bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of Antisocial and Psychopathic Traits on Decision‐Making Biases in Alcoholics
Authors: Miranda Jr Robert , MacKillop James , Meyerson Lori A. , Justus Alicia , Lovallo William R. 
Published: March 2009

Background:  Although decision‐making processes have become a principal target of study among addiction researchers, few studies have specifically examined decision‐making among individuals with alcohol dependence (AD) and findings to date are mixed. The present study examined the relationship between AD and decision‐making, and tested whether different facets of antisocial and psychopathic traits explain this association.Methods:  Participants were men with AD (n = 22), AD and comorbid antisocial personality disorder (AD + ASPD; n = 17), or a history of recreational alcohol use, but no current or lifetime symptoms of a substance use disorder, conduct disorder, or ASPD (n = 21). Decision‐making was tested using the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT).Results:  Across groups, participants reported similar levels of awareness of the contingencies of the task, but the AD groups with and without ASPD had poorer IGT performance compared with controls (p < 0.05). A block‐by‐block analysis revealed that while AD had slow but steady improvement across the task, AD + ASPD exhibited initial improvement followed by a significant decrease in advantageous decision‐making during the last 20 trials (p < 0.05). This was further confirmed via evidence that impulsive/antisocial personality traits but not psychopathic traits mediated poor IGT performance beyond ASPD diagnosis.Conclusions:  Alcohol‐dependent males favored risky choices regardless of whether they met criteria for ASPD. However, decision‐making deficits were more pronounced among those with ASPD, and personality traits characterized by impulsive and antisocial tendencies mediated the relationship between AD and decision‐making.
Associations ofALDH2andADH1BGenotypes With Alcohol‐Related Phenotypes in Asian Young Adults
Authors: Hendershot Christian S. , Collins Susan E. , George William H. , Wall Tamara L. , McCarthy Denis M. , Liang Tiebing , Larimer Mary E. 
Published: March 2009

Background: Associations ofALDH2andADH1Bgenotypes with alcohol use have been evaluated largely using case–control studies, which typically focus on adult samples and dichotomous diagnostic outcomes. Relatively fewer studies have evaluatedALDH2andADH1Bin relation to continuous drinking outcomes or at different developmental stages. This study examined additive and interactive effects ofALDH2andADH1Bgenotypes on drinking behavior in a mixed‐gender sample of Asian young adults, focusing on continuous phenotypes (e.g., heavy episodic and hazardous drinking, alcohol sensitivity, drinking consequences) whose expression is expected to precede the onset of alcohol use disorders.Methods: The sample included 182 Chinese‐ and Korean‐American young adults ages 18 years and older (mean age = 20 years). Effects ofALDH2,ADH1Band ethnicity were estimated using generalized linear modeling.Results: TheALDH2*2allele predicted lower reported rates of alcohol use and drinking consequences as well as greater reported sensitivity to alcohol. There were significant ethnic group differences in drinking outcomes, such that Korean ethnicity predicted higher drinking rates and lower alcohol sensitivity.ADH1Bstatus was not significantly related to drinking outcomes.Conclusions: Ethnicity andALDH2status, but notADH1Bstatus, consistently explained significant variance in alcohol consumption in this relatively young sample. Results extend previous work by showing an association ofALDH2genotype with drinking consequences. Findings are discussed in the context of possible developmental and population differences in the influence ofALDH2andADH1Bvariations on alcohol‐related phenotypes.
Enhancing mating performance after juvenile hormone treatment in Anastrepha fraterculus: a differential response in males and females acts as a physiological sexing system
Authors: Segura Diego F. , Cáceres Carlos , Vera M. Teresa , Wornoayporn Viwat , Islam Amirul , Teal Peter E.A. , Cladera Jorge L. , Hendrichs Jorge , Robinson Alan S. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractMethoprene (a mimic of juvenile hormone) treatment can reduce the time required for sexual maturation in Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae) males under laboratory conditions, supporting its use as a treatment for sterile males within the context of the sterile insect technique (SIT). We evaluated sexual behaviour, mating competitiveness of methoprene‐treated males, and female readiness to mate after methoprene‐treatment in field cages. The study involved two strains of A. fraterculus from Argentina and Peru, which show several polymorphisms in relation to their sexual behaviour. We also analyzed whether methoprene treatment affected male and/or female behaviour in the same way in these two strains. Methoprene‐treated males were equally competitive with untreated mature males, and became sexually competitive 6 days after emergence (3–4 days earlier than untreated males). In contrast, methoprene did not induce sexual maturation in females or, at least, it did not induce a higher rate of mating in 7‐day‐old females. These results were observed both for the Argentina and the Peru strains. Altogether, our results indicate that methoprene treatment produces sexually competitive males in field cages. In the absence of a genetic sexing system, and when sterile males and females of A. fraterculus are released simultaneously, the fact that females do not respond as do males to the methoprene treatment acts as a physiological sexing effect. Therefore, in the presence of mainly sexually immature sterile females, released sexually mature sterile males would have to disperse in search of wild fertile females, thereby greatly reducing matings among the released sterile insects and thus enhancing sterile insect technique efficiency.
Inflammation and frailty measures in older people
Authors: Hubbard Ruth E. , O’Mahony M. Sinead , Savva George M. , Calver Brian L. , Woodhouse Ken W. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractInflammation in patients defined as frail by Fried’s phenotypic definition may be related to sarcopenia. This study aimed to investigate inflammation in older patients across different frailty criteria. Frailty status was determined in 110 patients aged over 75 years (mean 83.9 years) according to function (dependent, intermediate, independent); Fried (three or more items of exhaustion, weight loss, slow walking speed, low handgrip strength, low physical activity) and Frailty Index (a measure of accumulated deficits). With increasing patient frailty as defined by function and by Fried phenotype, tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) and C‐reactive protein (CRP) increased significantly. Albumin was lowest in the frailest subjects by each definition. The greatest differences were seen between intermediate and dependent groups and between the pre‐frail and frail. Adjustment for multiple covariates (age, sex, BMI category, smoking status, number of co‐morbidities and number of prescribed medications) did not account for any of the observed differences in levels of inflammatory markers. The Frailty Index correlated significantly with log‐transformed CRP (r= 0.221, P < 0.05), log‐transformed IL‐6 (r= 0.369, P < 0.01), TNF‐α (r= 0.379, P < 0.01) and inversely with albumin (r=– 0.545, P < 0.01). This study provides further evidence linking inflammation and frailty in older people, an association that seems consistent across different frailty measures.
H2O2‐induced Ca2+ influx and its inhibition by N‐(p‐amylcinnamoyl) anthranilic acid in the β‐cells: involvement of TRPM2 channels
Authors: Bari Muhammad R. , Akbar Sanian , Eweida Mohamed , Kühn Frank J.P. , Gustafsson Amanda Jabin , Lückhoff Andreas , Islam Md. Shahidul 
Published: March 2009

AbstractType 2 melastatin‐related transient receptor potential channel (TRPM2), a member of the melastatin‐related TRP (transient receptor potential) subfamily is a Ca2+‐permeable channel activated by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). We have investigated the role of TRPM2 channels in mediating the H2O2‐induced increase in the cytoplasmic free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) in insulin‐secreting cells. In fura‐2 loaded INS‐1E cells, a widely used model of β‐cells, and in human β‐cells, H2O2 increased [Ca2+]i, in the presence of 3 mM glucose, by inducing Ca2+ influx across the plasma membrane. H2O2‐induced Ca2+ influx was not blocked by nimodipine, a blocker of the L‐type voltage‐gated Ca2+ channels nor by 2‐aminoethoxydiphenyl borate, a blocker of several TRP channels and store‐operated channels, but it was completely blocked by N‐(p‐amylcinnamoyl)anthranilic acid (ACA), a potent inhibitor of TRPM2. Adenosine diphosphate phosphate ribose, a specific activator of TRPM2 channel and H2O2, induced inward cation currents that were blocked by ACA. Western blot using antibodies directed to the epitopes on the N‐terminal and on the C‐terminal parts of TRPM2 identified the full length TRPM2 (TRPM2‐L), and the C‐terminally truncated TRPM2 (TRPM2‐S) in human islets. We conclude that functional TRPM2 channels mediate H2O2‐induced Ca2+ entry in β‐cells, a process potently inhibited by ACA.
Affinity and catalytic heterogeneity of polyclonal myelin basic protein‐hydrolyzing IgGs from sera of patients with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Legostaeva Galina A. , Polosukhina Dar’ya I. , Bezuglova Anna M. , Doronin Boris M. , Buneva Valentina N. , Nevinsky Georgy A. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractHuman myelin basic protein (hMBP)‐hydrolyzing activity was recently shown to be an intrinsic property of antibodies (Abs) from multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. Here, we present the first evidence demonstrating a significant diversity of different fractions of polyclonal IgGs (pIgGs) from MS patients in their affinity for hMBP and in the ability of pIgGs to hydrolyze hBMP at different optimal pHs (3–10.5). IgGs containing λ‐ and κ‐types of light chains demonstrated comparable relative activities in the hydrolysis of hMBP. IgGs of IgG1–IgG4 sub‐classes were analyzed for catalytic activity. IgGs of all four sub‐classes were catalytically active, with their contribution to the total activity of Abzs in the hydrolysis of hMBP and its 19‐mer oligopeptide increasing in the order: IgG1 (1.5–2.1%) < IgG2 (4.9–12.8%) < IgG3 (14.7–25.0%) < IgG4 (71–78%). Our findings suggest that the immune systems of individual MS patients generate a variety of anti‐hMBP abzymes with different catalytic properties, which can attack hMBP of myelin‐proteolipid shell of axons, playing an important role in MS pathogenesis.
Cardiac cell therapy: overexpression of connexin43 in skeletal myoblasts and prevention of ventricular arrhythmias
Authors: Fernandes Sarah , Rijen Harold V.M. van , Forest Virginie , Evain Stéphane , Leblond Anne‐Laure , Mérot Jean , Charpentier Flavien , Bakker Jacques M.T. de , Lemarchand Patricia 
Published: March 2009

AbstractCell‐based therapies have great potential for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Recently, using a transgenic mouse model Roell et al. reported that cardiac engraftment of connexin43 (Cx43)‐overexpressing myoblasts in vivo prevents post‐infarct arrhythmia, a common cause of death in patients following heart attack. We carried out a similar study but in a clinically relevant context via transplantation of autologous connexin43‐overexpressing myoblasts in infarcted rats. Seven days after coronary ligation, rats were randomized into three groups: a control group injected with myoblasts, a null group injected with myoblasts transduced with an empty lentivirus vector (null) and a Cx43 group injected with myoblasts transduced with a lentivirus vector encoding connexin43. In contrast to Roell’s report, arrhythmia occurrence was not statistically different between groups (58%, 64% and 48% for the control (n= 12), null (n= 14) and Cx43 (n= 23) groups, respectively, P= 0.92). Using ex vivo intramural monophasic action potential recordings synchronous electrical activity was observed between connexin43‐overexpressing myoblasts and host cardiomyocytes, whereas such synchrony did not occur in the null‐transduced group. This suggests that ex vivo connexin43 gene transfer and expression in myoblasts improved intercellular electrical coupling between myoblasts and cardiomyocytes. However, in our model such electrical coupling was not sufficient to decrease arrhythmia induction. Therefore, we would suggest a note of caution on the use of combined Cx43 gene and cell therapy to prevent post‐infarct arrhythmias in heart failure patients.
Formation of lipid raft redox signalling platforms in glomerular endothelial cells: an early event of homocysteine‐induced glomerular injury
Authors: Yi Fan , Jin Si , Zhang Fan , Xia Min , Bao Jun‐Xiang , Hu Junjun , Poklis Justin L. , Li Pin‐Lan 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe present study tested the hypothesis that homocysteine (Hcys)‐induced ceramide production stimulates lipid rafts (LRs) clustering on the membrane of glomerular endothelial cells (GECs) to form redox signalling platforms by aggregation and activation of NADPH oxidase subunits and thereby enhances superoxide (O2.−) production, leading to glomerular endothelial dysfunction and ultimate injury or sclerosis. Using confocal microscopy, we first demonstrated a co‐localization of LR clusters with NADPH oxidase subunits, gp91phox and p47phox in the GECs membrane upon Hcys stimulation. Immunoblot analysis of floated detergent‐resistant membrane fractions found that in LR fractions NADPH oxidase subunits gp91phox and p47phox are enriched and that the activity of this enzyme dramatically increased. We also examined the effect of elevated Hcys on the cell monolayer permeability in GECs. It was found that Hcys significantly increased GEC permeability, which was blocked by inhibition of LR redox signalling platform formation. Finally, we found that Hcys‐induced enhancement of GEC permeability is associated with the regulation of microtubule stability through these LR‐redox platforms. It is concluded that the early injurious effect of Hcys on the glomerular endothelium is associated with the formation of redox signalling platforms via LR clustering, which may lead to increases in glomerular permeability by disruption of microtubule network in GECs.
In vivo reflectance confocal microscopy of erythematosquamous skin diseases
Authors: Koller Silvia , Gerger Armin , Ahlgrimm‐Siess Verena , Weger Wolfgang , Smolle Josef , Hofmann‐Wellenhof Rainer 
Published: March 2009

Background:  In vivo reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) represents a promising imaging tool that allows a non‐invasive examination of skin morphology in real time at nearly histological resolution, showing microanatomical structures and individual cells.Objectives:  The aim of our study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of confocal examination of erythematosquamous skin diseases, to define typical RCM‐features and assess them for their presence or absence, diagnostic performance and reliability.Methods:  Three independent observers received standardized instructions about diagnostic RCM‐features of erythematosquamous skin diseases. A total of 1700 RCM images obtained from 75 patients with psoriasis, contact dermatitis, mycosis fungoides, chronic discoid lupus erythematosus (CDLE) or subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus (SCLE) and from 10 ‘healthy adults’ without any skin disease were evaluated by each observer.Results:  Overall, sensitivity and specificity values as observed by three observers were, respectively, 89.13% and 95.41% for psoriasis; 83.33% and 92.31% for contact dermatitis; 62.96% and 94.53% for SCLE/CDLE; and 63.33% and 92.89% for mycosis fungoides.Conclusions:  Reflectance confocal microscopy examination appears to be a promising method for non‐invasive assessment of erythematosquamous skin diseases. This study provides a set of well‐described morphological criteria with obvious diagnostic impact, which should be used in further investigations.
Low rates of transmission of SRV‐2 and STLV‐I to juveniles in a population of Macaca fascicularis facilitate establishment of specific retrovirus‐free colonies
Authors: Mee E.T. , Murrell C.K. , Watkins J. , Almond N. , Cutler K. , Rose N.J. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractBackground  Prevalence of simian retrovirus‐2 (SRV‐2) and simian T lymphotropic virus type I (STLV‐I), was unknown in 337 captive cynomolgus macaques.Methods and Results  Molecular assays identified 29% of animals as SRV‐2 mono‐infected, 4% of animals as STLV‐I mono‐infected and 9% of animals as dual‐infected. Of 108 juvenile animals, 83% were SRV‐2‐negative and no juvenile animal was STLV‐I‐positive. A subsequent study of juvenile macaques over a period of 2.5 years detected no STLV‐I and 10 SRV‐2 infections, six of which occurred between testing and day of colony formation. The study also highlighted that an anti‐SRV‐2 serological response does not presuppose infection. Tissue reservoirs of latent SRV‐2 were not identified in suspected SRV‐2 infections.Conclusions  Low transmissibility of the viruses present in the parental cohort and improved knowledge of the host response to SRV‐2 has facilitated the creation of specific‐retrovirus‐free colonies of cynomolgus macaques.
Effects on permanent teeth after luxation injuries to the primary predecessors: a study in children assisted at an emergency service
Authors: Da Silva Assunção Luciana Reichert , Ferelle Antônio , Iwakura Maria Luiza Hiromi , Cunha Robson Frederico 
Published: March 2009

Abstract –  Aim:  The purpose of this study is to evaluate the developmental disturbances in permanent teeth as a result of luxation injuries in the primary teeth predecessors.Materials and methods:  A total of 5330 records, corresponding to 10 years attendance at the Emergency Center of Baby Clinic, Londrina State University, Brazil, were analyzed. Three hundred and eighty nine children were involved in this study, totaling 620 traumatized primary teeth. Clinical and radiographic examinations were carried out in the permanent successor teeth.Results:  In total, 623 permanent teeth were examined and developmental disturbances were detected in 126 teeth (20.2%). The white or yellow‐brown discoloration of enamel was the clinical disturbance most observed (78.0%) and the crown alteration most detected through radiographic analysis was hypoplasia (86.0%). Root alterations were rare; root dilaceration was observed in only one case. The age of the children when their primary teeth received damage varied between 6 and 36 months (P = 0.000325). Intrusive luxation and avulsion were related with most of the cases of sequelae in the successor permanent teeth (P = 0.000001).Conclusion:  The results of the present investigation emphasize the special attention required for children who suffered dental trauma at an early age, especially in cases of intrusive luxation and avulsion.
The analysis of oral air using selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry in persons with and without a history of oral malodour
Authors: Ross BM , Dadgostar N , Bloom M , McKeown L 
Published: March 2009

Abstract:  Objectives:  Oral malodour is a common disorder predominantly caused by bacterial metabolism of food stuffs in the mouth. It is routinely diagnosed and monitored by either the subjective rating or the measurement of oral volatile sulphur compound (VSC) levels. Non‐sulphur compounds are also believed to contribute significantly to the condition although there is currently no direct means to assess their levels. In this study, we utilized selective flow tube mass spectrometry (SIFT‐MS) to measure, in real time, a range of sulphur and non‐sulphur containing compounds in oral air to determine whether the technique can be used to objectively monitor oral malodour.Methods:  Oral malodour was assessed using organoleptic scores in subjects with and without a history of oral malodour (n = 18) by a trained rater, while the chemical composition of oral air was analysed by both VSC sensor and SIFT‐MS.Results:  Total VSC levels were significantly correlated with levels of hydrogen sulphide and methylmercaptan measured by SIFT‐MS, but not with organoleptic scores. In subjects with elevated organoleptic score, only levels of methylmercaptan were significantly elevated. In three subjects with elevated tongue organoleptic scores but normal total VSC levels, SIFT‐MS suggested that one subject possessed high levels of oral acetone while another had high oral levels of acetic acid.Conclusions:  Our data suggest that SIFT‐MS can be used to assess a wide range of compounds in oral air in addition to VSC to provide a clearer picture of the chemical nature of malodour. This may assist in the diagnosis and monitoring of the condition.
Increase in detectable opportunistic bacteria in the oral cavity of orthodontic patients
Authors: Kitada K , De Toledo A , Oho T 
Published: March 2009

Abstract:  Objectives:  This study was performed to detect the opportunistic bacteria and fungi from the oral cavities of orthodontic patients and examine the ability of the organisms to adhere to saliva‐coated metallic brackets.Methods:  Opportunistic bacteria and fungi were isolated from 58 patients (orthodontic group: 42; non‐orthodontic group: 16) using culture methods and were identified based on their biochemical and enzymatic profiles. Seven opportunistic and four streptococcal strains were tested for their ability to adhere to saliva‐coated metallic brackets.Results:  More opportunistic bacteria and fungi were detected in the orthodontic group than in the non‐orthodontic group (P < 0.05). Opportunistic bacteria adhered to saliva‐coated metallic brackets to the same degree as oral streptococci.Conclusions:  The isolation frequencies of opportunistic bacteria and fungi increase during orthodontic treatment, suggesting the importance of paying special attention to oral hygiene in orthodontic patients to prevent periodontal disease and the aggravation of systemic disease in immunocompromised conditions.
The role of oral hygiene in a patient with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
Authors: Guzeldemir E 
Published: March 2009

Abstract:Objective:  Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is an acquired disease of children and adults defined as isolated thrombocytopenia with no clinically apparent associated conditions or other causes of thrombocytopenia. Oral manifestations are gingival bleeding, petechiae, mucocutaneous bleeding and haemorrhage into tissues.Case description and results:  An 11‐year‐old Turkish female was referred to the periodontology clinic by the paediatric haematologist for the treatment of spontaneous gingival bleeding, gingival oedematous enlargement and hyperaemia. She was diagnosed as chronic ITP 6 months ago and she was told not to brush her teeth. She was also complaining with dull pain and oral malodor. She was motivated for oral hygiene and after consulting with paediatric haematologist, under the proper circumstances, dental plaque and calculus were removed. Healing was uneventful.Conclusion:  Oral hygiene motivation and dental plaque control is crucial in order to prevent gingival bleeding, inflammation and severe periodontal diseases in patients with haematologic disorders. Understanding of the oral findings is essential in the management of patients and close cooperation between patients’ dentist and haematologist is needed. Dental consultation is essential for diagnosis and improvement of medical conditions. It is possible to obtain adequate oral hygiene with limited performance and haematologic disorders are not handicaps for dental/periodontal procedures under the proper circumstances.