bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Industrieunternehmen, Strukturwandel und Rezession. Die Krise des Flick-Konzerns in den siebziger Jahren
Authors: Priemel Kim Christian 
Published: January 2009

Vorspann
Das Ende des Flick-Konzerns steht meist im Zeichen des großen Bestechungsskandals, der in den achtziger Jahren die Gemüter bewegte. Kim Priemel, Autor einer großen Flick-Geschichte, begnügt sich nicht mit diesem Kurzschluss. Der Niedergang von Flick begann lange vor dem großen Skandal. Er hatte seine Wurzeln in den komplizierten Besitzverhältnissen, vor allem aber in der Konzeptlosigkeit der Konzernspitze, die es nicht verstand, den Erfolg der Wirtschaftswunderjahre nach dem Boom zu wiederholen. Der Versuch, ein großes Aktienpaket zu verkaufen und den Gewinn steuerfrei zu reinvestieren, war so eher ein Akt der Hilflosigkeit als Ausdruck weitsichtigen unternehmerischen Denkens.
Hugh Trevor-Roper und Hitlers letzte Tage
Authors: Harrison Edward D. R. 
Published: January 2009

Vorspann
Hugh Trevor-Roper hat Wissenschaftsgeschichte geschrieben. Sein Buch „Hitlers letzte Tage“ wurde ein Best- und Longseller, der noch heute die Leser zu packen vermag. Ted Harrison zeichnet die verwickelte Entstehungsgeschichte nach, er schildert die Probleme vor der Veröffentlichung und der deutschen Übersetzung, und er analysiert die heftigen Debatten, die das „Meisterwerk“ auslöste.
Die Hand am Puls der Forschung. Konjunkturen der Zeitgeschichtsschreibung und ihre Verleger seit 1945
Authors: Blaschke Olaf 
Published: January 2009

Vorspann
Bücher machen Geschichte. Aber wer macht die Bücher? Olaf Blaschke lenkt den Blick auf einen Aspekt, der – wenn überhaupt – gewöhnlich nur am Rande registriert wird: Verlage und Verleger. Welchen Einfluss hatten und haben sie? Wie weit haben sie die Erforschung der jüngsten deutschen Vergangenheit mitgeprägt?
Secretion of adiponectin multimeric complexes from adipose tissue explants is not modified by very low calorie diet
Authors: Kovacova Zuzana , Vitkova Michaela , Kovacikova Michaela , Klimcakova Eva , Bajzova Magda , Hnevkovska Zuzana , Rossmeislova Lenka , Stich Vladimir , Langin Dominique , Polak Jan 
Published: January 2009

ObjectiveAdiponectin is a protein abundantly secreted by the adipose tissue (AT). Plasma adiponectin levels are decreased in obese, insulin-resistant, and type 2 diabetic patients. Various multimeric complexes, i.e. high-, middle-, and low-molecular weight isoforms (HMW, MMW and LMW), are present in plasma. Here, we investigated the effect of weight reducing diet on the distribution of adiponectin isoforms in plasma and on their secretion in AT explants from obese subjects.DesignA total of 20 obese subjects (age 37.8±7.3 years, body mass index 33.9±5.0 kg/m2) underwent eight weeks of very low-calorie diet (VLCD). A needle biopsy of subcutaneous abdominal AT and blood samples were taken before and after dietary intervention. AT explants were incubated in culture medium for 4 h. ELISA assay and western blot analyses were used to identify adiponectin complexes in culture media and in plasma.ResultsThe distribution of adiponectin polymers in plasma was different from that secreted in human AT explants. Before VLCD, the relative amount of HMW isoform was 75.5±9.1% of total adiponectin in culture media and 52.2±11.2% in plasma. Despite the diet-induced weight loss and improvement of insulin sensitivity, VLCD neither induced change in total adiponectin level nor in the ratio of HMW to total adiponectin in plasma and in culture media of AT explants.ConclusionsThe profile of adiponectin polymeric isoforms secreted by AT explants into culture media differs from the plasma profile. A dietary intervention leading to weight loss and improvement of insulin sensitivity was not associated with modifications of AT secretion of total or HMW adiponectin.
Small for gestational age status is associated with metabolic syndrome in overweight children
Authors: Reinehr Thomas , Kleber Michaela , Toschke Andre Michael 
Published: January 2009

ObjectiveSmall for gestational age (SGA) children are at risk of both later obesity and metabolic syndrome (MetS). However, it is unknown whether obesity or SGA status leads to MetS in these subjects. We hypothesized that overweight children with former SGA status had more present components of the MetS than overweight children with former appropriate for gestational age (AGA) status.MethodsWe analyzed 803 overweight children (4% SGA, mean age 11±0.1 years, body mass index (BMI) 27.3±0.2, SDS-BMI 2.32±0.02) concerning blood pressure, lipids, glucose, and insulin. Oral glucose tolerance tests (oGTT) were performed in all 35 former SGA children and 147 randomly chosen former non-SGA children.ResultsAfter adjustment for age, sex, pubertal stage, and BMI-SDS, former SGA status was significantly related to blood pressure, triglyceride, insulin, and 2 h glucose levels in oGTT. The MetS prevalence was more than doubled in overweight former SGA subjects (40% MetS) compared with overweight former AGA subjects (17% MetS). The corresponding adjusted odds ratio was 4.08 (95% confidence interval 1.48 to 11.22) for SGA compared with AGA children.ConclusionsOverweight former SGA children had an increased risk for the components of the MetS compared with overweight former AGA children. Therefore, SGA status seems to be a risk factor for the MetS independently of weight status. Particularly overweight children with former SGA status should be screened for the MetS.
THE LEGACY OF MERCURY CYCLING FROM MINING SOURCES IN AN AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM: FROM ORE TO ORGANISM
Authors: Suchanek Thomas H. , Richerson Peter J. , Zierenberg R. A. , Eagles-Smith Collin A. , Slotton Darell G. , Harner E. James , Osleger David A. , Anderson Daniel W. , Cech Joseph J. , Schladow S. Geoffrey , Colwell Arthur E. , Mount Jeffrey F. , King Peggie S. , Adam David P. , McElroy Kenneth J. 
Published: January 2009

Clear Lake is the site of an abandoned mercury (Hg) mine (active intermittently from 1873 to 1957), now a U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Superfund Site. Mining activities, including bulldozing waste rock and tailings into the lake, resulted in ∼100 Mg of Hg entering the lake's ecosystem. This series of papers represents the culmination of ∼15 years of Hg‐related studies on this ecosystem, following Hg from the ore body to the highest trophic levels.A series of physical, chemical, biological, and limnological studies elucidate how ongoing Hg loading to the lake is influenced by acid mine drainage and how wind‐driven currents and baroclinic circulation patterns redistribute Hg throughout the lake. Methylmercury (MeHg) production in this system is controlled by both sulfate‐reducing bacteria as well as newly identified iron‐reducing bacteria. Sediment cores (dated with dichlorodiphenyldichlorethane [DDD], 210Pb, and 14C) to ∼250 cm depth (representing up to ∼3000 years before present) elucidate a record of total Hg (TotHg) loading to the lake from natural sources and mining and demonstrate how MeHg remains stable at depth within the sediment column for decades to millenia. Core data also identify other stresses that have influenced the Clear Lake Basin especially over the past 150 years.Although Clear Lake is one of the most Hg‐contaminated lakes in the world, biota do not exhibit MeHg concentrations as high as would be predicted based on the gross level of Hg loading. We compare Clear Lake's TotHg and MeHg concentrations with other sites worldwide and suggest several hypotheses to explain why this discrepancy exists. Based on our data, together with state and federal water and sediment quality criteria, we predict potential resulting environmental and human health effects and provide data that can assist remediation efforts.
Analysis of T-helper Responses and FOXP3 Gene Expression in Patients with Japanese Cedar Pollinosis
Authors: Chikamatsu Kazuaki , Sakakura Koichi , Matsuoka Tomokazu , Endo Shuichiro , Takahashi Goro , Matsuzaki Zensei , Masuyama Keisuke 
Published: January 2009

Background Evidence has been accumulated indicating that regulatory T (T-reg) cells play a crucial role in the maintenance of peripheral T-cell tolerance to allergens. To explore the role of FOXP3, which is required for the development of T-reg cells, in allergen-specific immune responses, we examined the relationship between the alteration of FOXP3 gene expression and in vitro immune responses against allergens. Methods Peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained from 19 human histocompatibility leukocyte antigens (HLA)-DPB1*0501 donors, including patients with Japanese cedar pollinosis and nonallergic healthy donors, were stimulated with Cry j 1 p61-75 peptide. On day 7, T cells were tested for peptide-specific reactivity in IFN-γ and interleukin (IL)-5 enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assays. Real-time quantitative RT-PCR was performed to assess relative change of FOXP3 gene expression before and after in vitro stimulation. Neutralization assays using anti-glucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor receptor family-related protein (GITR) and anti-IL-10 monoclonal antibody were also performed. Results Of 14 patients with allergic pollinosis tested, 10 responders displayed T-helper type 2 (Th2)-polarized reactivity to Cry j 1 p61-75, and 2 donors showed Th0 responses. Notably, the change of FOXP3 gene expression in donors showing peptide-specific T-helper responses was significantly lower than that in nonresponders, regardless of allergic pollinosis. Conclusion Our data indicate that FOXP3 is functional in nonallergic healthy donors as well as allergic patients, and FOXP3-expressing T cells may be responsible for the down-regulation of allergen-specific T-helper responses in individuals. A better understanding of the nature and specificity of FOXP3-expressing T cells in a suppressive mechanism is necessary to develop new immunotherapies against allergic rhinitis.
Construct Validation of a Low-fidelity Endoscopic Sinus Surgery Simulator
Authors: Leung Randy M. , Leung Jerry , Vescan Allan , Dubrowski Adam , Witterick Ian 
Published: January 2009

Background Before a simulator becomes widely accepted, it must be relevant, affordable, and accessible. We have developed a low-cost model emphasizing the basic skills required for endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS). It is noninvasive, free from risk of infection, and an excellent low-pressure learning opportunity. The current study was designed to assess the construct validity of our simulator. Methods We conducted a stratified randomized crossover-control study. Otolaryngology residents, fellows, and faculty performed predetermined tasks on the model or cadaver, and then switched. Evaluation included hand motion analysis, task time, and blinded expert review. Results Sixteen subjects at various levels of training participated. Cadaver performance correlated well with level of training and previous experience with ESS. However, model performance did not demonstrate statistically significant correlation. Conclusion Our model was unable to demonstrate clear construct validity at this time. Materials and structural modifications are in progress. Pending further validation, its low-cost construction possesses potential for integration into otolaryngology residency curricula. Assessment of the simulator's ability to improve surgical skill is also planned.
Analysis of Transnasal Endoscopic versus Transseptal Microscopic Approach for Excision of Pituitary Tumors
Authors: Higgins Thomas S. , Courtemanche Chad , Karakla Daniel , Strasnick Barry , Singh Ran Vijay , Koen Joseph L. , Han Joseph K. 
Published: January 2009

Background The traditional method of pituitary tumor excision is transseptal microscopic excision; however, the transnasal transsphenoidal endoscopic approach has shown comparable results with the transseptal microscopic approach at some institutions. The objective of this study is to compare the two types of sellar and parasellar mass resection: transnasal transsphenoidal endoscopic excision versus transseptal microscopic excision. Methods A retrospective cohort analysis was performed on subjects who were referred to a tertiary hospital for surgical management of sellar or parasellar masses. The two groups of patients either underwent a transnasal endoscopic approach with endoscopic excision or transseptal microscopic excision. Demographics, tumor characteristics, operative details, length of hospital stay, intraoperative and postoperative complications, level of postoperative pain, recurrence rate, use of computed tomography (CT) image guidance, and length of follow-up were gathered. The data between the two groups were then compared. Results The analysis included 19 subjects who underwent endoscopic excision and 29 subjects who underwent transseptal microscopic excision. Null macroadenoma was the most common sellar mass followed by prolactinoma. There were no statistical differences in rates of perioperative complications and suprasellar or cavernous sinus invasion. Patients who underwent an endoscopic approach had shorter operative times, lower estimated blood loss, less lumbar drain use, less pain, and a shorter postoperative hospital stay (p < 0.05). Conclusion The two approaches show similar intraoperative characteristics and immediate complication rates. Transnasal transsphenoidal endoscopic excision is a reasonable alternative to the traditional method of sellar mass excision.
Wheat proteins improve cryopreservation of rat hepatocytes
Authors: Grondin Mélanie , Hamel Francine , Averill‐Bates Diana A. , Sarhan Fathey 
Published: January 2009

AbstractHepatocytes are an important physiological model for in vitro studies of drug metabolism and toxicity. However, fresh hepatocytes are not always available and hence cyopreservation is needed to preserve large quantities until they are needed for these applications. Hepatocytes are extremely sensitive to damage induced by the freeze–thaw process, even after addition of traditional cryoprotectants such as dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Furthermore, they do not proliferate in culture. We previously demonstrated that a crude wheat extract protects rat hepatocytes during cryopreservation and could provide a promising alternative to DMSO. We have considerably improved this novel cryopreservation procedure by using wheat extracts that are partially purified by either ammonium sulphate or acetone precipitation, or by using recombinant wheat freezing tolerance‐associated proteins such as WCS120, TaTIL, WCS19, and TaIRI‐2. These improved procedures enhance long‐term storage (2–12 months) and recovery of large quantities of healthy cells after cryopreservation, and maintain the differentiated functions of rat hepatocytes, compared to freshly isolated cells, as judged by viability (77–93%), adherence (77%) and metabolic functions of major cytochrome P450 isoforms CYP1A1/2, CYP2C6, CYP2D2, and CYP3A1/2. The advantage of using wheat proteins as cryopreservants is that they are non‐toxic, natural products that do not require animal serum, and are economical and easy to prepare. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2009;103: 582–591. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
In silico strategy to rationally engineer metabolite production: A case study for threonine in Escherichia coli
Authors: Rodríguez‐Prados Juan‐Carlos , de Atauri Pedro , Maury Jérôme , Ortega Fernando , Portais Jean‐Charles , Chassagnole Christophe , Acerenza Luis , Lindley Nic D. , Cascante Marta 
Published: January 2009

AbstractGenetic engineering of metabolic pathways is a standard strategy to increase the production of metabolites of economic interest. However, such flux increases could very likely lead to undesirable changes in metabolite concentrations, producing deleterious perturbations on other cellular processes. These negative effects could be avoided by implementing a balanced increase of enzyme concentrations according to the Universal Method [Kacser and Acerenza (1993) Eur J Biochem 216:361–367]. Exact application of the method usually requires modification of many reactions, which is difficult to achieve in practice. Here, improvement of threonine production via pyruvate kinase deletion in Escherichia coli is used as a case study to demonstrate a partial application of the Universal Method, which includes performing sensitivity analysis. Our analysis predicts that manipulating a few reactions is sufficient to obtain an important increase in threonine production without major perturbations of metabolite concentrations. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2009;103: 609–620. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Risk assessment in acute pancreatitis
Authors: Mofidi R , Patil P V , Suttie S A , Parks R W 
Published: January 2009

AbstractBackgroundAcute pancreatitis has a variable natural history and in a proportion of patients is associated with severe complications and a significant risk of death. The various tools available for risk assessment in acute pancreatitis are reviewed.MethodsRelevant medical literature from PubMed, Ovid, Embase, Web of Science and The Cochrane Library websites to May 2008 was reviewed.Results and conclusionOver the past 30 years several scoring systems have been developed to predict the severity of acute pancreatitis in the first 48–72 h. Biochemical and immunological markers, imaging modalities and novel predictive models may help identify patients at high risk of complications or death. Recently, there has been a recognition of the importance of the systemic inflammatory response syndrome and organ dysfunction.
Systematic review of endoscopic treatments for gastro-oesophageal reflux disease
Authors: Chen D , Barber C , McLoughlin P , Thavaneswaran P , Jamieson G G , Maddern G J 
Published: January 2009

Abstract

Background
The aim of this review was to assess the safety and efficacy of endoscopic procedures for gastro-oesophageal reflux disease.

Methods
Literature databases including Medline, Embase and PubMed were searched up to May 2006 without language restriction. Randomized controlled trials and non-randomized comparative studies with at least ten patients in each study arm, and case series studies of at least ten patients, were included.

Results
A total of 33 studies examining seven endoscopic procedures (Stretta® procedure, Bard® EndoCinch™, Wilson-Cook Endoscopic Suturing Device, NDO Plicator™, Enteryx®, Gatekeeper™ Reflux Repair System and Plexiglas®) were included in the review. Of the three procedures that were tested against sham controls (Stretta® procedure, Bard® EndoCinch™ and Enteryx®), patient outcomes in the treatment group were either as good as, or significantly better than, those of control patients in terms of heartburn symptoms, quality of life and medication usage. However, for the two procedures that were tested against laparoscopic fundoplication (Stretta® procedure and Bard® EndoCinch™), outcomes for patients in the endoscopic group were either as good as, or inferior to, those for the laparoscopic group.

Conclusion
At present there is insufficient evidence to determine the safety and efficacy of endoscopic procedures for gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, particularly in the long term.
Territorial belonging of the middle hepatic vein in living liver donor candidates evaluated by three-dimensional computed tomographic reconstruction and virtual liver resection
Authors: Radtke A , Sgourakis G , Sotiropoulos G C , Molmenti E P , Saner F H , Timm S , Malagó M , Lang H 
Published: January 2009

Abstract

Background
Postoperative venous congestion can lead to graft and remnant liver failure in living donor liver transplantation. This study was designed to delineate ‘territorial belonging’ of the middle hepatic vein (MHV) and to identify hepatic venous anatomy at high risk of outflow congestion.

Methods
MHV belonging patterns for right (RHL) and left (LHL) hemilivers were evaluated by three-dimensional computed tomographic reconstruction and virtual hepatectomy in 138 consecutive living liver donor candidates.

Results
The right hepatic vein (RHV) was dominant in 84·1 per cent and an accessory inferior hepatic vein (IHV) was present in 47·1 per cent of livers. Three MHV belonging types were identified for the RHL. Strong and complex MHV types A and C were associated with large RHL venous congestion. The MHV belonged to the LHL in 65·9 per cent, draining 37 per cent of this hemiliver. In virtual liver resections, left MHV type D was a risk category for small left liver remnants.

Conclusion
MHV territorial belonging types A and C were identified as high risk for RHL venous congestion. Their presence should prompt consideration of either inclusion of the MHV with the right graft or reconstruction of its tributaries, and preservation of IHV territory.
Sulphate-reducing bacteria and hydrogen sulphide in the aetiology of ulcerative colitis
Authors: Rowan F E , Docherty N G , Coffey J C , O'Connell P R 
Published: January 2009

Abstract

Background
The aetiology of ulcerative colitis is uncertain but may relate to environmental factors in genetically predisposed individuals. Sulphate-reducing bacteria (SRB) have been implicated through the harmful effects of hydrogen sulphide, a by-product of their respiration. Hydrogen sulphide is freely permeable to cell membranes and inhibits butyrate. This review examines the available evidence relating to SRB as a possible cause of ulcerative colitis.

Methods
A literature search was conducted using the PubMed database and search terms ‘sulphate reducing bacteria’, ‘hydrogen sulphide’, ‘ulcerative colitis’, ‘mucous gel layer’ and ‘trans-sulphuration’.

Results
Search results were scrutinized and 113 pertinent full-text articles were selected for review. Collected data related to hydrogen sulphide metabolism, SRB respiration, mucous gel layer composition and their association with ulcerative colitis.

Conclusion
There is evidence to implicate SRB as an environmental factor in ulcerative colitis. More sophisticated mucosal dissection and molecular techniques using bacteria-directed probes are required to determine an association definitively.
Randomized clinical trial of groin hernia repair with titanium-coated lightweight mesh compared with standard polypropylene mesh (Br J Surg 2008; 95: 1226–1231)
Authors: Lee Ling Hong 
Published: January 2009

Abstract
The Editors welcome topical correspondence from readers relating to articles published in the Journal. Responses should be sent electronically via the BJS website (www.bjs.co.uk). All letters will be reviewed and, if approved, appear on the website. A selection of these will be edited and published in the Journal. Letters must be no more than 250 words in length.