bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In vitro Digestibility of Hydroxypropylated and Cross‐linked Waxy and Non‐waxy Rice Starches
Authors: Hwang Duck‐Ki , Kim Sung‐Woo , Kim Ji‐Hye , Ryu Je‐Hoon , Yoo Sang‐Ho , Park Cheon‐Seok , Kim Byung‐Yong , Baik Moo‐Yeol 
Published: December 2008

AbstractIn vitro digestibility of hydroxypropylated and cross‐linked waxy and non‐waxy rice starches was investigated to find the proper resistant starch (RS) assaying method for chemically modified starches. RS and total dietary fiber (TDF) content of hydroxypropylated and cross‐linked waxy and non‐waxy rice starches were measured using the approved AOAC RS assay procedure (AOAC method 2002.02) and the AOAC TDF assay procedure (AOAC method 985.29). Hydroxypropylation did not alter the RS content of waxy and non‐waxy rice starches (less than 1% of RS). Cross‐linking also did not change the RS content of waxy and non‐waxy rice starches (less than 1% of RS). It is interesting to note that non‐RS content decreased with increasing hydroxypropylation (97‐80%) and cross‐linking (99‐95%) in both waxy and non‐waxy rice starches. This indicates that some fraction of RS in hydroxypropylated and cross‐linked waxy and non‐waxy rice starches cannot be measured using approved AOAC RS and TDF assay procedures. Therefore, the RS and TDF assay procedures performed in this study are not appropriate to determine the RS content of chemically modified starch. Further investigation is needed to develop a method to determine the RS content of chemically modified starch.
Intra‐ and intermolecular amidation of CC unsaturated bonds through palladium‐catalyzed reactions of carbamoyl derivatives
Authors: Yasui Yoshizumi , Takemoto Yoshiji 
Published: December 2008

AbstractToward concise access to functionalized amides and lactams, palladium‐catalyzed amidations of alkynes and alkenes with formamide derivatives were developed. Cyanoformamides having an alkynyl group were found to undergo intermolecular cyanoamidation in the presence of palladium catalyst to afford α‐alkylidene lactams. Whereas, when cyanoformamides that possess a 1,1‐disubstituted alkenyl group were used as starting materials, α,α‐disubstituted lactams were obtained. The latter reaction was extended to enantioselective transformation by utilizing optically active phosphoramidites as ligand. Furthermore, chloroformamides having a 1,1,2‐trisubsituted alkenyl group were found to give α‐vinyl‐lactams in the presence of palladium catalyst, base and silver salt. Additionally, formal intermolecular hydroamidation of alkenes was performed through one‐pot hydroboration‐carbamoylation sequence. © 2008 The Japan Chemical Journal Forum and Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Chem Rec 8: 386–394; 2008: Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com) DOI 10.1002/tcr.20159
From cellulosomes to cellulosomics
Authors: Bayer Edward A. , Lamed Raphael , White Bryan A. , Flint Harry J. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractCellulosomes are intricate multienzyme systems produced by several cellulolytic bacteria, the first example of which was discovered in the anaerobic thermophilic bacterium, Clostridium thermocellum. Cellulosomes are designed for efficient degradation of plant cell wall polysaccharides, notably cellulose—the most abundant renewable polymer on earth. The component parts of the multicomponent complex are integrated by virtue of a unique family of integrating modules, the cohesins and the dockerins, whose distribution and specificity dictate the overall cellulosome architecture. A full generation of research has elapsed since the original publications that documented the cellulosome concept. In this review, we provide a personal account on the discovery process, while describing how divergent cellulosome systems were identified and investigated, culminating in the collaboration of several labs worldwide to tackle together the challenging field of cellulosome genomics and metagenomics. © 2008 The Japan Chemical Journal Forum and Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Chem Rec 8: 364–377; 2008: Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com) DOI 10.1002/tcr.20160
Selective organic synthesis through generation and reactivity control of hyper‐coordinate metal species
Authors: Hiyama Tamejiro 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThis paper is a review of my 40 years of research at Kyoto, Sagamihara, and Yokohama, all based on the generation of hyper‐coordinate metal species such as ate complexes and pentacoordinate silicates. The topics are: (i) carbenoid reagents for carbon–carbon bond‐forming reactions, (ii) nucleophilic substitution at acetal carbons using aluminate reagents, (iii) preparation of magnesium enolates and its reaction with nitriles, (iv) Cr(II) reagents for reduction of organic halides and highly selective carbon–carbon bond formation, (v) organic synthesis with organosilion reagents/fluoride ions, (vi) cross‐coupling reaction of organosilicon compounds, and (vii) silicon‐based conjugate addition to α,β‐unsaturated carbonyl acceptors. © 2008 The Japan Chemical Journal Forum and Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Chem Rec 8: 337–350; 2008: Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com) DOI 10.1002/tcr.20162
Helical polyacetylene—Origins and synthesis
Authors: Akagi Kazuo , Mori Taizo 
Published: December 2008

AbstractWe present the origins and synthesis of helical polyacetylene (H‐PA) by focusing on its peculiar spiral morphology. Interfacial polymerization of acetylene was carried out in an asymmetric reaction field consisting of chiral nematic liquid crystal (N*‐LC) and Ziegler–Natta catalyst. As the N*‐LC is composed of nematic liquid crystal and a chiral compound such as a binaphthyl derivative with either the R‐ or S‐configuration, the screw directions of the polyacetylene chain and fibril bundle—and even the spiral morphology—are rigorously controlled by the chirality of the selected compound. Interestingly, the screw directions of the fibril and the bundle in H‐PA were found to be opposite to that of N*‐LC. It is worthwhile to emphasize that the hierarchical spiral morphology involving the primary to higher order structure is generated in a synthetic polymer such as polyacetylene by using N*‐LC as an asymmetric polymerization solvent. © 2008 The Japan Chemical Journal Forum and Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Chem Rec 8: 395–406; 2008: Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com) DOI 10.1002/tcr.20163
Metabolism of tetrahydrobiopterin: Its relevance in monoaminergic neurons and neurological disorders
Authors: Ichinose Hiroshi , Nomura Takahide , Sumi‐Ichinose Chiho 
Published: December 2008

Abstract(6R)‐L‐erythro‐5,6,7,8‐tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) is an essential cofactor for aromatic amino acid hydroxylases, such as phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH), tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), tryptophan hydroxylase, and nitric oxide synthase, which catalyze physiologically important reactions in mammals. The biosynthesis and metabolism of BH4 is usually studied mostly in the liver and only slightly in the brain, as the BH4 level in the liver is relatively high because BH4 is required for the reaction of PAH. We found that GTP (guanosine triphosphate) cyclohydrolase I, an enzyme for the biosynthesis of BH4, is a causative gene for DOPA (3,4‐dihydroxyphenylalanine)‐responsive dystonia (also called Segawa's disease), and that partial deficiency of BH4 leads to the dysfunction of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons without hyperphenylalaninemia. We analyzed BH4‐deficient mice that were produced by disruption of a BH4‐synthesizing gene by a gene‐knockout technique. We found that the protein amount of TH was highly dependent on the amount of BH4, especially in nerve terminals. Our research suggests that BH4 metabolism in the brain should be different from that in the liver, and that altered metabolism of BH4 should lead to neuropsychiatric disorders including Parkinson's disease. © 2008 The Japan Chemical Journal Forum and Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Chem Rec 8: 378–385; 2008: Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com) DOI 10.1002/tcr.20166
Prenatal prediction of neonatal morbidity in survivors with congenital diaphragmatic hernia: a multicenter study
Authors: Jani J. C. , Benachi A. , Nicolaides K. H. , Allegaert K. , Gratacós E. , Mazkereth R. , Matis J. , Tibboel D. , Van Heijst A. , Storme L. , Rousseau V. , Greenough A. , Deprest J. A. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractObjectivesTo investigate the value of the observed to expected fetal lung area to head circumference ratio (o/e LHR) and liver position in the prediction of neonatal morbidity in survivors with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH).MethodsNeonatal morbidity was recorded in 100 consecutive cases with isolated CDH diagnosed in fetal medicine units, which were expectantly managed in the prenatal period, were delivered after 30 weeks and survived until discharge from hospital. Regression analysis was used to identify the significant predictors of morbidity, including prenatal and immediate neonatal findings.ResultsThe o/e LHR provided significant prediction of the need for prosthetic patch repair, duration of assisted ventilation, need for supplemental oxygen at 28 days, and incidence of feeding problems. An additional independent prenatal predictor of the need for patch repair was the presence of fetal liver in the chest.ConclusionsIn isolated CDH the prenatally assessed size of the contralateral lung is a significant predictor of the need for prosthetic patch repair, the functional consequences of impaired lung development and occurrence of feeding problems. Copyright © 2008 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
DFT Calculations of the Molecular Force Field of Vanadyl Nitrate, VO(NO3)3
Authors: Brandán S. A. , Socolsky C. , Altabef Aida Ben 
Published: December 2008

AbstractA structural and vibrational theoretical study for vanadyl nitrate was carried out. The Density Functional Theory (DFT) has been used to study vibrational properties. The structures were fully optimized at the B3LYP/6‐31G*, B3LYP/6‐311G*, and B3LYP/6‐311+G* levels of theory and the harmonic vibrational frequencies were evaluated at the same level. The calculated harmonic vibrational frequencies for vanadyl nitrate are consistent with their experimental IR and Raman spectra in gas and liquid phases. Through these calculations a precise knowledge of the normal modes of vibration was obtained, considering the coordination mode adopted by the nitrate group in the mirror plane as monodentate and bidentate. A total assignment of the observed bands in the vibrational spectra for vanadyl nitrate is proposed in this work. The nature of the V–O and V ← O bonds in the compound was systematically and quantitatively investigated by means of the Natural Bond Order (NBO) analysis. The topological properties of the electronic charge density were analyzed employing Bader's Atoms in Molecules theory (AIM).
The phenotypic spectrum of paediatric neurotransmitter diseases and infantile parkinsonism
Authors: Pons R. 
Published: December 2008

SummaryPaediatric neurotransmitter diseases are a group of inherited disorders attributable to a disturbance of neurotransmitter metabolism. The monoamines, catecholamines and serotonin, also called biogenic amines, are neurotransmitters with multiple roles including psychomotor function, hormone secretion, cardiovascular, respiratory and gastrointestinal control, sleep mechanisms, body temperature and pain. Given the multiple functions of monoamines, disorders of their metabolism comprise a wide spectrum of manifestations, with motor dysfunction being the most prominent clinical feature. The severity of the clinical manifestations ranges from mild to severe. Patients with severe and intermediate phenotypes may present with infantile parkinsonism that differs in a number of aspects from the parkinsonism in nigrostriatal degeneration. Analysis of monoamine metabolites and pterins in spinal fluid assists in the diagnosis of these disorders. Treatment options include tetrahydrobiopterin supplementation, l‐dopa, 5‐hydroxytryptophan, and medications that potentiate monoamine transmission. Response to treatment is variable.
A novel mutation in NDUFS4 causes Leigh syndrome in an Ashkenazi Jewish family
Authors: Anderson S. L. , Chung W. K. , Frezzo J. , Papp J. C. , Ekstein J. , DiMauro S. , Rubin B. Y. 
Published: December 2008

SummaryLeigh syndrome is a neurodegenerative disorder of infancy or childhood generally due to mutations in nuclear or mitochondrial genes involved in mitochondrial energy metabolism. We performed linkage analysis in an Ashkenazi Jewish (AJ) family without consanguinity with three affected children. Linkage to microsatellite markers D5S1969 and D5S407 led to evaluation of the complex I gene NDUFS4, in which we identified a novel homozygous c.462delA mutation that disrupts the reading frame. The resulting protein lacks a cAMP‐dependent protein kinase phosphorylation site required for activation of mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I. In a random sample of 5000 healthy AJ individuals, the carrier frequency of the NDUFS4 mutation c.462delA was 1 in 1000, suggesting that it should be considered in all AJ patients with Leigh syndrome.
Iron bioavailability of cocoa powder as determined by the Hb regeneration efficiency method
Authors: Yokoi Katsuhiko , Konomi Aki , Otagi Miki 
Published: December 2008

Fe deficiency is a public-health problem worldwide, and effective measures for preventing Fe deficiency are needed. The aim of the present study was to determine the bioavailability of Fe in cocoa using the Hb regeneration efficiency (HRE) method. Thirty-five F344/N male weanling rats were fed a low-Fe diet for 4 weeks to deplete body Fe stores. Then, four groups of seven animals each were repleted for 20 d using a modified AIN-93G diet fortified with ferrous sulphate, ferric citrate or two brands of cocoa powder to provide a total dietary Fe concentration of 20 mg/kg. As a negative control, seven rats were maintained on the low-Fe diet. The HRE were 0·733, 0·350, 0·357 and 0·336 for ferrous sulphate, ferric citrate and the two brands of cocoa powder, respectively. The relative biological values (RBV), defined as the ratio of the sample HRE to that of ferrous sulphate, were 0·478, 0·488 and 0·459 for ferric citrate and the two brands of cocoa powder, respectively. The Fe bioavailability of cocoa was significantly less than that of ferrous sulphate and was similar to that of ferric citrate. The difference in Fe bioavailability between the two brands of cocoa powder was negligible. When the negative control was used to correct the data, estimates of the RBV derived from Hb gain were similar to those derived from the HRE. These results suggest that cocoa is a significant source of moderately bioavailable Fe.
Lichen sclerosis et atrophicus masquerading as tonsillar squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Ajayi O , Stephens J C , Karim S , Daly N 
Published: December 2008

AbstractObjective:We report a case of a 70-year-old man of Asian origin with lichen sclerosus et atrophicus affecting the tonsil, which presented as a painful, enlarging, exophytic lesion mimicking squamous cell carcinoma.Method:We present a case report and a review of the world literature regarding lichen sclerosus et atrophicus.Results:Lichen sclerosus is a chronic, benign, inflammatory dermatosis of the skin and mucous membranes which mostly affects the female genitalia, presenting as white plaques with epidermal atrophy. The cause is unknown, although a number of aetiologies have been proposed. The prevalence is unknown. Women have been reported to be affected six to 10 times more than men, and the condition has no known racial preference.Conclusion:Our patient illustrates a rare case of the condition lichen sclerosus et atrophicus; to our knowledge, this case represents the first report of tonsillar involvement of the condition. The case presented a diagnostic challenge.
‘Lazy’ Natives, Coolie Labour, and the Assam Tea Industry
Authors: SHARMA JAYEETA 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThis paper considers the creation of a ‘coolie’ work-force for the Assam tea industry and the local dimensions of tea plantation enterprise. While the industry has flourished through its use of migrant labour and export markets for tea, it has retained important connections with the locality. The Assam tea industry was a predominantly colonial enterprise manned by white British planters. It allowed participation, albeit in subordinate and dependent roles, by local peasants and gentry, though mainly based on the labour of migrant ‘coolies’ recruited on indentured contracts. The prominence of ‘imported’ coolie workers has obscured the significance of various local groups as well as the tea industry's importance in the local ‘imagination’. Despite the gradual development of nationalist antagonism towards the white ‘Planters' Raj’, tea enterprise retained a hallowed place for the Assamese middle classes, as tea workers continued as a racialized labouring class.
A comparison of hepatitis B seroepidemiology in ten European countries
Authors: NARDONE A. , ANASTASSOPOULOU C. G. , THEETEN H. , KRIZ B. , DAVIDKIN I. , THIERFELDER W. , O'FLANAGAN D. , BRUZZONE B. , MOSSONG J. , BOOT H. J. , BUTUR D. , SLAČIKOVÁ M. , PANAIT M. L. C. , HELLENBRAND W. , DE MELKER H. , SOBOTOVÁ Z. , ICARDI G. , ANDREWS N. , PEBODY R. G. , VAN DAMME P. , KAFATOS G. , MILLER E. , HATZAKIS A. 
Published: December 2008

SUMMARYTo inform current and future vaccination strategies, we describe the seroepidemiology of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in ten representative European countries using standardized serology that allowed international comparisons. Between 1996 and 2003, national serum banks were compiled by collecting residual sera or by community sampling; sera were then tested by each country using its preferred enzyme immunoassays and testing algorithm, and assay results were standardized. Information on current and past HBV vaccination programmes in each country was also collected. Of the ten countries, six reported low levels (<3%) of antibodies against HBV core antigen (anti-HBc). Of the eight countries testing for HBV surface antigen (HBsAg), the highest prevalence was reported in Romania (5·6%) and in the remaining seven countries prevalence was <1%. Universal HBV vaccination programmes had been established in seven countries as recommended by the World Health Organization, but the seroprevalence of antibodies against HBsAg (anti-HBs) was lower than the reported vaccine coverage in three countries. Regular serological surveys to ascertain HBV status within a population, such as reported here, provide important data to assess the need for and to evaluate universal HBV vaccination programmes.
Dynamics ofLegionellaantibody levels during 1 year in a healthy population
Authors: RUDBECK M. , MØLBAK K. , ULDUM S. A. 
Published: December 2008

SUMMARYA total of 522 Danish blood donors were followed during 2004–2005 to describe the seroepidemiology ofLegionellainfections in healthy individuals from a general population. Antibodies toLegionellaspp. were measured by indirect immunofluorescence antibody test. The prevalence ofLegionellaantibodies (titre ⩾1:128) was 26·8% and remained fairly constant during the year of follow-up. However, 6·9% of the blood donors developed a fourfold or greater rise in antibody titres. A history of visits to Danish summer cottages was associated with bothLegionellaseropositivity (OR 1·53, 95% CI 1·02–2·30) and seroconversion (OR 2·66, 95% CI 1·21–5·83). There were no consistent associations between either levels of antibody titres or seroconversion and self-reported health symptoms, absence from work due to illness, or to any risk factors. We conclude that community-acquiredLegionellainfections are frequent; however, they rarely result in severe illness.
Impacts of local human activities on the Antarctic environment
Authors: Tin T. , Fleming Z.L. , Hughes K.A. , Ainley D.G. , Convey P. , Moreno C.A. , Pfeiffer S. , Scott J. , Snape I. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractWe review the scientific literature, especially from the past decade, on the impacts of human activities on the Antarctic environment. A range of impacts has been identified at a variety of spatial and temporal scales. Chemical contamination and sewage disposal on the continent have been found to be long-lived. Contemporary sewage management practices at many coastal stations are insufficient to prevent local contamination but no introduction of non-indigenous organisms through this route has yet been demonstrated. Human activities, particularly construction and transport, have led to disturbances of flora and fauna. A small number of non-indigenous plant and animal species has become established, mostly on the northern Antarctic Peninsula and southern archipelagos of the Scotia Arc. There is little indication of recovery of overexploited fish stocks, and ramifications of fishing activity on bycatch species and the ecosystem could also be far-reaching. The Antarctic Treaty System and its instruments, in particular the Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources and the Environmental Protocol, provide a framework within which management of human activities take place. In the face of the continuing expansion of human activities in Antarctica, a more effective implementation of a wide range of measures is essential, in order to ensure comprehensive protection of the Antarctic environment, including its intrinsic, wilderness and scientific values which remains a fundamental principle of the Antarctic Treaty System. These measures include effective environmental impact assessments, long-term monitoring, mitigation measures for non-indigenous species, ecosystem-based management of living resources, and increased regulation of National Antarctic Programmes and tourism activities.
Monetary cost of dietary energy is negatively associated with BMI and waist circumference, but not with other metabolic risk factors, in young Japanese women
Authors: Murakami Kentaro , Sasaki Satoshi , Takahashi Yoshiko , Uenishi Kazuhiro ,   the Japan Dietetic Students’ Study for Nutrition and Biomarkers Group
Published: December 2008

AbstractObjectiveLittle is known about the relationship of dietary cost to health status. The present cross-sectional study examined the association between the monetary cost of dietary energy (Japanese yen/4184 kJ) and several metabolic risk factors.DesignMonetary cost of dietary energy was estimated based on dietary intake assessed by a self-administered diet history questionnaire and retail food prices. Body height and weight, from which BMI was derived, waist circumference and blood pressure were measured and fasting blood samples were collected for biochemical measurements.SettingA total of fifteen universities and colleges in Japan.SubjectsA total of 1136 female Japanese dietetic students aged 18–22 years.ResultsAfter adjustment for potential confounding factors, monetary cost of dietary energy was significantly and negatively associated with BMI (Pfor trend = 0·0024). Monetary cost of dietary energy also showed a significant and negative association with waist circumference independently of potential confounding factors, including BMI (Pfor trend = 0·0003). No significant associations were observed for other metabolic risk factors examined (Pfor trend = 0·10–0·88).ConclusionsThe monetary cost of dietary energy was independently and negatively associated with both BMI and waist circumference, but not other metabolic risk factors, in a group of young Japanese women.