bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fluid in Video: Augmenting Real Video with Simulated Fluids
Authors: Kwatra Vivek , Mordohai Philippos , Narain Rahul , Penta Sashi Kumar , Carlsonk Mark , Pollefeys Marc , Lin Ming C. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractWe present a technique for coupling simulated fluid phenomena that interact with real dynamic scenes captured as a binocular video sequence. We first process the binocular video sequence to obtain a complete 3D reconstruction of the scene, including velocity information. We use stereo for the visible parts of 3D geometry and surface completion to fill the missing regions. We then perform fluid simulation within a 3D domain that contains the object, enabling one‐way coupling from the video to the fluid. In order to maintain temporal consistency of the reconstructed scene and the animated fluid across frames, we develop a geometry tracking algorithm that combines optic flow and depth information with a novel technique for “velocity completion”. The velocity completion technique uses local rigidity constraints to hypothesize a motion field for the entire 3D shape, which is then used to propagate and filter the reconstructed shape over time. This approach not only generates smoothly varying geometry across time, but also simultaneously provides the necessary boundary conditions for one‐way coupling between the dynamic geometry and the simulated fluid. Finally, we employ a GPU based scheme for rendering the synthetic fluid in the real video, taking refraction and scene texture into account.
Single‐pass Scalable Subsurface Rendering with Lightcuts
Authors: Arbree Adam , Walter Bruce , Bala Kavita 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThis paper presents a new, scalable, single pass algorithm for computing subsurface scattering using the diffusion approximation. Instead of pre‐computing a globally conservative estimate of the surface irradiance like previous two pass methods, the algorithm simultaneously refines hierarchical and adaptive estimates of both the surface irradiance and the subsurface transport. By using an adaptive, top‐down refinement method, the algorithm directs computational effort only to simulating those eye‐surface‐light paths that make significant contributions to the final image. Because the algorithm is driven by image importance, it scales more efficiently than previous methods that have a linear dependence on translucent surface area. We demonstrate that in scenes with many translucent objects and in complex lighting environments, our new algorithm has a significant performance advantage.
Photo‐realistic Rendering of Metallic Car Paint from Image‐Based Measurements
Authors: Rump Martin , Müller Gero , Sarlette Ralf , Koch Dirk , Klein Reinhard 
Published: April 2008

AbstractState‐of‐the‐art car paint shows not only interesting and subtle angular dependency but also significant spatial variation. Especially in sunlight these variations remain visible even for distances up to a few meters and give the coating a strong impression of depth which cannot be reproduced by a single BRDF model and the kind of procedural noise textures typically used. Instead of explicitly modeling the responsible effect particles we propose to use image‐based reflectance measurements of real paint samples and represent their spatial varying part by Bidirectional Texture Functions (BTF). We use classical BRDF models like Cook‐Torrance to represent the reflection behavior of the base paint and the highly specular finish and demonstrate how the parameters of these models can be derived from the BTF measurements. For rendering, the image‐based spatially varying part is compressed and efficiently synthesized. This paper introduces the first hybrid analytical and image‐based representation for car paint and enables the photo‐realistic rendering of all significant effects of highly complex coatings.
Efficient and Dynamic Simplification of Line Drawings
Authors: Shesh Amit , Chen Baoquan 
Published: April 2008

AbstractIn this paper we present a pipeline for rendering dynamic 2D/3D line drawings efficiently. Our main goal is to create efficient static renditions and coherent animations of line drawings in a setting where lines can be added, deleted and arbitrarily transformed on‐the‐fly. Such a dynamic setting enables us to handle interactively sketched 2D line data, as well as arbitrarily transformed 3D line data in a unified manner. We evaluate the proximity of screen projected strokes to simplify them while preserving their continuity. We achieve this by using a special data structure that facilitates efficient proximity calculations in a dynamic setting. This on‐the‐fly proximity evaluation also facilitates generation of appropriate visibility cues to mitigate depth ambiguities and visual clutter for 3D line data. As we perform all these operations using only line data, we can create line drawings from 3D models without any surface information. We demonstrate the effectiveness and applicability of our approach by showing several examples with initial line representations obtained from a variety of sources: 2D and 3D hand‐drawn sketches and 3D salient geometry lines obtained from 3D surface representations.
The Beam Radiance Estimate for Volumetric Photon Mapping
Authors: Jarosz Wojciech , Zwicker Matthias , Jensen Henrik Wann 
Published: April 2008

AbstractWe present a new method for efficiently simulating the scattering of light within participating media. Using a theoretical reformulation of volumetric photon mapping, we develop a novel photon gathering technique for participating media. Traditional volumetric photon mapping samples the in‐scattered radiance at numerous points along the length of a single ray by performing costly range queries within the photon map. Our technique replaces these multiple point‐queries with a single beam‐query, which explicitly gathers all photons along the length of an entire ray. These photons are used to estimate the accumulated in‐scattered radiance arriving from a particular direction and need to be gathered only once per ray. Our method handles both fixed and adaptive kernels, is faster than regular volumetric photon mapping, and produces images with less noise.
The Shadow Meets the Mask: Pyramid‐Based Shadow Removal
Authors: Shor Yael , Lischinski Dani 
Published: April 2008

AbstractIn this paper we propose a novel method for detecting and removing shadows from a single image thereby obtaining a high‐quality shadow‐free image. With minimal user assistance, we first identify shadowed and lit areas on the same surface in the scene using an illumination‐invariant distance measure. These areas are used to estimate the parameters of an affine shadow formation model. A novel pyramid‐based restoration process is then applied to produce a shadow‐free image, while avoiding loss of texture contrast and introduction of noise. Unlike previous approaches, we account for varying shadow intensity inside the shadowed region by processing it from the interior towards the boundaries. Finally, to ensure a seamless transition between the original and the recovered regions we apply image inpainting along a thin border. We demonstrate that our approach produces results that are in most cases superior in quality to those of previous shadow removal methods. We also show that it is possible to easily composite the extracted shadow onto a new background or modify its size and direction in the original image.
Image‐based Shaving
Authors: Nguyen Minh Hoai , Lalonde Jean‐Francois , Efros Alexei A. , De la Torre Fernando 
Published: April 2008

AbstractMany categories of objects, such as human faces, can be naturally viewed as a composition of several different layers. For example, a bearded face with glasses can be decomposed into three layers: a layer for glasses, a layer for the beard and a layer for other permanent facial features. While modeling such a face with a linear subspace model could be very difficult, layer separation allows for easy modeling and modification of some certain structures while leaving others unchanged. In this paper, we present a method for automatic layer extraction and its applications to face synthesis and editing. Layers are automatically extracted by utilizing the differences between subspaces and modeled separately. We show that our method can be used for tasks such beard removal (virtual shaving), beard synthesis, and beard transfer, among others.
Sparse points matching by combining 3D mesh saliency with statistical descriptors
Authors: Castellani U. , Cristani M. , Fantoni S. , Murino V. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThis paper proposes new methodology for the detection and matching of salient points over several views of an object. The process is composed by three main phases. In the first step, detection is carried out by adopting a new perceptually‐inspired 3D saliency measure. Such measure allows the detection of few sparse salient points that characterize distinctive portions of the surface. In the second step, a statistical learning approach is considered to describe salient points across different views. Each salient point is modelled by a Hidden Markov Model (HMM), which is trained in an unsupervised way by using contextual 3D neighborhood information, thus providing a robust and invariant point signature. Finally, in the third step, matching among points of different views is performed by evaluating a pairwise similarity measure among HMMs. An extensive and comparative experimental session has been carried out, considering real objects acquired by a 3D scanner from different points of view, where objects come from standard 3D databases. Results are promising, as the detection of salient points is reliable, and the matching is robust and accurate.
Accurate Shadows by Depth Complexity Sampling
Authors: Forest Vincent , Barthe Loïc , Paulin Mathias 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe accurate generation of soft shadows is a particularly computationally intensive task. In order to reduce rendering time, most real‐time and offline applications decorrelate the generation of shadows from the computation of lighting. In addition to such approximations, they generate shadows using some restrictive assumptions only correct in very specific cases, leading to penumbra over‐estimation or light‐leaking artifacts. In this paper we present an algorithm that produces soft shadows without exhibiting the previous drawbacks. Using a new efficient evaluation of the number of occluders between two points (i.e. the depth complexity) we either modulate direct lighting or numerically solve the rendering equation for direct illumination. Our approach approximates shadows cast by semi‐opaque occluders and naturally handles area lights with spatially varying luminance. Furthermore, depending on the desired performance and quality, the resulting shadows are either very close to, or as accurate as, a ray‐traced reference. As a result, the presented method is well suited to many domains, ranging from quality‐sensitive to performance‐critical applications.
Deep Opacity Maps
Authors: Yuksel Cem , Keyser John 
Published: April 2008

AbstractWe present a new method for rapidly computing shadows from semi‐transparent objects like hair. Our deep opacity maps method extends the concept of opacity shadow maps by using a depth map to obtain a per pixel distribution of opacity layers. This approach eliminates the layering artifacts of opacity shadow maps and requires far fewer layers to achieve high quality shadow computation. Furthermore, it is faster than the density clustering technique, and produces less noise with comparable shadow quality. We provide qualitative comparisons to these previous methods and give performance results. Our algorithm is easy to implement, faster, and more memory efficient, enabling us to generate high quality hair shadows in real‐time using graphics hardware on a standard PC.
Practical Product Importance Sampling for Direct Illumination
Authors: Clarberg Petrik , Akenine‐Möllery Tomas 
Published: April 2008

AbstractWe present a practical algorithm for sampling the product of environment map lighting and surface reflectance. Our method builds on wavelet‐based importance sampling, but has a number of important advantages over previous methods. Most importantly, we avoid using precomputed reflectance functions by sampling the BRDF on‐the‐fly. Hence, all types of materials can be handled, including anisotropic and spatially varying BRDFs, as well as procedural shaders. This also opens up for using very high resolution, uncompressed, environment maps. Our results show that this gives a significant reduction of variance compared to using lower resolution approximations. In addition, we study the wavelet product, and present a faster algorithm geared for sampling purposes. For our application, the computations are reduced to a simple quadtree‐based multiplication. We build the BRDF approximation and evaluate the product in a single tree traversal, which makes the algorithm both faster and more flexible than previous methods.
Agile Spectrum Imaging: Programmable Wavelength Modulation for Cameras and Projectors
Authors: Mohan Ankit , Raskar Ramesh , Tumblin Jack 
Published: April 2008

AbstractWe advocate the use of quickly‐adjustable, computer‐controlled color spectra in photography, lighting and displays. We present an optical relay system that allows mechanical or electronic color spectrum control and use it to modify a conventional camera and projector. We use a diffraction grating to disperse the rays into different colors, and introduce a mask (or LCD/DMD) in the optical path to modulate the spectrum. We analyze the trade‐offs and limitations of this design, and demonstrate its use in a camera, projector and light source. We propose applications such as adaptive color primaries, metamer detection, scene contrast enhancement, photographing fluorescent objects, and high dynamic range photography using spectrum modulation.
Is Infant Initiation of Joint Attention by Pointing Affected by Type of Interaction?
Authors: Franco Fabia , Perucchini Paola , March Barbara 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThis article reports the results of two experiments studying the effects of type of interaction on infant production of declarative pointing. In Experiment 1, intensity of social presence was manipulated in adult–infant interaction with 12–19‐month‐olds (no social presence; adult responding only; adult also initiating joint attentional bids). Experiment 2 extended the analysis to peer interaction in 12–24‐month‐olds. Pointing was considered in the context of other gestures, vocalizations, and visual checking. The results show that pointing, but not vocalizing, virtually disappeared in the non‐social condition, whereas differential effects between the adult‐responding and initiating conditions were limited. Joint attentional bids were produced in peer interaction even in the younger age group, although overall the frequency of gestures was lower than that in adult–infant interaction. The results are discussed in the context of the relationship between communication and the infant developing social cognition.
Unique and Interactive Effects of Empathy and Social Status on Involvement in Bullying
Authors: Caravita Simona C. S. , Di Blasio Paola , Salmivalli Christina 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThis study investigated the relationships between affective and cognitive empathy, social preference and perceived popularity, and involvement in bullying situations by bullying others or defending the victimized children. The participants were 266 primary and 195 secondary school students. Affective and cognitive empathy, as well as the status variables, had some significant main effects on involvement in bullying. In addition, several interaction effects emerged. For instance, the positive association between affective empathy and defending behavior was stronger among boys who had a high status (i.e., were highly preferred) in the group. The results highlight the importance of studying child‐by‐environment models, which take into account both child characteristics and interpersonal variables in predicting social adjustment.
The Form and Function of Attachment Behavior in the Daily Lives of Young Adults
Authors: Campa Mary I. , Hazan Cindy , Wolfe Jared E. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractCentral to attachment theory is the postulation of an inborn system to regulate attachment behavior. This system has been well studied in infancy and childhood, but much less is known about its functioning at later ages. The goal of this study was to explore the form and function of attachment behavior in the daily lives of young adults. Twenty eight days of online diary data were collected from a sample of 60 undergraduates. In addition to providing descriptive data on routine attachment behavior, the study tests the theorized function of attachment behavior—that is, affect regulation. With the exception of safe haven behaviors, results indicate that age‐appropriate attachment behaviors are readily observable during this phase of development, tend to be preferentially directed toward attachment figures, and regulate affect in a theory consistent manner. Findings are discussed in terms of implications for normative developmental change and normative attachment processes.
Onychomycosis in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
Authors: Gaburri D , Chebli JMF , Zanine A , Gamonal AC , Gaburri PD 
Published: April 2008

AbstractBackground  As far as we have sought for in Medline and PubMed, not one study until now has evaluated the prevalence of onychomycosis in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). As there are great evidence of immunological disturbances linked to IBD, a possible relationship of this nail infection in association with those diseases and the possible risk factors might be relevant in IBD patients.Methods  A case‐control prospective study using combined direct smear and cultures for fungus was performed. Sociodemographics, clinical and laboratorial data were recorded at baseline and samples of suspected nails were collected from 141 IBD (61 men and 80 women) and from a group of 100 non‐IBD subjects (41 men and 59 women). Direct smear and cultures were performed on each suspected case to exclude other onychodystrophies.Results  The incidence of onychomycosis in IBD patients was highly significant in comparison to non‐IBD patients (14.9% vs. 6%, respectively, P < 0.05). The risk factors predisposing IBD patients to onychomycosis were older age (P = 0.02) and leucopoenia in those using azathioprine therapy (P = 0.04) beyond a trend to lymphopenia (P = 0.06). The dermatophytes predominated (76.2%) over yeasts (19%) and moulds (4.8%).Conclusion  The prevalence of onychomycosis in IBD patients was expressively high (14.9%) in comparison with non‐IBD patients. Considering the sociodemographic factors, any one but two were related to fungal onychomycosis incidence. Therefore, as far as we are concerned, IBD must be included in the high‐risk underlying conditions for onychomycosis occurrence.
Contact sensitization in patients with chronic wounds: Results of a prospective investigation
Authors: Freise J , Kohaus S , Korber A , Hillen U , Kroger K , Grabbe S , Dissemond J 
Published: April 2008

AbstractBackground  It is well known that patients with chronic wounds frequently acquire clinically relevant contact sensitizations to skin care products.Objectives  The aim of our study was to find out the actual frequency of contact sensitivities in patients with chronic wounds in Germany with particular attention to components of products used in modern wound therapy.Methods  We examined the results of a prospective clinical investigation on skin patch tests of patients with chronic wounds.Results  Altogether, 45 patients with chronic wounds were tested. In 25 (55.5%) of the examined patients, contact sensitization to at least one substance was detected. The most frequent contact sensitizations were to PVP‐iodine (20%), balsam of Peru (15.6%) patients, fragrance mix (11.1%), colophony (8.8%) and potassium dichromate (6.7%). We also found sensitization to the wound dressings Varihesive™ (11.1%), Iruxol™ N (6.7%) and Comfeel™ (2.2%).Conclusions  We would like to propagate that therapists who are involved in wound treatment should also pay attention on the ingredients of applied modern wound dressings.
Prograde metamorphic sequence of REE minerals in pelitic rocks of the Central Alps: implications for allanite–monazite–xenotime phase relations from 250 to 610 °C
Authors: JANOTS E. , ENGI M. , BERGER A. , ALLAZ J. , SCHWARZ J.‐O. , SPANDLER C. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe distribution of REE minerals in metasedimentary rocks was investigated to gain insight into the stability of allanite, monazite and xenotime in metapelites. Samples were collected in the central Swiss Alps, along a well‐established metamorphic field gradient that record conditions from very low grade metamorphism (250 °C) to the lower amphibolite facies (∼600 °C). In the Alpine metapelites investigated, mass balance calculations show that LREE are mainly transferred between monazite and allanite during the course of prograde metamorphism. At very low grade metamorphism, detrital monazite grains (mostly Variscan in age) have two distinct populations in terms of LREE and MREE compositions. Newly formed monazite crystallized during low‐grade metamorphism (<440 °C); these are enriched in La, but depleted in Th and Y, compared with inherited grains. Upon the appearance of chloritoid (∼440–450 °C, thermometry based on chlorite–choritoid and carbonaceous material), monazite is consumed, and MREE and LREE are taken up preferentially in two distinct zones of allanite distinguishable by EMPA and X‐ray mapping. Prior to garnet growth, allanite acquires two growth zones of clinozoisite: a first one rich in HREE + Y and a second one containing low REE contents. Following garnet growth, close to the chloritoid–out zone boundary (∼556–580 °C, based on phase equilibrium calculations), allanite and its rims are partially to totally replaced by monazite and xenotime, both associated with plagioclase (± biotite ± staurolite ± kyanite ± quartz). In these samples, epidote relics are located in the matrix or as inclusions in garnet, and these preserve their characteristic chemical and textural growth zoning, indicating that they did not experience re‐equilibration following their prograde formation. Hence, the partial breakdown of allanite to monazite offers the attractive possibility to obtain in situ ages, representing two distinct crystallization stages. In addition, the complex REE + Y and Th zoning pattern of allanite and monazite are essential monitors of crystallization conditions at relatively low metamorphic grade.
Residual effect of a 7‐amino metabolite of clonazepam on GABAA receptor function in the nucleus reticularis thalami of the rat
Authors: Munakata Mitsutoshi , Tsuchiya Shigeru 
Published: April 2008

SummaryA considerable amount of 7‐aminoclonazepam (ACZP), a major metabolite of clonazepam (CZP), is present in the brain during CZP treatment, yet the pharmacological properties of ACZP remain unknown. We investigated the effects of ACZP on the GABAA receptor‐mediated currents (IGABA) in neurons from the nucleus reticularis thalami (NRT) of the rat, using a nystatin‐perforated patch technique. Neurons in which CZP (10 nM) exerted prominent augmentation (>100% augmentation) of IGABA, which comprised 32% of the neurons tested, were included for the analysis of ACZP. In these neurons, ACZP augmented IGABA, which was blocked by 10 μM flumazenil, a benzodiazepine receptor (BZR) antagonist. The half‐maximal effective concentration of ACZP was 124 nM, whereas that of CZP was 1.8 nM. The maximal enhancements induced by ACZP and CZP were 38% and 170%, respectively. In neurons from the ventrobasal complex of the thalamus, the effect of ACZP was negligible. Our results suggest that ACZP was a weak partial BZR agonist and that ACZP may competitively modify the effect of CZP, leading to clinical consequences for patients with high levels of ACZP.