bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation on Electrochemical Behavior and Scavenging Superoxide Anion Ability of Chrysin at Mercury Electrode
Authors: Jian‐Bin Zheng , Hong‐Fang Zhang , Hong Gao 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThe electrochemical behavior of chrysin in pH 2.0‐9.0 Britton‐Robinson (B‐R) buffer solutions was studied by the means of linear sweep voltammetry and cyclic voltammetry at a static mercury drop electrode. In different pH range of B‐R buffer solutions, chrysin could cause four reduction waves. In pH 2.0‐5.8 B‐R buffer solutions, wave P1yielded by chrysin is a one‐electron reduction wave, and wave P1′caused by further reduction of the products of wave P1in pH<3.0 B‐R buffer solution is also a one‐electron reduction wave. But in 3.0<pH<5.8 B‐R buffer solution wave P1′was overlapped by the hydrogen wave. Between pH 5.8 and 9.0, chrysin could yield two reduction waves P2and P3. The former is an irreversible adsorptive wave of ionized chrysin involving one electron and the latter is also an irreversible adsorptive wave of reduction intermediate radical of chrysin involving one electron and one proton. And a linear relationship between ip3and the concentration of chrysin can be established from 1.0× 10‐6to 4.0×10‐5mol·L‐1(r=0.9924) with the detection limit of 5×10‐7mol·L‐1. In addition, the antioxidant ability of chrysin was investigated by linear sweep voltammetry (LSV). The determination result of IC50of chrysin showed that chrysin is a good antioxidant.
Synthesis and Characterization of Copolymercore‐Silvershell Composite Microspheres
Authors: Chang‐Hua Zhou , Jing‐Fang Zhou , Zhi‐Shen Wu , Zhi‐Jun Zhang , Ping‐Yu Zhang 
Published: October 2005

AbstractComposite microspheres composed of monodispersed poly(St‐co‐MAA) latices with diameter about 260 nm as core and Ag nanocrystals as shell were prepared by an in situ reduction method. The shell thickness could be controlled in the range of 15‐45 nm by this coating process. The structure and the composition of the core‐shell microspheres were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X‐ray diffractometry (XRD), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and thermogravimetric analysis (TG). The formation of the composite microspheres is explained by the nucleation of silver on the surface of the latices followed by growth of the silver shell.
A Mild and Efficient Synthesis of 5‐Oxo‐5,6,7,8‐tetrahydro‐4H‐benzo‐[b]‐pyran Derivatives in Room Temperature Ionic Liquids
Authors: Zhao‐Qin Jiang , Shun‐Jun Ji , Jun Lu , Jin‐Ming Yang 
Published: October 2005

AbstractA one‐pot synthesis of a series of 5‐oxo‐5,6,7,8‐tetrahydro‐4H‐benzo‐[b]‐pyran derivatives via three‐component coupling reactions of aldehydes, dimedone and malononitrile in room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) without any catalyst has been reported. In the meantime, the reuse of ionic liquids and the effect of different ionic liquids as solvent on the reaction have also been investigated.
Thermodynamic Analysis of the Interaction between Cationic Porphyrins and Human Serum Albumin by an Optical Biosensor
Authors: Yi‐Min Qin , Ni‐Na Pan , Yong‐Xing Jian , Zao‐Ying Li , Guo‐Lin Zou 
Published: October 2005

AbstractAn optical biosensor with a stirred cuvette has been used to monitor the interaction between immobilized human serum albumin (HSA) and three water‐soluble cationic porphyrins. The binding constants at 25 °C obtained from biosensor analysis were compared with those from fluorescence spectroscopy. The interactions were further investigated at temperatures from 15 °C to 30 °C. The thermodynamics parameters, changes of free energy (ΔG), enthalpy (ΔH) and entropy (ΔS), were evaluated from equilibrium data. It appeared that the binding process was governed primarily by electrostatic forces.
Intramolecular C→N 1,3‐Migration of Alkoxycarbonyl or Acetyl Group‐Applications, Limitations and Mechanism
Authors: Yuri G Gololobov 
Published: October 2005

AbstractA new type of intramolecular electrophilic rearrangements involving the shift of alkoxycarbonyl or acetyl groups from a carbon atom to an N‐anionic center is presented.
Combined Transient Spectra and Semiempirical Calculation of [60]Fullerenes Attached with Piperidinodithiocarboxylate and 7‐Chloro‐phenazine
Authors: He‐Ping Zeng , Yan‐Li Yang , Li‐Jun Wen 
Published: October 2005

Abstract[60]Fullerenes attached with piperidinodithiocarboxylate dyad (1) and 7‐chloro‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydrophenazine (2) were efficiently synthesized through Diels‐Alder cycloaddition with dienes. The physical properties of the triplet states of these compounds, in which strong electron acceptor moieties were covalently attached to C60 cores, were investigated by nanosecond laser flash photolysis. The excited triplet states in benzonitrile have been evaluated by observing the transient absorption bands in the near‐IR region. The HOMO and LUMO were calculated by semiempirical methods AM1, which could predict the intramolecular photoinduced electron transfer in 1 and 2, and the nanosecond transient absorption spectra observed experimentally in solution were in excellent agreement with the calculated ones.
Results of a randomized controlled trial to increase colorectal cancer screening in a managed care health plan
Authors: Ganz Patricia A. , Farmer Melissa M. , Belman Michael J. , Garcia Christine A. , Streja Leanne , Dietrich Allen J. , Winchell Charlotte , Bastani Roshan , Kahn Katherine L. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDColorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cause of cancer deaths; however, rates of regular screening for this cancer are low. A quality improvement (QI) program to increase CRC screening was developed for use in a managed care health plan.METHODSThirty‐six provider organizations (POs) contracting with the health plan were recruited for a randomized controlled effectiveness trial testing the QI program. The intervention was delivered over a 2‐year period, and its effectiveness was assessed by chart review of a random sample of patients from each PO.RESULTSThirty‐two of the 36 POs were evaluable for outcome assessment. During the 2‐year intervention period, only 26% of the eligible patients received any CRC screening test. Twenty‐nine percent of patients had any CRC screening test within guidelines, with no differences between the intervention or control POs. Significant predictors of having received CRC screening within guidelines were older age (P = 0.0004), receiving care in an integrated medical group (P < 0.0001) and having had a physical examination within the past 2 years (P < 0.0001).CONCLUSIONSA facilitated QI intervention program for CRC screening that focused on the PO did not increase rates of CRC screening. Overall CRC screening rates are low and are in need of improvement. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Bilateral symmetric organization of neural elements in the visual system of a coelenterate, Tripedalia cystophora (Cubozoa)
Authors: Parkefelt Linda , Skogh Charlotta , Nilsson Dan‐Eric , Ekström Peter 
Published: October 2005

AbstractCubozoans differ from other cnidarians by their body architecture and nervous system structure. In the medusa stage they possess the most advanced visual system within the phylum, located in sophisticated sensory structures, rhopalia. The rhopalium is a club‐shaped structure with paired pit‐shaped pigment cup eyes, paired slit‐shaped pigment cup eyes, and two complex camera‐type eyes: one small upper lens eye and one large lower lens eye. The medusa carries four rhopalia and visual processing and locomotor rhythm generation takes place in the rhopalia. We show here a bilaterally symmetric organization of neurons, with commissures connecting the two sides, in the rhopalium of the cubozoan Tripedalia cystophora. The fortuitous observation that a subset of neurons is strongly immunoreactive for a PCNA (proliferating cell nuclear antigen)‐like epitope allowed us to analyze the organization of these neurons in detail. Distinct PCNA‐immunoreactive (PCNA‐ir) nuclei form six bilateral pairs that are associated with the slit eyes, pit eyes, upper lens eye, and the posterior wall of the rhopalium. Three commissures connect the clusters of the two sides and all clusters in the rhopalium have connections to the area around the base of the stalk. This neuronal system provides an anatomical substrate for integration of visual signals from the different eyes. J. Comp. Neurol. 492:251–262, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Postnatal changes of vesicular glutamate transporter (VGluT)1 and VGluT2 immunoreactivities and their colocalization in the mouse forebrain
Authors: Nakamura Kouichi , Hioki Hiroyuki , Fujiyama Fumino , Kaneko Takeshi 
Published: October 2005

AbstractVesicular glutamate transporter 1 (VGluT1) and VGluT2 accumulate neurotransmitter glutamate into synaptic vesicles at presynaptic terminals, and their antibodies are thus considered to be a good marker for glutamatergic axon terminals. In the present study, we investigated the postnatal development and maturation of glutamatergic neuronal systems by single‐ and double‐immunolabelings for VGluT1 and VGluT2 in mouse forebrain including the telencephalon and diencephalon. VGluT2 immunoreactivity was widely distributed in the forebrain, particularly in the diencephalon, from postnatal day 0 (P0) to adulthood, suggesting relatively early maturation of VGluT2‐loaded glutamatergic axons. In contrast, VGluT1 immunoreactivity was intense only in the limbic regions at P0, and drastically increased in the other telencephalic and diencephalic regions during three postnatal weeks. Interestingly, VGluT1 immunoreactivity was frequently colocalized with VGluT2 immunoreactivity at single axon terminal‐like profiles in layer IV of the primary somatosensory area from P5 to P10 and in the ventral posteromedial thalamic nucleus from P0 to P14. This was in sharp contrast to the finding that almost no colocalization was found in glomeruli of the olfactory bulb, patchy regions of the caudate‐putamen, and the ventral posterolateral thalamic nucleus, where moderate to intense immunoreactivities for VGluT1 and VGluT2 were intermingled with each other in neuropil during postnatal development. The present results indicate that VGluT2‐loaded glutamatergic axons maturate earlier than VGluT1‐laden axons in the mouse telencephalic and diencephalic regions, and suggest that VGluT1 plays a transient developmental role in some glutamatergic systems that mainly use VGluT2 in the adulthood. J. Comp. Neurol. 492:263–288, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nicotinamide promotes long‐term survival and extensive neurite outgrowth in ultimobranchial C cells cultured from chick embryos
Authors: Miura Masaaki , Kameda Yoko 
Published: October 2005

AbstractIn avian species, the ultimobranchial anlage is populated with neuronal cells derived from the distal vagal ganglion. We found that ultimobranchial C cells of chick embryos cultured in the presence of nicotinamide continued to grow for at least 60 days and exhibited profound morphological changes, resulting in the formation of dense networks of neuronal fibers. Nicotinamide, thus, facilitated the manifestation of neuronal features in C cells. The neuronal phenotypes of cultured C cells were analyzed in detail by both scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Their neural nature was also positively established by immunostaining with monoclonal antibodies to the neuronal markers neuron‐specific class III β‐tubulin (TuJ1), microtubule‐associated protein (MAP) 2, and synaptophysin. Confocal laser scanning microscopy confirmed that these neuron‐specific proteins are colocalized with calcitonin in both the somata and the neuronal processes of C cells. Furthermore, reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction analyses, performed at various times up to 30 days in culture, indicated that the C cells have persistent gene expression of calcitonin, the catecholamine‐synthesizing enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase, proenkephalin, proopiomelanocortin, neuron‐specific β‐tubulin (cβ4), SCG10, and Bcl‐2. The morphological responses of C cells to nicotinamide treatment were analyzed quantitatively over a period of 60 days. The area of C‐cell colonies, number of processes per colony, and length of processes continued to increase until culture day 45. In conclusion, nicotinamide stimulates long‐term survival and neuronal differentiation of chick embryo C cells, and this culture system may provide a useful model for studying neuronal differentiation mechanisms. J. Comp. Neurol. 492:334–348, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Patterns of axonal branching of neurons of the substantia nigra pars reticulata and pars lateralis in the rat
Authors: Cebrián Carolina , Parent André , Prensa Lucía 
Published: October 2005

AbstractAxons from neurons of the rat substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr) and pars lateralis (SNl) were traced after injecting their cell body with biotinylated dextran amine. Thirty‐two single axons were reconstructed from serial sagittal sections with a camera lucida, whereas four other SNr axons were reconstructed in the coronal plane to determine whether they innervate the contralateral hemisphere. Four distinct types of SNr projection neurons were identified based on their main axonal targets: type I neurons that project to the thalamus; type II neurons that target the thalamus, the superior colliculus (SC), and the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus (PPTg); type III neurons that project to the periaqueductal gray matter and the thalamus; and type IV neurons that target the deep mesencephalic nucleus (DpMe) and the SC. The axons of the SNl showed the same branching patterns as SNr axons of types I, II, and IV. The coronal reconstructions demonstrated that SNr neurons innervate the thalamus, the SC, and the DpMe bilaterally. At the thalamic level, SNr and SNl axons targeted preferentially the ventral medial, ventral lateral, paracentral, parafascicular, and mediodorsal nuclei. Axons reaching the SC arborized selectively within the deep layers of this structure. Our results reveal that the SNr and SNl harbor several subtypes of projection neurons endowed with a highly patterned set of axon collaterals. This organization allows single neurons of these output structures of the basal ganglia to exert a multifaceted influence on a wide variety of diencephalic and midbrain structures. J. Comp. Neurol. 492:349–369, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Coexpression of cholinergic and noradrenergic phenotypes in human and nonhuman autonomic nervous system
Authors: Weihe Eberhard , Schütz Burkhard , Hartschuh Wolfgang , Anlauf Martin , Schäfer Martin K. , Eiden Lee E. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractIt has long been known that the sympathetic innervation of the sweat glands is cholinergic in most mammalian species and that, during development, rodent sympathetic cholinergic sweat gland innervation transiently expresses noradrenergic traits. We show here that some noradrenergic traits persist in cholinergic sympathetic innervation of the sweat glands in rodents but that lack of expression of the vesicular monoamine transporter renders these cells functionally nonnoradrenergic. Adult human sweat gland innervation, however, is not only cholinergic but coexpresses all of the proteins required for full noradrenergic function as well, including tyrosine hydroxylase, aromatic amino acid decarboxylase, dopamine β‐hydroxylase, and the vesicular monoamine transporter VMAT2. Thus, cholinergic/noradrenergic cotransmission is apparently a unique feature of the primate autonomic sympathetic nervous system. Furthermore, sympathetic neurons innervating specifically the cutaneous arteriovenous anastomoses (Hoyer‐Grosser organs) in humans also possess a full cholinergic/noradrenergic cophenotype. Cholinergic/noradrenergic coexpression is absent from other portions of the human sympathetic nervous system but is extended in the parasympathetic nervous system to intrinsic neurons innervating the heart. These observations suggest a mode of autonomic regulation, based on corelease of norepinephrine and acetylcholine at parasympathocardiac, sudomotor, and selected vasomotor neuroeffector junctions, that is unique to the primate peripheral nervous system. J. Comp. Neurol. 492:370–379, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression of the zebrafish Iroquois genes during early nervous system formation and patterning
Authors: Lecaudey Virginie , Anselme Isabelle , Dildrop Renate , Rüther Ulrich , Schneider‐Maunoury Sylvie 
Published: October 2005

AbstractIroquois genes are involved in many patterning processes during development. In particular, they act as prepattern genes to control proneural gene expression both in Drosophila and in vertebrates. In this paper, we have analyzed the expression during embryogenesis of the 11 zebrafish Iroquois genes, with special interest for nervous system formation and patterning. During the first 2 days of development, Iroquois genes are expressed in distinct domains in the neuroepithelium, as well as in groups of neuronal progenitors and neurons. They are also expressed at different stages of placodal development. These expression patterns are similar to the patterns of the murine irx genes and also show features specific to teleosts. For the zebrafish Iroquois gene family, we find both specific patterns and patterns conserved within a cluster, between paralogues, or in most genes of the family. Overall, these expression data suggest functions for the Iroquois family of transcription factors in neural and placodal patterning, neurogenesis, and neuronal specification. J. Comp. Neurol. 492:289–302, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Performance comparison of MPI and OpenMP on shared memory multiprocessors
Authors: Krawezik Géraud , Cappello Franck 
Published: October 2005

AbstractWhen using a shared memory multiprocessor, the programmer faces the issue of selecting the portable programming model which will provide the best performance. Even if they restricts their choice to the standard programming environments (MPI and OpenMP), they have to select a programming approach among MPI and the variety of OpenMP programming styles.To help the programmer in their decision, we compare MPI with three OpenMP programming styles (loop level, loop level with large parallel sections, SPMD) using a subset of the NAS benchmark (CG, MG, FT, LU), two dataset sizes (A and B), and two shared memory multiprocessors (IBM SP3 NightHawk II, SGI Origin 3800). We have developed the first SPMD OpenMP version of the NAS benchmark and gathered other OpenMP versions from independent sources (PBN, SDSC and RWCP). Experimental results demonstrate that OpenMP provides competitive performance compared with MPI for a large set of experimental conditions. Not surprisingly, the two best OpenMP versions are those requiring the strongest programming effort. MPI still provides the best performance under some conditions. We present breakdowns of the execution times and measurements of hardware performance counters to explain the performance differences. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bridging the language gap in scientific computing: the Chasm approach
Authors: Rasmussen C. E. , Sottile M. J. , Shende S. S. , Malony A. D. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractChasm is a toolkit providing seamless language interoperability between Fortran 95 and C++. Language interoperability is important to scientific programmers because scientific applications are predominantly written in Fortran, while software tools are mostly written in C++. Two design features differentiate Chasm from other related tools. First, we avoid the common‐denominator type systems and programming models found in most Interface Definition Language (IDL)‐based interoperability systems. Chasm uses the intermediate representation generated by a compiler front‐end for each supported language as its source of interface information instead of an IDL. Second, bridging code is generated for each pairwise language binding, removing the need for a common intermediate data representation and multiple levels of indirection between the caller and callee. These features make Chasm a simple system that performs well, requires minimal user intervention and, in most instances, bridging code generation can be performed automatically. Chasm is also easily extensible and highly portable. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
PALM: a computational framework for assembling high‐performance computing applications
Authors: Buis Samuel , Piacentini Andrea , Déclat Damien 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThe PALM project aims to implement a general tool allowing the easy integration of high‐performance computing applications in a flexible and evolutive way. It was originally designed for oceanographic data assimilation algorithms, but its application domain extends to multiple scientific applications. In the framework of PALM, applications are split into elementary components that can exchange data. The main features of PALM are the dynamic launching of the coupled components, the full independence of the components from the application algorithm, the parallel data exchanges with redistribution and the separation of the physics from the algebraic manipulations performed by the PALM algebra toolbox. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cooperative Photochemical Reaction Mechanism of Femtosecond Laser‐Induced Photocoloration in Spirooxazine Microcrystals
Authors: Suzuki Mototsugu , Asahi Tsuyoshi , Masuhara Hiroshi 
Published: October 2005

AbstractMicrocrystalline powders of spirooxazine and spiropyran compounds do not show photocoloration under steady‐state illumination, whereas they undergo photochromism on intense femtosecond laser‐pulse excitation. We investigated the characteristic mechanism of the crystalline photochromism by studying the photocoloration of spironaphthooxazine (SNO) and its chloro‐substituted derivative (Cl‐SNO) with our femtosecond diffuse‐reflectance spectroscopic system. In particular, femtosecond double‐pulse excitation using 390+780‐nm pulses and 390+390‐nm pulses, with a variable time interval between the two pulses, was applied to reveal an intermediate species involved in the photocoloration. Although 780‐nm excitation of an intermediate produced by 390‐nm excitation did not lead to isomerization, the 390+390‐nm excitation resulted in photocoloration. The yield for SNO decreased on increasing the interval from 40 ps to 5 ns, while that for Cl‐SNO was constant. The photocoloration mechanism in the crystalline phase is considered from the viewpoint of the time‐dependent density of short‐lived transient species, and it is concluded that cooperative interactions of excited states and nonplanar open forms play an important role in femtosecond laser‐induced photochromism in these crystals.
Performance analysis of CDMA cellular networks with channel sub‐rating
Authors: Yamanaka Sachiko , Shimohara Katsunori 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThis paper presents the analysis of CDMA cellular networks with channel sub‐rating. From users' point of view, our considered scheme gives higher priority to handoff calls over new calls by sub‐rating the existing connections when handoff calls find no idle channels upon their arrivals. Therefore, it is considered that the disadvantage of the soft handoff which needs more channels than the hard handoff is made up for. Handoff calls can also wait in a queue while they are in handoff areas if all channels are sub‐rated in the cell of interest. We mathematically model this scheme by applying queueing theory. Then, we analyse its performance to derive the blocking probabilities of the new and handoff calls, the probability that handoff calls leave the handoff area without getting new channels, the degradation ratio of the voice quality by sub‐rating, mean and coefficient of variation of the waiting time of handoff calls. In numerical results, the analytical results are compared with the simulation ones to validate our analytical approach. Moreover, we compare the sub‐rating scheme with full‐rating one with respect to some characteristic values to show the effect of sub‐rating. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.