bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Teaching residents to teach: A pilot study for an innovative online curriculum
Authors: Karademos Jonathan E. , Yarris Lalena M. , Steinberg Eric 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIntroductionResident‐as‐teacher (RAT) curricula have improved teaching behavior, ability, and confidence among resident participants. However, there are limited data on the appropriate format, length, and content. With teaching being a core residency competency and residents delivering one‐third of student teaching in the clinical setting, properly training residents in clinical teaching is essential. We created a formal, scalable, asynchronous RAT curriculum. We report the pilot implementation of this curriculum along with feasibility, user acceptability, and preliminary knowledge outcomes.MethodsIn this pilot pre–post interventional study, senior emergency medicine residents completed a formalized online education curriculum during their “teach month.” The curriculum consisted of three online modules completed weekly over a 4‐week rotation. Topics included adult learning, assessment and feedback, and group teaching. Several surveys were sent to residents before and after curriculum implementation. The surveys rated satisfaction and asked several education‐specific knowledge questions to assess learning. Ratings were analyzed using means and confidence intervals (95%). Knowledge questions were graded and then analyzed by ANOVA and Fisher's LSD test.ResultsAfter the online modules were completed, the intervention group residents’ mean score on knowledge questions was significantly higher than that prior to the curriculum and significantly higher than that the control group (previous graduated residents; 6.00 vs. 2.70, p = 0.0001; and 6.00 vs. 3.00, p = 0.0003, respectively). This score was maintained 3 months after completing the online modules. Intervention group residents were more satisfied with the online education resources than the control group (p = 0.048).ConclusionsResidents participating in a formalized online curriculum during their teach month demonstrate a high comprehension of education concepts and increased satisfaction with the provided educational resources and report high satisfaction with the teach month. Our pilot study suggests that a short online education‐focused curriculum is an effective method of providing RAT training and may be applicable to clinical teachers across specialties and experience levels.
Measuring specialty crop grower willingness to pay for genetic modification and genetic editing
Authors: Abbey Marie , Smith Alan G. , Yue Chengyan , Marson Corissa , Lai Yufeng , Stowers Carrie 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn contrast to the widespread adoption of agricultural commodities modified using biotechnology, the adoption rate of bioengineered specialty crops by growers remains low. The use of bioengineered crops has been controversial since their introduction in the 1990s due to concerns about their potentially harmful effects to human health, the environment, and other socioeconomic issues. To identify grower preferences, perceived opportunities, and barriers to growing bioengineered crops, we surveyed Minnesota specialty crop growers using a web‐based survey. The survey measured whether adoption rates are influenced by the specific trait of the modification, the method of bioengineering (genetically modified [GM] vs. genetically edited [GE]), or the end use of the crop being grown (ornamental vs food). Overall willingness‐to‐pay for both GM and GE potatoes was significantly lower than for conventional potatoes, and nearly a quarter (25%) of our respondents never chose a bioengineered option no matter the benefits. Results were similar for petunias, but fewer respondents (18%) refused to consider the bioengineering option. The type of bioengineering did not have as significant an impact on adoption rate as price or end use. The bioengineered ornamental crop had a higher willingness to adopt than the bioengineered food crop. [EconLit Citations: Q160 Agricultural R & D; Agricultural Technology; Biofuels; Agricultural Extension Services. O330 Technological Change: Choices and Consequences; Diffusion Processes].
Potential impact of unblinding on observed treatment effects in Alzheimer's disease trials
Authors: Wolters Frank J. , Labrecque Jeremy A. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractINTRODUCTIONAdverse effects of monoclonal antibodies against amyloid beta are common, and may affect validity of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) through unblinding of participants.METHODSWe used observations from published phase 3 RCTs in Alzheimer's disease to calculate the magnitude of unblinding effects on cognition that would be required to explain observed cognitive benefits in RCTs.RESULTSIn trials of lecanemab, aducanumab, and donanemab, incidence of amyloid‐related imaging abnormalities with active treatment ranged from 22% to 44%, the vast majority of which presumably led to unblinding. Effects of unblinding on the Clinical Dementia Rating Sum of Boxes required to fully explain observed drug effects ranged from 1.1 point (95% confidence interval: 0.2–2.0) with aducanumab, to 3.3 points (2.1–4.4) with donanemab and 3.7 points (2.0–5.6) with lecanemab. Infusion‐related reactions were common, with potential unblinding effects particularly for lecanemab. Similar patterns were observed for the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale Cognitive subscale.DISCUSSIONPsychological treatment effects due to unblinding may explain a substantial share of observed treatment effects in RCTs.
Relationship between extravascular leakage and clinical outcome on computed tomography of isolated traumatic brain injury
Authors: Ito Hiroshi , Nakamura Youhei , Togami Yuki , Onishi Shinya , Nakao Shunichiro , Ogura Hiroshi , Oda Jun 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAimThis study investigated whether contrast extravasation on computed tomography (CT) angiography in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) is associated with death or surgical procedures.MethodsPatients over 18 years old, directly brought in by ambulance with an isolated head injury and confirmed to have acute intracranial hemorrhage on a CT scan upon admission between 2010 and 2020, were included. The primary outcome was mortality, and the secondary outcome was neurosurgical procedures performed from admission to discharge from the intensive care unit. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate the association between these outcomes and contrast extravasation.ResultsThe analysis included 188 patients with a median age of 65 years, 123 men (65.4%), 34 deaths (18.1%), and 91 surgeries (48.4%). Among the 66 patients with contrast extravasation, 22 (33.3%) died and 47 (71.2%) required surgery. Among the 122 patients with no contrast extravasation, 12 (9.8%) died, and 44 (36.1%) required surgery. The presence or absence of extravascular leakage was associated with death (odds ratio, 3.6 [95% CI: 1.2–12.2]) and surgery (odds ratio, 7.6 [95% CI: 2.5–22.7]).ConclusionContrast extravasation was associated with mortality and performance of surgery in patients with an isolated head injury.
B,N‐Embedded Hetero[9]helicene Toward Highly Efficient Circularly Polarized Electroluminescence
Authors: Guo Wei‐Chen , Zhao Wen‐Long , Tan Ke‐Ke , Li Meng , Chen Chuan‐Feng 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe intrinsic helical π‐conjugated skeleton makes helicenes highly promising for circularly polarized electroluminescence (CPEL). Generally, carbon helicenes undergo low external quantum efficiency (EQE), while the incorporation of a multi‐resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence (MR‐TADF) BN structure has led to an improvement. However, the reported B,N‐embedded helicenes all show low electroluminescence dissymmetry factors (gEL), typically around 1×10−3. Therefore, the development of B,N‐embedded helicenes with both a high EQE and gEL value is crucial for achieving highly efficient CPEL. Herein, a facile approach to synthesize B,N‐embedded hetero[9]helicenes, BN[9]H, is presented. BN[9]H shows a bright photoluminescence with a maximum at 578 nm with a high luminescence dissymmetry factor (|glum|) up to 5.8×10−3, attributed to its inherited MR‐TADF property and intrinsic helical skeleton. Furthermore, circularly polarized OLED devices incorporating BN[9]H as an emitter show a maximum EQE of 35.5 %, a small full width at half‐maximum of 48 nm, and, more importantly, a high |gEL| value of 6.2×10−3. The Q‐factor (|EQE×gEL|) of CP‐OLEDs is determined to be 2.2×10−3, which is the highest among helicene analogues. This work provides a new approach for the synthesis of higher helicenes and paves a new way for the construction of highly efficient CPEL materials.
Density and viscosity of deep eutectic solvents at different temperatures and compositions: Measurement and prediction model
Authors: Wang Haiou , Wang Yinuo , Wang Shizhuo , Li Hongjuan , Peng Sheng , Wang Yatao , Li Hao , Fang Jing 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDeep eutectic solvents (DESs) are becoming increasingly promising as environmentally friendly solvents, and accurate prediction of their density and viscosity is crucial for their successful industrial application. However, existing density and viscosity prediction models primarily rely on temperature variations and often overlook changes in the molar ratio of hydrogen bond acceptors (HBA) to hydrogen bond donors (HBD) in DESs, limiting their practicality. Therefore, in this study, several binary and ternary DESs were synthesized using choline chloride (ChCl) as the hydrogen bond donor. The densities and viscosities of these DESs were measured, and prediction models for the density and viscosity of DESs based on temperature and molar ratio were developed. These models were used to forecast the density and viscosity of DESs at different temperatures and molar ratios. The model parameters are calibrated using experimental data from this research. Finally, the model is utilized to predict the density and viscosity of DESs mentioned in this paper, as well as DESs with varying HBAs and HBDs. The results demonstrate that the discrepancy between the literature value, experimental value, and calculated value is less than 6%, confirming the universal applicability and reliability of the prediction model proposed in this study.
Interactions between inland water‐based recreation and freshwater turtles: A review
Authors: Berberi Albana , Guay Jessika D. , Bulté Grégory , Cooke Steven J. , Davy Christina M. , Nguyen Vivian M. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Outdoor recreation brings countless benefits to humans. Understanding the inevitable human interactions with nature is essential for conserving the outdoors for years to come. Water‐based recreation in freshwater ecosystems is increasing in popularity, but freshwater biodiversity is in global decline.
The aim of this review is to explore the interactions between water users and freshwater turtles during inland water‐based recreation.
Thirty articles (most based in North America) were found to study human–turtle interactions during water‐based recreation, 29 of which reported water‐based recreational activities posing negative effects on freshwater turtle populations. Negative, direct effect interactions included boat collisions with turtles and accidental hooking of turtles with fishhooks. Negative, indirect effect interactions included human presence near habitats used by turtles and wake action with subsequent shoreline erosion. One article reported a positive interaction between humans and freshwater turtles when installing a non‐disruptive turtle observation deck.
Eleven articles discussed conservation measures to mitigate turtle risks during water‐based recreation, but none evaluated their efficacy. Conservation measures included regulating boat types, sizes and access points, protecting habitats used by turtles, designating ‘no wake’ boating zones, restricting fishing permits, installing turtle basking perches, promoting public awareness and outreach and implementing participatory science and stewardship programmes.
Future research on human–freshwater turtle interactions during inland water‐based recreation could explore the efficacy of conservation measures, potential interactions outside of regularly studied boating and fishing activities and recreation‐induced turtle habitat alterations. Also, future research could explore the human dimension side of human–turtle interactions, including perceptions and knowledge from water users on the interactions they experience, and their awareness and actions of pro‐environmental behaviours to protect turtles during water‐based recreation.
Selection of parameters to assess the welfare of free‐ranging Indo‐Pacific humpback dolphins using expert opinion survey
Authors: Serres Agathe , Platto Sara , Li Songhai 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Animal welfare assessments have recently been suggested to be useful for free‐ranging animals. Nevertheless, few standardized welfare assessment frameworks have been built for wildlife, including cetaceans.
Coastal cetaceans like Indo‐Pacific humpback dolphins (Sousa chinensis, IPHDs) that form resident populations impacted by a wide range of human activities are subject to reliable photo‐identification efforts and thus represent perfect candidates for welfare monitoring.
Parameters that may inform us on some aspects of the welfare of free‐ranging IPHDs were selected through literature review. A panel survey including three consecutive rounds was then conducted to collect the opinion of selected experts on these parameters.
The survey allowed the validation of a list containing 31 parameters that provide information on the welfare of IPHDs. The opinion of experts also allowed to set the modalities of the data collection required to measure/observe these parameters.
After establishing a consistent scoring method and testing it on existing data, this standardized framework will allow for obtaining a wide picture of the living conditions of IPHDs. Variations across time periods, among dolphin populations and locations, or following major environmental changes (e.g., conservation measures or human disturbances) could then be analysed.
Added to traditional conservation approaches, standardized welfare monitoring will greatly participate in the conservation of these animals.
Directionality of Halogen‐Bonds: Insights from 2D Energy Decomposition Analysis
Authors: Herrmann Barbara , Svatunek Dennis 
Published: February 2024

AbstractHalogen bonds are typically observed to have a linear arrangement with a 180° angle between the nucleophile and the halogen bond acceptor X−R. This linearity is commonly explained using the σ‐hole model, although there have been alternative explanations involving exchange repulsion forces. We employ two‐dimensional Distortion/Interaction and Energy Decomposition Analysis to examine the archetypal H3N⋯X2 halogen bond systems. Our results indicate that although halogen bonds are predominantly electrostatic, their directionality is largely due to decreased Pauli repulsion in linear configurations as opposed to angled ones in the I2 and Br2 systems. As we move to the smaller halogens, Cl2 and F2, the influence of Pauli repulsion diminishes, and the energy surface is shaped by orbital interactions and electrostatic forces. These results support the role of exchange repulsion forces in influencing the directionality of strong halogen bonds. Additionally, we demonstrate that the 2D Energy Decomposition Analysis is a useful tool for enhancing our understanding of the nature of potential energy surfaces in noncovalent interactions.
Microsurgical anatomy of the glossopharyngeal nerve
Authors: Joo Wonil 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe glossopharyngeal nerve is a complicated and mixed nerve including sensory, motor, parasympathetic, and visceral fibers. It mediates taste, salivation, and swallowing. The low cranial nerves, including IXth, Xth, and XIth, are closely related, sharing some nuclei in the brainstem. The glossopharyngeal nerve arises from the spinal trigeminal nucleus and tract, solitary tract and nucleus, nucleus ambiguous, and inferior salivatory nucleus in the brainstem. There are communicating branches forming a neural anastomotic network between low cranial nerves. Comprehensive knowledge of the anatomy of the glossopharyngeal nerve is crucial for performing surgical procedures without significant complications. This review describes the microsurgical anatomy of the glossopharyngeal nerve and illustrates some pictures involving the glossopharyngeal nerve and its connective and neurovascular structures.
Myocardial infarction with nonobstructive coronaries (MINOCA) following rabies postexposure prophylaxis: A case report
Authors: Dhungana Reechashree , Pokharel Prajjwal , Poudel Chandra Mani , Khanal Raja Ram , Shakya Smriti , Gajurel Ratna Mani 
Published: February 2024

Key Clinical MessageThis case underscores the importance of considering myocardial infarction with nonobstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA) in patients experiencing acute chest pain following rabies vaccination, emphasizing the need for heightened awareness and further research into the association between MINOCA and Rabies vaccination.AbstractRabies is a vaccine‐preventable deadly viral disease prevalent in Asia and Africa that causes thousands of deaths annually. Rabies pre (PrEP) and postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) is highly effective in annulling rabies‐associated deaths. The adverse reactions following rabies vaccination are typically mild. Myocardial infarction with non‐obstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA) is a rare condition, and its association with rabies vaccination is unprecedented. We present a case of a 43‐year‐old male with MINOCA following Rabies PEP. A 43‐year‐old male, nonsmoker and nonalcoholic, presented to the ER with complaints of acute onset left sided chest pain following the completion of the third dose of intradermal rabies vaccine, whose clinical features, ECG changes and lab reports were suggestive of acute presentation of inferior wall MI. Coronary angiography was performed, which however revealed normal coronaries with only slow flow being noted in the left anterior descending (LAD) artery. Echocardiography later showed a normal study with no other relevant diagnosis unveiled on further investigations. Hence a diagnosis of vaccine‐induced MINOCA was made. Treatment included antiplatelet therapy, statins, and beta‐blockers. MINOCA following rabies vaccination is an unprecedented finding. The clear etiology behind this couldn't be ascertained. The patient's treatment was conventional, emphasizing the need for further research and clinical trials in MINOCA diagnosis and management. This case highlights the need for clinicians to consider MINOCA in patients with acute chest pain post‐rabies vaccination. Further research is essential to unravel the association between MINOCA and rabies vaccination, paving the way for optimal management strategies.
Molybdenum Catalyzed Acceptorless Dehydrogenation of Alcohols for the Synthesis of Quinolines
Authors: Garcia Beatriz , Royo Beatriz 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe first molybdenum triazolylidene complexes catalyzing the atom‐economical synthesis of quinolines through acceptorless dehydrogenative coupling of alcohols is reported. A new family of Mo(0) complexes bearing chelating bis‐1,2,3‐triazolylidene, pyridyl‐1,2,3‐triazolylidene, and bis‐triazole ligands have been prepared and applied as catalysts for the synthesis of quinolines. Interestingly, Mo complexes bearing bis‐1,2,3‐triazolylidene ligands with alkyl groups (Et, n‐Bu) displayed superior catalytic activities than those containing aryl substituents on the triazolylidene rings. Control experiments corroborated that the catalytic reaction involves the dehydrogenation pathway.
Thermodynamics of Reversible Hydrogen Storage: Are Methoxy‐Substituted Aromatics better through Oxygen Functionality?
Authors: Samarov Artemiy A. , Müller Karsten , Wasserscheid Peter , Verevkin Sergey P. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAn attractive option for the storage of hydrogen is the reversible hydrogenation of an aromatic substance, a so‐called liquid organic hydrogen carrier. For hydrogen release, it is desirable to find substances with low enthalpies of reaction for dehydrogenation. It has been demonstrated that substitution, e.g., with methyl groups, on the ring can have a positive effect in this regard. In this study, thermochemical properties of methoxy‐substituted pyridines and quinolines and their respective hydrogenated counterparts have been analyzed from a thermodynamic point of view. Combustion calorimetry has been utilized to measure the enthalpy of formation and the transpiration method for determining the vapor pressure. Additionally, high‐level quantum‐chemical approaches have been applied to obtain caloric data in the gas phase, which provide a basis for comparison and evaluation of the experimental data. The results reveal two main effects of methoxy substitution. First, oxygenated substituents like methoxy groups have stronger effect on the Gibbs energy of reaction and thus the temperature needed thermodynamically for hydrogen release than methyl groups. Second, the effect is highly depending on the position of the substitution on the ring. Particularly methoxy groups close to a N heteroatom can have a significant positive effect, which might enable hydrogen release at equilibrium temperatures more than 50 K lower than for their unsubstituted analogue.
Common Transition Metal Oxide Nanomaterials in Electrochemical Sensors for the Diagnosis of Monoamine Neurotransmitter‐Related Disorders
Authors: Elugoke Saheed E. , Ganesh Pattan‐Siddappa , Kim Sang‐Youn , Ebenso Eno E. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMonoamine neurotransmitters are essential for learning, mental alertness, emotions, and blood flow, among other functions. Fatal neurological disorders that signal the imbalance of these biomolecules in the human system include Parkinson's disease, myocardial infarction, Alzheimer's disease, hypoglycemia, Schizophrenia, and a host of other ailments. The diagnosis of these monoamine neurotransmitter‐related conditions revolves around the development of analytical tools with high sensitivity for the four major monoamine neurotransmitters namely dopamine, epinephrine, norepinephrine, and serotonin. The application of electrochemical sensors made from notable metal oxide nanoparticles or composites containing the metal oxide nanoparticles for the detection of these monoamine neurotransmitters was discussed herein. More importantly, the feasibility of the application of the ZnO, CuO, and TiO2 nanoparticle‐based electrochemical sensors for a comprehensive diagnosis of monoamine neurotransmitter‐related conditions was critically investigated in this review.