bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A half-open cavity random fiber laser based on a single-mode fiber and fiber Bragg grating
Authors: He Wei , Li Zhihan , Li Shaode , Ma Siqi , Zhang Wenduo 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
A random erbium-doped fiber laser based on fiber Bragg grating (FBG) and single-mode fiber (SMF) was designed and realized experimentally in this study. For the proposed random fiber laser (RFL), the 10 km long SMF was used to generate Rayleigh scattering (RS) emissions, along with FBG to provide randomly distributed feedback in the cavity. In the experiment, the RFL laser threshold is 55 mW, as the pump power is increasingly improved to 175 mW. The RS effect is gradually apparent, and 1531.59nm laser beam was formed. The signal-to-noise ratio was 38.4 dB. The FBG was stretched for sensing applications, and the lasing wavelength was adjusted from 1531.59 to 1533.83 nm when the grating was stretched from 0 to 2000 μϵ.
Enhancement of skin tumor laser hyperthermia with Ytterbium nanoparticles: numerical simulation
Authors: Othman Zamrood A , Hassan Yousif M , Karim Abdulkarim Y 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Laser hyperthermia therapy (HT) has emerged as a well-established method for treating cancer, yet it poses unique challenges in comprehending heat transfer dynamics within both healthy and cancerous tissues due to their intricate nature. This study investigates laser HT therapy as a promising avenue for addressing skin cancer. Employing two distinct near-infrared (NIR) laser beams at 980 nm, we analyze temperature variations within tumors, employing Pennes’ bioheat transfer equation as our fundamental investigative framework. Furthermore, our study delves into the influence of Ytterbium nanoparticles (YbNPs) on predicting temperature distributions in healthy and cancerous skin tissues. Our findings reveal that the application of YbNPs using a Gaussian beam shape results in a notable maximum temperature increase of 5 °C within the tumor compared to nanoparticle-free heating. Similarly, utilizing a flat top beam alongside YbNPs induces a temperature rise of 3 °C. While this research provides valuable insights into utilizing YbNPs with a Gaussian laser beam configuration for skin cancer treatment, a more thorough understanding could be attained through additional details on experimental parameters such as setup, exposure duration, and specific implications for skin cancer therapy.
Replica symmetry breaking in supervised and unsupervised Hebbian networks
Authors: Albanese Linda , Alessandrelli Andrea , Annibale Alessia , Barra Adriano 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Hebbian neural networks with multi-node interactions, often called Dense Associative Memories, have recently attracted considerable interest in the statistical mechanics community, as they have been shown to outperform their pairwise counterparts in a number of features, including resilience against adversarial attacks, pattern retrieval with extremely weak signals and supra-linear storage capacities. However, their analysis has so far been carried out within a replica-symmetric theory. In this manuscript, we relax the assumption of replica symmetry and analyse these systems at one step of replica-symmetry breaking, focusing on two different prescriptions for the interactions that we will refer to as supervised and unsupervised learning. We derive the phase diagram of the model using two different approaches, namely Parisi’s hierarchical ansatz for the relationship between different replicas within the replica approach, and the so-called telescope ansatz within Guerra’s interpolation method: our results show that replica-symmetry breaking does not alter the threshold for learning and slightly increases the maximal storage capacity. Further, we also derive analytically the instability line of the replica-symmetric theory, using a generalization of the De Almeida and Thouless approach.
Optimization of volatile organic compounds sampling from dairy cow exhaled breath using polymer-based solid-phase extraction cartridges for gas chromatographic analysis
Authors: Eichinger Julia , Reiche Anna-Maria , Dohme-Meier Frigga , Fuchsmann Pascal 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
We explored appropriate technical setups for the detection of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from exhaled cow breath by comparing six different polymer-based solid-phase extraction (SPE) cartridges currently on the market for gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS) screening. Exhaled breath was sampled at a single timepoint from five lactating dairy cows using six different SPE cartridges (Bond Elut ENV (ENV); Chromabond HRX (HRX); Chromabond HRP (HRP); Chromabond HLB (HLB); Chromabond HR-XCW (XCW) and Chromabond HR-XAW (XAW)). The trapped VOCs were analyzed by dynamic headspace vacuum in-tube extraction GC-MS (DHS-V-ITEX-GC-MS). Depending on the SPE cartridge, we detected 1174–1312 VOCs per cartridge. Most VOCs were alkenes, alkanes, esters, ketones, alcohols, aldehydes, amines, nitriles, ethers, amides, carboxylic acids, alkynes, azoles, terpenes, pyridines, or sulfur-containing compounds. The six SPE cartridges differed in their specificity for the chemical compounds, with the XAW cartridge showing the best specificity for ketones. The greatest differences between the tested SPE cartridges appeared in the detection of specific VOCs. In total, 176 different VOCs were detected with a match factor >80%. The greatest number of specific VOCs was captured by XAW (149), followed by ENV (118), HLB (117), HRP (115), HRX (114), and XCW (114). We conclude that the tested SPE cartridges are suitable for VOC sampling from exhaled cow breath, but the SPE cartridge choice enormously affects the detected chemical groups and the number of detected VOCs. Therefore, an appropriate SPE adsorbent cartridge should be selected according to our proposed inclusion criteria. For targeted metabolomics approaches, the SPE cartridge choice depends on the VOCs or chemical compound groups of interest based on our provided VOC list. For untargeted approaches without information on the animals’ metabolic condition, we suggest using multi-sorbent SPE cartridges or multiple cartridges per animal.
Proto-Indo-European
Authors: Ringe Don 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This chapter outlines the grammar of Proto-Indo-European (PIE), the earliest reconstructable ancestor of Ancient Greek, and of Core IE, the most solidly reconstructable stage in the prehistoric development of Greek. The language’s complex phonology, phonological rules, and inflectional morphology are all discussed in detail; so is the development of inflectional morphology in the immediate daughters of PIE, in which inflection seems to have become more complex. Complete sample paradigms of verbs, nouns, adjectives, pronouns, determiners, and quantifiers are included. Derivational morphology and syntax are treated more briefly. The chapter is essentially an updated version of the corresponding chapter in the 2nd edition of From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic.
Comparison of β-blocker agents and mortality in maintenance hemodialysis patients: an international cohort study
Authors: Toye Corey , Sood Manish M , Mallick Ranjeeta , Akbari Ayub , Bieber Brian , Karaboyas Angelo , Guedes Murilo , Hundemer Gregory L 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT

Background
Despite a lack of clinical trial data, β-blockers are widely prescribed to dialysis patients. Whether specific β-blocker agents are associated with improved long-term outcomes compared with alternative β-blocker agents in the dialysis population remains uncertain.

Methods
We analyzed data from an international cohort study of 10 125 patients on maintenance hemodialysis across 18 countries that were newly prescribed a β-blocker medication within the Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study (DOPPS). The following β-blocker agents were compared: metoprolol, atenolol, bisoprolol and carvedilol. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the association between the newly prescribed β-blocker agent and all-cause mortality. Stratified analyses were performed on patients with and without a prior history of cardiovascular disease.

Results
The mean (standard deviation) age in the cohort was 63 (15) years and 57% of participants were male. The most commonly prescribed β-blocker agent was metoprolol (49%), followed by carvedilol (29%), atenolol (11%) and bisoprolol (11%). Compared with metoprolol, atenolol {adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 0.77 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.65–0.90]} was associated with a lower mortality risk. There was no difference in mortality risk with bisoprolol [adjusted HR 0.99 (95% CI 0.82–1.20)] or carvedilol [adjusted HR 0.95 (95% CI 0.82–1.09)] compared with metoprolol. These results were consistent upon stratification of patients by presence or absence of a prior history of cardiovascular disease.

Conclusions
Among patients on maintenance hemodialysis who were newly prescribed β-blocker medications, atenolol was associated with the lowest mortality risk compared with alternative agents.
Neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy confers survival advantage for patients undergoing sleeve lobectomy
Authors: Chen Tao , Wen Jialiang , He Yiming , Zhong Yifan , Deng Jiajun , Chen Qiankun , She Yunlang , Jiang Lei , Xie Dong , Zhao Deping , Chen Chang 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
It has been demonstrated that neoadjuvant immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) plus chemotherapy was safe and feasible referred to neoadjuvant chemotherapy for patients with non-small cell lung cancer undergoing sleeve lobectomy. Nevertheless, no survival data were reported in the previous researches. Therefore, we conducted this study to compare neoadjuvant ICI plus chemotherapy versus neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by sleeve lobectomy for long-term survival outcomes.

METHODS
Patients who underwent bronchial sleeve lobectomy following neoadjuvant ICI plus chemotherapy or neoadjuvant chemotherapy were retrospectively identified. Treatment response, perioperative outcomes, event-free survival and overall survival were compared between groups in the overall and the inverse probability of treatment weighting-adjusted cohort.

RESULTS
A total of 139 patients with 39 lung cancer recurrence and 21 death were included. Among them, 83 (59.7%) and 56 (40.3%) patients received neoadjuvant chemotherapy and neoadjuvant ICI plus chemotherapy, respectively. After inverse probability of treatment weighting, more patients achieved complete pathological response in the neoadjuvant ICI plus chemotherapy group (6.0% vs 26.3%, P &lt; 0.001). There was no significant difference regarding overall postoperative complication (23.8% vs 20.2%, P = 0.624) and specific complications (all P &gt; 0.05). Patients receiving neoadjuvant ICI plus chemotherapy had favourable event-free survival (hazard ratio 0.37, 95% confidence interval 0.16–0.85, P = 0.020) and overall survival (hazard ratio 0.23, 95% confidence interval 0.06–0.80, P = 0.021). Multivariable analysis revealed that neoadjuvant ICI plus chemotherapy was an independent predictor for favourable event-free survival (hazard ratio 0.37, 95% confidence interval 0.15–0.86, P = 0.020, adjusted for clinical TNM stage).

CONCLUSIONS
Neoadjuvant ICI plus chemotherapy was correlated with favourable long-term survival in patients with non-small cell lung cancer undergoing sleeve lobectomy.
Impact on nurse workload and patient satisfaction of atrioventricular junction ablation performed simultaneously with conduction system pacing using a superior approach from the pocket compared with the conventional femoral approach
Authors: Palmisano Pietro , Sergi Cesario , Panico Vincenzo , Chiarillo Marco Valerio , Chiuri Maria Domenica , Martella Maria Lucia , Stefanelli Gianluca , Martella Deborah , Mauro Raffaele , Ponzetta Maria Antonietta , Parlavecchio Antonio , Accogli Michele , Coluccia Giovanni 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Aims
Conduction system pacing (CSP) and atrioventricular junction ablation (AVJA) improve outcomes in patients with symptomatic, refractory atrial fibrillation (AF). Superior approach (SA) from the pocket, via the axillary or subclavian vein, has been recently proposed as an alternative to the conventional femoral access (FA) to perform AVJA. In this study, we compare the impact of these alternative approaches on nurse workload (NWL) and patient satisfaction.

Methods and results
This was a prospective, observational study enrolling consecutive patients undergoing simultaneous CSP and AVJA. Electrophysiology laboratory (EP Lab) NWL was calculated by using a self-developed model. Ward NWL was calculated using the MIDENF® validated scale. Patient satisfaction was collected using the Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Provider Systems questionnaire. A total of 119 patients were enrolled: in 50, AVJA was primarily attempted with SA, and in 69 with FA. Compared with FA, SA was associated with a lower EP Lab NWL (169.8 ± 26.7 vs. 202.7 ± 38.9 min; P &lt; 0.001) and a lower Ward NWL (474.5 ± 184.8 vs. 808.6 ± 289.9 min; P &lt; 0.001). Multivariate analysis identified SA as an independent predictor of lower EP Lab NWL [hazard ratio (HR) 4.60; P = 0.001] and of lower Ward NWL (HR 45.13; P &lt; 0.001). Compared with FA, SA was associated with a higher patient-reported rating regarding their experience during hospital stay (P = 0.035) and the overall hospital evaluation (P = 0.026).

Conclusion
In patients undergoing simultaneous CSP and AVJA, the use of an SA for ablation is a valid alternative to conventional FA. Compared with FA, this approach significantly reduces NWL and is associated with greater patient satisfaction.

Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03612635
Unraveling the role of tumor sidedness in prognosis of stage II colon cancer
Authors: Yang Yun , Yang Xiaobao , Bai Zhigang , Gu Xiaozhe , Shah Saloni Rameshchandra , Salewala Kenish Sirajbhai , Kevadiya Mansi Pankajbhai , Zhang Zhongtao 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
Stage II colon cancer has varying risks for metastasis, and treatment strategies depend on molecular and clinicopathological features. While tumor-sidedness is a well-accepted prognostic factor for stage III/IV colon cancer, its role in stage II is controversial. Understanding its effect in stage II is crucial for improving treatment strategies.

Methods
We analyzed clinical and follow-up data of colon cancer from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database (2004–2017). Patients were divided into a primary study cohort (2010–2017) and a validation cohort (2004–2009). The baseline characteristics between right-sided colon cancer (RCC) and left-sided colon cancer (LCC) groups were compared. Moreover, the effect of tumor size on cancer-specific survival (CSS) was evaluated using Kaplan-Meier analysis.

Results
The study involved 87,355 patients in the study cohort and 65,858 in the validation cohort. Of the study cohort, 52.3% were diagnosed with RCC. The median age was 64 years old, with 48.5% females and 76.8% of white people. In addition, stage II RCC showed better CSS compared with LCC (5-year CSS 88.0% vs 85.5%, P &lt; 0.001), while stage III/IV RCC demonstrated poorer outcomes. Multivariate Cox regression analysis identified that the right-sidedness was a positive prognostic factor in stages I/II but negative in stages III (HR 1.10, P &lt; 0.001) and IV (HR 1.26, P &lt; 0.001). Chemotherapy rates decreased in RCC, particularly in stage II (RCC vs LCC: 16.2% vs 28.5%, P &lt; 0.001). Subgroup analysis, stratified by T3/T4 stages and chemotherapy status, further highlighted better survival outcomes in RCC.

Conclusions
RCC is associated with a significantly better prognosis in stage II. The importance of considering tumor-sidedness in clinical decision-making and the design of future clinical trials should be emphasized.
Phylogeny and Expansion of Serine/Threonine Kinases in Phagocytotic Bacteria in the Phylum Planctomycetota
Authors: Odelgard Anna , Hägglund Emil , Guy Lionel , Andersson Siv G E 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The recently isolated bacterium “Candidatus Uabimicrobium amorphum” is the only known prokaryote that can engulf other bacterial cells. Its proteome contains a high fraction of proteins involved in signal transduction systems, which is a feature normally associated with multicellularity in eukaryotes. Here, we present a protein-based phylogeny which shows that “Ca. Uabimicrobium amorphum” represents an early diverging lineage that clusters with the Saltatorellus clade within the phylum Planctomycetota. A gene flux analysis indicated a gain of 126 protein families for signal transduction functions in “Ca. Uabimicrobium amorphum”, of which 66 families contained eukaryotic-like Serine/Threonine kinases with Pkinase domains. In total, we predicted 525 functional Serine/Threonine kinases in “Ca. Uabimicrobium amorphum”, which represent 8% of the proteome and is the highest fraction of Serine/Threonine kinases in a bacterial proteome. The majority of Serine/Threonine kinases in this species are membrane proteins and 30% contain long, tandem arrays of WD40 or TPR domains. The pKinase domain was predicted to be located in the cytoplasm, while the WD40 and TPR domains were predicted to be located in the periplasm. Such domain combinations were also identified in the Serine/Threonine kinases of other species in the Planctomycetota, although in much lower abundances. A phylogenetic analysis of the Serine/Threonine kinases in the Planctomycetota inferred from the Pkinase domain alone provided support for lineage-specific expansions of the Serine/Threonine kinases in “Ca. Uabimicrobium amorphum”. The results imply that expansions of eukaryotic-like signal transduction systems are not restricted to multicellular organisms, but have occurred in parallel in prokaryotes with predatory lifestyles and phagocytotic-like behaviors.
The genome of the rayed Mediterranean limpet Patella caerulea (Linnaeus, 1758)
Authors: Halstead-Nussloch Gwyneth , Signorini Silvia Giorgia , Giulio Marco , Crocetta Fabio , Munari Marco , Della Torre Camilla , Weber Alexandra Anh-Thu 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Patella caerulea (Linnaeus, 1758) is a mollusc limpet species of the class Gastropoda. Endemic to the Mediterranean Sea, it is considered a keystone species due to its primary role in structuring and regulating the ecological balance of tidal and subtidal habitats. It is currently being used as a bioindicator to assess the environmental quality of coastal marine waters and as a model species to understand adaptation to ocean acidification. Here, we provide a high-quality reference genome assembly and annotation for P. caerulea. We generated ∼30 Gb of Pacific Biosciences high-fidelity data from a single individual and provide a final 749.8 Mb assembly containing 62 contigs, including the mitochondrial genome (14,938 bp). With an N50 of 48.8 Mb and 98% of the assembly contained in the 18 largest contigs, this assembly is near chromosome-scale. Benchmarking Universal Single-Copy Orthologs scores were high (Mollusca, 87.8% complete; Metazoa, 97.2% complete) and similar to metrics observed for other chromosome-level Patella genomes, highlighting a possible bias in the Mollusca database for Patellids. We generated transcriptomic Illumina data from a second individual collected at the same locality and used it together with protein evidence to annotate the genome. A total of 23,938 protein-coding gene models were found. By comparing this annotation with other published Patella annotations, we found that the distribution and median values of exon and gene lengths was comparable with other Patella species despite different annotation approaches. The present high-quality P. caerulea reference genome, available on GenBank (BioProject: PRJNA1045377; assembly: GCA_036850965.1), is an important resource for future ecological and evolutionary studies.
Everyday Discrimination Is Associated With Higher Odds of Hospitalizations Among Older African Americans
Authors: Lange-Maia Brittney S , James Bryan D , Capuano Ana W , Grodstein Francine , Chen Yi , Barnes Lisa L 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
Everyday discrimination—experiences of being treated unfairly based on background characteristics like race—is linked to poor physical and mental health throughout the lifespan. Whether more experiences of discrimination are associated with higher odds of being hospitalized in older African Americans has not been explored.

Methods
Community-dwelling participants from 3 longitudinal cohort studies (N = 446, age 65+ years) with discrimination scores and ≥12 months of linked Medicare claims were included. Hospitalizations were identified using Medicare fee-for-service claims, available for an average of 6.2 (SD: 3.7) years of follow-up after baseline.

Results
In mixed-effects ordinal logistic regression models (outcomes of 0, 1, or 2+ hospitalizations per year) adjusted for age, sex, education, and income, higher discrimination was associated with higher odds of total annual hospitalizations (odds ratio [OR] per point higher = 1.09, 95% confidence intervals [95% CI]: 1.02–1.17). Results were similar when accounting for depressive symptoms.

Conclusions
Higher exposure to everyday discrimination is associated with higher odds of hospitalization among older African Americans. Mechanisms underlying associations should be explored further to understand how hospitalizations may be reduced in older African Americans.
Reflecting on Race, Racism and Transitional Justice
Authors: Sirleaf Matiangai , Achiume E. Tendayi 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT∞
Following the racial justice uprisings of 2020, our world order continues to reel from the consequences of the systemic racism that is the product of colonial projects past and present. In this introduction to the International Journal for Transitional Justice’s (IJTJ) Special Issue on Race, Racism and Transitional Justice, we ruminate on key disciplinary critiques of the bounds of transitional justice. We analyze the IJTJ’s record of addressing race and racism, relying on data from a coding project of almost all its publications. We find that the explicit discussion and engagement with race and racism has been wanting in the Journal. This volume helps us to consider what it would mean for the field to begin to take race, racism and racial justice seriously. Our hope is that it will help catalyze the remembering, exposing and reimagining of the role of race and racism in transitional justice and beyond.