bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increasing dose regimen in children with reactions to ceftazidime
Authors: BATTERSBY N. C. , PATEL L. , DAVID T. J. 
Published: April 2006

Summary Background Of 87 consecutive patients with cystic librosis treated with 859 courses of intravenous ceftazidime, 15 patients experienced reactions to drugs. Objective To see if by varying the means of administration further courses of treatment with ceftazidime could be tolerated in subjects who had experienced drug reactions. Methods Starting with a dose of 1 mg per hour, and doubling the dose every hour, ceftazidime was administered at increasing dosage by continuous infusion, reaching a rale of 150–300 mg/kg/day. Thereafter the full daily dose was given in three divided bolus doses. For patients who tolerated the maximum infusion rate but reacted adversely to bolus doses, the procedure was restarted, and once the normal daily dose rate had been achieved, treatment was completed by continuous intravenous infusion rather than boius doses. Results Of the 15 patients, three patients with urticaria and four patients with non‐urticarial itchy rash tolerated further courses of ceftazidime without adverse reactions, and two patients have not had further treatment with intravenous antibiotics. The increasing dose regimen was tolerated in five of the remaining six patients, and further courses of treatment were tolerated in the four patients in whom this was required. One patient had recurrent urticaria despite three attempts at using the regimen, and treatment was given with alternative antibiotics. Conclusion A continuous drug infusion regimen of starting at a very low dosage and then increasing the dosage offers the potential for further treatment in some children with cystic fibrosis with adverse reactions to ceftazidime.
Sensitivity and maximal response to methacholine in perennial and seasonal allergic rhinitis
Authors: PRIETO J. L. , GUTIÉRREZ V. , BERTÓ J. M. , CAMPS B. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryBackground
Airway hyperresponsiveness to pharmacological agonists is a common feature in subjects with allergic rhinitis.Objective
The aim of this study was to investigate differences in threshold value and shape of the concentration‐response curves to methacholine between subjects with perennial allergic rhinitis and subjects with seasonal rhinitis.Methods
We studied a sample of 72 non‐asthmatic patients with allergic rhinitis. They were subdivided into two groups: subjects with only seasonal symptoms and skin sensitization to grass and/or Parietaria pollen allergens (seasonal group, n= 38), and subjects with perennial symptoms and skin sensitization to house dust mite, alone or with other allergens (perennial group, n = 34). They were challenged with methacholine (up to 200mg/mL), and concentration‐response curves were characterized by the threshold value (PC20= provocative concentration of methacholine required to produce a 20% fall in FEV1) and maximal response plateau, if possible. The measurements in the seasonal group were done within the pollen season.Results
The geometric mean methacholine PC20 for subjects of the perennial group was 6.9mg/mL, compared with 23.4mg/mL in subjects of the seasonal group (P 0.01). A plateau response was detected in 16 subjects of the perennial group and in 28 subjects of the seasonal group (p 0.05). Moreover, the level of plateau was higher in subjects of the perennial group when compared with subjects of the seasonal group (23.8 ±2.0% vs 19.2 ±1.6%, P 0.05).Conclusion
In subjects with allergic rhinitis, sensitization to perennial allergens is associated not only with lower methacholine threshold values, but also with lower prevalence and higher level of plateau than sensitization to pollen allergens.
Detection of allergen‐specific IgE in tears of grass pollen‐allergic patients with allergic rhinoconjunctivitis
Authors: HOFFMANN‐SOMMERGRUBER K. , FERREIRA F. D. , EBNER C. , BARISANI T. , KORNINGER L. , SCHEINER D. KRAFT. O. , BAUMGARTNER I. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryBackground
Allergic conjunctivitis is a common symptom amongst Type I (IgE‐mediated) allergic diseases; and mosl frequently seen as rhinoconjunctivitis. However, the site of production and the significance of allergen specific IgE needs further elucidation.Objective
We investigated whether the presence of IgE in tears of grass pollen allergic patients correlated with disease and clinical symptoms, whether the IgE binding pattern to the different grass pollen antigens was diflferent in sera and tears, and whether IgA antibodies to grass pollen allergens were present in tears. Finally, we looked whether specific IgE was produced locally or was exudated from serum. Methods Sera from 44 grass pollen allergic patients suffering from either allergic rhinitis (n=11) or allergic rhinoconjunctivitis (n= 33) and from healthy controls (n= l) were used for the experiments. Binding of specific IgE and IgA antibodies to the differyent groups of grass pollen allergens (Phleum pratense) was evaluated by means of immunobtotting.Results
Specific IgE was detected in sera as well as in tears of allergic patients, whereby tear‐derived allergen‐specific IgE exerted similar specificities to the corresponding IgE from serum. The correlation between symptoms of ocular allergy and the presence of allergen‐specific IgE in tears was highly significant (P 0.0001). In contrast, only a poor correlation was found between specific and/or total IgE in sera and the manifestation of ocular allergy (P = 0.73).Conclusion
Allergen‐specific IgE antibodies in tears seem to be produced locally rather than exsudated from serum. IgE in tears seems to be responsible for allergic conjunctivitis. IgA in tears cannot exert a protective function since the IgA antibodies recognize different antigens in a grass pollen (Phleum pratense) extract than IgE antibodies. The highly significant correlation between allergic conjunctivitis and the presence of specific tear IgE emphasizes the diagnostic value of immunoblots with tear IgE, especially in cases in which serum provides inconclusive results.
Increased levels of hyaluronan and albumin after intestinal challenge in adult patients with cow's milk intolerance
Authors: BENGTSSON U. , KNUTSON T.W. , KNUTSON L. , DANNÆUS A. , HALLGREN R. , AHLSTEDT S. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryBackgroundThe mechanisms for adverse reactions to foods in the gastrointestinal tract are poorly understood. Presently, only hmited possibilities are available for identification of adverse immunological reactions to different foods.ObjectiveThe intestinal inflammatory reactions in adult patients with a history of milk‐related gastrointestinal symptoms were studied after intestinal challenges by a jejunal perfusion technique and compared with the reactions in a control group.MethodsFive skin‐prick test and radioallergosorbent test negative and lactose tolerant patients with a history of milk‐related gastrointestinal symptoms, verified by double‐blind placebo‐controlled challenge, and eight healthy controls were investigated. Perfusions were performed allowing analyses of a well‐defined ‘closed’ jejunal segment. Milk perfusions were performed in patients and controls after an overnight fast. Ten millilitres of milk were administered to the segment at 3 mL/min, The jejunal fluid levels of hyaluronan (hyaluronic acid) and albumin were measured.ResultsIn the five patients the milk challenges induced as a mean fivefold increased levels of hyaluronan compared with prcstitnulation values, whereas no such increases were seen in the control subjects. Albumin, as a marker of plasma leakage, was also increased in the patients but not in the control subjects.ConclusionThe underlying mechanisms for locally increased levels of hyaluronan and also albutnin in the intestinal lumen may be secretion of lymph rich in hyaluronan and reflect the mucosal oedetna. This capacity of the intestinal mucosa to react with lymph leakage towards a locally infused allergen may be a possible way lo delineate gastrointestinal reactions in food‐related disorders.
Delayed hypersensitivity skin tests and subsequent renal transplant outcome
Authors: KUMAR P. , THOMPSON J. J. , FREY D. J. , VIRA M. A. , SHAHANE A. , SANDER M. S. , ELSTON R. C. , PEPYS J. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryBackground
Some studies in the literature have supported, while others have denied, the relationship between results of delayed hypersensitivity skin tests (DHST), renal allograft and patient survival rates. Several factors contribute to the unreliability of these studies. For example, most of these studies were performed in the precyclosporine era, furthermore, other variables which influence renal allografts and patient survival rates were not controlled in those studies.Objective
The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between results of DHST performed in the pretransplant period with the subsequent renal transplant outcome in the cyclosporine era.Methods
The study included 103 first cadaveric renal transplant recipients. DHST were performed during pretransplant evaluation by intradermal injections of a battery of recall antigens. Based on skin‐test results, the patients were assigned to two groups —those with a positive skin test (STP+) and those with a negative (anergic) skin test. These two groups were compared with each other regarding allograft survival, patient survival, and other variables known to influence survival rates.Results
The mean age, sex and racial distribution, degree of HLA matches between recipients and donors, number of acute rejection episodes, and number of patients with acute tubular necrosis were similar between the two groups. Renal allograft survival rates in the anergic group at 6 months, 1 year, 2 years, and 3 years were 97%, 90% 84%, and 57%, respectively. The survival rate for renal allografts in the STP+ group for the same time points was 90%, 86%, 80%, and 72%, respectively. Patient survival rates for the anergic group at 6 months, 1 year, 2 years, and 3 years were 95%, 94%, 89%, and 85%, respectively, while those for the STP+ group were 98%, 98%, 98%, and 97% respectively. Differences between the STP+ and anergic groups, with regard to patient and allograft survival rates, were not significant.Conclusion
We conclude that DHST is not helpful in predicting outcome of patient or renal allograft survival rates over a 3‐year time period.
Selective allergic reaction to oral cloxacillin
Authors: TORRES M. J. , BEANCA M. , FERNANDEZ J. , ESTEBAN A. , MORENO F. , VEGA J. M. , GARCIA J. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryBackground
Previous observations indicate that in some instances subjects allergic to penicillins may experience an allergic reaction alter taking the drug by one route but have good tolerance after being administered the same drug by a different route.Objective
The purpose was to establish if cloxacillin (CLX) induced a selective response only after oral route administration in a suspected case and to study if there were differences between the oral and parenteral formulations.Methods
Skin tests were carried out using benzylpenicillin (BP) conjugated to poly‐l ‐lysine (BPO‐PLL), minor determinant mixture of benzylpenicillin (MDM), ampicillin (AMP), amoxicillin (AX) and cloxacillin (CLX). Radioallergosorbent assay (RAST) was carried out using BPO‐PLL, AX‐PLL and CLX‐PLL sensitized discs. In the case the skin tests and RAST were negative, a controlled challenge administering the drug by both oral and parenteral route was made. Urine samples were taken at prechallenge (basal levels) and at three periods after challenge (1–3, 3–6 and 6–9 h). Analysis of oral and parenteral formulations was made by HPLC chromatography.Results
All skin tests and RASTs were negative. With the challenge tests the patient tolerated parenteral BP and oral phenoxymethyl penicillin (PV) and oral and parenteral AMP up to therapeutic concentrations. Parenteral CLX (500mg) was also tolerated but 30 min after administering 50 mg by the oral route progressive generalized erythema with pruritus, facial angioedema and tachycardia developed. Urine samples taken during the challenge tests showed an increased excretion of N‐methyl histamine (N‐MH) 3h after challenge with oral CLX but no change in N‐MH levels after challenge with parenteral CLX or the other penicillins, indicating that histamine was released during the allergic episode with oral CLX. HPLC analysis of the oral and parenteral CLX formulations indicated that there were no differences and that neither polymers nor other contaminant materials were present.Conclusion
Although the nature of the allergenic determinant involved in the induction of the reaction is not yet known, the oral route may have favoured the production of a metabolite not generated by the parenterai route.
Asthma and anaphylaxis induced by royal jelly
Authors: THIEN F. C. K. , LEUNG R. , BALDO B. A. , WEINBR J. A. , PLOMLEY R. , CZARNY D. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryBackground
Asthma, together with, In some cases, anaphylaxis, was observed in seven subjects following ingestion of royal jelly, a secretion of honey bees which is used as a health tonic.Objective
To determine if reactions were lgE‐mediated and to identify ailergenic components of royal jelly.Methods
Skin‐prick tests, immunoassays for specific IgE antibodies and protein blotting studies using patients’ sera and anti‐IgE second antibodies were employed. Results Immunoassays detected IgE antibodies to royal jelly proteins in sera of subjects who reacted to the substance. A total of 18 different IgE‐binding components were detected on blots following electrophoretic separation of royal jelly under dissociating conditions. Examination of 63 sera from subjects allergic to bee venom showed that there is no direct relationship between IgE antibody reactivity to bee venom allergens and to royal jelly proteins although 38% of the sera reacted with a royal icily solid phase. IgE antibody reactivity to royal jelly proteins was also detected in 52% of 75 subjects with allergies to inhalant and/or food allergens. Antibody binding of blotted royal jelly proteins was most marked in the molecular weight region 25–55 kDa and one component of MW∼55 kDa was detected by all of the reactive sera from roya jelly‐allergic and control allergic subjects.Conclusions
Symptoms of asthma and anaphylaxis seen in subjects following ingestion of royal jelly were true IgE‐mediated hypersensitivity reactions. The clinical significance of the antibodies found in the sera of control subjects is not known but they may arise in response to common inhalant allergens that show allergenic cross‐reactivity with royal jelly.
Distinct patterns of cow's milk allergy in infancy defined by prolonged, two‐stage double‐blind, placebo‐controlled food challenges
Authors: BAEHLER P. , CHAD Z. , GURBINDO C. , BONIN A. P. , BOUTHILLIER L. , SEIDMAN E. G. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryBackground
The clinical manifestations of cow's milk allergy (CMA) are highly variable, and challenges usually identify only immediate. IgE mediated reactions.Objective
To clearly identify CMA of immediate and delayed types using a two‐stage. double‐blind, placebo‐controlled food challenge (DBPCFC), and to prospectively compare the clinical history and analyses of specific IgE antibodies to milk in predicting outcome of DBPCFC.Methods
A total of 69 patients (33 girls, 36 boys) were recruited for sludy based on a history highly suggestive of CMA and resolution of symptoms on a bovine protein‐free diet. After skin‐prick tests (SPTs) and search for allergen‐specific serum IgE antibodies by enzyme allergosorbent test (EAST), a two‐stage DBPCFC was performed over several days.Results
Of 16 patients (mean age 36.9 months) classified as probable immediate reactors based on the history, 10 (62.5%) had a positive DBPCFC with similar patterns to historical adverse reactions (≥ 2 h after milk exposure). The other 53 (77%) patients (17.3 months) had a history of probable delayed type CMA presenting with predominantly gastrointestimal symptoms from 2h and up to 6 days after milk exposure. Of these. 15 (28.8%) had a positive DBPCFC. again with a symptom pattern similar to the history. Sensitivity/specificity of SPT was similar to that of EAST for both immediate (70/83% and 62/83% respectively. NS) or delayed (0/97% and 0/97%) CMA confirmed by DBPCFC.Conclusions
Using our two‐stage, prolonged DBPCFC, we clearly identified two groups of children with CMA, reflecting different pathogenesis of either immediatetype IgE‐dependent, or delayed‐type IgE‐independent allergy. Although useful in immediate reactors. IgE antibody determination cannot predict the outcome of DBPCFC in delayed reactors. A thorough clinical history was the mo.st helpful tool to predict the type of response in challenge positive patients.
IgE and monoclonal antibody binding by the mite allergen Der p 7
Authors: SHEN H.‐D. , CHUA K. Y. , LIN W. L. , CHEN H. L. , HSIEH K.‐H. , THOMAS W. R. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryBackground
The recently characterized group 7 house dust mite allergens give positive skin‐test reactions in 53% of allergie patients.Objective
This study was performed to compare the IgE bindinig activity of natural and recombinant Der p 7, to measure the binding in allergic sera in comparison to major allergen Der p 2 and characterize the response by competitive inhibition with monoclonal antibodies.Methods
IgE anti Der p 2 and Der p 7 antibodies against the recombinant allergens and monoclonal binding activities were measured by a solid phase radioimmune assay. Reslts A competitive binding assay showed that rDer p 7 inhibited 91% of IgE‐binding to natural Der p 7 in 2 sera and 73% in a further two. The IgE binding of rDer p 2 and Der p 7 from 41 sera was then compared. Of the sera 88% and 46% respectively showed positive binding. All of the 19 sera which bound Der p 7 also bound Der p 2 but 11 (58%) had bound IgE to Der p 7 as high or higher than the binding to Der p 2. These sera were mostly high responders to both allergens. A panel of six monoclonal antibodies produced against either rDer p 7 or rDer f 7 was used for epitope analysis. All of these reaeted with eaeh allergen by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunoblotting. Two patterns of cross inhibition of monoclonal antibody binding were observed and of five monoclonal antibodies tested, lour could inhibit the binding of IgE (WH9, WH22. WPS and HD19) while one (WH14) could not.Conclusions
Although Der p 7 only reacts with 50% of allergic sera it often has a high IgE binding activity and may be more important than the major Der p 2 allergen in a high percentage of subjects. The combined competitive inhibition experiments show the IgE response is directed at several specilieities.
Allergy to olive pollen: T‐cell response from olive allergic patients is restricted by DR7‐DQ2 antigens
Authors: CÁRDABA B. , DE PABLO R. , VILCHES C. , MARTÍN E. , GELLER‐BERNSTEIN C. , DE ANDRES B. , ZAHARAN Y. , POZO V. DEL , GALLARDO S. , DE ARRUDA CHAVES E. , WAISEL Y. , PALOMINO P. , KREISLER M. , LAHOZ C. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryBackgound
We have recently described the association between the IgE antibody response to Ole e I (the major antigen from olive tree pollen) and the DR7‐DQ2 haplotype in a Spanish population.Objeectivc and methods
Due to the linkage disequilibrium between DR7 and DQ2, and thus the dillicult distinction between the role of these two antigens in the T‐cell activation response, we decided to solve this question by two approaches:1. The study of another ethnic group, individuals of Arabic origin, with a presumably distinct disequilibrium linkage between DR and DQ antigens. Genomic DNA typing was performed in 46 subjects (allergic and non‐allergic) by Restriction Fragment Length Polytnotphism (RFLP) and results showed that patients with specific IgE antibodies α‐Ole e I, were DR7 and or DQ2. These data show a similar restriction pattern to those previously described for Spanish patients. The phenolypic frequency of DR7 antigen is significantly greater than in the non‐allergic population, with a corrected P(PJ value of O.O.32 The analysis of the genetic requirements of Ole e I response, using T‐cell lines speific for this antigen. This was first carried out by blocking the proliferative response of these T‐cell lines with specific anti‐human HLA class II antibodies and then testing the genetic restriction of this response using a panel of histoeompatible and histoincompatible Antigen Presenting Cells (APCs). Both experiments corroborate the hypothesis that DR7 and DQ2 are implicated in the recognition o(Ole e I.
American cockroach Cr‐PI allergen induces lymphocyte proliferation and cytokine production in atopic patients
Authors: JENG K. C. G. , LIU M. T. , WU C. H. , WONG D. W. , LAN J. L. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryBackground
Previous studies have shown cockroach‐induced antigen‐specific IgF‐mediated asthma. In cockroach‐Infested areas, more then 50% of asthmatic subjects may have positive skin reactions to this allergen. Partial purified Cr‐PI allergen from American cockroaches contains allergens with molecular weights of 72 and 78k Da; however, little is known about its eifect on the lymphoeyte proliferation and cytokine production.Objective
IgE synthesis is known to be regulated by interleukin‐4 (IL‐4) and interferon gamma (IFN‐γ). Therefore, we studied Cr‐PI allergen‐induced cytokine production in atopic patients and healthy normal controls to understand each factors’ role in the disease.Methods
Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from cockroach skin‐sensitive patients and controls were stimulated with mitogen and Cr‐PI for proliferative response and cytokine production. Cr‐PI antigen‐specific T‐cell cultures of atopic patients and healthy normal controls were used to test C r‐PI‐lnduced proliferation and cytokine mKNA expression.Results
PMBC ot atopic subjects showed a significantly (P < 0.01) higher stimulation index for Cr‐PI induced proliferation (SI = l l.8.3.7) when compared with that of non‐atopic subjects (SI =4.1 ± 0.8) and cord bloods (SI = 2.1 ± 0.4). Cr‐Pl‐induced IL‐4 was observed only in the PBMC of atopic patients, whereas Cr‐PI‐induced IFNγ was detected in both atopic patients and normal controls. Likewise, Cr‐PI‐induced IL‐4 mRNA expression in T‐cell cultures was detected in all atopies but only one of nine controls.Conclusion
IL‐4 mKNA expression and IL‐4 production in PBMC and T‐cell cultures of atopic patients showed good correlation with clinical symptoms, skin‐reactivity, specific IgE and proliferative response to Cr‐PL These results suggests that cockroach allergen may be a hidden cause of asthma and other atopie diseases.