bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hurthle cell tumors of the thyroid gland.
Authors: Miller Robert H. , Estrada Rolando , Sneed William F. , Mace Myles L. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractHurthle cell lesions of the thyroid gland, which are derived from follicular cells, occur in a variety of thyroid diseases. Hurthle cell neoplasms are generally easy to differentiate from non‐neoplastic lesions, but the separation of benign from malignant Hurthle cell tumors is difficult on a purely histologic basis unless capsular or vascular invasion or metastases are present. Since this distinction is so difficult to make, the authors recommend treating all Hurthle cell neoplasms as potentially malignant. Treatment includes total thyroidectomy, peritracheal node dissection and if palpable jugular nodes are present, a regional node dissection. A series of 11 patients with this disease and the literature are reviewed to document these recommendations.
Small cell carcinomas of the larynx: Results of combined modality treatments
Authors: Posner Marshall R. , Weichselbaum Ralph R. , Carrol Elaine , Fabian Richard L. , Miller Daniel , Ervin Thomas J. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractFour cases of primary small cell carcinoma of the larynx are described. Two patients presented with extensive metastatic disease and two with tumor limited to the larynx. All four cases responded (3PR, ICR) to systemic combination chemotherapy. Long‐term remission was achieved in one patient with limited disease who underwent chemotherapy with a complete response followed by definitive radiotherapy. Treatment results are compared with previously reported cases. The importance of early diagnosis through staging, and combined treatment in small cell carcinoma of the larynx is discussed.
Injuries related to all‐terrain vehicular accidents: A closer look at head and neck trauma
Authors: Friedman Rick , Sitzer Matthew , Schaff Howard B. , Harris Jeffrey P. , Marshall Lawrence , Shackford Steven 
Published: October 2006

AbstractMorbidity and mortality associated with all‐terrain vehicular accidents is climbing at a steady rate. These accidents frequently result in multiorgan system trauma. A retrospective study of all victims involved in three‐wheel motor vehicle accidents admitted to the UCSD Trauma Unit between July 1980 and July 1985 is presented. Injury severity was assessed using the Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) and the Injury Severity Score (ISS). The average patient age was 23.3 years with 30% under 16 years of age. There was a male to female ratio of 14:1. The average hospital stay was 12.4 days. Six percent died as a result of their injuries. Injuries to the head and neck were sustained by 83.3% of patients, facial injuries by 46.6%, injuries to the chest by 13.3%, and injuries to the pelvis and abdomen by 13.3%. Thirty percent suffered injuries to the extremities and over 50% had abrasions, contusions, and/or lacerations. Physicians, the public, and state and federal agencies are urged to promote safer use of these recreational vehicles.
The anterior inferior cerebellar artery in the internal auditory canal
Authors: Reisser Christoph , Schuknecht Harold F. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractIt has been proposed that compression of the auditory and vestibular nerve trunks by vascular loops might be the cause of otherwise unexplained hearing loss, tinnitus, and vertigo, as well as Men‐iere's disease. We studied the human temporal bone histological collection at the Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary to determine whether audiovestibular symptoms could be correlated with the presence of the anterior inferior cerebellar artery within the internal auditory canal. Anterior inferior cerebellar artery loops were found within the internal auditory canals of 12.3% of 1327 temporal bones, about half the number found when preparations with intact brains are studied. This difference can be attributed to avulsion of the anterior inferior cerebellar artery during removal of the brain at autopsy. There were 5 cases of unexplained unilateral hearing loss with anterior inferior cerebellar artery loops: 3 in the opposite ear and 2 in both ears. There were 2 cases with unilateral unexplained tinnitus with anterior inferior cerebellar artery loops: 1 in the involved ear and 1 in the opposite ear. A case with bilateral tinnitus had an anterior inferior cerebellar artery loop in 1 ear. There were 29 cases of vertigo with no peripheral histo‐pathological correlate or central nervous system disorder; anterior inferior cerebellar artery loops were found in the internal auditory canals of 7 (12.5%) of the 56 ears in this group, which is not significantly different from the 12.3% incidence recorded for the entire collection. In 23 cases of unilateral Meniere's disease, there were anterior inferior cerebellar artery loops in the hydropic ears in 3, the opposite ear in 1, and both ears in 1. We can find no correlation between unexplained hearing loss, tinnitus, vertigo, or Meniere's disease and the presence of the anterior inferior cerebellar artery in the internal auditory canal.
Effects of arytenoid adduction on laryngeal function following ansa cervicalis nerve transfer for vocal fold paralysis in an in vivo canine model
Authors: Nasri Sina , Sercarz Joel A. , Ye Ming , Kreiman Jody , Gerratt Bruce R. , Berke Gerald S. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractLaryngeal reinnervation with the ansa cervicalis has been proposed as a treatment for human unilateral vocal fold paralysis (UVFP). This study tested the assumption that results from reinnervation could be improved if combined with medialization surgery. Six canine subjects underwent recurrent laryngeal nerve section and reinnervation with a branch of the ansa cervicalis. After reinnervation, vocal function was assessed before and after arytenoid adduction. Although laryngeal function improved significantly following reinnervation, results were significantly enhanced by the addition of medialization surgery. The implications for the treatment of human unilateral vocal fold paralysis are discussed.
Modified liberatory maneuver: Effective treatment for benign paroxysmal positional vertigo
Authors: Harvey Steven A. , Hain Timothy C. , Adamiec Lois C. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractA modification of the liberatory maneuver was used to treat 25 patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV). The modified liberatory maneuver relieved symptoms without recurrence in 11 (44%) patients. A partial response was noted in 6 (24%) patients, and there was no improvement in 8 (32%) patients. Follow‐up ranged from 1 to 20 months (median 4.0 months). Patient age was not predictive of response to treatment. Duration of symptoms before treatment, however, was greater in nonresponders (median 15.5 months) than in complete (median 5.0 months) or partial (median 3.5 months) responders. The modified liberatory maneuver takes approximately 5 minutes to perform and provides effective treatment in two thirds of patients who suffer from BPPV.
Prediction of occult neck disease in laryngeal cancer by means of a logistic regression statistical model
Authors: Ghouri Ahmed F. , Zamora Rene L. , Sessions Donald G. , Spitznagel Edward L. , Harvey Joseph E. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe ability to accurately predict the presence of subclinical metastatic neck disease in clinically N0 patients with primary epidermoid cancer of the larynx would be of great value in determining whether to perform an elective neck dissection. We describe a statistical approach to estimating the probability of occult neck disease given pretreatment clinical parameters. A retrospective study was performed involving 736 clinically N0 patients with primary laryngeal cancer who were treated surgically with primary resection and ipsilateral neck dissection. Nodal involvement was determined histologically after surgical lymphadenectomy. A logistic regression model was used to derive an equation that calculated the probability of occult neck metastasis based on pretreatment T stage, tumor location, and histologic grade. The model has a sensitivity of 74%, a specificity of 87%, and can be entered into a programmable calculator.
Die „zweite Bauernrätebewegung“ im Deutschen Reich 1919–1920
Authors: Balestracci Fiammetta 
Published: October 2006

Vorspann
Nach der Revolution von 1918 waren überall im Reich Arbeiter- und Soldatenräte entstanden, die mit den alten agrarischen Interessenverbänden um die Kontrolle der Räte wetteiferten, die sich in den landwirtschaftlich geprägten Regionen gebildet hatten. Im Frühjahr 1919 trat mit August Davier ein Großagrarier aus Sachsen-Anhalt auf den Plan, der das Projekt eines nationalen Zusammenschlusses aller agrarischen Interessen verfolgte – schließlich aber scheiterte. Worauf wollte der Großagrarier hinaus? Und weshalb erlitt er mit seinen Ambitionen, die sich offenkundig auch gegen den neuen demokratischen Staat richteten, Schiffbruch?
Bonn und das strategische Embargo gegen die Sowjetunion und ihre Verbündeten 1949–1958
Authors: Fäßler Peter E. 
Published: October 2006

Vorspann
Das Embargo, das die USA nach 1945 gegenüber der Sowjetunion und deren Verbündeten errichteten, wurde zu einem der zentralen Faktoren in der internationalen Wirtschaftspolitik der Nachkriegszeit. Dem standen die massiven wirtschaftlichen Interessen gegenüber, welche die westeuropäischen Volkswirtschaften, und insbesondere die der Bundesrepublik, im „Ostblock“ verfolgten. Schon sehr bald befand sich die Bonner Regierung in einem fundamentalen Dilemma: Sollte sie ihre wirtschaftlichen Interessen den außenpolitischen unterordnen?
An Effective Nonchemical Treatment for Head Lice: A Lot of Hot Air
Authors: Goates Brad M. , Atkin Joseph S. , Wilding Kevin G. , Birch Kurtis G. , Cottam Michael R. , Bush Sarah E. , Clayton Dale H. 
Published: November 2006

OBJECTIVES. Head lice (Pediculus humanus capitis) are a major irritant to children and their parents around the world. Each year millions of children are infested with head lice, a condition known as pediculosis, which is responsible for tens of millions of lost school days. Head lice have evolved resistance to many of the currently used pediculicides; therefore, an effective new treatment for head lice is needed. In this study we examined the effectiveness of several methods that use hot air to kill head lice and their eggs.METHODS. We tested 6 different treatment methods on a total of 169 infested individuals. Each method delivers hot air to the scalp in a different way. We evaluated how well these methods kill lice and their eggs in situ. We also performed follow-up inspections to evaluate whether the sixth, most successful, method can cure head louse infestations.RESULTS. All 6 methods resulted in high egg mortality (≥88%), but they showed more-variable success in killing hatched lice. The most successful method, which used a custom-built machine called the LouseBuster, resulted in nearly 100% mortality of eggs and 80% mortality of hatched lice. The LouseBuster was effective in killing lice and their eggs when operated at a comfortable temperature, slightly cooler than a standard blow-dryer. Virtually all subjects were cured of head lice when examined 1 week after treatment with the LouseBuster. There were no adverse effects of treatment.CONCLUSIONS. Our findings demonstrate that one 30-minute application of hot air has the potential to eradicate head lice infestations. In summary, hot air is an effective, safe treatment and one to which lice are unlikely to evolve resistance.
School Performance and Social-Emotional Behavior of Primary School Children Before and After a Disaster
Authors: Smilde-van den Doel Dini A. , Smit Cees , Wolleswinkel-van den Bosch Judith H. 
Published: November 2006

OBJECTIVES. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the cognitive and social-emotional consequences in a general population of primary school children affected by the firework disaster in Enschede, the Netherlands, on May 13, 2000. The explosions caused tremendous damage in the surrounding neighborhood. Twenty-two people immediately died and &gt;1000 were injured.
METHODS. This retrospective study assessed school performance and social-emotional behavior before and up to 3 years after the disaster. Objectively measured school test results in spelling and arithmetic/mathematics and multi-informant social-emotional behavioral assessments were compared between exposed and nonexposed primary school children. Multivariate logistic-regression was used to assess the relationship between exposure and cognitive and social emotional functioning.
RESULTS. On school performances, the children exposed to the disaster performed over a period of 3 years after the disaster as good as or better than classmates, controls, and a national reference population. Shortly after the disaster, exposed children even seemed to have better school test results than nonexposed children. Two to 3 years after the disaster, a significant effect of disaster exposure was found on social-emotional behavior. Problematic behavior was reported by teachers, parents, and the school doctor.
CONCLUSIONS. This study demonstrates a limited influence of disaster exposure on school performance in primary school children. This study also shows that teachers and youth health care practitioners especially should be aware of children starting school several years after a disaster. Although very young at the time of a disaster (1–4 years of age), they may experience disaster-related problems.
Hyperglycemia Is a Risk Factor for Early Death and Morbidity in Extremely Low Birth-Weight Infants
Authors: Hays Stephane P. , Smith E. O'Brian , Sunehag Agneta L. 
Published: November 2006

OBJECTIVES. The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of hyperglycemia in extremely low birth-weight infants and to determine whether hyperglycemia increases the risk of early adverse outcomes (death or intraventricular hemorrhage of grade 3 or 4) and/or affects the length of hospital stay among survivors without intraventricular hemorrhage.METHODS. The charts of all extremely low birth-weight infants (n = 93) admitted to Texas Children's Hospital (Houston, TX) during 2001 were reviewed. The highest daily blood glucose concentrations, highest dopamine infusion rates, highest daily percentage of inspired oxygen, and mean blood sodium concentrations were averaged over the first week of life or before death or occurrence of grade 3 or 4 intraventricular hemorrhage. Among survivors without severe intraventricular hemorrhage, the time ratio for blood glucose concentrations of &gt;150 mg/dL was calculated.RESULTS. More than 50% of the infants had persistent blood glucose concentrations of &gt;150 mg/dL during their first week of life. Early adverse outcomes were associated with the average highest daily blood glucose concentration through interaction with the Clinical Risk Index for Babies score and with the average highest daily percentage of inspired oxygen. The length of hospital stay was associated with the time ratio for blood glucose concentrations of &gt;150 mg/dL through interaction with birth weight and the average highest daily percentage of inspired oxygen.CONCLUSION. These data confirm the high prevalence of hyperglycemia among parenterally fed, extremely low birth-weight infants and show that high blood glucose concentrations increase the risk of early death and grade 3 or 4 intraventricular hemorrhage and the length of hospital stay among survivors without intraventricular hemorrhage, which suggests that prevention and treatment of hyperglycemia may improve the outcomes of extremely low birth-weight infants.
Evaluation and Development of Potentially Better Practices to Improve Pain Management of Neonates
Authors: Sharek Paul J. , Powers Richard , Koehn Amy , Anand Kanwaljeet J. S. 
Published: November 2006

OBJECTIVEDespite increased knowledge, improved options, and regulatory man-dates, pain management of neonates remains inadequate, promoted by the ineffective translation of research data into clinical practice. The Neonatal Intensive Care Quality Improvement Collaborative 2002 was created to provide participating NICUs the tools necessary to translate research, related to prevention and treat-ment of neonatal pain, into practice. The objective for this study was to use proven quality improvement methods to develop a process to improve neonatal pain management collaboratively.METHODSTwelve members of the Neonatal Intensive Care Quality Improvement Collaborative 2002 formed an exploratory group to improve neonatal pain management. The exploratory group established group and site-specific goals and outcome measures for this project. Group members crafted a list of potentially better practices on the basis of the available literature, encouraged implementation of the potentially better practices at individual sites, developed a database for sharing information, and measured baseline outcomes.RESULTSThe goal “improve the assessment and management of infants experiencing pain in the NICU” was established. In addition, each site within the group identified local goals for improvement in neonatal pain management. Data from 7 categories of neonates (N = 277) were collected within 48 hours of NICU admission to establish baseline data for clinical practices. Ten potentially better practices were developed for prioritized pain conditions, and 61 potentially better practices were newly implemented at the 12 participating sites. Various methods were used for pain assessment at the participating centers. At baseline, heel sticks were used more frequently than peripheral intravenous insertions or venipunctures, with substantial variability in the number of avoidable procedures between centers. Pain was assessed in only 17% of procedures, and analgesic interventions were performed in 19% of the procedures at baseline.CONCLUSIONSCollaborative use of quality improvement methods resulted in the creation of self-directed, efficient, and effective processes to improve neonatal pain management. Group establishment of potentially better practices, collective and site-specific goals, and extensive baseline data resulted in accelerated implementation of clinical practices that would not likely occur outside a collaborative setting.
Primary Hemorrhagic Stroke in Children With Sickle Cell Disease Is Associated With Recent Transfusion and Use of Corticosteroids
Authors: Strouse John J. , Hulbert Monica L. , DeBaun Michael R. , Jordan Lori C. , Casella James F. 
Published: November 2006

OBJECTIVES. Primary hemorrhagic stroke is an uncommon complication of sickle cell disease, with reported mortality rates of 24% to 65%. Most reported cases are in adults; little is known about its occurrence in children. Proposed risk factors include previous ischemic stroke, aneurysms, low steady-state hemoglobin, high steady-state leukocyte count, acute chest syndrome, and hypertransfusion. We performed a retrospective case-control study to evaluate risk and prognostic factors for primary hemorrhagic stroke among children with sickle cell disease.
PATIENTS AND METHODS. Case subjects (sickle cell disease and primary hemorrhagic stroke) and control subjects (sickle cell disease and ischemic stroke) were identified at 2 children’s hospitals from January 1979 to December 2004 by reviewing divisional records and the discharge databases.
RESULTS. We identified 15 case subjects (mean age: 10.4 ± 1.3 years) and 29 control subjects (mean age: 5.2 ± 0.4 years). An increased risk of hemorrhagic stroke was associated with a history of hypertension and recent (in the last 14 days) transfusion, treatment with corticosteroids, and possibly nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs. Average blood pressures at well visits (adjusted for age and gender) were similar between the 2 groups, suggesting that hypertension was intermittent
CONCLUSIONS. In this group of children with sickle cell disease, hemorrhagic stroke was associated with a history of hypertension or antecedent events including transfusion or treatment with corticosteroids. Improved understanding of risk and prognostic factors, especially those that are modifiable, may help prevent this devastating complication in children with sickle cell disease.
A Systematic Review for the Effects of Television Viewing by Infants and Preschoolers
Authors: Thakkar Rupin R. , Garrison Michelle M. , Christakis Dimitri A. 
Published: November 2006

OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this work was to conduct a systematic review of experimental trials for the effects of television viewing by infants and preschoolers.
METHODS. Searches were conducted as of January 2005 on several online bibliographic databases for the disciplines of medicine, psychology, education, and communications. Relevant bibliographies were also reviewed. The article contents were critically evaluated to determine whether they met inclusion criteria. Data were extracted from each included article regarding study methods and results.
RESULTS. Twelve controlled trials met all of the criteria for inclusion in this review. All of the studies focused on the effect of television content rather than viewing time. The findings suggest that educational television programs are successful in broadening young children's knowledge, affecting their racial attitudes, and increasing their imaginativeness. There is insufficient experimental evidence for effects of viewing these programs on either children's prosocial behavior or their aggressive behavior. Finally, there is some evidence that viewing cartoons has a negative effect on children's attentional abilities.
CONCLUSIONS. A number of gaps remain in the literature. Although the amount of time children spend viewing television raises concern, the studies presented here focus only on content. Despite the fact that infants are the fastest growing television market segment, the controlled trials only include children aged ≥3 years. Finally, the clinical utility of the findings are questionable given that most studies included small group sizes, all took place in nonnaturalistic settings, and all but 1 study only evaluated short-term effects of television viewing.
Primary Care Physicians' Attitudes Regarding Follow-up Care for Children With Positive Newborn Screening Results
Authors: Kemper Alex R. , Uren Rebecca L. , Moseley Kathryn L. , Clark Sarah J. 
Published: November 2006

BACKGROUND. Although primary care physicians are responsible for providing follow-up care after a positive newborn screen, little is known about their willingness or ability to do so.METHODS. A national mail survey of a random sample of 350 general pediatricians and 350 family physicians was conducted from April to June 2006.RESULTS. The response rate was 63% among pediatricians and 50% among family physicians. Most pediatricians (89.7%) and nearly one half of family physicians (44.1%) had had a patient with a positive newborn screen within the past 5 years. Most respondents thought that primary care physicians should be responsible for informing families about a positive newborn screen (73.2%), arranging confirmatory testing (66.0%), and coordinating subspecialty referral (85.3%). However, more than one half (56.2%) would prefer newborn screening programs to provide the initial evaluation of positive newborn screening results. Some respondents (but fewer pediatricians than family physicians) reported that they were not competent to discuss conditions included in newborn screening panels (eg, 22.6% of pediatricians and 53.2% of family physicians for phenylketonuria and 8.8% of pediatricians and 40.4% of family physicians for congenital hypothyroidism). More than one half (58.3%) thought that families with a child diagnosed as having congenital hypothyroidism should receive formal genetic counseling. Respondents were less likely to think that families with a child with sickle cell trait, compared with families with a child who is a cystic fibrosis carrier, should receive formal genetic counseling (69.3% vs 84.1%).CONCLUSIONS. Many primary care physicians are not prepared to manage the follow-up care of children with a positive newborn screen, including initial counseling, diagnosis, and subspecialty referral. New strategies are needed to ensure appropriate and equitable health care delivery.