bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ceramic inlays for restoring posterior teeth*
Authors: Hayashi M. 
Published: March 2008

Citation: Hayashi M, Yeung CA. Ceramic inlays for restoring posterior teeth (Cochrane Review). In: The Cochrane Library, Issue 1, 2004. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Background: In recent decades ceramic inlays have been used with the increasing requirements from patients for tooth‐coloured restorations in posterior teeth. Ceramic inlays can offer an excellent appearance. However, their long‐term prognosis is uncertain, as only a few studies have reported the long‐term clinical performance of these restorations. Objectives:T o compare the effectiveness of ceramic inlays in posterior teeth with other posterior restorations. Search strategy: We conducted an electronic search of the Cochrane Oral Health Group Trials Register, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (The Cochrane Library Issue 1, 2002), MEDLINE, and EMBASE from 1990 to 2001. Handsearching included relevant journals and bibliographies of all relevant papers and review articles from 1990 up to 2001. In addition, we contacted experts and companies conducting clinical research on ceramic restorations to find other trials or unpublished materials or to clarify ambiguous or missing data. Selection criteria: Randomized controlled trials, in which the longevity of ceramic inlays is compared with those of other posterior restorations. Data collection and analysis: Screening of possible studies and data extraction were independently conducted by two reviewers (MH and AY) using a specially designed chart. Authors of studies were contacted for additional information. The methodological quality of studies was assessed in duplicate using individual components. The Cochrane Oral Health Group statistical guidelines were followed and the results expressed as Odds Ratio (OR) and 95 per cent confidence interval for dichotomous outcomes. Main results: Tw o studies fulfilled the criteria to be included in the review. However, one of them was later excluded from the review, as the study design was not clearly described. The remaining, included study, evaluated the clinical performance of 60 ceramic inlays and 20 gold inlays for five years. Seven of the 60 ceramic inlays and two of the 20 gold inlays failed at five‐year review. No ceramic inlays resulted in postoperative pain/discomfort after the treatment. However, one gold inlay did. The power of the included study was not great enough to detect an important difference in longevity and post‐operative pain/discomfort between ceramic and gold inlays. Reviewers' conclusions: There is no strong evidence available to support any differences in the clinical performance of ceramic inlays and other posterior restorations. There is a limited number of well‐designed clinical trials within this research area. Greater attention to the design and reporting of studies should be given to improve the study quality of ceramic restoration trials.
An historical perspective on early progress of Queensland water fluoridation 1945–1954: Sheep, climate and sugar
Authors: Akers HF , Porter SAT 
Published: March 2008

Abstract Background: Queensland's virtual rejection of artificial water fluoridation sets it apart from other Australian states, yet the early fluoride environs has been scantily recorded. Methods: This paper used archives, literature review, personal interview and the traditional historic method. Results: The connection between Queensland artesian bore water and caries resistance was postulated as early as 1912. Four decades later, two Queensland‐specific factors influenced the planning to fluoridate community water supplies. The first (1945–1950) was confusion between the high levels of fluoride in artesian water supplying the pastoral industry and the scientific concept of artificial water fluoridation of communal supplies. The second (1952–1954) involved further scientific investigation involving water consumption patterns, occupational dehydration and fluid homeostasis within a sub‐tropical climate. The role of the Australian Dental Association Queensland Branch (ADAQ) in early fluoride politics was minimal. Four early protagonists are identified—two dentists, an engineer and the sugar industry. Conclusions: Queensland had its advocates for artificial water fluoridation of communal supply as a means of caries prevention. Interest came from the dental, medical and engineering professions, and from the sugar industry. However, these efforts met with indifference based on confused extrapolation of the artesian experience (1945–1952) and hesitancy (1952–1954) due to contemporaneous concerns about human fluid homeostasis in Queensland's sub‐tropical climate.
A rare presentation of dens invaginatus in a mandibular lateral incisor occurring concurrently with bilateral maxillary dens invaginatus: Case report and review of literature
Authors: Mupparapu M. , Singer SR 
Published: March 2008

Abstract Background: Dens Invaginatus (DI), commonly known as dens in dente, is a developmental malformation of tooth that most commonly affects permanent maxillary lateral incisor teeth. Deciduous teeth are infrequently affected. Presence of DI in mandibular permanent teeth is extremely rare. Further, the presence of DI bilaterally in the maxillary lateral incisors of the same patient is even more unusual. Methods: In this article, an unusual case of DI affecting a mandibular lateral incisor tooth is described. This malformation was uncovered after a full mouth radiographic examination when the patient presented for dental treatment unrelated to this finding. In addition, the various radiographic appearances of DI as they present within the maxillary and mandibular teeth are described. Essential clinical considerations and treatment options are presented. A review of the pertinent literature is undertaken and a table summarizing previous published findings of mandibular DI is presented. Results: A review of the literature indicates that DI in mandibular teeth is extremely rare with only 10 other cases involving 13 teeth reported previously. Conclusions: Although this is an extremely rare case, DI is an anomaly that should be familiar to all practising dentists due to the clinical implications of potential sequelae of pulpal involvement.
Histoplasmosis in Australia: A report of a case with a review of the literature
Authors: O'Sullivan MVN , Whitby M. , Chahoud C. , Miller SM 
Published: March 2008

AbstractHistoplasmosis is a rare but serious fungal infection commonly presenting as mucosal ulceration of the oral cavity. It is increasingly recognized in Australia but the source of infection remains obscure and it is likely to be under‐diagnosed. We report a case of chronic mucosal ulceration which failed to fully respond to periodontal therapy. Histology and culture of a gingival biopsy was consistent with histoplasmosis, and the patient responded favourably to treatment with oral itraconazole. Histoplasmosis may present to general dental practitioners as chronic mucosal ulceration and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of such lesions. Diagnosis is best made by culture and histology of biopsy specimens.
Prevalence of systemic diseases in Brisbane general and periodontal practice patients
Authors: Georgiou TO , Marshall RI , Bartold PM 
Published: March 2008

Abstract Background Periodontitis has been associated with a number of systemic diseases such as atherosclerosis, coronary heart diseases, and respiratory diseases. This study aimed to determine whether there is a significant difference in the prevalence of systemic diseases (a) in patients referred for periodontal care compared to the general practice population, (b) in patients attending a public hospital and private practices, (c) in patients attending public and private periodontal practices, and (d) among patients with periodontitis of varying severity. Methods Charts of 1000 adult patients were selected from four clinics (University of Queensland (UQ) School of Dentistry Admissions Clinic, UQ School of Dentistry Periodontics Clinic, Private Periodontal Practice, and Private General Dental Practice). The prevalence of medical conditions was evaluated using validated self‐reported health questionnaires. The periodontal condition was assessed from the most recent relevant radiographs in the files. Results Periodontal patients had a higher prevalence of systemic diseases compared to the general practice population. Public patients had a greater prevalence of systemic diseases compared to patients in private practice for both general practice and periodontal patients. In patients with advanced periodontitis, bronchitis, hepatitis and rheumatoid arthritis were most prevalent. Patients with periodontitis also took more medications and were more likely to suffer from multiple conditions compared to the general dental population. Conclusions Patients attending public dental facilities have an increased prevalence of systemic disease compared to those attending private practices. Furthermore periodontal patients have a greater prevalence of diseases compared to general practice patients. Patients with moderate or advanced periodontitis show an increase in the prevalence of some systemic diseases previously reported to be risk factors for periodontal disease.
Direct restorative materials use in Australia in 2002
Authors: Burke FJT , McHugh S. , Randall RC , Meyers IA , Pitt J. , Hall AC 
Published: March 2008

Abstract Background This study aimed to determine the reasons for dentists' choice of materials, in particular amalgam and resin composite, in Australia. Method A questionnaire was developed to elicit this information. The names and addresses of 1000 dentists in Australia were selected at random. The questionnaire was mailed to these dentists with an explanatory letter and reply‐paid envelope. Results A total of 560 replies were received. Regarding choice of material, 99 per cent of respondents cited clinical indication as an influencing factor, although patients' aesthetic demands (99 per cent of respondents), patients' wish (96 per cent), patients' financial situation (82 per cent), and lecturers' suggestions (72 per cent) were also reported to influence respondents' choice of materials. Twelve per cent of respondents used composite ‘always’, 29 per cent ‘often’, 32 per cent ‘sometimes’, 23 per cent ‘seldom’ and 4 per cent ‘never’ in extensive load‐ bearing cavities in molar teeth. For composite restorations in posterior teeth, 84 per cent ‘always’, ‘often’ or ‘sometimes’ used the total etch technique, 84 per cent used a thick glass‐ionomer layer and 36 per cent never used rubber dam. Fifty‐nine per cent of respondents reported a decreased use of amalgam over the previous five years. Sixty‐eight per cent of respondents agreed with the statement ‘discontinuation of amalgam restricts a dentist's ability to adequately treat patients’. Seventy‐five per cent considered that the growth in the use of composites increased the total cost of oral health care. Conclusions Of the respondents from Australia 73 per cent place large composite restorations in molar teeth and their choice of material is influenced greatly by clinical indications, and patients' aesthetic demands.
Psychosocial stressors in oral lichen planus
Authors: Chaudhary S. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract Background Psychosomatic factors and their association with dermatological disorders are well recognized, yet their importance in oral lichen planus (OLP) is still debated. This study was done to determine the importance of psychosocial stressors in patients with OLP. Methods An analytical age‐sex matched double controlled study. Stratified serial random sampling was done for sample selection. The experimental group consisted of biopsy proven OLP subjects (n=41), negative control consisted of apparently healthy general Out Patient Department (OPD) patients (n=73) and positive controls were patients with burning mouth syndrome, atypical facial pain and myofacial pain dysfunction syndrome (n=36). The General Health Questionnaire‐version 28 (GHQ‐ 28) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) were used to evaluate psychosocial stressors in terms of stress, anxiety and depression respectively. Results The OLP patients had significantly higher stress (Z=4.331; p<0.05, significant), anxiety (Z=4.260; p<0.05, significant) and depression levels (Z=4.942; p<0.05, significant) than the negative controls when measured by GHQ and HADS respectively. Similar findings were noted between the two control groups, with higher stress (Z=5.784; p<0.05, significant), anxiety (Z=6.416; p<0.05, significant), and depression (Z=4.841; p<0.05, significant) levels in the positive control group. However, differences in stress (Z=2.0416; p>0.05, non‐significant), anxiety (Z=1.681; p>0.05, nonsignificant) and depression levels (Z=0.195; p>0.05, non‐significant) were found to be non‐significant between OLP and positive control. Conclusion Significantly higher stress, anxiety and depression levels were found in the OLP and positive control than the general population. No significant difference was noted between the OLP and the positive controls (in which psychosocial stressors are the sole etiology). These suggest that psychological stressors play an important role in the causation of OLP. It may be further hypothesized that these stressors form a starting point for the initiation of various autoimmune reactions, which have been shown to be contributory to the pathogenesis of OLP. Further longitudinal studies need to be done globally before definitive conclusions can be drawn.
Ozone therapy for the treatment of dental caries
Authors: Rickard GD , Richardson R. , Johnson T. , McColl D. , Hooper L. 
Published: March 2008

The Cochrane Collaboration is an international organization that aims to help people make well‐informed decisions about healthcare by preparing, maintaining and promoting the accessibility of systematic reviews on the effects of healthcare interventions. The Cochrane Oral Health Group aims to produce systematic reviews which primarily include all randomized control trials (RCTs) of oral health, including prevention, treatment and rehabilitation of oral, dental and craniofacial diseases and disorders. The abstracts of these reviews can be accessd electronically at http:www.cochrane‐oral.man.ac.uk. Full copies of the review papers can also be purchased via this website.The Australian Dental Journal publishes selected abstracts in each issue for our readers' interest. A detailed description of the activities of the Cochrane Oral Health Group, written by the Review Group Co‐ordinator, Dr Emma Tavender, was published in the June 2004 issue of the Journal (Aust Dent J 2004;49:58–59). Also, for explanations of abbreviations and terminology please see Appendix 1 on page 59 of the aforementioned article.EDITOR
Dentist‐patient communication in the multilingual dental setting
Authors: Goldsmith C. , Slack‐Smith L. , Davies G. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract Background: Communication between dentists and patients can be exceptionally challenging when the patient and the dentist do not speak the same language, as is frequently the case in multicultural Australia. The aim of this study was to describe the issues involved in dealing with limited‐English speaking patients in order to formulate recommendations on how to improve dental communication. Methods: A cross sectional study was performed using a postal survey to Australian Dental Association member dental practitioners in Western Australia. Responses were collated and data analysis was performed using SPSS 11.5 for Windows. Results: Most respondents encounter language‐related communication barriers weekly or monthly, and the most satisfactory method of communication is informal interpreters. Despite reporting satisfaction working with professional chairside interpreters or dental staff interpreters, most respondents did not use them. The most common alternative communication methods were diagrams and models. Endodontics and periodontics provided the greatest challenge in communication. Informed consent was reportedly compromised due to language barriers by 29 per cent of respondents. Recommendations to improve communication included access to interpretation services, dentist technique/attitude to communication and patient preparedness for English‐speaking encounters. Conclusions: Many respondents do not utilize the preferential communication methods, creating a potential compromise to both informed consent and the patients' best interests. The use of professional interpreters is recommended, and discussion should be supplemented with means of non‐verbal communication. Dentists require access to lists of multilingual dentists and greater awareness of interpretation services to improve multilingual dentist‐patient communication.
Microhardness and Ca:P ratio of carious and Carisolv™ treated caries‐affected dentine using an ultra‐micro‐indentation system and energy dispersive analysis of x‐rays — A pilot study
Authors: Sakoolnamarka R. , Burrow MF , Swain M. , Tyas MJ 
Published: March 2008

Abstract Background: This study aimed to evaluate microhardness and chemical analysis of carious and caries‐affected dentine. The hypothesis tested was that calcium:phosphorous (Ca:P) ratios correlate with microhardness values. Methods: Four carious human third molars were sectioned through the caries lesion in the mesiodistal longitudinal plane. One half of each lesion underwent carious dentine removal using Carisolv™ gel. The cut surfaces were polished, microhardness tested using an Ultra‐Micro‐Indentation System (UMIS) and elemental analysis performed using energy dispersive analysis of x‐rays (EDAX). Results: The microhardness of carious dentine decreased gradually towards the cavity floor, but that for caries‐affected dentine showed more variation with depth, having a mean hardness of (0.63±0.18) GPa. Ca:P ratios of carious dentine varied among the four specimens. The mean Ca:P ratio of caries‐affected dentine was 1:2.03±0.08. The hypothesis was accepted for active lesions. Conclusions: The use of CarisolvTM to excavate carious tissue can be as effective as rotary instrumentation.
Extensive bleeding during surgical treatment for gingival overgrowth in a patient on haemodialysis — A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Nishide N. , Nishikawa T. , Kanamura N. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractBefore performing renal transplantation, a most important concern is to control any infection, including oral infections before transplantation. The bleeding diathesis of patients with uraemia is a significant clinical concern, especially when surgery is required. A 44‐year‐old female patient on haemodialysis was referred for evaluation of gingival overgrowth. The patient was planning a renal transplantation two months later. As the lesions were not considered successfully treatable before transplantation, a gingivectomy and teeth extraction was performed. In pre‐operative examinations, an abnormal bleeding time was not detected and other coagulation tests were normal. Under general anaesthesia, 19 teeth were extracted and overgrown gingiva was removed. During the operation, extensive blood loss of 1650ml occurred and four units of concentrated red blood cells were transfused. This study suggests that patients with renal failure undergoing dental surgery require careful pre‐surgical evaluation including assessment of their coagulation ability.
Patients with artificial joints: do they need antibiotic cover for dental treatment?
Authors: Scott JF , Morgan D. , Avent M. , Graves S. , Goss AN 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThis study reviews whether patients with artificial joints need antibiotic cover for dental treatment. Generally in Australia the practice has developed of giving most patients with artificial joints antibiotic prophylaxis for a wide range of dental procedures. This is partly on anecdotal grounds, partly historical and partly for legal concerns. It has been encouraged by some guidelines. Scientifically, the risk and the benefit of each step in the process needs to be analysed. This review shows that the risk of an artificial joint becoming infected from a bacteraemia of oral origin is exceedingly low whereas the risk of an adverse reaction to the antibiotic prophylaxis is higher than the risk of infection. If all patients with artificial joints receive antibiotic prophylaxis then more will die from anaphylaxis than develop infections. Factors which balance the risk benefit are if the patient is seriously immunocompromised, if the joint prosthesis is failing or chronically inflamed and if the dental procedures, such as from extractions and deep periodontal scaling, produce high level bacteraemias. Recommendations to rationalize antibiotic prophylaxis for patients with artificial joints are presented.
Antibiotic prophylaxis for dentoalveolar surgery: is it indicated?
Authors: Lawler B. , Sambrook PJ , Goss AN 
Published: March 2008

AbstractUsually dentists in Australia give patients oral antibiotics after dentoalveolar surgery as a prophylaxis against wound infection. When this practice is compared to the principle of antibiotic prophylaxis in major surgery it is found to be at variance in a number of ways. In major surgery, the risk of infection should be high, and the consequences of infection severe or catastrophic, before antibiotic prophylaxis is ordered. If it is provided then a high dose of an appropriate spectrum antibiotic must be present in the blood prior to the first incision. Other factors which need to be considered are the degree of tissue trauma, the extent of host compromise, other medical comorbidities and length of hospitalization. Standardized protocols of administration have been determined and evaluated for most major surgical procedures. Dentoalveolar surgery is undoubtedly a skilled and technically challenging procedure. However, in contrast to major surgical procedures, it has a less than five per cent infection rate and rarely has severe adverse consequences. Dentoalveolar surgery should be of short duration with minimal tissue damage and performed in the dental chair under local anaesthesia. Controlled studies for both mandibular third molar surgery and placement of dental implants show little or no evidence of benefit from antibiotic prophylaxis and there is an adverse risk from the antibiotic. This review concludes that there is no case for antibiotic prophylaxis for most dentoalveolar surgery in fit patients. In the few cases where it can be considered, a single high pre‐operative dose should be given.