bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prognostic factors for Korean patients with anaplastic thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Kim Tae Yong , Kim Kyung Won , Jung Tae Sik , Kim Jung Min , Kim Sun Wook , Chung Ki‐Wook , Kim Eun Young , Gong Gyungyub , Oh Young Lyun , Cho Soo Youn , Yi Ka Hee , Kim Won Bae , Park Do Joon , Chung Jae Hoon , Cho Bo Youn , Shong Young Kee 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBackground.Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC), although rare, is one of the most aggressive human cancers, and patients with ATC have extremely poor prognoses despite various therapeutic measures. We wished to determine the prognostic factors of survival and effect of treatment on survival rate in patients with ATC.Methods.We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of the 121 patients (41 men and 80 women) diagnosed with ATC from January 1995 to June 2004 at 5 major referral centers in Korea.Results.Mean patient age at diagnosis was 64 ± 11 years (range, 17–84 years). Of the 121 patients, 11 (9%) had intrathyroidal tumors, 69 (57%) had extrathyroidal tumors or lymph node involvement, 29 (24%) had distant metastases, and 12 had no data about staging (9%). The mean tumor diameter was 5.5 ± 2.5 cm (range, 0.5–17.0 cm). At a median follow‐up of 41 months (range, 26–122 months), 8 patients were alive. Median survival time was 5.1 months. The disease‐specific survival rates were 42% at 6 months, 16% at 12 months, and 9% at 24 months. Sixteen patients (13%) received only supportive care, 25 (21%) received surgery alone, 20 (16%) received radiation treatment or chemotherapy without surgery, and 60 (50%) received surgery plus radiation treatment or chemotherapy. Multivariate analysis showed that age less than 60 years, tumor size less than 7 cm, and lesser extent of disease were independent predictors of lower disease‐specific mortality.Conclusions.Long‐term survival is possible for ATC patients less than 60 years old and with small localized tumors. Although aggressive multimodal therapy, including surgery, radiation treatment, and chemotherapy, was not significantly associated with improved survival, we advocate aggressive multimodal therapy in selected ATC patients with good prognostic factors. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 2007
Effect of tobacco deprivation on the attentional blink in rapid serial visual presentation
Authors: Heinz Adrienne , Waters Andrew J. , Taylor Richard C. , Myers Carol S. , Moolchan Eric T. , Heishman Stephen J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWhen two targets are imbedded in rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP), identification of the second target (T2) is impaired if it occurs within 500 ms of the first target (T1). This attentional blink (AB) is thought to involve interference of resources in processing T1 and T2. The deleterious effect of tobacco deprivation on attention has been documented, but no studies have examined the AB. Nonsmokers (n = 30), 12‐h tobacco‐deprived smokers (n = 30), and nondeprived smokers (n = 30) were randomly assigned to perform the RSVP with one of three stimulus‐duration conditions (96, 113, or 130 ms). Participants completed 48 RSVP trials. Each trial consisted of 16 individually presented words (T1, T2, and 14 distractors), and T2 lagged T1 at serial positions 1—8. Participants verbalized T1 and T2 in order immediately after each trial. Identification of T2 (for correct T1 trials) was impaired at early versus late lag positions, which was especially pronounced in the most difficult (96 ms) condition. There was no evidence for group differences on the AB; however, deprived smokers were worse identifying T1 in the 113‐ms condition. These results suggest that the AB is influenced by stimulus duration, but not by 12 h of tobacco deprivation. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Non‐point source pollution estimation using a modified approach
Authors: Jha Ramakar , Ojha C. S. P. , Bhatia K. K. S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractNon‐point source (NPS) pollution from agricultural land is increasing exponentially in many countries of the world, including India. A modified approach based on the conservation of mass and reaction kinetics has been derived to estimate the inflow of non‐point source pollutants from a river reach. Two water quality variables, namely, nitrate (NO3) and ortho‐phosphate (o‐PO4), which are main contributors as non‐point source pollution, were monitored at four locations of River Kali, western Uttar Pradesh, India, and used for calibration and validation of the model. Extensive water quality sampling was done with a total of 576 field data sets collected during the period from March 1999 to February 2000. Remote sensing and geographical information system (GIS) techniques were used to obtain land use/land cover of the region, digital elevation model (DEM), delineation of basin area contributing to non‐point source pollution at each sampling location and drainage map.The results obtained from a modified approach were compared with the existing mass‐balance equations and distributed modelling, and the performances of different equations were evaluated using error estimation viz. standard error, normal mean error, mean multiplicative error and correlation statistics. The developed model for the River Kali minimizes error estimates and improves correlation between observed and computed NPS loads. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modelling change: new opportunities in the analysis of microgenetic data
Authors: Cheshire Andrea , Muldoon Kevin P. , Francis Brian , Lewis Charlie N. , Ball Linden J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractDespite the increasing use of the microgenetic methodology to examine change, the techniques employed to analyse microgenetic data remain fairly unsophisticated. This paper reviews the existing ways of analysing such data and describes their limitations. We use two recent studies to illustrate how modelling can avoid these problems and reveal important aspects of children's cognitive development. The first example illustrates the use of quasi‐binomial modelling to examine 6‐ and 7‐year olds' analogical reasoning development. This method offered insights into the way in which children develop, in terms of the rate and path of change, and how different instructional cues can affect their performance. The second study employs a random effects logistic model to analyse the development of preschoolers' counting skills. This technique was employed to examine different influences on children's use of counting to compare quantities. We argue that the key benefit of such modelling approaches is that they are able to tap into the process of change whilst not compromising statistical assumptions. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
TAP expression reduces IL‐10 expressing tumor infiltrating lymphocytes and restores immunosurveillance against melanoma
Authors: Zhang Qian‐Jin , Seipp Robyn P. , Chen Susan S. , Vitalis Timothy Z. , Li Xiao‐Lin , Choi Kyung‐Bok , Jeffries Andrew , Jefferies Wilfred A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMany immune therapeutic strategies are under development for melanoma to treat metastatic disease and prevent disease reoccurrence. However, human melanoma cells are often deficient in antigen processing and this appears to play a role in their expansion and escape from immunosurveillance. For example, expression of the transporters associated with antigen processing (TAP1 and TAP2) is down‐regulated in the mouse melanoma cell line B16F10. This results in a lack of tumor‐associated antigen processing, low surface expression of MHC Class I molecules and low immunogenicity. We observe that restoration of TAP1 expression by transfection resurrects the processing and presentation of viral antigens, and the melanoma‐associated antigen, TRP‐2. Immunization with irradiated B16F10/rTAP1 transfected cells generates CTLs that are capable of killing B16F10/rTAP1 transfected targets and B16F10 targets deficient in TAP1. Furthermore, B16F10/rTAP1 transfectants grow at a significantly slower rate in mice than B16F10 cells. In an experimental model that closely recapitulates the clinical situation, treatment of B16F10 tumors in mice with a vaccinia virus vector expressing TAP1 also significantly decreases tumor growth in vivo. Furthermore, tumors treated with vaccinia TAP1 had significantly reduced numbers of immunosuppressive, CD3+/IL‐10 positive, tumor infiltrating lymphocytes. Therefore, TAP1 expression restores both antigen presentation and immunogenicity in B16F10 melanoma cells and concomitantly reduces immunosuppressive IL‐10 production at the local tumor site, thereby increasing immunosurveillance mechanisms against tumors. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Biliary tract cancer and stones in relation to chronic liver conditions: A population‐based study in Shanghai, China
Authors: Hsing Ann W. , Gao Yu‐Tang , McGlynn Katherine A. , Niwa Shelley , Zhang Mingdong , Han Tian‐Quan , Wang Bing‐Sheng , Chen Jinbo , Sakoda Lori C. , Shen Ming‐Chang , Zhang Bai‐He , Deng Jie , Rashid Asif 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBiliary tract cancers are relatively rare but fatal tumors. Apart from a close link with gallstones and cholangitis, risk factors for biliary tract cancer are obscure. Chronic liver conditions, including liver cirrhosis, have been linked to a higher risk of biliary tract cancer. In a population‐based case‐control study conducted in Shanghai, China, we investigated the relationships of a history of chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis as well as a family history of liver cancer with biliary tract cancer risk. The study included 627 patients with biliary tract cancers (368 gallbladder, 191 bile duct and 68 ampulla of Vater), 1,037 patients with biliary stones (774 gallbladder stones and 263 bile duct stones) and 959 healthy subjects randomly selected from the population. Bile duct cancer was associated with self‐reports of chronic liver conditions, including a history of chronic hepatitis (OR = 2.0, 95% CI 0.9–4.4), liver cirrhosis (OR = 4.7, 95% CI 1.9–11.7) and a family history of primary liver cancer (OR = 2.0, 95% CI 1.0–3.9). The excess risk persisted after adjustment for gallstones and were more pronounced among subjects without gallstones (OR = 5.0, 95% CI 1.3–20.0 and OR = 4.9, 95% 2.0–12.2, respectively). History of liver conditions was also associated with an excess of biliary stones (OR = 1.9, 95% CI 1.2–3.0). No association was found for cancers of the gallbladder and ampulla of Vater. A history of chronic hepatitis and cirrhosis may be risk factors for extraheptic bile duct cancer. Given that chronic infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) is the most common cause of liver disease in China, serologic markers of HBV need to be measured in future studies to examine the link between HBV and bile duct cancer. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fluorescence spectroscopy of an in vitro model of human cervical precancer identifies neoplastic phenotype
Authors: Martin Sarah F. , Wood Andrew D. , McRobbie Michelle M. , Mazilu M. , McDonald Michael P. , Samuel Ifor D.W. , Herrington C. Simon 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe clinical diagnosis of cervical neoplasia by spectroscopic methods is potentially a reliable, fast and cost‐effective alternative to the conventional smear test. However, it is currently limited by significant inter‐patient variation in the spectroscopic properties of the cervix. Characterisation of suitable in vitro models of the spectroscopic changes that take place during neoplastic progression may prove to be a significant step towards the successful development of reliable in vivo systems. In this study, we used organotypic epithelial raft culture as an in vitro model of cervical tissue to analyse changes in the fluorescence properties of surface squamous epithelium that are associated with the development of neoplastic disease. Collagen plugs lined by primary human keratinocytes (PHKs) were used to model the normal cervical epithelium, and plugs lined by cells of the SiHa line were used as a model of neoplastic cervical tissue. Fluorescence emission spectra of these rafts were recorded at excitation wavelengths in the 250–330 nm range, complementing previous work published at longer wavelengths. Normalised, truncated emission spectra were analysed using multivariate principal component analysis. We successfully distinguished between in vitro models of normal and neoplastic cervical tissue and demonstrated a differential effect of acetic acid, which enhances the discrimination of normal from neoplastic tissue. Identification of these differences between in vitro organotypic epithelial rafts may ultimately aid the discrimination of cervical lesions in vivo. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Reproductive and hormonal factors and risk of lung cancer in women: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Kabat Geoffrey C. , Miller Anthony B. , Rohan Thomas E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSeveral lines of evidence suggest that endocrine factors may play a role in the development of lung cancer, but the evidence is limited and inconsistent. We investigated the association of reproductive and hormonal factors with risk of lung cancer in the National Breast Screening Study, which included 89,835 Canadian women aged 40–59 years at recruitment between 1980 and 1985. Linkages to national cancer and mortality databases provided data on cancer incidence and deaths from all causes, respectively, with follow‐up ending between 1998 and 2000. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for the association between hormonal factors and lung cancer. During a mean of 16.4 years of follow‐up, we observed 750 incident lung cancer cases. After adjustment for covariates, parous women were not at increased risk of lung cancer (HR = 1.18, 95% CI 0.94–1.47) relative to nulliparous women; however, there was a modest increase in risk with increasing parity, reaching a HR of 1.42, 95% CI 1.06–1.88 in women who had 5 or more live births (p for trend 0.02). Among parous women, age at first live birth was inversely associated with risk. Women who had their first live birth at age 30 or older were at reduced risk relative to women who had their first live birth below age 23 (HR 0.68, 95% CI 0.50–0.93, p for trend 0.004). These associations did not differ by age at enrollment (40–49 vs. 50–59 years old), but were somewhat strengthened when attention was restricted to never smokers. Ever use of exogenous hormones showed little association with lung cancer risk; however, long‐term users of hormone replacement therapy were at slightly increased risk. Our results add to the limited existing evidence that certain reproductive and hormonal factors may be associated with lung cancer risk in women. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Second primary malignancies in females with primary fallopian tube cancer
Authors: Riska Annika , Pukkala Eero , Scélo Ghislaine , Mellemkjaer Lene , Hemminki Kari , Weiderpass Elisabete , McBride Mary L. , Pompe‐Kirn Vera , Tracey Elizabeth , Brewster David H. , Kliewer Erich V. , Tonita Jon M. , Kee‐Seng Chia , Jonasson Jon G. , Martos Carmen , Boffetta Paolo , Brennan Paul 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPrimary fallopian tube cancer (PFTC) is a rare disease, and its aetiological factors are poorly understood. Studies on PFTC in the setting of 2nd primary malignant neoplasms can provide clues on aetiology and also define the possible side effects of different treatment modalities for PFTC. A cohort of 2,084 cases with first PFTC was extracted from the data from 13 cancer registries from Europe, Canada, Australia and Singapore and followed for second primary cancers within the period 1943–2000. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) were calculated and Poisson regression analyses were done to find out the RRs related to age at, period of and time since the PFTC diagnosis. There were 118 cancer cases observed after first PFTC (SIR 1.4, 95%CI 1.1–1.6). Elevated SIRs were seen for colorectal cancer (1.7, 95%CI 1.0–2.6), for breast cancer (1.5, 95%CI 1.1–2.2), for bladder cancer (2.8, 95%CI 1.0–6.0), for lung cancer (1.8, 95% CI 0.9–3.2) and for nonlymphoid leukaemia (3.7, 95%CI 1.0–9.4). Significant risk increases were detected for colorectal cancer during the 2nd to 5th year after the first PFTC diagnosis, for breast cancer in follow‐up 10+ and for nonlymphoid leukaemia during the 2nd to 10th year. The clustering of cancers of the lung and bladder in PFTC patients may suggest shared smoking aetiology. The excess of colorectal and breast cancers after PFTC may indicate a genetic aetiology. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Airborne exposures and risk of gastric cancer: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Sjödahl Krister , Jansson Catarina , Bergdahl Ingvar A. , Adami Johanna , Boffetta Paolo , Lagergren Jesper 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThere is an unexplained male predominance among patients with gastric cancer, and many carcinogens are found in male‐dominated dusty occupations. However, the relation between occupational exposures and risk of gastric cancer remains unclear. To investigate whether airborne occupational exposures might influence the risk of noncardia gastric cancer, we used a large, prospective cohort study of male Swedish construction workers. These workers were, during the period 1971–1993, regularly invited to health examinations by a nationwide occupational health service organization. Data on job titles and other variables were collected through self‐administered questionnaires and forms completed by the health organization's staff. Industrial hygienists assessed 12 specific airborne occupational exposures for 200 job titles. Gastric cancer, death or emigration occurring during follow‐up in 1971–2002 were identified by linkage to the Swedish registers of Cancer, Causes of Death and Total Population, respectively. Incidence rate ratios (IRR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI), adjusted for attained age, tobacco smoking, calendar period and body mass, were derived from Cox regression. Among 256,357 cohort members, contributing 5,378,012 person‐years at risk, 948 noncardia gastric cancers were identified. Increased risk of this tumor was found among workers exposed to cement dust (IRR 1.5 [95% CI 1.1–2.1]), quartz dust (IRR 1.3 [95% CI 1.0–1.7]) and diesel exhaust (IRR 1.4 [95% CI 1.1–1.9]). Dose‐response relations were observed for these exposures. No consistent positive associations were found regarding exposure to asbestos, asphalt fumes, concrete dust, epoxy resins, isocyanates, metal fumes, mineral fibers, organic solvents or wood dust. In conclusion, this study provides some support to the hypothesis that specific airborne exposures increase the risk of noncardia gastric cancer. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
MIDGE/hNIS vaccination generates antigen‐associated CD8+IFN‐γ+ T cells and enhances protective antitumor immunity
Authors: Choi Yun , Jeon Yong‐Hyun , Kang Joo‐Hyun , Chung June‐Key , Schmidt Manuel , Kim and Chul‐Woo 
Published: February 2007

AbstractHuman sodium iodide symporter (hNIS) is a transmembrane protein that actively transports iodide ions into thyroid cells. hNIS is over‐expressed in some cases of the thyroid cancers compared with the surrounding normal tissues and has been considered to be an attractive target for immunotherapy. The aim of this study is to determine the feasibility of utilizing the hNIS antigenic protein in enhanced‐antigen‐associated immunotherapy using image analysis with a gamma counter. To accomplish this, minimalistic immunogenically defined gene expression (MIDGE), either plain or coupled to a nuclear localization signal (NLS) peptide, was used as a vector system. Vaccination with MIDGE/hNIS, MIDGE/hNIS‐NLS and pcDNA3.1/hNIS produced a significant increase in the number of hNIS‐associated IFN‐γ‐secreting CD8+ T cells, with MIDGE/hNIS having the strongest effect. In addition, immunization with the hNIS encoding vectors induced antigen‐mediated antitumor activity against NIS‐expressing CT26 tumors in vivo, with the highest tumor free rate (100%) and lowest tumor growth being observed up to 40 days after the CT26/NIS tumor challenge with MIDGE/hNIS than those resulting from other immunization groups. Tumor progression could be followed noninvasively and repetitively by monitoring levels of hNIS gene expression in the tumors using scintigraphic image analysis. Overall, hNIS has a potential use as an antigen for immunization approaches, and vaccination with MIDGE/hNIS vectors is an effective means of generating hNIS‐associated immune responses in mice. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Submicron poly(L‐lactic acid) pillars affect fibroblast adhesion and proliferation
Authors: Milner Keith R. , Siedlecki Christopher A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractControlling cell adhesion and proliferation on synthetic polymers is key to tissue engineering scaffold development. It is accepted that surface topography influences cell response but the mechanisms behind this remain unclear. In this work, cell response is assessed to topographies larger than focal complexes (FXs) but smaller than focal adhesions (FAs). Poly(L‐lactic acid) was patterned with 400‐ and 700‐nm pillars via replication molding. Human fibroblast adhesion and proliferation were assessed. The development of focal contacts and actin microfilaments were evaluated via immunofluorescence. Cell interactions with surface topography were observed via scanning electron microscopy. Initial fibroblast adhesion (<1 day) increased with texture as 400 nm > 700 nm > smooth, but proliferation (>1 day) decreased with texture. Increased FX formation was observed on textured surfaces. However, FAs were narrower on textured surfaces compared with smooth materials and confined to interpillar regions. SEM showed that fibroblasts deformed the 400‐nm pillars. It is hypothesized that surface texture mediated FX formation and increased cell adhesion, possibly via increased material surface area. Texture geometry limited maturation of FXs to FAs, decreasing proliferation. We conclude that surface texture can alter cell adhesion and proliferation and propose geometric constraint as a mechanism for this process. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2007