bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
VANILLINSÄURE ALS ENDPRODUKT DES ABBAUES VON ADRENALIN UND NORADRENALIN
Authors: Dirscherl Wilhelm , Thomas Helmut , Schriefers Herbert 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
In rat livers perfused with 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-mandelic acid, formerly believed to be the endproduct of the metabolism of adrenaline and noradrenaline, three metabolites were detected by paper chromatography. After further purification by column chromatography, one of these substances was identified by melting point, shape of crystals, UV- and IR-spectra as vanillic acid.
Perfusion with vanillic acid yielded only one metabolite in very small quantities. Because of its properties it is assumed to be a conjugate of vanillic acid. Hence vanillic acid, isolated in 1959 from human urine by Dirscherl & Schmidtmann, is the actual endproduct of the metabolism of adrenaline and noradrenaline.
A STUDY OF THE RAT UTERINE β-GLUCURONIDASE PRIOR TO THE IMPLANTATION OF THE OVUM
Authors: Prahlad K. V. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
In a study of the rat uterine β-glucuronidase during the first seven days of pregnancy, it was found that there was a marked rise in the enzyme level on the 4th day. The implications of this increase in enzyme concentration with regard to the implantation of the ovum are discussed.
DER EINFLUSS VON RESERPIN AUF DIE ANTITHYREOIDALE WIRKUNG VON KALIUMPERCHLORAT
Authors: Krüskemper H. L. , Kessler F. J. , Steinkrüger E. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
1. Reserpine does not inhibit the tissue respiration of liver in normal male rats (in vitro). 2. The decrease of tissue respiration of the liver with simultaneous morphological stimulation of the thyroid gland after long administration of reserpine is due to a minute inhibition of the hormone synthesis in the thyroid gland. 3. The morphological alterations of the thyroid in experimental hypothyroidism due to perchlorate can not be prevented with reserpine.
THIN-NEEDLE BIOPSY OF THE THYROID GLAND IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF THYROTOXICOSIS
Authors: Myren J. , Sivertssen E. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Thin-needle biopsy was carried out in 19 patients with toxic and in 17 patients with non-toxic goitres. The diametres of the cell nuclei of 100 thyroidal epithelial cells in each smear were measured with an ocular micrometer. The nuclear diameter was graded in three groups according to size, i.e. less than 9 microns, 9 to 10.4 microns and more than 10.4 microns.
In 16 out of 19 patients with toxic goitres, the large cell nuclei represented more than 30 per cent and the small cell nuclei less than 30 per cent of the total number of cell nuclei. On the other hand, in 15 out of 17 patients with non-toxic goitres, the small nuclei represented more than 30 per cent and the large nuclei less than 30 per cent of the total number. There was no difference between diffuse and nodular goitres in the toxic and non-toxic groups.
Paravacuolar granulation in the cytoplasm was found in one-third of the cases with toxic goitres and in one case with non-toxic goitre. As previously observed (Söderström 1958), foamy phagocytes and giant cells usually indicate nodular goitres. The finding of coarse granules and different degrees of vacuolization in the cytoplasm of the thyroid cells seems to be of little value in diagnosis.
ALTERATIONS IN ACID MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDE AND COLLAGEN OF RABBIT AORTA RELATED TO AGE OF EPINEPHRINE-THYROXINE INDUCED ARTERIOSCLEROTIC LESIONS
Authors: Lorenzen lb 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Male albino rabbits were injected with epinephrine plus 1-thyroxine for 12 days and then sacrificed in 5 groups: 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after cessation of the injections. An increase in hexosamine/hydroxyproline-ratio, uronic acid/hydroxyproline-ratio and uptake of 35S-sulphate in acid mucopolysaccharides in group I 3 days after cessation of the injections was observed in contrast to a decrease in groups II to V reaching the level of untreated controls 28 days after cessation of the injections. On comparison between determinations on crude tissue and on isolated acid mucopolysaccharide, it was found, that the alterations in total hexosamine content and uptake of 35S-sulphate measured on crude tissue reflected alterations in the acid mucopolysaccharide fraction of the aortic wall. The changes were similar to those observed in granulation tissue and confirmed the previous interpretation of the epinephrine-thyroxine induced alterations as repair processes elicited by injury to the aortic wall. The gross arteriosclerotic lesions in aortae showed no changes from group I to V. The age of the lesions, rather than the gross lesions as such determined the degree of change in acid mucopolysaccharide and collagen of the arterial wall.
THE EFFECT OF BUTYL-4-HYDROXY-3:5-DIIODOBENZOATE ON THE AVAILABILITY OF THYROID HORMONES TO PERIPHERAL TISSUES IN ISOTOPICALLY EQUILIBRATED RATS
Authors: del Rey F. Escobar , de Escobar G. Morreale 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The effect of BHDB is determined on: a) the rate and mode of disappearance of [131I] l-thyroxine in thyroidectomized, l-thyroxine maintained rats, and b) the concentration of iodine-containing compounds in the body and excreta of thyroidectomized rats, isotopically equilibrated with l-thyroxine or l-triiodothyronine. Labelled thyroxine is rapidly excreted into the intestines and faeces of BHDB-treated rats and this alteration precedes a much less marked decrease of the urinary radioiodide. In isotopically equilibrated rats it is shown that during the first few days of BHDB administration there is a decrease of the urinary iodide, which later reverts to normal or, in the case of triiodothyronine maintained rats, increases well above normal values. The alterations of urinary iodide excretion are more than accounted for by opposite changes in the faecal excretion of iodinated compounds. BHDB results in a depletion of the hormonal pool in the peripheral tissues of thyroxine-maintained rats, but this is not so in the case of triiodothyronine-maintained animals. It is concluded that there is more evidence in favour of the interpretation that BHDB alters the availability of the thyroid hormone to peripheral tissues than in favour of an inhibition of peripheral deiodinating systems. It is suggested that the marked loss of thyroxine from the body of BHDB-treated rats might be the underlying cause of its »antithyroxine« action.
VERGLEICHENDE UNTERSUCHUNGEN ÜBER DIE AROMATISIERUNG NEUTRALER STEROIDE BEIM MENSCHEN
Authors: Breuer H. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The urinary excretion of oestrogens has been studied 2 days before and 4 days after a single injection of the following neutral steroids (number of subjects in brackets): testosterone (2), 19-nor-testosterone (2), androsta1,4-diene-3,17-dione (3), testosterone propionate (2), 19-nor-testosterone phenylpropionate (3) and 19-nor-testosterone decanoate (2). In all cases an increase in the excretion of oestrogens, as determined by the method of Brown et al. (1957), was observed.
Calculated on the basis of the injected amount of neutral steroid, the increased oestrogen excretion varied between 0.02 and 0.07% of the administered steroid. The esters of the neutral steroids gave rise to approximately the same increase in urinary oestrogens as the free steroids.
The following phenolic steroids were isolated by microsublimation from urine: 17β-oestradiol after injection of testosterone and androsta-1,4-diene-3,17-dione, oestrone after injection of 19-nor-testosterone and oestriol after injection of 19-nor-testosterone phenylpropionate.
THE EFFECT OF ALLOXAN ON THE ADRENAL CORTICAL SECRETION
Authors: Saba G. C. , Hoet J. J. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The present study demonstrates that a diabetogenic dose of alloxan produces a rapid and transient increase in the peripheral plasma corticosterone levels. This is attributed to the adrenal response to the stress situation provoked by alloxan. Pre-treatment of the animals with fluorocortisol prevents this adrenal response and the occurrence of alloxan induced hyperglycaemia. The role played by the response of the adrenal cortex on the onset and the maintenance of alloxan diabetes is discussed.
INDICATIONS OF SYNERGISM OF SODIUM DEXTRO-THYROXINE AND METHYLTESTOSTERONE IN CHICKS
Authors: Lew Margin , Lepp Albert , Starr Paul 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The results of feeding sodium dextro-thyroxine to white leghorn cockerels and pullets indicate:
A lowering of serum cholesterol significantly in birds fed a cholesterol enriched diet. Interference with endogenous androgen metabolism if excessive amounts are given. Possible synergism with endogenous androgen is suggested by one series. Enhancement of the activity of exogenous testosterone in stimulating secondary sex characteristics of pullets is shown in series E., F., and G.
FORMATION OF OESTRONF. GLUCOSIDURONATE BY THE HUMAN INTESTINAL TRACT
Authors: Diczfalusy E. , Franksson C. , Lisboa B. P. , Marlinsen B. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
At an abdominal operation 20 mg of 17β-oestradiol was injected into an isolated intestinal loop with the arterial blood supply preserved. Huge amounts of conjugated oestrone were found in extracts of the intestinal wall and of the effluent venous blood, respectively. The conjugated oestrone was identified as oestrone glucosiduronate. Very little if any oestrone sulphate was found. Preliminary evidence suggesting the intestinal formation of 17β-oestradiol-3-glucosiduronate (or 3,17-diglucosiduronate) was also obtained.
THE THIRD INTERNATIONAL STANDARD FOR CORTICOTROPHIN AND AN INTERNATIONAL WORKING STANDARD FOR CORTICOTROPHIN
Authors: _ _ 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A short note concerning the establishment of the Third International Standard for Corticotrophin is presented. The note draws attention to some changes that will come into effect in the labelling of preparations of corticotrophin in some countries as a result of the introduction of this new standard.
HYPERTENSIVE FORM OF CONGENITAL ADRENOCORTICAL HYPERPLASIA
Authors: Bergman Per , Sjögren Björn , Håkansson Brilt 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A case of the hypertensive type of congenital adrenocortical hyperplasia (Eberlein-Bongiovanni's syndrome) is described. The patient was followed up for 12 years. The urinary steroid pattern was characterized by the presence of tetrahydro-11-deoxycortisol and tetrahydro-11-deoxycorticosterone. The urinary excretion of pregnanetriol was only moderately increased.
Adequate cortisone treatment was started 11 years after hypertension was demonstrated. Treatment had no effect on the blood pressure but the excretion of steroids became normal.
The patient was 14 years old when first seen by the authors. She then showed virilism. Menstruation occurred for the first time after 10 days of cortisone treatment. Laparotomy revealed polycystic ovarian changes of the type seen in Stein-Leventhal's syndrome. Wedge resection of the ovaries was followed by normal menstruations without any cortisone treatment.
The relationship between abnormal secretion of steroids by the ovaries or the adrenal cortex and polycystic changes of the ovaries is discussed.
VARIATIONS IN PLASMA CORTISOL DURING PREGNANCY, DELIVERY, AND THE PUERPERIUM
Authors: Bro-Rasmussen Frede , Buus Ole , Lundwall F. , Trolle Dyre 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
By means of a double isotope derivative technique, specific determination of cortisol is obtainable. The present study revealed that the previously demonstrated curve of the 17-hydroxycorticosteroid increase in pregnancy is due to cortisol. It was demonstrated, moreover, that following intrauterine death the maternal cortisol values are low (6 patients). A theory is advanced to explain these results.
THYROID AND ADRENAL CHANGES IN RATS BEARING AN EXPERIMENTALLY INDUCED FIBROSARCOMA AND THEIR INFLUENCES UPON THE GROWTH OF THE TUMOUR
Authors: Claus J. L. , Trunnell J. B. , Llaurado J. G. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Rats bearing an experimentally induced fibrosarcoma exhibited a considerable increase in adrenal weight, a marked thymic involution, but no increase in plasma corticosterone levels. They also exhibited a decrease in the weight of, and in 131I uptake by, the thyroid; the thyroid of tumourous rats was shown to have a marked inability to convert exogenous iodine into its organic hormonal forms. The growth of the tumour was increased by the administration of thyroid or adrenocortical hormones and decreased by removal of thyroid or adrenal secretions.
It is concluded that the behaviour of this non-endocrine fibrosarcoma is modified by thyroidal or adrenocortical influences, and reciprocally. The present results are discussed in the light of experimental and clinical data existent in the literature.
THE EFFECT OF SERUM GONADOTROPHIC HORMONE ON THE RESERPINE-BLOCKED GENITAL FUNCTION OF MALE RATS
Authors: Mäkinen Eero , Lahtinen Kalevi , Näätänen Esko 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The purpose of the present work was to establish the effect of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) on the gonads of the male rat after blocking normal genital function with reserpine. Serum gonadotrophic hormone, which resembles FSH in its effect, was given to male rats for 16 days (40 IU every other day). The genital function of some of the animals was blocked with reserpine (0.05 mg per day). The effect of the treatment was as follows:
The serum gonadotrophic hormone inhibited weight loss in the testes and histologically demonstrable atrophy in test animals treated with reserpine. This suggests a possible inhibition of hypophyseal FSH secretion by reserpine.
The weight of the seminal vesicle was considerably increased in the abovementioned test animals. The following alternative explanations were offered: a) The secretion of androgenic hormones was increased since the size of the seminal vesicle reflects the hormone content of the organism. b) Retention of secretion in the gland was increased by reserpine. c) Synergism of these two factors.
ADDISON'S DISEASE AND PREGNANCY
Authors: Osler Mogens 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Five cases of Addison's disease and pregnancy are reported. The author also collected data from the literature on the infants of Addisonian mothers. Comparison with control series revealed that on an average infants born to Addisonian mothers weigh 500 g less and are born 13 days later than corresponding control infants. The low birth weight and the long gestation period are presumably due to the low blood sugar level in Addisonian patients. The course and management of pregnancy in Addison's disease are described, and the following guidance for treatment is suggested.
Cortisone therapy is most important, usually in daily doses of 25–50 mg, possibly supplemented by DCA and NaCl. Frequent control of body weight, electrolytes, blood pressure, E. C. G., and blood sugar during pregnancy. Therapeutic abortion is not indicated as a general rule. Delivery should not be induced before term. Spontaneous labour may be awaited for some time past term. In principle, the delivery may take place per vias naturales. The dose of cortisone should be increased, during the days before and after delivery, to about 200 mg daily. During and after delivery intravenous administration of cortisol or blood transfusion may be required. The dose of cortisone may be levelled off to normal within the first week post partum. Hormone therapy of the newborn infant is not indicated.
PREGNANCY IN A PATIENT WITH ADDISON'S DISEASE AND DIABETES MELLITUS
Authors: Osler Mogens , Pedersen Jørgen 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Pregnancy in a patient with co-existing diabetes mellitus and Addison's disease is described and discussed in relation to 2 previous cases. Although this is a small series, it does indicate that the infants (as in diabetes mellitus) grow very large and have a high perinatal mortality. Complications during pregnancy and delivery are common. The management should consist of full compensation of the metabolic derangement by cortisone and insulin and early admission to hospital with very careful control. Delivery should take place approximately 3 weeks before term, and Caesarean section should be performed on very wide indications.
DIE JODFRAKTIONEN UND JODVERBINDUNGEN DER GESUNDEN MENSCHLICHEN SCHILDDRÜSE
Authors: Klein Erich , Reinwein Dankwart 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
After labelling in vivo, 14 normal and, as pilot experiments, 4 pathological human thyroids were studied for chemical iodine fractions (PBI, BEI and inorganic iodide) and for the individual iodinated compounds by means of paper and column chromatography. The best results of enzymatic hydrolysis were obtained by the combination of trypsin and pancreatin, which split off 80–95% of the iodine proteins. 16% of the thyroid iodine was found to be present in soluble form, 84% in the thyroglobulin complex and other proteins. Both fractions contained iodide, monoiodotyrosine, diiodotyrosine, 3,5,3′-triiodothyronine, thyroxine and an unidentified iodine compound of thyronine character, comprising 8.3–12.4%. It could be isolated only by column chromatography, migrated on paper in 2 systems with a Rf of 0.8 together with triiodothyronine and would most probably correspond to 3,3′-diiodothyronine or 3,3′,5′-triiodothyronine. The protein bound fraction of thyroid iodine contained more iodotyrosines than the soluble fraction.
AN EXTRA-ADRENAL DIABETOGENIC RESPONSE TO CORTICOTROPHIN IN THE RAT
Authors: Marshall Norman B. , Richardson F. Lee , Engel Frank L. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Sham-operated and adrenalectomized rats primed by tube-feeding a high carbohydrate diet and the daily administration of 5 mg of cortisone acetate were challenged at intervals with corticotrophin (ACTH) or growth hormone and suitable inert proteins as controls. Blood glucose levels, measured 1, 2, 3 and 4 hours after the ACTH, which was administered 3½ hours after the morning meal, showed a marked hyperglycaemic response in both intact and adrenalectomized rats tested up to the fifty-fifth day of forced-feeding and cortisone treatment. Oxidation of ACTH with H2O2 abolished the hyperglycaemic response, whereas reduction with cysteine restored activity. Growth hormone did not elicit hyperglycaemia in these experiments, in keeping with previous experience showing that several days of growth hormone treatment are required to elicit hyperglycaemia. Sham-operated and adrenalectomized rats receiving deoxycorticosterone responded to ACTH with hypoglycaemia, confirming earlier results. The conditions necessary to elicit the hyper- and hypoglycaemic extra-adrenal effects of ACTH are contrasted and discussed.
FURTHER STUDIES ON THE ENDOCRINOLOGY OF A DODECAHYDRO-PHENANTHRENE DERIVATIVE
Authors: Boris Alfred 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Previous workers have shown that 2-acetyl-7-oxo-1,2,3,4,4a,4b,5,6,7,9,10, 10a-dodecahydro-phenanthrene has antiandrogenic, androgenic, and antigonadotrophic properties. The data presented in this report indicate that:
this phenanthrene derivative does not antagonize the antigonadotrophic activity of testosterone propionate, the compound manifests significant antiandrogenic activity against the effects of increased endogenous androgen resulting from the administration of chorionic gonadotrophin, and the preparation does not inhibit the androgenicity of norethandrolone or norandrostenolone phenylpropionate.
HYPOTHALAMIC SEXUAL PRECOCITY IN FEMALE RATS OPERATED SHORTLY AFTER BIRTH
Authors: Horowitz S. , Van der Werff ten Bosch J. J. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Electrolytic lesions were placed in the anterior hypothalamus of 3–4 day-old female rats; vaginal opening was hastened in comparison with blank-operated littermates in 12 of 17 rats bearing a lesion in the basal supra-and post-chiasmatic area. In the animals with the earliest vaginal opening, lesions reached upward towards the region of the anterior commissure and the paraventricular nuclei. The degree of advancement of puberty in rats operated at the age of 3 or 4 days was similar to that caused by lesions made at 10, 14 or 15 days. This finding suggests that the effect of a lesion upon gonadotrophin secretion does not begin to take place until after the age of at least two weeks.
ON THE TENSILE STRENGTH OF HEALING CUTANEOUS WOUNDS IN PREGNANT RATS
Authors: Kullander S. , Olsson A. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Experimental skin wounds made in the backs of rats were studied for their tensile strength.
Wounds made at the beginning and middle of pregnancy showed a higher tensile strength than in non-pregnant control animals. Wounds made towards the end of pregnancy showed the same tensile strength as wounds made in the control animals, while those made on the first day of the puerperium again showed a higher tensile strength.
There was no suggestion that the healing of skin wounds is impaired during pregnancy.
EFFECTS OF DEXAMETHASONE, PREDNISOLONE AND CORTISOL ON THE MAST CELLS AND TISSUE EOSINOPHILS IN RAT GASTRIC MUCOSA
Authors: Räsänen Toimi 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Intact rats were injected intramuscularly at 8-hourly intervals with equal amounts, 6×1.0 mg, of dexamethasone (16α-methyl-9α-fluoro-prednisolone) as phosphate, prednisolone (11β,17,21-trihydroxy-pregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione) and cortisol (11β,17,21-trihydroxy-pregn-4-ene-3,20-dione) both as succinates, all three in water soluble form. The rats were decapitated 4 hours after the last injection and the mucosal mast cells and tissue eosinophilic cells in the body mucosa of the glandular stomach counted. Calculation of the mast cell degranulation and the destruction of tissue eosinophils during the experiment gave the following degranulation coefficients for the degranulation of gastric mucosal mast cells: 0.541 for dexamethasone, 0.177 for prednisolone and 0.088 for cortisol. The corresponding destruction coefficients for the loss of tissue eosinophilia were 0.858, 0.156 and 0.124.
It is suggested that the degranulation and destruction coefficients obtained in the investigation are correlated with the catabolic biological activity of the glucocorticoids.
THYROID FUNCTION AND BASAL METABOLIC RATE FOLLOWING HYPOPHYSECTOMY IN MAN
Authors: Falkheden Thomas , Norin Torsten , Sjögren Björn , Skanse Bengt 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Thyroid function was studied before and after hypophysectomy in 30 patients (13 cases of metastatic mammary carcinoma, 12 cases of diabetes mellitus with retinopathy, and five cases of acromegaly). Attention was particularly focused on the relation of the changes produced in the basal metabolic rate (BMR) to the development of thyroid insufficiency. After hypophysectomy, hypothyroidism developed in all but six patients as judged from the postoperative levels of serum protein-bound iodine. However, a decrease in the BMR was observed postoperatively in all subjects.
The effect of thyroid administration on the BMR was studied in 14 of the hypophysectomized patients. Thyroid therapy increased the BMR only moderately in most cases while restoration of the values to the preoperative level only occurred in one patient.
It thus appears that the decreased BMR after hypophysectomy is not only dependent on thyroid insufficiency.
The clinical manifestations of post-hypophysectomy hypothyroidism, were on the whole only slight and comprised mainly intolerance to cold and dryness of the skin. Myxoedema did not develop during an observation period up to 47 months after operation.
FLUORIMETRIC DETERMINATION OF OESTROGENIC STEROIDS USING ITTRICH'S EXTRACTION METHOD
Authors: Støa K. F. , Thorsen T. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Ittrich's p-nitrophenol method for oestrogen determination has been examined using a spectrofluorimetric technique. It is concluded that the degree of specificity is considerably higher in spectrofluorimetry than when spectrophotometry is used. Determinations of oestriol in urinary extracts prepared by a comparatively simple fractionating technique have been carried out with satisfactory specificity and precision. By this method amounts of steroid as small as 0.02 μg per 20 ml urine can be estimated.