bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnosis of gastric cancers with fluorescein‐labeled monoclonal antibodies to carcinoembryonic antigen
Authors: Tatsuta Masaharu , Iishi Hiroyasu , Ichii Makoto , Baba Miyako , Yamamoto Reiko , Okuda Shigeru , Kikuchi Katsuya 
Published: March 2007

AbstractForty gastric adenocarcinomas in 30 resected stomachs were examined by an endoscopic immunofluorescent technique using fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)‐labeled antibodies to carcino‐embryonic antigen (CEA). Fluorescence images of the tumors were obtained with a newly developed endoscopic television system for detecting faint fluorescence. Computer‐assisted processing was used to enhance the detection and localization of the tumors visualized by the immunofluorescent technique. Twenty seven (90%) of 30 tumors showed positive fluorescence after treatment with FITC‐labeled antibodies for 60 minutes, whereas only two (40%) of five cancers could be detected by the immunofluorescent technique after treatment with antibodies for less than 60 minutes. There was no significant relationship between positive fluorescence and the gross and histological types or the stages of the tumors. In contrast, no positive fluorescence could be demonstrated in cases of benign gastric lesions or after pretreatment with FITC‐labeled alpha‐fetoprotein. This study therefore suggests that the immunofluorescent technique using FITC‐labeled anti‐CEA antibodies can be useful in detecting the early stages of gastric cancer.
Effect of pulse duration on microsecond‐domain laser lithotripsy
Authors: Bhatta Krishna M. , Nishioka Norman S. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe pulsed dye laser (wavelength 504 nm, pulse duration 1 μs) is widely used for fragmenting urinary and biliary calculi. In this study, the performance of this laser was compared with pulsed dye lasers producing pulse durations of 8 and 20 μs. Fragmentation thresholds and fragmentation rates were measured using a variety of urinary and biliary calculi. Effective fragmentation of urinary and biliary calculi was obtained with 1‐μs and 8‐μs pulse durations, but satisfactory fragmentation could not be achieved at 20 μs.
Transscleral cyclophotocoagulation using a contact laser probe: A histologic and clinical study in rabbits
Authors: Latina M. A. , Patel S. , de Kater A. W. , Goode S. , Nishioka N. S. , Puliafito C. A. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractTransscleral photocoagulation of the ciliary body was achieved in pigmented rabbits using a sapphire probe delivery system coupled to a commercial surgical continuous‐wave Nd:YAG laser. This contact technique was found to be effective in reducing intraocular pressure (IOP); greater treatment energies were associated with a more prolonged reduction in IOP, and also correlated with a greater degree of histologic damage to the ciliary body. Treatment energies of 0.8–1.0 Joules produced substantial disruption of the ciliary body. This technique is easy to learn and offers ease in control and placement of the coagulation spots.
Dye‐enhanced laser tissue welding
Authors: Chuck Roy S. , Oz Mehmet C. , Delohery Thomas M. , Johnson Jeffrey P. , Bass Lawrence S. , Nowygrod Roman , Treat Michael R. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractFor vascular anastomosis, use of topical photosensitizing dye enhances selective delivery of laser energy to target tissue, thus reducing the amount of collateral thermal injury and threshold power required for welding. For fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)—stained rabbit aorta in vitro, the threshold for tissue blanching was 15 seconds of 100 mW exposure of cw argon ion laser compared with 15 seconds at 300 mW for unstained tissue. The threshold power density needed for argon laser welding of abdominal aortotomies in rabbits in vivo was 3.8 W/cm2 with FITC and 7.6 W/cm2 without the dye. However, bursting pressures for the two groups (164 mm Hg with FITC, 147 mm Hg without FITC) were not significantly different. Histology revealed decreased collateral thermal damage in FITC‐enhanced welds. Use of photosensitizing dyes for tissue welding is feasible and may allow arterial welding with lower power laser systems and cause less thermal trauma by lowering threshold power levels.
Laser photoirradiation of the canine ureteral orifice: Comparison between contact and noncontact techniques
Authors: Wishnow Kenneth I. , Johnson Douglas E. , Cromeens Douglas M. , Ro Jae Y. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe studied the long‐term effects of Nd:YAG laser photoirradiation in 17 canine ureteral orifices, comparing results of the contact and noncontact (free‐fiber) techniques. The noncontact technique damaged four of eight ureters, causing ureteral obstruction with significant hydronephrosis in three and reflux in one. The amount of energy used correlated with the subsequent appearance of ureteral obstruction; obstruction developed in both cases when 3,000 and 3,300 joules were used but in only one of five cases when less than 2,300 joules were used. In contrast, the contact technique, using 350–800 joules, caused no hydronephrosis and only one case of reflux. Since these animal studies clearly document that the Nd:YAG laser may significantly damage the ureter, particularly when the noncontact technique is used, we recommend that the surgeon consider the contact technique to reduce the risk of ureteral damage and use the smallest amount of energy required for adequate tumor eradication when treating tumors in or near the ureteral orifice.
Characteristics of 308 nm excimer laser activated arterial tissue photoemission under ablative and non‐ablative conditions
Authors: Laufer Günther , Wollenek Gregor , Rüeckle Benno , Buchelt Martin , Kuckla Christian , Ruatti Helmut , Buxbaum Peter , Fasol Roland , Zilla Peter 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe present study was designed to assess the characteristics of tissue photoemission obtained from normal and atherosclerotic segments of human postmortem femoral arteries by 308 nm excimer laser irradiation of 60 ns pulsewidth. Three ablative (20, 30, and 40 mJ/pulse) and three non‐ablative (2.5, 5, and 10 mJ/pulse) energy fluences were employed. Both the activating laser pulses and the induced photoemission were guided simultaneously over one and the same 1,000 μm core optical fiber that was positioned in direct tissue contact perpendicular to the vascular surface. The spectral lineshape of normal arterial and noncalcified atherosclerotic structures was characterized by a broad‐continuum, double‐peak emission of relevant intensity between wavelengths of 360 and 500 nm, with the most prominent emission in the range of 400–415 (407 nm peak) and 430–445 nm (437 nm peak). Fibrous and lipid atherosclerotic lesions, however, exhibited a significantly reduced intensity at 437 nm compared to normal artery layers (P < 0.001), expressed as a 407/437 nm ratio of 1.321 ± 0.075 for fibrous and 1.392 ± 0.104 for lipid lesions. Normal artery components presented with approximately equal intensity at both emission peaks (407/437 nm ratio: intima, 1.054 ± 0.033; media, 1.024 ± 0.019; adventitia, 0.976 ± 0.021). Comparison of spectral lineshape obtained under various energy fluences within a group of noncalcified tissues disclosed no substantial difference using the 407/437 nm ratio (P > 0.05). In contrast, calcified lesions revealed high‐intensity multiple‐line (397, 442, 461, and 528 nm) emission spectra under ablative energy fluences, whereas a low‐intensity broad‐continuum, single‐peak spectrum resulted from irradiation beyond the ablation threshold. Thus, these findings suggest fluorescence phenomena for broad‐continuum spectra, and plasma emission for multiple‐line spectra as an underlying photodynamic process. Regardless of the activating energy fluence, spectral analysis of 308 nm activated photoemission provides accurate information about the laser target under standardized in vitro conditions. It is demonstrated that direct contact ablation and simultaneous spectral imaging of the target tissue via the same optical fiber is feasible.
Electron spin resonance investigation of laser and heated metal‐tip–induced free radical formation in various tissues
Authors: Jain Sandeep , Shi Xianglin , Billie Mike , Jain Abnash C. , Dalal Nar S. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe short‐lived free radical formation accompanying laser irradiation and laser‐heated metal tip contact was examined using electron spin resonance (ESR) spin‐trap methodology. Various tissues (canine myocardium, human aorta, liver, and spleen) were irradiated by argon‐ion (continuous wave [CW] and pulse) and YAG (CW) lasers employing both naked fiber and a laser‐heated metal tip. All showed the formation of primarily carbon‐centered, not oxygenated, free radicals, together with some minor unidentified species. This implies that the backbones of amino acids, lipids, or other biological building blocks are cleaved during the irradiation or thermal treatment. Different tissues produce similar radicals but with different amounts when irradiated by argon‐ion, YAG, and laser‐heated metal tip sources. The amount of the free radicals formed depends on the laser power (within 5–15 W). Compared to the naked fiber, the laser‐heated metal tip shows the generation of at least twice the amount of free radicals. The possible relationship of the free radical formation to tissue injury is briefly discussed.
Enhancement of physical properties of resin restorative materials by laser polymerization
Authors: Kelsey William P. , Blankenau Richard J. , Powell G. Lynn , Barkmeier Wayne W. , Cavel W. Thomas , Whisenant Brian K. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA study was conducted to compare the compressive strength, diametral tensile strength, transverse flexural strength, and flexural modulus of a microfilled and a small particle composite resin restorative material following argon laser and conventional visible light polymerization techniques. All physical properties examined in this study were enhanced by laser polymerization. The diametral tensile strength of both types of restorative materials was significantly greater following laser polymerization, as were the transverse flexural strength and the flexural modulus of the microfilled resin restorative material. Additionally, these results were obtained with a laser polymerization time that was one‐fourth that used for visible light activation. It was concluded that the argon laser is a potentially advantageous means of initiating the polymerization of dental composite resin restorations.
Nd:YAG laser‐Induced interstitial hyperthermia using a long frosted contact probe
Authors: Panjehpour Masoud , Overholt Bergein F. , Milligan Andrew J. , Swaggerty Michael W. , Wilkinson J. Erby , Klebanow Edward R. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe heating potential of a closed loop interstitial hyperthermia system employing 1,064 nm laser light in conjunction with a long frosted contact probe was investigated in hind limb muscle of anesthetized dogs. The laser system was an Nd:YAG surgical laser modified with a single channel thermometry unit, a computer, a printer, and a computer‐controlled laser exposure shutter. The long frosted laser probe was implanted into the muscle, and 3.12–5.00 Watts of laser power was delivered interstitially. Temperature distribution was measured in three dimensions around the frosted probe. The temperature distributions generated by this technique were satisfactory for producin desired hyperthermia temperatures in an approximately 3.5 cm3 cylindrical tissue volume. A multiple laser delivery system is needed to induce interstitial hyperthermia in large tumors.A significant potential for the long frosted contact probe may be its use in combining interstitial hyperthermia and interstitial photodynamic therapy. Using this technique, both modalities may be delivered while employing the same treatment setup.
Endoscopic laser coagulation through an optical laser balloon
Authors: Shimamura Yoshiyuki , Gunvén Peter , Ishii Masanori , Kitai Shouzou , Ono Masato , Okajima Kazuo , Shima Yasou , Ikuta Shigeo , Takahashi Akira , Kitaya Tomoki , Matsuyama Tomoji 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAn endoscope was equipped with a saline‐filled latex rubber balloon at its tip to displace contaminating blood, bile, or gastric contents during operative portoscopy, biliary endoscopy, or upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. A fiber with its tip inside the balloon transmitted energy from an Nd:YAG laser for coagulation of tumors in one bile duct cancer, in six portal vein growths from primary liver cancers, and in a superficially growing stomach cancer. The balloon increased the precision of irradiation by making lesions easier to identify through displacement of bile or blood and by keeping the fiber tip at a fixed position relative to the lesion. The technique, basic experimental studies, and clinical experiences are reported.
Thermally induced optical property changes in myocardium at 1.06 μm
Authors: Derbyshire Garrett J. , Bogen Daniel K. , Unger Michael 
Published: March 2007

AbstractLight in the visible and near‐infrared region is diffusely scattered in tissues by macromolecules. It was therefore hypothesized that tissue coagulation caused by high‐power continuous wave laser irradiation might significantly alter tissue optical properties, resulting in a redistribution of laser energy during the laser ablation process. Infrared transmittance studies confirmed the hypothesis by demonstrating an irreversible decrease in light transmittance (45%) during heating of a 0.75 mm thick slice of tissue. Absorption and scattering coefficients were then determined from transmittance and reflectance measurements on thin slices of raw and coagulated myocardium irradiated with a Nd:YAG laser (1.06 μm). The scattering coefficient was found to increase fourfold (0.427 mm−1 → 1.74 mm−1) during tissue coagulation, while the absorption coefficient remained relatively unchanged (0.044 mm−1 → 0.051 mm−1). Calculations indicate that the coagulation–induced changes in tissue optical properties substantially increase surface back‐scattering and reduce tissue penetration.
Helium‐Neon laser irradiation inhibits the growth of kidney epithelial cells in culture
Authors: Gross Andreas J. , Jelkmann Wolfgang 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe have investigated the in vitro action of helium‐neon (He‐Ne) laser light on the cell cycle and the growth of rat kidney epithelial cell cultures. Dose‐response studies showed that repeated He‐Ne irradiation (dose rate 40 mW/cm2) once a day in a dose range between 11.9 and 142 J/cm2 significantly inhibited cell growth, while daily irradiation with 4.7 J/cm2 had no effect. Microscopic examination of nuclear spreads revealed an increased number of cells in mitosis after a single irradiation with 142 J/cm2. These results support previous observations suggesting that laser light of low thermal energy interferes with cell cycling and may inhibit cell growth when irradiation is performed at doses of 11.9 J/cm2 or more.
Multifiber gradient‐index lens laser angioplasty probe
Authors: Decker‐Dunn Diana , Christensen Douglas A. , Vincent G. Michael 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA novel laser angioplasty probe fabricated with a gradient‐index (GRIN) lens positioned at the tip of a seven‐fiber bundle is presented. The combination of the GRIN lens and the fiberoptic bundle provides selectable optical directionality in either the axial direction or one of six off‐axis directions for illumination of the arterial wall. The probe diameter (1 mm) is small enough for use in coronary laser angioplasty, and the probe is shown to transmit laser light and receive fluorescent signals simultaneously. In a 2 mm diameter lumen, the spot width in a plane normal to the axis of the lens is about 2 mm and the lateral spot size is approximately 10 mm long. The ability to direct the probe's beam pattern angularly should provide flexibility in both diagnosis and treatment.
Percutaneous transcatheter laser balloon ablation from the canine coronary sinus: Implications for the Wolff‐Parkinson‐White syndrome
Authors: Schuger Claudio D. , Steinman Russell T. , Lehmann Michael H. , Schuger Lucia , Boldea Deborah , McMath Linda , Spears J. Richard 
Published: March 2007

AbstractTranscatheter direct current electrical shocks for ablation of left‐sided accessory pathways in Wolff‐Parkinson‐White patients have led to serious complications. We report the feasibility of percutaneous transcatheter laser balloon ablation of left‐sided accessory pathways from the coronary sinus using a 1,064‐nm, continuous wave Nd:YAG laser triple lumen catheter with an optical fiber terminating in a cylindrical diffusing tip within a 2‐cm‐long, 3‐mm‐diameter balloon transparent to Nd:YAG laser radiation. In eight mongrel dogs (18 to 31 kg), the laser balloon catheter was positioned via an 8 French guide catheter in the distal and proximal coronary sinus. During balloon inflation, two to three consecutive laser doses of 30 W × 20 sec were applied to each site (cumulative energy, 1,200 to 1,800 J). Coronary angiog‐raphy, left ventriculography, and coronary sinus injection were performed before and after laser exposure. After percutaneous transcatheter laser balloon ablation, there was no evidence of mitral regurgitation, left circumflex artery, coronary sinus obstruction, or perforation. Coagulation necrosis and/or polymor‐phonuclear infiltrates involving the atrioventricular groove and left atrial wall over a mean length of 17 mm were present in all eight dogs sacrificed 6 ± 1 hr postablation. In conclusion, percutaneous transcatheter laser balloon ablation from the coronary sinus is free of immediate major complications and may be feasible for potential interruption of left‐sided accessory pathways.
Disparate absorption of argon laser radiation by fibrous versus fatty plaque: Implications for laser angioplasty
Authors: Torres Jorge H. , Motamedi Massoud , Welch Ashley J. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe thermal response of white fibrous atheromatous plaque to argon laser irradiation was compared with the thermal response of yellow fatty plaque and normal aortic wall to the same type of radiation. Samples of normal aorta, fibrous, and fatty plaque were irradiated in air with 3.5 Watts of laser power on a 2 mm spot for 5 and 10 seconds. Heterogeneous foci, each covering normal aorta and either fibrous or fatty plaque, were additionally irradiated with 7 Watts on a 1 cm spot for 30 seconds to 2.5 minutes. Tissue surface temperature was monitored during laser irradiation via a 3‐5 μm infrared camera. For the 2 mm spot and 5 second exposure time, argon laser irradiation of normal aorta produced popping and surface tearing at a peak temperature of 145 ± 10°C. Irradiation of fatty plaque produced popping and crater formation at a peak temperature of 200 ± 10°C. However, fibrous plaque was nonablatively discolored by the same dose of laser radiation with a peak temperature of only 85 ± 10°C. Irradiation for 10 seconds caused crater formation and carbonization in the fatty plaque but failed to produce ablation in the fibrous plaque. Irradiation of the heterogeneous foci confirmed the disparity in the temperature attained by these two types of plaque and their degree of damage. Therefore, this study suggests that the ablation threshold for soft atheroma is strongly dependent on the optical properties of the particular type of tissue. Yellow fatty plaque preferentially absorbs argon laser radiation, but white fibrous plaque absorbs this radiation less readily than normal aortic wall.
Traumatic tattoo removal: Comparison of four treatment methods in an animal model with correlation to clinical experience
Authors: Sunde Douglas , Apfelberg David B. , Sergott Thomas 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe acute or emergency treatment of traumatic tattoos has been based on the principles of immediate and thorough removal of all particles. The delayed treatment of traumatic tattoos has classically been with overgrafting or dermabrasion. We developed an animal model for traumatic tattoos. Two levels of wounds were made (shallow and deep). Each group consisted of five guinea pigs with one consistent level of wounding. Four treatment methods were applied carbon dioxide laser, argon laser, overgrafting, and dermabrasion. The results were evaluated by trained observers on a gross basis. Although no statistically significant differences were found within these small groups, clinical experience in a small group of patients suggests that carbon dioxide laser may prove to be useful in the delayed treatment of traumatic tattoos. Eight patients have been treated over a 4‐year period. Satisfactory total or subtotal foreign body removal of various agents (road tar, cement, cooper particles) has been achieved.
Epilation of hair‐Bearing urethral grafts utilizing the neodymium: YAG surgical laser
Authors: Finkelstein Leonard H. , Blatstein Lee M. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractNon‐hair‐bearing skin should be utilized when grafting is necessary in carrying out urethroplasty for stricture or hypospadius repair. Occasionally this is not possible, or hair‐bearing skin is used inadvertently. Traditionally electrocoagulation has been the method used for epilation when intraluminal hair has become a problem, such as interfering with flow, being foci for recurring urinary tract infection, or acting as a nidus for calculus formation. Electrocautery is also used at the time of grafting in an attempt to prevent the growth of hair when hair‐bearing skin is utilized. Unfortunately, because of lack of penetration, the hair follicles are not destroyed and the epilating procedure fails or is only partially successful. The neodymium: YAG (Nd:YAG) surgical laser can photocoagulate tissue to a depth up to 5.0 mm and thus has the ability to destroy hair follicles. We report three cases presenting with clinical problems directly related to hair‐bearing urethral grafts successfully treated by Nd:YAG epilation.
Factors affecting emission collection by surgical smoke evacuators
Authors: Smith Jerome P. , Topmiller Jennifer L. , Shulman Stanley 
Published: March 2007

AbstractGaseous and particulate emissions from laser surgery are often controlled by the use of smoke evacuators. Thus it is important that factors affecting the performance of these evacuators be understood. In this study, a tracer gas technique was used to examine a number of factors affecting the performance of smoke evacuators, including evacuator flow rate, distance from the evacuator nozzle to the surgical site, and direction and speed of external air flow in relation to nozzle flow. The tracer gas technique allowed the release of emissions to be visualized with infrared imaging and also allowed the collection efficiency to be assessed quantitatively. The results were demonstrated with the use of a surgical laser system. It was found that the collection efficiency of the smoke evacuator was affected by all the factors studied. Increasing the evacuator flow rate allowed the collection of emissions under conditions in which lower evacuator flow rates had less efficient collection. The speed and direction of external air flow affected collection of emissions greatly. If the air flow was in the same direction as the nozzle flow, efficient collection of emissions at a distance from the emission release point was observed. However, at other angles relative to nozzle flow, the efficiency degraded rapidly with distance from the emission release site.With the use of the surgical laser system, at laser powers of 30 W, the tracer system predicted the collection of emissions. At 60 and 100 W of laser power, higher external air flows and greater attention to nozzle positioning were necessary. Based on the results of this study, conclusions are drawn on how to improve the collection efficiency of smoke evacuators used in laser surgery.