bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neighborhood eviction trajectories and odds of moderate and serious psychological distress during pregnancy among African American women
Authors: Sealy-Jefferson Shawnita , Jackson Benita , Francis Brittney 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
African American mothers are unjustly burdened by both residential evictions and psychological distress. We quantified associations between trajectories of neighborhood evictions over time and the odds of moderate and serious psychological distress (MPD and SPD, respectively) during pregnancy among African American women. We linked publicly available data on neighborhood eviction filing and judgment rates to preconception and during-pregnancy addresses from the Life-course Influences on Fetal Environments (LIFE) Study (2009-2011; n = 808). Multinomial logistic regression–estimated odds of MPD and SPD during pregnancy that were associated with eviction filing and judgment rate trajectories incorporating preconception and during-pregnancy addresses (each categorized as low, medium, or high, with two 9-category trajectory measures). Psychological distress was measured with the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K6) (K6 scores 5-12 = MPD, and K6 scores ≥13 = SPD). MPD was reported in 60% of the sample and SPD in 8%. In adjusted models, higher neighborhood eviction filing and judgment rates, as compared with low/low rates, during the preconception and pregnancy periods were associated with 2- to 4-fold higher odds of both MPD and SPD during pregnancy among African American women. In future studies, researchers should identify mechanisms of these findings to inform timely community-based interventions and effective policy solutions to ensure the basic human right to housing for all.
This article is part of a Special Collection on Mental Health.
Ruling Relations Coordinating the ‘Migrant Family’ in Institutional Encounters between Finnish Social Work Professionals and Migrant Service Users
Authors: Jäppinen Maija , Kara Hanna , Nordberg Camilla , Riitaoja Anna-Leena 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Despite the growing body of literature on how migrancy transforms family relations, surprisingly little research exists on how ‘migrant family’ takes shape in institutional encounters. In this article, we analyse the negotiations on when and how family relations become addressed in encounters between social workers and migrant service users. Drawing from institutional ethnography, we understand the local service encounters as actively regulated by extra-local relations of ruling, represented here mainly by texts such as legislative acts, service descriptions and professional guidelines. The results show that the ways in which family is present and addressed in the institutional encounters often became an act of balancing between a broader understanding of family relations building on the service user’s self-definition as well as psychosocial and holistic professional ideals, and a narrower administrative understanding rooted in the Finnish legislation on social security and immigration. The legislative texts thus become a strong relation of ruling that coordinates the actual encounters and what happens in them. Nevertheless, family is essential to human subjectivity, and if the institutional encounters focus only on those family relations recognised by the legislation, important aspects of human relations remain unseen.
Neutrophil extracellular traps induce pyroptosis of pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells by activating the NLRP3 inflammasome
Authors: Zhao Peipei , Zhu Jiarui , Bai Ling , Ma Wenlan , Li Feifei , Zhang Cen , Zhao Liangtao , Wang Liuyang , Zhang Sigong 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Excessive formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) may lead to myositis-related interstitial lung disease (ILD). There is evidence that NETs can directly injure vascular endothelial cells and play a pathogenic role in the inflammatory exudation of ILD. However, the specific mechanism is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the specific mechanism underlying NET-induced injury to human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (HPMECs). HPMECs were stimulated with NETs (200 ng/ml) in vitro. Cell death was detected by propidium iodide staining. The morphological changes of the cells were observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Pyroptosis markers were detected by western blot, immunofluorescence, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and the related inflammatory factor Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) was verified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Compared with the control group, HPMECs mortality increased after NET stimulation, and the number of pyroptosis vacuoles in HPMECs was further observed by TEM. The pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (PMECs) of the experimental autoimmune myositis mouse model also showed a trend of pyroptosis in vivo. Cell experiment further confirmed the significantly high expression of the NLRP3 inflammasome and pyroptosis-related markers, including GSDMD and inflammatory factor IL-1β. Pretreated with the NLRP3 inhibitor MCC950, the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and pyroptosis of HPMECs were effectively inhibited. Our study confirmed that NETs promote pulmonary microvascular endothelial pyroptosis by activating the NLRP3 inflammasome, suggesting that NETs-induced pyroptosis of PMECs may be a potential pathogenic mechanism of inflammatory exudation in ILD.
Effort expenditure modulates feedback evaluations involving self–other agreement: evidence from brain potentials and neural oscillations
Authors: Li Jin , Zhong Bowei , Li Mei , Sun Yu , Fan Wei , Liu Shuangxi 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The influence of effort expenditure on the subjective value in feedback involving material reward has been the focus of previous research. However, little is known about the impact of effort expenditure on subjective value evaluations when feedback involves reward that is produced in the context of social interaction (e.g. self–other agreement). Moreover, how effort expenditure influences confidence (second-order subjective value) in feedback evaluations remains unclear. Using electroencephalography, this study aimed to address these questions. Event-related potentials showed that, after exerting high effort, participants exhibited increased reward positivity difference in response to self–other (dis)agreement feedback. After exerting low effort, participants reported high confidence, and the self–other disagreement feedback evoked a larger P3a. Time–frequency analysis showed that the high-effort task evoked increased frontal midline theta power. In the low (vs. high)-effort task, the frontal midline delta power for self–other disagreement feedback was enhanced. These findings suggest that, at the early feedback evaluation stage, after exerting high effort, individuals exhibit an increased sensitivity of subjective value evaluation in response to self–other agreement feedback. At the later feedback evaluation stage, after completing the low-effort task, the self–other disagreement feedback violates the individuals’high confidence and leads to a metacognitive mismatch.
Prospective Investigation of Optical Genome Mapping for Prenatal Genetic Diagnosis
Authors: Xie Min , Zheng Zhao-Jing , Zhou Ying , Zhang Yu-Xin , Li Qiong , Tian Li-Yun , Cao Juan , Xu Yan-Ting , Ren Jie , Yu Qi , Wu Shan-Shan , Fang Shu , Zhuang Dan-Yan , Geng Juan , Chen Chang-Shui , Li Hai-Bo 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
Optical genome mapping (OGM) is a novel assay for detecting structural variants (SVs) and has been retrospectively evaluated for its performance. However, its prospective evaluation in prenatal diagnosis remains unreported. This study aimed to prospectively assess the technical concordance of OGM with standard of care (SOC) testing in prenatal diagnosis.

Methods
A prospective cohort of 204 pregnant women was enrolled in this study. Amniotic fluid samples from these women were subjected to OGM and SOC testing, which included chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) and karyotyping (KT) in parallel. The diagnostic yield of OGM was evaluated, and the technical concordance between OGM and SOC testing was assessed.

Results
OGM successfully analyzed 204 cultured amniocyte samples, even with a cell count as low as 0.24 million. In total, 60 reportable SVs were identified through combined OGM and SOC testing, with 22 SVs detected by all 3 techniques. The diagnostic yield for OGM, CMA, and KT was 25% (51/204), 22.06% (45/204), and 18.14% (37/204), respectively. The highest diagnostic yield (29.41%, 60/204) was achieved when OGM and KT were used together. OGM demonstrated a concordance of 95.56% with CMA and 75.68% with KT in this cohort study.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that OGM can be effectively applied in prenatal diagnosis using cultured amniocytes and exhibits high concordance with SOC testing. The combined use of OGM and KT appears to yield the most promising diagnostic outcomes.
A new protocol for a single-stage combined cardiopulmonary and echocardiography exercise test: a pilot study
Authors: Dorobantu Dan M , Wadey Curtis A , Berryman Ben , Amir Nurul H , Forsythe Lynsey , Stuart A Graham , Pieles Guido E , Williams Craig A 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Aims
The value of cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) and exercise stress echocardiography (ESE) in managing cardiac disease is well known, but no standard CPET–ESE protocol is currently recommended. This pilot study aims to compare feasibility and cardiac function responses between a new high-intensity single-stage combined test (CPET–hiESE) and a standard maximal ESE (smESE).

Methods and results
After screening and maximal CPET, all volunteers (n = 21) underwent three ESE modalities: (i) based on the gas exchange threshold (hiESE–GET, 40% of peak-GET, 6 min), (ii) based on heart rate (HR) (hiESE–HR, 80% of peak HR, 6 min), and (iii) smESE (85% of predicted peak HR for age, 3 min). Speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) and tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) were measured at each step. There was superior image quality and data completeness for the right ventricle strain for both hiESE modalities compared with smESE (71.4 and 76.2 vs. 42.9%, P = 0.07). Left ventricular STE data completeness was similar for all three conditions. Despite systematically higher HR, work rate and levels of exertion in the smESE compared with hiESE, STE and TDI parameters were not systematically different. Concordance correlation coefficients ranged from 0.56 to 0.88, lowest for strain rate parameters and mean difference from −0.34 to 1.53, highest for TDI measurements.

Conclusion
The novel CPET–hiESE protocol allowed for better data completeness, at lower levels of exertion compared with smESE, without systematically different cardiac reserve measurements in healthy participants. This single-stage protocol can be individualized to clinical populations, which would provide practical advantages to standard testing.
Left atrial reservoir strain is a superior discriminator of cardioembolism in ischaemic stroke
Authors: Bhat Aditya , Gan Gary C H , Chen Henry H L , Khanna Shaun , Mahajan Vipul , Gupta Arnav , Burdusel Camelia , Wolfe Nigel , Lee Lina , Nunes Maria Carmo P , Taconeli Cesar Augusto , da Silva José Luiz Padilha , Tan Timothy C 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Aims
Echocardiographic measures of left heart size and function have long been associated with cardioembolic mechanisms of stroke development, however, the diagnostic performance and comparison of measures of atrial function in this context has not been well studied. We sought to evaluate the diagnostic performance of left atrial reservoir strain (LASr) in identification of cardioembolism in the ischaemic stroke population relative to traditional measures of left heart size and function.

Methods and results
Consecutive patients admitted to our institution with ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack were recruited and underwent comprehensive transthoracic echocardiography. Strokes were classified by aetiology with comparison undertaken between cardioembolic and non-cardioembolic types. Four hundred and eighteen consecutive stroke patients with a cardioembolic (n = 229) or non-cardioembolic (n = 189) stroke aetiology were analysed. LASr was impaired in cardioembolic compared with non-cardioembolic strokes (16.7 ± 8.2% vs. 26.0 ± 5.5%, P &lt; 0.01) and provided greatest discrimination [area under the curve (AUC) 0.813, 95%CI 0.773–0.858] in differentiating stroke subtypes when compared with LVEF (AUC difference 0.150, P &lt; 0.01), LAVI (AUC difference 0.083, P &lt; 0.01), and E/e’ (AUC difference 0.163, P &lt; 0.01). Inclusion of LASr in a model with conventional left heart echocardiographic factors improved model performance with a net reclassification improvement of 1.083 (95%CI 0.945–1.220, P &lt; 0.01). Further, a proposed user-defined model-based clinical algorithm with LASr demonstrated improved diagnostic accuracy of the identification of cardioembolic stroke subtypes which was best appreciated in patients without atrial fibrillation.

Conclusion
LASr may provide enhanced diagnostic accuracy beyond conventional echocardiographic measures to discriminate cardioembolic from non-cardioembolic stroke mechanisms, in particular amongst those without comorbid atrial fibrillation.
Atrial fibrillation ablation workflow optimization facilitated by high-power short-duration ablation and high-resolution mapping
Authors: Fink Thomas , Sciacca Vanessa , Nischik Flemming , Bergau Leonard , Guckel Denise , El Hamriti Mustapha , Khalaph Moneeb , Braun Martin , Winnik Stephan , Didenko Maxim , Imnadze Guram , Sommer Philipp , Sohns Christian 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Aims
Pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) for catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation (AF) is a time-demanding procedure. High-power short-duration (HPSD) ablation protocols and high-density mapping catheters have recently been introduced to clinical practice. We investigated the impact of high-density mapping and HPSD ablation protocols on procedural timing, efficacy, and safety by comparing different standardized set-ups.

Methods and results
Three electrophysiology (EP) laboratory set-ups were analysed: (i) circular catheter for mapping and HPSD ablation with 30/35 W guided by an ablation index (AI); (ii) pentaspline catheter for mapping an HPSD ablation with 50 W guided by an AI; and (iii) pentaspline catheter for mapping and HPSD ablation with 90 W over 4 s using a novel ablation catheter. All patients underwent PVI without additional left atrial ablation strategies. Procedural data and operating intervals in the EP laboratory were systematically analysed. Three hundred seven patients were analysed (30/35 W AI: n = 102, 50 W AI: n = 102, 90 W/4 s: n = 103). Skin-to-skin times [105.3 ± 22.7 (30/35 W AI) vs. 81.4 ± 21.3 (50 W AI) vs. 69.5 ± 12.2 (90 W/4 s) min, P ≤ 0.001] and total laboratory times (132.8 ± 42.1 vs. 107.4 ± 25.7 vs. 95.2 ± 14.0 min, P &lt; 0.001) significantly differed among the study groups. Laboratory interval analysis revealed significant shortening of mapping and ablation times. Arrhythmia-free survival after 12 months was not different among the study groups (log-rank P = 0.96).

Conclusion
The integration of high-density mapping and HPSD protocols into an institutional AF ablation process resulted in reduced procedure times without compromising safety or efficacy.
Grüneisen parameter formalism in the study of the Earth’s core formation: a sensitivity study
Authors: Clesi Vincent , Deguen Renaud 
Published: March 2024

SUMMARY
The Grüneisen parameter is an important parameter for the thermal state and evolution of the core, but its uncertainties and their implications are sometimes overlooked. Several formalisms using different parameters values have been used in different studies, making comparison between studies difficult. In this paper, we use previously published data sets to test the sensitivity of modelling the thermal state of the early core to the different formalisms and parameter values used to describe the evolution of the Grüneisen parameter with density. The temperature of the core obtained in our models is less sensitive to the uncertainties of the parameters used in Al’Tshuler et al. formalism than the uncertainties of the parameters used in Anderson formalism.
The philanthropic privatization of supranational justice?
Authors: Parau Cristina E 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In European Human Rights Justice and Privatisation, Gaëtan Cliquennois illustrates how a handful of tax-exempt philanthropic foundations, predominantly American, have redefined European courts to further their commercial agenda. Foundations such as the Open Society and Ford Foundation finance activist non-governmental organizations to carry out litigation that promotes the philanthropies’ preferred policy objectives, notably exemplified by systematic disregard for socio-economic human rights, which conflict with neoliberal principles. This review essay suggests that a deeper understanding of these dynamics can be achieved by moving beyond the philanthropic facade to view these benefactors not merely as neoliberals exploiting tax breaks for their lobbying activities, but more broadly as oligopolists converting their immense wealth into considerable non-majoritarian political power. Cliquennois’s findings reveal a situation less reminiscent of a “new Cold War” in lawfare, as he puts it, indicating a balanced contest, but rather a comprehensive Kulturkampf weaponizing supranational courts to undermine traditional Christian values and national sovereignty. Cliquennois encourages us to scrutinize the genuine philanthropic nature of these organizations, and, importantly, to assess their real effect on human rights, democracy, and the rule of law.
How Truth Commissions Can Effect Transformative Change in a Polarized Age
Authors: Sunga Seetal 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
Truth and reconciliation commissioners face the challenge of establishing legitimacy with survivors, victims and broader society, determining a way forward that will have longterm transformative impacts and completing their mandates. In this article, the author suggests ways for truth and reconciliation commissioners to ethically design activities around survivors voicing their experiences, creating space for management of fear, ethical learning, remembering and resurgence of epistemic resources. To do so, she engages with the work of several relational philosophers to propose areas of attention for newly appointed commissioners as they begin their work. How we understand memory, epistemic injustice, ethical fearing and calling in instead of calling out all lead the author to suggest that care around the design of processes around testimony, listening, sharing and responding will have the potential for transformation through the Truth and Reconciliation Commission’s activities.
On the Moments of the Number of Representations as Sums of Two Prime Squares
Authors: Sabuncu Cihan 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
We study the moments of the function that counts the number of representations of an integer as sums of two prime squares. We refine some of the previous arguments and apply the Selberg sieve to get an unconditional upper bound for all moments. We also prove a lower bound for all moments conditional on some generalization of the Green-Tao theorem on linear equations in primes. More precisely, for the fifth moment and onward, we get the expected order of magnitude lower and upper bounds. In addition, we provide some heuristics on the mass function of this representation function.
High CD62L expression predicts the generation of chimeric antigen receptor T cells with potent effector functions
Authors: Kasuya Hitomi , Zhang Haosong , Ito Yusuke , Yoshikawa Toshiaki , Nakashima Takahiro , Li Yang , Matsukawa Tetsuya , Inoue Satoshi , Kagoya Yuki 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The efficient generation of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells is highly influenced by the quality of apheresed T cells. Healthy donor-derived T cells usually proliferate better than patients-derived T cells and are precious resources to generate off-the-shelf CAR-T cells. However, relatively little is known about the determinants that affect the efficient generation of CAR-T cells from healthy donor-derived peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) compared with those from the patients’ own PBMCs. We here examined the efficiency of CAR-T cell generation from multiple healthy donor samples and analyzed its association with the phenotypic features of the starting peripheral blood T cells. We found that CD62L expression levels within CD8+ T cells were significantly correlated with CAR-T cell expansion. Moreover, high CD62L expression within naïve T cells was associated with the efficient expansion of T cells with a stem cell-like memory phenotype, an indicator of high-quality infusion products. Intriguingly, genetic disruption of CD62L significantly impaired CAR-T cell proliferation and cytokine production upon antigen stimulation. Conversely, ectopic expression of a shedding-resistant CD62L mutant augmented CAR-T cell effector functions compared to unmodified CAR-T cells, resulting in improved antitumor activity in vivo. Collectively, we identified the surface expression of CD62L as a concise indicator of potent T-cell proliferation. CD62L expression is also associated with the functional properties of CAR-T cells. These findings are potentially applicable to selecting optimal donors to massively generate CAR-T cell products.
Informally Governing International Development: G7 Coordination and Orchestration in Aid
Authors: Cormier Ben , Heinzel Mirko , Reinsberg Bernhard 
Published: March 2024

Abstracts
Informal groupings like the G7 aim to address global development challenges but lack the administrative and budgetary capacity to drive change directly. Instead, the G7 seeks to catalyze international action that reflects its priorities. For example, the G7 attempts to set the international development agenda by publishing annual communiqués with actionable commitments designed to influence the behavior of G7 donor countries, non-G7 donor countries, and international organizations. But questions about the G7’s ultimate impact persist, as critics contend the informal G7 can do little more than pay lip service to development challenges. We provide empirical evidence that the G7 shapes international development in two ways. First, when the G7 emphasizes a policy area in its annual communiqués, donors allocate more aid to that policy area. Second, when the G7 highlights a policy area in its annual communiqués, donors establish more trust funds in that policy area. This suggests the G7 serves simultaneous coordination and orchestration roles in international development: it coordinates its member states’ aid and orchestrates non-G7 bilateral and multilateral aid. The study’s theory, approach, and findings can inform further research on whether and how informal organizations ultimately affect states, formal international organizations, international cooperation, and global governance.