bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigations on serum‐iron in children. Preliminary report
Authors: VAHLQUIST BO 
Published: January 2008

Summary.After a short review of the literature on the subject a report is given of the results obtained in a systematic investigation of the serum‐iron level under different physiological and pathological conditions, chiefly anaemias. Alimentary anaemia is characterized as sideropenic. The occurrence of juvenile anaemia with the typical clinical picture of essential hypochromic anaemia in adults is described. The preliminary results of serum‐iron determinations in other different conditions are given.
Bleivergiftung bei Individuen im Wachstumsalter. Klinische und experimentelle Untersuchungen.1
Authors: VAHLQUIST Von BO , SÄLDE HENRY 
Published: January 2008

Zusammenfassung.a) dass die ganz jungen Tiere den starken Bleidosen rascher erlagen als die ausgewacbsenen,b) dass eine Bleivergiftung der Mutter auf dem Wege über die Milch Vergiftungssymptome bei den Jungen hervorrufen konnte,c) dass eine Bleisalbenbehandlung der Zitzen des Muttertieres zu Vergiftungssymptomen bei den Jungen führen konnte.

Im klinischen Teil wird über das Krankheitsbild der Bleivergiftung bei Kindern berichtet und zwar im Anschluss an einen Fall—einen 2 Monate alten Knaben, der durch Behandlung der Rhagaden an der Brustwarze der Mutter mit Bleiessigsalbe vergiftet worden war. Die Verschiedenartigkeit des Symptombildes der Bleivergiftnng bei Kindern und Erwachsenen wird hervorgehoben. Die 5 Kardinalsymptome bei Kindern: Erbrechen, Krämpfe, Blutveränderungen, Porphyrinurie und “Bleilinien” im Knocbengerüst, werden eingehend behandelt.
Im experimentellen Teil wird über Bleivergifftungsversucbe an Kanincben berichtet. Diese zeigten,
Die klinischen und experimentellen Beobachtungen berechtigen zu dem Schlußsatz, dass bleihaltige Salben bzw. Warzenschutz aus Blei auf Grund des Vergiftungsrixikos für die Kinder nicht mehr für stillenäe Mütter angewandt werden soilten. Sie können durch bleifreie Salben bzw. Aluminiumschutz ersetzt werden.
The incidence of rickets and tetany as a function of the variation of sunlight.
Authors: HORSTMANN PAUL , PETERSEN HELGE 
Published: January 2008

SUMMARYWhile the direct effect of sunlight has its maximum in June and its minimum in December, a possible accumulated effect of sunlight will reach maximum in September and minimum in March (on the northern hemisphere), provided the disintegration of the accumulated substance proceeds with the same intensity throughout the whole year.A survey of the date of hospitalization of 1259 patients with rickets and 478 with tetany showed that these vitamin‐D‐deficiency‐diseases had their maximum incidence around March and minimum around September. A complete reciprocal interdependence is shown by the case incidence curves and the curve showing the accumulated effect of sunlight. It is considered probable, that the seasonal variations of the vitamin D contents in the infantile organism approximately follow the latter curve.Finally it should be underlined, that a seasonal disease may well be dependent on sunlight, even when its maximum is found around one of the equinoxes.
A Study of the Onset and Prognosis of Nephritis in Children
Authors: FRISK ÅKE , KLACKENBERG G. 
Published: January 2008

Summary.The investigation comprised a study of 239 cases of nephritis, of which 96 % of those still aliye 10 to 20 years after the first hospital treatment, were followed up. In addition to the ordinary tests, quantitative sediment counts by ADDIS method were made. 90 % of the acute cases of nephritis, most of whom had had a hemorrhagic onset, had recovered, slightly more than5 % had permanent renal damage, and somewhat less then 5 % were border‐line cases, where further investigation would have been necessary for definite classification.The form of the onset seems to be of the utmost importance for prognosis. An unnoticed insidious onset was combined with bad prognosis. This form of the disease, termed «primary chro‐nic«, led relatively quickly, in all cases within five years, to death. This type of onset is not common, only 11 cases in the total material. The «secondary chronic», on the other hand, influenced the general state of health surprisingly little over a long period (10–20 years). Acute convulsive uremia and the extent of the initial albumin did not influence the prognosis, neither did tonsillectomy.(We should like to take the opportunity to thank chief doctors Med. Dr. FAXIÉN and ÅKRRÉN, Gothenburg, whose valuable help rendered possible the technical side of the investigation, and to express our gratitude to colleagues throughout Sweden for their kindness in answering our questionaires.)
Examinations on the Duration of the Period of Lactation and its Dependence on the Age of the Mother and other Factors
Authors: HERLITZ GILLIS 
Published: January 2008

SUMMARYIn order to ascertain the significance of the civil status and age of mother as well as the sex, birth number and birth weight of the child, for her lactation ability the author has made examinations on a material of 4 084 infants at the Stockholm Child Welfare Centres as to what degree the duration of the period of lactation varies with the factors mentioned. Consideration has herewith been taken, on the one hand to the period during which the mother has given the breast only (b) and on the other hand to the period during which she has given the breast at all (b + m). The results are as follows.As was to be expected, the unmarried mothers has, in spite of supervision, a shorter b and b + m than the married mothers, which must in the first place be ascribed to the circumstance that the unmarried mothers to a greater extent, have employment away from home.The sex of the child could not be proved to have any noteworthy influence either on b or b + m. The same applies to birth weight although in this case the weight class under 2 500 gr probably occupies an exceptional position.It has formerly been pointed out in literature that the older mothers give their children the breast for a longer period than the younger mothers. A closer analysis of the causes appears not to have been undertaken. The reason for this must partly be that the older mothers are to a greater extent pluripara; as unipara have a shorter b and b + m than pluripara independent of the age of the mother and the weight of the child at birth. But this is not the only cause, as the difference also appears in unipara at least as regards b + m. When it is a question of b only there rules however the reverse condition, here the younger mothers have a longer suckling time throughout. Therefore another cause of the longer total lactation period (b + m) in the older mothers might be sought in the circumstance that the older mothers compensate for their inferior ability to give the breast only by protracting the period of mixed feeding. The view finds support in the correlation calculations made with reference to b and m within the material. The differences in these respects, between the older and the younger mothers in the material are small all round, and smaller than was to be expected by reason of the information given in literature; this surely stands in connection with the fact that the feeding within the material here described is controlled.Since the mortality among the infants of Stockholm that are not controlled at the Child Welfare Centres appears to be at least twice as great as the mortality among the children of corresponding age that are controlled at the Child Welfare Centres evidence is given of the importance of tracing and supervising the uncontrolled children.
Rheumatoid Arthritis in Children. A clinical study.
Authors: EOSTRÖM GUNNAR 
Published: January 2008

SUMMARYRheumatoid arthritis occurs not infrequently in childhood. Girls are afflicted more often than boys. The form known as Still's disease seems to be less common in Sweden.The onset of the disease in children differs from that in adults in that the larger joints are more often attacked. The joints of the lower extremities are usually affected, especially the knee joints. The process frequently begins as a monarthritis. In preliminary stage it is often wrongly diagnosed as tubercular arthritis.Besides the arthritical symptoms it begins insidiously with subfebrile temperature, moderate increase in the SB, moderate hypochromic anaemia and signs for myocardial injury. X‐ray manifestations of heart‐dilatation generally becomes evident first in later stages. Sometimes peritendinitis and subcutaneous nodules. Processes in the eyes occur. Eosinophilia is common.The tendency to flexion contractures is often marked. The movement treatment of the joints is an important part of the therapy in avoiding defects. Internal anti‐infectious therapy is also important because of the often pronounced infectious character of the disease (gold‐salts or sulfonamides‐preparations). For decreasing the hyperergic reaction of the tissues salicylic acid or amidopyrine is given.The prognosis appears to be relatively good – except of the cases of Still's disease. The duration of the disease is on an average from 2 to 3 years for those patients who are cured. Protracted care on hospital is necessary, preferably on arthritic clinics.
Chronic, Non‐familial Hemolytic Anemia in Infants.
Authors: NJÅ ARNE 
Published: January 2008

SUMMARYTwo cases of severe, hemolytic anemia in infants are recorded. The blood findings and the course of the disease differed in several aspects from that of familial, hemolytic icterus. No similar cases were found in the family. Based on these cases and on others reported on in the literature it is suggested that this is a separate disease which must be distinguished from the familial, hemolytic icterus.
Considérations clinico‐psychologiques et thérapeutiques à propos d'un cas d'hémophilie infantile
Authors: SCHACHTER M. 
Published: January 2008

SUMMARYA case of hemophilia in a 6–year old boy — typical hemophilia of the familial type. This child came to us in poor condition, with total motor incapacity in the right leg and relative motor incapacity in the left leg (knees swelled by hemophilic arthritis). From the therapeutic point of view, massage and the oral administration of synthetic hormones (Stilboestrol) brought about a rapid improvement; the child began to walk well; after systematic massage of the limbs blood coagulation time was distinctly improved, for the resorption of the hematomas became more rapid, falling from 15–20 days to 5–8 days. — From the psychological point of view, examination by the Rorschach test showed us that the child behaved as though he had no conscience experience (Krankheits‐Erlebniss) of the malady from which he suffered.
A Simple Micro‐Method for Studying the Retraction of the Blood Clot
Authors: LEVANDER‐LINDGREN MAJ 
Published: January 2008

SUMMARY1. A new simple micromethod for studying the clot retraction is described in which the coagulum is allowed to form around a horse‐hair that is withdrawn with the adherent clot, after which the residual expressed serum is measured and the retraction evaluated.2. 222 double determinations performed on patients with normal blood gave an average difference of 2.3 per cent with a deviation range of ± 3.2 per cent which with an average value 52.6 for the retraction gives a variation coefficient of ± 6.0 per cent for the method.3. A comparison between the 2–hour and the 24–hour values showed that the latter are on an average somewhat higher, but the difference was not significant.4. Time studies of the retraction of capillary and vcnous blood showed that retraction in normal cases is complete after 120 but not after 90 minutes.5. In four cases of thrombocytopenia the method showed reduced retraction after two hours and as a rule also after 24 hours. The values were more irregular than in the normal series.
Hypoprothrombinemia in Penicillin Treatment of Acute Infections in Infants
Authors: AXTRUP STEM 
Published: January 2008

SUMMARY3 infants aged 1–5 months reacted to penicillin treatment with hypoprothrombinemia, 2 of them with hemorrhages. In 1 case the bleeding complication was so serious that it probably helped to cause death.
Sella turcica in obesity in children
Authors: MOSSBERG HANS‐OLOF 
Published: January 2008

SummaryIn the present paper the literature of the X‐ray picture of the sella turcica is surveyed with special reference to the method of determining its size. The normal size of the sella in children is shown in an own normal case‐material where the normal limits are statistically calculated. The correlation between the size of the hypophysis and the sella turcica is illustrated. After a short review of the literature concerning the sella in obese children and a classification of the obesity, there follows a description of the relation of the sella turcica to the different types of obesity. Cases of exogenous obesity appearing during the first years of life, and cases of obesity following various diseases, generally show small values of the sella turcica. A theory of the pituitary connection is advanced.
Experiences from operated cases of patent ductus arteriosus
Authors: MANNHEIMER EDGAR 
Published: January 2008

SummaryIt is nowadays possible to make a diagnosis of patent ductus arteriosus by means of the continuous murmur and itspunctum maximum over the pulmonary orifice this symptom being registrable in the phonocardiogram. It may, for various reasons be regarded as an established fact that these cases have a varying degree of latent insufficiency. This, together with certain social indications, has lead to proposed surgery in all cases of isolated patent ductus arteriosus. In Sweden, CRAFOORD has up till now operated on about seventy‐five cases. The following results are obtained from an after‐examination of thirty‐three of the forty cases included in the material from The Crown‐princess Lovisa's Children's Hospital. The surgical mortality rate equals one death. No recidivism occurred. All the objective and subjective symptoms of cardiac decompensation, consisting of slight cyanosis, dyspnoea, fatigue, etc., disappeared after operation. The patients' development is normal physically as well as mentally. No difference is ascertainable between them and their comrades with normal hearts. One case of septic endocarditis, with an observation period of only three months after operation, has, as far as is possible to judge, regained complete health.The Röntgen radiograms disclosed a considerable decrease in the heart Volume after the intervention.As a rule, the result of the hypoxia tolerance test, with 9 per cent of oxygen for 10 minutes, was positive before and negative after the operation. This indicates a normalization of the cardiac function.
Streptomycin in Miliary Tuberculosis and Tuberculous Meningitis
Authors: LICHTENSTEIN A. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryHematogenic tuberculosis can be healed by streptomycin. The author stresses the fact that up to now only about 10–15 % of the cases have been cured, that a number of factors concerning streptomycin still are obscure, that streptomycin is toxic and that its effect is mainly bacteriostatic.RésuméLa tuberculose hématogéne peut êre guérie par la streptomycine. L'auteur insiste sur le fait que jusqu'ici seulement 10* 15 % des cas ont été guéris, que nombres de facteurs concernant la streptomycine sont encore obscurs, que la streptomycine est toxique et que son effet est surtout bactérioststique.ZusammenfassungHaematogene Tuberkulose kann durch Streptomycin geheilt werden. Der Autor betont die Tatsache, dass bis jetzt ungefähr 10–15 % der Fälle geheilt wurden, dass in Bezug auf da.s Streptomycin eine Reihe Faktoren noch dunkel sind, dass Streptomycin toxisch und sein Effekt hauptsächlich bakteriostatisch ist.SumarioLa tuberculosis hematógena se puede curar mediante estreptomicina. El autor hace recalcar que entre el diez y el quince por ciento de los casos se han curado, que no se conocen bien todavía un gran núimero de factores relacionados con la estreptomicina, que la estreptomicina es tóxica y que sus efectos son principalmente bacteriostáticos.
The Significance of Chvostek's Symptom in Infants under Two Years of Age
Authors: MÖLLER KJELL L. , SÖDERLING BERTIL 
Published: January 2008

SummaryThe positive facial phenomenon or Chvostek's symptom is not infrequently demonstrable in infants and children under 2 years of age without any co‐existent symptoms suggestive of infantile tetany. The phenomenon may be elicited in unchanged form for many years. It thus seems as if its presence in the spasmophilic age may be of the same innocent nature as it is in older children. Neither does it seem to be pathognomonic of neuropathy.RésuméII n'est pas rare que ľon puisse constater le signe facial, ou symptôme Chvostek, chez des nourrissons ou des enfants au‐dessous de 2 ans, sans la coexistence de symptômes causés par la tétanie infantile. Le signe peut subsister de nombreuses années sous sa forme primitive, inchingée. II semble done que sa présence àľàge de la spasmophilic puisse être de la même nature anodine que chez les enfants plus àgés. II ne semble pas non plus ètre pathognomonique de la neuropathicZusammenfassungDas positive Facialisphänomen oder Ohvosteks Symptom kann relativ oft bei Säuglingen und Kindern unter 2 Jahren nachgewiesen werden ohne dass gleiehzeitig Symptome infantiler Tetanie vorhanden sind. Das Phänomen kann in unveränderter Form jahrelang bestehen bleiben. Es sclieint also das Vorhan‐densein desselben im Spasmophilic—Alter derselben harmlosen Natur zu sein wie bei älteren Kindern. Auch scheint es nicht pathognomonisch zu sein für eine Neuropathic.ResumenEl fenómeno positivo, facial, del síntoma de Chvostek se puede muchas veces observar en criaturas y niños de menos de 2 años de edad, sin ningún otro síntoma coexistente, sugestivo de tetania infantil. El fenómeno so puede edueir en forma inalte‐rada durante muchos años. Parece, por consiguiente, que su presencia durante la edad espasmofílica es de la misma naturaleza inofensiva que en niños de mayor edad. Tampoco parece ser patognomónico de neuropatia.
Foreign Bodies in the Esophagus with Symptoms Exclusively from the Air Passages
Authors: FABRITIUS H. FR. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryThe author reports on the cases of 2 children in whom large foreign bodies remained undetected in the esophagus for 2 1/2 and 3 months, respectively, despite repeated examinations. He points out that neither of the patients had noticeable difficulties in swallowing but that they presented almost exclusively symptoms from the respiratory tract. The symptoms were very confusing and thus involved diagnostic difficulties. The author discusses the two cases and among other things emphasizes the necessity of roentgenographic studies with contrast medium even for small children.RésuméL'auteur rapporte les cas de 2 enfants chez lesquels de gros corps étrangers sont restés inaperçus dans ľoesophages durant respectivement 2 1/2 et 3 mois malgré des examens réitérés. Aucun des patients n'avait de notables difficultés de déglutition mais ils présentaient presque exclusivement des symptømes des voies respiratoires. Les symptômes étaient très déconcertants, ils causaient des difficultés de diagnostic. ľauteur discute les 2 cas et indique, entre autres, la nécessité de radiographies avec »contrast medium » même chex les petits enfants.ZusammenfassungVerfasser berichtet über 2 Fälle, wo grosse Fremdkörper im Oesophagus durch 2 1/2 bzw. 3 Monate trotz wiederholter Unter‐suchungen nicht entdeckt wurden. Keiner der Patienten hatte bemerkenswerte Schluckbescliwerden sondern fast ausschliesslich Symptome von Seiten des Bespirationstraktes. Die Symptome waren so verwirrt, dass sie zu diagnostischen Schwierigkeiten führten. Der Autor weist nachdrücklicli auf die Notwendigkeit von Röntgenuntersuchungen mit Kontrastmittel auch bei Klein‐kindern hin.ResumenEl autor informa sobre 2 niños en los que los grandes cuerpos extraños quedaron sin descubrir en el esófago durante un tiempo de 21/2 meses a 3, respectivamente, a pesar de repetidos exámenes. Ninguno de los enfermos tenía dificultades de tragar, sino que tenían casi exclusivamente dificultades perceptibles en el conducto respiratorio. Los síntomas eran muy confusos y ocasionaban por esta razón dificultades al diagnosticar. El autor discute los dos casos y entre otras cosas recalca la necesidad de efectuar estudios roentgenográficos como medio de contraste también en los niños pequeños.
Fat Absorption Studies in Children. I Influence of Heat Treatment on Milk on Fat Retention by Premature Infants
Authors: SÖDERHJELM LARS 
Published: January 2008

SummaryA total of 98 fat balance studies varying from 3 to 7 days duration was made on 32 premature infants weighing at the beginning of the studies from 960 to 2 220 g. The fat content of diet varied from 2.6 to 7.8 g/kg/day and was supplied from breast milk, raw, frozen or heated at various temperatures for different intervals of time or from cow's milk, pasteurized, or subjected to heating at various temperatures for different periods. It is concluded that prematures retain breast milk fat to a remarkably high degree even though the breast milk has been frozen or subjected to various heat treatments. Premature infants do not retain fat from cow's milk as efficiently as they do human milk fat. The nature of the heat treatment of cow's milk did not influence the degree of retention.
Effect of Potassium Therapy in Severe Infantile Gastroenteritis
Authors: HALLMAN NIILO 
Published: January 2008

SummaryA study is made of 70 cases of severe infantile gastroenteritis; half of the patients were treated by subcutaneous administration of solutions containing potassium during the first few days of treatment, and the rest were given solutions free from potassium for a corresponding length of time. Therapy was similar in all other respects.Both groups are similar in regard to age, picture of the disease, duration prior to admission and alkali reserve at the begining of treatment.Of the 35 infants treated without potassium 15 died, compared with 7 in group treated with potassium. One of the former group had bronoho‐pneumonia discovered at autopsy. In the latter group one also had bronchopneumonia, one purulent meningitis, and another thrombosis of the sagittal sinus. If these cases, whose prognosis was obviously unaffected by the fluid therapy are excluded, the mortality rate of those treated without potassium was 41 per cent and for those treated with potassium 13 per cent. The recoveries belonging to the latter group showed on an average a more rapid gain in weight than patients treated without potassium.The advantage of potassium therapy is evidenced by the result.
Lntravascular Red Cell Aggregation in Erythroblastosis Foetalis
Authors: ZlLLlACUS H. , ARAJÄRVI T. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryThe blood stream in the small conjunctival vessels was observed in twelve cases of erythroblastosis foetalis with the aid of a stereoscopic‐microscope immediately after birth. Intravascular red cell aggregation was observed in all the immunized infants. No aggregation was observed in healthy newborn infants. The correlation between the blood values in the child and the degree of aggregation was such that, when the aggregation was pronounced the red cell and hemoglobin values were low. After a blood exchange, or in connection with a spontaneous improvement in the state of health, the red cell aggregation decreased proportionally as the blood values improved.The diagnostic and clinical significance of these observations is discussed.