bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PAMBE growth and in‐situ characterisation of clean (2 × 2) and (√3 × √3) R30° reconstructed InN(0001) thin films
Authors: Himmerlich M. , Eisenhardt A. , Schaefer J. A. , Krischok S. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe surface properties of thin InN(0001) films grown by plasma assisted molecular beam epitaxy (PAMBE) were characterised. Two stable surface reconstructions (a (2 × 2) and a (√3 × √3) R30°) are identified which develop depending on the used preparation conditions. The structural, compositional and electronic surface properties were analysed in‐situ using reflection high energy electron diffraction (RHEED) and photoelectron spectroscopy (PES). From the absence of surface contaminants as well as excess indium it can be concluded that these superstructures are formed by single adatom layers. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Choosing an optimal method to combineP‐values
Authors: Won Sungho , Morris Nathan , Lu Qing , Elston Robert C. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractFisher (1925) was the first to suggest a method of combining thep‐values obtained from several statistics and many other methods have been proposed since then. However, there is no agreement about what is the best method. Motivated by a situation that now often arises in genetic epidemiology, we consider the problem when it is possible to define a simple alternative hypothesis of interest for which the expected effect size of each test statistic is known and we determine the most powerful test for this simple alternative hypothesis. Based on the proposed method, we show that information about the effect sizes can be used to obtain the best weights for Liptak's method of combiningp‐values. We present extensive simulation results comparing methods of combiningp‐values and illustrate for a real example in genetic epidemiology how information about effect sizes can be deduced. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Intake and digestion of horned guan Oreophasis derbianus diets measured in three Mexican zoos
Authors: Tovar Gretel , Cornejo Juan , Macek Michael , Dierenfeld Ellen S. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractWe conducted nutritional analyses of diets offered to and ingested by seven pairs of horned guans (Oreophasis derbianus) in three zoos. Digestibility was calculated with individually housed birds (n=1 at each zoo). Diets offered varied widely among institutions, both in ingredients fed as well as in nutrient composition. Feeding selectivity was evident through differences in composition of diets offered vs. consumed, with fruit (bananas, grape, and/or plantain) and avocado (when offered) highly preferred; green leaves, poultry pellets, and other vegetables comprised lesser proportions of the diet. All facilities fed 2–3X more food than consumed, allowing a great degree of choice of preferred items and potentially consumption of nutritionally imbalanced diets—in particular, mineral constituents. Diets were highly digestible; dry matter (DM) digestion coefficients ranged from 70 to ∼90%; protein digestibility varied from 30 to 80%; fat was >90% digestible. Diet composition was compared with known nutritional requirements of domestic avian species, and feeding recommendations discussed. Despite the wide variability in nutrient composition of diets eaten (i.e. protein 6–10% of DM; fat 2–17% of DM), no overt health problems were noted and all pairs had successfully reproduced on these diets. It is suggested that horned guans may have nutrient requirements more similar to those suggested for other frugivorous birds than values determined for poultry as the physiologic model. Comparisons with native food items, as well as more detailed nutrient balance studies, may provide even better guidelines for captive management of this highly endangered species. Zoo Biol 28:319–330, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Single and combined supplementation of glutamine andn-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on host tolerance and tumour response to 7-ethyl-10-[4-(1-piperidino)-1-piperidino]carbonyloxy-camptothecin (CPT-11)/5-fluorouracil chemotherapy in rats bearing Ward colon tumour
Authors: Xue Hongyu , Le Roy Séverine , Sawyer Michael B. , Field Catherine J. , Dieleman Levinus A. , Baracos Vickie E. 
Published: March 2009

Prior reports suggest that during irinotecan (7-ethyl-10-[4-(1-piperidino)-1-piperidino]carbonyloxy-camptothecin; CPT-11) chemotherapy in laboratory rats, the anti-tumour efficacy and diarrhoea toxicity could be modulated byn-3 PUFA and glutamine, respectively. We further examined how these two dietary elements, when provided individually and in combination, would affect the efficacy of a cyclical regimen of CPT-11/5-fluorouracil (5-FU), an accepted combination regimen for colorectal cancer. Prior to initiating chemotherapy, diets enriched either with glutamine (2 %, w/w total diet) orn-3 PUFA (0·88 %, w/w total diet) alone, inhibited Ward colon tumour growth (P < 0·05). These diets also completely or partially normalized the changes in peripheral leucocyte counts associated with the tumour-bearing state (e.g. neutrophil proportion/concentration and lymphocyte proportion). During chemotherapy, either glutamine- orn-3 PUFA-enriched diet enhanced tumour chemo-sensitivity, and reduced body weight loss, anorexia and muscle wasting (v.animals fed control diet,P < 0·05). Surprisingly, providing both glutamine andn-3 PUFA together did not confer a greater benefit on tumour inhibition either in the presence or absence of chemotherapy; individual benefits associated with single treatments, particularly in respect to host nutritional status (i.e. body weight, food intake and muscle weight) and immune (peripheral leucocyte counts) features were instead partially or completely lost when these two nutrients were combined. These results draw into question the common assumption that there are additive or synergistic benefits of combinations of nutrients, which are beneficial on an individual basis, and suggest that co-supplementation with glutamine andn-3 PUFA is not indicated during chemotherapy with CPT-11 and 5-FU.
Flanking microstructures
Authors: MUKHERJEE SOUMYAJIT , KOYI HEMIN A. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractDuctile sheared rocks of the Higher Himalayan Crystalline unit (HHC) in micro-scale reveal flanking microstructures defined by nucleated minerals (the cross-cutting elements, CEs), and deflected cleavages and grain margins (the host fabric elements, HEs) of other minerals. Depending on different or the same senses of drag across the cross-cutting elements, the flanking microstructures are grouped into Type 1 or Type 2 varieties, respectively. Cross-cutting elements of Type 2 flanking microstructures connote post-tectonic directional growth. The cross-cutting elements of the Type 1 flanking microstructures consistently demonstrate top-to-SW non-coaxial shearing in the Higher Himalayan Crystalline unit. Here the external host fabric elements bounding the cross-cutting elements act as the C-planes. These cross-cutting element minerals are usually parallelogram-shaped, underwent crystal-plastic deformation and their nucleations are pre- or syntectonic. The facts that the host fabric elements are dragged even in absence of rheological softening at the boundaries of the cross-cutting elements, and that the cross-cutting elements are non-rigid, indicate strong bonds between the host fabric elements and the cross-cutting elements. Salient morphological variations in the flanking microstructures are: (1) variable intensity and senses of drag along the single and the opposite cross-cutting element margins; (2) host fabric elements defined only at one side of the cross-cutting elements; and (3) presence of a thin hazy zone at the HE–CE contacts. The observed cross-cutting element minerals are either of nearly the same or of greater competency than the mineral grains which host them.
Tularaemia of middle ear with suppurative lymphadenopathy and retropharyngeal abscess
Authors: Gürkov R , Kisser U , Splettstösser W , Hogardt M , Krause E 
Published: March 2009

AbstractObjective:We report an extremely rare case of otitis media due toFrancisella tularensis, complicated by multiple suppurative cervical lesions and a lasting conductive hearing loss.Case report:A young woman presented with otitis media, several neck swellings and a retropharyngeal swelling. Polymerase chain reaction testing of aspirated fluid and serology confirmed the diagnosis of tularaemia. Specific antibiotic therapy initiated six weeks after the onset of initial symptoms did not resolve the disease, and open surgical drainage was necessary.Conclusions:Otitis media unresponsive to conventional therapy and accompanied by unusually pronounced lymphadenopathy should prompt the clinician to consider tularaemia as a differential diagnosis, in order to initiate timely, specific therapy.
A role for ipsilateral, selective neck dissection in carotid body tumours
Authors: Morton R P , Stewart T , Dray M S , Farmilo W 
Published: March 2009

AbstractIntroduction:A reliable diagnosis of malignant carotid body tumour can only be made in the presence of metastatic disease, because the histological features of the primary tumour do not correlate with clinical behaviour.Case report:We report two cases of malignant carotid body tumour in which regional nodal biopsy at the time of excision of the primary tumour revealed unsuspected metastatic disease.Discussion:Reoperation in the neck for recurrent metastatic carotid body tumour is difficult and potentially hazardous. The presence of occult metastatic disease is easily identified if a selective – or sentinel – nodal dissection is performed routinely in cases of carotid body tumour excision. Such an approach adds very little morbidity, effort or time to the primary surgery, and is recommended. This view has been supported by some other authors but is generally overlooked in clinical practice.
Oncogenic osteomalacia from pterygopalatine fossa mass
Authors: Savage C R , Zimmer L A 
Published: March 2009

AbstractIntroduction:Oncogenic osteomalacia, or tumour-induced osteomalacia, is an uncommon cause of osteomalacia. It has been reported to occur in patients with hypophosphataemia due to excess renal phosphate excretion secondary to mesenchymal tumours. Occurrence of this pathological process in the head and neck is extremely rare.Methods:Case report and literature review.Results:We present a case of a 73-year-old woman with tumour-induced osteomalacia. She was initially followed by the endocrinologists for osteomalacia and pathological fractures. An indium-111 pentetreotide scan showed activity in the left pterygopalatine fossa. A mass was endoscopically resected, and the histopathological appearance was consistent with a haemangiopericytoma. Following surgery, the patient's hypophosphataemia and vitamin D deficiency corrected and her symptoms resolved.Conclusions:Oncogenic osteomalacia, or tumour-induced osteomalacia, is a rare entity in the head and neck. Current research is elucidating the mechanism by which phosphaturic wasting occurs. In most patients, symptoms resolve once the offending tumour is removed.
On t-conformal measures and Hausdorff dimension for a family of non-uniformly hyperbolic horseshoes
Authors: LEPLAIDEUR RENAUD , RIOS ISABEL 
Published: March 2009

AbstractIn this paper we consider horseshoes with homoclinic tangencies inside the limit set. For a class of such maps, we prove the existence of a unique equilibrium state μt, associated to the (non-continuous) potential −tlog Ju. We also prove that the Hausdorff dimension of the limit set, in any open piece of unstable manifold, is the unique number t0 such that the pressure of μt0 is zero. To deal with the discontinuity of the jacobian, we introduce a countable Markov partition adapted to the dynamics, and work with the first return map defined in a rectangle of it.
The different faces of care work: understanding the experiences of the multi-cultural care workforce
Authors: DOYLE MARTHA , TIMONEN VIRPI 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTAn increased demand for long-term care services coupled with the decreased availability of informal (family) carers in many industrialised countries has led to the employment of growing numbers of ‘migrant care workers’. Little is known about this heterogeneous group or of their experience of employment in long-term care. Providing an important insight into a hitherto little researched and poorly understood topic, this article presents the findings of a qualitative study in Ireland that sought greater understanding of migrant carers' experience of care work and of the intra-group differences among them. The findings suggest that some members of the long-term care workforce are more likely to confront obstacles and discrimination than others. The data indicate that the experiences of European, South Asian and African carers are significantly different and that relationships may exist between carers' region of origin and their experience of care work, employment mobility and long-term plans for remaining in the sector. The findings underscore the significance of acknowledging the unique barriers and obstacles faced by particular populations of care workers. A better understanding of the changing demographic profile and needs of both care recipients and their paid (migrant) care-givers is required to ensure that appropriate policy and practical interventions are developed to support both groups.
The chemical evolution of the Galactic thick and thin disks
Authors: Chiappini Cristina 
Published: March 2009

AbstractRecent data have revealed a clear distinction between the abundance patterns of the Milky Way (MW) thick and thin disks, suggesting a different origin for each of these components. In this work we first review the main ideas on the formation of the thin disk. From chemical evolution arguments we show that the thin disk should have formed on a long timescale. We also show clear signs that the local stellar samples are contaminated by stars coming from inner radii. We then check what would have to be changed in such a model in order to explain the observables in the thick disk. We find that a model in which the thick disk forms on a much shorter timescale than thin disk and with a star formation efficiency of around a factor of 10 larger than that in the thin disk can account for the observed abundance ratio shifts of several elements between thick and thin disk stars. Moreover, the lack of scatter in the abundance ratio patterns of both the thick and thin disks suggest both components to have been formed in situ by gas accretion and not by mergers of smaller stellar systems. Especially for the thick disk, this last constraint becomes a strong one if its metallicity distribution extends to, at least, solar. Finally, we briefly discuss the interplay between present deuterium abundance and present infall rates in connection with the thin disk evolution.
Present state and promises to unravel the structure and kinematics of the Milky Way with the RAVE survey
Authors: Steinmetz M. , Siebert A. , Zwitter T. ,   the RAVE collaboration
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe RAdial Velocity Experiment (RAVE) is an ambitious survey to measure the radial velocities, temperatures, surface gravities, metallicities and abundance ratios for up to a million stars using the 1.2-m UK Schmidt Telescope of the Anglo-Australian Observatory (AAO), over the period 2003–2011. The survey represents a big advance in our understanding of our own Milky Way galaxy. The main data product will be a southern hemisphere survey of about a million stars. Their selection is based exclusively on their I–band colour, so avoiding any colour-induced bias. RAVE is expected to be the largest spectroscopic survey of the Solar neighbourhood in the coming decade, but with a significant fraction of giant stars reaching out to 10 kpc from the Sun. RAVE offers the first truly representative inventory of stellar radial velocities for all major components of the Galaxy. Here we present the first scientific results of this survey as well as its second data release which doubles the number of previously released radial velocities. For the first time, the release also provides atmospheric parameters for a large fraction of the second year data, making it an unprecedented tool to study the formation of the Milky Way. Plans for further data releases are outlined.
Galaxy And Mass Assembly (GAMA)
Authors: Driver Simon P. ,   the GAMA team
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe GAMA survey aims to deliver 250,000 optical spectra (3–7 Å resolution) over 250 sq. degrees to spectroscopic limits of rAB < 19.8 and KAB < 17.0 mag. Complementary imaging will be provided by GALEX, VST, UKIRT, VISTA, HERSCHEL and ASKAP to comparable flux levels leading to a definitive multi-wavelength galaxy database. The data will be used to study all aspects of cosmic structures on 1kpc to 1Mpc scales spanning all environments and out to a redshift limit of z ≈ 0.4. Key science drivers include the measurement of: the halo mass function via group velocity dispersions; the stellar, HI, and baryonic mass functions; galaxy component mass-size relations; the recent merger and star-formation rates by mass, types and environment. Detailed modeling of the spectra, broad SEDs, and spatial distributions should provide individual star formation histories, ages, bulge-disc decompositions and stellar bulge, stellar disc, dust disc, neutral HI gas and total dynamical masses for a significant subset of the sample (~ 100k) spanning both the giant and dwarf galaxy populations. The survey commenced March 2008 with 50k spectra obtained in 21 clear nights using the Anglo Australian Observatory's new multi-fibre-fed bench-mounted dual-beam spectroscopic system (AAΩ).
A web server for inferring the human N-acetyltransferase-2 (NAT2) enzymatic phenotype from NAT2 genotype
Authors: Kuznetsov Igor B. , McDuffie Michael , Moslehi Roxana 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
Summary: N-acetyltransferase-2 (NAT2) is an important enzyme that catalyzes the acetylation of aromatic and heterocyclic amine carcinogens. Individuals in human populations are divided into three NAT2 acetylator phenotypes: slow, rapid and intermediate. NAT2PRED is a web server that implements a supervised pattern recognition method to infer NAT2 phenotype from SNPs found in NAT2 gene positions 282, 341, 481, 590, 803 and 857. The web server can be used for a fast determination of NAT2 phenotypes in genetic screens.
Availability:Freely available at http://nat2pred.rit.albany.edu
Contact: ikuznetsov@albany.edu; rmoslehi@albany.edu
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Survival and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes of Preterm Infants
Authors: Hack Maureen 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTSurvival of preterm infants, which increased dramatically during the years after the introduction of neonatal intensive care, reached a plateau in the mid‐ to late 1990s. Neonatal morbidity, which increased initially, has decreased since 2000 and resulted in a decrease in the rates of cerebral palsy. Follow‐up of preterm infants to early childhood and school age reveals higher rates of asthma, cerebral palsy, subnormal cognitive function, poorer academic achievement, and behavioral problems. Although many of the problems persist into adulthood, preterm survivors regard their overall health and quality of life similar to that of normal birth weight controls.
Oxidative Stress and Nutrition in the Preterm Newborn
Authors: Perrone Serafina , Salvi Giulia , Bellieni Carlo V , Buonocore Giuseppe 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTOxidative stress occurs when the production of free radicals exceeds the cells' ability to eliminate them. Many events leading to overproduction of free radicals may easily induce oxidative stress in the earliest phases of human life. Given the growing role of oxidative stress in newborn preterm morbidity, one of the goals of modern neonatology is to minimize free radical production and promote the development of adequate antioxidant systems through an adequate nutritional strategy. Appropriate administration of total parenteral solutions and lipid emulsions with light protection can minimize the risk of peroxidation. Providing the baby with amino acid substrates for cellular glutathione synthesis immediately after birth promotes antioxidant defenses at the early stages of life. Breast milk has been found to have many advantages over formula, including the potential to provide antioxidant protection to infants. It is conceivable that these antioxidants in breast milk help to eliminate free radicals in infants. The role of vitamin administration in preterm nutrition has not yet been established. Clinical trials carried out to test the efficacy of antioxidant drugs or vitamins were inconclusive. At present, there are no evidence‐based recommendations about the use of nutritional strategies or antioxidant drugs to minimize oxidative stress in the management of preterm infants.
Epidemiology, Economics, and Ethics in the NICU: Reflections From 30 Years of Neonatology Practice
Authors: Meadow William 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTOver the past 30 years, I have noted 4 epidemiological points, each of which, I believe, must inform future conversations between neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) physicians, parents, and policy makers. First, there are no credible arguments against NICU care that rely on invoking cost or distributive justice. NICU dollars are remarkably well targeted to children who will ultimately survive to be discharged, as opposed to die in the NICU. If any rationing arguments are to be made, then they should be directed against sick adults in intensive care units. Second, the vast majority of infants admitted to the NICU, even infants sick enough to require mechanical ventilation, will survive to be discharged home—and every caretaker knows this, every day. Again, these findings stand in sharp contrast to adult patients in intensive care, where discordant predictions of survival are the norm, not the exception. Third, medical caretakers are remarkably poor at predicting which infants will die in the NICU, using either serial illness severity algorithms or serial intuitions. Nearly half of all babies predicted to die in the NICU by either strategy will survive to be discharged nonetheless. Fourth, and finally, medical caretakers seem remarkably good at identifying burdensome outcomes (either death or survival with permanent serious neurological disability) while babies are still sick enough that an alternative (ie, withdrawal of the ventilator) is ethically possible. Only 5% of ventilated extremely low birth weight babies receiving ventilation who are predicted to die before NICU discharge will be alive and neurologically unscathed at 2 years of age.