bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Continuous 12‐lead electrocardiographic ST monitoring adds prognostic information to the thrombolysis in myocardial infarction risk score in patients with non‐ST‐elevation acute coronary syndromes
Authors: Zairis Michael N. , Lyras Anastassios G. , Makrygiannis Stamatis S. , Beldekos Demetrios J. , Mainas Konstantinos A. , Patsourakos Nikolaos G. , Ampartzidou Olga S. , Adamopoulou Evdokia N. , Prekates Athanasios A. , Argyrakis Spyros K. , Foussas Stefanos G. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractBackground: Continuous 12‐lead electrocardiographic (ECG) ST monitoring and the Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction Risk Score (TIMI‐RS), both have been shown to be useful for early risk stratification in patients with non‐ST elevation acute coronary syndromes (NSTACS).Hypothesis: Transient ST ischemic events, detected by continuous 12‐lead ECG ST monitoring, early in the course of NSTACS, may add prognostic information to the TIMI‐RS.Methods: In all, 567 consecutive patients with a NSTACS underwent 24‐h continuous 12‐lead ECG ST monitoring. An ST ischemic event was defined as a transient ST shift in any lead of ≥ 0.10 mV compared with the reference ECG, lasting for ≥l min.Results: The incidence of the composite of death, nonfatal myocardial infarction (or reinfarction) and recurrent ischemia by Day 14 was 22.2%. By Day 30, the incidence of the composite of death and nonfatal myocardial infarction (or reinfarction) was 14.7%. There was a significantly increased risk of 14‐day (p value for trend < 0.001) or 30‐day (p value for trend <0.001) composite endpoint with increasing of TIMI‐RS. Moreover, the occurrence of ≥ 1 ST shifts during ST monitoring was associated with a significantly increased risk of 14‐(p value < 0.001) or 30‐day (p value < 0.001) composite end‐point, and this was true throughout the groups of TIMI‐RS.Conclusions: The present study suggests that continuous 12‐lead ECG ST monitoring, early in the course of NSTACS, may serve as an affordable tool to add prognostic information to the TIMI‐RS.
Long‐term efficacy of hybrid pharmacologic and ablation therapy in patients with pilsicainide‐induced atrial flutter
Authors: Hirao Kenzo , Okishige Kaoru , Yamamoto Naohito , Otomo Kenichiro , Azegami Kouji , Isobe Mitsuaki 
Published: June 2007

AbstractBackground: Combination therapy with catheter ablation of the cavo‐tricuspid isthmus and continued drug therapy, that is, “hybrid therapy,” in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and drug‐induced atrial flutter (AFL) is reported to be an alternative means of achieving and maintaining sinus rhythm. With respect to choosing this method among the rhythm control therapies, its long‐term efficacy and the prevalence of AFL in patients with AF are very important and have not been fully elucidated.Hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to investigate the long‐term effectiveness of this hybrid therapy and the dose prevalence inIc drug‐induced AFL.Methods: The subjects were 89 patients (aged 62.4 years, 72 men) with episodes of AF (paroxysmal type: 65, persistent type: 11, permanent type: 13). After 4 weeks of oral pilsicainide administration, the dose was increased in those with no documented AFL. The patients who experienced AFL with pilsicainide (Ic‐AFL) underwent ablation.Results: Pilsicainide administration resulted in the common type AFL in 17 patients (19.1%). The pilsicainide plasma concentration in the patients with Ic‐AFL was significantly higher than in those without AFL (0.79 ± 0.41 vs. 0.51 ± 0.24 μg/ml, respectively, p < 0.01). During a 10–54 (mean 37 ± 14) month follow‐up period, sinus rhythm was maintained in 10 of 12 patients after successful ablation followed by continued antiarrhythmic drug administration.Conclusions: Hybrid therapy with ablation and high doses of pilsicainide was useful in maintaining sinus rhythm in some selected patients with AF and drug‐induced AFL.
Cardiac sequelae in Brooklyn after the September 11 terrorist attacks
Authors: Feng Jianwei , Lenihanx Daniel J. , Johnson Marcella M. , Karri Vandana , Reddy C. V. R. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractBackground: Terrorism, such as the attacks on the World Trade Center (WTC) on September 11,2001, result in higher stress‐related disorders, especially in those persons in close proximity.Hypothesis: Cardiac events resulting from the September 11,2001 tragedy have not been detailed near the WTC.Methods: Patients admitted to the Telemetry and Coronary Care Units at New York Methodist Hospital 4 miles from the WTC 60 days prior to and after the September 11 attacks were analyzed. In all, 1,653 admissions were reviewed: 427 records pre 9/11/2001 and 422, 393, and 411 records in the post‐9/11/2001, pre‐9/11/2000, and post‐9/11/2000 data sets, respectively. Patients were categorized based on diagnosis: acute myocardial infarction (MI), unstable angina (UA), tachyarrhythmia (TA), and others (including syncope and congestive heart failure).Results: There was a significant difference in the proportion of the various cardiac diagnoses post 9/11/01 (p = 0.008 by chi‐square analysis). Compared with pre 9/11/2001, there were significantly more patients with acute MI (15.5 vs. 11.2%) and TA(19.9vs. 13.6%)but fewer with UA(39.6vs. 47.3%)after the terrorist attacks. The distribution of cardiac events during a similar period of time in 2000 revealed no such pattern.Conclusions: There was a significant increase in acute MI and TA and a smaller increase in UA after the September 11 attacks. The difference did not appear to be due to temporal variation. It appears that stress likely contributed to an increase in TA by itself or with ischemia, resulting in progression of UA to acute MI.
Amount of left ventricular hypertrophy determines the plasma N‐terminal pro‐brain natriuretic peptide level in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and normal left ventricular ejection fraction
Authors: Kim Seon Woon , Park Seung Woo , Lim Seong‐Hoon , Kwon Sung Uk , Hoi Yu Jeong , Park Man Ki , Lee Sang‐Chol , Lee Sang Hoon , Park Jeong Euy , Jeon Eun‐Seok 
Published: June 2007

AbstractBackground: N‐terminal pro‐brain natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) is increased in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM); however, the determinants of NT‐proBNP level have not been clarified in HCM.Hypothesis: This study was performed to determine the relationship between NT‐proBNP levels and various echocardiographic variables of patients with HCM and normal left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF).Methods: We assessed plasma NT‐proBNP levels and echocardiographic variables of 36 patients (19 men, 58 ± 14 years) with HCM and an LVEF of ≥ 55%. Echocardiographic variables measured were LV wall thickness, end‐diastolic LV internal dimension (LVIDd) and volume (LVEDV), LV mass, and LV mass index (LV mass/body surface area, LVMI). Left ventricular outflow tract pressure gradient, transmitral E and A velocities, deceleration time (DT) of the transmitral E wave, and septal annular E' velocity were measured by Doppler technique. The relationship between echocardiographic variables and plasma NT‐proBNP level was analyzed.Results: The plasma NT‐proBNP level was 775.2 ± 994.2 pg/ml (range 33.1‐729.0 pg/ml). It showed positive correlations with LV end‐diastolic septal thickness (r = 0.39, p = 0.010) and LVMI (r = 0.27, p = 0.050), while it revealed negative correlations with LVIDd (r = −0.44, p = 0.004), LVEDV (r= −0.44, p = 0.004) and DT(r= −0.31, p = 0.034). The NT‐proBNP level was higher in the patients with than in those without LV diastolic dysfunction (p = 0.03 3) and was independently related to LVIDd (p = 0.001), LVMI (p = 0.006) and DT (p = 0.031) by multivariate analysis.Conclusion: In patients with HCM and normal LVEF, the amount of LV hypertrophy and LV diastolic dysfunction may exert a significant role in determining plasma NT‐proBNP level.
Young adults born small for gestational age: Is reduced baroreceptor sensitivity a risk factor for hypertension?
Authors: Pozza R. Dalla , Bechtold S. , Putzker S. , Bonfig W. , Netz H. , Schwarz H. P. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractBackground: Adults born small for gestational age (SGA) are at increased risk for the metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease.Hypothesis: Impaired short‐term blood pressure regulation may contribute to the development of hypertension in patients born SGA.Methods: In all, 43 patients born SGA (18 female, age 19.4 ± 0.3 years) were evaluated by beat‐to‐beat blood pressure and heart rate registration during rest and mental and orthostatic stress. The study group was divided into Group 1 with normal resting blood pressure (n = 32) and Group 2 with slightly elevated blood pressure (n = 11). Baroreceptor sensitivity (BRS) was calculated. Fasting insulin as well as lipid levels were correlated with hemodynamic parameters.Results: Eleven of the 43 study patients (25%) had a slightly elevated resting systolic blood pressure (SBP) rising during mental and orthostatic stress. Body mass index (BMI) and fasting insulin levels correlated strongly with SBP in Group 2. Baroreceptor sensitivity was lower in Group 2 at rest (p<0.05).Conclusions: Three components of metabolic syndrome (elevated BP, high BMI, elevated insulin levels) correlate strongly in young adolescents born SGA; BRS is reduced in prehypertensive patients. Close follow‐up is warranted during adult life as they are predisposed for developing a metabolic syndrome with elevated cardiovascular risk.
Serial analysis of troponin I levels in patients with ischemic and nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy
Authors: Nellessen Ulrich , Goder Stephan , Schobre Robertus , Abawi Miriam , Hecker Hartmut , Tschöke Sigrid 
Published: June 2007

AbstractBackground: Ongoing myocardial cell damage forms the basis for progression of chronic heart failure. Evidence is accumulating that progressive loss of cardiac myocytes is associated with the release of cardiac troponin I (cTnI).Hypothesis: This study sought to determine whether levels of cTnI are of prognostic value for risk stratification of patients with chronic heart failure.Methods: Release of cTnI was measured by conventional enzyme immunoassay following serum ultrafiltration in 58 consecutive patients hospitalized for chronic heart failure and 31 healthy volunteers serving as control group. Determination of serum levels was performed every 2 weeks over a time interval of 3 months. According to the results of coronary angiography, patients were divided into Group D showing normal coronary arteries (n = 33, ejection fraction 27 ± 6.1%) and Group I showing severe coronary heart disease (n = 25, ejection fraction 28.8 ± 7.8%). Survival of patients was evaluated after a mean time interval of 3 years.Results: The mean cTnI serum level over all measurements was 0.66 ± 1.8 ng/ml in patients versus 0.11 ± 0.48 ng/ml in volunteers. At all six points of analysis, the mean cTnI serum level was significantly different (p < 0.001) between patients and volunteers. There was no significant difference between patients with and without coronary heart disease following hospital discharge, however, troponin release was significantly different between survivors and nonsurvivors (n = 27) (0.56 ng/ml vs. 0.84 ng/ml; p < 0.05).Conclusion: Permanent cTnI release is a common finding in patients with chronic heart failure and a strong prognosticator. In this setting, coronary morphology seems to play a minor role for disease progression.
Implantable cardioverter defibrillator implant‐explant‐implant case study: Addressing the psychological adjustment to multiple shocks
Authors: Kovacs Adrienne H. , Eigofsky Suzannef , Goff J. Sean , Saidi Arwa S. , Curtis Anne B. , Conti Jamie B. , Sears Samuel F. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis case study details the multidisciplinary approach to a patient who underwent implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) explantation for psychological reasons. The patient was unable to manage the stress associated with multiple shocks. He had a class I indicationfor an ICD but initially refused to undergo reimplantation. Treatment included the provision of comprehensive medical, nursing, and psychological care, with emphasis on patient autonomy and respect forthe patient's experience.
The physiologic basis for the management of ventricular assist devices
Authors: Mudge Gilbert H. , Fang James C. , Smith Colleen , Couper Gregory 
Published: June 2007

AbstractMechanical ventricular assist devices are now approved as destination therapy for terminal heart failure. It is the purpose of this review to discuss the physiology of this technology that is considered in outpatient care. The currently available pulsatile devices are solely dependent of preload volume and, when placed in the automatic mode, can maintain physiologic cardiac outputs with exercise. However, because of their dependence on preload volume, there are unique physiologic consequences; device bradycardia represents volume depletion, device tachycardia reflects volume overload. The differential diagnosis of left ventricular assist device dysfunction includes native right ventricular failure, native left ventricular recovery, or other technical considerations. The management of biventricular mechanical support as well as arrhythmia management and the role of echocardiographic assessment in this unique patient population will be discussed. Expertise in outpatient management of such devices is now a requisite for subspecialists in heart failure. In the future, technical innovations may simplify management for professionals, patients, and their families.
Coronary artery aneurysm: A review
Authors: Pahlavan Payam S. , Niroomand Feraydoon 
Published: June 2007

AbstractCoronary artery ectasia (CAE) is found in 0.3–5% of patients undergoing coronary angiography. Atherosclerosis is the main cause, followed by Kawasaki disease and infectious emboli. The exact pathogenesis has not been diagnosed as yet, but an inflammatory process is underlying. Symptoms, if present, are usually related to myocardial ischemia. Angiography is the mainstay for diagnosis. The prognosis is generally favorable. Thromboembolic complications are rare with antiplatelet therapy, and spontaneous rupture generally is rare but occurs more commonly in Kawasaki disease. Management varies from antithrombotic therapy to surgical ligation. Controlling coronary heart disease risk factors sharply affects the prognosis in patients with CAE.
Predischarge low‐dose dobutamine test and prediction of left ventricular function at 1 year in patients with a first anterior myocardial infarction
Authors: Figueras Jaume , Ortadellas Josefa C. , Missorici Mario , Astell Joan C. , Soler Jordi Soler 
Published: June 2007

AbstractBackground: It is unclear whether spontaneous improvement in contractility following acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is related to severity of predischarge systolic dysfunction and can be predicted by isotopic ventriculography with a low‐dose dobutamine test (DBT).Hypothesis: Spontaneous improvement in contractility would be similar in patients with more preserved and those with depressed ventricular function, and a DBT test could predict it.Methods: Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), regional contractility score (RCS), and left ventricular end‐diastolic volume index (EDVI) at predischarge, during DBT, and at 1 year were analyzed in 43 patients with a first anterior ST‐ele‐vation AMI.Results: Changes produced by DBT in patients with LVEF <40%, RCS >3, or EDVI >70 ml/m2 were smaller than in those observed at 1 year (LVEF: 30 ± 5‐35 ± 7%, p < 0.001, vs. 39 ± 10%, p = 0.005; RCS: 4.9 ± 1.4‐4.6 ± 2.0, NS, vs. 3.4 ± 2.0, p<0.02; EDVI: 92 ± 14‐86 ± 22, NS, vs. 78 ± 23 ml/m2, p < 0.03). In contrast, in patients with EF > 40%, RCS < 3 or EDVI < 70 ml/m2, changes with DBT tended to be greater than those observed at 1 year (LVEF: 52 ± 8‐57 ± 11%, p< 0.004 vs. 55 ± 11%, p< 0.04); RCS: 1.1 ± 0.9‐0.8 ± 0.8, NS, vs. 1.1 ± 1.1, NS; and EDVI: 51 ± 9‐47 ± 11, p < 0.005, vs. 54 ± 13 ml/m2, NS).Conclusions: Among patients with a first anterior AMI, spontaneous improvement in contractility at 1 year was greatest in those with a more depressed ventricular function or a dilated ventricle, but its magnitude was underestimated by a predischarge DBT test.
The efficacy of fractionated radiotherapy and stereotactic radiosurgery for pituitary adenomas
Authors: Kong Doo‐Sik , Lee Jung‐Il , Lim Do Hoon , Kim Kwang Won , Shin Hyung Jin , Nam Do‐Hyun , Park Kwan , Kim Jong Hyun 
Published: June 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND.The objective of this retrospective cohort study was to define the efficacy and safety of fractionated radiotherapy (FRT) and stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for the treatment of patients with pituitary adenoma.METHODS.Between January 1995 and April 2006, 125 consecutive patients with pituitary adenomas (54 hormone‐secreting adenomas and 71 nonsecretory adenomas) received FRT or underwent SRS. Sixty‐four patients received FRT, for which the mean total dose was 50.4 grays (Gy) (range, 48–54 Gy), and 61 patients underwent gamma‐knife SRS with mean marginal dose of 25.1 Gy (range, 9–30 Gy).RESULTS.After mean follow up of 36.7 months, the tumor volume was increased in only 4 patients (3.2%). The overall actuarial progression‐free survival rate was 99% at 2 years and 97% at 4 years. No difference was observed between the FRT group and the SRS group in the control of tumor growth. Based on the endocrinologic results in the patients who had secretory adenomas, the overall hormone complete remission rate was 26.2% at 2 years and 76.3% at 4 years. The median time to complete remission was 26 months in the SRS group and 63 months in the FRT group (P = .0068). Hypopituitarism developed as a delayed complication in 11.5% of patients at a median of 84 months.CONCLUSIONS.Both FRT and SRS were efficient treatment modalities for the control of tumor growth in patients with pituitary adenomas. The current results indicated that single‐dose radiosurgery more promptly produces an effect on the hypersecretion of pituitary hormones and may be recommended over FRT for suitable patients. Cancer 2007. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
Correspondence Between CIELAB and CIELUV Color Differences
Authors: Ohta Noboru 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe CIE presently recommends two uniform color spaces, the CIE 1976 (L*u*v*)‐space (CIELUV) and the CIE 1976 (L*a*b*)‐space (CIELAB). With each of these spaces is associated a color‐difference formula. Color differences calculated by one formula cannot readily be converted to color differences calculated by the other formula. A conversion factor such as ρ = ΔEuv*/ΔEab* cannot be determined uniquely. However, for any given location in color space, it is possible to determine a range, ρmin ⩽ ρ ⩽ ρmax, within which ρ must lie. Lines of constant ρmin and ρmax can be plotted in (L*a*b*)‐space which indicate the range of ρ in (L*u*v*)‐space.
Fine color metric (FCM)
Authors: Friele L. F. C. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractOptimal discrimination ellipsoids were calculated from the data on color differences of commercial importance, available in the studies by Davidson and Friede, Kuehni, Metropolitan Section AATCC, Morley, Munn and Billmeyer, and Robinson, and in the new VVVR data. The analysis led to an improved uniform color space and a color‐difference formula, the merits of which are compared to those of the CIELUV and the CIELAB formulas. The CIE formulas break down for saturataed red and blue colors. The new color‐difference formula presents a fair approach to the ultimate aim, that visually equal color differences should be rated with equal numerical value throughout color space.
Colorimetry of fluorescent materials: visual evaluation of fluorescent whites
Authors: Swenholt Bonnie K. , Grum Franc , Witzel Robert F. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis paper documents studies of the Subcommittee for Problem 18, Colorimetry of Fluorescent Materials, of the Inter‐Society Color Council. Visual judgments were made of the relative whiteness of fluorescent white papers, plastics, and textiles. The data were analyzed statistically and were found to support the validity of the Grum, Witzel, and Stensby whiteness formula.
A colorimetric comparison of colour reproductions
Authors: Chalmers A. N. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis article describes a methodology used to enable a meaningful comparison of the colour reproduction characteristics of a pair of colour photographic media, on the basis of an instrumental determination of the colour differences between sets of coloured test surfaces and their photographic reproductions. A figure of merit is proposed which can serve as a measure of the relative colour fidelity of the media being compared. This approach should yield a valid comparison between any two or more media having essentially the same display format and being subject to similar sets of controls and constraints.
The Concept of Colourfulness and its Use for Deriving Grids for Assessing Colour Appearance
Authors: Pointer M. R. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractA technique of subjective magnitude estimation has been used to assess a set of pseudosurface colours, each having a luminance factor of 0.2. Three adaptation conditions corresponding to daylights D65 and D50 and tungsten light SA were used. The experimental technique and data analysis represent an improvement on that previously reported. The concept of colourfulness, as opposed to chroma or saturation, has been introduced with considerable success. The loci of constant hue and colourfulness were derived in u',v' chromaticity space and the results compared with predictions obtained using the Bartleson adaptation equations.
Determining Pigment Optical Properties for Use in the Mie and Many‐Flux Theories
Authors: Billmeyer Fred W. , Chassaigne Patrick G. , Dubois Jean F. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractNormalized phase functions p(ϑ), the angular dependence of light scattering, were determined experimentally for diluted aqueous dispersions of iron‐oxide pigments. The best means of representing p(ϑ) through a series of Legendre polynomials was studied. From the Legendre coefficients it was possible to calculate by the Mie theory both the complex refractive index of the pigment and the single‐scattering absorption and scattering coefficients. The latter coefficients were used in the many‐flux theory to calculate the reflectance of a paint film made from the pigment. Reasonable agreement was obtained with the experimental value of reflectance of a paint film prepared from the same, but undiluted, dispersion.
New products for color
Authors: Stanziola Ralph 
Published: June 2007

AbstractFor some time we have contemplated the inclusion of a “new products” column of interest to the color community. With the appointment of Ralph Stanziola as Special Editor for Industrial Applications, we are pleased to initiate this feature. No reply card, just a name and telephone number if you are interested. We encourage manufacturers to send information on new products for color to Ralph Stanziola at the address given next to the table of contents.—F.W.B.
A new colour‐perception lantern
Authors: Holmes J. G. , Wright W. D. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractA new colour‐perception lantern shows red, green, and white lights which are within current international chromaticity limits for signal lights in all forms of transport, at three levels of luminous intensity. The light source, filters, and power supply have long‐life characteristics and the whole lantern is intended to be maintenance‐free. The operator's functions are simple and clear, and a fixed routine is proposed for the colour‐perception test. There are two models, Type A approved for the British Armed Services and for Civil Aviation, and Type B approved for the Merchant Navy.