bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inheritance of partial rust resistance in pearl millet
Authors: Wilson J. P. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractQuantitative disease resistance should be exploited to complement the use of genes for qualitative or hypersensitive resistance. The expression and inheritance of partial rust resistance of pearl millet inbreds 700481‐21‐8 and ‘ICMP 501’ crossed to moderately susceptible Tift 383’ were evaluated in seedling assays in the greenhouse and in generation mean and single‐seed descent populations in the field. Uredinium sizes on seedling leaves of hybrids were generally intermediate to those of the parental inbreds and consistent differences could be discerned in uredinium lengths. Area under the disease progress curves (AUDPCs) of individual plants of the parents, F1, F2, and backcross F1S to each parent were determined from field trials. Broad‐sense heritability estimates for both crosses were 43%. In generation mean analyses, additive genetic effects were significant in the cross of 700481–21–8 × Tift 383′, whereas additive, dominance, and dominance × dominance epistatic effects were significant for ‘ICMP 501’×‘Tift 383’. The number of genes conferring partial resistance was estimated to be two for 700481–21–8 and 2.5 for ‘ICMP 501’. A hierarchical single‐seed descent analysis revealed significant differences in AUDPC among F3‐derived F4 progenies in the F6 generation. Selection for progenies with greater resistance should be possible among F4 families. Higher levels of resistance were observed in progeny derived from ‘ICMP 501’. Because segregation of resistance differed among progeny derived from 700481–21–8 and ‘ICMP 501’, the genetic basis for resistance probably differs between the two inbreds.
Cytogenetics and morphology of the pentaploid hybrid between Brassica napus and Orychophragmus violaceus and its progeny
Authors: Wu J. G. , Li Z. , Liu Y. , Liu H. L. , Fu T. D. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractA pentaploid hybrid plant (2n= 50, AACCO) between Brassica napus (AACC) and Orychophragmus violaceus (OO) showed matroclinous morphology and some patroclinous characters. Cloned progenies were mixoploid, consisting of various cells with 38–53 chromosomes, half of the cells with 50 chromosomes. The 50 chromosomes were mainly paired as 25 bivalents and segregated as 25:25 or 22:28; many other segregations were observed in some cells. Progenies produced by selfing had 38–47 chromosomes. Plants with 38 chromosomes were cytologically stable; in all other plants the chromosome number of individual cells varied between the genotype‐specific maximum number and 38, indicating loss of chromosomes during mitosis. The mixoploid plants with 44 chromosomes mainly produced two kinds of mixoploid progenies with 44 and 41 chromosomes, respectively. All plants with 2n= 38 had the same morphology as the parental B. napus and were normal in fertility. These chromosome pairings and segregations in the pentaploid and its progeny support the hypothesis that O. violaceus is a natural polyploid species with a basic chromosome number of 3.
Genetic variation and response to selection for resistance to root‐knot nematodes in oil radish (Raphanus sativus ssp. oleiferus)
Authors: Bünte R. , Müller J. , Friedt W. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractBased on a preliminary screening of a collection of cruciferous crops, such as oilseed rape (Brassica napus L. ssp. oleifera Metzg.), oil radish (Raphanus sativus L. ssp. oleiferus DC.), and yellow mustard (Sinapis alba L.), some plants within the oil radish varieties showed resistance to the root‐knot nematodes Meloidogyne hapla Chitwood and M. incognita (Kofoid & White) Chitwood. Resistance tests of S1 progeny of these selected genotypes revealed a quantitative nature of resistance to M. hapla. Only a few resistant individuals were found, but a significant effect of selection was observed. In contrast, the progenies of plants resistant to M. incognita showed a very low number of egg masses, suggesting that this resistance may be conferred by dominant major gene(s). The results indicate that resistance of oil radish to root‐knot nematodes may be effective and may thus provide new possibilities for the management of M. hapla and M. incognita.
Diploid, tetraploid, and octoploid plants from anther culture of tetraploid orchard grass, Dactylis glomerata L.
Authors: Christensen J. R. , Borrino E. , Olesen A. , Andersen S. B. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThis report describes a study of androgenesis in Dactylis glomerata, where the main aim was to find anther culture‐responsive clones. Two types of media and two sugars were compared for their effectiveness in anther culture induction and subsequent plantlet production.Embryo formation from the cultured anthers was obtained from 28 of the 108 cloned genotypes using two different substrates, R2M and FW. Both induction media supported the formation of embryos from the cultured anthers, but around 4.5 times more embryos (0.81 embryos per 100 anthers) were obtained with R2M compared with FW, and R2M also gave 5.5 times more green plants (0.054 green plants per 100 anthers) than the FW substrate.In the investigation of a carbohydrate source, responsive clones from the genotype study were tested using maltose as a substitute for sucrose in R2M. Using maltose instead of sucrose increased embryo formation so that 133 embryos per 100 anthers were obtained compared with 7.1 embryos per 100 anthers obtained with sucrose. The total number of green plants obtained was also improved with maltose compared with sucrose, resulting in 66.3 and 1.9 green plants per 100 cultured anthers, respectively.
Evaluation of soybean cultivars using parametric and nonparametric stability estimates
Authors: Yue G. L. , Roozeboom K. L. , Schapaugh W. T. , Liang G. H. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractHigh and stable yield is a very desirable attribute of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) cultivars. Stable yield of a cultivar means that its rank relative to other cultivars remains unchanged in a given set of environments. To characterize 12 soybean cultivars chosen from performance trials, data were obtained from 10 environments (five locations in 2 years). Six stability parameters from four statistical models were derived for each cultivar. Regression coefficients were significantly and positively correlated only with coefficients of variation; they are useful in characterizing whether cultivars responded well in favourable or poor environments. Nassar and Huhn's nonparametric measures, Si(1) and Si(2), were significantly and positively correlated with Eberhart and Russell's sdi2 and Wricke's ecovalence (Wi). The stability measures are useful in characterizing cultivars by showing their relative performance in various environments. Results revealed that high‐yielding cultivars also can be stable cultivars. Correlations between stability parameters obtained from individual years over the same set of locations and cultivars were very low and nonsignificant, suggesting that single‐year data are not reliable as basis for selection. To provide an additional guide for selection, Kang's rank‐sum approach was applied, in which both yield (in rank) and measured nonparametric stability (in rank) were considered. In general, selection for yield only would sacrifice stability to some degree, and selection for stability only would sacrifice a certain amount of yield. The rank‐sum approach reconciles the two and appeared to provide a useful means to characterize soybean cultivars.
Inheritance of resistance to phomopsis (Diaporthe helianthi) in sunflower
Authors: Vear F. , Garreyn M. , de Labrouhe D. Tourvieille 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe inheritance of resistance of sunflower to phomopsis (Diaporthe helianthi) was studied on 10 inbred lines representing a range of resistance and susceptibility levels, and 25 hybrids from a factorial cross of these lines. Analyses of observations over a 3‐year period, of semi‐natural infection (presence of stem lesions greater than 5 cm) on the hybrids indicated that additive gene control was predominant, with no significant interactions between parental effects. Correlations between infection of parental lines and the mean of their hybrids were not always significant, with certain inbreds which appeared quite susceptible giving hybrids with good levels of resistance. In order to predict hybrid values, it appears necessary to determine the general combining abilities of parental lines. Some inbreds gave very high levels of resistance, others gave very high levels of susceptibility. A test measuring the rate of extension of D. helianthi mycelium on leaves was significantly correlated with the results of natural infections. In particular, it permitted distinction of the most susceptible genotypes, and thus could be used in first generations of breeding to eliminate the most susceptible plants.
Fusarium resistance in Gladiolus: Selection in seedling populations
Authors: Straathof Th. P. , Jansen J. , Roebroeck E. J. A. , Löffler H. J. M. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractA test to select Fusarium resistant seedlings of Gladiolus is described. Seedlings of 37 populations, obtained from an incomplete diallel between eight parents with different levels of Fusarium resistance, were used. Significant differences in Fusarium infection between and within populations were detected. Most of the descendants selected had a resistant G. dalenii genotype as one of the parents. The resistance level of the parents was associated with the general combining ability for Fusarium resistance based on the seedling test. Implications for resistance breeding are discussed.
Genetic investigation of three lines with recessive genie male sterility in Brassica napus L.
Authors: Yang G. S. , Fu T. D. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe male sterility (ms) of three recessive genie ms lines, 117AB, S45AB and 9012AB, was controlled in each case by two recessive male sterility genes. The genes responsible in 117AB and S45AB are the same, but they are genetically different from those in 9012AB.
Analysis of anther culture response in hexaploid triticale
Authors: González M. , Hernádez I. , Jouve N. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe androgenic response of five varieties and 10 F1 intervarietal hybrids of 6 × triticale was analysed. The overall response involved three independent phenomena: the production of embryoids, the capability of embryoids to regenerate plants, and the production of green plants. Each of these factors appeared to be controlled by independent genetic systems. From a practical point of view, the product of these three factors, the number of green haploid plants per anther (GPA), is the most reliable variable for the evaluation of genotypes. Positive heterotic effects on GPA were observed in the hybrids, which may indicate that GPA is controlled predominantly by additive genes. No correlation was found between the number of green haploid plants produced by hybrids and that yielded by the best parental line. Therefore, it is difficult to predict the yield of green haploid plants that can be produced by a hybrid simply from the number produced by its parents.
Molecular and biological studies on male‐sterile cytoplasm in the Cruciferae. IV. Ogura‐type cytoplasm found in the wild radish, Raphanus raphanistrum
Authors: Yamagishi H. , Terachi T. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe orf138 gene, which is specific to Ogura male‐sterile cytoplasm, was analysed in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) of the wild radish, Raphanus raphanistrum, by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), Southern hybridization and sequencing. The effect of R. raphanistrum cytoplasm on the expression of male sterility was also examined in progeny with R. sativus. A PCR‐aided assay and Southern hybridization revealed that three out of six strains analysed included plants with orf138. The sequence of wild type orf138 was same as that of Ogura, except for one or two nucleotide substitutions. Southern hybridization showed a novel mtDNA configuration in R. raphanistrum, in addition to the normal and Ogura types identical to those in R. sativus.Among interspecific hybrids, all the F1 had normal pollen fertility. In the F2 progeny between female wild plants having orf138 and the maintainer of Ogura male sterility, male‐sterile plants were segregated, fitting the ratio of 3 fertile: 1 sterile plant. R. raphanistrum has cytoplasm that induces male sterility in radishes, and contains a dominant fertility restorer gene.
Genetic diversity in soybean as determined by RAPD and microsatellite analysis
Authors: Doldi M.‐L. , Vollmann J. , Lelley T. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and microsatellite techniques were used to evaluate the genetic diversity among 18 soybean genotypes selected for a breeding programme to increase the protein content of varieties adapted for central European growing conditions. Out of 33 random primers used in RAPD reactions, only 12 showed polymorphism useful for characterization of these genotypes. In contrast, all 12 microsatellite primer pairs used in this study detected polymorphism with 2–6 alleles per locus. Similarity measures and cluster analysis were made using RAPD and simple sequence repeat (SSR) data, separately and together. The resulting dendrograms were compared with each other and with the available pedigree information as a control. The dendrogram derived from RAPD data showed some divergence from the pedigree information available for the lines. The dendrograms based on SSR data and SSR data combined with RAPD gave very good agreement with pedigree information. It can be concluded that the combined use of a limited number of RAPD and SSR markers is a useful and reliable means of evaluating genetic relationships of genotypes in the absence of pedigree data.
Inheritance in seed size of alfalfa: Quantitative analysis and response to selection
Authors: Gjuric R. , Smith S. R. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractSeed size in alfalfa (Medicago saliva L.) has been positively correlated with seedling vigour and early growth, but there were few published reports on inheritance or selection for this trait. The objective of this research was to estimate components of genetic variance for inheritance of alfalfa seed size and determine the most efficient selection method. Components of genetic variance were estimated on seed and pollen plants of ‘BIC‐7‐WH’ and their progeny arranged in a North Carolina Design II mating design under controlled environmental conditions. Three selection methods, differing in parental control and selection pressure, were used to determine selection response. The seed parent genotype had a major role in determining alfalfa seed size, but the genotype of the seed had no influence. For genetic studies, pollen and seed parent effects on seed size should be measured on seed harvested from progeny plants. Seed size was controlled by additive and non‐additive components of genetic variance. Heritability for seed size was 41.3%. Selection for seed size was effective and a significant shift for larger and smaller seed was attained after one cycle of selection.
Heritability of resistance to brown spot and root rot of narrow‐leafed lupins caused by Pleiochaeta setosa (Kirchn.) Hughes in field experiments
Authors: Cowling W. A. , Sweetingham M. W. , Diepeveen D. , Cullis B. R. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractResistance to brown spot (BS) and Pleiochaeta root rot (PRR) in narrow‐leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) was assessed on a broad range of breeding lines and cultivars in field trials in Western Australia in 1985 and 1986. Both diseases are caused by Pleiochaeta setosa (Kirchn.) Hughes. Lines were grown in 5m × 1m plots in randomized complete block experiments with various disease pressures associated with cropping history — first, second and third successive lupin crops after cereals at one site in 1985, and first and second lupin crops at two sites in 1986. Best linear unbiased predictors (BLUPs) of defoliation caused by BS across experiments ranged from 64% to 123% of ‘Gungurru’, and BLUPs for PRR lesion severity ranged from 82% to 118% of ‘Gungurru’. For both diseases, genotypic variance was several times greater than genotype × environment variance, but error variance was relatively low for BS and high for PRR. Consequently, broad sense heritability (h2) for BS resistance was high in the seven experiments (range 0.89–0.94) but low for PRR resistance (range 0.00–0.53). There was a moderate correlation between BLUPs for resistance to BS and PRR across experiments (r = 0.36, P < 0.05). Genotypic correlations between resistance to BS and PRR were estimated at 0.57 ± 0.20 and 0.75 ± 0.31 in two experiments in 1985. Breeding progress is likely to be high for BS resistance and there may be slight improvements in PRR resistance associated with BS resistance. However, this field technique is not suitable for rapid breeding progress for PRR resistance.
Inheritance of flower colour and flavonoid pigments in Gerbera
Authors: Tyrach A. , Horn W. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe flower colour of Gerbera, an important ornamental cut flower, is derived from carotenoids and flavonoids. The knowledge of enzymological and genetic control of flavonoid biosynthesis is still incomplete. The present paper summarizes the results obtained at our institute between 1981 and 1993. The material for the investigation of phenotypic segregation and segregation of flavonoids after chromatographic analysis came from 408 progenies of controlled crosses. Phenotypic segregation analysis showed acyanic genotypes to be homozygous recessive and recessive epistatic over cyanic genotypes, respectively. This was confirmed by the existence of two loci controlling steps in biosynthesis (fht, dfr or ans) showing recessive mutants and complementary gene action after crosses. Flavone formation is effected by one dominant allele (fns+); dominant and recessive genotypes are now available. Regarding anthocyanidin inheritance, an unusual epistasis of 4′‐hydroxylation (pelargonidin formation) over 3′,4′‐hydroxylation (cyanidin formation) was observed. Final proof of the postulated gene actions will come from enzymological and molecular biological investigations of the chemogenetically defined Gerbera genotypes now available.
Inheritance of sexual incompatibility in apricot
Authors: Burgos L. , Ledbetter C. A. , Pérez‐Tornero O. , Ortín‐Párraga F. , Egea J. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe study was carried out with 3‐ to 6‐year‐old apricot progenies from the breeding programmes of ARS in Fresno, California, USA and of CEBAS in Murcia, Spain. Progenies from 19 different crosses were studied to determine the inheritance of the genetic incompatibility trait. The 19 crosses included those where both parents were self‐compatible or both self‐incompatible, and also those where a self‐compatible parent and another self‐incompatible were crossed. Segregating progenies were studied either by bagging a sufficiently high number of flowers in balloon stage and determining the percentage of fruit set several weeks later or by following pollen tube growth with fluorescence microscopy. Results indicated that a monofactorial system with a multiallelic series appears to control the trait. Alleles for self‐compatibility would allow the pollen tubes to grow in any style and reach the ovules. Alleles for self‐incompatibility would stop the pollen tube growth if the same allele is present in the pollen grain and in the pistil.
PCR primers for the estimation of contamination by seeds with normal cytoplasm in rapeseed lots bearing male‐sterility‐inducing Ogu‐INRA cytoplasm
Authors: Tinchant C. , Defrance M.‐C. , Budar F. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractA polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐based test was developed to detect seeds bearing the ‘so‐called’ normal rapeseed cytoplasm in seed lots with an OGU‐INRA type cytoplasm. The test is based on the amplification of the orfB region of male fertile rapeseed mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). The amplification reaction uses total nucleic acids of young seedlings, extracted in bulk. After the sequencing of the orfB gene region in the normal Brassica mtDNA, primers were designed for its amplification by PCR. Although the specificity of amplification for the male fertile (mf) rapeseed cytoplasm is partly impaired by the presence of tiny amounts of this fragment in the mtDNA of male sterile (ms) plants, this test proved to be applicable for the estimation of the level of contamination in seed lots in reconstituted mixes as well as in real lots.
Interspecific hybridization between Cicer arietinum and C. pinnatifidum
Authors: Badami P. S. , Mallikarjuna N. , Moss J. P. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractAn interspecific hybrid between Cicer arietinum cv. GL 769 and a wild species C. pinnatifidum was obtained after emasculation, pollination and application of growth regulators. Ovules were cultured and embryos were later dissected to obtain hybrid plants. These plants were albinos and morphologically resembled C. pinnatifidum. Shrivelled seeds were also obtained in 2% of the crosses, which on germination gave rise to albino plants. These plants did not survive beyond 20 days. The hybrid nature of these plants was confirmed by esterase isozyme studies. Hybrid shoots obtained from germinating embryos were cultured on modified ML‐6 medium with BAP 2 mg/1, IAA 0.5 mg/1, where they turned green after 3–4 weeks. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies on leaf sections from green hybrid shoots showed an improvement in the chloroplast structure, with better organized grana.
Selection for reduced linolenic acid content in Ethiopian mustard (Brassica carinata Braun)
Authors: Velasco L. , Fernández‐Martínez J. M. , de Hard A. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractReducing linolenic acid content is one of the most important objectives for the development of Ethiopian mustard lines with high oil quality. This work was aimed at searching for variability of the fatty acid composition of oil within a germplasm collection of Ethiopian mustard. A total of 217 lines were analysed by gas‐liquid chromatography (GLC) in 1991, and one was selected as having reduced values of both linolenic acid content (10.2% versus 14.0% of total fatty acids as the collection average) and linoleic acid desaturation ratio (LDR, 0.34 versus 0.45). After 3 years of pedigree selection for low linolenic acid content, this line showed, in 1995, average values of this fatty acid of 5.4% and 2.4% in two different environments, compared with 11.6% and 8.3%, respectively, in the control. The values of the LDR were 0.18 and 0.09, respectively, compared with 0.36 and 0.27 in the control line.
Allelic variation at the storage protein loci of 55 US‐grown white wheats
Authors: Redaelli R. , Ng P. K. W. , Pogna N. E. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractFifty soft white and hard white wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.), and five club wheat cultivars (T. compactum L.) were partially characterized in terms of their storage protein compositions, i.e. gliadins, and high molecular weight and low molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW‐GS and LMW‐GS, respectively). At the Glu‐1 loci, HMW‐GS composition 1,7 + 9,2+ 12 was found to be predominant, being expressed in 11 cultivars out of 55. The most common alleles at the loci coding for gliadins and LMW‐GS were found to be Gli‐A1/Glu‐A3a (43.6%), Gli‐B1/Glu‐B3b (36.4%), Gli‐D1a/Glu‐D3a (38.1%) and Gli‐Dli/Glu‐D3a (21.8%). Two‐dimensional fractionation (acid‐poly‐acrylamide gel electrophoresis (A‐PAGE) × sodium dodecyl sulphate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE)) of reduced and alkylated glutenins revealed that the number and the relative mobility of LMW‐GS polypeptides were different from those reported for the corresponding Glu‐3 alleles of hard‐bread wheat cultivars. This result could account for the different technological properties of soft white wheats compared with hard‐bread wheat cultivars, owing to the major impact of LMW‐GS on dough quality.