bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hand and forearm dermatoses among veterinarians
Authors: Bulcke DM , Devos SA 
Published: January 2007

AbstractBackground  Infectious and non‐infectious hand and forearm dermatoses are frequent in daily veterinary medicine. In this specific occupation there is a serious impact of skin disease on the lives and careers of veterinarians.Objective  In this study we clarify the different occupational dermatoses on hands and forearms among veterinarians, using data collected in different dermatological patch‐test expert centres in Belgium and the Netherlands.Methods  Instead of questioning veterinarians themselves, which has been done in different studies in the past, we contacted dermatologists in Belgium and the Netherlands, questioning them about their experiences with dermatoses among veterinarians.Results  Seven dermatologists described a total of 58 veterinarians. Infectious dermatoses were described in 12 cases (20.7%). The non‐infectious dermatoses (46 cases, 79.3%) can be classified as contact urticaria and as irritant or allergic contact dermatitis.Conclusion  While irritant contact dermatitis accounts for the vast majority of hand and forearm dermatoses among veterinarians, contact urticaria and allergic contact dermatitis also significantly contribute to the occupational morbidity. Repeated hand washing, occlusion under rubber gloves, contact with animal protein fluids during obstetric procedures and contact with antiseptic agents, systemic and topical corticosteroids and antibiotics are the most likely causes of hand and forearm dermatoses among veterinarians.
Cannabis arteritis: a new case report and a review of literature
Authors: Peyrot I , Garsaud A‐M , Saint‐Cyr I , Quitman O , Sanchez B , Quist D 
Published: January 2007

AbstractCannabis arteritis manifests in cannabis users, independently of tobacco consumption. Around 50 cases were reported in the literature since the first description of this entity in 1960. We report the case of a 36‐year‐old man, cannabis user, without vascular risk factor who developed digital necrosis on the right foot. The pedal pulses were not palpable. He had no abnormal laboratory findings. Arteriography revealed distal segmental lesions and occlusion of popliteal artery. This arteritis was linked to cannabis use, but the patient did not stop cannabis consumption. His symptoms became even worse and he eventually developed sub‐acute ischaemia in his left leg despite vascular treatments. Amputation of the right second toe and of the left leg finally became necessary. Cannabis arteritis is relatively similar to thromboangiitis obliterans in its clinical and arteriographical presentation. A parallelism can be made between the role of tobacco in thromboangiitis obliterans pathogenesis and the role of cannabis in cannabis arteritis. Cannabis use must be searched in young patients presenting with arteriopathy. Cannabis arteritis may indeed represent a frequent cause of juvenile peripheral obstructive arterial disease, but is probably under‐diagnosed.
The Future of Cash and Counseling: The Framers' View
Authors: Mahoney Kevin J. , Fishman Nancy Wieler , Doty Pamela , Squillace Marie R. 
Published: January 2007

Objective. This paper reflects on the progress of the original Cash and Counseling states, and shows how this model has spread, how it has evolved over time, and what is left to improve. It then discusses the generalizability of the Cash and Counseling approach beyond long‐term care and ventures some thoughts on what still needs to be learned. Finally, this paper suggests some of the contingencies that could affect the diffusion of this innovation.Data Sources/Study Setting. Drawing from ten years of experiences with the fifteen Cash and Counseling states, plus their analyses of current trends and future opportunities and threats, the framers of the Cash and Counseling model reflect on future directions.Study Design. This paper is essentially a policy‐driven analysis of how the Cash and Counseling model has been sustained and disseminated, how it is likely to develop, and what still needs to be learned.Principal Findings. The basic Cash and Counseling model appears adaptable to different state environments and populations, but that hypothesis will be severely tested as more and more states seek to replicate. As one step to promote flexibility while capturing and preserving the essence of the model that led to such promising research results, the Cash & Counseling National Program Office developed a “Vision Statement”.Conclusions. The Cash and Counseling approach is not for everyone, but it is clearly a choice many participants desire. Its development merits monitoring.
What Should Historians Do With Heroes? Reflections on Nineteenth‐ and Twentieth‐Century Britain
Authors: Jones Max 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThis article reviews research on modern British heroes (in particular Henry Havelock, Florence Nightingale, Amy Johnson and Robert Falcon Scott) to argue that heroes should be analysed as sites within which we can find evidence of the cultural beliefs, social practices, political structures and economic systems of the past. Much early work interpreted modern heroes as instruments of nationalist and imperialist ideologies, but instrumental interpretations have been superseded within the New Cultural History by broader analyses of the range of gendered meanings encoded in heroic reputations. Studies of heroic icons have generated important insights for historians of masculinity and femininity. More research, however, is needed on the reception rather than the representation of heroic icons, on visual and material sources, and on the changing forms and functions of national heroes after 1945.
Morphological adaptation in host races of Tephritis conura
Authors: Diegisser Thorsten , Seitz Alfred , Johannesen Jes 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe present study investigates morphological differentiation among host races of the fruit fly Tephritis conura Loew (Diptera: Tephritidae) for two fitness‐related traits and whether these traits are host induced or genetically determined. Flies were analyzed from independent sympatric regions, and from one syntopic site where parental host plants [Cirsium heterophyllum (L.) Hill. and Cirsium oleraceum (L.) Scop. (Cardueae)] and hybrid plants (C. heterophyllum×C. oleraceum) co‐occur. As both host races may oviposit on hybrid plants and hybrid plants provide an identical environment for larvae of both host races, flies emerging from C. heterophyllum×C. oleraceum hybrids were used to assess whether host‐race morphological differences are genetically determined or due to phenotypic plasticity. No significant size (wing length) differences were found among host races, whereas flies emerging from C. heterophyllum had on average 8.4% longer ovipositors than flies emerging from C. oleraceum. The mean size‐corrected ovipositor length (i.e., the ratio ovipositor/wing length) was 10.3% longer. These proportions were repeated among host races emerging from hybrid plants. Although flies of the C. heterophyllum host race from hybrid plants were smaller than on parental host plants, the ratio ovipositor/wing length was constant. Hybrid flies (which emerged only on hybrid plants) were intermediate in relative and absolute ovipositor length. Thus, ovipositor‐length differences among T. conura host races most likely have a genetic basis. This suggests that host‐related differences in ovipositor length reflect adaptations to the respective host‐plant species, most likely to the host's flower‐head size, whereas both host races experience similar selection regimes on body size.
Pros and cons of group living in the forest tent caterpillar: separating the roles of silk and of grouping
Authors: Despland Emma , Le Huu Alice 
Published: January 2007

AbstractGroup living can incur both benefits and costs, mediated by different mechanisms. In many gregarious caterpillars, collective use of a network of silk trails is thought to improve foraging. Grouping, i.e., close contact with conspecifics, has been postulated to have both positive (thermoregulation and predator defense) and negative (competition and pathogen transmission) effects. The present experiment distinguishes between silk produced by group members and grouping per se in their effects on growth and development of both early and late larval stadia of the forest tent caterpillar [Malacosoma disstriaHübner (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae)] in a laboratory context. For both developmental stadia tested, pre‐established silk trails decreased latency to food finding and hence increased food consumption and growth rate. For younger larvae, pre‐established silk also decreased investment in silk production. Grouping young caterpillars accelerated development at the expense of growth, possibly as a mechanism to avoid intraspecific competition in later larval stadia. In older caterpillars, grouping decreased meal duration, suggesting that competition can indeed occur towards the end of larval development, even in the presence of surplus food. This led to a decrease in growth without any effect on instar duration. The benefits of exogenous silk thus decreased during larval development, whereas the costs associated with crowding increased. Ontogenetic shifts in grouping are common in many taxa: the present study is among the first to provide empirical evidence for an adaptive explanation of observed ontogenetic changes in aggregative behavior.
Staphylococcus aureus‐derived enterotoxins enhance house dust mite‐induced patch test reactions in atopic dermatitis
Authors: Langer Katja , Breuer Kristine , Kapp Alexander , Werfel Thomas 
Published: January 2007

Abstract:  Background:  Up to 65% of Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from the skin of patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) produce exotoxins with superantigenic properties that may also act as allergens leading to an induction of exotoxin‐specific IgE antibodies. Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) applied epicutaneously in a concentration of 10 μg/cm2, i.e. 200 μg/ml, under occlusion induces cutaneous inflammation in patients with AD and healthy individuals.Methods:  We performed patch tests in 32 adult patients with AD using different concentrations (i.e. 2–200 μg/ml) of SEA, SEB and house dust mite (HDM) extract (500 μg/ml). Furthermore, the respective enterotoxins and HDM extract were applied simultaneously to the same patch test site. Specific IgE levels to SEA, SEB and HDM were measured with the CAP FEIA.Results:  The rates of patch test reactions to SEA and SEB increased with rising enterotoxin concentrations. There were no differences in the rates of patch test reactions to SEA and SEB between patients sensitized to the corresponding enterotoxin and non‐IgE‐sensitized patients. The number of patch test reactions to the mixture of enterotoxin and HDM extract was higher than the number of patch test reactions to either the enterotoxins or HDM extract. We identified 11 patients with AD who reacted neither to the enterotoxins nor to HDM extract, but who showed patch test reactions to the mixture. These reactions were not predicted by the presence of enterotoxin‐ or HDM‐specific IgE.Conclusions:  Colonization with exotoxin‐producing S. aureus may influence the outcome of patch tests in patients with AD.
Chronic urticaria – which clinical parameters are pathogenetically relevant? A retrospective investigation of 339 patients
Authors: Buss Yiling Andrea , Garrelfs Ute Christine , Sticherling Michael 
Published: January 2007

Summary Background: Urticaria is a clinical reaction pattern triggered by many factors causing liberation of vasoactive substances such as histamine, prostaglandins and kinins. It presents as transient itching wheals which are either limited to the local stimulus area or more widespread. Urticaria is classified according to its duration into acute (duration ≥ 6 weeks) and chronic (duration 6 weeks) forms. Various clinical investigations may be initiated to diagnose the cause. This study critically evaluates the relevance of frequently performed laboratory investigations and searches for infectious foci, as well as the results of physical provocation testing and oral provocation with food additives. Patients and Methods: The laboratory and clinical data of 339 patients who had been treated for urticaria at the Christian‐Albrechts‐University in Kiel over a period of four years were collected in a data entry form and statistically evaluated. Nominal values were analyzed by their relative and absolute quantities, quantitative parameters with the help of statistical data such as minimum, maximum, median and 25th and 75th percentiles. Results: Chronic recurrent urticaria was most common, accounting for 52% of cases. Women were affected 1.8 times more often than men. One‐third of the patients also had angioedema. The medians of all laboratory parameters evaluated were within normal values. Only rarely were elevated antinuclear antibody titers, abnormal thyroid function tests or active infections such as hepatitis B or borreliosis detected. The search for infectious foci identified tonsillitis or sinusitis in almost 50% of analyzed patients. Positive reactions to physical testing occurred in 30% of patients and in 11% to oral provocation with various food additives. Conclusions: This study of a large patient group stresses the relevance of individually‐ tailored evaluations in patients affected with urticaria rather than an expensive initial broad diagnostic testing. More specific searches should be based on individual clues.
Measurement of Penile Curvature in Peyronie’s Disease Patients: Comparison of Three Methods
Authors: Ohebshalom Michael , Mulhall John , Guhring Patricia , Parker Marilyn 
Published: January 2007

ABSTRACT

Aim
Peyronie’s disease (PD) may be treated in a medical or surgical fashion. Factors involved in the decision of which treatment to choose include duration of disease and magnitude of penile deformity. Curvature can be measured using at-home photography (AHP), vacuum erection device (VED), or intracavernosal injection (ICI). This study was undertaken to determine the concordance between the three methods of deformity assessment. Patients were also questioned regarding the presence of erectile dysfunction (ED) based on self-report and the International Index of Erectile Function.

Materials and Methods
A total of 68 men presented to their urologist after taking penile photographs from three angles during maximal erectile rigidity. In the office, a VED was used to induce erection, and a goniometer was utilized to measure degree of curvature. ICI with trimix was then used to induce artificial erection, which was measured with a goniometer as well.

Results
There was a statistically significant difference in self-report curvature magnitude compared with measured ICI-assisted curvature. Curvature profiles included dorsal plaques in 50 patients (73.5%), ventral plaques in 10 (15%), and lateral in eight (11%). Using ICI, the mean curvature measured was 42 degrees. Mean degree of curvature using VED was 33 degrees, while that of photography was 34 degrees. Photographic measurements differed most from ICI in men with concurrent ED (P &lt;0.01), while vacuum device measurements were most inaccurate in men with curvatures of &gt;60 degrees.

Conclusion
Our results show that the degree of curvature measured using vacuum-assisted device and AHP is underestimated as compared with the gold standard ICI. We therefore recommend that ICI be used to most accurately determine degree of deformity. If ICI is not available, it is imperative that the same manner of measurement be used between all patients in a study group, as well as during serial evaluation in a trial.
Immunogenicity and Safety of Three Doses of a Bivalent (B:4:P1.19,15 and B:4:P1.7-2,4) Meningococcal Outer Membrane Vesicle Vaccine in Healthy Adolescents
Authors: Boutriau Dominique , Poolman Jan , Borrow Ray , Findlow Jamie , Domingo Javier Diez , Puig-Barbera Joan , Baldó José María , Planelles Victoria , Jubert Angels , Colomer Julia , Gil Angel , Levie Karin , Kervyn Anne-Diane , Weynants Vincent , Dominguez Francisco , Barberá Ramon , Sotolongo Franklin 
Published: January 2007

ABSTRACT

An experimental bivalent meningococcal outer membrane vesicle (OMV) vaccine (B:4:P1.19,15 and B:4:P1.7-2,4) has been developed to provide wide vaccine coverage particularly of the circulating strains in Europe. A randomized, controlled phase II study (study identification number, 710158/002; ClinicalTrials.gov identifier number, NCT00137917) to evaluate the immunogenicity and safety of three doses of the OMV vaccine when given to healthy 12- to 18-year-olds on a 0-2-4 month (
n
= 162) or 0-1-6 month schedule (
n
= 159). A control group received two doses of hepatitis A and one of conjugated meningococcal serogroup C vaccine on a 0-1-6 month schedule (
n
= 157). Immune response, defined as a fourfold increase in serum bactericidal titer using a range of vaccine-homologous or PorA-related and heterologous strains, was determined for samples taken before and 1 month after vaccination; assays were performed at two laboratories. As measured at the GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) laboratory, the OMV vaccine induced an immune response against homologous or PorA-related strains (in at least 51% of subjects against strains of serosubtype P1.19,15 and at least 66% against strains of serosubtype P1.7-2,4) and against a set of three heterologous strains (in 28% to 46% of subjects). Both laboratories showed consistent results for immune response rates. The OMV vaccine had a similar reactogenicity profile for each schedule. Pain preventing normal activities occurred in approximately one-fifth of the subjects; this was significantly higher than in the control group. The immune responses induced by the bivalent OMV vaccine demonstrated the induction of bactericidal antibodies against the vaccine-homologous/PorA-related strains but also against heterologous strains, indicating the presence of protective antigens in OMVs and confirming the potential of clinical cross-protection.
Use of MAG1 Recombinant Antigen for Diagnosis ofToxoplasma gondiiInfection in Humans
Authors: Holec Lucyna , Hiszczyńska-Sawicka Elżbieta , Gąsior Artur , Brillowska-Dąbrowska Anna , Kur Józef 
Published: January 2007

ABSTRACTThis paper describes the cloning, purification, and serological applications of matrix antigen MAG1 ofToxoplasma gondii. The expression system used allows the production of a large amount ofT. gondiirecombinant protein, which was assessed for its potential use in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detection ofT. gondiiinfection in humans. Serum samples from 117 patients with different stages of infection, along with 10 serum samples from seronegative patients obtained for routine diagnostic tests, were used. The results were compared with those of an ELISA that uses a nativeT. gondiiantigen extract. The MAG1 antigen detected antibodies more frequently from the acute stage (97.3%) than from the chronic stage (7.5%) of toxoplasmosis. Hence, this antigen may be used as a tool for detection ofT. gondiiimmunoglobulin G antibodies in persons with acute toxoplasmosis.
Age- and Serogroup-Related Differences in Observed Durations of Nasopharyngeal Carriage of Penicillin-Resistant Pneumococci
Authors: Högberg Liselotte , Geli Patricia , Ringberg Håkan , Melander Eva , Lipsitch Marc , Ekdahl Karl 
Published: January 2007

ABSTRACTUsing data from an ongoing Swedish intervention project, the observed durations of nasopharyngeal carriage of penicillin-nonsusceptibleStreptococcus pneumoniae(PNSP) (MIC of penicillin G of ≥0.5 μg/ml) stratified by both pneumococcal serogroup and age of the carrier were compared. The means and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated by fitting a gamma distribution to the observed duration of carriage for each age and serogroup stratum. The mean observed duration of carriage for all cases was 37 days (95% CI, 35 to 38 days). Children below the age of 5 years carried PNSP for significantly longer periods (43 days; 95% CI, 41 to 45 days) compared with older individuals (25 days; 95% CI, 24 to 27 days). There were also differences within the group of cases below the age of 5 years, as the duration of carriage became significantly shorter for each increasing age step: <1, 1 to 2, and 3 to 4 years. In addition, patients <5 years of age carried serogroups 9 and 14 for significantly shorter periods than groups 6 and 23. Serogroup 9 was also carried for significantly shorter periods than group 19. For patients aged 5 years or older, no significant difference in carriage duration for different ages or serogroups could be noted. As young children have the longest duration of PNSP carriage, interventions aiming to reduce the prevalence in this group are of great importance. The results highlight the importance of taking both serogroup and age of the carriers into account when studying the dynamics of pneumococcal transmission in young children.
Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Responses to Human Papillomavirus Type 16 E5 and E7 Proteins and HLA-A*0201-Restricted T-Cell Peptides in Cervical Cancer Patients
Authors: Liu Dai-Wei , Yang Yuh-Cheng , Lin Ho-Fan , Lin Mei-Fang , Cheng Ya-Wen , Chu Chen-Chung , Tsao Yeou-Ping , Chen Show-Li 
Published: January 2007

ABSTRACTPreviously, we found that human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV-16) E5 protein is a tumor rejection antigen and can induce cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) activity. Therefore, in this study, human leukocyte antigen A*0201 (HLA-A*0201)-restricted human CTL epitopes of HPV-16 E5 protein were identified using a bioinformatics approach, and the abilities of these predicted peptides to induce an immune response in HLA-A*0201 transgenic mice were confirmed by assaying E5-specific CTLs and in vitro-generated CTLs from normal peripheral blood T lymphocytes of HLA-A2-positive human donors. Second, the CTL responses to HLA-A*0201 CTL epitopes (E5 63-71 and E7 11-20) were examined in HPV-16-infected patients with HLA-A2. Third, the effect of HLA-A-type alleles on CTL activities in response to the entire E5 and E7 proteins was examined in cervical cancer patients. E5 and E7 peptides (but not the whole proteins) stimulated E5- and E7-specific CTL recall responses in HPV-16- and HLA-A2-positive cervical cancer patients, and HPV-16 E5 and E7 proteins stimulated naïve T cells in HPV-16-negative cervical cancer patients with HLA-A11 and -A24 haplotypes. In summary, this is the first demonstration that E5 63-71 is an HLA-A*0201-restricted T-cell epitope of HPV-16 E5.
Initiation at the Third In-Frame AUG Codon of Open Reading Frame 3 of the Hepatitis E Virus Is Essential for Viral Infectivity In Vivo
Authors: Huang Y. W. , Opriessnig T. , Halbur P. G. , Meng X. J. 
Published: January 2007

ABSTRACT
To determine the initiation strategy of the hepatitis E virus (HEV) open reading frame 3 (ORF3), we constructed five HEV mutants with desired mutations in the ORF1 and ORF2 junction region and tested their levels of in vivo infectivity in pigs. A mutant with a C-terminally truncated ORF3 is noninfectious in pigs, indicating that an intact ORF3 is required for in vivo infectivity. Mutations with substitutions in the first in-frame AUG in the junction region or with the same T insertion at the corresponding position of HEV genotype 4 did not affect the virus infectivity or rescue, although mutations with combinations of the two affected virus recovery efficiency, and a single mutation at the third in-frame AUG completely abolished virus infectivity in vivo, indicating that the third in-frame AUG in the junction region is required for virus infection and is likely the authentic initiation site for ORF3. A conserved double stem-loop RNA structure, which may be important for HEV replication, was identified in the junction region. This represents the first report of using a unique homologous pig model system to study the molecular mechanism of HEV replication and to systematically and definitively identify the authentic ORF3 initiation site.