bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Allergic Reaction to Alteplase Dwell in Chronic Automated Red Cell Exchange Patient
Authors: Jacob R. , Tran M. , Sommers T. , Lee T. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTAllergic reactions to intravenous, alteplase have been reported, usually in doses utilized for thrombolysis. Alteplase is also widely used for clearance of occluded catheter lumens, but allergic reactions have not been reported for this route of administration. A 14‐year‐old patient with sickle cell disease presented with an occluded apheresis port. During alteplase dwell for port occlusion, he developed an initial reaction concerning for anaphylaxis prior to automated red cell exchange, resulting in hospitalization. Findings included angioedema to the tongue and lip as well as urticaria on his abdomen and over a previous port scar, which became warm and firm. Of note, the patient also has a history of severe atopy, uncontrolled eczema, asthma, allergic rhinitis, and elevated eosinophils. The patient was referred to allergy and a skin test to alteplase was negative. The patient underwent an alteplase challenge through his catheter where he experienced anaphylaxis. Despite appropriate treatment, he again required inpatient admission. Post reaction serum tryptase level was not elevated. A clear temporal relationship to alteplase exposure and subsequent allergic reaction was documented in this case. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of allergic reaction to intraluminal alteplase used for clearance of an occluded apheresis port. The non‐elevated tryptase level suggests a non‐IgE mediated reaction. Allergic reaction to alteplase dwell for clearance of occluded lumens can occur and is an entity apheresis providers should be aware of. Additionally, traditional skin testing may not be entirely predictive of safety upon rechallenge.
Green synthesis of tert‐butyl hydroperoxide via oxidation of tert‐butanol in various reactors
Authors: Shiue Angus , Jeng Jyh‐Cheng , Chin Kai‐Yen , Chen Jie‐An , Lin Ming‐Hao , Chang Shu‐Mei , Leggett Graham 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn this study, tert‐butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) was prepared by the oxidation of TBA via the catalysis of sulfuric acid by the green and environmentally‐friendly hydrogen peroxide oxidant sustainable method using micro‐channel reactor ‐ Corning Advanced‐Flow Reactors (AFR), AFR connected pipe, tubular reactor, and batch reactor. The effects of process parameters such as temperature, molar ratio of catalyst, molar ratio of oxidant, and residence time to TBHP on the reaction performance were systematically investigated to explore the conversion and the ratio of main and by‐products. The reliability of this method at a certain temperature was verified with a kinetic study.RESULTSThe reaction temperature was 70 °C, the optimum molar ratio of TBA to H2SO4 was determined to be 1:1, and the optimum molar ratio of H2O2 to TBA was determined to be 0.8. AFR and AFR connected pipe process significantly improved the efficiency and safety of the reaction and greatly increased TBA conversion and TBHP yield compared with the tubular and batch reactor. In the range of 60 to 70 °C, a second order kinetic expression characterizes the tert‐butyl alcohol conversion well (R2 = 0.9499).CONCLUSIONSOur findings revealed that the observed correlation is a practical tool to figure the TBA conversion and TBHP and di‐tert‐butyl peroxide (DTBP) production. The activation energies of the corresponding reactions AFR and AFR external pipeline were 45.26 and 86.98 kJ mol−1, respectively. The overall heat transfer coefficient achieved in the Corning AFR was validated as scalable. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Dissolved Organic Matter Within Soil Aggregates in Forest Restoration: Insights From Optical Properties
Authors: Zhang Gui‐bang , Zhang Qing‐wei , Kuan Wen‐xuan , Wang Jian , Liu Jun'e , Wang Hao , Li Ming 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTForest restoration with Robinia pseudoacacia L. has many benefits, and dynamics of dissolved organic matter (DOM) might provide insight into soil restoration. Nevertheless, studies regarding the changes in the DOM within soil aggregates during artificial forest restoration are relatively limited in semiarid regions. Soil aggregates were collected from the topsoil, middle soil, and subsoil layers (i.e., 0–20, 30–50, and 80–100 cm) at six forests (i.e., R. pseudoacacia L.) lands with various restoration ages in a typical semiarid region. The variations of DOM properties in silt + clay size classes, microaggregates and macroaggregates (i.e., < 0.053 mm, 0.053–0.25 mm, and > 0.25 mm) were explored by UV–visible and three‐dimensional excited emission matrix spectral. Overall, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) content (41.24–119.82 mg kg−1) of soil aggregates generally increased with restoration age. The DOC content in topsoil aggregates was 3.11–7.13 times larger than those from the other two soil layers. The molecular weight, aromaticity degree, and humification degree had the same trends as that of DOC content with soil depth. The DOC content and aromaticity degree of DOM in macroaggregates were 1.26–4.27 times and 1.01–1.18 times higher than those in microaggregates and silt + clay size classes at most soil layers, respectively. These variations in DOM within soil aggregates were primarily attributed to the changes in soil texture and the densities of plant roots and litter during the forest restoration. The study reveals the positive impact of forest restoration on the increase of DOC content, providing scientific evidence for soil management.
“I Really Try to Model Good Practices”: Reflecting on Journal Article Publication From Mid‐Career
Authors: Merga Margaret K. , Mason Shannon , Morris Julia 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTPublishing research in scholarly journals takes up much time and energy for many academics, and the early career phase may be particularly challenging, as researchers navigate the processes and politics of academic publishing for the first time. We previously explored these challenges as early‐career researchers in a collaborative autoethnographic study in 2018. Now, 6 years later, we have once again reflected on our shared and divergent experiences, this time from our positions as mid‐career researchers, socialised into the world of scholarly publishing and with longer histories of success and failure in scholarly publication. Our critical discussions revealed a continued commitment to publishing work in high‐impact journals, but also tensions in engaging with biased systems, and systemic resistance to challenging inequalities in academic publishing. Our motives for publishing are still influenced by institutional expectations, but are increasingly shaped by a desire to extend the impact of our work to individuals and communities as our knowledge mobilisation endeavours come to fruition, and new external partnerships are formed. This article is responsive to our ongoing efforts to support the next generation of novice researchers in their own publishing journeys, while also critically reflecting on tensions and opportunities encountered when expanding our publication mentoring skillset.
Stability and Accuracy of a Meshless Finite Difference Method for the Stokes Equations
Authors: Westermann Alexander , Davydov Oleg , Sokolov Andriy , Turek Stefan 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTWe study the behavior of the meshless finite difference method based on radial basis functions applied to the stationary incompressible Stokes equations in two spatial dimensions, with the velocity and the pressure discretized on their own node sets. We demonstrate that the main condition for the stability of the numerical solution is that the distribution of the pressure nodes has to be coarser than that of the velocity both globally and locally in the domain, and there is no need for any more complex assumptions similar to the Ladyzhenskaya‐Babuška‐Brezzi condition in the finite element method. Optimal stability is achieved when the relative local density of the velocity to pressure nodes is about 4:1. The convergence rates of the method correspond to the convergence rates of numerical differentiation for both low and higher order discretizations. The method works well on both mesh‐based and irregular nodes, such as those generated by random or quasi‐random numbers and on nodes with varying density. There is no need for special staggered arrangements, which suggests that node generation algorithms may produce just one node set and obtain the other by either refinement or coarsening. Numerical results for the benchmark Driven Cavity Problem confirm the robustness and high accuracy of the method, in particular resolving a cascade of multiple Moffatt Eddies at the tip of the wedge by using nodes obtained from the quasi‐random Halton sequence.
The Failure Prediction of Reinforced Composite Quasi‐Brittle Structures by an Improved Version of the Extended Lumped Damage Approach
Authors: Teles Daniel V. C. , Amorim David L. N. F. , Leonel Edson D. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThis study presents an improved version of the Extended Lumped Damage Mechanics (XLDM) formulation within a position‐based approach of the Finite Element Method (FEM). In the XLDM, the strain field has been assessed from the elongations of numerical extensometers, which connect the finite element nodes. In addition, localisation bands positioned along the elements' boundaries depict the mechanical effects of material degradation. The position‐based approach of FEM enables the accurate modelling of geometrically non‐linear effects and its computational implementation is straightforward. In this approach, the equilibrium configuration has been evaluated in relation to the nodal positions instead of its displacements. Thus, one improvement proposed herein involves the coupling of the XLDM failure predictions within an exact geometrically non‐linear framework. Besides, in this study, the XLDM has been further improved by incorporating the damage growth caused by compressive stresses. The non‐linear formulation proposed herein enables the presence of reinforcements, which have been added by an embedded scheme and lead to another improvement in the XLDM context. Three applications demonstrate the accuracy of the proposed non‐linear scheme, in which the numerical responses obtained by the proposed improved formulation have been compared to experimental results available in the literature.
A Numerical Framework for Fast Transient Compressible Flows Using Lattice Boltzmann and Immersed Boundary Methods
Authors: Lerogeron Hippolyte , Boivin Pierre , Faucher Vincent , Favier Julien 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThis article is dedicated to the development of a model to simulate fast transient compressible flows on solid structures using immersed boundary method (IBM) and a lattice Boltzmann solver. Ultimately, the proposed model aims at providing an efficient algorithm to simulate strongly‐coupled fluid‐structure interactions (FSI). Within this goal, it is necessary to propose a precise and robust numerical framework and validate it on stationary solid cases first, which is the scope of the present study. Classical FSI methods, such as body‐fitted approaches, are facing challenges with moving or complex geometries in realistic conditions, requiring computationally expensive re‐meshing operations. IBM offers an alternative by treating the solid structure geometry independently from the fluid mesh. This study focuses on the extension of the IBM to compressible flows, and a particular attention is given to the enforcement of various thermal boundary conditions. A hybrid approach, combining diffuse forcing for Dirichlet‐type boundary conditions and ghost‐nodes forcing for Neumann‐type boundary conditions is introduced. Finally, a simplified model, relying only on diffuse IBM forcing, is investigated to treat specific cases where the fluid solid interface is considered as adiabatic. The accuracy of the method is validated through various test cases of increasing complexity.
Impact of maternal prepregnancy body mass index on neonatal outcomes following extremely preterm birth
Authors: Girard Charlotte , Zeitlin Jennifer , Marlow Neil , Norman Mikael , Serenius Fredrik , Draper Elizabeth S. , Johnson Samantha , Benhammou Valérie , Källén Karin , van Buuren Stef , Ancel Pierre‐Yves , Morgan Andrei S. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractObjectiveExtremes of prepregnancy maternal BMI increase neonatal mortality and morbidity at term. They also increase the risk of extremely preterm (EP, i.e., <27 weeks' gestational age) births. However, the association between maternal BMI and outcomes for EP babies is poorly understood.MethodsWe used a cross‐country design, bringing together the following three population‐based, prospective, national EP birth cohorts: EXPRESS (Sweden, 2004–2007); EPICure 2 (UK, 2006); and EPIPAGE 2 (France, 2011). We included all singleton births at 22 to 26 weeks' gestational age with a live fetus at maternal hospital admission. Our exposure was maternal prepregnancy BMI, i.e., underweight, reference, overweight, or obesity. Odds ratios (OR) for survival without severe neonatal morbidity to hospital discharge according to maternal BMI were calculated using logistic regression.ResultsA total of 1396 babies were born to mothers in the reference group, 140 to those with underweight, 719 to those with overweight, 556 to those with obesity, and 445 to those with missing BMI information. There was no difference in survival without major neonatal morbidity (reference, 22%; underweight, 26%, OR, 1.31, 95% CI: 0.82–2.08; overweight, 23%, OR, 1.00, 95% CI: 0.77–1.29; obesity, 19%, OR, 0.94, 95% CI: 0.70–1.25).ConclusionsNo associations were seen between maternal BMI and outcomes for EP babies.
Recent Advances in Stimuli‐Responsive Materials for Electromagnetic Interference Shielding
Authors: Jafari Aliakbar , Al‐Ostaz Ahmed , Nouranian Sasan 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe increasing proliferation of electronic devices and advanced communication networks has resulted in heightened electromagnetic interference (EMI), posing significant challenges in both technological and environmental contexts. Traditional EMI shielding materials, such as metals and composite coatings, offer limited adaptability and are unable to meet the dynamic demands of modern electronic systems. Recent advancements have introduced smart stimuli‐responsive materials for EMI shielding, which provide real‐time tunability, thereby addressing the limitations of conventional static shielding solutions. These materials leverage various mechanisms—such as compressive and tensile strains, phase transitions, shape memory effects, and responses to chemical agents, humidity, or crossover angle changes—to dynamically adjust their EMI shielding effectiveness (EMI‐SE). This review provides an in‐depth analysis of the recent progress in smart EMI shielding technologies, highlighting their tunable mechanisms, material compositions, and applications. Furthermore, it discusses the existing challenges and potential future research directions required for the advancement of this technology. By enabling dynamic adaptability to electromagnetic environments, smart EMI shielding materials present a promising solution for telecommunications, wearable electronics, aerospace, and defense sectors.
Nanocellulose reinforcement of epoxidized natural rubber: Enhancing strain‐induced crystallization for high‐performance bio‐composites
Authors: Jarnthong Methakarn , Wannalak Aonjira , Masa Abdulhakim , Thongnuanchan Bencha , Saito Hiromu , Soontaranon Siriwat , Sakai Tadamoto , Lopattananon Natinee 
Published: February 2025

AbstractNanocomposites of cellulose nanofiber (CNF) and natural rubber (NR) have been regarded as promising soft biomaterials for industrial products. However, the CNF was unsatisfactory for NR reinforcement because of poor mixing between CNF and NR. In this study, we explored the combined use of silane‐treated CNF and epoxidized natural rubber (ENR20, 20% epoxide content) to enhance the compatibility and reinforcing ability of CNF in NR‐based nanocomposites. The CNF/ENR20 nanocomposites containing 5 phr of CNF were prepared via an eco‐friendly latex mixing method. Structural observation showed all the CNF/ENR20 nanocomposites exhibited nano‐aggregated CNFs consisting of intertwined nanofibers with varying sizes depending on the types of CNFs. The addition of untreated CNFs (U‐CNFs) and silane‐treated CNFs significantly improved the modulus and tensile strength of the ENR20, notably with U‐CNFs. The U‐CNFs led to a remarkable 75% increase in tensile strength due to mutual entanglement between nano‐aggregated U‐CNF and ENR as well as hydrogen bonding despite larger aggregates. Novel model describing the effect of CNF rotation and strong CNF‐ENR adhesion on strain‐induced crystallization was revealed through WAXS/SAXS in ENR20 composites. Based on these findings, the morphological design with key structure of CNF nano‐aggregates enabled the development of high performance CNF‐reinforced rubber nanocomposites.Highlights
CNFs (13 nm) were modified using two types of alkoxy silanes.
5 phr CNFs significantly enhanced the mechanical properties of ENR20.
CNF rotation during stretching promoted molecular orientation.
U‐CNFs reinforced ENR20 due to mutual entanglement and H‐bonding.
A new model was proposed for strain‐induced crystallization process of U‐CNF/ENR.
Detection of 4‐CPA and Its Related Metabolites Based on LC‐QE‐HF‐MS Technology: A Study on the Impact of Doping Test on the Intake Pathways of Chlorphenesin Carbamate and Chlorphenesin
Authors: Xu Wennuo , Cheng Jiahui , Li Zhongquan , Niu Bing , Deng Xiaojun , Liu Bing 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTObjectiveThis study focused on meclofenoxate and its metabolite 4‐CPA in the field of doping control and examined the urinary metabolism of chlorphenesin carbamate and chlorphenesin, two substances that may produce 4‐CPA.MethodsA liquid chromatography‐Q Exactive‐HF‐Orbitrap‐mass spectrometry (LC‐QE‐HF‐MS)–based assay was developed and validated for the accurate detection of the metabolites of 4‐CPA, chlorphenesin carbamate, and chlorphenesin and verified by human subject investigations. Human subjects were studied for three different modes of ingestion (chlorphenesin carbamate administration, sunscreen application containing chlorphenesin, and sunscreen spray application), and urine samples were collected before and after the administration to study the excretion profile of metabolites such as 4‐CPA.ResultsThe developed assay meets the routine testing requirements of the World Anti‐Doping Agency. Following oral administration of chlorphenesin carbamate, 4‐CPA levels in the urine ranged from 390 to 6929 ng·mL−1, reaching their maximum concentrations in 12–24 h, with two volunteers having values over the reporting limit. The highest excretion happened 12–24 h after the treatment and continued until 168–264 h later. The Cmax of 4‐CPA was 1354–2063 and 340 ng·mL−1 after application of sunscreen and spray sunscreen spray, respectively. Maximum excretion of other relevant metabolites was also concentrated at 12–24 h post‐dose.ConclusionThe results suggest that when measuring 4‐CPA, the target analyte of meclofenoxate, in sports drug testing, special consideration needs to be given to whether volunteers have ingested normal therapeutic drugs, such as chlorphenesin carbamate, to avoid misreporting of meclofenoxate results. This finding offers crucial decision support for doping control.
A General Framework to Assess Complex Heterogeneity in the Strength of a Surrogate Marker
Authors: Knowlton Rebecca , Tian Lu , Parast Layla 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTA surrogate marker is a biological measurement in a clinical trial that aims to replace the primary outcome in evaluating the treatment effect, and can be measured earlier, with less cost, or with less patient burden. In theory, once a surrogate is validated, future studies can evaluate treatment efficacy using only the surrogate. While there are many methods to evaluate a surrogate, these methods rarely account for heterogeneity in surrogacy, that is, when a surrogate is valid for only certain people. We propose a general framework for the assessment of complex heterogeneity in the strength of a surrogate marker, as well as corresponding parametric and semiparametric estimation procedures. Our framework defines the proportion of the treatment effect on the primary outcome that is explained by the treatment effect on the surrogate, as a function of multiple baseline covariates, . We additionally propose a formal test of heterogeneity and a method to identify a region of the covariate space where the surrogate is sufficiently strong. We examine the performance of our methods via a simulation study featuring varying levels of heterogeneity and use our methods to examine potential heterogeneity in the strength of a surrogate in an AIDS clinical trial.
High‐Sensitivity and Flexible Motion Sensing Enabled by Robust, Self‐Healing Wood‐Based Anisotropic Hydrogel Composites
Authors: Teng Youchao , Zhang Zhilei , Cui Yunqi , Su Zhe , Godwin Matthew , Chung TzuChun , Zhou Yongzan , Leontowich Adam F. G. , Islam Muhammad Shahidul , Tam Kam C. , Wu Yimin A. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBy integrating polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)‐borate‐tannic acid (TA)‐sodium sulfate into cellulosic wood matrices, a novel wood‐basedPVA‐borate‐TA‐sodium sulfate (WPBTS) hydrogel is successfully synthesized. Through a multicomponent synergistic design combining natural lignocellulose, PVA, borax, TA, and sodium sulfate, multiple dynamic cross‐linking mechanisms—dynamic borate bonding, hydrogen bonding, and metal‐ligand interactions—are established, resulting in WPBTS hydrogels with exceptional mechanical properties and self‐healing capabilities. The mechanical strength of the WPBTS hydrogel reached an impressive 19.8 MPa, a 45‐fold increase compared to PVA‐borax‐tannic acid (PBTS) hydrogels. Furthermore, the assembled WPBTS hydrogel‐based flexible sensor demonstrates a remarkably fast response time of just 20 ms and maintains excellent performance in challenging simulated saline environments. This innovation represents a significant advancement in sensor technology and highlights the potential for transformative applications in complex and demanding scenarios.
In Situ Dynamic Characteristic Test and Seismic Performance Analysis of Hybrid Brick‐Concrete and Timber Structure of Historic and Cultural Architectures
Authors: Wu Chenwei , Xue Jianyang , Bai Fuyu , Song Dejun , Wang Zeyun 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTIn order to study the dynamic characteristics and seismic performance of the hybrid brick‐concrete and timber (HBCT) structure, an in situ dynamic characteristic test was carried out, and peak picking method was used to calculate natural frequencies, damping ratios, and vibration modes. Considering semi‐rigid mechanical characteristics, a finite element model of the hybrid structure was established, and the calculation results agreed well with the test results. Kobe, El Centro and an artificial ground motion were input for displacement and acceleration response analysis. A set of fifteen ground motion records were selected, and incremental dynamic analysis and seismic fragility analysis were conducted. Results show that the first and second natural frequencies of the HBCT structure are 4.327 and 4.375 Hz, and the vibration modes are translation in the east–west direction and in the north–south direction, respectively. Taking the Kobe ground motion as an example, the maximum displacement of the pillar top of the second‐floor timber structure is 6.12 times that of the pillar top of the first‐floor brick‐concrete structure. The peak inter‐structural layer drift of 1/155 is less than the standard limit. Dynamic coefficients of the overall structure are less than 1, which indicates that the HBCT structure exhibits good shock absorption performance. The performance at different seismic intensities is in accordance with the “Three‐level and Two‐stage Seismic Fortification Goals,” which means no damage under minor earthquake, repairable damage under moderate earthquake, and no collapse under large earthquake.