bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pattern and severity of early childhood caries
Authors: Hallett Kerrod B. , O'Rourke Peter K. 
Published: January 2006

Abstract –  Objectives:  The aim of this study was to investigate the association between selected social and behavioural variables and the pattern and severity of early childhood caries (ECC) within a community child population.Methods:  A cross‐sectional sample of 2515 children aged 4–5 years were examined in a preschool setting using decayed, missing, filled teeth/surface (dmft/dmfs) indices and a self‐administered questionnaire was used to obtain information regarding social, demographic, birth, infant feeding, oral and general health attitudes. Children with caries (847) were divided into anterior or posterior caries pattern groups and severe (dmfs score ≥6) or non‐severe (dmfs score <6) caries groups. The data were analysed using a chi‐square test and modelled using a logistic regression procedure.Results:  Significant variables associated with anterior ECC pattern were ethnicity other than Caucasian (OR = 2.1, 95% CI = 1.4–3.1), sipping from the bottle during the day (OR = 1.9, 95% CI = 1.3–2.7), male gender (OR = 1.6, 95% CI = 1.2–2.2) and sleeping with a bottle at night (OR = 1.5, 95% CI = 1.1–2.2). Significant variables associated with severe ECC form were sipping from the bottle during the day (OR = 2, 95% CI = 1.4–2.8), maternal age at birth ≤24 years (OR = 1.8, 95% CI = 1.3–2.7), ethnicity other than Caucasian (OR = 1.6, 95% CI = 1.1–2.5) and sleeping with a bottle at night (OR = 1.5, 95% CI = 1.1–2.2).Conclusions:  Infant bottle‐feeding habits (either allowing a child to sip from a bottle during the day or put to sleep at night) and ethnicity other than Caucasian were significant determinants for both anterior caries pattern and severity of ECC in 4–5‐year‐old Australian children.
A field trial of resin‐based and glass–ionomer fissure sealants: clinical and radiographic assessment of caries
Authors: Poulsen S. , Laurberg L. , Væth M. , Jensen U. , Haubek D. 
Published: January 2006

Abstract –  Objective:  The purpose of the present study was to provide further data for comparison of retention and caries‐preventive effect of a resin‐based sealant (Delton®), and a glass–ionomer sealant (Fuji III®).Methods:  The study was conducted in the municipality of Værløse located 15 km north of Copenhagen, Denmark in the period 1996–2001. The study comprised 153 children aged 8–13 years with a total of 364 site‐pairs. Caries was diagnosed both clinically and radiographically, and sealant retention was diagnosed clinically. Sealants were placed either by one of four dentists, who had the responsibility for the children's dental care, by a dental hygienist or a dental assistant. Mean follow‐up time was 38–39 months for sites on first permanent molars and 28–29 months for sites on second permanent molars.Results:  The retention rates were consistently, and considerably lower for Fuji III® than for Delton®. Relative risks of caries in Delton®‐sealed teeth over Fuji III®‐sealed teeth was 0.435 (95% CI 0.150–0.846) based on the clinical diagnosis, and 0.559 (95% CI 0.342–0.905) based on the radiographic diagnosis. The ratio of the relative risks (clinical over radiographic diagnosis) was close to 1 (0.778; 95% CI 0.272–1.481).Conclusion:  In the present study, Delton®‐sealed teeth had a lower risk than Fuji III®‐sealed teeth of developing caries, independent of the caries diagnostic method used.
Tyrosinase maturation through the mammalian secretory pathway: bringing color to life
Authors: Wang Ning , Hebert Daniel N. 
Published: January 2006

SummaryTyrosinase has been extensively utilized as a model substrate to study the maturation of glycoproteins in the mammalian secretory pathway. The visual nature of its enzymatic activity (melanin production) has facilitated the identification and characterization of the proteins that assist it becoming a functional enzyme, localized to its proper cellular location. Here, we review the steps involved in the maturation of tyrosinase from when it is first synthesized by cytosolic ribosomes until the mature protein reaches its post‐Golgi residence in the melanosomes. These steps include protein processing, covalent modifications, chaperone binding, oligomerization, and trafficking. The disruption of any of these steps can lead to a wide range of pigmentation disorders.
Shoulder terminal range eccentric antagonist/concentric agonist strength ratios in overhead athletes
Authors: Yildiz Y. , Aydin T. , Sekir U. , Kiralp M. Z. , Hazneci B. , Kalyon T. A. 
Published: January 2006

Objective: The agonist–antagonist strength relationship for shoulder external rotation and internal rotation was formerly described by the relatively more functional ratios of eccentric external rotator to concentric internal rotator moments, and eccentric internal rotator to concentric external rotator moments for the entire range of motion. The aim of this study was to provide descriptive data for terminal range eccentric antagonist/concentric agonist rotator cuff strength in overhead athletes.Method: The dominant and non‐dominant shoulders of 40 asymptomatic military overhead athletes were tested through a range of 20° of external rotation to 90° of internal rotation using the Cybex NORM isokinetic dynamometer at a speed of 90°/s. Differences between the dominant and non‐dominant shoulders were assessed using the paired samples t‐test.Results: The terminal range ratios during external rotation (20° of internal rotation – 10° of external rotation) were found to be 2.09 and 1.58 for the dominant and non‐dominant shoulders, respectively, whereas the terminal range ratios during internal rotation (60–90° of internal rotation) were 1.03 and 1.19 for the dominant and non‐dominant shoulders, respectively. These ratio differences between the dominant and non‐dominant shoulders were significant (P<0.01 for external and internal rotation).Conclusion: The muscle torque ratios of eccentric antagonist/concentric agonist are different between dominant and non‐dominant shoulders of skilled overhead athletes at terminal ranges. This functional assessment of strength testing that reflects dynamic shoulder joint stability during the throwing activity at these specific ranges may provide valuable information either during preventive exercise programs or in the evaluation of the injured shoulder of the overhead athlete. We recommended functional exercises that improve eccentric external rotation strength on the dominant shoulder during the rehabilitation and prevention programs in overhead athletes.
A new instrument for measuring self‐efficacy in patients with an anterior cruciate ligament injury
Authors: Thomeé P. , Währborg P. , Börjesson M. , Thomeé R. , Eriksson B. I. , Karlsson J. 
Published: January 2006

It has been suggested that self‐efficacy belief is of major importance for rehabilitation outcome after sports‐related injuries. No instruments are, however, available to evaluate perceived self‐efficacy for prognostic and outcome expectations in patients with an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. Perceived self‐efficacy is defined as a judgment of one's potential ability to carry out a task, rather than a measure of whether or not one actually can or does perform the task. The purpose of this study was to develop a reliable and valid instrument for measuring perceived self‐efficacy in patients with an ACL injury.A total of 210 male and female patients with an ACL injury were included in this study. The items were generated by health professionals with long clinical experience of patients with an ACL injury and by discussions with patients. After item analysis and item reduction, based on the results from 88 patients, the final 22‐item version of the Knee Self‐Efficacy Scale (K‐SES) was evaluated in 18 patients for test–retest reliability and in 104 patients for internal consistency and validity. The K‐SES was compared with the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control (MHLC), Coping Strategies Questionnaire (CSQ), SF‐36 and Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) instruments. A factor analysis was also performed on the K‐SES.The test–retest revealed a correlation ofrs=0.73 between test‐days and an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.75. No significant difference between test‐days was found. The internal consistency was 0.94, as calculated with Cronbach's α. There were low correlations between the K‐SES and MHLC and the K‐SES and CSQ, respectively. A strong correlation was found between the K‐SES and physical functioning, as measured by the SF‐36 (rs=0.8). All the sub‐scales in the KOOS correlated moderately to strongly (rs=0.4–0.7) to the K‐SES. The factor analysis produced two factors of importance. Factor one was related to how patients perceived their present physical performance/function, while factor two was related to how patients perceived the future physical performance/prognosis of their knee.Good reliability and good face, content, construct and convergent validity were demonstrated for this new instrument (K‐SES) for measuring perceived self‐efficacy in patients with an ACL injury. The K‐SES is recommended for studies designed to evaluate prognostic and outcome expectations of perceived self‐efficacy in patients with an ACL‐insufficient knee.
Burning mouth syndrome: a retrospective study investigating spontaneous remission and response to treatments
Authors: Sardella A , Lodi G , Demarosi F , Bez C , Cassano S , Carrassi A 
Published: January 2006

Objective:  The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the spontaneous remission rate of burning mouth syndrome (BMS) in a group of subjects suffering from this syndrome.Subjects and Methods:  The medical records of BMS patients attending the Unit of Oral Medicine (1995–2002) were reviewed. The patients with a follow‐up period of at least 18 months were then contacted over phone and interviewed using a structured ad hoc questionnaire to record their current symptoms and data about their treatment responses to the therapies.Results:  Forty‐eight women and five men with a mean age of 67.7 years (range 33–82 years) were included in the study (mean duration of BMS 5.5 years, s.d. ±1.9 years, mean follow‐up period of 56 months). As a consequence of different treatments, 26 patients (49.0%) reported no change in oral symptoms, 15 (28.3%) moderate improvement and 10 (18.9%) a worsening of oral complaints. Only two patients (3.7%) reported a complete spontaneous remission of oral symptoms without any treatment.Conclusions:  In this study, a complete spontaneous remission was observed in 3% of the patients within 5 years after the onset of BMS. A moderate improvement was obtained in <30% of the subjects.
Characterization of a novel DRB1*14 allele (DRB1*1449) in the Han‐Chinese population
Authors: Miao K. R. , Xue M. , Zhou X. Y. , Xu R. , Fei X. M. , Pan Q. Q. , Zhang J. W. , Zhao X. , Fan S. , KuKuruga D. , Xu A. L. , Wang C. Y. 
Published: January 2006

SummaryWe report here a novel human leukocyte antigen (HLA) allele, DRB1*1449, in the Han‐Chinese population. The nature of the new allele was confirmed by the sequencing‐based typing (SBT) method. Genomic DNA and six subclones containing DNA fragment of DRB1 exon 2 were sequenced in both forward and reverse directions. The exon 2 nucleotide sequence of DRB1*1449 is closely related to DRB1*1432 allele based on sequence homology. It has four nucleotide (nt) substitutions at positions 71, 196, 244 and 245 in exon 2, which lead to changes of amino acid sequences. The serological assignment of DRB1*1449 is DR14 based on the serological HLA typing result. This novel allele might be a result of recombination between DRB1*1402 and DRB1*140101 like alleles, which are very common among Chinese population.
Association study of polymorphisms in SOCS family genes with type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Ni R. , Ihara K. , Miyako K. , Takemoto M. , Ishimura M. , Kohno H. , Matsuura N. , Yoshimura A. , Hara T. 
Published: January 2006

SummarySuppressors of cytokine signalling (SOCS) proteins play important roles in the negative regulation of cytokine signal. We first searched for polymorphisms in SOCS‐1, SOCS‐3 and SOCS‐5 genes, and examined the association of the polymorphisms with type 1 diabetes (T1D). As a result, we did not find any significant associations between SOCS genes and T1D.
Active Resonators for Noise Absorption
Authors: Yuan Jing 
Published: January 2006

Abstract
Active control is applicable to resonators to improve noise control performance. Many active resonators depend on transfer functions from secondary sources to sensors to generate destructive interference in noise fields. These transfer functions are sensitive to the variance of acoustical parameters in noise fields where the sensors locate. An alternative strategy is to control resonators internally. This approach focuses on the internal dynamics of a resonator and uses an equivalent primary source with unknown strength and impedance to model the external noise field. A robust controller is designed on the basis of the internal dynamics model. It is independent of external parameters and able to minimize resonator reflection for the improved absorption performance. The active resonator is implemented in a set of experiment tests to achieve near perfect absorption performance in a wide frequency range. The closed-loop system is robust with respect to significant variations of acoustical parameters in the external field.
A Theoretical Model of Enlarging Intracranial Fusiform
Aneurysms
Authors: Baek S. , Rajagopal K. R. , Humphrey J. D. 
Published: January 2006

Abstract
The mechanisms by which intracranial aneurysms develop, enlarge, and rupture are unknown, and it remains difficult to collect the longitudinal patient-based information needed to improve our understanding. We submit, therefore, that mathematical models hold promise by allowing us to propose and test competing hypotheses on potential mechanisms of aneurysmal enlargement and to compare predicted outcomes with limited clinical information—in this way, we may begin to narrow the possible mechanisms and thereby focus experimental studies. In this paper, we present a constrained mixture model of evolving thin-walled, fusiform aneurysms and compare multiple competing hypotheses with regard to the production, removal, and alignment of the collagen that provides the structural integrity of the wall. The results show that this type of approach has the capability to infer potential means by which lesions enlarge and whether such changes are likely to produce a stable or unstable process. Such information can better direct the requisite histopathological examinations, particularly on the need to quantify collagen orientations as a function of lesion geometry.
Evaluation of Filler Materials Used for Uniform Load Distribution at Boundaries During Structural Biomechanical Testing of Whole
Vertebrae
Authors: Kim Do-Gyoon , Dong X. Neil , Cao Ting , Baker Kevin C. , Shaffer Richard R. , Fyhrie David P. , Yeni Yener N. 
Published: January 2006

Abstract
This study was designed to compare the compressive mechanical properties of filler materials, Wood’s metal, dental stone, and polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), which are widely used for performing structural testing of whole vertebrae. The effect of strain rate and specimen size on the mechanical properties of the filler materials was examined using standardized specimens and mechanical testing. Because Wood’s metal can be reused after remelting, the effect of remelting on the mechanical properties was tested by comparing them before and after remelting. Finite element (FE) models were built to simulate the effect of filler material size and properties on the stiffness of vertebral body construct in compression. Modulus, yield strain, and yield strength were not different between batches (melt-remelt) of Wood’s metal. Strain rate had no effect on the modulus of Wood’s metal, however, Young’s modulus decreased with increasing strain rate in dental stone whereas increased in PMMA. Both Wood’s metal and dental stone were significantly stiffer than PMMA (12.7±1.8GPa, 10.4±3.4GPa, and 2.9±0.4GPa, respectively). PMMA had greater yield strength than Wood’s metal (62.9±8.7MPa and 26.2±2.6MPa). All materials exhibited size-dependent modulus values. The FE results indicated that filler materials, if not accounted for, could cause more than 9% variation in vertebral body stiffness. We conclude that Wood’s metal is a superior moldable bonding material for biomechanical testing of whole bones, especially whole vertebrae, compared to the other candidate materials.
Latex allergy: a follow up study of 1040 healthcare workers
Authors: Larese Filon F , Radman G 
Published: January 2006

Background:Natural rubber latex allergy can cause skin and respiratory symptoms The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and incidence of latex related symptoms and sensitisation among a large group of healthcare workers in Trieste hospitals, followed for three years before and after the introduction of powder-free gloves with low latex release.Methods:In the years 1997–99 the authors evaluated 1040 healthcare workers exposed to latex allergen for latex related symptoms and sensitisation by means of a questionnaire, a medical examination, skin prick tests, and IgE specific antibody assay. The second evaluation was carried out in the years 2000–02, subsequent to the changeover to a powder-free environment.Results:Glove related symptoms were seen in 21.8% of the nurses (227), mostly consisting of mild dermatitis: 38 (3.6%) complaining of contact urticaria and 24 (2.3%) of asthma and/or rhinitis. These symptoms were significantly related to skin prick tests positive to latex (OR = 9.70; 95% CI 5.5 to 17) and to personal atopy (OR = 2.29; 95% CI 1.6 to 3.2). Follow up was completed in 960 subjects (92.3%): 19 new subjects (2.4%) complained of itching erythema when using gloves, but none was prick positive to latex. Symptoms significantly improved and in most cases disappeared (p<0.0001).Conclusions:Simple measures such as the avoidance of unnecessary glove use, the use of non-powdered latex gloves by all workers, and use of non-latex gloves by sensitised subjects can stop the progression of latex symptoms and can avoid new cases of sensitisation.
Predictors of early leaving from the cotton spinning mill environment in newly hired workers
Authors: Bakirci N , Kalaca S , Fletcher A M , Pickering C A C , Tumerdem N , Cali S , Oldham L , Francis H , Niven R McL 
Published: January 2006

Objective:This longitudinal study aimed to identify the predictors of leaving during the first year of employment from the cotton spinning mill environment in newly hired workers.Methods:One hundred and ninety eight consecutively appointed new employees were investigated by questionnaire, lung function test, and skin test. They were examined before employment and at the end of the 1st week, and the 1st, 3rd, 6th, and 12th month after starting work and when possible before leaving their job. 572 personal dust sampling and 191 endotoxin measurements were performed to assess the environmental exposure. For the univariate analysis χ2, Studentttests, ANOVA, and Kruskall Wallis tests were used. Cox proportional hazards analysis was used to identify factors associated with leaving the job.Results:Fifty three per cent of workers left the mill environment during their first working year. Work related lower respiratory tract symptoms reported at the third month were associated with an increase rate of leaving the industry compared to those remaining in the industry (25%v4.8%; p<0.005). Having respiratory symptoms at the first month of work predicted those leaving the industry at some point in the next 11 months. According to the Cox model, increasing age and having work related lower respiratory tract symptoms were found to be predictors for leaving job at the first working year. Atopic status, dust and endotoxin levels, and lung function changes were not consistently predictive of workers who left the industry in the follow up period.Conclusion:This study demonstrated that work related respiratory symptoms can predict workers likely to leave the cotton mill environment during the first year of employment, but atopy or acute lung function changes do not.
Phase I/II Trial Assessing Bortezomib and Melphalan Combination Therapy for the Treatment of Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Berenson James R. , Yang Hank H. , Sadler Karen , Jarutirasarn Supol G. , Vescio Robert A. , Mapes Russell , Purner Matthew , Lee Shi-pyng , Wilson Joanna , Morrison Blake , Adams Julian , Schenkein David , Swift Regina 
Published: January 2006

Purpose Bortezomib has shown synergy with melphalan in preclinical models. We assessed the safety, tolerability, and response rate in a dose-escalation study of this combination for relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma patients. Methods Bortezomib was administered from 0.7 to 1.0 mg/m2 on days 1, 4, 8, and 11 of a 28-day cycle for up to eight cycles. Oral melphalan was administered in escalating doses from 0.025 to 0.25 mg/kg on days 1 to 4. Results Thirty-five patients with relapsed or refractory myeloma were enrolled, 34 of whom were assessable for response. Dose-limiting toxicity of grade 4 neutropenia in two of six patients in the highest dose cohort led to the assignment of bortezomib 1.0 mg/m2 and melphalan 0.10 mg/kg as the maximum-tolerated dose (MTD). Responses (minimal [MR], partial [PR], or complete [CR]) occurred in 23 of 34 patients (68%), including two CRs (6%), three immunofixation-positive CRs (9%), 11 PRs (32%), and seven MRs (21%). Responses were observed in five of six assessable patients (83%) at the MTD. Median progression-free survival for all patients was 8 months (range, 2 to 18 months). Grade ≥ 3 toxicities were related mostly to myelosuppression. Among the 15 patients with grade 1/2 neuropathy at baseline, it resolved during treatment in one, worsened in four, and remained stable in 10 patients. Eight other patients developed grade 1/2 neuropathy during the study. Conclusion Bortezomib plus melphalan given on a 28-day schedule showed encouraging activity with manageable toxicity and represents a promising treatment for myeloma patients.
Analysis of Micrometastatic Disease in Sentinel Lymph Nodes From Resectable Colon Cancer: Results of Cancer and Leukemia Group B Trial 80001
Authors: Redston Mark , Compton Carolyn C. , Miedema Brent W. , Niedzwiecki Donna , Dowell Jeannette M. , Jewell Scott D. , Fleshman James M. , Bem Jiri , Mayer Robert J. , Bertagnolli Monica M. 
Published: January 2006

Purpose To determine whether sentinel lymph node (LN) sampling (SLNS) could reduce the number of nodes required to characterize micrometastatic disease (MMD) in patients with potentially curable colon cancer. Patients and Methods Cancer and Leukemia Group B 80001 was a study to determine whether SLNS could identify a subset of LNs that predicted the status of the nodal basin for resectable colon cancer and, therefore, could be extensively evaluated for the presence of micrometastases. Patients enrolled onto this study underwent SLNS after injection of 1% isosulfan blue, and both sentinel nodes (SNs) and non-SNs obtained during primary tumor resection were sectioned at multiple levels and stained using anti–carcinoembryonic antigen and anticytokeratin antibodies. Results Using standard histopathology, SNs failed to predict the presence of nodal disease in 13 (54%) of 24 node-positive patients. Immunostains were performed for patients whose LNs were negative by standard histopathology. Depending on the immunohistochemical criteria used to assign LN positivity, SN examination resulted in either an unacceptably high false-positive rate (20%) or a low sensitivity for detection of MMD (40%). Conclusion By examining both SNs and non-SNs, this multi-institutional study showed that SNs did not accurately predict the presence of either conventionally defined nodal metastases or MMD. As a result, SLNS is not a useful technique for the study of MMD in patients with colon cancer.