bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chronic Acidosis-Induced Growth Retardation Is Mediated by Proton-Induced Expression of Gs Protein
Authors: Goldberg Ruth , Reshef-Bankai Ella , Coleman Raymond , Green Jacob , Maor Gila 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
The etiology of skeletal growth retardation accompanying metabolic acidosis is not clear. Using ex vivo models for endochondral ossification, we showed that the cAMP/PKA pathway, probably triggered by proton sensitive G-protein–coupled receptors, is responsible for impaired skeletal growth in acidosis.
Introduction: Chronic metabolic acidosis (CMA) is very often accompanied by skeletal growth retardation. We have previously shown in an ex vivo model of endochondral ossification that murine mandibular condyles subjected to acidic conditions exhibit growth retardation accompanied by a decline of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and its receptors. PTH-induced ameliorative effects on the CMA-induced growth retardation of the mandibular condyle are partially mediated by protein kinase C (PKC). In this study we explored the mechanisms underlying the acidosis-induced growth retardation; in particular, the involvement of the cyclic adenosine monophosphate/protein kinase A (cAMP/PKA) cellular pathway in the process.
Materials and Methods: Mandibular condyles from neonatal mice or mandibular condyle derived chondrocytes (MCDCs) were incubated for 3 days under either control or acidic conditions or in the presence of cAMP-regulating factors (cAMPrf) such as forskolin, iso-butyl methyl xanthine (IBMX), or 8-Br cAMP. The effects on proliferation and differentiation of the cultures as well as on phosphorylation of cAMP responsive element binding protein (CREB) and increased expression of the α subunit, Gs were determined. The intracellular pH was detected using the acridine orange assay.
Results: Our results show that, under acidic conditions, PKA levels were increased. H89 abolished the adverse effects of acidosis on condylar development and restored IGF-I and IGF-I receptors (IGF-IR) levels. The inhibitory effects of acidosis on proliferation and differentiation of cartilaginous cells were mimicked by cAMPrf. We have also shown that acidosis stimulates activation of Gs trimeric protein and CREB phosphorylation. GDPβS—a Gs antagonist—abolished the acidosis-induced condylar growth arrest. Using an acridine orange assay, we showed that the intracellular environment is not acidified under acidic conditions.
Conclusions: Our results indicate that the adverse effects of acidosis on skeletal growth centers are mediated at least in part by the cAMP/PKA cellular pathway. We speculate that high proton concentrations exerted by acidosis conditions stimulate proton sensitive G-protein–coupled receptors, which are mediated by the cellular cAMP/PKA pathway and induce skeletal growth retardation.
Long-Term Dynamics of U.S. Atlantic Sea Scallop Placopecten magellanicus Populations
Authors: Hart Deborah R. , Rago Paul J. 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
Biomass and commercial catch rates of Atlantic sea scallops Placopecten magellanicus in the USA generally declined from the 1960s through the mid-1990s as fishing mortality increased. Sporadic large recruitment events temporarily increased landings but also encouraged higher overall fishing effort and thereby contributed to the long-term declines in resource abundance. In 1994, a number of new management measures were introduced, including a moratorium on new permits, limitations on days at sea, gear and crew restrictions, and year-round closed areas. During 1994–2005, the biomass of sea scallops in the U.S. sector of Georges Bank increased by a factor of about 18, while the biomass of sea scallops in the Middle Atlantic Bight increased by about eight times. These increases were primarily due to the area closures. Biomass in the Georges Bank closed areas was 25 times higher in 2005 than in 1994, and the 2005 level constituted over 80% of the biomass in the U.S. portion of Georges Bank. Substantial increases in sea scallop abundance and biomass also occurred in two of the three areas in the Middle Atlantic Bight that were closed rotationally to sea scallop fishing for 3 years. Mean recruitment on Georges Bank did not significantly increase since the closures there, but very strong recruitment has been observed downstream of one of the mid-Atlantic rotational closures. In the open areas, responses to effort reduction measures were minimal until 1999, but biomass, commercial catch rates, and landings substantially increased during 1999–2005 due to effort controls and increased recruitment in the Middle Atlantic Bight. The recovery of U.S. sea scallop populations demonstrates that the combination of effort controls and area management can rapidly rebuild severely depleted fisheries.
Production of TH1 and TH2 Cell Lines and Clones
Authors: Fitch Frank W. , Gajewski Thomas F. , Hu‐Li Jane 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThis unit describes protocols for the generation of polyclonal TH1 and TH2 cell lines from naive CD4+ T cells as well as for generation of antigen‐specific cell lines from TCR‐transgenic mice and antigen‐specific T cell clones from primed mice. Also described are methods for the preparation and maintenance of alloreactive murine helper T (TH) lymphocyte and cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) clones using the limiting dilution technique, as well as derivation of TH clones reactive with soluble protein antigens, including a method for the selection of either TH1 or TH2 lymphocyte subsets. These two subsets of TH cells exhibit helper function in different ways and can be distinguished by the patterns of cytokines they synthesize. Support protocols describe a micromanipulation method for cloning T cells and a roadmap for using protocols published elsewhere in this series to assess cytokine production by T cell clones and lines.
Multiplex PCR for Identifying DMD Gene Deletions
Authors: den Dunnen Johan T. , Beggs Alan H. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThe identification of dystrophin as the defective protein in patients with Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophies (DMD and BMD) has allowed the development of sensitive and specific tests to establish a diagnosis and to aid in genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis. The Basic Protocol describes three complementary multiplex PCR assays that detect 26 dystrophin gene exons. The multiplex nature of these assays allows the detection of up to ten different exons in a single reaction. At least one of these exons is missing in >95% of deletions. The Support Protocol describes preparation and storage of stock PCR reaction mixes with primers for each of the three diagnostic assays. The Alternate Protocol is a modification of the Basic Protocol for radioactive detection of duplications in males and deletions in carrier females.
Die neue Tonhalle Düsseldorf – Beratung einer akustischen Quadratur des Kreises
Authors: Lorenz‐Kierakiewitz Klaus‐Hendrik , Vercammen Martijn 
Published: May 2006

AbstractIn diesem Aufsatz wird ein Überblick über die mannigfaltigen Facetten einer nichtalltäglichen raumakustischen Beratung gegeben: der kompletten Modernisierung der aufgrund Ihrer Form echobehafteten Tonhalle Düsseldorf, welche nach intensiver Planung und Beratung am 4. November 2005 mit großem Erfolg neu eröffnet werden konnte. Durch umfangreiche Labormessungen in einem akustischen Maßstabsmodell, einem reflexionsarmen Raum und einem Hallraum konnten hierzu spezielle Reflektorgeometrien, akustisch transparente Metallgewebe, eine minimal absorbierende Bestuhlung und nahezu geräuschlose architektonische Beleuchtungskörper entwickelt werden, womit nicht nur das frühere Echoproblem gelöst, sondern auch ein State of the Art‐Konzertsaal mit hervorragender Akustik und beeindruckender Optik gebaut werden konnte. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Mixed Crystals in the System Cu2MnGexSn1‐xS4: Phase Analytical Investigations and Inspection of Tetrahedra Volumes.
Authors: Bernert Thomas , Zabel Manfred , Pfitzner Arno 
Published: May 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
The Volume‐Based Thermodynamics (VBT) and Attempted Preparation of an Isomeric Salt, Nitryl Chlorate: [NO2][ClO3].
Authors: Bhasin Kuldip K. , Crawford Margaret‐Jane , Jenkins H. Donald Brooke , Klapoetke Thomas M. , Liebman Joel F. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Ga3(HPO3)4F4(H3DETA) (DETA: Diethylenetriamine): A New Open‐Framework Fluorinated Gallium Phosphite with Pentameric Building Unit.
Authors: Wang Li , Song Tianyou , Fan Yong , Wang Ying , Xu Jianing , Shi Suhua , Zhu Tao 
Published: May 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Bismuth‐Catalyzed Intermolecular Hydroamination of 1,3‐Dienes with Carbamates, Sulfonamides, and Carboxamides.
Authors: Qin Hongbo , Yamagiwa Noriyuki , Matsunaga Shigeki , Shibasaki Masakatsu 
Published: May 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
One‐Pot Reductive Amination of Aldehydes and Ketones Using N‐Methylpiperidine Zinc Borohydride (ZBNMPP) as a New Reducing Agent.
Authors: Alinezhad Heshmatollah , Tajbakhsh Mahmoud , Zamani Reza 
Published: May 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
An N‐Heterocyclic Carbene as a Nucleophilic Catalyst for Cyanosilylation of Aldehydes.
Authors: Fukuda Yoshimasa , Maeda Yuka , Ishii Satoru , Kondo Kazuhiro , Aoyama Toyohiko 
Published: May 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Difluorocarbene Chemistry: Synthesis of gem‐Difluorocyclopropenyl Ketones and gem‐Difluorinated Dihydrofurans.
Authors: Cheng Zhan‐Ling , Chen Qing‐Yun 
Published: May 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Palladium(II)‐Catalyzed Aerobic Dialkoxylation of Styrenes: A Profound Influence of an o‐Phenol.
Authors: Schultz Mitchell J. , Sigman Matthew S. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Hydroxycarbonylation of Aryl and Vinyl Triflates by in situ Generated Carbon Monoxide under Microwave Irradiation.
Authors: Lesma Giordano , Sacchetti Alessandro , Silvani Alessandra 
Published: May 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Metallophosphite‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Acylation of α,β‐Unsaturated Amides.
Authors: Nahm Mary R. , Potnick Justin R. , White Peter S. , Johnson Jeffrey S. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Donor‐Substituted 1,1,4,4‐Tetracyanobutadienes (TCBDs): New Chromophores with Efficient Intramolecular Charge‐Transfer Interactions by Atom‐Economic Synthesis.
Authors: Michinobu Tsuyoshi , Boudon Corinne , Gisselbrecht Jean‐Paul , Seiler Paul , Frank Brian , Moonen Nicolle N. P. , Gross Maurice , Diederich Francois 
Published: May 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Reactions of Carbanions Derived from α‐Substituted Methyl Tolyl Sulfones with Quinone Methides as Michael Acceptors.
Authors: Groszek Grazyna , Blazej Sylwia , Brud Aneta , Swierczynski Dariusz , Lemek Tadeusz 
Published: May 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Activation of Carboxylic Acids by Burgess Reagent: An Efficient Route to Acyl Ureas and Amides.
Authors: Wodka Derek , Robbins Michael , Lan Ping , Martinez Rogelio L. , Athanasopoulos John , Makara Gergely M. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Ceric(IV)‐Mediated Reaction of Methylenecyclopropanes in Organic Synthesis: A Facile Access to Dihydrofurans and Cyclobutanones.
Authors: Chen Wanli , Huang Xian , Zhou Hongwei , Ren Lianjun 
Published: May 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Scope and Mechanism of the Pd(II)‐Catalyzed Arylation/Carboalkoxylation of Unactivated Olefins with Indoles.
Authors: Liu Cong , Widenhoefer Ross A. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Facile Generation of a Library of 5‐Aryl‐2‐arylsulfonyl‐1,3‐thiazoles.
Authors: Sheldrake Peter W. , Matteucci Mizio , McDonald Edward 
Published: May 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Highly Regioselective DABCO‐Catalyzed Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution (SNAr) Reaction of Methyl 2,6‐Dichloronicotinate with Phenols.
Authors: Shi Yao‐Jun , Humphrey Guy , Maligres Peter E. , Reamer Robert A. , Williams J. Michael 
Published: May 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Arylation and Heteroarylation of Azolopyrimidines.
Authors: Mendiola Javier , Castellote Isabel , Alvarez‐Builla Julio , Fernandez‐Gadea Javier , Gomez Antonio , Vaquero Juan J. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Modelling Heterogeneous Photocatalysis by Metal‐Oxide Nanostructured Semiconductor and Insulator Materials: Factors That Affect the Activity and Selectivity of Photocatalysts
Authors: Serpone N. , Emeline A. V. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Intermolecular and Intramolecular Transamidation Reactions
Authors: Gonzalez‐Rosende M. Eugenia , Castillo Encarna , Lasri Jamal , Sepulveda‐Arques Jose 
Published: May 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Chemical Constituents of Plants from the Genus Inula
Authors: Zhao Yong‐Ming , Zhang Man‐Li , Shi Qing‐Wen , Kiyota Hiromasa 
Published: May 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
New Interesting Molecular Topologies by Way of Modern Cross‐Coupling Reactions
Authors: de Meijere Armin , Stulgies Baldur , Albrecht Karsten , Rauch Karsten , Wegner Hermann A. , Hopf Henning , Scott Lawrence T. , Eshdat Lior , Aprahamian Ivan , Rabinovitz Mordecai 
Published: May 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Cell morphology and circuitry in the central lobes of the mormyrid cerebellum
Authors: Han Victor Z. , Meek Johannes , Campbell Holly R. , Bell Curtis C. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThe cerebellum of mormyrid electric fish is large and unusually regular in its histological structure. We have examined the morphology of cellular elements in the central lobes of the mormyrid cerebellum. We have used intracellular injection of biocytin to determine the morphology of cells with somas in the cortex, and we have used extracellular placement of anterograde tracers in the inferior olive to label climbing fibers. Our results confirm previous Golgi studies and extend them by providing a more complete description of axonal trajectories. Most Purkinje cells in mormyrids and other actinopterygian fishes are interneurons that terminate locally in the cortex on efferent neurons that are equivalent to cerebellar nucleus cells in mammals. We confirm the markedly sagittal distribution of the fan‐like dendrites of Purkinje cells, efferent cells, and molecular layer interneurons. We show that Purkinje cell axons extend further than was previously thought in the sagittal plane. We show that climbing fibers are distributed in narrow sagittal strips and that these fibers terminate exclusively in the ganglionic layer below the molecular layer where parallel fibers terminate. Our results together with those of others show that the central lobes of the mormyrid cerebellum, similar to the mammalian cerebellum, are composed of sagittally oriented modules made up of Purkinje cells, climbing fibers, molecular layer interneurons, and cerebellar efferent cells (cerebellar nucleus cells in mammals) that Purkinje cells inhibit. This modular organization is more apparent and more sharply defined in the mormyrid than in the mammal. J. Comp. Neurol. 497:309–325, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A study of the rat neuropeptide B/neuropeptide W system using in situ techniques
Authors: Jackson Valerie R. , Lin Steven H. , Wang Zhiwei , Nothacker Hans‐Peter , Civelli Olivier 
Published: May 2006

AbstractIn the rat, the neuropeptide B/neuropeptide W (NPB/NPW) system is composed of two ligands, neuropeptide B (NPB) and neuropeptide W (NPW), and one receptor, GPR7. Although preliminary analyses show roles in feeding, hormone secretion, and analgesia, the lack of a detailed anatomical map impairs our understanding of the NPB/NPW system. We demonstrate in this report the expression patterns of GPR7, NPB, and NPW precursor messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) in the rat brain by using in situ hybridization and in situ binding experiments. The amygdala expresses the highest levels of GPR7 mRNA and binding signals. Other nuclei with high levels of expression and binding are the suprachiasmatic and the ventral tuberomamillary nuclei. Moderate levels are seen in the dorsal endopiriform, dorsal tenia tecta, bed nucleus, and the red nucleus. Low levels are in the olfactory bulb, parastrial nucleus, hypothalamus, laterodorsal tegmentum, superior colliculus, locus coeruleus, and the nucleus of the solitary tract. Although the NPB precursor is mostly expressed at low levels in the brain, moderate expression is seen in anterior olfactory nucleus, piriform cortex, median preoptic nucleus, basolateral amygdala, hippocampus, medial tuberal nucleus, substantia nigra, dorsal raphe nucleus, Edinger‐Westphal nucleus, and the locus coeruleus. To our surprise, the expression of NPW precursor was not detected. Our study greatly expands the preliminary in situ data previously reported. With this map of the NPB/NPW system in the rat brain, a better understanding of the functional implications of the system in various behavioral paradigms is now possible. J. Comp. Neurol. 497:367–383, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mapping of notch activation during cochlear development in mice: Implications for determination of prosensory domain and cell fate diversification
Authors: Murata Junko , Tokunaga Akinori , Okano Hideyuki , Kubo Takeshi 
Published: May 2006

AbstractRecent chick experiments have shown that Notch signaling plays context‐dependent distinct roles in inner ear development: initially, Notch activity confers a prosensory character on groups of cells by “lateral induction”; subsequently, it is involved in the establishment of fine‐graded patterns of hair cells and supporting cells by “lateral inhibition.” However, the spatiotemporal pattern of Notch activation in situ during mammalian inner ear development has not been investigated. In this study, we detected the expression patterns of the activated form of Notch1 (actN1) as well as those of endogenous Notch1, Jagged1 (Jag1), and Math1. ActN1 was detected by immunohistochemistry using an antibody that specifically recognizes the processed form of the intracellular domain of Notch1 cleaved by presenilin/γ‐secretase activity. Between embryonic days (E)12.5 and E14.5, actN1 was weakly detected mainly in the medial region of cochlear epithelium, where Jag1‐immunoreactivivty (IR) was also observed. Jag1‐IR gradually became stronger in a more sharply defined area, finally becoming localized in supporting cells, while actN1 was detected in an overlapping area. Thus, a positive feedback loop was assumed to exist between the expression of Jag1 and actN1. In addition, actN1 started to be strongly expressed in the cells surrounding Math1‐positive hair cell progenitors between E14.5 and E15.5. Strong actN1‐IR continued in both a supporting cell lineage and in the greater epithelial ridge during the perinatal stage but ended by P7, suggesting that Notch1 activation may initially demarcate a prosensory region in the cochlear epithelium and then inhibit progenitor cells from becoming hair cells via classical “lateral inhibition.” J. Comp. Neurol. 497:502–518, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Capillary Melt Method for Micro Antimony Oxide pH Electrode
Authors: Ha Yang , Wang Min 
Published: May 2006

AbstractIn this work, a new approach named “capillary melt method” was developed to fabricate micro antimony wires, and the wire surface was then oxidized in a nitrate melt at high temperature to obtain an antimony/antimony oxide pH electrode. Characterization results show that the oxide layer on the wire surface is porous, and consists of Sb2O3 crystal phase. The pH electrode, made using this method, showed good sensing performance in buffer solutions in the tested pH range of 2–12. Its EMF signal was found to have a linear relationship with pH value of the solution, with a sensitivity of 54.1 mV/pH and a fitting correlation coefficient of R2=1.00. The advantages of the electrode are long‐term stability, fast response, reproducibility and low cost.