bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimize or satisfice in engineering design?
Authors: Guo Lin , Allen Janet K. , Mistree Farrokh 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we address the issue of whether to optimize or satisfice in model-based engineering design. When dealing with operations research problems in the context of engineering design, one may encounter (i) nonlinear, nonconvex objectives and constraints, (ii) objectives with different units, and (iii) computational models that are abstractions of reality and fidelity, Seeking a single-point optimal solution that meets the necessary and sufficient Karush–Kuhn–Tucker (KKT) conditions makes it impossible to obtain a solution that satisfies all the targeted goals. Instead, a method to identify satisficing solutions that satisfies necessary KKT condition but not the sufficient condition is proposed. These solutions are relatively robust, easy to acquire, and often good enough. In this paper, we demonstrate the combined use of the compromise Decision Support Problems and the adaptive linear programming algorithm, as proposed by Mistree and co-authors. This method is appropriate in formulating design problems and obtaining solutions that satisfy only the necessary KKT condition. Further, the use of the proposed method circumvents complications associated with the use of gradient-based optimization algorithms typically used to solve optimization problems. We discuss the efficacy of our proposed method using four test problems to illustrate how the satisficing strategy outperforms the optimizing strategy in model-based engineering design.
Analyzing microbial community and volatile compound profiles in the fermentation of cigar tobacco leaves
Authors: Zhang Mingzhu , Guo Dongfeng , Wang Haiqing , Wu Guanglong , Shi Yaqi , Zhou Jinlong , Zhao Eryong , Zheng Tianfei , Li Xingjiang 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Variations in industrial fermentation techniques have a significant impact on the fermentation of cigar tobacco leaves (CTLs), consequently influencing the aromatic attributes of the resulting cigars. The entire fermentation process of CTLs can be categorized into three distinct phases: phase 1 (CTLs prior to moisture regain), phase 2 (CTLs post-moisture regain and pile fermentation), and phase 3 (CTLs after fermentation and drying). These phases were determined based on the dynamic changes in microbial community diversity. During phase 2, there was a rapid increase in moisture and total acid content, which facilitated the proliferation of Aerococcus, a bacterial genus capable of utilizing reducing sugars, malic acid, and citric acid present in tobacco leaves. In contrast, fungal microorganisms exhibited a relatively stable response to changes in moisture and total acid, with Aspergillus, Alternaria, and Cladosporium being the dominant fungal groups throughout the fermentation stages. Bacterial genera were found to be more closely associated with variations in volatile compounds during fermentation compared to fungal microorganisms. This association ultimately resulted in higher levels of aroma components in CTLs, thereby improving the overall quality of the cigars. These findings reinforce the significance of industrial fermentation in shaping CTL quality and provide valuable insights for future efforts in the artificial regulation of secondary fermentation in CTLs.

Key points
• Industrial fermentation processes impact CTLs microbial communities.
• Moisture and total acid content influence microbial community succession in fermentation.
• Bacterial microorganisms strongly influence CTLs’ aldehyde and ketone flavors over fungi.
Secretory IgA reduced the ergosterol contents of Candida albicans to repress its hyphal growth and virulence
Authors: Wang Jiannan , Shen Jiawei , Chen Ding , Liao Binyou , Chen Xi , Zong Yawen , Wei Yu , Shi Yangyang , Liu Yaqi , Gou Lichen , Zhou Xuedong , Cheng Lei , Ren Biao 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Candida albicans, one of the most prevalent conditional pathogenic fungi, can cause local superficial infections and lethal systemic infections, especially in the immunocompromised population. Secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) is an important immune protein regulating the pathogenicity of C. albicans. However, the actions and mechanisms that sIgA exerts directly against C. albicans are still unclear. Here, we investigated that sIgA directs against C. albicans hyphal growth and virulence to oral epithelial cells. Our results indicated that sIgA significantly inhibited C. albicans hyphal growth, adhesion, and damage to oral epithelial cells compared with IgG. According to the transcriptome and RT-PCR analysis, sIgA significantly affected the ergosterol biosynthesis pathway. Furthermore, sIgA significantly reduced the ergosterol levels, while the addition of exogenous ergosterol restored C. albicans hyphal growth and adhesion to oral epithelial cells, indicating that sIgA suppressed the growth of hyphae and the pathogenicity of C. albicans by reducing its ergosterol levels. By employing the key genes mutants (erg11Δ/Δ, erg3Δ/Δ, and erg3Δ/Δ erg11Δ/Δ) from the ergosterol pathway, sIgA lost the hyphal inhibition on these mutants, while sIgA also reduced the inhibitory effects of erg11Δ/Δ and erg3Δ/Δ and lost the inhibition of erg3Δ/Δ erg11Δ/Δ on the adhesion to oral epithelial cells, further proving the hyphal repression of sIgA through the ergosterol pathway. We demonstrated for the first time that sIgA inhibited C. albicans hyphal development and virulence by affecting ergosterol biosynthesis and suggest that ergosterol is a crucial regulator of C. albicans-host cell interactions.

Key points
• sIgA repressed C. albicans hyphal growth
• sIgA inhibited C. albicans virulence to host cells
• sIgA affected C. albicans hyphae and virulence by reducing its ergosterol levels
The non-mevalonate pathway requires a delicate balance of intermediates to maximize terpene production
Authors: Raghavan Indu , Juman Rosheena , Wang Zhen Q. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Terpenes are valuable industrial chemicals whose demands are increasingly being met by bioengineering microbes such as E. coli. Although the bioengineering efforts commonly involve installing the mevalonate (MVA) pathway in E. coli for terpene production, the less studied methylerythritol phosphate (MEP) pathway is a more attractive target due to its higher energy efficiency and theoretical yield, despite its tight regulation. In this study, we integrated an additional copy of the entire MEP pathway into the E. coli genome for stable, marker-free terpene production. The genomically integrated strain produced more monoterpene geraniol than a plasmid-based system. The pathway genes’ transcription was modulated using different promoters to produce geraniol as the reporter of the pathway flux. Pathway genes, including dxs, idi, and ispDF, expressed from a medium-strength promoter, led to the highest geraniol production. Quantifying the MEP pathway intermediates revealed that the highest geraniol producers had high levels of isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP) and dimethylallyl pyrophosphate (DMAPP), but moderate levels of the pathway intermediates upstream of these two building blocks. A principal component analysis demonstrated that 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate (DXP), the product of the first enzyme of the pathway, was critical for determining the geraniol titer, whereas MEP, the product of DXP reductoisomerase (Dxr or IspC), was the least essential. This work shows that an intricate balance of the MEP pathway intermediates determines the terpene yield in engineered E. coli. The genetically stable and intermediate-balanced strains created in this study will serve as a chassis for producing various terpenes.

Key points
• Genome-integrated MEP pathway afforded higher strain stability
• Genome-integrated MEP pathway produced more terpene than the plasmid-based system
• High monoterpene production requires a fine balance of MEP pathway intermediates
Predicting and optimizing marketing performance in dynamic markets
Authors: Guhl Daniel , Paetz Friederike , Wagner Udo , Wedel Michel 
Published: February 2024

AbstractOur world is turbulent: ecological, social, political, technological, economic, and competitive business environments change constantly. Consumers have changing preferences, learn, build trust in brands, adopt new products, and are persuaded by advertising. Firms innovate and engage in and respond to competition. Exogenous events, such as changes in economic conditions and regulations, as well as human crises, also cause major shifts in markets. This special issue focuses on novel Marketing data and modern methodologies from different fields (e.g., Operations Research (OR), Statistics, Econometrics, and Computer Science), which help firms understand, utilize, and respond to market dynamics more efficiently. Here we propose a framework comprising analytical methods and data for dynamic markets that is useful for structuring research in this domain. Next, we summarize the history of the Marketing/OR interface. We highlight studies at the Marketing/OR interface from the last decade focusing specifically on dynamic markets and use our proposed framework to identify trends and gaps in the extant literature. After that, we present and summarize the papers of the current special issue and their contributions to the field against the backdrop of our framework and the trends in the literature. Finally, we conclude and discuss which future Marketing/OR research could tackle important issues in dynamic markets.
Die Geschichte des implantierbaren Kardioverter-Defibrillators in Deutschland
Authors: Block Michael , Klein Helmut U. 
Published: February 2024

ZusammenfassungDer implantierbare Kardioverter-Defibrillator (ICD) war ein Durchbruch in der Prävention des plötzlichen Herztodes. Nach jahrelanger technischer Entwicklung durch Michel Mirowski erfolgten trotz vieler Widerstände in den USA 1980 erste Implantationen. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass Kammerflimmern zuverlässig durch den ICD automatisch erkannt und defibrilliert wurde. Knapp 4 Jahre nach den USA begannen mehrere Zentren, in Deutschland ICDs zu implantieren. Bald wurden außerhalb der USA in Deutschland die meisten Patienten versorgt. Die absolute Zahl der Implantationen war weiterhin klein, solange nur Implantationen mittels Thorakotomie und epikardialen Defibrillationselektroden möglich waren. Anfang der 1990er Jahre konnte ein ICD pektoral, wie ein Schrittmacher, in Kombination mit einer transvenösen Defibrillationselektrode implantiert werden. Die Implantationszahlen stiegen sprunghaft an. Die klinische Forschung in Deutschland begleitete die technischen Fortentwicklungen und hier erfolgten viele First-in-human-Studien. In den USA und Deutschland wurden 1991 erste Leitlinien zur Indikation herausgegeben. Randomisierte Studien zur Mortalität, zumeist unter amerikanischer Leitung mit deutscher Beteiligung, aber auch unter deutscher Leitung (CASH, CAT, DINAMIT, IRIS), wurden zwischen 1996 und 2009 publiziert. Die Ergebnisse dieser lang zurückliegenden Studien wurden 2016 in Frage gestellt, als die DANISH-Studie keine signifikante Verbesserung der Mortalität ergab. Die Implantationszahlen sind seitdem rückläufig. Derzeit wird daran geforscht, genau die Patienten zu versorgen, die trotz optimaler Therapie vor dem plötzlichen Herztod geschützt werden müssen. Risikoscores unter Einbeziehung myokardialer Narben in der Magnetresonanztomographie (MRT) und genetischer Information sollen hierzu beitragen.
White matter brain age as a biomarker of cerebrovascular burden in the ageing brain
Authors: Du Jing , Pan Yuangang , Jiang Jiyang , Lam Ben C. P. , Thalamuthu Anbupalam , Chen Rory , Tsang Ivor W. , Sachdev Perminder S. , Wen Wei 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAs the brain ages, it almost invariably accumulates vascular pathology, which differentially affects the cerebral white matter. A rich body of research has investigated the link between vascular risk factors and the brain. One of the less studied questions is that among various modifiable vascular risk factors, which is the most debilitating one for white matter health? A white matter specific brain age was developed to evaluate the overall white matter health from diffusion weighted imaging, using a three-dimensional convolutional neural network deep learning model in both cross-sectional UK biobank participants (n = 37,327) and a longitudinal subset (n = 1409). White matter brain age gap (WMBAG) was the difference between the white matter age and the chronological age. Participants with one, two, and three or more vascular risk factors, compared to those without any, showed an elevated WMBAG of 0.54, 1.23, and 1.94 years, respectively. Diabetes was most strongly associated with an increased WMBAG (1.39 years, p < 0.001) among all risk factors followed by hypertension (0.87 years, p < 0.001) and smoking (0.69 years, p < 0.001). Baseline WMBAG was associated significantly with processing speed, executive and global cognition. Significant associations of diabetes and hypertension with poor processing speed and executive function were found to be mediated through the WMBAG. White matter specific brain age can be successfully targeted for the examination of the most relevant risk factors and cognition, and for tracking an individual’s cerebrovascular ageing process. It also provides clinical basis for the better management of specific risk factors.
Burden of disease in Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome: taking the patient’s perspective
Authors: Lehnerer Sophie , Herdick Meret , Stegherr Regina , Gerischer Lea , Stascheit Frauke , Stein Maike , Mergenthaler Philipp , Hoffmann Sarah , Meisel Andreas 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS) is an autoimmune-mediated neuromuscular disorder leading to muscle weakness, autonomic dysregulation and hyporeflexia. Psychosocial well-being is affected. Previously, we assessed burden of disease for Myasthenia gravis (MG). Here, we aim to elucidate burden of disease by comparing health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of patients with LEMS to the general population (genP) as well as MG patients.

Methods
A questionnaire-based survey included sociodemographic and clinical data along with standardized questionnaires, e.g. the Short Form Health (SF-36). HRQoL was evaluated through matched-pairs analyses. Participants from a general health survey served as control group.

Results
46 LEMS patients matched by age and gender were compared to 92 controls from the genP and a matched cohort of 92 MG patients. LEMS participants showed lower levels of physical functioning (SF-36 mean 34.2 SD 28.6) compared to genP (mean 78.6 SD 21.1) and MG patients (mean 61.3 SD 31.8). LEMS patients showed lower mental health sub-scores compared to genP (SF-36 mean 62.7 SD 20.2, vs. 75.7 SD 15.1) and MG patients (SF-36 mean 62.7 SD 20.2, vs. 66.0 SD 18.). Depression, anxiety and fatigue were prevalent. Female gender, low income, lower activities of daily living, symptoms of depression, anxiety and fatigue were associated with a lower HRQoL in LEMS.

Discussion
HRQoL is lower in patients with LEMS compared to genP and MG in a matched pair-analysis. The burden of LEMS includes economic and social aspects as well as emotional well-being.

Trial Registration Information
drks.de: DRKS00024527, submitted: February 02, 2021, https://drks.de/search/en/trial/DRKS00024527.
Genetic and histological analysis intraplacental choriocarcinoma: a case report
Authors: Takano Natsuko , Takamura Masashi , Mizuno Yosuke , Mizuno Yumi , Tamaru Shunsuke , Nakamura Kohei , Soma Hiroaki , Kajihara Takeshi 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWe report on single case of intraplacental choriocarcinoma (IC) coexisting with feto-maternal hemorrhage from our hospital, a rare malignant tumor that occurs in the chorionic villous trophoblast. To investigate genetic and epigenetic changes to the carcinogenesis of IC, we employed cancer gene panel analysis and whole methylation analysis from a recent case of IC. By Short Tandem Repeats analysis, we confirmed that the tumor of present IC was derived from concurrent normal chorionic villous trophoblast cells. No mutation was found in 145 cancer-related genes. Meanwhile, amplification in MDM2 gene was observed. Furthermore, we observed deferentially methylated CpG sites between tumor and surrounding normal placenta in present IC case. These observations suggest that IC might be arisen as a result of aberrations of methylation rather than of DNA mutations. Further studies are needed to clarify association between aberrant methylation and choriocarcinogenesis.
A Multiparametric MRI-based Radiomics Model for Stratifying Postoperative Recurrence in Luminal B Breast Cancer
Authors: Xu Kepei , Hua Meiqi , Mai Ting , Ren Xiaojing , Fang Xiaozheng , Wang Chunjie , Ge Min , Qian Hua , Xu Maosheng , Zhang Ruixin 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This study aims to develop an MRI-based radiomics model to assess the likelihood of recurrence in luminal B breast cancer. The study analyzed medical images and clinical data from 244 patients with luminal B breast cancer. Of 244 patients, 35 had experienced recurrence and 209 had not. The patients were randomly divided into the training set (51.5 ± 12.5 years old; n = 171) and the test set (51.7 ± 11.3 years old; n = 73) in a ratio of 7:3. The study employed univariate and multivariate Cox regression along with the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression methods to select radiomics features and calculate a risk score. A combined model was constructed by integrating the risk score with the clinical and pathological characteristics. The study identified two radiomics features (GLSZM and GLRLM) from DCE-MRI that were used to calculate a risk score. The AUCs were 0.860 and 0.868 in the training set and 0.816 and 0.714 in the testing set for 3- and 5-year recurrence risk, respectively. The combined model incorporating the risk score, pN, and endocrine therapy showed improved predictive power, with AUCs of 0.857 and 0.912 in the training set and 0.943 and 0.945 in the testing set for 3- and 5-year recurrence risk, respectively. The calibration curve of the combined model showed good consistency between predicted and measured values. Our study developed an MRI-based radiomics model that integrates clinical and radiomics features to assess the likelihood of recurrence in luminal B breast cancer. The model shows promise for improving clinical risk stratification and treatment decision-making.
Topological deep learning: a review of an emerging paradigm
Authors: Zia Ali , Khamis Abdelwahed , Nichols James , Tayab Usman Bashir , Hayder Zeeshan , Rolland Vivien , Stone Eric , Petersson Lars 
Published: February 2024

AbstractTopological deep learning (TDL) is an emerging area that combines the principles of Topological data analysis (TDA) with deep learning techniques. TDA provides insight into data shape; it obtains global descriptions of multi-dimensional data whilst exhibiting robustness to deformation and noise. Such properties are desirable in deep learning pipelines, but they are typically obtained using non-TDA strategies. This is partly caused by the difficulty of combining TDA constructs (e.g. barcode and persistence diagrams) with current deep learning algorithms. Fortunately, we are now witnessing a growth of deep learning applications embracing topologically-guided components. In this survey, we review the nascent field of topological deep learning by first revisiting the core concepts of TDA. We then explore how the use of TDA techniques has evolved over time to support deep learning frameworks, and how they can be integrated into different aspects of deep learning. Furthermore, we touch on TDA usage for analyzing existing deep models; deep topological analytics. Finally, we discuss the challenges and future prospects of topological deep learning.
From regional climate models to usable information
Authors: Jebeile Julie 
Published: February 2024

AbstractToday, a major challenge for climate science is to overcome what is called the “usability gap” between the projections derived fromclimate models and the needs of the end-users. Regional Climate Models (RCMs) are expected to provide usable information concerning a variety of impacts and for a wide range of end-users. It is often assumed that the development of more accurate, more complex RCMs with higher spatial resolution should bring process understanding and better local projections, thus overcoming the usability gap. In this paper, I rather assume that the credibility of climate information should be pursued together with two other criteria of usability, which are salience and legitimacy. Based on the Swiss climate change scenarios, I study the attempts at meeting the needs of end-users and outline the trade-off modellers and users have to face with respect to the cascade of uncertainty. A conclusion of this paper is that the trade-off between salience and credibility sets the conditions under which RCMs can be deemed adequate for the purposes of addressing the needs of end-users and gearing the communication of the projections toward direct use and action.
Meaning and subjectivity in the PISA mathematics frameworks: a sociological approach
Authors: Beccuti Francesco 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSocial institutions function not only by reproducing specific practices but also by reproducing discourses endowing such practices with meaning. The latter in turn is related to the development of the identities or subjectivities of those who live and thrive within such institutions. Meaning and subjectivity are therefore significant sociological categories involved in the functioning of complex social phenomena such as that of mathematical instruction. The present paper provides a discursive analysis centered on these categories of the influential OECD’s PISA mathematics frameworks. As we shall see, meaning as articulated by the OECD primarily stresses the utilitarian value of mathematics to individuals and to society at large. Furthermore, molding students’ subjectivities towards endorsing such articulation of meaning is emphasized as an educational objective, either explicitly or implicitly, as connected to the OECD’s definition of mathematical literacy. Therefore, the OECD’s discourses do not only serve to reproduce the type of mathematical instruction implied in the organization’s services concerning education, but also concomitantly provide a potentially most effective educational technology through which the demand of these very services may be reproduced.