bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Catheter-based therapy for high-risk or intermediate-risk pulmonary embolism: death and re-hospitalization
Authors: Leiva Orly , Alviar Carlos , Khandhar Sameer , Parikh Sahil A , Toma Catalin , Postelnicu Radu , Horowitz James , Mukherjee Vikramjit , Greco Allison , Bangalore Sripal 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background and Aims
Catheter-based therapies (CBTs) have been developed as a treatment option in patients with pulmonary embolism (PE). There remains a paucity of data to inform decision-making in patients with intermediate-risk or high-risk PE. The aim of this study was to characterize in-hospital and readmission outcomes in patients with intermediate-risk or high-risk PE treated with vs. without CBT in a large retrospective registry.

Methods
Patients hospitalized with intermediate-risk or high-risk PE were identified using the 2017–20 National Readmission Database. In-hospital outcomes included death and bleeding and 30- and 90-day readmission outcomes including all-cause, venous thromboembolism (VTE)-related and bleeding-related readmissions. Inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) was utilized to compare outcomes between CBT and no CBT.

Results
A total of 14 903 [2076 (13.9%) with CBT] and 42 829 [8824 (20.6%) with CBT] patients with high-risk and intermediate-risk PE were included, respectively. Prior to IPTW, patients with CBT were younger and less likely to have cancer and cardiac arrest, receive systemic thrombolysis, or be on mechanical ventilation. In the IPTW logistic regression model, CBT was associated with lower odds of in-hospital death in high-risk [odds ratio (OR) 0.83, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.80–0.87] and intermediate-risk PE (OR 0.76, 95% CI 0.70–0.83). Patients with high-risk PE treated with CBT were associated with lower risk of 90-day all-cause [hazard ratio (HR) 0.77, 95% CI 0.71–0.83] and VTE (HR 0.46, 95% CI 0.34–0.63) readmission. Patients with intermediate-risk PE treated with CBT were associated with lower risk of 90-day all-cause (HR 0.75, 95% CI 0.72–0.79) and VTE (HR 0.66, 95% CI 0.57–0.76) readmission.

Conclusions
Among patients with high-risk or intermediate-risk PE, CBT was associated with lower in-hospital death and 90-day readmission. Prospective, randomized trials are needed to confirm these findings.
Changes in Life’s Essential 8 and risk of cardiovascular disease in Chinese people
Authors: Li Wenjuan , Xing Aijun , Lamballais Sander , Xu Wenqi , Chen Shuohua , Zhou Shenghua , Wu Shouling , Chen Zhangling 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
The American Heart Association recently released an updated algorithm for evaluating cardiovascular health—Life’s Essential 8 (LE8). However, the associations between changes in LE8 score over time and risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) remain unclear.

Methods
We investigated associations between 6-year changes (2006–12) in LE8 score and risk of subsequent CVD events (2012–20) among 53 363 Chinese men and women from the Kailuan Study, who were free from CVD in 2012. The LE8 score was calculated based on eight components: diet quality, physical activity, smoking status, sleep health, body mass index, blood lipids, blood glucose and blood pressure. Multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional-hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results
We documented 4281 incident CVD cases during a median of 7.7 years of follow-up. Compared with participants whose LE8 scores remained stable in a 6-year period, those with the large increases of LE8 score over the 6-year period had a lower risk of CVD, heart disease and stroke in the subsequent 8 years [HRs and 95% CIs: 0.67 (0.64, 0.70) for CVD, 0.65 (0.61, 0.69) for heart disease, 0.71 (0.67, 0.76) for stroke, all Ptrend &lt; 0.001]. Conversely, those with the large decreases of LE8 score had 47%, 51% and 41% higher risk for CVD, heart disease and stroke, respectively. These associations were consistent across the subgroups stratified by risk factors.

Conclusions
Improving LE8 score in a short- and moderate-term was associated with a lower CVD risk, whereas decreased LE8 score over time was associated with a higher risk.
How Literary Texts ‘Stage’ Code-Switching
Authors: Grutman Rainier 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This article explores the possibilities and limitations of the sociolinguistic notion of code-switching for the analysis of multilingual texts, in particular those belonging to literature as it is commonly understood (prose fiction, drama and poetry). In such (con)texts, I argue, code-switching is ‘staged’: produced rather than reproduced. Even when texts stage bilingual conversations with the aim of imitating real-life speech events, mimesis is mediated by the shift from spoken to written mode, which contrasts with the presence and proximity typical of (spoken) verbal interaction. While this mediation limits the applicability of sociolinguistic notions when discussing literary corpora, several examples from both North America (Junot Díaz, Gloria Anzaldúa and Ana Lydia Vega) and Europe (Lydie Salvayre, Ágota Kristóf, Franz Kafka and Leo Tolstoy) show how literary texts ‘stage’ code-switching.
Acute Dissociation and Ketamine’s Antidepressant and Anti-Suicidal Ideation Effects in a Midazolam-Controlled Trial
Authors: Sajid Sumra , Galfalvy Hanga C , Keilp John G , Burke Ainsley K , Mann J John , Grunebaum Michael F 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Objective
We sought to explore relationships of acute dissociative effects of intravenous ketamine with change in depression and suicidal ideation and with plasma metabolite levels in a randomized, midazolam-controlled trial.

Methods
Data from a completed trial in suicidal, depressed participants (n = 40) randomly assigned to ketamine was used to examine relationships between ketamine treatment–emergent dissociative and psychotomimetic symptoms with pre/post-infusion changes in suicidal ideation and depression severity. Nonparametric correlational statistics were used. These methods were also used to explore associations between dissociative or psychotomimetic symptoms and blood levels of ketamine and metabolites in a subset of participants (n = 28) who provided blood samples immediately post-infusion.

Results
Neither acute dissociative nor psychotomimetic effects of ketamine were associated with changes in suicidal ideation or depressive symptoms from pre- to post-infusion. Norketamine had a trend-level, moderate inverse correlation with dissociative symptoms on Day 1 post-injection (P  = .064; P =.013 removing 1 outlier). Dehydronorketamine correlated with Clinician-Administered Dissociative States Scale scores at 40 minutes (P = .034), 230 minutes (P = .014), and Day 1 (P = .012).

Conclusion
We did not find evidence that ketamine’s acute, transient dissociative, or psychotomimetic effects are associated with its antidepressant or anti-suicidal ideation actions. The correlation of higher plasma norketamine with lower dissociative symptoms on Day 1 post-treatment suggests dissociation may be more an effect of the parent drug.
Respiratory Syncytial Virus vs Influenza Virus Infection: Mortality and Morbidity Comparison Over 7 Epidemic Seasons in an Elderly Population
Authors: Recto Caryn Giselle , Fourati Slim , Khellaf Mehdi , Pawlotsky Jean-Michel , De Prost Nicolas , Diakonoff Hadrien , Donadio Cristiano , Pouga Lydia , de Tymowski Christian , Kassasseya Christian 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection is gaining interest due to the recent development of vaccines but is still misdiagnosed in the elderly. The primary objective was to compare all-cause mortality at day 30. Secondary objectives were to compare clinical presentation and rates of consolidative pneumonia, hospitalization, and intensive care unit (ICU) admission.

Methods
A single-center retrospective study was conducted in a French university hospital during 7 epidemic seasons including 558 patients aged ≥75 years: 125 with RSV and 433 with influenza (median age, 84.8 years).

Results
Patients with RSV had more respiratory symptoms (wheezing, dyspnea) whereas patients with influenza had more general symptoms (fever, asthenia, myalgia). The following were higher in the RSV group: consolidative pneumonia (28.8% vs 17.2%, P = .004), hospitalization (83.2% vs 70%, P = .003), ICU admission (7.2% vs 3.0%, P = .034), and length of stay (median [IQR], 9 days [2–16] vs 5 days [0–12]; P = .002). Mortality rates at day 30 were comparable (9.6% vs 9.7%, P = .973).

Conclusions
This study included the largest cohort of patients infected with RSV aged &gt;75 years documented in-depth thus far. RSV shares a comparable mortality rate with influenza but is associated with higher rates of consolidative pneumonia, hospitalization, ICU admissions, and extended hospital stays.
Disruption of post-thymic tolerance in skin-reactive TCR transgenic mice through the interaction of lymphopenia and intestinal microbiota
Authors: Hayabuchi Hodaka , Tokifuji Yukiko , Takahashi Hayato , Amagai Masayuki , Yoshimura Akihiko , Chikuma Shunsuke 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Autoimmune diseases often arise from conditions where the immune system is compromised. While lymphopenia-induced proliferation (LIP) is crucial for immune system development and maturation, it is also caused by environmental insults, such as infection, and becomes a risk factor for autoimmunity in adults. We used Dsg3H1 TCR transgenic mice, whose T cells are designed to recognize desmogrein-3, a skin antigen, to explore the impact of lymphopenia on post-thymic tolerance. Dsg3H1 mice are known to delete the most highly autoreactive T cells in the thymus, and develop only subtle immune-mediated pathology in the steady state. However, we found that transient lymphopenia induced by total body irradiation (TBI) or cyclophosphamide (CY) results in massive dermatitis in Dsg3H1 mice. The symptoms included expansion and development of self-reactive T cells, their differentiation into CD44high IL-17-producing helper T cells, and severe neutrophilic inflammation. Repopulation of FOXP3+ T regulatory cells after lymphopenia normally occurred, suggesting escape of skin-reactive conventional T cells from control by regulatory T cells. Furthermore, we found that a depletion of the intestinal microbiota by antibiotics prevents CY-induced dermatitis, indicating roles of the commensal intestinal microbiota in LIP and Th17 development in vivo. The current data suggested that post-thymic tolerance of Dsg3H1 mice is established on a fragile balance in the lymphoreplete immune environment and broken by the interplay between lymphopenia and intestinal microbiota. The dynamic phenotypes observed in Dsg3H1 mice prompt a re-evaluation of opportunistic lymphopenia together with the microbiota as pivotal environmental factors, impacting individuals with genetic predispositions for autoimmune diseases.
Chemoattractant receptor signaling in humoral immunity
Authors: Shirai Taiichiro , Nakai Akiko , Suzuki Kazuhiro 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Efficient induction of humoral immune responses depends on the orchestrated migration of B cells within lymphoid organs, which is governed by G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) responding to chemoattractants, represented by chemokines. After ligand binding, GPCRs are phosphorylated by different GPCR kinases (GRKs) at distinct sites on the receptor C termini, which dictates functional outcomes of β-arrestin-mediated signaling, ranging from receptor inactivation to effector molecule activation. However, the molecular mechanisms by which individual GRKs are selectively targeted to GPCRs have been poorly understood. Our recent study revealed that a protein complex consisting of copper metabolism MURR1 domain-containing (COMMD) 3 and 8 (the COMMD3/8 complex) functions as an adaptor that recruits a specific GRK to chemoattractant receptors and plays an important role in the control of B-cell migration during humoral immune responses. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of chemoattractant receptor signaling in the context of humoral immunity and discuss the potential of the COMMD3/8 complex as a therapeutic target for autoimmune diseases.
Continuous evaluation of single-dose moxifloxacin concentrations in brain extracellular fluid, cerebrospinal fluid, and plasma: a novel porcine model
Authors: Mariager T , Terkelsen J H , Bue M , Öbrink-Hansen K , Nau R , Bjarkam C R , Nielsen H , Bodilsen J 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
Knowledge regarding CNS pharmacokinetics of moxifloxacin is limited, with unknown consequences for patients with meningitis caused by bacteria resistant to beta-lactams or caused by TB.

Objective
(i) To develop a novel porcine model for continuous investigation of moxifloxacin concentrations within brain extracellular fluid (ECF), CSF and plasma using microdialysis, and (ii) to compare these findings to the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) target against TB.

Methods
Six female pigs received an intravenous single dose of moxifloxacin (6 mg/kg) similar to the current oral treatment against TB. Subsequently, moxifloxacin concentrations were determined by microdialysis within five compartments: brain ECF (cortical and subcortical) and CSF (ventricular, cisternal and lumbar) for the following 8 hours. Data were compared to simultaneously obtained plasma samples. Chemical analysis was performed by high pressure liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry. The applied PK/PD target was defined as a maximum drug concentration (Cmax):MIC ratio &gt;8.

Results
We present a novel porcine model for continuous in vivo CNS pharmacokinetics for moxifloxacin. Cmax and AUC0–8h within brain ECF were significantly lower compared to plasma and lumbar CSF, but insignificantly different compared to ventricular and cisternal CSF. Unbound Cmax:MIC ratio across all investigated compartments ranged from 1.9 to 4.3.

Conclusion
A single dose of weight-adjusted moxifloxacin administered intravenously did not achieve adequate target site concentrations within the uninflamed porcine brain ECF and CSF to reach the applied TB CNS target.
Association between the lung microbiome and perioperative prognosis in lung transplant recipients
Authors: Wu Yuhan , Huang Linna , Li Min , Cui Xiaoyang , Zhu Jun , Zhan Qingyuan , Wang Chen 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Rationale
Studies have confirmed that the lung microbiome of lung transplant recipients is altered and serves as a prognostic indicator for long-term mortality. Other studies reported that the lung microbiome affects host immunity and the transcriptome. However, the lung microbiome composition at the early post-transplant period following lung transplantation is unclear, and the relationship of the lung microbiome with pulmonary immunity and the host transcriptome is also not well understood.

Objectives
We hypothesize that changes in the lung microbiome composition in the early post-transplant period may have a predictive value for perioperative outcomes following lung transplantation and that the lung microbiome is correlated with pulmonary immunity and the host transcriptome. Thus, this prospective study aimed at observing the lung microbiome composition in the early post-transplant period and the impact of the lung microbiome on pulmonary cytokines and the host transcriptome. Our findings will help us gain a comprehensive understanding of the distribution and significance of the lung microbiome in the early post-transplant period.

Methods
An observational study was conducted to identify the lung microbiome and the host transcriptome characteristics using next-generation sequencing. Luminex was employed for quantifying alveolar cytokines. Spearman's correlation analysis was utilized to assess the impact of the lung microbiome on pulmonary immunity and differentially expressed genes in patients who died perioperatively after lung transplantation.

Results
Patients with poor perioperative outcomes showed an increase in Mycoplasma and Arcobacter, a decrease of Gemella, and increased interleukin (IL)-10, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α concentration. The lung microbiome correlates with lung immunity in lung transplant recipients. In the death group, the function of differentially expressed genes is associated with cell apoptosis, and promoting TNF production is upregulated. The lung microbiome is related to differentially expressed genes between the two groups.

Conclusions
The lung microbiome and cytokines can be considered as potential biomarkers for early prognosis in lung transplant recipients. The lung microbiome is associated with both lung immunity and differentially expressed genes in lung transplant recipients.
Collaborative and privacy-enhancing workflows on a clinical data warehouse: an example developing natural language processing pipelines to detect medical conditions
Authors: Petit-Jean Thomas , Gérardin Christel , Berthelot Emmanuelle , Chatellier Gilles , Frank Marie , Tannier Xavier , Kempf Emmanuelle , Bey Romain 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Objective
To develop and validate a natural language processing (NLP) pipeline that detects 18 conditions in French clinical notes, including 16 comorbidities of the Charlson index, while exploring a collaborative and privacy-enhancing workflow.

Materials and Methods
The detection pipeline relied both on rule-based and machine learning algorithms, respectively, for named entity recognition and entity qualification, respectively. We used a large language model pre-trained on millions of clinical notes along with annotated clinical notes in the context of 3 cohort studies related to oncology, cardiology, and rheumatology. The overall workflow was conceived to foster collaboration between studies while respecting the privacy constraints of the data warehouse. We estimated the added values of the advanced technologies and of the collaborative setting.

Results
The pipeline reached macro-averaged F1-score positive predictive value, sensitivity, and specificity of 95.7 (95%CI 94.5-96.3), 95.4 (95%CI 94.0-96.3), 96.0 (95%CI 94.0-96.7), and 99.2 (95%CI 99.0-99.4), respectively. F1-scores were superior to those observed using alternative technologies or non-collaborative settings. The models were shared through a secured registry.

Conclusions
We demonstrated that a community of investigators working on a common clinical data warehouse could efficiently and securely collaborate to develop, validate and use sensitive artificial intelligence models. In particular, we provided an efficient and robust NLP pipeline that detects conditions mentioned in clinical notes.
Oral daily PTH(1-34) tablets (EB613) in postmenopausal women with low BMD or osteoporosis: a randomized, placebo-controlled, 6-month, phase 2 study
Authors: Tripto-Shkolnik Liana , Szalat Auryan , Tsvetov Gloria , Rouach Vanessa , Sternberg Chana , Hoppe Anke , Burshtein Gregory , Galitzer Hillel , Toledano Miranda , Harari Gil , Santora Arthur C , Cosman Felicia 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Anabolic treatment is indicated for high and very-high risk patients with osteoporosis, but acceptance is limited because current anabolic medications require subcutaneous injections. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of a novel orally administered PTH tablet on serum markers of bone formation (PINP and osteocalcin), bone resorption (crosslinked C-telopeptide [CTX]), BMD, and safety in postmenopausal women with low BMD or osteoporosis. In this 6-mo, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, 161 patients were randomized to oral PTH tablets containing 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, or 2.5 mg or placebo daily. Biochemical markers were assessed at 1, 2, 3, and 6 mo and BMD of LS, TH, and FN was measured at 6 mo. Biochemical marker changes were dose dependent with minimal or no effect at the 2 lowest doses. At the highest dose (2.5 mg once daily), serum PINP and OC levels increased 30% within 1 mo after oral PTH initiation (P &lt; .0001), remained elevated through 3 mo, and were back to baseline at 6 mo. In contrast, serum CTX levels declined 16% and 21% below baseline at 3 and 6 mo, respectively (both P ≤ .02). At 6 mo, 2.5 mg tablets increased mean BMD vs placebo of the LS by 2.7%, TH by 1.8%, and FN by 2.8% (all P ≤ .01). There were no drug-related serious adverse events. The most common adverse events were headache, nausea, and dizziness. In contrast to subcutaneous PTH, the oral PTH tablet appears to increase BMD rapidly by the dual mechanism of stimulating formation and inhibiting bone resorption. This might be the first effective oral anabolic alternative to subcutaneous administration for the treatment of low BMD or osteoporosis.
The determinant and a factorization of a Toeplitz matrix with some type of Horadam numbers entries
Authors: da Fonseca Carlos M , Kızılateş Can , Terzioğlu Nazlıhan 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In this note, we define a symmetric Toeplitz matrix whose entries are from a particular Horadam sequence. We provide the determinant, the inverse and a factorization for such matrices and their special cases. These matrices are always nonsingular and their inverses are pentadiagonal matrices.
Application of the surface engineered recombinant Escherichia coli to the industrial battery waste solution for lithium recovery
Authors: Jeong Jaehoon , Selvamani Vidhya , Maruthamuthu Murali kannan , Arulsamy Kulandaisamy , Hong Soon Ho 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Escherichia coli were engineered to selectively adsorb and recover lithium from the environment by employing a bacterial cell surface display strategy. Lithium binding peptide (LBP1) was integrated into the Escherichia coli membrane protein OmpC. The effect of environmental conditions on the adsorption of lithium by a recombinant strain was evaluated, and lithium particles on the cellular surface were analyzed by FE-SEM and XRD. To elevate the lithium adsorption, dimeric, trimeric, and tetrameric repeats of the LBP1 peptide were constructed and displayed on the surface of E. coli. The constructed recombinant E. coli displaying the LBP1 trimer was applied to real industrial lithium battery wastewater to recover lithium.