bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fixed-time stabilization of underactuated cart-pendulum system based on hierarchical sliding mode control method
Authors: Fan Lu , Zhang Ancai , Liang Xiao , Zhang Xinghui , Qiu Jianlong 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

A cart-pendulum system is a typical underactuated mechanical system with two degrees of freedom and one control input. The fixed-time stabilization control problem for this system is studied in this paper. A fixed-time hierarchical sliding mode control method is developed to solve this problem. Firstly, the system is divided into two subsystems. And two first-level sliding mode surfaces are designed for these two subsystems respectively. Secondly, a second-level sliding mode surface is constructed by linearly combining two first-level sliding mode surfaces. After that, a hierarchical sliding mode controller is designed based on the designed sliding mode surfaces. It enables the state variables of closed-loop control system to be stabilized at the origin within a fixed-time. This means that the settling time can be limited within a range and does not depend on the initial state value of the system. Finally, a numerical example is given to show the effectiveness of the developed control method.
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Proximal Femoral Nail vs Bipolar Hemiarthroplasty for Femoral Neck Fracture
Authors: KUTLU Gamze , AKBULUT Yasemin 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background: Hip fractures are a serious public health problem with high rates of morbidity, mortality, disability and care costs. The aim of the research was to perform cost effectiveness analysis of hip fracture treatments using proximal femoral nail and bipolar hemiarthroplasty surgeries.
Methods: The analysis was completed based on the perspectives of the paying institution and patient. A decision tree model was used to determine whether proximal femoral nail or bipolar arthroplasty was most cost effective for the management of a femoral neck fracture in this patient population.
Results: The findings from the decision tree model suggested that ICERs for BHP were TRY 43,164.53 TL/QALY based on reimbursement and TRY 3,977.35 TL/QALY based on patient expenditures. Compared to the calculated threshold value of TRY 60.575 TL, we concluded BHP to be a cost-effective option. Moreover, all parameter changes yielded stable results on the one-way sensitivity analysis. When it comes to the probabilistic sensitivity analysis, BHP with specified threshold value was found to be cost-effective in all the comparisons. Currently available data the use of bipolar hemiarthroplasty as the more cost- effective treatment strategy in this specific population.
Conclusion: Overall, our findings showed HA as a cost-effective surgical technique at the calculated threshold in a population over 60 years of age. The impacts of HA on patients' quality of life and costs are remarkable.
Trace Elements in Industrial Buttermilk Effluent: An XRF Spectrometry Environmental Evaluation
Authors: MEGHZILI Batoul , Benyahia Férial Aziza , Bougherara hassina , sayoud siham , kebabi brahim 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

In Algeria, the disposal of over 300,000 liters of buttermilk daily by dairy industries into sewer systems, without a thorough analysis of its composition, presents significant environmental and economic challenges. This study seeks to rigorously assess and characterize the acid buttermilk produced by a leading dairy industry in Constantine, eastern Algeria, addressing the critical need for sustainable management practices in light of its high organic matter content.Buttermilk samples were procured from the foremost dairy farm in Constantine. The study employed standard laboratory methodologies to measure Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), pH, lactose, total nitrogen, nitrate, and nitrites. Mineral composition was analyzed via X-ray fluorescence spectrometry using OMNIAN software. Data analysis was conducted with Minitab 2018 to ensure statistical rigor.The analysis revealed high levels of BOD (312,110 ± 0.57 mg O2/L) and COD (90,351 ± 0.002 mg O2/L), indicating significant organic pollution potential. Nitrite and nitrate concentrations were recorded at 1.22 mg/L ± 1 and 0.0299 mg/L ± 0.0003, respectively, with total nitrogen at 0.467 ± 0.003. The pH was slightly acidic at 4.33 ± 0.125, and the temperature averaged at 15.66°C ± 0.75. Mineralogical analysis identified the presence of calcium, potassium, chloride, phosphorus, silicon, and magnesium, underscoring the environmental impact risk. This comprehensive assessment underscores the urgent need for effective buttermilk management strategies in Algerian dairy industries. Implementing sustainable practices is imperative to mitigate the environmental risks and enhance the economic viability of the sector.
Prevalence of Variations of Patterns of Cystic Artery and its’ Clinical Significance among Human Population: Systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Temesgen Tsegaab , Mulu Abay 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
The cystic artery, typically branching off from the right hepatic artery is a crucial anatomical structure commonly identified and managed during traditional or laparoscopic cholecystectomy. There is a risk of bleeding from the cystic artery during surgery, as well as potential harm to nearby ducts in hepato-biliary procedures. Understanding the potential variations in the origin of the cystic artery and Calot's triangle, as well as its relationship with surrounding structures, can help prevent unintentional damage during hepato-biliary surgeries. This study aims to evaluate the overall prevalence of variations in the cystic artery and its clinical significance in the global human population
Methods
This review is carried out in accordance with the protocol of Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. Condition, context and population framework approach was used. Articles were searched from PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, CINHAL, Web of Science and others. Data was clearly summarised and presented in tabular and narrative forms. In addition, meta–analyses were performed on methodologically comparable studies.
Results
Sixteen studies with a total of 1510 human cadaveric specimens were included for this systematic review and meta-analysis. The following anatomic variations were assessed: Variation of roots of origin, variation on numbers of vessels, variation of course, variation of branching pattern of cystic artery. The pooled global prevalence of the variation of roots of origin of cystic artery among human populations in these reviewed studies was 10.39 (95% CI: 7.09–13.69) and among the variant roots with their pooled prevalence include hepatic artery proper 2.99 (95% CI: 7.09–13.69), common hepatic artery 2.14 (1.22, 3.06), aberrant hepatic artery 3.22 (2.00, 4.45), gastro-duodenal artery 0.90 (0.16, 1.64) and superior mesenteric artery 4.14 (1.81, 6.48). The pooled prevalence of variation in numbers of vessels of cystic arteries was found to be 6.26 (95% CI: 3.56–8.97). The pooled prevalence of variation of course of cystic arteries which was identified to be outside Calot’s triangle was 31.42 (17.27, 45.57). The pooled prevalence of variation of branching pattern of cystic arteries was found to be 3.95 (0.60, 7.30). Our finding reported the pooled prevalence of cystic arteries continued as superficial branch is found to be 9.85 (2.29, 17.41) and those continued as a deep branch to be 2.6 (0.164, 5.3).
Conclusions and Recommendation:
This systematic review and meta-analysis is the first estimate of pooled prevalence of variation of patterns of cystic artery. Accordingly, the pooled global level prevalence of variant patterns of cystic artery is found to be considerable amount. A better understanding of anatomy of biliary apparatus and cystic artery can help decrease the surgical mortality in cholecystectomy.
Rare collision tumor in the sellar region - pituitary adenoma combined with craniopharyngioma and case review
Authors: xinkang shi , Jiaqi Li , Manxin Zhou , Tao Tang , feng ye 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Collision tumors in the sellar region are very rare, mainly formed by the coexistence of two or more primary tumors from different tissue sources in the sellar region. Among them, the combination of pituitary adenoma and craniopharyngioma is particularly rare. This case describes a particularly rare case of coexistence of pituitary adenoma and craniopharyngioma in the sellar region. The case is a 59-year old female who was admitted due to a feeling of heaviness of the head for 6 + months. Brain MRI examination confirmed the presence of masses in the pituitary gland and pituitary stalk. The patient underwent total resection of intrasellar lesions via nasal transsphenoidal approach under neuroendoscopy, and postoperative pathology and immunohistochemistry confirmed non-functional pituitary adenoma. At 22 months after surgery, the patient came to the hospital due to "unclear left eye vision for 1 month". Upon reexamination, the pituitary stalk tumor significantly increased compared to before. She underwent a second surgery, which involved a microsurgical total resection of the pituitary stalk tumor through a hemispherical longitudinal fissure approach. Postoperative pathology and immunohistochemistry confirmed the diagnosis of craniopharyngioma. Looking back at the diagnosis and treatment process of this case, it was found that pituitary adenoma and craniopharyngioma coexisted in the sellar region, which is a very rare case of collision tumor in the sellar region.
Stress Dynamics in Seoul's Social Mix Housing based on Housing Prices: Analyzing Discrimination and the Mitigating Role of Social Capital
Authors: Heun Kim Jea- , Sung Woo Ho- , Ja-Hoon Koo 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This study explores the impact of discrimination experience on stress levels among Seoul’s public social mix housing complex residents, emphasizing the moderating role of social capital. Utilizing the 2019 Seoul public housing (PH) panel data and an ordered logit model, the research categorizes residents based on personal and environmental factors, contrasting them across different local housing price levels. Findings reveal that while discrimination experience does not significantly impact stress, local housing prices positively correlate with stress. Interestingly, discrimination-induced stress is pronounced in high-priced areas linked to property inequality. Conversely, in lower-priced areas, this influence is less significant. Importantly, social capital demonstrates a significant moderating effect, mitigating stress across all residents. These results underscore the need for policy interventions that enhance social capital and address socioeconomic disparities in PH, highlighting the nuanced relationship between local housing prices, discrimination, and stress in urban communities.
Disease screening using Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Fuster-Palà Auba , Luna-Perejón Francisco , Domínguez-Morales Manuel 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This work presents a disease detection classifier based on symptoms encoded by their severity. This model is presented as part of the solution to the saturation of the healthcare system, aiding in the initial screening stage. An open-source dataset was used, which underwent pre-processing and served as the data source to train and test various machine learning models, including SVM, Random Forests, KNN, and ANNs. A 3-phase optimization process is developed to obtain the best classifier: first, the dataset is pre-processed; secondly, a grid search is performed with several hypermarameters variations to each classifier; and, finally, the best models obtained are subjected to an additional filtering processes. The best-results model, selected based on the performance and the execution time, is a KNN with 2 neighbors, which achieves an accuracy and F1 score of over 98\%. These results demonstrate the effectiveness and improvement of the evaluated models compared to previous studies, particularly in terms of accuracy. Although the ANN model has a longer execution time compared to KNN, it is retained in the work due to its potential to handle more complex datasets in a real clinical context.
Surviving the Inferno in Hopes of Reuniting with Family": Coping Strategies among Civilian Abductees Released from Captivity in Gaza
Authors: Levkovich Inbar , Elyoseph Zohar , Shinan-Altman Shiri 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background: The trauma of captivity manifests in a wide range of psychological and physical symptoms. Not many studies have examined civilian captivity. The aim of the research is to understand the dynamics of individuals who were liberated from captivity, focusing on the coping mechanisms.
Methods: This qualitative research study examined the coping resources of civilian abductees through thematic analysis of the testimonies of 33 Israeli civilians aged 18-85 who were abducted by Hamas on October 7, 2023, as reported in Israeli online news sources. Most of the abductees were women (96.7%) who had been in captivity from 48 to 55 days.
Results: The research reveals that they utilized personal coping strategies to endure the harsh conditions of their captivity, such as maintaining hope by thinking of their families, adhering to routines, engaging in physical activities, and using their imagination to assert control and distract themselves from their dire situation. Some actively avoided intense negative emotions to prevent mental breakdown amidst continuous trauma. They also utilized interpersonal coping strategies by forming strong interpersonal bonds, which played a crucial role in their resilience and coping and fostered a sense of belonging. The captives provided each other vital emotional support and shared their resources with children, thus enhancing group solidarity and survival strategies. Additionally, they cultivated reciprocal relationships with their captors as a strategy for mitigating the severity of their captivity. This research highlights the coping resources utilized by captives despite the challenging circumstances of their captivity.
Conclusions: The study’s findings suggest that released hostages should be provided immediate psychological treatment upon their return to help them integrate narratives of strength and resilience into their complex stories.Top of Form
True random number generators with flicker noise: stochastic model, min-entropy calculation and online test
Authors: Zitko Rok 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Flicker (pink, 1/\(f\)) noise is ubiquitous in all electronic devices, including in oscillator circuits used in true random number generators (TRNGs) based on jitter. Flicker noise produces strong serial correlations with very slow decay in time. We present a stochastic model for counter-mode TRNGs that takes the effects of such time correlations into account. Key parameters in the model are the spectral strengths of the pink and white noise components, as well as the low-frequency cutoff for the flicker noise spectrum. The random bits are defined as the least significant bit of consecutive integer-valued count numbers. We present the dependence of autocorrelations and min-entropy of generated random bits on model parameters. The autocorrelation between the bits is suppressed by increasing the strength of either pink or white noise, but it remains long-ranged (power-law decay). The power-law exponent depends linearly on the strength of pink noise, while the prefactor depends exponentially on both strengths. We determine the min-entropy per bit from a careful analysis of long-time sequences. It approaches the value of 1 approximately as a stretched exponential function of the flicker noise strength: highly entropic random bit generators can thus be designed even in the presence of strong flicker noise. We also propose an effective and efficient online health test for generators of this type.
Blood Pressure as a Key Mediator in the Link Between Type 2 Diabetes and Heart Failure: Insights from Mendelian Randomization
Authors: Yan Zian , Fu Shuangqing , Zhang Jinhui , Chen Jingjing , Guo Lijun , Liu Yicheng , Huang Pingping , Mao Yiyi , Bai Ruina , Ma Xiaochang 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
Despite substantial research investigating the relationship between Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) and Heart Failure (HF), the specifics and dynamics of this correlation remain a subject of debate. This study seeks to elucidate the genetic determinants underlying the causal relationship between T2D and HF.
Methods
Genetic analyses were performed utilizing summary statistics derived from recent, extensive Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWASs), focusing on T2D, HF and various mediators. Linkage disequilibrium score regression (LDSC) analysis and both univariable and multivariable Mendelian Randomization (MR) analyses were employed to assess the causal relationships among these conditions. The primary approach for MR analysis was the inverse-variance weighted method.
Results
LDSC analysis identified a significant genetic correlation between T2D and HF. Univariable MR analyses demonstrated that genetically inferred T2D was causally linked to an increased risk of both HF and chronic heart failure (CHF). Reverse MR analysis indicated a potential genetic causal relationship from CHF to T2D. However, no significant genetic causal relationships were detected between glycemic traits in non-diabetic population and HF. When adjusting for body mass index, waist-hip ratio (WHR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and coronary artery disease in multivariate MR, the association between T2D and HF was vanished, particularly for SBP, and likely for WHR. The MR findings relating to T2D and left ventricular function traits further reinforced this evidence.
Conclusions
Our research suggests that SBP is likely a primary mediator in the relationship between T2D and HF, with the influence of WHR on this association also meriting closer examination. Effective management of blood pressure in patients with T2D, dependent of glucose level control, is crucial for reducing the risk of heart failure complication. Moderate weight control strategies targeting WHR may possess certain significance.
The Speed Prediction Research of Peak Particle Vibration Velocity in Underwater Blasting Based on GWO-SVR
Authors: Sun Juntao , Huang Jingzhu , He Zhiwei , Wang Jiahe , Zhan Dawei , Zhu Qingxiong 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The blasting vibration produced in the blasting process of underwater engineering brings serious damage to the surrounding environment. Predicting blasting peak particle velocity (PPV) is one of the effective ways to alleviate the problem. To further improve the prediction accuracy of blast PPV, the grey wolf optimization (GWO) algorithm is used in this paper to optimize the penalty factor and radial basis kernel function parameters of support vector regression (SVR) model iteratively, and a blasting PPV prediction model was established. Taking the Dajin Island water intake open channel of the Phase 1 project of Guangdong Taishan Nuclear Power Station as the engineering background, according to the relevant parameters of blasting vibration recorded in 30 blasting tests, taking into account blasting design parameters and geological conditions, a database consisting of 12 inputs (hole length (HL), spacing (S), row spacing (Rs), burden (B), stemming length (ls), the distance of blasting center (Bd), height differential elevation (Hde), seawater pressure (Ps), powder factor (PF), maximum charge of single hole (Qsmax), maximum charge per delay (Qmax) and total charge (Qtot) and 1 output (PPV)) was established. Then, the grey wolf optimization-support vector regression (GWO-SVR) model, double-layer neural network, medium decision tree, and empirical SVR model are used to establish a prediction model for the PPV in underwater blasting respectively, and the prediction results are compared and analyzed. The results are as follows: the actual value - predicted value diagram and residual comparison show that the prediction effect of PPV based on the double layer neural network model is the worst in underwater blasting. The comparison of regression evaluation indexes shows that GWO-SVR is the best method for predicting PPV in underwater blasting; its R2 is 0.9285, RMSE is 0.21424, MSE is 0.0459 and MAE is 0.1625. The research results can provide a theoretical reference for the construction of similar underwater blasting projects, and provide a scientific basis for delineating a reasonable safety warning range for similar underwater blasting projects.
Geospatial Analysis of Landslide Susceptibility in Pulwama, Jammu and Kashmir: A Multi- Criteria Decision-Making Approach
Authors: Bose Mahalingam , Behera Indrakant 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Landslides poses serious threat to human and environment which involves sliding of rock, soil and debris down a hill. Creating a landslide susceptibility map is crucial for prevention, prediction and mitigation of these disasters. Pulwama district of Jammu & Kashmir faces significant risks due to its rugged topography, intense rainfall, and various anthropogenic activities. This study employs Multi Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) and Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP), in Geographic Information System (GIS) to identify landslide susceptibility zones in Pulwama, Jammu & Kashmir. Ten factors such as elevation, slope, lithology, rainfall, soil, geology, geomorphology, and distance from lineament, streams, and vegetation cover are evaluated through pairwise comparisons using AHP. Weighted Overlay Analysis (WOA), a spatial analysis method has been applied in ArcGIS Pro to determine weights and is validated by consistency ratio calculation. This study identifies three zones: low, moderate, and high, with approximately one-quarter of the area primarily in northern & north-eastern parts being highly susceptible. Implementing strict mitigation measures, proper land use regulation, slope stabilization techniques, and afforestation is crucial to reduce the impact of landslides.
Static Reflective Surfaces for Improved Terahertz Coverage
Authors: Le Thanh , Singh Suresh 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

LoS (Line of Sight) MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) is considered the best way to deliver high capacity channels for terahertz communications due to the severe attenuation suffered by reflected components. Unfortunately, terahertz links are easily blocked by any obstruction resulting in link breakage. Therefore, it is necessary to provide alternative paths via reflectors. A problem shared by LoS paths and reflected paths (via polished reflectors) is that the channel matrix is rank 1 in the far-field. As a result, the achieved capacity is lower than what can theoretically be achieved in a rich multi-path environment. In this work, we simultaneously solve the channel rank problem and the coverage problem by using static reflective surfaces which provide limited scattering of the incident signal in a way that minimizes signal loss but provides multiple paths to the receiver with varying phase. We construct such a surface and characterize the received signal using a terahertz testbed. We show that using our surface, we can improve channel capacity for 2x2 LoS MIMO. We also develop a theoretical model for the received signal and show that the reflected capacity matches the measured capacity well.