bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Citizen scientists—practices, observations, and experience
Authors: O’Grady Michael , Mangina Eleni 
Published: April 2024

AbstractCitizen science has been studied intensively in recent years. Nonetheless, the voice of citizen scientists is often lost despite their altruistic and indispensable role. To remedy this deficiency, a survey on the overall experiences of citizen scientists was undertaken. Dimensions investigated include activities, open science concepts, and data practices. However, the study prioritizes knowledge and practices of data and data management. When a broad understanding of data is lacking, the ability to make informed decisions about consent and data sharing, for example, is compromised. Furthermore, the potential and impact of individual endeavors and collaborative projects are reduced. Findings indicate that understanding of data management principles is limited. Furthermore, an unawareness of common data and open science concepts was observed. It is concluded that appropriate training and a raised awareness of Responsible Research and Innovation concepts would benefit individual citizen scientists, their projects, and society.
Optimizing centroiding using indexed table lookup: Application to crossed-strip readout
Authors: La An-Peng , Zhang Wen-Wen , Yang Yang , Zheng Jin-Kun , Bai Yong-Lin , Song Yu-Chao , Duan Jin-Yao , Zhang Yanxin , Wang Fang , Zhao Hua 
Published: April 2024

This paper introduces a hybrid readout system for a cross-strip position-sensitive anode detector that combines a lookup table and weighted averaging. The lookup table approach is used to identify event channels and select appropriate weights based on the corresponding index code for calculating the centroid of the electron cloud. This effectively enhances the readout system’s processing speed while preserving the high-resolution advantage of the cross-strip position-sensitive anode. Simulations were performed to evaluate the performance of the system. Experimental results demonstrate that this readout method achieves an event processing speed exceeding 10 MHz while maintaining a resolution of 17.96 lp/mm.
Impact of nano-hybridization on flexural and impact behavior of basalt/glass fiber-epoxy composites for automotive structures
Authors: Boobalan V. , Sathish T. , Giri Jayant , Makki Emad 
Published: April 2024

This study’s primary objective is to experimentally investigate the flexural and impact performance of composites composed of hybrid basalt/E-glass fiber-reinforced epoxy infused with multiwalled carbon nano-tubes (MWCNTs) and nano-silica (SiO2) in compliance with ASTM D790 and ASTM D6110 specifications. Recently, manufacturers considered using basalt fiber-based composites for various structural applications due to their excellent mechanical properties, high stiffness, and high strength-to-weight ratio. Each composite laminate was made by hand layup techniques and filled with equal proportions of SiO2 and MWCNT nanoparticles in different weight percentages, such as 0%, 1%, 2%, and 3%. The composites were made by using a symmetric stacking sequence of B/GG/BB/GG/BD/GG/B fibers. MWCNTs and SiO2 were evenly dispersed throughout the epoxy matrix with the assistance of an ultrasonicator and magnetic stirrer. The composite containing 2% fillers has an increased flexural strength by 20% from 307 to 378 MPa and flexural modulus by 30% from 11.181 to 15.901 Gpa, as well as an increased Charpy impact resistance by 45% from 236 to 418 J/m, compared with the composite without fillers. The interfacial interactions between the epoxy matrix, particles, and fibers significantly influenced the composite laminates’ flexural and impact characteristics. The accumulation of particles in the epoxy caused by the 3% fillers reduces the flexural strength and flexural modulus and impacts the performance due to the inadequate interfacial contact between the fibers and the epoxy matrix.
Fast self-powered n-InGaN layer/p-Cu2O microcrystal visible-light photoelectrochemical photodetector with high photocurrent and responsivity
Authors: Zhang Wenfeng , Deng Rongli , Luo Mingrui , Hong Hao , Pan Xingchen , Nötzel Richard 
Published: April 2024

An efficient visible-light photoelectrochemical photodetector based on a compact In-rich n-InGaN layer activated by p-Cu2O microcrystals operating as photoanode in the self-powered mode is demonstrated. The photocurrent density of 80 µA/cm2 under one-sun illumination is more than 10 times larger than that of a bare InGaN layer. Moreover, the photocurrent density, responsivity of 0.8 mA/W, specific detectivity of 4 × 109 Jones, and response times of 5–8 ms are more than five times better compared to those of our previously reported nanowire counterpart. The excellent performance is attributed to maximized photocarrier separation in the built-in electric field of the internal p–n junction for fully depleted Cu2O microcrystals with maximized height and the planar geometry, guaranteeing unhindered diffusion of the electrolyte to and from the photoanode surface.
Concentration dependent thermal properties of magnetic nanoparticles and ability to use in the magnetic hyperthermia treatment
Authors: Elbeshir E. I. A. 
Published: April 2024

In this investigation, specimens of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) consisting of Fe2O3, Fe3O4, and CoFe2O4 were synthesized in a powdered state through the co-precipitation technique. X-ray diffraction was employed for the purpose of characterizing the dimensions of the sample, yielding the following measurements: t = 64, 10, and 13 nm, respectively. Subsequently, a series of suspensions (S1, S5, S10, S15, and S20) were prepared by introducing varying amounts (x = 1, 5, 10, 15, and 20 mg) of magnetic nanoparticles into 1 ml of distilled water. A low-frequency induction heater was employed to investigate the thermal characteristics of the aforementioned MNPs. The experimental findings indicate that as the concentration of MNPs in the suspension increases, there is a corresponding decrease in the maximum temperature (Tmax) measured in degrees Celsius, the heating rate (∆T/∆t) measured in degrees Celsius per second, and the specific absorption rate measured in watts per gram. Furthermore, the conducted investigation has elucidated that these MNPs exhibit commendable thermal characteristics, thereby signifying their potential utility in the realm of magnetic hyperthermia treatment.
A low crosstalk seven-core five-mode fiber for high density transmission and large capacity communication
Authors: Wang Luyao , Li Shuguang , Shao Pengshuai , Liu Qiang , Yang Gang , Li Xiang 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
We propose a seven-core five-mode fiber with air hole-assisted and high refractive index ring structure, and it can be fabricated by the stack-and-draw technique. The air hole auxiliary structure can significantly restrain the energy coupling between cores, and the high refractive index ring structure can meet the requirements of low intra-core crosstalk (XT) by improving the effective refractive index difference (Δn

eff
) between adjacent modes. Through analyzing the influence of the number and arrangement of air holes on inter-core XT and effective mode field area (A

eff
), it can be achieved the results that the inter-core XT is less than −44 dB/100 km and all the A

eff
values of LP modes are greater than 100 μm2 in the seven-core five-mode fiber when the wavelength is 1550 nm and the bending radius (R) is 80 mm. At the same time, the Δn

eff
between LP21 and LP02 mode can be controlled to 1.3 × 10−3 by adjusting the parameters of the high refractive index ring. In addition, the relative core multiplexing factor (RCMF) of the seven-core five-mode fiber is as high as 88.34. The simulation results show that the seven-core five-mode fiber has high spatial density and is suitable for the communication system with multi-channel and long-distance transmission.
Challenges of acute pain management in older patients
Authors: Almodibeg Bader , Forget Patrice 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Adequate management of acute pain in the older population is crucial. However, it is inherently complex because of multiple physiological changes that significantly impact both the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of medications. Current guidelines promote paracetamol as the first-line analgesic for acute pain in older adults, whereas opioids are advised cautiously for moderate to severe acute pain. However, opioids come with a significant array of side effects, which can be more pronounced in older individuals. Ketamine administered via intranasal (IN) and nebulised inhalation in the emergency department for managing acute pain in older patients shows promising potential for improving pain management and reducing opioid reliance Kampan, Thong-on, Sri-on (2024, Age Ageing, 53, afad255). Nebulised ketamine appears superior in terms of adverse event incidence. However, the adoption of IN or nebulised ketamine in older adult acute pain management remains unclear because of the lack of definitive conclusions and clear guidelines. Nevertheless, these modalities can be valuable options for patients where opioid analgesics are contraindicated or when intravenous morphine titration is impractical or contraindicated. Here, we review these concepts, the latest evidence and propose avenues for research.
Lifestyle-related factors in late midlife as predictors of frailty from late midlife into old age: a longitudinal birth cohort study
Authors: Haapanen Markus J , Mikkola Tuija M , Jylhävä Juulia , Wasenius Niko S , Kajantie Eero , Eriksson Johan G , von Bonsdorff Mikaela B 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
Few studies have examined longitudinal changes in lifestyle-related factors and frailty.

Methods
We examined the association between individual lifestyle factors (exercise, diet, sleep, alcohol, smoking and body composition), their sum at baseline, their change over the 17-year follow-up and the rate of change in frailty index values using linear mixed models in a cohort of 2,000 participants aged 57–69 years at baseline.

Results
A higher number of healthy lifestyle-related factors at baseline was associated with lower levels of frailty but not with its rate of change from late midlife into old age. Participants who stopped exercising regularly (adjusted β × Time = 0.19, 95%CI = 0.10, 0.27) and who began experiencing sleeping difficulties (adjusted β × Time = 0.20, 95%CI = 0.10, 0.31) experienced more rapid increases in frailty from late midlife into old age. Conversely, those whose sleep improved (adjusted β × Time = −0.10, 95%CI = −0.23, −0.01) showed a slower increase in frailty from late midlife onwards. Participants letting go of lifestyle-related factors (decline by 3+ factors vs. no change) became more frail faster from late midlife into old age (adjusted β × Time = 0.16, 95% CI = 0.01, 0.30).

Conclusions
Lifestyle-related differences in frailty were already evident in late midlife and persisted into old age. Adopting one new healthy lifestyle-related factor had a small impact on a slightly less steeply increasing level of frailty. Maintaining regular exercise and sleeping habits may help prevent more rapid increases in frailty.
Integration of electronic project management software in an investigational drug service pharmacy within an academic medical center
Authors: Hill Cameron , Froerer Camryn 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Purpose
An investigational drug services (IDS) pharmacy plays a vital role in supporting clinical trial research by ensuring the safe and efficient management of investigational products. This article describes the implementation of an electronic project management software to improve an IDS pharmacy’s study protocol work. The article describes the implementation of the software and how this approach addressed specific challenges, including project oversight, process standardization, documentation, reporting, accountability, and intrateam communication.

Summary
We describe an electronic project management software system used to streamline and standardize the work associated with study protocols. This software provides an organized and customizable workspace to manage tasks associated with each study protocol. The software automates task creation, tracks progress, and ensures comprehensive record keeping. Additionally, the software fosters effective communication within the team and offers real-time reporting to assess team productivity and progress. We have observed improved consistency, enhanced revenue, including approximately $18,000 in additional fee capture, and increased collaboration among pharmacy team members.

Conclusion
Implementing an electronic project management software has proven highly beneficial in the IDS pharmacy. The software has significantly improved workflow efficiency by addressing challenges in study protocol management. While initial setup and training required time and resources, the long-term benefits in project oversight, collaboration, and revenue capture justify the investment. An electronic project management software is a valuable tool in managing the complexity of study protocol activities and supports the pharmacy’s crucial role in advancing clinical research.
Narrative Skills in Mandarin–English Dual Language Immersion Learners
Authors: Pace Amy , Lü Chan , Guo Laura X , Zhou Jieyu 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This article investigated the development of narrative production skills among Mandarin-English dual language immersion (DLI) students. A total of 60 children in first (N = 20), third (N = 21), and fifth-sixth (N = 19) grades generated oral narratives from wordless picture books in Mandarin and English. We examined variability in children’s macrostructure and microstructure production by language and grade level. We also examined within-language associations and cross-language transfer in narrative skills. Children in higher grades incorporated more macrostructure and microstructure elements in their narratives than children in lower grades. Within each language, microstructure skills were correlated with macrostructure skills. Evidence for development of shared skills across languages and language-specific patterns of narrative skills were also identified. Results contribute to the growing body of evidence for facilitative transfer in immersion contexts and highlight the importance of measuring outcomes in both the societal and the partner language.
Chemical modification of Arthrobacter sarcosine oxidase by N-methylisothiazolinone reduces reactivity toward oxygen
Authors: Toyama Fuka , Kimura Hironori , Zhang Yuqi , Nishiya Yoshiaki 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
N-Methylisothiazolinone (MIT) is a thiol group modifier and antimicrobial agent. Arthrobacter sarcosine oxidase (SoxA), a diagnostic enzyme for assaying creatinine, loses its activity upon the addition of MIT, and its inactivation mechanism remains unclear. In this study, SoxA was chemically modified using MIT (mo-SoxA), and its structural and chemical properties were characterized. Spectral analysis data, oxygen consumption rates, and reactions were compared between intact SoxA and mo-SoxA. These demonstrate that the oxidative half-reaction toward oxygen is inhibited by MIT modification. The oxidase activity of mo-SoxA was approximately 2.1% of that of intact SoxA, and its dehydrogenase activity was approximately 4.2 times higher. The C-to-S mutants revealed that cooperative modification of 2 specific cysteine residues caused a drastic change in the enzyme reaction mode. Based on the modeled tertiary structures, the putative entrance for oxygen uptake is predicted to be blocked by the chemical modification of the 2 cysteine residues.
Skin keratinocyte-derived SIRT1 and BDNF modulate mechanical allodynia in mouse models of diabetic neuropathy
Authors: O’Brien Jennifer , Niehaus Peter , Chang Koping , Remark Juliana , Barrett Joy , Dasgupta Abhishikta , Adenegan Morayo , Salimian Mohammad , Kevas Yanni , Chandrasekaran Krish , Kristian Tibor , Chellappan Rajeshwari , Rubin Samuel , Kiemen Ashley , Lu Catherine Pei-Ju , Russell James W , Ho Cheng-Ying 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Diabetic neuropathy is a debilitating disorder characterized by spontaneous and mechanical allodynia. The role of skin mechanoreceptors in the development of mechanical allodynia is unclear. We discovered that mice with diabetic neuropathy had decreased sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) deacetylase activity in foot skin, leading to reduced expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and subsequent loss of innervation in Meissner corpuscles, a mechanoreceptor expressing the BDNF receptor TrkB. When SIRT1 was depleted from skin, the mechanical allodynia worsened in diabetic neuropathy mice, likely due to retrograde degeneration of the Meissner-corpuscle innervating Aβ axons and aberrant formation of Meissner corpuscles which may have increased the mechanosensitivity. The same phenomenon was also noted in skin-keratinocyte specific BDNF knockout mice. Furthermore, overexpression of SIRT1 in skin induced Meissner corpuscle reinnervation and regeneration, resulting in significant improvement of diabetic mechanical allodynia.
Overall, the findings suggested that skin-derived SIRT1 and BDNF function in the same pathway in skin sensory apparatus regeneration and highlighted the potential of developing topical SIRT1-activating compounds as a novel treatment for diabetic mechanical allodynia.
Synthesis and evaluation of modified polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) derivatives with luminescent Side-chains having charge-transfer characters
Authors: Sato Keita , Gon Masayuki , Tanaka Kazuo , Chujo Yoshiki 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
We describe here a synthesis and evaluation of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) derivatives having luminescent charge-transfer molecules. The electron withdrawing groups (EWG), such as trifluoromethyl groups, and electron donating groups (EDG), such as methoxy and dimethylamine groups, were introduced into π-conjugated systems connected at each vertex of the silica cube, and their optical properties were evaluated in solution and solid states. It was shown that the POSS scaffold hardly influenced the electronic structures of each substituent, meanwhile there were significant differences in electronic interactions between EWGs and EDGs depending on the order of connections from the silica cube. Finally, we obtained heat resistant luminescent materials having intermolecular charge-transfer characteristics.
Visualization and exploration of linked data using virtual reality
Authors: Kellmann Alexander J , Postema Max , de Keijser Joris , Svetachov Pjotr , Wilson Rebecca C , van Enckevort Esther J , Swertz Morris A 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In this report, we analyse the use of virtual reality (VR) as a method to navigate and explore complex knowledge graphs. Over the past few decades, linked data technologies [Resource Description Framework (RDF) and Web Ontology Language (OWL)] have shown to be valuable to encode such graphs and many tools have emerged to interactively visualize RDF. However, as knowledge graphs get larger, most of these tools struggle with the limitations of 2D screens or 3D projections. Therefore, in this paper, we evaluate the use of VR to visually explore SPARQL Protocol and RDF Query Language (SPARQL) (construct) queries, including a series of tutorial videos that demonstrate the power of VR (see Graph2VR tutorial playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLRQCsKSUyhNIdUzBNRTmE-_JmuiOEZbdH). We first review existing methods for Linked Data visualization and then report the creation of a prototype, Graph2VR. Finally, we report a first evaluation of the use of VR for exploring linked data graphs. Our results show that most participants enjoyed testing Graph2VR and found it to be a useful tool for graph exploration and data discovery. The usability study also provides valuable insights for potential future improvements to Linked Data visualization in VR.
Maltose accumulation-induced cell death in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Zhang Xiaohuan , Nijland Jeroen G , Driessen Arnold J M 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Pretreatment of lignocellulose yields a complex sugar mixture that potentially can be converted into bioethanol and other chemicals by engineered yeast. One approach to overcome competition between sugars for uptake and metabolism is the use of a consortium of specialist strains capable of efficient conversion of single sugars. Here, we show that maltose inhibits cell growth of a xylose-fermenting specialist strain IMX730.1 that is unable to utilize glucose because of the deletion of all hexokinase genes. The growth inhibition cannot be attributed to a competition between maltose and xylose for uptake. The inhibition is enhanced in a strain lacking maltase enzymes (dMalX2) and completely eliminated when all maltose transporters are deleted. High-level accumulation of maltose in the dMalX2 strain is accompanied by a hypotonic-like transcriptional response, while cells are rescued from maltose-induced cell death by the inclusion of an extracellular osmolyte such as sorbitol. These data suggest that maltose-induced cell death is due to high levels of maltose uptake causing hypotonic-like stress conditions and can be prevented through engineering of the maltose transporters. Transporter engineering should be included in the development of stable microbial consortia for the efficient conversion of lignocellulosic feedstocks.
Modified differential lysis for sexual assault samples using a combined enzymatic and alkaline approach
Authors: Hudson Brittany C , Dawson Green Tracey 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Sexual assault sample processing, despite recent funding and research efforts, remains time-consuming, labourious, and inefficient. These limitations, combined with the prevalence of sexual assaults, have prompted the need to develop a cheaper, quicker, and more robust method for separating victim and perpetrator contributions within sexual assault evidence so that analysts can keep pace with submissions and cases can be resolved in a timely manner. Thus, this study examined the use of a combined enzymatic and alkaline approach for differential cell lysis—with the goal of developing a quick, cheap, and more efficient DNA isolation method. Quantification results for this assay revealed that (72.0 ± 18.3)%, (15.8 ± 14.2)%, and (29.5 ±  23.7)% of total DNA were retained in sperm fractions for neat semen, neat vaginal, and semen–vaginal mixture eluates, respectively. Short tandem repeat (STR) analysis of mixture samples processed with this technique exhibited sperm fraction DNA profiles with mean male-to-female ratios of 1.74:1, which was a 3.01 ± 2.30-fold improvement in male-to-female ratios and led to the recovery of 5.90 ± 7.80 unshared male contributor alleles in sperm fractions that were otherwise undetected in unseparated controls. Overall, this study presented a modified differential lysis approach using prepGEM™ and sodium hydroxide treatments that can accomplish cell elution and fractional lysis within 25 min. Future studies should investigate alternative “non-sperm” cell lysis methods to enhance lysis efficiency and minimize the potential for inhibition, as well as the optimization and automation of this technique.

Key points