bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Allogeneic Marrow Stem-Cell Transplantation From Human Leukocyte Antigen–Identical Siblings Versus Human Leukocyte Antigen–Allelic–Matched Unrelated Donors (10/10) in Patients With Standard-Risk Hematologic Malignancy: A Prospective Study From the French Society of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cell Therapy
Authors: Yakoub-Agha Ibrahim , Mesnil Florence , Kuentz Mathieu , Boiron Jean Michel , Ifrah Norbert , Milpied Noel , Chehata Sami , Esperou Helene , Vernant Jean-Paul , Michallet Mauricette , Buzyn Agnes , Gratecos Nicole , Cahn Jean Yves , Bourhis Jean Henri , Chir Zina , Raffoux Colette , Socié Gerard , Golmard Jean Louis , Jouet Jean-Pierre 
Published: November 2006

Purpose To investigate the influence of donor type (human leukocyte antigen [HLA] -identical sibling donor versus HLA-A–, HLA-B–, HLA-Cw–, HLA-DRB1–, and HLA-DQB1–identical unrelated donors, or so-called 10/10) on the outcome of patients who underwent allogeneic stem-cell transplantation (alloSCT), adjusting for other prognostic factors, in patients with standard-risk hematologic malignancy. Patients and Methods Between March 2000 and January 2003, we prospectively investigated the outcome of 236 consecutive patients with standard-risk malignancy from 12 French centers. Fifty-five patients underwent alloSCT from an unrelated HLA-identical donor at the allelic level, whereas 181 patients received an alloSCT from an HLA-identical sibling. Diagnoses included acute leukemia (n = 175), chronic myeloid leukemia (n = 43), and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS; n = 18). All patients received unmodified marrow graft following myeloablative conditioning with cyclophosphamide and total-body irradiation. Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis consisted of cyclosporine and short-course methotrexate in all patients. Results In multivariable analysis, overall survival and transplantation-related mortality were adversely influenced by recipient cytomegalovirus (CMV) -positive serology, age of donor older than 37 years, and the occurrence of acute grade ≥ II GVHD. Event-free survival rates were lower for patients with recipient CMV-positive serology. Acute grades II to IV GVHD rates were higher for patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). No factor was found to influence either relapse or acute grades III to IV GVHD. The effect of donor type was nonsignificant for all criteria. Conclusion In patients with standard-risk malignancy, transplantation from unrelated HLA-allellically matched donors led to outcomes similar to those from HLA-identical sibling donors.
Is Cytarabine Useful in the Treatment of Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia? Results of a Randomized Trial From the European Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia Group
Authors: Adès Lionel , Chevret Sylvie , Raffoux Emmanuel , de Botton Stephane , Guerci Agnes , Pigneux Arnaud , Stoppa Anne Marie , Lamy Thierry , Rigal-Huguet Francoise , Vekhoff Anne , Meyer-Monard Sandrine , Maloisel Frederic , Deconinck Eric , Ferrant Augustin , Thomas Xavier , Fegueux Nathalie , Chomienne Christine , Dombret Herve , Degos Laurent , Fenaux Pierre 
Published: November 2006

Purpose Several phase II studies have suggested that cytarabine (AraC) was not required in the treatment of newly diagnosed acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) patients receiving all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA), an anthracycline, and maintenance therapy, and we aimed at confirming this finding in a randomized trial. Patients and Methods Newly diagnosed APL patients younger than age 60 years with a WBC count of less than 10,000/μL were randomly assigned to receive either ATRA combined with and followed by three daunorubicin (DNR) plus AraC courses and a 2-year maintenance regimen (AraC group) or the same treatment but without AraC (no AraC group). Patients older than age 60 years and patients with initial WBC count of more than 10,000/μL were not randomly assigned but received risk-adapted treatment, with higher dose of AraC and CNS prophylaxis in patients with WBC counts more than 10,000/μL. Results Overall, 328 (96.5%) of 340 patients achieved complete remission (CR). In the AraC and the no AraC groups, the CR rates were 99% and 94% (P = .12), the 2-year cumulative incidence of relapse (CIR) rates were 4.7% and 15.9% (P = .011), the event-free survival (EFS) rates were 93.3% and 77.2% (P = .0021), and survival rates were 97.9% and 89.6% (P = .0066), respectively. In patients younger than age 60 years with WBC counts more than 10,000/μL, the CR, 2-year CIR, EFS, and survival rates were 97.3%, 2.9%, 89%, and 91.9%, respectively. Conclusion These results support a role for AraC in addition to ATRA and anthracyclines in the treatment of newly diagnosed APL, at least using DNR at the cumulative dose we used and with the consolidation and maintenance regimens we used.
Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma: The Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center Prognostic Model
Authors: Abrey Lauren E. , Ben-Porat Leah , Panageas Katherine S. , Yahalom Joachim , Berkey Brian , Curran Walter , Schultz Christopher , Leibel Steven , Nelson Diana , Mehta Minesh , DeAngelis Lisa M. 
Published: November 2006

Purpose The purpose of this study was to analyze prognostic factors for patients with newly diagnosed primary CNS lymphoma (PCNSL) in order to establish a predictive model that could be applied to the care of patients and the design of prospective clinical trials. Patients and Methods Three hundred thirty-eight consecutive patients with newly diagnosed PCNSL seen at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC; New York, NY) between 1983 and 2003 were analyzed. Standard univariate and multivariate analyses were performed. In addition, a formal cut point analysis was used to determine the most statistically significant cut point for age. Recursive partitioning analysis (RPA) was used to create independent prognostic classes. An external validation set obtained from three prospective Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) PCNSL clinical trials was used to test the RPA classification. Results Age and performance status were the only variables identified on standard multivariate analysis. Cut point analysis of age determined that patients age ≤ 50 years had significantly improved outcome compared with older patients. RPA of 282 patients identified three distinct prognostic classes: class 1 (patients < 50 years), class 2 (patients ≥50; Karnofsky performance score [KPS] ≥ 70) and class 3 (patients ≥ 50; KPS < 70). These three classes significantly distinguished outcome with regard to both overall and failure-free survival. Analysis of the RTOG data set confirmed the validity of this classification. Conclusion The MSKCC prognostic score is a simple, statistically powerful model with universal applicability to patients with newly diagnosed PCNSL. We recommend that it be adopted for the management of newly diagnosed patients and incorporated into the design of prospective clinical trials.
Errors of Omission in English‐Speaking Children's Production of Plurals and the Past Tense: The Effects of Frequency, Phonology, and Competition
Authors: Matthews Danielle E. , Theakston Anna L. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractHow do English‐speaking children inflect nouns for plurality and verbs for the past tense? We assess theoretical answers to this question by considering errors of omission, which occur when children produce a stem in place of its inflected counterpart (e.g., saying “dress” to refer to 5 dresses). A total of 307 children (aged 3;11–9;9) participated in 3 inflection studies. In Study 1, we show that errors of omission occur until the age of 7 and are more likely with both sibilant regular nouns (e.g., dress) and irregular nouns (e.g., man) than regular nouns (e.g., dog). Sibilant nouns are more likely to be inflected if they are high frequency. In Studies 2 and 3, we show that similar effects apply to the inflection of verbs and that there is an advantage for “regular‐like” irregulars whose inflected form, but not stem form, ends in d/t. The results imply that (a) stems and inflected forms compete for production and (b) children generalize both product‐oriented and source‐oriented schemas when learning about inflectional morphology.
Decision Making and Confidence Given Uncertain Advice
Authors: Lee Michael D. , Dry Matthew J. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractWe study human decision making in a simple forced‐choice task that manipulates the frequency and accuracy of available information. Empirically, we find that people make decisions consistent with the advice provided, but that their subjective confidence in their decisions shows 2 interesting properties. First, people's confidence does not depend solely on the accuracy of the advice. Rather, confidence seems to be influenced by both the frequency and accuracy of the advice. Second, people are less confident in their guessed decisions when they have to make relatively more of them. Theoretically, we develop and evaluate a type of sequential sampling process model—known as a self‐regulating accumulator—that accounts for both decision making and confidence. The model captures the regularities in people's behavior with interpretable parameter values, and we show its ability to fit the data is not due to excessive model complexity. Using the model, we draw conclusions about some properties of human reasoning under uncertainty.
Phonological Abstraction in the Mental Lexicon
Authors: McQueen James M. , Cutler Anne , Norris Dennis 
Published: November 2006

AbstractA perceptual learning experiment provides evidence that the mental lexicon cannot consist solely of detailed acoustic traces of recognition episodes. In a training lexical decision phase, listeners heard an ambiguous [f–s] fricative sound, replacing either [f] or [s] in words. In a test phase, listeners then made lexical decisions to visual targets following auditory primes. Critical materials were minimal pairs that could be a word with either [f] or [s] (cf. English knife–nice), none of which had been heard in training. Listeners interpreted the minimal pair words differently in the second phase according to the training received in the first phase. Therefore, lexically mediated retuning of phoneme perception not only influences categorical decisions about fricatives (Norris, McQueen, & Cutler, 2003), but also benefits recognition of words outside the training set. The observed generalization across words suggests that this retuning occurs prelexically. Therefore, lexical processing involves sublexical phonological abstraction, not only accumulation of acoustic episodes.
Pictures and Spoken Descriptions Elicit Similar Eye Movements During Mental Imagery, Both in Light and in Complete Darkness
Authors: Johansson Roger , Holsanova Jana , Holmqvist Kenneth 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThis study provides evidence that eye movements reflect the positions of objects while participants listen to a spoken description, retell a previously heard spoken description, and describe a previously seen picture. This effect is equally strong in retelling from memory, irrespective of whether the original elicitation was spoken or visual. In addition, this effect occurs both while watching a blank white board and while sitting in complete darkness. This study includes 4 experiments. The first 2 experiments measured eye movements of participants looking at a blank white board. Experiment 1 monitors eye movements of participants on 2 occasions: first, when participants listened to a prerecorded spoken scene description; second, when participants were later retelling it from memory. Experiment 2 first monitored eye movements of participants as they studied a complex picture visually, and then later as they described it from memory. The second pair of experiments (Experiments 3 and 4) replicated Experiments 1 and 2 with the only difference being that they were executed in complete darkness. This method of analysis differentiated between eye movements that are categorically correct relative to the positions of the whole eye gaze pattern (global correspondence) and eye movements that are only locally correct (local correspondence). The discussion relates the findings to the current debate on mental imagery.
STEPS: A probabilistic precipitation forecasting scheme which merges an extrapolation nowcast with downscaled NWP
Authors: Bowler Neill E. , Pierce Clive E. , Seed Alan W. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractAn ensemble‐based probabilistic precipitation forecasting scheme has been developed that blends an extrapolation nowcast with a downscaled NWP forecast, known as STEPS: Short‐Term Ensemble Prediction System. The uncertainties in the motion and evolution of radar‐inferred precipitation fields are quantified, and the uncertainty in the evolution of the precipitation pattern is shown to be the more important. The use of ensembles allows the scheme to be used for applications that require forecasts of the probability density function of areal and temporal averages of precipitation, such as fluvial flood forecasting—a capability that has not been provided by previous probabilistic precipitation nowcast schemes. The output from a NWP forecast model is downscaled so that the small scales not represented accurately by the model are injected into the forecast using stochastic noise. This allows the scheme to better represent the distribution of precipitation rate at spatial scales finer than those adequately resolved by operational NWP. The performance of the scheme has been assessed over the month of March 2003. Performance evaluation statistics show that the scheme possesses predictive skill at lead times in excess of six hours. © Crown copyright, 2006.
Observed mass transports accompanying upstream orographic blocking during MAP IOP8
Authors: Bousquet Olivier , Smull Bradley F. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractA mass budget within a domain of 200 km×300 km encompassing the western end of the Po river valley in northern Italy is performed to examine the relative contributions of the multiple sources of moist airflow in the formation of precipitation for a case of strong upstream blocking observed during Intensive Observing Period eight (IOP8) of the Mesoscale Alpine Programme (MAP). Results of this mass budget, made possible by horizontally extensive Doppler radar observations covering this upstream region, reveal that the bulk of the blocked easterly flow undergoes widespread (i.e. mesoscale) slow ascent over a region of relatively flat terrain, and is ultimately lifted to a level at which it can apparently be entrained into the overriding (unblocked) southerly component flow. As a result, the occurrence of profound orographic blocking did not preclude a portion of this low‐level air from ultimately surmounting the high Alpine crest. The contribution to this broad mesoscale circulation of smaller‐scale downslope flows observed within multiple deep Alpine river drainages is also investigated, by computing observed mass transports emerging from the mouths of several valleys surrounding the Lago Maggiore region. Overall, the down‐valley flow is shown to be a relatively minor contributor to the low‐level mesoscale transports within the Po basin, but, nonetheless, one which is important to obtain mass balance in these budget computations. Copyright © 2006 Royal Meteorological Society
Stratiform precipitation production over sub‐Saharan Africa and the tropical East Atlantic as observed by TRMM
Authors: Schumacher Courtney , Houze Robert A. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractConvective systems over sub‐Saharan Africa and the tropical East Atlantic have distinct geographical and seasonal variations in convective intensity and stratiform precipitation production as observed by the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Precipitation Radar. Over the East Atlantic, convective rain rates are lower and the percentage of total rain that is stratiform is higher compared to over West Africa. In addition, the East Atlantic has more shallow precipitating convection and less non‐precipitating anvil than sub‐Saharan Africa. During the monsoon season, convective rain rates and the percentage of area covered by anvil decrease while the stratiform rain fraction and number of shallow convective cells increase in both regions compared to the pre‐monsoon season. These observations suggest that convective sustainability, i.e. the ability of a region to continually support convection, helps determine whether a robust stratiform rain area or non‐precipitating anvil forms.In addition to convective sustainability, wind shear and the Saharan Air Layer appear to play important roles in the formation and extent of the stratiform components of convective cloud systems. Strong winds associated with the African Easterly Jet and dry intrusions from the Sahara Desert may increase sublimation and evaporation at mid levels, resulting in less stratiform rain. Strong upper‐level shear associated with the African Easterly Jet may further hinder stratiform rain production by displacing hydrometeors that form in the convective cells beyond the area of mesoscale rain formation. When the upper‐level Tropical Easterly Jet strengthens during the monsoon season, upper‐level shear is reduced dramatically and stratiform rain areas form in preference to non‐raining anvil. Copyright © 2006 Royal Meteorological Society
A fast radiative‐transfer model for the assimilation of MIPAS limb radiances: Accounting for horizontal gradients
Authors: Bormann N. , Healy S. B. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractWe investigate the influence of horizontal structure in the atmosphere on the simulation of emitted infrared limb radiances from the Envisat‐MIPAS instrument, and examine a pragmatic extension of the regression‐based RTMIPAS fast radiative‐transfer model to deal with horizontal atmospheric structure. The extension of RTMIPAS takes into account the horizontal structure at the ray‐tracing step which is used to determine scene temperatures, path lengths, and other conditions along the ray. But the transmittance parametrization used in the extension is based on regression models previously derived from a set of horizontally homogeneous atmospheres. This reduces the computational effort required for the derivation of the regression models. The effects of horizontal gradients in the atmosphere on MIPAS radiances are examined by comparing radiance spectra simulated with RTMIPAS to line‐by‐line equivalents and to real MIPAS observations.It is shown that neglecting horizontal structure in the atmosphere can introduce errors in the radiance simulation that exceed by far the instrument noise, particularly for lower tangent heights and for strongly absorbing spectral regions. The extension of the fast radiative‐transfer model can substantially reduce this error, and for tangent pressures less than 350 hPa (tangent heights greater than about 8 km) almost all error due to horizontal gradients is eliminated. In agreement with this, fast‐model radiances simulated from cross‐sections of the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts model compare significantly better to observed MIPAS limb radiances than radiances simulated under the assumption of horizontal homogeneity. This further confirms a considerable reduction in forward‐model error when horizontal atmospheric structure is taken into account. Copyright © 2006 Royal Meteorological Society
Implementation of 1D+4D‐Var assimilation of precipitation‐affected microwave radiances at ECMWF. I: 1D‐Var
Authors: Bauer Peter , Lopez Philippe , Benedetti Angela , Salmond Deborah , Moreau Emmanuel 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThis paper presents the operational implementation of a 1D+4D‐Var assimilation system of rain‐affected satellite observations at the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts. The first part describes the methodology and performance analysis of the 1D‐Var retrieval scheme in clouds and precipitation that uses Special Sensor Microwave/Imager microwave radiance observations for the estimation of total‐column water vapour. The second part shows the global and long‐term impact of these observations on both model 4D‐Var analyses and medium‐range forecasts.The 1D‐Var scheme employs a complex observation operator that consists of linearized moist physics parametrization schemes and a multiple‐scattering radiative‐transfer model. The observation operator shows rather linear behaviour in most situations except in the presence of very intense precipitation suggesting a possible use even for a direct assimilation of radiances in 4D‐Var. A bias correction and observation‐error estimation method were implemented and indicate stable error behaviour. The 1D‐Var algorithm quality control shows the largest failure number in areas with mostly frozen precipitation where the Special Sensor Microwave/Imager channels have little sensitivity to changes in hydrometeor contents. From test analyses on a global scale, a small moisture increase was computed that was greatest in dry subtropical areas. Large‐scale and convective precipitation were increased similarly but showed a significantly different geographical distribution. The large‐scale precipitation scheme has a stronger sensitivity to moisture changes and therefore moisture increments mainly affect stratiform precipitation distributions. While the global mean moisture fields are only weakly affected by the assimilation of rain‐affected observations, the impact on local systems may be quite large. The forecast of synoptic system development through the 4D‐Var analysis can be significant. Copyright © 2006 Royal Meteorological Society
A linear model of gravity wave drag for hydrostatic sheared flow over elliptical mountains
Authors: Teixeira M. A. C. , Miranda P. M. A. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractAn analytical model of orographic gravity wave drag due to sheared flow past elliptical mountains is developed. The model extends the domain of applicability of the well‐known Phillips model to wind profiles that vary relatively slowly in the vertical, so that they may be treated using a WKB approximation. The model illustrates how linear processes associated with wind profile shear and curvature affect the drag force exerted by the airflow on mountains, and how it is crucial to extend the WKB approximation to second order in the small perturbation parameter for these effects to be taken into account. For the simplest wind profiles, the normalized drag depends only on the Richardson number, Ri, of the flow at the surface and on the aspect ratio, γ, of the mountain. For a linear wind profile, the drag decreases as Ri decreases, and this variation is faster when the wind is across the mountain than when it is along the mountain. For a wind that rotates with height maintaining its magnitude, the drag generally increases as Ri decreases, by an amount depending on γ and on the incidence angle. The results from WKB theory are compared with exact linear results and also with results from a non‐hydrostatic nonlinear numerical model, showing in general encouraging agreement, down to values of Ri of order one. Copyright © 2006 Royal Meteorological Society