bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Hermeneutic of Charity: Response To Heather Landrus
Authors: Roberts Mark 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThis response to the article of Heather Landrus appreciates the way that studying how the life experiences (or, social locations) of believers influ ence how they interpret Scripture can invite students to receive these testi mony-enriched readings with respect and to respond to them both charitably and critically, for the glory of God. A response to a reading one cannot endorse completely critiques the reading charitably when it (1) discerns the gospel intention in the reading; (2) rejoices in the good fruit borne through the reading; (3) seeks to preserve the good fruit while re-rooting the gospel intention in Scripture texts (or acts of the Christian meta-narrative) in which that intention is expressed more clearly, with fewer hermeneutical difficul ties, and more fully, with the voicing of more of the 'whole counsel of God'; and (4) offers one's own critical-faith reading, not to discredit another's but to build up others. This 'hermeneutic of charity' contemporizes the similar approach of Augustine in De doctrina christiana and, in this article, uses Oral Roberts' reading of 3 Jn 2 as an example.
Amateurism — Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow
Authors: Morikawa Sadao 
Published: March 2007

This article is intended, on the basis of the observation of "amateurism", to make clear the ideological characters of modern sports, i.e. both the positive and negative sides of bourgeois sports, and to take up the position that sports will be inevitably compelled to make their way toward the unification of their populariza tion and art development, by sublating ''amateurism'' in order to establish economic foundation for their existence. The contents of this article are divided into 1. Formation of "Amateurism'', 2. Formation of Modern Sports, 3. Self-Contradiction of "Amateur Sports and 4. How to Solve Amateur Problems. The conclusion of this article is as follows: Necessary for the set-up of the social and economic foundations of sports is practice to set up "sports workers' new sports view". Efforts should be put forth for the social revaluation of "sports workers" position and the autonomic and democratic development of sports for the masses in tie-up with movements for working hour reduction and living condition improvement now in progress on national scale with workers as their main force.
Pupils' Choice, Extracurricular Activities: A Critique of Hierarchical Authority?
Authors: Hendry Leo , Thorpe Ellis 
Published: March 2007

A problem that has been of some concern to educationalists, headmasters, and teachers of physical education in Britain, is why an increasing number of pupils in secondary schools do not participate in extracurricular physical and sports ac tivities. For example, a recent study of 3000 pupils aged fifteen and sixteen in 15 compre hensive schools in Central Scotland, shows that less than half the pupils — including only 30% of girls — were actively involved in extracurricular physical and sports activities (Hendry 1975). It might seem superficially that non-participation in extracurricular physical and sports activities is a special case of the more general problem of "school re jection" among many pupils of this age-range in secondary schools (Hargreaves 1967, Reid 1972). However, "school rejection" is of limited value in understanding the conduct of pupils, for a number of reasons. If pupils choose not to participate in extracurricu lar activities, then "school rejection" is merely a substitute term for "choosing not to participate". School rejection itself then must still be explained. It is suggested in this paper that an explanation of "school rejection" rests in understanding from a sociological point of view, the manner in which "school re jection" is part of the pupils' critique of a hierarchical authority structure.
Sport and Olympic Idealism
Authors: Czula Roman 
Published: March 2007

The major obejctive of this study is to determine the relationship of the sport an athlete competes in, to the athlete's level of expressed Olympic Idealism. Stated in the Null form, the hypothesis to be tested is: There is no relationship between an athlete's sport and his expression of Olympic Idealism attitudes. The tenets of Olympic Idealism, as espoused by the International Olympic Com mittee (hereafter IOC), should be familiar to anyone with even a remote interest in sport. Bucher's concise outline of the major components of Olympic Idealism shall be used in this analysis: 1. Sport should be practiced for its own sake, not for any material gain. 2. The competition should be exclusively for individuals; nationalism has no place in the Games. 3. The important thing is not winning but taking part. (Bucher, 1968). The Olympic creed has survived eighty years without any basic change. This is a remarkable accomplishment considering the volatile course of history during that time. Perhaps as astonishing as that record of constancy is the almost total absence of empirical data assessing the relevance of the creed to Olympic athletes. Czula, et al. (1976), in the only published study found on the subject, reported that there was not a universal acceptance of the Olympic Idealism creed in a sample of United States Olympic athletes. Using three attitude scales measuring Bucher's above listed aspects of Olympism, Czula et al, found that 38%, 42% and 26% respectively, of the athletes sampled prior to the 1960 Games disagreed with the IOC views on Idealism.
The Position of Sport in the Theories of Quality of Life
Authors: Güldenpfennig Sven 
Published: March 2007

The term and the conception of "Quality of Life" have originated in the increasing gravity of the economic and the general crisis of capitalism in the late sixties as an answer to the appearing "limits to growth". The scientific nucleus of this conception lies in the recognition of the indispensable integration of quantitative and qualitative growth of social living conditions (connection between living standard and quality of life). But as a re sult of its genesis as a bourgeois respectively as a social democratic reform concep tion it has specific scientific and political limits. But if the theory and the conception of quality of life could be severed from their idealistic premises (assumption of general-humanistic aims, abstraction of politico-economic pre-conditions and of tying up to class interests) and could be approximated to the marxist theory of way of life and theorie of culture, they might become very scientifically fruitful and practically significant. This is particularly right: — for the suspension of the mutual isolation of the different spheres of Life as work, everyday life, culture, leisure time etc.; — for the theoretical and practical generation of the connection between the spheres of production and culture: improvement of quality of life as a demo cratic and humanistic reform of all spheres of life of the working class on the basis of a democratic and (with reference to the interests of the working people) efficient development of the production sphere; — for the recognition of the dependence of progress in all spheres of quality of life on the political activity of the working class and its organizations as well as on the connection between quantitative aims (individual consumption, wages) and qualitative aims (social consumption, education, social influence and co-deter mination of the working class). The social position of sport has hardly been discussed in the framework of the theories of quality of life and of culture up to now. But for the theories of sport as well follow substantial new points of view by its incorporation — into a concept of quality of life, which makes possible the connection between quantitative expansion of existing needs and living conditions of the working people and their qualitative enlargement and higher development, and; — into a concept of culture, which comprehends culture as historical- and social-specific, individual and active appropriaition of the natural and social environment and which realizes the valuation of the social importance of particu lar cultural activities (as for example sport) not for itself out of its position within the entire life activity. By means of this incorporation of the theory of sport the politico-economic foundations of sport, the historically given social, institutional and substantial structures of the sport system and aims for the reform of sport can be realized more comprehensively and more differentiatedly.
Expectations Related to Physical Culture in Hungary
Authors: Földesi Tamas , Foldesi Tamásné 
Published: March 2007

In their work the authors compare the axiom-like thesis elaborated by a work ing-group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, i.e., practical conclusions drawn from it related to the true situation. In the first part the fundamental thesis is studied, according to which "...phy sical culture is an indispensable element of the culture of a socialist human being living in the last quarter of the twentieth century." The author believes, that, in Hungary socialist-minded people accept this thesis when speaking about socialist culture in general, but doubt it, when the question is about socialist culture of the individual. They analyze the reasons of doubt and of refusal and in corre lation — based upon empirical facts — social conditions of physical culture. In the second part the authors study the question in what way the conclusion drawn in the form of a postulate follows from the fundamental thesis, as a pre miss, of the recommendations of the Somatic Committee. The postulate contains the following practical requirements: "...beside foregoing political, professional and general human (ethical) postulates physical culture expectations have to be gra dually asserted towards both, leaders and subordinates." They establish that there is more in the conclusion than in the premiss, which means that though the fundamental thesis is in close correlation with the con clusion, it does not, in itself, justify existence of the latter. In support of this statement, the authors start from the point to what extent the principle in question asserts itself. According to their opinion, in Hungary, at present no requirements including many-sided, regular physical training assert themselves at all towards people actively engaged in work. (Towards school boys and school girls, university students and conscripts there are some physical culture expectations, though not to a necessary extent). According to their judgement the reason why sport-cultural requirements do not figure among those set to working people is that postulates, in general, are not of a cultural character. Their conclusion is that, self-assertion of physical-culture expectation is not only based upon the fact that physical culture is an integral part of the culture of a socialist human being, but also that the interests of both, individual and society require essential advance in this field, one of the forms of which could be inclusion of the sport-cultural postulate in the expectations. In the final part of their work the authors indicate the problems that would arise if, in their country, a postulate of this trend were introduced.
Relations Between Sports and Some Factors Influencing the Socialization Process
Authors: Hosek A. , Petrovic K. , Momirovic K. , Horga S. 
Published: March 2007

In investigations the purpose of which is the analysis of relations between sports and the degree of socialization the essence of the problem is objective de termination of the socialization level and factors on which the socialization process actually depends. In this investigation the socialization degree has been determined on the basis of results obtained by application of objective measuring instruments, by which the reactions of subjects in the representative sample of social situations have been registered. The total of 10 such instruments, 5 of which have been con structed in accordance with the principles of interactionistic personality theory, and 5 were applied in accordance with the classical model for the estimation of primary conative characteristics. The analyses carried out on a sample of 179 girls, 16 years of age, have shown that there are significant differences in basic dimensions on which depends the socialization process between subjects who practice sports actively and those who practice sports irregularly or not at all. The subjects who practice sports re gularly show, as a rule, a considerably higher socialization degree. Thus it was possible to construct a regression function which, with a considerable degree of accuracy, separates the groups with different levels of sport activity. As symmetry of relations between socialization process and sports activity can be assumed, it is possible to conclude, with a high degree of credibility, that sport is one of relevant factors on which the socialization of personality depends.
Careers in Running Individual Needs and Social Organization
Authors: Lutz Ronald 
Published: March 2007

The first "Volkslauf" at Bobingen on Oct. 13, 1963 signalled the beginning of a development transforming organized running into a sport for the masses, a popular sport of stimulative nature. The extraordinary increase in what followed that "Volkslauf" was amplified by the "Lauftreffs" (first organized in 1974) and the city marathons which have gained more and more ground since the early eighties. All of this resulted in what today we call the jogging movement: "Laufbewegung". Being more than just another kind of sport, to many people jogging has become part of their everyday culture. People are said to practise jogging because it is healthy, improves their basic well-being, breakes the monotony of their everyday lives, turning into a veritable inner sensation. All this is supposed to mingle with a variety of further motives, as it serves personal ambition and efficiency, offers new social experiences, adds up to a "process of self-education"; finally it is supposed to serve the certainty of gaining a piece of identity. Then a career in running Would inevitably mean an integral and essential part of one's biography, an important element of the vital activity required each day of one's life and standing in an indissoluble context with other activities, satisfying needs which have gradually sprung up as by-products of jogging over the years. This must be reflected in the terms of social environment, nature, body-consciousness, competitions and sense of life - sense of running. The jogging movement is considered as a proof of the contradictory nature of advanced societies, as a melting-pot of deeply rooted factors of persistence standing in the wax of any social moulding of subjectivity. It exhibits tendencies leading to divergent assessments- depending on one's point or angle of view. A critical analysis of the jogging movement shows the obvious difficulty of outlining a main direction of social development and biographical evolution.
The Recreational Physical Activities of Spanish Women: A Sociological Study of Exercising for Fitness
Authors: Bunuel Ana 
Published: March 2007

The accelerated process of social change which has been taking place in Spain over the past 15 years has also been reflected in the recreational physical activities of Spanish women. In addition to spending progressively more free time on sports, Spaniards have undergone the same change as other Western societies regarding their outlook towards their bodies, health, free time and recreational physical activities. In this article we see how the influence of these changes, in conjunction with such vestiges of tradition as sexual inequality and still-existing stereotypes connected with the sports world, has restricted the practice of physical fitness exercises mainly to women. Although open to accusations of creating a feminine "ghetto", these physical activities have provided a new recreational model in keeping with the values of present-day society.
Reciprocity Between Individuals With Severe and Persistent Mental Illness and Their Family Members
Authors: Hamera Edna , Cobb Ann Kuckelman , Burris-Fish Jamey L. 
Published: March 2007

BACKGROUND: The focus of research on families of the severely and persistently mentally ill is on unidirectional caregivingfromfamily members to the ill individual (consumer). It seldom addresses whether the consumer also gives something to the family. Thus the concept of reciprocity was investigated in this context. OBJECTIVE: The objectives of this study were to identify differences in families who report ed reciprocity from consumers with those who did not and to describe the kinds of rec iprocity perceived by these families. DESIGN: The objectives were met with the use of responses from a mailed questionnaire to family members. RESULTS: Reciprocity was reported more by women than men, by respondents who lived with the consumer, and by families who reported giving more assistance to the con sumer and who perceived the consumer as higher functioning. Neither age of family member or consumer nor type of family relationship was related to reciprocity. The kinds of reciprocity families perceived were categorized into instrumental tasks, caring, family solidarity, self-caring, peace of mind, family sensitization, and financial. CONCLUSION: The findings support the importance of planning nursing interventions that recognize that the severely and persistently mentally ill may give to their families as well as receivefrom them. (J Am Psychiatric Nurses Assoc [1998]. 4, 182-189)
Motivating Engineering Students to Publish in Professional Magazines
Authors: Estrin H.A. 
Published: March 2007

I can honestly state that I was somewhat astonished when you handed me that letter from Editor Jay Gould indicating that he was considering publishing my article on technical writing. I don't think I really believed that it was going to happen until I received the copy proofs. I remember a day some two years ago when a college friend and his wife paid Lenay and me a visit. They had not known that I was a published author; and when they spied my framed front page on an end table in the corner of our living room, they offered belated congratulations. I had the feeling that they were somewhat impressed and readily responded to all their questions. When asked how I felt about the article, I told them that next to marrying my wife it is the thing that I am most proud of in my short lifetime. Of course, our comtemplated arrival of children may push my article to third place, but still a proud third place.
Teaching Field-specific Writing: Results of a WAC Survey
Authors: Epstein Molly Hill 
Published: March 2007

In a recent survey, faculty in the College of Business Administration at Georgia State University recorded their perceptions of the effectiveness of both undergradu ate and graduate student writing. In general, respondents found students were able to design and present their documents well and to analyze and build common ground with the reader. They were less able to select and organize material, pres ent a plan of action, and express their message clearly. In further comments and follow-up discussions, respondents expressed frustration with their lack of time in class to teach both their areas of expertise and effective writing skills. "Evaluating written assignments is time consuming, labor-intensive work, and our new faculty work load policy will not encourage the use of written assignments. " "Writing is a skill that can be taught and we should be doing it. Unfortunately the move to larger class sizes is a disincentive for faculty to assign more written work."
The Computerized Case Study Shell: a New Tool for Integrating Hospitality Management Education
Authors: Gamble Paul R. , Lockwood Andrew J. 
Published: March 2007

Conventional, paper-based cases can create administrative and pedagogical difficulties for both teachers and learners. They may also make open-ended problem solving more complex by obscuring the organization of data. The EXMAN project has invested three years and about $100,000 to devise a method of exploiting the learning potential of case studies more effectively. The result has been a computerized case study shell that presents material to students structured as a series of frames. These frames may include power tools such as spreadsheets or tutorial advice in the form of expert systems. Realism is enhanced by the use of time and cost constraints for accessing data and by facilitating the dynamic updating of material. Student learning strategies can also be monitored more easily to identify where more guidance is needed. This new tool seems to offer major advantages in terms of student motivation and learning.
Opportunities and Challenges of Creating Hotel Management and Tourism Education Programs in Developing Countries
Authors: Ford Deane 
Published: March 2007

The rapid expansion of Western hotel corporations into the international market and specifically into developing countries has created a demand for professionally educated and trained nationals with expertise in all areas of hotel and tourism management. Traditionally these academic programs have not been available in existing institutions. The growing reluctance of developing countries to grant work permits to foreign employees in the hotel industry, other than general managers and chef, has further complicated the problems caused by the lack of professionally educated local staff. While there is still some disagreement on how schools can best prepare their students for the hospitality industry of the future, the problems facing an educator developing a new academic program in a developing country are first and foremost problems of immediacy. When the development of such a program has begun, it is usuallybecause the need forentrylevel professionals has become acute. This paper identifies the challenges facing the educatorattempting to establish an independent hotel management and tourism academic and training program in a developing country with a rapidly expanding tourism economy. The program must serve a multitude of purposes and meet a variety of needs from different industry sectors. This factoralone makes the problem more complex. This paperjustifies the use of an industryneeds assessment approach to curriculum development and program design which might meet opposition from educators in a different setting. The experience outlined supports the view that concentrated skills training can exist in harmony with an academic program designed to fill long-term industry needs for graduates with supervisory and management skills. The paper identifies the majorhurdles to success of such a program. These are program accreditation through a complex bureaucracy; limited English level of students; cultural variation in learning and study patterns; insufficient funds for necessary equipment in kitchen and service; the comparative high cost of imported textbooks, learning materials and library resources. The biggest challenge is iden tified as the problem of finding qualified faculty for specialized courses in hotel management and tourism as well as business subjects and language. The difficulty in obtaining work permits for foreign faculty is noted as well as the problem of attracting qualified nationals away from industry when teaching salaries do not match those found in industry. Key Words: Curriculum Development, Industry Needs Assessment, International Hotel Management Edu cation, Cultural Variations in Learning Styles, Hotel Management Education in Developing Countries.