bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maxillofacial fractures sustained during baseball and softball
Authors: Yamamoto Kazuhiko , Murakami Kazuhiro , Sugiura Tsutomu , Ishida Jun‐ichi , Imai Yuichiro , Fujimoto Masaki , Kirita Tadaaki 
Published: March 2009

Abstract –  Aim:  The purpose of this study was to investigate the demographics, the type of impact, the site and the treatment of maxillofacial fractures sustained during baseball and softball to develop an effective preventive strategy.Patients and methods:  Data of 82 patients treated for baseball‐ and softball‐related maxillofacial fractures at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Nara Medical University between 1982 and 2007 were retrospectively analyzed.Results:  Injuries were found in 64 men in baseball and 16 men and two women in softball with average ages of 19.6 and 30.0 years, respectively. Fractures were caused by being hit by the ball in 61 patients followed by collision in 16 patients. Fractures of the mandible and the mid‐face were found in 44 and 38 patients, respectively. The mental and angle region of the mandible and zygoma and alveolar bone of the maxilla were frequently involved. Treatment was mostly conservative. Open reduction and internal fixation were performed only in 15 patients.Conclusions:  Most maxillofacial fractures in these sports were ball‐related. Therefore, effective preventive means should be considered to protect against such injuries.
Dentist–assistant interaction styles in Jordan
Authors: Khader YS , Abu‐Sharbain G 
Published: March 2009

Abstract:  Objectives:  To assess dentist–assistant interaction and communication styles and their associated factors in Jordan.Methods:  Three different areas in Amman where private dental clinics heavily cluster were chosen. The researcher visited all dental clinics in these areas and invited dentists to participate in this study. A structured self‐administered questionnaire was designed and included the 22 items on staff communication that were used by Gorter and Freeman to assess communication styles. The culturally adapted items were analysed in such a way to reflect the structure that is used in the original study.Results:  There was a significant interaction between dentist’s gender and communication styles (F = 3.8, P = 0.022). The only significant difference between men and women was for professional leadership style (P = 0.011) where men were more likely to adopt professional leadership style than women. For men, the average score for friendly leadership style was significantly lower than that for other styles. For women, the average score was the highest for gender interacting style which was significantly higher than that for friendly leadership style and professional interacting style, but not business leadership style.Conclusions:  Communication and interaction styles between Jordanian dentists and their assistants differ according to gender. Jordanian dentists are less likely to adopt friendly leadership communication style compared with other styles.
An individually tailored treatment programme for improved oral hygiene: introduction of a new course of action in health education for patients with periodontitis
Authors: Jönsson B , Öhrn K , Oscarson N , Lindberg P 
Published: March 2009

Abstract:  Objectives:  To describe and evaluate an individually tailored treatment programme based on a behavioural medicine approach to oral hygiene self‐care for patients with chronic periodontitis.Methods:  Two experimental single‐case studies with multiple‐baseline design across different self‐administered oral hygiene behaviours were conducted. Cognitive Behavioural techniques were used to organize the strategies for the intervention and the approach to counselling was inspired by and structured in accordance with Motivational Interviewing. The central features in the programme were the individual analysis of knowledge and oral hygiene habits, individually set goals for oral hygiene behaviour, practice of manual dexterity for oral hygiene aids, continuous self‐monitoring of the behaviour and prevention of relapse.Results:  Both participants reached the predecided criteria for clinical significance in reducing plaque and bleeding on probing. Reductions of periodontal probing depth were achieved as well. The positive results remained stable throughout the 2‐year study period.Conclusion:  The successful application of this educational model suggests that it could be used as a method for tailoring interventions targeted to oral hygiene for patients with periodontal conditions. The programme will now be tested in a larger randomized controlled trial.
Evaluation of the quality and cost‐effectiveness of Versajet® hydrosurgery
Authors: Sainsbury David CG 
Published: March 2009

AbstractJudicious resource allocation to maximise benefits is essential to health care decision‐making, particularly with increasingly expensive treatments and rising populations. Accurate wound debridement is important, and while many methods exist, surgical debridement is currently the gold standard with material costs at approximately £140. Versajet®, a hydrosurgical device, is suggested by some to have facilitated a paradigm shift in wound management by allowing debridement of undesirable tissue while accurately preserving viable structures. Its proponents claim that it minimises surgical duration, length of hospital admission, improves wound healing and may be deployed at the bedside or in the community. Consoles and single‐use hand‐units cost £6000–£7000 and £220–£240, respectively. Some propose that hydrosurgery may provide an efficacious, efficient and cost‐effective alterative to surgical debridement. However, the evidence available is largely based on expert opinion. Methodological flaws of such descriptive studies include the lack of control groups, selection bias and lack of blinding. Hence, these claims need to be interpreted cautiously. This opinion review examines the available evidence as to whether Versajet hydrosurgery provides quality and cost‐effective care.
Intralesional administration of epidermal growth factor‐based formulation (Heberprot‐P) in chronic diabetic foot ulcer: treatment up to complete wound closure
Authors: Fernández‐Montequín José I , Betancourt Blas Y , Leyva‐Gonzalez Gisselle , Mola Ernesto L , Galán‐Naranjo Katia , Ramírez‐Navas Mayte , Bermúdez‐Rojas Sergio , Rosales Felix , García‐Iglesias Elizeth , Berlanga‐Acosta Jorge , Silva‐Rodriguez Ricardo , Garcia‐Siverio Marianela , Martinez Luis H 
Published: March 2009

AbstractPrevious studies have shown that an epidermal growth factor‐based formulation (Heberprot‐P) can enhance granulation of high‐grade diabetic foot ulcers (DFU). The aim of this study was to explore the clinical effects of this administration up to complete wound closure. A pilot study in 20 diabetic patients with full‐thickness lower extremity ulcers of more than 4 weeks of evolution was performed. Mean ulcer size was 16·3 ± 21·3 cm2. Intralesional injections of 75 μg of Heberprot‐P three times per week were given up to complete wound healing. Full granulation response was achieved in all 20 patients in 23·6 ± 3·8 days. Complete wound closure was obtained in 17 (85%) cases in 44·3 ± 8·9 days. Amputation was not necessary in any case and only one relapse was notified. The most frequent adverse events were tremors, chills, pain and ardour at site of administration and local infection. The therapeutic scheme of intralesional Heberprot‐P administration up to complete closure can be safe and suitable to improve the therapeutic goal in terms of healing of chronic DFU.
Modulation of rabbit sinoatrial node activation sequence by acetylcholine and isoproterenol investigated with optical mapping technique
Authors: Abramochkin D. V. , Kuzmin V. S. , Sukhova G. S. , Rosenshtraukh L. V. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractAims: Changes in the rabbit sinoatrial node (SAN) activation sequence with the cholinergic and adrenergic factors were studied. The correlation between the sinus rhythm rate and the leading pacemaker site shift was determined. The hypothesis concerning the cholinergic suppression of nodal cell excitability as one of the mechanisms associated with pacemaker shift was tested.Methods: A high‐resolution optical mapping technique was used to register beat‐to‐beat changes in the SAN activation pattern under the influence of the cholinergic and adrenergic factors.Results: Acetylcholine (10 μm) and strong intramural parasympathetic nerve stimulation caused a pacemaker shift as well as rhythmic slowing and the formation of an inexcitable region in the central part of SAN. In this region the generation of action potentials was suppressed. The slowing of the sinus rhythm (which exceeded 12.8 ± 3.1% of the rhythm control rate) always accompanied the pacemaker shift. Isoproterenol (10, 100 nm, 1 μm) and sympathetic postganglionic nerve stimulation also evoked a pacemaker shift but without formation of an inexcitable zone. The acceleration of the sinus rhythm, which exceeded 10.5 ± 1.3% of the control rate of the rhythm, always accompanied the shift.Conclusions: Both cholinergic and adrenergic factors cause pacemaker shifts in the rabbit SAN. While modest changes in the sinus rhythm do not coincide with the pacemaker shift, greater changes always accompany the shift and may be caused by it, according to one hypothesis. The formation of an inexcitable zone at the place where the leading pacemaker is situated is one of the mechanisms associated with pacemaker shift.
Isolation and characterization of microsatellite markers from Teretrius nigrescens Lewis (Coleoptera: Histeridae), predator of the storage pest Prostephanus truncatus (Horn) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae)
Authors: OMONDI A. B. , ORANTES L. C. , VAN DEN BERG J. , MASIGA D. , SCHULTHESS F. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract Teretrius nigrescens is a predator of the larger grain borer (LGB) Prostephanus truncatus, an invasive post‐harvest pest in Africa. We describe the isolation and characterization of 24 novel polymorphic microsatellite markers and their testing on a population from Honduras. Alleles per locus ranged between 2 and 12, and observed heterozygosity between 0.037 and 0.646. Six loci deviated significantly from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium and showed evidence of null alleles. These markers will be useful for studies of the predator's population structure and characterizing populations for control of LGB.
Novel polymorphic microsatellite loci for the protogynous hermaphrodite slinger sea bream (Chrysoblephus puniceus, Sparidae)
Authors: CHOPELET JULIEN , HELYAR SARAH , MANN BRUCE , MARIANI STEFANO 
Published: March 2009

AbstractAs a result of the global decline of fish stocks, an increasing number of fish species are becoming targets of heavy exploitation, often concomitantly with a lack of biological knowledge on their structure and demographics. Here we present 11 new polymorphic microsatellite loci, isolated from the slinger sea bream (Chrysoblephus puniceus, Sparidae), a relatively recent target of coastal fisheries in eastern South Africa. Levels of genetic diversity were assessed in 39 individuals collected from the KwaZulu‐Natal coast (Park Rynie, South Africa). Observed and expected heterozygosities varied between 0.39 and 0.97 and between 0.53 and 0.96, respectively. One locus (SL35) showed significant heterozygote deficiency and linkage disequilibrium was detected between SL35 and SL1. Importantly, five of these microsatellites cross‐amplify in Cheimerius nufar, a sympatric species also subjected to exploitation.
Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials: path and challenges from conception to a World Health Organization primary register
Authors: Solaymani‐Dodaran Masoud , Ostovar Afshin , Khalili Davood , Vasei Muhammad 
Published: March 2009

Abstract Objective Following the reforms in 1985 in which medical education was integrated into the National Health Service, we have witnessed an increase in teaching, training, and research capacity, improvement in quality of services, and a major boost in medical research in Iran. Following the surge in research activity, the need for public registration of clinical trials was raised within academic circles, particularly after the initiative by the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors in 2004. Method In line with this global movement, the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials was developed by a team of Iranian researchers with support from the Ministry of Health and Medical Education. Results In our experience, the challenges for developing a national registry for clinical trials are: (i) choosing a committed, versatile leader with the skills and expertise to work and communicate with a variety of stakeholders and other people involved in the process; (ii) securing the necessary resources and political support to minimize resistance and act as a positive force for implementing changes; (iii) developing strong liaison between the information technology team and website administrators to develop a highly functioning website; and (iv) developing the culture of transparency within society in general, and the research community in particular, which goes far beyond setting up a registry. Conclusion The Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials has made a good start, and should fulfill its mission of providing an accessible source of information for the general public and researchers. This is the goal we have set ourselves.
Strategies for Promoting the Development of Evidence‐Based Medicine in China
Authors: Li Youping , Wu Taixiang , Shang Hongcai , Yang Kehu ,   on behalf of all subcentres attending the Chinese EBM Working Meeting in December 2008
Published: March 2009

Abstract Background Some important events have happened in clinical medicine outside China in recent years changing the field. Event A working meeting of the EBM network was held to promote the development of EBM in China. The delegates came from 15 EBM centres in universities or hospitals and some strategies and measures were discussed in the meeting. Results 1. Enhancing the transparency of clinical trials including clinical trial registration, standardization of reporting results, transparent clinical process, and establishing a reliable inner quality control system; 2. Promoting the modernization of traditional Chinese medicine including initiating the Chinese Network of Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CNCAM), developing the Good Practices of TCM clinical guidelines and clinical pathways, and developing a grading system for TCM evidence; 3. Developing an independent entity of clinical research, training on methodology of clinical studies and conducting cooperative clinical trials to strengthen the capability of clinical study of the members of EBM network. Conclusion Transparency of clinical trials and the capability of clinical studies are the most important needs in the healthcare field both in the world and China. A consensus about developing EBM in China has been made among the participants of the Chinese EBM Working Meeting in December 2008.
Mutation of Cysteine 171 of Pestivirus ErnsRNase Prevents Homodimer Formation and Leads to Attenuation of Classical Swine Fever Virus
Authors: Tews Birke Andrea , Schürmann Eva-Maria , Meyers Gregor 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTPestiviruses represent important pathogens of farm animals that have evolved unique strategies and functions to stay within their host populations. Erns, a structural glycoprotein of pestiviruses, exhibits RNase activity and represents a virulence factor of the viruses. Ernsforms disulfide linked homodimers that are found in virions and virus-infected cells. Mutation or deletion of cysteine 171, the residue engaged in intermolecular disulfide bond formation, results in loss of dimerization as tested in coprecipitation and native protein gel electrophoresis analyses. Nevertheless, stable virus mutants with changes affecting cysteine codon 171 could be recovered in tissue culture. These mutants grew almost as well as the parental viruses and exhibited an RNase-positive phenotype. Ernsdimerization-negative mutants of classical swine fever virus were found to be attenuated in pigs even though the virus clearly replicated and induced a significant neutralizing antibody response in the animals.
c-Myc and Rel/NF-κB Are the Two Master Transcriptional Systems Activated in the Latency III Program of Epstein-Barr Virus-Immortalized B Cells
Authors: Faumont Nathalie , Durand-Panteix Stéphanie , Schlee Martin , Grömminger Sebastian , Schuhmacher Marino , Hölzel Michael , Laux Gerhard , Mailhammer Reinhard , Rosenwald Andreas , Staudt Louis M. , Bornkamm Georg W. , Feuillard Jean 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACT

The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) latency III program imposed by EBNA2 and LMP1 is directly responsible for immortalization of B cells in vitro and is thought to mediate most immunodeficiency-related posttransplant lymphoproliferative diseases in vivo. To answer the question whether and how this proliferation program is related to c-Myc, we have established the transcriptome of both c-Myc and EBV latency III proliferation programs using a Lymphochip specialized microarray. In addition to EBV-positive latency I Burkitt lymphoma lines and lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs), we used an LCL expressing an estrogen-regulatable EBNA2 fusion protein (EREB2-5) and derivative B-cell lines expressing a constitutively active or tetracycline-regulatable c-
myc
gene. A total of 897 genes were found to be fourfold or more up- or downregulated in either one or both proliferation programs compared to the expression profile of resting EREB2-5 cells. A total of 661 (74%) of these were regulated similarly in both programs. Numerous repressed genes were known targets of STAT1, and most induced genes were known to be upregulated by c-Myc and to be involved in cell proliferation. In keeping with the gene expression patterns, inactivation of c-Myc by a chemical inhibitor or by conditional expression of dominant-negative c-Myc and Max mutants led to proliferation arrest of LCLs. Most genes differently regulated in both proliferation programs corresponded to genes induced by NF-κB in LCLs, and many of them coded for immunoregulatory and/or antiapoptotic molecules. Thus, c-Myc and NF-κB are the two main transcription factors responsible for the phenotype, growth pattern, and biological properties of cells driven into proliferation by EBV.
Stromal Cell-Mediated Suppression of Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type 1 Expression In Vitro and In Vivo by Type I Interferon
Authors: Kinpara Shuichi , Hasegawa Atsuhiko , Utsunomiya Atae , Nishitsuji Hironori , Furukawa Hiroyuki , Masuda Takao , Kannagi Mari 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACT
Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) causes adult T-cell leukemia (ATL), HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis, and other inflammatory diseases. Despite such severe outcomes of HTLV-1 infection, the level of HTLV-1 expression in vivo is very low and rapidly increases after transfer of cells to culture conditions. The mechanisms of this phenomenon have remained obscure. In the present study, we found that human and mouse stromal cells, such as epithelial cells and fibroblasts, suppressed HTLV-1 expression in ATL and non-ATL HTLV-1-infected cells. HTLV-1 mRNA and proteins in HTLV-1-infected cells markedly decreased upon coculture with human epithelial-like cells (HEK293T) or mouse embryo fibroblasts (NIH 3T3). When infected cells were reisolated from the cocultures, viral expression was restored to the original level over the following 48 h. Spontaneous induction of HTLV-1 expression in primary ATL cells in the first 24 h of culture was also inhibited by coculture with HEK293T cells. Coculture of HTLV-1-infected cells and HEK293T cells induced type I interferon responses, as detected by beta interferon (IFN-β) promoter activation and IFN-stimulated gene upregulation. HEK293T-mediated suppression of HTLV-1 expression was partly inhibited by antibodies to human IFN-α/β receptor. NIH 3T3-mediated suppression was markedly abrogated by neutralizing antibodies to mouse IFN-β. Furthermore, viral expression in HTLV-1-infected cells was significantly suppressed when the infected cells were intraperitoneally injected into wild-type mice but not IFN regulatory factor 7 knockout mice that are deficient of type I IFN responses. These findings indicate that the innate immune system suppresses HTLV-1 expression in vivo, at least through type I IFN.
Enhanced Exposure of the CD4-Binding Site to Neutralizing Antibodies by Structural Design of a Membrane-Anchored Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 gp120 Domain
Authors: Wu Lan , Zhou Tongqing , Yang Zhi-yong , Svehla Krisha , O'Dell Sijy , Louder Mark K. , Xu Ling , Mascola John R. , Burton Dennis R. , Hoxie James A. , Doms Robert W. , Kwong Peter D. , Nabel Gary J. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACT
The broadly neutralizing antibody immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) b12 binds to a conformationally conserved surface on the outer domain of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) gp120 envelope (Env) glycoprotein. To develop outer domain proteins (ODs) that could be recognized selectively by CD4-binding-site (CD4-BS) antibodies, membrane-anchored ODs were generated from an HIV-1 clade B virus, TA1 R3A, which was highly sensitive to neutralization by the IgG1 b12 antibody. A 231-residue fragment of gp120 (residues 252 to 482) linked to transmembrane regions from CD4 showed b12 binding comparable to that of the native Env spike as measured by flow cytometry. Truncation of the β20-β21 hairpin (residues 422 to 436 to Gly-Gly) improved overall protein expression. Replacement of the immunodominant central 20 amino acids of the V3 loop (residues 302 to 323) with a basic hexapeptide (NTRGRR) increased b12 reactivity further. Surface calculations indicated that the ratio of b12 epitope to exposed immunogenic surface in the optimized OD increased to over 30%. This OD variant [OD(GSL)(Δβ20-21)(hCD4-TM)] was recognized by b12 and another CD4-BS-reactive antibody, b13, but not by eight other CD4-BS antibodies with limited neutralization potency. Furthermore, optimized membrane-anchored OD selectively absorbed neutralizing activity from complex antisera and b12. Structurally designed membrane-anchored ODs represent candidate immunogens to elicit or to allow the detection of broadly neutralizing antibodies to the conserved site of CD4 binding on HIV-1 gp120.