bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does the Central Nitrogen Atom Make a Difference? A Comparison of Non‐Coordinating Pyridine and Benzene Spacers in Multitopic Ligands
Authors: Housecroft Catherine E. , Constable Edwin C. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn metal coordination compounds of the divergent ligands 4,2′:6′,4“‐terpyridine and 3,2′:6′,3”‐terpyridine and their 4′‐functionalized derivatives, the central pyridine ring of the 4,2′:6′,4“‐terpyridine and 3,2′:6′,3”‐terpyridine domains is non‐coordinated. We present an overview of data from the Cambridge Structural Database to assess whether there are structural similarities between the coordination compounds of 4,2′:6′,4“‐tpy and 1,3‐di(pyridin‐4‐yl)benzene, and between 3,2′:6′,3”‐tpy and 1,3‐di(pyridin‐3‐yl)benzene. Based upon structurally characterized compounds, it emerges that the coordination chemistry of ligands including one or more 4,2′:6′,4“‐terpyridine or 3,2′:6′,3”‐terpyridine metal‐binding domains is more abundantly exemplified than that of corresponding ligands based upon 1,3‐di(pyridin‐4‐yl)benzene and 1,3‐di(pyridin‐3‐yl)benzene. We provide an overview of metallamacrocycles and cages, 1D‐coordination polymers and 2D‐ and 3D‐networks.
Submonomer Synthesis of Inverse Polyamidoamine (i‐PAMAM) Dendrimer Antibacterials
Authors: Personne Hippolyte , Hu Xiaoling , Bonvin Etienne , Reusser Jérémie , Reymond Jean‐Louis 
Published: March 2024

AbstractHerein we report that the submonomer method for peptoid synthesis enables access to pure i‐PAMAM dendrimers up to 16 amino termini by a divergent solid‐phase synthesis using the inexpensive bis(3‐trifluoroacetamidopropyl)amine as branching unit. We exemplify this new and efficient approach by a structure‐activity relationship study of antibacterial dendrimers obtained by appending the polycationic i‐PAMAM dendrimer to a hydrophobic core consisting of either an oligoleucine peptide or an oligo‐N‐isobutylglycine peptoid. These non‐hemolytic dendrimers kill Gram‐negative bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii and Escherichia coli as well as the Gram‐positive methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) by a non‐membrane disruptive mechanism involving aggregation of intracellular content as reported for antimicrobial peptoids.
Evaluation of severe adverse cutaneous drug reactions in patients admitted to tertiary care center: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Moshayedi Mohammad Amin , Asilian Ali , Mokhtari Fatemeh 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsAdverse cutaneous drug reactions (ACDRs) are common and potentially life‐threatening, while also hindering patient compliance to medications. Given the regional differences in patterns and prevalence of ACDRs, it is important to study the epidemiology, as well as the clinical and outcome patterns of patients with ACDRs in Iran.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study on ACDRs was conducted among hospitalized patients in a referral university hospital in the city of Isfahan, Iran. The patients' demographics, clinical information, and outcomes, including age, gender, past medical history, medication history, drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) diagnosis, Steven‐Johnson Syndrome (SJS) diagnosis, toxic epidermal necrosis (TEN) diagnosis, treatment regimen (steroids or intravenous immunoglobulin [IVIG]) and outcome information, including intensive care requirements, severe medical complications, or death, were obtained from medical records.ResultsA total of 195 patients with a mean age of 40 years and consisting of 61% females were included. Carbamazepine, lamotrigine, sodium valproate, and phenytoin are the most commonly reported medications. Rate of complications was 45% with DRESS, SJS, and TEN diagnosed in 26%, 47%, and 19%, respectively. Treatment was carried out with steroids and IVIG in 81% and 19%, respectively. Among patients, 15% required intensive care and 5% died. Diagnosis of TEN, older age, and baseline heart disease were predictors of mortality. Patients with SJS were younger and more likely to be males, and they were more likely to have eye complications. On the other hand, patients with the diagnosis of TEN were more likely to receive IVIG and intensive care, and had a higher mortality rate.ConclusionOur study provides insight into the demographics and clinical patterns of Iranian patients with ACDRs. This will help in predicting rates of complications, treatments, and outcomes in patients and therefore make proper management decisions.
LTNE effects on two‐layer configuration with throughflow
Authors: Y. H. Gangadharaiah 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe effect of throughflow on the beginning of convective motion in a fluid layer overlying a fluid‐saturated porous layer is examined theoretically in this article under the local thermal nonequilibrium model. We considered boundaries to be insulating to temperature perturbations. The normal mode approach is employed to analyze the governing equation for a composite configuration, with the solution sought through the regular perturbation technique to assess linear stability. The critical Rayleigh number, signifying the initiation of stationary convection, has been determined by solving the system of coupled equations. It is found that the system attains stability with increased porosity–conductivity ratios, regardless of the throughflow direction. This stability is consistently observed for depth ratios of 0.1 and 0.2. However, for higher depth ratios (0.5 and 1.0), the system exhibits dual nature stability when throughflow is present. Further, the stability of the system is enhanced by a graphical depiction illustrating how the throughflow parameter, porosity‐scaled conductivity ratio, depth ratio, Darcy number, and Prandtl number collectively influence the onset of convective motion.
Efficacy and safety of pinaverium bromide as an add‐on therapy in refractory dyspepsia: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Kamolsripat Thansita , Thinrungroj Nithi , Pinyopornpanish Kanokwan , Kijdamrongthum Phuripong , Leerapun Apinya , Chitapanarux Taned , Thongsawat Satawat , Praisontarangkul Ong‐Ard , Pojchamarnwiputh Suwalee 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackground and AimFunctional dyspepsia (FD) remains a therapeutic challenge, and the efficacy of antispasmodic agents as adjunctive therapy is not well established. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pinaverium bromide added to omeprazole in treating refractory FD.MethodsWe conducted a randomized, placebo‐controlled trial in patients with refractory dyspepsia. Participants were randomly assigned to receive pinaverium (50 mg, 3 times/day, n = 36) or placebo (n = 36) in addition to omeprazole for 8 weeks. The primary endpoint was the responder rate for adequate relief. Secondary outcomes included the Global Overall Symptom Scale (GOSS), quality of life, and safety profile.ResultsNo statistically significant differences were observed in the adequate relief response rate between the pinaverium bromide and control group at week 2 (58.3% vs. 62.9%, P = 0.697), week 4 (62.9% vs. 78.1%, P = 0.173), week 6 (64.7% vs. 75.0%, P = 0.363), and week 8 (64.7% vs. 75.0%, P = 0.363). Additionally, there were no significant differences observed in the decline of symptom score between the two groups at week 4 (8.4 ± 7.6 vs. 7.7 ± 7.1, P = 0.702) and week 8 (10.9 ± 8.2 vs. 8.4 ± 7.2, P = 0.196). Similarly, there were no significant differences in terms of quality of life between the two groups. Adverse event rates were also comparable between the two groups.ConclusionPinaverium bromide was found to be safe in the treatment of refractory dyspepsia, but it did not demonstrate a significant benefit in improving symptoms.
Quantitative T2 Mapping of Acute Pancreatitis
Authors: Porões Fabio , Vietti Violi Naïk , Piazza Giulia , Uldry Emilie , Lázaro‐Fontanet Enrique , Gaspar‐Figueiredo Sérgio , Hilbert Tom , Ledoux Jean‐Baptiste , Denys Alban , Schütz Frédéric , Schmidt Sabine 
Published: March 2024

BackgroundQuantification of the T2 signal by means of T2 mapping in acute pancreatitis (AP) has the potential to quantify the parenchymal edema. Quantitative T2 mapping may overcome the limitations of previously reported scoring systems for reliable assessment of AP.PurposeTo evaluate MR‐derived pancreatic T2 mapping values in AP and correlate them with markers of disease severity.Study TypeProspective single‐center study.Population76 adults with AP (20–91 years, females/males: 39/37).Field Strength/SequenceFat suppressed multiecho spin‐echo prototype sequence to quantify T2 signal at 3T MRI.AssessmentThe severity of AP was assessed clinically, biologically, and by contrast‐enhanced CT (CECT) performed 48–72 hours after symptom onset. MRI was then performed ≤24 hours after CT. Two readers blinded to any clinical information independently evaluated the T2 values by placing three regions of interest inside the pancreatic head, body, and tail on the T2 mapping MR sequence. Results were compared with corresponding CECT images as the standard and clinical severity parameters, using the length of hospital stay as our primary endpoint.Statistical TestsContinuous variables were compared using the Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, analysis of variance (ANOVA) or Student's t‐test.ResultsT2 values significantly correlated with the length of hospital stay (rs(74) = 0.29), CT severity index (CTSI) (rs(73) = 0.61; CTSI 0–3: 72 ± 14 msec, CTSI 4–10: 88 ± 15), intensive care unit (ICU) admission (t(2.77) = −3.41) and presence of organ failure (t(6.72) = −3.42), whereas the CTSI and Ranson score were not significantly related with ICU admission (CTSI: P = 0.24; Ranson score: P = 0.24) and organ failure (CTSI: P = 0.11; Ranson score P = 0.11).ConclusionT2 mapping correlates with AP severity parameters and is useful for assessing the severity of AP with higher sensitivity than the usual clinical and radiological scoring systems.Level of Evidence1Technical EfficacyStage 2
Endoscopic and histologic utility of transnasal endoscopy in pediatric eosinophilic esophagitis
Authors: Shaul Eliana , Kennedy Kanak V. , Spergel Zachary C. , Daneshdoost Shanaz , Mahon Mark , Thanawala Shivani , Spergel Jonathan M. , Wilkins Benjamin , Ryan Matthew J. , Muir Amanda B. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractUnsedated transnasal endoscopy (TNE) is an alternative method of examining the esophageal mucosa in pediatric patients with eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE), reducing cost, time, and risk associated with frequent surveillance esophagogastroduodenoscopies (EGD). Adequacy of transnasal esophageal biopsies for the evaluation of eosinophilic esophagitis histologic scoring system (EoEHSS) has not yet been evaluated. We compared procedure times, endoscopic findings, and EoEHSS scoring for EoE patients undergoing TNE versus standard EGD. Sixty‐six TNE patients and 132 EGD controls matched for age (mean age 14.0 years) and disease status (29.3% active) were included. Compared to patients undergoing standard EGD, patients undergoing TNE spent 1.94 h less in the GI suite (p < 0.0001), with comparable occurrence rates of all visual endoscopic findings and most EoEHSS components. TNE serves as a useful tool for long‐term disease surveillance, and consideration should be given to its use in clinical trials for EoE.
Vitamin B3 Containing Polymers for Nanodelivery
Authors: Mapfumo Prosper P. , Solomun Jana I. , Becker Friedrich , Moek Elisabeth , Leiske Meike N. , Rudolph Lenhard K. , Brendel Johannes C. , Traeger Anja 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPolymeric nanoparticles (NPs) with an integrated dual delivery system enable the controlled release of bioactive molecules and drugs, providing therapeutic advantages. Key design targets include high biocompatibility, cellular uptake, and encapsulating efficiency. In this study, a polymer library derived from niacin, also known as vitamin B3 is synthesized. The library comprises poly(2‐(acryloyloxy)ethyl nicotinate) (PAEN), poly(2‐acrylamidoethyl nicotinate) (PAAEN), and poly(N‐(2‐acrylamidoethyl)nicotinamide) (PAAENA), with varying hydrophilicity in the backbone and pendant group linker. All polymers are formulated, and those with increased hydrophobicity yield NPs with homogeneous spherical distribution and diameters below 150 nm, as confirmed by scanning electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering. Encapsulation studies utilizing a model drug, neutral lipid orange (NLO), reveal the influence of polymer backbone on encapsulation efficiency. Specifically, efficiencies of 46% and 96% are observed with acrylate and acrylamide backbones, respectively. Biological investigations showed that P(AEN) and P(AAEN) NPs are non‐toxic up to 300 µg mL−1, exhibit superior cellular uptake, and boost cell metabolic activity. The latter is attributed to the cellular release of niacin, a precursor to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), a central coenzyme in metabolism. The results underline the potential of nutrient‐derived polymers as pro‐nutrient and drug‐delivery materials.
The performance of a self‐adherent foil system for the corrosion protection of steel substrates for offshore wind tower structures
Authors: Irmer Michael , Kelm Daniel , Marquardt Tom , Momber Andreas W. , Eiben K. , Buchbach Sascha 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe application of multilayer organic protective coating systems with conventional liquid spray methods is complex, time‐ and energy‐consuming, and it requires extensive technical equipment. An alternative to these methods is the application of thin, self‐adherent foil systems directly to the steel substrate. The corrosion protection performance of newly developed foil systems was tested for various combinations of foil materials and pressure‐sensitive adhesives (with and without corrosion inhibitors) and different surface preparation parameters by means of accelerated cyclic laboratory tests with simulated offshore conditions. The adhesion properties were determined by means of peel tests. The tests were designed, by means of statistical methods (design of experiments, analysis of variance). A foil system with the following factor combination was found to provide an optimum performance: Surface preparation grade: Sa 2½; roughness: Rz = 50–75 µm; abrasive material: high‐carbon steel grit; adhesive layer thickness: 200 g/m2; inhibitor material: calcium aluminum polyphosphate silicate hydrate; foil material: polyvinylchloride (160 µm) + poly(methyl methacrylate) (40 µm).
A Solar Evaporator Based on Polypyrrole Coated 3D Carbon Nanotube Materials for Efficient Solar‐Driven Vapor Generation
Authors: Xun Hao , Wang Chuang , Yang Zhaohui , Zhang Xiaohua 
Published: March 2024

AbstractHighly porous light absorbers are fabricated based on polypyrrole (PPy)‐coated carbon nanotube (CNT). Carbon nanotube sponge (CNTS) or carbon nanotube array (CNTA) with three‐dimensional (3D) network structure is the framework of porous light absorbers. Both PPy@CNTS and PPy@CNTA composites exhibit excellent light absorption of the full solar spectrum. The CNTS and CNTA with porous structures have extremely large effective surface area for light absorption and for water evaporation that has great practical benefit to the solar‐driven vapor generation. The PPy layer on CNT sidewalls significantly improves the hydrophilicity of porous CNTS and CNTA. The good wettability of water on CNT sidewalls makes water transport in porous CNT materials highly efficient. The PPy@CNTS and PPy@CNTA light absorbers achieve high water evaporation rates of 3.35 and 3.41 kg m−2 h−1, respectively, under 1‐sun radiation. The orientation of nano channels in CNTA‐based light absorbers also plays an important role in the solar‐driven vapor generation. The water transport and vapor escape are more efficient in CNTA‐based light absorbers as compared to the CNTS‐based light absorbers due to the relatively short path for the water transport and the vapor escape in CNTA‐based light absorbers.
Quantifying spatiotemporal variation of nearshore forage fish schools with aerial surveys in Prince William Sound, Alaska
Authors: Donnelly Daniel , Arimitsu Mayumi , Pegau Scott , Piatt John 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Objective
Changes in abundance and distribution of schooling forage fish, such as the Pacific Sand Lance Ammodytes hexapterus and Pacific Herring Clupea pallasii, can be difficult to document using traditional boat-based methods, especially in the shallow, nearshore habitats frequented by these species. In contrast, nearshore fish schools are easily observed and quantified from aircraft when light and sea conditions are favorable. We used aerial shoreline surveys to assess interannual variability in the distribution and abundance of schooling forage fish in Prince William Sound, Alaska, during the summers of 2010 and 2012–2022.

Methods
During the surveys, aerial observers classified fish schools by their size, species, and (in some cases) age-class. All observations were georeferenced along the flight path, converted to estimated surface area (m2) based on school diameter, and standardized by effort (shoreline kilometers surveyed).

Result
Pacific Herring were widely distributed, and school densities varied annually; there were several spikes in school density of up to 54.38 m2/km interspersed among years of lower average densities (7.73–25.57 m2/km). In contrast, Pacific Sand Lance were usually limited in their distribution to a few predictable locations. School density in these consistent areas varied across years, from a high of 50.98 m2/km in 2010 to a low of 0.15 m2/km in 2017. We validated 88 schools during aerial surveys conducted in 2014–2016 and 2019–2022, of which 76 (86%) were correctly identified to species.

Conclusion
Here, we provide indices of Pacific Herring and Pacific Sand Lance school density over time in shallow nearshore coastal areas of Prince William Sound, Alaska. These indices were generated from aerial surveys, which offer an effective alternative to boat-based surveys for tracking forage fish schools when they occur in shallow and nearshore coastal habitats.
Cognitive Impairment Is Part of the Phenotype of Cerebellar Ataxia, Neuropathy, Vestibular Areflexia Syndrome (CANVAS)
Authors: Dujardin Kathy , Tard Céline , Diglé Emily , Herlin Virginie , Mutez Eugénie , Davion Jean‐Baptiste , Wissocq Anna , Delforge Violette , Kuchcinski Gregory , Huin Vincent 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundLittle is known about the impact of the cerebellar ataxia, neuropathy, vestibular areflexia syndrome (CANVAS) on cognition.ObjectiveOur objective was to determine the frequency and severity of cognitive impairment in RFC1‐positive patients and describe the pattern of deficits.MethodsParticipants underwent a comprehensive neuropsychological assessment. Volume of the cerebellum and its lobules was measured in those who underwent a 3 Tesla‐magnetic resonance scan.ResultsTwenty‐one patients underwent a complete assessment, including 71% scoring lower than the cutoff at the Montreal Cognitive assessment and 71% having a definite cerebellar cognitive affective/Schmahmann syndrome. Three patients had dementia and seven met the criteria of mild cognitive impairment. Severity of cognitive impairment did not correlate with severity of clinical manifestations. Performance at memory and visuospatial functions tests negatively correlated with the severity of cerebellar manifestations.ConclusionCognitive manifestations are frequent in RFC1‐related disorders. They should be included in the phenotype and screened systematically. © 2024 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
A Probiotic Targets Bile Acids Metabolism to Alleviate Ulcerative Colitis by Reducing Conjugated Bile Acids
Authors: Jingjing Fan , Weilin Jin , Shaochen Su , Aman Khan , Ying Wu , Yanyi Chen , Pengya Feng , Byong‐Hun Jeon , EL‐Sayed Salama , Zhenmin Ling , Pu Liu , Xiangkai Li 
Published: March 2024

Scope: Gut microbiota (GM) dysbiosis and dysregulated bile acids (BAs) metabolism have been linked to ulcerative colitis (UC) pathogenesis. The possibility of utilizing live probiotics with a defined BAs‐metabolizing capability to modify the composition BAs for UC treatment remains unexplored.Methods and resultsIn this study, Strain GR‐4 is sourced from traditional Chinese fermented food, “Jiangshui,” and demonstrated the ability to deconjugate two common conjugated BAs by over 69% and 98.47%, respectively. It administers strain GR‐4 to dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)‐induced UC mice, and observes an overall alleviation of UC symptoms, as evidence by improved colon morphology, reduces inflammation and oxidative stress, and restores intestinal barrier function. Importantly, these effects are reliant on an intact commensal microbiota, as depletion of GM mitigated GR‐4s efficacy. Metabolomics analysis unveils a decline in conjugated BAs and an increase in secondary BAs following GR‐4 administration. GM analysis indicates that GR‐4 selectively enriches bacterial taxa linked to BAs metabolism, enhancing GM's capacity to modify BAs.ConclusionThis research demonstrates the potential for natural fermented foods and probiotics to effectively manipulate BAs composition, including conjugated and secondary BAs, to alleviate UC symptoms, underscoring the benefits of these approaches for gut health.
Fetal Leydig cells: What we know and what we don't
Authors: Jiang Keer , Jorgensen Joan S. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDuring male fetal development, testosterone plays an essential role in the differentiation and maturation of the male reproductive system. Deficient fetal testosterone production can result in variations of sex differentiation that may cause infertility and even increased tumor incidence later in life. Fetal Leydig cells in the fetal testis are the major androgen source in mammals. Although fetal and adult Leydig cells are similar in their functions, they are two distinct cell types, and therefore, the knowledge of adult Leydig cells cannot be directly applied to understanding fetal Leydig cells. This review summarizes our current knowledge of fetal Leydig cells regarding their cell biology, developmental biology, and androgen production regulation in rodents and human. Fetal Leydig cells are present in basement membrane‐enclosed clusters in between testis cords. They originate from the mesonephros mesenchyme and the coelomic epithelium and start to differentiate upon receiving a Desert Hedgehog signal from Sertoli cells or being released from a NOTCH signal from endothelial cells. Mature fetal Leydig cells produce androgens. Human fetal Leydig cell steroidogenesis is LHCGR (Luteinizing Hormone Chronic Gonadotropin Receptor) dependent, while rodents are not, although other Gαs‐protein coupled receptors might be involved in rodent steroidogenesis regulation. Fetal steroidogenesis ceases after sex differentiation is completed, and some fetal Leydig cells dedifferentiate to serve as stem cells for adult testicular cell types. Significant gaps are acknowledged: (1) Why are adult and fetal Leydig cells different? (2) What arebona fideprogenitor and fetal Leydig cell markers? (3) Which signaling pathways and transcription factors regulate fetal Leydig cell steroidogenesis? It is critical to discover answers to these questions so that we can understand vulnerable targets in fetal Leydig cells and the mechanisms for androgen production that when disrupted, leads to variations in sex differentiation that range from subtle to complete sex reversal.