bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structure-Activity Correlations for the Oxidation of CO over Polycrystalline RuO2 Powder Derived from Steady-State and Transient Kinetic Experiments
Authors: Narkhede Vijay , Aßmann Jens , Muhler Martin 
Published: October 2005

Abstract
The oxidation of carbon monoxide was studied at atmospheric pressure in a plug-flow reactor over polycrystalline ruthenium dioxide powder in the temperature range from 363 to 453 K as a function of the pretreatment. Calcining RuO2 in flowing oxygen resulted in purified bulk RuO2, whereas reduction in hydrogen led to bulk Ru metal, which was partially oxidized again in flowing oxygen at increasing temperatures (T
ox) up to 573 K to obtain RuO2/Ru shell-core particles with increasing RuO2 shell thickness. Using the TPR technique subsequent to steady-state CO oxidation to monitor the degree of oxidation, the most active and stable state of the unsupported ruthenium catalysts was identified as an ultra-thin RuO2 layer covering a metallic Ru core in agreement with the shell-core model established for supported Ru catalysts. Steady-state turnover frequencies (TOFs) obtained with the ultra-thin RuO2 films are in good agreement with TOFs reported for studies on Ru single crystal surfaces and with supported Ru catalysts. Only for RuO2 films thicker than 1 nm (T
ox ≥ 473 K) and for fully oxidized RuO2 deactivation was observed, presumably due to the formation of inactive RuO2 surfaces such as the RuO2(100)-c(2×2) facet. Moreover, it was demonstrated that the presence of moisture in the reactant feed inhibits the oxidation of CO completely.
Crucial Transcription Factors in Endoderm and Embryonic Gut Development Are Expressed in Gut-Like Structures from Mouse ES Cells
Authors: Matsuura Rie , Kogo Hiroshi , Ogaeri Takunori , Miwa Takashi , Kuwahara Masaki , Kanai Yoshiakira , Nakagawa Takumi , Kuroiwa Atsushi , Fujimoto Toyoshi , Torihashi Shigeko 
Published: October 2005

Abstract
Mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells are pluripotent and retain the potential to form an organ similar to the gut showing spontaneous contractions in vitro. The morphological features of these structures and their formation, as assessed using the hanging drop method to produce embryoid bodies (EBs), seem to be similar to those in vivo. To determine whether the same molecular mechanisms are involved in the formation process, the expression pattern of transcription factors regulating endoderm and gut development in the mouse embryo was examined by in situ hybridization and compared with in vivo expression. Expression of gene products was also examined by immunohistochemistry, and expression colocalization was analyzed with double staining. The results showed that all factors examined, that is, Sox17, Id2, HNF3β/Foxa2, and GATA4, were expressed in both EBs and gut-like structures. Moreover, their expression patterns were similar to those in the mouse embryo. EBs after the hanging drop period and before outgrowth already expressed all factors that were colocalized with each other in EB epithelial structures. These findings suggest that the origin of the gut-like structure is determined during the hanging drop period and that the gut-like structure is formed as the epithelial structure in EBs during the hanging drop period. They also indicate that the in vitro system using mouse ES cells mimics in vivo development and should prove useful in the study of molecular mechanisms for endoderm and gut development.
Barriers to a trial of atherosclerosis prevention in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Costenbader Karen H. , Karlson Elizabeth W. , Gall Victoria , Pablo Paola de , Finckh Axel , Lynch Marsha , Bermas Bonnie , Schur Peter H. , Liang Matthew H. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractObjectiveThe effectiveness of aggressive management of traditional risk factors for accelerated atherosclerosis in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) has been advocated but not proven. We conducted a pilot, randomized, controlled trial of known prevention medications (pravastatin, ramipril, aspirin, and a combination B vitamin) plus individualized cardiovascular prevention education. We describe our experience in recruiting and retaining patients with SLE in this trial.MethodsPatients with SLE by American College of Rheumatology criteria who lived within 1 hour of the hospital and had visits within the past 3 years were screened. All eligible patients were contacted by the principal investigator who was not their physician. The reasons for nonparticipation were elicited in a nonjudgmental manner.ResultsA total of 662 patients met the selection criteria for the study. Of these, 295 patients (45%) with contraindications to study medications were excluded. Ninety‐seven (40%) of 244 eligible patients refused to participate. More than 40% of those phoned were unwilling to participate and, among those, 19% felt they were too sick, too well, or taking too many medications already. A total of 41 patients were enrolled in the trial, and 22 dropped out within 4 months.ConclusionSLE is a chronic disease, and the development and testing of interventions aimed at the prevention of long‐term sequelae are of paramount importance. Prevention trials in SLE face serious challenges, including the recruitment and retention of participants. Our experience provides insights into the barriers to participation in randomized prevention trials in SLE.
Patient knowledge, beliefs, and behavior concerning the prevention and treatment of glucocorticoid‐induced osteoporosis
Authors: Blalock Susan J. , Norton Linda L. , Patel Rajul A. , Dooley Mary Anne 
Published: October 2005

AbstractObjectiveTo obtain descriptive information concerning the extent to which patients taking oral glucocorticoids recall receiving osteoporosis prevention counseling, and to identify factors associated with the practice of 3 behaviors (i.e., calcium intake, vitamin D intake, and bone mineral density [BMD] testing) recommended for patients receiving glucocorticoid therapy.MethodsThe study assessed cross‐sectional data derived from telephone interviews and mailed questionnaires completed by 227 patients who were currently taking oral prednisone. Questions assessed current calcium and vitamin D intake and history of BMD testing.ResultsApproximately one‐third of participants (36.3%) reported that they had received osteoporosis prevention counseling. Among those who reported receiving counseling, most (73.2%) remembered being told about the importance of obtaining an adequate amount of calcium. Other topics were remembered less frequently. Slightly more than half of study participants (51.1%) were obtaining the recommended amount of calcium. Fewer were obtaining the recommended amount of vitamin D (35.2%) or had received a BMD test within the past year (33.5%). The most consistent predictors of behavior were counseling status and patients' perceptions of the difficulty associated with performing the behavior.ConclusionMost patients receiving oral glucocorticoids receive insufficient counseling concerning the prevention of osteoporosis; patients either are not being counseled or they are being counseled in a manner that is not sufficient to promote subsequent recall and behavior change. Research is needed to develop effective strategies to educate patients about the prevention of glucocorticoid‐induced osteoporosis.
Randomized comparison of a multidisciplinary job‐retention vocational rehabilitation program with usual outpatient care in patients with chronic arthritis at risk for job loss
Authors: de Buck Petronella D. M. , le Cessie Saskia , van den Hout Wilbert B. , Peeters Andreas J. , Ronday Herman K. , Westedt Marie‐Louise , Breedveld Ferdinand C. , Vliet Vlieland Theodora P. M. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractObjectiveWork disability is a major consequence of inflammatory rheumatic conditions. Evidence regarding the effectiveness of interventions aimed at the prevention or reduction of work disability in rheumatic diseases is limited. We conducted a randomized controlled trial to investigate the effectiveness of a multidisciplinary job‐retention vocational rehabilitation (VR) program in patients with a rheumatic condition who were at risk for job loss.MethodsA total of 140 patients with a chronic rheumatic condition were randomly assigned to either a multidisciplinary job‐retention VR program (n = 74) or usual outpatient care (UC) (n = 66). Patients in the VR group were assessed and guided by a multidisciplinary team, whereas patients in the UC group received care as initiated by their rheumatologist, supplemented with written information. The main outcome measure was the occurrence of job loss (complete work disability or unemployment); additional outcome measures included job satisfaction, pain, functional status, emotional status, and quality of life.ResultsThere was no difference between the 2 groups regarding the proportion of patients having lost their job at any time point, with 24% and 23% of the patients in the VR and UC groups, respectively, having lost their job after 24 months. Over the total period of 24 months, patients in the VR group had a significantly greater improvement of the fatigue visual analog scale and of emotional status (all P values < 0.05).ConclusionA job‐retention VR program did not reduce the risk of job loss but improved fatigue and mental health in patients with chronic rheumatic diseases at risk for job loss.
Pain exacerbation as a major source of lost productive time in US workers with arthritis
Authors: Ricci Judith A. , Stewart Walter F. , Chee Elsbeth , Leotta Carol , Foley Kathleen , Hochberg Marc C. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractObjectiveTo estimate the prevalence of arthritis and arthritis pain exacerbations in US workers including impact on functioning and lost productive work time (LPT).MethodsThe research was conducted as a nested case‐control study of participants in the Caremark American Productivity Audit, a US national random‐digit‐dial survey of US workers. The sample included 329 workers ages 40–65 years meeting the First National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey criteria for arthritis, and 91 workers not meeting arthritis inclusion criteria. Participants completed a telephone interview to measure the prevalence of arthritis and pain exacerbations, LPT (in hours and dollars), functional disability using the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Knee and Hip Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) and the Australian/Canadian Osteoarthritis Hand Index, and demographics.ResultsThe prevalence of arthritis in US workers ages 40–65 years was 14.7% during the 2‐week period. Pain exacerbation occurred among 38% of participants with arthritis. Workers with pain exacerbations were significantly more likely to have higher WOMAC scores (38.6 versus 29.6; P = 0.0041) and report arthritis‐related LPT (24.4% versus 13.3%; P = 0.0118) than workers without exacerbations. Among those with LPT, average LPT did not differ (4.1 hours per week) between persons with and without exacerbations. The estimated annual LPT cost from arthritis in the US workforce was $7.11 billion, with 65.7% of this cost attributed to the 38% of workers with pain exacerbations.ConclusionWorkers with arthritis pain exacerbation account for a disproportionate share of the arthritis‐related LPT cost. Stratifying workers for appropriate treatment management based on pain exacerbation status could significantly decrease arthritis‐related LPT and offer employees and employers an effective return on health care use.
Exercise, self‐efficacy, and mobility performance in overweight and obese older adults with knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Focht Brian C. , Rejeski W. Jack , Ambrosius Walter T. , Katula Jeffrey A. , Messier Stephen P. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractObjectiveTo examine changes in mobility‐related self efficacy following exercise and dietary weight loss interventions in overweight and obese older adults with knee osteoarthritis (OA), and to determine if self efficacy and pain mediate the effects of the interventions on mobility task performance.MethodsThe Arthritis, Diet, and Activity Promotion Trial was an 18‐month, single‐blind, randomized, controlled trial comparing the effects of exercise alone, dietary weight loss alone, a combination of exercise plus dietary weight loss, and a healthy lifestyle control intervention in the treatment of 316 overweight or obese older adults with symptomatic knee OA. Participants completed measures of stair‐climb time and 6‐minute walk distance, self efficacy for completing each mobility task, and self‐reported pain at baseline, 6 months, and 18 months during the trial.ResultsMixed model analyses of covariance of baseline adjusted change in the outcomes demonstrated that the exercise + dietary weight loss intervention produced greater improvements in mobility‐related self efficacy (P = 0.0035), stair climb (P = 0.0249) and 6‐minute walk performance (P = 0.00031), and pain (P = 0.09) when compared with the healthy lifestyle control intervention. Mediation analyses revealed that self efficacy and pain served as partial mediators of the beneficial effect of exercise + dietary weight loss on stair‐climb time.ConclusionExercise + dietary weight loss results in improved mobility‐related self efficacy; changes in these task‐specific control beliefs and self‐reported pain serve as independent partial mediators of the beneficial effect of exercise + dietary weight loss on stair‐climb performance.
Current use of glucocorticoids in patients with rheumatoid arthritis in Germany
Authors: Thiele Katja , Buttgereit Frank , Huscher Doerte , Zink Angela ,   The German Collaborative Arthritis Centres
Published: October 2005

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the current use of glucocorticoids in German patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).MethodsWe analyzed clinical and patient‐derived data from 10,068 outpatients with RA from the national database of the German Collaborative Arthritis Centres for the year 2001 collected by more than 80 rheumatologists in hospitals and private practices.ResultsSystemic glucocorticoid therapy was prescribed for 60% of all patients with RA in rheumatologic care. The proportion of patients receiving systemic glucocorticoids in addition to disease‐modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) therapy ranged from 53% to 81% of the patients for the various DMARDs. Glucocorticoid therapy was administered more often in combination with tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (81%), cyclosporin A (80%), or leflunomide (77%) than with more traditional DMARDs such as methotrexate (63%) or sulfasalazine (55%). Regarding the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis, 63% of patients taking systemic glucocorticoids were also receiving some type of osteoporosis therapy, as opposed to only 26% of those not taking glucocorticoids.ConclusionGlucocorticoids play a pivotal role in the management of RA. This is reflected in the extensive use of low‐dose glucocorticoids by German rheumatologists. Even if highly effective DMARDs are prescribed, they are accompanied by glucocorticoids, at least in the initial phase. High‐dose glucocorticoids are prescribed for only a small proportion of the patients. There is increasing awareness of the risk of osteoporosis in long‐term glucocorticoid treatment, demonstrated by the fact that osteoporosis medication is prescribed for a large proportion of patients taking glucocorticoids.
Percutaneous intervention through a Cabrol composite graft
Authors: Coram Rita , George Zachary , Breall, Jeffrey A. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractSimilar to other surgical techniques, ascending thoracic aortic repair has evolved through a series of modifications, each with improvement in longevity, morbidity, and mortality. Until recently, most, if not all, aortic composite graft‐coronary ostial anastamotic complications have been addressed with repeat surgery. Due to this, most interventional cardiologists have little to no experience in approaching postsurgical aortic composite graft‐coronary ostial anastamotic lesions percutaneously when the anatomy is altered by a Cabrol interposition graft. Nevertheless, it is important that operators are aware of the various surgical techniques used to repair the ascending aorta and reimplant the coronary arteries. Furthermore, in the present era of addressing more and more stenotic lesions percutaneously, it is important to have knowledge into which type of lesion lends itself to a percutaneous approach. Our review of the literature reveals that there have been no reported cases of percutaneous interventions of the native coronary arteries through a Cabrol composite graft. We report the first case of percutaneous intervention of an unprotected left main anastamotic stenosis through a Cabrol composite graft. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Percutaneous closure of perimembranous ventricular septal defect associated with a ventricular septal aneurysm using the Amplatzer ductal occluder
Authors: Tan Christopher A. , Levi Daniel S. , Moore John W. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractAmplatzer ductal occluders were used for percutaneous closure of perimembranous ventricular septal defects with associated ventricular septal aneurysm in three patients. The device was well positioned and the ventricular left‐to‐right shunt was significantly decreased in all three patients. The procedure was tolerated well without complications in each case. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Coronary steal syndrome with coil embolization of a large LIMA side branch: Radionuclide evidence for reversible ischemia
Authors: Abdo Nasser , Curran Peter J. , Kumar Vinod , Tobis Jonathan M. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThis case presents the controversy over coronary artery steal syndrome following bypass surgery when a large branch of the left internal mammary artery (LIMA) is not ligated. A discussion of previous attempts to understand the physiology of this anatomy is compared with case reports of objective evidence for ischemia that resolves following occlusion of the LIMA side branch. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Interventions in leaks and obstructions of the interatrial baffle late after Mustard and Senning correction for transposition of the great arteries
Authors: Daehnert Ingo , Hennig Bert , Wiener Michael , Rotzsch Claudius 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThe objective of this study was to describe the institutional experience with interventional treatment of atrial sequelae late after atrial correction for transposition of the great arteries (TGA). A retrospective observational study identified 13 long‐term survivors of atrial correction for TGA (median age, 20.5 years; range, 13.8–33.0) with atrial inflow obstruction and/or interatrial defects. Balloon‐expandable stents were used for relief of atrial inflow obstructions and interatrial defects closed with devices. Feasibility, periprocedural complications, residual or new obstructions or leaks at follow‐up were investigated. Fourteen successful procedures were performed in 12 patients; one procedure failed. Five stents were placed for obstruction of the superior caval vein, three for obstruction of the inferior caval vein, and one for obstruction of the pulmonary venous return. Five septal occluders were implanted. Localization of the interatrial defects required atypical implantation techniques and resulted in atypical device positions. No complications occurred with stent or device implantation. There were no residual shunts through or around the septal occluders. None of the patients had new implant‐related obstruction or leakage during a median follow‐up of 21 months (range, 6–45). Stent implantation for obstruction of the pulmonary or systemic venous return in patients after atrial redirection for TGA is safe and effective. Follow‐up suggests excellent maintenance of patency. Interatrial defects can be closed with septal occluders despite atypical defect positions in these patients. Combined use of both devices in adjacent positions is feasible. These interventions help to avoid high‐risk surgery. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Look before you close: Atrial septal defect with undiagnosed partial anomalous pulmonary venous return
Authors: Cragun David T. , Lax Daniela , Butman Samuel M. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThe growing and continued success of percutaneous closure of atrial defects is related to its high benefit‐to‐risk ratio in appropriately selected patients. The following case illustrates a previously undocumented danger, namely, the potential for incomplete correction. A thorough transesophageal examination performed at the time of the planned atrial defect closure suggested the presence of a partial anomalous pulmonary vein insertion, which was then appropriately documented and the incomplete closure was averted. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Neue Verpackungen für Lebensmittel: Gut verpackt?
Authors: Stubenrauch Cosima 
Published: October 2005

AbstractNeue Verpackungsmaterialien für Lebensmittel zu entwickeln, ist nach wie vor eine große Herausforderung. Zu unterscheiden ist hierbei zwischen (a) der Optimierung von Materialeigenschaften, (b) der Einführung “aktiver und intelligenter Materialien” und (c) neuen Design‐ und Präsentationstechniken. Im ersten Fall werden Struktur‐Eigenschafts‐Beziehungen genutzt, um Stoffe mit passendem Eigenschaftsprofil zu finden. Von besonderer Wichtigkeit sind hier Verbundstoffe, die die typischen mechanischen und physikalischen Eigenschaften ihrer Bestandteile vereinigen. Veranschaulicht wird das am Beispiel der braunen PET‐Flasche für Bier, in welcher die guten mechanischen Eigenschaften des PET mit der geringen Gasdurchlässigkeit von EVOH oder PA kombiniert werden. Nicht vergessen werden darf jedoch, dass bei Verbundstoffen die Möglichkeit zum Recyclen nicht automatisch gegeben ist und die Umweltbilanz neuer Materialien jeweils geprüft werden muss. Dagegen versteht man unter “aktiven Verpackungen” solche, die durch die gezielte Beeinflussung der Atmosphäre in der Packung die Qualität eines Lebensmittels erhalten. So kann es sinnvoll sein, durch Binden von Sauerstoff, Kohlendioxid oder Wasser, durch Ausscheiden von CO2 oder Ethanol sowie durch antimikrobielle Substanzen Reaktionen zu verlangsamen oder zu verhindern. Dass es auch möglich ist, Verpackungen ein “Eigenleben” zu geben, wird im letzten Teil des Beitrags erläutert. Hier handelt es sich um Verpackungen, die erst nach Aktivierung durch den Verbraucher “etwas tun” wie sich z.B. selbst erwärmen oder abkühlen.
Tropon – wider die Fleischnot: “Eiweiss‐Cakes” und Hundekuchen
Authors: Krätz Otto 
Published: October 2005

AbstractDie 1897 gegründeten Tropon‐Werke nutzten Abfallfleisch aus Schlachthöfen zur Gewinnung von Eiweißprodukten. Dieser günstige Fleischersatz war insbesondere für die Eiweißversorgung der unteren sozialen Schichten von Interesse. Tropon‐Eiweißpräparate wurden noch bis in die 70er Jahre des 20. Jahrhunderts hergestellt, doch wandelte sich die Firma im Laufe der Zeit zu einem rein pharmazeutischen Unternehmen. Die Tropon‐Werke, zeitweilig eine Tochter der Bayer, bestehen noch heute.
Beschichtungen contra Graffiti
Authors: Borchard‐Tuch Claudia 
Published: October 2005

AbstractOb Graffiti Kunst oder Vandalismus sind, ist heftig umstritten. Unabhängig davon sind sie für die Betroffenen jedoch zumeist höchst ärgerlich, denn Graffiti zu entfernen ist fast immer kostspielig und aufwändig und gelingt oft nur unvollständig. Mit Schutzsystemen lassen sich Graffiti‐Attacken zwar nicht völlig vereiteln, die Schäden aber stark vermindern.
Jonglierkunst der Röhrenwürmer
Authors: Groß Michael 
Published: October 2005

AbstractRöhrenwürmer mit ihren bis zu einem Meter hoch aufragenden weißen Gehäusen und den leuchtend roten Kiemen, die oben herausschauen, sind die auffälligsten Bewohner der Tiefseebiotope in der Umgebung heißer Quellen. Sie erhalten ihre Nahrung von chemosynthetischen Bakterien, welche sie in einem speziellen Organ, dem Trophosom beherbergen. Diese Symbiosepartner benötigen ihrerseits Sulfide und Sauerstoff, um Nährstoffe erzeugen zu können.