bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oral Versus High-Dose Pulse Corticosteroids for Problematic Infantile Hemangiomas: A Randomized, Controlled Trial
Authors: Pope Elena , Krafchik Bernice R. , Macarthur Colin , Stempak Diana , Stephens Derek , Weinstein Miriam , Ho Nhung , Baruchel Sylvain 
Published: May 2007

OBJECTIVES. Oral systemic corticosteroids are the mainstay of treatment for problematic hemangiomas; however, current information is based on anecdotal experience and retrospective studies. We aimed to determine whether systemic steroids are efficacious in proliferating hemangioma and to compare the efficacy and safety of 2 corticosteroid treatment modalities.PATIENTS AND METHODS. Twenty patients with problematic hemangiomas of infancy were randomly assigned to either daily oral prednisolone or monthly intravenous pulses of methylprednisolone. Their clinical outcomes (improvement using a visual analog score) and adverse events were compared at 3 months from baseline and 1 year of age. Data on possible surrogate markers of angiogenesis were available for the first 3 months.RESULTS. At 3 months, orally treated patients had a median visual analog score of 70 compared with 12 in the intravenous group. This response pattern was similar at the patients' first birthday: 50.0 vs −1.5. Additional treatment beyond 3 months was needed for 65% of the patients (7 in the intravenous and 6 in the oral group). Six of 8 patients with impaired vision at enrollment had an improved function at 1 year (4 patients in the intravenous group and 3 patients in the oral group). Of the 4 surrogate markers of angiogenesis measured (plasma basic fibroblast growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor, vascular cellular adhesion molecule 1, endoglin, and urine basic fibroblast growth factor), the only 2 that decreased over time were vascular cellular adhesion molecule 1 and endoglin. Patients in the oral group had a higher rate of adverse effects, such as hypertension (18.6% vs 13.1%), abnormal cortisol (78% vs 60%), and growth retardation.CONCLUSIONS. Systemic corticosteroids are efficacious in stopping the proliferation of hemangiomas. The oral corticosteroids offered more clinical and biological benefit than the pulse steroids with higher risk of adverse effects.
What Can Video Games Teach Us About Teaching Reading?
Authors: Compton‐Lilly Catherine 
Published: May 2007

James Gee has suggested that video games can teach us important lessons about learning and that we can learn about teaching from these games. Reading research and the words of the author's daughter are the basis of an exploration of the learning principles Gee identifies. He explains that video games are successful in engaging children and teaching them the strategies they need to be successful and that high‐quality reading instruction should do the same.In this article, eight of the learning principles identified by Gee are applied to the teaching of reading. The first two explore insights about learners and the conditions that foster learning. The next three principles address general understandings about how learning occurs. The final three principles have direct implications for teaching.The article raises important questions about learning, engagement, and identity, as well as promoting problem solving and strategic activity in reading.
Repeated Interactive Read‐Alouds in Preschool and Kindergarten
Authors: McGee Lea M. , Schickedanz Judith A. 
Published: May 2007

Repeated interactive read‐alouds, a systematic method of reading aloud, allow teachers to scaffold children's understanding of the book being read, model strategies for making inferences and explanations, and teach vocabulary and concepts. A storybook is read three times in slightly different ways in order to increase the amount and quality of children's analytical talk as they answer carefully crafted questions. During the first reading, teachers introduce the story's problem, insert comments, ask a few key questions, and finally ask a “why” question calling for extended explanation. This is accompanied by elaborations on a few key vocabulary words. Second reads capitalize on children's growing comprehension of the story by providing enriched vocabulary explanations and asking additional inference and explanation questions. Third reads consist of guided reconstruction of the story in which children recount information as well as provide explanations and commentary.These techniques have shown to be effective in increasing children's engagement, understanding, and appreciation of literature in preschool and kindergarten settings.
Helping Struggling Writers Succeed: A Self‐Regulated Strategy Instruction Program
Authors: Helsel Lisa , Greenberg Daphne 
Published: May 2007

While writer's workshop provides a nurturing environment for many students, others struggle with the independence it gives. This may be due to the difficulty of coordinating the cognitive and self‐regulatory demands of the writing process. Self‐regulation refers to thoughts, feelings, and actions that individuals use to attain personal goals. Because of the independent nature of writing, an adequate level of self‐regulation is required to move through the process.Teaching self‐regulatory strategies within the context of writing may enable students to develop and execute a plan of action independently, resulting in more independent writing. The Self‐Regulated Strategy Development model of instruction is one such strategy. In order to examine its impact, the model was used to teach a summary writing strategy to a struggling sixth grader. Following instruction, the student exhibited more confidence in her writing abilities, a greater belief in the benefits of strategy use, and the ability to tackle the writing task more independently.
Understanding mudslides through micro-seismic monitoring: the Super-Sauze (South-East French Alps) case study
Authors: Amitrano David , Gaffet Stéphane , Malet Jean-Philippe , Maquaire Olivier 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
The macroscopic deformation of rocks, at scales ranging from laboratory samples (cm) to rock hillslopes and earth crust (hm to km), is associated with local irreversible processes (cracks/faults propagation and shearing). These movements involve propagation of acoustic waves, which can be observed by remote sensing. Seismic monitoring during strain progression can help our understanding of rock behaviour and lead to the recognition of failure precursors. Although of significant potential, this observational tool has had only limited application in the study of gravitational instabilities such as landslides. This paper presents seismic monitoring data acquired on a mudslide located in the South French Alps. Results show that recordable seismicity exists in the frequency range of 0.01 Hz to 10 Hz associated with landslide deformation. Acceleration of landslide movement is controlled by rainfall and appears to be well correlated with seismic activity. The origin of the seismicity is attributed to shearing of the moving mass at the interface with the in-situ stable bedrock. Spectral analysis of the seismic wave reveals that the range 0.1–1 Hz is the most sensitive to the variations in landslide velocity. The results emphasize the strong potential of seismic monitoring for improving our understanding of mechanisms controlling rock mass deformation and gravitational instability. The determination of operational failure precursors based on seismic monitoring has yet to be achieved but remains a major target of future research.
Unstable rock slope hydrogeology: insights from the large-scale study of western Argentera-Mercantour hillslopes (South-East France)
Authors: Binet Stéphane , Guglielmi Yves , Bertrandet Catherine , Mudry Jacques 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
Inventory of unstable hillslopes, hydrogeological mapping and hydrochemical characteristics of natural spring waters were used to determine the long-term relationships between groundwater and gravitational instabilities in the Upper Tinée Valley (South-East French Alps). Water chemistry and flow records allow to propose a conceptual model of water flow within unstable rocky slopes and to back-calculate the volume of infiltrated water and the flow velocity in the aquifers for different deformation states of the slopes. An increase in infiltrated yield, flow velocity and porosity is observed and linked to collapsed and toppled structures in the upper parts of the hillslopes. In these areas, perched aquifers take place in the reworked media. When a large landslide occurs, it modifies the geometry of the slope and bypasses the perched flows down to the foot of the slope. With long-term continuous slope deformation, the associated effect between water flows and slope destabilization changes. In the fractured rock, the coupled effect corresponds to rising water pressures with limited volumes of infiltrated water; in the more fractured and permeable collapsed and toppled areas, the volumes of infiltrated water increase with a lower variation of water pressures.
Techniques, issues and advances in numerical modelling of landslide hazard
Authors: van Asch Theodore W.J. , Malet Jean-Philippe , van Beek Ludovicus P.H. , Amitrano David 
Published: May 2007

AbstractSlope movements (e.g. landslides) are dynamic systems that are complex in time and space and closely linked to both inherited and current preparatory and triggering controls. It is not yet possible to assess in all cases conditions for failure, reactivation and rapid surges and successfully simulate their transient and multi-dimensional behaviour and development, although considerable progress has been made in isolating many of the key variables and elementary mechanisms and to include them in physically-based models for landslide hazard assessments. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to review the state-of-the-art in the understanding of landslide processes and to identify some pressing challenges for the development of our modelling capabilities in the forthcoming years for hazard assessment. This paper focuses on the special nature of slope movements and the difficulties related to simulating their complex time-dependent behaviour in mathematical, physically-based models. It analyses successively the research frontiers in the recognition of first-time failures (pre-failure and failure stages), reactivation and the catastrophic transition to rapid gravitational processes (post-failure stage). Subsequently, the paper discusses avenues to transfer local knowledge on landslide activity to landslide hazard forecasts on regional scales and ends with an outline how geomorphological investigations and supporting monitoring techniques could be applied to improve the theoretical concepts and the modelling performance of physically-based landslide models at different spatial and temporal scales.
Remote-sensing techniques for analysing landslide kinematics: a review
Authors: Delacourt Christophe , Allemand Pascal , Berthier Etienne , Raucoules Daniel , Casson Bérangère , Grandjean Philippe , Pambrun Claude , Varel Eric 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
Surface displacement field of landslides is a key parameter to access to their geometries and mechanical properties. Surface displacements can be calculated using remote-sensing methods such as interferometry for radar data and image correlation for optical data. These methods have been elaborated this last decade and successfully applied on sensors (radar, cameras, terrestrial 3D laser scanner imaging) either attached to space or aerial platforms such as satellites, planes, and unmanned radio-controlled platforms (drones and helicopters) or settled at fixed positions emplaced in the front of landslides. This paper reviews the techniques of image analysis (interferometry and optical data correlation) to measure displacements and examines the performance of each type of platforms. Examples of applications of these techniques in French South Alps are shown. Depending on the landslide characteristics (exposure conditions, size, velocity) as well as the goal of the study (operational or scientific purpose), one or a combination of several techniques and data (characterized by several resolution, accuracy, covered surface, revisiting time) have to be used. Radar satellite data processed with differential interferometric or PS methods are mainly suitable for scientific purposes due to various application limitations in mountainous area. Optical satellite and aerial images can be used for scientific studies at fairly high resolution but are strongly dependant on atmospheric conditions. Platforms and sensors such as drone, fixed camera, fixed radar and Lidar have the advantage of high adaptability. They can be used to obtain very high resolution and precise 3D data (of centimetric accuracy) suitable for both scientific and operational purposes.
Interspecific and temporal variation of ant species within Acacia drepanolobium ant domatia, a staple food of patas monkeys (Erythrocebus patas) in Laikipia, Kenya
Authors: Isbell Lynne A. , Young Truman P. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe ants that live in the swollen thorns (domatia) of Acacia drepanolobium are staple foods for patas monkeys (Erythrocebus patas). To obtain a better understanding of these insects as resources for patas monkeys, we sampled the contents of 1,051 swollen thorns (ant domatia) over a 22‐month period from December 1999 to September 2001, in Laikipia, Kenya. First, we confirmed that of the four species of ants that live on A. drepanolobium, Crematogaster sjostedti, the competitively dominant ant in this system, does not rear significant brood in the swollen thorns and is therefore not a major food item of patas monkeys. Second, across the other three species that do use swollen thorns for rearing their brood, C. nigriceps, C. mimosae, and Tetraponera penzigi, the number of worker ants per swollen thorn increased with increasing competitive dominance. Third, although there was considerable month‐to‐month variation in the number of workers, immatures, and especially alates (winged reproductives) within species, there was less variation across species because ant production was asynchronous. Variation in domatia contents was poorly related to rainfall for each of the three species. Finally, distal thorns held more alates and fewer workers than interior thorns, and branches higher off the ground held more alates and more workers than lower branches. For the numerically dominant C. mimosae, higher branches held significantly more immature ants than did lower branches. Ants are reliable food resources for patas monkeys, and are probably more reliable than many plant resources in this highly seasonal environment. We estimate that patas monkeys may get as much as a third of their daily caloric needs from these ants year‐round. As ants and other insects are widely consumed by primates, we suggest that greater consideration be given to species differences in animal food choices and that further studies be conducted to examine the degree to which ants influence energy intake and reproduction in other primates. Am. J. Primatol. 69:1387–1398, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ueber einige Punkts in der Atomentheorie
Authors: Dumas  
Published: May 2007

Abstract[Bekanntlich lassen sich, ohne dass dadurch in den Resultaten etwas geändert wird, die Atomengewichte der Körper gegen ihre Multipla oder Submultipla umtauschen, je nachdem man, gewissen Analogien folgend, in den binairen Verbindungen dieser Körper eine grössere oder geringere Anzahl von Atomen des andern Bestandtheils voraussetzt. Die Bestimmung der Atomengewichte bekommt hierdurch eine gewisse Willkührlichkeit, und diese zu entfernen ist der Zweck der nachfolgenden Untersuchung. Hr. Dumas geht dabei von dem Grundsatze aus, dass sich alle Körper, wie es schon für einige bewiesen ist, in einfachen Volumenverhältnissen verbinden, und dass das specifische Gewicht ihrer Dämpfe, welches dem einfachsten dieser Verhältnisse entspricht, das wahre Atomengewicht der Körper sey. Zu dem Ende bestimmt Hr. D. bei Körpern, die für sich nicht wohl in Dampf zu verwandeln sind, die Dichte der Dämpfe ihrer Verbindungen mit einem für sich gasförmigen Körper von bekannter Dichte. Hierdurch und durch das Atomengewicht des für sich starren Bestandtheils findet man das Volumenverhältniss, in welchem sich dieser mit dem Gase verbindet. Fällt das Volumenverhältniss mit dem angewandten Atomengewichte nicht einfach genug aus, so nimmt Hr. D. ein Multiplum oder Submultiplum dieses Gewichtes und dasjenige, welches das einfachste Volumenverhältniss liefert, sieht er als das wahre Atomengewicht des Körpers an. Die Atomengewichte der elementaren Körper fallen hierdurch überall mit den dichten oder specifischen Gewichten ihrer Gase oder Dämpfe zusammen. ‐ Diess mag die Einleitung des Originals ersetzen. P.]
The effect of citrate esters as plasticizers on the thermal and mechanical properties of poly(methyl methacrylate)
Authors: Gutierrez‐Villarreal Mario H. , Rodríguez‐Velazquez Jesús 
Published: May 2007

AbstractPlasticizers play a key role in the formulation of polymers and in determining their physical properties and processability. This study examines the effects of citrate esters, triethylcitrate, and triacetine as plasticizers on the thermal and mechanical properties of poly(methyl methacrylate). The samples were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry, dynamical mechanical analysis, and mechanical testing under different plasticizer contents. Both citrate esters proved to be effective as plasticizers, DSC data for the triacetine additive fits with Fox equation. Microstructure and relaxation properties were studied by dynamic mechanical analysis where loss modulus shows clearly that absorbed plasticizer shifts the α‐transition to lower temperature and β‐relaxations associated to ester side groups are unchanged even up to 30 wt % plasticizer. Mechanical properties were evaluated with an Instron testing machine. Both additives produced (1) an initial plasticization, with a decrease in tensile strength and modulus; (2) an antiplasticization, reflected as an increase in tensile strength; and modulus and (3) a final plasticization, with a notable decrease in tensile strength and modulus and an increase in elongation where a 35 wt % of triethylcitrate added to the poly(methyl methacrylate) increased in 200% its elongation. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2007
UV‐curable hybrid coatings based on vinylfunctionlized siloxane oligomer and acrylated polyester
Authors: He Jianyun , Zhou Liang , Soucek Mark D. , Wollyung Kathleen M. , Wesdemiotis Chrys 
Published: May 2007

AbstractOrganic–inorganic hybrid coatings were formulated using multifunctional vinyltrimethoxysilane (VTMS) oligomers and acrylated polyester (AP). A radical photoinitiator was added to the VTMS/AP formulation and the films were crosslinked via UV‐radiation. The viscoelastic, thermomechanical, and surface properties of the VTMS/AP films were evaluated as a function of VTMS content, using dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), contact angle, fracture toughness, and tensile properties. In addition, coating properties such as adhesion, scratch resistance, pencil hardness, and impact resistance were also investigated. The tensile and scratch data show that VTMS oligomer dramatically increased hardness and scratch resistance. The VTMS oligomer also increased the contact angle, led to a decrease in surface tension, and improved surface appearance. The VTMS oligomer also increases storage modulus, glass transition temperature, and crosslink density. The morphology of films and the particle size were observed using atomic force microscopy (AFM). The data indicated that the average silica particle size was ∼90 nm and the particles were well‐dispersed in the organic phase. It was postulated that the VTMS oligomer functioned effectively as a hyperbranched crosslinker, surface modifier, and reactive diluent. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 105:2376–2386, 2007
Crosslinked chitosan doped with Y2(CO3)3 and surface energy and electrorheological properties
Authors: Ma Yun , Jia Yun‐Ling , Shang Yan‐Li , Liao Fu‐Hui , Li Jun‐Ran , Zhang Shao‐Hua , Zhang Olivia 
Published: May 2007

AbstractNovel electrorheological materials based on crosslinked chitosan doped with Y2(CO3)3 were synthesized with biocompatible chitosan as the substrate of the materials. The electrorheological performance, surface energy, and thermal decomposition behavior of the materials were investigated as functions of the composition change. The results show that doping Y2(CO3)3 can improve effectively the electrorheological performance of crosslinked chitosan with the formation of a metal–polymer complex when the doping degree is suitable. The surface energy plays an important role in influencing the electrorheological properties of the material. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2007
Modification of rubber wood with styrene in combination with diethyl allyl phosphate as the flame‐retardant agent
Authors: Devi Rashmi R. , Saikia C. N. , Thakur Ashim J. , Maji T. K. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractRubber wood (Hevea brasiliensis) polymer composite was prepared using styrene as the monomer in combination with diethyl allyl phosphate (DEAP) to improve flame‐retardant property. DEAP was synthesized, characterized and incorporated into wood with styrene. The polymerization was accomplished by catalyst heat treatment using AIBN as the catalyst. The properties of wood–polymer composites (WPC) like water absorption, swelling in water, hardness, modulus of elasticity (MOE), modulus of rupture (MOR) etc. were improved on treatment. The thermal degradation behavior of WPC was evaluated using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and the flammability of the WPC was evaluated using the limiting oxygen index (LOI) test. It was observed that fire retardancy of WPC improved on incorporation of DEAP. FTIR spectroscopy and SEM study showed the interaction between wood and the polymers. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2007
Phase transition behavior and electro‐rheological effect of liquid crystalline cyclic‐siloxanes with fluorine atoms
Authors: Kaneko Kosuke , Miwa Yusuke , Nakamura Naotake 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe phase transition behavior of liquid crystalline cyclic‐siloxanes containing fluorine atoms in the terminal mesogenic groups is reported. The series has different spacer length and the number of fluorine atoms that are included in the terminal mesogenic group. The thermal property of the compounds was investigated by polarizing optical microscopy (POM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The influence of the spacer length between cyclic‐siloxane core and the terminal mesogenic groups on the mesomorphic properties was discussed. Moreover, we measured rheological property of these compounds in the presence of electric field. We described their electro‐rheological effect (ER effect) in consideration of the influence of molecular structure. The cyclic compounds exhibited considerably large ER effect of which the response time to an electric field was fast. They were expected to be used as novel ER fluids in engineering field. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2007
Effect of the Air‐Jet and the False‐Twist texturing processes on the stress‐relaxation of polyamide 6.6 yarns
Authors: Manich A. M. , Maíllo J. , Cayuela D. , Gacén J. , de Castellar M. D. , Ussman M 
Published: May 2007

AbstractPolyamide 6.6 multifilament yarns were converted to crimped fibers by texturing to simulate the properties of natural staple fiber yarns for textile applications. Texturing is carried out by mechanical stresses (turbulences or twisting) under thermal or hydrothermal conditions which affect the fine structure of the fiber. Two polyamide yarns with the same linear density but composed of filaments of different fineness were textured by the False‐Twist (thermal) and the Air‐Jet (hydrothermal) procedures. The influence of texturing and filament fineness on the relaxation behavior of the yarns was studied. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2007