bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physician characteristics, attitudes, and use of computerized order entry
Authors: Lindenauer Peter K. , Ling David , Pekow Penelope S. , Crawford Allison , Naglieri‐Prescod Deborah , Hoople Nancy , Fitzgerald Janice , Benjamin Evan M. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractBACKGROUNDComputerized physician order entry (CPOE) is a widely advocated patient safety intervention, yet little is known about its adoption by attending physicians or community hospitals.METHODSWe calculated the order entry rates of attending physicians at 2 hospitals by measuring the number of orders entered directly and dividing this by the sum of orders entered directly and those written by hand. These findings were paired with the results of a survey that assessed attitudes concerning the impact of CPOE on personal efficiency, quality of care, and patient safety.RESULTSThree hundred and fifty‐six (71%) of the 502 surveys were returned by physicians, whose median order entry rate was 66%. Forty‐two percent of respondents placed at least 80% of their orders electronically (high use), 26% placed 21%‐79% of their orders electronically (intermediate use), and 32% placed 20% or less of their orders electronically (low use). Sex, years since medical school graduation, years in practice at the study institution, and use of computers in the outpatient arena were not meaningfully different among the 3 groups. However, use of the system to place orders varied by specialty, and those with intermediate or high use of the system were more likely than low users to have used CPOE during training and to be regular users of computers for personal activities. These physicians were more likely to believe that CPOE enabled orders to be placed efficiently, that directly entered orders were carried out more rapidly, and that such orders were associated with fewer errors.CONCLUSIONSThe adoption of CPOE by attending physicians at community hospitals varies widely. In addition to purchasing systems that support physician work flow, hospitals intent on successfully implementing CPOE should emphasize the benefits in safety and quality of this new technology. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2006;1:221–230. © 2006 Society of Hospital Medicine.
Role of phosphorylation of ERK in induction and maintenance of LTP of the C‐fiber evoked field potentials in spinal dorsal horn
Authors: Xin Wen‐Jun , Gong Qing‐Juan , Xu Ji‐Tian , Yang Hong‐Wei , Zang Ying , Zhang Tong , Li Yong‐Yong , Liu Xian‐Guo 
Published: August 2006

AbstractPrevious works have shown that activation of extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK)/cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) pathway is essential for long‐term potentiation (LTP) in hippocampus. In the present study, the role of the ERK/CREB pathway in LTP of C‐fiber evoked field potentials in spinal dorsal horn, which is relevant to pathologic pain, was investigated in adult rats. Western blotting analysis showed that the protein level of phosphorylated ERK (p‐ERK) in ipsilateral spinal dorsal horn was transiently increased after LTP induction, starting at 15 min and returning to control at 60 min after tetanic stimulation and that the protein level of p‐CREB increased at 30 min, persisting for at least 3 hr after LTP induction. Double immunofluorescence staining showed that p‐ERK and p‐CREB were only located in neurons but not in glial cells in the spinal dorsal horn after LTP induction. More importantly, we found that spinal application of PD 98059 (100 μM), a selective MEK inhibitor, at 30 min before tetanic stimulation blocked LTP induction and prevented the increase in p‐ERK and p‐CREB in spinal dorsal horn. When applied 15 min after LTP induction, PD98059 reversed established LTP. The drug, however, did not affect the spinal LTP, when applied at 30 min after LTP. Our results suggested that activation of ERK/CREB pathway in spinal dorsal neurons is necessary for induction and maintenance of long‐term potentiation of the C‐fiber evoked field potentials. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Intrathecal injection of epidermal growth factor and fibroblast growth factor 2 promotes proliferation of neural precursor cells in the spinal cords of mice with mutant human SOD1 gene
Authors: Ohta Yasuyuki , Nagai Makiko , Nagata Tetsuya , Murakami Tetsuro , Nagano Isao , Narai Hisashi , Kurata Tomoko , Shiote Mito , Shoji Mikio , Abe Koji 
Published: August 2006

AbstractWe investigated three steps of neural precursor cell activation—proliferation, migration, and differentiation—in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis spinal cord treated with intrathecal infusion of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) into the lumbar spinal cord region of normal and symptomatic transgenic (Tg) mice with a mutant human Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1) gene. We observed that 5‐bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) + nestin double‐labeled neural precursor cells increased in the spinal cords of Tg mice compared with non‐Tg mice, with a much greater increase produced by EGF and FGF2 treatment. The number of BrdU + nestin double‐labeled cells was larger than that of BrdU + ionized calcium‐binding adapter molecule‐1 (Iba1), BrdU + glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), or BrdU + highly polysialylated neural cell adhesion molecule (PSA‐NCAM) double‐labeled cells, but none expressed neuronal nuclear antigen (NeuN). On further analysis of the gray matter of Tg mice, the number of BrdU + nestin and BrdU + PSA‐NCAM double‐labeled cells increased more in the ventral horns than the dorsal horns, which was again greatly enhanced by EGF and FGF2 treatment. Because neural precursor cells reside close to the ependyma of central canal, the present study suggests that proliferation and migration of neural precursor cells to the ventral horns is greatly activated in symptomatic Tg mice and is further enhanced by EGF and FGF2 treatment and, furthermore, that the neural precursor cells preferentially differentiate into neuronal precursor cells instead of astrocytes in Tg mice with EGF and FGF2 treatment. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Contributions of muscles, ligaments, and the ground‐reaction force to tibiofemoral joint loading during normal gait
Authors: Shelburne Kevin B. , Torry Michael R. , Pandy Marcus G. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe aim of this study was twofold: first, to determine which muscles and ligaments resist the adduction moment at the knee during normal walking; and second, to describe and explain the contributions of muscles, ligaments, and the ground reaction force to medial and lateral compartment loading. Muscle forces, ground reaction forces, and joint motions obtained from a dynamic optimization solution for normal walking were used as input to a three‐dimensional model of the lower limb. A static equilibrium problem was solved at each instant of the gait cycle to determine tibiofemoral joint loading at the knee. Medial compartment loading was determined mainly by the orientation of the ground reaction force. Because this force vector passed medial to the knee, it applied an adduction moment about the joint during stance. In contrast, all of the force transmitted by the lateral compartment was due to muscle and ligament action. The muscles that contributed most to support and forward propulsion during normal walking (quadriceps and gastrocnemius) also contributed most to knee stability in the frontal plane. The knee ligaments, particularly those of the posterior lateral corner, provided stability to the knee at certain periods of the stance phase, when activity of the important stabilizing muscles was low. © 2006 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 24:1983–1990, 2006
Improved assay of coenzyme Q10 from liposomes by Tween 80 solubilisation and UV spectrophotometry
Authors: Xia Shuqin , Xu Shiying 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe encapsulated coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) level is an important index in evaluating the quality of CoQ10 liposomes. This study demonstrates a simple method to release encapsulated CoQ10 from liposomal suspension using moderate amounts of the non‐ionic surfactant Tween 80 to form mixed micelles containing phospholipids, Tween 80 and CoQ10. The encapsulated CoQ10 level was detected by means of Tween 80 solubilisation and ultraviolet (UV) spectrophotometry, in which 1 mL of the reducing agent NaBH4 (7 mg mL−1) was added. The proposed method had a good linear correlation with ethanol solubilisation and reverse phase high‐performance liquid chromatography (RP‐HPLC) and with ethanol solubilisation and UV spectrophotometry over a CoQ10 concentration range of 2.5–50 µg mL−1 (R2 > 0.999). The average recovery rate of CoQ10 from blank liposomes was estimated as 99.46 ± 1.54%. The difference in results between the organic solvent extraction method and the Tween 80 solubilisation method was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). When the latter method was applied to determine the total and the encapsulated CoQ10 content quantitatively, the relative standard deviation was lower than 5%. Therefore this method has proved to be convenient, sensitive, accurate and reproducible compared with conventional RP‐HPLC analysis and UV spectrophotometry with organic solvent extraction. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
Ruminal degradation of mountain pastures infested by Euphorbia polygalifolia in cattle and sheep: effect of previous grazing in invaded areas
Authors: Mora Manuel J , Hervás Gonzalo , Mantecón Ángel R , Busqué Juan , Frutos Pilar 
Published: August 2006

AbstractSix cows and eight ewes were distributed in four paddocks according to a factorial design, 2 species (cattle vs sheep) × 2 grazing managements (grazing in pastures invaded vs non‐invaded by Euphorbia polygalifolia), to study the ability of sheep and cattle to ruminally degrade mountain pastures containing E. polygalifolia, as well as the influence of previous grazing in invaded areas. After a period of 17 days, rumen fluids were collected and used as microbial inoculum to examine in vitro fermentation rates and ruminal parameters of infested and non‐infested pastures. Results on parameters of gas production, extent of degradation, ammonia concentration and volatile fatty acid production of infested pastures indicate a better fermentation of this substrate in sheep than in cattle. The absence of noticeable differences when the pasture without this species of spurge was incubated suggests that most variation between ruminant species can be attributed to the presence of E. polygalifolia. The positive effect of previous grazing in invaded areas on rates of gas production, extent of degradation and ammonia concentration supports the hypothesis that the ability to degrade infested pastures may be enhanced by previous consumption, probably through an adaptation of the rumen microbiota. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
NMR study on the structure and stability of 4‐substituted aromatic iodosyl compounds
Authors: Hiller Achim , Patt Jörg T. , Steinbach Jörg 
Published: August 2006

AbstractTwo 4‐substituted aromatic iodosyl compounds were investigated with regard to their solubility, stability and chromatographic behaviour. 1‐Iodosyl‐4‐methoxy‐ and 1‐iodosyl‐4‐nitro‐benzene are soluble in methanol and provide acceptable 1H and 13C NMR spectra; however, gradual oxidation of the solvent was observed. LC‐MS analyses suggest that unlike the parent substance, iodosylbenzene, which has a polymeric structure, both compounds rather exist in the monomeric form. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Vascular wall elasticity measurement by magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Woodrum D.A. , Romano A.J. , Lerman A. , Pandya U.H. , Brosh D. , Rossman P.J. , Lerman L.O. , Ehman R.L. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe goal of this current study was to determine whether an MRI‐based elastography (MRE) method can visualize and assess propagating mechanical waves within fluid‐filled vessels and to investigate the feasibility of measuring the elastic properties of vessel walls and quantitatively assessing stenotic lesions by using MRE. The ability to measure the Young's modulus‐wall thickness product was tested using a thin‐walled latex vessel model. Also tested in vessel models was the ability to quantitate the degree of stenosis by measuring transmitted and reflected mechanical waves. This method was then applied to ex vivo porcine models and in vivo human arteries to further test its feasibility. The results provide preliminary evidence that MRE can be used to quantitatively assess the stiffness of blood vessels, and provide a non‐morphologic method to measure stenosis. With further development, it is possible that the method can be implemented in vivo. Magn Reson Med, 2006. Published 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Temporal correlation‐based dynamic contrast‐enhanced MR imaging improves assessment of complex pulmonary circulation in congenital heart disease
Authors: Tsai Shang‐Yueh , Wu Ming‐Ting , Lin Yi‐Ru , Hsieh Kai‐Sheng , Lin Chu‐Chuan , Huang Teng‐Yi , Chung Hsiao‐Wen , Pan Jun‐Yen , Huang Yi‐Luan , Pan Huay‐Ben , Yang Chien‐Fang 
Published: August 2006

AbstractA temporal correlation (TC) mapping method is proposed to help bolus chasing during dynamic contrast‐enhanced (DCE) MRI of complex pulmonary circulation (CPC) in patients with congenital heart disease. DCE‐MRI was performed on five healthy male subjects (23–24 years old) and 25 patients (nine males and 16 females, 0.25–44 years old), and TC maps were generated by performing pixel‐based computation of cross‐correlations to the pulmonary artery with a series of time shifts in all subjects. Qualitative and quantitative evaluations were performed in comparison with original DCE images. TC maps exhibited a better signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) by factors of 4.3 and 1.3 in the lung parenchyma, pulmonary veins, and superior artery/vein; a better intraparenchymal contrast‐to‐noise ratio (CNR) by factors of 1.5–5.4; and a significantly higher conspicuity in all regions except the pulmonary arteries when graded with a five‐point score. TC maps evaluated by two experienced clinicians significantly added relevant information (P < 0.001), and in some cases affected the final diagnosis. We conclude that TC maps facilitate bolus chasing for DCE‐MRI by reducing recirculation effects and interframe fluctuations, and hence complements morphological imaging of CPC in patients with complex congenital heart disease. Magn Reson Med, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Optimal acquisition schemes for in vivo quantitative magnetization transfer MRI
Authors: Cercignani Mara , Alexander Daniel C. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThis paper uses the theory of Cramer‐Rao lower bounds (CRLB) to obtain optimal acquisition schemes for in vivo quantitative magnetization transfer (MT) imaging, although the method is generally applicable to any multiparametric MRI technique. Quantitative MT fits a two‐pool model to data collected at different sampling points or settings of amplitude and offset frequency in the MT saturation pulses. Here we use simple objective functions based on the CRLB to optimize sampling strategies for multiple parameters simultaneously, and use simulated annealing to minimize these objective functions with respect to the sampling configuration. Experiments compare optimal schemes derived for quantitative MT in the human white matter (WM) at 1.5T with previously published schemes using both synthetic and human‐brain data. Results show large reductions in error of the fitted parameters with the new schemes, which greatly increases the clinical potential of in vivo quantitative MT. Since the sampling‐scheme optimization requires specific settings of the MT parameters, we also show that the optimum schemes are robust to these settings within the range of MT parameters observed in the brain. Magn Reson Med, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Contrast enhanced MRI‐guided photodynamic therapy for site‐specific cancer treatment
Authors: Vaidya Anagha , Sun Yongen , Ke Tianyi , Jeong Eun‐Kee , Lu Zheng‐Rong 
Published: August 2006

AbstractPhotodynamic therapy (PDT) is a minimally invasive and effective approach for cancer treatment. It is potentially useful for treating tumors that are not accessible to surgery, radiation, or destructive ablations, and are resistant to chemotherapy. Efficacious treatment of interstitial tumors with PDT requires efficient delivery of photosensitizers and accurate location of tumor tissues for effective light irradiations. In this study we performed contrast‐enhanced (CE) MRI‐guided PDT with a bifunctional polymer conjugate containing both a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent and a photosensitizer, poly(L‐glutamic acid) (PGA)‐(Gd‐DO3A)‐mesochlorin e6 (Mce6). The efficacy of the bifunctional conjugate in cancer CE‐MRI and cancer treatment was evaluated in athymic nude mice bearing MDA‐MB‐231 human breast carcinoma xenografts, with PGA‐(Gd‐DO3A) used as a control. The polymer conjugates preferentially accumulated in the solid tumor due to the hyperpermeability of the tumor vasculature, resulting in significant tumor enhancement for accurate tumor detection and localization by MRI. Significant therapeutic response was observed for PDT with the bifunctional conjugate as compared to the control. CE‐MRI‐guided PDT with the bifunctional conjugate is effective for tumor detection and minimally invasive cancer treatment. Magn Reson Med, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Relationship between point gene mutation, chromosomal abnormality, and tumour suppressor gene methylation status in colorectal adenomas
Authors: Judson H , Stewart A , Leslie A , Pratt NR , Baty DU , Steele RJC , Carey FA 
Published: August 2006

AbstractEpigenetic mechanisms in carcinogenesis may have a significant role in the development of colorectal cancer. To investigate this phenomenon in early‐stage disease, promoter methylation status in the tumour suppressor genes APC, MGMT, hMLH1, P14/P14ARF, and CDKN2A/P16 was investigated in 78 colorectal adenomas. These had previously been characterized for mutations of APC, KRAS, and TP53 genes and for chromosomal abnormality by comparative genomic hybridization (CGH). APC hypermethylation was seen in 52 tumours (66.7%). APC showed either methylation or mutation in 66 lesions (84.6%), but these events were not statistically associated. MGMT methylation was detected in 39 cases (50%). Adenomas with this abnormality showed a significantly lower number of chromosomal changes by CGH (p < 0.02), confirming that DNA repair defect of this type is associated with a lower level of chromosomal instability. An hMLH1 methylation defect was seen in only one adenoma (1.3%), from a patient who had a synchronous cancer showing the same defect. Methylation of P14 (P14ARF) was seen in 31 adenomas (39.7%) and CDKN2A (P16) abnormality in 25 (32.1%). DNA methylation at two or more loci was seen in 46 tumours (59%), while 11 lesions (14.1%) showed no evidence of hypermethylation at any of the loci studied. Methylation at any or all of MGMT, P14 or P16 was significantly associated with APC methylation (p = 0.01). Those neoplasms with more than two methylated genes showed significantly fewer chromosomal abnormalities than adenomas with one or no methylated loci (p < 0.001). There was no association between specific individual chromosomal abnormalities, APC, KRAS or TP53 mutations and any pattern of methylation abnormality. We conclude that methylation abnormality is very common in pre‐invasive colorectal neoplasia, and that high level methylation is associated with low level chromosomal instability. Copyright © 2006 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and characterization of organo‐soluble fluorinated polyimides
Authors: Hariharan R , Sarojadevi M 
Published: August 2006

AbstractA novel fluorinated diamine monomer with a keto group, 4‐[4‐amino‐2‐trifluoromethyl phenoxy]‐4′‐[4‐aminophenoxy]benzophenone (ATAB) was prepared by reacting dihydroxybenzophenone with 4‐chloronitrobenzene and 2‐chloro‐5‐nitrotrifluoromethylbenzene in the presence of potassium carbonate followed by catalytic reduction with palladized carbon (10%). Fluorinated polyimides IVa–e were synthesized from the diamine mentioned above via a two‐step method (thermal and chemical imidization). Polyimides IVa–e have inherent viscosities in the range 0.65–1.06 dL g−1 (thermal imidization) and 0.82–1.56 dL g−1 (chemical imidization). The polyimides prepared by chemical imidization exhibit excellent solubility. Polyimide films exhibit tensile strength, elongation and tensile modulus in the ranges 96–106 MPa, 9–13% and 1.1–1.7 GPa, respectively. The T10 values of the polyimides are in the range 540–598 °C in nitrogen and 545–586 °C in air, with more than 50–60% char yield. They have Tg values between 244 and 285 °C. The prepared polyimides show cut‐off wavelengths in the range 365–412 nm and transmittance at 450 nm in the range 80.9–94.2%. The dielectric constants of the polyimide films are in the range 3.10–3.77 at 1 kHz and 3.04–3.66 at 10 kHz, with moisture absorption of 0.14–0.40%. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
Applying the SAGE technique to study the effects of electromagnetic field on biological systems
Authors: Wang San Ming 
Published: August 2006

AbstractIdentification of genes alternatively expressed in electromagnetic field (EMF)‐exposed cells could provide direct evidence for biological effects of EMF. As there are a few indications so far for certain genes to be influenced by EMF, genome‐wide scans of the transcriptome appear to be necessary. Among the several technologies used for genome‐wide gene expression analysis, serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) is one promising method, which seems particularly applicable for EMF research. This review provides a brief description of the features of gene expression, illustrates the basic principle of SAGE, and discusses the advantages and limitations of SAGE as well as examples of application. This information should help investigators determine if the SAGE technique is an optimal method for evaluating the biological effects of EMF.
Motion of compliant capsules on corrugated surfaces: A means of sorting by mechanical properties
Authors: Alexeev Alexander , Verberg Rolf , Balazs Anna C. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractWe discuss a novel method for capturing the dynamic coupling between a fluid and an elastic solid, the so‐called fluid–structure interaction. This method integrates a lattice Boltzmann model to capture the fluid dynamics with a lattice spring model to capture the micromechanics of the solid phase. We then examine the fluid‐driven motion of microcapsules, which are modeled as fluid‐filled, elastic shells, along a corrugated substrate. We show that the ability of the capsules to navigate along the surface depends critically on capsule's elastic modulus. In particular, we illustrate how this substrate can be utilized to design a device for sorting microcapsules by their mechanical properties. These results apply not only to polymeric microcapsules, but also describe the interaction between the substrate and certain biological cells (e.g., leukocytes and other cells with cytoskeletons). Hence, by isolating species of a certain stiffness, the device could be highly useful for applications in biotechnology and tissue engineering or in the quality control of fabricated microcapsules. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 44: 2667–2678, 2006