bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The First Reported Case of Anti‐Dob Causing an Acute Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction
Authors: Halverson G. , Shanahan E. , Santiago I. , Mabile R. , Thurrell T. , Strupp A. M. , Wolf C. F. W. , Spruell P. , Moulds M. K. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe antibodies of the Dombrock blood group system have only rarely been encountered in transfusion practice, and anti‐Dob has not previously been implicated in an acute hemolytic transfusion reaction. We have encountered the first such case involving a chronically transfused black female with hemoglobin SS disease and multiple antibodies in her serum. During a previous admission for sickle cell crisis, the patient received 3 units of compatible blood with no untoward effects. Serum obtained 21 days later contained, in addition to the known antibodies, anti‐S plus an unidentified antibody showing characteristics of HTLA. Blood lacking the E, K1, Fy(a), Jk(b) and S antigens was obtained, and 2 least incompatible units were transfused. While administering the second unit, the patient complained of fever and low back pain, and hemoglobinemia was detected. Anti‐Dob was identified in the post‐reaction samples by absorption‐elution tests, and the patient was confirmed to be Do(a+b–). The first unit transfused during this hemolytic episode tested Do (b+). This case, and a similar case involving anti‐Doa reported in 1986, strengthens the belief that Dombrock antibodies are clinically significant and illustrates the need for their differentiation, prior to transfusion from less clinically significant HTLA antibodies.
Rh18 and hrS Blood Groups and Antibodies
Authors: Moores Phyllis 
Published: March 2009

AbstractAnti‐hrS, also known as the Shabalala antibody, is unlikely to be found in unabsorbed human serum. The term ‘anti‐hrS’ was devised by Shapiro in 1960 to describe the antibodies remaining in the absorbed serum after anti‐Rh18 had been absorbed with R2R2 red cells. R2R2‐absorbed anti‐Rh18 (anti‐hrS), although an interesting research tool, is therefore clinically irrelevant. Unabsorbed anti‐Rh18, on the other hand, is a clinically significant antibody. It is compatible not only with Rh‐‘deleted’ and Rhnull red cells, as described by Shapiro, but is also compatible with the red cells of numbers of Southern African Blacks and Coloureds (mixed race) who have R0, R0u or R2r pheno‐types. Anti‐Rh18 causes haemolytic disease of the newborn and, when uncontaminated with other antibodies, is a further reagent for resolving Rh grouping problems.
M9+ WINS Blood Group Phenotype: Further Observations
Authors: Green Carole , Daniels Geoff , Skov Flemining , Tippett Patricia 
Published: March 2009

AbstractRed cells carrying the low‐frequency MNS antigen M8 reacted with the only example of anti‐DANE, an antibody which had previously defined the GP.Dane (Mi.IX) phenotype. Furthermore, Mg + cells reacted with the original anti‐Mur (serum of Mrs. Murrell), but with none of 14 other anti‐Mur. Therefore, M8 + cells carry both DANE antigen and an atypical Mur antigen. Immunoblotting of membranes from Mg + cells with anti‐M, and with eluates prepared from anti‐Mg and Mrs. Murrell's serum demonstrated a glycophorin A (GPA) molecule whose mobility was increased by an apparent Mr of about 3,000 presumably due to the loss of the three O‐glycans known to be absent from Mg ‐active GPA.
Studies of One Invasive and Two Noninvasive Methods for Detection of Bacterial Contamination of Platelet Concentrates
Authors: Högman Claes F. , Gong Jian 
Published: March 2009

AbstractRecently, a new method for noninvasive detection of bacterial contamination of platelet concentrates was described [Arpi et al: Vox Sang 1993;65:335–336]. A CO2‐sensitive label is applied on the outer surface of the plastic container of the platelet concentrate. When any contaminating bacteria have increased the pCO2 to a certain level the label changes color, indicating bacterial growth. We have studied this technique and applied such sensitive labels both directly onto PCs and onto plastic bags with culture medium into which platelet contents have been transferred. However, in both cases the sensitivity of the technique was found insufficient for practical quality control of PCs. There seem to be two problems with this principle: (1) platelets produce CO2 and (2) a considerable amount of the gas passes beside the detection label, in this way decreasing the sensitivity of detection by the label. This noninvasive technique was compared with an invasive method using automated bacterial culture, which was found sensitive and rapid.
A Highly Purified Antithrombin III Concentrate Prepared From Human Plasma Fraction IV‐1 by Affinity Chromatography
Authors: Lebing Wytold R. , Hammond David J. , Wydick James E. , Baumbach George A. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractWe describe an improved method for large‐scale purification of antithrombin III (AT‐III) from human plasma involving heparin affinity chromatography of redis‐solved fraction IV‐1 paste, viral inactivation by heating, followed by a second heparin affinity column. The characteristics of a new heparin affinity resin and the ability to extrapolate process behavior from small‐scale (20 ml) to large‐scale (40 liter) columns are described. This supports the use of the small‐scale column for process optimization and validation studies in compliance with current regulatory requirements for biological products. The process has been characterized by analytical techniques including sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), reducing SDS, and nondenaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; laser desorption time‐of‐flight mass spectroscopy, and electrospray mass spectroscopy. These results demonstrate that greater than 95% of the protein in the final products is AT‐III, which is greater than 95% active as defined by thrombin inhibition.
Studies in Red Blood Cell Preservation. 8. Liquid Storage of Red Cells in a Glycerol‐Containing Additive Solution
Authors: Dumaswala U.J. , Bentley N.L. , Greenwalt T.J. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe purpose of the present study was to determine whether a hypotonic additive containing a low concentration of glycerol as a membrane permeable solute would improve the liquid storage of red blood cells (RBCs). Packed RBCs were stored either with 200 ml of an experimental additive solution, EAS 25, containing (mM): glycerol 150, adenine 2, glucose 110, mannitol 55, and NaCl 50, or with 100 ml/unit of a conventional additive solution Adsol®. The results show that the adenosine triphosphate values, hemolysis, potassium leakage, and the morphology scores of RBCs were significantly better with EAS 25 than with Adsol up to 84 days of storage. The ATP values were significantly different only after the first 42 days of storage. The mean corpuscular volumes (MCVs) of the RBCs were significantly higher throughout in the experimental additive accompanied by decreased microvesiculation as compared to Adsol. The total microvesicle membrane protein shed by 100 ml of RBCs was 47.92±12.31 mg in Adsol and 18.96±5.49 mg in EAS 25 (p<0.001). The larger MCVs of the RBCs in EAS 25 may have a favorable effect on maintaining membrane integrity by decreasing the loss of membrane by microvesiculation.
Complement Activation during Storage of Single‐Donor Platelet Concentrates
Authors: Schleuning Michael , Böck Markus , Mempel Wolfgang 
Published: March 2009

AbstractSingle‐donor platelets are stored up to 5 days prior to transfusion. Since contact of plasma to plastic surfaces may lead to complement activation, we investigated whether there is any increase in the complement factors C3a, C4a and C5a in routinely stored single‐donor platelet concentrates. C3a levels increased about 40‐fold during a 7‐day storage. C4a levels also increased with storage time but to a lesser extent. By contrast, C5a levels remained stable throughout this period. ADP‐ and collagen‐induced aggregation was impaired after storage of platelets, indicating severe functional injury. In platelet‐poor plasma stored under identical conditions a comparable increase in C3a and C4a concentrations was observed. The loss of platelet function during storage might at least in part be due to the excessive anaphylatoxin concentrations observed.
In vitro Platelet Function during Storage in Three Different Additive Solutions
Authors: Koerner K. , Sahlmen P. , Zimmermann B. , Cardoso M. , Kubanek B. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThree different synthetic media without glucose were studied for platelet storage. The first medium contained acetate and gluconate. The second contained acetate, gluconate and citrate. Finally the third contained phosphate and mannitol. The purpose of the study was to investigate whether there were differences among the various media in terms of preservation of platelet quality. Pools of platelet concentrates were prepared from buffy coats. In vitro function and metabolic parameters were measured during 5 days of storage in these additive solutions as well as in plasma. Platelet aggregation, hypotonic shock response and release of β‐thromboglobulin, platelet factor 4 and lactate dehydrogenase of the cytosol were equivalent in the media containing acetate compared to plasma storage. In vitro platelet functions and pH in these two media were better preserved compared to the medium with phosphate and mannitol. In addition bacteriological studies using platelets suspended in additive solutions or in plasma were carried out. Carryover of 20% of plasma to the synthetic media necessary for successful platelet storage in these additive solutions allows bacteriological growth. As shown, inoculation of 1 colony/ml Staphylococcus epidermidis leads to 106–107 organisms/ml after 5 days of storage.
Stability of Glycoproteins Ib/IX and IIb/IIIa during Preparation and Storage of Platelet Concentrates: Detection by Binding Assays with Epitope‐Defined Monoclonal Antibodies and Physiological Ligands
Authors: Rivera J. , Sánchez‐Roig M.J. , Rosillo M.C. , Moraleda J.M. , Vicente V. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractPreservation of the glycoprotein (GP) complexes Ib/IX and IIb/IIIa, because of their role as specific platelet receptors for adhesive proteins, is essential for the haemostatic efficacy of transfusions of platelet concentrates (PCs). We have combined binding assays with epitope‐defined monoclonal antibodies, and with the physiological ligands von Willebrand factor and fibrinogen (Fo), to investigate the total expression and functional status of these receptors, in PCs stored for up to 9 days. Routine preparation and storage for up to 5 days have no apparent effect on the surface expression and the functional status of GPs Ib/IX and IIb/IIIa. However, after prolonged storage for up to 9 days we found a 50% decrease in the level of the total and functional GP Ib/IX content of platelets. This finding parallelled a significant rise in plasma glycocalicin, a proteolytic fragment of GP Ib. In addition, long‐term storage promoted an impairment in the exposure of GP IIb/IIIa to Fo, and a 50% decrease in Fo binding capacity, without affecting the complex quantiatitvely. Finally, we also noticed a storage‐induced increase in the platelet surface expression of GMP 140, and after 9 days of storage there was a rise in mean platelet volume, and a significant reduction in pH levels.
High Prevalence of HBV Infectivity in Blood Donors Detected by the Dot Blot Hybridisation Assay
Authors: Nagaraju K. , Misra S. , Saraswat S. , Choudhary N. , Masih B. , Ramesh V. , Naik S. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractHepatitis B virus (HBV) continues to be a significant cause for post‐transfusion hepatitis in India, in spite of the introduction of compulsory hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) screening. To understand the true HBV‐infective pool in the blood donor population, HBV DNA was detected by a 32P‐labelled dot blot hybridisation assay in 605 donor units that were negative for HBsAg by a third‐generation Elisa. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) was estimated in all these samples and correlated with DNA positivity. The frequency of HBV DNA positivity in HBsAg‐negative units was very high (9.91%) and correlated well with the elevation in ALT (p<0.00005). However, the frequency of elevated ALT was high (11.9%), using the locally determined upper limit of normal, and half of the DNA‐positive samples had a normal ALT. Thus, ALT is a poor surrogate marker for HBV infectivity and efforts should be made to apply DNA detection systems in blood banks.
A Rare Leucine 40/Arginine40 Polymorphism on Platelet Glycoprotein IIIa Is Linked to the Human Platelet Antigen 1b
Authors: Walchshofer Sabine , Ghali Daniel , Fink Monika , Panzer‐Grümayer Eva Renate , Panzer Simon 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA rare polymorphism on glycoprotein (GP) IIIa is reported. Sequencing of a 482‐base‐pair (bp) PCR product of the genomic DNA of GPIIIa revealed a single‐base exchange of a G?T polymorphism at base 12,569 that created an additional restriction site for MspI. This single‐point mutation (frequency in Caucasians 0.00386) is on the HPA‐1b gene (HPA‐1bvar) and codominantly inherited. The exchange of a G for a T results in a leucine‐to‐arginine substitution at amino acid 40 from the NH2 terminus. The binding of anti‐HPA‐1a and ‐1b antibodies to HPA‐lbvar platelets is not influenced.
Proficiency Testing of Factor VIII:C Activitiy Assays at the Canadian Red Cross Society National Reference Laboratory
Authors: Wasi Safia , Murray Shelley A. , Gill Peter 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA national proficiency testing program has been established to monitor the accuracy and precision of factor VIII:C (FVIII:C) assays performed at the various Blood Services Centres of the Canadian Red Cross Society involved in the collection and processing of either donor blood designated for component production or plasma destined for fractionation. This paper describes the preparation, design, and results of the first four exercises involving 19 laboratories. The exercices were designed to allow the investigation of intralaboratory variability between replicate samples and precision of assays as well as the causes of interlaboratory variability. The implementation of this program has led to improved precision and interlaboratory agreement on FVIII:C assays. These improvements were achieved mainly as a result of a modification in the method for sample dilution, an increase in both replicate testing of the same sample and the number of sample dilutions, and a reduction in the number of reagent systems used by various centres.
Adsorption Filtration of Leukocyte‐Reduced Single Donor Platelet Units
Authors: AuBuchon J.P. , Burbank A. , Webber S. , O'Neill M. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe effect of adsorption filtration of leukocyte‐reduced single donor platelet (SDP) units collected on a CS‐3000+ with a TNX chamber was compared to filtration of SDP units prepared via an isoradial chamber. The leukocyte enumeration technique employed a Nageotte chamber and had a nominal lower detection limit of 0.05 leukocytes/μl (if no cells were seen, the concentration was recorded as 0.01 μl). Although the prefiltration leukocyte content of the TNX units was unexpectedly low (2.4±2.8 times 104 per unit), filtration reduced the leukocyte content further to no greater than 1.7±0.07 times 103 (p<0.05). (The full extent of the leukocyte removal could not be assessed as no leukocytes were seen in counting any of the 20 filtered TNX units.) The 20 isoradial (control) SDP units achieved similar leukocyte depletion, with a postfiltration leukocyte content of 2.7±2.5 times 103 (p>0.05, compared to filtered TNX units). Thus while significant leukocyte reduction occurred with adsorption filtration of both control and leukocyte‐depleted SDP units, comparison of the relative degree of reduction awaits application of more sensitive leukocyte counting techniques. This study documented, however, that additional leukocyte reduction can be obtained by applying adsorption filtration to SDP units with an already low leukocyte content.
Membrane Glycoproteins in Cryopreserved Platelets
Authors: Owens M. , Werner E. , Holme S. , Afflerbach C. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractAlthough platelets stored by cryopreservation are effective in hemostasis, they acquire a number of functional defects during storage and preparation for transfusion. In addition to known acquired defects such as defective aggregation, decreased resistance to hypotonic shock, and disc‐spherocyte transformation, we have shown that cryopreserved platelets have decreased capacity to adhere to subendothelium, compared to liquid‐stored platelets. To investigate this decrease in adhesive capacity of cryopreserved platelets, we measured the major adhesive membrane glycoprotein, GPIb, and the principal aggregatory protein, GPIIb/IIIa, using flow cytometry in fresh platelets or in platelets cryopreserved in 5% DMSO. We also analyzed aggregation of cryopreserved platelets or liquid‐stored platelets in response to ristocetin as another measurement of GPIb functional capacity. We found that approximately 15% of cryopreserved platelets lost surface‐bound GPIb, while there was no measurable loss of GPIIB/IIIa during cryopreservation. The cryopreserved platelets also showed a significant decrease in aggregation to ristocetin, but no loss of response to the stronger agonist, thrombin. The loss of surface GPIb from cryopreserved platelets was modest in degree, approximately that reported for liquid‐stored platelets, and does not seem great enough to account for the observed functional changes in aggregation and adhesion.
The Lea Antigen and Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia in Taiwan
Authors: Lin Marie , Shieh Shiow‐Hwa , Hwang Fu‐Yuen , Broadberry Richard E. , Liang Der‐Cherng 
Published: March 2009

AbstractNeonatal jaundice is known to be more severe in Taiwanese infants than in Caucasian infants. Although ABO fetomaternal incompatibility and glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency have been shown to play a role in the etiology of neonatal jaundice in some Taiwanese infants, the etiology in the majority of cases is unknown. In this study we found that in Taiwanese newborn infants, the red cell Lea antigen appeared later in infants who were jaundiced (peak serum bilirubin levels of >12 mg/dl during the first week of life) than in infants who were not. However, the Leb antigen, and hence the transferases encoded by the Se and Sew genes, did not appear to be similarly involved in the etiology of physiological jaundice. Thus it would appear that the Le gene‐specified transferase is less active or has a delayed function, in jaundiced infants. The relationship between the Le gene‐specified transferase and bilirubin has yet to be established.
Human Anti‐Factor VIII Antibodies: Epitope Localization and Inhibitory Function
Authors: Scandella Dorothea 
Published: March 2009

AbstractRecombinant polypeptides derived from coagulation factor VIII (fVIII) have been used to determine the epitopes and characteristics of human pathologic anti‐fVIII antibodies. The results of immunoprecipitation assays indicate that 70% of patient plasmas contain antibodies to the A2 as well as the C2 domains of the fVIII protein. The same polypeptides were used for inhibitor neutralization assays to demonstrate that about 60% of plasmas contain 2 or 3 different antibodies which collectively make up the inhibitor titer. The results of neutralization assays indicate that there is a third important inhibitor epitope within the light chain outside C2. Anti‐A2 antibodies prevent normal function of the factor Xase complex of the intrinsic pathway of blood coagulation. Anti‐C2 antibodies prevent the binding of fVIII to phospholipid and to von Willebrand factor, both of which are important for normal fVIII function.
The Treatment of Factor VIII Inhibitors ‐ A General Overview
Authors: White Gilbert C. , Roberts Harold R. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe management of patients with classic hemophilia who develop inhibitory antibodies against transfused factor VIII has been the frequent subject of international and national conferences. While treatment of such patients cannot be considered as standardized, several therapeutic approaches are currently available. These include the induction of immune tolerance, removal or eradication of inhibitory antibodies by immune adsorption and/or immune suppression, neutralization of the inhibitor by porcine factor VIII or high doses of human factor VIII, and bypassing of the inhibitor using recombinant factor VIIa or other bypassing agents. In addition to currently available therapeutic strategies, other approaches are under investigation, including the use of selected factor VIII peptides that block the inhibitor; the use of immunologically mute factor VIII products, for example a human‐porcine factor VIII chimera not recognized by factor VIII inhibitors, and the use of anti‐idiotypic antibodies. The ability to recognize those patients destined to develop inhibitors is also under active investigation.
Induction of Immune Tolerance, the Future of the Registry
Authors: Ewing Nadia P. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractFactor VIII (FVIII) inhibitors are IgG antibodies that neutralize the procoagulant activity of FVIII, rendering hemorrhages difficult to manage. There may exist a genetic predisposition with consequent imbalance of T and B cell function. Efforts at inhibitor eradication in the last 20 years have produced a multitude of immune tolerance induction (IIT) protocols with variable outcome. Data derived from the International Registry indicate that inhibitor titer at outset of IIT and dose of FVIII concentrate used are important predictors of success. Future Registry activities should identify optimally standardized IIT regimens designed on the basis of patient likelihood to achieve tolerance and should provide further understanding of T and B cell interaction in the treatment process.
Pulse oximetric thresholds for tonsillectomy and adenotomy in children: significance of 1–2% decline in oxyhemoglobin saturation
Authors: MIYAMOTO YOSHIKAZU , KINOUCHI KEIKO , SANO MITSUHITO , IGUCHI NAOYA , ONO RIE , KITAMURA SEIJI , MASHIMO TAKASHI 
Published: March 2009

SummaryObjectives:  We aimed to establish optimal overnight pulse oximetric thresholds for determining the indication of tonsillectomy and adenotomy (TA) in children by revising the definition of ‘desaturation’.Methods:  One hundred and thirty four children scheduled for TA (TA group, 5.3 ± 1.4 years old) and 112 otherwise healthy children scheduled for elective minor surgery (control group, 5.4 ± 1.5 years old) were enrolled into this prospective study. Data were recorded and stored every 10 s using Nellcor N‐395. Desaturation/resaturation events were defined as x% change (x = 1–4) of SpO2 (oxyhemoglobin saturation by pulse oximetry) in 10 s. The desaturation/resaturation indices were calculated as events per hour of total sleeping time. For each index, a wide range of temporary thresholds was set. The optimal thresholds for TA were the ones that maximized the weighted average for sensitivity, specificity (based on whether the index improved or not after TA), and the percentage of the control children whose indices were below the threshold.Results:  For all the indices, the optimal thresholds that fulfilled the above condition were determined. Compared with the x = 3–4% results, the application of x = 1–2% approximately doubled the TA patients whose preoperative ‘positive’ indices improved after TA, with the weighted averages of 84.3–92.3% as described above.Conclusions:  By defining desaturation/resaturation as a 1–2% change in SpO2 from the preceding value, children with adenotonsillar hypertrophy whose pulse oximetric indices are expected to improve after TA can be detected by pulse oximetry with relatively high sensitivity and specificity.