bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dose rate effects on the thermoluminescence kinetics properties of MWCVD diamond films
Authors: Gastélum S. , Cruz‐Zaragoza E. , Favalli A. , Chernov V. , Meléndrez R. , Soto‐Puebla D. , Pedroza‐Montero M. , Barboza‐Flores M. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractDose rate effects are important in thermoluminescent (TL) dosimeter applications because a certain absorbed dose given at different dose rates may result in a different TL yield. The present work reports about the dose rate effects on TL glow curves and kinetics properties of microwave plasma assisted chemical vapor deposition (MWCVD) diamond films grown on (100) silicon. The diamond films were exposed to γ radiation at 20.67, 43.4 and 81.11 Gy min–1 dose rates in the range of 0.05–10 kGy. The films showed a linear dose behavior up to 2 kGy and reached saturation for higher doses. The TL intensity varied as a function of dose rate and the samples had a maximum TL response for relatively lower dose rates. A single first order kinetics TL peak was typical for low doses while at higher doses two first order kinetics peaks were necessary to fit the glow curves. The results indicate that dose rate effects may be significant in dosimetric applications of MWCVD diamond. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Afterglow and thermally stimulated luminescence induced by UV radiation in CVD diamond
Authors: Barboza‐Flores M. , Schreck M. , Preciado‐Flores S. , Meléndrez R. , Pedroza‐Montero M. , Chernov V. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractAfterglow (AG) and thermoluminescence (TL) of CVD diamond UV‐irradiated with wavelength of 200–260 nm at room temperature are reported. The AG curves monotonously decrease with time and are fitted well by the hyperbolic law. The decay times depends on UV wavelength and decreases with the AG intensity increasing. The TL glow curves exhibit two pronounced TL peaks with maxima at about 350 K and 513 K with unstructured signal between them and are fitted well by four TL peaks. The first, 350 K peak with the activation energy of 0.59 eV was supposed to be second kinetics order. The higher temperature peaks at 402 K, 445 K and 513 K with the activation energies of 0.46 eV, 0.49 eV and 0.68 eV, respectively were assumed to be first kinetics order. The comparison of the AG decay times with the kinetics parameters of the 350 K TL peak proved that AG is caused by thermal emptying of the traps responsible for the 350 K peak. The behaviour of AG and 350 K TL peak was described by the model, in which shallow traps, recombination centers and deep thermally disconnected traps are taken into account. The AG and TL creation spectra are practically the same and consists of a broad band, which exponentially increases from 260 nm, reaches a maximum at 240 nm and then begins decreasing. The creation spectra of the AG and TL peaks are the same and closely related with the fundamental absorption of UV light near indirect band gap of diamond. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Correlation of atomic force microscopy detecting local conductivity and micro‐Raman spectroscopy on polymer–fullerene composite films
Authors: Čermák Jan , Rezek Bohuslav , Cimrová Věra , Výprachtický Drahomír , Ledinský Martin , Mates Tomáš , Fejfar Antonín , Kočka Jan 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThin hetero‐junction composite films of polymer (electron donor) and fullerene (electron acceptor) are prepared on indium‐tin‐oxide coated glass by spin‐coating from solution in dichlorobenzene. Optimized atomic force microscopy (AFM) parameters allowed us to scan these soft composite films in contact mode and to measure their local conductivity with high lateral resolution by current‐sensing AFM. The morphology and local conductivity data are correlated with Kelvin force microscopy and micro‐Raman mapping and discussed with view to their photovoltaic properties. Regions with both compounds present are compared to areas where the components segregated, acting as shunts of the junction. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Antiplasmodial compounds from Cassia siamea stem bark extract
Authors: Ajaiyeoba E. O. , Ashidi J. S. , Okpako L. C. , Houghton P. J. , Wright C. W. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractCassia siamea L. (Fabaceae) was identified from the southwest Nigerian ethnobotany as a remedy for febrile illness. This led to the bioassay‐guided fractionation of stem bark of the plant extract, using the parasite lactate dehydrogenase assay and multi‐resistant strain of Plasmodium falciparum (K1) for assessing the in vitro antimalarial activity. Emodin and lupeol were isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction by a combination of chromatographic techniques. The structures of the compounds were determined by spectroscopy, co‐spotting with authentic samples and comparison with literature data. Both compounds were found to be the active principles responsible for the antiplasmodial property with IC50 values of 5 µg/mL, respectively. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Antioxidant and neurosedative properties of polyphenols and iridoids from Lippia alba
Authors: Hennebelle Thierry , Sahpaz Sevser , Gressier Bernard , Joseph Henry , Bailleul François 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe neurosedative and antioxidative properties of some major compounds isolated from a citral chemotype of Lippia alba were investigated. Binding assays were performed on two CNS inhibitory targets: benzodiazepine and GABAA receptors. The most active compound was luteolin‐7‐diglucuronide, with half maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of 101 and 40 µm, respectively. Fifteen compounds isolated from Lippia alba were tested for their radical scavenging capacities against DPPH. Four of the major compounds (verbascoside, calceolarioside E, luteolin‐7‐diglucuronide and theveside) were also tested for their antioxidant activity against superoxide radical‐anion in cell‐free (hypoxanthine‐xanthine oxidase) and cellular (PMA‐stimulated neutrophil granulocytes) systems. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spin‐optimized resonating Hartree‐Fock configuration interaction
Authors: Takeda Ryo , Yamanaka Shusuke , Yamaguchi Kizashi 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe resonating Hartree‐Fock Configuration Interaction (Res HF‐CI) method is an efficient tool to investigate complicated strongly correlated systems such as ion‐radical systems. In this method, we explore several spin‐unrestricted Hartree‐Fock (UHF) solutions that are energetically low‐lying. However it is difficult to choose the symmetry‐broken references appropriately as the site increases. In this study, we present the spin‐optimized procedure, which is based on the Löwdin spin‐projection method, for the Res HF‐CI theory, denoted as SO Res‐HF CI. We apply this SO Res‐HF CI method to depict the potential curves of typical polyradical systems and compared the computational results using complete‐active‐space (CAS) CI based on UHF natural orbital (UNO), spin‐projected UHF, and the previous version of Res HF‐CI. We discuss the relation between computational results and the electronic configurations that are important to cover the electron correlation effects for each system. Further, we apply SO Res‐HF CI method for the simple organic radical. In addition, we extend this scheme to the GHF case, and show that the use of GHF as a seed of SO Res‐HF CI is desirable for the spin‐frustrated systems. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2007
The N‐particle wave function as a homogeneous functional of the density
Authors: Gál Tamás 
Published: August 2007

AbstractIt is shown that requiring consistency with the structure of the equation that determines the wave function associated to a density ρ() by density‐functional theory, yields the N‐particle wave function as a degree‐half homogeneous functional of the density, and leads to a separation A[N, ρ] of N dependence (with N = ∫ρ() d) of density functionals A[ρ] = A[∫ρ, ρ] for which A[∫ρ, λρ] = λ A[ρ, ρ]; as a consequence of the linearity of quantum mechanical operators. This implies that the ground‐state value of any quantum mechanical observable arises naturally as a degree‐one homogeneous N‐particle density functional. This general scheme for the structure of density functionals can be considered as the conceptual generalization of the Weizsäcker functional, which is the exact degree‐one homogeneous one‐particle kinetic‐energy density functional. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2007
Normalization of measured stable isotopic compositions to isotope reference scales – a review
Authors: Paul Debajyoti , Skrzypek Grzegorz , Fórizs István 
Published: August 2007

AbstractIn stable isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS), the stable isotopic composition of samples is measured relative to the isotopic composition of a working gas. This measured isotopic composition must be converted and reported on the respective international stable isotope reference scale for the accurate interlaboratory comparison of results. This data conversion procedure, commonly called normalization, is the first set of calculations done by the users. In this paper, we present a discussion and mathematical formulation of several existing routinely used normalization procedures. These conversion procedures include: single‐point anchoring (versus working gas and certified reference standard), modified single‐point normalization, linear shift between the measured and the true isotopic composition of two certified reference standards, two‐point and multi‐point linear normalization methods. Mathematically, the modified single‐point, two‐point, and multi‐point normalization methods are essentially the same. By utilizing laboratory analytical data, the accuracy of the various normalization methods (given by the difference between the true and the normalized isotopic composition) has been compared. Our computations suggest that single‐point anchoring produces normalization errors that exceed the maximum total uncertainties (e.g. 0.1‰ for δ13C) often reported in the literature, and, therefore, that it must not be used for routinely anchoring stable isotope measurement results to the appropriate international scales. However, any normalization method using two or more certified reference standards produces a smaller normalization error provided that the isotopic composition of the standards brackets the isotopic composition of unknown samples. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development of a simple and reliable accurate mass liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry method for high‐resolution accurate mass determinations of new drug entities on a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer
Authors: Pucci Vincenzo , Bonelli Fabio 
Published: August 2007

AbstractAccurate mass measurements are used to determine the elemental composition and formulae of molecules to confirm their identity or to assist in their characterization. Currently, the most widely used techniques for measuring exact masses employ magnetic sector instruments, Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometers and lower resolution instruments such as time‐of‐flight (TOF) and quadrupole‐TOF. This paper reports the accurate mass measurement using a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. Indeed, the recently introduced triple quadrupole mass spectrometer, with unique enhanced mass‐resolution capability, has demonstrated simple data acquisition methods and requires few experiments to measure exact masses with accuracy and determines elemental compositions of both protonated and deprotonated molecules. All the accurate mass measurements were performed using both positive and negative electrospray ionization in enhanced mass‐resolution mode (peak width of 0.1 Th FWMH). Several new drug entities were investigated as simulated unknowns and analyzed by means of an accurate mass liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (AM‐LC/ESI‐MS) method. The accurate mass measurements resulted in only one proposed elemental composition for all tested compounds, using reasonable elemental limits and mass tolerance for the calculation. Moreover, all the experimentally determined accurate mass measurements gave satisfactory results in terms of accuracy (lower than 5 ppm). Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A multiresidue method for the determination of 109 pesticides in rice using the Quick Easy Cheap Effective Rugged and Safe (QuEChERS) sample preparation method and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry with temperature control and vacuum concentration
Authors: Nguyen Thanh Dong , Lee Byung Soo , Lee Bo Reum , Lee Dae Myung , Lee Gae‐Ho 
Published: August 2007

AbstractA rapid, specific and sensitive multiresidue method based on the Quick Easy Cheap Effective Rugged and Safe (QuEChERS) sample preparation method and gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection by selected ion monitoring (GC/MS‐SIM) has been developed for the routine analysis of 109 pesticides in rice. The method uses one quantification ion and two identification ions. Temperature control during sample preparation helps improve the recovery of thermally labile pesticides such as captan. The method was validated by the analysis of samples spiked at 0.025–0.150 mg/kg in rice matrix. The recoveries of all pesticides were between 80% and 115% with a relative standard deviation of less than 15%. The limit of quantitation (LOQ) for most compounds met the maximum residue limits (MRLs) for pesticides in rice in Korea. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cultural care and Indian elders: Hindu spiritual life in the Ashram
Authors: West Bernice J.M. , Lyon Michael H. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractIn contemporary India family structures have shrunk from an extended, or joint, family to a small or nuclear family. This modern residential structure typically contains a two‐generational household – and represents a much less complete world with truncated supports. Despite Indian high principles about parental care, the family system increasingly cannot cope with the needs of elderly ‘retired’ parents. As the family has diminished so the ashram has become more important for support in older age. This paper aims to bring together these two strands of rising concern: the problems of ageing and the solutions offered by ashrams. This thematic connection, with its spiritual challenges and answers, is studied in respect of the experiences of Indian elders and the meaning of their lives, both previously and currently, within the context of available support, inside two ashrams. The holistic completeness of care seems to be particularly beneficial to elders: in the religious roundedness of concern for all of the aspects of social health, and capability of ensuring that support is total – embracing the round of daily activities, yet dividing the service work of catering and carrying, of care and conversing so well that everyone has an occupational niche, feels like a community participant and takes pride in his/her contribution to the common welfare and spiritual fulfilment of the ashram. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spirituality: its starring role in recovery from addiction
Authors: Marie Victoria 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe recovery experiences of professionals and volunteers in the alcohol and drug addiction recovery field serve as a glimpse of the role spirituality played in transforming them from substance abusers into abstainers from their drug of choice. Study participants include former addicts who now serve as outreach workers, mentors, peer and professional counsellors to people with addictions. The paths and forms of spirituality are varied and, for some, changing but from the participants' experiences two aspects of spirituality emerge. The first is the notion of community, which the author calls ‘we‐ness’. The second aspect is the desire to be of service. This paper presents the participants' definitions of spirituality. It also describes how, for the participants, spirituality serves as a catalyst for compassionate service to people still in active addiction. Correspondingly, one's own abstinence from drugs and alcohol is cultivated and maintained by helping others. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Epiphanies: Writing for compassion
Authors: Maultsaid Deirdre 
Published: August 2007

AbstractInterest grows in the concepts and applications of narrative medicine. Medical practitioners and healthcare educators can use stories to describe experiences. When practitioners and educators use the principles of creative writing – plot, imagery, character, sensations – they are listening differently and expressing their understanding in narrative form. When practitioners and educators describe experiences in these ways, they are more likely to see the ethical dilemmas, and feel compassion for others. When patients write of their experiences in narrative ways, as some samples here show, they may feel that their lives have meaning. Narrative helps make communication transformative between the practitioner and patient. Narrative can inspire us to better medicine. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Why is this happening to me? Illness beliefs held by haredi Jewish breast cancer patients: an exploratory study
Authors: Coleman Kate , Koffman Jonathan , Daniels Charles 
Published: August 2007

AbstractCultural factors influence how cancer patients interpret their illness. This paper explores the meanings haredi (strictly orthodox) Jewish breast cancer patients give to their illness. In‐depth interviews were conducted with five haredi breast cancer patients. The full transcripts were subjected to interpretive phenomenological analysis. Participants' interpretations of their cancer were strongly influenced by their religious beliefs. Two interwoven themes emerged: the cancer came from God as part of a meaningful plan; the disease was a test. The implications these beliefs may have for healthcare behaviour in this group are discussed. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sourcing practices and boundaries of the firm in the financial services industry
Authors: Safizadeh M. Hossein , Field Joy M. , Ritzman Larry P. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractWe investigate sourcing decisions related to the back‐office operations of 108 processes used by financial services companies. Guided by the arguments of transaction cost economics and the resource‐based and knowledge‐based view of organizations, we hypothesize that service customization and volume represent two key drivers of a service company's sourcing decisions. The inherent uncertainty of service customization gives rise to the transaction cost risks of opportunism and holdups and thus favors insourcing. Moreover, the competency gained from performing high‐volume back‐office operations aligns with the tenets of the resource‐based view, which also favors insourcing. The empirical results corroborate these theoretical expectations. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Approximate analysis of tall buildings using sandwich beam models with variable cross‐section
Authors: Kaviani P. , Rahgozar R. , Saffari H. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractIn this paper an approximate method is carried out for determining the natural periods of multistory buildings subjected to earthquake. The building resists lateral forces through a combination of lateral resisting systems. These systems could be replaced by a cantilever Timoshenko or a sandwich beam with varying cross‐section that characterizes three kinds of stiffnesses: the global bending stiffness, the local bending stiffness and the shear stiffness. Using appropriate transformations, the differential equations for flexural and shear free vibration of a cantilever beam with variably distributed mass and stiffness are reduced to Bessel's equations and ordinary differential equations. The frequency equations can be solved by selecting suitable expressions such as exponential and power functions for stiffness and mass distribution along the height of the building. The calculated frequencies are combined appropriately by using approximate methods. Based on the fact that shear and bending deformations are all considered, the free vibration frequency of the structure could be calculated. The capability and accuracy of the proposed method are demonstrated by a numerical example in which finite element results are compared with the proposed methodology and other approximate methods. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Across‐wind dynamic response of high‐rise building under wind action with interference effects from one and two tall buildings
Authors: Xie Z. N. , Gu M. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractSystematic studies on the across‐wind dynamic interference effects on two and three tall buildings are presented in this paper. It is found that surrounding and upstream interfering building(s) can significantly affect the across‐wind load on the interfered principal building. Generally speaking, two interfering buildings can cause more adverse dynamic effects on the principal building than a single one does. The results show that the maximum interference factor (IF) among three buildings increases 80% over that between two buildings in terrain category B which has been defined in Chinese load code for design of building structures; a noticeable difference of 29% of IF is also observed in terrain category D. Vortex shedding from the upstream buildings can lead to vortex‐induced resonance, resulting in excessive across‐wind loads on the downstream building. Although interference effects in terrain category D are much smaller than those in exposure category B, the maximum IF is found to be 1·83 in the case of three buildings with the same size in terrain category D and 2·27 in other configurations. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Properties, production, and applications of camelid single-domain antibody fragments
Authors: Harmsen M. M. , De Haard H. J. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractCamelids produce functional antibodies devoid of light chains of which the single N-terminal domain is fully capable of antigen binding. These single-domain antibody fragments (VHHs or Nanobodies®) have several advantages for biotechnological applications. They are well expressed in microorganisms and have a high stability and solubility. Furthermore, they are well suited for construction of larger molecules and selection systems such as phage, yeast, or ribosome display. This minireview offers an overview of (1) their properties as compared to conventional antibodies, (2) their production in microorganisms, with a focus on yeasts, and (3) their therapeutic applications.
Phase Composition During Palm Olein Fractionation and its Effect on Soft PMF and Superolein Quality
Authors: Calliauw Gijs , Gibon Véronique , De Greyt Wim , Plees Laurence , Foubert Imogen , Dewettinck Koen 
Published: August 2007

AbstractRefined palm olein was dry fractionated via three different cooling programs on laboratory‐scale fractionation equipment. The enrichment and depletion of the main triacylglycerols in the liquid and solid phase was plotted as a function of the crystallization degree of the oil. It was shown that for the given conditions and palm olein composition, the initial crystals mainly consisted of PPP, diacylglycerols, POP and PLP. At higher crystallization degrees, a sharp viscosity increase in the crystal suspension was primarily related to an obvious decrease of POP but also of POS in the recovered superolein, while the general crystallization rate of the system remained unchanged. Rather than a change in crystallization rate of POP, a change in the ratio between the crystallizing monounsaturated triacylglycerols is linked with the high viscosity of the crystal slurry. For a comparable degree of crystallization, the superolein of the more viscous crystal slurry, obtained through a membrane press filtration up to 15 bar, was more unsaturated than the superolein filtered from the less viscous slurry. Consequently, the high unsaturation in the corresponding soft palm mid fraction is only the result of an incomplete phase separation, and not due to an increased intersolubility of unsaturated triacylglycerols in the crystals.