bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EINE EINFACHE SPEZIFISCHE ROUTINEMETHODE ZUR FLUOROMETRISCHEN BESTIMMUNG VON UNKONJUGIERTEN 11-HYDROXYCORTICOSTEROIDEN IN KÖRPERFLÜSSIGKEITEN
Authors: Stahl F. , Dörner G. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A highly improved specificity is obtained by the introduction of a simple correction in the fluorometric determination of unconjugated 11-hydroxy-corticosteroids (11-OHCS) in body fluids. The correction is based on the different development of fluorescence with time of specific and non-specific fluorogens in alcoholic sulphuric acid. The specificity of the routine method is examined by comparison with a paperchromatographic technique. Due to our findings the corrected fluorogens of this simple routine method consist nearly of cortisol and corticosterone only. The additional reliability criteria (accuracy, precision and sensitivity) and the practicability of the method are described.
CORTISOL SECRETION RATE AND URINARY CORTICOID EXCRETION IN NORMAL AND OBESE SUBJECTS
Authors: Copinschi G. , Cornil A. , Leclercq R. , Franckson J. R. M. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The adrenocortical function has been studied in 18 obese patients and in 20 normal subjects. The cortisol secretion rate and the urinary excretion of 17-ketogenic steroids are significantly higher in the obese than in the normal subjects. Yet a great deal of overlapping exists among the groups. Highly significant correlations are found between cortisol secretion or 17-ketogenic excretion on the one hand, and body weight, body surface area or degree of obesity on the other, among pooled normal and obese individuals. When the values are related to body surface area or to actual body weight, the figures for normal and obese people are not significantly different. These data suggest that the increased cortisol secretion in moderately obese people is a function of the increase in their tissues mass.
RESERPINE AND CORTICOTROPHIN SECRETION
Authors: Giuliani Giuliano , Motta Marcella , Martini Luciano 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
It has been shown that reserpine counteracts the depressive effect of dexamethasone on adrenal weight and function. These data have been interpreted as indicating that the main effect of reserpine on the hypophysial-adrenal axis is that of enhancing rather than depressing corticotrophin secretion. This might be achieved through the suppression of a midbrain inhibitory action. The blocking of stress reactions induced by reserpine is thought to be a result of the feedback effects of the enhanced blood levels of adrenal steroids, induced by the drug.
METOPIRONE TEST IN OVERWEIGHT SUBJECTS
Authors: Laurian L. , Herzberg M. , Balas L. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The metopirone test was performed in 54 subjects: 49 overweight subjects and 5 controls. While normal in some of these, the test showed a poor reaction in a group of 14 overweight children, 12 of them being boys with a gynoid type of obesity.
It is suggested that the poor reaction to metopirone possibly represents only one aspect of reduced pituitary functional state – including gonadotrophins – and, if confirmed, these findings may support the concept of a functional Babinski-Fröhlich syndrome.
THE USE OF NON-CASTRATE PARABIOTIC RATS FOR THE EVALUATION OF PLASMA GONADOTROPHINS
Authors: Johnson Donald C. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The gonads and accessory sex organs of hypophysectomized male or female rats were used to evaluate the gonadotrophin content of the plasma from a non-castrate parabiotic partner. Ovarian follicular development and the human chorionic gonadotrophin augmentation reaction indicated the presence of FSH in the plasma of immature males. LH was apparent by androgen production from testes in hypophysectomized male partners. The amount of LH was reduced by 2 mg progesterone or 20 μg testosterone propionate (TP) and increased by administration of hypothalamic extract daily to the intact male. Bilateral cryptorchidism also quickly elevated the plasma LH level. FSH output, as measured by follicular development in females, was not significantly affected by 50 μg TP or 2 μg oestradiol daily for 10 days.
Females had little gonadotrophin in their plasma since hypophysectomized female partners showed only slight ovarian and no uterine stimulation. The increased gonadotrophins associated with unilateral compensatory hypertrophy, however, was quickly manifested in follicular hypertrophy and abundant oestrogen production in the hypophysectomized partner.
THYROID FUNCTION IN BREAST CANCER
Authors: Myhill J. , Reeve T. S. , Hales I. B. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Thyroidal radio-131I clearance rate measured at one hour after intravenous injection of a tracer dose was significantly higher in 29 breast cancer patients with local disease only than in 37 with blood borne metastases or in 117 normal subjects. Chemical protein bound iodine was significantly higher in 13 patients with blood borne metastases than in 311 normal subjects. Ten patients with a history of proven breast cancer, but no present clinical or radiographic evidence of disease, evidenced a clearance rate consistent with that of patients with blood borne metastases. The PBI, however, was normal. Measurements were made of 24 hour uptake, extra-thyroidal retained radioiodide at 24 hours, thyroidal radioiodine accumulation curves, renal radioiodine clearance rates and serum thyroid stimulating hormone level, with no significant findings.
ABSENCE OF GROWTH IN HYPOPHYSECTOMIZED RATS TREATED WITH THYROID HORMONES
Authors: Goodall C. M. , Gavin J. B. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Male rats were hypophysectomized at four weeks of age, rested for four weeks, and then were fed a thyroid digest in their drinking water continuously for up to seventy weeks. The digest treatment supplied the equivalent of 1.25μg L-thyroxine per 100 g rat per day approximately. From the body weight curves and radiographic measurements of the skull and mandibles, it was shown that contrary to some previous reports in the literature there was no statistically significant change in the indices of growth or body mass when compared with controls receiving no thyroid treatment. It is suggested that data previously reported by others, indicating a stimulation of growth in hypophysectomized rats by thyroid hormones, may have been derived from animals having minute but still effective pituitary remnants, and somewhat more stringent morphological criteria of hypophysectomy are proposed.
CHILDHOOD HYPERTHYROIDISM
Authors: Mäenpää J. , Hiekkala H. , Lamberg B.-A. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Thirty-nine patients with childhood hyperthyroidism were treated during the period 1950-1964, most of them after 1955. The youngest patient was 3 years old. Thyroid nodules occurred in 55 per cent of the cases.
In 25 patients long-term anti-thyroid treatment was instituted. This therapy was considered as successful in 7 instances (29 per cent). Four patients (17 per cent) are still under treatment, while in 13 (54 per cent) operation was later regarded as advisable owing to unsuccessful anti-thyroid treatment. The failure of thyrostatic therapy may have had some connection with the presence or appearance of thyroid nodules.
In eight instances operation was carried out, primarily owing to compressive and/or nodular goitre.
The results of operation (21 cases in all) are that 10 patients are euthyroid (48%) and 4 hypothyroid (19%) whilst 7 had a relapse or persistence of the disease (33%) of whom 5 are still under treatment and two have subsequently been rendered euthyroid by reoperation in one case and radioactive iodine (at the age of 19) in another case.
There also seems to be a small group of patients (6 cases in this series) in whom, in spite of evident »biochemical disease« although with slight clinical signs and symptoms, the condition seems to resolve spontaneously and nothing but close observation appears to be needed.
A primarily conservative attitude seems advisable. The presence of nodules in the thyroid initially, however, seems to indicate that a surgical approach will be required later on.
THE THYROID SCAN IN PATIENTS WITH HASHIMOTO'S DISEASE
Authors: Boyle J. A. , Thomson J. A. , Greig W. R. , Jackson I. M. D. , Boyle I. T. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The incidence of asymmetrical thyroid scans as measured by hand scanning over the thyroid with a Geiger Muller tube has been investigated in 32 patients with Hashimoto's disease in whom the thyroid gland was hard or nodular or in whom cancer was suspected clinically. In 19 of 32 patients the thyroid scanned asymmetrically. No patient in the series was shown to have thyroid cancer. It is suggested that an asymmetrical scan is of no value in the differentiation of Hashimoto's disease from thyroid neoplasm.
IMMUNOASSAY OF INSULIN IN HUMAN URINE
Authors: Jorgensen Kai R. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The use of a sensitive immunological system has made it possible to demonstrate insulin in the urine of non diabetic and diabetic subjects with a high degree of reliability and without any preceding concentration of the urine.
The 24-hour excretion in non diabetics as well as in diabetics was found to be of the same magnitude as that found previously with a biological method based on the blood-sugar lowering effect of an extract of concentrated urines injected intravenously into rabbits.
The simplicity of the immunological method affords a basis for routine insulin determination in the urine of various categories of patients.
THE BIPHASIC EFFECT OF PROGESTERONE ON OVULATION IN THE RAT
Authors: Zeilmaker G. H. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Injection of 1 or 10 mg progesterone at the 6th–11th hour on the morning of pro-oestrus in 4- and 5-day cyclic rats results in neurohumoral induction of ovulation, which cannot be blocked by pentobarbitone administered at 13.45 h on the same day. Data on hypophysectomy suggest that premature release of ovulation-inducing gonadotrophins occurs after such progesterone injections. After timely pentobarbitone administration, however, induction of premature ovulation is inhibited.
Injection of progesterone about 8 hours earlier (on the day before prooestrus at the 22nd hour) inhibits the induction of ovulation which would normally occur during the afternoon at pro-oestrus.
Administration of progesterone at the 14th hour on day 3 of the 5-day cycle, advances ovulation by 24 hours, whereas earlier injection of the hormone at the 6th hour inhibits ovulation in most cases.
These data suggest a biphasic effect of progesterone on induction of ovulation in the rat, with time characteristics similar to those observed earlier in the rabbit.
THE EFFECT OF TRIIODOTHYRONINE AND THYROXINE ON THYROTROPHIN LEVELS IN THE ANTERIOR PITUITARY GLAND AND BLOOD SERUM OF THYROIDECTOMIZED RATS
Authors: van Rees G. P. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Levels of thyrotrophin were determined in the anterior pituitary glands and blood sera of thyroidectomized rats after treatment with triiodothyronine or thyroxine for two weeks. The effects of increasing doses of both hormones on pituitary TSH levels appeared to be of a biphasic nature: whereas lower doses caused an increase, higher doses did so to a smaller extent or even caused a decrease, while at the same time progressively depressing the serum TSH levels. The highest pituitary levels found in thyroid hormone treated thyroidectomized rats were similar to those found in untreated intact rats, and equal doses of thyroid hormone were necessary to normalize the increased serum levels as well as the decreased pituitary contents in thyroidectomized animals. These findings are interpreted as indicating that in thyroidectomized rats the rate of release of TSH is depressed by lower doses of triiodothyronine and thyroxine than the rate of synthesis. Triiodothyronine was about three times more active than thyroxine.
EFFECTS OF NORETHANDROLONE ON CORTISONE-INDUCED PITUITARY-ADRENAL SUPPRESSION IN THE RAT
Authors: Kitay Julian I. , Coyne M. D. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Norethandrolone administered to castrated male rats stimulated adrenal corticosterone production evaluated in vitro and increased pituitary content of corticotrophin (ACTH). Hepatic metabolism of corticosterone in vitro was unchanged. Concomitant treatment with norethandrolone and cortisone resulted in significantly greater adrenal corticosterone production in vitro compared to that obtained after cortisone treatment alone. Combined therapy also enhanced the plasma corticosterone response to a test dose of ACTH. No improvement was noted in the response to stress, offering no substantiation to the hypothesis that norethandrolone is of value in overcoming cortisone-induced depression of pituitary ACTH release.
AUFHEBUNG DER TESTOSTERONPROPIONAT-INDUZIERTEN UNTERDRÜCKUNG DES VAGINAL-ZYKLUS UND DER OVULATION DURCH EIN ANTIANDROGEN WIRKSAMES STEROID AN RATTEN
Authors: Neumann F. , Elger W. , von Berswordt-Wallrabe R. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
It was examined in how far the inhibition of the vaginal cycle and of the ovulation caused by testosterone propionate, 6α-methyl-17β-hydroxyprogesterone-acetate (MAP), 17α-ethynyl-19-nor-testosterone-acetate (ANTA), oestradiol and progesterone was influenced by simultaneous administration of an anti-androgenically effective steroid (1,2α-methylene-6-chloro-pregna-4,6-diene-17α-ol-3,20-dione = Cyproterone).
The anti-ovulatory activity of testosterone propionate and MAP is considerably diminished under the influence of Cyproterone. The activity of ANTA is only influenced to a very slight extent, while that of oestradiol and progesterone is not influenced at all.
The action of Cyproterone is explained with a blocking of the androgenreceptors of the hypothalamus. Interpretation of the results eventually give new indications that androgens are not directly involved in intraovarian mechanisms preparing ovulation. Possible application for clinical use in particular cases of sterility in women are discussed.
PURIFICATION AND SEPARATION OF FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE (FSH) AND LUTEINIZING HORMONE (LH) FROM HUMAN POSTMENOPAUSAL GONADOTROPHIN (HMG)
Authors: Donini P. , Puzzuoli D. , D'Alessio I. , Lunenfeld B. , Eshkol Aliza , Parlow A. F. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Results of this study indicate that some methods for purification and separation of urinary FSH and LH are available and that different grades of separation of the two hormones can be achieved depending on the purity of the starting material used. The most potent FSH fraction with the highest FSH/LH ratio was obtained with chromatography on DEAE-C column, followed twice by gel filtration on Sephadex G-100. Nevertheless all the FSH fractions reported are more or less contaminated by luteinizing hormone.
CLEARANCE- UND STOP-FLOW-UNTERSUCHUNGEN AN INTAKTEN UND DIABETES-INSIPIDUS-RATTEN IN WASSER- UND OSMOTISCHER DIURESE OHNE UND MIT ZUFUHR EXOGENEN VASOPRESSINS
Authors: Vogel Günther , Stoeckert Ingrid , Winkler Ruth 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
To clarify the significance of vasopressin on various parameters of renal function, clearance and »stop-flow« tests on intact rats and those with induced diabetes insipidus were carried out during water and osmotic (mannitol) diuresis.
With regard to renal clearance, urinary concentration and renal output, water diuresis in the intact and diabetic insipidus rats was the same: low urine osmolarity, low electrolyte concentration, positive free water clearance and low rate of electrolyte excretion. The concentration patterns taken 3 minutes after ureteral occlusion showed for Na+ and Cl−: low free flow values and proximal maximum; osmolarity: low free flow values with a distal maximum below the plasma concentration; creatinine: distal maximum; urea: high free flow values with distal maximum.
In the osmotic diuresis of intact animals, the electrolyte concentration was substantially higher; correspondingly, excretory output was much increased as compared to water diuresis, with negative free water clearance. The »stop-flow« patterns for Na+ and Cl− – starting with 70–100 mmol/l – showed a distal minimum, for osmolarity a distal maximum; and the same for creatinine and urea.
The measured parameters obtained from diabetic insipidus animals in osmotic diuresis showed a marked approximation – up to equivalence – to that of intact and diabetic insipidus animals in water diuresis.
When diabetes insipidus animals in osmotic diuresis were administered arginine-vasopressin as a continuous infusion, the results completely matched those of the measured parameters in the osmotic diuresis of intact animals.
The importance of vasopressin on renal transports can thus be demonstrated not only by clearance and excretory tests, but also by the concentration patterns after ureteral occlusion.
THE LEVATOR ANI MUSCLE OF THE RAT AS AN INTACT PREPARATION SUITABLE FOR IN VITRO INVESTIGATIONS
Authors: Arvill A. , Ahrén K. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A method is described of dissecting out and incubating the levator ani muscle of immature male rats, keeping its normal connections to the rest of the perineal complex.
In order to find out whether this isolated preparation remained intact with undamaged cell membranes, comparisons were made between this preparation of the levator ani muscle and a cut preparation of the same muscle, and also between the levator ani muscle and the intact and cut preparations of the diaphragm.
The following determinations were made:
Distribution of sucrose-14C in vivo and in vitro Distribution of inulin-14C in vitro Distribution of D-xylose-14C in vitro Total tissue water content Potassium concentration in the medium after different incubation periods.
It is concluded that it is possible to dissect out the levator ani muscle with undamaged cells and that this preparation can be both suitable and useful for in vitro investigations.
EFFECT OF THE THYROID GLAND ON PSEUDOCHOLINESTERASE ACTIVITY IN THE LIVER AND SERUM OF THE RAT
Authors: Leeuwin R. S. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The effect of the thyroid gland on the pseudocholinesterase activity has been investigated. Whereas in female rats the pseudocholinesterase activity is not affected by thyroidectomy, the activity in the liver and serum of male rats is significantly increased after thyroidectomy. In castrated and thyroidectomized male rats, the pseudocholinesterase activity markedly exceeds that of either the castration or the thyroidectomy level; the effects are additive and independent In female rats, thyroidectomy causes an increase of pseudocholinesterase activity in spayed animals. Administration of thyroxine is followed by a decrease in the pseudocholinesterase activity of castrated-thyroidectomized males.
It is concluded that the thyroid gland as well as the gonads control the pseudocholinesterase activity: in male rats the relatively low pseudocholinesterase activity is maintained by the combined actions of the gonads and the thyroid gland, whereas in female rats, the thyroid gland does not affect the relatively high enzyme activity induced by the ovarian oestrogens.
THYROXINE UTILIZATION IN NON-PREGNANT, STEROID-INDUCED PSEUDOPREGNANT, AND PREGNANT MONKEYS
Authors: Stolte L. , Kock H. , van Kessel H. , Kock L. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The utilization of thyroxine was studied in pregnant, non-pregnant and steroid-induced pseudopregnant rhesus monkeys. The PBI concentration in the blood serum was found to be higher during pregnancy and pseudopregnancy than in the non-pregnant state. The turn-over rate of radiothyroxine, following its intravenous injection, was found to be higher during and outside of pregnancy than during pseudopregnancy. The extra-thyroidal thyroxine pool was calculated to be more expanded during pregnancy and (probably) pseudopregnancy than in the non-pregnant state. The utilization of thyroxine per unit time proved to be smaller in the non-pregnant monkey than in the pregnant and (probably) greater than in the pseudopregnant animal. It is concluded that thyroxine utilization during pregnancy is higher than during pseudopregnancy. The increased activity of the thyroid of the pregnant monkey, as judged from the increase in thyroxine utilization, is not only caused by the high level of placental steroids that characterize this state.
THE DIAGNOSTIC VALUE OF THE EEG IN THYROTOXICOSIS
Authors: Jackson Ivor M. D. , Renfrew Stewart 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
EEGs were performed on 60 thyrotoxic and 30 euthyroid patients and the EEG records were classified as fast, normal or doubtful.
Fast EEGs were found in 67% of thyrotoxic patients and in 7% of euthyroid patients but no correlation could be found between a fast EEG and any particular aspect of the thyrotoxic state.
EEGs were repeated in 23 thyrotoxic patients when they had become euthyroid. In 15 cases the EEG had become normal but no correlation could be found betwen this and any aspect of the thyrotoxic state.
It is suggested that a fast EEG may have some diagnostic value, especially in the hands of an expert in thyroid disease.
THE EFFECTS OF ADRENALECTOMY AND HYPOPHYSECTOMY ON BILE FLOW IN THE RAT
Authors: Bauman John W. , Chang B. S. , Hall F. R. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Using a method which permits bile collection relatively free from stress or trauma, we have studied bile flow in normal and hypophysectomized rats. Hypophysectomy was found to result in a sharply reduced bile flow which was not increased by small doses of corticosterone or of deoxycorticosterone. Adrenalectomy, previously reported to have a similar effect, was found not to reduce bile flow in either of the two strains of rats studied.
STUDIES OF URINARY STEROID EXCRETION BY AN ADRENALECTOMIZED WOMAN DURING AND AFTER PREGNANCY
Authors: Harkness R. A. , Menini E. , Charles D. , Kenny F. M. , Rombaut R. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A detailed study has been made of the steroid excretion of an adrenal-ectomized woman during the last week of her pregnancy and following delivery. Cortisol production rates were also estimated in the pregnant mother and newborn child. The maternal urinary levels of oestriol, oestrone and 17β-oestradiol, and pregnanediol were markedly reduced. Little or no dehydroepiandrosterone could be found in the maternal urine. However, 11-oxygenated 17-oxosteroids and pregnanetriol were present in relatively large amounts. The results of the present investigation are consistent with previous evidence showing that there is little or no transmission of steroid sulphates from the foeto-placental unit in contrast to the relatively free passage of unconjugated steroids across the foeto-placental barrier. The course of the pregnancy was uneventful except for antepartum haemorrhage at the 36th week; the infant was normal.
THE EFFECTS OF CORTISOL ON GLYCINE AND LEUCINE INCORPORATION IN VIVO AND IN VITRO IN STRIPS OF SKELETAL RAT MUSCLE
Authors: de Loecker W. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The in vivo incorporation of glycine-U-14C into the proteins of the adductor muscles of the hind limbs of rats under influence of cortisol was studied after intraperitoneal administration of the protein precursor. Intensive cortisol treatment resulted in a reduced amino acid incorporation.
The in vitro incorporation of L-leucine-U-14C into the proteins of muscle strips prepared from the adductor muscles was stimulated by 38%, in rats previously treated with 1.0 mg cortisol per day during three days. In vitro addition of relatively low cortisol levels stimulated the in vitro incorporation of glycine-U-14C into the proteins of muscle strips by 14–30%. Higher hormonal concentrations reduced the incorporation to control levels.
It was observed that under certain conditions cortisol treatment enhanced the incorporation of labelled precursors into the proteins of skeletal muscle, stimulating protein synthesis.