bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Audiological Issues in Children with Cleft Lip and Palate in One Area of the U.K.
Authors: Moss A. L. H. , Fonseca S. 
Published: September 2006

Objective The purpose of this study was to determine the extent of multidisciplinary care and audiological services rendered to children with CL/P who underwent surgical repair of the cleft in 1998 and 1999. This followed proposals to radically reorganize cleft lip and palate services in the U.K. after unsatisfactory findings in a national review. Method Information was obtained from questionnaires sent to clinicians (audiologists; ear, nose, and throat surgeons; and community pediatricians) from audiology teams, and parents were asked to retrieve information from their Personal Child Health Record. Standards chosen were based on the Clinical Standards Advisory Group, the South Thames Audiology Audit Group, and the National Deaf Children's Society. Results None of the agreed standards were achieved at an acceptable level. Conclusions This demonstrates the need for better communication systems between teams, including better use by parents and professionals of the Personal Child Health Record. A clinical care pathway is suggested here with other recommendations.
Velopharyngeal Anatomy in 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome: A Three-Dimensional Cephalometric Analysis
Authors: Ruotolo Rachel A. , Veitia Nestor A. , Corbin Aaron , McDonough Joseph , Solot Cynthia B. , McDonald-McGinn Donna , Zackai Elaine H. , Emanuel Beverly S. , Cnaan Avital , LaRossa Don , Arens Raanan , Kirschner Richard E. 
Published: September 2006

Objective 22q11.2 deletion syndrome is the most common genetic cause of velopharyngeal dysfunction (VPD). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a promising method for noninvasive, three-dimensional (3D) assessment of velopharyngeal (VP) anatomy. The purpose of this study was to assess VP structure in patients with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome by using 3D MRI analysis. Design This was a retrospective analysis of magnetic resonance images obtained in patients with VPD associated with a 22q11.2 deletion compared with a normal control group. Setting This study was conducted at The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, a pediatric tertiary care center. Patients, Participants The study group consisted of 5 children between the ages of 2.9 and 7.9 years, with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome confirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis. All had VPD confirmed by nasendoscopy or videofluoroscopy. The control population consisted of 123 unaffected patients who underwent MRI for reasons other than VP assessment. Interventions Axial and sagittal T1- and T2-weighted magnetic resonance images with 3-mm slice thickness were obtained from the orbit to the larynx in all patients by using a 1.5T Siemens Visions system. Outcome Measures Linear, angular, and volumetric measurements of VP structures were obtained from the magnetic resonance images with VIDA image-processing software. Results The study group demonstrated greater anterior and posterior cranial base and atlanto-dental angles. They also demonstrated greater pharyngeal cavity volume and width and lesser tonsillar and adenoid volumes. Conclusion Patients with a 22q11.2 deletion demonstrate significant alterations in VP anatomy that may contribute to VPD.
Hard Palate Repair Timing and Facial Morphology in Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate: before versus after Pubertal Peak Velocity Age
Authors: Liao Yu-Fang , Mars Michael 
Published: September 2006

Objective To investigate whether timing of hard palate repair, before versus after pubertal peak velocity age, had a significant effect on facial growth in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate. Design Retrospective cross-sectional study. Setting Sri Lankan Cleft Lip and Palate Project. Patients A total of 125 adult patients with nonsyndromic unilateral cleft lip and palate were recruited and their last cephalometric radiographs were used. Main Outcome Measures Clinical notes were used to record surgical treatment histories. Cephalometry was used to determine facial morphology. Results The patients who had hard palate repair after pubertal peak velocity age had a deeper bony pharynx (Ba-PMP), a longer alveolar maxilla (PMP-A), a longer effective length of the maxilla (Ar-ANS, Ar-A), and as a result had a more favorable anteroposterior jaw relation (ANS-N-Pog, ANB, NAPog) and larger overjet, compared with those who had hard palate repair before pubertal peak velocity age. Conclusion Timing of hard palate repair significantly affects the growth of the maxilla in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate. Hard palate repair after (versus before) pubertal peak velocity age has a smaller adverse effect on the forward growth of the maxilla. This timing affects the forward displacement of the basal maxilla and the anteroposterior development of the maxillary dentoalveolus.
Centralization of Services: Standard Setting and Outcomes
Authors: Hathorn I. S. , Atack N. E. , Butcher G. , Dickson J. , Durning P. , Hammond M. , Knight H. , Mitchell N. , Nixon F. , Shinn D. , Sandy J. R. 
Published: September 2006

Objective To test specific standards set in the newly established cleft lip and palate service in three regions of the U.K. The standards relate to record collection and outcomes. Design Retrospective analysis. Patients Records of 31 children, 5 years of age, who were born in 1997 with complete unilateral clefts of lip and palate and were treated by surgeons in three regions. Main outcome measures Record collection standards were measured by collecting dental study models. Outcomes were measured with the 5-Year-Old Index. Results Of the 31 subjects, 52% had excellent and good outcomes. The 31 cases represented 62% of the total records collected. Conclusions The three regions examined fell short of the standards set, but the outcomes were improved compared with previous national outcomes. The failings in record collection need to be rectified. This study provides baseline data for further development of cleft services within three regions.
Prevalence of a Simonart's Band in Patients with Complete Cleft Lip and Alveolus and Complete Cleft Lip and Palate
Authors: da Silva Filho Omar Gabriel , Santamaria Milton , da Silva Dalben Gisele , Semb Gunvor 
Published: September 2006

Objective To investigate the prevalence of the presence of a soft tissue bridge (Simonart's band) in patients with complete cleft lip and alveolus and complete cleft lip and palate. Design Cross-sectional. Sample We assessed 407 consecutive unoperated patients first attending the Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies of University of São Paulo, in Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil, in the year 2000. The patients were classified as presenting complete cleft of the primary palate or of the primary and secondary palate, unilateral or bilateral, as follows: unilateral cleft lip, bilateral cleft lip, unilateral cleft lip and palate, and bilateral cleft lip and palate. Method Clinical examination. The band was considered as present whenever there was a soft tissue bridge between the separated alveolar ridges, regardless of volume and position. Results were analyzed by descriptive statistics and were expressed as percentages, according to the type of cleft. Conclusion 31.2% of patients presented with Simonart's band. The band was observed more frequently in patients with unilateral clefts than in patients with bilateral clefts, and in patients with complete cleft lip and alveolus than in patients with complete cleft lip and palate.
Primary Rhinoplasty in Unilateral Cleft Patients: The “Limited Open” Approach and Other Technical Considerations
Authors: Ahuja Rajeev B. 
Published: September 2006

Objective To validate a method of primary anatomic alar repositioning using a “limited open rhinoplasty” approach, along with cleft lip repair, without presurgical orthopedics. Methods The cleft lip deformities were repaired using a modified Tennison technique, and primary muscle union and gingivoperiosteoplasty were achieved in all cases. The alar cartilages were visualized using an inverted “U” incision on the cleft side and a rim incision on the noncleft side, without joining the two with a transcolumellar incision. The domes of the cartilages were approximated by a single horizontal mattress suture. Patients Thirty-five patients were operated on by this technique between March 1999 and February 2004. The patients ranged in age from 4 to 36 months (mean, 6 months). The follow-up ranged from 4 months to 4.5 years (mean, 18 months). Results Overall, the results for nasal shape and symmetry have been extremely good. Conclusions The technique used here provides an exposure just short of an “open” rhinoplasty without scarring the columella or nasal tip. Arch alignment and a symmetric and stable bony platform are generally achieved by 2 to 3 months after the surgery. In severe cases of complete clefts, we have observed an absolute increase in alar arch length as a result of tissue stretch.
Comparison of Facial Morphology in Two Populations with Complete Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate from Two Different Centers
Authors: Daskalogiannakis John , Dijkman Gabriëlle E. H. M. , Kuijpers-Jagtman Anne Marie , Ross R. Bruce 
Published: September 2006

Objective To identify differences in craniofacial morphology of two populations with a history of complete unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) treated under different protocols. Design Retrospective longitudinal cohort study. Setting Cleft Center of the University of Nijmegen, The Netherlands, and the Cleft Lip and Palate Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada. Subjects Nineteen patients (16 male, 3 female) from Nijmegen and 19 patients (16 male, 3 female) from Toronto. Each patient was matched for sex and age with a patient from the other group. The mean ages at which lateral cephalometric radiographs were available for the Nijmegen group were 5.5, 9.9, and 18.3 years, while for the Toronto group these were available at mean ages of 5.3, 10.1, and 18.3 years, respectively. Eighteen patients from the Nijmegen group received an alveolar bone graft at a mean age of 9.5 years (range 8.2 to 13.5 years). None of the patients from Toronto received bone grafts. Main Outcome Measures Eighteen cephalometric variables per radiograph were calculated at each time registration, using Dentofacial Planner cephalometric software. Statistical evaluation was performed with repeated-measures analysis of variance. Results No differences were seen in the maxillary measurements. The patients in the Toronto group had significantly larger mandibles at all three time registrations. Conclusions The Nijmegen and Toronto protocols resulted in similar maxillary projections in patients with UCLP. Comparison of data from other studies supports the contention that the larger profile convexity of the Nijmegen group is a reflection of a genetically determined smaller mandibular size in the Dutch population.
Adolescents with Craniofacial Anomalies: Psychosocial Adjustment as a Function of Self-Concept
Authors: Bilboul Monica J. , Pope Alice W. , Snyder Heather T. 
Published: September 2006

Objective To evaluate associations between self-concept and psychosocial adjustment among adolescents with craniofacial anomalies. Design Retrospective chart review. Setting Reconstructive plastic surgery department in urban medical center. Participants Forty-nine adolescents with congenital craniofacial anomalies, aged 14 to 18 years, and their parents. Main Outcome Measures Psychosocial adjustment (internalizing problems and social competence), assessed by self-report and parent-report forms of the Child Behavior Checklist; appearance self-concept and global self-worth, assessed by the Self-Perception Profile for Adolescents. Results Both appearance self-concept and global self-worth were associated with psychosocial adjustment; however, global self-worth remained associated with adjustment when the effects of appearance self-concept were controlled, whereas appearance self-concept was no longer associated with adjustment when global self-worth was controlled. Demographic variables (ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and adolescent gender) largely failed to moderate the associations between self-concept and adjustment. Conclusions Adolescent dissatisfaction with appearance is linked to psychosocial adjustment problems only when it is part of a negative overall view of the self.
Test-Retest Nasalance Score Variability in Hypernasal Speakers
Authors: Watterson Thomas , Lewis Kerry E. 
Published: September 2006

Objective The objective of this study was to evaluate test-retest nasalance score variability in subjects with hypernasal resonance. Design Two groups of subjects with hypernasal speech recited both the Turtle Passage and the Mouse Passage two times each. For one group, the Nasometer headgear was not changed between repetitions of each stimulus (NCHG; n = 17); and for the other group, the headgear was changed between repetitions (CHG; n = 18). Three subjects in the CHG group would not recite the Mouse Passage two times. Participants The subjects were 35 patients with hypernasal speech followed by a cleft palate team. Main Outcome Measures The outcome measures were the four nasalance scores obtained for each subject. Results There was no significant difference between first and second repetitions for either stimulus in either the NCHG group or in the CHG group. Cumulative frequency tables showed that for the Turtle Passage-NCHG condition, 15 of the 17 (88%) repeated nasalance scores were within 5 nasalance points of each other. For the CHG condition, however, only 9 of 18 (50%) repeated nasalance scores were within 5 points. For the Mouse Passage-NCHG condition, 15 of the 17 (88%) repeated nasalance scores were within 5 points. For the CHG condition, however, only 11 of 15 (73%) repeated scores were within 5 points. Conclusions Test-retest variability was greater in a population of hypernasal patients than that reported in other studies for normal speakers, and headgear change increased test-retest variability.
Arousal at encoding, arousal at retrieval, interviewer support, and children's memory for a mild stressor
Authors: Quas Jodi A. , Lench Heather C. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe relations among children's physiological arousal at encoding and retrieval, interviewer‐provided social support and children's memory for a mild stressor were examined in 109 five‐ and six‐year‐olds. The children came to a research laboratory and watched a fear eliciting video clip. A week later, their memory for the video clip was tested by either a supportive or nonsupportive interviewer. While watching the video and completing the memory interview, children's heart rate was monitored. Increased heart rate at encoding was associated with fewer incorrect responses. In contrast, increased heart rate at retrieval was associated with poorer memory, but only when the interviewer was nonsupportive. Heart rate was unrelated to memory when the interviewer was supportive. Results suggest that arousal at encoding and retrieval have different implications for children's memory for a mild stressor, particularly in nonsupportive interview contexts. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A comparison of working memory skills and learning in children with developmental coordination disorder and moderate learning difficulties
Authors: Alloway Tracy Packiam , Temple Kathryn Joanne 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe present study compared 6–11 years old with developmental coordination disorder (DCD) and those with moderate learning difficulties (MLD) on measures of memory (verbal short‐term and working memory, visuo‐spatial short‐term and working memory), literacy and numeracy, and IQ. The findings indicate that children with DCD appear to be impaired in all four areas of memory function; in particular they performed at significantly lower levels than children with MLD in measures of verbal short‐term memory, visuo‐spatial short‐term and working memory. In contrast, performance of children with MLD in the memory measures was within age‐expected levels, with deficits observed only in verbal working memory tasks. There were also differential links between memory and attainment between the two groups, and these were significant even after statistically accounting for the contribution of IQ. Reasons for why working memory contributes to learning in these two developmental groups are discussed. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sub‐kilogram‐Scale One‐Pot Synthesis of Highly Luminescent and Monodisperse Core/Shell Quantum Dots by the Successive Injection of Precursors
Authors: Kim J. I. , Lee J.‐K. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe one‐pot synthesis of core/shell quantum dots (QDs) represents an attractive alternative to conventional synthesis techniques, where the core CdSe QDs are first purified and then an epitaxial shell of the desired thickness is obtained by the slow addition of shell precursors to a solution of the purified QDs at high temperature. We have developed a one‐pot synthesis procedure involving the successive injection of deliberately selected core‐ and shell‐forming reagents at appropriate temperatures. Sub‐kilogram quantities of highly luminescent and monodisperse core/shell QDs with desirable optical properties (full width at half maximum of photoluminescence (PL) band is ca. 30 nm) have been produced by the sequential growth of the core and shell in a controlled manner. This one‐pot method has also been extended to form water‐soluble core/double‐shell CdSe/ZnSe/ZnS QDs exhibiting high PL efficiency and stability.
NF‐kB inhibition as a strategy to enhance etoposide‐induced apoptosis in K562 cell line
Authors: Morotti A. , Cilloni D. , Pautasso M. , Messa F. , Arruga F. , Defilippi I. , Carturan S. , Catalano R. , Rosso V. , Chiarenza A. , Taulli R. , Bracco E. , Rege‐Cambrin G. , Gottardi E. , Saglio G. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractNF‐kB is a transcription factor that mediates antiapoptotic signals in several cancer cell lines. Here we have demonstrated that the cytotoxic drug, Etoposide, activates NF‐kB in K562, a chronic myeloid leukemia blast crisis cell line. Treatment with the NF‐kB inhibitors MG‐132, Bay11‐7082, and Resveratrol impedes Etoposide‐induced NF‐kB activation, rendering K562 sensitive to Etoposide‐induced apoptosis. Stable expression of mutant form of IkB‐α, which retains NF‐kB inactive in the cytoplasm of cells, confirmed the data obtained with molecular inhibitors. Both inhibitors and stable expression of SR‐IkB are associated with down‐modulation of the antiapoptotic protein Bcl‐xL, suggesting that the survival pathway activated by Etoposide involves NF‐kB‐mediated Bcl‐xL expression. Am. J. Hematol., 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cognitive impairment and olfactory panic from occupational exposure to VOCs
Authors: Reinhartz Abe 
Published: September 2006

AbstractBackgroundA Canadian government clerical worker in her early thirties developed frontal lobe dysfunction from inhalation of volatile organic compounds off‐gassed during an office renovation.MethodsPulmonary function, bronchial provocation, allergy testing, and a brain (SPECT) scan were performed.ResultsSPECT scanning showed frontotemporal hypoperfusion and neuropsychologic testing revealed deficits in verbal learning and poor organizational memory.ConclusionsA significant component of this worker's impairment was the development of “olfactory panic,” a debilitating aversion to odor accompanied by symptoms of panic. The Ontario Workplace Safety and Insurance Appeals Tribunal granted entitlement for her cognitive difficulties and olfactory panic as a result of her toxic exposure. Am. J. Ind. Med. 49:862–864, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Continued exposure to silica after diagnosis of silicosis in Brazilian gold miners
Authors: Carneiro Ana Paula Scalia , Barreto Sandhi Maria , Siqueira Arminda Lucia , Cavariani Fulvio , Forastiere Francesco 
Published: September 2006

AbstractBackgroundThere is a paucity of studies analyzing the effect of continued silica exposure after the onset of silicosis with regard to disease progression. The present study investigates differences in clinical and radiological presentation of silicosis among former workers with a diagnosis of silicosis, and compares workers who continued to be exposed to silica with those who stopped silica exposure after having received their diagnosis.MethodsA sample of 83 former gold miners with a median of 21 years from the first diagnoses of silicosis, had their clinical and occupational histories taken and underwent both chest radiography (International Labor Organization standards) and spirometry. Their silica exposure was assessed and an exposure index was created. The main outcome was the radiological severity of silicosis and tuberculosis (TB). The statistical analysis was done by multiple logistic regression.ResultsAmong the 83 miners, 44 had continued exposed to silica after being diagnosed with silicosis. Continuation of silica exposure was associated with advanced radiological images of silicosis (X‐ray classification in category 3, OR = 6.42, 95% CI = 1.20–34.27), presence of coalescence and/or large opacities (OR = 3.85, CI = 1.07–13.93), and TB (OR = 4.61, 95% CI = 1.14–18.71).ConclusionsDifferential survival is unlikely to explain observed differences in silicosis progression. Results reinforce the recommendation that silica exposure should be halted at an early stage whenever X‐ray is suggestive of the disease. Am. J. Ind. Med. 49:811–818, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Formation, Dynamic Behavior, and Chemical Transformation of Pt Complexes with a Rotaxane‐like Structure
Authors: Suzaki Yuji , Osakada Kohtaro 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe reaction of [Pt(CH2COMe)(Ph)(cod)] (cod=1,5‐cyclooctadiene) with (ArCH2NH2CH2‐C6H4COOH)+(PF6)− (Ar=4‐tBuC6H4 or 9‐anthryl) in the presence of cyclic oligoethers such as dibenzo[24]crown‐8 (DB24C8) and dicyclohexano[24]crown‐8 (DC24C8) produces {(ce)[ArCH2NH2CH2C6H4COOPt(Ph)(cod)]}+(PF6)− (ce=DB24C8 or DC24C8, Ar=4‐tBuC6H4 or 9‐anthryl) with interlocked structures. FABMS and NMR spectra of a solution of these compounds indicate that the Pt complexes with a secondary ammonium group and DB24C8 (or DC24C8) make up the axis and cyclic components, respectively. Temperature‐dependent 1H NMR spectra of a solution of {(DB24C8)[4‐tBuC6H4CH2NH2CH2‐C6H4COOPt(Ph)(cod)]}+(PF6)− ({(DB24C8)[4‐H]}+(PF6)−) show equilibration with free DB24C8 and the axis component. The addition of DB24C8 to a solution of {(DC24C8)[4‐H]}+(PF6)− causes partial exchange of the macrocyclic component of the interlocked molecules, giving a mixture of {(DC24C8)[4‐H]}+(PF6)−, {(DB24C8)[4‐H]}+(PF6)−, and free macrocyclic compounds. The reaction of 3,5‐Me2C6H3COCl with {(DB24C8)[4‐H]}+(PF6)− affords the organic rotaxane {(DB24C8)(4‐tBuC6H4CH2NH2CH2‐C6H4COOCOC6H3Me2‐3,5)}+(PF6)− through CO bond formation between the aroyl group and the carboxylate ligand of the axis component. The addition of 2,2′‐bipyridine (bpy) to a solution of {(DB24C8)[4‐H]}+(PF6)− induces the degradation of the interlocked structure to form a complex with trigonal bipyramidal coordination, [Pt(Ph)(bpy)(cod)]+(PF6)−, whereas the reaction of bpy with [Pt(OCOC6H4Me‐4)(Ph)(cod)] produces the square‐planar complex [Pt(OCOC6H4Me‐4)(Ph)(bpy)].