bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Crystal and Molecular Structure of trans‐[IrCl(N2)(PiPr3)2]
Authors: Böttcher Hans‐Christian , Graf Marion , Mayer Peter , Sünkel Karlheinz 
Published: May 2008

AbstractSingle crystals of trans‐[IrCl(N2)(PiPr3)2] (1), obtained during studies on the reaction of [{Ir(μ‐Cl)(coe)2}2] (coe = cis‐cyclooctene) with tri‐iso‐propylphosphane in diethyl ether under dinitrogen atmosphere, have been analyzed by X‐ray crystallography (monoclinic, P21/c, Z = 2, a = 8.0855(9), b = 8.896(3), c = 16.539(3) Å; β = 93.124(11)°; V = 1187.9(4); T = 200(2) K). In the course of these studies under an atmosphere of dinitrogen or argon, the formation of a variety of phosphorus‐containing compounds was indicated using 31P{1H} NMR spectroscopy.
Komplexe mit Antimon‐Liganden: [tBu2(Cl)SbW(CO)5], [tBu2(OH)SbW(CO)5], O[SbPh2W(CO)5]2, E[SbMe2W(CO)5]2 (E = Se, Te), cis‐[(Me2SbSeSbMe2)2Cr(CO)4]
Authors: Breunig H. J. , Lork E. , Moldovan O. , Wagner R. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractComplexes Containing Antimony Ligands: [tBu2(Cl)SbW(CO)5], [tBu2(OH)SbW(CO)5], O[SbPh2W(CO)5]2, E[SbMe2W(CO)5]2 (E = Se, Te), cis‐[(Me2SbSeSbMe2)2Cr(CO)4]Syntheses of [tBu2(Cl)SbW(CO)5] (1), [tBu2(OH)SbW(CO)5] (2), O[SbPh2W(CO)5]2 (3), Se[SbMe2W(CO)5]2 (4), cis‐[(Me2SbSeSbMe2)2Cr(CO)4] (5) Te[SbMe2W(CO)5]2 (6) and crystal structures of 1–5 are reported.
Isolated Triiodide and Pentaiodide Anions in the Crystal Structure of [Rb(Dibenzopyridino‐18‐Crown‐6)2]2(I3)(I5)
Authors: Walbaum Christine , Pantenburg Ingo , Meyer Gerd 
Published: May 2008

AbstractRed shiny crystals of [Rb(dibenzopyridino‐18‐crown‐6)2]2(I3)(I5) were obtained from a dichloromethane/ethanol solution of RbI, I2 and dibenzopyridino‐18‐crown‐6. Triclinic, $\rm P{\bar 1}$, a = 1494.3(1), b = 1534.1(1), c = 2412.9(2) pm, α = 76.95(1), β = 83.58(1), γ = 68.67(1)°, V = 5016.7(7) 106·pm3, Z = 2. The crystal structure consists of [Rb(dbp18c6)2]+ cations leaving suitable three‐dimensional channels for the linear I3− and V‐shaped I5− anions which are isolated from each other.
Abbau von Koordinationspolymeren bis zum Monomer und Konkurrenz von Polymerisation und Chemischer Schere an Carbazolaten von Yb und Eu mit N‐Phenylpiperazin
Authors: Zurawski Alexander , Müller‐Buschbaum Klaus 
Published: May 2008

AbstractDegradation of Coordination Polymers to the Monomer and Competition of Polymerization and Chemical Scissors on Carbazolates of Yb and Eu with N‐PhenylpiperazineThe coordination polymers $^{1}_{\infty}\rm [Ln_{2}(Cbz)_{4}]$, Ln = Yb, Eu, Cbz− = carbazolate anion, C12H8N−, can be degraded by the use of strong N‐donor ligands like N‐phenylpiperazine (Phpip = (C6H5)C4H8NNH) as chemical scissors. The degradation process for the ytterbium containing polymer ends in the monomeric compound [Yb(Cbz)3(Phpip)2]·1/2Phpip and includes an oxidation step YbII → YbIII. Thus the circle of reactions of Yb metal with carbazole (CbzH) starting in liquid NH3 to the coordination polymer and ending with its degradation by the use of chemical scissors is resolved. Transformation on europium has been started on the base of both metals leading to coordination polymers of the same chemical formula. However already the prelude of reactions differs for Eu as the electride induced reaction of Eu metal with CbzH in liquid ammonia followed by Phpip treatment gives single crystalline [Eu2(Cbz)4(NH3)2(Phpip)4]·2Phpip. This dimeric molecule contains EuII and ligands of all reaction steps, NH3, Cbz−, Phpip, and is thereby an interesting starting point for the resolution of polymer formation and degradation as well as a competition of these counter reactions.
Ferrocene Derivatives Bearing one and two Isocyanato, Isothiocyanato and Isoselenocyanato Substituents
Authors: Wrackmeyer Bernd , Maisel Heidi E. , Milius Wolfgang , Herberhold Max 
Published: May 2008

AbstractIsocyanato‐ (1a), 1,1′‐di(isocyanato)‐ (2a), isothiocyanato‐ (1b), 1,1′‐di(isothiocyanato)‐ (2b), isoselenocyanato‐ (1c) and 1,1′‐di(isoselenocyanato)ferrocene (2c) were prepared and studied by 1H, 13C and 14N NMR spectroscopy. Isocyanatoferrocene (1a) trimerizes upon chromatography on alumina to give 3a. The molecular structures of 2c and 3a were determined by X‐ray analysis, and almost undistorted ferrocene‐like structures were found in both cases.
Fatty Acid Profile of Sunshine Bass: II. Profile Change Differs Among Fillet Lipid Classes
Authors: Trushenski Jesse T. , Lewis Heidi A. , Kohler Christopher C. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractFatty acid (FA) profile of fish tissue mirrors dietary FA profile and changes in a time‐dependent manner following a change in dietary FA composition. To determine whether FA profile change varies among lipid classes, we evaluated the FA composition of fillet cholesteryl esters (CE), phospholipids (PL), and triacylglycerols (TAG) of sunshine bass (SB, Morone chrysops × M. saxatilis) raised on feeds containing fish oil or 50:50 blend of fish oil and coconut, grapeseed, linseed, or poultry oil, with or without implementation of a finishing period (100% FO feed) prior to harvest. Each lipid class was associated with a generalized FA signature, irrespective of nutritional history: fillet PL was comprised largely of saturated FA (SFA), long‐chain polyunsaturated FA (LC‐PUFA), and total n‐3 FA; fillet TAG was higher in MC‐PUFA and total n‐6 FA; and fillet CE was highest in monounsaturated FA (MUFA). Neutral lipids reflected dietary composition in a near‐direct fashion; conversely, PL showed evidence of selectivity for MC‐ and LC‐PUFA. Shorter‐chain SFA were not strongly reflected within any lipid fraction, even when dietary availability was high, suggesting catabolism of these FA. FA metabolism in SB is apparently characterized by a division between saturated and unsaturated FA, whereby LC‐PUFA are preferentially incorporated into tissues and SFA are preferentially oxidized for energy production. We demonstrated provision of SFA in grow‐out feeds for SB, instead MC‐PUFA which compete for tissue deposition, meets energy demands and allows for maximum inclusion of LC‐PUFA within fillet lipids.
Cognitive and mood effects in healthy children during 12 weeks' supplementation with multi-vitamin/minerals
Authors: Haskell Crystal F. , Scholey Andrew B. , Jackson Philippa A. , Elliott Jade M. , Defeyter Margaret A. , Greer Joanna , Robertson Bernadette C. , Buchanan Tom , Tiplady Brian , Kennedy David O. 
Published: May 2008

Adequate levels of vitamins and minerals are essential for optimal neural functioning. A high proportion of individuals, including children, suffer from deficiencies in one or more vitamins or minerals. This study investigated whether daily supplementation with vitamins/minerals could modulate cognitive performance and mood in healthy children. In this randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel groups investigation, eighty-one healthy children aged from 8 to 14 years underwent laboratory assessments of their cognitive performance and mood pre-dose and at 1 and 3 h post-dose on the first and last days of 12 weeks' supplementation with a commercially available vitamins/mineral product (Pharmaton Kiddi™). Interim assessments were also completed at home after 4 and 8 weeks at 3 h post-dose. Each assessment comprised completion of a cognitive battery, delivered over the Internet, which included tasks assessing mood and the speed and accuracy of attention and aspects of memory (secondary, semantic and spatial working memory). The vitamin/mineral group performed more accurately on two attention tasks: ‘Arrows’ choice reaction time task at 4 and 8 weeks; ‘Arrow Flankers’ choice reaction time task at 4, 8 and 12 weeks. A single task outcome (Picture Recognition errors) evinced significant decrements at 12 weeks. Mood was not modulated in any interpretable manner. Whilst it is possible that the significant improvements following treatment were due to non-significant numerical differences in performance at baseline, these results would seem to suggest that vitamin/mineral supplementation has the potential to improve brain function in healthy children. This proposition requires further investigation.
TWENTY YEARS’ DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGE IN SEDENTES AND MIGRANTS OF AN INTERNATIONAL MIGRANT-SENDING COMMUNITY IN TONGA
Authors: FUKUYAMA SHOKO , WATANABE CHIHO , UMEZAKI MASAHIRO , OHTSUKA RYUTARO 
Published: May 2008

SummaryIn the Kingdom of Tonga, migration to overseas developed countries has prevailed. To elucidate the effects of migration on population dynamics, an interview survey was conducted in the migrant-sending community of Kolovai, in the outer region of Tongatapu Island. All births, deaths, marriages and in- and out-migrations that took place between 1983 and 2002 were recorded for all members of the ‘Kolovai population’, consisting of persons who had lived in this community for at least a one-year period during this 20 years. The ‘Kolovai population’ members, numbering 1184 (564 males and 620 females), were divided into three groups based on residence at the end of each year, i.e. Kolovai (called KK), other places in Tonga (KT) or overseas countries (KO). The KK population decreased from 774 in 1982 to 570 in 2002, owing mostly to an increase of 167 persons as the natural balance and a decrease of 324 persons as the balance of international migration. Comparison of total fertility rate (TFR) between KK and KO women revealed that the mean TFR of the former decreased from 3·460 in the earlier 10-year period (1983–1992) to 2·240 in the later 10-year period (1993–2002), while that of the latter was more than 3·5 in both 10-year periods. This difference was largely due to the decrease in the proportion married among KK women. If the current trends of international migration and fertility continue, the population of Kolovai will be reduced and its age composition will become cylinder-shaped in the near future.
Failure to deactivate in the prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia: dysfunction of the default mode network?
Authors: Pomarol-Clotet E. , Salvador R. , Sarró S. , Gomar J. , Vila F. , Martínez Á. , Guerrero A. , Ortiz-Gil J. , Sans-Sansa B. , Capdevila A. , Cebamanos J. M. , McKenna P. J. 
Published: May 2008

BackgroundFunctional imaging studies using working memory tasks have documented both prefrontal cortex (PFC) hypo- and hyperactivation in schizophrenia. However, these studies have often failed to consider the potential role of task-related deactivation.MethodThirty-two patients with chronic schizophrenia and 32 age- and sex-matched normal controls underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanning while performing baseline, 1-back and 2-back versions of the n-back task. Linear models were used to obtain maps of activations and deactivations in the groups.ResultsThe controls showed activation in the expected frontal regions. There were also clusters of deactivation, particularly in the anterior cingulate/ventromedial PFC and the posterior cingulate cortex/precuneus. Compared to the controls, the schizophrenic patients showed reduced activation in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and other frontal areas. There was also an area in the anterior cingulate/ventromedial PFC where the patients showed apparently greater activation than the controls. This represented a failure of deactivation in the schizophrenic patients. Failure to activate was a function of the patients' impaired performance on the n-back task, whereas the failure to deactivate was less performance dependent.ConclusionsPatients with schizophrenia show both failure to activate and failure to deactivate during performance of a working memory task. The area of failure of deactivation is in the anterior prefrontal/anterior cingulate cortex and corresponds to one of the two midline components of the ‘default mode network’ implicated in functions related to maintaining one's sense of self.
Determining language dominance in English–Mandarin bilinguals: Development of a self-report classification tool for clinical use
Authors: LIM VALERIE P. C. , LIOW SUSAN J. RICKARD , LINCOLN MICHELLE , CHAN YIONG HUAK , ONSLOW MARK 
Published: May 2008

ABSTRACTIn multilingual Asian communities, determining language dominance for clinical assessment and intervention is often complex. The aim of this study was to develop a self-report classification tool for identifying the dominant language in English–Mandarin bilinguals. Participants (N = 168) completed a questionnaire on language history and single-word receptive vocabulary tests (Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test type) in both languages. The results of a discriminant analysis on the self-report data revealed a reliable three-way classification into English-dominant, Mandarin-dominant, and balanced bilinguals. The vocabulary scores supported these dominance classifications, whereas the more typical variables such as age of first exposure, years of formal instruction, and years of exposure exerted only a limited influence. The utility of this classification tool in clinical settings is discussed.
Islam as a point of reference for political and social groups in Iraq
Authors: Luizard Pierre-Jean 
Published: May 2008

AbstractIraq occupies a special position in the general context of re-Islamization of Arab societies because of the US occupation and the absence of a viable state. The attempt to rebuild communities under the aegis of the United States led to a widespread withdrawal back into communities in which Islam plays a vital role. Sectarian identities were intensified, particularly because they built on layers largely secularized by years of a form of political life that had been partly dominated by secular or secularist parties (Communist Party, Baath party). It looks as if a secularized form of Islam, whose vocation is primarily to confer an identity and which has become impervious to any religious code, is likely to fuel the fighting, which is all the more inexpiable because each person believes that he is fighting for survival as a member of his community.
Justice on hold: accountability and social reconstruction in Iraq
Authors: Stover Eric , Sissons Miranda , Pham Phuong , Vinck Patrick 
Published: May 2008

AbstractHaving invaded Iraq without UN Security Council authorization, the United States was unable to convince many countries to take a meaningful role in helping Iraq deal with its violent past. Always insisting that it would “go it alone”, the United States implemented accountability measures without properly consulting the Iraqi people. Nor did the United States access assistance from the United Nations and international human rights organizations, all of which possess considerable knowledge and experience of a wide range of transitional justice mechanisms. In the end, the accountability measures introduced by the Americans either backfired or were hopelessly flawed. What are needed in Iraq are a secure environment and a legitimate authority to implement a comprehensive transitional justice strategy that reflects the needs and priorities of a wide range of Iraqis. Such a strategy should contain several measures, including prosecutions, reparations, a balanced approach to vetting, truth-seeking mechanisms and institutional reform.
The strategic importance of the Internet for armed insurgent groups in modern warfare
Authors: Adhami Wael 
Published: May 2008

AbstractIn modern times the Internet has become the only tool which can be used to spread information instantaneously and free of charge to anyone in the world who has an Internet connection. The ability to spread information is vital for any party engaged in an armed conflict. This article will show that groups engaged in a jihad have made the Internet their main outlet to the world. It will further examine the content of Islamic and jihadi websites, their main objectives and the communication strategies used. However, and with a particular focus on Iraq, the author will argue that the Internet does not serve as a platform of recruitment for jihad but is rather the most effective way for armed insurgent groups to win the “hearts and minds” of Muslims worldwide.
Assessing the human tragedy in Iraq
Authors: İhsanoğlu Ekmeleddin 
Published: May 2008

AbstractBefore a framework can be set for efforts centred on human security to combat chaos, instability and insecurity in conflict areas, the human tragedy in those areas must be understood and discussed. This article analyses the human tragedy in Iraq and shows that it extends beyond our current perception of the situation. The war has led to the loss of lives and social capital, and has destroyed the Iraqi infrastructure. This substantially lowers the quality of life, leads to the inability to provide essential services and renders state-building activities even more difficult. In line with the policy of the Organisation of the Islamic Conference, the article also emphasizes the need for reconciliation between the various groups in Iraq, an end to sectarian tensions and the preservation of the country's territorial unity as the ultimate resolution of the Iraqi question.
The Kurds as parties to and victims of conflicts in Iraq
Authors: Rogg Inga , Rimscha Hans 
Published: May 2008

AbstractAfter decades of fighting and suffering, the Kurds in Iraq have achieved far-reaching self-rule. Looking at the history of conflicts and alliances between the Kurds and their counterparts inside Iraq and beyond its borders, the authors find that the region faces an uncertain future because major issues like the future status of Kirkuk remain unsolved. A federal and democratic Iraq offers a rare opportunity for a peaceful settlement of the Kurdish question in Iraq – and for national reconciliation. While certain groups and currents in Iraq and the wider Arab world have to overcome the notion that federalism equals partition, the Kurds can only dispel fears about their drive for independence if they fully reintegrate into Iraq and show greater commitment to democratic reforms in the Kurdistan Region.
Leukotriene D4increases the excitability of capsaicin‐sensitive nasal sensory nerves to electrical and chemical stimuli
Authors: Taylor‐Clark T E , Nassenstein C , Undem B J 
Published: May 2008

Background and purpose:Clinical studies have demonstrated significant reductions in allergen‐induced nasal symptoms of atopic rhinitis subjects by CysLT1antagonists, including neuronally mediated symptoms such as sneeze, itch and reflex hypersecretion. Here, we test the hypothesis that cysteinyl leukotrienes activate and/or alter the activity of nasal nociceptive (capsaicin‐sensitive) sensory neurones.Experimental approach:Using retrograde tracer (DiI), we labelled guinea‐pig trigeminal sensory neurones that projected fibres to the nasal mucosa. Single‐neurone reverse transcriptase (RT)‐PCR was used to evaluate CysLT receptor gene expression. The effect of cysteinyl leukotrienes on individual nasal sensory nerve activity was assessed in Ca2+assays and whole‐cell gramicidin‐perforated patch‐clamp studies.Key results:Nasal C‐fibre neurones express CysLT1but not CysLT2mRNA. LTD4and LTC4increased intracellular [Ca2+]freein a population of capsaicin‐sensitive trigeminal nerves, an effect blocked by the CysLT1antagonist ICI198615. In current clamp mode, LTD4had no effect on resting membrane potential. However, LTD4significantly increased electrical excitability (action potential discharge during current pulses) threefold in capsaicin‐sensitive nasal neurones, which was inhibited by CysLT1antagonists ICI198615 and montelukast. LTD4had no effect on electrical excitability in capsaicin‐insensitive neurones. Finally, LTD4significantly augmented histamine‐induced responses in capsaicin‐sensitive neurones as measured by increased action potential discharge, peak frequency and membrane depolarization.Conclusions and implications:LTD4, likely through CysLT1receptors, directly increases the excitability of capsaicin‐sensitive guinea‐pig nasal trigeminal neurones, demonstrating a novel mechanism for the actions of cysteinyl leukotrienes and potentially explains the effectiveness of CysLT1antagonists in treating nasal allergen‐induced neuronal symptoms.British Journal of Pharmacology(2008)154, 1359–1368; doi:10.1038/bjp.2008.196; published online 26 May 2008
InteroPORC: automated inference of highly conserved protein interaction networks
Authors: Michaut Magali , Kerrien Samuel , Montecchi-Palazzi Luisa , Chauvat Franck , Cassier-Chauvat Corinne , Aude Jean-Christophe , Legrain Pierre , Hermjakob Henning 
Published: May 2008

Abstract
Motivation: Protein–protein interaction networks provide insights into the relationships between the proteins of an organism thereby contributing to a better understanding of cellular processes. Nevertheless, large-scale interaction networks are available for only a few model organisms. Thus, interologs are useful for a systematic transfer of protein interaction networks between organisms. However, no standard tool is available so far for that purpose.
Results: In this study, we present an automated prediction tool developed for all sequenced genomes available in Integr8. We also have developed a second method to predict protein–protein interactions in the widely used cyanobacterium Synechocystis. Using these methods, we have constructed a new network of 8783 inferred interactions for Synechocystis.
Availability: InteroPORC is open-source, downloadable and usable through a web interface at http://biodev.extra.cea.fr/interoporc/
Contact: michaut.bioinfo@gmail.com
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Prevalence and Predictors of Mental Health Distress Post-Katrina: Findings From the Gulf Coast Child and Family Health Study
Authors: Abramson David , Stehling-Ariza Tasha , Garfield Richard , Redlener Irwin 
Published: May 2008

ABSTRACTBackground:Catastrophic disasters often are associated with massive structural, economic, and population devastation; less understood are the long-term mental health consequences. This study measures the prevalence and predictors of mental health distress and disability of hurricane survivors over an extended period of recovery in a postdisaster setting.Methods:A representative sample of 1077 displaced or greatly affected households was drawn in 2006 using a stratified cluster sampling of federally subsidized emergency housing settings in Louisiana and Mississippi, and of Mississippi census tracts designated as having experienced major damage from Hurricane Katrina in 2005. Two rounds of data collection were conducted: a baseline face-to-face interview at 6 to 12 months post-Katrina, and a telephone follow-up at 20 to 23 months after the disaster. Mental health disability was measured using the Medical Outcome Study Short Form 12, version 2 mental component summary score. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were conducted examining socioeconomic, demographic, situational, and attitudinal factors associated with mental health distress and disability.Results:More than half of the cohort at both baseline and follow-up reported significant mental health distress. Self-reported poor health and safety concerns were persistently associated with poorer mental health. Nearly 2 years after the disaster, the greatest predictors of poor mental health included situational characteristics such as greater numbers of children in a household and attitudinal characteristics such as fatalistic sentiments and poor self-efficacy. Informal social support networks were associated significantly with better mental health status. Housing and economic circumstances were not independently associated with poorer mental health.Conclusions:Mental health distress and disability are pervasive issues among the US Gulf Coast adults and children who experienced long-term displacement or other serious effects as a result of Hurricanes Katrina and Rita. As time progresses postdisaster, social and psychological factors may play greater roles in accelerating or impeding recovery among affected populations. Efforts to expand disaster recovery and preparedness policies to include long-term social re-engagement efforts postdisaster should be considered as a means of reducing mental health sequelae. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2008;2:77–86)