bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combined otoneurosurgical approach to patients with chronic ear disease and cerebrospinal otorrhea
Authors: Abramson Maxwell , Mcmurtry James G. , Kadis Gerald 
Published: October 2006

AbstractWe report a combined otoneurosurgical approach in the treatment of a patient with meningitis due to an arachnoid cyst, extending through the dura and petrous bone into the middle ear. The combination of mastoid surgery and temporal craniotomy including opening the dura was necessary to determine the nature of the problem, excise the disease and repair the defects.Two recent cases at our Institution of cerebrospinal otorhinorrhea and chronic ear disease illustrate the difficulty in carrying out definitive repair of dural defects from within the mastoid cavity. Case 2 had three bouts of meningitis and two brain abscesses separated by 25 years. Case 3 had eight bouts of meningitis in 19 years.The authors recommend an otoneurosurgical team approach in patients with cerebrospinal otorhinorrhea permitting treatment of the temporal bone, dura and brain.
Hemilaryngectomy for verrucous carcinoma of the glottis
Authors: Myers Ernest , Sobol Steven , Ogura Joseph H. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractSeven patients with verrucous carcinoma of the glottis treated by hemilaryngectomy are analyzed. The diagnostic criteria for this tumor are reviewed. Close cooperation between the clinician and pathologist is necessary for the correct diagnosis. The controversy regarding radiation therapy is discussed. Hemilaryngectomy is concluded to be a successful surgical modality for limited verrucous carcinoma of the larynx.
Bilateral sensorineural hearing loss associated with mycoplasma pneumoniae infection
Authors: Nishioka Keiko , Masuda Yu , Okada Satoko , Takata Nobuaki , Tasaka Shuji , Ogura Yoshio 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThree cases of persistent bilateral sensorineural hearing loss following Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) infection are reported. These cases were characterized by highly elevated MP complement fixation titer and cold hemagglutinin titer. All the patients had bilateral acute otitis media with a moderate to high degree of mixed hearing loss in the early stage following primary atypical pneumonia (PAP).
Bulky‐Hindrance‐Controlled Ligand Transformation from Linked Bis(amidinate) to Linked Imido‐Amidinate Promoted by a Mono(cyclopentadienyl)titanium Group
Authors: Bai Sheng‐Di , Guo Jian‐Ping , Liu Dian‐Sheng , Wong Wai‐Yeung 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA novel class of silyl‐linked bis(amidinate) ligands [SiMe2{NC(Ph)N(2,6‐R2Ph)Li}2] [L1 (R = H), L2 (R = Me), and L3 (R = iPr)] reacted with TiCl3(C5H5) to produce the half‐sandwich titanium complexes 1, 2, and 3. The molecular structures of 1–3 were confirmed successfully by X‐ray crystallography. An unprecedented intramolecular ligand transformation from the linked bis(amidinate) configuration to the linked imido‐amidinate configuration took place in the cases of L1 and L2. It was found that the rearrangement process was related to the steric hindrance of the terminal substituents. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Direct Asymmetric α‐Sulfamidation of α‐Branched Aldehydes: A Novel Approach to Enamine Catalysis
Authors: Vogt Henning , Baumann Thomas , Nieger Martin , Bräse Stefan 
Published: October 2006

AbstractProline‐catalysed reactions between α‐branched aldehydes and sulfonyl azides provide scalemic configurationally stabilised α‐sulfamidated products with ee values of up to 86 %. The reactions can also be carried out in a one‐pot fashion, with catalyst, aldehyde, sulfonyl chloride and sodium azide. The proposed mechanism differs fundamentally from the mechanistic model usually ascribed to enamine catalysis, containing as a key step the diastereoselective cycloaddition of the azide to an enamine formed in situ. The products obtained in the reaction can be converted into the corresponding unnatural amino acids in two additional steps.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
A rare case of granulomatous prostatitis caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Tamsel Sadýk , Killi Refik , Ertan Yesim , Demirpolat Gulgun 
Published: October 2006

AbstractWe report a rare case of infective granulomatous prostatitis caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis that may be mistaken for prostatic carcinoma, both on clinical examination and transrectal sonography (TRUS). A large hypoechoic mass was detected in the prostate of a 46‐year‐old man during TRUS and histopathologic examination after TRUS‐guided biopsies reported the diagnosis of tuberculous prostatitis. We herein describe the clinical and TRUS findings of this case. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2006
An apparent unidirectional influx constant for manganese as a measure of myocardial calcium channel activity
Authors: Skjold Arne , Kristoffersen Anders , Vangberg Torgil R , Haraldseth Olav , Jynge Per , Larsson Henrik BW 
Published: October 2006

AbstractPurposeTo develop an in vivo MR method for evaluation of myocardial calcium channel activity through quantification of apparent unidirectional manganese influx constants following manganese dipyridoxyl‐diphosphate (MnDPDP) infusions.Materials and MethodsA total of 10 healthy volunteers were divided in two groups, and received 5 μmol of MnDPDP per kg of body weight intravenously in a 1.5 Tesla scanner over five or 30 minutes, respectively. A fast inversion recovery gradient echo sequence was used to estimate pre‐ and postcontrast R1 values and to measure signal changes following infusions. By assuming equal longitudinal relaxivity (r1) of the contrast in all tissue compartments, signal changes in blood and myocardial tissue yielded temporal input and tissue contrast concentrations respectively. Through a two‐tissue compartment model, apparent unidirectional influx constants (Ki) for myocardial manganese accumulation were estimated.ResultsConsistent values for Ki in left ventricular wall were found, with a mean value of 5.96 mL/100 g/minute (SD = 0.49; N = 10). No statistical significant differences in Ki were found between the two infusion groups.ConclusionSince unidirectional manganese accumulation depends upon intact myocyte membranes with functioning calcium channels, the use of unidirectional manganese influx rates may be a valuable research tool for in vivo studies of myocyte functioning in myocardial disease. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Regioselective Grafting of Poly(ethylene glycol) onto Chitosan and the Properties of the Resulting Copolymers
Authors: Liu Li , Li Fangzhi , Fang Yue'e , Guo Shengrong 
Published: October 2006

AbstractSummary: PEG was grafted onto chitosan regioselectively at the hydroxyl groups with phthaloylchitosan as an intermediate. After the graft reaction, the phthaloyl groups were deprotected to give chitosan‐g‐PEG copolymers with free amino groups. The chemical structure of the graft copolymers was confirmed by FT‐IR, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The resulting graft copolymers showed improved thermal stability compared to the original chitosan, and showed a lower thermal transition temperature at around 185 °C. Chitosan‐g‐PEG exhibited a high affinity not only for aqueous acid but also for some organic solvents because of the presence of abundant free amino groups and PEG branches, and it exhibited higher hygroscopicity and moisture retention ability than chitosan.
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A linear complementarity formulation on position level for frictionless impact of planar deformable bodies
Authors: Ebrahimi S. , Eberhard P. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractIn this paper, we present an approach for frictionless impact of planar deformable bodies by formulating a linear complementarity problem on position level. This approach is based on the enforcing the Signorini conditions for the impact problem of continua. In doing so, first the bodies are discretized in finite elements and condensed with a finite number of eigenmodes. The equations of motion of the deformable bodies are generated using the well know moving frame of reference approach. Then, the normal gaps between the two impacting bodies are written in terms of the generalized coordinates. In the next step, by following different integration methods the generalized acceleration vector obtained from the equations of motion will be integrated to reach a relationship for the generalized coordinates. At the end, by substituting the generalized coordinates in the relationship of normal gaps, the impact problem is formulated as a linear complementarity problem. Solving this problem leads to the solution of our impact problem considering impact forces and normal gaps. At this point it should be emphasized that in this formulation no coefficient of restitution has to be introduced for obtaining the impact law. Although there exist some approaches for impact modeling of deformable bodies which introduce this coefficient as a measure of energy loss during impact, no coefficient of restitution should be used since the energy loss is taken into account by the damping in the material law of the deformable bodies.
The generalized‐α method in mechatronic applications
Authors: Brüls O. , Golinval J.C. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThis paper presents an extension of the generalized‐α time‐integrator to mechatronic systems represented by coupled first and second‐order DAEs. A simple reformulation of those equations as full second‐order DAEs allows the implementation of a monolithic integration scheme, so that the numerical dissipation properties are preserved, and second‐order accuracy is obtained at least in the unconstrained case. The algorithmic parameters can be optimized either for the mechanical or the control subsystem. Two illustrative applications are treated in the fields of vehicle dynamics and robotics.
DAE time integration for real‐time applications in multi‐body dynamics
Authors: Burgermeister B. , Arnold M. , Esterl B. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe equations of motion of multi‐body systems with kinematically closed loops are given by differential‐algebraic equations (DAE). Real‐time applications like hardware‐in‐the‐loop testbeds or driving simulators require appropriate integration methods that can solve the non‐linear constraints without exceeding an a priori fixed number of calculation steps. Partitioned linear‐implicit Euler methods can be extended by appropriate stabilization techniques to keep the error in the constraints bounded for arbitrary time intervals. These methods need a fixed low number of operations for each time step. One simplified Newton step for the projection onto the constraint manifold can prevent the drift‐off for arbitrary time intervals if the stepsize is sufficiently small. Selected methods were successfully implemented in the commercial vehicle simulation package veDYNA to improve substantially the simulation capabilities for vehicle‐trailer coupling.
Recent changes in heart failure hospitalisations in Australia
Authors: Najafi Farid , Dobson Annette J. , Jamrozik Konrad 
Published: October 2006

AbstractAim:To assess trends in admissions of patients with heart failure (HF) to all hospitals in Australia between 1996–1997 and 2003–2004.Methods and results:We carried out a retrospective analysis of the official population‐based National Hospital Morbidity Data in Australia. Although the absolute number of separations with a principal diagnosis of HF remained stable, the age‐ and sex‐standardized separation rate for HF recorded as principal diagnosis decreased from 2.0 per 1000 population in 1996–1997 to 1.6 per 1000 population in 2003–2004. The corresponding values for HF recorded in any diagnostic position were 7.7 and 4.7 per 1000 population. Men had higher in‐hospital mortality than women (8.9% versus 8.1%, p<0.001) and also a larger decrease in this measure over the study period (21.9% versus 14.4%). While the geometric mean length of stay for HF as principal diagnosis fell from 5.4days in 1996–1997 to 4.9days in 2003–2004, the proportion of bed‐days related to such diagnoses relative to total bed days attributed to circulatory diseases increased from 12.8% to 13.7% (p<0.001).Conclusion:There were no increase in number of admissions involving HF and standardized rates of hospital separations with HF fell in Australia between 1996 and 2004. The explanation for the observed declines in in‐hospital case fatality and the separation rates should be sought in whole‐of‐community studies.
Measurement of oedema in irritant‐exposed skin by a dielectric technique
Authors: Miettinen M. , Mönkkönen J. , Lahtinen M.‐R. , Nuutinen J. , Lahtinen T. 
Published: October 2006

Background: Easily applicable water‐specific instruments measuring local oedema in skin are not available. The aim of this study is to demonstrate quantitative assessment of skin oedema with the dielectric technique by measuring increase of skin water content related to sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS)‐induced irritant contact dermatitis.Methods: Irritant skin reaction and resulting oedema were induced by an irritant patch test on volar forearms in 12 healthy volunteers with the application of 1% SLS for 6 h. After occlusion the volunteers were divided into two groups: the patch test site of group I (six volunteers) received no treatment other than a base cream for the skin reaction, while for group II (six volunteers) a strong corticosteroid (clobetasol propionate) was applied on the irritant skin. During a follow‐up of 72 h, erythema was scored visually, and irritant‐induced oedema was measured with a novel water‐specific instrument MoistureMeter‐D.Results: In the untreated irritant skin, a maximum increase of 45% in skin water content was found at 10 h postocclusion and water content was still elevated at 72 h. With these persons, the degree of oedema agreed well with the ultrasound‐measured skin thickness (P=0.053). In the corticosteroid‐treated skin, an increase of 8% in water content was measured during 72 h but there was no correlation between oedema and skin thickness. There was no correlation between erythema and oedema in untreated or corticosteroid‐treated skin.Conclusion: The new instrument can easily be applied for noninvasive quantitative evaluation of local oedema and fluid retention in irritant‐exposed skin.
THE QUANTITATIVE HISTOCHEMISTRY OF A CHEMICALLY INDUCED EPENDYMOBLASTOMA–I ENZYMES*
Authors: Lehrer Gerard M. , Maker Howard S. , Silides Demetra J. , Weiss Cipora , Scheinberg Labe C. 
Published: October 2006

SUMMARYEnzymes from several metabolic pathways were studied quantitatively in homogenates and in homogeneous areas of frozen‐dried cryostat sections of an experimental, mouse ependymoblastoma, mouse mammary carcinoma, and mouse melanoma, growing as transplants in mouse brain. Micro analyses were performed in fiveto sixfold replicates on portions of tumour with a dry weight of 0·03‐0·2 μg. A close resemblance of the enzyme spectrum of the ependymoblastoma to that of immature brain was noted. Hexokinase and malate dehydrogenase were lower and lactate, glucose‐6‐phosphate, and NADP+‐linked isocitrate dehydrogenases, and β‐glucuronidase higher in the ependymoblastoma than in whole, adult mouse brain. Mouse mammary carcinoma had a higher level of hexokinase and lower levels of lactate and glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenases and β‐glucuronidase than ependymoblastoma. The concentration of malate dehydrogenase was lower and that of lactate, glucosed‐6‐phosphate, and NADP+‐linked isocitric dehydrogenases was higher in the melanoma than in the ependymoblastoma. β‐Glucuronidase levels were similar in these two neoplasms. It is suggested that the relatively high levels of several NADP+‐linked enzymes in the ependymoblastoma may be related to increased capacity for lipid synthesis.
THE UPTAKE OF [3H]GABA BY SLICES OF RAT CEREBRAL CORTEX
Authors: Iversen L. L. , Neal M. J. 
Published: October 2006

Abstract—A rapid accumulation of [3H]GABA occurs in slices of rat cerebral cortex incubated at 25° or 37° in a medium containing [3H]GABA. Tissue medium ratios of almost 100:1 are attained after a 60 min incubation at 25°. At the same temperature no labelled metabolites of GABA were found in the tissue or the medium. The process responsible for [3H]GABA uptake has many of the properties of an active transport mechanism: it is temperature sensitive, requires the presence of sodium ions in the external medium, is inhibited by dinitrophenol and ouabain, and shows saturation kinetics. The estimated Km value for GABA is 2·2 × 10−5m, and Vmax is 0·115 μmoles/min/g cortex. There is only negligible efflux of the accumulated [3H]GABA when cortical slices are exposed to a GABA‐free medium. [3H]GABA uptake was not affected by the presence of large molar excesses of glycine, l‐glutamic acid, l‐aspartic acid, or β‐aminobutyrate, but was inhibited in the presence of l‐alanine, l‐histidine, β‐hydroxy‐GABA and β‐guanidinopropionate. It is suggested that the GABA uptake system may represent a possible mechanism for the inactivation of GABA or some related substance at inhibitory synapses in the cortex.
TRANSPORT OF NORADRENALINE IN SYMPATHETIC NERVES AND THE EFFECT OF NERVE IMPULSES ON ITS CONTRIBUTION TO TRANSMITTER STORES
Authors: Geffen L. B. , Rush R. A. 
Published: October 2006

Abstract— —A study has been made of the contribution of noradrenaline transport along sympathetic nerves to their terminal stores of transmitter by ligating the splenic nerves of the cat, and measuring both the noradrenaline that accumulates above the constriction, and the noradrenaline content of the spleen. The biochemical estimations were supplemented by fluorescence histochemistry. The effect of abolishing efferent impulses in the splenic nerves was examined by cutting their preganglionic nerve supply.The proximo‐distal flow rate for noradrenaline was calculated as 1.4‐3.3 mm/hr assuming that all the noradrenaline that accumulates is derived from the cell bodies in the ganglion without net addition or loss in the axons. The process was not dependent on impulse traffic in the nerves, since decentralization did not significantly effect the accumulation. The amount of noradrenaline arrested by the constriction in 24 hr was only 1 per cent of the stores in the terminals of those nerves, and consequently no change was detected in the spleen's noradrenaline content as a result of constricting its nerve supply.In the presence of an intact reflex pathway to the spleen, the stress of the operative procedure produced a marked constriction of the spleen, and depletion of its noradrenaline content. These changes could be prevented either by section of the preganglionic splanchnic nerves, or by ligation of the splenic nerves, thereby blocking the conduction of efferent nerve impulses.The evidence favours a proximo‐distal flow of noradrenaline in sympathetic nerves, independent of nerve impulses, which makes, however, a negligible quantitative contribution to the terminal stores of transmitter.
PROXIMO‐DISTAL TRANSPORT OF [14C]NOR‐ADRENALINE AND PROTEIN IN SYMPATHETIC NERVES
Authors: Livett B. G. , Geffen L. B. , Austin L. 
Published: October 2006

Abstract— —Both [14C]noradrenaline and [14C]leucine were injected into the coeliac ganglia of cats in an attempt to label the noradrenaline and protein of the granular vesicles, so that their movement in the splenic nerves could be followed.When a constriction was placed on the nerves, labelled noradrenaline and protein accumulated just proximal to it, but there was no such accumulation below it, nor above a second, more distal constriction placed on the same nerve. This indicated that a neural transport mechanism, rather than uptake from the circulation, was responsible for the accumulation.Peaks of labelled noradrenaline and protein were observed to move down the axon at about 5 mm/hr. In addition a slow moving component of axonal protein, advancing at about 1 mm/day, was detected.The results demonstrate a rapid proximo‐distal movement of noradrenaline and protein which could represent the transport of granular synaptic vesicles from their site of manufacture in the cell body to their site of storage in the nerve terminals within the spleen.
SODIUM‐INDUCED EFFLUX OF CALCIUM FROM BRAIN MICROSOMES
Authors: Robinson J. D. 
Published: October 2006

Abstract—

A microsomal preparation from rat brain accumulated 45Ca in the presence of ATP. The uptake of calcium was associated with a corresponding uptake of 32P from [γ‐32P]ATP, with a 32P:45Ca molar ratio of about 0·65.
Microsomes that were first loaded with 46Ca lost radioactivity during a subsequent incubation in the absence of ATP; efflux of previously accumulated 32P (from ATP) corresponded with the calcium efflux. By contrast, the uptake of 14C from [8‐14C]ATP was far less than of 32P, and the efflux did not follow calcium efflux. Thus the movement of 32P probably represented the phosphate anion in association with calcium. Calcium efflux diminished with increasing pH up to 8·6.
Sodium specifically increased the rate of efflux of previously accumulated calcium. This sodium‐induced efflux was associated with a corresponding efflux of 32P (from ATP) and had a pH optimum near 7·8. It was not accompanied by a change in the amount of retained adenine nucleotides nor in the pattern of ATP metabolites, and was unaffected by ouabain or oligomycin.
Low concentrations of certain sulphydryl inhibitors blocked the sodium‐stimulated efflux with little effect either on efflux in the absence of sodium or on 45Ca accumulation.
Higher concentrations of these inhibitors, associated with an increase binding of the reagent, caused a generalized efflux of 45Ca and an inhibition of accumulation. The lipid solubility of a series of mercurial reagents corresponded with efficacy in promoting efflux; this suggested that this second class of reactive sites lay within a lipoidal permeability barrier.
SOME EFFECTS OF MONOAMINE OXIDASE INHIBITORS ON THE METABOLISM OF γ‐AMINOBUTYRIC ACID IN RAT BRAIN
Authors: Popov N. , Matthies H. 
Published: October 2006

Abstract—(1) The inhibitor of γ‐aminobutyrate transaminase (GABA‐T), amino‐oxyacetic acid (AOAA), drastically reduced the activity of GABA‐T to 30 per cent of the control value, with a corresponding increase of brain GABA, but had no effect on the activity of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD).(2) The monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors phenelzine, phenylpropylhydrazine and phenylvalerylhydrazine, lowered GABA‐T activity to 58, 49 and 48 per cent, respectively; this was associated with a marked elevation of brain GABA.(3) The action of phenelzine and phenylpropylhydrazine in vivo and in vitro could be abolished by pre‐treatment of the tissue with the structurally related MAO inhibitors phenylisopropylhydrazine and trans‐2‐phenylcyclopropylamine. These had no action on the GABA system in vivo, either on the GABA content or on the GABA‐T activity. These latter drugs, however, were unable to influence the effects of AOAA either on GABA or on GABA‐T.(4) The possible mechanism of action on GABA and the enzyme activities of the GABA system is discussed.