bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hypoxia Regulates Choline Kinase Expression through Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α Signaling in a Human Prostate Cancer Model
Authors: Glunde Kristine , Shah Tariq , Winnard Paul T. , Raman Venu , Takagi Tomoyo , Vesuna Farhad , Artemov Dmitri , Bhujwalla Zaver M. 
Published: January 2008

Abstract
The intensity of the total choline (tCho) signal in spectroscopic images of tumors is spatially heterogeneous. The likewise heterogeneous physiologic tumor microenvironment may contribute to this heterogeneity. We therefore investigated the relationship between hypoxia, choline metabolites, and choline kinase (Chk) in a human prostate cancer model. Human PC-3 prostate cancer cells were engineered to express enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) under hypoxic conditions. These PC-3-5HRE-EGFP cells were characterized in culture and as tumors transplanted in mice using 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and MRS imaging (MRSI) combined with EGFP fluorescence microscopy and imaging. Hypoxic EGFP-fluorescing tumor regions colocalized with regions of high tCho in combined MRSI and optical imaging studies. Cellular phosphocholine (PC) and tCho concentrations as well as Chk expression levels significantly increased following exposure of PC-3 cells to hypoxia. A putative promoter region located 5′ of the translation start site of the human chk-α gene was cloned and luciferase (Luc)-based reporter vector constructs were generated. Luc reporter assays provided evidence that some of the putative hypoxia response elements (HRE) within this putative chk-α promoter region functioned in vitro. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays using an antibody against hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α showed that HIF-1 can directly bind this region of the endogenous chk-α promoter in hypoxic PC-3-5HRE-EGFP cells. These data suggest that HIF-1 activation of HREs within the putative chk-α promoter region can increase Chk-α expression within hypoxic environments, consequently increasing cellular PC and tCho levels within these environments. [Cancer Res 2008;68(1):172–80]
Antitumor Effects of Systemically Delivered Adenovirus Harboring Trans-Splicing Ribozyme in Intrahepatic Colon Cancer Mouse Model
Authors: Jeong Jin-Sook , Lee Seong-Wook , Hong Seung-Hee , Lee Yoon-Jong , Jung Haeng-Im , Cho Kyung-Sook , Seo Hye-Hyun , Lee Sang-Jin , Park Sohee , Song Min-Sun , Kim Chang-Min , Kim In-Hoo 
Published: January 2008

Abstract
Purpose: Our previous studies suggested that human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) RNA-targeting trans-splicing ribozyme could be a useful tool for cancer gene therapy. Here, we investigated whether adenoviruses harboring this ribozyme can be systemically delivered to mice, and whether they selectively mark tumors expressing hTERT and sensitize them to ganciclovir treatments.
Experimental Design: We constructed adenoviral vectors containing modified hTERT-targeting trans-splicing ribozyme with downstream reporter gene (Ad-Ribo-LacZ) or suicide gene (Ad-Ribo-HSVtk) driven by a cytomegalovirus promoter. The tumor-specific trans-splicing reaction and the tumor-killing effect of adenoviruses harboring ribozyme were investigated both in vitro and in vivo using mice with intrahepatic colon cancer metastasis via systemic administration. The safety of systemic administration of the viruses was also evaluated.
Results: We showed that Ad-Ribo-LacZ, when injected i.v., performs a highly specific trans-splicing reaction on hTERT mRNA and that it selectively marks tumors expressing hTERT in mice. More importantly, i.v. injection of Ad-Ribo-HSVtk plus ganciclovir significantly reduced tumor burden, with minimal liver toxicity, in mice with metastatic liver cancer, compared with the untreated group (P = 0.0009). Moreover, animals receiving Ad-Ribo-HSVtk showed improved survival compared with controls (P &lt; 0.0001).
Conclusions: This study shows that systemically delivered adenovirus harboring trans-splicing ribozyme can recognize cancer-specific transcripts and reprogram them to combat the cancer cells. Use of trans-splicing ribozymes seems to be a potentially useful gene therapy for cancer.
Atlantic Major Hurricanes, 1995–2005—Characteristics Based on Best-Track, Aircraft, and IR Images
Authors: Zehr Raymond M. , Knaff John A. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThe Atlantic major hurricanes during the period of 1995–2005 are examined using best-track data, aircraft-based observations of central pressure, and infrared (IR) satellite images. There were 45 Atlantic major hurricanes (Saffir–Simpson category 3 or higher) during this 11-yr period, which is well above the long-term average. Descriptive statistics (e.g., average, variability, and range) of various characteristics are presented, including intensity, intensification rate, major hurricane duration, location, storm motion, size, and landfall observations. IR images are shown along with IR-derived quantities such as the digital Dvorak technique intensity and IR-defined cold cloud areas. In addition to the satellite intensity estimates, the associated component IR temperatures are documented. A pressure–wind relationship is evaluated, and the deviations of maximum intensity measurements from the pressure–wind relationship are discussed.The Atlantic major hurricane activity of the 1995–2005 period distinctly exceeds the long-term average; however, the average location where major hurricanes reach maximum intensity has not changed. The maximum intensity for each 1995–2005 Atlantic major hurricane is given both as the highest maximum surface wind (Vmax) and the lowest minimum sea level pressure (MSLP). Comparisons are made to other Atlantic major hurricanes with low MSLP back to 1950. Maximum 24-h intensification rates average 21.1 m s−1 day−1 and range up to 48.8 m s−1 day−1 in terms of Vmax. The largest 24-h MSLP decreases average 34.2 hPa and range from 15 to 97 hPa. Major hurricane duration averages 2.7 days with a maximum of 10 days. Hurricane size, as given by the average radius of gale force wind at maximum intensity, averages 250.8 km and has an extremely large range from 92.5 to 427.4 km.
Subpixel-Scale Rainfall Variability and the Effects on Separation of Radar and Gauge Rainfall Errors
Authors: Zhang Yu , Adams Thomas , Bonta James V. 
Published: January 2008

Abstract
This paper presents an extended error variance separation method (EEVS) that allows explicit partitioning of the variance of the errors in gauge- and radar-based representations of areal rainfall. The implementation of EEVS demonstrated in this study combines a kriging scheme for estimating areal rainfall from gauges with a sampling method for determining the correlation between the gauge- and radar-related errors. On the basis of this framework, this study examines scale- and pixel-dependent impacts of subpixel-scale rainfall variability on the perceived partitioning of error variance for four conterminous Hydrologic Rainfall Analysis Project (HRAP) pixels in central Ohio with data from Next-Generation Weather Radar (NEXRAD) stage III product and from 11 collocated rain gauges as input. Application of EEVS for 1998–2001 yields proportional contribution of two error terms for July and October for each HRAP pixel and for two fictitious domains containing the gauges (4 and 8 km in size). The results illustrate the importance of considering subpixel variation of spatial correlation and how it varies with the size of domain size, number of gauges, and the subpixel locations of gauges. Further comparisons of error variance separation (EVS) and EEVS across pixels results suggest that accounting for structured variations in the spatial correlation under 8 km might be necessary for more accurate delineation of domain-dependent partitioning of error variance, and especially so for the summer months.
Clinical referral patterns and cognitive profile in mild
cognitive impairment
Authors: Lonie Jane A. , Herrmann Lucie L. , Donaghey Claire L. , Ebmeier Klaus P. 
Published: January 2008

BackgroundThere is current interest in exploring the different subtypes of mild
cognitive impairment (MCI), in terms of both their epidemiology and their
cognitive profile.AimsTo examine the frequency of MCI subtypes presenting to a memory clinic
and to document detailed neuropsychological profiles of patients with the
amnestic subtype.MethodConsecutive tertiary referrals (n = 187) were
psychiatrically evaluated; 45 patients met criteria for amnestic mild
cognitive impairment (aMCI). A subgroup of 33 patients with aMCI as well
as 21 healthy controls took part in a thorough neuropsychological
examination.ResultsOf the patients who were examined in greater neuropsychological detail,
ten had pure aMCI (none with visual memory impairment only). Fifteen met
criteria for non-amnestic MCI. Fifteen had normal neuropsychological
profiles. Using more than one test increased sensitivity to detect
episodic memory impairment.ConclusionsAmnestic MCI is an important diagnosis in secondary and tertiary memory
clinics. There is scope to improve the efficacy and sensitivity of the
clinical assessment of this impairment.
Social Capital and Health Care Experiences Among Low-Income Individuals
Authors: Perry Megan , Williams Robert L. , Wallerstein Nina , Waitzkin Howard 
Published: January 2008

Objectives. We examined relationships between social capital and health service measures among low-income individuals and assessed the psychometric properties of a theory-based measure of social capital. Methods. We conducted a statewide telephone survey of 1216 low-income New Mexico residents. Respondents reported on barriers to health care access, use of health care services, satisfaction with care, and quality of provider communication and answered questions focusing on social capital. Results. The social capital measure demonstrated strong psychometric properties. Regression analyses showed that some but not all components of social capital were related to measures of health services; for example, social support was inversely related to barriers to care (odds ratio=0.73; 95% confidence interval=0.59, 0.92). Conclusions. Social capital is a complex concept, with some elements appearing to be related to individuals’ experiences with health services. More research is needed to refine social capital theory and to clarify the contributions of social capital versus structural factors (e.g., insurance coverage and income) to health care experiences.
Access to and Use of Health Services Among Undocumented Mexican Immigrants in a US Urban Area
Authors: Nandi Arijit , Galea Sandro , Lopez Gerald , Nandi Vijay , Strongarone Stacey , Ompad Danielle C. 
Published: January 2008

Objectives. We assessed access to and use of health services among Mexican-born undocumented immigrants living in New York City in 2004. Methods. We used venue-based sampling to recruit participants from locations where undocumented immigrants were likely to congregate. Participants were 18 years or older, born in Mexico, and current residents of New York City. The main outcome measures were health insurance coverage, access to a regular health care provider, and emergency department care. Results. In multivariable models, living in a residence with fewer other adults, linguistic acculturation, higher levels of formal income, higher levels of social support, and poor health were associated with health insurance coverage. Female gender, fewer children, arrival before 1997, higher levels of formal income, health insurance coverage, greater social support, and not reporting discrimination were associated with access to a regular health care provider. Higher levels of education, higher levels of formal income, and poor health were associated with emergency department care. Conclusions. Absent large-scale political solutions to the challenges of undocumented immigrants, policies that address factors shown to limit access to care may improve health among this growing population.
Heterozygous Missense Mutations in the Insulin Gene Are Linked to Permanent Diabetes Appearing in the Neonatal Period or in Early Infancy
Authors: Polak Michel , Dechaume Aurélie , Cavé Hélène , Nimri Revital , Crosnier Hélène , Sulmont Véronique , de Kerdanet Marc , Scharfmann Raphael , Lebenthal Yael , Froguel Philippe , Vaxillaire Martine 
Published: January 2008

OBJECTIVE—Permanent neonatal diabetes (PND) is defined by chronic hyperglycemia due to severe nonautoimmune insulin deficiency diagnosed in the first months of life. Several genes, including KCNJ11 and ABCC8, which encode the two subunits of the ATP-sensitive K+ channel (KATP channel) can cause PND. Mutations in the insulin (INS) gene have been recently described in families with neonatal diabetes. Our study aimed to investigate the genetic anomalies and clinical heterogeneity in PND patients who are negative for a KATP channel mutation.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—We screened the INS gene by direct sequencing in 38 PND patients and in one child with nonautoimmune early-infancy diabetes, where no mutation in GCK, KCNJ11, and ABCC8 was identified. A detailed clinical phenotyping of the patients was carried out to specify the diabetes features in those found with an INS mutation.
RESULTS—We identified three missense mutations in the INS gene in four probands. Two of four mutations were inherited in a dominant manner, and the familial description evidenced a marked variability in age of diagnosis and disease progression. In our cohort, the INS mutations may represent ∼10% of all permanent neonatal diabetes cases, having a later presentation of diabetes and no associated symptoms compared with cases with KATP channel mutations.
CONCLUSIONS—Heterozygous INS gene mutations can cause isolated permanent early-infancy diabetes and should be assessed in neonatal as well as in childhood diabetes appearing like type 1, when autoimmune markers are absent. New pharmacogenomic strategies may be applicable, since residual β-cell function is still present in some patients.
The combined effects of supersaturation and Ba2+ on the batch cooling crystallization of potassium dihydrogen phosphate
Authors: Zheng Guozong , Liang Jingkui , Li Zhengdong , Su Genbo , Zhuang Xinxin 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThe combined effects of supersaturation and Ba2+ on potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP) were investigated in batch cooling suspension crystallization. Growth size, morphology, and impurity Ba2+ adsorbed in the KDP crystals were measured with changing Ba2+ concentration and supersaturation. Significant changes in shapes and volume of the grown crystals have been observed. The results further confirmed that the size and shape of crystals were greatly determined by supersaturation. Ba2+ ions significantly modified the growth habit of KDP crystals. The concentration of Ba2+ ions adsorbed in the crystals increases with the increasing Ba2+ ions in the solutions and supersaturation. The foggy phenomena caused by the addition of Ba to the KDP solution were also described. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
New Aldehydes by Catalytic Diene Cycloisomerisations
Authors: Grau Fanny , Bayón J. Carles , Aguirre Pedro A. , Parella Teodor , Duñach Elisabet 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThe Rh‐catalysed hydroformylation of isopropylidenecyclohexane derivatives obtained by intramolecular diene cyclisations affords the corresponding aldehydes in good yields and in a completely chemo‐ and regioselective manner. Diastereoselectivities of ca. 90 % were achieved for all substrates when a bulky phosphite was used as the Rh ligand. Thestereochemical outcomes of the hydroformylation reactions were established by detailed NMR studies. The olfactory evaluation of the different aldehydes is also presented.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
[18F]Fluoropropylsulfonyl chloride: a new reagent for radiolabeling primary and secondary amines for PET imaging
Authors: Li Zheng , Lang Lixin , Ma Ying , Kiesewetter Dale O. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractIn vivo molecular imaging with positron emission tomography (PET) requires the preparation of an appropriate positron‐emitting radiotracer. New methods for the introduction of F‐18 into biologically interesting molecules could increase the availability of specific PET radiotracers and increase the application of PET to the study of human diseases. In this work, [18F]fluoropropylsulfonyl chloride was synthesized from 3‐toluenesulfonyloxypropyl thiocyanate in two steps and was successfully incorporated into molecules containing a reactive amino group. Both a primary amine, L‐phenylalanine ethyl ester hydrochloride, and a secondary amine, 1‐(2‐methoxyphenyl)‐piperazine, were successfully radiolabeled by this method. The entire radiochemical synthesis required 90 min. The products were obtained in 25.7±2.3% (n=3) and 22.8±9.1% (n=6) (EOB). This method provides a useful and easy way to make new F‐18 labeled radiopharmaceuticals for PET imaging. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preparation and biodistribution of 32P‐labelled hydroxocobalamin and comparison with 57Co‐labelled cobinamide and cyanocobalamin
Authors: Gräsbeck Ralph , Sarparanta Mirkka 
Published: January 2008

AbstractTo study whether in biodistribution studies the phosphorus‐containing side‐chain of cobalamin and the central cobalt atom behave differently, 32P‐ and 57Co‐labelled hydroxocobalamins were biosynthesized. A considerably higher specific activity of the 32P‐labelled compound was achieved than before. Both labelled hydroxocobalamins were administered in physiological quantities subcutaneously and orally to rats. The distributions of the two isotopes did not differ significantly. To explain previously observed slight deviations from this pattern, radiolabelled dicyano cobinamide and cyanocobalamin were prepared and studied in an analogous manner. Generally they behaved as hydroxocobalamin, but with greater accumulation in the liver, possibly reflecting the cyanide‐detoxifying function of this organ. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Interdomain cooperativity of calmodulin bound to melittin preferentially increases calcium affinity of sites I and II
Authors: Newman Rhonda A. , Van Scyoc Wendy S. , Sorensen Brenda R. , Jaren Olav R. , Shea Madeline A. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractCalmodulin (CaM) is the primary transducer of calcium fluxes in eukaryotic cells. Its two domains allosterically regulate myriad target proteins through calcium‐linked association and conformational change. Many of these proteins have a basic amphipathic α‐helix (BAA) motif that binds one or both CaM domains. Previously, we demonstrated domain‐specific binding of melittin, a model BAA peptide, to Paramecium CaM (PCaM): C‐domain mutations altered the interaction with melittin, whereas N‐domain mutations had no discernable effect. Here, we report on the use of fluorescence and NMR spectroscopy to measure the domain‐specific association of melittin with calcium‐saturated ((Ca2+)4‐PCaM) or calcium‐depleted (apo) PCaM, which has enabled us to determine the free energies of calcium binding to the PCaM‐melittin complex, and to estimate interdomain cooperativity. Under apo conditions, melittin associated with each PCaM domain fragment (PCaM1–80 and PCaM76–148), as well as with the C‐domain of full‐length PCaM (PCaM1–148). In the presence of calcium, all of these interactions were again observed, in addition to which an association with the N‐domain of (Ca2+)4‐PCaM1–148 occurred. This new association was made possible by the fact that melittin changed the calcium‐binding preferences for the domains from sequential (C > N) to concomitant, decreasing the median ligand activity of calcium toward the N‐domain 10‐fold more than that observed for the C‐domain. This selectivity may be explained by a free energy of cooperativity of −3 kcal/mol between the N‐ and C‐domains. This study demonstrates multiple domain‐selective differences in the interactions between melittin and PCaM. Our findings support a model that may apply more generally to ion channels that associate with the C‐domain of CaM under low (resting) calcium conditions, but rearrange when calcium binding triggers an association of the N‐ domain with the channel. Proteins 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An efficient distributed fault‐tolerant protocol for dynamic channel allocation
Authors: Huang Tingxue , Boukerche Azzedine , Abrougui Kaouther , Williams Jeff 
Published: January 2008

AbstractRecent demand for mobile telephone services has been growing rapidly while the electromagnetic spectrum of frequencies allocated for this purpose remains limited. Any solution to the channel assignment problem is subject to this limitation, as well as the interference constraint between adjacent channels in the spectrum. The early research focused on the fixed channel allocation and centralized schemes. Recently, distributed channel allocation schemes have received much attention because of their high reliability and scalability. In these schemes, a base station (BS) has to consult with its neighboring BSs in order to assign a channel to a call. If it cannot communicate with its neighbors, it fails in allocating a channel. However, it is a common phenomenon that a BS fails in communicating with its neighboring BSs due to some reasons, such as heavy traffic load. In this paper, we propose a distributed fault‐tolerant channel allocation schemes which can work well under the mobile host (MH) failures, BS failures, and communication link failures. This algorithm is based upon the mutual exclusion model where the channels are grouped into three equal sized groups and each group of channels cannot be shared concurrently within the same cluster. We prove its correctness. We also report our algorithm's performance with several channel systems using different types of call arrival pattern through comparing with a popular generic distributed algorithm for channel allocation DDRA. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Specification of communicating processes: temporal logic versus refusals-based refinement
Authors: Lowe Gavin 
Published: January 2008

Abstract

In this paper we consider the relationship between refinement-oriented specification and specifications using a temporal logic. We investigate the extent to which one can check whether a program in a process algebra, such as Communicating Sequential Processes (CSP), satisfies a temporal logic specification using a refinement-based model checker, such as FDR. We consider what atomic formulae are appropriate in a temporal logic for specifying communicating processes, in particular where one wants to talk about the availability of events. We then show that, perhaps surprisingly, the standard stable failures model is not adequate for capturing specifications in such a logic: instead the refusal traces model must be used. We formalise the logic by giving it a semantics in this model. We show that the temporal operators
eventually
and
until
, and negation, cannot, in general, be tested for via simple refinement checks. For the remaining fragment of the logic, we present a translation into simple refinement checks. Finally, we show that refusal traces equivalence is characterised by a slightly augmented version of that fragment.