bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome in a child treated with bevacizumab
Authors: Levy Carolyn Fein , Oo Khine Zin , Fireman Fernando , Pierre Louisdon , Bania Marita A. , Sadanandan Swayamprabha , Yamashiro Darrell J. , Bender Julia L. Glade 
Published: December 2008

AbstractBevacizumab is a monoclonal antibody targeting vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Hypertension is a well‐recognized, common side effect of VEGF blocking agents. The reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome (RPLS) has been described as a rare but serious consequence of bevacizumab administration. We present a case of a 6‐year‐old child with refractory hepatoblastoma who developed hypertensive crisis, seizures and MRI changes consistent with RPLS while receiving bevacizumab with gemcitabine and oxaliplatin. Findings completely resolved without neurologic sequelae with stringent blood‐pressure control. Better understanding of risk for RPLS, prompt recognition and aggressive management will be required as bevacizumab gains wider use in pediatrics. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2009;52:669–671. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Allogeneic stem cell transplantation for Glanzmann thrombasthenia
Authors: Ishaqi M. Kashif , El‐Hayek M. , Gassas Adam , Khanani M. , Trad Omar , Baroudi M. , Jamil A. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractGlanzmann thrombasthenia (GT) is a rare autosomal recessive bleeding disorder characterized by normal platelet count, but lack of platelet aggregation. The molecular basis is linked to quantitative and/or qualitative abnormalities of the membrane glycoprotein IIb/IIIa complexes. Usually it is associated with mild bleeding but may lead to severe and potentially fatal hemorrhages. Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is the only curative treatment. However, because of the risks associated with HSCT, it is generally not recommended unless there are life threatening hemorrhages, or the patient has developed refractoriness to platelet transfusion due to antibody formation. Herein, we report an 11‐year‐old female from United Arab Emirates (UAE) with severe GT and anti platelet alloimmunization successfully treated with HSCT from her HLA‐identical sibling. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2009;52:682–683. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Models of SEC elution curves for binary and multi‐component polymers
Authors: Netopilík Miloš , Kratochvíl Pavel 
Published: December 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: Frequently, the unimodal shape of size‐exclusion chromatography (SEC) elution curves is taken as evidence that the polymer sample being analysed contains no minority components in significant quantities. The legitimacy of this assumption, however, has never been checked systematically.RESULTS: An algorithm for the simulation of SEC elution curves of multi‐component polymer systems has been developed. Using the algorithm, the shapes of the overall SEC curves with a wide range of parameters describing binary systems were generated and scanned. The crucial parameters determining the shape of the elution curves are the ratio of the molecular weights of the components, the breadth of the molecular weight distribution of the components, the mass fractions of the components and the band broadening.CONCLUSION: A detailed inspection of the curves shows that the identification of the presence of minority components in such systems from the shapes of the elution curves is more difficult then generally assumed. The absence of peak irregularities, such as minima or inflection points, widely used as a proof of absence of minority components, is a highly unreliable criterion. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Absolute reactivity of arylallyl carbocations
Authors: Hallett‐Tapley Geniece , Cozens Frances L. , Schepp Norman P. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractA series of α‐vinyl arylmethyl cations were generated and studied using nanosecond laser flash photolysis. Rate constants for the decay of the substituted α‐vinyl arylmethyl cations were determined under solvolytic conditions in pure solvents and solvent mixtures of 1,1,1,3,3,3‐hexafluoro‐2‐propanol (HFIP) and 2,2,2‐trifluoroethanol (TFE). In addition the absolute reactivity of the carbocations with added nucleophiles were obtained. The reactivities of the α‐vinyl arylmethyl cations were then compared to the reactivities of the corresponding α‐methyl, α‐phenyl, and α‐cyclopropyl arylmethyl cations. Hammett σ+ plots of each of the series of carbocations were obtained and the substituent effects on carbocation reactivity analyzed. These data show that the influence of substituent on the reactivity of the α‐vinyl carbocations was different from the substituents effects on the reactivity of the α‐methyl, α‐phenyl, and α‐cyclopropyl series. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Laccase‐catalyzed polymerization of lignocatechol and affinity on proteins of resulting polymers
Authors: Yoshida Takashi , Lu Rong , Han Shuqin , Hattori Kazuyuki , Katsuta Takahiro , Takeda Kei‐Ichi , Sugimoto Kazutoshi , Funaoka Masamitsu 
Published: December 2008

AbstractFor the synthesis of a new biologically functional polymer from a natural resource by an environment‐friendly method, the laccase‐catalyzed polymerization of a lignin‐based macromonomer, lignocatechol, was carried out for the first time in ethanol–phosphate buffer solvent system to give crosslinked polymers in good yields. Lignocatechol was prepared by the phase separation system of lignin and catechol in aqueous sulfuric acid. The copolymerization was also performed with urushiol to afford the corresponding copolymers in high yields. The polymerization mechanism was estimated by the IR and pyrolysis GC‐MS measurements, suggesting that the polymerization proceeded mainly at the catechol ring through a quinone radical intermediate. The thermal properties were measured by the DSC, TG, and TMA analyses, indicating that the polymers had high thermal stabilities because of the crosslinked structures. In addition, it was found that the resulting polymers had the affinity of bovine serum albumin (BSA) and glucoamylase. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47: 824–832, 2009
Biogeochemical gradients as a framework for understanding waste‐site evolution
Authors: Denham Miles , Vangelas Karen M. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe migration of biogeochemical gradients is a useful framework for understanding the evolution of biogeochemical conditions in groundwater at waste sites contaminated with metals and radionuclides. This understanding is critical to selecting sustainable remedies and evaluating sites for monitored natural attenuation, because most attenuation mechanisms are sensitive to geochemical conditions, such as pH and redox potential. Knowledge of how gradients in these parameters evolve provides insights into the behavior of contaminants with time and guides characterization, remedy selection, and monitoring efforts. An example is a seepage basin site at the Savannah River Site in South Carolina where low‐level acidic waste has seeped into groundwater. The remediation of this site relies, in part, on restoring the natural pH of the aquifer by injecting alkaline solutions. The remediation will continue until the pH upflow of the treatment zone increases to an acceptable value. The time required to achieve this objective depends on the time it takes the trailing pH gradient, the gradient separating the plume from influxing natural groundwater, to reach the treatment zone. Predictions of this length of time will strongly influence long‐term remedial decisions. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Evaluation of natural attenuation at a 1,4‐dioxane‐contaminated site
Authors: Chiang Dora Sheau‐Yun , Glover Everett W. , Peterman Jeff , Harrigan Joseph , DiGuiseppi Bill , Woodward David S. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract1,4‐Dioxane entered the environment as a result of historic leaks and spills in the production area at an industrial facility in the southeastern coastal plain. The areal extent of the 1,4‐dioxane plume is several hundred acres and is largely contained on the site. Land use adjacent to the plant property is primarily undeveloped (wetlands or woods) or industrial, with a small area of mixed land use (commercial/residential) to the southwest and north. The surficial aquifer is a relatively simple hydrogeologic system with well‐defined boundaries and is comprised of a 50‐ to 70‐foot‐thick deposit of alluvial/fluvial sand and gravel that overlies an aquitard in excess of 100 feet thick. A groundwater flow model, developed and calibrated using field‐measured data, was used for the fate‐and‐transport modeling of 1,4‐dioxane. The flow‐and‐transport model, combined with the evaluation of other site geochemical data, was used to support the selection of monitored natural attenuation (MNA) as the proposed groundwater remedy for the site. Since the active sources of contamination have been removed and the modeling/field data demonstrated that the plume was stable and not expanding, the proposed MNA approach was accepted and approved by the regulatory agency for implementation in 2004. Subsequent accumulated data confirm that concentrations in the 1,4‐dioxane plume are declining as predicted by the fate‐and‐transport modeling. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Off‐gas treatment carbon footprint calculator: Form and function
Authors: Kessel Lowell , Holland Karin , Squire Jeremy 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe quantification of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions can be a powerful sustainability measurement indicator for assessing environmental impacts of various operations, which can include remediation of chemically impacted media or construction projects. A carbon footprint calculator was developed and is presented in this article as one tool for applying sustainable practices to environmental remediation—specifically to assess the GHG footprint for remediation projects. The calculator is constructed from a compilation of published metrics and “standards.” © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sustainable soil remediation by refrigerated condensation at sites with “high‐concentration” recalcitrant compounds and NAPL: Two case studies
Authors: Kessel Lowell , Squire Jeremy , Holland Karin 
Published: December 2008

AbstractRemediation of recalcitrant compounds at sites with high concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) or nonaqueous‐phase liquids (NAPLs) can present significant technical and financial (long‐term) risk for stakeholders. Until recently, however, sustainability has not been included as a significant factor to be considered in the feasibility and risk evaluation for remediation technologies. The authors present a framework for which sustainability can be incorporated into the remediation selection criteria focusing specifically on off‐gas treatment selection for soil vapor extraction (SVE) remediation technology. SVE is generally considered an old and standard approach to in situ remediation of soils at a contaminated site. The focus on off‐gas treatment technology selection in this article allows for more in‐depth analysis of the feasibility evaluation process and how sustainable practices might influence the process.SVE is more commonly employed for recovery of VOCs from soils than other technologies and generally employs granular activated carbon (GAC), catalytic, or thermal oxidation, or an emerging alternative technology known as cryogenic‐compression and condensation combined with regenerative adsorption (C3–Technology). Of particular challenge to the off‐gas treatment selection process is the potential variety of chemical constituents and concentrations changing over time. Guidance is available regarding selection of off‐gas treatment technology (Air Force Center for Environmental Excellence, 1996; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2006). However, there are common shortcomings of off‐gas treatment technology guidance and applications; practitioners have rarely considered sustainability and environmental impact of off‐gas treatment technology selection. This evaluation includes consideration of environmental sustainability in the selection of off‐gas treatment technologies and a region‐specific (Los Angeles, California) cost per pound and time of remediation comparisons between GAC, thermal oxidation, and C3–Technology. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Hanford remediation at 20 years: A glass half‐empty
Authors: Abbotts John , Weems Charles 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe U.S. Department of Energy's (US DOE's) responsibilities for its former national nuclear weapons complex include remediation of the Hanford Site in Washington State. In 1989, the site's primary mission shifted from nuclear weapons material production to cleanup of the extensive radioactive and chemical contamination that represented the production legacy. Cleanup is governed by the Tri‐Party Agreement (TPA), between the US DOE, as responsible party, and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and Washington State Department of Ecology, as joint regulators. Nearly 20 years have passed since the TPA was signed, but the Hanford remediation is expected to require decades longer. This article covers the cleanup progress to date and challenges that remain, particularly from millions of gallons of highly radioactive liquid wastes and proposals to bring new wastes to Hanford. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
In situ bioremediation of pesticides in soil and groundwater
Authors: Seech Alan , Bolanos‐Shaw Kerry , Hill David , Molin Josephine 
Published: December 2008

AbstractOrganochlorine pesticides (OCPs) such as DDT, Toxaphene, and Dieldrin are very persistent in the environment and can pose a threat to human health and other living organisms. They adsorb strongly to soils and do not tend to decompose naturally at a significant rate. Through extensive research and many field projects over the past decade, it has been found that the application of solid organic carbon and zero‐valent iron (ZVI) to soil and groundwater facilitates the chemical and biological destruction of OCPs. A description of the treatment approach for treatment of soils and groundwater is provided, along with several case studies. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Nanotechnology for site remediation
Authors: Otto Martha , Floyd Melissa , Bajpai Sankalpa 
Published: December 2008

AbstractAs a remediation tool, nanotechnology holds promise for cleaning up hazardous waste sites cost‐effectively and addressing challenging site conditions, such as the presence of dense nonaqueous phase liquids (DNAPLs). Some nanoparticles, such as nanoscale zero‐valent iron (nZVI) are already in use in full‐scale projects with encouraging success. Ongoing research at the bench and pilot scale is investigating particles such as self‐assembled monolayers on mesoporous supports (SAMMS™), dendrimers, carbon nanotubes, and metalloporphyrinogens to determine how to apply their unique chemical and physical properties for full‐scale remediation. There are many unanswered questions regarding nanotechnology. Further research is needed to understand the fate and transport of free nanoparticles in the environment, whether they are persistent, and whether they have toxicological effects on biological systems.In October 2008, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Office of Superfund Remediation and Technology Innovation (OSRTI) prepared a fact sheet entitled “Nanotechnology for Site Remediation,” and an accompanying list of contaminated sites where nanotechnology has been tested. The fact sheet contains information that may assist site project managers in understanding the potential applications of this group of technologies. This article provides a synopsis of the US EPA fact sheet, available at http://clu‐in.org/542F08009, and includes background information on nanotechnology; its use in site remediation; issues related to fate, transport, and toxicity; and a discussion of performance and cost data for field tests. The site list is available at http://clu‐in.org/products/nanozvi. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Abiotic/biotic degradation and mineralization of N‐nitrosodimethylamine in aquifer sediments
Authors: Szecsody Jim E. , McKinley James P. , Breshears Andrew T. , Crocker Fiona H. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe N‐nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) degradation rate and mineralization rate were measured in two aquifer sediments that received treatments to create oxic, reducing, and sequential reducing/oxic environments. Chemically reduced sediments rapidly abiotically degraded NDMA to nontoxic dimethylamine to parts per trillion levels, then degraded to further products. NDMA was partially mineralized in reduced sediments (6 to 28 percent) at a slow rate (half‐life 3,460 h) by an unknown abiotic/biotic pathway. In contrast, NDMA was mineralized more rapidly (half‐life 342 h) and to a greater extent (30 to 81 percent) in oxic sediments with propane addition, likely by a propane monooxygenase pathway. NDMA mineralization in sequential reduced sediment followed by oxic sediment treatment did result in slightly more rapid mineralization and a greater mineralization extent relative to reduced systems. These increases were minor, so aerobic NDMA mineralization with oxygen and propane addition was the most viable in situ NDMA mineralization strategy. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
MULTI INCREMENT® TCE vadose‐zone investigation
Authors: Hewitt Alan D. , Ramsey Charles , Bigl Susan 
Published: December 2008

AbstractMULTI INCREMENT® and discrete sampling strategies were used to estimate the average concentration and the three‐dimensional distribution of TCE in a 3,300‐m3 zone composed of two decision units (e.g., area of concern, population, exposure unit). Authors of this article and a private contractor (Stanley Consultants Inc.), respectively, implemented these two sampling strategies independently. Compared to discrete sampling, the MULTI INCREMENT sampling strategy identified more locations where percent‐level concentrations of TCE have migrated, is more economical, and provided greater data quality. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Gender Differences in Patient Perceptions of Involvement in Myocardial Infarction Care
Authors: Arnetz Judith E. , Arnetz Bengt B. 
Published: December 2008

Background: Gender differences in the clinical presentation, treatment and outcomes of myocardial infarction (MI) have been demonstrated. However, few studies have examined gender differences in patients' perceptions of involvement in MI care, and whether differing levels of involvement might be associated with gender differences in treatment and outcome. Aim: To examine possible gender differences in MI patients' perceptions of their involvement during hospitalization. Methods: Questionnaire study conducted in 2005–2006 among MI patients under the age of 75 at eleven hospitals. Patient ratings of their involvement during hospitalization were analyzed for age-stratified gender differences. Results: Younger (< 70 years of age) female MI patients placed significantly more value on shared decision-making than younger (< 70) men. More than one third of patients would have liked to be more involved in their care during hospitalization and discharge planning, with women significantly more dissatisfied than men. Significantly fewer younger female patients discussed secondary preventive lifestyle changes with cardiology staff prior to hospital discharge. Conclusion: Significant age-specific gender differences exist in MI patient ratings of, and satisfaction with, involvement during hospitalization. Further study is needed regarding the possible role of involvement in the recognized gender differences in the treatment and outcomes of MI.
On the interpretation of Chinese loess as a paleoclimate indicator
Authors: Roe Gerard 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe records of wind-blown dust (i.e., loess) in China are some of the most important terrestrial records of past climate changes, stretching back over the last 10 Ma. In the paleoclimate literature, intervals of increased dust generation have been almost always interpreted as being associated with more intense or prolonged wintertime conditions. Here it is shown that, in accordance with modern observations, dust outbreaks in Asia are predominantly springtime phenomena. During spring, frequent cyclogenesis in the lee of the Mongolian Altai and the passage of strong cold fronts produce the intense windstorms that loft and entrain dust into the air. The meteorology governing such outbreaks is likely robust in past climates. Contrary to the common paleoclimate presumption, it is actually the breakdown of the Siberian High that permits the dust-producing windstorms to occur. The importance of cold fronts in generating such windstorms suggests that cooling of high-latitude climate during the Miocene, or during glacial intervals, might play a significant role in the signal recorded in the loess deposits. The unique springtime factors that generate dust storms are an example of why the common partitioning of Asian climate into a ‘winter’ and ‘summer’ monsoon is oversimplified and can be misleading.
Impact of lateral transport on organic proxies in the Southern Ocean
Authors: Kim Jung-Hyun , Crosta Xavier , Michel Elisabeth , Schouten Stefan , Duprat Josette , Sinninghe Damsté Jaap S. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractLateral transport of fine-grained organic carbon particles can complicate the interpretation of paleoclimate records based on organic proxies. Here we investigated the effect of lateral transport on newly developed temperature and soil organic matter proxies, TEX86 and BIT index, respectively, in core MD88–769 recovered from the South East Indian Ridge. Our results show that TEX86 and BIT records in comparison to diatom and foraminifera records were representative for more local climate changes while alkenones and n-alkanes originated from distant areas by oceanic and atmospheric transport, respectively. This suggests that TEX86 and BIT paleoclimate records are primarily influenced by local conditions and less subjected to long-distance lateral transport than other organic proxies in the Southern Ocean.
Semigroups of left quotients—the uniqueness problem
Authors: Gould Victoria 
Published: December 2008

Let S be a subsemigroup of a semigroup Q. Then Q is a semigroup of left quotients of S if every element of Q can be written as a*b, where a lies in a group -class of Q and a* is the inverse of a in this group; in addition, we insist that every element of S satisfying a weak cancellation condition named square-cancellable lie in a subgroup of Q.J. B. Fountain and M. Petrich gave an example of a semigroup having two non-isomorphic semigroups of left quotients. More positive results are available if we restrict the classes of semigroups from which the semigroups of left quotients may come. For example, a semigroup has at most one bisimple inverse ω-semigroup of left quotients. The crux of the matter is the restrictions to a semigroup S of Green's relations ℛ and ℒ in a semigroup of quotients of S. With this in mind we give necessary and sufficient conditions for two semigroups of left quotients of S to be isomorphic under an isomorphism fixing S pointwise.The above result is then used to show that if R is a subring of rings Q1 and Q2 and the multiplicative subsemigroups of Q1 and Q2 are semigroups of left quotients of the multiplicative semigroup of R, then Ql and Q2 are isomorphic rings.
A nonabelian Frobenius–Wielandt complement
Authors: Espuelas Alberto 
Published: December 2008

We recall the following definition (see [1]):A finite group G is said to be a Frobenius–Wielandt group provided that there exists a proper subgroup H of G and a proper normal subgroup N of H such that H∩Hg≦N if g∈G–H. Then H/N is said to be the complement of (G, H, N) (see [1] for more details and notation).