bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of left ventricular external wall motion in man by video dimension analyzer (Vidian)
Authors: Ludbrook Philip A. , Yin Frank C. P. , Peterson Kirk L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSeveral investigators have described close relationships between left ventricular wall motion and physiologic cardiac events. Using an improved wall motion tracking devide (Vidian) in studies of 30 patients, we have compared the dynamics of left ventricular wall motion, recorded noninvasively, with high fidelity left ventricular and aortic pressures, intracardiac phonocardiograms, apexcardiograms, and cyclic left ventricular volume curves obtained during cardiac catheterization. Wall motion tracking signals comprised: pre‐ejection outward deflection commencing with the first component of the first heart sound and coincident with the pre‐ejection phase of the left ventricular pressure and apexcardiogram; a sharp descent during ejection, commencing with the „E”︁ point of the apexcardiogram and with the onset of the upstroke of the aortic pressure; end ejection nadir, synchronous with the dicrotic notch of the aortic pressure; a nadir representing cessation of inward displacement, presumably reflecting slight inertial motion of the wall; a brief period of isovolumic relaxation which terminated synchronously with the „O”︁ point of the apexcardiogram; rapid, then slow filling waves, coincident with those of the apexcardiogram, and demarcated by a transitional angulation synchronous with the third heart sound; and „a”︁ wave, occurring simultaneously with that of the apexcardiogram. Ventricular wall motion tracking signals also corresponded to curves representing cyclic changes in left ventricular minor radius, and chamber volume derived from cineventriculograms. In 10 patients with abnormal contraction patterns detected by biplane cineventriculography, anomalous deflections were also recorded during ejection by the Vidian. Left ventricular wall motion tracking with the Vidian: 1) provides a sensitive index for timing of intracardiac events, 2) reflects cyclic changes in ventricular volumes and minor dimensions, 3) provides a convenient noninvasive technique for detection of regional asynergy involving the lateral left ventricular wall, and 4) by correlation with simultaneous ventricular pressure measurements, may provide useful information regarding left ventricular pressure/segment dimension relations.
Left ventricular endomyocardial biopsy I: Description and evaluation of the technique
Authors: Brooksby Iain A. B. , Jenkins B. Stephen , Davies Michael J. , Swanton R. Howard , Coltart D. John , Webb‐Peploe Michael M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe results of left ventricular endomyocardial biopsy by means of a long sheath technique in 154 patients are reported. The risks of left ventricular biopsy are those of left heart catheterisation. In 30 of these patients the results of left and right ventricular biopsy were compared, and in a further 10 patients the right ventricle only was biopsied. Biopsy from the left ventricle carries less risk of cardiac perforation, gives a higher incidence of successful biopsy, and with the exception of hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy yields more diagnostic information.
Left ventricular endomyocardial biopsy III: Ultrastructural characteristics of cardiomyopathy and cardiac hypertrophy with good or poor ventricular function
Authors: Davies Michael J. , Kennedy Sandra , Brooksby Iain A. B. , Darracott Sally Cankovic , Jenkins B. Stephen , Braimbridge Mark V. , Coltart D. John , Webb‐Peploe Michael M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractLeft ventricular endomyocardial biopsies have been obtained from patients with cardiomyopathy and hypertrophy due to aortic valve disease. These biopsies have been examined by electron microscopy and the ultrastructural abnormalities compared. In congestive cardiomyopathy no specific abnormalities were found although myofibrillary degeneration and membrane‐bound vacuoles were more commonly present. Crossing of whole groups of sarcomeres was found only in asymmetric septal hypertrophy, but was not present in all cases. Amyloid deposits were demonstrated easily by electron microscopy in patients with restrictive cardiomyopathy. In the patients with hypertrophy due to aortic valve disease, no specific features were found and ultrastructural abnormalities did not differentiate between normal and impaired left ventricular functions.
Transbrachial selective arteriography of the neck vessels: Our experience in 258 cases
Authors: Londero Hugo Francisco , de la Fuente Luis M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe have developed a catheter that facilitates the study of the neck vessels via a brachial arteriotomy so that other vascular areas (heart, kidneys, etc) can be studied in the same procedure. The catheter has a preformed curvature with a tapered, closed‐end distal tip. We have successfully utilized this catheter in 258 consecutive patients, 133 (52%) of whom had undergone concurrent studies of other vascular areas, usually cardiac catheterization with coronary arteriography. No major complications occurred with the use of this catheter. We have found that with this catheter we can study the neck vessels via the brachial approach safely and easily and perform studies of other vascular areas using the same arteriotomy.
Integration of a Microreactor in an Existing Production Plant
Authors: Kirschneck D. , Tekautz G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe installation of a StarLam 3000 microreactor in an existing production plant is reported. The aim was to double the capacity of a running two step batch process. This was achieved by installing the microreactor for the first reaction step. A higher reaction rate made it possible to reach overall throughputs of 3.6 tons per hour. Additionally energy savings were achieved. The microreactor is running in production for more than a year now.
Experimentelle Untersuchungen zur Partikelbildung bei der Fällung von Barium‐ und Strontiumsulfat
Authors: Kucher M. , Kind M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAn den exemplarischen schwerlöslichen Stoffsystemen Barium‐ und Strontiumsulfat wird der Einfluss der Prozessparameter Übersättigung und freies Gitterionenverhältnis auf das resultierende Fällungsprodukt untersucht. Durch Variation der Übersättigung als thermodynamische Triebkraft für Kristallisationsprozesse kann gezielt Einfluss auf die Partikelgrößenverteilung des gefällten Endproduktes genommen werden.
Flash‐Kristallisation als ein neues Verfahren zur Produktgestaltung kristalliner Güter
Authors: Kaiser R. , Kind M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractZur Herstellung von kristallinen Feststoffen wird der „Flash‐Kristallisations‐Prozess”︁ eingesetzt. Der Vorteil dieses neuen Prozesses liegt darin, dass sowohl die Partikelgröße als auch die Partikelmorphologie durch den Agglomerationsschritt beliebig und unabhängig von der Kristallisation gestaltet werden können. Damit wird ein neuer Weg in der Produktgestaltung kristalliner Güter beschritten.
Partikelbeanspruchung in gerührten Behältern
Authors: Wollny S. , Sperling R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn dieser Übersicht wird die Problematik der Partikelbeanspruchung in turbulenten Strömungen thematisiert. Nach der Darstellung der bisherigen Untersuchungen auf dem Gebiet der Partikelbeanspruchungen in Rührbehältern werden eigene Messergebnisse vorgestellt. Mit Hilfe von Tropfengrößenverteilungen eines Flüssig/Flüssig‐Modellstoffsystems werden die Dispergiereigenschaften eines 3 × 24°‐Schrägblattrührers und eines 6‐Blatt‐Scheibenrührers ermittelt. Die Tropfengrößenverteilungen können mit der Focused Beam Reflectance Measurement‐Sonde zeitlich aufgezeichnet werden. Zudem werden mit der numerischen Fluiddynamik die Geschwindigkeitsgradienten und die Energiedissipationsraten im Rührbehälter bei unterschiedlichen Betriebsbedingungen analysiert. Dabei wird die makroskopische Turbulenz in Schub‐ (Scherung) und Normalspannungen (Dehn‐, Stauchung) unterteilt.
Untersuchungen zur Kristallisation von amorphen lactosehaltigen Pulvern
Authors: Ibach A. , Kind M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBei der Herstellung von Molkepulver und Molkepulvererzeugnissen durch Sprühtrocknung besteht grundsätzlich die Schwierigkeit, dass die im Ausgangskonzentrat enthaltene gelöste Lactose während der raschen Trocknung amorph erstarrt. Amorphe Lactose ist hygroskopisch und instabil, wodurch ihre weitere Verwendung beeinträchtigt wird. Um technisch sinnvolle Prozessbedingungen für mögliche Verfahren zur Umwandlung der amorphen Phase abschätzen zu können, wird die Kristallisation von amorpher Lactose am Beispiel von Lactose‐, Molkepermeat‐ und Molkepulvern mittels der Differential Scanning Calorimetry untersucht.
Herstellung maßgeschneiderter Nanopartikel durch Fällung in Mikroemulsionen
Authors: Voigt A. , Sundmacher K. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractDie hier vorgestellte Fällung in Mikroemulsionen ist ein interessantes Konzept, mit dem ein technischer Prozess zur Erzeugung von maßgeschneiderten Partikeln im Nanometerbereich realisiert werden kann. Der grundlegende Prozess der Mikroemulsionsfällung und seine einzelnen Phänomene werden erläutert. Dazu gehören die Untersuchungen des Phasenverhaltens der verwendeten technischen Mikroemulsion aus Cyclohexan, Wasser und Marlipal O13/40 ebenso wie die Variation verschiedener Prozessparameter und die entsprechenden Auswirkungen auf die Partikelgrößenverteilung. Beispielhaft wird die Fällung von Bariumsulfat‐ und Calciumcarbonat‐Nanopartikeln betrachtet. Parallel zu den experimentellen Untersuchungen wird der Prozess modelliert und unter Einsatz einer Monte‐Carlo‐Methode simuliert. Experimente und Simulationen zeigen, dass z. B. Reaktandenkonzentration und Dosierungsrate als Prozessparameter geeignet sind, Partikelgröße und Verteilungsbreite in bestimmten Bereichen gezielt einzustellen. Im engen Zusammenspiel von Experiment und Simulation wird ein umfassendes Prozessverständnis aufgebaut, das die technische Realisierung dieses Verfahrens in weiterer Forschungsarbeit ermöglichen wird.
Temporal regulation of Cre‐recombinase activity in Scl‐positive neurons of the central nervous system
Authors: Bradley Cara K. , Takano Elena A. , Göthert Joachim R. , Göttgens Berthold , Green Anthony R. , Begley C. Glenn , van Eekelen J. Anke M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe Cre/LoxP system provides a powerful tool to investigate gene function in vivo. This system requires Cre‐recombinase expressing mouse lines that permit control of gene recombination in a tissue‐specific and time‐dependent manner. To allow spatio‐temporal gene deletion in specific central nervous system (CNS) neuronal populations, we generated mice with a tamoxifen‐inducible Cre (Cre‐ERT) transgene under control of the Scl/Tal1 neural promoter/enhancer −0.9E3 (−0.9E3CreERT transgenic mice). Using Cre‐reporter mice we have shown that tamoxifen‐mediated Cre‐ERT recombination in −0.9E3CreERT mice recapitulated the anticipated expression pattern of Scl in the caudal thalamus, midbrain, hindbrain, and spinal cord. Cre‐mediated recombination was also effectively induced during embryogenesis and marked the same population of neurons as observed in the adult. Additionally, we identified a tamoxifen‐independent constitutively active −0.9E3CreERT mouse line that will be useful for gene deletion during early neurogenesis. These −0.9E3CreERT mice will provide tools to investigate the role of neuronal genes in the developing and mature CNS. CNS. genesis 45:145–151, 2007.© 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pragmatic abilities in adults with and without dyslexia: a pilot study
Authors: Griffiths Catherine C. B. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis study examines well‐compensated adults with dyslexia to see if they experience more problems with pragmatic awareness than the normal population. Social interaction requires an individual to process language at speed by using working memory efficiently, in order to understand the intended, rather than literal, meaning between speaker and hearer. Previous studies have shown evidence amongst the dyslexic population of poor working memory capacity, slower speed of processing and automatization deficit. It is proposed that a dyslexic may not be able to interpret pragmatic content as efficiently as non‐dyslexics, due to the need for fast processing in such circumstances, resulting in resource overload and over‐intensity of memory.The study compares the score results of 20 dyslexic and 20 non‐dyslexic adults on the Dyslexia Adult Screening Test (DAST), the Right Hemisphere Language Battery and the author's own pragmatic competence questionnaire. The results for all three measures indicate a statistically significant difference in pragmatic competence between the two groups and appear to demonstrate a correlation between dyslexia and pragmatic impairment. Consideration of individual subtest items on the DAST lend support to the argument that this may be due to deficits in working memory, processing and automatization. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cell‐mediated cytotoxicity against ectromelia virus‐infected target cells. II. Identification of effector cells and analysis of mechanisms
Authors: Gardner I. , Bowern Narelle A. , Blanden R. V. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractCell‐mediated cytotoxicity of ectromelia‐immune spleen cells against ectromelia‐infected L929 target cells was abrogated by treatment of the spleen cells with anti‐Θ antibody and complement. Treatment of spleen cells with anti‐immunoglobulin serum and complement, or removal of macrophages had little or no effect on cytotoxicity. Specific or nonspecific soluble cytotoxic factors were not detected, and exogenous interferon did not enhance cytotoxicity. No blocking of cytotoxicity was detected with either hyperimmune or 9‐day immune anti‐ectromelia serum. By varying the spleen cell‐target cell ratio from 3: 1 to 400: 1, it was shown that the efficiency of cytotoxicity was inversely related to spleen cell density. These results were interpreted to mean that thymus‐derived (T) cells, probably acting alone, were responsible for cytotoxicity and that the mechanism involved contact between T cell and target cell.
IgM in bone marrow‐derived lymphocytes. Synthesis, surface deposition, turnover and carbohydrate composition in unstimulated mouse B cells
Authors: Andersson J. , Lafleur L. , Melchers F. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSmall B lymphocytes can be depleted by velocity sedimentation on serum albumin gradients of a minor fraction (1 %) of large cells contained in spleen cell populations from normal nu/nu mice. Small cells are the mitogen‐sensitive cells. Large cells contain the “background” plaque‐forming cells. The populations of large cells synthesize 10 to 100 times more IgM than the populations of small cells. Large and small cells contain IgM as 7–8 S subunits and as smaller precursors of IgM. Carbohydrate moieties of IgM molecules inside small cells contain the “core” sugars glucosamine and mannose attached to the μ‐chains, but not the penultimate galactose and the terminal fucose residues common to secreted 19 S IgM. Large cells secrete IgM as 19 S pentamers, small cells shed their IgM as 7–8 S subunits. Large cells turn over IgM with a half time around 4 h, small cells turn over IgM with a half time between 20 and 80 h IgM synthesis is actinomycin D‐resistant in large cells and actinomycin‐sensitive in small cells. Surface‐bound IgM molecules can be distinguished within the total cellular pool from IgM molecules situated in intracellular compartments not exposed to the outside by their serological reaction with polyvalent anti‐Ig antibodies on intact cells. With this reaction it can be show that small cells contain over 90 % of their IgM in the surface membrane.
Association between histocompatibility type and the ability to make anti‐Rh antibodies
Authors: Brain P. , Hammond M. G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe HL‐A types of Rh‐negative women with and without anti‐Rh antibodies were examined. In those who made Rh antibodies, there was an excess of HL‐A1, and a deficiency of HL‐A2 and W10, approaching the conventional level of significance. There was, however, a highly significant lack, in the antibody‐making group, of subjects with only one antigen detected at the first (LA) locus. The capacity to make anti‐Rh antibodies and that to make cytotoxic anti‐HL‐A antibodies were strongly correlated.
Phylogeny of the lymphoid system. I. A study of the fate of circulating lymphocytes in plaice
Authors: Ellis A. E. , de Sousa Maria 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe fate of lymphocytes collected after prolonged drainage of the neural duct of plaice (Pleuronectes platessa), labeled in vitro with [5−3H]uridine and reintroduced intravenously into the same fish was followed by means of scintillation counting and autoradiography.The characteristics of the lymphoid cell migration observed were very similar to those described in higher vertebrates. No significant numbers of labeled cells penetrated the thymus; the majority was found in the peripheral lymphoid organs, namely, the spleen and kidney. The cells lodging in the lymphoid organs had a capacity to synthesize, RNA, which the labeled cells in nonlymphoid organs lacked.The autoradiographic study revealed that the population found in the white pulp of the spleen and kidney consisted mainly of small lymphocytes, whereas the labeled large lymphocytes were present in the liver and red pulp of spleen and kidney.The relevance of the present findings to the understanding of the development of selective lymphoid cell migration is discussed.
The synthesis and assembly of immunoglobulins by malignant human plasmacytes. III. Heterogeneity in IgA polymer assembly
Authors: Buxbaum J. N. , Zolla Susan , Scharff M. D. , Franklin E. C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe pathways of immunoglobulin synthesis and assembly have been studied in bone marrow cells obtained from 9 patients whose serum contained substantial amounts of homogeneous IgA1 myeloma proteins. Eight of the 9 cell samples synthesized light chains in excess of heavy chains. A variety of assembly intermediates, including αL, α2and α2L, were also noted. The major intracellular molecule in most cases was α2L2although larger polymers were noted in the secretions and serum of most of the patients. In only one instance was a large amount of polymer larger than α2L2found inside the cell. As is the case for the assembly for IgM, the sites of IgA polymer assembly and factors responsible for the observed heterogeneity have not yet been established.
The immunological properties of haptens coupled to thymus‐independent carrier molecules. I. The characteristics of the immune response to dinitrophenyllysinesubstituted pneumococcal polysaccharide (SIII) and levan
Authors: Klaus G. G. B. , Humphrey J. H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe antibody response to the hapten 2,4dinitrophenyl (DNP)lysine coupled to two thymus‐independent carrier molecules (pneumococcal polysaccharide SIII and levan) has been studied in mice. The characteristics of the anti‐hapten response are essentially similar to the response to the carrier itself: both conjugates elicit a strongly dose‐dependent IgM response (with little or no IgG antibody), and supraoptimal doses paralyze both anti‐hapten and anti‐carrier antibody responses. The anti‐hapten response to DNPlyslevan is thymus‐independent; it is also carrier‐independent, since levan‐paralyzed mice give a normal antihapten response to the conjugate and, conversely, paralysis of the antihapten reactive lymphocyte population fails to affect the response to the carrier. The results do not support the concept of B cell‐B cell cooperation that has been proposed to explain the immunogenicity of haptenpolysaccharide conjugates. Instead, they indicate that these conjugates immunize separate and noninteracting B cell populations, the one hapten‐specific and the other carrier‐reactive. Both the numbers and the size of anti‐DNP hemolytic plaques were related to the immunizing dose of DNPlyslevan. Preliminary experiments suggest that the reduction in plaque size in partially tolerant mice may be caused by persisting antigen on the surface of immunized lymphoid cells.
Partial amino acid sequences of variable regions of a human IgG1 (κ) myeloma protein with anti‐rubella activity
Authors: Wang A. C. , Fudenberg H. H. , Creyssel R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAmino acid sequences have been determined for the first 26 residues at the amino (N−) terminus of the light chain, the first 27 residues of the heavy chain and the first 23 residues of a large heavy chain fragment of an IgG1 (κ) myeloma protein with anti‐rubella specificity. These data furnish useful information about the primary structure of anti‐rubella antibody.
Surface immunoglobulins of rat immunocytes: Quantitation and fate of cell‐bound peroxidase‐labeled antibody and Fab fragment
Authors: Antoine J.‐C. , Avrameas S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBy using antibody‐peroxidase conjugates, quantitative data were obtained concerning events following interactions between anti‐Ig antibodies and surface Ig. About 5 × 105 molecules of peroxidase‐labeled anti‐rat Ig antibodies were bound per positive lymph node cell, at conjugate excess, at 4 °C. Similar quantities of anti‐Fcγ or anti‐Fab were bound per positive cell, suggesting that cell surface IgG antigenic determinants are largely exposed. Experiments performed on thymocytes showed that the number of peroxidase molecules bound per 106 cells was 12 to 16 times higher with lymph node lymphocytes than with thymocytes.After incubation of cells at 4 °C with peroxidase‐labeled rabbit anti‐rat Ig, the cells were washed and post incubated for various times at 37 °C. The fate of the peroxidase conjugates was followed by measuring enzymatic activity on the cell surface, in the cell, and in the incubation medium. During the first 15 min of incubation at 37 °C, peroxidase activity disappeared rapidly from the cell membrane, while enzymatic activity appeared and rapidly increased in the cell supernatant. After this time, membrane‐bound peroxidase activity was found to be constant, while enzymatic activity of the supernatant increased slightly. After 1 h of incubation at 37 °C, about 20 % of the peroxidase activity had been eluted into the culture medium, 20 % remained on the cell surface, and about 35 % had been pinocytozed.Similar results were obtained with peroxidase‐labeled sheep‐Fab anti‐rat Ig, except that more peroxidase activity was found in the supernatant and pinocytosis was less pronounced than with whole antibody.Immunoadsorbents were used to determine if cell‐derived Ig was linked to the peroxidase liberated into the supernatant at 37 °C. Polyacrylamide beads to which were linked anti‐rat Ig antibodies or Fab fragments fixed 40 % of the peroxidase activity. Molecular filtration of the supernatants showed that about 60 % of the peroxidase activity was eluted in the void volume of a Sephadex G‐200 column, the remainder being eluted as free conjugate. Thus, part of the conjugate initially fixed on cells at 4 °C was eluted as cell surface Ig‐anti‐Ig complexes, while another part was apparently released uncomplexed.
An idiotypic cross‐reaction between two streptococcal antibodies from an individual rabbit
Authors: Thunberg A. L. , Kindt T. J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA rabbit immunized with Group C streptococcal vaccine produced two antibodies with specificity for the Group C carbohydrate. Structural, idiotypic, and allotypic comparisons were made between these two antibodies. The use of recombinant molecules prepared from isolated H and L‐chains showed the L‐chains of the antibodies to be idiotypically identical while the H‐chains were extensively cross‐reactive, but distinct. The idiotypically identical L‐chains differed in electrophoretic mobility in alkaline urea gels and in sequence at one position among the first 22 N‐terminal residues. The H‐chains could be differentiated not only idiotypically, but also by the subspecificities of their group a (a3) allotypic determinants.