bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adjuvant oral chemotherapy to prevent recurrence after curative resection for hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Yamamoto M , Arii S , Sugahara K , Tobe T 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Adjuvant oral chemotherapy was studied in 67 patients with stage II hepatocellular carcinoma who underwent curative resection between May 1988 and December 1990. Patients were stratified into two groups according to preoperative liver dysfunction: 55 had stage I disease (mild dysfunction) and 12 had stage II (moderate dysfunction). A randomized controlled study of postoperative oral administration of 1-hexylcarbamoyl-5-fluorouracil (HCFU) was conducted in each group. From October 1994 HCFU administration was suspended because of side-effects in nine patients with stage I liver dysfunction and in three with stage II dysfunction who had received the drug for more than 4 weeks. Cumulative survival and recurrence-free survival rates of patients with stage I disease in the treatment group were higher (P = 0·08 and P = 0·04 respectively) than those in the control group. However, in patients with stage II disease no significant difference was observed (P = 0·77 and P= 1·0 respectively). This study suggests that the potential benefits of HCFU on tumour recurrence should be weighed against the risks of adverse reactions in patients with mild liver dysfunction.
Peritoneal and systemic cytokine response to laparotomy
Authors: Badia J M , Whawell S A , Scott-Coombes D M , Abel P D , Williamson R C N , Thompson J N 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Cytokines are polypeptides produced mainly by activated leucocytes in response to infection and injury, including surgical trauma. Several reports have described the systemic cytokine response to a surgical operation, some of them in a sequential way1,2. This study was designed to determine the peritoneal and systemic cytokine response to elective abdominal surgery during the first 72 h after operation.
Laser Doppler blood flow measurement in rectal resection for carcinoma — comparison between the straight and colonic J pouch reconstruction
Authors: Hallböök O , Johansson K , Sjödahl R 
Published: March 2007

AbstractLower rates ot anastomotic leakage nave been reported after rectal resection with a colonic pouch-anal anastomosis than with a conventional straight anastomosis. The microcirculation in the bowel segment that was used for construction of a colonic pouch or a conventional straight anastomosis was examined. Transmural colonic blood flow was measured by laser Doppler flowmetry during the operation before the construction of a straight (n = 16) or pouch (n = 14) anastomosis. The blood flow recordings were first done before dissection of the bowel at one point close to the planned bowel end and at another point 8 cm more proximally. A second recording was done at the same sites after dissection and, where appropriate, after construction of the pouch, but before the anastomosis was completed. In the straight group (end-to-end anastomosis), blood flow levels at the site intended for the anastomosis were significantly decreased following dissection of the bowel. In the pouch group (side-to-end anastomosis), blood flow levels at the site of the anastomosis were similar following dissection of the bowel and pouch construction. It is concluded that unaffected blood flow at the site of the anastomosis of the pouch may be a favourable factor for anastomotic healing.
Value of a weekly surgical x-ray meeting
Authors: Charnley R M , Amar S S , Gregson R H S , Steele R J C , Bourke J B , Hardcastle J D 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Surgical x-ray meetings attended by surgeons and radiologists are used for the clarification of x-ray reports and education of those present. Although the value of these meetings is generally accepted in terms of education, it is not known in what way they contribute to patient management. An audit of the authors' weekly surgical x-ray meeting to determine whether such reports and management decisions are modified following review and whether this is of benefit to patients is described.
Thoracoscopic implantation of an epicardial pacemaker
Authors: Robles R , Piñero A , Lujan J A , Parrilla P 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The implantation of a pacemaker for the management of auriculoventricular block (AVB) is traditionally performed by inserting the electrocatheter into a peripheral vein and positioning the generator sub-cutaneously. In certain situations this is impossible and requires a subxiphoid approach or thoracotomy to implant an epicardial electrocatheter. This communication reports the thoracoscopic implantation of an epicardial pacemaker in a patient with AVB in whom insertion in the peripheral vein was impossible.
Experimental autotransplantation of the parathyroid gland
Authors: Prigouris S , Lorentziadis M , Stylogiannis S , Nafas R , Masouras A , Poulantzas I 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The lateral parathyroid gland of the rabbit was resected and autotransplanted under an ear skin flap. A skin flap at the opposite side was used as control. The success of autotransplantation was established by microangiography of the transplant and by measuring plasma concentrations of parathyroid hormone (PTH), calcium and phosphorus. After 4 months the animals were killed and the transplant was studied histologically and by electron microscopy. Fourteen animals were included in the study. There was an increase in PTH derived from the transplanted gland after 4–6 postoperative days. All animals developed hypocalcaemia during the 3 days after transplantation. There were no significant changes in serum phosphorus. Transplantation did not alter the morphology of the distribution of the cells in the transplanted gland, which functioned normally after the fourth postoperative day.
Intestinal glycosaminoglycans in neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis
Authors: Ade-Ajayi N , Spitz L , Kiely E , Drake D , Klein N 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Advanced necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a common neonatal surgical emergency of unknown aetiology. Despite improvements in the prognosis, the aggressive form of the disease is still associated with significant rates of morbidity and mortality. Recent evidence indicates that the extracellular matrix (ECM) is important in gastrointestinal development and glycosaminoglycans, major constituents of the ECM, are attenuated in inflammatory bowel disease. The hypothesis of this study was that changes in the nature and distribution of intestinal glycosaminoglycans occur in NEC. The distribution and nature of glycosaminoglycans were determined in 31 sections of well preserved resection margins and severely diseased bowel from eight neonates affected by NEC. An established histological method of glycosaminoglycans analysis using cationic gold with silver enhancement was employed in this study. The identity of specific glycosaminoglycans was also elucidated using a combination of cationic gold staining and glycanase digestion. In well preserved tissue, staining was seen throughout the full thickness of the bowel. The epithelial basement membrane and basolateral surfaces, lamina propria and submucosa were particularly prominent. In moderate disease, patchy loss of anionic sites was frequently observed with glycosaminoglycans-deficient areas adjacent to intact sites. In severe NEC, there was extensive loss of glycosaminoglycans in most of the sections examined. Glycanase analysis revealed that the glycosaminoglycans in well preserved tissue were sensitive to chondroitinase ABC and only vascular sites were sensitive to heparinase III. The consequences of glycosaminoglycans loss in NEC as demonstrated in this study are not known but modulation of gastrointestinal glycosaminoglycans could be important in the pathogenesis of NEC and may underlie some of the clinical manifestations of this condition.
Subrectus pouch for renal transplantation
Authors: Wheatley T J , Doughman T M , Veitch P S , Nicholson M L 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Correct positioning of a renal transplant following implantation and revascularization is a vitally important and sometimes difficult part of the operation. If the renal vessels are, or become, kinked, acute thrombosis may result in graft loss. Kidney transplants arc normally positioned in the retroperitoneal space of the iliac fossa, lying in the gutter formed by the iliopsoas muscle (the traditional lateral position)1,2. In this position the vessels run medially from the hilum of the kidney and vessel kinking can usually be avoided by rotating the kidney carefully until the correct lie is found. Nevertheless some kidneys are difficult to position in this way and in these cases it is advantageous to place the transplant kidney in a specially fashioned subrectus pouch.
E-cadherin and its associated protein catenins, cancer invasion and metastasis
Authors: Jiang W G 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
E-cadherin is a cell-cell adhesion molecule which is anchored to the cytoskeleton via catenins. There is increasing evidence which suggests that E-cadherin also acts as a suppressor of tumour invasion and metastasis. Both in vitro and in vivo studies have revealed that expression of E-cadherin correlates inversely with the motile and invasive behaviour of a tumour cell; it also correlates inversely with metastasis in patients with cancer. The function of E-cadherin is highly dependent on the functional activity of catenins. This review summarizes progress, from both basic and clinical research, in our understanding of the roles of E-cadherin and catenins, and discusses the clinical relevance of the discoveries.
Role of endoscopic injection therapy in the treatment of bleeding peptic ulcer
Authors: Kubba A K , Palmer K R 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Of patients with peptic ulceration who are actively bleeding at endoscopy, 80 per cent will continue to bleed or rebleed in hospital; 50 per cent of those who have a non-bleeding visible vessel will also rebleed. Endoscopic injection treatment stops active bleeding and prevents further haemorrhage in most of these patients. The mechanism of action may include tamponade, vaso-constriction, sclerosis, tissue dehydration and thrombogenesis; substances injected include adrenaline, sclerosants, alcohol, thrombin, or a combination of agents. Although trials often define the need for surgery as an injection treatment failure, an alternative view is that endoscopic control may facilitate safe, early, elective surgery. A successful outcome may require a combination of endoscopic and operative approaches.
Hepatic bile acid synthesis and DNA synthetic rate after partial hepatectomy
Authors: Chijiiwa K , Kozaki N , Naito T , Okamoto S , Kuroki S , Yamashita H , Tanaka M 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The relationship between hepatic DNA synthetic rate and activity of cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase, the rate limiting enzyme for bile acid synthesis, was examined in regenerating liver after partial hepatectomy or sham operation in rats. Hepatic cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase activity was significantly (P &lt; 0·001) suppressed on days 1 and 2, returned to the control level on day 3, and was significantly raised on day 7 after hepatectomy. The rate of DNA synthesis was significantly (P &lt; 0·001) activated during the first 3 days after hepatectomy and returned to the control level on day 7. Enzyme activities regulating hepatic bile acid synthesis and DNA synthesis change inversely during liver regeneration after hepatectomy.
Use of the carbon dioxide laser to manage cutaneous metastases from malignant melanoma
Authors: Hill S , Thomas J Meirion 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Between October 1988 and November 1994, 100 patients with cutaneous metastases from malignant melanoma were treated by carbon dioxide laser ablation under local or general anaesthesia as appropriate. There were minimal postoperative complications and most wounds healed within 6 weeks. A total of 34 of the 53 patients in this series with stage IIIa disease were controlled with four or fewer laser ablations during the first year from presentation. This technique provides a simple effective alternative to hyperthermic isolated limb perfusion with melphalan. Patients with disease not controlled by laser can be considered for isolated limb perfusion.
Endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm: An initial experience
Authors: Nasim A , Thompson M M , Savers R D , Bolia A , Bell P R F 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) was attempted in ten patients over a 12-month period. Median age was 72 (range 61–82) years and median AAA diameter was 5·5 (range 5·2–6·0) cm. An aortoaortic (tube) graft was used in seven patients and a tapered aortoiliac reconstruction in three. There were two failures requiring conversion to open repair. Additional procedures included iliac artery angioplasty (two), coil embolization of an associated common iliac aneurysm (one) and femorodistal bypass (one). Median operating time was 162 (range 95–270) min and median blood loss was 1200 (range 800–2000) ml. Median hospital stay was 9 (range 5–21) days. Complications included death (one), reversible acute tubular necrosis (one) and prolonged ventilation (one). Postoperative evaluation with duplex ultrasonography and computed tomography demonstrated three perigraft leaks (two proximal and one distal). It is concluded that endovascular repair of AAA is feasible but is associated with significant complications and requires careful evaluation before widespread use.
Prognostic value of positive cytology findings from abdominal washings in patients with gastric cancer
Authors: Bonenkamp J J , Songun I , Hermans J , van De Velde C J H 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The poor prognosis of patients with gastric cancer with free abdominal tumour cells on cytological examination has been described in Japan. In a randomized trial in the Netherlands comparing D1 and D2 lymphadenectomy for gastric cancer, patients were subjected to cytological examination of abdominal washings on an optional basis; findings were of no consequence for scheduled treatment. Cytology results in 535 patients were obtained, in 457 (85·4 per cent) after curative resection and in 78 (14·6 per cent) after palliative operation. There was a clear association of positive cytology results with serosal invasion (12 per cent positive cytology) and lymph node infiltration (7·5 per cent positive cytology). Survival of those with positive cytology results was significantly lower than that of those with negative findings, irrespective of the procedure employed (curative or palliative). Cytological examination of abdominal washings increases the accuracy of staging and improves the selection of patients suitable for curative or palliative resection.
Role of the Should ice technique in inguinal hernia repair: A systematic review of controlled trials and a meta-analysis
Authors: Simons M P , Kleijnen J , van Geldere D , Hoitsma H F W , Obertop H 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The Shouldice technique for inguinal hernia repair has been suggested by some authors as the best conventional method against which other methods using prostheses should be compared. The paper which follows is a systematic review involving a comprehensive search of the medical literature to identify all clinical trials (article or abstract) evaluating the Shouldice repair. After assessment of certain quality criteria, the best studies were pooled in a meta-analysis. Nine publications were found with 11 study arms. In ten studies the results of the Shouldice technique were better than the results of the control arm. Six studies could be pooled in a meta-analysis of 2500 patients; Shouldice was significantly better than control methods (relative risk 0·62 (95 per cent confidence interval 0·45–0·85)). In spite of possible bias caused by different variables (modifications in operative technique, suture material, level of surgeon, follow-up methods and outcome measurement), the results of this systematic review suggest that the Shouldice method is the best current conventional technique for inguinal hernia repair.
Xanthine oxidase in critically ischaemic and claudicant limbs: Profile of activity during early reperfusion
Authors: Trewick A L , El-Hassan K , Round J M , Adiseshiah M 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Xanthine oxidase activity in blood from the ipsilateral femoral vein, and the relationship between xanthine oxidase production and the products of lipid peroxidation, were studied before operation and for 60 min following release of clamps after successful revascularization in two groups of patients with claudication or critical ischaemia. Before revascularization, detectable levels of xanthine oxidase were found only in patients with critical ischaemia. Clamping during bypass surgery led to release of xanthine oxidase in claudicants, but this activity reduced after 60 min. There was no evidence of lipid peroxidation during this time. Xanthine oxidase activity in brachial vein blood was higher than in femoral vein blood in patients with critical ischaemia before revascularization.
Diagnostic role of cytology in screen-detected breast cancer
Authors: Yiangou C , Davis J , Livni N , Barrett N K , Sinnett H D 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of the breast was performed in 491 patients over a 3-year period. Some 365 examinations (74·3 per cent) were performed by palpation and the remaining 126 (25·7 per cent) by stereotaxis. Ninety-six patients were excluded because of inadequate follow-up. Using a standard method of reporting the results 247 smears were classified as Cl and C2, but based on clinical and radiological criteria excision biopsy was recommended and performed in 122 patients with these lesions. Twenty-two per cent of C2 lesions were found to be malignant after histological examination. Forty-two patients with C3 or C4 cytology were advised to have excision biopsy and 41 had surgery. In all but one case the lesion was found to be malignant histologically. Definitive surgery was performed on 106 patients with C5 cytology and the diagnosis of malignancy was confirmed histologically in 105 of them. FNAC is a useful diagnostic tool in breast screening but in view of the number of false-negative results, cytology alone is unreliable and, therefore, full triple assessment is recommended.
Periductal mastitis and duct ectasia: Different conditions with different aetiologies
Authors: Dixon J M , Ravisekar O , Chetty U , Anderson T J 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A prospective study of 14225 patients has been undertaken to determine the inter-relationship between periductal mastitis and duct ectasia and to establish whether there is an association between smoking and either of these two conditions. Periductal mastitis affected women at a younger age than did duct ectasia. Of 139 patients with the clinical syndrome of periductal mastitis, 97 (70 per cent) had a past history of previous periductal mastitis, compared with only one (1 per cent) of 186 patients with the clinical syndrome of duct ectasia (P&lt; 0·0001). There was a significant excess of smokers in patients with clinically (124 (89 per cent) of 139) and pathologically (71 (91 per cent) of 78) diagnosed periductal mastitis compared with age-matched controls (both P&lt; 0·001), but there was no such excess in those with clinically (52 (28 per cent) of 186) or pathologically (15 (23 per cent) of 64) diagnosed duct ectasia. These data suggest that periductal mastitis and duct ectasia are separate conditions which affect different age groups, have different aetiologies, and should now be considered as separate entities.
Magnetic resonance imaging of thyroid swellings
Authors: Bagley J S , Ewen S W B , Smith F W , Krukowski Z H 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The preoperative diagnosis of some thyroid neoplasms remains difficult even with the routine use of fine-needle aspiration cytology. The potential of nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to discriminate between different thyroid pathologies was explored prospectively and compared with the final pathology in a series of 37 patients. MRI yielded high-quality images of the thyroid swelling but did not provide additional information to differentiate benign from neoplastic lesions. MRI does not contribute to the routine management of thyroid swellings.
An audit of the management of patients with acute pancreatitis against national standards of practice
Authors: Mofidi R , Madhavan K K , Garden O J , Parks R W 
Published: March 2007

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to audit the management of patients with acute pancreatitis against the standards of practice in the British Society of Gastroenterology guidelines.MethodsThe study assessed consecutive patients with acute pancreatitis over 5 years. Audit targets were overall mortality below 10 per cent, mortality for severe acute pancreatitis below 30 per cent, correct diagnosis and severity stratification within 48 h, aetiology determined in more than 80 per cent, availability of computed tomography and high-dependency or intensive therapy units when indicated and definitive treatment of gallstone pancreatitis within 2 weeks.ResultsOf 759 patients with acute pancreatitis, 219 (28·9 per cent) had severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). Overall mortality was 5·9 per cent, and 19·6 per cent in those with SAP. Acute pancreatitis was diagnosed within 48 h of presentation in 96·3 per cent of patients. The definitive aetiology was classified in 87·5 per cent. Of patients with SAP, 95·9 per cent underwent computed tomography within 6–10 days of admission. Of 93 patients with severe gallstone pancreatitis, 48 per cent had urgent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, and 89·6 per cent of 359 patients with acute gallstone pancreatitis underwent definitive management within 2 weeks of admission.ConclusionPatients with acute pancreatitis can be managed according to revised guidelines with a low associated mortality.
Prolonged coronary splinting in the management of acute coronary closure
Authors: Little Thomas 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAcute closure is an infrequent but serious complication of PTCA that is often unsuccessfully treated by repeat dilatation. Two patients with acute closure refractory to repeat conventional PTCA were treated with prolonged coronary “splinting” using low‐pressure reperfusion catheter balloon inflations of 11 and 15 h duration. The patients developed no chest pain or ST‐segment changes during this period. The serum creatine kinase rose to 738 and 372 U/L, respectively. Neither patient evolved a Q‐wave myocardial infarction. Both patients remain asymptomatic after 6 months of follow‐up.