bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Can the Main Trunk of Greater Saphenous Vein be Spared in Patients with Varicose Veins?
Authors: Labropoulos Nicos , Belcaro Gianni , Giannoukas Athanasios D. , Delis Kostas , Ashraf Mansour M. , Kang Steven S. , Nicolaides Andrew N. , Baker William H. 
Published: November 2007

Greater saphenous vein (GSV) is the first-choice venous conduit used for bypass grafting. However, GSV is more often varicosed than any other vein. The purpose of this study was to identify how often the main trunk of GSV could be spared during varicose vein oper ations. Two hundred fifty limbs from 187 consecutive patients with GSV reflux on contin uous-wave Doppler were subsequently examined with color flow duplex imaging. The main trunk of GSV was divided into saphenofemoral junction (SFJ), thigh, knee, and below-the-knee (BK) segments. Reflux and varicosities at all levels were noted. Limbs with previous venous surgery involving GSV were excluded from the study. Reflux throughout the length of GSV was the most common pattern (n=122, 49%). The prevalence of reflux at the SFJ was 78% (n=196); thigh segment, 84% (n=210); knee, 92% (n=229); and BK segment, 74% (n=186). Of the segments with reflux, vari cosities were found in 71% at the thigh, 77% at the knee, and 28% (P<0.0001) at the BK segment. Despite the presence of reflux, the entire length of GSV was free of varicosities in 46 (18%) limbs. Because the main trunk of GSV most often lies deeper than its tribu- taries, in 79 (32%) limbs it was not possible to clinically detect the presence of GSV vari cosities. Those varicosities that were clinically evident most often involved the tributaries of GSV (n=232, 93%) that pierce the superficial fascia and come closer to the skin. One hundred thirty-two incompetent perforating veins were found in 71 limbs, of which 27 were connected with the thigh segment, 5 with the knee segment, and the remaining 100 with the tributaries of the BK segment. No perforating vein was found to be connected with the BK GSV. The main GSV trunk at the BK level frequently had reflux, but it was rarely varicosed. Because this segment of GSV is not connected to perforating veins, and owing to its intimate anatomic relationship with the saphenous nerve, it may be spared if not varicosed. In about a fifth of the occasions, the entire length of GSV was free of vari cosities, and at least in high-risk patients for arterial disease this vein need not be excised.
Hemodynamic and Histopathologic Effects of Hydroxyethyl Starch and Superoxide Dismutase Following Splanchnic Arterial Occlusion in a Murine Model
Authors: Simonian Gregory T. , Dardik Herbert , Hallac David , Mazziotta Robert , Ibrahim Ibrahim , Stahl Roslyn 
Published: November 2007

The purpose of this study was to examine biophysical and biochemical approaches that would reduce circulatory collapse produced in a splanchnic artery occlusion (SAO) shock rat model. Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into six groups: (1) control (Ctl) rats—no infusions, n=5; (2) control rats receiving 10 mg/kg superoxide dismutase (SOD), n=7; (3) SAO shock rats—no infusion, n=7; (4) SAO shock rats receiving 1.75 mL of normal saline (Sal), n=7; (5) SAO shock rats receiving 1.75 mL of hydroxyethyl starch (HES), n=7; (6) SAO shock rats receiving SOD, n=7. All animals, except controls, underwent clamping of the celiac and superior mesenteric arteries for fifty minutes. Intravenous heparin (500 units/kg) was administered twenty minutes prior to clamping. Following release of the clamps mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) was monitored for an addi tional one hundred minutes. Animals whose MABP could not be maintained above 50 mmHg at one hundred minutes after reperfusion was initiated were considered nonsur vivors. Blood chemistries and serum osmolarity were measured at the end of each exper iment. HES was conjugated to 10 nm gold particles prior to infusion to allow HES location in electron micrographic (EM) studies. The following results were obtained: The group 4 (HES) MABP was significantly higher than that in groups 2, 3, and 5 (P<.05), but not when compared with that in group 1 (controls). No significant differ ences were found in serum osmolarity. EM studies showed the HES-gold conjugate localized to the intravascular and interendothelial spaces of capillaries and postcapillary venules as compared with interstitial sites. The authors conclude that HES can maintain MABP at significantly higher levels in an SAO shock rat model, unlike the results following infusions of normal saline or SOD. HES may act as both a capillary sealant and source of oncotic pressure. The lack of efficacy of SOD in this investigation may be due to the severity of the shock model and an inadequate dosing regimen. Further studies are needed to evaluate the rode of phar macologic agents along with fluid resuscitation and capillary sealants. Their combined use may in fact ultimately prove to be the optimal means to treat SAO shock.
A Vitronectin Receptor Antagonist Inhibits Neointimal Formation After Balloon Arterial Injury in Rabbits in Vivo
Authors: Lundgren Craig , Vinogradsky Boris , Guala Amy , Fujii Satoshi 
Published: November 2007

The authors have previously shown that cell-matrix interactions mediated via the matrix protein ligand vitronectin derived from serum and its cell surface αVβ3 integrin receptor regulate migration of human aortic smooth muscle cells (SMC) in vitro. Arginine-glycine- aspartic acid (RGD) sequence of vitronectin (residues 45 to 47) is the critical domain for interactions. In this study the authors sought to determine whether interference with vitronectin-receptor interaction in the arterial wall would alter development of neoin timal hyperplasia in a rabbit model. After balloon-induced injury of the carotid artery (2 fr Fogarty, three times) vitronectin was observed in the intima and upper third of the media (immunostaining, n= 3). In 6 rabbits the vitronectin receptor antagonist cyclic RGD peptide (1 mM) was locally applied to the injured artery by use of ethylene vinyl acetate copolymers (25%). RAD peptide (1 mM, n=6) and ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer without peptide (n=6) served as an inactive control. At twenty-eight days rabbits were killed, carotid arteries were fixed, and mean intima and media area was determined by computer-assisted planimetry. (continued on next page) (Abstract continued) The mean intima/media ratio in control balloon-injured arteries without peptide was 0.43 ±0.08 (SD). In injured RAD peptide-treated arteries the ratio was 0.39 ±0.09 (P= NS). In injured, cyclic RGD peptide-treated arteries the intima/media ration was 0.14 ±0.02 (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in media area in the two groups. These results suggest that (1) vitronectin-vitronectin receptor interaction mediates SMC migration in vivo, and (2) localized application of a vitronectin receptor antagonist to the arterial wall after balloon injury modifies this process and results in a significant reduction in the development of neointimal hyperplasia. Vitronectin-vitronectin receptor interaction may be an additional attractive target for pharmacologic manipulations aimed at limiting restenosis after vascular injury.
Surgical Therapy of Thoracoabdominal Aortic Coarctation A Literature Review
Authors: Mickley Volker 
Published: November 2007

Nonarteritic and nonarteriosclerotic atypical thoracoabdominal aortic coarctation (ATAC) is a rare, often inherited malformation. If the abdominal aorta is involved, additional stenoses of visceral arteries may occur, making surgical correction difficult. A literature review was done to accumulate information on the etiology, epidemiology, and surgical therapy of ATAC. Detailed reports on the surgical management of 228 ATAC patients were found in world literature between 1951 and 1996. Most patients were operated on during their first two decades of life. In only about 10% of them could associated diseases (neurofi bromatosis in 7%) be identified, leaving a 90% rate of probably inborn malformations. Main preoperative symptom was renovascular hypertension due to suprarenal or inter renal coarctation, often combined with renal arterial stenoses. Although most of the patients had complex procedures for complete revasculariza tion, perioperative mortality was only 5%. More than 90% of the patients were completely free of symptoms after their operation. Aortic patch angioplasty seems to be burdened with a higher rate of long-term complications than aorto-aortic bypass. Consequent follow-up of all of the young patients is recommended.
A Mutant dec-1 Transgene Induces Dominant Female Sterility in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Spangenberg Daniel K , Waring Gail L 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
The Drosophila dec-1 gene produces three proproteins required for female fertility and eggshell assembly. The three proproteins are distinguished by their C termini. Fc106, the most abundant proprotein, is cleaved within the vitelline membrane to three mature derivatives in a developmentally regulated manner. To define sequences within fc106 that are critical for its function, we created wild-type and mutant versions of an fc106 cDNA transgene. The functional consequences of the mutations were assessed in dec-14, a female-sterile splicing mutant that does not produce the fc106 isoform. The fertility of dec-14 females was restored by the introduction of either a wild-type transgene or a transgene bearing a C-terminal deletion that included fc106-specific sequences. Surprisingly, the removal of internal coding sequences created an aberrant DEC-1 proprotein that induced female sterility when introduced into wild-type flies. Dominant female sterility was not associated with larger deletions that included the fc106 N terminus, suggesting that abnormal juxtaposition of N- and C-terminal sequences in the aberrant proprotein interfered with endogenous DEC-1 proteins. Changes in the fractionation behavior of the endogenous fc106 C-terminal derivative, s60, and morphological changes in the endochorion in response to expression of the aberrant proprotein support this interpretation.
Eléments pour une typologie des SN complexes en de en français
Authors: Bartning Inge 
Published: November 2007

Inge Bartning : An Interpretation Typology of French complex nominals with de
This paper presents a two level interpretation model of French noun phrases with de. On the basis of semantic and argumentai properties of the head noun and the interrelationship between the two nouns it is argued that there is a limited set of prototypical semantic interpretations at the level of the NP itself, the micro-level. These prototypical relations are covered by two essential meanings, namely possession and origin. Syntactic tests support this dichotomy.
The second interpretation level is a textual one where the complex NP is interpreted by contextual clues (salient themes in the preceding discourse) or by extra-linguistic knowledge of the referents of the two NPs and their interrelations. In the last two cases the interpretation demands a larger context (at the macro-level) than that of the complex NP itself.
Anaphore associative et relation partie-tout : condition d'aliénation et principe de congruence ontologique
Authors: Kleiber Georges 
Published: November 2007

Georges Kleiber: Anaphore associative et relation partie-tout: condition d'aliénation et principe de congruence ontologique
The aim of this paper is to give an answer to the problem raised by the analysis of the relation which holds between the two referents involved in an associative anaphor. Starting with restricted facts over the phenomenon, we try to show that two factors are involved in the mechanism of the relation: a condition of alienation and the principle of ontological congruence. These two factors explain in a novel and stimulating fashion why the utterances:
?Pierre a exposé son dernier tableau. La beauté (= la beauté du tableau) est fascinante
?Max entre. Les yeux (= les yeux de Max) sont hors de leur orbite
?Paul ouvrit la commode. Le bois (= le bois de la commode) était polychrome
are deviant, when the sequences:
Paul lava la voiture, mais oublia le capot (= le capot de la voiture)
Max entre, les yeux brillants
are well formed. Georges Kleiber: Anaphore associative et relation partie-tout: condition d'aliénation et principe de congruence ontologique
The aim of this paper is to give an answer to the problem raised by the analysis of the relation which holds between the two referents involved in an associative anaphor. Starting with restricted facts over the phenomenon, we try to show that two factors are involved in the mechanism of the relation: a condition of alienation and the principle of ontological congruence. These two factors explain in a novel and stimulating fashion why the utterances:
?Pierre a exposé son dernier tableau. La beauté (= la beauté du tableau) est fascinante
?Max entre. Les yeux (= les yeux de Max) sont hors de leur orbite
?Paul ouvrit la commode. Le bois (= le bois de la commode) était polychrome
are deviant, when the sequences:
Paul lava la voiture, mais oublia le capot (= le capot de la voiture)
Max entre, les yeux brillants
are well formed.
A twin study of the common vulnerability between heightened sensitivity to hypercapnia and panic disorder
Authors: Battaglia Marco , Pesenti‐Gritti Paola , Spatola Chiara A.M. , Ogliari Anna , Tambs Kristian 
Published: November 2007

AbstractFor unknown reasons the inhalation of CO2‐enriched air mixtures evokes acute panic‐like symptoms in people with panic disorder and in their unaffected relatives. This study was set to determine whether, and to what extent, CO2‐induced acute anxiety and panic disorder share the same genetic and environmental determinants. Cholesky structural equation models were used to decompose into genetic and environmental elements the correlation between self‐assessed anxiety post‐35%CO2–65%O2 inhalation and interview‐based DSM‐IV lifetime diagnoses of panic disorder in 346 young adult twin pairs of the Norwegian Institute of Health Panel, 12% of whom had been invited to take part into the CO2 study on the basis of self‐reported symptoms of anxiety gathered 4–7 years before the provocation challenge. A full model corrected for the partially selective ascertainment showed that the phenotypic correlation between post‐CO2 anxiety and DSM‐IV panic was largely due to additive genetic influences, while shared and unique environmental agents concurred to explain a relatively minor proportion of the correlation between these two traits. According to the best‐fitting model the genetic correlation between post‐CO2 anxiety and panic was 0.81 (0.50–0.98); a common genetic factor was sufficient to explain the traits' covariation and a further, specific genetic factor was necessary to account for the residual phenotypic variance. The genetic determinants that lead to overreact to a hypercapnic stimulus coincide at a considerable extent with those that influence liability to naturally occurring panic. Environmental factors provide a modest—or no—contribution to the covariation of CO2‐provoked anxiety with naturally occurring panic. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nonisothermal crystallization kinetics of linear metallocene polyethylenes
Authors: Hussein Ibnelwaleed A. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe effect of weight‐average molecular weight (Mw) on the nonisothermal crystallization kinetics of linear metallocene polyethylene (m‐PE) was studied with modulated differential scanning calorimetry. Six linear m‐PEs of molecular weights in the range 122–934 kg/mol were prepared by gas‐phase polymerization. The cooling rate (R) was varied in the range 2–20°C/min, and it significantly affected the crystallization behavior. Mw had a weak influence on both the peak crystallization temperature and the crystallization onset temperature. All m‐PEs showed primary and secondary crystallizations. At both low and high R's, the crystallinity showed a significant drop (∼ 30%) when Mw was increased from 122 to 934 kg/mol. At low R's (< 10°C/min), the rate parameters in the modified Avrami method [primary rate constant (kR)] and Mo method [F(T)] of analyses agreed in suggesting that an increased Mw slowed the rate of crystallization. The Mw dependency of kR followed the Arrhenius type (kR = kRoe281/Mw, where kRo is a rate‐dependent constant). However, at higher R's, kR approached a constant value. The order parameters obtained by the different methods of analysis (n and α) were independent of Mw, which suggests that the crystal type remained the same. Hoffman–Lauritzen theory was used for data analysis, and activation energy per segment showed a significant decrease, from 225.0 to 11.8 kJ/mol, when Mw was increased from 152 to 934 kg/mol. Finally, all methods of analysis suggested a significant effect of Mw on slowing the overall crystallization process. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Ageing studies of ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber/styrene butadiene rubber blends: Effects of heat, ozone, gamma radiation, and water
Authors: Nair T. Muraleedharan , Kumaran M. G. , Unnikrishnan G. , Kunchandy Sam 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe ageing behavior due to the effects of heat, ozone, γ‐ radiation, and water on ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber/styrene butadiene rubber (EPDM/SBR) blends was studied. The tensile strength, crack initiation, ozone ageing, gamma radiation, and water resistance of the blends were measured and used to determine the extent of ageing. Tensile strength of blends of different compositions increased after thermal ageing for 96 h at 100°C probably due to the continued cross‐linking. It has been observed that an increase in EPDM in the blends improves the ozone resistance of the blends. Crack initiation was noted only in blends with lesser amount of EPDM and the cracks in such blends were found deeper, wider and continuous. With 15 kGy irradiation dose, the tensile strength of the blends found to be decreased while it increased with 80 kGy dosage of γ‐radiation. The elongation at break showed a decreasing trend with increased dosage of γ‐radiation. It has also been observed that the EPDM rich blends showed negligible water uptake. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Electrocatalysis and determination of uracil on polythionine/multiwall carbon nanotubes modified electrode
Authors: Liu Hongying , Wang Guangfeng , Hu Jinsong , Chen Daolei , Zhang Wei , Fang Bin 
Published: November 2007

AbstractA new type of poly (thionine)/multiwall carbon nanotube/glassy carbon (PTH/MWNTs/GC) electrode was fabricated by electropolymerization thionine onto the surface of MWNTs modified GC electrode. The properties and behaviors of the modified electrode were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and cyclic voltammetry (CV). The results show that the high sensitivity and selectivity are mainly caused by the unique carbon surface of the carbon nanotubes and the catalytic activity of thionine. The modified electrode exhibited excellent electrocatalytic behavior to the oxidation of uracil, and was firstly applied to determinate the concentration of uracil for the differential pulse voltammograms. Under the optimum conditions, linear calibration equation was obtained over the uracil concentration range from 1.0 × 10−5 to 5.5 × 10−2M with a correlation coefficient of 0.9978 and a detection limit 2.0 × 10−7M (based on S/N = 3) was also gained. The good electrocatalytic response of uracil at PTH/MWNTs/GC electrode suggests that the PTH/MWNTs are an excellent platform for electrochemical biosensing. The modified electrode displays excellent repeatability, stability, and high sensitivity. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Preparation of ethylene/1‐octene copolymers from ethylene stock with tandem catalytic system
Authors: Jiang Tao , Huang Zhijun , Luo Mingjian , Chen Hongxia , Ning Yingnan 
Published: November 2007

AbstractTandem catalysis offers a novel synthetic route to the production of linear low‐density polyethylene. This article reports the use of homogeneous tandem catalytic systems for the synthesis of ethylene/1‐octene copolymers from ethylene stock as the sole monomer. The reported catalytic systems involving a highly selective, bis(diphenylphosphino)cyclohexylamine/Cr(acac)3/methylaluminoxane (MAO) catalytic systems for the synthesis of 1‐hexene and 1‐octene, and a copolymerization metallocene catalyst, rac‐Et(Ind)2ZrCl2/MAO for the synthesis of ethylene/1‐octene copolymer. Analysis by means of DSC, GPC, and 13C‐NMR suggests that copolymers of 1‐hexene and ethylene and copolymers of 1‐octene and ethylene are produced with significant selectivity towards 1‐hexene and 1‐octene as comonomers incorporated into the polymer backbone respectively. We have demonstrated that, by the simple manipulation of the catalyst molar ratio and polymerization conditions, a series of branched polyethylenes with melting temperatures of 101.1–134.1°C and density of 0.922–0.950 g cm−3 can be efficiently produced. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Investigations into Transition‐State Geometry in the Mukaiyama Directed Aldol Reaction
Authors: Denmark Scott E. , Lee Wheeseong 
Published: November 2007

AbstractA model compound was designed to study the relative orientation of enol silane and carbonyl moieties in the Mukaiyama aldol reaction. The cyclization must proceed with either a synclinal or an antiperiplanar orientation of the aldehyde with respect to the enol silane. These two orientations lead to diastereomeric products, thus allowing for unambiguous correlation between product configuration and transition‐state geometry. As steric bias is minimal, the product distribution should reflect the intrinsic preferences for reactant geometry in the transition state. Cyclizations of the model compound showed a modest preference for reaction via an antiperiplanar (open transition state) orientation of reactants in the presence of a wide range of Lewis acids (TiCl4, SnCl4, SnCl2, BF3⋅OEt2, TMSBr, trityl perchlorate, EtAlCl2) and triflic acid. The cyclizations promoted by tin(II) salts were syn‐selective and dependent on the nature of the counterion. Fluoride ion promoted reactions were anti‐selective and were independent of the nature of the cation.
Pancreatic insufficiency after different resections for benign tumours
Authors: Falconi M , Mantovani W , Crippa S , Mascetta G , Salvia R , Pederzoli P 
Published: November 2007

Abstract

Background
Pancreatic resections for benign diseases may lead to long-term endocrine/exocrine impairment. The aim of this study was to compare postoperative and long-term results after different pancreatic resections for benign disease.

Methods
Between 1990 and 1999, 62 patients underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD), 36 atypical resection (AR) and 64 left pancreatectomy (LP) for benign tumours. Exocrine and endocrine pancreatic function was evaluated by 72-h faecal chymotrypsin and oral glucose tolerance test.

Results
The incidence of pancreatic fistula was significantly higher after AR than after LP (11 of 36 versus seven of 64; P = 0·028). The long-term incidence of endocrine pancreatic insufficiency was significantly lower after AR than after PD (P &lt; 0·001). Exocrine insufficiency was more common after PD (P &lt; 0·001) and LP (P = 0·009) than after AR. The probability of developing both endocrine and exocrine insufficiency was higher for PD and LP than for AR (32, 27 and 3 per cent respectively at 1 year; 58, 29 and 3 per cent at 5 years; P &lt; 0·001).

Conclusion
Different pancreatic resections are associated with different risks of developing long-term pancreatic insufficiency. AR represents the best option in terms of long-term endocrine and exocrine function, although it is associated with more postoperative complications.