bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Generating Microwave Signals with Enhancive Amplitudes Using Superconductor Single Flux Quantum Pulses for Controlling Quantum Bit
Authors: Shen Hongxiang , He Yuxing , Han Zeyu , Li Zongyuan , Luo Wenhui , Cheng Lan , Luo Yanyi , Jing Bo , Yoshikawa Nobuyuki 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn this study, the on‐chip generation of microwave signals are proposed for controlling nearby quantum bits in a low‐temperature environment, utilizing superconducting logical and RF components. To achieve enhanced amplitude of the microwave, superconducting single flux quantum (SFQ) pulse pairs are employed, which can have either the same or reversal polarity, serving as the basic elements of the generator. The SFQ pulse pairs are then combined and wave‐shaped by using a microwave combining filter, which finally outputs desired microwave signals with narrow line‐width. The amplitude of the microwave signal correlates with the interval between two SFQ pulses in a pair and can be adjusted accordingly. To validate the proposal, test chips are fabricated and performed experiments. The experimental results confirm that the method using a reverse‐polarity pulse can maximize the output microwave amplitude and provide control of the initial phase of the output microwave. This improvement offers a superior alternative for generating microwaves using superconducting circuits to control quantum bits.
Development and validation of high‐performance liquid chromatography‐Orbitrap mass spectrometric method for quantification of NDMA in ranitidine drug products and evaluation of antioxidants as inhibitors of classical nitrosation reaction
Authors: Aishwarya Dande , Nikhil Pallaprolu , Natesan Subramanian , Velayutham Ravichandiran , Peraman Ramalingam 
Published: April 2024

RationaleN‐Nitroso dimethylamine (NDMA) is a mutagenic impurity detected in several ranitidine products. The amino functional group of ranitidine is a risk factor for classical nitrosation‐induced NDMA formation in ranitidine drug products during storage conditions. The United States Food and Drug Administration (US FDA) recommended the use of antioxidants to control NDMA in drug products. Considering the need for sensitive analytics, a liquid chromatography/high‐resolution mass spectrometry (LC–HRMS) method was developed and validated to detect NDMA in this pilot study to demonstrate the antioxidants as inhibitors of nitrosation reactions.MethodsThe method, utilizing an EC‐C18 column and tuned to atmospheric pressure chemical ionization/selected ion monitoring (APCI/SIM) mode, separated NDMA (m/z: 75.0553; tR: 3.71 min) and ranitidine (m/z: 315.1485; tR: 8.61 min). APCI mode exhibited four times higher sensitivity to NDMA than electrospray ionization (ESI) mode. Classical nitrosation of the dimethyl amino group of ranitidine was studied with sodium nitrite in solid pellets. Antioxidants (alpha‐tocopherol, ascorbic acid, and trolox) were evaluated as NDMA attenuators in ranitidine pellets under vulnerable storage conditions. The developed method quantified NDMA levels in samples, extracted with methanol through vortex shaking for 45 min.ResultsThe method achieved a limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) of 0.01 and 0.05 ng/mL, respectively, with linearity within 1–5000 ng/mL (R1: 0.9995). It demonstrated good intra‐day and inter‐day precision (% RSD [relative standard deviation]: <2) and accuracy (96.83%–101.72%). Nitrosation of ranitidine induced by nitrite was significant (p < 0.001; R2 = 0.9579) at various sodium nitrite levels. All antioxidants efficiently attenuated NDMA formation during ranitidine nitrosation. Ascorbic acid exhibited the highest NDMA attenuation (96.98%), followed by trolox (90.58%). This study recommends 1% ascorbic acid and trolox as potent NDMA attenuators in ranitidine drug products.ConclusionsThis study compared the effectiveness of antioxidants as NDMA attenuators in ranitidine under storage conditions susceptible to NDMA generation. The study concluded that ascorbic acid and trolox are potent inhibitors of NDMA formation and nitrosation attenuators in ranitidine drug products.
Safe adaptive output‐feedback optimal control of a class of linear systems
Authors: Mahmud S M Nahid , Abudia Moad , Nivison Scott A. , Bell Zachary I. , Kamalapurkar Rushikesh 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe objective of this research is to enable safety‐critical systems to simultaneously learn and execute optimal control policies in a safe manner to achieve complex autonomy. Learning optimal policies via trial and error, that is, traditional reinforcement learning, is difficult to implement in safety‐critical systems, particularly when task restarts are unavailable. Safe model‐based reinforcement learning techniques based on a barrier transformation have recently been developed to address this problem. However, these methods rely on full‐state feedback, limiting their usability in a real‐world environment. In this work, an output‐feedback safe model‐based reinforcement learning technique based on a novel barrier‐aware dynamic state estimator has been designed to address this issue. The developed approach facilitates simultaneous learning and execution of safe control policies for safety‐critical linear systems. Simulation results indicate that barrier transformation is an effective approach to achieve online reinforcement learning in safety‐critical systems using output feedback.
Decentralized deconfliction of aerial robots in high intensity traffic structures
Authors: Crann Verdon , Amiri Peyman , Knox Samuel , Crowther William 
Published: April 2024

AbstractProjections for future air mobility envisage intensely utilized airspace that does not simply scale up from existing systems with centralized air traffic control. This paper considers the implementation and test of a software and hardware framework for decentralized control of aerial vehicles within intensely used airspace. Up to 10 rotary wing vehicles of maximum all up mass of are flown in an outdoor volume with length scale of with GPS and WiFi connectivity. Flight control is implemented using a Pixhawk 4 flight controller running the PX4 firmware with guidance algorithms run on a separate onboard companion computer. Deconfliction is implemented using a simple elastic repulsion model with a guidance update rate of . Traffic structures are constructed from a path of directed waypoints and associated cross sectional geometry. Junctions are implemented when two paths converge into one or when one path diverges into two. Agents engage with structures through execution of flow, merge and swirl velocity rules. Calibration experiments showed that the worst case latency in agents sharing position information was of the order of made up from delays due to finite guidance update rate, WiFi processing and centralized message processing. A choice of vehicle cruise speed of and conflict radius of provided an acceptable compromise between experiment time efficiency (speed) and spatial efficiency (resolution) within the test volume. Results from recirculating junction experiments show that peak deconfliction activity occurs at the junction node, however biased distribution of agents within a corridor means the peak intensity is pushed ahead of the node. Use of meshed helical junction structures significantly reduces the intensity of conflict at the expense of reduced junction time efficiency.
Coherence of recurring fires and land use change in South America
Authors: Ren Shulin , Xu Xiyan , Jia Gensuo , Huang Anqi , Ma Wei 
Published: April 2024

AbstractFire events in South America are becoming more extensive and frequent as climate extremes and human pressures increase, and even repeatedly occurring in some areas within decades. However, the relationship between recurring fires and vegetation dynamics remains unclear. Here, we extracted the number of fire occurrences using burned area satellite product and analysed the relationship between recurring fires and vegetation dynamics with remote sensing land use and vegetation index datasets in South America. We show that approximately 1.39 × 106 km2 of burnt area has experienced recurring fires during 2001–2020. More than half of burnt area of recurring fires occurred in savannahs with remaining burnt area in grasslands, forests and croplands. Although forests tended to be less susceptible to recurring fires among all vegetation types, their coverage loss with recurring fires was the greatest. The greater proportion of forest conversion to croplands concurred with more recurring fires. Conversely, the coverage of croplands and grasslands gained the most with recurring fires. In the areas without vegetation conversion, more frequent recurring fires further suppressed canopy greenness and density, even in fire‐adapted savannahs and grasslands. Our results suggest that recurring fires and land use change are generally coincident, reflecting the intense pressure of human activities on natural vegetation in South America. Thus, coordinated efforts on vegetation conservation and sustainable management of human‐induced burning in the region are urgently needed.
Vesiculopustular Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms Induced by Levetiracetam
Authors: Norman Thomas , Guenther Jana , Wu Kevin , DeClerck Brittney , Worswick Scott 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) is a severe cutaneous adverse reaction characterised by fever, lymphadenopathy, morbilliform rash, haematologic abnormalities, and multiorgan involvement. Herein, we describe a 32-year-old female presenting with a 9-day history of facial oedema, cervical and inguinal lymphadenopathy, and a pruritic rash comprised of vesicles and pustules on her face, trunk, and extremities. Her only medications were valproate, which she had been taking for several years, and levetiracetam, which was initiated 41 days prior to rash onset. On the 16th day of her rash, she was diagnosed with DRESS induced by levetiracetam (Registry of Severe Cutaneous Adverse Reactions: 5). At this point, her absolute eosinophil count was 0.9 × 109 cells/L and aspartate and alanine transaminase levels were 357 and 339 U/L, respectively. Pustules with a morbilliform rash may occur in up to 30% of DRESS cases. In rarer instances, as in our patient, DRESS can present with isolated pustules and vesicles. Similarly, although rare, DRESS can be induced by levetiracetam.
Severe Atypical Juvenile Pityriasis Rubra Pilaris Diagnosed in Adulthood with a Dramatic Improvement with Ustekinumab
Authors: McCarthy Rebecca L. , Oldham Jaimie , Barbosa Elsa , Sinclair Catriona , Cunningham Malvina , O’Toole Edel A. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Pityriasis rubra pilaris (PRP) is a rare skin disease which manifests as a psoriasiform dermatosis and palmoplantar keratoderma and has significant clinical-histopathological overlap with psoriasis. Recently, several case reports have demonstrated successful treatment of PRP with anti-IL7A and anti-IL12/anti-IL23 monoclonal antibodies. We report a case of atypical juvenile PRP definitively diagnosed during adulthood with presence of CARD14 mutation. This case demonstrates a dramatic improvement with ustekinumab and highlights the role of genetic testing in chronic disease of diagnostic uncertainty.
Implications of Natural 3′–5′– Linkages in the Loop Region of Isomeric 2′–5′–Linked Thrombin–Binding Aptamer
Authors: Aher Manisha , Kumar Vaijayanti A. , Fernandes Moneesha 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe backbone modification of the thrombin‐binding aptamer (TBA) in the TT and TGT loop regions by isomeric 2′–5′–linkages was found to impose additive destabilizing effects on the thermal stability of the G‐quadruplex structure. In contrast, the thermal stability of isomeric 2′–5′–linked TBA, i. e., isoTBA, was significantly improved by isomeric 3′–5′–phosphodiester linkages. The isoTBA, when modified with 3′–5′–linkages in both lateral TT loops (isoTBA202), exhibited higher thermal stability and enzymatic stability in comparison to other oligomers in the present study, and TBA202 showed higher antithrombin activity than other loop‐modified TBA oligomers.
Arsenate Adsorption from Aqueous Solutions Using Chitosan/Fe‐Nanoparticles Composite Microspheres
Authors: Manzo‐Valencia Sandra , Alfaro‐Cuevas‐Villanueva Ruth , Zárate‐Medina Juan , Manzo‐Valencia María Karina , Huirache‐Acuña Rafael , Cortés‐Martínez Raúl 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe adsorption behavior and synthesis of a chitosan microsphere composite with iron nanoparticles (Ch‐Fe) for the removal of arsenates [As(V)] from aqueous solutions were investigated. First, the chitosan microspheres (Ch‐SD) were obtained using the Spray Dryer volatilization technique (SD), optimizing their particle size. Then, the iron nanoparticles (Fe‐NPs) were prepared using the microwave precipitation technique. The composite was characterized, and the arsenate adsorption parameters were determined through batch‐type experiments. Significantly fast adsorption rates were observed for both adsorbents. Besides, Ch‐Fe and Ch‐SD effectively removed arsenates over a wide pH range. The hydroxyl and amino functional groups are involved in removing arsenates. The Pseudo‐second order and the Elovich models described arsenate kinetic sorption data for Ch‐Fe and Ch‐SD, respectively. The As(V) maximum adsorption capacities were 27.46 mg/g and 29.94 mg/g for Ch‐SD and Ch‐Fe, respectively, increasing significantly at elevated temperatures. The Langmuir‐Freundlich model adequately described the isothermal data for both materials, suggesting adsorption heterogeneity. The composite's surface impregnation with Fe‐NPs enhanced the Ch‐SD adsorption properties. The SD method was suitable for obtaining the chitosan/Fe‐NPs microspheres and effectively removed As(V) from aqueous solutions.
Evaluating Terrestrol A as an Inhibitor Against SARS‐CoV‐2and Invasive Fungal Pathogens: A Comprehensive Computational Analysis
Authors: Singha Basanta , Arora Bhoomika , Karmaker Rituparna , Richa Kikoleho , Longkumer Naruti , Thaer Abdulhameed Haider , Abid Mohammad , Bora Sinha Upasana 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe highly contagious SARS‐CoV‐2 virus, which initiated the COVID‐19 pandemic, has resulted in a significant loss of life worldwide. While vaccines and therapeutics have helped mitigate the impact of SARS‐CoV‐2, worries still persist regarding the emergence of Variants of Concern (VOCs). Additionally, the immunosuppressive effects of SARS‐CoV‐2 and steroid treatments increase susceptibility to complex fungal co–infections (e. g., aspergillosis and candidiasis), complicating treatment and escalating mortality rates. These circumstances highlight the urgent need for novel therapeutics. Thus, this study explores gentisyl alcohol and its derivatives as inhibitors of SARS‐CoV‐2 and fungal pathogens (Aspergillus fumigatus and Candida auris) via in‐silico methodologies. Initial multi–targeted docking simulations revealed that Terrestrol A(10) exhibited highly promising results, displaying the most favourable MolDock‐scores against all targets of interest, particularly against PDB ID 4K90 and 7CR5. The subsequent assessment of Terrestrol A(10) for their druglikeness, ADME, toxicity profiling, bioactivity, and PASS prediction also yielded highly favourable results. Structural dynamics analysis revealed stable yet slightly unfolding complexes, affirming their integrity. DFT studies also demonstrated favourable reactivity of Terrestrol A(10). This investigation identifies Terrestrol A(10) as a highly promising inhibitor against SARS‐CoV‐2 and fungal pathogens, laying the groundwork for in vitro and in vivo validation of its efficacy and clinical utility.
Stable Zinc Anode Facilitated by Regenerated Silk Fibroin‐modified Hydrogel Protective Layer
Authors: Huo Peixian , Ming Xing , Wang Yueyang , Yu Qinglu , Liang Rui , Sun Guoxing 
Published: April 2024

AbstractInherent dendrite growth and side reactions of zinc anode caused by its unstable interface in aqueous electrolytes severely limit the practical applications of zinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs). To overcome these challenges, a protective layer for Zn anode inspired by cytomembrane structure is developed with PVA as framework and silk fibroin gel suspension (SFs) as modifier. This PVA/SFs gel‐like layer exerts similar to the solid electrolyte interphase, optimizing the anode‐electrolyte interface and Zn2+ solvation structure. Through interface improvement, controlled Zn2+ migration/diffusion, and desolvation, this buffer layer effectively inhibits dendrite growth and side reactions. The additional SFs provide functional improvement and better interaction with PVA by abundant functional groups, achieving a robust and durable Zn anode with high reversibility. Thus, the PVA/SFs@Zn symmetric cell exhibits an ultra‐long lifespan of 3150 h compared to bare Zn (182 h) at 1.0 mAh cm−2–1.0 mAh cm−2, and excellent reversibility with an average Coulombic efficiency of 99.04% under a large plating capacity for 800 cycles. Moreover, the PVA/SFs@Zn||PANI/CC full cells maintain over 20 000 cycles with over 80% capacity retention under harsh conditions at 5 and 10 A g−1. This SF‐modified protective layer for Zn anode suggests a promising strategy for reliable and high‐performance ZIBs.
Emerging Vanadium‐Doped Cobalt Chloride Carbonate Hydroxide for Flexible Electrochromic Micro‐Supercapacitor: Charged‐State Prediction from RGB Input by ANN Model
Authors: Pradhan Lingaraj , Kamila Swagatika , Padhy Ganeswara , Das Debi Prasad , Jena Bikash Kumar 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMultifunctional devices integrated with electrochromic and supercapacitance properties are fascinating because of their extensive usage in modern electronic applications. In this work, vanadium‐doped cobalt chloride carbonate hydroxide hydrate nanostructures (V‐C3H NSs) are successfully synthesized and show unique electrochromic and supercapacitor properties. The V‐C3H NSs material exhibits a high specific capacitance of 1219.9 F g−1 at 1 mV s−1 with a capacitance retention of 100% over 30 000 CV cycles. The electrochromic performance of the V‐C3H NSs material is confirmed through in situ spectroelectrochemical measurements, where the switching time, coloration efficiency (CE), and optical modulation (∆T) are found to be 15.7 and 18.8 s, 65.85 cm2 C−1 and 69%, respectively. A coupled multilayer artificial neural network (ANN) model is framed to predict potential and current from red (R), green (G), and blue (B) color values. The optimized V‐C3H NSs are used as the active materials in the fabrication of flexible/wearable electrochromic micro‐supercapacitor devices (FEMSDs) through a cost‐effective mask‐assisted vacuum filtration method. The fabricated FEMSD exhibits an areal capacitance of 47.15 mF cm−2 at 1 mV s−1 and offers a maximum areal energy and power density of 104.78 Wh cm−2 and 0.04 mW cm−2, respectively. This material's interesting energy storage and electrochromic properties are promising in multifunctional electrochromic energy storage applications.
Ultrastrong and Reusable Solar‒Thermal‒Electric Generators by Economical Starch Vitrimers
Authors: Gao Bingbing , Ku Hang , Chen Yukun , Zhang Shuidong 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn frigid regions, it is imperative to possess functionality materials that are ultrastrong, reusable, and economical, providing self‐generated heat and electricity. One promising solution is a solar‒thermal‒electric (STE) generator, composed of solar‒thermal conversion phase change composites (PCCs) and temperature‐difference power‐generation‐sheets. However, the existing PCCs face challenges with conflicting requirements for solar‒thermal conversion efficiency and mechanical robustness, mainly due to monotonous functionalized aerogel framework. Herein, a novel starch vitrimer aerogel is proposed that incorporates orientational distributed carboxylated carbon nanotubes (CCNT) to create PCC. This innovative design integrates large through‐holes, mechanical robustness, and superior solar‒thermal conversion. Remarkably, PCC with only 0.8 wt.% CCNT loading achieves 85.8 MPa compressive strength, 102.4 °C at 200 mW cm−2 irradiation with an impressive 92.9% solar–thermal conversion efficiency. Noteworthy, the STE generator assembled with PCC harvests 99.1 W m−2 output power density, surpassing other reported STE generators. Strikingly, even under harsh conditions of −10 °C and 10 mW cm‒2 irradiation, the STE generator maintains 20 °C for PCC with 325 mV output voltage and 45 mA current, showcasing enhanced electricity generation in colder environments. This study introduces a groundbreaking STE generator, paving the way for self‐sufficient heat and electricity supply in cold regions.
Identifying the Active Sites in MoSi2@MoO3 Heterojunctions for Enhanced Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Gao Bo , Cheng Qiuping , Du Xiaoye , Ding Shujiang , Xiao Chunhui , Wang Jin , Song Zhongxiao , Jang Ho Won 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDeveloping Two‐dimensional (2D) Mo‐based heterogeneous nanomaterials is of great significance for energy conversion, especially in alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), however, it remains a challenge to identify the active sites at the interface due to the structure complexity. Herein, the real active sites are systematically explored during the HER process in varied Mo‐based 2D materials by theoretical computational and magnetron sputtering approaches first to filtrate the candidates, then successfully combined the MoSi2 and MoO3 together through Oxygen doping to construct heterojunctions. Benefiting from the synergistic effects between the MoSi2 and MoO3, the obtained MoSi2@MoO3 exhibits an unprecedented overpotential of 72 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm−2. Density functional theory calculations uncover the different Gibbs free energy of hydrogen adsorption (ΔGH*) values achieved at the interfaces with different sites as adsorption sites. The results can facilitate the optimization of heterojunction electrocatalyst design principles for the Mo‐based 2D materials.
A Universal Strategy to Construct High‐Performance Homo‐ and Heterogeneous Microgel Assembly Bioinks
Authors: Xu Xinbin , Li Haofei , Chen Junlin , Lv Chuhan , He Weijun , Zhang Xing , Feng Qi , Dong Hua 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThree dimensional (3D) extrusion bioprinting aims to replicate the complex architectures and functions of natural tissues and organs. However, the conventional hydrogel and new‐emerging microgel bioinks are both difficult in achieving simultaneously high shape‐fidelity and good maintenance of cell viability/function, leading to limited amount of qualified hydrogel/microgel bioinks. Herein, a universal strategy is reported to construct high‐performance microgel assembly (MA) bioinks by using epigallocatechin gallate‐modified hyaluronic acid (HA‐EGCG) as coating agent and phenylboronic acid grafted hyaluronic acid (HA‐PBA) as assembling agent. HA‐EGCG can spontaneously form uniform coating on the microgel surface via mussel‐inspired chemistry, while HA‐PBA quickly forms dynamic phenylborate bonds with HA‐EGCG, conferring the as‐prepared MA bioinks with excellent rheological properties, self‐healing, and tissue‐adhesion. More importantly, this strategy is applicable to various microgel materials, enabling the preparation of homo‐ and heterogeneous MA (homo‐MA and hetero‐MA) bioinks and the hierarchical printing of complicated structures with high fidelity by integration of different microgels containing multiple materials/cells in spatial and compositional levels. It further demonstrates the printing of breast cancer organoid in vitro using homo‐MA and hetero‐MA bioinks and its preliminary application for drug testing. This universal strategy offers a new solution to construct high‐performance bioinks for extrusion bioprinting.