bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RNA interference–mediated cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition prevents prostate cancer cell growth and induces differentiation: modulation of neuronal protein synaptophysin, cyclin D1, and androgen receptor
Authors: Narayanan Bhagavathi A. , Narayanan Narayanan K. , Davis Leland , Nargi Dominick 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) plays an important role in tumor development and progression. Inconsistent reports on the expression of COX-2 in early versus advanced prostate cancer raised the question on whether COX-2 inhibition affects prostate carcinogenesis. Evidence from recent studies indicates that prostate carcinogenesis depends on the altered expression of several factors including androgen receptor signaling, proinflammatory, and cell cycle regulatory genes. Very often, the outcome of androgen ablation treatment is not effective and, eventually, the cancer becomes androgen independent followed by activation of several survival genes and transcription factors. Most importantly, the extent of the influence of COX-2 on the regulation of the androgen receptor, cyclin D1, and other factors involved in cancer growth is not known. Using RNA interference–mediated COX-2 inhibition in metastatic prostate cancer cells, this study has shown that the silencing of COX-2 at the mRNA level can induce cell growth arrest and down-regulate androgen receptor and cyclin D1. We have further shown for the first time that COX-2 knockdown prostate cancer cells depict morphologic changes associated with enhanced expression of differentiation markers, particularly the neuronal protein synaptophysin along with activation of p21(Waf1/Cip1) and p27(Kip1). In summary, our findings determined the role of COX-2 in prostate carcinogenesis and its control on COX-2-independent targets. Second, abrogation of COX-2 and activation of synaptophysin provide evidence for the control of COX-2 on the expression of a neuronal protein. Finally, our findings provide evidence of COX-2-independent targets promoting cell growth arrest and differentiation in cells lacking COX-2 expression at the mRNA level. [Mol Cancer Ther 2006;5(5):1117–25]
Resveratrol-caused apoptosis of human prostate carcinoma LNCaP cells is mediated via modulation of phosphatidylinositol 3′-kinase/Akt pathway and Bcl-2 family proteins
Authors: Aziz Moammir H. , Nihal Minakshi , Fu Vivian X. , Jarrard David F. , Ahmad Nihal 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
Prostate cancer is a major health problem in the U.S. and the available treatment and surgical options have proven to be inadequate in controlling the mortality and morbidity associated with this disease. It is therefore necessary to intensify our efforts to better understand this disease and develop novel approaches for its prevention and treatment. This study was conducted to evaluate the chemopreventive/antiproliferative potential of resveratrol (trans-3,4′,5,-trihydroxystilbene) against prostate cancer and its mechanism of action. Treatment with resveratrol (0–50 μmol/L for 24 hours) resulted in a significant (a) decrease in cell viability, (b) decrease of clonogenic cell survival, (c) inhibition of androgen (R1881)-stimulated growth, and (d) induction of apoptosis in androgen-responsive human prostate carcinoma (LNCaP) cells. Interestingly, at similar concentrations, resveratrol treatment did not affect the viability or rate of apoptosis in normal human prostate epithelial cells. Furthermore, our data showed that resveratrol-treatment resulted in significant dose-dependent inhibition in the constitutive expression of phosphatidylinositol 3′-kinase and phosphorylated (active) Akt in LNCaP cells. Resveratrol treatment for LNCaP cells was also found to result in a significant (a) loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, (b) inhibition in the protein level of antiapoptotic Bcl-2, and (c) increase in proapoptotic members of the Bcl-2 family, i.e., Bax, Bak, Bid, and Bad. Taken together, our data suggested that resveratrol causes an inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 3′-kinase/Akt activation that, in turn, results in modulations in Bcl-2 family proteins in such a way that the apoptosis of LNCaP cells is promoted. Based on these studies, we suggest that resveratrol could be developed as an agent for the management of prostate cancer. [Mol Cancer Ther 2006;5(5):1335–41]
Activation of membrane androgen receptors potentiates the antiproliferative effects of paclitaxel on human prostate cancer cells
Authors: Kampa Marilena , Kogia Christina , Theodoropoulos Panayiotis A. , Anezinis Ploutarchos , Charalampopoulos Ioannis , Papakonstanti Evangelia A. , Stathopoulos Efstathios N. , Hatzoglou Anastassia , Stournaras Christos , Gravanis Achille , Castanas Elias 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
Genomic signaling mechanisms require a relatively long time to get into action and represent the main way through which steroid hormones affect target cells. In addition, steroids may rapidly activate cellular functions by non-genomic signaling mechanisms involving membrane sites. Understanding in depth the molecular mechanisms of the non-genomic action represents an important frontier for developing new and more selective pharmacologic tools for endocrine therapies. In the present study, we report that membrane-impermeable testosterone-bovine serum albumin (BSA) acts synergistically with paclitaxel in modifying actin and tubulin cytoskeleton dynamics in LNCaP (androgen sensitive) and DU-145 (androgen insensitive) human prostate cancer cell lines. In addition, coincubation of either cell line with testosterone-BSA and paclitaxel induced inhibition of cell proliferation and apoptosis. Finally, in vivo experiments in LNCaP and DU-145 tumor xenografts in nude mice showed that both agents decrease tumor mass, whereas testosterone-BSA enhances the effect of paclitaxel. Our findings suggest that chronic activation of membrane androgen receptors in vitro and in vivo facilitates and sustains for a longer time the antitumoral action of cytoskeletal acting agents. [Mol Cancer Ther 2006;5(5):1342–51]
1,1-Bis(3′-indolyl)-1-(p-substituted phenyl)methanes inhibit colon cancer cell and tumor growth through PPARγ-dependent and PPARγ-independent pathways
Authors: Chintharlapalli Sudhakar , Papineni Sabitha , Safe Stephen 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
1,1-Bis(3′-indolyl)-1-(p-substituted phenyl)methanes containing p-trifluoromethyl, t-butyl, and phenyl [1,1-bis(3′-indolyl)-1-(p-phenyl)methane (DIM-C-pPhC6H5)] substituents induce peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ)–mediated transactivation in SW480 colon cancer cells. These PPARγ-active compounds also inhibit cell proliferation and modulate some cell cycle proteins. At concentrations from 2.5 to 7.5 μmol/L, the PPARγ agonists induce caveolin-1 and phosphorylation of Akt and cotreatment with the PPARγ antagonist GW9662 inhibited the induction response. In contrast, higher concentrations (10 μmol/L) of 1,1-bis(3′-indolyl)-1-(p-substituted phenyl)methanes containing 1,1-bis(3′-indolyl)-1-(p-trifluoromethyl)methane and DIM-C-pPhC6H5 induce apoptosis, which is PPARγ independent. This was accompanied by loss of caveolin-1 induction but induction of proapoptotic nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug activated gene-1. In athymic nude mice bearing SW480 cell xenografts, DIM-C-pPhC6H5 inhibits tumor growth at doses of 20 and 40 mg/kg/d and immunohistochemical staining of the tumors showed induction of apoptosis and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug activated gene-1 expression. Thus, the indole-derived PPARγ-active compounds induce both receptor-dependent and receptor-independent responses in SW480 cells, which are separable over a narrow range of concentrations. This dual mechanism of action enhances their antiproliferative and anticancer activities. [Mol Cancer Ther 2006;5(5):1362–70]
Recent Advances in Design for Environment at Motorola
Authors: Hoffman William F. 
Published: May 2006

SummaryMotorola is a large electronics company that uses design for environment (DfE) t o address our customers' environmental needs. In working to integrate environmental considerations into product design, Motorola has encountered new challenges in product design, and as a result has had to develop new frameworks and employ new analytical tools. This article describes those challenges and Motorola's efforts to date. The examination of how products are designed in Motorola led to the realization that there are distinct phases in design: concept development, detail design, and prototype manufacture. In the earlier phases where the greatest flexibility for product reconfiguration exists, there is the least amount of detailed information available for use in making environmental assessments. In an effort to match the data availability to the environmental assessment needs, Motorola developed a tiered approach to DE using a matrix‐based abridged life‐cycle assessment (LCA) in the concept development stage, a scoring system based in part on multiattribute value theory in the detail design stage, and potentially full‐scale life‐cycle assessment in the prototype manufacturing stage.
Chlorine in the Netherlands, Part I, An Overview
Authors: Kleijn René , Tukker Arnold , van der Voet Ester 
Published: May 2006

SummaryOver the last decade debate among environmental pressure groups, industry, and the authorities overthe threat posed by chlorine has become extremely polarized. In response, the Dutch minister of the environment commissioned a strategic study on chlorine. The first phase of the study described in this article, was designed as a substance flow analysis, encompassing some 99% of the flows of chlorinated hydrocarbons (CHC) in the Netherlands. The study provided an overview of flows of CHC through the Dutch anthroposphere and to inventory the leaks to the environment. Emissions, wastestreams, exports, imports, and flows through the anthroposphere were inventoried, drawing on all possible sources including the Dutch emission registration database, life‐cycle assessment (LCA) databases, and industrial data. Emissions were evaluated using the characterization step from LCA methodology. Emissions with toxicological effects were also evaluated on the basis of actual risk assessments of the National Institute of Public Health and Environmental Protection (RIVM).This resulted in the establishment of six groups of priority segments in the Dutch chlorine chain, for which additional measures will be prepared. The study showed that the environmental groups' pronouncements about the structural dangers associated with the chlorine chain are not supported by current knowledge. The study however; also indicates that important areas of uncertainty require attention, especially relating to the possible emissions of persistent bioaccumulating toxic micropollutants.
Informing the Green Consumer: The Debate Over the Use and Abuse of Environmental Labels
Authors: Salzman James 
Published: May 2006

SummaryThird‐party environmental labeling programs continue to develop around the world. They are being increasingly challenged at the policy level, however; by a well‐organized industry opposition claiming that the labels do not identify environmentally superior goods and are subject to abuse as protectionist trade barriers. Ecolabels' effectiveness in the marketplace still has not been empirically proven, although industry interest remains high and in certain cases labels appear to have influenced product design. There is little empirical evidence labels have acted as trade barriers, and negotiations within the World Trade Organization are stalemated. The International Organization for Standardization is developing standards for ecolabeling programs that may influence their status under intemational trade law. The Forest Stewardship Council, a nongovernmental umbrella group certifying sustainably harvested timber; remains the leader in this sector of resource labels. Intense industry interest in environmental labels likely arises out of fear that labels will be used as protectionist nontarifftrade barriers and, more important that label criteria will be adopted as the basis for government public procurement programs.
The Importance of LCAs—Warts and All
Authors: Ehrenfeld John R. 
Published: May 2006

SummaryLife‐cycle assessment (LCA) is a new method for exploring the environmental implications of human action. Like all methods, it is analytically limited and consequently it must be used with caution. Recent papers have criticized LCA and caution against its use in all but a few narrow applications. Even while accepting many of these arguments, this article argues that LCAs, like other analytic frameworks used in the policy and planning domains, have important uses in shaping the processes by which both products and policies are designed. The arguments made against the use of LCAs omit comparisons to realistic appraisals of alternative and competing methods of environmental assessment.
Searching for Leverage to Conserve Forests: The Industrial Ecology of Wood Products in the United States
Authors: Wernick Iddo K. , Waggoner Paul E. , Ausubel Jesse H. 
Published: May 2006

SummaryThe forest and the creatures it shelters exemplify nature, and logging exemplifies the impacts of humans. In the 1990s Americans annually removed 70% more timber from the forest than in 1900. Since I900 population rose more than three times and gross domestic product (GDP) per person almost five. Despite more people, affluence, and logging, U.S. forest area remained constant. Since mid‐century, standing timber volume me nearly 30%. Consumers, millers, and foresters, responding to changes in style, ethics, and technology, have contributed to these outcomes. We examine the role of each actor in the industrial ecology of forests for their leverage for sparing forests. Consumers lessened their use of wood products per GDP (Intensity of Use) during the century by 2.5% annually to offset expanding population and GDP per person, a trend that will level or lower timber consumption if population and affluence grow as expected. Millers became highly efficient at utilizing wood and recycled fiber for their material or energy, a success that limits their fcrture leverage. Foresters have leverage to grow trees faster and thus use less forest land to grow and harvest timber. Steady or declining demand for trees coupled to productive forests could spare more US. forest land for sequestering carbon, ecosystem services, and habit for nature.
Life‐Cycle Assessment in the Service Industries
Authors: Graedel Thomas E. 
Published: May 2006

SummaryDespite the dominant role service industries play in modern society, those industries have by and large not been involved in the strong efforts underway to create environmentally responsible operations. Part of the reason is that the role of these industries as driving factors in resource flows has not been recognized. Perhaps more important, no common framework for assessing the environmental responsibility of service industries has been established. This article provides such a framework and applies it to a generic service industry: automotive repair. Among the results are that evaluation must take different forms for different types of services, and that the approaches of service industries to the use of buildings and equipment will require innovative solutions quite unlike those advocated for the “greening” of manufacturing operations.
The Factor X Debate: Setting Targets for Eco‐Efficiency
Authors: Reijnders Lucas 
Published: May 2006

SummaryThe quantification and achievement of eco‐efficiency or dematerialization in the form of a factor X, with X varying between 4 and 50 is being espoused by a variety of analysts and advocates. Politically, these efforts are mainly confined to some European countries. They reflect a remarkable technological optimism. This article reviews some of the major issues pertinent to the factor X debate. The case is presented for quantifying dematerialization or eco‐efficiency goals using a factor X. It is also found that the factor X lacks precision as yet, and that there is only limited interest in the possibilrty that achievable values for X may vary widely among economic activities given technological constraints. There is no agreement whether technological improvement alone will be sufficient to achieve a factor X in practice for economies as a whole. It seems likely, however; that government‐driven technology forcing will be necessary to achieve a factor X in practical terms, especially when X is relatively large.
Is Environmental Improvement in Automotive Component Design Highly Constrained?
Authors: Keoleian Gregory A. 
Published: May 2006

SummaryThis article investigates the influence of environmental, cost, and performance requirements on the design and management of automotive components through a case study involving instrument panels. To address the question of whether the environmental improvement of an instrument panel (IP) is highly constrained, a lifecycle inventory analysis is used to characterize the major environmental burdens associated with a generic IP defined from an average of three midsized vehicle models. A life‐cycle cost analysis is also conducted to understand the market forces operating in the domains of the original equipment manufacturer; consumer; and end‐of‐life (EOL) vehicle managen. This study indicates that the existing set of environmental requirements, in conjunction with current cost drivers and the large set of manufacturing and use phase functional performance requirements, highly constrain opportunities for environmental improvement Specific improvement strategies‐lightweighting, elimination of the painting operation, and reduction in material complexity‐are examined in the context of existing system requirements. The near‐term forecast for improvements is not optimistic. Innovation will continue in a slow and piecemeal fashion until requirements affecting the total vehicle system are significantly changed
Mensch and Mesh
Authors: Ruth Matthias 
Published: May 2006

SummaryThis article discusses several relationships between technologies, industries, and socioeconomic institutions that are central to the emerging field of industrial ecology but as of yet have found little recognition. Special attention is given to the history of changes in the complexity of technologies and socioeconomic institutions, methods for dealing with this complexity conceptually and in the context of decision making, and interrelationships between technology and policy choice at various levels of system organization. On the basis of that discussion, new roles for systems thinking and modeling, systems engineering, and technology and industrial policy are identified to promote the development of industrial ecosystems that minimize their environmental impacts.
Reuse of Electric Motors in Consumer Products
Authors: Klausner Markus , Grimm Wolfgang M. , Hendrickson Chris 
Published: May 2006

SummaryProduct takeback calls for sound strategies of product recovery management One such strategy‐is the reuse of the components of a product. There are consumer products such as power tools whose most expensive component, the electric motor; offers potential for reuse. Empirical evidence reveals that the lifetime of a motor often exceeds the life‐time of the product using it. This article focuses on the reuse of electric motors. For this purpose, a novel circuit was developed that measures, computes, and records parameters strongly correlated with the degradation of a motor during the use stage of the product. This circuit, called electronic data log (EDL), provides valuable insights into the usage patterns of products. The data recorded during the use stage are retrieved after product takeback as a basis for reuse decisions. In this article, the trade‐off between higher initial manufacturing cost caused by the EDL and cost savings from the reuse of used motors is analyzed. The problem of misclassifications of used motors is also addressed. It is shown that the return rate of used products is the critical parameter determining the economic efficiency of a motorreuse strategy based on EDLs. The analysis shows that the implementation of EDLs in products as an enabler for motor reuse may be associated with large cost savings
Society's Metabolism
Authors: Fischer‐Kowalski Marina , Hüttler Walter 
Published: May 2006

Summary“Societal metabolism” provides the appropriate conceptual basis for the rapidly growing development and analylical and policy interest in materials flow analysis (MFA). Following the review of the earlier intellectual background of societal metabolism in the first installment of this two‐part article, this paper focuses on the current state of the art by examining more recent research referring t o societal metabolism in terms of material and substance flows. An operational classification of the literature according to frame of reference (socioeconomic system, ecosystem), system level (global, national, regional, functional, temporal), and types of flows under consideration (materials, energy, substances) highlights some of its characteristic features. There follows an integrated discussion of some of the major conceptual and methodological properties of MFA, with a particular focus on the field of bulk materials flows on a national level, comparing the major empirical results. Finally, the theoretical stringency research productivity, and political relevance of the MFA‐related studies are assessed.
Lucent Industrial Ecology Faculty Fellowship Program
Authors: Laudwe Robert A. , Taylor‐Smith Ralph E. 
Published: May 2006

SummaryIn this report, we review the Lucent Foundation‐funded Industrial Ecology Fellowship Program for the 1992‐I997 period and summarize the program genesis and history. During that period, 33 fellowships were awarded. This article gives a complete listing of funded faculty fellows and their research topics, which range from physical science and engineering to economics, public policy, and law. We assess the program impacts and present an objective evaluation of the widespread influence and consequences of Lucent Foundation support of the emerging paradigm of industrial ecology. In addition, we discuss future directions for the field and emphasize the significance of total quality management concepts in the reduction of industrial ecology principles to practice.
Learning before Doing
Authors: Rejeski David 
Published: May 2006

SummaryOver the past decade, advances in computing, combined with new techniques for virtual prototyping and simulation, have altered our approach to the areas of training, design, and product and process development. Taken collectively these capabilities represent one of the most significant changes in the production paradigm since the beginning of mass production and one with important implications for the environment. These advances need to be viewed as more than just a new set of tools in the industrial ecology tool box They provide the basis for a fundamental shift in how we learn and solve environmental problems‐an opportunity to move from learning too late to learning before doing. Industrial ecology can embrace and articulate this new framework for learning and apply it broadly to the challenge of facilitating social and technological change and innovation in an increasingly complex world.
Book
Authors: Rogich Donald G. 
Published: May 2006

SummaryRelationships Are Important: Accounting for Resources, 1: Economy‐Wide Applications of Mass Balance Principles to Materials and Waste, by Robert U. Ayres and Leslie W. AyresRelationships Are Important: Accounting for Resources, 2: The Life Cycles of Materials, by Robert U.Ayres and Leslie W. Ayres
Book
Authors: Orr David 
Published: May 2006

Ecodemia: Campus Environmental Stewardship at the Turn of the 21st Century: Lessons in Smart Management from Administrators, Staff, and Students, by Julian KeniryGreen Investment, Green Return: How Practical Conservation Projects Save Millions on America's Campuses by David J. Eagan and Julian KeniryGreening of the Ivory Tower by Sarah Hammond CreightonImplementing Sustainable Development at University Level: A Manual of Good Practice edited by Walter Leal Filho Frances MacDermott, and Jenny Padgham