bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Noble‐Gas Complexes: Theoretical Investigation of Multicenter Polynuclear Species
Authors: Borocci Stefano , Bronzolino Nicoletta , Grandinetti Felice 
Published: July 2007

AbstractAb initio calculations at the MP2 level of theory disclose the conceivable existence of neutral complexes containing four or five distinct noble gases (Ng) each bound to a distinct Be‐atom. These multicenter polynuclear Ng molecules are formally obtained by replacing the H‐atoms of CH4 and but‐2‐yne with NBeNg moieties, which behave as independent monovalent ‘functional groups’. Our investigated complexes include the five homotetranuclear [C(NBeNg)4] complexes 1–5 (Ng=HeXe), the five heterotetranuclear complexes [CN4Be4(He)(Ne)(Ar)(Kr)] (6), [CN4Be4(He)(Ne)(Ar)(Xe)] (7), [CN4Be4(He)(Ne)(Kr)(Xe)] (8), [CN4Be4(He)(Ar)(Kr)(Xe)] (9), and [CN4Be4(Ne)(Ar)(Kr)(Xe)] (10), and the heteropentanuclear complex [HC4N5Be5(He)(Ne)(Ar)(Kr)(Xe)] (11). We also investigated the five model complexes [H3CNBeNg] (Ng=HeXe) containing a single NBeNg moiety. The geometries and vibrational frequencies of all these species, invariably characterized as minimum‐energy structures, were computed at the MP2(full)/6‐31G(d,p)/SDD level of theory, and their stability with respect to the loss of the various Ng‐atoms was evaluated by single‐point calculations at the MP2(full)/6‐311G(d)/SDD level of theory. The beryllium‐Ng binding energies range from ca. 17 (Ng=He) to ca. 63 (Ng=Xe) kJ/mol, and the results of natural‐bond‐orbital (NBO) and atoms‐in‐molecules (AIM) analysis reveal that the BeNg interaction is essentially electrostatic for helium, neon, argon, and krypton, and has probably a small covalent contribution for xenon.
Two Novel Nortriterpenoids from Gomphostemma parviflorum
Authors: Wang Qiong , Luo Shi‐De , Ju Peng , Wang Yi‐Fen 
Published: July 2007

AbstractTwo new nortriterpenoids, gomphoparvin A (1) and B (2), together with five known compounds, were isolated from the AcOEt‐soluble MeOH extract of Gomphostemma parviflorum (whole plant). Their structures and relative configurations were elucidated mainly on the basis of 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR as well as MS analyses.
Inhibition of cadmium‐induced oxidative injury in rat primary astrocytes by the addition of antioxidants and the reduction of intracellular calcium
Authors: Yang Chung‐Shi , Tzou Bo‐Cheng , Liu Yu‐Peng , Tsai May‐Jywan , Shyue Song‐Kun , Tzeng Shun‐Fen 
Published: July 2007

AbstractExposure of the brain to cadmium ions (Cd2+) is believed to lead to neurological disorders of the central nervous system (CNS). In this study, we tested the hypothesis that astrocytes, the major CNS‐supporting cells, are resistant to Cd2+‐induced injury compared with cortical neurons and microglia (CNS macrophages). However, treatment with CdCl2 for 24 h at concentrations higher than 20 µM substantially induced astrocytic cytotoxicity, which also resulted from long‐term exposure to 5 µM of CdCl2. Intracellular calcium levels were found to rapidly increase after the addition of CdCl2 into astrocytes, which led to a rise in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and to mitochondrial impairment. In accordance, preexposure to the extracellular calcium chelator EGTA effectively reduced ROS production and increased survival of Cd2+‐treated astrocytes. Adenovirus‐mediated transfer of superoxide dismutase (SOD) or glutathione peroxidase (GPx) genes increased survival of Cd2+‐exposed astrocytes. In addition, increased ROS generation and astrocytic cell death due to Cd2+ exposure was inhibited when astrocytes were treated with the polyphenolic compound ellagic acid (EA). Taken together, Cd2+‐induced astrocytic cell death resulted from disrupted calcium homeostasis and an increase in ROS. Moreover, our findings demonstrate that enhancement of the activity of intracellular antioxidant enzymes and supplementation with a phenolic compound, a natural antioxidant, improves survival of Cd2+‐primed astrocytes. This information provides a useful approach for treating Cd2+‐induced CNS neurological disorders. J. Cell. Biochem. 103: 825–834, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A regularization of nonlinear diffusion equations in a multiresolution framework
Authors: Teschke Gerd , Zhariy Mariya , Soares Maria Joana 
Published: July 2007

AbstractWe develop a regularization technique for Perona–Malik diffusion equations that relies on multiresolution techniques. The main result of this paper is to show that the chosen discretization overcomes the ill posedness of the nonlinear Perona–Malik model. The resulting algorithm is tested and the results are compared with pixel‐based methods. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the stabilizability of near‐grazing dynamics in impact oscillators
Authors: Dankowicz Harry , Svahn Fredrik 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA constructive proof is presented for the existence of event‐driven control strategies that guarantee the local persistence of system attractors with at most low‐velocity contact in vibro‐impacting oscillators. In particular, sufficient conditions are formulated on the linearization of the control strategies along a grazing periodic trajectory, i.e. an oscillating motion that achieves zero‐relative‐velocity contact with a mechanical obstacle, to ensure the asymptotic stability of the grazing trajectory and, consequently, sustained dynamics in the vicinity of the grazing trajectory even under small changes in system parameters. The implications of the methodology are illustrated with linear and nonlinear, single‐ and multiple‐degree‐of‐freedom examples of vibro‐impact oscillators. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of winterization on the composition and stability of cottonseed oil
Authors: Mack C. H. , Moore R. N. , Bickford W. G. 
Published: July 2007

SummaryThe relationship between tocopherol content, fatty acid composition, and autoxidative stability has been investigated for a series of three cottonseed oils representing a commercially refined and bleached oil, the same oil after winterization, and the corresponding stearine press cake. The results indicate that an increase occurs in unsaturation of the glycerides, which is accompanied by an increase in the tocopherol content of the winterized, compared to the unwinterized oil. The reverse is true of the stearine press cake fraction. The changes in fatty acid composition and tocopherol content are such that they tend to counterbalance one another and lead to the same final autoxidative stability in each product. The red and yellow color components of the products are unaffected by the winterization process.
Microbial conversion of an oil containing α‐linolenic acid to an oil containing eicosapentaenoic acid
Authors: Shimizu Sakayu , Kawashima Hiroshi , Akimoto Kengo , Shinmen Yoshifumi , Yamada Hideaki 
Published: July 2007

AbstractMycelia of arachidonic acid‐producing fungi belonging to the genusMortierella were found to convert an oil containing α‐linolenic acid to an oil containing 5,8,11,14,17‐cis‐eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). This conversion was observed when they were grown in a medium containing the oil, glucose and yeast extract at 28 C. On the screening of various oils, linseed oil, in which α‐linolenic acid amounts to about 60% of the total fatty acids, was found to be the most suitable for EPA production. Under the optimal culture conditions, a selected strain,Mortierella alpina 20‐17, converted 5.1% of the α‐linolenic acid in the added oil into EPA, the EPA production reaching 1.35 g/l of culture broth (41.5 mg/g dry mycelia). This value corresponded to 7.1% (by weight) of the total fatty acids in the extracted lipids. The lipid was also found to be rich in arachidonic acid (12.3%). Other major fatty acids in the lipid were palmitic acid (4.4%), stearic acid (3.2%), oleic acid (13.5%), linoleic acid (13.7%), α‐linolenic acid (38.5%) and γ‐linolenic acid (0.9%).
Gas‐liquid and solid‐liquid mass transfer in three‐phase sparged reactors with and without ultrasound
Authors: Jadhav S. V. , Pangarkar V. G. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractGas‐liquid and solid‐liquid mass transfer in three‐phase sparged reactor has been studied with and without super‐imposed ultrasound. The results show marginal enhancement in mass transfer coefficient due to ultrasound. Thus it has been concluded that the reported enhancement in the rates of heterogeneous reactions due to ultrasound is likely due to other, e.g., chemical, effects of ultrasound.
Effect of triglycerides containing 9,10‐dihydroxystearic acid on polymorphism of sal (Shorea robusta) fat
Authors: Reddy S. Yella , Prabhakar J. V. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe effect of the triglycerides containing 9,10‐dihydroxystearic acid (DHS‐TG) on the phase transition of polymorphic forms of normal triglycerides (TG) of sal fat was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) under different cooling and heating modes. Four levels of DHS‐TG, 2, 5, 8 and 10%, were used. DHS‐TG accelerated the phase transition of lower melting crystal forms I → II → III of TG obtained under rapid (20°C/min) or slow (2°C/min) rates of cooling. They delayed the phase transition of crystal form III to IV of TG at 0°C. Also, DHS‐TG reduced the heat of fusion (ΔH) of the stable form (V) of TG obtained after tempering at 0°C and at 26°C.
Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of fatty 2‐morpholinones prepared from epoxy fatty acid methyl esters
Authors: Agarwal R. , Ansari M. H. , Khan M. W. Y. , Ahmad M. , Sharma K. D. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractReactions of methyl 10,11‐epoxyundecanoate (I), methyl 9,10‐epoxyoctadecanoate (II) methyl 12,13‐epoxy‐cis‐9‐octadecenoate (III) and methyltrans‐2,3‐epoxyhexadecenoate (IV) with glycine in dimethylformamide (DMF) in the presence of anhydrous AlCl3 as catalyst have yielded 5(6)‐[8′‐carbomethoxyoctyl]‐2‐morpholinone (V); 5(6)‐[7′'‐carbomethoxyheptyl]‐6(5)‐octyl‐2‐morpholinone (VI);5(6)‐[10′‐carbomethoxydec‐cis‐2‐enyl)‐6(5)‐pentyl‐2‐morpholinone (VII), and 5‐tridecyl‐6‐carbomethoxy 2‐morpholinone (VIII), respectively in excellent yield. The products have been characterized with the help of spectral data and microanalysis. Antifungal and antibacterial screening of (V–VIII) showed pronounced activity against four bacteria and seven fungal species.
Biodegradation of some tallow‐based surface active agents in river water
Authors: Weil J. K. , Stirton A. J. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThirty‐three anionic and six nonionic detergents have been screened for biodegradability using the river water 舠Die Away舡 test. Concentrations of nonionic detergents were best determined by the surface tension method. All fat‐derived compounds without mid chain substitution were found to degrade in Schuylkill River water at 20C in less than a week.
The constancy of red blood cell lipids in man during extreme variations of dietary fat intake
Authors: Hill J. G. , Kuksis A. , Beveridge J. M. R. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe nature and extent of red blood cell lipid changes were determined in four controlled dietary experiments of 8\s‐16 days' duration involving the use of fat‐free diets, and diets supplemented with high levels of corn oil and butter fat. In the first experiment, changes in red blood cell cholesterol ester, glyceride, and phospholipid fatty acids were detected within eight days of modifications in diet. In the second experiment, constant red blood cell cholesterol levels of 136ŷ6 mg/100 ml packed cells were observed in 49 individuals who had consumed fat‐free diets, or diets providing 45% of calories in the form of corn oil. The effects of diets rich in corn oil or butter fat on red cell phospholipid phosphorus levels were assessed in the third experiment, and values were found to range only from 12.5ŷ0.4 to 12.7ŷ0.4 mg/100 ml packed cells. In the fourth experiment, total red cell lipid and the proportions of the various lipid classes were found to be unchanged under several dietary regimens. Calculations based on data from this investigation provide independent confirmation of earlier conclusions that the amount of lipid present in the red blood cell can be exactly accommodated in a bimolecular layer extending over the entire cell surface.
Catalysts for selective hydrogenation of soybean oil.1 II. Commercial catalysts
Authors: Riesz C. H. , Weber H. S. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA survey of commercial hydrogenation catalysts demonstrated the higher selectivity (SL= 2.4\s‐2.7) of certain platinum, palladium and rhodium catalysts for hydrogenating linolenic components in soybean oil. Nickel catalysts generally showed selectivities below SL=2.0 although skeletal nickel achieved higher values.Trans‐isomers were in the range 7.8\s‐15.4% for the above noble metal catalysts. Nickel catalysts provide a lesser degree of isomerization, 5.2\s‐7.4% oftrans‐isomers for the most selective catalysts.
Relative reactivity toward hydrogenation of the oleoyl group in the 2‐and 1,3‐positions of triglycerides
Authors: Tumer H. V. , Feuge R. O. , Ward T. L. , Cousins E. R. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractOlive oil was hydrogenated to an iodine value (I.V.) of ca. 50 under widely differeing operating conditions. Three types of catalyst were employed. Each catalyst was used at the lowest possible operating temp and at 170C. The hydrogenated samples were subjected to lipase hydrolysis to remove a portion of the acyl groups in the 1,3‐positions, and the fractions obtained, as well as the unhydrolyzed samples, were analyzed for fatty acid composition and content oftrans mononenes. From these data it was concluded that the position of the oleoyl group in the triglyceride molecule is not a factor in the rate of hydrogenation or isomerization.
Gas‐liquid chromatography of polar fatty derivatives
Authors: Morrissette R. A. , Link W. E. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe direct separation of fatty amides is achieved using a polyamide. Versamid 900, as the partitioning agent on a support which need not be previously impregnated with strong alkali or acid, procedures usually followed in the GLC separation of highly polar materials. The combination of a neutral support and polar substrate permits the separation of unsubstituted and substituted long chain fatty amides with as many as 24 carbon atoms with good resolution, in a reasonable time, and with good peak symmetry. The observed area responses agree with the wt percentages of standard amide mixtures, indicating that no loss of amides occurs on the column under the conditions employed.The Versamid column has proved useful in the analysis of other polar fatty derivatives. Conjugated dienoic and trienoic acids run as their methyl esters are retarded sufficiently on Versamid 900 so that they may be estimated in the presence of other fatty acids. Mixtures of compounds with varying polarity, such as mono‐, diand triacetin, and glycerol, may be separated easily. Hydroxy and normal fatty acid methyl esters give equally summetrical peaks.
Recent trends in hydrogen plant technology
Authors: Mayland B. J. , Harvin R. L. , Trimarke C. R. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe catalytic reforming process for producing hydrogen for the vegetable oil and other industries is reviewed. The chemistry of the steam‐hydrocarbon process and the present status as practiced in the U.S. are outlined. Results of research and development work are presented and a new process utilizing the Girdler űmodularƇ reformer is compared to standard designs. The advantages of űlow‐tempƇ carbon monoxide conversion are also discussed. The importance of considering the safety and reliability of new designs is stressed.
Nutritional aspects of soy protein products
Authors: Leiner Irvin E. 
Published: July 2007

Abstract and SummaryThis paper is concerned with the nutritional properties of the soybean and of various food products derived from it. Although primary consideration is given to the protein, cognizance is made of other nutrients such as vitamins and minerals. Much of our knowledge concerning the nutritional properties of the soybean has been derived from experiments with animals, and such knowledge is frequently directly applicable to human nutrition. Nutritional experiments with human subjects pose special problems, the most difficult of which is acceptability. People will not eat a certain food simply “because it is good for them.” Thus, the most serious hurdle to be overcome in the development of products containing soybean proteins is frequently not a nutritional one but one of consumer acceptance.
Determination of pentane formed during autoxidation of oils contained in solid samples
Authors: Bigalli G. 
Published: July 2007

Abstract and SummaryA convenient and practical technique for the measurement of pentane formed during peroxidation of solid materials containing unsaturated oils was developed. The test has a sensitivity below. 1. parts per million (ppm) and can be used to monitor shelf‐life of a variety of products. A special glassware was designed to perform a single extraction‐concentration step. The pentane is recovered in 2 ml of hexane and analyzed by gas chromatography. This method correlates well with taste panel scores.
Rapid lodine value determination using mercuric acetate as accelerator
Authors: Hashemy‐Tonkabony S. E. 
Published: July 2007

Abstract and SummaryIodine values of 121 samples of butter as well as some common oils and fats were determined by both the standard and rapid wijs and Hanus methods. In the rapid method a 2.5% solution of mercuric acetate in acetic acid was used as accelerator. Results of 1 min Wijs and 3 min Hanus methods as compared with 30 min reaction time of standard procedures show close and comparable results.
Soap‐based detergent formulations: XXII. Sulfobetaine derivatives ofN‐alkylglutaramides and adipamides
Authors: Micich T. J. , Linfield W. M. 
Published: July 2007

Abstract and SummaryThe acid chlorides of methyl hydrogen glutarate and methyl hydrogen adipate were allowed to react with various primary fatty amines. The resulting amido esters were converted into the corresponding amino diamides by sodium catalyzed reaction with N,N‐dimethylaminoalkylamines. The desired sulfobetaines were obtained by reaction of the resulting N‐alkyl‐N′‐(1,1‐dimethylaminoalkyl) glutaramides and adipamides with 1,3‐propanesultone. The compouds possess the same excellent lime soap dispersing ability, water solubility, calcium ion stability, and detergency properties as the analogous succinamide derivatives previous reported. This indicates that the spacing between the two amido groups or that between the quaternary nitrogen atom and the nearest amido group does not affect surface active properties.
Comparison of methods for the analysis of phosphorus in canola oils
Authors: Daun J. K. , Davidson L. D. , Blake J. A. , Yuen WO 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThree chemical and two instrumental methods for determining phosphorus in crude and refined canola oils were compared with the official AOCS method. Of the three different digestion‐spectrophotometric procedures examined, the oxygen bomb combustion method appeared to offer the best combination of speed, accuracy and precision. In contrast, the perchloric acid procedure was faulted for poor agreement with the AOCS procedure and poor reproducibility between batches, whereas the saponification procedure was very labor intensive and exhibited poor precision. Of the two instrumental methods examined, atomic absorption spectrophotometry was found to be more sensitive than molecular emission cavity analysis although both procedures were reported to be unsatisfactory in detecting inorganic phosphorus.
Development of a continuous process to obtain a confectionery fat from tallow: Final status
Authors: Kozempel M. F. , Craig J. C. , Heiland W. K. , Elias S. , Aceto N. C. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA two‐step pilot plant continuous process fractionally crystallized edible beef tallow into three fractions‐a confectionery fat (14%), cooking oil (69%), and stearine (17%). The tallow was dissolved in acetone to a concentration of 11.6% by weight. The use of scraped surface heat exchangers with high external recycle permitted crystallizations at 60–65 F and 40–42 F, respectively, with only 5 min nominal dwell times in each crystallizer. A cost estimate indicated that the process to separate continuously a confectionery fat from tallow may be commercially feasible, dependent upon the price and market of the other two fractions.
A new method for evaluating the washing power of washing agents for cotton fabrics: II. evaluation of the method’s usability
Authors: Vogtman W. , Degórski A. , Wójcik E. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA method of evaluating washing effectiveness based on the analysis of the effect of the number of washings on the degree of cleaning was verified in this work. Four commercially available washing agents were tested. The method proved useful for evaluating the degree of cleaning of cotton fabrics and for classifying washing agents according to their washing power. The method is simple, economic and effective.
Study of the thermooxidative behavior of edible oils by thermal analysis
Authors: Buz'as I. , Kurucz 'E. , Holl'o J. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe complex thermoanalytical investigation of oil stability has been made by means of the Derivato‐graph using dynamic and static programs. TG, DTG and DTA curves have been registered simultaneously. The aim of the experiments was to determine the optimum conditions for examination of oxidative stability and oxidation state of edible oils. Results show that the study of thermal decomposition under dynamic conditions allows the detection of thermal and oxidative degradation. Storability can be investigated under static (isothermal) conditions by modeling the oxidation processes. Oxidative changes can be followed quantitatively with thermogravi‐metry (TG) and derivative thermogravimetry (DTG) curves, while differential thermal analysis (DTA) measurements show exothermic enthalpy changes. A novel method has been developed for rapid indication of the oxidative stability using isothermal conditions.
Effect of phospholipids on enzyme‐catalyzed transesterification of oils
Authors: Wang Yiqun , Gordon Michael H. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe effect of phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylinositol (PI) on the activity of an immobilized lipase, Lipozyme, during transesterification of oils has been studied. PC concentrations less than 0.05% did not affect the initial rate of transesterification. Higher concentrations of PC as well as PE and PI‐rich phospholipids at the 0.5% level caused a reduction in the initial reaction rate, but after ten hours transesterification had progressed to the same extent as the control sample. Reuse of Lipozyme for ten batch reactions showed that a PC content of less than 0.05% did not cause significant inactivation of the enzyme, but PC contents above this level caused progressive inactivation of the enzyme and the inactivation increased with PC content. The ability of phospholipids to inactivate the Lipozyme was in the order PE>PC>PI. Variation in the acyl groups of PC did not significantly affect inactivation of the enzyme. It is concluded that the phospholipid content of edible oils should be reduced below 200 ppm by degumming if unacceptable inactivation of Lipozyme is to be avoided.
Unusual fatty acids inBrunfelsia americana seed oil: A rich source of oil
Authors: Daulatabad C. D. , Hosamani K. M. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractBrunfelsia americana Linn, belonging to the Solanaceae plant family, was found to contain ricinoleic acid together with cyclopropenoid and normal fatty acids. These fatty acids were characterized by infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance, mass spectrometry, gas‐liquid chromatography techniques and chemical degradations.