bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Are risk‐averse agents more optimistic? A Bayesian estimation approach
Authors: Ben Mansour Selima , Jouini Elyès , Marin Jean‐Michel , Napp Clotilde , Robert Christian 
Published: September 2008

AbstractOur aim is to analyze the link between optimism and risk aversion in a subjective expected utility setting and to estimate the average level of optimism when weighted by risk tolerance. Its estimation leads to a non‐trivial statistical problem. We start from a large lottery survey (1536 individuals). We assume that individuals have true unobservable characteristics. We adopt a Bayesian approach and use a hybrid MCMC approximation method to numerically estimate the distributions of the unobservable characteristics. We find that individuals are on average pessimistic and that pessimism and risk tolerance are positively correlated. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
p53 codon 72 proline/arginine polymorphism and autoimmune thyroid diseases
Authors: Chen Rong‐Hsing , Chang Chwen‐Tzuei , Wang Tzu‐Yuan , Huang Wen‐Liang , Tsai Chang‐Hai , Tsai Fuu‐Jen 
Published: September 2008

Abstractp53 protein participates in the processes of apoptosis, which is involved in a number of immunological reactions. In order to test whether the p53 gene could be used as a genetic marker for the prediction of the development of autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD), we screened, by using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis, for the C (CC_C)/G (CG_C) polymorphism at the p53 codon 72 (Pro 72/Arg 72) to determine the genotypes of 107 Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) and 90 Graves' disease (GD) patients, and 105 normal controls. The data demonstrated that, for the genotype analysis, HT patients featured an enhanced numerical ratio for the Arg/Arg homozygous genotype (33.7%) and a diminished ratio for the Arg/Pro heterozygous genotype (41.1%) at the p53 codon 72 than was the case for normal controls (Arg/Arg: 17.1% and Arg/Pro: 61.9%; P=0.005). The odds ratio for the risk of the Arg/Arg genotype's appearance, compared with that of the Arg/Pro and Pro/Pro genotypes combined, for the HT patient group was 2.450 (95% confidence interval: 1.274–4.716). With respect to allelic analysis, we did not observe significant difference in the frequency of appearance of the Arg allelic variant and the Pro allelic variant for the p53 codon 72 when comparing the HT patient group with the control group (P=0.208). On the other hand, GD patients presented no significant difference in distribution for both genotype and allelic frequencies (P=0.344 and 0.245, respectively) when compared with normal controls. In conclusion, HT patients feature a greater ratio of arginine homozygosity at p53 codon 72 than in the case for normal subjects. The p53 codon 72 proline/arginine polymorphism may be a genetic marker to predict the increased susceptibility of development of HT. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 22:321–326, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Neurotrophin‐3 stimulates neurogenetic proliferation via the extracellular signal‐regulated kinase pathway
Authors: Ohtsuka Masanari , Fukumitsu Hidefumi , Furukawa Shoei 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe effects of neurotrophin‐3 (NT3) administered into the ventricular space of 13.5‐day‐old mouse embryos on neurogenesis in the developing cerebral cortex were examined. 5‐Bromo‐2′‐deoxyuridine (BrdU) was injected into pregnant mice 3 hr after the NT3 administration to label the neural progenitor cells. NT3 increased the number of BrdU‐positive cells without altering their distribution. The increment in BrdU‐positive cells 24 hr after the BrdU injection was attributed to Pax6‐/BrdU‐positive cells (neural stem cells), which was followed by a significant elevation of the number of Tuj1‐/BrdU‐positive cells (neurons) 36 or 48 hr after the BrdU injection, suggesting that NT3 facilitated neurogenesis by acting in two sequential steps, i.e., causing proliferation of neural stem cells and generation of neurons from these progenitors. NT3 stimulated phosphorylation of extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 and ERK5 in the cortical progenitors, and the effects of NT3 on the increase in total BrdU‐positive cells and Pax6‐/BrdU‐positive cells were diminished by an MEK inhibitor, suggesting the involvement of MEK‐mediated ERK signal transduction in the NT3 actions. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Vascular endothelial growth factor acutely reduces calcium influx via inhibition of the Ca2+ channels in rat hippocampal neurons
Authors: Ma Yuan‐Yuan , Li Ke‐Yong , Wang Ji‐Jiang , Huang Ya‐Lin , Huang Ying , Sun Feng‐Yan 
Published: September 2008

AbstractVascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) protects neurons against ischemic injury. An overload of intracellular calcium ions (Ca2+) caused by the excessive release of glutamate is widely considered to be one of the molecular mechanisms of ischemic neuronal death. In the present study, we investigated whether VEGF could modulate the activity of Ca2+ channels on the neuronal membrane. We used the Fluo‐3 image method assisted by confocal laser scan microscopy to detect any Ca2+ influx in primary cultured hippocampal neurons. Whole‐cell patch‐clamp techniques were used to record the activity of the high‐voltage‐activated (HVA) Ca2+ currents in the CA1 pyramidal neurons of hippocampal slices that were freshly prepared from neonatal brains of rats. The results obtained from the Fluo‐3 image experiments showed that VEGF pretreatment of cultured neurons at a final concentration of 50, 100, or 200 ng/ml acutely and dose dependently attenuated the Ca2+ influx induced by application of KCl (60 mM) or glutamate (50 μM). This effect was blocked by SU1498, an antagonist of Flk‐1 VEGF receptor. The influx of Ca2+ returned to basal levels after removal of VEGF. Furthermore, electrophysiological recording data showed that VEGF could acutely reduce the amplitudes of the HVA Ca2+ currents in a dose‐ and voltage‐dependent manner. The HVA Ca2+ currents also returned to the levels of the control after removal of VEGF from the system. Taken together, the results obtained from the present study demonstrated that VEGF specifically reduced the influx of Ca2+ via the inhibitory activity of the HVA Ca2+ channels in hippocampal neurons. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Silencing of choline acetyltransferase expression by lentivirus‐mediated RNA interference in cultured cells and in the adult rodent brain
Authors: Santamaria Julie , Khalfallah Olfa , Sauty Claire , Brunet Isabelle , Sibieude Mathieu , Mallet Jacques , Berrard Sylvie , Lecomte Marie‐José 
Published: September 2008

AbstractRNA interference (RNAi) is a potent mechanism for local silencing of gene expression and can be used to study loss‐of‐function phenotypes in mammalian cells. We used RNAi to knockdown specifically the expression of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), the enzyme of acetylcholine biosynthesis, both in cultured cells and in the adult brain. We first identified a 19‐nucleotide sequence in the coding region of rat and mouse ChAT transcripts that constitutes a target for potent silencing of ChAT expression by RNAi. We generated a lentiviral vector that produces both a small hairpin RNA (shRNA) targeting ChAT mRNAs and the enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) reporter protein to facilitate identification of transduced cells. In the cholinergic cell line NG108‐15, there was at least 90% less of the ChAT protein, as measured by assaying its enzymatic activity, 3 days postinfection with this vector than in cells infected with a control vector. The vector was used to transduce cholinergic neurons in vivo and reduced ChAT expression strongly and specifically in the cholinergic neurons of the medial septum in adult rats, without affecting the expression of the vesicular acetylcholine transporter. This lentiviral vector is thus a powerful tool for specific inactivation of cholinergic neurotransmission and can therefore be used to study the role of cholinergic nuclei in the brain. This lentiviral‐mediated RNAi approach will also allow the development of new animal models of diseases in which cholinergic neurotransmission is specifically altered. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
DFT simulations and Vibrational spectra of 4‐chloro and 4‐bromophenylboronic acid molecules
Authors: Kurt M. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe experimental and theoretical vibrational spectra of 4‐chloro‐ and 4‐bromophenylboronic acids (abbreviated as 4Clpba and 4Brpba) were studied. The Fourier transform Raman and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra of 4Clpba and 4Brpba molecules were recorded in the solid phase. The structural and spectroscopic analyses of the molecules were made by using Hartree–Fock and density functional harmonic calculations. In both 4Clpba and 4Brpba only one form was most stable using B3LYP level with the 6–311 + + G(d,p) basis set. Selected experimental bands were assigned and characterized on the basis of the scaled theoretical wavenumbers by their total energy distribution (TED). Finally, geometric parameters as well as infrared (IR) and Raman bands were compared with the experimental data of the molecules. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Raman spectroscopic study of the tellurite mineral: sonoraite Fe3+Te4+O3(OH)·H2O
Authors: Frost Ray L. , Keeffe Eloise C. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractTellurites may be subdivided according to formula and structure. Raman spectroscopy has been used to study sonoraite, an example of a tellurite with hydroxyl and water units in the mineral structure. The free tellurite ion will have C3v symmetry and four modes, 2A1 and 2E. An intense Raman band at 779 cm−1 is assigned to the ν1 (TeO3)2− symmetric stretching mode. A band at 666 cm−1 with a shoulder at 638 cm−1 is assigned to the ν3 (TeO3)2− antisymmetric stretching mode. Bands at 374 and 387 cm−1 and the two bands at 425 and 468 cm−1 are assigned to the (TeO3)2−ν2(A1) and (TeO3)2−ν4(E) bending modes, respectively. The sharp band at 3423 cm−1 assigned to the OH stretching vibration of the OH unit is superimposed upon a broader spectral profile with Raman bands at 3000, 3223, 3350 and 3450 cm−1 which are attributed to water stretching bands. The technique of Raman spectroscopy is excellent for the study of tellurite minerals. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Surface‐enhanced Raman scattering study of L‐tryptophan
Authors: Aliaga A. E. , Osorio‐Román I. , Leyton P. , Garrido C. , Cárcamo J. , Caniulef C. , Célis F. , Díaz F. G. , Clavijo E. , Gómez‐Jeria J. S. , Campos‐Vallette M. M. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractSurface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectra of tryptophan (Trp) were obtained. A unique SERS spectrum of Trp, corresponding to the most stable conformation and orientation on the metal surface, is observed after a stabilization period. The Trp molecules interact with the surface through both the carboxylate and amino groups; the aliphatic moiety is close to the surface. The pyrrole ring of the indole moiety is farther from the surface than the benzene fragment. The observed spectra vary depending on both the preparation of the silver colloid and the aggregation time. The interpretation of the experimental results is supported by theoretical treatment of the molecule on the silver surface. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Raman spectroscopic study of kuranakhite PbMn4+Te6+O6–a rare tellurate mineral
Authors: Frost Ray L. , Keeffe Eloise C. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractTellurates are rare minerals as the tellurate anion is easily reduced to the tellurite ion. An example of a tellurate‐containing mineral is kuranakhite. Two bands at 617 and 686 cm−1 are observed and assigned to the Te6+O6ν1 symmetric stretching mode. The observation of two bands suggests the non‐equivalence of the Te6+O6 in the structure. The broad band centred at 743 cm−1 is attributed to the Te6+O6ν3 antisymmetric stretching mode. Sharp intense bands at 452 and 462 cm−1 are assigned to the Te6+O6ν4 bending mode. A comparison of the Raman spectra of kuranakhite with that of tellurate‐containing minerals tlapallite and xocomecatlite is made in this article. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
UV resonance Raman spectroscopy probes the localization of tryptophan‐containing antimicrobial peptides in lipid vesicles
Authors: Quan Bryan , Ianoul Anatoli 
Published: September 2008

AbstractIn this work we employed UV resonance Raman spectroscopy with 229 nm excitation to study two tryptophan‐containing antimicrobial peptides with a broad‐spectrum activity against Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria: lactoferricin B (LfB, RRWQWRMKKLG) and pEM‐2 (KKWRWWLKALAKK). UV resonance Raman spectra of both peptides are dominated by tryptophan bands. Raman spectra of LfB and pEM‐2 in D2O and 2,2,2‐trifluoro ethanol (TFE) have been measured and used to identify the hydrogen‐bond strength marker bands W6 and W17. The tryptophan doublet, W7, at 1340 and 1360 cm−1 was used to detect an increase in the hydrophobicity of Trp environment in TFE. The spectra of LfB in complex with model cell membranes composed of zwitterionic dipalmitoylglycero‐phosphocholine (DPPC) or anionic dipalmitoyglycero‐phosphoglycerol (DPPG) lipid vesicles revealed a more hydrophobic Trp environment in DPPG, suggesting stronger interactions between the cationic peptide and anionic model cell membrane. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Impact of hot water treatment on sprouting, membrane permeability, sugar content and chip colour of reconditioned potato tubers following long‐term cold storage
Authors: Kyriacou Marios C , Gerasopoulos Dimitrios , Siomos Anastasios S , Ioannides Ioannis M 
Published: September 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: The efficacy of hot water treatment in facilitating successful reconditioning of processing potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivar Hermes following 6 months cold storage at 4.5 °C was examined. Tubers were subjected to hot water treatments (HWTs) at 52.5, 55.0, 57.5 and 60.0 °C for 0–60, 0–50, 0–40 and 0–20 min, respectively, and then reconditioned for 20 days at 16 °C before evaluated for sprouting, fresh weight loss, membrane permeability, sugar content and processing quality.RESULTS: The study demonstrates that in order to achieve complete inhibition of sprouting during potato reconditioning HWTs must exceed the thermal tolerance threshold of the tubers. Short‐duration HWT was effective in retarding sprout growth and tuber dehydration without significantly affecting storage parenchyma membrane permeability, tuber sugar content or processing quality. On the contrary, prolonged HWT caused extensive heat damage, loss of membrane integrity and induced an increase in tuber sucrose and reducing sugar content resulting in deterioration of chip colour in proportion to treatment duration.CONCLUSION: Although HWT at 52.5–60 °C following long‐term cold storage did not improve the processing quality of potato tubers after 20 days of reconditioning, future work is needed to evaluate the effect of short‐duration HWT on the permissible extent of reconditioning and subsequent processing quality. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Column selection for comprehensive multidimensional ion chromatography
Authors: Shellie Robert A. , Tyrrell Éadaoin , Pohl Christopher A. , Haddad Paul R. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThis paper discusses the selection of ion chromatography (IC) columns for use in comprehensive multidimensional ion chromatography (IC×IC). First, a single number was determined for a wide range of anions (one number for each anion) using the linear solvent strength model. These numbers were then used to compare the column selectivity characteristics for five different columns. Principal component analysis was used to illustrate selectivity differences between columns. Dionex AS16 and AS20 columns were selected for use in the development of an IC×IC method for the separation of ten anions. To achieve the required speed of analysis in both the first and second separation dimensions, custom column lengths were packed in‐house. The use of an eluent suppressor between the first and second columns permits a relatively low flow ratio regime of only <1:20 in the first and second dimensions, respectively, which reduces dilution effects common in comprehensive multidimensional LC. Selection of the second dimension eluent conditions was aided by the development of a spreadsheet based on the linear solvent strength model.
Docosahexaenoic acid downregulates phenobarbital‐induced cytochrome P450 2B1 gene expression in rat primary hepatocytes via the c‐Jun NH2‐terminal kinase mitogen‐activated protein kinase pathway
Authors: Lu Chia‐Yang , Li Chien‐Chun , Liu Kai‐Li , Lii Chong‐Kuei , Chen Haw‐Wen 
Published: September 2008

AbstractMitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways play central roles in the transduction of extracellular stimuli into cells and the regulation of expression of numerous genes. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) was shown to be involved in the regulation of expression of drug metabolizing enzymes (DMEs) in rat primary hepatocytes in response to xenobiotics. Cytochrome P450 2B1 (CYP 2B1) is a DME that is dramatically induced by phenobarbital‐type inducers. The constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) plays a critical role in regulating the expression of DMEs, and the phosphorylation/dephosphorylation of CAR is an important event in CYP 2B1 expression. In the present study, we determined the effect of DHA on MAPK transactivation and its role in CYP 2B1 expression induced by phenobarbital. c‐Jun NH2‐terminal kinase (JNK) JNK1/2 and ERK1/2 were activated by phenobarbital in a dose‐dependent manner. DHA (100 μM) inhibited JNK1/2 and ERK2 activation induced by phenobarbital in a time‐dependent manner. Both SP600125 (a JNK inhibitor) and SB203580 (a p38 MAPK inhibitor) inhibited CYP 2B1 protein and mRNA expression induced by phenobarbital. SB203580 significantly increased the intracellular 3′‐5′‐cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) concentration compared with a control group (p < 0.05). Our results suggest that inhibition of JNK activation by DHA is at least part of the mechanisms of DHA's downregulation of CYP 2B1 expression induced by phenobarbital.
DFT calculations as a powerful technique to probe the crystal structure of Al(acac)3
Authors: Amini S. K. , Tafazzoli M. 
Published: September 2008

Abstract27Al, 17O and 13C chemical shieldings of aluminum acetylacetonate complex, Al(acac)3, were calculated at some Density Functional Theory (DFT) levels of theory. In these calculations the X‐ray structures of its different polymorphs were used. Using these calculated data observed discrepancies between the X‐ray crystallography and solid state NMR experiment were explained in terms of the quality of the NMR data. In this survey we resorted to the simulated spectra using our calculated chemical shifts. In order to confirm our conclusions, electric field gradient (EFG) tensors of the 27Al and 17O nuclei were calculated at the same levels of theory as used in the chemical shielding calculations. On the other hand, these calculated chemical shifts and nuclear quadrupole coupling constants (NQCCs) made a correlation between X‐ray crystallography and solid state NMR experiments. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
NMR analysis of a series of substituted pyrazolo[3,4‐d] pyrimidines‐4‐amines
Authors: Rodrigues Lígia M. , Sivasubramanian Aravind , Pinto Elisa M. , Oliveira‐Campos Ana M. F. , Seijas Julio A. , Vázquez‐Tato M. Pilar 
Published: September 2008

AbstractA series of 21 substituted pyrazolo[3,4‐d]pyrimidines‐4‐amines were studied by 1H and 13C NMR. The application of two‐dimensional techniques, HMQC and HMBC, allowed the complete assignment of the spectra for all the compounds. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Complete NMR spectral assignments of two new iridoid diastereoisomers from the flowers of Plumeria rubra L. cv. acutifolia
Authors: Ye Guan , Yang Yan‐ling , Xia Guang‐xin , Fan Ming‐song , Huang Cheng‐gang 
Published: September 2008

AbstractTwo new iridoid diastereoisomers (1, 2), together with five known compounds, were isolated from the flowers of Plumerian rubra L. cv. acutifolia. Their structures were elucidated by the means of in‐depth spectroscopic and mass‐spectrometric analyses, particularly 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Neonicotinoid resistance in rice brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens
Authors: Gorman Kevin , Liu Zewen , Denholm Ian , Brüggen Kai‐Uwe , Nauen Ralf 
Published: September 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: Rice brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens Stål, is a primary insect pest of cultivated rice, and effective control is essential for economical crop production. Resistance to neonicotinoid insecticides, in particular imidacloprid, has been reported as an increasing constraint in recent years. In order to investigate the extent of resistance, 24 samples of N. lugens were collected from China, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand and Vietnam during 2005 and 2006. Their responses to two diagnostic doses of imidacloprid (corresponding approximately to the LC95 and 5 × LC95 of a susceptible strain) were examined.RESULTS: Ten of the 12 samples collected during 2005 were found to be susceptible to imidacloprid, but two late‐season samples from India showed reduced mortality at both diagnostic doses. All 13 strains collected in 2006 showed reduced mortality at both doses when compared with the susceptible strain. Dose–response lines showed resistance in one of the most resistant field strains to be approximately 100‐fold compared with the susceptible standard.CONCLUSION: The data demonstrate the development and spread of neonicotinoid resistance in N. lugens in Asia and support reports of reduced field efficacy of imidacloprid. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Electrical transport mechanisms in ensembles of silicon quantum dots
Authors: Balberg I. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe understanding of the conduction mechanism in ensembles of Si quantum dots is still at a rudimentary level in spite of the wide interest in the physics of Si nanostructures in the last two decades. In our work we tried to improve this understanding by deriving a self consistent and comprehensive framework for the discussion of the corresponding conduction mechanisms and the related optical properties. This trial was enabled by finding, in detail, the dependencies of the structural, the transport, the optical and the charge storage properties, on the density of these quantum dots, and interpreting these dependencies in terms of percolation cluster statistics. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
An experimental study of band gap states electrical properties in poly‐Si TFTs by the analysis of the transient currents
Authors: Michalas L. , Papaioannou G. J. , Kouvatsos D. N. , Voutsas A. T. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe present work presents, for the first time, a simultaneous analysis of the overshoot and undershoots effects in polycrystalline silicon Thin Film Transistors fabricated on SLS‐ELA films, as a function of temperature. The results suggest the presence of defects with different characteristics distributed across the bang gap, in agreement with theoretical model predictions. Furthermore a comparison of the estimated density of states in each half of the band gap denotes slightly n‐type poly‐silicon body, a result supported by the analysis of the transfer characteristics. Conclusively, it is presented that the analysis of the transient currents could act as a method for detailed characterization of poly‐silicon band gap. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)