bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Testing for Tolerance to Aphids in Indian Mustard, Brassica juncea (L.) Czern and Coss.
Authors: Abraham V. , Bhatia C. R. 
Published: April 2006

Abstract Brassica juncea plants were screened for aphid tolerance using three methods. Seven and 14 days old seedlings grown in wooden trays in a glasshouse were kept between infector trays with heavy aphid infestation. There were no surviving plants in the susceptible genotypes 50 days after sowing but survival rates ranging between 80 and 90 % were observed for selection 44. The progenies of the surviving plants were tested under natural infestation in the field. Plants were scored for leaves without aphids 40 days after sowing, healthy plants at harvest and seed yield in g/m2 For most of these lines, the aphids’ survival, life span and fecundity (nymphs produced per adult) were recorded after introducing five newly‐born nymphs on excised fifth leaves cultured in petri dishes. Selections showing greater tolerance to aphids than the check cultivars were identified in the progenies of a cross RLM‐514 × T‐6342. It was concluded that the excised leaf method can provide a reliable measure of the lines’ reaction to aphids.
Mapping of Malt Endopeptidase, NADH Diaphorase and Esterase Loci on Barley Chromosome 3L
Authors: Guerin J. R. , Lance R. C. M. , Brown A. H. D. , Abbott D. C. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractIsoelectric focusing (IEF) and immunoblotting were used to detect genetic variants of malt endopeptidase (MEP1), an enzyme related to malting quality in barley and coded by the CepB locus on barley chromosome 3 (= 3H). A variant was found in a Turkish accession of wild barley (Hordeum vulgare ssp. spontaneum). The self progeny of a hybrid between this accession and the barley cultivar ‘Clipper’ were analyzed for recombination between the CepB locus and other isozyme loci. The estimates of recombination linked the CepB locus to an NADH diaphorase locus (Ndh2), which in turn was linked to the seedling esterase complex (Est1, Est2, and Est4) situated near the distal end of the long arm of chromosome 3. The Ndh2 locus was independent of two other NADH dehydrogenase loci (Ndh3, Ndh5) which were mapped on barley chromosome 5 (= 1H) in relation to the three hordein loci (Hor1, Hor2, and Hor3).
Selection for Early Flowering Results in Simultaneous Selection for Reduced Nuclear DNA Content in Maize
Authors: Rayburn A. Lane. , Dudley J. W. , Biradar D. P. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractSeveral studies have indicated a possible link between genome size and earliness in maize. In this study, an original maize population, South African photo‐period insensitive maize composite II (C0) and several selected generations were analyzed for days to flowering, plant height, ear height, and yield. The selection criterion was earliness. Over six cycles of selection a 14‐day decrease in days to flowering was obtained with no significant reduction in grain yield. In the initial population (C0) and the most advanced selection (C6) 101 plants were analyzed for nuclear DNA content. A significant decrease in the mean nuclear DNA content of the C0 population (102 AU) was observed with respect to the C0 population (105 AU). This reduction was the result of a decrease in frequency of plants in the C6 population with large genome sizes. Therefore it was concluded that selection for earliness resulted in selection against plants with large genome sizes. Hence, the nucleotype of a maize plant can be modified by selection such as early flowering time.
Identification of an RAPD Marker Linked to theVfGene for Scab Resistance in Apples
Authors: Yang Hongyu , Krüger Jutta 
Published: April 2006

AbstractResistance toV. inaequalis, derived from the small‐fruited speciesMalus floribunda821, is determined by a major dominant gene, assigned asVf.The material used in this paper is based on the introgression of theVfgene fromM. floribundainto commercial apple varieties. Comparing RAPD patterns of a genomic DNA sample ofM. floribundawith a pooled DNA sample of resistant individuals and that of 10 susceptible commercial apple varieties, fragments were identified which are derived fromM. floribunda.One of them, the fragment OPD20/600, proved to be linked to theVfgene with a recombination value of about 0.20—0.25. It is the first DNA marker so far for scab resistance.
Isoenzyme Electrophoresis, a Simple Way to Identify 1B/1R Substitutions and Translocations in Wheat
Authors: Hartmann H. , Schiele S. , Lelley T. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractIn order to identify 1B/1R translocations and substitutions by simple means in breeding materials, the efficiency of using starch gel electrophoresis of isoenzymes was evaluated. GPI (glucose phosphate isomerase) and MDH (malate dehydrogenase) were tested in 17 lines of wheat which had previously been identified for their 1B/1R status by C‐banding. By electrophoresis of these two enzymes the rye substitution of only one wheat chromosome arm could be identified with high accuracy.
Interspecific Crossability and Inheritance in Pelargonium
Authors: Horn W. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractDifferent Pelargonium hybrids are of great importance to horticulture. Breeding; for F1 hybrid and clonal eultivars is particularly prevalent in Europe, Japan and North America. The results of a great deal of breeding research are scattered throughout different journals and published in several different languages. The aim of this review is to summarize the results of research on interspecific crosses and the inheritance of flower and leaf colour, plant habit, resistance and floret type.
Preliminary Diallel Analysis of Anther Culture Response in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Ekiz H. , Konzak C. F. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractA four‐parent complete dialleld mating‐set of three Triticum aestivum L. cultivars ‘Edwall’, ‘Chris’ and ‘Spillman’, and an alloplasmic line of ‘Selkirk’ in Aegilops variabilis Eig. cytoplasm was used. Genetic components among total variation for callus induction, green plant percentage and green plant yield werr 92%, 80% and 77%, respectively, but lower (36%) for plant regeneration. General combining ability (GCA) variance components and narrow‐sense heritabilities estimated for callus induction, green plant pereentnge and green plant yield were 74%, 66%, and 53%, and 0.68, 0.54 and 0.43. respectively. Specific combining ability (SCA) variancw was calculated as 85%) of total genctie variation for plant regeneration. Significant reciprocal effects for callus induction. green plant percentage and green plant yield were observed.
Response of Wheat Grain to ABA and Imbibition at Low Temperature
Authors: Noda K. , Kawabata C. , Kawakami N. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractDuring after‐ripening of wheat grains, embryo responsiveness to abscisic acid (ABA) decreases in parallel with the loss of grain dormancy. Dormant grains of Triticum aestivum L. line ‘Kitakei‐1354’ that had lost almost half their dormancy due to chilling still respond to ABA like fully dormant grains. Imbibition a: low temperature appears to break the dormancy without change of embryo responsiveness to ABA. Gibberellin (GA) and ABA‐regulated α‐amylase synthesis of the embryos. This is amplified when the grains are imbibed at low temperature. Imbibition at low temperature appears to condition cells and tissues of the embryo for germination and α‐amylase synthesis.
The Use of Ovule Culture in Reciprocal Hybridization between B. campestris L. and B. oleracea L.
Authors: Diederichsen E. , Sacristan M. D. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractOvule culture was used to overcome postzygotic interspecific incompatibility in reciprocal crosses between Brassica campestris and B. oleracea. Hybrid plants were obtained from 82 % of all reciprocal pollinations, representing 91 % of the attempted combinations. Comparisons of the embryo culture and the ovule culture indicated a significantly higher germination rate after ovule culture.
Gibberellic Acid + 2,4‐D Improves Seed Quality in Hordeum vulgare L. ×H. bulbosum L. Crosses
Authors: Pickering R. A. , Wallace A. R. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractDoubled haploid production from crosses between barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and H. bulbosum L. is a well established technique for inducing homozygosity. One problem which occurs using certain barley cultivars is premature seed degeneration. In this paper, a post‐pollination spray of gibberellic acid and 2,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetic acid that delays the onset of senescence is described. The technique improved the number of high quality seeds to more than 75% of the seed set. This improvement should result in increased survival of embryos for culture and subsequent plant regeneration.
Adaptation Patterns and Definition of Macro‐environments for Selection and Recommendation of Common‐wheat Genotypes in Italy
Authors: Annicchiarico P. , Perenzin M. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractEighteen common‐wheat varieties grown for three seasons at 31 locations in Italy were used to study the relationships between cultivar adaptation patterns, climatic factors and morphophysiological traits of genotypes, as well as defining macro‐environments for the selection and recommendation of genotypes in the region. The variances of both the genotype‐location and genotype–season interactions were significant, the former being almost 80% greater than the latter. Some 10.4% of genotype‐location interaction was accounted for by heterogeneity of genotype regressions on site mean, 38.0% by the first two axes of a principal components analysis and 32.0% by definition of four macro‐environments. Occurrence of genotype‐location interaction was related to the level of late frosts, winter cold, and late drought and heat stress at each location, and to heading date and tolerance of frost, Septoria blotch and lodging in each genotype. Following estimates of broad‐sense heritability, breeding for specific adaptation may be envisaged for northern and central Italy on the one hand, and southern Italy on the other. Morphophysiological traits contributing to better performance in each of these macro‐environments were indicated.
Identification and Genetic Studies of the Inhibition of Dominant Male Sterility in Brassica napus
Authors: Zhou Y. M. , Bai H. H. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractBy transferring dominant male sterility (DMS), caused by the gene Ms, to genotypes with various types of cytoplasm 12 DMS lines were developed and a number of crosses made between the DMS lines and other genotypes of Brassica napus. During the course of this population improvement programme, 16 genotypes were identified as having the capacity to restore the fertility of F1 plants with the Ms gene. According to pedigree analysis, the inhibitory gene in those lines probably originated from a few genotypes from Australia and Germany. In further studies the inheritance of the sterility inhibition was determined, providing definite evidence that dominant male sterility and its inhibition in B. napus are controlled by two dominant interacting genes rather than by multiple alleles.
Effect of Cytoplasmic Source on the Combining Ability of Agronomic Traits in Pearl Millet
Authors: Yadav O. P. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractAmong the available sources of cytoplasmic male sterility only the A1 source has so far been exploited for breeding commercial hybrids of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.). The influence of this source was studied by comparing the combining ability of five pairs of lines that differ in their cytoplasmic source. The effect on the expression of the traits, though modified by environment, was significant. The manifestation of cytoplasmic effects on general combining ability (GCA) was different for various traits. In general, the A1 cytoplasm showed a positive influence on GCA estimates for plant height, grain yield, and a negative influence on days to flowering. The variable magnitude of cytoplasmic effects on the GCA of lines indicated that such effects were the result of interaction between cytoplasm and nuclear genes.
Recombination within the Gli‐B1 Locus in Durum Wheat
Authors: Margiotta B. , Colaprico G. , Urbano M. , Lafiandra D. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractRecombination within the closely linked genes encoding for omega and gamma gliadins at the complex Gli‐B1 locus present on the short arm of chromosome 1B was detected in a durum‐wheat line (Triticum durum) from Iran. This recombinant differs from a previous one the authors detected in the durum‐wheat cultivar ‘Berillo’ since it shows the gamma gliadin component 45 associated with a triplet of omega components usually found linked with the allelic gamma gliadin 42. Analysis of low‐molecular‐weight glutenin subunits, encoded by genes at the complex Glu‐B3 locus associated with the Gli‐B1 locus, showed the presence of the protein type designated LMW‐1 which is peculiar to durum‐wheat cultivars possessing the gamma gliadin 42.
Monogenic Semidominant Sulfonylurea Resistance in a Line of White Chicory
Authors: Lavigne C. , Millecamps J.L. , Manac'h H. , Cordonnier P. , Matejicek A. , Vasseur J. , Gasquez J. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThis paper reports on a chlorsulfuron‐resistant line of white chicory (Cichorium intybus cv. ‘Witloof’) regenerated from non‐mutagenized cell cultures. The resistance was inherited as a monogenic semi‐dominant trait. Homozygous resistant individuals withstood doses of herbicide 1500 to 2000‐fold higher than the susceptible ones, whereas this ratio was around 300 for the heterozygotes. Cross‐resistances to seven other sulfonylureas and to one imidazolinone were revealed, leading to the conclusion that this resistance could be due to mutation of the target enzyme.
Effect of Selection for Chip Colour on Some Economic Traits of Potatoes
Authors: Pereira A. da S. , Tai G. C. C. , Yada R. Y. , Tarn T. R. , Souza‐Machado V. , Coffin R. H. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe objective of this study was to investigate the effects of selection for chip colour after harvest (CH), after storage at 12. 8°C (OR), and after storage at 3°C (GO) on maturity, yield, tuber size and specific gravity. Three hybrid populations of random clones were used in this study. The parents plus seven other cultivars were also evaluated, as checks. Experiments were carried out at Benton Ridge and at Fredericton, NB, in 1991. The experimental design was an augmented block. Clones of populations were non‐replicated and distributed randomly in the experiment. Check cultivars were replicated four times in a randomized complete block design. Negative responses were predicted for maturity, marketable and total yield, and tuber size (agronomic traits) and positive response for specific gravity in varying amounts for the three populations by selection for the three chip quality traits (CH, CR and CC). Therefore, selection for CH, CR and CC and the agronomic traits could not be made without some adverse effects on each other, whereas chip quality traits and specific gravity could be improved simultaneously.
Soyabean‐seed Yield Response in Row‐ and Hill‐plots under a Recurrent Selection Programme
Authors: Bello L.L. , Kenworthy W. J. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe objective of this study was to evaluate F4 lines in both row‐ and hill‐plots for agronomic traits in order to test the effectiveness of selecting high‐yielding S1 soyabean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) lines selected in hill‐plots after two cycles of recurrent selection.There was a cumulative seed yield loss of 197 kg/ha from cycle C0 to C2 when the selections were evaluated in row‐plots but a cumulative gain in seed yield of 533 kg/ha from C0 to C1 was observed when the selections were evaluated in hill‐plots. Ranking of seed yield between row‐ and hill‐plots showed a non significant association, but correlation coefficients between the two methods of testing were positive and highly significant for height, lodging and maturity. Thus, evaluation of height, lodging and maturity can be carried out effectively with either method of planting. There were increases in plant height, in lodging scores and in days to maturity with each cycle of selection. These changes were evident in both row and hill‐plots. The lack of seed yield response to selection as measured in row‐plots and a non‐significant association between the two plot arrangements indicated that seed yield evaluation by S1 testing in hill‐plots was not a reliable procedure in the identification of productive genotypes.
Relationship between Tolerance to Phytophthora Rot and Soybean Yield
Authors: Martin S. K. St. , Scott D. R. , Schmitthenner A. F. , McBlain B. A. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractPhytophthora rot is a major soybean disease in the Eastern US corn belt. The objective of this experiment was to determine the genetic relationship between tolerance to phytophthora rot and agronomic traits measured in environments where the disease was not a factor. A set of 66 random lines from a broad‐based population was evaluated for agronomic traits in seven field environments and for tolerance in greenhouse tests. Pairs of resistant and susceptible isolines were used to determine whether phytophthora rot was present in the field environments.The phenotypic correlation between tolerance and yield in five environments where phytophthora was negligible was non‐significant (r =−0.09). There was a positive correlation between tolerance and seed weight (r = 0.31) and a negative correlation between tolerance and plant height (r=–0.25). None of these correlations is large enough to hinder development of agronomically acceptable, tolerant cultivars.
Inheritance of Seed Dormancy in Lisianthus (Eustoma grandiflorum)
Authors: Ecker R. , Barzilay A. , Osherenko E. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe genetics of chill‐related seed dormancy, exhibited by a lisianthus (Eustoma grandiflorum) genotype native to North America, was investigated. Less than 1 % of the seeds germinated by direct hydration at 20°C, while full germination (98%) was attained by chilling imbibed seeds, for at least 11 days, at 3°C, before transferring them to 20°C. The inheritance of seed dormancy was analyzed in F1, BC1, and F2, populations, derived from mating between a normal non‐chill‐requiring genotype (P1) and the above chill‐requiring genotype (P2). F1 seeds, of both reciprocals, and BC1 (P1) seeds were all non‐dormant. The proportion of seed dormancy in F2 and BC, (P2) was 0.06 and 0.68, respectively. The inheritance model proposed includes six diallelic loci with cumulative effects, in which the presence of at least nine ‘dormancy‐conferring’ alleles is necessary for inducing phenotypic seed dormancy. Possible implications of inherent seed dormancy on the utilization of native lisianthus germplasm for breeding are discussed.
Oryzalin as an Efficient Agent for Chromosome Doubling of Haploid Apple Shoots in vitro
Authors: Bouvier L. , Fillon F. R. , Lespinasse Y. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractIn an outbreeding species such as apple, haploid plants may be especially useful in breeding programmes for the production of homozygous material. However, methods must be available to induce chromosome doubling in the haploid plants. Two antimitotic agents, colchicine and oryzalin, were compared as regards their efficiency in inducing chromosome doubling of in vitro haploid apple shoots. Three colchicine levels (0.025, 0.25 and 1.25 mM) and three oryzalin levels (5, 15 and 30 μM) were evaluated. Three techniques were also used and compared. Survival rate and chromosome counts were determined. Differences were observed between the two antimitotic agents and between the three techniques. This study demonstrates that oryzalin could be a better choice than colchicine for chromosome doubling on haploid apple shoots in vitro.
Responses to salt stress controlled by the homoeologous group 5 chromosomes of hexaploid wheat
Authors: Koebner R. M. D. , Martin P. K. , Orford S. M. , Miller T. E. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe responses to salt stress in NFT (nutrient film) hydroponics of ‘Chinese Spring’ wheat and a number of its aneuploids involving the chromosomes of homoeologous group 5 were studied. This showed that the absence of chromosome 5D allowed plants to survive better than in the euploid condition. Much of this response could be related to the effects of Vrn3, which conditions the spring habit of ‘Chinese Spring’. The ability to survive relatively high levels of stress was promoted by the group 5 homoeologue from Thinopyrum bessarabicum.
Somaclonal variation in three Argentinean varieties of Triticum aestivum with different karyotypic instability*
Authors: Franzone P. M. , Suárez E. Y. , Solari R. M. , Favret E. A. , Rios R. D. , Díaz Paleo A. H. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThree cultivars of wheat showing different levels of spontaneous karyotypic instability were studied regarding their stability in vitro for a number of characters, i.e. chromosome structure, gliadin pattern, glume and grain colour, awn type, chlorophyll pigmentation and plant morphology. The progenies of somaclones derived from immature embryos of both aneuploid and euploid plants were used in this study along with foundation seeds and a large number of their sexual progeny in order to discriminate between pre‐existent variability and any novel variation induced by the in vitro culture. Only one translocation not described before and a new gliadin pattern were detected which could be ascribed to the effects of tissue culture, suggesting that this technique is not effective for inducing novel variation for breeding purposes in wheat.
Regional distribution of resistances to powdery mildew in winter and spring barley cultivars grown in the northern part of France
Authors: Caffier V. , Vallavieille‐Pope C. de 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe spatio‐temporal distribution of race‐specific resistances to powdery mildew was analysed in northern France (the east, the north and the west of Paris). Resistances were identified in 26 winter and six spring barley cultivars. Seedling leaf segments were inoculated with 20 powdery mildew isolates, chosen to identify 14 resistance alleles. As opposed to other European countries, the resistance alleles differed between winter and spring cultivars grown in the three regions. Most of the winter cultivars had no resistance allele, or only the widespread resistance alleles Mlra and/or Mlh, plus Mlg in the west. Mla9 and Mla13 were also present in the north, but at a low frequency. Spring cultivars carried the alleles Mla7, Mla9, Mla12, Mlk, Mlg or MlLa in the east, where a diversification of resistances has occurred since 1987, particularly because of the use of ‘Volga’ (Mla7, Mlk, Mlg and MlLa). In the north and the west, Mla12 dominated after a decrease in the frequency of Mla7, Mla13 has recently been introduced in the north and the west with the cultivar ‘Vodka’.
Successful hybridization between Lolium and Dactylis
Authors: Oertel C. , Fuchs J. , Matzk F. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractIn order to test crossability of Lolium and Dactylis, a total of 4126 florets of six different varieties and ploidy levels of Lolium multiflorum Lam. and L. perenne L. were pollinated using a blend of pollen from two cultivars and three ecotypes of Dactylis glomerata L. Additionally, reciprocal pollinations were carried out on 363 florets of two D. glomerata cultivars with pollen of L. multiflorum. Both pre‐ and post‐zygotic cross barriers were strong. Auxin application was effective in overcoming post‐zygotic barriers. One viable hybrid plant arose from 16 embryos. The hybrid between L. multiflorum and D. glomerata showed characteristics of both parents. The symmetric character of the hybrid was confirmed by genomic in situ hybridization. Backcross pollinations with pollen of both parents yielded two plants from five embryos with L. multiflorum only. Both the production of allopolyploid hybrids having characters of both species and the transfer of useful characters of D. glomerata into L. multiflorum should be possible.