bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pharmacotherapeutic Options for Overweight Adolescents
Authors: Dunican Kaelen C , Desilets Alicia R , Montalbano Julie K 
Published: July 2007

Objective: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of current pharmacotherapeutic options for weight loss in overweight adolescents. Data Sources: Literature was obtained through MEDLINE Ovid (1996–April 2007) and EMBASE Drugs and Pharmacology (1991–2nd quarter 2007) searches and a bibliographic review of published articles. Key words included adolescents, overweight, obesity, anti-obesity agents, drug therapy, orlistat, sibutramine, and metformin. Study Selection and Data Extraction: All studies published in the English language that evaluated the use of pharmacotherapy for the treatment of overweight adolescents were critically analyzed; pertinent articles were selected for this review. Data Synthesis: Orlistat has been approved for use in adolescents between the ages of 12 and 16 years. The most frequently reported adverse effects of orlistat were gastrointestinal; reduced concentrations of fat-soluble vitamins were also observed. Of the 6 clinical trials published, 5 have shown statistically significant reductions in body mass index {BMI) from baseline, ranging from 0.55 to 4.09 kg/m2; one small trial failed to demonstrate significant weight reduction compared with placebo. Sibutramine has also been evaluated for use in overweight adolescents in 6 trials. Trials demonstrated a statistically significant reduction in BMI up to 5.6 kg/m2 (from baseline). Of concern is evidence indicating that sibutramine therapy may be associated with elevated blood pressure, increased pulse rate, depression, and suicidal ideations. Lastly, metformin has recently been evaluated for weight loss in overweight adolescents; small, short-term trials demonstrate modest reductions in weight and BMI. Conclusions: Orlistat has been proven both safe and effective for weight reduction in overweight adolescents. Sibutramine has also been proven effective in reducing weight in this population; however, the potential for severe adverse effects requires further investigation. Metformin has demonstrated promising results in small trials; its role in the treatment of overweight adolescents will remain investigational until further research is conducted.
Daptomycin Use After Vancomycin-Induced Neutropenia in a Patient with Left-Sided Endocarditis
Authors: Mergenhagen Kari A , Pasko Mary T 
Published: July 2007

Objective: To report a positive outcome in a patient treated with daptomycin for left-sided endocarditis associated with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) subsequent to vancomycin-induced neutropenia. Case Summary: A 55-year-old African American male was diagnosed with left-sided endocarditis, brain abscesses, and septic arthritis due to community-acquired MRSA. He began treatment with intravenous vancomycin to achieve a trough concentration of 15–20 μg/mL and oral rifampin 600 mg/day. A repair and resection of the mitral valve was completed on day 15 of hospitalization. Vancomycin was discontinued on day 36 secondary to drug-induced neutropenia (absolute neutrophil count nadir 162 cells/μL). Intravenous therapy with daptomycin 6 mg/kg every 24 hours was then initiated and the neutropenia resolved. The patient was discharged from the hospital on day 56. Discussion: Upon discontinuation of vancomycin, treatment options were limited to a small number of alternatives. Documented clinical experience and relevant studies are limited regarding the use of quinupristin/dalfopristin (Q/D), linezolid, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX), and daptomycin for the treatment of MRSA left-sided endocarditis. Daptomycin was selected because of its bactericidal qualities and its recent approval for this indication. The prognostic outlook for use of daptomycin in this treatment was uncertain; however, Q/D, linezolid, and TMP/SMX posed greater risks of failure. Conclusions: Treatment of MRSA left-sided endocarditis in patients intolerant to vancomycin is challenging. The positive outcome in our patient is likely attributable to aggressive vancomycin dosing and extended duration of treatment prior to the initiation of daptomycin. The use of daptomycin in this case enabled successful management of left-sided endocarditis.
The Impact of Reputation Timing and Source on Auction Outcomes
Authors: Eaton David H 
Published: July 2007

Abstract
This paper uses data from electric guitar auctions on eBay to further examine the impact of reputation on the likelihood that an auction ends in a sale. It extends the existing literature by examining both the impact of the overall eBay feedback rating as well as feedback from shorter time periods. The results of this paper suggest that recent feedback, and in particular recent negative feedback, is of particular importance in explaining the likelihood that an auctioned item sells. Other feedback related factors included in this paper are measures for the source of feedback (i.e. buying or selling behavior) and whether negative feedback is product or seller related.
Family Expenditures on Child Care
Authors: Rosenbaum Dan T , Ruhm Christopher J 
Published: July 2007

Abstract
This study examines the child care "expenditure share," defined as child care expenses divided by after-tax income. We estimate that the average child under six years of age lives in a family that spends 4.9 percent of after-tax income on child care. However, this conceals wide variation: 63 percent of such children reside in families with no child care expenses and 10 percent are in families where the expenditure share exceeds 16 percent. The proportion of income devoted to child care is typically greater in single-parent than married-couple families but is not systematically related to a constructed measure of socioeconomic status. One reason for this is that disadvantaged families use lower cost modes and pay less per hour for given types of care. The expenditure share would be much less equal without low cost (presumably subsidized) formal care focused on needy families, as well as government tax and transfer policies that redistribute income towards them.
Energy Taxes in Three Political Economy Models
Authors: Cremer Helmuth , De Donder Philippe , Gahvari Firouz 
Published: July 2007

Abstract
What accounts for the existence of positive energy taxes in the US, given that such taxes are regressive and that the income distribution is skewed to the right? The traditional majority-voting equilibrium approach suggests a subsidy; thus we also look at two alternatives. These are the probabilistic-voting model and Roemer's (2001) model of political competition with the "Party Unanimity Nash Equilibrium" (PUNE) as the equilibrium solution concept. Our economic model is calibrated on the basis of the US data. The paper shows that while the majority-voting approach calls for a massive subsidy, the PUNE approach leads to huge environmental taxes. Our tentative results suggest that the probabilistic model, wherein parties assume that the proportion of unbiased voters is the same in all categories of income, comes closest to explaining the observed US energy taxes.
Construction of Sampling and Interpolating Sequences for Multi-Band Signals. The Two-Band Case
Authors: Avdonin Sergei , Bulanova Anna , Moran William 
Published: July 2007

Construction of Sampling and Interpolating Sequences for Multi-Band Signals. The Two-Band CaseRecently several papers have related the production of sampling and interpolating sequences for multi-band signals to the solution of certain kinds of Wiener-Hopf equations. Our approach is based on connections between exponential Riesz bases and the controllability of distributed parameter systems. For the case of two-band signals we derive an operator whose invertibility is equivalent to the existence of a sampling and interpolating sequence, and prove the invertibility of this operator.
Falseness of the Finiteness Property of the Spectral Subradius
Authors: Czornik Adam , Jurgaś Piotr 
Published: July 2007

Falseness of the Finiteness Property of the Spectral SubradiusWe prove that there exist infinitely may values of the real parameter α for which the exact value of the spectral subradius of the set of two matrices (one matrix with ones above and on the diagonal and zeros elsewhere, and one matrix with α below and on the diagonal and zeros elsewhere, both matrices having two rows and two columns) cannot be calculated in a finite number of steps. Our proof uses only elementary facts from the theory of formal languages and from linear algebra, but it is not constructive because we do not show any explicit value of α that has described property. The problem of finding such values is still open.
Monitoring of Chlorine Concentration in Drinking Water Distribution Systems Using an Interval Estimator
Authors: Łangowski Rafał , Brdys Mietek 
Published: July 2007

Monitoring of Chlorine Concentration in Drinking Water Distribution Systems Using an Interval EstimatorThis paper describes the design of an interval observer for the estimation of unmeasured quality state variables in drinking water distribution systems. The estimator utilizes a set bounded model of uncertainty to produce robust interval bounds on the estimated state variables of the water quality. The bounds are generated by solving two differential equations. Hence the numerical efficiency is sufficient for on-line monitoring of the water quality. The observer is applied to an exemplary water network and its performance is validated by simulations.
A Family of Model Predictive Control Algorithms With Artificial Neural Networks
Authors: Ławryńczuk Maciej 
Published: July 2007

A Family of Model Predictive Control Algorithms With Artificial Neural NetworksThis paper details nonlinear Model-based Predictive Control (MPC) algorithms for MIMO processes modelled by means of neural networks of a feedforward structure. Two general MPC techniques are considered: the one with Nonlinear Optimisation (MPC-NO) and the one with Nonlinear Prediction and Linearisation (MPC-NPL). In the first case a nonlinear optimisation problem is solved in real time on-line. In order to reduce the computational burden, in the second case a neural model of the process is used on-line to determine local linearisation and a nonlinear free trajectory. Single-point and multi-point linearisation methods are discussed. The MPC-NPL structure is far more reliable and less computationally demanding in comparison with the MPC-NO one because it solves a quadratic programming problem, which can be done efficiently within a foreseeable time frame. At the same time, closed-loop performance of both algorithm classes is similar. Finally, a hybrid MPC algorithm with Nonlinear Prediction, Linearisation and Nonlinear optimisation (MPC-NPL-NO) is discussed.
Fuzzy Feedback Linearizing Controller and Its Equivalence With the Fuzzy Nonlinear Internal Model Control Structure
Authors: Boukezzoula Reda , Galichet Sylvie , Foulloy Laurent 
Published: July 2007

Fuzzy Feedback Linearizing Controller and Its Equivalence With the Fuzzy Nonlinear Internal Model Control StructureThis paper examines the inverse control problem of nonlinear systems with stable dynamics using a fuzzy modeling approach. Indeed, based on the ability of fuzzy systems to approximate any nonlinear mapping, the nonlinear system is represented by a Takagi-Sugeno (TS) fuzzy system, which is then inverted for designing a fuzzy controller. As an application of the proposed inverse control methodology, two popular control structures, namely, feedback linearization and Nonlinear Internal Model Control (NIMC) are investigated. Moreover, the paper points out that, under some conditions, both of the control structures are equivalent and naturally implement a Smith predictor in the presence of time delays.
Evaluating the Kernighan-Lin Heuristic for Hardware/Software Partitioning
Authors: Mann Zoltán , Orbán András , Farkas Viktor 
Published: July 2007

Evaluating the Kernighan-Lin Heuristic for Hardware/Software PartitioningIn recent years, several heuristics have been proposed for the hardware/software partitioning problem. One of the most promising directions is the adaptation of the Kernighan-Lin algorithm. The Kernighan-Lin heuristic was originally developed for circuit partitioning, but it has been adapted to other domains as well. Moreover, numerous improvements have been suggested so that now several variants of the original algorithm exist. The aim of this paper is to systematically evaluate the possibilities of applying the Kernighan-Lin heuristic to hardware/software partitioning. It is investigated in detail which versions of the heuristic work well in this context. Since hardware/software partitioning also has several formulations, it is also discussed how the problem formulation affects the applicability of this heuristic. Furthermore, possibilities of efficient implementations of the algorithm—by using appropriate data structures—are also presented. These investigations are accompanied by numerous empirical test results.
Human proactive aggression: association with personality disorders and psychopathy
Authors: Nouvion Sylvain O. , Cherek Don R. , Lane Scott D. , Tcheremissine Oleg V. , Lieving Lori M. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractAggressive behaviors can be divided into two categories: reactive and proactive. Reactive aggressive behaviors occur in response to a stimulus or provocation. Proactive aggressive behaviors occur without provocation and are goal directed. A number of findings have suggested that individuals displaying proactive aggression may be discerned from individuals not displaying proactive aggression on measures of personality, psychopathology and psychopathy as well as in aggressive histories and type and severity of aggressive behaviors committed. In this study, subjects were recruited from a large urban community and classified as proactive (n= 20), reactive‐only (n= 20) or nonaggressive (n= 10) based on laboratory behavioral testing. Subjects were administered a battery of questionnaires and structured interviews pertaining to personality disorders and psychopathy. It was hypothesized that proactive aggressive subjects would show greater numbers of personality disorders and have greater psychopathy relative to reactive‐only and nonaggressive subjects. These hypotheses were supported. These results suggest that proactive aggression may be identified in a laboratory‐based task, and differences between proactive and reactive‐only aggressors can be detected. Aggr. Behav. 33:552–562, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A pinch or a lesion: a reconceptualization of biting consequences in mice
Authors: Litvin Yoav , Blanchard D. Caroline , Pentkowski Nathan S. , Blanchard Robert J. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractIntruder and resident male colony mice exhibit an array of distinct defensive and offensive behaviors. Intruders typically show more boxing, flight, defensive sideways position, on the back position and general locomotion, while residents exhibit higher levels of attack, olfactory investigation, aggressive grooming, and biting, with a preference for dorsal bite locations. Here, analysis of bite locations on the body of the intruder mice showed that the majority of bites produced few lesions (i.e. actual puncturing of the skin) when compared to scrapes or no markings. Most bites were directed to the back of the opponent animal with very few bites directed towards the opponents' vulnerable ventrum. In particular, bites directed at the relatively hairless ventrum produced no lesions. These findings, along with previous work on mice and rats, suggest that intraspecific offense with preferred target sites for biting, facilitates an effective but largely nonwounding interaction between resident and intruder mice. Furthermore, bruise and wound analyses suggest an association between bite targets and tissue damage. The preference for specific bite locations may be complimented by a differential intensity of attack, with the back attracting the strongest bites and the ventrum the weakest. This apparent nonwounding fighting pattern contradicts the current evaluation of rodent wounding severity in this paradigm and can therefore refine the usage of this model and of the protocols associated with it. Aggr. Behav. 33:545–551, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Two‐fluid model for particle‐turbulence interaction in a backward‐facing step
Authors: Mohanarangam K. , Tu J. Y. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractParticle‐turbulence interaction for dilute gas‐particle flows over a backward‐facing step geometry is numerically investigated. An Eulerian two‐fluid model with additional turbulence transport equations for particles is employed in this investigation. RNG based k‐ε model is used as the turbulent closure with additional transport equations solved, to better represent the combined gas‐particle interactions. Two different particle classes with same Stokes number and varied particle Reynolds number are considered in this study. The turbulence modulation of the carrier phase in the presence of the dispersed particulate phase is simulated and compared against the experimental data. However prior to this endeavour, the simulated flow field is validated for mean streamwise velocities and fluctuations for both the phases. Despite the fact that the two particles used in this study share the same Stokes number their behavior is found to be considerably different in the turbulent flow field, which basically underlines the fact that the Stokes number alone is not enough to fully describe the behavior of particles, thereby, herein particle Reynolds number is also investigated to fully understand their behavior. Two other turbulence modulation models were also tested against our own formulation, and our model was found to compare better with the experimental findings. © 2007 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2007
Local hydrodynamics modeling of a gas–liquid–solid three‐phase bubble column
Authors: Jia Xiaoqiang , Wen Jianping , Zhou Haoli , Feng Wei , Yuan Qing 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA three‐dimensional (3D) transient model was developed to simulate the local hydrodynamics of a gas–liquid–solid three‐phase bubble column using the computational fluid dynamic method, where the multiple size group model was adopted to determine the size distribution of the gas bubbles. Model simulation results, such as the local time‐averaged gas holdups and axial liquid velocities, were validated by experimental measurements under varied operating conditions, e.g., superficial gas velocities and initial solid loadings at different locations in the three‐phase bubble column. Furthermore, the local transient hydrodynamic characteristics, such as gas holdups, liquid velocities, and solid holdups, as well as gas bubble size distribution were predicted reasonably by the developed model for the dynamic behaviors of the three‐phase bubble column. © 2007 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2007
Modeling blowdown of pipelines under fire attack
Authors: Mahgerefteh Haroun , Abbasi Muhammad Umar 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe development of a mathematical model for simulating the blowdown of pressurized hydrocarbon conveying pipelines under fire attack is described. The model is based on the resolution of the conservation equations using the method of characteristics. It accounts for real fluid behavior, pipeline mechanical strength, as well as phase and flow dependent transient heat transfer effects, and frictional pressure losses. Failure is assumed to occur when any one of the simulated triaxial thermal and pressure stresses in the pipeline wall exceed its ultimate tensile strength. The application of the model to a hypothetical example involving localized fire attack on an isolated natural gas pipeline reveals that the pipeline fails because of large thermal stresses on the outer surface in addition to the internal pressure stresses. The efficacy of emergency depressurization using different diameter relief valves as a means of protecting the pipeline mechanical integrity during fire attack is also quantitatively investigated. © 2007 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2007
No evidence for myocardial iron overload in multitransfused patients with myelodysplastic syndrome using cardiac magnetic resonance T2* technique
Authors: Konen Eli , Ghoti Husam , Goitein Orly , Winder Asher , Kushnir Tammi , Eshet Yael , Rachmilewitz Eliezer 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe method of cardiovascular T2* magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) allows in vivo estimation of iron in the heart and liver and was used to measure the degree of iron overload in 10 transfused MDS patients (average 90 blood units) and in 3 patients with congenital hemolytic anemia. In all MDS patients iron overload was found in the liver but not in the heart. Patients with congenital anemias had iron in both organs despite iron chelation. It is possible that in MDS more time and more transfusions are required to induce iron accumulation in the myocardium. Therefore, cardiac MRI may serve as a diagnostic tool to assess if and when iron chelation is indicated. Am. J. Hematol., 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Remission of lymphoma after withdrawal of methotrexate in rheumatoid arthritis: Relationship with type of latent Epstein‐Barr virus infection
Authors: Miyazaki Takuya , Fujimaki Katsumichi , Shirasugi Yukari , Yoshiba Fumiaki , Ohsaka Manabu , Miyazaki Koji , Yamazaki Etsuko , Sakai Rika , Tamaru Jun‐ichi , Kishi Kenji , Kanamori Heiwa , Higashihara Masaaki , Hotta Tomomitsu , Ishigatsubo Yoshiaki 
Published: July 2007

AbstractRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is associated with an increased risk of developing lymphoma. Although the pathogenesis is still unclear, the increased risk appears to be related to the high inflammatory activity of RA, immunosuppressive agents, or Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) infection. We investigated the relationship between EBV latent infection and methotrexate (MTX)‐associated lymphoma in RA patients. Nine patients were diagnosed with non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) during MTX treatment for RA in a multicenter study. The pathologic findings were consistent with diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma in 8 patients and peripheralT‐cell lymphoma, unspecified in 1. EBV infection was detected in 3 patients by in situ hybridization. Among all 9 patients who were initially treated by MTX withdrawal alone, 2 obtained spontaneous complete response (CR), 1 had partial response, 2 had stable disease (SD), and 4 had progressive disease. Both patients who had a CR and 1 who had SD were positive for EBV. Further examination of the latent EBV infection patterns revealed that 2 patients who obtained a CR had latency Type III, and the other with SD had latency Type II. These results demonstrate that immunodeficiency caused by MTX treatment is associated with the development of EBV‐related NHL in RA patients. In patients who were treated by MTX for RA and developed NHL, remission can be observed following MTX withdrawal especially in NHL with latency Type III EBV infection. The analysis of EBV infection, including the latency types, is useful to decide the optimum therapeutic strategy. Am. J. Hematol., 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.