bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of laparoscopic ovarian drilling for polycystic ovary syndrome resistant to clomiphene citrate
Authors: Kato Mariko , Kikuchi Iwaho , Shimaniki Hiroto , Kobori Hiroyuki , Aida Takuya , Kitade Mari , Kumakiri Jun , Takeuchi Hiroyuki 
Published: April 2007

AbstractAim:  It is difficult to induce ovulation in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) resistant to clomiphene citrate (CC) because of the narrow safety margin of human menopausal gonadotropin preparations. In the present study, patients diagnosed as having PCOS according to the Japanese diagnostic criteria were divided into two groups (Groups H and N). Testosterone level was used as a cut‐off value between Groups H and N to examine the usefulness of laparoscopic ovarian drilling (LOD) to induce ovulation.Methods:  Thirty‐two women with PCOS resistant to CC who underwent LOD were evaluated. The patients were divided into a high and a normal androgen group (Groups H and N with 19 and 13 patients, respectively) based on the level of testosterone measured 1 week before surgery using a cut‐off value of 50 ng/dL. LOD was performed with microlaparoscopy under intravenous anesthesia.Results:  After LOD, spontaneous ovulation occurred in 16 (84.2%) and nine (69.2%) patients in Groups H and N, respectively. Additional treatment with CC was given to 12 (63.2%) and 11 (84.6%) patients, respectively. No significant difference was noted with regard to the spontaneous ovulation rate after LOD. Eighteen pregnancies were established in 17 patients (53.1%). The pregnancy rate after LOD was not significantly different between Groups H and N: 42.1% (8 patients) and 76.9% (10 patients), respectively.Conclusion:  Patients with PCOS as diagnosed based on the Japanese diagnostic criteria include those with increased and normal androgen levels. LOD is considered an effective ovulation induction method for both types of patients with PCOS.
An Overlooked Entente: Lord Malmesbury, Anglo‐French Relations and the Conservatives’ Recognition of the Second Empire, 1852
Authors: HICKS GEOFFREY 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThis article uses the third earl of Malmesbury's friendship with Louis Napoleon Bonaparte as a prism through which to view the Conservative Party's handling of Anglo‐French relations during the period when Bonaparte was cementing his hold over France. After noting the long‐term historiographical neglect of the subject, it explores Malmesbury's discussions with Louis Napoleon between 1848 and 1852, and indicates what they revealed about the assumptions underpinning Conservative foreign policy. It suggests that analysis of Malmesbury's role illuminates British domestic politics by placing his appointment to the Foreign Office in a clearer context than has been the case hitherto. It then examines the management of Conservative foreign policy in detail, describing how the 1852 Derby government recognized the new French empire and nurtured an Anglo‐French entente without alienating Russia, Austria or Prussia. This was a significant diplomatic and political achievement, helping to demonstrate that Conservative diplomacy had a distinct identity and that mid‐Victorian Britain did not view the world merely through a Whig or Palmerstonian lens. The article concludes that the events of 1852 represent an important and overlooked phase in the history of Anglo‐French relations.
Development of a practical photogrammetric network design using evolutionary computing
Authors: Olague Gustavo , Dunn Enrique 
Published: April 2007

Abstract Photogrammetric network design is the process of optimising a network configuration in terms of the accuracy of object points. This accuracy is improved by selecting the best set of intersection rays in a bundle adjustment. This paper explains the approach followed to achieve the development of a practical network design using a real robotic system. The aim is to integrate a simulation‐based network design into a practical vision metrology system. The simulation is carried out with a population search metaheuristic inspired by the evolutionary computing paradigm. The proposed approach uses an analytical criterion to search for a suitable first‐order design in a fraction of the computational time required by the evolutionary approach using a rigorous bundle adjustment. The combination of an evolutionary algorithm simulation with the very well‐established bundle adjustment provides a straightforward approach to network design. An example of a photogrammetric network design is provided to illustrate the result of a complete network design.
Semi‐automatic approach toward mapping of flat‐roofed buildings within a non‐stereoscopic environment
Authors: Avrahami Yair , Raizman Yuri , Doytsher Yerach 
Published: April 2007

Abstract In this paper, algorithms for semi‐automatic flat roof extraction are described which focus on extraction from panchromatic medium scale aerial images with a known model solution. The algorithms developed are based on a 2D approach to solving the 3D reality. In order to initialise the extraction, the operator needs to point, in the left image space, within a typical radiometric area of the desired roof to be extracted. This process defines the algorithm as semi‐automatic and from here on the process is fully automatic. The next stages include: extraction of a bounding contour in the left image space, calculation of the approximated height and transformation of the manual pointer from the left image to the right image space, extraction of a bounding contour in the right image space, simplification of the contours, an iterative process for precise height extraction and final mapping of the building. These algorithms can be employed in two ways, either as part of a fully automatic process when the pointers are extracted automatically, or standing alone so as to enable a new approach for semi‐automatic extraction within a non‐stereoscopic environment, without using 3D spectacles. In order to examine the efficiency of the algorithms, a semi‐automatic application for flat roof extraction was developed. Based on panchromatic images at a scale of 1:42 000 and scanned at 14 μm resolution, the results obtained are satisfactory with accuracies of 0·97 and 0·46 m for the planimetric and altimetric measurements, respectively. This paper presents the algorithms, the experiments and the results.
AN OPTIMAL REBUILDING STRATEGY FOR AN INCREMENTAL TREE PROBLEM
Authors: THIBAULT NICOLAS , LAFOREST CHRISTIAN 
Published: April 2007

This paper is devoted to the following incremental problem. Initially, a graph and a distinguished subset of vertices, called initial group, are given. This group is connected by an initial tree. The incremental part of the input is given by an on-line sequence of vertices of the graph, not yet in the current group, revealed on-line one after one. The goal is to connect each new member to the current tree, while satisfying a quality constraint: the average distance between members in each constructed tree must be kept in a given range compared to the best possible one. Under this quality constraint, our objectives are to minimize the number of critical stages and the number of elementary changes of the sequence of constructed trees. We call "critical" a stage where the inclusion of a new member implies heavy changes in the current tree. Otherwise, the new member is just added by connecting it with a (well chosen) path to the current tree. In both cases, updating a tree implies a certain number of elementary changes (that we define). We propose a strategy leading to at most O(log i) critical stages (i is the number of new members) and to at most a constant average number of elementary changes per stage. We also prove that there exists situations where Ω(log i) critical stages are necessary to any algorithm to maintain the quality constraint. Our strategy is then worst case optimal in order of magnitude for the number of critical stages criterion and induces a constant number of elementary changes in average per stage.
A Seasonal Heat Budget across the Extent of the California Current
Authors: Edwards Kathleen A. , Kelly Kathryn A. 
Published: April 2007

Abstract
A seasonal heat budget is based on observations that span the broad California Current (CC) region. Budget terms are estimated from satellite data (oceanic heat advection), repeat ship transects (heat storage rate), and the Comprehensive Ocean–Atmosphere Data Set (COADS) (surface heat flux). The balance between terms differs with distance from shore. Offshore, a local balance between the heat storage rate and net heat flux (Q0) holds; the latter is dominated by its shortwave component QSW. Shoreward of ∼500 km, oceanic heat advection shifts the phase of the heat storage rate to earlier in the year and partially offsets an increase in Q0 due to cloud clearing. During the summer maximum of Q0, the ∼500-km-wide CC region loses heat to alongshore geostrophic transport, offshore Ekman transport, and, to a lesser degree, cross-shore geostrophic transport and eddy transport. The advective heat loss is neither uniform in space nor temporal phase; instead, the region of geostrophic and eddy heat loss expands cross shore with the annual widening of the California Current to ∼500 km. This expansion begins in spring with the onset of equatorward winds. A region of relatively positive wind stress curl widens at the same gradual rate as the CC, suggesting a coupling mechanism between the two.
Influence of alcohol on mechanical and electrical properties of thin organic films
Authors: Kopáni Martin , Weis Martin 
Published: April 2007

AbstractStability of organic materials properties is essential for further applications and was intensely investigated in last few decades. The aim of this study is to detect the structural changes of dipalmitoyl-phosphatidylcholine (DPPC) monolayer as a model system of organic material under influence of alcohols solutions. As subphases of monolayers (Langmuir films), pure water, ethanol and methanol solutions were used. For detection of changes in charge states of the molecules as well as relation with structural and conformational changes, a contactless method employing Maxwell’s displacement currents (MDC) was used. In DPPC monolayer on the subphase of methanol-water, a gradual absorption of methanol molecules into the layer can appear. In DPPC monolayer on the subphase of ethanol-water adsorption of ethanol molecules on the layer can be observed. Influence of alcohols results in a significant change of mechanical and electrical properties as well as in the stability of thin films.
Fruit Juices
Authors: Ashurst Philip R. 
Published: April 2007

Abstract
Fruit juices are important items of commerce. They are available both as direct juices and reconstituted from concentrates. Important juices of commercial interest are orange and apple, although a wide variety of other juices is now also available. Work on composition of juices enables verification of their authenticity to be confirmed.
Typical juice processing follows a generalized sequence after harvest and collection. Fruit is washed and sized, milled, pressed, and the juice separated. Expressed juice is usually pasteurized and may either be packed directly or concentrated up to six or seven times, stored cold, or frozen and then shipped to packers. Many variations in this generalized process exist to provide for different fruit types. Concentration of juice can permit the collection of aroma volatiles. Enzymes are widely used to improve yields and assist clarification.
Pasteurization is important to minimize the risk of spoilage. Thermal processes are most often used although other methods can be employed.
Final packaging now incorporates a wide variety of different containers although aseptic packaging into laminated boxes is often preferred.
Vinegar
Authors: Webb A. Dinsmoor ,   Updated by Staff
Published: April 2007

AbstractVinegar is a dilute (4–10%) water solution of acetic acid plus other organic and mineral constituents which vary greatly with the source material from which the vinegar comes.Acetobactercatalyzes oxidation of ethanol to acetic acid. Ethanol comes fromSaccharomycesfermentation of sugary plant materials and from solutions of hydrolyzed starch. Ethanol also is synthesized from petroleum or other basic raw materials.Prehistoric vinegars likely came from ambient microorganisms contacting sugary solutions such as diluted honey. Pasteur found in the mid‐nineteenth century that microorganisms were responsible for both alcoholic and acetous conversions, and modern technology has made possible the wide range of vinegars available today. Traditional Balsamic and Orleans types, with their complex and estery odors, are appreciated for table use, as are the simpler, less costly types produced by generator and submerged culture techniques. Many of these depend upon added herbs and spices for complexing the simple acid taste. For industrial and pickling purposes, very highly concentrated vinegars are available.Techniques of vinegar production parallel those used in processing other clear liquid foods. Crushing, pressing, fermenting, heating, cooling, centrifuging, filtering, clarifying, stabilizing, blending, pasteurizing, and filling into bottles are the principal steps involved. Since vinegars are quite acid, contacting equipment must be stainless steel, plastic, glass, or wood.Vinegar sales have increased 29% from 1993 to 2003. Overall nonfood applications increased 131% between 2004–2005. Vinegar is not only used for culinary applications, but for medicinal, cleaning personal care, and agricultural applications.
Ovotestes and XY sex reversal in a female with an interstitial 9q33.3‐q34.1 deletion encompassing NR5A1 and LMX1B causing features of genitopatellar syndrome
Authors: Schlaubitz Silke , Yatsenko Svetlana A. , Smith Laurie D. , Keller Kory L. , Vissers Lisenka E. , Scott Daryl A. , Cai Wei Wen , Reardon William , Abdul‐Rahman Omar A. , Lammer Edward J. , Lifchez Caroline A. , Magenis Ellen , Veltman Joris A. , Stankiewicz Pawel , Zabel Bernhard U. , Lee Brendan 
Published: April 2007

AbstractWe describe our findings in a 46,XY female with a clinical features of Genitopatellar syndrome (GPS) and confirmed hermaphroditism with ovotestes, and five additional patients with GPS. GPS is a genetic disorder characterized by renal and genital anomalies, joint dislocation, aplastic or hypoplastic and often displaced patellae, minor facial anomalies, and mental retardation. The genital anomalies clearly distinguish GPS from nail‐patella syndrome (NPS) that has similar features, but additionally shows hypoplastic finger‐ and toenails as found in the 46,XY female. In our patients no mutation was found in the coding regions of WNT4, WNT7A, TBX4, and LMX1B. Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) and array‐based comparative genome hybridization (aCGH) analysis showed a 3 Mb deletion of LMX1B, NR6A1, and NR5A1 (SF1) in the 46,XY female. This is the first report of a microdeletion causing haploinsuffiency of LMX1B and NR5A1. The deletion of LMX1B is responsible for the knee anomalies and the deletion of NR5A1 likely causes the sex reversal. Cytogenetic analysis of the five additional patients with diagnosed GPS failed to identify a similar microdeletion, or inversion of a potentially regulatory element between the two genes. This suggests that the locus 9q33‐9q34 can be excluded for GPS and that the presented case is unique in its combination of GPS and NPS features caused by a microdeletion associated with loss of function of LMX1B and NR5A1. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Smith–Magenis syndrome and moyamoya disease in a patient with del(17)(p11.2p13.1)
Authors: Girirajan Santhosh , Mendoza‐Londono Roberto , Vlangos Christopher N. , Dupuis Lucie , Nowak Norma J. , Bunyan David J. , Hatchwell Eli , Elsea Sarah H. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractChromosomal rearrangements causing microdeletions and microduplications are a major cause of congenital malformation and mental retardation. Because they are not visible by routine chromosome analysis, high resolution whole‐genome technologies are required for the detection and diagnosis of small chromosomal abnormalities. Recently, array‐comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) and multiplex ligation‐dependent probe amplification (MLPA) have been useful tools for the identification and mapping of deletions and duplications at higher resolution and throughput. Smith–Magenis syndrome (SMS) is a multiple congenital anomalies/mental retardation syndrome caused by deletion or mutation of the retinoic acid induced 1 (RAI1) gene and is often associated with a chromosome 17p11.2 deletion. We report here on the clinical and molecular analysis of a 10‐year‐old girl with SMS and moyamoya disease (occlusion of the circle of Willis). We have employed a combination of aCGH, FISH, and MLPA to characterize an ∼6.3 Mb deletion spanning chromosome region 17p11.2–p13.1 in this patient, with the proximal breakpoint within the RAI1 gene. Further, investigation of the genomic architecture at the breakpoint intervals of this large deletion documented the presence of palindromic repeat elements that could potentially form recombination substrates leading to unequal crossover. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Peptide products of the afp‐6 gene of the nematode Ascaris suum have different biological actions
Authors: Yew Joanne Y. , Davis Ralph , Dikler Sergei , Nanda Jennifer , Reinders Barbara , Stretton Antony O. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractMatrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight and tandem time‐of‐flight (MALDI‐TOF and MALDI‐TOF/TOF) mass spectrometry were used to sequence and localize three novel, related neuropeptides in the nervous system of the nematode Ascaris suum, AMRNALVRFamide (AF21), NGAPQPFVRFamide (AF22), and SGMRNALVRFamide (AF23). The amino acid sequences were used to clone a novel neuropeptide gene (afp‐6) that encodes a precursor bearing a single copy of each of the peptides. In situ hybridization and immunocytochemistry revealed that both the transcript and the peptides are expressed in a single cell in the ventral ganglion. Pharmacological studies of intact nematodes injected with these peptides, as well as physiological studies of responses to them in muscle tissue, motor neurons, and the pharynx, reveal that these peptides have potent bioactivity in the locomotory and feeding systems. Further exploration of their effects may contribute to our understanding of neuropeptide modulation of behavior and also to the development of compounds with anthelmintic relevance. J. Comp. Neurol. 502:872–882, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Radiation boundary conditions for wave‐like equations
Authors: Bayliss Alvin , Turkel Eli 
Published: April 2007

AbstractIn the numerical computation of hyperbolic equations it is not practical to use infinite domains. Instead, one truncates the domain with an artificial boundary. In this study we construct a sequence of radiating boundary conditions for wave‐like equations. We prove that as the artificial boundary is moved to infinity the solution approaches the solution of the infinite domain as O(r−m−1/2) for the m‐th boundary condition. Numerical experiments with problems in jet acoustics verify the practical nature and utility of the boundary conditions.
Singular limits of quasilinear hyperbolic systems with large parameters and the incompressible limit of compressible fluids
Authors: Klainerman Sergiu , Majda Andrew 
Published: April 2007

AbstractMany interesting problems in classical physics involve the limiting behavior of quasilinear hyperbolic systems as certain coefficients become infinite. Using classical methods, the authors develop a general theory of such problems. This theory is broad enough to study a wide variety of interesting singular limits in compressible fluid flow and magneto‐fluid dynamics including new constructive local existence theorems for the time‐singular limit equations. In particular, the authors give an entirely self‐contained classical proof of the convergence of solutions of the compressible fluid equations to their incompressible limits as the Mach number becomes small. The theory depends upon a balance between certain inherently nonlinear structural conditions on the matrix coefficients of the system together with appropriate initialization procedures. Similar results are developed also for the compressible and incompressible Navier‐Stokes equations with periodic initial data independent of the viscosity coefficients as they tend to zero.
An improved single‐stage Flyback PFC converter for high‐luminance lighting LED lamps
Authors: Chiu Huang‐Jen , Huang Hsiu‐Ming , Yang Hong‐Tzer , Cheng Shih‐Jen 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThis paper presents a high‐performance LED lamp driver with an improved single‐stage Flyback configuration. A constant current control method is used to regulate the lamp current and brightness. A laboratory prototype has been built and tested. With the prototype, high efficiency, high power factor, and constant lamp current can be achieved under different pieces of LED series connection. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ras signaling modulates activity of the ecdysone receptor EcR during cell migration in the drosophila ovary
Authors: Hackney Jennifer F. , Pucci Christina , Naes Erin , Dobens Leonard 
Published: April 2007

AbstractEcdysone Receptor (EcR) mediates effects of the hormone ecdysone during larval molts, pupal metamorphosis, and adult female oogenesis. In the ovary, egg chamber formation requires interactions between the somatic follicle cell (FC) epithelium and the germ line nurse cell/oocyte cyst. Previous work has shown EcR is required in the germ line for egg chamber maturation, and here we examine EcR requirements in the FC at late stages of oogenesis. EcR protein is ubiquitous in the FC but its activity is restricted, visualized by activity of the “ligand sensor” hs‐GAL4‐EcR ligand binding domain fusion and EcRE‐lacZ reporter gene expression. GAL4‐EcR is activated in the FC by an ecdysone agonist and repressed by tissue‐specific Ras GTPase signals. To determine the significance of restricted sites of EcR activity in the FC, we used targeted misexpression of the dominant negative EcR (EcR‐DN) molecules EcRF645A and EcRW650A. EcR‐DN expression at stage 10 reduced EcRE‐lacZ expression in the nurse cell FC and resulted in abnormal FC migrations, including aberrant centripetal migration and dorsal appendage tube formation, leading to the formation of cup‐shaped eggs with shortened, branched dorsal appendages at stage 14. Clones of FC expressing EcR‐DN displayed cell‐autonomous increases in DE‐cadherin expression and abnormal epithelial junction formation. EcR‐DN expression caused thin eggshell phenotypes that correlated with both reduced levels of chorion gene expression and reduction in chorion gene amplification. Our results indicate that tissue‐specific modulation of EcR activity by the Ras signaling pathway refines temporal ecdysone signals that regulate FC differentiation and cadherin‐mediated epithelial cell shape changes. Developmental Dynamics 236:1213–1226, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.