bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Healing pattern of bone defects covered by different membrane types—A histologic study in the porcine mandible
Authors: Strietzel Frank P. , Khongkhunthian Pathawee , Khattiya Rutch , Patchanee Prapas , Reichart Peter A. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractFew investigations on guided bone regeneration (GBR) focus on the behaviour of tissues adjacent to barrier membranes. This study was conducted to (1) evaluate the barrier function potential of different resorbable and nonresorbable membranes for GBR, (2) investigate their structural changes after different intervals, and (3) characterize tissue composition and reaction adjacent to the barrier by qualitative histologic evaluation. Seven barriers for GBR were used per animal (made of dense or expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (d/ePTFE), titanium, polyetherurethane, collagen and two polylactide‐polyglycolide‐/‐trimethylenecarbonate‐co‐polymers (PLPG, LPGTC) in standardized defects not exceeding the critical size) without using bone substitution material or autogenous bone at the right inferior margin of the mandibles of six domestic pigs. Samples of the defect areas with membranes were harvested after 2 days (one animal), 4 and 8 (two animals, each) and 12 weeks (one animal), respectively. The healing of bone defects was completed in all animals after 12 weeks. Nonresorbable barriers prevented the soft tissue in‐growth into standardized defects. Thinner layers of fibrous tissue were seen underneath the dense and rigid barriers (dPTFE, titanium) when compared with collagen and PLPG/LPGTC, in which soft‐tissue plugs occupied the crestal defect portion. PLPG‐/LPGTC‐barriers underwent structural changes after 4 weeks and revealed blistered central layers, whereas structural changes were not evident in nonresorbable barriers. The degradation of PLPG‐/LPGTC‐membranes was present with in‐growth of fibres, vessels, and cells. Using collagen or synthetic polymer barriers for GBR, the application of bone or bone substitutes to prevent membrane prolapse into the defect is suggested. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2006
Comparison of two radio‐frequency plasma sterilization processes using microspot evaluation of microbial inactivation
Authors: Lassen Klaus S. , Johansen Jens E. , Grün Reinar 
Published: December 2005

AbstractIn this study, we evaluated gas plasma surface sterilization methods in a specific sterilizer. We have introduced a new monitoring method using 0.4 μm pore size membranes, which in this study gave the information corresponding to 3000 exposed biological indicators per treatment cycle. This enabled us to compare the fraction of inoculates that showed no growth after exposure for 30 different locations in the chamber, and hereby identify weak and strong spots in the chamber with regard to sporicidal effect. Membranes were also used to expose a broad spectrum of soil bacteria for plasma treatment at four different conditions. The organisms were identified using PCR and sequencing. The test showed that Bacillus stearothermophilus spores were inactivated at the slowest rate among the tested microorganisms. Further α‐proteobacteria (Gram negative) seemed more sensitive than the rest of the tested organisms. The microspot evaluation approach has been a most useful tool in the assessment of sterilization performance in sterilizers that do not have clear measurable parameters related to the sterilization. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2006
Preliminary β‐tricalcium phosphate coating prepared by discharging in a modified body fluid enhances collagen immobilization onto titanium
Authors: Hosaka Mizuyo , Shibata Yo , Miyazaki Takashi 
Published: December 2005

AbstractBecause of its excellent scaffold properties toward bone cells, collagen has been recognized as a promising extracellular matrix protein for surface modification of titanium implants. Hydroxyapatite (HA) coatings have been investigated as a preliminary coating for collagen immobilization on titanium implants. However, the composition of HA‐collagen is recognized as being difficult, and while many studies have suggested that biodegradable β‐tricalcium phosphate (β‐TCP) has better osteoconductivity than HA, the efficiency of preliminary β‐TCP coating for collagen immobilization on titanium surfaces has yet to be evaluated. This investigation aimed to evaluate the applicability of HA and β‐TCP coatings, prepared by discharging in modified body fluids, as preliminary collagen coatings. To increase collagen induction on preliminary HA and β‐TCP coatings, we used a new cathodic polarization method. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed that the bonding strength between the collagen NH+ amino groups of collagen and phosphate (PO43−) was greater on the β‐TCP coating than the HA coating. The preliminary β‐TCP coating was tightly crosslinked with RCOO− carboxyl groups of the collagen molecules and showed high cellular responses, even in the early stage of cell cultivation. Thus, this coating was found to be more effective than HA as a preliminary coating for collagen immobilization on titanium implants. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2006
An improved hydrophilicity via electrospinning for enhanced cell attachment and proliferation
Authors: Kim Chi Hun , Khil Myung Seob , Kim Hak Yong , Lee Hyun Uk , Jahng Kwang Yeop 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe wettability of electrospun poly(ϵ‐caprolactone) (PCL) mats was improved by co‐electrospinning with poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), by double‐spinneret electrospinning method. The improved hydrophilicity of the hybrid PCL/PVA mats was confirmed by water contact angle measurement. The in vitro cell attachment on the hydrophobic PCL and hydrophilically modified PCL/PVA mats was compared by culture studies using human prostate epithelial cells (HPECs). The stability of water‐soluble PVA component in the electrospun PCL/PVA mats was checked by thermogravimetric analysis and intensity of fluorescence material after immersion in water for 7 days. The images from scanning electron microscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and optical microscopy showed that the attachment and proliferation rate of HPECs were improved by introducing PVA into the electrospun PCL mats. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2006
Neurodegenerative actions of interleukin‐1 in the rat brain are mediated through increases in seizure activity
Authors: Patel H.C. , Ross F.M. , Heenan L.E. , Davies R.E. , Rothwell N.J. , Allan S.M. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe cytokine interleukin‐1 (IL‐1) is an established and important mediator of diverse forms of neuronal injury in experimental animals. However, its mechanisms of action remain largely unknown. We have reported previously that IL‐1 markedly enhances excitotoxic injury induced in the rat by striatal administration of the excitotoxin α‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazolepropionate (AMPA), leading to widespread neuronal loss throughout the ipsilateral cortex. Here we tested the hypothesis that IL‐1 causes this injury through induction and/or enhancement of seizure activity in the rat. Consistently with this hypothesis, intrastriatal injection of AMPA or AMPA with IL‐1 in the rat brain increased c‐Fos expression in regions similar to those in which c‐Fos has been reported previously in response to seizures. A significant increase in cortical neuronal activity (number of c‐Fos positive cells) was observed in response to AMPA with IL‐1 compared with AMPA (8 hr after injection). Increased seizure duration [3,522 ± 660 sec (SEM) vs. 1,415 ± 301 sec; P < 0.001] and cell death volume (140 ± 20 mm3 vs. 52 ± 6 mm3; P < 0.001) were seen in response to coinfusion of AMPA with IL‐1 vs. AMPA alone. In addition, the anticonvulsant diazepam (intraperitoneal) significantly reduced cell death (P < 0.001) and seizure duration (P < 0.001) induced by AMPA with IL‐1, and a significant correlation was found between seizure duration and cell death volume. These findings support our hypothesis that IL‐1 enhances excitotoxic injury by enhancement of seizures, which may be of relevance to IL‐1 actions in other forms of neuronal injury, including cerebral ischemia. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Economic and environmental symbiosis in a tourism attraction: an example from Hainan, China
Authors: Hu Wei , Wall Geoffrey 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe private sector in tourism is frequently criticised for exploiting environmental resources for maximisation of short‐term profits. Even when some environmental initiatives are taken, they are often judged to be superficial or simply public relations exercises. This paper, through application of principles and guidelines for environmentally responsible tourism, examines the development process, from an environmental perspective, of Nanshan Cultural Tourism Zone, a privately owned tourist attraction located in Hainan, China. It is demonstrated that with wise guidance and strict supervision, tourism development undertaken by the private sector can be both economically viable and developed and operated in an environmentally sensitive manner. The pursuit of short‐term economic benefits may be a motive, rather than a stumbling block, in the implementation of environmentally responsible tourism practices. © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The relationship between cultural values and individual work values in the hospitality industry
Authors: White Christopher 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThis paper examines the relationship between cultural values and individual work values. Two‐hundred and seventy‐six hospitality management students from mainland China and western Europe were surveyed and grouped according to their value orientations and multiple discriminate analysis was used to identify differences in work value preferences between the groups. The results indicated that a group consisting of mainly Chinese participants valued characteristics that have been associated with developed Western nations, and unlike previous studies, both groups viewed intrinsic as well as extrinsic work values as being important. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Government, public health, and physical activity
Authors: Jackson‐Elmoore Cynthia 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThis work was conducted as part of a project with the Urban Research Interest Group, an initiative sponsored by the Urban Affairs Programs, Center for Global Change and Earth Observations, the Institute of Public Policy and Social Research, and the Office of the Vice President for Research and Graduate Studies at Michigan State University. Related work was completed in partnership with Jodi Summers Holtrop and Sissi Burch.
Cp2TiCl‐catalyzed living radical polymerization of styrene initiated from peroxides
Authors: Asandei Alexandru D. , Saha Gobinda 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe effects of the reaction conditions and nature of the initiator were investigated in the Cp2Ti(III)Cl‐catalyzed living radical polymerization of styrene initiated by benzoyl peroxide (BPO), tert‐butyl peroxide (TBPO), tert‐butyl peroxybenzoate (TBPOB), dicumyl peroxide (CPO), and tert‐butylperoxy 2‐ethylhexyl carbonate (TBPOEHC). The reversible termination of the growing chains with Cp2Ti(III)Cl affords a linear dependence of molecular weight on conversion over a wide range of temperatures (60–120 °C) with an optimum in polydispersity (Mw/Mn < 1.2) for St/BPO/Cp2TiCl2/Zn = 100/1/3/6 at 60–90 °C. The similarity of the kinetic parameters from polymerizations initiated by peroxides with vastly different half‐life times (t = 1 h, t = 543 h) and the minimum peroxide/Ti = 1/2 ratio required for a living process indicate that initiation occurs primarily by the redox reaction of the peroxide with Cp2Ti(III)Cl rather than peroxide thermal decomposition. This is consistent with one Ti equivalent consumed in the redox initiation and the second one utilized in the reversible termination of the growing chains. Qualitatively, based on the livingness of the process, these initiators ranked as BPO > TBPOB ∼ TBPO > CPO > TBPOEHC. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 1106–1116, 2006
Synthesis and characterization of poly(phenylacetylene)s carrying oligo(ethylene oxide) pendants
Authors: Chen Junwu , Cheuk Kevin Ka‐Leung , Tang Ben Zhong 
Published: December 2005

AbstractA group of new amphiphilic poly(phenylacetylene)s bearing polar oligo(ethylene oxide) pendants, poly{4‐[2‐(2‐hydroxyethoxy)ethoxy]phenylacetylene} (1), poly(4‐{2‐[2‐(2‐hydroxyethoxy)‐ethoxy]ethoxy}phenylacetylene) (2p), poly(3‐{2‐[2‐(2‐hydroxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethoxy}phenylacetylene) (2m), poly(4‐{2‐[2‐(2‐methanesulfonyloxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethoxy}phenylacetylene) (3), poly(4‐{2‐[2‐(p‐toluenesulfonyloxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethoxy}phenylacetylene) (4), poly(4‐{2‐[2‐(2‐trimethylsilyloxy‐ethoxy)ethoxy] ethoxy}phenylacetylene) (5), and poly(4‐{2‐[2‐(2‐chloroethoxy)ethoxy]ethoxy}phenylacetylene) (6), were synthesized with organorhodium complexes as the polymerization catalysts. The structures and properties of the polymers were characterized with IR, UV, NMR, and thermogravimetric analysis. 1, 2p, and 2m, the three polymers containing pendants with hydroxyl groups, were oligomeric or insoluble. The organorhodium complexes worked well for the polymerization of the monomers without hydroxyl groups, giving soluble polymers 3–6 with a weight‐average molecular weight up to ∼160 × 103 and a yield up to 99%. Z‐rich polymers 3–6 could be prepared by judicious selections of the catalyst under optimal conditions. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 1153–1167, 2006
Individuals Charts and Additional Tests for Changes in Spread
Authors: Trip Albert , Wieringa Jaap E. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractA number of authors have indicated that it is not a good idea to use the moving range chart (MR‐chart) with an individuals chart to detect shifts in the spread. However, the combination of these charts is still used in practice and even presented as ‘best practice’ in some cases. In addition, some more recent articles present arguments that justify the use of the additional MR‐chart in specific situations. In this paper we investigate these arguments and add to the literature by providing two more reasons not to use the MR‐chart. First, the merit of using an MR‐chart has never been evaluated before in the context of runs rules. Earlier papers investigated the change in performance as a result of adding a MR‐chart to a bare individuals chart. We show that relative to existing well‐known runs rules, there is no advantage in using a close alternative to the MR‐chart. Secondly, we investigate the suggestion of some of the proponents of the MR‐chart that its weak performance is due to a bad design. We show that this is not the case. We evaluate the average run length performance of the combination of an individuals chart and a MR‐chart under the most favorable circumstances for several out‐of‐control situations by optimizing the design of the two charts for each situation. Our results show that even this ‘best‐case’ performance of the combination is hardly better than that of the individuals chart alone. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Proportional Intensity Models Robustness with Overhaul Intervals
Authors: Jiang Shwu‐Tzy , Landers Thomas L. , Reed Rhoads Teri 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe class of semi‐parametric proportional intensity (PI) models applies to recurrent failure event modeling for a repairable system with explanatory variables (covariates). Certain repairable systems (e.g. aircraft and electrical power generating plants) experience a substantial period of downtime due to performing maintenance (i.e. major overhaul) at scheduled intervals or following a major failure. Other systems (e.g. emergency power units) experience extended periods of non‐operating dormancy. These discontinuities in observation time have potential effects on the accuracy of estimation for covariate effects, particularly where calendar time is the life metric. This paper examines the robustness of two PI methods (Prentice–Williams–Peterson gap time (PWP‐GT) and Andersen–Gill (AG)) as a function of the overhaul or dormancy duration. The PWP‐GT model proves to perform well for sample size of 60 (30 per level of a class covariate), constant or moderately decreasing/increasing rate of occurrence of failures, and relative overhaul (dormancy) durations less than half of the immediately preceding interval between failures. The AG model performs consistently well for a small sample size of 20 (10 per level of a class covariate) for homogeneous Poisson processes, regardless of the relative overhaul (dormancy) duration. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lower serotonin transporter binding in caudate in alcoholics
Authors: Storvik Markus , Tiihonen Jari , Haukijärvi Tuija , Tupala Erkki 
Published: December 2005

AbstractDorsal striatum is regulated by the serotonergic system, and it is a brain area with a role in the development of obsessive thought patterns, which may be related to addiction. In this study, possible alterations of [3H]citalopram binding to serotonin transporter (SERT) were evaluated in the dorsal striatum of Cloninger type 1 and 2 alcoholics, and nonalcoholic control subjects by postmortem whole‐hemisphere autoradiography in humans. The SERT binding was significantly lower (−26%, effect size 1.74) in the caudate body of alcoholics. The SERT binding tended to be lower also in the other parts of the dorsal striatum in alcoholics, but the results did not reach significance. In addition, there was a significant positive correlation, especially in type 1 alcoholics, between the SERT binding in the body of the caudate and in the perigenual anterior cingulate cortex, an area in which the SERT binding has been shown to be lower among alcoholics. These results give preliminary evidence to suggest that the SERT binding in the dorsal striatum may be lower in alcoholics, and that the serotonergic system may be affected in cortical and striatal areas simultaneously. The cortico‐striatal‐thalamic axis may have an important role in fully developed addictions and the characterization of these correlations within the serotonergic system may lead to a better understanding of the anatomical dynamics underlying the neurochemistry of alcoholism. Synapse 59:144–151, 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of simplicity and discipline on operational flexibility: An empirical reexamination of the rigid flexibility model
Authors: da Silveira Giovani J.C. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThis study empirically tests the rigid flexibility model proposed by Collins and Schmenner [Collins, R.S., Schmenner, R.W., 1993. Achieving rigid flexibility: factory focus for the 1990s. European Management Journal 11 (4), 443–447]. It investigates relationships between flexibility performance and adoption of simplicity and discipline programs in manufacturing. The research replicates the study by Collins et al. [Collins, R.S., Cordon, C., Julien, D., 1998. An empirical test of the rigid flexibility model. Journal of Operations Management 16 (2–3), 133–146] with some modifications, including the use of a broader international database, the assessment of both technology and organizational programs, and the testing of the moderating role of dedicated line layout on the relationships between simplicity, discipline and flexibility. Analysis of data from 285 manufacturers of fabricated metal products, machinery, and equipment from 14 countries indicates that simplicity and discipline related positively to performance in product customization, volume flexibility, mix flexibility, and time to market, and that some of these relationships were more positive in high volume processes than in low volume processes. The results provide empirical validation to the rigid flexibility model in an international manufacturing context.
Verification and value of the Australian Bureau of Meteorology township seasonal rainfall forecasts in Australia, 1997–2005
Authors: Vizard A. L. , Anderson G. A. , Buckley D.J. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractWe verified the Bureau of Meteorology's seasonal rainfall forecasts for 262 townships throughout Australia, from its inception in June 1997 to May 2005. The results indicate that the forecasting system had low skill. Brier Skill Score and the receiver operating characteristic values were uniformly close to the no skill value. Forecast variances were consistently small. The overall observed variance was 0.0048, 2.1% of the variance of a perfect system. The estimate of the gradient of the outcome against forecast was 0.42 and was imprecise. Definitive statements about bias cannot be made. The value of the forecasts for decision‐makers was estimated using value score curves, calculated for six forecast scenarios. All curves indicated that no economic benefit could have been reliably derived by users of the seasonal rainfall forecasts, with the exception of users with decisions triggered by a small shift in the forecast from climatology, in which case small economic gains may have occurred. Small value scores were associated with the observed forecast variance, not the observed bias. We examined the expected change in value scores associated with any future increase in forecast variance. This showed that a moderate increase from the observed variance would bring limited benefits. Substantial value to a broad range of users will only occur with a large increase in forecast variance. To deliver this, new lead indicators with markedly better predictive characteristics may need to be developed for the seasonal rainfall forecasting system. Copyright © 2005 Royal Meteorological Society
The influence of traffic on road surface temperatures: implications for thermal mapping studies
Authors: Chapman Lee , Thornes John E. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractUsed to predict icy stretches of road during winter nights, thermal mapping is the measurement and visualisation of road surface temperatures for road ice prediction. From its development in the 1970s, the accuracy of thermal mapping has been subject to numerous systematic and random errors. One source of error is the effect of traffic, which is known to have a considerable influence on road surface temperatures. However, as the effects have never been fully quantified, the full implications for thermal mapping are unknown. In this study, consistent temperature differences of around 1.5°C were found across the different lanes and carriageways of a multi‐laned road. The thermal differences are significant and can be directly attributed to traffic heat fluxes. Copyright © 2005 Royal Meteorological Society
SoDA: implementation of a 3D alignment algorithm for inference of antigen receptor recombinations
Authors: Volpe Joseph M. , Cowell Lindsay G. , Kepler Thomas B. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract
Motivation: The antigen receptors of adaptive immunity—T-cell receptors and immunoglobulins—are encoded by genes assembled stochastically from combinatorial libraries of gene segments. Immunoglobulin genes then experience further diversification through hypermutation. Analysis of the somatic genetics of the immune response depends explicitly on inference of the details of the recombinatorial process giving rise to each of the participating antigen receptor genes. We have developed a dynamic programming algorithm to perform this reconstruction and have implemented it as web-accessible software called SoDA (Somatic Diversification Analysis).
Results: We tested SoDA against a set of 120 artificial immunoglobulin sequences generated by simulation of recombination and compared the results with two other widely used programs. SoDA inferred the correct gene segments more frequently than the other two programs. We further tested these programs using 30 human immunoglobulin genes from Genbank and here highlight instances where the recombinations inferred by the three programs differ. SoDA appears generally to find more likely recombinations.
Availability: SoDA is freely available for use via the web at the
Contact: kepler@duke.edu