bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of acid and ionic strength on the kinetics of electron transfer reaction of n-(2-hydroxy-ethyl) ethylenediamine-n, nâ€™, nâ€™-triacetatocobaltate (ii) complex with hypochlorite ion in aqueous acidic medium
Authors: Ahmed Y. , D.Onu A. , O.Idris S. , S.Iliyasu S. , B.Abiti Y. 
Published: March 2024

The influence of acid and ionic strength on the rate of electron transfer reaction of N-(2-hydroxy-ethyl)ethylenediamine-N,Nâ€™,Nâ€™-triacetatocobaltate(II)(hereafter, complex with Hypochlorite ion in aqueous nitric acid medium have been studied at I = 0.2 mol dm-3(NaNO3), [H+] = 1 Ã— 10-2 mol dm-3, , T = 300 Â± 1 K and Î»max = 525 nm. Stoichiometric study showed 1:1 `mole ratio. The rate law derived from the kinetic study under pseudo first order condition is . The rate constant of reaction, Â varies inversely with acid concentration, [H+]. The overall rate law is therefore represented as: . The reaction displayed positive salt effect which suggests the activated complex was made up of similar charged species. The reaction was catalysed by addition of formate, HCOO- and potassium, K+ ions and the Michaelis-Mentenâ€™s plot gave zero intercept indicating the absence of intermediate complex. A reaction mechanism via an outer-sphere pathway is proposed for this reaction.Â Â
Evaluation of retardant property of green hair growth retardant formula
Authors: Ogboji Joel 
Published: March 2024

Background: The relevance of depilatory creams has appreciated significantly in recent time and their demand is on the increase. However most commercial depilatory creams contain chemicals with questionable health safety. These synthetic chemicals cause scaring, itching and burns on the skin.Objectives: The study attempted to formulate green hair growth retarding cream, testing the formula for phytochemicals, hair growth retarding property and toxicity.Methods: the cream was formulated from extracts of Tumeric (Curcuma longa), Aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis miller), Guava (Psidium guajava) and Neem (Azadirachta indica), evaluated for its phytochemical constituents and tested for its hair growth retardant property and toxicity on mice.Results: The results show the presence of phytochemicals like tannins, phenols, flavonoids, terpeniods, alkaloids, volatile oil, anthroquinone, glycosides, saponins and a 25% hair growth retarding efficiency on tested mouse, no signs of itching, redness, swelling and topical injuries on the mouse.Conclusion: overall, the research therefore provide convincing evidence of the safety of the formula over the conventional ones and also exhibit satisfactory hair regrowth retarding property.Â Â
Comparison studies for the removal of a basic dye from aqueous solution using coffee residues and waste tea
Authors: Benhachem Fatima-Zahra , Attar Tarik 
Published: March 2024

Dyes are one of the most important industrial pollutants, especially in textile industries. The coffee residues and wastes tea are food industrial solid wastes, were used as low-cost adsorbents for the removal of methylene blue (MB) dye from aqueous solution. Many methods have been proposed in order to remove color from wastewater among which, adsorption is more acceptable due to the ability for its use in the large scale. The influence of various experimental factors such as contact time, adsorbent dosage, temperature and pH of dye solution was investigated. Two simplified kinetic models including pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order equation were selected to follow the adsorption processes. It was observed that chemisorptions pseudo-second order kinetic model described the sorption process with high coefficients of determination (R2) better than pseudo-first order kinetic model. Thermodynamic parameters such as Î”GÂ°, Î”HÂ°, and Î”SÂ° were calculated the results of this parameteres indicated that the adsorption of methylene blue onto residues coffee and waste tea were spontaneous process.Â Â
Note on quasivarieties generated by finite pointed abelian groups
Authors: Basheyeva Ainur , Lutsak Svetlana 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
We prove that a finite pointed abelian group generates a finitely axiomatizable variety that has a finite quasivariety lattice. As a consequence, we obtain that a quasivariety generated by a finite pointed abelian group has a finite basis of quasi-identities. The problems arising from the results obtained are also discussed.
Penalizing Shirking in Discovering Unsuitability
Authors: Xue Ying , Jiang Xu 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
We study the optimal penalty scheme for an expert firm and a layman client against shirking in their costly interaction that helps the firm discover the unsuitable transaction, i.e. one that yields a loss for the client. The market solution to the bilateral hidden action problem fails to incentivize sufficient effort and leads to an inefficient outcome, which creates scope for government action. By contrast, private contracts obtain efficiency in an alternative framework with just the firm’s unilateral effort, highlighting the role of the client’s effort in rationalizing legal intervention. Under the unique first-best policy, the firm not only refunds the client but also pays the client’s loss to the government if the firm fails to stop a transaction that ends up being unsuitable. The client receives the refund but submits the firm’s production cost to the government. The optimal punitive penalty is their total contingent loss and is robust to private contracts. The optimal penalty generalizes to a multi-agent team by making each agent internalize all others’ contingent losses.
On the Role of Courts in Climate Policy: Comment on Lando
Authors: Hylton Keith N. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis is a response to Henrik Lando’s article on courts and climate policies. Lando’s argument can be summarized in two propositions. The first is that EU courts have adopted a suboptimal legal standard for evaluating climate policies. Lando’s second proposition is that courts are not a good forum for the evaluation of climate policies because of the need to focus on the narrow interests of the litigants before the courts. I agree with Lando’s first proposition, but I disagree somewhat with his second proposition. It is pitched too broadly in my view.
Combined Effects of Static and Dynamic Stretching on the Muscle-Tendon Unit Stiffness and Strength of the Hamstrings
Authors: Takeuchi Kosuke , Nakamura Masatoshi , Matsuo Shingo , Samukawa Mina , Yamaguchi Taichi , Mizuno Takamasa 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Takeuchi, K, Nakamura, M, Matsuo, S, Samukawa, M, Yamaguchi, T, and Mizuno, T. Combined effects of static and dynamic stretching on the muscle-tendon unit stiffness and strength of the hamstrings. J Strength Cond Res 38(4): 681–686, 2024—Combined static and dynamic stretching for 30 seconds is frequently used as a part of a warm-up program. However, a stretching method that can both decrease muscle-tendon unit (MTU) stiffness and increase muscle strength has not been developed. The purpose of this study was to examine the combined effects of 30 seconds of static stretching at different intensities (normal-intensity static stretching [NS] and high-intensity static [HS]) and dynamic stretching at different speeds (low-speed dynamic [LD] and high-speed dynamic stretching [HD]) on the MTU stiffness and muscle strength of the hamstrings. Thirteen healthy subjects (9 men and 4 women, 20.9 ± 0.8 years, 169.3 ± 7.2 cm, 61.1 ± 8.2 kg) performed 4 types of interventions (HS-HD, HS-LD, NS-HD, and NS-LD). Range of motion (ROM), passive torque, MTU stiffness, and muscle strength were measured before and immediately after interventions by using an isokinetic dynamometer machine. In all interventions, the ROM and passive torque significantly increased (p < 0.01). Muscle-tendon unit stiffness significantly decreased in HS-HD and HS-LD (both p < 0.01), but there was no significant change in NS-HD (p = 0.30) or NS-LD (p = 0.42). Muscle strength significantly increased after HS-HD (p = 0.02) and NS-LD (p = 0.03), but there was no significant change in HS-LD (p = 0.23) or NS-LD (p = 0.26). The results indicated that using a combination of 30 seconds of high-intensity static stretching and high-speed dynamic stretching can be beneficial for the MTU stiffness and muscle strength of the hamstrings.
Concept Mastery and Mathematical Problem Solving Ability of High School Students in Uniform Motion in a Straight Line Materials (GLBB)
Authors: Dua Riong Maria Bernadetha , Ahmadi Farid , Supriyadi Supriyadi 
Published: March 2024

This study aims to describe the pattern of the relationship between students concept mastery and mathematical problem-solving ability in GLBB material. This is qualitative associative/constructive research. This investigation was conducted with grade X MIA2 students at SMAN 1 Nita. This study's instrument included a test of concept mastery and mathematical problem-solving ability, documentation of student answer sheets, and unstructured interviews. The technique for data analysis consisted of five stages: data collection, description of raw data, data reduction, data categorization, and construction of category relationships. The findings revealed a reciprocal relationship between concept mastery and mathematical problem-solving ability. In addressing physics problems, mastery of concepts and mathematical problem-solving ability play mutually reinforcing roles. The level of concept mastery of students increases with their problem-solving abilities, and vice versa: the higher the level of conceptual mastery, the greater the mathematical problem-solving abilities. The results showed that there was a semantic congruence between issue solving using the Polya step indicator and problem solving at the levels of analyzing (C4), evaluating (C5), and creating (C6).
Keywords : GLBB, Concept Mastery, Mathematical Problem Solving Ability
An Exploratory Study to Investigate the Implementation of Feynman Learning Method in a Physics Classroom Setting
Authors: Wea Kristiana Nathalia , Dua Yohanes Sudarmo , Elizabeth Agustina 
Published: March 2024

In order to explore alternative methods to learn physics effectively, this research was inspired by a fundamental question: how did famous physicists use to learn and/or teach physics? Are there any recipies suggested by these physicists which are still relevant and can be imitated and applied to physics learning in a today classroom? This research aims at exploring the impact of the implementation of Feynman learning method on students’ physics concepts understanding and describing their spontaneous responses about the implementation of this learning method afterwards. This research was an exploratory research conducted at one grade X science class of St. Gabriel Catholic Senior High School in Maumere city, Flores. Data regarding students’ understanding were collected through pre and post test questionnairres and their spontaneous responses were obtained through unstructured interview. The results of N-gain pretest and post test score was 0.49. Apart from few non-positive responses, students’ responses indicated that the method can encourage them to actively participate in the learning process, improve their communication skill, and train their abilities to explain things in simple ways. The results suggest that there was an improvement in students’ physics concepts understanding with a medium N-gain score and that this learning method is positively appreciated by the participants.
Protein for Scraps: A Study of the European Union “Circular” Raw Materials Trade
Authors: Llorente-González Leandro J. 
Published: March 2024

Translator

The shift from the current extractive linear production and consumption system to a circular economy (CE) has been heralded as a way to reduce the negative environmental and social impacts of human economic activity. The European Union (EU) has committed to leading the way to a worldwide CE, with the development of an international market of recyclable raw materials (RRM) as one of the main pillars of its strategy. However, there is extensive evidence regarding the unequal distribution of the economic benefits and environmental damages related to international trade. Therefore, the objective of a global fair transition to a CE may be undermined if the related markets continue to reproduce the prevailing patterns of ecologically unequal exchange. In order to test whether or not this is the case, this research studies the physical trade balance and the terms of trade on the recent RRM trade flows from, to and between the EU27 member states.
Las ciencias sociales: de la explicación a la comprensión ensayo
Authors: Páez Elsa Ruth Rodríguez 
Published: March 2024

Hablar de ciencias sociales y del papel de la epistemología en su constitución como ciencias, nos ubica en el ejercicio primario de identificar cuál ha sido el escenario histórico a partir del cual se ha forjado la pregunta por la realidad social y lo psicológico como objeto peculiar de la ciencia. De igual forma nos traslada frente a la pregunta por los métodos de aproximación a ésta realidad así como la concepción de ciencia en Occidente y la hegemonía, parece que aún más vigente que nunca, del modelo galileano y positivista, frente al cual se debate la fundamentación científica por la construcción de la epistemología propia de las ciencias sociales que propone un modelo teleológico o hermenéutico para hacer ciencia.
On solving the plastoelastic problen in space of the commutative matrixes
Authors: Kleiza Vytautas 
Published: March 2024

A method for calculating mechanical parameters of multilayer structural elements (MSE) and their layers in elastic and plastoelastic zones are presented and grounded in the case of axial stret­ching. The method of diagonal matrices is proposed to define the parameters of MSE's and their layers. In the elastic zone, MCE's are completely defined by two matrices: that of the modulus of elasticity and layer cross-section areas. In the plastoelastic zone, by the matrix of the layer cross­section areas and a diagonal matrix-function that defines σ - ε diagrams of the layers. In the case of stretching, the above mentioned matrices make up a commutative group with respect to product operation which makes it possible to obtain compact expressions for the required parameters that do not depend on the number of layers and are analogous to scalar ones (a single-layer case). This kind of calculation methods enables us to compute the values of axial stiffness and normal stress as well as the quantity of limiting axial load or the zones areas of elastic and plastoelastic deformation, when the diagrams σ - ε of deformation materials composing it correspond to that diagram that of plastoelastic and elastically-strengthening materials.
Breaking through the doors of perception, consciousness, and existence: to what extent does psychedelic phenomenology ontologically depend on external factors?
Authors: Fradkin Denis 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAs reliable facilitators of characteristically unique altered states of consciousness that are notoriously difficult to comprehend, psychedelics naturally attract a multidisciplinary scope for their research, with direct relevance to neuroscience, pharmacology, psychology, as well as philosophy of mind, metaphysics, and epistemology — disciplines united by the common inquiry into the nature of conscious experience. Accordingly, the central focus of this paper concerns the metaphysical debate between internalism and externalism about whether psychedelic phenomenology — in particular, its ‘breakthrough’ level — could be said to directly ontologically depend on external factors, as well as the interpretive implications arising from each of those positions. The main contributions of the author of this paper include the provision of a coherent account of the essential phenomenal characteristics of psychedelic experiences, the integration of relatively fragmented philosophical debates on psychedelic phenomenology into the traditional internalist-externalist framework in metaphysics, as well as the exploration of the extent to which the externalist position on psychedelic phenomenology — traditionally associated with non-naturalism — is compatible with naturalistic explanatory frameworks. In Part 1, psychedelic phenomenology will be outlined first, after which the central inquiries of this paper will be contextualised and qualified. In Part 2, the internalist position on psychedelic phenomenology — both its strong and weak versions — will be discussed. In Part 3, the externalist position will be explored, which will be followed by a final evalutation between the three positions presented in this paper. The paper will conclude in favour of the weak internalist position, and that whilst the externalist position remains significantly more speculative than both the strong and the weak internalist positions, the externalist position cannot be rejected altogether until further progress in consciousness research is made.
Смертность и рождаемость в XIX веке на территории Европейской части Российской Империи в границах Российской Федерации 1926 года
Authors: Андреев Евгений Михайлович 
Published: March 2024

Цель исследования – воспользовавшись методами, разработанными экспертами ООН для стран с неполной и недостоверной демографической статистикой, оценить смертность и рождаемость в России в XIX веке.
Надежные и доступные данные, характеризующие возрастной состав населения и возрастную смертность в конце XIX века и динамику рождений и смертей на его протяжении, относятся к Европейской части Российской Федерации в границах 1926 г. Именно эта территория стала объектом исследования.
Ожидаемая продолжительность жизни на изучаемой территории в середине XIX века лежала в интервале 26-28 лет, коэффициент суммарной рождаемости составлял 6,3, а среднее число живых детей у женщины не превосходило 3.
Распространенность потребления табачной и никотинсодержащей продукции в Российской Федерации: анализ тенденций в 2019-2022 гг.
Authors: Стадник Николай Михайлович , Никитина Светлана Юрьевна , Сахарова Галина Михайловна , Антонов Николай Сергеевич , Салагай Олег Олегович 
Published: March 2024

В данном исследовании предлагается подход к оценке динамики распространенности потребления табачной и никотинсодержащей продукции в России в разрезе возраста, пола и регионов страны. Источником данных служат базы микроданных Выборочного наблюдения состояния здоровья населения Росстата, проведенного в 2019-2022 гг. Оценка динамики показателей распространенности потребления табачной и никотинсодержащей продукции основана на анализе трендов, полученных с помощью линейной аппроксимации временных рядов данных во всех необходимых разрезах. Направление и темпы (интенсивность) трендов оценивали по коэффициентам построенных линейных моделей, а их статистическую значимость – по значению коэффициента детерминации.
В целом по стране 2019-2022 гг. можно охарактеризовать как период сокращения доли населения, потребляющего табачные и/или никотинсодержащие изделия. При этом имели место две противоположных по направлению тенденции: снижение распространенности потребления курительного табака и рост распространенности потребления электронных сигарет. Причем если первое наблюдалось преимущественно среди мужчин, то рост распространенности потребления электронных сигарет был сопоставимым среди обоих полов.
В ряде регионов, а также некоторых группах населения рост доли лиц, использующих электронные сигареты, оказался по интенсивности выше, чем снижение распространенности курительного табака, из-за чего распространенность потребления табака/никотина в этих группах населения и регионах в целом росла.
Проведенное исследование позволило выявить регионы страны с неблагоприятной динамикой распространенности потребления табачной и никотинсодержащей продукции, в которых необходима разработка и внедрение дополнительных мер по снижению распространенности потребления табака/никотина, в том числе направленных на конкретные группы населения.
ROS OS Based Environment Mapping of Cyber Physical System Lab by Depth Sensor
Authors: Chauhan Rohit Singh , Erdei Timotei István , Husi Géza 
Published: March 2024

The 21st century is a century of Robotics and thus the appearance of robots in the industries made the “Industrial Revolution 4.0” in which we can control and analyse the system using HMI’s or wirelessly over network and it’s a great example of industry 4.0 component. Nowadays robots are very important part of industry’s processing unit as they have the tendency to work 24*7 thus increases the efficiency of processing and production unit.
In our project a depth sensor (Microsoft’s Xbox Kinect) is mounted on a mobile robot whose main task is to map our Cyber Physical System Lab in 3-Dimensional which uses a ROS OS software installed on linux machine.
The robot will use a Simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) process to map an environment while currently generating an estimate for the location of the Robot.
Hybrid Empirical Ground-Motion Models for the Island of Hawaii Based on an Updated Strong Ground-Motion Database
Authors: Pezeshk Shahram , Davatgari-Tafreshi Mehran , Haji-Soltani Alireza 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
In this study, we develop ground-motion models (GMMs) for the Island of Hawaii. This area has been the site of several significant earthquake events with a growing database of strong ground-motion observations. Ground-motion modeling on the Island of Hawaii is challenging due to different anelastic attenuation characteristics, the volcanic origin of some of the events, and event depth distribution. Only a few GMMs have been developed for the Island of Hawaii. In this study, we apply a hybrid empirical method (HEM) to develop two separate GMMs for shallow (hypocentral depth ≤ 20 km) and deep (hypocentral depth &gt; 20 km) earthquakes on the Island of Hawaii. We utilize the ratio of the stochastic point-source model in the target and host regions as an appropriate adjustment factor. We apply these adjustment factors to convert the GMMs from the host (western North America) to the target (Island of Hawaii) region. We considered five GMMs proposed in the Next Generation Attenuation Phase 2 project by the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center to model ground motions in the host region. We developed GMMs to predict peak ground acceleration and 5%-damped pseudospectral acceleration at periods T = 0.01–10 s, for moment magnitudes (M) in the range of 3–7.5, and for Joyner–Boore distances in the RJB≤200  km range. The applicability of HEM to develop GMMs for the Island of Hawaii and the growing strong ground-motion data result in further improvements in the capability of GMMs.
Pelanggaran Etika Pariwara Indonesia dalam Iklan Marina Hand Body Lotion
Authors: Akmal Hanif Fadlurrahman , Ersadewa Deny Trisnanto , Rahmawati Devi 
Published: March 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengindentifikasi pelanggaran etika dalam iklan “Marina Hand Body Lotion di Youtube” dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pelanggaran dalam penggunaan kata superlatif dan majas hiperbola, khususnya dalam pernyataan “Nomor 1”, “Lebih Efektif”, dan scene pada iklan di Youtube menampilkan kulit dari model yang tadinya gelap menjadi cerah seketika. Pelanggaran tersebut dianggap melanggar Etika Pariwara Indonesia. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini menyoroti pentingnya literasi mengenai Etika Pariwara Indonesia guna mencegah iklan yang melanggar kode etik dan menjaga kepercayaan masyarakat terhadap iklan. Penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi dalam pemahaman tentang perlunya penegakan etika dalam praktik periklanan dan menekankan perlunya upaya untuk meningkatkan literasi terkait Etika Pariwara Indonesia di kalangan praktisi periklanan dan masyarakat umum.