bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
LYMPH NODE ANTI‐TUMOUR EFFECTOR CELL MECHANISMS IN COLORECTAL CARCINOMA
Authors: Werkmeister JA , Pihl E , Flannery GR 
Published: November 2007

SummaryEighty lymph nodes from 61 cases of colorectal carcinoma were studied by in vitro microcytotoxicity assay. It was found that 25 nodes (31%) from 22 of these cases (36%) contained lymphoid cells which were cytotoxic against autologous carcinoma cells in vitro. Lymph node cells (LNC) were not cytotoxic against 51Cr chicken red blood cells (CRBC). This assay was used as an indicator of natural killer cell (NK) activity. Comparably, normal control peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) were cytotoxic against CRBC but not against colonic target cells obtained from surgical biopsy specimens. Fc receptor‐bearing cells, monitored by cytotoxicity against antibody‐coated CRBC, were detected in 50 and 60% of cytotoxic and non‐cytotoxic LNC populations. The varying effects of E‐ and EAC‐rosette fractionation and iron filing treatment of effector cells indicate that regional LNC cytotoxicity in colorectal carcinoma is a complex phenomenon, which, however, is predominantly a function of E‐rosetting lymphocytes. Lymphocytes obtained from all regional nodes were capable of responding to phytohaemagglutinin (PHA). The relative proportion of T lymphocytes (E‐rosetting cells) was significantly higher in those lymph node suspensions which were cytotoxic against colon carcinoma cells.
Magnetic resonance imaging measurement of left ventricular blood flow and coronary flow reserve in patients with chronic heart failure due to coronary artery disease
Authors: Aras A. , Anik Y. , Demirci A. , Balci N. C. , Kozdag G. , Ural D. , Komsuoglu B. 
Published: November 2007

Background: Coronary sinus flow reflects global cardiac perfusion and has been used for the assessment of myocardial flow reserve, which is reduced in chronic heart failure (CHF). Coronary flow reserve (CFR) can be measured by using phase-contrast (PC) velocity-encoded cine (VEC) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Purpose: To quantify and compare global left ventricular (LV) perfusion and CFR in patients with CHF and in a healthy control group by measuring coronary sinus flow with PC VEC MRI, and to correlate this with global LV perfusion, segmental first-pass perfusion, and viability in the same patients. Material and Methods: Cardiac MRI was performed in 20 patients with CHF of ischemic origin and in a control group of healthy subjects ( n = 11) at rest and after pharmacological stress induced by i.v. dipyridamole. The MRI protocol included cine MRI, VEC MRI, first-pass perfusion, and delayed contrast-enhanced MRI for viability. Global LV perfusion was quantified by measuring coronary sinus flow on VEC MRI at rest in all subjects. CFR was determined as the ratio of global LV perfusion before and after pharmacologic stress. Results: At rest, global LV perfusion was not significantly different in patients with CHF and the control group. After administration of dipyridamole, global LV perfusion and CFR were significantly lower in patients with CHF compared to the control group ( P<0.001). An inverse correlation was observed between CFR and the number of infarcted and/or ischemic segments ( P = 0.083, P = 0.037). Conclusion: A combined cardiac MRI protocol including function and perfusion techniques together with VEC MRI can be used to evaluate global LV perfusion and CFR in patients with CHF. Global LV perfusion and CFR measurements may have potential in the monitoring of CHF. Impaired CFR may contribute to progressive decline in LV function in patients with CHF.
Variations in internal iliac veins detected using multidetector computed tomography
Authors: Morita S. , Saito N. , Mitsuhashi N. 
Published: November 2007

Background: Anatomical variations of the internal iliac veins (IIV), which have the potential to cause problems during related surgery, are not uncommon and are not fully appreciated. Purpose: To determine the types and prevalence rates of anatomical variations of the IIV using multidetector computed tomography (MDCT). Material and Methods: IIV variations in 63 patients who underwent contrast-enhanced MDCT were interpreted and classified by two radiologists retrospectively. The prevalence rates (with 95% confidence intervals [CIs]) were calculated. Results: IIV variations were classified into six types: normal ( n = 45, 69.8%; 95% CI 59–81%); left IIV connecting with the left external iliac veins centrally ( n = 5, 7.9%; 95% CI 1–15%); separated trunk of the left IIV draining into the central left common iliac veins (CIV; n = 3, 4.8%; 95% CI 0–10%); right IIV draining into the central left CIV ( n = 7, 11.1%; 95% CI 3–19%); right IIV draining into the central right CIV ( n = 1, 1.6%; 95% CI 0–5%); and the bilateral IIVs connecting with each other before draining into the central left CIV ( n = 3, 4.8%; 95% CI 0–10%). Conclusion: MDCT demonstrates six types of IIV variations; the prevalence rate of IIV anomalies is not low.
Histomorphological changes after renal X-ray arteriography using iodine and gadolinium contrast media in an ischemic porcine model
Authors: Elmståhl B. , Leander P. , Grant D. , Doughty R. W. , Chai C.-M. , Björk J. , Almén T. , Nyman U. 
Published: November 2007

Background: Gadolinium contrast media (Gd-CM) are regarded as non-nephrotoxic or considerably less nephrotoxic than iodine contrast media (I-CM), and have therefore come to be used as a substitute for I-CM in patients with renal insufficiency in a variety of radiographic examinations. Purpose: To investigate renal histomorphological changes caused by Gd-CM in comparison with I-CM after renal X-ray arteriography in an ischemic porcine model, and to evaluate these changes in relation to the nephrotoxicity of the CM used. Material and Methods: Test solutions: gadopentetate, gadodiamide, iohexol, gadobutrol, iopromide, iodixanol, mannitol, and saline. The experiments were performed on 152 animals. Each pig was randomized to receive one test solution injected into the balloon-occluded (10 min) right renal artery. The kidneys were evaluated histomorphologically. The severity of histomorphological changes was graded subjectively: 1 = minimal, 2 = mild, 3 = moderate, and 4 = marked. Results: The main histological changes were 1) proximal tubular and glomerular necrosis, 2) hemorrhage/congestion of the cortex, medulla, and glomeruli, 3) proximal tubular vacuolation, and 4) protein-filled tubules in the cortex and medulla. Necrosis and hemorrhage/congestion were more frequent after injections with gadopentetate, mannitol solution iso-osmotic to gadopentetate, and gadobutrol compared to all other groups ( P<0.001). The degree of necrosis and hemorrhage/congestion was related to the degree of impairment of renal function, but inversely related to vacuolation and tubular protein filling. Conclusion: In ischemic porcine kidneys, the histomorphological changes caused by Gd-CM are similar to those caused by I-CM. Vacuolation appears to be independent of the osmolality and viscosity of the CM, and does not seem to be an indicator of renal impairment. “High-osmolal” Gd-CM are more nephrotoxic than “low- and iso-osmolal” I-CM when compared in equal volumes of concentrations, resulting in equal X-ray attenuation.
Towards sustainable exploitation of Nile perch consequential to regulated fisheries in Lake Victoria
Authors: Mkumbo Oliva C. , Nsinda P. , Ezekiel Charles N. , Cowx Ian G. , Aeron Mark 
Published: November 2007

Understanding fluctuations in the abundance and distribution of fishery resources over space and time is fundamental in order to address concerns about their sustainability and the basis for their management. Stock assessment studies were conducted on Lake Victoria from 1997 to 2001, with the aim to assess the status of the stocks, in particular of Nile perch. This paper summarises the findings for the Tanzanian part of the lake and makes reference to the Kenyan and Ugandan national waters for comparison. Both fisheries independent data from bottom trawl surveys and fisheries dependent data from catch assessment and frame surveys were used. Current exploitation levels and practices are analysed and linked to growth, mortality and reproductive characteristics of the stock. Abundance estimates and distribution patterns are discussed in relation to the exploitation levels, and key threats to the sustainability of the resources highlighted. Options are provided for a sustainable management of the Nile perch fishery.The 2000 frame survey revealed an intensive fishing effort. In addition, the Nile perch fishery was found to depend largely on juvenile fish. The size at first maturity was at 54.3 cm TL (1.6 yr) and 76.7 cm TL (2.5 yr), for males and females, respectively. Over 80% of the commercial catch was below the size at first maturity for males and 99% below that for females. Bottom trawl data (88% juveniles) suggest good recruitment to the stock, but yield per recruit modelling indicates unsustainable exploitation tendencies. The current annual yield (estimated at 138 324 ± 6 229 t) is well above the estimated sustainable level (109 000 t). It is recommended to reduce the exploitation rate by 50% and to increase the size at first capture. Co-management is considered to be the most effective option to implement monitoring, control and surveillance strategies.
Estimating parameters and hidden variables in non-linear state-space models based on ODEs for biological networks inference
Authors: Quach Minh , Brunel Nicolas , d'Alché-Buc Florence 
Published: November 2007

AbstractMotivation: Statistical inference of biological networks such as gene regulatory networks, signaling pathways and metabolic networks can contribute to build a picture of complex interactions that take place in the cell. However, biological systems considered as dynamical, non-linear and generally partially observed processes may be difficult to estimate even if the structure of interactions is given.Results: Using the same approach as Sitz et al. proposed in another context, we derive non-linear state-space models from ODEs describing biological networks. In this framework, we apply Unscented Kalman Filtering (UKF) to the estimation of both parameters and hidden variables of non-linear state-space models. We instantiate the method on a transcriptional regulatory model based on Hill kinetics and a signaling pathway model based on mass action kinetics. We successfully use synthetic data and experimental data to test our approach.Conclusion: This approach covers a large set of biological networks models and gives rise to simple and fast estimation algorithms. Moreover, the Bayesian tool used here directly provides uncertainty estimates on parameters and hidden states. Let us also emphasize that it can be coupled with structure inference methods used in Graphical Probabilistic Models.Availability: Matlab code available on demand.Contact: florence.dalche@ibisc.univ-evry.frSupplementary information: Supplementary data are available from http://amisbio.ibisc.fr/dm
Secreted proteins of Uromyces fabae: similarities and stage specificity
Authors: LINK TOBIAS I. , VOEGELE RALF T. 
Published: November 2007

SUMMARY Uromyces fabae on Vicia faba is a model system for obligate biotrophic interactions. Searching for potential effector proteins we investigated the haustorial secretome of U. fabae (biotrophic stage) and compared it with the secretome of in vitro grown infection structures, which represent the pre‐biotrophic stage. Using the yeast signal sequence trap method we identified 62 genes encoding proteins secreted from haustoria and 42 genes encoding proteins secreted from in vitro grown infection structures. Four of these genes were identical in both libraries, giving a total of 100 genes coding for secreted proteins. This finding indicates a strong stage‐specific regulation of protein secretion. Similarity with previously identified proteins was found for 39 of the sequences analysed, 28 of which showed similarity to proteins identified among members of the order Uredinales only. This might be taken as an indication for possible roles in virulence and host specificity unique to the Uredinales.
Negative genetic correlation between diapause duration and fecundity after diapause in a spider mite
Authors: ITO KATSURA 
Published: November 2007

Abstract 1. Recently, the costs of diapause, i.e. the reduction of fecundity after diapause, have been examined from an evolutionary perspective.2. The evolution of this trade‐off should be clarified by quantitative genetic approaches, as theoretical studies address the evolution of multiple traits. Nevertheless, previous studies on the costs of diapause have been based on phenotypic correlations or experimental manipulations, whereas the genetic background underlying this trade‐off remains unclear.3. In the present study, a half‐sib breeding design was used to examine the quantitative genetic relationships between diapause duration and post‐diapause fecundity in the Kanzawa spider mite Tetranychus kanzawai Kishida (Acari: Tetranychidae).4. The heritability of diapause duration, post‐diapause total fecundity, and post‐diapause early fecundity were 0.37, 0.14, and 0.11 respectively. Genetic correlations between diapause duration and post‐diapause total fecundity, and between diapause duration and early fecundity were both significantly negative (–0.70 and –0.90 respectively). These results suggest that the cost of prolonging diapause duration is genetically based, and that these life‐history traits respond to natural selection acting on them simultaneously.
Over‐wintering stage polymorphism of a bruchine beetle: geographical variation in optimal diapause strategy
Authors: KUROTA HIROYUKI , SHIMADA MASAKAZU 
Published: November 2007

Abstract 1. Most temperate insects undergo diapause at a specific developmental stage to overcome severe winters. The bruchine beetle Bruchidius dorsalis in a warmer region in Japan, however, has diverse over‐wintering stages – non‐diapausing larvae, diapausing larvae, and diapausing adults, whereas in a cooler region, it over‐winters only as the final instar larva or adult in diapause.2. The geographical pattern of over‐wintering stages in 12 populations was investigated over a wide range along the mainland of Japan. It revealed that a distinct geographical pattern of over‐wintering stages exists in relation to temperature conditions. In regions with warmer climates, the proportion of non‐diapausing larvae increased and B. dorsalis had a more complex over‐wintering stage structure.3. Life cycles were also compared between two areas of Japan by field experiments. In the cooler area, the first generation over‐wintered in the diapausing larval or adult stage. Conversely, in the warmer area, diapause was induced later and some of the first‐generation adults produced second‐generation offspring before over‐wintering.4. Based on the geographical cline of climates and the differences in cold hardiness among stages, we can demonstrate that the over‐wintering stage variation among and within populations results from an adaptive timing of diapause induction in each region, because the late larval or adult diapauses protect pupae or eggs – which unlike other stages are not cold hardy – from being produced late in the season.
Grape variety affects female but also male reproductive success in wild European grapevine moths
Authors: MOREAU J. , THIERY D. , TROUSSARD J. P. , BENREY B. 
Published: November 2007

Abstract 1. For insect herbivores the quality of the larval host plant is a key determinant of their fitness. Only little attention, however, has been given to the effects of plants on mating success of males and its consequence for the reproductive output of their mates. In addition, almost all the studies that have investigated the influence of host plants on herbivore fitness components have been done in the laboratory, and less is known of these effects in natural conditions.2. Using the phytophagous European grapevine moth (Lobesia botrana Den. & Schiff., Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), we tested the influence of grape cultivars as larval food on the probability of acquiring a mate for both sexes, and on the reproductive output of females and males.3. Results from this study stress the importance of larval host plants on the reproductive success of both sexes. Larval diet differentially affected mating success and reproductive output of male and female moths. Fecundity, egg size, and egg hatchability were significantly different when larvae were fed on particular grape cultivars.4. A given cultivar that is of poor quality for females is generally also of poor quality for males. A cultivar, however, could be suitable for females but not for males and vice‐versa. Apparently, the nutrients required for adult reproduction are not necessarily the same for males and females.5. The important conclusion from this study is that evaluating the differential effect of host‐plant species on traits associated with reproductive success of herbivores requires that the effects on both sexes be taken into account.
Toll‐like receptor and tumour necrosis factor dependent endotoxin‐induced acute lung injury
Authors: Togbe Dieudonnée , Schnyder‐Candrian Silvia , Schnyder Bruno , Doz Emilie , Noulin Nicolas , Janot Laure , Secher Thomas , Gasse Pamela , Lima Carla , Coelho Fernando Rodrigues , Vasseur Virginie , Erard François , Ryffel Bernhard , Couillin Isabelle , Moser Rene 
Published: November 2007

SummaryRecent studies on endotoxin/lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced acute inflammatory response in the lung are reviewed. The acute airway inflammatory response to inhaled endotoxin is mediated through Toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4) and CD14 signalling as mice deficient for TLR4 or CD14 are unresponsive to endotoxin. Acute bronchoconstriction, tumour necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin (IL)‐12 and keratinocyte‐derived chemokine (KC) production, protein leak and neutrophil recruitment in the lung are abrogated in mice deficient for the adaptor molecules myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) and Toll/Interleukin‐1 receptor (TIR)‐domain‐containing adaptor protein (TIRAP), but independent of TIR‐domain‐containing adaptor‐inducing interferon‐beta (TRIF). In particular, LPS‐induced TNF is required for bronchoconstriction, but dispensable for inflammatory cell recruitment. Lipopolysaccharide induces activation of the p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK). Inhibition of pulmonary MAPK activity abrogates LPS‐induced TNF production, bronchoconstriction, neutrophil recruitment into the lungs and broncho‐alveolar space. In conclusion, TLR4‐mediated, bronchoconstriction and acute inflammatory lung pathology to inhaled endotoxin are dependent on TLR4/CD14/MD2 expression using the adapter proteins TIRAP and MyD88, while TRIF, IL‐1R1 or IL‐18R signalling pathways are dispensable. Further downstream in this axis of signalling, TNF blockade reduces only acute bronchoconstriction, while MAPK inhibition abrogates completely endotoxin‐induced inflammation.
Pathology and virus dispersion in cynomolgus monkeys experimentally infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus via different inoculation routes
Authors: Nagata Noriyo , Iwata Naoko , Hasegawa Hideki , Sato Yuko , Morikawa Shigeru , Saijo Masayuki , Itamura Shigeyuki , Saito Takehiko , Ami Yasushi , Odagiri Takato , Tashiro Masato , Sata Tetsutaro 
Published: November 2007

SummarySevere acute respiratory syndrome‐associated coronavirus (SARS‐CoV) causes SARS. The pathogenic mechanisms of SARS‐CoV remain poorly understood. Six cynomolgus monkeys were inoculated with the HKU39849 isolate of SARS‐CoV via four routes. After intranasal inoculation, the virus was isolated from respiratory swabs on days 2–7 postinoculation (p.i.) and virus genome was detected in intestinal tissues on day 7 p.i. Virus was not detected after intragastric inoculation. After intravenous inoculation, infectious virus was isolated from rectal swabs, and virus antigen was detected in intestinal cells on day 14 p.i. After intratracheal (i.t.) inoculation, virus antigen‐positive alveolar cells and macrophages were found in lung and infectious virus was detected in lymphoid and intestinal tissues. The peribronchial lymph nodes showed evidence of an immune response. Lung tissue and/or fluid and/or the peribronchial lymph node of the intratracheally inoculated animals had high TNF‐α, IL‐8 and IL‐12 levels. SARS lung lesions are only generated in monkeys by i.t. inoculation. The virus appears to spread into and perhaps via the intestinal and lymphatic systems. It has been suggested previously that viraemia may cause intestinal infections in SARS patients.
Lipid composition of retailed organic, free‐range and conventional chicken breasts
Authors: Jahan Kishowar , Paterson Alistair 
Published: November 2007

SummaryLipid fractions of 20 retailed chicken breasts were correlated with production system: organic, corn‐fed, free‐range and conventional. Neutral lipid (NL), phospholipid (PL) and free fatty acids (FFA) were examined separately. Influence of production systems was found more pronounced in PL composition than NLs. Corn‐fed and free‐range NLs had higher contents of nutritionally beneficial eicosapentanoic acid (C20:5 n‐3) and docosahexanoic acid (C22:6 n‐3) than organic and conventional. Lower polyunsaturated fatty acids in organic and free‐range PLs could be beneficial for tissue stability. Principal component product space for PLs showed clear clustering related to product category. In contrast, this was not observed with FFA except in the partial least square regression product space suggesting influences on NLs and PLs and FFA. PLs had lower contents of arachidonic acid than in earlier studies. Advantages were observed in lipid fractionation using advanced sorbent extraction matrices.
Garlic extract plus sodium metabisulphite enhances shelf life of ripe banana fruit
Authors: Sanwal Girdhay G. , Payasi Anurag 
Published: November 2007

SummaryRipe banana fruits were subjected to dip treatment for 4 h using chemicals, plant extracts or their combinations, and shelf life of treated fruits stored at room temperature was monitored by assaying fruit firmness. The treatment of fruit with 1% garlic clove extract or 10% onion bulb extract and adjusting the pH to 4.5 extended the shelf life by 4–5 days when compared with untreated fruit. Treatment with a combination of 1% garlic extract and 1 mm sodium metabisulphite and adjusting the pH to 4.5 prolonged the shelf life of ripe banana to 13–14 days when compared with 6–7 days for the untreated fruit. The treatment delayed the fruit softening by diminishing the rate of starch and pectin degradation. The rate of increase in β‐amylase and polygalacturonase activities along with softness was also retarded in treated fruits when compared with control fruits.
Effect of pre‐freezing and solutes on mass transfer during osmotic dehydration and colour of oven‐dried African star apple during storage
Authors: Falade Kolawole O. , Adelakun Temilade A. 
Published: November 2007

SummaryThe effects of freezing, solutes (glucose and sucrose) and concentrations (44, 52 and 60 °Bx) on water loss and solid gain during osmotic dehydration and on CIE colour parameters, colour intensity (ΔE) and chroma (ΔC), of osmo‐oven‐dried African star apple pulp during storage were investigated. Water loss and solid gain were higher in fruits immersed in glucose solutions than in sucrose solutions. Freeze‐thawed fruits recorded a rapid increase in water loss and solid gain within 30 min of immersion when compared with the fresh African star apple that showed higher water loss after 2–3 h of immersion. Generally, L* value increased in the osmo‐air‐dried African star apple preosmosed in glucose and sucrose solution while a* and b* values decreased during storage. Higher colour intensity and chroma values were recorded in air‐dried African Star apple preosmosed in glucose solution than in sucrose solution.