bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of schisandrin B and sesamin mixture on CCl4‐induced hepatic oxidative stress in rats
Authors: Chang Chia‐Yu , Chen Ya‐Ling , Yang Suh‐Ching , Huang Guan‐Cheng , Tsi Daniel , Huang Chi‐Chang , Chen Jiun‐Rong , Li Joe‐Sharg 
Published: October 2008

AbstractTo study the effects of schisandrin B and sesamin mixture on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)‐induced hepatic oxidative stress in male Sprague‐Dawley rats. The rats were randomly assigned to five groups: control group (olive oil injection), CCl4 group (CCl4 injection), silymarin group (CCl4 injection combined with supplementation of silymarin, 7.5 mg/kg/day), low dose group (CCl4 injection combined with supplementation of schisandrin B and sesamin mixture at a low dose, 43 mg/kg/day) and high dose group (CCl4 injection combined with the supplementation of schisandrin B and sesamin mixture at a high dose, 215 mg/kg/day). The hepatic superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities of rats in the low dose and high dose groups were increased significantly compared with those in the CCl4 group. The hepatic reduced glutathione concentration in the silymarin, low dose and high dose groups were increased significantly (48%, 45% and 53%, respectively) when compared with those of the CCl4 group. In addition, the concentration of glutathione in the erythrocytes of the low dose group was significantly higher than the CCl4 group by 25%. These results suggest that the schisandrin B–sesamin mixture exerted a hepatoprotective effect by improving the antioxidative capacity in rats under CCl4‐induced hepatic oxidative stress. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Attenuation of colitis injury in rats using Garcinia cambogia extract
Authors: dos Reis Samara Bonesso , de Oliveira Caroline Candida , Acedo Simone Coghetto , da Conceição Miranda Daniel Duarte , Ribeiro Marcelo Lima , Pedrazzoli José , Gambero Alessandra 
Published: October 2008

AbstractInflammatory bowel disease (IBD), Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis are chronic enteropathies that probably result from a dysregulated mucosal immune response. These pathologies are characterized by oxidative and nitrosative stress, leukocyte infiltration and up‐regulation of pro‐inflammatory substances. Current IBD treatment presents limitations in both efficacy and safety that stimulated the search for new active compounds. Garcinia cambogia extract has attracted interest due to its pharmacological properties, including gastroprotective effects. In this study, the antiinflammatory activity of a garcinia extract was assessed in TNBS‐induced colitis rats. The results obtained revealed that garcinia administration to colitic rats significantly improved the macroscopic damage and caused substantial reductions in increases in MPO activity, COX‐2 and iNOS expression. In addition, garcinia extract treatment was able to reduce PGE2 and IL‐1β colonic levels. These antiinflammatory actions could be related to a reduction in DNA damage in isolated colonocytes, observed with the comet assay. Finally, garcinia extract caused neither mortality nor toxicity signals after oral administration. As such, the antiinflammatory effects provided by the Garcinia cambogia extract result in an improvement of several parameters analysed in experimental colitis and could provide a source for the search for new antiinflammatory compounds useful in IBD treatment. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prediction of visibility and aerosol within the operational Met Office Unified Model. I: Model formulation and variational assimilation
Authors: Clark P. A. , Harcourt S. A. , Macpherson B. , Mathison C. T. , Cusack S. , Naylor M. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe formulation and performance of the Met Office visibility analysis and prediction system are described. The visibility diagnostic within the limited‐area Unified Model is a function of humidity and a prognostic aerosol content. The aerosol model includes advection, industrial and general urban sources, plus boundary‐layer mixing and removal by rain. The assimilation is a 3‐dimensional variational scheme in which the visibility observation operator is a very nonlinear function of humidity, aerosol and temperature. A quality control scheme for visibility data is included. Visibility observations can give rise to humidity increments of significant magnitude compared with the direct impact of humidity observations. We present the results of sensitivity studies which show the contribution of different components of the system to improved skill in visibility forecasts. Visibility assimilation is most important within the first 6‐12 hours of the forecast and for visibilities below 1 km, while modelling of aerosol sources and advection is important for slightly higher visibilities (1‐5 km) and is still significant at longer forecast times. © Crown Copyright 2008. Reproduced with the permission of the Controller of HMSO. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Empirical model for the electron impact K‐shell ionization cross section of atoms
Authors: Patoary M. A. R. , Uddin M. Alfaz , Haque A. K. F. , Shahjahan M. , Basak A. K. , Talukder M. R. , Saha B. C. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractA new semiempirical model comprising few important features of the DM model of Deutsch et al. (Int J Mass Spectrom 1998, 177, 47) and the widely used empirical model of Bell et al. (J Phys Chem Ref Data 1983, 12, 891) has been proposed. The proposed model has been examined to evaluate the electron impact K‐shell ionization cross sections of 30 atomic targets ranging from H to U (Z = 1–92) and found to describe with considerable success the experimental results over a wide range of incident energies up to 2 GeV using a single set of species independent parameters. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2009
Effect of ring annelation on cations [M = H+, Li+, Na+, K+, Be2+, Mg2+, and Ca2+]…benzene interaction: A density functional theory investigation
Authors: Yuan Xiao‐Li , Cheng Xin‐Lu , Su Xin‐Fang 
Published: October 2008

AbstractDensity functional theory calculation was carried out on cation‐π complexes formed by cations [M = H+, Li+, Na+, K+, Be2+, Mg2+, and Ca2+] and π systems of annelated benzene. The cation‐π bonding energy of Be2+ or Mg2+ with annelated benzene is very strong in comparison with the common cation‐π intermolecular interaction, and the bonding energies follow the order Be2+ > Mg2+ > Ca2+ > Li+ > Na+ > K+. Similarly, the interaction energies follow the trend 1‐M < 2‐M < 3‐M for all the metal cations considered. These outcomes may be due to the weak interactions of the metal cations with CH and the interactions of metal cations with π in addition to the nature of a metal cation. We have also investigated on all the possible substituted sites, and find that the metal ion tends to interact with all ring atoms while proton prefers to bind covalently to one of the ring carbons. The binding of metal cations with annelated benzenes has striking effect on nuclear magnetic resonance chemical shifts using the gauge independent atomic orbital method. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2009
Autonomous off‐road navigation with end‐to‐end learning for the LAGR program
Authors: Bajracharya Max , Howard Andrew , Matthies Larry H. , Tang Benyang , Turmon Michael 
Published: October 2008

AbstractWe describe a fully integrated real‐time system for autonomous off‐road navigation that uses end‐to‐end learning from onboard proprioceptive sensors, operator input, and stereo cameras to adapt to local terrain and extend terrain classification into the far field to avoid myopic behavior. The system consists of two learning algorithms: a short‐range, geometry‐based local terrain classifier that learns from very few proprioceptive examples and is robust in many off‐road environments; and a long‐range, image‐based classifier that learns from geometry‐based classification and continuously generalizes geometry to appearance, making it effective even in complex terrain and varying lighting conditions. In addition to presenting the learning algorithms, we describe the system architecture and results from the Learning Applied to Ground Robots (LAGR) program's field tests. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Preparation and resistivity study of silver nanocomposite films using spin‐assisted layer‐by‐layer assembly
Authors: Feng Zhizhong , Yan Fengyuan 
Published: October 2008

AbstractNanocomposite films [Ag/(PAH‐PSS)nPAH]m were fabricated on a silicon substrate using a time‐ and cost‐efficient spin‐assisted layer‐by‐layer (SA‐LbL) self‐assembly technique. A virtually monolayer‐like layer of self‐assembled silver nanoparticles was formed when deposition time increased to 30 min. It was found that polymer multilayers could effectively decrease the resistivity of silver nanoparticle monolayer, which was far higher than that of bulk silver metal; however, the resistivity of Ag/(PAH‐PSS)nPAH multilayer films increased along with the increasing of the number of polymer bilayers. XPS investigations showed that silver nanoparticles were partially oxidized, which might be the major cause of the high resistivity of silver nanoparticle monolayer. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A tall, green future
Authors: Gill Gordon 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe task of the architect has always been to find a balance between art and science, between performance and beauty. Conventionally, talking about the science of architecture has meant a discussion of building structure and systems, and the effect those elements will have on a building's interior and immediate exterior environments. We have not traditionally regarded the science of architecture as something that has a far‐reaching effect on our neighbourhoods, our cities and our planet as a whole. But now we are rapidly approaching a critical juncture in our earth's history. Pollution is threatening our environment, our air quality, our water, our very way of life. Contrary to popular thinking, it is often buildings, not automobiles that are the largest environmental offenders. This is especially true in urban areas, where buildings are responsible for as much as 80% of carbon emissions. The design community must accept responsibility for curbing the dangerous levels of pollution generated by modern buildings, and create a built environment that exists in harmony with the natural world. But we cannot move backwards. We will need to make concessions, but we cannot expect society to operate in a world without modern conveniences and comforts. Instead, we must learn to work within these parameters. The buildings of the 21st century must move beyond performing programmatically and aesthetically. They must also perform efficiently and cleanly, and be powered by natural energy. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assessment of modal pushover analysis and conventional nonlinear static procedure with load distributions of federal emergency management agency for high‐rise buildings
Authors: Poursha Mehdi , Khoshnoudian Faramarz , Moghadam A. S. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe nonlinear static pushover analysis technique is mostly used in the performance‐based design of structures. However, the pushover analysis with load distributions of Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) loses its accuracy in estimating the seismic responses of long‐period structures where higher mode effects are important. Recently, modal pushover analysis (MPA) has been proposed to consider these effects. Hence, FEMA load patterns and MPA are evaluated in the current study and compared with inelastic response history analysis. These approximate procedures are applied to medium‐rise (10 and 15 stories) and high‐rise (20 and 30 stories) buildings; advantages and limitations of them are elaborated. It is shown that MPA procedure presents significant advantage over FEMA load distributions in predicting story drifts. MPA is able to compute hinge plastic rotations better than FEMA load distributions at upper floor levels of high‐rise buildings due to considering higher mode effects by this procedure, but both are unsuccessful in predicting hinge plastic rotations with acceptable accuracy. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determinants of urinary 8‐hydroxy‐2′‐deoxyguanosine in Chinese children with acute leukemia
Authors: Yang You , Tian Ying , Yan Chonghuai , Jin Xingming , Tang Jingyan , Shen Xiaoming 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe 8‐hydroxy‐2′‐deoxyguanosine (8‐OHdG), an oxidized nucleoside of DNA, not only is a widely used biomarker for the measurement of endogenous oxidative DNA damage, but might also be a risk factor for many diseases including cancer. Elevated level of urinary 8‐OHdG has been detected in patients with various malignancies. In the present study, the level of urinary 8‐OHdG was examined in 116 Chinese children with acute leukemia (94 acute lymphoid leukemia, ALL, 22 acute myeloid leukemia, AML), and its correlation with urinary metal elements was investigated. Our result showed that the level of urinary 8‐OHdG in children with acute leukemia before treatment was significantly elevated compared with that in normal controls (11.92 ± 15.42 vs. 4.03 ± 4.70 ng/mg creatinine, P < 0.05). In particular, urinary 8‐OHdG was higher in children with acute leukemia aged under 3 years (20.86 ± 21.75 ng/mg creatinine) than in those aged 3–15 years (8.09 ± 9.65 ng/mg creatinine), whereas no differences were shown in terms of gender, parental smoking and education, household income, place of residence, and use of paracetamol. In addition, urinary 8‐OHdG levels were similar among different subtypes of acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL) patients. Furthermore, linear regression analysis revealed a significant correlation between urinary 8‐OHdG and urinary Cr, but not Fe or As, in group aged <3 years compared with group aged 3–15 years (P = 0.041), indicating that the metal elements may be involved in increasing urinary 8‐OHdG level in younger children with acute leukemia. Our results suggest that children with acute leukemia undergo an increased risk of oxidative DNA damage, which may be correlated with high level of Cr exposure in Chinese children with acute leukemia. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol, 2009.
Phenotypic heterogeneity of N370S homozygotes with type I Gaucher disease: An analysis of 798 patients from the ICGG Gaucher Registry
Authors: Fairley C. , Zimran A. , Phillips M. , Cizmarik M. , Yee J. , Weinreb N. , Packman S. 
Published: October 2008

SummaryGaucher disease is a lysosomal storage disorder caused by a deficiency of the enzyme acid β‐glucosidase. The most prevalent mutant genotype in type I Gaucher disease, N370S/N370S, is commonly thought to confer a mild phenotype presenting in adulthood. To characterize a subset of more severely affected N370S homozygotes, we assessed the phenotypes at or near the time of diagnosis of all N370S homozygotes with available data enrolled in the International Collaborative Gaucher Group Gaucher Registry. N370S compound heterozygotes were analyzed for comparison, as they are expected to present with a more severe phenotype. Of 798 N370S homozygotes and 1,278 N370S compound heterozygotes identified, 32% (251/788) and 65% (820/1269), respectively, were diagnosed before age 20 years. At diagnosis, N370S homozygotes as compared to N370S compound heterozygotes had the following clinical characteristics: irreversible skeletal lesions 17% (34/198) for N370S homozygotes versus 26% (76/290) for N370S compound heterozygotes; anaemia 18% (59/327) versus 29% (145/494); thrombocytopenia 52% (170/327) versus 62% (281/453); hepatomegaly 44% (83/190) versus 72% (141/195); splenomegaly 73% (142/194) versus 91% (178/195); and osteopenia or osteoporosis 48.6% (34/70) versus 51% (25/49). Some N370S homozygotes exhibited more severe clinical manifestations: 9% (29/327) had severe thrombocytopenia; 3% (5/190) had severe hepatomegaly; 11% (22/194) had severe splenomegaly; 7% (18/255) reported bone crises; 11% (8/70) had osteoporosis. In conclusion, N370S homozygosity does not consistently confer a mild, adult‐onset phenotype. Gaucher disease patients with the N370S/N370S genotype exhibit a high degree of phenotypic heterogeneity and some may be at risk for early disease onset and severe clinical manifestations.
Effect of Linseed Fed as Rolled Seeds, Extruded Seeds or Oil on Fatty Acid Rumen Metabolism and Intestinal Digestibility in Cows
Authors: Doreau Michel , Laverroux Sophie , Normand Jérôme , Chesneau Guillaume , Glasser Frédéric 
Published: October 2008

AbstractLinseed, a source of linolenic acid, is used in ruminant diets to increase polyunsaturated fatty acids (FA) in animal products. Seed processing is known to have an impact on FA rumen metabolism, but few data are available for linseed. We studied the effect of linseed lipid on ruminal metabolism and intestinal digestibility in cows. Three modes of linseed processing: rolled linseed (RL), extruded linseed (EL) and linseed oil plus linseed meal (LO), supplemented at 7.5% of DM intake, were compared to a control diet (C). Duodenal flows, intestinal digestibility and plasma composition were determined. The duodenal flow of linolenic acid was similar among diets. The sum of t10 and t11‐18:1, which were coeluted, was increased with lipid‐supplemented diets and represented more than 60% of trans 18:1 for EL and LO diets. The main 18:2 isomers were c9, c12 and t11, c15 among the non‐conjugated isomers, and t11, t13 among CLA. Linseed supplementation increased the duodenal flow of unsaturated intermediates of biohydrogenation, and this effect was more pronounced for extruded seeds and oil than for rolled seeds. For most 18‐carbon FA, intestinal digestibility was slightly higher for C and LO diets than for RL and EL. Plasma concentrations of non‐conjugated 18:2 and linolenic acid were similar among the lipid‐supplemented diets. Within diet, profiles of 18:1 isomers (except c9) remained very similar between duodenal and plasma FA.
Effect of the Addition of Waxes on the Crystallization Behavior of Anhydrous Milk Fat
Authors: Martini Silvana , Carelli Amalia A. , Lee Jiwon 
Published: October 2008

AbstractPhysicochemical characteristics of lipid‐based foods depend, among other factors, on the microstructure and the characteristics of the lipid network formed during crystallization. The objective of this study, was to evaluate the effect of the addition of sunflower oil waxes on the crystallization and melting behavior of anhydrous milk fat (AMF), a lipid with a low content of palmitic and trans‐fatty acids. The crystallization and melting behavior of AMF alone and with the addition of 0.25 and 0.5% of waxes was studied using a differential scanning calorimeter. The morphology of the crystallized samples was evaluated with a polarized light microscope. The addition of waxes induced and promoted the crystallization of AMF at high temperatures (>25 °C) as evidenced by lower induction times of crystallization and higher crystallization and melting enthalpies. In addition, smaller crystals and different morphologies were obtained when AMF was crystallized with the addition of waxes. These results suggest that waxes could be used as an additive to modify lipid networks and their physicochemical characteristics, such as texture, smoothness and mouthfeel.
Measurement of Whole Soybean Fatty Acids by Near Infrared Spectroscopy
Authors: Igne Benoit , Rippke Glen R. , Hurburgh Charles R. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractWhole soybean fatty acid contents were measured by near infrared spectroscopy. Three calibration algorithms—partial least squares (PLS), artificial neural networks (ANN), and least squares support vector machines (LS‐SVM)—were implemented. Three different validation strategies using independent sets and part of calibration samples as validation sets were created. There was a significant improvement of the prediction precision of all fatty acids measured on relative concentration of oil compared with previous literature using PLS (standard error of prediction of 0.85, 0.42, 1.64, 1.67, and 0.90% for palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic and linolenic acids respectively). ANN and LS‐SVM methods performed significantly better than PLS for palmitic, oleic and linolenic acids. Calibration models developed on relative concentrations (% of oil) were compared to prediction models created on absolute fatty acid concentration (% of weight) and corrected to relative concentration by multiplying by the predicted oil content. While models were easier to develop in absolute concentration (higher coefficients of determination), the multiplication of errors with the total oil content model resulted in no net precision improvement.
The Use of the NMP22 BladderChek Test for Bladder Cancer to Optimise Investigations in a One-Stop Haematuria Clinic
Authors: Bott Simon , Chanawani Malek , Mostafid Hugh 
Published: October 2008

Objective: We assessed the value of the NMP22 BladderChek point-of-care (POC) test (Kyowa Hakko UK Ltd., Slough, UK) in a one-stop haematuria clinic to optimise the choice of further investigations. Patients and methods: Over 34 months from 2005 until 2007, 590 patients presenting to a haematuria clinic were initially assessed with the NMP22 POC test. Patients with a positive NMP22 were counselled and offered further investigation with upper tract imaging and a general anaesthetic cystoscopy without first undergoing flexible cystoscopy (FC). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of the NMP22 POC test in this setting were calculated. The financial impact of this policy was assessed. Results: In total 58 of 590 men were NMP22 positive. Urothelial malignancy was identified in 22 patients and 5 had a non-urothelial malignancy of the genitourinary system. The sensitivity of the NMP22 test in detecting urothelial malignancy in newly presenting patients was 56.4%, specificity 93.5%, PPV 38.0% and NPV 97.0%. Eleven had no abnormality and none have subsequently developed a malignancy. The number of patients requiring FC fell by 10% resulting in significant financial savings. Conclusion: The NMP22 POC test can be used as the first test in a haematuria clinic to optimise the choice of subsequent investigations resulting in financial savings.
The effect of unethical behavior on trust in a buyer–supplier relationship: The mediating role of psychological contract violation
Authors: Hill James A. , Eckerd Stephanie , Wilson Darryl , Greer Bertie 
Published: October 2008

AbstractResearch on trust in buyer–supplier relationships has tended to focus on the performance outcomes of a trusting relationship, as well as the processes that serve to build trust. Largely absent from the buyer–supplier literature is an in‐depth examination of activities that break down trust, and the resulting effect on supplier trust in the buyer. The authors propose and test a model that evaluates psychological contract violations between a buyer and a supplier as a mediating variable of the effect of unethical activities on trust within a partnership. Survey data was collected from 110 tier one suppliers of major corporations in the state of Ohio. Our results show how a supplier's perception of a violation of the psychological contract either partially mediates or fully mediates the relationship between the buyers unethical activity and the suppliers trust in that buyer. We discuss how suppliers may demonstrate bounded ethicality when they overlook perceived unethical behaviors by the buyer.
THE ISOPERIMETRIC PROBLEM ON PLANES WITH DENSITY
Authors: CARROLL COLIN , JACOB ADAM , QUINN CONOR , WALTERS ROBIN 
Published: October 2008

AbstractWe discuss the isoperimetric problem in planes with density. In particular, we examine planes with generalized curvature zero. We solve the isoperimetric problem on the plane with density ex, as well as on the plane with density rp for p<0. The Appendix provides a proof by Robert Bryant that the Gauss plane has a unique closed geodesic.