bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of the prefrontal cortex in cocaine-induced noradrenaline release in the nucleus accumbens: a computational study
Authors: Carli Samuele , Schirripa Aurelia , Mirino Pierandrea , Capirchio Adriano , Caligiore Daniele 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Research has extensively explored the role of the dopaminergic system in the reward circuit, while the contribution of the noradrenergic system remains less understood. This study aims to fill this gap by employing computational modeling to examine how the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) influences cocaine-induced norepinephrine (NE) release in the nucleus accumbens shell (NAcc), with mediation by the nucleus of the tractus solitarius (NTS) and the locus coeruleus (LC). The model replicates previously reported data on NE release in the mPFC following cocaine administration. Additionally, it predicts that NE depletion in the mPFC affects NE release in the NAcc through interactions with the NTS and LC. This work proposes a system-level hypothesis, suggesting that the mPFC regulates NE release in the NAcc by modulating the LC and NTS. These findings enhance our understanding of the neurochemical response to cocaine and offer potential directions for future addiction treatments.
Supervised prehabilitation in patients scheduled for spinal surgery – a scoping review
Authors: Gränicher Pascale , Reicherzer Leah , Wanivenhaus Florian , Farshad Mazda , Spörri Jörg , Wirz Markus , Scherr Johannes 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background context
Prehabilitation before spinal surgery may enhance patients’ ability to withstand physical and mental stress during the perioperative period. It has the potential to reduce complications, accelerate recovery, and deliver sustainable, patient-relevant improvements. However, high-quality evidence remains limited, and it is unclear which prehabilitation concepts, training protocols, and outcomes are most effective for different patient groups.

Purpose
To evaluate the current state of research on preoperative interventions before spinal surgery, including the representation of subgroups, types of surgical procedures, and prehabilitation concepts. Additionally, it examines the outcomes analyzed and the methodologies employed in existing studies.

Study design
Scoping review based on a systematic literature search.

Methods
A comprehensive database search in MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE (Ovid), CINAHL (EBSCO), Cochrane Library, Physiotherapy Evidence Database, Web of Science and Scopus was conducted. Exercise- and/or education-based prehabilitation concepts were identified, and findings were clustered and summarized according to PRISMA reporting standards.

Results
Thirty-six reports from 23 studies (50% RCTs), evaluating prehabilitation programs in terms of feasibility, experiences, and effects on physical performance, self-reported function, pain, psychological outcomes and health-economic factors were included. These studies encompassed 2,964 participants scheduled for spinal surgery and reported a wide range of preoperative interventions, settings, and adherence rates. Prehabilitation focused primarily on education (87%) and exercise (35%), either independently or in combination. Most authors have concluded that preoperative interventions benefit patients awaiting spinal surgery, particularly by improving self-reported function, disability, and pain in both the short and long term. However, the findings also highlight the variability in outcomes, strengths, limitations, and recommendations across studies. Notably, 76% of the authors advocated for preoperative preparation, emphasizing the importance of structured, personalized programs and the need for further large-scale clinical trials.

Conclusion
Based on the current evidence, preparation for spinal surgery is recommended, provided that it is individualized, multimodal, and interdisciplinary, and addresses patients’ specific impairments, resources, and expectations. Future research should focus on identifying subgroups defined by biopsychosocial risk factors that may influence short- and long-term perioperative outcomes.
Anatomy of the diaphragmatic crura and other paraspinal structures relevant to en-bloc spondylectomy for lumbar spine tumours
Authors: Khadanovich Anhelina , Beneš Michal , Kaiser Radek , Reynolds Jeremy , Mawhinney Gerard , Štulík Jan , Kachlík David 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Introduction
En-bloc spondylectomy in the lumbar spine is a challenging procedure mainly due to a complex prevertebral anatomy. The aim of our study is to describe the anatomy of the diaphragmatic crura and surrounding vascular and neural structures which may be iatrogenically injured during the surgical resection.

Materials and methods
Ten embalmed specimens were meticulously dissected. Widths of the diaphragmatic crura, abdominal aorta, cisterna chyli, thoracic duct, sympathetic trunks, and inferior vena cava as well as their distances from the midline were measured at nine levels (L1 to L4 vertebra and adjacent intervertebral discs).

Results
The right crus was attached to the L2–L4 vertebral bodies and L2/3 intervertebral disc, while the left crus inserted onto L1–L3 vertebrae. The thoracic duct arose commonly at the level of L2 vertebra and overlaid the right crus at the L3 vertebra and L2/3-disc levels. The cisterna chyli was present in 70% of specimens and overlapped with the left crus at the same levels. Both sympathetic trunks emerged underneath the crura at the L1/2 discs or L1 vertebra level. The aorta overlapped with the crura at all levels.

Conclusion
The L3 level appears to be the riskiest for spondylectomy due to the overlap of both diaphragmatic crura with the thoracic duct and cisterna chyli, respectively. Spondylectomy at the L2 level also brings the risk of lymphatic structures injury while injury to the left sympathetic trunk may be the main issue at the L1 level.
Sleeve basal segmentectomy with pulmonary artery division for lung cancer: how to do it
Authors: Yutaka Yojiro , Ryo Taiki , Date Hiroshi 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Sleeve segmentectomy was originally developed to preserve the lung volume in patients who were unable to tolerate lobectomy. We herein report an immunocompromised patient with potentially curable peripheral squamous cell carcinoma in whom sleeve basal segmentectomy was performed for a 1.8-cm tumor with endobronchial growth that occluded B7 and invaded the inlet of the middle lobar bronchus and B6. To provide sufficient surgical exposure for complex double-barrel reconstruction after segmentectomy, A6 was divided and reconstructed after the anastomosis was complete. This technique may be applicable to other peripheral bronchial reconstructions to minimize blood flow disruption to bronchial anastomosis.
Identification of CD66c as a potential target in gastroesophageal junction cancer for antibody–drug conjugate development
Authors: Zhang Peng , Tao Changjuan , Xie Hanfei , Yang Liu , Lu Ye , Xi Yun , Yao Shili , Yuan Li , Guo Peng , Cheng Xiangdong 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) cancer exhibits unique biological characteristics and currently lacks specific targeted therapies. Given the clinical efficacy of antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) in solid tumor treatment, we aimed to identify a novel ADC target and suitable payload for GEJ-targeted therapy.

Methods
In this study, we conducted bioinformatic analyses of multi-omics data, including transcriptomics, proteomics, and phosphoproteomics, to identify CD66c as a promising ADC target for GEJ cancer. We then engineered a CD66c-directed antibody–drug conjugate (CD66c-DXd) incorporating a GGFG linker. The preclinical efficacy of CD66c-DXd was determined in multi GEJ xenograft models.

Results
Proteomic analyses of 103 cases of GEJ cancer revealed that CD66c expression was significantly higher in tumoral tissues compared to normal tissues. Proteomic and phosphoproteomic analyses identified deruxtecan (DXd) as a potentially potent payload for ADCs targeting GEJ cancer. Furthermore, high CD66c expression in GEJ was associated with a significantly lower proportion of plasma cells. The drug-to-antibody ratio (DAR) of CD66c-DXd was determined to be 3.6. CD66c-DXd effectively and selectively ablated multiple human GEJ cell lines (OE-19, OE33 and SK-GT-4) without affecting non-malignant cells (GES-1) in vitro. Eventually, CD66c-DXd mediated potent and durable tumor regression in vivo with excellent safety profiles.

Conclusions
This preclinical study provides a strong rationale for the further development of CD66c-DXd as promising therapeutic candidates to treat advanced GEJ cancer. Additionally, the study demonstrates the robustness of the multi-omics data in identifying novel potential ADC targets and payloads.
Interventionitis in the Criminal Justice System: Three English Cases
Authors: Stevens Alex , Schreeche-Powell Ed , Billingham Luke , Irwin-Rogers Keir 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This article highlights the problem it names as ‘interventionitis’; the tendency of policymakers to treat enduring, systemically generated problems with limited interventions that are insufficient or inappropriate for the intended improvement. We outline three typical features of interventionitis; overconfidence in these quick fixes, the iatrogenic effect of unintended harms caused by such interventions, and the focus on surface-level rather than systemic change. We then present three cases of interventionitis in the contemporary criminal justice system of England and Wales: the placement of police officers in schools, drug testing on arrest, and the peer-led induction programme in prisons. We support an alternative approach that adds consideration of inequalities, institutions and interactions alongside interventions. Interventionitis can be observed across the English and Welsh criminal justice system. It limits the prospects for taking steps to reduce the harms caused by crime and its control.
The Effect of Environmental Protection Expenditures on Industrial Employment in Sweden
Authors: Amjadi Golnaz , Bostian Moriah , Lindström Hanna , Lundgren Tommy , Vesterberg Mattias 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In this paper, we empirically investigate how environmental protection expenditures affect sector-level employment within manufacturing industries, using detailed firm-level data for Sweden for the years 2002–2021. We use a structural model that allows for a decomposition of the total employment effect of environmental protection expenditures within a sector into a cost effect, a factor shift effect, and a demand effect. We add to previous literature by using instrumental variables in our empirical framework, to account for endogenous environmental spending stemming from, e.g., corporate social responsibility and self-regulation. Our results reveal that increased environmental protection expenditures generally have no statistically significant effect on employment among the sectors studied, with the paper and pulp sector being the exception, showing non-negligible negative effects on employment.
Cohort profile: The BiCoVac cohort - a nationwide Danish cohort to assess short and long-term symptoms following COVID-19 vaccination
Authors: Jensen Christina Bisgaard , Hansen Kristoffer Torp , Nielsen Casper Mailund , Hansen Stefan Nygaard , Nielsen Henrik , Rask Charlotte Ulrikka , Fink Per , Dantoft Thomas Meinertz , Jørgensen Torben , Bech Bodil Hammer , Thysen Sanne Møller , Rytter Dorte 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
BiCoVac is a population-based Danish cohort aiming to examine whether Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines are associated with non-specific symptoms beyond the specific protection of COVID-19. Data were collected by four questionnaire surveys between May 2021 and July 2022 and the questionnaire distribution was aligned with the Danish COVID-19 vaccination program. All surveys collected self-reported information on symptoms (e.g., headache, nausea, and fatigue). The baseline survey additionally gathered information on lifestyle and health. Survey data were combined with data from the Danish registers including information on COVID-19 vaccination and COVID-19 test results. A total of 911,613 (25% of all Danish citizens aged 16 to 65) were randomly sampled for the cohort and 252,401 initiated the baseline questionnaire. Of these, 59% (n = 149,070) participated in the 1st follow-up, 43% (n = 107,655) in the 2nd follow-up, and 25% (n = 63,737) in the 3rd follow-up. Women and individuals above 40 years of age were more likely to participate. Among vaccinated respondents, 25–38% reported moderate to severe immediate symptoms following COVID-19 vaccination, varying by vaccine doses. Females, younger individuals, and those with prior COVID-19 reported more immediate symptoms. Results of potential non-specific symptoms following COVID-19 vaccination did not reveal higher risk of involuntary movements among vaccinated individuals compared to unvaccinated individuals. Currently (December 2024), we are further investigating the effects of COVID-19 vaccines on other non-specific symptoms and exploring whether specific characteristics render some individuals more susceptible to report non-specific symptoms. In addition, long-term symptoms following COVID-19 are being investigated.
Forerunners vs. latecomers—institutional competition in the German federalism during the COVID crisis
Authors: Breide Lukas , Budzinski Oliver , Grebel Thomas , Mendelsohn Juliane 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
During the COVID-19 pandemic, political competition among the premiers of Germany’s 16 federal states intensified, with leaders striving to position themselves as proactive forerunners in managing the crisis. This paper examines the timing and determination of these state leaders in announcing, legislating, and enforcing COVID-19 policies, with attention to regional contexts and specific determinants influencing their actions. Utilizing multiple distinct databases, we conduct a survival analysis to assess each state’s political response in relative terms. Our findings reveal that state leaders who were early advocates in public announcements and discourse did not necessarily lead in formal legislation or enforcement of COVID-19 measures. This study provides a nuanced view of political competition in crisis governance, highlighting the divergence between political rhetoric and tangible policy action across Germany’s federal landscape.
Exploring the Attending and Interpretation of Three Science and Engineering Practices Among Secondary Science Teachers
Authors: Huang Yuxi , Luft Julie A. , Tran Hong H. , Deluca Joseph J. , Pavez José M. , Whitworth Brooke A. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This study explored secondary science teachers’ attending and interpretation of three science and engineering practices (SEPs) occurring in a classroom setting. This data were further examined to see if teaching experience and disciplinary area influenced the secondary science teachers attending and interpretation of the SEPs. The data collection process involved having teachers talk about the science instruction they viewed in short videos. The videos highlighted three SEPs: developing and using models, analyzing and interpreting data, and engaging in argument from evidence (see NGSS Lead States, 2013). A mixed-method analysis was used to examine the responses of teachers. From this analysis, there were four important conclusions. First, most science teachers struggled to provide full descriptions of the SEPs in the videos. Second, being able to describe an SEP, at least partially, often coincided with a higher level of interpretation of the SEP. Third, the disciplinary area of the teachers did not pose a barrier in their ability to point out and talk about an SEP. Fourth, preliminary evidence suggested that new science teachers had more sophisticated discussions about the SEPs than their experienced science teacher counterparts. This study found evidence that science teachers are still building their knowledge of the SEPs, attending and interpretation are connected, and that attending and noticing of the SEPs may not be content specific. These findings have implications for the ongoing learning of teachers.
Clinical validation of the Standardized Patient Evaluation of Eye Dryness Questionnaire in European Portuguese in a non-clinical sample
Authors: Ramalho Eva , Soares Ivo , Brardo Francisco Miguel , Nunes Amélia Fernandes 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Introduction
The aim of this study is to determine the best cut-off value for the Standardized Patient Evaluation of Eye Dryness Portuguese version questionnaire and verify possible differences between the questionnaire score and different age groups.

Methods
The clinical validation of the Standardized Patient Evaluation of Eye Dryness Portuguese version was performed by completing this and the Ocular Surface Disease Index in Portuguese version questionnaire, in 180 volunteers (68.9% female), with an age range of 19–96 years.

Results
An excellent degree of reliability was found between the Standardized Patient Evaluation of Eye Dryness Portuguese version and the Ocular Surface Disease Index Portuguese version questionnaires (Cronbach’s Alpha = 0.824). The Receiver Operating Characteristic curve analysis revealed a cut-off of 8 points (Sensitivity of 71.2% and Specificity of 71%). Furthermore, the area under the curve of the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve was 0.813, indicating that Standardized Patient Evaluation of Eye Dryness Portuguese version questionnaire is a good diagnostic tool and interchangeable with the Ocular Surface Disease Index questionnaire.

Conclusion
The Standardized Patient Evaluation of Eye Dryness Portuguese version questionnaire is a reliable tool for the detection of dry eye symptoms in the Portuguese population with a broad age range.
Emotional Regulation in Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders Treatment: A Systematic Review
Authors: Chrétien Samuel , Giroux Isabelle , Smith Isabelle , Jacques Christian , Ferland Francine , Sévigny Serge , Bouchard Stéphane 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Emotions play an undeniable role in addictive disorders. Given the high relapse and drop-out rates still prevalent in current treatments, it is crucial to explore curative alternatives that take greater account of emotions. The primary objective of this systematic review is to gather literature related to emotion regulation in psychological addictive disorders treatments. The aim is to describe its use for individuals with behavioral (such as gambling disorder, problematic Internet gaming, and Internet addiction) or substance-related disorders. Following a screening of nearly 12,000 articles from six databases and the grey literature, 38 studies that met the selection criteria were included. The results show that 63.2% of the studies had a psychological treatment predominantly based on emotional regulation, with 81.6% (n = 31) of third-wave cognitive-behavioral interventions. The most frequently utilized intervention techniques for emotional regulation were those that facilitated an individual's awareness of their emotional state or provided psychological education to assist in identifying emotions. It would be valuable for future research to explore the most effective content for emotional regulation in treating substance-related and addictive disorders and to determine the specific client population that would benefit the most from this treatment.
Single Step Depolymerization of Multiple Polyesters in Poly(Lactic Acid) Mixed Plastics: Process Optimization, Pure Monomers Extraction and Kinetics Evaluation
Authors: Attallah Olivia A. , Palkova Vasilisa , Vij Ria 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Nowadays, most of the chemical recycling approaches for plastic waste aim primarily for the depolymerization of single polymer plastics or the multiple steps depolymerization of a plastic mixture which in both cases is considered time, cost and energy consuming. Herein, we present an optimized, single step approach for non-catalyzed hydrolysis of multiple polyesters in Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) mixed plastics under mild conventional heating. The proposed depolymerization process simultaneously breaks down plastic polyesters (mainly PLA and polyethylene terephthalate (PET)) into their value-added monomers; lactic acid in the form of Ca lactate and terephthalic acid (TPA) which are further separated and purified in a reduced number of steps. Box-Behnken Design was employed to maximize the conversion of plastics and the yields of the produced monomers through optimization of the depolymerization and monomer extraction conditions, all while adhering to the green chemistry principles. Within 30 min, and at 85 ⁰C temperature, the proposed hydrolysis technique facilitated 83–100% conversion of various PLA products (PLA Polymaker fibers (containing PLA, PET and other additives), PLA pellets and postconsumer PLA cups) into 763.8-929.6 mg/gplastic Ca lactate and 51.5 mg/gplastic TPA if PET was present. The proposed non-catalyzed process followed first order reaction kinetics with a small activation energy of 78.92 kJ/mol, resulting in an acceptable total energy consumption of 176.0 kJ/gplastic. The obtained monomers’ identity and purity were confirmed by FTIR analysis. Additionally, the waste reagents produced during the depolymerization and monomer extraction processes were regenerated for reuse in another cycle of depolymerization while maintaining good performance. The developed approach offers an economically attractive and ecologically sustainable solution for energy and cost-efficient recycling and upcycling of post-consumer plastic waste containing PLA combined with other polyesters.
Spectroscopic studies of molecules in sol-gel silica monoliths and thin films
Authors: Zink Jeffrey I. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This article about sol-gel research in North America is focused on transparent sol-gel silica monoliths and nano-structured thin films containing encapsulated molecules. The research was a collaborative effort carried out at the University of California Los Angeles (UCLA). Our research was focused on two goals: using optical spectroscopy to understand the chemical and physical changes occurring during the sol to the xerogel transformation; and using spectroscopy to understand what was happening to the molecules themselves after encapsulation. The first section is a brief discussion of molecular probes used to monitor in real time the hydrolysis, condensation, gelation and drying of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) formed in optical cuvettes. In the second section, we introduce dip coating of one hundred nanometer thin films and methods for measuring thickness and chemical changes in real time during film pulling. We include surfactant templated mesostructured films and real time observation of the structure development. Third, we design molecules to add to the initial sol such that they are placed in specific regions of the ordered structure of the templated film. We describe spectroscopic methods that prove their placement and use pairs of molecules for physical studies including intermolecular energy transfer. Finally, we describe “gentle” synthesis methods for encapsulating enzymes and other proteins that retain their optical and enzymatic properties. Spectroscopy provided quantitative information about the sol-gel processes, enzymatic activity, and optical sensor applications.

Graphical Abstract