bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Upper-limb resympathectomy
Authors: Haxton H A 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Details are given of a case in which reoperation for upper-limb sympathectomy was carried out 7 years after the first operation. On each side the returned sympathetic activity was abolished by a removal of tissue from the area of the previous operation and without the production of Horner's syndrome. Gustatory sweating, which had developed after the first operation, was abolished by the second. These observations are discussed, particularly in relation to the writer's earlier tests with paravertebral blocks. It is concluded that the fibres responsible for sympathetic activity returning to the hand after sympathectomy arise from a regrowth of fibres sectioned at the operation. The writer's operation, designed to make functioning reconnexion more difficult, is more effective than the usual procedures.
Intraperitoneal noxythiolin in faecal peritonitis
Authors: Browne M K , Stoller J L 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Noxythiolin is a simple chemical compound which undergoes slow decomposition to liberate free formaldehyde. It is relatively non-toxic when given intraperitoneally to animals and has a high therapeutic ratio. When a lethal Gram-negative peritonitis has been induced in guinea-pigs with Proteus and coliform organisms, intraperitoneal injection of noxythiolin offers significant protection.
In humans with faecal peritonitis, the use of noxythiolin intraperitoneally reduces the morbidity and mortality of the condition. In this reported series of 23 cases, only 3 deaths occurred, 2 of which were from pulmonary embolism. It is suggested that this simple substance is a useful addition to our therapeutic armamentarium in all cases of peritonitis.
Obstruction of the common bile-duct by fasciola hepatica occurrence in a boy of 12 years
Authors: Nicholas J L 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A case is reported of acute obstruction of the common bile-duct by Fasciola hepatica, the common liver fluke, in a Yemeni boy of 12 years who was also found to be suffering from schistosomiasis.
At operation the fluke was removed by choledochotomy and cholecystectomy was performed.
No previous case of operative removal of Fasciola from the common duct of a child has been found in the literature although similar procedures have been done in children with the Chinese biliary obstructive syndrome.
The incidence, clinical features, diagnosis, and management of hepatic fascioliasis are discussed.
Tension pneumoperitoneum
Authors: Lagundoye S B , Itayemi S O 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Two cases of tension pneumoperitoneum seen in 2 female adults in the University College Hospital, Ibadan, are described. One was a complication of abdominal and pelvic tuberculosis with tuberculous ulcers of the colon detected at autopsy. The other developed tension pneumoperitoneum following puerperal sepsis. In neither was a site of perforation detected nor were gas-forming organisms grown on culture. The literature on the subject is reviewed.
Clinical signs in deep-vein thrombosis
Authors: Hall Christine M , Clark C G 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Forty-eight general surgical patients were examined for deep venous thrombosis for the first 5 postoperative days, both by the 125I-fibrinogen scanning technique and clinically. The results indicated that over half of the patients developing deep venous thrombosis could be accurately diagnosed by taking a combination of two or more of the following clinical signs: pain, tenderness, and oedema.
The anatomy and management of aneurysms of the internal iliac artery
Authors: Martin Peter , Frawley John E , Sripad Sushila 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Very large aneurysms of the internal iliac artery cause distortion of the normal anatomy and this is described in some detail. The internal iliac artery has large parietal branches as well as visceral branches and control of the parietal branches is essential when surgery of such aneurysms is undertaken. The operation for such aneurysms is described.
Thrombectomy employing continuous radiological control
Authors: Mansfield Averil O , Carmichael J H E , Parry E W 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
An improved technique of thrombectomy is described.
A mobile image intensifier is used throughout the procedure, and the balloon of the Fogarty catheter is inflated with a radio-opaque medium.
The advantages of the technique are:— Accurate positioning of the caval occlusion catheter and demonstration of actual occlusion.Localization and manœuvring of the thrombectomy catheter in its passage to the vena cava.Detection of pelvic venous compressions.
Lipoprotein-lipase responses to heparin
Authors: Morris C M , Kirumba J , Furneaux R W , Ham J M 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Recent evidence suggests an interrelationship between platelets, heparin, and the lipolytic enzyme, lipoprotein-lipase. It seems likely that heparin might influence platelet adherence through its activation of lipoprotein-lipase. The mode of activation of the enzyme by heparin may, therefore, be important clinically.
In these experiments the enzyme responses to increasing doses of heparin have been measured in dogs. The mean enzyme responses were found to be directly related to the logarithm of the heparin dose.
Sector mastectomy in selected cases of breast cancer
Authors: Taylor Hermon , Baker Richard , Fortt R Windsor , Hermon-Taylor John 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Seventy-seven patients with stage I or II carcinoma of the breast, usually less than 5 cm. in diameter and more than 2·5 cm. from the nipple, were treated by sector mastectomy and postoperative radiotherapy. Fourteen subsequently required simple mastectomy for local recurrence. The 5-year survival rate was 71 per cent; the 10-year rate 50 per cent. The cosmetic result was good in the majority of cases.
Release of prostaglandin E2 and unidentified factors from ventilated lungs
Authors: Berry Elliott M , Edmonds John F , Wyllie John H 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Prostaglandin E2 and unidentified substances were released from isolated lungs of guinea-pigs in response to inflation. If a similar release of prostaglandin occurs in vivo it may contribute to the hypotension which sometimes accompanies positive-pressure ventilation. It is even possible that the phenomenon plays a part in the normal control of blood-pressure.
Pyloromyotomy: Technique and use for gastric drainage combined with vagotomy
Authors: Marchand Paul 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Gastric drainage must accompany vagotomy and for this purpose gastro-enterostomy and pyloroplasty are equally effective. When the stomach requires to be extensively mobilized, as for high oesophagogastric anastomoses, these drainage operations interfere with important collateral vessels and they may impede mobilization of the stomach by shortening or anchoring the gastric outlet. In this situation both internal pyloric stretching and stretch pyloromyotomy have, over a period of 10 years, provided effective gastric drainage. Internal pyloric stretching without myotomy would seem to be the ideal decompressive manoeuvre for cases of high gastrooesophagectomy.
Pyloric stretching with or without myotomy has been used in 56 cases of transthoracic hiatus hernia repair accompanied by vagotomy for associated duodenal ulcers. The technique was used originally only because it was simpler than a pyloroplasty to perform through a left thoracotomy. On the basis of postoperative symptoms, gastric emptying times, and fasting gastric secretion volumes, it has proved as effective as other drainage procedures provided duodenal or pyloric fibrosis is absent or minimal. The technique permits of accurate hernia repair with vagotomy through a standard left thoracotomy.
A new method for intra-operative identification of insulinomas
Authors: Keaveny T Vincent , Tawes Roy , Belzer Folkert O 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A case is presented in which toluidine blue-O was used to identify an islet-cell tumour of the pancreas. Metastatic deposits in two lymph-nodes were also stained. The method is recommended in exploration of the pancreas, especially when no tumour is palpable, or to identify metastatic spread of an islet-cell tumour.
Undiagnosed traumatic diaphragmatic hernia
Authors: Samaan H A 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
In penetrating wounds and crushing injuries involving the chest and the abdomen, rupture of the diaphragm may be difficult to diagnose and is easily missed.
Strangulation and obstruction may occur at any time in a previously undiagnosed traumatic diaphragmatic hernia or it may present with acute pain in the chest and collapse due to perforation of a displaced viscus into the chest, a clinical appearance mimicking myocardial infarction. Severe pain in the shoulder and neck may occur due to irritation of the phrenic nerve; anorexia, vomiting, or disabling dyspnoea which may be sudden or of gradual onset over years may also be presenting signs.
The dome of the diaphragm may be torn transversely or obliquely. Occasionally complete detachment of the periphery of the diaphragm and rupture of the central tendon and pericadium may occur.
Eight cases of complications following undiagnosed traumatic diaphragmatic hernia are discussed. The importance of searching for a previous history of injury to the chest is stressed. The transthoracic approach for treatment in such cases seems the most suitable.
Bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase clearance from blood-plasma by perfusion through activated carbon
Authors: Barakat T , MacPhee I W 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A prepared solution, human urine, bile, and stored blood were perfused through a carbon column. Urea, bilirubin, and calcium were adsorbed in particular, and the fluids became progressively more alkaline. Ammonia was not absorbed. In 6 dogs with obstructive jaundice, a haemoperfusion through a similar carbon column was carried out. A simple technique avoiding serious damage to the blood-cell elements is described. A reduction of the serum bilirubin and of the serum alkaline phosphatase occurred after haemoperfusion.
Treatment of experimental venous thrombosis with streptokinase and ancrod (Arvin)
Authors: Pitney W R , Raphael M J , Webb-Peploe M M , Olsen E G J 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Phenol was applied to the exposed femoral veins of anaesthetized dogs and the fate of the induced thrombi was followed by serial phlebography and eventual histology. Thrombi less than 24 hours old were treated with a 9-hour infusion of streptokinase and patency was restored in 38 of 48 veins (79 percent). Rethrombosis had occurred 6 days later in all of 10 veins which received no further treatment. Five of 14 veins (36 per cent) remained patent when dogs were given treatment with ancrod following thrombolysis by streptokinase. Probable explanations for rethrombosis in the other 9 veins despite ancrod therapy were failure to clear the veins completely of thrombi with streptokinase and failure to maintain a sufficiently low level of plasma fibrinogen in some dogs because of bleeding. Streptokinase therapy followed by ancrod warrants further study in the treatment of deep-vein thrombosis.
Haemorrhagic shock in early acute pancreatitis a rare but significant event
Authors: Karmody A M , Galloway J M D 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Serious haemorrhage late in the course of severe acute pancreatitis is an uncommon but wellrecognized condition. Massive intraperitoneal bleeding as a presenting symptom is extremely rare and has not previously been recorded. A case where bleeding occurred from the left gastric artery is presented. Attention is drawn to the need for laparotomy or paracentesis in the profoundly shocked patient with pancreatitis who fails to respond to conservative care, for in such cases the haemorrhage may readily be arrested and a fatal outcome averted.
Circuitry and technique of extracorporeal porcine liver perfusion for the treatment of hepatic coma
Authors: Chalstrey L J , Parbhoo S P 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A technique is described for the treatment of patients in acute liver failure by perfusing their blood through an isolated pig liver. The circuit is arranged so as to allow good function of the perfused liver, irrespective of the condition of the patient or the blood-flow from his arterial cannula. of 3 patients so treated, 2 are alive and well.
Jaundice in acute cholecystitis
Authors: Watkin D F L , Thomas G G 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A series of 144 patients with acute cholecystitis included 32 who were jaundiced. Seventy-three per cent of the jaundiced group had stones in the common bile-duct, compared with only 6.5 per cent of nonjaundiced patients. Jaundice in acute cholecystitis is, therefore, a strong indication for exploration of the common bile-duct. This applies not only to elective but also to emergency or early operation.
Misleading features in the clinical diagnosis of the peripheral glomus tumour
Authors: Cooke S A R 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The clincal features of the glomus tumour (Barré and Masson, 1924) are presented with a review of the literature and a study of 24 further cases. The less common symptoms and signs associated with tumours sited in the finger or thumb are defined and their pathological significance discussed. They include severe pain radiating to the arm or neck, hyperhidrosis, raised skin temperature, skin colour changes, and tissue atrophy. The salient points from 10 cases from the literature which demonstrate these features and 2 cases from the present series are presented. It is clear that the presence of such misleading signs and symptoms, unless their significance is realized, may on occasion lead to incorrect diagnosis and inappropriate therapy.
The above-knee amputation for ischaemia
Authors: Hall R , Shucksmith H S 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The results of 283 above-knee amputations for ischaemia, using techniques standardized since 1950, are described. The primary healing rate was 76 per cent and the mortality 9 per cent; these results compare favourably with those of published series for other sites of amputation. Antibiotic cover was not used. Seventy-five per cent of the patients were able to walk on appliances and attention is particularly drawn to the value of the short rocker pylons which have been fitted to the 25-cm. stumps of the bilateral amputee.
Hydronephrosis due to pelvi-ureteric obstruction in children. An assessment of the anterior transperitoneal approach
Authors: Eckstein H B , Kamal Ihab 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Twenty-four children (29 kidneys) with hydronephrosis due to pelvi-ureteric obstruction are reviewed. Conservative plastic surgery to the pelviureterc junction is recommended and an anterior transperitoneal approach to the renal pelvis is advocated. Extrarenal drainage should be used and pyelostomy or nephrostomy is not usually necessary. While the clinical results are excellent the radiological changes tend to be more disappointing and a longer follow-up period may be required to improve the radiological appearances.
The role of protamine zinc insulin in accelerating wound healing in the rat
Authors: Udupa K N , Chansouria J P N 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Protamine zinc insulin significantly increases the bursting strength of experimental abdominal wounds in rats. Better healing was also noticed in these wounds when studied histologically. There was an earlier appearance of collagen fibres in the treated wounds, and these fibres became compact, dense, and welloriented sooner than those in the control animals. There was no significant increase in the quantity of collagen fibres in treated animals when studied by the granuloma pouch technique.
Human breast carcinoma culture: The effects of hormones
Authors: Barker J R , Richmond C 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Tumours from 14 patients with early carcinoma of the breast were cultured in vitro; successful growth of cells was obtained in 90 per cent of the 84 cultures. The rate of growth of the cells was assessed by glucose utilization and lactic acid production. Eight tumours were treated in vitro with prolactin and hydrocortisone; both hormones produced a decrease in the rate of growth of 1 tumour, hydrocortisone increased the growth rate in another, and in 6 the growth rate was unchanged. Six tumours were treated with stilboestrol, which produced a decrease in the rate of growth of 2 tumours, an increase in 1, and 3 were unchanged.
Below- and through-knee amputations in ischaemic disease
Authors: Chilvers A S , Briggs J , Browse N L , Kinmonth J B 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Fifty-three below-knee amputations and 22 through-knee amputations were done for ischaemic disease at St. Thomas's Hospital over the past 5 years. It was found that 36 of the below-knee amputations healed satisfactorily, 27 by first intention, 9 after infection. Eleven of the through-knee amputations healed, 4 after infection. The healing was unaffected by the presence or absence of peripheral gangrene. It is suggested that is suggested that in ischaemic disease of the lower limbs a below-knee amputation should be considered as it has a 70 per cent chance of healing, but if it is felt that this amputation is not suitable then an above-knee amputation should be done in preference to a through-knee amputation.
Hirschsprung's Disease
Authors: Davis P W , Foster D B E 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Experience with 38 cases of Hirschsprung's disease seen over a 20-year period is described. Only 24 per cent of cases presented with a combination of symptoms and signs such as to suggest the correct diagnosis on clinical grounds. Barium-enema examination carries a high ‘true-positive’ rate, but cases reported as negative must be viewed critically. A radiological diagnosis of idiopathic megacolon should not be accepted without supplementary rectal biopsy and/or anorectal pressure studies. Survival without surgery is compatible with Hirschsprung's disease, but the dangers of enterocolitis must be acknowledged. Rectosigmoidectomy, which includes resection to an area of normal innervation proximally and excision of part of the internal sphincter of the rectum distally, produces a satisfactory late functional result at an acceptable mortality-rate. A colostomy prior to rectosigmoidectomy is advisable when there is a history of repeated attacks of subacute obstruction and one or more episodes of enterocolitis. A colostomy after rectosigmoidectomy is advisable in those cases which are submitted to laparotomy for intestinal obstruction in the period following operation, even when no mechanical cause for obstruction is demonstrable. Patients with problems relating to coprostasis following treatment of congenital anorectal disorders should be submitted to rectal biopsy, since a proportion of these patients reveal a deficiency of innervation of the distal large bowek which approximate to that seen in Hirschsprung's disease.
Carcinoma of the duodenum
Authors: Kenefick John S 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Five patients with carcinoma of the second part of the duodenum, presenting with obstructive jaundice, are discussed. The diagnosis was established at operation and radical surgery was not possible in any case. Local excision of the tumour and the adjacent duodenal wall with reanastomosis of the bile-duct and pancreatic duct to the duodenum were performed. Three patients died from the disease within 1 year of operation and 2 patients are still alive 16 and 18 months after operation. The clinical features of this disease are reviewed.
Platelet adhesiveness and lipoprotein lipase activity in patients with benign and malignant disease of the prostate
Authors: Ham J M , Jones M , Kemp D 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Platelet adhesiveness and lipoprotein lipase (clearing factor lipase) activity have been measured in 22 patients with benign prostatic obstruction and in 20 patients with prostatic carcinoma.
The total platelet counts and the number of adherent platelets were significantly higher and the lipoprotein lipase responses to heparin were significantly lower in the patients with carcinoma.
Reticulo-endothelial system activity during homograft rejection and immunosuppression
Authors: Blamey R W , Baker Jane M , Crosby D L 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Reticulo-endothelial system activity was measured in the rat by the rate of colloid clearance. Activity was increased following homograft rejection, and in the presence of tumour-specific antigen. Increased activity was also found during immunosuppression with cyclophosphamide, and with methotrexate, despite marked lowering of the white blood-counts.
It is concluded that reticulo-endothelial system activity does not parallel the activity of the lymphoid system in transplantation immunity.
The effect of electrical stimulation of the legs on postoperative thrombosis
Authors: Moloney G E , Morrell M Tessa , Fell R H 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Stimulation of the muscles of the lower limbs during surgery was evaluated as a means of preventing postoperative leg-vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. Of 285 patients submitted to a major operation, 113 were stimulated and 172 were not. The two groups were closely similar in age, operations, anaesthesia, diseases, and severity of disease, but there was a negligeible difference in the rates of postoperative thrombosis.
The response to therapy of skeletal metastases from mammary cancer. Assessment by scintigraphy
Authors: Galasko C S B , Doyle F H 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Clinical, radiological, and scintigraphic methods were used to assess the response of 30 patients undergoing treatment for advanced mammary cancer. Scintigraphy provided more information than radiology in 13 patients. In 2 patients scintigraphy indicated that sclerotic metastases which had not altered radiologically following treatment were probably ‘healing’. In another 4 patients who developed apparently ‘new’ sclerotic metastases on serial radiographs the scintigrams indicated that these lesions probably represented ‘healing’ of lesions which had been too small for identification on the original radiographs.
The effect of a single-dose parenteral antibiotic in the prevention of wound infection a controlled trial
Authors: Pollock A V , Tindal D S 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
In a series of 349 operations a single dose of 500 mg. of ampicillin was given immediately preoperatively to 164 patients selected at random. There was no significant reduction in the wound-infection rate in cases given ampicillin compared with the controls.
Inhibition of the growth of tumour cells in culture by noxytiolin
Authors: Jamieson C W 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The effect of noxytiolin on the viability of human tumour cells (HeLa) in monolayer culture was determined by vital staining, impairment of plating efficiency, and measurement of concentrations causing inhibition of growth. Concentrations of more than 0·0025 per cent cause significant inhibition of growth. This is much lower than its bacteriostatic concentration, suggesting that its bacteriostatic effect is non-specific.
Primary skin-grafting in the treatment of chronic osteomyelitis
Authors: Naylor A , Crockett D J 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Attention is called to the value of primary splitthickness skin-grafting, as opposed to secondary grafting, used in conjunction with radical excision of avascular, sclerotic bone in the treatment of chronic osteomyelitis.
Nine cases treated by this method are described. These have remained healed following this procedure after periods of recurrent infection and disability varying from 28 to 2 years, 6 patients having recurrent osteomyelitis for over 10 years before operation. Five cases have remained healed for periods varying from 3 to 5 years following operation, the more recent remaining cases being asymptomatic for 1½−3 years subsequently.