bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biological Evaluation of 2‐Aryl‐2‐fluoropropionic Acids as Possible Platforms for New Medicinal Agents.
Authors: Takeuchi Yoshio , Fujisawa Hidehito , Fujiwara Tomoya , Matsuura Mamoru , Komatsu Hirotsugu , Ueno Satoshi , Matsuzaki Takeshi 
Published: January 2006

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Chemical Bond in the Cyclic Anions P64‐ and As64‐: Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Electron Localization Function of {Rb([18]crown‐6) }2Rb2As6×6NH3.
Authors: Kraus Florian , Hanauer Tobias , Korber Nikolaus 
Published: January 2006

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of a Novel Photocatalyst, ZnBiVO4, for the Photodecomposition of H2S.
Authors: Kale B. B. , Baeg Jin‐Ook , Yoo Jin S. , Lee Sang Mi , Lee Chul Wee , Moon Sang‐Jin , Chang Hyunju 
Published: January 2006

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Urea‐ and Thiourea‐Substituted Cinchona Alkaloid Derivatives as Highly Efficient Bifunctional Organocatalysts for the Asymmetric Addition of Malonate to Nitroalkenes: Inversion of Configuration at C‐9 Dramatically Improves Catalyst Performance.
Authors: McCooey Seamus H. , Connon Stephen J. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Facile Photoinduced Iodoperfluoroalkylation of Dienes, Diynes, and Enynes with Perfluoroalkyl Iodides via Selective Radical Cyclization.
Authors: Tsuchii Kaname , Ueta Yukihiro , Kamada Nagisa , Einaga Yoshiyuki , Nomoto Akihiro , Ogawa Akiya 
Published: January 2006

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis and Insecticidal Evaluation of Novel N‐Oxalyl Derivatives of Diacylhydrazines Containing Methylcarbamate Moieties.
Authors: Mao Chunhui , Wang Qingmin , Huang Runqiu , Chen Li , Shang Jian , Bi Fuchun 
Published: January 2006

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of 3‐Sulfanylpropanols Containing Three Consecutive Stereocenters via Tandem Michael—Aldol Reaction of Enoylthioamides with Acetals as Key Reaction.
Authors: Kinoshita Hironori , Takahashi Natsuko , Iwamura Tatsunori , Watanabe Shin‐ichi , Kataoka Tadashi , Muraoka Osamu , Tanabe Genzoh 
Published: January 2006

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Template‐Directed Photodimerization of trans‐1,2‐Bis(n‐pyridyl)ethylenes and Stilbazoles in Water.
Authors: Pattabiraman Mahesh , Natarajan Arunkumar , Kaliappan Raja , Mague Joel T. , Ramamurthy V. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Regioselective Halogenation of 6‐Azaindoles: Efficient Synthesis of 3‐Halo‐2,3‐disubstituted‐6‐azaindole Derivatives.
Authors: Gallou Fabrice , Reeves Jonathan T. , Tan Zhulin , Song Jinhua J. , Yee Nathan K. , Campbell Scot , Jones Paul‐James , Senanayake Chris H. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Reaction of Some Terpenoids with Malononitrile in the Presence of Hydrotalcite.
Authors: Khomenko T. M. , Volcho K. P. , Toktarev A. V. , Echevskii G. V. , Salakhutdinov N. F. , Barkhash V. A. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
An Application of the Phosphine‐Catalyzed [4 + 2] Annulation in Indole Alkaloid Synthesis: Formal Syntheses of (.+‐.)‐Alstonerine and (.+‐.)‐Macroline.
Authors: Tran Yang S. , Kwon Ohyun 
Published: January 2006

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis and Structure of Cytisinyl(β‐chloro‐β‐phenylvinyl)phosphinic Esters.
Authors: Zhivotova T. S. , Gazaliev A. M. , Fazylov S. D. , Karimova A. B. , Turdybekov D. M. , Turdybekov K. M. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Discovery of 4‐Aryl‐4H‐chromenes as a New Series of Apoptosis Inducers Using a Cell‐ and Caspase‐Based Hight‐Throughput Screening Assay. Part 2. Structure—Activity Relationships of the 7‐ and 5‐, 6‐, 8‐Positions.
Authors: Cai Sui Xiong , et al. et al. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Identification of Potent Type I MetAP Inhibitors by Simple Bioisosteric Replacement. Part 1. Synthesis and Preliminary SAR Studies of Thiazole‐4‐carboxylic Acid Thiazol‐2‐ylamide Derivatives.
Authors: Cui Yong‐Mei , Huang Qing‐Qing , Xu Jie , Chen Ling‐Ling , Li Jing‐Ya , Ye Qi‐Zhuang , Li Jia , Nan Fa‐Jun 
Published: January 2006

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 1‐Amino‐1,1‐bisphosphonates Derived from Fatty Acids Against Trypanosoma cruzi Targeting Farnesyl Pyrophosphate Synthase.
Authors: Szajnman Sergio H. , Ravaschino Esteban L. , Docampo Roberto , Rodriguez Juan B. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Boltzmann diffusive limit beyond the Navier‐Stokes approximation
Authors: Guo Yan 
Published: January 2006

AbstractGiven a normalized Maxwellian μ and n ≥ 1, we establish the global‐in‐time validity of a diffusive expansion

for a solution Fε to the rescaled Boltzmann equation (diffusive scaling)

inside a periodic box 𝕋3. We assume that in the initial expansion (0.1) at t = 0, the fluid parts of these fm(0,x,v) have arbitrary divergence‐free velocity fields as well as temperature fields for all 1 ≤ m ≤ n while f1(0,x,v) has small amplitude in H2. For m ≥ 2, these fm(t,x,v) are determined by a sequence of linear Navier‐Stokes‐Fourier systems iteratively. More importantly, the remainder f(t,x,v) is proven to decay in time uniformly in ε via a unified nonlinear energy method. In particular, our results lead to an error estimate for f1(t,x,v), the well‐known Navier‐Stokes‐Fourier approximation, and beyond. The collision kernel Q includes hard‐sphere, the cutoff inverse‐power, as well as the Coulomb interactions. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Metal‐Bearing and Trifluoromethyl‐Substituted Pyrimidines: Generation and Functionalization
Authors: Schlosser Manfred , Lefebvre Olivier , Ondi Levente 
Published: January 2006

Abstract5‐Pyrimidyllithium species are fairly stable when the metal is flanked by two electron‐withdrawing substituents such as trifluoromethyl and chlorine or bromine. Thus, the corresponding 5‐carboxylic acids are produced in high yields from 4,5‐dibromo‐6‐(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidine and 5‐bromo‐4‐chloro‐6‐(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidine upon halogen/metal permutation accomplished with isopropylmagnesium chloride or butyllithium followed by carboxylation. Satisfactory or excellent yields of 5‐carboxylic acids are equally obtained when 4‐chloro‐, 2,4‐dichloro‐ and 2,4‐dibromo‐6‐(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidine are deprotonated with lithium diisopropylamide before being allowed to react with dry ice. In contrast, consecutive treatment of 2‐bromo‐4‐(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidine and 2‐chloro‐5‐iodo‐4‐(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidine with butyllithium affords the expected carboxylic acids in only poor yields and not even trace amounts of acid were detected when 4‐bromo‐6‐(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidine served as the substrate. The formation of bipyrimidines, emerging from either one of two competing mechanistic pathways, is a permanently menacing side reaction. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Picture this: emotional and political responses to photographs of the Kenneth Bigley kidnapping
Authors: Iyer Aarti , Oldmeadow Julian 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThe use of photographs to augment media reports of kidnapping victims in Iraq has sparked debates over the effects of such images on the public and, ultimately, the politics surrounding the event. We considered the effects of such images in a sample of British university students during the 2004 kidnapping of British citizen Kenneth Bigley. Drawing on emotions theory, we examined the effects of graphic images on emotional reactions and attitudes towards negotiations. Half of the participants were exposed to photographs of the victim that had recently been published in a national newspaper. The other half were not shown any images. As predicted, the photographs increased fear reactions amongst participants compared to no photograph controls. Fear and sympathy, but not anger, predicted attitudes towards negotiation. The photographs used in this study thus indirectly increased participants' support for negotiating with and submitting to the demands of the captors. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gold Nanoparticle‐Based Mediatorless Biosensor Prepared on Microporous Electrode
Authors: Zhang Fenghua , Cho Soon Sam , Yang Soon Hye , Seo Seong Suk , Cha Geun Sig , Nam Hakhyun 
Published: January 2006

AbstractA mediatorless biosensor was fabricated with a double‐sided microporous gold electrode by successively immobilizing a mixed self‐assembled monolayer (SAM) comprising carboxylic‐acid‐ and thiol‐terminated thiolate (dl‐thiorphan and 1,8‐octanedithiol), glucose oxidase (GOx) and finally gold nanoparticle (Au NP) on one working side. The double‐sided microporous gold electrodes were formed by plasma sputtering of gold on a porous nylon substrate, yielding a face‐to‐face type two‐electrode electrochemical cell. While the straight chain molecule 1,8‐octanedithiol forms a dense insulating monolayer, the side armed dl‐thiorphan forms a low density layer for the diffusion of redox couples to the electrode surface. The mixed SAM not only provided the linking functional groups for both enzyme and Au NP but also resulted in the appropriately spaced monolayer for direct electron tansfer (ET) process from the center of the redox enzyme to the electrode surface. After covalently immobilizing GOx onto the carboxylic‐acid‐terminated monolayer, Au NP was easily immobilized to both enzyme and nearby thiols by simple dispensing of the colloidal gold solution. It was observed that the resulting amperometric biosensor exhibited quantitatively the same response to glucose in the presence and in the absence of dissolved oxygen, which evidence that the Au NPs immobilized on and around the GOx promote direct ET from the enzymes to the electrode, assuming the role of a common redox mediator.
Influence of particle‐particle interactions and particles rotational motion in traveling wave dielectrophoresis
Authors: Aubry Nadine , Singh Pushpendra 
Published: January 2006

AbstractTraveling wave dielectrophoresis provides an interesting method for the controlled movement of microsized particles in suspended mixtures, and as such is a promising tool in microfluidic technology. In this case, the electrostatic force acting on the particles has two components: one due to the spatially varying magnitude of the electric field and the other due to the spatially varying phase. The actual movement of the particle is determined by the combined effect of these two forces and corresponding torques, the viscous drag exerted by the fluid on the particle, and the electrostatic and hydrodynamic particle‐particle interactions. This paper presents the first numerical simulations of the motion of particles subjected to all previous forces and torques. Our technique is based on a finite‐element scheme in which the particles are moved using a direct simulation scheme respecting the fundamental equations of motion for both the fluid and the solid particles. The fluid‐particle motion is resolved by the method of distributed Lagrange multipliers and the electrostatic forces are computed using the point‐dipole approximation. Our simulations show that the particle behavior strongly depends on the mismatch of the dielectric properties between the particles and the fluid, and that the particle‐particle interaction force as well as particles rotation speeds play crucial roles in the various regimes.
Multiuser detection techniques with decision statistics combining for layered space‐time coded CDMA systems
Authors: Marinkovic Slavica , Vucetic Branka , Chueh Joseph 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThis paper considers a low‐complexity iterative multiuser detection/decoding algorithm in single user layered space‐time coded (LST) systems and LST coded code division multiple access (CDMA) systems. We concentrate on the iterative multiuser receiver based on parallel interference cancellation (PIC) and compare it to the iterative PIC with the minimum means square error (MMSE) detection, as these two approaches seem to be most efficient in meeting the performance‐complexity trade‐off required by practical systems. In iterative PIC structures, a decision statistics bias severely limits the system performance for a large number of multiple access (MA) or multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) interferers. A decision statistics combining (DSC) method, originally proposed for iterative PIC receivers in CDMA systems, is used to minimize the bias effect in space‐time coded systems for iterative PIC receivers. Significant performance improvements have been confirmed with the iterative PIC receiver with DSC (PIC‐DSC) relative to the standard iterative PIC receivers in LST systems for both flat and frequency selective fading channels. This advantage is retained in layered coded CDMA systems as well. The proposed iterative PIC‐DSC detector approaches the performance of the much more complex iterative PIC‐MMSE receiver. Copyright © 2006 AEIT.
CAC and routing for multi‐service networks with blocked wide‐band calls delayed, Part II: approximative link MDP framework
Authors: Nordström Ernst , Dziong Zbigniew 
Published: January 2006

AbstractIn this paper, we study the call admission control (CAC) and routing issue in multi‐service networks. Two categories of calls are considered: a narrow‐band with blocked calls cleared and a wide‐band with blocked calls delayed. The optimisation is subject to several quality of service (QoS) constraints, either on the packet or call level. The objective function is formulated as reward maximisation with penalty for delay. A suboptimal solution is achieved by applying Markov decision process (MDP) theory together with a three‐level approximation. First, the network is decomposed into a set of links assumed to have independent Markov and reward processes respectively. Second, the dimensions of the link Markov and reward processes are reduced by aggregation of the call classes into call categories. Third, by applying decomposition of the link Markov process, the link MDP tasks are simplified considerably. The CAC and routing policy is computed by the policy iteration algorithm from MDP theory. The numerical results show that the proposed CAC and routing method, based on the approximate link MDP framework, is able to find an efficient trade‐off between reward loss and average call set‐up delay, outperforming conventional methods such as least loaded routing (LLR). Copyright © 2006 AEIT.
Variation of volatile compounds in two Prosopis farcta (Banks et Sol.) Eig. (Fabales, Fabaceae = Leguminosae) populations
Authors: Harzallah‐Skhiri Fethia , Jannet Hichem Ben , Hammami Saoussen , Mighri Zine 
Published: January 2006

AbstractProsopis farcta populations native to two distinct areas in Tunisia have many morphological and anatomical differences. Their pods and roots have a specific pleasant smell. Analysis of EI‐mass spectra and composition of volatile fractions of each organ of P. farcta within a locality showed the presence of 39 different volatile compounds belonging to various families. Those compounds are dispersed differently within organs and the localities of the plant populations analysed. We report differences in the volatile compound composition between populations from two localities. Among the eight saturated hydrocarbons identified in plants from the two localities, four are present only in Gabès plant populations, differently dispersed in their organs. Plants from Nabeul locality were richer in unsaturated hydrocarbons. Also, three aldehydes and two carboxylic acids were found only in plants from this locality. These results widen the range of the phyto‐constituents known in the genus, and allow us to confirm the occurrence of two varieties of P. farcta in Tunisia. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chemical characterization of essential oil in Rhizoma asarum from different sources using GC‐MS with resolution improved by data processing techniques
Authors: Fan Gong , Botang Wang , Footim Chau 
Published: January 2006

AbstractRhizoma asarum has been widely used both in phytotherapy and in the food industry because of its pharmacological activities and odoriferous properties. However, besides desirable pharmacological effects, asarum oil is also found to exhibit toxic effects. In this study, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) with resolution improved by data processing techniques in chemometrics was investigated as a method to chemically characterize essential oils of raw materials of Rhizoma asarum from Liaoning, Gansu and Hunan in China. With the help of chemometric approaches on two‐dimensional data from GC‐MS, the separation ability of GC was mathematically improved and many more chemical components could be separated and identified since overlapping peak clusters could be resolved into pure chromatograms and related mass spectra for each of the components involved. Qualitative and quantitative determination was conducted with the pure chromatograms and mass spectra obtained by use of similarity searches in the MS databases and the overall volume integration technique, respectively. Moreover, the information on retention times was also used for the identification. The results showed that 96, 94 and 93 chemical components were separated; 69, 67 and 66 of them were tentatively identified, which accounted for about 97.68, 97.51 and 97.63% of the total relative content of the essential oils of Rhizoma asarum from Liaoning, Gansu and Hunan, respectively. In comparison with the determined constituents in essential oils of Rhizoma asarum from three producing sources, most of them matched each other. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Constituents of the essential oil of Rhizoma polygonati
Authors: Shen Xia , Gao Yun , Su Qingde 
Published: January 2006

AbstractVolatile oil of Rhizoma polygonati (the rhizoma of Polygonatum sibiricum Delar. ex Redoute), was obtained by simultaneous distillation–solvent extraction (SDE). Then the essential oil was analysed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC‐MS). Forty‐two components were identified, constituting approximately 96% of the oil. The main constituents of the essential oil were palmitic acid (50.9%) and ethyl linoleate (28.3%). Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multi‐method approach to valuing health states: problems with meaning
Authors: Nord Erik , Menzel Paul , Richardson Jeff 
Published: January 2006

AbstractIn an earlier article in Health Economics, Salomon and Murray argue that by applying maximum likelihood techniques to predetermined functional forms and to a data set where a number of health states are valued by means of four standard valuation techniques, underlying ‘pure’ valuations of health may be teased out, together with estimates of parametric relationships between these ‘pure’ valuations and valuations based on the four standard techniques. We argue below that ‘pure’ valuations of health are ordinal rather than cardinal and that the ‘pure’ values that result from the multi‐method approach give a false impression of being cardinal. They are therefore not usable as weights for life years. In the unlikely event that the authors should be able to demonstrate cardinality in ‘pure’ valuations of health, it must be possible to have subjects express these valuations directly, in which case there seems to be no need for the indirect multi‐method approach. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hydrothermal growth of hydroxyapatite scaffolds from aragonitic cuttlefish bones
Authors: Rocha J.H.G. , Lemos A.F. , Agathopoulos S. , Kannan S. , Valério P. , Ferreira J.M.F. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractScaffolds of AB‐type carbonated hydroxyapatite (HA) were successfully produced via hydrothermal transformation (HT) of aragonitic cuttlefish bones at 200°C. The transformation was seemingly complete after 9 h of HT and no intermediate products were registered. Beyond low production cost, worldwide availability, and natural‐biological origin of raw materials, the produced scaffolds preserved the initial structure of cuttlefish bone, featuring good biocompatibility in osteoblasts tests and ideal pore size (∼80 μm in width and ∼100 μm in height) and interconnectivity for supporting biological activities, such as bone tissue growth and vascularization. The highly channeled structure and the use of fresh cuttlefish bones favored the diffusion of the reaction solution towards the aragonite resulting in fast kinetics (after 1 h, hydroxyapatite was the dominant crystalline phase). © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2006
Induction dopamine releasing cells from mouse embryonic stem cells and their long‐term culture
Authors: Moriyasu Kenta , Yamazoe Hironori , Iwata Hiroo 
Published: January 2006

AbstractCell transplantation therapy using dopaminergic neurons derived from embryonic stem (ES) cells for the treatment of Parkinson's disease has been proposed as one of the major applications for stem cell‐based therapy. However, the low collection efficiency of neurons from a culture dish and the rejection of cells after transplantation are expected to limit their future clinical applications. To overcome these problems, we examined the induction of neurogenis of ES cells under free‐floating conditions and microencapsulation of the obtained cell aggregates into an agarose hydrogel. Cell aggregates from ES cells were cultured in various media under the free‐floating condition. Immunohistochemical staining for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and RT‐PCR analyses for TH and Nurr1 showed that dopaminergic neurons were induced in ES cell aggregates cultured in a 1:2 mixture of conditioned medium of PA6 stromal cells and Glasgow minimum essential medium (GMEM) after 16 days in culture. The cell aggregates could be collected and were encased within agarose microcapsules without loss of dopaminergic neurons. The cell aggregates with/without microencapsulation were maintained in CM/GMEM for an additional period. KCl stimulation assays were done at day 23, 30, 37, 44, 51, and 58 to examine dopamine release. Dopamine release abilities were well maintained during 58 days of observation. Amounts of dopamine release from encapsulated cell aggregates were slightly higher than those of unencapsulated cell aggregates from day 16 to 58. Although efficacy for immunoisolation of the agarose microcapsules still remains for future in vivo studies, microencapsulation did not adversely affect viability and functions of the dopamine releasing ES cell progeny. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2006