bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Planetary landscape systems: a limitless frontier
Authors: Baker Victor R. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractIf it is to be a complete science of landforms and landscapes, geomorphology is not appropriately limited geographically to the terrestrial portions of Earth's surface. Various systems of landforms and their generative processes are best understood in a full planetary context. Moreover, by extending its purview to include the nature of landscapes on Earth‐like planets, geomorphological inquiry is not appropriately limited in its philosophical presumptions to the reductionist views that have so successfully guided much of physics. Holistic thinking, exemplified by some aspects of evolutionary biology, and a systems framework may prove to be particularly fruitful for understanding future extraterrestrial discoveries and the general nature of landforms and landscapes. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Biogeomorphological disturbance regimes: progress in linking ecological and geomorphological systems
Authors: Viles H. A. , Naylor L. A. , Carter N. E. A. , Chaput D. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractUnderstanding the complex, non‐linear ways in which linked ecological and geomorphological systems respond to disturbance is important to improving both theoretical understanding and practical environmental management. Some simple conceptual models have been proposed to describe biogeomorphological responses to disturbance within fluvial and aeolian environments, and are reviewed here. Recent research on the interactions between ecological and geomorphological processes in rock breakdown, aeolian, hillslope, fluvial and coastal wetland process regimes indicates a number of additional factors which need to be considered by such models in order to provide a more realistic representation. In particular, many empirical studies point to complex interactions between vegetation, microphytic crusts and animal action (bioturbation and grazing) in a wide range of sediment systems, which act as intrinsic feedback factors complicating the response of these systems to disturbances such as climate change and human action. Improved understanding of these interactions will help effective environmental management, as exemplified by salt marsh restoration schemes. Furthermore, better specification of biogeomorphological interactions can provide insights into large‐scale, long‐term Earth systems dynamics problems such as the long‐term carbon cycle. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Automated white‐matter tractography using a probabilistic diffusion tensor atlas: Application to temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Hagler Donald J. , Ahmadi Mazyar E. , Kuperman Joshua , Holland Dominic , McDonald Carrie R. , Halgren Eric , Dale Anders M. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractDiffusion‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging allows researchers and clinicians to identify individual white matter fiber tracts and map their trajectories. The reliability and interpretability of fiber‐tracking procedures is improved when a priori anatomical information is used as a guide. We have developed an automated method for labeling white matter fiber tracts in individual subjects based on a probabilistic atlas of fiber tract locations and orientations. The probabilistic fiber atlas contains 23 fiber tracts and was constructed by manually identifying fiber tracts in 21 healthy controls and 21 patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). The manual tract identification method required ∼40 h of manual editing by a trained image analyst using multiple regions of interest to select or exclude streamline fibers. Identification of fiber tracts with the atlas does not require human intervention, but nonetheless benefits from the a priori anatomical information that was used to manually identify the tracts included in the atlas. We applied this method to compare fractional anisotropy—thought to be a measure of white matter integrity—in individual fiber tracts between control subjects and patients with TLE. We found that the atlas‐based and manual fiber selection methods produced a similar pattern of results. However, the between‐group effect sizes using the atlas‐derived fibers were generally as large or larger than those obtained with manually selected fiber tracks. Hum Brain Mapp, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Monthly spatial calibration of Blaney–Criddle equation for calculating monthly ETo in south of Iran
Authors: Fooladmand Hamid Reza , Ahmadi Seyed Hamid 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe Penman–Monteith equation is the most common equation for estimating reference crop evapotranspiration (ETo). However, this equation needs full meteorological data, but few meteorological stations with complete meteorological data exist in Fars province, in the south of Iran. On the other hand, the Blaney–Criddle equation is a simpler alternative for estimating ETo compared with the Penman–Monteith equation. In this study, the Blaney–Criddle equation was calibrated based on the Penman–Monteith equation for every month of the year by using the meteorological data of seven synoptic stations inside and seven synoptic stations outside Fars province. For this purpose, the calibration coefficients of the Blaney–Criddle equation (a and b) were determined for all months at different stations, separately. Furthermore, in a new approach the mean monthly temperature in the Blaney–Criddle equation was replaced with the effective temperature for each station in the study area. The ETo values based on the new approach of the Blaney–Criddle equation were better than the results of the original Blaney–Criddle equation when compared to the Penman–Monteith equation as the reference equation. The calculated values of a were negative for all months and stations, and ranged between −4.84 and −0.84. Lowest a values were obtained in May, July and June, and the highest a values were obtained in December, November and January, i.e. the values of a were greater in cold months than warm months of the year. The values of b were positive for all months and stations, and ranged between 0.71 and 1.89. December, January and November showed the lowest b values while June, July and August showed the highest. Therefore, the values of b were greater in warm months than cold months of the year. Moreover, the range of variation of a values was larger than for the b values which implied that the a values have more impact on the estimations of ETo. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preliminary development of DNA aptamer‐Fc conjugate opsonins
Authors: Bruno John G. , Carrillo Maria P. , Crowell Randy 
Published: July 2008

AbstractEncapsulated bacteria such as virulent strains of Bacillus anthracis impair phagocytosis with their capsules unless opsonized by antibodies. Poly‐gamma‐D‐glutamic acid (γ‐PDGA) is the major component of the B. anthracis capsule. In this work, poly‐alpha‐D‐glutamic acid (α‐PDGA)‐coated magnetic beads (MBs) were used as surrogates to simulate vegetative B. anthracis cells and avoid the hazards of working with virulent bacteria. DNA aptamers were developed against the alpha‐linked PDGA‐MBs and sequenced. Four of the most frequent candidate aptamer sequences in the pool were coupled at their 5′ ends to Fc fragments of murine IgG to act as artificial antibodies. The effects of candidate aptamer‐Fc conjugate addition on macrophage attachment and internalization of α‐PDGA‐MBs were tested on P388D1 and RAW 264.7 murine macrophage lines by spectrofluorometric and image analysis techniques. P388D1 cells were not able to internalize the α‐PDGA‐MBs, but attachment to α‐PDGA‐MBs was enhanced by the conjugates to varying degrees. Ingestion of α‐PDGA‐MBs by RAW 264.7 cells in the presence of several different candidate aptamer‐Fc conjugates demonstrated a statistically significant (p < 0.01) increase in phagocytic index (P.I.) up to threefold in the first 30 min of exposure to α‐PDGA‐MBs. This preliminary study using alpha‐linked instead of gamma‐linked PDGA provides proof‐of‐concept for future work in the new area of hybrid DNA aptamer‐protein constructs as potential opsonins. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2009
Game coloring the Cartesian product of graphs
Authors: Zhu Xuding 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThis article proves the following result: Let G and G′ be graphs of orders n and n′, respectively. Let G* be obtained from G by adding to each vertex a set of n′ degree 1 neighbors. If G* has game coloring number m and G′ has acyclic chromatic number k, then the Cartesian product G□G′ has game chromatic number at most k(k + m − 1). As a consequence, the Cartesian product of two forests has game chromatic number at most 10, and the Cartesian product of two planar graphs has game chromatic number at most 105. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 59: 261–278, 2008
Determination of the active metabolites of sibutramine in rat serum using column‐switching HPLC
Authors: Um So Young , Kim Kyu‐Bong , Kim Seon Hwa , Ju Young Cheol , Lee Hye Sang , Oh Hye young , Choi Ki Hwan , Chung Myeon Woo 
Published: July 2008

AbstractA simple and direct analysis using column‐switching HPLC method was developed and validated for the quantification of active metabolites of sibutramine, N‐mono‐desmethyl metabolite (metabolite 1, M1) and N‐di‐desmethyl metabolite (metabolite 2, M2) in the serum of rats administered sibutramine HCl (5.0 mg/kg, p.o.). Rat serum was directly injected onto the precolumn without sample prepreparation step following dilution with mobile phase A, i. e., methanol–ACN–20 mM ammonium phosphate buffer (pH 6.0 with phosphoric acid) (8.3:4.5:87.2 by volume). After the endogenous serum components were eluted to waste, the system was switched and the analytes were eluted to the trap column. Active metabolites M1 and M2 were then back‐flushed to the analytical column for separation with mobile phase B, i. e., methanol–ACN–20 mM ammonium phosphate buffer (pH 6.0 with phosphoric acid) (35.8:19.2:45 by volume) and detected at 223 nm. The calibration curves of active metabolites M1 and M2 were linear in the range of 0.1–1.0 μg/mL and 0.15–1.8 μg/mL. This method was fully validated and shown to be specific, accurate (10.4–10.7% error), and precise (1.97–8.79% CV). This simple and rapid analytical method using column‐switching appears to be useful for the pharmacokinetic study of active metabolites (M1 and M2) of sibutramine.
Development and validation of a method to determine amoxicillin in physiological fluids using micellar liquid chromatography
Authors: Rambla Alegre Maria , Carda Broch Samuel , Esteve Romero Josep 
Published: July 2008

AbstractA simple and robust method was developed for the routine identification and quantification of amoxicillin by micellar LC. Amoxicillin, a β‐lactamase inhibitor, is one of the most commonly prescribed drugs in the treatment of urine and skin structure infections. In this work, amoxicillin was determined in urine samples without any pretreatment step in a phenyl column using a micellar mobile phase of 0.10 M SDS and 4% butanol at pH 3. A UV detection set at 210 nm was used. Amoxicillin was eluted at 5.1 min with no interference by the protein band or endogenous compounds. Linearities (r >0.9998), intra‐ and interday precisions were determined (RSD (%) 0.4–2.7% and 0.3–5%, respectively, in micellar media, and 0.14–2.6% and 0.13–6%, respectively, in urine), and robustness was studied in the method validation. LOD and LOQ were 0.04 and 0.1 μg/mL in micellar media and 0.14 and 0.34 μg/mL in urine, respectively. Recoveries in the urine matrix were in the range of 95–110%. The validated method proved to be reliable and sensitive for the determination of amoxicillin in urine samples.
Selective solid‐phase extraction of amoxicillin and cephalexin from urine samples using a molecularly imprinted polymer
Authors: Beltran Antoni , Marcé Rosa M. , Cormack Peter A. G. , Sherrington David C. , Borrull Francesc 
Published: July 2008

AbstractIn this paper we describe, for the first time, a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) for the antibiotic amoxicillin (AMX), synthesised by a noncovalent molecular imprinting approach and used to extract AMX selectively from urine samples. The MIP was applied as a molecularly selective sorbent in molecularly imprinted SPE (MISPE) in an off‐line mode, where it showed useful cross‐selectivity for a structurally related antibiotic, cephalexin (CPX). By using a MISPE protocol, the MIP was able to selectively extract both AMX and CFX from 5 mL of water spiked with 10 mg/L with recoveries of 75 and 78% for AMX and CFX, respectively. When applied to real samples (urine) at clinically relevant concentrations, recoveries from 2 mL of human urine spiked with 20 mg/L decreased slightly to 65 and 63% for AMX and CFX, respectively. To demonstrate further the selectivity of the MIP obtained, a comparison with commercially available SPE cartridges was performed. Improvements in the retention of both AMX and CFX on the MIP were obtained relative to the commercially available cartridges, and the MISPE extracts were considerably cleaner, due to molecularly selective analyte binding by the MIP.
Mixed‐mode reversed‐phase and ion‐exchange monolithic columns for micro‐HPLC
Authors: Jiang Zhengjin , Smith Norman W. , Ferguson Paul D. , Taylor Mark R. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThis paper describes the fabrication of RP/ion‐exchange mixed‐mode monolithic materials for capillary LC. Following deactivation of the capillary surface with 3‐(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate (γ‐MAPS), monoliths were formed by copolymerisation of pentaerythritol diacrylate monostearate (PEDAS), 2‐sulphoethyl methacrylate (SEMA) with/without ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EDMA) within 100 μm id capillaries. In order to investigate the porous properties of the monoliths prepared in our laboratory, mercury intrusion porosimetry, SEM and micro‐HPLC were used to measure the monolithic structures. The monolithic columns prepared without EDMA showed bad mechanical stability at high pressure, which is undesirable for micro‐HPLC applications. However, it was observed that the small amount (5% w/w) of EDMA clearly improved the mechanical stability of the monoliths. In order to evaluate their application for micro‐HPLC, a range of neutral, acidic and basic compounds was separated with these capillaries and satisfactory separations were obtained. In order to further investigate the separation mechanism of these monolithic columns, comparative studies were carried out on the poly(PEDAS‐co‐SEMA) monolithic column and two other monoliths, poly(PEDAS) and poly(PEDAS‐co‐2‐(methacryloyloxy)ethyl‐trimethylammonium methylsulphate (METAM)). As expected, different selectivities were observed for the separation of basic compounds on all three monolithic columns using the same separation conditions. The mobile phase pH also showed clear influence on the retention time of basic compounds. This could be explained by ion‐exchange interaction between positively charged analytes and the negatively charged sulphate group.
Detection of N‐nitroso‐bile acids at 285 nm in reverse‐phase HPLC
Authors: Araki Yoshio , Mukaisyo Ken‐ichi , Sugihara Hiroyuki , Fujiyama Yoshihide , Hattori Takanori 
Published: July 2008

AbstractIn the present study, we developed a novel, simple, and specific detection method using an RP‐HPLC at UV 285 nm for the separation and quantification of N‐nitroso‐bile acids. First, we found that N‐nitroso‐bile acids have a specific spectrophotometric absorbance at 285 nm. Using this 285 nm detection system, we could especially measure N‐nitroso‐bile acids, even in co‐existence of non‐N‐nitroso‐bile acids. Next, we observed the decomposition of N‐nitroso‐glychocholate under alkaline, acidic, and neutral conditions. N‐nitroso‐glychocholate rapidly decomposed under alkaline conditions (pH 9) (t1/2 = 0.96 h), but remained fairly stable under acidic (pH 2) (t1/2 = 12.8 h) and neutral (pH 7) (t1/2 = 7.8 h) conditions. This study is the first report, which simply and specifically analyzes N‐nitroso‐bile acids using an RP‐HPLC system.
Erratum: Bode and Fano impedance matching
Authors: Hansen R.C. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractOriginally published in Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 875–877, 2008. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 2747, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23703
Erratum: Microstrip parallel coupled‐line bandpass filter with selectivity improvement using U‐shaped defected ground structure
Authors: Piscaretta Daniel , Ting Sio‐Weng , Tam Kam‐Weng 
Published: July 2008

AbstractOriginally published Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 911–915, 2008. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 2747, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23704
A high isolated coupled‐line passive circulator for UHF RFID reader
Authors: Kim Wan‐Kyu , Na Won , Yu Jong‐Won , Lee Moon‐Que 
Published: July 2008

AbstractA coupled‐line passive circulator is proposed for improving the TX/RX isolation of the UHF radio frequency identification (RFID) reader. The increased isolation is realized by generating and adding the canceling signal to the leakage. The input return loss of the reader antenna, which can degrade TX‐to‐RX isolation, as well as the inherently imperfect isolation characteristic of a coupled‐line directional coupler, are included in the design of the coupled‐line passive circulator. The proposed coupler exhibits up to 60‐dB isolation characteristic with the mismatch of the employed reader antenna. The performance comparison between the proposed and the conventional coupled‐line directional couplers shows a significant improvement in the leakage‐to‐signal ratio by up to 35 dB. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 2597–2600, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23705
A microwave filter fabricated on the lead free piezoelectric substrate using the interdigital capacitor and bonding‐wire inductor
Authors: Weng Min‐Hang , Yang Ru‐Yuan , Wu Sean , Jhong Shih‐Bin , Hung Cheng‐Yuan 
Published: July 2008

AbstractIn this letter, a lumped‐element bandpass filter (BPF) fabricated on the high‐dielectric constant piezoelectric substrate using the interdigital capacitor and the bonding‐wire inductor is designed and implemented. The lead‐free piezoelectric substrate of Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3 (BNT) ceramics prepared by a conventional solid‐state reaction method and sintered at temperatures 1100°C was used as substrate. The resonant frequency could be easily controlled by varying the lengths of silver bonding wire. The design procedure using the analysis of different bond‐wire lengths of silver wire is described in this work. A lumped‐element BPF with a central frequency at 0.9 GHz and a fractional bandwidth of 31.53% are fabricated and measured using the network analyzer. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 2594–2597, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23706
A MMIC 4.3‐GHz tunable low‐pass filter
Authors: Pistono Emmanuel , Fournier Jean‐Michel , Duvillaret Lionel , Duchamp Jean‐Marc , Vilcot Anne , Ferrari Philippe 
Published: July 2008

AbstractA microwave integrated, tunable, low‐pass filter is presented. This coplanar filter exhibits a wide tuning range of the cutoff frequency (±19% around 4.3 GHz) and a −30 dB stopband that extends up to 30 GHz. Insertion loss is 1.5 dB at low frequencies and return loss is better than 14 dB in the passband. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 2566–2568, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23707
Application of IE‐FFT with combined field integral equation to electrically large scattering problems
Authors: An Xiang , Lü Zhi‐Qing 
Published: July 2008

AbstractA fast integral equation method, termed IE‐FFT, is applied with the combined field integral equation (CFIE) for solving electromagnetic scattering problems of three‐dimensional (3D) electrically large targets. For closed conducting surfaces, the employment of CFIE eliminates the internal resonance problem suffered by both the electric field integral equation and the magnetic integral equation. Furthermore, it improves the efficiency of IE‐FFT significantly by reducing the number of iterations for convergence. It is shown that the memory requirement and the computational complexity per iteration of the IE‐FFT are O(N1.5) and O(N1.5 log N), respectively, for 3D perfectly electric conducting scattering problems. Some numerical examples are provided to demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the technique. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 2561–2566, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23708
Cylindrical near‐to‐far‐field transformation system for radar antennas: Design, validation, and application
Authors: Burgos S. , Martín F. , Sierra‐Castañer M. , Besada J. L. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractCylindrical near‐field systems are appropriate measurement systems for large L‐band RADAR antennas, because they can be measured on their azimuthal positioner, and the probe can be easily translated through a vertical linear slide. Thus, for large antennas, the mechanical aspects of the measurement systems are important and the errors in this mechanical part can affect to the far‐field radiation pattern. This work presents the design and validation process of the near‐to‐far‐field transformation algorithm applied to an outdoor L‐band RADAR antenna cylindrical system. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 2527–2531, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23709
Parallel type substrate integrated waveguide Gunn oscillator
Authors: Zhong Cuilin , Xu Jun , Yu Zhiyuan , Li Junhong 
Published: July 2008

AbstractBased on the substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) technology, a parallel‐type Gunn diode oscillator was developed. SIW resonant cavity structure was emphasized. Restrictions on the performance of the oscillators imposed by packaged networks and the self‐characteristic of the Gunn diode devices have been mainly analyzed. This oscillator performance is characterized by a medium level output power of 15.2 dBm, a low phase noise less than −87.8 dBc/Hz@99 kHz, and frequency excursion 59 MHz over temperature range from 15 to 75°C. It has some advantages such as planar structure, low cost, small size, and good temperature‐frequency stability. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 2525–2527, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23710
Self‐biased distributed amplifier: Linearity improvement and efficiency enhancement
Authors: Lau Kwok Wai , Chan Kwai Yu , Xue Quan , Chan Chi Hou 
Published: July 2008

AbstractA self‐biased distributed amplifier with wideband linearity improvement and efficiency enhancement is presented. With the aid of a self‐adaptive bias network, the location of IMD3 minimum is dynamically manipulated, while the DC bias power of the distributed amplifier is adaptively biased. Experimental two‐tone test successfully demonstrates more than 10 dB and 27% reductions of the first sidelobes and the DC power consumptions are achieved respectively in the proposed design when operating between 900 and 3300 MHz. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 2493–2497, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23711