bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimal overcurrent relay coordination: Balancing costs, time performance and generator placement in fault current limiter optimization
Authors: Mohamedshareef Ribin , Abapour Mehdi , Hosseini Seyed Hossein , Seyedi Heresh 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe integration of synchronous generators (SG) to the grid will present serious problems in some instances. The increase in fault current level is one of the most crucial issues, which causes miscoordination between directional over current relays (DOCRs), in addition to putting excessive pressure on the circuit breakers. This research uses the Fault Current Limiters (FCL) to restore coordination, without changing the settings of DOCRs, by reducing the level of fault current in the grid. The main goal of this research is to find the optimal size, location, and number of FCLs at the minimum cost and with the least operation time for the relays, using Jellyfish Search Optimisation (JSO) algorithm. This can be achieved through three different approaches. The first one is optimizing the location, number, and impedance size of the FCL by minimising a cost function. The second approach involves optimizing the backup relay operation time. A combination of the two previous approaches is used as the third approach. The outstanding feature of this research is that it considers the optimal location of DG and FCL while optimizing the operation times of DOCRs, which is a new framework.
Voltage angle‐based coherency identification in power system
Authors: Alnassar Zainab , Selukka Thulasiram Nagarajan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCoherency detection in power system is vital step for controlled‐islanding. Model‐based slow‐coherency method is the traditional method of detecting coherent areas, which suffers from computational burdens. With the implementation of a wide‐area measurement system (WAMS) in power systems, coherent areas can be detected early after a disturbance that helps to ensure quick separation or remedial action. In this study, a novel Synchrophasor‐based coherency identification method has been proposed with bus voltage angle measurement. A new algorithm is proposed based on the first and second derivatives of the bus voltage phase angle using hierarchical clustering method for coherency detection. The proposed approach leverages hierarchical clustering method and the dynamics reflected in the bus voltage phase angle behavior to achieve automatic and accurate coherency identification. Real time simulation results demonstrate the ability of the proposed algorithm to detect the coherency with three consecutive PMU data from all the system buses and showcase coherent area boundaries. Case studies show robustness of the proposed method and is least affected by the latency in communication network compared to conventional methods. The proposed algorithm has been mathematically formulated and evaluated with different benchmark systems in OPAL‐RT real‐time simulation environment with HYPERSIM platform.
Multi‐exposure embeddings for graph learning: Towards high dynamic range image saliency prediction
Authors: Xing Jun , Zhang Qiudan , Shen Xuelin , Wang Xu 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIdentifying saliency in high dynamic range (HDR) images is a fundamentally important issue in HDR imaging, and plays critical roles towards comprehensive scene understanding. Most of existing studies leverage hand‐crafted features for HDR image saliency prediction, lacking the capabilities of fully exploiting the characteristics of HDR image (i.e. wider luminance range and richer colour gamut). Here, systematical studies are carried out on HDR image saliency prediction by proposing a new framework to single out the contributions from multi‐exposure images. Specifically, inspired by the mechanism of HDR imaging, the method first utilizes graph neural networks to model the relations among multi‐exposure images and the tone‐mapped image obtained from an HDR image, enabling more discriminative saliency‐related feature representations. Subsequently, the saliency features driven by global semantic knowledge are aggregated from the tone‐mapped image through enhancing global context‐aware semantic information. Finally, a fusion module is designed to integrate saliency‐oriented feature representations originated from multi‐exposure images and the tone‐mapped image, producing the saliency maps of HDR images. Moreover, a new challenging HDR eye fixation database (HDR‐EYEFix) is created, expecting to further contribute the research on HDR image saliency prediction. Experiment results show that the method obtains superior performance compared to the state‐of‐the‐art methods.
A novel automatic annotation method for whole slide pathological images combined clustering and edge detection technique
Authors: Ding Wei‐long , Liao Wan‐yin , Zhu Xiao‐jie , Zhu Hong‐bo 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPixel‐level labeling of regions of interest in an image is a key step in building a labeled training dataset for supervised deep learning networks of images. However, traditional manual labeling of cancerous regions in digital pathological images by doctors is time‐consuming and inefficient. To address this issue, this paper proposes an automatic labeling method for whole slide images, which combines clustering and edge detection techniques. The proposed method utilizes the multi‐level feature fusion model and the Long‐Short Term Memory network to discriminate the cancerous nature of the whole slide images, thereby improving the classification accuracy of the whole slide images. Subsequently, the automatic labeling of cancerous regions is achieved by integrating a density‐based clustering algorithm and an edge point extraction algorithm, both based on the discriminated results of the cancerous properties of whole slide images. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, which offers an efficient and accurate solution to the challenging task of cancerous region labeling in digital pathological images.
The Impact of Aging on the Function of Retinal Ganglion Cells
Authors: Prinz Julia , Walter Peter , Liu Hanhan , Prokosch Verena 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAging is a major risk factor for retinal neurodegenerative diseases. Aged mammalian
retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) lack the ability to regenerate axons after injury. Rodent
models suggest that older age increases the vulnerability of RGCs to injury and impairs
RGC function as well as their functional recovery. Molecular changes – including decreased
circulating levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) – might contribute to
impaired RGC dendritic extension during aging. Moreover, age-related mitochondrial
dysfunction plays a major role in aging processes, as it leads to reduced adenosine
triphosphate and increased generation of reactive oxygen species. Autophagy activity is
necessary for the maintenance of cellular homeostasis and decreases with aging in the
central nervous system. During aging, vascular insufficiency may lead to impaired oxygen
and nutrient supply to RGCs. Microglial cells undergo morphological changes and functional
impairment with aging, which might compromise retinal homeostasis and promote an
inflammatory environment. Addressing these age-related changes by means of a low-energy
diet, exercise, and neurotrophic factors might prevent age-related functional impairment
of RGCs. This review focuses on the current understanding of aging RGCs and key players
modulating those underlying mechanisms.
Enhanced orbital magnetic moment of Co film grown on Fe3O4(001)
Authors: Zhang Zhe , Lu Xianyang , Li Zhihao , Li Zhuoyi , Yan Yu , Chen Yuzhe , Du Jun , Zhu Fangyuan , Cao Jiefeng , Wang Yong , Li Yao , He Liang , Wu Jing , Zhang Rong , Xu Yongbing 
Published: February 2024

We investigate the magnetic and electronic properties of Co films on Fe3O4(001) achieved through epitaxial growth using magnetron sputtering. X-ray magnetic circularly dichroism measurements characterize the atomic magnetism. Compared to Co films on the MgO substrate, Co on Fe3O4 exhibits a 96% enhancement in orbital magnetic moment (from 0.25 to 0.49 µB/atom) and an increase in spin magnetic moment (from 1.37 to 1.53 µB/atom), resulting in an increased mratio(ml/ms) from 0.18 to 0.32. This enhancement of the orbital moment emerges as a consequence of the interface interaction between Co and Fe3O4. Density functional theory calculations attribute this heightened orbital magnetic moment to the robust electronic exchange interactions. Our findings not only offer insights into the modulation of magnetic and electronic characteristics in Co-based magnetic heterostructures but also provide valuable implications for the potential application of magnetic oxide/ferromagnetic heterostructures in future spintronic devices.
Origin of microscopically coupled ferromagnetic Cu-ions in a distorted system of Cu-doped ZnO and their synchrotron-based electronic structures
Authors: Kumar A. , Ghosh T. , Aabdin Z. , Roy J. , Verma V. K. , Ghosh A. , Sahoo S. K. , Urkude R. , Bhunia S. , Goutam U. K. , Amemiya K. , Kandasami A. , Singh V. R. 
Published: February 2024

Spintronics-based studies have produced significant attention in the last decade while claiming the observation of room temperature ferromagnetism (RTFM). Nevertheless, there is a lack of consensus on a mechanism responsible for this phenomenon. In this study, we focus on Cu-doped ZnO (ZCO) to understand the microscopic origin of RTFM and the role of different oxidation states of Cu in RTFM. We have performed different spectroscopic techniques using synchrotron facilities. The values of spin-moment obtained from x-ray magnetic circular dichroism sum-rule truly exhibit a ferromagnetic interaction in the nanocrystalline powder of ZCO with ∼0.58 μB for 5% of Cu concentration in the total fluorescence yield mode. Such an enhanced magnetization is attributed to the presence of Cu2+, which is mainly localized in the bulk region. Cu in ZCO is mostly dominated by the presence of Cu2+. This is clearly reflected by the profiles of x-ray photoemission spectroscopy. Consequently, the weakly magnetized total electron yield mode is attributed to a state of magnetic frustration as the majority of Cu3+ is found on the surface. Some of these Cu3+ when come in the vicinity of Cu2+ ions result in a highly correlated state of double exchange mechanism, which is the microscopic origin of RTFM in ZCO. The coupling between Cu2+-Cu3+ is mediated via oxygen vacancies (VO), the presence of which is confirmed through the features of electron energy loss spectroscopy over different edges. The confirmation of VO is also supported by the deconvolution of E2high-phonon in the Raman spectra. Moreover, the defects in the local electronic structures of ZCO are demonstrated by the deconvoluted spectra of Cu L3 x-ray absorption spectroscopy. The images obtained from high-resolution transmission electron microscopy confirm the incorporation of Cu into the wurtzite crystal of ZnO. A clear enhancement in magnetization upon an increase in carriers of Cu in ZCO indicates carrier-induced ferromagnetism. Cu2+ and VO are the two attributes of RTFM in ZCO.
High-throughput computational screening of MOF adsorbents for efficient propane capture from air and natural gas mixtures
Authors: Ercakir Goktug , Aksu Gokhan Onder , Keskin Seda 
Published: February 2024

In this study, we used a high-throughput computational screening approach to examine the potential of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) for capturing propane (C3H8) from different gas mixtures. We focused on Quantum MOF (QMOF) database composed of both synthesized and hypothetical MOFs and performed Grand Canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulations to compute C3H8/N2/O2/Ar and C3H8/C2H6/CH4 mixture adsorption properties of MOFs. The separation of C3H8 from air mixture and the simultaneous separation of C3H8 and C2H6 from CH4 were studied for six different adsorption-based processes at various temperatures and pressures, including vacuum-swing adsorption (VSA), pressure-swing adsorption (PSA), vacuum–temperature swing adsorption (VTSA), and pressure-temperature swing adsorption (PTSA). The results of molecular simulations were used to evaluate the MOF adsorbents and the type of separation processes based on selectivity, working capacity, adsorbent performance score, and regenerability. Our results showed that VTSA is the most effective process since many MOFs offer high regenerability (&gt;90%) combined with high C3H8 selectivity (&gt;7 × 103) and high C2H6 + C3H8 selectivity (&gt;100) for C3H8 capture from air and natural gas mixtures, respectively. Analysis of the top MOFs revealed that materials with narrow pores (&lt;10 Å) and low porosities (&lt;0.7), having aromatic ring linkers, alumina or zinc metal nodes, typically exhibit a superior C3H8 separation performance. The top MOFs were shown to outperform commercial zeolite, MFI for C3H8 capture from air, and several well-known MOFs for C3H8 capture from natural gas stream. These results will direct the experimental efforts to the most efficient C3H8 capture processes by providing key molecular insights into selecting the most useful adsorbents.
Vector gap solitons of spin-orbit-coupled Bose-Einstein condensate in square optical lattice
Authors: Wang Qingqing , Tu Pu , Ma Jinping , Shao Kaihua , Zhao Xi , Xi Baolong , Song Yan , Shi Yuren 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Vector gap solitons in quasi-two-dimensional Bose–Einstein condensate loaded in a square optical lattice with spin-orbit and Rabi coupling are investigated theoretically. The solitons are obtained by the Newton-Conjugate-Gradient method for various physical parameters. The stability properties of gap solitons are theoretically analyzed by direct nonlinear dynamical evolution. It is found that the existence of gap solitons is sensitive to the spin-orbit and Rabi coupling strength. Smaller Rabi coupling strength is beneficial for the excitation of solitons in the semi-infinite gap. Conversely, larger Rabi coupling strength is beneficial for the soliton excitation in the first gap. The dynamical stability of these gap solitons depends on the spin-orbit and Rabi coupling strength, and the location of the soliton in the bandgap. These findings may contribute to understanding the topological excitations in condensed matter systems.
Unexpected versatile electrical transport behaviors of ferromagnetic nickel films
Authors: Zhang Kai-Xuan , Xu Hanshu , Keum Jihoon , Wang Xiangqi , Liu Meizhuang , Chen Zuxin 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) of magnets is paramount for electrically controlled spintronics due to their intrinsic potentials for higher memory density, scalability, thermal stability and endurance, surpassing an in-plane magnetic anisotropy (IMA). Nickel film is a long-lived fundamental element ferromagnet, yet its electrical transport behavior associated with magnetism has not been comprehensively studied, hindering corresponding spintronic applications exploiting nickel-based compounds. Here, we systematically investigate the highly versatile magnetism and corresponding transport behavior of nickel films. As the thickness reduces within the general thickness regime of a magnet layer for a memory device, the hardness of nickel films’ ferromagnetic loop of anomalous Hall effect increases and then decreases, reflecting the magnetic transitions from IMA to PMA and back to IMA. Additionally, the square ferromagnetic loop changes from a hard to a soft one at rising temperatures, indicating a shift from PMA to IMA. Furthermore, we observe a butterfly magnetoresistance resulting from the anisotropic magnetoresistance effect, which evolves in conjunction with the thickness and temperature-dependent magnetic transformations as a complementary support. Our findings unveil the rich magnetic dynamics and most importantly settle down the most useful guiding information for current-driven spintronic applications based on nickel film: The hysteresis loop is squarest for the ∼8 nm-thick nickel film, of highest hardness with Rxy
r
/Rxy
s
∼ 1 and minimum Hs
−Hc
, up to 125 K; otherwise, extra care should be taken for a different thickness or at a higher temperature.
Dynamic rail wear measurement: integration of RTK GNSS, IMU, and laser
Authors: Li Yongjiang , Zhao Qile , Huang Shengxiang , Liu Jingnan 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Currently, laser sensors are widely utilized in railway systems for monitoring rail wear. However, the lack or insufficiency of rail waist data poses a challenge to accurately match profiles and calculate wear. In this paper, we propose a novel approach for dynamic rail wear monitoring that comprises three major modules: a filtering methodology to smooth rail profile data, fine compensation to calibrate the angle distortion, and fast profile alignment. Initially, the AF technique and Kalman filter are applied to reconstruct the profile. This is followed by integrating real-time kinematic global navigation satellite system, inertial measurement unit, and laser to precisely correct the rail profile dynamic distortion. Additionally, genetic algorithms-least squares method is used for rapid determination of the R20mm center of the profile. Rigorous testing and trials have demonstrated that our proposed approach achieves precision as low as 0.03 mm with significant potential in dynamic rail wear monitoring.
PETformer network enables ultra-low-dose total-body PET imaging without structural prior
Authors: Li Yuxiang , Li Yusheng 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Objective. Positron emission tomography (PET) is essential for non-invasive imaging of metabolic processes in healthcare applications. However, the use of radiolabeled tracers exposes patients to ionizing radiation, raising concerns about carcinogenic potential, and warranting efforts to minimize doses without sacrificing diagnostic quality. Approach. In this work, we present a novel neural network architecture, PETformer, designed for denoising ultra-low-dose PET images without requiring structural priors such as computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging. The architecture utilizes a U-net backbone, synergistically combining multi-headed transposed attention blocks with kernel-basis attention and channel attention mechanisms for both short- and long-range dependencies and enhanced feature extraction. PETformer is trained and validated on a dataset of 317 patients imaged on a total-body uEXPLORER PET/CT scanner. Main results. Quantitative evaluations using structural similarity index measure and liver signal-to-noise ratio showed PETformer’s significant superiority over other established denoising algorithms across different dose-reduction factors. Significance. Its ability to identify and recover intrinsic anatomical details from background noise with dose reductions as low as 2% and its capacity in maintaining high target-to-background ratios while preserving the integrity of uptake values of small lesions enables PET-only fast and accurate disease diagnosis. Furthermore, PETformer exhibits computational efficiency with only 37 M trainable parameters, making it well-suited for commercial integration.
Correlation function and the inverse problem in the BD interaction*
Authors: Li 李 Hai-Peng 海鹏 , Yi 义 Jing-Yu 景宇 , Xiao 肖 Chu-Wen 楮文 , Yao 姚 De-Liang 德良 , Liang 梁 Wei-Hong 伟红 , Oset Eulogio 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
We study the correlation functions of the

system, which develops a bound state of approximately

, using inputs consistent with the

state. Then, we address the inverse problem starting from these correlation functions to determine the scattering observables related to the system, including the existence of the bound state and its molecular nature. The important output of the approach is the uncertainty with which these observables can be obtained, considering errors in the

correlation functions typical of current values in correlation functions. We find that it is possible to obtain scattering lengths and effective ranges with relatively high precision and the existence of a bound state. Although the pole position is obtained with errors of the order of 50% of the binding energy, the molecular probability of the state is obtained with a very small error of the order of 6%. All these findings serve as motivation to perform such measurements in future runs of high energy hadron collisions.
Optical design of reflective Bragg mirrors for EUV photolithography
Authors: Tsai Yu-Yen , Chen Ting-Wei 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
In this article. we investigate the optical characteristics of reflective extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) mirrors for the application of lithography for 7 nm node and below. By using the conventional quarter-wavelength stacked Bragg reflective configuration of Si-based metal multilayers centered at soft x-ray 13.5 nm, the maximum reflection is numerically computed to be approximately 0.7 at nearly normal incidence, which is consistent to the typical values reported by Advanced Semiconductor Materials Lithography (ASML) for Mo/Si stacked multilayers. The full width half maximum (FWHM) bandwidth is

0.65
∼
0.78

nm. In our numerical simulation, moreover, we find Nb/Si reflective mirrors can be potentially utilized to replace Mo/Si stacked multilayers in order to harvest more EUV light inside the scanners.
Real-time experimental investigation of a multi-flow biomass gasifier by using various locally available wood biomass
Authors: Attri Vikas , Sharma Avdhesh Kr. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Biomass gasification is one of the prominent technologies for thermal applications, electricity generation through engines. The present investigation was carried out to obtain behavior of multi-flow gasifier by using locally available wood biomass chips (i.e., Acacia Nilotica & Eucalyptus biomass). Experiments were conducted to examine the variation of gas composition, LHV, cold gasification efficiency, equivalence ratio at different flow rates, and pressure drop with the time in complete operation of gasifier. Result shows that producer gas obtained from this gasifier has maximum lower heating value of 4.39 MJ/kg with hydrogen gas (13.61% vol/vol) and carbon monoxide (15.61% vol/vol). The composition of CH4 in producer gas was less than 2%. The maximum cold gas efficiency of 72.2% was obtained at optimal equivalence ratio of 0.309 with gas flow rate of 5 g s−1 with moisture content of 7.51%. These locally available wood can be appropriate feedstock for gasifiers. The clean and cooled gas can be utilized in internal combustion engines or turbines for clean power production.
On codimension one stability of the soliton for the 1D focusing cubic Klein-Gordon equation
Authors: Lührmann Jonas , Schlag Wilhelm 
Published: February 2024

We consider the codimension one asymptotic stability problem for the soliton of the focusing cubic Klein-Gordon equation on the line under even perturbations. The main obstruction to full asymptotic stability on the center-stable manifold is a small divisor in a quadratic source term of the perturbation equation. This singularity is due to the threshold resonance of the linearized operator and the absence of null structure in the nonlinearity. The threshold resonance of the linearized operator produces a one-dimensional space of slowly decaying Klein-Gordon waves, relative to local norms. In contrast, the closely related perturbation equation for the sine-Gordon kink does exhibit null structure, which makes the corresponding quadratic source term amenable to normal forms (see Lührmann and Schlag [Duke Math. J. 172 (2023), pp. 2715–2820]).

The main result of this work establishes decay estimates up to exponential time scales for small “codimension one type” perturbations of the soliton of the focusing cubic Klein-Gordon equation. The proof is based upon a super-symmetric approach to the study of modified scattering for 1D nonlinear Klein-Gordon equations with Pöschl-Teller potentials from Lührmann and Schlag [Duke Math. J. 172 (2023), pp. 2715–2820], and an implementation of a version of an adapted functional framework introduced by Germain and Pusateri [Forum Math. Pi 10 (2022), p. 172].