bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Candida‐associated denture stoma titis. Aetiology and management: A review. Part 2. Oral diseases caused by candida species
Authors: Webb B. C. , Thomas C. J. , Willcox M. D. P. , Harty D. W. S. , Knox K. W. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractCertain systemic conditions and/or defects in the immune system may predispose the host to oral candidal infection and the commonest form of oral candidosis is candida‐associated denture stomatitis. Until recently there has been controversy concerning the aetiology of the disease. Although some earlier investigators linked denture stomatitis with trauma or bacterial infection, others had isolated Candida albicans from the mouths of patients with the condition. Current studies indicate that denture stomatitis lesions are associated with the detection of candida species while other factors such as denture hygiene, trauma, systemic diseases and deficiencies of the immune system may be involved.
Trigeminal neuraligia. A retrospective survey of a sample of patients in singapore and Malaysia
Authors: Loh H. S. , Ling S. Y. , Shanmuhasuntharam P. , Zain R. , Yeo J. F. , Khoo S. P. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThis survey was undertaken to study the clinical features of trigeminal neuralgia in an Asian population. Demographic data of 44 patients treated at the Dental Faculty of the National University of Singapore and at the University of Malaya were reviewed. The results of the survey were analysed and comparisons made with those of Caucasian patients as reported in other studies where there was a general similarity in the clinical findings. Trigeminal neuralgia presented predominantly in females. Right‐sided involvement occurred at a greater frequency, and the peak age at onset was between the sixth and seventh decades of life. The only significant variant in them present sample was the greater involvement of the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve rather than the maxillary division. In addition, there was a much greater representation from Chinese patients over Malays as compared with their ratios in general population.
A survey of oral health in a population of adults with developmental disabilities: Comparison with a national oral health survey of the general population
Authors: Scott Antonia , March Lyn , Stokes Marie‐Louise 
Published: March 2008

AbstractDuring 1991, an oral health assessment of 101 adults with developmental disabilities aged from 21 to 53 years undertaken as part of a broader health survey which also included medical, psychological and nutritional assessments. The study group consisted of a random sample of adults chosen form the developmentally disabled population known to be living in the lower North Shore area of Sydney. This paper describes the results of the oral health assessment and compress them with an oral health survey of the Australian population done in 1987/88. Forty‐six per cent of the study group were males (mean age 33.5 years) and 54 per cent were females (mean age 33.0 years). Compared with similar age subgroups in the Australian population, the following factors were more frequently reported in the developmentally disabled group: a dental visit in the last 12 months (65 per cent vs 50) per cent; Odds Ratio (OR) 1.9:95) per cent; Confidence Internal (CI); 1.3‐2.8); use of public rather than private dental services (42 per cent vs 6 per cent; OR 11.3:95% CI7.5–16.9); oral mucosal pathology requiring treatment (15 percent vs 2 per cent; OR 8.5:95% CI 5.2–13.8); Severe periodontal disease (16 per cent vs 3 per cent; OR 6.9:95% CI 4.2–11.4); and moderate to severe malocclusion (26 percent vs 11 per cent; OR 2.1:95% CI 1.3‐3.5). Fifty‐eight per cent of subjects felt they needed no dental treatment but on examination of the oral mucosa, periodontal tissues and teeth, over 90 per cent were found to require some sort of dental treatment.
Genetic aspects of dental disorders
Authors: Townsend Grant C. , Aldred Michael J. , Bartold P. Mark 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThis paper reviews past and present applications of quantitative and molecular genetics to dental disorders. Examples are given relating to craniofacial development (including malocclusion), oral supporting tissues (including periodontal diseases) and dental hard tissues (including defects of enamel and dentine as well as dental caries). Future developments and applications to clinical dentistry are discussed. Early investigations confirmed genetic bases to dental caries, periodontal diseases and malocclusion, but research findings have had little impact on clinical practice. The complex multifactorial aetiologies of these conditions, together with methodological problems, have limited progress until recently. Present studies are clarifying previously unrecognized genetic and phenotypic heterogeneities and attempting to unravel the complex interactions between genes and environment by applying new statistical modelling approaches to twin and family data. linkage studies using highly polymorphic DNA markers are providing a means of locating candidate genes, including quantitative trait loci (QTL). In future, as knowledge increases: it should be possible to implement preventive strategies for those genetically‐predisposed individuals who are identified‐predisposed individuals who are identified to be at risk.
Polyvinyl siloxane impression materials: An update on clinical use
Authors: Mandikos Michael N. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractPolyvinyl siloxane impression materials have applications in a variety of indirect procedures in prosthodontics and restorative dentistry. Favourable handling properties, good patient acceptance and excellent physical properties have resulted in their popularity in today's practice. In this review, the chemistry and important physical properties of polyvinyl siloxanes are summarized, and recent clinical questions of improved hydrophilics, tray adhesives, disinfection, and glove‐induced polymerization inhibition are addressed.
The effects of the Nd:Y AG laser on amalgan dental restorative material
Authors: Cernavin Igor , Hogan Sean P. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe Nd:YAG laser has been marketed as an instrument for use on both hard and soft dental tissues. Its potential for use on hard tissues is limited but it may be the instrument of choice for use in certain soft tissue procedures. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of the Nd:YAG laser on analgam restorations which are frequently placed on tooth surfaces adjacent to the areas of soft tissue which may be subjected to the laser. The amalgam used was Tytin. The laser firing was controlled by a computer and constant repetition rate of 40 Hz was used. Energy per pulse was altered as follows: 30 mJ, 40 mJ, 60 mJ, 80 mJ, 120 mJ and 140 mJ. Exposure times of 0.05 s (2 pulses), 1 s (40 pulses), 2 s (80 pulses), 3 s (120 pulses), 4 s (160 pulses), and 5 s (200 pulses) were used. The width of defect was measured using a measuring microscope with 10x magnification and it was established that the damage threshold lies between 0.125 s (5 pulses) and 0.25 s (10 pulses) for 30 mJ per pulse. Scanning electron microscope observations revealed that the melting of amalgam at exposure times of 5 s actually decreased the size of the observed defect. The data were analysed using a two‐way ANOVA statistical test. There was a significant (p<0.001) correlation between the width of the defect and exposure time up to an exposure time of 4 s and the width of defect and the energy per pulse setting. The findings indicate that amalgam restorations are damaged by inadvertent laser exposure and clinicians must take measures to protect such restorations during lasing of soft tissues.
Central fibroma in the ascending ramus of the mandible. Case report
Authors: Sasaoka Kuninori , Mogi Kenji , Ishii Hiroaki 
Published: March 2008

AbstractA case of central fibroma involving the mandible in a 58 year old woman is described. There was slight of the left cheek and bone‐hard bulging was detected on palpation but the patient had not complained of the swelling. The lesion was removed under general anaesthesia and then examined histopathologically. There was no sign of recurrence eleven months after the operation.
Custom‐made titanium mandibular reconstruction tray
Authors: Samman N. , Luck W. K. , Cheung L. K. , Cheung L. K. , Tideman H. , Clark R. K. F. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractReconstruction of the mandible after ablative surgery can be achieved by using preformed trays or trays formed from models produced by computer‐assisted modeling systems. The former presents difficulty in matching the required facial contour, jaw relationship and condylar position; while the latter is expensive. This paper presents a simple and inexpensive method of febricating a custom‐made titanium bone grafting tray. The dimensions of the patient's mandible are obtained by clinical measurement. Such measurements are sued to construct a mandibular replica. The region to be reconstructed is carved to produce the ideal shape and dimensions of an edentulous segment. The tray is made either by casting or by swaging. Twenty‐one custom‐made titanium bone grafting trays have been fitted in patients with encouraging results. This method of bone grafting tray construction is a simple, inexpensive technique for achieving excellent facial contour and functional reconstruction after mandibulectomy.
Metestatic neuroblastoma of the mandible mimicking osteogenic sarcoma radiologically. Case report
Authors: Ogunsalu C. , Smith N. J. D. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThis paper presents a case of a neuroblastoma of the adrenal gland metastazing to the mandible of a 21 month old infant, which presented rediographically as the so‐called ‘sun‐ray’ appearance, characteristic of osteogenic sarcoma.
Prophylactic removal of asymptomatic third molars: A review
Authors: Godfrey Keith , Dent Khon Kaen 
Published: March 2008

AbstractMandibular and maxillary third molars are mostly consigned to ‘waste bins’ in dental practices because they are terminal in developmental timing and positioning in the dental arches, and regarded as functionally non‐essential. Thus, many dental practitioners do not attach significance to the presence of third molars when making therapeutic recommendations to patients about preservation of the dentition. The need for taking more a serious account of third molars is reviewed in this paper.
Australian dental schools: Moving towards the 21st century
Authors: Tennant Marc , McGeachie John K. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractIn Australia nearly all tertiary education is funded through the Federal Government. With reduction in government spending tertiary education has had to accommodate its share of the cuts. Under such a climate dental schools in Australia face serious financial difficulties, in addition to many other diverse threats, as they head towards the 21st century. Most seriously, and almost uniformly felt, is the diminution of Federal Government funding to a point where the operation of some dental schools remains viable only by way of supplementary funding (direct or in‐kind) from State Governments. In this report the authors have developed one possible model of academic, clinical and financial structures of a dental school, based on sound educational and economic grounds, that can overcome some of the short‐comings of the paradigm that exists in some schools in Australia. The two key factors underlying the principles of this model for a new style of dental school are flexibility and professional resposibility. Based on the existing academic and economic realities it would be much more appropriate to outsource a significant proportion of the educational and clinical component of a dental school. Highly trained individuals from the dental profession would be invited to provide training in their area of expertise. The role of the dental school would evolve to be like a facilitation centre, organizing the various courses. It would mean that the ‘core’ curriculum would be the responsibility of the school's academic staff and the outsourced professional members would contribute within the bounds of the basic framework. On the basis of this model a dental school of approximately 225 full‐time undergraduate students (50 per year, less some student loss) in a five year programme is planned, and annual stafffing costs are estimated at $1.4 million.
Child abuse and dentistry: A study of knowledge and attitudes among dentists in Victoria, Australia
Authors: John Vijay , Messer Louise Brearley , Arora Rohan , Fung Summy , Hatzis Eurydice , Nguyen Tam , San Anjali , Thomas Kate 
Published: March 2008

AbstractChild abuse is a disturbingly common finding in society today. In view of the high proportion of orofacial injuries seen in victims of child abuse, dentists are in a strategic position to recognize and report suspected cases.The present study of 347 dentists in Victoria, Australia, assessed the level of knowledge and attitudes among dental professionals on the important issue of child abuse. While a high level of interest was shown by the participants towards this issue, a need for further information and training in the recognition and reporting of child abuse was seen in the survey findings.While dentists at present are not legally mandated in all states of Australia to report suspected cases of child abuse, the dental profession is in a key position to play an active role in the identification and reporting of this substantial community problem.
A programme for the treatment of severe dental fear. Report of three cases
Authors: Smyth John S. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThis paper describes the use of a sequence of recollection and discussion, training in muscle tone control, dental imagery, audio simulation and graded re‐exposure to dental procedures to eliminate a severe fear of dental treatment in three adult female patients. All three patients had abstained from regular dental visits throughout their lives and all were in need of urgent dental treatment when the therapy began. One of the patients also identified in herself other maladaptive behaviour and reported a history of mood disorder as well.The recollections of these patients reveal that the aetiology of dental fear is more complex than dental questionnaires would indicate and, in particular, they supply further evidence of the capacity for adverse medical events to initiate this fear.Although the programme specified in this paper yielded good results, it nonetheless has a number of shortcomings. It is time consuming, dental damage is likely to be well advanced when it commences and it attracts very few patients. Thus those destined for only emergency dental visits and eventually are likely to be edentulous. For this reason every possible precaution againsrt the initiation of dental fear should be taken.
Bilateral congenitally missing cannines. A case Report
Authors: Leong Pam , Calache Hanny 
Published: March 2008

AbstractExclusive aplasia of maxillary permanent canines is extremely rare. There are only a few cases of this condition reported in the literature. This paper reports a case of bilateral congenitally missing canines in a healthy 11 year old male of Chinese origin. The article discusses problems in diagnosis and presents options in the management of such a case. The management option selected was the most appropriate for the family at the time of presentation.
Changes in root canal morphology in simulated curved canals o ver‐instrumented with a variety of stainless steel and nickel titanium files
Authors: Lam Tran V. , Lewis Derek J. , Atkins Darryl R. , Macfarlane Richard H. , Clarkson Roger M. , Witehead Mark G. , Brockhurst Peter J. , Moule Alex J. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe purpose of this project was to observe the amount of apical and mid‐curve transportation produced by a ranbge of nickel titanium (NiTi), titanium alloy and stainless steel (SS) files. Tests were carried out in simulated curved root canals produced in epoxy resin blocks. Seven commercially available file types were tested using sized 15 to 40. Instrumentation was carried out to 1 mm beyond the apex. Changes in canal dimensions were measured at 10X magnification under a shadowgraph.There were substantial differences in the amount and the pattern of apical and mid‐curve transporation produced. The amount of transporation increased with each subsequent size of file. Under the same conditions, nickel titanium files produced significantly less transportation than stainless steel files. The least apical transportation was obtained with the NiTi Mity Turbo and the most by the SSK file and SS Hedstrom file. The least mid‐curve transportation was produced by the NiTi Mity Turbo and the most by the SS Hedstrom file.
A clinical comparison of the new attachment obtained by guided tissue regeneration and coronally positioned flap techniques in the management of human molar furcation defects
Authors: Kerdvongbundit Varunee , Sirirat Mullika , Sirikulsathean Anongporn 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe present clinical trila was designed to evaluate the regenerative potential of the periodontal tissue in Class II furcation defects in mandibular molars using reconstructive surgery based no the juided tissue regeneration (GTR) technique versus the coronally positioned flap (CPF) technique. After the completion of the initial phase of therapy and four to six weeks healing period, 20 furcation‐involved molars were examined for baselline data which included plaque index, gingival condition, probing depth (PD), probing attachment level (PAL‐V, PAL‐H) and radiographs. All parameters were reexamined after three, six and twelve months of healing, except PD, PAL‐V and PAL‐H which were not measured at three and six months. A non‐parametirc analysis was used. The study showed that there were no significant differences in the mean baseline measurements between the treatment groups. After 12 months following surgical treatment, both GTR and CPF and CPF procedures showed gains in new clinical attachment levels. When comparing parameters between the two surgical procedures, GTR molars showed significantly more improvement in probing depth as well as vertical and horizontal attachment level of the interradicular osseous defect than did the CPF molars (p<0.05). About 80 per cent of the sites treated with the GTR technique showed complete clinical resolution of the furcation problem. CPF therapy reached the same treatment goal in about 50 per cent of the cases which were treated. Guided tissue regeneration appeared to be more effective in promoting ergeneration than the coronally positioned flap.
Maximizing response rates to a survey of dentists: A randomized trial
Authors: Rikard‐Bell Glenys , Ward Jeanette 
Published: March 2008

AbstractDentists currently practising within the Central Sydney Area were surveyed (n=179). A randomized controlled trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of an advance telephone prompt (intervention group) compared with an advance letter prompt only (control group) in maximizing the response rate to a self‐administered questionnaire. While the overall response rate was 83 per cent, the final response rate (89 per cent) from dentists in the intervention group was significantly higher than that from dentists in the control group (78 per cent) (X2=4. df=1, p=0.04). Advance telephone prompts are effective in maximizing the response rates from dentists and are recommended in future surveys of this professional group.
Clinical evaluation of EBS dentine bonding agent:one year results
Authors: Tyas Martin J. , Burrow Michael F. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThere are numerous dentine bonding agents currently on the market, the majority of which adhere by means of infiltration of a hydrophilic polymerizable diacrylate into dentinal collagen exposed by acid treatment. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the clinical performance of one such product, EBS dentine bonding, in non‐undercut caries‐free cervical lesions. Forty cavities were restored in eight patients of mean age 53 years. The manufacturer's instructions were followed, which involved essentially etching the enamel and dentine for 20 seconds with 32 per cent phosphoric acid, application and evaporation of EBS primer, followed by placement and curing of EBS Bond, and restoring the cavity with Pertac II (ESPE) hybrid resin composite. Restorations were photographed at base line and one year for evaluation of marginal discolouration on a continuous linear rating scale. At six months, one patient with four restorations was not available; the remaining 36 restorations were all present. At one year, one restoration was missing, giving a cumulative retention rate of over 97 per cent. One of the 36 restorations exhibited very mild marginal discolouration.
Dental amalgam and mercury in dentistry
Authors: Spencer AJ 
Published: March 2008

AbstractMercury in dentistry has re‐emerged as a contentious issue in public health, predominantly because so many people are inadvertently exposed to mercury in order to obtain the benefits of dental amalgam fillings, and the risks remain difficult to interpret. This commentary aims to examine the issues involved in public policy assessment of the continued use of dental amalgam in dentistry. More than 30 per cent of Australian adults are concerned about mercury from dental amalgam fillings but only a small percentage report having their amalgam fillings removed. The placement of dental fillings nearly halved between 1983 and 1997, but many millions of dental amalgam fillings exist in the Australian community. These fillings release mercury (mercury vapour or inorganic ions) at a low level (about 2–5 μg/day in adult). Evidence on the health effect of dental amalgams comes from studies of the association between their presence and signs or symptoms of adverse effects or health changes after removal of dental amalgam fillings. More formal risk assessment studies focus on occupational exposure to mercury and health effects. Numerous methodological issues make their interpretation difficult but new research will continue to challenge policymakers. Policy will also reflect prudent and cautious approaches, encouraging minimization of exposure to mercury in potentially more sensitive population groups. Wider environmental concerns and decreasing tolerance of exposure to other mercury compounds (for example, methylmercury in seafoods) will ensure the use of mercury in dentistry remains an issue, necessitating dentists keep their patients informed of health risks and respect their choices.