bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Altered morphology of hippocampal dentate granule cell presynaptic and postsynaptic terminals following conditional deletion of TrkB
Authors: Danzer Steve C. , Kotloski Robert J. , Walter Cynthia , Hughes Maya , McNamara James O. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractDentate granule cells play a critical role in the function of the entorhinal‐hippocampal circuitry in health and disease. Dentate granule cells are situated to regulate the flow of information into the hippocampus, a structure required for normal learning and memory. Correspondingly, impaired granule cell function leads to memory deficits, and, interestingly, altered granule cell connectivity may contribute to the hyperexcitability of limbic epilepsy. It is important, therefore, to understand the molecular determinants of synaptic connectivity of these neurons. Brain‐derived neurotrophic factor and its receptor TrkB are expressed at high levels in the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus, and are implicated in regulating neuronal development, neuronal plasticity, learning, and the development of epilepsy. Whether and how TrkB regulates granule cell structure, however, is incompletely understood. To begin to elucidate the role of TrkB in regulating granule cell morphology, here we examine conditional TrkB knockout mice crossed to mice expressing green fluorescent protein in subsets of dentate granule cells. In stratum lucidum, where granule cell mossy fiber axons project, the density of giant mossy fiber boutons was unchanged, suggesting similar output to CA3 pyramidal cell targets. However, filopodial extensions of giant boutons, which contact inhibitory interneurons, were increased in number in TrkB knockout mice relative to wildtype controls, predicting enhanced feedforward inhibition of CA3 pyramidal cells. In knockout animals, dentate granule cells possessed fewer primary dendrites and enlarged dendritic spines, indicative of disrupted excitatory synaptic input to the granule cells. Together, these findings demonstrate that TrkB is required for development and/or maintenance of normal synaptic connectivity of the granule cells, thereby implying an important role for TrkB in the function of the granule cells and hippocampal circuitry. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Transient 23–30 Hz oscillations in mouse hippocampus during exploration of novel environments
Authors: Berke Joshua D. , Hetrick Vaughn , Breck Jason , Greene Robert W. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe hippocampus is a key brain structure for the encoding of new experiences and environments. Hippocampal activity shows distinct oscillatory patterns, but the relationships between oscillations and memory are not well understood. Here we describe bursts of hippocampal ∼23–30 Hz (beta2) oscillations in mice exploring novel, but not familiar, environments. In marked contrast to the relatively invariant ∼8 Hz theta rhythm, beta2 power was weak during the very first lap of the novel environment, increased sharply as the mice reencountered their start point, then persisted for only a few minutes. Novelty‐evoked oscillations reflected precise synchronization of individual neurons, and participating pyramidal cells showed a selective enhancement of spatial specificity. Through focal viral manipulations, we found that novelty‐evoked oscillations required functional NMDA receptors in CA3, a subregion critical for fast oscillations in vitro. These findings suggest that beta2 oscillations indicate a hippocampal dynamic state that facilitates the formation of unique contextual representations. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nox1 is over‐expressed in human colon cancers and correlates with activating mutations in K‐Ras
Authors: Laurent Eunice , McCoy James W. , Macina Roberto A. , Liu Wenhui , Cheng Guangjie , Robine Sylvie , Papkoff Jackie , Lambeth J. David 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe NADPH‐oxidase 1 (Nox1) is a homolog of gp91phox, the catalytic subunit of the phagocyte superoxide‐generating NADPH‐oxidase. Nox1 is expressed in normal colon epithelial cells and in colon tumor cell lines, and overexpression in model cells has been implicated in stimulation of mitogenesis and angiogenesis and inhibition of apoptosis. This suggests that aberrant expression of Nox1 could contribute to the development of colorectal cancer. Herein, we examine the expression of Nox1 mRNA in 24 colon tumors of various stages compared with paired adjacent normal tissue from the same patient, and correlate expression with some common mutations associated with colon cancer. Nox1 was overexpressed compared with paired normal tissue in 57% of tumors as early as the adenoma stage, with no correlation of expression level with tumor stage. Overexpression of Nox1 mRNA correlated with Nox1 protein levels assessed by immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry with an antibody specific for Nox1. There was a strong correlation between Nox1 mRNA level and activating mutations in codons 12 and 13 of K‐Ras. Eighty percent (8/10) of tumors with codons 12 and 13 mutations had a 2‐fold or more increase in Nox1 mRNA, and 70% (7/10) had a 5‐fold or greater increase. Transgenic mice expressing K‐RasG12V in the intestinal epithelium also expressed markedly elevated Nox1 in both small and large intestine. There was no correlation between inactivating mutations in the tumor suppressor p53 and Nox1 expression. We conclude that Nox1 mRNA and protein are overexpressed in colon cancer and are strongly correlated with activating mutations in K‐Ras. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression of CD175 (Tn), CD175s (sialosyl‐Tn) and CD176 (Thomsen‐Friedenreich antigen) on malignant human hematopoietic cells
Authors: Cao Yi , Merling Anette , Karsten Uwe , Goletz Steffen , Punzel Michael , Kraft Regine , Butschak Günter , Schwartz‐Albiez Reinhard 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe expression of the histo‐blood group carbohydrate structures T‐nouvelle (Tn, CD175), sialylated Tn (CD175s) and the Thomsen‐Friedenreich disaccharide (TF, CD176) on human leukemia cell lines was analyzed by their reactivity with specific monoclonal antibodies in flow cytometry, immunohistology and immunoprecipitation. Expression of sialylated CD176 was evaluated by comparative immunostaining with anti‐CD176 antibodies before and after sialidase treatment. While only few cell lines expressed unmasked CD176, sialylated CD176 was present on all hematopoietic cell lines and native lymphocytes examined. CD175 and CD175s are preferentially expressed on erythroblastic leukemia cell lines. CD175s expression in these cells is consistent with the transcription of the gene encoding the key enzyme α2,6‐sialyltransferase (hST6GalNAc1). The staining intensity was reduced after methanol pretreatment of cells, indicating that these glycans are partially expressed as constituents of glycosphingolipids. Immunoprecipitation and subsequent Western blotting revealed a series of distinct high molecular glycoproteins as carriers for these carbohydrate antigens. CD34 was identified as major carrier of CD176 by immunoprecipitation and microsequencing on a KG‐1 subline enriched for CD176 expression. Incubation of several CD176‐positive cell lines with anti‐CD176 antibodies induced apoptosis of these cells, an effect not observed with anti‐CD175/CD175s antibodies. Since the presence of naturally occurring anti‐CD176 antibodies may represent a mechanism of immunosurveillance against CD176‐positive tumor cells, we propose that sialylation of surface‐expressed CD176—among other functions—protects against apoptosis. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Identification of novel DNA methylation markers in cervical cancer
Authors: Lai Hung‐Cheng , Lin Ya‐Wen , Huang Tim H.M. , Yan Pearlly , Huang Rui‐Lan , Wang Hui‐Chen , Liu Joseph , Chan Michael W.Y. , Chu Tang‐Yuan , Sun Chien‐An , Chang Cheng‐Chang , Yu Mu‐Hsien 
Published: April 2008

AbstractTesting for DNA methylation has potential in cancer screening. Most previous studies of DNA methylation in cervical cancer used a candidate gene approach. The aim our study was to identify novel genes that are methylated in cervical cancers and to test their potential in clinical applications. We did a differential methylation hybridization using a CpG island (CGI) microarray containing 8640 CGI tags to uncover methylated genes in squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) of the uterine cervix. Pooled DNA from cancer tissues and normal cervical swabs were used for comparison. Methylation‐specific polymerase chain reaction, bisulfite sequencing and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction were used to confirm the methylation status in cell lines, normal cervices (n = 45), low‐grade lesions (n = 45), high‐grade lesions (HSIL; n = 58) and invasive squamous cell carcinomas (SCC; n = 22 from swabs and n = 109 from tissues). Human papillomavirus (HPV) was detected using reverse line blots. We reported 6 genes (SOX1, PAX1, LMX1A, NKX6‐1, WT1 and ONECUT1) more frequently methylated in SCC tissues (81.5, 94.4, 89.9, 80.4, 77.8 and 20.4%, respectively) than in their normal controls (2.2, 0, 6.7, 11.9, 11.1 and 0%, respectively; p < 0.0001). Parallel testing of HPV and PAX1 methylation in cervical swabs confers an improved sensitivity than HPV testing alone (80% vs. 66%) without compromising specificity (63% vs. 64%) for HSIL/SCC. Testing PAX1 methylation marker alone, the specificity for HSIL/SCC is 99%. The analysis of these novel DNA methylations may be a promising approach for the screening of cervical cancers. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hibernation as a far‐reaching program for the modulation of RNA transcription
Authors: Malatesta Manuela , Biggiogera Marco , Baldelli Beatrice , Barabino Silvia M.L. , Martin Terence E. , Zancanaro Carlo 
Published: April 2008

AbstractIn eukaryotic cells, pre‐mRNAs undergo several transformation steps to generate mature mRNAs ready to be exported to the cytoplasm. The molecular and structural apparatus for mRNA production is generally able to promptly respond to variations of metabolic demands. Hibernating mammals, which periodically enter a hypometabolic state, represent an interesting physiological model to investigate the adaptive morpho‐functional modifications of the pre‐mRNA transcriptional and processing machinery under extreme metabolic conditions. In this study, the subnuclear distribution of some transcriptional, splicing, and cleavage factors was investigated by ultrastructural immunocytochemistry in cell nuclei of the liver (a highly metabolizing organ involved in multiple regulatory functions) and the brown adipose tissue (responsible for nonshivering thermogenesis) from euthermic, hibernating, and arousing hazel dormice (Muscardinus avellanarius). Our observations demonstrate that, during hibernation, transcriptional activity significantly decreases and pre‐mRNA processing factors undergo an intranuclear redistribution moving to domains usually devoid of such molecules; moreover, in hepatocytes, there is a preferential accumulation of pre‐mRNAs at the splicing stage, whereas, in brown adipocytes, pre‐mRNAs are mainly stored at the cleavage stage. Upon arousal, the pre‐mRNAs at the cleavage stage are immediately utilized, while the maturation of pre‐mRNAs at the splicing stage seems to be restored before transcription had taken place. Our data suggest a programmed intranuclear reorganization of the RNA maturation machinery aimed at efficiently and rapidly restoring the pre‐mRNA processing, and, consequently, the specific cellular activities upon arousal. Once again natural hibernation appears as a highly programmed hypometabolic state rather than a simple fall of metabolic and physiological functions. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Stability‐indicating assay of sodium cromoglicate in ophthalmic solution using mixed‐mode hydrophilic interaction chromatography
Authors: Ali Mohammed Shahid , Rafiuddin Syed , Al‐Jawi Dalya Abdullah , Al‐Hetari Yasmin , Ghori Mohsin Ul Haq , Khatri Aamer Roshanali 
Published: April 2008

AbstractA hydrophilic interaction chromatographic (HILIC) procedure for the quantification of Sodium Cromoglicate (SCG) in ophthalmic solution is developed. Mobile phase consists of ACN and buffer, 86:14 v/v. Atlantis HILIC–Si column, 25 cm×4.6 mm, is used as stationary phase. Detection is carried out using a variable wavelength UV‐Vis detector at 326 nm. Linearity range and percent recoveries for SCG were 50–400 μg/mL and 100.44%, respectively. The SCG HILIC‐UV assay was validated according to the International Conference on Harmonization guidelines. The method separates two impurities and degradation products resulting from stress environment. Influence of organic solvent, ionic strength and mobile phase pH on the retention of SCG is studied. The paper provides optimization of polar anionic solute (SCG) on unmodified silica by HILIC. Proposed method can be used as a stability‐indicating assay for SGC and can be proved to be beneficial in ESI‐MS for enhanced sensitivity.
Supercritical fluid extraction of amino acids from birch (Betula pendula Roth) leaves and their liquid chromatographic determination with fluorimetric detection
Authors: Klejdus Bořivoj , Lojková Lea , Kula Emanuel , Buchta Ivan , Hrdlička Petr , Kubáň Vlastimil 
Published: April 2008

AbstractA method for supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) of amino acids was adapted and optimal experimental conditions were selected for a matrix consisting of dry leaves. The matrix‐dependent SFE method uses a mixture of MeOH–H2O–acetonitrile (10:10:1 v/v/v) as a modifier (0.5 mL in situ, 300 μL on‐line) at 70°C and 40 MPa and no HCl is needed as an entrainer. The amino acids were quantified using high‐performance liquid chromatography with fluorimetric detection (HPLC/FLD) after gradient elution on Zorbax Eclipse AAA columns (4.6×150 mm, 3.5 μm) with aqueous Na2HPO4 buffer of pH 7.8 and ACN–MeOH–water as a mobile phase. In comparison with Soxhlet extraction, SFE gave higher recovery and selectivity, but it required longer extraction time (90 min) and it was more labor‐intensive (clean‐up step after the pre‐concentration). Both methods should be used separately or in combination according to the matrix, number of samples, and levels of ballast compounds.
On a new form of the ergodic theorem for the unit sphere with application to spectral theory
Authors: Li Liangpan , Tang Lan 
Published: April 2008

AbstractLet 1 ≤ p < ∞ and let T be an ergodic measure‐preserving transformation of the finite measure space (X, μ). The classical Lp ergodic theorem of von Neumann asserts that for any f ϵ Lp (X, μ),
equation image
When X = 𝕊n (the unit sphere in ℝn +1) and μ is the standard area measure of 𝕊n , we establish a new form of the ergodic theorem. That is, we can replace the sequence of finite subsets of O(n + 1) (the orthogonal transformation group of ℝn +1) with a sequence of some fixed finite subsets of O(n + 1) which are independent of any measure‐preserving transformation, such that for any f ϵ Lp (𝕊n , μ),
equation image
As an application, we can completely determine the point spectrum of the Laplace operator in Lp (ℝn ) (1 ≤ p < ∞, n ≥ 1) spaces. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
On the trace problem for Lizorkin–Triebel spaces with mixed norms
Authors: Johnsen Jon , Sickel Winfried 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe subject is traces of Sobolev spaces with mixed Lebesgue norms on Euclidean space. Specifically, restrictions to the hyperplanes given by x1 = 0 and xn = 0 are applied to functions belonging to quasi‐homogeneous, mixed norm Lizorkin–Triebel spaces ; Sobolev spaces are obtained from these as special cases. Spaces admitting traces in the distribution sense are characterised up to the borderline cases; these are also covered in case x1 = 0. For x1 the trace spaces are proved to be mixed‐norm Lizorkin–Triebel spaces with a specific sum exponent; for xn they are similarly defined Besov spaces. The treatment includes continuous right‐inverses and higher order traces. The results rely on a sequence version of Nikol'skij's inequality, Marschall's inequality for pseudodifferential operators (and Fourier multiplier assertions), as well as dyadic ball criteria. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Consumer choices under product option framing: Loss aversion principles or sensitivity to price differentials?
Authors: Biswas Dipayan , Grau Stacy Landreth 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe effects of options framing can be theoretically explained by loss aversion principles as well as by potential alternative explanations (e.g., sensitivity to price differentials). This paper examines the interaction effects between option framing and two types of cognitive constraints (availability of cognitive resources and additional redundant product information) on consumer choices for adding or deleting optional product features. In the process, the research attempts to provide empirical support for one theoretical model (e.g., loss aversion principles) versus the other (e.g., sensitivity to price differentials). The results support the hypotheses that consumers choose a higher number of product options when starting from a fully loaded model than from a base model, and that this effect is magnified when consumers make choices under high cognitive constraints. In essence, the results empirically support the theoretical premise of the effects of option framing being driven by loss aversion principles than by diminished sensitivity to price differentials. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Understanding how technology paradoxes affect customer satisfaction with self‐service technology: The role of performance ambiguity and trust in technology
Authors: Johnson Devon S. , Bardhi Fleura , Dunn Dan T. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThis study examines the role of consumer technology paradoxes within the context of self‐service technology and the routes by which these paradoxes influence customer satisfaction evaluation. Analysis of survey data from online banking customers indicates that three paradoxes operate in this context: control/chaos, fulfill needs/create needs, and freedom/enslavement. The study reveals further that the effects of these paradoxes on customer satisfaction are mediated by consumer performance ambiguity and consumer trust in technology. Theoretical and managerial implications of consumer paradoxical experiences for technology‐based services are discussed. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The hand that has forgotten its cunning—Lessons from musicians' hand dystonia
Authors: Conti Anna M. , Pullman Seth , Frucht Steven J. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractFocal task‐specific dystonia of the musicians' hand (FTSDmh) is an occupational movement disorder that affects instrumental musicians and often derails careers. There has been speculation on the role of intense practice or the specific technical demands of various instruments as triggers for the development of FTSDmh. In this study, we review the clinical features of all published cases (899 patients) and 61 previously unpublished cases of FTSDmh. Our primary goals were to search for patterns in the clinical phenotype, and to discern if specific instrumental technical demands might be related to the development of dystonia. Symptoms of FTSDmh began at a mean age 35.7 years (SD = 10.6), with an overwhelming male predominance (M:F = 4.1:1). The right hand was preferentially affected in keyboard and plucked string players (77%), and the left hand in bowed string players (68%). Flexion movements were the most common dystonic movement in each instrument class, and fingers 3, 4, and 5, either in isolation or combination, were most frequently involved. The clinical implications of these findings and their possible relationship to the pathophysiology of focal task‐specific dystonia are explored. © 2008 Movement Disorder Society
The frequency of cardiac valvular regurgitation in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Yamashiro Kazuo , Komine‐Kobayashi Miki , Hatano Taku , Urabe Takao , Mochizuki Hideki , Hattori Nobutaka , Iwama Yoshitaka , Daida Hiroyuki , Sakai Michi , Nakayama Takeo , Mizuno Yoshikuni 
Published: April 2008

AbstractTo investigate the frequency of cardiac valve regurgitation related with low dose dopamine agonists in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), echocardiograms were analyzed in 527 consecutive PD patients (448 patients treated with dopamine agonists, 79 patients never treated with dopamine agonists as age‐matched controls). The frequency of mild or above mild regurgitation of the aortic valve (AR) was significantly higher in the cabergoline group (13.7%, P < 0.05) compared with the controls (2.5%). Odds ratio adjusted by age and sex for AR was significantly higher in the cabergoline group (OR, 6.45; 95% CI, 1.46–28.60; P = 0.01): odds ratio was significantly higher in patients treated with higher daily doses (OR, 14.41; 95% CI, 3.08–67.38; P = 0.0007) and higher cumulative doses (OR, 15.29; 95% CI, 3.19–73.18; P = 0.0006). No statistical difference was identified in the frequency of the tricuspid and mitral regurgitation. None of the other dopamine agonist groups including pergolide gave higher frequency or higher odds ratio compared with the controls. None of our patients showed severe regurgitation or was operated for valvular heart disease. The question as to whether or not longer duration of low dose dopamine agonist treatment would yield the same results needs further studies. © 2008 Movement Disorder Society
Fetal genital anomalies: an aid to diagnosis
Authors: Pajkrt Eva , Petersen Olav B. , Chitty Lyn S. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjectiveTo report our experience with the prenatal diagnosis of fetal genital anomalies and suggest a protocol for management.MethodsA retrospective review of all the cases with fetal genital anomalies or phenotype and genotype discrepancy identified by prenatal ultrasound.ResultsTwenty cases with abnormal fetal genitalia and four with a phenotype and genotype discrepancy were diagnosed prenatally. Genital anomalies were rarely found in isolation, most were found in combination with renal or multiple structural anomalies. The etiology of abnormal genitalia was broad and included metabolic, chromosomal and genetic syndromes.ConclusionPrenatal detection of genital anomalies should stimulate a detailed ultrasound examination and determination of genotypic sex. Measurement of 17‐OHP and Δ4‐androstenedione or metabolites of the cholesterol pathway in the amniotic fluid and/or maternal urine may be helpful in making a definitive diagnosis. Identification of genital anomalies in fetuses with renal or multiple abnormalities can aid prenatal diagnosis, thereby facilitating accurate counseling of parents who are then in a better position to make informed choices. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of multiple loci can increase reliability of detection of fetal Y‐chromosome DNA in maternal plasma
Authors: Wagner Jasenka , Džijan Snježana , Pavan‐Jukić Doroteja , Wagner Jadranka , Lauc Gordan 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjectiveAiming to develop more reliable methods for determination of fetal gender from maternal plasma we compared three different systems of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection of Y‐chromosome DNA.MethodsCell‐free DNA was isolated from 96 samples of maternal plasma and (1) amplified using AmpFLSTR‐Identifiler (15 autosomal STR loci and amelogenin) or AmpFLSTR‐Yfiler (16 Y‐chromosome STR loci) kits and subsequently analyzed on ABI‐PRISM 310 Genetic Analyzer, or (2) analyzed using Quantifiler‐Y DNA‐Quantification kit. Gender of fetuses was confirmed by cytogenetic analysis or phenotypically at birth.Results and ConclusionsAmpFLSTR‐Identifiler and Quantifiler‐Y Human‐Quantification kits were rather reliable in determining fetal gender (92.5 and 98.1%, respectively), but false negatives were still present in both systems. AmpFLSTR‐Yfiler was found to be fully reliable as it amplified Y‐chromosome in all cases of male fetuses, and was thus 100% correct in determining fetal gender. In addition, it enabled comparison of polymorphic Y‐chromosome loci between father and a child, thus further supporting specificity of obtained results. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.