bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synaptic protein expression in the medial temporal lobe and frontal cortex following chronic bilateral vestibular loss
Authors: Goddard Matthew , Zheng Yiwen , Darlington Cynthia L. , Smith Paul F. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractSeveral studies have reported that bilateral vestibular deafferentation (BVD) results in the disruption of place cell function and theta activity in the hippocampus. Recent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies in humans demonstrated that bilateral but not unilateral vestibular loss is associated with a bilateral atrophy of the hippocampus. In this study we investigated whether BVD in rats resulted in changes in the expression of four proteins related to neuronal plasticity, synaptophysin, SNAP‐25, drebrin and neurofilament‐L, in the hippocampal subregions (CA1, CA2/3, the DG) and the entorhinal (EC), perirhinal (PRC) and frontal cortices (FC), using western blotting. At 6 months following BVD, there were no significant differences in the expression of synaptophysin in any region. There were also no significant differences in SNAP‐25 expression in CA1, CA2/3, EC, PRC, or the FC; however, there was a significant increase in SNAP‐25 expression in the DG compared to sham controls. Drebrin A and E expression was significantly reduced in the EC and drebrin A was significantly reduced in the FC of BVD animals. NF‐L expression was not significantly different in CA1, CA2/3, DG, EC, or the PRC. However, its expression was significantly reduced in the FC of BVD animals. These data suggest that circumscribed neurochemical changes in SNAP‐25, drebrin and NF‐L expression occur in the DG, EC, and the FC over 6 months following BVD. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
New semantic learning in patients with large medial temporal lobe lesions
Authors: Bayley P.J. , O'Reilly R.C. , Curran T. , Squire L.R. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractTwo patients with large lesions of the medial temporal lobe were given four tests of semantic knowledge that could only have been acquired after the onset of their amnesia. In contrast to previous studies of postmorbid semantic learning, correct answers could be based on a simple, nonspecific sense of familiarity about single words, faces, or objects. According to recent computational models (for example, Norman and O'Reilly (2003) Psychol Rev 110:611–646), this characteristic should be optimal for detecting the kind of semantic learning that might be supported directly by the neocortex. Both patients exhibited some capacity for new learning, albeit at a level substantially below control performances. Notably, the correct answers appeared to reflect declarative memory. It was not the case that the correct answers simply popped out in some automatic way in the absence of any additional knowledge about the items. Rather, the few correct choices made by the patients tended to be accompanied by additional information about the chosen items, and the available knowledge appeared to be similar qualitatively to the kind of factual knowledge that healthy individuals gradually acquire over the years. The results are consistent with the idea that neocortical structures outside the medial temporal lobe are able to support some semantic learning, albeit to a very limited extent. Alternatively, the small amount of learning detected in the present study could depend on tissue within the posterior medial temporal lobe that remains intact in both patients. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Preferential exchange rate effect of isotopic fractionation in a melting snowpack
Authors: Zhou Shiqiao , Nakawo Masayoshi , Hashimoto Shigemasa , Sakai Akiko 
Published: February 2008

AbstractStable isotope exchange processes between solid and liquid phases of a natural melting snowpack are investigated in detail by separating the liquid water from snow grains at different depths of the snowpack and collecting the bottom discharge using a lysimeter. In the melting–freezing mass exchange process between the two phases, the theoretical slope of the δDδ18O line for newly refrozen ice is calculated to be nearly that of pore water. However, based on observations of the isotopic evolution and snow grain coarsening of the snowpack, it is demonstrated that the slope of the δDδ18O line for newly refrozen ice is equal to that of the original ice. This is proved to be due to preferential water flow in the snowpack, which leads to relatively more deuterium and less oxygen‐18 in the mobile water than the immobile water because of the kinetic effect. Higher mass exchange rate in the mobile water region results in excess deuterium in the bulk refrozen ice, compared with the fractionation of uniform fractionation factors and exchange rate. This effect, which is termed the ‘preferential exchange rate effect of isotopic fractionation’, is shown to be larger in the lower part than the upper part of the snowpack. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Controlled preparation of thin fibrin films immobilized at solid surfaces
Authors: Riedel Tomáš , Brynda Eduard , Dyr Jan E. , Houska Milan 
Published: February 2008

AbstractA technique for coating surfaces with attached fibrin structures without the formation of fibrin gel in bulk solution was developed. It is based on the catalytic effect of the surface‐bound thrombin on fibrinogen stabilized with inhibitor which inhibits thrombin in solution but not the thrombin on the surface. Such an inhibitor is antithrombin, the effect of which may be enhanced with heparin. Fibrinogen is first adsorbed on the substrate surface and then incubated with thrombin. The unbound thrombin is washed out and the surface is incubated with fibrinogen solution containing antithrombin III and heparin. A fibrin gel forms at the surface by the action of surface‐bound thrombin on ambient fibrinogen solution; however, the gel formation in bulk solution catalyzed by thrombin partially released from the surface is suppressed. By utilizing antithrombin‐independent inhibitors or repeating thrombin binding and incubation with fibrinogen solution, the amount of surface‐attached fibrin gel can be controlled. The formation of immobilized fibrin networks was observed using surface plasmon resonance and turbidity measurements and morphology was observed by TEM, SEM, and AFM. Using this technique, a porous scaffold made of polylactide fibers was coated with fibrin without filling the space between fibers with a bulk fibrin gel. The technique makes it possible to coat the inner surface of porous scaffolds with surface‐attached fibrin gel while preserving free volume for cell migration into the pores. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 2009
Accuracy of brief and full forms of the child mania rating scale
Authors: Henry David B. , Pavuluri Mani N. , Youngstrom Eric , Birmaher Boris 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThis study assesses the sensitivity of full and brief forms of a parent‐rated mania scale to variations in diagnoses. Parents of a sample of 150 subjects either diagnosed with bipolar disorder (BD) or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), or healthy controls (HC), completed the full Child Mania Rating Scale and other measures. We used single‐parameter item‐response theory models to produce a brief parent mania rating scale from the full version. The 10‐item, brief Child Mania Rating Scale—Parent (CMRS‐P) version correlated .93 with 11 items from the full CMRS‐P that were not used in constructing the brief version, and showed accuracy comparable to the full scale in differentiating BD from ADHD, and in discriminating among bipolar subtypes. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 64:1–14, 2008.
Plasmid growth hormone releasing hormone therapy in healthy and laminitis‐afflicted horses—evaluation and pilot study
Authors: Brown Patricia A. , Bodles‐Brakhop Angela , Draghia‐Akli Ruxandra 
Published: February 2008

AbstractBackgroundIn vivoelectroporation dramatically improves the potency of plasmid‐mediated therapies, including in large animal models. Laminitis and arthritis are common and debilitating diseases in the horse, as well as humans.MethodsThe effects of growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH) on healthy horses and on horses with laminitis that were followed for 6 months after a single intramuscular injection and electroporation of 2.5 mg of an optimized myogenic GHRH‐expressing plasmid were examined.ResultsIn the first study on six healthy horses, we observed a significant increase in body mass by day 180 compared to baseline (P< 0.003), and an increase in erythrocyte production (hematocrit, red blood cells, hemoglobin,P= 0.03). IGF‐I levels were increased by 7% by day 120 (P= 0.02). A pilot study was performed on two horses with chronic laminitis, a vascular condition often associated with arthritis, with two horses with similar clinical disease serving as non‐treated controls. Treated horses experienced an increase in weight compared to control horses that received standard care (P= 0.007). By 6 months post‐treatment, treated subjects were rated pasture sound. Physical and radiographic evaluation demonstrated significant improvement with reduced inflammation and decreased lameness.ConclusionsThese results demonstrate that a plasmid therapy delivered by electroporation can potentially be used to treat chronic conditions in horses, and possibly other very large mammals. While further studies are needed, overall this proof‐of‐concept work presents encouraging data for studying gene therapeutic treatments for Raynaud's syndrome and arthritis in humans. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Accelerated hypertrophic chondrocyte kinetics in GDF‐7 deficient murine tibial growth plates
Authors: Mikic Borjana , Ferreira Maria P. , Battaglia Todd C. , Hunziker Ernst B. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe Growth/Differentiation Factors (GDFs) are a subgroup of the Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (BMPs) well known for their role in joint formation and chondrogenesis. Mice deficient in one of these signaling molecules, GDF‐5, have recently been shown to exhibit a decreased rate of endochondral bone growth in the proximal tibia due to a significantly longer hypertrophic phase duration. GDF‐7 is a related family member, which exhibits a high degree of sequence identity with GDF‐5. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether GDF‐7 deficiency also alters the endochondral bone growth rate in mice and, if so, how this is achieved. Stereologic and cell kinetic parameters in proximal tibial growth plates from 5‐week‐old female GDF‐7 −/− mice and wild type control littermates were examined. GDF‐7 deficiency resulted in a statistically significant increase in growth rate (+26%; p = 0.0084) and rate of cell loss at the chondrosseous junction (+25%; p = 0.0217). Cells from GDF‐7 deficient mice also exhibited a significantly shorter hypertrophic phase duration compared to wild type controls (−27%; p = 0.0326). These data demonstrate that, in the absence of GDF‐7, the rate of endochondral bone growth is affected through the modulation of hypertrophic phase duration in growth plate chondrocytes. These findings further support a growing body of evidence implicating the GDFs in the formation, maturation, and maintenance of healthy cartilage. © 2008 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 26:986–990, 2008
Solid‐state P‐31 NMR study of the formation of hydroxyapatite in the presence of glutaric acid
Authors: Tseng Yao‐Hung , Mou Yun , Chen Peng‐Huan , Tsai Tim W. T. , Hsieh Cheng‐I. , Mou Chung‐Yuan , Chan Jerry C. C. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractWe demonstrate that glutaric acid can be used to prepare nanorods of hydroxyapatite under hydrothermal condition at 100 °C with a Ca2+:glutaric acid molar ratio of 1:4. Frequency‐switched Lee–Goldburg irradiation is employed to obtain high‐resolution31P{1H} correlation spectra of the reaction mixture at two different reaction periods, from which it is shown that octacalcium phosphate is the precursor phase of the final hydroxyapatite product. In addition, the spectra show that a substantial amount of water molecules is trapped between the glutaric acid and the hydroxyapatite surface, indicating that water molecules may play a prominent role in the noncovalent interaction of the glutaric acid and the HAp surface. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Revisiting silicate substituted hydroxyapatite by solid‐state NMR
Authors: Gasquères G. , Bonhomme C. , Maquet J. , Babonneau F. , Hayakawa S. , Kanaya T. , Osaka A. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractSilicon‐substituted hydroxyapatite (Si‐HAp) has shown promising properties such as high‐bone remodeling around implants. So far, the techniques used for the structural characterization of the Si‐HAp have given indirect evidence of the presence of silicon inside the structure (by X‐ray and neutron diffraction). In this paper, we focus on Si‐HAp derivatives obtained by a precipitation method (widely described in the literature). We demonstrate here by solid‐state NMR spectroscopy that only a fraction of the silicon atoms are incorporated into the HAp lattice in the form of Q0 (SiO44−) species, for 4.6 wt% Si‐HAp. A large amount of silicate units are located outside the HAp structure and correspond to silica‐gel units. All results were established through 29Si MAS, 1H →29Si CP MAS and T1ρ(1H) edited 1H →29Si CP MAS experiments. This last pulse scheme acted as a powerful editing sequence, leading to unambiguous spectroscopic conclusions, concerning the location of the SiO44− moieties. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Towards a model of the mineral–organic interface in bone: NMR of the structure of synthetic glycosaminoglycan‐ and polyaspartate‐calcium phosphate composites
Authors: Best Serena M. , Duer Melinda J. , Reid David G. , Wise Erica R. , Zou Shuo 
Published: February 2008

AbstractWe have synthesised three materials–chondroitin sulphate (ChS, a commercial product derived from shark cartilage and predominantly chondroitin‐6‐sulphate (Ch‐6‐S)) bound to pre‐formed hydroxyapatite (HA, Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2), HA formed in the presence of ChS and poly‐Asp bound to pre‐formed HA–to generate models for the mineral–organic interface in bone. The three materials have been investigated by 13C cross polarisation magic‐angle spinning (CPMAS) NMR, 13C{31P} rotational echo double resonance (REDOR) and powder x‐ray diffraction (XRD) in order to verify their composition and to determine the nature of their binding to HA. Our results show that for HA formed in the presence of Ch‐6‐S, all carbon atoms in the Ch‐6‐S having contact with mineral phosphate. We propose that HA in this case forms all around the Ch‐6‐S polymer rather than along one face of it as is more commonly supposed in cases of templating by organic molecules. However, Ch‐6‐S binding to pre‐formed HA probably occurs via a surface layer of water on the mineral rather than to the mineral directly. In contrast, poly‐Asp binds closely to the pre‐formed HA surface and so is clearly able to displace at least some of the surface‐bound water. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Variable angle spinning (VAS) experiments for strongly oriented systems: methods development and preliminary results
Authors: Qian Chunqi , Thureau Pierre , Martin Rachel W. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractVariable angle spinning (VAS) experiments provide a useful method for measuring long‐range dipolar couplings and obtaining isotropic–anisotropic correlation spectra. These experiments make it possible to obtain correlations between isotropic and anisotropic spectra without altering the chemical composition of the sample. They also allow working with very strongly oriented systems that are not accessible to solution‐state techniques. In this communication, we discuss recent hardware developments in our laboratory and show representative data from small molecules in strongly oriented liquid‐crystalline samples. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantitative FLASH MRI at 3T using a rational approximation of the Ernst equation
Authors: Helms Gunther , Dathe Henning , Dechent Peter 
Published: February 2008

AbstractFrom the half‐angle substitution of trigonometric terms in the Ernst equation, rational approximations of the flip angle dependence of the FLASH signal can be derived. Even the rational function of the lowest order was in good agreement with the experiment for flip angles up to 20°. Three‐dimensional maps of the signal amplitude and longitudinal relaxation rates in human brain were obtained from eight subjects by dual‐angle measurements at 3T (nonselective 3D‐FLASH, 7° and 20° flip angle, TR = 30 ms, isotropic resolution of 0.95 mm, each 7:09 min). The corresponding estimates of T1 and signal amplitude are simple algebraic expressions and deviated about 1% from the exact solution. They are ill‐conditioned to estimate the local flip angle deviation but can be corrected post hoc by division of squared RF maps obtained by independent measurements. Local deviations from the nominal flip angles strongly affected the relaxation estimates and caused considerable blurring of the T1 histograms. Magn Reson Med 59:667–672, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A case from the department of neurology
Authors: Krieger Stephen , Finkel Jennifer , Gligorov Nada 
Published: February 2008

AbstractUncompleted suicide attempts are a significant cause of morbidity, which in catastrophic cases can be both medically and ethically challenging to manage. We discuss the case of a 63‐year‐old man who survived a suicide attempt by venlafaxine (Effexor) overdose, causing an intracranial hemorrhage and leaving him in an apparently awake but noncommunicative state. Ethical concerns arose when considering if he should be indefinitely maintained on life support. These include the difficulties of characterizing his level of consciousness and prognosis; establishing his decisional capacity regarding end‐of‐life decisions in a setting of depression and suicidality; and assessing the suitability of a surrogate decision‐maker. In conclusion, we discuss whether the fact that his grave neurological condition was caused by a suicide attempt was relevant to the decision to continue or withdraw life support. Mt Sinai J Med 75:53–56, 2008. © 2008 Mount Sinai School of Medicine
A model for using community‐based participatory research to address the diabetes epidemic in east harlem
Authors: Horowitz Carol R. , Goldfinger Judith Z. , Muller Sara E. , Pulichino Romina S. , Vance Thomas L. , Arniella Guedy , Lancaster Kristie J. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractObjective: Diabetes prevalence and mortality are increasing, with minority populations disproportionately affected. Despite evidence that weight loss due to improved nutrition and increased physical activity can prevent or control diabetes, there is often a disconnect between this evidence and individuals' lifestyles.Methods: East Harlem is a predominantly African‐American and Latino neighborhood that has the highest rates of diabetes prevalence and mortality in New York City. The East Harlem Diabetes Center of Excellence is a community‐centered coalition. To help direct their work, the coalition used their experiences, research, outreach, and literature review to build a conceptual model describing how local factors affect health behaviors and health outcomes such as obesity and diabetes.Results: This model describes the relationship between the physical environment, the social/medical environment and individual factors including demographic data, food and exercise beliefs and behaviors, and health outcomes. The coalition inserted local data from surveys and focus groups into the model to identify targets for future interventions, research, and activism.Conclusions: This type of collaboration and the model may be useful tools to help communities identify and address the deficits that prevent their residents from enjoying the health benefits of improved nutrition and increased physical activity, and that also lead to racial and ethnic disparities in health. Mt Sinai J Med 75:13–21, 2008. © 2008 Mount Sinai School of Medicine
Criteria for static equilibrium in particulate mechanics computations
Authors: Tu Xuxin , Andrade José E. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe underlying physics of granular matter can be clearly solved using particulate mechanics methods, e.g. the discrete element method (DEM) that is inherently discontinuous and heterogeneous. To solve static problems, explicit schemes using dynamic relaxation procedures have been widely employed, in which naturally dynamic material parameters are typically adapted into pure numerical artifacts with the sole purpose of attaining meaningful results. In discrete computations using these explicit schemes, algorithmic calibration is demanded under general conditions in order to achieve quasi‐static states. Until now, procedures for algorithmic calibration have remained rather heuristic. This paper presents two criteria, using the concept of homogenized stresses, for evaluating equilibrium in quasi‐static applications of particulate mechanics methods. It is shown, by way of numerical examples, that the criteria for static equilibrium can be applied successfully to obtain quasi‐static solutions in explicit DEM codes through algorithmic calibrations. A general procedure is proposed herein for carrying out the algorithmic calibration effectively and efficiently. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Accidental release of pressurized liquid gases
Authors: Kunsch Jean‐Paul 
Published: February 2008

AbstractStorage tanks with pressurized liquid gases such as propane or chlorine represent a substantial hazardous potential. The dynamics of the release, for example through an accidentally generated opening, are studied. The most important quantities are the time required to empty the reservoir and the cooling of the fluid. The temperature of the liquid phase influences the vapour pressure which represents a driving force of the outflow dynamics. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Overview: Data Assimilation and Model Reduction
Authors: Nichols N.K. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractFor the very large systems that arise in the environmental sciences, the available data are not sufficient to initiate a complex computational forecasting model. The technique of data assimilation enables measured observations (over time) to be combined with model predictions to generate accurate estimates of the system states – both current and future. An overview of data assimilation is presented here and the major types of assimilation method for treating very large nonlinear systems are described. Novel numerical assimilation techniques based on model reduction methods from control theory are then presented. The benefits of these techniques are demonstrated in a practical application from atmosphere and ocean modelling. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A Review of artificial boundary conditions for the Schrödinger equation
Authors: Antoine Xavier , Arnold Anton , Besse Christophe , Ehrhardt Matthias , Schädle Achim 
Published: February 2008

AbstractIn this review we discuss techniques to solve numerically the time–dependent linear Schrödinger equation on unbounded domains. We present some recent approaches and describe alternative ideas pointing out the relations between these works. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Systems theoretic questions in coding theory
Authors: Kelley Christine , Rosenthal Joachim , Sridhara Deepak 
Published: February 2008

AbstractA central theme of current research in coding theory are low density parity‐check (LDPC) codes and more generally codes defined via graphs. There exist various decoding algorithms which work in a decentralized manner and which can be viewed as discrete dynamical systems. In this talk, we explain these algorithms from a systems theoretic point of view. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)