bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An agent‐based scheduling method enabling rescheduling with trial‐and‐error approach
Authors: Mitsui Hiroyasu , Sugihara Hiroaki , Koizumi Hisao , Sawamoto Jun , Tsuji Hidekazu 
Published: February 2007

AbstractScheduling optimization is an extremely difficult problem; therefore, many scheduling methods such as linear programming or stochastic searching have been investigated in order to obtain better solutions close to the optimum one. After obtaining a certain solution, scheduling managers may need to reschedule another solution that corresponds to changes in requirements or resources. However, rescheduling problems become more difficult as they become larger in scale. In this paper, we propose an agent‐based rescheduling system using the linear programming approach. In our system, agents can autonomously conduct rescheduling on behalf of managers by repeated trial and error in balancing loads or changing the priority of resource allocation until it reaches a better solution for the requirement is obtained. In addition, managers can engage in trial and error with the help of agents to seek a better solution by changing constraint conditions. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 159(1): 26–38, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20434
On a stability of minimum variance control
Authors: Mori Yasuchika , Asami Futoshi 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSelf‐tuning control (STC) is a control technique to adjust the parameter of the on‐line controller which adapts itself when plant parameter changes. Effective ways to design STC include minimum‐variance control (MVC), generalized minimum‐variance control (GMVC), and generalized predicted control (GPC). The structure of MVC and GMVC is especially easy and manageable. It is necessary to use MVC so that a plant is a minimum phase system and stable in the discrete time‐domain. But, in general the actual controlled system is in continuous time. Then, when digitizing is performed, it sometimes becomes a non‐minimum phase system. If we set the sampling time very low, an MVC controller has unstable poles. In this paper, we propose an MVC design for a plant which is stable and a minimum phase system in a continuous time domain by introducing a delta operator and weight adjustment of the cost function. Then, we evaluate its stability. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 159(1): 17–25, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20472
CE chips fabricated by injection molding and polyethylene/thermoplastic elastomer film packaging methods
Authors: Huang Fu‐Chun , Chen Yih‐Far , Lee Gwo‐Bin 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis study presents a new packaging method using a polyethylene/thermoplastic elastomer (PE/TPE) film to seal an injection‐molded CE chip made of either poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) or polycarbonate (PC) materials. The packaging is performed at atmospheric pressure and at room temperature, which is a fast, easy, and reliable bonding method to form a sealed CE chip for chemical analysis and biomedical applications. The fabrication of PMMA and PC microfluidic channels is accomplished by using an injection‐molding process, which could be mass‐produced for commercial applications. In addition to microfluidic CE channels, 3‐D reservoirs for storing biosamples, and CE buffers are also formed during this injection‐molding process. With this approach, a commercial CE chip can be of low cost and disposable. Finally, the functionality of the mass‐produced CE chip is demonstrated through its successful separation of ϕX174 DNA/HaeIII markers. Experimental data show that the S/N for the CE chips using the PE/TPE film has a value of 5.34, when utilizing DNA markers with a concentration of 2 ng/μL and a CE buffer of 2% hydroxypropyl‐methylcellulose (HPMC) in Tris‐borate‐EDTA (TBE) with 1% YO‐PRO®‐1 fluorescent dye. Thus, the detection limit of the developed chips is improved. Lastly, the developed CE chips are used for the separation and detection of PCR products. A mixture of an amplified antibiotic gene for Streptococcus pneumoniae and ϕX174 DNA/HaeIII markers was successfully separated and detected by using the proposed CE chips. Experimental data show that these DNA samples were separated within 2 min. The study proposed a promising method for the development of mass‐produced CE chips.
Fast establishment of single‐strand conformation polymorphism by targeted primer development in Pityogenes chalcographus (Coleoptera, Scolytinae)
Authors: Arthofer Wolfgang , Avtzis Dimitrios N. , Stauffer Christian 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSSCP is a widespread method for mutation detection in biomedical research. Yet, its potential as a tool for population genetics is still not fully utilized. Based on mitochondrial DNA sequences of 96 specimens of the wood‐boring beetle Pityogenes chalcographus we constructed a phylogenetic tree of European populations. This tree consisted of six broadly sympatric diverged lineages containing in total 34 haplotypes. Genetic regions of high mutational activity were determined and used for targeted SSCP primer development. In an SSCP mass screening of 427 individuals more than 80% could be assigned to a distinct clade, revealing the insect's genetic structure in Europe. It was demonstrated that analysis of known sequences allows the setup of a functional SSCP protocol within less than two weeks of working time and that phylogenetic data may be retrieved with high accuracy and significantly reduced costs compared to direct sequencing of PCR products.
Sensitivity of drosophila melanogaster to low concentrations of the gaseous 1, 2‐dibromoethane: I. Acute exposures
Authors: Kale P. , Baum J. W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractDrosophila melanogaster males were exposed to gaseous 1, 2‐dibromoethane at concentrations lower than those used in aerosol treatments of suspected mutagens by other investigators. Premeiotic stages appear to be more sensitive than postmeiotic stages to gaseous mutagens. At an exposure of 125 ppm.hr, significant numbers of mutations were induced in spermatids, spermatocytes, and spermatogonia. Since this exposure increased the mutation rate in spermatogonial stages by a factor of 20–40 over the spontaneous rate, it appears that the lowest detectable exposures may be much lower than 125 ppm.hr for 1, 2‐dibromoethane.
Genetic effects of pr toxin in eukaryotic microorganisms
Authors: Wei Ru‐Dong , Ong Tong‐Man , Whong Wen‐Zong , Frezza Domenico , Bronzetti Giorgio , Zeiger Errol 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe genetic activity of PR toxin, a mycotoxin from Penicillium roqueforti, was studied in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Neurospora crassa. The results show that PR toxin, without enzymic activation, causes gene conversion in S. cerevisiae strains D4 and D7, reverse mutation in S. cerevisiae strain D7 and N. crassa strain N24, and mitotic crossing‐over in S. cerevisiae strain D7, In the log phase cells of S. cerevisiae the effects are more pronounced at alkaline than at acid pH. The active site responsible for the genetic activity and toxicity is known. The carbonyl groups appear to play an important role in the biologic activity of this molecule.
Mutagens in a river heavily polluted with paper recycling wastes: Results of field and laboratory mutagen assays
Authors: Klekowski Ed , Levin David E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPaper recycling industries generate considerable quantities of waterborne wastes, and thus water pollution constitutes the greatest environmental problem associated with this industrial activity [Hunt and Franklin, 1973]. Generally the impact of this water pollution is considered in terms of aesthetic blight and deterioration of water quality. We present data that document another aspect of this pollution, the environmental contamination of an aquatic ecosystem with mutagenic materials.A natural population of the fern Osmunda regalis growing in a river heavily polluted with paper recycling wastes had a high incidence of chromosome mutations. This population was monitored for four years for the frequency of two‐break chromosome mutations. These mutations were postzygotic in origin and suggested the presence of mutagens in the river water. The fern population is downstream from the outfalls of a paper recycling mill, which was discharging 13.3 ± 106 liters of untreated paper recycling waste per day.In 1977 a waste‐water‐treatment facility was constructed to remove the solid waste previously discharged into the river. This facility generates 69,300 kg of solid waste daily, which is taken to a landfill. Periodic samples of this solid waste were collected from the waste‐treatment facility in the summer of 1978, extracted with various solvents, and the extracts tested for mutagenic activity with the Salmonella/mammalian microsome mutagenicity test [Ames et al, 1975]. A majority of the solid waste samples contained mutagenic materials, but in all cases S‐9 activation was required for mutagenic activity. The samples also were assayed with the soybean mitotic crossing‐over assay [Vig, 1975]. Four out of six samples were positive.These results document the presence of mutagens in the solid waste generated by a paper recycling industry and the genetic impact of these mutagens on the local biota.
Dominant lethality in frog embryos after paternal treatment with triethylenemelamine: Cytogenetics, morphology, and swimming capability
Authors: McKinnell Robert G. , Picciano Dante J. , Schaad John W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMale frogs (Rana pipiens) were injected intraperitoneally with triethylenemel‐amine (TEM). The injected males were held for seven days to permit TEM interaction with sperm. The TEM‐treated males were then spermiated with human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) and the ova of normal females were inseminated with the sperm. Direct observation was made of in vitro fertilized ova, cleavage, blastulation, and subsequent embryonic development. No differences were detected between the controls and treated animals from any experimental group for fertilization, cleavage, and blastulation. Dose‐related morphologic abnormalities first became apparent at the time of gastrulation; the capability of hatched embryos to swim was affected by TEM. Metaphase chromosomes were studied from randomly selected embryos, and the prevalence of chromosomal structural abnormalities increased with dose over a range of 13–1,300 μg TEM per kilogram frog.
Cytogenetic effects of busulfan in vivo on bone marrow cells and oocytes of adult mice and liver cells of transplacentally exposed embryos
Authors: Basler A. , Theiss I. , Röhrborn G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAdult female mice were twice treated orally with 15, 30, or 60 mg busulfan per kg of body weight. In bone marrow, a dose‐dependent linear increase in the frequency of chromosome aberrations was observed. Similar to the effects of other alkylating agents, busulfan induced all types of aberrations, including exchanges.In metaphase II oocytes, only a few chromosome aberrations were observed. An intervening round of DNA‐replication seems to be necessary to translate busulfan‐induced lesions in oocytes into chromosome aberrations.In embryonic liver cells of transplacentally exposed mice, chromosome aberrations were induced.
Lack of correlation between mms‐toxicity in larvae and in adults of mutagen‐sensitive mutants of drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Graf U. , Würgler F. E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAdult males of 20 different stocks of Drosophila melanogaster, including 16 with various X‐linked mutagen‐sensitive mutations, were tested for sensitivity to the lethal action of methyl methane sulfonate (MMS) in a continuous feeding experiment. It was impossible to establish a correlation between MMS‐toxicity in adults and MMS‐toxicity in larvae. In addition, experiments to examine the fertility of MMS‐treated flies of four mutagen‐sensitive strains and one wild‐type strain were performed. These experiments demonstrated that the spermatogonia of mei‐9L1 and mei‐41D5 in larvae and in adults are more sensitive to MMS than the spermatogonia of the wild‐type strain or the other two mutagen‐sensitive strains.
Mutagenic activity of epoxy embedding reagents employed in electron microscopy
Authors: Murray Mary P. , Cummins Joseph E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractComponents of epoxy‐based embedding media used in electron microscopy were examined for their mutagenicity in the Ames Salmonella system. The compounds, singly and in combination, were shown to be active with strain TA100 (base substitution indicator) but not with TA98 (frameshift indicator). When tested separately the epoxy resins Araldite, Epon, and vinyl cyclohexen dioxide (VCD) and the plasticizer diglycidyl ether of propylene glycol (DER‐736) were found to be significantly mutagenic. These active compounds, in combination with liver mixed oxidase preparation (S9), showed increased mutagenicity over similar preparations in the absence of microsomal activation.
Phototherapy for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia—a potential environmental health hazard to newborn infants: A review
Authors: Speck William T. , Rosenkranz Herbert S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPhototherapy has been shown to be an effective therapy for severe neonatal jaundice. However, because of its seemingly innocuous effect on normal babies, this therapeutic modality has been widely used to prevent jaundice in circumstances where it may be neither necessary nor beneficial. The present report summarizes results which indicate that phototherapy is endowed with DNA‐modifying properties and has therefore the potential for inducing genetic and carcinogenic effects. These disconcerting findings concerning the long‐term hazardous consequences of an accepted therapeutic procedure require that the unique physiologic and pharmacologic characteristics of the newborn populations be recognized when assessing the risks and benefits of phototherapy.
Regulation of dimethylnitrosamine metabolism by androgenic hormones
Authors: Bakshi K. , Brusick D. , Bullock L. P. , Bardin C. W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractHormonal regulation of dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) metabolism by mouse kidney microsomes was investigated using an in vitro mutagenesis system that detects bioactive metabolites of this procarcinogen by measuring reverse mutation in Salmonella typhimurium his auxotrophs. Induction of microsomal DMN metabolizing enzymes was androgen‐specific. Testosterone and medroxyprogesterone acetate were active inducers, d/1 norgestrel was less active, while epitestosterone, estradiol, and progesterone were ineffective. The response to testosterone and medroxyprogesterone acetate was time‐ and dose‐dependent. Eleven strains of inbred mice were screened for their response to exogenous testosterone. DMN metabolism was stimulated in all mouse strains except for RF/J mice. Other androgenic end points were responsive in the latter strain, however.These observations suggest that induction of renal microsomal DMN metabolising enzymes is androgen‐specific and probably mediated via the androgen receptor. The insensitivity of RF/J mice may be due to a mutation affecting a key step in the enzymatic activation of DMN.
Mitotic arrest by benzimidazole analogs in human lymphocyte cultures
Authors: Holden Henry E. , Crider Paula A. , Wahrenburg Margitta G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPublished reports have suggested the possible association of mutagenic or teratogenic properties of some benzimidazole analogs with induced spindle disruption and consequent mitotic arrest. Studies were conducted to explore this correlation. Seven benzimidazole analogs were evaluated in a human lymphocyte system for ability to block mitosis at metaphase. Confirming the previously reported results, four compounds, mebendazole, parbendazole, cambendazole, and fenbendazole, caused metaphase accumulation, which we found to be dose and time‐related. Minimum effective dose for mebendazole and cambendazole was 10 μg/ml; for parbendazole, 1 μg/ml; and for fenbendazole, 100 μ/ml. The drug‐induced mitotic arrest is qualitatively and quantitatively similar to that produced by colcemid. No activity was observed with three other compounds, benzimidazole, thiabendazole, and oxfendazole when tested at 100 μg/ml. Presence or absence of mitotic effects is correlated with reported teratogenicity with five out of the seven analogs. This suggests some utility of mitotic assessments for predicting teratogenicity.
In vitro induction of segregational errors of chromosomes by natural cannabinoids in normal human lymphocytes
Authors: Henrich Richard T. , Nogawa Takayuki , Morishima Akira 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIt has been shown that segregational errors (SE) of chromosomes can be induced by olivetol and several halogenated inhalation anesthetics. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of natural cannabinoids — including delta‐9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabinol (CBN), and cannabidiol (CBD) — on chromosome segregation.Lymphocytes obtained from healthy adult males were incubated with various concentrations of natural cannabinoids for 72 hours. Anaphase preparations were made from these cultures. A statistically significant increase in the incidence of SE of chromosomes was observed in the lymphocytes exposed to THC at a concentration of 3.2 × 10−6 M, but not to CBN or CBD. A greater incidence of bridge formations, anaphase lags, micronuclei, and unequal segregations in bipolar divisions and multipolar divisions were observed in THC‐treated lymphocytes, compared with the controls. However, only anaphase lags and unequal segregations in bipolar divisions reached statistically significant levels. It appears that THC affects the formation of microtubules and spindles and may be considered as a mitotic poison. The value of examining SE as a part of cytogenetic studies on chemical mutagens is emphasized. A description of a classification system of SE developed in our laboratory is also presented. This system can be applied to studies using both normal human lymphocyte cultures and lymphoid cell lines.
Induction of chromosome shattering and micronuclei by ultraviolet light and caffeine. I. Temporal relationship and antagonistic effects of the four deoxyribonucleosides
Authors: Cremer C. , Cremer T. , Simickova M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIt is known that nucleosides may have antimutagenic and anticlastogenic effects. Here, we have investigated the influence of nucleosides on the induction of shattered chromosomes (fragmentation and/or pulverization of chromosomes of a mitotic cell) and of micronuclei by ultraviolet (UV) light and caffeine. Asynchronous cell cultures of a V79 subline of the Chinese hamster were irradiated at wavelength 254 nm using fluences up to 5.2 joules/m2. Following irradiation, the cells were postincubated either with 1.0 mM or 2.0 mM caffeine alone or with caffeine plus the four deoxyribonucleosides (dXs) (concentration 0.1 mM each). After different incubation times (three to 24 hours), chromosome preparations were performed. In other experiments, synchronized cells were used. The percentage of metaphase spreads with shattered chromosomes and the percentage of cells with micronuclei were determined. Post‐treatment with caffeine alone resulted in shattered chromosomes in a high percentage of cells at the first post‐irradiation mitosis as described previously. Formation of cells with micronuclei was observed only after the appearance of mitotic cells with shattered chromosomes, the maximum percentage of cells with micronuclei being smaller than the maximum percentage of cells with shattered chromosomes. The strong potentiating effect of UV‐ light plus caffeine was significantly reduced, however, if the post‐treatment was performed with caffeine plus nucleosides. A significant reduction was also observed in the percentage of micronuclei. An evaluation of the mitotic indices and of cell‐cycle parameters indicates that the effect of nucleosides was not due to enhanced interphase death.
Absence of arsenite mutagenicity in E coli and chinese hamster cells
Authors: Rossman T. G. , Stone D. , Molina M. , Troll W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBecause exposure to compounds of arsenic has been implicated as a cause of cancer, an investigation of the mutagenicity of sodium aresenite in E coli and in Chinese hamster cells was performed. In the E coli system, Trp revertants were not induced by arsenite in a variety of experimental protocols including spot tests, treat and plate protocols, and fluctuation tests. The mutator effect of a tif‐1 strain was partially blocked by arsenite. Arsenite did not cause the induction of λ prophage. In Chinese hamster cells, arsenite did not induce ouabain‐resistant mutants or thioguanine‐resistant mutants. We conclude that arsenite is not mutagenic to E coli or to Chinese hamster cells. When added to the plating medium, arsenite can act as an anti‐mutagen by inhibition of induction of the error‐prone SOS repair system in E coli.
Use of hydroxyurea in the measurement of DNA repair by the BND cellulose method
Authors: Irwin James , Strauss Bernard 
Published: February 2007

AbstractHydroxyurea inhibition is a convenient method of suppressing replicative DNA synthesis for DNA excision‐repair measurement by the BND cellulose technique. Nonetheless, hydroxyurea can introduce artefacts by direct reaction with repair‐inducing compounds and by long‐term inhibition of the overall repair process. A simple technique of overcoming these problems is described. Cells are reacted with repair‐inducing compounds in the absence of hydroxyurea, the cells are washed free of inducer, hydroxyurea is added to 2 mM, and after a short period to establish replication inhibition, 3H dThd is added and repair measured over a one‐hour incubation period.
Mutagenicity tests of fabric‐finishing agents in salmonella typhimurium: Fiber‐reactive wool dyes and cotton flame retardants
Authors: MacGregor James T. , Diamond Martin J. , Mazzeno Laurence W. , Friedman Mendel 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThirty‐nine fabric‐finishing agents were tested for mutagenic activity in Salmonella typhimurium. Twenty‐four fiber‐reactive wool dyes and three acid dyes (not fiber‐reactive) were screened by spot tests in strains TA100, TA98, TA1535, and TA1537. Among these dyes, seven bromoacrylamide dyes and one vinyl sulfone dye were mutagenic. Additionally, one of the three acid dyes was mutagenic in spot tests. The mutagenicity of the acid dye was due to an impurity or breakdown product rather than to the dye itself; the origin of the activities of the other dyes is unknown. No mutagenicity was observed among five chlorotriazine or four sulfonyl‐ethane sulfonic acid dyes. Eight phosphorus‐containing flame retardants (phosphonium, phosphine, phosphine oxide, and phosphonic acid derivatives) and methyl‐N‐methylolcarbamate, which is employed to obtain a flame‐retardant finish on cotton, were tested for mutagenicity in strains TA100, TA98, TA1535, and TA1537, using quantitative incorporation assays. All were nonmutagenic. Two of three bromoalkyl‐substituted triazine flame retardants were mutagenic in strains TA100 and TA1535. It is unknown whether this activity is due to impurities or to the parent compound. The flame retardants tested were either in actual commercial use or in experimental development for potential commercial processes. These results indicate the need for early testing of potential fabric‐finishing agents and processes.