bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HL‐A Typing of Kidney Cells and Lymphocytes
Authors: Sybesma J. P. H. B. , de Planque B. A. , van Soelen Tjitske , Borst‐Eilers Else 
Published: March 2009

Abstract. Fresh human kidney cells were typed for HL‐A antigens by means of the micro‐immune adherence assay (MIAA). Lymphocytes from the same individuals were typed both by means of the MIAA and the microcytotoxicity test. Difference in typing results between the two types of cells was observed in 10% of the cases. When cultured kidney cells were used for HL‐A typing, a greater difference was found, namely 28%. This can be explained by the poor reproducibility of the MIAA if performed on cultured kidney cells.In 7% of all cases, an HL‐A factor was found on kidney cells which could not be demonstrated on the lymphocytes. This may be explained by the fact that the MIAA of fresh kidney cells is more sensitive for detecting HL‐A antigens than the MIAA or the microcytotoxicity test of lymphocytes. Lymphocytes not reacting in the MIAA were able to absorb antibodies from the anti‐HL‐A sera that showed a positive reaction in the MIAA with fresh kidney cells from the same individuals. In one case, absorption of antibodies by lymphocytes could not be demonstrated. Kidney‐specific antibodies could not be detected in anti‐HL‐A sera, nor could differences in typing results between the two types of cells be explained by the presence of blood‐group antibodies.
Contributions to the Optimal Use of Human Blood
Authors: Vogelaar E. F. , Brummelhuis H. G. J. , Krijnen H. W. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract. A C1 esterase inhibitor concentrate was prepared in large quantities from fresh human plasma. After removal of the cryoprecipitate and prothrombin complex, the inhibitor was adsorbed batchwise onto an anion‐exchanger.2.5 g (dry weight) of DEAE‐Sephadex A‐50 was used per liter of ‘plasma’. After extensive washing with 0.15 M NaCl, the inhibitor was eluted from the anion‐exchanger with 2 m NaCl. The eluate was fractionated with ammonium sulphate. The fraction precipitating between 50 and 65% saturation with ammonium sulphate was collected, desalted, sterilized by filtration, and freeze‐dried.The yield of C1 esterase inhibitor was 35%. The method gave a 100‐ to 150‐fold purification on a protein basis. The final preparation contained 2 mg/ml albumin, 6 mg/ml ceruloplasmin and traces of other plasma proteins. The final product passed the test for general safety and was not pyrogenic. To test the effect of the concentrate, 20 ml portions equal in activity to 2 1 of fresh plasma were infused into 5 adults with hereditary angioedema during remission. The activity of C1 esterase inhibitor in the serum of a patient increased from zero to about 75% of normal serum and decreased to about 25% after 24 h.Preliminary observations concerning the risk of transmitting serum hepatitis by the C1 esterase inhibitor concentrate are described.
Presence of Chronic Lymphoid Leukaemia Associated Antigen in Other Malignant Haematological Diseases
Authors: Phan Do Trung , Petrányi Gy. G. , Hollán Susan R. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract. 13 rabbits were immunized each with peripheral blood lymphocytes from one of 13 different patients with chronic lymphoid leukaemia. The antisera were absorbed with human erythrocytes and peripheral blood lymphocytes from normal donors.Absorbed specific antiserum was applied for detecting the presence of chronic lymphoid leukaemia associated antigen on the lymphocytes from 60 patients with chronic lymphoid leukaemia, 8 patients with acute lymphoid leukaemia, 10 with lymphosarcoma, 12 with reticulosarcoma, 11 with Hodgkin's disease, 7 with multiple myeloma and 4 with Waldenström's macroglobulinaemia, further on the lymphocytes from the appendices of 5 healthy donors, on bone marrow lymphocytes of one healthy subject, on the thymocytes of 4 human embryos, and on lymphocytes isolated from the peripheral blood of 157 normal donors.The absorbed antisera were highly reactive with cells from 60/60 patients with chronic lymphoid leukaemia, 5/5 patients with acute lymphoid leukaemia, and 7/10 patients with lymphosarcoma. The lymphocytes of three acute lymphoid leukaemia patients in the phase of remission failed to react with the absorbed specific antiserum. The absorbed antisera failed to react by cytotoxicity against lymphocytes from other types of malignant lymphoma, and against those from patients with acute and chronic myeloid leukaemia, and against T and B lymphocytes from normal donors.
Kinetic Studies on the Direct Solid Phase Radioimmunoassay for Hepatitis B Antigen
Authors: Prince Alfred M. , Jass Dan 
Published: March 2009

Abstract. Kinetic studies have revealed the direct solid phase radioimmunoassay for hepatitis B antigen (Ausria, Abbott Laboratories) to be markedly sensitive to incubation temperature. The present 18‐hour room temperature incubation can be reduced to 2 h at 50 °C without loss in test sensitivity. The rapid test is also considerably more specific than that carried out under standard conditions.If licensed, this modification would permit HB Ag screening by RIA to be carried out on labile blood products.
Absence of B Antibody in a Blood Group A1 Person1
Authors: Springer G. F. , Tegtmeyer Herta 
Published: March 2009

Abstract. A healthy Caucasian woman who possessed blood groups A2H(O) on her red cells as well as in her saliva and serum had no anti‐blood group B ‘complete’ or ‘incomplete’ agglutinins nor hemolysins as determined either on whole serum or its concentrated β‐γ‐globulin fraction. No anti‐B antibody was stimulated by immunization with highly active human blood group B glycoprotein.No blood group B antigenic determinants were demonstrable on the proposita's red cells or in her saliva by any of numerous serological and enzymatic methods at various red cell concentrations between 2 and 37 °C, nor by the highly sensitive immunoglobulin‐latex test. Immunization with the proposita's red cells did not elicit anti‐blood group B antibodies in chickens or rabbits. Blood groups A and O but not B occurred in members of this woman's family which was studied through 3 generations.
Antigens Aua, i and P1 of Cells of the Dominant Type of Lu(a–b–)
Authors: Crawford Mary N. , Tippett Patricia , Sanger Ruth 
Published: March 2009

Abstract. Red cells of the dominant type of Lu(a–b–) have long been known to be too often Au(a–); too often also are they deficient in the antigens i and P1.Through the kindness of colleagues we were able to test most members of the eight Lu(a–b–) kindred ourselves: for information about those members whom we did not test we thank Dr. B. P. L. Moore, Miss Charmaine Brice, Dr. J. Darnborough, Miss Betty Francis (Mrs. Hatcher) and Miss Arden Stanbury.
A New Solid Phase Radioimmunoassay (CLB‐RIA) for the Detection of Hepatitis‐B Antigen and Antibody
Authors: Duimel W. J. , Brummelhuis H. G. J. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract. A new competitive solid phase radioimmunoassay (CLB‐RIA) has been developed for the detection of HBAg and HBAb in human serum and plasma. In the assay, sheep antibodies to HBAg, covalently linked to an insoluble carrier, highly purified 126I labelled HBAg and the serum or plasma sample are incubated for 20 h at room temperature. After incubation, the bound and the free fraction of the tracer are separated by centrifugation.Both the presence of HBAg and HBAb, result in a decrease of the amount of bound tracer, when compared with a negative control serum. Differentiation between HBAg and HBAb requires the use of another type of radioimmunoassay. For this purpose a sandwich solid phase radioimmunoassay, for the detection of HBAb only, has been developed (CLB‐AURIA). In this, assay‐purified HBAg is covalently linked to an insoluble carrier. Using a mixture of both immunosorbents (insolubilized HBAg and HBAb), it is possible to detect and to distinguish HBAg and HBAb in one single solid phase radioimmunoassay (CLB‐MIRIA).The influence of three parameters on the CLB‐RIA, the incubation time, the amount of tracer and the effect of Tween‐20 has been studied. The sensitivity of the described solid phase CLB‐RIA for the detection of HBAg is comparable to that of other radioimmunoassays reported in literature; its specificity is very high.
Anticomplementary Activity of Human Immunoglobulin G.
Authors: Miekka Shirley I. , Gozze Ivana 
Published: March 2009

Abstract. The anticomplementary activity of IgG can be increased up to 20‐fold by pipetting during the preparation of serial dilutions for the assay of this activity. Albumin, if added to the IgG solution before the serial dilutions, completely prevents this artifactual increase in activity. Polyethylene glycol, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, methyl cellulose, gelatin and octanol are also effective stabilizers of IgG.Repeated pipetting of IgG solutions caused marked linear increase in their anticomplementary activity. The formed anticomplementary activity was due to small amounts of highly aggregated protein. The amount of activity formed depended on at least four factors: [1] the number of pipetting steps; [2] the IgG concentration; [3] the level of albumin or other stabilizers, and [4] the pH, which influences the stabilization by albumin.The anticomplementary activity of IgG is increased up to 100‐fold by exposure to gas‐liquid, liquid‐liquid and hydrophobic solid‐liquid interfaces. Albumin and polyethylene glycol prevent the activity increase during these treatments. The tendency of IgG to aggregate at interfaces and the ability of albumin and other substances to prevent the aggregation paralleled their rate of adsorption to the air‐water interface. Solutions of dansyl chloride in decane emulsified in aqueous solutions of IgG and albumin specifically label the proteins at the liquid‐liquid interfaces. The mechanism of stabilization can be explained by preferential adsorption of surface‐active proteins and polymers.
Immunological Abnormalities in the Sera of IgA‐Deficient Blood Donors
Authors: Koistinen J. , Sarna S. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract. Immunological abnormalities of 163 IgA‐deficient blood donors were studied. Anti‐IgA antibodies were found in 15, anti‐IgG antibodies (measured by the Ripley test) in 34, latex test positivity in 21, anti‐IgM antibodies in 9 and antibodies against bovine milk in 41 sera. These numbers differed significantly from the control groups of normal blood donors. In the studies of thyroglobulin antibodies, antinuclear antibodies and blood group A and B isoagglutinins there was no difference from the controls.Interrelationships of all findings were studied by statistical analysis. Correlations were found between latex and Ripley tests and rheumatic disorders as well as between high age and anti‐IgA and anti‐IgM antibodies. Male subjects had antibodies against bovine milk more often than females. Otherwise no striking findings were brought up by the statistical analysis.
Effects of Proteases and Neuraminidase on RBC Surface Charge and Agglutination
Authors: Luner Stephen J. , Sturgeon Phillip , Szklarek Dorothy , McQuiston Dorothy T. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract. Electrophoretic mobility, membrane sialic acid content and agglutinability by ‘incomplete’ antisera against Rho, hr” and k antigens were determined for red blood cells in the course of treatment with trypsin, ficin and neuraminidase. Neuraminidase gradually produced a slight to moderate agglutinability as it reduced surface charge density in proportion to the amount of sialic acid removed. Proteases acted in two distinct steps. The first stage is characterized by the cells rapidly becoming highly agglutinable and by the unmasking of new negative charge as the first half of the sialic acid is removed. In the second stage the cells show a slight gain in agglutinability as surface charge is removed in proportion to sialic acid removal as in the case of neuraminidase.Neuraminidase‐treated cells are considerably less agglutinable than cells reduced to the same ζ‐potential by protease treatment. The greater efficacy of proteases compared to neuraminidase in making cells agglutinable could be because they not only reduce surface charge density but also increase antigen‐antibody bond strength, render antigens more mobile in the membrane to allow clustering in regions of cell to cell antibody bridging and remove glycopeptide chains which may be causing steric hindrance to antigen‐antibody binding or to cell‐cell contact.
Groups of α‐d‐Galactosyltransferase Activity in Sera of Individuals with Normal B Phenotype
Authors: Badet J. , Ropars C. , Cartron J. P. , Doinel C. , Salmon C. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract. In the Paris population of blood donors with normal B phenotype, two groups can be formed owing to their respective serum α‐d‐galactosyltransferase activity and red cell agglutinability with an anti‐B antibody. Both parameters are closely correlated. The agglutinability groups partially overlap.In an African population from various ethnical origins, this correlation was observed only in some individuals. 11 among 20 subjects belonged to a third group defined by a high transferase activity. The third group with the strongest agglutinability previously described by Gibbs et al. [6] were not encountered. On the other hand, serum transferase activity varied inversely as agglutination scores with anti‐H (Ulex). Both parameters are closely correlated but not in the same way in Caucasian as in African individuals. In the latter, this relation does not depend on the agglutinability group. The H antigen strength variability, according to ethnical origins, may explain these results.
Familial Clustering of Selective IgA Deficiency
Authors: Koistinen J. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract. Serum IgA levels of 35 healthy IgA‐deficient index cases, of their 180 first‐degree relatives, and of 31 other family members were studied. IgA deficiency was detected in 7.2% of the first‐degree relatives, which is significantly more than the 0.25% frequency of IgA deficiency in healthy Finnish blood donors. Subnormal serum IgA levels were found in additional 13 (7.2%) first‐degree relatives. The familial clustering of IgA deficiency seemed to be controlled by multigenic factors.IgA‐deficient persons and their family members were tested for antinuclear and antithyroid antibodies, for rheumatoid factor (by latex test) and for other anti‐IgG antibodies (by Ripley test). Antibodies against bovine milk were also studied. The relatives of IgA‐deficient persons did not have more of these antibodies than the controls. It is suggested that various serological abnormalities are a consequence of the IgA deficiency rather than of genetic defects per se.
Optimal Conditions for the Use of Sulphydryl Compounds in Dissociating Red Cell Antibodies
Authors: Freedman J. , Masters C. A. , Newlands M. , Mollison P. L. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract. Optimal conditions for the use of 2‐mercaptoethanol (2‐ME) and dithiothreitol (DTT) in the inactivation of IgM red cell antibodies were investigated. 0.2 m 2‐ME was better than 0.01 m DTT; higher concentrations of these two substances could not conveniently be used because of gel formation. Incubation at 37°C led to far more rapid inactivation than incubation at 22°C; with 2‐ME a period of 15 min at 37°C was sufficient except with very potent antibodies, which were not inactivated even after 3 h incubation. When indirect antiglobulin tests were carried out on 2‐ME‐treated serum which had not been dialysed, false‐positive results were obtained, although only with the mixture of equal volumes of undiluted serum and of 2‐ME; results were negative in tests on dilutions of the mixture in saline. False‐positive results could also be avoided by incubating the serum for 3 h with iodoacetamide, but this method also involves dilution of the serum.The only method whereby 2‐ME‐treated serum can be tested without diluting it and without obtaining false‐positive reactions is to dialyse it overnight against saline. Since this method also gets rid of the noxious smell of 2‐ME it is to be preferred for most purposes.
Serological Studies on an α‐D‐Galactosyl‐Binding Lectin Isolated from Bandeiraea simplicifolia Seeds
Authors: Judd W. J. , Steiner E. A. , Friedman B. A. , Hayes C. E. , Goldstein I. J. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract. The serological characteristics of a highly purified α‐D‐galactosyl‐binding lectin, isolated from extracts of Bandeiraea simplicifolia seeds, are described. These studies show that the lectin preferentially agglutinates group B red cells and in addition has the capacity to distinguish between group A1 and group A2 erythrocytes.Since the lectin is not absolutely specific for group B red cells, it is therefore unsuitable as an anti‐B blood typing reagent. However, the reactions obtained against Tn and ‘acquired‐B’ red cells suggest that it may be of value in the elucidation and classification of red cell polyagglutinable states.
Automated Readout of the BG‐8 Blood‐Grouping Machine
Authors: Rechsteiner J. , Benjamin C. J. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract. An automated readout device recording light transmission in the eight channels of the BG‐8 blood‐grouping machine after removal of agglutinates is described.Using a continuous recording of positive or negative signals in the eight channels independently, 7.5% of 10,000 blood group determinations had to be retested because of clots in the samples, lacking reactions or excess reactions on the recorder. No incorrect recordings of blood groups were obtained, however. Using anti‐D serum together with anti‐CDE serum, the rhesus D factor was correctly detected in 99.92% of 3,891 samples, and the Du factor was detected in all 5 samples known to carry this antigen.Using a discontinuous recording of integrated and synchronised signals, adapted to fully automated data processing, another 5% of the samples had to be retested because of inadequate phasing of the reactions in the eight channels of the BG‐8. The results described are influenced by the poor quality of the blood samples used for the study.
Electron Microscopic Observations on the H Antigen Sites of Human Erythrocytes Using Ferritin Antibody Conjugates
Authors: Matsukura Yutaka 
Published: March 2009

Abstract. Using immunoelectron microscopy, the distribution of the H antigen sites on human erythrocytes was observed in 40 samples of adult, newborn and fetal blood of different ABO phenotypes. The attached ferritin particles indicating the H antigen sites conspicuously varied in number from cell to cell in every specimen. The number of H antigen sites per single red cell was estimated on an average for each sample as follows: 0, 3 × 105; B, 2 × 105; A1, 1.5 × 105; A1B, 105; A2B, 1.5 × 105; Ax, 2.5 × 106; A ×B, 105; Bm, 4 × 105; Bw(leukemia), 4 × lo5; O(newborn), 2.5 × 105; B(newborn), 3 × 105; A1(new‐born), 1.5 × 105; A1B(newborn), 2 × 105; A1B(fetus), 105.The cells in each sample were divided into six cell‐populations according to the number of H antigen sites present. The ratios of distribution of such cell populations are compared for all samples.
Contributions to the Optimal Use of Human Blood
Authors: Vermeer C. , Soute B. A. M. , Ates G. , Brummelhuis H. G. J. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract. The influence of different variables on the yield of factor VIII in cryoprecipitate as prepared in the Central Laboratory of the Netherlands Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service, was studied. The following conclusions may be drawn:

In case blood should be stored, the use of the anticoagulant solution acid citrate dextrose (ACD) is preferable to citrate phosphate dextrose (CPD) or trisodium citrate (TSC).
The temperature of stored whole blood should not decrease below 8 °C because of a spontaneous precipitation of factor VIII from blood (and plasma) below this temperature.
Cryoprecipitate derived from rapidly frozen plasma (1 min) contains a decreased amount of proteins in comparison with cryoprecipitate prepared from slowly frozen plasma (45 min to 4 h). On the other hand, equal amounts of factor VIII activity were obtained in the precipitate after freezing of plasma at varying rates.
Rapid thawing of plasma results in both higher yields of factor VIII procoagulant activity and a higher specific activity of this factor in the resulting cryoprecipitate.
The sedimentation of cryoprecipitate is completed after 5 min centrifugation at 1,500 g.
At temperatures higher than 8 °C, cryoprecipitated factor VIII starts dissolving into the supernatant plasma or in buffer.
Factor VIII in lyophilized cryoprecipitate is stable at room temperature. At devated temperatures it rapidly looses its activity.
Evidence was obtained that the improvements which are introduced in the preparation of factor VIII do not lead to a product which is less stable in vitro as well as in vivo.
Linkage Studies between HL‐A and GPT Polymorphisms and Other Genetic Markers1
Authors: Goedde H. W. , Stender D. , Saternus K.‐S. , Benkmann Heide‐G. , Hiller Ch. , Stenger O. , Hoppe H. H. , Bleschke H. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract. The phenotypes of 56 families with 126 children from the Hamburg area as well as gene frequencies and segregation of the genetic markers GPT, AP, ADA, AK, PGM1, PGM3, 6‐PGD, CHE, C3, Gc, Tf, Hp and Cp were studied. In regard to linkage, the informative families were correlated to the results of HL‐A and GPT typing. The linkage was tested according to the sequential test by Morton (1955).At the recombination fraction Θ = 0.05, independence could be observed for HL‐A/AP, HL‐A/ADA, HL‐A/PGM1, HL‐A/C3; HL‐A/Gc, HL‐A/Hp and GPT/AP. In the range of Θ = 0.1, for HL‐A/PGM1, HL‐A/Gc and HL‐A/Hp independence was stated. The linkage HL‐A/PGM3, reported first by Lamm et al. (1971), could be confirmed.For other gene loci, linkage to the HL‐A or GPT system could not be proved. But the positive lod scores of HL‐A/GPT, HL‐A/AP and GPT/6‐PGD may give indication for linkage.
Naturally Occurring Human Antibodies with Specificity for Light Chains of Immunoglobulins
Authors: Scherz Rudolf , Pflugshaupt Rolf , Bütler René 
Published: March 2009

Abstract. Human sera of different categories were screened for antibodies against IgA. A surprisingly high incidence of antibodies was observed. All of these antibodies were of restricted specificity, i.e. able to react with one or a few individual IgAs from a panel of eight myeloma proteins used in the screening. In one serum of a patient with selective IgA deficiency an antibody against the allotype A2m(1) was found. Some of the antibodies were shown to belong to the IgG class. The IgA, IgG and IgM content of the antibody‐containing sera was generally increased.Two different antibodies which both reacted with the same individual IgA were studied in detail. The antigen involved could not be detected in normal Caucasian sera but was detectable in some sera of patients with IgA, IgG, IgM or IgD paraproteinemia. The antigenic site was located on the light chain of the Ig molecule but no correlation with either the light chain type or the genetically determined Inv factor was evident.
Automated Readout of Sample Identification and Test Results in a BG‐8 Blood Grouping Machine
Authors: Rechsteiner J. , Benjamin C. J. , Budding R. W. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract. A fully automated readout unit for the BG‐8 blood‐grouping machine, printing Idee identification numbers with matching ABO grouping and rhesus (D) typing results is described. In 6,737 samples, no incorrect blood group was recorded. Two rhesus (D) positive samples were overlooked, however, and 16.4% of the samples had to be retested because of irregular reaction patterns. Better results are to be expected with properly selected test cells and anti‐D serum.The readout unit is easily operated and is not disturbed by clots. The additional equipment needed replaces the modules which were necessary for recording on filter paper.