bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RCAS1 Decidual Immunoreactivity in Severe Pre‐Eclampsia: Immune Cell Presence and Activity
Authors: Wicherek Lukasz , Basta Pawel , Sikora Jerzy , Galazka Krystyna , Rytlewski Krzysztof , Grabiec Marek , Lazar Agata , Kalinka Jaroslaw 
Published: September 2007

ProblemPre‐eclampsia seems to be related to the disturbance of immune tolerance regulation during pregnancy. Receptor‐binding cancer antigen expressed on SiSo cells (RCAS1) decidual level alterations were concomitant with changes in immune cell number and activity in decidua. As decidual immunomodulating activity participates in the development of immune tolerance during pregnancy, we aimed to evaluate the immunoreactivity level of decidual RCAS1 with respect to the presence and activity of immune cells.Method of studyRCAS1, CD3, CD56, CD69, and CD25 immunoreactivity was assessed by immunohistochemistry in 30 decidual samples derived from patients with severe pre‐eclampsia (sPE) and from a healthy control group.ResultsRCAS1 immunoreactivity was statistically significantly higher in decidual tissue samples derived from patients with sPE tissue than in those derived from healthy patients in whom elective cesarean section at term was performed. A statistically significantly lower number of CD56+ and CD3+ cells and lower immunoreactivity level of CD69 were found in patients with sPE compared with those from the control group.ConclusionThe limited immune cells infiltration in decidua during sPE is associated with increase in RCAS1 decidual level.
Patterns of oral manifestation of HIV/AIDS among 225 Nigerian patients
Authors: Adedigba MA , Ogunbodede EO , Jeboda SO , Naidoo S 
Published: September 2007

Objective:  The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of the oral manifestations of HIV/AIDS and to correlate the prevalence of these lesions with the stages of the disease in the Ife‐Ijesa zone, Nigeria. No comprehensive data were available for correlating it with the staging of HIV/AIDS in this region.Subjects:  The pattern of oral HIV lesions as classified by the EC‐Clearinghouse was studied in 225 confirmed consecutive HIV‐infected patients in this zone.Methods:  Clinical dental examinations were conducted under natural daylight on all consenting HIV patients, sitting in an upright chair, using dental mirrors and probes.Results:  The prevalence of oral HIV lesions was 84.0%, with lesions ranging in number from one to six. The commonest HIV lesion was pseudo‐membranous candidiasis (43.1%) followed by erythematous candidiasis (28.9%), angular cheilitis (28.9%), linear gingival erythema (24.0%) and ulcerations (8.9%). Lesions less commonly found were oral hairy leukoplakia (1.3%) and salivary gland swellings (1.3%). Heterosexual intercourse was the most common mode of transmission (94.7%) and HIV‐1 (96.9%) the most prevalent pathogen among the study population. The majority of the patients were in the WHO clinical stage III (59.1%) and presented late.Conclusions:  The prevalence of oral HIV lesions in the present study was high.
Two newly identified, relatively old star clusters in the Small Magellanic Cloud
Authors: Piatti Andrés E. , Sarajedini Ata , Geisler Doug , Gallart Carme , Wischnjewsky Marina 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
We present the results on the age and metallicity estimates of the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) clusters L110, L112 and L113 obtained from CCD Washington CT1 photometry. We confirm L113 as a relatively old and metal-poor cluster, and report for the first time that L110 and 112 are also relatively old clusters (t∼ 6.5 Gyr). Their derived ages and metallicities reinforce previous suggestions that the farther a cluster is from the centre of the galaxy, the older and more metal-poor it is, with some dispersion. In addition, the bursting star formation model still appears to be the most probable paradigm to describe the SMC's star formation history. We call attention to a second possible burst at ∼6–7 Gyr, besides the known burst at ∼3 Gyr.
Non‐invasive measurement of the mean alveolar O2 tension from the oxygen uptake versus tidal volume curve
Authors: Jordanoglou J. , Latsi P. , Chroneou A. , Koulouris N. G. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractAims:  The classical equations for measuring the mean and the ideal alveolar O2 tension are based on assumptions, which are shown to be invalid. So we thought to develop a new, non‐invasive method for measuring the mean alveolar P,O2 within the volume domain (PA,O2(Bohr)). This method is based on the oxygen uptake vs. tidal volume curve (VO2 vs. VT) obtained during tidal breathing of room air and/or air enriched with oxygen.Methods:  PA,O2(Bohr) and the ideal alveolar PO2 (PA,O2(ideal)) were simultaneously measured in 10 healthy subjects and 34 patients suffering from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) breathing tidally room air at rest. Additionally, 10 subjects (three healthy subjects and seven COPD patients) were studied while breathing initially room air and subsequently air enriched with oxygen.Results:  According to the results, PA,O2(Bohr) considerably differed from PA,O2(ideal) (P = 0.004). The cause of the difference, at the individual's R, is: (1) the difference between the arterial and Bohr's alveolar CO2 tension, mainly in COPD patients, and (2) the inequality between Bohr's alveolar part of the tidal volume for CO2 and O2. Furthermore, end‐tidal gas tension (PET,CO2 and PET,O2) differed from Pa,CO2 and PA,O2(Bohr) respectively.Conclusion:  The deviation of PA,O2(Bohr) from PA,O2(ideal) has a definite impact on Bohr's dead space ratio for O2 and CO2, and on the alveolar–arterial O2 difference. The difference (PA,O2(Bohr) − PA,O2(ideal)) is not related to the pathology of the disease. So, gas exchange within the lungs should be assessed at the subject's R from PA,O2(Bohr) and PA,CO2(Bohr) but not from PA,O2(ideal) nor Pa,CO2.
Lupus syndrome with neutropenia following minocycline therapy – a case report
Authors: AHMED F. , KELSEY P. R. , SHARIFF N. 
Published: September 2007

SummaryAn 18‐year‐old patient is described who presented with febrile neutropenia and hepatitis caused by minocycline therapy. This rare complication of minocycline‐induced lupus syndrome is discussed here.
Automatic Emotion Regulation
Authors: Mauss Iris B. , Bunge Silvia A. , Gross James J. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractHow do people effectively regulate their emotional reactions? Why are some people better at this than others? Most prior research has addressed these questions by focusing ondeliberateforms of emotion regulation. We argue that this focus has left out an important aspect of emotion regulation, namely,automaticemotion regulation (AER). Our review of the behavioral literature suggests that AER is pervasive in everyday life, and has far‐reaching consequences for individuals’ emotions. However, the behavioral literature has yet to address the mechanisms underlying the observed effects. Because it is difficult to directly measure the processes involved in AER, evidence from neuroscientific studies is particularly helpful in addressing these questions. Our review of the neuroscientific literature suggests distinct neural bases for different types of AER, which provides important clues about the cognitive and behavioral processes that might be involved in AER.
Toward More Creative and Innovative Group Idea Generation: A Cognitive‐Social‐Motivational Perspective of Brainstorming
Authors: Paulus Paul B. , Brown Vincent R. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractIn many meetings and work sessions, group members exchange ideas in order to come up with novel, creative solutions for problems and to generate ideas for future innovations. This type of group idea generation or brainstorming process has been studied in detail, and we have discovered much about the cognitive and social processes that underlie group idea generation. It appears that the brainstorming performance of groups is often hindered by various social and cognitive influences, but under the appropriate conditions, group idea exchange can be quite effective. In this article, we summarize the present state of knowledge, point out some significant gaps in our knowledge, and suggest a cognitive‐social‐motivational perspective to integrate the major findings and to guide future research in the area of group creativity and group idea generation.
Low awareness of COPD among physicians
Authors: Sundblad Britt‐Marie , Larsson Kjell , Nathell Lennart 
Published: September 2007

AbstractIntroduction:  Early identification of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in the health care system followed by successful smoking cessation may prevent rapid lung function deterioration, development of severe COPD and respiratory failure.Objectives:  The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of under‐diagnosed chronic obstructive lung diseases among current smokers.Materials and methods:  The under‐diagnosis of COPD among smokers was determined in subjects who participated in a screening procedure aimed at recruiting COPD patients for a smoking cessation programme. In order to identify current smokers, a questionnaire was sent out to persons who had been on sick leave for various reasons certified by a physician for more than 2 weeks. Subjects who stated that they currently smoked more than eight cigarettes per day were invited to perform a lung function test.Results:  A total of 3887 subjects performed spirometry, i.e. forced expiratory volume in 1 s and forced expirations, and among these, 674 (17.3%) had COPD according to the European Respiratory Society (ERS) consensus guidelines. Of those, 103 (17.3%) had physician‐diagnosed COPD. Productive cough was reported by 16.6% of the COPD subjects.Despite the fact that smokers were on sick leave certified by a physician, more than 80% of those with COPD had no previous diagnosis. As the COPD diagnosis cannot be based on reported symptoms, a spirometry on persons at risk must be performed.Conclusion:  The awareness of COPD among primary care physicians has to increase and smokers above the age of 40, with and without respiratory symptoms, have to undergo spirometry if it is regarded important to establish the COPD diagnosis at an early stage.Please cite this paper as: Sundblad B‐M, Larsson K and Nathell L. Low awareness of COPD among physicians. The Clinical Respiratory Journal 2008; 2: 11–16.
Retrospective Characterization of a Vaccine-Derived Poliovirus Type 1 Isolate from Sewage in Greece
Authors: Dedepsidis Evaggelos , Kyriakopoulou Zaharoula , Pliaka Vaia , Kottaridi Christine , Bolanaki Eugenia , Levidiotou-Stefanou Stamatina , Komiotis Dimitri , Markoulatos Panayotis 
Published: September 2007

ABSTRACT

Retrospective molecular and phenotypic characterization of a vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV) type 1 isolate (7/b/97) isolated from sewage in Athens, Greece, in 1997 is reported. VP1 sequencing of this isolate revealed 1.87% divergence from the VP1 region of reference strain Sabin 1, while further genomic characterization of isolate 7/b/97 revealed a recombination event in the nonstructural part of the genome between a vaccine strain and a nonvaccine strain probably belonging to
Enterovirus
species C. Amino acid substitutions commonly found in previous studies were identified in the capsid coding region of the isolate, while most of the attenuation and temperature sensitivity determinants were reverted. The ultimate source of isolate 7/b/97 is unknown. The recovery of such a highly divergent derivative of a vaccine strain emphasizes the need for urgent implementation of environmental surveillance as a supportive procedure in the polio surveillance system even in countries with high rates of OPV coverage in order to prevent cases or even outbreaks of poliomyelitis that otherwise would be inevitable.
DegU and YczE Positively Regulate the Synthesis of Bacillomycin D byBacillus amyloliquefaciensStrain FZB42
Authors: Koumoutsi Alexandra , Chen Xiao-Hua , Vater Joachim , Borriss Rainer 
Published: September 2007

ABSTRACTEnvironmental strainBacillus amyloliquefaciensFZB42 differs from the domesticated model organism of the same genus,Bacillus subtilis168, in its ability to promote plant growth and suppress plant-pathogenic organisms present in the rhizosphere. This behavior is exerted mainly through the production of several nonribosomal cyclic lipopeptides and polyketides, which exhibit a broad range of action against phytopathogenic bacteria, fungi, and nematodes. Here, we provide evidence that the synthesis of the main antifungal agent ofB. amyloliquefaciensFZB42, bacillomycin D, is regulated in multiple layers. Expression of the bacillomycin D operon (bmy) is dependent on a single σA-dependent promoter, Pbmyand is favored in its natural host by the small regulatory protein DegQ. The global regulators DegU and ComA are required for the full transcriptional activation ofbmy. DegU retains a key role since it binds directly to two sites located upstream of the bacillomycin D promoter. Moreover, both DegU and a transmembrane protein of unknown function, YczE, act on a later level of gene expression, exerting their posttranscriptional effects in a hitherto-unknown manner.
Impact of Substrate Glycoside Linkage and Elemental Sulfur on Bioenergetics of and Hydrogen Production by the Hyperthermophilic Archaeon
Pyrococcus furiosus
Authors: Chou Chung-Jung , Shockley Keith R. , Conners Shannon B. , Lewis Derrick L. , Comfort Donald A. , Adams Michael W. W. , Kelly Robert M. 
Published: September 2007

ABSTRACT

Glycoside linkage (cellobiose versus maltose) dramatically influenced bioenergetics to different extents and by different mechanisms in the hyperthermophilic archaeon
Pyrococcus furiosus
when it was grown in continuous culture at a dilution rate of 0.45 h
−1
at 90°C. In the absence of S
0
, cellobiose-grown cells generated twice as much protein and had 50%-higher specific H
2
generation rates than maltose-grown cultures. Addition of S
0
to maltose-grown cultures boosted cell protein production fourfold and shifted gas production completely from H
2
to H
2
S. In contrast, the presence of S
0
in cellobiose-grown cells caused only a 1.3-fold increase in protein production and an incomplete shift from H
2
to H
2
S production, with 2.5 times more H
2
than H
2
S formed. Transcriptional response analysis revealed that many genes and operons known to be involved in α- or β-glucan uptake and processing were up-regulated in an S
0
-independent manner. Most differentially transcribed open reading frames (ORFs) responding to S
0
in cellobiose-grown cells also responded to S
0
in maltose-grown cells; these ORFs included ORFs encoding a membrane-bound oxidoreductase complex (MBX) and two hypothetical proteins (PF2025 and PF2026). However, additional genes (242 genes; 108 genes were up-regulated and 134 genes were down-regulated) were differentially transcribed when S
0
was present in the medium of maltose-grown cells, indicating that there were different cellular responses to the two sugars. These results indicate that carbohydrate characteristics (e.g., glycoside linkage) have a major impact on S
0
metabolism and hydrogen production in
P. furiosus
. Furthermore, such issues need to be considered in designing and implementing metabolic strategies for production of biofuel by fermentative anaerobes.
Quantification of Cell Proliferation and Alpha-Toxin Gene Expression ofClostridium perfringensin the Development of Necrotic Enteritis in Broiler Chickens
Authors: Si Weiduo , Gong Joshua , Han Yanming , Yu Hai , Brennan John , Zhou Huaijun , Chen Shu 
Published: September 2007

ABSTRACTCell proliferation and alpha-toxin gene expression ofClostridium perfringensin relation to the development of necrotic enteritis (NE) were investigated. Unlike bacitracin-treated chickens, non-bacitracin-treated birds exhibited typical NE symptoms and reduced growth performance. They also demonstrated increasedC. perfringensproliferation and alpha-toxin gene expression that were positively correlated and progressed according to the regression modely=b0+b1X−b2X2. The averageC. perfringenscount of 5 log10CFU/g in the ileal digesta appears to be a threshold for developing NE with a lesion score of 2.
Coupling Immunomagnetic Separation on Magnetic Beads with Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry for Detection of Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B
Authors: Schlosser Gitta , Kačer Petr , Kuzma Marek , Szilágyi Zoltán , Sorrentino Alida , Manzo Carla , Pizzano Rosa , Malorni Livia , Pocsfalvi Gabriella 
Published: September 2007

ABSTRACT

The growing importance of mass spectrometry for the identification and characterization of bacterial protein toxins is a consequence of the improved sensitivity and specificity of mass spectrometry-based techniques, especially when these techniques are combined with affinity methods. Here we describe a novel method based on the use of immunoaffinity capture and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry for selective purification and detection of staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB). SEB is a potent bacterial protein toxin responsible for food poisoning, as well as a potential biological warfare agent. Unambiguous detection of SEB at low-nanogram levels in complex matrices is thus an important objective. In this work, an affinity molecular probe was prepared by immobilizing anti-SEB antibody on the surface of
para
-toluene-sulfonyl-functionalized monodisperse magnetic particles and used to selectively isolate SEB. Immobilization and affinity capture procedures were optimized to maximize the density of anti-SEB immunoglobulin G and the amount of captured SEB, respectively, on the surface of magnetic beads. SEB could be detected directly “on beads” by placing the molecular probe on the matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization target plate or, alternatively, “off beads” after its acidic elution. Application of this method to complex biological matrices was demonstrated by selective detection of SEB present in different matrices, such as cultivation media of S
taphylococcus aureus
strains and raw milk samples.
Structural and Mutational Analysis of tRNA Intron-Splicing Endonuclease fromThermoplasma acidophilumDSM 1728: Catalytic Mechanism of tRNA Intron-Splicing Endonucleases
Authors: Kim Young Kwan , Mizutani Kenji , Rhee Kyung-Hee , Nam Ki-Hyun , Lee Won Ho , Lee Eun Hye , Kim Eunice Eunkyeong , Park Sam-Yong , Hwang Kwang Yeon 
Published: September 2007

ABSTRACTIn archaea, RNA endonucleases that act specifically on RNA with bulge-helix-bulge motifs play the main role in the recognition and excision of introns, while the eukaryal enzymes use a measuring mechanism to determine the positions of the universally positioned splice sites relative to the conserved domain of pre-tRNA. Two crystallographic structures of tRNA intron-splicing endonuclease fromThermoplasma acidophilumDSM 1728 (EndATa) have been solved to 2.5-Å and 2.7-Å resolution by molecular replacement, using the 2.7-Å resolution data as the initial model and the single-wavelength anomalous-dispersion phasing method using selenomethionine as anomalous signals, respectively. The models show that EndATais a homodimer and that it has overall folding similar to that of other archaeal tRNA endonucleases. From structural and mutational analyses of H236A, Y229F, and K265I in vitro, we have demonstrated that they play critical roles in recognizing the splice site and in cleaving the pre-tRNA substrate.
Requirement of the Zinc-Binding Domain of ClpX for Spx Proteolysis inBacillus subtilisand Effects of Disulfide Stress on ClpXP Activity
Authors: Zhang Ying , Zuber Peter 
Published: September 2007

ABSTRACTSpx, a transcriptional regulator of the disulfide stress response inBacillus subtilis, is under the proteolytic control of the ATP-dependent protease ClpXP. Previous studies suggested that ClpXP activity is down-regulated in response to disulfide stress, resulting in elevated concentrations of Spx. The effect of disulfide stress on ClpXP activity was examined using the thiol-specific oxidant diamide. ClpXP-catalyzed degradation of either Spx or a green fluorescent protein derivative bearing an SsrA tag recognized by ClpXP was inhibited by diamide treatment in vitro. Spx is also a substrate for MecA/ClpCP-catalyzed proteolysis in vitro, but diamide used at the concentrations that inhibited ClpXP had little observable effect on MecA/ClpCP activity. ClpX bears a Cys4 Zn-binding domain (ZBD), which in other Zn-binding proteins is vulnerable to thiol-reactive electrophiles. Diamide treatment caused partial release of Zn from ClpX and the formation of high-molecular-weight species, as observed by electrophoresis through nonreducing gels. Reduced Spx proteolysis in vitro and elevated Spx concentration in vivo resulted when two of the Zn-coordinating Cys residues of the ClpX ZBD were changed to Ser. This was reflected in enhanced Spx activity in both transcription activation and repression in cells expressing the Cys-to-Ser mutants. ClpXP activity in vivo is reduced when cells are exposed to diamide, as shown by the enhanced stability of an SsrA-tagged protein after treatment with the oxidant. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that inhibition of ClpXP by disulfide stress is due to structural changes to the N-terminal ZBD of ClpX.
Perturbation of Cell Wall Synthesis Suppresses Autolysis inStaphylococcus aureus: Evidence for Coregulation of Cell Wall Synthetic and Hydrolytic Enzymes
Authors: Antignac Aude , Sieradzki Krzysztof , Tomasz Alexander 
Published: September 2007

ABSTRACTBacterial peptidoglycan hydrolases are considered to have destructive potential, which in the presence of inhibitory concentrations of cell wall synthesis inhibitors is involved in cell lysis. Therefore, the expression and activity of autolytic enzymes must be tightly regulated in growing cells. We describe here a series of experiments undertaken to examine further the coordination between cell wall synthesis and degradation. Cell growth in the presence of subinhibitory concentrations of β-lactam antibiotics was used to determine the effects of the partial inhibition of cell wall synthesis on the status of the autolytic system inStaphylococcus aureus. Our results revealed that, despite increased in vitro hydrolysis of cell walls by autolytic enzymes due to hypo-cross-linked peptidoglycans, cells grown in the presence of β-lactams were dramatically less prone to autolysis as a result of decreased transcription and enzymatic activities of several major autolytic enzymes. Similar repression of autolytic enzymatic activity and transcription was also observed when cell wall synthesis was disturbed by lowering the level of transcription ofpbpB, the gene encoding the major transpeptidase inS. aureus. Our data show that the perturbation of cell wall synthesis in growing cells ofS. aureusinduces strong repression of the autolytic system and provide evidence for transcriptional regulation between cell wall synthetic and hydrolytic enzymes.
Modulation of Glucose Transport Causes Preferential Utilization of Aromatic Compounds in
Pseudomonas putida
CSV86
Authors: Basu Aditya , Shrivastava Rahul , Basu Bhakti , Apte Shree K. , Phale Prashant S. 
Published: September 2007

ABSTRACT

Pseudomonas putida
CSV86 utilizes aromatic compounds in preference to glucose and coutilizes aromatics and organic acids. Protein analysis of cells grown on different carbon sources, either alone or in combination, revealed that a 43-kDa periplasmic-space protein was induced by glucose and repressed by aromatics and succinate. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis identified this protein as closely resembling the sugar ABC transporter of
Pseudomonas putida
KT2440. A partially purified 43-kDa protein showed glucose binding activity and was specific for glucose. The results demonstrate that the aromatic- and organic acid-mediated repression of a periplasmic-space glucose binding protein and consequent inhibition of glucose transport are responsible for this strain's ability to utilize aromatics and organic acids in preference to glucose.