bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Logical Predicates in Higher-Order Mathematical Operational Semantics
Authors: Goncharov Sergey , Santamaria Alessio , Schröder Lutz , Tsampas Stelios , Urbat Henning 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWe present a systematic approach to logical predicates based on universal coalgebra and higher-order abstract GSOS, thus making a first step towards a unifying theory of logical relations. We start with the observation that logical predicates are special cases of coalgebraic invariants on mixed-variance functors. We then introduce the notion of a locally maximal logical refinement of a given predicate, with a view to enabling inductive reasoning, and identify sufficient conditions on the overall setup in which locally maximal logical refinements canonically exist. Finally, we develop induction-up-to techniques that simplify inductive proofs via logical predicates on systems encoded as (certain classes of) higher-order GSOS laws by identifying and abstracting away from their boiler-plate part.
Reachability in Fixed VASS: Expressiveness and Lower Bounds
Authors: Draghici Andrei , Haase Christoph , Ryzhikov Andrew 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe recent years have seen remarkable progress in establishing the complexity of the reachability problem for vector addition systems with states (VASS), equivalently known as Petri nets. Existing work primarily considers the case in which both the VASS as well as the initial and target configurations are part of the input. In this paper, we investigate the reachability problem in the setting where the VASS and the final configuration are fixed and only the initial configuration is variable. We show that fixed VASS fully express arithmetic with counting on initial segments of the natural numbers. It follows that there is a very weak reduction from any fixed such number-theoretic predicate (e.g. square-freeness or “$$N_1$$

N
1

is the number of primes smaller than $$N_2$$

N
2

”) to reachability in fixed VASS where configurations are presented in unary. If configurations are given in binary, we show that there is a fixed VASS with five counters whose reachability problem is PSPACE-hard.
From Mechanized Semantics to Verified Compilation: the Clight Semantics of CompCert
Authors: Blazy Sandrine 
Published: April 2024

AbstractCompCert is a formally verified compiler for C that is specified, programmed and proved correct with the Coq proof assistant. CompCert was used in industry to compile critical embedded software. Its correctness proof states that the compiler does not introduce bugs. This semantic preservation property involves the formal semantics of the source and target languages of the compiler.Reasoning on C semantics to prove compiler correctness is challenging, as C is a real language that was not designed with semantics in mind. This paper presents the operational style that was designed for the C semantics of CompCert in order to facilitate the mechanized reasoning on terminating and diverging programs, and details the semantics of the Clight source language of CompCert.
Fizzer: New Gray-Box Fuzzer
Authors: Jonáš Martin , Strejček Jan , Trtík Marek , Urban Lukáš 
Published: April 2024

AbstractFizzer is a new gray-box fuzzer. In contrast to common gray-box fuzzers that aim to cover both and branches of branching instructions, Fizzer primarily aims to cover both possible values and of Boolean expressions in the program. When a generated test evaluates a so-called atomic Boolean expression to one of these values, our fuzzer computes the distance to the other value, detects bytes that influence this distance, and applies gradient descent on these bytes to flip the value. In Test-Comp 2024, Fizzer placed third in the category Cover-Branches after FuSeBMC and FuSeBMC-AI.
Foundations for Query-based Runtime Monitoring of Temporal Properties over Runtime Models
Authors: Sakizloglou Lucas , Giese Holger , Lambers Leen 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn model-driven engineering, runtime monitoring of systems with complex dynamic structures is typically performed via a runtime model capturing a snapshot of the system state: the model is represented as a graph and properties of interest as graph queries which are evaluated over the model online. For temporal properties, history-aware runtime models encode a trace of timestamped snapshots, which is monitored via temporal graph queries. In this case, the query evaluation needs to consider that a trace may be incomplete, thus future changes to the model may affect current answers. So far there is no formal foundation for query-based monitoring over runtime models encoding incomplete traces.In this paper, we present a systematic and formal treatment of incomplete traces. First, we introduce a new definite semantics for a first-order temporal graph logic which only returns answers if no future change to the model will affect them. Then, we adjust the query evaluation semantics of a querying approach we previously presented, which is based on this logic, to the definite semantics of the logic. Lastly, we enable the approach to keep to its efficient query evaluation technique, while returning (the more costly) definite answers.
Monitoring the Future of Smart Contracts
Authors: Capretto Margarita , Ceresa Martin , Sánchez César 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBlockchains are decentralized systems that provide trustable execution guarantees through the use of programs called smart contracts. Smart contracts are programs written in domain-specific programming languages running on blockchains that govern how tokens and cryptocurrency are sent and received. Smart contracts can invoke other smart contracts during the execution of transactions initiated by external users.Once deployed, smart contracts running code cannot be modified, so techniques like runtime verification are very appealing for improving their reliability. Moreover, the conventional model of computation of smart contracts is transactional: once operations commit, their effects are permanent and cannot be undone. Therefore, errors in smart contracts may lead to millionaire losses of money.In this paper, we present the concept of future monitors which allows monitors to remain waiting for future transactions to occur before committing or aborting. This is inspired by optimistic rollups, which are modern blockchain implementations that increase efficiency (and reduce cost) by delaying transaction effects. We exploit this delay to propose a model of computation that allows bounded future monitors. We show our monitors correct respect with legacy transactions, how they implement bounded future monitors and how they guarantee progress. We illustrate the use of bounded future monitors by implementing correctly multi-transaction flash loans.
AI Upskilling and Digital Twins: A Service Science Perspective on the Industry 4.0 to Industry 5.0 Shift
Authors: Spohrer Jim 
Published: April 2024

AbstractTo create a more sustainable built-infrastructure for business and society, the shift from industry 4.0 to industry 5.0 broadens beyond primarily technology and economic goals to heighten the priority of lagging environmental and social goals. The industry 5.0 challenge is to take language and communications to a whole new level in human society. Because of the desire to achieve win-win outcomes where possible, the shift to industry 5.0 connects to concerns of the service science community, including: (1) the foundational insight that service system entities exist at multiple scales, and (2) the challenge that local optimization rarely leads to global optimization of systems with goals in an ecology of multi-scale actors that depend on the give and get of service. AI capabilities for service providers (and all stakeholders are service providers) may help to achieve the needed industry 5.0 stakeholder integration (STI). Explorations of service in the AI era from science, logic, and architecture perspectives suggest that AI upskilling and digital twins may be the key as (1) humanity adjusts to increasing AI technological capabilities, including building better models of each other, and (2) with better models of stakeholders, the opportunity to learn to invest more wisely and systematically in improving win-win interaction and change.
The photon content of the neutron
Authors:   The CTEQ-TEA collaboration, Xie Keping , Zhou Bei , Hobbs T. J. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In this work, we complete our CT18qed study with the neutron’s photon parton distribution function (PDF), which is essential for the nucleus scattering phenomenology. Two methods, CT18lux and CT18qed, based on the LUXqed formalism and the DGLAP evolution, respectively, to determine the neutron’s photon PDF have been presented. Various low-Q2 non-perturbative variations have been carefully examined, which are treated as additional uncertainties on top of those induced by quark and gluon PDFs. The impacts of the momentum sum rule as well as isospin symmetry violation have been explored and turned out to be negligible. A detailed comparison with other neutron’s photon PDF sets has been performed, which shows a great improvement in the precision and a reasonable uncertainty estimation. Finally, two phenomenological implications are demonstrated with photon-initiated processes: neutrino-nucleus W-boson production, which is important for the near-future TeV–PeV neutrino observations, and the axion-like particle production at a high-energy muon beam-dump experiment.
Exploring duality symmetries, multicriticality and RG flows at c = 2
Authors: Damia Jeremias Aguilera , Galati Giovanni , Hulik Ondrej , Mancani Salvo 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In this work, we study the realization of non-invertible duality symmetries along the toroidal branch of the c = 2 conformal manifold. A systematic procedure to construct symmetry defects is implemented to show that all Rational Conformal Field Theories along this branch enjoy duality symmetries. Furthermore, we delve into an in-depth analysis of two representative cases of multicritical theories, where the toroidal branch meets various orbifold branches. For these particular examples, the categorical data and the defect Hilbert spaces associated with the duality symmetries are obtained by resorting to modular covariance. Finally, we study the interplay between these novel symmetries and the various exactly marginal and relevant deformations, including some representative examples of Renormalization Group flows where the infrared is constrained by the non-invertible symmetries and their anomalies.
Asynchronous fieldwork in cross-country surveys: an application to physical activity
Authors: Poupakis Stavros , Salustri Francesco 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMulti-country surveys often aim at cross-country comparisons. A common quality standard is conducting these surveys within a common fieldwork period, across all participating countries. However, the rate the target sample is achieved within that fieldwork period in each country varies substantially. Thus, the distribution of the interview month often varies substantially in the final sample. This may lead to biased estimates of cross-country differences if the variable of interest exhibit a non-constant trend over time. We demonstrate the implications of such an asynchronous fieldwork, using physical activity measured in the European Social Survey Round 7 collected between September 2014 and January 2015. Accounting for fieldwork month, we present a set of different post-estimation predictions. Physical activity varies across interview month, with countries with more observations during autumn were upward-biased, compared to countries with more observations during winter. Our results demonstrate how comparisons between countries are affected when interview month is omitted, and how accounting for interview month in the analysis is an easy way to mitigate this problem.
Global, spatially explicit modelling of zenith wet delay with XGBoost
Authors: Crocetti Laura , Schartner Matthias , Zus Florian , Zhang Wenyuan , Moeller Gregor , Navarro Vicente , See Linda , Schindler Konrad , Soja Benedikt 
Published: April 2024

AbstractRadio signals transmitted by Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) satellites experience tropospheric delays. While the hydrostatic part, referred to as zenith hydrostatic delay (ZHD) when mapped to the zenith direction, can be analytically modelled with sufficient accuracy, the wet part, referred to as zenith wet delay (ZWD), is much more difficult to determine and needs to be estimated. Thus, there exist several ZWD models which are used for various applications such as positioning and climate research. In this study, we present a data-driven, global model of the spatial ZWD field, based on the Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost). The model takes the geographical location, the time, and a number of meteorological variables (in particular, specific humidity at several pressure levels) as input, and can predict ZWD anywhere on Earth as long as the input features are available. It was trained on ZWDs at 10718 GNSS stations and tested on ZWDs at 2684 GNSS stations for the year 2019. Across all test stations and all observations, the trained model achieved a mean absolute error of 6.1 mm, respectively, a root mean squared error of 8.1 mm. Comparisons of the XGBoost-based ZWD predictions with independently computed ZWDs and baseline models underline the good performance of the proposed model. Moreover, we analysed regional and monthly models, as well as the seasonal behaviour of the ZWD predictions in different climate zones, and found that the global model exhibits a high predictive skill in all regions and across all months of the year.
Excess conductivity and magnetoresistance analysis for (BSF)x/(Bi, Pb)-2223 composite
Authors: Matar M. , Mohamed I. E. , Abou-Aly A. I. , Awad R. , Anas M. , Hassan M. S. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis study examined the impact of adding hard ferrite Ba0.5Sr0.5Fe12O19 (BSF) nanoparticles to the Bi1.8Pb0.4Sr2Ca2Cu3.2O10+δ (Bi, Pb)-2223) superconductor phase. The investigation specifically focused on evaluating the critical current density, fluctuation-induced conductivity, and magnetoresistance of nano-(BSF)x/(Bi, Pb)-2223 composite, where 0.00 ≤ x ≤ 0.20 wt.%. The results revealed that the critical current density, Jc, increased with the addition of nano-(BSF) up to x = 0.04 wt.%, reaching a value of 441.20 A/cm2. The Aslamazov and Larkin (A–L) approach has been evaluated the fluctuation-induced conductivity. Several superconducting parameters, including coherence length ζc(0), effective layer thickness d, penetration depth λpd(0), and Fermi energy $${E}_{F}$$

E
F

showed improvement as the concentration of nano-(BSF) increased up to x = 0.04 wt.%. In addition to Ginzburg–Landau critical parameters, such as the thermodynamic critical field Bc(0), lower critical magnetic field Bc1(0), upper critical magnetic field Bc2(0), and critical current density Jc(0) demonstrated an increase up to x = 0.04 wt.%, followed by a decrease for higher concentrations. The magnetoresistance measurements were performed at various applied DC magnetic fields, with values ranging from 0.29 to 4.44 kG, and were analyzed using the thermally activated flux creep (TAFC) and Ambegaokar–Halperin (AH) models. The calculated flux pinning energy (U) increased with the addition of nano-(BSF) up to x = 0.04 wt.% and then decreased for x > 0.04 wt.%. Furthermore, the transition width (ΔT), was observed to increase as the applied magnetic field values increased. Moreover, the addition of nano-(BSF) increased the field-independent critical current density, Jc,0(0), up to x = 0.04 wt.%, after which it decreased for higher concentrations.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of the management of acute uncomplicated diverticulitis: time to change traditional practice
Authors: Mohamedahmed Ali Yasen , Zaman Shafquat , Das Niloy , Kakaniaris Georgios , Vakis Stelios , Eccersley James , Thomas Pradeep , Husain Najam 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
To evaluate comparative outcomes of outpatient (OP) versus inpatient (IP) treatment and antibiotics (ABX) versus no antibiotics (NABX) approach in the treatment of uncomplicated (Hinchey grade 1a) acute diverticulitis.

Methods
A systematic online search was conducted using electronic databases. Comparative studies of OP versus IP treatment and ABX versus NABX approach in the treatment of Hinchey grade 1a acute diverticulitis were included. Primary outcome was recurrence of diverticulitis. Emergency and elective surgical resections, development of complicated diverticulitis, mortality rate, and length of hospital stay were the other evaluated secondary outcome parameters.

Results
The literature search identified twelve studies (n = 3,875) comparing NABX (n = 2,008) versus ABX (n = 1,867). The NABX group showed a lower disease recurrence rate and shorter length of hospital stay compared with the ABX group (P = 0.01) and (P = 0.004). No significant difference was observed in emergency resections (P = 0.33), elective resections (P = 0.73), development of complicated diverticulitis (P = 0.65), hospital re-admissions (P = 0.65) and 30-day mortality rate (P = 0.91). Twelve studies (n = 2,286) compared OP (n = 1,021) versus IP (n = 1,265) management of uncomplicated acute diverticulitis. The two groups were comparable for the following outcomes: treatment failure (P = 0.10), emergency surgical resection (P = 0.40), elective resection (P = 0.30), disease recurrence (P = 0.22), and mortality rate (P = 0.61).

Conclusion
Observation-only treatment is feasible and safe in selected clinically stable patients with uncomplicated acute diverticulitis (Hinchey 1a classification). It may provide better outcomes including decreased length of hospital stay. Moreover, the OP approach in treating patients with Hinchey 1a acute diverticulitis is comparable to IP management. Future high-quality randomised controlled studies are needed to understand the outcomes of the NABX approach used in an OP setting in managing patients with uncomplicated acute diverticulitis.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Diagnostic power of ChatGPT 4 in distal radius fracture detection through wrist radiographs
Authors: Mert Sinan , Stoerzer Patrick , Brauer Johannes , Fuchs Benedikt , Haas-Lützenberger Elisabeth M. , Demmer Wolfram , Giunta Riccardo E. , Nuernberger Tim 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDistal radius fractures rank among the most prevalent fractures in humans, necessitating accurate radiological imaging and interpretation for optimal diagnosis and treatment. In addition to human radiologists, artificial intelligence systems are increasingly employed for radiological assessments. Since 2023, ChatGPT 4 has offered image analysis capabilities, which can also be used for the analysis of wrist radiographs. This study evaluates the diagnostic power of ChatGPT 4 in identifying distal radius fractures, comparing it with a board-certified radiologist, a hand surgery resident, a medical student, and the well-established AI Gleamer BoneView™. Results demonstrate ChatGPT 4’s good diagnostic accuracy (sensitivity 0.88, specificity 0.98, diagnostic power (AUC) 0.93), surpassing the medical student (sensitivity 0.98, specificity 0.72, diagnostic power (AUC) 0.85; p = 0.04) significantly. Nevertheless, the diagnostic power of ChatGPT 4 lags behind the hand surgery resident (sensitivity 0.99, specificity 0.98, diagnostic power (AUC) 0.985; p = 0.014) and Gleamer BoneView™(sensitivity 1.00, specificity 0.98, diagnostic power (AUC) 0.99; p = 0.006). This study highlights the utility and potential applications of artificial intelligence in modern medicine, emphasizing ChatGPT 4 as a valuable tool for enhancing diagnostic capabilities in the field of medical imaging.
Optokinetic stimulation for the treatment of vestibular and balance disorders: a systematic review with meta-analysis
Authors: Obrero-Gaitán Esteban , Sedeño-Vidal Ana , Peinado-Rubia Ana Belén , Cortés-Pérez Irene , Ibáñez-Vera Alfonso Javier , Lomas-Vega Rafael 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Objectives
To analyse the effectiveness of optokinetic stimulation (OKS) for improving symptoms and function in patients with vestibular and balance disorders.

Methods
PubMed (MEDLINE), SCOPUS, Web of Science (WOS), CINAHL Complete, and PEDro databases were searched to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that included patients with vestibular and balance disorders and compared the effects of OKS versus other interventions or no intervention on subjective or objective functional outcomes. Data were analysed by the standardized mean difference (SMD) and its 95% confidence interval.

Results
A total of 10 studies were selected including 468 patients, 177 of whom received OKS. There were no significant differences in scores on the Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI) (SMD = 0.02; 95% CI − 0.18 to 0.23; p = 0.83) or the visual analogue scale (VAS) for vertigo (SMD = 0.16; 95% CI − 1.25 to 1.58; p = 0.82). However, there were statistically significant differences in the timed up and go (TUG) test, with a large effect (SMD = − 1.13; 95% CI -2 to − 0.28; p = 0.009), and in the sensory organization test (SOT), with a medium effect (SMD = − 0.7; 95% CI − 1.21 to − 0.19; p = 0.007). Subgroup analysis showed significant effects of OKS on VAS (p = 0.017), TUG (p = 0.009) and SOT (p = 0.001) only in patients with balance disorders without vestibular disease (p > 0.05).

Conclusions
OKS may improve dizziness intensity measured with VAS or dynamic balance measured whit TUG and SOT in patients with balance disorders not due to vestibular disease. The quality of the evidence was low or very low due to the small number of included studies.

PROSPERO Registry number
CRD42023445024.
Keeping prior anticoagulation treatment in the acute phase of ischaemic stroke: the REKOALA study
Authors: Rigual Ricardo , Rodríguez-Pardo Jorge , Lorenzo-Diéguez Manuel , Fernández-Fernández Susana , Torres Iglesias Gabriel , Lastras Clara , Ruiz-Ares Gerardo , de Leciñana María Alonso , de Celis Elena , Casado-Fernández Laura , Hervás Carlos , Alonso Elisa , Díez-Tejedor Exuperio , Fuentes Blanca 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Introduction
A consensus on the management of anticoagulated patients in the acute phase of ischaemic stroke has not yet been established. We aimed to evaluate clinical outcomes in such patients based on the continuation or discontinuation of anticoagulation.

Methods
Retrospective study of patients with acute ischaemic stroke and cardioembolic source receiving anticoagulant therapy is done. Patients were classified based on the continuation or discontinuation of anticoagulation at admission. Clinical outcomes, haemorrhagic and ischaemic events were assessed. Multivariate logistic regression analysis, propensity score matching (PSM) analysis and a sub-analysis of patients with severe ischaemic stroke at admission (NIHSS score ≥ 15) were performed.

Results
Anticoagulation was continued in 147 (78.8%) of 186 patients. Patients continuing anticoagulant had lower NIHSS (median 5 vs 18, p < 0.001). There were no differences in haemorrhagic or ischaemic events. In the multivariate analysis, good functional outcome at discharge was higher in the continuation group, OR (CI95%) 3.77 (1.2–11.2). PSM analysis adjusted for potential confounders such as NIHSS had higher rates of good functional outcomes at discharge (80% vs 36%, p = 0.004) and at 90 days (76% vs 44%, p = 0.042) in the continuation group. Patients with severe stroke in this group had lower 90-day mortality (34.6% vs 62.5%, p = 0.045) and higher rates of good clinical outcome at discharge (33.3% vs 8.3%, p = 0.032). No differences were observed in 90-day haemorrhagic or ischaemic events.

Conclusion
Continuation of anticoagulation in patients with acute ischaemic stroke and cardioembolic source did not increase the risk of intracranial haemorrhage and may be associated with better functional outcomes.