bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do patients with different craniofacial patterns have differences in upper airway volume? A systematic review with network meta-analysis
Authors: Altheer Charlotte , Papageorgiou Spyridon N , Antonarakis Gregory S , Papadopoulou Alexandra K 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundCraniofacial skeletal discrepancies have been associated with upper airway dimensions.ObjectiveTo identify differences in upper airway volume across different sagittal and vertical skeletal patterns.Search methodsUnrestricted literature searches in eight databases/registers for human studies until May 2023.Selection criteriaCross-sectional studies measuring upper airway volumes using three-dimensional imaging in healthy patients of different sagittal (Class I, Class II, and Class III) or vertical (normodivergent, hypodivergent, and hyperdivergent) craniofacial morphology.Data collection and analysisDuplicate independent study selection, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment. Random-effects frequentist network meta-analysis was performed followed by subgroup-analyses and assessment of the quality of clinical recommendations (confidence in effect estimates) with the CINeMA (Confidence in Network Meta-Analysis) approach.ResultsSeventy publications pertaining to 66 unique studies were included with 56 studies (5734 patients) contributing to meta-analyses. Statistically significant differences were found for total pharyngeal airway volume, with Class II having decreased airway volume (−2256.06 mm3; 95% Confidence Interval [CI] −3201.61 to −1310.51 mm3) and Class III increased airway volume (1098.93 mm3; 95% CI 25.41 to 2172.45 mm3) compared to Class I. Significant airway volume reductions for Class II were localized mostly at the oropharynx, followed by the palatopharynx, and the glossopharynx. Significant airway volume increases for Class III were localized mostly at the oropharynx, followed by the intraoral cavity, and hypopharynx. Statistically significant differences according to vertical skeletal configuration were seen only for the oropharynx, where hyperdivergent patients had reduced volumes compared to normodivergent patients (−1716.77 mm3; 95% CI −3296.42 to −137.12 mm3). Airway differences for Class II and Class III configurations (compared to Class I) were more pronounced in adults than in children and the confidence for all estimates was very low according to CINeMA.ConclusionsConsiderable differences in upper airway volume were found between sagittal and vertical skeletal configurations. However, results should be interpreted with caution due to the high risk of bias, owing to the retrospective study design, inconsistencies in anatomic compartment boundaries used, samples of mixed children–adult patients, and incomplete reporting.Clinical Trial RegistrationPROSPERO (CRD42022366928).
Acute and Chronic Oak Decline in urban and forest ecosystems in Southern Italy
Authors: Carluccio Giambattista , Sabella Erika , Greco Davide , Vergine Marzia , Delle Donne Angelo Giovanni , Nutricati Eliana , Aprile Alessio , De Bellis Luigi , Luvisi Andrea 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Since recently, a decline of holm oak (Quercus ilex L.) is observed in Salento (South Italy), this caused concern regarding the protection of native biodiversity and local forests. Symptomatic trees show browning of leaves, thinning of canopy, and loss of branches. The aim of this study was to understand the biotic factors involved in the observed decline. During the monitoring activity, the use of phenotypic descriptors highlighted the presence of two types of decline with distinct symptoms among oaks in rural and urban areas, which could be classified as Acute Oak Decline (AOD) and Chronic Oak Decline (COD), respectively. Following this, diagnostic analyses were carried out to assess the presence of various holm oak pathogens on twigs, trunk, and soil. These analyses revealed the presence of several Botryosphaeriaceae oak pathogens, present ubiquitously between the two environmental contexts, with Diplodia seriata being overall the most prevalent. Contrarily, bacteria associated with AOD were only present in the rural areas and included: Brenneria goodwinii, Gibbsiella quercinecans, and Rahnella victoriana. As far as known to the authors, this is the first time these pathogens have been found in the Mediterranean coastal regions. Lastly, soil analyses performed to detect the presence of Phytophthora cinnamomi were negative. Our results highlight the presence of several pathogens, which indicates that oak decline is a multifactorial phenomenon for which the predisposing, initial, and contributing factors are not yet known particularly for the recently described AOD and COD. Finally, the identification of AOD-related bacteria in Salento is a cause of concern for the need of urgent management actions aimed to contain their spread and to preserve the forest heritage of the region.
The potential and limitations of large language models in identification of the states of motivations for facilitating health behavior change
Authors: Bak Michelle , Chin Jessie 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Importance
The study highlights the potential and limitations of the Large Language Models (LLMs) in recognizing different states of motivation to provide appropriate information for behavior change. Following the Transtheoretical Model (TTM), we identified the major gap of LLMs in responding to certain states of motivation through validated scenario studies, suggesting future directions of LLMs research for health promotion.

Objectives
The LLMs-based generative conversational agents (GAs) have shown success in identifying user intents semantically. Little is known about its capabilities to identify motivation states and provide appropriate information to facilitate behavior change progression.

Materials and Methods
We evaluated 3 GAs, ChatGPT, Google Bard, and Llama 2 in identifying motivation states following the TTM stages of change. GAs were evaluated using 25 validated scenarios with 5 health topics across 5 TTM stages. The relevance and completeness of the responses to cover the TTM processes to proceed to the next stage of change were assessed.

Results
3 GAs identified the motivation states in the preparation stage providing sufficient information to proceed to the action stage. The responses to the motivation states in the action and maintenance stages were good enough covering partial processes for individuals to initiate and maintain their changes in behavior. However, the GAs were not able to identify users’ motivation states in the precontemplation and contemplation stages providing irrelevant information, covering about 20%-30% of the processes.

Discussion
GAs are able to identify users’ motivation states and provide relevant information when individuals have established goals and commitments to take and maintain an action. However, individuals who are hesitant or ambivalent about behavior change are unlikely to receive sufficient and relevant guidance to proceed to the next stage of change.

Conclusion
The current GAs effectively identify motivation states of individuals with established goals but may lack support for those ambivalent towards behavior change.
Curiosities in the Far North
Authors: Ekman Mattias 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
According to conventional accounts of Norwegian museum history, Norway’s history of collecting began in the second half of the eighteenth century. However, this article, which is the first comprehensive investigation into Norway’s involvement with seventeenth-century collecting cultures, shows that the country’s museum and collecting history began more than a hundred years earlier. It addresses the question of infrastructure: namely, how Norway and Norwegians came into contact with Danish and other continental collectors and collections. While some networks engaged explicitly in the exchange of rarities, others were primarily administrative, diplomatic or mercantile in character, allowing curiosities – and also curiosity – to travel. The article seeks to portray a museal culture of seeing, finding, transmuting, collecting, communicating, distributing and publishing specimens and artefacts. It demonstrates how well integrated Norwegians and Norway were in the culture of Kunstkammern and cabinets of curiosities, and it concludes that Norway has been profoundly overlooked in the history of early modern collecting.
The radiation of nodulated Chamaecrista species from the rainforest into more diverse habitats has been accompanied by a reduction in growth form and a shift from fixation threads to symbiosomes
Authors: Casaes Patricia Alves , Ferreira dos Santos José Miguel , Silva Verônica Cordeiro , Rhem Mariana Ferreira Kruschewsky , Teixeira Cota Matheus Martins , de Faria Sergio Miana , Rando Juliana Gastaldello , James Euan K , Gross Eduardo 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
All non-Mimosoid nodulated genera in the legume subfamily Caesalpinioideae confine their rhizobial symbionts within cell wall-bound ‘fixation threads’ (FTs). The exception is the large genus Chamaecrista in which shrubs and subshrubs house their rhizobial bacteroids more intimately within symbiosomes, whereas large trees have FTs. This study aimed to unravel the evolutionary relationships between Chamaecrista growth habit, habitat, nodule bacteroid type, and rhizobial genotype. The growth habit, bacteroid anatomy, and rhizobial symbionts of 30 nodulated Chamaecrista species native to different biomes in the Brazilian state of Bahia, a major centre of diversity for the genus, was plotted onto an ITS-trnL-F-derived phylogeny of Chamaecrista. The bacteroids from most of the Chamaecrista species examined were enclosed in symbiosomes (SYM-type nodules), but those in arborescent species in the section Apoucouita, at the base of the genus, were enclosed in cell wall material containing homogalacturonan (HG) and cellulose (FT-type nodules). Most symbionts were Bradyrhizobium genotypes grouped according to the growth habits of their hosts, but the tree, C. eitenorum, was nodulated by Paraburkholderia. Chamaecrista has a range of growth habits that allow it to occupy several different biomes and to co-evolve with a wide range of (mainly) bradyrhizobial symbionts. FTs represent a less intimate symbiosis linked with nodulation losses, so the evolution of SYM-type nodules by most Chamaecrista species may have (i) aided the genus-wide retention of nodulation, and (ii) assisted in its rapid speciation and radiation out of the rainforest into more diverse and challenging habitats.
DNA variants detected in primary and metastatic lung adenocarcinoma: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Kelly Christina , Raymond Caitlin , Han Song , Lin Youmin , Chen Linyijia , Huang Gengming , Dong Jianli 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has been found to have recurrent genetic abnormalities, and novel therapies targeting these aberrations have improved patient survival. In this study, specimens from benign tissue, primary tumors, and brain metastases were obtained at autopsy from a 55-year-old White female patient diagnosed with NSCLC and were examined using next-generation sequencing (NGS) and chromosomal microarray assay (CMA). No genetic aberrations were noted in the benign tissue; however, NGS identified a mutation in the KRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase (KRAS): KRAS exon 2 p.G12D in primary and metastatic tumor specimens. We observed 7 DNA copy number aberrations (CNAs) in primary and metastatic tumor specimens; an additional 7 CNAs were exclusively detected in the metastatic tumor specimens. These DNA alterations may be genetic drivers in the pathogenesis of the tumor specimen from our patient and may serve as biomarkers for the classification and prognosis of NSCLC.
Indirect Correlative Light and Electron Microscopy (iCLEM): A Novel Pipeline for Multiscale Quantification of Structure From Molecules to Organs
Authors: Struckman Heather L , Moise Nicolae , Vanslembrouck Bieke , Rothacker Nathan , Chen Zhenhui , van Hengel Jolanda , Weinberg Seth H , Veeraraghavan Rengasayee 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Correlative light and electron microscopy (CLEM) methods are powerful methods that combine molecular organization (from light microscopy) with ultrastructure (from electron microscopy). However, CLEM methods pose high cost/difficulty barriers to entry and have very low experimental throughput. Therefore, we have developed an indirect correlative light and electron microscopy (iCLEM) pipeline to sidestep the rate-limiting steps of CLEM (i.e., preparing and imaging the same samples on multiple microscopes) and correlate multiscale structural data gleaned from separate samples imaged using different modalities by exploiting biological structures identifiable by both light and electron microscopy as intrinsic fiducials. We demonstrate here an application of iCLEM, where we utilized gap junctions and mechanical junctions between muscle cells in the heart as intrinsic fiducials to correlate ultrastructural measurements from transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM) with molecular organization from confocal microscopy and single molecule localization microscopy (SMLM). We further demonstrate how iCLEM can be integrated with computational modeling to discover structure–function relationships. Thus, we present iCLEM as a novel approach that complements existing CLEM methods and provides a generalizable framework that can be applied to any set of imaging modalities, provided suitable intrinsic fiducials can be identified.
Emergence of an Orphan Nitrogenase Protein Following Atmospheric Oxygenation
Authors: Cuevas-Zuviría Bruno , Garcia Amanda K , Rivier Alex J , Rucker Holly R , Carruthers Brooke M , Kaçar Betül 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Molecular innovations within key metabolisms can have profound impacts on element cycling and ecological distribution. Yet, much of the molecular foundations of early evolved enzymes and metabolisms are unknown. Here, we bring one such mystery to relief by probing the birth and evolution of the G-subunit protein, an integral component of certain members of the nitrogenase family, the only enzymes capable of biological nitrogen fixation. The G-subunit is a Paleoproterozoic-age orphan protein that appears more than 1 billion years after the origin of nitrogenases. We show that the G-subunit arose with novel nitrogenase metal dependence and the ecological expansion of nitrogen-fixing microbes following the transition in environmental metal availabilities and atmospheric oxygenation that began ∼2.5 billion years ago. We identify molecular features that suggest early G-subunit proteins mediated cofactor or protein interactions required for novel metal dependency, priming ancient nitrogenases and their hosts to exploit these newly diversified geochemical environments. We further examined the degree of functional specialization in G-subunit evolution with extant and ancestral homologs using laboratory reconstruction experiments. Our results indicate that permanent recruitment of the orphan protein depended on the prior establishment of conserved molecular features and showcase how contingent evolutionary novelties might shape ecologically important microbial innovations.
Real-World Evaluation of Primary Versus Secondary Prevention of Skeletal-Related Events in Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer
Authors: Phillips William J , Saad Fred , Leigh Jennifer , Jooya Alborz , Webber Colleen , Morgan Scott , MacRae Robert , Bourque Jean-Marc , Tanuseputro Peter , Ong Michael 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Anti-osteoclast treatment with denosumab or zoledronate is known to effectively reduce the need for radiotherapy to bone and other skeletal-related events (SREs) in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). In this study, we analyze primary versus secondary initiation of bone-targeting agents (BTAs) relative to first palliative bone radiotherapy in patients dying of mCRPC.

Methods
Provincial administrative databases from Ontario, Canada identified patients with prostate cancer (2007-2018, n = 98 646) who received continuous androgen deprivation therapy (n = 29 453), died of prostate cancer (2013-2018, n = 3864), and received life-prolonging therapy for mCRPC (n = 1850). Variables were collected looking back 3 years from death. Multivariable analysis explored the relationship between clinical variables and BTAs.

Results
Of the 58% (1066/1850) patients with mCRPC who received BTA, only 289 (25.4%) started BTA prior to first palliative bone radiotherapy as primary prevention. Eight hundred and forty-eight (74.6%) patients either never received BTA before death (n = 447) or started BTA only after first bone radiotherapy (n = 401). More patients received denosumab (n = 825, 77%) than zoledronic acid (n = 241, 23%). 51.2% (582/1137) of palliative bone radiotherapy was initiated in the last 12 months of life. Factors associated with the use of BTA included elevated alkaline phosphatase (OR = 1.0, P = .023), de novo metastases (OR = 1.4, P = .005), medical oncologist involvement (OR = 2.0, P = .007), diagnosis 2012-2017 versus 2007-2011 (OR = 0.75, P = .034), and academic center (OR = 0.061, P = .007).

Conclusion
A majority of patients with mCRPC never receive BTAs prior to first SRE, despite universal access and availability of these agents in Ontario. These results highlight an opportunity to improve outcomes by emphasizing early introduction of BTA in patients with mCRPC being started on systemic therapy.
‘A System Only to Be Defended on the Principle of Positive and Ascertained Necessity’: Quarantine and Thomas Maitland’s Contribution to the Medical Debates of 1819 and 1824
Authors: Zarokostas Evangelos (Aggelis) 
Published: March 2024

Summary
This article focusses on the ‘plague debates’ which took place in the British parliament in 1819 and 1824, where the opinions of non-medical experts were also taken into account; particularly those of officials who had acquired relevant practical experience. Such opinions were crucial in politicising the medical debate from one of the nature of plagues, towards an evaluation of the impact of quarantine more broadly. Paying closer attention at the correspondence between the colonial governor of Malta and the Ionian Islands, and the colonial secretary, it reveals a different aspect of the contagion inquiry in Britain—one considering medical knowledge about plagues that was highly speculative. While most historical works illuminate the establishment of what was considered to be medical evidence, there is less work about the political, economic or even personal motives which underlined interventions in these debates.
Shifting Cohort Patterns in the Use of Drugs with Elevated Overdose Risk in the United States
Authors: England Kira , Luo Liying , Verdery Ashton M , Monnat Shannon M 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Rising drug overdose rates are a major social problem, but understanding of trends in the use of high-risk drugs is limited. The increasingly addictive potential of high-risk drugs, broader social changes, and the importance of peers and social contexts in shaping use may create conditions in which some cohorts have elevated use further into adulthood than others. We use an age-period-cohort model that defines cohort effects as the differential influences of social events for individuals of different ages. We analyze data from the 1979–2018 National Survey on Drug Use and Health to study past-year (mis)use of prescription analgesics, heroin, cocaine, and methamphetamine. Pre-1990 cohorts had either consistently lower than average odds or decreasing odds of use as they aged. The 1990s cohorts had higher than average odds of use, which increased as they aged. Early-2000s cohorts had increasing odds of use with age, despite low odds in adolescence. High-risk drug use appears to be an important cohort differentiating mechanism, with implications for policy and theories of deviance and stratification. The typical focus on period trends obscures the elevated odds of high-risk drug use in certain cohorts, whose members are entering the ages when overdose is most likely and consequences become most pronounced.
Past and future of alveolar organoids for lung regenerative medicine
Authors: Mikawa Ryuta , Gotoh Shimpei 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The lung is regarded as having limited regenerative capacity, and there are few treatment options for refractory lung diseases, such as interstitial pneumonia. Lung transplantation is the final option available in some scenarios. Research in this area has been slow owing to the complex structure of the lung for efficient gas exchange between the alveolar spaces and capillaries as well as the difficulty in obtaining specimens from patients with progressive lung disease. However, basic research over the past decade in the field of mouse and human embryology using genetic lineage tracing techniques and stem cell biology using primary and pluripotent stem cell-derived alveolar organoids has begun to clarify the tissue response in various intractable lung diseases and the mechanisms underlying remodeling. Advancement in this area may expand potential therapeutic targets for alveolar regeneration, providing alternatives to lung transplantation, and contribute to the development of effective therapeutic methods that activate or repopulate stem cells in the lung. In this review, we cover research focused on alveolar epithelial cells and discuss methods expected to regenerate lungs that are damaged by diseases.
Recapitulating familial hypercholesterolemia in a mouse model by knock‐in patient‐specific LDLR mutation
Authors: Liu Jing , Yang Fayu , Shang Lu , Cai Shuo , Wu Yuting , Liu Yingchun , Zhang Lifang , Fei Chenzhong , Wang Mi , Gu Feng 
Published: March 2024

AbstractFamilial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is one of the most prevalent monogenetic disorders leading to cardiovascular disease (CVD) worldwide. Mutations in Ldlr, encoding a membrane‐spanning protein, account for the majority of FH cases. No effective and safe clinical treatments are available for FH. Adenine base editor (ABE)‐mediated molecular therapy is a promising therapeutic strategy to treat genetic diseases caused by point mutations, with evidence of successful treatment in mouse disease models. However, due to the differences in the genomes between mice and humans, ABE with specific sgRNA, a key gene correction component, cannot be directly used to treat FH patients. Thus, we generated a knock‐in mouse model harboring the partial patient‐specific fragment and including the Ldlr W490X mutation. LdlrW490X/W490X mice recapitulated cholesterol metabolic disorder and clinical manifestations of atherosclerosis associated with FH patients, including high plasma low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and lipid deposition in aortic vessels. Additionally, we showed that the mutant Ldlr gene could be repaired using ABE with the cellular model. Taken together, these results pave the way for ABE‐mediated molecular therapy for FH.