bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Negotiations on information‐seeking expertise
Authors: Sundin Olof 
Published: February 2008

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to show how different approaches to information literacy, such as are mediated through web‐based tutorials, are used as tools in negotiating the information‐seeking expertise of university librarians.Design/methodology/approachA textual analysis of 31 web‐based Scandinavian tutorials for information literacy has been conducted. The similarities and differences identified are analysed as linguistic expressions of different approaches to information literacy. The approaches are seen as constructions based on a dialogue between the empirical data and the theoretical departure points.FindingsFour approaches to information literacy emerge in the results: a source approach, a behaviour approach, a process approach, and a communication approach. The approaches entail different perspectives on information literacy. They impart diverging understandings of key concepts such as “information”, “information seeking” and the “user”.Practical implicationsA reflective awareness of different approaches to information literacy is important for both researchers and LIS practitioners, since the approaches that come into play have practical consequences for the operation of user education.Originality/valueThe present study supplements the information literacy research field by combining empirical findings with theoretical reflections.
What do citation counts measure? A review of studies on citing behavior
Authors: Bornmann Lutz , Daniel Hans‐Dieter 
Published: February 2008

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present a narrative review of studies on the citing behavior of scientists, covering mainly research published in the last 15 years. Based on the results of these studies, the paper seeks to answer the question of the extent to which scientists are motivated to cite a publication not only to acknowledge intellectual and cognitive influences of scientific peers, but also for other, possibly non‐scientific, reasons.Design/methodology/approachThe review covers research published from the early 1960s up to mid‐2005 (approximately 30 studies on citing behavior‐reporting results in about 40 publications).FindingsThe general tendency of the results of the empirical studies makes it clear that citing behavior is not motivated solely by the wish to acknowledge intellectual and cognitive influences of colleague scientists, since the individual studies reveal also other, in part non‐scientific, factors that play a part in the decision to cite. However, the results of the studies must also be deemed scarcely reliable: the studies vary widely in design, and their results can hardly be replicated. Many of the studies have methodological weaknesses. Furthermore, there is evidence that the different motivations of citers are “not so different or ‘randomly given’ to such an extent that the phenomenon of citation would lose its role as a reliable measure of impact”.Originality/valueGiven the increasing importance of evaluative bibliometrics in the world of scholarship, the question “What do citation counts measure?” is a particularly relevant and topical issue.
Searching for digital images on the web
Authors: Jansen Bernard J. 
Published: February 2008

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the way in which end user searching on the web has become the primary method of locating digital images for many people. This paper seeks to investigate how users structure these image queries.Design/methodology/approachThis study investigates the structure and formation of image queries on the web by mapping a sample of web queries to three known query classification schemes for image searching (i.e. Enser and McGregor, Jörgensen, and Chen).FindingsThe results indicate that the features and attributes of web image queries differ relative to image queries utilized on other information retrieval systems and by other user populations. This research points to the need for five additional attributes (i.e. collections, pornography, presentation, URL, and cost) in order to classify web image queries, which were not present in any of the three prior classification schemes.Research limitations/implicationsPatterns in web searching for image content do emerge that inform the design of web‐based multimedia systems, namely, that there is a high interest in locating image collections by web searchers. Objects and people images are the predominant interest for web searchers. Cost is a factor for web searching. This knowledge of the structure of web image queries has implications for the design of image information retrieval systems and repositories, especially in the area of automatic tagging of images with metadata.Originality/valueThis is the first research that examines whether or not one can apply image query classifications schemes to web image queries.
Understanding the information and communication technology needs of the e‐humanist
Authors: Toms Elaine G. , O'Brien Heather L. 
Published: February 2008

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to understand the needs of humanists with respect to information and communication technology (ICT) in order to prescribe the design of an e‐humanist's workbench.Design/methodology/approachA web‐based survey comprising over 60 questions gathered the following data from 169 humanists: profile of the humanist, use of ICT in teaching, e‐texts, text analysis tools, access to and use of primary and secondary sources, and use of collaboration and communication tools.FindingsHumanists conduct varied forms of research and use multiple techniques. They rely on the availability of inexpensive, quality‐controlled e‐texts for their research. The existence of primary sources in digital form influences the type of research conducted. They are unaware of existing tools for conducting text analyses, but expressed a need for better tools. Search engines have replaced the library catalogue as the key access tool for sources. Research continues to be solitary with little collaboration among scholars.Research limitations/implicationsThe results are based on a self‐selected sample of humanists who responded to a web‐based survey. Future research needs to examine the work of the scholar at a more detailed level, preferably through observation and/or interviewing.Practical implicationsThe findings support a five‐part framework that could serve as the basis for the design of an e‐humanist's workbench.Originality/valueThe paper examines the needs of the humanist, founded on an integration of information science research and humanities computing for a more comprehensive understanding of the humanist at work.
Research journal articles as document genres: exploring their role in knowledge organization
Authors: Montesi Michela , Mackenzie Owen John 
Published: February 2008

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to outline how article genres, or article types, are classified and described in the disciplines of biology, education, and software engineering. By using the expression article genres, emphasis is placed on the social role of journal articles that, as such, accomplish specific communicative functions and are intended for a certain context and audience.Design/methodology/approachDrawing on this idea, the instructions to authors of the research journals cited in the Journal Citation Reports for each of the three disciplines are analysed.FindingsThe information provided by the instructions to authors of major publications in the fields studied allows one to describe the following article genres: major articles, theoretical articles, review articles, short articles, practice‐oriented articles, case studies, comment and opinion, and reviews.Research limitations/implicationsResults show that article genres reflect the nature of research in each field to the extent that using them to describe items along with topic may improve management and retrieval of scientific documents. In addition, article genres perform specific communicative functions within disciplinary communities, which accounts for both emerging types of articles and variations in traditional types.Originality/valueThe paper summarizes the information on article genres available in the instructions to authors of scientific journals in the disciplines of biology, education and software engineering. It attempts to show how results can mirror the nature of research in each field as well as current debates within each discipline on the state and quality of research. Also it shows how article genres convey specific communication needs within disciplinary communities, which proves that genres are social and evolving objects.
Competitive strategy and performance measurement in the Malaysian context
Authors: Jusoh Ruzita , Parnell John A. 
Published: February 2008

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to contribute to a better understanding of competitive strategy and performance measurement in the Malaysian context by applying a modified version of Conant et al's generic strategy scale and categorizing Malaysian firms along the Miles and Snow business strategy typology.Design/methodology/approachCompetitive strategy and performance measurement were assessed via survey. A total of 975 firms were randomly selected from the directory of Federation of Malaysian Manufacturers (FMM) as listed in 2003. Overall, 133 surveys were returned, 120 of which were usable for analysis.FindingsResults suggest that Malaysian firms view competitive strategy differently and are more likely than their Western counterparts to emphasize the use of financial measures of organizational performance. Findings also highlight the difficulties faced when Western measurement scales are employed in non‐Western emerging nations.Research limitations/implicationsBecause greater emphasis was placed on financial rather than non‐financial measures, results indicate a statistically significant different improvement only in sales growth and ROI performance among the three strategy categories. Strategy researchers should focus their attention to the use of multiple performance measures in assessing firm's performance as shown by the significant different in the use of customer satisfaction and loyalty measures, as well as employee satisfaction and training measures.Originality/valueThese findings hold relevance for executives responsible for the formulation and implementation of business strategy. A better understanding of the relationship between business strategy and performance measures using the BSC perspectives of measures has been provided. The study provides some useful insights into the role of performance measures. In addition, this study conveys the message to top managers and designers of performance measurement tools–most notably the balanced scorecard– should pay particular attention to non‐financial performance measures in implementing their organization's strategy.
Value innovation management and discounted cash flow
Authors: Carter Tony , Diro Ejara Demissew 
Published: February 2008

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to export the idea of “Core Competency Based Valuation”. Wireless network operations services companies have exploded in importance and face unprecedented challenges in valuing them. This article considers how one firm's managers are enhancing their value through better performance and decision making to input long‐term value, along with the industry growth and highly favorable customer response to their quality products and services.Design/methodology/approachThis fairly extensive, yet focused paper, was based on accepted financial valuation procedures, due diligence from visit with managers and relevant market data. This paper also reflects other critical valuation quantitative information concerning their considerable business activity and excellent future prospects in the “sales deals pipeline” such as Nokia, a key customer development, that should be reflected in any detailed report regarding valuation.FindingsEffective management requires that the emphasis return to fundamentals, even if it makes analysts unhappy in the short‐term. For managers, DCF tools will continue to be important. However, history also shows that on occasion market valuations can and do deviate. They can benefit that way only if they understand the real underlying values. Managers need to keep their focus on discounted cash flow and all those factors in the company and marketplace that reflect the firm's capabilities and opportunities.Originality/valueWhat makes wireless firms, and especially new wireless firms, different? First, they usually have not been in existence for more than a year or two, leading to a very limited history. Second, their current financial statements reveal very little about the component of their assets – expected growth – that contributes the most to their value. Third, these firms often represent the first of their kind of business. In many cases, there are no competitors or a peer group against which they can be measured.
Leverage and IPO under‐pricing: high‐tech versus low‐tech IPOs
Authors: Kim Jaemin , Pukthuanthong‐Le Kuntara , Walker Thomas 
Published: February 2008

PurposeThe extant literature on initial public offerings (IPOs) generally assumes that a high degree of pre‐IPO leverage serves as a positive signal of firm quality as it forces a firm's managers to adhere to tough budget constraints. The purpose of this paper is to question the validity of this assumption when it is indiscriminately applied to all firms, while other potentially important determinants of a firm's optimal capital structure are ignored. High‐tech versus low‐tech firms are specifically focused on.Design/methodology/approachMultivariate regression controlling is used for various firm and offer characteristics, market and industry returns, and potential endogeneity between investment bank rankings, price revisions, and under‐pricing.FindingsIt is found that debt only serves as a signal of better firm quality for low‐tech IPOs, as reflected in smaller price revisions and lower under‐pricing. For high‐tech IPOs, the effect of leverage is reversed: for these firms, higher leverage is associated with increased risk and uncertainty as reflected by higher price revisions and greater under‐pricing. The results remain significant after controlling for various firm variables as mentioned above.Practical implicationsThe research results allow managers of high‐tech firms that contemplate going public to better understand the effect their company's capital structure will have on the pricing of their IPO. Prior research generally suggests that – irrespective of a firm's underlying characteristics – higher financial leverage results in lower under‐pricing. The findings highlight the falsity of this generalization and point out that it only holds for low‐tech firms. Firms that operate in a high‐tech sector, on the other hand, will leave less money on the table if they use equity rather than debt financing.Originality/valueIt is shown that leverage only serves as a positive signal for low‐tech firms. The IPOs of these firms generally undergo smaller price revisions and are less under‐priced than the IPOs of low‐tech firms that use little debt in their capital structure. While this result is consistent with earlier studies, it is show that the relationship between these variables reverses for high‐tech IPOs. Specifically, it is found that high‐tech IPOs with high leverage undergo larger price revisions and are more under‐priced than high‐tech firms with low leverage. In contrast to earlier findings, this suggests that for high‐tech IPOs, higher leverage implies increased ex‐ante uncertainty and risks.
A new framework for global expansion
Authors: Moon Hwy‐Chang , Kim Min‐Young 
Published: February 2008

PurposeThe main purpose of this paper is to introduce a comprehensive model explaining the global expansion of firms and to find out viable strategies for firms to survive global competition.Design/methodology/approachThrough the critical review over existing literature, this study first introduces a new framework explaining the global expansion of firms at the level of functional activities in the value chain, and then empirically tests the predictions of the new framework with data in the motor industry.FindingsEmpirical findings confirm the new model's predictions. First, each function in the value chain has a unique way of global expansion: the global strategy is suitable for the production function, while the multidomestic strategy is applicable to the marketing function. Second, each function follows a dynamic path of global expansion from domestic to transnational via either global or multidomestic, according to the innate characteristics of corresponding function. Finally, the degree of global expansion of a firm is positively correlated with its financial performance.Research limitations/implicationsFocusing on developing a new framework on global expansion, this study utilizes a rather small number of data and, therefore, requires readers' discretion when interpreting the results of statistical analyses.Practical implicationsWith the dynamic diversification‐coordination model, managers can recognize the level and characteristics of their firms' global expansion, not only at the firm level but also at the functional level. This allows managers to establish a global strategy tailored to each function, thus reconciling possible conflicts generated from different interests among different functions in the firm.Originality/valueFirst, this article introduces a new perspective of analyzing the global expansion of firms by shifting the level of analysis from the firm level to the functional level where the new framework can reconcile the constant debates on globalization. Second, this article suggests an intuitive and theory‐based index measuring the degree of global expansion of firms.
Zero wear concept using bionotox and polymer‐free engine oils with triboactive materials
Authors: Woydt Mathias , Criqui Bernard , Desplanches Gérard , Linneman Tom 
Published: February 2008

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to underline the future need for OEMs to receive lowSAP, polymer‐ and metal‐free engine oils with high‐viscosity indices and to illuminate for other OEMs the technical feasibility for application of alternative engine oils based on esters or blends of hydrocarbons with esters or polyglycols.Design/methodology/approachThe strategic goal depends technically on the use of intrinsic properties of alternative base fluids, thus substituing some additives, like anti‐wear, extreme pressure and viscosity index improvers. The prone wear resistance of novel triboactive/‐reactive materials enables higher portions of mixed/boundary lubrication generated by oils with a lower viscosity.FindingsOverall, the different bionotox and low‐ash prototype engine oils with reduced additive contents displayed isoperformance regarding the tribological behaviour against cast iron and triboreactive materials. APS‐Tin−2Cr2O2n−1displayed an overall wear resistance comparable with grey cast iron with high‐carbon content and liner wear reduction of one order of magnitude when mated with Mo‐based rings. Both tests confirmed the potential for substituing molybdenum‐based rings by APS‐Tin−2Cr2O2n−1. The most significant reduction in “system wear” down to “zero wear” was demonstrated by mating the APS‐Tin−2Cr2O2n−1coated piston rings with smooth machined HVOF‐(Ti,Mo)(C,N) liner coatings.Research limitations/implicationsAs lubricants are today not part of the core business of automotive OEMs, the next steps have to be proposed by the petrochemical suppliers. It is recalled here that some OEMs in their history developed and produced lubricants.Practical implicationsThe customer will appreciate any increase in longevity resulting in reduced maintenance. The OEM now owns, under increased solicitations, now a future‐oriented tool box in order to respond to environmental and CAFÉ demands with reasonable cost management.Originality/valueThis OEM report displays the complete methodology in order to adopt alternative engine oils in existing engine architectures.
Characterization and tribological properties of boride coatings of steels in a fluidized bed reactor
Authors: David K. , Anthymidis K.G. , Agrianidis P. , Petropoulos G. 
Published: February 2008

PurposeThe aim of the current research is to characterize boride coatings on steels and steel alloys produced in a CVD fluidized bed reactor.Design/methodology/approachHeat treatments of alloys in fluidized bed reactors have been carried out for more than 25 years. Recently, this technology has been used for surface engineering applications in the deposition of hard and/or corrosion‐resistant layers. The present paper used fluidized bed technology (FBT) to deposit boride coatings on to ferrous materials. The coatings were examined by means of optical microscopy, Vickers microhardness measurements and X‐ray diffraction in terms of coating thickness and morphology, phase formation and hardness determination. The coating's tribological properties were evaluated under dry wear. Impact tests were also carried out to determine the fatigue resistance of the examined coatings under dynamic impact loading.FindingsBoriding in a fluidized bed reactor is a simple, environmentally friendly and fast‐coating process. The produced iron‐boride coatings are characterized by excellent quality and uniform tooth‐shaped morphology. Fe2B was the predominant boride phase formed, exhibiting superior tribological properties under dry wear conditions. Impact testing investigations revealed high‐fatigue strength of boride coatings in combination with limited deformable substrates.Research limitations/implicationsThe investigated coatings were deposited only on some structural and tool steel substrates.Practical implicationsBoride coatings deposited using FBT are satisfactory abrasive wear‐ and fatigue‐resistant coatings in comparison with those produced using common boride coating methods.Originality/valueThe outcome of the research is of great importance for the industry using abrasive wear coatings.
Theorising under‐theorisation in research on the HRM‐Performance Link
Authors: Fleetwood Steve , Hesketh Anthony 
Published: February 2008

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to identify the conceptual underpinnings of the theoretical weaknesses of extant research investigating the HRM‐Organizational Performance Link (hereafter HRM‐P Link).Design/methodology/approachThe paper reviews a number of different empirical approaches to the HRM‐P Link and reflects upon, and defines, theory, focusing upon two important dimensions: prediction and explanation. The paper also discusses why the field in its current guise cannot sustain a commitment to explanation, so that under‐theorisation and lack of explanatory power go hand‐in‐hand. It then tackles the possibility that theoretical underpinnings for empirical research on the HRM‐P Link might come from other disciplines such as economics. The paper also begins to set out a meta‐theoretical alternative.FindingsThe paper finds that: theoretical underpinnings will not emerge and develop simply by doing more, and/or better, empirical work; meta‐theoretical problems besetting the paradigm are actually far worse than is usually recognised; and attempts to borrow theories from other disciplines have not been successful.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper shows that this is a broad and complex field and it has been necessarily selective in its evaluation. It does, however, signpost additional writing in this area to complement the word limit it faces here.Practical implicationsThe paper shows that both organizations and researchers need to think more robustly about the meta‐theoretical underpinnings of the relationship between HRM practices and their capacity to enable people to perform. It is hoped that renewed meta‐theoretical debate will be triggered in this direction.Originality/valueThis paper is the only critical review of the meta‐theoretical underpinnings of the HRM‐P field.