bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interaction between bias correction and quality control
Authors: Auligné T. , McNally A. P. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractAn interaction between the quality control (QC) and the bias correction of satellite radiances has been identified. If the bias correction is recalibrated intermittently, or if it is adaptive, a feedback process is possible. Indeed, the bias is calculated over a population of quality‐controlled observations. Since QC usually acts upon bias‐corrected observed‐minus‐first‐guess departures, the value of the bias correction influences the next population that passes the QC, and so on.Two situations that can trigger a feedback are described: residual outliers that have not been detected by the QC; and an asymmetric QC that selects a sub‐population of the good dataset. In both cases, the bias correction is strongly influenced by the feedback, and the performance of the QC is also degraded.The use of a new metric for the bias correction (called the ‘pseudo‐mode’), approximating the mode of the radiance‐departure distribution, significantly reduces the feedback due to outliers and asymmetric QC. The variational bias correction scheme VarBC, which updates the bias inside the analysis, also constrains the feedback triggered by an asymmetric QC, but it has limited skill for outliers in a population of infrared window channel observations. A combination of VarBC with the pseudo‐mode benefits from the advantages of both approaches. The bias correction is less sensitive to the QC, and more robust with respect to residual outliers. Copyright © 2007 Royal Meteorological Society
Some considerations of the concept of climate feedback
Authors: Bates J. R. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractA conceptual study of climate feedbacks is carried out using two simple linear two‐zone models and the commonly‐used zero‐dimensional model to which they reduce under simplifying assumptions. The term ‘feedback’ is used in many different senses in the climate literature. Two prototype usages, stability‐altering feedback (defined in terms of a system's asymptotic response to an impulsive forcing, negative when stability‐enhancing) and sensitivity‐altering feedback (defined in terms of a system's steady‐state response to a step‐function forcing, negative when sensitivity‐diminishing) have been isolated for study. These two climate feedback concepts are viewed against the background of control theory, which provides a generalized feedback perspective embracing all forms of forcing and which is often seen as providing the paradigm for the concept of feedback as used in climate studies.The relationship between the prototype climate feedbacks is simple in the context of the zero‐dimensional model. Here, the stability‐altering and sensitivity‐altering feedbacks provided by a given interaction are of the same sign, and the sign of the stability‐altering feedback as measured by initial tendencies always coincides with its sign as measured by the defining asymptotic tendencies. Even in this simple model, however, the sign of the prototype climate feedbacks can be opposite to the sign of the system's feedback as defined in control theory.In the two‐zone models, the relationship between the prototype climate feedbacks is not so simple. It is shown that, contrary to the common assumption, these feedbacks can be of opposite signs. Moreover, the sign of the stability‐altering feedback as measured by initial tendencies can be opposite to its sign as measured by asymptotic tendencies. It is further shown that there is no simple relationship between the sign of either of the prototype climate feedbacks in the two‐zone models and the sign of these models' feedback as defined in control theory.These results point to the need for greater precision and explicitness in the definition and use of the term ‘climate feedback’, both to facilitate interdisciplinary dialogue in relation to feedback and to guard against erroneous inferences within the climate field. Explicit definitions of the two prototype categories of climate feedback studied here are proposed. Copyright © 2007 Royal Meteorological Society
Non‐optical bimorph‐based force sensor for scanning near‐field optical microscopy of biological materials: characteristics, design and applications
Authors: Lei Franck , Manfait Michel 
Published: May 2007

AbstractA non‐optical force sensor that allows operation both in lateral (shear) and in vertical (tapping) force detection modes has been introduced for dynamic tip–sample distance regulation in scanning near‐field optical microscopy (SNOM) of biological samples. The sensor is based on a rectangular bimorph cantilever consisting of two thin piezoceramic layers bonded to a brass centre shim. One of the piezo layers serves as the probe dither and another as the responder of the sensed forces. The sensor is driven with a home‐made Q‐control electronics so that its sensitivity and bandwidth can be adjusted. The dynamics, characteristics and design considerations of the sensor are theoretically and experimentally discussed. Driving the bimorph cantilever at its eigenfrequency with appropriate force feedback allows one to obtain a quality factor (Q‐factor) up to 103 in water, suitable for different sample softness and imaging environments. The high sensitivity of the sensor is demonstrated both by shear force and by tapping mode imaging of soft biological samples in their natural state. Near‐field optical resolution of better than 100 nm on red blood cells in water has been obtained. The experimental results suggest that this SNOM sensor would be a promising set‐up for biological applications. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nonaligned Carbon Nanotubes Anchored on Porous Alumina: Formation, Process Modeling, Gas‐Phase Analysis, and Field‐Emission Properties
Authors: Lysenkov Dmitry , Engstler Jörg , Dangwal Arti , Popp Alexander , Müller Günter , Schneider Jörg J. , Janardhanan Vinod M. , Deutschmann Olaf , Strauch Peter , Ebert Volker , Wolfrum Jürgen 
Published: May 2007

AbstractWe have developed a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process for the catalytic growth of carbon nanotubes (CNTs), anchored in a comose‐type structure on top of porous alumina substrates. The mass‐flow conditions of precursor and carrier gases and temperature distributions in the CVD reactor were studied by transient computational fluid dynamic simulation. Molecular‐beam quadrupole mass spectroscopy (MB‐QMS) has been used to analyze the gas phase during ferrocene CVD under reaction conditions (1073 K) in the boundary layer near the substrate. Field‐emission (FE) properties of the nonaligned CNTs were measured for various coverages and pore diameters of the alumina. Samples with more dense CNT populations provided emitter‐number densities up to 48 000 cm−2at an electric field of 6 V μm−1. Samples with fewer but well‐anchored CNTs in 22‐nm pores yielded the highest current densities. Up to 83 mA cm−2at 7 V μm−1in dc mode and more than 200 mA cm−2at 11 V μm−1in pulsed diode operation have been achieved from a cathode size of 24 mm2.
The program of assertive community treatment (PACT): The model and its replication
Authors: Allness Deborah J. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe Program of Assertive Community Treatment (PACT) has been investigated in Madison and at other replication sites, and the positive results for clients have led to more widespread dissemination of the PACT model. This chapter presents a basic introduction to the model of care, research findings, and views on PACT model replication.
Stages in realizing the international diffusion of a single way of working: The clubhouse model
Authors: Propst Rudyard N. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractFrom modest beginnings, Fountain House has assisted the spread of the clubhouse philosophy across the United States, and more recently the clubhouse movement has spread internationally. At the same time that dissemination of the innovative clubhouse approach has taken place, there has been careful specification of the contents of the clubhouse approach.
Intervention for the severely disturbed mother
Authors: Stott Frances M. , Musick Judith S. , Cohler Bertram J. , Spencer Katherine Klehr , Goldman Judith , Clark Roseanne , Dincin Jerry 
Published: May 2007

AbstractJudith S. Musick is executive director of The Ounce of Prevention Fund in Chicago. Use of milieu and home‐nursing intervention strategies suggest some optimism in helping mothers of young children function better at home and in the community.
The use of psychotropic drugs in elderly patients with chronic mental illness
Authors: Howell Timothy , Diamond Ronald J. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractTreatment of elderly patients with chronic mental illness requires an understanding of the physiological changes associated with aging and with age‐related diseases. It also requires an understanding of some of the special problems arising from medication side effects in the elderly. Drug interactions are a major source of difficulty in elderly patients, and both prescribed and nonprescription drugs must always be considered potential contributors to the patient's mental illness as well as to medication side effects.
Expedited social security disability determinations: The Ohio experience
Authors: Kennedy Cille , Tully Rick , Craft Linda , Ullery Beth , Champney Timothy F. , Goldman Howard H. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractPreliminary evaluation of Ohio's expedited review of claims for the SSI and SSDI disability benefits of mentally impaired claimants supports the efficacy of the program in reducing mean processing time and reducing the use of consultative examinations.
The social security disability evaluation study
Authors: Kennedy Cille , Simmens Samuel J. , Pincus Harold Alan , Goldman Howard H. , Sharfstein Steven S. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe 1985 medical standards and guidelines for the adjudication of mentally impaired claimants for SSI and SSDI disability benefits were evaluated and basically found to reflect the statutory definition of disability according to the current perspective of psychiatry.
The effect of the Utah prepaid mental health plan on structure, process, and outcomes of care
Authors: Lurie Nicole , Christianson Jon B. , Gray Donald Z. , Manning Willard G. , Popkin Michael K. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractCapitation reduced Medicaid costs but had limited effects on most measures of process and outcome. Clients under capitation with the poorest mental health at baseline performed more poorly over time on some measures.
Lessons learned
Authors: Goetz Rupert R. , McFarland Bentson H. , Ross Kathryn V. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractMental health care reform in the public sector remains a local proposition. Oregon has thus far been able to avoid major failures and has modest successes to report.Although the road to achieving all that was envisioned at the outset remains long, the inclusive process followed gives reason for hope.
Essential medical facts for mental health practitioners
Authors: Wainberg Milton L. , Forstein Marshall , Berkman Alan , Cournos Francine 
Published: May 2007

AbstractNew information about the life cycle of HIV, new HIV‐specific laboratory tests, and newer antiretroviral medications have transformed the management of HIV illness. Knowledge about these changes will help mental health providers better understand the latest medical issues affecting their HIV‐infected patients, which will assist them in providing better care.
Diagnosis and treatment of HIV‐associated neurocognitive disorders
Authors: Ferrando Stephen J. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractAlthough significant strides have been made in recent years in treating HIV disease with new antiretroviral medications, the management of neurocognitive disorders continues to remain a challenge. This chapter provides an overview of the current epidemiology, neuropathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment of the central nervous system complications of HIV infection.
Severe mental illness and HIV‐AIDS
Authors: McKinnon Karen , Rosner Jennifer 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis chapter reviews the high rates of HIV infection and the risky sex and drug use practices of psychiatric patients, examines the role in HIV risk of psychiatric symptoms and of the contexts in which patients live, provides guidelines for taking sexually transmitted disease and risk histories from patients, presents recommendations for making HIV‐testing decisions with patients, and describes the range of HIV‐related services available to psychiatric outpatients.
An integrated program for comprehensive HIV care
Authors: Kobayashi Joyce Seiko , Standridge Walter L. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractHIV‐AIDS medical care systems that do not have full integration of mental health, alcohol, and substance use services—including the key components of prophylaxis, medication adherence, and outpatient symptom management—risk less‐than‐optimal outcomes. This chapter provides a model for integrated treatment.
Court intervention to address the mental health needs of mentally ill offenders
Authors: Lamb H. Richard , Weinberger Linda E. , Parham Cynthia Reston 
Published: May 2007

AbstractMental health consultation is provided to a municipal court that recommends court‐mandated interventions for mentally ill persons who have committed minor crimes. This study demonstrates that a significantly better out‐come results when the judge not only mandates but monitors mental health treatment.
On Incompressible Laminar Boundary Layer, with Pressure Gradient and with or without Suction
Authors: Jain A. C. , Bhatnagar P. L. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe various flow characteristics of accelerating and decelerating flows over a plate with or without suction have been studied using fourth degree velocity profiles satisfying one or two boundary conditions on the plate. In the case of lineary varying outer velocity distribution, the equation determining the boundary layer thickness has been integrated in the closed form for various values of suction parameter. The results for no suction have been compared with those of Görtler [1].
Beitrag zur Aerodynamik eines schwingenden Gitters II (Unterschallströmung)
Authors: Meister E. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIn der nachfolgenden Arbeit werden das Störgeschwindigkeitspotential und die Auftriebsverteilung an einem senkrechten Gitter mit unendlich tiefen Streckenprofilen berechnet. Benachbarte Schaufeln sollen in gleicher Weise schwingen, aber die Aufwindverteilung in Sehnenrichtung darf beliebig sein. Das Medium werde als kompressibel und reibungsfrei angenommen und ströme durch das Gitter parallel zu den Profilen mit einer Mach‐Zahl M < 1. Auf numerische Resultate wird verzichtet.
Die rheologische Zustandsgleichung elasto‐viskoser Flüssigkeiten — insbesondere von Weissenberg‐Flüssigkeiten — für allgemeine und stationäre Fließvorgänge
Authors: Giesekus Hanswalter 
Published: May 2007

AbstractDie rheologische Zustandsgleichung kompressible und inkompressibler elasto‐viskoser Flüssigkeiten wird sowohl für allgemeine als auch für (materiell‐) stationäre Fließvorgänge analysiert. Neben der allgemeinen elasto‐viskosen Flüssigkeit wird die speziellere Weissenberg‐Flüssigkeit untersucht, da diese das Verhalten einer großen Klasse realer elasto‐viskoser Flüssigkeiten weitgehend approximiert. In einer Zusammenstellung wird gezeigt, in welchem Maße sich die Zustandsgleichung vereinfacht, wenn man January von allgemeinen zu stationären Fließvorgängen bzw. weiter zu stationären Schichtströmungen, 2. von der allgemeinen elasto‐viskosen Flüssigkeit zur Weissenberg‐Flüssigkeit und 3. von kompressiblen zu inkompressiblen Flüssigkeiten übergeht. Auf weitere Aussagen, die mit Hilfe des zweiten Hauptsatzes der Thermodynamik zu gewinnen sind, wird hingewiesen, und es wird dargelegt, daß es auch noch unbegrenzt fließfähige Körper gibt, die nicht zur Klasse der elasto‐viskosen Flüssigkeiten gehören.
Über Fehlerschranken zu den Hankelschen asymptotischen Entwicklungen der Besselfunktionen für komplexes Argument und reellen Index
Authors: Döring Boro 
Published: May 2007

AbstractFür die Restglieder der Hankelschen asymptotischen Entwicklungen der Bessel‐Funktionen sind für komplexes Argument und reellen Index zwei numerisch brauchbare obere Schranken bekannt, die — in einer für die numerische Verwendung geeigneten Form — wiedergegeben werden. Die eine ist in einem Teilbereich von arg z zu grob, die andere ist verhältnismäßig kompliziert. Es werden zwei neue einfache Schranken entwickelt, deren Güte durch Vergleich mit den bekannten Schranken und mit dem wirklichen Fehler ermittelt wird; dieser wurde auf einem digitalen Elektronenrechner bestimmt1). Ferner wird eine Approximationsfunktion für die Schranken bezüglich der Gliederzahl angegeben. Am Schluß findet sich eine Zusammenstellung der in jedem Teilbereich numerisch zweckmäßigsten Schranken.
Die Singularitätsstelle in der Grenzschichtmethode der Hyperschallgasdynamik
Authors: Bausch H. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractEs werden zwei‐ und dreidimensionale spitznasige Körper im stationären Hyperschallstrom eines idealen Gases betrachtet. Am Anfang wird eine Übersicht über die Grenzschichtmethode gegeben. Für diese Methode ist eine Singularitätsstelle auf der Kontur des Körpers charakteristisch. Unter Ausnutzung bekannter asymptotischer Lösungen wird für spitznasige Körper mit stetiger Krümmung ein Verfahren ohne Singularität entwickelt. Es werden Berechnungen für ebene und rotationssymmetrische Körper durchgeführt und ausgewertet.
Zur numerischen Integration von Differentialgleichungen durch Potenzreihen‐Ansätze, dargestellt an Hand physikalischer Beispiele
Authors: Fehlberg Erwin 
Published: May 2007

AbstractEinige allgemeine Betrachtungen werden angestellt, unter welchen Umständen eine Potenzreihen‐Entwicklung (mit rekursiver Koeffizientenbestimmung) vorteilhafter ist als andere Integrationsverfahren. Es werden zwei Beispiele (restringiertes Dreikörperproblem, Bewegung eines Elektrons in einem magnetischen Dipolfeld) mitgeteilt, für welche solch eine Potenzreihen‐Entwicklung bei gleicher Genauigkeit nur etwa 15 bis 20% der Rechenzeit des Runge‐Kutta‐Nyströ;m‐Verfahrens benötigt.
Über die Rückführung überbestimmter Systeme von partiellen Differentialgleichungen auf gewöhnliche Differentialgleichungen und deren Behandlung mit einem elektronischen Analogrechner
Authors: Kulisch Ulrich 
Published: May 2007

AbstractEs wird ein Verfahren angegeben, wonach sich überbestimmte Systeme von partiellen Differentialgleichungen, welche durch Verallgemeinerung des Begriffes der gewöhnlichen Differentialgleichung zwischen komplexen Variablen entstehen, auf Systeme von gewöhnlichen reellen Differentialgleichungen zurückführen und damit schließlich mit einem elektronischen Analogrechner integrieren lassen.
On the Effects of Variable Suction on the Steady Laminar Flow due to Rotating Bodies of Revolution in Non‐Newtonian Fluid
Authors: Rajeswari G. K. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe effects of variable suction on the steady laminar flow within the boundary layer due to a rotating sphere, prolate and oblate spheroids in non‐Newtonian fluid are investigated. The secondary flow patterns in a meridian section past these bodies of revolution are represented graphically. Displacement and momentum thicknesses along the bodies of revolution are evaluated.
Einfache Wellen in der Charakteristikentheorie von Systemen quasilinearer partieller Differentialgleichungen
Authors: Sauer Robert 
Published: May 2007

AbstractFür Systeme homogener quasilinearer Differentialgleichungen mit n unabhängigen Veränderlichen werden mit Hilfe der Charakteristikentheorie Lösungen hergeleitet, die sich als „einfache Wellen”︁ deuten lassen. Die Koeffizienten der Differentialgleichungen sollen dabei von den unabhängigen Veränderlichen nicht explizit abhängen. Zur Erläuterung werden Anwendungen in der Gasdynamik (Ausbreitung nicht‐linearer Druckwellen) erörtert.
Spannungstheorie der Zahnräder I. Teil: Außenverzahnung
Authors: Neuber H. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractFür die Spannungsverteilung in Zahnrädern bei beliebigem Kraftangriff sowie für die Verteilung der Schrumpfspannungen in Zahnradkränzen werden exakte Berechnungsgrundlagen gegeben.
Boundary Layer on a Yawed Semi‐infinite Flat Plate in Converging and Diverging Flows with Suction and Injection
Authors: Ahuja G. C. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIn the present note we have studied the boundary layer flow over a semi‐infinite yawed flat plate in diverging and converging flows using the modified Pohlhausen method and taking the chordwise and spanwise boundary layer thicknesses as different. Our study of flows without suction or injection shows that a fifth degree polynomial gives reasonably good agreement for diverging flow with Görtler's series solution and a sixth degree polynomial gives range of applicability approximately close to Görtler's solution for converging flow. Adopting these types of velocity profiles for the chordwise and spanwise flows, we then study the effect of suction and injection on the flow characteristics. As in [1] here also we have adopted a particular type of suction or injection law.The present method is, no doubt, approximate as are most of the methods used for studying boundary layer flows, yet it gives useful insight into the problem with considerably less numerical work.
Asymptotische Näherungen der modifizierten Mathieuschen Funktionen
Authors: Piefke Gerhard 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIm Hinblick auf die Berechnung der Übertragungseigenschaften elliptischer Wellenleiter werden für die modifizierten Mathieuschen Funktionen aus der Differentialgleichung asymptotische Näherungen hergeleitet (Parameterasymptotik). Es wird hierbei davon ausgegangen, daß analog zur Ellipse als Verallgemeinerung des Kreises auch die modifizierten Mathieuschen Funktionen eine Verallgemeinerung der Zylinder funktionen sein müssen. Ebenso müssen dan auch die asymptotischen Näherungen der modifizierten Mathieuschen Funktionen eine Verallgemeinerung der asymptotischen Näherungen der Zylinderfunktionen sein. Es ergibt sich, daß die hier gefundenen asymptotischen Näherungen der Zylinderfunktionen mit diesen. Dies wird in einigen Bildern veranschaulicht.
Über das asymptotische Verhalten von Lösungen linearer stochastischer Differentialgleichungssysteme
Authors: Bunke H. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractEs wird das asymptotische Verhalten der Lösung homogener linearer Differentialgleichungssysteme mit zeitunabhängiger stochastischer Koeffizientenmatrix untersucht. Für die Koeffizientenmatrix ergeben sich explizite Bedingungen, unter denen die mittlere quadratische Norm der Lösung mit wachsender Zeit gegen Null konvergiert. Entsprechende Bedingungen werden auch für ein exponentielles Abklingen der mittleren quadratischen Norm und für den Fall zufälliger Anfangswerte abgeleitet. Die gewonnenen Ergebnisse bieten eine Grundlage für die Behandlung allgemeinerer linearer Systeme. Deshalb schließt sich eine Untersuchung von Systemen mit zeitabhängiger stochastischer Koeffizientenmatrix und von Systemen mit verschiedenen stochastischen Inhomogenitäten an.
Über asymptotische Entwicklungen von Sphäroidfunktionen
Authors: Müller Harald J. W. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIn der vorliegenden Arbeit werden asymptotische Entwicklungen für Sphäroidfunktionen großer Ordnung hergeleitet, die Funktionen Hermitescher Funktionen sind. Für die Eigenwerte ergeben sich entsprechende asymptotische Entwicklungen. Die Lösungen werden auch normiert.