bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of four drug combinations for total intravenous anesthesia of horses undergoing surgical removal of an abdominal testis.
Authors: Muir III William W. , Lerche Phillip , Robertson James T. , Hubbell John A. E. , Beard Warren , Miller Tirina , Badgley Britton , Bothwell Virgina 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To evaluate anesthetic effects of 4 drug combinations used for total intravenous anesthesia of horses undergoing surgical removal of an abdominal testis.Design—Clinical trial.Animals—32 healthy cryptorchid horses.Procedure—Horses were sedated with xylazine and butorphanol and were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 groups: induction of anesthesia with ketamine and diazepam and maintenance with bolus administration of ketamine and xylazine (KD/KX); induction and maintenance of anesthesia with bolus administration of tiletamine-zolazepam, ketamine, and detomidine (TKD); induction and maintenance of anesthesia with continuous infusion of xylazine, guaifenesin, and ketamine; and induction and maintenance of anesthesia with continuous infusion of guaifenesin and thiopental. Horses that moved 3 consecutive times in response to surgical stimulation or for which surgery time was > 60 minutes were administered an inhalant anesthetic, and data from these horses were excluded from analysis.Results—Quality of induction was not significantly different among groups. Muscle relaxation and analgesia scores were lowest for horses given KD/KX, but significant differences among groups were not detected. Horses anesthetized with TKD had a significantly greater number of attempts to stand, compared with the other groups, and mean quality of recovery from anesthesia for horses in the TKD group was significantly worse than for the other groups. Anesthesia, surgery, and recovery times were not significantly different among groups.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that all 4 drug combinations can be used to induce short-term anesthesia for abdominal cryptorchidectomy in horses. However, horses receiving TKD had a poorer recovery from anesthesia, often requiring assistance to stand. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2000;217:869–873)
Effect of a static magnetic field on blood flow to the metacarpus in horses
Authors: Steyn Phillip F. , Ramey David W. , Kirschvink Joseph , Uhrig John 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To determine the effect of a static magnetic
field on relative blood flow to the metacarpus of
horses.

Design—Randomized controlled clinical trial.

Animals—6 healthy adult horses.

Procedure—Red blood cells were radiolabeled in vivo
by administration of technetium Tc 99m (pyro- and
trimeta-) phosphates, and scintigraphic images were
obtained 30 minutes later. A magnetic wrap that emitted
a static magnetic field was applied to 1 metacarpus
and a control wrap was applied to the contralateral
metacarpus. Forty-eight hours later, the wraps
were removed, and scintigraphy was repeated.
Relative perfusion ratios were calculated by dividing
mean count per pixel for the portion of the metacarpus
under the wrap by mean count per pixel for a portion
of the distal aspect of the antebrachium that was
not in the magnetic field.

Results—The difference between the relative perfusion
ratio prior to application of the wrap and the ratio
after application of the wrap for limbs that received
the magnetic wrap was not significantly different
from the difference in ratio for limbs that received the
control wrap.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest
that in horses, the static magnetic field associated
with application of commercially available magnetic
wraps for 48 hours does not increase blood flow to
the portion of the metacarpus underneath the wrap.(J
Am Vet Med Assoc 2000;217:874–877)
Comparison of serologic testing and slaughter evaluation for assessing the effects of subclinical infection on growth in pigs
Authors: Regula Gertraud , Lichtensteiger Carol A. , Mateus-Pinilla Nohra E. , Scherba Gail , Miller Gay Y. , Weigel Ronald M. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To compare serologic testing with slaughter evaluation in assessing effects of subclinical infection on average daily weight gain (ADG) in pigs.Design—Cohort study.Animals—18 cohorts (30 to 35 pigs/cohort) of pigs on 7 farms.Procedure—Blood samples were collected, and pigs were weighed at 8, 16, and 24 weeks of age. Sera were tested for antibodies to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), swine influenza virus (SIV), transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), pseudorabies virus,Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, andActinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. At slaughter, skin, nasal turbinates, lungs, and liver were examined. Associations between ADG and results of serologic testing and slaughter evaluation were examined by use of multiple linear regression.Results—Pathogens that had a significant effect on any given farm during any given year and the magnitude of that effect varied. However, at 16 and 24 weeks of age, a higher antibody titer was consistently associated with a lower ADG. Mean differences in ADG between seropositive and seronegative pigs were 18 g/d (0.04 lb/d) for SIV, 40 g/d (0.09 lb/d) for PRRSV, 38 g/d (0.08 lb/d) forM hyopneumoniae, and 116 g/d (0.26 lb/d) for TGEV. Of the evaluations performed at slaughter, only detection of lung lesions was consistently associated with a decrease in ADG.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that subclinical infection with any of a variety of pathogens commonly found in swine herds was associated with a decrease in ADG. Serologic testing was more effective than slaughter evaluation in assessing the impact of subclinical infection on ADG in these pigs. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2000;217:888–895)
Evaluation of modified Wright-staining of urine sediment as a method for accurate detection of bacteriuria in dogs
Authors: Swenson Cheryl L. , Boisvert Agatha M. , Kruger John M. , Gibbons-Burgener Suzanne N. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To compare the findings of light microscopic
evaluation of routine unstained wet-mounted
preparations and air-dried, modified Wright-stained
preparations of urine sediment with results of quantitative
aerobic bacteriologic culture of urine.

Design—Masked prospective study.

Sample Population—459 urine samples collected by
cystocentesis from 441 dogs.

Procedure—Urinalyses and quantitative bacteriologic
cultures of urine were performed. Unstained wetmounted
preparations and air-dried, modified Wrightstained
urine sediment preparations were examined
by light microscopy for the presence of bacteria.

Results—Compared with results of quantitative bacteriologic
culture, routine unstained preparations and
modified Wright-stained preparations had sensitivities
of 82.4% and 93.2%, specificities of 76.4% and
99.0%, positive predictive values of 40.1% and 94.5%,
negative predictive values of 95.8% and 98.7%, and
test efficiencies of 77.3% and 98.0%, respectively.
Compared with 74 samples that yielded growth on bacteriologic
culture, the routine unstained method had
concordance and misclassification rates of 39.2% and
60.8%, respectively, whereas the Wright-stained
method had concordance and misclassification rates of
78.4% and 21.6%, respectively. Significant associations
between each of occult blood in urine, pyuria,
female sex, and lower urine specific gravity with bacteriuria
detected by Wright-stained sediment examination
and quantitative bacteriologic culture of urine were
identified.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Examination of
modified Wright-stained preparations of urine sediment
appeared to be a rapid, cost effective method that significantly
improved the sensitivity, specificity, positive
predictive value, and test efficiency of light microscopic
detection of bacteriuria, compared with that of the routine
unstained method. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 2004;
224:1282–1289)
Comparison of histologic lesions of endophthalmitis induced by Blastomyces dermatitidis in untreated and treated dogs: 36 cases (1986–2001)
Authors: Hendrix Diane V. H. , Rohrbach Barton W. , Bochsler Philip N. , English Robert V. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To compare prevalence of organisms and histologic changes in eyes from dogs with blastomycosis that were either untreated or undergoing treatment with itraconazole.Design—Retrospective study.Animals—36 dogs with endophthalmitis associated with blastomycosis.Procedure—Signalment, results of ophthalmic examination, and duration of treatment with itraconazole were extracted from medical records. Histologic sections from eyes were examined for prevalence and viability (ie, budding) of fungal organisms. A scoring system was devised to assess the degree of inflammation.Results—Clinically, all eyes were blind and had signs of severe endophthalmitis. Histologically, the type and degree of inflammation and prevalence ofBlastomyces dermatitidiswere not significantly different between dogs treated with itraconazole and untreated dogs or among groups of dogs treated for different time periods (4 to 14, 15 to 28, or 29 to 72 days). Replication of the organisms in vascular tissues as well as avascular spaces in the eyes was similar in treated and untreated dogs. Lens rupture was seen in 12 of 29 (41%) eyes.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Persistence of inflammation in eyes of dogs with naturally occurring blastomycosis is likely attributable to the continued presence ofB dermatitidis, regardless of the duration of treatment with itraconazole. Lens capsule rupture, a common and previously unreported histologic finding, may contribute to cataract formation and continued inflammation. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2004; 224:1317–1322)
Type I immune-mediated polyarthritis in dogs: 39 cases (1997–2002)
Authors: Clements Dylan N. , Gear Robyn N. A. , Tattersall James , Carmichael Stuart , Bennett David 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To determine clinical signs, laboratory
findings, relationship to vaccination, and response to
treatment for type I immune-mediated polyarthritis
(IMPA) in dogs.

Design—Retrospective study.

Animals—39 dogs.

Procedure—Clinical records and radiographic reports
from 3 university referral hospitals were reviewed.
Clinical signs, laboratory and investigative findings,
relationship to vaccination, and response to treatment
were evaluated.

Results—Clinical signs and initial laboratory and clinical
investigative findings were frequently abnormal
but were nonspecific and not associated with likelihood
of recovery. Time of vaccination was not associated
with onset of disease. Chemotherapeutic
immunosuppression resulted in complete cure in
56% of dogs. Continuous medication was required in
18% (7/39) of dogs, relapses were treated successfully
in 13% (5/39) of dogs, and 15% (6/39) of dogs
died or were euthanatized as a result of disease.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The possible
involvement of vaccination in type I IMPA was not made
clear from this study because of the small population
size. Signalment, clinical signs, and results of diagnostic
tests other than multiple synovial fluid analyses were
generally nonspecific. Most dogs with type I IMPA
responded to initial immunosuppressive treatment, but
31% (12/39) of dogs relapsed, required further treatment,
or both. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 2004;224:1323–1327)
Exostoses of the caudal perimeter of the radial physis as a cause of carpal synovial sheath tenosynovitis and lameness in horses: 10 cases (1999–2003)
Authors: Nixon Alan J. , Schachter Ben L. , Pool Roy R. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine the clinical, radiographic, ultrasonographic, and arthroscopic findings associated with tenosynovitis of the carpal synovial sheath induced by exostoses that originate from the caudal surface of the physeal scar of the distal radius and determine the results of surgical removal of those exostoses in horses.Design—Retrospective study.Animals—10 horses.Procedure—Medical records of horses with effusion in the carpal synovial sheath and lameness evaluated from 1999 to 2003 were examined.Results—All horses had a history of intermittent mild to moderate effusion of the carpal synovial sheath and lameness of 1 forelimb. Results of regional perineural and intrathecal anesthesia of the carpal synovial sheath confirmed that the lameness originated in the carpal synovial sheath. Radiography revealed exostoses originating from the caudal cortex of the distal radius at the level of the closed physis. Arthroscopy was performed for confirmation and removal of exostoses that penetrated the carpal synovial sheath and impinged on the deep digital flexor tendon. All horses returned to previous athletic activity. One horse had a recurrence of clinical signs 12 months after surgery, which resolved with medical treatment.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Tenosynovitis of the carpal synovial sheath and lameness were caused by impingement of exostoses of the caudal radius on the lining and contents of the carpal synovial sheath. Although the clinical signs and surgical treatment were similar to that caused by osteochondromas, these exostoses developed at the level of the closed physis of the distal radius and were not radiographically or histologically similar to osteochondromas. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2004;224:264–270)
Segmental ostectomy of the second and fourth metacarpal and metatarsal bones in horses: 17 cases (1993–2002)
Authors: Jenson Paul W. , Gaughan Earl M. , Lillich James D. , Bryant James E. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To determine clinical findings in and outcome
of horses with fractures of the second or fourth
metacarpal or metatarsal bone that underwent segmental
ostectomy, leaving the proximal and distal portions
of the bone undisturbed.

Design—Retrospective case series.

Animals—17 horses.

Procedures—Medical records were reviewed, and
information on signalment, affected bone, lesion
type, surgical procedure, amount of bone removed,
and surgical and postsurgical complications was
obtained. Follow-up information was obtained
through telephone conversations with owners, trainers,
and referring veterinarians.

Results—One horse had a fracture involving the distal
third of the second metacarpal bone; 13 had fractures
involving the middle third of the second
metacarpal bone (n = 4), fourth metacarpal bone (5),
or fourth metatarsal bone (4); and 3 had fractures
involving the proximal third of the second (2) or fourth
(1) metacarpal bone. Affected portions of the bones
were surgically resected, leaving the proximal and distal
portions undisturbed. All horses returned to previous
performance levels without evidence of lameness.
Cosmetic results were good to excellent.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest
that horses with a complicated injury of the proximal,
middle, or distal portion of the second or fourth
metacarpal or metatarsal bone may be successfully
treated by means of segmental ostectomy of the
abnormal portion of the bone. (J Am Vet Med Assoc
2004;224:271–274)
Long-term risks and benefits of early-age gonadectomy in cats
Authors: Spain C. Victor , Scarlett Janet M. , Houpt Katherine A. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To evaluate the long-term risks and benefits of early-age gonadectomy, compared with traditional- age gonadectomy, among cats adopted from a large animal shelter.Design—Retrospective cohort study.Animals—1,660 cats.Procedure—Cats underwent gonadectomy and were adopted from an animal shelter before 1 year of age; follow-up was available for as long as 11 years after surgery (median follow-up time, 3.9 years). Adopters completed a questionnaire about their cats' behavior and medical history. When possible, the cats' veterinary records were reviewed. Statistical analyses were conducted to identify any associations between the occurrence of 47 medical and behavioral conditions and the cats' age at gonadectomy.Results—Among male cats that underwent early-age gonadectomy (< 5.5 months of age), the occurrence of abscesses, aggression toward veterinarians, sexual behaviors, and urine spraying was decreased, whereas hiding was increased, compared with cats that underwent gonadectomy at an older age. Among male and female cats that underwent early-age gonadectomy, asthma, gingivitis, and hyperactivity were decreased, whereas shyness was increased.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Gonadectomy before 5.5 months of age was not associated with increased rates of death or relinquishment or occurrence of any serious medical or behavioral condition and may provide certain important long-term benefits, especially for male cats. Animal shelters can safely gonadectomize cats at a young age, and veterinarians should consider recommending routine gonadectomy for client-owned cats before the traditional age of 6 to 8 months. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2004;224:372–379)
Long-term risks and benefits of early-age gonadectomy in dogs
Authors: Spain C. Victor , Scarlett Janet M. , Houpt Katherine A. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To evaluate the long-term risks and benefits of early-age gonadectomy, compared with traditional- age gonadectomy, among dogs adopted from a large animal shelter.Design—Retrospective cohort study.Animals—1,842 dogs.Procedure—Dogs underwent gonadectomy and were adopted from an animal shelter before 1 year of age; follow-up was available for as long as 11 years after surgery. Adopters completed a questionnaire about their dogs' behavior and medical history. When possible, the dogs' veterinary records were reviewed. Associations between the occurrence of 56 medical and behavioral conditions and dogs' age at gonadectomy were evaluated.Results—Among female dogs, early-age gonadectomy was associated with increased rate of cystitis and decreasing age at gonadectomy was associated with increased rate of urinary incontinence. Among male and female dogs with early-age gonadectomy, hip dysplasia, noise phobias, and sexual behaviors were increased, whereas obesity, separation anxiety, escaping behaviors, inappropriate elimination when frightened, and relinquishment for any reason were decreased.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Because earlyage gonadectomy appears to offer more benefits than risks for male dogs, animal shelters can safely gonadectomize male dogs at a young age and veterinary practitioners should consider recommending routine gonadectomy for client-owned male dogs before the traditional age of 6 to 8 months. For female dogs, however, increased urinary incontinence suggests that delaying gonadectomy until at least 3 months of age may be beneficial. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2004; 224:380–387)
Evaluation of spontaneous variability in the frequency of ventricular arrhythmias in Boxers with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy
Authors: Spier Alan W. , Meurs Kathryn M. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To evaluate spontaneous variability in the frequency of ventricular arrhythmias and assess the influence of day of ECG recording and day of week on arrhythmia frequency in Boxers affected with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC).Design—Prospective study.Animals—10 Boxers with ARVC with prior ambulatory ECG recordings that included ≥ 500 ventricular premature complexes/24 h.Procedure—Consecutive 24-hour ambulatory ECG recordings were obtained during a 7-day period in each dog. The number of ventricular premature complexes and grade of the arrhythmia were obtained from each recording. For each dog, the number of ventricular premature complexes for each recording was evaluated to identify any differences relative to the day of recording (recording 1 to 7) and day of the week (Monday through Sunday).Results—Spontaneous variability accounted for as much as 80% of the change in frequency of ventricular premature complexes in dogs with frequent arrhythmias; this value was almost 100% in dogs with less frequent arrhythmias. Grade of arrhythmia was less variable but was also inversely related to frequency of arrhythmia. No significant differences in frequency values were identified among days of recording or among days of the week.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Changes of ≤ 80% in the frequency of ventricular arrhythmias may be within the limit of spontaneous variability in dogs with ARVC. This degree of variability should be considered in evaluations of ambulatory ECG recordings, particularly in the assessment of the efficacy of antiarrhythmic drugs. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2004;224: 538–541)
Effect of an external nasal dilator strip on cytologic characteristics of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in Thoroughbred racehorses
Authors: Valdez Sandra C. , Nieto Jorge E. , Spier Sharon J. , Owens Sean D. , Beldomenico Pablo , Snyder Jack R. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine the effects of an external nasal dilator strip on cytologic characteristics of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid in racing Thoroughbreds.Design—Clinical trial.Animals—23 Thoroughbred racehorses in active training.Procedure—Each horse raced on 2 occasions: once while wearing an external nasal dilator strip and once while not. Bronchoalveolar lavage was performed 12 to 18 hours after each race, and BAL fluid was analyzed for RBC and leukocyte counts and hemosiderin content.Results—Mean ± SEM count of RBCs in BAL fluid when horses raced without the nasal dilator strip (84.6 ± 27.5 cells/µL) was not significantly different from count when they raced with it (41.7 ± 12.2 cells/µL). Horses were grouped as having mild or severe bleeding on the basis of RBC count in BAL fluid after horses raced without the nasal dilator strip. Mean count when horses with severe bleeding raced without the nasal dilator strip (271.0 ± 63.7 cells/µL) was significantly higher than mean count when these horses raced with the strip (93.8 ± 37.6 cells/µL). Mean count of lymphocytes in BAL fluid was significantly lower after horses raced with the external nasal dilator strip.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that use of an external nasal dilator strip in Thoroughbred racehorses may decrease pulmonary bleeding, particularly in horses with severe exerciseinduced pulmonary hemorrhage. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2004;224:558–561)
Duration of serologic response to three viral antigens in cats
Authors: Mouzin Douglas E. , Lorenzen Marianne J. , Haworth John D. , King Vickie L. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine whether vaccinated cats either remained seropositive or responded serologically to revaccination against 3 key viral antigens after extended periods since their last vaccination.Design—Serologic survey.Animals—272 healthy client-owned cats.Procedure—Cats were ≥ 2 years old and vaccinated for feline panleukopenia virus (FPV), feline calicivirus (FCV), and feline herpesvirus (FHV). On day 0, cats were revaccinated with a vaccine from the same line of vaccines as they had historically received. Antibody titers were measured in sera collected on day 0 (prevaccination titer) and 5 to 7 days later (postvaccination titer). Cats were considered to have responded serologically if they had a day-0 hemagglutination inhibition titer to FPV ≥ 1:40, serum neutralization (SN) titer to FCV ≥ 1:32, SN titer to FHV ≥ 1:16, or ≥ 4-fold increase in antibody titer after revaccination.Results—The percentage of cats that had titers at or above the threshold values or responded to revaccination with a ≥ 4-fold increase in titer was 96.7% for FPV, 97.8% for FCV, and 88.2% for FHV.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—In most cats, vaccination induced a response that lasted up to and beyond 48 months for all 3 antigens. Although not equivalent to challenge-of-immunity studies as a demonstration of efficacy, results suggest that revaccination with the vaccine used in our study provides adequate protection even when given less frequently than the traditional 1-year interval. The study provides valuable information for clinicians to determine appropriate revaccination intervals. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2004;224:61–66)