bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prognostic model to predict outcomes in nonsmall cell lung cancer patients treated with gefitinib as a salvage treatment
Authors: Jae Park Min , Lee Jeeyun , Hong Jung Yong , Choi Moon Ki , Yi Joon Ho , Lee Su Jin , Oh Suk Joong , Ahn Jin Seok , Park Keunchil , Ahn Myung Ju 
Published: January 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:A prognostic model based on clinical parameters for nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients treated with gefitinib (250 mg/day) as a salvage therapy was devised.METHODS:Clinical data regarding a total of 316 metastatic or recurrent NSCLC patients who were treated with gefitinib were analyzed.RESULTS:Poor prognostic factors for overall survival (OS) by multivariate analysis were an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 2 to 3 (hazards ratio [HR] of 2.07; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.57‐2.73 [P < .001]), the presence of intra‐abdominal metastasis (HR of 1.76; 95% CI, 1.33‐2.34 [P < .001]), elevated serum alkaline phosphatase (HR of 1.50; 95% CI, 1.13‐2.00 [P = .005]), time interval from diagnosis to gefitinib therapy of ≤12 months (HR of 1.48; 95% CI, 1.12‐1.95 [P = .005]), low serum albumin (HR of 1.45; 95% CI, 1.09‐1.92 [P = .009]), progression‐free interval for previous chemotherapy of ≤12 weeks (HR of 1.40; 95% CI, 1.0‐1.84 [P = .015]), white blood cell >10,000/μL (HR of 1.38; 95% CI, 1.02‐1.85 [P = .032]), and ever‐smoker (HR of 1.33; 95% CI, 1.02‐1.75 [P = .033]). Of the 272 patients applicable to this prognostic model, 41 patients (15%) were categorized as a good prognosis group (0‐1 risk factors), 100 patients (37%) as an intermediate prognosis group (2‐3 risk factors), 81 patients (30%) as a poor prognosis group (4‐5 risk factors), and 50 patients (16%) as a very poor prognosis group (≥6 risk factors). The median OS from the time of gefitinib treatment for the good, intermediate, poor, and very poor prognosis groups were 18.0 months, 11.2 months, 4.0 months, and 1.3 months, respectively (P < .001).CONCLUSIONS:This prognostic model based on easily available clinical variables would be useful to identify patients who might derive more benefit from gefitinib treatment and to make decisions in clinical practice. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Stochastic modeling of columnar dendritic grain growth in weld pool of Al‐Cu alloy
Authors: Zhan X. H. , Dong Z. B. , Wei Y. H. , Tian N. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractA multi‐scale model is used to simulate columnar dendritic growth in TIG (tungsten inert‐gas) weld molten pool of Al‐Cu alloy. The grain morphologies at the edge of the weld pool are studied. The simulated results indicate that the average primary dendrite spacing changes during the solidification process in the weld pool because of the complicated thermal field, solute diffusion field and competitive growth. And it is shown that the secondary dendrite arms grow insufficiently in the space between dendrite trunks if the primary dendrite spacing is small. And the phenomenon has been explained by analyzing the influence of the solute accumulation on the constitutional undercooling and undercooling gradient when there are two different opposite solute diffusion fields. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Inorganic and organic templates‐assisted solvothermal synthesis of trigonal selenium microrods
Authors: Ma Jianmin , Sun Chuansheng , Lian Jiabiao , Zheng Wenjun 
Published: January 2009

AbstractA facile and environment‐friendly solvothermal method has been developed for the controlled growth of nano‐ and micro‐structured trigonal selenium (t‐Se) by using green templates. And, the morphology of trigonal selenium can be tuned by using different kinds of templates. The as‐obtained products were characterized by X‐ray powder diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Furthermore, the formation mechanism of trigonal selenium nano‐ and microcrystals was rationally suggested. This method will open a new avenue to synthesize other functional inorganic nano‐ and microcrystals. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Investigation of metastable zone width of ammonium oxalate aqueous solutions
Authors: Sangwal K. , Wójcik K. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe metastable zone width of pure ammonium oxalate aqueous solutions, as represented by maximum supercooling ΔTmax, is investigated as functions of cooling rate R and saturation temperature T0 by the polythermal method. The experimental results are discussed by using two recently advanced approaches: (1) self‐consistent Nývlt‐like approach based on a power‐law relationship between nucleation rate J and maximum supersaturation lnSmax, and (2) a novel approach based on the relationship between J and lnSmax described by the classical three‐dimensional nucleation theory. Analysis of the experimental data revealed that both approaches describe the experimental data on metastable zone width by the polythermal method reliably and provide useful information about the physical processes and parameters involved in nucleation kinetics. The values of various physical quantities predicted by both of these approaches are reasonable for a fairly‐soluble compound. A careful examination of the data on ΔTmax as a function of T0 obtained by polythermal method and from density measurements showed that ΔTmax has a slight tendency to decrease with increasing saturation temperature T0. The values of lnSmax at saturation temperature 303 K suggest that the metastable zone width of ammonium oxalate aqueous solutions is determined by primary nucleation in the polythermal method and by secondary nucleation during density measurements. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Effects of annealing on structural, electrical and optical properties of AgGa(Se0.5S0.5)2 thin films deposited by using sintered stoichometric powder
Authors: Karaagac H. , Parlak M. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe structural, electrical and optical properties of AgGa(Se0.5S0.5 )2 thin films deposited by using the thermal evaporation method have been investigated as a function of annealing in the temperature range of 450–600 °C. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed that the structural transformation from amorphous to polycrystalline structure started at 450 oC with mixed binary phases of Ga2Se3, Ga2S3, ternary phase of AgGaS2 and single phase of S. The compositional analysis with the energy dispersive X‐ray analysis (EDXA) revealed that the as‐grown film has different elemental composition with the percentage values of Ag, Ga, Se and S being 5.58, 27.76, 13.84 and 52.82 % than the evaporation source powder, and the detailed information about the stoichometry and the segregation mechanisms of the constituent elements in the structure have been obtained. The optical band gap values as a function of annealing temperature were calculated as 2.68, 2.85, 2.82, 2.83, and 2.81 eV for as‐grown, annealed at 450, 500, 550, and 600 °C samples, respectively. It was determined that these changes in the band gap are related with the structural changes with annealing. The temperature dependent conductivity measurements were carried out in the temperature range of 250‐430 K for all samples. The room temperature resistivity value of as‐grown film was found to be 0.7x108 (Ω‐cm) and reduced to 0.9x107 (Ω‐cm) following to the annealing. From the variation of electrical conductivity as a function of the ambient temperature, the activation energies at specific temperature intervals for each sample were evaluated. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Synthesis of a two‐dimensional porous framework based on symmetrical organic ligand and linking metal ion
Authors: Wu Jian 
Published: January 2009

AbstractReaction of a pyridinecarboxylate ligand with copper salt affords a novel coordinative polymer [Cu(bpdc)(H2O)2·2H2O]n (bpdc=.2,2'‐bipyridyl‐3,3'‐dicarboxylate). It has 2‐D (4,4) layered network extended by the tetradentate bridging ligands, further interestingly, the coordinative and lattice water molecules acting as donor and acceptor linking the uncoordinated carboxylate groups into a inorganic (6,3) network. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Microscopic studies on imperfections in selected YAB single crystals
Authors: Malicskó L. , Pogány L. , Tóth A. L. , Horváth V. , Beregi E. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe as‐grown surface and inner structures of undoped and Nd3+‐, Cr3+‐, V3+‐, Ce3+‐, Er3+ and Yb3+ – and (Er3+ + Yb3+) – doped yttrium aluminum borate (YAB) single crystals grown from (K2Mo3O10 + B2O3) flux by spontaneous crystallization or top seeded solution growth (TSSG) technique, were investigated using optical and scanning electron microscopic and analytic chemical methods. Fine and rough growth hillocks of dislocational origin, growth layers, traces of inner planar defects and foreign phase crystalline debris were found and analyzed on the as‐grown faces of crystals. Irregular grains and regular block structures and foreign phase inclusions were observed and studied in the interior of the crystals. The chemical compositions measured by energy dispersive X‐ray spectrometry on perfect and imperfect micro regions are compared with those obtained by flame atomic absorption spectrometry on bulk crystals. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Anode Catalysts for Direct Ethanol Fuel Cells Utilizing Directly Solar Light Illumination
Authors: Chu Daobao , Wang Shuxi , Zheng Peng , Wang Jian , Zha Longwu , Hou Yuanyuan , He Jianguo , Xiao Ying , Lin Huashui , Tian Zhaowu 
Published: January 2009

AbstractShine a light: A PtNiRu/TiO2anode catalyst for direct ethanol fuel cells shows photocatalytic activity. The peak current density for ethanol oxidation under solar light illumination is 2–3 times greater than that in the absence of solar light. Ethanol is oxidized by light‐generated holes, and the electrons are collected by the TiO2support to generate the oxidation current.magnified imageNovel PtNiRu/TiO2anode catalysts for direct ethanol fuel cells (DEFCs) were prepared from PtNiRu nanoparticles (1:1:1 atomic ratios) and a nanoporous TiO2film by a sol‐gel and electrodeposition method. The performances of the catalysts for ethanol oxidation were investigated by cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The results indicate a remarkable enhancement of activity for ethanol oxidation under solar light illumination. Under solar light illumination, the generated oxidation peak current density is 24.6 mA cm−2, which is about 2.5 times higher than that observed without solar light (9.9 mA cm−2). The high catalytic activity of the PtNiRu/TiO2complex catalyst for the electrooxidation of ethanol may be attributed to the modified metal/nanoporous TiO2film, and the enhanced electrooxidation of ethanol under solar light may be due to the photogeneration of holes in the modified nanoporous TiO2film.
Palladium‐Catalysed Direct 3‐ or 4‐Arylation of 2,5‐Disubstituted Pyrrole Derivatives: An Economically and Environmentally Attractive Procedure
Authors: Fall Yacoub , Doucet Henri , Santelli Maurice 
Published: January 2009

AbstractStraight to the point: The direct 3‐ or 4‐arylation of pyrrole derivatives through CH bond activation proceeds in moderate to good yields using Pd(OAc)2 as catalyst. In contrast to classical coupling procedures, the preparation of an organometallic derivative is not required and the major by‐products are AcOH/KBr instead of metallic salts.magnified image
Epithelial inclusion cyst arising in an intramammary lymph node: Case report with cytologic findings
Authors: Nakaguro Masato , Suzuki Yasuhiko , Ichihara Shu , Kobayashi Tadao K. , Ono Kenzo 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe occurrence of epithelial inclusion cysts (EIC) in axillary lymph nodes is a rare but well recognized entity, arising either from direct implantation or from embryonal rests. Theoretically, EIC can occur in intramammary lymph nodes, but there has been only one prior report of such a lesion. Here, we describe a case of an EIC arising in an intramammary lymph node of a 37‐year‐old woman. This report focuses on the FNA cytologic features of this lesion and its differential diagnoses. On FNA, the EIC arising in an intramammary lymph node was characterized by mature lymphocytes, squamous epithelial cells, and keratinizing material. The presence of squamous cells can lead to the erroneous diagnosis of more common breast lesions, such as squamous cell carcinoma or metaplastic carcinoma. Contrary to these more sinister diagnoses, EIC arising in an intramammary lymph node is a benign condition. As this rare lesion sometimes mimics a neoplasm both clinically and radiographically, awareness of this entity is important to prevent over treatment. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Electroless Plating of Nickel Nanoparticles on CdS Nanowires
Authors: Wang Le , Liu Xinzheng , Yang Min , Fan Yingju , Zhan Jinhua 
Published: January 2009

AbstractPreparation of 1D CdS‐Ni semiconductor‐magnetic nanocomposites was achieved by means of electroless plating of nickel nanoparticles on CdS nanowires. Preformed CdS nanowires with a diameter of ca. 45 nm, a length up to several tens of μm were magnetically functionalised by the hydrazine‐induced reduction of nickel chloride in ethylene glycol at 140 °C. It was found that nickel nanoparticles with a diameter of ca. 80 nm anchored on the nanowires without any surface pretreatment. Furthermore, a conversion process was detected and confirmed, something which is favourable for the nonepitaxial growth of Ni nanoparticles on CdS nanowires. The products prepared thereof were characterised in detail by XRD, TEM, HR‐TEM and EDS techniques. Magnetic property measurements show that the nanocomposites display ferromagnetic properties at room temperature.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Corundum‐Type In2O3 Urchin‐Like Nanostructures: Synthesis Derived from Orthorhombic InOOH and Application in Photocatalysis
Authors: Chen Li‐Yong , Liang Yi , Zhang Zu‐De 
Published: January 2009

AbstractA facile route was applied to synthesize indium oxyhydroxide (InOOH) with urchin‐like nanostructures through polymer‐assisted hydrolysis of the In3+ cation in water/ethanol mixed solvent. The uniform InOOH urchin‐like nanostructures are composed of nanorods with a diameter of several nanometers and a length up to 100 nm. Investigation of the effects of various reaction parameters reveals that poly(ethylene glycol)‐1000 (PEG‐1000) and reaction temperature have significant influences on the morphology of the as‐prepared products. The formation of InOOH urchin‐like nanostructures can be due to anisotropic structure and PEG‐1000 selective adsorption. By annealing the preobtained InOOH precursor at 500 °C under ambient pressure, metastable hexagonal indium oxide (H‐In2O3) urchin‐like nanostructures, inheriting the morphology of its precursor in the transformation process, were obtained. The photocatalytic activity of as‐prepared H‐In2O3 was evaluated by photodegradation of rhodamine B (RhB) dye under ultraviolet (UV) light illumination. The stability of the photocatalytic performance of H‐In2O3 urchin‐like nanostructures was investigated by circulating run tests in the photodegradation of RhB.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
One‐Step Synthesis and Characterization of SiC, Mo2C, and WC Nanostructures
Authors: Pol Vilas G. , Pol Swati V. , Gedanken Aharon 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThis review describes a novel approach for the syntheses of various carbides of silicon, tungsten, and molybdenum at a relatively low temperature by using the RAPET (Reactions under Autogenic Pressure at Elevated Temperature) process. The solvent‐, template‐free and straightforward RAPET process was used to synthesize a range of new carbide materials with or without the use of catalysts. The thermolysis of precursor(s) in a closed reactor without using additional reducing gases and the characterization of the obtained high‐surface‐area β‐SiC nanorods, micro‐ or nanosized Mo2C spheres and WC nanotubes are the key issues described. The capability of the RAPET process to fabricate nanoparticles, nanorods, and nanotubes of different carbides in a single‐step reaction is also demonstrated. By taking advantage of the achieved highest surface area (563 m2/g) of SiC, it was possible to store approximately 2 wt.‐% of H2 at room temperature and 6 MPa.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Extended Members of the Layered Rare‐Earth Hydroxide Family, RE2(OH)5NO3·nH2O (RE = Sm, Eu, and Gd): Synthesis and Anion‐Exchange Behavior
Authors: Lee Kyung‐Hee , Byeon Song‐Ho 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThree new layered rare‐earth hydroxides (LRHs), RE(OH)2.5(NO3)0.5·xH2O (RE = Gd, Eu, and Sm), have been prepared by a hydrothermal reaction. These materials correspond to the extended members of the RE2(OH)5NO3·nH2O (RE = the rare‐earth series) family. Although it has been suggested that the LRH structure seems to be kinetically favored by yttrium or (the second half of) the small rare‐earth ions, an appropriate control of pH conditions for the hydrothermal reaction could extend this family to the larger rare‐earth ions in the present study. The ion‐exchange reactions between NO3– and diverse organic anions (a series of organic carboxylates, 1‐alkanesulfonates, and alkylsulfates) were successfully carried out in the gallery of layered rare‐earth hydroxides, RE2(OH)5NO3·nH2O (RE = Gd, Eu, and Sm). The FTIR spectra of the LRH hosts and some selected organic anion‐exchanged derivatives clearly revealed the absence of nitrate and the appearance of characteristic bands attributed to carboxylate and sulfonate groups after the exchange reactions. Despite a large expansion of interlayer spacing, the layered gadolinium hydroxide and the long alkyl chain anion‐exchanged derivative showed a similar paramagnetic behavior.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Scandium‐Catalyzed Polymerization of CH3(CH2)nCH=CH2 (n = 0–4): Remarkable Activity and Tacticity Control
Authors: Ward Benjamin D. , Lukešová Lenka , Wadepohl Hubert , Bellemin‐Laponnaz Stéphane , Gade Lutz H. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe C3‐symmetric trisoxazoline‐supported scandium complex [Sc(iPr‐trisox)(CH2SiMe3)3] (2) is highly active in the stereospecific polymerization of propene, 1‐butene, 1‐pentene, 1‐hexene and 1‐heptene, when activated with two equivalents of [Ph3C][B(C6F5)4]. The polymers thus produced were found to possess narrow molecular weight distributions and high levels of tacticity control (up to 99 % mmmm). Some insight into the nature of the active species was obtained by 1H, 13C and 29Si NMR experiments. In particular, the formation of two equivalents of Ph3CCH2SiMe3 at ambient temperature was observed alongside a C3‐symmetric scandium complex tentatively assigned as the dication [Sc(iPr‐trisox)(CH2SiMe3)]2+.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
C1‐Symmetric Diphosphite Ligands Derived from Carbohydrates: Influence of Structural Modifications on the Rhodium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydroformylation of Styrene
Authors: Gual Aitor , Godard Cyril , Claver Carmen , Castillón Sergio 
Published: January 2009

AbstractNew 3,5‐diphosphite‐substituted xylofuranoside (1b, 25a,b, and 26a,b) and glucofuranoside (3a, 7a, 8a,b) ligands with C1 symmetry have been prepared and used in the Rh‐catalyzed asymmetric hydroformylation of styrene. The main structural features of these ligands are a) the presence of a 6‐O‐isopropyl group in ligands with a gluco configuration, b) the absence of 1,2‐O‐isopropylidene, a common group in many ligands with a furanoside skeleton, c) the presence of an alkyl chain bound to the 2‐OH, and d) modification of the diol in the phosphite moiety. Modification of the carbohydrate backbone and diphosphite bridge affects the activity and selectivity of the reaction. Catalytic systems with ligands 1b and 8b were not active at 40 °C, although the formation of the expected hydride species [RhH(CO)2(1b)] was demonstrated by NMR spectroscopy. The highest enantioselectivity (83 %) was obtained with the catalytic system Rh/8a. The complex [RhH(CO)2(8a)] was characterized by NMR spectroscopy using high‐pressure techniques and was shown to exist in solution as two isomers in equilibrium; the two isomers adopt an equatorial–equatorial (eq–eq) configuration. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Iron‐Catalyzed One‐Pot Oxidative Esterification of Aldehydes
Authors: Wu Xiao‐Feng , Darcel Christophe 
Published: January 2009

AbstractA highly efficient, mild, and simple protocol for Fe(ClO4)3·xH2O‐catalyzed oxidative esterification of aldehydes was developed. Several aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes reacted with simple primary and secondary alcohols, used as the solvent, smoothly in the presence of an iron salt catalyst (10 mol‐%) and hydroperoxide (4 equiv.) as an oxidant to generate the corresponding esters in good to excellent yields.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Cycloaddition Reactions of 1‐Alkyl‐3,4,5‐triphenyl‐1,2‐diphosphacyclopenta‐2,4‐dienes
Authors: Miluykov Vasili , Bezkishko Ilya , Zagidullin Almaz , Sinyashin Oleg , Lönnecke Peter , Hey‐Hawkins Evamarie 
Published: January 2009

Abstract1‐Alkyl‐3,4,5‐triphenyl‐1,2‐diphosphacyclopenta‐2,4‐dienes 1, obtained by alkylation of sodium 1,2‐diphospha‐3,4,5‐triphenylcyclopentadienide, exhibit dual reactivity in cycloaddition reactions: as dienes (with maleic anhydride and maleimide) or as dienophiles (with 2,3‐dimethylbutadiene). Thermolysis of 1 occurs with a [1,5] sigmatropic shift to form a [2+2] cyclodimerization product.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
B(OMe)3 as a Nonacidic Iminium Ion Generator in Mannich‐ and Ugi‐Type Reactions
Authors: Tanaka Yusuke , Hidaka Kousuke , Hasui Tomoaki , Suginome Michinori 
Published: January 2009

AbstractMannich‐type reactions of aldehydes with secondary amines and a ketene silyl acetal were promoted by trimethoxyborane in DMSO to afford the corresponding β‐amino esters in good yields. B(OMe)3 also promoted Ugi‐type reactions ofaldehydes with secondary amines and isocyanides in 1,2‐dichloroethane, which leads to the formation of α‐amino amides. In these reactions, trimethoxyborane serves as an inexpensive, commercially available, and virtually nonacidic iminium ion generator.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Organocatalytic Asymmetric Sulfa‐Michael Additions to α,β‐Unsaturated Sulfonates
Authors: Enders Dieter , Hoffman Krzysztof 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe reactivity of α,β‐unsaturated sulfonates and aromaticthiols in an organocatalyzed sulfa‐Michael addition was explored. Bifunctional chiral thiourea catalysts were found to promote the reaction, and the corresponding Michael adducts were afforded in moderate to good yields (24–92 %) and with moderate levels of asymmetric induction (33–64 % ee). This study represents the first use of α,β‐unsaturated sulfonates in a catalytic asymmetric Michael addition. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)