bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhancing reporting through structure: a before and after study on the effectiveness of SPIRIT-based templates to improve the completeness of reporting of randomized controlled trial protocols
Authors: Blanco David , Donadio Marcio Vinicius Fagundes , Cadellans-Arróniz Aïda 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
Despite the improvements in the completeness of reporting of randomized trial protocols after the publication of the Standard Protocol Items: Recommendations for Interventional Trial (SPIRIT) guidelines, many items remain poorly reported. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of using SPIRIT-tailored templates for trial protocols to improve the completeness of reporting of the protocols that master’s students write as part of their master’s theses.
Methods
Uncontrolled before and after experimental study performed at the University Master’s Degree in Orthopaedic Manual Physiotherapy of the Universitat Internacional de Catalunya (Barcelona, Spain). While students in the post-intervention period were instructed to use a trial protocol template that was tailored to SPIRIT, students in the pre-intervention period did not use the template. Primary outcome: difference between post- and pre-intervention periods in the mean number of adequately reported items (0–10 scale). The outcomes were evaluated independently and in duplicate by two blinded assessors. Students and their supervisors were not aware that they were part of a research project. For the statistical analysis, we used a generalized linear regression model (dependent variable: proportion of adequately reported items in the protocol; independent variables: intervention period, call, language).
Results
Thirty-four trial protocols were included (17, pre-intervention; 17, post-intervention). Protocols produced during the post-intervention period (mean: 8.24; SD: 1.52) were more completely reported than those produced during the pre-intervention period (mean: 6.35; SD: 1.80); adjusted difference: 1.79 (95% CI: 0.58 to 3.00).
Conclusions
SPIRIT-based templates could be used to improve the completeness of reporting of randomized trial protocols.
Analysis of the characteristics of unintentional deaths in children under the age of five from 2018 to 2020 in Hangzhou, China Childhood Unintentional deaths
Authors: Qian Xia , Hu Ye , Chen Jinqing , Huang Dan 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Backgroundː This study analyzedthe current status of unintentional death among children under the age of five in Hangzhou from 2018 to 2020. Through the study of death characteristics and trend prediction, it is hoped that key populations, household registration, and seasons can be identified, thereby providing evidence for the development of intervention measures and effective prevention and control management of unintentional injury deaths.
Methods: A total of 198 cases of deaths among children under the age of five in Hangzhou in China from 2018 to 2020 were collected. The occurrence of unintentional deaths among children was analyzed based on factors such as age, gender, household registration, season of occurrence, and causes of death.
Resultsː The unintentional mortality rate among children under the age of five in Hangzhou in China from 2018 to 2020 was 0.65‰, with no significant trend change. Analysis of causes of death among different age groups showed that accidental suffocation was the main cause of death for infants, while drowning, traffic accidents, and accidental falls were the main causes of death for children aged one to four years, with statistically significant differences.
Conclusion:The composition of child injury causes varies among different age groups, household registrations, and seasons. Targeted strategies and measures for child injury prevention should be developed based on these characteristics.
Distinct multimodal biological and functional profiles of symptom-based subgroups in recent-onset psychosis
Authors: Koutsouleris Nikolaos , Buciuman Madalina-Octavia , Vetter Clara Sophie , Weyer Clara Francesca Charlotte , Zhutovsky Paul , Perdomo Santiago Tovar , Khuntia Adyasha , milaneschi yuri , Popovic David , Ruef Anne , Dwyer Dominic , Chisholm Katharine , Kambeitz Lana , Antonucci Linda , Ruhrmann Stephan , Kambeitz Joseph , Riecher-Rössler Anita , Upthegrove Rachel , Salokangas Raimo , Hietala Jarmo , Pantelis Christos , Lencer Rebekka , Meisenzahl Eva , Wood Stephen , Brambilla Paolo , Borgwardt Stefan , Bertolino Alessandro , Falkai Peter 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Symptom heterogeneity characterizes psychotic disorders and hinders the delineation of underlying biomarkers. Here, we identify symptom-based subtypes of recent-onset psychosis (ROP) patients from the multi-center PRONIA (Personalized Prognostic Tools for Early Psychosis Management) database and explore their multimodal biological and functional signatures. We clustered N = 328 ROP patients based on their maximum factor scores in an exploratory factor analysis on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale items. We assessed inter-subgroup differences and compared to N = 464 healthy control (HC) individuals regarding gray matter volume (GMV), neurocognition, polygenic risk scores, and longitudinal functioning trajectories. Finally, we evaluated factor stability at 9- and 18-month follow-ups. A 4-factor solution optimally explained symptom heterogeneity, showing moderate longitudinal stability. The ROP-MOTCOG (Motor/Cognition) subgroup was characterized by GMV reductions within salience, control and default mode networks, predominantly throughout cingulate regions, relative to HC individuals, had the most impaired neurocognition and the highest genetic liability for schizophrenia. ROP-SOCWD (Social Withdrawal) patients showed GMV reductions within medial fronto-temporal regions of the control, default mode, and salience networks, and had the lowest social functioning across time points. ROP-POS (Positive) evidenced GMV decreases in salience, limbic and frontal regions of the control and default mode networks. The ROP-AFF (Affective) subgroup showed GMV reductions in the salience, limbic, and posterior default-mode and control networks, thalamus and cerebellum. GMV reductions in fronto-temporal regions of the salience and control networks were shared across subgroups. Our results highlight the existence of behavioral subgroups with distinct neurobiological and functional profiles in early psychosis, emphasizing the need for refined symptom-based diagnosis and prognosis frameworks.
Implementing SARS-CoV-2 Routine Surveillance in Antenatal Care in Zambia, 2021-2022: Best Practices and Lessons Learned
Authors: Tembo Tannia , Heilmann Elizabeth , Kabamba Bupe Mulenga , Fwoloshi Sombo , Kalenga Kalubi , Chilambe Felix , Siwinga Mpanji , Rutagwera Marie-Reine , Musunse Maximillian , Kangale Chabu , Yingst Samuel , Yadav Ruchi , Savory Theodora , Gutman Julie R. , Sikazwe Izukanji , Mulenga Lloyd B. , Moore Carolyn Bolton , Hines Jonas Z. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
Pregnant women are an easily accessible population for HIV and malaria surveillance. The ANC COVID-19 Surveillance study sought to determine SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence among pregnant women in Zambia. We provide insight into the challenges, good practices, successes, and lessons learned from the surveillance study.
Methods
Between September 2021 and September 2022, 39 health facilities in four districts enrolled up to 20 pregnant women per month aged 15–49 years attending their first antenatal care visit. Consenting participants completed an electronic questionnaire and provided a blood sample for the SARS-CoV-2 antibody test. Problems and their root causes were defined and documented as they occurred. The most practical and feasible problem-solving strategies were devised, implemented, and monitored to ensure that goals were accomplished.
Results
Overall, 5% of the expected 9,010 SARS-CoV-2 antibody results were unavailable due to missing dried blood spot cards. The Delta and Omicron waves and the division of study districts across two different partners delayed surveillance activities. Ministry of Health staff were trained from a limited pool of health facility staff to conduct study activities. The study incurred unplanned costs for the purchase of additional kits and machine maintenance.
Conclusions
Incorporating SARS-CoV-2 surveillance into routine antenatal care is feasible and potentially sustainable when existing health system infrastructure, human resources, and surveillance platforms are leveraged. Yet, careful planning is needed to anticipate implementation challenges and ensure high-quality data collection.
Exploring the predictive power of sports participation motivation and sports benefits on the health and physical fitness of college students
Authors: Liu Li , Zhang Tingran , Liu Yongsen , Luo Jiong 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Objective: To explore the relationship between college students' motivation for sports participation, physical activity volume, conscious exercise benefits, and healthy physical fitness.
Method: A random sampling survey method was used to obtain a total of 3700 questionnaires for college students in the Chengdu and Chongqing regions of western China, and SPSS 21.0 was used to statistically process the data obtained.
Result: The BMI status of college students is influenced by their level of physical activity. The higher their level of physical activity, the higher their sense of sports identity and satisfaction; The level of sports participation among college students is significantly lower, with females being significantly lower than males; The main factors affecting the physical fitness of college students include the amount of physical activity, BMI, awareness of sports participation, motivation for participation, and exercise habits.
Conclusion: Motivation for sports participation, physical activity volume, and conscious exercise benefits can significantly predict the health and physical fitness of college students, and this predictive power is mainly reflected in two aspects: lower limb explosive strength and cardiopulmonary fitness.
Assessing the feasibility of test-and-cull and test-and-segregation approaches for the control of bovine tuberculosis in Ethiopian dairy farms
Authors: Lakew Matios , Tadesse Biniam , Sriniva Sreenidhi , Aschalew Muluken , Andarge Bekele , Kebede Dirshaye , Etifu Addisu , Alemu Tena , Yalew Bekele , Benti Teferi , Olani Abebe , Abera Shubisa , Bedada Wegene , Fromsa Abebe , Mekonnen Getnet Abie , Almaw Gizat , Ameni Gobena , Ashenafi Hagos , Gumi Balako , Bakker Douwe , Kapur Vivek 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is endemic and has a substantial impact on the livestock sector in Ethiopia and other low and middle-income countries (LMICs). With a national emphasis on dairy farm intensification to boost milk production and spur economic growth, the incidence of bTB is anticipated to rise. However, Ethiopia, like other LMICs, lacks a comprehensive national bTB control strategy due to the economic and social infeasibility of traditional test-and-cull (TaC) approaches. To inform the development of such a strategy, we evaluated the effectiveness and economic implications of TaC and test-and-segregation (TaS) strategies for bTB control on Ethiopian dairy farms. A TaC approach was used at Farm A [N = 62; comparative cervical test (CCT) > 4 mm, starting prevalence 11.3%] while TaS was implemented at Farm B (N = 45; CCT > 4 mm, prevalence 22.2%), with testing intervals of 2–4 months. Both strategies achieved a reduction in bTB prevalence to 0%, requiring seven rounds of TaC over 18 months at Farm A, and five rounds of TaS over 12 months at Farm B. The results show that adopting more sensitive thresholds [CCT > 0 mm or single cervical test (SCT) > 2 mm] during later rounds was pivotal in identifying and managing previously undetected infections, emphasizing the critical need for optimized diagnostic thresholds. Cost analysis revealed that TaC was approximately twice as expensive as TaS, primarily due to testing, labor, and cow losses in TaC, versus construction of new facilities and additional labor for TaS. This underscores the economic and logistical challenges of bTB management in resource-limited settings. Taken together, our study highlights an urgent need for the exploration of alternative approaches including TaS and or vaccination to mitigate within herd transmission and enable implementation of bTB control in regions where TaC is not feasible.
Impact of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) in the return to intended oncologic treatment in patients with advanced ovarian cancer.
Authors: Acosta Úrsula , Catalán Sara , Luzarraga Ana , Míguez Marta , Pamies Mónica , Pérez-Benavente Asunción , Sánchez-Iglesias Jose Luis 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Treatment of advanced ovarian cancer (AOC) consists of cytoreductive surgery followed by chemotherapy (CT). Delays between surgery and CT could harm survival. Intensified recovery after surgery (ERAS) programs reduce hospital stay without increasing morbimortality. We hypothesized that ERAS protocols in patients undergoing surgery for AOC allow earlier initiation of CT and improve survival.
Methods
Retrospective cohort study including patients with ovarian, tubal, or primary peritoneal cancer, FIGO stages IIB-IV, undergoing debulking surgery and adjuvant CT at Vall d'Hebron Hospital (Spain). We compared patients within an ERAS protocol and those with conventional management (CONV). Time from surgery to CT, completion of treatment, overall survival and disease-free survival were compared, as well as the impact of adherence to ERAS on time to CT.
Results
We included 137 patients in the ERAS group and 46 in the CONV. CT started at a median of 44.5 days in the ERAS group and 48.5 in the CONV and was completed by 81.8% and 89.1%, respectively, without differences by type of surgery. No correlation between adherence to ERAS and CT onset time was observed, and no differences in survival.
Conclusion
There were no differences in time from surgery to CT, rate of CT completion and survival between patients who follow an ERAS protocol after surgery for AOC or a conventional management. A relationship between adherence to ERAS and an earlier onset of CT wasn't observed. This is the first study to evaluate the time to CT after different types of surgery for AOC within an ERAS protocol.
Effectiveness of Preprocedural Mouthwashes: A Triple-Blind Randomised Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: McGrath Colman , Leung Yiu Yan , Neelakantan Prasanna , Chan Kwok Hung , Leung Joy Ka Yi , Hung Fan Ngai , Huang Shan 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Objective: to determine and compare the effectiveness of three Government-recommended pre-procedural mouthwashes in the mitigation of respiratory pathogens during dental care.
Material and Methods: 228 participants were block-randomised to the pre-procedural mouthwash groups: Povidone-iodine, Hydrogen Peroxide, and Chlorhexidine Digluconate. Participants rinsed with mouthwashes prior to dental treatment. Participants, operators, and assessors were blind to the assigned mouthwashes (triple blind). A multitude of respiratory pathogens (19 viruses including SARS-CoV-2) were assessed. Changes in the prevalence and mean number of ‘any’ pathogen were determined.
Results: All completed the trial and there were no significant differences in the demographic profile with respect to intervention groups (all, P>0.05). The prevalence of ‘any’ detected respiratory viral pathogens in the pre-procedural saliva was 3.5% (8/228) compared to 1.3% (3/228) in post-procedural saliva, P=0.034. The mean number of viruses reduced significantly following pre-procedural mouthwash use: 0.04 (SD 0.18) to 0.01 (SD 0.11), P=0.025. There was no significant difference in the reduction (∆) of ‘any’ detected virus (prevalence), P=0.155, nor any significant reduction in mean number (∆) of ‘any’ detected virus in the post-procedural saliva compared to the pre-procedural saliva of participants with respect to mouthwash used, P=0.375.
Conclusions: The HKSAR recommended practice of pre-procedural mouthwash use was effective in the mitigation of respiratory pathogens during dental aerosol-generating treatment.
Clinical Relevance: The present study lends support for the HKSAR’s policy on pre-proceduralmouthwashes in the mitigation of respiratory pathogens during dental care, this has implications for practice and policy during pandemics.
Joint inversion for magnetotelluric data based on cuckoo search algorithm and least squares method
Authors: Li Ruiyou , Zhang Yong , Ding Xiaohui , Li Min , Zhang Long 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

The main drawback of using traditional linear or quasi-linear methods for magnetotelluric (MT) data inversion is its strong dependence on the initial model, which leads to its tendency to fall into a local optimum. However, the lack of sufficient a priori information makes it difficult to obtain suitable initial models in most geophysical inversions. To solve this problem, a joint approach (CS-MLS) based on the cuckoo search (CS) algorithm and the moving least squares (MLS) method is proposed to perform MT data inversion. The CS algorithm has a good global search performance without being sensitive to the initial model, which is used for the initial search of the stratum model parameter space. The search results are then used as the initial model to explore the quasi-linear inversion based on MLS. The synthetic and field data experiments show that the reliable initial model provided by the CS algorithm has greatly refined the results of the MLS inversion. The joint CS-MLS algorithm has great inversion performance, with significant improvement in inversion efficiency and accuracy, and is especially suitable for MT data inversion without initial information.
A monogenic dominant inheritance of resistance to Berkeleyomyces rouxiae and Berkeleyomyces basicola in lettuce (Lactuca sativa) cultivar ‘La Brillante’
Authors: Perdomo David Nataren , Leite Stéfani S. , Torres Tiago Bezerra , Souza Ruthe Lima , Santos Cleberly Evangeliasta , Fonseca Maria E. N. , Cabral Cléia Santos , Reis Ailton , Boiteux Leonardo Silva 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Black root rot, caused by two Berkeleyomyces species, is a major disease of lettuce in tropical and subtropical areas. The most promising strategy for management of these polyphagous and aggressive pathogens is the deployment of genetic resistance. The heirloom cultivar ‘La Brillante’ displayed resistant reaction against a broad range of isolates of both Berkeleyomyces species (B. basicola and B. rouxiae). Inheritance studies investigating the resistance of ‘La Brillante’ to both pathogens were conducted separately employing F2 populations derived from crosses with the highly susceptible cultivar ‘Elisa’. The hybrid origin of individual F1 plants was assessed via RAPD marker genotyping. Two bona-fide F1 plants were then self-fertilized to obtain two independent F2 segregating populations. The contrasting parents and F2 seedlings were then separately inoculated with B. rouxiae (247 seedlings) and B. basicola (166 seedlings). Chi-square test was employed to assess the goodness of fit of the observed segregation patterns against each pathogen to predicted Mendelian ratios. All ‘Elisa’ plants displayed highly susceptible reactions to both pathogens, whereas all ‘La Brillante’ plants were resistant even under harsh inoculation conditions, indicating high levels of phenotypic penetrance of this trait. The F2 populations inoculated with either B. basicola or B. rouxiae displayed a good fit to 3:1 resistant/susceptible segregation ratios, indicating monogenic dominant resistance to both pathogens. Additional experiments are necessary to verify whether the resistances to B. rouxiae and B. basicola are controlled by either the same gene/locus or distinct genes. This simple monogenic genetic resistance control of B. basicola and B. rouxiae will facilitate the incorporation of these traits into elite lettuce breeding lines and cultivars.
Evaluating the independent contribution of food insecurity from financial insecurity and economic disadvantage on mental health: Evidence from the first UK Covid-19 lockdown.
Authors: Kousta Marina , Glaser Karen , Pabon Mauricio Avendano , Loopstra Rachel 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Purpose: Food insecurity is associated with poor mental health. However, it is not clear whether food insecurity independently contributes to poor mental health outcomes or if this association is driven only by financial insecurity, which characterises food insecurity experiences. To better understand this relationship, we investigated the association between food insecurity and mental health during the first UK lockdown at a time when food insecurity levels increased across the population.
Methods: We employed data from a cross-sectional survey administered through YouGov (July 2020). Questions from the United States Department of Agriculture’s food insecurity module were adapted to measure moderate/severe food insecurity arising from financial or other reasons. Worry about food was also captured. GAD-7 and PHQ-9 measured anxiety and depression. We used logistic regression models to examine the relationship between food insecurity and mental health, and stratified models to assess whether this relationship varied across socioeconomic groups.
Results: Food insecurity was observed in all socioeconomic groups. We found anxiety and depression to be higher among those experiencing food insecurity compared to those who were not. In stratified models, food insecurity was positively associated with anxiety in all socioeconomic strata, but depression only in the moderate and low socioeconomic groups.
Conclusion: Regardless of socioeconomic disadvantage and the financial insecurity that underlies food insecurity, it is likely an independent contributor to poor mental health. Our findings suggest that interventions or policies aimed at reducing food insecurity, may also benefit population mental health.
A Phenomenological Approach Exploring the Experience and Persistence of Millennial Black Women Faculty in Counselor Education in U.S.A.
Authors: Barber Brittany , Ting S. Raymond 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
From a qualitative approach, this study explored the experiences and challenges of six millennial Black women faculty in counselor education in U.S.A., born between 1979 and 1994. Adopting individual semi-structured interviews, the themes in the findings indicate that the millennial Black women counselor educators experience several complexities in their roles related to the academic preparation for faculty, interpersonal challenges within their role, and maintaining modes of persistence through mentorship and autonomy in class selection. Implications for academic preparation for faculty, millennial Black women counselor educators, interpersonal challenges and persistence through mentorship and autonomy are discussed, followed by recommendations for future research.