bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Posttraumatic growth in adolescence: Examining its components and relationship with PTSD
Authors: Levine Stephen Z. , Laufer Avital , Hamama‐Raz Yaira , Stein Einat , Solomon Zahava 
Published: October 2008

AbstractTo address gaps in the literature, this study examined the components of posttraumatic growth, and the relationship between growth and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Participants were from a pooled sample of 4,054 Israeli adolescents exposed to terror of whom 210 (5.5%) met criteria for PTSD. Measures included the Child Post‐Traumatic Stress Reaction Index and Posttraumatic Growth Inventory. Principal components analysis showed two correlated components of outward and intrapersonal growth. Regression modeling showed that the relationship between the growth and PTSD measures was linear and curvilinear (inverted‐U). These results replicated accounting for heterogeneity in PTSD, exposure and subsamples. Collectively, the results imply that posttraumatic growth in adolescence is characterized by two robust components, and is greatest at moderate posttraumatic stress levels.
Avoidance symptoms and assessment of posttraumatic stress disorder in Arab immigrant women
Authors: Norris Anne E. , Aroian Karen J. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThis study investigates whether the avoidance symptom criterion required for a Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM‐IV; American Psychiatric Association, 1994) diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is overly conservative. Arab immigrant women (N = 453), many of whom reported experiencing multiple traumatic events, completed the Posttraumatic Diagnostic Scale in Arabic as part of a face to face interview. Analyses indicated all but one avoidance symptom was reported less frequently than reexperiencing and arousal symptoms. However, those who fully met reexperiencing, avoidance, and arousal symptom criteria had worse symptom severity and functioning than those who fully met reexperiencing and arousal symptom criteria, but only partially met avoidance symptom criterion. Study findings support importance of the PTSD avoidance symptom criterion.
Adolescents' and parents' agreement on posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms and functioning after adolescent injury
Authors: Ghesquiere Angela , Fan Ming‐Yu , Berliner Lucy , Rivara Frederick P. , Jurkovich Gregory J. , Russo Joan , Katon Wayne , Zatzick Douglas F. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractFew investigations have simultaneously assessed concordance between youth and parent ratings of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and functioning. Randomly sampled adolescent injury survivors ages 12–18 and their parents were assessed on the inpatient ward and again at 2, 5, and 12‐months postinjury (N = 99). Adolescent PTSD symptoms and functioning were rated by both adolescents and parents. Parent PTSD was also assessed; 27% of parents endorsed symptoms consistent with a diagnosis of PTSD over the course of the year after adolescent injury. The PTSD positive parents demonstrated significantly greater discordance in ratings of adolescent PTSD symptoms, family cohesion, and mental health functioning. These findings suggest caution in clinical and policy applications of parental ratings of adolescent symptomatic and functional outcomes after injury.
A pilot study of meditation for mental health workers following Hurricane Katrina
Authors: Waelde Lynn C. , Uddo Madeline , Marquett Renee , Ropelato Melanie , Freightman Sharifa , Pardo Adit , Salazar Jacqueline 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThis pilot study examined the effects of a manualized meditation intervention (called Inner Resources) for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and anxiety symptoms among 20 African American and Caucasian mental health workers in New Orleans beginning 10 weeks after Hurricane Katrina. They participated in a 4‐hour workshop followed by an 8‐week home study program. Complete follow‐up data were available for 15 participants. Results of intention‐to‐treat analyses indicated that participants' PTSD and anxiety symptoms significantly decreased over the 8 weeks of the intervention; these improvements were significantly correlated with the total number of minutes of daily meditation practice. The majority of participants reported good treatment adherence and improvements in well‐being. These findings suggest that meditation may be a feasible, acceptable, and effective postdisaster intervention.
Noninferiority and equivalence designs: Issues and implications for mental health research
Authors: Greene Carolyn J. , Morland Leslie A. , Durkalski Valerie L. , Frueh B. Christopher 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe terms noninferiority and equivalence are often used interchangeably to refer to trials in which the primary objective is to show that a novel intervention is as effective as the standard intervention. The use of these designs is becoming increasingly relevant to mental health research. Despite the fundamental importance of these designs, they are often poorly understood, improperly applied, and subsequently misinterpreted. In this article, the authors explain noninferiority and equivalence designs and key methodological and statistical considerations. Decision points in using these designs are discussed, such as choice of control condition, determination of the noninferiority margin, and calculation of sample size and power. With increasing utilization of these designs, it is critical that researchers understand the methodological issues, advantages, disadvantages, and related challenges.
Kinetics of the synthesis of propyl and butyl acrylates in the presence of some heteropolyacids as catalysts
Authors: Skrzypek Jerzy , Witczak Teresa , Grzesik Mirosław , Witczak Mariusz 
Published: October 2008

AbstractEsterification reactions of acrylic acid with n‐propanol and n‐butanol were carried out in the liquid phase in the presence of H3PW12O40 or H3PMo12O40 as a catalyst, at various temperatures, molar ratios of the reactants, and concentrations of the catalyst. The kinetic equations had a nonelementary form. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 41: 12–17, 2009
Kinetics and mechanism of hydrolysis of N‐(2′‐hydroxyphenyl)phthalamic acid (1) and N‐(2′‐methoxyphenyl)phthalamic Acid (2) in a highly alkaline medium
Authors: Sim Yoke‐Leng , Damit Emmy Fadhiza , Ariffin Azhar , Khan M. Niyaz 
Published: October 2008

AbstractA kinetic study on hydrolysis of N‐(2′‐hydroxyphenyl)phthalamic acid (1), N‐(2′‐methoxyphenyl)phthalamic acid (2), and N‐(2′‐methoxyphenyl)benzamide (3) under a highly alkaline medium gives second‐order rate constants, kOH, for the reactions of HO− with 1, 2, and 3 as (4.73 ± 0.36) × 10−8 at 35°C, (2.42 ± 0.28) × 10−6 and (5.94 ± 0.23) × 10−5 M−1 s−1 at 65°C, respectively. Similar values of kOH for 3, N‐methylbenzanilide, N‐methylbenzamide, and N,N‐dimethylbenzamide despite the difference between pKa values of aniline and ammonia of ∼10 pK units are qualitatively explained. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 41: 1–11, 2009
Laser cooling of solids
Authors: Sheik‐Bahae M. , Epstein R.I. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractWe present an overview of solid‐state optical refrigeration also known as laser cooling in solids by fluorescence upconversion. The idea of cooling a solid‐state optical material by simply shining a laser beam onto it may sound counter intuitive but is rapidly becoming a promising technology for future cryocoolers. We chart the evolution of this science in rare‐earth doped solids and semiconductors.
On‐line separations combined with MS for analysis of glycosaminoglycans
Authors: Zaia Joseph 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe glycosaminoglycan (GAG) family of polysaccharides includes the unsulfated hyaluronan and the sulfated heparin, heparan sulfate, keratan sulfate, and chondroitin/dermatan sulfate. GAGs are biosynthesized by a series of enzymes, the activities of which are controlled by complex factors. Animal cells alter their responses to different growth conditions by changing the structures of GAGs expressed on their cell surfaces and in extracellular matrices. Because this variation is a means whereby the functions of the limited number of protein gene products in animal genomes is elaborated, the phenotypic and functional assessment of GAG structures expressed spatially and temporally is an important goal in glycomics. On‐line mass spectrometric separations are essential for successful determination of expression patterns for the GAG compound classes due to their inherent complexity and heterogeneity. Options include size exclusion, anion exchange, reversed phase, reversed phase ion pairing, hydrophilic interaction, and graphitized carbon chromatographic modes and capillary electrophoresis. This review summarizes the application of these approaches to on‐line MS analysis of the GAG classes. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., Mass Spec Rev 28:254–272, 2009
A real‐option rationale for investing in excess capacity
Authors: Sarkar Sudipto 
Published: October 2008

AbstractExcess capacity is expensive, yet persistent excess capacity is widely observed in the corporate sector. Using a real‐option approach to capacity planning, this paper shows that under certain conditions it is optimal to invest in long‐term (even permanent) excess capacity. This results from the asymmetric nature of operating flexibility resulting from excess capacity—the ability to increase output under favorable demand shocks. The model is used to identify conditions under which excess capacity is more likely to be optimal. The implications are generally consistent with existing empirical evidence from studies on excess capacity and capacity utilization. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nanoparticle formulations in pulmonary drug delivery
Authors: Bailey Mark M. , Berkland Cory J. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe advent of nanotechnology has reignited interest in the lungs as a major route of drug delivery for both systemic and local treatments. The large surface area of the lungs and the minimal barriers impeding access to the lung periphery make this organ a suitable portal for a variety of therapeutic interventions. Nanoparticles provide new formulation options for both dispersed liquid droplet dosage forms such as metered dose inhalers and nebulizers, and dry powder formulations. Nanoparticle formulations have many advantages over traditional dosage forms, such as enhanced dissolution properties and the potential for intracellular drug delivery. Specifically, pure drug nanoparticles, polymeric nanoparticles, polyelectrolyte complexes, and drug‐loaded liposomes offer some encouraging results for delivering drugs to and through the lungs. Methods are also being investigated to produce nanoparticles with properties suitable for improving access to the peripheral lung. Traditional techniques such as spray drying and grinding, and more recent advances in supercritical fluid extraction, precipitation, and solvent extraction have been employed to produce nanoparticle formulations for pulmonary delivery. Here, the benefits of nanoparticle formulations and current progress are compared in light of the practical encumbrances of producing formulations, and possible toxicological effects of these materials. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Med Res Rev, 29, No. 1, 196–212, 2009
Inhibitors and antagonists of bacterial quorum sensing
Authors: Ni Nanting , Li Minyong , Wang Junfeng , Wang Binghe 
Published: October 2008

AbstractBacteria can regulate community‐wide behaviors including biofilm formation, virulence, conjugation, sporulation, and swarming motility through a process called quorum sensing. Inhibitors and antagonists of bacterial quorum sensing are important research tools and potential therapeutic agents. In this review, we have summarized recent developments in this area. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Med Res Rev, 29, No. 1, 65–124, 2009
Importance of Radical Transfer in Precipitation Polymerization: The Case of Vinyl Chloride Suspension Polymerization
Authors: Wieme Joris , D'hooge Dagmar R. , Reyniers Marie‐Françoise , Marin Guy B. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe importance of radical transfer between the reactive phases in precipitation polymerization processes is investigated with the vinyl chloride suspension polymerization as an example. A two‐film model that accounts for a mass transfer resistance in both the monomer‐rich and the polymer‐rich phase is constructed and applied. Equilibrium is assumed at the interphase boundary. Based on model calculations using intrinsic rate coefficients obtained by regression to experimental data the effect of accounting for radical transfer between the reactive phases on the simulated monomer conversion and total moments of the molar mass distribution is demonstrated. It is found that the effect of radical transfer between the reactive phases is most pronounced at low polymerization temperatures.magnified image
Noninvasive mapping of human trigeminal brainstem pathways
Authors: Upadhyay Jaymin , Knudsen Jamie , Anderson Julie , Becerra Lino , Borsook David 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe human trigeminal system mediates facial pain and somatosensory processing. The anatomic location of neuronal substrates and axonal pathways of the trigeminal system have previously been characterized with conventional in vitro methods. The present investigation implemented diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and probabilistic tractography to first segment the peripheral trigeminal circuitry, trigeminal nerve branches (ophthalmic, maxillary, and mandibular nerves), ganglion, and nerve root. Subsequent segmentations involved the spinal trigeminal and trigeminal thalamic tracts, which respectively convey information to the spinal trigeminal nuclei and ventral thalamic regions. This latter procedure also identified 1) spinal thalamic (anterolateral [AL]) system pathways (propagating pain and temperature information from the body), 2) trigeminal lemniscus (TL; touch and face position), and 3) medial lemniscus (ML; touch and limb position). The anatomic location of the identified pain and somatosensory pathways compared well with previous functional findings in the human trigeminal system, as well as the tract position in human histological cross sections. Probabilistic tractography may be a useful method to further comprehend the functional and structural properties of trigeminal and other related systems. Application of DTI to map pain and somatosensory pathways in conjunction with a characterization of function properties of pain and somatosensory processing would further define the systematic changes that occur in trigeminal pathology. Magn Reson Med 60:1037–1046, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sliding‐window sensitivity encoding (SENSE) calibration for reducing noise in functional MRI (fMRI)
Authors: Law Christine S. , Liu Chunlei , Glover Gary H. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractFunctional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) at high magnetic field with parallel imaging (PI) has become increasingly popular for high‐resolution imaging. We present a method of self‐calibrated PI‐fMRI in which sensitivity profiles are calculated using a sliding window of fully sampled multishot imaging data. We show that by updating these sensitivity profiles in a sliding fashion, thermal noise is reduced in the reconstructed image time series. This is accomplished by retaining thermal noise in the sensitivity profiles; no spatial smoothing is performed. These noisy profiles actually provide a closer match to those required for thermal noise‐free reconstruction than conventional sensitivity map generation. Our proposed technique is especially applicable for acquiring high‐spatial‐resolution images, where thermal noise exceeds physiological noise. With conventional sensitivity calculation, PI‐fMRI sensitivity is preserved only when using a voxel size large enough such that physiological noise predominates. With small voxel size, our technique reveals activation from visual stimulation where conventional sensitivity calculation techniques falter. Our technique enhances fMRI detection, especially when higher spatial resolution is desired. Magn Reson Med 60:1090–1103, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Accelerated radiation damping for increased spin equilibrium (ARISE): A new method for controlling the recovery of longitudinal magnetization
Authors: Huang Susie Y. , Witzel Thomas , Wald Lawrence L. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractControl of the longitudinal magnetization in fast gradient‐echo (GRE) sequences is an important factor in enabling the high efficiency of balanced steady‐state free precession (bSSFP) sequences. We introduce a new method for accelerating the return of the longitudinal magnetization to the +z‐axis that is independent of externally applied RF pulses and shows improved off‐resonance performance. The accelerated radiation damping for increased spin equilibrium (ARISE) method uses an external feedback circuit to strengthen the radiation damping (RD) field. The enhanced RD field rotates the magnetization back to the +z‐axis at a rate faster than T1 relaxation. The method is characterized in GRE phantom imaging at 3T as a function of feedback gain, phase, and duration, and compared with results from numerical simulations of the Bloch equations incorporating RD. A short period of feedback (10 ms) during a refocused interval of a crushed GRE sequence allowed greater than 99% recovery of the longitudinal magnetization when very little T2 relaxation had time to occur. An appropriate application might be to improve navigated sequences. Unlike conventional flip‐back schemes, the ARISE “flip‐back” is generated by the spins themselves, thereby offering a potentially useful building block for enhancing GRE sequences. Magn Reson Med 60:1112–1121, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fast conjugate phase image reconstruction based on a Chebyshev approximation to correct for B0 field inhomogeneity and concomitant gradients
Authors: Chen Weitian , Sica Christopher T. , Meyer Craig H. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractOff‐resonance effects can cause image blurring in spiral scanning and various forms of image degradation in other MRI methods. Off‐resonance effects can be caused by both B0 inhomogeneity and concomitant gradient fields. Previously developed off‐resonance correction methods focus on the correction of a single source of off‐resonance. This work introduces a computationally efficient method of correcting for B0 inhomogeneity and concomitant gradients simultaneously. The method is a fast alternative to conjugate phase reconstruction, with the off‐resonance phase term approximated by Chebyshev polynomials. The proposed algorithm is well suited for semiautomatic off‐resonance correction, which works well even with an inaccurate or low‐resolution field map. The proposed algorithm is demonstrated using phantom and in vivo data sets acquired by spiral scanning. Semiautomatic off‐resonance correction alone is shown to provide a moderate amount of correction for concomitant gradient field effects, in addition to B0 imhomogeneity effects. However, better correction is provided by the proposed combined method. The best results were produced using the semiautomatic version of the proposed combined method. Magn Reson Med 60:1104–1111, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Multiecho water‐fat separation and simultaneous R estimation with multifrequency fat spectrum modeling
Authors: Yu Huanzhou , Shimakawa Ann , McKenzie Charles A. , Brodsky Ethan , Brittain Jean H. , Reeder Scott B. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractMultiecho chemical shift–based water‐fat separation methods are seeing increasing clinical use due to their ability to estimate and correct for field inhomogeneities. Previous chemical shift‐based water‐fat separation methods used a relatively simple signal model that assumes both water and fat have a single resonant frequency. However, it is well known that fat has several spectral peaks. This inaccuracy in the signal model results in two undesired effects. First, water and fat are incompletely separated. Second, methods designed to estimate T in the presence of fat incorrectly estimate the T decay in tissues containing fat. In this work, a more accurate multifrequency model of fat is included in the iterative decomposition of water and fat with echo asymmetry and least‐squares estimation (IDEAL) water‐fat separation and simultaneous T estimation techniques. The fat spectrum can be assumed to be constant in all subjects and measured a priori using MR spectroscopy. Alternatively, the fat spectrum can be estimated directly from the data using novel spectrum self‐calibration algorithms. The improvement in water‐fat separation and T estimation is demonstrated in a variety of in vivo applications, including knee, ankle, spine, breast, and abdominal scans. Magn Reson Med 60:1122–1134, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Respiratory motion‐compensated radial dynamic contrast‐enhanced (DCE)‐MRI of chest and abdominal lesions
Authors: Lin Wei , Guo Junyu , Rosen Mark A. , Song Hee Kwon 
Published: October 2008

AbstractDynamic contrast‐enhanced (DCE)‐MRI is becoming an increasingly important tool for evaluating tumor vascularity and assessing the effectiveness of emerging antiangiogenic and antivascular agents. In chest and abdominal regions, however, respiratory motion can seriously degrade the achievable image quality in DCE‐MRI studies. The purpose of this work is to develop a respiratory motion‐compensated DCE‐MRI technique that combines the self‐gating properties of radial imaging with the reconstruction flexibility afforded by the golden‐angle view‐order strategy. Following radial data acquisition, the signal at k‐space center is first used to determine the respiratory cycle, and consecutive views during the expiratory phase of each respiratory period (34–55 views, depending on the breathing rate) are grouped into individual segments. Residual intrasegment translation of lesion is subsequently compensated for by an autofocusing technique that optimizes image entropy, while intersegment translation (among different respiratory cycles) is corrected using 3D image correlation. The resulting motion‐compensated, undersampled dynamic image series is then processed to reduce image streaking and to enhance the signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) prior to perfusion analysis, using either the k‐space‐weighted image contrast (KWIC) radial filtering technique or principal component analysis (PCA). The proposed data acquisition scheme also allows for high frame‐rate arterial input function (AIF) sampling and free‐breathing baseline T1 mapping. The performance of the proposed radial DCE‐MRI technique is evaluated in subjects with lung and liver lesions, and results demonstrate that excellent pixelwise perfusion maps can be obtained with the proposed methodology. Magn Reson Med 60:1135–1146, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Novel solubility‐switchable MRI agent allows the noninvasive detection of matrix metalloproteinase‐2 activity in vivo in a mouse model
Authors: Lebel Réjean , Jastrzębska Beata , Therriault Hélène , Cournoyer Marie‐Michèle , McIntyre J. Oliver , Escher Emanuel , Neugebauer Witold , Paquette Benoit , Lepage Martin 
Published: October 2008

AbstractA novel MRI proteinase‐modulated contrast agent (PCA) was developed to detect the activity of the proinvasive enzyme matrix metalloproteinase‐2 (MMP‐2) in vivo. The PCA2‐switch agent incorporates a solubility switch, where cleavage of a peptide substrate by MMP‐2 decreases the water solubility of the agent. Evidence suggests that this leads to an accumulation of cleaved PCA2‐switch in an MMP‐2‐positive, wild‐type, MC7‐L1 mammary carcinoma tumor in a Balb/c mouse model compared to a MC7‐L1 MMP‐2‐knockdown tumor. When a scrambled peptide sequence is inserted into the agent (PCA2‐scrambled), the in vitro cleavage efficiency of MMP‐2 is markedly reduced. In vivo, PCA2‐scrambled does not accumulate in the wild‐type tumor and the pharmacokinetics is similar in both tumors. In conclusion, in vivo cleavage of PCA2‐switch by MMP‐2 results in a significant accumulation of the cleaved PCA2‐switch in an MMP‐2‐positive tumor. Magn Reson Med 60:1056–1065, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.