, those in groups 2 (n = 5) and 3 (n = 6) were kept in pens and fed with lichens, the diet being designed to achieve a slight (group 2) or moderate (group 3) weight loss. Weight losses from November to April averaged 14.9%, 13.2% and 24.8% in the three groups respectively. The relative volumes of the different structures in the liver were determined by light microscopic morphometry. The mean size of the hepatocytes was slightly greater in March than in January in groups 1 and 2, and slightly smaller in group 3 (no statistical differences) and then decreased markedly. These changes could also be seen in the sinusoidal lumina. The decrease in the size of the hepatocytes may reflect a shortage of amino acids in the cells or it may be hormone‐mediated. Unlike the situation in cows, there was no fatty accumulation in the hepatocytes. This may be a species adaptation to an annual period of starvation.
Corazón Cerdo: Sistema Papilo‐Tendino‐Valvular del Ventriculo Derecho
Authors: Alvarez L. , Saucedo R. , Aranega Antonia , Y Consolación Melguizo , Velez Celia , Aránega Amelia E. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThe right ventricle was studied in 75 anatomically normal swine hearts. Nine parameters in the papillo‐tendino valvular system and three corresponding to the tricuspid orifice, pulmonary orifice and length of the inflow tract were measured. Correlations were established between the parameters and heart weight in grams, between the different parameters themselves, and between heart weight and body weight. The results were compared with similar data from human hearts, and were considered of use to researchers planning to use the swine heart as an experimental model to study congenital or induced heart diseases, or as a reference for the clinical interpretation of spontaneous cardiac, anomalies in swine.
Adrenal Renin is Localized in Lysosomal Granules
Authors: Kon Y. , Hashimoto Y. , Sugimura M. , Murakami K. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryBoth renin and cathepsin B were co‐localized in identical granules of adrenocortical cells. At day 16 of gestation, many renin‐containing granules were observed and gold particles showed homogeneous intragranular distribution; whereas, those for cathepsin B was distributed heterogene‐ously. At day 18 of gestation, renin immunoreactivity was decreased or undetectable, whereas cathepsin B was still demonstrated at the same level as on day 16 of gestation.
Radiographic Study of Postnatal Development of the Tarsus in West African Dwarf Goats
Authors: Mgasa M. N. , Arnbjerg J. 
Published: June 2007

SummarySeven goats of the West African dwarf breeds, three females and four males, from the same farm were studied by serial radiography from the first week of life and at 3, 6, 9, 16, 23, 28, 37 and 46 weeks of age. The radiological appearance of the developing tarsus as Avaluated from radiographs is described. During the first week postnatally, eight loci were observed to be partially ossified. The talus, tarsi centrale (Tc), first (T1), second (T2), third (T3) and fourth (T4) tarsal bones had each a single loci. The calcaneus bone had two loci, one for the tuber calcanei and another for the calcaneus himself. Fusion of the locus for T2 and T3 was evident in radiographs taken at three weeks. The fused T2 + T3 also appeared fused with die Tc in one of the goats at 23 weeks. The Tc and T4 were observed to fuse in only three of the goats at 23 weeks while in others the bones remained separate throughout the study period. In those goats where the Tc and T4 tarsal bones were not fused, the three tarsal joints were linked by a radiolucent line between these bones. While in the goat where Tc and T2 + T3 bone fusion has occurred the distal intertarsal joint was blocked and the proximal intertarsal was communicating with the tarso metatarsal joint between the separate Tc and T4. The tarsus of the goat is variable and differs from that of sheep and cattle.
Sur L'innervation de la Syrinx Chez le Canard (Anas platyrhinchos)
Authors: Scala G. , Corona M. , Pelagalli G. V. , Girolamo P. de 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThe Innervation of the Syrinx in the Duck (Anas platyrhinchos)The innervation of the Syrinx was studied in 15 female Peking Ducks of 10 to 12 months old by using L. M. and E. M. In this organ a nervous plexiform net is present located in the connective below the epithelium along the membrana tympaniformis medialis. This net‐work is made of the nervous trunks which repeatedly anastomise among themselves and display during their course acapsulate ganglions. However, no specialized contact device were encountered at the periphery.