bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Raman spectroscopy of the ilmenite–geikielite solid solution
Authors: Breitenfeld Laura B. , Dyar M. Darby , Tokle Leif , Robertson Kevin 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Ilmenite (Fe2+TiO3) and geikielite (MgTiO3) are important terrestrial minerals relevant to the geology of the Earth, the Moon, Mars, and meteorite samples. Raman spectroscopy is a powerful technique that allows for mineral cation determination for the ilmenite–geikielite solid solution. We report on a suite of nine samples within the ilmenite–geikielite solid solution and provide context for their quantitative interpretation. We compare a univariate Raman peak position model for predicting ilmenite composition with a multivariate machine learning model. The univariate model is currently recommended, though the multivariate model may become superior if the data set size is increased. This study lays the groundwork for quantifying Fe (ilmenite) and Mg (geikielite) within oxide minerals using a cheap, portable, and efficient technology like Raman spectroscopy.
Occurrence of sulfate-reducing bacteria in well water: identification of anaerobic sulfidogenic bacterial enrichment cultures
Authors: Üstüntürk-Onan Miray , Tüccar Tuğçe , Ilhan-Sungur Esra 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Bacteriological studies of well water mainly focus on aerobic and facultative aerobic coliform bacteria. However, the presence of obligate anaerobic bacteria in well water, especially sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB), possible causative agents of some diseases, is often ignored. In this study, the presence of SRB and coexisting anaerobic bacteria with SRB in sulfate-reducing enrichment cultures obtained from 10 well water samples in Istanbul was investigated. A nested polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis strategy was performed to characterize the bacterial community structure of the enrichments. The most probable number method was used to determine SRB number. Out of 10, SRB growth was observed in only one (10%) enrichment culture and the SRB number was low (&lt;10 cells/mL). Community members were identified as Desulfolutivibrio sulfodismutans and Anaerosinus sp. The results show that SRB coexist with Anaerosinus sp., and this may indicate poor water quality, posing a risk to public health. Furthermore, Anaerosinus sp., found in the human intestinal tract, may be used as an alternative anaerobic fecal indicator. It is worth noting that the detection of bacteria using molecular analyzes following enrichment culture techniques can bring new perspectives to determine the possible origin and presence of alternative microbial indicators in aquatic environments.
Water quality prediction using ARIMA-SSA-LSTM combination model
Authors: Wang Tingyu , Chen Wei , Tang Bo 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT

The water quality index model is a popular tool for evaluating drinking water quality. To overcome low precision and significant errors in the traditional single prediction model, a novel autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA)-sparrow search algorithm (SSA)-long short-term memory (LSTM) combination model is proposed to accurately predict residual chlorine, turbidity, and pH in drinking water. First, the ARIMA model is used to extract the linear part of water quality data and output the nonlinear residual. Then, the LSTM model is used to predict the residual, and the SSA is used to find the optimal hyperparameters of the LSTM model, which plays an essential role in reducing the error of the model. To prove the superiority of the model developed, the ARIMA-SSA-LSTM model is compared with SSA-LSTM, whale optimization algorithm-LSTM, PSO-LSTM, ARIMA-LSTM, ARIMA, and LSTM. The results show that the coefficient of determination (R2) of the combination model for residual chlorine, turbidity, and pH are 0.950, 0.990, and 0.998, respectively, which are greater than all comparison models. Therefore, the model is more suitable for the prediction and analysis of water quality data.
Applications of different types of heat pipes in solar desalinations: A comprehensive review
Authors: Ben Bacha Habib , Nazari Mohammad Alhuyi , Ullah Naeem , Shah Nehad Ali 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT

Desalination processes are energy consuming and it is required to apply clean energy sources for supplying them to prevent environmental issues. Solar energy is one of the attractive clean energy sources for desalination. In solar thermal desalination systems, different thermal components could be used for heat transfer purpose. In solar desalination technologies, heat pipe as efficient heat transfer mediums could be employed to transfer absorbed and/or stored thermal energy. The objective of this study is to review applications of heat pipes in solar energy desalination systems. Regarding the performance dependency of these thermal systems on the variety of factors, scholars have investigated these systems by consideration of the effect of different influential factors. Based on the results, it is concluded that use of heat pipes could lead to proper performance of solar desalination systems. Aside from direct transfer of absorbed heat from solar radiation, heat pipes can be applied in the storage units of solar desalination systems to keep the systems active in night-hours or low solar irradiation conditions. The overall performance of the solar desalinations systems with heat pipes can be influenced by some factors such as filling ratio and operating fluid that affect the performance of heat pipes.
Ascorbic acid enhanced the circulation between Fe(II) and Fe(III) in peroxymonosulfate system for fluoranthene degradation
Authors: Zhang Longbin , Gao Jianxiong , Liu Yulong , Zhou Zhengyuan , Sheng Xianxian , Li Dexiao , Chen Yuantian , Lyu Shuguang 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT

In this research, ascorbic acid (AA) was used to enhance Fe(II)/Fe(III)-activated permonosulfate (PMS) systems for the degradation of fluoranthene (FLT). AA enhanced the production of ROS in both PMS/Fe(II) and PMS/Fe(III) systems through chelation and reduction and thus improved the degradation performance of FLT. The optimal molar ratio in PMS/Fe(II)/AA/FLT and PMS/Fe(III)/AA/FLT processes were 2/2/4/1 and 5/10/5/1, respectively. In addition, the experimental results on the effect of FLT degradation under different groundwater matrixes indicated that PMS/Fe(III)/AA system was more adaptable to different water quality conditions than the PMS/Fe(II)/AA system. was the major reactive oxygen species (ROS) responsible for FLT removal through the probe and scavenging tests in both systems. Furthermore, the degradation intermediates of FLT were analyzed using gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and the probable degradation pathways of FLT degradation were proposed. In addition, the removal of FLT was also tested in actual groundwater and the results showed that by increasing the dose and pre-adjusting the solution pH, 88.8 and 100% of the FLT was removed for PMS/Fe(II)/AA and PMS/Fe(III)/AA systems. The above experimental results demonstrated that PMS/Fe(II)/AA and PMS/Fe(III)/AA processes have a great perspective in practice for the rehabilitation of FLT-polluted groundwater.
Optimizing neural network algorithms for submerged membrane bioreactor: A comparative study of OVAT and RSM hyperparameter optimization techniques
Authors: Ibrahim Syahira , Abdul Wahab Norhaliza 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
Hyperparameter tuning is an important process to maximize the performance of any neural network model. This present study proposed the factorial design of experiment for screening and response surface methodology to optimize the hyperparameter of two artificial neural network algorithms. Feed-forward neural network (FFNN) and radial basis function neural network (RBFNN) are applied to predict the permeate flux of palm oil mill effluent. Permeate pump and transmembrane pressure of the submerge membrane bioreactor system are the input variables. Six hyperparameters of the FFNN model including four numerical factors (neuron numbers, learning rate, momentum, and epoch numbers) and two categorical factors (training and activation function) are used in hyperparameter optimization. RBFNN includes two numerical factors such as a number of neurons and spreads. The conventional method (one-variable-at-a-time) is compared in terms of optimization processing time and the accuracy of the model. The result indicates that the optimal hyperparameters obtained by the proposed approach produce good accuracy with a smaller generalization error. The simulation results show an improvement of more than 65% of training performance, with less repetition and processing time. This proposed methodology can be utilized for any type of neural network application to find the optimum levels of different parameters.
Chirality Sensing in Coordination-driven Supramolecular Assemblies
Authors: Paul Abhik , Roy Subhadip 
Published: March 2024

Abstract:
Chirality is a widespread structural characteristic found in nature and plays a
vital role in the structure and functioning of almost all biological systems. Nevertheless, the
translation of chirality into synthetic systems is highly intricate yet captivating, as it not
only applies fundamental understanding but also has the potential to tackle significant difficulties
in biochemistry and medicine. Structurally, the process of coordination-driven selfassembly
involves the organization of basic molecular components into well-defined porous
homochiral metal-organic cages (MOCs). This allows for a systematic investigation of
the enantioselective processes occurring within the nanocavities, which have limited space
and specific chiral microenvironments. This article aims to provide a comprehensive summary
of the recent advancements in supramolecular chirality generated in the fascinating
class of porous MOCs. It will cover the synthesis and characterization of these materials, as well as the implications
of their stereochemical information in terms of chiral recognition and enantio-separation. Subsequently, a
subjective viewpoint will be presented regarding the potential, possibilities, and significant challenges in the
future advancement of this domain, aiming to expand the progress in creating novel chiral functional materials
in the realm of chemistry and beyond.
Recent Advancements in Biochar and its Composite for the Remediation of Hazardous Pollutants
Authors: Verma Akshay , Sharma Gaurav , Kumar Amit , Dhiman Pooja , Stadler Florian J. 
Published: March 2024

:
Biochar has garnered considerable attention in recent times due to its potential uses in the
environmental field. In this study, we comprehensively examine and condense information on biochar
production, characteristics, and adsorption mechanisms, with a focus on its economic applications
for remediating hazardous contaminants. Our assessment is based on over 200 publications
from the past decade. Biochar, a carbon-rich material, can be derived from various organic waste
sources, such as food waste and urban sewage sludge. Researchers are particularly interested in biochar
due to its high carbon content, cation exchange capacity, substantial specific surface area, and
stable structure. We investigate how the physical and chemical properties of biochar may vary based
on the feedstock used, providing a comprehensive overview of biochar and its composition for pollution
remediation. The review also discusses common techniques such as gasification, hydrothermal
carbonization, and pyrolysis used to produce biochar. We analyze current research on the mechanisms
involved in pollutant treatment using biochar and its composites while also addressing future
directions in biochar research.
Exploring the Potential of Nanoparticles in Biofuel Production: Challenges
and Future Directions – A Comprehensive Review
Authors: joy Nivin , M Anish , V Hariharan , M Reshlin Rithan Raj , V Jayaprakash , J Jayaprabakar 
Published: March 2024

Abstract::
The utilization of nanotechnology and nanotechnology in contemporary society has garnered
significant interest due to their captivating properties across various academic disciplines. The
investigation and development of biodiesel production and fabrication using nanotechnology and nanomaterials
have emerged as a central area of scholarly inquiry worldwide. Implementing strategies
to accelerate biodiesel production is essential to its success; there is an increasing focus on utilizing
state-of-the-art nanotechnology, which enables achieving maximum output while minimizing costs.
Consequently, the investigation will center on using various nanomaterials and nanocatalysts to explore
the manufacture of biodiesel from diverse materials. The examination of this research project
will primarily focus on the culture of algae utilizing nanomaterials and the subsequent collection of
lipids. Furthermore, the present investigation is intended to serve as a comprehensive examination of
the foremost obstacles and prospective ahead-of-time enhancements regarding the utilization of biodiesel
blended with nanoparticle additives in internal combustion engines. Furthermore, this essay
will specifically address the problems related to the welfare of individuals and the environment in
using nanomaterials in mass manufacturing biodiesel. Consequently, future producers, researchers,
and academics stand to gain valuable insights from this study, as it offers a comprehensive understanding
of the existing body of research on the application of nanoparticles and nanotechnology in
making biodiesel, along with the advancements in enhancing its efficiency.
A Retrospective Study on Azvudine in Hospitalized Elderly Patients with COVID-19
Authors: Nie Ruifang , Hou Ning , Xu Ke , Shen Shan , Yang Shuangshuang 
Published: March 2024

Background:
The ongoing 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia pandemic continues to
pose a serious threat to public health and safety. In response, numerous specific anti-SARS-CoV-2
drugs have been urgently approved for use. Azvudine has been recommended as a priority treatment
for COVID-19 patients, but its efficacy and safety in elderly patients remain unexplored.

Methods:
In this retrospective, single-center, observational study, we assessed the impact of Azvudine
treatment on elderly hospitalized patients aged over 70 years. We analyzed parameters such as
the time of SARS-CoV-2 negative conversion, clinical outcomes, length of hospital stay, and respiratory
support requirements. Additionally, we compared changes in blood routine indicators, liver and
kidney function indicators, and the incidence of adverse events before and after Azvudine administration
to provide real-world data concerning elderly patients.

Results and Discussion::
The study included 36 elderly patients aged 70 to 95 years. Following Azvudine
administration, the average time for SARS-CoV-2 negative conversion was 5.15 days. Clinical
outcomes revealed improvement and discharge in 74.3% of the patients, exacerbation in 5.7% of the
patients, and mortality in 20% of the patients. Analysis of blood routine indicators and liver function
indicators before and after medication showed no clinically significant changes. However, serum
creatinine levels (Scr) demonstrated a statistically significant increase (71.12 ± 44.22 vs. 87.88 ±
57.39, p < 0.05).

Conclusion:
Although correlation analysis was not conducted, limited by the small sample size and
retrospective nature of the study, these findings underscore the importance of monitoring Azvudine’s
impact on renal function.
Youth is Prized in Medicine, Old Age is Valued in Law: Analysis of Media Narratives Over 200 Years
Authors: Ng Reuben , Indran Nicole 
Published: March 2024

Background
This is the first study to explore how age has influenced depictions of doctors and lawyers in the media over the course of 210 years, from 1810 to 2019. The media represents a significant platform for examining age stereotypes and possesses tremendous power to shape public opinion. Insights could be used to improve depictions of older professionals in the media.

Objective
This study aims to understand how age shapes the portrayals of doctors and lawyers. Specifically, it compares the difference in sentiments toward younger and older doctors as well as younger and older lawyers in the media over 210 years.

Methods
Leveraging a 600-million-word corpus of American media publications spanning 210 years, we compiled top descriptors (N=478,452) of nouns related to youth × occupation (eg, younger doctor or physician) and old age × occupation (eg, older lawyer or attorney). These descriptors were selected using well-established criteria including co-occurrence frequency and context relevance, and were rated on a Likert scale from 1 (very negative) to 5 (very positive). Sentiment scores were generated for “doctor/physician,” “young(er) doctor/physician,” “old(er) doctor/physician,” “lawyer/attorney,” “young(er) lawyer/attorney,” and “old(er) lawyer/attorney.” The scores were calculated per decade for 21 decades from 1810 to 2019. Topic modeling was conducted on the descriptors of each occupation in both the 1800s and 1900s using latent Dirichlet allocation.

Results
As hypothesized, the media placed a premium on youth in the medical profession, with portrayals of younger doctors becoming 10% more positive over 210 years, and those of older doctors becoming 1.4% more negative. Meanwhile, a premium was placed on old age in law. Positive portrayals of older lawyers increased by 22.6% over time, while those of younger lawyers experienced a 4.3% decrease. In the 1800s, narratives on younger doctors revolved around their participation in rural health care. In the 1900s, the focus shifted to their mastery of new medical technologies. There was no marked change in narratives surrounding older doctors from the 1800s to the 1900s, though less attention was paid to their skills in the 1900s. Narratives on younger lawyers in the 1800s referenced their limited experience. In the 1900s, there was more focus on courtroom affairs. In both the 1800s and 1900s, narratives on older lawyers emphasized their prestige, especially in the 1900s.

Conclusions
Depending on the occupation, one’s age may either be seen as an asset or a liability. Efforts must be expended to ensure that older professionals are recognized for their wealth of knowledge and skills. Failing to capitalize on the merits of an older workforce could ultimately be a grave disservice not only to older adults but to society in general.
Effects of a Chatbot-Based Intervention on Stress and Health-Related Parameters in a Stressed Sample: Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Schillings Christine , Meißner Echo , Erb Benjamin , Bendig Eileen , Schultchen Dana , Pollatos Olga 
Published: March 2024

Background
Stress levels and the prevalence of mental disorders in the general population have been rising in recent years. Chatbot-based interventions represent novel and promising digital approaches to improve health-related parameters. However, there is a lack of research on chatbot-based interventions in the area of mental health.

Objective
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a 3-week chatbot-based intervention guided by the chatbot ELME, specifically with respect to the ability to reduce stress and improve various health-related parameters in a stressed sample.

Methods
In this multicenter two-armed randomized controlled trial, 118 individuals with medium to high stress levels were randomized to the intervention group (n=59) or the treatment-as-usual control group (n=59). The ELME chatbot guided participants of the intervention group through 3 weeks of training based on the topics stress, mindfulness, and interoception, with practical and psychoeducative elements delivered in two daily interactive intervention sessions via a smartphone (approximately 10-20 minutes each). The primary outcome (perceived stress) and secondary outcomes (mindfulness; interoception or interoceptive sensibility; subjective well-being; and emotion regulation, including the subfacets reappraisal and suppression) were assessed preintervention (T1), post intervention (T2; after 3 weeks), and at follow-up (T3; after 6 weeks). During both conditions, participants also underwent ecological momentary assessments of stress and interoceptive sensibility.

Results
There were no significant changes in perceived stress (β03=–.018, SE=.329; P=.96) and momentary stress. Mindfulness and the subfacet reappraisal significantly increased in the intervention group over time, whereas there was no change in the subfacet suppression. Well-being and momentary interoceptive sensibility increased in both groups over time.

Conclusions
To gain insight into how the intervention can be improved to achieve its full potential for stress reduction, besides a longer intervention duration, specific sample subgroups should be considered. The chatbot-based intervention seems to have the potential to improve mindfulness and emotion regulation in a stressed sample. Future chatbot-based studies and interventions in health care should be designed based on the latest findings on the efficacy of rule-based and artificial intelligence–based chatbots.

Trial Registration
German Clinical Trials Register DRKS00027560; https://drks.de/search/en/trial/DRKS00027560

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)
RR2-doi.org/10.3389/fdgth.2023.1046202
Accuracy of a Web-Based Time-Use Diary (MEDAL) in Assessing Children’s Meal Intakes With Food Photography by Parents as Reference: Instrument Validation Study
Authors: Chong Kar Mun , Chia Airu , Shah Budin Nur Syahirah , Poh Bee Koon , Jamil Nor Aini , Koh Denise , Chong Mary Foong-Fong , Wong Jyh Eiin 
Published: March 2024

Background
My E-Diary for Activities and Lifestyle (MEDAL) is a web-based time-use diary developed to assess the diet and movement behaviors of Asian school children.

Objective
This study aims to determine the accuracy of MEDAL in assessing the dietary intake of Malaysian school children, using photographs of the children’s meals taken by their parents as an objective reference.

Methods
A convenience sample of 46 children aged 10 to 11 years recorded their daily meals in MEDAL for 4 days (2 weekdays and 2 weekend days). Their parents took photographs of the meals and snacks of their children before and after consumption during the 4-day period and sent them along with a brief description of food and drinks consumed via an instant SMS text messaging app. The accuracy of the children’s reports of the food they had consumed was determined by comparing their MEDAL reports to the photographs of the food sent by their parents.

Results
Overall, the match, omission, and intrusion rates were 62% (IQR 46%-86%), 39% (IQR 16%-55%), and 20% (IQR 6%-44%), respectively. Carbohydrate-based items from the food categories “rice and porridge”; “breads, spreads, and cereals”; and “noodles, pasta, and potatoes” were reported most accurately (total match rates: 68%-76%). “Snack and dessert” items were omitted most often (omission rate: 54%). Furthermore, side dishes from “vegetables and mushrooms,” “eggs and tofu,” “meat and fish,” and “curry” food groups were often omitted (omission rates: 42%-46%). Items from “milk, cheese, and yogurt”; “snacks and desserts”; and “drinks” food groups intruded most often (intrusion rates: 37%-46%). Compared to the items reported by the boys, those reported by the girls had higher match rates (69% vs 53%) and lesser omission rates (31% vs 49%; P=.03, respectively).

Conclusions
In conclusion, children aged 10 to 11 years can self-report all their meals in MEDAL, although some items are omitted or intruded. Therefore, MEDAL is a tool that can be used to assess the dietary intake of Malaysian school children.