bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sexual dimorphism of body composition and insulin sensitivity across pubertal development in obese Caucasian subjects
Authors: Brufani Claudia , Tozzi Alberto , Fintini Danilo , Ciampalini Paolo , Grossi Armando , Fiori Rossana , Kiepe Daniela , Manco Melania , Schiaffini Riccardo , Porzio Ottavia , Cappa Marco , Barbetti Fabrizio 
Published: February 2009

BackgroundPuberty is a period of rapid growth associated with metabolic, hormonal, and body composition changes that can influence risk factors for chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes.ObjectiveTo evaluate body composition and insulin sensitivity (IS) modifications throughout puberty in a large group of obese Caucasian subjects.MethodsFive hundred and nineteen obese subjects (4–19 years), grouped according to gender and Tanner stage (T), underwent oral glucose tolerance test. Quantitative insulin check index (QUICKI) and ISI were calculated as indexes of IS. In 309 subjects, body composition by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, IGF1, adiponectin, and leptin were also evaluated.ResultsBody composition modifications were sexually dimorphic, with girls not modifying fat and lean percentage and fat distribution (P>0.15), and boys decreasing fat percentage and increasing lean percentage and central fat depot (P<0.001) across Ts. IS decreased during mid-puberty and returned to prepubertal levels by the end of puberty. Girls showed lower IS than boys (P<0.01 and =0.03 for QUICKI and ISI respectively). In multivariate analysis factors that negatively influenced IS, independently from T or age, were total fat mass and central fat depot in girls (P<0.05 and <0.01, respectively), total fat and lean mass in boys (P<0.01). IGF1, adiponectin, and leptin were not related to pubertal IS.ConclusionsIn obese Caucasian subjects, further decrease of IS observed during puberty is a transient phenomenon. Factors that independently from T or age influence IS are central fat depot in girls, lean amount in boys, and total fat mass in both sexes.
FBF and Its Dual Control of gld-1 Expression in the Caenorhabditis elegans Germline
Authors: Suh Nayoung , Crittenden Sarah L , Goldstrohm Aaron , Hook Brad , Thompson Beth , Wickens Marvin , Kimble Judith 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
FBF, a PUF RNA-binding protein, is a key regulator of the mitosis/meiosis decision in the Caenorhabditis elegans germline. Genetically, FBF has a dual role in this decision: it maintains germ cells in mitosis, but it also facilitates entry into meiosis. In this article, we explore the molecular basis of that dual role. Previous work showed that FBF downregulates gld-1 expression to promote mitosis and that the GLD-2 poly(A) polymerase upregulates gld-1 expression to reinforce the decision to enter meiosis. Here we ask whether FBF can act as both a negative regulator and a positive regulator of gld-1 expression and also investigate its molecular mechanisms of control. We first show that FBF co-immunoprecipitates with gld-1 mRNA, a result that complements previous evidence that FBF directly controls gld-1 mRNA. Then we show that FBF represses gld-1 expression, that FBF physically interacts with the CCF-1/Pop2p deadenylase and can stimulate deadenylation in vitro, and that CCF-1 is partially responsible for maintaining low GLD-1 in the mitotic region. Finally, we show that FBF can elevate gld-1 expression, that FBF physically interacts with the GLD-2 poly(A) polymerase, and that FBF can enhance GLD-2 poly(A) polymerase activity in vitro. We propose that FBF can affect polyadenylation either negatively by its CCF-1 interaction or positively by its GLD-2 interaction.
Parentage and Sibship Inference From Multilocus Genotype Data Under Polygamy
Authors: Wang J , Santure A W 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
Likelihood methods have been developed to partition individuals in a sample into sibling clusters using genetic marker data without parental information. Most of these methods assume either both sexes are monogamous to infer full sibships only or only one sex is polygamous to infer full sibships and paternal or maternal (but not both) half sibships. We extend our previous method to the more general case of both sexes being polygamous to infer full sibships, paternal half sibships, and maternal half sibships and to the case of a two-generation sample of individuals to infer parentage jointly with sibships. The extension not only expands enormously the scope of application of the method, but also increases its statistical power. The method is implemented for both diploid and haplodiploid species and for codominant and dominant markers, with mutations and genotyping errors accommodated. The performance and robustness of the method are evaluated by analyzing both simulated and empirical data sets. Our method is shown to be much more powerful than pairwise methods in both parentage and sibship assignments because of the more efficient use of marker information. It is little affected by inbreeding in parents and is moderately robust to nonrandom mating and linkage of markers. We also show that individually much less informative markers, such as SNPs or AFLPs, can reach the same power for parentage and sibship inferences as the highly informative marker simple sequence repeats (SSRs), as long as a sufficient number of loci are employed in the analysis.
Expression of IL-1β, MMP-9 and TIMP-1 on the Pressure Side of Gingiva under Orthodontic Loading
Authors: Lee Tae-Yeon , Lee Kee-Joon , Baik Hyoung-Seon 
Published: February 2009

AbstractObjectives: To test the hypothesis that orthodontic pressure does not induce gene transcription of IL-1β, MMP-9, and TIMP-1 in pressure gingival soft tissue.Materials and Methods: A total of 14 male Wistar rats were used with three rats as no appliance controls and another three as the sham appliance group. On the 7th and the 14th day after orthodontic loading on the maxillary left molar, four rats were sacrificed, respectively. Maxillary right first molars served as the contralateral control side. A real-time RT-PCR for the excised gingiva was performed to measure the mRNA of IL-1β, MMP-9, and TIMP-1.Results: Compared with the contralateral side, IL-1β mRNA from the pressure side significantly increased on the 7th day, then decreased on the 14th day (P &lt; .05). MMP-9 and TIMP-1 mRNA showed a significant constant increase on both the 7th and the 14th day (P &lt; .05).Conclusions: The hypothesis is rejected. Orthodontic loading led to increases in IL-1β, MMP-9, and TIMP-1 mRNA in pressure side gingiva in rats.
The Temporomandibular Joint in a Rheumatoid Arthritis Patient after Orthodontic Treatment
Authors: Sasaguri Kenichi , Ishizaki-Takeuchi Rika , Kuramae Sakurako , Tanaka Eliana Midori , Sakurai Takashi , Sato Sadao 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
A 32-year-old Japanese female patient consulted the authors' dental clinic with a 4.5-year history of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). She complained of pain during mouth opening and difficulty in eating due to masticatory dysfunction caused by an anterior open bite. Imaging showed severe erosion and flattening of both condyles. RA stabilized after pharmacological therapy and became inactive during the orthodontic therapy aimed at reconstructing an optimal occlusion capable of promoting functional repositioning of the mandible. At present, 4 years and 2 months postretention, the reconstructed occlusion remains stable, and both condyles continue to be remodeled. The distance from reference position to intercuspal position has gradually decreased throughout the 4-year posttreatment and postretention periods. Orthodontic therapy that comprehensively reconstructs occlusion and enhances the functioning of the mandible can induce remodeling of eroded condyles, even those with a history of rheumatoid arthritis.
Tooth Whitening Effects on Bracket Bond Strength In Vivo
Authors: Mullins Joseph M. , Kao Elizabeth C. , Martin Chris A. , Gunel Erdogan , Ngan Peter 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
Objective: To test the hypothesis that there is no difference between the bracket survival rate of brackets bonded to bleached and unbleached teeth.
Materials and Methods: Thirty-eight patients who required comprehensive orthodontic treatment were included in the study. A split mouth technique was used with one arch exposed to in-office whitening gel containing 38% hydrogen peroxide for 30 minutes, while the unbleached arch served as the control. Patients were divided into two groups: Brackets bonded within 24 hours after bleaching and brackets bonded 2–3 weeks after bleaching. The bracket survival rate was computed using the log-rank test (Kaplan-Meier Analysis).
Results: A significantly higher rate of bracket failure was found with bleached teeth (16.6%) compared with unbleached teeth (1.8%) after 180 days. Brackets bonded within 24 hours of bleaching resulted in significantly higher clinical failure (14.5%) compared with those bonded after 3 weeks (2.1%). Adhesive Remnant Index scores of failed brackets revealed that the majority of failure in bleached teeth occurred in the enamel/resin interface.
Conclusions: The hypothesis was rejected. Brackets bonded within 24 hours after bleaching have a significantly higher risk for bond failure. Orthodontic bonding should be delayed for 2–3 weeks if patients have a history of in-office bleaching with 38% hydrogen peroxide.
Biomechanical Effects of Fixed Functional Appliance on Craniofacial Structures
Authors: Panigrahi Priyankar , Vineeth Varadarajan 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
Objective: To evaluate displacement and stress distribution on craniofacial structures associated with fixed functional therapy.
Materials and Methods: A finite element model of the human skull was constructed from sequential computed tomography images at 2-mm intervals using a dry adult human skull. In this study, linear, four-nodal, tetramesh and triangular shell elements were used with six degrees of freedom at each of their unstrained nodes: three translations (x, y, and z) and three rotations (around the x-, y-, and z-axes).
Results: The entire mandible moved anteroinferiorly. Maximum displacement was observed in the parasymphyseal and midsymphyseal regions. The pterygoid plate was displaced in a posterosuperior direction. The anteroinferior displacement of the mandibular dentition was most pronounced in the incisor region, while the maxillary dentition was displaced posterosuperiorly. The entire dentition experienced tensile stress except for the maxillary posterior teeth. Tensile stress was also demonstrated at point A, the pterygoid plates, and the mandible, and minimal compressive stress was demonstrated at anterior nasal spine. Maximum tensile stress and von Mises stresses occurred in the condylar neck and head.
Conclusion: Fixed functional therapy causes a posterosuperior displacement of the maxillary dentition and pterygoid plate and thus can contribute to the correction of Class II malocclusion. The displacement was more pronounced in the dentoalveolar region as compared to the skeletal displacement. All dentoalveolar structures experienced tensile stress, except for anterior nasal spine and the maxillary posterior teeth.
Piloting a Patient-based Questionnaire to Assess Patient Satisfaction with the Process of Orthodontic Treatment
Authors: McNair Annalise , Drage Karen J. , Ireland Anthony J. , Sandy Jonathan R. , Williams Alison C. 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
Objective: To test the scientific properties of a patient-based questionnaire developed to measure adolescent patient's satisfaction with the process of orthodontic treatment.
Materials and Methods: Forty-nine consecutive patients aged 9 to 17 years undergoing orthodontic treatment were asked to complete the questionnaire on two separate occasions. Test-retest reliability, readability, ease of administration, criterion validity, and construct validity were tested. All patients answered the questionnaire at time 1 and took part in the construct validity study. Ten patients took part in an ease of administration study and 17 patients took part in the criterion validity study.
Results: Thirty-one patients completed the questionnaire at time 2, giving a response rate of 63.3%. The test-retest reliability was excellent in one section, moderate in six sections, and poor in one. The questionnaire had a Flesch Reading Score of 79.8, equivalent to a reading age of 10 years and was easily administered in 5 to 15 minutes. Although the construct validity of the questionnaire was excellent in five of the six measures and moderate in the other, the criterion validity was poor for 7 of the 14 items selected to test.
Conclusion: This pilot study demonstrates the need to test a questionnaire before use in audit or research.
TMD in Consecutive Patients Referred for Orthognathic Surgery
Authors: Abrahamsson Cecilia , Ekberg Ewa Carin , Henrikson Thor , Nilner Maria , Sunzel Bo , Bondemark Lars 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
Objective: To answer the question whether temporomandibular disorders (TMD) were more common in a group of individuals referred for orthognathic surgery than in a control group. The null hypothesis was that neither the frequency of signs and symptoms of TMD or diagnosed TMD would differ between the patient group and a control group.
Materials and Methods: A sample of 121 consecutive patients referred for orthognathic surgery at the Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, Malmö University Hospital, Sweden, was interviewed and examined regarding signs and symptoms of TMD and headaches. A control group was formed by 56 age- and gender-matched individuals attending the Department of Oral Diagnosis, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Sweden, and Public Dental Health Clinic in Oxie, County of Skane, Sweden. TMD diagnoses were used according to Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD).
Results: The patient group showed more myofascial pain without limited opening, disc displacement with reduction, and arthralgia according to RDC/TMD than the control group. The patient group also had more symptoms and signs of TMD in general.
Conclusions: The null hypothesis was rejected because patients who were to be treated with orthognathic surgery had more signs and symptoms of TMD and higher frequency of diagnosed TMD compared with the matched control group.
Shear Bond Strength of Orthodontic Brackets Bonded to Provisional Crown Materials Utilizing Two Different Adhesives
Authors: Rambhia Sameer , Heshmati Reza , Dhuru Virendra , Iacopino Anthony 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
Objective: To test the hypothesis that there is no difference in the shear bond strength of brackets bonded to provisional crown materials (PCMs) using two adhesive agents.
Materials and Methods: Four PCMs were tested: Integrity, Jet, Protemp, and Snap. Forty cylindrical specimens of 10 mm diameter × 5 mm were prepared for each PCM. Ten specimens from each group were bonded to one of the two brackets, Clarity or Victory, using one of the two adhesives, Fuji Ortho LC or Ortho Bracket Adhesive. The brackets were debonded in shear at a cross-head speed of 5 mm/min, and the shear bond strength (SBS) was calculated. The type of failure was visually determined. The numeric data were analyzed using three-way analysis of variance and Tukey multiple range test at α = .05.
Results: The mean SBSs ranged from 2.81 MPa to 9.65 MPa. There was a significant difference between Snap and the other three materials (P &lt; .0001). There was no significant difference between the two brackets or the two adhesives (P &gt; .05). The bond failure for all the specimens was of the adhesive type between the PCM and the adhesive resin.
Conclusions: The PCM Snap yielded a significantly lower mean SBS value compared to the other three materials. No significant differences were found between the brackets or the adhesives. The bond failure was of the adhesive type.
Regulation of the Response of the Adult Rat Condyle to Intermaxillary Asymmetric Force by the RANKL-OPG System
Authors: Xu Yue , Wu Tuojiang , Chen Yangxi , Zhang Zhiguang 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
Objective: To test the hypothesis that the RANKL-OPG system in the subchondral bone of adult rat condyles does not vary in response to different values of intermaxillary asymmetrical forces.
Materials and Methods: The mandibular rami of 160 Sprague-Dawley rats (3 months old) were subjected to unilateral traction in the anterior-superior direction using an elastic force. We used 120 g and 40 g as the initial elastic forces, and then removed the traction after 28 days. The expression of RANKL and OPG in the subchondral bone of the condyles was analyzed by semiquantitative immunohistochemistry.
Results: Different force levels induced similar changes in the expression of the OPG protein by 28 days. However, the effect of a 120-g elastic force on the expression of RANKL was stronger than that of a 40-g force. Because of the asynchrony of RANKL responses to external forces of different values, the values of RANKL/OPG ratio showed characteristic variation. The RANKL/ OPG ratio in the side treated with heavy force showed a distinct negative correlation with the value obtained when a light force was used.
Conclusions: The hypothesis is rejected. Different values or traction force cause a variation of the RANKL/OPG ratio through the expression of RANKL protein, modulating the activities of bone remodeling in the subchondral bone of condyle.
Influence of Patient Financial Account Status on Orthodontic Appointment Attendance
Authors: Lindauer Steven J. , Powell Jacob A. , Leypoldt Brian C. , Tufekci Eser , Shroff Bhavna 
Published: February 2009

AbstractObjective: To test the null hypothesis that the financial status of a patient's orthodontic contract and other patient and appointment characteristics have no influence on appointment attendance.Materials and Methods: During a 6-week period, the last appointment of each active, non-Medicaid patient (n = 538) was recorded as either kept or missed. The financial status of the patient's contract, age, sex, method by which the appointment was made, and the type of appointment scheduled were recorded. Associations between each of these factors and appointment attendance were evaluated using χ2 analysis. In the case of patients who missed their appointment, attendance at the subsequent reappointment was also evaluated.Results: The overall appointment failure rate was 12.3%. Males (16.2%) were significantly more likely than females (9.5%) to miss appointments (P = .02). Also, appointments made by postcard (28.2%) were more likely to be missed than those made in person (11.8%) or by phone (6.5%) (P = .003). The most significant factor affecting appointment attendance was the patient's financial status (P = .0001). Patients with accounts that were overdue (33.3%) or in collections (28.6%) were more likely to miss appointments than those whose accounts were current (10.5%). Of patients who missed their appointment (n = 66), 30% also missed the subsequent reappointment.Conclusions: The null hypothesis was rejected. Patients with delinquent financial accounts were three times as likely to miss an orthodontic appointment as those whose contracts were current. Increased rates of missed orthodontic appointments were also found for males, patients scheduled by mailing a postcard, and patients who had missed their previous appointment.
Microbiological Evaluation of Octenidine Dihydrochloride Mouth Rinse after 5 Days' Use in Orthodontic Patients
Authors: Dogan Alev Aksoy , Cetin Emel Sesli , Hüssein Emad , Adiloglu Ali Kudret 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
Objective: To determine the absolute and relative antibacterial activity of octenidine dihydrochloride (OCT) against total and cariogenic bacteria in saliva samples of patients with fixed orthodontic appliances during 5 days of usage.
Materials and Methods: The study group consisted of 5 male and 13 female subjects who were selected from patients in the Clinic of Orthodontics. Each patient was given physiologic saline (PS), chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX), polyvinylpyrrolidone-iodine complex (PVP-I), and OCT every morning for 5 days, each separated by a 2-week interval. Total and cariogenic bacteria in saliva samples of orthodontically treated patients with fixed appliances were collected during 5 days of usage. Unstimulated saliva was collected as a baseline sample. Saliva samples were collected at 15 minutes, and on the second, third, and fifth day after rinsing the mouth with any of the solutions for 30 seconds, and bacterial counts were detected.
Results: OCT showed an ultimate reduction of total viable oral bacteria, Lactobacillus species, and Streptococcus mutans in vivo. OCT also had a significantly greater inhibitory effect than 0.2% CHX and 7.5% PVP-I, from the beginning of the study until the fifth day after the orthodontic appliances were bonded (P &lt; .1).
Conclusions: OCT compared favorably with respect to CHX and PVP-I complex in orthodontically treated patients with fixed appliances (P ≤ .1).
Thresholds for Clinically Significant Tooth-Size Discrepancy
Authors: Endo Toshiya , Uchikura Kenji , Ishida Katsuyuki , Shundo Isao , Sakaeda Kosuke , Shimooka Shohachi 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
Objective: To determine an appropriate threshold for clinically significant tooth-size discrepancy using both a Bolton standard deviation (SD) definition and a millimetric definition.
Materials and Methods: Mesiodistal tooth widths were measured in 250 pretreatment dental casts of patients with Class I, Class II, and Class III malocclusions. The anterior and overall ratios and the required amount of maxillary and mandibular corrections were calculated. The casts were divided into small, normal, and large groups according to the anterior and overall ratios categorized by the Bolton SD definition, and into small, normal, and large groups according to the required amount of maxillary and mandibular corrections expressed in millimeters.
Results: The small and large anterior ratio groups which fell under the category of the 2 SD threshold did not always need maxillary or mandibular corrections greater than 2 mm, while the small and large overall ratio groups always needed maxillary and mandibular corrections greater than 2 mm. The small and large maxillary correction groups in the 2 mm threshold category did not always have anterior or overall ratios greater than 2 SDs from the Bolton mean. However, the small and large mandibular correction groups always had anterior ratios greater than 2 SDs and did not always have overall ratios greater than 2 SDs.
Conclusions: The tooth-size discrepancies could be better expressed in terms of both percentage and actual amount of millimeters required for correction. The ratios outside 2 SDs from the Bolton mean and the discrepancies requiring more than 2 mm of maxillary and/or mandibular corrections are recommendable as the appropriate thresholds for clinical significance.