bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and characterization of γ‐Al2O3 nanorods
Authors: Li W. F. , Ma X. L. , Zhang W. S. , Zhang W. , Li Y. , Zhang Z. D. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractOne‐dimensional nanorods of cubic aluminum oxide (γ‐Al2O3) have been synthesized by DC electric arc discharge of Fe and Al powders. It is seen that the diameters of the γ‐Al2O3 nanorods are relatively uniform, ranging from 20 to 30 nm. On the basis of detailed transmission electron microscopic observation, it is proposed that the growth of a γ‐Al2O3 nanorod follows the vapor–liquid–solid (VLS) process assisted by a two‐dimensional vapor–solid (VS) nucleation and growth mechanism. The features of heavy twinning in the nanorod imply that twins might contribute to the growth of the nanorod and serve as the nucleus of the nanorod. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
George Rochberg
Authors: Johnson Bret 
Published: January 2006

ROCHBERG: Symphony No. 2; Imago Mundi. Naxos 8.559182.ROCHBERG: Symphony No. 5; Black Sounds; Transcendental Variations. Naxos 8.559115.ROCHBERG: Violin Concerto (revised and extended version). Peter Sheppard Skaerved (vln). Naxos 8.559129. All three discs Saarbrücken Radio Symphony Orchestra c. Christopher Lyndon-Gee.
Bolcom, Gann and other Americans
Authors: Lister Rodney 
Published: January 2006

WILLIAM BOLCOM: Songs of Innocence and of Experience. Christine Brewer, Measha Brueggergosman, Hana Davidson, Linda Hohenfeld, Carmen Pelton (sops), Joan Morris (mezzo-sop), Marietta Simpson (con), Thomas Young (ten), Nmon Ford (bar), Nathan Lee Graham (speaker/vocals), Tommy Morgan (harmonica), Peter ‘Madcat’ Ruth (harmonica and vocals), Jeremy Kittel (fiddle), The University of Michigan Musical Society Choral Union, Chamber Choir, University Choir, Orpheus Singers, Michigan State University Children’s Choir, Contemporary Directions Ensemble, University Symphony Orchestra c. Leonard Slatkin. Naxos 8.559216-18.AARON COPLAND: Inscape. ROGER SESSIONS: Symphony No. 8. GEORGE PERLE: Transcendental Modulations. BERNARD RANDS: …where the murmurs die… . The American Symphony Orchestra c. Leon Botstein. New World 80631-2.KYLE GANN: Nude Rolling Down an Escalator: Studies for Disklavier. New World 80633-2.
Swiss Cello Concertos
Authors: Palmer Peter 
Published: January 2006

URS JOSEPH FLURY: Vineta; Concerto for Cello and Orchestra; Sinfonietta for Strings. Biel Symphony Orchestra; Pierre Fournier (vlc), Vienna Volksoper Orchestra; Vienna Chamber Orchestra c. Urs Joseph Flury. Musikszene Schweiz MGB CD 6184.SCHOECK: Concerto for Cello and String Orchestra, op. 61; Suite in A flat for Strings, op. 59. Julius Berger (vlc), South West German Chamber Orchestra of Pforzheim c. Vladislav Czarnecki. ebs 6145 (www.EBSMusikproduktion.de).
Adolf Busch
Authors: Anderson Martin 
Published: January 2006

ADOLF BUSCH String Sextet in G, op. 40. BRAHMS String Sextet No. 1 in B flat major, op. 18. Kölner Streichsextett. Raumklang/Marc Aurel Edition CMN 006.ADOLF BUSCH: Quartet in One Movement in B minor, op. 29. KAMINSKI: String Quartet in F major. SCHULHOFF: String Quartet No. 1. ULLMANN: String Quartet No. 3. Casal Quartet. Telos Music Records TLS 111.ADOLF BUSCH: Organ Works. Ludger Lohmann (organ). Motette CD 13101.
Ernst Toch’s symphonies
Authors: Johnson Bret 
Published: January 2006

TOCH: Complete Symphonies. Rundfunk-Sinfonieorchester Berlin c. Alun Francis. Three CDs, available separately: Nos. 1 and 4: cpo 999 774-2; Nos. 2 and 3: cpo 999 705-2; Nos. 5, 6 and 7: cpo 999 389-2.TOCH: Piano Concerto No. 1, op. 38; Peter Pan, op. 76; Pinnochio Overture; ‘Big Ben’ Variations, op. 62. Todd Crow (pno), NDR Hamburg Symphony Orchestra c. Leon Botstein. New World Records 80609-2.
British Piano Music
Authors: MacDonald Calum 
Published: January 2006

KENNETH LEIGHTON: Sonatinas Nos. 1 and 2, op.1; Sonata No.1 op.2; Sonata No.2 op.17; Five Studies op.22; Fantasia Contrappuntistica (Homage to Bach) op.24; Variations op.30; Nine Variations op.36; Pieces for Angela op.47; Conflicts (Fantasy on Two Themes) op.51; Six Studies (Study-Variations) op.56; Sonata (1972) op.64; Household Pets op.86; Four Romantic Pieces op.95; Jack-in-the-Box; Study; Lazy-bones. Angela Brownridge (pno). Delphian DCD 34301-3 (3-CD set).PATRICK PIGGOTT: Fantasia quasi una Sonata; 8 Preludes and a Postlude (Third Set). Second Piano Sonata. Malcolm Binns (pno). British Music Society BMS 430CD.SORABJI: Fantasia ispanica. Jonathan Powell (pno). Altarus AIR-CD-9084.ROWLEY: Concerto for piano, strings and percussion, op.49. DARNTON: Concertino for piano and string orchestra. GERHARD: Concerto for piano and strings. FERGUSON: Concerto for piano and string orchestra, op.12. Peter Donohoe (pno and c.), Northern Sinfonia. Naxos 8.557290.Severnside Composers’ Alliance Inaugural Piano Recital. GEOFFREY SELF: Sonatina 1. IVOR GURNEY:Preludes, Sets 1, 2 and 3. JOLYON LAYCOCK: L’Abri Pataud. RICHARD BERNARD: On Erin Shore. STEVEN KINGS: Fingers Pointing to the Moon. SUSAN COPPARD: Round and Around. JOHN PITTS: Aire 1; Fantasies 1, 5. JAMES PATTEN: Nocturnes 3, 4. SULYEN CARADON: Dorian Dirge. RAYMOND WARREN: Monody; Chaconne. Peter Jacobs (pno). Live recording, 23 February 2005. Dunelm DRD0238.Severnside Composers’ Alliance – A Recital by two pianists. MARTINŮ: Three Czech Dances. BEDFORD: Hoquetus David. JOHN PITTS: Changes. HOLLOWAY: Gilded Goldbergs Suite. JOLYON LAYCOCK: Die! A1 Sparrow. POULENC: Élégie. LUTOSLAWSKI: Paganini Variations. Steven Kings, Christopher Northam (pnos). Live recording, 14 May 2005. Dunelm DRD0243.‘Transcendent Journey’. FOULDS: Gandharva-Music, op.49; April-England, op.48 no.1. CORIGLIANO: Fantasia on an Ostinato. PROKOFIEV: Toccata, op.11. With works by BACH-CHUQUISENGO, HANDEL, BEETHOVENLISZT, BACH-BUSONI, SCHUMANN. Juan José Chuquisengo (pno). Sony SK 93829.
A Novel Three‐Dimensional Computer‐Assisted Method for a Quantitative Study of Microvascular Networks of the Human Cerebral Cortex
Authors: CASSOT FRANCIS , LAUWERS FREDERIC , FOUARD CÉLINE , PROHASKA STEFFEN , LAUWERS‐CANCES VALERIE 
Published: January 2006

ABSTRACTObjective: Detailed information on microvascular network anatomy is a requirement for understanding several aspects of microcirculation, including oxygen transport, distributions of pressure, and wall shear stress in microvessels, regulation of blood flow, and interpretation of hemodynamically based functional imaging methods, but very few quantitative data on the human brain microcirculation are available. The main objective of this study is to propose a new method to analyze this microcirculation.Methods: From thick sections of india ink‐injected human brain, using confocal laser microscopy, the authors developed algorithms adapted to very large data sets to automatically extract and analyze center lines together with diameters of thousands of brain microvessels within a large cortex area.Results: Direct comparison between the original data and the processed vascular skeletons demonstrated the high reliability of this method and its capability to manage a large amount of data, from which morphometry and topology of the cerebral microcirculation could be derived.Conclusions: Among the many parameters that can be analyzed by this method, the capillary size, the frequency distributions of diameters and lengths, the fractal nature of these networks, and the depth‐related density of vessels are all vital features for an adequate model of cerebral microcirculation.
Dietary Steatotic Liver Attenuates Acetaminophen Hepatotoxicity in Mice
Authors: ITO YOSHIYA , ABRIL EDWARD R. , BETHEA NANCY W. , MCCUSKEY MARGARET K. , MCCUSKEY ROBERT S. 
Published: January 2006

ABSTRACTObjective: To determine whether hepatic steatosis is susceptible to acetaminophen (APAP) hepatotoxicity.Methods: Male C57Bl/6 mice were fed a “Western‐style” diet (high fat and high carbohydrate) for 4 months to develop severe hepatic steatosis with mild increases in alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels. These were compared to mice fed a standard chow diet.Results: Treatment with APAP (300 mg/kg, orally) to mice fed a regular chow increased ALT levels (519‐fold) and caused hepatic centrilobular injury at 6 h. APAP increased hepatic cytochrome‐P (CYP)‐2E1 mRNA levels (17‐fold). In vivo microscopic studies showed that APAP caused a 30% decrease in sinusoidal perfusion and the infiltration of red blood cells into the space of Disse. Electron microscopy demonstrated that numerous gaps were formed in sinusoidal endothelial cells. Mice fed the “Western‐style” diet were protected from APAP hepatotoxicity as evidenced by 89% decrease in ALT levels and less centrilobular injury, which was associated with 42% decrease in CYP2E1 mRNA levels. The APAP‐induced liver microcirculatory dysfunction was minimized in mice fed the “Western‐style” diet.Conclusions: These results suggest that hepatic steatosis elicited by the “Western‐style” diet attenuated APAP‐induced hepatotoxicity by inhibiting CYP2E1 induction and by minimizing sinusoidal endothelial cell injury, leading to protection of liver microcirculation.
Transient Osmotic Absorption of Fluid in Microvessels Exposed to Low Concentrations of Dimethyl Sulfoxide
Authors: GLASS CATHERINE A. , PERRIN RACHEL M. , POCOCK TRISTAN M. , BATES DAVID O. 
Published: January 2006

ABSTRACTDimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO) is a common solvent for pharmacological agents. It is a small, lipophilic molecule thought to be relatively highly permeable through the cell membrane. While measuring the effect of low concentrations of DMSO (0.05–0.5% v/v) on capillary hydraulic conductivity as a vehicle control for pharmacological agents, the authors noticed what appeared to be an unusual transient absorption of fluid across the vessel wall. This absorption occurred during occlusion of the vessel, but dissipated quickly (1.7–8.6 s). The transient reabsorption reappeared upon each successive occlusion. To determine the nature of this transient absorption, the authors have measured the effect of increasing the pressure of the perfusing solution, of the concentration and time of perfusion of DMSO, and of superfusing the DMSO. They found that the absorption rate, but not the filtration rate, was concentration dependent, and was significantly correlated with the osmotic pressure of the DMSO. Moreover, the time taken for completion of the transient, i.e., time to reversal of flow, was inversely proportional to the hydraulic conductivity of the vessel. Furthermore, the transient absorption could be reduced and eventually abolished by increasing the hydrostatic pressure. These results strongly suggested that perfusion with low concentrations of DMSO could set up a significant osmotic pressure gradient across the vessel wall. This proposed mechanism for the absorption was confirmed by the measurement of a significant osmotic reflection coefficient of the vessel wall to DMSO (0.11 ± 0.01). Relatively low concentrations (0.05–0.5%) of DMSO were therefore able to stimulate a significant osmotic transient across the blood vessel walls.
High‐Resolution Intravital NADH Fluorescence Microscopy Allows Measurements of Tissue Bioenergetics in Rat Ileal Mucosa
Authors: ROSE JIM , MARTIN CLAUDIO , MACDONALD TAMMY , ELLIS CHRIS 
Published: January 2006

ABSTRACTObjectives: NADH fluorescence microscopy has been used as an index of the metabolic state of tissue but is associated with various obstacles such as low spatial resolution and quenching effects of blood pigments that prevent reliable monitoring of tissue bioenergetics. The objective of this study was to develop a system to monitor tissue bioenergetics in vivo using NADH fluorescence microscopy in the rat ileal mucosa.Materials and Methods: Using an inverted microscope with an epifluorescence unit and an intensified charge‐coupled device camera, NADH fluorescence images were visualized. Fluorescence intensity was measured of β ‐NADH solutions at varying concentration (n = 6) and pH (n = 3) and in ex vivo (n = 6) and in vivo (n = 6) preparations of ileal mucosa of Sprague‐Dawley rats anesthetized with isoflurane.Results: Intravital fluorescence microscopy reveals a map of the microcirculation that permits visualization of NADH fluorescence and intercapillary areas. The system was adjusted so a linear relationship between physiological concentrations of β ‐NADH and fluorescence was achieved (r2 = 0.98, p < .0001). Decreasing the pH of the solution had no effect on fluorescence intensity and fluorescence intensity in an anoxic ex vivo ileal segment was similar to that of the in vivo ileum after ischemia. Ischemia also resulted in spatial heterogeneity that was abolished by the addition of a 550‐nm LP filter.Conclusions: With this system, intravital NADH fluorescence microscopy provides the high resolution necessary to reliably monitor tissue bioenergetics in the rat ileal mucosa.
Prescription Drug Expenditures and Population Demographics
Authors: Morgan Steven G. 
Published: January 2006

Objective. To provide detailed demographic profiles of prescription drug utilization and expenditures in order to isolate the impact of demographic change from other factors that affect drug expenditure trends.Data Sources/Study Setting. Demographic information and drug utilization data were extracted for virtually the entire British Columbia (BC) population of 1996 and 2002. All residents had public medical and hospital insurance; however their drug coverage resembled the mix of private and public insurance in the United States.Study Design. A series of research variables were constructed to illustrate profiles of drug expenditures and drug utilization across 96 age/sex strata.Data Collection/Extraction Methods. Drug use and expenditure information was extracted from the BC PharmaNet, a computer network connecting all pharmacies in the province.Principal Findings. Per capita drug expenditures increased at an average annual rate of 10.8 percent between 1996 and 2002. Population aging explained 1.0 points of this annual rate of expenditure growth; the balance was attributable to rising age/sex‐specific drug expenditures.Conclusions. Relatively little of the observed increase in drug expenditures in BC could be attributed to demographic change. Most of the expenditure increase stemmed from the age/sex‐specific quantity and type of drugs purchased. The sustainability of drug spending therefore depends not on outside forces but on decisions made by policy makers, prescribers, and patients.
The Effect of Rural Hospital Closures on Community Economic Health
Authors: Holmes George M. , Slifkin Rebecca T. , Randolph Randy K. , Poley Stephanie 
Published: January 2006

Objective. To examine the effect of rural hospital closures on the local economy.Data Sources. U.S. Census Bureau, OSCAR, Medicare Cost Reports, and surveys of individuals knowledgeable about local hospital closures.Study Design. Economic data at the county level for 1990–2000 were combined with information on hospital closures. The study sample was restricted to rural counties experiencing a closure during the sample period. Longitudinal regression methods were used to estimate the effect of hospital closure on per‐capita income, unemployment rate, and other community economic measures. Models included both leading and lagged closure terms allowing a preclosure economic downturn as well as time for the closure to be fully realized by the community.Data Collection. Information on closures was collected by contacting every state hospital association, reconciling information gathered with that contained in the American Hospital Association file and OIG reports.Principal Findings. Results indicate that the closure of the sole hospital in the community reduces per‐capita income by $703 (p<0.05) or 4 percent (p<0.05) and increases the unemployment rate by 1.6 percentage points (p<0.01). Closures in communities with alternative sources of hospital care had no long‐term economic impact, although income decreased for 2 years following the closure.Conclusions. The local economic effects of a hospital closure should be considered when regulations that affect hospitals' financial well‐being are designed or changed.
Disparities in Primary Care for Vulnerable Children: The Influence of Multiple Risk Factors
Authors: Stevens Gregory D. , Seid Michael , Mistry Ritesh , Halfon Neal 
Published: January 2006

Objectives.To analyze vulnerability as aprofileof multiple risk factors for poor pediatric care based on race/ethnicity, poverty status, parent education, insurance, and language. Profiles are used to examine disparities in child/adolescent health status and primary care experience.Data Sources.Cross‐sectional data on 19,485 children/adolescents 0–19 years of age from the 2001 California Health Interview Survey.Study Design.Multiple logistic regression models are used to examine risk profiles in relation to health status and three aspects of primary care:access(physician and dental visit; access surety),continuity(regular source of care), andcomprehensiveness(i.e., health promotion counseling).Principal Findings.About 43 percent of (or 4.4 million) children in California have two or more risk factors (RF). Controlling for age and gender, more RFs is associated with poorer health status (i.e. percent reporting “excellent/very good” health: no RFs=81 percent, 1=71 percent, 2=57 percent, 3=45 percent, 4=35 percent, 5=28 percent, allp<.001). Controlling for health status, higher risk profiles is associated with poorer primary care access and continuity, butgreatercomprehensiveness of care. For example, higher risk profile children are less likely to have a regular source of care: one RF (prevalence ratio [PR]=0.92, confidence interval [CI]: 0.86–0.98), two (PR=0.77, CI: 0.69–0.84), three (PR=0.55, CI: 0.46–0.65), and four or more (PR=0.31, CI: 0.22–0.44), allp<.001.Conclusions.This study demonstrates a dose–response relationship of higher risk profiles with poorer child health status, access to, and continuity of primary care. Having gained access, however, adolescents with higher risk profiles are more likely to receive health promotion counseling. Higher profiles appear to be associated with greater barriers to accessing primary care for children in “fair or poor” health, suggesting that vulnerable children who have the greatest health care needs also have the greatest difficulty obtaining primary care.
Ki-67 MIB1 labelling index and the prognosis of primary TaT1 urothelial cell carcinoma of the bladder
Authors: Quintero A , Alvarez-Kindelan J , Luque R J , Gonzalez-Campora R , Requena M J , Montironi R , Lopez-Beltran A 
Published: January 2006

Aims:To evaluate whether ki-67 labelling index (LI) has independent prognostic value for survival of patients with bladder urothelial tumours graded according to the 2004 World Health Organisation classification.Methods:Ki-67 LI was evaluated in 164 cases using the grid counting method. Non-invasive (stage Ta) tumours were: papilloma (n = 5), papillary urothelial neoplasia of low malignant potential (PUNLMP; n = 26), and low (LG; n = 34) or high grade (HG; n = 15) papillary urothelial carcinoma. Early invasive (stage T1) tumours were: LG (n = 58) and HG (n = 26) carcinoma. Statistical analysis included Fisher and χ2tests, and mean comparisons by ANOVA andt test. Univariate and multivariate survival analyses were performed according to the Kaplan–Meier method with log rank test and Cox’s proportional hazard method.Results:Mean ki-67 LI increased from papilloma to PUNLMP, LG, and HG in stage Ta (p<0.0001) and from LG to HG in stage T1 (p = 0.013) tumours. High tumour proliferation (>13%) was related to greater tumour size (p = 0.036), recurrence (p = 0.036), progression (p = 0.035), survival (p = 0.054), and high p53 accumulation (p = 0.015). Ki-67 LI and tumour size were independent predictors of disease free survival (DFS), but only ki-67 LI was related to progression free survival (PFS). Cancer specific overall survival (OS) was related to ki-67 LI, tumour size, and p27kip1 downregulation. Ki-67 LI was the main independent predictor of DFS (p = 0.0005), PFS (p = 0.0162), and cancer specific OS (p = 00195).Conclusion:Tumour proliferation measured by Ki-67 LI is related to tumour recurrence, stage progression, and is an independent predictor of DFS, PFS, and cancer specific OS in TaT1 bladder urothelial cell carcinoma.
Eosinophilia in the upper gastrointestinal tract is not a characteristic feature in cow’s milk sensitive gastro–oesophageal reflux disease. Measurement by two methodologies
Authors: Nielsen R G , Fenger C , Bindslev-Jensen C , Husby S 
Published: January 2006

Background:An association between cow’s milk hypersensitivity (CMH) and gastro–oesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in childhood has been reported in the past decade.Aim:To assess whether biopsies from the upper gastrointestinal tract of children with cow’s milk sensitive GERD have a specific allergic inflammatory pattern, and to compare two different techniques for measuring inflammatory cells in gastrointestinal biopsies.Methods:GERD was diagnosed by means of endoscopy and oesophageal pH monitoring. Hypersensitivity to cow’s milk was determined by an elimination diet and cow’s milk challenge. Allergic inflammatory cells in upper gastrointestinal biopsies were identified by immunohistochemistry and their numbers were assessed by two different methods—counting the number of cells/high power field and using the computerised Cast-Grid system.Results:Cow’s milk sensitive GERD was identified in 10 of 17 children with severe GERD (median age, 7.8 years). Biopsies from children with endoscopic oesophagitis had significantly increased numbers of mast cells and T cells. No differences in the number of eosinophils, mast cells, or T cells were found between children with CMH and those with primary GERD. Several differences were found between the two different histological quantification methods.Conclusions:CMH was found not only in infants but also in school age children with GERD. Histology did not identify the cow’s milk sensitive GERD subgroup. The computerised histological method provides a more complete evaluation based upon total biopsy area, and helped to limit the bias of uneven biopsy size.
Seasonal variation in mortality from myocardial infarction and haemopericardium. A postmortem study
Authors: Biedrzycki O , Baithun S 
Published: January 2006

Background:Seasonal variation in the incidence of and mortality from myocardial infarction (MI) has been well recognised for many years. Haemopericardium (HP) is usually a fatal complication of MI. No data exist in the literature with regard to the seasonal variation in mortality from HP.Aims:To perform a necropsy based study to confirm seasonal variation in mortality from MI in a London population and to determine whether seasonal variation in mortality from HP can be established.Methods:Postmortem causes of death issued by several pathologists, working in two public London mortuaries over a five year period from 1999 to 2004 were analysed. Deaths caused by HP secondary to traumatic or iatrogenic causes were specifically excluded, as were deaths caused by HP secondary to bicuspid aortic valve and aortic dissection. The results were subdivided into winter (1 November to 31 March) and summer (1 April to 31 October).Results:In total, there were 2266 cases of MI and 135 cases of HP. Significantly more deaths from HP (83 of 135; 61.5%; p = 0.004) and MI (1051 of 2266; 46.4%; p = 0.016) occurred in the five month winter period. Furthermore, there was a significantly higher incidence of HP compared with MI during the winter (83/1051; 7.9%) than the summer (52/1215; 4.3%; p<0.001). There was no significant difference in the age or sex of patients dying in either the winter or summer.Conclusion:There is seasonal variation in mortality from both MI and HP in the London population, as confirmed by a postmortem study.