bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of colleague quality on top performance: the case of security analysts
Authors: Groysberg Boris , Lee Linda‐Eling 
Published: October 2008

AbstractUsing a unique panel dataset of top performing security analysts over a nine‐year period, we show that top performers do not “own” their performance, even in the knowledge‐intensive work performed in this professional business services context. While an individual's past performance does indicate future performance, the quality of colleagues in one's organization also significantly affects top performers' ability to maintain their performance. Specifically, top performers in professional business services rely on high‐quality colleagues both to improve the quality of their own work and to deliver it effectively to clients. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Configuring expert knowledge: the consultant as sector specialist
Authors: Fincham Robin , Clark Timothy , Handley Karen , Sturdy Andrew 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThis study defines an aspect of consultant knowledge that provides credibility without claiming unrealistic status for a field like consulting. Our focus is the “sector knowledge” that consultants accumulate which derives from repeated assignments in the industrial sector in which the client organization resides. This has been under‐researched partly because of an emphasis on knowledge as technique and method. But knowledge configured around the sector enables consultants to play the role of the outside expert and draw on a language and experiences held in common with the client. The paper explores the role of consultants as sector intermediaries through a case study of contemporary management consulting in a UK local authority. We see “the sector” as an alternative type of knowledge formation salient for a client‐centered occupation like consulting. We also explore sector knowledge as a negotiated setting and dispel overly simple notions of know‐how being “brought to” the client. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Descriptive analysis of kernels of selected black and Persian walnut cultivars
Authors: Warmund Michele R , Elmore Janelle , Drake MaryAnne , Yates Michele D 
Published: October 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: Two types of walnut are valued for their nuts, the Persian walnut (Juglans regia L.) and eastern black walnut (Juglans nigra L.). While there is a well‐established market for Persian walnuts, there is a relatively small, but increasing demand for black walnuts. In spite of their availability in the marketplace, their similarities in sensory characteristics of kernels, as well as their unique attributes have not been explored. The objective of this study was to characterize selected Persian and black walnut cultivars using aroma, flavor, and texture sensory attributes.RESULTS: Twenty‐two terms were used for descriptive analysis of walnut kernels. All but two attributes (fruity and painty/rancid) were common to black and Persian walnut kernels. Black walnuts were distinguished from Persian walnuts by their overall aroma and fruity and musty flavors. Overall aroma, fruity, woody, musty and sweet flavors also varied among the kernels of some black walnut cultivars. Kernels of Persian walnuts generally had higher ratings of nutty, woody and astringent flavors than those of most black walnut cultivars.CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that Persian and black walnut kernels share common sensory attributes, but also have unique characteristics. The aroma and fruity flavor of black walnuts can be promoted in the marketplace, which will distinguish them from Persian walnuts. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Feeding trial of instant food containing lyophilised yam powder in hypertensive subjects
Authors: Liu Der‐Zen , Liang Hong‐Jen , Han Chuan‐Hsiao , Lin Shyr‐Yi , Chen Ching‐Tan , Fan Mike , Hou Wen‐Chi 
Published: October 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: It was reported in a previous paper that the yam tuber storage protein dioscorin exhibited antihypertensive effects on spontaneously hypertensive rats. The aim of the present study was to evaluate and compare the effects of packets of instant food (30 g) with (treated meal) and without (placebo) lyophilised yam powder on hypertensive subjects.RESULTS: A placebo‐controlled feeding trial was conducted daily for 5 weeks (stage 1), followed by a 1 week washout and then a 5 week crossover (stage 2). Twenty‐one subjects finished the trial. One packet of treated meal contained 140 ± 2.54 mg of dioscorin according to enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. The blood pressure results of the treated meal and placebo groups at stage 1 end versus originals, but not at stage 2 end versus stage 2 beginning, were significantly different by the paired t test. Systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure readings after treated meal intervention, but not after placebo intervention, differed significantly from the original values based on one‐way analysis of variance followed by the post hoc Tukey test; the reductions in SBP and DBP were 6.52 and 4.76 mmHg respectively. The feeding trial did not appear to affect serum lipid profiles or other biochemical measurements of cardiovascular risk.CONCLUSION: Intake of an instant food containing 140 mg of dioscorin over 5 weeks had a regulating effect on human blood pressure. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Effects of pre‐freezing, puree content and pasteurisation regime on colour stability of strawberry nectar made from puree
Authors: Gössinger Manfred , Ullram Thomas , Hermes Monika , Wendelin Silvia , Berghold Stefanie , Halbwirth Heidrun , Stich Karl , Berghofer Emmerich 
Published: October 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: Heat treatment during processing of strawberry products has been proposed to negatively affect colour stability. Moreover, the role of enzymes with respect to colour stability is ambiguous when consulting the existing literature. The aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of various processing parameters (pre‐freezing, puree content, pasteurisation temperature and heating time) on the colour stability and anthocyanin monomer and L‐ascorbic acid contents of strawberry nectars made from puree. In addition, the effect of different enzyme activities on colour stability during storage of strawberry nectars was investigated.RESULTS: Pre‐freezing of strawberries before processing had a significant positive effect on the colour stability of nectars made from puree. No significant effect on colour stability was found for higher puree contents. Increasing both the pasteurisation temperature and the heating time had a significant positive effect on colour stability. Results showed that colour degradation during storage was mainly due to residual enzyme activities. The shelf‐life of strawberry nectar could be extended about fivefold by adding an enzyme inhibitor.CONCLUSION: The colour stability of strawberry nectar made from fresh puree may be improved to some extent by an appropriate pasteurisation regime. Enzymes play an important role in colour degradation during storage of the nectar. Inactivation of these enzyme activities, however, could not be achieved even after a heat treatment at 90 °C for 60 min. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Vascular effects of photodynamic and pulsed dye laser therapy protocols
Authors: Channual Jennifer , Choi Bernard , Osann Kathryn , Pattanachinda Daniel , Lotfi Justin , Kelly Kristen M. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractBackground and ObjectivePulsed dye laser (PDL) treatment of cutaneous vascular lesions is associated with variable and unpredictable efficacy. Thus, alternative treatment modalities are needed. Previous in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated enhanced selective vascular destruction with benzoporphyrin derivative (BPD) monoacid ring A photodynamic therapy (PDT) followed immediately by PDL irradiation (PDT+PDL). Here, we evaluate PDT alone, PDL alone, and PDT+PDL protocols using an optimized in vivo rodent dorsal window chamber model.Study Design/Materials and MethodsA dorsal window chamber was surgically installed on male Golden Syrian hamsters. BPD solution was administered intravenously via a jugular venous catheter. Evaluated interventions included: (1) Control (no BPD, no light); (2) Control (BPD, no light); (3) PDT alone (λ = 576 nm; 25, 50, 75, or 96 J/cm2 radiant exposure; 15 minutes post‐BPD injection); (4) PDL alone at 7 J/cm2 (585 nm, 1.5 milliseconds pulse duration, 7 mm spot); and (5) PDT (25 or 75 J/cm2)+PDL (7 J/cm2). Laser speckle imaging was used to monitor blood flow dynamics before, immediately after, and 1, 3, and 5 days post‐intervention.ResultsPerfusion reduction on day 1 post‐intervention was achieved with PDT>50 J/cm2, PDL alone, and PDT+PDL. However, by day 5 post‐intervention, recovery of flow was observed with PDT alone at 50 J/cm2 (−15.1%) and PDL alone (+215%). PDT (75 J/cm2)+PDL resulted in the greatest prolonged reduction in vascular perfusion (−99.8%).ConclusionsOur in vivo data suggest that the PDT+PDL therapeutic protocol can result in enhanced and persistent vascular shutdown compared to PDT or PDL alone. The PDT+PDL approach has potential for considerable superficial vascular destruction and should be considered as a treatment modality for cutaneous vascular lesions. Monitoring of blood flow changes for as long as possible is crucial for accurate assessment of light‐based vascular interventions. Lesers Surg. Med. 40:644–650, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Self‐expandable metal stents and trans‐stent light delivery: Are metal stents and photodynamic therapy compatible?
Authors: Wang Luo‐Wei , Li Li‐Bo , Li Zhao‐Shen , Chen Yang K. , Hetzel Fred W. , Huang Zheng 
Published: October 2008

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesObstructive non‐small cell lung cancer and obstructive esophageal cancer are US FDA approved indications of photodynamic therapy (PDT). The usefulness of PDT for the treatment of cholangiocarcinoma is currently under clinical investigation. Endoscopic stenting for lumen restoration is a common palliative intervention for those indications. It is important to assess whether self‐expandable metal stents are compatible with trans‐stent PDT light delivery.Study Design/Materials and MethodsDirect effects of various components of metal biliary (n = 2), esophageal (n = 2), and bronchial (n = 1) stents on PDT light transmittance and distribution were examined using a point or linear light source (630 or 652 nm diode laser). Resected pig biliary duct and esophageal wall tissues were used to examine the feasibility of PDT light delivery through the fully expanded metal stents.ResultsWhile using a point light source, the metal components (thread and joint) of the stent could cause a significant shadow effect. The liner material (polytetrafluoroethylene or polyurethane) could cause various degrees of light absorption. When the stent was covered with a thin layer of biliary duct and esophageal tissues containing all wall layers, the shadow effect could be mitigated due to tissue scattering.ConclusionsThis study clearly demonstrates that it is feasible to combine stenting and PDT for the treatment of luminal lesions. PDT light dose should be adjusted to counteract the reduction of light transmittance caused by the metal and liner materials of stent. Lesers Surg. Med. 40:651–659, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Influence of cavity preparation with Er:YAG Laser on enamel adjacent to restorations submitted to cariogenic challenge in situ: A polarized light microscopic analysis
Authors: Chimello Daniela T. , Serra Mônica C. , Rodrigues Antonio L. , Pécora Jesus D. , Corona Silmara A.M. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesEr:YAG laser has been used for caries removal and cavity preparation, using ablative parameters. Its effect on the margins of restorations submitted to cariogenic challenge has not yet been sufficiently investigated. The aim of this study was to assess the enamel adjacent to restored Er:YAG laser‐prepared cavities submitted to cariogenic challenge in situ, under polarized light microscopy.Study Design/Materials and MethodsNinety‐one enamel slabs were randomly assigned to seven groups (n = 13): I, II, III—Er:YAG laser with 250 mJ, 62.5 J/cm2, combined with 2, 3, and 4 Hz, respectively; IV, V, VI—Er:YAG laser with 350 mJ, 87.5 J/cm2, combined with 2, 3, and 4 Hz, respectively; VII—High‐speed handpiece (control). Cavities were restored and the restorations were polished. The slabs were fixed to intra‐oral appliances, worn by 13 volunteers for 14 days. Sucrose solution was applied to each slab six times per day. Samples were removed, cleaned, sectioned and ground to polarized light microscopic analysis. Demineralized area and inhibition zone width were quantitatively assessed. Presence or absence of cracks was also analyzed. Scores for demineralization and inhibition zone were determined.ResultsNo difference was found among the groups with regard to demineralized area, inhibition zone width, presence or absence of cracks, and demineralization score. Inhibition zone score showed difference among the groups. There was a correlation between the quantitative measures and the scores.ConclusionEr:YAG laser was similar to high‐speed handpiece, with regard to alterations in enamel adjacent to restorations submitted to cariogenic challenge in situ. The inhibition zone score might suggest less demineralization at the restoration margin of the irradiated substrates. Correlation between the quantitative measures and scores indicates that score was, in this case, a suitable complementary method for assessment of caries lesion around restorations, under polarized light microscopy. Lesers Surg. Med. 40:634–643, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Postoperative gait deterioration after bilateral subthalamic nucleus stimulation in Parkinson's disease
Authors: van Nuenen Bart F.L. , Esselink Rianne A.J. , Munneke Marten , Speelman Johhannes D. , van Laar Teus , Bloem Bastiaan R. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractDeep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nuclei (STN) is a good therapeutic option to reduce dyskinesias and improve appendicular motor signs in well‐selected patients with advanced Parkinson's disease (PD). Concerns about long‐term adverse effects play an increasingly role in the decision whether or not to refer patients for this treatment. Worsening of gait as a consequence of STN stimulation for PD has been described, but may be under‐recognized in clinical practice. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of STN stimulation on gait relative to global outcome in a group of consecutively operated patients. For this purpose, we used a standardized patient questionnaire that asked about global outcome and specific effects on gait, as experienced both 6 months postoperatively and currently (at the time of completing the questionnaire; mean: 2.7 +/− 1.1 years). A delayed worsening of gait after bilateral STN stimulation was experienced by a considerable proportion of patients (42% of subjects, for gait in the OFF phase), and this was apparently relatively “selective” because their global outcome scores continued to be improved. These findings highlight the presence of a hitherto poorly recognized long‐term complication of bilateral STN stimulation. Further systematic studies are required to pinpoint the clinical and surgical determinants of this late gait deterioration. © 2008 Movement Disorder Society
Homocysteine is not associated with global motor or cognitive measures in nondemented older Parkinson's disease patients
Authors: Camicioli Richard M. , Bouchard Thomas P. , Somerville Martin J. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractLevodopa (L‐dopa) treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD) is associated with elevated homocysteine (Hcy). To examine the relationship between Hcy, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase polymorphisms (MTHFR: 677C/T; 1298A/C), and B‐vitamins in older PD patients and whether Hcy or MTHFR polymorphisms were associated with clinical measures. MTHFR polymorphisms, B‐vitamin intake, and blood concentrations of Hcy, vitamin B12 and folate, and creatinine were determined and compared between groups (PD and controls). The relationship of Hcy to clinical measures was examined in PD. Among 51 patients [30M/21F, mean age (SD): 71.5 (4.7)] and 50 controls [29M/21F, 71.5 (4.8)], Hcy was higher in PD [13.6 (3.8); controls: 10.5 (2.5), P < 0.0005]. Hcy was associated with B‐vitamin intake [F = 21.7, P < 0.0005], folate level (R = 0.31, P = 0.035), and the interaction of intake with MTHFR 677T (F = 5.2, P = 0.007), but not MTHFR 1298C genotype. Hcy did not correlate with global measures of cognition, mood, or parkinsonism in PD or with dyskinesias, fluctuations, or freezing. Higher vitamin B12 levels were associated with lower dyskinesia risk. Hcy was influenced by PD, MTHFR 677 genotype, and vitamin use, but not by the MTHFR 1298 genotype. There was no clear association with motor or cognitive measures, but dyskinesias were less likely with higher B12. © 2008 Movement Disorder Society
Abduction finger sign: A new sign to detect unilateral functional paralysis of the upper limb
Authors: Tinazzi Michele , Simonetto Sara , Franco Laura , Bhatia Kailash P. , Moretto Giuseppe , Fiaschi Antonio , Deluca Cristina 
Published: October 2008

AbstractObjective of this study is testing a new sign to differentiate functional from organic paralysis of the arm. Thirty‐six healthy subjects, ten patients with acute functional paralysis of one arm and eleven patients with acute organic paralysis of one arm were enrolled. The test consisted of abduction finger movements of one hand against resistance with a maximal sustained contraction to detect synkinetic abduction finger movements of the contralateral hand. For both hands, contralateral hand synkinesias were observed in healthy subjects. The task performed with the unaffected hand evoked synkinesias of the presumed affected hand in functional patients, but did not evoke synkinesias of the affected hand in organic patients. The abduction finger test had 100% sensitivity and specificity in distinguishing functional from organic paralysis of the upper limb in this cohort of patients. The abduction finger sign may be a reliable bedside test to discriminate functional from organic arm paralysis. © 2008 Movement Disorder Society
Backward walking in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Hackney Madeleine E. , Earhart Gammon M. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractWe walk backward on a daily basis, such as when backing away from the kitchen sink or stepping back from a curb as a swiftly moving bus passes. This task may be particularly difficult for individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD) who often fall as a result of moving or being perturbed in the backward direction. The aim of this study was to assess backward walking (BW) in individuals with PD. Both forward walking (FW) and BW were assessed in 78 people with idiopathic PD (H&Y range: 0.5–3) in the ON state, and 74 age‐ and sex‐matched controls. In FW, those with PD had significantly shorter strides, lower swing percents, higher stance percents, and lower functional ambulation profiles than controls. Both groups walked significantly slower and with a wider base of support during BW than FW. Additionally, in BW those with PD walked significantly slower with shorter strides, lower swing percents, and higher double support and stance percents, and lower functional ambulation profiles compared with controls. Those with mild to moderate PD have impaired FW and BW, but differences between those with and without PD are more pronounced in BW. © 2008 Movement Disorder Society
UPDRS activity of daily living score as a marker of Parkinson's disease progression
Authors: Harrison Madaline B. , Wylie Scott A. , Frysinger Robert C. , Patrie James T. , Huss Diane S. , Currie Lillian J. , Wooten G. Frederick 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe activities of daily living (ADL) subscore of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) captures the impact of Parkinson's disease (PD) on daily function and may be less affected than other subsections by variability associated with drug cycle and motor fluctuations. We examined UPDRS mentation, ADL and motor subscores in 888 patients with idiopathic PD. Multiple linear regression analyses determined the association between disease duration and UPDRS subscores as a function of medication status at examination and in a subset of patients with multiple examinations. Independent of medication status and across cross‐sectional and longitudinal analyses, ADL subscores showed a stronger and more stable association with disease duration than other UPDRS subscores after adjusting for age of disease onset. The association between disease duration and the motor subscore depended on medication status. The strong association between ADL subscore and disease duration in PD suggests that this measure may serve as a better marker of disease progression than signs and symptoms assessed in other UPDRS sections. © 2008 Movement Disorder Society
Functional brain imaging in pure akinesia with gait freezing: [18F] FDG PET and [18F] FP‐CIT PET analyses
Authors: Park Hee K. , Kim Jae S. , Im Ki C. , Oh Seung J. , Kim Mi J. , Lee Jae‐Hong , Chung Sun J. , Lee Myoung C. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractPure akinesia with gait freezing (PAGF) has characteristic features, including freezing of gait and prominent speech disturbance without rigidity or tremor. The purpose of this study was to investigate changes in brain glucose metabolism and presynaptic dopaminergic function in PAGF. By using [18F] fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET, 11 patients with PAGF were compared with 14 patients with probable progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), 13 patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), and 11 normal controls. [18F] N‐(3‐fluoropropyl)‐2β‐carbon ethoxy‐3β‐(4‐iodophenyl) nortropane (FP‐CIT) PET was performed in 11 patients with PAGF and with 10 normal controls. The PAGF patients showed decreased glucose metabolism in the midbrain when compared with normal controls. PSP patients showed a similar topographic distribution of glucose hypometabolism with additional areas, including the frontal cortex, when compared with normal controls. The FP‐CIT PET findings in patients with PAGF revealed severely decreased uptake bilaterally in the basal ganglia. These findings suggest that both PAGF and PSP may be part of the same pathophysiologic spectrum of disease. However, the reason why PAGF manifests clinically in a different manner needs to be further elucidated. © 2008 Movement Disorder Society
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for levodopa‐induced dyskinesias in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Filipović Saša R. , Rothwell John C. , van de Warrenburg Bart P. , Bhatia Kailash 
Published: October 2008

AbstractIn a placebo‐controlled, single‐blinded, crossover study, we assessed the effect of “real” repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) versus “sham” rTMS (placebo) on peak dose dyskinesias in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Ten patients with PD and prominent dyskinesias had rTMS (1,800 pulses; 1 Hz rate) delivered over the motor cortex for 4 consecutive days twice, once real stimuli and once sham stimulation were used; evaluations were done at the baseline and 1 day after the end of each of the treatment series. Direct comparison between sham and real rTMS effects showed no significant difference in clinician‐assessed dyskinesia severity. However, comparison with the baseline showed small but significant reduction in dyskinesia severity following real rTMS but not placebo. The major effect was on dystonia subscore. Similarly, in patient diaries, although both treatments caused reduction in subjective dyskinesia scores during the days of intervention, the effect was sustained for 3 days after the intervention for the real rTMS only. Following rTMS, no side effects and no adverse effects on motor function and PD symptoms were noted. The results suggest the existence of residual beneficial clinical aftereffects of consecutive daily applications of low‐frequency rTMS on dyskinesias in PD. The effects may be further exploited for potential therapeutic uses. © 2008 Movement Disorder Society