bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Developing an evidence base for behavioural interventions: a case study of the Headsprout® early reading programme
Authors: Denne Louise D. , Roberts-Tyler Emily J. , Grindle Corinna 
Published: March 2024

Purpose
Evidence-informed decision-making is considered best practice when choosing interventions in applied settings across health, social care and education. Developing that evidence base, however, is not straightforward. The pupose of this paper is to describe the process implemented by the Sharland Foundation Developmental Disabilities Applied Behavioural Research and Impact Network (SF-DDARIN) that systematically develops an evidence base for behaviorally based interventions.

Design/methodology/approach
In this case study, the progressive research steps undertaken by the SF-DDARIN to develop the evidence base for an online reading intervention, the Headsprout® Early Reading programme (HER®), which uses behavioural principles to promote learning to read, are described.

Findings
A series of discrete projects targeting gaps in the evidence base for HER® led to funding two randomised controlled trials in England, one in education and one in health and social care.

Originality/value
This case study illustrates an original, creative and effective way of collaborating across academic research departments and applied settings to extend the evidence base for a chosen intervention systematically.
Real‐world effectiveness and safety of bimekizumab in Japanese patients with psoriasis: A single‐center retrospective study
Authors: Hagino Teppei , Saeki Hidehisa , Fujimoto Eita , Kanda Naoko 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBimekizumab, which suppresses both interleukin (IL)‐17A and IL‐17F, has recently been approved as a biologic for psoriasis. We aimed to evaluate the real‐world effectiveness and safety of bimekizumab for psoriasis and to identify predictive factors for its treatment responsiveness. We analyzed 36 Japanese patients with psoriasis (19 with psoriasis vulgaris and 17 with psoriatic arthritis) from May 2022 to September 2023. All patients received bimekizumab (320 mg every 4 weeks) until week 16. Seventeen patients (43.2%) had experienced bio‐switch. The median (interquartile range) baseline total psoriasis area and severity index (PASI) was 6 (3.2–20.0). Total PASI rapidly and significantly decreased at week 4 by a median 79.8% from baseline, and gradually decreased thereafter. The PASI on the trunk, and upper and lower limbs rapidly and significantly decreased at week 4 compared to baseline and plateaued thereafter. The neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio and neutrophil number significantly decreased at week 16 compared to baseline. At weeks 4, 8, 12, and 16, the achievement rate of absolute PASI ≤2 was 72.2%, 80.6%, 92.9%, and 96.4%, respectively; that of absolute PASI ≤1 was 41.7%, 61.3%, 85.7%, and 82.1%; that of PASI 75 was 55.5%, 52.9%, 69.7%, and 75.8%; that of PASI 90 was 36.1%, 50.0%, 57.6%, and 62.9%; and that of PASI 100 was 19.4%, 38.2%, 51.5%, or 57.6%, respectively. Linear multivariate regression analysis revealed that younger age was associated with a higher percentage reduction of total PASI at weeks 4 and 8. There were no serious or fatal adverse events during treatment. In conclusion, bimekizumab rapidly and remarkably reduced the total PASI together with high achievement rates of absolute PASI ≤1 and ≤2, and with favorable safety in real‐world clinical practice. Younger age may be a predictive factor for a good treatment response to bimekizumab.
Community‐science reveals delayed fall migration of waterfowl and spatiotemporal effects of a changing climate
Authors: Frei Barbara , Cox Amelia R. , Morales Ana C. , Roy Christian 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Climate change has well‐documented, yet variable, influences on the annual movements of migratory birds. The effects of climate change on fall migration remains understudied compared with spring but appears to be less consistent among species, regions and years. Changes in the pattern and timing of waterfowl migration in particular may result in cascading effects on ecosystem function, and socio‐economic and cultural outcomes.

We investigated changes in the migration of 15 waterfowl species along a major flyway corridor of continental importance in northeastern North America using 43 years of community‐science data. We built spatially‐ and temporally explicit hierarchical generative additive models for each species and demonstrated that climate, specifically the interaction between minimum temperature and precipitation, significantly influences migration phenology for most species.

Certain species' migratory movements responded to specific temperature thresholds (climate migrants) and others reacted more to the interaction of temperature and precipitation (extreme event migrants). There are already significant changes in the fall migration phenology of common waterfowl species with high ecological and economic importance, which may simply increase in the context of a changing climate.

If not addressed, climate change could induce mismatches in management, regulations and population surveys which would negatively impact the hunting industry. Our findings highlight the importance of considering species‐specific spatiotemporal scales of effect on climate on migration and our methods can be widely adapted to quantify and forecast climate‐driven changes in wildlife migration.
Fine‐scale diet data reveal spatial variation in predator–prey interactions in Norwegian fjords
Authors: Tengvall Jessica , Søvik Guldborg , Enberg Katja , Lindstrøm Ulf , Strand Mette , Pedersen Torstein , Strand Hans Kristian , Zimmermann Fabian 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Predator–prey interactions in time and space determine stock productivity, making them an important consideration when managing marine resources, rebuilding stocks or considering reopening a fishery.

We analysed fine‐scale diet data from surveys conducted in 2009–2010 and 2018–2019 in three fjords in northern Norway with geostatistical models investigating how predation varied in space, time and between predator species. Our focus prey species was northern shrimp (Pandalus borealis), valuable both as a commercial resource and a major food source for other important species like Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua).

Diet composition of fish predators differed clearly between fjords. While predator species and size were good predictors of shrimp predation, the relationships with bathymetry, prey density and geospatial variables were complex.

Our study indicates that predation of forage species, such as shrimp, varies spatially in heterogenous fjord ecosystems. Shrimp consumption was not highest in the fjord with highest predator density, indicating a higher dependency of cod on shrimp in specific areas.

Realized predation is a complex combination of predator and prey densities and predator ecology that differed in each of the three fjords.

Synthesis and applications. Ignoring spatial variations in predator–prey interactions may lead to an inaccurate perception of stock productivity, suboptimal management and possibly unsustainable management targets. We recommend spatially explicit assessment and management for fish stocks where predator–prey interactions vary substantially in space, such as fjords and reefs.
Landscapes of risk: A comparative analysis of landscape metrics for the ecotoxicological assessment of pesticide risk to bees
Authors: Nicholson Charlie C. , Lonsdorf Eric V. , Andersson Georg K. S. , Knapp Jessica L. , Svensson Glenn P. , Gönczi Mikaela , Jonsson Ove , de Miranda Joachim R. , Williams Neal M. , Rundlöf Maj 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Pesticide use in agricultural landscapes creates environmental contamination that is heterogenous in space and time. Mobile organisms, such as bees, are exposed to multiple contamination sources when visiting patches that vary in the amount, timing and toxicity of pesticides used. Yet, environmental risk assessments (ERA) typically fail to consider this heterogeneity, in part because of the complexities of estimating exposure to different pesticides, and subsequent risk at organism‐relevant scales.

We use pesticide assays of 269 bee‐collected pollen samples to understand the spatiotemporal variability of risk across a network of 41 field sites in southern Sweden. Observed bee pesticide risk is calculated based on compound‐specific residue quantifications in pollen and standardized toxicity data. We then compare the ability of three classes of landscape‐scale variables to predict this risk: (1) landscape composition and configuration metrics, (2) landscape load based on national pesticide use data and (3) predictions from a newly developed bee pesticide exposure model.

Based on use data, 10 crops account for 81% of the total risk. We detected 49 pesticide compounds in bee‐collected pollen. Although herbicides and fungicides constitute the bulk of detected pesticides, both in frequency and amount quantified, unsurprisingly, insecticides contribute the most to risk.

Landscape composition and configuration metrics did not predict observed pesticide risk, and interactions with bee species indicate taxa‐dependency in predictions. Landscape load predicted observed risk consistently between taxa. Risk estimates from our exposure model were strongly predictive but only when considering realized risk (i.e., risk estimates based on prior pesticide use information).

Synthesis and applications. Predicting pesticide risk based on landscape patterns could enable landscape‐scale ERA. However, simple metrics of landscape pattern, such as proportion of agricultural land, are not sufficient. We found that risk observed in bee‐collected pollen was best predicted when integrating spatialized pesticide use in the pesticide exposure model, underscoring the importance of such data for research, monitoring and mitigation. Further, we propose a guidance framework for future landscape ecotoxicological risk analyses that clarifies data needs relative to risk prediction goals.
Bacterial rarity in a subarctic stream network: Biodiversity patterns, assembly mechanisms and types of rarity
Authors: Malazarte Jacqueline , Muotka Timo , Jyväsjärvi Jussi , Lehosmaa Kaisa , Mustonen Kaisa‐Riikka , Tarvainen Laura , Huttunen Kaisa‐Leena 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDendritic stream networks are an intriguing subject for exploring the spatial and temporal variability of the rare and common bacterial biosphere, yet very few such studies have been conducted. We sampled riverine bacterioplankton at 13 sites in a subarctic riverine network across 3 years, with five sampling times each year. Ordinations showed a consistent pattern of downstream shift for both rare and abundant subcommunities. We also detected a temporal signal, with seasonal community shifts reflecting changes in water temperature and groundwater contribution, and an inter‐annual pattern where the year 2018 differed from other years. Phylogenetic turnover of the rare subcommunity indicated homogeneous selection, whereas the abundant subcommunity was mainly stochastically structured. Transiently rare taxa were the dominant type of rarity with the highest proportion at the headwater regions. The bacterioplankton community was characterized by a small group of core taxa that occurred at most sites with little temporal variation, a very large number of permanently or transiently rare taxa, and taxa shifting through time between the rare and abundant biosphere. While this basic structure could have been detected with less extensive temporal replication, a comprehensive understanding of the rare biosphere in riverine bacterioplankton can only be achieved via inter‐annual, spatially replicated sampling that covers the whole stream network.
Differential structure and function of phosphorus‐mineralizing microbial communities in organic and upper mineral soil horizons across a temperate rainforest chronosequence
Authors: Dunfield Kari E. , Mitter Eduardo K. , Richardson Alan E. , Gaiero Jonathan R. , Khosla Kamini , Chen Xiaodong , Wells Andrew , Haygarth Philip M. , Condron Leo M. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMicrobial community structure and function were assessed in the organic and upper mineral soil across a ~4000‐year dune‐based chronosequence at Big Bay, New Zealand, where total P declined and the proportional contribution of organic soil in the profile increased with time. We hypothesized that the organic and mineral soils would show divergent community evolution over time with a greater dependency on the functionality of phosphatase genes in the organic soil layer as it developed. The structure of bacterial, fungal, and phosphatase‐harbouring communities was examined in both horizons across 3 dunes using amplicon sequencing, network analysis, and qPCR. The soils showed a decline in pH and total phosphorus (P) over time with an increase in phosphatase activity. The organic horizon had a wider diversity of Class A (phoN/phoC) and phoD‐harbouring communities and a more complex microbiome, with hub taxa that correlated with P. Bacterial diversity declined in both horizons over time, with enrichment of Planctomycetes and Acidobacteria. More complex fungal communities were evident in the youngest dune, transitioning to a dominance of Ascomycota in both soil horizons. Higher phosphatase activity in older dunes was driven by less diverse P‐mineralizing communities, especially in the organic horizon.
Mitophagy defect mediates the aging‐associated hallmarks in Hutchinson–Gilford progeria syndrome
Authors: Sun Yingying , Xu Le , Li Yi , Jia Shunze , Wang Gang , Cen Xufeng , Xu Yuyan , Cao Zhongkai , Wang Jingjing , Shen Ning , Hu Lidan , Zhang Jin , Mao Jianhua , Xia Hongguang , Liu Zhihong , Fu Xudong 
Published: March 2024

AbstractHutchinson–Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) is a rare and fatal disease manifested by premature aging and aging‐related phenotypes, making it a disease model for aging. The cellular machinery mediating age‐associated phenotypes in HGPS remains largely unknown, resulting in limited therapeutic targets for HGPS. In this study, we showed that mitophagy defects impaired mitochondrial function and contributed to cellular markers associated with aging in mesenchymal stem cells derived from HGPS patients (HGPS‐MSCs). Mechanistically, we discovered that mitophagy affected the aging‐associated phenotypes of HGPS‐MSCs by inhibiting the STING‐NF‐ĸB pathway and the downstream transcription of senescence‐associated secretory phenotypes (SASPs). Furthermore, by utilizing UMI‐77, an effective mitophagy inducer, we showed that mitophagy induction alleviated aging‐associated phenotypes in HGPS and naturally aged mice. Collectively, our results uncovered that mitophagy defects mediated the aging‐associated markers in HGPS, highlighted the function of mitochondrial homeostasis in HGPS progression, and suggested mitophagy as an intervention target for HGPS and aging.
Unraveling genomic diversity and positive selection signatures of Qaidam cattle through whole‐genome re‐sequencing
Authors: Wei Xudong , Li Shuang , Yan Huixuan , Chen Shengmei , Li Ruizhe , Zhang Weizhong , Chao Shengyu , Guo Weixing , Li Wenhao , Ahmed Zulfiqar , Lei Chuzhao , Ma Zhijie 
Published: March 2024

AbstractQaidam cattle are a typical Chinese native breed inhabiting northwest China. They bear the characteristics of high cold and roughage tolerance, low‐oxygen adaptability and good meat quality. To analyze the genetic diversity of Qaidam cattle, 60 samples were sequenced using whole‐genome resequencing technology, along with 192 published sets of whole‐genome sequencing data of Indian indicine cattle, Chinese indicine cattle, North Chinese cattle breeds, East Asian taurine cattle, Eurasian taurine cattle and European taurine cattle as controls. It was found that Qaidam cattle have rich genetic diversity in Bos taurus, but the degree of inbreeding is also high, which needs further protection. The phylogenetic analysis, principal component analysis and ancestral component analysis showed that Qaidam cattle mainly originated from East Asian taurine cattle. Qaidam cattle had a closer genetic relationship with the North Chinese cattle breeds and the least differentiation from Mongolian cattle. Annotating the selection signals obtained by composite likelihood ratio, nucleotide diversity analysis, integrated haplotype score, genetic differentiation index, genetic diversity ratio and cross‐population extended haplotype homozygosity methods, several genes associated with immunity, reproduction, meat, milk, growth and adaptation showed strong selection signals. In general, this study provides genetic evidence for understanding the germplasm characteristics of Qaidam cattle. At the same time, it lays a foundation for the scientific and reasonable protection and utilization of genetic resources of Chinese local cattle breeds, which has great theoretical and practical significance.
The risk of delirium after sedation with propofol or midazolam in intensive care unit patients
Authors: van Gelder Thomas G. , van Diem‐Zaal Irene J. , Dijkstra‐Kersten Sandra M. A. , de Mul Nikki , Lalmohamed Arief , Slooter Arjen J. C. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAimKnowledge of risk factors may provide strategies to reduce the high burden of delirium in intensive care unit (ICU) patients. We aimed to compare the risk of delirium after deep sedation with propofol versus midazolam in ICU patients.MethodsIn this prospective cohort study, ICU patients who were in an unarousable state for ≥24 h due to continuous sedation with propofol and/or midazolam were included. Patients admitted ≤24 h, those with an acute neurological disorder and those receiving palliative sedation were excluded. ICU patients were assessed daily for delirium during the 7 days following an unarousable state due to continuous sedation.ResultsAmong 950 included patients, 605 (64%) subjects were delirious during the 7 days after awaking. The proportion of subsequent delirium was higher after midazolam sedation (152/207 [73%] patients) and after both propofol and midazolam sedation (257/377 [68%] patients), compared to propofol sedation only (196/366 [54%] patients). Midazolam sedation (adjusted cause‐specific hazard ratio [adj. cause‐specific HR] 1.32, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.05‐1.66) and propofol and midazolam sedation (adj. cause‐specific HR 1.29, 95% CI 1.06‐1.56) were associated with a higher risk of subsequent delirium compared to propofol sedation only.ConclusionThis study among sedated ICU patients suggests that, compared to propofol sedation, midazolam sedation is associated with a higher risk of subsequent delirium. This risk seems more apparent in patients with high cumulative midazolam intravenous doses. Our findings underpin the recommendations of the Society of Critical Care Medicine Pain, Agitation/sedation, Delirium, Immobility (rehabilitation/mobilization), and Sleep (disruption) guidelines to use propofol over benzodiazepines for sedation in ICU patients.
MFN2 suppresses the accumulation of lipid droplets and the progression of clear cell renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Cai Zhiduan , Luo Wenjun , Wang Haoran , Zhu Rui , Yuan Yaoji , Zhan Xiangyu , Xie Mengyuan , Zhuang Haoquan , Chen Haoyu , Xu Yuyu , Li Xiezhao , Liu Leyuan , Xu Guibin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDissolving the lipid droplets in tissue section with alcohol during a hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stain causes the tumor cells to appear like clear soap bubbles under a microscope, which is a key pathological feature of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). Mitochondrial dynamics have been reported to be closely associated with lipid metabolism and tumor development. However, the relationship between mitochondrial dynamics and lipid metabolism reprogramming in ccRCC remains to be further explored. We conducted bioinformatics analysis to identify key genes regulating mitochondrial dynamics differentially expressed between tumor and normal tissues and immunohistochemistry and Western blot to confirm. After the target was identified, we created stable ccRCC cell lines to test the impact of the target gene on mitochondrial morphology, tumorigenesis in culture cells and xenograft models, and profiles of lipid metabolism. It was found that mitofusin 2 (MFN2) was downregulated in ccRCC tissues and associated with poor prognosis in patients with ccRCC. MFN2 suppressed mitochondrial fragmentation, proliferation, migration, and invasion of ccRCC cells and growth of xenograft tumors. Furthermore, MFN2 impacted lipid metabolism and reduced the accumulation of lipid droplets in ccRCC cells. MFN2 suppressed disease progression and improved prognosis for patients with ccRCC possibly by interrupting cellular lipid metabolism and reducing accumulation of lipid droplets.
Primary cutaneous NUT carcinoma with BRD4::NUTM1 fusion
Authors: Shah Ahmed , Box Adrian , Brenn Thomas , Flaman Ashley 
Published: March 2024

AbstractNuclear protein in testis (NUT) carcinoma, molecularly defined by the NUTM1 gene rearrangement, is most commonly reported in young adults in the sinonasal tract, nasopharynx, or thorax. At these sites, NUT carcinoma is an extremely aggressive malignancy with dismal prognosis. Recently, five cases of primary cutaneous NUT adnexal carcinoma have been reported with BRD3 and NSD3 fusion partners. Although NUT adnexal carcinomas are shown to have metastatic potential, they may behave less aggressively than extracutaneous NUT carcinomas. We report a case of a 59‐year‐old man who underwent a biopsy of a 3‐cm plantar mass, which showed BRD4::NUTM1 fusion. The tumor was a poorly differentiated dermal neoplasm showing cytologic atypia, large vesicular nuclei with prominent nucleoli, conspicuous mitotic activity, and foci of necrosis. Immunohistochemically, the tumor showed positivity for keratins, EMA, SOX10, and NUT, with patchy smooth muscle actin. Molecular testing revealed BRD4::NUTM1 rearrangement. With no alternative primary identified by imaging, a diagnosis of primary cutaneous NUT carcinoma was favored. We hope to contribute to the limited body of knowledge on this entity, with emphasis on recognition as well as studying and defining its prognostic differences from extracutaneous NUT carcinomas.