bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Existence of the Solution for a Double Phase System with Convex Nonlinearities
Authors: Feng Yizhe , Shang Suiming , Bai Zhanbing 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we study the following double phase system which contains the convex nonlinearities. By the use of the Nehari manifold, the existence of one nontrivial solution which has nonnegative energy is obtained.
Establishment of Prediction Model for Severe Hypertriglyceridemic Acute Pancreatitis Based on Early Laboratory Indicators
Authors: Hu Juanjuan , Sun Yuansong , Hua Tianfeng , Xiao Wenyan , Yang Min 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
Compared with other types of acute pancreatitis (AP), hypertriglyceridemic acute pancreatitis (HTG-AP) is younger, recurrent and more prone to exacerbation. Severe HTG-AP has a high fatality rate. Early and accurate prediction of the severity is crucial. However, there is currently a lack of a specific scoring system for the severity of HTG-AP.

Aim/Purpose
To construct a risk prediction model that can accurately predict severe HTG-AP in the early stage and evaluate its clinical value.

Methods
The clinical data of 1768 patients with AP admitted to the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University from January 2020 to May 2023 were analyzed retrospectively, and 136 HTG-AP patients were finally selected. Univariate and multivariate analysis were performed for the early onset indicators to identify the independent risk factors for developing SAP in the patients of HTG-AP. Logistic regression was then utilized to establish a risk prediction model for the severity of HTG-AP, which was subsequently evaluated for its performance through discrimination and calibration analysis.

Results
Of the 136 patients with HTG-AP, 39 patients (28.7%) progressed to severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). Multivariate analysis revealed that CRP, RDW/SC, and D-dimer were independent risk factors for developing SAP in the patients of HTG-AP. The logistic regression analysis to establish prediction model was: Logit P = − 8.101 + 0.008 × CRP + 0.425 × D-dimer + 0.743 × RDW/SC. The receiver-operating characteristics (ROC) curve showed that area under curve (AUC) value of CRP, RDW/SC, D-dimer, and the prediction model were 0.831, 0.843, 0.874, and 0.915, respectively. Moreover, the AUC value of the prediction model and commonly used scoring systems of AP were compared: prediction model (AUC = 0.915) > Ranson (AUC = 0.900) > SOFA (AUC = 0.899) > CTSI (AUC = 0.889) > BISAP (AUC = 0.887).

Conclusion
CRP, RDW/SC and D-dimer were independent risk factors for SAP in the patients of HTG-AP. Compared with commonly used scoring systems of AP, the prediction model had good clinical prediction ability, providing reference for early identification of the patients developing severe HTG-AP and active intervention.
Analysis of cross-border free route implementation: A case for Turkish and Ukrainian airspaces
Authors: Ozcan I. A. , Aybek Çetek F. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractFree route airspace (FRA) are increasingly widespread in European countries. A step further, cross-border FRA aims to implement FRA in a seamless,defragmented airspace in Europe. This study aims to bring a different perspective by extending the scope of cross-border FRA applications beyond socioeconomic status (SES) countries. In the study, analyses were made using fast-time simulation outputs for one of the busiest days of Turkish airspace in 2022. The simulation models of four cases were created and compared in such a way that airspaces of Türkiye, South East Europe free route airspace (SEEFRA) countries and Ukraine combined under different border operations above FL285. Flight trajectories were assessed in terms of flight distance, fuel economy and environmental impact within the aforementioned airspaces. The participation of Turkish airspace in the cross-border region and opening of Ukrainian airspace are examined. Concluded, among all, cross-border FRA implemented through all aforementioned regions (Case 4) may constitute the best benefit for flight trajectories and related variables.
The Right to Refuse Equivalence of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures: Trading on Regulatory Trust?
Authors: Delev Christian , Greaves Siew Jochelle 
Published: March 2024

AbstractEquivalence is an essential discipline for liberalising trade between States whose sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS) measures are based on divergent regulatory approaches. During the Uruguay Round negotiations, “equivalence” under the SPS Agreement was regarded by negotiators as being “of great importance”, and it was even considered to establish a right for exporting States. In practice, the discipline has remained ineffective, with only thirty-six equivalence recognition decisions made since 1995. This article argues that the underperformance of equivalence as an obligation is structural in nature: in effect, the SPS Agreement establishes a conditional right of importing Members to refuse equivalence requests. As such, exporting Members only gain equivalence protection where they either demonstrate that their measures (1) meet the importing Member’s appropriate level of protection or (2) achieve the same level of protection as parties to recognition agreements. Finally, the need for fostering regulatory trust between domestic SPS regulatory agencies is underscored as a prerequisite for achieving broader equivalence recognition.
Ottoman Policies Regarding Shah Ismāʿīl II as Seen through Ottoman Documents
Authors: Ahmadi Nozhat , Shahinpour Mohammad Amin Keikha 
Published: March 2024

AbstractRelations between Iran and the Ottoman Empire during the Safavid era were never free of tension, even when there was peace between the two states. In peacetime, both powers secretly and closely monitored the other's movements, either in anticipation of or in preparation for attacks. Due to the destruction of Safavid archives, there is little documentary information in Iranian archives about Iranian-Ottoman relations in the period, forcing us to rely mainly on chronicles and travelogues. However, the Ottoman Mühimme Defterleri (Registers of Important Affairs), which contain a copy of all royal decrees and orders, are a very valuable source for the study of these tense and unstable relations from the Ottoman perspective. According to these registers, upon the coming to power of Shah Ismāʿīl II, the Ottoman government publicly upheld and respected the terms of the Amasya Peace Treaty, while secretly looking for a pretext to resume war against Iran. The question is, however, why the Ottomans did not attack Iran immediately after Ismāʿīl II's accession to the throne. Was it due, as some sources claim, to the bravery Shah Ismāʿīl had previously shown in action against the Ottomans? By examining and analyzing the Mühimme Registers of this period, the authors of the present paper demonstrate that the Ottomans had plans to invade Iran and occupy parts of its territory at the beginning of Ismāʿīl II's accession, but their military campaign was thwarted by the lack of opportunities during the short period of the Safavid king's rule.
Glutty and simple?
Authors: Marmodoro Anna 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBeall's original understanding of the nature of the divine allows for contradictory statements to be true of God, by assuming that parts of reality, such as the Trinity, are ‘glutty’ (namely, what we can say about them is both true and false). Is the divine is the only glutty part of reality, and if so, why? Furthermore, does the glutty nature of the divine undermine its simplicity? Beall argues that God is not mereologically complex, but on his account God is logically and hence, it appears, metaphysically complex.
Insights into the deployment of a social robot-augmented telepresence robot in an elder care clinic – perspectives from patients and therapists: a pilot study
Authors: Sobrepera Michael J. , Nguyen Anh T. , Gavin Emily S. , Johnson Michelle J. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAs the proportion of the elderly population in the USA expands, so will the demand for rehabilitation and social care, which play an important role in maintaining function and mediating motor and cognitive decline in older adults. The use of social robotics and telemedicine are each potential solutions but each have limitations. To address challenges with classical telemedicine for rehabilitation, we propose to use a social robot-augmented telepresence (SRAT), Flo, which was deployed for long-term use in a community-based rehabilitation facility catering to older adults. Our goals were to explore how clinicians and patients would use and respond to the robot during rehab interactions. In this pilot study, three clinicians were recruited and asked to rate usability after receiving training for operating the robot and two of them conducted multiple rehab interactions with their patients using the robot (eleven patients with cognitive impairment and/or motor impairment and 23 rehab sessions delivered via SRAT in total). We report on the experience of both therapists and patients after the interactions.
From patient-reported outcomes (PROs) to family-reported outcomes (FROs): Acceptability and perceived usefulness of routine screening in cancer care
Authors: Lambert Sylvie , Loban Katya , Gignac Anne-Sophie , Magalhaes Mona , Brahim Lydia Ould , Chehayeb Sarah , Wasserman Sydney 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectivesTo explore the acceptability of screening for family-reported outcomes (FROs) among cancer caregivers (unpaid family members or friends who provide support to patients with cancer) and identify from their perspective the key components of a FRO screening program.MethodsUsing a qualitative descriptive design, semi-structured interviews were undertaken with 23 adult caregivers of people with cancer between 2020 and 2021. Interview questions focused on acceptability of FRO screening, types of FROs, timing/frequency of screening, preferred resources following screening, and communication of FROs to patients and clinicians. Participants were recruited in Canada. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using thematic analysis and constant comparison.ResultsAlmost all caregivers welcomed FRO screening in usual care and viewed it as an avenue toward obtaining more resources. Other potential benefits of FRO screening included increased self-reflection and role acknowledgment. Caregivers prioritized screening for emotional symptoms, and most preferred that the results be shared with the patient’s treating team rather than their primary care provider. Caregivers did not want results to be shared with patients, instead favoring learning how best to discuss results with patients. Many spoke of a “one stop shop” containing all relevant information on caring for the patient (first) and for themselves (second). Opinions regarding timing and frequency of FRO screening differed. Periodic administration of FRO measures, with each one not exceeding 20 minutes, was deemed appropriate.Significance of resultsThis study extends the concept of patient-reported outcome measures to caregivers, and findings can be used to guide the development of FRO screening programs.
A pilot study to evaluate the feasibility and potential effectiveness of an early palliative care model: “Educate, Nurture, Advise, Before Life Ends for Singapore”
Authors: Yang Grace Meijuan , Koh Dawn , Natesan Neela , Ng Jess , Odom J. Nicholas , Bakitas Marie 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe main objective was to pilot the culturally adapted “Educate, Nurture, Advise, Before Life Ends” for Singapore (ENABLE-SG) model to evaluate its feasibility and potential effectiveness.MethodsA single-arm pilot trial of ENABLE-SG among patients with advanced solid tumors and caregivers of these patients was conducted in the outpatient oncology clinic setting. Enrolled participants participated in individual ENABLE-SG psychoeducational sessions weekly. Patients had 6 sessions on the topics of maintaining positivity, self-care, coping with stress, managing symptoms, exploring what matters most and life review. Caregivers had 4 sessions on the topics of maintaining positivity, self-care, coping with stress and managing symptoms. At baseline, 4, 8, and 12 months after enrolment, patient’s quality of life was measured using the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy – Palliative Care, patient’s mood was measured using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies – Depression scale, and caregiver quality of life was measured using the Singapore Caregiver Quality of Life Scale.ResultsWe enrolled 43 patients and 15 caregivers over a 10-month period from August 2021 to June 2022. Although there was a low approach-to-participation rate, most of those who enrolled completed all ENABLE-SG sessions – 72% for patients and 94% for caregivers. Caregivers had better quality of life over time, specifically in the subscales of mental well-being and experience-meaning.Significance of resultsBased on findings from this study, we are planning a randomized waitlist-controlled trial of ENABLE-SG for patients with advanced cancer and their caregivers.
Das Konfidenz- / Signifikanzniveau impliziert ein bestimmtes Kostenverhältnis zwischen Fehler 1. Art und Fehler 2. Art
Authors: Sterner Philipp , Friemelt Benedikt , Goretzko David , Kraus Elisabeth , Bühner Markus , Pargent Florian 
Published: March 2024

Zusammenfassung: Die psychologische Einzelfalldiagnostik erfordert oft konkrete Entscheidungen, z. B. ob Personen in einem psychologischen Bereich „unterdurchschnittlich“ sind. Alle deutschen Lehrbücher empfehlen, die Messunsicherheit von psychologischen Tests zu berücksichtigen, z. B. durch kritische Differenzen, Hypothesentests oder Konfidenzintervalle. Diese Empfehlungen ähneln jedoch Heuristiken ohne eine nachvollziehbare Begründung, wie das geeignete Signifikanz- oder Konfidenzniveau zu wählen ist. Die statistische Entscheidungstheorie ist ein mathematisches Framework, um rationale Entscheidungen zu treffen. Obwohl sie bereits früh in der Psychologie behandelt wurde, findet sie heute wenig Beachtung. Aus einer entscheidungstheoretischen Perspektive betrachtet, lassen sich die impliziten Annahmen aktueller Entscheidungsheuristiken aufzeigen. Die Verwendung zweiseitiger Hypothesentests und Konfidenzintervalle mit einem Signifikanzniveau von alpha = 0.05 impliziert beispielsweise, dass Fehler 1. Art 39-mal schwerwiegender eingestuft werden als Fehler 2. Art. In diesem Artikel geben wir eine kurze Einführung in die Entscheidungstheorie und nutzen dieses Framework, um die Auswirkungen auf die derzeitige Praxis zu erörtern. Außerdem stellen wir eine Umfrage unter klinischen Neuropsycholog_innen vor, die für ein Fallbeispiel ihre internen Kostenverhältnisse angaben. Obwohl die Kostenverhältnisse der Praktiker_innen variierten, wählte die Mehrheit weniger extreme Verhältnisse als die üblichen Heuristiken vermuten ließen. Wir argumentieren, dass die Einzelfalldiagnostik von einer expliziten Berücksichtigung entscheidungstheoretischer Implikationen profitieren würde und skizzieren mögliche zukünftige Forschungsrichtungen.
Architecture of Fluvial and Deltaic Deposits Exposed Along the Eastern Edge of the Western Fan of Jezero Crater, Mars
Authors: Mangold N. , Caravaca G. , Gupta S. , Williams R. M. E. , Dromart G. , Gasnault O. , Le Mouélic S. , Paar G. , Bell J. , Beyssac O. , Carlot N. , Cousin A. , Dehouck E. , Horgan B. , Kah L. C. , Lasue J. , Maurice S. , Núñez J. I. , Shuster D. , Stack K. M. , Weiss B. P. , Wiens R. C. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractEarly observations from the Perseverance rover suggested a deltaic origin for the western fan of Jezero crater only from images of the Kodiak butte. Here, we use images from the SuperCam Remote Micro‐Imager and the Mastcam‐Z camera to analyze the western fan front along the rover traverse, and further assess its depositional origin. Outcrops in the middle to lower half of the hillslopes comprise planar and inclined beds of sandstone that are interpreted as foresets of deltaic deposits. Foresets are locally structured in ∼20–25 m thick, ∼80–100 m long, antiformal structures interpreted as deltaic mouth bars. Above these foresets, interbedded sandstones and boulder conglomerates are interpreted as fluvial topset beds. One well‐preserved lens of boulder conglomerate displays rounded clasts within well‐sorted sediment deposited in overall fining upward beds. We interpret these deposits as resulting from lateral accretion within fluvial channels. Estimations of peak discharge rates give a range between ∼100 and ∼500 m3 s−1. By contrast, boulder conglomerates exposed in the uppermost part of hillslopes are poorly sorted and truncate the underlying beds. The presence of these boulder deposits suggests that intense sediment‐laden flood episodes occurred after the deltaic foreset and topset beds were deposited, although the origin, timing, and relationship of these boulder deposits to the ancient lake that once filled Jezero crater remains undetermined. Overall, these observations confirm the deltaic nature of the fan front, and suggest a highly variable fluvial input.
Deep Learning Integrating Scale Conversion and Pedo‐Transfer Function to Avoid Potential Errors in Cross‐Scale Transfer
Authors: Li Peijun , Zha Yuanyuan , Zhang Yonggen , Michael Tso Chak‐Hau , Attinger Sabine , Samaniego Luis , Peng Jian 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPedo‐transfer functions (PTFs) relate soil/landscape static properties to a wide range of model inputs (e.g., soil hydraulic parameters) that are essential to soil hydrological modeling. Combining PTFs and hydrological models is a powerful strategy allowing the use of soil/landscape static properties for the generalization of large‐scale modeling. However, since the spatial scales of soil hydraulic parameters required for model inputs and soil/landscape static properties are often not identical, cross‐scale transfer is required, which can be a significant source of errors. Here, we investigate uncertainties in cross‐scale transfer and develop an approach that avoids them. The proposed method uses the convolutional neural network (CNN) as a cross‐scale transfer approach to directly map soil/landscape static properties to soil hydraulic parameters across different spatial scales. The proposed CNN approach is applied under two different estimation strategies to invert the hydraulic parameters of a soil‐water balance model and subsequently the quality of the parameters is assessed. Both synthetical and real‐world results around the conterminous United States indicate that in general the employed end‐to‐end strategy is superior to the two‐step strategy. The CNN‐based integrated model successfully reduces potential errors in cross‐scale transfer and can be applied to other areas lacking information on hydraulic parameters or observations. The proposed method can be extended to improve parameter estimation in earth system models and enhance our understanding of key hydrological processes.
Spatiotemporal Data Augmentation of MODIS‐Landsat Water Bodies Using Adversarial Networks
Authors: Filali Boubrahimi Soukaina , Neema Ashit , Nassar Ayman , Hosseinzadeh Pouya , Hamdi Shah Muhammad 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWith increasing demands for precise water resource management, there is a growing need for advanced techniques in mapping water bodies. The currently deployed satellites provide complementary data that are either of high spatial or high temporal resolutions. As a result, there is a clear trade‐off between space and time when considering a single data source. For the efficient monitoring of multiple environmental resources, various Earth science applications need data at high spatial and temporal resolutions. To address this need, many data fusion methods have been described in the literature, that rely on combining data snapshots from multiple sources. Traditional methods face limitations due to sensitivity to atmospheric disturbances and other environmental factors, resulting in noise, outliers, and missing data. This paper introduces Hydrological Generative Adversarial Network (Hydro‐GAN), a novel machine learning‐based method that utilizes modified GANs to enhance boundary accuracy when mapping low‐resolution MODIS data to high‐resolution Landsat‐8 images. We propose a new non‐saturating loss function for the Hydro‐GAN generator, which maximizes the log of discriminator probabilities to promote stable updates and aid convergence. By focusing on reducing squared differences between real and synthetic images, our approach enhances training stability and overall performance. We specifically focus on mapping water bodies using MODIS and Landsat‐8 imagery due to their relevance in water resource management tasks. Our experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of Hydro‐GAN in generating high‐resolution water body maps, outperforming traditional methods in terms of boundary accuracy and overall quality.
A von-Neumann-like photonic processor and its application in studying quantum signature of chaos
Authors: Yu Shang , Liu Wei , Tao Si-Jing , Li Zhi-Peng , Wang Yi-Tao , Zhong Zhi-Peng , Patel Raj B. , Meng Yu , Yang Yuan-Ze , Wang Zhao-An , Guo Nai-Jie , Zeng Xiao-Dong , Chen Zhe , Xu Liang , Zhang Ning , Liu Xiao , Yang Mu , Zhang Wen-Hao , Zhou Zong-Quan , Xu Jin-Shi , Tang Jian-Shun , Han Yong-Jian , Li Chuan-Feng , Guo Guang-Can 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPhotonic quantum computation plays an important role and offers unique advantages. Two decades after the milestone work of Knill-Laflamme-Milburn, various architectures of photonic processors have been proposed, and quantum advantage over classical computers has also been demonstrated. It is now the opportune time to apply this technology to real-world applications. However, at current technology level, this aim is restricted by either programmability in bulk optics or loss in integrated optics for the existing architectures of processors, for which the resource cost is also a problem. Here we present a von-Neumann-like architecture based on temporal-mode encoding and looped structure on table, which is capable of multimode-universal programmability, resource-efficiency, phase-stability and software-scalability. In order to illustrate these merits, we execute two different programs with varying resource requirements on the same processor, to investigate quantum signature of chaos from two aspects: the signature behaviors exhibited in phase space (13 modes), and the Fermi golden rule which has not been experimentally studied in quantitative way before (26 modes). The maximal program contains an optical interferometer network with 1694 freely-adjustable phases. Considering current state-of-the-art, our architecture stands as the most promising candidate for real-world applications.