bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Ant Fauna of Danggali Conservation Park in Semi‐arid South Australia: a Comparison with Wyperfeld (Vic.) and Cape Arid (W.A.) National Parks
Authors: Andersen Alan N. , Clay Roger E. 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACTWe describe the ant fauna of Danggali Conservation Park (250 mm mean annual rainfall) in eastern South Australia, and, by comparing it with the previously published faunas of Wyperfeld National Park (400 mm) in northwestern Victoria and Cape Arid National Park (375‐575 mm) in southwestern Western Australia, present an overview of the fauna of semi‐arid southern Australia. At Danggali, ants were sampled by a total of 1,160 pitfall traps, located within 18 1‐km2plots distributed across the Park to cover a broad range of habitats and fire histories. A total of 248 species from 32 genera were collected, with the richest genera beingCamponotus(51 species),Melophorus(37),Iridomyrmex(29), andMonomorium(24). Overall generic composition was very similar to that at both Wyperfeld and Cape Arid, but the representation of Bassian species‐groups was substantially lower at Danggali (19% of total species) than at either Wyperfeld (35%) or Cape Arid (30%), and this was offset by a higher contribution by Eyrean taxa (39% at Danggali, compared with 30% at Wyperfeld and 28% at Cape Arid). Ten genera or species‐groups were recorded at Danggali but at neither Wyperfeld or Cape Arid; four of these have Eyrean distributions (thetyloxysgroup ofRhytidoponera, theagilisandviridigastergroups ofIridomyrmex, and theaeneovirensgroup ofMelophorus), and four are Torresian taxa (Anochetus, Odontomachus, Calomyrmex, andPolyrhachis gravisgroup). The functional group profiles of the three faunas are very similar, particularly with respect to Dominant Dolichoderinae (10‐12% of total species), Subordinate Camponotini (20‐25%), Opportunists (8‐10%) and Generalised Myrmicinae (10‐11%). Altogether, about 440 species have been recorded from the three locations.
Effect of Temperature Regimes on the Development, Survival and Emergence of Culicoides brevitarsis Kieffer (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) in Bovine Dung
Authors: BISHOP A. L. , MCKENZIE H. J. , BARCHIA I. M. , HARRIS A. M. 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACT Culicoides brevitursis is a biting midge and a vector of several viruses affecting livestock in Australia. An emergence chamber for collecting Culicoides spp. from dung was evaluated to determine its suitability for the study of C. brevitursis developing in dung at different temperatures in the laboratory. It enabled experiments to be carried out in the natural breeding medium, relative humidity to be maintained at high levels and temperature through the dung to be stabilised at treatment temperatures relatively quickly. C. brevitursis emerged within a temperature range of 17°C to 36°C with the greatest numbers between 25°C and 36°C. Males were dominant at low temperatures and females were dominant at high temperatures. Development times (to 50% emergence from deposition of the dung) and response times (to 50% emergence after starting to emerge) were least at the highest temperatures. Development times at the same temperature differed between experiments and this was associated with the temperature in the field before the dung was placed at a temperature treatment. Some survival occurred outside the 17°C to 36°C range, but emergence was dependent on the temperature eventually being changed to a more suitable level. The approximate lower threshold for emergence was about 17°C. At this temperature, numbers emerging were low, development was delayed significantly and none survived for more than 50 d. High numbers of adults started to emerge within 24 h from dung held at 17°C for up to 42 d from the deposition of the dung when the temperature was raised to 25°C or 28°C. The results support field temperature data and were used in predicting the areas that may be free of the vector.
A New Species of Schizomyia Kieffer (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) on Rubber Vine and Other Asclepiadaceae in Madagascar
Authors: GAGNÉ RAYMOND J. , MAROHASY JENNIFER 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACTA new species of gall midge, Schizomyia cryptostegiae Gagné, that forms leaf and bud galls on Cryptostegia grandiflora in Madagascar is described and its biology summarised. the gall midge is a candidate for the biological control of C. grandiflora in northern Queensland, Australia.
Oviposition Behaviour and Reproductive Performance of Trichogramma australicum Girault (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) Reared in Artificial Diet
Authors: NURINDAH  , GORDH GORDON , CRIBB BRONWEN W. 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACTBiotypes of Trichogramma australicum were reared on artificial diet “A”, Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (natural host) eggs and Sitotroga cerealella (Olivier) (factitious host) eggs. We evaluated the quality of these biotypes by comparing their oviposition behaviour and reproductive performance on H. armigera eggs. Female T. australicum reared in vitro accepted H. armigera eggs for oviposition and displayed similar behavioural components of oviposition to females reared on natural hosts. However, handling time during oviposition in H. armigera eggs by females from in vitro rearing was significantly longer than handling time of females reared on the natural host because the females needed a significantly longer time for host feeding. In vitro reared females produced significantly more progeny and parasitised more H. armigera eggs than the females reared on S. cerealella. Improvements to the artificial diet for T. australicum may reduce handling time of the in vitro reared females and increase the female population. These improvements may include changes in nutrient content and size of the artificial eggs.
Revision of the Neozeleboria cryptoides species group of thynnine wasps (Hymenoptera: Tiphiidae): Pollinators of native orchids
Authors: Brown GR 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe Neozeleboria cryptoides group is defined for N. cryptoides (Smith) and N. flavicoxa sp. n., N. rarum sp. n., N. rufum sp. n., N. tabulata sp. n. and N. usitatum sp. n. from south‐eastern Australia, and a key to males of these species given. Brief discussions are given on the group's relationship to other species of the genus, and on the generic relationships of Neozeleboria including Aulacothynnus Turner, which is synonymised with Neozeleboria Rohwer. A diagnosis for Neozeleboria is given and a key provided to distinguish several closely related genera. the almost unknown biology of Australian Thynninae is briefly reviewed with emphasis on the genus Neozeleboria and its role in the pollination of terrestrial orchids. Comments are made on the distribution of the species of Neozeleboria.
How many queens are there in mature colonies of the green ant, Oecophylla smaragdina (Fabricius)?
Authors: Peng RK , Christian K , Gibb K 
Published: April 2007

AbstractIn an ongoing study of the green ant, Oecophylla smaragdina (Fabricius), to control insect pests, we surveyed newly established ant colonies in a 3‐year‐old mango block in March 1997 at Howard Springs, Northern Territory. We also surveyed 12 established ant colonies from May to July 1997 in Darwin, and six of them were surveyed again in February 1998. the aims were to determine patterns of initial colonisation by dealate queens of O. smaragdina and to locate the queen ant nest in established colonies of the ant. the number of dealate queens in new communal nests varied from one to 15. In a total of 73 nests, 71% of nests contained more than one dealate queen and 12% of nests contained segments or corpses of dealate queens, which were either parasitised by a fungus or killed by predators. This confirms that pleometrosis during the initial establishment of a colony is very common in O. smaragdina, and suggests that natural enemies affect the success of initial colonisation. of 12 established green ant colonies, 10 colonies with two to six queens were all in one nest, and only two colonies had one queen. In those colonies with multiple queens, we found that each queen was almost equally attractive to the major workers. Contrary to previous reports, these data suggest that pleometrosis in O. smaragdina during the initial period of colony establishment can lead to polygyny in mature colonies. This is the first time that polygyny has been documented in mature colonies of O. smaragdina.
Australian net‐winged midges of the tribe Apistomyiini (Diptera: Blephariceridae)
Authors: Zwick Peter 
Published: April 2007

AbstractA taxonomic treatment of the Australian net‐winged midges (Diptera: Blephariceridae) of the tribe Apistomyiini is presented. Characters supporting the monophyly of the tribe are described and illustrated. New taxa are Theischingeria rieki gen. et sp. nov., Parapistomyia mueller sp. nov. and Parapistomyia bulbifera barringtoniana ssp. nov., bringing the total number of Australian Apistomyiini to eight species and subspecies in four genera. the New Guinean Curupirina papuana Zwick and Hortle is transferred to the Australian genus Parapistomyia Zwick; its adult and pupa are described. A morphocline between the two Australian species of Apistomyia is described. New keys to larvae, pupae and adults of all Australian Apistomyiini are presented. the phylogenetic relationships within the tribe are discussed.
EFFECT OF WAVEFORM ON CORROSION FATIGUE CRACK GROWTH
Authors: KAWAI S. , KOIBUCHI K. 
Published: April 2007

Abstract
A study was made on the effects of stress rise time T1, maximum stress holding time T2, stress decreasing time T3 and minimum stress holding time T4 of a cycle on fatigue crack growth for a low alloy carbon steel in 3% NaCl solution. Measurements of the effective stress intensity range ratio U and observations of crack tip response were performed to clarify the causes of waveform effects.The results were summarized as follows; T1 had a strong accelerating effect due to corrosive dissolution of the fresh surfaces of the crack which were formed during T1. The crack growth rate was enhanced as T1 increased and reached a constant value (about 3 times that in air) after T1= 10s. The crack growth rate at low ΔK, however, decreased as T1 increased more than T1= 1 s. T2, T3 and T4 decreased the crack growth rate. The extent of decrease not only depended on the period of T2 (or T3, T4), but also on ΔK and T1. A previously derived crack growth law which considered waveform and frequency effects, is also valid to a first approximation for the present results.
Bacterial taxa abundance pattern in an industrial wastewater treatment system determined by the full rRNA cycle approach
Authors: Figuerola Eva L. M. , Erijman Leonardo 
Published: April 2007

SummaryThe description of the diversity and structure of microbial communities through quantification of the constituent populations is one of the major objectives in environmental microbiology. The implications of models for community assembly are practical as well as theoretical, because the extent of biodiversity is thought to influence the function of ecosystems. Current attempts to predict species diversity in different environments derive the numbers of individuals for each operational taxonomic unit (OTU) from the frequency of clones in 16S rDNA gene libraries, which are subjected to a number of inherent biases and artefacts. We show that diversity of the bacterial community present in a complex microbial ensemble can be estimated by fitting the data of the full‐cycle rRNA approach to a model of species abundance distribution. Sequences from a 16S rDNA gene library from activated sludge were reliably assigned to OTUs at a genetic distance of 0.04. A group of 17 newly designed rRNA‐targeted oligonucleotide probes were used to quantify by fluorescence in situ hybridization, OTUs represented with more than three clones in the 16S rDNA clone library. Cell abundance distribution was best described by a geometric series, after the goodness of fit was evaluated by the Kolmogorov‐Smirnov test. Although a complete mechanistic understanding of all the ecological processes involved is still not feasible, describing the distribution pattern of a complex bacterial assemblage model can shed light on the way bacterial communities operate.
Prevalence of depression and diabetes: a population‐based study from rural Bangladesh
Authors: Asghar S. , Hussain A. , Ali S. M. K. , Khan A. K. A. , Magnusson A. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractAims  To determine the extent of depressive symptoms in a rural community of Bangladesh and its association with newly recognized diabetes.Methods  Depressive symptoms were assessed in 184 newly diagnosed diabetic subjects and 768 randomly selected individuals without diabetes. The Montogomery and Aasberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) was used to assess depressive symptoms. A structured interview was performed to obtain socio‐demographic and economic information and anthropometric measures were collected. Fasting plasma glucose was measured by the HemoCue glucose analyser.Results  Twenty‐nine percent of male and 30.5% of female participants with diabetes and 6.0% of male and 14.6% of female subjects without diabetes had depressive symptoms rating ≥ 20 on the MADRS. An association between depressive symptoms and diabetes was found (P < 0.01). After controlling for potential confounding factors including age, gender, fasting plasma glucose > 7.0 mmol/l and waist–hip ratio, the association of depression with diabetes remained significant.Conclusions  An unexpectedly high level of unrecognized depressive symptoms was found in the general rural population of Bangladesh. These are among the first data to suggest that depressive symptoms in this culture are common, especially in women. Depression is particularly common in those with diabetes. Psychiatric intervention may be necessary in addition to lifestyle changes to prevent the exponential increase in the occurrence of Type 2 diabetes. In addition, a common approach including psychiatric treatment in diabetes care may be necessary to achieve improved glycaemic control in this population.
A double‐blind randomized study comparing the effects of continuing or not continuing rosiglitazone + metformin therapy when starting insulin therapy in people with Type 2 diabetes1
Authors: Home P. D. , Bailey C. J. , Donaldson J. , Chen H. , Stewart M. W. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractAims  To compare the efficacy and safety of either continuing or discontinuing rosiglitazone + metformin fixed‐dose combination when starting insulin therapy in people with Type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on oral therapy.Methods  In this 24‐week double‐blind study, 324 individuals with Type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on maximum dose rosiglitazone + metformin therapy were randomly assigned to twice‐daily premix insulin therapy (target pre‐breakfast and pre‐evening meal glucose ≤ 6.5 mmol/l) in addition to either rosiglitazone + metformin (8/2000 mg) or placebo.Results  Insulin dose at week 24 was significantly lower with rosiglitazone + metformin (33.5 ± 1.5 U/day, mean ± se) compared with placebo [59.0 ± 3.0 U/day; model‐adjusted difference −26.6 (95% CI −37.7, −15,5) U/day, P < 0.001]. Despite this, there was greater improvement in glycaemic control [HbA1c rosiglitazone + metformin vs. placebo 6.8 ± 0.1 vs. 7.5 ± 0.1%; difference −0.7 (−0.8, −0.5)%, P < 0.001] and more individuals achieved glycaemic targets (HbA1c < 7.0% 70 vs. 34%, P < 0.001). The proportion of individuals reporting at least one hypoglycaemic event during the last 12 weeks of treatment was similar in the two groups (rosiglitazone + metformin vs. placebo 25 vs. 27%). People receiving rosiglitazone + metformin in addition to insulin reported greater treatment satisfaction than those receiving insulin alone. Both treatment regimens were well tolerated but more participants had oedema [12 (7%) vs. 4 (3%)] and there was more weight gain [3.7 vs. 2.6 kg; difference 1.1 (0.2, 2.1) kg, P = 0.02] with rosiglitazone + metformin.Conclusions  Addition of insulin to rosiglitazone + metformin enabled more people to reach glycaemic targets with less insulin, and was generally well tolerated.
Breastfeeding habits in families with Type 1 diabetes
Authors: Hummel S. , Winkler C. , Schoen S. , Knopff A. , Marienfeld S. , Bonifacio E. , Ziegler A. G. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractAims  Breastfeeding is acknowledged to be beneficial for child development. Women with diabetes may be more likely not to breastfeed their children because of neonatal morbidity and instability in diabetes control. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of maternal Type 1 diabetes on breastfeeding habits.Methods  Full breastfeeding and any breastfeeding were reported in the first year of life in 1560 children born in Germany between 1989 and 2004. Of those, 997 children had a mother with Type 1 diabetes, and the remaining 563 children had a father or sibling with Type 1 diabetes.Results  Fewer children of mothers with Type 1 diabetes were breastfed than children of non‐diabetic mothers (77 vs. 86%; P < 0.0001) and, amongst breastfed children, there was a shorter duration of full breastfeeding (12 vs. 17 weeks; P < 0.0001) and any breastfeeding (20 vs. 26 weeks, P < 0.0001) in children of mothers with Type 1 diabetes compared with children of non‐diabetic mothers. Other factors associated with reduced frequency and duration of breastfeeding were pre‐term delivery (P < 0.0001), young maternal age (P < 0.0001), and firstborn children (P < 0.0001). After stratification for each of these factors, breastfeeding remained significantly less frequent and of less duration in children of mothers with Type 1 diabetes as compared with children of non‐diabetic mothers.Conclusions  Mothers with Type 1 diabetes breastfeed their children less than international recommendations. Counselling to increase frequency and duration of breastfeeding may be warranted in this population.
No evidence for increased self‐reported cognitive failure in Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes: a cross‐sectional study
Authors: Wessels A. M. , Pouwer F. , Geelhoed‐Duijvestijn P. H. L. M. , Snel M. , Kostense P. J. , Scheltens P. , Heine R. J. , Snoek F.J. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractAims  Mild cognitive deficits have been determined in both types of diabetes using neurocognitive tests. Little is known about the degree to which patients complain about their cognitive functioning. This study set out to investigate the magnitude and correlates of self‐reported cognitive failure in adult out‐patients with Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes.Methods  Subjective cognitive functioning was measured in 187 diabetic patients using the Cognitive Failures Questionnaire (CFQ). Demographic and clinical characteristics were retrieved from the medical records. The Patient Health Questionnaire 9 items (PHQ‐9) was self‐administered along with the CFQ to correct for the confounding effect of depression.Results  Analyses were based on 55 patients with Type 1 diabetes and 100 patients with Type 2 diabetes. No difference in mean CFQ score was observed between Type 1 and Type 2 diabetic patients or between Type 1 diabetic patients and healthy control subjects. Female patients with Type 2 diabetes reported significantly fewer cognitive complaints compared with female healthy control subjects. None of the demographic variables and diabetes‐related complications was associated with subjective cognitive complaints. A strong positive association was found between depression symptomatology and frequency of self‐reported cognitive failure.Conclusions  Our study could not confirm elevated subjective cognitive complaints in a group of Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes patients, as might be expected given the observed elevated rates of mild cognitive dysfunction in patients with diabetes. Self‐reported cognitive failure appears largely determined by depressive symptomatology. Therefore, affective status should be included in any cognitive assessment procedure.
The Bank of France and the control and supervision of credit
Authors: Fournier H. 
Published: April 2007

SOMMAIREHistorical background: I. The traditional aspects of the Bank of France's role in the control and supervision of credit. — A. The discount rate. — B. The provision of rediscount facilities. — 1. Acceptability of signatures for discount purposes. — 2. Acceptability of bills for discount. — (a) Period of maturing. — (b) Guarantees required. — (c) The nature of bills. — (i) commercial paper. — (ii) financial bills. — C. Intervention in the money market. — II. The Bank of France and the contral and supervision of credit today: (a) Rates of interest charged. — (b) The selective control of credit. — 1. Authorisation of credit. — 2. Special measures. — (c) The quantitative restriction of creldit. — 1. The use of assets. — (a) Investment in Treasury bonds. — (b) Liquidity ratios. — 2. Regulations concerning the Bank's resources. — (a) Minimum capital. — (b) The fixing of rediscount ceilings by the Rank of France. — Conclusion.
LARGE FIRMS AND PRICE CONTROL
Authors: Knox F. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYWith the increase in the rate of inflation in recent years, most economists have probably come to accept the need for price control, even though they might oppose it in more normal circumstances. However the view is still very wide‐ spread ‐among economists and probably among politicians and the general public – that for an effective system of price control to exist, it is only necessary to control the prices charged by large firms. It is believed that smaller firms will then follow suit, either because they are forced to by the competition of large firms or for some other reason. Recent experience in the U.K. seems to refute this thesis conclusively. It is in the sectors in which small firms predominate that prices rose most rapidly during the two or three years preceding the imposition of price control; this has continued since price control was imposed in November 1972. No explanation of this is attempted, but it is argued that if price control is to be effective it must be extended to all firms irrespective of size. This would raise administrative problems, but it is suggested that these could be dealt with. The character of inflation, like other aspects of the economic situation, can change rapidly. It is possible that with the introduction of the three‐day week in British industry in February 1974 (as a consequence of the miners’strike) and the continued rise in import prices (especially the price of oil) the high profits which characterised the years 1971, 1972 and 1973 in Britain will prove to be temporary. However the basic point remains. During these years, the rise in profits added significantly to the increase in retail prices, and this rise took place not only in sectors where large firms are found but also in sectors characterised by the predominance of small and medium‐size firms.
NON‐CORPORATE SECTOR FINANCE AND FINANCING OF SMALL INDUSTRIES IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: THE NIGERIAN EXPERIENCE
Authors: Diaku Ikwuakam 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThis paper attempts to report the author's findings regarding the role of the non‐corporate sector in providing investment finance for small‐scale industries in Nigeria, through co‐operative efforts.It specially underlines the role of indigenous social organizations and group relations in solving the economic problems of a developing economy which places emphasis on industrial development.Though these sources provide short‐term consumption finance, they certainly constitute an inadequate source of long‐term finance for industry in a situation where the importance of small‐scale industry development is officially greatly emphasized, and existing financial institutions are designed to serve only the financial needs of large industrial enterprises.The role of government in the context of the dilemma of the small‐scale entrepreneur is examined and suggestions made for improvements. The paper reflects what is probably the experience of many developing countries trying to industrialize.