bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acquisition and reconstruction of the principal components of an image: A novel MRI technique for reducing scanning time
Authors: Cao Yue , Levin David N. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThis article describes a novel MRI technique as well as its variant, which use prior knowledge to acquire and reconstruct the principal components of an image to reduce scanning time. Examples in the application of this technique are given. The implications of these results and the potential in the application of the functional imaging are discussed.
Functional MRI of human motor cortices during overt and imagined finger movements
Authors: Kim Seong‐Gi , Jennings Jonathan E. , Strupp John P. , Andersen Peter , Uǧurbil Kâmil 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA T2*‐weighted echo‐planar imaging technique at 4 T was employed to produce functional maps of the human motor cortices during overt and imagined movements. Tasks required subjects either to perform or imagine a visually cued sequence of digit‐to‐thumb oppositions. The following significant functional changes were observed: (1) Contralateral primary motor cortex showed attenuated activity during the imagined tasks; (2) bilateral supplementary motor area and premotor cortices were active during both the visually instructed movements and the imagined finger movements; and (3) superior parietal cortex showed varying degrees of activation in subjects performing the movement and imagined tasks. In preliminary data, task‐related activation of the primary motor cortex during imagined finger movements was observed in all subjects, suggesting that the motor cortex may indeed have “premotor” functions in addition to its classically assigned function solely as a muscle controller.
Occamian approach in the image restoration and other inverse problems
Authors: Terebizh V. Yu. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA non‐Bayesian approach to inverse problems is discussed in terms of the image restoration problem. The approach is based on the extended notion of the feasible estimate and on the Occam's principle of choosing the simplest object, consistent with the data. The Occamian estimation is performed by transforming the inverse or maximum likelihood estimate to its principal components, which are induced by Fisher's information matrix.
Osteoblast response to fluid induced shear depends on substrate microarchitecture and varies with time
Authors: Schwartz Z. , Denison T.A. , Bannister S.R. , Cochran D.L. , Liu Y.H. , Lohmann C.H. , Wieland M. , Boyan B.D. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractOsteoblasts are exposed to fluid shear in vivo but the effects are not well understood, particularly how substrate properties or length of exposure modify the response. Short exposure (1 h) to shear reduces the stimulatory effect of micron‐scale surface structure on osteoblast differentiation, but the effects of longer term exposures are not known. To test the hypothesis that substrate‐dependent responses of osteoblasts to shear depend on the length of exposure to fluid flow, MG63 osteoblasts were grown on tissue culture glass, which has an average roughness (Ra) < 0.2 μm; machined Ti disks (PT, Ra < 0.6 μm); Ti disks with a complex microarchitecture [sand blasted acid etched (SLA), Ra = 4–5 μm); and Ti plasma‐sprayed surfaces [Ti via plasma spray (TPS), Ra = 7 μm]. Confluent cultures were exposed to pulsatile flow at shear forces of 0, 1, and 14 dynes/cm2 for 0, 6, 12, and 24 h. Shear reduced cell number on all surfaces, with greatest effects on TPS. Shear had no effect on alkaline phosphatase on smooth surfaces but increased enzyme activity on SLA and TPS in a time‐dependent manner. Its effects on osteocalcin, TGF‐β1, and PGE2 in the conditioned media were greatest on these surfaces as well. Responses to fluid‐induced shear were blocked by the general Cox inhibitor indomethacin and the Cox‐2 inhibitor meloxicam, indicating that response to shear is mediated by prostaglandin produced via a Cox‐2 dependent mechanism. These results show that the effects of fluid induced shear change with time and are substrate dependent, suggesting that substrate microarchitecture regulates the osteoblast phenotype and effects of shear are determined by the maturation state of the responding population. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2007
Anti‐proliferative effects of evodiamine on human prostate cancer cell lines DU145 and PC3
Authors: Kan Shu‐Fen , Yu Ching‐Han , Pu Hsiao‐Fung , Hsu Jong‐Ming , Chen Ming‐Jen , Wang Paulus S. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractProstate carcinoma is one of the most common malignant tumors and has become a more common cancer in men. Previous studies demonstrated that evodiamine (EVO) exhibited anti‐tumor activities on several cancers, but its effects on androgen‐independent prostate cancer are unclear. In the present study, the action mechanisms of EVO on the growth of androgen‐independent prostate cancer cells (DU145 and PC3 cells) were explored. EVO dramatically inhibited the growth and elevated cytotocixity of DU145 and PC3 cells. The flow cytometric analysis of EVO‐treated cells indicated a block of G2/M phase and an elevated level of DNA fragmentation. The G2/M arrest was accompanied by elevated Cdc2 kinase activity, an increase in expression of cyclin B1 and phosphorylated Cdc2 (Thr 161), and a decrease in expression of phosphorylated Cdc2 (Tyr 15), Myt‐1, and interphase Cdc25C. TUNEL examination showed that EVO‐induced apoptosis was observed at 72 h. EVO elevated the activities of caspase 3, 8, and 9 in DU145 cells, while in PC3 cells only the activities of caspase 3 and 9 were elevated. EVO also triggered the processing of caspase 3 and 9 in both DU145 and PC3 cells. We demonstrate that roscovitine treatment result in the reversion of G2/M arrest in response to EVO in both DU145 and PC3. However, inhibitory effect of roscovitine on EVO‐induced apoptosis could only be observed in DU145 rather than PC3. In DU145, G2/M arrest might be a signal for initiation of EVO‐triggered apoptosis. Whereas EVO‐triggered PC3 apoptosis might be independent of G2/M arrest. These results suggested that EVO inhibited the growth of prostate cancer cell lines, DU145 and PC3, through an accumulation at G2/M phase and an induction of apoptosis. J. Cell. Biochem. 101: 44–56, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
TIMP‐1 regulates cell proliferation by interacting with the ninth zinc finger domain of PLZF
Authors: Rho Seung Bae , Chung Bo Mee , Lee Je‐Ho 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) are multifunctional proteins that specifically inhibit matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and regulate extracellular matrix (ECM) turnover and tissue remodeling. This is directed by forming tightly bound inhibitory complexes with MMPs. Recent years have revealed important differences of various biological activities between TIMP families but molecular mechanisms are not clear. To define the molecular mechanisms of TIMP‐1‐dependent biological processes, we used TIMP‐1 as bait in a yeast two‐hybrid screen, along with a human ovary cDNA library. Further characterization revealed the ninth zinc finger domain as an interacting domain of the promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger protein (PLZF). Interaction of PLZF with TIMP‐1 in mammalian cells was also confirmed by co‐immunoprecipitation and with in vitro binding assays. We investigated whether TIMP‐1‐mediated anti‐apoptotic activity could promote the growth of ovarian cancer in an experimental model system. TIMP‐1 treatment was found to be more effective at increasing ovarian cancer growth when compared with PLZF in parallel experiments. Subsequently, the efficacy of a combined treatment with TIMP‐1 and PLZF was investigated. In the presence of both of these proteins, TIMP‐1 significantly reduced apoptosis induced by PLZF in cervical carcinoma cells. These combined results indicate that TIMP‐1 functions as an anti‐activator of the transcriptional repressive activity of PLZF. J. Cell. Biochem. 101: 57–67, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evidence for the existence of satellite DNA‐containing connection between metaphase chromosomes
Authors: Kuznetsova I.S. , Enukashvily N.I. , Noniashvili E.M. , Shatrova A.N. , Aksenov N.D. , Zenin V.V. , Dyban A.P. , Podgornaya O.I. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractPhysical connections between mitotic chromosomes have been reported previously. It was assumed that the interchromosome connection was based on the DNA‐protein thread. However, the data about DNA sequences and protein component in the thread is fragmentary. We demonstrated on the mouse cultured cell line and prematurely condensed chromosomes that: (a) all four mouse satellite DNA fragments (major and minor satellite, mouse satellite 3 (MS3) and mouse satellite 4 (MS4)) were involved in the thread formation; (b) MS4 was involved in the thread to the least extent among all the other fragments; (c) telomere was never a member of the thread; (d) the thread was synthesized at a late G2 phase; (e) RNA helicase p68 and CENP‐B were among the protein components of the interchromosome connection. It was shown by FACS analysis that in mouse and human cell lines: (1) the flow karyotype spectrums were never free from chromosome aggregates; (2) chromosome association did not depend on the chromosome length and each chromosome was free to associate with the other. J. Cell. Biochem. 101: 1046–1061, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 is primarily epithelial and is developmentally regulated in the mouse lung
Authors: Wiener Renda Soylemez , Cao Yu Xia , Hinds Anne , Ramirez Maria I. , Williams Mary C. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAngiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) 2 is a carboxypeptidase that shares 42% amino acid homology with ACE. Little is known about the regulation or pattern of expression of ACE2 in the mouse lung, including its definitive cellular distribution or developmental changes. Based on Northern blot and RT‐PCR data, we report two distinct transcripts of ACE2 in the mouse lung and kidney and describe a 5′ exon 1a previously unidentified in the mouse. Western blots show multiple isoforms of ACE2, with predominance of a 75–80 kDa protein in the mouse lung versus a 120 kDa form in the mouse kidney. Immunohistochemistry localizes ACE2 protein to Clara cells, type II cells, and endothelium and smooth muscle of small and medium vessels in the mouse lung. ACE2 mRNA levels peak at embryonic day 18.5 in the mouse lung, and immunostaining demonstrates protein primarily in the bronchiolar epithelium at that developmental time point. In murine cell lines ACE2 is strongly expressed in the Clara cell line mtCC, as opposed to the low mRNA expression detected in E10 (type I‐like alveolar epithelial cell line), MLE‐15 (type II alveolar epithelial cell line), MFLM‐4 (fetal pulmonary vasculature cell line), and BUMPT‐7 (renal proximal tubule cell line). In summary, murine pulmonary ACE2 appears to be primarily epithelial, is developmentally regulated, and has two transcripts that include a previously undescribed exon. J. Cell. Biochem. 101:1278–1291, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Antiproliferative activity of CCN3: Involvement of the C‐terminal module and post‐translational regulation
Authors: Bleau A.M. , Planque N. , Lazar N. , Zambelli D. , Ori A. , Quan T. , Fisher G. , Scotlandi K. , Perbal B. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractPrevious work had suggested that recombinant CCN3 was partially inhibiting cell proliferation. Here we show that native CCN3 protein secreted into the conditioned medium of glioma transfected cells indeed induces a reduction in cell proliferation. Large amounts of CCN3 are shown to accumulate both cytoplasmically and extracellularly as cells reach high density, therefore highlighting new aspects on how cell growth may be regulated by CCN proteins. Evidence is presented establishing that the amount of CCN3 secreted into cell culture medium is regulated by post‐translational proteolysis. As a consequence, the production of CCN3 varies throughout the cell cycle and CCN3 accumulates at the G2/M transition of the cycle. We also show that CCN3‐induced inhibition of cell growth can be partially reversed by specific antibodies raised against a C‐terminal peptide of CCN3. The use of several clones expressing various portions of CCN3 established that the CT module of CCN3 is sufficient to induce cell growth inhibition. J. Cell. Biochem. 101: 1475–1491, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mitochondrial‐targeted active Akt protects SH‐SY5Y neuroblastoma cells from staurosporine‐induced apoptotic cell death
Authors: Mookherjee Paramita , Quintanilla Rodrigo , Roh Myoung‐Sun , Zmijewska Anna A. , Jope Richard S. , Johnson Gail V.W. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAkt is a serine/threonine protein kinase that plays a vital role in promoting cellular survival. Predominantly cytosolic, upon stimulation with growth‐factors or stress, active Akt translocates into mitochondria, but the functions of Akt in mitochondria are not yet fully understood. Mitochondria play a central role in apoptotic pathways and given Akt's functions in the cytoplasm, Akt in mitochondria may help preserve mitochondrial integrity during cellular stress. To test if the translocation of Akt into mitochondria is neuroprotective, adenoviral vectors expressing a constitutively active Akt, Ad‐HA‐Akt (DD), and a constitutively active Akt with a mitochondrial targeting signal, Ad‐Mito‐HA‐Akt (DD), were generated. Human SH‐SY5Y neuroblastoma cells expressing the adenoviral constructs were treated with staurosporine to initiate intrinsic apoptotic cell death and several aspects of the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway were evaluated. Expression of active Akt targeted to mitochondria was found to be sufficient to significantly reduce staurosporine‐induced activation of caspase‐3 and caspase‐9, the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria, and Bax oligomerization at mitochondria. These findings demonstrate that intramitochondrial active Akt results in efficient protection against apoptotic signaling. J. Cell. Biochem. 102: 196–210, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Computational tool to model the packing of polycyclic chains: Structural analysis of amorphous polythiophene
Authors: Curcó David , Alemán Carlos 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA very efficient computational procedure, which was previously developed to generate and relax atomistic models of linear and comb‐like amorphous polymers, has been adapted to model the amorphous phase of polycyclic systems. The strategy, which is a based in a generation algorithm that eliminates the torsion strain and a simple Monte Carlo Metropolis method to relax the generated structures, has been used to predict the density of amorphous polythiophene by combining NVT and NPT simulations. The theoretical value is in the excellent agreement with the experimental one, the former being overestimated by only 3–5%. Next, the molecular conformation and the packing of the rings were studied in detail. Interestingly, the amorphous phase of polythiophene can be described as a packing of elongated molecular chains more or less aligned in the same direction, in which the thiophene rings close in the space but belonging to different chains tend to adopt approximate parallel or antiparallel displaced π‐stacked arrangements. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2007
A simple procedure for the rapid immunofluorescence staining of human tumor antigens with human monoclonal antibodies
Authors: Glassy Mark C , Gaffar S. A. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA novel technique employed in preparing slides used for immunofluorescence staining of human tumor antigens with human anti‐cancer monoclonal antibodies is described. The anchorage of the cancer cells to the plastic substratum is used as a basis in eliminating cell fixation by physical and chemical procedures. In this method, the bottoms of the tissue culture flasks with the adherent A431 cell line, a carcinoma of the vulva, were cut into slides of 2 × 6 cm. This antigen‐positive target cell was then reacted with the VLN3G2 monoclonal IgG antibody and with the fluorescein‐labeled F(ab′)2 of goat anti‐human IgG. Most A431 cells demonstrated intense fluorescence staining while others exhibited diffuse and often discontinuous membrane staining with the antibodies. In summary, this simplistic technique can be applied for the rapid detection of antigens displayed by the adherent tumor cell lines.
Synthetic peptide derived from the epstein‐barr virus encoded early diffuse antigen (ea‐d) reactive with human antibodies
Authors: Fox Robert I. , Scott Susan , Houghten Richard , Whalley Alice , Geltofsky Jack , Vaughan John , Smith Richard 
Published: March 2007

AbstractPrimary infection with Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) and reactivation of latent virus are associated with increased antibody titers against the diffuse early antigen (EA‐D). In order to better define the antigenic epitopes recognized by antibodies from patients with infectious mononucleosis (IM) and with other disease states, a series of synthetic peptides were prepared based on the DNA sequence encoding the EA‐D molecule. One synthetic peptide (K7b) was reactive with the majority of sera from patients with acute IM. Anti‐K7b activity was most readily detected among IgM and IgA antibodies and to a lesser extent among IgG antibodies. In contrast, significant elevations of anti‐K7b activity were observed in less than 5% of healthy adults. Serial analysis of samples from individuals prior to and after exposure to EBV demonstrated increased anti‐K7b reactivity associated with the symptoms of acute IM. Elevated anti‐peptide K7b titers also were found in sera of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma and with Sjogren's syndrome (an autoimmune disease involving the salivary glands). Four different synthetic peptides from other regions of the EA‐D molecule were not reactive with antibodies from these patients nor from IM patients. These results suggest that peptide K7b defines an antigenic epitope recognized during primary EBV infection and during viral reactivation occurring in patients with autoimmune and neoplastic disease.
Simultaneous measurement of serum retinol, tocopherols, carotenes, and carotenoids by high performance liquid chromatography
Authors: Kaplan L. A. , Miller J. A. , Stein E. A. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAn isocratic, high‐performance liquid chromatography method is presented for the simultaneous analysis of retinol, tocopherols, carotenes, and other carotenoids. The method employs detection at two wavelengths (292 and 450 nm) and three internal standards, which are: retinyl acetate, alpha‐tocopheryl acetate, and retinyl palmitate. The use of the internal standards is important for accurate quantitation, especially to correct for recovery of beta‐carotene. The long‐term (n = 81, over three months) precision of the method ranged from a coefficient of variation of 8.2% for retinol to 16% for lycopene. This assay system provides accurate, precise, and rapid analysis and is suitable for longitudinal and cross‐sectional large‐scale epidemiological studies of these vitamins.
Serologic and cellular assays to monitor therapy with murine monoclonal antibodies
Authors: Shawler Daniel L. , McCallister Tammy J. , Sobol Robert E. , Dillman Robert O. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe emergence of new therapeutic modalities frequently requires development of relevant laboratory assays. This is especially true for the clinical uses of newly developed reagents such as murine monoclonal antibodies. We have described immunofluorescence, immunohistochemical, and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) for monitoring anticancer therapy with monoclonal antibodies. Immunofluorescence assays performed on single cell suspensions and immunohistochemical assays performed on freshly frozen biopsy tissue have confirmed tissue reactivity of the monoclonal antibody prior to infusion and have been used to measure in vivo antibody binding to target cells as well as antigenic modulation during therapy. An ELISA has been used to measure the serum concentrations of monoclonal antibodies; another ELISA has been used to detect the presence of human antibodies reactive with murine monoclonal antibody. These reproducible assays can be performed with commercially available reagents and provide an important data base for making clinical decisions concerning therapy with monoclonal antibodies.
Dry‐phase technology for immunoassays
Authors: Morris D. L. , Ledden D. J. , Boguslaski R. C. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractDry‐phase immunoassay technologies are reviewed. The systems described include the incorporation of homogeneous immunoassay technologies, such as SLFIA, ARIS, and enzyme‐channeling methods, into paper strips. Also described are the different approaches to integrating ELISA methods into multizoned reagent devices that allow convenient automated or manual assays.
Generation of region‐specific antibodies to modified proteins
Authors: Curtiss Linda K. , Steinbrecher Urs P. , Witztum Joseph L. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractNonenzymatic modifications of the ϵ‐ amine of lysine residues in proteins have been described in diabetes, uremia, high‐dose aspirin therapy, and alcoholism. In this review, we describe the generation of lysine‐modification‐specific antibodies that can be used to identify and to quantitate nonenzymatic glucosylation, carbamylation, acetylation, ethylation, or methylation of lysine residues. Polyvalent or monoclonal antibodies that are absolutely specific for the lysine‐specific modification are obtained by immunization with modified autologous or homologous low‐density plasma lipoproteins.
Chemosensitivity testing of small biopsy specimens
Authors: Kern David H. , Morgan Carol R. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractChemosensitivity testing has usually been limited to tumor specimens of 2–3 g or more. We evaluated the miniaturized, improved nucleic acid precursor incorporation assay (MINI‐assay) in 100 small biopsy specimens of 1 g or less. Tumor types included malignant melanomas; sarcomas; and breast, colon, lung, and ovarian carcinomas. Overall, 74/100 were evaluable. The evaluability rate was related to size: 41/48 (85%) 0.7–1.0‐g specimens were evaluable, as opposed to 22/35 (64%) 0.4–0.6‐g and 11/17 (64%) 0.1–0.3‐g specimens. Evaluability was not correlated with tumor types or whether the tumor was from a primary or metastatic site, but was related to yield of viable tumor cells. No viable tumor cells were obtained in 17 specimens, and thus no assay was performed. When 105 cells per well were plated, 49/54 (91%) assays were evaluable, but only 25/29 (86%) were successful when fewer cells were used. Four or more anticancer drugs could be tested in 69/74 (95%) of the evaluable assays. Yielding high evaluability rates and requiring fewer viable cells, the MINI‐assay has allowed us to perform chemosensitivity tests on previously unusable biopsy specimens.
Total triiodothyronine by fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA)
Authors: Armbruster Dave , Harris Roderick , Scarbrough Rhonda , Tamez Carlos 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA semiautomated fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA) for total T3 performed using the TDx analyzer has been evaluated. Precision of the assay at a low level of T3 (<1.0 ng/mL) is not good with CVs of about 17% observed. Precision at moderate to high levels (1.7–5.6 ng/mL) is good (CVs = 11.3−4.1%). Low end imprecision is attributable to a lack of sensitivity, with a reliable detection limit of only about 0.9 ng/mL. An average recovery of added T3 of 96% was noted, and the assay is not affected by interference due to lipemia, bilirubinemia, or hemolysis. A methods comparison study of the FPIA test and total T3 by RIA yielded a regression equation of Y = 1.08 × −.28, r = 0.95. The TDx FPIA total T3 test is a quick, semiautomated procedure, offering the advantage of a stable, stored calibration curve. It is useful for quantitating elevated levels of total T3 as found in hyperthyroid conditions, and its performance is comparable to or better than RIA procedures for this purpose. However, it cannot be recommended for the evaluation of patients with T3 values below 1.0 ng/mL, and RIA tests are still preferable for this analytical range.