bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Roles of lytic viral infection and IL‐6 in early versus late passage lymphoblastoid cell lines and EBV‐associated lymphoproliferative disease
Authors: Jones Richard J. , Seaman William T. , Feng Wen‐Hei , Barlow Elizabeth , Dickerson Sarah , Delecluse Henri‐Jacque , Kenney Shannon C. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractLytically infected EBV‐positive lymphoblastoid cells enhance the growth of early‐passage, but not late‐passage, EBV‐immortalized lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) in SCID mice and have enhanced IL‐6 secretion. Here, we have examined the importance of IL‐6 for the growth of early‐passage LCLs (EPL) in SCID mice, identified lytic EBV proteins that activate IL‐6 production and compared viral and cellular differences between early versus late passage LCLs (LPL). IL‐6 was required for efficient growth of EPL in SCID mice. The EBV immediate‐early (IE) proteins, BRLF1 and BZLF1, each induced IL‐6 secretion when transfected into 293 and BJAB cells. Interestingly, the combination of BZLF1 and the latent EBV protein, LMP‐1, induced much more IL‐6 expression in both 293 and BJAB cells than either protein alone. Both BZLF1 and BRLF1 also enhanced IL‐10 production in 293 cells. In comparison to the EPL, LPL had much reduced expression of early lytic viral proteins and cellular IL‐6. In contrast, expression of cellular IL‐10 was similar in EPL versus LPL, while VEGF secretion was increased in late‐passage LCLs. These results suggest that both BRLF1 and BZLF1 contribute to IL‐6 secretion in lytically infected cells and that lytically infected cells may promote early lymphoproliferative disease in patients through enhanced IL‐6 production. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Towards development of a water quality monitoring strategy for Mashreq and Maghreb countries
Authors: Sayed A. El , Fahmy Hussam 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThere is an immanent need to develop accustomed regional guidelines for Mashreq countries (Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, West Bank and Gaza) and Maghreb countries (Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia) to enhance water quality monitoring (WQM) and information dissemination to institutions and decision makers.The purpose of this paper is to provide an outline for the developed WQM strategy for Mashreq and Maghreb countries. The implementation of these WQM guidelines is expected to achieve accurate and reliable water quality data coverage; improved access and dissemination of water quality information and its guidelines by stakeholders in forms that are suitable for influencing policy dialogue.Based on the needs of decision‐making and policy development issues, the WQM guidelines can be tailored for countries in the region. In addition, several international WQM guidelines and information dissemination strategies are considered as suitable modules that can be adopted to build regional guidelines for WQM. The final guidelines address namely three issues: monitoring program design, monitoring procedures, and information dissemination.Reviewing the available information proved that it would be impossible to come up with a generic WQM program or a network design that can be applied for the entire region (Egypt is considered as a guide case study). Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Aglycone geniposidic acid, a naturally occurring crosslinking agent, and its application for the fixation of collagenous tissues
Authors: Mi Fwu‐Long , Huang Chin‐Tsung , Chiu Ya‐Ling , Chen Mei‐Chin , Liang Hsiang‐Fa , Sung Hsing‐Wen 
Published: May 2007

AbstractA natural compound, aglycone geniposidic acid (aGSA), originated from the fruits of Gardenia jasminoides ELLIS was used for the fixation of collagenous tissues. The presumed crosslinking reaction mechanism of collagenous tissues with aGSA was inferred by reacting aGSA with a bifunctional amine, 1,6‐hexanediamine, using a series of 1H NMR, FT‐IR, and UV/Vis spectra analyses. aGSA reacted with 1,6‐hexanediamine by a nucleophilic attack on the olefinic carbon atom at C‐2 of deoxyloganin aglycone, followed by opening the dihydropyran ring to form heterocyclic amine compounds. It is inferred that aGSA may form intramolecular and intermolecular crosslinks with a heterocyclic structure within collagen fibers in tissues. The degrees of tissue fixation by aGSA at different pH values were investigated by examining the fixation indices and denaturation temperatures of test samples. It was found that the fixation indices and denaturation temperatures of test samples fixed at neutral or basic pH (pH 7.4 or pH 8.5) were significantly greater than at acidic pH (pH 4.0). The results obtained in this study may be used to elucidate the crosslinking mechanism and optimize the fixation process for developing bioprostheses fixed by aGSA. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 2007
Processing and in vitro behavior of hydroxyapatite coatings prepared by electrostatic spray assisted vapor deposition method
Authors: Hou Xianghui , Choy Kwang‐Leong , Leach Sian Ellen 
Published: May 2007

AbstractHydroxyapatite (HA) bioactive coatings are often used to improve bone attachment and reduce corrosion of metal prosthesis implants. This paper reports the preparation of HA coatings onto titanium substrates using a novel electrostatic spray assisted vapor deposition (ESAVD)‐based method. The deposited coatings are characterized using a combination of Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, X‐ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and scratch test. The results confirm that well‐crystallized HA coatings can be produced directly via the single‐step ESAVD process, without further heat‐treatment. The in vitro behavior of the as‐deposited HA coating in simulated body fluid (SBF) is also presented. After 14‐day immersion in SBF, the adhesion of the HA coating to the substrate increases significantly. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 2007
Synthesis and characterization ofin situchitosan‐based hydrogel via grafting of carboxyethyl acrylate
Authors: Kim Mi‐Sook , Choi Yoon‐Jeong , Noh Insup , Tae Giyoong 
Published: May 2007

AbstractWe developed and characterized a novelin situchitosan‐poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) hydrogel via two steps: 2‐carboxyethyl acrylate molecules were grafted to the primary amine functional groups in chitosan in the first step and then Michael type addition reaction was processed between the grafted acrylate end groups and the thiol end groups in the PEO. Grafting of acrylate molecules to the amine groups in the deacetylated water soluble chitosan was confirmed by observing the new acrylate peaks by the FTIR and NMR spectra of the acrylated chitosan samples, as well as changes in relative viscosities of chitosan and acrylated chitosan. Formation of the chitosan‐PEO hydrogel was visually observed with digital images after both gelation and hydration. Rheological analyses of the hydrogel formation were performed to detect its gelation time, phase angle changes, and visco‐elastic properties over frequency and strain percentage. Their results indicated that the gelation process was completed within 10 min after mixing the precursor liquid solutions. An extent of water swelling, mechanical strength against compression and the morphologies of the hydrogel surface and cross sections after dehydration process were analyzed by microbalance measurement, texture analyzer, and scanning electron microscopy observation, respectively. Biological activities of the hydrogels were evaluated by observing smooth muscle cell behaviors such as cell adhesion and viability as well as by measuring the number of adhered cells on their surfaces. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 2007
Temperature‐responsive polymer–gold nanocomposites as intelligent therapeutic systems
Authors: Owens Donald E. , Eby Jackson K. , Jian Yicun , Peppas Nicholas A. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe objective of this study was to synthesize and characterize a thermally responsive polymer‐metal nanocomposite system comprised of a solid gold nanoparticle core and thermally responsive interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) shell, which was surface functionalized or PEGylated with a covalently bound linear poly(ethylene glycol) chain layer. Gold nanoparticles (50 nm diameter) were prepared using standard gold chloride and citrate reduction method. These particles were then encapsulated inside of a polyacrylamide (PAAm)/poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) IPN shell via an in situ inverse emulsion polymerization. The surface of the nanocomposite system was then PEGylated via covalent grafting of a linear methoxy‐PEG‐N‐hydroxysuccinimide (M.W. 3400) to the primary amine groups of the PAAm network. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy were used to confirm the successful synthesis and encapsulation of gold nanoparticles within the IPN shell. Dynamic light scattering was used to examine the temperature swelling response of the IPN particles. Zeta‐potential analysis was used to confirm the successful PEGylation of the final nanocomposite system. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 2007
Tissue response in the rat and the mouse to degradable dextran hydrogels
Authors: De Jong Wim H. , Dormans Jan A.M.A. , Van Steenbergen Mies J. , Verharen Henny W. , Hennink Wim E. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractTwo types of hydroxyethyl‐methacrylated dextran (dex‐HEMA) hydrogels differing in crosslink density were compared for local tissue responses and degradation characteristics in mice and rats. Implants (1 mm thick, rat: 10 mm diameter, mouse: 6 mm diameter) varying in degree of HEMA substitution (DS5 and DS13, meaning 5 or 13 HEMA groups per 100 glucose units of dextran) were subcutaneously implanted and tissue responses were evaluated at week 2, 6, and 13 after implantation. In the rat after 2 weeks a slight fibrous capsule was formed composed of macrophages and fibroblasts sometimes accompanied by a minimal infiltrate. Small fragments, surrounded by macrophages and giant cells indicated hydrogel degradation. After 13 weeks DS5 implants were resorbed while parts of the DS13 implants were still present. In the mouse a moderate to strong capsule formation was present at 2 weeks accompanied by inflammatory cells (macrophages and polymorphonuclear granulocytes) and debris. Draining lymph node activation was observed. Skin ulceration was present irrespective of the type of implant. Clear differences in the tissue responses between the rat and mouse were noted, as well as between implants of different degree of substitution. Mice showed a more pronounced early inflammatory response compared with rats, whereas the degradation was more complete in rats than in mice. The differences in histology between the hydrogels disappeared over time at 13 weeks after implantation and similar responses were noted for both types of hydrogels. Both in mice and rats the DS5 hydrogels showed a faster degradation rate than the DS13 hydrogels. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 2007
Fabrication and in vitro drug release of drug‐loaded star oligo/poly(DL‐lactide) microspheres made by novel ultrasonic‐dispersion method
Authors: Zou Tao , Li Song‐Lin , Cheng Si‐Xue , Zhang Xian‐Zheng , Zhuo Ren‐Xi 
Published: May 2007

AbstractCholic acid functionalized star oligo/poly(DL‐lactide)s with different molecular weights were synthesized through the ring‐opening polymerization of DL‐lactide initiated by cholic acid. On the basis of the specific physicochemical properties of the star oligo/poly(DL‐lactide)s, submicron sized drug‐delivery systems were fabricated using a very convenient “ultrasonic dispersion method,” which did not involve toxic organic solvents. The drug‐loaded microspheres had a regular spherical shape with a narrow size distribution. The effects of ultrasonic power and the molecular weight of polymers on the microsphere fabrication were investigated. The in vitro drug release was studied. The release profiles were fitted by the classical empirical exponential expression. The fitting result indicated that the drug release was controlled by combined degradation and diffusion mechanism. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 2007
Poly(butyl methacrylate‐co‐methacrylic acid) tissue engineering scaffold with pro‐angiogenic potential in vivo
Authors: Butler Mark J. , Sefton Michael V. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractA poly(butyl methacrylate‐co‐methacrylic acid) (BMA‐MAA) scaffold was fabricated by an in situ polymerization solvent casting/particulate leaching technique. It displayed high porosity (85–90%), pore interconnectivity, and a pore size range of 100–650 μm. Compression testing of the scaffolds demonstrated a dependence of the compressive stiffness on several fabrication variables including the ratio of monomer to salt used during the polymerization, the degree of salt fusion, and the choice of alternative comonomers to BMA. Subcutaneous implantation of BMA‐MAA scaffolds in mice revealed an increased level of histological angiogenesis in tissue invading the pores of the scaffold compared to a BMA control, consistent with the prediction that methacrylic acid (MAA) containing copolymer beads are angiogenic in a wound healing context. At postoperative day 21, the capillary density in the BMA‐MAA scaffolds was 56 ± 13/mm2 as compared to 32 ± 8/mm2 for the BMA scaffolds. With further investigation, it is expected that this biomaterial capable of eliciting an angiogenic response will have widespread application in tissue engineering. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 2007
Modified polycarbonate urethane: Synthesis, properties and biological investigation in vitro
Authors: Szelest‐Lewandowska A. , Masiulanis B. , Szymonowicz M. , Pielka S. , Paluch D. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractA new polycarbonate urethane (PCU‐I) was synthesized from aliphatic monomers, i.e. polyhexamethylene carbonate diol and 4,4′‐methylene‐bis cyclohexane diisocyanate, a mixture of low molecular diols, and castor oil (containing mainly the triglyceride of 12‐hydroxyoleic acid). The second synthesized polymer (PCU‐II) did not contain castor oil. Both PCUs had good tensile strength, i.e. 32.5 and 27.8 MPa for PCU‐I and PCU‐II, respectively. Modification by castor oil led to a decrease in glass transition temperature (Tg = −14°C for PCU‐I and −6°C for PCU‐II) and an increase in the softening temperature (135 and 125°C for PCU‐I and PCU‐II, respectively). Partial crosslinking of PCU‐I increased the storage modulus of elasticity and provided better resistance to sterilization by ETO and γ radiation. Both PCUs displayed good stability when subjected to sterilization by hydrogen peroxide plasma. Neither PCU caused cytotoxic effect in mouse fibroblasts (3T3 Balb C). They also had no toxic effects on the morphotic components and did not influence changes in the hematologic parameters or plasmatic coagulation system of human blood. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 2007
Nanogel‐based delivery system enhances PGE2 effects on bone formation
Authors: Kato Norihiko , Hasegawa Urara , Morimoto Nobuyuki , Saita Yoshitomo , Nakashima Kazuhisa , Ezura Yoichi , Kurosawa Hisashi , Akiyoshi Kazunari , Noda Masaki 
Published: May 2007

AbstractRecovery of bone loss is one of the active research issues in bone medicine due to the need for efficient measures for bone gain. We examined here a novel drug delivery system using a nanogel of cholesterol‐bearing pullulan (CHP) in combination with prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). PGE2 or PGE2/CHP, vehicle (saline containing 0.06% ethanol and 0.02% Tween 80) or CHP were injected on to the calvariae of mice once every day for 5 days per week for 4 weeks. Low dosage of PGE2 (0.6 µg) alone or CHP alone did not induce new bone formation in this system. In contrast, PGE2 (0.6 µg)/CHP induced new bone formation. Bone formation activities of PGE2 was enhanced by CHP nanogels only at the site of injection (calvaria) but not in the distant sites of the skeleton, showing that PGE2/CHP could avoid systemic effects. In spite of the fact that previously reported animal models of bone formation by PGE2 were associated with loss of body weight, bone formation based on PGE2/CHP did not associate with loss of body weight. Furthermore, only a single application of PGE2 in combination with nanogel cross‐linking hydrogel sphere (PGE2/CHP‐PEO) induced new bone formation. Thus, nanogel‐based delivery system is an efficient delivery system of bone anabolic agent, PGE2. J. Cell. Biochem. 101:1063–1070, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Estrogen receptor α/β isoforms, but not βcx, modulate unique patterns of gene expression and cell proliferation in Hs578T cells
Authors: Secreto Frank J. , Monroe David G. , Dutta Shamit , Ingle James N. , Spelsberg Thomas C. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe actions of 17β‐estradiol (E2) and selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) have been extensively investigated regarding their ability to act through estrogen receptor‐α (ERα) to perturb estrogen receptor positive (ER+) breast cancer (BC) growth. However, many BCs also express ERβ, along with multiple estrogen receptor (ER) splice variants such as ERβcx, an ERβ splice variant incapable of binding ligand. To gain a more comprehensive understanding of ER action in BC cells, we stably expressed ERα, ERβ, or ERβcx under doxycycline (Dox) control in Hs578T cells. Microarrays performed on E2 or 4OH‐tamoxifen (4HT) treated Hs578T ERα and ERβ cells revealed distinct ligand and receptor‐dependent patterns of gene regulation, while the induction of ERβcx did not alter gene expression patterns. E2 stimulation of Hs578T ERβ cells resulted in a 27% decrease in cellular proliferation, however, no significant change in proliferation was observed following the exposure of Hs578T ERα or ERβ cells to 4HT. Expression of ERβcx in Hs578T cells did not effect cellular proliferation. Flow cytometry assays revealed a 50% decrease in E2‐stimulated Hs578T ERβ cells entering S‐phase, along with a 17% increase in G0/G1 cell‐cycle arrest. We demonstrate here that ERα and ERβ regulate unique gene expression patterns in Hs578T cells, and such regulation likely is responsible for the observed isoform‐specific changes in cell proliferation. Hs578T ER expressing cell‐lines provide a unique BC model system, permitting the comparison of ERα, ERβ, and ERβcx actions in the same cell‐line. J. Cell. Biochem. 101:1125–1147, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Proteomic analysis of cardiomyocytes differentiation in mouse embryonic carcinoma P19CL6 cells
Authors: Wen Jianyan , Xia Qing , Lu Cailing , Yin Lina , Hu Juan , Gong Yanhua , Yin Bin , Monzen Koshiro , Yuan Jiangang , Qiang Boqin , Zhang Xuemin , Peng Xiaozhong 
Published: May 2007

AbstractA clonal derivative named P19CL6 has been isolated from pluripotent P19 mouse embryonic carcinoma cells, and this subline efficiently differentiates into beating cardiomyocytes when treated with 1% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). It offers a valuable model to study cardiomyocytes differentiation in vitro. In this study, comparative proteomic analysis was used to characterize the protein profiles associated with the DMSO‐induced cardiomyocytes differentiation of P19CL6 cells. We demonstrated that P19CL6 cells indeed differentiated into cardiomyocytes after DMSO inducement as they expressed sarcomeric myosin heavy chain (MHC) as well as three cardiac‐specific transcription factors (Csx/Nkx‐2.5, GATA‐4, and MEF2C). Image analysis of silver‐stained two‐dimensional gels was used to find protein spots that exhibited an at least 1.5‐fold change in abundance after successful differentiation. Seventeen protein spots were selected for further analysis by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF‐MS) and/or nano‐electrospray ionization MS/MS (ESI‐MS/MS), and 16 protein spots were identified. The identified proteins are involved in different cellular functions such as metabolism, signal transduction, and cellular organization. To confirm the expression changes of the identified proteins during differentiation, the mRNA levels of six identified proteins (including seven protein spots) were assessed by the real‐time polymerase chain reaction and three showed a correlation between mRNA level and protein abundance. As an initial step toward identifying proteins involved in maintaining the differentiated state of cardiomyocytes derived from P19CL6 cells, our data provide some helpful information that may lead to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms by which P19CL6 cells differentiate into cardiomyocytes after treatment with DMSO. J. Cell. Biochem. 102: 149–160, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The effect of simulated microgravity on osteoblasts is independent of the induction of apoptosis
Authors: Bucaro M.A. , Zahm A.M. , Risbud M.V. , Ayyaswamy P.S. , Mukundakrishnan K. , Steinbeck M.J. , Shapiro I.M. , Adams C.S. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractBone loss during spaceflight has been attributed, in part, to a reduction in osteoblast number, altered gene expression, and an increase in cell death. To test the hypothesis that microgravity induces osteoblast apoptosis and suppresses the mature phenotype, we created a novel system to simulate spaceflight microgravity combining control and experimental cells within the same in vitro environment. Cells were encapsulated into two types of alginate carriers: non‐rotationally stabilized (simulated microgravity) and rotationally stabilized (normal gravity). Using these specialized carriers, we were able to culture MC3T3‐E1 osteoblast‐like cells for 1–14 days in simulated microgravity and normal gravity in the same rotating wall vessel (RWV). The viability of cells was not affected by simulated microgravity, nor was the reductive reserve. To determine if simulated microgravity sensitized the osteoblasts to apoptogens, cells were challenged with staurosporine or sodium nitroprusside and the cell death was measured. Simulated microgravity did not alter the sensitivity of C3H10T‐1/2 stem cells, MC3T3‐E1 osteoblast‐like cells, or MLO‐A5 osteocyte‐like cells to the action of these agents. RT‐PCR analysis indicated that MC3T3‐E1 osteoblasts maintained expression of RUNX2, osteocalcin, and collagen type I, but alkaline phosphatase expression was decreased in cells subjected to simulated microgravity for 5 days. We conclude that osteoblast apoptosis is not induced by vector‐averaged gravity, thus suggesting that microgravity does not directly induce osteoblast death. J. Cell. Biochem. 102: 483–495, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.