bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Elevated Skeletal Osteopontin Levels Contribute to the Hypophosphatasia Phenotype in Akp2−/− Mice
Authors: Harmey Dympna , Johnson Kristen A , Zelken Jonathan , Camacho Nancy P , Hoylaerts Marc F , Noda Masaki , Terkeltaub Robert , Millán José Luis 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
Increased levels of ePPi in mice deficient in TNALP (i.e., Akp2−/−) lead to elevated OPN concentrations. We examined the skeletal phenotype of mice lacking both OPN and TNALP and concluded that the increased OPN levels contribute to the hypophosphatasia phenotype characteristic of Akp2−/− mice. We also found that extracellular OPN regulates the PPi output by osteoblasts.
Introduction: Akp2 −/− display mineralization deficiencies characterized by rickets/osteomalacia. This defect has been attributed to the increased levels of extracellular inorganic pyrophosphate (ePPi), a substrate of tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNALP) and a potent inhibitor of mineral deposition. Because elevated levels of ePPi induce Opn gene expression, the Akp2−/− mice also display increased levels of osteopontin (OPN), another inhibitor of mineralization.
Materials and Methods: Akp2 −/− mice were bred into the Opn−/− line. The resulting double knockout mice were analyzed for skeletal abnormalities by histology and μCT. Calvarial osteoblasts were assayed for their ability to mineralize in vitro and were probed for changes in gene expression.
Results: Mice lacking both Akp2 and Opn showed partial normalization at the histological level with regard to mineral deposition and BMD. However, high ePPi levels remained in Akp2−/− mice. We found that Opn−/− mice have themselves elevated levels of ePPi attributable to an increase in Enpp1 and Ank expression and a concomitant downregulation of Akp2 expression in Opn−/− osteoblasts, but that Opn−/− mice have more mineralized osteoid than wildtype (WT) controls despite their elevated ePPi levels. Addition of exogenous OPN to Opn−/− osteoblasts results in downregulation of Enpp1 and Ank gene expression and a reduction of the PPi output by these cells.
Conclusions: Deletion of both Akp2 and Opn can partially rescue the hypomineralized phenotype of Akp2−/− mice. However, these double knockout mice do not display corrected ePPi levels, and we conclude that regulation of hydroxyapatite deposition requires the coordinated actions of both PPi and OPN and that the hypophosphatasia phenotype in Akp2−/− mice results from the combined inhibitory action of increased levels of both ePPi and OPN. Our data also suggest that the ePPi-mediated regulation of OPN and the OPN-mediated regulation of ePPi are linked counterregulatory mechanisms that control the concentrations of these two important mineralization inhibitors, OPN and ePPi.
Barriers and Facilitators to Implementing an Evidence-Based Community Health Worker Model
Authors: Schriger Simone H. , Knowles Molly , Daglieri Talia , Kangovi Shreya , Beidas Rinad S. 
Published: March 2024

ImportanceCommunity health worker (CHW) programs may improve health outcomes, increase quality of life, and reduce hospitalizations and cost of care. However, knowledge is limited on the barriers and facilitators associated with scaling evidence-based CHW programs to maximize their public health outcomes.ObjectiveTo identify barriers and facilitators to implementing an evidence-based CHW model.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis qualitative study examined perspectives of Individualized Management of Person-Centered Targets (IMPaCT) program staff (health system leaders, program managers, and community health workers) and patients receiving the intervention between March 9, 2020, and July 22, 2021, at 5 institutionally and geographically diverse health systems across the US. The collected data were analyzed between December 1, 2021, and April 27, 2022. Program staff were recruited via purposive sampling, and patients were recruited via convenience sampling.InterventionThe disease-agnostic IMPaCT CHW model includes a standardized implementation approach and a structured set of theory-informed intervention components to create and achieve individualized action plans.Main Outcomes and MeasuresInterview guides were informed by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research. A rapid qualitative analytic technique was used to identify key themes, which were categorized into barriers and facilitators associated with framework ecological domains.ResultsOf a total 41 individuals invited, 39 agreed to participate (95% response rate; mean [SD] age, 45.0 [12.6] years; 30 women). General barriers included economic and policy constraints, including insufficient funding for CHW programs, clinical integration challenges, and CHW difficulty with maintaining boundaries. Program-specific barriers included insufficiently tailored materials for certain populations and upfront and ongoing program costs. General facilitators included CHWs’ interpersonal skills and life experiences. Program-specific facilitators included the model’s strong evidence base, supportive implementation team, and program design that enabled relationship building and engagement. Additional themes were cited as both barriers and facilitators, including the COVID-19 pandemic, organizational leadership, IMPaCT training, and program fidelity.Conclusions and RelevanceThese findings suggest growing recognition of the importance of CHWs to improving health equity and population health. Barriers identified point to important policy and practice implications for CHW programs more broadly, including the need for continued attention to improving clinical integration and the need for sustainable program financing to preserve the longevity of this workforce.
Quantum Well Growth Management to Smooth the Energy Transfer Pathway for Quasi‐2D Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Wang Yajun , Li Dengxue , Xing Zhi , Li Jianlin , Hu Xiaotian , Hu Ting , Chen Yiwang 
Published: March 2024

AbstractTwo‐dimensional (2D) perovskite solar cells (PSCs) exhibit better stability compared with three‐dimensional PSCs. However, fundamental questions remain over the chemical phase space in the 2D perovskite framework. Here, phase distribution of alternating cations in the interlayer space 2D perovskite (GA(MA)nPbnI3n+1) is regulated by using potassium salt to control the assembly behavior of colloidal particles and manage the growth of quantum well. The strong affinity between the spacer cation and sulfonate can slow down the intercalation of organic spacer cations to provide a time window for the insertion of MA+, which is conducive to forming high n phase to facilitate the charge transportation. During the crystallization process, potassium salt is extruded to the grain boundary and produce a passivation effect. In this case, the ion migration channels and inlet of water and oxygen are cut off, which is beneficial for the stability of PSCs. A power conversion efficiency of 20.90% is obtained in this work, to the best knowledge, which is the highest PCE for all reported GA(MA)3Pb3I10 perovskite and the large‐area device (1.01 cm2) shows a high efficiency of 18.73 %. Besides, the devices deliver good humidity stability.
Manipulating CNT Films with Atomic Precision for Absorption Effectiveness–Enhanced Electromagnetic Interference Shielding and Adaptive Infrared Camouflage
Authors: Wu Yue , Tan Shujuan , Fang Gang , Zhang Yuqing , Ji Guangbin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPromoting advanced functional films that integrate protective behaviors for synergetic radar, infrared (IR), and visible light is confronted with extreme challenges. The effective integration of shielding capacity and IR camouflage into single‐component carbon films remains an enormous challenge because of limited conductivity and high IR absorption. In this work, carbon nanotube (CNT) films with excellent electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding, switchable IR camouflage, and energy conversion are obtained via a (FCCVD) method and subsequent defect engineering strategies induced by temperature (Strategy I) and N/S co‐doping (Strategy II). Wherein the effect on the electronic configuration as well as multi‐spectra performance is deeply explored. Ascribing to the synergistic effects of strategies, defective CNT films present superior EMI shielding effectiveness (SE) with a high absorption effectiveness ratio of 86.9%, and a large span of emissivity (0.479), which provides the necessary condition for various application scenarios. Under the applied electric field excitation, the IR radiation of CNT films can adapt to rapidly changing surroundings, such as low‐high/high‐low temperatures. Besides, the desirable energy conversion performance and de‐icing can be achieved. This work supplies a feasible strategy for designing EM absorption, adaptive IR camouflage, and energy conversion to confront multiband surveillance.
Biomimetic MicroRNAs‐Selenium‐Nanocomposites for Targeted and Combined Hyperlipidemia Therapy
Authors: Li Tong , Liu Libing , Zhu Kongdi , Luo Yun , Huang Xin , Dong Yulan , Huang Jiaqiang 
Published: March 2024

AbstractHyperlipidemia is considered as a high‐risk factor for leading to coronary heart disease. MicroRNA‐148a‐3p (miR‐148a‐3p) inhibitor is a potential therapeutic target to bind low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol receptors (LDLR) for decreasing the levels of low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma. However, the therapeutic effects are not ideal in the clinical translation of nucleic acids treatment, owing to the short circulation time in vivo. Therefore, a platelet membrane (PM) cloaks Se nanoparticles (SeNPs) delivery system with chitosan (CS) modifies and miR‐148a‐3p inhibitors encapsulated is designed (PM/CS‐SeNPs/miR). The PM/CS‐SeNPs/miR shows a uniform shell–core structure with a particle size of ≈90 nm. Co‐delivering miR‐148a‐3p inhibitors and Se effectively alleviate hyperlipidemia via LDLR pathway and Toll‐Like Receptor 4 (TLR‐4)/NF‐κB signaling pathway, respectively. Furthermore, coated by PM, PM/CS‐SeNPs/miR successfully prolong circulation time to 48 h in vivo and quickly target to liver with no toxicity. This dual combination therapy with miRNAs and Se based on nanoparticles targeted delivery presents a high‐performance strategy for precise hyperlipidemia treatment.
Identification of Pancreatic Metastasis Cells and Cell Spheroids by the Organelle‐Targeting Sensor Array
Authors: Zhang Guoyang , Wang Zirui , Ma Lijun , Li Jiguang , Han Jiahao , Zhu Mingguang , Zhang Zixuan , Zhang Shilong , Zhang Xin , Wang Zhuo 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPancreatic cancer is a highly malignant and metastatic cancer. Pancreatic cancer can lead to liver metastases, gallbladder metastases, and duodenum metastases. The identification of pancreatic cancer cells is essential for the diagnosis of metastatic cancer and exploration of carcinoma in situ. Organelles play an important role in maintaining the function of cells, the various cells show significant differences in organelle microenvironment. Herein, six probes are synthesized for targeting mitochondria, lysosomes, cell membranes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and lipid droplets. The six fluorescent probes form an organelles‐targeted sensor array (OT‐SA) to image pancreatic metastatic cancer cells and cell spheroids. The homology of metastatic cancer cells brings the challenge for identification of these cells. The residual network (ResNet) model has been proven to automatically extract and select image features, which can figure out a subtle difference among similar samples. Hence, OT‐SA is developed to identify pancreatic metastasis cells and cell spheroids in combination with ResNet analysis. The identification accuracy for the pancreatic metastasis cells (> 99%) and pancreatic metastasis cell spheroids (> 99%) in the test set is successfully achieved respectively. The organelles‐targeting sensor array provides a method for the identification of pancreatic cancer metastasis in cells and cell spheroids.
Textile Triboelectric Nanogenerator: Future Smart Wearable Energy‐Integration Technology
Authors: Zhao Zhizhen , Hu Youfan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractTriboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) technology based on the coupling of triboelectric effect and electrostatic induction has shown great potential in the energy‐integration field. In recent years, the emerging of textile triboelectric nanogenerators (t‐TENGs) has enabled the rapid development of wearable energy‐integration technologies. The efficient mechanical energy harvesting and self‐powered sensing capabilities of TENGs and the advantages of textiles can be combined to create t‐TENGs for the construction of smart fabrics. Herein, a comprehensive review of t‐TENGs is presented. This review begins from the working mechanism of conventional TENGs, after which the construction of triboelectric layers with fibers, yarns, and fabrics is discussed. Then, the different working modes of t‐TENGs derived from TENGs, the critical features of t‐TENGs and power management strategies are discussed. Finally, this review ends with a description of the recent progress in typical wearable applications based on t‐TENGs. The light weight, low cost, flexibility, stretchability, washability, diverse material options, and excellent electrical performance of t‐TENGs will make this technology a great choice for smart energy‐integrated wearable devices in the future.
Graphene Oxide Wrapped VO2 Nanobelts for Calendar‐Life Zn Storage Devices
Authors: Zhao Chunru , Liu Yi , Wu Xiang , Luo Shaohua 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAqueous zinc ion batteries (AZIBs) are thought to be emerging energy storage systems due to their features with high safety, low cost, and eco‐friendliness. They possess potential applications in smart grids and wearable devices. However, it is still a challenge to design suitable cathode materials that matches well with anode. Herein, graphene oxide (GO) coated VO2 nanobelts are prepared through a facile hydrothermal route. The Zn//VO2@GO batteries deliver a specific capacity of 323 mA h g−1 at a current density of 0.1 A g−1. It maintains an 88% of capacity retention rate at 5 A g−1 after 1000 times cycling. Moreover, the assembled flexible cells demonstrate excellent mechanical stability under different folding conditions.
ANDClust: An Adaptive Neighborhood Distance‐Based Clustering Algorithm to Cluster Varying Density and/or Neck‐Typed Datasets
Authors: Şenol Ali 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAlthough density‐based clustering algorithms can successfully define clusters in arbitrary shapes, they encounter issues if the dataset has varying densities or neck‐typed clusters due to the requirement for precise distance parameters, such as eps parameter of DBSCAN. These approches assume that data density is homogenous, but this is rarely the case in practice. In this study, a new clustering algorithm named ANDClust (Adaptive Neighborhood Distance‐based Clustering Algorithm) is proposed to handle datasets with varying density and/or neck‐typed clusters. The algorithm consists of three parts. The first part uses Multivariate Kernel Density Estimation (MulKDE) to find the dataset's peak points, which are the start points for the Minimum Spanning Tree (MST) to construct clusters in the second part. Lastly, an Adaptive Neighborhood Distance (AND) ratio is used to weigh the distance between the data pairs. This method enables this approach to support inter‐cluster and intra‐cluster density varieties by acting as if the distance parameter differs for each data of the dataset. ANDClust is tested on synthetic and real datasets to reveal its efficiency. The algorithm shows superior clustering quality in a good run‐time compared to its competitors. Moreover, ANDClust could effectively define clusters of arbitrary shapes and process high‐dimensional, imbalanced datasets may have outliers.
Molecular and Heterojunction Device Engineering of Solution‐Processed Conjugated Reticular Oligomers: Enhanced Photoelectrochemical Hydrogen Evolution through High‐Effective Exciton Separation
Authors: Zhang Boying , Gao Huimin , Kang Yazhou , Li Xiaoming , Li Qing , Zhai Pengda , Hildebrandt Diane , Liu Xinying , Wang Yue , Qiao Shanlin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractCovalent organic frameworks (COFs) face limited processability challenges as photoelectrodes in photoelectrochemical water reduction. Herein, sub‐10 nm benzothiazole‐based colloidal conjugated reticular oligomers (CROs) are synthesized using an aqueous nanoreactor approach, and the end‐capping molecular strategy to engineer electron‐deficient units onto the periphery of a CRO nanocrystalline lattices (named CROs‐Cg). This results in stable and processable “electronic inks” for flexible photoelectrodes. CRO‐BtzTp‐Cg and CRO‐TtzTp‐Cg expand the absorption spectrum into the infrared region and improve fluorescence lifetimes. Heterojunction device engineering is used to develop interlayer heterojunction and bulk heterojunction (BHJ) photoelectrodes with a hole transport layer, electron transport layer, and the main active layers, using a CROs/CROs‐Cg or one‐dimensional (1D) electron‐donating polymer HP18 mixed solution via spinning coating. The ITO/CuI/CRO‐TtzTp‐Cg‐HP18/SnO2/Pt photoelectrode shows a photocurrent of 94.9 µA cm‒2 at 0.4 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE), which is 47.5 times higher than that of ITO/Bulk‐TtzTp. Density functional theory calculations show reduced energy barriers for generating adsorbed H* intermediates and increased electron affinity in CROs‐Cg. Mott‐Schottky and charge density difference analyses indicate enhanced charge carrier densities and accelerated charge transfer kinetics in BHJ devices. This study lays the groundwork for large‐scale production of COF nanomembranes and heterojunction structures, offering the potential for cost‐effective, printable energy systems.
Unraveling the New Role of Manganese in Nano and Microstructural Engineering of Ni‐Rich Layered Cathode for Advanced Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Park Geon‐Tae , Kim Su‐Bin , Yoon Jung‐In , Park Nam‐Yung , Kim Myoung‐Chan , Han Sang‐Mun , Kim Dong‐Hwi , Kim Min‐Su , Sun Yang‐Kook 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSubstantial endeavors are dedicated to advance the electrochemical performance of Ni‐rich Li[Ni1−x−yCoxMny]O2 (NCM) and Li[Ni1−x−yCoxAly]O2 (NCA) cathode, with a particular focus on doping, aimed at addressing cycling durability and thermal stability of the cathodes. Mn is widely considered an attractive dopant because of its abundance and considerably lower cost than other dopant candidates. However, despite the long history of research, the role of Mn doping remains poorly understood, confined to the historical level, and associated with crystal structural and chemical aspects. Herein, the role of Mn doping beyond its classical role is redefined, particularly in terms of cathode microstructure. Introducing excess Mn during calcination significantly engineers the nano‐ and micro‐level structural features of the peripheral grains of the Li[Ni0.910Co0.079Al0.011]O2 cathode. The microstructural modification achieved by doping with 4 mol% Mn significantly improves the electrochemical cycling performance of the cathode, extending the capacity retention up to 76.5% after 1000 cycles under fast charging conditions (3 C and 45 °C). Hence, by providing an alternative approach to redesign the structural features of the cathode, Mn doping offers a significant step toward the sustainable development of high‐performance Ni‐rich Li[Ni1−x−y−zCoxMnyAlz]O2 (NCMA) cathodes for next‐generation lithium‐ion batteries.
Total Synthesis of Alternatamides B and D
Authors: Wu Bo‐You , Lin Cheng‐Kun 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe total synthesis of alternatamines B and D is outlined. Alternatamine B demonstrates moderate antibacterial activity across a broad spectrum of bacteria. Both alternatamines B and D feature an intriguing 5,6‐dibromoindole skeleton, derived from a four‐step sequence starting with 3,4‐dibromoaniline and achieving a total yield of 48 %. The key steps involve: (a) functional group modifications, including iodination, of 3,4‐dibromoaniline with two bromine substituents to obtain the Sonogashira precursor; (b) indole synthesis through Sonogashira coupling and 5‐endo‐dig cyclization; (c) carbon chain extension and introduction of the nitrogen atom at the C3 of the indole. Subsequently, the tryptamine analogue was coupled with an L‐leucine derivative through amide bond formation after deprotection, yielding alternatamide D. The first total synthesis of alternatamine B was also achieved by selectively introducing a bromine substituent at the C2 of the indole, employing optimal bromination conditions.
Cylindrically Symmetric Diffusion Model for Relativistic Heavy‐Ion Collisions
Authors: Hoelck Johannes , Wolschin Georg 
Published: March 2024

AbstractA relativistic diffusion model with cylindrical symmetry, which propagates an initial state based on quantum chromodynamics in time toward a thermal equilibrium limit, is derived from nonequilibrium–statistical considerations: adapting an existing framework for Markovian stochastic processes representing relativistic phase‐space trajectories, a Fokker–Planck equation is obtained for the time evolution of particle‐number distribution functions with respect to transverse and longitudinal rapidity. The resulting partially‐evolved distribution functions are transformed to transverse‐momentum and pseudorapidity space, and compared with charged‐hadron data from the CERN Large Hadron Collider.
HST astrometry of the closest brown dwarfs‐II. Improved parameters and constraints on a third body
Authors: Bedin L. R. , Dietrich J. , Burgasser A. J. , Apai D. , Libralato M. , Griggio M. , Fontanive C. , Pourbaix D. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractLocated at less than two pc away, Luhman 16 AB (WISE J104915.57‐531906.1) is the closest pair of brown dwarfs and the third closest “stellar” system to Earth. An exoplanet candidate in the Luhman 16 binary system was reported in 2017 based on a weak astrometric signature in the analysis of 12 HST epochs. An additional epoch collected in 2018 and re‐analysis of the data with more advanced methods further increased the significance level of the candidate, consistent with a Neptune‐mass exoplanet orbiting one of the Luhman 16 brown dwarf components. We report the joint analysis of these previous data together with two new astrometric HST epochs we obtained to confirm or disprove this astrometric signature. Our new analysis rules out the presence of a planet orbiting one component of the Luhman 16 AB system for masses 1.5 M♆ (Neptune masses) and periods between 400 and 5000 days. However, the presence of third bodies with masses 3 M♆ and periods between 2 and 400 days (1.1 years) cannot be excluded. Our measurements make significant improvements to the characterization of this sub‐stellar binary, including its mass‐ratio 0.8305 , individual component masses 35.40.2 MꝜ and 29.40.2 MꝜ (Jupiter masses), and parallax distance 1.9960 pc 50 AU. Comparison of the masses and luminosities of Luhman 16 AB to several evolutionary models shows persistent discrepancies in the ages of the two components, but strengthens the case that this system is a member of the 51095 Myr Oceanus Moving Group.