bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SERUM THYROTROPHIN, TRIIODOTHYRONINE AND THYROXINE LEVELS BY RADIOIMMUNOASSAY DURING CHILDHOOD AND ADOLESCENCE
Authors: García-Bulnes G. , Cervantes C. , Cerbón M. A. , Tudon H. , Argote R. M. , Parra A. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Serum thyrotrophin (TSH), triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) were measured by radioimmunoassay in 165 boys and 171 girls, clinically healthy, aged 6.1 to 16.0 years with normal weight and height, grouped at 12 months' intervals. The TSH values in boys ranged from 5.0 ± 0.6 to 6.1 ± 0.6 μU/ml without significant age differences. In girls, TSH level was 5.3 ± 0.5 μU/ml at the age of 6.0 to 7.0 and 7.4 ± 0.5 μU/ml at the age of 10.1 to 11.0 (P < 0.001). Girls had higher values than boys from 9.1 to 11.0 years (P < 0.025). In boys the T3 level was 182 ± 10 ng/100 ml at age 6.0 to 7.0 and 230 ± 15 ng/100 ml at age 11.1 to 12.0 (P < 0.025). Girls had higher values from the age of 9.1 on (215 ± 12 ng/100 ml), but after 13.1 years they decreased (P < 0.025). Girls had higher T3 levels than boys at age 10.1 to 11.0 (P < 0.025), but this difference disappeared when T3 concentrations in girls of this age were compared to boys aged 11.1 to 12.0. In boys and girls, T4 levels tended to be lower with increasing age (r = −0.860, P < 0.01) and there was a significant difference between the values seen up to 9.0 years and those after 13.1 years (P < 0.025 − < 0.001). Girls had lower values than boys at the age of 8.1 to 9.0; however, this difference disappeared when girls of this age were compared to boys 9.1 to 10.0 years old.
It is concluded that previous to and around puberty initiation in both sexes, there is a rise in T3, followed by a progressive decrease in T4 with a rise in TSH only in girls. These changes occurred one year earlier in girls than in boys. These observations may represent transient adaptation responses to the increasing energy needs during periods of rapid growth.
EFFECTS OF BLINDING, PINEALECTOMY AND SUPERIOR CERVICAL GANGLIONECTOMY ON FREE THYROXINE INDEX OF MALE GOLDEN HAMSTERS
Authors: Vriend Jerry , Sackman Jeffrey W. , Reiter Russel J. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Blinding young male golden hamsters led to a depression of the plasma free thyroxine index after an 8 week period. Removal of either the pineal gland or the superior cervical ganglia of blind hamsters reversed the effects of blinding on free thyroxine index. No significant effects were observed 2 weeks after treatment. Previously reported effects of blinding, and removal of the pineal gland or the superior cervical ganglia on testicular weight were confirmed. A similar mechanism of pineal inhibition of thyroid function and gonadal function is suggested.
HYPOPHYSIS AND FUNCTION OF PANCREATIC ISLETS
Authors: Sieradzki J. , Schatz H. , Pfeiffer E. F. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The effects of the recognized diabetogenic hormones, growth hormone and ACTH, administered in vivo, on (pro-)insulin biosynthesis and secretion in isolated islets of normal rats were studied. Rats were treated with these hormones for 4 weeks. Afterwards, their collagenase-isolated islets were incubated with [3H]leucine for 3 h. (Pro-)Insulin biosynthesis was estimated for the incorporation data into islet protein fractions.
Islets of treated rats released significantly more insulin and incorporated significantly less [3H]leucine into proinsulin and insulin compared with controls when tested at 100 mg glucose/100 ml. At 200 mg glucose/100 ml, no significant differences were found. The findings demonstrate an impact of these hormones on the B-cells derived from normal pancreas of intact rats. The alterations are, however, not very pronounced and can be easily compensated under a strong glucose stimulus. It appears that the mechanisms for (pro-)insulin biosynthesis and release in rats are more resistant against the diabetogenic actions of pituitary hormones than in other species.
COMPARATIVE STUDIES ON THE METABOLISM OF OESTRADIOL IN THE BRAIN, THE PITUITARY AND THE LIVER OF THE RAT
Authors: Ball P. , Haupt M. , Knuppen R. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Radioactive oestradiol was incubated with homogenates of hypothalamus, pituitary and liver and slices of cortex, hippocampus, hypothalamus, pituitary and liver of ovariectomized rats. 2- and 4-substituted oestrogens were the main metabolites in the brain and were found in the same proportions. In the liver only the 2-substituted oestrogens were the main metabolites, while the 4-substituted ones were of minor quantitative importance. On the basis of wet weight the 2-hydroxylating capacity of the liver was approximately 50 fold greater than that of the brain and the 4-hydroxylating capacity about the same as that of the brain.
Only slight differences in the 2- and 4-hydroxylating capacity of various brain areas were observed, although apparently the hypothalamus and the pituitary were more active in the formation of catecholoestrogens than the cortex and the hippocampus.
EFFECT OF THE DEPLETION OF BRAIN NORADRENALINE ON THE PLASMA FSH AND GROWTH HORMONE LEVELS IN OVARIECTOMIZED RATS
Authors: Endröczi E. , Marton I. , Radnai Z. , Biró J. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The electrolytic lesion of locus coeruleus reduced the hypothalamic noradrenaline (NE) content to 28% of the control values and resulted in a marked decrease of the plasma FSH level in ovariectomized rats before puberty. The local microinjection of 6-OH-dopamine into the locus coeruleus led to a reduction in the hypothalamic NE content to 21% of the control level and induced a decrease of the compensatory ovarian hypertrophy and that of the plasma FSH level. The electrolytic lesion of the locus coeruleus or the 6-OH-dopamine treatment failed to influence the plasma growth hormone (GH) level. The observations support the hypothesis that ventral noradrenergic projection is involved in controlling the pituitary FSH secretion.
EXTRATHYROIDAL EFFECTS OF PROPYLTHIOURACIL AND CARBIMAZOLE ON SERUM T4, T3, REVERSE T3 AND TRH-INDUCED TSH-RELEASE IN MAN
Authors: Siersbæk-Nielsen K. , Kirkegaard C. , Rogowski P. , Faber J. , Lumholtz B. , Friis Th. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A possible extrathyroidal effect of propylthiouracil (PTU) and carbimazole on serum levels of thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), 3,3′,5′-triiodothyronine (reverse T3) and on thyrotrophin-releasing hormone (TRH) induced thyrotrophin (TSH) release was estimated in 19 patients with severe hypothyroidism treated with T4. During PTU medication a significant decrease in serum T3 from 90 ± 16 (sd) to 79 ± 23 ng/100 ml (P < 0.01) and a reciprocal increase in serum reverse T3 from 51 ± 14 (sd) to 58 ± 20 ng/100 ml (P < 0.025) were found. No significant changes in serum T4, basal serum TSH or response to TRH could be demonstrated. Carbimazole did not change any of the parameters studied.
CYCLIC AMP AND CYCLIC GMP ACCUMULATION IN HAMSTER PRE-OVULATORY FOLLICLES STIMULATED WITH LH AND FSH
Authors: Makris Anastasia , Ryan Kenneth J. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP accumulation in hamster pre-ovulatory follicles was determined after in vitro stimulation by LH and FSH. Combined time course and dose response experiments determined that the acute response of the follicles (0–30 min) to LH and FSH was similar with respect to cyclic AMP accumulation. The pattern of cyclic GMP accumulation was, however, distinctly different in LH and FSH stimulated follicles. LH increased follicular cyclic GMP only at the lowest dose (0.005 IU/ml), while higher doses of LH had no effect. In contrast, FSH at all doses stimulated cyclic GMP accumulation. The different cyclic AMP to cyclic relationships generated in the follicles by LH and FSH may be determinants in specificity of hormone action in pre-ovulatory follicles.
GALACTORRHOEA AND HYPOGONADISM ASSOCIATED WITH A RADIOLOGICALLY-INAPPARENT PROLACTIN-SECRETING PITUITARY TUMOUR
Authors: McKenna Terence J. , Glick Alan D. , Cobb Cully A. , Jacobs Laurence S. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A 38 year old man was investigated because of impotence, gynaecomastia and galactorrhoea. Hyperprolactinaemia and hypogonadism were documented. Pituitary function was otherwise normal as was tomographic examination of the sella turcica. In the absence of direct evidence of pituitary involvement (hyperprolactinaemia can suppress gonadal function) and to exclude ectopic prolactin production, venous blood was drawn at multiple sites. The highest prolactin levels were found in the superior vena cava and above, indicating an intracranial source. At transsphenoidal hypophysectomy a microadenoma was removed; tumour cells contained typical prolactin secretory granules on electron microscopy.
In the light of this report the appropriateness of dividing hyperprolactinaemia into "tumourous" and "idiopathic" subgroups on the basis of sella size must be reconsidered. Functional tests do not distinguish between the subgroups although prolactin levels tend to be higher when the sella is enlarged. Only a quantitative rather than a qualitative difference may exist between the subgroups.
STUDY OF ADH SECRETION IN ADRENALECTOMIZED RATS AND EFFECTS OF DEXAMETHASONE
Authors: Marchetti Jeannine , Burlet Arlette , Boulangé Michel 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Urinary ADH (antidiuretic hormone) excretion was determined in adrenalectomized rats which were given a 0.9 % NaCl sodium as drinking water. The animals were adrenalectomized and studied after either 4 or 7 days. In both cases, urinary ADH excretion was twice as high as in sham-operated rats indicating that adrenalectomy enhances ADH release. The ADH content of neurohypophyses (LN) was also measured in these rats: 4 days after adrenalectomy no alteration in the hormonal content could be detected, but an increase of 40 % occurred 7 days later. The accumulation of ADH in the neurohypophysis of these animals suggests that the hormonal synthesis is also increased after adrenalectomy and to a greater proportion than the amount of ADH released.
Urinary ADH excretion returned to normal after administration of pharmacological doses of dexamethasone. Three days of dexamethasone treatment prevented the increase of ADH in neurohypophyses of rats which had been adrenalectomized 4 days before the start of the treatment.
The effects of a glucocorticoid lack and of dexamethasone treatment on the synthesis and release of ADH are discussed; moreover a control of the effects of glucocorticoids on ADH synthesis has to be taken into consideration.
FAMILIAL PARTIAL PERIPHERAL RESISTANCE TO THYROID HORMONES
Authors: Lamberg B.-A. , Rosengård S. , Liewendahl K. , Saarinen P. , Evered D. C. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A male aged 21 was found to have elevated serum PBI on several occasions. Further studies revealed clinical euthyroidism with raised serum concentrations of T4, T3 and free T4 with normal hormone binding capacity of the thyroxine binding proteins and normal thyroid-pituitary relationships. The response to TRH was high normal or on one occasion exaggerated. The extrathyroidal thyroxine pool and the daily turnover of thyroxine were considerably above the upper limit of the normal. The subject had no goitre. These findings indicated partial peripheral resistance to thyroid hormones including the pituitary gland. There were no circulating antibodies to thyroglobulin, thyroid microsomes, T4 or T3. A study of the propositus' family revealed an autosomal dominant heredity of this abnormality. Similar findings were found in the brother, mother and the two uncles of the propositus. In these subjects the serum concentrations of T4, T3 and free T4 as well as that of rT3 were raised above the normal. The subjects studied were clinically euthyroid. Goitre was present only in the older members of the family. The response to TRH was usually high normal or at times exaggerated and the basal TSH level seemed to fluctuate during years of follow-up indicating a continuous adjustment of the thyroid function by means of TSH secretion. The mother and the older uncle had previously been treated because of hyperthyroidism. Only the mother had circulating thyroid antibodies and none of the family members had antibodies against T4 or T3. This hereditary condition seems to have a very mild clinical manifestation in this family.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CIRCULATING FREE AND BOUND INSULIN, INSULIN ANTIBODIES, INSULIN DOSAGE AND DIABETIC CONTROL IN INSULIN TREATED DIABETICS
Authors: Asplin C. M. , Hartog M. , Goldie D. J. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Free and bound insulin concentrations, blood glucose and anti-insulin antibody binding characteristics have been determined in 100 insulin treated diabetics; median serum free insulin was 11 mU/l when fasting and rose to 30 mU/l after the mid-day meal. Significant correlation between blood glucose and serum free (but not bound) insulin was found. No relationship between insulin antibodies and daily insulin dose or diabetic control were found, nor a relationship between free insulin and antibody characteristics.
EFFECT OF GROWTH HORMONE AND NUTRITION ON THE LEVEL OF SOMATOMEDIN A IN THE RAT
Authors: Takano Kazue , Hizuka Naomi , Kawai Koichi , Shizume Kazuo 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Somatomedin A was determined by radioreceptor assay of serum from rats with various conditions. The mean value of somatomedin A in 28 day old male rats was 6.2 ± 0.44 U/ml. Following hypophysectomy, serum somatomedin A decreased with a half-life of approximately 6 h. After a single ip injection of human growth hormone into hypophysectomized rats, the levels of somatomedin A increased within 4 h and reached the maximal level between 8 and 24 h. There was a dose-dependent increase of somatomedin A at 24 h after injection of hGH when the injected dose was between 3.2 and 80 μg.
Serum somatomedin A was significantly decreased after 24 h of fasting to the same levels as after hypophysectomy. However the changes in serum rGH between fasting rats and fed rats did not show any significant differences. After different intakes of diets with different composition for 32 days, the mean levels of serum somatomedin A were 14.5 ± 2.2, 6.22 ± 0.4, 2.5 ± 0.3 and 13.0 ± 1.1 U/ml when control-, high protein-, high carbohydrate-low protein- and high fat diets were given respectively. There was a positive correlation between the per cent increase in weight and the serum level of somatomedin A.
These results indicate that not only growth hormone but also adequate food intake is required for the generation of somatomedin.
URINARY EXCRETION OF THYROXINE AND TRIIODOTHYRONINE IN DIFFERENT THYROID FUNCTION STATES IN MAN
Authors: Rogowski Preben , Siersbæk-Nielsen Kaj , Hansen Jens Mølholm 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Urinary thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) have been measured by radioimmunoassay using trapping and separation on small Sephadex® columns. Serum concentrations of total and free T4 and T3 and endogenous creatinine clearance was also estimated. In 67 euthyroid controls the 24 h urinary T4 excretion varied in parallel with age dependent changes in renal function from mean 1788 to 1051 ng. Urinary T3 also decreased with age from mean 635 to 280 ng/24 h. Mean urinary clearance of T4 varied from 40.4 to 22.1 ml/min and T3 clearance from 160 to 107 ml/min parallel with creatinine clearance. The corresponding mean creatinine clearance values varied from 95 to 57 ml/min. In 24 hyperthyroid patients urinary T4 and T3 were highly increased, dependent on elevated free hormones in the serum to mean 3505 and 3865 ng/24 h. The corresponding T4 and T3 clearance mean values were 16.7 and 90.0 ml/min. In 7 untreated hypothyroid patients very low urinary T4 and T3 values were found on average 139 and 60 ng/24 h. Estimation of urinary thyroid hormones can be used for diagnostic purposes but is of limited practical importance. The physiology of thyroid hormone excretion in urine is complex. Both hormones are excreted by glomerular filtration of free hormones including tubular excretion and reabsorption.
EVIDENCE FOR EXTRATUMOURAL STORAGE OF CATECHOLAMINES IN PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA PATIENTS
Authors: Hengstmann J. H. , Dengler H. J. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Following the removal of a pheochromocytoma in three female patients the daily excretion of catecholamines and their metabolites was still considerably elevated for about one week. The excretion rates declined during this period with half-lives of 1.8 to 10.9 days for catecholamines and 2.1 to 4.7 days for metanephrines, vanilmandelic acid, and vanilglycol.
The cumulative urinary excretion of catecholamines and their metabolites following surgical removal of the tumour was nearly as high as the catecholamine content of the pheochromocytomas.
This large amount of catecholamines must have been located outside the tumour, most probably within the sympathetic nerve, where it is subject to release following physiological stimuli.
Furthermore, this fact may provide an explanation for hypertensive crises in pheochromocytoma patients.
RADIOIMMUNOASSAYS OF TETRAHYDROALDOSTERONE (TH-ALDO) IN HUMAN URINE
Authors: Kohl K.-H. , Vecsei P. , Abdelhamid S. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Specific antisera against tetrahydroaldosterone (TH-Aldo) were raised in two white New Zealand rabbits. 3α,5β-TH-aldo-20-oxime-bovine-serum albumin complex was used as antigen. The resulting titers were 1:18 000 and 1:16 000. Except tetrahydrocortisol (THF) (0.23%) and tetrahydro-18-hydroxy-11-dehydrocorticosterone (18-OH-THA) (3.2 %), all steroids and steroid metabolites gave negligible cross-reactions. Immunograms of the paper chromatograms made from the n-butanol-extract of the urines, as well as after β-glucuronidase treatment and dichlormethane extraction, were studied to further define the specificity of the antiserum. Antibody H1 (used in this study) reacted with aldosterone-18-gluc., a TH-aldosterone-glucuronide (probably the 21-glucuronide) and an unidentified less polar material.
Two methods were developed:
a) TH-Aldo-glucuronidc(s) estimation after ethylacetate pre-extraction as a rapid screening test of endogenous aldosterone production.
b) estimation of TH-aldosterone using one chromatographic system.
The results of method a) showed a significant correlation with the values obtained by technique b). Normal values (method b) were 25.88 ± 16.50 μg/24h (range 9.5–64.8 μg/24h).
A significant correlation was also shown between the TH-aldo (technique b) and 18-gluc. values.
A RADIOIMMUNOASSAY OF OESTRONE IN PLASMA. PLASMA LEVELS OF OESTRONE AND OESTRADIOL IN OOPHORECTOMIZED RHESUS MONKEYS DURING TREATMENT WITH SUBCUTANEOUS IMPLANTS CONTAINING OESTRONE
Authors: Axelsson O. , Englund D. E. , Luukkainen T. , Johansson E. D. B. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A highly specific antiserum to oestrone was used to develop a sensitive radioimmunoassay. Plasma was generally analysed without prior separation of the oestrogens. A small amount of plasma (0.1–0.2 ml) was extracted once with diethyl ether.
The above and previously described radioimmunoassays were used to estimate plasma levels of oestrogens in oophorectomized monkeys treated with subcutaneous oestrone implants. Three monkeys received a rod containing 40 mg of oestrone. The rods were kept in place for about one year. The release rates from the rods were calculated. The oestrone plasma levels were initially high (370–500 pg/ml). In about 3 months they had fallen to a level of 50–100 pg/ml which was maintained till the removal of the rods. A rise in the oestradiol plasma levels was also observed. It is concluded that rods are suitable for administration of oestrone.
PROLACTIN AND THE REGULATION OF 20α-DIHYDROPROGESTERONE SECRETION OF THE SUPER-LUTEINIZED RAT OVARY DURING LUTEOLYSIS INDUCED BY A PROSTAGLANDIN F2α ANALOGUE
Authors: Torjesen P. A. , Dahlin R. , Haug E. , Aakvaag A. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Twenty-five day old female rats were treated with pregnant mare's serum gonadotrophin (PMSG) and human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) to achieve a state of luteinization. Eight days after the HCG administration luteolysis was induced by a subcutaneous injection of 5 μg of the prostaglandin F2α analogue cloprostenol (Estrumate®, ICI 80996).
In animals treated with 2-Br-α-ergocryptine (BEC), administration of cloprostenol decreased serum progesterone levels from 580 to 20 ng/ml in 5 h and progesterone remained low for the next 18 h. The serum levels of 20α-dihydroprogesterone (20α-DHP) and prolactin (PRL) remained at pre-treatment values (20α-DHP 85 to 170 ng/ml; PRL less than 5 ng/ml) throughout the observation period.
When animals treated with both BEC and cloprostenol were given PRL 5 h after the prostaglandin injection, an increased 20α-DHP level (630 ng/ml) was found 23 h after the cloprostenol administration, while the progesterone level was decreased (70 ng/ml). These findings were similar to the observations following cloprostenol treatment alone.
The study indicates a causal relationship between the increase in the serum levels of PRL and 20α-DHP observed after PGF2α induced luteolysis in rats with superluteinized ovaries.
SERUM-TESTOSTERONE DURING ORAL ADMINISTRATION OF TESTOSTERONE IN HYPOGONADAL MEN AND TRANSSEXUAL WOMEN
Authors: Føgh Marie , Corker Charles S. , McLean Helen , Petersen Ivan Bruunshuus , Philip John , Skakkebæk Niels E. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Testosterone tablets of crystal size 2–5 μm were administered orally for 10 dags to 3 human subjects with low endogenous serum testosterone (se-T) levels. Fifty mg testosterone increased se-T slightly, while one daily dose of 200 mg maintained the se-T level within normal range for men for more than 12 h. No cumulative effect was seen.
Seven further subjects with low androgen production ingested 100 or 200 mg testosterone of crystal size 125–400 μm. Blood samples were taken frequently during the 24 h period following administration of the testosterone and se-T levels determined. Testosterone levels in serum increased in 6 patients and was maintained within the normal male range for 5–7 h. In one subject a slight but significant increase in se-T was observed although the level did not reach the normal male range.
Although it has been shown that it is possible to use orally administered testosterone to maintain se-T levels in the normal male range, the convenience to the patient must be balanced against the cost and possible side effects of the large doses required.