bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kinetics and mechanism study of aniline addition to ethyl propiolate
Authors: Nori‐Shargh Davood , Soltani Bita , Saroogh‐Farahani Nasrin , Deyhimi Farzad 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe kinetics of the addition reaction of aniline to ethyl propiolate in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) as solvent was studied. Initial rate method was used to determine the order of the reaction with respect to the reactants, and pseudo‐first‐order method was used to calculate the rate constant. This reaction was monitored by UV–Vis spectrophotometer at 399 nm by the variable time method. On the basis of the experimental results, the Arrhenius equation for this reaction was obtained as log k = 6.07 ‐ (12.96/2.303 RT). The activation parameters, Ea, ΔH#, ΔG#, and ΔS# at 300 K were 12.96, 13.55, 23.31 kcal mol−1 and −32.76 cal mol−1 K−1, respectively. The results revealed a first‐order reaction with respect to both aniline and ethyl propiolate. In addition, based on the experimental results and using also density functional theory (DFT) at B3LYP/6‐31G* level, a mechanism for this reaction was proposed. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 38: 144–151, 2006
Iterated Neumann problem for the higher order Poisson equation
Authors: Begehr H. , Vanegas C. J. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractRewriting the higher order Poisson equation Δn u = f in a plane domain as a system of Poisson equations it is immediately clear what boundary conditions may be prescribed in order to get (unique) solutions. Neumann conditions for the Poisson equation lead to higher‐order Neumann (Neumann‐n ) problems for Δn u = f . Extending the concept of Neumann functions for the Laplacian to Neumann functions for powers of the Laplacian leads to an explicit representation of the solution to the Neumann‐n problem for Δn u = f . The representation formula provides the tool to treat more general partial differential equations with leading term Δn u in reducing them into some singular integral equations. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Existence of well‐behaved ∗︁‐representations of locally convex ∗︁‐algebras
Authors: Bhatt S. J. , Fragoulopoulou M. , Inoue A. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe following problems are investigated: (1) The existence of well‐behaved ∗︁‐representations on a ∗︁‐algebra 𝒜 equipped with an unbounded m *‐seminorm p , in terms of non‐zero p ‐continuous representable (positive) linear functionals on the domain 𝔇(p ) of p . (2) The existence of well‐behaved ∗︁‐representations of a locally convex ∗︁‐algebra 𝒜, in terms of non‐zero unbounded C *‐seminorms on 𝒜 with domain the ∗︁‐subalgebra 𝒜b generated by the hermitian part of the Allan bounded set 𝒜0 of 𝒜. (3) The existence of faithful well‐behaved ∗︁‐representations of a locally convex ∗︁‐algebra 𝒜, in terms of the so‐called unbounded Gel'fand–Naĭmark C *‐seminorm on 𝒜. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
On monotonic solutions of an integral equation of Volterra–Stieltjes type
Authors: Caballero J. , Rocha J. , Sadarangani K. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to obtain monotonic solutions of an integral equation of Volterra–Stieltjes type in C [0, 1]. Existence will be established with the aid of a measures of noncompactness. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Jump processes and nonlinear fractional heat equations on metric measure spaces
Authors: Hu Jiaxin , Zähle Martina 
Published: December 2005

AbstractJump processes on metric‐measure spaces are investigated by using heat kernels. It is shown that the heat kernel corresponding to a σ ‐stable type process decays at a polynomial rate rather than at an exponential rate as a Brownian motion. The domain of the Dirichlet form associated with the jump process is a Sobolev–Slobodeckij space, and the embedding theorems for this space are derived by using the heat kernel technique. As an application, we investigate nonlinear fractional heat equations of the form

with non‐negative initial values on a metric‐measure space F , and show the non‐existence of non‐negative global solution if 1 < p ≤ 1 + $ { {\sigma \beta} \over {\alpha} } $ , where α is the Hausdorff dimension of F whilst β is the walk dimension of F . (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Weighted shift operators on Köthe spaces
Authors: Maldonado M. , Prada J. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractIn the context of Köthe spaces we consider a weighted shift operator, the so‐called generalized integration operatorJλand the linear continuous operatorsTthat commute with it (shift‐invariant operators); under certain conditions the shift‐invariant isomorphisms are characterized, extending known results for spaces of analytic functions. Besides a sufficient condition for an operatorP, commuting with a shift‐invariant operatorT, to commute withJλis given. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
On the Hodge conjecture and the Tate conjecture for the Hilbert schemes of an abelian surface
Authors: Sugiyama Ken‐ichi 
Published: December 2005

AbstractWe will show the Hodge conjecture and the Tate conjecture are true for the Hilbert schemes of points on an abelian surface or on a Kummer surface. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Geometric rigidity of a class of fractal sets
Authors: Käenmäki Antti 
Published: December 2005

AbstractWe study geometric rigidity of a class of fractals, which is slightly larger than the collection of self‐conformal sets. Namely, using a new method, we shall prove that a set of this class is contained in a smooth submanifold or is totally spread out. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
BOLD and CBV‐weighted functional magnetic resonance imaging of the rat somatosensory system
Authors: Keilholz Shella D. , Silva Afonso C. , Raman Mira , Merkle Hellmut , Koretsky Alan P. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractA multislice spin echo EPI sequence was used to obtain functional MR images of the entire rat brain with blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) and cerebral blood volume (CBV) contrast at 11.7 T. Maps of activation incidence were created by warping each image to the Paxinos rat brain atlas and marking the extent of the activated area. Incidence maps for BOLD and CBV were similar, but activation in draining veins was more prominent in the BOLD images than in the CBV images. Cerebellar activation was observed along the surface in BOLD images, but in deeper regions in the CBV images. Both effects may be explained by increased signal dropout and distortion in the EPI images after administration of the ferumoxtran‐10 contrast agent for CBV fMRI. CBV‐weighted incidence maps were also created for 10, 20, and 30 mg Fe/kg doses of ferumoxtran‐10. The magnitude of the average percentage change during stimulation increased from 4.9% with the 10 mg Fe/kg dose to 8.7% with the 30‐mg Fe/kg dose. Incidence of activation followed a similar trend. Magn Reson Med, 2006. Published 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sensitivity‐enhanced 13C MR spectroscopy of the human brain at 3 Tesla
Authors: Klomp D.W.J. , Renema W.K.J. , van der Graaf M. , de Galan B.E. , Kentgens A.P.M. , Heerschap A. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractA new coil design for sensitivity‐enhanced 13C MR spectroscopy (MRS) of the human brain is presented. The design includes a quadrature transmit/receive head coil optimized for 13C MR sensitivity. Loss‐less blocking circuits inside the coil conductors allow this coil to be used inside a homogeneous circularly polarized 1H B1 field for 1H decoupled 13C MRS. A quadrature 1H birdcage coil optimized for minimal local RF heating makes broadband 1H decoupling in the entire human brain possible at 3 Tesla while remaining well within international safety guidelines for RF absorption. Apart from a substantial increase in sensitivity compared to conventional small linear coils, the quadrature 13C coil combined with the quadrature 1H birdcage coil allows efficient cross polarization (CP) in the brain, resulting in an additional 3.5‐fold sensitivity improvement compared to direct 13C measurements without nuclear Overhauser enhancement (NOE) or polarization transfer. Combined with the gain in power efficiency, this setup allows broadband 1H to 13C CP over large areas of the brain. Clear 13C resonances from glutamate (Glu), glutamine (Gln), aspartate (Asp), lactate (Lac), and γ‐aminobutyrate (GABA) carbon spins in the human brain demonstrate the quality of 13C MR spectra obtained in vivo with this coil setup. Magn Reson Med, 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Single acquisition water‐fat separation: Feasibility study for dynamic imaging
Authors: Yu Huanzhou , Reeder Scott B. , McKenzie Charles A. , Brau Anja C. S. , Shimakawa Ann , Brittain Jean H. , Pelc Norbert J. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractWater‐fat separation can be challenging in the presence of field inhomogeneities. Three‐point (3‐pt) water‐fat separation methods achieve robust performance by measuring and compensating for field inhomogeneities; however, they triple the scan time. The “1+‐pt” water‐fat separation method proposed in this article for dynamic or repetitive imaging situations combines 3‐pt methods' ability to correct for field inhomogeneities with the scan efficiency of a single acquisition method to achieve high temporal and spatial resolutions and robust water‐fat separation. Single‐echo data are collected with water and fat at a relative phase shift of an odd multiple of π/2. To correct for undesired phase modulation, phase maps are estimated from a 3‐pt calibration scan acquired prior to dynamic imaging. The phase maps are assumed to be slowly varying in time, so they may be used for correcting the phase of the subsequent single‐echo signals at the same imaging location. Noise performance was investigated and shown to be equivalent to a single excitation acquisition. The 1+‐pt method can also be used in conjunction with parallel imaging. In this situation, the calibration scans required by both methods can be integrated into a shared calibration scan. Promising results were obtained in breast, abdominal, and cardiac imaging applications. Magn Reson Med, 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mass‐dependent decline of skeletal muscle function in cancer cachexia
Authors: Gorselink Marchel , Vaessen Stefan F.C. , van der Flier Laurens G. , Leenders Inge , Kegler Diane , Caldenhoven Eric , van der Beek Eline , van Helvoort Ardy 
Published: December 2005

AbstractCD2F1 mice were inoculated with C26 adenocarcinoma cells, followed by assessment of ex vivo muscular function. Muscles from tumor‐bearing mice had a significantly lower force output during a single maximal contraction and during repeated contractions than control muscles. The relative force output, however, did not differ when corrected for muscle mass. Thus, cachexia significantly reduces absolute skeletal muscle function, but muscle “quality” appears unaltered. Muscle Nerve, 2006
Novel Lamp‐2 gene mutation and successful treatment with heart transplantation in a large family with Danon disease
Authors: Echaniz‐Laguna Andoni , Mohr Michel , Epailly Eric , Nishino Ichizo , Charron Philippe , Richard Pascale , Guiraud‐Chaumeil Christophe , Tranchant Christine 
Published: December 2005

AbstractLysosome‐associated membrane protein‐2 deficiency (LAMP‐2 deficiency), or Danon disease, is a rare X‐linked lysosomal disease characterized by cardiomyopathy, vacuolar myopathy, and mental retardation. Less than 20 families with mutations of the Lamp‐2 gene have been reported. We describe a family from Sardinia with eight affected patients (4 females and 4 males) and a novel mutation in exon 2 of the Lamp‐2 gene (c.102_103delAG). Females developed isolated cardiomyopathy in adulthood, whereas males presented with cardiomyopathy, myopathy, and mental retardation before the age of 20 years. Cardiomyopathy was lethal in three females in their 40s and in three males before the age 20 years. One patient was successfully treated by heart transplantation with more than 5‐year follow‐up. This study demonstrates that Danon disease is a frequently fatal condition that is potentially treatable with heart transplantation. Muscle Nerve, 2006
Effects of temperature on vibration‐induced damage in nerves and arteries
Authors: Govindaraju Sandya R. , Curry Brian D. , Bain James L. W. , Riley Danny A. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractVasospastic episodes in hand–arm vibration syndrome are more prevalent among power‐tool workers in cold climates. To test whether cold enhances vibration‐induced damage in arteries and nerves, tails of Sprague‐Dawley rats were vibrated at room temperature (RT) or with tail cooling (<15°C). Cold vibration resulted in a colder tail than either treatment alone. Vibration at both temperatures reduced arterial lumen size. RT vibration generated more vacuoles in arteries than cold vibration. Vibration and cold induced nitration of tyrosine residues in arteries, suggesting free‐radical production. Vibration and cold generated similar percentages of myelinated axons with disrupted myelin. Cold with and without vibration caused intraneural edema and dilation of arterioles and venules with blood stasis, whereas vibration alone did not. The similarities, differences, and interactive effects of cold and vibration on nerve and artery damage indicate that temperature is involved mechanistically in the pathophysiology of hand–arm vibration syndrome. Muscle Nerve, 2006
Analysis of histopathologic and molecular pathologic findings in Czech LGMD2A patients
Authors: Hermanová Markéta , Zapletalová Eva , Sedláčková Jana , Chrobáková Táňa , Letocha Ondřej , Kroupová Iva , Zámečník Josef , Vondráček Petr , Mazanec Radim , Maříková Taťána , Voháňka Stanislav , Fajkusová Lenka 
Published: December 2005

AbstractLimb‐girdle muscular dystrophy type 2A (LGMD2A) is an autosomal‐recessive disorder characterized by selective atrophy and progressive weakness of proximal girdle muscles. LGMD2A, the most prevalent form of LGMD, is caused by mutations in the CAPN3 gene that encodes the skeletal muscle–specific member of the calpain family, calpain‐3 (p94). We examined the histopathologic and molecular pathologic findings in 14 Czech LGMD2A patients. Analysis of the CAPN3 gene was performed at the mRNA level, using reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) and sequencing, and/or DNA level, using PCR and denaturing high‐performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC). Our results confirm that mutation 550delA is the most frequent CAPN3 defect in Czech LGMD2A patients (9 alleles of 28). Furthermore, we established that, in a patient with the 550delA/R490W genotype, mRNA carrying frameshift mutation 550delA was not detected, probably due to its degradation by nonsense‐mediated mRNA decay. In muscle biopsies of two LGMD2A patients, a neurogenic pattern simulating a neurogenic lesion was observed. Immunoblot analysis revealed the deficiency of p94 in all genetically confirmed cases of LGMD2A, and secondary dysferlin deficiency was demonstrated on muscle membranes in 6 patients using immunofluorescence. Thus, we find a combination of DNA and mRNA mutational analysis to be useful in the diagnosis of LGMD2A. Moreover, our study expands the spectrum of calpainopathies to cases that simulate a neurogenic lesion in muscle biopsies, and the knowledge of possible secondary deficiencies of muscular proteins also contributes to a diagnosis of LGMD2A. Muscle Nerve, 2006
Aerobic exercise and muscle metabolism in patients with mitochondrial myopathy
Authors: Trenell Michael I. , Sue Carolyn M. , Kemp Graham J. , Sachinwalla Toos , Thompson Campbell H. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractExercise therapy improves mitochondrial function in patients with mitochondrial myopathy (MM). We undertook this study to determine the metabolic abnormalities that are improved by exercise therapy. This study identified metabolic pathology using 31P‐magnetic resonance spectroscopy and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in a group of patients with MM compared to a control group matched for age, gender, and physical activity. We also observed the effect of exercise therapy for 12 weeks on muscle metabolism and physical function in the MM group. During muscle activity, there was impaired responsiveness of the mitochondria to changes in cytosolic adenosine diphosphate concentration, increased dependence on anaerobic energy pathways, and an adaptive increase in proton efflux in patients with MM. Following exercise therapy, mitochondrial function and muscle mass improved without any change in proton efflux rate. These metabolic findings were accompanied by improvements in functional ability. We conclude that there are significant metabolic differences between patients with MM and a control population, independent of age, gender, and physical activity. Exercise therapy can assist in improving mitochondrial function in MM patients. Muscle Nerve, 2005
Acute hypoxia limits endurance but does not affect muscle contractile properties
Authors: Degens Hans , Horneros J. Manuel Sanchez , Hopman Maria T. E. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractAcute hypoxia causes skeletal muscle dysfunction in vitro, but little is known about its effect on muscle function in vivo. In 10 healthy male subjects, isometric contractile properties and fatigue resistance of the quadriceps muscle were determined during normoxia and hypoxia using electrically evoked and voluntary contractions. The oxygen saturation (SaO2; 96.9 ± 0.7 vs. 79.9 ± 3.0%; P < 0.001) was reduced during hypoxia. The maximal voluntary contraction (MVC), force–frequency relation, and contraction and relaxation times were unaffected by hypoxia. The endurance time of a sustained 30% MVC was reduced in hypoxia (248 ± 104 vs. 217 ± 76 s; P < 0.05), but not that of a sustained 70% MVC. Fatigue induced by electrically evoked intermittent contractions was unaltered. Thus, acute hypoxia has no significant impact on contractile properties of skeletal muscle in vivo but causes reduced endurance during low‐level sustained voluntary contractions. This indicates that skeletal muscle dysfunction during conditions associated with prolonged hypoxemia, except for limited endurance, is not due to acute effects of hypoxemia. Muscle Nerve, 2005
Strength training in old age: Adaptation of antagonist muscles at the ankle joint
Authors: Simoneau Emilie , Martin Alain , Porter Michelle M. , Van Hoecke Jacques 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to determine whether strength training could reduce the deficit in plantarflexion (PF) maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) torque observed in previous studies in older subjects relative to young adults. Accordingly, the effects of a 6‐month strength training program on the muscle and neural properties of the major muscle groups around the ankle were examined. PF and dorsiflexion (DF) isometric MVC torques were measured and surface electromyographic activity of the triceps surae and tibialis anterior muscles was recorded. The strength training program was very effective in improving strength in PF (+24.5%), and it thus reduced the DF‐to‐PF MVC torque ratio; in addition, it also induced gains in DF (+7.6%). Thus, there must be an improvement in ankle joint stability. In PF, gains were due particularly to a modification of the agonist neural drive; in DF, the gains appeared to be the consequence of a reduction in antagonist coactivation. Our findings indicate that the investigation of one muscle group should always be accompanied by examination of its antagonist muscle group. Muscle Nerve, 2005
Does the cystometric filling rate affect the afferent bladder response pattern? A study on single fibre pelvic nerve afferents in the rat urinary bladder
Authors: De Wachter Stefan , De Laet Kevin , Wyndaele Jean‐Jacques 
Published: December 2005

AbstractAimsTo study the effect of physiological and supraphysiological filling rates on the response pattern of single fibre pelvic nerve afferents of the rat urinary bladder.Materials and MethodsA total of 37 single afferent bladder units were identified electrophysiologically and their mechanosensitive properties studied. Afferent activity of 13 units was studied at filling rates of 40 and 200 µl/min. Afferent activity of the other units was studied at 200 and 400 µl/min.ResultsAt the physiological filling rate of 40 µl/min two clearly different types of response pattern were noted. However, at higher supraphysiological filling rates, all units exhibited nearly the same pattern. The difference in mechanosensitive properties of the units that showed a change in response pattern at the supraphysiological filling rate, was characterized by a decrease in pressure at which afferent firing rate peaked. For all units it was found that an increase in filling rate induced an increase in the activation pressure threshold for afferent units, whereas the afferent firing rate at all pressures decreased.ConclusionsIn rats supraphysiological filling rates delay afferent activation, lower afferent firing activity and even change the characteristics of some afferents completely. These data may elucidate some of the differences between ambulatory and conventional urodynamics observed in man. Neurourol Urodynam. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
All (k;g)‐cages are edge‐superconnected
Authors: Lin Yuqing , Miller Mirka , Balbuena C. , Marcote X. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractA (k;g)‐cage is a k‐regular graph with girth g and with the least possible number of vertices. In this article we prove that (k;g)‐cages are edge‐superconnected if g is even. Earlier, Marcote and Balbuena proved that (k;g)‐cages are edge‐superconnected if g is odd [Networks 43 (2004), 54–59]. Combining our results, we conclude that all (k;g)‐cages are edge‐superconnected. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. NETWORKS, Vol. 47(2), 102–110 2006
Effect of NaOH and Si69 treatments on the properties of fly ash/natural rubber composites*
Authors: Thongsang S. , Sombatsompop N. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractNatural silica in fly ash (FA) particles of 30 and 60 phr were incorporated as reinforcing filler in natural rubber (NR) compounds. Improvements of cure characteristics and mechanical properties of the FA/NR composites were expected by surface treatment of the FA particles, this being carried out using various contents of bis‐(3‐triethoxysilylpropyl) tetrasulfane (Si69), as a chemical silane coupling agent, and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution. The results suggested that the Si69 coupling agent was a satisfactory property promoter in the FA/NR composites through CS bonding with rubber molecules and siloxane linkages with FA particles. Using NaOH solution did not improve the mechanical properties of the composites. The mechanical properties of the FA/NR composites appeared to increase at low Si69 concentrations of 2.0–4.0 wt%, but decreased at high Si69 loadings of 6.0–8.0 wt%. The decrease in mechanical properties resulted from a reduction of crosslink density and a formation of flexible polysiloxane from the self‐condensation reaction of the Si69. The presence of Si69 was observed to interfere with the sulphur crosslink formation. No synergetic effect on the properties of the rubber composites was observed when using a mixture of NaOH and Si69. This article recommends concentrations of 2.0–4.0 wt% Si69 to be introduced into the FA/NR composites to achieve the optimum properties. POLYM. COMPOS., 27:30–40, 2006. © 2005 Society of Plastics Engineers