bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immunotherapy of murine leukemia. XI. Differential susceptibility of spleen cells from serum‐protected mice to the in vitro immunosuppressive effects of friend leukemia virus‐infected splenocytes
Authors: Pettey Carolyn L. , Collins Jeffrey J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIt has previously been shown that DBA/2 mice protected against the development of Friend leukemia virus (FLV)4‐induced disease by the passive administration of heterologous antisera directed against disrupted virions or the major viral envelope glycoprotein (gp71) fail to undergo the generalized immunosuppression which characterizes FLV leukemogenesis. In the present studies, the susceptibility of spleen cells from serum‐protected mice to the immunosuppressive effects of FLV‐infected spleen cells has been examined by means of in vitro assays of antibody production and of natural killing (NK). In contrast to the parallel suppression of both functions in FLV‐infected mice and their lack of suppression in serum‐protected animals, a dichotomy was observed in the in vitro susceptibility of these activities of spleen cells from serum‐protected mice to the suppressive effects of virus‐infected splenocytes, implying that more than one mechanism of suppression is operative. Thus, the antibody‐producing capability of serum‐protected splenocytes was not suppressed by FLV‐infected spleen cells, this suppression reflecting the activity of infectious virus, while the NK effector function of serum‐protected spleen cells was as susceptible as that of normal splenocytes to suppression by virus‐infected spleen cells. This suppression of NK activity is mediated by virus‐induced suppressor cells and does not involve free infectious virus, in contrast to suppression of antibody production. These results thus indicate that, while serum therapy inhibits the development of the virus‐induced NK suppressor cells found in the spleens of progressively infected mice, splenic NK effectors, which are present, demonstrate full susceptibility to the suppressive effects of such independently generated virus‐induced suppressor cells. Preliminary attempts at characterizing these NK suppressors in the spleens of FLV‐infected mice indicate that they are not eliminated by treatment with antisera directed against T cells, B cells, macrophages or FLV gp71. However, Percoll fractionation of spleen cells from infected mice has revealed the presence of an expanded (as compared to normal spleen cells) population of cells of density 1.077 which demonstrates high in vitro NK suppressor activity, presumably representing the virus‐induced suppressor cells measured in this assay. At the present time, the mechanism of the resistance of serum‐protected spleen cells' antibody production to suppression by FLV‐infected splenocytes (i.e., by FLV itself) remains undefined.
Red blood cell polyamines in mice bearing the lewis lung carcinoma (3ll) and in patients with bronchopulmonary cancers
Authors: Moulinoux Jacques‐Philippe , Quemener Véronique , Larzul Jean‐Jacques , Calve Michèle Le , Roch Anne‐Marie , Toujas Louis , Quash Gérard 
Published: February 2007

Abstract(I) Experimentally, during Lewis lung carcinoma (3LL) growth, the red blood cell (RBC) polyamine levels increase with tumor volume and are inversely correlated to tumoral concentrations of spermidine and spermine. The RBC level of spermidine is continually correlated to both the volume and the tumoral concentration of this polyamine. (2) Clinically, high levels of RBC polyamine are observed in cases of squamous‐cell carcinoma or anaplastic cancer, and not in cases of adenocarcinoma. (3) RBC polyamine levels only permit the establishment of statistical differences between groups of patients. (4) Therefore, clinical use of these molecules as tumor markers depends on an understanding of polyamine distribution within blood.
Characterization of plasminogen activators from normal human breast and colon and from breast and colon carcinomas
Authors: Tissot Jean‐Daniel , Hauert Jacques , Bachmann Fedor 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTriton X‐100 and NaSCN extracts of 18 normal breast and colon tissues and of 20 breast and colon carcinomas were fractionated by SDS‐PAGE and plasminogen activators (PA) revealed by a zymographic method. Four different lysis bands, corresponding to MWs of 54,000, 68,000, 95,000 and 110,000 were observed. Using immunoadsorption with specific antisera against urokinase (UK) and tissue PA (t‐PA), we found that all normal tissue extracts contained free t‐PA (68 kd). Some of these revealed, in addition, a complex (110 kd) of t‐PA with a 40‐kd component. The latter presumably represents the fastacting specific inhibitor of t‐PA and UK. Most carcinoma extracts contained, in addition to the two t‐PA‐related lysis bands, the UK‐related 54 kd PA, and some a 95 kd complex of UK with the 40 kd component For each extractant, mean total fibrinolytic activity of normal and tumor tissue was comparable when measured on conventional fibrin plates, but breast and colon carcinomas contained higher concentrations of UK‐related PA. PA activity was higher in normal and carcinoma NaSCN extracts than in the corresponding Triton X‐100 extracts. In general, Triton X‐100 but not NaSCN extracts of malignant tissue contained a high concentration of fibrinolytic inhibitors. Mixing experiments revealed that the inhibitory activity was mainly directed against UK. It was abolished by acidification of the carcinoma extracts. The anti‐UK inhibitory activity was absent in extracts of normal breast or colon and appears to be different from the 40 kd fast‐acting PA inhibitor. These studies show that malignant transformation of breast and colon is accompanied by important changes of the production of a UK‐related PA and of an inhibitory activity directed against UK.
Schistosoma japonicum and colorectal cancer: An epidemiological study in the people's republic of China
Authors: Xu Zhong , Su De‐Long 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPrevalence of infestation with Schistosoma japonicum was highly correlated with mortality from colorectal cancer in 89 communes in four counties of Jiangsu province, China (rank correlation coefficient = 0.68) in 1973‐75, and with incidence of colorectal cancer in 24 communes of Haining county, Zhejiang province in 1977‐79. No similar correlations were seen with lung cancer. The presence or absence of a past history of schistosomiasis was ascertained from 154 patients with cancer of the rectum, 98 patients with cancer of the colon and two sets of individually matched control patients. One set consisted of patients with non‐gastrointestinal cancer and the other of near neighbours of the colorectal cancer patients. In patients with a history of schistosomiasis, relative risk of rectal cancer was 8.3 (95% confidence interval 3.1 to 22.6) when other cancer patients were used as controls and 4.5 (95% confidence interval 1.7 to 12.1) with neighbourhood controls. Relative risk of colon cancer was not significantly increased (1.20 with 95% confidence interval 0.48 to 3.18 in a matched triplet analysis) in association with schistosomiasis.
Dietary vitamin A and the risk of invasive cervical cancer
Authors: Vecchia Carlo La , Franceschi Silvia , Decarli Adriano , Gentile Antonella , Fasoli Monica , Pampallona Sandro , Tognoni Gianni 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe relation between dietary vitamin A and the risk of invasive cervical cancer was evaluated using data from a hospital‐based case‐control study of 191 women with cervical cancer and 191 age‐matched controls. There was no association between dietary retinoids and cervical cancer risk. Intake of dietary beta‐carotene, on the other hand, was inversely and strongly related to the risk of cervical cancer. Compared to risks for women reporting a monthly intake of 150,00 or more international units (IU) of betacarotene, the estimated relative risks for those with 100,000 to 149,000 and those with less than 100,000 IU per month were 2.8 and 6.1 respectively. The inverse association was not explained by any of the major identified risk factors for cervical cancer (including indicators of socioeconomic status or sexual habits), or by differences in general characteristics and other lifestyle habits between cases and controls. Thus, although the uncertainties of the vitamin A measurements used are substantial, these findings support the hypothesis that dietary beta‐carotene ‐ or some related aspect of a vegetable‐rich diet‐is protective against invasive cervical cancer.
Hyperprolactinemia is an indicator of progressive disease and poor prognosis in advanced breast cancer
Authors: Holtkamp Wilhelm , Nagel Gerd Arno , Wander Hans‐Erik , Rauschecker Helmut Franz , Heyden Dorit Von 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn a long‐term follow‐up study, prolactin levels were measured in 149 patients with advanced metastatic breast cancer. Control groups included 221 patients with primary operable breast cancer and 150 women with benign breast disease. Hyperprolactinemia (>1,000 mlU/l; HYPRL) occurs in 44% of patients with metastatic breast cancer in the course of the disease (p<0.001 compared to patients with non‐metastatic disease). HYPRL is associated with progressive breast cancer in 88% of cases. In patients experiencing several episodes of disease remission and relapse, incidence of HYPRL increases with each relapse. Prolactin blood levels return to normal if hyperprolactinemic patients experience remission after chemotherapy. Patients expressing HYPRL have a shorter survival time after mastectomy when compared to patients who never developed HYPRL (154/89 months, p= 0.01). It is concluded that HYPRL is of prognostic significance and a reliable indicator of progressive disease in advanced metastatic breast cancer.
Susceptibility of skin fibroblasts from individuals genetically predisposed to cancer, to transformation by the tumour promoter 12‐o‐tetradecanoylphorbol‐13‐acetate
Authors: Gainer H. St. C. , Schor S. , Kinsella A. R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSkin fibroblasts from patients with hereditary retinoblastoma (RB) and familial polyposis coli (FPC) were chosen for study since their predisposition to the tumour may be due to an inherited “initiation” event which is present in every cell. Thus, it might be predicted that skin fibroblasts from these patients would exhibit increased susceptibility to in vitro transformation by tumour promoters alone. In the case of skin fibroblasts from RB patients, transformation as assessed by the ability of the cells to grow in semisolid medium and their migration in collagen gels did not occur. However, experiments involving skin fibroblasts from FPC patients showed certain of these cells to grow in semi‐solid medium following treatment with the tumour promoter 12‐O‐tetradecanoylphorbol‐13‐acetate (TPA) alone, although the pattern of migration of the parent cell population in collagen gels was unchanged and they were non‐tumorigenic in nude mice. The clones which grew in semi‐solid medium, although stable with regard to anchorage‐independent growth, were also unaltered in terms of their migration pattern in collagen gels and their tumorigenicity in nude mice, and were considered not to be completely transformed. Parallel cytogenetic analysis showed that, during the course of these transformation studies, TPA significantly increased not only tetraploidy but also the chromosome aberration frequency. Several quadriradial figures were noted.
Biologic and biochemical differences between in vitro and in vivo passaged friend erythroleukemia cells. I. Tumorigenicity and capacity to metastasize
Authors: Belardelli F. , Ferrantini M. , Maury C. , Santurbano L. , Gresser I. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractCloned interferon‐sensitive (745) and interferon‐resistant (3CI‐8) Friend erythroleukemia cells (FLC) passaged in vitro, are not very tumorigenic when first injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) into syngeneic DBA/2 mice although they do form solid tumors when injected subcutaneously (s.c.). By serially passaging FLC (either 745 or 3CI‐8 cells) i.p. in DBA/2 mice, we obtained two different FLC lines capable of growing i.p. and inducing tumor ascites. The s.c. injection of DBA/2 mice with these in vivo passaged FLC resulted in tumor metastases in the liver and spleen, whereas metastases were not observed in mice inoculated s.c. with in vitro passaged FLC. The capacity of in vivo passaged FLC to metastasize was acquired after several i.p. passages. This highly malignant behavior was a stable characteristic of these cells. All the clones derived from in vivo passaged FLC and passaged more than 14 times in vitro induced hemorrhagic ascites when injected i.p., and metastasized to the liver and spleen when injected s.c. The phenotype of sensitivity or resistance to the inhibitory effect of alpha/beta mouse interferon on virus replication and cell multiplication was conserved during serial i.p. passages and maintained in the clones derived from in vivo passaged cells. These FLC showed a decreased capacity to differentiate in vitroupon treatment with dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and a reduced production of Friend leukemia virus with respect to the original clones passaged in vitro.
Studies of the invasiveness of the chemically induced mouse sarcoma FS9. I. monoclonal antibodies to a 37,000 dalton membrane glycoprotein inhibit invasion of fibroblasts in vitro
Authors: Steinemann Claudia , Fenner Martin , Parish Roger W. , Binz Hans 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMonoclonal antibodies against the mouse sarcoma FS9 were prepared. Antibodies recognizing a 37,000 dalton gly‐coprotein on FS9 tumor cells inhibit invasion by FS9 sarcoma cells of chicken heart fibroblasts in vitro as assessed by Abercrombie's confronted explant assay. Antibodies to other membrane proteins of FS9 tumor cells failed to inhibit invasiveness of FS9 sarcoma cells. The 37,000 dalton glycoprotein, which is neither a histocompatibility antigen nor a gp37 glycoprotein of Rous sarcoma virus nor the MEP described by Gottesman, is present on the surface and in the cytoplasm of FS9 sarcoma cells. The plasma membrane of the non‐invasive mouse cell line L929 contains only low concentrations of the 37,000 dalton antigen. Hence, a relationship apparently exists between the increased concentration of this protein on the surface of FS9 cells and their invasiveness.
Treatment of intravenously implanted lewis lung carcinoma with liposome‐encapsulated cytosine arabinoside and non‐specific immunotherapy
Authors: Patel Kanaiyalal R. , Baldeschwieler John D. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractLiposomes have been used as biological carriers of anti‐tumor drugs, and their potential use has been tested using various mouse tumors. In this study, we describe a potential role of liposome‐encapsulated 1‐β‐D‐arabinofuranosyl‐cytosine (Ara‐C) with a mouse solid lung tumor model. Non‐encapsulated Ara‐C at 25 mg/kg dose by the intraperitoneal (i.p.) route on days 1, 4 and 7 had no improving effect on the average survival time of tumor‐bearing mice compared to untreated control mice. However, the same dose of Ara‐C encapsulated in multilamellar liposomes (MLV) improved the average survival of tumor‐bearing mice by 60 to 80%. Ara‐C was encapsulated more efficiently when DSPC or DPPC MLV were prepared at temperatures below their respective transition temperatures. DSPC and DPPC MLV prepared at 25°C and DPPC MLV prepared at 50°C were equally effective for in vivo therapy, while DSPC MLV prepared at 60°C were not as effective. Non‐specific immunotherapy using BCG (Bacillus Calmette‐Guérin, Mycobacterium tuberculosis) and CP (Corynebacterium parvum) was effective, particularly when injected by the intravenous (i.v.) route, in prolonging the average survival of tumor‐bearing mice. A combination of either i.v. BCG or i.p. CP with liposome therapy gave no further improvement in the average survival of tumor‐bearing mice. However, a combination of either i.p. BCG od i.v. CP with liposome therapy was somewhat more effective than either liposome therapy or immunotherapy alone.
Relationship of a novel extracellular matrix glycoprotein to cell detachment in highly metastatic B16 melanoma: Modulating effect of bromodeoxyuridine
Authors: Rieber Manuel , Rieber Mary S. , Urbina Cecilia , Lira Renée 
Published: February 2007

AbstractGrowth of highly invasive B16 melanoma BL6 cells with bromodeoxyuridine (BUdR) decreases in vitro cell detachment and modulates extrapulmonary growth in vivo. We now show: (1) The presence of an 80 kd glycoprotein in the Triton‐insoluble matrix of control BL6 cells but not in the corresponding fractions from BUdR‐treated BL6 cells and poorly metastatic Flr cells. (2) The matrix fractions from the two last mentioned cells reveal Triton‐insoluble glycoproteins of about 55‐58 kd. (3) Mild trypsin treatment of intact cells before matrix preparation leads to the preferential disappearance of the 80 kd component from control BL6 matrix, suggesting its extracellular localization. (4) Prevention of Triton‐mediated BL6 matrix detachment by zinc chloride pretreatment, and analysis of different BL6 clones with significant metastatic behavior, also revealed the presence of 80‐90 kd matrix‐associated glycoproteins in control but not in corresponding BUdR‐grown cultures. Since BUdR decreases cell detachment, extrapulmonary metastasis and the levels of the 80‐90 kd Triton‐insoluble glycoprotein species in metastatic B16 melanoma, and this matrix component is also decreased in poorly metastatic Flr cells, we propose an involvement of this glycoconjugate in tumor cell detachment and metastatic behavior.
Correlation between tumorigenicity and altered glycosylation of a “leukocyte common” antigen in human lymphoid cell lines
Authors: Deane David L. , Cohen Brian B. , Morton John E. , Steel C. Michael 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFive human lymphoblastoid cell lines which have become tumorigenic, as judged by transplantability into immunosuppressed mice, have been compared with earlier, non‐tumorigenic stocks of the same cultures, recovered from liquid nitrogen. Analysis of the cell surface glycoproteins by SDS‐PAGE, electro‐transfer to cellulose nitrate and “blotting” with radioiodinated lectins, reveals an increase in the molecular weight of one band from around 190 kd to 220 kd, in each case coinciding with the acquisition of the tumorigenic phenotype. Probing the electrotransfers with a monoclonal antibody demonstrates that the altered glycoprotein is a member of the “leukocyte common antigen” family. The increase in molecular weight is due to the addition of carbohydrate residues which are removed by treatment with neuraminidase and endoglycosidase. Screening a larger number of lymphoid cell lines, including those derived from Burkitt's lymphoma, shows an excellent correlation between tumorigenicity and altered molecular weight of a leukocyte common antigen.
Pregnancy‐associated glycoprotein (α2‐pag) ‐ A possible marker in breast cancer?
Authors: Wilking Nils , Carlström Kjell , Gustafsson Sven A. , Karnström Leif , Schoultz Bo Von 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSerum levels of pregnancy‐associated α‐glycoprotein (α2‐PAG) and estradiol‐17β (E2) and the estrogen receptor content (ER) in the tumor cytosol were measured in 174 women aged 24 to 94 years with primary breast cancer and the values were related to patient age, tumor size and clinical stage. While E2, levels were significantly lower and ER values significantly higher in older women, no significant correlation was found between α‐PAG on one hand and the patients' age, E2, or ER values or tumor size on the other. A significant positive correlation (p= 0.016, Pearson correlation test) was found between α2‐PAG values and the clinical stage of the tumor. The results suggest the possible use of α2‐PAG as a marker for the monitoring of disseminated breast cancer during systemic therapy.
Monocyte activation in patients with Hodgkin's disease
Authors: Kávai Maria , Berßnyi Ernö , Zsindely Attila , Szegedi Gyula , Fésüs Läszlö 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTransglutaminase activity in monocytes and serum lysozyme level were tested in 40 patients with Hodgkin's disease and were found to be significantly increased. Transglutaminase activity in monocytes from patients in a clinicaly active stage of the disease was higher than in clinically inactive cases of HD, and varied along with the histological subtypes. Serum lysozyme varied with the stage of the disease and with the symptomatology as well as with the histological subtype. The enzyme activities were higher before any treatment than after. A parallel increase of transglutaminase activity in monocytes and of serum lysozyme level suggests an elevated activity of the mononuclear phagocyte system in Hodgkin's disease.
Cytolytic activity of interferon‐gamma and its synergism with 5‐fluorouracil
Authors: Le Junming , Yip Yum K. , Vilček Jan 
Published: February 2007

AbstractHighly purified natural or recombinant human immune interferon (IFN‐gamma) was found to be directly cytolytic to certain tumor cell lines in vitro. Out of 5 human tumor cell lines and one normal fibroblast line tested, the colon adenocarcinoma line HT‐29 and the rhabdomyosarcoma line A673 were highly sensitive to cytolysis by interferon, as determined by 125I‐iododeoxyuridine release in a 72 h microcytotoxicity assay. Cytolysis was marked at IFN‐gamma concentrations of less than I U/ml, and it reached a near‐maximal level at 6.4 U/ml. A synergistic cytolysis on HT‐29 cells of IFN‐gamma and 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) was observed at 5‐FU concentrations ranging from 64 to 640 μgl ml. In contrast, no synergism was observed between IFN‐gamma and mitomycin C. The direct cytolytic activity and synergistic cytolysis with 5‐FU of the IFN‐gamma preparations used in the present study were abolished completely by treatment with a neutralizing monoclonal antibody specific for human IFN‐gamma.
Natural antibodies to human T‐cell leukemia/lymphoma virus in healthy venezuelan populations
Authors: Merino Fernando , Robert‐Guroff Marjorie , Clark Jeffrey , Biondo‐Bracho Marilena , Blattner William A. , Gallo Robert C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSerum samples of 769 healthy Venezuelan donors were assayed for natural antibodies to HTLV‐I by the ELISA technique. Specific HTLV‐I antibody prevalence was 6.8% but varied from 1% in Caracas to 13.7% in the Amazonas region and the State of Zulia. Adults infected with Trypanosoma cruzi had the highest HTLV‐I antibody prevalence of 15%. Areas of high antibody prevalence were correlated most strongly with the presence of arthropodborne diseases and to a lesser extent with socio‐economic factors. Genetic factors were not correlated with antibody prevalence. Antibodies were seen in children as young as 3 years of age in the most endemic areas. Antibody titers increased with age, suggesting continuous exposure to the virus. The data provide clues for elucidation of the geographic variation in HTLV‐I antibody prevalence seen Venezuela and other HTLV‐I endemic areas. In addition, they further confirm the Caribbean region as being endemic for HTLV‐I and extend this region to inland areas of South America.