bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Emergency psychiatry, compulsory admissions and clinical presentation among immigrants to the Netherlands
Authors: Mulder Cornelis L. , Koopmans Gerrit T. , Selten Jean-Paul 
Published: March 2006

BackgroundBlack individuals in the UK have higher rates of contact with psychiatric emergency services than their White counterparts. It is unknown whether this is also the case in other European countries.AimsTo compare the risk of contact with psychiatric emergency services and of compulsory admission between immigrant groups to The Netherlands and Dutch natives, and to determine the unique contribution of ethnicity to compulsory admission.MethodStudy of 720 people referred to emergency psychiatric services in Greater Rotterdam, The Netherlands.ResultsThe relative risks (RRs) for contacts with psychiatric emergency services, for having a psychotic disorder and for compulsory admission were significantly higher in most immigrant groups. Moroccans, Surinamese and Dutch Antilleans had the highest risks of compulsory admission. After controlling for symptom severity, danger, motivation for treatment and level of social functioning, non-Western origin was no longer associated with compulsory admission.ConclusionsNon-Western immigrant groups were overrepresented in psychiatric emergency care and were admitted compulsorily more frequently, possibly owing to a different clinical presentation.
Validation and development of a self-report outcome measure (MAP-sc) in opiate addiction
Authors: Luty Jason , Perry Vincent , Umoh Oken , Gormer Donna 
Published: March 2006

Aims and MethodTo develop and assess the viability of a self-completion version of the Maudsley Addiction Profile for assessing and monitoring the functioning of opioid-dependent patients. A total of 206 treatment-seeking opioid-dependent patients completed the Maudsley Addiction Profile interview and a self-completion version at a single clinic appointment at a substance misuse facility. Scores from both formats were compared using correlation coefficients.ResultsNon-parametric correlation coefficients between interview and self-completion version for alcohol, drug, psychiatric, family and legal problems correlated in excess of 0.7 for the majority of the 20 items that were compared.Clinical ImplicationsA short, self-administered questionnaire version of the Maudsley Addiction Profile is a feasible alternative to the interview for assessing and monitoring treatment of opioid-dependent patients. The questionnaires were usually completed by clients within 15 min. These would be particularly useful in services with very limited staffing time, such as primary care.
Examining the concept of patient satisfaction in patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia: a qualitative study
Authors: Duggins Richard , Shaw Ian 
Published: March 2006

Aims and MethodTen people with a diagnosis of schizophrenia were interviewed. The interviews were analysed qualitatively with the aim of examining the concept of patient satisfaction in the context of a recent in-patient admission.ResultsThe analysis identified two themes that influenced the expression of patient satisfaction: external factors and internal factors. The theme of external factors contained four categories: fear of violence, communication with staff, lack of autonomy and ward routines. The theme of internal factors comprised participants' conceptions and expectations.Clinical ImplicationsThis small study suggests the complexity of the concept of patient satisfaction should be respected in assessing experiences of people with a diagnosis of schizophrenia.
Evaluation of an Alternate Dosing Strategy for Cisplatin in Patients With Extreme Body Surface Area Values
Authors: Loos Walter J. , de Jongh Felix E. , Sparreboom Alex , de Wit Ronald , van Boven-van Zomeren Desiree M. , Stoter Gerrit , Nooter Kees , Verweij Jaap 
Published: March 2006

Purpose The majority of cytotoxic drugs for adults are dosed based on body surface area (BSA), aiming to reduce interpatient variability in drug exposure. We prospectively studied the usefulness of BSA-based dosing of cisplatin in patients at extremes of BSA values. Patients and Methods Patients were randomly assigned to receive a fixed dose of cisplatin in course 1, and a BSA-adjusted dose in course 2, or vice versa. The fixed dose was based on the average BSA for males and females, while extremes were set at BSA values exceeding the average ± 1 standard deviation. Subsequently, we retrospectively analyzed data from a normal population. Results In 25 patients assessable for both courses, the use of a fixed dose of cisplatin resulted in reduced exposure to unbound platinum in patients at the upper extremes of BSA (P = .003) and higher exposures in patients at the lower extremes (P = .009), as compared with exposures following the BSA-adjusted dose. Although clearance was related to BSA (R2 = 0.44; P < .001), only a small reduction in interpatient variability in clearance after correction for BSA was achieved (20.8% v 17.1%). In the retrospective analysis, compared with the average patient, the clearance of unbound platinum in patients with a BSA value ≤ 1.65 m2 was 16% slower (P < .001), while an 18% faster clearance (P < .001) was observed in patients with a BSA value ≥ 2.05 m2. Conclusion Unless better predictors for platinum clearance are identified, fixed-dose regimens per BSA cluster (≤ 1.65 m2; 1.66 m2 to 2.04 m2; ≥ 2.05 m2) are recommended.
Improvement of Overall and Failure-Free Survival in Stage IV Follicular Lymphoma: 25 Years of Treatment Experience at The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center
Authors: Liu Qi , Fayad Luis , Cabanillas Fernando , Hagemeister Fredrick B. , Ayers Gregory D. , Hess Mark , Romaguera Jorge , Rodriguez M. Alma , Tsimberidou Apostolia M. , Verstovsek Srdan , Younes Anas , Pro Barbara , Lee Ming-Sheng , Ayala Ana , McLaughlin Peter 
Published: March 2006

Purpose Advanced-stage follicular lymphoma is considered incurable. The pace of improvements in treatment has been slow. This article analyzes five sequential cohorts of patients with stage IV follicular lymphoma treated between 1972 and 2002. Methods Five consecutive studies (two were randomized trials) involving 580 patients were analyzed for overall survival (OS), failure-free survival (FFS), and survival after first relapse. A proportional hazards analysis, and subset analyses using the follicular lymphoma international prognostic index (FLIPI) score were performed. Treatment regimens included: cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisone, bleomycin (CHOP-Bleo); CHOP-Bleo followed by interferon alfa (IFN-α); a rotation of three regimens (alternating triple therapy), followed by IFN-α; fludarabine, mitoxantrone, dexamethasone (FND) followed by IFN-α; and FND plus delayed versus concurrent rituximab followed by IFN-α. Results Improvements in 5-year OS (from 64% to 95%) and FFS (from 29% to 60%) indicate steady progress, perhaps partly due to more effective salvage therapies, but the FFS data also indicate improved front-line therapies; these observations held true after controlling for differences in prognostic factors among the cohorts. The FLIPI model adds rigor to and facilitates comparisons among the different cohorts. An unexpected finding in this study was a trend toward an apparent FFS plateau. Conclusion Evolving therapy, including the incorporation of biologic agents, has led to stepwise significant outcome improvements for patients with advanced-stage follicular lymphoma. The apparent plateau in the FFS curve, starting approximately 8 to 10 years from the beginning of treatment, raises the issue of the potential curability of these patients.
Phase III Intergroup Study of Fludarabine Phosphate Compared With Cyclophosphamide, Vincristine, and Prednisone Chemotherapy in Newly Diagnosed Patients With Stage III and IV Low-Grade Malignant Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma
Authors: Hagenbeek Anton , Eghbali Houchingue , Monfardini Silvio , Vitolo Umberto , Hoskin Peter J. , de Wolf-Peeters Christiane , MacLennan Ken , Staab-Renner Elvira , Kalmus Joachim , Schott Astrid , Teodorovic Ivana , Negrouk Anastassia , van Glabbeke Martine , Marcus Robert 
Published: March 2006

Purpose To compare the efficacy and safety of fludarabine phosphate with cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and prednisone (CVP) in 381 previously untreated, advanced-stage, low-grade (lg) non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) patients in a phase III, multicenter study. Patients and Methods Between 1993 and 1997, patients were randomly assigned to treatment with either fludarabine (25 mg/m2 intravenously [IV] daily for 5 days every 4 weeks) or CVP (cyclophosphamide 750 mg/m2 IV on day 1; vincristine, 1.4 mg/m2 IV on day 1; and prednisone, 40 mg/m2 orally on days 1 through 5 every 4 weeks). Results Overall response (OR) rates were significantly improved in the fludarabine arm versus the CVP arm, both for the intent-to-treat (ITT) population and assessable patients (P < .001). Complete response (CR) rates in the ITT population were also higher after fludarabine treatment. The CR rate was 38.6% for fludarabine compared with 15.0% for CVP. There were no statistically significant differences in time to progression (TTP), time to treatment failure (TTF), and overall survival (OS) between treatment groups. WHO grades 3 and 4 hematologic adverse events were more common in the fludarabine arm. However, concerning the higher incidence of granulocytopenia, this did not translate to more infections in fludarabine-treated patients. Conclusion Newly diagnosed lgNHL patients who received fludarabine achieved higher OR and CR rates compared with CVP-treated patients. No differences in TTP, TTF, and OS were noted. Fludarabine is a highly active single agent in lgNHL. Combination therapies incorporating fludarabine are now being further evaluated as first-line therapy in follicular NHL.
Treatment Complications in Children Diagnosed With Neuroblastoma During a Screening Program
Authors: Barrette Stéphane , Bernstein Mark L. , Leclerc Jean-Marie , Champagne Martin A. , Samson Yvan , Brossard Josée , Woods William G. 
Published: March 2006

Purpose The Québec Neuroblastoma Screening Program was put in place to investigate the possibility of decreasing mortality from high-risk neuroblastoma through early screening. We assess treatment complications in the patients diagnosed during this screening program. Patients and Methods A total of 476,603 patients born during the screening period were eligible. Parents of 425,838 children (89%) agreed to participate in the 3-week screening, and 73% agreed to participate in the 6-month screening. Forty-five patients had neuroblastoma. We reviewed the medical and research charts for all patients diagnosed by screening. Follow-up was available from 8 to 13 years after screening. Results Forty-five patients were diagnosed by screening. All patients were treated according to the Pediatric Oncology Group recommendations of the time. All patients had surgery, and 29 patients received chemotherapy. No patient died from neuroblastoma. Eleven patients suffered complications from treatment. Two patients had life-threatening complications. Conclusion In view of the lack of impact of screening programs on neuroblastoma mortality, evidence that many of the tumors detected through screening can be observed without treatment and the serious complications that may arise from therapy, we do not support neuroblastoma screening programs for children.
Phase I to II Study of Pleurectomy/Decortication and Intraoperative Intracavitary Hyperthermic Cisplatin Lavage for Mesothelioma
Authors: Richards William G. , Zellos Lambros , Bueno Raphael , Jaklitsch Michael T. , Jänne Pasi A. , Chirieac Lucian R. , Yeap Beow Y. , Dekkers Rene J. , Hartigan Phillip M. , Capalbo Leah , Sugarbaker David J. 
Published: March 2006

Purpose To evaluate morbidity, mortality, maximum-tolerated dose (MTD), and outcome of intraoperative intracavitary hyperthermic cisplatin lavage in patients undergoing pleurectomy for malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM). Patients and Methods Sixty-one patients were prospectively registered. Forty-four resectable patients with MPM underwent pleurectomy, followed by a 1-hour lavage of the resection cavity with dose-escalated cisplatin (50, 100, 150, 175, 200, 225, and 250 mg/m2) at 42°C and then intravenous sodium thiosulfate (16 g/m2 over 6 hours). Survival estimates were compared using the log-rank test and proportional hazards regression. Results Median age was 71 years (range, 50 to 82 years). Twenty-four patients had epithelial tumors, and 20 had sarcomatous or mixed histology. Postoperative mortality was 11% (five of 44 patients). Dose-limiting renal toxicity occurred at 250 mg/m2, establishing the MTD at 225 mg/m2. Other morbidity included atrial fibrillation (14 of 44 patients, 32%) and deep venous thrombosis (four of 44 patients, 9%). Median survival time of all registered patients was 9 months, and the median survival time of resected patients was 13 months. Survival estimates differed significantly for resectable patients exposed to low doses (50 to 150 mg/m2; n = 9; median, 6 months) versus high doses (175 to 250 mg/m2; n = 35; median, 18 months) of hyperthermic cisplatin (P = .0019); recurrence-free interval also differed significantly (4 v 9 months, respectively; P < .0001). Low dose level (relative risk = 3.418) and nonepithelial histology (relative risk = 2.336) were independent risk factors for poor survival. Twenty patients with epithelial tumors who underwent high-dose cisplatin lavage had a 26-month median survival time. Conclusion Pleurectomy and high-dose intraoperative intracavitary hyperthermic cisplatin lavage is feasible in this patient population with restricted surgical options. An apparent dose-related survival benefit warrants further study.
Identification of Follicle-Stimulating Hormone-Selective β-Strands in the N-Terminal Hormone-Binding Exodomain of Human Gonadotropin Receptors
Authors: Vischer Henry F. , Granneman Joke C. M. , Bogerd Jan 
Published: March 2006

AbstractGlycoprotein hormone receptors contain large N-terminal extracellular domains (ECDs) that distinguish these receptors from most other G protein-coupled receptors. Each glycoprotein hormone receptor ECD consists of a curved leucine-rich repeat domain flanked by N- and C-terminal cysteine-rich regions. Selectivity of the different glycoprotein hormone receptors for their cognate hormones is exclusively determined by their ECDs and, in particular, their leucine-rich repeat domain. To identify human (h)FSH-selective determinants we used a gain-of-function mutagenesis strategy in which β-strands of the hLH receptor (hLH-R) were substituted with their hFSH receptor (hFSH-R) counterparts. Introduction of hFSH-R β-strand 1 into hLH-R conferred responsiveness to hFSH, whereas hLH-R mutants harboring one of the other hFSH-R β-strands displayed none or very limited sensitivity to hFSH. However, combined substitution of hFSH-R β-strand 1 and some of the other hFSH-R β-strands further increased the sensitivity of the mutant hLH-R to hFSH. The apparent contribution of multiple hFSH-R β-strands in providing a selective hormone binding interface corresponds well with their position in relation to hFSH as recently determined in the crystal structure of hFSH in complex with part of the hFSH-R ECD.
Calcitonin Increases Tumorigenicity of Prostate Cancer Cells: Evidence for the Role of Protein Kinase A and Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Receptor
Authors: Thomas Shibu , Chigurupati Srinivasulu , Anbalagan Muralidharan , Shah Girish 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe expression of human (h) calcitonin (CT) and its receptor (CTR) is localized to basal epithelium in benign prostates but is distributed in whole epithelium of malignant prostates. Moreover, the abundance of hCT and CTR mRNA in primary prostate tumors positively correlates with the tumor grade. We tested the hypothesis that the modulation of endogenous hCT expression of prostate cancer (PC) cell lines alters their oncogenicity. The effect of modulation of hCT expression on oncogenic characteristics was examined in LNCaP and PC-3M cell lines. The endogenous hCT expression was modulated using either constitutively active expression vector containing hCT cDNA or anti-hCT hammerhead ribozymes. The changes in the oncogenicity of cell sublines was assessed with cell proliferation assays, invasion assays, colony formation assays, and in vivo growth in athymic nude mice. Up-regulation of hCT in PC-3M cells and or enforced hCT expression in LNCaP cells dramatically enhanced their oncogenic characteristics. In contrast, the down-regulation of hCT in PC-3M cells led to a dramatic decline in their oncogenicity. These results, when combined with our other results, that the expression of hCT in primary PCs increase with tumor grade, suggest an important role for hCT in the progression of PC to a metastatic phenotype.
Anti-Cardiolipin Antibodies and Overall Survival in a Large Cohort: Preliminary Report
Authors: Endler Georg , Marsik Claudia , Jilma Bernd , Schickbauer Thomas , Vormittag Rainer , Wagner Oswald , Mannhalter Christine , Rumpold Helmut , Pabinger Ingrid 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
Background: Anti-cardiolipin antibodies have been associated with both arterial and venous thrombosis, but their overall impact on all-cause or vascular mortality is unknown. In this study, we evaluated the influence of anti-cardiolipin antibodies on all-cause and vascular mortality.
Methods: All individuals who fulfilled the inclusion criteria (completeness of data, no admission from an intensive care unit, unique identification with name and date of birth) and whose anti-cardiolipin antibodies were measured between October 2002 and February 2004 were included in this study (n = 4756; 64% female; median age, 46 years). Death/survival and cause of death were obtained from the Austrian Death Registry. The median observation period was 1.5 years, and the study comprised 7189 person-years.
Results: During the study period, 184 patients (3.9%) died. There were no associations between either anti-cardiolipin IgM or IgG antibodies and both vascular death and noncancer mortality as outcome variables in a Cox regression analysis adjusted for age and sex. In contrast, the risk of cancer-related mortality was increased 2.6-fold.
Conclusions: Anti-cardiolipin antibodies are associated with cancer mortality, likely as an epiphenomenon of malignancy, but they are not predictive of vascular mortality or noncancer mortality. Hence, although a clear association between anti-cardiolipin antibodies and (mostly nonfatal) vascular events has been described in the literature, our data indicate that this finding is not necessarily associated with an increase in vascular mortality.
SEARCHing for an Answer: The Critical Role of New Literacies While Reading on the Internet
Authors: Henry Laurie A. 
Published: March 2006

It is increasingly clear that the Internet will be the defining technology for reading, writing, and communication in the 21st century. But without the ability to locate information in an efficient and effective manner, students' access to information on the Internet is limited. This article introduces SEARCH, a strategy classroom teachers can use to assist students in becoming better searchers. SEARCH includes setting a purpose, employing effective search strategies, analyzing search engine results, reading critically and synthesizing information, citing sources, and a reflective component in which students ask “How successful was the search?” in order to review the success of the techniques implemented.Additional resources that provide practice in searching for information on the Internet are also presented.
Fostering Flexibility and Comprehension in Elementary Students
Authors: Cartwright Kelly B. 
Published: March 2006

Skilled reading requires attention to many aspects of print at the same time. Some children demonstrate difficulty in attending flexibly to multiple features of print, often focusing solely on decoding or word‐level information. These children often lack the insight that reading is more than decoding; they have a difficult time thinking about words as having both meaning and sound.This article reviews work that shows how children can be taught to think more about both words' sounds and their meanings, resulting in increased flexibility and comprehension for these children. Further, the article provides teachers with a simple strategy for helping students achieve increased flexibility in reading processes to aid them in making the transition to more fluent reading.
Yes, There Is Room for Soup in the Curriculum: Achieving Accountability in a Collaboratively Planned Writing Program
Authors: Engel Trudie , Streich Russell 
Published: March 2006

This article describes how one U.S. school district created a planned writing curriculum to provide strong, cohesive instruction for all students. Because of teacher preferences, some children received little instruction in expository writing, and scores on the state writing assessment fluctuated widely. The authors focus on how all teachers came together and hammered out a systematic writing program that took long‐taught, favorite projects (such as making soup) and put them into a process writing format. Teachers agreed to take each workshop at least through the revision step, and rubrics in student‐friendly language were created. Uniformity in content, instructional strategies, time spent on writing, and assessment was thus achieved.Key points in developing the curriculum were inclusiveness, with all teachers participating, and flexibility of implementation. A teacher survey indicated a high degree of satisfaction with the program, and writing samples showed a noticeable improvement in targeted areas. Student writing included in the article demonstrates proficiency in previously neglected organizational skills at all grade levels. The authors also give suggestions for adapting the collaborative process described.
What Do the Kids Think?
Authors: Pachtman Andrew B. , Wilson Karen A. 
Published: March 2006

Can students identify the practices that motivate them to read? If asked to evaluate which components of a reading program are beneficial in motivating them, can they identify a particular practice and explain why it was helpful? These were the two major questions asked of 22 fifth‐grade students reflecting on their fourth‐grade experience. A survey was developed to elicit students' reflections and opinions on 18 components of a fourth‐grade reading program.These components fell into five categories:
Proximity and access to books
Routines and procedures
Reading strategies
Individual preferences
Student accountability and record‐keeping
The students rated each practice as “very important,” “important,” “not very important,” or “not important,” based on how much each influenced their reading attitudes and habits. According to the students, “proximity and access to books” was the most valued component of the reading program. Eighty‐six percent of the students ranked having a lot of books in the classroom library as “most important.” They appreciated being able to find books immediately.
Using Theater Games to Enhance Language Arts Learning
Authors: Fennessey Sharon 
Published: March 2006

Integrating drama and language arts lessons can provide the necessary opportunities for the development of language in an exciting and pleasurable way. Using drama as part of daily instruction gives elementary and middle‐level students an opportunity to practice oral language, improving fluency and pronunciation. Theater games also improve social skills. With regular participation, the learners develop confidence, cooperation, and concentration—attributes that provide the foundation for more elaborate drama activities. The classroom teacher does not need to be a drama specialist to lead a successful drama session. Many theater games are simple, fun, and easy to learn.Each drama activity in this article has detailed directions. The five games described have a specific language arts focus. These games are a small sampling of drama activities, but they suggest what is possible with drama for promoting language literacy.