bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Monohydrate of Basic Mercuric Nitrate, [Hg(OH)](NO3)(H2O)
Authors: Nolte Matthias , Pantenburg Ingo , Meyer Gerd 
Published: December 2005

AbstractColourless single crystals of [Hg(OH)](NO3)(H2O) were obtained by slow evaporation of an aqueous solution of Hg(NO3)2 and Bi(NO3)3. The crystal structure (orthorhombic, Pbca, Z = 8, a = 943.2(2), b = 697.6(1), c = 1349.0(2) pm, R1(all) = 0.0780) contains [Hg(OH)] = …OH–Hg–OH–Hg… zig zag chains (O–Hg–O angle: 168°, Hg–O–Hg angle: 112°, Hg–OH distance: 212 pm) to which one water molecule is attached loosely. The [Hg(OH)](H2O) chains are connected via bis‐monodentate‐bridging nitrate ions to corrugated layers that are stacked in the [001] direction. Hg2+ has an effective 2+2+2(+1) coordination.
Crop losses to pests
Authors: OERKE E.-C. 
Published: December 2005

Productivity of crops grown for human consumption is at risk due to the incidence of pests, especially weeds, pathogens and animal pests. Crop losses due to these harmful organisms can be substantial and may be prevented, or reduced, by crop protection measures. An overview is given on different types of crop losses as well as on various methods of pest control developed during the last century.Estimates on potential and actual losses despite the current crop protection practices are given for wheat, rice, maize, potatoes, soybeans, and cotton for the period 2001–03 on a regional basis (19 regions) as well as for the global total. Among crops, the total global potential loss due to pests varied from about 50% in wheat to more than 80% in cotton production. The responses are estimated as losses of 26–29% for soybean, wheat and cotton, and 31, 37 and 40% for maize, rice and potatoes, respectively. Overall, weeds produced the highest potential loss (34%), with animal pests and pathogens being less important (losses of 18 and 16%). The efficacy of crop protection was higher in cash crops than in food crops. Weed control can be managed mechanically or chemically, therefore worldwide efficacy was considerably higher than for the control of animal pests or diseases, which rely heavily on synthetic chemicals. Regional differences in efficacy are outlined. Despite a clear increase in pesticide use, crop losses have not significantly decreased during the last 40 years. However, pesticide use has enabled farmers to modify production systems and to increase crop productivity without sustaining the higher losses likely to occur from an increased susceptibility to the damaging effect of pests.The concept of integrated pest/crop management includes a threshold concept for the application of pest control measures and reduction in the amount/frequency of pesticides applied to an economically and ecologically acceptable level. Often minor crop losses are economically acceptable; however, an increase in crop productivity without adequate crop protection does not make sense, because an increase in attainable yields is often associated with an increased vulnerability to damage inflicted by pests.
Multivalence and Collaboration in Benjamin Britten’s Death in Venice
Authors: SARA LONGOBARDI RUTH 
Published: December 2005

A multivalent conception of opera, one that understands each operatic domain as functioning independently of every other domain, is one way of accounting for marks of contention: passages in which the music seems not to fit the events, characters, or atmospheres of its accompanying text. With that analytical framework, opera, frequently conceived of as two media subsumed under a cohesive initiative, emerges as a site of elaborate, sometimes contentious, interactions.Scene 11 of Death in Venice exhibits considerable signs of multivalence. The unusual musical construct of this scene suggests points of reference that are absent in the libretto, and, accordingly, the two media do not distil the protagonist’s character in this passage but rather broaden the representational space into a heteroglossic network of associations.The incongruities in this scene thereby disrupt the sense of ideological affinity between media, and signal significant differences among artistic perspectives and values. In particular, musico-dramatic dissonances highlight varying concerns regarding the opera’s topic of homosexuality. If the protagonist’s homosexual trajectory in Death in Venice’s libretto ends in shame and death, this is a trajectory that the music might be heard as opposing, even if we cannot translate its meanings precisely.
VIS-O-BAC: exploratory visualization of functional genome studies from bacteria
Authors: Dieterich Guido , Kärst Uwe , Wehland Jürgen , Jänsch Lothar 
Published: December 2005

Abstract
Summary: The visualization-aided exploration of complex datasets will allow the research community to formulate novel functional hypotheses leading to a better understanding of biological processes at all levels. Therefore, we have developed a web resource termed VIS-O-BAC designed for the functional investigation of expression data for model systems, such as bacterial pathogens based on a graphical display. Genome-scale datasets derived from typical ‘omic’ approaches can directly be explored with respect to three biologically relevant aspects, the genome structure (operon organization), the organization of genes in pathways (KEGG) and the gene function with Gene Ontology (GO) terms. The integrated viewers can be used in parallel and combine expression data and functional annotations from different external data repositories. The graphical visualizations evidently accelerate both the validation of regulatory information and the detection of affected biological processes.
Availability:
Contact: lja@gbf.de
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
SubLoc: a server/client suite for protein subcellular location based on SOAP
Authors: Chen Hu , Huang Ni , Sun Zhirong 
Published: December 2005

Abstract
Summary: Based on SOAP(Simple Object Access Protocol) technology, the SubLoc server/client suite offers a user-friendly interface for searching and predicting protein subcellular location.
Availability:SubLoc SOAP server is available through HTTP protocol at . The client software can be downloaded at . More information is given at .
Contact: sunzhr@mail.tsinghua.edu.cn
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Phase I study of radioimmunotherapy with an anti‐CD20 murine radioimmunoconjugate (90Y‐ibritumomab tiuxetan) in relapsed or refractory indolent B‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Watanabe Takashi , Terui Shoji , Itoh Kuniaki , Terauchi Takashi , Igarashi Tadahiko , Usubuchi Noriko , Nakata Masanobu , Nawano Shigeru , Sekiguchi Naohiro , Kusumoto Shigeru , Tanimoto Kazuki , Kobayashi Yukio , Endo Keigo , Seriu Taku , Hayashi Masaki , Tobinai Kensei 
Published: December 2005

We conducted a phase I study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of radioimmunotherapy with yttrium‐90‐ibritumomab tiuxetan (Y2B8) in Japanese patients with relapsed or refractory indolent B‐cell lymphoma. Indium‐111‐labeled ibritumomab tiuxetan (In2B8; 3.5 or 5 mCi [129.5 or 185 MBq]) was administered on day 1, followed by serial gamma‐camera imaging to investigate the distribution of In2B8 in the whole body of patients and to judge the feasibility of Y2B8 administration. Y2B8 with a dose of 0.3 mCi/kg (11.1 MBq/kg) or 0.4 mCi/kg (14.8 MBq/kg) was administered on day 8. Grade 4 neutropenia and grade 3 thrombocytopenia were observed in three of nine of the patients evaluated for safety. Critical toxicities (prolonged thrombocytopenia or severe non‐hematological toxicities) were observed in two of six patients in the 0.4 mCi/kg (14.8 MBq/kg) dose group but were not seen in any of the three patients in the 0.3 mCi/kg (11.1 MBq/kg) dose group. The non‐hematological toxicities of the nine patients were of grade 2 or less, except in two patients who had been heavily treated previously. They experienced critical toxicities such as infection, diarrhea, hyponatremia and prolonged thrombocytopenia, as well as other frequent grade 2 non‐hematological toxicities. Although the pharmacokinetic profiles were similar to those in the US study, one of the two patients was clarified retrospectively as showing abnormal biodistribution of In2B8 in the bone marrow, as judged by an independent third party panel of radiologists. Five of the 10 participants achieved complete responses or unconfirmed complete responses and two partial responses. In conclusion, the recommended dose of Y2B8 for the subsequent phase II study for Japanese patients is 0.4 mCi/kg (14.8 MBq/kg). This dose of radioimmunotherapy was feasible when patients with altered biodistribution of In2B8 were excluded, and it was highly effective. (Cancer Sci 2005; 96: 903–910)
Important prognostic histological parameters for patients with invasive ductal carcinoma of the pancreas
Authors: Mitsunaga Shuichi , Hasebe Takahiro , Iwasaki Motoki , Kinoshita Taira , Ochiai Atsushi , Shimizu Nobuyoshi 
Published: December 2005

For clinicians, the orthodox histological investigation of patients with invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) remains important for predicting prognoses. The purpose of the present study was to determine the most important of the known prognostic histological parameters (including fibrotic focus and tumor necrosis), enabling the outcomes of 101 patients with IDC of the pancreas to be predicted accurately. Furthermore, we established a scoring classification consisting of important prognostic histological parameters examined in this study. Multivariate survival analyses showed that invasive tumor size of more than 3 cm, the presence of tumor necrosis, the presence of nerve plexus invasion and lymph vessel invasion scores of 2 or 3 were important prognostic factors. Our scoring classification, consisting of the above four parameters, accurately classified the outcome of patients independent of the invasive tumor size of IDC. We concluded that invasive tumor size of 3 cm or more, the presence of tumor necrosis, the presence of nerve plexus invasion and lymph vessel invasion scores of 2 or 3 are important histological prognostic parameters for patients with IDC of the pancreas. Furthermore, the scoring system consisting of the above four histological parameters is probably a very useful prognostic histological classification for patients with IDC of the pancreas. (Cancer Sci2005; 96: 858–865)
Helicobacter pylori CagA: a new paradigm for bacterial carcinogenesis
Authors: Hatakeyama Masanori , Higashi Hideaki 
Published: December 2005

Infection with cagA‐positive Helicobacter pylori is associated with the development of gastric adenocarcinoma. The cagA gene product CagA is injected directly from the bacterium into the bacterium‐attached gastric epithelial cells via the type‐IV secretion system. Upon membrane localization and subsequent tyrosine phosphorylation by Src family kinases, CagA functions as a scaffolding adaptor and interacts with a number of host proteins that regulate cell growth, cell motility and cell polarity in both CagA phosphorylation‐dependent and phosphorylation‐independent manners. Of special interest is the interaction of CagA with the SHP‐2 tyrosine phosphatase, gain‐of‐function mutations that of which have recently been found in a variety of human malignancies. The CagA–SHP‐2 interaction is entirely dependent on CagA tyrosine phosphorylation and, through the complex formation, SHP‐2 is catalytically activated and induces morphological transformation with elevated cell motility. Intriguingly, structural diversity of the tyrosine phosphorylation sites of CagA accounts for the differential activity of individual CagA to bind and activate SHP‐2. Deregulation of SHP‐2 and other intracellular signaling molecules by H. pylori CagA may predispose cells to accumulate multiple genetic and epigenetic changes involved in gastric carcinogenesis. Furthermore, the differential potential of individual CagA to disturb cellular functions indicates that H. pylori strains carrying biologically more active CagA are more virulent than those with less active CagA and are more closely associated with gastric carcinoma. (Cancer Sci 2005; 96: 835–843)
Competition between perch (Perca fluviatilis) and ruffe (Gymnocephalus cernuus): the advantage of turning night into day
Authors: SCHLEUTER D. , ECKMANN R. 
Published: December 2005

Summary1. The outcome of interspecific competition for food resources depends both on the competitors’ sensory abilities and on environmental conditions. In laboratory experiments we tested the influence of daylight and darkness on feeding behaviour and specific growth rate (SGR) of two species with different sensory abilities.2. We used perch (Perca fluviatilis) as a visually orientated, and ruffe (Gymnocephalus cernuus) as a mechano‐sensory oriented predator and tested their growth rates and behaviour under conditions of interspecific and intraspecific competition. Three different foraging conditions were used: food supplied (i) only during the day, (ii) only during the night or (iii) during both day and night.3. In perch neither SGR nor feeding behaviour were influenced substantially by interspecific competition during daylight. During darkness their foraging behaviour changed markedly and their access to the food source as well as their SGR were negatively affected by the presence of ruffe.4. Ruffe's foraging behaviour did not change during either day or night with interspecific competition. During the night ruffe's SGR was higher with interspecific competition, probably because of a release from intraspecific competition and the competitive inferiority of perch during the night.5. Because of its seonsory abilities ruffe feeds predominantly at night, thereby reducing competitive interference from perch.
Time‐lapse seismic analysis of pressure depletion in the Southern Gas Basin
Authors: Hall Stephen A. , MacBeth Colin , Stammeijer Jan , Omerod Mark 
Published: December 2005

ABSTRACTIn the Southern Gas Basin (SGB) of the North Sea there are many mature gas fields where time‐lapse monitoring could be very beneficial in extending production life. However, the conditions are not immediately attractive for time‐lapse seismic assessment. This is primarily because the main production effect to be assessed is a pore pressure reduction and frame stiffening because of gas production in tight sandstone reservoirs that also have no real seismic direct hydrocarbon indicators. Modelling, based on laboratory measurements, has shown that such an effect would be small and difficult to detect in seismic data. This paper makes two main contributions. Firstly, this is, to our knowledge, the first time‐lapse study in the SGB and involves a real‐data assessment of the viability for detecting production in such an environment. Secondly, the feasibility of using markedly different legacies of data in such a study is addressed, including an assessment of the factors influencing the crossmatching. From the latter, it is found that significant, spatially varying time shifts need to be, and are successfully, resolved through 3‐D warping. After the warping, the primary factors limiting the crossmatching appear to be residual local phase variations, possibly induced by the differing migration strategies, structure, reverberations and different coherencies of the volumes, caused by differences in acquisition‐structure azimuth and acquisition fold. Despite these differences, a time‐lapse amplitude signature is observed that is attributable to production. The character of the 4‐D amplitude anomalies may also indicate variations in stress sensitivity, e.g. because of zones of fracturing. Additionally, warping‐derived time attributes have been highlighted as a potential additional avenue for detection of pressure depletion in such reservoirs. Although the effects are subtle, they may indicate changes in stress/pressure in and around the reservoir because of production. However, to fully resolve the subtle time‐lapse effects in such a reservoir, the data differences need to be better addressed, which may be possible by full re‐processing and pre‐stack analysis, but more likely dedicated 4‐D acquisition would be required.
Magnetic data analysis at low latitudes using magnitude transforms
Authors: Gerovska Daniela , Stavrev Petar 
Published: December 2005

ABSTRACTMagnitude transforms include magnitude magnetic anomalies (MMA), their gradients and Laplacians. They can be calculated from the total magnetic anomalies or other component anomalies. Magnitude magnetic anomalies have a space distribution different from that of the component anomalies. Their values are non‐negative and their respective patterns are similar to the positive gravity anomalies. Magnitude transforms are an effective tool for magnetic data analysis due to their simplified pattern and direct correlation with the space location of the source. They have advantages over the traditionally used reduction‐to‐the‐pole (RTP) transform, especially at low magnetic latitudes. The calculation of magnitudes of the anomalous field requires the total field data to be transformed into the component anomalies, while the reduction‐to‐the‐pole transform also includes a rotation of the magnetization vector, the orientation of which is usually assumed. For equal latitudes, the transfer functions of component‐component transforms in the frequency domain show better stability than the component‐component‐rotation transfer function. This is illustrated by a comparison of analytical expressions, and synthetic models of magnetic fields. The Dixon seamount case shows the possibilities for an improved data analysis and more confident source recognition at low latitudes using magnetic transforms.
Induction of autoimmunity by immunization with hapten‐modified hen egg lysozyme in hen egg lysozyme‐transgenic mice
Authors: Kang Hee‐Kap , Chung Yun Jo , Park Chung Ung , Jang Yong‐Suk , Kim Byung S. 
Published: December 2005

SummaryTo understand the mechanism of autoimmunity induction, hen egg lysozyme (HEL)‐transgenic (Tg) C57BL/6 (B6) mice were immunized with HEL or phosphorylcholine‐conjugated HEL (PC‐HEL). Repeated immunization of HEL‐Tg mice with native HEL failed to induce the antibody response against HEL. However, immunization with PC‐HEL generated a significant anti‐HEL antibody response. Immunization of the Tg mice with dominant (HEL74−88) or cryptic (HEL47−61) T‐cell epitope peptide stimulated the corresponding T‐cell response and similarly yielded the anti‐HEL antibody response. Predominance of immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) anti‐HEL antibody response in the HEL‐Tg mice and preferential IL‐4 production by HEL‐specific T cells suggested the dependency of the antibody response to the presence of T helper 2. HEL‐Tg mice received HEL‐primed B6 T cells, but not HEL‐primed Tg T cells, were able to generate anti‐HEL antibody response following PC‐HEL immunization. The pattern and the level of epitope peptides generated by splenic antigen‐presenting cells indicated that PC‐HEL results in much more efficient processing as compared to HEL. These results strongly suggest that the enhancement of antigen processing by hapten (PC) conjugation to the antigen facilitates more efficient stimulation of T cells reactive to self antigen, HEL in HEL‐Tg mice resulting in the production of anti‐self HEL antibody.
Inbreeding, outbreeding and environmental effects on genetic diversity in 46 walleye (Sander vitreus) populations
Authors: CENA CHRISTOPHER J. , MORGAN GEORGE E. , MALETTE MICHAEL D. , HEATH DANIEL D. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractGenetic diversity is recognized as an important population attribute for both conservation and evolutionary purposes; however, the functional relationships between the environment, genetic diversity, and fitness‐related traits are poorly understood. We examined relationships between selected lake parameters and population genetic diversity measures in 46 walleye (Sander vitreus) populations across the province of Ontario, Canada, and then tested for relationships between six life history traits (in three categories: growth, reproductive investment, and mortality) that are closely related to fitness, and genetic diversity measures (heterozygosity, d2, and Wright's inbreeding coefficient). Positive relationships were observed between lake surface area, growing degree days, number of species, and hatchery supplementation versus genetic diversity. Walleye early growth rate was the only life history trait significantly correlated with population heterozygosity in both males and females. The relationship between FIS and male early growth rate was negative and significant (P < 0.01) and marginally nonsignificant for females (P = 0.06), consistent with inbreeding depression effects. Only one significant relationship was observed for d2: female early growth rate (P < 0.05). Stepwise regression models showed that surface area and heterozygosity had a significant effect on female early growth rate, while hatchery supplementation, surface area and heterozygosity had a significant effect on male early growth rate. The strong relationship between lake parameters, such as surface area, and hatchery supplementation, versus genetic diversity suggests inbreeding and outbreeding in some of the populations; however, the weak relationships between genetic diversity and life history traits indicate that inbreeding and outbreeding depression are not yet seriously impacting Ontario walleye populations.
Phylogenetic relationship of LumbricalusFrame, 1992 (Polychaeta: Lumbrineridae), with ecological and distribution data
Authors: Carrera‐Parra Luis F. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThis study is the first phylogenetic reconstruction of the eight Lumbricalus species, using parsimony analysis of 11 morphological characters. Following previous higher‐level phylogenetic analysis, Kuwaita magnaMohammad, 1973 was selected as outgroup. The analysis yielded one most parsimonious tree of 18 steps, consistency index of 0.7222, homoplasy index of 0.2778, and retention index of 0.6875. The topology of this tree revealed the separation of the genus in four groups, (i) L. foresti, L. adriatica, L. harrisae and L. aotearoae; (ii) L. composita and L. vossae; (iii) L. januarii; and (iv) L. vivianneae. Furthermore, ecological and distribution data on the genus are provided, and a possible explanation of the discontinuous distribution of L. januarii is provided.