bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pheochromocytoma Presenting as Acute Retroperitoneal Hemorrhage in a Dog
Authors: Williams Jarod E. , Hackner Susan G. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractObjective:This report describes the perioperative management of a dog with a right adrenal pheochromocytoma that presented with acute retroperitoneal hemorrhage, cardiac arrhythmia and hypertension. Additionally, a summary of pheochromocytoma and the idiosyncrasies of perioperative management of a pheochromocytoma are provided.Summary:A 7‐year old male, neutered, Dalmation was presented for acute collapse, abdominal pain and tachycardia. Physical examination findings were consistent with hypoperfusion concurrent with multiple cardiac arrhythmias and hypertension. Abdominal ultrasound revealed retroperitoneal effusion and a right adrenal mass intimately associated with the caudal vena cava. Incomplete right adrenalectomy was performed. Histopathology confirmed a pheochromocytoma.Unique information provided:To the authors' knowledge, this is the first definitive report of acute retroperitoneal hemorrhage as the initial clinical manifestation of histologically confirmed adrenal pheochromocytoma in the dog. (J. Vet Emerg Crit Care 2001; 11(3): 221–227)
Reverse Maryland Bridges: Clinical Applications
Authors: Miller Thomas E. 
Published: July 2007

The “Maryland Bridge” or the etched metal‐composite bonded retainer has experienced a variety of clinical applications since its inception as the etched enamel plastic‐bonded Rochette periodontal splint. Through the evolutionary stages of different metals and framework preparation for composite bonding by electrolytic, chemical, and air‐abrasive procedures and the improvements in bonding composites, the bridge has been in clinical use for approximately 9 to 10 years.Certain clinical and radiographic criteria must be satisfied prior to using the conventional Maryland bridge, but with the unique application of the basic bridge design modified and placed from the labial or buccal position some previously contraindicated uses of the bridge can be reversed by using a unique, if not provocative, application of the bridge design principles.This article presents two clinical case reports utilizing the Maryland bridge applied from the labial and buccal aspect. Both fixed partial dentures presented have been in place clinically for over 18 months, whereas others of this type have been successfully in place for over 6 years.
Microleakage Evaluation in Amalgam Restorations Used with Bases
Authors: Wieczkowski Gerard , Yu Xin Yi , Joynt Robert B. , Davis Elaine L. 
Published: July 2007

Marginal leakage in amalgam restorations often precedes the development of secondary caries. One potential way to improve the marginal seal of such restorations, and thus minimize the risk of carles development, is to apply a glassionomer base prior to amalgam placement.This study compared microleakage resistance among amalgam restorations placed with and without light‐cured glass‐ionomer base materials. Preparations were made in extracted human molar teeth. Four groups were studied, including copal varnish, which was used as a control. All specimens were restored with amalgam. Results indicated significantly greater leakage at the cavity wall/base interface for restorations with a copal varnish cavity liner than for those with a glass‐ionomer base. Leakage differences among bases were also found at the amalgam/base interface. Best results were obtained with a dual‐cure resin‐based system. These samples showed minimal leakage at both the cavity wall/base and the base/amalgam interfaces. These findings suggest that light‐cured glass‐ionomer bases can be effective in the prevention of microleakage in amalgam restorations.
Esthetics and Anterior Tooth Position: An Orthodontic Perspective Part II: Vertical Position
Authors: KOKICH VINCENT 
Published: July 2007

This article discusses the vertical position of the maxillary incisors and its relationship to esthetics. Two situations are discussed. The first, a discrepancy between the incisal plane and the interpupillary line, is corrected by maxillary surgery, orthodontic intrusion/extrusion, or orthodontics and restorative dentistry. The correct decision depends on the interrelationship of the posterior occlusal plane, incisal plane, interpupillary line, and the crown length of the incisors.The second discrepancy in the vertical position of the maxillary incisors is the “gummy” smile. This problem, due to either overdevelopment of the entire maxilla or over‐eruption of the maxillary incisors, is solved by maxillary surgery, orthodontic intrusion of the over‐erupted teeth, or orthodontics and restorative dentistry. The proper choice of treatment depends on the interrelationship of the posterior occlusal plane, incisal plane, crown length of the maxillary incisors, and the level of the gingival margins of the maxillary anterior teeth.
Intrapulpal Pressure and Thermal Cycling: Effect on Shear Bond Strength of Eleven Modern Dentin Bonding Agents
Authors: PAUL STEFAN J. , SCHARER PETER 
Published: July 2007

This in vitro study reports on a modified method for testing shear bond strengths of dentin bonding agents (DBAs). In order to imitate the surface of vital human dentin better, all DBAs used in this investigation (10 commercially available and one experimental) were tested under intrapulpal pressure (13.6 mm Hg to 25 mm Hg) and exposed to thermal cycling (x 1500, 5° to 55°C).The difference between this testing method and a commonly used method (applying the DBA onto a dry dentinal surface and then storing in water at 37°C for 24 hours) was highly significant (p <.001, two‐way AN OVA).In group A (composite group) the bonding agent was light cured before the application of the composite resin. In group B (cementation group) the bonding agent and the composite resin were light cured simultaneously.The shear bond strengths recorded in this study were generally lower than other published results. A.R.T. Bond and P‐Bond (experimental dentin bonding agent) had the best average results in both testing groups.
Effect of Implant Position on Implant Restoration Design
Authors: LAZZARA RICHARD J. 
Published: July 2007

SUMMARYPreoperative discussions among the surgeon, restorative dentist, and the laboratory technician determine exact implant locations based on availability of supporting bone, the size of the tooth being replaced, prosthetic components to be used, and the interproximal soft tissue considerations. Once the ideal location has been determined, a surgical stent is constructed to provide a guide for the surgeon to position the implant in the best prosthetic position for maximum esthetic results.
Colorimetric Assessment of Laser and Home Bleaching Techniques
Authors: JONES AARON H. , DIAZ‐ARNOLD ANA M. , VARGAS MARCOS A. , COBB DEBORAH S. 
Published: July 2007

Abstract:Purpose:This study recorded in vitro color change of three tooth bleaching techniques that included laser‐activated hydrogen peroxide and two concentrations of carbamide peroxide.Materials and Methods:Forty extracted human central incisors were exposed to argon laser‐activated 35% H2O2, 10% carbamide peroxide, or 20% carbamide peroxide. A fourth group (control) did not receive any bleach treatment (n = 10/group). Commission International de ľEclariage (CIE) L*a*b* coordinates were recorded prior to bleaching (baseline), at 1 week, and at 2 weeks. The color difference (ΔE*ab) between baseline and subsequent measurents was calculated.Results:The control group did not demonstrate significant color difference over time (p> .05). The laser group was not statistically different from the control group (p> .01). The color difference of the 10% and 20% carbamide peroxide groups was statistically different from the control group (p< .01).
Efficacy of Nightguard Vital Bleaching Technique Beyond the Borders of a Shortened Tray
Authors: OLIVER TRUDY L. , HAYWOOD VAN B. 
Published: July 2007

Abstract: Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine if bleaching extends beyond the borders of a shortened tray or if a demarcation line is found. Materials and Methods: Fifteen extracted teeth were selected darker than B2 on a Vita Lumin Shade guide (Vita Lumin, Bad Sackingen, Germany). The teeth were mounted in arch‐like fashion in dental stone. Alginate impressions were made, and a stone replica of the four arches of teeth was generated. Vacuum‐formed bleaching trays were fabricated for each arch, without and with reservoirs, as per the product to be tested. The nonreservoir trays were trimmed to one half the clinical crown length, and the reservoir trays were trimmed 1 mm beyond the border of the half‐length reservoir. Measurements were taken from the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) to the tray border for each tooth. The trays averaged 5.1 mm short of the CEJ. The reservoir group was treated with viscous glycerin‐based 10% carbamide peroxide (Opalescence, Ultradent Products Inc., South Jordan, Utah); the nonreservoir group with creamy dentifrice‐based 10% carbamide peroxide (Platinum, Colgate Oral Pharmaceuticals, Canton, Massachusetts). The trays were loaded and fully seated on the teeth. Excess bleaching material was removed with a toothbrush and water rinse. Each assembly was placed in a humidor with incisal edges down to simulate oral conditions. The process was repeated for fourteen 6‐ to 8‐hour bleaching sessions. Blinded and nonblinded operators determined post‐bleaching shades, with consensus reached on differing shades. Results: All teeth demonstrated lightening of 1 to 10 (mean 5.2) increments on the value‐oriented shade guide. The bleaching effect extended beyond the tray and no demarcation lines were noted on any of the teeth.CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: This in vitro study suggests that successful bleaching occurs beyond the borders of inadvertently shortened trays. The clinician does not necessarily need to remake the tray if the tray does not cover all portions of the tooth.
Shear Bond Strengths of One‐Bottle Adhesives to Moist Enamel
Authors: SWIFT EDWARD J. , PERDIGÃO JORGE , HEYMANN HARALD O. , RITTER ANDRÉ V. 
Published: July 2007

Abstract: Purpose: This study evaluated bond strengths of six one‐bottle bonding agents and a control (primer plus unfilled resin) to moist enamel. Materials and Methods: One‐hundred and five bovine teeth were randomly assigned to seven groups of 15. Enamel was etched for 15 seconds with 35% phosphoric acid. Etched enamel was rinsed, and excess water was blotted with tissue paper. Following application of the adhesive, composite resin was bonded using a gelatin capsule technique. Shear bond strengths to enamel were determined using a universal testing machine (Instron Corp., Canton, Massachusetts). Results: Mean bond strengths ranged from 21.9 MPa for OptiBond Solo (Kerr Corp., Orange, California) to 29.6 MPa for Prime & Bond 2.1 (Dentsply/Caulk, Milford, Delaware). Prime & Bond 2.1 had a significantly higher mean bond strength than the other adhesives.CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The results of this study suggest that all of the one‐bottle systems tested should provide clinically acceptable bonding to moist enamel.
Potential for Load‐Induced Cervical Stress Concentration as a Function of Periodontal Support
Authors: KUROE TOSHIFUMI , ITOH HIDEMI , CAPUTO ANGELO A. , NAKAHARA HIROKO 
Published: July 2007

Abstract: Purpose: The purpose was to determine, photoelastically, the locations of occlusal load‐induced stress concentrations within a maxillary premolar as a function of degree of periodontal support. Materials and Methods: Composite three‐dimensional models of a maxillary first premolar were fabricated for quasi‐three‐dimensional photoelastic stress analysis. Individual materials were used to model enamel, dentin, periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone. Three levels of periodontal support reduction (0%, 20%, 25%) were simulated by varying the socket depth. Vertical loads of 10 lb were applied to: (1) tip of buccal cusp, (2) tip of lingual cusp, and (3) center of occlusal surface. The resulting stresses were monitored and recorded photographically in the field of a circular polariscope arrangement. Results: Cuspal loading concentrated stress around the cervical region below the loaded cusp, being highest under buccal cusp loading. The location of the stress concentration shifted apically as periodontal support diminished.
Packable Composites: Overview and Technical Considerations
Authors: LEINFELDER KARL F. , BAYNE STEPHEN C. , SWIFT EDWARD J. 
Published: July 2007

Abstract: Objective: New composites, called packable or condensable composites, are being promoted as amalgam alternatives. The purposes of this review article are to identify these products, define new terminology associated with them, summarize the advertised properties for the materials, discuss the ideal properties for packable composites, review the properties of the major products, and critically evaluate the proposed handling procedures for these materials. Review: The term packable is preferable to condensable for describing this new class of materials. All materials should be considered amalgam alternatives, not amalgam substitutes. The compositions and physical properties reported by manufacturers reveal that none of the materials represents a remarkable improvement over the properties of more traditional universal composites. The designs of Solitaire (Heraeus Kulzer), ALERT (Jeneric‐Pentron), and SureFil (Dentsply/Caulk) are discussed in detail. The distinguishing characteristics of all packable compositions are less stickiness or stiffer viscosity than conventional composites, which allow them to be placed in a manner that somewhat resembles amalgam placement. Conclusions: Packable composites may allow more convenient placement in posterior sites and may offer some technique advantages over conventional composites. However, there is no evidence that their clinical properties are consistently better than those of conventional universal composites.
Nightguard Vital Bleaching of Tetracycline‐Stained Teeth: 54 Months Post Treatment
Authors: LEONARD RALPH H. , HAYWOOD VAN B. , EAGLE JAMES C. , GARLAND GLENN E. , CAPLAN DANIEL J. , MATTHEWS KEVIN P. , TART NATILE D. 
Published: July 2007

Abstract: Purpose: The purpose of this longitudinal whitening study was to determine the stability, post‐treatment side effects, and patient satisfaction after 6 months of active treatment of tetracycline‐stained teeth with 10% carbamide peroxide at 0 and 54 months post treatment. Materials and Methods: Twelve patients who completed the study (80%) were contacted and asked to participate in a survey concerning their whitening experience. Subjects were asked whether there had been any change in the shade of their teeth after treatment, and if they had experienced any side effects that they believed were treatment‐related. Eight of the twelve patients underwent clinical examination. Results: Ten patients (83%) reported no obvious shade change or only a slight darkening not noticed by others. Two (17%) reported a slight darkening that is probably noticeable by other people, but no one reported moderate darkening or significant darkening back to original shade. All respondents (n = 12) denied having to have a crown or root canal that they believed was treatment‐related. Examiners who compared preoperative and post‐treatment photographs and Vita shade values were in agreement with the patients' perceptions of shade change. The degree of improvement was significant for both the immediate (0 mo) and the 54‐month post‐treatment comparison with the pretreatment shade (p < .005 and p < .01 respectively).
Development of Noncarious Cervical Notch Lesions in Vitro
Authors: WHITEHEAD SHAUN A. , WILSON NAIRN H. F. , WATTS DAVID C. 
Published: July 2007

Abstract: Purpose: The initiation and progression of noncarious cervical notch lesions (NCCL) continues to perplex clinicians worldwide and poses a considerable restorative challenge. The purpose of this brief communication is to report what is believed to be the first in vitro production of notch‐shaped lesions in the cervical third of premolar teeth. Materials and Methods: The lesions, were produced by axial loading of selected permanent premolar teeth in a 10% aqueous solution of sulfuric acid over a period of 5 days, followed by immersion in water for 7 days. Results: Results revealed macroscopic and microscopic features similar to those observed in noncarious cervical lesions in vivo. The lesions were incidental findings while the authors were studying stress corrosion of enamel at low pH. Although much remains to be investigated regarding the etiology and pathogenesis of NCCL, axial loading and a corrosive environment may be implicated in these processes. The artificial lesions arose in clinically sound teeth, suggesting that there is no simple clinical examination to identify teeth at risk from NCCL.
Effect of Stepped Light Intensity on Polymerization Force and Conversion in a Photoactivated Composite
Authors: BOUSCHLICHER MURRAY R. , RUEGGEBERG FREDERICK A. , BOYER DANIEL B. 
Published: July 2007

ABSTRACT Purpose: This study evaluated the effect of stepped light intensity on the polymerization shrinkage forces and degrees of conversion of a hybrid composite. Materials and Methods: Composite specimens were bonded between two steel rods (5.00 mm diameter, 1.25 mm apart, configuration factor = 2) mounted in a universal testing machine using a constant displacement mode. Polymerization contraction force was recorded for 300 seconds under four light exposure conditions: group 1: 40 s × 800 mW/cm2; group 2: 10 s × 100 mW/cm2+ 30 s × 800 mW/cm2; group 3: 60 s × 800 mW/cm2; group 4: 10 s × 100 mW/cm2+ 50 s × 800 mW/cm2. Maximum curing force (N300s) and maximum force rate of the four groups were compared using one‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) (α= 0.05) and the Tukey test. Degree of conversion in all groups was evaluated at two depths (top surface and 2 mm) using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Results: Mean maximum shrinkage forces and standard deviations (SD) were: group 1, 177 N (SD = 23); group 2, 172 N (SD = 11); group 3, 213 N (SD = 15); group 4, 197 N (SD = 17). Mean maximum forces for stepped and standard groups with the same duration (1 and 2; 3 and 4) were not statistically different; means for groups 2 and 3 were statistically different. Maximum force rates were not significantly different (p= .1548). Force:time curves were S‐shaped. Specimens exposed to stepped curing exhibited longer delays before force was recorded. Mode of curing was shown not to contribute to overall cure, but both duration of cure and the depth (top surface vs. 2.00 mm) were significant with an interaction effect.CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCEMean maximum shrinkage force and force rate exhibited during the first 300 seconds of polymerization were not influenced by using stepped light exposure. Degree of conversion was equivalent for exposures of similar total duration at 2‐mm depth. Mode of cure (stepped vs. continuous intensity) had no effect on degree of conversion.
Removal of Porcelain Veneers Aided by a Fluorescing Luting Cement
Authors: WHITEHEAD SHAUN A. , AYA ASIF , MACFARLANE TATIANA V. , WATTS DAVID C. , WILSON NAIRN H.F. 
Published: July 2007

ABSTRACT Purpose: Porcelain veneers are a safe and effective treatment modality for selected teeth that have poor esthetics. However, removal of porcelain veneers that have failed may be time‐consuming and involve considerable removal of sound tooth structure adjacent to the veneer. The aim of this study was to evaluate a novel method of porcelain laminate veneer removal by incorporating a fluorescent dye into the luting cement that allows the practitioner to visualize the cement on the tooth and remove the veneer without causing residual damage to the adjacent tooth substance. Materials and Methods: Porcelain veneers were luted on extracted teeth with a luting cement modified with a fluorescing agent. Faculty teaching staff and final year dental undergraduates were asked to remove the veneers with the aid of a curing light to render the luting cement visible by fluorescing. They were then asked to compare the removal of comparable veneers without this visual aid and to complete a standard questionnaire. The depth of cure of the conventional and modified cements was measured using a penetrometer. Results: Results of the questionnaire indicated that the operators found removing the veneer cemented with the modified (fluorescing) cement considerably easier than removing the veneer cemented with the conventional cement. Microscopy indicated that more damage was caused to the underlying tooth during removal of conventionally cemented veneers. The incorporation of the dye into the cement reduced the depth of cure from 4.238 mm (SD = 0.025) to 3.761 mm (SD = 0.096).CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCEThe fluorescent cement was considered to be superior to conventional cements in its ease of visibility, and as a consequence, veneers cemented with the fluorescing cement are easier to remove. The fluorescing dye significantly reduced the depth of cure, but this may not be clinically significant, because of the small thickness of cement employed when luting adhesive restorations. The use of such fluorescing materials may not be restricted to a luting cement for veneers but may also be incorporated into bases and lining materials so they can be visualized on removal of tooth‐colored restorations, to prevent further tooth destruction.
Computer Imaging versus Conventional Esthetic Consultation: A Prospective Clinical Study
Authors: PAPASOTIRIOU OLGA S. , NATHANSON DAN , GOLDSTEIN RONALD E. 
Published: July 2007

ABSTRACTComputer imaging can be helpful in demonstrating to patients the potential outcome of esthetic dental procedures. The current clinical study assesses the effectiveness of computer imaging by comparing the reactions of patient and dentist to conventional consultations versus the use of computer imaging. The responses from 35 subjects show that computer imaging consultations are more effective in helping patients decide to accept treatment. Patient satisfaction was higher (93.75%) with computer consultations than with conventional methods (83.3%). Computer imaging consultations were easier to conduct but significantly (p < .05) more time consuming.CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCEThis experiment confirms the role of computer imaging as an effective aid in esthetic dentistry consultations and treatment planning. Imaging facilitates communication between patient and practitioner and provides a more realistic view of anticipated treatment outcomes.