bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Canonical transient receptor potential channels and hypothalamic control of homeostatic functions
Authors: Kelly Martin J. , Wagner Edward J. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractRecent molecular biological and electrophysiological studies have identified multiple transient receptor potential (TRP) channels in hypothalamic neurons as critical modulators of homeostatic functions. In particular, the canonical transient receptor potential channels (TRPCs) are expressed in hypothalamic neurons that are vital for the control of fertility and energy homeostasis. Classical neurotransmitters such as serotonin and glutamate and peptide neurotransmitters such as kisspeptin, neurokinin B and pituitary adenylyl cyclase‐activating polypeptide signal through their cognate G protein‐coupled receptors to activate TPRC 4, 5 channels, which are essentially ligand‐gated calcium channels. In addition to neurotransmitters, circulating hormones like insulin and leptin signal through insulin receptor (InsR) and leptin receptor (LRb), respectively, to activate TRPC 5 channels in hypothalamic arcuate nucleus pro‐opiomelanocortin (POMC) and kisspeptin (arcuate Kiss1 [Kiss1ARH]) neurons to have profound physiological (excitatory) effects. Besides its overt depolarizing effects, TRPC channels conduct calcium ions into the cytoplasm, which has a plethora of downstream effects. Moreover, not only the expression of Trpc5 mRNA but also the coupling of receptors to TRPC 5 channel opening are regulated in different physiological states. In particular, the mRNA expression of Trpc5 is highly regulated in kisspeptin neurons by circulating estrogens, which ultimately dictates the firing pattern of kisspeptin neurons. In obesity states, InsRs are “uncoupled” from opening TRPC 5 channels in POMC neurons, rendering them less excitable. Therefore, in this review, we will focus on the critical role of TRPC 5 channels in regulating the excitability of Kiss1ARH and POMC neurons in different physiological and pathological states.
Incidence, prevalence, and medical costs of pressure injuries in Taiwan from 2001 to 2015: Results of a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Tai Chia‐Hui , Wang Jen‐Hung , Lo Shu‐Fen , Tsay Shwu‐Feng , Yang Chao‐Chih , O Yang An‐Chi , Chung Hui‐Chun 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAims and ObjectivesThis study aims to analyse the trends in the incidence, prevalence and medical costs of pressure injuries (PIs) among genders in Taiwan.BackgroundThe treatment of PIs is complex and costly, often leading to complications and increased mortality. This issue significantly impacts healthcare quality and incurs substantial medical and social costs, warranting attention.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted using data from Taiwan's National Health Insurance Database to obtain and calculate the incidence, prevalence, and medical costs of PIs in the country between 2001 and 2015 as well as to analyse high‐risk groups and the medical care utilisation of patients following the STROBE reporting guidelines.ResultsBetween 2001 and 2015, 15,327 incident case of PIs were diagnosed. During the study period, the prevalence rate of PIs per 100,000 population rose from 26.3 to 189.6, with approximately 11.5%–16.3% of patients undergoing surgical debridement. The PIs prevalence rate increased by 7.2‐fold, and hospitalisation costs accounted for 91.7%–96.0% of the total medical costs. Patients with older age, comorbidities, poorer financial status and lower education levels were found to be likely to develop PIs. These predisposing factors differed between males and females. The prevalence of PIs was higher in patients ≥75 years old than in patients from other age groups. Moreover, PI‐related medical expenses have been increasing annually.ConclusionsIn Taiwan, the rising incidence of PIs is driving up medical costs. Effective care and prevention of PIs necessitate a comprehensive plan from the entire healthcare system.Relevance to Clinical PracticeThis research fills a gap in the available data on the incidence, prevalence, and medical costs of PIs in Taiwan and Asia.Patient or Public ContributionThe findings can be used to help develop clinical guidelines for preventive education and treatment of PIs.
Effect of anti‐thyroid antibodies on recurrent miscarriage: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Song Hongyan , Cui Tianwei , Shi Shaoqi , Xiao Huidongzi , Wei Aiwu 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSettingPrevious studies addressed the association between anti‐thyroid antibodies and recurrent miscarriage (RM), however, the role of anti‐thyroid antibodies in RM patients is debatable.ObjectivesTherefore, we conducted this meta‐analysis and the aim of this current study was to assess whether anti‐thyroid peroxidase (anti‐TPO) and/or anti‐thyroglobulin (anti‐TG) antibody positivity was associated with RM.DesignA meta‐analysis was conducted.ParticipantsRecurrent miscarriage patients.MethodsSTATA 12.0 software were applied to compute odds ratios (ORs)/relative risks (RRs) and 95% CIs regarding association between anti‐TPO and anti‐TG antibodies and the prevalence of RM.ResultsN = 28 studies (8875 participants) explored effect of anti‐thyroid antibodies on RM. Analysis of the 28 studies revealed significant association between anti‐TPO, anti‐TG antibodies and the prevalence of RM with a random effects model (OR/RR = 2.02; 95% CI: 1.63–2.51, p < 0.001; I2 = 44.3%, p value for Q test = 0.004). Analysis of the 20 studies revealed significant association between anti‐TPO antibodies and the prevalence of RM with a random effects model (OR/RR = 1.59; 95% CI: 1.25–2.03, p < 0.001; I2 = 43.1%, p value for Q test = 0.022). Analysis of the 14 studies revealed significant association between anti‐TG antibodies and the prevalence of RM with a random effects model (OR/RR = 2.25; 95% CI: 1.56–3.23, p < 0.001; I2 = 49.2%, p value for Q test = 0.019).ConclusionsBased on the currently available analysis, our findings suggest that women with anti‐TPO and/or anti‐TG antibodies have a higher risk of RM than that in negative antibody women. Further investigation is needed to better clarify the exact role of the anti‐thyroid antibodies in RM and whether treatment is of benefit.LimitationsFirst, differences from various detection methods and reagents used in different studies may affect the diagnostic interpretation of anti‐thyroid antibodies, which might influence the accuracy of this meta‐analysis. Second, positive anti‐thyroid antibodies seem likely to be part of a more general disorder of maternal immune system, due to restrictions of funding and condition, a complete autoantibody screening investigation is hardly to conduct in all participants, and this could be a possible limitation of all included studies. Third, there is no mention of thyroxine therapy on RM, making the meta‐analysis even more limited.
The role of inefficiency in a productivity puzzle: Regional evidence for Great Britain
Authors: Glass Anthony J. , Kenjegalieva Karligash 
Published: April 2024

AbstractFrom around the 2008 crisis there has been a marked slowdown in UK productivity. This has been referred to as a productivity puzzle as there is no consensus on the key explanations for this slowdown. Using data for all the 168 International Territorial Level 3 areas in Great Britain (2004–2020), we make two empirical contributions to the literature on this puzzle. First, we are the first to analyze this productivity puzzle using a stochastic frontier model to account for technical inefficiency. Second, to aid policymakers we uncover the areas that represent spatial total factor productivity (TFP) growth hubs, spokes, leaders and followers. Of the components of TFP growth (growth rates of technical change, returns to scale and efficiency), we find that Britain's productivity slowdown can be more specifically described as a rise in inefficiency.
Bridging the gap between healthcare sectors: Facilitating the transition from NICU to the municipality and home for families with premature infants
Authors: Petersen Mette , Nordlund Helle Lerche , Koreska Mai , Brødsgaard Anne 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPurposeThe transition from hospital to home can be challenging for parents of prematurely born infants. The aim of this ethnographic study was to describe a multidisciplinary and cross‐sectoral discharge conference for families with premature infants transitioning from a neonatal intensive care unit to municipal healthcare services.Design and MethodsAn ethnographically/anthropologically inspired qualitative design was adopted. We conducted four participant observations of multidisciplinary and cross‐sectoral discharge conferences and 12 semistructured interviews with four neonatologists, four nurses, and four health visitors who had attended one of the conferences. Salient themes were generated by two‐part analysis consisting of a thematic analysis followed by Turner's ritual analysis.ResultsThis study illustrated how multidisciplinary and cross‐sectoral discharge conferences improved the quality of care for premature infants and their families in their transition process which was perceived as complex. These conferences contributed to promoting a sense of coherence and continuity of care. The healthcare professionals experienced that this event may be characterized as a ritual, which created structures that promoted cross‐sectoral cooperation and communication while increasing interdisciplinary knowledge sharing. Thus, the conferences triggered a sense that the participants were building bridges to unite healthcare sectors, ensuring a holistic and coordinated approach to meet the unique needs of the infants and their families.Implications for PracticeThis study presented a unique holistic and family‐centered approach to constructing multidisciplinary and cross‐sectoral discharge conferences that seemed to underpin the quality of interdisciplinary and health‐related knowledge sharing and establish a crucial starting point for early interventions, preventive measures, and health‐promoting efforts. Hopefully, our findings will encourage others to rethink the discharge conference as a transitional ritual that may potentially bridge the gap between healthcare sectors. Specifically, our findings contribute to the mounting body of knowledge of family‐centered care by showing how healthcare professionals may—in a meaningful and tangible manner—operate, develop, and implement this somewhat elusive theoretical foundation in their clinical practice.
Peroxidase gene TaPrx109‐B1 enhances wheat tolerance to water deficit via modulating stomatal density
Authors: Jiao Yanqing , Lv Weizeng , Teng Wan , Li Le , Lan Haibin , Bai Lu , Li Zongzhen , Lian Yanhao , Wang Zhiqiang , Xin Zeyu , Ren Yongzhe , Lin Tongbao 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIncreasing the tolerance of crops to water deficit is crucial for the improvement of crop production in water‐restricted regions. Here, a wheat peroxidase gene (TaPrx109‐B1) belonging to the class III peroxidase gene family was identified and its function in water deficit tolerance was revealed. We demonstrated that overexpression of TaPrx109‐B1 reduced leaf H2O2 level and stomatal density, increased leaf relative water content, water use efficiency, and tolerance to water deficit. The expression of TaEPF1 and TaEPF2, two key negative regulators of stomatal development, were significantly upregulated in TaPrx109‐B1 overexpression lines. Furthermore, exogenous H2O2 downregulated the expression of TaEPF1 and TaEPF2 and increased stomatal density, while exogenous application of diphenyleneiodonium chloride, a potent NADPH oxidase inhibitor that repressed the synthesis of H2O2, upregulated the expression of TaEPF1 and TaEPF2, decreased stomatal density, and enhanced wheat tolerance to water deficit. These findings suggest that TaPrx109‐B1 influences leaf stomatal density by modulation of H2O2 level and the expression of TaEPF1 and TaEPF2. The results of the field trial showed that overexpressing TaPrx109‐B1 increased grain number per spike, which reduced the yield loss caused by water deficiency. Therefore, TaPrx109‐B1 has great potential in breeding wheat varieties with improved water deficit tolerance.
A cultural theory of the culture wars
Authors: Swedlow Brendon , Ripberger Joseph T. , Yuan Meng 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWe provide the first account of the culture wars in the political psychology and public opinion literature based on a theory of culture. Using innovative measures of grid‐group cultural theory (CT), we identify the cultures associated with ideological and partisan identifications in annual U.S. national surveys from 2011 to 2022, a unique data set of 24,870 respondents. As hypothesized, we find that the culture wars occur not just between ideologues and partisans but among them as they draw support from distinct, relatively stable yet shifting cultural coalitions. Egalitarian and, less often, fatalistic liberals and Democrats battle against individualistic and, less often, hierarchical, conservatives and Republicans. As hypothesized, fatalists are the least reliable coalition partners, and, as expected, they gravitate Republican and conservative in 2017, after Trump's election. However, fatalists who are strong partisan identifiers never defect. Moreover, our hypothesis that fatalist attraction to Trump would drive defections in their political identification is largely invalidated. Instead, fatalists mostly flee Trump in our aggregate analysis as well as in subanalyses of strong and weak ideological and partisan identifiers. In 2016 and 2018–2022, it appears that independent fatalists cause fatalists to gravitate liberal and Democrat. Unexpectedly, hierarchists also go liberal and Democrat in 2022, in apparent reaction to Trump's multifront attacks on the 2020 election that he lost. We identify the basis for cultural coalitions that can end particular culture wars, including the most significant one now occurring between egalitarians and individualists, and conclude with suggestions for further research.
Reward positivity affects temporal interval production in a continuous timing task
Authors: Yan Yan , Hunt Laurence T. , Hassall Cameron D. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe neural circuits of reward processing and interval timing (including the perception and production of temporal intervals) are functionally intertwined, suggesting that it might be possible for momentary reward processing to influence subsequent timing behavior. Previous animal and human studies have mainly focused on the effect of reward on interval perception, whereas its impact on interval production is less clear. In this study, we examined whether feedback, as an example of performance‐contingent reward, biases interval production. We recorded EEG from 20 participants while they engaged in a continuous drumming task with different realistic tempos (1728 trials per participant). Participants received color‐coded feedback after each beat about whether they were correct (on time) or incorrect (early or late). Regression‐based EEG analysis was used to unmix the rapid occurrence of a feedback response called the reward positivity (RewP), which is traditionally observed in more slow‐paced tasks. Using linear mixed modeling, we found that RewP amplitude predicted timing behavior for the upcoming beat. This performance‐biasing effect of the RewP was interpreted as reflecting the impact of fluctuations in reward‐related anterior cingulate cortex activity on timing, and the necessity of continuous paradigms to make such observations was highlighted.
On homology planes and contractible 4‐manifolds
Authors: Aguilar Rodolfo Aguilar , Şavk Oğuz 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWe call a non‐trivial homology sphere a Kirby–Ramanujam sphere if it bounds both a homology plane and a Mazur or Poénaru manifold. In 1980, Kirby found the first example by proving that the boundary of the Ramanujam surface bounds a Mazur manifold and it has remained a single example since then. By tracing their initial step, we provide the first additional examples and we present three infinite families of Kirby–Ramanujam spheres. Also, we show that one of our families of Kirby–Ramanujam spheres is diffeomorphic to the splice of two certain families of Brieskorn spheres. Since this family of Kirby–Ramanujam spheres bound contractible 4‐manifolds, they lie in the class of the trivial element in the homology cobordism group; however, both splice components are separately linearly independent in that group.
Enhancing the Mobility of Small-Scale Robots Via Nonlinear Structural Springs Exhibiting Negative Stiffness
Authors: Zhang Yujia , Shen Jiajia , Yan Yao , Tong Jingzhong , Zhang Lei , Liu Yang 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Compared to traditional robotic systems, small-scale robots, ranging from several millimeters to micrometres in size, are capable of reaching narrower and vulnerable regions with minimal damage. However, conventional small-scale robots’ limited maneuverability and controlability hinder their ability to effectively navigate in the intricate environments, such as the gastrointestinal tract. Self-propelled capsule robots driven by vibrations and impacts emerge as a promising solution, holding the potentials to enhance diagnostic accuracy, enable targeted drug delivery, and alleviate patient discomfort during gastrointestinal endoscopic procedures. This paper builds upon our previous work on self-propelled capsule robots, exploring the potential of nonlinear connecting springs to enhance its propulsion capabilities. Leveraging a mathematical model for self-propelling robots with a von Mises truss spring, which is verified using a finite element model, we investigate the effects of negative stiffness and snap-back within the nonlinear structural spring on the robots’ propelling speed. Our analysis reveals that the negative stiffness of the von Mises truss can significantly reduce the sensitivity of the propelling speed to excitation frequency. As a result, the capsule robot exhibits a remarkably wider operational band where it maintains a high average propelling speed, surpassing its linear counterpart. This work sheds light on the potential for developing customized nonlinear structural systems for diverse scenarios in small-scale robot applications, opening up new possibilities for enhanced functionality and maneuverability in various biomedical applications.
CCR2-dependent CX3CR1+ colonic macrophages promote
Enterococcus faecalis
dissemination
Authors: Jennings Kevin C. , Johnson Kaitlin E. , Hayward Michael A. , Kristich Christopher J. , Salzman Nita H. 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Enterococci are common commensal bacteria that colonize the gastrointestinal tracts of most mammals, including humans. Importantly, these bacteria are one of the leading causes of nosocomial infections. This study examined the role of colonic macrophages in facilitating
Enterococcus faecalis
infections in mice. We determined that depletion of colonic phagocytes resulted in the reduction of
E. faecalis
dissemination to the gut-draining mesenteric lymph nodes. Furthermore, we established that trafficking of monocyte-derived CX3CR1-expressing macrophages contributed to
E. faecalis
dissemination in a manner that was not reliant on CCR7, the conventional receptor involved in lymphatic migration. Finally, we showed that
E. faecalis
mutants with impaired intracellular survival exhibited reduced dissemination, suggesting that
E. faecalis
can exploit host immune cell migration to disseminate systemically and cause disease. Our findings indicate that modulation of macrophage trafficking in the context of antibiotic therapy could serve as a novel approach for preventing or treating opportunistic infections by disseminating enteric pathobionts like
E. faecalis
.
Recycling of Paleo-Tethyan oceanic crust: Geochemical record from Early–Middle Triassic igneous rocks in the East Kunlun Orogen in western China
Authors: Hu Ye-Dan , Ma Li-Tao , Dai Li-Qun , Zhao Zi-Fu , Sun Guo-Chao , Gong Bing 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Deciphering the contribution of crustal materials to generation of mafic arc igneous rocks at different subduction stages is of great significance to unravel the fate of the subducted paleo-oceanic crust. Here we present an integrated geochemical study on two types of early Mesozoic mafic arc igneous rocks from the East Kunlun Orogen. Zircon U-Pb isotopic analyses yield ages of 252–248 Ma for lamprophyres and 239–238 Ma for diorite porphyries. All the samples display arc-like trace element distribution patterns, high zircon δ18O values, and variably low zircon εHf(t) values. However, significant geochemical distinctions exist in terms of trace element concentrations, radiogenic isotopes, and other geochemical variations between them. The Early Triassic lamprophyres are characterized by significant enrichment in fluid-mobile trace elements and weakly enriched whole-rock Sr-Nd-Hf isotopes, whereas the Middle Triassic diorite porphyries show high contents of light rare earth elements, Th, Zr, and Hf, and more enriched Sr-Nd-Hf isotopes. Furthermore, the lamprophyres exhibit remarkably higher ratios of Ba/Th, Ba/La, K/La, and Sr/Nd and slightly higher ratios of La/Sm, Th/Yb, and Th/La than mid-oceanic-ridge basalt (MORB), while the diorite porphyries display higher La/Sm, Th/Yb, Th/Nd, and Th/La ratios compared to normal MORB but closer to those of seafloor sediments. Taken together, these differences can be attributed to the incorporation of two distinct slab liquids into their mantle sources, including oceanic slab-derived aqueous solutions and minor sediment-derived hydrous melts for the formation of the lamprophyres, and sediment-derived hydrous melts for the formation of the diorite porphyries. As a result, we suggest the lamprophyres were generated during the Early Triassic subduction of the Paleo-Tethyan oceanic crust, while the diorite porphyries may be generated due to rollback of the subducting oceanic slab in response to the closure of the Paleo-Tethyan Ocean basin. Therefore, the studied Early–Middle Triassic mafic igneous rocks provide important evidence for the recycling of the Paleo-Tethyan oceanic slab at different stages.
Environmental pollutants exposure-derived extracellular vesicles: crucial players in respiratory disorders
Authors: Shen Haoran , Zheng Rui , Du Mulong , Christiani David C 
Published: April 2024

BackgroundIndividual exposure to environmental pollutants, as one of the most influential drivers of respiratory disorders, has received considerable attention due to its preventability and controllability. Considering that the extracellular vesicle (EV) was an emerging intercellular communication medium, recent studies have highlighted the crucial role of environmental pollutants derived EVs (EPE-EVs) in respiratory disorders.MethodsPubMed and Web of Science were searched from January 2018 to December 2023 for publications with key words of environmental pollutants, respiratory disorders and EVs.ResultsEnvironmental pollutants could disrupt airway intercellular communication by indirectly stimulating airway barrier cells to secrete endogenous EVs, or directly transmitting exogenous EVs, mainly by biological pollutants. Mechanistically, EPE-EVs transferred specific contents to modulate biological functions of recipient cells, to induce respiratory inflammation and impair tissue and immune function, which consequently contributed to the development of respiratory diseases, such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pulmonary fibrosis, pulmonary hypertension, lung cancer and infectious lung diseases. Clinically, EVs could emerged as promising biomarkers and biological agents for respiratory diseases attributed by their specificity, convenience, sensibility and stability.ConclusionsFurther studies of EPE-EVs are helpful to understand the aetiology and pathology of respiratory diseases, and facilitate the precision respiratory medicine in risk screening, early diagnosis, clinical management and biotherapy.