bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study on temporal and spatial variations of excessive dissolved phosphorus in the Fuquan section of the Chong-an River
Authors: Lu Xiaobin 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

There were many phosphorus chemical enterprises and phosphogypsum slag fields in the Fuquan section of the Chong-an River in the Guizhou Province of China; therefore, the dissolved phosphorus in the Fengshanqiaobian water quality monitoring section of the area has exceeded 0.2 mg/L for a long time. This study analyzed the monitoring data of dissolved phosphorus, fluoride, nitrate–nitrogen, and chemical oxygen demand in the main stream and key tributaries of the Fuquan section of the Chong-an River from 2015 to 2021, in which the main exceeding factor was dissolved phosphorus of more than 0.2 mg/L; determined the variation law of phosphorus pollution in the water body of the Fuquan section of the Chong-an River, in which the exceedance of phosphorus was mainly concentrated in May of flood season and in January and March of the drought season; evaluated the sources of phosphorus pollution, in which the main pollution sources were from phosphogypsum slag field leakage, phosphorus chemical industry plant leakage, agricultural nonpoint source pollution; and presented measures to reduce phosphorus pollutants in rivers, such as strengthening phosphogypsum slag field and phosphorus chemical enterprise seepage prevention measures, and reducing the amount of phosphate fertilizer application.
Effects of carbonization temperature and time on the characteristics of carbonized sludge
Authors: Wan Junjie , Feng Xin , Li Biqing , Wang Mingsheng , Tang Xia , Chen Jun , Rong Jianyun , Ma ShanShan , Jiang Yiwen , Zhang Zemin 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

To investigate the influence of carbonization process parameters on the characteristics of municipal sludge carbonization products, this study selected carbonization temperatures of 300–700 °C and carbonization times of 0.5–1.5 h to carbonize municipal sludge. The results showed that with an increase in temperature and carbonization time, the sludge was carbonized more completely, and the structure and performance characteristics of the sludge changed significantly. Organic matter was continuously cracked, the amorphous nature of the material was reduced, its morphology was transformed into an increasing number of regular crystalline structures, and the content of carbon continued to decrease, from the initial 52.85 to 38.77%, while the content of inorganic species consisting continued to increase. The conductivity was reduced by 87.8%, and the degree of conversion of salt ions into their residual and insoluble states was significant. Natural water absorption in the sludge decreased from 8.13 to 1.29%, and hydrophobicity increased. The dry-basis higher calorific value decreased from 8,703 to 3,574 kJ/kg. Heavy metals were concentrated by a factor of 2–3, but the content of the available state was very low. The results of this study provide important technological support for the selection of suitable carbonization process conditions and for resource utilization.
Protective Effects and Mechanisms of Luteolin against Acute Respiratory
Distress Syndrome: Network Pharmacology and In vivo and In vitro Studies
Authors: Li Quan , Chen Juan , Ren Yi , Yang Zhizhou , Wang Mengmeng , Zhang Wei , Cao Liping , Sun Haijun , Nie Shinan , Sun Zhaorui 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) is an acute life-threatening disease,
and luteolin has the potential to become a therapeutic agent for ARDS. However, its mechanism of action has
not yet been clarified.

Objective:
The present study explored the potential effects and mechanisms of luteolin in the treatment of
ARDS through network pharmacology analysis and verified them through biological experiments.

Methods:
The potential targets of luteolin and ARDS were obtained from online databases. Functional enrichment
and protein-protein interaction (PPI) analyses were performed to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms
and to identify hub targets. Molecular docking was used to verify the relationship between luteolin and
target proteins. Finally, the effects of luteolin on key signaling pathways and biological processes were verified
by in vitro and in vivo experiments.

Results:
A total of 146 luteolin- and 496 ARDS-related targets were extracted from public databases. The network
pharmacological analysis suggested that luteolin could inhibit ARDS through the following potential
therapeutic targets: AKT1, RELA, and NFKBIA. Inflammatory and oxidative stress responses were the main
biological processes involved, with the AKT/NF-κB signaling pathway being the key signaling pathway targeted
by luteolin for the treatment of ARDS. Molecular docking analysis indicated that luteolin had a good binding
affinity to AKT1, RELA, and NFKBIA. The in vitro and in vivo experiments revealed that luteolin could
regulate the inflammatory response and oxidative stress in the treatment of ARDS by inhibiting the AKT/NF-
κB signaling pathway.

Conclusion:
Luteolin could reduce the production of reactive oxygen species and inflammatory factors by inhibiting
the AKT/NF-κB signaling pathway, thus reducing apoptosis and attenuating ARDS.
Identification of Molecular Correlations of GSDMD with Pyroptosis in
Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Song Tangtang , Chen Yan , Li Chen , Yao Yinhui , Ma Shuai , Shang Yazhen , Cheng Jianjun 
Published: April 2024

Aim:
An analysis of bioinformatics and cell experiments was performed to verify the relationship
between gasdermin D (GSDMD), an executive protein of pyroptosis, and Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Methods:
The training set GSE33000 was utilized to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in
both the AD group and control group, as well as in the GSDMD protein high/low expression group.
Subsequently, the weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and the least absolute
shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analysis were conducted, followed by the selection
of the key genes for the subsequent Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and
Genomes (KEGG) analyses. The association between GSDMD and AD was assessed and confirmed in
the training set GSE33000, as well as in the validation sets GSE5281 and GSE48350. Immunofluorescence
(IF) was employed to detect the myelin basic protein (MBP), a distinctive protein found in the
rat oligodendrocytes (OLN-93 cells). A range of concentrations (1-15 μmol/L) of β-amyloid 1-42
(Aβ1-42) were exposed to the cells, and the subsequent observations were made regarding cell morphology.
Additionally, the assessments were conducted to evaluate the cell viability, the lactate dehydrogenase
(LDH) release, the cell membrane permeability, and the GSDMD protein expression.

Results:
A total of 7,492 DEGs were screened using GSE33000. Subsequently, WGCNA analysis identified
19 genes that exhibited the strongest correlation with clinical traits in AD. Additionally, LASSO regression
analysis identified 13 key genes, including GSDMD, AFF1, and ATOH8. Furthermore, the investigation
revealed that the key genes were associated with cellular inflammation based on GO and
KEGG analyses. Moreover, the area under the curve (AUC) values for the key genes in the training and
validation sets were determined to be 0.95 and 0.70, respectively. Significantly, GSDMD demonstrated
elevated levels of expression in AD across both datasets. The positivity of MBP expression in cells exceeded
95%. As the concentration of Aβ1-42 action gradually escalated, the detrimental effects on cells
progressively intensified, resulting in a gradual decline in cell survival rate, accompanied by an increase
in lactate dehydrogenase release, cell membrane permeability, and GSDMD protein expression.

Conclusion:
The association between GSDMD and AD has been observed, and it has been found that Aβ1-42
can induce a significant upregulation of GSDMD in OLN-93 cells. This suggests that Aβ1-42 has the potential
to induce cellular pyroptosis and can serve as a valuable cellular pyroptosis model for the study of AD.
Vernodalin Triggers ROS-Mediated Apoptosis in TPC-1 Human Papillary
Thyroid Cancer Cells via Suppression of the MAPKs Signaling Pathway
Authors: Yang Xijia , Wei Meng , An Yuan , Liang Qinlong , Nan Jing , Vijayalakshmi Annamalai , Wang Zizhang 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Thyroid Cancer (TC) is an endocrine organ malignancy that has become
more common in recent decades. Vernodalin (VN), a cytotoxic sesquiterpene, has been reported
to exhibit anticancer properties against human breast and liver cancer cells. However, no study
has explored the efficacy of VN with respect to its antiproliferative and apoptotic action on human
Papillary Thyroid Cancer cells (PTC).

Objective:
The study intended to examine the antitumor and antiproliferative effects of VN and
the apoptosis mechanisms underlying its action on TPC-1 human PTC cells.

Methods:
In this study, we examined the VN cell viability by MTT assay; performed ROS
measurement by DCFH staining method, MMP identification by Rh-123 staining method, and
apoptotic morphological assay by employing AO/EB and DAPI stain method, and further, p38
MAPK/ERK/JNK cell proliferation markers were determined by western blotting technique.

Results:
The findings showed that VN could inhibit the growth of PTC cells by increasing intracellular
ROS, damaging MMP, and stimulating apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner.
The study demonstrated how VN inhibited TPC-1 cell viability by causing ROS-induced cell
death via the MAPK signaling pathway.

Conclusion:
VN may serve as an agonist to impact apoptosis in PTC cells. In human PTC, VN
could play an effective role in chemotherapy. More studies pertaining to animal tumor models
are needed to prove its anti-cancer effectiveness in vivo.
Knockdown of Ubiquitin-Conjugating Enzyme E2 T Abolishes the
Progression of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma by Inhibiting
NF-Κb Signaling and inducing Ferroptosis
Authors: Cai Feng , Xu Hongbo , Song Shilong , Wang Gengming , Zhang Yajun , Qian Jing , Xu Lu 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme 2T (UBE2T) has been reported to be associated
with uncontrolled cell growth and tumorigenesis in multiple cancer types. However, the understanding
of its regulatory role in the carcinogenesis of Head And Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
(HNSC) is limited.

Methods:
UBE2T expression in HNSC patient samples and the correlation between its expression
and patients’ survival rates were evaluated using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database.
Cell survival and proliferation were investigated in UM-SCC1 and UM-SCC15 cells infected with
control and shUBE2T lentivirus. The xenograft mouse model was established using UM-SCC15
cells to examine HNSC tumorigenesis with or without UBE2T. Western blot, qRT-PCR, and ferroptosis
assays were carried out to disclose the interaction between UBE2T and NF-κB signaling
and ferroptosis.

Results:
The increased expression of UBE2T was noted in tumor tissues of patients with HNSC,
correlating with a significantly reduced overall survival time in this patient cohort. Knockdown of
UBE2T inhibited HNSC tumorigenesis and tumor growth. Mechanistically, inhibition of UBE2T
suppressed NF-κB signaling and induced ferroptosis in HNSC.

Conclusion:
Our study underscores the multifaceted role of UBE2T in HNSC, illuminating its potential
as a biomarker and therapeutic target.
The Value of Computer Vision in Identifying the Bone of Dialysis Patients
Authors: Zhang Wei , Sun Dong , Zhang Xiaoli , Wu Gang 
Published: April 2024

Background::
In the end stage of kidney disease, abnormal levels of blood calcium, phosphorus, and parathyroid hormone lead to bone metabolism disorders,
manifesting as osteoporosis or fibrocystic osteoarthritis. X-ray, CT, and MR are useful for detecting bone lesions in dialysis patients, but currently,
computer vision has not yet been used for this purpose.

Methods::
ResNet is a powerful deep CNN model, which has not yet been used to distinguish between the bones of dialysis patients and healthy people.
Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the ability of the Resnet50 model to identify the bone of dialysis patients from normal bone.

Results::
CT images of 200 cases (100 dialysis patients and 100 healthy people aged 31-72 years with male:female ratio of 51:49) were randomly divided
into the training and testing groups at the ratio of 8:2. The module of ‘torch’ was used to train the model of Resnet50 for the current task of image
classification. In the test cohort, the accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity with hyper-parameter=0 were 60%, 65%, and 55%, respectively. When
the hyper-parameter was 0.6 or 0.7 versus 0, the accuracy was significantly higher (P<0.05). When the hyper-parameter was another number, the
accuracy was not significantly different from that with no hyper-parameter (P>0.05).

Conclusion::
This study has indicated computer vision to be suitable for identifying bone changes caused by dialysis; a hyper-parameter has been found
necessary for improving model accuracy. The ResNet50 model with hyper-parameter = 0.7 has exhibited 90% sensitivity in identifying the bone of
dialysis patients.
Antioxidant Properties of Brassica Rapa L. Seeds and Immunostimulant Effect on Immunity Broilers Cells (Gallus Gallus Domesticus)
Authors: Laaraj Soukaina , Ouahidi Ibtissam , Al Moudani Nada , Boukir Abdellatif , Jaouhar Samira , Er Raouan Safae , Aarab Lotfi 
Published: April 2024

Background:
In the past few decades, researchers have focused on finding the benefits
of natural substances derived from plants.

Objective:
This study aimed to evaluate the use of Brassica rapa seeds in poultry feed as an antioxidant
and immunostimulant of host defenses.

Methods:
We prepared three extracts using ethanol, Ethyl Acetate, and water. Spectrophotometric
methods determined the total phenolic and flavonoid content in the three extracts. Antioxidant
activity was assessed using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ferric reducing/antioxidant
power (FRAP), 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS)
radicals and β-Carotene bleaching methods. An assessment of their immunostimulant activities in
vitro was performed on chicken immunity cell proliferation (splenocytes, thymocytes, and Bursa
cells) and IgY production.

Results:
The total phenolic contents ranged from 462.5 to 794.8 mg /g of extract, the order of
TPC was as follows: EtOAc > EtOH >Water. Flavonoid contents were, 63.7 mg in EtOH extract,
81.2 mg in EtOAc extract, and 108.7 mg/g Extract in aqueous extract. By DPPH, the IC50s of
EtOH, EtOAc, and water, were 1.8μg/ml, 2.4μg/ml, and 1.5μg/ml, respectively. Using the Ferric-
Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP), we remarked that the EtOH and EtOAc extracts have important
antioxidant powers. The ABTS assay indicated that EtOH and water had the highest activities
with IC50s of 0.19 and 0.07, respectively. Finally, by the β-carotene bleaching test, we observed
that the IC50 of the EtOH, EtOAc, and water were 62.1 μg/mL; 72.7 μg/mL, and 45.8
μg/mL, respectively. The results obtained indicate that Brassica aqueous extract stimulates humoral
immunity by stimulating splenocyte (B and T-lymphocytes) and Bursa cell (B-lymphocyte)
proliferation by more than 200% of response vs control. In addition, the aqueous extract highly
stimulated the function of bursa cells by 208% of the reaction. In the same conditions, we recorded
a stimulation of cellular immunity mediated by thymocytes by an increase in cell proliferation
(352.7% of response) implicated in virus protection. These extracts also possessed an antimicrobial
effect against diverse microorganisms such as coliforms and Staphylococcus. The FT-IR
spectrum indicated that the hydroxyl group (phenol), hydroxybenzoic acid family, carbohydrate
molecules such as glucopyranose, a carbonyl ester group, hydrocarbon chains (alkyls groups))
were present.

Conclusion:
This result could have interesting applications in the poultry feed industry to enhance
the performance of animal development.
GB5mCPred: Cross-species 5mc Site Predictor Based on Bootstrap-based Stochastic Gradient Boosting Method for Poaceae
Authors: Sinha Dipro , Dasmandal Tanwy , Yeasin Md , Mishra Dwijesh Chandra , Rai Anil , Archak Sunil 
Published: April 2024

Background:
One of the most prevalent epigenetic alterations in all three kingdoms of
life is 5mC, which plays a part in a wide range of biological functions. Although in-vitro techniques
are more effective in detecting epigenetic alterations, they are time and cost-intensive. Artificial intelligence-
based in silico approaches have been used to overcome these obstacles.

Aim:
This study aimed to develop a ML-based predictor for the detection of 5mC sites in Poaceae.

Objective:
The objective of this study was the evaluation of machine learning and deep learning
models for the prediction of 5mC sites in rice.

Methods:
In this study, the vectorization of DNA sequences has been performed using three distinct
feature sets- Oligo Nucleotide Frequencies (k = 2), Mono-nucleotide Binary Encoding, and Chemical
Properties of Nucleotides. Two deep learning models, long short-term memory (LSTM) and Bidirectional
LSTM (Bi-LSTM), as well as nine machine learning models, including random forest,
gradient boosting, naïve bayes, regression tree, k-Nearest neighbour, support vector machine, adaboost,
multiple logistic regression, and artificial neural network, were investigated. Also, bootstrap
resampling was used to build more efficient models along with a hybrid feature selection module for
dimensional reduction and removal of irrelevant features of the vector space.

Result:
Random Forest gains the maximum accuracy, specificity and MCC, i.e., 92.6%, 86.41%
and 0.84. Gradient Boosting obtained the maximum sensitivity, i.e., 96.85%. The Technique for Order
of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) technique showed that the best three
models were Random Forest, Gradient Boosting, and Support Vector Machine in terms of accurate
prediction of 5mC sites in rice. We developed an R-package, ‘GB5mCPred,’ and it is available in
CRAN (https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/GB5mcPred/index.html). Also, a user-friendly prediction
server was made based on this algorithm (http://cabgrid.res.in:5474/).

Conclusion:
With nearly equal TOPSIS scores, Random Forest, Gradient Boosting, and Support
Vector Machine ended up being the best three models. The major rationale may be found in their architectural
design since they are gradual learning models that can capture the 5mC sites more correctly
than other learning models.
Mavacamten: A Review of a Novel Therapeutic Approach for
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Abdul Qadir Memon Ayesha , Shamim Areeba , Mirza Sanoober , Osama Muhammad , Naeem Muhammad Iyad , R. Wei Calvin 
Published: April 2024

Abstract:
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a heart disease that can cause left ventricular
hypertrophy, arrhythmias, heart failure, and sudden cardiac death. Currently, pharmacological
treatment is limited and ineffective. Mavacamten (CamzyosTM) is a cardiac myosin inhibitor developed
as a therapeutic option to reduce myocardial contractility and restoration of myocardial
function. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the use of Mavacamten in 2022
for HCM symptoms. Clinical studies have proven that Mavacamten can reduce Left Ventricular
Outflow Tract (LVOT) involvement, cardiac hypercontraction, and hypertrophy. This review
provides an overview of HCM, its pathophysiology, current treatments, synthesis of Mavacamten,
and the clinical trials of Mavacamten.
Transethosomal Carrier of Curcumin for Improved Topical Delivery:
Optimization, In-vitro and Stability Assessment
Authors: Rathod Raju , Pawar Pravin 
Published: April 2024

Objective:
Currently, there is a clear lack of effective topical treatments for psoriasis. In
light of this unaddressed requirement, the work intends to develop, enhance, and assess the effectiveness
of a curcumin transethosomal gel for managing psoriasis. This work signifies the delivery
of a potential solution to fill the gap in topical psoriasis treatment.

Material and Methods:
Curcumin-loaded transethosomes were prepared using a mechanical dispersion
method. An initial study was conducted to determine the ideal concentrations of Lipoid
S100 and Isopropyl Myristate (IPM). To refine the ultimate transethosomal formulation, a full factorial
design (32) was employed, incorporating different levels of Lipoid S100 and IPM. Drug release
investigations and pharmacokinetics assessments of curcumin concentrations were performed
using a specialized dissolution apparatus and an animal model, respectively.

Results:
The characterization profile and analytical examinations have affirmed the stability of the
formulation throughout the study duration. Our findings indicate that the drug release mechanism
conforms to a diffusion pattern akin to Fickian transport. Furthermore, In-vivo investigations revealed
that the curcumin concentration in the bloodstream after oral administration was significantly
superior to that of the conventional formulation.

Conclusion:
Using curcumin-loaded transethosomes extends drug contact time and facilitates controlled
drug release, leading to enhanced bioavailability, decreased dosage needs, and heightened
patient safety.
Management of Gingivitis: Contemporary Approaches and Recent Therapeutic Advancements
Authors: Girbane Yuvraj Rameshrao , Wal Pranay , Khare Riya , Sarkar Sanjiban Utpalkumar , Bhise Manish Ramesh , Singh Virendra , Tyagi Lalit Kumar , Wal Ankita 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Gingivitis, commonly known as gum disease, refers to several types of inflammatory diseases that impact the connective tissues that surround the teeth. Gingivitis causes swelling, redness, and bleeding of the gums in its early stages.

Objective:
This article aims to describe the standard gingivitis medication. It emphasizes recent advancements in the initial therapy, treatment, and healing mechanisms of gingivitis for achievement in the clinical testing of medicines that promise to enable disease modification in patients. Also, it aims to review recent advancements and emerging therapeutic developments in the management of gingivitis, including gene-based therapies, nanotherapies, anti-cytokine therapies, stem cell-based therapies, and probiotic therapies.

Methods:
The information for the review articles was acquired by using Google Scholar and PubMed as search engines, as well as a number of publishers, including Springer Nature, Ben-tham Science, Taylor & Francis, Elsevier, and Frontier.

Result and Discussion:
Gingivitis is a gum disease and scaling root planning (SRP) is now the most common kind of periodontitis therapy available. It has the potential to deliver significant therapeutic success, but it can also have substantial problems that reduce the quality of life of a patient. Stem cell therapies, gingivitis genetic engineering, nuclear-based medicines, and other advances have given people hope that a wide range of illnesses, especially genetic disorders, can be cured.

Conclusion:
The current gingivitis therapies are successful and continually evolving, with sev-eral drugs currently in clinical trials. These innovative medicines, when combined, may alter gingivitis treatment in the next few years. Finally, gingivitis therapy requires professional dental care and patient education on oral hygiene. Nonetheless, further research and clinical studies are necessary to validate the efficacy, safety, and long-term benefits of these novel treatment modalities.