bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCING OF HLA‐DQ GENE SECOND EXONS IN CHINESE HOMOZYGOUS CELLS
Authors: Wang* Y. , Lu P. , Zhou K. , Clay T. , Wood N. , Bradley B. , Bidwell J. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYSix HLA class I and class II‐homozygous Chinese cell lines with unique HLA‐Dw types were studied. Since the majority of HLA class II nucleotide sequence polymorphism is localized within the second exons of the genes, we used the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to amplify these regions in HLA‐DQA and DQB genes and subsequently determined the nucleotide sequences. No unique DQA1 or DQB1 alleles were found. However, a new haplotype of DQA1*601‐DQB1*0301‐DRB1*1202 was found in two cells; and DQA1*03011 was found in association with DR9 in another two cells. This indicates that new DR‐DQ associations may explain the observed new HLA‐Dw types. The DQB2 sequences were identical in all six cells and were identical to a sequence previously reported in a DR6 haplotype. The DQA2 sequences from two clones obtained from two cells differed from each other and from previously reported sequences. The results show that the DQA1 and DQB1 alleles in the Chinese individuals studied are as previously reported in Caucasian populations and as such may be typed by restriction fragment‐length polymorphism (RFLP) or PCR‐sequence‐specific oligonucleotide typing (PCR‐SSO) or PCR‐RFLP using conventional probe or restriction enzyme sets.
POLYGENIC INFLUENCES ON THE LENGTH OF OESTROUS CYCLES IN INBRED MICE INVOLVE MHC ALLELES*
Authors: Lerner S. P. , Anderson C. P. , Harrison D. E. , Walford R. L. , Finch C. E. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYGenetic influences on female reproductive cycles were analysed in histocompatibilitycongenic strains of mice. Oestrous cycles of young, virgin mice of inbred‐congenic strains, hybrid crosses (F1, and parental‐hybrid backcrosses (F2) were monitored for 3 months. Oestrous cycles were categorized by length (inter‐oestrous interval): 4,5,6, or 7–14 days. Mice with the following H‐2 haplotypes had a greater proportion of 5‐day oestrous cycles: H‐2b, H‐2r, H‐2h2, H‐2h4, and H‐2i5. In contrast, the H‐2k and H‐2d haplotypes had mostly 4‐day oestrous cycles. Influences of H‐2 haplotype were seen on two genetic backgrounds, C57BL/10Sn and C3H. Non‐H‐2 alleles were also implied by different patterns of cycles between strains with the same H‐2b haplotype: C57BL/10Sn with predominantly 5‐day cycles vs. C57BL/6J with a mix of 4‐ and 5‐day cycles.The genetic basis for strain differences was investigation in F1 hybrids and their backcrosses. F1 hybrids of an H‐2b (C57BL/10Sn; 5‐day cycles) and an H‐2k (B10.BR; 4‐day cycles) strain had mostly 5‐day cycles, indicating dominance of an H‐2b allele(s). However, F1 hybrids from the reciprocal B6 × B10 cross (both H‐2b) also display a preponderance of 5‐day cycles, indicating dominance of a non‐H‐2 autosomal allele from the C57BL/10Sn strain. Among F2 mice, a ‘4‐day’ phenotype segregated with homozygosity for the k haplotype (P < 0.05, χ2). These findings demonstrate the influence of genetic differences at the major histocompatibility complex on oestrous cycles.
C5 DEFICIENCY IN A/J MICE IS NOT ASSOCIATED WITH RESISTANCE TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF SECONDARY AMYLOIDOSIS
Authors: Coutinho M. , Zahedi K. , Whitehead A. S. , Davis A. E. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYThe aim of the study was to determine whether C5 deficiency in the mouse is associated with resistance to the development of secondary amyloidosis. Chronic inflammation was induced in the F2 progeny, derived from matings between amyloid‐susceptible and amyloid‐resistance mice, by daily injections of azocasein for thirty days. Using a restriction fragment length polymorphism generated by digestion of genomic DNA with the restriction enzyme HindIII, C5 sufficient and deficient DNA can be clearly differentiated. Eight mice were found to be C5 sufficient, 32 were heterozygotes and 14 were found to be C5 deficient. Grading of the splenic amyloid load from negative to 4+ was performed after staining tissue squashes with Congo red and viewing them under a polarizing microscope. Seventeen mice were noted to have negative to trace, 18 had moderate (1+‐2+) and 19 had heavy (3 H+‐4+) amyloid deposition. There was no correlation between splenic amyloid load and C5 deficiency. Based on these results it is clear that C5 deficiency and resistance to secondary amyloidosis are not associated.
HLA‐DRB1* GENE SEQUENCES IN HLA‐DR4 POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE PATIENTS WITH RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS
Authors: Becking A. , Pluschke G. , Krawinkel U. , Melchers I. , Peter H.H. , Lang B. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYThe second exon of the DRB1 gene encoding for the first domain of the HLA‐DR β‐chain was sequenced in 16 patients (10 DR4/DR1 positive, 6 DR4/DR1 negative) with seropositive rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We could confirm the strong association of susceptibility to RA with functionally equivalent conformations on otherwise distinct MHC molecules. At least one HLA‐DR allele in all of the analysed DR4 or DR1 positive patients showed such an epitope with a minimal variability limited to residue 71.However, in HLA‐DR4 and ‐DR1 negative patients such a similar epitope could not be detected.
Lp(a) LIPOPROTEIN AND HLA‐DR GENOTYPE IN EARLY CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE
Authors: Dahlén G.H. , Slunga L. , Holmlund G. , Langö A. , Lindblom B. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYThe interest in Lp(a) lipoprotein [Lp(a)] has increased dramatically during the last few years due to the documented strong association between high Lp(a) levels and early atherosclerosis and its sequelae and the probable additional thrombogenic effect of inherited high Lp(a) levels.However, some paradoxes still remain to be solved in Lp(a) research. This pilot study was performed to test whether some criteria could be found for an association between Lp(a) levels, HLA genotype, and early coronary heart disease. If so, it could help to explain why some individuals with high Lp(a) levels get atherosclerosis while others with comparable lipid levels do not. It would also indicate that immunological processes could be involved in Lp(a) associated atherosclerosis.In this case‐control study the HLA‐DR genotypes 13 or 17 were significantly more frequently encountered in 30 male patients with early coronary heart disease than in 30 sex and age matched healthy controls (P = 0.012). These HLA‐DR specificities were especially frequent in male patients with high Lp(a) levels. The same HLA‐DR genotype pattern was not seen in 30 female patients, although there was a trend towards more frequent 13a genotype.
SHARED EPITOPES OF THE HLA‐DR10 MOLECULE RECOGNIZED BY MURINE AND HUMAN mAbs
Authors: PISTILLO M.P. , SUN P.F. , MANTERO S. , FERRARA G.B. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYIn order to produce mAbs directed specifically against HLA‐DR10 molecule, transfected mouse L cells, expressing the DRB 1*1001 allele, were used to immunize C3H mice over a period of 4 weeks. Two mAbs, 2C12 and 4B6, derived from this fusion were found to recognize, with different affinity, polymorphic epitopes of DR10 that are shared with DR1, 3, 7, and 9. These mAbs were screened on a large panel of homozygous B lymphoblastoid cell lines using microlymphocytotoxicity and the results were confirmed by flow cytometry. The reactive pattern of 2C12 and 4B6 was compared to that of MP10 human mAb also recognizing the DR10 specificity in addition to DR1, 2 and 9.Based on serologic specificity and cellular absorption experiments, we conclude that the epitopes the murine and human mAbs respectively recognize on the DR10 molecule, are probably different.
MULTIPLEX ARMS‐RFLP: A SIMPLE AND RAPID METHOD FOR HLA‐DR4 SUBTYPING
Authors: Jawaheer D. , Ollier W. E. R. , Thomson W. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYWe have developed a simple and rapid non‐radioactive technique for HLA‐DR4 subtyping. A multiplex ARMS‐RFLP (Amplification Refractory Mutation System – Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism) system allows HLA‐DR4 subtyping by analysis of the products of two multiplex ARMS reaction mixtures. For some cases, restriction enzyme digests (Hae II and/or Sac II) of the products are analysed. The technique relies on the fact that an ARMS primer with a mismatch at its 3′‐end with respect to the template will not be elongated under PCR conditions. Hence, by designing ARMS primers such that different HLA‐DR4 alleles yield PCR products of different lengths, only two reactions, each using a mixture of different ARMS primers, are sufficient to type all of the known HLA‐DR4 alleles. This system can distinguish between HLA‐DR4 ‘homozygotes’ and ‘heterozygotes’ since every HLA‐DR4 allele can be detected. The ARMS conditions were optimized using DNA from cell lines. This technique has now been used to type a panel of rheumatoid arthritis patients and controls.
PHENOTYPE DISTRIBUTION OF THE THIRD COMPONENT OF COMPLEMENT (C3) AND OF THE PROPERDIN B FACTOR (BF) IN CHILDREN WITH MUMPS MENINGITIS
Authors: Halasa J. , Kacprzak‐Beroman I. , Maǹczak M. , Schlesinger D. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYThe C3 and BF phenotype frequencies were studied in children with mumps meningitis. No significant differences were found between this group and other groups; children with mumps without meningitis and healthy children.
OCCURRENCE OF CAPRINE LEUCOCYTE CLASS I AND II ANTIGENS IN SAANEN GOATS AFFECTED BY CAPRINE ARTHRITIS (CAE)
Authors: Ruff G. , Regli J.G. , Lazary S. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYThe distribution of CLA class I and II antigens in CAE virus‐infected, diseased and healthy Saanen goats has been investigated. Three class I antigens and two class II antigens showed a statistically different frequency in the two groups.
HLA‐DR AND ‐DQB1 GENOTYPING IN A CHINESE POPULATION
Authors: Zhao Y.P. , Yang J.Q. , Ge Y. , Fan L.A. , Loiseau P. , Colombani J. 
Published: April 2007

Using molecular biological methods, 58 unrelated Chinese from Shanghai were typed for HLA‐DR and DQ. The Shanghai population possesses the principal HLA‐DR and DQ characteristics of the oriental populations but with an increase of the DRB1* 12 allele.So HLA typing of populations appears to be important not only for anthropological studies but also for transplantations and HLA associations with diseases.
A SHARED HLA‐DRB1 SEQUENCE CONFERS RA SUSCEPTIBILITY IN GREEKS
Authors: Carthy D. , Ollier W. , Papasteriades C. , Pappas H. , Thomson W. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYPrevious serological studies of Greek rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients have failed to demonstrate an association with DR4. Using sequence specific oligonucleotide typing we have identified the DRB1 alleles in panels of Greek RA patients and controls.When patient and control HLA‐DRB1 frequencies were compared, significantly higher frequencies of DRBl*0101 (23.3% vs. 7.0%, odds ratio [OR] 4.0, 95% confidence intervals [CI] 1.4‐12.0) and DRB1 *1001 (20.9% vs. 5.8%, OR 4.3,95% CI 1.3‐13.7) were found in RA patients compared with controls. No association of DRB1*04 with RA was observed (20.9% vs. 14.0% in controls) confirming earlier reports. However DRB1*04 subtyping demonstrated a small but significant increase of DRB1*0405 in patients (14.0% vs. 3.5%, OR 4.5, 95% CI 1.1‐18.9).When the frequency of individuals carrying the shared RA susceptibility epitope was compared between patients and controls it was found to be significantly higher in RA patients (60.5% vs. 22.1%, OR 5.4, 95% CI 2.4‐12.0). We conclude that the shared epitope is significantly associated with RA in this population, but that it is predominantly accounted for by DRB 1*0101 and DRB1*1001.Previous studies of UK RA patients have demonstrated a negative association of DR2 with disease and articular erosions. HLA‐DR2 variants, DRB1*1501 and *1502 are not at reduced frequency in Greek RA patients (DRB1*7507, 14.0% in patients vs. 7.0% in controls; DRB1*1502, 7.0% in patients vs. 7.0% in controls). Genes conferring RA resistance may be in linkage disequilibrium with DR2 in UK patients. This does not appear to be the case in Greek RA patients.No association was seen between RA and HLA‐DPB1 type.
THE INDUCIBLE FORM OF NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE (NOS2) ISOLATED FROM MURINE MACROPHAGES MAPS NEAR THE NUDE MUTATION ON MOUSE CHROMOSOME 11
Authors: Mock B. A. , Krall M. M. , Byrd L. G. , Chin H. , Barton C. H. , Charles I. , Liew F. Y. , Blackwell J. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYNitric oxide synthase has been shown to mediate streptozocin‐induced diabetes and to act as an antimicrobial agent in murine macrophages. Using a cDNA probe for the inducible form of nitric oxide synthase (Nos2) isolated from murine macrophages we have determined that the gene maps within 1 cM of the nude mutation on mouse Chromosome 11. The position of Nos2 was also mapped relative to the markers 115, Evi 2, Cchlbl (previously unmapped), and Gfap. This map location is discussed relative to map locations for disease susceptibility loci involved in mediating cutaneous leishmaniasis (Sell) and autoimmune type‐I diabetes (Idd4).
POLYMORPHISM OF BOVINE MHC CLASS I GENES. JOINT REPORT OF THE FIFTH INTERNATIONAL BOVINE LYMPHOCYTE ANTIGEN (BoLA) WORKSHOP, INTERLAKEN, SWITZERLAND, 1 AUGUST 1992
Authors: Davies C. J. , Joosten I. , Bernoco D. , Arriens M. A. , Bester J. , Ceriotti G. , Ellis S. , Hensen E. J. , Hines H. C. , Horin P. , Kristensen B. , Lewin H. A. , Meggiolaro D. , Morgan A. L. G. , Morita M. , Nilsson Ph.R. , Oliver R. A. , Orlova A. , ØStergarrd H. , Park C. A. , Schuberth H.‐J. , Simon M. , Spooner R. L. , Stewart J. A. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYThe objectives of the Fifth International BoLA Workshop were to: standardize nomenclature, compare typing methods, and characterize BoLA haplotypes. The workshop was based on the distribution of blood samples (cells) from 60 selected cattle to 14 laboratories. Results for the class I (BoLA‐A) region are presented in this paper while results for the class II regions are presented in a separate report. Thirty‐six of the 50 previously established serological class I specificities were represented in the cell panel. However, only 30 specificities could be confirmed. Two specificities, A16 and A32, were upgraded from provisional, workshop (w) specificities to BoLA‐A locus specificities and three new specificities, w51(w28), w52 and w53(w28), were defined. The 39 specificities distinguished 30 class I haplotypes in the 60 animals. Class I isoelectric focusing proved to be a useful adjunct to the serology. Isoelectric focusing confirmed several serologically defined splits and detected splits of A15(A8), A18(A6) and A22(w49) that had not been detected by serology. Subsequently, serological support for splits of A15(A8) and A22(w49) was found.
INDICATIONS OF AN AUTOIMMUNE COMPONENT IN LP(a) ASSOCIATED DISORDERS
Authors: Dahlén G. H. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYThe exceptionally strong independent association found between Lp(a) lipoprotein [Lp(a)] levels and atherosclerotic disorders indicate that Lp(a) is a factor of considerable importance in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. The association between Lp(a) and diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis and renal diseases suggest that Lp(a) may be involved in immunological mechanisms.Lp(a) has a great tendency to aggregate and bind to glucosaminoglycans, fibrin and fibronectin and is preferentially retained in the extracellular matrix during development of atherosclerosis and is in vitro phagocytosed by macrophages, probably as small aggregates. It was previously found that the Lp(a) level is significantly related to the HLA class II genotype in male patients with early coronary artery disease. In this paper additional results of interleukin determinations in relation to HLA type and Lp(a) levels are presented and discussed. It is suggested that an autoimmune process, perhaps triggered by a concomitant intracellular infection may occur, especially in patients with inherited high Lp(a) levels in combination with certain inherited HLA class II genotypes.
IMMUNOGENETIC ANALYSIS OF SUCCESSFUL AND REJECTED BONE MARROW GRAFTS WITHIN ONE FAMILY*
Authors: Martinez O. P. , Witt C. S. , Tay G. , Christiansen F. T. , Dawkins R. L. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYWe report the case of an Indonesian patient who required urgent bone marrow transplantation for acute leukaemia and who received successive transplants from two siblings. The first transplant failed while the second was successful. There were some uncertainties in serological typing due to the presence of cross‐reacting HLA‐B alleles, lack of paternal typing and the use of Caucasoid sera for Indonesian patients. Distinction between the two donors was also difficult. Interestingly, the use of a new DNA technique identified the presence of differences between the patient and the first unsuccessful donor but not the second successful donor.
HLA‐DQB1‘LOW‐RESOLUTION’ TYPING BY PCR AMPLIFICATION WITH SEQUENCE‐SPECIFIC PRIMERS (PCR‐SSP)
Authors: Aldener‐Cannavá A. , Olerup O. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYIn the study described here primers were designed for DQB1‘low‐resolution’, i.e. generic, typing by PCR amplification with sequence‐specific primers (PCR‐SSP) considering all the currently recognized DQB 1 alleles, i.e. 0501‐0504.0601‐0609,0201,0301‐0305 and 0401‐0402. This resolution was achieved by performing eight PCR reactions per individual. The DQB1 alleles corresponding to the serological specificities DQ4, DQ5 and DQ6 were uniquely identified, whereas the DQ2. DQ7, DQS and DQ9 specificities were amplified by two primer mixes. All homozygous and heterozygous combinations of the serological series DQI to DQ9 could be distinguished. The yield of amplified products were increased compared to our previously described DQB1‘high‐resolution’ typing technique by lengthening many of the primers, modifying the PCR cycling parameters and by including glycerol in the PCR reaction mixtures. Thirty‐one cell lines and 90 donor spleen cells were investigated by the DQB1‘low‐resolution’ PCR‐SSP technique as well as by Taq1 DRB‐DQA‐DQB RFLP analysis. The concordance between PCR‐SSP typing and RFLP analysis was 100%. The cell lines and 20 of the spleen cells were typed twice with complete reproducibility. No false positive or false negative typing results were obtained. DQB1‘low‐resolution’ PCR‐SSP typing, including DNA extraction, PCR amplification, gel detection, documentation and interpretation, were performed in 2 h which renders the PCR‐SSP technique suitable also for the genotyping of cadaveric organ donors.
HLA CLASS II REGION NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCES, 1994
Authors: Marsh S. G. E. , Bodmer J. G. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYThe HLA class II region sequences included in this compilation are taken from publications listed in the papers: Nomenclature for factors of the HLA system, 1994 (Bodmer et al., 1994), Nomenclature for factors of the HLA system, 1991 (Bodmer et al., 1992), Nomenclature for factors of the HLA system, 1990 (Bodmer et al., 1991) and Nomenclature for factors of the HLA system, 1989 (Bodmer et al., 1990). Where discrepancies have arisen between reported sequences, the original authors have been contacted where possible, and necessary amendments to published sequences have been incorporated into this alignment. Future sequencing may identify errors in this list and we would welcome any evidence that helps to maintain the accuracy of this compilation. In the sequence alignments, identity between residues is indicated by a hyphen (‐). An unavailable sequence is indicated by an asterisk (*), gaps in the sequence are inserted to maintain the alignment between different alleles showing variation in amino acid number. In the following Tables, allele alignments include sequences across all exons. However, since for many alleles sequence information is incomplete, such alleles will be cut short in the Tables and the alignments compressed to conserve space.
ABSENCE OF TAP 2D IN YORUBA NIGERIANS
Authors: Awomoyi A. A. O. , Donn R. P. , Davies E. J. , Carthy D. , Thomson W. , Ollier W. E. R. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYWe have characterized TAP allele frequencies in a panel of 71 Yoruba Nigerians using ARMS‐PCR. With the exception that TAP 2D was absent in Nigerians, TAP 2 allele frequencies in this population were found to be similar to those in a UK white population. HLA‐DR4 also was found to be at a low frequency in Yoruba Nigerians (1.4%). This may reflect the absence of TAP 2D in Nigerians as DR4 and TAP 2D are in linkage disequilibrium in UK Caucasoids.The most frequent TAP 1 allele in Yoruba Nigerians was TAP 1A (49%). However, this value will be an underestimate as TAP1 alleles could not be unequivocally assigned in 41 % of subjects using the ARMS‐PCR methodology.
STUDY OF HLA CLASS I/II AND T LYMPHOCYTE SUBSETS IN KUWAITI VITILIGO PATIENTS
Authors: AL‐Fouzan A. , Al‐Arbash M. , Fouad F. , Kaaba S.A. , Mousa M.A. , Al‐Harbi S.A. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYHLA polymorphisms of class I and class II MHC were investigated in 40 Kuwaiti vitiligo patients and in 40 controls using microcytotoxicity assay. HLA‐B21, Cw6 and DR53 were increased significantly in patients compared to controls (P= 0.00001, 0.00001 and P= 0.0053 respectively) while HLA‐A19, DR52, were significantly decreased (P= 0.00236,0.05, respectively). Total T‐cells, T4 and T8 were measured as CD2, CD4 and CD8 respectively by flow cytometry. Vitiligo patients showed significant increase in CD4 compared to controls (P= 0.03). Our findings suggest that HLA‐B21 and Cw6 and DR53, are susceptible genes of vitiligo, while A19 and DR52 are protective genes in the Kuwaiti population.
DELETION OF THE 3 ′ SPLICE SITE OF THE LEADER‐VARIABLE REGION INTRON OF IMMUNOGLOBULIN HEAVY CHAIN GENES INDUCES A DIRECT SPLICING OF LEADER TO CONSTANT REGION, RESULTING IN THE PRODUCTION OF TRUNCATED μ‐CHAINS
Authors: Komori T. , Sugiyama H. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYAn Abelson virus‐transformed immature B cell line, AT8‐1‐12‐5‐2, produced truncated μ‐chains. Sequencing analysis of the VHDJH complex on the expressed H‐chain allele revealed the deletion of 75 nucleotides that involved leader‐variable region intron and the 5’ end of the variable region, which resulted in the loss of the 3′ splice site of leader‐variable region intron. Sequence studies of a leader‐ and CH1 ‐containing cDNA clone showed that leader region was directly spliced to the CH1 exon, resulting in the production of the truncated μ‐chains without variable portion. Our results demonstrated for the first time that the only loss of the 3′ splice site of leader‐variable region intron could induce an aberrant splicing between leader and constant region.
AT LEAST FOUR MHC CLASS I GENES ARE TRANSCRIBED IN THE HORSE: PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS SUGGESTS AN UNUSUAL EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY FOR THE MHC IN THIS SPECIES
Authors: Ellis S. A. , Martin A. J. , Holmes E. C. , Morrison W. I. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYNineteen horse MHC class I specificities have been serologically identified previously at a single locus (ELA‐A), and two other specificities appear to be coded at other loci. Biochemical studies indicate that there are at least two expressed loci. In order to establish the number of transcribed horse MHC class I genes, we made a cDNA library from a heterozygous animal (ELA‐A3/A7), and screened for positive clones using a bovine class I probe. More than 200 class I clones were isolated in this way, and so far seven unique full length sequences have been identified. All of the sequences are predicted to code for surface expressed, functional molecules. The number of different sequences identified demonstrate that at least four genes are transcribed, although variations in transmembrane length (which is generally conserved in class I loci) suggest that five genes could be represented. Evolutionary analysis of these sequences (and two additional sequences known to represent different horse class I loci) reveals no firm relationships, such that the division between the different loci cannot be discerned. These results suggest an unusual evolutionary history for the horse MHC, the precise nature of which may be revealed only following further cross‐species comparisons.