bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical effectiveness, cost-effectiveness and process evaluation of group schema therapy for eating disorders: study protocol for a multicenter randomized controlled trial
Authors: Mares Suzanne H. W. , Roelofs Jeffrey , Zinzen Janôt , Béatse Manouk , Elgersma Hermien J. , Drost Ruben M. W. A. , Evers Silvia M. A. A. , Elburg Annemarie A. van 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
Eating disorders (EDs), such as (atypical) Anorexia (AN) and Bulimia Nervosa (BN), are difficult to treat, causing socioeconomic impediments. Although enhanced cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT-E) is widely considered clinically effective, it may not be the most beneficial treatment for (atypical) AN and BN patients who do not show a rapid response after the first 4 weeks (8 sessions) of a CBT-E treatment. Alternatively, group schema therapy (GST) may be a valuable treatment for this ED population. Even though GST for EDs has yielded promising preliminary findings, the current body of evidence requires expansion. On top of that, data on cost-effectiveness is lacking. In light of these gaps, we aim to describe a protocol to examine whether GST is more (1) clinically effective and (2) cost-effective than CBT-E for (atypical) AN and BN patients, who do not show a rapid response after the first 4 weeks of treatment. Additionally, we will conduct (3) process evaluations for both treatments.

Methods
Using a multicenter RCT design, 232 Dutch (atypical) AN and BN patients with a CBT-E referral will be recruited from five treatment centers. Clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness will be measured before treatment, directly after treatment, at 6 and at 12 months follow-up. In order to rate process evaluation, patient experiences and the degree to which treatments are implemented according to protocol will be measured. In order to assess the quality of life and the achievement of personalized goals, interviews will be conducted at the end of treatment. Data will be analyzed, using a regression-based approach to mixed modelling, multivariate sensitivity analyses and coding trees for qualitative data. We hypothesize GST to be superior to CBT-E in terms of clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness for patients who do not show a rapid response to the first 4 weeks of a CBT-E treatment.

Discussion
To our knowledge, this is the first study protocol describing a multicenter RCT to explore the three aforementioned objectives. Related risks in performing the study protocol have been outlined. The expected findings may serve as a guide for healthcare stakeholders to optimize ED care trajectories.

Trial registration
clinicaltrials.gov (NCT05812950).
Experiential avoidance in participants with borderline personality disorder and other personality disorders
Authors: Gecha Tess C. , Glass Isabel V. , Frankenburg Frances R. , Sharp Carla , Zanarini Mary C. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
The present study has descriptive and predictive aims. The descriptive aims were to determine if participants with borderline personality disorder (BPD) reported higher levels of experiential avoidance (EA) than participants with other personality disorders (OPD) as well as determine if non-recovered participants with BPD reported higher levels of EA than participants with BPD who have recovered symptomatically and psychosocially. The predictive aim was to determine if the level of EA reported by participants with BPD was predicted by the severity of aspects of childhood or adult adversity and/or aspects of temperament.

Methods
The Overall Anxiety Severity and Impairment Scale (OASIS) was administered to 248 participants at 24-year follow-up in the McLean Study of Adult Development (MSAD). Adversity and temperament were assessed during index admission using interviews (Revised Childhood Experience Questionnaire [CEQ-R], Adult History Interview [AHI], and the NEO-FFI self-report measure).

Results
Participants with BPD reported significantly higher levels of EA than those with OPD. Within the BPD group, non-recovered participants reported significantly higher levels of EA than recovered participants. Severity of childhood sexual abuse and lower levels of extraversion were found to be significant multivariate predictors of levels of EA in those with BPD.

Conclusions
Taken together, these results suggest that EA is a serious problem for participants with BPD, particularly those who have not recovered. They also suggest that both the severity of childhood adversity and a temperament marked by lower levels of extroversion are significantly related to levels of EA reported by participants with BPD.
Investigating antiviral activities of iodine-conjugated organic agents against major viruses infecting pepper in Korea
Authors: Choi Hoseong , Jang Suyeon , Jung Minhue , Kwon Sun-Jung , Kim Hee Kyong , Kang Hyoung-Gon , Lee Daehong , Kim Kook-Hyung 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
Plant viruses cause economic losses by reducing the quantity and quality of major crops. This issue is a growing concern due to the expansion of global trade and climate change. In addition, the emergence of new pathogen strains increases the difficulty of controlling viral diseases. Effective management strategies are therefore needed. The control strategy for viral diseases relies primarily on non-chemical and cultural practices, as no commercial viricides are currently available. Some compounds have been identified as effective against certain viruses, but their use in the field is limited due to issues such as concentration, toxicity, and efficacy. Therefore, it is imperative to discover novel antiviral agents that address the existing challenges associated with the identified antiviral candidate compounds.

Results
In this study, we evaluated iodine-conjugated organic compounds mixed with sialic acid, whey, and blood meal for virus disease management against seven viruses that cause significant yield losses and economic damage to plants. The candidate compounds reduced virus accumulation and symptom development. Treatment with candidate compounds, A4 and A5, reduced viral RNA accumulation to about half that of those in the control group and showed reduced symptoms along with healthier growth. In addition, we performed transcriptome analysis of treatment with two viruses, which suggested that the mechanism of viral RNA replication inhibition might relate to plant defense systems based on phytohormone pathways.

Conclusions
This study demonstrated that treatments with naturally derived materials, such as iodine, nitrogen, and sialic acid-conjugated organic substances, may directly or indirectly impact the host plant's resistance to various virus infections. Moreover, our findings suggest that these natural candidate materials could be utilized for managing virus diseases in the field.

Graphical Abstract
Examining the role of firearm involvement in repeat intimate partner violence assaults
Authors: Hans Zainab , Cooper Chiara E. , Zeoli April M. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
Intimate partner violence (IPV) remains a pervasive and complex issue with significant social and public health implications. The nexus of firearms and intimate partner violence (IPV) is an especially dangerous one. However, little is known about how firearm involvement can influence the risk of repeat IPV assaults.

Methods
We use data from 346 male perpetrated IPV incidents reported to the Detroit Police Department between December 2016 and April 2017 to examine the role of firearm involvement in IPV recidivism during a 5 and half year follow up period. Employing a conditional gap-time frailty model that accommodates heterogeneity among individuals through a frailty term, we analyze time to multiple IPV assaults that occur over the follow up period. We identify various pathways through which firearms impact the likelihood of subsequent IPV incidents, including intimidation, threats, and use of firearms, while controlling for observable perpetrator characteristics to understand the explicit roles of firearms.

Results
Firearm involvement at the index assault was not associated with IPV recidivism. However, involvement of firearms in past IPV assaults significantly increased the risk of subsequent physical IPV. The discrepancy is likely arising from a high degree of censoring among individuals who were armed with a firearm during the index assault.

Conclusion
Our research reveals a nuanced relationship between firearm involvement and IPV recidivism, shedding light on the multifaceted dynamics at play. By elucidating the intricate dynamics at the intersection of firearms and intimate partner violence, our study underscores the need for targeted policy interventions and preventative measures aimed at reducing IPV recidivism.
Amide proton transfer-weighted imaging and stretch-exponential model DWI based 18F-FDG PET/MRI for differentiation of benign and malignant solitary pulmonary lesions
Authors: Meng Nan , Song Chen , Sun Jing , Liu Xue , Shen Lei , Zhou Yihang , Dai Bo , Yu Xuan , Wu Yaping , Yuan Jianmin , Yang Yang , Wang Zhe , Wang Meiyun 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Objectives
To differentiate benign and malignant solitary pulmonary lesions (SPLs) by amide proton transfer-weighted imaging (APTWI), mono-exponential model DWI (MEM-DWI), stretched exponential model DWI (SEM-DWI), and 18F-FDG PET-derived parameters.

Methods
A total of 120 SPLs patients underwent chest 18F-FDG PET/MRI were enrolled, including 84 in the training set (28 benign and 56 malignant) and 36 in the test set (13 benign and 23 malignant). MTRasym(3.5 ppm), ADC, DDC, α, SUVmax, MTV, and TLG were compared. The area under receiver-operator characteristic curve (AUC) was used to assess diagnostic efficacy. The Logistic regression analysis was used to identify independent predictors and establish prediction model.

Results
SUVmax, MTV, TLG, α, and MTRasym(3.5 ppm) values were significantly lower and ADC, DDC values were significantly higher in benign SPLs than malignant SPLs (all P < 0.01). SUVmax, ADC, and MTRasym(3.5 ppm) were independent predictors. Within the training set, the prediction model based on these independent predictors demonstrated optimal diagnostic efficacy (AUC, 0.976; sensitivity, 94.64%; specificity, 92.86%), surpassing any single parameter with statistical significance. Similarly, within the test set, the prediction model exhibited optimal diagnostic efficacy. The calibration curves and DCA revealed that the prediction model not only had good consistency but was also able to provide a significant benefit to the related patients, both in the training and test sets.

Conclusion
The SUVmax, ADC, and MTRasym(3.5 ppm) were independent predictors for differentiation of benign and malignant SPLs, and the prediction model based on them had an optimal diagnostic efficacy.
Evaluation of a new dynamic real-time visualization 25 kHz swept-source optical coherence tomography based biometer
Authors: Yu Jinjin , Lin Xuanqiao , Huang Xiaomin , Xu Zhenyu , Ning Rui , Li Kexin , Savini Giacomo , Schiano-Lomoriello Domenico , Zhou Xingtao , Huang Jinhai 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
To evaluate the intraobserver repeatability and interobserver reproducibility of a newly developed dynamic real-time visualization 25 kHz swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) based biometer (ZW-30, TowardPi Medical Technology Ltd, China) and compare its agreement with another SS-OCT based biometer (IOLMaster 700, Carl Zeiss Meditec AG, Jena, Germany).

Methods
Eighty-two healthy right eyes were enrolled in this prospective observational study. Measurements were repeated for three times using the ZW-30 and IOLMaster 700 in a random order. Obtained parameters included axial length (AL), central corneal thickness (CCT), aqueous depth (AQD), anterior chamber depth (ACD), lens thickness (LT), mean keratometry (Km), astigmatism magnitude (AST), vector J0, vector J45, and corneal diameter (CD). The within-subject standard deviation (Sw), test–retest (TRT) variability, coefficient of variation (CoV), and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were adopted to assess the intraobserver repeatability and interobserver reproducibility. The double-angle plot was also used to display the distribution of AST. To estimate agreement, Bland–Altman plots were used.

Results
For the intraobserver repeatability and interobserver reproducibility, the Sw, TRT and CoV for all parameters were low. Meanwhile, the ICC values were all close to 1.000, except for the J45 (ICC = 0.887 for the intraobserver repeatability). The double-angle plot showed that the distribution of AST measured by these two devices was similar. For agreement, the Bland–Altman plots showed narrow 95% limits of agreements (LoAs) for AL, CCT, AQD, ACD, LT, Km AST, J0, J45, and CD (− 0.02 mm to 0.02 mm, − 7.49 μm to 8.08 μm, − 0.07 mm to 0.04 mm, − 0.07 mm to 0.04 mm, − 0.07 mm to 0.08 mm, − 0.16 D to 0.30 D, − 0.30 D to 0.29 D, − 0.16 D to 0.16 D, − 0.23 D to 0.13 D, and − 0.39 mm to 0.10 mm, respectively).

Conclusions
The newly dynamic real-time visualization biometer exhibited excellent intraobserver repeatability and interobserver reproducibility. The two devices both based on the SS-OCT principle had similar ocular parameters measurement values and can be interchanged in clinical practice.
Evaluation of a joint workshop on study design for hospital and community pharmacists: a retrospective cross-sectional survey
Authors: Asai Yuki , Takai Yasushi , Murasaka Toshiki , Miyake Tomohiro , Nakamura Tomohisa , Morikawa Yoshihiko , Nakagawa Yuji , Kanayama Tatsuya , Abe Yasuharu , Masuda Naoki , Takamura Yasushi , Miki Yoshihiro , Iwamoto Takuya 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
Although pharmacists often identify numerous clinical questions, they face several barriers, including the lack of mentors for research activities in clinical settings. Therefore, a workshop for the appropriate selection of a study design, which is a fundamental first step, may be necessary. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a workshop on study design for hospital and community pharmacists. Moreover, the characteristics of pharmacists with little involvement in research activities were extracted using decision-tree analysis to guide the design of future workshops.

Methods
A workshop was conducted on October 1, 2023. It comprised three parts: lectures, group work, and presentations. Questionnaire-based surveys were conducted with workshop participants regarding their basic information, their background that influenced research activities, their satisfaction, and their knowledge/awareness. For the questions on knowledge/awareness, the same responses were requested before and after the workshop using a five-scale scoring system. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify independent factors influencing research activities. Decision tree analysis was performed to extract low-effort characteristics of the research activities.

Results
Of the 40 workshop attendees, the overall satisfaction score for the workshop was 4.38 of 5, and the score for each question was 4 or higher. Significant increases were observed in the scores of knowledge/awareness after the workshop. Moreover, 95% of the pharmacists answered that it would be highly useful to conduct a joint workshop between hospitals and community pharmacists. Although independent influencing factors were not detected in the multivariate logistic regression analysis, the decision tree analysis revealed that pharmacists who were no member of an academic society (85%, 11/13) or members without any certifications or accreditations related to pharmacy practice (80%, 4/5) were the least active in clinical research. In contrast, those belonging to academic societies and holding certifications or accreditations related to pharmacy practice frequently conducted clinical research.

Conclusion
The present study revealed that a joint workshop on study design may have the potential to change pharmacists’ knowledge and awareness of research activities. Moreover, future workshops should be conducted with pharmacists who do not belong to academic societies.
Dietary mineral intakes predict Coronavirus-disease 2019 (COVID-19) incidence and hospitalization in older adults
Authors: Seifi Najmeh , Bahari Hossein , Ghiasi Hafezi Somayeh , Ghotbani Farzaneh , Afzalinia AhmadReza , Ferns Gordon A. , Farkhani Ehsan Mosa , Ghayour-mobarhan Majid 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
The aim of this study was to determine the association between dietary mineral intake and Coronavirus-disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection and its associated hospitalization.

Methods
This cohort study utilized the MASHAD study population, which comprised individuals aged 35–65. Upon recruitment in 2007, dietary intake was documented using a validated 65-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Data on COVID-19 PCR test results was collected from all relevant medical centers in Mashhad between February 2020 and June 2022. The regression model included dietary minerals and employed the backward variable selection method, along with advanced data analysis techniques.

Results
The final analysis involved 1957 participants, including 193 COVID-19-positive patients. The mean age was 49.71 and 50.28 years in the COVID-19-positive and negative groups, respectively (p = 0.12). Dietary intakes of magnesium, iron, and potassium were notably lower in COVID-19-positive patients (P < 0.05). Following adjustments for age and sex, dietary iron remained significantly associated with COVID-19 incidence (OR = 0.94, 95% CI: 0.90–0.98). Furthermore, a statistically significant relationship was observed between dietary zinc and hospitalization due to COVID-19 (OR = 0.69, 95% CI: 0.51–0.93). In dynamical system models, intakes of calcium, zinc, and iron below the cut-offs of 1138, 9.7, and 8.17 mg/day, respectively, were linked to an increased risk of COVID-19 incidence.

Conclusion
Higher dietary iron and zinc intake are associated with decreased risk of COVID-19 infection and hospitalization, respectively.
Body mass index as a dominant risk factor for metabolic syndrome among indonesian adults: a 6-year prospective cohort study of non-communicable diseases
Authors: Rahmawati Nurul Dina , Andriani Helen , Wirawan Fadila , Farsia Latifah , Waits Alexander , Karim Taufiqurahman Khobir Abdul 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs), notably cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus, are largely driven by metabolic syndrome (MetS), a cluster of critical risk factors. Despite extensive research, the progression of MetS, especially in Indonesia, has received limited attention. This research tracks adult MetS risk dynamics in a populous Bogor District cohort, providing crucial insights into its evolving nature.

Methods
This prospective open cohort study analysed secondary data from the Special Research - Cohort Study of Non-Communicable Diseases by the Ministry of Health, Republic of Indonesia from 2011 to 2018. The final sample was 1,376 Indonesian adult participants, all residents of Bogor District. MetS outcome, dietary assessment, physical activity, and biomarkers were analysed every two consecutive years.

Results
The risk of overweight and obese participants developing MetS was 2.4 and 4.4 times higher, respectively (95% CI: 1.176–3.320 and 3.345–5.740) than those with body mass index (BMI) in the normal range. Participants who reported less intentional physical exercise had a MetS risk 1.5 times higher (95% CI: 1.034–2.109) than those with more intentional physical exercise. The role of diet is also significant, evidenced by a 30% reduction in MetS risk for people with fat intakes in the 2nd quartile compared to the 1st quartile (95% CI: 0.505–0.972). Meanwhile, a carbohydrate intake in the 2nd quartile increased the risk of MetS 1.5 times (95% CI: 1.063–2.241) in comparison with the 1st quartile.

Conclusions
Notably, participants with underweight BMI exhibited the highest cumulative survival of MetS, while those with obese BMI recorded the lowest cumulative survival. There is an urgent need for strategic interventions to enhance the existing early detection and NCD monitoring program. This involves a targeted focus on promoting a community-based healthy lifestyle in the Bogor District. The study emphasizes the importance of tailored public health measures to address specific risk factors identified in the local context, aiming to mitigate the prevalence and impact of MetS in the population.
The modulation effect of green tea and pumpkin oils on hyperlipidemia, oxidative stress, and hematological abnormalities in an experimental multiple sclerosis rat model
Authors: Lamloum Nahed S. , Soliman Hanan A. , Ahmed Rasha Rashad , Ahmed Osama M. , Zaky Mohamed Y. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory condition that can impair the body’s physiological functions. Although many diseases have been successfully treated with herbal treatments for a long time, the majority of the herbs utilized have unclear mechanisms. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the modulation effects of green tea oil (GTO) and pumpkin oil (PO) on hyperlipidemia, oxidative stress, and hematological abnormalities in an experimental multiple sclerosis rat model.

Methods
Forty albino male Wistar rats (weighing 120–140 g) were divided into four groups of six each: group 1, the control group; group 2, the myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)-injected group; and groups 3 and 4, the MOG-injected groups treated with GTO and PO at 5 mg/kg b.w., respectively. At the end of the experiments, animals were anesthetized with diethyl ether inhalation, and blood samples were collected from the jugular vein. A Beckman Coulter was then used to determine the differential complete blood counts. The obtained serum was rapidly collected and stored at 20 °C to assess the lipid profile and oxidative stress and antioxidant biomarkers.

Results
Our findings showed that GTO and PO treatment produced a significant reduction in total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), and very low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (VLDL-C) levels. Furthermore, GTO and PO treatment alleviated the elevated cardiovascular risk indices 1 and 2. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) concentration significantly decreased and glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) levels significantly increased in rats injected with MOG and treated with GTO and PO. Furthermore, after GTO and PO treatment, the reduced red blood cells (RBCs) count, hemoglobin content (Hb%), lymphocyte percentage, and hematocrit (HCT) of MOG-injected rats increased, while the elevated white blood cells (WBCs), platelet, and neutrophil percentage substantially declined.

Conclusion
Collectively, our research revealed that GTO and PO may be capable of modulating hyperlipidemia, oxidative stress, and hematological abnormalities in the MS rat model.