bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fungi associated with Tomicus minor on Pinus sylvestris in Poland and their succession into the sapwood of beetle-infested windblown trees
Authors: Jankowiak Robert 
Published: September 2008

The study identified and measured frequency of fungal species associated with Tomicus minor (Hart.) on Pinus sylvestris L. (Scots pine) in Poland. Additionally, fungal succession in P. sylvestris sapwood was investigated during a 12 week period following an attack by this insect. Fungi were isolated from five populations of overwintered adult beetles and their galleries with 59 species of fungi being represented among the 2880 cultures obtained. The most frequent species, Ophiostoma canum (Münch) Syd. & P. Syd., Hormonema dematioides Lagerb. & Melin, and Ambrosiella tingens (Lagerb. & Melin) L.R. Batra, appeared to be specifically associated with T. minor. The succesional changes in species composition during a 12 week period following an attack by T. minor were observed. The pattern of fungal succession in P. sylvestris sapwood essentially agreed with a general scheme of fungal succession in tree sapwood infested by bark beetles. Ambrosiella tingens was the first invader of sapwood and occurred most frequently in its deeper layers. Ophiostoma canum, H. dematioides, and other molds were also often isolated from the sapwood; however, they were most common at a depth of 5 mm during the initial phase of fungal colonization. Later, Ophiostoma canum followed A. tingens in the sapwood invasion.
READING OFF KUROSH DECOMPOSITIONS
Authors: MARKUS-EPSTEIN L. 
Published: September 2008

Geometric methods proposed by Stallings for treating finitely generated subgroups of free groups were successfully used to solve a wide collection of decision problems for free groups and their subgroups. In the present paper we employ the generalized Stallings' folding method, developed by the author, to introduce a procedure, which has given a subgroup H of a free product of finite groups reads off its Kurosh decomposition from the subgroup graph of H.
USER-PRODUCER INTERACTIONS IN EMERGING PHARMACEUTICAL AND FOOD INNOVATIONS
Authors: MOORS E. H. M. , BOON W. P. C. , NAHUIS R. , VANDEBERG R. L. J. 
Published: September 2008

In order to study user-producer interaction (UPI) in emerging pharmaceutical and food innovation processes, a classification of user involvement has been developed, including a contextualised view on UPIs. Case studies are performed on two types of UPI: demand articulation in intermediary organisations and interactive learning in consortia, in the pharmaceutical and food sector, respectively.Regarding demand articulation processes, articulation of problems, needs, demands and expectations through agenda-setting practices is important. Expression and evaluation of demands with other factors leads to moblization of creative potential of prospective users and facilitation of emerging innovation processes.Regarding interactive learning, geographical, organisational, regulatory and cognitive proximity conditions could facilitate structures for emerging technology development, and codes and networks for frequent interaction between complementary stakeholders. Demands, concerns and opportunities are articulated by shared visions. Organised UPIs via intermediary user organisations or consortia seem to be the important tools for demand articulation and interactive learning involving patient organisations, researchers and private and public organisations.
A Colour Sorting Task Reveals the Limits of the Universalist/Relativist Dichotomy: Colour Categories Can Be Both Language Specific and Perceptual
Authors: Claidière Nicolas , Jraissati Yasmina , Chevallier Coralie 
Published: September 2008

AbstractWe designed a new protocol requiring French adult participants to group a
large number of Munsell colour chips into three or four groups. On one,
relativist, view, participants would be expected to rely on their colour
lexicon in such a task. In this framework, the resulting groups should be
more similar to French colour categories than to other languages categories.
On another, universalist, view, participants would be expected to rely on
universal features of perception. In this second framework, the resulting
groups should match colour categories of three and four basic terms
languages. In this work, we first collected data to build an accurate map of
French colour terms categories (Experiment 1). We went on testing how native
French speakers spontaneously sorted a set of randomly presented coloured
chips and, in line with the relativist prediction, we found that the
resulting colour groups were more similar to French colour categories than
to three and four basic terms languages (Experiment 2). However, the same
results were obtained in a verbal interference condition (Experiment 3),
suggesting that participants rely on language specific and nevertheless
perceptual, colour categories. Collectively, these results suggest that the
universalist/relativist dichotomy is a too narrow one.
Human Spatial Behaviour: The Spacing of People, Objects and Animals in Six Cross-Cultural Samples
Authors: Høgh-Olesen Henrik 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThis study examines the principles we apply, when people, objects and animals are to be organized in relation to other representatives of their kind. Most cross-cultural studies on personal space focus on cultural differences, but here we look for proxetics (universals) as well as proxemics (cultural differences). 793 subjects from six countries (Greenland, Finland, Denmark, Italy, India and Cameroon) situated in four different climate zones are tested with a projective simulation measure (the 'IPROX'). A number of cross-cultural similarities are documented, and it is suggested that six of these are examples of high-level universals in the sense of Norenzayan and Heine (2005). But spacing also differs, and participants from Greenland, Finland, and Denmark systematically keep a larger interpersonal distance than subjects from Italy, India and Cameroon, which confirms the classic difference between southern 'contact-cultures' and northern 'low-contact cultures'. It is documented how personal space shrinks or expands depending on context and depending on whether a person occupies a territory or arrives at a territory occupied by somebody else. Personal space may even 'rub off ' on a person's belongings, and this opens up for a whole new area of spatial relations not studied before.
Holism in a European Cultural Context: Differences in Cognitive Style between Central and East Europeans and Westerners
Authors: Varnum Michael , Grossmann Igor , Katunar Daniela , Nisbett Richard , Kitayama Shinobu 
Published: September 2008

AbstractCentral and East Europeans have a great deal in common, both historically and
culturally, with West Europeans and North Americans, but tend to be more
interdependent. Interdependence has been shown to be linked to holistic
cognition. East Asians are more interdependent than Americans and are more
holistic. If interdependence causes holism, we would expect Central and East
Europeans to be more holistic than West Europeans and North Americans. In
two studies we found evidence that Central and East Europeans are indeed
more holistic than Westerners on three tasks, one of which examined
categorization and two of which measured patterns of visual attention. These
studies support the argument that cross-cultural differences in cognition
are due to society level differences in independence/interdependence.
Number Conceptualisation among Lebanese Micro-Business Owners who Engage in Orally-Based Versus Paper-Based Numeracy Practices: An Experimental Cognitive Ethnography
Authors: Zebian Samar 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe study of everyday numeric thinking in adults directs our attention to several aspects of number cognition that have received almost no attention in the experimental cognitive science literature, namely the influences of socially situated artifact use on numeric processing. The current studies explore numeral recognition and conceptualisation processes in business people who engage in different types of numeracy practices; orally based numeracy practices which involve very little use of written records compared to paper-based numeracy practices. Ethnographic observations of Lebanese business people were conducted to gain a detailed understanding of the socio-cognitive demands in orally-based paperless and paper-based business settings. These observations were in turn used to design experimental reaction time studies which investigated currency based numeral recognition and conceptualisation processes. The results of the numeral recognition and priming studies clearly illustrate that the use of artifacts in everyday numeracy practices influences numeral recognition and conceptualisation in a way that suggests tight linkages between the visio-spatial processes involve in recognizing numerals embedded in cultural artifacts and the semantically based processes involved in the conception of these numerals. The relevance of the current findings for the main models of adult numeric cognition and for research on everyday numeracy will be discussed.
Homogenization of Temperature Series via Pairwise Comparisons
Authors: Menne Matthew J. , Williams Claude N. 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
An automated homogenization algorithm based on the pairwise comparison of monthly temperature series is described. The algorithm works by forming pairwise difference series between serial monthly temperature values from a network of observing stations. Each difference series is then evaluated for undocumented shifts, and the station series responsible for such breaks is identified automatically. The algorithm also makes use of station history information, when available, to improve the identification of artificial shifts in temperature data. In addition, an evaluation is carried out to distinguish trend inhomogeneities from abrupt shifts. When the magnitude of an apparent shift attributed to a particular station can be reliably estimated, an adjustment is made for the target series. The pairwise algorithm is shown to be robust and efficient at detecting undocumented step changes under a variety of simulated scenarios with step- and trend-type inhomogeneities. Moreover, the approach is shown to yield a lower false-alarm rate for undocumented changepoint detection relative to the more common use of a reference series. Results from the algorithm are used to assess evidence for trend inhomogeneities in U.S. monthly temperature data.
A Comparative Analysis of Change in the First and Second Moment of the PDF of Seasonal Mean 200-mb Heights with ENSO SSTs
Authors: Jha Bhaskar , Kumar Arun 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
Based on simulations from nine different atmospheric general circulation models (AGCMs), a comparative assessment of the influence of ENSO SST variability on the first and second moment of the probability density function (PDF) of 200-mb seasonal mean height is made. This comparison is quantified by regressing the interannual variability in the mean and the spread of the seasonal means against the Niño-3.4 SSTs. Based on the analysis of simulations from multiple AGCMs, it is concluded that the relative impact of interannual variability of SSTs is larger, and more systematic, on the mean of the PDF of 200-mb heights than on its spread. This result implies that seasonal predictability due to SSTs is predominantly a function of its influence on the seasonal mean. Further, for the practice of seasonal predictions, it might be pragmatic to assume that spread of seasonal means stays constant and that the seasonal forecast information resides entirely in the shift of the seasonal mean PDF.
Multimodel Ensemble Reconstruction of Drought over the Continental United States
Authors: Wang Aihui , Bohn Theodore J. , Mahanama Sarith P. , Koster Randal D. , Lettenmaier Dennis P. 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
Retrospectively simulated soil moisture from an ensemble of six land surface/hydrological models was used to reconstruct drought events over the continental United States for the period 1920–2003. The simulations were performed at one-half-degree spatial resolution, using a common set of atmospheric forcing data and model-specific soil and vegetation parameters. Monthly simulated soil moisture was converted to percentiles using Weibull plotting position statistics, and the percentiles were then used to represent drought severities and durations. An ensemble method, based on an inverse mapping of the average of the individual model’s soil moisture percentiles, was also used to combine all models’ simulations. Major results are 1) all models and the ensemble reconstruct the known severe drought events during the last century. The spatial extents and severities of drought are plausible for the individual models although substantial among-model disparities exist. 2) The simulations are in more agreement with each other over the eastern than over the western United States. 3) Most of the models show that soil moisture memory is much longer over the western than over the eastern United States. The results provide some insights into how a hydrological nowcast system can be developed, and also early results from a test application within the University of Washington’s real-time national Surface Water Monitor and a review of the multimodel nowcasts during the southeastern drought beginning in summer 2007 are included.
Hindlimb Growth after a Transphyseal Reconstruction of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament
Authors: Meller Rupert , Kendoff Daniel , Hankemeier Stefan , Jagodzinski Michael , Grotz Martin , Knobloch Karsten , Krettek Christian 
Published: September 2008

Background There is a lot of controversy in the recent literature with regard to the optimal treatment of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries during growth. Iatrogenic growth disturbance due to physeal damage is a potential complication, forcing many orthopaedic surgeons to treat these injuries conservatively. Hypothesis It is possible to perform a fully transphyseal ACL reconstruction in an ovine model with wide-open physes without creating growth disturbances. Study Design Descriptive laboratory study. Materials and Methods Four-month-old skeletally immature sheep underwent a transphyseal ACL reconstruction of the right knee. The surgical technique followed the criteria known to be essential to avoid growth disturbances in humans; the tibial tuberosity was spared to prevent a genu recurvatum, thermal damage to the growth plates was avoided, the physes were perforated with a small-diameter drill in the center of the growth plate, a soft tissue graft was used, graft fixation was achieved far away from the growth plates, the perforated growth plates were filled by the soft tissue graft, and the graft was moderately pretensioned before fixation. The left knee served as a control. A computer-assisted evaluation of long radiographs (frontal and sagittal plane) of the exarticulated hindlimbs was performed to exactly evaluate the limb alignment, joint orientation, and leg length. The animals were sacrificed in groups of 6 after 3, 6, 12, and 24 weeks. Results No angular deformities or leg-length discrepancies occurred after this transphyseal ACL reconstruction procedure throughout the remaining growth. Conclusion This large-animal study supports the clinical observation that it is possible to perform an ACL reconstruction without creating growth disturbances as long as a number of key principles are followed. Clinical Relevance Previous animal studies argued against ACL reconstruction in skeletally immature patients. This large-animal study provides support for early operative treatment of ACL ruptures even in young patients with open physes.
Native Anterior Cruciate Ligament Obliquity versus Anterior Cruciate Ligament Graft Obliquity
Authors: Stanford Fatima C. , Kendoff Daniel , Warren Russell F. , Pearle Andrew D. 
Published: September 2008

Background The goal of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction is to attain a graft that closely resembles the native anterior cruciate ligament anatomy. By reconstructing the original anatomy, one hopes to eliminate issues related to graft elongation, impingement, and excessive tension while achieving ideal knee kinematics. Hypothesis Clinical grafts placed using the transtibial technique will differ in the sagittal and coronal planes when compared with obliquity of the anatomic anterior cruciate ligament. Study Design Controlled laboratory study/case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods With the assistance of computer navigation, our study compared the anterior cruciate ligament orientation of 5 cadaver knees with 12 clinical anterior cruciate ligament—reconstructed knees using the transtibial technique. Results Clinical graft obliquity differed from the anatomic anterior cruciate ligament in all flexion angles 0°, 30°, 60°, and 90°. In the sagittal plane, the clinical graft obliquity differed from the anatomic anterior cruciate ligament by 13.6°, 12.7°, 16.7°, and 17°, respectively. In the coronal plane, the clinical graft obliquity differed from the anatomic anterior cruciate ligament by 4.9°, 7.6°, 8.9°, and 12.7°, respectively. Paired t tests demonstrated that the difference between the clinical and anatomic anterior cruciate ligament was significant (P < .05), except in the coronal plane at 0° of flexion. In spite of this, all patients demonstrated a negative pivot shift and Lachman at the conclusion of their reconstructions and at 6-month follow-up. Conclusion The sagittal and coronal plane obliquity of well-functioning grafts placed using the transtibial technique were more vertical than anatomic fibers. Clinical Relevance Graft obliquity, in both the coronal and sagittal plane, may be an important means to target appropriate anterior cruciate ligament graft position and can be monitored using surgical navigation systems.
Inherited and acquired variations in the hyaluronan synthase 1 (HAS1) gene may contribute to disease progression in multiple myeloma and Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia
Authors: Adamia Sophia , Reichert Amanda A. , Kuppusamy Hemalatha , Kriangkum Jitra , Ghosh Anirban , Hodges Jennifer J. , Pilarski Patrick M. , Treon Steven P. , Mant Michael J. , Reiman Tony , Belch Andrew R. , Pilarski Linda M. 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
To characterize genetic contributions toward aberrant splicing of the hyaluronan synthase 1 (HAS1) gene in multiple myeloma (MM) and Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia (WM), we sequenced 3616 bp in HAS1 exons and introns involved in aberrant splicing, from 17 patients. We identified a total of 197 HAS1 genetic variations (GVs), a range of 3 to 24 GVs/patient, including 87 somatic GVs acquired in splicing regions of HAS1. Nearly all newly identified inherited and somatic GVs in MM and/or WM were absent from B chronic lymphocytic leukemia, nonmalignant disease, and healthy donors. Somatic HAS1 GVs recurred in all hematopoietic cells tested, including normal CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells and T cells, or as tumor-specific GVs restricted to malignant B and plasma cells. An in vitro splicing assay confirmed that HAS1 GVs direct aberrant HAS1 intronic splicing. Recurrent somatic GVs may be enriched by strong mutational selection leading to MM and/or WM.
Rapidly proliferating CD44hi peripheral T cells undergo apoptosis and delay posttransplantation T-cell reconstitution after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation
Authors: Alpdogan S. Önder , Lu Sydney X. , Patel Neel , McGoldrick Suzanne , Suh David , Budak-Alpdogan Tulin , Smith Odette M. , Grubin Jeremy , King Christopher , Goldberg Gabrielle L. , Hubbard Vanessa M. , Kochman Adam A. , van den Brink Marcel R. M. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractDelayed T-cell recovery is an important complication of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT). We demonstrate in murine models that donor BM-derived T cells display increased apoptosis in recipients of allogeneic BMT with or without GVHD. Although this apoptosis was associated with a loss of Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL expression, allogeneic recipients of donor BM deficient in Fas-, tumor necrosis factor–related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)- or Bax-, or BM-overexpressing Bcl-2 or Akt showed no decrease in apoptosis of peripheral donor-derived T cells. CD44 expression was associated with an increased percentage of BM-derived apoptotic CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Transplantation of RAG-2-eGFP–transgenic BM revealed that proliferating eGFPloCD44hi donor BM-derived mature T cells were more likely to undergo to apoptosis than nondivided eGFPhiCD44lo recent thymic emigrants in the periphery. Finally, experiments using carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester–labeled T cells adoptively transferred into irradiated syngeneic hosts revealed that rapid spontaneous proliferation (as opposed to slow homeostatic proliferation) and acquisition of a CD44hi phenotype was associated with increased apoptosis in T cells. We conclude that apoptosis of newly generated donor-derived peripheral T cells after an allogeneic BMT contributes to delayed T-cell reconstitution and is associated with CD44 expression and rapid spontaneous proliferation by donor BM-derived T cells.
Adhesive activity of Lu glycoproteins is regulated by interaction with spectrin
Authors: An Xiuli , Gauthier Emilie , Zhang Xihui , Guo Xinhua , Anstee David J. , Mohandas Narla , Chasis Joel Anne 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe Lutheran (Lu) and Lu(v13) blood group glycoproteins function as receptors for extracellular matrix laminins. Lu and Lu(v13) are linked to the erythrocyte cytoskeleton through a direct interaction with spectrin. However, neither the molecular basis of the interaction nor its functional consequences have previously been delineated. In the present study, we defined the binding motifs of Lu and Lu(v13) on spectrin and identified a functional role for this interaction. We found that the cytoplasmic domains of both Lu and Lu(v13) bound to repeat 4 of the α spectrin chain. The interaction of full-length spectrin dimer to Lu and Lu(v13) was inhibited by repeat 4 of α-spectrin. Further, resealing of this repeat peptide into erythrocytes led to weakened Lu-cytoskeleton interaction as demonstrated by increased detergent extractability of Lu. Importantly, disruption of the Lu-spectrin linkage was accompanied by enhanced cell adhesion to laminin. We conclude that the interaction of the Lu cytoplasmic tail with the cytoskeleton regulates its adhesive receptor function.
Characteristics and outcome of chronic myeloid leukemia patients with F317L BCR-ABL kinase domain mutation after therapy with tyrosine kinase inhibitors
Authors: Jabbour Elias , Kantarjian Hagop M. , Jones Dan , Reddy Neeli , O'Brien Susan , Garcia-Manero Guillermo , Burger Jan , Cortes Jorge 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
Mutations in codon 317 after treatment with imatinib and dasatinib have been reported. We reviewed patients with chronic myeloid leukemia and mutations after tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy. F317L was detected in 20, including 12/99 (12%) with mutation after imatinib failure, and 8/16 (50%) after dasatinib (P = .001). Median follow-up from mutation detection was 25 months. At the time of F317L, 8 patients were in chronic phase (CP), 6 in accelerated phase, and 6 in blast phase. There was no difference in characteristics between patients with or without F317L mutations, or with no mutations. A complete cytogenetic response was acheived in 3 of 6 patients treated with nilotinib, 2 of 2 with imatinib, and 0 of 3 with dasatinib. Survival of patients with F317L was similar to those with other mutations (P = .45). Patients in CP had better outcome, with a 2-year survival of 75%. F317L mutation is resistant to dasatinib but sensitive to other TKIs. The prognosis is dependent mostly on the disease stage.