bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Porous versus solid shoulder implants in humeri of different bone densities: A finite element analysis
Authors: Hitchon Sydney , Soltanmohammadi Pendar , Milner Jaques S. , Holdsworth David , Willing Ryan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPorous metallic prosthesis components can now be manufactured using additive manufacturing techniques, and may prove beneficial for promoting bony ingrowth, for accommodating drug delivery systems, and for reducing stress shielding. Using finite element modeling techniques, 36 scenarios (three porous stems, three bone densities, and four held arm positions) were analysed to assess the viability of porous humeral stems for use in total shoulder arthroplasty, and their resulting mechanobiological impact on the surrounding humerus bone. All three porous stems were predicted to experience stresses below the yield strength of Ti6Al4V (880 MPa) and to be capable of withstanding more than 10 million cycles of each loading scenario before failure. There was an indication that within an 80 mm region of the proximal humerus, there would be a reduction in bone resorption as stem porosity increased. Overall, this study shows promise that these porous structures are mechanically viable for incorporation into permanent shoulder prostheses to combat orthopedic infections.
Cardamonin inhibits osteogenic differentiation by downregulating Wnt/beta‐catenin signaling and alleviates subchondral osteosclerosis in osteoarthritic mice
Authors: Meng Fanding , Zhu Pengchong , Ren Xiaoli , Wang Limei , Ding Dong , Yan Jiangbo , Zhang Ying , Yang Shang‐You , Ning Bin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractOsteoarthritis (OA) is a common degenerative joint disease, and subchondral osteosclerosis is an important pathological change that occurs in its late stages. Cardamonin (CD) is a natural flavonoid isolated from Alpinia katsumadai that has anti‐inflammatory activity. The objectives of this study were to investigate the therapeutic effects and potential mechanism of CD in regulating OA subchondral osteosclerosis at in vivo and in vitro settings. Eight‐week‐old male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into four groups: sham operation, anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT)‐induced OA model, low‐dose and high‐dose CD treated ACLT‐OA model groups. Histological assessment and immunohistochemical examinations for chondrocyte metabolism‐related markers metalloproteinase‐13, ADAMTS‐4, Col II, and Sox‐9 were performed. Microcomputed tomography was used to assess the sclerosis indicators in subchondral bone. Further, MC3T3‐E1 (a mouse calvarial preosteoblast cell line) cells were treated with various concentrations of CD to reveal the influence and potential molecular pathways of CD in osteogenic differentiations. Animal studies suggested that CD alleviated the pathological changes in OA mice such as maintaining integrity and increasing the thickness of hyaline cartilage, decreasing the thickness of calcified cartilage, decreasing the Osteoarthritis Research Society International score, regulating articular cartilage metabolism, and inhibiting subchondral osteosclerosis. In vitro investigation indicated that CD inhibited alkaline phosphatase expression and production of calcium nodules during osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3‐E1 cells. In addition, CD inhibited the expression of osteogenic differentiation‐related indicators and Wnt/β‐catenin pathway‐related proteins. In conclusion, CD inhibits osteogenic differentiation by downregulating Wnt/β‐catenin signaling and alleviating subchondral osteosclerosis in a mouse model of OA.
Nutrient‐efficient catfish‐based aquaponics for producing lamb's lettuce at two light intensities
Authors: Sebastião Fernando , Vaz Daniela C , Pires Cristiana L , Cruz Pedro F , Moreno Maria João , Brito Rui M M , Cotrim Luis , Oliveira Nelson , Costa Ana , Fonseca André , Rodrigues Maria , Ispolnov Kirill , Bernardino Raul , Vieira Judite 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDAquaponic systems are sustainable processes of managing water and nutrients for food production. An innovate nutrient‐efficient catfish‐based (Clarias gariepinus) aquaponics system was implemented for producing two cultivars of two leafy vegetables largely consumed worldwide: lamb's lettuce (Valerianella locusta var. Favor and Valerianella locusta var. de Hollande) and arugula (Eruca vesicaria var. sativa and Eruca sativa). Different growing treatments (4 × 2 factorial design) were applied to plants of each cultivar, grown at two light intensities (120 and 400 μmol m−2 s−1). During growth, several morphological characteristics (root length, plant height, leaf number, foliage diameter and biggest leaf length) were measured. At harvest, plants were weighed and examined qualitatively in terms of greenness and health status. Additionally, leaf extracts were obtained and used to determine total phenolic contents, antioxidant capacities, and levels of cytotoxicity to Caco‐2 intestinal model cells.RESULTSAfter a 5‐week growth period, both lamb's lettuce cultivars presented high levels of greenness and health status, at both light intensities, particularly the var. de Hollande that also showed higher average performance in terms of plant morphology. In turn, arugula cultivars showed lower levels of greenness and health status, especially the cultivar E. vesicaria var. sativa submitted to direct sunlight during growth. In addition, plant specimens submitted to higher levels of light intensity showed higher contents in antioxidants/polyphenols. Cultivars with a higher content in antioxidants/polyphenols led to higher Caco‐2 cell viability.CONCLUSIONFor successful industrial implementation of the aquaponics technology, different and optimized acclimatizing conditions must be applied to different plant species and cultivars. © 2024 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Prediction of moisture content for a single maize kernel based on viscoelastic properties
Authors: Qiao Mengmeng , Xia Guoyi , Xu Yang , Cui Tao , Fan Chenlong , Li Yibo , Han Shaoyun , Qian Jun 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe rapid and accurate detection of moisture content is important to ensure maize quality. However, existing technologies for rapidly detecting moisture content often suffer from the use of costly equipment, stringent environmental requirements, or limited accuracy. This study proposes a simple and effective method for detecting the moisture content of single maize kernels based on viscoelastic properties.RESULTSTwo types of viscoelastic experiments were conducted involving three different parameters: relaxation tests (initial loads: 60, 80, 100 N) and frequency‐sweep tests (frequencies: 0.6, 0.8, 1 Hz). These experiments generated corresponding force‐time graphs and viscoelastic parameters were extracted based on the four‐element Maxwell model. Then, viscoelastic parameters and data of force‐time graphs were employed as input variables to explore the relationships with moisture content separately. The impact of different preprocessing methods and feature time variables on model accuracy was explored based on force‐time graphs. The results indicate that models utilizing the force‐time data were more accurate than those utilizing viscoelastic parameters. The best model was established by partial least squares regression based on S‐G smoothing data from relaxation tests conducted with initial force of 100 N. The correlation coefficient and the root mean square error of the calibration set were 0.954 and 0.021, respectively. The corresponding values of the prediction set were 0.905 and 0.029, respectively.CONCLUSIONSThis study confirms the potential for accurate and fast detection of moisture content in single maize kernels using viscoelastic properties, which provides a novel approach for the detection of various components in cereals. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Effects of faba bean protein isolate on rheological properties of pork myofibrillar protein gels and quality characteristics of pork low‐fat model sausages
Authors: Kim Geon Ho , Chin Koo Bok 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDThis study aimed to assess the effect of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) protein isolate (FBPI) on the rheological properties of pork myofibrillar protein gels (MPGs) and the quality characteristics of pork low‐fat model sausages (LFMSs).RESULTSPork MPGs with 5 or 10 g kg−1 FBPI had higher cooking yield, gel strength, and viscosity than controls. The addition of FBPI to MPGs increased the protein surface hydrophobicity and decreased sulfhydryl groups. Adding FBPI to MPGs changed the protein profile and microstructure. The cooking loss and expressible moisture of LFMSs with 5, 10, or 15 g kg−1 FBPI were lower than those of controls and showed similar results to those with 15 g kg−1 soy protein isolate (SPI). Hardness values of LFMSs with FBPI and SPI were no different, and were higher than those of controls.CONCLUSIONThe addition of FBPI potentially improves rheological properties of MPGs and the functional properties of LFMSs, including water‐holding capacity and textural properties. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Pityriasis Rubra Pilaris refractory to ustekinumab successfully treated with guselkumab
Authors: Teixeira João , Matos Ana L. , Aparício‐Martins André , Calvão Joana , de Oliveira Hugo S. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPityriasis Rubra Pilaris (PRP) is a rare papulosquamous inflammatory dermatosis with variable clinical presentation and poorly understood pathogenesis that often poses diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Data on currently available treatment options are limited, particularly when facing refractory cases. Both ustekinumab, an interleukin‐12 (IL‐12) and IL‐23 inhibitor, and guselkumab, an IL‐23p19 inhibitor, target the Th‐17 axis and are well established treatment options in moderate to severe psoriasis. However, increasing evidence, mostly derived from case reports and supported by recent understanding of the role of Th‐17 axis in PRP, also favours the use of IL‐17/IL‐23 pathway inhibitors in this disease. We present an adult female patient with long history of recalcitrant PRP refractory to multiple treatment options. Although initial improvement with ustekinumab was achieved, late disease progression ensued, leading to transition to guselkumab with remarkable clinical response.
Morphology, Not Only Volume: A Study on Empty Nose Syndrome and Inferior Turbinates
Authors: Fu Chia‐Hsiang , Chen Chien‐Cheng , Huang Chi‐Che , Chang Po‐Hung , Chen Yi‐Wei , Tang Ya‐Cheng , Lee Ta‐Jen 
Published: March 2024

ObjectivesEmpty nose syndrome (ENS) is an underdiagnosed but burdensome clinical condition. Studies that have addressed the impact of remnant inferior turbinate volume (ITV) on ENS are scarce. We aimed to evaluate the impact of ITV and phenotyping on the severity and presentation of ENS.MethodsAll the enrolled patients underwent the following subjective assessments: the ENS 6‐Item Questionnaire (ENS6Q), Sino‐Nasal Outcome Test‐25 (SNOT‐25), Beck Depression Inventory‐II (BDI‐II) and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). The ITV was obtained from finely cut (1‐mm‐thick slices) sino‐nasal computed tomography scan images and analyzed using ImageJ. The correlation between ITV, subjective measurements, and morphology of inferior turbinates was evaluated. ENS was categorized as torpedo type (balanced tissue volume) or pistol type (posterior dominance) based on the morphology.ResultsOverall, 54 patients met the inclusion criteria. The ITV was positively correlated with the ENS6Q score and domain of ENS symptoms in SNOT‐25. Neither BDI‐II nor BAI scores had a significant correlation with ITV. Based on their morphological classification, the torpedo type exhibited diverse manifestations in the SNOT‐25 analysis in response to changes in ITV, while the pistol type demonstrated an elevated rhinologic symptom burden and ENS‐specific symptoms as their ITV increased. Nasal resistance did not correlate with the ITV in either type of ENS.ConclusionsSymptoms were paradoxically worse in ENS patients with greater remnant ITV, and distinct morphological phenotypes in the nasal cavities may result in different presentations. Further investigation into the correlation between remnant inferior turbinates and nerve function is warranted.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 134:3060–3066, 2024
Efficient management of benign laryngeal symptoms in an endoscopy outpatient clinic
Authors: Järvenpää Pia , Kinnari Teemu , Pietarinen Petra , Ilmarinen Taru 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectivesA globus and thick mucus in the throat are common reasons for referral to an ear, nose, and throat (ENT) specialist. ENT outpatient appointments focus on nasolaryngoscopy examinations, patient education, and reassurance. An endoscopic outpatient clinic (EOC) was established to efficiently manage patients with benign laryngeal symptoms.MethodsPatients referred between February 2022 and June 2023 due to a globus and/or thick mucus in the throat were immediately contacted via post. The contact letter included patient education about the potential underlying reasons for their symptoms and self‐care instructions. A 15‐min outpatient visit was scheduled for an ENT examination and nasolaryngoscopy. Patients completed a questionnaire about their current symptoms and whether they had followed the self‐care instructions just before visiting the EOC and 1‐month following their appointment.ResultsIn total, 203 patients examined in the EOC were included in the study. Before the EOC visit, most patients (89.2%) considered the information letter useful, it relieved concerns in 44.2% of patients, and 73.2% patients had already followed the self‐care instructions. After the 1‐month follow‐up period, symptoms diminished significantly (p < .001).ConclusionsInstructions for self‐care and encouragement relieved concerns among patients with benign laryngeal symptoms. Moreover, symptoms improved significantly after a 1‐month follow‐up period.Level of evidence4.
Metal loss and corrosion attack of FeCrAl overlay welds on evaporator tube shields of a waste‐fired power plant
Authors: Valiente Bermejo Maria Asuncion , Núñez Alice Moya , Norling Rikard 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThree FeCrAl alloys (APMT, EF100 and EF101) from Kanthal® and the reference Ni‐Cr Alloy 625 were used as weld cladding materials on tube shields in the evaporator tube bank of a waste‐fired combined heat and power plant. For each alloy type, the overlay welded tube shields were placed in both roof and floor positions within the evaporator for 6 months. The metal‐loss rate, the microstructure and hardness of the overlay welds before and after exposure and the corrosion products were analysed. The results showed higher metal‐loss rates in the welds placed in the roof position, confirming heterogeneities in the evaporator bank environment. Alloys were ranked from higher to lower erosion–corrosion resistance as follows: APMT ≈ Alloy 625 > EF101 > EF100. The analysis of the corrosion attacks showed a significant variation among the alloys, from a primarily homogeneous corrosion attack on APMT to intergranular corrosion in EF100 and pit formation in EF101.
Equivariant K$K$‐theory of flag Bott manifolds of general Lie type
Authors: Paul Bidhan , Uma Vikraman 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to describe the equivariant and ordinary Grothendieck ring and the equivariant and ordinary topological ‐ring of flag Bott manifolds of the general Lie type. This will generalize the results on the equivariant and ordinary cohomology of flag Bott manifolds of the general Lie type due to Kaji, Kuroki, Lee, and Suh.
Hybrid Photoiniferter and Ring‐Opening Polymerization Yields One‐Pot Anisotropic Nanorods
Authors: Hurst Paul Joshua , Yoon Junsik , Singh Riya , Abouchaleh Mohammed Faris , Stewart Kevin A. , Sumerlin Brent S. , Patterson Joseph P. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPolymerization‐induced self‐assembly (PISA) has emerged as a scalable one‐pot technique to prepare block copolymer (BCP) nanoparticles. Recently, a PISA process, that results in poly(l‐lactide)‐b‐poly(ethylene glycol) BCP nanoparticles coined ring‐opening polymerization (ROP)‐induced crystallization‐driven self‐assembly (ROPI‐CDSA), was developed. The resulting nanorods demonstrate a strong propensity for aggregation, resulting in the formation of 2D sheets and 3D networks. This article reports the synthesis of poly(N,N‐dimethyl acrylamide)‐b‐poly(l)‐lactide BCP nanoparticles by ROPI‐CDSA, utilizing a two‐step, one‐pot approach. A dual‐functionalized photoiniferter is first used for controlled radical polymerization of the acrylamido‐based monomer, and the resulting polymer serves as a macroinitiator for organocatalyzed ROP to form the solvophobic polyester block. The resulting nanorods are highly stable and display anisotropy at higher molecular weights (>12k Da) and concentrations (>20% solids) than the previous report. This development expands the chemical scope of ROPI‐CDSA BCPs and provides readily accessible nanorods made with biocompatible materials.
Population demographics and angler exploitation of Suwannee Bass in two Georgia rivers
Authors: Yeager Joel W. , Bonvechio Timothy F. , Hamel Martin J. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Objective
Suwannee Bass Micropterus notius are a unique black bass that are endemic to riverine systems in Georgia and Florida, USA. Despite their “near threatened” status by the International Union for Conservation of Nature's Red List, Suwannee Bass are a popular sport fish that can be harvested throughout their range under a single harvest regulation with all black basses (genus Micropterus). However, a single harvest regulation may have disproportion effects on Suwannee Bass because of their rarity, limited distribution, and sex-specific growth patterns.

Methods
Boat electrofishing was used to collect Suwannee Bass and Largemouth Bass M. nigricans from both the Withlacoochee and Ochlockonee rivers to assess population demographics and angler exploitation. Common fisheries assessment metrics were calculated and annual exploitation rate was estimated from high reward (US$100) tags under simulated variability in tag loss and angler reporting rates.

Result
We observed different relative abundance and size structure among river systems. Electrofishing catch per unit effort of Suwannee Bass was higher in the Withlacoochee River (6.89 fish/h) than the Ochlockonee River (2.01 fish/h). Length-frequency histograms suggested a wide breadth of lengths and presumed ages except for a lack of stock size Suwannee Bass in the Ochlockonee River. Eight percent of monetary reward tags were returned from anglers, yielding an overall exploitation estimate of 3.2%.

Conclusion
Annual angler exploitation rates of Suwannee Bass and Largemouth Bass were low (&lt;9.1%) in the Withlacoochee and Ochlockonee rivers of Georgia. Low exploitation coupled with a wide breadth of lengths and ages suggest these populations are currently not at risk of overexploitation.
Antibacterial performance of a copper nanoparticle thin film
Authors: Salah Intisar , Allan Elaine , Nair Sean P. , Parkin Ivan P. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe prevalence of the SARS‐CoV‐2 virus has led to an increased focus on cleaning and disinfecting surfaces in the community and hospitals. An inherently antibacterial thin film is reported to combat the transmission of microbes on glass surfaces that could be accessed by the public, reducing the need for constant cleaning. The copper nanoparticle thin film is synthesized via a sol–gel method and deposited using a dip‐coater to create a transparent, rugged film resistant to scratching. The antibacterial performance is tested by a droplet and an aerosol deposition technique, where Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus are sprayed directly onto the thin film, replicating coughs and sneezes: a common form of microbial transmission. The mechanism of antibacterial performance is studied by introducing reactive oxygen species quenchers to the thin film. This research presents copper nanoparticle thin films as an effective solution in reducing the transmission of microbes on glass surfaces and their potential as a valuable tool in preventing the spread of infectious diseases.
The dual role of microglia in ischemic stroke and its modulation via extracellular vesicles and stem cells
Authors: Haupt Matteo , Gerner Stefan T. , Doeppner Thorsten R. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractStem cell‐based therapies and extracellular vesicle (EV) treatment have demonstrated significant potential for neuroprotection against ischemic stroke. Although the neuroprotective mechanisms are not yet fully understood, targeting microglia is central to promoting neuroprotection. Microglia are the resident immune cells of the central nervous system. These cells are crucial in the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke. They respond rapidly to the site of injury by releasing pro‐inflammatory cytokines, phagocytizing dead cells and debris, and recruiting peripheral immune cells to the ischemic area. Although these responses are essential for clearing damage and initiating tissue repair, excessive or prolonged microglial activation can exacerbate brain injury, leading to secondary neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Moreover, microglia exhibit a dynamic range of activation states with the so‐called M1 pro‐inflammatory and M2 anti‐inflammatory phenotypes, representing the two ends of the spectrum. The delivery of both EVs and stem cells modulates microglial activation, suppressing pro‐inflammatory genes, influencing the expression of transcription factors, and altering receptor expression, ultimately contributing to neuroprotection. These findings underscore the importance of understanding the complex and dynamic role of microglia in the development of effective neuroprotective strategies to reduce the effects of ischemic stroke. In this review, we examine the current state of knowledge regarding the role of microglia in ischemic stroke, including their molecular and cellular mechanisms, activation states, and interactions with other cells. We also discuss the multifaceted contributions of microglia to stem cell‐ and EV‐based neuroprotection during an ischemic stroke to provide a comprehensive understanding of microglial functions and their potential implications in stroke therapies.
Exploring COVID‐19 patient's dignity and satisfaction: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Helali Sotoodeh Mina , Ahmadi Shad Maryam , Zare Mohammad , Khorasanizadeh Mohammad Hossein , Gillespie Mark 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAimWith the outbreak of COVID‐19 and associated challenges such as increased workload for health providers and shortage of equipment, it became more challenging to maintain patients' dignity and satisfaction. This study evaluated the patients' dignity and satisfaction with COVID‐19 in Kashan, Iran, in 2021.DesignA cross‐sectional descriptive study.MethodsIn total, 385 patients recovered from COVID‐19 were selected through sequential sampling method. Data were collected using demographic, patient dignity inventory, and patient satisfaction questionnaires. Data were analysed using descriptive analysis, independent t‐test, ANOVA, and Spearman‐Brown coefficient.ResultsThe mean age of patients was 50.57. The mean scores of patients' dignity and satisfaction were 1.622 ± 0.653 and 3.851 ± 0.548 (out of 5), respectively. The dignity rating was associated with age, gender, education, underlying disease, and length of hospital stay (p < 0.05); but patient satisfaction was only associated with education (p = 0.002). The results indicated that dignity and satisfaction have a significant direct correlation (r = −0.23, p < 0.001).Patient or Public ContributionThis study was designed based on the research priorities and needs in the field of clinical research and patients were involved in conducting the study via participating in data collection.