bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sequential mediation analysis of physical activity, healthy diet, BMI, and academic burnout in the Pakistani educational landscape
Authors: Rehman Shazia , Addas Abdullah , Rahman Md Anisur , Shahiman Muhammad Ali , Li Zexuan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractResearch has indicated a negative impact of physical activity on academic burnout among students, however, there is a paucity of evidence about the underlying mechanism of this association in Pakistani students. The present research seeks to investigate the relationship between physical activity and academic burnout by investigating the potential mediating effects of adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) and body mass index (BMI). A sample of 596 students using a cross-sectional survey design was gathered from two public universities (Riphah International University and Mohammed Ali Jinnah University) in Rawalpindi, Pakistan from June to July 2022. The study participants were asked to fill out the Physical Activity Rating Scale-3, the Learning Burnout Scale, and the Test of Adherence to MD questionnaires. The study employed descriptive, bivariate, and path analysis through regression utilizing the SPSS software version 27. The findings demonstrated a negative correlation between academic burnout and BMI, physical activity, and adherence to the MD. The relationship between physical activity and academic burnout was mediated by BMI. Physical activity and academic burnout were inversely correlated, with adherence to the MD and BMI interacting as sequential mediators. The outcomes of this research have expanded our knowledge of the association between physical activity and academic burnout and have suggested crucial and appropriate strategies for addressing student academic burnout.
A household survey of the prevalence of subjective cognitive decline and mild cognitive impairment among urban community-dwelling adults aged 30 to 65
Authors: Pinyopornpanish Kanokporn , Buawangpong Nida , Soontornpun Atiwat , Thaikla Kanittha , Pateekhum Chanapat , Nantsupawat Nopakoon , Wiwatkunupakarn Nutchar , Jiraporncharoen Wichuda , Angkurawaranon Chaisiri 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWhile it is possible to detect cognitive decline before the age of 60, and there is a report indicating that certain cognitive abilities peak in one's 30s, the evidence regarding cognitive problems in populations younger than 65 years is scarce. This study aims to (1) determine the proportion of community-dwelling adults with different cognitive status, and (2) determine the prevalence of neuropsychiatric behaviors. A population-based survey was conducted in Chiang Mai, Thailand. Individuals aged 30 to 65 were recruited and assessed for demographic data, memory complaints, cognitive performance, and neuropsychiatric symptoms using self-reported questionnaires. In a total of 539 participants, 33.95% had mild cognitive impairment (MCI), 7.05% had subjective cognitive decline (SCD), and 52.50% had neuropsychiatric symptoms. The risk of MCI increased with age, and neuropsychiatric symptoms were significantly higher in those with MCI or SCD than in those without (p < 0.001). The most common complaints were sleep problems, anxiety, and irritability. Screening for MCI in adults aged < 65 years might be useful. However, further investigation on the appropriate age to screen and the program’s cost-effectiveness is suggested.
Expression of the Arabidopsis redox-related LEA protein, SAG21 is regulated by ERF, NAC and WRKY transcription factors
Authors: Evans Kelly V. , Ransom Elspeth , Nayakoti Swapna , Wilding Ben , Mohd Salleh Faezah , Gržina Irena , Erber Lieselotte , Tse Carmen , Hill Claire , Polanski Krzysztof , Holland Alistair , Bukhat Sherien , Herbert Robert J. , de Graaf Barend H. J. , Denby Katherine , Buchanan-Wollaston Vicky , Rogers Hilary J. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSAG21/LEA5 is an unusual late embryogenesis abundant protein in Arabidopsis thaliana, that is primarily mitochondrially located and may be important in regulating translation in both chloroplasts and mitochondria. SAG21 expression is regulated by a plethora of abiotic and biotic stresses and plant growth regulators indicating a complex regulatory network. To identify key transcription factors regulating SAG21 expression, yeast-1-hybrid screens were used to identify transcription factors that bind the 1685 bp upstream of the SAG21 translational start site. Thirty-three transcription factors from nine different families bound to the SAG21 promoter, including members of the ERF, WRKY and NAC families. Key binding sites for both NAC and WRKY transcription factors were tested through site directed mutagenesis indicating the presence of cryptic binding sites for both these transcription factor families. Co-expression in protoplasts confirmed the activation of SAG21 by WRKY63/ABO3, and SAG21 upregulation elicited by oligogalacturonide elicitors was partially dependent on WRKY63, indicating its role in SAG21 pathogen responses. SAG21 upregulation by ethylene was abolished in the erf1 mutant, while wound-induced SAG21 expression was abolished in anac71 mutants, indicating SAG21 expression can be regulated by several distinct transcription factors depending on the stress condition.
Seasonal diet partition among top predators of a small island, Iriomote Island in the Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan
Authors: Tobe Alisa , Sato Yukuto , Wachi Nakatada , Nakanishi Nozomi , Izawa Masako 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSmall islands tend to lack predators because species at higher trophic levels often cannot survive. However, two exceptional top predators—the Iriomote cat Prionailurus bengalensis iriomotensis, and the Crested Serpent Eagle Spilornis cheela perplexus—live on the small Iriomote Island in the Ryukyu Archipelago. To understand how these predators coexist with limited resources, we focused on their seasonal diets between which conflicts are considered to occur. To compare the diets, we used DNA metabarcoding analysis of faecal samples. In the summer, we identified 16 unique prey items from Iriomote cat faecal samples and 15 unique prey items from Crested Serpent Eagle faecal samples. In the winter, we identified 37 and 14, respectively. Using a non-metric multidimensional scaling and a permutational multivariate analysis of variance, our study reveals significant differences in the diet composition at the order level between the predators during both seasons. Furthermore, although some prey items at the species-to-order level overlapped between them, the frequency of occurrence of most prey items differed in both seasons. These results suggest that this difference in diets is one of the reasons why the Iriomote cat and the Crested Serpent Eagle are able to coexist on such a small island.
Network analysis of anxiety and depressive symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic in older adults in the United Kingdom
Authors: Ramos-Vera Cristian , García O’Diana Angel , Basauri-Delgado Miguel , Calizaya-Milla Yaquelin E. , Saintila Jacksaint 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe health crisis caused by COVID-19 in the United Kingdom and the confinement measures that were subsequently implemented had unprecedented effects on the mental health of older adults, leading to the emergence and exacerbation of different comorbid symptoms including depression and anxiety. This study examined and compared depression and anxiety symptom networks in two specific quarantine periods (June–July and November–December) in the older adult population in the United Kingdom. We used the database of the English Longitudinal Study of Aging COVID-19 Substudy, consisting of 5797 participants in the first stage (54% women) and 6512 participants in the second stage (56% women), all over 50 years of age. The symptoms with the highest centrality in both times were: “Nervousness (A1)” and “Inability to relax (A4)” in expected influence and predictability, and “depressed mood (D1”; bridging expected influence). The latter measure along with "Irritability (A6)" overlapped in both depression and anxiety clusters in both networks. In addition, a the cross-lagged panel network model was examined in which a more significant influence on the direction of the symptom "Nervousness (A1)" by the depressive symptoms of "Anhedonia (D6)", "Hopelessness (D7)", and "Sleep problems (D3)" was observed; the latter measure has the highest predictive capability of the network. The results report which symptoms had a higher degree of centrality and transdiagnostic overlap in the cross-sectional networks (invariants) and the cross-lagged panel network model of anxious and depressive symptomatology.
Conspecific interactions predict social transmission of fear in female rats
Authors: Seese Sydney , Tinsley Carolyn E. , Wulffraat Grace , Hixon J. Gregory , Monfils Marie-H. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSocial transmission of fear occurs in a subset of individuals, where an Observer displays a fear response to a previously neutral stimulus after witnessing or interacting with a conspecific Demonstrator during memory retrieval. The conditions under which fear can be acquired socially in rats have received attention in recent years, and suggest that social factors modulate social transmission of information. We previously found that one such factor, social rank, impacts fear conditioning by proxy in male rats. Here, we aimed to investigate whether social roles as determined by nape contacts in females, might also have an influence on social transmission of fear. In-line with previous findings in males, we found that social interactions in the home cage can provide insight into the social relationship between female rats and that these relationships predict the degree of fear acquired by-proxy. These results suggest that play behavior affects the social transfer/transmission of information in female rats.
BioBBC: a multi-feature model that enhances the detection of biomedical entities
Authors: Alamro Hind , Gojobori Takashi , Essack Magbubah , Gao Xin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe rapid increase in biomedical publications necessitates efficient systems to automatically handle Biomedical Named Entity Recognition (BioNER) tasks in unstructured text. However, accurately detecting biomedical entities is quite challenging due to the complexity of their names and the frequent use of abbreviations. In this paper, we propose BioBBC, a deep learning (DL) model that utilizes multi-feature embeddings and is constructed based on the BERT-BiLSTM-CRF to address the BioNER task. BioBBC consists of three main layers; an embedding layer, a Long Short-Term Memory (Bi-LSTM) layer, and a Conditional Random Fields (CRF) layer. BioBBC takes sentences from the biomedical domain as input and identifies the biomedical entities mentioned within the text. The embedding layer generates enriched contextual representation vectors of the input by learning the text through four types of embeddings: part-of-speech tags (POS tags) embedding, char-level embedding, BERT embedding, and data-specific embedding. The BiLSTM layer produces additional syntactic and semantic feature representations. Finally, the CRF layer identifies the best possible tag sequence for the input sentence. Our model is well-constructed and well-optimized for detecting different types of biomedical entities. Based on experimental results, our model outperformed state-of-the-art (SOTA) models with significant improvements based on six benchmark BioNER datasets.
Stability of soil slope in Almaty covered with steel slag under the effect of rainfall
Authors: Abishev Rezat , Satyanaga Alfrendo , Pernebekova Gulnur , Rahardjo Harianto , Zhai Qian , Shon Chang-Seon , Moon Sung-Woo , Kim Jong 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe issue of rainfall-induced slope failure has attracted more attention from geotechnical engineers as a consequence of global warming. Current cumulative waste disposal has generated scientific interest in the utilization of waste materials in geotechnical design for climate change adaptation measures. Taking into consideration the effect of slope height and angle, steel slag—a waste product derived from the production of steel—was investigated as a slope cover against rainfall. To assess the stability of the slope and the infiltration of water into the soil, numerical analyses were conducted using both SEEP/W and SLOPE/W software in conjunction with rainfall conditions. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that increasing the slope's elevation and inclination will have an adverse effect on its safety factor. Steel slag can nevertheless be utilized for minimizing rainwater infiltration into the slope, as indicated by the pore-water pressure variations and graphs of the safety factor versus time. For a 20-m slope height, steel slag slopes have demonstrated a lower factor of safety difference in comparison to the initial slope without remediation. Regardless of slope angle and slope height, the safety factor reduces marginally during rainfall.
A combination of virtual screening, molecular dynamics simulation, MM/PBSA, ADMET, and DFT calculations to identify a potential DPP4 inhibitor
Authors: Zare Fateme , Ataollahi Elaheh , Mardaneh Pegah , Sakhteman Amirhossein , Keshavarz Valiollah , Solhjoo Aida , Emami Leila 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDPP4 inhibitors can control glucose homeostasis by increasing the level of GLP-1 incretins hormone due to dipeptidase mimicking. Despite the potent effects of DPP4 inhibitors, these compounds cause unwanted toxicity attributable to their effect on other enzymes. As a result, it seems essential to find novel and DPP4 selective compounds. In this study, we introduce a potent and selective DPP4 inhibitor via structure-based virtual screening, molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation, MM/PBSA calculations, DFT analysis, and ADMET profile. The screened compounds based on similarity with FDA-approved DPP4 inhibitors were docked towards the DPP4 enzyme. The compound with the highest docking score, ZINC000003015356, was selected. For further considerations, molecular docking studies were performed on selected ligands and FDA-approved drugs for DPP8 and DPP9 enzymes. Molecular dynamics simulation was run during 200 ns and the analysis of RMSD, RMSF, Rg, PCA, and hydrogen bonding were performed. The MD outputs showed stability of the ligand–protein complex compared to available drugs in the market. The total free binding energy obtained for the proposed DPP4 inhibitor was more negative than its co-crystal ligand (N7F). ZINC000003015356 confirmed the role of the five Lipinski rule and also, have low toxicity parameter according to properties. Finally, DFT calculations indicated that this compound is sufficiently soft.
An AGO10:miR165/6 module regulates meristem activity and xylem development in the Arabidopsis root
Authors: Mirlohi Shirin , Schott Gregory , Imboden André , Voinnet Olivier 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe RNA-silencing effector ARGONAUTE10 influences cell fate in plant shoot and floral meristems. ARGONAUTE10 also accumulates in the root apical meristem (RAM), yet its function(s) therein remain elusive. Here, we show that ARGONAUTE10 is expressed in the root cell initials where it controls overall RAM activity and length. ARGONAUTE10 is also expressed in the stele, where post-transcriptional regulation confines it to the root tip’s pro-vascular region. There, variations in ARGONAUTE10 levels modulate metaxylem-vs-protoxylem specification. Both ARGONAUTE10 functions entail its selective, high-affinity binding to mobile miR165/166 transcribed in the neighboring endodermis. ARGONAUTE10-bound miR165/166 is degraded, likely via SMALL-RNA-DEGRADING-NUCLEASES1/2, thus reducing miR165/166 ability to silence, via ARGONAUTE1, the transcripts of cell fate-influencing transcription factors. These include PHABULOSA (PHB), which controls meristem activity in the initials and xylem differentiation in the pro-vasculature. During early germination, PHB transcription increases while dynamic, spatially-restricted transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms reduce and confine ARGONAUTE10 accumulation to the provascular cells surrounding the newly-forming xylem axis. Adequate miR165/166 concentrations are thereby channeled along the ARGONAUTE10-deficient yet ARGONAUTE1-proficient axis. Consequently, inversely-correlated miR165/166 and PHB gradients form preferentially along the axis despite ubiquitous PHB transcription and widespread miR165/166 delivery inside the whole vascular cylinder.
LATS1 controls CTCF chromatin occupancy and hormonal response of 3D-grown breast cancer cells
Authors: Ramírez-Cuéllar Julieta , Ferrari Roberto , Sanz Rosario T , Valverde-Santiago Marta , García-García Judith , Nacht A Silvina , Castillo David , Le Dily Francois , Neguembor Maria Victoria , Malatesta Marco , Bonnin Sarah , Marti-Renom Marc A , Beato Miguel , Vicent Guillermo P 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe cancer epigenome has been studied in cells cultured in two-dimensional (2D) monolayers, but recent studies highlight the impact of the extracellular matrix and the three-dimensional (3D) environment on multiple cellular functions. Here, we report the physical, biochemical, and genomic differences between T47D breast cancer cells cultured in 2D and as 3D spheroids. Cells within 3D spheroids exhibit a rounder nucleus with less accessible, more compacted chromatin, as well as altered expression of ~2000 genes, the majority of which become repressed. Hi-C analysis reveals that cells in 3D are enriched for regions belonging to the B compartment, have decreased chromatin-bound CTCF and increased fusion of topologically associating domains (TADs). Upregulation of the Hippo pathway in 3D spheroids results in the activation of the LATS1 kinase, which promotes phosphorylation and displacement of CTCF from DNA, thereby likely causing the observed TAD fusions. 3D cells show higher chromatin binding of progesterone receptor (PR), leading to an increase in the number of hormone-regulated genes. This effect is in part mediated by LATS1 activation, which favors cytoplasmic retention of YAP and CTCF removal.
MolPhase, an advanced prediction algorithm for protein phase separation
Authors: Liang Qiyu , Peng Nana , Xie Yi , Kumar Nivedita , Gao Weibo , Miao Yansong 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWe introduce MolPhase, an advanced algorithm for predicting protein phase separation (PS) behavior that improves accuracy and reliability by utilizing diverse physicochemical features and extensive experimental datasets. MolPhase applies a user-friendly interface to compare distinct biophysical features side-by-side along protein sequences. By additional comparison with structural predictions, MolPhase enables efficient predictions of new phase-separating proteins and guides hypothesis generation and experimental design. Key contributing factors underlying MolPhase include electrostatic pi-interactions, disorder, and prion-like domains. As an example, MolPhase finds that phytobacterial type III effectors (T3Es) are highly prone to homotypic PS, which was experimentally validated in vitro biochemically and in vivo in plants, mimicking their injection and accumulation in the host during microbial infection. The physicochemical characteristics of T3Es dictate their patterns of association for multivalent interactions, influencing the material properties of phase-separating droplets based on the surrounding microenvironment in vivo or in vitro. Robust integration of MolPhase’s effective prediction and experimental validation exhibit the potential to evaluate and explore how biomolecule PS functions in biological systems.
Aktualisierte Leitlinien für Herzpatienten mit Diabetes
Authors: Gollmer Johannes , Zirlik Andreas , Bugger Heiko 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIndividuals with type 2 diabetes are subjected to a disproportionately increased risk for development and progression of cardiovascular disease. Positive outcomes of recent clinical trials have led to the introduction of seminal novel therapeutic options for patients with type 2 diabetes and accompanying cardiovascular risk factors and disease. Consequently, the European Society of Cardiology published an update of the existing guideline for the management of these patients. The aim of this article is to provide a simplified and pragmatic algorithm for diagnostics and treatment for the vast majority of patients with type 2 diabetes, based on current guideline recommendations.
„Ich möchte nur da sein dürfen“
Authors: Stifft-Beyer Ulrike 
Published: April 2024

SummaryAnscheinend wie aus heiterem Himmel, erleidet eine Klientin mittleren Alters eine heftige Panikattacke mit Einlieferung in die Notaufnahme, worauf sie wiederholt Rezidive erleidet und sich aus ihrem Umfeld zunehmend zurückzieht. Wie sich im Therapieverlauf zeigt, liegt dem Angstgeschehen der verinnerlichte Glaubenssatz „Ich bin es nicht wert, hier zu sein“ zugrunde, der auf traumatischen Erfahrungen durch die Mutter beruht. Im Rahmen einer Gesprächstherapie nach Rogers – fußend auf den Säulen Akzeptanz, Einfühlung und Echtheit –, der Arbeit mit Glaubenssätzen und einer EMDR-Traumatherapie kann die Klientin den Zusammenhang erkennen, Selbstakzeptanz aufbauen und die Panik vollständig überwinden.
Injury Risk Analysis among Judo Athletes with Intellectual
Disabilities
Authors: Morales Jose , Iteya Misaki , Mulroy James , Kons Rafael , Simenko Jozef , Fukuda David H. , Escobar-Molina Raquel , Guerra-Balic Myriam , Pierantozzi Emanuela , Moragas Marta 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe main aim of this study was to evaluate injury prevalence, incidence rate, and
burden in judo athletes with intellectual disabilities (ID) who participate in
international competitions. This retrospective cross-sectional study analyzed
data from the past year for 182 judo athletes with ID. Data was collected using
a self-reported questionnaire, adapted from previous research, that included
questions about injuries impacting training or competition, injury type,
mechanism, severity, diagnosis, and location on the body. The injury prevalence
among judo athletes with ID occurred most often during training (68.2%) and
primarily affected the lower extremities (35%). Age group and injury prevalence
were significantly related (χ2=7.91; P=0.04), while gender,
weight, and ability level were not. Results were closer to those previously
reported for conventional judo, which is likely due to the lower practice
intensity among judo athletes with ID. Injury prevalence was lower than in prior
studies, but the incidence rates aligned when considering training time in judo
athletes with ID. Injury burden analysis revealed that females had a lower
burden than males, while older athletes experienced a higher burden than younger
athletes. Most injuries occur during training, which is likely attributable to
safety-focused competition rules.