bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
HPV DNA testing as an adjunct in the management of patients with low grade cytological lesions in Finland
Authors: TARKKANEN JUSSI , AUVINEN EEVA , NIEMINEN PEKKA , MALMI RAIJA , VARTIAINEN JUHANI , TIMONEN TUOMO , LAURILA PEKKA , Räisänen Ilkka , UNNERUS HANS‐ANDERS , SAKKI ARJA , MATTILA PETRI , VAN DEN BRULE ADRIAAN , TAPPER ANNA‐MAIJA 
Published: March 2007

AbstractBackground. Patients with recurrent low grade cytological abnormalities are at increased risk for high grade lesions. We wanted to see whether these patients could be identified by HPV DNA and pap tests. Methods. A prospective study of 663 patients referred for a colposcopy on the basis of ASC‐US or LSIL cytology. High‐risk HPV DNA positivity and cytology were compared with histology. Results. In total 65.6% samples were positive for HC2, and the overall proportion of CIN2+ lesions was 14.6%. No CIN2+ lesions were found in patients testing HC2−, pap−. There were 5/97 (5.2%) high grade lesions, which were HC2‐negative but pap‐positive, including 1 cervical adenocarcinoma in situ. The corresponding histological sections were all positive for p16INK in immunostaining. In further analysis by PCR, 3 samples were positive for HPV DNA. High‐risk HPV type 67, which is not included in the HC2 probe cocktail, was found in 1 case, and 2 cases were HPV positive but could not be typed. One CIN3 and one AIS remained HPV negative. In these 5 cases, the concomitant pap smear showed ASC‐US×1, LSIL×1, HSIL×2 and AGC×1. During 6‐month follow‐up, a relatively high number of CIN2+ (28/557, 5.0%) emerged from the non‐CIN–CIN1 group. Conclusions. The HC2 test or pap test alone were not sensitive enough to detect all CIN2+ lesions. A relatively high number of CIN2+ cases emerged from the non‐CIN–CIN1 group after 6 months. Adequate follow‐up of patients with mild cytological abnormalities, including a repeat pap smear taken during colposcopy and control at 6 months is underscored. Combination of hrHPV DNA and pap test should be considered, since it had high negative predictive value.
Patients' experiences of abuse in health care: a Nordic study on prevalence and associated factors in gynecological patients
Authors: SWAHNBERG KATARINA , SCHEI BERIT , HILDEN MALENE , HALMESMÄKI ERJA , SIDENIUS KATRINE , STEINGRIMSDOTTIR THORA , WIJMA BARBRO 
Published: March 2007

AbstractBackground. In an earlier Swedish study conducted with The NorVold Abuse Questionnaire, we found that one‐third of female patients who had experienced adult abuse in health care (AAHC) had a background of childhood emotional, physical and/or sexual abuse (EPSA) (‘revictimised’). But since the majority of women with AAHC were ‘new victims’ without such a background, there might be other factors associated with AAHC. The present study aimed to map prevalence of abuse in health care (AHC), and associated variables among new victims and revictimised patients. Methods. We carried out a cross‐sectional questionnaire study at 5 Nordic gynecological clinics. Associations between AAHC and other variables were tested in a multivariate model in 4 groups of women with adult EPSA, childhood EPSA, childhood and adult EPSA, and no EPSA. Results. The response rate was 77% (n = 3,641). The overall prevalence of any lifetime experience of AHC was 13–28%. High educational level, physical complaints, post‐traumatic stress symptoms, and sleeping problems were associated with AAHC in women without EPSA (new victims). Poor self‐rated health was strongly associated with AAHC in the 3 groups of women with EPSA. Conclusion. AHC is commonly reported by gynecological patients in the Nordic countries, but not yet properly explored or understood. The most important factors associated with AAHC were high educational level and poor self‐rated health.
Have Education and Publicity about Depression Made a Difference? Comparison of Prevalence, Service use and Excess Costs in South Australia: 1998 and 2004
Authors: Goldney Robert D. , Goldney Robert D. , Fisher Laura J. , Dal Grande Eleonora , Taylor Anne W. , Hawthorne Graeme 
Published: March 2007

Objective: To identify changes in depression, its management and associated excess costs, between 1998 and 2004 in South Australia. Methods: A face-to-face Health Omnibus Survey was conducted in 2004 among 3015 randomly selected participants aged 15 years and over, who were a random and representative sample of the South Australian population, and this was compared with a survey conducted in 1998 that used the same methodology. The main outcome measures were prevalence of depression detected by the Mood Module of the Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders (PRIME-MD); use of health services; health-related quality of life assessed by the Assessment of Quality of Life; estimates of excess costs and demographic data. Results: There was no significant change in the overall prevalence of depression, although there was a significant decrease in respondents with other depressions, and a non-significant increase in those with major depression. No significant differences in the mean number of PRIME-MD depression symptoms were reported. Greater use of predominantly non-medical treatment services and antidepressants were reported by both those with depression and those without depression. There was a marked increase in the associated excess costs of depression. Conclusions: There has been no significant improvement in the prevalence of depression and its associated morbidity and financial burden in the South Australian community between 1998 and 2004, despite a number of professional and community education programmes. It is possible that without these efforts and the increased treatment reported on in this survey, there may have been an increase in the prevalence of depression and an even greater financial burden. However, it is also possible that community services for the provision of treatment for depression have not been able to implement research strategies that have been demonstrated to be effective.
Effects of Childhood Experiences on Cortisol Levels in Depressed Adults
Authors: Joyce Peter R. , Williamson Samantha A.H. , McKenzie Janice M. , Frampton Christopher M.A. , Luty Suzanne E. , Porter Richard J. , Mulder Roger T. 
Published: March 2007

Objective: To evaluate the impact of childhood abuse and parental bonding on cortisol levels in depressed adults. Methods: Mean afternoon cortisol levels were measured in 192 depressed adult patients at the beginning of a treatment trial. Childhood experiences of physical and sexual abuse were ascertained by interview, and perceived parenting by self-report. Results: Maternal affectionless control, childhood sexual and physical abuse were all associated with cortisol levels. Conclusion: Childhood experiences, especially maternal affectionless control, appear to be related to hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis function in depressed adults.
Levels of Serum Interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, Tumour Necrosis Factor-α and Leptin and Their Correlation in Depression
Authors: Yang Kun , Xie Guangrong , Zhang Zhongxing , Wang Changhong , Li Wenbo , Zhou Weiqiang , Tang Yanqing 
Published: March 2007

Objective: To investigate the relationship between leptin and cytokines in depressed patients. Methods: Thirty-three unmedicated patients (24 female, nine male) with depressive disorder and 23 healthy controls (16 female, seven male) were assessed for serum levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and leptin. Results: Levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in depressed patients were higher than in normal controls. There were significantly lower leptin levels in depressed patients than in normal controls. There were also significant differences in the leptin levels, being higher in female than in male patients, and in female than in male controls. Conclusions: IL-6 and TNF-α cytokines and leptin are important in the psychoimmunology of depressed patients. There were gender differences in leptin levels in depression.
Atomoxetine versus Methylphenidate in Paediatric Outpatients with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Randomized, Double-Blind Comparison Trial
Authors: Wang Yufeng , Zheng Yi , Du Yasong , Song Dong H. , Shin Yee-Jin , Cho Soo C. , Kim Bung N. , Ahn Dong H. , Marquez-Caraveo Maria E. , Gao Haitao , Williams David W. , Levine Louise R. 
Published: March 2007

Objective: To (i) test whether atomoxetine is non-inferior to methylphenidate in treating symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in paediatric patients; and (ii) determine the tolerability of the two drugs. Method: This double-blind study was conducted in 6- to 16-year-old outpatients with ADHD (DSM-IV) in China, Korea and Mexico (January–October 2004). Patients were randomly assigned to once-daily atomoxetine (0.8–1.8 mg kg−1 day−1; n = 164) or twice-daily methylphenidate (0.2–0.6 mg kg−1 day−1; n = 166) for ∼8 weeks. Primary efficacy assessment was the comparison of response rates (≥40% reduction from baseline to end point in total score) on the Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Rating Scale-IV-Parent Version: Investigator-Administered and -Scored. Tolerability measures included, but were not limited to, the assessment of treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) and weight. Results: Atomoxetine was non-inferior to methylphenidate in improving ADHD symptoms based on response rates (atomoxetine, 77.4%; methylphenidate, 81.5%; one-sided 95% lower confidence limit = −11.7%, p = 0.404). Treatment-emergent adverse effects experienced significantly more frequently in the atomoxetine group, compared with the methylphenidate group, included anorexia (37.2% vs. 25.3%; p = 0.024), nausea (20.1% vs. 10.2%; p = 0.014), somnolence (26.2% vs. 3.6%; p <0.001), dizziness (15.2% vs. 7.2%; p = 0.024) and vomiting (11.6% vs. 3.6%; p = 0.007), most of which were of mild or moderate severity. Atomoxetine-treated patients experienced a small but significantly greater mean weight loss from baseline to end point than methylphenidate-treated patients (−1.2 kg vs. −0.4 kg; p <0.001). Conclusions: This study suggests that atomoxetine is non-inferior to methylphenidate in the improvement of ADHD symptoms in paediatric outpatients. Although both of the drugs were well tolerated, atomoxetine was associated with a higher incidence of TEAEs than methylphenidate.
Mother and Baby Unit Admissions: Feasibility Study Examining Child Outcomes 4–6 Years On
Authors: Wan Ming Wai , Warburton Alison L. , Appleby Louis , Abel Kathryn M. 
Published: March 2007

Objective: To compare the cognitive, social cognitive, behavioural, emotional and attachment security outcomes of children whose mothers were admitted to a psychiatric mother and baby unit (MBU) with those of offspring of mothers not admitted and with standardized norms. Method: Children aged 4–6 years of mothers admitted (following childbirth) to the dedicated psychiatric MBUs in Manchester, and still living with their mother, were traced for recruitment. Observational and multi-informant measures of developmental functioning were administered during a home visit. Results: From 94 consecutive admissions, 16 children participated and showed no poorer developmental outcomes than comparison children or standardized child norms. Girls, securely attached children and children of mothers with no current mental illness tended to show the most positive outcomes. Conclusion: Possible reasons for low participant recruitment are discussed. Our provisional findings suggest that interventions should focus on improving infant attachment security, targeted at women with psychotic and chronic illness, who have no partner and/or who have a male child.
New Zealand Psychiatrists Views on Global Features of ICD-10 and DSM-IV
Authors: Mellsop Graham , Dutu Gaelle , Robinson Gail 
Published: March 2007

Objective: The present accepted classificatory systems (ICD-10 and DSM-IV) represent the culmination of 100 years of post-Kraepelinian evolution. The present paper reports on a study to ascertain the views of New Zealand psychiatrists on their requirements of a classificatory system, and their opinions on those currently in use. Method: An anonymous postal survey of 542 psychiatrists and trainees was undertaken in New Zealand. Results: A total of 235 questionnaires were returned, completed. New Zealand psychiatrists primarily use DSM-IV and do so because that is what they were taught on. They make relatively limited use of the multiaxiality. The purposes of classificatory systems that they value most highly are reliable interclinician communication, and to inform patient management planning. The two purposes they valued least were usefulness for a national statistical base, or to indicate prognosis. Conclusions: New Zealand psychiatrists’ views are consistent with some of the stated objectives of ICD-10 and DSM-IV, but there is significant diversity in the former and over-ambition in the latter, with much to be resolved.
AKT1 and Neurocognition in Schizophrenia
Authors: Pinheiro Andrea Poyastro , Keefe Richard S.E. , Skelly Tara , Olarte Megan , Leviel Keren , Lange Leslie A. , Lange Ethan M. , Stroup T. Scott , Lieberman Jeffrey , Sullivan Patrick F. 
Published: March 2007

Objective: Previous research has shown conflicting results for the significance of five v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 1 ( AKT1) single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to the aetiology of schizophrenia. Neurocognition is a plausible endophenotype for schizophrenia and it was reasoned that the lack of agreement might be due to variability in neurocognition across studies. Therefore, the association of genetic variation in AKT1 with neurocognition was investigated in patients with schizophrenia. Methods: The same five SNPs used in previous studies of the etiology of schizophrenia (rs2494732, rs2498799, rs3730358, rs1130241, and rs3803300) were genotyped in 641 individuals with schizophrenia who had participated in the Clinical Antipsychotic Trials of Intervention Effectiveness (CATIE) project. The primary dependent variable was a neurocognitive composite score and exploratory analyses investigated five domain scores (processing speed, reasoning, verbal memory, working memory, and vigilance). Results: There were no significant asymptotic or empirical associations between any SNP and the neurocognitive composite score. The authors also investigated the association of five-SNP haplotypes with the neurocognitive composite score. A marginally significant association was observed for the neurocognitive composite score with one of the five-SNP haplotypes (global score statistic 19.51, df = 9, permutation p = 0.02). Exploratory analyses of five domain scores (processing speed, reasoning, verbal memory, working memory, and vigilance) were non-significant for all five SNPs. Conclusion: Results published to date for an association between genetic variation in AKT1 with schizophrenia are inconsistent. The results suggest that the AKT1 markers studied are not associated with neurocognition in schizophrenia, and do not support unassessed variation in neurocognitive scores as a reason for this discrepancy.
Zero Tolerance Approach to Aggression and its Impact upon Mental Health Staff Attitudes
Authors: Middleby-Clements Jane L. , Grenyer Brin F.S. 
Published: March 2007

Objective: A natural study design provided an opportunity to investigate the effect of zero tolerance to aggression policy on health staff attitudes. Method: This study compared a training programme used to train health service staff in aggression minimization (group 1) with a highly similar training programme that differed in that it emphasized a zero tolerance approach to aggression minimization in the health workplace (group 2). Prior to training and at follow up 117 health staff (57 from group 1, and 60 from group 2) completed a series of evaluations examining rigid attitudes toward managing aggression, tolerance for aggression and confidence and skills in dealing with aggression. Results: The groups were equivalent with respect to age, sex and occupation. Prior to training the two groups did not differ with regard to rigidity, tolerance, confidence and skills. Both training interventions were effective in increasing confidence and skills. However, group 1 significantly decreased rigid attitudes toward the management of aggression, whereas group 2 significantly evidenced increased rigid attitudes and decreased tolerance toward aggression. Conclusion: Zero tolerance for aggression had a negative impact on health staff attitudes in relation to managing aggression in the health workplace.
Does the Triple P–Positive Parenting Program Provide Value for Money?
Authors: Mihalopoulos Cathrine , Sanders Matthew R. , Turner Karen M.T. , Murphy-Brennan Majella , Carter Rob 
Published: March 2007

Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate the economic case for the implementation of the Triple P–Positive Parenting Program on a population basis in Queensland, Australia, in order to reduce the prevalence of conduct disorder in children. Method: Threshold analysis was undertaken together with a limited cost-effectiveness analysis. Results: The Triple P–Positive Parenting Program is a dominant intervention; that is, it costs less than the amount it saves, until the reduction in prevalence falls below 7% where net costs become positive. Conclusions: Triple P is likely to be a worthwhile use of limited health funds. The economic case is promising, but further research is required to confirm the study results.
Predictors of Attitudes Towards Treatments for Bulimia Nervosa
Authors: Hepworth Natasha S. , Paxton Susan J. , Williams Benedict 
Published: March 2007

Objective: The aim of this study was to examine, using Mental Health Literacy, acceptability and correlates of acceptability of three treatment interventions for bulimia nervosa; medication, psychological therapy and self-change/lifestyle therapies. Method: A self-report questionnaire to ascertain correlates of attitudes towards the three interventions was used. Respondents (n = 177) were females aged 18–53 years. Results: Psychological therapy was rated the most acceptable treatment to participants as well as the most acceptable to others, and to have most advantages and fewest disadvantages, followed by self-change/lifestyle therapies, and then medication. Social Pressures to be Thin was the most strongly endorsed cause of bulimia, followed by Low Self-Esteem, Eating Behaviour, Relationship and Family Environment, and lastly, Biology. Correlates with acceptability of different treatment approaches were identified. Conclusions: Although no causal link can be assumed from this design, findings suggest that women appear to have a mixed understanding of the different mechanisms that each treatment intervention adopts to treat the causes and symptoms of bulimia, particularly self-change/lifestyle therapies. This may help to explain poor adherence to interventions.
Risk of Repetition of Suicide Attempt, Suicide or all Deaths after an Episode of Attempted Suicide: A Register-Based Survival Analysis
Authors: Christiansen Erik , Frank Jensen Børge 
Published: March 2007

Objective: This study was undertaken in order to estimate the incidence of repetition of suicide attempt, suicide and all deaths, and to analyse the influence of psychiatric illness and socio-demographic factors on these. Method: The study is a Danish register-based survival analysis that retrieved personal data on socio-economic, psychiatric and mortality conditions from various registers. Hazards were estimated using Cox regression with a time-dependence covariate. Suicide-attempters (2.614) and non-attempters (39.210)were analysed being matched by gender, age and place of residence. Results: The average follow-up period for suicide-attempters was 3.88 years, during which 271 (10.37%) of them died. By comparison, death occurred four times more often among suicide-attempters than among non-attempters. Suicide was far more common among attempters (61, 2.33%) than among non-attempters (16, 0.04%). A proportion of the attempters (31.33%) repeated their attempt within the follow-up period. The most reliable predictors for suicide and death were repetition, suicide attempt method and treatment for mental illness. The most reliable predictors for repetition were age, gender and mental illness. Discussion: Individuals with a history of suicide attempts form a well-defined high-risk group for suicide, and are in need of treatment immediately after the episode. Somatic and psychiatric staff must be informed about the risk factors for subsequent suicidal behaviour after an episode of attempted suicide. Furthermore, departments that are in contact with suicidal individuals need action plans to ensure that all such individuals are discharged to proper treatment immediately after the suicide attempt.
Managing Psychosis in Pregnancy
Authors: McCauley-Elsom Kay , Kulkarni Jayashri 
Published: March 2007

Objective: This article provides an introduction to the complex issues surrounding the management of women who have a history of psychosis and who become pregnant. Balancing the mental wellbeing of the woman and the safety and wellbeing of the baby is a complex task for both the expectant mother and the health professionals involved in her care. Clinical picture: Within this article the complexity of the issues will be outlined as a case report of a woman with a history of psychotic related disorders, who was also pregnant. Treatment: The woman was being case managed by a Mental Health Service in Victoria, Australia, and was included on the National Register of Antipsychotic Medications in Pregnancy Register (NRAMP) recently established at the Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre (APRC). Outcome: The profile of women with a history of previous mental illness, and who are pregnant, often includes a poor psychosocial history and involvement with child protection agencies with regard to custody of the children. Well meant but poorly coordinated decisions by health professionals result in sub-optimal outcomes for both mother and infant. Conclusion: There is a need for the exploration of the management and experiences of women who have a history of psychosis and who are pregnant. This case example highlights the complexity of issues surrounding the management of this vulnerable group of women and their babies.
Regional Gray Matter Changes in Bipolar Disorder: A Voxel-Based Morphometric Study
Authors: Chen Xiaohua , Wen Wei , Malhi Gin S. , Ivanovski Belinda , Sachdev Perminder S. 
Published: March 2007

Objective: To investigate structural abnormalities in bipolar disorder (BD) using optimized voxel-based morphometry (VBM) in closely matched patients and controls, and to examine the relationship of clinical features with regional gray matter (GM) volumes. Methods: Twenty-four patients (six male) aged 19–59 years (mean=38.21 years, SD=11.04 years) with DSM-IV bipolar I disorder were compared with 25 control subjects, matched on age, sex, and years of education. VBM analyses were conducted on high-resolution T1-weighted brain magnetic resonance imaging to detect regional GM volume differences between groups, ensuring statistical correlation for age, sex and total intracranial volumes. Within the patient groups, regional GM changes were also investigated. Results: Compared to controls, BD patients had increased GM volume in left parahippocampal gyrus and decreased GM volume in left middle temporal gyrus. Family history, psychotic symptoms and lithium status were associated with regional GM abnormalities in BD patients. Conclusions: This study presents evidence of gray matter volume abnormalities in adults with bipolar I disorder. Regional variation in relation to clinical factors suggests a neurobiological basis for clinical heterogeneity and posits the possibility of trait deficits.