bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Studies of gas sensing, electrical and chemical properties of n‐InP epitaxial surfaces
Authors: Wierzbowska K. , Pauly A. , Adamowicz B. , Bideux L. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThe gas sensing and electrical properties of a novel toxic gas sensor structure based on n‐InP epitaxial layer were studied. The gas sensing properties were investigated under extremely low concentration (in the ppb range) of toxic gas, nitrogen dioxide, in dry pure air. The sensor responses in terms of the resistance changes ΔR, towards NO2 of the structures with different active InP layer thickness were compared. The influence of the surface states at InP surface on the initial resistance of the sensor structure was shown from numerical simulations. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Interfacial diffusion and precipitation in rf magnetron sputtered (Mn)ZnO layers
Authors: Ruterana P. , Abouzaid M. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThis report presents TEM results obtained on ZnO layers doped with 10% Mn, deposited at 550 °C and subsequently annealed at 800 °C in air. Mn rich precipitates form inside the doped areas and a Mn containing interface phase appears at the ZnO/sapphire interface, following Mn diffusion and reaction. The interface phase is polycrystalline, some patches have been identified as trimetallic (ZnAlMn)O of cubic structure. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Full‐potential electronic structure calculations of InN(AlN) layer embedded in GaN bulk
Authors: Lakdja A. , Bouhafs B. , Ruterana P. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThe electronic structures of a monolayer quantum well (MLQW) in GaN are investigated by means of the first‐principles full potential linearized augmented plane waves method within the local density approximation (LDA). A super‐cell with periodic boundaries is used to study such systems. It is shown that one InN(AlN) MLQW in the GaN host modifies the localization of charge in the valence band maximum (VBM) and the conduction band minimum (CBM) of In(Al)N/GaN systems. On the other hand the change of the band gap depends on the depth of the MLQW in the GaN matrix. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Electronic conductivity and structural distortion at the interface between insulators SrTiO3 and LaAlO3
Authors: Maurice J.‐L. , Carrétéro C. , Casanove M.‐J. , Bouzehouane K. , Guyard S. , Larquet É. , Contour J.‐P. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractPolar interfaces, if abrupt, theoretically create diverging electro‐static potentials. In practice, atomic or electronic reconstructions occur. In the case of the polar (001) interface between the insula‐tors LaAlO3 and SrTiO3 pictured here, such reconstructions may be the origin of a significant conductivity. This high‐resolution transmission electron microscope (HR‐TEM) image from our Editor's Choice [1] has been recorded with an aberration‐corrected TEM, so that the deformations in the image of the interface are directly related to deformations in the interface itself. The image on the left hand side is the original image, in the middle is its Fourier transform, and on the right‐hand side is the map of the modulus of the 002 Fourier vector. The darker region in this map indicates an elongation of the unit cell at the interface. Such a deformation is correlated to strong band structure changes at the interface.Jean‐Luc Maurice is scientist at the Unité Mixte de Physique CNRS/Thales in Palaiseau. Marie‐José Casanove, author of the micrograph, is senior scientist at the Centre d'Elaboration des Matériaux et d'Etudes Structurales in Toulouse.The present special issue of physica status solidi (a) is a compilation of presentations from the recent Symposium F on Interfacial Processes and Properties of Advanced Materials (IPAM05) at the E‐MRS 2005 Fall Meeting in Warsaw. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Adopting a situational requirements engineering approach for the analysis of civil aviation security standards
Authors: Laleau Régine , Vignes Sylvie , Ledru Yves , Lemoine Michel , Bert Didier , Donzeau‐Gouge Véronique , Dubois Catherine , Peureux Fabien 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThe security of civil aviation, like many human activities, is regulated by a series of international standards and recommended practices. The quality of these documents is a prerequisite to reach an acceptable security level. The EDEMOI project aims at investigating different techniques to analyse these standards. The techniques that we have used, such as Requirements Engineering (RE) and formal methods, have been fruitfully tried and tested in computer science. During the first step of the project, properties were extracted from standards written in natural language and a conceptual model of the underlying system was elaborated. Since none of the existing requirements engineering methods were able to consider the specifics of our project, we turned to situational method engineering, and have defined a new RE method based on this approach. The standard considered in the article is Annex 17 of the Convention of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). We present several adaptations/extensions to relevant RE techniques necessary to take into account the specific features of our project. Finally, we describe how we have applied this new method to the analysis of Annex 17. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Extended gene analysis can increase specificity of neonatal screening for cystic fibrosis
Authors: Mérelle Marieke E. , Scheffer Hans , De Jong Debora , Dankert‐Roelse Jeannette E. 
Published: July 2006

Abstract Aim: To assess whether carriers and patients can be accurately identified by extended gene analysis for cystic fibrosis (CF) in dried blood spots. Methods: A blinded analysis was performed in 10‐mm2 blood spots on Guthrie cards, punched as if to remove material for the IRT test, from 10 CF patients and 10 carriers with known CF mutations. Genomic DNA was isolated. Aliquots of 1 µl dissolved DNA were used for subsequent PCRs. Analysis of the ?F508 mutation was followed by an oligonucleotide ligation assay. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of the whole CFTR gene was carried out in samples with only one identified mutation. Amplicons revealing an aberrant pattern were sequenced. Results: In all cases, the blood‐spot genotype was identical to that previously determined from whole‐blood analysis. Estimated time needed to complete the procedure in a series of Guthrie cards was 3–4 wk. Conclusion: Extended gene analysis in dried blood spots can discriminate CF patients and carriers. If proven equally reliable in larger series, an approach to neonatal screening in which tests are only considered as screen positive when two CF mutations are found is possible. This can increase the specificity of the screening programme, and carrier detection can practically be avoided.
On transient breastfeeding‐related chylomicronaemia syndrome
Authors: Rosipal Štefan 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThis paper reports on two male infants with abnormally high levels of serum triacylglycerols (>15.00 mmol/l) and massive accumulation of chylomicrons. Pathological lipidograms were observed during breastfeeding only and were typical of a rare chylomicronaemia syndrome. Laboratory abnormalities were detected accidentally in the otherwise healthy infants. An unrecognized modulating factor in fresh mother's milk caused transitory decreased activity of hydrolytic complex for chylomicrons and very‐low‐density lipoproteins, probably due to a dysfunction of lipoprotein lipase. The normalization of lipidograms suggested that the catalytic activity of lipoprotein lipase rapidly recovered after weaning. Pathogenesis moved more towards an immune disorder, to the production of (auto)antibodies against a component of the lipolytic system. Mother's milk should be substituted with banked donor human milk, but this is not an unambiguous demand. Conclusion: Fresh mother's milk caused a decrease in the activity of lipolytic enzyme (lipoprotein lipase). The massive hypertriacylglycerolaemia quickly disappeared after weaning. Two infants with this transient chylomicronaemia syndrome were asymptomatic.
Modelling and rapid simulation of multiple red blood cell light scattering
Authors: Zohdi T.I , Kuypers F.A 
Published: July 2006

The goal of this work is to develop a computational framework to rapidly simulate the light scattering response of multiple red blood cells. Because the wavelength of visible light (3.8×10
−7
m≤
λ
≤7.2×10
−7
m) is approximately an order of magnitude smaller than the diameter of a typical red blood cell scatterer (
d
≈8×10
−6
m), geometric ray-tracing theory is applicable, and can be used to quickly ascertain the amount of optical energy, characterized by the Poynting vector, that is reflected and absorbed by multiple red blood cells. The overall objective is to provide a straightforward approach that can be easily implemented by researchers in the field, using standard desktop computers. Three-dimensional examples are given to illustrate the approach and the results compare quite closely to experiments on blood samples conducted at the Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute (CHORI).
Tobacco consumption and its association with illicit drug use among men in Bangladesh
Authors: Khan M. M. H. , Aklimunnessa K. , Kabir M. A. , Kabir M. , Mori Mitsuru 
Published: July 2006

ABSTRACTAims  This study examined the association of tobacco consumption (smoking and chewing) with illicit drug use among Bangladesh males.Design  Cross‐sectional survey data from the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey 2004 were used.Setting  Bangladesh.Participants  A total of 4297 males aged 15–54 years.Measurements  Age, education, religion, marital status, place of residence; tobacco consumption such as cigarette and bidi smoking, chewing sada, pata, tobacco leaves, gul, betel quid with zarda; taking illicit drugs such as ganja, charas, heroin, pethedine, phensidyl; having sexually transmitted diseases (STDs).Findings  Overall prevalence of tobacco consumption was 59%. Bidi smoking (29.6%), cigarette smoking (27.8%) and chewing betel quid with tobacco/zarda (17.5%) were predominant. Overall prevalence of illicit drug use was 4%. Ganja was the main drug (3%), followed by phensidyl (0.8%), heroin (0.3%) and charas (0.3%). Age, education, place of residence, marital status, having STDs, premarital and extra‐marital sex were associated significantly with tobacco smoking. Almost all variables were also associated significantly with illicit drug use. Smoking cigarettes and bidi and eating tobacco leaves/shada pata/gul showed significantly positive associations with illicit drug use when adjusted for other variables.Conclusions  Tobacco consumption is common and associated positively with the illicit drug use among males in Bangladesh.
Tobacco industry sponsorship of a book and conflict of interest
Authors: Hong Mi‐Kyung , Bero Lisa A. 
Published: July 2006

ABSTRACTAim  The tobacco industry has hidden its involvement in the design, conduct and publication of scientific research articles and has used the articles to argue against tobacco regulation. The objective of this study is to examine tobacco industry involvement in the development of scientific books.Design  Qualitative analysis of previously secret internal tobacco industry documents retrieved from the Legacy Tobacco Documents Library (http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu). Information from the documents was supplemented with material from Internet searches, the National Center for Biotechnology Information Pubmed database and interviews with individuals involved in book publication.Findings  Between 1997 and 1999 the tobacco industry sponsored a monograph, entitled ‘Analytical Determination of Nicotine and Related Compounds and their Metabolites’, that examined the measurement and metabolism of nicotine. The tobacco industry recruited Elsevier Science to publish the monograph. Tobacco industry executives, lawyers and scientists reviewed the chapters. One use of the monograph was to stimulate collaborative efforts between academic and tobacco industry scientists. Another was to provide the book to a government regulatory agency reviewing the teratogenic effects of nicotine.Conclusion  Our findings show the breadth of tobacco industry engagement in scientific knowledge production and dissemination, and its motives for sponsoring scientific literature. The industry’s effort to gain credibility through collaboration with academic scientists raises questions regarding the ethics of accepting tobacco industry funding for publication. Scientists who collaborate on publications sponsored by the tobacco industry must consider the full implications of these joint efforts.
Comparative study between nadolol and 5‐isosorbide mononitrate vs. endoscopic band ligation plus sclerotherapy in the prevention of variceal rebleeding in cirrhotic patients: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: ROMERO G. , KRAVETZ D. , ARGONZ J. , VULCANO C. , SUAREZ A. , FASSIO E. , DOMINGUEZ N. , BOSCO A. , MUÑOZ A. , SALGADO P. , TERG R. 
Published: July 2006

SUMMARYBackground  After variceal bleeding, cirrhotic patients should receive secondary prophylaxis.Aim  To compare nadolol plus 5‐isosorbide mononitrate (5‐ISMN) with endoscopic band ligation. The end points were rebleeding, treatment failure and death.Methods  One hundred and nine cirrhotic patients with a recent variceal bleeding were randomized: nadolol plus 5‐ISMN in 57 patients and endoscopic band ligation in 52 patients.Results  The mean follow‐up was 17 and 19 months in nadolol plus 5‐ISMN and endoscopic band ligation groups, respectively. No differences were observed between groups in upper rebleeding (47% vs. 46%), variceal rebleeding (40% vs. 36%), failure (32% vs. 22%), major complications (7% vs. 13.5%) and death (19% vs. 20%), respectively. The actuarial probability of remaining free of rebleeding, failure and deaths were similar in both groups. Time to rebleeding shows that endoscopic band ligation patients had an early rebleed, with a median of 0.5 month (95% CI: 0.0–4.2) compared with patients from nadolol plus 5‐ISMN, 7.6 months (95% CI: 2.9–12.3, P < 0.013). Multivariate analysis indicated that outcome‐specific predictive factor(s) for rebleeding was Child A vs. B + C (P < 0.01); for failure was Child A vs. B + C (P < 0.02); and for death ascites (P < 0.01) and rebleeding (P < 0.02).Conclusion  This trial suggests no superiority of endoscopic band ligation over nadolol plus 5‐ISMN mononitrate for the prevention of rebleeding in cirrhotic patients.
Analysis of population differentiation in North Eurasian cattle (Bos taurus) using single nucleotide polymorphisms in three genes associated with production traits
Authors: Li M. H. , Adamowicz T. , Switonski M. , Ammosov I. , Ivanova Z. , Kiselyova T. , Popov R. , Kantanen J. 
Published: July 2006

SummarySingle nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in growth hormone 1 (GH1), insulin‐like growth factor 1 (IGF1) and leptin (LEP), all candidates for production traits in cattle, were characterized in North Eurasian cattle breeds. Allele frequencies of IGF1 exhibited significant (P < 0.05) deviation from neutral expectation and therefore, might be associated with divergence in North Eurasian cattle because of genetic selection. Allele frequencies and lower heterozygosity of LEP may indicate a recent introduction of an alternative allele in this geographic region. Locus FST estimates were highest for IGF1 (0.151, σ = 0.042) and lowest for GH (0.062, σ = 0.020). Our results suggest a slightly higher population differentiation across the candidate genes (FST = 0.108) than across microsatellites (FST = 0.095), possibly because of selection and stochastic effects.
An amylase gene polymorphism is associated with growth differences in the Pacific cupped oyster Crassostrea gigas
Authors: Prudence M. , Moal J. , Boudry P. , Daniel J. Y. , Quéré C. , Jeffroy F. , Mingant C. , Ropert M. , Bédier E. , Van Wormhoudt A. , Samain J. F. , Huvet A. 
Published: July 2006

SummaryThis study investigated the non‐neutrality of genetic polymorphism in two alpha‐amylase genes (AMYA and AMYB) in the oyster Crassostrea gigas. Bi‐parental oyster families, bred to be polymorphic for markers in these genes, were monitored for growth and survival for 1 year under standard culture conditions in two French production sites. Within‐family genotype frequencies indicated that the two amylase genes were closely linked (c. 1.7 cM). Within two of three families, significant differences in growth were observed between genotypes at one of the two production sites, suggesting that this polymorphism is not neutral and might be under selection because of its role in digestive function. Estimated daily yields were different between amylase genotypes, indicating the potential value of amylase markers in selective breeding programmes to improve oyster growth.
Quantitative trait loci mapping for fatty acid composition traits in perirenal and back fat using a Japanese wild boar × Large White intercross
Authors: Nii M. , Hayashi T. , Tani F. , Niki A. , Mori N. , Fujishima‐Kanaya N. , Komatsu M. , Aikawa K. , Awata T. , Mikawa S. 
Published: July 2006

SummaryHere, we analysed quantitative trait loci (QTL) for fatty acid composition, one of the factors affecting fat quality, in a Japanese wild boar × Large White cross. We found 25 significant effects for 17 traits at 13 positions at the 5% genome‐wise level, of which 16 effects for 12 traits at 10 positions were significant at the 1% level. QTL for saturated fatty acids (SFA) in back fat were mapped to swine (Sus scrofa) chromosomes (SSC) 1p, 9 and 15. QTL for unsaturated fatty acids in back fat were mapped to SSC1p, 1q, 4, 5, 9, 15 and 17. Using a regression model that fits back fat thickness as a covariate, two of the QTL for linoleic acid content on SSC4 and SSC17 were not significant, but one QTL for total SFA composition was detected on SSC5 with correction for back fat thickness. Wild boar alleles at six of seven QTL tended to increase SFAs and to decrease unsaturated fatty acids. QTL for fatty acid composition in perirenal fat were mapped on SSC2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 14, 16 and X. QTL for melting point (in back fat samples) were mapped on SSC1, 2 and 15. Wild boar alleles in QTL on SSC1 and SSC15 were associated with elevated melting points whereas those on SSC2 were associated with lower melting point measurements.
Acquired resistance to activated protein C (aAPCR) in multiple myeloma is a transitory abnormality associated with an increased risk of venous thromboembolism
Authors: Elice Francesca , Fink Louis , Tricot Guido , Barlogie Bart , Zangari Maurizio 
Published: July 2006

SummaryAcquired activated protein C resistance (aAPCR), not associated with factor V Leiden, has been described in cancer patients with an increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE). APCR was determined in 1178 myeloma patients using an activated partial thromboplastin time‐based resistance assay in the presence of excess of factor V‐deficient plasma; polymerase chain reaction amplification of genomic DNA was used to detect factor V Leiden mutation. A total of 109 patients were found to have abnormal APCR and one‐third of them were carriers for the mutation. With a median follow‐up of 40 months, the presence of aAPCR was associated with a significantly increased risk of thrombosis (P ≤ 0·001). APCR was measured again after treatment in 31 patients with abnormal baseline values and had normalised in 30 of them. This study indicates that aAPCR is the most common single transitory baseline coagulation abnormality associated with VTE in myeloma patients.
The thermal regime of rivers: a review
Authors: CAISSIE D. 
Published: July 2006

Summary1. The thermal regime of rivers plays an important role in the overall health of aquatic ecosystems, including water quality issues and the distribution of aquatic species within the river environment. Consequently, for conducting environmental impact assessments as well as for effective fisheries management, it is important to understand the thermal behaviour of rivers and related heat exchange processes.2. This study reviews the different river thermal processes responsible for water temperature variability on both the temporal (e.g. diel, daily, seasonal) and spatial scales, as well as providing information related to different water temperature models currently found in the literature.3. Water temperature models are generally classified into three groups: regression, stochastic and deterministic models. Deterministic models employ an energy budget approach to predict river water temperature, whereas regression and stochastic models generally rely on air to water temperature relationships.4. Water temperature variability can occur naturally or as a result of anthropogenic perturbations, such as thermal pollution, deforestation, flow modification and climate change. Literature information is provided on the thermal regime of rivers in relation to anthropogenic impacts and such information will contribute to the better protection of fish habitat and more efficient fisheries management.