bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gotische Capricen. Zur Aufnahme François Villons durch Heinrich Heine, Théophile Gautier und Gérard de Nerval
Authors: Häfner Ralph 
Published: August 2007

Abstract
The works of François Villon had a remarkable impact on nineteenth-century literature. In Gérard de Nerval's novella “La Main enchantée” Villon is a “gallant outlaw” (Walter Scott), a favorite figure of the actual protagonist Godinot Chevassut. Nerval himself admired Villon's bohemianism. Théophile Gautier wrote a highly appreciative article on Villon in 1834, which became part of his collection “Les Grotesques” (1844). Heinrich Heine doesn't mention Villon, but four of his poems, “Testament,” “Vermächtniß,” “Der Philanthrop,” and “Rhampsenit,” seem to adopt Villon's legacy for Heine's own age. In the story of the Egyptian king Rhampsenit, Heine incorporates Villon's social and political critique, but in an orientalist perspective dear to the generation of 1830.
Laokoons ältester Sohn. Gewalt und Bildlichkeit bei Peter Weiss
Authors: Buch Robert 
Published: August 2007

Abstract
Peter Weiss' longstanding fascination with images of violence and pain is from the very beginning accompagnied by a certain anxiety and even a sense of guilt. These conflicting attitudes relate not only to descriptions of artworks in “The Aesthetics of Resistance,” but also to the author's two best-known dramatic productions. While the late novelistic trilogy stages the confrontation with iconic representations of violence and pain as one of overwhelming immediacy and presence, “Marat/Sade” effectively dismantles one such icon, David's famous portrait of the revolutionary slain in his bathtub. The other play, The Investigation, programmatically rejects the idea of representing atrocities committed in the concentration camps, but, paradoxically, the self-imposed proscription on images proves to be no less evocative than the ekphrastic ‘image-effects’ of the other two works.
Strain Hardening During Mechanical Twinning and Dislocation Channeling in Irradiated 316 Stainless Steels
Authors: Byun T. S. , Hashimoto N. 
Published: August 2007

Abstract
Localized deformation mechanisms and strain-hardening behaviors in irradiated 316 and 316LN stainless steels were investigated, and a theoretical model was proposed to explain the linear strain-hardening behavior during the localized deformation. After low temperature irradiation to significant doses, the deformation microstructure changed from dislocation tangles to channels or mechanical twins. It was also observed that irradiation hardening straightened gliding dislocations and increased the tendency for forming pileups. Regardless of these microstructural changes, the strain-hardening behavior was relatively insensitive to the irradiation. This dose-independent strain-hardening rate resulted in dose independence of the true stress parameters, such as the plastic instability stress and true fracture stress. In the proposed model, the long-range back stress was formulated as a function of the number of pileup dislocations per slip band and the number of slip bands in a grain. The calculation results confirmed the experimental observation that strain-hardening rate was insensitive to the change in deformation mechanism because the long-range back stress hardening became as high as the hardening by tangled dislocations.
LOX Compatible Toughened Bismaleimide Matrix Thermally Conductive Fiber Composites Part I: Composite Fabrication Viability And Thermal Conductivity Measurement
Authors: Gerzeski Roger 
Published: August 2007

Abstract
ASTM D2512 is the standard test used to determine if a material is liquid oxygen (LOX) compatible. To date all composites considered for use in making a LOX component have failed to pass this test due to their very low in-plane thermal conductivity (K). Since a higher K is usually a hallmark of a LOX compatible material, adequately increasing the in-plane K of a composite will render it D2512 LOX compatible. Good 66.0, 63.2, and 63.1 % fiber volume composites have been fabricated for the first time out of baseline T650-35-UC309 and thermally conductive YSH50A and YSH60A fibers using the toughened bismaleimide matrix 5250-4 RTM. The in-plane K of the thermally conductive fibered composites is within the estimated ∼30 to ∼70 W/mK range that a composite will require to pass D2512.
Self-Renewal of Murine Embryonic Stem Cells Is Supported by the Serine/Threonine Kinases Pim-1 and Pim-3
Authors: Aksoy Irène , Sakabedoyan Caline , Bourillot Pierre-Yves , Malashicheva Anna B. , Mancip Jimmy , Knoblauch Kenneth , Afanassieff Marielle , Savatier Pierre 
Published: August 2007

Abstract
pim-1 and pim-3 encode serine/threonine kinases involved in the regulation of cell proliferation and apoptosis in response to cytokine stimulation. We analyzed the regulation of pim-1 and pim-3 by the leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF)/gp130/signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3) pathway and the role of Pim-1 and Pim-3 kinases in mouse embryonic stem (ES) cell self-renewal. Making use of ES cells expressing a granulocyte colony-stimulating factor:gp130 chimeric receptor and a hormone-dependent signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 estrogen receptor (STAT3-ERT2), we showed that expression of pim-1 and pim-3 was upregulated by LIF/gp130-dependent signaling and the STAT3 transcription factor. ES cells overexpressing pim-1 and pim-3 had a greater capacity to self-renew and displayed a greater resistance to LIF starvation based on a clonal assay. In contrast, knockdown of pim-1 and pim-3 increased the rate of spontaneous differentiation in a self-renewal assay. Knockdown of pim-1 and pim-3 was also detrimental to the growth of undifferentiated ES cell colonies and increased the rate of apoptosis. These findings provide a novel role of Pim-1 and Pim-3 kinases in the control of self-renewal of ES cells.
Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
The autocyclic nature of glaciations
Authors: Van Vliet-Lanoë Brigitte 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe maximum extent of a glaciation is often confused with the coldest part of a glaciation. During the Last Glaciation, the date of the Last Ice Maximum Extent (LIME) is diachronous very early at high latitudes close to the traditional date in the intertropical mountains. The classical Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) never corresponds to the LIME with the exception of intertropical regions. At middle and high latitudes advances of the LGM only correspond to surges of a lately thickened ice sheet. The same structure also exists at the level of the entire Cenozoic of a whole glaciation or of much shorter events as the scale of a whole Bond’s cycle. For each type of event the reactional sequence is autocyclic: a rapid warming ends a slowly cooling trend due to the higher susceptibility of lower latitudes to external forcing (orbital and solar activity). Moisture supply from an ice-free ocean is the sine qua non to build glaciers. The syngenetic extent of the cold desert toward the equator is the limiting factor for ice volume: when glaciations develop in intertropical mountains with the development of sea ice in the polar zones, glaciers recede by precipitation starvation with restricted sedimentation. During a glacial era in parallel with ice cap building, the progressive sea level lowering and the subsequent enhanced aridity counterbalance the generalization of a world-scale glaciation. This concept could be also valid for the Neoproterozoic Glacial era and should probably invalidate the snowball hypothesis.
3D geometric modelling of an external orogenic domain: a case history from the western Alps (massif de Morges, Pelvoux)
Authors: Calcagno Philippe , Lazarre Joëlle , Courrioux Gabriel , Ledru Patrick 
Published: August 2007

Abstract
Describing the 3D geometry of geological surfaces is a fundamental step to infer their structural history, especially when they have recorded successive deformation phases. This study aims at testing the contribution of 3D modelling to the understanding of orogenic domains. It focuses on the cover/basement contact of an External Crystalline Massif of the French Alps considered as a marker of the finite deformation at orogen scale. This contact is observable in outliers of Mesozoic cover in the test area located in the Massif de Morges (Pelvoux Massif).
A 3D geometric model has been built from map and cross-section data derived from field structural and kinematic observations using STRIM software (Matra Datavision). 3D modelling ensures geometric consistency of geological interpretation. Moreover, the model has been unfolded to restore surfaces and to quantify shortening. Together with field analyses, those results show that two sub-perpendicular phases of deformation related to the Alpine cycle have occurred. The first and main one consisted of the NNE-SSW inversion of previous extensional paleo-faults that controlled the geometry of the Tethyan margin. The second one was an E-W compression of post-Early Oligocene age.
Ostracods and lithofacies of the Middle/Upper Devonian boundary stratotype (Puech de la Suque, Montagne Noire, France)
Authors: Casier Jean-Georges , Préat Alain 
Published: August 2007

Abstract
This paper discusses ostracods and their environmental setting close to the Givetian/Frasnian boundary in the Puech de la Suque Global Stratotype Section and Point. The ostracod fauna belongs exclusively to the Eifelian mega-assemblage and is largely dominated by Podocopina instars. Consequently, the majority of the 33 species recognised and illustrated is described in open nomenclature. The abundance of instars also indicates that most of beds are related to storm deposition. The composition of the fauna suggests a regression in the late Givetian followed by a transgression at the beginning of the Frasnian. Only one ostracod assemblage collected in the upper part of the section indicates a deeper setting below the storm wave base. Eight taxa disappeared in two steps near the Givetian / Frasnian boundary, probably in relation to the Frasnes Event.
The sedimentological analysis confirms that the section is constituted principally of storm deposits and reveals in addition the presence of numerous reddish hardgrounds highlighting an important condensation of the sequence.
First occurrence of the ‘hunting hyena’ Chasmaporthetes in the Late Miocene fossil bearing localities of Toros Menalla, Chad (Africa)
Authors: de Bonis Louis , Peigne Stephane , Likius Andossa , Makaye Hassane T. , Brunet Michel , Vignaud Patrick 
Published: August 2007

AbstractLate Miocene localities of Toros Menalla (Chad) have yielded many bones of fossil vertebrates with a lot of mammalian remains. Among the mammals, there are several Carnivora taxa, especially hyenids. The family Hyaenidae is very well developed during this period with classical bone crusher species but also with flesh eater taxa which are called hunting hyenas. The genus Chasmaporthetes is one of these taxa. It was described from North America, Asia, Euro-pa and South Africa but it is recorded for the first time in central Africa. The Chadian specimens are close to the South African species C. australis (Hendey, 1974) but differs through some morphological and metrical details. C. australis is a huge hunting hyena, a little bigger than the extant species Crocuta crocuta, the spotted hyena. An isolated premolar recorded in the locality Sahabi (Libya) belongs probably to the same group. The spreading of this large hunting species is probably correlated with the abundance of large ungulates in the local faunas.
Direct Effect of Cholesterol on Insulin Secretion
Authors: Hao Mingming , Head W. Steven , Gunawardana Subhadra C. , Hasty Alyssa H. , Piston David W. 
Published: August 2007

OBJECTIVE—Type 2 diabetes is often accompanied by abnormal blood lipid and lipoprotein levels, but most studies on the link between hyperlipidemia and diabetes have focused on free fatty acids (FFAs). In this study, we examined the relationship between cholesterol and insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells that is independent of the effects of FFAs.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Several methods were used to modulate cholesterol levels in intact islets and cultured β-cells, including a recently developed mouse model that exhibits elevated cholesterol but normal FFA levels. Acute and metabolic alteration of cholesterol was done using pharmacological reagents.
RESULTS—We found a direct link between elevated serum cholesterol and reduced insulin secretion, with normal secretion restored by cholesterol depletion. We further demonstrate that excess cholesterol inhibits secretion by downregulation of metabolism through increased neuronal nitric oxide synthase dimerization.
CONCLUSIONS—This direct effect of cholesterol on β-cell metabolism opens a novel set of mechanisms that may contribute to β-cell dysfunction and the onset of diabetes in obese patients.
Free Fatty Acid–Induced Reduction in Glucose-Stimulated Insulin Secretion
Authors: Oprescu Andrei I. , Bikopoulos George , Naassan Anthony , Allister Emma M. , Tang Christine , Park Edward , Uchino Hiroshi , Lewis Gary F. , Fantus I. George , Rozakis-Adcock Maria , Wheeler Michael B. , Giacca Adria 
Published: August 2007

OBJECTIVE—An important mechanism in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes in obese individuals is elevation of plasma free fatty acids (FFAs), which induce insulin resistance and chronically decrease β-cell function and mass. Our objective was to investigate the role of oxidative stress in FFA-induced decrease in β-cell function.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—We used an in vivo model of 48-h intravenous oleate infusion in Wistar rats followed by hyperglycemic clamps or islet secretion studies ex vivo and in vitro models of 48-h exposure to oleate in islets and MIN6 cells.
RESULTS—Forty-eight–hour infusion of oleate decreased the insulin and C-peptide responses to a hyperglycemic clamp (P &lt; 0.01), an effect prevented by coinfusion of the antioxidants N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and taurine. Similar to the findings in vivo, 48-h infusion of oleate decreased glucose-stimulated insulin secretion ex vivo (P &lt; 0.01) and induced oxidative stress (P &lt; 0.001) in isolated islets, effects prevented by coinfusion of the antioxidants NAC, taurine, or tempol (4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidine-1-oxyl). Forty-eight–hour infusion of olive oil induced oxidative stress (P &lt; 0.001) and decreased the insulin response of isolated islets similar to oleate (P &lt; 0.01). Islets exposed to oleate or palmitate and MIN6 cells exposed to oleate showed a decreased insulin response to high glucose and increased levels of oxidative stress (both P &lt; 0.001), effects prevented by taurine. Real-time RT-PCR showed increased mRNA levels of antioxidant genes in MIN6 cells after oleate exposure, an effect partially prevented by taurine.
CONCLUSIONS—Our data are the first demonstration that oxidative stress plays a role in the decrease in β-cell secretory function induced by prolonged exposure to FFAs in vitro and in vivo.
Abnormal Connexin Expression Underlies Delayed Wound Healing in Diabetic Skin
Authors: Wang Chiuhui Mary , Lincoln Jill , Cook Jeremy E. , Becker David L. 
Published: August 2007

OBJECTIVE—Dynamically regulated expression of the gap junction protein connexin (Cx)43 plays pivotal roles in wound healing. Cx43 is normally downregulated and Cx26 upregulated in keratinocytes at the edge of the wound as they adopt a migratory phenotype. We have examined the dynamics of Cx expression during wound healing in diabetic rats, which is known to be slow.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—We induced diabetes with streptozotocin and examined Cx expression and communication in intact and healing skin.
RESULTS—We found that diabetes decreased Cx43 and Cx26 protein and communication in the intact epidermis and increased Cx43 protein and communication in the intact dermis. Diabetes also altered the dynamic changes of Cxs associated with wound healing. Within 24 h, Cx43 was upregulated in a thickened bulb of keratinocytes at the wound edge (rather than downregulated as in controls, which formed a thin process of migratory cells). Cx43 decline was delayed until 48 h, when reepithelialization began. Although Cx26 was upregulated as normal after wounding in diabetic skin, its distribution at the wound edge was abnormal, being more widespread. Application of Cx43-specific antisense gel to diabetic wounds prevented the abnormal upregulation of Cx43 and doubled the rate of reepithelialization, which exceeded control levels.
CONCLUSIONS—Cx expression in diabetic skin is abnormal, as is the dynamic response of Cx43 to injury, which may underlie the delayed healing of diabetic wounds. Preventing the upregulation of Cx43 in diabetic wounds significantly improves the rate of healing and clearly has potential therapeutic value.
Calmodulin-Binding Domain of AS160 Regulates Contraction- but Not Insulin-Stimulated Glucose Uptake in Skeletal Muscle
Authors: Kramer Henning F. , Taylor Eric B. , Witczak Carol A. , Fujii Nobuharu , Hirshman Michael F. , Goodyear Laurie J. 
Published: August 2007

OBJECTIVE—Insulin and contraction increase skeletal muscle glucose uptake through distinct and additive mechanisms. However, recent reports have demonstrated that both signals converge on the Akt substrate of 160 kDa (AS160), a protein that regulates GLUT4 translocation. Although AS160 phosphorylation is believed to be the primary factor affecting its activity, AS160 also possesses a calmodulin-binding domain (CBD). This raises the possibility that contraction-stimulated increases in Ca2+/calmodulin could also modulate AS160 function.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—To evaluate the AS160 CBD in skeletal muscle, empty-vector, wild-type, or CBD-mutant AS160 cDNAs were injected into mouse muscles followed by in vivo electroporation. One week later, AS160 was overexpressed by ∼14-fold over endogenous protein.
RESULTS—Immunoprecipitates of wild-type and CBD-mutant AS160 were incubated with biotinylated calmodulin in the presence of Ca2+. Wild-type AS160, but not the CBD-mutant AS160, associated with calmodulin. Next, we measured insulin- and contraction-stimulated glucose uptake in vivo. Compared with empty-vector and wild-type AS160, insulin-stimulated glucose uptake was not altered in muscles expressing CBD-mutant AS160. In contrast, contraction-stimulated glucose uptake was significantly decreased in CBD-mutant–expressing muscles. This inhibitory effect on glucose uptake was not associated with aberrant contraction-stimulated AS160 phosphorylation. Interestingly, AS160 expressing both calmodulin-binding and Rab-GAP (GTPase-activating protein) domain point mutations (CBD + R/K) fully restored contraction-stimulated glucose uptake.
CONCLUSIONS—Our results suggest that the AS160 CBD directly regulates contraction-induced glucose uptake in mouse muscle and that calmodulin provides an additional means of modulating AS160 Rab-GAP function independent of phosphorylation. These findings define a novel AS160 signaling component, unique to contraction and not insulin, leading to glucose uptake in skeletal muscle.
Short-Term Caloric Restriction Induces Accumulation of Myocardial Triglycerides and Decreases Left Ventricular Diastolic Function in Healthy Subjects
Authors: van der Meer Rutger W. , Hammer Sebastiaan , Smit Johannes W.A. , Frölich Marijke , Bax Jeroen J. , Diamant Michaela , Rijzewijk Luuk J. , de Roos Albert , Romijn Johannes A. , Lamb Hildo J. 
Published: August 2007

OBJECTIVE—Diabetes and obesity are associated with increased plasma nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) levels, myocardial triglyceride accumulation, and myocardial dysfunction. Because a very low–calorie diet (VLCD) also increases plasma NEFA levels, we studied the effect of a VLCD on myocardial triglyceride content and cardiac function in healthy subjects.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Fourteen healthy nonobese men underwent 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) to determine myocardial and hepatic triglyceride content, 31P-MRS to assess myocardial high-energy phosphate (HEP) metabolism (phosphocreatine/ATP), and magnetic resonance imaging of myocardial function at baseline and after a 3-day VLCD.
RESULTS—After the dietary intervention, plasma NEFA levels increased compared with those at baseline (from 0.5 ± 0.1 to 1.1 ± 0.1 mmol/l, P &lt; 0.05). Concomitantly, myocardial triglyceride content increased by ∼55% compared with that at baseline (from 0.38 ± 0.05 to 0.59 ± 0.06%, P &lt; 0.05), whereas liver triglyceride content decreased by ∼32% (from 2.2 ± 0.5 to 1.5 ± 0.4%, P &lt; 0.05). The VLCD did not change myocardial phosphocreatine-to-ATP ratio (2.33 ± 0.15 vs. 2.33 ± 0.08, P &gt; 0.05) or systolic function. Interestingly, deceleration of the early diastolic flow across the mitral valve decreased after the VLCD (from 3.37 ± 0.20 to 2.91 ± 0.16 ml/s2 × 10−3, P &lt; 0.05). This decrease in diastolic function was significantly correlated with the increase in myocardial triglyceride content.
CONCLUSIONS—Short-term VLCD induces accumulation of myocardial triglycerides. In addition, VLCD decreases left ventricular diastolic function, without alterations in myocardial HEP metabolism. This study documents diet-dependent physiological variations in myocardial triglyceride content and diastolic function in healthy subjects.
All-Cause Mortality Associated With Specific Combinations of the Metabolic Syndrome According to Recent Definitions
Authors: Guize Louis , Thomas Frédérique , Pannier Bruno , Bean Kathy , Jego Bertrand , Benetos Athanase 
Published: August 2007

OBJECTIVE—The aim was to evaluate the impact of specific component combinations of the metabolic syndrome on all-cause mortality risk in a large French cohort.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—The population was composed of 39,998 men (aged 52.6 ± 8.3 years) and 20,756 women (aged 54.7 ± 9.2 years) who were examined at the Investigations Préventives et Cliniques Center from 1999 to 2002. Mean follow-up was 3.57 ± 1.12 years. Metabolic syndrome was defined according to three definitions: the National Cholesterol Educational Program (NCEP 2001), the revised NCEP (NCEP-R; American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute 2005), and the International Diabetes Federation (IDF 2005). Subjects with metabolic syndrome were compared with subjects without metabolic syndrome and with subjects with no metabolic syndrome components using Cox regression models.
RESULTS—The prevalence of metabolic syndrome increased from 10.3% (NCEP) to 17.7% (NCEP-R) and 23.4% (IDF). After adjustment for age, sex, classical risk factors, and socioprofessional categories, and compared with subjects without metabolic syndrome, the risk of all-cause mortality was 1.79 (95% CI 1.35–2.38), 1.46 (1.14–1.88), and 1.32 (1.04–1.67) with the NCEP, NCEP-R, and IDF definitions, respectively. Among the combinations significantly associated with all-cause mortality, the following three-component combinations and the four-component combination were more highly significant than other combinations (P &lt; 0.05): elevated waist circumference plus elevated glucose, plus either elevated blood pressure or elevated triglycerides, and the combination of all four of these.
CONCLUSIONS—In a large middle-aged French population, four specific components of metabolic syndrome are associated with a much higher mortality risk. These results may have a significant impact on detecting high-risk subjects suffering from metabolic disorders and underline the fact that metabolic syndrome is a nonhomogeneous syndrome.