bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Stomach of the Sambar Deer (Cervus unicolor unicolor)
Authors: Stafford K. J. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryIn New Zealand, the sambar deer is reported to feed on a variety of grasses and browse material. In the specimens studied, the average volume of the sambar rumen was about 15 l. Thick, non‐papillated pillars divided the rumen into a saccus dorsalis and a saccus ventralis. The lining of the rumen was covered with papillae; those in the roof area were short and poorly developed. The omasum was a well‐developed organ with 47‐71 (mean 57) laminae. These were covered with short and poorly developed papillae. It is concluded that these sambar deer stomachs were typical of a grass‐roughage feeder. This contrasts with the previous classification of the sambar deer as an intermediate feeder.
Scanning‐Electron Microscopy of the Development of the Head of Rainbow‐trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Embryos
Authors: González M. E. , Blánquez M. J. , Rojo C. , Puerta A. J. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThe development of the cephalic region of rainbow trout in the 24th, 30th and 36th stages, corresponding to the table of development by Vernier (1969), was studied using light microscopy and SEM.The 24th stage shows a voluminous cephalic region as a principal feature. At this time, most components of this region have started their differentiation. The 30th stage can be considered as an intermediary phase in the embryonic formation, and it is characterized by the high degree of differentiation between the nervous system and the sense organs. In the 36th stage, the basic final shape of the embryo has been reached.The results of this study show that the differentiation of gill lamellae and the opening of the mouth takes place later than that moment described by other authors. This suggests that development between 30th and 36th stages is a critical survival period for rainbow trout, in which respiratory and digestive functions start.
Estudio Histoquímico y Morfométrico de la Población Fibrilar del Músculo Diafragma. Parte I: Caballo y Perro
Authors: Sandoval J. A. , Gil F. , Arencibia A. , Ayala I. , Vazquez Y J. Ma. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryHistochemical and morphometric study of fibrilar population in diaphragm muscle. Part I: Horse and DogBy using m‐ATPase techniques, under alkaline and acid pre‐incubations, as well as metabolic techniques (α‐MGPDH and NADH‐TR), sections from the lumbar and costal portions of diaphragm muscle in horse and dog were analysed. Fibre samples were exposed to image‐analysis observations in order to determine the lowest fibre diameter and obtain estadistical data. The findings revealed that the lumbar portion of horse diaphragm consists of fibre types I, IIA and IIB; in the costal portion, the fibre types I and IIA were present. In the dog, the lumbar and costal portions consisted of fibre types I, IIA and IIC, which showed some specific histochemical characteristics.Some data concerning both morphometrical and statistical fibre‐type analysis are presented.
Estudio Histoquímico y Morfométrico de la Población Fibrilar del Müsculo Diafragma. Parte II: Vaca y Cerdo
Authors: Sandoval J. A. , Arencibia A. , Ramirez G. , Montes Y A. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryHistochemical and Morphometric Study of the Fibrilar Population in Diaphragm Muscle. Part II: Ox and PigM‐ATPase techniques, at different pH levels prior to incubation, as well as metabolic procedures (α‐MGPDH and NADH‐TR), were used to determine the fibre‐type content of the lumbar and costal portions in the bovine and porcine diaphragm. The fibre samples were exposed to image analysis in order to evaluate both the morphometrical and statistical values.On the basis of tintorial reactions, the fibre types IA, IB and IIC were found in the lumbar portion of the bovine diaphragm; in the costal portion of the same diaphragm, IA, IB, IIA and IIC fibre types were observed. With regard to the porcine diaphragm, the I, IIA, IIB, IIC fibre types were present in both portions of the muscle. Further morphometrical and statistical data concerning all the fibre types are obtained and discussed.
The Development of the Genital Peritoneum in Domestic Mammals. An Analysis of the Literature and Nomenclature
Authors: Martin E. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThis review presents and discusses the reasons for the currently employed anatomical terminology relating to the genital peritoneum of various domestic species, based upon its prenatal development. When reviewing the development of genital organs, attention must be paid to changes in the related peritoneum in order to define currently used terminology more clearly. The relevance of some terms such as Caudal genital ligament, Plica gubernaculi, Plica iguinalis and genital fold is considered. A System of serosal folds, the Plica gonadoinguinalis or genitoinguinalis, seems to be a useful term to be added to the Nomina Embryologica Veterinaria.
A Juxtaposition between A‐cells and D‐cells in the Chicken Pancreatic Islets Following Vagotomy
Authors: Salakij C. , Watanabe T. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryConventional electron microscopy and enzyme‐cytochemistry were applied to elucidate the juxtaposition between the pancreatic D‐cell and A‐cell, 1–2 weeks after abdominal vagotomy in chickens. A pancreatic D‐cell frequently encircled an A‐cell. Around this juxtaposition, several D‐cells, characterized by the occurrence of peculiar dense bodies, formed a cluster. Both the D‐cell and the A‐cell juxtaposed with each other and had an irregularly shaped nucleus with several indentations. Exocytosis of secretory granules from D‐cells encircling an A‐cell was often observed in the capillary side, but no release of secretory granules from A‐cells was detected, except on the capillary side. A few large dense bodies, resembling a multivesicular body, were observed in the A‐cell cytoplasm, showed positive acid‐phosphatase activity, and contained remnants of several types of cell organelles. They thus seemed to be secondary lysosomes. It is possible that the juxtaposition between the A‐cell and the D‐cell may be morphological evidence of the inhibitory action on the A‐cell by the D‐cell.
The Zygomatic Branch of the Auriculopalpebral Nerve: can it be Normally Palpated in the Live Horse?
Authors: McCarthy P. H. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryA detailed description is given of the methods to locate and palpate a subcutaneous part of the zygomatic branch of the auriculopalpebral nerve in 9 out of 10 adult horses examined. This permits the exact placing of local anaesthetic along the nerve branch at the described site, resulting in the akinesis of the m. orbicularis oculi and the elimination of the blink reflex. This facilitates ophthalmologic examination and possible treatment of some eye conditions.
Anatomical, Histological and Functional Specificities of the Digestive Tract in the Male Grasscutter (Thryonomys swinderianus, Temminck 1827)
Authors: Alogninouwa T. , Agba K. C. , Agossou E. , Kpodekon M. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryUsing standard methods, the study of topographic and descriptive anatomy, and histology, has led to the specification of some special features and their relationship to the function of the grasscutter digestive tract. These details include the development of dorsal excrescence on the tongue, lack of a true pylorus, and advanced disappearance of Brünner glands in the last third of the duodenum submucosa. More interesting is the size of the caecum, which fills 60% of the abdominal cavity, and the presence of large anal glands, making this animal an unusual rodent.
Imagerie par Résonance Magnétique (IRM) fonctionnelle de l'ischémic hépatique chez le Lapin. Contribution d'un agent de contraste particulaire (AMI‐25)
Authors: Canet E. , Roger T. , Chambon C. , Delabre C. , Baldy C. , Revel D. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryA functional approach of the rabbit portal ischemia was performed on five New Zealand rabbits using magnetic‐resonance (MR) imaging and an MR‐specific contrast agent for the liver. The hepatic vascularization and the functionality of the phagocytosis cells were both studied with a single low dose of a unique contrast agent—superparamagnetic iron oxide particles (SPIOs). After a rapid i.v. injection of SPIOs, functional vessels and normally perfused liver parenchyma appeared with positive signal enhancement, whereas the ischemic area remained dark (cold spot). After the intravascular time period, the well‐known negative enhancement induced by these particles on normal parenchyma was observed, with the difference of the ischemic liver, and could be related to the uptake of SPIOs by functional Kuppfer cells.
Anatomy of the Sinus Node of Camels (Camelus dromedarius)
Authors: Ghazi S. R. , Tadjalli M. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryAnatomy of the sinus node was studied in six camel hearts (Camelus dromedarius) with serial histologic sectioning. The sinus node in this species of animal was located 0.5 mm beneath the epicardium, near the junction between the cranial vena cava and the right atrium at the sulcus terminalis. Its shape was elongated, bent oblong with 28.25 mm length, 5.75 mm width and 5.38 mm thickness. The maximum section area was 101.66 mm2. The central artery of the node originated from the circumflexus branch of the left coronary artery and, throughout its length in the substance of the sinus node, had an internai elastic membrane.Histologically, the sinus node of this animal contained a central artery and a framework of collagen fibres, which were distributed around the central artery. The nodal cells were irregularly organized around the central artery and two types, i.e.‘p’ cells and transitional cells were present. The ‘p’ cells had a perinuclear clear zone but the transitional cells contained more myofibrils. The intercalated dises were not present. At the periphery of the sinus node there were many nerve fibres and a ganglion. The purkinje fibres were present within atrial myocardium, as well as within ventricular myocardium. The glycogen content of the sinus nodal cells was higher than that of the atrial myocardial cells.
Das Blutgefäßsystem des Enddarms vom Schwein (Sus scrofa f. domestica)
Authors: Zahner M. , Wille K.‐H. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThe circulatory system of the large intestine of 27 pigs was examined by means of corrosion anatomy (vascular casts), histology and electron microscopy. The results were as follows:The Aa. et Vv. breves et longae leave the mesenteric vessels and reach the wall of the intestine at the mesenteric margin. The short vessels enter the deeper layers of the wall, whereas the Aa. et Vv. longae, by taking a variable subserous course, reach the submucosa af ter penetrating the muscular layers.The tela submucosa contains an arterial and a venous vascular plexus. Where the submucosa is larger, there is a three‐dimensional vascular network, a deep and superficial vascular plexus that are closely interconnected. The deep plexus is applied to the inner circular muscles, whereas the superficial plexus is adjacent to the muscularis mucosae. The deep arterial plexus receives its af flux from the Aa. breves et longae and provides part of the circular muscle layers with recurrent muscle branches. The vascularization of the mucosa is derived from the (superficial) submucosal plexus.The arteries that ascend the tunica mucosa ramify, in the form of a brush, into some arterioles. In the basal part of the mucosa, they turn into a periglandular capillary system, i.e. a network around each Lieberkühn crypt. Close to the lumen, a polygonal subepithelial capillary system is formed. Below the epithelium of the mucosal surf ace, the capillaries turn into postcapillary venules. These are running vertically through the submucosa, with few infiowing side branches, and finally enter the submucosal plexus.An intermuscular plexus is formed by anastomoses between the circular and the longitudinal muscular layers from the branches of the subserous‐submucosal connections. This intermuscular plexus provides the capillaries for the tunica muscularis.The subepithelial capillaries are, above all, furnished with a so‐called fenestrated endothelium, whereas the capillaries of the pericryptal mucosa mainly show a continuous endothelium. The latter contains multiple vesicles that can fuse to form transcytoplasmic channels.In the wall of the large intestine of the pig, there are no sure indications as to the existence of either arterio‐venous anastomoses or haemodynamic regulatory structures.
Morphological Characteristics of the Heal Peyer's Patches in the Rhesus Macaque: a Histological and Ultrastructural Study
Authors: Kuhn E.‐M. , Kaup F.‐J. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryIleal Peyer's patches of rhesus macaques were investigated by light and electron microscopy (scanning‐electron microscopy, transmission‐electron microscopy). The results were compared with findings in other species. Differences were found concerning the shape of the dome area, the composition of the dome epithelium and the apical membrane of M cells: in the rhesus monkey, hemispherical domes bulge into the intestinal lumen. The dome epithelium is composed of three populations of gut epithelial cells: absorptive enterocytes as the predominant cell type; goblet cells; and M cells (‘microfold bearing’ or ‘membraneous’ gut epithelial cells). The apical membrane of M cells forms irregular protrusions.
Zur Morphologie der Zungenrandpapillen neugeborener Ferkel 1
Authors: Schneider C. , Kressin M. , Schnorr B. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryOn the morphology of the marginal lingual papillae in newborn pigsThe morphology of the marginal lingual papillae in eight newborn pigs aged 1‐5 days was examined at the light‐microscopical level, as well as, for the first time, using electron transmission and scanning methods. The papillae marginales are arranged tuft‐like or rosetted with chief and accessory papillae, the individual papillae varying considerably in shape. Leaf‐, tongue‐ or fingerlike and conical shapes predominate. The stratified squamous epithelium is either keratinized, resembling the epidermal differentiation pathway, or non‐keratinized, according to the mucosal pathway. The characteristic morphology of keratinocyte differentiation is shown with special reference to the establishment of the permeability barrier. The connective tissue papillae are intensively surface‐enlarged by means of multiple fingerlike protrusions.
Immunohistochemical Localization of the Epidermal Growth Factor‐Receptor in Rhesus‐monkey Prostate
Authors: Wakui S. , Furusato M. , Sasaki S. , Masaoka T. , Ushigome S. , Aizawa S. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryEpidermal growth‐factor receptor (EGF‐r), a membranebound glycoprotein activated by EGF, is important in maintaining the integrity and function of the prostate. To investigate EGF‐r presence in the prostate of the rhesus monkey, monoclonal‐antibody immunohistochemical examination was performed. The monkey prostate consisted of the cranial and caudal lobes, and the prostatic epithelial cells were composed of the secretory and basal cells. The distribution patterns of EGF‐r in the prostatic epithelial cells were quite different between the cranial and caudal lobes. In the caudal lobe, EGF‐r was seen in both secretory and basai cells, whereas, in the cranial lobe, the EGF‐r was seen exclusively in the basal cells. The stromal cells of both lobes did not show EGF‐r. This study revealed that each prostatic lobe contains specific binding sites for EGF, indicating a biological difference between the two lobes of the prostate of the rhesus monkey.
Morphology of the Musculus articularis Genus in Dog with Description of Ectopic Muscle Spindles
Authors: Kincaid S. A. , Rumph P. F. , Garrett P. D. , Baird D. K. , Kammermann J. R. , Visco D. M. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThe gross morphology of the musculus articularis genus and the location of muscle spindles at its point of insertion were studied in 18 adult dogs. The m. articularis genus was usually small and bipartite. From its originate on the cranial surface of the distal femur, it passed distally to terminate at the femoropatellar‐joint capsule surface and extend into the synovial membrane. Although the m. articularis genus was usually composed of two parts, only a medial part was present in some dogs and was entirely absent in one specimen. Innervation to the m. articularis genus was provided by a branch of the femoral nerve. Muscle spindles were abundant in the termination of the muscle. Frequently, the spindles were not in contact with muscle fibres (dissociated). Muscle spindles were located in close proximity to the surface of the synovial membrane. Morphological adaptations of the m. articularis genus support its potential function as a monitor of joint movement rather than an extensor of the stifle joint.
Digital‐image Analysis of the Brain‐base Arteries in Chinchilla, Chinchilla laniger (Molina)
Authors: Gielecki J. S. , Brudnicki W. , Nowaki M. R. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThis paper attempts to quantitatively characterize the cerebral arterial circle in the chinchilla using a computerized image‐analysis system. The sole source of the blood supply to the brain in this animal is the vertebral arteries and the basilar arteries. It was found that the diameter and volume of the basilar artery were over twofold larger than those of cerebral‐circle arteries. The total length of the cerebral‐circle arteries was approximately two times greater than the length of the basilar artery. A strong correlation between the parameters of the basilar artery and the total volume of the arterial circle was observed, as might be expected. These results suggest that if appropriate geometrical parameters are maintained, the brain can be adequately vascularized, even in the absence of additional blood supply.
Licht‐ und elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen an der Blut‐Milch‐Schranke der laktierenden Milchdrüse des Rindes
Authors: Ludewig T. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryLight and electron‐microscopic investigation of the blood‐milk‐barrier in lactating cow uddersThis paper reports a light and electron microscope (TEM) study of the blood‐milk‐barrier in the lacting mammary gland of the cow.The morphometric analysis of thick sections showed a significant difference between the posterior left quarter and the both right quarters of the udder. The distance between the endothelium of the capillary in the perialveolar connective tissue and the basal membrane of the secretory epithelium measures 2.33 μm. The thick sections used here have some important advantages over paraffin‐embedded sections (cut at 5 μm), especially in connection with morphometric investigations.The electronmicroscope observations revealed the following remarkable structures in the blood‐milk‐barrier:

The endothelium of the capillaries in perialveolar connective tissue contains many pinocytotic vesicles and possesses pseudopodic structures.
The myoepithelial cells do not appear continuously and are therefore only indirectly related to the barrier.
The basal system contains special folds of epithelial cells.
Dog Retinal Ganglion Cells: A Morphological and Morphometrical Study in Aging
Authors: Coli A. , Marroni P. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryUsing a reduced‐silver method, this study examined ganglion‐cell morphology and morphometry in aging dog wholemount retina. The ganglion‐cell body size and topography were obtained using a semi‐automatic image analyser (Leitz ASM 68K, Wetzlar, Germany) studying a sector (with an angle of 10° centred on the optic papilla) as a sampling area from the superior, middle and inferior regions of nasal and temporal retina. The ganglion‐cell type and topography of the elder dog retina resembled those of cat retina, with the exception of a lack of alpha cells in the peripheral area of the temporal retina. However, the morphological and morphometrical features are not influenced by aging.
Die Mikroangioarchitektur der Mukosa des Antrum pyloricum des Magens beim Kaninchen 1
Authors: Jackowiak H. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryMicroangioarchitecture of the mucosa of the Antrum pyloricum in rabbit was studied by optical and scanning electron microscopy. Passing the lamina muscularis mucosae, arteries of the submucosa reach the lamina propria and branch in to the terminal arteries forming a subglandular network. From these vessels, two capillary nets arise. The first forms a capillary skein around the base of the glands, while the second ascends along the tubuli, moving upwards to the surface along the glandular tubuli. These ascending capillaries also arise directly from the subglandular arterioles of the lamina propria, as well as from capillaries of the basal parts of the glandular tubuli. Subepithelial capillaries form arcuate loops with 2‐3 venules or collecting venules, which run into the venous net in the basal region of the lamina propria. Numerous horizontal interconnections exist between the collecting venules but arteriovenous anastomosis in the mucosa was not observed.
The Epididymis of the Prepubertal Swamp Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis): Histochemistry of Phosphatases
Authors: Ariyaratna H. B. S. , Gunawardana V. K. , Navaratne M. A. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThe distribution of phosphatases was examined in the epididymis of swamp buffaloes aged 1.5‐2 years, where spermatogenic activity in the testis had reached the early primary spermatocyte stage. A granular distribution of acid phosphatase was present in the luminal region of the epithelium of the efferent ductules. In the ductus epididymidis, four zones were identified and all zones showed varying degrees of acid‐phosphatase activity in the epithelium, with the most pronounced activity in the apical region and stereocilia of zone II. Alkaline‐phosphatase activity occurred along the basal region of the epithelium in zones I. III and IV of the ductus and in the stereocilia of zones I and II. An intense apical reaction was seen in zone II. The efferent ducts were free of this enzyme. Thus, zone II is considered the most active region, having the function of absorption and possibly steroid metabolism.
Development of the Genital Peritoneal Folds in Sheep
Authors: Martin E. , Rodriguez‐Martinez H. , Dalin G. , Castrillejo A. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryDevelopment of the genital peritoneum in the sheep was studied in embryos/fetuses that were 27‐69 days old. The plica mesonephrica was the first visible fold of the urogenital organs of the embryos and was the origin of the proximal mesorchium or mesovarium. The plica suspensoria gonadalis fixed the gonad to the mesonephros and held the cranial genital ligament and the cranial part of the gubernaculum. The distal mesorchium or mesovarium evolved from this fold. The inguinal fold fixed the caudal part of the gubernaculum. The suspensory fold of the gonad and plica inguinalis formed a system of serosal folds called the Plica gonadoinguinalis. The fold of the genital ducts had two parts, divided by the crossing with the gubernaculum. The mesepididymis or mesosalpinx evolved from the cranial part of the fold, while the caudal part was the origin of the mesoductus deferens or mesometrium. The caudal part of the right and left folds contributed to defining another system of peritoneal folds, the Plica genitalis. A rearrangement of some accepted terms in the nomenclature is proposed, as are some new terms. An analysis of the meaning of some terms, especially those applied to systems of peritoneal folds, is given to aid in their interpretation.