bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification and determination of triterpenoids in Hieracium pilosella L.
Authors: Gawrońska‐Grzywacz Monika , Krzaczek Tadeusz 
Published: March 2007

AbstractFractions of triterpenoids have been isolated from herb, inflorescences, and rhizomes with roots of Hieracium pilosella by typical extraction with petroleum ether. The fraction from inflorescences was investigated using GC‐MS techniques. The occurrence of α‐ and β‐amyrin, taraxerol, taraxasterol, and fern‐7en‐3β‐ol has been observed. Quantitative analysis was also performed and taraxasterol is distinctly predominant in this triterpenoid fraction. Thin‐layer chromatography on silica gel was performed on all the investigated fractions and additionally revealed the occurrence of lupeol and ψ‐taraxasterol in vestigial quantities. All of the triterpenoid components are reported for the first time in the investigated plant.
Study of the complexation of different methacrylates with cyclodextrins employing a combination of electrophoretic, chromatographic, and NMR‐spectroscopic methods
Authors: Al‐Rimawi Fuad , Pyell Ute 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe present study describes the application of capillary electromigration techniques; CEC and micellar EKC (MEKC), and the application of spectroscopic methods; 1H NMR and 1H NOESY spectroscopy to investigate interactions between CDs (α‐CD, statistically methylated β‐CD, hydroxypropyl‐β‐CD, and 2‐hydroxypropyl‐γ‐CD) and different methacrylates (adamantyl, isobornyl, cyclohexyl, and phenyl methacrylate). It is shown that these methods complement each other. While CD‐mediated MEKC is a rapid screening technique for comparing complex stabilities in aqueous media, 1H NMR chemical shift analysis provides quantitative data for very strong methacrylate‐CD complexes and CD‐mediated CEC provides quantitative data for complexes with lower complex forming constants. CD‐mediated MEKC did not prove to be suitable for the calculation of complex forming constants. Reasons are discussed. 1H NOESY spectra were used to study spatial relationships between host and guest atoms.
Reduction of chloride matrix effect using silver oxide as a precipitating reagent for the determination of trace anions in chloride‐rich samples via ion chromatography
Authors: Houtun Fu , Chuncheng Huang John , Limin Zhao , Fang Chen 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA new method was developed for the determination of trace anions in chloride‐rich samples via ion chromatography by reducing the concentration of chloride ions using silver oxide as a precipitating reagent. In this method the sample pretreatment was started with the addition of silver oxide powder followed by 8 min of stirring and 2 min of centrifugation at a speed of 1500 rpm. The supernatant was diluted with a 1:10 ratio using deionized water and filtered with a 0.22 μm NC filter. All the samples were analyzed in a Dionex ICS‐2500 system with an ED50 electrochemical detector in conductivity mode. On the basis of Dionex IonPac AG18 (50 mm×2 mm) and AS18 (250 mm×2 mm) columns, 25 μL sample filtrate was eluted isocratically with a mobile phase of 32 mmol/L NaOH at a flow rate of 0.25 mL/min and each eluted analyte was detected after postcolumn suppression via a Dionex anion suppressor ULTRA II (2 mm). With this method most of the common anions at mg/kg level in chloride‐rich samples can be accurately quantified. By controlling the equivalent weight ratio of silver oxide to chloride in sample solutions and the time of pretreatment, the free silver and chloride ions in the sample solution are optimized such that most coexisting common anions can be determined simultaneously.
Chemical characteristics of three medicinal plants of the Panax genus determined by HPLC‐ELSD
Authors: Wan Jian‐Bo , Li Shao‐ping , Chen Jun‐Ming , Wang Yi‐Tao 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe morphological appearance and main ingredients of three Chinese medicines (CMs), P. ginseng, P. quinquefolius, and P. notoginseng of the Panax genus, are similar. However, their pharmacological activities are obviously different. To ensure their safety and efficacy, chemical characteristics of the three CMs were determined using pressurized liquid extraction and HPLC‐evaporative light scattering detection. Twelve major saponins, namely notoginsenoside R1, pseudo‐ginsenoside F11, ginsenosides Rg1, Re, Rf, Rb1, Rg2, Rc, Rb2, Rb3, Rd, and Rg3 were also quantitatively compared among the three CMs. The contents of total investigated saponins varied considerably, by up to 4–14‐fold, between the highest (P. notoginseng, 82.8–136.5 mg/g) and the lowest values (P. ginseng, 10.0–21.1 mg/g). Hierarchical clustering analysis based on the characteristics of 11 investigated saponins (except ginsenoside Rb3) and notoginsenoside R1, pseudo‐ginsenoside F11, and the ratio of ginsenoside Rg1/Rb1 and Rg1/Re showed that 56 tested samples were divided into three main clusters in accordance with the three Panax species. Similarity evaluation of chromatograms was also performed using “Similarity Evaluation System for Chromatographic Fingerprint of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Version 2004 A)”. The results showed that a high degree of similarity existed within individual clusters, but a low degree between the clusters, which could be used for quality control of the three CMs.
Development of a validated HPLC method for the determination of four 1,4‐benzodiazepines in human biological fluids
Authors: Samanidou Victoria F. , Pechlivanidou Anastasia P. , Papadoyannis Ioannis N. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA simple and sensitive HPLC method was developed and validated for the determination of four frequently prescribed 1,4‐benzodiazepines: alprazolam (ALP), bromazepam (BRZ), diazepam (DZP), and flunitrazepam (FNZ). Separation was achieved on an Inertsil C8 analytical (250 mm×4 mm, 5 μm) column, after selective extraction of benzodiazepine drugs from biological matrices by means of SPE. Isocratic elution was performed with a mobile phase consisting of CH3COONH4, 0.05 M CH3OH, and CH3CN (33:57:10 by volume). Quantification was performed at 240 nm with mefenamic acid (6 ng/μL) as the internal standard. DSC‐18 Supelco cartridges provided high absolute recoveries (81–115%). The developed method was fully validated in terms of selectivity, linearity, accuracy, precision, stability, and sensitivity. Repeatability (n = 8) and between‐day precision (n = 8) revealed RSD <12%. Recoveries from biological samples ranged from 81.2 to 115%. The detection limit of the method was calculated as 3.3–10.2 ng in blood plasma and 2.6–12.6 ng in urine for 20 μL injection volume. The method was applied to spiked biological matrices. Moreover, the method was applied to real samples of urine after an oral administration.
Simultaneous determination of four tanshinones in salvia miltiorrhiza by pressurized liquid extraction and capillary electrochromatography
Authors: Li Peng , Li Shao‐Ping , Yang Feng‐Qing , Wang Yi‐Tao 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) and CEC were developed for the simultaneous determination of four tanshinones (dihydrotanshinone I, cryptotanshinone, tanshinone I, and tanshinone IIA) in Salvia miltiorrhiza. High extraction efficiency (> 98.5%) was achieved under the optimum PLE conditions. A good separation was obtained by using a Hypersil C18 capillary (3 μm, 100 μm/25 cm) with a mixture of 30 mM Tris‐HCl (pH 8.5)‐ACN (1:3, v/v) as BGE solution running at 20 kV and 20°C within 12 min. All the calibration curves showed good linearity (r2 >0.9958) within test ranges. The developed method showed good repeatability for the quantification of four investigated components in S. miltiorrhiza with intra‐ and interday variations of less than 4.4 and 6.8%, respectively. The validated method was successfully applied to quantify four tanshinones in S. miltiorrhiza, which is helpful to control the quality of S. miltiorrhiza.
Combination of COFRADIC and high temperature – extended column length conventional liquid chromatography: A very efficient way to tackle complex protein samples, such as serum
Authors: Sandra Koen , Verleysen Katleen , Labeur Christine , Vanneste Lies , D'Hondt Filip , Thomas Grégoire , Kas Koen , Gevaert Kris , Vandekerckhove Joël , Sandra Pat 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe previously reported COmbined FRActional DIagonal Chromatography (COFRADIC) methodology, in which a subset of peptides representative for their parent proteins are sorted, is particularly powerful for whole proteome analysis. This peptide‐centric technology is built around diagonal chromatography, where peptide separations are crucial. This paper presents high efficiency peptide separations, in which four 250×2.1 mm, 5 μm Zorbax 300SB‐C18 columns (total length 1 m) were coupled at operating temperatures of 60°C using a dedicated LC oven and conventional LC equipment. The high efficiency separations were combined with the COFRADIC procedure. This extremely powerful combination resulted, for the analysis of serum, in an increase in the uniquely identified peptide sequences by a factor of 2.6, compared to the COFRADIC procedure on a 25 cm column. This is a reflection of the increased peak capacity obtained on the 1 m column, which was calculated to be a factor 2.7 higher than on the 25 cm column. Besides more efficient sorting, less ion suppression was noticed.
Capillary electrophoresis and microchip capillary electrophoresis with electrochemical and electrochemiluminescence detection
Authors: Du Yan , Wang Erkang 
Published: March 2007

AbstractRecent advances and key strategies in capillary electrophoresis and microchip CE with electrochemical detection (ECD) and electrochemiluminescence (ECL) detection are reviewed. This article consists of four main parts: CE–ECD; microchip CE–ECD; CE–ECL; and microchip CE–ECL. It is expected that ECD and ECL will become powerful tools for CE microchip systems and will lead to the creation of truly disposable devices. The focus is on papers published in the last two years (from 2005 to 2006).
Multiphoton excitation fluorescence: A versatile detection method for capillary electrophoresis
Authors: Du Wei , Chen Sheng , Xu Youzhi , Chen Zhe , Luo Qingming , Liu Bi‐Feng 
Published: March 2007

AbstractMultiphoton excitation is a relatively old concept in quantum optics. But using multiphoton excitation fluorescence (MPEF) for bioanalysis is still in its infancy. Recently, MPEF has been introduced into the microseparation field, particularly CE, as a novel detection method. In this paper, MPEF detection for CE is reviewed, including MPEF fundamentals, approaches to achieving MPEF, detector configurations and applications in biological and environmental analyses. Emphasis will be placed on some recent advances of CE‐MPEF in our laboratory. Challenges and future prospects are also discussed.
Enrichment of peptides from plasma for peptidome analysis using multiwalled carbon nanotubes
Authors: Li Xin , Xu Songyun , Pan Chensong , Zhou Houjiang , Jiang Xiaogang , Zhang Yu , Ye Mingliang , Zou Hanfa 
Published: March 2007

AbstractHuman plasma contains a complex matrix of proteolytically derived peptides (plasma peptidome) that may provide a correlate of biological events occurring in the entire organism. Analyzing these peptides from a small amount of serum/plasma is difficult due to the complexity of the sample and the low levels of these peptides. Here, we describe a novel peptidome analysis approach using multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as an alternative adsorbent to capture endogenous peptides from human plasma. Harvested peptides were analyzed by using liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry as a means of detecting and assessing the adsorbed molecules. The improved sensitivity and resolution obtained by using liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry allowed detection of 2521 peptide features (m/z 300–1800 range) in about 50 μL of plasma. 374 unique peptides were identified with high confidence by two‐dimensional liquid chromatography system coupled to a nano‐spray ionization linear ion trap‐mass spectrometer. High recovery of BSA digest peptides enriched with MWCNTs, in both standard buffer and high abundance protein solution, was observed. Comparative studies showed that MWCNTs were superior to C18 and C8 for the capture of the smaller peptides. This approach could hold promise of routine plasma peptidome analysis.
Usefulness of Corticosteroids for the Treatment of Severe and Fulminant Forms of Autoimmune Hepatitis
Authors: Ichai Philippe , Duclos-Vallée Jean-Charles , Guettier Catherine , Hamida Sonia Ben , Antonini Theresa , Delvart Valérie , Saliba Faouzi , Azoulay Daniel , Castaing Denis , Samuel Didier 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Immunosuppressive therapy, and particularly corticosteroids with or without azathioprine, can achieve a remission in more than 80% of patients with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). By contrast, the usefulness of corticosteroid therapy in severe forms of AIH remains a subject of debate. Between 1986 and 2005, 16 patients (14 females, 2 males; mean age: 36.6 ± 13.1 yr) presenting with acute, severe, or fulminant disease due to type 1 AIH (n = 13) or type 2 AIH (n = 3) were admitted to our liver intensive care unit. At admission, 10 of 16 (62.5%) patients presented with encephalopathy. Median international normalized ratio (INR), bilirubin, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and creatinine values were 5.36 (range, 1.7-12.2), 425 μmol/L (range, 278-850), 678 IU/L (range, 60-2867), and 72 μmol/L (range, 52-133), respectively. A total of 12 patients received corticosteroid therapy: 8 had started in the referring center a median of 2.5 days (range, 1-89) previously, and this therapy was initiated in 4 patients at their admission to our unit (median: 2 days; range: 0-5). Four patients were not treated because of a rapid deterioration in their AIH. Before treatment, 4 of 12 patients had been suffering from encephalopathy. The median duration of corticosteroid therapy was 7 days (range: 2-135). Of 16 patients, 13 underwent liver transplantation (LT) (81%), at which time all were encephalopathic. Median values for INR, total bilirubin, and ALT were 7.2 (range: 3.3-15.9), 400 μmol/L (range: 301-550), and 706 IU/L (range: 69-1,932), respectively, at the time of transplantation. All patients treated with corticosteroids had experienced a clinical (encephalopathy) and biochemical (Model for End-Stage Liver Disease [MELD] score) deterioration at the time of transplantation. Histological findings did not reveal any features of underlying chronic liver disease. Of the 13 patients undergoing transplantation, 10 had received prior corticosteroid therapy. Of the 2 nontransplanted patients treated with corticosteroids, a clinical improvement was observed in only 1 patient. Severe septic complications occurred in 3 patients under corticosteroid therapy (gram-negative septicemia n = 2; disseminated aspergillus n = 1). Nine of the treated patients are still alive; 1 died after liver transplantation (LT) (recurrence of AIH, acute pancreatitis, sepsis), 1 survived without LT, and 1 died without LT. Among the untreated patients, 3 survived after LT and 1 died without LT. In conclusion, corticosteroid therapy is of little benefit in severe and fulminant forms of AIH; it may favor septic complications and should not delay LT. Liver Transpl, 2007. © 2007 AASLD.
Glucose control with two different basal insulin delivery regimens during CSII in patients with Type 1 diabetes
Authors: Johansson U‐B , Wredling R. , Lins Pe , Adamson U. , Moberg E. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractIn this pilot study, two programmes for basal insulin substitution with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion were compared in nine Type 1 diabetic patients with respect to early morning fasting blood glucose. The patients were randomly assigned two periods of four weeks with each regimen. The variability of fasting as well as of all blood glucose values was calculated as the standard deviation of the blood glucose. Basal insulin was given either at a constant rate or with 30% of the nocturnal dose being given between 9.00 pm and 2.00 am and 70% between 2.00 am and 7.00 am. The mean fasting blood glucose and the standard deviation of the fasting values were similar (7.8±3.5 vs 7.7±3.7 and 3.1±0.5 vs 3.5±0.7 mmol/l) during the constant as compared to the variable programme. Notably, the mean and standard deviation of all blood glucose values were lower when basal insulin was given at a constant rate overnight (8.9±4.1 vs 9.2±4.2, p<0.05, and 3.8±0.2 vs 4.1±0.5 mmol/l, p<0.05). In this short‐term study on the use of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion with patients with insulin‐dependent diabetes, we were thus unable to register a beneficial effect of a variable nocturnal insulin substitution programme on blood glucose control.
Fixed, flexible and self‐mixing of insulin: Relationship to glycaemic control
Authors: Pizzey M. , Hattersley A.T. , Barnett A.H. , West T. , Williams E.R. , Biggs P. , Scarpello J.H.B. , Miles J.J. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractMost insulin‐treated diabetic patients in the UK are managed on twice daily insulin regimens. Pre‐mixed insulins have gained increasing favour compared with self‐mixed insulins because of convenience, but there has been concern that fixed mixtures lack the flexibility of self‐mixed insulins, resulting in less good diabetes control. There is increasingly a greater range of fixed mixed insulins in varying proportions of soluble and intermediate‐acting insulin, which could allow ease of use but at the same time allow some flexibility by using different mixtures morning and evening.In our multicentre study we compared glycaemic control using flexible mixtures (different mixtures morning and evening — Group 1) versus standard fixed mixtures (Group 2) or self‐mixed insulin (Group 3). Sixty five patients, randomly assigned to one of the three groups, completed the study. During the three month run‐in period when control was improved on existing insulin there was an improvement in HbA1c in all groups, reaching statistical significance in Groups 2 and 3. There was a further just significant improvement (p<0.05) in the self‐mixing group during the nine month study period, with a trend for improvement (not significant) in those who were on fixed mixtures. Several patients in each group, however, had dramatic improvements in HbA1c during the study period. There was no significant change in frequency of hypoglycaemia. We conclude that, although self‐mixing of insulin is associated overall with better glycaemic control than fixed and flexible mixtures, both flexible and fixed mixtures of insulin remain an acceptable method of treatment for many diabetic patients.
Effects of moderate dose (400 IU/day) oral vitamin E supplemention on plasma lipoproteins and lipid peroxidation in IDDM
Authors: Parfitt VJ , Newrick PG , Bolton CH , Hartog M , Corrall RJ 
Published: March 2007

AbstractMany patients with diabetes self‐medicate with moderate doses of vitamin E, believing this will improve their health. We therefore examined the effects of oral supplementation with 400 IU/ day of vitamin E (d‐alphatocopherol), on plasma lipoproteins and lipid peroxidation in 12 patients with insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus, in a randomised, crossover study.There were no differences in any outcome measures between active treatment and placebo and so this study did not demonstrate any effect of moderate dose vitamin E on plasma lipoprotein levels or peroxidation. However, subgroup analysis showed that whilst in five subjects there was only minor vitamin Eenrichment of plasma lipoproteins on active treatment despite good compliance, in seven subjects there was significant enrichment. In the latter, several measures of lipid peroxidation were lower on active treatment [placebo vs active treatment, median (interquartile range), Wilcoxon's signed rank test]: conjugated dienes 19.2 (15.3–26.4) vs 13.1 (7.49–14.3)umol/I, p<0.05; diene conjugation index 0.83(0.67–0.96) vs 0.53 (0.38–0.6) × 10−2, p < 0.05). Thus the effects of moderate dose vitamin E supplements merit further study, particularly as, in large epidemiological studies, their use is associated with a reduced risk of ischaemic heart disease.
Clinical characteristics and follow‐up of subjects with non‐insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus diagnosed by screening
Authors: Davies MJ , Grenfell A , Day JL 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThere is increasing evidence for the need to screen for non‐insulindependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). However, little is known about the clinical characteristics of subjects with NIDDM diagnosed by screening. We present data from 109 subjects with NIDDM diagnosed by such means. The majority (59%) were male, 59% were obese and 25% had a previous history of hypertension. At diagnosis mean fasting glucose concentration was 10.8mmol/l and mean cholesterol concentration was 6.7mmol/l with only 14% of subjects having a cholesterol concentration less than 5.2mmol/l. Forty eight per cent of subjects had a systolic blood pressure greater than 160mmHg and 68% of subjects had a diastolic blood pressure in excess of 90mmHg.Eighty two subjects underwent a review for the presence of complications; 8% had evidence of retinopathy, 15% of neuropathy and 2% of foot ulceration. Twelve weeks after diagnosis there was a significant fall in fasting glucose concentration (p<0.001), systolic blood pressure (p<0.02), and diastolic blood pressure (p<0.009). There was a mean weight loss of 3.0kg (p<0.0001).Screening for NIDDM identifies a group of subjects with significant cardiovascular risk factors and substantial numbers with retinopathy and neuropathy. The latter need regular medical review and hence the earlier they are detected the better. Early follow‐up suggests that simple dietary advice and diabetes education in subjects whose diabetes is identified in such a fashion is very effective both in terms of improved glycaemic control and weight reduction.
Patients' opinions on diabetes care in relation to glycaemic control
Authors: Wredling R. , Adamson U. , Ericsson A. , Larsson Y. , Oestman J. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractPatients' opinions on diabetes care and its relation to glycaemic control were studied as a step towards the implementation in Sweden of the St Vincent Declaration. The aim of the study was to identify key components in the care provided to patients. During one randomly selected week a representative cross‐sectional sample of 186 patients with insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus visiting physicians both at outpatients' clinics of hospital departments of medicine and at primary health care centres was identified. The patients' opinions of the care given were investigated by means of a questionnaire.If patients did not have one and the same physician or had difficulties with access to the members of the care team it was found that they had significantly higher HbA1c values (p < 0.001 and p < 0.01). Patients whose physicians never displayed any interest in their home blood glucose results also had high levels of HbA1c (p < 0.05). A higher HbA1c value was associated with wishes for more frequent contacts with the diabetes nurse (p < 0.05).We conclude that the patients' opinions on the care given are important and should be considered in order to deliver a high‐quality diabetes care.