bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ALDOSTERONE- AND CORTISOL SECRETION RATES IN INFANTS AND CHILDREN WITH CONGENITAL ADRENAL HYPERPLASIA SUGGESTING DIFFERENT 21-HYDROXYLATION DEFECTS IN »SALT-LOSERS« AND »NON SALT-LOSERS«
Authors: Degenhart Herman J. , Visser Hendrick K. A. , Wilmink Rineke , Croughs Wim 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Aldosterone- and cortisol secretion rates were determined in nine infants and children with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (21-hydroxylation defects), three with the salt-losing type. Aldosterone secretion rates were determined before and after salt-deprivation for 4–6 days, using the double isotope dilution technique of Kliman & Peterson (1960). Cortisol secretion rates were determined before and on the third day of stimulation with ACTH-gel, 2 × 60 IU per day, using the method described by Cope & Black (1958).
Aldosterone secretion rates were normal in the »non salt-losers« (60–125 μg/24 h) and rose after salt-deprivation (100–380 μg/24 h). Extremely low values were found in the three patients with the salt-losing type (< 10 μg/24 h) and during salt-deprivation no increase was observed. Cortisol secretion rates before ACTH were in the normal range for all patients (4.2–34 mg/24 h; 12–33 mg/m2/24 h) except for one infant with the salt-losing type (< 0.5 mg/24 h). ACTH raised cortisol secretion rates in all »non salt-losers« (17–104 mg/24 h), but the increase was less than could be expected under normal conditions and the relative defect in the biosynthesis of cortisol was demonstrated in this way. Cortisol secretion rates after ACTH in the »salt-losers« were distinctly lower as compared with the »non salt-losers«.
»Salt-losing« and »non salt-losing« types of congenital adrenal hyperplasia as a result of 21-hydroxylation defects in the biosynthesis of cortisol and aldosterone represent two different genotypes. The results of these studies also suggest that both groups of patients represent biochemically two different types of the same disorder. This could be explained by two different genetically controlled changes in the 21-hydroxylation process, resulting in a different defect in the hydroxylation of progesterone and 17α-hydroxyprogesterone.
PROGESTIN AND NUCLEIC ACIDS CONTENT OF CORPORA LUTEA DURING MULTIPLE PREGNANCY IN BEEF CATTLE
Authors: Hafez E. S. E. , Estergreen V. L. , Foster R. J. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Forty-two nulliparous Hereford heifers were injected with PMS and HCG, bred, palpated per rectum to detect ovulation time and slaughtered at 3, 30, 45, 60, 75, or 90 days post ovulation. The ovaries were collected and the corpora lutea dissected, weighed, and analyzed for progesterone, pregn-4-en-20β-ol-3-one, DNA and RNA content. The corpora lutea of singly ovulating animals averaged 50 % heavier than the corpora of animals having multiple ovulations, but the total weight of luteal tissue was 2 to 9 times greater for those having multiple ovulations. Progesterone and total progestins per animal were significantly higher in the corpora lutea of cows that had multiple ovulations. The concentration of total progestins in the luteal tissue was significantly different between single and multiple ovulating heifers while progesterone concentration was not. The progesterone and total progestins in luteal tissue differed significantly with the highest levels at 30 to 45 days, and the lowest at 3 days. The concentration of DNA and RNA and the DNA/RNA ratio were not affected by the number of corpora lutea. The results were discussed in relation to foetal survival in multiple pregnancy in the bovine.
STUDIES ON GROWTH HORMONE SECRETION IN RATS WITH THE HYPOPHYSIS AUTOTRANSPLANTED TO THE KIDNEY CAPSULE
Authors: Hjalmarson Å. , Ahrén K. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The secretory capacity of the pituitary gland, autotransplanted to the kidney capsule, was studied with special regard to the secretion of growth hormone (GH). Body weight, body length, tibial epiphyseal width and the mammary gland development after testosterone stimulation were studied.
Body growth and tibial epiphyseal width were markedly reduced in the rats with transplanted hypophysis, but not as much as in the hypophysectomized controls. After injections of 0.25 mg testosterone propionate daily for 10 days, only a few groups of alveoli were seen in the mammary glands of the transplanted rats. These observations show that there is a considerable deficiency of GH in rats with the pituitary gland autotransplanted to the kidney capsule. However, the development of a few alveoli in the mammary glands is in favour of the theory that a small amount of GH is secreted from the transplanted pituitary tissue.
Injections of a purified vasopressin preparation (Pitressin) in the rats with autotransplanted hypophysis did not influence body growth, tibial epiphyseal width or mammary gland development. Further, no effect of Pitressin was seen on the tibial epiphyseal cartilage of rats with intact pituitary gland as has been reported by Del Vecchio et al. (1958) and Hiroshige & Itoh (1960). These experiments therefore do not support the view that vasopressin acts as a GH releasing factor.
SOME ASPECTS OF THE FUNCTION OF FSH- AND LH-LIKE HORMONES IN NORMAL AND HYPOPHYSECTOMIZED FEMALE RATS, IN CONNECTION WITH RESERPINE ADMINISTRATION
Authors: Grönroos M. , Mäkinen E. , Lahtinen K. , Tirri R. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The effect of reserpine on the secretion of FSH and LH was studied as well as the role of the peripheral effect of reserpine after hypophysectomy.
The results in the unoperated animals suggest that reserpine inhibits the pituitary secretion of both FSH and LH. Both these hormones combined with reserpine had a very different biological effect than was seen without reserpine. HCG (LH-like) and particularly PMS (FSH-like) hormones combined with reserpine caused definite enlargement of the ovaries.
In the hypophysectomized groups, the effect of the PMS and HCG hormones administered together with reserpine or without it was the same with regard to the weight of the ovaries, but not with regard to their histological picture. On the basis of these results, reserpine may be said to have a peripheral effect although the nature of its mechanism of action is difficult to state. Reserpine probably affects the ovaries by inhibiting the follicular cycle and, consequently, the formation of new and more mature follicles.
STUDIES WITH GLUCOSE 6-PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE FROM HUMAN PLACENTA
Authors: Betz George , Warren James C. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.49) has been purified from the supernatant fraction of human placenta. Pregnenolone and dehydroepiandrosterone are inhibitors of a non-competitive type, with respect to NADP+. 17β-oestradiol was an inhibitor of the reaction but only at high concentrations (2 · 10−5 m). 17α-oestradiol at the same concentration was a more potent inhibitor. Several other steroids, both natural and synthetic, were inactive as inhibitors even at 10−5 m. The stability of the enzyme was increased by concentration and by the presence of NADP+ and NADPH at physiologic concentrations. Removal of bound NADP+ caused inactivation which could be almost completely reversed by exposure to physiologic levels of NADP+ (10−5 m). This cofactor induced reactivation was not retarded by 17β-oestradiol, 17α-oestradiol, or dehydroepiandrosterone at 10−5 m. These observations militate against inactivation of placental glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase as an important mechanism of steroid action in vivo.
ANTIOESTROGENIC ACTIVITY IN FAHLI CLOVER HAY AND OAT HAY
Authors: Adler J. H. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The presence of oestrogen inhibitory activity in oat hay (Avena sativa) and Fahli clover hay (Trifolium alexandrinum var. Fahli) has been established.
The antioestrogenic effect was demonstrated by the inhibition of uterine weight increase in rats (Astwood test) in response to oestradiol injected together with the above mentioned plant extracts.
The extraction procedures are described in detail and the possible biological implications of antioestrogenic and oestrogenic activity in fodder plants is discussed.
A PRACTICAL METHOD FOR ESTIMATION OF URINARY PREGNANEDIOL AND ALLOPREGNANEDIOL USING THIN LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY
Authors: Sulimovici S. , Lunenfeld B. , Shelesnyak M. C. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A method is described for the assay of urinary pregnanediol and allopregnanediol which employs acid hydrolysis of pregnanediol glucuronide, ascending thin-layer chromatography and spectrophotometric quantitation of the eluted pregnanediol and allopregnanediol. The reliability of the method was established by analysis of infra-red and UV absorption spectra, melting point determination, recovery experiments, duplicate assays and comparison with the Klopper method. The method has advantages in that it is rapid and requires small urine samples.
THE CORPUS LUTEUM-HYPOPHYSIS RELATIONSHIP.
Authors: Rothchild Irving 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The effect of LH on the corpora lutea of adult hypophysectomized rats bearing autotransplanted hypophyses was studied. Treatment with LH or with control solutions was begun two weeks after operation, and continued for 10 or 24 days. The effect on luteal size was determined mainly from the weights of the corpora, while the effect on the maintenance of progesterone secretion was determined from the response of the vagina and uterus to 3 injections of oestradiol benzoate (EB) of 50 μg each.
Ten days of LH treatment induced a significant reduction in the size of the corpora and the degree of progesterone secretion. FSH had the opposite effect; boiling LH destroyed the effect. The degree of luteolysis was directly related to the dose of LH. Luteolysis was not due to discontinuation of treatment, since it occurred to the same extent, regardless of whether the rats were observed 9 days after cessation of treatment, or were continuously treated for 24 days and autopsied on the day after the last treatment. The corpora of both control and LH-treated rats tested with EB were larger than those of equivalent rats not tested with EB.
The specificity of the effect, and its possible mechanism and relationship to naturally occurring luteolysis were discussed.
THE CORPUS LUTEUM-HYPOPHYSIS RELATIONSHIP.
Authors: Rothchild Irving , Schwartz Neena B. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The corpora lutea of pseudopregnant rats reached their approximate maximum size by 14 days, and were in well advanced regression by 28 days, after ovulation. Progesterone treatment (2, 5 or 10 mg/day) did not affect luteal growth, and progesterone treatment, either alone or combined with hypophyseal homotransplantation, did not prevent luteal regression. In hypophysectomized rats bearing hypophyseal autotransplants, however, progesterone treatment was not associated with luteal regression. In the progesterone-treated intact pseudopregnant rats, the maintenance of follicle growth, the presence of vaginal mucification, and the maintenance of hypophyseal LH potency at a level equivalent to that of cyclic rats at prooestrus, indicated that at least a basal rate of LH secretion was probably maintained. Treatment of pseudopregnant rats with 5 μg oestradiol/day for 28 days reduced the incidence of luteal regression only to 69 %, and with 20 μg/day to 60 %, although treatment with 50 μg/day reduced it to 11 %. Pseudopregnant rats, bearing one or two hypophyseal homotransplants, treated for 28 days with oestradiol (5 μg/day), showed a partial (one transplant) or complete (two transplants) maintenance of luteal growth. There was a direct relationship between luteal size and the duration of dioestrus. LH secretion, as judged by the growth of follicles, and hypophyseal LH potency, was markedly depressed by oestradiol (5 μg/day) treatment.
The combination of oestradiol (5 μg/day) with progesterone (2, 5, or 10 mg/day) treatment for 28 days maintained luteal growth in almost 100 % of the rats (30/31 rats). LH secretion was apparently depressed as much as with oestradiol treatment alone. LH treatment (5 μg/day or more) of oestradiol-progesterone treated rats induced luteal regression uniformly. The combined hormone treatment did not maintain luteal growth in hypophysectomized rats. The extent to which these results support the possibility that progesterone can maintain LTH secretion was discussed.
METABOLISM OF 17β-OESTRADIOL-4-14C IN EARLY INFANCY
Authors: Hagen A. A. , Barr M. , Diczfalusy E. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The urinary metabolites of intramuscularly administered 17β-oestradiol-4-14C were studied in three infants born with multiple malformations.
Of the radioactive material recovered from the urine less than 5 per cent was in an ether-soluble (»free«) form. Following enzyme hydrolysis, an average of 46 per cent became ether-extractable. Of the remaining material all but some 2 per cent was butanol-soluble.
The pattern of urinary metabolites was similar in all subjects. Oestrone, 17β-oestradiol and possibly 2-methoxyoestrone accounted for less than 5 per cent of the total urinary radioactive material. Oestriol, 16α-hydroxyoestrone and 16-oxo-17β-oestradiol comprised an important group of metabolites, representing together some 20 per cent of the total. However, the quantitatively most important metabolite was a hydroxylation product somewhat more polar than 2-hydroxyoestriol. This compound accounted for 16 per cent of the total.
It is concluded that the metabolism of 17β-oestradiol in early infancy is characterized by extensive hydroxylation reactions. This pattern of metabolism may indicate one of the mechanisms by which the foetus is protected against steroids with high biological activity.
ÖSTROGENBESTIMMUNG IM HARN BEI GEBURTSHILFLICHEN FRAGEN IM VERGLEICH ZU ANDEREN DIAGNOSTISCHEN METHODEN
Authors: Georgakopoulos P. A. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The urinary excretion of oestriol during normal pregnancy has been determined with Ittrich's direct method (i.e. without extraction). The mean excretion curve and the limits of the normal variations are presented. The diagnostic significance of oestriol estimation is compared with other diagnostic methods in various common obstetrical problems. The comparison between the urinary oestriol concentration and amnioscopy findings in 9 cases of postmaturity shows that the oestriol estimation gives a better forecast of subsequent events. Levels of oestriol excretion below 2 mg/d in the last trimester of pregnancy indicated foetal death in utero in 9 cases in which the radiological signs were absent. These were present in 2 other cases in which the normal levels of oestriol concentration indicated an undisturbed pregnancy. In 10 suspected cases of missed abortion the values of oestriol excretion proved to be in agreement with the results of the immunologic Pregnosticon and Ortho pregnancy tests. In 6 other cases in which there was disagreement the oestriol values reflected the placental activity more accurately. The cause of the disagreement has been investigated. The practical advantages of Ittrich's method are evaluated.
THE INFLUENCE OF A SINGLE HIGH DOSE OF OESTRADIOL BENZOATE ON THE ICSH-CONTENT IN THE SERUM OF GONADECTOMIZED MALE AND FEMALE RATS
Authors: Swelheim T. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A single injection of 50 μg oestradiol benzoate, administered at 11 a.m. to adult female rats which had been spayed 14 days previously and had since been treated with 0.5 μg oestradiol benzoate daily, led to an increase in the ICSH-content of the serum, which was determined 29 hours after the injection. In an identical experimental design a decrease in the ICSH-content of the serum was found in adult male rats. ICSH-determinations were carried out by the ventral prostate assay. A stimulating effect upon the ventral prostate of oestrogen present in the serum used for the above determinations was excluded. At the time when the changes in the serum were established, there were no demonstrable changes in the ICSH-content of the anterior pituitary gland in both sexes. The existence of a fundamental sex difference in the response to a single high dose of oestrogen is suggested.
THE THYMOLYTIC ACTIVITY OF 6- AND 9-HALOCORTICOIDS AND RELATED STEROIDS
Authors: Dorfman Ralph I. , Holton P. G. , Kind Fred A. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Adrenalectomized rats were used for the determination of the relative potency of various 6- and 9-halo substituted corticoids administered subcutaneously or by gavage using thymus weightas the endpoint. By subcutaneous injection, fluocinolone acetonide was the most active corticoid at 700 times that of cortisol. This compound was also the most active corticoid by the gavage route and was judged to be 570 times as active as the standard cortisol.
The introduction of the 16,17-acetonide and 16,17-acetone 21-acetate groups into 17α,21-dihydroxy-9α,11β-dichloropregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione increased the activity by a factor of 42 and 100, respectively. The introduction of the δ1 double bond into 6α-fluoroprogesterone 16,17-acetonide caused an increase of 10-fold in thymolytic activity assessed by the subcutaneous route
EINFACHE FRAKTIONIERUNG FREIER ZIMMERMANN-CHROMOGENE BEI NICHTSCHWANGEREN UND SCHWANGEREN FRAUEN
Authors: Dässler C.-G. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The excretion of free 17-ketosteroids has been studied in 10 pregnant and 10 nonpregnant women. Urine extracts were chromatographed on silicagel and separated in C19O2- and C19O3-steroids, as described by Goldzieher & Axelrod (1962). The excretion values remained relatively constant in the two groups and in one patient with severe toxaemia. The results indicate that the excretion of free 17-ketosteroids does not reflect the known metabolic changes of adrenal hormones in pregnancy. – A female patient with tumour of the adrenals showed a 27-fold increase in the C19O2-fraction and a 10-fold increase in the C19O3-fraction.
ON THE ANTIDIURETIC ACTIVITY OF PHE2-LYS8-VASOPRESSIN IN THE RAT
Authors: Nielsen Aage Theil 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The antidiuretic activity of phe2-lys8-vasopressin and lysine vasopressin was compared in experiments on hydrated rats. Doses were expressed in pressor units according to the labelled potency of commercial preparations. With either of two techniques, 1) intravenous injection into rats under ethanol anaesthesia and 2) subcutaneous injection into conscious rats, phe2-lys8-vasopressin was the more potent. Using technique 2), the estimated relative potency was about 3. The discrepancy between this and previous results of other investigators who found phe2-lys8-vasopressin less active in antidiuretic tests, is probably due to the use of different strains of rats.
SECRETION OF FSH AND LH IN THE PSEUDOPREGNANT RAT
Authors: van Rees G. P. , de Groot C. A. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The pituitary LH- and FSH-content was estimated in rats made pseudopregnant by electrical stimulation of the cervix uteri; serum FSH was also estimated. An increase in both FSH- and LH-content was found, which was largest in the pituitary glands collected on the 7th day of pseudopregnancy. A similar increase in pituitary LH-content could be induced in normal adult female rats by a course of injections of 5 mg of progesterone daily. Serum FSH-levels did not show any clear-cut changes during pseudopregnancy, but rose at the end of it. In the discussion a connection is made between the similarity of the result of progesterone treatment and pseudopregnancy on one hand and between the ovulation-inhibiting effect of progesterone and its ability to increase pituitary FSH-and LH-levels on the other.
THE ACTION OF SERUM GONADOTROPHIN ON GLUTAMIC-OXALACETIC TRANSAMINASE IN THE RAT OVARY
Authors: Eckstein B. , Paster Z. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The mechanism by which glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase (GOT) activity is increased in the rat ovary, following gonadotrophin treatment, was studied. It was found:
Differential centrifugation of ovarian homogenate showed that there was an increased enzyme activity in the supernatant fraction. The GOT located in the mitochondrial fraction could be activated in vitro by incubating this fraction for several hours. Such treatment did not alter the activity of the enzyme in the supernatant fraction. Electrophoretic separation of the subcellular fractions showed the presence of the same two isoenzymes both in the mitochondrial and in the supernatant fractions. Only small amounts of the fast moving isoenzyme (GOT II) were present in the supernatant fraction, while the difference in quantity between the two isoenzymes in the mitochondria was less marked. Gonadotrophin stimulation intensified only the slow moving enzyme (GOT I) in the supernatant. Examination of the electrophoretic mobility of the enzyme released by the mitochondria into the incubation medium after in vitro activation showed that only GOT I was released by this treatment. The apparent Km for both L-aspartate as well as for α-ketoglutarate in the supernatant fraction remained unaltered by gonadotrophin stimulation, while the apparent Km were changed in the mitochondrial fraction of the hormone treated rats.
These observations led to the hypothesis that gonadotrophin stimulation activates GOT in the rat ovary by transfering a latent mitochondrial GOT to the cell sap.
In previous publications from this laboratory (Eckstein & Shain 1963; Eckstein 1963; and others), it was reported that gonadotrophins with follicle stimulating activity considerably enhance the glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase (GOT) activity in the rat ovary, while purified LH (NIH-LH-Sl) is inactive in this respect.
Isoenzymes* of GOT have been reported for a great variety of organs (Boyd 1961, 1962; Katunuma 1962; Decker & Rau 1963; Fleisker et al. 1960; Augustinsson & Erne 1961). It has been shown (Boyd 1961), that two forms of GOT in the liver can be separated by differential centrifugation. One form adheres to the mitochondria, while the second enzyme is found in the soluble fraction. These two isoenzymes differ in their substrate affinities, pH dependance and electrophoretic mobility. The GOT in the mitochondria is in a latent form, and can be activated by release into the soluble fraction.
The following experiments show that the rat ovary also contains at least two GOT isoenzymes; and that serum gonadotrophin (PMS) probably activates GOT by the release of one enzyme form from the mitochondria into the soluble fraction.
PROGESTERONE AND PROGESTATIONAL COMPOUNDS IN THE TREATMENT OF ADVANCED ENDOMETRIAL CARCINOMA
Authors: Bergsjö Per 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Various doses of progesterone in oil and of two progestational compounds (17α-hydroxy-19-nor-progesterone caproate and 17α-hydroxyprogesterone p-butoxyphenyl propionate) have been given to 15 patients with recurrent and/or metastatic endometrial adenocarcinoma and to one patient with metastatic cervical adenocarcinoma, for periods of up to 27 weeks. Regression of lung metastases was noted in 4 of 13 patients, softening of pelvic tumour in 2 of 4, and histological alterations of tumour tissue in 4 of 5 patients. In the patient with metastases from a cervical adenocarcinoma, the disease progressed during the treatment. The significance of the observations is discussed.