bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Employed mothers: Interrole conflict, spouse support and marital functioning
Authors: Suchet Melanie , Barling Julian 
Published: July 2007

AbstractIncreased participation by mothers in the labour force may exert a negative effect on working mothers themselves (e.g. interrole conflict) and influence the marital relationship negatively. Recent research suggests that not all individuals experiencing psychological distress suffer psychological strain (e.g. marital discord). Rather, variables such as social support moderate negative effects of psychological stressors. To test this, sixty‐four employed mothers (M age = 36 years) completed interrole conflict and spouse support scales. Marital satisfaction, verbal and nonverbal communication were the criteria operationalized to assess marital functioning. Using moderated multiple regression analyses, interrole conflict and spouse support predicted marital satisfaction and verbal communication significantly. In addition, spouse support may moderate negative effects of interrole conflict on marital satisfaction and verbal communication. With regard to nonverbal communication, spouse support was both a significant main effect and possibly a moderator of interrole conflict. The role of spouse support, conceptual and treatment implications, and future research priorities are identified.
Studying job stress: Are we making mountains out of molehills?
Authors: Brief Arthur P. , Atieh Jennifer M. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractJob stress researchers are urged to examine job conditions which threaten workers' experienced quality of life. The relationship between measures of job‐related strains and well‐being is discussed. Past theorizing and research suggests that it is not safe to assume that job conditions which have an adverse impact on affective reactions to the job (a frequently used indicator of job strain) will also have a negative impact on overall subjective well‐being. One set of job conditions which may be particularly relevant for well‐being is identified and discussed, namely those conditions related to the economic instrumentality of work. Finally, some methodological suggestions for future research in the job stress area are offered.
Configuration of a functional department: A study of contextual and structural variables
Authors: Twomey Daniel , Scher Frederick C. , Hunt Walter S. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis study investigates whether departments performing the same functions in different firms incur similar changes in structural configuration in response to industry‐wide stimuli. Based on the proposition that the context of functional departments is similar across firms, changes in differentiation, integration, and perspective are hypothesized. Managers' perceptions of the validity of a series of statements to conditions five to 10 years ago and to present conditions are contrasted and show statistically significant shifts in these structural configurations. This change is confirmed by the analysis of responses of other managers in different departments within the same firms. Correlation analysis shows significant agreement among alternative measures of the same aspects of structure, and significant comovement among different structural dimensions. The later result supports the quantum theory of organizations.
The identification and classification of reactions to sexual harassment
Authors: Terpstra David E. , Baker Douglas D. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractDistinct forms of reactions to sexual harassment were identified in the current study, and a classification scheme was developed based upon those reactions. One hundred forty two male and 100 female upper‐division undergraduate management students and 44 working women read 18 randomly ordered scenarios, each of which depicted a woman being exposed to a different form of sexual harassment by a man. For each incident, the subjects were asked to write down what they themselves would do if they were in the woman's place. The resulting 5148 open‐ended responses were systematically sorted into 10 classes of reaction types. In addition to assessing the reliability and validity of the classification scheme, the relative frequency of employment of the various classes was examined. Comparisons of the reactions of men and women students and comparisons of the reactions of working women and women students yielded few significant differences.
Quantitative trait loci for red blood cell traits in swine
Authors: Reiner G. , Fischer R. , Hepp S. , Berge T. , Köhler F. , Willems H. 
Published: July 2007

SummaryHaematological traits are essential diagnostic parameters in veterinary practice but knowledge on the genetic architecture controlling variability of erythroid traits is sparse, especially in swine. To identify QTL for erythroid traits in the pig, haematocrit (HCT), haemoglobin (HB), erythrocyte counts (RBC) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin content (MCHC) were measured in 139 F2 pigs from a Meishan/Pietrain family, before and after challenge with the protozoan pathogen Sarcocystis miescheriana. The pigs passed through three stages representing acute disease, reconvalescence and chronic disease. Forty‐three single QTL controlling erythroid traits were identified on 16 chromosomes. Twelve of the QTL were significant at the genome‐wide level while 31 were significant at a chromosome‐wide level. Because erythroid traits varied with health and disease status, QTL influencing the erythroid phenotypes showed specific health/disease patterns. Regions on SSC5, 7, 8, 12 and 13 contained QTL for baseline erythroid traits, while the other QTL regions affected distinct stages of the disease model. Single QTL explained 9–17% of the phenotypic variance in the F2 animals. Related traits were partly under common genetic influence. Our analysis confirms that erythroid trait variation differs between Meishan and Pietrain breeds and that this variation is associated with multiple chromosomal regions.
The transport and metabolism of gibberellins A1 and A5 in excised segments from internodes of Phaseolus coccineus
Authors: Jacobs William P. , Beall Frederick D. , Pharis Richard P. 
Published: July 2007

Jacobs, W. P., Beall, F. D. and Pharis, R. P. 1988. The transport and metabolism of gibberellins A1 and A5 in excised segments from internodes of Phaseolus coccineus. ‐Physiol. Plant. 72: 529–534.The transport and metabolism of gibberellins (GAs) ([3H]‐GA, and [3H]‐GA5) of high specific radioactivity were investigated in excised segments from young internodes of Phaseolus coccineus L. Both GA1 and GA5 are native to this species and present in shoot tissue. The segments, 5.1 mm long, were incubated for 6 h in the horizontal position with agar donor blocks containing the [3H]‐GA on the morphological apical or basal ends and with plain agar receiver blocks on the opposite end. At the end of incubation, the individual agar blocks were analyzed immediately for total radioactivity, or both blocks and intervening tissue were frozen and freeze‐dried for later chromatographic analysis.The movement of both [3H]‐GA, and [3H]‐GA5 was found to be consistently without polarity. However, approximately 5‐fold more [3H]‐GA, than [3H]‐GA5 was transported through the Phaseolus segments into receivers when equal amounts were in the donors. The extractable radioactivity from receiver blocks was primarily that of the donor GA. No putative GA conjugates were found in any class of receivers, but more GA metabolites were found in the free acid fraction from acropetal than basipetal receivers. Chromatographic analysis by reversed phase C18 high performance liquid chromatography of the tissue segments showed that [3H]‐GA, was metabolized more than [3H]‐GA5. Tissue adjacent to receiver blocks contained not only the precursor GA from the donor, but also polar ‘free GA metabolites’ and putative GA glucosyl conjugates. These results provide evidence that GA., which is the known ‘effector’ GA for elongation in shoot tissue of several species, is more effectively transported than GA5 (a known precursor of GA1) or than GA1s more polar metabolites.
Biochemical basis of high‐temperature inhibition of ethylene biosynthesis in ripening tomato fruits
Authors: Biggs M. Scott , Woodson William R. , Handa Avtar K. 
Published: July 2007

Biggs, M. S., Woodson, W. R. and Handa, A. K. 1988. Biochemical basis of high‐temperature inhibition of ethylene biosynthesis in ripening tomato fruits. Physiol. Plant. 72: 572578Incubation of fruits of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv. Rutgers) at 34°C or above resulted in a marked decrease in ripening‐associated ethylene production. High temperature inhibition of ethylene biosynthesis was not associated with permanent tissue damage, since ethylene production recovered following transfer of fruits to a permissive temperature. Determination of pericarp enzyme activities involved in ethylene biosynthesis following transfer of fruits from 25°C to 35 or 40°C revealed that 1‐aminocyclopropane‐l‐carboxylic acid (ACC) synthase (EC 4.4.1.14) activity declined rapidly while ethylene forming enzyme (EFE) activity declined slowly. Removal of high temperature stress resulted in more rapid recovery of ACC synthase activity relative to EFE activity. Levels of ACC in pericarp tissue reflected the activity of ACC synthase before, during, and after heat stress. Recovery of ethylene production following transfer of pericarp discs from high to permissive temperature was inhibited in the presence of cycloheximide, indicating the necessity for protein synthesis. Ethylene production by wounded tomato pericarp tissue was not as inhibited by high temperature as ripening‐associated ethylene production by whole fruits.
Involvement of a neutral proteolytic activity in the senescence of unpollinated ovaries of Pisum sativum>
Authors: Carrasco Pedro , Carbonell Juan 
Published: July 2007

Carrasco, P. and Carbonell, J. 1988. Involvement of a neutral proteolytic activity in the senescence of unpollinated ovaries of Pisum sativum. ‐ Physiol. Plant. 72: 610–616.The study of proteolysis by autodigestion in extracts from developing (gibberellic acid‐treated) or senescing (non‐treated) unpollinated ovaries of Pisum sativum L. cv. Alaska indicated the presence of two main proteolytic activities sensitive to inhibitors of sulfhydryl proteases. One of them was active at acidic pH and was present both in developing and senescent ovaries. The other one, active at neutral pH, was only detected in non‐treated ovaries and was identified by the hydrolysis of the large subunit of ribulose‐l,5‐bisphosphate (RuBP) carboxylase (EC 4.1.1.39). Senescence of non‐treated ovaries was also associated with an increase in proteolytic activity measured with a Coomassie Blue reagent and by determination with ninhydrin of a‐NH2 groups released after autodigestion of the extracts. The presence of the neutral proteolytic activity only in senescing ovaries, but not in developing ones, suggests that it plays a key role in the senescence of pea ovaries and that its appearance is prevented by gibberellic acid.
Polyphenol oxidase: The chloroplast oxidase with no established function
Authors: Vaughn Kevin C. , Lax Alan R. , Duke Stephen O. 
Published: July 2007

Vaughn, K. C, Lax, A. R. and Duke, S. O. 1988. Polyphenol oxidase: The chloroplast oxidase with no established function. ‐ Physiol. Plant. 72: 659–665.Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) is an enzyme localized on the thylakoids of chloroplasts and in vesicles or other bodies in non‐green plastid types. Although virtually all plastids contain PPO, little or no detectable activity is associated with guard cell and bundle sheath cell chloroplasts. Despite this nearly ubiquitous occurrence, no function for this enzyme has been established. The enzyme is nuclear‐encoded and, unlike most chloroplast proteins is not encoded as a larger M, precursor molecule. This lack of a transit peptide sequence may be related to a unique mechanism of uptake, apparently involving inner envelope‐derived vesicles. The M, range of most of the PPO forms is 36–45 kDa. PPO is apparently not involved in phenolic biosynthesis but is probably involved with the production of o‐quinones during pathogen invasion. A role for PPO as an “oxygen buffer” is postulated, but little concrete data have been collected on any other functional role for this enzyme.
Proteolysis of ribulose‐1,5‐bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase in leaves of Citrus explants throughout the annual cycle and its regulation by ethylene
Authors: Peñarrubia Lola , Moreno Joaquín , García‐Martínez José L. 
Published: July 2007

Leaf senescence and ribulose‐1,5‐bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBP carboxylase, EC 4.1.1.39) degradation in orange [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck cv. Washington Navel] explants have been investigated. Explants consisted of a segment of stem (ca 15 cm) and 5 mature leaves. In vitro RuBP carboxylase degradation was determined by culturing the explants in water for different periods of time (3 days usually) and quantifying the two RuBP carboxylase subunits in the extracts following sodium dodecyl sulfate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE). In vitro RuBP carboxylase degradation was estimated by autodigestion of leaf extracts and SDS‐PAGE. The extent of in vivo RuBP carboxylase degradation in explants cultured under 16 h light/8 h dark photoperiod varied throughout the year and showed a cyclic behaviour correlated with the growth cycle of Citrus. The highest proteolytic activity both in vivo and in vitro was found in explants made from April to August coinciding with the maximum vegetative growth period of the tree.Leaf senescence and abscission could be retarded significantly at any time of the year by maintaining the explants continuously in the dark. Treatment of the explants in the dark with a continuous flow of ethylene enhanced both leaf abscission and rate of RuBP carboxylase degradation, proportionally to ethylene concentration (0.1‐0.6 ppm). Ethylene‐induced senescence of Citrus leaf explants in the dark appears to be a convenient model system to study the regulation of the proteolytic degradation of RuBP carboxylase.
Influence of red irradiation and of removal of integuments on the metabolism of (±) [2‐14C]‐abscisic acid by Lactuca sativa Grand Rapids achenes
Authors: Orlandini M. , Barthe Ph. , Bulard C. 
Published: July 2007

Achenes of Lactuca saliva L. cv. Grand Rapids, imbibed for 6 h in water or in a 10 µM solution of non‐radioactive abscisic acid (ABA), were cultivated on (2‐14C]‐ABA (10 µM) for 40 to 90 h. Red irradiation (660 ± 2.5 nm, 5 min, 2 W m ‐2) or removal of integuments were carried out before transfer to (2‐14C]‐ABA. When both treatments were applied, irradiation preceded removal of integuments. Imbibition and culture took place in darkness at 24°C. Two acidic diethyl ether phases, which contained the free acids (free phase) and the acids released after mild alkaline hydrolysis, respectively, were isolated. They were analyzed by thin layer chromatography (TLC). as well as the remaining aqueous phase.Both red irradiation and removal of integuments led to increased [2‐14C|‐ABA uptake. Application of ABA during imbibition partly limited the stimulating effect of red irradiation on radioactive ABA uptake. Red irradiation stimulated [2‐14C|‐ABA metabolism by achenes, favouring the formation of the polar compound found in the remaining aqueous phase. Removal of the integuments stimulated metabolism notably, leading to an increase of the radioactivity in the remaining aqueous phase. This treatment also induced the appearance of new metabolites in the free phase (compound believed to be 7'‐hydroxy‐ABA) as well as in the remaining aqueous phase. The glucose ester of ABA was the only representative compound of the ester phase. Irrespective of the experimental conditions, there was no classical oxidative metabolism indicating that oxygen was not the limiting factor.
Genital co‐infection with herpes simplex viruses type 1 and 2: comparison of real‐time PCR assay and traditional viral isolation methods
Authors: Perkins Dana , Chong Haengcha , Irvine Barbara , Domagalski Jason 
Published: July 2007

AbstractWe report the clinical case of a genital outbreak with both Herpes Simplex Type 1 (HSV‐1) and Herpes Simplex Type 2 (HSV‐2) during pregnancy. Herpes was presumptively identified by clinical presentation of lesion and Tzanck smear while serotypes were identified by cell culture and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). This case report highlights the need for increased surveillance of both serotypes in genital infection of pregnant women for effective disease management and reduced risk of transmission. Increasing rates of genital infection with HSV‐1, the possibility of genital co‐infection with HSV‐1 and HSV‐2 and the non‐specificity and lack of sensitivity of traditional viral isolation methods may lead to under‐diagnosis of genital HSV‐1 infections unless molecular diagnostic methods, such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) are routinely deployed in the clinical setting.
Landmark discoveries in intracellular transport and secretion
Authors: Paknikar Kishore M. 
Published: July 2007

Introduction
Discovery of proteins involved in intracellular vesicle budding and fusion
Discovery of the ‘porosome’: intracellular vesicle budding and fusion the cells secretion machinery

AbstractCellular protein transport and secretion is fundamental to the very existence of an organism, regulating important physiological functions such as reproduction, digestion, energy production, growth, neurotransmission, hormone release, water and ion transport, etc., all required for the survival and maintenance of homeostasis within an organism. Molecular understanding of transport and secretion of intracellular product has therefore been of paramount importance and aggressively investigated for over six decades. Only in the last 20 years, the general molecular mechanism of the process has come to light, following discovery of key proteins involved in ER‐Golgi transport, and discovery of the ‘porosome’– the universal secretion machinery in cells.
Education and the Prevention of AIDS
Authors: Cleary Paul D. 
Published: July 2007

Over the years, Jay Katz has consistently emphasized the need to consider both the psychodynamic factors and more general societal forces that play a role in shaping the way individuals and society respond to patients. In their 1975 book on catastrophic diseases, Katz and Capron addressed the central question of who should have the authority to make the decisions affecting those afflicted with catastrophic diseases: a theme that appears repeatedly in the insightful writing of Katz. In The Silent World of Doctor and Patient he presents a compelling case that patients’ deasion-making is an idea alien to the ethos of medicine. He has argued frequently for the importance of patient autonomy and has showed us how important conscious, as well as unconscious, and rational, as well as irrational forces are in shaping our actions.In his work, Dr. Katz writes primarily about how physicians and patients should interact to arrive at decisions about research and treatment. These issues are certainly salient when considering the way acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) should be treated and how we should evaluate new therapies.
Towards Progress in Resolving Dilemmas in International Research Ethics
Authors: Benatar Solomon R. 
Published: July 2007

Interest in the ethics of research on human subjects, stimulated by atrocious human experimentation during WWII and the resultant Nuremberg Code, has been sustained by examples of unethical research in many countries and by proliferation of codes and guidelines. Such interest has intensified in recent years in association with expanding international collaborative research endeavors. The ongoing controversy in international research ethics takes place at two levels. At the practical level it is about the competing concerns of those predominantly interested in doing research to advance knowledge and those who, while supporting the need for research, are more acutely aware of the potential to exploit vulnerable participants, especially in developing countries. At the level of theory the controversy pits ethical universalism against moral relativism.In her recent review of agreements and controversies in international research ethics, Ruth Macklin has concluded that, despite seeming agreement on several issues, many different viewpoints persist. In her view it is unlikely that these will be resolved easily.
A Novel Continuous Alternate Motion Mechanism With Two Input Wheels
Authors: Quaglia Giuseppe , Maffiodo Daniela , Pescarmona Francesco 
Published: July 2007

Abstract
This paper presents the design of a mechanism with the following specifications: continuous alternate motion, wide motion phases with constant angular velocity, parallel input and output shafts, and great strokes. Those specifications derive from a possible application in the textile field. The mechanism is composed of two star wheels properly coupled together: there are two counter-rotating input wheels, alternately coupling with slots first, then teeth at each side of the output wheel. As usual for star wheels, pins and slots handle the acceleration and deceleration phases, while the constant velocity phase is performed by coupling sectors of toothed gears. A proper design of pins and slots is performed, so that at the same time when a pin from one input wheel is releasing a slot, a pin from the other input wheel engages a slot on the other side of the output wheel, forcing the latter to an opposite motion. In this way the output wheel has a continuous and smooth alternate motion. By annihilating the arrest phases typical of star wheels, the proposed system eliminates the discontinuities in the acceleration diagram. The paper develops a complete parametrical analysis of the device, underlining the effect of the constraints on the shape of the motion laws with particular emphasis on the acceleration and deceleration phases. In this way the output wheel has a continuous and smooth alternate motion. With respect to an analogous mechanism realizing the same laws of motion, e.g., cams, this device is very compact and economical, also presenting parallel input and output shafts, and significantly reduces sliding and wear.
Combinations of Cytochrome P450 Gene Polymorphisms Enhancing the Risk for Sporadic Colorectal Cancer Related to Red Meat Consumption
Authors: Küry Sébastien , Buecher Bruno , Robiou-du-Pont Sébastien , Scoul Catherine , Sébille Véronique , Colman Hélène , Le Houérou Claire , Le Neel Tanguy , Bourdon Jérémie , Faroux Roger , Ollivry Jean , Lafraise Bernard , Chupin Louis-Dominique , Bézieau Stéphane 
Published: July 2007

Abstract
Susceptibility to sporadic colorectal cancers (CRC) is generally thought to be the sum of complex interactions between environmental and genetic factors, all of which contribute independently, producing only a modest effect on the whole phenomenon. However, to date, most research has concealed the notion of interaction and merely focused on dissociate analyses of risk factors to highlight associations with CRC. By contrast, we have chosen a combinative approach here to explore the joint effects of several factors at a time. Through an association study based on 1,023 cases and 1,121 controls, we examined the influence on CRC risk of environmental factors coanalyzed with combinations of six single nucleotide polymorphisms located in cytochrome P450 genes (c.−163A&gt;C and c.1548T&gt;C in CYP1A2, g.−1293G&gt;C and g.−1053C&gt;T in CYP2E1, c.1294C&gt;G in CYP1B1, and c.430C&gt;T in CYP2C9). Whereas separate analyses of the SNPs showed no effect on CRC risk, three allelic variant combinations were found to be associated with a significant increase in CRC risk in interaction with an excessive red meat consumption, thereby exacerbating the intrinsic procarcinogenic effect of this dietary factor. One of these three predisposing combinations was also shown to interact positively with obesity. Provided that they are validated, our results suggest the need to develop robust combinative methods to improve genetic investigations into the susceptibility to CRC. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007;16(7):1460–7)