bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The incidence and distribution of cupular deposits in the labyrinth
Authors: Moriarty Brian , Rutka John , Hawke Michael 
Published: October 2006

AbstractFindings of large basophilic staining deposits on the cupula of the posterior semicircular canal ampulla have been used in part to explain the clinical phenomenon of benign positional vertigo (BPV). Although it is generally agreed that cupulolithiasis may involve other canal ampullae, the precise nature, distribution, and origin of these deposits remains unclear. In order to provide a better understanding of this finding, a series of 566 temporal bone specimens from the Ear Pathology Research Laboratory at the University of Toronto were reviewed. The results from this survey and speculations concerning the nature and formation of these deposits are discussed.
Contemporary management of cervical tuberculosis
Authors: Lee Kelvin C. , Tami Thomas A. , Lalwani Anil K. , Schecter Gisela 
Published: October 2006

AbstractAlthough excisional biopsy has traditionally been required to diagnose cervical tuberculosis (TB), fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) has also been found to be useful. The presentation and management of 47 patients diagnosed with cervical TB between 1984 and 1988 were retrospectively reviewed. Chest x‐rays were normal in 58% of the patients, and purified protein derivative (PPD) skin testing was positive in 96%. When FNAB was used, TB could be suspected in 83% of cases and definitively established in 62%. Open biopsy correctly diagnosed cervical TB in all masses excised. Medical therapy alone resulted in resolution of disease in 94% of patients diagnosed by FNAB, and subsequent excisional biopsy was necessary in only one patient. The results suggest that FNAB is a useful initial procedure in the diagnosis of cervical TB. Excisional biopsy should be reserved for cases where no diagnosis by FNAB can be made, or for persistent cervical disease despite full‐course antituberculous chemotherapy.
Changes in the microbial flora of airline headset devices after their use
Authors: Brook Itzhak , Jackson William E. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe bacterial flora of 20 headset devices were evaluated before and after they were worn for 1 hour. Bacteria were recovered from all headsets, and their number increased from a mean (± standard deviation) of 60 ± 5 organisms per device to 650 ± 51 organisms per device (P <.001). The predominant organisms recovered were Staphylococcus spp, Streptococcus spp, Propionibacterium spp, and Peptostreptococcus spp. This study demonstrates the presence of potential pathogens in headset devices, as well as the increase in the number of these pathogens after the headsets have been worn for 1 hour.
An analysis of prognostic factors in cutaneous neuroendocrine carcinoma
Authors: Pitale Michèle , Sessions Roy B. , Husain Shaista 
Published: October 2006

AbstractSince the first report of cutaneous neuroendocrine carcinoma (Merkel cell carcinoma) in 1972, knowledge of the biological behavior of this tumor has continued to increase. This study reviews three previously unreported cases in addition to reports on 429 patients collected from the literature. The presenting features of these 306 patients were analyzed for frequency and then were analyzed by the Cox proportional hazard model for the relationship of each to recurrence and outcome. This study confirms that cutaneous neuroendocrine carcinoma is an aggressive disease; that the most common cause of death in these patients is by distant metastasis; and that men have succumbed more frequently than women. As a result of this study, aggressive treatment of cutaneous neuroendocrine carcinoma is recommended, especially in the male patient.
Variations of the anterior cricoid split: The effect on airway cross‐sectional area in the rabbit
Authors: Macarthur Carol J. , Senders Craig W. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe anterior cricoid split (ACS) operation has been documented as a successful treatment for the difficult‐to‐extubate infant or child. The exact mechanism by which this operation is successful is still being investigated. In an effort to further elucidate the effect of the ACS procedure on the subglottic airway, four groups of rabbits were studied. Both size and shape of the subglottic area after surgical manipulation were evaluated, comparing control rabbits with ACS, anteroposterior cricoid split (A‐PCS), and partial cricoid split with sparing of soft‐tissue lining (partial ACS). The animals were sacrificed 4 weeks after surgery, and the larynxes were harvested. Analysis showed a significant enlargement of the subglottic lumen in all experimental groups as measured at the inner lamina of the cricoid cartilage. However, the true subglottic lumen was significantly enlarged only in the ACS group. Findings showed that true enlargement of the subglottic lumen was limited in all experimental groups to increased thickness in the soft‐tissue lining of the subglottic lumen, which was most marked in the A‐PCS group. A significant change in subglottic lumen shape occurred in the A‐PCS group as well. These results suggest the A‐PCS should be approached clinically with caution when a stent is not used.
Experimental applications of porous (coralline) hydroxylapatite in middle ear and mastoid reconstruction
Authors: Jahn Anthony E. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractHydroxylapatite is a ceramic implant material which has been extensively investigated in the orthopedic and oral surgical literature. A set of animal experiments was carried out to determine the feasibility of the use of porous (coralline) hydroxylapatite for middle ear and mastoid reconstruction. Coralline hydroxylapatite was placed in the mastoid bulla of dogs and was carved into struts which were placed into the middle ear and against the tympanic membrane.Coralline hydroxylapatite is a highly biocompatible material which showed abundant ingrowth when in contact with host bone. There was also good soft‐tissue ingrowth and fibrous tissue fixation within the middle ear and against the tympanic membrane.Hydroxylapatite is generally accepted to be osteoconductive, but not osteogenic. However, one of the specimens described with chronic inflammatory mucosal changes, shows de novo new bone formation within the pores of the graft. While normally the bone formed in coralline hydroxylapatite is secondary (lamellar), in this specimen primary (woven) bone was found.Porous (coralline) hydroxylapatite appears to be an excellent otologic graft material. It biointegrates with the host, is osteoconductive, and under certain circumstances may be osteogenic.
Intraoperative versus interstitial radiotherapy: A comparison of morbidity in the head and neck
Authors: Close Lanny Garth , Morrish Thomas N. , Nguyen Phuc 
Published: October 2006

AbstractIntraoperative radiation therapy (IORT) and interstitial radiotherapy (brachytherapy) are highly effective adjunctive treatments for head and neck cancer. The radiotolerance of the carotid artery, pharynx, and mandible to therapeutic doses of these modalities, however, has not been clearly established. To investigate the effects of IORT and interstitial iridium 192 (192Ir) on these structures in the canine, both sides of the neck of 12 mongrel dogs were operated on to expose 4‐cm segments of the common carotid artery, pharynx, and mandible. One side of the neck was irradiated in each animal with the opposite side serving as the unirradiated control. The animals were divided into 3 groups of 4 dogs each. The first group received 40‐Gy IORT and the second, 60‐Gy IORT. In the third group of animals, afterloading catheters were implanted followed by placement of 60‐Gy 192Ir. At 2 and 4 months after irradiation, 2 dogs in each treatment group were killed and histopathologic examination of the carotid artery, pharynx, and mandible was performed using hematoxylin‐eosin staining.No statistically significant difference between treatment groups was found for carotid artery injury, but a trend for the proportion of fibrosis of the carotid on the irradiated side to increase with dose (P = .125) and time (P = .250) was noted. No apparent or statistically significant difference was found between treatment groups for pharyngeal injury. The greatest histologic changes noted following IORT and 192Ir brachytherapy were found in mandible specimens. The incidence of bone marrow suppression in irradiated mandible specimens versus controls approached statistical significance (P = .062). Osteoradionecrosis (ORN) was noted in the irradiated mandible specimens of two dogs, one of which received 60‐Gy IORT and the other 60‐Gy interstitial 102Ir.This manuscript reviews animal and clinical investigations relevant to the use of IORT and interstitial radiotherapy to the head and neck. Recommendations are made regarding further animal and clinical research as well as methods of treatment.
Hyperparathyroidism induced by hypothyroidism
Authors: Walker Regina Paloyan , Oslapas Raymond , Ernst Kazuko , Hessel Patricia , Nayyar Rajinder , Lawrence Ann M. , Paloyan Edward 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe coexistence of hyperparathyroidism and thyroid tumors and/or chronic thyroiditis has raised the possibility of an etiologic relationship. The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that the chronic elevation of thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH) is related to the development of hyperparathyroidism. Three groups of 24 rats each were treated for 12 weeks as follows: group 1 received propylthiouracil (PTU) in their deionized water; group 2 received PTU and thyroid hormone to suppress TSH and to serve as a control group for possible direct effects of PTU; and group 3 was not treated at all and served as another control group. At 12 weeks, 95% of group 1 rats (PTU only) showed hyperplasia of the parathyroids with a 30% mean increase in circulating parathormone.
Symptomatic versus asymptomatic endolymphatic hydrops: A histopathologic comparison
Authors: Sperling Neil M. , Paparella Michael M. , Yoon Tae H. , Zelterman Daniel 
Published: October 2006

AbstractOne of the unanswered questions in Meniere's disease research is the pathophysiology by which the classic symptoms are produced. A histopathological study was undertaken to identify the pathological features of symptomatic endolymphatic hydrops and their relationship to these symptoms. Two groups of temporal bones were examined, compared, and described. The first group was from patients with symptoms of Meniere's disease (n = 29). Temporal bones in the second group were chosen for the presence of endolymphatic hydrops and the absence of otologic symptoms (n = 13). Significant differences were noted in the severity of hydrops, the frequency of membrane ruptures, the endolymphatic duct, and coexistent pathologic conditions. Ruptures were seen in 38% of temporal bones from symptomatic patients and in only 8% of temporal bones from patients with asymptomatic endolymphatic hydrops. Based on this study and a review of the literature, the authors believe that the symptoms and findings of Meniere's disease are explained best on the basis of both chemical and physical mechanisms being operational intermittently and together.
Facial nerve management in cranial base surgery
Authors: Janecka Ivo P. , Sekhar Laligam N. , Sen Chandra N. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThis study reviewed 124 patients who required facial nerve manipulation during cranial base surgery. Most of them underwent only nerve displacement or selective transection for improved surgical access to the cranial base (70 and 34, respectively). Fourteen patients had the facial nerve resected for oncologic reasons and repaired with primary nerve grafting. Most patients regained quite satisfactory facial function with quality correlating with the degree of nerve injury. Six patients had facial nerve resected as part of oncologic palliation and had the facial deficit rehabilitated with regional tissue.A correlation between preoperative facial nerve weakness and the quality of nerve graft function was not found. An oncologic correlation, however, is suggested (patients with preoperative weakness had less favorable prognosis). Overall, patients who require facial nerve resection for oncologic reasons do not do as well as those with normal preoperative function.
Inner ear‐specific autoantibodies
Authors: Yamanobe Shigeharu , Harris Jeffrey P. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe sera of patients with idiopathic sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) were examined, using qualitative immunoblotting (Western blotting), for the presence of inner ear (IE)‐specific autoantibodies. The water‐soluble extracts and the sodium dodecyl sulfate‐soluble extracts were prepared as the antigens from bovine IE tissues and several other organs in order to determine the specificity of autoantibodies in their sera to the IE. Some patients (n = 46) tested had autoantibodies that reacted with 68‐, 62‐, 55‐, 50‐, or 47‐kd antigenic determinants found in all tissues, while others (n = 13) showed IE‐specific autoantibodies which reacted with 220‐, 60‐, 58‐, 33–35‐, or 32‐kd determinants. The presence of these autoantibodies from patients with progressive SNHL may have important implications with regard to their etiology and possibly their sensitivity to therapeutic intervention. It is now necessary to purify these IE‐specific antigens and determine their clinical usefulness.
Determination of vocal fold mucosal wave velocity in an in vivo canine model
Authors: Sloan Steven H. , Berke Gerald S. , Gerratt Bruce R. , Kreiman Jody , Ye Ming 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe vocal fold traveling wave is essential to normal voice production. The present investigation examined whether the velocity of the traveling wave (TWV) could be consistently determined in an in vivo canine model and if traveling wave velocity is affected by changes in the amplitude of recurrent laryngeal nerve stimulation (RLNS) and superior laryngeal nerve stimulation (SLNS). The results showed that traveling wave velocity increased with an increase in recurrent laryngeal nerve stimulation at low constant superior laryngeal nerve stimulation, but was poorly correlated with increases in recurrent laryngeal nerve stimulation at a high level of superior laryngeal nerve stimulation. Furthermore, traveling wave velocity was significantly correlated with superior laryngeal nerve stimulation at constant recurrent laryngeal nerve stimulation. This study demonstrated the feasibility of objectively measuring traveling wave velocity in vivo.
Revision stapedectomy
Authors: Langman Alan W. , Lindeman Roger C. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe need for revision stapedectomy surgery still exists despite the many changes that have occurred in the surgical technique for the treatment of stapedial otosclerosis over the past 30 years. Sixty‐six revision stapes operations were analyzed to determine the causes of failure of previously operated cases of stapedial otosclerosis, and to evaluate the hearing results following a revision stapedectomy. Failure was most often due to erosion of the incus (41%), displacement of the prosthesis from the incus (24%), or migration of the prosthesis from the center portion of the oval window (24%). Postoperative improvement of hearing was observed in 81% of ears operated on for a conductive hearing loss. Closure to within 10 dB, however, occurred in 61%. Two ears suffered a deterioration in the sensorineural hearing level following the revision surgery. Speech discrimination scores following revision surgery were improved in 5% of ears and unchanged in the remainder. Although the overall hearing results are less favorable than those seen in primary stapedectomy, revision stapedectomy surgery should continue to be offered to patients whose primary stapes surgery failed or whose initial good result declined over time.
Factors affecting the development of cerebrospinal fluid leak and meningitis after translabyrinthine acoustic tumor surgery
Authors: Rodgers Grayson K. , Luxford William M. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractMeningitis and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak are serious complications of acoustic tumor surgery. Previous reports have varied in the incidence of and the predisposing factors to these complications. This study reviews a series of 723 acoustic tumors removed via the translabyrinthine approach at the House Ear Clinic in Los Angeles. The incidences of CSF leak and meningitis were 6.8% and 2.9%, respectively. The patients who developed these problems were compared to the remainder of the study population for differences in age at surgery, tumor size, operative time, and length of hospital stay. Meningitis occurred more frequently in larger tumors, and patients with either complication had a longer hospital stay. The presence of CSF leak did not predispose to meningitis. It is concluded that technical factors account for postoperative CSF leak and meningitis after translabyrinthine acoustic tumor removal.
Insertional trauma of multichannel cochlear implants
Authors: Welling D. Bradley , Hinojosa Raul , Gantz Bruce J. , Lee Jen‐Tin 
Published: October 2006

AbstractInsertional trauma to the cochlea from three different multichannel cochlear implant electrodes was evaluated in a single‐blind controlled study in fresh human temporal bones. Sixteen fresh human temporal bones were implanted with one of three types of multichannel electrodes (Symbion/InnerAid, Cochlear/Nucleus®, or Storz/UCSF). Seven temporal bones were used as controls where a cochleostomy only was created. The temporal bones were evaluated histologically and cochlear histograms of the trauma were created.Although the three electrode designs caused damage which was unlikely to hinder implant performance, a distinct pattern of trauma was seen with each of the three electrode types. The least traumatic of the three electrode designs in this study was the Nucleus type. The degree of insertional trauma may be relevant to changing indications for insertion of cochlear implants as well as for patients with device failure who require reimplantation.
A comparison of suture versus laser‐assisted microvascular anastomosis (LAMA) in the pig buttock flap model
Authors: Wenig Barry L. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractIntroduction of microvascular free‐tissue transfer to head and neck surgery has completely altered the current approach to extirpation and reconstruction. The increased flexibility now available offers multiple options for reconstruction and has essentially removed the limitations of size and geometry which existed with other types of repair. Despite these advantages, increased surgical time and potential flap failure loom as limiting factors.Since the initial use of sutures to perform microvascular anastomoses, numerous experiments have been conducted in order to identify other options for vessel approximation. Laser‐assisted microvascular anastomosis (LAMA) was first attempted with the neodymium‐yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser and, subsequently, other wavelengths were used in experimental models. Success with this technique has been repeatedly documented.Although a comparable animal model to study skin flaps was initially described in 1979, little is currently available in the literature that describes the actual use of a microvascular free flap model. Certainly, nothing exists regarding the role of LAMA and microvascular free‐tissue transfer.This study was designed to establish a reliable and reproducible animal model to study free‐tissue transfer. Through the use of laser Doppler flowmetry, values of blood perfusion of flaps can be determined. Anastomoses with standard suture and various laserassisted techniques could then be done and compared, analyzing the parameters of time and blood flow. Histologic evaluation could be correlated with clinical observations. In so doing, LAMA could be objectively evaluated as a potentially viable method of vascular reconstruction in microsurgical free‐tissue transfer.
The role of H2 antagonists in perennial allergic rhinitis
Authors: Testa Benedetto , Mesolella Carlo , Filippini Pietro , Campagnano Nicola , Testa Domenico , Mesolella Massimo , Sagnelli Evangelista 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe biological effects of anti‐H2 in allergic reactions are dose dependent: low doses enhance, and high doses significantly decrease the reaction of hypersensitivity. The administration of cimetidine H2 antagonist to 20 perennial allergic rhinitis patients brought about an abatement in the symptoms and a decrease in the total serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels in 72% of treated patients, but no variation was perceived in placebo‐treated patients. These results strengthen the hypothesis of anti–H2‐induced immunoregulatory effects and suggest a possible way of inhibiting IgE synthesis in vivo.
Effect of specific bacteria on lymphocyte proliferation in diseased and nondiseased tonsils
Authors: Koch R. James , Brodsky Linda 
Published: October 2006

AbstractTonsillar tissue lymphocyte (TTL) function as measured by lymphocyte proliferation was assessed in vitro in 38 tonsils–30 diseased and 8 normal controls. TTLs from diseased and control tonsils were challenged with intact, heat‐inactivated bacteria which may be found in the core of diseased tonsils; these bacteria were Streptococcus pyogenes and Hemophilus influenzae type B (HIB), as well as the dominant bacterium (DB) grown from that particular tonsillar core. The phytomitogen leukoagglutinin (LA) was used as a nonspecific activator. Lymphocyte proliferation was quantified and reported using a stimulation index (SI) which was based upon viable cell counts at 2, 4, and 6 days following inoculation.Overall, the greatest degree of lymphocyte proliferation in diseased TTLs (SI = .91) was produced by HIB. However, both SP and HIB produced more lymphocyte proliferation in the nondiseased TTLs than in the diseased TTLs (P<.01). H influenzae (non‐B) and group A β‐hemolytic streptococci were the pathogens most frequently cultured as the dominant bacteria from the core of diseased tonsils; Streptococcus viridans was most frequently cultured in nondiseased tonsils. The DB caused greater TTL proliferation in diseased (SI = .89) versus control (SI = .63) TTLs (P<.001). These findings suggest a differential proliferative response in vitro for diseased and non‐diseased TTLs in response to specific bacteria. The role of possibly pathogenic bacteria and commensals, as well as the implications for clinical disease, are discussed.
Ossification patterns of the tympanic facial canal in the human fetus and neonate
Authors: Spector J. Gershon , Ge Xianxi 
Published: October 2006

AbstractDehiscences in the bony facial canal are comparatively common in the human adult. The highest incidence occurs in the tympanic segment of the facial nerve near the region of the oval window. Thirty‐three fetal temporal bones, ranging from 16 to 40 weeks' gestation, and four from 1, 2, 4 and 12 weeks' postpartum neonates, were studied to evaluate the normal patterns of ossification of the fallopian canal of the tympanic facial nerve segment in the human. The tympanic facial nerve segment elongates threefold during this period (from 1 mm to 3 mm). The ossification starts at 21 weeks' gestation anteriorly from apical otic ossification centers and at 26 weeks from canalicular ossification centers near the stapedius muscle. The ossification proceeds in an anterior‐to‐posterior direction as two periosteal shelves of bone surround the facial nerve. The superior periosteal bony ledge contributes 75% of the circumference of the fallopian canal. The anterior ossification center forms over 83% of the fallopian canal length. The two centers fuse post partum near the region of the oval window. The anatomic location of the facial nerve, nerve branching, and neural vasculature precede ossification. In 80% of the paired temporal bones, this ossification pattern appears to be symmetrical. The patterns and incidence of bony dehiscences within the tympanic fallopian canal segment can be explained by these observations. This study demonstrates that fallopian canal dehiscences are not congenital anomalies, but variations of normal developmental anatomic processes.