bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cellular Expression Levels of the Vitamin D Receptor Are Critical to Its Transcriptional Regulation by the Pituitary Transcription Factor Pit-1
Authors: Seoane Samuel , Ben Isabel , Centeno Viviana , Perez-Fernandez Roman 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe biological role of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 has generally been related to calcium homeostasis, but this hormone also has fundamental effects on processes of cellular proliferation and differentiation. The genomic actions of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 are mediated by the vitamin D receptor (VDR) present in target cells. However, VDR transcriptional regulation is not well understood, probably attributable to the complexity of the VDR gene and its promoter. In the present study, it is demonstrated that administration of the pituitary transcription factor Pit-1 (originally found in the pituitary gland but also present in other nonpituitary cell types and tissues) to the MCF-7 (human breast adenocarcinoma) cell line induces a significant increase in VDR mRNA and protein levels. Conversely, Pit-1-targeted small interference RNA markedly reduced expression of VDR in MCF-7 cells. Reporter gene assays demonstrated that the effect of Pit-1 is mediated by its binding to a region located between −254 and −246 bp from the VDR transcription start site. Selective mutations of this site completely abolished VDR transcription. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis showed that binding of Pit-1 to the VDR promoter leads additionally to recruitment of cAMP response element-binding protein binding protein, acetylated histone H4, and RNA polymerase II. Surprisingly, Pit-1 binding also recruits VDR protein to the VDR promoter. Using several cell lines with different levels of VDR expression, it was demonstrated that up-regulation of VDR transcription by Pit-1 is dependent on the presence of VDR protein, suggesting that transcriptional expression of VDR in a given cell type is dependent on, among other factors, its own expression levels.
Assuming exponential decay by incorporating viscous damping improves the prediction of the coeffcient of friction in pendulum tests of whole articular joints
Authors: Crisco J J , Blume J , Teeple E , Fleming B C , Jay G D 
Published: April 2007

A pendulum test with a whole articular joint serving as the fulcrum is commonly used to measure the bulk coefficient of friction (COF). In such tests it is universally assumed that energy loss is due to frictional damping only, and accordingly the decay of pendulum amplitude is linear with time. The purpose of this work was to determine whether the measurement of the COF is improved when viscous damping and exponential decay of pendulum amplitude are incorporated into a lumped-parameter model. Various pendulum models with a range of values for COF and for viscous damping were constructed. The resulting decay was fitted with an exponential function (including both frictional and viscous damping) and with a linear decay function (frictional damping only). The values predicted from the fit of each function were then compared to the known values. It was found that the exponential decay function was able to predict the COF values within 2 per cent error. This error increased for models in which the damping coefficient was relatively small and the COF was relatively large. On the other hand, the linear decay function resulted in large errors in the prediction of the COF, even for small values of viscous damping. The exponential decay function including both frictional and constant viscous damping presented herein dramatically increased the accuracy of measuring the COF in a pendulum test of modelled whole articular joints.
The Role of Vildagliptin in the Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Kleppinger Erika L , Helms Kristen 
Published: April 2007

Objective: To highlight the role of incretin hormones in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus with a focus on vildagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV) inhibitor currently in development. Data Sources: Searches were conducted in MEDLINE (1950–April 2007) and International Pharmaceutical Abstracts (1970–April 2007) using the key words vildagliptin, LAF237, and dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor. Additional data were obtained from abstracts presented at the American Diabetes Association Scientific Sessions (2003–2006) and from the manufacturer. Study Selection and Data Extraction: Articles pertaining to the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, safety, and efficacy of vildagliptin for the treatment of type 2 diabetes were reviewed for inclusion. When available, human trials were included over animal studies. Data Synthesis: Reduced incretin effect is thought to be associated with type 2 diabetes. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), an incretin hormone, stimulates postprandial insulin release; however, it is rapidly degraded by DPP IV. Studies evaluating the use of vildagliptin in patients with type 2 diabetes found significant decreases in DPP IV and increased GLP-1 activity 45 minutes after dosing. Glucagon levels were reduced, with little to no change in insulin levels. With vildagliptin doses ranging from 25 mg daily to 100 mg twice daily, researchers observed consistent reductions in fasting plasma glucose, 4 hour postprandial glucose, and hemoglobin A1c. Similar benefits were seen when vildagliptin was used in combination with metformin. Vildagliptin was well tolerated after 12 weeks; however, incidences of hypoglycemia increased with longer study duration. Optimal results with minimal adverse effects were achieved with 25 mg twice daily and 50 mg once daily doses. Conclusions: Vildagliptin represents a safe and effective new approach to targeting GLP-1 deficiencies in patients with type 2 diabetes by inhibiting DPP IV.
Internal contrast and double decoding: Transitivity in Hughes's “On the Road”
Authors: Shen Dan 
Published: April 2007

Abstract
There have appeared, over the past thirty years or so, numerous stylistic investigations on transitivity, which tend to focus on the contrast between different types of transitivity process. This article, however, directs attention to how a literary writer creates a thematically-motivated contrast within the same (sub-)type of transitivity process. The case chosen for illustration is Langston Hughes's “On the Road” (1952). It is argued that such an internal contrast may, by way of semantic reorganization, change the nature of certain transitivity processes on a deeper level, and further, that the functioning of such context-determined deeper-level meaning, which interacts with the conventional surface meaning, depends on double decoding. Based on the analysis, the present study offers a comparison between stylistic analysis and literary criticism to help to show the usefulness of the former in advancing literary interpretation.
Mashups: Strukturelle Eigenschaften und Herausforderungen von End-User Development im Web 2.0 (Mashups: Structural Characteristics and Challenges of End-User Development in Web 2.0)
Authors: Novak Jasminko , Voigt Benjamin J.J. 
Published: April 2007

Abstract
Mashups sind Web-basierte Anwendungen die Inhalte und Funktionalitäten von unterschiedlichen Onlinequellen über öffentlich verfügbare Schnittstellen verbinden (z.B. API, RSS). Mashup-Technologien versetzen Benutzer in die Lage, selbst neue Webseiten zu erstellen, die Daten und Dienste von unterschiedlichen Anbietern kombinieren. Die Webseite Programmable Web weist hin auf mehr als 800 solcher Anwendungen. Trotz der grossen Dynamik der “Mashup Bewegung”, gibt es bislang kaum Arbeiten, welche die strukturellen Eigenschaften, Designdimensionen und sozio-technischen Implikationen von Mashups analysieren. In diesem Beitrag wird ein konzeptuelles Rahmenwerk zur Analyse und Evaluierung von Mashups vorgeschlagen und in einer explorativen Studie angewandt. Die Studienergebnisse identifi-zieren die aktuellen Trends und ein dominantes Design-Modell erfolgreicher Mashups sowie kritische Aspekte, Limitationen und Chancen zukünftiger Entwicklung.
Modellbasierte Entwicklung von Web 2.0-Anwendungen mit MDA™ (Model-Based Development of Web 2.0 Applications with MDA)
Authors: Petrasch Roland 
Published: April 2007

Abstract
Modellbasierte Software-Entwicklung wie die Model Driven Architecture der OMG eignet sich für Anwendungssysteme, bei denen die fachliche Essenz von den technischen Details zu trennen und dabei ein hoher Grad an Automatisierung erwünscht ist, denn die Vermischung von fachlichen Aspekten (Anwendersicht) mit den implementationsspezifischen Details (Entwicklersicht) erschwert (nicht nur) bei Web 2.0 die Wartbarkeit, Wiederverwendbarkeit und Portabilität der Software. Modellbasierte Software-Entwicklung ermöglicht den Austausch von Technologien bzw. Plattformen – unter Beibehaltung der fachlichen Modelle. Dieser Beitrag zeigt an einem einfachen Beispiel, wie aus einer „alten” Web-Anwendung eine Software unter Verwendung von AJAX für das Web 2.0 entstehen kann, ohne dass eine komplette Neuentwicklung stattfindet.
Wie kommt das „social” ins soziale Netz? (How Does the “Social” Get Into the Social Web?)
Authors: Hatscher Michael 
Published: April 2007

Abstract
Die Veränderung vom reinen Konsumenten-Web der ersten Generation zum „Mitmach”-Web der zweiten Generation bringt neue Dienste hervor mit Möglichkeiten, aber auch Risiken. Verschiedene Dienste werden vorgestellt und ein Modell zur Erklärung des aktiven Nutzerverhaltens im Web 2.0 wird skizziert.
Kooperation und Kollaboration mit Web 2.0 (Cooperation and Collaboration with Web 2.0)
Authors: Döbler Thomas 
Published: April 2007

Abstract
Neben der Verbesserung der Kommunikation durch Social Software haben Unternehmen große Hoffnungen, mittels neuer Web 2.0-Anwendungen die wissensbasierte Zusammenarbeit in und zwischen Gruppen vereinfachen und verbessern zu können. Der grandiose Erfolg von in freier und freiwilliger Zusammenarbeit erstellten Wissensplattformen im Web beflügelt die Phantasie von Unternehmen: Nicht nur das in den Köpfen der Mitarbeiter vorhandene Wissen erhofft man z.B. mit unternehmensinternen Wikis heben zu können, sondern mehr noch, dass die Mitarbeiter darüber in einen kollaborativen Wissensaustausch einsteigen und beispielsweise die Texte anderer verbessern, korrigieren, erweitern, neue Sichtweisen einbringen, so dass damit letztlich neues Wissen und neue Ideen generiert werden – zum Nutzen von Unternehmen und Mitarbeiter. Der nachfolgende Beitrag konzentriert sich in der Diskussion auf den unternehmensinternen Einsatz von Social Software. Der Einsatz von Social Software zur Kooperation und Kollaboration zwischen Unternehmen wird nur beiläufig gestreift.
Ein nachrichtendienstliches Versagen. Die Amerikaner und die kommunistische Machtergreifung in der Tschechoslowakei 1948
Authors: Lukes Igor 
Published: April 2007

Vorspann
Die Amerikaner sahen nichts und hörten nichts, als sich 1947/48 der kommunistische Umsturz in Prag anbahnte. Dabei waren sie in der tschechoslowakischen Hauptstadt mit ganzen Heerscharen von Geheimdienstagenten vertreten. Woher rührte dieses Versagen? Igor Lukes zeigt, dass die amerikanischen Agenten in Prag auf großem Fuß lebten und ausgezeichnete Beziehungen zur besseren Gesellschaft in Politik, Militär und Bürokratie unterhielten – und dass sie dabei den Kontakt zum Wirklichkeitsleben verloren, das in zunehmendem Maße die Kommunisten bestimmten.
Hitler und die „Gleichschaltung“ der Bayreuther Festspiele. Ausnahmezustand, Umdeutung und sozialer Wandel einer Kulturinstitution 1933–1934
Authors: Stunz Holger R. 
Published: April 2007

Vorspann
1933 blieben in Bayreuth die ausländischen Besucher aus, die Familie Wagner sah finanziell schweren Zeiten entgegen. Was tun? Sollte sie Hilfe von Hitler erbitten und sich damit den ideologischen und ästhetischen Vorgaben der Nationalsozialisten beugen? Oder weiter an ihrer künstlerischen Freiheit festhalten? Winifred Wagner wählte einen Mittelweg, den es in der Realität freilich nicht gab. Holger R. Stunz zeigt, wohin er führte und wie die Festspiele nach 1933 ihren Charakter änderten.
Die Zukunft der Arbeitsgesellschaft. Soziologische Deutungen in zeithistorischer Perspektive
Authors: Sauer Dieter 
Published: April 2007

Vorspann
Geht der Arbeitsgesellschaft wirklich die Arbeit aus, wie Hannah Arendt meinte, und erfüllt sich tatsächlich der alte Menschheitstraum von weniger arbeiten und länger leben? Der renommierte Arbeitssoziologe Dieter Sauer kann zeigen, dass mit solchen Schlagwörtern wenig gewonnen ist. Von einem Ende der Arbeitsgesellschaft, so Sauer, könne keine Rede sein. Richtig sei aber, dass sie radikalen Umwälzungsprozessen ausgesetzt sei, die den betroffenen Gesellschaften große Anpassungsleistungen abverlangten, zugleich aber – Stichwort „neue Autonomie in der Arbeit“ – auch viele Chancen eröffneten.
Genotoxic effects of albendazole in patients medicated for cystic echinococcosis
Authors: Nuray Altintas , Orenay S. , Reyhan E. , Turk M. , Asci M. , Turel S. , Yolasigmaz A. , Nazmiye Altintas 
Published: April 2007

Abstract
Cystic echinococcosis (CE) due to Echinococcus granulosus is one of the most important helminthic diseases in Turkey where it constitutes a public health and economic problems. Its mean annual incidence in humans is 4.4/100 000 and the prevalence of the tapeworm agent in domestic animals ranges from 11.2 to 50.7 %. Since 1980s, albendazole has been used for treatment of the disease, and this benzimidazole drug has been considered to be of relatively low toxicity. However, prolonged albendazole therapy of CE became to be a common practice, and data on possible genotoxic effects of the medication in humans are lacking. This study has concerned 17 women and 11 men, in total 28 patients with liver cystic hydatid complaints, who were administered albendazole (15 mg/kg) preoperatively (2 weeks) and postoperatively (6 months). Genotoxic effects of albendazole were searched using Sister Chromatid Exchange (SCE), mitotic index (MI) and chromosomal aberations (CAs) methods, comparing lymphocyte chromosomes of treated patients and a control group of healthy individuals. The results indicated a significant increase of SCE frequencies and decrease of MI in the treated group (p < 0.001). Regarding CAs, any difference between the groups was not determined.
Monogenoidean parasites of fishes associated with coral reefs in the Ras Mohammed National Park, Egypt: preliminary results
Authors: Galli P. , Benzoni F. , Strona G. , Stefani F. , Kritsky D. 
Published: April 2007

Abstract
A parasitological survey of the monogenoids of 14 species of common fishes associated with the local coral reefs of the Ras Mohammed National Park, National Parks of Egypt South Sinai Sector, Egypt, was carried out from May 2003 to May 2005. The monogenoids collected during the survey included 17 species: 8 previously described species, 7 new species in established genera, and 2 new species belonging to new genera.
Determination of B-Type Natriuretic Peptides: Clinical And Analytical Quality
Authors: Kovačević Radmila , Mirić Milutin 
Published: April 2007

Determination of B-Type Natriuretic Peptides: Clinical And Analytical QualityB-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), a neurohormone synthesized in the cardiac ventricles, is released as preproBNP and then enzymatically cleaved to the N-terminal-proBNP (NT-proBNP) and BNP upon ventricular myocite stretch. This hormone has a role in the body's defense against hypertension and plasma volume expansion. Measurements of circulating B-type natriuretic peptides have been shown to be of diagnostic value in patients with heart failure. BNP levels correlate with the severity of heart failure, as well as with prognosis. Better control of the preanalytical and analytical sources of variations will undoubtedly lead to improvement in B-type natriuretic peptides measurements. A number of preanalytical and analytical factors including specimen type and stability, assay imprecision, and standardization are reviewed here. Further research is required to better define the performance characteristics necessary for assays bearing the designation natriuretic peptides. These characteristics include developing guidelines for the total analytical error from a careful review of the intraindividual biological variability of the analyte under conditions that will be encountered in clinical practice, then validating these guidelines in the clinical setting, and completing the standardization efforts.
The Influence of Type And Duration of Cardiovascular Complications On Antioxidative Parameter Values In Type 2 Diabetic Patients
Authors: Čolak Emina , Dimitrijević-Srećković Vesna , Đorđević Predrag , Stanković Sanja , Majkić-Singh Nada , Lalić Katarina , Lalić Nebojša 
Published: April 2007

The Influence of Type And Duration of Cardiovascular Complications On Antioxidative Parameter Values In Type 2 Diabetic Patients
It is well established that type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with highly increased risk of coronary heart disease, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and total mortality. CVD is the leading cause of death of people with diabetes. The aim of our study was to test the effect of type and duration of cardiovascular complications on antioxidant parameter values: superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR) and total antioxidant status in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and manifested cardiovascular complications. Out of 100 subjects included in the study, 69 subjects were type 2 diabetic patients with cardiovascular complications and 31 age-matched controls. Statistical data processing revealed significantly lower antioxidant defense (p<0.001) in patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular complications manifested as coronary artery disease (CAD), hypertension (HTA) and myocardial infarction experienced in the previous 8 years (AMI). The type 2 diabetics with longer history of diabetes and coronary artery disease had higher fasting glucose values, higher GR activity, but lower TAS and SOD activity (p<0.05). Fasting glucose levels were in negative correlation with SOD and GPx activities in the subgroups of diabetics with severe cardiovascular complications (CAD+AMI, CAD+AMI+ HTA) (p<0.05).
Insulin-Like Growth Factors (Igfs) And Their Binding Proteins (Igfbps) As Biomarkers of Catabolism
Authors: Nedić Olgica , Nikolić Judith , Malenković Vesna , Baričević-Jones Ivona 
Published: April 2007

Insulin-Like Growth Factors (Igfs) And Their Binding Proteins (Igfbps) As Biomarkers of Catabolism
The life of an organism depends on its capacity to maintain equilibrium. Disease induces acute adaptive responses specific to the stimulus and the organism achieves stability through change. These changes are associated with increased growth hormone resistance and activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, altered insulin response and cytokine synthesis and, closely related to all these events, alteration of the complex system interrelating insulin-like growth factors (IGFs), IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs) and their receptors. This review aims to provide an overview of the results obtained in our laboratory from studies of the IGF system in patients with metabolic disturbances caused by infection, hepatobiliary and gastrointestinal diseases, open or laparoscopic surgery and postoperative sepsis.
Comparison of Two Commercial Cyclosporin Assays
Authors: Vučeljić Marina , Lalić Nataša , Mijušković Zoran , Pejović Janko 
Published: April 2007

Comparison of Two Commercial Cyclosporin Assays
A new Dade Behring Cyclosporin A (CsA) assay has been made commercially accessible recently. The aim of this study was to examine the analytical performance of this assay and the correlation with the Abbott Diagnostics assay. The accuracy and precision within-run were good, but precision between-run slightly exceeded the manufacturer's recommendation on one quality-control material. Dade Behring CsA whole blood results from the kidney recipients (n = 104) were lower (p<0.001) than the Abbott results. The correlation between these two assays was significant (y = -15.61 + 0.751x; r= 0.974; p<0.001). Dade Behring CsA assay demonstrates adequate performance characteristics for routine clinical use and the main advantage is the full automatization without the need for samples pretreatment.
Activities of Proximal Tubule Enzymes In Urine of Patients Treated With Gentamicin
Authors: Davidović Biljana , Predojević-Samardžić Jelica , Uletilović Snežana , Malčić Dragana , Saničanin Živko 
Published: April 2007

Activities of Proximal Tubule Enzymes In Urine of Patients Treated With Gentamicin
The activities of the enzymes dominantly localized within the proximal tubules, such as alanine aminopeptidase (AAP), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) and Nacetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG), were measured in 12-h urine samples of patients suffering from Gram-negative infections and i.v. treated with gentamicin with the aim of determining the nephrotoxicity of this aminoglycoside antibiotic. The examined groups consisted of 3 - 10 years old children of both sexes, gentamicin-treated, and the control group, each including 30 patients. Urine samples were collected and analyzed five days before the gentamicin application and during the following 10 days of gentamicin treatment (a single i.v. injection per day in the dose of 2.5 mg/kg b.w.). Significant differences in the AAP and GGT activities expressed in U/mmol creatinine were observed between the gentamicin-treated group and the controls already on day 2 (p < 0.05) of the treatment, as well as in the activity of NAG on day 8 (p < 0.01) of the therapy. From these results it can be concluded that even standard gentamicin doses expressed nephrotoxic effects. Statistically significantly increased AAP and GGT activities in the gentamicin-treated group of children recorded already on the 2nd day of treatment demonstrate that these two enzymes represent extremely sensitive indicators of nephrotoxicity. On the other hand, statistically significantly increased NAG activity observed in the gentamicin-receiving group points to more severe gentamicin-provoked injuries of proximal tubules.