bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fine‐scale response to landscape structure in Primula vulgaris Huds.: does hedgerow network connectedness ensure connectivity through gene flow?
Authors: Campagne Pascal , Affre Laurence , Baumel Alex , Roche Philip , Tatoni Thierry 
Published: December 2008

AbstractVariation in pollen flow, mating performances, and seed dispersal were examined using direct and indirect approaches in contrasted hedgerow networks (i.e., dense vs. sparse) of the distylous Primula vulgaris. Seed dispersal reached negligible distances, and no difference was observed between the two hedgerow networks. On the contrary, pollen flow through Bombylius sp. activity was impeded in the dense hedgerow network. Furthermore, P. vulgaris was found to be partially self‐compatible in our study site. The lower pollen flow in the dense hedgerow network, and especially in small populations, is likely to have unusually favoured self‐compatibility and hence selfing in P. vulgaris short‐style morph. In addition, the inbreeding depression values recorded were higher in the dense hedgerow network. Our results suggested that a dense hedgerow network does not necessarily ensure connectivity in Primula vulgaris in terms of gene flow. This study provides evidence for considering landscape structure in the microevolutionary processes.
The Effect of Iron Oxide Magnetic Nanoparticles on Smooth Muscle Cells
Authors: Zhang Song , Chen Xiangjian , Gu Chunrong , Zhang Yu , Xu Jindan , Bian Zhiping , Yang Di , Gu Ning 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
Recently, magnetic nanoparticles of iron oxide (Fe3O4, γ-Fe2O3) have shown an increasing number of applications in the field of biomedicine, but some questions have been raised about the potential impact of these nanoparticles on the environment and human health. In this work, the three types of magnetic nanoparticles (DMSA-Fe2O3, APTS-Fe2O3, and GLU-Fe2O3) with the same crystal structure, magnetic properties, and size distribution was designed, prepared, and characterized by transmission electronic microscopy, powder X-ray diffraction, zeta potential analyzer, vibrating sample magnetometer, and Fourier transform Infrared spectroscopy. Then, we have investigated the effect of the three types of magnetic nanoparticles (DMSA-Fe2O3, APTS-Fe2O3, and GLU-Fe2O3) on smooth muscle cells (SMCs). Cellular uptake of nanoparticles by SMC displays the dose, the incubation time and surface property dependent patterns. Through the thin section TEM images, we observe that DMSA-Fe2O3is incorporated into the lysosome of SMCs. The magnetic nanoparticles have no inflammation impact, but decrease the viability of SMCs. The other questions about metabolism and other impacts will be the next subject of further studies.
Inhibitory Effect of Conjugated α‐Linolenic Acid from Bifidobacteria of Intestinal Origin on SW480 Cancer Cells
Authors: Coakley Mairéad , Banni Sebastiano , Johnson Mark C. , Mills Susan , Devery Rosaleen , Fitzgerald Gerald , Paul Ross R. , Stanton Catherine 
Published: December 2008

AbstractIn this study, we assessed the ability of six strains of bifidobacteria (previously shown by us to possess the ability to convert linoleic acid to c9, t11‐conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) to grow in the presence of α‐linolenic acid and to generate conjugated isomers of the fatty acid substrate during fermentation for 42 h. The six strains of bifidobacteria were grown in modified MRS (mMRS) containing α‐linolenic acid for 42 h at 37 °C, after which the fatty acid composition of the growth medium was assessed by gas liquid chromatography (GLC). Indeed, following fermentation of one of the strains, namely Bifidobacterium breve NCIMB 702258, in the presence of 0.41 mg/ml α‐linolenic acid, 79.1% was converted to the conjugated isomer, C18:3 c9, t11, c15 conjugated α‐linolenic acid (CALA). To examine the inhibitory effect of the fermented oils produced, SW480 colon cancer cells were cultured in the presence of the extracted fermented oil (10–50 μg/ml) for 5 days. The data indicate an inhibitory effect on cell growth (p ≤ 0.001) of CALA, with cell numbers reduced by 85% at a concentration of 180 μM, compared with a reduction of only 50% with α‐linolenic acid (p ≤ 0.01).
Identification of Acylglycerols Containing Dihydroxy Fatty Acids in Castor Oil by Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Lin Jiann‐Tsyh , Arcinas Arthur , Harden Leslie A. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractRicinoleate, a monohydroxy fatty acid, in castor oil has many industrial uses. Dihydroxy fatty acids can also be used in industry. The C18 HPLC fractions of castor oil were analyzed by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry of lithium adducts to identify the acylglycerols containing dihydroxy fatty acids and the dihydroxy fatty acids. Four diacylglycerols identified were diOH18:1‐diOH18:1, diOH18:2‐OH18:1, diOH18:1‐OH18:1 and diOH18:0‐OH18:1. Eight triacylglycerols identified were diOH18:1‐diOH18:1‐diOH18:1, diOH18:1‐diOH18:1‐diOH18:0, diOH18:2‐diOH18:1‐OH18:1, diOH18:1‐diOH18:1‐OH18:1, diOH18:1‐diOH18:0‐OH18:1, diOH18:2‐OH18:1‐OH18:1, diOH18:1‐OH18:1‐OH18:1 and diOH18:0‐OH18:1‐OH18:1. The locations of fatty acids on the glycerol backbone were not determined. The structures of these three newly identified dihydroxy fatty acids were proposed as 11,12‐dihydroxy‐9‐octadecenoic acid, 11,12‐dihydroxy‐9,13‐octadecadienoic acid and 11,12‐dihydroxyoctadecanoic acid. These individual acylglycerols were at the levels of about 0.5% or less in castor oil and can be isolated from castor oil or overproduced in a transgenic oil seed plant for future industrial uses.
Molekulare Karyotypisierung in der klinischen Diagnostik
Authors: Rauch A. 
Published: December 2008

Zusammenfassung
Molekulare Karyotypisierung bezeichnet die genomweite Analyse bezüglich genetischer Kopienzahlveränderungen mit Hilfe von Arrays, welche das Genom mehr oder weniger dicht mit molekularen Markern abdecken. Die Hauptanwendung in der klinischen Diagnostik liegt derzeit bei der Analyse von Patienten mit geistiger Behinderung und multiplen Anomalien unbekannter Ursache. Bei ihnen lassen sich nach Ausschluss von konventionell-zytogenetisch sichtbaren Aberrationen, kryptischen subtelomerischen Aberrationen und klinisch gut erkennbaren, häufigen Mikrodeletionssyndromen in rund 10% der Fälle mittels molekularer Karyotypisierung chromosomale Mikroaberrationen nachweisen. Hierdurch konnten in den letzten Jahren zahlreiche neue Mikrodeletions- und -duplikationssyndrome charakterisiert werden, jedoch wurde auch ersichtlich, dass die Interpretation von Einzelbefunden aufgrund der großen Anzahl an genomischen Kopienzahlpolymorphismen nicht trivial ist.
Tubulohelical membrane arrays: Novel association of helical structures with intracellular membranes
Authors: Reipert Siegfried , Kotisch Harald , Wysoudil Bhuma , Neumüller Josef 
Published: December 2008

AbstractA novel organelle‐like membrane specialization has been found in an epithelial cell line. Characteristically, the helical membrane arrays (referred to hereafter as TUHMAs) are organized around tubular, proteinaceous electron‐dense cores of 80 nm in diameter. Depending on the cell status, up to 8 of these cores provide the basis for an intermingled membrane scaffold of an overall length of 3–5 μm. TUHMAs exist as single organelles in transient association with the nucleus, the rough endoplasmic reticulum, patches of annulate lamellae, and the Golgi complex. While most of the constituents are still unknown, evidence for an involvement of nucleoporins in TUHMA organization is presented, as shown by fluorescence immunochemistry. This should make TUHMAs more easily accessible for future studies on their structure and function.
Amniotic fluid index versus single deepest vertical pocket: A meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Nabhan Ashraf F. , Abdelmoula Yasser A. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the use of the amniotic fluid index with the single deepest vertical pocket measurement, during antepartum fetal surveillance, in preventing adverse pregnancy outcome.Search strategyWe searched the Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group's Trials Register (January 2008), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (The Cochrane Library 2008, Issue 2), MEDLINE (1966 to May 2008), and the metaRegister of Controlled Trials (May 2008). We handsearched the citation lists of relevant publications, review articles, and included studies.Selection criteriaRandomized controlled trials involving women with a singleton pregnancy, whether at low or high risk, undergoing ultrasound measurement of amniotic fluid volume as part of antepartum assessment of fetal well‐being that compared the amniotic fluid index and the single deepest vertical pocket measurement.Data collection and analysisBoth authors independently assessed eligibility and quality, and extracted the data.ResultsFour trials (3125 women) met the inclusion criteria. When the amniotic fluid index was used, significantly more cases of oligohydramnios were diagnosed (risk ratio (RR) 2.33, 95% CI 1.67–3.24), and more women had inductions of labor (RR 2.10, 95% CI 1.60–2.76) and cesarean delivery for fetal distress (RR 1.45, 95% CI 1.07–1.97). There is no evidence that one method is superior to the other in the prevention of poor peripartum outcomes, including: admission to a neonatal intensive care unit; an umbilical artery pH of less than 7.1; the presence of meconium; an Apgar score of less than 7 at 5 minutes; or cesarean delivery.ConclusionSingle deepest vertical pocket measurement is the method of choice for the assessment of amniotic fluid volume.
Elliptic symbols, elliptic operators and Poincaré duality on conical pseudomanifolds
Authors: Lescure Jean-Marie 
Published: December 2008

AbstractIn [7], a notion of noncommutative tangent space is associated with a conical pseudomanifold and Poincaré duality inK-theory is proved between this space and the pseudomanifold. The present paper continues this line of work. We show that an appropriate presentation of the notion of symbol on a manifold generalizes right away to conical pseudomanifolds and that it enables us to interpret Poincaré duality in the singular setting as a noncommutative symbol map.
Management of cancerisation of the lobules with pre-invasive or invasive breast carcinoma: a case series
Authors: Ampil Federico , Abreo Fleurette , Li Benjamin , Baluna Roxana , Burton Gary , Chu Quyen 
Published: December 2008

AbstractCancerisation of the lobules (CL), the intra-luminal extension of carcinoma from ducts and ductules into the breast lobules, is not often encountered in clinical practice. A retrospective study of eight individuals diagnosed with CL and ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) or cancer of the breast between 1999 and 2006 was undertaken to determine the management of the disease and patient outcomes. In most cases, breast conservation surgery with postoperative radiotherapy or mastectomy and systemic therapy were the chosen methods of treatment. None of the patients experienced tumour relapse or progression during a mean follow-up period of 40.6 (range 8–90) months. The management philosophy for this particular neoplastic condition should be based on the understanding that CL, when detected with DCIS or invasive breast cancer, may represent more extensive disease. Moreover, the finding of such histopathology underlines the need for meticulous attention to the resection margins and additional treatment as indicated.
The Two-Spotted Cricket Gryllus bimaculatus: An Emerging Model for Developmental and Regeneration Studies
Authors: Mito Taro , Noji Sumihare 
Published: December 2008

INTRODUCTIONThe two-spotted cricket Gryllus bimaculatus De Geer (Orthoptera: Gryllidae), which is one of the most abundant cricket species, inhabits the tropical and subtropical regions of Asia, Africa, and Europe. G. bimaculatus can be easily bred in the laboratory and has been widely used to study insect physiology and neurobiology. Recently, this species has become established as a model animal for studies on molecular mechanisms of development and regeneration because its mode of development is more typical of arthropods than that of Drosophila melanogaster, and the cricket is probably ancestral for this phylum. Moreover, the cricket is a hemimetabolous insect, in which nymphs possess functional legs with a remarkable capacity for regeneration after damage. Because RNA interference (RNAi) works effectively in this species, the elucidation of mechanisms of development and regeneration has been expedited through loss-of-function analyses of genes. Furthermore, because RNAi-based techniques for analyzing gene functions can be combined with assay systems in other research areas (such as behavioral analyses), G. bimaculatus is expected to become a model organism in various fields of biology. Thus, it may be possible to establish the cricket as a simple model system for exploring more complex organisms such as humans.
Gene Silencing by Injection and Electroporation of dsRNA in Avian Embryos
Authors: Mauti Olivier , Baeriswyl Thomas , Stoeckli Esther T. 
Published: December 2008

INTRODUCTIONIn ovo RNA interference (RNAi) is a method for silencing a gene of interest using a combination of in ovo injection and electroporation in avian embryos. Here we describe gene silencing in the developing spinal cord, but the procedure can easily be adapted to other parts of the nervous system. Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) derived from the gene of interest is injected into the developing spinal cord of the chicken embryo, and is followed by electroporation to allow for the uptake of the dsRNA. With this method, temporal as well as spatial control of gene silencing is possible. The time point of injection should be chosen according to the expression profile of the gene or the half-life of the protein. Proteins with slow turnover may require RNAi at earlier stages, ideally before the onset of gene expression. The electroporation parameters can be adjusted such that only a specific population of neurons is targeted in the spinal cord.
Analysis of Cell Movement in Amphimedon Embryos by Injection of Fluorescent Tracers
Authors: Adamska Maja , Degnan Bernard M. 
Published: December 2008

INTRODUCTIONAlthough attempts to culture prepigmentation-stage embryos (i.e., blastulas and early gastrulas) outside of brood chambers have so far been unsuccessful in Amphimedon, it is possible to manipulate embryos within the brood chamber and follow their development under laboratory conditions. This protocol describes microinjection of lipophilic tracers such as 1,1′-dioctadecyl-3,3,3′,3′-tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate (DiI) into embryos embedded in their native brood chamber. DiI does not appear to perturb embryonic development and is relatively resistant to photobleaching. As long as care is taken not to damage the fragile embryos during observation and photography, the same embryo can be photographed multiple times, permitting its development to be tracked (up to 4 wk) from early cleavage stages to hatching of free-swimming parenchymella larvae. The embryos or larvae also can be fixed without loss of fluorescence. This method also can be used to deliver other types of solutions to embryos or individual cells of early embryos.
Genotyping Individual Amphimedon Embryos, Larvae, and Adults
Authors: Degnan Sandie M. , Craigie Alina , Degnan Bernard M. 
Published: December 2008

INTRODUCTIONThe distribution of Amphimedon queenslandica is patchy on coral reefs in the Great Barrier Reef, with small, localized populations detected in shallow, still water reef-flat environments. A. queenslandica is a spermcast spawner, in which fertilization occurs internally. Sperm presumably originate from neighboring reproductive individuals within the population. The ability to genotype individual embryos within a single brood chamber has the potential to shed light on the fertilization biology and generation/maintenance of genetic diversity in this sessile invertebrate. Here, we describe a protocol for rapidly genotyping individuals using polymorphic microsatellite loci. The loci are amplified by PCR using a pair of primers specifically designed for the region of interest with a fluorescent dye attached to the 5′-end to enable easy detection of the amplified product. An advantage of this procedure is that fluorescently labeled PCR products can be combined (i.e., multiplexed) to reduce time and cost when using the genotyping machine. The dye label and size of the product must be taken into consideration when multiplexing. For example, three differently labeled PCR products can be multiplexed, or PCR products with the same label can be multiplexed as long as the allelic size ranges do not overlap. The amount of each cleaned, labeled PCR product added to the multiplex must be optimized depending on the dye and the PCR efficiency.
Growth and Maintenance of Dictyostelium Cells
Authors: Gaudet Pascale , Fey Petra , Chisholm Rex 
Published: December 2008

INTRODUCTIONDictyostelium discoideum is a unicellular eukaryote often referred to as a “social ameba” because it can form a multicellular structure when nutrient conditions are limiting. General principles for cell-to-cell communication, intracellular signaling, and cytoskeletal organization during cell motility have been derived from cellular and molecular studies of Dictyostelium and have been found to be conserved across all eukaryotes. Dictyostelium also provides an excellent model system for the study of phagocytosis, the molecular basis of various human diseases, and the mechanisms of drug action. The availability of a complete genome database and stocks of wild-type and mutant strains make D. discoideum an accessible and powerful model organism. Most Dictyostelium strains used in the laboratory can be grown either with bacteria or in axenic medium. When grown in the presence of bacteria, cells double approximately every 4 h, whereas axenically grown cells double more slowly, every 8–12 h. The cells can be grown in a standard microbiology incubator or on the laboratory bench, provided the room temperature is consistently ∼22°C. This protocol describes a variety of methods for growing and maintaining Dictyostelium.
Multicellular Development of Dictyostelium
Authors: Gaudet Pascale , Fey Petra , Chisholm Rex 
Published: December 2008

INTRODUCTIONDictyostelium discoideum is a unicellular eukaryote often referred to as a “social ameba” because it can form a multicellular structure when nutrients are depleted from the immediate environment of the cells. In the laboratory, this is accomplished simply by replacing the growth medium with a buffer solution. For best results, it is important to harvest the cells while they are still in exponential growth (1–4 × 106 cells/mL). At high cell density, many of the cells in a culture will have initiated development, thus yielding asynchronous development. Dictyostelium cells can be developed on solid media, either on filter paper or on KK2 plates. If only the early stages of development are important (e.g., to study chemotaxis), cells can be developed in suspension. Under these conditions, cells will only progress through the first 6–8 h of development. Addition of cAMP pulses to the starved suspension culture will allow development to progress up to the 12-h stage, corresponding to the beginning of culmination.
Making Permanent Stocks of Dictyostelium
Authors: Gaudet Pascale , Fey Petra , Chisholm Rex 
Published: December 2008

INTRODUCTIONDictyostelium discoideum is a unicellular eukaryote often referred to as a social ameba because it can form a multicellular structure when nutrients are depleted from the immediate environment of the cells. Dictyostelium can be grown axenically or in the presence of bacteria, either on agar plates or in suspension. Because Dictyostelium growth rates are relatively slow compared to those of bacteria or yeast, laboratories commonly maintain stocks of growing cultures in order to start experiments rapidly. However, it is important to remember that the genome of Dictyostelium, like that of any living organism, is subject to genetic modification. It is well documented that cell lines that are kept in culture for an extended period of time exhibit undesirable changes that yield unreliable experimental results (Hughes et al. 2007). Dictyostelium strains from different laboratories are known to contain various large genome duplications, presumably due to clone selection. Thus, good handling of the cells is essential. To obtain consistent results, new cultures must be started every 2–4 wk, and cultures should never be allowed to grow beyond 4 × 106 cells/mL. If overgrowth occurs, a new culture should be started. This protocol describes two methods for preparing long-term stocks of Dictyostelium, either as frozen cells or as spores.
Transformation of Dictyostelium with Plasmid DNA by Calcium Phosphate Precipitation
Authors: Gaudet Pascale , Fey Petra , Chisholm Rex 
Published: December 2008

INTRODUCTIONDictyostelium discoideum is a unicellular eukaryote often referred to as a social ameba because it can form a multicellular structure when nutrient conditions are limiting. General principles for cell-to-cell communication, intracellular signaling, and cytoskeletal organization during cell motility have been derived from cellular and molecular studies of Dictyostelium and have been found to be conserved across all eukaryotes. The availability of a complete genome database and stocks of wild-type and mutant strains make D. discoideum an accessible and powerful model organism. Dictyostelium is amenable to genetic manipulations that require the introduction of DNA into cells, such as gene knockout, overexpression, antisense RNA expression, RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated gene knockdown, and restriction-enzyme-mediated mutagenesis. Calcium phosphate precipitation is a commonly used method for DNA-mediated transformation in Dictyostelium. Calcium phosphate precipitation produces high-copy-number transformants and is often used for overexpression experiments in conjunction with the G418 resistance gene, which needs to be present at high levels to produce efficient selection.
Transformation of Dictyostelium with Plasmid DNA by Electroporation
Authors: Gaudet Pascale , Fey Petra , Chisholm Rex 
Published: December 2008

INTRODUCTIONDictyostelium discoideum is a unicellular eukaryote often referred to as a social ameba because it can form a multicellular structure when nutrient conditions are limiting. General principles for cell-to-cell communication, intracellular signaling, and cytoskeletal organization during cell motility have been derived from cellular and molecular studies of Dictyostelium and have been found to be conserved across all eukaryotes. The availability of a complete genome database and stocks of wild-type and mutant strains make D. discoideum an accessible and powerful model organism. Dictyostelium is amenable to genetic manipulations that require the introduction of DNA into cells, such as gene knockout, overexpression, antisense RNA expression, RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated gene knockdown, and restriction-enzyme-mediated mutagenesis. This protocol describes the use of electroporation for DNA-mediated transformation in Dictyostelium.