bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differences in binding of platelet factor 4 to vascular endothelium in vivo and endothelial cells in vitro
Authors: HANSELL P. , OLOFSSON M. , MAIONE T. E. , ARFORS K.‐E. , BORGSTROM P. 
Published: December 2008

The binding of fluorescein‐labelled recombinant human platelet factor 4 (rhPF4) to the vasculature of the hamster cheek pouch in vivo was compared with that to cultured endothelial cells (EC) from human umbilical veins (HUVEC) and arteries (HUAEC) and from human aorta (HAEC). In vivo data: systemically injected rhPF4 rapidly disappeared from plasma in a biphasic pattern (t1= 2 and 41 min). High intensity non‐uniform binding of rhPF4 occurred at short specific sites along both arterioles and venules. The length of the intense sites was 76 + 46/xm and their frequency was 10 ± 4 per cm2 cheek pouch. Heparin was injected at 4 and 9 min, but not 30 min, post‐rhPF4 displaced most of the high intensity labelling indicating internalization with time. Neither pretreatment with more than 50‐fold excess of unlabelled rhPF4 nor histamine‐ or LTB4‐induced vascular macromolecular leakage changed the frequency of short intense sites. In vitro data: uniform time‐dependent intense binding of rhPF4 occurred in a similar fashion in subconfluent HUVEC, HUAEC and HAEC. All cell types showed nuclear staining, demonstrating internalization. When heparin was given to EC prior to rhPF4, binding was delayed in time but not blocked.In conclusion, rhPF4 does not bind uniformly with high intensity along pre‐ and post‐capillary vessels of the hamster cheek pouch in vivo as predicted by the rhPF4‐labelling of subconfluent (migrating/proliferating) human EC in vitro. The short infrequent sites of intense rhPF4‐labelling in vivo may represent regions of endothelial cell migration/proliferation similar to subconfluent EC in culture.
Endothelin infusion reduces hypoxic pulmonary hypertension in pigs in vivo
Authors: LISKA J. , HOLM P. , ÖWALL A. , FRANCO‐CERECEDA A. 
Published: December 2008

Previous work has shown that the plasma levels of the potent vasoactive peptide endothelin (ET) are increased in pathophysiological conditions with increased pulmonary vascular resistance and it has been speculated that ET may play some part in hypoxic pulmonary hypertension. We have therefore evaluated the effects of ET‐infusion in the porcine pulmonary circulation after hypoxia‐induced hypertension.Pigs under general anaesthesia were artificially ventilated through an endotracheal tube and hypoxia was induced by decreasing the fraction inhaled 02 from 0.21 to 0.10. Haemodynamic parameters were continuously recorded using a Swan‐Ganz catheter in combination with thermodilution for cardiac output measurements. ET‐1 or ET‐3 was given as an i.v. infusion through the Swan‐Ganz catheter in the right ventricle.Hypoxia induced a reproducible increase in pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR), mean pulmonary artery pressure (MPAP) and right ventricular stroke work (RVSW) while the systemic vascular resistance (SVR) slightly decreased. Cumulative infusion of ET‐1 (10, 25 and 50 ng kg‐1 min‐1) dose‐dependently decreased MPAP and PVR; at a higher dose (100 ng kg‐1min‐1), the PVR returned to the level observed at hypoxia. ET‐infusions at 50 and 100 ng kg‐1 min‐1 evoked an increase in SVR and a decrease in cardiac output (CO) and stroke volume (SV). RVSW also gradually decreased during ET‐1 infusion. Infusion of ET‐3 evoked effects similar to those of ET‐1 infusions, although the response to ET‐3 was not that rapid in onset. In a second series of animals, repeated 15 min periods of hypoxia evoked a stable, reproducible response with a consistent increase in PVR, MPAP and RVSW which returned to baseline values during normoxia. Infusion of ET‐1 (25 ng kg‐1 min‐1) evoked a rapidly developing decrease in PVR and MPAP which was quickly normalized upon cessation of the ET‐infusion. ET‐1 infusion at this concentration did not per se influence the haemodynamic parameters during normoxia.It is concluded that in the pig, short‐term ET‐infusion reduces the pulmonary hypertension associated with acute hypoxia.
Climate change, boundary increase and elongation of a pre‐existing cline: A case study inDrosophila ananassae
Authors: RAJPUROHIT Subhash , PARKASH Ravi , SINGH Shama , RAMNIWAS Seema 
Published: December 2008

AbstractDuring the past two to three decades,Drosophila ananassae, a warm adapted tropical species, has invaded low to mid altitude localities in the western Himalayas. Due to its cold sensitivity, this species had never been recorded from higher latitudes as well as altitudes in India to the 1960s. A latitudinal cline in this desiccation‐sensitive species corresponds with southern humid tropical localities rather than northern drier subtropical localities. An extension of its cline into lowland to midland montane localities has resulted due to global climatic change as well as local thermal effects through anthropogenic impact. However,D. ananassaepopulations at species borders are characterized by lower genetic variability for body melanization as well as for desiccation resistance. There is a lack of thermal plastic effects for body melanization, and the observed extended cline might represent evolutionary (genetic) response due to selection pressure imposed by drier habitats. A comparison of fecundity, hatchability and viability at three growth temperatures (17, 20 and 25°C) showed significant reduction in trait values at 17°C inD. ananassae. Thus, its recent range expansion into northern montane localities might involve genetic effects on stress‐related traits and plastic effects on life history traits. We suggest thatD. ananassaecould serve as an indicator species for analyzing range expansion under changing climatic conditions.
Lycorma delicatula(Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Fulgoridae: Aphaeninae) finally, but suddenly arrived in Korea
Authors: HAN Jung Min , KIM Hyojoong , LIM Eun Ji , LEE Seunghwan , KWON Yong‐Jung , CHO Soowon 
Published: December 2008

AbstractA history of name changes in two fulgorid species –Lycorma delicatulaandLimois emelianovi– is reviewed.Lycorma delicatulawas once mistakenly reported to occur in Korea. Now, it has suddenly become common in western Korea, creating the suspicion that it has recently arrived from China and settled in Korea. A brief morphological and biological description ofL. delicatulais provided, and its original Korean name, “ggot‐mae‐mi”, is revalidated.Limois emelianovi, sometimes considered a synonym ofemeljanovi, is the correct name for this species, asemeljanoviis simply another transliteration of the personal name Emelianov, Emeljanov or Emel’yanov. The nameemelianovistands correct based on the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature code 32.5.1, because there is no internal evidence of an inadvertent error, and an incorrect transliteration is not considered an inadvertent error. The cytochrome oxidase I (COI) barcoding regions of both species were sequenced and compared for future reference.
Taxonomic review of the subfamily Nacerdinae (Coleoptera: Oedemeridae) in Korea
Authors: YOO In Seong , PARK Hae Chul , KIM Jin Ill 
Published: December 2008

AbstractHere, we present a taxonomic review of the oedemerid subfamily Nacerdinae in Korea. Eleven species in five genera under two tribes are recognized. The subgenus Nacerdes (Patiala), represented by Nacerdes (Patiala) ocularis (Lewis), is identified for the first time in Korea. Keys, diagnoses, habitus photos of adults, and drawings of male genitalia are provided.
An extremely low frequency magnetic field increases unconditioned larval movement of the common cutworm, Spodoptera litura: A novel model for a magnetoreceptive neurobehavioral study
Authors: CHAE Kwon‐Seok 
Published: December 2008

AbstractOne of the most interesting features of magnetic field (MF) responsiveness in animals is the signal transduction mechanism from sensing MF to behavior. To develop a model system for understanding the process, we performed a preliminary behavioral assay using an insect, the common cutworm, Spodoptera litura (Fabricius). In contrast to sham exposure, a continuous 60 Hz oscillating MF (0.2 mT) induced a significant increase in movement in third instar larvae: the MF‐induced movement was longer in total duration and had an earlier onset than movement from sham exposure. Not surprisingly, the movement duration of the group test was notably higher than that of the individual test, suggesting that the individual test is more favorable for assessing the MF effect on movement. Considering the simplicity of the experimental operation and obvious non‐conditioned responsiveness to the MF, this model might be suitable for studying magnetoreception and following the signal transduction mechanism between neurons and behavior.
Photochemical Internalization of Bleomycin is Superior to Photodynamic Therapy Due to the Therapeutic Effect in the Tumor Periphery
Authors: Norum Ole‐Jacob , Gaustad Jon‐Vidar , Angell‐Petersen Even , Rofstad Einar K. , Peng Qian , Giercksky Karl‐Erik , Berg Kristian 
Published: December 2008

AbstractPhotochemical internalization (PCI) is under development for clinical use in treatment of soft tissue sarcomas and other solid tumors. PCI may release endocytosed bleomycin (BLM) into the cytosol by photochemical rupture of the endocytic vesicles. In this study, the human fibrosarcoma xenograft HT1080 was transplanted into the leg muscle of athymic mice. The photosensitizer disulfonated aluminum phthalocyanine (AlPcS2a) and BLM were systemically administrated 48 h and 30 min, respectively, prior to light exposure at 670 nm (30 J cm−2). The purposes of this study were to evaluate the treatment response to AlPcS2a‐photodynamic therapy (PDT) and AlPcS2a‐PDT in combination with BLM (i.e. PCI of BLM) in an orthotopic, invasive and clinically relevant tumor model and to explore the underlying response mechanisms caused by PDT and PCI of BLM. The treatment response was evaluated by measuring tumor growth, contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (CE‐MRI), histology and fluorescence microscopy. The results show that PCI of BLM is superior to PDT in inducing tumor growth retardation and acts synergistically as compared to the individual treatment modalities. The CE‐MRI analyses 2 h after AlPcS2a‐PDT and PCI of BLM identified a treatment‐induced nonperfused central zone of the tumor and a well‐perfused peripheral zone. While there were no differences in the vascular response between PDT and PCI, the histological analyses showed that PDT caused necrosis in the tumor center and viable tumor cells were found in the tumor periphery. PCI caused larger necrotic areas and the regrowth in the peripheral zone was almost completely inhibited after PCI. The results indicate that PDT is less efficient in the tumor periphery than in the tumor center and that the treatment effect of PCI is superior to PDT in the tumor periphery.
Effect of Two Different UVA Doses on the Rabbit Cornea and Lens
Authors: Čejka Čestmír , Pláteník Jan , Buchal Richard , Guryca Vilém , Širc Jakub , Vejražka Martin , Crkovská Jiřina , Ardan Taras , Michálek Jiří , Brůnová Blanka , Čejková Jitka 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe aim of the present paper was to examine the irradiation effect of two doses of UVA rays (365 nm) on the rabbit cornea and lens. Corneas of anesthetized adult albino rabbits were irradiated with UVA rays for 5 days (daily dose 1.01 J cm−2 in one group of rabbits and daily dose 2.02 J cm−2 in the second group of animals). The third day after the last irradiation, the rabbits were killed, and their eyes were employed for spectrophotometrical, biochemical and immunohistochemical investigations. Normal eyes served as controls. Absorption spectra of the whole corneal centers were recorded over the UV–VIS (visible) spectral range. Levels of antioxidant and prooxidant enzymes, nitric oxide synthases and nitric oxide (indirectly measured as nitrate concentration) were investigated in the cornea. Malondialdehyde, a byproduct of lipid peroxidation, was examined in the cornea and lens. The results show that the staining for endothelial nitric oxide synthase was more pronounced in corneas irradiated with the higher UVA dose. Otherwise, UVA rays at either dose did not significantly change corneal light absorption properties and did not cause statistically significant metabolic changes in the cornea or lens. In conclusion, UVA rays at the employed doses did not evoke harmful effects in the cornea or lens.
Cytoprotective Role of Mitogen‐activated Protein Kinase Phosphatase‐1 in Light‐damaged Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells
Authors: Lornejad‐Schäfer Mohammad Reza , Schäfer Christine , Schöffl Harald , Frank Jürgen 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe role of the mitogen‐activated protein (MAP) kinase phosphatases (MKPs) in light‐damaged cells is unclear. Therefore we investigated the involvement of MKP‐1 in the regulation of apoptosis and cell survival mediated by MAP kinase pathways in light‐damaged human retinal pigment epithelial cells (ARPE‐19). Light dose‐dependent changes in the expression of MKP‐1 and in the phosphorylation status of the MAP kinases, c‐Jun‐N‐terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 were demonstrated. Low light doses up to 2 J cm−2 led to an upregulation of MKP‐1 which resulted in the prevention of cell death by inactivating JNK kinase. However, higher light doses (≥3 J cm−2) significantly reduced MKP‐1 protein expression and subsequently led to an increased JNK kinase activity followed by a significant increase in cell death. JNK kinase inactivation by the JNK inhibitor SP600125 significantly reduced light‐induced cell death, suggesting that the cytoprotective properties of MKP‐1 are mediated mainly by the JNK MAP kinase pathway. Physiological concentrations of ascorbic acid or taurine were seen to prevent apoptosis and cell death in light‐damaged ARPE‐19 cells by reducing oxidative stress within cells, thus maintaining MKP‐1 at high levels, leading to an inactivation of the JNK kinase pathway which resulted in an increased cell viability.
Narrow‐band UVB‐induced Externalization of Selected Nuclear Antigens in Keratinocytes: Implications for Lupus Erythematosus Pathogenesis†
Authors: Reich Adam , Meurer Michael , Viehweg Antje , Muller Daniel J. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe aim of this study was to analyze whether sera obtained from patients with lupus erythematosus (LE) react with membrane structures found on keratinocytes irradiated with narrow‐band ultraviolet B (NB‐UVB). We applied atomic force microscopy (AFM) to visualize cell surface structures expressing nuclear antigens upon apoptosis following NB‐UVB irradiation. Immortalized human keratinocytes (HaCaT) were cultured under standard conditions, irradiated with 800 mJ cm−2 NB‐UVB light and imaged by AFM mounted on an inverted optical microscope. It was observed that NB‐UVB irradiation provoked significant alterations of the keratinocyte morphology and led to the membrane expression of antigens recognized by anti‐La and anti‐Ro 60 kDa sera but not by antidouble‐strand DNA sera. The presence of La and Ro 60 kDa antigens on keratinocyte surfaces after NB‐UVB irradiation was limited mainly to the small bleb‐like protrusions found on the keratinocytes by AFM. A closer investigation by AFM also revealed that some structures positively stained with anti‐Ro 60 kDa serum were also located submembranously. We hypothesize that the externalization of some nuclear antigens because of NB‐UVB exposure might be responsible for exacerbation of skin symptoms in patients suffering from LE.
Photoinduced Nitric Oxide and Singlet Oxygen Release from ZnPC Liposome Vehicle Associated with the Nitrosyl Ruthenium Complex: Synergistic Effects in Photodynamic Therapy Application
Authors: Maranho Daniela Silva , De Lima Renata Galvão , Primo Fernando Lucas , Da Silva Roberto Santana , Tedesco Antonio Claudio 
Published: December 2008

AbstractUnder continuous photolysis at 675 nm, liposomal zinc phthalocyanine associated with nitrosyl ruthenium complex [Ru(NH.NHq)(tpy)NO]3+showed the detection and quantification of nitric oxide (NO) and singlet oxygen (1O2) release. Photophysical and photochemical results demonstrated that the interaction between the nitrosyl ruthenium complex and the photosensitizer can enable an electron transfer process from the photosensitizer to the nitrosyl ruthenium complex which leads to NO release. Synergistic action of both photosensitizers and the nitrosyl ruthenium complex results in the production of reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species, which is a potent oxidizing agent to many biological tissues, in particular neoplastic cells.
Differential Expression Profiles of microRNAs in NIH3T3 Cells in Response to UVB Irradiation
Authors: Guo Ling , Huang Zhong‐Xi , Chen Xiao‐Wei , Deng Qin‐Kai , Yan Wei , Zhou Mei‐Juan , Ou Cheng‐Shan , Ding Zhen‐Hua 
Published: December 2008

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are known as a kind of small, noncoding RNA, which play an important role in mediating many biological processes such as development, cell proliferation and differentiation in plants and animals. Here we report the differential expression profiles of miRNAs and characterized putative target genes in NIH3T3 cells at a series of different time points after UVB irradiation (compared with no UVB irradiation). The relative expression of mature miRNA genes was determined by miRNA microarray technique and the results were confirmed by real‐time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR). Potential target genes of these miRNAs were classified into different function categories with the GOstat software (http://gostat.wehi.edu.au/cgi‐bin/goStat.pl). Several miRNAs in this study expressed highly at different time points, especially mmu‐miR‐365 and mmu‐miR‐21. Three miRNAs were lowly expressed, of which mmu‐miR‐465 showed low levels of expression at all time points, whereas after 50 J m−2 UVB irradiation mmu‐miR‐296 and mmu‐miR‐376c showed low levels of expression at 6 and 12 h, respectively. Our study provided a basis for the global characterization of UV‐regulated miRNA expression.
Ultraviolet Radiation‐induced Transcription is Associated with Gene‐specific Histone Acetylation
Authors: Pollack Brian P. , Sapkota Bishu , Boss Jeremy M. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractUVR is an important environmental carcinogen and a powerful modulator of the cutaneous immune system. Exposure to UVR activates many signaling pathways leading to changes in the expression of several hundred genes. While the covalent modification of histones has been shown to play a central role in regulating gene expression, the impact of UVR on histone modifications and the contribution of histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs) to the UVR‐induced transcriptional response have not been completely characterized. In this report, we have examined the impact of UVR on histone H3 K9/14 acetylation. The potential role of UVR‐induced histone acetylation in the UVR transcriptional response was also explored using the HAT inhibitor curcumin and HDAC inhibitor trichostatin A (TSA). We found that UVR caused an increase in histone H3 acetylation within the promoter regions of ATF3, COX2, IL‐8, MKP1 and MnSOD. In most of the regions examined, histone H3 acetylation peaked 24 h after UVR and then returned to baseline levels by 72 h. The induction of ATF3, COX2 and MKP1 was blocked in the presence of curcumin at doses that decreasein vivohistone H3 acetylation but not at lower doses that do not affect acetylation levels. We also provide evidence that for ATF3, a transcriptional superinduction occurs after repeat exposures to UVR that can be recapitulated when the second UVR exposure is replaced with TSA treatment. Thus, UVR can alter histone acetylation within human keratinocytes and these changes may contribute to the UVR‐transcriptional response.
Rapid evolution in crop‐weed hybrids under artificial selection for divergent life histories
Authors: Campbell Lesley G. , Snow Allison A. , Sweeney Patricia M. , Ketner Julie M. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractWhen species hybridize, offspring typically exhibit reduced fitness and maladapted phenotypes. This situation has biosafety implications regarding the unintended spread of novel transgenes, and risk assessments of crop‐wild hybrids often assume that poorly adapted hybrid progeny will not evolve adaptive phenotypes. We explored the evolutionary potential of early generation hybrids using nontransgenic wild and cultivated radish (Raphanus raphanistrum,Raphanus sativus) as a model system. We imposed four generations of selection for two weedy traits – early flowering or large size – and measured responses in a common garden in Michigan, USA. Under selection for early flowering, hybrids evolved to flower as early as wild lineages, which changed little. These early‐flowering hybrids also recovered wild‐type pollen fertility, suggesting a genetic correlation that could accelerate the loss of crop traits when a short life cycle is advantageous. Under selection for large size at reproduction, hybrids evolved longer leaves faster than wild lineages, a potentially advantageous phenotype under longer growing seasons. Although early generation hybrid offspring have reduced fitness, our findings provide novel support for rapid adaptation in crop‐wild hybrid populations. Biosafety risk assessment programs should consider the possibility of rapid evolution of weedy traits from early generations of seemingly unfit crop‐wild hybrids.
Predictors of Mammographic Density: Insights Gained from a Novel Regression Analysis of a Twin Study
Authors: Dite Gillian S. , Gurrin Lyle C. , Byrnes Graham B. , Stone Jennifer , Gunasekara Anoma , McCredie Margaret R.E. , English Dallas R. , Giles Graham G. , Cawson Jennifer , Hegele Robert A. , Chiarelli Anna M. , Yaffe Martin J. , Boyd Norman F. , Hopper John L. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
Understanding which factors influence mammographically dense and nondense areas is important because percent mammographic density adjusted for age is a strong, continuously distributed risk factor for breast cancer, especially when adjusted for weight or body mass index. Using computer-assisted methods, we measured mammographically dense areas for 571 monozygotic and 380 dizygotic Australian and North American twin pairs ages 40 to 70 years. We used a novel regression modeling approach in which each twin's measure of dense and nondense area was regressed against one or both of the twin's and co-twin's covariates. The nature of changes to regression estimates with the inclusion of the twin and/or co-twin's covariates can be evaluated for consistency with causal and/or other models. By causal, we mean that if it were possible to vary a covariate experimentally then the expected value of the outcome measure would change. After adjusting for the individual's weight, the co-twin associations with weight were attenuated, consistent with a causal effect of weight on mammographic measures, which in absolute log cm2/kg was thrice stronger for nondense than dense area. After adjusting for weight, later age at menarche, and greater height were associated with greater dense and lesser nondense areas in a manner inconsistent with causality. The associations of dense and nondense areas with parity are consistent with a causal effect and/or within-person confounding. The associations between mammographic density measures and height are consistent with shared early life environmental factors that predispose to both height and percent mammographic density and possibly breast cancer risk. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2008;17(12):3474–81)