bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of swallowing and feeding: Prenatal through first year of life
Authors: Delaney Amy L. , Arvedson Joan C. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe development of feeding and swallowing involves a highly complex set of interactions that begin in embryologic and fetal periods and continue through infancy and early childhood. This article will focus on swallowing and feeding development in infants who are developing normally with a review of some aspects of prenatal development that provide a basis for in utero sucking and swallowing. Non‐nutritive sucking in healthy preterm infants, nipple feeding in preterm and term infants, and selected processes of continued development of oral skills for feeding throughout the first year of life will be discussed. Advances in research have provided new information in our understanding of the neurophysiology related to swallowing, premature infants' sucking and swallowing patterns, and changes in patterns from preterm to near term to term infants. Oral skill development as texture changes are made throughout the second half of the first year of life is an under studied phenomenon. Knowledge of normal developmental progression is essential for professionals to appreciate differences from normal in infants and children with feeding and swallowing disorders. Additional research of infants and children who demonstrate overall typical development in oral skills for feeding is encouraged and will provide helpful reference points in increasing understanding of children who exhibit differences from typical development. It is hoped that new technology will provide noninvasive means of delineating all phases of sucking and swallowing from prenatal through infancy. Further related topics in other articles of this issue provide a comprehensive review of factors influencing oral intake, growth, nutrition, and neurodevelopmental status of children. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Dev Disabil Res Rev 2008;14:105–117.
Extracellular adenosine 5′‐triphosphate elicits the expression of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor exon IV mRNA in rat astrocytes
Authors: Takasaki Ichiro , Takarada Satoko , Tatsumi Saori , Azegami Aiko , Yasuda Makoto , Fukuchi Mamoru , Tabuchi Akiko , Kondo Takashi , Tabuchi Yoshiaki , Tsuda Masaaki 
Published: July 2008

AbstractA growing body of recent evidence indicates that ATP plays an important role in neuronal–glial communications. In this study, the authors demonstrated that extracellular ATP elicits the gene expression of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), especiallyBDNFexon IV mRNA, in primary cultured rat cortical astrocytes but not in neurons. To investigate the mechanism by which ATP inducesBDNFexon IV mRNA expression, the authors used immortalized astrocyte cell line RCG‐12. ATP dose‐dependently increased the expression ofBDNFexon IV mRNA and activatedBDNFpromoter IV. P2Y receptor agonists (ADP and 2MeS‐ADP) but not a P2X receptor agonist (αβMeATP) induced the expression ofBDNFexon IV mRNA. Moreover, ATP‐inducedBDNFexon IV mRNA upregulation was inhibited by a P2Y antagonist (MRS2179) but not by P2X antagonists (TNP‐ATP and PPADS). These findings suggest the involvement of P2Y receptors in the ATP‐induced transcription of theBDNFgene. Among the signal transduction inhibiters examined in this study, intracellular Ca2+chelator (BAPTA‐AM) and Ca2+/calmodulin‐dependent kinase (CaM kinase) inhibitors (KN‐93 and W‐7) attenuated ATP‐inducedBDNFexon IV mRNA upregulation. ATP transiently induced the phosphorylation of cAMP‐responsive element‐binding protein (CREB). ATP‐induced CREB phosphorylation was repressed by P2Y antagonists, BAPTA‐AM, and CaM kinase inhibitors. Overexpression of dominant negative CREB mutants reduced the activation ofBDNFpromoter IV and attenuated the upregulation ofBDNFexon IV mRNA expression. These results suggest that ATP induces BDNF expression through P2Y receptor followed by the activation of CaM kinase and CREB in astrocytes. These mechanisms are likely to contribute to the enhancement of neuronal–glial networks. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Estimating cerebral oxygen metabolism from fMRI with a dynamic multicompartment Windkessel model
Authors: Huppert Theodore J. , Allen Monica S. , Diamond Solomon G. , Boas David A. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractStimulus evoked changes in cerebral blood flow, volume, and oxygenation arise from responses to underlying neuronally mediated changes in vascular tone and cerebral oxygen metabolism. There is increasing evidence that the magnitude and temporal characteristics of these evoked hemodynamic changes are additionally influenced by the local properties of the vasculature including the levels of baseline cerebral blood flow, volume, and blood oxygenation. In this work, we utilize a physiologically motivated vascular model to describe the temporal characteristics of evoked hemodynamic responses and their expected relationships to the structural and biomechanical properties of the underlying vasculature. We use this model in a temporal curve‐fitting analysis of the high‐temporal resolution functional MRI data to estimate the underlying cerebral vascular and metabolic responses in the brain. We present evidence for the feasibility of our model‐based analysis to estimate transient changes in the cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2) in the human motor cortex from combined pulsed arterial spin labeling (ASL) and blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) MRI. We examine both the numerical characteristics of this model and present experimental evidence to support this model by examining concurrently measured ASL, BOLD, and near‐infrared spectroscopy to validate the calculated changes in underlying CMRO2. Hum Brain Mapp 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
SV40 large T antigen‐transformed human primary normal and cancerous mammary epithelial cells are phenotypically similar but can be distinguished in 3D culture with selection medium
Authors: Li Liangping , Willimsky Gerald , Seitz Susanne , Xu Yaxin , Li Yongping , Schwarz Lope Estevez , Schlag Peter M. , Blankenstein Thomas 
Published: July 2008

AbstractHuman normal mammary epithelial cells (NMECs) have 2 major in vitro growth restrictions, senescence and crisis. Cellular immortalization is considered a hallmark of malignancy. However, cancerous mammary epithelial cells (CMECs) that are thought to have passed growth barriers in vivo usually cannot be established long‐term in vitro. Here we show that CMECs deprived of their natural environment and grown in conventional complete medium behave similar to NMECs, e.g., they stop producing telomerase and become senescent. Like NMECs, CMECs are rescued by SV40 large T (LT) from senescence but not from crisis. The telomere length of both LT‐transformed NMEC (N‐LT) and CMEC (C‐LT) cells first shortens but later partially recovers after telomerase activation. Both cell types upregulate ErbB2 expression, acquire genetic changes, remain long‐term dependent on LT and ErbB2 and are nontumorigenic. Despite these similarities, N‐LT and C‐LT cells cultured in selection medium show different growth characteristics in 3D culture and in vivo tumorigenesis. Thus, CMECs are under a comparable in vitro selective pressure in conventional monolayer culture as NMECs despite their in vivo malignancy. This data demonstrate that most primary breast cancer cells are still unable to overcome the in vitro growth restrictions and suggest that the relationship of in vitro immortalization and in vivo carcinogenesis should be re‐evaluated. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Genomic copy number alterations as predictive markers of systemic recurrence in breast cancer
Authors: Hwang Ki‐Tae , Han Wonshik , Cho Jihyoung , Lee Jong Won , Ko Eunyoung , Kim Eun Kyu , Jung So‐Youn , Jeong Eun‐Mi , Bae Ji‐Yeon , Kang Jason J. , Yang Song‐Ju , Kim Sung‐Won , Noh Dong‐Young 
Published: July 2008

AbstractWe tried to establish models that predict systemic recurrence in breast cancer by selecting marker clones with DNA copy number alterations (CNAs) using an array comparative genomic hybridization (CGH). Array CGH containing 4,044 human bacterial artificial chromosome clones was used to assess CNAs in 62 primary breast cancer tissues from 31 patients with systemic recurrence within 5 years after surgery and clinicopathologically well matched 31 patients who had no evidence of disease for at least 5years. Fourteen significant clones (11 clones showing gain and 3 showing loss) were identified by systemic recurrence‐free survival (SRFS) analysis and 23 significant clones (17 clones showing gain and 6 showing loss) identified by χ2 test and FDR test were selected as predictive markers of systemic breast cancer recurrence. The significant CNAs were found in the chromosomal regions of 5p15.33, 11q13.3, 15q26.3, 17q25.3, 18q23 and 21q22.3 with gain and 9p12, 11q24.1 and 14q32.33 with loss. We devised 2 prediction models for the systemic recurrence of breast cancer based on the 14 clones and the 23 clones, respectively. The survivals of the patients were significantly separated according to the scores from each model at the optimal cut off values in SRFS and overall survival analysis. We found candidate clones and genes of which CNAs were significantly associated with systemic recurrence of breast cancer. The devised prediction models with these clones were effective at differentiating the recurrence and nonrecurrence. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Huntington CAG repeat size does not modify onset age in familial Parkinson's disease: The GenePD study
Authors: McNicoll Christopher F. , Latourelle Jeanne C. , MacDonald Marcy E. , Lew Mark F. , Suchowersky Oksana , Klein Christine , Golbe Lawrence I. , Mark Margery H. , Growdon John H. , Wooten G. Frederick , Watts Ray L. , Guttman Mark , Racette Brad A. , Perlmutter Joel S. , Ahmed Anwar , Shill Holly A. , Singer Carlos , Saint‐Hilaire Marie H. , Massood Tiffany , Huskey Karen W. , DeStefano Anita L. , Gillis Tammy , Mysore Jayalakshmi , Goldwurm Stefano , Pezzoli Gianni , Baker Kenneth B. , Itin Ilia , Litvan Irene , Nicholson Garth , Corbett Alastair , Nance Martha , Drasby Edward , Isaacson Stuart , Burn David J. , Chinnery Patrick F. , Pramstaller Peter P. , Al‐Hinti Jomana , Moller Anette T. , Ostergaard Karen , Sherman Scott J. , Roxburgh Richard , Snow Barry , Slevin John T. , Cambi Franca , Gusella James F. , Myers Richard H. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe ATP/ADP ratio reflects mitochondrial function and has been reported to be influenced by the size of the Huntington disease gene (HD) repeat. Impaired mitochondrial function has long been implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD), and therefore, we evaluated the relationship of the HD CAG repeat size to PD onset age in a large sample of familial PD cases. PD affected siblings (n = 495), with known onset ages from 248 families, were genotyped for the HD CAG repeat. Genotyping failed in 11 cases leaving 484 for analysis, including 35 LRRK2 carriers. All cases had HD CAG repeats (range, 15–34) below the clinical range for HD, although 5.2% of the sample (n = 25) had repeats in the intermediate range (the intermediate range lower limit = 27; upper limit = 35 repeats), suggesting that the prevalence of intermediate allele carriers in the general population is significant. No relation between the HD CAG repeat size and the age at onset for PD was found in this sample of familial PD. © 2008 Movement Disorder Society
Longitudinal psychometric attributes, responsiveness, and importance of change: An approach using the SCOPA‐Psychosocial questionnaire
Authors: Martínez‐Martin Pablo , Carod‐Artal Francisco Javier , da Silveira Ribeiro Luciola , Ziomkowski Sofia , Vargas Antonio Pedro , Kummer Wladimir , Mesquita Hudson Mourão 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe objective of this study was to illustrate the analysis of longitudinal validity, responsiveness, and importance of change, using the SCOPA‐Psychosocial Questionnaire (SCOPA‐PS) as a source of empirical data. Sixty‐seven patients with PD in Hoehn and Yahr (HY) stage 2 were followed up for 1 year and assessed by means of the Schwab and England Scale, Unified PD Rating Scale (UPDRS), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), PDQ‐39, and SCOPA‐PS. A range of methods was applied to enable each of the target attributes to be analyzed from different conceptual stances. The SCOPA‐PS displayed satisfactory acceptability (no floor or ceiling effect), internal consistency (α = 0.80–0.84), convergent validity (rS = 0.70–0.82 with PDQ‐39), and precision (SEM = 8.80), both at baseline and at the end of follow‐up. The threshold value for significant change ranged from 17.25 (1.96 SEM) to 24.39 (Smallest real difference and Reliable change index). Threshold values for a clinically meaningful change were 0.73–1.26 (effect size, standardized response mean, responsiveness statistic). Change in SCOPA‐PS scores correlated strongly with change in total UPDRS, HADS, and PDQ‐39 scores, and reliably detected 70% of cases that worsened according to the PDQ‐39. The minimally important change (MIC) for “minimally impaired” patients as per the PDQ39 was 8.30–9.10 points. Indices such as 1.96 SEM, effect size, and correlation with the change in other measures provide useful information about different concepts of responsiveness. The MIC should be determined for each specific setting, using distribution‐ and anchor‐based methods. The SCOPA‐PS showed satisfactory longitudinal attributes and responsiveness in stage‐2 Brazilian patients with PD across 1 year of follow‐up. © 2008 Movement Disorder Society
Theoretical investigation of the effects of consolidation on contaminant transport through clay barriers
Authors: Lewis T. W. , Pivonka P. , Smith D. W. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractConsolidation of clayey contaminant barriers such as landfill liners has been postulated as a cause of early breakthrough of contaminants. In this paper we theoretically investigate this proposition. For this purpose a sophisticated one‐dimensional, large‐deformation model of coupled mechanical consolidation and solute transport is employed. This new model is a generalization of existing coupled consolidation and solute transport models described in the literature. It takes into account both non‐linearities in geometry as well as constitutive relations. The latter relate the compressibility, hydraulic conductivity and coefficient of effective diffusivity to the deformation of the soil. The model is applied to a case study of a clay liner and geomembrane system. Results obtained from numerical solution of the model equations are compared with those from various simplified models, including a ‘diffusion only’ (i.e. a rigid soil) model traditionally used in contaminant barrier design. For barriers incorporating low compressibility soils (as for many well compacted clays), there is little difference between contaminant transit (i.e. breakthrough) times predicted by the two models. However, for contaminant barriers incorporating more compressible soils, consolidation is shown to significantly accelerate transport. These results indicate the potential importance of accounting for the effects of soil consolidation and highlight the limitations of existing models when modelling solute transport through composite barriers utilizing soft soils. Based on these limited results, we suggest a possible way of taking into account soil consolidation using simplified models. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A generalized procedure to identify three‐dimensional rock blocks around complex excavations
Authors: Yu Q. , Ohnishi Y. , Xue G. , Chen D. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThis paper presents a generalized procedure for the identification of rock blocks formed by finite‐sized fractures around complex excavations. It was assumed that the study domain could be partitioned into a finite number of subdomains, where each either was, or could be, approximated by a convex polyhedron, and the fractures were finite in size and disc shaped and were defined using the location of the disc center, orientation, radius, cohesion coefficient, and friction angle. These may be either deterministic fractures obtained from a field survey or random fractures generated by stochastic modeling. In addition, the rock mass could be heterogeneous; i.e. the rock matrix and individual fractures could have different parameters in different parts. The procedure included: (1) partitioning of the model domain into convex subdomains; (2) removing noncontributive fractures. A fracture was deemed contributive when it played a part in block formation; i.e. it formed at least one surface with some of the blocks; (3) decomposing the subdomains into element blocks with fractures; (4) restoring the infinite fractures to finite discs; and (5) assembling the modeling domain. Our procedure facilitates robust computational programming, and is flexible in dealing with the problem of a complex study domain and with rock heterogeneity. A computer code was developed based on the algorithm developed in this study. The algorithm and computer program were verified using an analytical method, and were used to solve the problem of block prediction around the underground powerhouse of the Three Gorges Project. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thermal reservoir modeling in petroleum geomechanics
Authors: Yin Shunde , Dusseault Maurice B. , Rothenburg Leo 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThermal oil recovery processes involve high pressures and temperatures, leading to large volume changes and induced stresses. These cannot be handled by traditional reservoir simulation because it does not consider coupled geomechanics effects. In this paper we present a fully coupled, thermal half‐space model using a hybrid DDFEM method. A finite element method (FEM) solution is adopted for the reservoir and the surrounding thermally affected zone, and a displacement discontinuity method is used for the surrounding elastic, non‐thermal zone. This approach analyzes stress, pressure, temperature and volume change in the reservoir; it also provides stresses and displacements around the reservoir (including transient ground surface movements) in a natural manner without introducing extra spatial discretization outside the FEM zone. To overcome spurious spatial temperature oscillations in the convection‐dominated thermal advection–diffusion problem, we place the transient problem into an advection–diffusion–reaction problem framework, which is then efficiently addressed by a stabilized finite element approach, the subgrid‐scale/gradient subgrid‐scale method. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Least‐square support vector machine applied to settlement of shallow foundations on cohesionless soils
Authors: Samui Pijush , Sitharam T. G. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThis paper examines the potential of least‐square support vector machine (LSVVM) in the prediction of settlement of shallow foundation on cohesionless soil. In LSSVM, Vapnik's ε‐insensitive loss function has been replaced by a cost function that corresponds to a form of ridge regression. The LSSVM involves equality instead of inequality constraints and works with a least‐squares cost function. The five input variables used for the LSSVM for the prediction of settlement are footing width (B), footing length (L), footing net applied pressure (P), average standard penetration test value (N) and footing embedment depth (d). Comparison between LSSVM and some of the traditional interpretation methods are also presented. LSSVM has been used to compute error bar. The results presented in this paper clearly highlight that the LSSVM is a robust tool for prediction of settlement of shallow foundation on cohesionless soil. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Particle shape effect on macro‐ and micro‐behaviors of monodisperse ellipsoids
Authors: Ng Tang‐Tat 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe microscopic and macroscopic behaviors of assemblages of monodisperse ellipsoids with different particle shapes were studied using the discrete element method. Four samples were created with 1170 identical prolate ellipsoids. The samples were compressed isotropically to 100 kPa. Then triaxial compression tests were carried out to very large strains until the ultimate state was reached. This paper presents typical macroscopic result including stress–strain relationship and volumetric behavior. In addition, the fabric of the samples was examined at the initial state, at the peak shear strength state, and at the ultimate state. We studied the evolution of three vector‐typed micromechanical arguments with strain including the particle orientation, branch vector, and normal contact force. The normal contact force (micromechanical argument) was found to have a direct relationship with the principal stress ratio (macroscopic parameter). The angles between these vectors were also investigated. The maximum angle between vectors is related to particle shape. The results indicate that the distributions and the maximum values of these angles do not change with loading. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
OpenRSM: a lightweight integrated open source remote management solution
Authors: Karalis Y. , Kalochristianakis M. N. , Kokkinos P. , Varvarigos E. A. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe management of the corporate information technology (IT) environment is rapidly increasing in complexity as server logic architecture becomes more distributed and the number of entities deployed increases, forcing enterprises to resort to thick, complex and expensive high‐end integrated systems and network management solutions. Investing in such systems can be inefficient for small and medium corporations, since the vast majority of management tasks performed are routine tasks, while personnel specialization requirements and costs are high. At the same time, the open source community has not yet produced a reliable and complete system and network management solution. Even though there are open source initiatives specializing in specific fields of remote management, such as network management, there has been no integrated open source solution yet. This paper introduces the Open Source Remote Systems Management (OpenRSM) platform. OpenRSM is an integrated remote management system created by integrating individual specialized open source management initiatives and significantly augmenting them to support additional functionality, so that a complete lightweight system and network management solution is produced. The system implemented facilitates daily management by providing an efficient, simple and adaptable environment for the majority of management operations. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A generalized LSQR algorithm
Authors: Reichel Lothar , Ye Qiang 
Published: July 2008

AbstractLSQR is a popular iterative method for the solution of large linear system of equations and least‐squares problems. This paper presents a generalization of LSQR that allows the choice of an arbitrary initial vector for the solution subspace. Computed examples illustrate the benefit of being able to choose this vector. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fluid–structure interaction by the discontinuous‐Galerkin method for large deformations
Authors: Wang Hongwu , Belytschko Ted 
Published: July 2008

AbstractA discontinuous‐Galerkin method for large deformation fluid–structure interaction problems is developed. The fluid–structure interface can be arbitrarily aligned relative to the fluid grid. An Eulerian description is used for the fluid with a Lagrangian description of the solid. Results are presented for several examples that show excellent agreement with immersed/fictitious element methods. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.