bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Memantine agonist action at dopamine D2High receptors
Authors: Seeman Philip , Caruso Carla , Lasaga Mercedes 
Published: November 2007

AbstractMemantine is reported to improve symptoms in moderate cases of Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, but is also known to trigger psychosis in some Parkinson patients. Because these clinical features suggested a possible dopamine component of memantine action, we measured the potency of memantine on the functional high‐affinity state of dopamine D2 receptors, or D2High. Using [3H]domperidone to label D2 receptors, the memantine dissociation constant at D2High was 917 ± 23 nM for rat striatal D2 receptors and 137 ± 19 nM for human cloned D2Long receptors. The memantine dissociation constant for striatal N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate (NMDA) receptors labeled by [3H]MK 801 was 2200 ± 400 nM. Memantine stimulated the incorporation of [35S]GTP‐γ‐S into D2‐expressing Chinese Hamster Ovary cells with a dissociation constant of 1200 ± 400 nM. Memantine, between 200 and 2000 nM, directly acted on D2High to inhibit the release of prolactin from isolated anterior pituitary cells in culture. Because the memantine potencies at NMDA receptors and dopamine D2High receptors are of a similar order of magnitude, it is likely that the clinical features of memantine can be attributed to its action at both types of receptors. Synapse 62:149–153, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Phytotoxicity assay of crop plants to phenanthrene and pyrene contaminants in acidic soil
Authors: Chouychai Waraporn , Thongkukiatkul Amporn , Upatham Suchart , Lee Hung , Pokethitiyook Prayad , Kruatrachue Maleeya 
Published: November 2007

AbstractFour selected plants (corn, groundnut, cow pea, and mungbean) were tested for their ability to germinate and grow in an acidic soil contaminated with phenanthrene or pyrene, two typical polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The growth of corn root was the least sensitive to, but its germination rate was the lowest in the presence of, contaminants. Among the legumes, the growth of groundnut root was better than others. Corn and groundnut were selected to further test their ability to tolerate a mixture of phenanthrene and pyrene in the acidic soil. The presence of both PAHs led to a greater decrease in the lengths of shoot and root of groundnut than phenanthrene or pyrene alone, but the lengths of shoot and root of corn were decreased to a similar extent as when phenanthrene or pyrene was present alone. The growth of corn root was also better than that of groundnut root when they were grown in oil‐contaminated soil. Based on these results, we conclude that corn is the most suitable to be grown in PAH‐contaminated acidic soil. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 22: 597–604, 2007.
Phosphoprotein analysis for investigation of in vivo relationship between protein phosphatase inhibitory activities and acute hepatotoxicity of microcystin‐LR
Authors: Tachi Masahiko , Imanishi Susumu Y. , Harada Ken‐ichi 
Published: November 2007

AbstractMicrocystin‐LR (MCLR) produced by freshwater cyanobacteria is a potent hepatotoxin and inhibits protein serine/threonine phosphatases 1 and 2A (PP1 and PP2A). Okadaic acid (OA) is a similar phosphatase inhibitor, which has less affinity to PP1 than PP2A. MCLR and OA behave similarly with primary culture hepatocytes with the induction of phosphorylation of the cytokeratins, morphological changes, and apoptosis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the in vivo relationship between the protein phosphatase inhibitory activities and the acute hepatotoxicity of MCLR compared to OA. MCLR and OA were intraperitoneally administrated to mice at ∼220 μg/kg. After 30 min, the liver of only the MCLR‐treated mouse was dark‐colored and heavier than that of the control mouse. Subsequently, the phosphoproteins of the mouse liver were chemically modified with reversible biotinylation reagent and selectively analyzed by LC/MS/MS. Consequently, the phosphorylated Ser 354 of formyltetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase, which is an abundant enzyme in the liver cytoplasm, was observed in the MCLR‐ and the OA‐treated mice 9.5 and 5.3 times more intensely than in the control mouse respectively, suggesting that MCLR and OA inhibited PP2A and induced the resulting phosphorylation. These results supported the hypothesis that the acute hepatotoxicity is possibly caused by the PP1 inhibition, and not by the PP2A inhibition. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 22: 620–629, 2007.
Enemy‐free space? Host preference and larval performance of a willow leaf beetle
Authors: Ishihara Michihiro , Ohgushi Takayuki 
Published: November 2007

AbstractTo examine whether enemy‐free space is an important factor determining the host utilization pattern of a leaf beetle Plagiodera versicolora, we investigated the relationship between adult preference and offspring performance on three co‐occurring willow species, Salix sachalinensis, S. miyabeana and S. integra. Salix sachalinensis was by far the most preferred host plant of feeding adults, while both S. miyabeana and S. integra were rarely fed upon. The fact that most oviposition was observed on S. sachalinensis also suggested that P. versicolora preferred S. sachalinensis to other willows for oviposition. This adult preference did not correspond well to patterns of larval performance on the three willow species in the absence of enemies. Higher survivorship, shorter developmental time and larger adult size were achieved on S. sachalinensis and S. miyabeana than on S. integra. Performance as indicated by female adult size and development time on S. miyabeana were higher than on S. sachalinensis. In the presence of enemies, however, the survivorship of first‐instar larvae on S. miyabeana was much lower than on other willows. Adults of P. versicolora apparently avoided S. miyabeana as an oviposition and feeding host and preferred S. sachalinensis as an enemy‐free space. This was not because larvae had poorer performance on S. miyabeana, but because predation pressure on eggs and early instar larvae was more severe on S. miyabeana.
Method of Detecting and Targeting Mutations in Cancer
Authors: Edwards Byard 
Published: November 2007

AbstractWhile there are many differences between tumor and non-tumor cells, the basic underlying distinction is in the DNA. Tumor cells harbor mutations, at least some of which are not present in non-tumor cells. Thus, a method of directly targeting cells containing specific mutations has potential for detection or treatment of cancer without the toxicity associated with more indirect approaches. Also, as mutations are a necessary component of malignancy, such a method is potentially applicable to all tumors. I propose a method by which several recently developed techniques can be utilized in a novel way to accomplish the goal of directly targeting mutations for cancer detection and therapy. The model can be summarized as follows: (1) Determine potential target mutations present in tumor cells but not non-tumor cells. (2) Construct molecules that will bind to DNA at the sites of mutation, but will not bind to DNA in normal cells. And, as a consequence of the molecules binding to the mutation, the cells will be destroyed. (3) Deliver these molecules to all cells (or at least all tumor cells). I hypothesize that such molecules can now be constructed using sequence-specific DNA binding proteins (such as customized zinc-finger DNA binding proteins) fused to transcriptional activator domains (such as VP16) and reporter or toxin genes. The necessary genes can be linked to the DNA binding proteins utilizing a recently described method based on expressed protein ligation.
Are risk factors for suicide universal? A case‐control study in India
Authors: Vijayakumar L. , Rajkumar S. 
Published: November 2007

Objective: The majority of suicides in India occur in the young. Indian society, religion and culture are very different to those in the West. The aim of the present study was to identify the risk factors for completed suicide.Method A population‐based case‐control study employing the ‘psychological autopsy’ technique was conducted. In total, 100 completed suicides and 100 neighbourhood controls were studied.Results: The odds ratios for the risk factors were 19.5 (CI, 7.32–73.35) for presence of an Axis I disorder, 12.75 (CI. 4.69–48.59) for family history of psychopathology and 15.1 (CI, 2.4–93.9) for life events in the previous month.Conclusion: The presence of an Axis I disorder, family history of psychopathology and recent life events were all found to be significant risk factors. These findings suggest that risk factors for completed suicide are universal across countries and cultures.
Hallucinogen, opiate, sedative and stimulant use and abuse in a population‐based sample of female twins
Authors: Kendler K. S. , Karkowski L. , Prescott C. A. 
Published: November 2007

Objective: Rates of illicit psychoactive substance use and abuse in women have increased substantially over the last 50 years. However, we understand little about the aetiology of these behaviors in women, and almost nothing about the role of familial‐environmental and genetic factors.Methods: We obtained, by means of blind telephone interviews with 1934 individual twins from female‐female adult pairs ascertained through a population‐based registry, including both members of 500 MZ and 326 DZ pairs, a history of lifetime illicit use, abuse and dependence, as defined by DSM‐IV, of hallucinogens, opiates, sedatives and non‐cocaine stimulants.Results: Lifetime prevalences for substance use ranged from 3.3% for opiates to 10.4%) for hallucinogens. Rates of abuse (ranging from 0.7% for opiates to 3.2% for stimulants) and dependence (ranging from 0.2% for hallucinogens to 1.4% for stimulants) were substantially lower. Significant twin resemblance was found for hallucinogen use, opiate use, sedative use and stimulant use, abuse and symptoms of dependence. The results of twin‐model fitting suggested that twin resemblance for hallucinogen and stimulant use was due to both genetic and familial environmental factors, while twin resemblance for opiate and sedative use as well as stimulant abuse and symptoms of dependence was solely the result of genetic factors. Heritability of liability ranged from 21% to 72%. Twin resemblance for substance use, abuse and dependence could not be explained by the similarity of the twins' environment in childhood, adolescence or adulthood.Conclusion: Although limited by the rarity in women of these forms of substance use and misuse, our results none the less suggest that familial factors, which are at least in part genetic, strongly influence the vulnerability to hallucinogen, opiate, sedative and stimulant use and abuse in women.
Family interventions in schizophrenia: an analysis of non‐adherence
Authors: Montero I. , Asencio A. P. , Ruiz I. , Hernández I. 
Published: November 2007

Montero I, Asencio AP, Ruiz I, Hernández I. Family interventions in schizophrenia: an analysis of non‐adherence.Acta Psychiatr Scand 1999: 100: 136–141. © Munksgaard 1999.Objective: The aim of this study was to identify baseline factors which may make it possible to predict non‐adherence to prescribed treatment.Method: A total of 87 schizophrenic patients in a catchment area of Valencia (Spain) were randomly assigned to two family strategies. The characteristics associated with lack of adherence to the programmes were analysed in both the patients and their families.Results: Older patients, those with a higher number of previous hospital admissions, those living in small households and those having relatives with little knowledge of schizophrenia at the time of the initial assessment were the main factors associated with a higher risk of dropping out of the interventions.Conclusions: The findings of this study offer some guidance on suggesting intervention strategies that might reduce drop‐out rates in these types of programmes.
A retrospective study of clozapine and urinary incontinence in Chinese in‐patients
Authors: Lin C‐C. , Bai Y‐M. , Chen J‐Y. , Lin C‐Y. , Lan T‐H. 
Published: November 2007

Lin C‐C, Bai Y‐M, Chen J‐Y, Lin C‐Y, Lan T‐H. A retrospective study of clozapine and urinary incontinence in Chinese in‐patients. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1999: 100: 158–161. © Munksgaard 1999.Objective: This study investigated the incidence of clozapine‐associated urinary incontinence (UI) in schizophrenic patients, the percentage of these patients with persistent urinary incontinence (PUT), and the possible factors affecting the occurrence of UI.Method: A total of 61 Chinese in‐patients with schizophrenia (according to DSM‐IV) treated with clozapine for more than 3 months were assessed retrospectively for the occurrence of UI. Patients who still had UI at the time of assessment were classified as having PUI. Patients whose UI had resolved at the time of assessment were classified as having self‐limited urinary incontinence (SUI). We compared the characteristics of UI and non‐UI cases and of PUI and SUI cases.Results: The results showed that urinary incontinence developed at some time in 27 of 61 patients (44.3%), and that it was persistent in 15 of 61 patients (25%). There were no statistically significant differences in age, sex, clozapine dose, duration of clozapine use, duration of index admission, duration of illness, age at onset of schizophrenia, or concurrent treatment with other psychiatric medications between the UT and non‐UI groups and between the PUI and SUI groups.Conclusion: Clozapine‐associated urinary incontinence may be persistent in some patients, and it should be cautiously monitored in every patient taking clozapine.
Incidence of DIS/DSM‐IV social phobia in adults
Authors: Neufeld K. J. , Swartz K. L. , Bienvenu O. J. , Eaton W. W. , Cai G. 
Published: November 2007

Neufeld KJ, Swartz KL, Bienvenu OJ, Eaton WW, Cai G. Incidence of DISIDSM‐IV social phobia in adults. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1999: 100: 186–192. © Munksgaard 1999.Objective: The aim of the study was to estimate the incidence of social phobia in the general population.Method: The Baltimore cohort of 3481 subjects, sampled during the 1981 Epidemiologic Catchment Area study, was traced. A total of 1920 subjects were re‐interviewed from 1993 to 1996 using the Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS). A subsample of 349 subjects was interviewed by psychiatrists using the Schedules for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry.Results: The estimated incidence of DIS/DSM‐IV social phobia is 4–5/1000/year. New cases were found in all age groups, with the highest rates in subjects with baseline depressive and panic disorders. Psychiatric evaluations showed broad diagnostic concordance with DIS diagnoses in incident cases. However, validity indices were highly dependent on diagnostic thresholds. None of the psychiatrist‐ascertained social phobics had received treatment for the disorder, although the majority were considered likely to benefit from treatment.Conclusion: New cases of social phobia occur in adults of all age groups, and are often secondary to other psychiatric conditions.
Fluvoxamine for phobia of storms
Authors: Balon R. 
Published: November 2007

Balon R. Fluvoxamine for phobia of storms. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1999: 100: 244–246. © Munksgaard 1999.Specific phobias are not usually treated unless they are disabling. Behavioural therapy is the treatment of choice for disabling specific phobias. Pharmacotherapy is generally not considered to be effective in specific phobias, and is therefore not used for this indication. However, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors have been reported to be effective in various anxiety disorders, and may be effective in specific phobias as well. This case report describes the successful treatment of phobia of storms with fluvoxamine in an 11 ‐year‐old boy. Fluvoxamine and other selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors may be a suitable option for treatment of disabling cases of specific phobia when behavioural therapy is not feasible for various reasons.
Nocturnal sweating and temperature in depression
Authors: Aver D. H. , Shah S. H. , Eder D. N. , Wildschindtz G. 
Published: November 2007

ObjectivePatients with depression may have altered thermoregulation, such as high nocturnal core temperatures, decreased daytime sweating and subjective complaints of nocturnal sweating. We sought to compare nocturnal sweating in depressed patients and non‐depressed controls, and to assess the impact of REM sleep on sweat rates.MethodNocturnal sweat rate, nocturnal temperature and REM sleep were measured during the night in 9 controls and 8 depressed subjects; 7 depressed patients were assessed during recovery.ResultsThe nocturnal temperature was significantly higher in depressed patients compared to controls, and decreased significantly with recovery. The nocturnal sweat rates of depressed patients did not differ significantly from those of controls, but decreased significantly with recovery. Analyses of sweat rates before, during and after REM sleep indicated a trend for the entire sample to show a decrease in sweat rates during REM.ConclusionThe nocturnal sweating rates in the depressed patients suggest that impaired sweating is not the cause of the high nocturnal temperature commonly found in depressed patients.
Personality disorder and the Temperament and Character Inventory in the elderly
Authors: Casey J. E. , Joyce P. R. 
Published: November 2007

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of personality disorders in a group of elderly patients without an organic mental disorder and to examine the relationship between the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) and personality disorder symptoms in psychogeriatric clinical practice.MethodA total of 91 subjects completed the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM‐111‐R personality questionnaire and the 125‐item TCI.ResultsOf the 91 subjects, 34 individuals (31%) had at least one DSM‐111‐R personality disorder diagnosis, with avoidant, dependent and paranoid personality disorder being the most common. The trends and correlations between the temperament and character dimensions and the correlations between individual personality disorder symptoms and the dimensions were similar to those in the original model. The most significant findings were the strong negative correlations of the character scores of self‐directedness and co‐operativeness with the total number of personality disorder symptoms, and the fact that the self‐directedness scores predicted the number of personality disorder diagnoses.ConclusionThe reported prevalence rate is comparable to studies of both younger and older patient populations using similar methodology. The TCI provides a useful framework for further research on personality disorders in the elderly.
Anorexia nervosa in a Spanish adolescent sample: an 8‐year longitudinal study
Authors: Pla C. , Toro J. 
Published: November 2007

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to determine the intermediate‐term outcome of a sample of Spanish children and adolescents with anorexia nervosa (AN).MethodA total of 48 female patients were evaluated at a mean follow‐up time of 8 years by means of the Psychiatric Status Rating Scale, the Morgan and Russell Outcome Scale, a structured DSM‐III interview and several self‐report questionnaires. Their scores were compared with a sex‐ and age‐matched control group.ResultsThree patients (6%) still had AN, two (4%) had partial syndromes of anorexia, 11 patients (23%)) had recovered but still showed concern about foodlbody weight and 32 patients (67%) had recovered completely. The crude mortality rate was 2%).ConclusionThe majority of this sample of children and adolescents with anorexia nervosa sample recovered. Perfectionism and interpersonal distrust were significantly more common in the anorexic patients than in the controls. Depression and phobias, including social phobia, were the most common comorbid psychiatric diagnoses at follow‐up.
Obsessive‐compulsive syndromes in older adolescents
Authors: Maina G. , Albert U. , Bogetto F. , Ravizza L. 
Published: November 2007

ObjectiveThis report presents data on the prevalence of both obsessive‐compulsive disorder (OCD) and subthreshold obsessive‐compulsive syndrome (sOCS) in a representative sample of older male adolescents living in Piedmont, Italy.MethodA total of 1883 recruits to the Italian Defence Force were interviewed using the OC portion of the Diagnostic Interview Schedule. A diagnosis of sOCS was made for individuals who had obsessive and/or compulsive symptoms but who failed to meet one of the severity criteria of impairment.ResultsThe point and lifetime prevalence rates of OCD were 2.0% and 2.6%, respectively. In total, 12.3% of the subjects received a current diagnosis of sOCS. No differences were found when examining prevalence rates according to area of residence or occupational status of the subjects.ConclusionOur findings suggest that OCD is as common in older male adolescents as it is in adults, and that sOCS, being commonly endorsed in a general adolescent population, may represent a normal phenomenon in older adolescents.
A case of sequential anti‐stress medication in a patient with major depression resistant to amine‐reuptake inhibitors
Authors: Bech P. , Olsen L. Raabaek , Jarlφv N. , Hammer M. , Schütze T. , Breum L. 
Published: November 2007

Bech P, Raabæk Olsen L, Jarlφv N, Hammer M, Schütze T, Breum L. A case of sequential anti‐stress medication in a patient with major depression resistant to amine‐reuptake inhibitors.Acta Psychiatrica Scand 1999: 100: 76–78. © Munksgaard 1999.One of the predictive factors of treatment‐resistant depression is the syndrome of relative insulin resistance, i.e. adipositas, mild hypertension and a family history of type‐2 diabetes. Such a case is here reported with a good outcome to anti‐stress medication, including ketoconazole and lithium.
Temporal Regulation of Interleukin-12p70 (IL-12p70) and IL-12-Related Cytokines in Splenic Dendritic Cell Subsets duringLeishmania donovaniInfection
Authors: Maroof Asher , Kaye Paul M. 
Published: November 2007

ABSTRACTDendritic cells (DC) play an essential role in initiating and directing T-cell responses, in part by production of interleukin-12p70 (IL-12p70), IL-23, and IL-27. However, comparative studies on the capacity for cytokine production of DC subsets are rare. Here, we compare splenic CD8α+, CD4+, and double-negative (DN) DC, isolated 5 h to 28 days afterLeishmania donovaniinfection, for (i) production of IL-12p70, (ii) accumulation of IL-12/23p40, IL-12p35, IL-23p19, and IL-27p28 mRNAs, and (iii) their capacity to direct CD4+T-cell differentiation. At 5 h, conventional DC (cDC) accumulated mRNA for IL-12/23p40 (CD8α>CD4>DN), IL-23p19 (CD4>CD8α>DN), and IL-27p28 (CD8α>CD4>DN), in an infection dose-dependent manner. IL-12p70 was restricted to CD8α+cDC, reflecting the subset-specific accumulation of IL-12p35 mRNA. In contrast, cDC from mice infected for 14 to 28 days accumulated little mRNA for IL-12p40 and IL-12p19, though IL-27p28 mRNA remained detectable (CD8α>DN>CD4). IL-12p70 secretion by CD8α+cDC was also absent, reflecting deficient IL-12/23p40, rather than IL-12p35, mRNA accumulation. The capacity of CD8α+cDC isolated early after infection to direct Th1 cell differentiation was mediated through IL-12/23p40, whereas this ability in CD4+and DN cDC was independent of IL-12/23p40 and did not result from overexpression of Delta 4 Notch-like ligand. However, DN cDC produced gamma interferon (IFN-γ) and also contained a rare population of CD11chiDX5+IFN-γ-producing cells. Our data illustrate the extensive diversity in, and temporal regulation of, splenic cDC subsets during infection and suggest caution in interpreting data obtained with unfractionated or minimally purified DC.