bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Natural history and prognostic model of untreated breast cancer: a study based on the SEER database
Authors: Wang Dasong , Yang Yan , Yang Hongwei , Yang Lei , Chen Maoshan , Fan Li , He Yu 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Purpose: The primary aim of this study was to explore the natural history of breast cancer in the absence of treatment, aiming to identify the main factors affecting the prognosis of untreated breast cancer patients.
Methods: Data for patients diagnosed with invasive breast cancer between 2010 and 2020 were obtained from the SEER database. The disease progression time was estimated by subtracting the median survival time of higher stages from that of lower stages. Untreated patients were divided into a training set and a validation set in a 7:3 ratio. In the training set, independent risk factors affecting prognosis were identified through univariate and multivariate cox proportional hazards regression analysis. A nomogram model was constructed using these risk factors to predict the prognosis of untreated patients, which was then validated in the validation set.
Results: In untreated breast cancer patients, the progression time from stage I to stage II was 43 months, from stage II to stage III was 18 months, and from stage III to stage IV was 9 months. Age, tumor stage, ER status, PR status, histological grade, and marital status were identified as independent predictive factors for the overall survival of untreated breast cancer patients, and a nomogram model was constructed with these factors.
Conclusion: The disease progression speed of breast cancer patients accelerates with the increase in tumor stage in the absence of treatment, and prognosis progressively worsens. Age, tumor stage, ER status, PR status, histological grade, and marital status are independent risk factors affecting the prognosis of untreated patients.
Ergogenic effects of spinal cord stimulation on exercise performance following spinal cord injury
Authors: Hodgkiss Daniel D. , Williams Alison M.M. , Shackleton Claire S. , Samejima Soshi , Balthazaar Shane J.T. , Lam Tania , Krassioukov Andrei V. , Nightingale Tom E. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Importance:
Cervical or upper-thoracic spinal cord injury (SCI, ≥T6) often leads to low resting blood pressure and impaired cardiovascular responses to acute exercise due to disrupted supraspinal sympathetic drive. Epidural (invasive, ESCS) and transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation (non-invasive, TSCS) have been used to target sympathetic circuits and modulate cardiovascular responses, yet their impact on submaximal upper-body exercise performance in individuals with SCI is unknown.
Objective
To compare the effects of cardiovascular-optimised ESCS and TSCS versus sham ESCS and TSCS on modulating cardiovascular responses and improving submaximal upper-body exercise performance in individuals with SCI.
Design:
Double-blinded, randomised comparison trial.
Setting:
Research center.
Participants:
Seven males with a chronic, motor-complete SCI between C6-T4, underwent a mapping session to identify cardiovascular responses to spinal cord stimulation. Subsequently, four participants (two ESCS and two TSCS) completed submaximal exercise testing.
Exposures:
Stimulation parameters (waveform, frequency, intensity, epidural electrode array configuration, specific transcutaneous electrode locations in the lumbosacral region) were optimized to elevate cardiovascular responses (CV-SCS). A sham condition (SHAM-SCS) served as a comparison. Participants performed arm-crank exercise to fatigue at a fixed workload corresponding to above ventilatory threshold, on separate days, with CV-SCS or SHAM-SCS.
Main Outcomes and Measures:
The primary outcome was time to fatigue during submaximal exercise. Heart rate and gas exchange variables were recorded throughout exercise and used to calculate oxygen pulse (a surrogate for stroke volume, SV). Blood pressure (BP) was monitored before exercise (pre-post applying stimulation). Rating of perceived exertion (RPE) was recorded every 5-min.
Results
CV-SCS increased resting BP, left ventricular cardiac contractility and total peripheral resistance. CV-SCS increased time to fatigue with ESCS and TSCS, relative to SHAM-SCS. Relative to baseline, change in systolic BP at rest was greater with CV-SCS versus SHAM-SCS. Peak oxygen pulse during exercise was greater with CV-SCS relative to SHAM-SCS. Furthermore, RPE tended to be lower with CV-SCS than SHAM-SCS during exercise.
Conclusions and Relevance:
Comparable improvements in time to fatigue with ESCS and TSCS suggest that both approaches could be promising ergogenic aids to support exercise performance or rehabilitation, along with reducing fatigue during activities of daily living in individuals with SCI.
A MEDT Study of the Mechanism and Selectivities of the non- Catalyzed and the Lewis Acid Catalyzed Diels-Alder Reaction between R-Carvone and Isoprene -Molecular Docking Analysis: Anti-HIV-1 Activity
Authors: Idrissi Khadija El , Abdoul-Hakim Mohamed , Saleh Na'il , Garmes Hocine , Syed Asad , Ríos-Gutiérrez Mar , Meenakshi Bilal , Zeroual Abdellah , Domingo Luis R. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The non-catalyzed and Lewis acid (LA) catalyzed Diels-Alder (DA) reaction between R-(-)-carvone 1R and isoprene 2 has been studied within Molecular Electronic Density Theory (MEDT) by using DFT calculations at the B3LYP/6-311 + + G(d,p) computational level. Analysis of the theoretical reactivity indices at the ground state of the reagents indicates that carvone 1R plays the role of an electrophile whereas isoprene 2 should be regarded as nucleophile participating in a polar process. The presence of the LA catalyst significantly increases the electrophilicity ω of carvone 1R, resulting in improved reactivity and selectivities in the LA catalyzed DA reaction. The presence of the LA catalyst significantly reduces the activation Gibbs free energy by increasing the polarity of the DA reaction. The computed relative Gibbs free energies clearly demonstrate a high degree of region- and stereoselectivity in this LA catalyzed DA reaction, which is consistent with the experimental findings. Through an examination of the Electron Localization Function (ELF), it became evident that the LA catalyzed DA reaction follows a non-concerted two-stage one-step mechanism. Finally, docking analysis was conducted for cycloadducts 3 and 4, docked them to the main protease of HIV-1 (5W4Q and 1A8O), and their binding was compared to the antiviral drug Azidothymidine (AZT). The results indicated that cycloadduct 3 exhibited lower binding energies than AZT, suggesting a significant potential for anti-HIV activity.
Optimal defense traits in plants living in environments with different productivities: extending Coley, Bryant and Chapin's model
Authors: Czekaj Łukasz , Janczur Mariusz Krzysztof 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background: Resource Availability Hypothesis (RAH) states that natural selection favors slow-growing plants with high levels of defense and lower rates of damage in less productive environments, and fast-growing plants with low levels of defense and high rates of damage in more productive environments.
Methods: A model of optimal energy allocation to the growth, reproduction, and production of stable defensive substances in plants under different environmental productivities.
Results: An exponential increase of environment productivity makes optimal a lower investment of energy to the production of defensive substances and thus, lower concentration of defensive substances, but differences in their concentrations among environments with different productivities are rather weak. Contrary to RAH, plants growing in more productive environments lost a lower lifetime proportion of vegetative tissue than plants from less productive environments. Higher environmental productivity led to a lower effect of defense on fitness for resistant strategies; however, the absolute value of the reproductive success was higher at higher environmental productivity.
Conclusions: The optimal energy allocation approach allows for an understanding of why some plants growing at environments with higher productivity lose proportionally less biomass than plants growing at environments with lower productivity, even when they produce higher concentrations of defensive substances.
Physicochemical and ecotoxicological approaches for Moknine Continental Sebkha in Tunisia
Authors: Belaid Afifa , Bekir Karima , Beltifa Asma , Sedrati Mouncef , Santana Rodríguez José Juan , Ben Mansour Hedi 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Degradation of water quality is an emerging issue in many developing countries. In this context, industrial and domestic effluents heavily contaminate the coast of Moknine Continental Sebkha in Tunisia. The present study aimed to biomonitor the seawater quality of the Moknine Continental Sebkha coast using physicochemical and ecotoxicological approaches. The ecotoxicological assessment was performed using three species representing different trophic levels, namely Vibrio fischeri, Selenastrum capricornutum, and Lepidium sativum. In the physicochemical analysis such as BOD (biochemical oxygen demand), COD (chemical oxygen demand), TSS (total suspended solids), TOC (total organic carbon), NO3− (nitrate), AOX (adsorbable organic halogen), the recorded levels of pH and total suspended solids did not comply with the Tunisian standard (NT.09.11/1983). The ecotoxicological data confirmed that the tested water samples displayed toxicity to two test indicators L. sativum and S. capricornutum. A targeted chemical screening of the Moknine Continental Sebkha coast previously performed revealed the presence of total mercury, four phthalate acid esters, and one non-phthalate plasticizer, a fact that could explain the observed ecotoxicological effects and therefore might harm the biotic area and the health of the surrounding population.
Formulation and Characterization of Simvastatin-Loaded Nanosponges: An Innovative Technique for Colon-Targeted Drug Delivery
Authors: Swapna Vanapalli , Saripilli Rajeswari , Sravya Kudumala , Sharma Dinesh Kumar 
Published: March 2024

Background::
To enhance the solubility of simvastatin by improving the surface area of the drug particle by preparing nanosponges that are enclosed in a tablet and capsule oral solid dosage forms, which in turn helps maintain the drug's stability.

Objective::
The present investigation aimed to develop a simvastatin nanosponge containing Eu-dragit as a polymer with different ratios of drug-to-polymer concentration to increase its solubility and further improve the oral bioavailability by using nanosponges’ formulation technique.

Methods::
The emulsion solvent diffusion method was used to prepare simvastatin nanosponges by using Eudragit S 100, Eudragit L 100, and a combination of both in different drug-to-polymer ratios, i.e., 1:0.5, 1:1, 1:1.5, and 1:2. To characterize the conductivity, molecular changes, and size of the prepared nanosponges, a variety of evaluation parameters, including the compressibil-ity index, Hausner's ratio, angle of repose, microscopy, production yield, entrapment efficiency, drug content, in vitro drug release studies, DSC, XRD, FTIR, and SEM were evaluated. Opti-mized formulation was used to prepare colon-targeted tablets and capsules by taking nanosponges equivalent to 20 mg of simvastatin.

Results::
The percentage yield, drug content, and entrapment efficiency of the final formulation were observed at 81 ± 0.26%, 92.4%, and 97 ± 0.56%, respectively. The in vitro drug release of the optimized formulations was 91.42 % at 12 hrs. The drug release followed the Peppas model with a super case II transport mechanism.

Conclusion::
The use of the nanosponge delivery system increased the solubility of simvastatin seven times, which in turn increased the drug's bioavailability.
Influences of Night Eating Syndrome and Physical Activity Level towards Students’ Body Mass Index
Authors: Saari Athirah Sorfina , Ab Hamid Mohd Ramadan , Ismail Nazrul Hadi , Fitria Anisa Lailatul 
Published: March 2024

It is critical to identify the factors that influence body mass index (BMI) to properly design targeted health interventions. This study aims to investigate the relationship between physical activity level (PAL) and night eating syndrome (NES) with BMI among university students. This cross-sectional study focused on 141 students at UiTM in Selangor and used a self-administered questionnaire consisting of socio-demographic data, the IPAQ-SF, and the NEQ. A negative, weak correlation was reported between PAL and BMI, while a positive correlation was found between NES and BMI. This study concluded that improving NES and PAL are crucial to enhance BMI status.
Stigma on Mental Illness among Nurses
Authors: Seman Nordianna , Asmala Aisyah Fitriah , Mohamad Zuki Nur Mazmira , Inggriane Puspita Dewi  
Published: March 2024

A lack of knowledge about mental illness contributes to the pervasive stigma and discrimination that affects the quality of life. This study aims to determine the nurses' knowledge of mental illness and the existence of professional stigma in a teaching hospital in Selangor. The study used a quantitative cross-sectional design, with nurses selected using simple random sampling (n = 178) and utilizing the Attribution Questionnaire (AQ-27) and the Mental Health Knowledge Schedule (MAKS) (α = 0.76 & 0.62). Nurses’ knowledge is high (M=44.57±4.61) and that professional stigma exists. Additionally, significant association between knowledge and stigma among nurses was found (p<0.05).
Government-Nongovernmental Organization (NGO) Collaboration in Macao’s COVID-19 Vaccine Promotion: Social Media Case Study
Authors: Xian Xuechang , Neuwirth Rostam J , Chang Angela 
Published: March 2024

Background
The COVID-19 pandemic triggered unprecedented global vaccination efforts, with social media being a popular tool for vaccine promotion.

Objective
This study probes into Macao’s COVID-19 vaccine communication dynamics, with a focus on the multifaceted impacts of government agendas on social media.

Methods
We scrutinized 22,986 vaccine-related Facebook posts from January 2020 to August 2022 in Macao. Using automated content analysis and advanced statistical methods, we unveiled intricate agenda dynamics between government and nongovernment entities.

Results
“Vaccine importance” and “COVID-19 risk” were the most prominent topics co-occurring in the overall vaccine communication. The government tended to emphasize “COVID-19 risk” and “vaccine effectiveness,” while regular users prioritized vaccine safety and distribution, indicating a discrepancy in these agendas. Nonetheless, the government has limited impact on regular users in the aspects of vaccine importance, accessibility, affordability, and trust in experts. The agendas of government and nongovernment users intertwined, illustrating complex interactions.

Conclusions
This study reveals the influence of government agendas on public discourse, impacting environmental awareness, public health education, and the social dynamics of inclusive communication during health crises. Inclusive strategies, accommodating public concerns, and involving diverse stakeholders are paramount for effective social media communication during health crises.
Head Protection Device for Individuals at Risk for Head Injury due to Ground-Level Falls: Single Trauma Center User Experience Investigation
Authors: Haag Susan , Kepros John 
Published: March 2024

Background
Falls represent a large percentage of hospitalized patients with trauma as they may result in head injuries. Brain injury from ground-level falls (GLFs) in patients is common and has substantial mortality. As fall prevention initiatives have been inconclusive, we changed our strategy to injury prevention. We identified a head protection device (HPD) with impact-resistant technology, which meets head impact criteria sustained in a GLF. HPDs such as helmets are ubiquitous in preventing head injuries in sports and industrial activities; yet, they have not been studied for daily activities.

Objective
We investigated the usability of a novel HPD on patients with head injury in acute care and home contexts to predict future compliance.

Methods
A total of 26 individuals who sustained head injuries, wore an HPD in the hospital, while ambulatory and were evaluated at baseline and 2 months post discharge. Clinical and demographic data were collected; a usability survey captured HPD domains. This user experience design revealed patient perceptions, satisfaction, and compliance. Nonparametric tests were used for intragroup comparisons (Wilcoxon signed rank test). Differences between categorical variables including sex, race, and age (age group 1: 55-77 years; age group 2: 78+ years) and compliance were tested using the chi-square test.

Results
Of the 26 patients enrolled, 12 (46%) were female, 18 (69%) were on anticoagulants, and 25 (96%) were admitted with a head injury due to a GLF. The median age was 77 (IQR 55-92) years. After 2 months, 22 (85%) wore the device with 0 falls and no GLF hospital readmissions. Usability assessment with 26 patients revealed positive scores for the HPD post discharge regarding satisfaction (mean 4.8, SD 0.89), usability (mean 4.23, SD 0.86), effectiveness (mean 4.69, SD 0.54), and relevance (mean 4.12, SD 1.10). Nonparametric tests showed positive results with no significant differences between 2 observations. One issue emerged in the domain of aesthetics; post discharge, 8 (30%) patients had a concern about device weight. Analysis showed differences in patient compliance regarding age (χ12=4.27; P=.04) but not sex (χ12=1.58; P=.23) or race (χ12=0.75; P=.60). Age group 1 was more likely to wear the device for normal daily activities. Patients most often wore the device ambulating, and protection was identified as the primary benefit.

Conclusions
The HPD intervention is likely to have reasonably high compliance in a population at risk for GLFs as it was considered usable, protective, and relevant. The feasibility and wearability of the device in patients who are at risk for GLFs will inform future directions, which includes a multicenter study to evaluate device compliance and effectiveness. Our work will guide other institutions in pursuing technologies and interventions that are effective in mitigating injury in the event of a fall in this high-risk population.
Microclimate Impacts of Land Cover Types in Halu Oleo University Botanical Garden and Its Surroundings
Authors: Kandari Aminuddin Mane , Marwah Sitti , Kasim Safril , Indriyani Lies , Albasri  , Agus Salim Mando La Ode , Nurdin Arianto , Syamsuddin  , Munadi La Ode Muhamad , Fahyuddin  
Published: March 2024

Halu Oleo University (UHO) Botanical Garden is one of the green open spaces that contribute to maintaining climate stability and environmental comfort in Kendari City, along with the high land use change due to increased population and city progress. The study aimed to determine the effect of land cover types on microclimate in UHO Botanical Garden and its surroundings. The research was conducted from June 2021 to January 2022. The research was conducted on three types of vegetation land cover. The variables measured were microclimate, including light intensity, temperature, relative humidity, and temperature humidity index. Measurements were conducted in the morning, afternoon, and evening. The method used was descriptive quantitative and statistical analysis using the analysis of variance and the least significant difference (LSD) test. The results showed that the microclimatic conditions of UHO Botanical Garden in tree-dominant land cover are more comfortable and significantly different from grass-dominant and settlement-dominant, but they are not significantly different between grass-dominant and settlement-dominant. This fact indicates the importance of the conservation of tree vegetation and the need for supervision so that there is no diversion of functions into settlements to maintain the preservation and sustainability of UHO Botanical Garden as one of the green open spaces that control climate stability and environmental comfort in Kendari City.
Keywords: botanical garden, microclimate, settlement, temperature humidity index, vegetation
ANALISIS BERPIKIR KRITIS DALAM MENYELESAIKAN SOAL HOTS (HIGHER ORDER THINGKING SKILLS) MATERI SISTEM KOLOID
Authors: Nadia Irfa Khoirun , Nawawi Effendi 
Published: March 2024

Kemampuan berpikir kritis merupakan kemampuan yang diperlukan untuk menghadapi era revolusi 4.0. Hal tersebut dikarenakan orang yang berpikir kritis mampu berpikir logis dan rasional serta dapat melakukan berbagai keterampilan yaitu menganalisis dan mengevaluasi informasi, menyusun pertanyaan dan masalah dengan jelas, menilai informasi yang relevan dan mampu mengomunikasikan informasi dengan efektif. Berdarkan hal tersebut tujuan dilakukannya penelitian ini yaitu untuk menganalisis kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa dalam menyelesaikan soal tipe HOTS materi kimia sistem koloid. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode tes. Tehnik pengambilan sampel penelitian ini yaitu purposive sampling. Hasil penelitian diperoleh nilai persentase dari ketercapaian indikator berpikir kritis pada siswa SMA Negeri 1 Tanjung Batu ketercapaian indikator interpretasi sebesar 36% dengan kategori rendah, ketrcapaian indikator analisis sebesar 71% dengan kategori tinggi, ketercpaian indikator evaluasi sebesar 30% dengan kategori rendah, serta ketercpaian pada indikator inferensi sebesar 53% dengan kategori cukup.
Rasio Low Density Lipoprotein dan High Density Lipoprotein pada Preeklamsi Berat dibandingkan dengan Kehamilan Normal di Rumah Sakit Dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung
Authors: Amrullah Amran , Handono Budi , Pramatirta Akhmad Yogi 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjective: This study aims to distinguish level of (LDL/HDL) and Low Density Lipoprotein/High Density Lipoprotein ratio in severe preeclampsia patient compared to normal pregnancy.Method: The study design was comparative cross-sectional study with consecutive sampling method that compared the laboratory results of LDL, HDL and ratio LDL/HDL that met the inclusion criteria. Subjects of this study were severe preeclampsia and normal pregnancy patient that fulfilled the inclusion criteria (n=60) in Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung during August-September 2017.Result: It is revealed that the differences in level of LDL and LDL/HDL ratios in both groups were significant with p value ≤ 0,05. But there were no differences in HDL level. Increased level of LDL/HDL ratio in pregnancy was related to increased risk of preeclampsia with cut-off point> 2,632. If the increased level of LDL/HDL above cut-off point then the insident of severe preeclampsia increased 21,36 times.Conclusion: It was concluded that level of LDL and LDL/HDL ratios in severe preeclampsia were higher than in normal pregnancy. The increased LDL/HDL ratio of > 2.632 increased the risk of severe preeclampsia by 21.36 times.Perbandingan Rasio Low Density Lipoprotein/High Density Lipoprotein antara Preeklamsi Berat dan Kehamilan Normal di RSUP Dr. Hasan Sadikin BandungAbstrakTujuan: Penelitian ini adalah untuk mencari perbedaan rasio Low Density Lipoprotein/High Density Lipoprotein (LDL/HDL) pada preeklamsi berat dibandingkan dengan kehamilan normal sebagai faktor risiko timbulnya preeklamsi.Metode: Rancangan penelitian kasus kontrol membandingkan LDL, HDL, dan rasio LDL/HDL penderita preeklamsi berat dan kehamilan normal (n=60) bulan Agustus-September 2017 di Rumah Sakit Dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung.Hasil: Hasil penelitian didapatkan perbedaan kadar LDL dan rasio LDL/HDL pada kedua kelompok secara bermakna dengan nilai p ≤0,05. Namun tidak didapatkan perbedaan yang bermakna pada kadar HDL. Peningkatan kadar LDL dan rasio LDL/HDL berhubungan dengan peningkatan risiko terjadinya preeklamsi dengan nilai cut-off > 2,632. Bila terjadi peningkatan rasio LDL/HDL diatas nilai cut-off maka risiko tejadinya preeklamsi berat sebesar 21,36 kali.Simpulan: Kadar LDL yang tinggi dan nilai cut-off rasio LDL/HDL >2,632 meningkatkan risiko terjadinya preeklamsi berat 21,36 kaliKata kunci: Preeklamsi, LDL, HDL, Rasio LDL/HDL