bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Histology and ultrastructure of Aedes albopictus larval midgut infected with Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis
Authors: Silva Vanderlei C. , Pinheiro Nadja L. , Scherer Paulo O. , Falcão Simone S. , Ribeiro Vinicius R. , Mendes Rosa Maria M. , Chagas Rodrigo , Cardozo‐De‐Almeida Margareth , Dos Santos‐Mallet Jacenir Reis 
Published: August 2008

AbstractHistological and ultrastrucutural alterations in the midgut of Aedes albopictus larvae infected with Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (Bti) were observed by light and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Two formulations of Bti were used: granulated and powder, with 0.2% active ingredient in 90 larvae of Ae. albopictus distributed in three containers containing 30 larvae each (one control group and two test groups). The midgut epithelium of the control group presented flattened and elongated cells with mace‐shape with a narrow base. Midgut epithelium cells' surface was convex and had a large circular nucleus located in the median‐apical portion of the cell. These cells also presented a basal lamina with a small accumulation of extracellular fibrous matrix, thus characterizing a basal membrane, with a muscle layer and a peritoneal membrane more externally. After Bti ingestion, the larvae stopped/slowed their natural movements down in 5 min. After 30 min approximately, the swimming movements stopped completely. Internally, the intestinal cells showed a disorganization of the basal processes, dilatation and fragmentation of the rough endoplasmic reticulum, with intense cytoplasmic vacuolization. There were concentric dense laminas accumulated in the cytoplasm, and these residual membranous bodies were seen greatly increased in size after 60 min. Mitochondria, fragments of rough endoplasmic reticulum and other remainder organelles were surrounded and segregated from the cytoplasm by exocytosis. This article reports the histopathological alterations in the midgut of Ae. albopictus after infection with Bti and contributes to a better understanding of the mode of action of this bacterial strain used as bioinsecticide against mosquito larvae. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Development and spatial organization of the air conduits in the lung of the domestic fowl, Gallus gallus variant domesticus
Authors: Makanya A.N. , Djonov V. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractWe employed macroscopic and ultrastructural techniques as well as intratracheal casting methods to investigate the pattern of development, categories, and arrangement of the air conduits in the chicken lung. The secondary bronchi included four medioventral (MVSB), 7–10 laterodorsal (LDSB), 1–3 lateroventral (LVSB), several sacobronchi, and 20–60 posterior secondary bronchi (POSB). The latter category has not been described before and is best discerned from the internal aspect of the mesobronchus. The secondary bronchi emerged directly from the mesobronchus, except for the sacobronchi, which sprouted from the air sacs. Parabronchi from the first MVSB coursed craniodorsally and inosculated their cognates from the first two LDSB. The parabronchi from the rest of the LDSB curved dorsomedially to join those from the rest of the MVSB at the dorsal border. Sprouting, migration, and anastomoses of the paleopulmonic parabronchi resulted in two groups of these air conduits; a cranial group oriented rostrocaudally and a dorsal group oriented dorsoventrally. The neopulmonic parabronchial network formed through profuse branching and anastomoses and occupied the ventrocaudal quarter of the lung. There were no differences in the number of secondary bronchi between the left and right lungs. Notably, a combination of several visualization techniques is requisite to adequately identify and enumerate all the categories of secondary bronchi present. The 3D arrangement of the air conduits ensures a sophisticated system, suitable for efficient gas exchange. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Allergenic compounds on the inner and outer surfaces of natural latex gloves: MALDI mass spectrometry and imaging of proteinous allergens
Authors: Marchetti‐Deschmann Martina , Allmaier Günter 
Published: August 2008

AbstractNatural latex gloves are the cause of a severe health problem to an increasing number of healthcare workers or patients due to the presence of protein allergens as Hevein or Rubber Elongation Factor (REF). One of the most challenging problems is the in situ localization of theses allergens in, e.g. gloves, to estimate the allergenic potential of the latex material. A sample preparation protocol applying a binary matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization(MALDI) matrix containing α‐cyano‐4‐hydroxy cinnamic acid (CHCA) and 2,5‐dihydroxy benzoic acid (DHB) on trifluoro acetic acid (TFA) etched latex glove surfaces allowed the direct determination (exact molecular weight) of Hevein, REF and a truncated form of REF (tREF) within nine different brands of natural latex gloves by means of MALDI‐TOF‐MS in the linear mode. MALDI mass spectrometry demonstrated that Hevein, tREF and REF were present on the inner surfaces (in direct contact with the skin) of many, but not all, investigated gloves without any prior extraction procedure. Additionally, different isoforms of the allergen Hevein were detected (exhibiting ragged C‐termini). tREF and REF could always be detected beside each other, but were not observed on every latex glove sample, which contained Hevein. It was also demonstrated that there is a significant difference in terms of proteins and polymers between inner and outer surfaces of gloves, which helps to explain the different allergenic potential of these.MALDI imaging allowed for the first time the unambiguous localization of all three allergens in parallel and showed that Hevein was present on 36% of the investigated area of a latex glove with a certain localization, whereupon, tREF and REF were only found on 25% of the investigated material. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mass spectrometry in biodefense
Authors: Demirev Plamen A. , Fenselau Catherine 
Published: August 2008

AbstractPotential agents for biological attacks include both microorganisms and toxins. In mass spectrometry (MS), rapid identification of potential bioagents is achieved by detecting the masses of unique biomarkers, correlated to each agent. Currently, proteins are the most reliable biomarkers for detection and characterization of both microorganisms and toxins, and MS‐based proteomics is particularly well suited for biodefense applications. Confident identification of an organism can be achieved by top‐down proteomics following identification of individual protein biomarkers from their tandem mass spectra. In bottom‐up proteomics, rapid digestion of intact protein biomarkers is again followed by MS/MS to provide unambiguous bioagent identification and characterization. Bioinformatics obviates the need for culturing and rigorous control of experimental variables to create and use MS fingerprint libraries for various classes of bioweapons. For specific applications, MS methods, instruments and algorithms have also been developed for identification based on biomarkers other than proteins and peptides. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Genetic diversity of norovirus, sapovirus, and astrovirus isolated from children hospitalized with acute gastroenteritis in Chiang Mai, Thailand
Authors: Malasao Rungnapa , Maneekarn Niwat , Khamrin Pattara , Pantip Chansom , Tonusin Supin , Ushijima Hiroshi , Peerakome Supatra 
Published: August 2008

AbstractNorovirus (NV), sapovirus (SV), and human astrovirus (HAstV) are important causes of acute gastroenteritis in infants and young children. This study investigated the prevalence of NV, SV, and HAstV infections in children hospitalized with acute gastroenteritis in Chiang Mai, Thailand from May 2000 to March 2002. Fecal specimens were tested for NV, SV, and HAstV by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) using degenerate specific primers. These viruses were characterized further by sequence and phylogenetic analyses of the partial capsid gene. From 296 fecal specimens tested, 13.5% (40 of 296) were positive for NV, SV, and HAstV. Of these, NV most predominant, with a prevalence of 60% (24 of 40), of which 17.5% were NVGI and 42.5% were NVGII. Of note, one specimen was positive for both NVGI and SV. SV was detected in 25%, while HAstV was detected in 17.5%. Analysis of nucleotide and amino acid sequences revealed that NVGI strains comprised GI/3, GI/4, GI/6, GI/7, and GI/13 genotypes. Among NVGII strains, approximately half of them belonged to genotype GII/4 (Lordsdale virus cluster), followed by GII/3, GII/10, GII/1, GII/6, GII/8, and GII/15. Analysis of SV sequences revealed that SVGI (Manchester virus) was more common than SVGII (London virus). The SV genotypes detected in this study belonged to SVGI/1, SVGI/4, SVGI/5, SVGII/1, and SVGII/2, whereas the HAstV belonged to genotypes HAstV‐1, HAstV‐2, HAstV‐3, and HAstV‐5. The findings suggest that NV, SV, and HAstV are important enteric viruses cocirculating among hospitalized children in Chiang Mai, Thailand. J. Med. Virol. 80:1749–1755, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Immune suppression leading to hepatitis C virus re‐emergence after sustained virological response
Authors: Lin Amy , Thadareddy Anupama , Goldstein Michael J. , Lake‐Bakaar Gerond 
Published: August 2008

AbstractSustained virological response SVR is defined as undetectable HCV RNA in plasma 6 months after therapy has been discontinued. Relapse or re‐emergence of viremia after SVR is rare. We report two patients that relapsed when immune suppressive therapy was given within a few weeks of achieving SVR. Patient 1 received prednisone for bronchitis and patient 2 relapsed soon after immune suppression was started post renal transplantation. These data suggest that the early phase of SVR might be associated with incomplete protective immunity. They suggest that sterilizing immunity with complete elimination of virus is unlikely. The cases also caution against the use of immune suppressive therapy in the immediate aftermath of SVR. J. Med. Virol. 80:1720–1722, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Seroprevalence of human T‐lymphotropic virus type 1 and 2 in Korean blood donors
Authors: Kwon So‐Yong , Lim A Hyun , Park Ji Young , Han Seung Hee , Cho Nam‐Sun 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe seroprevalence rate of human T‐lymphotropic virus (HTLV) among the Korean blood donor population was studied to determine whether screening for HTLV should be implemented. A total of 15,173 serum samples collected from June to July 2006 at five Blood Centers which are located closely to Japan geographically, where the prevalence of HTLV is known to be high, were tested. Serological screening was done by a chemiluminescence method. Samples reactive repeatedly on serological screening were confirmed further by Western blot, line immunoassay, nested polymerase chain reaction and sequencing of proviral DNA. Six samples tested reactive with the serological assay showing a reactive rate of 0.004%. Among the six samples, one sample was confirmed as HTLV‐1 positive, giving a confirmed reactive rate of 0.007%. Based on the results of this study, an extended study will be conducted to evaluate whether introduction of HTLV screening is necessary in Korea. J. Med. Virol. 80:1864–1867, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evidence of intrafamilial transmission of rotavirus in a birth cohort in South India
Authors: Banerjee Indrani , Primrose Gladstone Beryl , Iturriza‐Gomara Miren , Gray James J. , Brown David W. , Kang Gagandeep 
Published: August 2008

AbstractTransmission of rotavirus infection was studied in a birth cohort of children based in an urban slum in Vellore and their familial contacts. Contemporaneous samples from index patients and their familial contacts were collected for analysis in three different settings. Firstly, samples were collected from familial contacts during a period of rotavirus infection in children from the cohort. Secondly, on occasions when a family member had rotavirus diarrhea, samples from the cohort child were taken for analysis. Lastly, asymptomatic surveillance samples collected at predetermined time points from both the cohort child and familial contacts were analyzed. From 560 samples collected from family members during symptomatic and asymptomatic rotavirus infections in these children, three rotavirus transmissions were identified, accounting for a secondary attack rate of 0.54%. In four instances of rotavirus diarrhea in a family member, one infection was transmitted to the cohort child. Nucleotide sequence and phylogenetic analysis demonstrated a high degree of similarity in all these pairs ranging between 99% and 100% at both the nucleotide and the deduced amino acid levels, highly suggestive of person‐to‐person transmission of rotavirus infection. There was complete concordance of rotavirus genotyping between these pairs. No transmission events were noted from 14 asymptomatic rotavirus infections identified during routine surveillance of family members. This study is the first to use phylogenetic analysis to study the intrafamilial spread of rotavirus infection. J. Med. Virol. 80:1858–1863, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
First report on fatal myocarditis associated with adenovirus infection in Cuba
Authors: Valdés Odalys , Acosta Belsy , Piñón Alexander , Savón Clara , Goyenechea Angel , Gonzalez Grehete , Gonzalez Guelsys , Palerm Lidice , Sarmiento Luis , Pedro Mas Lago , Martínez Pedro A. , Rosario Delfina , Kourí Vivian , Guzmán María Guadalupe , Llop Alina , Casas Inmaculada , Perez Breña Ma. Pilar 
Published: August 2008

AbstractMyocarditis is caused frequently by viral infections of the myocardium. In the past, enteroviruses (EV) were considered the most common cause of myocarditis in all age groups. Other viruses that cause myocarditis are adenovirus and influenza viruses. Parvovirus B19 infection is associated sometimes with myocarditis. Members of the Herpesviridae family, cytomegalovirus (CMV), and human herpesvirus 6 (HHV‐6) have been associated occasionally with myocarditis. During an atypical outbreak of acute febrile syndrome, eight children, with ages from 5 months to 15 years, died in cardiogenic shock due to myocarditis in July–August 2005, in the city of Havana, Cuba. Nested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR) and nested reverse transcription‐PCR (nRT‐PCR) were carried out on fresh heart muscle and lung tissue to analyze the genomic sequences of adenovirus, CMV, HHV‐6, herpes simplex virus, Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), varizella zoster virus, influenza virus A, B, C, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) A and B, parainfluenza viruses, rhinoviruses, coronavirus, flaviruses and enteroviruses. Evidence was for the presence of the adenovirus genome in 6 (75%) of the children. Phylogenetic analyses of a conserved hexon gene fragment in four cases showed serotype 5 as the causal agent. No others viruses were detected. Histological examination was undertaken to detect myocardial inflammation. After exclusion of other possible causes of death, the results indicated that viral myocarditis was the cause of death in patients with adenovirus infection. J. Med. Virol. 80:1756–1761, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Case Report: Persistent cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection after haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation using in vivo alemtuzumab: emergence of resistant CMV due to mutations in the UL97 and UL54 genes
Authors: Oshima Kumi , Kanda Yoshinobu , Kako Shinichi , Asano‐Mori1 Yuki , Watanabe Takuro , Motokura Toru , Chiba Shigeru , Shiraki Kimiyasu , Kurokawa Mineo 
Published: August 2008

AbstractAddition of in vivo alemtuzumab to the conditioning regimen enabled 2‐ or 3‐locus‐mismatched hematopoietic stem cell transplantation with an acceptable incidence of graft‐versus‐host‐disease. However, the procedure was associated with a high incidence of cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation. Although preemptive therapy with ganciclovir prevented successfully severe CMV diseases and CMV‐related mortality, a patient developed persistent positive CMV antigenemia for more than 1 year after transplantation and CMV disease, despite the use of ganciclovir and foscarnet. The in vitro susceptibility assay showed that the clinical isolate was resistant to foscarnet, moderately resistant to ganciclovir, but sensitive to cidofovir. Therefore, cidofovir was administered. CMV antigenemia became negative within 2 weeks and never developed again. Nucleotide sequence of the UL54 and UL97 of the clinical isolate showed 4 amino acid substitutions (V11L, Q578H, S655L, and G874R) in UL54 and 2 mutations (A140V and A594V) in UL97 compared with the Towne and AD169 strains. Ganciclovir resistance was suspected to be caused by both A594V of UL97 and Q578H of UL54, whereas foscarnet resistance was due mainly to Q578H of UL54. In conclusion, the in vitro susceptibility assay as well as nucleotide sequence of clinical isolate is important to choose appropriate antiviral agents for patients who have persistent CMV reactivation after stem cell transplantation. J. Med. Virol. 80:1769–1775, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Biologic diversity of polyomavirus BK genomic sequences: Implications for molecular diagnostic laboratories
Authors: Luo C. , Bueno M. , Kant J. , Randhawa P. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractData on polyomavirus genomic diversity has greatly expanded in the past few years. The implications of viral DNA sequence variation on the performance of molecular diagnostic assays have not been systematically examined. 716 BK, 1626 JC, and 73 SV40 virus sequences available in GenBank were aligned using Clustal‐X. Five different published BKV PCR assays currently in use at major medical centers were evaluated for primer and probe mismatches with available GenBank sequences. Coverage of naturally occurring BKV strains varied amongst different assay methods. Targeted viral sequences showed major mismatch with primer or probe sequence in up to 30.7% of known BKV strains. BKV subtypes IVa, IVb, and IVc were more prone to this problem, reflecting common use of Type I Dun sequence for assay design. Despite the known polymorphism of this gene, 484 VP‐1 sequences with conserved areas potentially suitable for PCR assay design are available. Assay targets in the Large T‐antigen and agnogene are less subject to genetic variation, but sequence information corresponding to the latter two genes is available only for 164 and 174 published strains, respectively. Cross reactivity of appropriately selected BKV primers with JCV and SV40 sequences available in current databases was not a significant problem. J. Med. Virol. 80:1850–1857, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Brief Report: acute viral hepatitis and poor maternal and perinatal outcomes in pregnant Sudanese women
Authors: Ahmed Rihab E. , Karsany Mubarak S. , Adam Ishag 
Published: August 2008

AbstractSixteen pregnant women presented at the three main hospitals in Khartoum province, Sudan during the period of March–September 2007 with features of acute viral hepatitis. Their mean (SD) gestational age was 28.0(6.7) weeks. The etiology of acute viral hepatitis was hepatitis B virus in five women (31.3%), hepatitis C virus in one woman (6.3%), hepatitis E virus in eight women (50%), and hepatitis non‐A‐to‐E virus in two women (12.5%). There were four (25%) maternal deaths and three (18.7%) intrauterine fetal deaths. Three of these maternal deaths were due to hepatitis E virus and the fourth was due to hepatitis B virus. J. Med. Virol. 80:1747–1748, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Complete genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of HCV isolates from China reveals a new subtype, designated 6u
Authors: Xia Xueshan , Zhao Wenhua , Tee Kok Keng , Feng Yue , Takebe Yutaka , Li Qihan , Pybus Oliver G. , Lu Ling 
Published: August 2008

AbstractFull length genome sequences were characterized for three novel hepatitis C virus (HCV) isolates (here named DH012, DH014, and DH028). The complete genomes were all isolated from injecting drug users (IDUs) who were co‐infected with HIV‐1 and lived in Dehong prefecture, Yunnan Province, China, which neighbors Myanmar. The three genomes are 9,443–9,470 nt in length and each contains a single open reading frame (ORF) of 9,069 nt long. Pairwise comparisons indicated nucleotide similarities of 97.9–98.6% among the three isolates, and similarities of 72.4–75.0% between the three isolates and 20 reference strains (representing HCV subtypes 6a–6q and 6t plus two unassigned genotype 6 isolates km41 and gz52557). Phylogenetic analyses demostrated that the three isolates formed a tight and well‐supported monophyletic cluster in the genotype 6 clade. No evidence of viral recombination was found using similarity plots and bootscanning analyses. Based on the current HCV classification criteria, we have assigned the three isolates to a new subtype, 6u. Although another “6u” isolate D83 has been reported very recently, it is subtypically distinct from the three isolates we described here. Because its designation does not meet the criteria described in the updated HCV nomenclature proposal, this “6u” isolate should be reclassified. J. Med. Virol. 80:1740–1746, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Multiple outbreaks of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis due to a variant of coxsackievirus A24: Guangdong, China, 2007
Authors: Wu De , Ke Chang‐Wen , Mo Yan‐Ling , Sun Li‐Mei , Li Hui , Chen Qiu‐Xia , Zou Li‐Rong , Fang Ling , Huang Ping , Zhen Huan‐ying 
Published: August 2008

AbstractAcute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (AHC) is usually caused by enterovirus 70, coxsackievirus A24(CA24v) and adenoviruses. Several outbreaks of AHC caused by a CA24v have occurred since it was imported into China in 1971. Multiple outbreaks of AHC reappeared in 10 cities of Guangdong during June to November in 2007. The epidemic began in the June, and spread extensively, with a peak in the September. A total of 31,659 cases were reported to center for disease control and prevention of Guangdong, it was estimated that the number of actual AHC was >200 thousands. Forty conjunctival swab specimens were collected from the cases diagnosed clinically with AHC. (RT)‐PCR testing on these conjunctival specimens revealed the presence of an enterovirus, and this was confirmed by 16 isolates. We demonstrated the most likely etiological agent for the multiple outbreaks was a variant of coxsackievirus A24 by molecular typing using a partial VP1 sequence. Sequence comparison and phylogenetic analyses of the VP1 and 3Cpro gene regions were performed by Neighbor‐joining method, the strains from different outbreaks and different geographical areas within Guangdong had no sequence divergence in 2007. The representative isolates from mainland of China including Hangzhou, Ningbo, Beijing, Yunnan, Liaoning, and Henan were analyzed in this study. Phylogenetic analysis revealed theses isolates were located in different clusters, a close phylogenetic and chronological relationship with Singaporean, South Korean and Thailand isolates had been observed. This confirms CA24v circulated in China's mainland has not evolved independently, but co‐evolved with the isolates of Southeast Asia. J. Med. Virol. 80:1762–1768, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.