bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Detection of cotton leaf curl disease’s susceptibility scale level based on deep learning
Authors: Nazeer Rubaina , Ali Sajid , Hu Zhihua , Ansari Ghulam Jillani , Al-Razgan Muna , Awwad Emad Mahrous , Ghadi Yazeed Yasin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCotton, a crucial cash crop in Pakistan, faces persistent threats from diseases, notably the Cotton Leaf Curl Virus (CLCuV). Detecting these diseases accurately and early is vital for effective management. This paper offers a comprehensive account of the process involved in collecting, preprocessing, and analyzing an extensive dataset of cotton leaf images. The primary aim of this dataset is to support automated disease detection systems. We delve into the data collection procedure, distribution of the dataset, preprocessing stages, feature extraction methods, and potential applications. Furthermore, we present the preliminary findings of our analyses and emphasize the significance of such datasets in advancing agricultural technology. The impact of these factors on plant growth is significant, but the intrusion of plant diseases, such as Cotton Leaf Curl Disease (CLCuD) caused by the Cotton Leaf Curl Gemini Virus (CLCuV), poses a substantial threat to cotton yield. Identifying CLCuD promptly, especially in areas lacking critical infrastructure, remains a formidable challenge. Despite the substantial research dedicated to cotton leaf diseases in agriculture, deep learning technology continues to play a vital role across various sectors. In this study, we harness the power of two deep learning models, specifically the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). We evaluate these models using two distinct datasets: one from the publicly available Kaggle dataset and the other from our proprietary collection, encompassing a total of 1349 images capturing both healthy and disease-affected cotton leaves. Our meticulously curated dataset is categorized into five groups: Healthy, Fully Susceptible, Partially Susceptible, Fully Resistant, and Partially Resistant. Agricultural experts annotated our dataset based on their expertise in identifying abnormal growth patterns and appearances. Data augmentation enhances the precision of model performance, with deep features extracted to support both training and testing efforts. Notably, the CNN model outperforms other models, achieving an impressive accuracy rate of 99% when tested against our proprietary dataset.
Rare faction of flora of the designed landscape reserve “Balka Shchurovka”
Authors: Kyiak S. V. 
Published: February 2024

The article is devoted to the study of the modern distribution of certain rare plant species within the "Balka Shchurovka" beam system (near the settlements of Dniprovske, Novomykolaivka of the Verkhnyodniprovska OTG of the Dnipropetrovsk region) and substantiation of the prospects for granting the object the status of a nature conservation area. The natural diversity of the vegetation cover of the designed reserve consists of zonal steppe vegetation, bairach forests, psamophilic and petrophilic communities, and meadow vegetation. According to indicators of biodiversity, the territory b. Shchurovka is one of the most valuable within the borders of Verkhnyodniprovska OTG of Dnipropetrovsk region. In the process of researching the flora of the planned reserve, a number of new locations of species rare for the region and the region were discovered. 26 regionally rare plant species grow here, 13 species listed in the Red Book of Ukraine, 3 species from Resolution 6 of the Berne Convention and Annexes of the Habitats Directive, presented in the flora of Ukraine, 1 species from the World Red List. The list of plants of the Dnipropetrovsk region included in the Red Book of Ukraine includes 56 species of vascular plants, of which 13 species grow within the b. Rat, which is 23% of the total number of red book species of Dnipropetrovsk region. An important and interesting feature of the layer of sand exposed on the right slope of the gully is the presence of blocks of red sandstone enriched with iron oxides. Near the sandstone outcrops, a characteristic complex of flora has formed on sandy soil with the participation of Sempervivum ruthenicum Schnittsp. & C.B. Lehm, Pulsatilla pratensis (L.) Mill. s.l., Thymus pallasianus Heinr.Braun, Peucedanum arenarium Waldst. & Kit. (Taeniopetalum arenarium (Waldst. & Kit.) V. N. Tichomirov), Achillea leptophylla M. Bieb. Jurinea cyanoides (L.) Rchb and Pulsatilla patens (L.) Mill grow here. s.l. - rare species from the Annexes of the Habitats Directive, Annex I of the Berne Convention, which prefer biotopes with an intact structure as part of rare coenoses. The study of the rare fraction of the flora of the beam system in the context of the conservation of biodiversity of the Right Bank Steppe of the Dnieper region can become the basis of the nature conservation concept of sustainable development of the region.
Intention to sign an advance directive among nephrology medical staff and its related factors
Authors: Fang Li , Hsiao Li-Ping , Fang Shu-Hui 
Published: February 2024

Background: Advance care planning enables people to record their future health and care wishes and appoint someone as an advocate. An advance directive can be made in the event that a person is incapacitated, so that their wishes are still upheld. The beliefs of the nephrology team might affect patients' choices and willingness to sign an advance directive. To increase the number of dialysis patients who have signed an advance directive, it is necessary to educate the nephrology medical staff. Aim: To explore the intention to sign an advance directive and its related factors among nephrology medical staff. Methods: A cross-sectional and correlational design was used. This study recruited 160 nephrology medical staff. Data were analysed by using the Statistical Package for Social Science 21.0 for Windows. Findings: The results found that the longer someone has worked as part of the nephology medical staff, the more knowledgeable they were about an advance directive. This led to them being more likely to want to sign an advance directive for themselves. Conclusion: In order to improve the knowledge and awareness of advance directives among nephrology medical staff, hospital managers should provide continuing education on this topic.
Exploring the experiences of adults adjustment when living with a primary brain tumour
Authors: Nyatanga Brian , Wormington Rosemary , Wilkinson Lucy 
Published: February 2024

Background: Brain tumours are the ninth most common cancer in the UK, and account for 3% of all new cancer cases. Aim: To understand the impact of living with a primary brain tumour and identify adjustments that patients make in order to cope with their condition. This also encomapsses the impact of interventions like support groups in terms of care and therapeutic value. Methods: After ethical approval, a qualitative approach was employed, which set out to interview 11 adult patients living with primary brain tumours. The interviews were conducted face-to-face and were semi-structured interviews. Interview data were coded and thematic analysis used. Findings: Four themes were developed, namely: adjustment; loss of independence; support; and health and symptoms. Conclusion: Living with a brain tumour leads to an inevitable adjustment to maintain day-to-day life. The findings suggest there are a number of adjustments that patients make to maintain some independence. Many people valued the support they received from support groups, while others felt that the support they received was inadequate. The mandatory loss of a driving licence for people in the UK was the most concerning. Its removal led to a loss of confidence and made them immediately dependent on others for travel. While support was provided, there was an apparent omission in the provision of psychological support. Oncology and palliative care nurses are in key positions to explore psychological concerns and offer tailored support.
Structure and distribution of palm tree species in Altingia excelsa planted forest in Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park, West Java, Indonesia
Authors: SADILI ASEP , SALAMAH ANDI , MIRMANTO EDI , KARTAWINATA KUSWATA 
Published: February 2024

Abstract. Sadili A, Salamah A, Mirmanto E, Kartawinata K. 2024. Structure and distribution of palm tree species in Altingia excelsa planted forest in Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park, West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 249-256. Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park (GGPNP) is a conservation area consisted of natural forest and planted forest, including Altingia excelsa Noronha stands which were planted in 1925. As a result of secondary succession, various plants grow under Altingia excelsa stands, including palm tree species (Arecaceae). This research was conducted to determine the structure, population, and distribution patterns of palm trees in Altingia excelsa planted forest in Bodogol Resort, GGPNP. The data were collected by establishing a one-hectare plot divided into 100 subplots of 10 m × 10 m. Palm tree species with a Diameter at Breast Height (DBH) ?3 cm were measured, and the tree heights were estimated. Data analysis included Relative Dominance (RDo), Relative Density (RDen), Relative Frequency (RF), Importance Value Index (IVI), Shannon Wiener Diversity Index (H'), Evenness Index (E), Index of Dispersion (ID), analysis of variance values (S2) and Chi-square analysis (Q). The study results recorded four species from three genera of Arecaceae which consisted of 171 trees with a total Basal Area (BA) of 0.63 m2/ha. Pinanga coronata (Blume ex Mart.) Blume was the most dominant palm tree species with IVI of 156.89%), followed by Pinanga sp. (IVI=72.04%), Caryota rumphiana Mart. (IVI=55.77%), and Arenga pinnata (Wurmb) Merr. (IVI=15.38%). In term of diameter class distribution, Pinanga coronata and Pinanga sp. were regenerating well. Spatial distribution patterns of Arenga pinnata, Caryota rumphiana, and Pinanga sp. were regular, while Pinanga coronata was clustered. Periodical studies in the future to determine the mortality and natality of the palm trees are recommended to understand the dynamics of vegetation succession.
Simultaneous measurement of the surrounding refractive index and temperature using a local-micro-structured long-period fiber grating sensor operating near the phase-matching turning point
Authors: Wang Ying , Li Zhengyuan , Pang Bo , Wang Xinyu , He Yihao , Zhang Jinghong , Mupfukirei Leaven Romeo , Zhang Kai , Ling Qiang , Yu Zhangwei , Chen Daru 
Published: February 2024

We have proposed a local-micro-structured long-period fiber grating (LMSLPFG) sensor near the phase-matching turning point (PMTP) for simultaneous measurement of the surrounding refractive index (SRI) and temperature. By using the HF solution or a femtosecond laser to partially change the cladding radius of LPFG, the LMSLPFG is realized. Such change affects the effective refractive index of cladding mode and further causes a new resonant peak in the spectrum. By using the transfer matrix method, the formation mechanisms of the peak in the middle of the LMSLPFG transmission spectrum corresponding to a little off-resonant state (ALOR) near PMTP and the other two peaks on both sides corresponding to the dual-peak resonance are studied. On this basis, the sensing characteristics of such three resonant peaks to SRI and temperature are analyzed. When the SRI and temperature change, the transmissivity of the peak in ALOR changes without a response occurring at resonant wavelength, while the wavelength of the other two dual peaks will respond proportionately. The numerical simulation results demonstrate that the sensitivities of the distance between the dual peaks to SRI and temperature are 777.14 nm/RIU and −0.22nm/∘C, respectively, and the sensitivities of single peak transmissivity to SRI and temperature are −394.06dB/RIU and 0.05 dB/°C, respectively. Therefore, the sensitivity matrix can be used to measure SRI and temperature simultaneously with a single LMSLPFG.
Terahertz sensing with a 3D meta-absorbing chip based on two-photon polymerization printing
Authors: Chen Xueer , Ye Longfang , Yu Daquan 
Published: February 2024

The narrowband meta-absorbers exhibit significantly enhanced electromagnetic confinement capabilities, showcasing broad application prospects in sensing fields. They can be applied for biomarker detection, chemical composition analysis, and monitoring of specific gas in the environment. In this work, we propose a 3D meta-absorber with an out-of-plane plasma mechanism based on a two-photon printing system. Compared to the conventional fabrication of a metal-insulator-metal 2D meta-absorber, the 3D absorber is composed of a metal layer and a resin layer from top to bottom; its manufacturing process is simpler, only including two-photon printing and magnetron sputtering deposition. A noticeable absorbing resonance appears at 0.3142 THz with perfect absorbance with a high Q-factor of 104.67. The theoretical sensitivity to the refractive index of the sensor reaches up to 172.5 GHz/RIU, with a figure of merit (FOM) of 19.56. In the experiments, it was validated as a meta-absorber with high sensitivity for doxycycline (DCH). As the DCH concentration increases from 0 to 4 mg/mL, the absorption intensity decreases around 49%, while the resonant frequency shift is around 70 GHz. It reflects the real-time residual content of DCH, and is potentially applied in trace antibiotic detection. The results showcase a perfect narrowband absorption capability with strong electromagnetic confinement in the terahertz spectrum, along with high-Q sensing characteristics of DCH. Compared to 2D metamaterials, the diversity of 3D metamaterial significantly expands, and introduces additional effects to provide greater flexibility in manipulating electromagnetic waves. The 3D device offers opportunities for the application of terahertz biochemical sensing.
Quantitative PCR as a marker for preemptive therapy and its role in therapeutic control in Trypanosoma cruzi/HIV coinfection
Authors: Freitas Vera Lúcia Teixeira de , Novaes Christina Terra Gallafrio , Sartori Ana Marli Christovam , Carvalho Noemia Barbosa , Silva Sheila Cristina Vicente da , Nakanishi Érika Shimoda , Salvador Fernando , Castro Cleudson Nery de , Bezerra Rita Cristina , Westphalen Elizabeth Visone Nunes , Oliveira Caroline Medeji Ramos de , Busser Felipe Delatorre , Ho Yeh-Li , Buccheri Renata , Bonilla Carolina , Shikanai-Yasuda Maria Aparecida 
Published: February 2024

Background
Trypanosoma cruzi and HIV coinfection can evolve with depression of cellular immunity and increased parasitemia. We applied quantitative PCR (qPCR) as a marker for preemptive antiparasitic treatment to avoid fatal Chagas disease reactivation and analyzed the outcome of treated cases.

Methodology
This mixed cross-sectional and longitudinal study included 171 Chagas disease patients, 60 coinfected with HIV. Of these 60 patients, ten showed Chagas disease reactivation, confirmed by parasites identified in the blood, cerebrospinal fluid, or tissues, 12 exhibited high parasitemia without reactivation, and 38 had low parasitemia and no reactivation.

Results
We showed, for the first time, the success of the timely introduction of benznidazole in the non-reactivated group with high levels of parasitemia detected by qPCR and the absence of parasites in reactivated cases with at least 58 days of benznidazole. All HIV+ patients with or without reactivation had a 4.0–5.1 higher chance of having parasitemia than HIV seronegative cases. A positive correlation was found between parasites and viral loads. Remarkably, treated T. cruzi/HIV-coinfected patients had 77.3% conversion from positive to negative parasitemia compared to 19.1% of untreated patients. Additionally, untreated patients showed ~13.6 times higher Odds Ratio of having positive parasitemia in the follow-up period compared with treated patients. Treated and untreated patients showed no differences regarding the evolution of Chagas disease. The main factors associated with all-cause mortality were higher parasitemia, lower CD4 counts/μL, higher viral load, and absence of antiretroviral therapy.

Conclusion
We recommend qPCR prospective monitoring of T. cruzi parasitemia in HIV+ coinfected patients and point out the value of pre-emptive therapy for those with high parasitemia. In parallel, early antiretroviral therapy introduction is advisable, aiming at viral load control, immune response restoration, and increasing survival. We also suggest an early antiparasitic treatment for all coinfected patients, followed by effectiveness analysis alongside antiretroviral therapy.
Utilizing a multi-stage transition model for analysing child stunting in two urban slum settlements of Nairobi: A longitudinal analysis, 2011-2014
Authors: Oduro Michael S. , Iddi Samuel , Asiedu Louis , Asiki Gershim , Kadengye Damazo T. 
Published: February 2024

Introduction
Stunting is common among children in many low and middle income countries, particularly in rural and urban slum settings. Few studies have described child stunting transitions and the associated factors in urban slum settlements. We describe transitions between stunting states and associated factors among children living in Nairobi slum settlements.

Methods
This study used data collected between 2010 and 2014 from the Nairobi Urban and Demographic Surveillance System (NUHDSS) and a vaccination study nested within the surveillance system. A subset of 692 children aged 0 to 3 years, with complete anthropometric data, and household socio-demographic data was used for the analysis. Height-for-age Z-scores (HAZ) was used to define stunting: normal (HAZ ≥ 1), marginally stunted (-2 ≤ HAZ < -1), moderately stunted (-3 ≤ HAZ < -2), and severely stunted (HAZ < -3). Transitions from one stunting level to another and in the reverse direction were computed. The associations between explanatory factors and the transitions between four child stunting states were modeled using a continuous-time multi-state model.

Results
We observed that 48%, 39%, 41%, and 52% of children remained in the normal, marginally stunted, moderately stunted, and severely stunted states, respectively. About 29% transitioned from normal to marginally stunted state, 15% to the moderately stunted state, and 8% to the severely stunted state. Also, 8%, 12%, and 29% back transitioned from severely stunted, moderately stunted, and marginally stunted states, to the normal state, respectively. The shared common factors associated with all transitions to a more severe state include: male gender, ethnicity (only for mild and severe transition states), child’s age, and household food insecurity. In Korogocho, children whose parents were married and those whose mothers had attained primary or post-primary education were associated with a transition from a mild state into a moderately stunted state. Children who were breastfed exclusively were less likely to transition from moderate to severe stunting state.

Conclusion
These findings reveal a high burden of stunting and transitions in urban slums. Context-specific interventions targeting the groups of children identified by the socio-demographic factors are needed. Improving food security and exclusive breastfeeding could potentially reduce stunting in the slums.
Pilot RCT comparing low-dose naltrexone, gabapentin and placebo to reduce pain among people with HIV with alcohol problems
Authors: Tsui Judith I. , Rossi Sarah L. , Cheng Debbie M. , Bendiks Sally , Vetrova Marina , Blokhina Elena , Winter Michael , Gnatienko Natalia , Backonja Miroslav , Bryant Kendall , Krupitsky Evgeny , Samet Jeffrey H. 
Published: February 2024

BackgroundTo estimate the effects on pain of two medications (low-dose naltrexone and gabapentin) compared to placebo among people with HIV (PWH) with heavy alcohol use and chronic pain.MethodsWe conducted a pilot, randomized, double-blinded, 3-arm study of PWH with chronic pain and past-year heavy alcohol use in 2021. Participants were recruited in St. Petersburg, Russia, and randomized to receive daily low-dose naltrexone (4.5mg), gabapentin (up to 1800mg), or placebo. The two primary outcomes were change in self-reported pain severity and pain interference measured with the Brief Pain Inventory from baseline to 8 weeks.ResultsParticipants (N = 45, 15 in each arm) had the following baseline characteristics: 64% male; age 41 years (SD±7); mean 2 (SD±4) heavy drinking days in the past month and mean pain severity and interference were 3.2 (SD±1) and 3.0 (SD±2), respectively. Pain severity decreased for all three arms. Mean differences in change in pain severity for gabapentin vs. placebo, and naltrexone vs. placebo were -0.27 (95% confidence interval [CI] -1.76, 1.23; p = 0.73) and 0.88 (95% CI -0.7, 2.46; p = 0.55), respectively. Pain interference decreased for all three arms. Mean differences in change in pain interference for gabapentin vs. placebo, and naltrexone vs. placebo was 0.16 (95% CI -1.38, 1.71; p = 0.83) and 0.40 (95% CI -1.18, 1.99; p = 0.83), respectively.ConclusionNeither gabapentin nor low-dose naltrexone appeared to improve pain more than placebo among PWH with chronic pain and past-year heavy alcohol use.Clinical trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov (NCT4052139).
Efficacy and safety of auricular therapy in the treatment of post-stroke constipation: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ma Chunyu , Niu Ping , Guan Huifang , Yu Ziqiao , Xu Qiaoli , Yu Junchao , Su Jing , Zhao Dexi 
Published: February 2024

Background
Constipation is one of the common gastrointestinal complications after stroke. It not only aggravates the condition of stroke, but also brings huge medical burden to patients, and has a negative impact on the quality of life of patients. Auricular therapy, as a part of Chinese traditional acupuncture and moxibustion, has been found to be effective in the clinical treatment of constipation. However, no systematic review has investigated the efficacy and safety of auricular therapy in the treatment of post-stroke constipation. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review is to assess the effectiveness and safety of auricular therapy for post-stroke constipation.

Methods and analysis
Eight electronic databases including PubMed, Cochrane Library/Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science, Embase, China National Knowledge Internet, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, Wanfang, and VIP databases, will be searched for relevant studies published from inception to February 2023. Two reviewers will independently conduct research selection, data extraction, and evaluation of research quality. Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that assess the efficacy and safety of auricular therapy for the treatment of post-stroke constipation will be included in this study. We will use the Cochrane risk of bias assessment tool to evaluate the methodological qualities (including bias risk). If possible, a meta-analysis will be performed after screening.

Results
This study may provide high-quality evidence for the efficacy and safety of auricular therapy in treating post-stroke constipation.

Conclusion
The conclusions of our study will provide an evidence to judge whether auricular therapy is an effective and safe intervention for patients with post-stroke constipation.

Ethics and dissemination
Ethical approval is not required, as this study was based on a review of published research. This review will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and disseminated electronically and in print.

Trial registration
Registration number: PROSPERO CRD42023402242.
Fehlerkultur – Leitbild für Bibliotheken
Authors: Ilg Jens , Seeliger Frank , Renn Oliver 
Published: February 2024

Zusammenfassung
Das Leitbild, dass Teilnehmer eines Bibliothekssymposiums erarbeiteten, ist eine Orientierungshilfe, wie in Bibliotheken mit Misserfolgen oder Fehlentscheidungen umgegangen werden sollte, und zwar präventiv als auch retrospektiv.