bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treatment decisions in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Wasner Cody K. , Fries James F. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractRheumatologists and nephrologists were surveyed, by the use of specifically designed case histories, regarding their management of selected aspects of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Treatment was individualized on a case by case basis by the vast majority of respondents. There was agreement on the initial treatment of SLE involving mild arthritis, active nephritis, or central nervous system disease and on steroid tapering practices. There was disagreement about treatment of a “serologic flare” and the management of late‐stage nephropathy. Academic centers were more selective and less aggressive than practicing subspecialists. Areas of concordance document current standard treatment practices but sometimes show dissociation between the degree of consensus and the level of available medical knowledge.
Anti‐ss‐a antibody and other antinuclear antibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Scopelitis Eve , Biundo Joseph J. , Alspaugh Margaret A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractRandomly selected sera from 88 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were studied for the frequency of antibodies to SS‐A, SS‐B, RANA, RNP, Sm, Sc‐1, and dsDNA. Results were in agreement with previous reports except for an increased incidence of anti‐SS‐A antibody (33%). Nine of 14 patients with anti‐SS‐A antibody on whom serial studies were performed had fluctuating titers. Titer changes often correlated with disease activity and dsDNA antibody levels.
Vertebral osteophyte formation in experimental disc degeneration
Authors: Lipson Stephen J. , Muir Helen 
Published: February 2007

AbstractExperimental intervertebral disc degeneration produced in rabbits by ventral nuclear herniation reliably produces vertebral osteophytes. Osteophytes arise from proliferating inner annular fibers which undergo metaplasia into cartilage, calcify, and proceed through an endochondral ossification sequence. Proteoglycans extracted from the osteophytes reveal that the degree of aggregation, molecular size of the monomer, and the chondroitin sulfate/keratin sulfate ratio are directly related to the cartilage state of the tissue.
Joint motion in the absence of normal loading does not maintain normal articular cartilage
Authors: Palmoski Marshall J. , Colyer Robert A. , Brandt Kenneth D. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractArticular cartilage from the knees of 4 dogs whose ipsilateral paws had been transected 6 weeks earlier (kneetrans), and from their contralateral knees (kneecon), was examined. Kneetrans did not bear weight as a result of the surgical procedure but active motion of the joint, determined with an angular displacement monitor during walking, was comparable to that of kneecon. In comparison to kneecon cartilage, kneetrans samples showed decreases in thickness, Safranin‐O staining of the matrix, and uronic acid content (mean, 24.4%), and increase in water content (mean, 5.9%). Incorporation of 35S into proteoglycans was 34–67% less in kneetrans than in kneecon cartilage. Proteoglycan (PG) aggregation in kneecon cartilage was normal, whereas in kneetrans cartilage the bulk of the proteoglycans, and also those that had been newly synthesized (35S‐proteoglyeans), did not exist in aggregates. This defect in aggregation was due, at least in part, to an abnormality in the hyaluronatebinding region of the core protein of the proteoglycans, since they did not interact in vitro with hyaluronic acid. These changes are essentially identical to those shown to occur in canine knee cartilage after immobilization of the leg in a cast. Thus, the loading of the joint which occurs from contraction of the muscles that span the knee and stabilize the limb in stance, and not merely joint movement, may be required to maintain the integrity of the articular cartilage.
Gold therapy in the management of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Brewer Earl J. , Giannini Edward H. , Barkley Elizabeth 
Published: February 2007

AbstractGold therapy for 6 months was shown to be efficacious in reducing the severity of articular manifestations in 32 (63%) of 51 juvenile rheumatoid arthritis patients reviewed retrospectively. Similarly, reductions in the total number of involved joints were seen in 25 (49%) patients. Patients in whom a favorable response to therapy was noted had more severe joint involvement at the start of therapy than did nonresponders. In general, patients who responded experienced considerable improvement. Duration of disease prior to gold therapy initiation and disease onset type were not related to the probability of favorable response. Incidence of adverse side effects was low. Gold has recently been approved by the Food and Drug Administration for use in children.
Lymphocyte transformation to denatured type i collagen and b lymphocyte alloantigens in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Smolen J. S. , Menzel E. J. , Scherak O. , Kojer M. , Kolarz G. , Steffen C. , Mayr W. R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPeripheral blood lymphocytes transformed significantly to denatured type I collagen in 22 of 38 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (58%), 1 of 9 patients with Reiter's disease (P < 0.05), and 9 of 32 controls (28%) (P < 0.01). Determination of HLA antigens revealed significant differences between 24 rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients and a control population for HLA‐DRw4 (75% versus 23%). No correlation was observed between lymphocyte transformation to collagen and antibodies to collagen, rheumatoid factor, stage or duration of RA, or HLA antigens.
Inhibition of adenosine triphosphatases by gold
Authors: Nechay Bohdan R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractInhibition of adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) by chlorauric acid (Au3+) and gold sodium thiomalate (Au+) was studied in dog brain and kidney and in human kidney enzyme preparations. Au3+ indiscriminately affected ouabain‐sensitive (Na+ + K+‐dependent) ATPase and ouabain‐insensitive (Mg2+‐dependent) ATPase with concentrations for 50% inhibition (I50) approximately 10‐6 M. The I50 of Au3+ for Na+ + K+ ATPase was several‐fold higher in homogenates than in microsomal fractions. The enzyme was protected by bovine serum albumin. Although Au3+ and Au+ were equipotent against Mg2+ ATPase, Au+ inhibited Na+ + K+ ATPase 2 to 3 times more effectively than did Au3+. The inhibitory action of Au3+ (but not Au+) was potentiated by ascorbic acid, suggesting reduction of Au3+ to Au+ by ascorbic acid. The fractional inhibition of Na+ + K+ ATPase by Au3+ or Au+ was not affected by changing concentrations of NaCl, KCl, MgCl2, ATP, and MgATP. Decreasing pH from 8.0 to 6.8 enhanced both Au+ and Au3+ inhibition. We conclude that gold is one of the most potent nonspecific of Na+ + K+ ATPase, with characteristics differing from other metallic inhibitors of this enzyme system.
Studies on the nucleation of monsodium urate at 37°C
Authors: Tak Hyon‐Ki , Cooper Sheldon M. , Wilcox William R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFactors influencing the nucleation of monosodium urate (NaHU) were studied with supersaturated solutions of sodium urate at physiologic conditions of temperature, pH, and ionic strength. Spontaneous nucleation of NaHU did not occur at urate concentrations of 5mM (84mg%) in the presence of 140 mM Na ion. Addition of synovial fluids from gout patients greatly enhanced nucleation, whereas fluids from degenerative joint disease patients moderately enhanced nucleation, and fluids from rheumatoid arthritis patients had only a slight effect. Hyaluronic acid and purines minimally enhanced urate crystallization, whereas other connective tissue components had no effect.
Myocarditis in mixed connective tissue disease
Authors: Whitlow Patrick L. , Gilliam James N. , Chubick Andrew , Ziff Morris 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA young black woman with clinical and serologic features of mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD) developed myocarditis with congestive heart failure and ventricular ectopic activity. Despite treatment with steroids and cyclophosphamide, progressive myocarditis resulted in death 20 months after cardiomegaly first developed. Necropsy findings in the myocardium included multiple areas of extensive lymphocytic infiltration and patches of fibrosis. Myocarditis has not previously been described in the adult with MCTD but may be an important complication in patients with a high titer of antibody to nuclear ribonucleoprotein.
Evaluation of a continuing education program in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Stross Jeoffrey K. , Bole Giles G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA continuing medical education (CME) program in rheumatoid arthritis was implemented and evaluated in six community hospitals. It was targeted at primary care physicians and utilized physicians identified by their peers as being educationally influential for the dissemination of content knowledge. Although inpatient and outpatient audits of physician records demonstrated little change in three control communities, substantial improvement in the utilization of diagnostic procedures and patient management was documented in the three intervention communities utilizing the influential physicians. CME delivered through community‐based educationally influential physicians is an effective way to change physician behavior in small communities with no prior ongoing educational programs. This approach should improve the primary care given to patients with rheumatoid arthritis and reduce the need for participation of academic faculty in traditional CME programs.
Familial discoid lupus erythematosus associated with heterozygote c2 deficiency
Authors: Belin Daniel C. , Bordwell Bonnie J. , Einarson Mindy E. , Mclean Robert H. , Weinstein Arthur , Yunis Edmond J. , Rothfield Naomi F. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTwo siblings with chronic discoid lupus erythematosus and several family members were found with heterozygous C2 deficiency. An association with histocompatibility markers HLA‐B 18 and HLA‐D w2 was demonstrated, and the slow allotype of factor B was present. Linkage studies in this family suggested a close linkage between the C2 deficiency gene and genes coding for B18, Dw2, and BfS antigens. One HLA‐A CB/DBF recombinant was observed showing closer linkage between HLA‐D and Bf than between HLA‐B and Bf.
Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis a comparison of patients from the ussr and usa
Authors: Baum John , Alekseev Lev S. , Brewer Earl J. , Dolgopolova Aleksandra V. , Mudholkar Govind S. , Patel Kartik 
Published: February 2007

AbstractJuvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) and the United States (USA) shows a remarkable similarity in age of disease onset, subtype onset, frequency, and most laboratory measurements. There is variation in the therapeutic approach with heavier reliance on aspirin in the USA. The evolution of JRA from onset subtype to final subtype over 5 years was the same in both groups and was independent of the type of therapy.
Bone histomorphometry in pacet's disease quantitative and dynamic analysis of pagetic and nonpagetic bone tissue
Authors: Meunier Pierre J. , Coindre Jean M. , Edouard Claude M. , Arlot Monique E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTransiliac bone biopsies from 136 untreated pagetic patients, taken from both pagetic (72 cases) and nonpagetic bone (64 cases), were quantitatively analyzed. Tetracycline double labeling analysis demonstrated that osteosclerosis of pagetic bone results from an overproduction of woven bone by the osteoblasts. Increased bone cell populations appeared as the consequence of an increased birthrate of the basic multicellular units. In 45% of patients biopsied in nonpagetic bone, there were prints of an increased bone remodeling attributed to a hyperparathyroidism secondary to the high calcium demand of pagetic bones.
Use of etidronate (ehdp) in paget's disease of bone
Authors: Johnston C. Conrad , Khairi M. R. A. , Meunier P. J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractEtidronate used in recommended doses (usually 5 mg/kg/day for 6 months) produces symptomatic improvement in approximately 60% of patients. The serum alkaline phosphatase and urinary hydroxyproline are reduced to about 50% of initial values. A sustained remission occurs in many patients and retreatment is usually effective upon relapse. The abnormally elevated osteoclast count and resorption surfaces are reduced, and at the low dose there is no accumulation of osteoid. The medication is generally well tolerated and at the recommended dosage there is no evidence of increased fracture rate.
Long‐term therapy of paget's disease of bone with ehdp
Authors: Siris Ethel S. , Canfield Robert E. , Jacobs Thomas P. , Baquiran Delia C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractForty patients with Paget's disease of bone were treated with intermittent courses of the diphosphonate, EHDP. Seven individuals had prolonged remissions after their initial course of therapy, nineteen responded to retreatment with 5 mg/kg of EHDP for 6 months of each year, while 14 patients required cycles of 20 mg/kg for 1 month of every 4. Improvement was indicated by alleviation of symptoms and reduction in serum alkaline phosphatase and urinary hydroxyproline. Data suggesting a possible role for parathyroid hormone in the expression of Paget's disease are also discussed.
Biochemical and clinical responses to dichloromethylene diphosphonate (cl2mdp) in paget's disease of bone
Authors: Douglas D. L. , Duckworth T. , Kanis J. A. , Preston C. , Beard D. J. , Smith T. W. D. , Underwood I. , Woodhead J. S. , Russell R. G. G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractDichloromethylene diphosphonate (Cl2MDP, or clodronate disodium) is one of the most potent of the known diphosphonates as an inhibitor of bone resorption and differs from EHDP in that it does not inhibit skeletal mineralization. It is one of the second generation diphosphonates now undergoing clinical evaluation. In the study described here Cl2MDP was given by mouth (800‐1600 mg/day for 6 months) to 35 patients with symptomatic Paget's disease of bone. Cl2MDP induced a marked fall in serum alkaline phosphatase and urinary hydroxyproline to normal or near normal values in all patients. This was accompanied by clinical improvement in all but 4 patients. Cl2MDP appears to be another effective oral drug for the treatment of Paget's disease of bone and compares favorably with the calcitonins and EHDP.
Impaired response to pneumococcal vaccine in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Jarrett Mark P. , Schiffman Gerald , Barland Peter , Grayzel Arthur I. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAn immunization proram with pneumococcal vaccine was carried out in 38 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Mean antibody levels at 1 month and 1 year were significantly lower than in normal controls. This decreased response did not correlate with drug therapy at the time of immunization. Other parameters such as anergy state, renal function, and serum immunoglobulin levels also did not correlate with antibody response. There were no adverse effects noted in the vaccinated group in comparison to matched non‐vaccinated SLE patients.
Effect of Psychological Stress on the Induction of Arthritis in Rats
Authors: Rogers Malcolm P. , Trentham David E. , Mccune W. Joseph , Ginsberg Barry I. , Rennke Helmut G. , Reich Peter , David John R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTo determine whether emotional states could influence susceptiblity to type II collagen‐induced arthritis in rats, we studied the effects of experimentally produced psychological stress on the clinical, histologic, and immunologic manifestations of this autoimmune disease. Stress, induced by exposure to a cat, abrogated the development of arthritis in rats immunized with type II collagen. The incidence of arthritis was also decreased in rats subjected to transportation and handling. These environmental factors dissociated the development of humoral and cellular sensitivity to collagen from the occurrence of arthritis. This study provides a unique demonstration that psychosomatic processes can influence an animal model of autoimmunity.
Erosive arthritis associated with apatite crystal deposition
Authors: Ralph Schumacher H , Miller Jeffrey L , Ludivico Charles , Jessar Ralph A 
Published: February 2007

AbstractApatite crystals can be associated with erosive arthritis. This report describes 3 such patients, 2 of whom had idiopathic apatite crystal deposition and 1 who had apatite related to renal failure and chronic dialysis. Diagnosis was delayed for several years in 1 patient. Roentgenograms showed calcifications in all patients. Synovial fluid had non‐birefringent chunks and globules suggestive of apatite. Diagnosis was established by electron microscopy in all 3 patients and verified by x‐ray diffraction in 2.
Measuring functional ability in chronic arthritis. a critical review
Authors: H Liang Matthew , M Jette Alan 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFunctional assessment instruments used in rheumatology are critically evaluated against five basic criteria: whether they allow for quantification, whether they have been tested for reliability, validity, and precision, and whether the data collection procedures are specified. No one instrument completely fulfills all criteria. Few adequately address the issues of measurement reliability and validity; none have sufficient measurement precision to detect subtle but clinically significant changes in function. Issues to be addressed in future research are discussed.
Successful treatment of sudden hearing loss in cogan's syndrome with corticosteroids
Authors: Haynes Barton F. , Pikus Anita , Kaiser‐Kupfer Muriel , Fauci Anthony S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractCogan's syndrome (CS) is the association of acute nonsyphilitic interstitial keratitis and acute episodes of vertigo, tinnitus, and hearing loss. We have prospectively followed 6 patients with CS who were treated within 4 weeks after the acute onset of hearing loss. Within 1 to 2 weeks after the initiation of cortico‐steroid therapy, all 6 patients demonstrated improved hearing thresholds for pure tones and supra‐threshold speech discrimination results. These patients have been followed an average of 2.5 years (range 0.25–9 years); all have only mild to moderate hearing impairment in the mid (1,000 to 2,000 Hz) and low (250 to 500 Hz) frequency sound ranges. Three of the patients have been tapered off steroids completely with no subsequent permanent decrement of hearing. Thus, early oral cortico‐steroid administration to patients with sudden hearing loss associated with Cogan's syndrome may preserve auditory function.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF ANTI–DOUBLE‐STRANDED DNA ANTIBODIES DETECTED BY A SOLID PHASE ENZYME IMMUNOASSAY
Authors: Miller Thomas E. , Lahita Robert G. , Zarro Vincent J. , Macwilliam Joanne , Koffler David 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA solid phase enzyme immunoassay (EIA) detected anti‐double‐stranded (ds) DNA antibodies in 88% of sera from patients classified clinically as having active systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) without renal symptoms and 93% with renal disease. Fifty‐six percent of sera from patients with inactive SLE were EIA positive for anti‐dsDNA antibodies. The EIA had a sensitivity and specificity comparable to radioimmunoassay (RIA) and hemagglutination for patients with active SLE with or without renal disease, but it detected anti‐dsDNA antibodies more frequently in patients with inactive SLE than the latter procedures. Precipitating antibodies detected by counterimmunoelectrophoresis (CIE) were less common in patients with renal disease (23% incidence) than clinically active patients without renal disease (79% incidence). Twenty‐four SLE sera with elevated levels of CIq binding showed a 96% concordance for a positive EIA for anti‐dsDNA antibodies in contrast to 66% concordance by RIA or hemagglutination. These findings suggest that the EIA is a sensitive and specific method for detection and measurement of anti‐dsDNA antibodies. Several clinical applications of the EIA are discussed.
STUDIES ON TYPE II COLLAGEN–INDUCED POLYARTHRITIS IN RATS. Effect of Antiinflammatory and Antirheumatic Agents
Authors: Sloboda Adolph E. , Birnbaum Jay E. , Oronsky Arnold L. , Kerwar S. S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe effect of a variety of antiinflammatory and antirheumatic agents on both developing and established lesions of type II collagen induced polyarthritis in rats was examined. Administration of the nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents indomethacin or phenylbutazone suppressed the paw inflammation associated with the disease without affecting type II collagen antibody titers. Radiographic analysis of the joints showed suppression of several parameters related to joint destruction. This was most probably related to the antiinflammatory properties of the two drugs. Administration of prednisolone, a steroidal antiinflammatory agent, suppressed paw inflammation; type II collagen antibody titers were significantly decreased in the developing lesion, but the drug had no effect on antibody titers in the established lesion. Radiographic analysis of the joints showed decreases in several parameters of joint destruction. Cyclophosphamide, an immuno‐suppressive agent, completely suppressed the inflammation associated with the developing lesion but had only minimal effect against the established disease. Collagen antibody titers were decreased and an improvement in only one radiologic parameter (periostitis) was detected. Treatment with antirheumatic agents such as gold thioglucose or levamisole enhanced severity of inflammation in the established lesion and caused increases in collagen antibody titers. Radiographic analysis of the joints indicated that while gold had no effect, levamisole enhanced joint destruction. Treatment with D‐penicillamine had no effect on paw inflammation, despite increases in collagen antibody titers. Radiographic analysis of the joints indicated an improvement in all parameters related to joint destruction in animals treated with penicillamine.
DNA/ANTI‐DNA complexes
Authors: Waller Steven J. , Taylor Ronald P. , Wright Eleanor L. , Morley Kathi W. , Johns Mark 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe hydrodynamic sizes of antibody/3H‐dsDNA immune complexes are correlated with their ability to fix complement in a red blood cell‐complement linked binding assay. The results with PM2 dsDNA and a sonicated preparation (with a molecular weight of approximately 5 . 105) suggest that packing considerations are also important in the complement binding reaction. The relevance of these findings with respect to the role of antibody/dsDNA immune complexes in the pathogenesis of glomerulonephritis in systemic lupus erythematosus is discussed.
Eosinophilic fasciitis
Authors: Kent Lawrence T. , Cramer Stewart F. , Moskowitz Roland W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTwo patients with clinical and pathologic features of eosinophilic fasciitis manifested serologic and systemic abnormalities that raised the question of the fundamental nature and relationship of eosinophilic fasciitis to scleroderma. In addition to the characteristic features of eosinophilic fasciitis, both patients exhibited arthritis, a predominantly mononuclear cell infiltration of muscles with normal serum muscle enzyme levels, weakly positive serum antinuclear factor, IgA deficiency, and abnormalities of pulmonary function. In addition, one patient had wide‐mouthed colonic diverticulae and synovial deposits consistent with amyloid; the second patient had bone marrow hypoplasia. Although corticosteroid therapy was of benefit, hydroxychloroquine and potassium para‐aminobenzoate were of further help in controlling the disorder. Biopsies from the two patients revealed inflammatory lesions to be heaviest deep in the skeletal muscle; fascia was only minimally inflamed with mild fibrosis. The findings suggest that striking fibroinflammatory lesions noted in the fascia in some patients with eosinophilic fasciitis may derive largely from spillover of lesions in neighboring skeletal muscle.