bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recognition and Therapeutic Management of Migraine in 2004, in France: Results of FRAMIG 3, a French Nationwide Population‐Based Survey
Authors: Lucas Christian , Géraud Gilles , Valade Dominique , Chautard Marie‐Hélène , Lantéri‐Minet Michel 
Published: March 2006

Objective.—To evaluate the proportion of migraineurs who are self‐aware of their disease in France, to determine the factors (disability, quality of life, psychiatric comorbidities, and medical consultation) that may promote self‐awareness of migraine, and to assess the influence of these factors on migraine attacks.Background.—New recommendations for migraine diagnosis and medical management were released in 2003 by the French medicoeconomic evaluation service (ANAES). In addition, the revised classification of headache disorders recently issued by the International Headache Society includes probable migraine as a form of migraine. However, strict and probable migraine now appear to be part of the same spectrum of disease.Methods.—Subjects with migraine (strict or probable) according to the revised classification were identified by a postal questionnaire from a large representative sample of the French adult population. Migraine‐related disability was assessed using the MIDAS questionnaire, anxiety and depression by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale (HADS), and health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) by the 8 concepts of the Short‐Form 12 (SF‐12) questionnaire. Migraine management was assessed according to the use of recommended or nonrecommended treatments, and treatment efficacy according to the set of 4 questions designed by the ANAES.Results.—Of the 10,532 subjects interviewed, 1,179 subjects (21.3%) were identified as migraineurs. Sixty percent of all migraine subjects were not self‐aware that they had migraine. Medical consultation, duration of migraine history, severe intensity of attacks, impact on daily living, and female gender promoted self‐awareness of migraine. On the other hand, HRQoL and anxiety and depression scores were not different between subjects self‐aware or not self‐aware of migraine. Only 20% of all migraine subjects were medically followed‐up. Quality of the first medical consultation appears determinant for continued consulting. Subjects self‐aware of migraine more frequently used recommended acute treatments of migraine, which proved more effective than nonrecommended treatments as assessed according to the ANAES set of questions.Conclusions.—Migraine medical diagnosis and follow‐up remain low in France. Careful medical consultation is a prime factor for migraine subject self‐awareness of migraine, continued consultation, and use of recommended medications for the treatment of migraine attacks.
Factors Influencing Migraineur‐Consulting Behavior in a University Population
Authors: Skomo Monica L. , Desselle Shane P. , Berdine Hildegarde J. 
Published: March 2006

Objective.—The purpose of this study was to identify factors that contribute to treatment‐seeking behavior in migraineurs in a large employer population. Specifically, the impact of psychographic variables, such as social support, attitudes toward medication, locus of control, and migraine‐associated disability, are considered concomitantly with demographic and disease severity variables.Background.—Migraine remains an underconsulted condition. Previous explorations of demographic factors and headache characteristics have not adequately predicted migraineur physician‐consulting behavior.Methods.—University employees and students experiencing headaches were interviewed by pharmacists to determine whether they suffer from migraine using the International Headache Society (IHS) criteria for migraine. Identified migraineurs were categorized into 3 groups: (1) never‐consulter, (2) lapsed‐consulter, and (3) current‐consulter. Each group was asked to complete an instrument that assesses perceived social support (Headache Social Support Questionnaire), medication attitudes (Beliefs about Medicines Questionnaire), locus of control (Headache‐Specific Locus of Control Scale), and migraine‐associated disability (Migraine Disability Assessment Questionnaire). Univariate (ANOVA) and multivariate (logistic regression) approaches were used to identify factors associated with migraineur‐consulting behavior.Results.—A total of 100 subjects participated in the study. Eighty‐two participants met IHS criteria for migraine, of whom 22 were never‐consulters, 20 were lapsed‐consulters, and 40 were current‐consulters. The consulter groups differed on scores acquired from the Social Support Active Involvement subscale (P= .04) and the Healthcare Professional Locus of Control subscale (P= .010). The logistic regression procedures confirmed the contributions of social support and healthcare locus of control in predicting migraineur‐consulting behavior.Conclusion.—Results suggest that attitudes concerning the role of healthcare professionals and the presence of a supportive social network have greater influence on migraineur‐consulting behavior than do patient demographic characteristics, beliefs about medications, and migraine frequency and severity. With an understanding of the link between psychosocial variables and consulting behavior, healthcare professionals may be able to positively impact migraineur physician consultation rates, drug therapy, and quality of life.
A naturally occurring Leu33Val mutation in β3‐integrin impairs the HPA‐1a epitope: the third allele of HPA‐1
Authors: Santoso Sentot , Kroll Hartmut , Andrei‐Selmer Cornelia L. , Socher Ines , Rankin Angela , Kretzschmar Evelyne , Watkins Nicholas A. , Ouwehand Willem H. 
Published: March 2006

BACKGROUND:  Single‐amino‐acid substitution Leu33Pro in the β3‐integrin is responsible for the formation of the human platelet antigen (HPA)‐1. Alloimmunization against HPA‐1a (β3‐Leu33) is the most frequent cause of neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia and posttransfusion purpura.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS:  While HPA‐1 genotyping a large cohort of patients with thromboembolic disease with a thermal cycler (LightCycler), one patient was identified with a unique HPA‐1a melting curve.RESULTS:  Sequence analysis revealed a C‐to‐G transversion at nucleotide 175 in the β3‐integrin (ITGB3) gene that alters the Leu33 codon to Val33. Further genotyping of healthy blood donors (n = 2950) identified one nonrelated Pro33Val33‐positive individual. To examine whether the presence of Val33 affected the binding pattern of HPA‐1 alloantibodies, transfectants were generated expressing recombinant β3‐Leu33 or β3‐Val33. Interestingly, differences in the reactivity of anti‐HPA‐1a were observed, with some HPA‐1a alloantibodies showing diminished reactivity with β3‐Val33 compared to β3‐Leu33 and others reacting equally with both types. Similar findings were observed with recombinant human HPA‐1a antibodies, with one of the three not binding to β3‐Val33.CONCLUSIONS:  Our results demonstrate that the naturally occurring Leu33Val mutation in the β3‐integrin can disrupt some HPA‐1a epitopes. These findings provide evidence for a heterogeneous humoral response against HPA‐1a that may have potential clinical implications for alloimmune thrombocytopenia disorders.
Resource utilization in a Canadian national study of people with schizophrenia and related psychotic disorders
Authors: Kopala L. , Smith G. , Malla A. , Williams R. , Love L. , Talling D. , Balshaw R. 
Published: March 2006

Objective:  To determine how the use of the newer, so called atypical antipsychotic medications, effects the pharmacoeconomic treatment burden of schizophrenia and related conditions and to provide a clear comparison of the costs and risks associated with these atypical drugs.Method:  In this 2‐year, open‐label, prospective study, resource utilization (RU) data were collected on 160 patients with these conditions. A comparison between risks and costs was performed by combining the generalized CNOMSS data on both economic factors and risk assessments.Results:  The main findings of the study were that the total adjusted 1‐ and 2‐year costs were lowest for quetiapine. Drug acquisition costs were lowest for risperidone for both the 1‐ and 2‐year cohorts. Clozapine use was predictably associated with the highest overall and medication costs at both 1 and 2 years.Conclusion:  Treatment with risperidone or quetiapine was associated with the lowest overall costs when compared with olanzapine or clozapine.
Opportunism in Inter-firm Exchanges in Emerging Markets
Authors: Luo Yadong 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThis article develops a theoretical model of opportunism in inter-organizational exchanges in emerging markets. I decompose opportunism into ‘strong form’ (contractual norm violation) and ‘weak form’ (relational norm violation), and suggest that strong form tends to be more observable, measurable and remediable than weak form and its adverse effect on cooperation tends to be stronger but less enduring than weak form. I address how external uncertainty, a multidimensional concept that includes market volatility, legal unprotectability, information unverifiability and regulatory variability, along with internal uncertainty that reflects dyadic tensions such as goal disparity, resource misfit, cultural dissimilarity and bargaining asymmetry, together affect exchange members' opportunism. This is followed by further discussions on conditions under which firms will opt for strong form or weak form opportunism in the face of such external and internal uncertainties. I suggest that suppressing forces against opportunism necessitates not only economic ordering, such as contractual mechanisms and structural mechanisms, but also social ordering, such as relational mechanisms and justice mechanisms. I expect that economic ordering is more effective in resisting strong form opportunism while social ordering is more forceful in curtailing weak form opportunism.
Distribution and Dispersion Patterns of Individuals in Nine Species of Lepanfhes (Orchidaceae)1
Authors: Tremblay Raymond L. 
Published: March 2006

ABSTRACTDispersion of individuals and patches of individuals are presented for nine species of epiphytic and lithophytic orchids in the genus Lepanthes. Patches is defined as the group of individuals present on a phorophyte. Mean number and standard error of reproductive individuals per patch range from 11.6 ± 5.1 in Lepanthes eltoroensis, to 45.5 ± 5.2 in L. rupestris. Most patches contain few reproductive individuals and usually a few patches had most of the adults. The distribution of patch sizes is skewed and most patches carry fewer individuals than the mean. Therefore means may not be an appropriate measure of central tendency as shown by mean crowding and mean patchiness indices. Mean distances between patches range from 4.8 m in L. rupestris to 95.5 m in L. dodiana. Most species have a mean nearest neighbor patch further than 50 m. A regular pattern of dispersion is often observed at distances of 5 and 10 m while at larger distances patches are more frequently aggregated. Large distances between patches and few individuals per patch suggest that small effective population sizes may be common in these orchids if gene flow is restricted.RESUMENLa distribución espacial de los individuos y las poblaciones vegetales son componentes importantes que influyen en el proceso de apareamiento. La dispersión de los individuos y grupos de estos individuos (o parchos) se presentan para nueve especies de orquídeas epifíticas del género Lepanthes. El número promedio y error estandard de los individuos reproductivos por parcho fluctúa desde 11.6 ± 5.1 en Lepanthes eltoroensis hasta 45.5 ± 5.2 en L. rupestris. La mayoría de los parchos tenían pocos individuos reproductivos y usualmente algunos de los parchos tenían la mayoría de los individuos; la distribución de frecuencias del tamaño de los parchos es desviada y la mayoría de los parchos tenía menos adultos que el promedio. Parece que el promedio no es una medida mas apropriada de la tendencia central como suguiera los indices de “mean crowding and mean patchiness”. Las distancias promedio entre los forofitos fluctúa desde 4.8 m en L. rupestris hasta 95.5 m en L. dodiana; la mayoría de las especies tenían un forofito vecino más cercano con un promedio mayor de 50 m. El patrón de dispersión observado a distancias de 5 y 10 metros es mayormente regular mientras que a distancias mayores los parchos se encuentran más agregados. Distancias grandes entre los forofitos y pocos individuos por forofito sugieren que tamaños de población efectiva pequeños pueden ser comunes en estas orquídeas.
Floral Lipid Chemistry of Byrsonima crassifolia (Malpigheaceae) and a Use of Floral Lipids by Centris Bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae)
Authors: Wnson S. B. , Williams H. J. , Frankie G. W. , Shrum G. 
Published: March 2006

ABSTRACT Byrsonima rrassifolia (L.), a Neotropical malpighiaceous tree or treelet, has flowers that produce abundant lipids instead of nectar. Several species of Centris bees collect this oil. The floral oil shows variation between trees and can be separated into two types. One type is most common (11 of 14 samples) and consists of mono‐ and di‐glycerides, some free fatty acids, a small amount of tri‐glycerides and a trace of carbohydrate. The composition of the glycerides is predominantly (53–63%) esters of unsaturated 18C–22C fatty acids with the rest made up of 14C–18C saturated fatty acids. The second type of floral oil is similar to type one except that the samples contain large amounts of an unknown lipid more polar than the standards.Oil collected from the scopae of two representative Centris species, C. adanae and C. flavofasciata, was the same as the type one oil collected from B. rrassifolia floral elaiophores. The liquid provisions from the cells of several groundnesting Centris species was also found to be identical to B. crassifolia type one floral elaiophore oil with the exception of several minor ninhydrin positive compounds which may have been derived from the pollen which makes up part of the larval food provisions.
Influence ofAzteca alfariAnts on the Exploitation ofCecropiaTrees by a Leaf‐Cutting Ant
Authors: Vasconcelos Heraldo L. , Casimiro Antonio B. 
Published: March 2006

ABSTRACTThe foraging activity of the leaf‐cutting antAtta laevigatain an early successional area near Manaus, Brazil, was monitored over a period of 18 mo. FourCecropiaspecies were growing in that area and all were associated with the antAzteca alfari. Unoccupied trees (those in which there was no ant response to mechanical disturbance of the stem) were attacked by leaf‐cutting ants more often than were trees occupied byA. alfaricolonies.Cecropia uleiwas the most frequently attacked species. However, leaves ofC. uleiwere the least preferred ones during assays in which detached leaves of the fourCecropiaspecies were placed alongside the foraging trails of leaf‐cutting ant colonies.C. uleihad the largest number of unoccupied trees compared to the other species. In addition,A. alfaricolonies associated withC. uleiwere smaller than those associated withC. distacbya. These data suggest thatA. alfariwas influencing the selection ofCecropiaspecies byA. laevigata, which harvested more from species that were less defended by the ants (with a higher proportion of unoccupied trees or trees hosting smaller ant colonies), although these were less preferred.RESUMOA atividade forrageira da saúvaAtta laevigatafoi monitorada por 18 meses em uma área próxima a Manaus. Quatro espécies de embalúba (Cecropia), associadas a formigaAzteca alfari, ocorriam nesta área. Embaúbas não ocupadas porA. alfari(aquelas em que nenhuma formiga emergiu do tronco da planta quando este foi sacudido) foram mais atacadas pelas saúvas do que as embaúbas ocupadas.Cecropia uleifoi a espécie mais atacada pelas saúvas. Entretanto as folhas deC. uleiforam menos preferidas pelas saúvas em ensaios de campo nos quais folhas das quatro espécies foram simultaneamente colocadas ao longo das trilhas das saúvas. Um número maior deC. uleinão tinha colônias deA. alfari, comparativamente às outras espécies. Além disto, as colônias deA. alfariemC. uleieram menores que aquelas de ao menos uma outra espécie,C. distuchya. Estes dados sugerem queA. alfariafetou a escolha das espécies deCecropiaporA. laevigata, a qua1 atacou mais a espéie que era menos defendida porA. alfari(que tinha menos plantas colonizadas e que abrigava colônias menores) mesmo que esta tinha folhas pouco palatáveis.
Ants of Forest and Fallow Plots in Nigeria1
Authors: Ewuim Sylvanus C. , Badejd M. Adetola , Ajayi Olawale O. 
Published: March 2006

ABSTRACTPitfall traps were used to monitor the activity of ants in a forest floor and a one‐year‐old fallow plot in Ile‐Ife, Nigeria, at monthly intervals between November 1980 and October 1981. Similar studies were carried out between October 1987 and June 1988. These studies also included manual collection of ants from the floor of the experimental plots Of all the 10 species of ants recorded, Pbeihk crassinoda was the most abundant in the forest and fallow plots both in 1980–81 and 1987–88. P. crassinoda accounted for 52 percent and 88 percent of the ant populations collected manually from the forest and fallow plots respectively between December 1987 and June 1988. This species was also significantly higher in the pitfall catches of the fallow than the forest plots. Pitfall traps were not effective in sampling the populations of the belligerent Dorylus nigricans. The data are consistent with the widely accepted notion that forested areas support less ants than unforested areas. Differences in physical habitat characteristics, food availability, nesting habits, predation and microenvironmental factors were considered responsible for the differences in activities and abundance of ants in the forest and fallow plots.
Nectar Production of Two Sympatric Species of Columnar Cacti
Authors: Petit Sophie , Freeman C. Edward 
Published: March 2006

ABSTRACTWe examined the potential for exploitation competition by differential attractiveness in two sympatric species of columnar cacti on Curaçao, Netherlands Antilles. Stenocereus griseus and Subpiloccreus repandus have temporally overlapping flowering phenologies and share pollinators. We examined nectar volume, energy contents, and sugar ratios for the entire night and at two‐hour intervals in both cactus species. Except for a burst in nectar volume and sugar concentration by Subpilocereus repandus during the first two hours of anthesis, nectar secretion patterns, energy contents, and sugar ratios (70% hexose) were similar for the two species. The standing crops of nectar in both species were kept very low by bat pollinators. We suggest that the potential for exploitation competition between Stenocereus griscus and Subpilocereus repandus is currently very low on Curapo.
Cyclone‐induced Shift in Foraging Behavior in Flying Foxes in American Samoa1
Authors: Grant Gilbert S. , Craig Peter , Trail Pepper 
Published: March 2006

ABSTRACTTropical cyclones pass over or near American Samoa on average about once every 3 years. Because many trees may be stripped of leaves, flowers, and fruit, cyclones exert a major impact on the feeding ecology of nectivorous and frugivorous flying foxes. We examined search time and in‐tree time immediately postcyclone (3–6 weeks) and during a recovery period (15–16 months after the last cyclone). Both Pteropus tonganus and P. samoensis increased search time and decreased tree time (an indication of less food available per tree) immediately after the passage of cyclone Ofa.
Fruit Production and Seed Predation in Two Miombo Woodland Trees in Zambia
Authors: Chidumayo Ernrnanuel N 
Published: March 2006

ABSTRACTDuring a six year period (1990–1995) fruiting frequency among marked trees and seed production and predispersal predation by beetle larvae of lsoberlinia angolensis and Julbernardia globiflora of the Leguminosae family and Caesalpinoideae subfamily were studied at two dry miombo woodland sites in central Zambia. Fruit production varied from year to year and was not related to annual rainfall. On average I. angolensis trees fruited once every two years while J. globiflora trees fruited once every two and one‐half years. Number of fruits per tree was correlated with tree size for both species. In a peak year fruit biomass represented two to four percent of total above ground biomass but for J. globiflora about 5.5 and 4.5 percent of nitrogen and potassium, respectively, were in fruits compared to 0.6 and 1.8 percent for I. angolensis. The lower fruiting frequency in J. globifora was probably related to the depletion of N reserves during a fruiting year which required a longer replenishment period than in I. angolensis.Predispersal seed predation was low for J. globiflora (10%) and very high in I. angolensis (65–85%) and for the latter species predation rate increased from August to November 1991 and significant variations were observed among years and pod types. Seed predation rate was lowest in a peak fruiting year and this observation provides support for the satiation hypothesis. The results of the study also suggest that I. angolensis and J. globiflora may have different regeneration strategies although reproductive allocation in both species was within the range reported for other iteroparous plants.
Patterns of Seed Size, Germination and Seed Viability of Tropical Tree Species in Southern India1
Authors: MURALI K. S. 
Published: March 2006

ABSTRACTSeed weight, days to germination and seed viability were observed for 99 species growing in the Western Ghats of Karnataka, India. Seed size was strongly correlated with days to germination; smaller seeds germinated faster than larger seeds. Species which flowered during the rainy season had lighter seeds than species which flowered during the dry season. It was also found that seed size and viability of seeds were related to the season of fruiting. Species which fruit during the rainy season had heavier seeds and shorter viability than species which fruit during the dry season. These flowering and fruiting patterns and varying seed sizes are argued to be adaptations to the time of dispersal, time of moisture availability in the habitat and seedling survival.
Habitat Characteristics and Lemur Species Richness in Madagascar1
Authors: Ganzhorn J. U. , Malcomber S. , Andrianantoanina O. , Goodman S. M. 
Published: March 2006

ABSTRACTIn the extant lemur communities of Madagascar the number of lemur species increases with increasing number of tree species. In forests with few tree species lemurs use patches with higher number of tree species than average. However, in forest plots with high number of tree species, lemurs stay in places with lower number of tree species than average. At low tree species diversity a minimum number of different tree species seems to be required within the animals' home range to assure year‐round food availability. At high tree species diversity tree species essential for survival might be diluted by resources which are of no use for lemurs, thus increasing energetic expenses for traveling between suitable patches. According to the present analyses, structural diversity is of subordinate importance to the number of tree species as a correlate of lemur species richness.Within limits of disturbance intensity and on a small geographic scale, disturbances increase forest productivity. Lemurs reach higher species numbers and population densities in slightly disturbed areas compared with undisturbed sites. This peaked curve of the number of lemur species over disturbance, however, may not only be a consequence of “resource dilution” in undisturbed sites and higher food abundance in slightly disturbed areas, but also a consequence of selective extinction of lemur species which were unable to cope with the disturbance regime exaggerated by human interference over the last few hundred or thousand years.