bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
N2H+(1–0) as a tracer of dense gas in and between spiral arms
Authors: Fehér Orsolya , Ragan S E , Priestley F D , Clark P C , Moore T J T 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
Recent advances in identifying giant molecular filaments in Galactic surveys allow us to study the interstellar material and its dense, potentially star forming phase on scales comparable to resolved extragalactic clouds. Two large filaments detected in the 13CO/C18O(J = 3–2) Heterodyne Inner Milky Way Plane Survey (CHIMPS) survey, one in the Sagittarius-arm and one in an interarm region, were mapped with dense gas tracers inside a 0.06 square degrees area and with a spatial resolution of around 0.4 and 0.65 pc at the distance of the targets using the 30 m telescope of the Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM) to investigate the environmental dependence of the dense gas fraction. The N2H+(1 − 0) transition, an excellent tracer of the dense gas, was detected in parsec-scale, elliptical clumps and with a filling factor of around 8.5 per cent in our maps. The N2H+-emitting areas appear to have higher dense gas fraction (e.g. the ratio of N2H+ and 13CO emission) in the interarm than in the arm which is opposite to the behaviour found by previous studies, using dust emission rather than N2H+ as a tracer of dense gas. However, the arm filament is brighter in 13CO and the infrared emission of dust, and the dense gas fraction determined as above is governed by the 13CO brightness. We caution that measurements regarding the distribution and fraction of dense gas on these scales may be influenced by many scale- and environment-dependent factors, as well as the chemistry and excitation of the particular tracers, then consider several scenarios that can reproduce the observed effect.
IgG4-related disease complicated with diffuse and chronic gastrointestinal inflammation leading to small intestinal perforation
Authors: Ino Kazuma , Arinuma Yoshiyuki , Akiya Masashi , Kajita Sabine , Okina Sosei , Sakamoto Junichi , Tanaka Tomoki , Matsueda Yu , Wada Tatsuhiko , Tanaka Sumiaki , Oku Kenji , Yamaoka Kunihiro 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
Immunoglobulin (Ig) G4–related disease (IgG4-RD) is a systemic inflammatory disease characterised by elevated serum IgG4, IgG4+ cell infiltration, storiform fibrosis, and obliterative phlebitis. While IgG4-RD can affect various organs, gastrointestinal tract involvement is less common. Here, we report a 70-year-old female with IgG4-RD complicated with diffuse and chronic gastrointestinal inflammation, which led to small intestinal perforation. She had been suffering from anorexia, abdominal pain, vomiting, and diarrhoea and hospitalised due to recurrent ileus. Consequently, she was referred due to small intestinal perforation required for surgical intervention. Pathology revealed acute and chronic inflammation with massive IgG4+ plasmacyte infiltration into mucosa of the small intestine and ischaemic change secondarily caused by chronic inflammation. Random biopsies from the mucosa of stomach, duodenum, ileum, and colon also revealed diffuse and massive IgG4+ plasmacyte infiltration in stomach, duodenum, small intestine, and colon. She was diagnosed with IgG4-RD based on the pathological findings and elevated serum IgG4 levels. Glucocorticoid rapidly ameliorated the symptoms. IgG4-RD may cause gastrointestinal manifestations, and histopathological assessment should be considered, even in the absence of specific characteristics of IgG4-RD.
Profiling the molecular and clinical landscape of glioblastoma utilizing the Oncology Research Information Exchange Network brain cancer database
Authors: Demetriou Alexandra N , Chow Frances , Craig David W , Webb Michelle G , Ormond D Ryan , Battiste James , Chakravarti Arnab , Colman Howard , Villano John L , Schneider Bryan P , Liu James K C , Churchman Michelle L , Zada Gabriel 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
Glioblastoma exhibits aggressive growth and poor outcomes despite treatment, and its marked variability renders therapeutic design and prognostication challenging. The Oncology Research Information Exchange Network (ORIEN) database contains complementary clinical, genomic, and transcriptomic profiling of 206 glioblastoma patients, providing opportunities to identify novel associations between molecular features and clinical outcomes.

Methods
Survival analyses were performed using the Logrank test, and clinical features were evaluated using Wilcoxon and chi-squared tests with q-values derived via Benjamini-Hochberg correction. Mutational analyses utilized sample-level enrichments from whole exome sequencing data, and statistical tests were performed using the one-sided Fisher Exact test with Benjamini-Hochberg correction. Transcriptomic analyses utilized a student’s t-test with Benjamini-Hochberg correction. Expression fold changes were processed with Ingenuity Pathway Analysis to determine pathway-level alterations between groups.

Results
Key findings include an association of MUC17, SYNE1, and TENM1 mutations with prolonged overall survival (OS); decreased OS associated with higher epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR) mRNA expression, but not with EGFR amplification or mutation; a 14-transcript signature associated with OS &gt; 2 years; and 2 transcripts associated with OS &lt; 1 year.

Conclusions
Herein, we report the first clinical, genomic, and transcriptomic analysis of ORIEN glioblastoma cases, incorporating sample reclassification under updated 2021 diagnostic criteria. These findings create multiple avenues for further investigation and reinforce the value of multi-institutional consortia such as ORIEN in deepening our knowledge of intractable diseases such as glioblastoma.
Shaking Hands and the Politics of Touch in Early Modern England
Authors: Walter John 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
Drawing on work in the social sciences on the handshake, this article examines the role of the handshake as a form of gestural communication and traces the changes in its relative importance in the ‘access rituals’ of early modern England. We lack a history of the handshake for early modern England. Such work as there is, is chronologically discontinuous and largely blind to the sociology of its performance. Working across the period from the later fifteenth into the eighteenth century, the article seeks to recover the chronological, spatial, social and gendered contours to the handshake. Discussing early modern understandings of the social and cultural meanings of touch and the hand, the article explores how performing a handshake could play a part in the representation, reproduction and negotiation of social and political relationships. Examining the micro-politics of shaking hands, the article offers a critical historical assessment of modern readings of the handshake as signalling friendship and social solidarity, analysing the changing significance of the ‘handshake entitlement’ as a ‘status-regulated’ gesture that helped both to enact and to challenge early modern social and political order.
Fluoritites Produced by Crystallization of Carbonate–Fluoride Magma
Authors: Stepanov Aleksandr S , Aminov Jovid , Odinaev Sharifjon , Iskandarov Farukh Sh , Jiang Shao-Yong , Karmanov Nikolai S 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Fluorite-dominated rocks are occasionally found in association with carbonatites, but their geologic and petrologic relations are rarely reported. The Dunkeldyk area of the Pamir mountains in south-eastern Tajikistan contains dikes of distinctive rocks composed of calcite, fluorite, celestine-barite, sulfides, apatite, with minor quartz, biotite, and REE fluorcarbonates. The dikes have sharp contacts with the host (meta-)sedimentary rocks and layering with ribbons, ranging from fluorite-bearing calcite carbonatites to fluoritites (rocks with &gt;50% fluorite). The fluoritites are characterized by high Ca, F, Ba, Sr, REE, and S coupled with anomalously low O. The geologic relations and textures suggest a magmatic origin of the dikes from melts close to calcite–fluorite eutectic that experienced nucleation-controlled differentiation during the crystallization of dikes and the formation of fluoritite cumulates in larger intrusions. The Dunkeldyk dikes demonstrate that sizable geological bodies of fluorite-dominated rocks could form from carbonate–fluoride melts originating from the differentiation of alkaline silicate magmas.
Political Alienation and the Trump Vote in the 2016 and 2020 US Presidential Elections
Authors: Allamong Maxwell B 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Following Donald Trump’s surprising victory in the 2016 US presidential election, some popular and scholarly sources suggested that Trump’s candidacy may have been bolstered, in part, by the mobilization of “politically alienated” voters. This argument is puzzling, however, as certain forms of political alienation are often negatively related to political participation, making it unclear whether or how alienation may have been related to turnout and to support for Trump at the ballot box. I shed light on this puzzle using data from the American National Election Studies, which contain measures of two dimensions of political alienation: inefficacy and cynicism. With these data I examine how either dimension relates to turnout and to vote choice in 2016 and in 2020. Cynicism emerges as a positive predictor of both turnout and the Trump vote in 2016, but not in 2020. Inefficacy, however, does not positively predict turnout or the Trump vote in either election. I offer a potential explanation for the diminished relationship between cynicism and mobilization in the 2020 elections by applying a Structural Topic Model to open-ended survey responses about Trump, which reveals a substantial decrease in the salience of Trump’s “political outsider” qualities during his reelection bid.
Measuring Attentiveness in Self-Administered Surveys
Authors: Berinsky Adam J , Frydman Alejandro , Margolis Michele F , Sances Michael W , Valerio Diana Camilla 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The surge in online self-administered surveys has given rise to an extensive body of literature on respondent inattention, also known as careless or insufficient effort responding. This burgeoning literature has outlined the consequences of inattention and made important strides in developing effective methods to identify inattentive respondents. However, differences in terminology, as well as a multiplicity of different methods for measuring and correcting for inattention, have made this literature unwieldy. We present an overview of the current state of this literature, highlighting commonalities, emphasizing key debates, and outlining open questions deserving of future research. Additionally, we emphasize the key considerations that survey researchers should take into account when measuring attention.
Attitudes toward Police and Police Spending
Authors: Sances Michael W 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The Black Lives Matter movement focused scholarly and public attention on the politics of policing, but little is known about long-term trends in public opinion toward the police. I analyze three time series of attitudes toward police and police spending dating back as far as the 1960s: Gallup’s confidence in police question, the American National Election Studies’ feeling thermometer toward police, and the General Social Survey’s support for law enforcement spending question. The general public has become less positive toward police, and racial and partisan gaps have increased, in all three series. Partisan gaps are generally larger than racial gaps, and differences between white and Black Democrats have evolved in important ways. Divides on confidence and affect are more longstanding than divides on support for spending.
Sectorial Equidistribution of the Roots of x2 + 1 Modulo Primes
Authors: Musicantov Evgeny , Zehavi Sa’ar 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The equation $x^2 + 1 = 0\mod p$ has solutions whenever p = 2 or $4n + 1$. A famous theorem of Fermat says that these primes are exactly the ones that can be described as a sum of two squares. The roots of the former equation are equidistributed is a beautiful theorem of Duke, Friedlander and Iwaniec. The angles associated to the representation of such prime as a sum of squares are equidistributed is a famous theorem of Hecke. We give a natural way to associate between roots and angles and prove that the joint equidistribution of the sequence of pairs of roots and angles is equidistributed as well. Our approach involves an automorphic interpretation, which reduces the problem to the study of certain Poincare series on an arithmetic quotient of $SL_2(\mathbb{R})$. Since our Poincare series have a nontrivial dependence on their Iwasawa θ-coordinate, they do not factor into functions on the upper half plane, as in the case studied by Duke et al.
Spectral analysis on these higher dimensional varieties involves the nonspherical spectrum, making this paper the first complete study of a nonspherical equidistribution problem, with an arithmetic application. A couple of notable challenges we had to overcome were that of obtaining pointwise bounds for nonspherical Eisenstein series and utilizing a non-spherical analogue of the Selberg inversion formula, which we believe may have further implications beyond this work.
Rheumatoid arthritis patients’ perspective on the use of prediction models in clinical decision-making
Authors: Messelink Marianne A , Fadaei Sina , Verhoef Lise M , Welsing Paco , Nijhof Nienke C , Westland Heleen 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectivesA rapidly expanding number of prediction models is being developed, aiming to improve RA diagnosis and treatment. However, few are actually implemented in clinical practice. This study explores factors influencing the acceptance of prediction models in clinical decision-making by RA patients.MethodsA qualitative study design was used with thematic analysis of semi-structured interviews. Purposive sampling was applied to capture a complete overview of the influencing factors. The interview topic list was based on pilot data.ResultsData saturation was reached after 12 interviews. Patients were generally positive about the use of prediction models in clinical decision-making. Six key themes were identified from the interviews: (i) patients have a need for information about prediction models; (ii) factors influencing trust in model-supported treatment are described; (iii) patients envision the model to have a supportive role in clinical decision-making; (iv) patients hope to personally benefit from model-supported treatment in various ways; (v) patients are willing to contribute time and effort to contribute to model input; (vi) the effects of model-supported treatment on the relationship with the caregiver are discussed.ConclusionWithin this study, RA patients were generally positive about the use of prediction models in their treatment, given some conditions were met and concerns addressed. The results of this study can be used during the development and implementation in RA care of prediction models in order to enhance patient acceptability.
Networked nexus of science diplomacy and domestic funding agency coordination: a case study of IntSam
Authors: Lundin Hans , Broström Anders , Geschwind Lars 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This study explores the role of network administrative organizations (NAOs) in science diplomacy (SD) by means of a qualitative case study approach. The case in point is a Swedish government initiative to coordinate the internationalization efforts of domestic funding agencies. We examine how the NAO IntSam balances between governmental directives and agency autonomy. Utilizing primary data from semi-structured interviews supplemented by internal documents and policy reports, the analysis delves into the challenges and potential of NAOs in harmonizing top-down directives with agency autonomy. The findings highlight IntSam’s role in facilitating collaboration and aligning domestic and international policy landscapes, while also revealing inherent tensions due to divergent governmental and agency priorities. This study contributes to understanding the complexities of coordinating cross-border Science, Technology, and Innovation efforts, offering insights into the nuances, potentials, and limitations of NAOs in the realm of SD.
Precision medicine to personalize medicine in allergic airway disease
Authors: Kim Jean 
Published: March 2024

Purpose of review
The purpose of this study is to understand the approach to precision medicine and personalized medicine in the management of allergic airway disease.

Recent findings
Identification of biomarkers as key tools used in precision medicine has led to the development of multiple biologic drugs being used as new treatments for allergic airway disease.

Summary
In addition to these advances, there is still much needed effort to improve the feasibility and utility of integrating biologic omics data of precision medicine with physicochemical, behavioral, psychological, and social data to deliver optimized treatments that is personalized for each individual.
TIGIT Blockade Reshapes the Tumor Microenvironment Based on the Single-cell RNA-Sequencing Analysis
Authors: Lang Yanyan , Huang Hao , Jiang Hongwei , Wu Shaoxian , Chen Yaping , Xu Bin , Liu Yingting , Zhu Dawei , Zheng Xiao , Chen Lujun , Jiang Jingting 
Published: March 2024

Summary:
Immune checkpoint blockade therapy is a pivotal approach in treating malignant tumors. TIGIT has emerged as a focal point of interest among the diverse targets for tumor immunotherapy. Nonetheless, there is still a lack of comprehensive understanding regarding the immune microenvironment alterations following TIGIT blockade treatment. To bridge this knowledge gap, we performed single-cell sequencing on mice both before and after the administration of anti-TIGIT therapy. Our analysis revealed that TIGIT was predominantly expressed on T cells and natural killer (NK) cells. The blockade of TIGIT exhibited inhibitory effects on Treg cells by downregulating the expression of Foxp3 and reducing the secretion of immunosuppressive cytokines. In addition, TIGIT blockade facilitated the activation of NK cells, leading to an increase in cell numbers, and promoted cDC1 maturation through the secretion of XCL1 and Flt3L. This activation, in turn, stimulated the TCR signaling of CD8+T cells, thereby enhancing their antitumor effect. Consequently, anti-TIGIT therapy demonstrated substantial potential for cancer immunotherapy. Our research provided novel insights into future therapeutic strategies targeting TIGIT for patients with cancer.
Internal m6A and m7G RNA modifications in hematopoietic system and acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Zhang Xiaoxu , Ma Yanni , Yu Jia , Su Rui , Wang Xiaoshuang 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Epitranscriptomics focuses on the RNA-modification-mediated post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. The past decade has witnessed tremendous progress in our understanding of the landscapes and biological functions of RNA modifications, as prompted by the emergence of potent analytical approaches. The hematopoietic system provides a lifelong supply of blood cells, and gene expression is tightly controlled during the differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). The dysregulation of gene expression during hematopoiesis may lead to severe disorders, including acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Emerging evidence supports the involvement of the mRNA modification system in normal hematopoiesis and AML pathogenesis, which has led to the development of small-molecule inhibitors that target N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification machinery as treatments. Here, we summarize the latest findings and our most up-to-date information on the roles of m6A and N7-methylguanine in both physiological and pathological conditions in the hematopoietic system. Furthermore, we will discuss the therapeutic potential and limitations of cancer treatments targeting m6A.
Comparative Effectiveness and Safety of Intermittent, Repeated, or Continuous Use of Levosimendan, Milrinone, or Dobutamine in Patients With Advanced Heart Failure: A Network and Single-Arm Meta-analysis
Authors: Zhang Xue , Wang Zhongsu , Zhang Le , Zhao Xia , Han Yi 
Published: March 2024

Abstract:
The aim of this study was to synthesize the available evidence regarding differences in the long-term safety and efficacy of intermittent, repeated, or continuous palliative inotropic therapy among patients with advanced heart failure. We systematically searched the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library electronic databases, with a cutoff date of November 23, 2023, for studies reporting outcomes in adult patients with advanced heart failure treated with intermittent, repeated, or continuous levosimendan, milrinone, or dobutamine. Forty-one studies (18 randomized controlled trials and 23 cohort studies) comprising 5137 patients met the inclusion criteria. The results of the network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials showed that levosimendan had significant advantages over milrinone or dobutamine in reducing mortality and improving left ventricular ejection fraction. A single-arm meta-analysis also indicated that levosimendan had the lowest mortality and significantly improved B-type brain natriuretic peptide and left ventricular ejection fraction. Regarding safety, hypotension events were observed more frequently in the levosimendan and milrinone groups. However, the current evidence is limited by the heterogeneity and relatively small sample size of the studies.
Bad behavior in healthcare: an insidious threat to patients, staff, and organizations
Authors: Crowe Liz , Riley Christine M. 
Published: March 2024

Purpose of review
‘Bad’ or unprofessional behavior (UPB) destroys communication, teamwork, and professional wellbeing, presenting a significant threat to patients and staff. Understanding what constitutes ‘bad’ or UPB and creating broad accountability for its cessation is imperative to patient-centered care and the survival of the multidisciplinary health workforce.

Recent findings
Despite organizational and legislative commitments to provide well tolerated work environments, UPB is endemic in healthcare and continues to harm patients, staff, and organizations. Historically, categories of UPB have been researched separately which dilutes the problem. Typically, these behaviors cluster, are interchangeable, and are committed by same perpetrators. Women, junior staff, and minority groups remain the most prevalent targets. Even low intensity UPBs among health staff dramatically impacts risk to patient lives, limits quality care, and destroys staff wellbeing. Targeted interventions must address all five roles impacted by UPBs: the target, patients, bystanders, the perpetrator, and the organization to effectively eliminate UPBs. Organizational leaders must demonstrate and uphold organizational values and be swift in addressing UPB to limit the impact on teams and patients.

Summary
UPB in the healthcare setting presents a multifactorial threat to patients, staff, and organizations. To ensure the delivery of high-quality patient care, and the wellbeing of the health workforce it is crucial to understand the insidious impact of UPB and target interventions across all five roles.