bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Operational Sex Ratio and Alternative Reproductive Behaviours in Chinese Bushcricket, Gampsocleis gratiosa
Authors: Gao Yong , Kang Le 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThe effects of operational sex ratio (OSR) on male mating tactics in the Chinese bushcricket Gampsocleis gratiosa were investigated in male‐ and female‐biased environments. We measured fresh and dry spermatophore contents and copulation duration, and counted sperm numbers of each copulation. The fresh weight of spermatophore and spermatophylax was positively correlated with male body weight. The males in a strongly male‐biased environment produced significantly heavier fresh ampulla and more sperm per ejaculation, which were likely tactics for successful matings under the competition of rivals. The spermatophore might function as a structure to protect the fertilization potential of the ejaculate from rival males.
Disruption of Dear Enemy Recognition Among Neighboring Males by Female Leon Springs pupfish, Cyprinodon bovinus
Authors: Leiser John K. , Bryan Caroline M. , Itzkowitz Murray 
Published: February 2006

AbstractMales defending territories often settle into adjacent areas, sharing a common border that is maintained by a reduced level of aggression known as dear enemy recognition. While social conditions may affect the dear enemy relationship among males, what role females play, if any, is unclear. In a field study of the highly promiscuous Leon Springs pupfish, Cyprinodon bovinus, we asked whether females influenced this relationship of neighbors to their advantage. We observed 16 territorial residents, mapping the precise location of each male's behaviors within its territory. Resident males engaged in less aggression against neighbors compared with intruders, and neighbors intruded less deeply into the residents’ territories than intruders. Despite this locality restriction, neighbors were responsible for as many spawning interruptions as intruders. Females did not spawn randomly in the males’ territories, nor did they spawn near territory centers where aggression was low. Rather, females were more likely to settle and spawn in the outer half of the territories where competition among males was highest. When a neighbor entered a resident's territory to interrupt a spawn, the female was more likely to leave the resident's territory for the neighbor's than to remain. These observations suggest that the female used the intrusion by the neighbor to engage the resident and interrupt the spawn as a measure of this male's quality and that, while neighboring males benefit from the presence of dear enemy recognition, females benefit from its disruption.
Taxonomy ofPyramimonas obovataand other observations on the subgenusVestigiferaofPyramimonas(Prasinophyceae, Chlorophyta)
Authors: Sym Stuart D. , Pienaar Richard N. 
Published: February 2006

SUMMARYA vestigiferan species commonly referred to asPyramimonas obovataN. Carter has been redescribed asP. melkonianiisp, nov. Characters of this species and a further six (P. disomataButcher ex McFadden, Hill et Wetherbee,P. mantoniaeMoestrup et Hill,P. mitraMoestrup et Hill.P. moestrupiiMcFadden,P. aff. nephroideaMcFadden,P. orientalisButcher ex McFadden, Hill et Wetherbee) isolated from South African waters are used to define further the subgenusVestigiferaMcFadden. This includes a unique chloroplast shape and basal hyaline region with stellate or cruciform vacuoles, a transitional plate‐like structure in the flagellum, and a different microtubular root system. The proximal set of basal body connectives were found to be remarkably symmetrical and like those of the subgenusTrichocystisMcFadden, and a duct fibre was found associated with the Id root in all currently investigated species. The validity of the larger body (box and crown) scales as taxonomic markers at a fine level is also questioned.
An immunofluorescence study on lectin binding sites in gametes of Ectocarpus siliculosus (Ectocarpales, Phaeophyceae)
Authors: Maier Ingo , Schmid Christine E. 
Published: February 2006

SUMMARYThe distribution of binding sites for the lectins WGA, DSA. RCA I, PNA, AAA, MAA. SNA, GNA. and Con A in gametes of both sexes of the brown alga, Ectocarpus siliculosus (Dillw.) Lyngbye, was investigated by fluorescence microscopy. Digoxigenin‐conjugated lectins and an FITC‐anti‐digoxigenin antibody were used as a high sensitivity detection system. Organelles and other distinct cellular domains could be distinguished by their binding specificities. Glycoconjugates associated with one flagellum were found to be associated with the axoneme by lectin binding to isolated flagellar apparatuses. In addition, changes in the distribution of carbohydrate epitopes during the attachment of gametes to the substratum were revealed by differential lectin binding.
A morphological study and hybridization analysis of Caloglossa leprieurii (Ceramiales, Rhodophyta) from Japan, Singapore and Australia
Authors: Kamiya Mitsunobu , Tanaka Jiro , Hara Yoshiaki 
Published: February 2006

SUMMARYMorphological and hybridization experiments were performed on Caloglossa leprieurii (Montagne) J. Agardh collected from Japan, Singapore and Australia in order to evaluate taxonomic characters of this species. Within C. leprieurii at least four mating groups were recognized from the Indo‐Pacific region. These mating groups could be characterized by the blade width at the inter‐node and the cell‐row numbers on the opposite side derived from the first axial cell at the main axis, though these properties showed a certain variability even in the same plant under both field and culture conditions. The phylogenetic relationship and geographic distribution of the four mating groups are discussed.
Amphidiniella sedentaria gen. et sp. nov. (Dinophyceae), a new sand‐dwelling dinoflagellate from Japan
Authors: Horiguchi Takeo 
Published: February 2006

SUMMARYA new sand‐dwelling dinoflagellate is described from Sesoko Beach, Okinawa Island, subtropical Japan and its micromorphology is studied by means of light and electron microscopy. The cell consists of a small epitheca and a large hypothecs superficially resembling members of the unarmored genus Amphidinium. The cell is dorso‐ventrally flattened and possesses a single chloroplast with a large conspicuous pyrenoid. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that the dinoflagellate possesses typical dinoflagellate cellular organization. Scanning electron microscopy demonstrated that the organism is thecate and the thecal plate arrangement is Po, 4′, 1a, 7″, 5c, 4s, 6″′, 2″″. Most of the characteristics suggest gonyaulacalean affinity of the new species. These are the presence of ventral pore, lack of canal plate, direct contact between the sulcal anterior plate and the flagellar pore, possession of six postcingular plates and asymmetrical arrangement of the antapical plates. Affinity to existing families of the order Gonyaulacales has not been determined. Based on the unique cell shape, thecal plate arrangement and the presence of ventral pore, a new genus, Amphidiniella, is established for this organism and the species is named A. sedentaria Horiguchi gen. et sp. nov.
Growth pattern of isolated zoospores in Hydrodictyon reticulatum (Chlorococcales, Chlorophyceae)
Authors: Hatano Kyoko , Maruyama Keizo 
Published: February 2006

SUMMARYZoospores at various developmental stages in Hydrodictyon reticulatum were isolated from parent cells and cultured in Waris medium. Isolated zoospores grew to mature vegetative cells, and were able to reproduce zoo‐spores that formed daughter hexagonal nets. Three types of shape appeared in cells 24 h after isolation: cylindrical, Y‐shaped and 4‐armed type. Protrusions of Y‐shaped or 4‐armed cells were formed at an angle of about 120° to the long axis of the cell. When cells were isolated at later stages, more cells became cylindrical in shape and fewer ceils became Y‐shaped or 4‐armed, Direction of cell growth also seemed to depend largely on the developmental stages of the zoospores. The later the isolated stages were, the more the cells elongated along the long axis of the zoospores.
Cryopreservation of a water‐bloom forming cyanobacterium, Microcystis aeruginosa f. aeruginosa
Authors: Watanabe Makoto M. , Sawaguchi Tomohiro 
Published: February 2006

SUMMARYA method for the Cryopreservation of Microcystis aeruginosa f. aeruginosa is described. For the five strains tested, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) (3% v/v) was the only effective cryoprotectant for freezing to, and thawing from ‐196°C and allowed the successful recovery (>50%) of all the strains. The viability of frozen material was independent of the period of storage in liquid nitrogen. The strain NIES‐44 (National Institute for Environmental Studies) had a recovery level of greater than 90% at 3–10% (v/v) DMSO in both two step and rapid cooling methods. The other three strains, NIES‐87, 88 and 89 had greater than 60% of viability after freeze/thawing in presence of both 3% and 5% DMSO concentrations. On the other hand, the strain NIES‐90 showed approximately 50% of viability in only 3% DMSO solution after two step cooling to and thawing from ‐196°C. This strain was damaged by greater than 4% DMSO and by rapid cooling to ‐196°C. It was found that cold shock injury and the cytotoxicity of DMSO were different at a strain level.
Egg release and germling development in Sargassum horneri (Fucales, Phaeophyceae)
Authors: Nanba Nobuyoshi 
Published: February 2006

SUMMARYThe mature female conceptacle of Sargassum horneri (Turner) C. Agardh has an ostiole filled with a gelatinous plug. The oogonium in the conceptacle has cell walls that can be differentiated into a dense outer and a less dense inner microfibrillar layer. Just prior to egg release, stalk material is produced inside the outer layer and the inner layer disappears. At this stage the gelatinous plug is extruded and mucilage is released through the ostiole. The released eggs are retained on the receptacle by the stalk and are surrounded by a large amount of the mucilage. Three‐celled germlings form a primary wall with a polylamellated structure of microfibril layers. In multicellular germlings that have differentiated into thallus and rhizoids, the peripheral thallus cells have an outer cell wall consisting of a microfibril layer under the primary wall, while the cell wall of the rhizoid tip has an amorphous structure. The germlings are released from the stalk and become attached to the substratum by an adhesive substance secreted from rhizoidal cells.
Cyclotella orientalis sp. nov. (Bacillariophyceae) from South Korea
Authors: Lee Jung Ho , Chung Jun , Gotoh Toshikazu 
Published: February 2006

SUMMARY Cyclotella ortentalis sp. nov, is described from an epilithic sample taken in Lake Imha, located in Kyungsangbuk‐do. South Korea. The species is characterized by a conspicuous and short costa regularly extending from each marginal fultoportula to the valve margin. It can be included in the Cyclotella stelligeroid group. The new species can be separated from the most similar species C. stelligera Cleve et Grunov var. stelligera by the more distant position of marginal fultoportulae from the valve margin, the external long tubes of fultoportulae and having short costae. It differs from C. stelligera var. robusta Must, and var. hyalina Hust., in having much denser marginal striae; from C. glomerata H. Bachm., C. pseudostelligera Hust., C. stelligeroides Must, and C. woltereckii Hust., in its much larger valve, coarser marginal striae and short costae with fultoportulae.
Lithophyllum cuneatum sp. nov. (Corallinaceae, Rhodophyta), a new species of non‐geniculate coralline alga semi‐endophytic in Hydrolithon onkodes and Neogoniolithon sp. from Fiji, South Pacific
Authors: Keats Derek W. 
Published: February 2006

SUMMARYA new species of semi‐endophytic coralline alga, Lithophyllum cuneatum (Corallinaceae: Lithophylloideae), is described from Fiji. The species is characterized by a wedge‐like thallus that is partially buried in the thallus of the host coralline, Hydrolithon onkodes (Heydrich) Penrose et Woelkerling or occasionally Neogoniolithon sp., and that appears at the surface of the host as a small pustule that is usually paler in color than the host. The thallus consists of erect filaments that are derived from a single cell. The basal cell, when visible, is non‐palisade, and areas of bistratose margin are absent. Cells of contiguous erect filaments are joined by secondary pit connections. Epithallial cells are present in 2–3 layers, and individual trichocytes are common. Gametangial plants are dioecious. Male conceptacles have simple spermatangial systems that are confined to the floors of their elliptical chambers. Carposporangial conceptacles contain 5–8 celled gonimoblast filaments that are borne at the margin of a more‐or‐less discoid fusion cell, and so occupy the periphery of the elliptical conceptacle chambers. Tetrasporangial conceptacles are uniporate, with roofs formed from peripheral filaments, and chambers lack a central columella of sterile filaments. Despite its semi‐endophytic nature, haustorial cells are absent, and plastids and pigmentation are present.
Ferredoxin isoforms from Chlorella vulgaris (Chlorococcales, Chlorophyceae): Molecular characterization and participation in ferredoxin‐dependent enzymes
Authors: Kanno Toshihiro , Nakayama Hidenori , Shinpo Kunihiro , Masada Masahiro , Tamura Goro 
Published: February 2006

SUMMARYUsing hydrophobic chromatography, Chlorella ferredoxin was separated into three components (Fd I, Fd II and Fd III) in ratios of approximately 3:13:1. The three components differed in isoelectric point, peptide mapping, amino acid composition and N‐terminal sequence. Fd II and Fd III were found to support fairly high rates of cytochrome c reduction by spinach FNR, while Fd I could not support this reaction at all. The highest value of the specificity constant (kcat/Km for NiR was demonstrated for Fd II‐dependent activity; however, the lowest value of kcat/Km for NiR was obtained using Fd II.
Taxonomic value of a betaine lipid in Ectocarpus (Phaeophyceae) and the first record of a sexual population of E. fasciculatus for the Pacific Ocean
Authors: Müller Dieter G. 
Published: February 2006

SUMMARYThe betaine lipid DGTA differentiates between two species of Ectocarpus: it is present in E. fasciculatus Harvey, and lacking in E. siliculosus (Dillwyn) Lyngbye, Two ectocarpoid isolates from the coast of Chile, which could not be identified to species level, were found to belong to opposite DGTA types. Culture experiments showed that these plants were sporophytes. Their meiospores produced gametophytes of the species predicted by the lipid analysis. Promoted by this new approach, a sexual population of Ectocarpus fasciculatus has been detected for the first time in the Pacific Ocean.
Laminarionema elsbetiae gen. et sp. nov. (Ectocarpales, Phaeophyceae), a new endophyte in Laminaria sporophytes
Authors: Kawai Hiroshi , Tokuyama Masashi 
Published: February 2006

SUMMARYLaminarionema elsbetiae gen. et sp, nov, (Ectocarpaceae, Ectocarpales. Phaeophyceae), a new endophyte of Laminaria japonica Areschoug (Laminariales, Phaeophyceae), is described from Muroran. Hokkaido, Japan. Laminarionema elsbetiae grows in the host tissues forming networks in the epidermal and subcortical layers as well as penetrating into the cortical and medullary layers. Only phaeophycean hairs emerge from the surface of the host tissue. No reproductive cells were found in field material. However, under host‐free culture the species formed three morphologically different reproductive structures. Macrosporangia containing a single large motile spore were formed under long and short day conditions below 20°C, transformed from vegetative cells, conical to elongated in shape, 50–75 μm in length and ca. 10 μm in diameter. Microsporangia were linear to lanceolate, sometimes branched, formed under long and short day conditions below 15°C. Unilocular sporangia were more or less irregular in shape, formed under short day conditions of 5–15°C, 60–75 μm in length and 40–45 μm in diameter. Sexual fusion between macro‐ and microspores was not seen. In mixed cultures of L. elsbetiae with young sporophytes of L Japonica Areschoug as well as Saccorhiza dermatodea (de la Pylaie) J. Agardh, L elsbetiae infected both hosts, grew in the same manner as in natural hosts, and formed macrosporangia between host epidermal cells.
Phylogeny of genera of Prasinophyceae and Pedinophyceae (Chlorophyta) deduced from molecular analysis of the rbcL gene
Authors: Daugbjerg Niels , Moestrup Øjvind , Arctander Peter 
Published: February 2006

SUMMARYA molecular approach was used to study the phylogeny of 12 genera of Prasinophyceae and two genera of Pedinophyceae (Chlorophyta). The study was based on maximum likelihood and LogDet transformation analyses of a 1094‐basepair fragment of the large subunit of ribulose‐l,5‐bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rbcL), a chloroplast‐encoded gene. With the inclusion of homologous sequences from two cyanobacteria (Anabaena PCC 7120 and Anacystis nidulans (Richter) Drout et Daily) and a prochlorophyte(Prochlorothrix hollandica Burger‐Wiersma, Stal et Mur), the maximum likelihood reconstructions suggested that species referred to the family Mamiellaceae are secondarily reduced forms rather than the most ancestral eukaryotic green plants. The systematic position of Micromonas pusilla (Butcher) Manton et Parke based on morphology is ambiguous, but the rbcL‐based inferences indicated that it is related to the Mamiellaceae. In spite of being morphologically very different, Pycnococcus and Pseudoscourfieldia appear to be closely related, and it is suggested that Pseudoscourfieldia be included in the family Pycnococcaceae. The phylogenetic framework when based on first and second codon positions identifies the Mamiellaceae, Pycnococcaceae, Halosphaer‐aceae, and Mesostigmataceae as monophyletic families, whereas the Chlorodendraceae appears to be of polyphyletic origin. However, this branching pattern was not confirmed by bootstrap analyses. The analysts based on a LogDet transformation matrix also supported the close relationship among species belonging to the Mamiellaceae (including Micromonas pusiila) and that the pedinophytes form a separate group. The branching pattern among most of the prasinophyte genera was not resolved giving a tree topology similar to those obtained in the bootstrap analyses. A relative rate test showed that the rbcL gene in the Pedinophyceae has evolved at a slower speed relative to that in the Prasinophyceae.
Physiological responses of Caloglossa leprieurii (Ceramiales, Rhodophyta) to salinity stress
Authors: Mostaert Anika S. , Karsten Ulf , King Robert J. 
Published: February 2006

SUMMARYMarine, estuarine and freshwater isolates of Caloglossa leprieurii (Montagne) J. Agardh exhibit a high salinity tolerance, reflected by broad cell viability and growth rate. Osmotic adjustment is shown to rely to a large extent on ion‐transport systems, with K+ and Cl‐ accumulated in osmotically‐ significant quantities and active Na+ extrusion. The ion concentrations contribute a large proportion (67–94%) to internal osmotic pressure. The concentration of the organic osmolyte mannitol in all populations was strongly salinity dependent. Mannitol made a lower contribution to the internal osmotic pressure, when compared to ion concentrations, but nonetheless represented an important proportion of the internal osmolality. The response of the three isolates is discussed in relation to the salinity of their respective environments.
13C‐NMR spectroscopy as a tool to study organic osmolytes in the mangrove red algal genera Bostrychia and Stictosiphonia (Ceramiales)
Authors: Karsten Ulf , Bock Christian , West John A. 
Published: February 2006

SUMMARYField and culture samples of the red algal genera Bostrychia and Stictosiphonia from all around the world were analyzed for the polyols D‐sorbitol and dulcitol, that function as osmolytes, as well as for the heteroside digeneaside by using 13C‐NMR spectroscopy and HPLC. While all plants exhibited D‐sorbitol, the occurrence of dulcitol and digeneaside was highly variable. Therefore, different types of low molecular weight carbohydrate distribution patterns were found in Bostrychia and Stictosiphonia. The presence of D‐sorbitol seems to be a reliable chemosystematic character for both genera, because no other red alga is known to contain this compound. The lack of dulcitol may be correlated with the geographical origin of the Bostrychia and Stictosiphonia samples: while all tropical isolates exhibited both sugar alcohols, in cold‐temperate plants only D‐sorbitol was determined. In warm‐temperate species, however, both polyol distribution types may occur. These data are discussed in terms of possible temperature sensitivity of the dulcitol pathway. However, the biological function of digeneaside (the main photo‐assimilated compound in members of the order Ceramiales) is still obscure.
Taxonomic study of the genus Spongomorpha (Acrosiphoniales, Chlorophyta) in Japan. I. Spongomorpha spiralis*
Authors: Miyaji Kazuyuki 
Published: February 2006

SUMMARYThe morphology, life history, and the geographical distribution of Spongomorpha spiralis Sakai in Hokkaido, Japan, was studied. The thallus is characterized by its digitate tufts (bundles) of slender filaments with hooked branchlets. The diameter of the filaments is usually 20‐50 μm in the basal portion, 50‐130 (70‐110) μm in the middle portion of main axes, and 30‐150 μm in the upper portion. The diameter of the middle portion of the main axes varies from locality to locality. At Muroran, for example, the range is 70‐130 μm (average approximately 100 μm), while at other localities it is 50–100 μm (average approximately 70 μm). The diameter of filaments in the upper portion decreases toward the end of the growing season. The cells are multinucleate with four chromosomes in each nucleus of the haploid plant. The manner of cell division is identical to the process reported previously for the Spongomorpha‐Acrosiphonia complex. Sexual reproduction is isogamous with anteriorly biflagellate gametes. Plants are unisexual. The life history involves an alternation of heteromorphic generations: the gametophytic phase is a macroscopic, filamentous thallus and the sporophytic phase is a microscopic, ellipsoidal or club‐shaped cell. Optimal culture condition for growth and reproduction of both stages was 5°C and long daylength. The gametophyte developed abnormally at 15°C. The sporophyte developed normally at 15°C, but did not produce zoospores.