bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Hounsfield Units within the Humeral Trochlea and Medial Coronoid Process in a Population of Labrador X Golden Retriever Guide Dogs and Border Collies
Authors: Ellis Luke F. , House Arthur K. , Shimura Kiyoko , Frances Mika 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to determine if variations in Hounsfield units (HU) are present within the elbow between asymptomatic dogs of two breeds of dogs susceptible to elbow dysplasia.
Study Design Guide Dogs and Border Collies that presented for routine computed tomography (CT) screening for elbow dysplasia prior to breeding were evaluated. All dogs had no documented history of lameness. Dogs diagnosed with CT as being free of elbow dysplasia were included. The CT images were randomized and assessed by three blinded observers. A standardised approach to CT image reconstruction to create consistent image planes was used. Hounsfield units were measured within a standardised region of interest (ROI) at the humeral trochlea and medial coronoid process. The minimum, mean and maximum HU within each ROI was recorded.
Results Eighty-six elbows were included in the study with 32 Guide Dogs, and 11 Border Collies. Guide Dogs had significantly higher minimum (99.75 HU, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 15.02–184.48, p = 0.022), mean (115.09 HU, 95% CI: 80.53–149.64, p < 0.01) and maximum (74.00 HU, 95% CI: 44.58–103.42, p < 0.01) difference in HU within the medial coronoid process ROI, and significantly higher mean (146.49 HU, 95% CI: 100.12–192.87, p < 0.01) and maximum (147.77 HU, 95% CI: 102.57–192.97, p < 0.01) difference in HU within the humeral trochlea ROI.
Conclusion In this dataset breed variations in elbow HU were present between asymptomatic Guide Dogs and Border Collies. This needs to be considered in breeding screening programmes to avoid over-interpretation of elbow sclerosis, in the absence of elbow pathology.
Stress Changes in the Canine Radius after Locking Plate Fixation Using Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Muroi Norihiro , Murakami Sawako , Kanno Nobuo , Harada Yasuji , Hara Yasushi 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the stress changes in the radii beneath the locking plates (LP) of dogs implanted with LP using finite element analysis (FEA).
Study Design The study included radii harvested from eight dogs. After computed tomography (CT) scans of the forelimb, the articular surface of the radius was fixed using resin. Material tests were conducted to identify the yield and fracture points and for verification with FEA. The CT data of the radius were imported into FEA software. The radii were classified into three groups based on the placement of the LP (nonplate placement, intact group; 1 mm above the radial surface, LP + 1 mm group; 3 mm above the radial surface, LP + 3 mm group). Equivalent, maximum, and minimum principal stresses and minimum principal strain were measured after FEA at the radial diaphysis beneath the plate.
Results In shell elements, the LP + 1 mm and LP + 3 mm groups showed a significantly lower maximum principal stress compared with the intact group. In solid elements, the LP + 1 mm and LP + 3 mm groups showed a significantly higher equivalent stress and a significantly lower maximum principal stress compared with the intact group.
Conclusion When an axial load is applied to the radius, LP placement reduces the tension stress on the cortical bone of the radius beneath the plate, possibly related to implant-induced osteoporosis and bone formation in the cortical bone beneath the plate.
Permanent Iatrogenic Fibular Nerve Injury following Tibial Plateau Levelling Osteotomy
Authors: Anderson Oliver , Martin Sophie , Carwardine Darren , Parsons Kevin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe aim of this study was to describe three dogs with permanent fibular nerve injury following tibial plateau levelling osteotomy (TPLO). Fibular nerve injury following TPLO led to atrophy of the cranial tibial muscle, absent hock flexion and a mild lameness. Fibular nerve injury was confirmed in one case with electrodiagnostics. All three cases had a drill tract in the same location, on the caudal aspect of the tibia, immediately distal to the tibial osteotomy. Permanent fibular nerve injury following TPLO occurred with a more caudally positioned plate and care should be taken when drilling the tibia from medial to lateral in the region described. Careful gait assessment at routine follow-up was required to identify this complication.
The audit of banks in the USA: Has it changed since the financial crisis?
Authors: Tanyi Paul , Cathey Jack 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe most recent financial crisis exposed to the auditors the risk associated with the audit engagement of their banking clients. Because many banking clients failed and investors suffered trillions of dollars in losses, auditors are now defendants in numerous shareholder and regulatory lawsuits. There is consensus that the financial crisis was created by an abundance of credit, excessive risk taking through complex financial instruments, weak corporate structures, and ineffective regulatory mechanisms. In this study, we examine how the financial crisis has affected the audit engagements of banking clients. We examine audit fees, audit report lag, and auditor changes before and after the financial crisis with respect to specific bank risks like credit risk, interest rate risk, and liquidity. Overall, we find that auditors are more responsive to bank risks in the post-financial crisis period compared to the pre-financial crisis period.
Pay structure and firm technological innovation: comparative research based on three pay gaps
Authors: Wang Song , Lin Zhiyuan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWhile previous research has extensively explored the correlation between pay gaps and firm innovation, the comprehensive investigation of various pay gaps within a unified framework remains an understudied domain. We advance the understanding of the intricate relationship between pay gaps and firm innovation by examining the tournament effect and social comparison effect. Through empirical analysis spanning the period from 2009 to 2019 of Chinese listed companies, our findings reveal a potential inverted U-shaped curve in the impact of all pay gaps on firm innovation. Specifically, the effects of internal pay gap and management pay gap exhibit the left half of an inverted U-shaped curve, while the external pay gap demonstrates a complete inverted U shape. Additionally, utilizing fsQCA, we unveil that small firms can stimulate innovation through management pay incentives, internal tournaments, or employee tournaments. Conversely, large firms can pursue diverse paths, including management equity incentives, strategic emphasis on low pay for firm growth, or a harmonious combination of management pay and equity incentives. The intricate interplay between pay gaps and firm innovation is contingent upon industry and firm characteristics. Consequently, our study underscores the importance of meticulously designing pay structures that align with strategic goals and unique attributes.
Magnetic property enhancement of rare-earth-free nanocrystalline LTP-MnBi melt-spun ribbons
Authors: Xiang Zhen , Wang Haiyuan , Zeng Cheng , Yang Yang , Lu Shunda , Xu Huiyu , Nguyen Truongxuan , Lu Wei 
Published: March 2024

Rare-earth-free low-temperature-phase MnBi alloys have attracted extensive attention, but achieving high-purity and high-performance remains a challenge. In this study, a low-temperature phase (LTP) MnBi alloy was prepared through melt spinning and vacuum annealing techniques. The crystalline structure, microstructure, and magnetic properties of MnBi alloys were systematically investigated by x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and physical property measurement system. Results showed that roller speed effectively improved the purity and coercivity of MnBi alloys. The optimization of process parameters achieved a high saturation magnetization of 70.7 A m2/kg and a significant coercivity of 2.34 T (at 450 K). It revealed that microstructure and magnetic properties were closely associated with rolling speed processes. This work serves as an exemplar for the fabrication of high-performance LTP-MnBi alloys, exhibiting its potential for high-temperature applications.
The effects of assistance dogs on social acknowledgements and engagement of people with visible disabilities – A case study
Authors: Pugh Colin , Nottle Carmel , Young Janette 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Stigmatization of people with visible disabilities is a well-recognized concept, as is the knowledge that Assistance Dogs (ADs) may serve as social lubricants. This case study explored the interplay of these two concepts in the everyday life of a person (Mary) with a visible disability and her AD (Cino). This mixed methods study collected both quantitative observational data and qualitative interview data. Four episodes of Mary interacting in the community with and without Cino (AD) were observed using an observation checklist. These were complimented by four in-depth interviews with Mary and one with a close family member. Interview transcripts were used to construct a thematic understanding of the complex ways in which Mary’s life and experience of living with significant disability are impacted by having Cino to support her. Observational data identified that the presence of Mary’s AD considerably increased social acknowledgements of Mary from members of the public during community interactions. Two major themes (The dog makes a difference, and Lack of understanding, awareness, and support) each with four subthemes, emerged from the interviews. The complex mesh of experiences related to the support of her AD(s), both positive and negative, are mapped in the subthemes. While both positive and negative aspects of AD ownership were identified and explored, Mary assesses the net effect of having Cino, as ultimately positive, outweighing numerous complications and drawbacks in life lived with disability. The findings contribute to a more nuanced understanding of the way ADs can impact both positively and negatively in the lives of people living with disability. These insights provide points that can be used in discussing potential AD support with people exploring this option. They also caution against simplistic, “do ADs really work?” approaches in research as Mary’s lived experiences show that this is nuanced by multiple personal, clinical, social, physical, and broad environmental factors.
Indicating the direction in conservation of angular momentum
Authors: Yıldırım Fatih , Sezgin Selçuk Gamze 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This study developed a teaching material that makes the conservation of angular momentum, which students find very difficult, more concrete. The fact that angular momentum is a vector concept, the direction of the vector and the importance of this vector direction in angular momentum conservation are visualized. The teaching material consists of a table mounted on a freely rotating shaft, two electric motors mutually connected to the table, and a speed adjuster circuit used to change the rotation speeds of the motors. When electric motors begin to rotate, the angular momentum of the motors changes. How the angular momentum of the system is preserved thanks to the changing angular momentum of the parts interacting with each other, the directions of the vectors formed, the inertia torque, angular velocity, angular momentum relationship, and the relationship of the parts forming a system with each other have been tried to be explained in detail through the teaching material. When the motors were operated in different directions and speeds, the change in the rotation direction of the table was observed. This observation concretizes that angular momentum and angular momentum conservation are vector concepts. The right-hand rule, which describes the angular momentum vector direction with the material, can be demonstrated to students in practice. Video recordings showing how the teaching material works have been shared with readers.
Counterdiabatic optimized driving in quantum phase sensitive models
Authors: Barone Francesco Pio , Kiss Oriel , Grossi Michele , Vallecorsa Sofia , Mandarino Antonio 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
State preparation plays a pivotal role in numerous quantum algorithms, including quantum phase estimation. This paper extends and benchmarks counterdiabatic driving protocols across three one-dimensional spin systems characterized by phase transitions: the axial next-nearest neighbor Ising, XXZ, and Haldane–Shastry models. We perform a shallow quantum optimal control over the counterdiabatic protocols by optimizing an energy cost function. Moreover, we provide a code package for computing symbolically various adiabatic gauge potentials. This protocol consistently surpasses standard annealing schedules, often achieving performance improvements of several orders of magnitude. The axial next-nearest neighbor Ising model stands out as a notable example, where fidelities exceeding 0.5 are attainable in most cases. Furthermore, the optimized paths exhibit promising generalization capabilities to higher-dimensional systems, allowing for the extension of parameters from smaller models. Nevertheless, our investigations reveal limitations in the case of the XXZ and Haldane–Shastry models, particularly when transitioning away from the ferromagnetic phase. This suggests that finding optimal diabatic gauge potentials for specific systems remains an important research direction.
Reply to comment on ‘Ultradense protium p(0) and deuterium D(0) and their relation to ordinary Rydberg Matter: a review’
Authors: Holmlid Leif 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In this reply to an additional Comment by Hansen and Engelen it is shown that there is no violation of the baryon number conservation ‘law’ in the nuclear reactions in H0). In numerous well-known studies from large groups, baryons are both created and annihilated, without breaking the baryon number conservation ‘law’. This point was misunderstood in the Comment. H(0) molecules have very little in common with covalently bonded H2 molecules. The smallest H(0) molecules are H3(0) and H4(0). The picometer bond distances in H(0) are measured by the kinetic energy release in Coulomb explosions by neutral fragment time-of-flight experiments (not in TOF-MS experiments as stated in the Comment). The bond distances are further measured with femtometer precision in rotational spectroscopy experiments, with spin resolution for s = 2, 3 and 4. Many different molecular forms are observed for p(0), D(0) and pD(0).
Electric-field-driven ferromagnetic response in Janus MnReX3 (X = Se, S) monolayer via asymmetric interface orbital hybridization
Authors: Shan Yun , Li Tinghui 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Regulating spin-related electronic structures of two dimensional (2D) materials by an external electric field plays a substantial role in achieving spintronic and multistate information storage. However, electric-field-dependent ferromagnetic behavior at atomic-thick 2D materials is very difficult to be realized due to their intrinsic inversion symmetry, in which the symmetric spatial distribution of charge density makes it become insensitive to spontaneous polarization from external electric field. Herein, a new-type Janus MnReX3 (X = Se, S) monolayer with noncentrosymmetric configuration in which their orbital hybridization at internal interface can be engineered by rearranging the spatial symmetry of out-of-plane charge density. As a result, the spin exchange interaction among magnetic sites can be regulated by the electric-field-driven charge density redistribution, leading to a controllable ferromagnetic behavior at room temperature. Our results not only suggest a promising strategy to regulate the ferromagnetic response by reducing the crystal symmetry, but also provide a new insight into designing 2D magnetic materials.
The simple pendulum motion by considering the mass of the string: Asymptotic corrections
Authors: Rosales-Vera Marco 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In this paper the movement of a pendulum is analyzed considering the mass of the string from which the pendulum hangs, the analysis is carried out by perturbations considering that the mass of the string is much less than the mass of the pendulum. The results show that the mass of the string has two effects on the motion of the pendulum, the first is the increase in the inertia of the system and modification of the center of mass of the system, which translates into an increase in the frequency of the pendulum and the second effect is produced by the vibrations of the string itself, modifying the movement of the pendulum.
A novel hybrid scheme for chaotic image encryption
Authors: Li Ying , Wang Qianxue , Yu Simin 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This paper presents a novel hybrid scheme for chaotic image encryption by means of both public-key cryptosystem and symmetric cryptosystem. In the public-key cryptosystem, the hash value of the plain image can be securely transmitted through a public channel by utilizing elliptic curve for generating public and private keys, embedding hash value, encrypting and decrypting embedded data, and finally restoring hash value in the receiver. Based on a 8-dimensional discrete-time hyper-chaotic system, a symmetric encryption method associated with the hash value of plaintext is then implemented, which achieves several mutually independent encryption operations, including position sequence and row-column cyclic shift for permutation, modulus and exclusive OR operations for diffusion. In particular, because of its passing NIST and TestU01 for random statistical properties, the proposed 8-dimensional discrete-time hyper-chaotic system can also be used to construct a higher-performance S-Box, acting as another crucial component in the chaotic image cryptosystem, so that its security can be further enhanced. Theoretical analysis and numerical experiments confirm the feasibility of the method.
UV-induced resonant excitations of electrons near the Brillouin zone boundary in solid high harmonic generation
Authors: Luo Jianghua , Yuan Bin , Xiao Jiajun , Liu Xi , He Mingrui , Li Yang 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
We propose a novel mechanism to manipulate the electron dynamics at the boundary of the Brillouin zone (BZ) through resonant excitation induced by ultraviolet (UV) laser pulses in solid high harmonic generation (HHG). When adding weak UV pulses to a stronger mid-infrared (MIR) driving field, we show that UV pulses with specific wavelengths generate a resonant excitation zone around the Γ point in k − space, which facilitates the interband transition of electrons in the BZ boundary region. The scheme is not only significant for achieving higher harmonic yield, but also exhibits strong robustness at a relatively low MIR driving intensity due to the inherent manipulation of UV pulses for interband dynamics of BZ boundary electrons. The semiclassical four-step model is adopted to elucidate underlying physics.
Ultrawide-detection-range refractive index sensor based on a two-dimensional mirror-image photonic crystal microcavity
Authors: Sheng Guo , She Kang , Li Lin , Xu Piaorong , Shan Zhengping , Liu Exian 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In this work, a refractive index sensor is theoretically proposed based on a two-dimensional mirror-image SiO2/Si photonic crystal microcavity. The introduction of mirror-image microcavity effectively enhances the light localization and the coupling between light and liquid analyte. Results show that the sensor exhibits a high near-linear sensitivity of 493.5 nm RIU−1 with a narrow full-width at half-maximum of ∼20 nm in a broad refractive index range of 1.0 ∼ 1.5. Moreover, the detection resolution for the minimum variation of RI reaches to a level of 0.0002 RIU. For the analyses on the sensor performance (such as sensitivity, full-width at half-maximum), the dependences of all structure parameters are discussed in terms of the cylinder diameter, lattice constant, and microcavity size. This design is expected to detect the refractive index of wide-range liquid analytes in the fields of biology, chemistry, and medicine.
Reproduction-mobility trade-off in rock-paper-scissors models in changing environmental conditions
Authors: Menezes J , Rangel E 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
We investigate a tritrophic system in which organisms’ energy depletion, resulting from failed selection attempts, leads to a partial loss of capacity to win the cyclic spatial game. The energy required to maintain optimal organism fitness may be impacted by changes in environmental conditions, increasing the death risk due to accelerated deterioration of health. We simulate the evolutionary behavioural strategy performed by individuals of one species, which consists in balancing efforts dedicated to reproduction and mobility to minimise the chances of death by lack of energy. We show that the unevenness introduced by the trade-off strategy unbalances the rock-paper-scissors model, with the predominant species profiting from enemies’ lower birth rate. Quantifying the spatial patterns, we demonstrate that the characteristic length scale of single-species domains decreases as energy loss accelerates due to environmental changes. The erosion in the spatial patterns provoked by the reproduction-mobility trade-off benefits biodiversity, with coexistence probability rising for faster energy depletion and higher trade-off factors. The findings have implications for ecologists seeking to understand the impact of survival behaviour on biodiversity promotion.
Stochastic resetting with refractory periods: pathway formulation and exact results
Authors: García-Valladares G , Gupta D , Prados A , Plata C A 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
We look into the problem of stochastic resetting with refractory periods. The model dynamics comprises diffusive and motionless phases. The diffusive phase ends at random time instants, at which the system is reset to a given position—where the system remains at rest for a random time interval, termed the refractory period. A pathway formulation is introduced to derive exact analytical results for the relevant observables in a broad framework, with the resetting time and the refractory period following arbitrary distributions. For the paradigmatic case of Poissonian distributions of the resetting and refractory times, in general with different characteristic rates, closed-form expressions are obtained that successfully describe the relaxation to the steady state. Finally, we focus on the single-target search problem, in which the survival probability and the mean first passage time to the target can be exactly computed. Therein, we also discuss optimal strategies, which show a non-trivial dependence on the refractory period.