bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Drought Conditions at Boiling Stage on Some Chemical Constituents of Cotton Plant
Authors: Ahmed Fatma M. , Ismail M. S. , Abdel‐Al M. H. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe investigation was carried out to study the effect of drought conditions at boiling stage on chloroplast pigments and anthocyanin, in leaves, carbohydrate, phenols and total amino nitrogen content in leaves and roots, oil and protein contents in bolls of different ages. Seeds of cv. Giza 75 cotton were sown during 1987 and 1988 seasons in pots of 30 cm in diameter containing 11 kg of soil; after complete germination, thinning was carried out leaving one plant per pot. Plants were subjected to water stress conditions at boiling stage till the sign of wilting, while the control plants were irrigated regularly at this stage without allowing the plants to reach wilting stage and kept in turgid state. The results obtained can be summarized as follows:1. Drought conditions decreased reducing sugar, nonreducing sugar, total soluble sugar and total amino nitrogen in leaves, while the reverse was true in roots.2. Drought conditions reduced total and polyphenols content in leaves while it had no effect on phenols compounds in roots.3. Drought conditions had no significant effect on pigments except total carotenoid in 1987 season.4. Oil content in seeds of different boll ages decreased as a result of drought in both seasons.5. In general drought condition increased protein content in 1987 season while the reverse was true in 1988 season.6. Leaves and roots of wilted plants had more inhibitors as compared to turgid plants.
Effect of Concentration of Seed Hardening Chemicals on Physiological Characters of Pearl Millet (Pennisetum typhoides Stapf and Hubb)
Authors: Shanmugasundaram V. S. , Kannaiyan M. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractA laboratory study was taken up in the Department of Agronomy, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore in the year 1986 to fix optimum concentration and to evaluate the efficiency of CCC (2‐chloroethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride), succinic acid and sodium chloride as seed hardening chemicals for pearl millet. The study revealed that CCC 100 ppm, succinic acid 0.15 per cent and sodium chloride 1 per cent concentrations were better in improving the germination per cent, root : shoot ratio and vigour index of pearl millet.
Effect of Lentil Residues on the Yield and Response of Succeeding Rice to Nitrogen
Authors: John P. S. , Prasad R. , Singh S. , George Mercy , Sharma S. N. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractA field experiment was conducted at the Division of Agronomy, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi during 1983‐84 and 1984‐85 to study the effect of lentil residues on the yield and response of succeeding rice to nitrogen. Lentil residues benefitted the succeeding rice and gave longer and heavier panicles, more grains per panicle, higher 1000‐grain weight and higher grain and straw yield of rice as compared to fallow. Rice responded well to applied nitrogen both in the absence and presence of lentil residues. The effect of lentil root residues and root residues plus incorporation of lentil straw was equivalent to 11 and 33 kg N ha−1 when 60 kg N ha−1 was applied to rice; the corresponding values being 54 and 60 kg N ha−1 when 120 kg N ha−1 was applied to rice.
Einfluß des Zeitpunktes der K‐Düngung auf die Dynamik des nach der Gülledüngung spezifisch gebundenen NH4‐N der Tonminerale*
Authors: Scherer H. W. 
Published: April 2008

Abstract Influence of the time of K fertilization on the dynamics of NH4‐N fixed by clay minerals after slurry application In a pot experiment with topsoil and subsoil of a luvisol derived from loess the influence of the time of K fertilization on the fixation of NH4‐N supplied with slurry as well as on the leaching and the availability of NH4‐N fixed by clay minerals after slurry application was investigated.The following results were obtained:In both soils K fertilization before slurry application resulted in a reduced fixation of the added NH4+.In the topsoil 8 % of the NH4+ supplied with the slurry could be detected in spring as nonexchangeable NH4+ when slurry was added in October and 13 % when slurry was added in January in the treatment K after slurry, when in the treatment K. before slurry the NH4+ fixed after slurry application had been mobilized totally.In the subsoil 45 % of the NH4+ fixed after slurry application in October were mobilized until spring in the treatment K before slurry and only 20 % in the treatment K after slurry. When slurry was applied in January 30 % and 12 %, respectively, were mobilized.In spite of the reduced nitrogen leaching in the treatments K after slurry yield and N uptake of grass were lower as compared to the treatments K before slurry.
Paddy (IR 60) Root Behaviour in Submerged Rice Fields as Influenced by Zinc Sources
Authors: Sriramachandrasekharan M. V. , Mathan K. K. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractA field trial was conducted on clay loam soil (Typic Haplustalf) with rice (Var. IR.60) as the test crop to find out its rooting behaviour under submerged conditions as influenced by zinc sources. Three different zinc sources viz., zinc sulphate, zinc blended urea and zinc blended suphala were applied in different combinations. Root length density was measured at 40, 55, 70 and 85 days after transplanting at 5 cm intervals of depth upto 25 cm. The results revealed that root length density decreased with depth in all the treatments at all the stages. There was progressive increase in root length density with advancing age of the crop. Zinc sulphate applied alone and in combination with NPK had increased the root length density compared to absolute control and NPK alone in the initial stages. Zincated urea provided higher root density compared to 2incated suphala.
Effect of Planting Date on Time and Rate of Nitrogen Accumulation by Maize (Zea mays L.)1
Authors: Olness A. , Benoit G. R. , Van Sickle K. , Rinke J. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractEffects of environment on time and rate of nutrient accumulation by crops affects fertilizer nutrient use efficiency. The effect of planting date on rate, time and amount of nitrogen (N) accumulated by maize from a Hamerly cl soil (Aeric Calciaquoll) was examined with and without supplemental irrigation. Maize was planted on three dates spaced at 2‐to 3‐week, intervals; the earliest planting date was 1 May in 1984 and 1985. N accumulation was examined as uni‐ and diphasic tanh[k(time)] functions and solved for total N accumulation at harvest, time of maximum N accumulation rate and the time coefficient of N accumulation. A diphasic function, which indicates two periods of intense N accumulation, provided the closest agreement with observed N accumulation. As planting was delayed, time required to reach maximum N accumulation rates, τ (uniphasic) or τ1 and τ2 (diphasic), decreased from an average of nearly 75 to 42 days (uniphasic) and from nearly 65 to 35 days and 100 to 75 days after planting for τ1 and τ2, respectively. Maximum N accumulation rates increase from about 59 to 75 mg N plant−1 day−1 (uniphasic) or 35 to 65 mg N plant−1 day−1 and 20 to 70 mg N plant−1 day−1 for the first and second maxima in the diphasic model, respectively. Average maximum total N accumulation ranged from 2.85 g N plant−1 for early plantings to 1.5 g N plant−1 for plantings made on 25 June. The time coefficient, k (uniphasic) or k1 (diphasic), tended to increase from average values of about 0.04 to > 0.09 day−1 for k and from about 0.04 to > 0.105 day−1 for k1. The second time coefficient, k2, of the diphasic function varied widely between about 0.075 to > 0.12 day−1 and showed complex relationships with planting date. Periods of N accumulation shortened and intensity of N accumulation increased as the time coefficient increased.
Effect of Pulp and Paper Mill Effluent Irrigation on Carbon‐di‐oxide Evolution in Soils
Authors: Kannan K. , Oblisami G. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractPulp and paper mill waste water irrigation increased pH, EC, organic carbon and exchangeable sodium content of soils. The increase in organic matter content of soils accelerated microbial activity and hence accelerated substrate decomposition with the release of CO2. There exhibited a peak followed by a steady‐decline in the rate of CO2 evolution in effluent irrigated soils. The irrigation of pulp and paper mill combined effluent to soils did not affect microbial activity.
Die Ertragsbildung von Dinkel (Triticum spelta L.) und Weizen (Triticum aestivum L.) unter verschiedenen Umweltbedingungen im Freiland
Authors: Rüegger A. , Und H. Winzeler , Nösberger J. 
Published: April 2008

Abstract Dry Matter Production of Spelt (Triticum spelta L.) and Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under Different Environmental Conditions in the Field The primary aim of our work was to obtain information regarding the germination characteristics of spelt under different environmental conditions in field experiments, and to trace possible differences between spelt and wheat, with regard to crop production. For the present study two spelt varieties (Ostro/Rouquin) and two wheat varieties (Arina/Probus) were used. In addition the spelt cultivars Altgold, Oberkulmer and Hercule were included in some of the experiments. To obtain information on the influence of the glumes, spelt was planted in the hulled (SP +) and dehulled (SP‐) form.Field emergence of spelt SP‐ was up to 40 % lower than that of SP+, Under water logged soil, the percentage of germination was higher for spelt SP+ than for wheat.Spelt produced more tillers per plant than wheat. However, tiller reduction was also higher for spelt so finally both species had similar numbers of ears per plant. Plants with a high tiller production might be more flexible in response to unfavourable growing conditions.Grain yield of spelt and wheat was developed in different ways. Spelt produced fewer but larger kernels per ear, whereas wheat produced more but smaller kernels. In 1986 grain yield was up to 20 % higher in wheat than in spelt. In 1987, an unfavourable year for cereal crop production in marginal areas, grain yield was higher for spelt than for wheat. For the farmer, the “husked” form of spelt is economically important. This was equal or higher than the grain yield of wheat in both years.The high germination rate under unfavourable conditions, in combination with a high tillering capacity and the production of large kernels appear to be the major reason for the stable yielding ability of spelt.
Effects of Nitrogen and Plant Density on Growth, Yield and Chemical Composition of Two Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Cultivars
Authors: Ellen J. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractA field study was conducted on the winter wheat cultivars Arminda and Okapi, using two seed rates (80 and 160 kg/ha) and three N applications (40, 80 and 120 kg/ha).The cultivars did not differ in total dry matter production but did differ in grain yield. The difference in grain yield was mainly attributable to a higher harvest index (HI).Increased plant density reduced HI; it resulted in more shoots per m2, but in a lower grain yield. The reduction in grain yield was caused by fewer kernels per ear and a lower 1000‐grain weight in both cultivars.A higher rate of N increased total dry matter production and grain yield, except in Okapi at the high plant density. The number of kernels per ear increased, but 1000‐grain weight fell.The higher the N applications, the higher the N‐content of the roots was.Total N yield was greater in Arminda than in Okapi. The cultivars differed in the amount of nitrogen they took up after anthesis.The content of water‐soluble carbohydrates (WSC) differed between the cultivars, N treatments and growth stages. Carbohydrate formed before anthesis accounted for 23 % of Arminda's grain yield and for 10 % of Okapi's grain yield.The content of cell‐wall constituents (CWC) depended on cultivar, growth stage and the rate of the N dressing. Differences in CWC were more pronounced in Arminda than in Okapi. During leaf, stem and ear development there was a strong increase in content and amount of CWC. Concomitantly, WSC decreased. This implies that a large consumption of WSC is necessary for the formation of CWC. The competition for the WSC, necessary for CWC and shoot and ear development influences kernel initiation. Per unit of dry matter Okapi contained more CWC than Arminda. This was not in agreement with differences in straw sturdiness.
Impact of Management Practices on Grain Yield and Grain Protein Relationships in Durum Wheat
Authors: Sah R. N. , Puri Y. P. , Willits N. H. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractWe examined the relationship between grain yield (GY) and grain protein concentration (GPC) in durum wheat (Trticum turgidum L. var. durum) as affected by N application rate, seeding rate, and irrigation levels. Field experiments were conducted for four years with five N rates, five seeding rates, and four Irrigation regimes: A. Only a preplant irrigation; B. A + one irrigation at tillering; C. B + one irrigation at booting stage; and D. C + one irrigation at early soft dough stage. These treatments produced a large variation in GY and GPC which provided the basis for examining the GY‐GPC relationship by all possible correlation analyses and by analysis of variance after partitioning the bivariate responses (GY and GPC) into pairs of univariate responses. The contribution of N, seeding rate, and irrigation on parallel (simultaneous changes in the same direction) and opposite changes in GY and GPC was determined. The effects of N and seeding rate on parallel increase in GY and GPC were significant. For a given level of irrigation, increasing N application resulted in significant parallel increase in GY and GPC to the highest level of N. At low N levels, increase in irrigation level from A to B increased GY and decreased GPC; however, it was not true at higher N levels. For a given N level, GY plateaued at irrigation C, whereas GPC increased up to irrigation D. The overall effects of irrigation treatments on parallel changes (positive correlation) in GY and GPC significantly outweighed their effects on opposite changes (negative correlation) in GY and GPC. Increasing levels of N and irrigation improved the correlation between GY and GPC and the yield‐protein index. This study suggests that with proper management practice it is possible to increase both GY and GPC simultaneously and obtain high protein yield ha−1.
The Influence of Plant Water Stress on Net Photosynthesis and Yield of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)
Authors: Human J. J. , Du Toit D. , Bezuidenhout H. D. , De Bruyn L. P. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe effect of plant water stress on net photosynthesis, leaf growth, yield and yield‐related components were investigated in a single experiment in order to determine in which way water deficits affect sunflower yields.Sunflower plants, grown under controlled temperature regimes, were stressed during budding, anthesis and seed filling by withholding water until the leaf water potential reached ‐1600 and ‐2000 kPa. Leaf area of unstressed plants significantly exceeded that of plants under severe stress during all growth stages investigated. The CO2 uptake rate per unit leaf area as well as the total uptake rate per plant, significantly diminished with stress, while this effect drastically increased during the reproductive phase of the plant. Although this resulted in significantly smaller heads and kernels, it did not affect the number of seeds borne in the inflorescence. Severe stress during anthesis and seed filling resulted in more empty kernels. Moderate and severe stress during budding significantly lowered both grain and oil yields while plants that experienced moderate stress during anthesis and seed filling significantly outyielded those under severe stress.
Yield Response of Soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) to Planting Density and Row Spacing in a Semi‐arid Tropical Environment
Authors: Yunusa I. A. M. , Ikawelle M. C. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractSoybean is little grown in the semi‐arid zone of the northern fringes of the Sudan savannah belt of Nigeria despite a seemingly good potential for the early maturing varieties. To explore the potential of the crop in this region a determinate soybean line was sown at 2 sites in 1986 at four planting densities of 7.5, 10.0, 12.5 and 15.0 plants/m2 in three row spacings of 40, 60 and 75 cm. Both the above‐ground biological and grain yields increased with planting density. Row spacing had significant effect on yield only at the early planted Site 1, where 40 cm row spacing outyielded other rows. The increase in yield at high densities and narrow row was mainly due to increased pod and grain numbers/m2Onset of competition began to manifest as from flowering and intensified thereafter. However, the post anthesis competition did not affect grain filling and so mean grain weight and harvest index were similar in all treatments. Late planting at Site 2 reduced yield by between 20 and 30 % particularly at high densities and in narrow rows. The results indicate a fairly good potential for soybean in this region, and yield advantage due to moderately high planting densities and narrow spacing.
Einfluß von Hauptbestandsbildner (Lolium multiflorum Lam., Lolium X boucheanum Kunth, Lolium perenne L. und Dactylis glomerata L.), Narbendichte, N‐Düngung und Zeit auf Ertrag, Energiedichte, P/E‐Quotient und Nitratgehalt
Authors: Opitz von Boberfeld W. , Elles S. 
Published: April 2008

Abstract The influence of main species (Lolium multiflorum Lam., Lolium X boucheanum Kunth, Lolium perenne L. and Dactylis glomerata L.), sward density, nitrogen and time on yield, energy content, crudeprotein/energy ratio and nitrate content The aim of this investigation was to determine the influence of different rates of nitrogen fertilizer and of varied sward density on yield and chemical composition of some non‐perennial (Lolium multiflorum, Lolium X boucheanum) and some perennial species (Lolium perenne, Dactylis glomerata) in a field experiment.Excepted 600 kg N ha−l ‐ yr−1 the non‐perennial species produced the highest energy yields. At a fertilization level of 400 kg N ha−1 yr−1 had sward density an influence on energy yield of Lolium multiflorum. It appeared that almost the energy content of the Lolium species was higher than in Dactylis glomerata. In most cases there were little differences between the Lolium species. There was a positive correlation between the NFEcontent and the content of water soluble carbohydrates and the energy content which was depressed by applying increasing rates of fertilizer. Generally at the lowest rate of nitrogen used (200 kg N ha−1 yr−1) there were positive effects on crude protein/energy ratios. The crude protein/energy ratio was higher of Dactylis glomerata than that of the Lolium species. The nitrate content increased to critical values when applying 400 kg N ha−1 yr−1. Dactylis glomerata had the highest and Lolium perenne the lowest nitrate content. At high rate of fertilizer, plots with high sward density sometimes had higher nitrate contents than open swards.The results of the experiment indicate that there are differences in quality even between species with high performance. Regarding the quality of grass swards, future attention should be focused on the main species and on sward density.
Yield Comparison of Within Row Mixtures, Between Row Mixtures, and Composites of Spring Faba Bean Cultivars
Authors: Tarhuni A. M. , McNeilly T. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe performance of three spring faba bean (Vicia faba L.) cultivars Stella, Danas, and Minden in monocultures were compared with mixtures of Stella + Minden, and Danas + Minden sown as within row mixtures, alternate row mixtures, and as composites.Mixtures of both cultivar combinations, whether mechanical or composites, had net increases in seed yield per plot ranging from 10.5 % to 20 % above the means of the component cultivars grown in monoculture. Cultivars grown in mixtures in alternate rows had slightly greater seed yield than when they were grown alternately within rows. A further yield enhancement was obtained from growing composites.Data for total plant dry weight were similar to those for seed yield. The number of podded nodes per plant was the major yield component responsible for the increased yields of the component cultivars in mixtures. The ecological aspects of these results are discussed.
Ertragsstruktur alter und neuer Winterweizensorten unter dem Aspekt der Einlagerung und Remobilisation von Fruktanen im Weizenhalm
Authors: Mehrhoff R. , Kühbauch W. 
Published: April 2008

Abstract Yield components in old and new german winter wheat varieties with respect to the storage and remobilization of fructan in the wheat stem Yield components and changes in carbohydrate content of four old german winter wheat varieties, bred before 1950, were compared with six new varieties over two years in field trials. In both years the old varieties built up more biomass than the new varieties. In the latter a better harvest‐index (0,56) as compared to the old varieties (0,43) was obtained, resulting in higher grain yields for the new varieties. Changes in water‐soluble carbohydrate (WSC) content were mainly due to variations in fructan content. Maximum of fructan content was mostly reached at the stage of early milk ripeness. In the new varieties a faster and more complete remobilization of fructan occurred; especially in the year with the short grainfilling period.
Some Comments on Gerechte Designs
Authors: Bailey R. A. , Kunert J. , Martin R. J. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractGerechte designs are row and column designs which have an additional blocking structure formed by spatially compact regions. In this paper, and a companion paper (Baileyet al. 1990) we consider the correct analysis of these designs. In this paper we discuss the purpose of gerechte designs, and we note that the regions are not orthogonal to the rows and columns. This means that the usual sums of squares for rows, columns and regions are not additive. We show how the correct analysis can be performed, either through the use of appropriate formulae, or by the use of a statistical package. In the companion paper we show that the correct analysis cannot be justified by a randomization argument, and we outline other developments in analysis and design that may be more satisfactory.
Harvest Dates, Fertilizer and Varietal Effects on Yield, Concentration and Molecular Distribution of Fructan in Jerusalem Artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.)
Authors: Soja G. , Dersch G. , Praznik W. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractIn a pot experiment two varieties of Jerusalem artichoke (Helianths tuberosus L., cv. Topianka and cv. Violet de Rennes) were exposed to different supplies of N, P and K. Nitrogen supply increased tuber yield more than the productivity of aerial parts. Violet de Rennes responded better to N than Topianka. Nutrient regimes without P or K addition but including N to some extent depressed the yields of tubers only (by 8–23 %). Carbohydrate concentrations (78–81 % of d.m.) and molecular fructan distributions were neither influenced by fertilizer regimes nor by mineral concentrations in the tubers.Genotypic differences were significant for yield, for concentrations of N, P, Ca, S and Cu, and for fructan concentration in the tubers. At harvest time the fructose/glucose ratio in tubers of Violet de Rennes was about 10 % higher than in Topianka and remained on a higher level during storage.Harvest time had the greatest influence on carbohydrate composition. Depolymerization of fructan proceeded at a high rate in November and slowed down during subsequent storage, accompanied by a decline in polydispersity. Simultaneously osmolanty increased, resulting in a freezing point depression of < 0.5 °C.