bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Time to Insulin Initiation Cannot Be Used in Defining Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults
Authors: Brophy Sinead , Yderstræde Knud , Mauricio Didac , Hunter Stephen , Hawa Mohammed , Pozzilli Paolo , Schernthaner Guntram , Schoot Nanette , Buzzetti Raffaella , Davies Helen , Leslie David , Williams Rhys ,   on behalf of the Action LADA Group
Published: February 2008

OBJECTIVE—Latent autoimmune diabetes in adults is type 1 diabetes presenting as non–insulin dependent diabetes. One feature of the selection criteria is time independent of insulin treatment. We examine the validity of this criterion.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Patients were recruited in nine European centers, and clinicians reported on criteria for initiating insulin. All patients were tested for GAD antibodies (GADAs) in a central laboratory. We examined time to insulin treatment for GADA-positive patients in six participating centers.
RESULTS—There was intercenter variation in the criteria used to initiate insulin. Median time to insulin was 16.15 months (interqartile range 6.7–25.5) in centers with GADA testing compared with 45.6 months (29.5–61.8) in centers without routine GADA testing (P &lt; 0.002).
CONCLUSION—Time to insulin should not be used to define patients with LADA because it is dependent on local clinical judgment and the use of laboratory tests for GADA.
Breast-Feeding and Type 2 Diabetes in the Youth of Three Ethnic Groups
Authors: Mayer-Davis Elizabeth J. , Dabelea Dana , Lamichhane Archana Pande , D'Agostino Ralph B. , Liese Angela D. , Thomas Joan , McKeown Robert E. , Hamman Richard F. 
Published: February 2008

OBJECTIVE—To evaluate the hypothesis that breast-feeding is associated with reduced type 2 diabetes among African-American, Hispanic, and non-Hispanic white youth, mediated in part by current weight status.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—The SEARCH Case-Control Study, an ancillary study to SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth, was conducted in two of six SEARCH clinical sites. Eighty youth with type 2 diabetes aged 10–21 years were included. Nondiabetic control participants were recruited from primary care provider offices (n = 167). Breast-feeding information was recalled by biological mothers.
RESULTS—Prevalence (%) of breast-feeding (any duration) was lower among youth with type 2 diabetes than among control subjects (19.5 vs. 27.1 for African Americans, 50.0 vs. 83.8 for Hispanics, and 39.1 vs. 77.6 for non-Hispanic whites). The overall crude odds ratio for the association of breast-feeding (ever versus never) and type 2 diabetes was 0.26 (95% CI 0.15–0.46). Results were similar by race/ethnic group (P value for interaction = 0.17). The odds ratio for the association after adjusting for 12 potential confounders was 0.43 (0.19–0.99). When current BMI z-score was added to the model, the odds ratio was attenuated (0.82 [0.30–2.30]), suggesting possible mediation through current childhood weight status. Analyses that incorporated duration of breast-feeding, adjusted for potential confounders, provided evidence for dose response (test for trend, P value &lt;0.0001), even after inclusion of BMI z-score.
CONCLUSIONS—Breast-feeding appears to be protective against development of type 2 diabetes in youth, mediated in part by current weight status in childhood.
Effect of Aging on Glucose Homeostasis
Authors: Szoke Ervin , Shrayyef Muhammad Z. , Messing Susan , Woerle Hans J. , van Haeften Timon W. , Meyer Christian , Mitrakou Asimina , Pimenta Walkyria , Gerich John E. 
Published: February 2008

OBJECTIVE—To examine the effect of aging on insulin secretion (first- and second-phase insulin release) and insulin sensitivity in people with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT).
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—First- and second-phase insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity were assessed in hyperglycemic clamp experiments in 266 individuals with NGT and 130 individuals with IGT, ranging in age from ∼20 to ∼70 years. Changes in β-cell function were compared using the disposition index to adjust for differences in insulin sensitivity.
RESULTS—As expected, both phases of insulin release and insulin sensitivity were reduced in individuals with IGT (all P &lt; 0.01). Insulin sensitivity was not independently correlated with age in either group. In people with NGT, the disposition index for first- and second-phase insulin release decreased similarly at a rate of ∼0.7% per year. In people with IGT, the disposition indexes for first- and second-phase insulin release decreased at greater rates (∼2.2 and 1.4% per year, P = 0.002 and 0.009, respectively, vs. NGT), with the decrease in first phase being greater than that of second phase (P = 0.025).
CONCLUSIONS—Insulin secretion (both first and second phase) normally decreases at a rate of ∼0.7% per year with aging; this decrease in β-cell function is accelerated about two-fold in people with impaired glucose tolerance—first phase to a greater extent than second phase. Finally, aging per se has no effect on insulin sensitivity independent of changes in body composition.
Cover Picture: Novel Three Dimensional Cubic Fm3m Mesoporous Aluminosilicates with Tailored Cage Type Pore Structure and High Aluminum Content (Adv. Funct. Mater. 4/2008)
Authors: Srinivasu Pavuluri , Alam Sher , Balasubramanian Veerappan V. , Velmathi Sivan , Sawant Dhanashri P. , Böhlmann Winfred , Mirajkar Subhash P. , Ariga Katsuhiko , Halligudi Shivappa B. , Vinu Ajayan 
Published: February 2008

AbstractCover:3D cubic Fm3m mesoporous aluminosilicates (AlKIT‐5) with very high structural order and unprecedented loadings of Al in the silica framework are reported by Ajayan Vinu and co‐workers on p. 640. The specific surface area, specific pore volume, and pore diameter of AlKIT‐5 can be increased by increasing Al incorporation in the silica framework while retaining the well‐ordered 3D cage‐type porous structure. The mechanism of this unusual behavior is discussed in detail. In a catalytic activity study, AlKIT‐5(10) is found to be superior over zeolite catalysts including ZSM‐5.Organic Light‐Emitting DiodesA new series of star‐shaped bipolar host molecules thatcontain hole‐transporting triphenylamine andelectron‐transporting benzimidazole moieties are designed,based on calculations using density functional theory, and prepared by Masa‐aki Kakimoto and co‐workers, as reportedon p. 584. The theoretical calculation of energy levels affords helpful ideas to design molecules with a favorable localization of HOMO/LUMO levels and a predefined enhancement ofthe triplet energy gap. The derivatives are employed as hosts to fabricate phosphorescent organic LEDs by spin‐coating and vacuum deposition.Magnetic MaterialsSeveral nanoscale technological applications rely on the promise of highly anisotropic magnetic materials. Verónica Salgueirin˜o‐Maceira, Miguel A. Correa‐Duarte, andco‐workers report on p. 616 the structure, magnetic properties, and interfacial exchange anisotropy effects of unique wires of Ni/NiO synthesized using carbon nanotubes as substrates.Structural analyses of these nanocomposites in correlation withmagnetic measurements show that the crystalline NiO outershells cause an enhanced exchange bias, providing an extra source of anisotropy that leads to their magnetization stability.Crosslinked NanoparticlesAn amphiphilic block copolymer is synthesized by RAFTp olymerization and then assembled into micelles in aqueoussolution. Subsequent crosslinking throughout the shell affordswell‐defined nanoparticles. In an attempt to narrow the particlesize distributions, the dodecyl trithiocarbonate chain end of theblock copolymer was replaced by a 2‐cyanoisopropyl moiety.The primary advantages of this system include the ability to conduct in situ synthesis of nanoparticles that are crosslinkeddirectly and derivatized easily before, during, or after the crosslinking, as demonstrated by Karen L. Wooley and co‐workers on p. 551.
Biologie und Chemie der Zoanthamin‐Alkaloide
Authors: Behenna Douglas C. , Stockdill Jennifer L. , Stoltz Brian M. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractMarine Naturstoffe spielen schon lange eine wichtige Rolle in der Naturstoffchemie und bei der Wirkstoffentwicklung. Die Artenvielfalt und das facettenreiche Wechselspiel im Lebensraum Meer spiegeln sich in den Eigenschaften der Substanzen wider, die aus marinen Lebensformen isoliert werden: Sie zeigen unwahrscheinlich vielseitige Molekülstrukturen und biologische Aktivitäten. Die Naturstoffe aus den Polypen der marinen Zoanthidea bilden darin keine Ausnahme. Die Zoanthamin‐Alkaloide, deren erste Vertreter vor über zwanzig Jahren isoliert wurden, erregten besonderes Interesse als Syntheseziele, weil sie sich durch eine große Bandbreite an biologischen Aktivitäten auszeichnen. Hier fassen wir die wichtigsten Beiträge zur Isolierung und strukturellen Charakterisierung der natürlichen Zoanthamine zusammen und führen Studien zu ihrer biologischen Aktivität und Totalsynthese an.
The ‘real’ of racializing embodiment
Authors: Hook Derek 
Published: February 2008

AbstractManganyi's (1981) analysis of racializing embodiment represents an important, historically neglected contribution to psychoanalytic social psychology. Influenced as much by Fanon's anti‐colonial and psycho‐existential concerns as by phenomenology and the imperatives of the Black Consciousness struggle against apartheid, Manganyi's work represents an unusually politically committed form of social psychology. I introduce and elaborate upon Manganyi's single most important essay on racializing embodiment, drawing attention to his assertion that racism—in all its recalcitrance and tenacity—needs be linked to a psycho‐existential problematic, namely that of the disjunctive pairing of body and ego. I critically elaborate upon Manganyi's argument in relation to similar conceptualizations of racism (the Manichean dynamics of colonialism, notions of differential embodiment, epidermalization and the psychosomatics of racism) and in reference to Slavoj Žižek's Lacanian psychoanalytic theorization of similar issues (particularly the notions of the ‘theft of enjoyment’ and the bodily ‘real’). Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of medical treatment and coronary revascularization in patients with moderate coronary lesions and borderline fractional flow reserve measurements
Authors: Courtis Javier , Rodés‐Cabau Josep , Larose Eric , Déry Jean‐Pierre , Nguyen Can Manh , Proulx Guy , Gleeton Onil , Roy Louis , Barbeau Gerald , Noël Bernard , DeLarochellière Robert , Bertrand Olivier F. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractObjectives: (1) To evaluate the clinical outcomes of patients with moderate coronary lesions and borderline fractional flow reserve (FFR) measurements (between 0.75 and 0.80), comparing those who underwent coronary revascularization (CR) to those who had medical treatment (MT), and (2) to determine the predictive factors of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) at follow‐up. Methods: A total of 107 consecutive patients (mean age 62 ± 10 years) with at least one moderate coronary lesion (mean percent diameter stenosis 47 ± 12%) evaluated by coronary pressure wire with FFR measurement between 0.75 and 0.80 (mean 0.77 ± 0.02) were included in the study. MACE [CR, myocardial infarction (MI), cardiac death) and the presence of angina were evaluated at follow‐up. Results: Sixty‐three patients (59%) underwent CR and 44 patients (41%) had MT, with no clinical differences between groups. At a mean follow‐up of 13 ± 7 months, MACE related to the coronary lesion evaluated by FFR were higher in the MT group compared with CR group (23% vs. 5%, P = 0.005). Most MACE consisted of CRs, with no differences between groups in MI and cardiac death rate at follow‐up. Both MT and FFR measurements in an artery supplying a territory with previous MI were independent predictive factors of MACE at follow‐up, respectively (hazard ratio 5.2, 95% CI 1.4–18.9, P = 0.01; hazard ratio 4.1, 95% CI 1.1–15.3, P = 0.03). The presence of angina at follow‐up was more frequent in the MT group compared with the CR group (41% vs. 9%, P = 0.002). Conclusions: In patients with moderate coronary lesions and borderline FFR measurements deferral of revascularization was associated with a higher rate of MACE (CR) and a higher prevalence of angina at follow‐up, especially in those with previous MI in the territory evaluated by FFR. Further prospective randomized studies should confirm whether or not an FFR cut‐off point of 0.80 instead of 0.75 would be more appropriate for deferring CR in these cases. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A new hypothesis of the developmental origin of congenital left anterior descending coronary artery to pulmonary artery fistulas
Authors: Klein Lloyd W. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe embryologic origin of fistulous communications between a coronary artery and the pulmonary artery has traditionally been explained as the persistence of an immature supernumerary coronary artery with its origin in the pulmonary trunk. Although this hypothesis is consistent with the occurrence of the termination of the fistula in the posterior sinus of the pulmonary artery, it does not completely explain several morphologic and physiologic aspects. In this report, we present a case illustrating the classic anatomic features of left anterior descending artery to pulmonary artery fistulas and develop a new hypothesis of its embryologic origin and re‐emergence in adults that fully explains its angiographic appearance and clinical attributes. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Closure of the femoral artery after cardiac catheterization: A comparison of Angio‐Seal, StarClose, and manual compression
Authors: Deuling J.H.H. , Vermeulen R.P. , Anthonio R.A. , van den Heuvel A.F.M. , Jaarsma T. , Jessurun G. , de Smet B.J.G.L. , Tan E.S. , Zijlstra F. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractObjectives: To compare Angio‐Seal (AS) and StarClose (SC) and manual compression (MC) on efficacy of hemostasis, complication rate, safety of early mobilization, and patient comfort. Background: Closure of the femoral artery after cardiac catheterization can be obtained through different methods. Today, physicians can choose from a number of different devices to achieve arterial closure. Methods: In a prospective trial 450 patients were randomized to AS, SC, or MC. Patients were mobilized 1 to 2 hr after device placement, and 6 hr after MC. Data were collected during hospital admission and by telephone at one month after hospital discharge. Results: Devices were used in 138/150 allocated to AS and 124/150 allocated to SC patients (92% vs. 83%, P = 0.015) Patients with MC experienced more pain during sheath removal than patients receiving a device, and rated their period of bed rest as less comfortable. Oozing and need for pressure bandage at the puncture site were observed in 37 AS patients and 57 SC patients (25% vs. 38%, P = 0.002). Hematoma occurred in 15 AS patients, in 17 SC patients, and in 14 MC patients (11 vs. 14 vs. 9%, ns). Conclusion: There is no difference in safety between the three methods of arterial closure. SC was more often not used or successfully deployed. SC patients more often had continuing oozing. On patient comfort, closure devices performed better than MC. Early ambulation in patients with a closure device is safe. AS is the preferred method of arterial closure after cardiac catheterization. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Scheduling Model for a Multi‐Product Batch Plant Using a Pre‐Ordering Approach
Authors: Xue Y. F. , Yuan J. Q. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractA scheduling model for a multi‐product, multistage batch plant with parallel units is presented. The objective is to maximize the weighted completion times of orders in every processing stage while imposing a penalty on the slower orders. The proposed model uses the continuous‐time representation mode and describes the allocations of tasks, units and stages by a set of binary variables. In order to reduce the model size and provide a more effective solution to the model, a pre‐ordering approach that sorts the processing sequence of orders is developed. The pre‐ordering approach identifies the infeasible assignments through which the number of binary variables is significantly reduced. Illustrative examples are provided to show that the size of the proposed model is small, and therefore, needs much less computational effort in comparison with the existing models in the literature.
Optimization of a Process Synthesis Superstructure Using an Ant Colony Algorithm
Authors: Raeesi B. , Pishvaie M. R. , Rashtchian D. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe optimization of chemical syntheses based on superstructure modeling is a perfect way for achieving the optimal plant design. However, the combinatorial optimization problem arising from this method is very difficult to solve, particularly for the entire plant. Relevant literature has focused on the use of mathematical programming approaches. Some research has also been conducted based on meta‐heuristic algorithms. In this paper, two approaches are presented to optimize process synthesis superstructure. Firstly, mathematical formulation of a superstructure model is presented. Then, an ant colony algorithm is proposed for solving this nonlinear combinatorial problem. In order to ensure that all the constraints are satisfied, an adaptive, feasible bound for each variable is defined to limit the search space. Adaptation of these bounds is executed by the suggested bound updating rule. Finally, the capability of the proposed algorithm is compared with the conventional Branch and Bound method by a case study.
Isolation and Characterization of Potent Strains for Metabolizing Paint VOCs from an Active Trickle‐bed Air Biofilter
Authors: Mathur A. K. , Majumder C. B. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractIn this study, seven strains of cells were isolated from a trickle‐bed air biofilter used for continuously treating paint of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) for six months. The morphology and biochemical study was conducted by streaking isolated mixed culture in solid agar slant media and the cell shapes were identified by using an electron microscope. It was found that this mixed culture was gram‐negative for seven different isolates. The isolated strains were grown on substrates including methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), toluene, n‐butyl acetate, and o‐xylene (MTBX), as the carbon and energy sources. Among the seven isolates, an AKM 02 strain had a high MTBX‐degrading activity and was identified as Shewanella putrefaciens by taxonomical analysis, biochemical tests and 16S rDNA gene analysis methods. All isolates grew in a pH range from 3.0–11.0 with an optimum range of 6.0–8.0. In addition, each of the isolates grew in the temperature range of 15–45 °C with an optimum range between 25–30 °C. The batch experiments were conducted at four different initial MTBX concentrations ranging from 100–1000 mg L–1. S. putrefaciens was capable of completely degrading n‐butyl acetate, MEK and toluene at a concentration lower than 500 mg L–1. When the initial concentration of n‐butyl acetate, MEK and toluene were 500 mg L–1, S. putrefaciens could remove the n‐butyl acetate, MEK and toluene completely within 70, 98 and 110 h, respectively. However, for o‐xylene at concentration of 500 mg L–1, incomplete degradation was observed with only 70 % of the o‐xylene degraded after 135 h. Collectively, the results indicate that the S. putrefaciens strain degrades MTBX at a faster rate, and this strain can be used effectively in trickle‐bed air biofilters for treating high strength mixtures of paint solvents.
Synthesis, Characterisation, and In Vitro Evaluation of Pro2‐Ile3‐S‐Deoxo‐Amaninamide and Pro2‐D‐allo‐Ile3‐S‐Deoxo‐Amaninamide: Implications for Structure–Activity Relationships in Amanitin Conformation and Toxicity
Authors: May Jonathan P. , Fournier Pierre , Patrick Brian O. , Perrin David M. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe amatoxins are a family of toxic bicyclic peptides that inhibit RNA polymerase II. Herein we discuss an improved synthesis of these compounds from easily obtainable amino acids by means of a solid‐phase methodology. Interestingly, we obtained two products of the same mass following our final macrocyclisation, relating to a similar distribution of products described in some previous reports. One of these products was the desired amatoxin; Pro2‐Ile3‐S‐deoxo‐amaninamide 1 b. The other compound, after thorough investigation, was confirmed to be the epimer Pro2‐D‐allo‐Ile3‐S‐deoxo‐amaninamide 1 a, not an atropisomer structure as previously suggested in syntheses of related amanitin analogues. Crystallographic data of 1 a confirms the presence of a βII‐turn, rather than a βI‐turn common to the natural toxin and 1 b. This difference explains the large variation in CD spectra, although it seems to have relatively little effect on the bioactivity in vitro. These data provide new insights into the bicyclic amatoxin structure.
Investigation of structural perfection and faceting in highly Er‐doped Yb3Al5O12 crystals
Authors: Kolodziejak K. , Wierzchowski W. , Wieteska K. , Malinowski M. , Graeff W. , Lukasiewicz T. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe undoped Yb3Al5O12 (YbAG) single crystals and doped with 1.5, 10 and 30 at% erbium were grown by the Czochralski method. The YbAG crystals offer efficient emission of laser beam of 2.94 µm and 1.55 µm important for practical applications in communication and medicine. The crystals were investigated by various synchrotron X‐ray diffraction methods including white beam topographic methods, monochromatic beam topography and recording of the rocking curves. The experiments were performed at E2 and F1 experimental stations in HASYLAB. The investigations proved a good crystallographic perfection of the crystals, in most cases revealing only segregation fringes and growth facets. The crystallographic identification of the facets was performed together with direct evaluation of growth front radius from the transmission section topographs. Relative lattice parameter changes connected with erbium segregation were found to be less than 2 × 10‐5 inside the segregation fringes and 8 × 10‐5 in the facets. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Two and three‐dimensional numerical modeling of induction heating in oxide Czochralski systems
Authors: Tavakoli M. H. , Wilke H. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractIn this article we report on a set of two‐dimensional and three‐dimensional numerical calculations for three different oxide Czochralski configurations in order to compare the results of the electromagnetic fields and the heat generation distribution. Two configurations without and with a gap between the crucible and active afterheater have axisymmetric conditions while the configuration with an open observation window in the afterheater is characterized by a non‐axisymmetric geometry. It has been found that in the non‐axisymmetric configuration under the influence of the observation window is located at the crucible side wall after a short distance behind the window cut out. Besides this influence the volumetric distribution of heat generation in the system is about symmetric. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)