bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Endoscopic Partial Inferior Turbinoplasty
Authors: Van Delden Mahlon R. , Cook Paul R. , Davis William E. 
Published: November 2005

Endoscopic partial inferior turbinoplasty with a microdebrider has been introduced as an alternative to other inferior turbinectomy techniques for the treatment of nasal airway obstruction. Between June 1994 and December 1997, 100 patients underwent endoscopic partial inferior turbinoplasty. Concurrent septoplasty was performed in 81 patients, and functional endoscopic sinus surgery was performed in 43 patients. Synechiae formation in 12 patients was the most common complication and resolved in nearly all cases. Postoperative improvement in nasal patency occurred in 93% of the patients. In the 48 patients for whom preoperative subjective scores were available, a significant difference was noted when comparing preoperative and postoperative subjective and outcome scores of nasal patency (P < 0.0001). Patients with underlying allergy and chronic sinusitis tended to have lower outcome scores. Postoperative rhinomanometry was obtained in 21 patients and revealed a normalized mean total nasal resistance of 0.23 Pa/mL/second. This improved to 0.17 Pa/mL/second with topical decongestion (P = 0.0029), revealing the retention of the turbinate mucosa's vasoactive capability. We conclude that endoscopic partial inferior turbinoplasty provides a good alternative to other inferior turbinectomy techniques and is associated with excellent outcomes and minimal morbidity.
Q‐Switched Neodymium: Yttrium‐Aluminum‐Garnet Laser Treatment of Lentigo Maligna
Authors: Orten Steven S. , Waner Milton , Dinehart Scott M. , Bardales Ricardo H. , Flock Stephen T. 
Published: November 2005

Lentigo maligna is a premalignant lesion of atypical melanocytes that typically arises on the head and neck of elderly patients. It is considered a melanoma in situ with a significant risk for transformation to invasive lentigo maligna melanoma. Surgery is the preferred method of treatment; however, because of the advanced age of the typical patient with lentigo maligna, the frequency of complicating medical problems, and the cosmetic or functional aspects of treatment, surgical excision is not always feasible. The purpose of this pilot study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Q‐switched neodymium:yttrium‐aluminum‐garnet laser treatment of lentigo maligna. Eight patients were treated with 532 and/or 1064 nm wavelengths from the laser. All patients showed a response to laser therapy, and 2 patients treated with 1 treatment from each wavelength had complete eradication of the LM, with no evidence of recurrence in 42 months. Further study is warranted, but Q‐switched neodymium:yttrium‐aluminum‐garnet laser is a promising alternative treatment for lentigo maligna.
Postoperative Hemorrhage after Tonsillectomy: Use of Ketorolac Tromethamine
Authors: Agrawal Amit , Gerson Carol Roberts , Seligman Ilana , Dsida Richard M. 
Published: November 2005

Recent reports have associated an increased incidence of bleeding after tonsillectomy with the perioperative use of ketorolac tromethamine. To review this association, we examined the hospital and office records of 310 pediatric patients who underwent tonsillectomy with or without adenoidectomy at our institution during a 2‐year period. Of these patients, 213 received ketorolac administered as a single dose at the conclusion of the procedure. The remaining 97 patients did not receive ketorolac. The frequency of postoperative hemorrhage was not found to differ significantly between these 2 groups (2.3% vs. 3.1% respectively, P = 0.71). Furthermore, the average time to discharge after surgery was significantly shorter in those patients who received ketorolac than in those who did not (8.5 hours vs. 12.5 hours, respectively, P < 0.0001). The frequency of overnight hospital stays was also significantly lower in those patients who received ketorolac (16.0% vs. 31.6%, respectively, P < 0.01). Concern over the potential for increased hemorrhage after tonsillectomy has led several authors to caution against the use of ketorolac in this setting. In our study, however, the use of ketorolac was not found to increase the incidence of posttonsillectomy hemorrhage and furthermore was associated with a significant decrease in the length of hospital stay as well as a decreased likelihood of overnight hospital stay after surgery.
Recurrent Cutaneous Melanoma of the Head and Neck
Authors: Zitsch Robert P. , Roberts Gregory D. , Smith Russell B. 
Published: November 2005

INTRODUCTIONRecurrent cutaneous melanoma is generally regarded as having an extremely poor prognosis, particularly when regional lymph nodes are involved. A few reports have documented long‐term survival among those patients treated for regionally recurrent melanoma.METHODSThis article reviews patients at our institution undergoing complete neck dissection for recurrent head and neck melanoma.RESULTSTwenty‐six patients with locoregionally recurrent cutaneous melanoma of the head and neck underwent complete neck dissection with or without parotidectomy. Seventeen of these procedures were for clinically evident cervical lymphadenopathy, whereas 9 of the neck dissections were done electively. Fourteen of the 17 patients with clinical adenopathy were confirmed to have cervical lymph node metastases. Two of the 9 patients who underwent elective neck dissections had pathologic lymph nodes. At 5 years, 38% of the patients with isolated neck recurrences not also having concurrent primary site recurrence were alive without disease.CONCLUSIONSThese results provide further evidence suggesting a benefit in the form of long‐term survival or cure for patients receiving aggressive surgical treatment for resectable recurrent head and neck melanoma involving cervical lymphatics in the absence of distant metastases.
Betahistine Increases Vestibular Blood Flow
Authors: Dziadziola James K. , Laurikainen Esa L. , Rachel John D. , Quirk Wayne S. 
Published: November 2005

Betahistine is used for treatment of several vestibular disorders. Despite the accepted use of this histamine‐like substance, its mechanism of action is not well understood. The purpose of this study was to assess the possibility that one of the activities of betahistine is increasing blood flow in the peripheral vestibular end organs. Using a novel surgical approach, we identified the posterior semicircular canal ampulla of guinea pigs and placed a laser Doppler probe in position to obtain blood flow measurements from the posterior semicircular canal ampulla. Blood pressure, heart rate, and vestibular blood flow were continuously recorded. Concentration‐response curves were obtained for betahistine (2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10 mg/kg) and control‐vehicle (0.15 mol/L NaCl) infusions. A separate group of subjects was pretreated with the competitive selective H3 agonist, thioperimide maleate, before betahistine treatment. Increases in vestibular blood flow and decreases in blood pressure were observed in response to betahistine infusions. Pretreatment with thioperamide maleate abolished these changes at low doses of betahistine and attenuated the responses at higher doses of betahistine. These results show that betahistine administration induces increases in vestibular blood flow. These findings support the potential use of betahistine for treatment of vestibular disorders, which may be caused by compromised circulation.
Preventing Myringotomy Closure with Topical Mitomycin C in Rats
Authors: Estrem Scott A. , Batra Pete S. 
Published: November 2005

The purpose of this study was to determine whether mitomycin C could be used to prolong the patency of the myringotomy site in the absence of ventilation tubes in rats. We examined the effect of increased exposure time and repeat application of mitomycin C to the myringotomy site. Sixty animals were separated into 4 groups: group A had a single application of mitomycin C for 10 minutes; group B had a single application for 20 minutes; group C received 2 10‐minute applications separated by 1 week; and group D received 2 applications (20 and 10 minutes) separated by 1 week. Mitomycin C and bacteriostatic saline solution were applied to the right and left myringotomy sites in each rat, respectively. Experimental ears in groups A, B, C, and D remained open for a median time of 6.5, 5.5, 6.5, and 8.5 weeks, respectively. The control ears healed within 1.5 weeks. This difference was statistically significant with P < 0.001 for each group. We conclude that mitomycin C is effective in prolonging the patency of myringotomies in rat tympanic membranes. Increased exposure time or repeat application of mitomycin C did not statistically alter the patency rate.
Panace@ — a successful open access journal from the STM translation community
Authors: Arroyo Cristina Márquez , Munoa Laura , Navarro Fernando A. , Saladrigas María Verónica , Shashok Karen 
Published: November 2005

ABSTRACTWhen members of an email discussion group for Spanish medical translators decided to start a journal for their community, they could not foresee the huge, immediate success the publication was to achieve. All issues of the quarterly journal Panace@ are published online with open access from the day of publication. There are no submittal fees for authors, subscription fees for members of the parent organization, or access fees for users. Here we report how the journal got started and what sustains it. Although questions of long‐term sustainability remain unresolved, the system used to start Panace@ may be worth considering for other small organizations with limited access to institutional or private sources of funding.
Publishing in American legal and social science periodicals: an ethical comparison
Authors: Yacoubian George S. 
Published: November 2005

ABSTRACTLegal professionals are guided by comprehensive rules of professional conduct. The 2002 American Bar Association Model Rules of Professional Conduct include, for example, guidelines related to attorney competence, conflict of interest, trial publicity and voluntary pro bono service. Despite the commitment to high ethical standards, however, there are no guidelines governing the submission and publication of manuscripts in legal periodicals. In contrast, the peer‐review process in the social sciences operates under informal ethical guidelines. This paper evaluates academic publication procedures and suggests that both the legal profession and the social sciences would benefit from formal rules governing manuscript submission and review.
Sequence features of DNA binding sites reveal structural class of associated transcription factor
Authors: Narlikar Leelavati , Hartemink Alexander J. 
Published: November 2005

Abstract
Motivation: A key goal in molecular biology is to understand the mechanisms by which a cell regulates the transcription of its genes. One important aspect of this transcriptional regulation is the binding of transcription factors (TFs) to their specific cis-regulatory counterparts on the DNA. TFs recognize and bind their DNA counterparts according to the structure of their DNA-binding domains (e.g. zinc finger, leucine zipper, homeodomain). The structure of these domains can be used as a basis for grouping TFs into classes. Although the structure of DNA-binding domains varies widely across TFs generally, the TFs within a particular class bind to DNA in a similar fashion, suggesting the existence of class-specific features in the DNA sequences bound by each class of TFs.
Results: In this paper, we apply a sparse Bayesian learning algorithm to identify a small set of class-specific features in the DNA sequences bound by different classes of TFs; the algorithm simultaneously learns a true multi-class classifier that uses these features to predict the DNA-binding domain of the TF that recognizes a particular set of DNA sequences. We train our algorithm on the six largest classes in TRANSFAC, comprising a total of 587 TFs. We learn a six-class classifier for this training set that achieves 87% leave-one-out cross-validation accuracy. We also identify features within cis-regulatory sequences that are highly specific to each class of TF, which has significant implications for how TF binding sites should be modeled for the purpose of motif discovery.
Contact: lee@cs.duke.edu; amink@cs.duke.edu
A method for predicting disease subtypes in presence of misclassification among training samples using gene expression: application to human breast cancer
Authors: Zhang Wensheng , Rekaya Romdhane , Bertrand Keith 
Published: November 2005

AbstractMotivation: An accurate diagnostic and prediction will not be achieved unless the disease subtype status for every training sample used in the supervised learning step is accurately known. Such an assumption requires the existence of a perfect tool for disease diagnostic and classification, which is seldom available in the majority of the cases. Thus, the supervised learning step has to be conducted with a statistical model that contemplates and handles potential mislabeling in the input data.Results: A procedure for handling potential mislabeling among training samples in the prediction of disease subtypes using gene expression data was proposed. A real data-based simulation study about the estrogen receptor status (ER+/ER−) of breast cancer patients was conducted. The results demonstrated that when 1–4 training samples (N = 30) were artificially mislabeled, the proposed method was able not only in correcting the ER status of mislabeled training samples but also more importantly in predicting the ER status of validation samples as well as using ‘true’ training data.Availability: The programs (in Matlab) used for analysis are publicly available atContact: rrekaya@uga.edu
Intelligent client for integrating bioinformatics services
Authors: Navas-Delgado Ismael , Rojano-Muñoz Maria del Mar , Ramírez Sergio , Pérez Antonio J. , Andrés León Eduardo , Aldana-Montes Jose F. , Trelles Oswaldo 
Published: October 2005

Abstract
Motivation: In addition to existing bioinformatics software, a lot of new tools are being developed world wide to supply services for an ever growing, widely dispersed and heterogeneous collection of biological data. The integration of these resources under a common platform is a challenging task. To this end, several groups are developing integration technologies, in which services are usually registered in some sort of catalogue to allow novel discovering and accessing mechanisms to be implemented. However, each service demands specific interfaces to accommodate their parameters and it is a complicated task linking the different service inputs and outputs to solve a biological problem.
Results: In this work we address the design and implementation of a versatile web client to access BioMOBY compatible services (a system by which a client can interact with multiple sources of biological data regardless of the underlying format or schema) using the service description stored in the BioMOBY catalogue. The automatic interface generator significantly reduces developing time and produces uniform service access mechanisms. The design and proof of concept (for such a client) including the generic interface generator have been developed and implemented in the National Institute for Bioinformatics in Spain.
Availability: The INB (National Institute for Bioinformatics, Spain) platform is available at
Contact: ots@ac.uma.es
Supplementary information:
Using a calibration experiment to assess gene-specific information: full Bayesian and empirical Bayesian models for two-channel microarray data
Authors: Blangiardo Marta , Toti Simona , Giusti Betti , Abbate Rosanna , Magi Alberto , Poggi Filippo , Rossi Luciana , Torricelli Francesca , Biggeri Annibale 
Published: November 2005

Abstract
Motivation: Microarray studies permit to quantify expression levels on a global scale by measuring transcript abundance of thousands of genes simultaneously. A difficulty when analysing expression measures is how to model variability for the whole set of genes. It is usually unrealistic to assume a common variance for each gene. Several approaches to model gene-specific variances are proposed. We take advantage of calibration experiments, in which the probes hybridized on the two channels come from the same population (self–self experiment). In this case it is possible to estimate the gene-specific variance, to be incorporated in comparative experiments on the same tissue, cellular line or species.
Results: We present two approaches to introduce prior information on gene-specific variability from a calibration experiment: an empirical Bayes model and a full Bayesian hierarchical model. We apply the methods in the analysis of human lipopolysaccharide-stimulated leukocyte experiments.
Availability: The calculations are implemented in WinBugs. The codes are available on request from the authors.
Contact: m.blangiardo@imperial.ac.uk
Cloning and Molecular Characterization of the Basic Peroxidase Isoenzyme from Zinnia elegans, an Enzyme Involved in Lignin Biosynthesis
Authors: Gabaldón Carlos , López-Serrano Matías , Pedreño María A. , Barceló A. Ros 
Published: October 2005

Abstract
The major basic peroxidase from Zinnia elegans (ZePrx) suspension cell cultures was purified and cloned, and its properties and organ expression were characterized. The ZePrx was composed of two isoforms with a Mr (determined by matrix-assisted laser-desorption ionization time of flight) of 34,700 (ZePrx34.70) and a Mr of 33,440 (ZePrx33.44). Both isoforms showed absorption maxima at 403 (Soret band), 500, and 640 nm, suggesting that both are high-spin ferric secretory class III peroxidases. Mr differences between them were due to the glycan moieties, and were confirmed from the total similarity of the N-terminal sequences (LSTTFYDTT) and by the 99.9% similarity of the tryptic fragment fingerprints obtained by reverse-phase nano-liquid chromatography. Four full-length cDNAs coding for these peroxidases were cloned. They only differ in the 5′-untranslated region. These differences probably indicate different ways in mRNA transport, stability, and regulation. According to the kcat and apparent KmRH values shown by both peroxidases for the three monolignols, sinapyl alcohol was the best substrate, the endwise polymerization of sinapyl alcohol by both ZePrxs yielding highly polymerized lignins with polymerization degrees ≥87. Western blots using anti-ZePrx34.70 IgGs showed that ZePrx33.44 was expressed in tracheary elements, roots, and hypocotyls, while ZePrx34.70 was only expressed in roots and young hypocotyls. None of the ZePrx isoforms was significantly expressed in either leaves or cotyledons. A neighbor-joining tree constructed for the four full-length cDNAs suggests that the four putative paralogous genes encoding the four cDNAs result from duplication of a previously duplicated ancestral gene, as may be deduced from the conserved nature and conserved position of the introns.
Establishment of the Vernalization-Responsive, Winter-Annual Habit inArabidopsisRequires a Putative Histone H3 Methyl Transferase[W]
Authors: Kim Sang Yeol , He Yuehui , Jacob Yannick , Noh Yoo-Sun , Michaels Scott , Amasino Richard 
Published: October 2005

AbstractWinter-annual accessions of Arabidopsis thaliana are often characterized by a requirement for exposure to the cold of winter to initiate flowering in the spring. The block to flowering prior to cold exposure is due to high levels of the flowering repressor FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC). Exposure to cold promotes flowering through a process known as vernalization that epigenetically represses FLC expression. Rapid-cycling accessions typically have low levels of FLC expression and therefore do not require vernalization. A screen for mutants in which a winter-annual Arabidopsis is converted to a rapid-cycling type has identified a putative histone H3 methyl transferase that is required for FLC expression. Lesions in this methyl transferase, EARLY FLOWERING IN SHORT DAYS (EFS), result in reduced levels of histone H3 Lys 4 trimethylation in FLC chromatin. EFS is also required for expression of other genes in the FLC clade, such as MADS AFFECTING FLOWERING2 and FLOWERING LOCUS M. The requirement for EFS to permit expression of several FLC clade genes accounts for the ability of efs lesions to suppress delayed flowering due to the presence of FRIGIDA, autonomous pathway mutations, or growth in noninductive photoperiods. efs mutants exhibit pleiotropic phenotypes, indicating that the role of EFS is not limited to the regulation of flowering time.
Tree leaf chemical characters: selective pressures by folivorous primates and invertebrates
Authors: Burgess Matthew A. , Chapman Colin A. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractPlants have evolved a variety of chemical means to deter herbivory. Several studies have documented that secondary compounds are strong deterrents to certain herbivores, while others have demonstrated that some herbivores ingest large quantities of these compounds without exhibiting deleterious effects. This inconsistent response suggests that plants have evolved compounds to deter specific herbivores. Based on a study in Kibale National Park, Uganda, we explored how two major groups of herbivores, invertebrates and colobus monkeys, respond to chemical characteristics of leaves: protein, attractive from a nutritional perspective, and alkaloids, saponins and cyanogenic glycosides, which are all plant defences, detering herbivory. The intensity that colobus monkeys fed on leaves of different tree species was determined by observations (1300 h), and invertebrate herbivory was indexed by collecting leaves from 20 species and digitizing tracings to quantifying invertebrate damage. Invertebrate damage to leaves varied among species (1.5–22.5%), but showed no relationship with saponin or protein content, or the presence or absence of alkaloids. Colobine foraging effort did not relate to the saponin and protein of leaf species, nor to the presence or absence of alkaloids. Prunus africana, the only species to test positive for cyanogenic glycosides, was fed on by colobus monkeys for 8.1% of their foraging time, but, as it occurred at low densities, it was the most preferred species. These results can be interpreted in different ways. First, it is possible that inactive compounds are retained because they increase the probability of producing new active compounds. Secondly, the indices used to evaluate compound effects may be inappropriate. For example, monkeys may only be able to tolerate a toxin to a specific threshold in a single feeding session, but our index of foraging effort was averaged over the year. Thirdly, it may be that these compounds play an active role with organisms not considered (e.g. prevent fungal attack). Finally, these compounds may serve some unknown function and selection may operate for that purpose.