bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reverse micellar microextraction for rapid analysis of thiol‐containing peptides and amino acids by atmospheric‐pressure matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization ion trap and matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry
Authors: Agrawal Kavita , Wu Hui‐Fen , Shrivas Kamlesh 
Published: April 2008

AbstractSimple, rapid and inexpensive one‐step reverse micellar microextraction (RMME) procedures were combined with matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI MS) for the determination of thiol‐containing peptides and amino acids. In this investigation, a thiol‐containing peptide (HW6) was chosen as model compound to understand the mechanism of RMME. The electrostatic interactions between the thiol‐containing peptide and reverse micelles were proposed to be reason for the transfer of analytes from the aqueous phase to the organic phase. Reverse micelles were formed by the cationic surfactant, methyltrioctylammonium chloride (MTOAC). The best extraction efficiency of HW6 was obtained under the following conditions: pH 11.0, ionic strength 5.0 mM of KCl and micelle concentration 7.0 mM of MTOAC. The limits of detection (LODs) obtained for HW6 in water, urine and plasma samples were 0.15, 0.19 and 0.28 µM, respectively, with relative standard deviation (RSD) values in the range ±8.8–10.5%. The sensitivity obtained in water by the present method was 45‐fold higher than that of the conventional use of atmospheric‐pressure (AP)‐MALDI MS. Furthermore, the applicability of the proposed approach was extended for the determination of thiol‐containing amino acids in sample solutions by using MALDI time‐of‐flight (TOF) MS. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Näherungsweise Stabilitätsuntersuchung orthotroper Kreiszylinderschalen unter Manteldruck
Authors: Hertle Robert , Hartung Josef 
Published: April 2008

AbstractDie Bemessung von stabilitätsgefährdeten, orthotropen Kreiszylinderschalen unter normaltreuem Manteldruck ist weder im nationalen noch im internationalen Regelwerk umfassend behandelt. Um umfangreiche, numerische Berechnungen zu umgehen, wird, aufbauend auf der Untersuchung des Stabilitätsverhaltens orthotroper Platten unter Druck‐ und/oder Randschubbeanspruchung, ein Näherungsverfahren zur Ermittlung des idealen Manteldrucks pki entwickelt, welches es erlaubt, den Nachweis der Standsicherheit unter Rückgriff auf die in den einschlägigen Normen und Regeln verankerten Nachweisformate von Kreiszylinderschalen mit isotropen Materialeigenschaften zu führen. Es zeigt sich, dass in Abhängigkeit von Schalengeometrie, Krümmung und Grad der Orthotropie das Tragverhalten derartiger Konstruktionen näherungsweise entweder durch eine ideelle Ersatzschale mit isotroper Ersatzsteifigkeit oder durch einen radial und tangential gebetteten Kreisring beschrieben werden kann. Durch das hier vorgeschlagene Vorgehen werden die Adaptionsfragen von räumlicher, numerischer Untersuchung und normativem Nachweiskonzept – Beulspannungskurven und Teil sicherheitsbeiwerte in Abhängigkeit von der Imperfektionssensibilität – weitgehend umgangen.
Transversal traits in science education research relevant for teaching and research: A meta‐interpretative study
Authors: Lopes J. Bernardino , Silva António Alberto , Cravino José P. , Costa Nilza , Marques Luís , Campos Carlos 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThis study is a meta‐interpretative analysis that focuses on research conducted and published by other researchers. Concepts central to this study include global practical relevance, curriculum design, and formative situation. We analyzed 35 studies selected from 374 published studies in the years 2000 and 2001 in three journals referenced in the International Scientific Index. Using a replicable methodology developed specifically for this research, we found evidence of s clusters of variables that suggest the existence of transversal traits in the 35 science education research studies. These results form a reference framework of theoretical and practical knowledge relevant for research and practice pertaining to teaching and learning science. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 45: 574–599, 2008
A dynamic expression pattern of sGαi2 protein during early period of postnatal rat brain development
Authors: López‐Aranda Manuel F. , López‐Téllez Juan F. , Blanco Eduardo , Masmudi‐Martín Mariam , Navarro‐Lobato Irene , Khan Zafar U. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe function of sGαi2 protein in central nervous system is not well understood. Therefore to explore the possible role of this protein in postnatal brain development, we have analyzed the protein expression pattern of brain obtained from rats of postnatal day 0 (P0) to P90 by dot‐blots and immunocytochemistry techniques. In dot‐blots, both nuclear and membrane fractions showed a gradual decrease from P0 to P60. Highest protein level was observed at the age of P0. There was also a trend of decline in the sGαi2 protein from P0 to P90 in brain sections stained by immunocytochemistry method. At P0, the protein labeling was highest in cerebral cortex, hippocampus, cerebellum and mitral cell layer. In cerebral cortex, a drop in the immunolabeling of sGαi2 protein was observed at P3, which was significantly increased at the age of P5. However, in striatum and olfactory tubercle, it was maintained through P0–P10 and P0–P5, respectively. Thalamus was one of the areas where labeling was not as strong as cortex, hippocampus or striatum. In contrary to other areas, immunostaining of sGαi2 in corpus‐callosum and lacunosum‐moleculare was not seen at P0 and appeared in advanced postnatal ages. A detectable level of sGαi2 protein was observed at P5 in carpus‐callosum and at P20 in lacunosum‐moleculare. A high level of sGαi2 protein in the period when cellular layer organization and synaptic innervations, synaptic connections and maturation take place, suggests for a potential role of this protein in the early postnatal brain development.
Middle Neoproterozoic syn-rifting volcanic rocks in Guangfeng, South China: petrogenesis and tectonic significance
Authors: LI WU-XIAN , LI XIAN-HUA , LI ZHENG-XIANG 
Published: April 2008

AbstractMiddle Neoproterozoic igneous rocks are widespread in South China, but their petrogenesis and tectonic implications are still highly controversial. The Guangfeng middle Neoproterozoic volcano-sedimentary succession was developed on a rare Sibaoan metamorphic basement (the Tianli Schists) in the southeastern Yangtze Block, South China. This paper reports geochronological, geochemical and Nd isotopic data for the volcanic rocks in this succession. The volcanic rocks consist of alkaline basalts, andesites and peraluminous rhyolites. SHRIMP U–Pb zircon age determinations indicate that they were erupted at 827±14 Ma, coeval with a widespread episode of anorogenic magmatism in South China. Despite showing Nb–Ta depletion relative to La and Th, the alkaline basalts are characterized by highly positive ɛNd(T) values (+3.1 to +6.0), relatively high TiO2and Nb contents and high Zr/Y and super-chondritic Nb/Ta ratios, suggesting their derivation from a slab melt-metasomatized subcontinental lithospheric mantle source in an intracontinental rifting setting. The andesites have significantly negative ɛNd(T) values (−9.3 to −11.1) and a wide range of SiO2contents (57.6–65.6%). They were likely generated by the mixing of fractionated basaltic melts with felsic melts derived from the Archaean metasedimentary rocks in the middle to lower crust. The rhyolites are highly siliceous and peraluminous. They are characterized by depletion in Nb, Ta, Sr, P and Ti and relatively high ɛNd(T) values (−3.0 to −4.8), broadly similar to those of the adjacentc.820 Ma peraluminous granitoids derived from the Mesoproterozoic to earliest Neoproterozoic sedimentary source at relatively shallow levels. We conclude that the Guangfeng volcanic suite is a magmatic response of variant levels of continental lithosphere (including lithospheric mantle and the lower-middle to upper crust) to the middle Neoproterozoic intracontinental rifting possibly caused by mantle plume activity.
Serological and molecular studies onDirofilaria immitisin dogs from Turkey
Authors: Simsek S. , Utuk A.E. , Koroglu E. , Rishniw M. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractWe estimated the prevalence ofDirofilaria immitisinfection in domestic dogs in five Turkish provinces – Sakarya, Kocaeli, Ankara, Elazig and Mersin – using a commercial ELISA kit for detecting circulating antigen and a PCR test for detecting circulating microfilarial DNA. A total of 211 whole-blood and serum samples were collected from dogs of various breeds, ages and life status (owned or stray). Sample population characteristics were recorded and examined for differences in prevalence. Additionally, we collected 15 blood samples from cats (14 owned and 1 stray) from Ankara province and used PCR to detectD. immitisinfection. Twenty-seven (12.8%) of 211 dog samples were positive forD. immitisantigen by ELISA. No differences in prevalence were observed by sex (female: 14.4%; male: 10.7%;P>0.05). The prevalence ofD. immitisinfection varied with age: 11.8% in younger dogs (0.5–2 years) and 17.5% in older dogs (3–5 years). Prevalence between stray dogs (15.2%) and owned dogs (9.3%) did not differ (P>0.05). Prevalence rates were highest in Kocaeli province (18.3%), followed by Ankara (14.8%), Sakarya (12.3%) and Mersin (10.5%) provinces. Prevalence in Elazig province was 0%. No dogs or cats had microfilarial DNA detectable by PCR.
The relationship between conscious phenomena and physical reality in behaviour control: The need for simplicity through phenomenological clarity
Authors: Behrendt Ralf-Peter 
Published: April 2008

AbstractHow can “predictive simulation” – as a conscious phenomenon, related to goal imagery – be interchangeable with mirroring, which is an automatic response that, from a first-person perspective, enters awareness only after the act? The correspondence between perception of another's action and execution of one's similar action may be an example of a general perception-motor interface that maps perception onto behaviour or disposition towards action, without the need for simulation.
Can the shared circuits model (SCM) explain joint attention or perception of discrete emotions?
Authors: Chakrabarti Bhismadev , Baron-Cohen Simon 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe shared circuits model (SCM) is a bold attempt to explain how humans make sense of action, at different levels. In this commentary we single out five concerns: (1) the lack of a developmental account, (2) the absence of double-dissociation evidence, (3) the neglect of joint attention and joint action, (4) the inability to explain discrete emotion perception, and (5) the lack of predictive power or testability of the model. We conclude that Hurley's model requires further work before it could be seen as an improvement over earlier models.
The neural underpinnings of self and other and layer 2 of the shared circuits model
Authors: Furey Linda , Keenan Julian Paul 
Published: April 2008

AbstractDifferentiating self from other has been investigated at the neural level, and its incorporation into the model proposed Hurley is necessary for the model to be complete. With an emphasis on the feed-forward model in layer 2, we examine the role that self and other disruptions, including auditory verbal hallucinations (AVHs), may have in expanding the model proposed by Hurley.
Does one size fit all? Hurley on shared circuits
Authors: Goldman Alvin I. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractHurley's high level of generality suggests that a control-theoretic framework underpins all of the phenomena in question, but this is problematic. In contrast to the action-perception domain, where the control-theoretic framework certainly applies, there is no evidence that this framework equally applies to feelings and emotions, such as pain, touch, and disgust, where mirroring and simulational mindreading are also found.
The social motivation for social learning
Authors: Nielsen Mark 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThrough the second year, children's copying behaviour shifts from a focus on emulating to a focus on imitating. This shift can be explained by a change in focus from copying others to satisfy cognitive motivations to copying in order to satisfy social motivations. As elegant and detailed as the shared circuits model (SCM) is, it misses this crucial, motivation-based feature of imitation.
Taste learning in rodents: Compounds and individual taste cues recognition
Authors: Gallo Milagros 
Published: April 2008

AbstractContrary to the outstanding simplistic view of the taste system, learning studies show a more complex picture. Behavioral data using conditioned taste preference and aversion tasks support the idea that mixtures involve complex interactions between individual taste cues. Evidence from taste conditioned blocking, taste perceptual learning, and taste learned preferences is considered to support such a view. Greater support for research in taste learning and memory is required for a complete understanding of taste recognition.
The nature of economical coding is determined by the unique properties of objects in the environment
Authors: Handel Stephen 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe physical properties that signify objects differ dramatically, so that the organization of sensory systems must reflect those differences. Although all senses may encode peripheral sensory information using across-fiber firing distributions, an economical coding system for each sense will necessarily differ. An economical code must maximize information about objects, whether they are predators or foods.
Basic tastes and basic emotions: Basic problems and perspectives for a nonbasic solution
Authors: Sander David 
Published: April 2008

AbstractContemporary behavioral and brain scientists consider the existence of so-called basic emotions in a similar way to the one described by Erickson for so-called basic tastes. Commenting on this analogy, I argue that similar basic problems are encountered in both perspectives, and I suggest a potential nonbasic solution that is tested in emotion research (i.e., the appraisal model of emotion).
Should labeled lines and pattern models be either-or? Issues of scope and definition
Authors: Stillman Jennifer A. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractErickson's conclusion that if basic tastes are not appropriate at one level, reference to labeled lines is inappropriate at any level, depends on matters of definition and scope. His population model mirrors Young's theory of color perception. However, there is evidence for distinct pathways to the cortex for two cone-opponent and one achromatic channel. Depending on the use made of key terms, sensory systems may display both across-fiber and labeled-line features.
Quantitative Preparative Native Continuous Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (QPNC-PAGE)
Authors: Kastenholz Bernd 
Published: April 2008

AbstractQPNC-PAGE, or quantitative preparative native continuous polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, is a high-resolution technique applied in biochemistry and bioinorganic chemistry to separate proteins by isoelectric point. This variant of gel electrophoresis is used by biologists to isolate active or native metalloproteins in biological samples and to resolve properly and improperly folded metal cofactor-containing proteins in complex protein mixtures.
A COHORT ANALYSIS OF US AGE–EARNINGS PROFILES
Authors: Fukuda Kosei 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTAggregate data on US earnings, classified by period and by age, are decomposed into age, period and cohort effects, using the Bayesian cohort models, which were developed to overcome the identification problem in cohort analysis. The main findings, obtained by comparing college and high school graduates, are threefold. First, the age effects show a downward trend for the age group of 45–49 onwards for high school graduates but do not show any such trend for college graduates. Second, the period effects show a downward trend for high school graduates but reveal no such trend for college graduates. Third, the cohort effects are negligible for both college and high school graduates.
STRUCTURAL SHIFTS IN UK UNEMPLOYMENT 1979–2005: THE TWIN IMPACTS OF FINANCIAL DEREGULATION AND COMPUTERIZATION
Authors: Baddeley Michelle C. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTThis paper analyses UK unemployment in the period 1979–2005. Structural breaks are identified endogenously and they coincide with key institutional changes associated with financial deregulation and computerization in the New Economy. A vector error correction model is estimated and it confirms that computerization and financial deregulation have had counteracting impacts on UK unemployment. The results are consistent with three hypotheses: technological advances associated with computerization have moderated inflationary struggles between firms and insiders by increasing total factor productivity; financial deregulation has generated financial fragility fostering rises in unemployment; financial deregulation and computerization together have been associated with shifts from manufacturing towards services, fostering structural unemployment.
Value‐added education and smoking uptake in schools: a cohort study
Authors: Markham Wolfgang A. , Aveyard Paul , Bisset Sherri L. , Lancashire Emma R. , Bridle Christopher , Deakin Sara 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTAim  To show that schools achieving higher examination pass and lower truancy rates than expected, given that their pupil populations (high value‐added schools) are associated with a lower incidence of smoking among pupils (13–14 years).Design  Value‐added scores for schools were derived from standardized residuals of two regression equations predicting separately the proportion of pupils passing high school diplomas and the half‐days lost to truancy from the socio‐economic and ethnic profiles of pupils. The risk of regular smoking at 1‐ and 2‐year follow‐up was examined in relation to the value‐added score in a cohort of 8352 UK pupils. Random‐effects logistic regression was used to adjust for baseline smoking status and other adolescent smoking risk factors.Setting  A total of 52 schools, West Midlands, UK.Participants  Year 9 pupils aged 13–14 years (n = 8352) were followed‐up after 1 year (n = 7444; 89.1% of original cohort) and 2 years (n = 6819; 84.6% of original cohort excluding pupils from two schools that dropped out).Measurements  Regular smoking (at least one cigarette per week).Findings  Schools with high value‐added scores occurred throughout the socio‐demographic spectrum. The odds ratio (95% confidence interval) for regular smoking for a 1 standard deviation increase in the value‐added measure was 0.85 (0.73–0.99) at 1‐year and 0.80 (0.71–0.91) at 2‐year follow‐ups. Baseline smoking status did not moderate this.Conclusions  Schools with high value‐added scores are associated with lower incidence of smoking. Some schools appear to break the strong link between deprivation and smoking. Understanding the mechanisms could be of great public health significance.
Rural–urban migration, illicit drug use and hazardous/harmful drinking in the young Thai population
Authors: Jirapramukpitak Tawanchai , Prince Martin , Harpham Trudy 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTAims  Limited data are available about whether rural–urban migration, often characterized by exposure to urban life stress and a reduction in social network and support, can affect the prevalence of illicit drug use and hazardous/harmful drinking. The purpose of our study was to examine the prevalence of these risky behaviours among Thai young adults and to describe their association between their migration status and these outcomes.Design  A population‐based cross‐sectional survey.Setting  A representative sample of 1052 residents, aged 16–25 years (467 males and 585 females) in a suburban community of Bangkok in 2003 and 2004.Measurements  (i) Exposures—migration (defined as the occasion when a young person born in a more rural area moves for the first time into Greater Bangkok); and (ii) outcomes—illicit drug use was assessed with an anonymous self‐report adapted from the Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS) and hazardous/harmful drinking with Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT).Findings  The results showed that 10.9% (82 males and 17 females) had illicit drug use and 24.3% (179 males and 62 females) hazardous and harmful drinking. In multivariate analysis, rural–urban migration was not associated with illicit drug use, whereas hazardous/harmful drinking was associated independently with being late migrants, who moved at the age of 15 or older.Conclusions  Illicit drug use and hazardous/harmful drinking were common among young Thais. The potential effect of migration on hazardous and harmful drinking identified in this study may be helpful for the design and implementation of preventive measures.
Management of tree diversity in agricultural landscapes around Mabira Forest Reserve, Uganda
Authors: Boffa J.‐M. , Kindt R. , Katumba B. , Jourget J.‐G. , Turyomurugyendo L. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractAs natural forests contract, farming systems become increasingly important to landscape biodiversity conservation, yet assets and limits of their contribution are insufficiently documented. A sound understanding of farmer strategies in the management of on‐farm tree biodiversity is also critical to landscape approaches for biodiversity conservation and livelihood improvement. Diversity and management of woody species were surveyed in 105 farms around Mabira Forest in South‐Central Uganda. Farms were selected according to distance to forest, landscape axis, gender, wealth, and specialized forest use of household heads. Farmer management has a strong influence on tree diversity in the coffee–banana systems around Mabira Forest. This is reflected in the relatively high number of planted and exotic species at the levels of farm niche, farm and landscape. Both the number of years under cultivation and farmer involvement in specialized forest use were conducive to higher species diversity. Gender, wealth and tenure status did not influence tree diversity. Variation in on‐farm species richness was noted between landscape axes radiating out of the forest rather than concentric distance categories. Farming systems around Mabira Forest Reserve provide a key complementary rather than substitute tree diversity refuge and can be managed to enhance overall landscape biodiversity.
Diversity of Genus Ficus L. (Moraceae) in farmlands and pastoral areas in Buganda region, central Uganda
Authors: Ipulet Perpetua , Kasenene John 
Published: April 2008

Abstract Ficus species are found in all tropical habitats occurring as epiphytes or terrestrials, and dominate agricultural ecosystems as shade trees or live fencing. Ecologically, they are indicators of ground water and keystone species providing fruit for frugivores. Their pollination is highly specialized, the pollinating wasps having co‐evolved with the host Ficus species. The study was conducted in Buganda where some species are integrated in the coffee/banana agriculture as shade trees, and a source of bark cloth or ‘olubugo’, a cultural Baganda cloth. Nine districts were surveyed covering fourteen forest and five savannah reserves, 22 farmlands and pastoral areas. Methods used were transect/quadrat, belt transects, total counts and opportunistic sampling. Altogether 32 out of the 44 species known from Uganda were recorded. The majority were epiphytic forest species, six obligate epiphytes were absent in cultivation where the most terrestrial species were recorded. Epiphytes showed no host preference, but grew on the largest or most common trees. Mean densities were the highest in drier forests and wetter savanna/cultivation and species richness indices followed the rainfall gradient. Only some forests had fairly stable populations. Species present in cultivation were sometimes absent in adjacent vegetation, and all those that survived in cultivation and savanna had known uses.