bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Grouped machine learning methods for predicting rock mass parameters in a tunnel boring machine‐driven tunnel based on fuzzy C‐means clustering
Authors: Wang Ruirui , Ni Yaodong , Zhang Lingli , Gao Boyang 
Published: March 2024

AbstractTo guarantee safe and efficient tunneling of a tunnel boring machine (TBM), rapid and accurate judgment of the rock mass condition is essential. Based on fuzzy C‐means clustering, this paper proposes a grouped machine learning method for predicting rock mass parameters. An elaborate data set on field rock mass is collected, which also matches field TBM tunneling. Meanwhile, target stratum samples are divided into several clusters by fuzzy C‐means clustering, and multiple submodels are trained by samples in different clusters with the input of pretreated TBM tunneling data and the output of rock mass parameter data. Each testing sample or newly encountered tunneling condition can be predicted by multiple submodels with the weight of the membership degree of the sample to each cluster. The proposed method has been realized by 100 training samples and verified by 30 testing samples collected from the C1 part of the Pearl Delta water resources allocation project. The average percentage error of uniaxial compressive strength and joint frequency (Jf) of the 30 testing samples predicted by the pure back propagation (BP) neural network is 13.62% and 12.38%, while that predicted by the BP neural network combined with fuzzy C‐means is 7.66% and 6.40%, respectively. In addition, by combining fuzzy C‐means clustering, the prediction accuracies of support vector regression and random forest are also improved to different degrees, which demonstrates that fuzzy C‐means clustering is helpful for improving the prediction accuracy of machine learning and thus has good applicability. Accordingly, the proposed method is valuable for predicting rock mass parameters during TBM tunneling.
Pupil reflex as a marker of activity and prognosis in heart failure: a longitudinal and prospective study
Authors: Zamorano Margarita , Monteagudo Juan Manuel , González Eduardo , Rayo Isabel , Fernández Sara , Castillo Miguel , Zhou Qiheng , de la Villa Pedro , Zamorano Jose Luis 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAimsCompensatory mechanisms in heart failure (HF) are triggered to maintain adequate cardiac output. Among them, hyperactivation of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) is one of the main ones and carries a worse prognosis. The pupillary reflex depends on the SNS, and we can evaluate it through pupillometry. The aim of the study was to compare the differences in pupillary reflex between patients with acute HF and controls and to analyse whether these differences in pupillary reflex may offer a new and easy prognostic factor in such patients.Methods and resultsWe prospectively and consecutively included 107 patients admitted with decompensated HF. Quantitative pupillometry was performed with the NeuroOptics pupillometry during the first 24 h after admission and prior to discharge. The results were compared with those of a group of 100 healthy volunteers who also underwent pupillometry. The maximum baseline pupil size (MBPS) and the minimum pupil diameter (MPD) were measured. Patients with decompensated HF have a higher MBPS (3.64 ± 0.81) and higher MPD (2.60 ± 0.58) than HF patients at discharge and in the control group (P‐value = 0.01 and 0.01, respectively). Also, HF patients presented an improvement in pupillometric values at discharge [MBPS (3.47 ± 0.79) and MPD (2.51 ± 0.58)] and showed no differences compared with the control group [MBPS (3.34 ± 0.82) and MPD (2.40 ± 0.53)] (P‐value = 0.19 and 0.14, respectively). In addition, MBPS provides a good independent predictor of in‐hospital and 1 month mortality in patients admitted with HF. Six patients (5.61%) died during hospital admission, and 11 patients (10.2%) died in the first month after discharge. Also, four patients (3.74%) were readmitted within 1 month of discharge. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for predicting in‐hospital mortality through MBPS was 0.823. No patient with an MBPS < 3.7 mm died. The ROC curve for predicting combined mortality or readmission within the first month for MBPS was 0.698.ConclusionsPupillometry may be a new, non‐invasive, and simple tool to determine the status of SNS, help in the prognostic stratification of acute HF patients, and improve therapeutic management.
Decision‐making accuracy of soccer referees in relation to markers of internal and external load
Authors: McEwan Gary P. , Unnithan Viswanath B. , Easton Chris , Glover Andrew J. , Arthur Rosie 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis study examined the relationships between the decision‐making performances of soccer referees and markers of physiological load. Following baseline measurements and habituation procedures, 13 national‐level male referees completed a novel Soccer Referee Simulation whilst simultaneously adjudicating on a series of video‐based decision‐making clips. The correctness of each decision was assessed in relation to the mean heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), minute ventilation (VE), perceptions of breathlessness (RPE‐B) and local muscular (RPE‐M) exertion and running speeds recorded in the 10‐s and 60‐s preceding decisions. There was a significant association between decision‐making accuracy and the mean HR (p = 0.042; VC = 0.272) and RR (p = 0.024, VC = 0.239) in the 10‐s preceding decisions, with significantly more errors observed when HR ≥ 90% of HRmax (OR, 5.39) and RR ≥ 80% of RRpeak (OR, 3.34). Decision‐making accuracy was also significantly associated with the mean running speeds performed in the 10‐s (p = 0.003; VC = 0.320) and 60‐s (p = 0.016; VC = 0.253) preceding decisions, with workloads of ≥250 m·min−1 associated with an increased occurrence of decisional errors (OR, 3.84). Finally, there was a significant association between decision‐making accuracy and RPE‐B (p = 0.021; VC = 0.287), with a disproportionate number of errors occurring when RPE‐B was rated as “very strong” to “maximal” (OR, 7.19). Collectively, the current data offer novel insights into the detrimental effects that high workloads may have upon the decision‐making performances of soccer referees. Such information may be useful in designing combined physical and decision‐making training programmes that prepare soccer referees for the periods of match play that prove most problematic to their decision‐making.
Numerical analysis of water, energy, and environment nexus in the hybrid thermal and solar multigeneration power plants
Authors: Zahedi Rahim , Yousefi Hossein , Aslani Alireza , Ahmadi Rouhollah 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe challenge of providing water, energy, and managing the environment is widely recognized as a significant barrier to global advancement in light of the increasing population. Based on projections, it is anticipated that the global community will encounter crises pertaining to water, energy and the environment in the foreseeable future. In this research, the application of the hybrid renewable system in a thermal power plant has been assessed based on the approach of analyzing the link between energy, water, and environment. The design of the solar system and the assessment of carbon balance during the power plant lifetime have been conducted in PVsyst application in 2022. Moreover, ReCipe environmental model has been used for assessing the effect of decrease in carbon emission on the ecosystem. The findings of the research indicate that the replacement of at least 2% of the nominal capacity of the fossil fuel power plant with the renewable one, prevents the emission of 1340.37 tons of carbon dioxide yearly. This amount equals to 371.25 m3 of reserve in fossil fuel consumption and 382.64 tons of crude oil. The results also showed that in addition to preserving natural resources, the hybrid cycle design leads to significant water demand reduction which equals to 3751 m3 with the capacity to supply underground water sources. Due to the interests of preserving water and energy resources and decreasing carbon emission in power plant industry, within the framework of nexus approach, management of energy supply by replacing resources and using water and heat recovery technologies and application of energy demand management policies based on energy efficiency and environmental implications is recommended.
Chaihu Guizhi decoction ameliorates depression symptoms in chronic restraint stress‐induced depressive rats by regulating gut microbiota and short‐chain fatty acids
Authors: Peng Dong , Cheng Yuying , Chen Yanlan , Cai Xin , Bao Hanxiao , Pan Xiangmin , Ding Wanyue , Chen Jianping , Li Pan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractChaihu Guizhi decoction (CJY) is a classic formula with antidepressant effects; however, it remains unclear whether the antidepressant mechanism of CJY involves modulation of the gut microbiota and which specific bacterial genera are regulated. The present study investigated the effects of CJY on the gut microbiota in chronic restraint stress (CRS)‐induced depressive rats. The results showed that CJY treatment attenuated depressive‐like behavior, repaired hippocampal neuronal damage, and increased neurotransmitter levels in CRS‐induced depressive rats. CJY reshaped the gut microbiota spectrum by increasing the level of the key bacterial genera that alleviate depression, such as Lactobacillus, while decreasing the level of the key bacterial genera that exacerbate depression, such as Bacteroides, Parabacteroides, and Lachnoclostridium. In addition, CJY restored the gut flora dysbiosis‐derived changes in the production of short‐chain fatty acids, such as acetic acid, propionic acid, and valeric acid. This study lays the foundation for identifying therapeutic targets for CJY and elucidating its underlying mechanisms from the perspective of the microbiota.
Rate of occult metastasis in lip squamous cell carcinoma: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Kansara Sagar , Oral Evrim , Sarkar Indrani , Sandulache Vlad , Mualla Rula , Walvekar Rohan R. , Ryan William , Ha Patrick 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectivesThe rate of occult metastasis in lip cancer is poorly studied. Management of the regional nodal basin in lip cancer is thus controversial. This study sought to understand the true rate of micrometastasis in lip cancer.Materials and MethodsSystematic review and meta‐analysis was conducted of English language studies reporting lip cancer sentinel node biopsy results. Studies were obtained from the PubMed database between the years 2000 and 2023 using the search terms “sentinel node biopsy” and “squamous cell carcinoma.” Random effect and fixed effect meta‐analyses were performed.ResultsThirteen studies met inclusion criteria. Low heterogeneity was noted among the studies, as indicated by the I2 inconsistency test (I2 = 0%). The rate of occult metastasis ranged between 0 and 33% (mean 9%). A total of 189 lip sentinel node biopsies had been performed. Of these, 21 revealed occult nodal metastasis (11.1%, 95% CI 7.36%–16.44%). One step, generalized linear mixed modeling revealed the true rate of occult nodal metastasis to be 10% (95% CI (0.0504, 0.1746), p < 0.0001).ConclusionThe rate of occult metastasis in lip cancer approaches the threshold for elective management of the regional nodal basin. Sentinel node biopsy is optimally suited for management of high‐risk early T stage lip cancer.
Nonisothermal analysis of two uniform boundary layer shear flows
Authors: Goher Sana , Abbas Zaheer , Rafiq Muhammad Yousuf , Sajid Muhammad 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe heat transfer phenomenon on the multiphase flows plays an imperative role in several biological and industrial processes, like the oil production industries, catalytic reactors, energy losses in several thermal systems, energy storage, paper manufacture, and heat exchanger systems. Therefore, this study scrutinized the heat transfer characteristic between two uniform boundary layer shear flows with different strengths flowing in the same direction. This problem involves the simulation of the convergence of boundary layers with varying shear strengths. The nonlinear differential system is scrutinized and converted into dimensionless ordinary differential equations by employing appropriate dimensionless variables. The resulting set of highly nonlinear ordinary differential equations is resolved numerically utilizing the Matlab solver “bvp4c.” The resulting numerical solutions are used to construct graphs that illustrate and elucidate the impact of numerous physical parameters on flow patterns. For both fluids, results for the Nusselt number and shear stress are also presented graphically for various parameters. The acquired results demonstrate that the velocity profile upsurges for both upper and lower fluids by enhancing the shear parameter. Furthermore, the number of streamlines is enhanced by augmenting the values of the viscosities ratio parameter. The present problem applies to the trailing edge flow over a thin airfoil with camber.
Multifactor roadmap for designing low‐power‐consumed micro thermoelectric thermostats in a closed‐loop integrated 5G optical module
Authors: Yang Dongwang , Xing Yubing , Wang Jiang , Hu Kai , Xiao Yani , Tang Kechen , Lyu Jianan , Li Junhao , Liu Yutian , Zhou Peng , Yu Yuan , Yan Yonggao , Tang Xinfeng 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAs the core components of fifth‐generation (5G) communication technology, optical modules should be consistently miniaturized in size while improving their level of integration. This inevitably leads to a dramatic spike in power consumption and a consequent increase in heat flow density when operating in a confined space. To ensure a successful start‐up and operation of 5G optical modules, active cooling and precise temperature control via the Peltier effect in confined space is essential yet challenging. In this work, p‐type Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3 and n‐type Bi2Te2.7Se0.3 bulk thermoelectric (TE) materials are used, and a micro thermoelectric thermostat (micro‐TET) (device size, 2 × 9.3 × 1.1 mm3; leg size, 0.4 × 0.4 × 0.5 mm3; number of legs, 44) is successfully integrated into a 5G optical module with Quad Small Form Pluggable 28 interface. As a result, the internal temperature of this kind of optical module is always maintained at 45.7°C and the optical power is up to 7.4 dBm. Furthermore, a multifactor design roadmap is created based on a 3D numerical model using the ANSYS finite element method, taking into account the number of legs (N), leg width (W), leg length (L), filling atmosphere, electric contact resistance (Rec), thermal contact resistance (Rtc), ambient temperature (Ta), and the heat generated by the laser source (QL). It facilitates the integrated fabrication of micro‐TET, and shows the way to enhance packaging and performance under different operating conditions. According to the roadmap, the micro‐TET (2 × 9.3 × 1 mm3, W = 0.3 mm, L = 0.4 mm, N = 68 legs) is fabricated and consumes only 0.89 W in cooling mode (QL = 0.7 W, Ta = 80°C) and 0.36 W in heating mode (Ta = 0°C) to maintain the laser temperature of 50°C. This research will hopefully be applied to other microprocessors for precise temperature control and integrated manufacturing.
Salt‐melt synthesis of poly(heptazine imide) in binary alkali metal bromides for enhanced visible‐light photocatalytic hydrogen production
Authors: Jin Yaxuan , Zheng Dandan , Fang Zhongpu , Pan Zhiming , Wang Sibo , Hou Yidong , Savateev Oleksandr , Zhang Yongfan , Zhang Guigang 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPoly(heptazine imide) (PHI), a semicrystalline version of carbon nitride photocatalyst based on heptazine units, has gained significant attention for solar H2 production benefiting from its advantages including molecular synthetic versatility, excellent physicochemical stability and suitable energy band structure to capture visible photons. Typically, PHI is obtained in salt‐melt synthesis in the presence of alkali metal chlorides. Herein, we examined the role of binary alkali metal bromides (LiBr/NaBr) with diverse compositions and melting points to rationally modulate the polymerization process, structure, and properties of PHI. Solid characterizations revealed that semicrystalline PHI with a condensed π‐conjugated system and rapid charge separation rates were obtained in the presence of LiBr/NaBr. Accordingly, the apparent quantum yield of hydrogen using the optimized PHI reaches up to 62.3% at 420 nm. The density functional theory calculation shows that the dehydrogenation of the ethylene glycol has a lower energy barrier than the dehydrogenation of the other alcohols from the thermodynamic point of view. This study holds great promise for rational modulation of the structure and properties of conjugated polymeric materials.
Using culturally sustaining science fiction book clubs to address agency and academic and emotional literacies with Dutch neurodiverse youth
Authors: Polleck Jody N. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis study examines the experiences of 10 neurodiverse students in Amsterdam, Netherlands, who all participated within in‐class youth‐led book clubs that centered science fiction. Over a 6‐month period, the researcher conducted pre‐ and post‐interviews and analyzed these along with transcription data from 24 book club sessions. Findings reveal that book clubs, using culturally sustaining science fiction and healing‐centered facilitative practices, provide opportunities to address students' academic and emotional literacies as well as their sense of agency.
Genotoxic and neurotoxic potential of intracellular nanoplastics: A review
Authors: Casella Claudio , Ballaz Santiago J. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPlastic waste comprises polymers of different chemicals that disintegrate into nanoplastic particles (NPLs) of 1–100‐nm size, thereby littering the environment and posing a threat to wildlife and human health. Research on NPL contamination has up to now focused on the ecotoxicology effects of the pollution rather than the health risks. This review aimed to speculate about the possible properties of carcinogenic and neurotoxic NPL as pollutants. Given their low‐dimensional size and high surface size ratio, NPLs can easily penetrate biological membranes to cause functional and structural damage in cells. Once inside the cell, NPLs can interrupt the autophagy flux of cellular debris, alter proteostasis, provoke mitochondrial dysfunctions, and induce endoplasmic reticulum stress. Harmful metabolic and biological processes induced by NPLs include oxidative stress (OS), ROS generation, and pro‐inflammatory reactions. Depending on the cell cycle status, NPLs may direct DNA damage, tumorigenesis, and lately carcinogenesis in tissues with high self‐renewal capabilities like epithelia. In cells able to live the longest like neurons, NPLs could trigger neurodegeneration by promoting toxic proteinaceous aggregates, OS, and chronic inflammation. NPL genotoxicity and neurotoxicity are discussed based on the gathered evidence, when available, within the context of the intracellular uptake of these newcomer nanoparticles. In summary, this review explains how the risk evaluation of NPL pollution for human health may benefit from accurately monitoring NPL toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics at the intracellular resolution level.
How are irritability and anhedonia symptoms linked? A network approach
Authors: Sistiaga Sonia , Tseng Wan‐Ling , Zhang Lanting , Rossignol Mandy , Bellaert Nellia 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundAnhedonia and irritability are two prevalent symptoms of major depressive disorder (MDD) that predict greater depression severity and poor outcomes, including suicidality. Although both symptoms have been proposed to result from paradoxical reward processing dysfunctions, the interactions between these symptoms remain unclear. Anhedonia is a multifaceted symptom reflecting impairments in multiple dimensions of reward processing (e.g., pleasure, desire, motivation, and effort) across distinct reward types (e.g., food, sensory experiences, social activities, hobbies) that may differentially interact with irritability. This study investigated the complex associations between anhedonia and irritability using network analysis.MethodParticipants (N = 448, Mage = 33.29, SD = 14.58) reported their symptoms of irritability on the Brief Irritability Test (Holtzman et al., 2015) and anhedonia (i.e., pleasure, desire, motivation, and effort dimensions across four reward types) on the Dimensional Anhedonia Rating Scale (Rizvi et al., 2015). A regularized Gaussian Graphical Model was built to estimate the network structure between items.ResultsIrritability was negatively related to willingness to expand effort to obtain food/drinks (estimate = −0.18), social activities (−0.13), and hobbies (−0.12) rewards. Irritability was positively associated with a desire for food/drinks (0.12).LimitationsOnly a small proportion (5.8%) of our sample was clinical and the study design was cross‐sectional.ConclusionA specific link between irritability and the effort dimension of the hedonic response across three reward types was identified. Investigating effort expenditure deficits with experimental paradigms may help us understand the mechanisms underlying the comorbidity between irritability and anhedonia in the context of MDD.
Unintended effects of algorithmic transparency: The mere prospect of an explanation can foster the illusion of understanding how an algorithm works
Authors: Ostinelli Massimiliano , Bonezzi Andrea , Lisjak Monika 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis research shows that merely believing that one can access an explanation of how an algorithm works can foster an illusory sense of understanding the algorithm, even when people do not actually access and read the explanation. This effect occurs because the belief that one can access an explanation provides a feeling of empowerment that fosters an illusory sense of understanding. In turn, this illusory sense of understanding can yield unfounded reliance on algorithmic determinations. We further show that this effect is moderated by the target of an explanation and by the perceived utility of an explanation in enabling consumers to use an algorithm more effectively. From a theoretical standpoint, we offer a novel psychological account of illusory understanding based on empowerment. From a practical standpoint, we point to an unintended effect of algorithmic transparency: merely knowing that one can access an explanation for how an algorithm works may lull consumers into a false sense of understanding that yields unfounded reliance on algorithmic recommendations.
Patient engagement with an automated postdischarge text messaging program for improving care transitions
Authors: Fakhoury Hassan , Trochez Ricardo , Kripalani Sunil , Choma Neesha , Blessinger Emily , Nelson Lyndsay A. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAutomated text messaging is a promising approach to monitor patients after hospital discharge and avert readmissions; however, it is not known to what extent patients would engage with this type of program and whether engagement may vary based on patients' characteristics. Using data from a 30‐day postdischarge texting program at a large university hospital, we examined engagement over time (operationalized as response rate to text messages) and patient characteristics associated with engagement. Of the 1324 patients in the study sample, 838 (63%) stayed in the program for the full duration. Among those retained, the median response rate was 33% (interquartile range: 11%–77%) and decreased over time. Patients who were male (p < .05), were Black/African American (p < .001), had lower health literacy (p < .01), or had not recently logged into the patient portal (p < .001), all had lower response rates. Results support closer examinations of patient engagement in hospital‐based texting programs and who is positioned to benefit.