bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A review of computerized tomography in blunt abdominal trauma at Christchurch Hospital
Authors: Bohmer RD , Cowan I 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYA review was undertaken of computerized tomography (CT) of the abdomen, performed between March 1993 and December 1994 for blunt abdominal trauma at Christchurch Hospital. CT findings were correlated with the clinical outcome. The outcome was either recovery from an abdominal point of view with or without laparotomy, or postmortem. A total of 116 CTs were reviewed, of which 76 were abnormal.CT was highly sensitive and specific for a variety of abdominal traumatic lesions. There were 1 false positive and 4 false negatives (only 2 of these significant). There was 1 non‐therapeutic laparotomy based on CT findings. There was only 1 case of delayed treatment based on CT results. Three patients had unexplained findings of pneumoperitoneum. Care should be taken when interpreting the presence of free intraperitoneal air on CT scan. The possibility of missed bowel perforation should be considered, especially in the presence of free intra‐abdominal fluid and no solid organ injury to account for it. CT scans are useful in the conservative management of solid organ injuries.
Diagnostic difficulties in extraosseous Ewing's sarcoma: A proposal for diagnostic criteria
Authors: Christie DRH , Bilous AM , Carr PJA 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYFive cases diagnosed as extraosseous Ewing's sarcoma (EES) during a 15‐year period, and the relevant literature, were reviewed. The diagnosis in these cases was difficult to confirm, mainly because the distinction between the osseous form of Ewing's sarcoma (OES) and either periosteal reactions or direct tumour invasion into adjacent bone by EES was often unclear. The literature suggests that other authors have also encountered difficulties. The authors believe that many cases reported as EES are likely to have been OES. This distinction has some importance, as the two conditions are usually treated in differing ways. The following criteria are proposed for the diagnosis of primary EES: (i) no evidence of bony involvement on magnetic resonance imaging; (ii) no evidence of increased uptake in bone or periosteum adjacent to the tumour on static isotope bone scan images; (iii) a small round cell tumour with no differentiating features on light microscopy, immunochemistry or electron microscopy; and (iv) demonstration of cytoplasmic glycogen.
Audit in radiation therapy: Long‐term survival and cost of treatment
Authors: Stevens Graham , Firth Ian 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYIn order to determine the cost of radiation treatment and the survival rate of a cohort of patients treated in a 6‐month period in 1988, estimates of the capital and recurrent costs of this service were made for the calendar year 1988, expressed as $A(1988). Data collected prospectively included workload statistics, including number of attendances, field treated and complexity of treatment. Patient and tumour‐related data included tumour site, intent of treatment and survival. The survival rate of patients during this period was determined in June 1995. The cost per field in 1988 was estimated at $A44.32. The 1988 costs of courses of definitive, adjuvant and palliative radiation therapy were estimated at $A2545, $A2482 and $A929, respectively. The major contributor to the cost was salaries and consumables within the Radiation Oncology Department (81.6%), with capital costs accounting for 13.5%, overheads accounting for 4.5% of the costs and planned admissions accounting for 0.2%. The median survival time of 580 patients with malignant disease treated during this period in 1988 was 12.4 months. The overall 5‐year survival rate was 27%. For 105 patients treated definitively with radiation therapy, the median and 5‐year survival rate figures were 26.0 months and 40%. For 149 patients treated with adjuvant radiation therapy, the 5‐year survival rate was 62% (median survival rate not reached). For 279 patients treated palliatively, median and 5‐year survival rate figures were 5.2 months and 3%. The cost per month of survival for all patients with malignancy was $A67, the figures for definitive, adjuvant and palliative treatments being $A74, $A48 and $A105, respectively. A sensitivity analysis indicated that these figures were robust. The cost of radiation treatment per field was comparable to reports for other centres and emphasizes the utility of radiation therapy as a cost‐effective cancer treatment modality. With increasing pressure on treatment facilities in the public sector, further cost/benefit analysis is required to optimize the use of restricted resources.
Malignant melanoma presenting as bilateral breast masses
Authors: Jayalakshmi S , Chancier S , Prasad RR , Saxena AK , Sharma MC , Rath GK 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYMalignant melanoma presenting initially with disseminated disease is common. However, bilateral breast masses as the initial symptom of malignant melanoma are rare. One such case is detailed here, together with a review of literature.
Aggressive hydatid disease of the foot and ankle
Authors: Akyar GŞ , Berksun A , Oǧuz T 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYAn extremely rare case of aggressive hydatid disease of bone is described in a 29‐year‐old male. Although the disease was limited to the talus at initial presentation, it spread through the entire foot and ankle after surgical treatment. The unusual aggressive nature of the recurrence was attributed to the spread of infestation during the first surgery. Amputation of the foot and ankle was performed due to the invasive nature of the bone and soft tissue involvement.
Acute vascular embolus resulting from metastatic endocardial involvement with synovial sarcoma: Report of a case and review of the literature
Authors: Khoo Vincent , Ngan Samuel , Guiney Michael , Lim‐Joon Daryl 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYA rare case of metastatic soft tissue sarcoma (STS) involving the endocardium of the left ventricle of the heart is described. A 57‐year‐old man with a previously resected synovial sarcoma of the anterior abdominal wall presented 5 years later with an acute ischaemic arm resulting from tumour embolus. The treatment and outcome of the patient are outlined. Metastatic STS cardiac involvement and management of this complication are reviewed.
Lymphomatoid granulomatosis: Case report and review of the literature
Authors: Ng Perry , Dwyer Ross , Hughes Andrew , Despas Paul 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYLymphomatoid granulomatosis (LG) is an uncommon disease now regarded by most authors as an unusual form of lymphoma with the ability to affect any bodily system. The disease and its complications may result in a spectrum of radiological appearances. A case illustrating how cerebral lesions may mimic demyelinating plaque, neoplasm or infection and how pulmonary lesions may lead to pneumopericardium is presented. The difficulty in establishing a definitive diagnosis, due to the non‐specificity of symptoms, pathological investigations and radiological appearances of the disease, is emphasized. Clinicians must therefore consider LG in their differential diagnoses, as delayed treatment may affect prognosis.
Progressive massive fibrosis in the absence of lung modulation
Authors: McCloskey Malachy , Cook Nicola , Cameron David , Summers Quentin 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYProgressive massive fibrosis is a well‐recognized complication of long‐term industrial dust exposure. Typically, it occurs in a setting of background parenchymal nodulation. We wish to report a case occurring in the absence of lung nodules.
Comparison ofthallium‐201 and gallium‐67 scintigraphy in soft tissue and bone marrow multiple myeloma: A case report
Authors: Roach Paul J , Arthur Christopher K 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYA 68‐year‐old female was referred for assessment of multiple myeloma. A large myelomatous infiltrate involving the left triceps muscle showed avid uptake on both thallium‐201 and gallium‐67 scintigraphy. Following radiotherapy, imaging with both radiopharmaceuticals showed resolution of disease; however, tumour recurrence in the bone marrow was seen only on thallium‐201 imaging. This observation suggests that while soft‐tissue myeloma shows similar appearances on thallium‐201 and gallium‐67 scintigraphy, both at baseline and following therapy, gallium‐67 may not demonstrate bone marrow infiltration which is visualized on thallium‐201 imaging. Therefore, thallium‐201 appears to be superior to gallium‐67 in evaluation of patients with multiple myeloma when soft tissues and bone marrow are involved.
Surgical thrombectomy and stent placement for iliac compression syndrome
Authors: La Hei Erik R , Appleberg Michael , Roche James 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThere have been several methods, both surgical and radiological, to attempt to treat ilio‐femoral thrombosis secondary to the iliac compression syndrome. A case is reported here which was managed by a combination of surgical thrombectomy and radiological stenting of the left common iliac vein.
Compression in mammography and the perception of discomfort
Authors: Poulos Ann , Rickard Mary 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYBreast compression in mammography is an uncomfortable experience for most women. The discomfort experienced has the potential to deter women from attending regular breast screening by mammography. The aim of the present study was to assess factors related to the degree of discomfort experienced by women attending for first‐time mammography at the Central and Eastern Sydney BreastScreen Service. Prior to the mammogram, expectations of discomfort, menstrual status, existing breast pain, and other breast problems were recorded on a questionnaire. At the time of the mammogram, breast size and weight were estimated. During the mammogram one of the craniocaudal views of the breast was taken at a slightly lower level of compression and after the procedure the participants were asked if they perceived any difference in discomfort between the normally compressed view and the less compressed view. Radiologists were asked to comment on any differences in image quality between the same two cranio‐caudal films. A total of 200 women, including non‐English‐speaking women, participated in the present study. A total of 29% of women reported moderate, considerable or severe discomfort, a much higher level than reported in previous studies. The source of expectations (P=0.001) had a significant relationship to the expectation of discomfort. Prior expectations (P=0.01) and breast weight (P=0.001) were the only factors found to have a significant relationship to the experience of discomfort. The analysis of differences in level of compression and discomfort indicates that the relationship between mammography discomfort and level of compression is complex and not simply the result of the amount of compression applied. However, analysis of the relationship of varying compression and image quality suggests that a slight lowering in the level of compression is unlikely to significantly compromise perceived image quality. Directions for further research are suggested.
Four‐week arc radiotherapy for B2‐Cprostate cancer: The need for prospective evaluation of short fractionation schemes
Authors: Graham PH , Morris WJ , Pickles P 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYA retrospective review of 173 men with clinical stage B2‐C prostate cancer treated by small‐volume arc radiotherapy to 5200 cGy in 16 fractions over 4 weeks was undertaken. At 5 years, clinical local failure rates were 14% for stage B2 and 18% for stage C. Five‐year survival rates were 81 and 61 %, respectively. No discernible differences were detected between a policy of encompassing the planning target volume by the 90% or 95% isodose. The limitations of this retrospective evidence and that of the literature are discussed. In the context of resource limitations affecting radiation oncology, prospective assessment of this technique is required to determine the true outcome.
WART revisited: The treatment of epithelial ovarian cancer by whole abdominal radiotherapy
Authors: Hruby G , Bull CA , Langlands AO , Gebski V 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe present study investigated outcomes for 78 women with epithelial ovarian carcinoma treated by whole abdominal radiotherapy (WART) after cyto‐reductive surgery at Westmead Hospital between 1980 and 1993. These patients had 5‐year relapse‐free and overall survival rates of 52 and 55%, respectively. The median follow‐up was 7.5 years. Fifty‐eight of the 78 women fulfilled the criteria as defined by the Princess Margaret Hospital's ‘intermediate risk’ category. These patients had both a relapse‐free and overall survival rate of 62% at 5 years (P= 0.001 as compared with the remaining 20 women). Mild gastrointestinal upset was common during radiotherapy. Five women did not complete treatment. Late toxicity (grade 3 or more, using the Radiotherapy Oncology Group (RTOG) system) occurred in eight women, and five women required surgery for intestinal complications (6.4%). There were no deaths due to late side effects. In conclusion the results are consistent with those of other series in the treatment of epithelial ovarian cancer by adjuvant WART. When compared to a similar‐stage disease treated with cisplatin‐based chemotherapy, there is no evidence to support the exclusive use of chemotherapy.
Transcatheter embolization of a congenital intrahepatic arterioportal venous malformation: A case report
Authors: Sing TMYS , Le SDV , Wong KP , Young N 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYCongenital intrahepatic arterioportal venous malformations (APVM) are uncommon lesions. A congenital intrahepatic APVM found incidentally in a 51‐year‐old man during pre‐operative aortography for an abdominal aortic aneurysm is reported here. This was successfully treated by transcatheter embolization of the involved hepatic artery prior to surgical repair of the aortic aneurysm.
Intracerebral haematoma formation in Herpes simplex encephalitis: A case report
Authors: Malik A , Goyal M , Mishra NK , Gaikwad SB , Padma V 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYAcute viral encephalitides have a high mortality and morbidity in all age groups. Early institution of appropriate medical treatment can alter the prognosis dramatically. Imaging studies may be normal or may show a wide variety of subtle findings in the initial stages. Knowledge of the extremely varied clinical as well as radiological expression of the disease is essential to enable timely diagnosis. A case is presented here of histopathologically proven Herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE), wherein a large intracerebral haematoma was seen on imaging studies. Observation of the accompanying subtle findings and knowledge of the variability of expression of this disease helped in reaching the correct diagnosis.
Bamboo skewer perforation of the bowel: Computed tomography appearances
Authors: Peh WCG , Helpert C , Chan CW 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYA 25‐year‐old Chinese woman presented with a painful left‐lower‐quadrant abdominal mass. Computed tomography (CT) demonstrated a dense forked foreign body within an extraluminal mass. A 2.5 cm bamboo skewer surrounded by inflamed omentum was found at laparotomy. Different CT densities of bamboo skewers were obtained when exposed to air, water and 2% Gastrografin in an in vitro experiment. Awareness of the possible variations in appearances of wooden foreign bodies in and around the bowel may aid their CT diagnoses.
Plain radiography and computed tomography of invasive thymomas: Clinico‐radiologic‐pathologic correlation
Authors: Yang WT , Lei KIK , Metrewell C 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYFifteen computed tomography (CT) scans in nine patients with invasive thymoma are presented. The CT findings were an anterior mediastinal mass (89%), pleural deposits (78%), local infiltration of the mediastinum (100%), invasion of the cardiovascular structures (22%), lung invasion (11%) and diaphragmatic or subdiaphragmatic deposits (33%). Radiologic‐pathologic correlation available in six patients showed a sensitivity of 89.5%, specificity of 87.5% and accuracy of 88.6% for CT. We conclude that CT is superior to plain radiography in the diagnosis of invasive thymoma. It provides an accurate pre‐operative assessment by better demonstration of the full extent of abnormalities, and is useful in surgical planning, monitoring of therapeutic response and detecting recurrence.
Intraluminal brachytherapy in the treatment of bile duct carcinomas
Authors: Leung JT , Kuan R 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYPatients with carcinoma of the biliary tract have a poor prognosis because the disease is often unresectable at diagnosis. Intraluminal brachytherapy has been reported as an effective treatment for localized cholangiocarcinoma of the biliary tract. The purpose of our study was to analyse the survival of patients treated with brachytherapy and make some recommendations regarding its use. Fifteen patients underwent brachytherapy via a trans‐hepatic approach at the Royal Prince Alfred Hospital from 1983 to 1993. Eleven patients had low‐dose rate brachytherapy and four patients had high‐dose rate treatment. There were nine males and six females. The median age was 64 years. Other treatment included bypass procedures in two patients, endoscopic stents in 14 patients and external beam irradiation in one patient. The median survival was 12.5 months and 47% of the patients survived 1 year. The only complication reported was cholangitis which was seen in one patient. There did not seem to be any difference in survival or complications between low‐ and high‐dose rate brachytherapy. We conclude that the addition of intraluminal brachytherapy after biliary drainage prolongs survival and is a safe and effective treatment, but patients still have a high rate of local failure, and further studies will be needed to address this problem.
Acetabular labrum tear in a 15‐year‐old male: Diagnosis with correlative imaging
Authors: Kelley B , Anderson R , Miles K 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYA 15‐year‐old male with unresolved hip pain after minor trauma is presented. The diagnosis of an acetabular labral tear was made using correlative scintigraphic and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, obviating the more invasive investigations of arthrography or arthroscopy of the hip. The clinical and radiological features of this lesion are reviewed. Undiagnosed, acetabular labral tears may result in considerable morbidity. Appropriate operative or conservative management of the condition usually provides symptomatic relief.
Leiomyosarcoma of the oesophagus: A case report and literature review of leiomyosarcoma
Authors: Visioli A , Daniel FJ 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYLeiomyosarcomas are uncommon tumours. Oesophageal leiomyosarcomas are even rarer. A case is presented of this rare tumour which on review of the literature seems to be the first patient surviving 22 years from the original treatment. We include a literature review of the clinical behaviour and management of leiomyosarcoma.
Budd‐Chiari syndrome: Intractable ascites managed by a trans‐hepatic portacaval shunt
Authors: Nicoll A , Fitt G , Angus P , Sewell R , Hennessy O 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYTransjugular intrahepatic portosytemic shunts (TIPS) have recently been used to manage the portal hypertensive complications of the Budd‐Chiari syndrome. We report this application of TIPS (to our knowledge the first such application in Australia) in a young man with an excellent result and no major complications. This treatment offers an alternative to portacaval shunt surgery and has the advantage of bypassing a stenosed or compressed inferior vena cava. Additionally, the procedure does not complicate liver transplantation surgery if this is indicated at a later date.
A case of bladder agenesis
Authors: Paşaoglu E , Tokoglu F , Boyacigil S , Karakaş M , Ardiç S , Yüksel E 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYAgenesis of the bladder is a rare anomaly, and it is usually associated with the absence of the urethra. In the case report herein, a normal urethra was found with ureters emptying into the posterior urethra. The right kidney was non‐functioning and small.
Extrarenal angiomyolipomas of the perinephric space in tuberose sclerosis
Authors: Hanna RM , Dahniya MH , Al‐Marzouk N , Grexa E 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYA case of bilateral angiomyolipomas of the perinephric space in a young Arab woman with tuberose sclerosis is reported. Multiple small angiomyolipomata were present in both kidneys and there was pulmonary involvement. The literature on this very rare occurrence is briefly reviewed.
Endoluminal brachytherapy for recurrent laryngeal carcinoma
Authors: Latham MM , Smart GP , Hedland‐Thomas B , Harper CS 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYEarly‐stage squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx is usually treated with local field radiotherapy. Surgery is used for salvage following recurrence. Further recurrences present a more difficult therapeutic problem which requires individualized management. The aims of local control, survival, maintenance of function and minimizing side effects all need to be balanced according to the site and extent of disease. The present case study looks at the management of a 54‐year‐old man with multiple recurrences from a squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx. It describes a technique of endoluminal brachytherapy using an iridium‐192 wire spiralled around the outer part of a tracheostomy tube that achieves good local control while enabling self‐insertion and self‐cleaning during the procedure. The dose given was 2500 cGy at 5 mm over 25.2 h and was achieved with minimal early or delayed side effects. The patient had no further symptoms relating to the stomal recurrence until his death from metastatic disease 6 months later.
Aggressive skin cancers in a cardiac transplant recipient
Authors: Veness MJ 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYSkin cancers following cardiac transplantation are a serious problem that may lead to significant morbidity and mortality. While the majority of skin cancers represent minimally invasive lesions that are treated adequately by local means, a small subset exhibits a potentially life‐threatening natural history. The aggressiveness of these skin cancers, despite standard treatment, is indicative of the aggressive nature displayed by a subset of secondary malignancies following cardiac transplantation. The need for lifelong maintenance immunosuppression after transplantation is a major factor in the development of these secondary malignancies. Presented here is the case study of a cardiac transplant recipient who developed multiple aggressive squamous and non‐squamous cell scalp skin cancers.
Computed tomography features of lung parenchymal changes in pulmonary tuberculosis
Authors: Aribandi M , Gulati M , Behera D , Das KM , Chandra NE , Suri S 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYTwenty‐five patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis were prospectively studied with CT. Three major parenchymal patterns were noted. The nodular opacities pattern was seen in all cases. Confluent consolidation was seen in 37% of patients and consolidation with associated loss of volume (CWALV) was seen in 69% of patients. High‐resolution CT (HRCT) features of bronchogenic spread included (i) a centrilobular nodule or a branching linear structure (92.3%); (ii) bronchial wall thickening (61.5%); (iii) a‘tree in bud’appearance (92.3%); and (iv) poorly marginated 5‐8 mm nodules (61.5%). Most of the patterns showed satellite lesions in the form of small nodules or peripheral areas of increased attenuation. Cavitation was most common in CWALV lesions. Bronchiectasis was a common accompaniment (81.3%), and its occurrence paralleled the distribution of parenchymal lesions. Associated pleural thickening was noted in half the cases. To conclude, distinctive parenchymal changes were noted with CT in cases of pulmonary tuberculosis, which may suggest the diagnosis in the appropriate clinical setting.