bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Persistent pupillary membrane and congenital cataract in a litter of English cocker spaniels
Authors: STRANDE A. , NICOLAISSEN B. , BJERKAS I. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTIn a litter of seven three‐week‐old English cocker spaniels, four showed persistent pupillary membrane and congenital cataract. One affected male and two affected females were kept for breeding purposes. Brother/sister mating gave birth to 14 pups. Two pups died the first day. The other 12 were euthanased at an age of one year. None of them showed any sign of eye diseases either by clinical or histological examination. The parents, one male and two females, were euthanased at the age of 20, 24 and 33 months, respectively. Clinical and histological examination of the eyes showed varying degree of loss of vision, persistent pupillary membranes, microphthalmos and cataract.
Clinical and pathological features of a cerebellar oligodendroglioma in a cat
Authors: SMITH D. A. , HONHOLD N. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTA cerebellar oligodendroglioma was responsible for the progressive development of neurological deficits in a six‐year‐old castrated male domestic longhaired cat. These abnormalities included a head tilt and loss of balance, nystagmus, proprioceptive deficits and eventually a fine head tremor and hypermetria of the forelimbs. The tumour was found to have destroyed most of the cerebellar grey matter, the flocculus, and the cerebellar roof nuclei on the right hand side. Increased peri‐axonal space and axonal vacuolation were visible in fibre tracts which connected to the cerebellum. The clinical signs and location of the tumour are related to the functional anatomy of the cerebellum.
Bacterial endocarditis and inflammatory joint disease in the dog
Authors: BENNETT D. , TAYLOR D. J. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTThe main clinical features of 12 cases of bacterial endocarditis were lameness, pyrexia, lethargy, anorexia and systolic cardiac murmurs. The lameness varied from generalised stiffness to an inability to stand and walk. Multiple joint involvement was typical. Two types of joint pathology were identified. A marked synovitis with granulation tissue sometimes covering the articular cartilage was present in some joints associated with the presence of bacterial organisms. Other joints proved sterile and showed a milder synovial pathology. In many dogs both an infective arthritis and a non‐infective arthritis co‐existed. Bilaterally symmetrical joint involvement was typical of the non‐infective arthritis. The pathogenesis of the latter was likely to involve the deposition of circulating immune complexes (bacterial antigens, antibody and complement) in the synovium. The infective arthritis was presumed to be secondary to embolic disease, ie, the spread of infected emboli from the heart valve to the joints. Treatment was unsuccessful in all cases.
Weakness associated with spinal subpial myelopathy in a weimaraner puppy
Authors: COMONT P. S. V. , PALMER A. C. , WILLIAMS A. E. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTClinical and pathological features are described in an eight‐week‐old weimaraner puppy which showed hindleg weakness and subpial myelin depletion in the spinal cord. The myelopathy was accompanied by pial thickening, vacuolation of sensory neurons in the spinal cord and of neurons in the medulla. Swollen axons occurred in the spinal cord, cerebellum and internal capsule. Comparisons are made between this case and a recently recorded form of hypomyelination in weimaraner dogs.
Scrotal width as an index of testicular size in dogs and its relationship to body size
Authors: WOODALL P. F. , JOHNSTONE ISOBEL P. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTMeasurements of scrotal width were strongly correlated with testicular weight in 71 dogs (r = 0–919) and thus provided a convenient index of testicular size and potential sperm production. However, to be useful in trying to predict male fertility this measurement had to be adjusted for bodyweight. A graph is presented which allows estimation of ‘average’ scrotal width and its 95 per cent confidence limits for potentially fertile dogs of bodyweight between 5 and 50 kg. With one exception, dogs with scrotal widths below the 95 per cent confidence limits had very few or no spermatozoa in smears from the cauda epididymidis.
Inherited eye disease in the dog and cat
Authors: BARNETT K. C. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTThis paper describes the more common inherited eye conditions in the dog and cat, paying particular attention to the newer conditions, not all of which have previously been reported in the literature. These newer conditions include entropion in the shar pei, microphthalmos in the dobermann and miniature schnauzer, cataract in the German shepherd dog and Norwegian buhund, progressive retinal atrophy in the Tibetan terrier, Tibetan spaniel, miniature longhaired dachshund and two forms in the Abyssinian cat, multifocal retinal dysplasia in the English springer spaniel and other breeds, persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous in the Staffordshire bull terrier and dobermann and optic nerve hypoplasia in the toy poodle. Anatomical classification presents a convenient means of describing these conditions which may affect the whole globe, the eyelids, the nictitating membrane, the nasolacrimal duct system, the conjunctiva, the cornea, the aqueous, the iris, the lens and zonule, the vitreous, the retina, the choroid and sclera and the optic nerve.
Chronic enteropathies in the dog
Authors: Batt R. M. , Hall E. J. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTChronic enteropathies are a common and diverse group of diseases in the dog, but diagnosis can be difficult and morphological criteria are an inadequate means of classification. The introduction of new screening procedures together with a biochemical approach to the analysis of tissue damage has assisted the characterisation of previously unrecognised conditions and provided insight into the causes of chronic intestinal disease in this species. These advances are reviewed and current knowledge of other important canine enteropathies characterised by predominantly morphological criteria is summarised.
Two unusual cases of canine exocrine pancreatic insufficiency
Authors: Westermarck E. , Rimaila‐Pärnänen E. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTExocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) was diagnosed in two German shepherd dogs and treatment given for three months and two years. The owners later discontinued therapy because the dogs' condition improved and both had a normal life for 2.5 and 5.5 years without medication or modified diet. This suggests that dogs with EPI do not always exhibit clinical signs and that the disease can occur in a ‘subclinical’ form. The atrophic process of the pancreas was followed by serial histopathological examination of biopsies in one of the dogs.
Radiological features of 80 cases of diaphragmatic rupture
Authors: Sullivan M. , Lee R. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTThe films from 80 cases of diaphragmatic rupture in the dog and cat over a 10 year period were examined. The most common findings were loss of the cupola and masking of the cardiac shadow. Identification of the stomach or intestine in the thorax made the diagnosis straightforward. However, in some animals these organs were not visible and there was considerable accumulation of free pleural fluid. The use of barium contrast studies and post drainage films were unable to confirm the presence of a rupture in all cases with inconclusive plain film findings. The identification of a rupture was only made by exploratory surgery in these animals.
Medical management of vesicourachal diverticula in 15 cats with lower urinary tract disease
Authors: Osborne C. A. , Kroll R. A. , Lulich J. P. , Johnston G. R. , Kruger J. M. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTThe biological behaviour of radiographically detectable vesicourachal diverticula in 13 male and two female cats with haematuria, dysuria, and, or, urethral obstruction was evaluated following spontaneous or treatment‐induced remission of lower urinary tract disease. The observation that diverticula are larger in obstructed than non‐obstructed cats supports the hypothesis that the higher prevalence of diverticula in males is associated with a higher prevalence of urethral obstruction in males. Complete resolution of vesicourachal diverticula occurred in all 15 patients. Regression of diverticula following eradication of bacterial urinary tract infections with antimicrobial agents and, or, medical dissolution of urocystoliths indicates that diverticulectomy is not always warranted. It is probable that diverticula heal within two to three weeks following elimination of increased intraluminal bladder pressure.
Nutrition in relation to skeletal growth deformities
Authors: Hazewinkel H. A. W. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTThe pathophysiology of alimentary hyperparathyroidism and its pathological fractures and growth deformities are described. Renal hyperparathyroidism with hyperostotic osteodystrophy in young animals and isostotic osteodystrophy in old animals is briefly mentioned. Hypercalcitoninism caused by excessive prolonged calcium intake in growing dogs will go together with disturbances in skeletal remodelling and disturbed enchrondral ossification, leading to such entities as canine wobbler syndrome, enostosis, osteochrondrosis dissecans, and radius curvus syndrome. Dogs, who are dependent upon dietary vitamin D sources, can develop rickets with skeletal growth deformities when a diet deficient in vitamin D is fed under controlled conditions. Growth plates and mineralisation grade normalised when commercial dog food was given.As a sole therapy normalisation of the diet will not be sufficient in all skeletal growth deformities as described above. Prevention by feeding diets with optimal contents will be of benefit to veterinarians and their patients.
Hereditary congenital heart defects in dogs
Authors: Patterson D. F. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTCongenital heart defects is probably the most common class of malformations found in dogs, occurring with a frequency approaching 1 per cent in animals presented to veterinary clinics. The frequency is significantly higher among purebred dogs than in dogs of mixed breeding and specific anatomic malformations occur with highest frequency in certain breeds. Genetic studies of patent ductus arteriosus, pulmonic stenosis, subaortic stenosis, ventricular septal defect, tetralogy of Fallot and persistent aortic arch have confirmed that these are specific heritable defects, the genes for which are concentrated in a number of different breeds. Each of these defects is inherited in a complex manner consistent with a polygenic basis. This paper will describe evidence supporting the view that the common forms of congenital heart disease in the dog are polygenic threshold traits. The general criteria for recognition of polygenic traits and methods for their control will be discussed.
Hip dysplasia in dogs
Authors: Brass W. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTThe wide dissemination of hip dysplasia among large dogs has led, over the years, to a variety of control programmes. Until now, the diagnostic evaluation of radiographs has been essential for any successful combat against hip dysplasia. Judging procedures differ, although generally within narrow limits. On the continent, the recommendations of the Federation Cynologique Internationale are followed to a large extent. Hip dysplasia has polygenic hereditary traits. Besides the influences of the genes, there are also environmental factors that play a role in the variability of the hip status. Breed schemes have, so far, been based on selection and the partial or total exclusion of affected dogs from breeding.The system applied to German shepherd dogs in West Germany in the last 20 years has proved successful without imposing strict measures.
Familial renal disease in dogs
Authors: Nash A. S. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTJuvenile renal disease in dogs has been encountered in over 20 breeds but in only nine of these (cocker spaniel, Norwegian elkhound, lhasa apso, shih tzu, samoyed, dobermann, standard poodle, soft‐coated wheaten terrier and bull terrier) have familial nephropathies been reported, and in only two (samoyed and cocker spaniel) has the exact mode of inheritance been elucidated. Reasons for this unsatisfactory state of affairs are: 1 Renal failure in young dogs may not be due to a familial nephropathy, and while helpful diagnostic information may be gained from blood and urine analysis, accurate diagnosis of the specific type of renal disease requires examination of renal biopsy or post mortem material by an experienced pathologist. 2 Not all affected animals show clinical signs at the same age, making collection of data, often from widely dispersed animals, both difficult and slow. 3 The disease process in one breed may be very different from that in another, so that each breed has to be investigated separately. 4 There has to be a willing determination to face the problem by individual breed clubs, with the commitment of a large number of breeders, owners and veterinary surgeons.Resistance or inertia at any level will prevent or delay successful investigation and possible prevention of the disease.
The role of allergy in the development of canine pyoderma
Authors: Mason I. S. , Lloyd D. H. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTPyoderma is commonly seen in canine veterinary practice and usually occurs as a complicating factor in other primary conditions. Allergic skin disease is often the underlying cause but the precise relationship between allergy and infection is unknown. Our studies have investigated the relationship between bacterial proliferation at the skin surface and hypersensitivity reactions with the skin. Hypersensitive dogs were shown to have significantly higher surface counts of staphylococci than normal controls and these bacteria were concentrated in the more superficial layers of the stratum corneum. Intradermal injection of staphlococcal antigens in normal dogs elicited epidermal damage similar to that seen in clinical disease. Preliminary autoradiographic studies using a model of canine skin hypersensitivity reactions showed that percutaneous absorption of radiolabelled staphylococcal antigens was increased by mast cell degranulation. These findings suggest that a major role of hypersensitivity reactions in the pathogenesis of pyoderma may be via an effect on epidermal permeability, promoting penetration of staphylococcal antigens from the stratum corneum which then cause the lesions of pyoderma. Hypersensitivity reactions may also lead to changes in the skin surface microclimate leading to increased bacterial counts on the skin surface, so exacerbating the condition.
Gastric carcinoma in the dog: A clinicopathological study of 11 cases
Authors: Fonda D. , Gualtieri M. , Scanziani E. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTFrom October 1984 to May 1987, advanced gastric carcinoma was diagnosed in 11 dogs at the University of Milan. All cases were examined clinically, radiologically and endoscopically, and nine dogs were submitted for autopsy. The tumour mass was excised surgically in one case and treated by photodynamic therapy (haematoporphyrins and laser) in one other case. Fiberoptic examination allowed diagnosis in all the subjects. In seven of eight cases, histological diagnosis was achieved by means of transendoscopic biopsy. There appeared to be a breed predisposition to the tumour as eight of 11 tumours affected Belgian shepherd dogs and all these had neoplasms arising from the lesser curvature with prevailing histological features of mucin secreting tumours.
Dilation of the pancreatic duct: An ultrasonographic finding in acute pancreatitis
Authors: Lamb C. R. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTDilation of the pancreatic duct in two dogs with acute pancreatitis was identified using ultrasonography. This sign supported the diagnosis of pancreatitis. However, reference to the human medical literature indicates that dilation of the pancreatic duct may occur with a variety of conditions, and should be considered a potentially non‐specific finding in dogs.
Gastroesophageal reflux and hiatus hernia associated with laryngeal paralysis in a dog
Authors: Burnie A. G. , Simpson J. W. , Corcoran B. M. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTGastro‐oesophageal reflux together with sliding hiatus hernia is reported in a dog, associated with laryngeal paralysis. Diagnosis was made following endoscopy and fluoroscopy. Surgical treatment of the laryngeal paralysis resulted in complete remission of clinical signs.
Abnormal skin fragility in a cat with cnolangio‐carcinoma
Authors: Regnier A. , Pieraggi M. T. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTAn eight‐year‐old shorthaired cat which presented with a five‐month history of bouts of anorexia and vomiting, developed a large spontaneous skin tear over the left shoulder when manipulated for clinical workup. The cat had no previous history of abnormal skin fragility and clinical examination of the skin revealed a general thinning but no scarring or hyperextensibility. After one day of hospitalisation the animal was euthanased because of its poor condition and on post mortem examination a cholangiocarcinoma with distant metastasis was identified. The skin biopsy specimens obtained from different sites revealed dermal atrophic changes, characterised in electron microscopy by disorganisation in the packing of both collagen fibrils and fibres, and by collagen fibrils with an abnormally wide range of diameters and with an irregular shape in cross section. Although no specific cause of the dermal lesions was suggested, this case differed greatly from the fragile skin conditions previously described in the cat.
Transvenous cardiac pacing in 19 dogs and one cat
Authors: Darke P. G. G. , McAreavey D. , Been M. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTEighteen dogs and one cat with symptomatic bradycardias were equipped with cardiac pacemakers. One further dog died during anaesthesia for pacemaker placement. Each animal was sedated, and a ‘tined’ transvenous pacing lead was passed to the apex of the right ventricle from the jugular vein. Following temporary pacing and general anaesthesia, the permanent pacemaker was placed subcutaneously at the neck in the dogs and at the abdominal wall in the cat. In 11 dogs and the cat, the pacemaker was implanted in a dacron pouch. Complications (mainly serous reaction to the pacemaker) developed in four out of seven dogs in which no pouch had been employed. The pacing lead was retained after discharge from hospital in all except one dog. Pacing successfully relieved clinical signs in all cases. Fifteen out of 18 dogs and the cat survived one year after pacing and the mean survival time was greater than 18 months. Transvenous pacing is a simple and reliable technique that avoids transthoracic or transabdominal surgery for pacemaker lead placement.
Cervical spondylomyelopathy (‘wobbler’ syndrome) in the dog: A study based on 224 cases
Authors: Lewis D. G. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTOver the past 10 to 12 years, cervical spondylomyelopathy has been increasingly recognised in large breed dogs. The breeds mainly affected are dobermanns, great danes and basset hounds. Factors such as age, sex and location of the lesions are discussed in detail based on findings from 224 cases seen at the University of Liverpool Small Animal Hospital. The anatomical changes responsible for the signs show some striking similarities in young dogs of all the breeds affected. Where the condition is commoner later in life, such as in the dobermann, the changes and their effect on the spinal cord show considerable differences. These different findings are compared, and an attempt made to explain them.
Use of conjunctival pedicle grafts in the management of feline keratitis nigrum
Authors: Blogg J. R. , Stanley R. G. , Dutton A. G. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTFeline keratitis nigrum (necrosis, sequestrum or sequestration) usually presents as a black plaque in the axial or paraxial cornea. Most cats can be treated by excision of the lesion and covering the defect with a third eyelid flap. This technique did not provide satisfactory results in some cases. This paper describes microsurgery using conjunctival pedicle grafting following keratectomy to provide a one step technique to manage recurrent feline keratitis nigrum, feline keratitis nigrum with full thickness lesions of corneal stroma and eyes also affected with keratoconjunctivitis sicca.
Ultrasonographic appearance of torsion of a testicular seminoma in a cryptorchid dog
Authors: Miyabayashi T. , Biller D. S. , Cooley A. J. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractAn intra‐abdominal testicular tumour was diagnosed in a 10‐year‐old, male, cryptorchid golden retriever. Upon surgical removal, torsion of the testis was found. The histopathological diagnosis was seminoma. The ultrasound examination in this case revealed a parenchymal mass lesion. An ultrasound examination is a useful supplemental diagnostic tool for differentiation of abdominal mass lesions.
Bacterial discospondylitis in a cat
Authors: Malik R. , Latter M. , Love D. N. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractA cat with hindlimb ataxia which progressed to paraplegia was found to have bacterial discospondylitis and a paravertebral abscess at necropsy. The infection had penetrated the vertebral canal. It is postulated that the vertebral infection occurred following haematogenous spread from a pneumonic focus.
Corneal endothelial cell degeneration in a German shepherd dog
Authors: Brooks D. E. , Samuelson D. A. , Smith R J. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTThe replacement of the normal endothelial cell morphology with formation of a fibrocellular posterior collagenous layer by the corneal endothelium was demonstrated in an eight‐year‐old male German shepherd dog with bilateral progressive corneal oedema. Descemet's membrane was multilaminar and thickened. The ultrastructural findings in this dog are similar but not identical to histological changes present in several human corneal diseases.