bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mixing genres and matching people: a study in innovation and team composition in Hollywood
Authors: Perretti Fabrizio , Negro Giacomo 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe study of innovation in cultural industries has addressed primarily the role played by organizational and environmental determinants. Research on teams has shown that innovation also depends on team composition and related team‐level processes. In this study we develop two hypotheses arguing that the introduction of newcomers, and new combinations of both newcomers and old‐timers in teams show positive relationships with innovation. We test our theory in the U.S. feature film industry and consider genre innovation as our measure of innovation. We use data on 6446 motion pictures produced by the Hollywood Majors in the period 1929–1958 for our empirical analysis. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Introduction to paradoxes of creativity: managerial and organizational challenges in the cultural economy
Authors: DeFillippi Robert , Grabher Gernot , Jones Candace 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis special issue explores the paradoxes caused by the challenge of managing and organizing creativity in the cultural economy. Conventional views of the individual creative artist are replaced by a view of creativity as a social process embedded within organizational and institutional contexts. The cultural economy is broadly defined in terms of breadth of industries included and depth elements of the cultural production chain. The paper next examines paradoxical practices of the special issue papers in terms of managing creative personnel and managing creative processes. Paradoxes grounded in difference, distance, globalization and identity provide a framework for reviewing each special issue paper's findings on how cultural industry participants, whether individuals, organizations or communities of participants, balance, and as often integrate, competing demands of creative and routine work. The paper concludes with recommendations for more comparative cultural industry research into the personnel, work and management practices employed for managing and organizing creative work and creative workers. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopic readout on heavy metal ions based on surface self assembly
Authors: Yuan Ya‐Xian , Ling Li , Wang Xi‐Yu , Wang Mei , Gu Ren‐Ao , Yao Jian‐Lin 
Published: June 2007

AbstractA new method is reported for detecting heavy metal ions by using the self assembled monolayer (SAM) technique and surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). The p‐mercaptobenzoic acid (MBA) served as the SERS readout molecule and the modified tag to attach on the smooth gold substrate as well as the tag of nanoparticles by the SAM method. Two carboxyl groups from MBA molecules which were attached respectively to gold substrate and gold nanoparticles were linked through the heavy metal ions (Cu2+, Pb2+ and Zn2+) as bridge, and thus sandwich structure of ‘MBA modified gold substrate/heavy metal ions/MBA modified gold nanoparticles’ was built for detection. The observation of the oxidation peak of metal nanoparticles from cyclic voltammetry (CV) curve, gold nanoparticles from scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images and SERS signal of MBA from the sandwich structure indicated the existence of heavy metal ions. The difference in the wavenumbers of vibrational modes from MBA in the sandwich structure constructed by different could be used to identify different heavy metal ions. The assembled structure was rinsed by strong chelator of EDTA solution to remove the heavy metal ions from the sandwich structure and thus to obtain a fresh gold substrate modified with MBA for the cyclic detection. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assessing the costs of land degradation: a case study for the Puentes catchment, southeast Spain
Authors: Hein Lars 
Published: June 2007

AbstractWhereas many studies point out the economic benefits of controlling land degradation through sustainable land management (SLM) approaches, there is often a lack of local adoption of SLM techniques. Analysis of the local impacts and costs of land degradation is critical for understanding farmers' responses to land degradation. The objective of this paper is to analyse the local costs of land degradation in the Puentes catchment in southeast Spain. This catchment has been identified as particularly vulnerable to erosion, yet farmers show a general lack of interest in applying erosion control techniques. The paper subsequently analyses land degradation processes in the Puentes catchment, the income derived from agriculture and several other ecosystem services, and the local costs of land degradation. Erosion is widespread in the catchment, comprising sheet and rill erosion as well as gulley erosion. Relatively high erosion rates are encountered in cropland. The most important source of local income is irrigated agriculture, with revenues of up to €1350/ha y−1. Dryland agriculture, hunting and herding provide additional income. The costs of erosion on cropland, calculated with a replacement method, vary from around €5/ha y−1 on slopes between five per cent and ten per cent, to around €50/ha y−1 on slopes between 30 per cent and 50 per cent. Except on the steepest slopes, these costs are relatively low for the farmers, which explains the limited application of erosion control techniques in the catchment. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Novel soybean oil products for a healthier nutrition – Recent developments, market introduction and targeted commercialization
Authors: Debruyne Ignace 
Published: June 2007

AbstractIn recent years, several soybean varieties have been developed with healthier or more functional fatty acid lipid profile. The first of its kind was the high oleic soybean oil developed by ‘DuPont’ using biotechnology enhanced breeding technology. With the increased understanding of the biosynthesis pathways leading to specific fatty acid profiles the development of new varieties was speeded up considerably. Currently, several varieties are going into production in the U.S.A. These varieties have an oil composition, which is considerably reduced in linolenic and/or in saturated fatty acid content, or enhanced in saturated fatty acid composition. The valorisation of these novel varieties requires a full channelling or Identity Preservation throughout the production system. Major processors such as ADM, ‘Bunge’, and ‘Cargill’ have developed specific value chains to capture the extra value of these products. Marketing happens in close cooperation with the seed production site, as well as with main users from the food industry complex.
3‐O‐methylfunicone produced by penicillium pinophilum affects cell motility of breast cancer cells, downregulating αvβ5 integrin and inhibiting metalloproteinase‐9 secretion
Authors: Buommino Elisabetta , Boccellino Mariarosaria , De Filippis Anna , Petrazzuolo Marcella , Cozza Valentina , Nicoletti Rosario , Ciavatta Maria Letizia , Quagliuolo Lucio , Tufano Maria Antonietta 
Published: June 2007

AbstractRecent evidence assigns integrins and metalloproteinases (MMPs) an important role in regulating tumor cell progression. Here, we demonstrate that 3‐O‐methylfunicone (OMF), a secondary metabolite produced by Penicillium pinophilum, affects cell proliferation and motility of breast cancer MCF‐7 cells, downregulating αvβ5 integrin, and inhibiting MMP‐9 secretion. This effect was absent when the non‐tumoral MCF‐10 cell line was used. Inhibition of cell motility was also associated to modifications in cell shape and in the distribution of tubulin fibers of OMF‐treated MCF‐7 cells. In addition, a possible effect on survivin and hTERT was also investigated. We found that OMF strongly inhibits survivin and hTERT gene expression. The results of this study indicate that OMF‐induced inhibition of cell motility may be mediated through the modulation of αvβ5 integrin and MMP‐9 secretion. In addition, the inhibition of typical markers of tumor progression such as hTERT and survivin in MCF‐7 and their inactivity towards MCF10 provide strong evidence for a potential use of OMF in anticancer therapy. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Amplitude–shape approximation as an extension of separation of variables
Authors: Parumasur N. , Singh P. , Singh V. S. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractSeparation of variables is a well‐known technique for solving differential equations. However, it is seldom used in practical applications since it is impossible to carry out a separation of variables in most cases. In this paper, we propose the amplitude–shape approximation (ASA) which may be considered as an extension of the separation of variables method for ordinary differential equations. The main idea of the ASA is to write the solution as a product of an amplitude function and a shape function, both depending on time, and may be viewed as an incomplete separation of variables. In fact, it will be seen that such a separation exists naturally when the method of lines is used to solve certain classes of coupled partial differential equations. We derive new conditions which may be used to solve the shape equations directly and present a numerical algorithm for solving the resulting system of ordinary differential equations for the amplitude functions. Alternatively, we propose a numerical method, similar to the well‐established exponential time differencing method, for solving the shape equations. We consider stability conditions for the specific case corresponding to the explicit Euler method. We also consider a generalization of the method for solving systems of coupled partial differential equations. Finally, we consider the simple reaction diffusion equation and a numerical example from chemical kinetics to demonstrate the effectiveness of the method. The ASA results in far superior numerical results when the relative errors are compared to the separation of variables method. Furthermore, the method leads to a reduction in CPU time as compared to using the Rosenbrock semi‐implicit method for solving a stiff system of ordinary differential equations resulting from a method of lines solution of a coupled pair of partial differential equations. The present amplitude–shape method is a simplified version of previous ones due to the use of a linear approximation to the time dependence of the shape function. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
1H, 13C, 15N and 19F NMR study of acetylation products of heterocyclic thiosemicarbazones
Authors: Larina Lyudmila I. , Elokhina Valentina N. , Yaroshenko Tatyana I. , Nakhmanovich Anatolii S. , Dolgushin Gennadii V. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractNovel 2‐acetylamino‐4‐acetyl‐5‐aryl(heteryl)‐1,3,4‐thiadiazolines, 2‐acetylamino‐5‐aryl(heteryl)‐1,3,4‐thiadiazoles, and some of their salts were prepared and studied by multinuclear 1H, 13C, 15N, 19F and 2D NMR spectroscopy. The acetylation of thiosemicarbazones is accompanied by ring closure to form the corresponding 1,3,4‐thiadiazolines and 1,3,4‐thiadiazoles. 15N NMR spectroscopy is a unique method for the identification of thiadiazole pyridinium salts. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Configurational assignment of carbon, silicon and germanium containing propynal oximes by means of 13C1H, 13C13C and 15N1H spin–spin coupling constants
Authors: Chernyshev Kirill A. , Krivdin Leonid B. , Larina Lyudmila I. , Konkova Tatiana V. , Demina Maria M. , Medvedeva Alevtina S. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractConfigurational assignment of five carbon, silicon and germanium containing propynal oximes has been carried out by means of experimental measurements and high‐level ab initio calculations of their 13C1H, 13C13C and 15N1H spin–spin coupling constants. The title compounds were shown to exist in the nonequilibrium mixture of E and Z isomers with the energy difference of less than 0.3 kcal/mol calculated at the MP2/6‐311G** level. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structure elucidation of thermal degradation products of amlodipine
Authors: Lakshmi Devi A. Siva , Srinivasa Rao Y. , Satish M. , Jyothi G. , Babu Rao K. , Omdutt T. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThermal degradation of amlodipine base causes intramolecular reactions affording three cyclic products, referred to as AMLDEG‐I, AMLDEG‐II, and AMLDEG‐III, respectively. AMLDEG‐I is a cyclized product formed by intramolecular elimination of ammonia from amlodipine. AMLDEG‐II is a positional isomer of AMLDEG‐I. AMLDEG‐III is also intramolecular cyclisation product. The three degradation products were isolated by column chromatography and characterized by FT‐IR and 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy data. The AMLDEG‐III was crystallized and its structure was solved by single crystal X‐ray diffraction (SXRD). Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Improved DECRA processing of DOSY data: correcting for non‐uniform field gradients
Authors: Nilsson Mathias , Morris Gareth A. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractMixture analysis using PFG‐NMR (DOSY) data is, for many chemists, a valuable and increasingly popular technique where the NMR signals of different species are separated according to their diffusion coefficients. Where NMR signals overlap, however, it is often difficult to extract the spectra of pure components from experimental data. In such situations, it can often be helpful to use multivariate methods, which exploit all the available signal covariance, to resolve the spectra of the components of a mixture. The best‐established and by some way the quickest such method, DECRA (Direct Exponential Curve Resolution Algorithm), unfortunately requires that data conform to a pure exponential decay as a function of gradient strength squared, while experimental data typically deviate significantly from this. If this deviation is known, the performance of DECRA can be greatly improved for components with similar diffusion coefficients by adjusting the choice of gradient strengths used. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Conformational exchange in pimonidazole—a hypoxia marker
Authors: Gabellieri Cristina , Eykyn Thomas R. , Leach Martin O. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractPimonidazole is one of a series of nitroimidazole compounds that is widely used as a marker for qualitative and quantitative assessment of tumour hypoxia. We have observed a novel dynamic conformational exchange process in this molecule in aqueous solution. By a combination of 1H, 13C, two‐dimensional 1H–1H EXchange SpectroscopY (EXSY) and spectral simulation, we unambiguously attribute the conformational exchange process to flipping of the six‐membered heterocyclic ring. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Force and stiffness of the pelvic floor as function of muscle length: A comparison between women with and without stress urinary incontinence
Authors: Verelst M. , Leivseth G. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractAimsTo compare passive and active mechanical properties in the pelvic floor as a function of tissue length in continent and incontinent parous women.Materials and MethodsTwenty‐four parous continent and 21 parous incontinent women were examined with an intravaginal device. Passive and active force/stiffness were measured by increasing the transverse diameter of the vagina. To allow a more accurate comparison between groups, measured forces were normalized with respect to bodyweight, that is, force/bodyweight.ResultsIn both groups passive and active forces increased as a function of the increase in length of the pelvic floor tissues. No difference was found between the groups according to passive forces (P = 0.646), but active force was significantly higher (P = 0.030) in the continent group when normalized for bodyweight. There was an almost linear increase in normalized passive stiffness in the range tested. No differences were found between the groups (P = 0.855). Normalized active stiffness was significantly reduced in the incontinent group (P = 0.021).ConclusionsThis study indicates that both active force development and active stiffness in the pelvic floor tissues are significantly reduced in incontinent women, whereas the passive resting mechanical forces in the pelvic floor tissues in both groups are not different. Neurourol. Urodynam. 26:852–857, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Myo‐Inositol: a marker of reactive astrogliosis in glial tumors?
Authors: Hattingen Elke , Raab Peter , Franz Kea , Zanella Friedhelm E. , Lanfermann Heinrich , Pilatus Ulrich 
Published: June 2007

AbstractIn a prospective study, two‐dimensional 1H‐MRS with TE of 30 ms was performed before surgery in 56 patients with glial brain tumors. Concentrations of myo‐inositol (MI), trimethylamine (TMA) and creatine/phosphocreatine (tCr) were evaluated for the whole tumor and scaled to the normal‐appearing contralateral brain tissue. To assign changes in MI to specific tissue pathology, the normalized peak and mean concentrations of MI were correlated with TMA and tCr concentrations. TMA is accepted as a marker of proliferating tumor tissue, and tCr might be a marker of reactive astrogliosis. The mean and peak concentrations of MI and tCr correlated positively (r = 0.7), but not the concentrations of MI and TMA. The absolute concentration of MI was significantly increased in all tumor tissues (5.55 ± 2.92 mM; mean ± SD) compared with the normal‐appearing white matter (4.33 ± 1.22 mM, p = 0.005), with the highest concentrations for gliomatoses (n = 10) and grade II oligoastrocytomas (n = 3). Significant differences (P = 0.004) between low‐ and high‐grade astrocytomas were found for TMA (1.67 ± 0.32 mM and 2.65 ± 0.86 mM, respectively), but not for MI (5.92 ± 1.98 mM and 5.49 ± 3.27 mM, respectively). As increased MI and tCr concentrations were found in gliomatosis and other cerebral diseases associated with marked astrogliosis, this process may also be responsible for the observed changes in MI in other glial tumors. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A parameter‐robust numerical method for a system of reaction–diffusion equations in two dimensions
Authors: Kellogg R.B. , Madden Niall , Stynes Martin 
Published: June 2007

AbstractA system of M(≥ 2) coupled singularly perturbed linear reaction–diffusion equations is considered on the unit square. Under certain hypotheses on the coupling, a maximum principle is established for the differential operator. The relationship between compatibility conditions at the corners of the square and the smoothness of the solution on the closed domain is fully described. A decomposition of the solution of the system is constructed. A finite‐difference method for the solution of the system on a Shishkin mesh is presented, and it is proved that the computed solution is second‐order accurate (up to a logarithmic factor). Numerical results are given to support this result and to investigate the effect of weaker compatibility assumptions on the data. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2007
Benzodiazepines and elderly drivers: a comparison of pharmacoepidemiological study designs
Authors: Hebert Caroline , Delaney J. A. C. , Hemmelgarn Brenda , Lévesque Linda E. , Suissa Samy 
Published: June 2007

AbstractPurposeContradictory results were published from two studies in the late 1990s about the effects of long half‐life benzodiazepine use on the risk of motor vehicle crashes (MVCs) in the elderly. The use of different study designs could explain the differences observed in these studies.MethodsThe results of an unmatched case‐control study were compared to those of a case‐crossover study using the same prescription claims database to determine whether the current use of benzodiazepines increased the risk of MVCs.ResultsThere were 5579 cases and 12 911 controls identified between the years 1990 and 1993 in the province of Quebec, Canada. The case‐control approach demonstrated an increased rate of injurious MVC associated with the current use of long‐acting benzodiazepines [odds ratio (OR) 1.45; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.12–1.88]. The case‐crossover approach applied to all cases did not show any association [OR 0.99; 95%CI: 0.83–1.19]. However, among the cases restricted to subjects with four or less prescriptions filled in the previous year, corresponding more to transient exposures, the OR was elevated [OR 1.53; 95%CI: 1.08–2.16].ConclusionsDifferences in study design and analysis may explain some of the discrepancies in previous results. Both study designs provide evidence that long‐acting benzodiazepines appear to be associated with an increased risk of MVC. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sugars‐grafted aliphatic biodegradable poly(L‐lactide‐co‐carbonate)s by click reaction and their specific interaction with lectin molecules
Authors: Lu Changhai , Shi Quan , Chen Xuesi , Lu Tiancheng , Xie Zhigang , Hu Xiuli , Ma Jia , Jing Xiabin 
Published: June 2007

AbstractA novel biodegradable aliphatic poly(L‐lactide‐co‐carbonate) bearing pendant acetylene groups was successfully prepared by ring‐opening copolymerization of L‐lactide (LA) with 5‐methyl‐5‐propargyloxycarbonyl‐1,3‐dioxan‐2‐one (PC) in the presence of benzyl alcohol as initiator with ZnEt2 as catalyst in bulk at 100 °C and subsequently used for grafting 2‐azidoethyl β‐D‐glucopyranoside and 2‐azidoethyl β‐lactoside by the typical “click reaction,” that is Cu(I)‐catalyzed cycloaddition of azide and alkyne. The density of acetylene groups in the copolymer can be tailored by the molar ratio of PC to LA during the copolymerization. The aliphatic copolymers grafted with sugars showed low cytotoxicity to L929 cells, improved hydrophilic properties and specific recognition and binding ability with lectins, that is Concanavalin A (Con A) and Ricinus communis agglutinin (RCA). Therefore, this kind of sugar‐grafted copolymer could be a good candidate in variety of biomedical applications. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 3204 –3217, 2007
Blood compatibility of fluorodiol‐containing polyurethanes
Authors: Lin Y. H. , Chou N. K. , Chang C. H. , Wang S. S. , Chu S. H. , Hsieh K. H. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractA number of fluorodiol‐containing polyurethanes were synthesized from the fluorodiols 1H,1H,12H,12H‐perfluoro‐1,12‐dodecanediol (PFDDOL) and 2,2,3,3,‐tetrafluoro‐1,4‐butanediol (TF) and characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography, and electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA). The effect of the fluorine content on the physical and surface properties of the polymers and on their blood compatibility was investigated. A higher content of fluorine atoms exposed on the surface results in a lower surface energy, a lower relative index of platelet adhesion, and a lower fibrinogen/albumin adsorption ratio (F/A ratio). The polyurethane containing a 50% molar ratio of PFDDOL and TF as the chain extender exhibited the lowest surface energy and superior blood compatibility (RIPA value, 0.06; F/A ratio, 0.672). © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 3231–3242, 2007