bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Allelic variants in HTR3C show association with autism
Authors: Rehnström Karola , Ylisaukko‐oja Tero , Nummela Ilona , Ellonen Pekka , Kempas Elli , Vanhala Raija , von Wendt Lennart , Järvelä Irma , Peltonen Leena 
Published: November 2008

AbstractAutism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are severe neurodevelopmental disorders with a strong genetic component. Only a few predisposing genes have been identified so far. We have previously performed a genome‐wide linkage screen for ASDs in Finnish families where the most significant linkage peak was identified at 3q25‐27. Here, 11 positional and functionally relevant candidate genes at 3q25‐27 were tested for association with autistic disorder. Genotypes of 125 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were determined in 97 families with at least one individual affected with autistic disorder. The most significant association was observed using two non‐synonymous SNPs in HTR3C, rs6766410 and rs6807362, both resulting in P = 0.0012 in family‐based association analysis. In addition, the haplotype C‐C corresponding to amino acids N163‐A405 was overtransmitted to affected individuals (P = 0.006). Sequencing revealed no other variants in the coding region or splice sites of HTR3C. Based on the association analysis results in a previously identified linkage region, we propose that HTR3C represents a novel candidate locus for ASDs and should be tested in other populations. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
No association between two polymorphisms of the serotonin transporter gene and combined type attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Xu X. , Duman E.A. , Anney R. , Brookes K. , Franke B. , Zhou K. , Buschgens C. , Chen W. , Christiansen H. , Eisenberg J. , Gabriëls I. , Manor I. , Marco R. , Müller U.C. , Mulligan A. , Rommelse N. , Thompson M. , Uebel H. , Banaschewski T. , Buitelaar J. , Ebstein R. , Gill M. , Miranda A. , Mulas F. , Oades R.D. , Roeyers H. , Rothenberger A. , Sergeant J. , Sonuga‐Barke E. , Steinhausen H.‐C. , Taylor E. , Faraone S.V. , Asherson P. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThe article to which this erratum refers was published in Am J Med Genet Part B (2008) 147B: 1306–1309. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis, Antiplatelet and Vasorelaxing Activities of Xanthone Derivatives
Authors: Lin Kai‐Wei , Fang Song‐Chwan , Hung Chi‐Feng , Shieh Bor‐Jinn , Yang Shyh‐Chyun , Teng Che‐Ming , Lin Chun‐Nan 
Published: November 2008

AbstractA series of ω‐aminoalkoxylxanthones was synthesized and tested in vitro for their ability to inhibit platelet aggregation and cause vasorelaxing action. Compounds 4, 5, 12, 17, and 18 showed significant antiplatelet effects on thrombin‐, arachidonic acid (AA)‐, collagen‐, and platelet activating factor (PAF)‐induced washed rabbit platelet aggregation and exhibited inhibition of primary and secondary aggregation induced by adenosine‐5'‐diphosphate (ADP) in human platelet‐rich‐plasma (PRP). Compounds 4, 17, and 18 revealed vasorelaxing activities in rat thoracic aorta. We concluded that these compounds may be developed as new antithrombotic agents.
Synthesis and Anticonvulsant Activity of NewN‐(Alkyl/Sub‐stituted aryl)‐N′‐[4‐(5‐cyclohexylamino)‐1,3,4‐thiadiazole‐2‐yl)phenyl]thioureas
Authors: Karakus Sevgi , Koçyığıt‐Kaymakcioğlu Bedia , Toklu Hale Z. , Aricioglu Feyza , Rollas Sevim 
Published: November 2008

AbstractA series of novel thiourea derivatives carrying the 5‐cylohexylamino‐1,3,4‐thiadiazole moiety was synthesized and their anticonvulsant activity was evaluated. Structures of the synthesized compounds have been confirmed by IR,1H‐NMR, and elemental analysis. All of the compounds were administered at a dose of 50 mg/kg. Some of the active compounds have different effects in pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) and maximal electroshock (MES) tests, indicating the therapeutical potential in petit mal seizures, but not in grand mal seizures. Compounds10,11,13, and14carrying 2‐methylphenyl, 4‐chlorophenyl, allyl, and 4‐methylphenyl on the thiourea pharmacophore, increased the survival rate in the PTZ model. The ED50values of the active compounds10,11,13, and14were found 68.42, 43.75, 18.75 and 25 mg/kg, respectively.
Health care costs and costs associated with changes in work productivity among persons with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Panopalis Pantelis , Yazdany Jinoos , Gillis Joann Zell , Julian Laura , Trupin Laura , Hersh Aimee O. , Criswell Lindsey A. , Katz Patricia , Yelin Edward 
Published: November 2008

AbstractObjectiveTo estimate health care costs and costs associated with changes in work productivity among persons with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in the US.MethodsData were derived from the University of California, San Francisco Lupus Outcomes Study. Participants provided information on their health care resource use and employment. Cost estimates were derived for both direct health care costs and costs related to changes in work productivity. Direct health care costs included costs for hospitalizations, emergency department services, physician visits, outpatient surgical procedures, dialysis, and medications. Productivity costs were estimated by measuring changes in hours of work productivity since diagnosis of SLE; these estimates were also compared with normal US population data.ResultsFor the total population of participants, the mean annual direct cost was $12,643 (2004 US dollars). The mean annual productivity cost for subjects of employment age (≥18 and <65 years) was $8,659. The mean annual total cost (direct and productivity) for subjects of employment age was $20,924. Regression results showed that greater disease activity, longer disease duration, and worse physical and mental health were significant predictors of higher direct costs; older age predicted lower direct costs. Older age, greater disease activity, and worse physical and mental health status were significant predictors of higher costs due to changes in work productivity.ConclusionBoth direct health care costs and costs associated with changes in work productivity are substantial and both represent important contributors to the total costs associated with SLE.
Employment and health status changes among women with fibromyalgia: A five‐year study
Authors: Reisine Susan , Fifield Judith , Walsh Stephen , Forrest Deborah Dauser 
Published: November 2008

AbstractObjectiveTo assess changes in health status of women with fibromyalgia (FM) over 5 years and determine whether baseline employment status influences health outcomes adjusting for other baseline factors.MethodsTwo hundred eighty‐seven women with FM were recruited from a national sample of rheumatologists and interviewed by phone at baseline and annually for 4 years. Data were collected on pain, fatigue, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale and Modified Health Assessment Questionnaire (M‐HAQ) scores, demographic characteristics, and employment status. At the end of the study, 211 participants remained. Data were analyzed using multilevel modeling techniques. Bootstrap methods adjusted for the cluster sampling.ResultsThe participants' mean ± SD age was 47 ± 11 years, their mean ± SD education level was 14 ± 2 years, 90% were white, 50% employed, 64% married, and their median household income was ≥$50,000. Mean ± SD scores at baseline were 57.2 ± 24 for pain, 75.4 ± 22 for fatigue, 22.9 ± 13 for depression, and 0.73 ± 0.5 for the M‐HAQ. Multilevel modeling indicated that all health status measures declined significantly over time except for pain. Rates of change varied from −1.22 for fatigue to −0.03 for the M‐HAQ. Except for pain, patients who were employed at baseline had better health status over time. The employment and time interaction was not significant, indicating that health status changed at the same rate regardless of employment status. Other significant factors were age and income.ConclusionEmployed women with FM have better health status at baseline and maintain that advantage over time. Employment does not seem to provide a protective health benefit.
Role of psychiatric comorbidity in chronic Lyme disease
Authors: Hassett Afton L. , Radvanski Diane C. , Buyske Steven , Savage Shantal V. , Gara Michael , Escobar Javier I. , Sigal Leonard H. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the prevalence and role of psychiatric comorbidity and other psychological factors in patients with chronic Lyme disease (CLD).MethodsWe assessed 159 patients drawn from a cohort of 240 patients evaluated at an academic Lyme disease referral center. Patients were screened for common axis I psychiatric disorders (e.g., depressive and anxiety disorders); structured clinical interviews confirmed diagnoses. Axis II personality disorders, functional status, and traits like negative and positive affect and pain catastrophizing were also evaluated. A physician blind to psychiatric assessment results performed a medical evaluation. Two groups of CLD patients (those with post–Lyme disease syndrome and those with medically unexplained symptoms attributed to Lyme disease but without Borrelia burgdorferi infection) were compared with 2 groups of patients without CLD (patients recovered from Lyme disease and those with an identifiable medical condition explaining symptoms attributed to Lyme disease).ResultsAfter adjusting for age and sex, axis I psychiatric disorders were more common in CLD patients than in comparison patients (P = 0.02, odds ratio 2.64, 95% confidence interval 1.30–5.35), but personality disorders were not. Patients with CLD had higher negative affect, lower positive affect, and a greater tendency to catastrophize pain (P < 0.001) than comparison patients. All psychological factors except personality disorders were related to level of functioning. A predictive model based on these psychological variables was confirmed. Fibromyalgia was diagnosed in 46.8% of CLD patients.ConclusionPsychiatric comorbidity and other psychological factors distinguished CLD patients from other patients commonly seen in Lyme disease referral centers, and were related to poor functional outcomes.
Variance Component Estimation for Mixed Model Analysis of cDNA Microarray Data
Authors: Sarholz Barbara , Piepho Hans‐Peter 
Published: November 2008

AbstractMicroarrays provide a valuable tool for the quantification of gene expression. Usually, however, there is a limited number of replicates leading to unsatisfying variance estimates in a gene‐wise mixed model analysis. As thousands of genes are available, it is desirable to combine information across genes. When more than two tissue types or treatments are to be compared it might be advisable to consider the array effect as random. Then information between arrays may be recovered, which can increase accuracy in estimation. We propose a method of variance component estimation across genes for a linear mixed model with two random effects. The method may be extended to models with more than two random effects. We assume that the variance components follow a log‐normal distribution. Assuming that the sums of squares from the gene‐wise analysis, given the true variance components, follow a scaled χ2‐distribution, we adopt an empirical Bayes approach. The variance components are estimated by the expectation of their posterior distribution. The new method is evaluated in a simulation study. Differentially expressed genes are more likely to be detected by tests based on these variance estimates than by tests based on gene‐wise variance estimates. This effect is most visible in studies with small array numbers. Analyzing a real data set on maize endosperm the method is shown to work well. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Mechanisms of resistance to oxidative stress in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Sagara Yutaka , Tan Shirlee , Maher Pamela , Schubert David 
Published: November 2008

AbstractIt is likely that amyloid β‐protein (Aβ) mediates nerve cell death in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Some nerve cell populations, however, remain undamaged in AD brain. To understand the biochemical basis for resistance to Aβ toxicity, a series of cell lines were isolated which are resistant to Aβ toxicity. It is shown that a major component of the resistance mechanism is the transcriptional elevation of two H2O2 degrading enzymes, glutathione peroxidase and catalase. These data support other evidence for the role of oxidative damage in Aβ toxicity, and suggest strategies for clinical approaches to the disease.
Cytotoxicity of paraquat in freshly isolated rat hepatocytes: effects of L‐carnitine
Authors: García‐Rubio L. , García‐Abad A. M. , Soler F. , Míguez M. P. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThe effects of L‐carnitine, a mitochondrial carrier of fatty acids, on paraquat (PQ) cytotoxicity in freshly isolated rat hepatocytes were studied. Addition of PQ (10 mM) to hepatocytes resulted in a time‐dependent depletion of intracellular glutathione (GSH) accompanied by an increase in accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the incubation medium which preceeded to a loss of cell viability. Pretreatment of hepatocytes with L‐carnitine (50 mM) alone did not affect cell viability or intracellular levels of GSH, or accumulation of MDA in the medium during the incubation period; however, pretreatment with L‐carnitine 30 min prior to PQ addition did promote the depletion of intracellular GSH and MDA accumulation induced by PQ, and ultimately enhanced the cytotoxicity of PQ.
Accentuation of paraquat‐induced toxicity by L‐carnitine in mice
Authors: Míguez M. P. , Soler F. , García‐Rubio L. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThe effects of L‐carnitine on toxicity induced by paraquat (PQ) in mice were investigated. L‐carnitine pretreatment surprisingly promoted the toxicity of PQ in a dose‐dependent manner shortening the survival time. The maximum effect occurred when L‐carnitine, at a dose of 16 mmol/kg, was intraperitoneally administered 30 min before an intraperitoneal injection of PQ (75 mg/kg). Lipid peroxidation in lung significantly increased 6 h after PQ administration. L‐carnitine accelerated this effect since L‐carnitine‐pretreated mice already showed a significant increase of lung malondialdehyde 1 h after PQ administration. In liver, PQ administration did not produce lipid peroxidation; nevertheless L‐carnitine‐pretreated mice showed a significant increase of malondialdehyde 6 h after PQ administration. Lung and liver glutathione decreased in mice receiving only PQ but this effect was not significantly changed by L‐carnitine pretreatment. These results indicate that L‐carnitine accelerates PQ‐induced mortality rate by facilitating lipid peroxidation.
Influence of dietary lipids on lipoprotein composition and LDL Cu2+‐induced oxidation in rabbits with experimental atherosclerosis
Authors: Ramírez‐Tortosa M. C. , Aguilera C. M. , Quiles J. L. , Gil A. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the composition of plasma lipoproteins and their susceptibility to oxidation in rabbits with experimental atherosclerosis provoked by the intake of a diet rich in cholesterol and saturated fat as well as the influence of the intake of four diets differing in their lipid profiles (fish (F), refined olive (R), virgin olive (V) and sunflower (S) oils) on plasma lipoprotein composition and suceptibility to oxidation of these atherosclerotic rabbits. Plasma and lipoproteins concentrations of cholesterol, phospholipids and triglycerides were markedly higher in atherosclerotic rabbits but decreased with the experimental diets. LDL oxidation damage increased in atherosclerotic rabbits; the F diet led to a higher LDL oxidation susceptibility, whereas groups fed either S, R, or V showed LDL oxidation values close to those of the control group. Diets rich in monounsaturated and n‐3 polyunsaturated oils showed the same efficacy in restoring the normal lipid profiles in atherosclerotic rabbits provided the fish oil is adequately stabilized with antioxidants.
Role of cysteine and glutathione in signal transduction, immunopathology and cachexia
Authors: Dröge W. , Hack V. , Breitkreutz R. , Holm E. , Shubinsky G. , Schmid E. , Galter D. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractAbnormally low plasma cystine levels have been found in the late asymptomatic stage of HIV infection and several other diseases associated with progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass. The phenomenon is commonly associated with a low NK cell activity, skeletal muscle wasting or muscle fatigue and increased rates of urea production. In its extreme form, the negative nitrogen balance leads to overt cachexia and is associated with severe debilitation and psychological stress. The low NK cell activity is in most cases not life‐threatening but may be disasterous in HIV infection, because it may compromise the initially stable balance between immune system and virus and trigger disease progression. This review summarizes briefly (i) the role of cysteine in the physiological regulation of body cell mass and the development of skeletal muscle wasting, and (ii) the role of glutathione in the immune system.
Lipid peroxidation and antioxidants in erythrocyte membranes of full term and preterm newborns
Authors: Huertas J. R. , Palomino N. , Ochoa J. J. , Quiles J. L. , Ramírez‐Tortosa M. C. , Battino M. , Robles R. , Mataix J. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThe most probable factor connecting premature infant problems such as retinopathy, intraventricular hemorrhage and chronic lung disease appears to be the excessive production of oxygen free radicals which can occur as a consequence of oxygen therapy. The aim of our investigation was to elucidate the possible correlations between lipid peroxidation, in this study measured as hydroperoxides production, and antioxidant concentrations in erythrocyte membranes of both full term and preterm infants. Hydroperoxide concentrations were found to be high, especially in premature infants, in erythrocyte membranes at birth and in the initial days of life. The erythrocyte membranes were also found to contain low levels and/or low activites of antioxidant defense mechanisms which was more evident in premature newborns where α‐tochopherol levels were significantly lower in comparison to full term infant levels. Furthermore, when premature infants undergo oxygen therapy these effects were exacerbated. These results demostrate that at birth, particulary in the premature newborn, the degree of oxidative stress outweighs the antioxidant defense mechanisms.
Randomized clinical trial of enteral yeast‐selenium supplementation in preterm infants
Authors: Bogye Gábor , Alfthan Georg , Machay Tamás 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThere are no data in the literature on effects of supplementing infants with yeast‐selenium. We therefore studied the impact of selenium‐enriched yeast on the serum selenium concentration of preterm infants living in a selenium‐low area (Hungary). Twenty‐eight preterm infants with a mean ± SD birthweight of 962 ± 129 g and a gestational age of 27 ± 1 weeks were randomized into two groups at birth with respect to selenium supplementation. In the supplemented group (n=14) infants received 4.8 mg yeast containing 5 μg selenium daily with naso‐gastric drip during the first 14 postnatal days. The nonsupplemented infants were used as a reference group. In the supplemented group the serum selenium concentration increased from 32.1 ± 8.5 μg/l to 41.5 ± 6.5 μg/l and in the nonsupplemented group it decreased from 25.9 ± 6.8 μg/l to 18.2 ± 6.4 μg/l within two weeks. The serum glutathione peroxidase activity increased from 2.97 ± 0.73 U/20 μl to 6.42 ± 3.11 U/20 μl in the supplemented group, and it did not change significantly (from 3.53 ± 0.94 U/20 μl to 3.85 ± 0.95 U/20 μl) in the nonsupplemented group. We did not observe any complications or side effects in connection with enteral yeast‐selenium supplementation. It is concluded that selenium‐enriched yeast is a safe and an effective form of short term enteral selenium supplementation for preterm infants.
Enhanced oxidative damage in cystic fibrosis patients
Authors: Domínguez C. , Gartner S. , Liñán S. , Cobos N. , Moreno A. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractAntioxidant depletion and increased free radical production by inflammatory cells have been described in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. To evaluate oxidative damage intensity, we measured plasma concentrations of malondialdehyde, hydroperoxides and protein carbonyl groups as markers of oxidative injury to lipids and proteins in a group of 101 CF patients free of acute exacerbation, and in 43–112 controls. Moreover, we estimated antioxidant function by measuring activities of erythrocyte superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase and vitamin E concentrations. In CF patients, malondialdehyde and hydroperoxide plasma levels were significantly higher than in controls (p < 0.001). Increased lipid peroxidation was documented by these two markers. Parallel rises in protein carbonyls in plasma of CF patients were observed (p < 0.0001). These patients presented biochemical but not clinical vitamin E deficiency. Glutathione reductase and superoxide dismutase activities were significantly higher than in controls. These results show a serious imbalance in CF patients between oxidant—antioxidant status leading to oxidative stress.
Oxidative stress in β‐thalassemia: hemoglobin α‐chains activate peroxidation of low density lipoproteins
Authors: Altamentova Svetlana M. , Shaklai Nurith 
Published: November 2008

AbstractUnder oxidative stress normal hemoglobin (HbA) can trigger oxidation of low density lipoproteins (LDL) in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. Hb variants like isolated HbA chains possess higher peroxidative reactivity than the normal tetramer HbA. Because isolated Hb chains undergo fast autoxidation, a process yielding peroxidants, we studied the relative peroxidative activity of α‐ and β‐chains as well as of HbA without additional peroxidant. The descending order of relative oxidation of LDL protein ApoB (assessed by its crosslinking) and lipids (determined as formation of conjungated diens) was: α‐chains > β‐chains > HbA. The results of our study indicate that extracellular chains may be the trigger of lipoproteins alterations observed in β‐thalassemia.