bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ophthalmology in the undergraduate curriculum: A review in Queensland
Authors: Stark Denis , Beinssen Andrew , Morrey Chris 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThree hundred and sixty‐nine postal questionnaires related to the content and teaching of the undergraduate medical course were sent to Queensland city and provincial ophthalmologists, general practitioners, physicians and surgeons. The return rate was 53%. The views of the four groups were similar in most respects. The majority of respondents thought that ophthalmology should be taught as a separate course. They stated visits to operating theatre and eye casualty unit should be included in the course. Ophthalmologists and general practitioners stated the course should be longer, physicians thought it should remain the same length and surgeons felt less time should be dedicated to the teaching of ophthalmology. Topic areas regarded as essential were the acute care areas: trauma; glaucoma; infection; use of an ophthalmoscope; acute visual loss; and red eye. Squint was also regarded as an essential area by ophthalmologists.
The effect of topical corticosteroids on laser‐induced peripheral anterior synechiae
Authors: West R H 
Published: November 2007

Abstract Purpose: To assess the influence of different topical steroid agents and a non‐corticosteroid medication after Argon laser trabeculoplasty (ALT) on the development of peripheral anterior synechiae (PAS) and the reduction of intraocular pressure (IOP). Method: In two separate prospective, randomised, group‐controlled studies, topical fluorometholone 0.1% (FML Liquifilm) was compared with dexamethasone 0.1% (Maxidex) (Study A), or naphazoline hydrochloride 0.1% (Albalon) (Study 6) after ALT for chronic open‐angle glaucoma, with particular reference to the formation of PAS and the IOP response. Results: In Study A (N=109) eyes treated with Maxidex had a significantly higher incidence of PAS than those treated with FML—45% compared with 22%, P<0.05 (normal deviate test).In Study B (N=75) the incidence of PAS was equal in eyes treated with FML or Albalon (23%).In the two studies combined (N=184), the development of PAS was associated with a significantly lower mean response of IOP to ALT—1.47 mmHg compared with 3.22 mmHg, 0.01<P <0.05 (Student t‐test). Conclusion: The incidence of PAS after ALT is significantly higher with the post‐laser use of Maxidex than with FML, and is the same for Albalon as for FML. The therapeutic benefit of ALT is significantly reduced if PAS develop.
Optic neuritis in children with poor recovery of vision
Authors: Good William V , Muci‐Mendoza Rafael , Berg Bruce O , Frederick Douglas R , Hoyt Creig S 
Published: November 2007

AbstractWe reviewed the records of 10 children with optic neuritis in whom recovery of vision was poor or incomplete. Our cases were otherwise similar to those described in previous studies in that they were always bilateral, often accompanied by a viral prodrome (seven of 10), and usually associated with disc oedema (seven of 10).Seven of twenty eyes had a final visual acuity of 6/60 or worse and only one patient regained 6/6 vision in either eye. In three patients the best vision in either eye was 6/60 or worse. Recovery of vision was often slow, taking up to six years. Five of 10 patients have developed multiple sclerosis (MS), and one child had acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) with optic neuritis.Optic neuritis in children does not always carry a good prognosis for recovery of vision; however, the failure of vision recovery in a short period of time does not necessarily indicate a poor outcome. Some children with optic neuritis develop MS, which can develop even when optic neuritis follows a viral illness.
Treatment of subfoveal choroidal neovascular membranes with systemic interferonl α 2a
Authors: Loughnan Michael S. , Heriot Wilson J. , O'Day Justin 
Published: November 2007

AbstractSystemic interferon‐α has recently been reported to be useful in the treatment of choroidal neovascular membranes (CNVM) in age‐related macular degeneration. To further investigate its effect we treated eight patients with subfoveal choroidal neovascular membranes of various aetiologies including idiopathic, age‐related macular degeneration and myopic chorioretinal degeneration. Only one of the eight patients responded with an angiographically demonstrated decrease in the size of the CNVM; this was in a patient from the idiopathic group. Considerable side‐effects were reported with marked lethargy and malaise limiting compliance with some patients. Although this is an initial report with limited patient numbers and follow‐up, it does suggest a role for interferon‐α in patients with idiopathic neovascular membranes where the retina is otherwise normal, but raises some doubt as to its efficacy in the treatment of age‐related macular degeneration.
A clinical and cytological study of vitamin A deficiency in Kiribati
Authors: Danks J. , Kaufman D. , Rait J. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractVitamin A status was assessed clinically and by conjunctival impression cytology in a selected group under seven years of age in the Republic of Kiribati. A total of 230 children were studied. Of 185 with readable histology, 14.6% were clinically and histo‐logically abnormal; 19.5% were clinically abnormal but histologically normal; and 15.7% were clinically normal and histologically abnormal. The remainder (50.3%) were clinically and histologically normal. There was a significant correlation between clinical disease and histology (P<0.001). The prevalence of the disease in males was 45.8% and 26.3% in females. The risk of deficiency appeared to increase with advancing age. There was no significant difference between the two villages studied.
The effect of cataract extraction with implant in glaucomatous eyes
Authors: MD Anne MV Brooks , FRACO WE Gillies 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe effect of cataract surgery in patients with glaucoma controlled by either topical medication or surgery was assessed in 64 patients. At one year there was a small significant fall in intraocular pressure (IOP) for eyes without previous surgery (preoperative IOP 18.9 ±4.7, range 12 to 35 mmHg; postoperative IOP 16.3 ±3.4, range 10 to 26 mmHg; P<0.01) and also for those with previous surgery (preoperative IOP 15.0 ±4.3, range 3 to 22 mmHg; postoperative IOP 14.2 ±3.7, range 6 to 22 mmHg, P<0.05). There was a significantly greater incidence of high rise in IOP to 30 mmHg or more immediately after operation in patients without (32%) than those with previous surgery (13%) (x2 = 3.9; P<0.05). Complications were minimal in each group. lridotomy to deliver the nucleus was necessary in nine eyes without and 21 with previous surgery. Cataract extraction usually causes only a small fall in IOP in glaucomatous patients. If a separate corneal section is used there is no loss of function of the filtering bleb in patients with previous glaucoma surgery.
The long‐term results of surgical correction of childhood esotropia
Authors: Infeld David , Prior Chris , Ryan Hugh , O'Day Justin 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe results of surgical management by one ophthalmologist of 102 patients with congenital esotropia and 74 patients with acquired esotropia in childhood were analysed. The majority of patients had undergone a monocular recession‐resection procedure, with 91% and 93% of patients showing a reduction in the angle, of more than five degrees, following surgery for congenital and acquired esotropia respectively. Unexpectedly, varying the amount of lateral rectus resection from 3 to 6 mm, when combined with a constant 5 mm medial rectus recession, did not produce significantly different amounts of change in the ocular alignment after surgery.Patients with congenital esotropia generally developed a stable postoperative angle later than patients with acquired esotropia. The degree of improvement of ocular alignment with surgery was independent of hypermetropia, presence of preoperative amblyopia or fusion.
An improved method of densitometry of red‐free retinal nerve fibre layer photographs
Authors: Eikelboom RH , Cooper RL , Barry CJ 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe red‐free negatives of 53 right eyes (30 normal eyes and 23 glaucomatous eyes) and 51 left eyes (32 normal eyes and 19 glaucomatous eyes) were analysed using two different image densitometry techniques. The first technique measured the density from rectangular sample areas, while the second measured density from sector‐shaped sample areas which more closely follow the course of the nerve fibres in the retina.Indices which measured the deviation of the data from a clinically determined normal ‘gold standard’ were calculated, and were used to determine the optimum sensitivity and specificity in separating normal from glaucomatous eyes.There is a significant difference between the data from the normal and glaucomatous groups of eyes, when measured from the sector sample areas. The relative efficacy of this technique is also shown by the improved values of sensitivity (from 42%‐70% to 70%‐91%), although specificity remained fairly constant (from 66%‐83% to 62%‐88%).
Acanthamoeba keratitis: A masquerade of presentation in six cases
Authors: Tay‐Kearney Mei‐Ling , McGhee Charles NJ , Crawford Geoffrey J , Trown Kevin 
Published: November 2007

AbstractAcanthamoeba keratitis is an uncommon but devastating complication of contact lens wear causing significant ocular morbidity. Six consecutive cases occurring in Western Australia in an 18‐month period are reported. In all cases either poor contact lens hygiene or an association with swimming pools and contact lens use is a feature.There is invariably a delay in making the diagnosis, with the appearance frequently mistaken for herpes simplex keratitis. In all cases corneal biopsy was required to confirm the diagnosis. Of the six patients, four responded to medical therapy alone, one required a corneal graft and one required enucleation.We suggest that earlier rather than later corneal biopsy is important in unresponsive cases of culture‐negative keratitis, especially in contact lens wearers. We would agree that the treatment of choice is intensive topical propamidine and neosporin. Prevention by strict adherence to contact lens care and hygiene is urged.
Comparison between Fastpac and conventional Humphrey perimetry
Authors: Young Ivan M , Rait Julian L , Guest Charles S , Carson Cathy A , Taylor Hugh R 
Published: November 2007

AbstractAs part of the Melbourne Visual Impairment Project, a substudy was performed to determine the efficacy of the newly released Fastpac program for the Humphrey Field Analyser. A comparison was performed of the Fastpac and conventional full threshold 24–2 fields obtained in 39 eyes of 36 participants. Also a comparison study was performed of the standard and non‐standard 80‐point screening tests to the standard 24–2 full threshold test in 23 eyes of 23 participants.In the full threshold comparison there was 100% agreement between the two with Fastpac being 32% to 39% faster than standard. In the 80‐point screening test comparison, non‐standard was no faster than standard. Sensitivities were 17/17 (1.0) for non‐standard and 15/18 (0.83) for standard, as compared with the standard 24–2 full threshold test.Fastpac software offers accurate screening and threshold testing in less time than the standard algorithm.
Peripapillary disciform lesions in the elderly
Authors: Davis Garry J , Wong HC 
Published: November 2007

AbstractWe present seven consecutive cases of peripapillary disciform lesions (PPDL) managed over a period of four and a half years. All patients were elderly, with a median age of 74 years. A protocol was used for the management of these patients. Four underwent ablative laser treatment when the lesion demonstrated growth and was sight threatening. The final visual acuity in this treated group improved by one line in one patient, was reduced by one line in two and was unchanged in the other. No recurrent lesions were seen beyond three months after treatment. The lesions in the remaining three patients were non‐progressive and required no treatment. Of these, the final visual acuity remained unchanged in two patients and was reduced by one line in the other.
Refractive keratoplasty for post‐graft astigmatism
Authors: Whitehouse Geoffrey , Sutton Gerard , Lawless Michael A , Rogers Christopher 
Published: November 2007

AbstractRefractive keratoplasty using modified relaxing incisions with compression sutures was performed on 33 patients with high post‐keratoplasty astigmatism. The mean reduction in keratometric astigmatism was 8.38 dioptres from a preoperative mean of 12.21 dioptres (SD, 3.59) to 3.93 dioptres (SD, 2.13). All patients noted a marked functional improvement. Two patients required reoperation. One patient required resuturing. Our modification of undercutting the relaxing incisions greatly increases the range of astigmatism that can be treated with this technique.
Ophthalmodynamometry and corticosteroids in central retinal vein occlusion
Authors: Beaumont Paul E , Kang H Kwon 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
Purpose
: This is the first report of the monitoring of the clinical progress of a central retinal vein occlusion by measuring the retinal venous collapse pressure using ophthalmodynamometry.
Method
: A 38‐year‐old woman with a non‐ischaemic central retinal vein occlusion received systemic prednisone. The dose of prednisone was increased and decreased both abruptly and gradually. The response was monitored by weekly measurements of visual acuity, retinal appearance and retinal venous collapse pressure. The retinal appearance was assessed by comparison of repeated stereo colour photographs and fluorescein angiographs. Retinal venous collapse pressure was estimated by taking the mean of four or more ophthalmodynamometric measurements.
Results
: An inverse relationship between the ophthalmodynamometric retinal venous collapse pressure and systemic prednisone dosage was observed. The visual acuity and retinal appearance remained unchanged throughout the follow‐up.
Conclusions
: Ophthalmodynamometry in this case was a useful method of quantitatively monitoring the response of central retinal vein occlusion to systemic prednisone. The response would not have been detected if only visual acuity and retinal appearance were used to monitor the progress.
Ocular migraine in an eight‐year‐old girl
Authors: Narita Andrew S , Elder James E 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
Background
: A case of ocular migraine in an eight‐year‐old girl is presented. This is believed to be the youngest reported patient with ocular migraine.
Conclusion
: The choroid was noted to darken during an episode of visual loss, suggesting choroidal ischaemia as the cause of the visual loss.
Argon and diode laser treatment of benign eyelid lesions
Authors: Ghabrial Raf , Francis Ian C 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThis study reports the experience of 14 patients (15 lesions) treated with the argon or diode laser for small, benign eyelid conditions. The technique is suitable for use by ophthalmic surgeons because the lesions are localised, the surgery can be performed precisely to maintain adequate lid function and cosmesis, and both the argon and diode laser viewing systems and delivery systems provide excellent control for the surgery.There were no complications from the laser surgery, and the surgical aims of lesion clearance, good cosmesis and function were fulfilled in all patients. The advantages in lid surgery of the diode and argon lasers over the carbon dioxide laser are highlighted.
Ocular complications in renal transplant patients
Authors: Matsunami C , Hilton AF , Dyer JA , Rumbach OW , Hardie IR 
Published: November 2007

AbstractOne hundred and seventy‐six patients who received a renal transplant between 1982 and 1988 were examined for ocular complications of steroid therapy. Posterior subcapsular cataracts (PSC) were present in 60 patients (34.1%). Patients were classified into three groups (HS, LS, NoS) depending on their maintenance immunosuppression therapy. The HS group received high doses of steroids after renal transplantation. LS had low steroid doses, and NoS had no steroids. The incidence of PSC was 21 of 38 in HS (55.3%), 33 of 117 in LS (28.2%), and 1 of 16 in NoS (6.2%). The difference between HS and LS was statistically significant (x2= 8.1, P < 0.01). Grading the severity of PSC (PSC 0, PSC +, PSC > ++) showed a significant correlation between the degree of PSC and the steroid therapy. In the HS group, five patients had PSC +, and 16 had PSC > ++ (76%), compared to 19 patients with PSC +,14 patients with PSC > ++ (42%) in the LS group (x2= 4.6; P < 0.05). There was no correlation between the incidence of PSC and use of steroids for more than three months before dialysis. Comparison with the results of our earlier series (1973 ‐1981)1 using high doses of steroids showed a similar incidence of PSC with HS (40.7% Series 1; 55.3% Series 2) but a lower incidence with LS and NoS.
Infectious crystalline keratopathy
Authors: Horsburgh Bradley , Hirst Lawrence W , Hoole Geoff A , Snr Kevin Vandeleur , Green W Richard , Whitby R Michael 
Published: November 2007

AbstractTwo cases of typically appearing crystalline keratopathy both grew an alpha haemolytic streptococcus and had many of the features common to other cases. In one case, the use of topical and systemic antibiotics alone resulted in resolution of the disease, while in the second case even after corneal transplantation, a recurrence occurred which required further long‐term antibiotics plus a repeat transplant.
Herpes zoster ophthalmicus and the orbital apex syndrome
Authors: Bourke Robert D , Pyle John 
Published: November 2007

AbstractHerpes zoster ophthalmicus (HZO) commonly causes isolated ophthalmoplegic syndromes. Visual loss caused by optic neuritis secondary to HZO can be reversible or irreversible. HZO rarely presents as an orbital apex syndrome, when an association with meningo‐encephalitis has been reported. We report a case of orbital apex syndrome secondary to HZO treated with systemic steroids and acyclovir. Our patient suffered no systemic complications and displayed a rapid resolution of optic neuropathy. We discuss this case in the light of previous reports and explore the possible pathogenic mechanisms involved.
Sterile ocular inflammatory reactions to monofilament suture material
Authors: Sullivan Laurence J , Su Charles , Snibson Grant , Taylor Hugh R 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
Objective
: To report six cases of sterile inflammatory reactions to fine monofilament suture materials, which is exceedingly rare in ophthalmology.
Methods
: We report six patients (four underwent penetrating keratoplasty and two underwent cataract surgery) with unusually severe local inflammatory reactions to suture material.
Results
: Patients developed multiple focal inflammatory infiltrates and corneal oedema related to 10/0 monofilament nylon sutures. Four patients had evidence of either atopy or raised serum IgE and one had an autoimmune disorder (systemic lupus erythematosis). Onset was four to 11 days in five cases and six weeks in one. Allograft reaction occurred in two of the four corneal grafts, and three grafts failed. One of the cataract patients developed significant against‐the‐rule astigmatism. Microbial cultures of corneal scrapings, donor corneal rims, and suture material were generally negative. Polymorphonuclear leucocytes were noted on Gram stain in four cases, and cytology of corneal scrapings demonstrated eosinophils in one case.
Conclusions
: Sterile inflammatory reactions to monofilament suture material are an uncommon complication of ocular surgery which may lead to corneal graft failure, and which is more common in atopic individuals. Systemic steroid therapy may be required.
Interrater agreement in oculo‐kinetic perimetry ‐ a screening test for glaucoma
Authors: Westling Agneta K. , Newland Henry S. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractIn a study at the Flinders Medical Centre, South Australia, 24 glaucomatous eyes with known field defects were tested by three examiners of different backgrounds using oculo‐kinetic perimetry, a screening test for glaucoma. The interrater agreement was excellent; only in one case did results differ. Seventeen eyes had a defective result, but in six cases the test was normal. Both patients and untrained staff find this test easy to do, but the apparent high false‐negative rate is cause for concern and needs further evaluation. Oculo‐kinetic perimetry may well be better used as a complementary test by those opticians doing tonometry and by general practitioners who currently rarely screen for glaucoma.
The Albury‐Wodonga syndrome: A tale of two cities
Authors: Howsam Geoffrey 
Published: November 2007

Abstract Purpose: An epidemic of acutely painful eyes having a seasonal restriction and an apparent response to topical indomethacin, is described. Methods: From patients seen in a rural private practice, the clinical picture of this acute syndrome and the use of indomethacin drops is described. Results: A favourable response to topical indomethacin in 21 patients is documented. Conclusion: Topical indomethacin is worthy of further trial and investigation in the management of the Albury‐Wodonga syndrome, harvester's eye, Christmas eye or seasonal corneal ulcer.
Excimer laser surgery for myopia and myopic astigmatism
Authors: Hadden O Bruce , Morris Antony T. , Ring C Peter 
Published: November 2007

AbstractPhotorefractive keratectomy using the Summit Excimer Laser has been carried out on 1333 eyes with myopia or myopic astigmatism which have been followed up for six months or longer. Of those, 607 have been followed up for one year.Of the eyes with myopia or myopic astigmatism of up to 3 dioptres spherical equivalent, at one year 85.6% had unaided vision of 6/6, 97.2% 6/9 or better, and 99.4% 6/12 or better. Of the eyes between ‐3.25 and ‐6.00 dioptres spherical equivalent, at one year 72.1% achieved 6/6 vision unaided, 88.8% 619 or better, and 94.2% 6112 or better. Of the eyes between ‐6.25 and ‐10.00 dioptres, at one year 49.6% achieved 616 vision unaided, 76.1% 619 or better and 88.0% 6/12 or better.To achieve these figures, 28% of the patients had astigmatic keratotomy, either two or three weeks before photorefractive keratectomy, or at the same time as photorefractive keratectomy. Photorefractive keratectomy is as predictable as radial keratotomy in eyes of under 6 dioptres myopia, but is more predictable than radial keratotomy in higher myopia. Photorefractive keratectomy has the advantages of leaving an eye which is structurally sound, and without diurnal variation of focusing.
Comparison of stereo optic disc photographs from the Nidek 3‐Dx and Zeiss retinal cameras
Authors: Barry Chris J. , Eikelboom Robert H. 
Published: November 2007

Abstract Objective: To compare the Zeiss retinal camera with the Nidek 3‐Dx camera for photographic quality and stereo separation. Subjects: Eleven subjects (22 eyes) were selected from patients referred for optic disc photography. Methods: The subjects were photographed using the Nidek 3‐Dx camera for simultaneous stereo photographs, and the 30° field and 15° field settings on the Zeiss retinal camera for sequential stereo photographs. Four ophthalmologists qualitatively scored the photographs on a five‐point scale for stereo separation and photographic resolution and sharpness. The results from the four observers were averaged and the Friedman two‐way analysis of variance used to analyse the results. Conclusions: It was found that the stereo separation is significantly better using the Nidek camera when compared with both the 30° and 15° Zeiss results. There was no significant difference in photographic quality between the Nidek and Zeiss 30° photographs. It was also found that the Zeiss 30° images had a significantly higher quality than the Zeiss 15°, which contradicted previous results.