bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The nutritional reputation of palm oil
Authors: Stanley John C. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe high saturated fatty acid content of palm oil and hence its potential to raise circulating levels of cholesterol has given this tropical oil a bad nutritional reputation. Three considerations suggest that this reputation may soon need to be re‐evaluated. First, the need of the edible oil industry to find alternatives to partially hydrogenated oils has led to the reintroduction of palm oil. What evidence there is suggests that replacement of partially hydrogenated oils with palm oil leads to a rise in HDL‐cholesterol levels an effect which would be expected to lead to a fall in the risk of developing heart disease. Second, palm oil is a very rich source of tocotrienols the neglected part of the vitamin E complex. If beneficial effects of tocotrienols on health were to be demonstrated then this would inevitably improve the nutritional reputation of palm oil. Third, red palm oil is the richest and most available vegetable source of provitamin A carotenoids known and it has been shown that this oil can improve vitamin A status in populations which are deficient in this vitamin.
Disturbance of circadian gene expression in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Lin Yueh‐Min , Chang Julia H. , Yeh Kun‐Tu , Yang Ming‐Yu , Liu Ta‐Chih , Lin Sheng‐Fung , Su Wei‐Wen , Chang Jan‐Gowth 
Published: April 2008

AbstractCircadian rhythm plays an important role in the regulation of digestive system. The human circadian rhythm is controlled by at least nine circadian genes. The aims of this study are to understand the expression of the circadian genes between hepatocellular carcinoma tissues and nontumor tissues, and to explore the possible mechanism(s) contributing to the difference. We analyzed differential expression of the 9 circadian genes in 46 hepatocellular carcinoma and paired noncancerous tissues by real‐time quantitative RT‐PCR and immunohistochemical detection. We also tested the possible regulatory mechanism(s) by direct sequencing and methylation PCR analysis. Our results showed that decreased expression levels of PER1, PER2, PER3, CRY2, and TIM in hepatocellular carcinomas were observed. Decreased‐expression of these genes was not caused by genetic mutations, but by several factors, such as promoter methylation, overexpression of EZH2 or other factors. The downexpression of more circadian genes may result in disturbance of cell cycle, and it is correlated with the tumor size. Downregulation of circadian genes results in disturbance of circadian rhythm in hepatocellular carcinoma which may disrupt the control of the central pacemaker and benefit selective survival of cancerous cells and promote carcinogenesis. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Wild‐type APC regulates caveolin‐1 expression in human colon adenocarcinoma cell lines via FOXO1a and C‐myc
Authors: Roy Upal K. Basu , Henkhaus Rebecca S. , Ignatenko Natalia A. , Mora Jessica , Fultz Kimberly E. , Gerner Eugene W. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractGenetic evidence suggests that caveolin‐1, an essential component of membrane caveolae, acts as a tumor promoter in some, and a tumor suppressor in other cancers. The role of caveolin‐1 in colon carcinogenesis is controversial. We report here, for the first time, that caveolin‐1 is transcriptionally induced in colon cancer cells in response to conditional expression of a full length adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene. This induction of caveolin‐1 by APC is mediated by both FOXO1a, a member of the Forkhead family of transcription factor, and c‐myc. The FOXO1a protein, which is increased by wild‐type APC expression, induces caveolin‐1 promoter–reporter activity and binds directly to a FKHR consensus binding sequence in the caveolin‐1 promoter. The c‐myc protein, which is reduced in the presence of wild‐type APC, acts to repress caveolin‐1 expression by acting at non‐E‐box containing elements in the caveolin‐1 promoter. These data predict that caveolin‐1 protein expression would be decreased early in colonic carcinogenesis, which is associated with loss of wild‐type APC. Our results would be consistent with the interpretation that caveolin‐1 may have tumor suppressing functions during early stages of colon carcinogenesis. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Electromyographic characterization in an animal model of dystonia
Authors: Chaniary Kunal , Baron Mark , Rice Ann , Wetzel Paul , Shapiro Steven 
Published: April 2008

AbstractKernicterus is known to produce damage to the auditory system and the basal ganglia in humans. Although the Gunn rat model of kernicterus has been extensively used to characterize the auditory features, this model has not been similarly utilized to systematically investigate the movement disorder. In the present study, spontaneously jaundiced (jj) 16 day old Gunn rat pups were treated with sulfadimethoxine to exacerbate bilirubin toxicity and compared to saline treated jjs and non‐jaundiced (Nj) littermates. Electromyographic (EMG) activity was recorded from antagonistic hip muscles in dystonic and in normal appearing rats. Raw EMG signals were decomposed using the Discrete Wavelet Transform based multi‐resolution analysis and signal coefficients corresponding to the dominant EMG frequency band were chosen. Gunn rats exposed to sulfadimethoxine developed a stable clinical state characterized by prolonged abnormal axial and appendicular postures. Coherence plots of the separated signals coefficients revealed 4–7 Hz co‐activation in antagonistic muscles that was significantly more prominent in jj sulfa treated dystonic compared to normal rats. The EMG findings support the presence of dystonia in sulfadimethoxine exposed jj Gunn rats and suggest that these animals can serve as a valuable model for experimental investigations of dystonia. © 2008 Movement Disorder Society.
Parkinson's disease in Arabs: A systematic review
Authors: Benamer Hani T.S. , de Silva Rajith , Siddiqui Khurram A. , Grosset Donald G. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractStudies of specific populations have provided invaluable knowledge about Parkinson's disease (PD), especially in the field of genetics. The present report systematically reviews the medical literature on PD in Arabs. Medline and Embase were searched, and 24 article were identified: genetic (n = 17), epidemiological (n = 3), and clinical series (n = 5). Both autosomal dominant and recessive forms of inherited PD are described, associated with four genes (Parkin, PINK1, LRRK2, and PARK9). The G2019S LRRK2 mutation is more common in both familial (37–42%) and apparently sporadic PD (41%) in North African Arabs than in Europeans and North Americans (2–3%). The incidence of PD is reported at 4.5 per 100,000 person‐years and reported prevalence at 27 to 43 per 100,000 persons. Hospital‐based clinical series suggest that parkinsonism is the commonest movement disorder. Clinical features of PD in Arabs are not significantly different from those reported elsewhere. PD was reported as the cause of dementia in around 7% of Arabs. The majority of studies relate to the role of genes in the etiology of PD in North African Arabs. Further genetic, epidemiological and clinical studies from the majority of Arabic countries may enhance our understanding of PD. © 2008 Movement Disorder Society.
Associations between multiple system atrophy and polymorphisms of SLC1A4, SQSTM1, and EIF4EBP1 Genes
Authors: Soma Hiroyuki , Yabe Ichiro , Takei Asako , Fujiki Naoto , Yanagihara Tetsuro , Sasaki Hidenao 
Published: April 2008

AbstractMultiple system atrophy (MSA) is an adult‐onset sporadic neurodegenerative disease. Although the etiology of MSA remains obscure, recent studies suggest that oxidative stress is associated with the pathogenesis of MSA. The aim of this study was to evaluate genetic associations between the candidate genes involved in oxidative stress and MSA in a case‐control study. We examined 119 Japanese patients with MSA and 123 controls, and genotyped single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the following eight genes: CCAAT/enhancer‐binding protein homologous protein, activating transcription factor 3, CCAAT/enhancer‐binding protein‐β, sequestosome 1 (SQSTM1), cysteinyl‐tRNA synthetase, solute carrier family 1A4 (SLC1A4), activating transcription factor 4, and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E‐binding protein 1 (EIF4EBP1). SLC1A4 SNP +28833 (V398I, rs759458, genotype: Pc = 0.0186, allele: Pc = 0.0303, Pc: P‐value with Bonferroni correction), two major haplotypes of SLC1A4 “T‐C‐C‐G” and “T‐C‐T‐A” (Pc = 0.0261 and 0.000768), two‐SNP haplotypes of SQSTM1 “C‐T” and “A‐T” (Pc = 0.0136 and 0.0369), and the most common haplotype of EIF4EBP1 “C‐T‐G‐C” (Pc = 0.0480) showed significant associations. This study revealed genetic associations of SLC1A4, SQSTM1, and EIF4EBP1 with MSA. These results may lend genetic support to the hypothesis that oxidative stress is associated with the pathogenesis of MSA. © 2008 Movement Disorder Society
Neural control of the gastrointestinal tract: Implications for Parkinson disease
Authors: Cersosimo Maria G. , Benarroch Eduardo E. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractDisorders of swallowing and gastrointestinal motility are prominent nonmotor manifestations of Parkinson disease (PD). Motility of the gut is controlled both by extrinsic inputs from the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV) and paravertebral sympathetic ganglia and by local reflexes mediated by intrinsic neurons of the enteric nervous system (ENS). Both the ENS and the DMV are affected by Lewy body pathology at early stages of PD. This early involvement provides insights into the pathophysiology of gastrointestinal dysmotility in this disorder and may constitute an important step in the etiopathogenesis of Lewy body disease. © 2008 Movement Disorder Society.
Progranulin gene mutation with an unusual clinical and neuropathologic presentation
Authors: Wider Christian , Uitti Ryan J. , Wszolek Zbigniew K. , Fang John Y. , Josephs Keith A. , Baker Matthew C. , Rademakers Rosa , Hutton Michael L. , Dickson Dennis W. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractProgranulin gene (PGRN) mutations cause frontotemporal lobar degeneration with ubiquitin‐positive inclusions (FTLD‐U). Patients usually present with a frontotemporal dementia syndrome and have prominent atrophy and neuronal loss in frontal and temporal cortices and the striatum, with neuronal intranuclear and cytoplasmic inclusions. Clinical, neuropathological, and genetic studies are reported on an individual with PGRN mutation and her family members. We describe a patient with a PGRN c.26C>A mutation who presented with progressive stuttering dysarthria, oculomotor abnormalities, choreic buccolingual movements, and mild parkinsonism. Two other family members were affected, one with a behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia syndrome, the other with a diagnosis of probable Alzheimer's disease. At autopsy there was no neuronal loss in the cortex or medial temporal lobe structures, but there was striatal gliosis. Immunohistochemistry for ubiquitin and TDP‐43 revealed neuronal cytoplasmic and intranuclear inclusions as well as neurites. This study further expands the clinical and pathological spectrum of PGRN mutations, and suggests the diagnosis could be missed in some individuals with atypical presentations. © 2008 Movement Disorder Society
Potassium channel blocker 4‐aminopyridine is effective in interictal cerebellar symptoms in episodic ataxia type 2 — A video case report
Authors: Löhle Matthias , Schrempf Wiebke , Wolz Martin , Reichmann Heinz , Storch Alexander 
Published: April 2008

AbstractEpisodic ataxia type 2 (EA2) is an autosomal‐dominant hereditary disorder clinically characterized by recurrent attacks of vertigo, imbalance and ataxia. Studies have shown that 4‐aminopyridine (4‐AP) is capable to prevent these attacks. However, there are no reports whether 4‐AP is able to attenuate interictal cerebellar ataxia. Using the scale for assessment and rating of ataxia (SARA), we examined the efficacy of 4‐AP on interictal ataxia in a 63‐year‐old female patient who suffered from EA2 since the age of 57. EA2 was diagnosed based on clinical criteria and not genetically proven. When treatment with 4‐AP was paused the patient was suffering from marked gait and stance ataxia. After re‐initiation of treatment with 5 mg 4‐AP t.i.d., there was pronounced improvement in gait and stance ataxia. Within 24 hours SARA score lowered from 8.5 to 4.5 points. We conclude that 4‐AP may be beneficial for interictal cerebellar ataxia in late onset EA2. © 2008 Movement Disorder Society
The distinctive movement disorder of ovarian teratoma‐associated encephalitis
Authors: Kleinig Timothy J. , Thompson Philip D. , Matar Walid , Duggins Andrew , Kimber Thomas E. , Morris John G. , Kneebone Christopher S. , Blumbergs Peter C. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe movement disorder observed in four cases of ovarian teratoma associated encephalitis is described. The illness began with neuropsychiatric symptoms and was followed by prolonged unresponsiveness, respiratory failure, and autonomic instability. The movement disorder consisted of semirhythmic repetitive bulbar and limb movements and persisted during prolonged periods of unresponsiveness, diminishing as awareness returned. The characteristics of the movement disorder differed from recognized dyskinesias. It is suggested that interruption of forebrain corticostriatal inputs by anti‐N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate (NMDA) receptor antibodies removes tonic inhibition of brainstem pattern generators releasing primitive patterns of bulbar and limb movement. Recognition of the distinctive movements should prompt a search for an ovarian teratoma since the condition is responsive to tumor resection and immunomodulation. © 2008 Movement Disorder Society
The asymptotic behaviour of weak solutions to the forward problem of electrical impedance tomography on unbounded three‐dimensional domains
Authors: Lukaschewitsch Michael , Maass Peter , Pidcock Michael , Sebu Cristiana 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe forward problem of electrical impedance tomography on unbounded domains can be studied by introducing appropriate function spaces for this setting. In this paper we derive the point‐wise asymptotic behaviour of weak solutions to this problem in the three‐dimensional case. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On growth factors of the modified Gram–Schmidt algorithm
Authors: Wei Musheng , Liu Qiaohua 
Published: April 2008

AbstractGrowth factors play a central role in studying the stability properties and roundoff estimates of matrix factorizations; therefore, they have attracted many numerical analysts to study upper bounds of these growth factors.In this article, we derive several upper bounds of row‐wise growth factors of the modified Gram–Schmidt (MGS) algorithm to solve the least squares (LS) problem and the weighted LS problem. We also extend the analysis to the MGS‐like algorithm to solve the constrained LS problem. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ℋ︁‐matrix preconditioners for symmetric saddle‐point systems from meshfree discretization
Authors: Le Borne Sabine , Oliveira Suely , Yang Fang 
Published: April 2008

AbstractMeshfree methods are suitable for solving problems on irregular domains, avoiding the use of a mesh. To deal with the boundary conditions, we can use Lagrange multipliers and obtain a sparse, symmetric and indefinite system of saddle‐point type. Many methods have been developed to solve the indefinite system. Previously, we presented an algebraic method to construct an LU‐based preconditioner for the saddle‐point system obtained by meshfree methods, which combines the multilevel clustering method with the ℋ︁‐matrix arithmetic. The corresponding preconditioner has both ℋ︁‐matrix and sparse matrix subblocks. In this paper we refine the above method and propose a way to construct a pure ℋ︁‐matrix preconditioner. We compare the new method with the old method, JOR and smoothed algebraic multigrid methods. The numerical results show that the new preconditioner outperforms the preconditioners based on the other methods. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Numerical simulations of a transient injection flow at low Mach number regime
Authors: Beccantini A. , Studer E. , Gounand S. , Magnaud J.‐P. , Kloczko T. , Corre C. , Kudriakov S. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractIn this paper, a transient injection flow at low Mach number regime is investigated. Three different methods are used and analyzed. Two of them are based on asymptotic models of the Navier–Stokes equations valid for small Mach numbers, whereas the other is based on the full compressible Navier–Stokes equations, with particular care given to the discretization at low Mach numbers. Numerical solutions are computed both with or without the gravity force. Finally, the performance of the solvers in terms of CPU‐time consumption is investigated, and the sensitivity of the solution to some parameters, which affect CPU time is also performed. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Numerical solution to the unsteady two‐dimensional Schrödinger equation using meshless local boundary integral equation method
Authors: Dehghan Mehdi , Mirzaei Davoud 
Published: April 2008

AbstractA meshless local boundary integral equation (LBIE) method is proposed to solve the unsteady two‐dimensional Schrödinger equation. The method is based on the LBIE with moving least‐squares (MLS) approximation. For the MLS approximation, nodal points spread over the analyzed domain are utilized to approximate the interior and boundary variables. A time‐stepping method is employed to deal with the time derivative. An efficient method for dealing with singular domain integrations that appear in the discretized equations is presented. Finally, numerical results are considered for some examples to demonstrate the accuracy, efficiency and high rate of convergence of this method. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Contact with friction in multi‐material arbitrary Lagrangian‐Eulerian formulations using X‐FEM
Authors: Vitali Efrem , Benson David J. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractA contact method with friction for the multi‐dimensional Lagrangian step in multi‐material arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian (ALE) formulations is presented. In our previous research, the extended finite element method (X‐FEM) was used to create independent fields (i.e. velocity, strain rate, force, mass, etc.) for each material in the problem to model contact without friction. The research presented here includes the extension to friction and improvements to the accuracy and robustness of our previous study. The accelerations of the multi‐material nodes are obtained by coupling the material force and mass fields as a function of the prescribed contact; similarly, the velocities of the multi‐material nodes are recalculated using the conservation of momentum when the prescribed contact requires it. The coupling procedures impose the same nodal velocity on the coupled materials in the direction normal to their interface during the time step update. As a result, the overlap of materials is prevented and unwanted separation does not occur. Three different types of contacts are treated: perfectly bonded, frictionless slip, and slip with friction. Example impact problems are solved and the numerical solutions are presented. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Flammability and fire resistance of composites reinforced by natural fibers
Authors: Kozłowski Ryszard , Władyka‐Przybylak Maria 
Published: April 2008

AbstractNatural fiber‐reinforced composites are more and more frequently applied to building industry and transportation. Therefore, the knowledge of their behavior during fire is of high importance. Flammability is one of very important parameters that often limits the application of composites to a given area. It is well‐known that addition of lignocellulosic fibers to polymer changes mechanical properties of the product obtained. However, little information is available on their fire performance. The purpose of this review was to obtain fire performance data for several types of composites reinforced by lignocellulosic fibers. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sequence of cardiovascular changes in IUGR in pregnancies with and without preeclampsia
Authors: Mari Giancarlo , Hanif Farhan , Kruger Michael 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study was to determine the cardiovascular changes sequence in intrauterine‐growth‐restricted (IUGR) fetuses using Doppler ultrasound.MethodsSequential Doppler evaluations were carried out in 29 severe IUGR fetuses in pregnancies without maternal medical complications (group A) and in pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia (group B) delivered at ≤ 32 weeks. Nine fetal vessels and two cardiac valves were studied.ResultsOne hundred and forty three Doppler studies were performed (median: five studies; range 3–9 per patient). There were 19 fetuses in the preeclamptic group and 10 fetuses in the second group. In group A IUGR fetuses, a progressive change was observed in the parameters studied more often than in group B IUGR fetuses (P < 0.05). In six cases, an abnormal tricuspid valve (TV) followed by an abnormal mitral valve (MV) Doppler was recorded prior to the occurrence of the intrauterine‐fetal demise.ConclusionsOur data indicate that (1) in patients without preeclampsia a series of cardiovascular changes almost always occurs in severe IUGR fetuses; (2) the changes preceding intrauterine demise are right cardiac failure followed by left cardiac failure; (3) in patients with preeclampsia, the sequential Doppler changes are unpredictable and are seen in a few patients only. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dansylated acrylic copolymer with potential for sensor applications: Synthesis and properties
Authors: Buruiana Emil C. , Zamfir Mirela , Buruiana Tinca 
Published: April 2008

AbstractA novel copolymer has been prepared by free radical polymerization in dimethylformamide of 5‐dimethylamino‐1‐(β‐methacryloyloxyethylcarbamoyloxyethyl)‐N‐methylsulfonamido‐naphthalene (Dns‐Acr) and methyl methacrylate in 1:3 M ratio with azobis(isobutyronitrile) as the initiator. The structure, purity, and the chemical composition of the dansylated copolymer (Dns‐COPA) were confirmed by spectrophotometric (1HNMR, FTIR, UV/vis), thermal and analytical methods, GPC measurements, and AFM techniques. Compared with Dns‐Acr, whose fluorescence emission band appears at 510 and 430 nm (shoulder), the photoluminescence spectrum of the Dns‐COPA in DMF solution exhibited a strong fluorescence emission at 440 nm (I1), and a small shoulder at 520 nm (I2) accompanying the main signal. The emitting behavior of Dns‐COPA was investigated through a spectrofluorimetric titration experiment, the fluorescence measurements demonstrating that introduction of various acids into the solution has a significant effect upon the quenching of fluorescence. This ability of dansyl copolymer to suffer the protonation of the amino group in organic acidic phase may be exploited in sensor applications. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 3774–3782, 2008