bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pulse Oximetry Screening at 4 Hours of Age to Detect Critical Congenital Heart Defects
Authors: Sendelbach Dorothy M. , Jackson Gregory L. , Lai Susanna S. , Fixler David E. , Stehel Elizabeth K. , Engle William D. 
Published: September 2008

OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this prospective study was to assess the feasibility and reliability of pulse oximetry screening to detect critical congenital heart defects in a newborn nursery.METHODS. The study was performed in a large urban hospital with an exclusively inborn population. Stable neonates who had a gestational age of ≥35 weeks and birth weight of ≥2100 g and in whom a critical congenital heart defect was not suspected were admitted to the newborn nursery. When the 4-hour pulse oximetry reading was &lt;96%, pulse oximetry was repeated at discharge, and when the pulse oximetry reading remained at persistently &lt;96%, echocardiography was performed.RESULTS. Of 15299 admissions to newborn nursery during the 12-month study period, 15233 (99.6%) neonates were screened with 4-hour pulse oximetry. Pulse oximetry readings were ≥96% for 14374 (94.4%) neonates; 77 were subsequently evaluated before discharge for cardiac defects on the basis of clinical examination. Seventy-six were normal, and 1 had tetralogy of Fallot with discontinuous pulmonary arteries. Pulse oximetry readings at 4 hours were &lt;96% in 859 (5.6%); 768 were rescreened at discharge, and 767 neonates had a pulse oximetry reading at ≥96%. One neonate had persistently low pulse oximetry at discharge; echocardiography was normal. Although 3 neonates with a critical congenital heart defect had a 4-hour pulse oximetry reading of &lt;96%, all developed signs and/or symptoms of a cardiac defect and received a diagnosis on the basis of clinical findings, not screening results.CONCLUSIONS. All neonates with a critical congenital heart defect were detected clinically, and no cases of critical congenital heart defect were detected by pulse oximetry screening. These results indicate that pulse oximetry screening does not improve detection of critical congenital heart defects above and beyond clinical observation and assessment. Our findings do not support a recommendation for routine pulse oximetry screening in seemingly healthy neonates.
Assessing exposure of sediment biota to organic contaminants by thin-film solid phase extraction
Authors: Meloche Lizanne M. , deBruyn Adrian M. H. , Otton S. Victoria , Ikonomou Michael G. , Gobas Frank A. P. C. 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
Differences in bioavailability among sediments are a source of variability and uncertainty in sediment quality assessment. We present three sets of studies designed to test a thin-film solid phase extraction technique for characterizing the bioavailability of organic chemicals in sediments. Laboratory studies with spiked natural sediments reveal highly reproducible thin-film extractions for chemicals with octanol–water partition coefficients between 104.5 and 108.5, with 95% equilibration times between 1 and 600 h. Studies with field-collected sediments illustrate that method detection limits are sufficiently low for field application at contaminated sites. Bioaccumulation studies with clams (Macoma balthica) show excellent correlations between thin-film and animal tissue concentrations. We conclude that thin-film extraction provides an ecologically relevant, fugacity-based measure of chemical exposure that can be expected to improve sediment quality assessments.
Effects of methylprednisolone acetate and glucosamine on proteoglycan production by equine chondrocytes in vitro
Authors: Byron Christopher R. , Benson Britany M. , Stewart Allison A. , Pondenis Holly C. 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate the effects of methylprednisolone acetate (MPA) on proteoglycan production by equine chondrocytes and to investigate whether glucosamine hydrochloride modulates these effects at clinically relevant concentrations.
Sample Population—Articular cartilage with normal gross appearance from metacarpophalangeal and metatarsophalangeal joints of 8 horses (1 to 10 years of age).
Procedures—In vitro chondrocyte pellets were pretreated with glucosamine (0, 1, 10, and 100 μg/mL) for 48 hours and exposed to MPA (0, 0.05, and 0.5 mg/mL) for 24 hours. Pellets and media were assayed for proteoglycan production (Alcian blue precipitation) and proteoglycan content (dimethylmethylene blue assay), and pellets were assayed for DNA content.
Results—Methylprednisolone decreased production of proteoglycan by equine chondrocytes at both concentrations studied. Glucosamine protected proteoglycan production at all 3 concentrations studied.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Methylprednisolone, under noninflammatory conditions present in this study, decreased production of proteoglycan by equine chondrocytes. Glucosamine had a protective effect against inhibition of proteoglycan production at all 3 concentrations studied. This suggested that glucosamine may be useful as an adjunct treatment when an intra-articular injection of a corticosteroid is indicated and that it may be efficacious at concentrations relevant to clinical use.
Effects of clinically relevant concentrations of glucosamine on equine chondrocytes and synoviocytes in vitro
Authors: Byron Christopher R. , Stewart Matthew C. , Stewart Allison A. , Pondenis Holly C. 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate the effects of glucosamine on equine articular chondrocytes and synoviocytes at concentrations clinically relevant to serum and synovial fluid concentrations.
Sample Population—Articular cartilage and synovium with normal gross appearance from metacarpophalangeal and metatarsophalangeal joints of 8 horses (1 to 10 years of age).
Procedures—In vitro chondrocyte and synoviocyte cell cultures from 8 horses were treated with glucosamine (0.1 to 20 μg/mL) with or without interleukin-1 (IL-1; 10 ng/mL) for 48 hours. Negative control cultures received no glucosamine or IL-1, and positive control cultures received only IL-1. Cultures were assayed for production of proteoglycan (via media containing sulfur 35 (35S)-labeled sodium sulfate and Alcian blue precipitation), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2; via a colorimetric assay), cyclooxygenase-2 (via real-time reverse-transcriptase PCR assay), microsomal PGE2 synthase (mPGEs; via real-time reverse-transcriptase PCR assay), and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-13 (via a colorimetric assay).
Results—Glucosamine had no impact on proteoglycan production or MMP-13 production under noninflammatory (no IL-1) or inflammatory (with IL-1) conditions. Glucosamine at 0.1 and 0.5 μg/mL significantly decreased IL-1–stimulated production of mPGEs by chondrocytes, compared with that of positive control chondrocytes. Glucosamine at 0.1 and 5 μg/mL significantly decreased IL-1–stimulated production of mPGEs and PGE2, respectively, compared with that of positive control synoviocytes.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Glucosamine had limited effects on chondrocyte and synoviocyte metabolism at clinically relevant concentrations, although it did have some anti-inflammatory activity on IL-1–stimulated articular cells. Glucosamine may have use at clinically relevant concentrations in the treatment of inflammatory joint disease.
Evaluation of transesophageal echo-Doppler ultrasonography for the measurement of aortic blood flow in anesthetized cats
Authors: Rezende Marlis L. , Pypendop Bruno H. , Ilkiw Jan E. 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate the use of a transesophageal echo-Doppler ultrasonography (TED) technique for measurement of aortic blood flow (ABF) in relation to cardiac output (CO) measured by use of a thermodilution technique in anesthetized cats.
Animals—6 adult cats (mean ± SD body weight, 5 ± 0.7 kg).
Procedures—Anesthesia was induced and maintained in cats by administration of isoflurane. A thermodilution catheter was placed in a pulmonary artery. The TED probe was positioned in the esophagus in the region where the aorta and esophagus are almost parallel. Five baseline values for ABF and CO were concurrently recorded. Cats were randomly assigned to a high or low CO state (increase or decrease in CO by at least 25% from baseline, respectively). Baseline conditions were restored, and the other CO state was induced, after which baseline conditions were again restored. For each CO state, ABF and CO were measured 5 times at 5-minute intervals. Correlation and agreement between the techniques were determined by use of the Pearson product-moment correlation and Bland-Altman method.
Results—CO ranged from 0.16 to 0.75 L/min and ABF from 0.05 to 0.48 L/min. Overall data analysis revealed a high correlation (r = 0.884) between techniques but poor agreement (limits of agreement, −0.277 to 0.028 L/min). During the low CO state, correlation between techniques was low (r = 0.413).
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—TED did not accurately measure CO. However, it allowed evaluation of CO patterns and may be useful clinically in anesthetized cats.
Evaluation of EDTA hematology tubes for collection of blood samples for tests of secondary hemostasis in dogs
Authors: Cerón Jose J. , Carli Erika , Tasca Silvia , Martinez-Subiela Silvia , Caldin Marco 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate the use of EDTA tubes for collection of blood samples for assays of secondary hemostasis in dogs.
Animals—108 dogs of various ages, breeds, and sexes (19 healthy and 89 with abnormalities of secondary hemostasis).
Procedures—Blood samples were collected via cephalic venipuncture and transferred to sodium citrate tubes and EDTA tubes. Plasma was harvested from each type of tube for assays of concentrations of fibrinogen and D-dimer as well as prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, and antithrombin activity. Intra-assay and interassay precision and correlation coefficients for all hemostatic tests were calculated for each type of plasma sample. The effect of storage conditions on assay results for the 2 types of plasma samples was also evaluated.
Results—Results of hemostatic tests were highly correlated between citrated and EDTA-treated plasma samples. Intra-assay imprecision for all hemostatic tests with the exception of D-dimer concentration was < 10% for both citrated and EDTA-treated plasma samples; interassay imprecision was higher for EDTA-treated versus citrated plasma samples. Storage of plasma samples for 1 hour did not result in significantly different assay results for either type of plasma sample, but storage for 2 hours significantly affected values for EDTA-treated plasma samples.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Although evaluation of the sensitivity and specificity of hemostatic tests that use EDTA-treated plasma samples is required, EDTA may be a suitable alternative to sodium citrate as an anticoagulant for use in hemostatic testing in conditions in which tests could be performed within 1 hour after sample collection.
Effect of colostrum administration by use of oroesophageal intubation on serum IgG concentrations in Holstein bull calves
Authors: Chigerwe Munashe , Tyler Jeff W. , Schultz Loren G. , Middleton John R. , Steevens Barry J. , Spain James N. 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
Objective—To determine the amount of colostral IgG required for adequate passive transfer in calves administered colostrum by use of oroesophageal intubation and evaluate the impact of other factors on passive transfer of colostral immunoglobulins in calves.
Animals—120 Holstein bull calves.
Procedures—Calves were randomly assigned to specific treatment groups on the basis of volume of colostrum administered and age of calf at administration of colostrum. Colostrum was administered once by oroesophageal intubation. Equal numbers of calves received 1, 2, 3, or 4 L of colostrum, and equal numbers of calves received colostrum at 2, 6, 10, 14, 18, or 22 hours after birth. Serum samples were obtained from calves 48 hours after birth for IgG determination by radial immunodiffusion assay. Effects of factors affecting transfer of colostral immunoglobulins were determined by use of a stepwise multiple regression model and logistic regression models.
Results—A minimum of 153 g of colostral IgG was required for optimum colostral transfer of immunoglobulins when calves were fed3Lof colostrum at 2 hours after birth. Substantially larger IgG intakes were required by calves fed colostrum > 2 hours after birth.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Feeding 100 g of colostral IgG by oroesophageal intubation was insufficient for adequate passive transfer of colostral immunoglobulins. At least 150 to 200 g of colostral IgG was required for adequate passive transfer of colostral immunoglobulins. Use of an oroesophageal tube for administration of 3 L of colostrum to calves within 2 hours after birth is recommended.
In vitro effects of lactoferrin on lipopolysaccharide-induced proliferation, gene expression, and prostanoid production by bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells
Authors: Dawes Maisie E. , Tyler Jeff W. , Marsh Antoinette E. , Larson Robert L. , Steevens Barry J. , Lakritz Jeffrey 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate the effect of lactoferrin on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced proliferation of bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), gene expression of inflammatory mediators, and production of prostanoids in vitro.
Sample Population—PBMCs isolated from 15 Holstein bull calves.
Procedures—Mixed populations of PBMCs were isolated by differential centrifugation. Proliferation assays were conducted in 96-well plates designed to allow addition of lactoferrin (200 ng/mL) with and without LPS (1 μg/mL) in a checkerboard design. Incorporation of 3H-thymidine was used to determine proliferation of PBMCs. Prostaglandin E2 production was determined in culture-conditioned medium by use of enzyme immunoassay. Effects of lactoferrin on LPS-induced gene expression of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 were monitored by use of PCR assays.
Results—Lactoferrin supplementation significantly reduced LPS-induced incorporation of 3H-thymidine and production of prostaglandin E2 by PBMCs. Lactoferrin reduced LPS-induced expression of COX-2 and MMP-9 mRNA.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Lactoferrin reduced LPS-induced cellular proliferation, inflammatory mediator gene expression, and prostaglandin E2 production by bovine PBMCs in vitro. These effects may be beneficial in reducing the impact of endotoxemia in neonates.
Evaluation of sequential coinfection with Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Anaplasma marginale in cattle
Authors: Hoar Bruce R. , Nieto Nathan C. , Rhodes Diane M. , Foley Janet E. 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
Objective—To determine whether sequelae of infection differed among single versus double infection with Anaplasma phagocytophilum or Anaplasma marginale, with and without tick salivary extract, in cattle.
Animals—Eighteen 13-month old steers.
Procedures—Treatment groups of 3 cattle each included A marginale inoculated ID followed on day 35 by A phagocytophilum without tick saliva, A phagocytophilum followed on day 10 by A marginale without tick saliva, A marginale followed on day 35 by A phagocytophilum with tick saliva, A phagocytophilum followed on day 10 by A marginale with tick saliva, tissue culture control injection, and tick saliva control injection. Infection was monitored via clinical observations, CBC, serologic testing, and PCR analysis of blood and tissues.
Results—Infected cattle had significantly reduced weight gain. Anemia occurred 25 to 32 days after A marginale infection, which was attenuated by tick saliva. Parasitism was greater if cattle had not previously been inoculated with A phagocytophilum. Nine of the 12 treated cattle had positive results of PCR analysis for A phagocytophilum from at least 1 blood sample. Five tissue samples had positive results of PCR analysis for A phagocytophilum; PCR results for A marginale were positive in spleen, lung, lymph node, heart, and ear skin of infected cattle.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results indicated an important biological interaction between A marginale and A phagocytophilum infection as well as with tick saliva in disease kinetics and severity in cattle, which may be important for interpretation of diagnostic tests and management of disease in areas where both pathogens occur.
Evaluation of antibodies against feline coronavirus 7b protein for diagnosis of feline infectious peritonitis in cats
Authors: Kennedy Melissa A. , Abd-Eldaim Mohamed , Zika Sarah E. , Mankin Joseph M. , Kania Stephen A. 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
Objective—To determine whether expression of feline coronavirus (FCoV) 7b protein, as indicated by the presence of specific serum antibodies, consistently correlated with occurrence of feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) in cats.
Sample Population—95 serum samples submitted for various diagnostic assays and 20 samples from specific-pathogen–free cats tested as negative control samples.
Procedures—The 7b gene from a virulent strain of FCoV was cloned into a protein expression vector. The resultant recombinant protein was produced and used in antibody detection assays via western blot analysis of serum samples. Results were compared with those of an immunofluorescence assay (IFA) for FCoV-specific antibody and correlated with health status.
Results—Healthy IFA-seronegative cats were seronegative for antibodies against the 7b protein. Some healthy cats with detectable FCoV-specific antibodies as determined via IFA were seronegative for antibodies against the 7b protein. Serum from cats with FIP had antibodies against the 7b protein, including cats with negative results via conventional IFA. However, some healthy cats, as well as cats with conditions other than FIP that were seropositive to FCoV via IFA, were also seropositive for the 7b protein.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Expression of the 7b protein, as indicated by detection of antibodies against the protein, was found in most FCoV-infected cats. Seropositivity for this protein was not specific for the FCoV virulent biotype or a diagnosis of FIP.
Evaluation of the potential of animal streptococcal isolates belonging to serogroups C and G to elicit acute rheumatic fever
Authors: Barroso Vanessa , Rohde Manfred , Dinkla Katrin , Chhatwal Gursharan S. 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
Objective—To determine whether groups C and G streptococci (GCS-GGS) isolated from animals have rheumatogenic traits associated with human GCS-GGS isolates, particularly the potential of the bacteria to interact with human collagen type IV (collagen-IV), known to be targeted during acute rheumatic fever (ARF).
Sample Population—64 GCS and GGS bacterial strains isolated from infected animals.
Procedures—Bacteria were analyzed for their ability to bind and aggregate collagen-IV and for the presence of collagen binding factors, such as the hyaluronic acid capsule, cne gene, and emm gene.
Results—Collagen-IV binding ability was detected in 19% (n = 12) of the isolates studied. Of the collagen-IV binding strains, 5 expressed hyaluronic acid capsule. Furthermore, emm was detected in the genome of 1 isolate, whereas all remaining collagen-IV binding isolates possessed the cne gene. Of the collagen binding factors investigated, the hyaluronic capsule was the only factor for which collagen-IV interaction could be detected. Investigation of the potential of these strains to aggregate collagen-IV revealed that animal isolates had a nonaggregating phenotype.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Despite efficiently binding collagen-IV via hyaluronic acid, animal isolates lacked the ability to initiate aggregation of this protein. Because collagen-IV aggregation is associated with all collagen-IV–binding rheumatogenic strains, this suggested a lack of rheumatogenic potential among animal-derived GCS and GGS and, therefore, a low chance of acquiring ARF through animal contact.
Noninvasive determination of body segment parameters of the hind limb in Labrador Retrievers with and without cranial cruciate ligament disease
Authors: Ragetly Chantal A. , Griffon Dominique J. , Thomas Jason E. , Mostafa Ayman A. , Schaeffer David J. , Pijanowski Gerald J. , Hsiao-Wecksler Elizabeth T. 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
Objective—To determine mass, center of mass (COM), and moment of inertia (ie, body segment parameters [BSPs]) of hind limb segments by use of a noninvasive method based on computerized tomography (CT) in Labrador Retrievers with and without cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) disease and to provide regression equations to estimate BSPs of normal, CCL-deficient, and contralateral hind limbs.
Animals—14 clinically normal and 10 CCL-deficient Labrador Retrievers.
Procedures—Bone, muscle, and fat areas were identified via CT. Mass, COM, and moment of inertia were determined on the basis of tissue densities in the thigh, crus, and foot segments. Regression models were developed to determine predictive equations to estimate BSP on the basis of simple morphometric measurements.
Results—The thigh and crus of CCL-deficient limbs weighed less than in contralateral segments. Thighs weighed less in CCL-deficient than in normal limbs. The thigh moment of inertia was less in CCL-deficient than in contralateral limbs. The crural COM was located more distally in normal limbs, compared with other limbs. Predictive equations to estimate BSP varied by parameter, body segment, and limb status.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—BSPs of the thigh and crus varied with segment and status of the hind limb in Labrador Retrievers with or without CCL disease. Equations to estimate BSP on the basis of simple morphometric measurements were proposed, providing a basis for nonterminal studies of inverse dynamics of the hind limbs in Labrador Retrievers. This approach may offer new strategies to investigate the pathogenesis of nontraumatic joint diseases.
Intrinsic radiosensitivity and repair of sublethal radiation-induced damage in canine osteosarcoma cell lines
Authors: Fitzpatrick Courtney L. , Farese James P. , Milner Rowan J. , Salute Marc E. , Rajon Didier A. , Morris Christopher G. , Bova Francis J. , Lurie David M. , Siemann Dietmar W. 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
Objective—To characterize the radiosensitivity and capacity for sublethal damage repair (SLDR) of radiation-induced injury in 4 canine osteosarcoma cell lines.
Sample Population—4 canine osteosarcoma cell lines (HMPOS, POS, COS 31, and D17).
Procedures—A clonogenic colony-forming assay was used to evaluate the cell lines' intrinsic radiosensitivities and SLDR capacities. Dose-response curves for the cell lines were generated by fitting the surviving fractions after radiation doses of 0 (control cells), 1, 2, 3, 6, and 9 Gy to a linear quadratic model. To evaluate SLDR, cell lines were exposed to 2 doses of 3 Gy (split-dose experiments) at an interval of 0 (single 6-Gy dose), 2, 4, 6, or 24 hours, after which the surviving fractions were assessed.
Results—Mean surviving fraction did not differ significantly among the 4 cell lines at the radiation doses tested. Mean surviving fraction at 2 Gy was high (0.62), and the α/β ratios (predictor of tissue sensitivity to radiation therapy) for the cell lines were low (mean ratio, 3.47). The split-dose experiments revealed a 2.8- to 3.9-fold increase in cell survival when the radiation doses were applied at an interval of 24 hours, compared with cell survival after radiation doses were applied consecutively (0-hour interval).
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results indicated that these canine osteosarcoma cell lines are fairly radioresistant; α/β ratios were similar to those of nonneoplastic, lateresponding tissues. Future clinical investigations should involve increasing the fraction size in a manner that maximizes tumor killing without adverse effects on the nonneoplastic surrounding tissues.