bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Networked dynamic systems with higher-order interactions: stability versus complexity
Authors: Wang Ye , Li Aming , Wang Long 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
The stability of complex systems is profoundly affected by underlying structures, which are often modeled as networks where nodes indicate system components and edges indicate pairwise interactions between nodes. However, such networks cannot encode the overall complexity of networked systems with higher-order interactions among more than two nodes. Set structures provide a natural description of pairwise and higher-order interactions where nodes are grouped into multiple sets based on their shared traits. Here we derive the stability criteria for networked systems with higher-order interactions by employing set structures. In particular, we provide a simple rule showing that the higher-order interactions play a double-sided role in community stability—networked systems with set structures are stabilized if the expected number of common sets for any two nodes is less than one. Moreover, although previous knowledge suggests that more interactions (i.e. complexity) destabilize networked systems, we report that, with higher-order interactions, networked systems can be stabilized by forming more local sets. Our findings are robust with respect to degree heterogeneous structures, diverse equilibrium states and interaction types.
Clinical Outcomes for Patients With Monomicrobial vs Polymicrobial Acinetobacter baumannii-calcoaceticus Complex Infections Treated With Sulbactam-Durlobactam or Colistin: A Subset Analysis From a Phase 3 Clinical Trial
Authors: McLeod Sarah M , Miller Alita A , Rana Khurram , Altarac David , Moussa Samir H , Shapiro Adam B 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
In a previous study, the efficacy and safety of sulbactam-durlobactam vs colistin for the treatment of patients with carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii-calcoaceticus complex (CRABC) infections were evaluated in a randomized controlled phase 3 trial. Both arms were dosed on a background of imipenem-cilastatin to treat coinfecting gram-negative pathogens. Thirty-six percent of infections in the primary efficacy population were polymicrobial.

Methods
A subset analysis was performed to compare clinical and microbiological outcomes at test of cure (7 ± 2 days after the last dose) for patients with monomicrobial and polymicrobial CRABC infections. Minimal inhibitory concentrations of antibiotics against baseline isolates were determined by broth microdilution according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute methodology.

Results
Clinical cure, 28-day all-cause mortality, and microbiological outcomes were similar for patients in the sulbactam-durlobactam treatment arm with monomicrobial or polymicrobial A baumannii-calcoaceticus infections. Patients in the colistin arm with monomicrobial CRABC infections had higher mortality rates with worse clinical and microbiological outcomes as compared with those with polymicrobial infections. For patients who received sulbactam-durlobactam, imipenem susceptibility of coinfecting gram-negative pathogens trended with clinical benefit for patients with polymicrobial A baumannii-calcoaceticus infections. When tested in vitro, durlobactam restored imipenem susceptibility to the majority of coinfecting gram-negative pathogens from the sulbactam-durlobactam arm. This phenotype appeared to be related to the clinical outcome in 13 of 15 evaluable cases.

Conclusions
These results suggest that the use of sulbactam-durlobactam plus a carbapenem could be an effective approach to treat polymicrobial infections that include CRABC, but additional clinical data are needed to demonstrate efficacy.
Rosa Luxemburg (1871–1919)
Authors: Patton Lydia 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Rosa Luxemburg is a political theorist and economist in the Marxist tradition. Her work builds on the classic communist view of the state as embodying class conflicts, establishing key results including the role of the capitalist state in imperialism and colonialism. Her interventions in debates on Polish independence were famous in socialist circles. This essay evaluates how Luxemburg’s interventions in those debates are related to her political theory as laid out in The Accumulation of Capital, and argues that her opposition to nationalism was rooted in her defense of “natural economies.” Luxemburg’s work is of increasing importance to the history of socialist thought.
Towards a More Inclusive Enlightenment
Authors: Dyck Corey W. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Moses Mendelssohn’s conception of enlightenment is distinctive both for its wide scope and progressive character, but it also has the advantage of bringing the manifold intellectual contributions of a diverse set of women into focus, or so I argue in this chapter. In particular, I consider the efforts on the part of Henriette Herz and Rahel Levin Varnhagen to expand women’s role in promoting the flourishing of culture, Amalia Holst’s attempts to realize the emancipatory potential in the notion of the vocation of a human being, and finally Elise Reimarus’s forthright account of the responsibility of the would-be enlightener to gradually but decisively persist in undermining the edifice of prejudice that stands in the way of enlightenment. In the end, what all of these women have in common is that each works to transform and expand the Mendelssohnian conception of enlightenment in an even more inclusive direction.
Women and Nineteenth-Century Philosophy of Science in the German Tradition
Authors: Helbig Daniela Katharina 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The formative period of modern science and its philosophy during the nineteenth century coincided with women being barred from institutionalized higher education, and limited to informal networks in their participation in philosophical as well as scientific debates. There were nevertheless several different, and compelling avenues for women to realize their intellectual ambitions. This chapter examines women’s contributions to the philosophy of science throughout the nineteenth century, and brings into view the gendered social organization of the sciences and their philosophy as a factor in the constitution of the philosophy of science as an academic discipline. The discipline’s focus on primarily epistemological and methodological problems reflects a legacy not only of the end of Kant’s systematic ambitions to articulate the relation between problems of theoretical and practical philosophy, but also of the lack of academic credentials for challenges to scientific arguments for the nineteenth century’s gendered social order.
The Art of the Deccan Sultans (c. 1500–1700)
Authors: Haidar Navina 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
For six centuries the Deccan region of India saw the flourishing of successive Indo-Persian kingdoms whose artistic legacy defines its unique cultural identity. Bahmani rule, from the mid-fourteenth century until the end of the fifteenth century, leaves an impressive architectural record but few artifacts. The art of the five successor states that followed from the late fifteenth century to the end of the seventeenth century—Ahmadnagar, Berar, Bijapur, Bidar, and Golconda—forms the most inspired and original phase of Deccani artistic production. A sense of fantasy and imagination grew alongside more formal idioms of art, which also reflected connections with the Safavid and Ottoman worlds. Under Mughal hegemony in the Deccan from the late seventeenth century, new styles were introduced from the north. This chapter discusses the arts of the Deccani sultans before the rise of the Nizams of Hyderabad, during the period of its greatest independence when the Deccan’s cultural identity was most its own.
Cuba
Authors: Gonzalez Maldonado Michelle 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This chapter explores the history of religion in Cuba, which is intricately interconnected with the transatlantic slave trade and the intersection of African, European, and indigenous religions on the island. It reveals that Cuba became the Spanish colony that was the largest importer of slaves. The complicated history of Cuba resulted in a landscape where religious identity was much more fluid than the rigid categories of religion often imply. Moreover, Cuba witnessed a revival in public religious beliefs and practices, in large part due to the 1980 policy of convivencia. The chapter explains the distinct differences in religious practices in Cuba as to whether they are found in an urban or rural setting.
United States
Authors: De La Torre Miguel A. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
All religions introduced to a new geographical locale are transformed as they traverse through a different culture. As Caribbean-based religions interact within a U.S. reality, both the religion and culture are changed, allowing both to coexist as new expressions. What makes the evolution of orisha-based religions possible is their malleability to adapt to new environments. Each succeeding generation of migrants is encouraged to reinterpret, expand, delete, or add to the myths, proverbs, and traditions of previous generations to meet newer challenges faced in a new land. Sometimes the changes to the religion or culture are dramatic, at other times unnoticeable. At times the religion changes for the best; at other times, for the worse. Regardless of these changes, one thing is certain: the interaction between Caribbean religious expressions within the United States ensures that both the religion and culture would never remain the same as they develop into new ways of being.
Caribbean Religious Art
Authors: Juncker Kristine 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This chapter covers the significance of Caribbean religious art as it accumulates both media and historical strength or power. It explains that Caribbean religious art is not meant for a static, Western European, museum environment, so change is expected and the preferred norm. Precolonial, Renaissance, and Baroque art historical movements provided important foundations for religious expression throughout the Caribbean. Moreover, the long nineteenth century offered an opportunity for change in religious expression throughout the Caribbean after the independence from colonial rule. The chapter explains that Caribbean religious arts engaged modern audiences and continue to be a powerful form of postmodern expression globally.
Protestant Christianity
Authors: Espinosa Gastón 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This chapter focuses on the key concepts of modern Protestant Christianity while addressing the distinct ways Pentecostalism arrived and grew in the Caribbean. It details the trends that characterize the shift of the Christian landscape in the Caribbean. The trends range between extensive Protestant missionary activity in former Catholic colonies and the birth and explosion of Pentecostal Christianity pioneered by Juan León Lugo. The chapter explains that Pentecostalism showcases the narratives of individuals and their missionary activity that served as one of the most important vehicles for the evangelization and evangelicalization of Puerto Rico. It also elaborates on the rebirth of the work by the Assemblies of God (AG) in Puerto Rico.
Soil Fertility
Authors: Drinkwater Laurie E. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This chapter considers how soil fertility management systems have evolved during the most recent era, beginning with the transition to the Green Revolution, industrial agriculture, and continuing to the present day when the sustainability of food production systems is viewed as a grand challenge facing humanity. The evolution of soil fertility research and practice is discussed in terms of implications for the challenges farmers face in managing soil resources sustainably while maintaining crop yields and conserving natural resources and biodiversity. The overarching frameworks guiding synthetic fertilizer management, soil health, and ecological nutrient management are discussed, as well as the barriers farmers face in adopting innovative management systems that would increase sustainability and human well-being.
Sugar
Authors: Moon Suzanne 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The cultivation of sugar as a global commodity has had profound consequences for the lives of those who labor to grow and process it, and for the environments in which it is grown. Sugar is so ubiquitous as to be taken for granted. But this should not obscure the extraordinary efforts it took over the long term to create industrial-scale sugar production, and the ongoing efforts required to maintain it in the face of tensions over exploitative labor practices and environmental fragility. The mutual development of sugar growing and wider systems of labor, environmental use, and scientific and technological development created fierce systemic problems, as producers cyclically solved, and then created, new social, economic, and environmental challenges. This chapter explores the history of sugar cane production, its vulnerabilities, and the work involved to manage those vulnerabilities, through three overlapping thematics: labor history, environmental history, and the history of science and technology.
A Short History of Seed Keeping
Authors: Curry Helen Anne 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Across millennia of agricultural activity, farmers have devised many methods for selecting and storing the best seed for future cultivation. As markets for seed developed, these practices of seed keeping began to move off the farm, first gradually and then more dramatically. Public breeders and private seed companies took on seed selection and improvement, while seed physiologists at seed testing stations assessed seed quality. By the turn of the twenty-first century, selecting seed on the farm to maintain or improve a particular variety remained a necessity only for some subsistence farmers and for growers who preferred varieties not widely available. In many cases, seed storage also transitioned off farm, although the extent to which farmers saved their own seed varied according to the crop, country, regulatory context, and market expectations. Although these transitions brought about gains in productivity, they also generated new concerns. Wherever farmers stopped selecting and storing seed, worries arose about the diversity of crops in cultivation. This concern gave rise to a novel form of seed keeping, the seed bank, tasked with ensuring continuing possibilities for selecting good seeds in the future.
The Atlantic Plantation
Authors: Burnard Trevor 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The plantation was a global institution, but it has a particular purchase in the Atlantic World. It was a system that came to be based upon enslaved African labor and involved distinctive form of work, such as ganged labor. In its purest form, on eighteenth-century Caribbean islands and in the Lower South of the United States in the first half of the nineteenth century, it resembled the kind of industrial labor of European factories. Its organization of labor provided great profits for fortunate owners and massive misery to workers, some of whom resisted plantation discipline, at great risk, given the violence inherent in the system and planter willingness to punish perceived wrongdoing among enslaved people.
The British Agricultural Revolution
Authors: Hoyle Richard 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This chapter offers a new interpretation of the British agricultural revolution. It begins by reviewing the historiography of the late eighteenth-century agricultural revolution, showing how the idea had been largely abandoned by the 1980s but has since been revived. The background to it is quickly sketched in, including population growth, but also a move away from arable cultivation through enclosure. The impact of English population growth on Scotland and Ireland is considered. It is explained how contemporaries saw agrarian change in the late eighteenth century as evidence of failure, given that England moved from being an exporter to an importer of grain. War after 1793 encouraged a revival of arable agriculture and massive investment in agriculture including the enclosure of wastes; after 1815 there was a perception that a bubble had burst. The argument that an agricultural revolution took place in the depressed years after 1815 is quickly reviewed.
Insects, Illness, and Other Biological Contestations
Authors: Few Martha 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
For eight consecutive years, from 1798 to 1806, locust swarms repeatedly afflicted a significant portion of colonial Central America and southern Mexico. The locusts had economic, food supply, and biological effects on human populations far beyond the areas of the swarms’ physical and temporal presence. They also intersected with significant outbreaks of epidemic disease, including smallpox, measles, and typhus, during the same time period. These events, and economic, political, and religious responses to the insects, provides a case study in colonial food security, where various regions in Spanish America shared information on the swarms and their movements and came to each other’s aid with food supplies and seeds. They diverted tributary Indigenous labor from agricultural production to locust-killing campaigns. Local elites and members of scientific societies attempted agricultural innovation strategies and searched for new locust-killing methods amid this multiyear swarm.
The Outer and Expanding Circles in Southeast Asia
Authors: Percillier Michael 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This chapter offers a historical overview of Southeast Asia focused on aspects from precolonial, colonial, and postcolonial history that are relevant to the accurate description and modelling of Englishes in the region. In this context, the adequacy of the concepts of the Outer and Expanding Circles for the region are placed under scrutiny and contrasted with the additions provided by more recent models including the Dynamic Model, the Extra- and Intra-territorial Forces model, and the World System of Englishes. The conclusions drawn from this survey recognize that the Outer and Expanding Circles are important concepts which, however, are not sufficient on their own to account for the linguistic realities prevalent in the region. As such, they need to be supplemented by elements from these newer models.
English in the Philippines
Authors: Tupas Ruanni 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Any discussion of English in the context of a national polity, especially a postcolonial one, must have a long historical reach. With English in the Philippines, this means locating its political, ideological, and discursive dimensions within the colonial matrix of American colonialism. English was imposed during the Philippine–American War of 1899–1902; thereafter, English and education served as a core cultural tool for ‘benevolent assimilation’. Thus, the promise of English as a legitimate discourse of aspiration even among the poor is a promise that has not been fulfilled for all. English remains a socioeconomically differentiating language; it is pervasive in most aspects of Philippine life, but the colonial ideologies and practices associated with it endure. The challenge now is how not to deprive Filipinos of opportunities to learn English while, at the same time, leaving them free to commit themselves to demolishing conditions of coloniality which perpetuate its power.
English in Singapore
Authors: Wee Lionel 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The presence of English in modern-day Singapore is due largely to its status as a former British colony. Upon gaining independence, Singapore retained English as an official language and this subsequently led to the emergence of a nativized variety known as Singlish. This chapter focuses on the arguments and assumptions surrounding Singlish, a variety that has been the subject of much recent controversy. While there are claims that Singlish can serve as both an inter-ethnic lingua franca and a marker of national identity, the Singapore government has long feared that the widespread use of Singlish makes the learning of ‘good/proper/standard’ English difficult if not impossible. The chapter discusses the various factors that has made it difficult for the government to eliminate Singlish, despite an initial attempt at doing so.
English language education and educational policy in Hong Kong and Macau
Authors: Choi Tae-Hee , Moody Andrew J. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This chapter investigates English language policy and practice in Hong Kong and Macau. The two Special Administrative Regions (SARs) of China share similarities such as colonial histories and a multilingual policy. However, with different colonizing languages (English and Portuguese, respectively) and the different status and usage of the English language, the SARs part ways concerning English-related policy and educational practice. This chapter reviews the policy governing the English language in the two contexts and analyses its enactment across levels of education from the primary to the tertiary, on aspects including the medium of instruction, textbooks and language assessment, and human resources management. It also discusses how the policy interacts with the parallel policies and wider geopolitical and social contexts. The implications from the issues highlighted along the way such as educational equity conclude the chapter.
English language education and educational policy in Malaysia and Brunei
Authors: Pillai Stefanie , McLellan James 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This chapter compares and contrasts the language policy and planning in two neighbouring Southeast Asian nations, Malaysia and Negara Brunei Darussalam. In both, people of Malay ethnicity are in the majority. In both, the role of English can be traced back to the colonial period: prior to the formation of Malaysia in 1963, Malaya, Sabah, and Sarawak were British crown colonies, while Brunei was a British protectorate from 1888 until it achieved independence in 1984. Following brief outlines of the historical background and the current language situation, this chapter reviews current language in education policies with particular reference to English. These are then compared and contrasted, and some pointers to future policy directions are discussed.
English language education and educational policy in Thailand
Authors: Jarunthawatchai Wisut , Baker Will 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This chapter focuses on English language policy and education in Thailand. We begin with a description of the linguistic profile of Thailand and the status of English as part of presumed monolingual and monocultural ideologies. We then discuss the current prominent role of English in Thailand and ASEAN, which has resulted in greater emphasis on English language education. The chapter then turns to a detailed investigation of current policy and its adoption of the CEFR (Common European Framework of Reference for Languages) at basic and higher education levels, and reveals the tensions between the multilingual uses of English as a lingua franca across ASEAN and the monolingual Anglophone orientations of current language policy. We highlight the detrimental effects of these Anglophone ideologies on ELT and assessment. The chapter ends with a call for multilingual-oriented policy and practices which reflect the changing roles of English in global contexts, especially in the ASEAN community.