bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the implementation of a multicomponent intervention to improve faecal immunochemical test-based (FIT) colorectal cancer screening in primary care
Authors: Adhikari Kamala , Mughal Muhammad Kashif , Whitworth James , Hignell Danica , Moysey Barbara , Chishtie Jawad , Teare Gary F 
Published: February 2025

Screening has proven effective at reducing the incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer (CRC). The faecal immunochemical test (FIT) is recommended for screening people aged 50–74 years at average risk of CRC in Alberta, Canada. This project implemented a multicomponent intervention in real-world, primary care settings in Alberta to improve the FIT participation rate and evaluated the reach, effectiveness and implementation outcomes.The multicomponent intervention comprised of in-clinic FIT kit distribution, patient education and reminder calls, was implemented in four primary care clinics. Reach was measured as the proportion of patients receiving the intervention. Effectiveness was measured by comparing the proportion of patients completing FIT during preintervention and perintervention periods. Implementation was measured by the perceived acceptability, appropriateness and feasibility of providers in implementing the intervention. Data were collected from electronic medical records and validated survey tools.Four clinics implemented the intervention during an 8-month study period (September 2021 to April 2022); 99% of eligible patients received a FIT kit. The baseline FIT completion rate across participating clinics was 62%, which increased by 13 percentage points to 75% during the intervention period. Of the 75% who completed the FIT, 56% did without a reminder call, whereas 19% did so after receiving one or more reminders. More than 90% of providers perceived the intervention implementation as acceptable, feasible and appropriate.The multicomponent FIT intervention was perceived as acceptable, feasible, and appropriate and improved the FIT screening rates in pilot clinics. An implementation guidance document has been developed and tested to communicate the implementation process for use by other primary care clinics and aid in the spread of the intervention across Alberta. Implementing this intervention in routine practice can help decrease the incidence and mortality of CRC.
Air pollution exposures in early life and brain development in children (ABC): protocol for a pregnancy cohort study
Authors: Benki-Nugent Sarah , Were Faridah H , Riederer Anne M , Gatari Michael , Karr CJ , Seto Edmund YW , Mutai Beatrice C , Wamithi Susan , Collett Brent R , Kinuthia John , Edemba Priscilla Wanini , Richardson Barbra A , McClelland R Scott , Larson Timothy V , Marshall Julian D , Maleche-Obimbo Elizabeth 
Published: February 2025

IntroductionAir pollution is linked with poor neurodevelopment in high-income countries. Comparable data are scant for low-income countries, where exposures are higher. Longitudinal pregnancy cohort studies are optimal for individual exposure assessment during critical windows of brain development and examination of neurodevelopment. This study aims to determine the association between prenatal ambient air pollutant exposure and neurodevelopment in children aged 12, 24 and 36 months through a collaborative, capacity-enriching research partnership.Methods and analysisThis observational cohort study is based in Nairobi, Kenya. Eligibility criteria are singleton pregnancy, no severe pregnancy complications and maternal age 18 to 40 years. At entry, mothers (n=400) are administered surveys to characterise air pollution exposures reflecting household features and occupational activities and provide blood (for lead analysis) and urine specimens (for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) metabolites). Mothers attend up to two additional antenatal study visits, with urine collection, and infants are followed through age 36 months for annual neurodevelopment and caregiving behaviour assessment, and child urine and blood collection. Primary outcomes are child motor skills, language and cognition at 12, 24 and 36 months, and executive function at 36 months. The primary exposure is urinary PAH metabolite concentrations. Additional exposure assessment in a subset of the cohort includes residential indoor and outdoor air monitoring for fine particulate matter (PM2.5), carbon monoxide (CO), ultrafine particles (UFP) and black carbon (BC).Ethics and disseminationThis study was approved by the Kenyatta National Hospital - University of Nairobi Ethics and Research Committee, and the University of Washington Human Subjects Division. Results are shared at annual workshops.
Performance of current tools used for on-the-day assessment and diagnosis of mild traumatic brain injury in sport: a systematic review
Authors: Haste Phoebe , de Almeida e Bueno Leonardo , Jérusalem Antoine , Bergmann Jeroen 
Published: February 2025

ObjectiveThe monitoring and diagnosis of sports-related mild traumatic brain injury (SR-mTBI) remains a challenge. This systematic review summarises the current monitoring tools used for on-the-day assessment and diagnosis of SR-mTBI and their performance.DesignSystematic review, using Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies assessment.Data sourcesEmbase via Ovid, IEEEXplore, Medline via Ovid, Scopus and Web of Science were searched up to June 2024.Eligibility criteriaPeer-reviewed English-language journal articles which measured athletes using the index test within a day of injury and provided a performance measure for the method used. Studies of all designs were accepted, and no reference methods were required.Results2534 unique records were retrieved, with 52 reports included in the review. Participants were 76% male, when reported, and the mean injury-to-measurement time was reported in 10% of reports. 46 different methods were investigated. 38 different reference methods were used, highlighting the lack of gold standard within the field. Area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity and specificity were the most frequent outcome metrics provided. The most frequent index test was the King-Devick (KD) test. However, there were large variations in accuracy metrics between reports for the KD test, for instance, the range of AUC: 0.51–0.92.ConclusionCombinations of existing methods and the KD test were most accurate in assessing SR-mTBI, despite the inconsistent accuracy values related to the KD test. The absence of a gold-standard measurement hampers our ability to diagnose or monitor SR-mTBI. Further exploration of the mechanisms and time-dependent pathophysiology of SR-mTBI could result in more targeted diagnostic and monitoring techniques. The Podium Institute for Sports Medicine and Technology funded this work.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42022376560.
Clinical decision fatigue: a systematic and scoping review with meta-synthesis
Authors: Grignoli Nicola , Manoni Greta , Gianini Jvan , Schulz Peter , Gabutti Luca , Petrocchi Serena 
Published: February 2025

ObjectiveDecision fatigue (DF) can lead to impaired judgement, decreased diagnostic accuracy and increased likelihood of medical errors. Research on DF is scarce, and little is known about its nature in the clinical context. The objective of the present review was to provide a comprehensive framework to understand how the construct of DF in medical settings has been defined and measured. This review aimed to understand DF determinants and consequences and capture motivational factors overlooked in the existing reviews.DesignSystematic and scoping review (ScR) with meta-synthesis.Eligibility criteriaEmpirical and non-empirical papers on clinical DF or related constructs directly impacting clinical decision-making were considered, with doctors of all ages, sexes and nationalities as participants. The Preferred Reporting Item for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses scoping review checklist has been applied and checked.Information sourcesSix databases were systematically searched by two independent researchers according to a predefined set of keywords.Results43 papers were included, of which 25 were empirical. The quantitative studies outnumber the qualitative ones and primarily involved residents in Europe/UK and North America. Internal medicine and primary care were the most studied disciplines. Only one sequential cross-sectional study measured DF in the medical setting, and all other studies addressed the construct indirectly. A conceptual analysis of clinical DF, including narrative contributions, a thematic analysis of the data extracted and a meta-synthesis, is provided. Clinical DF was investigated mostly by individual risk factors analysed through multiple intertwined determinants involving cognitive, emotional, behavioural, social and ethical aspects. Relevant risks, protective factors and negative outcomes circularly increasing DF are outlined.ConclusionsThe review gives solid arguments for developing a clear and coherent definition of clinical DF that allows the implementation of preventive targeted intervention.PROSPERO registration numberThis systematic review was pre-registered in PROSPERO on 8 November 2023 (available online at:https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42023476190, registration number CRD4202347619).
Geometric distribution of plaque calcification is associated with postprocedural hypotension after carotid artery stenting
Authors: Chen Zhicai , Cheng Hui , Zhang Qiongyin , Yu Shufeng , Wang Peng , Xu Chao 
Published: February 2025

BackgroundOur study aimed to investigate the relationship between the geometric distribution of plaque calcification and the occurrence of postprocedural hypotension following carotid artery stenting (CAS).MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed data from CAS patients between April 2018 and February 2023. Plaque calcification was evaluated using cross-sectional images obtained from multiplanar reconstructions perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the internal carotid artery (ICA). The cross-sectional image of the most stenotic ICA was segmented into four quadrants: interior, exterior, ventral, and dorsal. We innovatively defined the geometric classification of plaque calcification based on physiological anatomy as modified calcification location. Postprocedural hypotension was defined as persistent systolic blood pressure at <90 mmHg, requiring intravenous vasopressor infusions that lasted more than 1 hour.ResultsA total of 477 patients were included in the final analysis. Among them, 41 (8.6%) patients experienced postprocedural hypotension after CAS. For the modified geometric method, plaque calcification was found significantly more frequently in the hypotension group compared with the non-hypotension group in the dorsal quadrant. Binary logistic regression analysis showed that modified calcification location on the dorsal side (OR 3.520, 95% CI 1.497 to 8.274, p=0.004) were independently associated with postprocedural hypotension after CAS.ConclusionsThe presence of plaque calcification on the dorsal side, using the modified geometric method, was found to be associated with a three-fold increased risk of postprocedural hypotension after CAS. These findings may have implications for patient screening, procedure planning, and hospitalization duration expectations.
Carotid revascularization and circle of Willis in ocular ischemic syndrome: association with neovascular glaucoma and visual prognosis
Authors: Cheng Xue-ru , Meng Zhao-yang , Zhao Lu , Wang Yan-ling , Wang Jia-lin 
Published: February 2025

BackgroundOcular ischemic syndrome (OIS) and subsequent neovascular glaucoma (NVG) lead to irreversible visual impairment. This study aimed to investigate the association of carotid artery revascularization and the collateral circulation types via the circle of Willis (CoW) with NVG and visual prognosis in patients with OIS.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study included 22 patients with OIS, with a median follow-up of 12 months. The collateral circulation patterns via the CoW were classified into five types. The association of the carotid artery revascularization, collateral circulation types via the CoW, and morphological characteristics of the CoW with the presence of NVG and visual outcomes was assessed.ResultsThe median time interval from baseline to visual decline during follow-ups in patients with carotid artery revascularization was longer than that in patients without carotid artery revascularization (13 months vs 9.5 months, P=0.041). Lacking collateral inflow via the CoW to the hemisphere ipsilateral to OIS was associated with NVG (odds ratio (OR), 11.000; P=0.022). The diameters of the C6 and C7 segments of the internal carotid artery, the A1 segment of the anterior cerebral artery, and the ophthalmic artery in OIS eyes were smaller than those in the contralateral eyes.ConclusionEarly carotid artery revascularization should be considered in patients with OIS, with or without NVG, as it may contribute to an improved visual prognosis. Patients without collateral inflow via the CoW to the hemisphere ipsilateral to OIS may have a higher risk of NVG.
Influence of sacroiliac joint variation on clinical features of axial spondyloarthritis: a comparative analysis
Authors: Aleixo Carolina Dominguez , Ziegeler Katharina , Ulas Sevtap Tugce , Diekhoff Torsten , Greese Juliane , Lindholz Maximilian , Rademacher Judith , Rios Rodriguez Valeria , Poddubnyy Denis , Proft Fabian 
Published: February 2025

ObjectivesAnatomical variation of the sacroiliac (SI) joints is common and specific variants are associated with erosions and bone marrow oedema on imaging. Our investigation aims to evaluate whether anatomical variations influence the clinical presentation of axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA).MethodsIn this propensity score matched post hoc analysis documented clinical data from four prospective clinical cohorts was assessed. Classification of back pain as inflammatory (=IBP), human leucocyte antigen-B27 positivity, family history, disease activity according to Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI), symptom duration, elevated acute phase reactants, peripheral and extramusculoskeletal manifestations were evaluated. Statistical analyses were done using (generalised) linear models, t-tests, χ2tests and analysis of variances. Multiple testing was corrected according to Bonferroni.ResultsA total of 165 patients (86 women) were included. Atypical SI joints, defined by the presence of accessory joint facets, iliosacral complex or crescent-shaped ilii on MRI, were identified in 61 out of 165 patients with axSpA. Disease activity, assessed by BASDAI and symptom duration were similar in both groups (adjusted ß=−0.118 (95% CI -0.713, 0.476), p=0.696 and 120.0 (107.4) vs 116.5 (98.3) months, p=0.838, respectively). There was no significant difference in IBP between the groups (adjusted OR=0.614 (95% CI 0.274, 1.377), p=0.236). Sex-stratified analysis revealed no statistically significant results.ConclusionOur analysis suggests that clinical phenotypes do not significantly differ between patients with axSpA with and without atypical joints.
Negative moments as the signature of the radial density at small distances
Authors: Atoui M. , Hoballah M. , Lassaut M. , Van de Wiele J. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The present paper proposes a robust evaluation of any radial density at small distances using negative-order radial moments evaluated in momentum space. This evaluation provides a valuable insight into the behavior of a given radial density in the vicinity of

$$r=0$$

r
=
0

, and puts strong emphasis on the importance of measuring form factors at large squared four-momentum transfer, a domain essential for the determination of negative order moments. A specific attention is paid to the regularization scheme directly affecting the numerical determination of the radial density’s parametrization. The proposed method is applied to non-relativistic study cases of the nucleon electric (

$$G_{En}, G_{Ep}$$

G

En

,

G

Ep

), and proton magnetic

$$G_{Mp}$$

G

Mp

form factors. The validation is performed through comparison of the results of the approach to the analytically determined Maclaurin expansion - in the vicinity of

$$r=0$$

r
=
0

- of the radial density function. The method is also applied to the relativistic Dirac form factor

$${{F_{1p}}}$$

F

1
p

of the proton. In such a non-trivial case, the Maclaurin development might not exist for the radial density, rendering the determination from the proposed method extremely important.
Optical features and thermal properties of charged AdS Euler–Heisenberg black hole surrounded by perfect fluid dark matter
Authors: Shahzad M. R. , Abbas G. , Zhu Tao , Ali R. H. , Ashraf Asifa , Al-Kahtani Badr S. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In this article, motivated by the high interest in Euler–Heisenberg nonlinear electrodynamic theory, we investigated several thermal aspects of the charged Euler–Heisenberg black hole surrounded by perfect fluid dark matter. To ensure the validity of the first law of thermodynamics, we measured the conserved thermal quantities. Furthermore, the local and global thermal stability of the charged Euler–Heisenberg black hole surrounded by perfect fluid dark matter is also discussed in canonical and grand canonical ensembles and reveals how the coupling parameter affects the stability regions. We also examined the extended second-order phase transition via P–V criticality. Finally, we extend our study to the optical features of the charged Euler–Heisenberg black hole surrounded by perfect fluid dark matter, such as the black hole shadow and energy emission rate and observe the impact of the coupling parameter.
Study some two loop contribution to muon anomalous MDM in the N-B-LSSM
Authors: Han Xing-Yu , Zhao Shu-Min , Ruan Long , Wang Xi , Dong Xing-Xing 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
It is well known that the muon magnetic dipole moment (MDM) has close relation with the new physics (NP) in the development of the Standard Model (SM). Combined with the Fermilab National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL) and the Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) E821 result, the departure from the SM prediction is about 5.0

$$\sigma .$$

σ
.

We study the electroweak corrections from several type two-loop SUSY diagrams and the virtual SUSY particles include chargino, neutralino, scalar lepton and scalar neutrino. Based on the latest experimental constraints, we study the muon anomalous MDM under the next to the minimal supersymmetric extension of the SM with local B-L gauge symmetry (N-B-LSSM). The abundant numerical results verify that

$$\tan {\beta },$$

tan
β
,

$$T_{e22}$$

T

e
22

,

$$~M^2_L,~M^2_e,~M_{BB'}$$

M
L
2

,

M
e
2

,

M

B

B
′

play an important role in muon anomalous MDM.

$$M^2_e,~\tan {\beta }$$

M
e
2

,

tan
β

and

$$~T_{e22}$$

T

e
22

are sensitive parameters to muon anomalous MDM. From the data obtained in all the figures of the numerical results, most of the values of

$$a_{\mu }^{NBL}$$

a

μ

NBL

are in 2

$$\sigma $$

σ

interval, which can compensate the departure between the experiment data and the SM prediction.
Examination of Inter‐α Inhibitor Proteins in Permanent and Transient Focal Ischemia
Authors: Imai Takahiko , de Morais Andreia Lopes , Qin Tao , Sasaki Yuichi , Lim Yow‐Pin , Ayata Cenk 
Published: February 2025

Background
Ischemic stroke is among the most prevalent diseases, with high death and morbidity. Numerous preclinical studies have reported efficacious interventions in rodent stroke models. However, reperfusion therapies remain the only clinically efficacious intervention to date. Rigor and reproducibility are now recognized as critical to bridge the preclinical–clinical disconnect. Inter‐α inhibitor proteins (IαIPs) are a family of structurally related glycoproteins with 2 major forms (inter‐α inhibitor and pre‐α inhibitor) in blood. Purified human plasma–derived IαIP has beneficial effects in sepsis and hypoxic–ischemic brain injury. More recently, IαIP improved focal ischemic stroke outcomes in mouse models. Here, we tested IαIP efficacy in both transient and permanent stroke mouse models, mimicking previously published study designs and protocols to seek reproducibility.

Methods and Results
Using healthy young male and female C57BL/6 mice, we induced transient or permanent endovascular filament middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Mice were divided into transient MCAO+vehicle, transient MCAO+IαIP (30 mg/kg), permanent MCAO+vehicle, and permanent MCAO+IαIP groups. IαIP or vehicle was administered intravenously at 6 and 18 hours after MCAO. End points were assessed at 2 days. Efficacy readouts included death, infarct volume and swelling, and 3 neurological tests. Contrary to the previous work, we did not find IαIP efficacious on any outcome readout in either transient MCAO or permanent MCAO.

Conclusions
Our data highlight the contribution of interlaboratory heterogeneity to study outcomes and suggest that interventions considered for clinical development should undergo rigorous testing in multiple single‐laboratory studies before entering a multicenter preclinical trial.
Novel CT Image‐Based Intracerebral Bleeding Risk Score for Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke Undergoing Thrombolysis
Authors: Fang Shuangfang , Lei Hanhan , Ambler Gareth , Werring David J. , Huang Huapin , Lin Huiying , Wu Xiaomin , Zhang Qinli , Han Xiuyan , Gao Genshan , Chen Ronghua , Chen Jie , Li Hangfeng , Wei Jin , Chen Guangliang , Chen Jianhua , Liu Nan , Du Hou‐wei 
Published: February 2025

Background
Symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH) after intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) remains a feared yet unpredictable complication. We aimed to develop and validate a new predictive model incorporating clinical variables and noncontrast head computed tomography imaging features to predict sICH in patients with AIS receiving intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator.

Methods and Results

The predictive model was derived from 808 patients with AIS in the derivation cohort in Southeast China, based on multivariable logistic regression analysis. External validation was conducted in a validation cohort from Central China. Discrimination, calibration, and clinical usefulness of the predictive model were assessed. We observed 32 sICH events among 808 patients with AIS in the derivation cohort, and 21 sICH events out of 612 participants in the validation cohort. The variables in the predictive model included cerebral small vessel disease burden and early infarct signs on head computed tomography scan, atrial fibrillation, age, systolic blood pressure, and initial National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score. The fitted model showed promising discrimination (optimism‐corrected C statistic of 0.80) and acceptable calibration (Hosmer and Lemeshow goodness of fit
P
=0.816) in the derivation cohort. External validation showed similar discrimination (C statistic 0.82 [95% CI, 0.72–0.91]) and calibration (Hosmer and Lemeshow goodness of fit
P
=0.866).

Conclusions
Our internally and externally validated prediction model for sICH in patients with AIS who received intravenous thrombolysis may facilitate individualized prediction for intracerebral bleeding risk after intravenous thrombolysis for acute ischemic stroke.