bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE CHANGING CHARACTER OF AGRICULTURAL SYNDICATES IN AVEYRON, 1944–1960
Authors: CLEARY M.C. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractDuring the 1950's the character of agricultural syndicalism in France was transformed by the arrival of a new generation of militant farmers from the geographically and economically peripheral regions of France. This paper examines the chronology, causes and consequences of this process in one department of France, Aveyron, and argues that an understanding of the social history of agricultural organisations in France is essential to a fuller appreciation of their current role and preoccupations.RésuméDurant les années cinquante, le syndicalisme agricole franfais s'est transformé du fait de ľ irruption ? une nouvelle génération de militants agriculteurs à partir des régions périphériques (spatialement et éconoraiquement) de la France. Cet article détaille la chronologie, les causes et les conséquences de ce processus dans le cas du département de ľ Aveyron. II tend à démontrer qu'on ne peut comprendre pleinement le role et les préoccupations des organisations agricoles sans avoir fait cette histoire sociale des organisations.KurzfassungWährend der 50er Jahre hat sich das Wesen der landwirtschaftlichen Interessenverbände in Frankreich durch das Auftreten einer neuen Generation militanter Bauern aus den räumlich und ökonomisch peripheren Regionen Frankreichs verändert. Dieser Beitrag untersucht die Chronologie, Ursachen und Folgen dieses Prozesses in dem Departement Aveyron und schlußfolgert, daß das Verständnis der Sozialgeschichte des landwirtschaftlichen Organisationswesens in Frankreich entscheidend ist für das Erkennen seiner gegenwärtigen Rolle und Hauptbetätigungsfelder.
FARMERS‘ WIVES IN PROTEST; A THEATRE OF CONTRADICTIONS
Authors: BERLAN MARTINE 
Published: March 2008

AbstractPublic protest actions by farm women, while remaining isolated, have become a conspicuous feature since late 1960s. If they are examined in the context of the dispute or campaign of which they formed part, the orchestrated nature of the actions studied ‐ which is confirmed by the description of the conditions under which they took place ‐ is revealed and makes it possible to analyse the contradictions among the practices and the presentation of the identity and issues involved. The paper attempts to explain the place of this type of action in the strategy adopted by farm women in entering the political sphere and to examine their role in challenging the social categories of gender. From the research that has been done, it seems that these actions express more a strategy of resistance and defence of the family farm than an autonomous feminine social movement in agriculture.RésuméLes actions de protestation publiques ?agricultrices, tout en restant ponctuelles, acquièrent depuis la fin des années 60 une ‘visibilité exceptionnelle’. Replacées dans le contexte du conflit ou de la stratégic revendicative où elles se situent, le caractère concerté des actions étudiées ‐ que confirme la description des conditions de leur production: initiative, organisation‐ ressort et permet ?analyser les contradictions dans les pratiques et les représentations au sujet de ľidentité et de ľenjeu manifestés. Ce travail contribue àéclairer la place de ce type ?actions dans la stratégic ?entrée dans le champ politique des agricultrices et à s'interroger sur leur rôle dans la remise en question des catégories sociales de sexe. Dans ľétat actuel de cette recherche, il semble que ces actions appuient davantage une stratégic de résistance et de défense de Sexploitation familiale que ľexpression ?un mouvemcnt social des femmes en agriculture.KurzfassungDie öffentlichen Protestaktionen von Bäuerinnen haben, obwohl sie punktuell geblieben sind, seit Ende der 60er Jahre deutlich an Sichtbarkeit gewonnen. Aus dem Kontext des Konflikts oder der Forderungsstrategie heraus, in dem sie sich befinden, wird der konzertierte Charakter der Aktionen deutlich. Dies wird auch durch die Beschreibung der Bedingungen, wie sie durchgeführt werden (Initiative und Organisation), bestätigt. Und so wird es auch möglich, die Widersprüche in ihrem praktischen Handeln und in ihren Darstellungen bezüglich ihrer Identität und der Belange, für die sie sich einsetzen, zu analysieren. Die Arbeit trägt dazu bei, die Stellung von Aktionen dieser An im Rahmen der Strategic der Bäuerinnen beim Eintritt in das Feld der Politik zu erhellen und ihren Beitrag zur Infragestellung der sozialen Bedeutung der Geschlechtszugehörigkeit zu untersuchen. Beim gegenwärtigen Stand der Untersuchung scheint es so, daβ die Aktionen mehr einer Strategic des Widerstandes und der Verteidigung des Familienbetriebes zuzurechnen sind, als daβ sie Ausdruck einer Frauenbewegung in der Landwirtschaft sind.
AN INDOEUROPEAN‐FINNOUGRIAN LOANWORD PROBLEM1
Authors: Ross Alan S. C. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARY AND CONTENTSThe subject discussed in the present paper is, primarily, the assignment to their Indoeuropean etymons of the congruent sets of Finno‐Ugrian numerals typified respectively by Hungarian hét‘7’, Mansi sat‘7’, Finnish seitsemän‘7’, Finnish ‐deksan‘10’, Komi and Udmurt das‘10’ and Finnish sata‘100’. Secondarily, from these assignments I draw some detailed conclusions as to the influence of the Indoeuropean decimal numeration‐system on the Finno‐Ugrian sextal numeration‐system.
THE ‐n CLASS OF VERBS IN BASQUE1
Authors: Trask Robert L. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTBasque possesses a class of verbs with the characteristic class markers ‐n. These verbs exhibit a number of morphological peculiarities which distinguish them from verbs of other classes, notable an uncertainty as to whether the ‐n is part of the stem or not, the presence of an unexpected i in certain derived forms, and the use of post‐consonantla suffixes after vowels. It is proposed that this class of verbs developed from the larger, and well‐behaved, ‐i class of verbs as a consequence of regular phonological change followed by reanalysis.
THE ROMANCE ELEMENT IN MALTESE: A REVIEW OF THE PROBLEMS
Authors: Cremona J. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTThe peripheral dialects of Arabic tend to differ from the core dialects by having an important component derived from anther languages or language group. In the case of Maltese this non‐Arabic component has been alost entirely of Romance origin until comparative recently, when English began to play a part. The Romance component is frequently more closely defined by stating that it is Italian, or Sicilian, or Siculo‐Italian. It is the purpose of this paper to examine this component and try and understand the role that it has played in the formation of moderbn Maltese.
ETYMA GRAECA VIII (36–39)
Authors: SZEMERÉNYI OSWALD 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTThis modest quaternion of Greek etymological problems is offered in friendship to the well‐known Indo‐Europeanist of Cracow University on the occasion of his seventieth birthday.The paper deals with (1) the remaining problems of the IE numeral for 1,000; (2) and (3) the two terms of the IE expression of taking an oath where Greek horkos is shown to be from IE *s(w) or‐ko‐s, formed from the IE (!) verb *s(w)er‐‘swear’ and Greek omnunai is derived from IE *om(H)‐‘strong, strength’ and traced to the earlier meaning ‘affirm, assert, swear’; (4) Latin ambulāre, earlier anabolā‐which is regarded as a borrowing from Greek anabolā‐.
LINGUISTIC RECONSTRUCTION IN THE CONTEXT OF EUROPEAN PREHISTORY
Authors: VENNEMANN THEO 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTThis paper proposes a reconstruction of the language of Europe north of the Alps before the advent of Indo‐European. It contains the following sections: 1. Purpose. 2. Krahe's ‘Old European hydronymy’. 3. On the Old European toponymy. 4. A critique of Krahe's morphology of the Old European hydronymy. 5. The agglutinating structure of the language of the Old European toponymy. 6. The non‐Indo‐European character of the language of the Old European toponymy. 7. Grammatical sketch of the language of the Old European toponymy. 8. Structural and substantive similarities between the language of the Old European toponymy and Basque. 9. The origin of the language of the Old European toponymy.
EXPONENTS OF FUTURITY IN GOTHIC1
Authors: Coleman Robert 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe Greek future is generally rendered by the Gothic present indicative or, much less often, subjunctive; which shows that Gothic had not yet developed a distinctive future tense. A starting point for such a development is in the rare but varied analytic exponents of futurity, examined here in detail. The role of aspect in the distribution of these exponents, as of presents with or without ga‐ to signal futurity, has been greatly exaggerated. The analytic exponents themselves postdate Wulfila's original version, and the revisers who introduced them‐mostly in a small number of passages‐were drawing on the spoken language, where there was bilingual interaction with Vulgar Latin, which shows a similar range of exponents. Though probably modelled on Latin habere+inf., Gothic haban+inf. was the exponent best equipped to provide a new future tense.
OLD ENGLISH OPEN SYLLABLE LENGTHENING*
Authors: Hogg Richard M. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractIn the West Saxon dialect of Old English the historical sound change known as Restoration of a is regularly subject to morphological levelling in order to eliminate allomorphic variation. However, in the strong adjective declension there are non‐historical variations between a and æ which cannot be so accounted for and for which no plausible explanation has been give. It is argued that these are the result of a purely phonetic lengthening of /æ/ in open syllables, the precursor of the phonological change known as Middle English Open Syllable Lengthening. Some of the consequences of such an account for other aspects of Old English phonology are briefly considered.
Effectiveness and Appropriateness of Therapeutic Play Intervention in Preparing Children for Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial Study
Authors: Li Ho Cheung William , Lopez Violeta 
Published: March 2008

PURPOSE.  This paper aims to examine the effectiveness and appropriateness of using therapeutic play in preparing children for surgery. DESIGN/METHOD.  A randomized controlled trial was employed. Children (7–12 years of age; n = 203) admitted for surgery during a 13‐month period were recruited.RESULTS.  The results support the effectiveness and appropriateness of using therapeutic play in preparing children for surgery. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS.  The study results promote awareness in nurses and parents that play is a very important part of children's lives, and heighten the importance of integrating therapeutic play as an essential component of holistic and quality nursing care to prepare children for surgery.
A Meta‐Analysis of Risk Factors That Predict Psychopathology Following Accidental Trauma
Authors: Cox Catherine M. , Kenardy Justin A. , Hendrikz Joan K. 
Published: March 2008

PURPOSE.  This meta‐analysis aimed to explore the risk factors that place a child at risk of psychopathology following accidental trauma. DESIGN AND METHODS.  The predictive power of 8 factors was examined via transforming and combining the effect sizes to yield a weighted average effect size for each factor.RESULTS.  The results indicated that the majority of effect sizes, although significant, were inconsistent across the studies, yielding little conclusive evidence. However, pretrauma psychopathology and threat to life were strong and consistent predictors.PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS.  Information gathered from such meta‐analyses could be used in the identification of at‐risk children and the development of screening tools. However, further widespread and comprehensive reviews of the potential risk factors and their relationships to psychopathology need to be investigated.
Determination of red cells, nucleic acid‐containing cells and platelets (RNP Determination) by a crossover analysis of emission DNA/RNA light
Authors: NAGAI Y. , KONDO H. , YAMAMOTO S. , TATSUMI N. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryWe developed a new flow cytometry analysis method using a crossover analysis of emission light from intracellular DNA/RNA. Both the RNA and the DNA content in each cell were new parameters obtained by fluorescence analysis using acridine orange supravital stain. With this method, two‐dimensional diagrams produced by cellular RNA concentration (CRc) and cellular DNA concentration (CDc) enabled clear separation of red cells and platelets, and the diagram (RNP Diagram) also distinguished fluorescently stained blood cells and small particles derived from background dust of the reagent. This study assessed the capability of RNP Determination concerning reticulocyte count and accurate platelet count obtained by the ratio of red cells and platelets. The distance of each event between red cell distribution and platelet distribution was sufficiently large on the diagram, and the two regions did not overlap. Both reticulocyte count and platelet count showed excellent correlation with those obtained by their respective reference methods. In conclusion, this new assay, using RNP Determination, demonstrated great potential for detecting abnormalities of red cells and platelets.
Dental treatment for deaf patients
Authors: CLARK CHARLES A. , CANGELOSI‐WILLIAMS PATRICIA , LEE MARGARET A. , MORGAN LORI 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe deaf population requires special treatment in the dental office. Virtually all published articles in the literature about dental treatment for these persons are reviewed. This population is one of several populations having limited access to care as identified by the ADA. A course developed to address the special needs of persons who are hearing impaired is described. Definitions of persons who are hearing impaired, education of deaf persons, psychosocial aspects of deafness, aids to communication, the deaf community, sign language, and interpreting and interpreters are topics discussed here that will improve dentists' service to deaf persons.The dental professional has the privilege of providing care to all Americans and the hearing‐impaired population has been identified as one having special treatment needs. After exposure to this information, dental students and dentists should become more aware of, and seek more information pertaining to the special needs of deaf persons. It is further hoped that they will make the modifications necessary to accommodate deaf persons as patients.
Oral findings and a proposal for a dental health care program for patients with Duchenne type muscular dystrophy
Authors: MORINUSHI TAKANOBU , MASTUMOTO SHlNlCHl 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYA total of 43 patients with muscular dystrophy of the Duchenne type were separated into the three groups by calendar and dental age. Oral examinations, questionnaires, and observations of dental behavior were recorded to propose a dental health management program for the particular problems associated with these patients. Three general conclusions were drawn from this study.
A self‐supporting hospital dental service
Authors: PATZ STEPHEN M. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThis article focuses on the business aspects of dentistry in a hospital. However, there is another aspect of hospital dentistry—the relationship of dentistry to medicine in a hospital and the tertiary dental services that can be developed with a strong dental program.A strong dental service has benefits for a hospital in addition to its service to an indigent dental community and the teaching of general practice dental residents. A strong dental service will attract oral surgeons and potentially an oral surgery residency program. Oral surgeons can fill beds, use the operating room, and interact with other medical disciplines. Having oral surgery residents will attract the more difficult oral surgery patients (oral carcinoma or maxillofacial surgery), and these residents will be available for 24‐hour coverage, thereby encouraging major cases to be admitted to the hospital. Oral surgeons will also refer dental emergencies to the emergency room, which will also be a potential source of admissions.The relationship of medicine and dentistry can also be found in the following programs: cleft palate teams, head and neck surgery, temporomandibular joint (TMJ) problems, maxillofacial surgery, and mandibular fractures. These programs will encourage physicians to admit patients with these health care needs to the hospital as the full range of services are available. There are many reasons for a hospital to evaluate all possible alternatives for survival of hospital ambulatory dentistry or to evaluate the start of a program.
The Aeollanthus buchnerianus group (Labiatae)
Authors: Ryding Olof 
Published: March 2008

The Aeollanthus buchnerianus group, i.e., the species of Aeollanthus with an explosive pollination mechanism, is revised. A canescens Gürke. A. njassae Gürke and A. nyikensis Bak. are reduced to synonyms of A. buchnerianus Briq. A. cuneifolius Bak., A. nodosus Hiern and A. welwitschii Briq. are reduced to synonyms of A. candelabrum Briq. A. cucullatus Ryding, A. neglectus (Dinter) Launert, A. rivularis Hiern, A. sedoides Hiern and A. tuberosus Hiern are maintained. Typification, notes on distribution and habitat, maps and keys are provided for all taxa, descriptions for most species.
Epidermal and seed surface characters of plants: systematic applicability and some evolutionary aspects
Authors: Barthlott Wilhelm 
Published: March 2008

Based on SEM examinations of about 5000 species of seed plants, this is a survey of their epidermal surface characters with an aim to application in taxonomy. Surface characters may be grouped into four categories: (1) Cellular arrangement or cellular pattern. (2) Shape of cells (the “primary sculpture” of a surface). (3) Relief of outer cell walls (the “secondary sculpture” superimposed on the primary sculpture), caused mainly by cuticular striations and superficially visible wall inclusions and wall thickenings. (4) Epicuticular secretions (the “tertiary sculpture” superimposed on the secondary sculpture), i.e. mainly waxes and related substances.The systematic applicability is discussed for each of these structural groups. Epidermal characters are only slightly influenced by environmental conditions. Their high structural diversity provides most valuable criteria for the classification between species and family level. There is also some evidence for their systematic applicability above the family level.The possible evolutionary–ecological significance of surface sculpturing is discussed briefly. There is evidence that these features may be seen primarily under the aspects of reduced ability of plants to contaminate and as temperature control mechanisms of the surfaces.
Serological contributions to the systematics of Ulex (Genisteae – Fabaceae) and allied genera
Authors: Feoli–Chiapella Laura , Cristofolini Giovanni 
Published: March 2008

Seven Ulex species were compared serologically with 21 species of related genera. Seed proteins were employed to immunize rabbits; immune sera to 17 species were produced. The presence or absence of differential characters (spurs) was detected in immunodiffusion experiments and recorded in a square matrix for each antiserum. The interspecific correlation was then computed, and an ordination on principal components was obtained.The results suggested that: (1) Ulex L. should include sect. Pseudogenista (= genus Nepa Webb) and sect. Slauracanthus (= genus Stauracanthus Link); (2) sect. Stauracanihus is closer to sect. Ulex than to sect. Pseudogenista; (3) Ulex is markedly dissimilar from any other genus, its highest similarity being to Genista sect. Phyllobotrys and to Chamaespartium; (4) Ulex behaves like other derived genera and can be regarded as an extremely derived form within the Genista evolutionary line; (5) Echinospartum seems a primitive genus, it is not closely related to Ulex but rather to Cytisanthus and allied genera. There is a good agreement between these results and morphological, phytogeographical and caryological evidence. A general outline of evolutionary relationships within the Genisteae is presented.
The genus Calceolaria in NW South America VIII. The section Calceolaria and appendices to parts I–VIII
Authors: Molau Ulf 
Published: March 2008

Sect. Calceolaria (=Aposecos) of Calceolaria (Scrophulariaceae) in NW South America is revised, and the other species of the section are briefly discussed. The section comprises annual herbs with somewhat succulent stems and leaf–blades that are usually pinnately dissected (pinnatifid). Four species are recognized in the investigated area, viz. C. mexicana, C. tenuis, C. tripartita, and C. chelidonioides, and their chromosome numbers are reported (2n = 32, 60, 64, and 60 respectively). The basic number in sect. Calceolaria is x = 8. Two new combinations are made, viz. C. mexicana ssp. prostrata (Kränzlin) Molau and C. mexicana ssp. perijensis (Pennell) Molau. The species of sect. Calceolaria are intersterile and facultatively autogamous, and each species comprises numerous pure lines, some of which may be morphologically discernible.In the appendices, chromosome numbers are listed and the occurrence of elaiophores in all NW South American species of Calceolaria is indicated. The chromosome numbers of C. crenata ssp. australis, C. adenanthera, C. gossypina, C. semiconnata, C. stricta, C. sericea, and C. comosa (all 2n = 36) have not previously been reported. A revised key to the sections of Calceolaria in NW South America is also provided.
The epiphytic lichen zones in rural Denmark and Schleswig–Holstein
Authors: Søchting Ulrik , Ramkær Knud 
Published: March 2008

The epiphytic lichen flora of 332 trees standing at roadsides or in churchyards in non–urban areas of Denmark and Schleswig–Holstein, Federal Republic of Germany, was investigated. The condition of the lichen vegetation in each of 107 subareas was evaluated by means of a nine–point scale largely based upon presence, fertility and vitality of Anaptychia ciliaris and Physconia pulverulacea.A marked depauperation of the lichen communities of the alliance Xanthorion parietinae is demonstrated in Schleswig–Holstein and is attributed to long–range SO2 air pollution. No significant pattern of adverse effects on the corresponding communities can be seen in Danish rural areas, but the reduction in frequency and size of Ramalina species in recent times is believed to be the result of background air pollution.A list of 111 recorded taxa is given and selected species are commented on. Candelariella reflexa (Nyl.) Lettau is reported as new to Denmark. The effects of agricultural spraying and the decrease in the numbers of phorophytes in recent decades are discussed.
Branching pattern and inflorescence bud displacement in Flickingeria (Orchidaceae)
Authors: Rasmussen Hanne 
Published: March 2008

The vegetative architecture of Flickingeria is modular, consisting of three kinds of shoots of determinate growth. Species differ with respect to extent of branching and length of shoots, but branching is normally restricted to a few particular buds, the potential of which depends on their position.All inflorescences are axillary, although some appear to be terminal. Inflorescences subtended by foliage leaves are displaced into a cavity in the stem, emerging on the abaxial side of the leaf base. The peripheral layers of the stem covering the inflorescence bud may be conspicuously extended and dry up so as to resemble a bract. The arrangement of the inflorescences is a distinctive specific character within the genus. A hypothesis for the evolution of character states is established. The growth and flowering strategy is discussed.