bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regulation of protein synthesis in Y‐organs of the blue crab (Callinectes sapidus): involvement of cyclic AMP
Authors: Han Deug‐Woo , Patel Nimisha , Douglas Watson R. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractPaired Y‐organs secrete ecdysteroid hormones that control cycles of growth and molting in crustaceans. Y‐Organs are regulated, at least in part, by molt‐inhibiting hormone (MIH), a polypeptide produced and released by the X‐organ/sinus gland complex of the eyestalks. In the present studies, crab (Callinectes sapidus) Y‐organs were incubated in vitro in the presence of [35S]methionine, and cyclic nucleotide analogs or experimental agents that influence the cAMP signaling pathway. In 4‐hr incubations, 8‐Br‐cAMP and db‐cAMP (but not 8‐Br‐cGMP) suppressed incorporation of [35S]methionine into Y‐organ proteins; the effect of 8‐Br‐cAMP was concentration‐dependent. Autoradiograms of radiolabeled Y‐organ proteins separated on SDS‐PAGE gels indicated the effect of 8‐Br‐cAMP was general (as opposed to selective) suppression of protein synthesis. Addition of both forskolin (an adenylyl cyclase activator) and 3‐isobutyl‐1‐methylxanthine (a phosphodiesterase inhibitor) likewise suppressed incorporation of [35S]methionine into Y‐organ proteins. Cycloheximide (a protein synthesis inhibitor) suppressed incorporation of [35S]methionine into Y‐organ proteins and secretion of ecdysteroids. The combined results suggest that cAMP is involved in regulation of protein synthesis in C. sapidus Y‐organs. We are currently investigating the link of protein synthesis to ecdysteroid production, and the possibility of cross‐talk between cAMP and other cellular signaling pathways in Y‐organs. J. Exp. Zool. 305A:328–334, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The tactile‐stimulated startle response of tadpoles: acceleration performance and its relationship to the anatomy of wood frog (Rana sylvatica), bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana), and American toad (Bufo americanus) tadpoles
Authors: Eidietis Laura 
Published: February 2006

AbstractI described the tactile‐stimulated startle response (TSR) of wood frog (Rana sylvatica), bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana), and American toad (Bufo americanus) tadpoles. One purpose was to rank species in terms of maximum acceleration performance. Also, I tested whether anatomical indicators of performance potential were predictive of realized performance. TSRs were elicited in a laboratory setting, filmed at 250 Hz, and digitally analyzed. TSRs began with two, initial body curls during which tadpoles showed a broad spectrum of movement patterns. TSR performance was quantified by maximum linear acceleration and maximum rotational acceleration of the head/body, both of which tended to occur immediately upon initiation of motion (<0.012 sec into the response). Bullfrog tadpoles had higher maximum acceleration than the other species, but other interspecific differences were not significant. The species' rank order for the anatomical indicator of linear acceleration potential was bullfrog>wood frog>American toad. The species' rank order for the anatomical indicator of rotational acceleration potential was bullfrog>wood frog=American toad. Thus, the anatomical indicators roughly predicted the rank order of interspecific average performance. However, the anatomical indicators did not correlate with individual tadpole performance. Variability in behavioral patterns may obscure the connection between anatomy and performance. This is seen in the current lack of intraspecific correlation between a morphological indicator of acceleration capacity and acceleration performance. J. Exp. Zool. 305A:348–362, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Carbohydrate management, anaerobic metabolism, and adenosine levels in the armoured catfish, Liposarcus pardalis (castelnau), during hypoxia
Authors: Maccormack Tyson James , Lewis Johanne Mari , Almeida‐Val Vera Maria Fonseca , Val Adalberto Luis , Driedzic William Robert 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThe armoured catfish, Liposarcus pardalis, tolerates severe hypoxia at high temperatures. Although this species can breathe air, it also has a strong anaerobic metabolism. We assessed tissue to plasma glucose ratios and glycogen and lactate in a number of tissues under “natural” pond hypoxia, and severe aquarium hypoxia without aerial respiration. Armour lactate content and adenosine in brain and heart were also investigated. During normoxia, tissue to plasma glucose ratios in gill, brain, and heart were close to one. Hypoxia increased plasma glucose and decreased tissue to plasma ratios to less than one, suggesting glucose phosphorylation is activated more than uptake. High normoxic white muscle glucose relative to plasma suggests gluconeogenesis or active glucose uptake. Excess muscle glucose may serve as a metabolic reserve since hypoxia decreased muscle to plasma glucose ratios. Mild pond hypoxia changed glucose management in the absence of lactate accumulation. Lactate was elevated in all tissues except armour following aquarium hypoxia; however, confinement in aquaria increased armour lactate, even under normoxia. A stress‐associated acidosis may contribute to armour lactate sequestration. High plasma lactate levels were associated with brain adenosine accumulation. An increase in heart adenosine was triggered by confinement in aquaria, although not by hypoxia alone. J. Exp. Zool. 305A:363–375, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Development of scale‐free climate data for Western Canada for use in resource management
Authors: Wang T. , Hamann A. , Spittlehouse D. L. , Aitken S. N. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractApplying climate data in resource management requires matching the spatial scale of the climate and resource databases. Interpolating climate data in mountainous regions is difficult. In this study, we present methodology to generate scale‐free climate data through the combination of interpolation techniques and elevation adjustments. We apply it to monthly temperature and precipitation normals for 1961–90 produced by the Parameter‐elevation Regressions on Independent Slopes Model (PRISM) for British Columbia, Yukon Territories, the Alaska Panhandle, and parts of Alberta and the United States. Equations were developed to calculate biologically relevant climate variables including various degree‐days, number of frost‐free days, frost‐free period, and snowfall from monthly temperature and precipitation data. Estimates of climate variables were validated using an independent dataset from weather stations that were not included in the development of the model. Weather station records generally agreed well with estimated climate variables and showed significant improvements over original PRISM climate data. A stand‐alone MS Windows application was developed to perform all calculations and to integrate future climate predictions from various global circulation models. We demonstrate the use of this application by showing how climate change may affect lodgepole pine seed planning zones for reforestation in British Columbia. Copyright © 2006 Royal Meteorological Society.
Entwicklung eines Universal Tractor Transmission Oil (UTTO) auf Basis nachwachsender Rohstoffe
Authors: Kunz A. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractIn einem staatlich geförderten Forschungsvorhaben wurde die zweite Generation einer umweltfreundlichen Flüssigkeit für Fahrzeuge mit nur einem Ölhaushalt für Getriebe und Hydraulik entwickelt, welches zu ca. 75 % aus Rapsöl besteht. Die Rahmenbedingungen des Vorhabens sowie die der Neuentwicklung zugrunde liegenden Absichten und Ziele werden ebenso erläutert wie die Gründe, die zu diesem einzigartigen Schmierstoffkonzept führten. Die Eigenschaften der neuen Flüssigkeit werden anhand der experimentellen Untersuchungen deren Resultate erläutert. Die Diskussion auf Basis des Vergleichs von Ergebnissen mit BIO‐HY‐GARD II sowie Paralleltests mit Referenzflüssigkeiten ermöglicht die Beurteilung des Leistungsvermögens unterschiedlicher Schmierstofftechnologien und erlaubt auch eine Beurteilung der mit der Neuentwicklung erzielten Fortschritte.
Anforderungen an eine ganzheitliche Ingenieurauslegung beim optimierten Verbinden von Bauteilen
Authors: Friedrich C. , Bohlender T. , Koch D. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractAm Beispiel Schraubenverbindung wird gezeigt, wie eine Dimensionierung im Vorfeld so optimiert werden kann, dass Unsicherheiten im nachfolgenden Produktlebenszyklus minimiert werden. Aspekte sind die Berücksichtigung von Streuungen, die genaue Einbeziehung der späteren Montagevorschrift, die Verknüpfung von analytisch und numerisch ermittelten Ergebnissen, die Beachtung von Winkelabweichungen sowie die Reduzierung des Dimensionierungsaufwandes durch eine effektive Softwareunterstützung. Berechnungsbeispiele mit numerischen Ergebnissen bestätigen die Aussagen.
Deposition Temperature Effect on the Structure and Optical Property of RF‐PACVD‐Derived Hydrogenated SiCNO Film
Authors: Zhou Y. , Yan X. , Kroke E. , Riedel R. , Probst D. , Thissen A. , Hauser R. , Ahles M. , von Seggern H. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractAmorphous hydrogenated silicon oxocarbonitride (SiCNO:H) films have been deposited by plasma‐assisted chemical vapour deposition (PACVD) using bis(trimethylsilyl)carbodiimide (BTSC) as a single source precursor in a argon (Ar) radio‐frequency plasma. In this work the SiCNO:H films deposited at different deposition temperatures were studied in terms of deposition rate, refractive index, surface roughness, microstructure, and chemical composition including bonding state. The results showed that a higher deposition temperature enhanced the formation of Si‐N bonds, and disfavoured the formation of N=C=N, Si‐NCN, C‐H and Si‐CH3 bonds. A higher deposition temperature also decreased the deposition rate and increased the refractive index of the resulting SiCNO:H film. With increasing temperature a denser film was formed, indicating a change of the deposition mechanism, i.e., transformation from particle precipitation to heterogeneous surface reaction. Except for the coatings deposited at room temperature, the surface of the films was smooth with a roughness of around 4 nm at the centre in the range of 5 μm x 5 μm area. Moreover, the films contained 8 ∼ 16 at.% oxygen bonded to Si, which originated from the remnant H2O in the deposition chamber.
On one generalization of a DiPerna and Majda theorem
Authors: Kałamajska Agnieszka 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThe weak limits of sequences {f(uν)}ν∈ℕ where uν's are vector‐valued µ‐measurable functions defined on a compact set Ω and f is (possibly) discontinuous are investigated. As shown by the author (J. Conv. Anal. (to appear)), they are described in terms of integral formulae involving parametrized measures independent of f, similarly as in the classical theorem by Young and its generalization due to DiPerna and Majda. In the present paper we describe the supports of the involved parametrized measures. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Relaxed sequencing games have a nonempty core
Authors: Slikker Marco 
Published: February 2006

AbstractWe study sequencing situations with a fixed initial order and linear cost functions. Cost savings can be obtained by rearranging jobs. Next to finding an optimal order, an additional issue is formed by the division of these savings. Cooperative game theory studies this issue. A common assumption states that cooperation between players is restricted to groups that are connected according to the initial order. The value of disconnected groups is defined additively over their connected components. In this paper we allow players in disconnected coalitions to switch places as long as they do not hurt the players not in the coalition under consideration. The resulting games are called relaxed sequencing games. Although they have been studied before, no general results on stable profit divisions have been derived so far. In this paper we prove that relaxed sequencing games have a nonempty core, i.e., they all have stable profit divisions. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2006
Distributed XML‐based network management using JPVM
Authors: Sirajuddin Shaik , Sqalli Mohammed H. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThe proliferation of the Internet and related applications has led to an increasing need for a more efficient and scalable network management framework. As the size of networks increases, more challenges are presented to network managers. One of these challenges is how to distribute the management tasks to achieve efficiency and scalability. In this paper, we present a framework using JPVM to distribute the management work among multiple gateways. We compare the performance of this approach and that of the single gateway approach. Both approaches are DOM‐based. Our findings show that the parallel approach can considerably reduce the response time for requesting the management information from multiple devices. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multilevel fault tolerance in infrastructure‐oriented wireless networks: framework and performance evaluation
Authors: Varshney Upkar , Malloy Alisha D. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractSignificant advances have been made in the design and implementation of dependable systems and networks over the last several years. However, many wireless networks have not been designed for highly dependable operation owing to network cost and complexity, and a lack of regulatory requirements on wireless service quality. One way to address this significant challenge is by introducing fault tolerance; however, very limited work has been done so far in the fault‐tolerant design of wireless networks. In this paper, we address how to utilize fault tolerance in the design of infrastructure‐oriented wireless networks. More specifically, an architectural design scheme is presented for multilevel fault tolerance using adaptable building blocks. The scheme utilizes ‘selective’ redundancy at component, link and block levels and a fault‐tolerant architecture for interconnection of building blocks. The design scheme has been implemented in both analytical and simulation models. The detailed performance results show that fault tolerance at component, link, block, and interconnection levels can significantly improve the overall dependability performance. One interesting observation is that, to achieve highest dependability, fault tolerance at link, component or block level is not sufficient and must be combined with the interconnection level fault‐tolerance. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development of critical thinking in occupational therapy students
Authors: Velde Beth P. , Wittman Peggy P. , Vos Paul 
Published: February 2006

AbstractDo students who use the Guided Reciprocal Peer Questioning (GRPQ) method increase their ability to think critically? When compared to students in a traditional senior seminar course, the results of this study indicated no significant difference between the groups regarding changes in scores on the California Critical Thinking Skills Test. However, the students in the experimental group asked more questions labelled as critical thinking than the seminar control group. These findings suggest the use of the GRPQ may improve students' skills in asking questions that include application, analysis, and synthesis. Future research regarding the role of questions in stimulating critical analysis and the role of context in the learning environment is warranted. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A pilot study of the activity patterns of five elderly persons after a housing adaptation
Authors: Niva Bernt , Skär Lisa 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThe importance of an accessible home environment for occupational performance has been emphasized in occupational therapy, but knowledge about how accessibility can affect a person's activity patterns is limited. The purpose of this study was to describe the activity patterns of five elderly persons aged between 70 and 84 years and their views about accessibility and usability of their homes before and after a housing adaptation. Two different questionnaires, ‘Accessibility in My Home’ and the ‘Occupational Questionnaire’ were used for data collection. Adaptations in the home included: removing thresholds, installing new taps in the bathroom and kitchen and broadening doorways. After the adaptations the five participants reported that they increased their outside activities, reduced naps during the day and slept better at night. The results showed that the participants performed more and new activities when their home environment had become accessible. Activities performed were also perceived as more important after the housing adaptation. There is a need to replicate the study with a larger sample. Further research is needed on the impact of home adaptations on the activity patterns of elderly people. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons. Ltd
Patientenindividuelle Zytostatikazubereitung: Platinkomplexe in der (Krankenhaus‐)Apotheke
Authors: Warnke Ulrich 
Published: February 2006

AbstractPlatinkomplexe spielen in der zentralen Zytostatikazubereitung der Apotheke eine wesentliche Rolle. Wenn auch die Herstellung applikationsfertiger Infusionslösungen der drei in der Therapie befindlichen Platinkomplexe Cisplatin, Carboplatin und Oxaliplatin aus Fertigarzneimitteln keine große technologische Herausforderung darstellt, so ist doch ein umfangreiches Wissensspektrum nicht zuletzt über die Supportivtherapie aller drei Komplexe Voraussetzung für eine adäquate pharmazeutische Therapiebegleitung durch die Apotheke. Hier kann sich die Apotheke als pharmazeutischer Dienstleister etablieren und Mitverantwortung für eine optimale Arzneimitteltherapie der Patienten übernehmen.
Medizinische Chemie der Platinkomplexe: Besonderheiten anorganischer Zytostatika
Authors: Ott Ingo , Gust Ronald 
Published: February 2006

AbstractPlatinkomplexe entfalten ihre Wirkung durch kovalente Bindung an die DNA. Bei den Platinkomplexen werden derzeit fünf Verbindungen (Cisplatin, Carboplatin, Oxaliplatin, Satraplatin und Nedaplatin) therapeutisch verwendet. Diese unterscheiden sich im Wesentlichen in der Reaktivität gegenüber der DNA, wofür wiederum die kinetischen Eigenschaften der jeweiligen Abgangsgruppen hauptverantwortlich zeichnen. Klinisch zeigen die Komplexe ein unterschiedlich ausgeprägtes Aktivitäts‐ und Nebenwirkungsspektrum. Oxaliplatin ist zudem auch bei Cisplatin‐ und Carboplatin‐resistenten Tumoren wirksam und die Platin(IV)‐Verbindung Satraplatin stellt den ersten peroral verabreichbaren Platinkomplex in der Tumortherapie dar.
Cisplatin und seine Analoga: Übersicht über den Entwicklungsstatus und klinischen Einsatz
Authors: Voigt Wieland , Dietrich Andrea , Schmoll Hans‐Joachim 
Published: February 2006

AbstractÜber 25 Jahre nach der Einführung von Platinkomplexen als aktive Zytostatika in die klinische Onkologie haben diese auch heute weiterhin einen festen Stellenwert in der zum Teil kurativ orientierten Chemotherapie verschiedener solider Tumoren. Die Muttersubstanz Cisplatin wurde bereits 1978 in die klinische Praxis eingeführt. Seitdem ist sie unter anderem in der kurativen Therapie von Hodentumoren ein Eckpfeiler. Zusätzlich wird Cisplatin in der Therapie u.a. von Blasen‐, Zervix‐, Kopf‐Hals‐, Ösophagus‐ und kleinzelligem Bronchialkarzinom eingesetzt.
Pharmazeutische Betreuung von Krebspatienten: Der Patient im Mittelpunkt
Authors: Westfeld Martina , Jaehde Ulrich 
Published: February 2006

AbstractAn den ausgewählten Beispielen wird deutlich, dass der Apotheker durch die Pharmazeutische Betreuung einen wichtigen Beitrag im Rahmen einer Chemotherapie mit Alkylanzien und Metallkomplexen, aber auch anderer Zytostatika, leisten kann. Im Vordergrund seiner Tätigkeit steht dabei die Verbesserung oder Erhaltung der Lebensqualität durch eine Optimierung der Supportivtherapie. Das Selbstmanagement des Patienten kann zudem durch Informationen zu komplementären Therapieoptionen gestärkt werden. In einer Reihe von Projekten wird derzeit der Nutzen der Pharmazeutischen Betreuung von Krebspatienten wissenschaftlich untersucht. Auf Grundlage der Ergebnisse können die bestehenden Betreuungsansätze kontinuierlich weiterentwickelt werden.
Dosis‐Individualisierung in der Krebs‐Chemotherapie: Zytostatika maßgeschneidert dosieren
Authors: Jaehde Ulrich , Kloft Charlotte 
Published: February 2006

AbstractTrotz großer Anstrengungen existieren nur für wenige Zytostatika geeignete Strategien zur Dosis‐Individualisierung. Hier besteht nicht nur weiterer Forschungsbedarf. Vor allem muss Überzeugungsarbeit geleistet werden, dass eine bessere Individualisierung zur Wirksamkeit und Sicherheit einer Chemotherapie einen wichtigen Beitrag leisten kann. Beispiele für eine erfolgreiche Anwendung individueller Dosierungsstrategien stellen die Substanzen Carboplatin, Methotrexat, Busulfan und Mercaptopurin dar. Diese Beispiele zeigen, dass in jedem Einzelfall entschieden werden muss, ob sich pharmakokinetische, pharmakodynamische oder pharmakogenetische Ansätze am Besten eignen.
Glufosfamid – ein neues Lost‐Derivat: Perfektes Drug‐Targeting
Authors: Holzgrabe Ulrike 
Published: February 2006

AbstractTumorhemmende Platinverbindungen und bifunktionelle Alkylanzien üben ihre Wirkung mehr oder weniger unselektiv durch die Vernetzung von DNA‐Strängen aus. Ziel einer jeden Neuentwicklung auf dem Gebiet ist es, selektiv nur die Tumorzellen zu treffen. Im Sinne eines Drug‐Targetings hat man deshalb beim Glufosfamid an den aktiven Metaboliten des Ifosfamids einen D‐Glucoserest gehängt.
Wie wirkt Paracetamol? Ein weiterer Mosaikstein zum Wirkmechismus
Authors: Holzgrabe Ulrike 
Published: February 2006

AbstractSchon lange wird über den Wirkmechanismus des Analgetikums Paracetamol spekuliert. COX1 und COX2, die durch die nicht‐steroidalen Analgetika blockiert werden, kamen bisher als Wirkort für Paracetamol nicht in Frage. Vor einigen Jahren kam die COX3 ins Gespräch, diese Hypothese konnte aber nicht endgültig bestätigt werden.
Gentechnisch veränderte Erbse in der Diskussion
Authors: Bosch H. , Jentsch D. , Kremmer E. , Kuhn A. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractKürzlich geriet eine “Gen‐Erbse” in die Schlagzeilen: Verändert um resistent gegen den Erbsenkäfer zu sein, induzierte sie bei Mäusen, die diese Erbse gefressen hatten, eine Immunreaktion.
Second‐trimester prenatal screening for trisomy 21 using biochemical markers: a 7‐year experience in one cytogenetic laboratory
Authors: Marical Hélène , Douet‐Guilbert Nathalie , Bages Karine , Collet Michel , Le Bris Marie‐Josée , Morel Frédéric , De Braekeleer Marc 
Published: February 2006

AbstractBackgroundScreening for trisomy 21 in the second trimester of pregnancy using biochemical markers is an established part of prenatal care in many developed countries.ObjectiveThe present study was aimed at determining the incidence of trisomy 21 and other chromosomal abnormalities in women undergoing prenatal chromosome analysis after a second‐trimester biochemical screening.ResultsA total of 2832 karyotypes were analyzed following a positive second‐trimester maternal serum screening (risk ≥ 1/250) between 1998 and 2004. Thirty‐nine cases of trisomy 21 and 40 other chromosomal abnormalities were detected. The positive predictive value was 1 in 73 karyotypes for trisomy 21 and 1 in 71 for the other chromosomal abnormalities. However, a temporal decline in the dection rate of trisomy 21 was noted, from 1/63 in 1998 to 1/221 in 2004. This change was attributable to an increasing number of pregnant women having first‐trimester ultrasound nuchal translucency measurement.ConclusionGiven the fact that nuchal translucency measurement combined with first‐trimester biochemical marker screening has a positive predictive value of trisomy 21 comparable to that obtained following second‐trimester biochemical screening, we should question whether to move trisomy 21 screening by maternal serum markers from the second trimester to the first trimester in conjunction with nuchal translucency measurement. Furthermore, genetic counseling prior to the amniocentesis should discuss the relatively high probability that a chromosomal abnormality other than trisomy 21 may be identified. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.