bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SC-19220, Antagonist of Prostaglandin E2 Receptor EP1, Inhibits Osteoclastogenesis by RANKL
Authors: Tsujisawa Toshiyuki , Inoue Hiromasa , Nishihara Tatsuji 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
We examined the direct effect of SC-19220, an EP1 prostaglandin (PG) E2 receptor antagonist, on osteoclastogenesis induced by RANK/RANKL signaling in mouse cell cultures. We found that SC-19220 inhibited RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis by suppression of the RANK/RANKL signaling pathway in osteoclast precursors.
Introduction: Bone growth is accomplished by a dynamic equilibrium between formation by osteoblasts and resorption by osteoclasts, which are regulated by many systemic and local osteotropic factors that induce osteoclast formation from hematopoietic precursors through RANK/RANKL signaling. There are four subtypes of prostaglandin E (PGE) receptors, EP1, EP2, EP3, and EP4, and PGE2 facilitates bone resorption by a mechanism mediated by EP2/EP4. It is well known that SC-19220 is an EP1-specific antagonist. We previously found that SC-19220 inhibited osteoclastogenesis induced by osteotropic factors, including PGE2; however, the inhibitory mechanism is not clear. In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effects of SC-19220 on osteoclastogenesis induced by RANK/RANKL signaling in mouse cell cultures and analyzed the mechanism involved.
Materials and Methods: A bone marrow culture system and bone marrow macrophages were used to examine the effects of SC-19220 on PGE2-, 11-deoxy-PGE1-, and RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis. We analyzed RANKL expression in osteoblasts induced by PGE2 using RT-PCR. We also examined the effects of SC-19220 on the macrophage-colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) receptor (c-Fms) and RANK expression in osteoclast precursors as well as RANK/RANKL signaling using RT-PCR and Western blotting analyses.
Results and Conclusion: SC-19220 dose-dependently inhibited osteoclast formation induced by PGE2, 11-deoxy-PGE1, and RANKL in the mouse culture system; however, it had no influence on RANKL expression in osteoblasts induced by PGE2. Furthermore, the expression of RANK and c-Fms in osteoclast precursors was decreased by SC-19220 at the mRNA and protein levels. In RANK signaling networks, SC-19220 inhibited c-Src and NFAT2 expression. Our findings indicated that SC-19220 inhibits RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis through the suppression of RANK, c-Fms, c-Src, and NFAT2, suggesting that this EP1-specific antagonist inhibits osteoclast formation induced by RANKL from the early stage of osteoclastogenesis.
Comparison of the Action of Transient and Continuous PTH on Primary Osteoblast Cultures Expressing Differentiation Stage-Specific GFP
Authors: Wang Yu-Hsiung , Liu Yaling , Buhl Kathy , Rowe David W 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
Primary calvarial osteoblast cultures derived from type I collagen promoter-GFP reporter transgenic mice were used to examine progression of the osteoblast lineage. This system was validated by assessing the effect of PTH on osteoblast growth in real time. The anabolic effect of PTH seemed to be the result of enhanced osteoblast differentiation rather than expansion of a progenitor population.
Introduction: Activation of green fluorescent protein (GFP) marker genes driven by Col1a1 promoter fragments has been associated with the level of osteoblast differentiation. GFP-marked cultures provide an approach to continuously monitor the level of osteoblast differentiation in real time without the termination of cultures.
Materials and Methods: Neonatal calvarial cells transgenic for pOBCol2.3GFP and pOBCol3.6GFP were used to establish calvarial osteoblast cultures. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) was added either continuous (days 1–21) or transient (days 1–7) to examine its diverse effect on osteoblast differentiation in cultures for 21 days. Three fluorescent markers were used: (1) pOBCol3.6GFP, which is activated in preosteoblastic cells; (2) pOBCol2.3GFP, which is restricted to differentiated osteoblasts; and (3) xylenol orange (XO), which stains the mineralized nodules. Progression of osteoblast differentiation indicated by fluorescent markers was documented throughout the entire period of culture. Recorded fluorescent images were analyzed in the patterns of expression and quantitated in the area of expression.
Results: Continuous PTH blocked osteoblast differentiation, which was evident by the attenuation of pOBCol3.6GFP and an absence of pOBCol2.3GFP. In contrast, transient PTH inhibited the initial osteoblast differentiation but ultimately resulted in a culture with more mineralized nodules and enhanced osteoblast differentiation expressing strong levels of pOBCol3.6GFP and pOBCol2.3GFP. Quantitative analysis showed that transient PTH first decreased then later increased areas of GFP expression and XO staining, which correlated with results of Northern blot and alkaline phosphatase activity. Transient PTH caused a decrease in DNA content during the treatment and after the removal of PTH.
Conclusion: GFP-marked cultures combined with fluorescent image analysis have the advantage to assess the effect of PTH on osteoblast differentiation in real time. Results suggest that the anabolic effect of transient PTH is caused by an enhancement in osteoblast differentiation rather than an increase in the population of progenitor cells.
Low Plasma Vitamin B12 Is Associated With Lower BMD: The Framingham Osteoporosis Study
Authors: Tucker Katherine L , Hannan Marian T , Qiao Ning , Jacques Paul F , Selhub Jacob , Cupples L Adrienne , Kiel Douglas P 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
Vitamin B12 is important to DNA synthesis and may affect bone formation. We examined the association between this vitamin and BMD in 2576 adults. Men with plasma B12 &lt; 148 pM had significantly lower BMD at the hip, and women at the spine, relative to those with higher B12, and trends were similar for both at all sites. Low vitamin B12 may be a risk factor for low BMD.
Introduction: Vitamin B12 is important to DNA synthesis and may affect bone formation. It has been linked to osteoblastic activity in clinical studies and cell culture.
Materials and Methods: We examined the relationship between plasma vitamin B12 status and BMD in 2576 adult participants in the Framingham Offspring Osteoporosis Study (1996–2001). BMD was measured by DXA at the hip and spine. Plasma vitamin B12 was measured by radioassay. Mean BMD measures were estimated for four categories of vitamin B12 concentration, based on commonly used cut-offs, using analysis of covariance, adjusted for age, BMI, physical activity score for the elderly (PASE), alcohol use, smoking status, total calcium and vitamin D intake, season of bone measurement, and for women, menopause status and current estrogen use. Further adjustment for protein intake and total homocysteine concentration was also performed.
Results: Both men and women with vitamin B12 concentrations &lt;148 pM had lower average BMD than those with vitamin B12 above this cut-off. These differences were significant (p &lt; 0.05) for men at most hip sites and for women at the spine. Significance remained after further adjustment for protein intake and plasma homocysteine.
Conclusions: Vitamin B12 deficiency may be an important modifiable risk factor for osteoporosis.
Contribution of the LRP5 Gene to Normal Variation in Peak BMD in Women
Authors: Koller Daniel L , Ichikawa Shoji , Johnson Michelle L , Lai Dongbing , Xuei Xiaoling , Edenberg Howard J , Conneally P Michael , Hui Siu L , Johnston C Conrad , Peacock Munro , Foroud Tatiana , Econs Michael J 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
The role of the LRP5 gene in rare BMD-related traits has recently been shown. We tested whether variation in this gene might play a role in normal variation in peak BMD. Association between SNPs in LRP5 and hip and spine BMD was measured in 1301 premenopausal women. Only a small proportion of the BMD variation was attributable to LRP5 in our sample.
Introduction: Mutations in the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 (LRP5) gene have been implicated as the cause of multiple distinct BMD-related rare Mendelian phenotypes. We sought to examine whether the LRP5 gene contributes to the observed variation in peak BMD in the normal population.
Materials and Methods: We genotyped 12 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in LRP5 using allele-specific PCR and mass spectrometry methods. Linkage disequilibrium between the genotyped LRP5 SNPs was measured. We tested for association between these SNPs and both hip and spine BMD (adjusted for age and body weight) in 1301 healthy premenopausal women who took part in a sibling pair study aimed at identifying the genes underlying peak bone mass. Our study used both population-based (ANOVA) and family-based (quantitative transmission disequilibrium test) association methodology.
Results and Conclusions: The linkage disequilibrium pattern and haplotype block structure within the LRP5 gene were consistent with that observed in other studies. Although significant evidence of association was found between LRP5 SNPs and both hip and spine BMD, only a small proportion of the total variation in these phenotypes was accounted for. The genotyped SNPs accounted for ∼0.8% of the variation in femoral neck BMD and 1.1% of the variation in spine BMD. Results from our sample suggest that natural variation in and around LRP5 is not a major contributor to the observed variability in peak BMD at either the femoral neck or lumbar spine in white women.
Overexpression of Lysyl Hydroxylase-2b Leads to Defective Collagen Fibrillogenesis and Matrix Mineralization
Authors: Pornprasertsuk Suchaya , Duarte Wagner R , Mochida Yoshiyuki , Yamauchi Mitsuo 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
Several MC3T3-E1 cell-derived clones expressing higher levels of LH2b were analyzed for their abilities to form collagen fibrils and mineralization. The clones all exhibited smaller collagen fibrils and defective matrix mineralization in vitro and in vivo, indicating a critical role of LH2b-catalyzed post-translational modifications of collagen in bone matrix formation and mineralization.
Introduction: We have recently shown that lysyl hydroxylase (LH) 2b, through its action on the telopeptidyl lysine residues of collagen, regulates collagen cross-linking pathway in the osteoblastic cell line, MC3T3-E1. To further elucidate the roles of LH2b in bone physiology, the effects of overexpression of LH2b on collagen fibrillogenesis and matrix mineralization were investigated.
Materials and Methods: Several MC3T3-E1-derived osteoblastic cell clones expressing higher levels of LH2b (S clones) and two controls (i.e., MC3T3-E1 cells and those transfected with an empty vector) were cultured. MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry was used to identify the LH2b. The collagen fibrillogenesis in the cultures was characterized by transmission electron microscopy, and the ability of these clones and cells to form mineralized matrix was analyzed by both in vitro and in vivo mineralization assays.
Results: The diameter of collagen fibrils in the S clone cultures was markedly smaller than that of the controls. The onset of matrix mineralization in the S clones was significantly delayed, and considerably fewer mineralized nodules were formed in their cultures in comparison with the controls. When transplanted into immunodeficient mice, the S clones failed to form mineralized matrices in vivo, whereas a bone-like mineralized matrix was well formed by the controls. The diameter of the collagen fibrils and the timing/extent of matrix mineralization in vitro were inversely correlated with the level of LH2b. In vitro cell differentiation was unaffected by the LH2b overexpression.
Conclusions: These results indicate a critical role of LH2b catalyzed post-translational modification of collagen (i.e., telopeptidyl lysine hydroxylation and subsequent cross-linking) in collagen matrix formation and mineralization in bone.
Determination of Cylindrical Soil Specimen Dimensions by Imaging with Application to Volume Change of Bentonite-Sand Mixtures
Authors: Önal Okan , Ören Ali Hakan , Özden Gürkan , Kaya Abidin 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
Volumetric shrinkage of compacted bentonite and sand mixtures has been continuously monitored at small strain levels (i.e., &lt;5 %) using a digital image processing technique. A special digital measurement setup and a computer algorithm have been developed in order to identify volume of the drying specimens. Volume change of three compacted bentonite-sand mixtures at different initial moisture contents were recorded during drying by means of vernier caliper and digital measurements. Continuous monitoring of the volumetric shrinkage of specimens using digital images proved that digital measurement and data reduction methodology developed herein is capable of determining the shrinkage amount with desired accuracy. It is shown in the study that consistent volumetric shrinkage strain readings can be taken using this cost effective, nondestructive, and operator independent measurement setup, which may have become the preferred shrinkage measurement methodology in soil mechanics laboratory practice with some added features.
Prediction of Three-Phase Relative Permeabilities Using a Pore-Scale Network Model Anchored to Two-Phase Data
Authors: Svirsky D. S. , van Dijke M. I. J. , Sorbie K. S. 
Published: October 2007

Summary
A first attempt has been made to predict three-phase relative permeability experimental data of a water-wet Berea sandstone obtained by Oak (1990) using the three-phase flow network model for arbitrary wettability developed by van Dijke and Sorbie (2002a). First, the network model is anchored to the corresponding two-phase relative permeability and capillary pressure data using an idealized representation of the pore geometry and a simple parameter-fitting procedure. Then, predictions of three-phase properties are made, which are compared with experimental data as well as previous predictions from different network models. The present study has confirmed that the relatively simple network model, anchored to experimental data, is able to predict three-phase relative permeabilities with reasonable accuracy, comparable to the accuracy of more-complex models. On the basis of these preliminary results, a limited sensitivity study is carried out with respect to different wettability states and two combinations of interfacial tensions (IFTs). This study reveals some new results with respect to the invariance of relative permeability to interfacial-tension combinations and the trend of water relative permeability as a function of the fraction of oil-wet pores in systems of nonuniform wettability.
Redevelopment of a Matured Multilayered Carbonate Offshore Field Through High-Technology Horizontal and Multilateral Wells
Authors: Kumar Rajesh , Ramanan S. , Narasimham J. L. 
Published: October 2007

Summary
Oil productivity from Mumbai High field, an offshore multilayered carbonate reservoir, increased significantly through the implementation of a major redevelopment program. Geoscientific information available from approximately 700 exploratory and development wells drilled in the field during nearly 25 years was incorporated during geological and reservoir simulation modeling of the field. High-technology drilling (viz. horizontal/multilaterals for the new development wells) was adopted on field scale to effectively address typical complexity of the layered carbonate reservoirs. Since the commencement of the project in 2000, approximately 140 new wells were drilled, mostly with horizontal and multilateral drainholes. Besides these, more than 70 suboptimal producers were also converted as horizontal sidetracks under brownfield development. The horizontal sidetracks were drilled as long-drift sidetrack (LDST), extended-reach drilling (ERD), LDST-ERD, short-drift sidetrack (SDST), and medium-radius drainhole (MRDH) types of wells through the application of innovative and emerging drilling technologies with nondamaging drilling fluids, whipstocks to kick off sidetrack wells, rotary-steering systems, and expandable tubulars to complete horizontal sidetracks in lower layers. With the implementation of this project, the declining trend was fully arrested and a significant upward trend in production has been established.
Prevalence of important zoonotic parasites in dog populations from the Slovak Republic
Authors: Szabová E. , Juriš P. , Miterpáková M. , Antolová D. , Papajová I. , Šefčíková H. 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
Dogs serve as the vectors of serious parasitic diseases with a zoonotic character. In a one-year-study, we collected and examined 752 faeces of dogs. In these faecal samples, 11 different species of intestinal endoparasites were detected, as follows: Toxocara spp. eggs (21.9 %), eggs from the family Ancylostomatidae (18.4 %), coccidia oocysts (10.4 %), eggs of Trichuris spp. (10.0 %), Toxascaris leonina (7.3 %), Capillaria spp. (5.9 %), Taenia type eggs (3.2 %) and Giardia spp. cysts (1.6 %). Echinococcus multilocularis was detected in one sample. Toxocara spp. eggs were dominant in all dog categories, but in hunting dogs they occurred at the highest rate (45.1 %). Faecal samples of dogs from rural ecosystems showed 66.0 % prevalence of intestinal helminths. Presence of Toxocara spp. eggs was found in 25.0 % of sand samples.
Trematodes from Red Sea fishes: Prosteganoderma brayi gen. nov., sp. nov. (Zoogonidae Odhner, 1902) and Forticulcita mugilis sp. nov. (Haploporidae Nicoll, 1914)
Authors: Hassanine Read 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
Specimens of the fishes Scarus ghobban Forsskål (Scaridae) and Crenimugil crenilabis Forsskål (Mugilidae) were caught in the Red Sea off the coast of Sharm El-Sheikh, South Sinai, Egypt. Ten (20 %) and 15 (50 %) of these fishes, respectively, were found to harbour intestinal trematodes. Scarus ghobban was parasitised by Prosteganoderma brayi gen. nov., sp. nov. (Zoogonidae) and C. crenilabis by Forticulcita mugilis sp. nov. (Haploporidae). Prosteganoderma gen. nov. is similar to Steganoderma Stafford, 1904, but clearly differs from it and from all the other genera of the subfamily Lepidophyllinae Stossich, 1903 in having a large ventral sucker surrounded by a large prominent fleshy fold of the body wall and a pre-testicular uterus. Forticulcita mugilis sp. nov. is similar to F. glabra Overstreet, 1982, the type and the only species of the genus, but clearly differs in having a larger body size, a longer forebody, an intestinal bifurcation in the middle of the body, subequal gonads, Laurer’s canal opening dorsally at a considerable distance posterior to the testis and a much larger egg size.
Species richness, diversity and specificity of the parasites of bream Abramis brama (L.) and perch Perca fluviatilis L. in the estuary of the Odra River, Poland
Authors: Sobecka E. , Słomińska M. 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
The parasitological studies were carried out on bream and perch from brackish water of Pomeranian Bay and the Szczecin Lagoon — a mouth of the Odra River. Bream and perch hosted 21 and 13 parasitic species, respectively. The species richness and diversity of parasites were much higher for bream and the abundance of parasites in bream was nearly four-fold higher than that in perch. Faunistic similarity of both parasite communities was low. The dominant group of parasites in both fish hosts was digeneans. Five species were specialists of bream, while only one species was a perch specialist. Five new host records have been reported in Poland for the following species: Myxobolus dispar, Hysterothylacium aduncum, Khawia sinensis, Echinorhynchus gadi and Pomphorhynchus laevis.
Helminth parasites of digestive tract of some teleost fish caught in the Dardanelles at Çanakkale, Turkey
Authors: Keser R. , Bray R. , Oguz M. , Çelen S. , Erdoğan S. , Doğuturk S. , Aklanoğlu G. , Marti B. 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
In this study the following parasites were found in fishes from the Dardanelles at Çanakkale: Cestoda: Bothriocephalus scorpii, Grillotia sp. and Scolex pleuronectis in Solea solea; Digenea: Ectenurus lepidus, Prodistomum polonii and Monascus filiformis in Trachurus trachurus, Hemiuridae metacercaria in S. solea, Lecithocladium excisum in Scomber scombrus, Lecithostaphylus retroflexus in Belone belone, Opechona bacillaris in Pomatomus saltatrix and S. scombrus and Schikhobalotrema sparisomae in Liza saliens; Nematoda: Hysterothylacium aduncum in T. trachurus, S. solea, Sparus aurata, P. saltatrix, L. saliens and Engraulis encrasicolus and Anisakis simplex in S. scombrus; Acanthocephala: Neoechinorynchus agilıs in L. saliens. No parasites were recovered from Sardinella aurita. Most of these species are well known in both the Mediterranean and Black Seas, but the Dardanelles appears to be the limit of the range of Anisakıs simplex.
Physical Activity and Incident Obesity Across the Spectrum of Genetic Risk for Obesity
Authors: Brittain Evan L. , Han Lide , Annis Jeffrey , Master Hiral , Hughes Andrew , Roden Dan M. , Harris Paul A. , Ruderfer Douglas M. 
Published: March 2024

ImportanceDespite consistent public health recommendations, obesity rates in the US continue to increase. Physical activity recommendations do not account for individual genetic variability, increasing risk of obesity.ObjectiveTo use activity, clinical, and genetic data from the All of Us Research Program (AoURP) to explore the association of genetic risk of higher body mass index (BMI) with the level of physical activity needed to reduce incident obesity.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsIn this US population–based retrospective cohort study, participants were enrolled in the AoURP between May 1, 2018, and July 1, 2022. Enrollees in the AoURP who were of European ancestry, owned a personal activity tracking device, and did not have obesity up to 6 months into activity tracking were included in the analysis.ExposurePhysical activity expressed as daily step counts and a polygenic risk score (PRS) for BMI, calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared.Main Outcome and MeasuresIncident obesity (BMI ≥30).ResultsA total of 3124 participants met inclusion criteria. Among 3051 participants with available data, 2216 (73%) were women, and the median age was 52.7 (IQR, 36.4-62.8) years. The total cohort of 3124 participants walked a median of 8326 (IQR, 6499-10 389) steps/d over a median of 5.4 (IQR, 3.4-7.0) years of personal activity tracking. The incidence of obesity over the study period increased from 13% (101 of 781) to 43% (335 of 781) in the lowest and highest PRS quartiles, respectively (P = 1.0 × 10−20). The BMI PRS demonstrated an 81% increase in obesity risk (P = 3.57 × 10−20) while mean step count demonstrated a 43% reduction (P = 5.30 × 10−12) when comparing the 75th and 25th percentiles, respectively. Individuals with a PRS in the 75th percentile would need to walk a mean of 2280 (95% CI, 1680-3310) more steps per day (11 020 total) than those at the 50th percentile to have a comparable risk of obesity. To have a comparable risk of obesity to individuals at the 25th percentile of PRS, those at the 75th percentile with a baseline BMI of 22 would need to walk an additional 3460 steps/d; with a baseline BMI of 24, an additional 4430 steps/d; with a baseline BMI of 26, an additional 5380 steps/d; and with a baseline BMI of 28, an additional 6350 steps/d.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cohort study, the association between daily step count and obesity risk across genetic background and baseline BMI were quantified. Population-based recommendations may underestimate physical activity needed to prevent obesity among those at high genetic risk.