bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
INCREASED SERUM PROLACTIN IN DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS; CORRELATION BETWEEN SERUM SODIUM AND SERUM PROLACTIN CONCENTRATION
Authors: Hanssen Kristian F. , Torjesen Peter A. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
In 8 patients with diabetic ketoacidosis, serum prolactin was measured and found to be elevated (24.8 ± 10.2 ng/ml, mean ± sem). After correction of the ketoacidosis, the prolactin level decreased to 10.9 ± 6.4 ng/ml (normal range men 4.9 ± 0.8, women 5.1 ± 1.6 ng/ml). The scatter of prolactin values was wide. A study of the correlation between the serum prolactin values and chemical parameters that are altered in diabetic ketoacidosis was therefore undertaken. Serum prolactin values did not correlate well with the serum bicarbonate concentration or serum osmolality. However, a significant negative correlation between log serum prolactin concentration and serum sodium concentration was demonstrated (r=−0.61, P<0.001).
It is suggested that serum prolactin may possibly participate in sodium retention in man as has been demonstrated in studies on animals.
EXTREMELY HIGH LEVELS OF CORTICOSTEROIDS AND LOW LEVELS OF CORTICOSTEROID BINDING MACROMOLECULE IN PLASMA OF MARMOSET MONKEYS
Authors: Yamamoto S. , Utsu S. , Tanioka Y. , Ohsawa N. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Marmoset monkeys were shown to have extremely high resting plasma corticosteroid levels compared to those of macaque monkeys and humans. A major component of corticosteroids seems to be cortisol. Levels of total 11-deoxy-17-KS in plasma of marmoset monkeys were very low (<0.01–0.04 μg/ml). Following the injection of ACTH, plasma corticosteroid levels of marmoset monkeys increased by 18–62% (at 1 h), and by 62–160% (at 2 h). Concentrations of plasma corticosteroid binding macromolecule in marmoset monkeys were extremely low (< 10 nm). It was suggested that in these monkeys, the majority of plasma corticosteroids exists in non-protein bound forms.
SERUM DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE AND DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE SULPHATE IN BABOON (PAPIO PAPIO) PREGNANCY
Authors: Townsley John D. , Pepe Gerald J. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Dehydroepiandrosterone (D) and dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DS) concentrations were determined by radioimmunoassay in peripheral sera of non-pregnant, pregnant (55 days to term) and newborn baboons and in umbilical sera of animals delivered by Caesarean section close to term. D concentrations (mean ± sd, μg/100 ml, N) in non-pregnant animals (1.61 ± 1.32, 23) were not different (P > 0.05) from those during pregnancy (1.80 ± 1.21, 101). DS concentrations, expressed as unconjugated D, in non-pregnant (13.5 ± 6.0, 23) and pregnant (15.1 ± 7.5, 101) animals were also similar (P > 0.05). However, both D (P < 0.01) and DS (P < 0.005) levels increased with gestational age such that serum D (2.46±1.39, 23, P < 0.05) and DS (18.9 ± 5.7, 23, P < 0.001) levels between 150 and 180 days gestation were greater than in non-pregnant animals. These increases may be important since oestrogen production rises rapidly during late gestation and both D and DS can serve as oestrogen precursors. In both non-pregnant (P < 0.005) and pregnant (P < 0.001) animals D and DS concentrations (ratio 1:8) were correlated. Cord serum D levels (2.4 ± 1.4, 5) were not different from those of maternal serum (P > 0.05), while cord DS levels (40.3 ± 14.8) were greater (P < 0.001) than those of maternal serum. This may reflect rapid equilibration of D but not DS between foetal and maternal circulations. In sera from neonates, D (19.4 ± 14.6, 8) and DS 567 ± 570, 8) concentrations were greater (P < 0.001) than those in maternal serum, indicating marked post-partal changes in clearance or production of both compounds. The high levels of D and DS in cord and newborn sera are compatible with the view that the baboon foetus makes appreciable contributions of oestrogen precursors in pregnancy.
PLASMA LH AND FSH RESPONSE TO LRH AND PLASMA TESTOSTERONE LEVELS IN BOYS WITH IRREGULAR PUBERTY
Authors: Dickerman Zvi , Bar-Haim Yehuda , Prager-Lewin Ruth , Kaufman Haiuta , Laron Zvi 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Nineteen boys with irregular puberty (IP), defined as a discrepancy of two or more pubertal stages between the criteria for genitalia and that for pubic hair, were subjected to a standard LRH test (50 μg/m2, iv) and the response of gonadotrophins as well as the basal levels of plasma testosterone, LH and FSH were compared to those of boys with normal, regular puberty.
When the results were plotted against the pubertal stage for genitalia (Pg), it was found that in the boys with IP the basal plasma testosterone levels were lower and the response of plasma LH to LRH stimulation lesser than in the controls. However, when these parameters were plotted against the pubertal stage for pubic hair (Ph) it was found, that in the boys with IP the plasma testosterone levels were significantly higher and the response of both LH and FSH stimulation greater than in the control group.
It was concluded that irregular puberty in boys may be regarded as a normal variation. The delayed development of sexual hair and penile length, and retarded pubertal growth spurt and bone age maturation seen in these boys, with normal testicular development, may be explained by a temporary reduced peripheral sensitivity to androgens and a compensatory effort by the pituitary, manifested in increased secretion of LH and testosterone, relatively to their pubertal stage for pubic hair.
A COMPARISON OF THE EFFECT OF TSH, GH AND PROLACTIN ON THE RENAL IODIDE EXCRETION IN UNRESTRAINED RABBITS
Authors: Vadstrup Steen 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The immediate effect of graded iv doses of heterologous TSH, GH and prolactin on the renal iodide excretion was studied in unrestrained rabbits with implanted Geiger Müller detectors.
Both TSH and GH lowered the fractional excretion rate of iodide. The duration of the effect was significantly correlated to the magnitude of the administered dose. The lowest dose with a significant effect was 10–20 mU TSH and 50 mU GH. Prolactin had no similar effect even in high pharmacological doses.
An effect similar to that of small TSH doses was recorded following administration of 20–40 μg TRH iv.
The immediate effect of GH on the iodide excretion accords with previous reports about a similar effect on sodium excretion and suggests, that the effect of GH and TSH on the iodide excretion is secondary to a general effect on kidney function.
The demonstration, that the effect is present in unrestrained animals after administration of physiological doses indicates, that the effect is not only of pharmacological significance, but may also have physiological significance.
SPORADIC NON-TOXIC GOITRE
Authors: Parker J. L. W. , Ratcliffe J. G. , Alexander W. D. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Thirty-six patients with non-toxic goitre were reviewed after a mean period of 13 years. Initially 19 patients were iodine deficient (Group I) and 17 had normal plasma inorganic iodine (Group II). In general the iodine deficient patients had larger goitres, developed more complications (26 % became hyperthyroid, hypothyroid or required partial thyroidectomy), and required more treatment. There were marked changes in thyroid function tests. In both groups thyroid uptake fell and PII rose though the final PII remained significantly lower in Group I patients. Thyroid and renal iodide clearance fell significantly in Group I patients only. In both groups the final mean total serum T3 levels were abnormally elevated whereas the mean PBI levels did not change significantly during the period of study and the final mean total T4 concentrations were normal.
All goitres became smaller and there were no complications in patients whose goitre became impalpable. No cases of malignancy and no postoperative recurrences of goitre were observed.
It is suggested that the incidence of complications in those patients who persist with palpable goitres is sufficient to merit follow-up of this group.
RAPID DISAPPEARANCE OF LOADING DOSES OF THYROXINE FROM BLOOD AND THEIR EXCRETION BY THE BILE IN RATS
Authors: Langer Pavel , Kokešová Hana , Michajlovskij Nikolaj , Gschwendtová Klaudia , Hrčka Rudolf , Bukovská Mária 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The disapperarance of loading doses of thyroxine (T4) (100–20 000 μg T4 iv per rat weighing about 400 g) was measured with the aid of new technique allowing frequent blood sampling with maintenance of isovolaemia in anaesthetized animals. It was found that as early as 2 min after the injection more than half of the administered dose disappeared from the blood, while after 300 min only about 2 % of that remained in the plasma. The direct relationship between the administered dose of T4 and both the relative and absolute level of free dialyzable T4 as well as of per cent of T4 displaced from the plasma by sodium salicylate in vivo was demonstrated. Moreover, it was found that about 60 % of administered T4 is excreted by the bile within 300 min irrespective of the dose given, about 15 and 50% of that being found in the small intestine after 15 and 180 min, respectively. When two loading doses of T4 were subsequently administered and labelled with different isotopes, the amount of T4 from the first dose excreted by the bile was proportional to the amount of T4 from a second dose administered 18 h later. From all these observations it was concluded that, in vivo, an effective system for removal of the loading doses of thyroxine from the blood exists, and is presumably located in rapidly equilibrating tissues, mainly in the liver. From this point of view it appears that plasma protein carriers play an important role in the whole body economy of thyroxine, namely by maintaining a certain level in the blood to cover the actual functional needs of peripheral tissues.
SOMATOMEDIN A AND B IN SERUM FROM NEONATES, THEIR MOTHERS AND CORD BLOOD
Authors: Svan H. , Hall K. , Ritzén M. , Takano K. , Skottner A. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Somatomedin A by radioreceptor assay and somatomedin B by radioimmunoassay were measured in serum from women immediately after parturition and from their newborns. The mean levels of somatomedin A in both mothers (0.54 U/ml) and infants (0.50 U/ml) were significantly decreased compared to a reference group consisting of 21 non-pregnant women (0.91 U/ml). There was no difference between the mothers and their children.
The mean somatomedin B value in serum from the mothers (63.9 μg/ml) was above that found in non-pregnant women (19.2 μg/ml) and the mean value in cord blood and serum from the infants (7.1 μg/ml) was below it. A positive correlation was noted between somatomedin A and B in cord blood; r = 0.78. The combined somatomedin A and B values in cord blood were positively correlated to birth weight (r = 0.51, P < 0.05).
SEX HORMONE BINDING GLOBULIN BINDING CAPACITY, TESTOSTERONE, 5α-DIHYDROTESTOSTERONE, OESTRADIOL AND PROLACTIN IN PLASMA OF PATIENTS WITH PROSTATIC CARCINOMA UNDER VARIOUS TYPES OF HORMONAL TREATMENT
Authors: Bartsch W. , Horst H.-J. , Becker H. , Nehse G. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) binding capacity, the concentrations of testosterone (T), of 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT), of oestradiol-17β (Oe2), of oestrone (Oe1), of prolactin (hPr) and the percentual specific binding of T to SHBG (% TB) were measured in plasma of patients suffering from prostatic carcinoma and of a control group of similar age. No significant differences in any of the investigated parameters were found between the control group and the carcinoma patients before treatment although 15 % of the latter showed distinctly elevated hPr values. Treatment of carcinoma patients with
1) Antiandrogen (cyproterone acetate, Androcur®) resulted in a significant decrease of T, Oe2 and SHBG. The DHT/T-ratio increased. n = 5.
2) Orchidectomy caused an even more pronounced fall in T, DHT, Oe1 and Oe2 blood levels. SHBG was not altered. DHT/T-ratio increased. n = 32.
3) Cyproterone acetate after orchidectomy led to elevated hPr values. n = 5.
4) Oestrogen (diethylstilboestrol-diphosphate, Honvan®) after orchidectomy increased SHBG and hPr. n = 6.
5) Corticosteroid (Prednisone, Decortin®) after orchidectomy decreased T and SHBG below the levels found after orchidectomy alone, n = 5.
6) Diureticum (Mefruside, Baycaron®) (n = 5) or
7) a placebo (n = 7) did not alter any of the parameters measured.
8) Treatment with HCG (Primogonyl®) of patients suffering from oligozoospermia resulted in a significant increase of T, DHT and Oe2. SHBG was not altered. DHT/T-ratio decreased, n = 7.
CONTRIBUTION OF LACTIC ACID BY THE AMPULLARY AND ISTHMIC PARTS OF RABBIT FALLOPIAN TUBE UNDER ALTERED HORMONAL CONDITIONS
Authors: Misra Deepa , Gupta D. N. , Karkun J. N. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The capability of the ampullary and isthmic parts of the rabbit Fallopian tube to contribute lactic acid (LA) to the tubal lumen was examined using an in vitro method of study. In addition concomitant study was also made using the uterus.
It was found that in the oestrous rabbit, the isthmus contributed LA at a higher rate than that of the ampulla; the uterine contribution was minimal.
Ovariectomy reduced while exogenous oestrogen enhanced this ability in all the three tissues.
In mated post-ovulatory rabbits the contributory efficiency of either tubal part changed and appeared to exhibit a peak value in the presence of the ovum; the uterus showed no such changes. This is discussed in relation to the ability of the egg to secure its energy source until it attained morula/the pre-blastocyst stage.
THYROID FUNCTION AND PLASMA CYCLIC AMP RESPONSE TO INTRAVENOUS GLUCAGON
Authors: Madsen S. Nistrup 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The glucagon stimulated increase in plasma cyclic AMP has been studied in 17 healthy subjects, in 13 hyperthyroid and in 14 hypothyroid patients. Six hyperthyroid and 2 hypothyroid patients were re-investigated after at least 15 months of treatment. The results show:
1) The glucagon stimulated cyclic AMP response is significantly increased in hyperthyroid patients considered as a group, and is reduced in patients with hypothyroidism.
2) Three hyperthyroid and 4 hypothyroid patients showed a normal response to iv glucagon, indicating that the plasma cyclic AMP response to iv glucagon is not a sensitive test for the evaluation of peripheral thyroid states. This suggests that the effects of thyroid hormones in the liver does not necessarily follow the effects in other tissues.
3) Re-investigation of treated patients showed that the cyclic AMP response can be normalized by treatment, both in hyperthyroidism and in hypothyroidism. However, in patients treated for hyperthyroidism a hyper-response to glucagon can continue after blood levels of thyroid hormones are reduced to normal.
This suggests an inertia in the loss of the hyper-response to glucagon, once a hyperfunction has been induced. A similar inertia in the loss of glucagon sensitivity in hypothyroidism could explain the large number of normal tests in hypothyroid patients.
EFFECTS OF AMIODARONE ON THYROID IODINE METABOLISM IN VITRO1)
Authors: Gluzman Bernardo E. , Coleoni Aldo H. , Targovnik Héctor M. , Niepomniszcze Hugo 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Since alterations of thyroid function have been reported in patients treated with amiodarone, 2-butyl,3-(4-diethylaminoethoxy-3,5- diiodo, benzoyl) benzofuran, the effects of this drug on the active iodide transport, organic iodine formation, thyroid peroxidase and the enzymatic iodotyrosine deiodination, were studied. In pig thyroid slices the iodide transport was affected by amiodarone at concentrations of 10−4 m and 10−5 M, showing a decrease of T/M (tissue/medium) ratios of 20% and 23%, respectively. Lower concentrations produced no significant differences from the controls. Iodotyrosine synthesis was only, but poorly, affected by 10−4 m and 10−5 m amiodarone. Inhibition of the DIT formation was greater than that produced for MIT. Thyroid peroxidase activity, as measured by the tyrosine-iodinase assay, showed a 20% decrease at 10−3 m amiodarone. None of the other concentrations have affected the activity of the enzyme, except for 7% at a concentration of 10−4 m. The iodotyrosine deiodination was affected by amiodarone only at a concentration of 10−3 m and 10−4 m. The inhibitions were of 22.5% and 16.8%, respectively.
We have concluded that, under the conditions of our study, amiodarone per se does not affect the intrathyroidal iodine metabolism in concentrations which are usually present in the sera of patients treated with this drug. However, it is not possible to rule out an in vivo direct action, if amiodarone is substantially concentrated in the human thyroid gland.
EFFECT OF INSULIN AND ADRENALINE ON CYCLIC AMP IN THE DIAPHRAGM OF NORMAL AND DIABETIC RATS
Authors: Edén Staffan , Albertsson-Wikland Kerstin , Rosberg Sten , Isaksson Olle 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The effects of insulin and adrenaline on cyclic AMP (cAMP) levels in diaphragms of normal, streptozotocin-diabetic and insulin-treated diabetic rats were studied. Adrenaline caused a biphasic rise in cAMP with peak values of cAMP within the first few minutes. Diaphragms of diabetic rats showed an increased responsiveness to adrenaline. Injection of insulin to diabetic rats normalized the rise in cAMP after addition of adrenaline. There was no difference in basal levels of cAMP between diaphragms of normal, diabetic or insulin-treated diabetic rats. Insulin in vitro did not affect basal cAMP-levels or the release of cAMP from the tissue but significantly decreased adrenaline-induced peak levels of cAMP. This effect of insulin was abolished by theophylline.
The results of the present study suggest that experimental diabetes is associated with changes of the adenylate cyclase and/or phosphodiesterase enzyme activities in skeletal muscle resulting in an increased responsiveness to adrenaline. Since insulin in vitro depressed the adrenaline-induced elevation of cAMP the increased responsiveness in diaphragms of diabetic rats might be attributed to the specific lack of insulin.
CORRELATION BETWEEN RISES OF GONADOTROPHINS AND RISES OF SEX STEROIDS DURING CLOMIPHENE TEST IN MEN
Authors: Johnsen Svend G. , Jørgensen F. Schønau , Kampmann Jens P. , Bennett Paul , Micic Snezana , Svenstrup Birgit 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Serum FSH, LH and testosterone and urinary excretion of androsterone, aetiocholanolone, dehydroepiandrosterone and total oestrogens were measured in normal and oligospermic men before and after clomiphene stimulation. Responses in all parameters were highly variably from one individual to another and this great variation formed the basis for investigating the correlations between responses. There was no correlation between increase of FSH and LH or increase of LH and steroids. Also there was no correlation between rises of FSH and rises of androgens. But a significant correlation existed between rises of FSH and rises of oestrogens. This confirms that one action of FSH is to stimulate production of testicular oestrogens which presumably takes place in the Sertoli cells.
CORRELATIVE STUDY OF RADIORECEPTOR ASSAY AND RADIOIMMUNOASSAY OF SERUM GROWTH HORMONE IN CHILDREN: NORMAL CHILDREN AND HGH -TREATED PITUITARY DWARFS
Authors: Garnier Philippe E. , Job Jean-Claude , Repellin A. M. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A sensitive and reproducible radioreceptor assay (RRA) for human growth hormone (HGH) is described. It allows the evaluation of HGH concentrations as low as 2 ng/ml. It has a limited cross-reactivity with human prolactin, which does not interfere at physiological levels in children. Comparison of the results with those of radioimmunoassay (RIA) showed no discrepancies in the serum of normal children before and after stimulation tests for GH (mean RRA/RIA ratio 1.03 ± sem 0.04, range 0.75 to 1.65) nor in the serum from hypopituitary dwarfs during the 12 h following an im injection of 6 mg of HGH (mean RRA/RIA ratio 1.05 ± sem 0.04, range 0.84 to 1.28). It is concluded that receptoractivity of HGH is parallel to its immunoreactivity in normal children and in hypopituitary patients receiving clinical grade HGH.
CELL-MEDIATED AUTOIMMUNITY IN THYROID DISEASE AS STUDIED BY THE LEUKOCYTE MIGRATION TEST; CORRELATION TO CLINICAL STATE AND EFFECT OF TREATMENT
Authors: Tötterman T. H. , Mäkinen Tuulikki , Gordin A. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
We have used a modified leukocyte migration test (LMT) for the study of cell-mediated immunity (CMI) against thyroid antigen in 100 thyroid patients and 20 healthy controls. In 57 cases of Graves' disease, the greatest mean inhibition of leukocyte migration was seen in untreated, hyperthyroid patients as compared with patients treated with thyrostatic drugs, radioiodine or surgery. The differences in means between untreated and treated patients were not, however, significant, but the number of patients with a positive LMT (i. e., showing significant inhibition) was greater in the untreated group (92 %) than in the treated groups (50–77 %). Four out of 5 patients with euthyroid Graves' disease were positive. It is concluded that the LMT cannot be used to predict remission in Graves' disease. In the present study, 9 out of 12 cases with toxic nodular goitre had a positive LMT, and there was no difference in mean migration between treated and untreated patients. In 9 cases of symptomless autoimmune thyroiditis the distribution of leukocyte migration was dual: 6 showed significant inhibition and 3 significant stimulation, indicating evidence of CMI in this disease as well. Furthermore, 10 out of 14 cases with spontaneous primary hypothyroidism showed inhibition in the LMT, and there was no difference between untreated cases and cases euthyroid on substitution therapy. Eight patients with non-toxic goitre served as "thyroid controls", and they were all negative in the test.
ISOLATION OF TSH-RESPONSIVE HUMAN THYROCYTES-ANALYSIS OF VARIOUS THYROID TUMOURS
Authors: Breustedt Hans-Jörg , Nolde Siegmar , Schumacher Matthias , Hilz Helmuth 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A method for the isolation of hormone-responsive thyrocyte suspensions from human tumours is described.
Cells from normal and adenomatous thyroid tissue responded to thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) by a concentration-dependent increase in cAMP. Bovine TSH usually produced half-maximal elevation of cAMP levels at concentrations between 2 and 4 mU/ml. Human TSH caused half-maximal stimulation at 3–8 times lower concentrations indicating considerable species specificity of the human TSH receptor. Other hormones were without influence except prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) which evoked moderate elevations of the cAMP levels.
Kinetic analyses of various thyroid tumours revealed marked differences in TSH induced increases in the intracellular cAMP levels with respect to the time course as well as to the extent of the maximal response. Theophylline, which by itself had a rather small effect on basal cAMP levels, acted synergistically with TSH in most cases, leading to values up to 20 times above the control values. The kinetics also indicated the existence in stimulated cells of two cAMP pools exhibiting different susceptibility to phosphodiesterase.
Cells from adenomatous goitres with hyperplasia exhibited significantly lower basal cAMP levels than thyrocytes from the other goitres and from normal tissue. Other classes of thyroid tumours also showed characteristic differences with regard to basal cAMP and degree of stimulation by TSH and theophylline.