bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ASSAY OF PARATHYROID HORMONE IN HUMAN URINE USING 32P EXCRETION IN PARATHYROIDECTOMIZED RATS
Authors: Fujita T. , Morii H. , Ibayashi H. , Takahashi Y. , Okinaka S. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Parathyroid hormone was extracted from human urine by benzoic acid adsorption and assayed by measuring 32P excretion in parathyroidectomized rats. Values of λ averaged 0.30 in 9 observations and the recovery rate of the extraction procedure was 75, 48, and 51 %. In 3 of 5 normal subjects the amount of parathyroid hormone in 24 hour urine ranged between 10–30 USP units, while in others it was undetectable. In 6 of 7 untreated cases of hyperthyroidism, values above 30 were obtained. After treatment, the elevated values showed a tendency to return to the normal level. Elevated values were also observed in 1 case of hyperparathyroidism, 3 cases of hypertension, and 1 case of nephrolithiasis. In 2 cases of postoperative hypoparathyroidism with manifestations of tetany, parathyroid hormone was undetectable in the urine. In 17 miscellaneous cases urinary parathyroid hormone was undetectable in 7, and ranged between 6 and 30 USP units in others.
OBSERVATIONS ON THE THYROID-ADRENAL RELATIONSHIP IN RATS WITH HYPOTHALAMIC LESIONS
Authors: Moll J. , de Wied D. , Kranendonk G. H. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Electrocoagulation of the hypothalamic area between the fornix columns at the level of the paraventricular nuclei induces a pronounced inhibition of thyroid function. In addition, these lesions cause adrenal atrophy and a corresponding decrease in corticosteroid output. However, the pituitary-adrenal system of the lesioned animals is still able to respond to stimuli which activate this system in normal.
Experiments on thyroidectomized animals indicate that the effects of the lesions on the adrenal glands are to a great extent due to inhibition of thyroid function.
PATTERN OF OESTRIOL CONJUGATES IN HUMAN CORD BLOOD, AMNIOTIC FLUID, AND URINE OF NEWBORNS
Authors: Troen P. , Nilsson B. , Wiqvist N. , Diczfalusy E. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Free and conjugated oestriol (oestra-1.3.5(10)-triene-3,16α,17β-triol) were measured in extracts of human cord blood, amniotic fluid and urine of newborns and the pattern of oestriol conjugates in these body fluids was determined.
The bulk of oestriol occurred in a conjugated form, with more free oestriol (12 %) in cord blood than in amniotic fluid (2.5 %) or urine of newborns (1.5%).
Sodium oestriol-3-sulphate has been identified in extracts of cord blood, amniotic fluid and urine of newborns. It is the principal oestriol conjugate of the cord blood (86% of total conjugated oestriol), but is only a minor component in the amniotic fluid (15 %) or in the urine of newborns (11%).
Sodium oestriol-16(17?)-glucosiduronate has been identified in extracts of amniotic fluid and urine of newborns, and partially characterized in extracts of cord blood. It constitutes some 50% of the total conjugated oestriol of the amniotic fluid and urine of newborns, but amounts only to approximately 1 % of the total conjugated oestriol of cord blood.
Three additional oestriol conjugates have been detected and partially characterized in the body fluids studied. Two of them appear to be dior tri-glucosiduronates. The quantitatively most important third one is a double conjugate: possibly oestriol-3-sulphate-16 and/or 17-glucosiduronate, or oestriol-3-sulpho-glucuronide.
It is suggested that transconjugation of oestriol-3-sulphate into oestriol glucosiduronates takes place in the human foetus and newborn.
INDIVIDUAL DETERMINATION OF CORTISOL AND CORTICOSTERONE IN A SINGLE SMALL SAMPLE OF PERIPHERAL BLOOD
Authors: van der Vies J. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A method is described for the individual determination of corticosterone (11β,21-dihydroxy-pregn-4-ene-3,20-dione) and cortisol (11β,17,21 -trihydroxy-pregn-4-ene-3,20-dione) in 2.5 ml of peripheral plasma. The method is based on the different partition coefficients of these steroids between water and carbon tetrachloride, allowing of separation by simple extractions. The steroids are determined by reading the fluorescence in a mixture of sulfuric acid and alcohol.
EFFECT OF CORTISONE ON HYDROXYPROLINE OF LIVER, GASTRIC TISSUE, SKIN AND BONE OF MALE RATS
Authors: Kowalewski K. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Concentration of hydroxyproline, as a measure of collagen, has been determined in liver, gastric tissue, skin and bone of male rats. Normal values of control, untreated, rats were compared with collagen values of the tissues in animals, submitted to prolonged treatment with cortisone. Highly significant increase of liver, stomach and bone collagen was found in cortisone treated rats. Hydroxyproline of rats' skin was not altered by cortisone.
THE EFFECTS OF ALLOXAN DIABETES ON THE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM OF YOUNG MALE RATS
Authors: Hunt Ernest L. , Bailey Donald W. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Male rats 23 days of age were rendered diabetic by subcutaneous injections of alloxan. Diabetes was determined one week later on the basis of urine sugar concentration. At regular intervals following treatment animals were sacrificed and the testes, seminal vesicles and prostate gland removed for histological study. Severe diabetes resulted in failure of descent of the testes, failure of development of the germinal epithelium and castrate-type accessory organs. A more moderate diabetic condition resulted in delayed testicular descent, delayed onset of spermatogenesis and development of accessory structures. Control rats maintained on an inadequate diet were comparable to the moderate diabetics. Treatment with insulin corrected all the deleterious effects of diabetes on the reproductive system. In diabetic animals, not receiving insulin, treatment with chorionic gonadotrophin resulted in hypertrophy of interstitial cells and some development of accessory structures, but did not bring about testicular descent nor onset of spermatogenesis. Treatment with testosterone stimulated accessory structures, but did not affect testicular descent.
NORMAL DELIVERY IN A CASE OF ADRENOGENITAL SYNDROME ASSOCIATED WITH STEROID DIABETES
Authors: Itelson I. , Kaori N. M. , Eckerling B. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A case of adrenogenital syndrome associated with steroid diabetes is reported.
Long-term therapy with cortisone resulted in ovulation, pregnancy and considerable amelioration of the steroid diabetes.
The patient delivered a normal female child. She remains well with a normal menstrual cycle, possibly due to suppression of the adrenal cortex by long-term therapy with cortisone.
TUMORSYNTROPIEN DES CUSHING-SYNDROMS
Authors: Kracht J. , Hantschmann N. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The tumour syntropies of Cushing's syndrome are discussed on the basis of a case of metastatic mediastinal tumour – a small round cell undifferentiated carcinoma – followed by a Cushing syndrome.
These tumoral syntropies are generally limited to the thymus, the bronchial tree and the pancreas, but may also occasionally appear elsewhere. The accompanying hyperfunction of the adrenal cortex may appear in various grades of intensity, i. e.
1) As a simple increase in the output of adrenal steroids without clinical symptoms of hyperadrenocorticism. 2) As an increase of adrenal cortex output accompanied by a hypochloraemic and hypopotassaemic alkalosis, however with no manifestation of Cushing syndrome. 3) A full blown Cushing syndrome.
Either the tumour or the hyperadrenocorticism may be the primary disease. The underlying pathogenetic factor which causes the correlation between the two diseases has not yet been ascertained.
ANTIDIURETIC EFFECT OF LARGE DOSES OF BOVINE TESTICULAR HYALURONIDASE IN RATS
Authors: Thorn N. A. , Knudsen P. J. , Koefoed J. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A commercial preparation of bovine testicular hyaluronidase (and in a few experiments USP Hyaluronidase) was injected i. v. into hydrated, ethanol anaesthetized rats. Doses exceeding a certain, remarkably high threshold value caused increased excretion of the enzyme in the urine and antidiuresis. The significance of this finding is discussed in relation to the current debate on the possible role of hyaluronidase in the mechanism of action of the antidiuretic hormone.
PITUITARY AND BLOOD CORTICOTROPHIN CHANGES IN ADRENALECTOMIZED RATS MAINTAINED ON PHYSIOLOGICAL DOSES OF CORTICOSTEROIDS
Authors: Hodges J. R. , Vernikos-Danellis Joan 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Pituitary and blood corticotrophin (ACTH) concentrations were estimated in adrenalectomized rats maintained on cortisol or crude adrenocortical extract (ACE) with and without ascorbic acid. Blood ACTH levels were also determined in similarly treated animals after subjection to mild stress. Thirty days after adrenalectomy there were marked rises in pituitary and blood corticotrophin concentration which were prevented by daily treatment with small doses of cortisol or ACE. In contrast to intact animals, adrenalectomized rats exhibited markedly increased adrenocorticotrophic responses to mild stress. This pituitary hyperexcitability was not diminished by replacement therapy with corticoids alone but was considerably reduced by ascorbic acid given in conjunction with ACE. It is suggested that corticoids control the rate at which ACTH is synthesised in the pituitary gland and that other factors, including ascorbic acid, control the excitability of the pituitary gland in its adrenocorticotrophic response to stress.
INFLUENCE OF TESTOSTERONE, PROGESTERONE AND OESTRADIOL ON THE F. S. H.-RELEASE OF HYPOPHYSES GRAFTED UNDER THE KIDNEY CAPSULE
Authors: van Rees G. P. , Wolthuis O. L. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Hypophyses transplanted under the kidney capsule rapidly lose their F. S. H.-content. This decrease is counteracted by the administration of testosterone (17β-hydroxy-androst-4-en-3-one); an increase was even observed in the F. S. H.-content of the grafts. Treatment with progesterone (pregn-4-ene-3,20-dione) resulted in a non-significant increase in the F. S. H.-content of the grafts. Oestradiol was able to counteract to some extent the effect brought about by testosterone. These results point to a direct action on pituitary F.S.H.-release-capacity, at least for testosterone.
QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF SUCCINIC DEHYDROGENASE AS AN ESTIMATE OF THE FUNCTIONAL STATE OF THE RAT SEMINAL VESICLE
Authors: Telkkä Antti , Kivikoski A. , Hopsu Väinö K. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The seminal vesicles of the rat were stimulated by testosterone-treatment or depressed by castration. The activity of the gland was demonstrated using histoquantitative methods and by quantitative determination of the succinic dehydrogenase activity in the vesicles. There was a good correlation between the seven different variables reflecting the functional state of the vesicle. Quantitative estimation of succinic dehydrogenase of the vesicle seemed to be superior to the other methods because of its greater sensitivity.
INDUCED EOSINOPENIA AND BASOPHILOPENIA BY »FREE« STEROIDS IN VITRO
Authors: Navarrete J. Victoriano , Petit Donald W. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The in vivo mechanism of cortisone induced eosinopenia is disputed. Studies are presented which show in vitro eosinolysis in venous blood collected in sequestrine tubes with ethylenediamine tetra acetic acid as the anticoagulant. Free cortisol, cortisone and the synthetic anti-inflammatory analogues as well as Reichstein's Compound S were shown to be capable of inducing in vitro eosinopenia; the acetate and hemisuccinate salts of cortisol were inactive in vitro as were such compounds as deoxycorticosterone, 17α-hydroxyprogesterone, corticotrophin, heparin, epinephrine and acetylsalicylic acid.
The speed of the reaction was roughly proportional to the concentration of cortisol in a range from 25 to 200 μg/100 ml. The ultimate degree of eosinolysis was not related to the amount of steroid. The eosinophils remaining after eosinolysis were resistant to further steroid.
ENZYMORPHOLOGY OF RAT VAGINA DURING THE OESTROUS CYCLE; β-GLUCURONIDASE
Authors: Hayashi Masando , Fishman William H. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The localization of β-glucuronidase activity was studied in the vagina of Wistar rats at different stages of the oestrous cycle by enzymorphology.
At dioestrus, the reaction of β-glucuronidase was located with moderate intensity in the superficial cell layer of atrophied vaginal epithelium. During the following stages of the cycle, however, the enzyme reaction completely changed its localization in the epithelium, and was most intense in the germinal layer. At early oestrus, the enzyme reaction was characteristically restricted to the germinal layer and was very slight or negative in other luminal layers of the mucosa. The intensity lessened at full oestrus. The more intense enzyme reaction constantly shown by desquamated vaginal cells in the lumen as compared to those corresponding cells in intact epithelium should be attributed to the enzyme released from granules in these presumably degenerating cells.
ON THE METABOLIC ACTION OF TESTOSTERONE AND RELATED COMPOUNDS
Authors: Kassenaar A. , Kouwenhoven A. , Querido A. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
1. Changes in nucleic acid composition of the seminal vesicles and kidneys of mice which occur after castration and after substitution therapy with testosterone in castrated animals were studied. 2. It was found that after castration both the DNA and RNA content of the seminal vesicles decreases. The concentration of DNA, however, increases while the RNA concentration in this tissue decreases. 3. These changes are reversed by treatment with testosterone. The rise in RNA content precedes the increase in DNA content of this organ. 4. No changes in DNA content of the kidneys were found either after castration or after treatment with testosterone of castrated mice. The RNA content of this organ changed parallel with the changes in weight. 5. These results strongly suggest that with testosterone treatment, the growth of the seminal vesicles is due to hyperplasia as well as hypertrophy, while the increase in kidney weight is due only to hypertrophy.
LONG-TERM EFFECTS OF MUSCULAR WORK ON THE ADRENAL MEDULLA OF THE RAT
Authors: Eränkä O. , Karvonen M. J. , Räisänen L. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Adult albino rats were allowed to swim until exhausted daily for 30–81 days. Swimming caused a reversible increase in the adrenal weight and in the volume of the medulla. Both the adrenaline- and the noradrenaline-containing parts of the medulla were responsible for the volume increase.
HISTOCHEMICALLY DEMONSTRABLE CHOLINESTERASES IN THE ADRENAL MEDULLA OF THE HAMSTER AND THE EFFECT OF DENERVATION
Authors: Eränkö O. , Hopsu V. , Palkama A. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Acetylcholinesterase and non-specific cholinesterase gave positive histochemical reactions in the nerve fibres of the adrenal medulla of the hamster. Acetylcholinesterase activity was also observed in the fine nervous network covering the whole medulla, while non-specific cholinesterase activity was limited to fewer fibres. Division of the splanchnic nerve did not essentially affect the non-specific cholinesterase reaction but abolished most of the acetylcholinesterase activity. However, some fibres both in the cortex and in the medulla retained their acetylcholinesterase activity after denervation.
LONG-TERM TREATMENT OF CONGENITAL ADRENAL HYPERPLASIA WITH CORTISOL AND PREDNISOLONE ACETATE IN AQUEOUS SUSPENSION
Authors: Wajchenberg Bernardo Léo , Schnaider J. , Federico R. D. , Gelman A. , Pereira Virgílio G. , Mattar E. , Cintra A. B. Ulhôa 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Treatment of congenital adrenal hyperplasia with cortisol or prednisolone acetate, by infrequent intramuscular injections, is quite adequate as shown by arrest of precocious bone maturation and excessive linear growth, despite the intermittent adrenal depression as shown by the 17-ketosteroid levels.
OBSERVATIONS ON AN UNUSUAL CASE OF MYXOEDEMA
Authors: Wiener J. D. , Lindeboom G. A. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The case of a non-cretinous woman without goitre and with longstanding hypothyroid complaints is described. The basal metabolism was low, serum cholesterol and body weight high. Thyroid function, as measured with tracer doses of 131I, was normal. Total serum proteinbound iodine (PBI) was normal, but the butanol-extractable fraction was very low. Exogenous hormone, thyroxine as well as triiodothyronine (T3), was hardly effective even in the very high dose. The turnover of radiothyroxine (T4*) was markedly retarded.
Prednisone reduced the butanol-insoluble fraction of the PBI and completely normalized the turnover rate of T4*. However, during prednisone therapy the effective dose of T3 was still very high; after cessation of prednisone this same dose of T3 was effective and the turnover rate of T4* (high) normal.
These observations are thought to favour the hypothesis that in this case there existed two, presumably separate, disorders: 1) the formation and secretion by the thyroid of an abnormal (butanol-insoluble) iodinated compound, and 2) an impaired peripheral utilization of normal thyroid hormone.
HISTOCHEMICAL STUDIES ON GLUCOSE-6-PHOSPHATASE, ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATASE AND AMYLO PHOSPHORYLASE IN THE PANCREATIC ISLETS OF NORMAL AND OBESE-HYPERGLYCAEMIC MICE
Authors: Hellman Bo , Hellerström Claes 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Histochemical methods for the detection of glucose-6-phosphatase (G-6-Pase), adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) and amylo phosphorylase were applied to the islets of Langerhans in mice with hereditary obesity and hyperglycaemia (AO-mice) and in their lean litter mates (AN-mice).
While the G-6-Pase activity was high in the hyperactive B cells of the AO-mice, it was only moderate in the AN-mice. In both types of mice ATP-hydrolyzing enzymes were observed in the islet capillaries and periinsular connective tissue, while the reaction in the islet cells was negative. From a study of the substrate specificity it was found that the enzyme activity was not dependent on specific ATPase, but probably mainly on less specific polyphosphatases. The reaction for amylo phosphorylase was negative in the islets of both the AN- and the AO-mice.
The high G-6-Pase activity in the islets of the AO-mice is discussed in the light of the hypothesis that the activity of this enzyme represents an essential controlling factor in the insulin output of the B-cells.
THE EFFECT OF PENTOBARBITAL (NEMBUTAL, MEBUMAL NFN) ON CORTICOTROPHIN RELEASE IN THE RAT
Authors: Rerup Claus , Hedner Pavo 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The effects of high doses of pentobarbital sodium (Nembutal sodium, Mebumalnatrium NFN) on endogenous corticotrophin release were investigated.
Under the stage of anaesthesia endogenous corticotrophin release was almost totally blocked, whereas under the stage of awakening from anaesthesia the secretion of corticotrophin exceeded the »resting level«.
In normal, non-anaesthetized rats, subcutaneous or intraperitoneal injections did not per se affect circulating free plasma steroid levels.
In pentobarbital-anaesthetized rats neither subcutaneous, intraperitoneal, nor intravenous injections influenced the plasma steroid levels.
Minor surgical procedures, e. g. cutaneous incisions or cutting the tail tip of the rats did not immediately affect endogenous corticotrophin secretion under pentobarbital anaesthesia.
The findings and their application for the simplification of corticotrophin assays and their limitations are discussed.
PLASMA CORTICOSTEROID LEVELS AND ADRENAL ASCORBIC ACID AFTER INTRAVENOUS CORTICOTROPHIN INJECTIONS AND »STRESSFUL« STIMULI IN THE RAT
Authors: Hedner Pavo , Rerup Claus 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Measurements of plasma corticosteroid levels and adrenal ascorbic acid concentration in steroid blocked and hypophysectomized rats were performed.
It was found that prednisolone and dexamethasone were effective in blocking endogenous corticotrophin release within 3–4 hours after subcutaneous injection. These agents also prevented completely the normally occurring rise in plasma corticoid levels after exposure of the rats to ether. Abdominal surgery (unilateral adrenalectomy) resulted in a slight but significant rise in plasma corticoid levels in spite of dexamethasone blockade. The values of adrenal ascorbic acid were not affected significantly.
The blocking effect of two daily subcutaneous injections of a high dose of dexamethasone persisted for about one week after the last injection.
The sensitivity of the plasma corticoid response was essentially the same in hypophysectomized and dexamethasone blocked rats.
The lower part of the log dose response curve was found to be clearly non-linear in the plasma corticoid method following intravenous corticotrophin injection. As a consequence the dose level in quantitative assays of intravenously injected corticotrophin are, in our hands, of the same order as in the adrenal ascorbic acid depletion method.
EFFECT OF HUMAN GROWTH HORMONE ON GLUCOSE TOLERANCE AND SOME INTERMEDIARY METABOLITES IN MAN
Authors: Ikkos Denis , Luft Rolf , Gemzell Carl-Axel , Almqvist Sven 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Thirty mg of human growth hormone (HGH) was given daily for three days to 11 non-diabetic subjects with normal pituitary function. A decrease in glucose tolerance was observed in 7 of these 11 subjects. The administration of HGH increased the plasma concentration of non-esterified fatty acids, but had no effect on the fasting concentration of pyruvate, lactate, citrate, alpha-ketoglutarate or inorganic phosphate. The increase in the blood level of pyruvate, lactate and/or citrate after an intravenous glucose load was more marked after than before HGH administration in the three patients whose glucose tolerance was decreased to the greatest extent by HGH. The changes in the blood levels of these metabolites in the remaining eight patients as well as the response of the concentrations of alpha-ketoglutarate, inorganic phosphate and non-esterified fatty acids to glucose loading in all eleven cases, were not influenced by HGH-treatment.
Glucose tolerance tests were also performed in 17 unselected cases of acromegaly. The glucose tolerance was often decreased but no correlation could be demonstrated between the glucose tolerance and the activity of the disease, this latter being measured by estimations of the activity of the sulfation factor in serum. The increases in the blood concentration of pyruvate, lactate, citrate and alpha-ketoglutarate during a glucose load were normal in the cases of acromegaly.
IN VITRO UTILIZATION OF UNIFORMLY LABELLED 14C-GLUCOSE IN THE ADRENALS OF NORMAL AND OBESE-HYPERGLYCAEMIC MICE
Authors: Larsson Stig , Hellman Bo , Carstensen Hans 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The in vitro incorporation of uniformly labelled 14C-glucose in the adrenals of normal and obese-hyperglycaemic animals was studied by quantitative paper-radiochromatography. The total glucose utilization by the whole adrenal gland was found to be greater in the obese-hyperglycaemic animals. There was a lower production of 14CO2 and 14C-lactic acid, however, per unit adrenal wet weight in these mice, while the formation of amino acids from the glucose tended to be greater than in normal mice. Glucose was utilized in the synthesis of the following amino acids in the adrenals: proline, alanine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, glutamine and arginine. The formation of relatively large amounts of proline was characteristic of the amino acid pattern in the adrenals.