bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Structural Characterization of a Tetranuclear Platinum(II) Metallamacrocycle Containing 1,3-Diisocyanoarene Ligands
Authors: Ito Hajime , Maeda Tsuyoshi , Sawamura Masaya 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
A new tetranuclear platinum(II) metallamacrocycle, including four 1,3-diisocyanoarene ligands, was synthesized and characterized. The reaction of PtI2(cod) with an equimolar amount of the 1,3-diisocyanoarene ligand in dichloromethane under diluted conditions gave the metallamacrocycle [(PtI2)4(1,3-diisocyanoarene)4]. X-ray crystallographic analysis showed that the complex adopted a square ring structure with trans arrangement of coordinated isocyanides around the Pt atoms. GPC, ESI-MS, IR, and NMR analysis of the metallamacrocycle showed that the tetranuclear macrocyclic scaffold was maintained in solution.
Synthesis and Photoisomerization of Enediyne-Type Dendrimers with Benzyl Ether Dendrons
Authors: Yoshimura Nao , Momotake Atsuya , Shinohara Yoshihiro , Nishimura Yoshinobu , Arai Tatsuo 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
Dendrimers with enediynes at the core and a benzyl ether-type dendron at the surrounding periphery were prepared as pure cis- and trans-isomers. Intramolecular energy-transfer efficiency and emission properties as well as photoisomerization around the C=C double bond were studied.
Enhancing a Neat Microwave-Assisted Transformation. Diels–Alder Reaction of 2H-Pyran-2-ones toward Fused Bicyclo[2.2.2]octenes
Authors: Kranjc Krištof , Kocevar Marijan 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
An efficient, green access to polysubstituted and highly constrained bicyclo[2.2.2]octenes via a microwave-assisted cycloaddition reaction is described. The double Diels–Alder reaction of a series of 2H-pyran-2-ones with N-substituted maleimides was investigated under different reaction conditions: neat and in the presence of a minor amount of a liquid additive. A comparison of the different conditions showed the advantage of the presence of a minor amount of butan-1-ol in the otherwise neat reaction mixture.
Carbanion vs. Carbon Radical in Tandem 1,4-Addition to Two Connected Units of Acrylate or Methacrylate
Authors: Nagano Shinya , Hakim Siddiki S M A , Sugimura Takashi 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
Two units of acrylate or methacrylate were connected with 2,4-pentanediol. Michael addition of organometallic compounds to this substrate failed to cause the intended intramolecular Michael addition of the generated enolate, but the addition of carbon radical induced the internal addition to give cyclic compounds in yields up to 79%.
In Situ Solid/Liquid Separation Effect for High-Yield Recovery of Boron and Fluorine from Aqueous Media Containing Borate or Fluoroborate Ions
Authors: Itakura Takeshi , Sasai Ryo , Itoh Hideaki 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
Detoxification of polluted water and resource recovery of boron and fluorine by using a sampling-type hydrothermal mineralization treatment apparatus was investigated. The hydrothermal mineralization treatment is a geomimetic treatment, which recovers natural minerals from aqueous media under hydrothermal conditions. As a result, hydrothermal mineralization treatment for aqueous solutions containing borate or fluoroborate ions, followed by separation of the reaction solution from precipitate, effectively reduced boron and fluorine concentration in solution, and parasibirskite (Ca2B2O5·H2O) and fluorite (CaF2) formed in high yields. Both the boron and fluorine concentration after the treatment for 2 h at 150 °C was 4 mg dm−3 regardless of its initial concentration (5–3000 mg dm−3) and the ionic species (B(OH)4− or BF4−). Therefore, the hydrothermal mineralization treatment by using a sampling-type apparatus should be an effective method to detoxify the wastewater and ground water containing these ions and recover these ions as reusable mineral.
Photocatalytic Preparation of Ag/TiO2 Films and Their Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensing Properties
Authors: Tanahashi Ichiro 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
Photocatalytic deposition of Ag nanoparticles from AgNO3 aqueous solution onto TiO2 films (Ag/TiO2 films) was carried out by using ultraviolet light irradiation at room temperature. The Ag/TiO2 films were characterized by XRD, XPS, and SEM. The mean diameter of Ag nanoparticles on the film was estimated to be 113 nm. In the optical absorption spectra of the Ag/TiO2 film, the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) peak of Ag nanoparticles was observed around 390 nm. A linear relation was clearly observed between the LSPR peak wavelength and the refractive index of the surrounding media, such as alcohols, D-glucose and urea aqueous solutions, in the range of 1.0003–1.4394. The Ag/TiO2 films were easy to prepare and had a reproducible SPR sensing performance.
Shape Selective Oxidative Etching and Growth of Single-Twin Plate-Like and Multiple-Twin Decahedral and Icosahedral Gold Nanocrystals in the Presence of Au Seeds under Microwave Heating
Authors: Tsuji Masaharu , Miyamae Nobuhiro , Nishio Michiko , Hikino Sachie , Ishigami Naoki 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
Shape- and size-controlled synthesis of gold nanocrystals was studied by using a microwave–polyol method in the presence of Au seeds and poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) as a polymer surfactant. Mixtures of spherical, triangular, hexagonal, octahedral, and decahedaral particles were prepared as Au seeds by reducing Au3+ in AuCl4− in ethylene glycol (EG). When Au nanoparticles were prepared from AuCl4−/Cl−/PVP/EG solutions by using these Au seeds, significant changes in shapes and sizes of the Au seeds occurred. Such changes depended strongly on the concentrations of AuCl4− and Cl−. Large single-twin plate-like particles and multiple-twin decahedral particles were the major products at high concentrations of AuCl4−, whereas icosahedral particles were preferentially produced at high Cl− concentrations. It should be noted that the octahedral and spherical particles involved in the Au seeds were completely dissolved at high AuCl4− and Cl− concentrations. The significant changes in shapes and sizes of Au nanoparticles could be explained by the oxidative etching of the Au seeds by AuCl4− + Cl− anions in the range of 60–160 °C and crystal growth of specific shapes of Au nanocrystals in the range of 160–198 °C on the basis of changes in color and UV–vis–NIR spectra of solutions and TEM images of products during etching.
On Source Terms and Boundary Conditions Using Arbitrary High Order Discontinuous Galerkin Schemes
Authors: Dumbser Michael , Munz Claus-Dieter 
Published: October 2007

On Source Terms and Boundary Conditions Using Arbitrary High Order Discontinuous Galerkin SchemesThis article is devoted to the discretization of source terms and boundary conditions using discontinuous Galerkin schemes with an arbitrary high order of accuracy in space and time for the solution of hyperbolic conservation laws on unstructured triangular meshes. The building block of the method is a particular numerical flux function at the element interfaces based on the solution of Generalized Riemann Problems (GRPs) with piecewise polynomial initial data. The solution of the generalized Riemann problem, originally introduced by Toro and Titarev in a finite volume context, provides simultaneously a numerical flux function as well as a time integration method. The resulting scheme is extremely local since it integrates the PDE from one time step to the successive one in a single step using only information from the direct side neighbors. Since source terms are directly incorporated into the numerical flux via the solution of the GRP, our very high order accurate method is also able to maintain very well smooth steady-state solutions of PDEs with source terms, similar to the so-called well-balanced schemes which are usually specially designed for this purpose. Boundary conditions are imposed solving inverse generalized Riemann problems. Furthermore, we show numerical evidence proving that by using very high order schemes together with high order polynomial representations of curved boundaries, high quality solutions can be obtained on very coarse meshes.
A Hermite-Type Adaptive Semi-Lagrangian Scheme
Authors: Mehrenberger Michel , Violard Eric 
Published: October 2007

A Hermite-Type Adaptive Semi-Lagrangian SchemeWe study a new Hermite-type interpolating operator arising in a semi-Lagrangian scheme for solving the Vlasov equation in the 2D phase space. Numerical results on uniform and adaptive grids are shown and compared with the biquadratic Lagrange interpolation introduced in (Campos Pinto and Mehrenberger, 2004) in the case of a rotating Gaussian.
Hermite Spline Interpolation on Patches for Parallelly Solving the Vlasov-Poisson Equation
Authors: Crouseilles Nicolas , Latu Guillaume , Sonnendrücker Eric 
Published: October 2007

Hermite Spline Interpolation on Patches for Parallelly Solving the Vlasov-Poisson EquationThis work is devoted to the numerical simulation of the Vlasov equation using a phase space grid. In contrast to Particle-In-Cell (PIC) methods, which are known to be noisy, we propose a semi-Lagrangian-type method to discretize the Vlasov equation in the two-dimensional phase space. As this kind of method requires a huge computational effort, one has to carry out the simulations on parallel machines. For this purpose, we present a method using patches decomposing the phase domain, each patch being devoted to a processor. Some Hermite boundary conditions allow for the reconstruction of a good approximation of the global solution. Several numerical results demonstrate the accuracy and the good scalability of the method with up to 64 processors. This work is a part of the CALVI project.
A Direct and Accurate Adaptive Semi-Lagrangian Scheme for the Vlasov-Poisson Equation
Authors: Pinto Martin 
Published: October 2007

A Direct and Accurate Adaptive Semi-Lagrangian Scheme for the Vlasov-Poisson EquationThis article aims at giving a simplified presentation of a new adaptive semi-Lagrangian scheme for solving the (1 + 1)-dimensional Vlasov-Poisson system, which was developed in 2005 with Michel Mehrenberger and first described in (Campos Pinto and Mehrenberger, 2007). The main steps of the analysis are also given, which yield the first error estimate for an adaptive scheme in the context of the Vlasov equation. This article focuses on a key feature of our method, which is a new algorithm to transport multiscale meshes along a smooth flow, in a way that can be saidoptimalin the sense that it satisfies both accuracy and complexity estimates which are likely to lead to optimal convergence rates for the whole numerical scheme. From the regularity analysis of the numerical solution and how it gets transported by the numerical flow, it is shown that the accuracy of our scheme is monitored by a prescribed tolerance parameter ε which represents the local interpolation error at each time step. As a consequence, the numerical solutions are proved to converge inL∞towards the exact ones as ε and δttend to zero, and in addition to the numerical tests presented in (Campos Pinto and Mehrenberger, 2007), some complexity bounds are established which are likely to prove the optimality of the meshes.
Numerical Approximation of Self-Consistent Vlasov Models for Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Phenomena
Authors: Besse Nicolas , Mauser Norbert , Sonnendrücker Eric 
Published: October 2007

Numerical Approximation of Self-Consistent Vlasov Models for Low-Frequency Electromagnetic PhenomenaWe present a new numerical method to solve the Vlasov-Darwin and Vlasov-Poisswell systems which are approximations of the Vlasov-Maxwell equation in the asymptotic limit of the infinite speed of light. These systems model low-frequency electromagnetic phenomena in plasmas, and thus "light waves" are somewhat supressed, which in turn allows the numerical discretization to dispense with the Courant-Friedrichs-Lewy condition on the time step. We construct a numerical scheme based on semi-Lagrangian methods and time splitting techniques. We develop a four-dimensional phase space algorithm for the distribution function while the electromagnetic field is solved on a two-dimensional Cartesian grid. Finally, we present two nontrivial test cases: (a) the wave Landau damping and (b) the electromagnetic beam-plasma instability. For these cases our numerical scheme works very well and is in agreement with analytic kinetic theory.
Arbitrary High-Order Finite Element Schemes and High-Order Mass Lumping
Authors: Jund Sébastien , Salmon Stéphanie 
Published: October 2007

Arbitrary High-Order Finite Element Schemes and High-Order Mass LumpingComputers are becoming sufficiently powerful to permit to numerically solve problems such as the wave equation with high-order methods. In this article we will consider Lagrange finite elements of orderkand show how it is possible to automatically generate the mass and stiffness matrices of any order with the help of symbolic computation software. We compare two high-order time discretizations: an explicit one using a Taylor expansion in time (a Cauchy-Kowalewski procedure) and an implicit Runge-Kutta scheme. We also construct in a systematic way a high-order quadrature which is optimal in terms of the number of points, which enables the use of mass lumping, up toP5elements. We compare computational time and effort for several codes which are of high order in time and space and study their respective properties.
On the Numerical Approximation of First-Order Hamilton-Jacobi Equations
Authors: Abgrall Rémi , Perrier Vincent 
Published: October 2007

On the Numerical Approximation of First-Order Hamilton-Jacobi EquationsSome methods for the numerical approximation of time-dependent and steady first-order Hamilton-Jacobi equations are reviewed. Most of the discussion focuses on conformal triangular-type meshes, but we show how to extend this to the most general meshes. We review some first-order monotone schemes and also high-order ones specially dedicated to steady problems.
Inorganic Nanoparticles with Fullerene‐like Structure and Nanotubes; Some Electrochemical and Photoelectrochemical Aspects
Authors: Tenne Reshef 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
The sections in this article are

Introduction

Classification of the Different Mechanisms for the Folding of Inorganic Compounds, which Yield Close‐cage Structures and Nanotubes

Synthesis of Inorganic Nanotubes and Fullerene‐like Nanoparticles

Thermodynamic, Structural, and Topological Considerations

Physical Properties

Band Structure Calculations

Optical Studies in the
UV
and Visible

R
aman Spectroscopy

Mechanical Properties

Electrochemistry and Photoelectrochemistry Using
IF
‐Materials and Inorganic Nanotubes

Electrodeposition of
IF
‐
MS
2
(M = W,Mo)Nanoparticles and their Photoelectrochemical Properties

Electrochemical Studies with
V
2
O
5
and Metallic Nanotubes

Applications

Conclusion

Acknowledgment
Fullerenes
Authors: Echegoyen Lourdes E. , Ángeles Herranz M. , Echegoyen Luis 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
The sections in this article are

Introduction

Electrochemistry of
C
60
and
C
70

Reduction of
C
60

Reduction of
C
70

Oxidation of
C
60
and
C
70

Electrochemistry of the Higher Fullerenes,
C
76
,
C
78
,
C
82
, and
C
84

Reduction and Oxidation of
C
76

Reduction and Oxidation of
C
78

Reduction and Oxidation of
C
82

Reduction and Oxidation of
C
84

Electrochemistry of
C
60
Derivatives

Singly Bonded Functionalized Derivatives of
C
60

Hydrofullerenes

Alkylfullerenes

Fluorofullerenes

Other Singly Bonded Derivatives

Cycloaddition Products

C
60
Electron‐acceptor Cycloadducts

C
60
‐Electron Donor Cycloadducts

Cyclopropanated Derivatives of
C
60

C
‐bridged Cyclopropanated Derivatives: Methanofullerenes and Fulleroids

Other Cyclopropanated Derivatives of
C
60

C
60
‐dimers

Electrochemistry of
C
70
Derivatives

Electrochemistry of
C
76
,
C
78
, and
C
84
Derivatives

Electrosynthesis

Electrosynthesis of
C
60
and
C
70
Derivatives

Electrochemically Induced Retro‐cyclopropanation Reactions
Cover Picture: High Definition Digital Fabrication of Active Organic Devices by Molecular Jet Printing (Adv. Funct. Mater. 15/2007)
Authors: Chen J. , Leblanc V. , Kang S. H. , Benning P. J. , Schut D. , Baldo M. A. , Schmidt M. A. , Bulović V. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractA new method for direct patterning of organic optoelectronic/electronic devices using a reconfigurable and scalable printing method is reported by Vladimir Bulovic and co‐workers on p. 2722. The printing technique is applied to the fabrication of high‐resolution printed organic light emitting devices (OLEDs) and organic field effect transistors (OFETs). Remarkably, the final print‐deposited films are evaporated onto the substrate (rather than solvent printed), giving high‐quality, solvent‐free, molecularly flat structures that match the performance of comparable high‐performance unpatterned films.We introduce a high resolution molecular jet (MoJet) printing technique for vacuum deposition of evaporated thin films and apply it to fabrication of 30 μm pixelated (800 ppi) molecular organic light emitting devices (OLEDs) based on aluminum tris(8‐hydroxyquinoline) (Alq3) and fabrication of narrow channel (15 μm) organic field effect transistors (OFETs) with pentacene channel and silver contacts. Patterned printing of both organic and metal films is demonstrated, with the operating properties of MoJet‐printed OLEDs and OFETs shown to be comparable to the performance of devices fabricated by conventional evaporative deposition through a metal stencil. We show that the MoJet printing technique is reconfigurable for digital fabrication of arbitrary patterns with multiple material sets and high print accuracy (of better than 5 μm), and scalable to fabrication on large area substrates. Analogous to the concept of “drop‐on‐demand” in Inkjet printing technology, MoJet printing is a “flux‐on‐demand” process and we show it capable of fabricating multi‐layer stacked film structures, as needed for engineered organic devices.
Inside Front Cover: One‐Pot Synthesis and Hierarchical Assembly of Hollow Cu2O Microspheres with Nanocrystals‐Composed Porous Multishell and Their Gas‐Sensing Properties (Adv. Funct. Mater. 15/2007)
Authors: Zhang H. , Zhu Q. , Zhang Y. , Wang Y. , Zhao L. , Yu B. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractOn p. 2766, Qinshan Zhu and co‐workers report on multishell hollow Cu2O microspheres that are synthesized by a facile and one‐pot solvothermal route. A two‐step organization process, in which hollow microspheres of Cu2(OH)3NO3 are formed first followed by reduction to Cu2O by glutamic acid, leads to the special multishell and hollow microstructures. Interestingly, a Cu2O gas sensor fabricated with the multishell microspheres shows a much higher sensitivity to ethanol than solid Cu2O microspheres.Hierarchical assembly of hollow microstructures is of great scientific and practical value and remains a great challenge. This paper presents a facile and one‐pot synthesis of Cu2O microspheres with multilayered and porous shells, which were organized by nanocrystals. The time‐dependent experiments revealed a two‐step organization process, in which hollow microspheres of Cu2(OH)3NO3 were formed first due to the Ostwald ripening and then reduced by glutamic acid, the resultant Cu2O nanocrystals were deposited on the hollow intermediate microspheres and organized into finally multishell structures. The special microstructures actually recorded the evolution process of materials morphologies and microstructures in space and time scales, implying an intermediate‐templating route, which is important for understanding and fabricating complex architectures. The Cu2O microspheres obtained were used to fabricate a gas sensor, which showed much higher sensitivity than solid Cu2O microspheres.
Unprecedented Effects of Additives and Ligand‐to‐Metal Ratio on the Enantiofacial Selection of Copper‐Catalyzed Alkynylation of α‐Imino Ester with Arylacetylenes
Authors: Shao Zhihui , Wang Jun , Ding Kai , Chan Albert S. C. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe first catalytic asymmetric addition of arylacetylenes to α‐imino esters was carried out using chiral copper(I) complexes as catalysts under mild reaction conditions, providing the corresponding alkynylation products in good yields with 67–74 % ee values. Profound effects of the ligand‐to‐metal ratio and additives on the stereofacial selection were observed. Both enantiomers of a given product can be obtained with almost identical enantiomeric excess using the same chiral ligand by adjusting the ligand‐to‐metal ratio.
Abnormal T‐cell reactivities in childhood inflammatory demyelinating disease and type 1 diabetes
Authors: Banwell Brenda , Bar‐Or Amit , Cheung Roy , Kennedy Julia , Krupp Lauren B. , Becker Dorothy J. , Dosch Hans‐Michael 
Published: October 2007

AbstractObjectivesPediatric‐onset multiple sclerosis offers a unique window into early targets and mechanisms of immune dysregulation. It is unknown whether heightened T‐cell reactivities documented in adult patients, to both target‐organ and environmental antigens, emerge in parallel or develop as early or late events. Our objectives were to determine the presence, pattern, and specificity of abnormal T‐cell reactivities to such antigens in the earliest stages of the multiple sclerosis process.MethodsPeripheral T‐cell proliferative responses to self‐, dietary, and control antigens were blindly evaluated in a large cohort of well‐characterized children (n = 172) with central nervous system (CNS) inflammatory demyelination (n = 63), recent‐onset type 1 (insulin‐dependent) diabetes mellitus (T1D; n = 41), nonautoimmune neurological conditions (n = 39), and healthy children (n = 29).ResultsChildren with inflammatory demyelination, CNS injury, and T1D exhibited heightened T‐cell reactivities to self‐antigens, and these responses were not strictly limited to the disease target organs. Children with autoimmune disease and CNS injury also exhibited abnormal T‐cell responses against multiple cow‐milk proteins. Responses to specific milk epitopes distinguished T1D from inflammatory demyelination and other neurological diseases.InterpretationAbnormal T‐cell reactivities to self‐ and environmental antigens manifest in the earliest clinical stages of inflammatory demyelination and T1D. The pattern of heightened T‐cell reactivities implicates both shared and distinct mechanisms of immune dysregulation in the different autoimmune diseases. Abnormal T‐cell responses in children with tissue injury challenge the prevailing view that CNS autoreactive cells inherently mediate the disease in early multiple sclerosis. Ann Neurol 2007
Application of palladacycle catalyst in the synthesis of mono‐arylpyridyl bromides
Authors: Zhang Jinli , Wu Yangjie , Zhu ZhiWu , Ren Gerui , Mak Thomas C. W. , Song Maoping 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe mono‐arylpyridyl bromides are very useful key intermediates that can be further functionalized to generate bioactive compounds. It is possible to obtain mono‐arylation products of 3,5‐dibromopyridine with high preferentiality and high yields by air‐ and moisture‐stable palladacycle (catalyst II) catalyzed Suzuki reaction of 3,5‐dibromopyridine with a series of arylboronic acids—ester under the conditions of K2CO3–toluene–methanol (4:1, v/v), reflux (75 °C), 5.6 equiv. of 3,5‐dibromopyridine with the ratio (mono:bis) ranging from of 99:1 to 90:10. This new method could also be used to easily achieve pyridylpyridyl bond formation to afford 3‐bromo‐5‐pyridylpyridine (3j). Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.