bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Earnings management in the post‐IPO years and their impact on the long‐run stock performance of foreign versus domestic IPO firms
Authors: Haman Janto , Lu Wei , Naidu Dharmendra 
Published: February 2024

AbstractUsing a matched sample of foreign and domestic IPO firm listings on US stock exchanges, we find that foreign IPO firms are associated with significantly higher upward earnings management via discretionary (abnormal) long‐term accruals in the first 2 years post‐IPO year, and lower long‐run stock returns in the 3 years post‐listing, compared to US domestic IPO firms. Our results also show that the lower long‐run stock returns of foreign IPO firms are associated with their higher discretionary long‐term accruals. We provide further evidence that institutional investors can mitigate lower long‐run stock returns of foreign IPO firms compared with US domestic IPO firms.
Global cryptocurrency use, corruption, and the shadow economy: New insights into the underlying linkages
Authors: Berdiev Aziz N. , Goel Rajeev K. , Saunoris James W. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe recent prevalence of digital currencies has challenged policymakers as they try to control the supply of money and rein in clandestine activities. Corruption and shadow economy are widely prevalent illegal/unobserved activities that have been hard to eliminate worldwide. These longstanding and entrenched activities have possibly found a new avenue to thrive and evade detection/punishment. So disentangling the nexus between corruption, shadow economy, and digital currencies is important. Using recent cross‐country data, this paper analyzes the interrelationships between corruption, shadow economy, and cryptocurrencies. We argue that a large underground sector in a nation provides a mechanism through which corrupt government officials use cryptocurrencies to conceal their unauthorized earnings. Employing formal mediation analysis, our results show that the positive nexus between corruption and cryptocurrency adoption is mediated by the shadow sector. Quantitatively speaking, three‐fourths of the correlation between corruption and cryptocurrency usage is mediated by the shadow economy. The primary implication of our findings is that effective monitoring of cryptocurrencies should pay attention to policies to control both corruption and the shadow economy.
The commitment of farmers to traditional and hybrid cooperatives: Empirical evidence over a six‐year period
Authors: Hansen Rebecca , Hess Sebastian , Nilsson Jerker , Ollila Petri 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the commitment of farmer members to traditional and hybrid cooperatives, and examines how and why their commitment has changed over time. The empirical basis consists of three surveys of representative samples of Finnish farmers conducted in 2010, 2013 and 2016. Dairy cooperatives in Finland have a traditional organizational form. Animal breeders deliver to hybrid cooperatives that have some external investors, but farmers have the majority of the votes. In both industries, the farmers are committed to their cooperatives and increasingly so over the years. This is particularly true of dairy farmers. However, the members’ commitment is based more on their satisfaction with the cooperatives’ business activities rather than on any cohesion within the cooperative societies. One explanation for this is that primary agriculture is becoming more consolidated, with fewer but larger farms whose owners are business oriented and professional.
Evaluating how extended reality delivery device and preservice teacher major impact presence in immersive learning environments
Authors: Gandolfi Enrico , Ferdig Richard E. , Kosko Karl W. 
Published: February 2024

Teacher education has begun to embrace the use of 360 videos to improve preservice teachers' (PSTs) engagement and immersion. While recent research on such use is promising overall, there are specific questions that have been left unanswered about the construct of presence in 360 videos. More specifically, research has yet to fully explore how video delivery devices and PST characteristics may impact presence. The purpose of this study was to respond to this gap in the literature by examining PST major, delivery device (ie, head mounted display vs. flat screen), and the interaction between the two in informing presence. A total of 93 PSTs watched 360 videos and then completed a questionnaire. Findings indicated that presence in head‐mounted displays was related to emotions and agency. Conversely, presence with flat screens meant familiarity and control. Moreover, PST major was a predictor of presence, suggesting that 360 videos should be personalized according to PST career and professional goals. Finally, the interaction effect of preparing to teach K‐12 mathematics and wearing a head‐mounted display had a negative and statistically significant effect on participants' perceived presence, thus indicating a non‐cumulative effect.
Practitioner notesWhat is already known about this topic

360 videos are increasingly used to support preservice teacher training.
360 videos for teacher education foster immersion, presence, and noticing skills.
What this paper adds

Empirical evidence that 360 videos experienced with head‐mounted display facilitate agency and emotional involvement.
Empirical evidence that 360 videos experienced with flat screens facilitate feelings of control.
Data showed that preservice teachers' content area (math) was a positive predictor of presence in 360 videos.
Implications for practice and/or policy

Head‐mounted displays show promise as a delivery mode for 360 videos in teacher education.
360 videos should be personalized according to PST career and professional goals.
The eXtended Reality Presence Scale is confirmed as a robust instrument to measure presence in immersive environments.
More research is needed to evaluate the scalability of this approach in other contexts.
Genome‐wide association study of cardiometabolic multimorbidity in the UK Biobank
Authors: Zhao Chenxuan , Ma Tianqi , Cheng Xunjie , Zhang Guogang , Bai Yongping 
Published: February 2024

AbstractConsidering the high prevalence and poor prognosis of cardiometabolic multimorbidity (CMM), identifying causal factors and actively implementing preventive measures is crucial. However, Mendelian randomization (MR), a key method for identifying the causal factors of CMM, requires knowledge of the effects of SNPs on CMM, which remain unknown. We first analyzed the genetic overlap of single cardiometabolic diseases (CMDs) using the latest genome‐wide association study (GWAS) for evidential support and comparison. We observed strong positive genetic correlations and shared loci among all CMDs. Further, GWAS and post‐GWAS analyses of CMM were performed in 407 949 European ancestry individuals from the UK Biobank. Eleven loci and 12 lead SNPs were identified. By comparison, we found these SNPs were a subset of SNPs associated with CMDs, including both shared and non‐shared SNPs. Then, the polygenic risk score model predicted the risk of CMM (C‐index = 0.62) and we identified candidate genes related to lipid metabolism and immune function. Finally, as an example, two‐sample MR analysis based on the GWAS revealed potential causal effects of total cholesterol, serum urate, body mass index, and smoking on CMM. These results provide a basis for future MR research and inspire future studies on the mechanism and prevention of CMM.
Glycaemic control and macrovascular and microvascular outcomes: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of trials investigating intensive glucose‐lowering strategies in people with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Kunutsor Setor K. , Balasubramanian Victoria G. , Zaccardi Francesco , Gillies Clare L. , Aroda Vanita R. , Seidu Samuel , Khunti Kamlesh 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAimWe aimed to determine the macrovascular and microvascular outcomes of intensive versus standard glucose‐lowering strategies in type 2 diabetes (T2D) and investigate the relationships between these outcomes and trial arm glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) reduction.Materials and MethodsIn this systematic review and meta‐analysis, we identified relevant trials from MEDLINE, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and bibliographies up to August 2023. Macrovascular and microvascular outcomes, along with safety outcomes, were evaluated. Pooled study‐specific hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated, and meta‐regression was employed to analyse the relationships between outcomes and HbA1c reduction.ResultsWe included 11 unique RCTs involving 51 469 patients with T2D (intensive therapy, N = 26 691; standard therapy, N = 24 778). Intensive versus standard therapy reduced the risk of non‐fatal myocardial infarction (MI) (HR 0.84; 95% CI 0.75‐0.94) with no difference in the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (HR 0.97; 95% CI 0.92‐1.03) and other adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Intensive versus standard therapy reduced the risk of retinopathy (HR 0.85; 0.78‐0.93), nephropathy (HR 0.71; 0.58‐0.87) and composite microvascular outcomes (HR 0.88; 0.77‐1.00). Meta‐regression analyses showed modest evidence of inverse linear relationships between HbA1c reduction and the outcomes of major adverse cardiovascular events, non‐fatal MI, stroke and retinopathy, but these were not statistically significant.ConclusionsIn people with T2D, intensive glucose control was associated with a reduced risk of non‐fatal MI and several microvascular outcomes, particularly retinopathy and nephropathy. The lack of an effect of intensive glucose‐lowering on most macrovascular outcomes calls for a more comprehensive approach to managing cardiovascular risk factors alongside glycaemic control.
Clinically relevant stratification of patients with type 2 diabetes by using continuous glucose monitoring data
Authors: Shao Xiaopeng , Lu Jingyi , Tao Rui , Wu Liang , Wang Yaxin , Lu Wei , Li Hongru , Zhou Jian , Yu Xia 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAimThe wealth of data generated by continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) provides new opportunities for revealing heterogeneities in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We aimed to develop a method using CGM data to discover T2DM subtypes and investigate their relationship with clinical phenotypes and microvascular complications.MethodsThe data from 3119 patients with T2DM who wore blinded CGM at an academic medical centre was collected, and a glucose symbolic pattern (GSP) metric was created that combined knowledge‐based temporal abstraction with numerical vectorization. The k‐means clustering was applied to GSP to obtain subgroups of patients with T2DM. Clinical characteristics and the presence of diabetic retinopathy and albuminuria were compared among the subgroups. The findings were validated in an independent population comprising 773 patients with T2DM.ResultsBy using GSP, four subgroups were identified with distinct features in CGM profiles and parameters. Moreover, the clustered subgroups differed significantly in clinical phenotypes, including indices of pancreatic β‐cell function and insulin resistance (all p < .001). After adjusting for confounders, group C (the most insulin resistant) had a significantly higher risk of albuminuria (odds ratio = 1.24, 95% confidence interval: 1.03‐1.39) relative to group D, which had the best glucose control. These findings were confirmed in the validation set.ConclusionSubtyping patients with T2DM using CGM data may help identify high‐risk patients for microvascular complications and provide insights into the underlying pathophysiology. This method may help refine clinically meaningful stratification of patients with T2DM and inform personalized diabetes care.
The anterior retrosplenial cortex is required for short‐term object in place recognition memory retrieval: Role of ionotropic glutamate receptors in male and female Long–Evans rats
Authors: McElroy Dan L. , Sabir Hassaan , Glass Aiden E. , Greba Quentin , Howland John G. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe anterior retrosplenial cortex (aRSC) integrates multimodal sensory information into cohesive associative recognition memories. Little is known about how information is integrated during different learning phases (i.e., encoding and retrieval). Additionally, sex differences are observed in performance of some visuospatial memory tasks; however, inconsistent findings warrant more research. We conducted three experiments using the 1‐h delay object‐in‐place (1‐h OiP) test to assess recognition memory retrieval in male and female Long–Evans rats. (i) We found both sexes performed equally in three repeated 1‐h OiP test sessions. (ii) We showed infusions of a mixture of muscimol/baclofen (GABAA/B receptor agonists) into the aRSC ~15‐min prior to the test phase disrupted 1‐h OiP in both sexes. (iii) We assessed the role of aRSC ionotropic glutamate receptors in 1‐h OiP retrieval using another squad of cannulated rats and confirmed that infusions of either the competitive AMPA/Kainate receptor antagonist CNQX (3 mM) or competitive NMDA receptor antagonist AP‐5 (30 mM) (volumes = 0.50 uL/side) significantly impaired 1‐h OiP retrieval in both sexes compared to controls. Taken together, findings challenge reported sex differences and clearly establish a role for aRSC ionotropic glutamate receptors in short‐term visuospatial recognition memory retrieval. Thus, modulating neural activity in the aRSC may alleviate some memory processing impairments in related disorders.
Genotype–phenotype associations in 1018 individuals with SCN1A‐related epilepsies
Authors: Gallagher Declan , Pérez‐Palma Eduardo , Bruenger Tobias , Ghanty Ismael , Brilstra Eva , Ceulemans Berten , Chemaly Nicole , de Lange Iris , Depienne Christel , Guerrini Renzo , Mei Davide , Møller Rikke S. , Nabbout Rima , Regan Brigid M. , Schneider Amy L. , Scheffer Ingrid E. , Schoonjans An‐Sofie , Symonds Joseph D. , Weckhuysen Sarah , Zuberi Sameer M. , Lal Dennis , Brunklaus Andreas 
Published: February 2024

AbstractObjectiveSCN1A variants are associated with epilepsy syndromes ranging from mild genetic epilepsy with febrile seizures plus (GEFS+) to severe Dravet syndrome (DS). Many variants are de novo, making early phenotype prediction difficult, and genotype–phenotype associations remain poorly understood.MethodsWe assessed data from a retrospective cohort of 1018 individuals with SCN1A‐related epilepsies. We explored relationships between variant characteristics (position, in silico prediction scores: Combined Annotation Dependent Depletion (CADD), Rare Exome Variant Ensemble Learner (REVEL), SCN1A genetic score), seizure characteristics, and epilepsy phenotype.ResultsDS had earlier seizure onset than other GEFS+ phenotypes (5.3 vs. 12.0 months, p < .001). In silico variant scores were higher in DS versus GEFS+ (p < .001). Patients with missense variants in functionally important regions (conserved N‐terminus, S4–S6) exhibited earlier seizure onset (6.0 vs. 7.0 months, p = .003) and were more likely to have DS (280/340); those with missense variants in nonconserved regions had later onset (10.0 vs. 7.0 months, p = .036) and were more likely to have GEFS+ (15/29, χ2 = 19.16, p < .001). A minority of protein‐truncating variants were associated with GEFS+ (10/393) and more likely to be located in the proximal first and last exon coding regions than elsewhere in the gene (9.7% vs. 1.0%, p < .001). Carriers of the same missense variant exhibited less variability in age at seizure onset compared with carriers of different missense variants for both DS (1.9 vs. 2.9 months, p = .001) and GEFS+ (8.0 vs. 11.0 months, p = .043). Status epilepticus as presenting seizure type is a highly specific (95.2%) but nonsensitive (32.7%) feature of DS.SignificanceUnderstanding genotype–phenotype associations in SCN1A‐related epilepsies is critical for early diagnosis and management. We demonstrate an earlier disease onset in patients with missense variants in important functional regions, the occurrence of GEFS+ truncating variants, and the value of in silico prediction scores. Status epilepticus as initial seizure type is a highly specific, but not sensitive, early feature of DS.
Efficacy and safety of corticosteroids and ACTH in epileptic syndromes beyond Infantile Epileptic Spasms Syndrome (IESS): A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Korinthenberg Rudolf , Bast Thomas , Haberlandt Edda , Stephani Ulrich , Strzelczyk Adam , Rücker Gerta 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWe conducted a systematic review investigating the efficacy and tolerability of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and corticosteroids in children with epilepsies other than infantile epileptic spasm syndrome (IESS) that are resistant to anti‐seizure medication (ASM). We included retrospective and prospective studies reporting on more than five patients and with clear case definitions and descriptions of treatment and outcome measures. We searched multiple databases and registries, and we assessed the risk of bias in the selected studies using a questionnaire based on published templates. Results were summarized with meta‐analyses that pooled logit‐transformed proportions or rates. Subgroup analyses and univariable and multivariable meta‐regressions were performed to examine the influence of covariates. We included 38 studies (2 controlled and 5 uncontrolled prospective; 31 retrospective) involving 1152 patients. Meta‐analysis of aggregate data for the primary outcomes of seizure response and reduction of electroencephalography (EEG) spikes at the end of treatment yielded pooled proportions (PPs) of 0.60 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.52–0.67) and 0.56 (95% CI 0.43–0.68). The relapse rate was high (PP 0.33, 95% CI 0.27–0.40). Group analyses and meta‐regression showed a small benefit of ACTH and no difference between all other corticosteroids, a slightly better effect in electric status epilepticus in slow sleep (ESES) and a weaker effect in patients with cognitive impairment and “symptomatic” etiology. Obesity and Cushing's syndrome were the most common adverse effects, occurring more frequently in trials addressing continuous ACTH (PP 0.73, 95% CI 0.48–0.89) or corticosteroids (PP 0.72, 95% CI 0.54–0.85) than intermittent intravenous or oral corticosteroid administration (PP 0.05, 95% CI 0.02–0.10). The validity of these results is limited by the high risk of bias in most included studies and large heterogeneity among study results. This report was registered under International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) number CRD42022313846. We received no financial support.
Labor of love: Re‐membering dismembered bodies in community research
Authors: Ndlovu Hlengiwe 
Published: February 2024

AbstractEthnographic studies are practically invasive in nature in that they intrude into people's everyday experiences. It is therefore the duty of a researcher documenting experiences of women to pay attention to these forms of violence and undertake the labor of love that seeks to re‐member women's bodies and their stories in ways that restore their dignity and contribute to healing. African feminists have encouraged us to employ research methods that are able to engage stories of trauma and survival that are not triggering, invasive and limited. Intersectional feminism offers a qualitative analytical framework that aims at identifying the interlocked layered systems of oppression that affect the marginalized in society (Yuval‐Davis (2006). Similarly, in employing fragmented narrative as a methodology, there is a realization and acknowledgment of the superficiality of linear retelling as a mode of conveying psychological damage that exposes the relationship between silence, gesture and suffering in revisiting the site of trauma.
‘It f**ked me up bad, man … It f**ked my head up, bad, man, bad’: The impact of Covid‐19 on children's mental health and well‐being in the youth justice system
Authors: Smithson Hannah 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis article presents the findings from the United Kingdom's (UK's) first in‐depth exploration of the impacts of Covid‐19 on children at each stage of the youth justice system. Based on interviews with 140 youth justice professionals, participatory research with 40 children in custody and in the community, and a survey of all 157 youth offending teams in England and Wales, the research demonstrates that the pandemic increased the vulnerabilities of justice‐involved children; children who are routinely exposed to health anxieties, instability and inequalities, adverse experiences in the home, systemic racism and school exclusion. Professionals and children reported an increase in mental health illnesses such as anxiety and depression due to range of intersecting factors such as isolation, lack of socialising, lack of routine, lack of physical activity and poor sleep patterns. Post‐pandemic, there is an urgent need for a systemic commitment to addressing the mental health vulnerabilities of justice‐involved children.
Uptake of dental hygienist services by the Israeli 65+ age group
Authors: Natapov Lena , Berg‐Warman Ayelet , Schiffman Ile Kermel , Zusman Shlomo Paul 
Published: February 2024

AbstractObjectivesTo learn about the use patterns of dental hygienist services, by the 65+ age group in Israel and to identify the main barriers facing different population groups.MethodsTelephone interviews with a representative sample of 512 older adults aged 65 and over were conducted from February to April 2020.ResultsAbout 50% of the older adults aged 65 and over visited a dentist (2.9 visits on average) and 35% visited a dental hygienist in the year preceding the interviews. 17% reported never visiting a dentist and 45% never received care from a dental hygienist. Dental care use rates are lower in the outlying areas of the country, among non‐Jews and among those who find it difficult to cover monthly household expenses. Those who regularly visit a dental hygienist maintain a preventive oral health routine, including tooth brushing and visits to the dentist for periodic preventive check‐ups. They are aware of the harmful effects of eating sweets in between meals.Most of the older adults aged 65 and over are unaware of the reform under which hygienist’ care was included in the basket of services provided by health plans.ConclusionsThere is underutilization of dental hygienist services and lack of awareness of proper oral health behaviour in the lower socioeconomic group.As less than 50% of older adults are aware of the legal rights for dental care, there is a need to raise awareness of the reform and the services provided under it.