bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Statistical Analysis of Terrorist Attacks in the World: An Islamic Perspective
Authors: Shovkhalov Sh. A. 
Published: April 2024

Terrorism has become a common phenomenon in the modern world, but often in various scientiﬁc works and media there are attempts to ﬁnd a correlation between terrorism and Islamic law. This article provides a statistical analysis of terrorist acts in the world on the basis of which it aims to identify the major tendencies, as well as to highlight important conclusions backed by the information obtained. Islam’s view of the crime under investigation is also important within the research frame.An institutional approach came as the methodological basis of this scientiﬁc article. It allowed the author to assess the inﬂuence of terrorism on the modern socio-political and economic situations.In the course of statistical analysis of terrorist attacks in the world it was found that Muslim countries suﬀer the greatest damage from the harmful eﬀects of terrorism, although Islam has radiant arguments for banning violations against the population as means of casting terror and achieving political goals. An important conclusion of the paper is the fact that there are various terrorist groups in the world that do not act for religious reasons. Moreover, the most important conclusion of the article is in understanding the necessity of addressing and solving social problems, which are considered to be the key factors of economic growth and the absence of which cultivates terrorism expansion.
Liberalism Philosophy Influence in Islamic Social Movements in Malaysia
Authors: Ibrahim Majdi  , Wan Ramli Wan Adli , Mohd Khambali @ Hambali Khadijah 
Published: April 2024

This article focuses on the early development of evolution and the development of liberalism specifically in Malaysia since it was brought by the western colonists to form a social movement in Malaysia. The objective of this article is to see how liberalism progresses in influencing a liberal Islamic movement in Malaysia. The philosophy of liberalism in Malaysia is not a new issue, but a philosophy that has long existed among the Malaysian Muslim community. This article uses the method of historical analysis to look at the development of the philosophy of liberalism to highlight the impact of the evolution of liberalism in Malaysia. This writing found that the philosophy of liberalism has been seen as having an evolution among the community in Malaysia since it was first brought by the colonialists to form a social movement in Malaysia which is referred to as the liberal Islamic movement. In fact, supporters of liberalism are increasingly highlighting the philosophy of liberalism, especially through the liberal Islamic movement and in the name of human rights. Although the philosophy of liberalism has existed in the middle of society in areas of life such as economics, politics, culture, law and administration in Malaysia. This article found that the development and dissemination of the philosophy of liberalism can lead to threats in the society if there are no social control of various new ideology in Malaysia.
Automated Capillary Electrophoresis Immunoblot for the Detection of Alpha-Synuclein in Mouse Tissue
Authors: Erdmann Leonie , Santos Patrícia I. , Rieper Petra , Klafki Hans W. , Beutner Dirk , Wiltfang Jens , Outeiro Tiago F. , Setz Cristian 
Published: April 2024

Background: Alpha-synuclein (aSyn) is a key player in neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s disease (PD), dementia with Lewy bodies, or multiple system atrophy. aSyn is expressed throughout the brain, and can also be detected in various peripheral tissues. In fact, initial symptoms of PD are non-motoric and include autonomic dysfunction, suggesting that the periphery might play an important role in early development of the disease. aSyn is expressed at relatively low levels in non-central tissues, which brings challenges for its detection and quantification in different tissues. Objective: Our goal was to assess the sensitivity of aSyn detection in central and peripheral mouse tissues through capillary electrophoresis (CE) immunoblot, considering the traditional SDS-PAGE immunoblot as the current standard. Methods: Tissues from central and non-central origin from wild type mice were extracted, and included midbrain, inner ear, and esophagus/stomach. aSyn detection was assessed through immunoblotting using Simple Western size-based CE and SDS-PAGE. Results: CE immunoblots show a consistent detection of aSyn in central and peripheral tissues. Through SDS-PAGE, immunoblots revealed a reliable signal corresponding to aSyn, particularly following membrane fixation. Conclusion: Our results suggest a reliable detection of aSyn in central and peripheral tissues using the CE Simple Western immunoblot system. These observations can serve as preliminary datasets when aiming to formally compare CE with SDS-PAGE, as well as for further characterization of aSyn using this technique.
Analisa Emisi Partikulat Pada Mesin Diesel Berbahan Bakar Plastik Menggunakan SEM EDX
Authors: Sudrajad Agung , Sunardi Sunardi , Firmansyah Teguh , Riyanto Taufan 
Published: April 2024

Dalam beberapa dekade terakhir, penelitian dan pengukuran emisi partikulat (PM) telah dilakukan secara luas dalam emisi atmosfer, termasuk distribusi dan komposisinya dari berbagai sumber antropogenik dan dampaknya terhadap kesehatan manusia. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui massa dan distribusi Particulate Matter (PM) yang dihasilkan oleh mesin diesel jenis Dong Feng R175A dengan bahan bakar dexlite 100%, campuran 30% minyak plastik dan 70% dexlite (PO30), 50% minyak plastik dan 50% dexlite (PO50) dan 70% minyak plastik dan 30% dexlite (PO70) dan 100% minyak plastik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Particulate Matter (PM10) pada bahan bakar campuran PO30 merupakan massa berat terendah karena mengandung hidrokarbon dan sulfur terendah. Hasil Image-J pada analisa distribusi diameter PM menunjukkan PO70 mempunyai jumlah PM2,5 dan PM10 terbanyak, sementara jumlah terendah PM2,5 dan PM10 adalah pada penggunaan bahan bakar PO30.
Multivariate realized volatility: an analysis via shrinkage methods for Brazilian market data
Authors: Vieira Leonardo Ieracitano , Laurini Márcio Poletti 
Published: April 2024

IntroductionRealized volatility analysis of assets in the Brazilian market within a multivariate framework is the focus of this study. Despite the success of volatility models in univariate scenarios, challenges arise due to increasing dimensionality of covariance matrices and lower asset liquidity in emerging markets.MethodsIn this study, we utilize intraday stock trading data from the Brazilian Market to compute daily covariance matrices using various specifications. To mitigate dimensionality issues in covariance matrix estimation, we implement penalization restrictions on coefficients through regressions with shrinkage techniques using Ridge, LASSO, or Elastic Net estimators. These techniques are employed to capture the dynamics of covariance matrices.ResultsComparison of covariance construction models is performed using the Model Confidence Set (MCS) algorithm, which selects the best models based on their predictive performance. The findings indicate that the method used for estimating the covariance matrix significantly impacts the selection of the best models. Additionally, it is observed that more liquid sectors demonstrate greater intra-sectoral dynamics.DiscussionWhile the results benefit from shrinkage techniques, the high correlation between assets presents challenges in capturing stock or sector idiosyncrasies. This suggests the need for further exploration and refinement of methods to better capture the complexities of volatility dynamics in emerging markets like Brazil.
Temporal processing abilities in normal hearing individuals with tinnitus: a systematic review
Authors: Puthiyadath Malavika , Prabhu Prashanth , Kalarikkal Gayathri , Nisha K. V. 
Published: April 2024

PurposeTinnitus, characterized by the perception of auditory phantoms, is prevalent worldwide and can lead to a range of hearing-related issues. Understanding its influence on temporal processing helps to delineate the auditory manifestations of tinnitus. This systematic review aimed to identify the patterns of temporal processing difficulties in individuals with tinnitus and normal hearing abilities. Furthermore, this review evaluates the potential of specific measurement techniques as tools for diagnosing temporal processing deficits in tinnitus.MethodsA comprehensive search was conducted in multiple international databases, followed by rigorous screening of the titles, abstracts, and full-length content. The inclusion and exclusion criteria were formulated using the Population, intervention, compression, Outcome, and Study design (PICOS) format, and the study bias was determined. After excluding irrelevant articles, nine studies were selected for the analysis.ResultsOver 50% of the selected studies demonstrated a significant impact on temporal processing in individuals with tinnitus, especially with gap detection test (GDT) and gaps in noise (GIN) tests, indicating of the deficits in peripheral temporal process in tinnitus individuals with normal hearing. However, the other central auditory tests showed no major changes.ConclusionsThe findings from this review underscore the importance of understanding temporal processing impairments in tinnitus and hold promise for enhancing the diagnostic accuracy and treatment outcomes, ultimately improving the lives of those affected by tinnitus. This review highlights the potential of the GDT and GIN tests as sensitive tools for assessing temporal processing deficits in the peripheral auditory system, which in turn can manifest as central changes in temporal processing.Systematic review registrationhttp://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.asp?ID=CRD42021287194, Prospero [CRD42021287194].
A miniaturized multicellular platform to mimic the 3D structure of the alveolar-capillary barrier
Authors: Licciardello Michela , Traldi Cecilia , Cicolini Martina , Bertana Valentina , Marasso Simone Luigi , Cocuzza Matteo , Tonda-Turo Chiara , Ciardelli Gianluca 
Published: April 2024

Several diseases affect the alveoli, and the efficacy of medical treatments and pharmaceutical therapies is hampered by the lack of pre-clinical models able to recreatein vitrothe diseases. Microfluidic devices, mimicking the key structural and compositional features of the alveoli, offer several advantages to medium and high-throughput analysis of new candidate therapies. Here, we developed an alveolus-on-a-chip recapitulating the microanatomy of the physiological tissue by including the epithelium, the fibrous interstitial layer and the capillary endothelium. A PDMS device was obtained assembling a top layer and a bottom layer obtained by replica molding. A polycaprolactone/gelatin (PCL-Gel) electrospun membrane was included within the two layers supporting the seeding of 3 cell phenotypes. Epithelial cells were grown on a fibroblast-laden collagen hydrogel located on the top side of the PCL-Gel mats while endothelial cells were seeded on the basolateral side of the membrane. The innovative design of the microfluidic device allows to replicate both cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix interactions according to thein vivocell arrangement along with the establishment of physiologically relevant air-liquid interface conditions. Indeed, high cell viability was confirmed for up to 10 days and the formation of a tight endothelial and epithelial barrier was assessed by immunofluorescence assays.
Transforming informal communication in the urgent shift to teleworking: a case study in Japan
Authors: Watanabe Kentaro , Umemura Hiroyuki , Mori Ikue , Amemiya Saya , Yamamoto Yuji 
Published: April 2024

IntroductionWhile informal communication is essential for employee performance and wellbeing, it is difficult to maintain in telework settings. This issue has recently been becoming more prominent worldwide, especially because of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Nevertheless, how employees managed their informal communication in the sudden shift to teleworking is still understudied. This study fills this research gap by clarifying how an organization's employees improvised informal communication during the urgent shift to teleworking.MethodsAn exploratory case study of a large construction firm in Japan was conducted, focusing on how employees improvised informal communication during teleworking in response to COVID-19. The authors conducted semi-structured interviews with 24 employees and applied a qualitative thematic analysis to the collected data.ResultsFour informal communication strategies (structured informality, casual tech, implicit communication, and face-to-face opportunity seeking) that were improvised amid the sudden shift to teleworking caused by COVID-19 were identified.DiscussionThe findings can inform concrete means for the effective and dynamic transition of informal communication to teleworking settings during emergencies, thus contributing to informal communication studies as well as the promotion of resilient business operations and employee wellbeing in response to future crises.
An adaptive energy management strategy for airports to achieve carbon neutrality by 2050 via waste, wind, and solar power
Authors: Goh Hui Hwang , Suo Wenxuan , Liang Xue , Zhang Dongdong , Dai Wei , Kurniawan Tonni Agustiono , Goh Kai Chen 
Published: April 2024

After the border lockdown, global traffic has returned, making green airports a government goal to reach carbon neutrality by 2050. Sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) use for commercial aircraft alone won't help achieve net-zero emissions (NEZ). An independent renewable energy supply system at airports is urgently needed to implement green airports worldwide. This study develops a renewable energy power supply system that integrates wind, photovoltaic (PV), and waste-to-energy (WTE) sources to investigate a new adaptive model predictive control (MPC) energy management strategy based on airport operational characteristics. Simulations of Copenhagen Airport’s energy programme confirmed this energy management strategy’s feasibility. Energy management scenarios for two typical summer and winter load days were simulated for case studies. Field data from Copenhagen was used for simulation analysis, and experimental modelling of the airport’s energy scheme proved the energy management program’s practicality. The simulations show that Copenhagen airport renewable energy generates half of its electricity in winter and 81.0% in summer. A total operating cost of USD 36,087.83/day in summer and USD 102,061.20/day in winter is needed to reduce carbon emissions by 41.19 Mt/day in summer and 43.96 Mt/day in winter. This approach should help deploy green airports worldwide and reach carbon neutrality by 2050.
Immunoglobulins and serum proteins impair anti-tumor NK cell effector functions in malignant ascites
Authors: Hrvat Antonio , Benders Sonja , Kimmig Rainer , Brandau Sven , Mallmann-Gottschalk Nina 
Published: April 2024

IntroductionMalignant ascites indicates ovarian cancer progression and predicts poor clinical outcome. Various ascites components induce an immunosuppressive crosstalk between tumor and immune cells, which is poorly understood. In our previous study, imbalanced electrolytes, particularly high sodium content in malignant ascites, have been identified as a main immunosuppressive mechanism that impaired NK and T-cell activity.MethodsIn the present study, we explored the role of high concentrations of ascites proteins and immunoglobulins on antitumoral NK effector functions. To this end, a coculture system consisting of healthy donor NK cells and ovarian cancer cells was used. The anti-EGFR antibody Cetuximab was added to induce antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). NK activity was assessed in the presence of different patient ascites samples and immunoglobulins that were isolated from ascites.ResultsOverall high protein concentration in ascites impaired NK cell degranulation, conjugation to tumor cells, and intracellular calcium signaling. Immunoglobulins isolated from ascites samples competitively interfered with NK ADCC and inhibited the conjugation to target cells. Furthermore, downregulation of regulatory surface markers CD16 and DNAM-1 on NK cells was prevented by ascites-derived immunoglobulins during NK cell activation.ConclusionOur data show that high protein concentrations in biological fluids are able to suppress antitumoral activity of NK cells independent from the mechanism mediated by imbalanced electrolytes. The competitive interference between immunoglobulins of ascites and specific therapeutic antibodies could diminish the efficacy of antibody-based therapies and should be considered in antibody-based immunotherapies.
Risk factors for anxiety and its impacts on acute exacerbation in older patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Mou Yan , Shan Lin , Liu Yunhuan , Wang Yue , He Zhengming , Li Xiangyang , Zhu Huili , Ge Haiyan 
Published: April 2024

BackgroundAnxiety is common in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), especially in older patients with the definition of age over 60 years old. Few studies have focused on anxiety in older COPD patients. This study aimed to analyze the risk factors of anxiety in older COPD patients and the impacts of anxiety on future acute exacerbation.MethodsThe general information, questionnaire data, previous acute exacerbation and pulmonary function were collected. Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAMA) was used to evaluate the anxiety of older COPD patients. The patients were followed up for one year, the number and the degrees of acute exacerbations of COPD were recorded.ResultsA total of 424 older COPD patients were included in the analysis. 19.81% (N = 84) had anxiety symptoms, and 80.19% (N = 340) had no anxiety symptoms. There were increased pack-years, more comorbidities, and more previous acute exacerbations in older COPD patients with anxiety compared to those without anxiety (P &lt; 0.05). Meanwhile, a higher modified Medical Research Council (mMRC), a higher COPD assessment test (CAT) score and a shorter six-minute walking distance (6MWD) were found in older COPD patients with anxiety (P &lt; 0.05). The BODE index, mMRC, CAT score, comorbidities and acute exacerbations were associated with anxiety. Eventually, anxiety will increase the risk of future acute exacerbation in older COPD patients (OR = 4.250, 95% CI: 2.369–7.626).ConclusionOlder COPD patients with anxiety had worsening symptoms, more comorbidities and frequent acute exacerbation. Meanwhile, anxiety may increase the risk of acute exacerbation in the future. Therefore, interventions should be provided to reduce the risk of anxiety in older COPD patients at an early stage.
Love-hate relationship between hepatitis B virus and type 2 diabetes: a Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Yu Yunfeng , Tong Keke , Hu Gang , Yang Xinyu , Wu Jingyi , Bai Siyang , Yu Rong 
Published: April 2024

ObjectiveThe impact of hepatitis B virus (HBV) on the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) remains a controversial topic. This study aims to analyze the causal relationship between HBV and T2D using Mendelian randomization (MR).MethodsSingle nucleotide polymorphisms on chronic hepatitis B (CHB), liver fibrosis, liver cirrhosis, and T2D were obtained from BioBank Japan Project, European Bioinformatics Institute, and FinnGen. Mendelian randomization was utilized to evaluate exposure-outcome causality. Inverse variance weighted was used as the primary method for MR analysis. To assess horizontal pleiotropy and heterogeneity, we conducted MR-Egger intercept analysis and Cochran’s Q test, and the robustness of the MR analysis results was evaluated through leave-one-out sensitivity analysis.ResultsMR analysis revealed that CHB was associated with a decreased genetic susceptibility to T2D (OR, 0.975; 95% CI, 0.962–0.989; p &lt; 0.001) while liver cirrhosis (OR, 1.021; 95% CI, 1.007–1.036; p = 0.004) as well as liver cirrhosis and liver fibrosis (OR, 1.015; 95% CI, 1.002–1.028; p = 0.020) were associated with an increased genetic susceptibility to T2D. MR-Egger intercept showed no horizontal pleiotropy (p &gt; 0.05). Cochran’s Q showed no heterogeneity (p &gt; 0.05). Leave-one-out sensitivity analysis showed that the results were robust.ConclusionCHB has the potential to act as a protective factor for T2D, but its effectiveness is constrained by viral load and disease stage. This protective effect diminishes or disappears as viral load decreases, and it transforms into a risk factor with the progression to liver fibrosis and cirrhosis.
The interpositional bypass with a parietal branch of superficial temporal artery graft for symptomatic atherosclerotic anterior cerebral artery stenosis or occlusion
Authors: Tai Chuyang , Ling Cong , Huang Tengchao , Zhang Baoyu , Yang Yang , Wei Lei , Wu Haiwan , Mo Ni , Wang Hui , Chen Chuan 
Published: April 2024

BackgroundFor nonmoyamoya patients with anterior cerebral artery (ACA) stenosis or occlusion, whether direct revascularization of the ACA territory can prevent stroke is still unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of a parietal branch of superficial temporal artery-interposed superficial temporal artery-to-ACA bypass (PISAB) for preventing stroke in patients with symptomatic atherosclerotic ACA stenosis or occlusion (SAASO).MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the data from patients with SAASO who had undergone PISAB in our center between April 2016 and November 2021. The rates of patency, satisfaction (revascularization grades A and B) of bypass, perioperative complications, recurrence of ischemic stroke, changes in bypass flow, and improvements in cerebral blood perfusion were analyzed.ResultsA total of 19 SAASO patients were involved in this study. Sixteen out of 19 (84.2%) patients were free from any cerebral ischemic events after surgery. Only 3 patients (15.8%) had recurrent stroke postoperatively. Two (10.5%) surgery-related complications occurred, including hyperperfusion syndrome and minor stroke. No skin ischemic complications occurred. The average follow-up period was 50.6 ± 18.3 months. The flow rate of the bypass was significantly increased half a year after surgery (56.2 ± 8.0 mL/min vs. 44.3 ± 5.3 mL/min, p &lt; 0.001). The ratio of ipsilateral/contralateral mean transit time in the superior frontal gyrus was decreased significantly after bypass (1.08 ± 0.07 vs. 1.23 ± 0.05, p &lt; 0.001) and continued to decrease 6 months after surgery (1.05 ± 0.04 vs. 1.08 ± 0.07, p = 0.002). The patency rate of PISAB was 94.7% (18/19) 2 years after surgery. The satisfaction rate of bypass was 89.5% (17/19).ConclusionThe results of this study indicate that PISAB, as a safe superficial bypass, can effectively reduce the risk of stroke in SAASO patients. More precise conclusions will require randomized control studies.