bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermally tunable metasurface for phase dynamic controlling of terahertz wave
Authors: Zhang Zhendong , Li Yan , Cheng Kaixiang , Deng Duo , Wang Xiaosai , Liu Yi 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Metasurface, spatiotemporal metasurface and tunable metasurface have attracted more and more attention in the fields of communication, polarization image and terahertz detection. Numerous tunable metasurfaces have been proposed recently for generating a diverse array of applications. However, many proposed tunable metasurfaces have been limited to a single state switching function, which has severely hampered their development. In this paper, eight meta-atoms were designed by employing the InSb, that dielectric constant could be modulated by temperature. Consequently, the phase delay of the meta-atoms is various under different temperature. Thus, two thermally tunable metasurfaces were proposed. At 260 K, the InSb-based dynamic vortex beam generator can generate a vortex beam with topological charge of l = 1 at 2.25 THz. Correspondingly, at 180 K, the metasurface exhibits a phase coverage of 4π and the topological charge of generated beam is converted from l = 1 to l = 2. With decreasing of the temperature, the phase gradient between the proposed meta-atom increases. Therefore, a phase gradient metasurface was proposed to generate light beam with adjustable direction. This proposed metasurface could provide a valuable scheme for developing tunable devices and terahertz metasurfaces.
Properties of liquid phase deposited aluminium oxide thin film on black silicon fabricated by aluminium-assisted chemical etching
Authors: Omotayo Suleman Kazim , Burhan Nuranis Liyana Muhamad , Mohd Rashid Mohd Marzaini , Pakhuruddin Mohd Zamir 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This work studies the antireflection properties of liquid phase deposited aluminium oxide (LPD-Al2O3) thin film on black silicon (b-Si) fabricated by aluminium-assisted chemical etching (AACE). The morphological and optical characteristics of the LPD-Al2O3 are subsequently illustrated. The weighted average reflection (

R

avg

%) of mono c-Si is reduced from 44.9% to 33.7% (within 300–1100 nm wavelength region) after the deposition of the LPD-Al2O3. Alternatively, the

R

avg

of b-Si is reduced from 9.4% to 7.6% when deposited with LPD-Al2O3. Based on the absorption result, potential

J

sc
(
max
)

for the planar c-Si is shown to increase from 22.5 mA cm−2 to 26.3 mA cm−2 after the deposition of LPD-Al2O3. Besides, the calculated potential

J

sc
(
max
)

for the b-Si increased from 35.5 mA cm−2 to 36.2 mA cm−2 after the deposition of the LPD-Al2O3.
Evaluation of radiation shielding characteristics of B4C, Fe2O3, Al2O3, and their composites
Authors: Reda A M , Alazouny A S , Abu-Elsaad N I 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The growing use of nuclear radiation and the harmful effects of radiation exposure underscore the need for continued research into materials for radiation shielding. In the current study, shielding features of B4C, Fe2O3, Al2O3, and their composites (xB4C/yFe2O3/zAl2O3, x:y:z = 1:1:1, 3:4:3, and 3:3:4 wt%) were evaluated. The samples were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and x-ray diffraction (XRD). The gamma shielding parameters for the samples were determined using the Phy-X/PSD program. The results indicate that the sample S2 (Fe2O3) has a higher capacity to absorb γ-rays than the other analyzed samples. This is also supported by the notably lower mean free path and half-value layer values for S2 compared to the other samples. The experimental values of MAC for bulk and nano-samples at energy 0.662 MeV emitted from 137Cs isotope have been compared. Additionally, sample S1 (B4C) demonstrates significantly higher fast neutron attenuation than the other samples with a removal attenuation coefficient of 0.095 cm−1. Moreover, Thermal neutron scattering cross-sections of prepared samples were calculated for neutron energy of 0.025 eV with a neutron flux of 108 n/cm2/s. Therefore, the study found that thickness 1 mm of S1 sample prevented 67% of the incident neutrons, while thickness 2 mm was able to prevent almost all neutrons, which indicates that S1 sample is better compared to the other investigated samples. Meanwhile, the results indicate that the composites S4, S5, and S6 are highly efficient in shielding both gamma rays and neutrons.
Observation of doubled edge states in extended Su-Schrieffer-Heeger electric circuits with long-range coupling interactions
Authors: Yin Qihua , Li Haopeng , Jiang Kuncheng , Guo Shengqun , Huang Ruimin , Qiu Weibin 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In this work, we construct extended SSH(eSSH) circuit models with long-range coupling. Based on the theoretical and experimental results, we verify that the eSSH model with long-range coupling interactions has additional quantized winding number equal to two and contains two edge states at each side. We further discuss the existence of edge states for different lattice-hopping scenarios. Our work not only substantiates the existence of doubled edge states in eSSH circuits, but also enriches the study of circuit systems for long-range coupling.
Microstructure, mechanical properties, and corrosion behavior of novel antibacterial Ti-25Nb-xCu for dental implant
Authors: Annur Dhyah , Bilbusyra Syafian Falih , Nuraini Lutviasari , Sutowo Cahya , Senopati Galih , Gusnaniar Niar , Widiyarti Galuh , Prajatelistiya Ekavianty , Thaha Yudi Nugraha 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The growing demand for innovative metallic biomaterials for replacing and repairing dental tissue has increased due to the increasing number of people in the aging population and the expectation for an improved quality of life. In this study, a series of novel Ti-25Nb-xCu (25 and x = 3, 6, and 9, are in wt%) alloys were fabricated by powder metallurgy processing in an argon atmosphere. The Nb content was fixed at 25 wt%, while the Cu content was varied. The sintering temperature was 1300 °C, and the holding time was 4 h. Physical characterization, microstructure, mechanical (hardness) properties, and corrosion behavior were observed. The microstructure of the Ti-25Nb-xCu alloys consists of α-Ti, β-Ti phases, and the precipitation of Ti2Cu. The lower content of Cu (Ti-25Nb-3Cu) would have a lamellar structure, while the higher content of Cu (Ti-25Nb-6Cu and Ti-25Nb-9Cu) would have a more equiaxed structure. The increasing percentage of Cu would increase the mechanical properties. As for the corrosion behavior, adding Cu did not significantly affect the corrosion resistance, but Ti-25Nb-6Cu was shown to have the highest corrosion resistance. Furthermore, Ti-25Nb-6Cu exhibited higher antibacterial performance. Therefore, Ti-25Nb-6Cu was shown to be a promising material for dental implants.
Disformal gravitational waves
Authors: Achour Jibril Ben , Gorji Mohammad Ali , Roussille Hugo 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Contrary to conformal transformations, disformal transformations can change the principal null directions of a spacetime geometry. Thus, depending on the frame a gravitational wave (GW) detector minimally couples to, the properties of GWs may change under a disformal transformation. In this paper, we provide necessary and sufficient conditions which determine whether GWs change under disformal transformations or not. Our argument is coordinate-independent and can be applied to any spacetime geometry at the fully non-linear level. As an example, we show that an exact radiative solution of massless Einstein-scalar gravity which admits only shear-free parallel transported frame is mapped to a disformed geometry which does not possess any shear-free parallel transported frame. This radiative geometry and its disformed counterpart provide a concrete example of the possibility to generate tensorial GWs from a disformal transformation at the fully non-linear level. This type of non-linear effect can be completely overlooked in the usual linear perturbation theory.
Full next-to-leading order calculations to Dark matter pair production in the Leptoquark plus Dark matter model
Authors: He dazhuang , Zhang Yu , Sun Hao 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The processes involving leptons plus missing energy (and jets) at lepton colliders (electron-positron and muon colliders) are studied within the Leptoquarks+dark matter\red{(DM)} model.&#xD;We calculate the full next-to-leading order(NLO) corrections including QCD, EW and ISR for heavy DM pair production, then the heavy DM cascade decay to \red{a} stable DM and SM fermions.&#xD;Large logarithmic effects due to collinear ISR and EW virtual corrections are emphasized.&#xD;Additionally, we emphasize that NLO corrections become increasingly significant with higher $\sqrt{s}$.&#xD;However, for larger NLO corrections in high $\sqrt{s}$, the EW corrections are dominate instead of the QCD corrections. &#xD;The significance of the signals can be enhanced by applying a series of kinematic cuts. &#xD;By implementing the NLO corrections factor, the significance of signals processes could further improved by about 40\% and 20\% \red{for $\chi_0 b \nu_{\tau}$ and $\chi_0 c \tau$ channels}, at 10 TeV muon collider.
Impact of Yacora evaluated molecular effective rate coefficients on detached SOLPS-ITER simulations
Authors: Bryant J. , McKay K. , Harrison J.R. , Moulton D. , Verhaegh K. , Cowley C. , Bergmayr R.C. , Fantz U. , Wünderlich D. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Presently, SOLPS-ITER does not replicate the levels of plasma-molecular interactions seen during deep detachment on the Super-X divertors of MAST-Upgrade and TCV. At low temperatures (

T

e

<
1

eV

) relevant to deep detachment, the AMJUEL reaction database contains discrepancies for detachment relevant molecular processes. In order to correct this the vibrationally resolved ground state Yacora model for H
2 (Yacora

H

2

(

X

1

,
v
)

) has been used to calculate the vibrational distribution and thus from the cross-sections of the Yacora

H

2

(

X

1

,
v
)

model effective rate coefficients for these molecular processes. Reduced and extended implementations of Yacora

H

2

(

X

1

,
v
)

were constructed to form EIRENE-style databases for use in SOLPS-ITER. The reduced implementation utilises the same processes as EIRENE, but with updated cross-sectional data, whilst the extended implementation adds additional processes. The improved cross-sectional data lowers the threshold for molecular charge exchange (MCX) compared to AMJUEL, whilst the inclusion of the additional processes boosts the vibrational excitation in the molecular ground state providing the additional excitation energy required for MCX to be significant at low temperatures (

T

e

<
5

eV

). When applied to a SOLPS-ITER isolated divertor leg setup, both implementations produce greater levels of MCX that result in elevated molecular ion densities (

D

2

+

) than the default rate setup. The higher levels of

D

2

+

contribute to detachment via increased levels of Molecular Activated Recombination and Molecular Activated Dissociation. These plasma-molecular interactions elevate the neutral population. During detachment this has a strong impact on power and momentum losses, as well as elevated levels of Balmer α line emission and an earlier onset of the ion target flux rollover. These effects are strongest when the extended database is used.
Time-resolved, physics-informed neural networks for tokamak total emission reconstruction and modelling
Authors: Rossi R. , Murari A. , Craciunescu T. , Wyss I. , Mazon D. , Pau A. , Costantini A. , Gelfusa M. ,   JET Contributors,   the EUROfusion Tokamak Exploitation Team
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Diagnostics play a pivotal role in nuclear fusion experimental reactors, supporting physical studies, modelling, and plasma control. However, most diagnostics provide limited and partial information about the plasma’s status. For instance, magnetic probes measure only external magnetic fields, while interferometers, polarimeters, and bolometers deliver line-integrated measurements, necessitating specific inversion algorithms to extract local information. In the case of bolometers, tomographic inversions are particularly complex due to the variety of radiative patterns observed, with regularization equations often only weakly approximating the intricate physics involved. To address these challenges, it is essential to develop innovative algorithms that enhance the accuracy of the inversion processes, thereby ensuring reliable results for physics understanding, modelling, and plasma control. This work introduces new methodologies based on Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) to perform time-resolved emission tomography from bolometer data. These methodologies are first evaluated using synthetic cases (phantoms) and compared with one of the most advanced tomographic inversion techniques in the literature. Subsequently, they are applied to reconstruct specific radiative anomalies, such as Edge Localized Modes, Multifaceted Asymmetric Radiation from the Edge, and excessive core radiation leading to temperature hollowness at the Joint European Torus. The study demonstrates that PINNs not only enhance the overall accuracy of tomographic inversions but also offer advanced capabilities like super-resolution, data projection, and self-modelling. These features make time-resolved PINNs a valuable tool for analysing radiative patterns in transient phenomena. Although this work only considers tomography, the technology is perfectly suited to tackle any kind of inverse problem and can therefore provide significant benefits for both research and practical applications in nuclear fusion.
Preparation and Thermal Aging Properties of Nano-Modified Alkylbenzene Insulating Oil
Authors: Liao Jianping , Yang Huo , Liu Zhifeng , Gao Fan , Xu Yongye , Zhu Zhiping 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The implementation of submarine cables is more and more widespread with the rapid economic development of the island economy. Insulating oil is one of the core materials of submarine cables, but domestic alkylbenzene insulating oil is limited to 220 kV, the alkylbenzene insulating oil used for the ultra-high voltage submarine cables above 500 kV is imported. In order to replace imported oil, nano-modified alkylbenzene insulating oil was prepared by modifying SiO2 nanoparticles with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) in this study. A comparative analysis was conducted to evaluate the thermal aging properties of this oil and imported T3788 oil. The results show that the nano-modified insulating oil has a lower acid number, dielectric loss factor after aging, and the decrease of interfacial tension is the smallest. This indicates that the heat aging resistance of nano-modified insulating oil is stronger than that of imported T3788 oil, which offers a new reference for the selection of insulating oil for submarine cables in the future.
Effect of Oblique Laser Shock Peening on Fretting Fatigue of FGH95 Powder Superalloy
Authors: Qu Xiangming , Wang Wenjun , Zhao Yanyun , Cao Jun , Zhu Haiyan , Guo Xiaojun , Wang Xu , Zhang Yongkang 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Due to the high-frequency vibration contact of blade tenon, the contact surface of the mortise surface of the turbine disk is prone to fretting wear and fatigue fracture. The effects of shock times of Oblique Laser Shock Peening (LSP) and temperature on the fretting fatigue properties were studied. The fretting fatigue life of Oblique LSP treated samples at room temperature could be increased by 103.0%; At high temperatures, the fretting fatigue life could be increased by 68.5%. Through the analysis of fracture morphology, the fracture developing zone of fretting fatigue and tensile fatigue samples were compared. It is revealed that the wear in the transverse contact pads would promote the initiation of fatigue cracks; Due to the compressive force of the transverse contact pads, the degree of plastic deformation of the fretting specimens would increase, the quasi-cleavage facets appeared, and the tear ridge characteristics were obvious. The results of this paper provide a reference for the Oblique LSP of the FGH95 powder superalloy turbine disk and other aero-engine parts.
Preparation of Amphiphilic Biosilica for Oil Recovery Enhancement
Authors: Wang Yanxin , Liu Hua , Bi Longxue , Liu Wenlin , Sheng Li 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
SiO2 nanofluid is frequently employed to enhance the extraction of crude oil. The enhancement of the stability of nano-sized SiO2 and its affinity for oil droplets is crucial to the advancement of this technology. By using ring-opening polymerization (ROP) and atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), a polypeptide-containing triblock copolymer of poly (ethylene glycol)-b-poly (L-lysine)-b-poly (styrene) (PEG-b-PLL-b-PS) was synthesized and characterized by 1H NMR, FTIR, and GPC. After a mild biomimetic synthesis process, the amphiphilic biosilica particles were successfully prepared. The oil displacement efficiency of the resultant SiO2 nanofluid can exceed 65%.
Study on the Properties and Strengthening Treatment of Recycled Aggregates
Authors: Liu Ting , Yan Xiaohui , Zhang Bei 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Concrete material is the basic material of infrastructure construction, and its dosage is quite large. With the development of society, environmental protection, energy saving, resource recycling, and recycling have aroused people’s great attention. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the recycling of building material resources. Based on the research status of recycled coarse aggregate concrete at home and abroad, this paper summarizes the quality evaluation and grade classification of recycled coarse aggregate, physical strengthening, chemical strengthening, microbial sedimentation and other methods to improve the performance of recycled coarse aggregate, and analyzes the existing problems and further research content.
Preparation and Properties of Functionally Graded Lightweight High Insulation Materials
Authors: Wei Xiaoxing , Lu Wenhao , Li Xingdou , Huang Zhixiong , Liu Hechen , Zhang Jinyin , Xiao Xiang , Li Le 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In this study, functional gradient epoxy resin /high-performance composite foam was prepared, and its properties and structural characteristics were studied. By changing the ratio of epoxy resin and high-performance composite materials, the layered control of material density and structure was achieved during the preparation process, thereby achieving optimization of material performance. The results show that the prepared lightweight composite foam based on functionally graded epoxy resin has high strength, high modulus, low density, and excellent energy absorption properties. Through the analysis of the water diffusion leakage current experiment and partial discharge experiment, it is proved that the material has excellent structural characteristics, such as a layered structure. In addition, the effects of functional gradient changes of different types and contents on material properties and structures were also studied, and it was found that appropriate changes can significantly improve material properties and structures. This study may provide a theoretical and practical basis for the research and development of more excellent lightweight composite materials.
Research and Engineering Application on Impact and Abrasion Resistance of CW Elastic Epoxy Mortar
Authors: Zhang Liang , Shao Xiaomei , Li Faquan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Using epoxy mortar for coating protection is one of the effective ways to improve the impact and abrasion resistance of hydraulic structures. For the sake of improving the impact and abrasion resistance of ordinary epoxy mortar, high-toughness epoxy resin, low-exothermic curing agent, graded fillers, and other raw materials were used to prepare CW elastic epoxy mortar and the mechanical properties of elastic epoxy mortar were compared with other epoxy mortars. Moreover, the structural characteristics of elastic epoxy mortar were analyzed using SEM, and the engineering application cases of the material were introduced. Verified by the practical results, CW elastic epoxy mortar has an excellent performance in impact and abrasion-resistant protection for large-flow and high-water head structures such as stilling basins and plunge pools and has good application prospects.
Analysis and Suggestion on the Abnormal Concentrations in Influent of a Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) in the South
Authors: Wang Xiaojiang , Lin Wu , Wang Weimian , Luo Sushuang , Li Fangling , Liu Yang , Han Qi 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
To address the issue of abnormal influent concentration at a wastewater treatment plant in the southern region, this study established 4 key monitoring points along the influent pipeline network. Over a specific period, 12 water quality monitoring activities were carried out to assess the variations in water quality throughout the sewer network, identify the factors contributing to abnormal influent concentration, and propose mitigation measures for the plant. The results revealed that the primary contributors to excessive concentration at the plant were COD and total nitrogen, with the most significant points of excess being #2 and #4. These areas, located in close proximity to the main excessive points, were densely populated by industrial establishments, particularly in sectors such as electronic circuit manufacturing, metal surface treatment, and PCB production, which may present risks of inadequate treatment or unauthorized discharge. Recommendations included optimizing operational parameters at the wastewater treatment plant, enhancing the source-to-sewer rainwater diversion network by the water department, and implementing improved early warning, forecasting, and source tracking measures by the environmental protection department to ensure overall enhancement of the water quality in the city.
Study on the Coupling and Coordination Relationship between Ecological Services and Community Development in Nature Reserves
Authors: Xu Dongping , Tong Yao , Lu Qiuling , Tian Liang 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Starting from the perspective of the harmonious coexistence of man and land, we construct a comprehensive evaluation index system of coupling coordination, study the coupling coordination relationship of “ecological service-community development” in nature reserves, and analyze the driving factors affecting the coupling coordination relationship. The study shows that: (1) the coupling degree indicates that the “ecological service-community development” of the nature reserves in the case shows a high level of coupling, and the main factors affecting the coupling state are mainly the sub-indicators of the ecological service system. (2) The degree of coordination shows significant differences in the degree of coordination of the nature reserves. The driving factors of protected areas in different coordinated development states are different, the driving factors of highly coordinated protected areas are mainly the proportion of tourism and the degree of spatial aggregation of the community; the driving factors of moderately coordinated nature reserves are mainly the proportion of tourism and the abundance of green tourism resources; and the driving factors of lowly coordinated nature reserves are mainly the degree of aggregation of the community and the average elevation. (3) The results of the synergistic effect show that only Yinghu Wetland Provincial Nature Reserve is the leading type of “community development”; the leading type of “ecological service” mainly includes Micangshan National Nature Reserve and Nangongshan National Geopark; The “synchronized development” type is mainly Hanzhong Crested Ibis National Nature Reserves, Shiquan Yanxiang Cave Geopark and Liping National Forest Park.