bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MDM2 Promoter Polymorphism Is Associated With Both an Increased Susceptibility to Gastric Carcinoma and Poor Prognosis
Authors: Ohmiya Naoki , Taguchi Ayumu , Mabuchi Nobuyuki , Itoh Akihiro , Hirooka Yoshiki , Niwa Yasumasa , Goto Hidemi 
Published: September 2006

Purpose Recently, a single-nucleotide polymorphism in the MDM2 promoter (SNP309) has been found to lower the age of onset of tumors and increase the occurrence of multiple primary tumors in Li-Fraumeni syndrome, and accelerate the development of sporadic adult soft tissue sarcoma. The aim of this study was to determine whether SNP309 is associated with susceptibility to gastric carcinoma and its prognosis. Patients and Methods In a case-control study including 438 controls and 410 patients with sporadic gastric carcinoma, MDM2 SNP309 was genotyped. Serum pepsinogens (PGs) I and II were measured in 438 control subjects and 253 cases selected from 410 patients. Tumor tissue was immunostained with p53 and examined for mutations in exons 5 to 8 of p53 using polymerase chain reaction–based single strand conformational polymorphism analysis and direct sequencing. Results The risk of overall gastric carcinoma for SNP309 (G/G) was significantly increased when compared with T carriers (P = .039), especially carcinomas with extragastric tumors (P = .005), carcinoma with severe atrophic gastritis positive for PG assay (PG I level < 70 ng/mL and PG I/II < 3.0; P = .005), antral carcinoma (P = .020), intestinal-type carcinoma (P = .023), p53-immunopositive carcinoma (P = .007), and carcinoma with p53 mutations (P = .007). No significant difference in age at diagnosis was observed among genotypes. SNP309 (G/G) was an independent marker of poor overall survival in advanced carcinoma (hazard ratio, 3.16; 95% CI, 1.22 to 8.20; P = .018). Conclusion This study provides evidence supporting the association of SNP309 with gastric carcinogenesis via p53 tumor suppressor pathway, extragastric tumorigenesis, and poor prognosis.
Designing Dose-Escalation Trials With Late-Onset Toxicities Using the Time-to-Event Continual Reassessment Method
Authors: Normolle Daniel , Lawrence Theodore 
Published: September 2006

Purpose The standard design for phase I trials of combined chemotherapy and radiation, which enters either three or six patients per dose level, has little statistical basis and is subject to opening and closing because of delayed toxicities that disrupt patient accrual. We compared the operating characteristics of this standard design and the time-to-event continual reassessment method (TITE-CRM) for dose-escalation trials of combination chemotherapy and radiation. Methods The operating characteristics were determined by Monte Carlo simulation of 60,000 phase I trials. Results Compared with the standard trial design, in studies with delayed toxicity (ie, where four or more patients are expected to enter onto the study during a single previously enrolled patient's observation for toxicity), TITE-CRM trials are significantly shorter when toxicity observation times are long, treat more patients at or above the maximum-tolerated dose, identify the maximum-tolerated dose (MTD) more accurately, and provide phase II information, but do not expose patients to significant additional risk. Estimation precision and overdose control of TITE-CRM increase as the design assumptions more closely resemble the true state of nature, but are reduced if, for instance, the toxicity of treatment has been grossly underestimated. Conclusion Compared with the standard design, if there is any prior knowledge concerning the toxicity profile of a treatment, TITE-CRM can leverage it to produce more accurate estimates of the MTD and does not expose patients to significant excess risk, but requires timely communication between clinical investigators, data managers, and study statisticians.
Simultaneous Chemoradiotherapy Compared With Radiotherapy Alone After Induction Chemotherapy in Inoperable Stage IIIA or IIIB Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Study CTRT99/97 by the Bronchial Carcinoma Therapy Group
Authors: Huber Rudolf M. , Flentje Michael , Schmidt Michael , Pöllinger Barbara , Gosse Helga , Willner Jochen , Ulm Kurt 
Published: September 2006

Purpose The aim of this study was to examine whether, after preceding induction chemotherapy, simultaneous chemoradiotherapy is superior to radiotherapy alone. Patients and Methods Patients with non–small-cell lung cancer in inoperable stage IIIA or IIIB received induction chemotherapy with two cycles of paclitaxel 200 mg/m2 and carboplatin area under the curve 6 every 3 weeks. Patients without progression at restaging after induction chemotherapy were randomly assigned to radiotherapy (60 Gy) or chemoradiotherapy (paclitaxel 60 mg/m2 weekly). The primary end point was overall survival; secondary end points were time to progression, response, and toxicity. Results Three hundred three patients entered the study, and 276 completed induction chemotherapy. Two hundred fourteen patients were randomly assigned (radiotherapy alone: n = 113; simultaneous chemoradiotherapy: n = 101). Median follow-up time of all randomly assigned patients was 13.6 months (interquartile range [IQR], 6.4 to 29.0 months), and median follow-up time of the subgroup of censored patients (n = 52) was 37.4 months (IQR, 5.9 to 57.0 months; maximum, 76.1 months). Toxicities during the induction phase were mild. During radiotherapy, overall toxicity rates were not significantly different between the two arms. Median survival times in the radiotherapy group and chemoradiotherapy group were 14.1 months (95% CI, 11.8 to 16.3 months) and 18.7 months (95% CI, 14.1 to 23.3 months; difference not statistically significant, P = .091). Median time to progression significantly favored simultaneous chemoradiotherapy (11.5 months; 95% CI, 8.3 to 14.7 months) versus radiotherapy alone (6.3 months; 95% CI, 5.0 to 7.6 months; P < .001, log-rank test). Conclusion Induction chemotherapy followed by chemoradiotherapy with weekly paclitaxel is feasible. Response, time to progression, and survival favor chemoradiotherapy compared with radiotherapy alone.
Delayed Nausea and Vomiting Continue to Reduce Patients' Quality of Life After Highly and Moderately Emetogenic Chemotherapy Despite Antiemetic Treatment
Authors: Bloechl-Daum Brigitte , Deuson Robert R. , Mavros Panagiotis , Hansen Mogens , Herrstedt Jørn 
Published: September 2006

Purpose Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) are major adverse effects of cancer chemotherapy. We compared the impact of acute (during the first 24 hours postchemotherapy) and delayed (days 2 through 5 postchemotherapy) CINV on patients' quality of life (QoL) after highly or moderately emetogenic chemotherapy (HEC and MEC, respectively). Patients and Methods This prospective, multicenter, multinational study was conducted in 14 medical practices on cancer patients undergoing either HEC or MEC treatment. Patients recorded episodes of nausea and vomiting in a diary. Patients completed the Functional Living Index-Emesis (FLIE) questionnaire at baseline and on day 6. Results A total of 298 patients were assessable (67 HEC patients, 231 MEC patients). Emesis was reported by 36.4% of patients (13.2% acute, 32.5% delayed) and nausea by 59.7% (36.2% acute, 54.3% delayed). HEC patients reported significantly lower mean FLIE total score than MEC patients (95.5 v 107.8 respectively; P = .0049). Among all patients, the nausea score was significantly lower than the vomiting score (50.0 and 55.3, respectively; P = .0097). Of the 173 patients who experienced neither vomiting nor nausea during the first 24 hours postchemotherapy, 22.9% reported an impact of CINV on daily life caused by delayed CINV. Conclusion CINV continues to adversely affect patients' QoL despite antiemetic therapy even after treatment with only moderately emetogenic chemotherapy regimens, and even in the subgroup of patients who do not experience nausea and vomiting during the first 24 hours. On the basis of the FLIE results in this study, nausea had a stronger negative impact on patients' daily lives than vomiting.
Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease During Androgen Deprivation Therapy for Prostate Cancer
Authors: Keating Nancy L. , O'Malley A. James , Smith Matthew R. 
Published: September 2006

Purpose Androgen deprivation therapy with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist is associated with increased fat mass and insulin resistance in men with prostate cancer, but the risk of obesity-related disease during treatment has not been well studied. We assessed whether androgen deprivation therapy is associated with an increased incidence of diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Patients and Methods Observational study of a population-based cohort of 73,196 fee-for-service Medicare enrollees age 66 years or older who were diagnosed with locoregional prostate cancer during 1992 to 1999 and observed through 2001. We used Cox proportional hazards models to assess whether treatment with GnRH agonists or orchiectomy was associated with diabetes, coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction, and sudden cardiac death. Results More than one third of men received a GnRH agonist during follow-up. GnRH agonist use was associated with increased risk of incident diabetes (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 1.44; P < .001), coronary heart disease (adjusted HR, 1.16; P < .001), myocardial infarction (adjusted HR, 1.11; P = .03), and sudden cardiac death (adjusted HR, 1.16; P = .004). Men treated with orchiectomy were more likely to develop diabetes (adjusted HR, 1.34; P < .001) but not coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction, or sudden cardiac death (all P > .20). Conclusion GnRH agonist treatment for men with locoregional prostate cancer may be associated with an increased risk of incident diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The benefits of GnRH agonist treatment should be weighed against these potential risks. Additional research is needed to identify populations of men at highest risk of treatment-related complications and to develop strategies to prevent treatment-related diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
Confidence and Uncertainty Long After Initial Treatment for Early Prostate Cancer: Survivors' Views of Cancer Control and the Treatment Decisions They Made
Authors: Clark Jack A. , Talcott James A. 
Published: September 2006

Purpose The many years most men diagnosed with early prostate cancer live after diagnosis allow evolving assessments of their cancer control and their treatment choices, but little is known of these outcomes or the factors that influence them. Patients and Methods We surveyed an established, prospective cohort that had initiated treatment for early prostate cancer 4 to 8 years previously. We assessed perceived cancer control, quality of treatment decisions, and other domains of quality of life, along with treatment-related urinary, bowel, and sexual dysfunction. Results Most men reported high confidence in cancer control and their treatment decisions, but many reported misgivings about one or both. The diagnostic, treatment, and quality-of-life factors associated with these two outcomes were distinct. Perceived cancer control was lower among those with adverse medical factors: higher pretreatment Gleason scores, subsequent rises in prostate-specific antigen (PSA), and secondary androgen ablation therapy. Confidence in treatment decisions was unrelated to these factors and was higher in men who opted for radical prostatectomy or brachytherapy, reported close attention to current PSA, had high masculine self-esteem and little distress from sexual dysfunction, and were married. Conclusion Although perceptions of cancer control and the quality of their treatment decisions are linked, men can distinguish between these two outcomes. They incorporate objective indicators of high risk and adverse outcomes when assessing their cancer control; confidence in treatment decisions represents a more complex psychosocial adjustment to the persistent uncertainty that originates with their diagnosis.
Less Toxicity by Optimizing Chemotherapy, but Not by Addition of Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor in Children and Adolescents With Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Results of AML-BFM 98
Authors: Creutzig Ursula , Zimmermann Martin , Lehrnbecher Thomas , Graf Norbert , Hermann Johann , Niemeyer Charlotte M. , Reiter Alfred , Ritter Jörg , Dworzak Michael , Stary Jan , Reinhardt Dirk 
Published: September 2006

Purpose To improve prognosis in children with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) by randomized comparisons of (1) two short consolidation cycles versus the Berlin-Frankfurt-Muenster (BFM) -type biphasic 6-week consolidation and (2) the prophylactic administration of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) versus no G-CSF. Further, therapy for standard risk patients was intensified by addition of a second induction, HAM (high-dose cytarabine and mitoxantrone). Patients and Methods Four hundred seventy-three patients younger than 18 years with de novo AML were enrolled in trial AML-BFM 98. Patients received five courses of intensive chemotherapy, cranial irradiation, and 1-year maintenance therapy. Results Four hundred eighteen patients (88%) achieved remission. Compared with trial AML-BFM 93, early deaths decreased from 7.4 to 3.2% (P = .005), and 5-year overall survival increased from 58% to 62% (log-rank P = .03). Both types of consolidation therapy led to similar outcome (event-free survival, 51% v 50%), but in the two-cycle arm, treatment duration was shorter (median duration, 15 days), and treatment related mortality was lower (five v nine patients). G-CSF shortened neutropenia, but did not reduce the rate of severe infections. Intensification of induction therapy did not improve prognosis of standard-risk patients (event-free survival, 62% v 67%). Conclusion Overall results were improved by neither the administration of G-CSF nor by cycle therapy; however, the latter was easier to perform. Compared with study AML-BFM 93, therapy intensification with HAM in standard-risk patients did not result in improved prognosis. Future treatment designs have to balance intensification of treatment with higher toxicity, improve supportive care, and to consider alternative treatment strategies.
Elderly Patients Benefit From Second-Line Cytotoxic Chemotherapy: A Subset Analysis of a Randomized Phase III Trial of Pemetrexed Compared With Docetaxel in Patients With Previously Treated Advanced Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Weiss Glen J. , Langer Corey , Rosell Rafael , Hanna Nasser , Shepherd Frances , Einhorn Lawrence H. , Nguyen Binh , Paul Sofia , McAndrews Patrick , Bunn Paul A. , Kelly Karen 
Published: September 2006

Purpose Numerous prospective and retrospective studies have concluded that elderly patients (≥ 70 years old) achieve a similar survival benefit, with acceptable toxicity, from first-line cytotoxic chemotherapy for the treatment of advanced non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) compared with their younger counterparts. However, few published data exist on the efficacy and tolerability of second-line cytotoxic therapy in this population. Patients and Methods Retrospective analysis of a large second-line trial was performed. Data from 571 patients randomly assigned to docetaxel 75 mg/m2 or pemetrexed 500 mg/m2 every 3 weeks were analyzed for efficacy and toxicity comparisons between age groups and treatment arms. Results Eighty-six of 571 patients (15%) were ≥ 70 years old, similar to rates of elderly observed in the first-line setting. Elderly patients receiving pemetrexed (n = 47) or docetaxel (n = 39) had a median survival of 9.5 and 7.7 months compared with 7.8 and 8.0 months for younger patients receiving pemetrexed (n = 236) or docetaxel (n = 249), respectively. Elderly patients treated with pemetrexed had a longer time to progression and a longer survival than their counterpart patients treated with docetaxel (not statistically significant). Febrile neutropenia was less frequent in elderly patients treated with pemetrexed (2.5%) compared with docetaxel (19%; P = .025), with only one death as a result of toxicity (docetaxel arm). Conclusion Elderly patient participation was similar to rates observed in the first-line setting. There was no significant difference in outcome or toxicity between elderly and younger patients. For elderly patients with advanced NSCLC and good performance status, second-line cytotoxic therapy is appropriate. In this subset, pemetrexed produced a more favorable toxicity profile.
Phase II Trial of Lomustine Plus Temozolomide Chemotherapy in Addition to Radiotherapy in Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma: UKT-03
Authors: Herrlinger Ulrich , Rieger Johannes , Koch Dorothee , Loeser Simon , Blaschke Britta , Kortmann Rolf-Dieter , Steinbach Joachim P. , Hundsberger Thomas , Wick Wolfgang , Meyermann Richard , Tan Ta-Chih , Sommer Clemens , Bamberg Michael , Reifenberger Guido , Weller Michael 
Published: September 2006

Purpose To evaluate toxicity and efficacy of the combination of lomustine, temozolomide (TMZ) and involved-field radiotherapy in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma (GBM). Patients and Methods Thirty-one adult patients (median Karnofsky performance score 90; median age, 51 years) accrued in two centers received involved-field radiotherapy (60 Gy in 2-Gy fractions) and chemotherapy with lomustine 100 mg/m2 (day 1) and TMZ 100 mg/m2/d (days 2 to 6) with individual dose adjustments according to hematologic toxicity. Results A median of five courses (range, one to six courses) were delivered. WHO grade 4 hematotoxicity was observed in five patients (16%) and one of these patients died as a result of septicemia. Nonhematologic toxicity included one patient with WHO grade 4 drug-induced hepatitis (leading to discontinuation of lomustine and TMZ) and one patient with WHO grade 2 lung fibrosis (leading to discontinuation of lomustine). The progression-free survival (PFS) rate at 6 months was 61.3%. The median PFS was 9 months (95% CI, 5.3 to 11.7 months), the median overall survival time (MST) was 22.6 months (95% CI, 12.5 to not assessable), the 2-year survival rate was 44.7%. O6-Methylguanine–DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) gene-promoter methylation in the tumor tissue was associated with longer PFS (P = .014, log-rank test) and MST (P = .037). Conclusion The combination of lomustine, TMZ, and radiotherapy had acceptable toxicity and yielded promising survival data in patients with newly diagnosed GBM. MGMT gene-promoter methylation was a strong predictor of survival.
Comparison of performance of compressed-air energy-storage plant with compressed-air storage with humidification
Authors: Najjar Y. S H. , Jubeh N. M. 
Published: September 2006

In this work, the use of compressed-air storage with humidification (CASH) system, instead of using the compressed-air energy storage (CAES) system, to increase the generated power ( Wgen) and primary energy efficiency (ηpe) is discussed. Performance is calculated for CAES and CASH systems. The operating variables in this study are discharged air mass flow (mt), ambient air temperature ( Ta), and overall pressure ratio (Rc). The effect of these variables on the generated power ( Wgen), energy ratio (ER), and primary energy efficiency (ηpe) is evaluated. The efficiencies are based on lower heating value. The result showed superior performance of CASH system relative to CAES. For example, at mt= 200 kg/s, Wgen= 243.029 MW, ER = 45.41 per cent, ηpe= 43.2 per cent for the CAES; whereas for the CASH system, Wgen= 277.083 MW, ER = 39.8 per cent, ηpe= 47.1 per cent. The generated power ( Wgen), energy ratio (ER), and primary energy efficiency (ηpe) for the CASH system at the design point, are about 14 per cent more, 14 per cent less, and 9 per cent more than that for the CAES system, respectively.
Hollow Fiber Membrane as a Low-cost and High-efficient Micromixer to Prepare CdS Nanoparticles
Authors: Wang Hongzhi , Wei Jie , Yu Muhuo , Li Yaogang , Sun Junfen , Zhu Meifang 
Published: September 2006

Abstract
Hollow fiber membrane was utilized to act as a new kind of micromixer. By controlling the nitrogen pressure, external reactant could quickly mix with the fluid in the fiber channel through the nanopores located on the wall of hollow fiber membrane. CdS nanoparticles with narrow size distribution have been produced in this microreactor system owing to the efficient mixing.
Hydroalkenylation of Alkynes Catalyzed by Dinuclear Palladium Complexes via C–H Bond Activation
Authors: Tsukada Naofumi , Setoguchi Hiroyuki , Mitsuboshi Tomohiro , Inoue Yoshio 
Published: September 2006

Abstract
Hydroalkenylation of alkynes with alkenes proceeded in the presence of dinuclear palladium complexes and lithium tri-tert-butoxyaluminum hydride to yield 1,3-dienes.
Platinum-free Catalyst for Efficient Reduction of Oxygen at Air Cathode
Authors: Sawai Keijiro , Uda Daisaku 
Published: September 2006

Abstract
Electrocatalytic activity and selectivity for oxygen reduction to water on platinum-free catalysts prepared from transition metal hexacyanometallate precursors have been examined using a rotating ring-disk electrode technique. The results obtained indicated that a catalyst containing copper and iron promotes so-called four-electron reduction reaction of oxygen at a potential close to or higher than that of a Pt electrode, so that it could be a possible candidate substituting for Pt-based catalysts of air cathodes.
Fluorescent Molecular Sensing for Various Types of Surfactants Using Amino-β-cyclodextrins Bearing Naphthalene Chromophore
Authors: Nakashima Hironori , Yoshida Noboru 
Published: September 2006

Abstract
Fluorescent spectroscopic studies on the complexation of naphthalene-appended amino-β-cyclodextrins, 1 and 2, with anionic, cationic, and nonionic surfactants have been carried out. In host 1–surfactant system, an excellent fluorescent signal change was observed. On the other hand, host 2 exhibits no photophysical response in the presence of various surfactants. The difference in the properties between 1 and 2 was interpreted by difference in the inclusion depth of the naphthalene units for the cyclodextrin cavity. The binding abilities and thermodynamic (ΔH°, ΔS°, and ΔG°) quantities of 1–surfactant system have been discussed to characterize structure/enegetics for the complexation process.
Immobilization of a Binuclear Ruthenium(III) Complex on a Gold (111) Surface: Observations of Proton-coupled Electron Transfer and Electrochemical Durability in Aqueous Media
Authors: Uehara Hiromitsu , Abe Masaaki , Hisaeda Yoshio , Uosaki Kohei , Sasaki Yoichi 
Published: September 2006

Abstract
An oxo-bridged diruthenium(III) complex was immobilized on a Au(111) electrode through the coordination by terminal pyridyl groups of self-assembled monolayer of alkyl chains, and the immobilized complex underwent proton-coupled electron-transfer reactions in a very wide pH range (2–12) with remarkable monolayer durability for multiple potential cycles.