bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transplantation of Bone Marrow–Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Improves Diabetic Polyneuropathy in Rats
Authors: Shibata Taiga , Naruse Keiko , Kamiya Hideki , Kozakae Mika , Kondo Masaki , Yasuda Yutaka , Nakamura Nobuhisa , Ota Kimiko , Tosaki Takahiro , Matsuki Takashi , Nakashima Eitaro , Hamada Yoji , Oiso Yutaka , Nakamura Jiro 
Published: August 2008

OBJECTIVE—Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been reported to secrete various cytokines that exhibit angiogenic and neurosupportive effects. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of MSC transplantation on diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN) in rats.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—MSCs were isolated from bone marrow of adult rats and transplanted into hind limb skeletal muscles of rats with an 8-week duration of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes or age-matched normal rats by unilateral intramuscular injection. Four weeks after transplantation, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) productions in transplanted sites, current perception threshold, nerve conduction velocity (NCV), sciatic nerve blood flow (SNBF), capillary number–to–muscle fiber ratio in soleus muscles, and sural nerve morphometry were evaluated.RESULTS—VEGF and bFGF mRNA expression were significantly increased in MSC-injected thigh muscles of STZ-induced diabetic rats. Furthermore, colocalization of MSCs with VEGF and bFGF in the transplanted sites was confirmed. STZ-induced diabetic rats showed hypoalgesia, delayed NCV, decreased SNBF, and decreased capillary number–to–muscle fiber ratio in soleus muscles, which were all ameliorated by MSC transplantation. Sural nerve morphometry showed decreased axonal circularity in STZ-induced diabetic rats, which was normalized by MSC transplantation.CONCLUSIONS—These results suggest that MSC transplantation could have therapeutic effects on DPN through paracrine actions of growth factors secreted by MSCs.
Decreased Cardiac Glutathione Peroxidase Levels and Enhanced Mandibular Apoptosis in Malformed Embryos of Diabetic Rats
Authors: Wentzel Parri , Gäreskog Mattias , Eriksson Ulf J. 
Published: August 2008

OBJECTIVE— To characterize normal and malformed embryos within the same litters from control and diabetic rats for expression of genes related to metabolism of reactive oxygen species (ROS) or glucose as well as developmental genes.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS— Embryos from nondiabetic and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were collected on gestational day 11 and evaluated for gene expression (PCR) and distribution of activated caspase-3 and glutathione peroxidase (Gpx)-1 by immunohistochemistry.
RESULTS— Maternal diabetes (MD group) caused growth retardation and an increased malformation rate in the embryos of MD group rats compared with those of controls (N group). We found decreased gene expression of Gpx-1 and increased expression of vascular endothelial growth factor-A (Vegf-A) in malformed embryos of diabetic rats (MDm group) compared with nonmalformed littermates (MDn group). Alterations of messenger RNA levels of other genes were similar in MDm and MDn embryos. Thus, expression of copper zinc superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD), manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), and sonic hedgehog homolog (Shh) were decreased, and bone morphogenetic protein-4 (Bmp-4) was increased, in the MD embryos compared with the N embryos. In MDm embryos, we detected increased activated caspase-3 immunostaining in the first visceral arch and cardiac area and decreased Gpx-1 immunostaining in the cardiac tissue; both findings differed from the caspase/Gpx-1 immunostaining of the MDn and N embryos.
CONCLUSIONS— Maternal diabetes causes growth retardation, congenital malformations, and decreased general antioxidative gene expression in the embryo. In particular, enhanced apoptosis of the first visceral arch and heart, together with decreased cardiac Gpx-1 levels, may compromise the mandible and heart and thus cause an increased risk of developing congenital malformation.
β-Cell Proliferation, but Not Neogenesis, Following 60% Partial Pancreatectomy Is Impaired in the Absence of FoxM1
Authors: Ackermann Misfeldt Amanda , Costa Robert H. , Gannon Maureen 
Published: August 2008

OBJECTIVE—This study was designed to determine whether the transcription factor FoxM1 was required for regeneration of β-cell mass via proliferation and/or neogenesis in the adult after 60% partial pancreatectomy (PPx).
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Adult mice with a pancreas-wide deletion of Foxm1 (Foxm1flox/flox;Pdx1-Cre [FoxM1Δpanc]) and their control littermates (Foxm1flox/flox) were subjected to PPx or a sham operation, after which islet expression of Foxm1 and several target genes, β-cell mass, proliferation, β-cell size, islet size, islet density, and neurogenin-3 expression were analyzed.
RESULTS—In control mice, PPx stimulated β-cell proliferation and neogenesis and upregulated Foxm1 and several of its known targets (Plk1, Cenp-a, Birc5/Survivin, and Ccnb1) in islets. Within 1 week post-PPx, control mice underwent significant regeneration of β-cell mass, and average islet size within the regenerating lobe was similar to that after a sham operation. However, FoxM1Δpanc mice exhibited specific impairments in β-cell mass regeneration and islet growth after PPx, with reduced proliferation of α- and β-cells but no impairments in acinar or ductal cell proliferation. Interestingly, FoxM1 was not required for proliferation of β-cells within small endocrine cell clusters located in the regenerating portion of the pancreas but was specifically required for proliferation of β-cells within larger islets. Additionally, FoxM1 was not required for β-cell neogenesis following PPx.
CONCLUSIONS—Our results indicate that FoxM1 is partially required for increased β-cell proliferation, but not β-cell neogenesis, stimulated by PPx. Furthermore, FoxM1 seems to be dispensable for proliferation of β-cells following neogenesis but is required for proliferation of preexisting β-cells.
Diabetes-Related Symptom Distress in Association With Glucose Metabolism and Comorbidity
Authors: Adriaanse Marcel C. , Pouwer Frans , Dekker Jacqueline M. , Nijpels Giel , Stehouwer Coen D. , Heine Robert J. , Snoek Frank J. 
Published: August 2008

OBJECTIVE—The purpose of this study was to determine the associations between diabetes-related symptom distress, glucose metabolism status, and comorbidities of type 2 diabetes.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—This was a cross-sectional sample of 281 individuals with normal glucose metabolism (NGM), 181 individuals with impaired glucose metabolism (IGM), and 107 subjects with type 2 diabetes. We used the revised type 2 Diabetes Symptom Checklist (DSC-R) to assess diabetes-related symptom distress.
RESULTS—The total symptom distress score (range 0–100) was relatively low for diabetic subjects (mean ± SD 8.4 ± 9.4), although it was significantly different from that for subjects with IGM (6.5 ± 7.1) and NGM (6.1 ± 7.9) (F = 3.1, 2 d.f., P = 0.046). Ischemic heart disease was associated with elevated DSC-R scores on three subscales, whereas depression showed higher symptom distress levels across all DSC-R domains.
CONCLUSIONS—Worsening glucose metabolism is associated with increasing diabetes-related symptom distress. This relationship is attenuated by ischemic heart disease and particularly by depression.
Screening Uptake in a Well-Established Diabetic Retinopathy Screening Program
Authors: Leese Graham P. , Boyle Paul , Feng Zhiqiang , Emslie-Smith Alistair , Ellis John D. 
Published: August 2008

OBJECTIVE—To identify criteria that affect uptake of diabetes retinal screening in a community screening program using mobile retinal digital photography units.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Data from the regional diabetes population-based retinal screening program and regional ophthalmology laser database were linked to patient postal code (zip code) data. We used distance from retinal screening event, social deprivation scores, and demographic information to identify risk factors for nonattendance at a diabetes retinal screening event. Patients were subdivided into urban (&gt;125,000 population), other urban (3,000–125,000 population), or rural (&lt;3,000 population) depending on where they lived. Data were collected from 2004 to 2006 inclusive and included 15,150 patients and 32,621 eye screening records.RESULTS—The mean ± SD age of patients was 63 ± 15 years, and 54% were male. Mean travel time to retinal screening event varied from 7.1 to 17.0 min. For 12% of missed appointments, patients were more likely to be younger, to have longer diabetes duration, to have poor A1C and blood pressure control, to be smokers, and to live in deprived areas. Poor attendance was not associated with sex or distance to retinal screening event.CONCLUSIONS—Social deprivation is strongly associated with poor attendance at retinal screening events. Time traveled to screening event was not associated with attendance in this study of a mobile retinal screening service, which visited general practitioner surgeries. This data can help inform population-based diabetes retinal screening programs about improving patient uptake.
Screening for Coronary Artery Disease in Patients With Diabetes
Authors: Roelker Eve 
Published: August 2008

In Brief
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with diabetes. Consequently, proper screening and diagnosis of CAD is crucial for the prevention and early treatment of coronary events. This review explains the variety of diagnostic exams available for the identification of CAD in patients with diabetes and will assist health care providers in determining the appropriate diagnostic tool for each patient.
Best Practices for Lowering the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in Diabetes
Authors: Triplitt Curtis , Alvarez Carlos A. 
Published: August 2008

In BriefCardiovascular disease (CVD) is a common complication of diabetes; nearly 80% of all people with diabetes will die from macrovascular complications. Dyslipidemia, hypertension, hypercoagulability, poor glycemic control,smoking, obesity, and lack of physical activity are just some of the multiple risk factors responsible for the increased risk of CVD in diabetes. A multi-pronged approach to address these risk factors is imperative. Although nonpharmacological therapy is the cornerstone of treatment, some pharmacological treatments are almost always warranted. These may include statins for dyslipidemia and their pleiotropic effects, tight blood pressure control (especially with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers), antiplatelet therapy, and appropriately tight glycemic control based on comorbidities. Evidence has shown that this approach can reduce the risk of CVD in diabetes but that these strategies continue to be underutilized.
A Study Assessing an Injection Port for Administration of Insulin
Authors: Blevins Thomas , Schwartz Sherwyn L. , Bode Bruce , Aronoff Stephen , Baker Claire , Kimball Kay T. , Harrist Ronald B. , Donnelly Chris , Burns Lauren C. , Wooldridge Anna M. 
Published: August 2008

Objective. To compare an injection port (I-Port), a disposable device through which multiple doses of insulin may be injected, to standard multiple dose insulin administration.
Design. Prospective, randomized crossover study.
Methods. Seventy-four patients with diabetes being treated with daily injections of insulin were recruited at five clinical sites. The patients were randomly assigned to two of three treatment regimens: 1) standard injection (SI), 2) a single I-Portdevice, or 3) two separate I-Port devices (Dual I-Port) with each treatment regimen lasting for 3 weeks. Participants in the single I-Port regimen injected both regular human or rapid-acting insulin and insulin glargine through the same device,whereas participants in the Dual I-Port regimen injected each type of insulin through two separate devices. Participants were evaluated by measurements of glycosylated albumin and study questionnaires.
Results. Participants' glycosylated albumin was not significantly different between SI, single I-Port, and Dual I-Porttreatment regimens (P = 0.99 for SI vs. single I-Port and P = 0.97 for single I-Port vs. Dual I-Port). Fifty of 72 participants (69.4%) reported that the I-Port was useful and helpful in the management of their diabetes.
Conclusions. This study supports the utility and efficacy of administering multiple doses of insulin through a single I-Portdevice and concludes that the I-Port is a viable alternative to SI.
Maximum principle and existence of solutions for non necessarily cooperative systems involving Schrödinger operators
Authors: Serag H. , Qamlo A. 
Published: August 2008

Abstract
In this paper, we obtain the necessary and sufficient conditions for having the maximum principle and existence of positive solutions for some cooperative systems involving Schrödinger operators defined on unbounded domains. Then, we deduce the existence of solutions for semi-linear systems. Finally we discuss the generalized maximum principle (gf
q-positivity) for non cooperative systems.
I and I*-convergence of double sequences
Authors: Das Pratulananda , Kostyrko Pavel , Wilczyński Władysław , Malik Prasanta 
Published: August 2008

Abstract
The idea of I-convergence was introduced by Kostyrko et al (2001) and also independently by Nuray and Ruckle (2000) (who called it generalized statistical convergence) as a generalization of statistical convergence (Fast (1951), Schoenberg(1959)). For the last few years, study of these convergences of sequences has become one of the most active areas of research in classical Analysis. In 2003 Muresaleen and Edely introduced the concept of statistical convergence of double sequences. In this paper we consider the notions of I and I*-convergence of double sequences in real line as well as in general metric spaces. We primarily study the inter-relationship between these two types of convergence and then investigate the category and porosity position of bounded I and I*-convergent double sequences.
Approximation of multivariate distribution functions
Authors: Pihlak Margus 
Published: August 2008

Abstract
In the paper the unknown distribution function is approximated with a known distribution function by means of Taylor expansion. For this approximation a new matrix operation — matrix integral — is introduced and studied in [PIHLAK, M.: Matrix integral, Linear Algebra Appl. 388 (2004), 315–325]. The approximation is applied in the bivariate case when the unknown distribution function is approximated with normal distribution function. An example on simulated data is also given.
Toward a more informative psychological science of eyewitness evidence
Authors: Turtle John , Read J. Don , Lindsay D. Stephen , Brimacombe C. A. Elizabeth 
Published: August 2008

AbstractLike Hugo Münsterberg, we believe that psychological science can inform the courts and police regarding eyewitness evidence. But 100 years into the enterprise, the body of knowledge acquired to date demands considerable circumspection, both in the claims expert psychological witnesses make in court and in the recommendations psychologists tender to investigating officers. There are a number of points regarding eyewitness evidence that psychologists can offer with considerable confidence, but many matters are as yet open to debate (and some issues are likely to remain unsettled for a long time). We encourage researchers, law enforcement and the legal community to (a) identify and prioritize the problems to be solved, (b) focus on a more integrative empirical approach, including more of the field experiments currently in use, as well as new descriptive research, especially on base rates and (c) use basic psychological theory and principles to consolidate the wide range of phenomena present in individual cases. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Study space analysis for policy development
Authors: Malpass Roy S. , Tredoux Colin G. , Compo Nadja Schreiber , McQuiston‐Surrett Dawn , MacLin Otto H. , Zimmerman Laura A. , Topp Lisa D. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractTransforming research findings into policy recommendations requires evaluative criteria beyond traditional academic review. Policy development involves entire literatures, and criteria for examining adequacy of the underlying research as a policy base are needed. At the level of the studies many are obvious: high quality studies, well reported and replicable, consensus on their validity, and ecological validity for application. At the research literature level the distribution of important variables in the literature is important. We discuss policy adequacy criteria and present the Study Space concept for evaluating breadth of coverage and gaps in our knowledge in policy research domains. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The importance (necessity) of computational modelling for eyewitness identification research
Authors: Clark Steven E. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractPsychological science has a long tradition of formal modelling; however, the use of such models has begun to emerge only recently for eyewitness identification. Development and application of memory and decision models is critical to the advancement of eyewitness identification research. Formal modelling techniques are important not only to the advancement of the science but also to applications of the science through expert testimony and policy recommendations. Three examples of the interaction between model and eyewitness identification experimental research are discussed. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Developments and Perspectives of Iron‐based High‐Temperature Superconductors
Authors: Wen Hai‐Hu 
Published: August 2008

AbstractSince the first report on superconductivity at 26 K in F‐doped LaOFeAs at the end of February 2008, the superconducting transition temperature has been quickly raised to about 55 K and many new superconductors have been found, and superconductors with a higher condensing temperature are expected in this system. In this brief Research News article, the author will relate the enormous interest that has been generated towards new superconductor exploration, the refinement and tailoring of the single phase of the available superconductors, the growth of single crystals, and the theoretical and experimental efforts toward targeting the mechanism. Finally, a preliminary comparison between the iron‐based system and the cuprates is given, as well as perspectives on these new iron‐based superconductors.
Graft copolymerization of acrylonitrile onto allylated caesarweed fibres by ceric ion in the presence of 2‐mercaptoethanol
Authors: Eromosele C. O. , Afolabi Q. O. , Eromosele I. C. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractPolyacrylonitrile was grafted onto caesarweed fibers and on the allyldervative in aqueous media by ceric ion‐2‐mercaptoethanol redox pair. The allylfibre was obtained by treatment of caesarweed fibers with sodium hydroxide followed by allylchloride in diisoproylether to yield an average degree of substitution of 3.24 allyl moieties per anhydroglucose unit (AGU). The graft yield dependence on 2‐mercaptoethanol concentration, in the range, 10.7–64.0 × 10−4M was characterized by a minimum followed by an enhanced yield. This suggested the existence of two initiating species, a thioglycol radical and mercaptoethoxyl radical. A fivefold increase in the concentration of 2‐mercaptoethanol was accompanied by reduction in the frequency of graft, Fg from 75.6–0.79 Ng/104 AGU and a concomitant increase, by two orders of magnitude, in the average molecular weight of grafted polymer Mv, with values of up to 11.78 × 105. Infrared spectroscopy of allylfibre‐g‐polyacrylonitrile copolymer showed evidence of radical coupling reaction involving thioglycol radical species and allylic macroradicals of the allylfibre. The unmodified fiber was more reactive than the allylfibre by as much as a factor of 2, and was ascribed to resonance stabilization of allylic macro radicals derived from the latter. For the allyl fiber, a 150% increase in monomer concentration resulted in nominal increase in graft yield, not higher than 7%. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Broader, Greener, and More Efficient: Recent Advances in Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation
Authors: Wang Chao , Wu Xiaofeng , Xiao Jianliang 
Published: August 2008

AbstractAsymmetric transfer hydrogenation has become a practically useful tool in reduction chemistry in the last decade or so. This was largely triggered by the seminal work of Noyori and co‐workers in the mid‐1990s and is driven by its complementing chemistry to hydrogenation employing H2. This Focus Review attempts to present a “holistic” overview on the advances in the area, focusing on the achievements recorded around the last three years. These include more‐efficient and “greener” metal catalysts, catalysts that enable hydrogenation as well as transfer hydrogenation, biomimetic and organocatalysts, and their applications in the reduction of CO, CN, and CC bonds. Also highlighted are efforts in the development of environmentally benign and reusable catalytic systems.
A Precoordination Complex of 1,2,3‐Trimethyl‐1,3,5‐triazacyclohexane with tert‐Butyllithium as Key Intermediate in Its Methylene Group Deprotonation
Authors: Strohmann Carsten , Gessner Viktoria H. 
Published: August 2008

Abstractα‐Lithiated tertiary methylamines are important building blocks in all fields of chemistry, such as for the synthesis of new ligand or catalyst systems. However, the access to these compounds is still limited and the reaction mechanism, in general, not fully understood. We present herein X‐ray diffraction analyses of organolithium compounds with 1,2,3‐trimethyl‐1,3,5‐triazacyclohexane (1), such as a precoordination adduct of tert‐butyllithium, [(tBuLi)3⋅C6H15N3], which represents a potential intermediate of the lithiation of the methylene group of this ligand. By means of molecular structures and computational studies, the regioselectivity of this deprotonation reaction can be understood. Furthermore, the tBuLi adduct gives a hint to an alternative deaggregation process of organolithium compounds.
Synthesis and Characterization of a Long, Rigid Photoswitchable Cross‐Linker for Promoting Peptide and Protein Conformational Change
Authors: Zhang Fuzhong , Sadovski Oleg , Woolley G. Andrew 
Published: August 2008

AbstractAzobenzene‐based photoswitchable compounds can be use to photocontrol a variety of biochemical systems. In some cases, their effectiveness may be limited by the size of the conformational change that the switch undergoes. To produce an azobenzene photoswitch that undergoes a large end‐to‐end distance change upon isomerization, we synthesized 3,3′‐diazene‐1,2‐diylbis{6‐[2‐sulfonato‐4‐(chloroacetylamino)phenylethynyl]benzene sulfonic acid} (DDPBA). This long, rigid, water‐soluble, thiol‐reactive cross‐linker undergoes an end‐to‐end distance change of ∼13 Å upon isomerization. DDPBA was successfully cross‐linked to peptides through cysteine side chains. The photoswitch undergoes trans‐to‐cis photoisomerization maximally when irradiated at 400 nm, although the efficiency of production of the cis isomer is lower than for simpler azobenzenes. Under steady‐state illumination conditions, the percentage of cis form produced increases as temperature increases; ∼56 % cis is obtained at 60 °C. Thermal relaxation occurs with a half‐life of approximately 75 min at room temperature. When DDPBA was attached to an α‐helical peptide with two cysteine residues at i and i+14 positions, an increase in helix content was observed after photoirradiation. When cross‐linked to another peptide with two cysteine residues spaced at i and i+21 positions, a decrease in helix content after trans‐to‐cis isomerization was observed. Due to the small percentage of cis form produced under the experimental conditions, the CD signal changes were small. However, the large structural change upon photoisomerization provided by this cross‐linker can potentially be used to photoswitch other biochemical systems.