bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RAIN: a Machine Learning-based identification for HIV-1 bNAbs
Authors: Perez Laurent , Foglierini Mathilde 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) are promising candidates for the treatment and prevention of HIV-1 infection. Despite their critical importance, automatic detection of HIV-1 bNAbs from immune repertoire is still lacking. Here, we developed a straightforward computational method for Rapid Automatic Identification of bNAbs (RAIN) based on Machine Learning methods. In contrast to other approaches using one-hot encoding amino acid sequences or structural alignment for prediction, RAIN uses a combination of selected sequence-based features for accurate prediction of HIV-1 bNAbs. We demonstrate the performance of our approach on non-biased, experimentally obtained sequenced BCR repertoires from HIV-1 immune donors. RAIN processing leads to the successful identification of novel HIV-1 bNAbs targeting the CD4-binding site of the envelope glycoprotein. In addition, we validate the identified bNAbs using in vitro neutralization assay and we solve the structure of one of them in complex with the soluble native-like heterotrimeric envelope glycoprotein by single-particle cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM). Overall, we propose a method to facilitate and accelerate HIV-1 bNAbs discovery from non-selected immune repertoires.
Characterization of Subdirectly Irreducible Heyting Algebras with Negative Tense Operators
Authors: Almiñana Federico Gabriel , Pelaitay Gustavo 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In [16], Ma and Li established Intuitionistic Propositional Logic with Galois negations (IGN). These logics can be viewed as the ordered dualization of Ewald’s intuitionistic tense logic IKt, where Galois negations function as the ordered duals of residuated pairs of tense operators. In [1], we introduced the concept of negative tense operators on Heyting algebras and defined the variety of tense H-algebras. This new variety of algebras serves as the algebraic semantics for IGN. In this paper, we extend our investigation into tense H-algebras, focusing specifically on their topological properties. Particularly, we provide a topological characterization of subdirectly irreducible tense H-algebras.
Mathematics Subject Classification (2010) 06D20 · 03G25 · 06A15
Flood susceptibility mapping in the Tongo Bassa watershed through GIS, remote sensing and frequency ratio model
Authors: Ebodé Valentin Brice 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Flooding constitutes a major problem for the inhabitants of Douala City in general and those of the Tongo Bassa watershed (TBW) in particular. Faced with this situation, public authorities need to put in place measures to mitigate the vulnerability of populations to these disasters. This article aims to map flooding risk areas in the TBW using geographic information system (GIS), field data (historical flood points), remote sensing data (Sentinel II image) and frequency ratio (FR) model. Six independent variables linked to floods were considered (land use and land cover patterns, altitudes, slopes, drainage densities, distances from watercourses and soil types). The map of land use patterns was obtained following the supervised classification of a Landsat 8 image using ENVI 5.2 software. The other five (05) variables were automatically generated from a digital terrain model using ArcGIS 10.2 software. The map produced shows that 1.41%, 8.88%, 28.51%, 33.86% and 27.33% of the basin area are respectively delimited into very low, low, medium, high and very high flood vulnerability classes. High and very high flooding risk areas (those where flooding is most likely to occur) occupy more than half of the basin (61.19%). These areas are characterized by significant imperviousness, low altitudes, weak slopes, significant proximity to watercourses and clayey soils. Most of the houses in the basin (66.92%) are located in areas affected by these two levels of exposure (high and very high). With respective success and prediction accuracy rates of 89% and 96.78%, a certain confidence deserves to be placed on the map of flooding risk areas produced. The results of this study could serve as decision-support tools in the context of the various developments undertaken by the public authorities, to fight against flooding in this basin.
Immunotherapy of Human Melanoma: Past, Present, Future
Authors: Mortezaee Keywan , Majidpoor Jamal 
Published: March 2024

Abstract:
Immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) is a promising therapeutic
schedule in advanced solid cancers. In this review, clinical trials from highly reputable
journals are interpreted for safety and efficacy evaluation of the common anti-programmed
death-1 (PD-1) inhibitor nivolumab and/or the most known anti-cytotoxic T
lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) inhibitor ipilimumab in advanced melanoma.
Current progress in the field of melanoma immunotherapy is the focus of this review.
Solo nivolumab and combo nivolumab-ipilimumab show higher responses compared
to solo ipilimumab or chemotherapy. BRAF and programmed death-ligand 1 (PDL1)
expression states are seemingly not reliable biomarkers of response to ICI therapy in
melanoma. Solo ipilimumab and particularly a combination of nivolumab-ipilimumab
show higher adverse events (AEs) compared with solo nivolumab or chemotherapy. Besides,
ICI therapy is safer in mucosal melanoma, but its efficacy is higher in the cutaneous
subtype. Patients receiving combination regimens who are experiencing serious
AEs can discontinue such regimens until recovery and still maintain clinical benefits. To
conclude, combo nivolumab-ipilimumab represents more therapeutic advantages compared
with solo nivolumab or ipilimumab, but the rate of AEs is higher for combination
regimens. Resistance to combo nivolumab-ipilimumab demands the application of novel
approaches to go with ICIs in melanoma immunotherapy. Immunogenic agents, alternative
immune checkpoints, vaccination, oncolytic viruses, extracellular vesicles (EVs)
and fecal microbiome transplantation (FMT) are novel strategies in patients developing
ICI resistance.
Changes in Lipid and Protein Peroxidation in Blood Serum and Respiratory Lungs Homogenate in Experimental Iodine Deficiency, Insulin Resistance and Their Combination
Authors: Petruniak Sofіia 
Published: March 2024

The relevance of the study is the prevalence of diet-induced metabolic disorders, in particular, iodine deficiency and insulin resistance. The aim of the study was to find out the features of lipids and proteins peroxidation in blood serum and lung tissue in rats with iodine deficiency, insulin resistance and their combination. Thyroid profile indicators, carbohydrate metabolism markers, proteins and lipids peroxidation were determined in animals kept on a standard diet (1st, control group), iodine-deficient diet (2nd group), under high-fructose feeding conditions (3rd group) and combination of iodine deprivation and the high-fructose diet (4th group). Indicators lipids and proteins free radical oxidation were determined in serum and homogenate of the pulmonary respiratory part. Iodine insufficient diet caused hypothyroid dysfunction, as evidenced by a decrease level of thyroid hormones and increase TSH in the blood serum of rats (2nd and 4th experimental groups). Increase in serum insulin and HOMA-IR index reflects the insulin resistance (3rd and 4th groups). Long-term iodine deprivation and a high-carbohydrate diet (three months) caused a violation of thyroid homeostasis and the development of insulin resistance, which are potentiated in their combination. Under such conditions oxidative stress develops, reflecting elevation of lipid and protein peroxidation products in blood serum (by 16,40-83,10 %, р<0,05) and homogenate of the respiratory pulmonary section (by 39,61 % - 2,55 times, р<0,05) according to the control. Increase the intensity of peroxidation in a combination of iodine-deficient and high-carbohydrate diets suggests a synergism of comorbid pathology and an increase in bronchopulmonary risks.
Perinatal Consequences in Pregnant Women Suffering from Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Adonina Iryna , Marichereda Valeria 
Published: March 2024

The aim of the study was to evaluate perinatal outcomes in pregnant women suffering from metabolic syndrome
Material and methods. The study was carried out on the basis of Maternity House No. 7" (Odesa) in 2014-2021. 57 women with metabolic syndrome were examined. Anthropometric parameters, basic metabolism, leptin content and lipid profile, frequency of complications of pregnancy and childbirth were evaluated. Statistical processing was carried out by methods of dispersion and correlation analysis using Statistica 13.0 software (TIBCO, USA).
Research results.
The average age of the examined women was 27.4±1.1 years. Of them, 16 (28.1%) pregnant women were primiparous, and 41 (71.9%) pregnant women gave birth again. BMI in all women was above 25 kg/m2 (on average 29.2±0.6 kg/m2) with a fat content of 47.3±2.4%. During pregnancy, leptin level was on average 39.3±1.6 ng/ml, LDL content was 1.8±0.1 mmol/l. The presence of metabolic syndrome significantly increased the frequency of obstetric and perinatal complications. The possible relationship between the identified disorders and qualitative changes in the intestinal microbiome is discussed.
Conclusions:

In women with manifested metabolic syndrome, the course of pregnancy was complicated by preeclampsia in 24.6% of cases, placental dysfunction in 29.8% of cases. The threat of premature birth occurred in 40.4%, gestational diabetes – in 31.6% of women.
With metabolic syndrome, the frequency of operative delivery increases to 35.1%. The main indications for a cesarean section were a clinically narrow pelvis, a severe form of preeclampsia, and weakness of labor that cannot be corrected with medication.
During childbirth, women in labor with metabolic syndrome often experience such complications as weakness of labor (19.3%), premature discharge of amniotic fluid (24.6%). The main complication of the postpartum period was subinvolution of the uterus (15.8%).
Most of the children born had signs of macrosomia, which closely depended on leptin concentration (r=-0.31).
The proven existence of a strong correlation between the level of leptin production and LDL (rs=0.76).
Indicators of Mineral Metabolism in the Oral Fluid in Patients with Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
Authors: Kerziuk Oksana , Rozhko Mykola 
Published: March 2024

Disruption of the digestive system in the gastrointestinal tract, namely in gastroesophageal reflux disease, leads to the development of pathological processes in the oral cavity, changing the homeostasis of the viscoelastic gel layer of the esophageal mucosa. Thus, it has been proven that there are reflex connections between the receptor apparatus of the esophageal mucosa and the efferent nerve fibers of the salivary glands, which can be disrupted in GERD. Therefore, saliva is involved in providing effective protection of the esophagus. As a result, the content of mineral components changes significantly: in particular, the level of calcium and enzyme composition.
Aim to study the indicators of mineral metabolism: the content of calcium, alkaline, and acid phosphatases in mixed saliva in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease.
Methods 60 patients of various ages who underwent inpatient treatment at the IFNMU University Clinic were examined, where pH-metry was performed to determine acidity. The main group consisted of patients diagnosed with GERD, with decreased and increased acidity. The content of indicators of mineral metabolism in saliva was determined as follows: calcium (Ca) - photometric method with arsenase -111; acid phosphatase (AC) was determined by the Hillman method, alkaline phosphatase (AL) by hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl phosphate at pH -10.4, release of p-nitrophenol and phosphate. The norm of indicators of mineral metabolism was established on 30 practically healthy volunteers. Statistical processing of data was carried out using the Microsoft Excel program by calculating the arithmetic mean.
Conclusions thus, the results obtained indicate that in GERD there is a violation of mineral metabolism in the oral fluid. The oral fluid is the first to come into contact with the reflux agent. This leads to a violation of saliva neutralization, so the study of saliva mineral composition can be considered as an early diagnostic marker for gastroesophageal reflux disease.
Testing Two Online Symptom Checkers With Vulnerable Groups: Usability Study to Improve Cognitive Accessibility of eHealth Services
Authors: Savolainen Kaisa , Kujala Sari 
Published: March 2024

Background
The popularity of eHealth services has surged significantly, underscoring the importance of ensuring their usability and accessibility for users with diverse needs, characteristics, and capabilities. These services can pose cognitive demands, especially for individuals who are unwell, fatigued, or experiencing distress. Additionally, numerous potentially vulnerable groups, including older adults, are susceptible to digital exclusion and may encounter cognitive limitations related to perception, attention, memory, and language comprehension. Regrettably, many studies overlook the preferences and needs of user groups likely to encounter challenges associated with these cognitive aspects.

Objective
This study primarily aims to gain a deeper understanding of cognitive accessibility in the practical context of eHealth services. Additionally, we aimed to identify the specific challenges that vulnerable groups encounter when using eHealth services and determine key considerations for testing these services with such groups.

Methods
As a case study of eHealth services, we conducted qualitative usability testing on 2 online symptom checkers used in Finnish public primary care. A total of 13 participants from 3 distinct groups participated in the study: older adults, individuals with mild intellectual disabilities, and nonnative Finnish speakers. The primary research methods used were the thinking-aloud method, questionnaires, and semistructured interviews.

Results
We found that potentially vulnerable groups encountered numerous issues with the tested services, with similar problems observed across all 3 groups. Specifically, clarity and the use of terminology posed significant challenges. The services overwhelmed users with excessive information and choices, while the terminology consisted of numerous complex medical terms that were difficult to understand. When conducting tests with vulnerable groups, it is crucial to carefully plan the sessions to avoid being overly lengthy, as these users often require more time to complete tasks. Additionally, testing with vulnerable groups proved to be quite efficient, with results likely to benefit a wider audience as well.

Conclusions
Based on the findings of this study, it is evident that older adults, individuals with mild intellectual disability, and nonnative speakers may encounter cognitive challenges when using eHealth services, which can impede or slow down their use and make the services more difficult to navigate. In the worst-case scenario, these challenges may lead to errors in using the services. We recommend expanding the scope of testing to include a broader range of eHealth services with vulnerable groups, incorporating users with diverse characteristics and capabilities who are likely to encounter difficulties in cognitive accessibility.
The Effectiveness of a Digital App for Reduction of Clinical Symptoms in Individuals With Panic Disorder: Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Kim KunJung , Hwang Hyunchan , Bae Sujin , Kim Sun Mi , Han Doug Hyun 
Published: March 2024

Background
Panic disorder is a common and important disease in clinical practice that decreases individual productivity and increases health care use. Treatments comprise medication and cognitive behavioral therapy. However, adverse medication effects and poor treatment compliance mean new therapeutic models are needed.

Objective
We hypothesized that digital therapy for panic disorder may improve panic disorder symptoms and that treatment response would be associated with brain activity changes assessed with functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS).

Methods
Individuals (n=50) with a history of panic attacks were recruited. Symptoms were assessed before and after the use of an app for panic disorder, which in this study was a smartphone-based app for treating the clinical symptoms of panic disorder, panic symptoms, depressive symptoms, and anxiety. The hemodynamics in the frontal cortex during the resting state were measured via fNIRS. The app had 4 parts: diary, education, quest, and serious games. The study trial was approved by the institutional review board of Chung-Ang University Hospital (1041078-202112-HR-349-01) and written informed consent was obtained from all participants.

Results
The number of participants with improved panic symptoms in the app use group (20/25, 80%) was greater than that in the control group (6/21, 29%; χ21=12.3; P=.005). During treatment, the improvement in the Panic Disorder Severity Scale (PDSS) score in the app use group was greater than that in the control group (F1,44=7.03; P=.01). In the app use group, the total PDSS score declined by 42.5% (mean score 14.3, SD 6.5 at baseline and mean score 7.2, SD 3.6 after the intervention), whereas the PDSS score declined by 14.6% in the control group (mean score 12.4, SD 5.2 at baseline and mean score 9.8, SD 7.9 after the intervention). There were no significant differences in accumulated oxygenated hemoglobin (accHbO2) at baseline between the app use and control groups. During treatment, the reduction in accHbO2 in the right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC; F1,44=8.22; P=.006) and the right orbitofrontal cortex (OFC; F1,44=8.88; P=.005) was greater in the app use than the control group.

Conclusions
Apps for panic disorder should effectively reduce symptoms and VLPFC and OFC brain activity in patients with panic disorder. The improvement of panic disorder symptoms was positively correlated with decreased VLPFC and OFC brain activity in the resting state.

Trial Registration
Clinical Research Information Service KCT0007280; https://cris.nih.go.kr/cris/search/detailSearch.do?seq=21448
Combating Barriers to the Development of a Patient-Oriented Frailty Website
Authors: Greeley Brian , Chung Sally Seohyeon , Graves Lorraine , Song Xiaowei 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This viewpoint article, which represents the opinions of the authors, discusses the barriers to developing a patient-oriented frailty website and potential solutions. A patient-oriented frailty website is a health resource where community-dwelling older adults can navigate to and answer a series of health-related questions to receive a frailty score and health summary. This information could then be shared with health care professionals to help with the understanding of health status prior to acute illness, as well as to screen and identify older adult individuals for frailty. Our viewpoints were drawn from 2 discussion sessions that included caregivers and care providers, as well as community-dwelling older adults. We found that barriers to a patient-oriented frailty website include, but are not limited to, its inherent restrictiveness to frail persons, concerns over data privacy, time commitment worries, and the need for health and lifestyle resources in addition to an assessment summary. For each barrier, we discuss potential solutions and caveats to those solutions, including assistance from caregivers, hosting the website on a trusted source, reducing the number of health questions that need to be answered, and providing resources tailored to each users’ responses, respectively. In addition to screening and identifying frail older adults, a patient-oriented frailty website will help promote healthy aging in nonfrail adults, encourage aging in place, support real-time monitoring, and enable personalized and preventative care.
Frequency of pulley lesions in patients with frozen shoulder
Authors: Bohdan S.V. , Yuriychuk L.М. , Strafun O.S. , Sergienko R.O. , Strafun S.S. 
Published: March 2024

Background. Analyzing the results of studies conduc­ted at various MRI centers in different cities of our country, demonstrates that the diagnosis of pulley lesion was only established in a few of them, while the diagnosis of adhesive capsulitis was established in every third examination. This fact leads to the disregard of the primary cause of the disease, diagnostic errors, and consequently, treatment mistakes. The purpose was to investigate the frequency of different types of pulley lesions involving the ligaments that maintain the integrity of the long head of the biceps (pulley lesion injuries) in patients with adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder joint (frozen shoulder). Materials and methods. We performed 310 ope­rations on patients with adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder. The patients’ ages ranged from 30 to 90 years. The average duration from the onset of the disease to surgical intervention was 189 ± 104 days. All patients were examined clinically and radiologically and all patients underwent MRI study of anatomical structures and shoulder joint arthroscopy. Results. Pulley lesion injuries of the shoulder joint were detected in 84 (27.1 %) of the patients who underwent surgery for a frozen shoulder. This allows us to assert that in this particular patient group, secondary adhesive capsulitis with the development of shoulder joint contracture was predominant. The third (16.5 %) and fourth (12.4 %) types of pulley lesion injuries were the most prevalent. These particular types of pulley lesion injuries exhibit the most contracture-inducing properties, with the third type predominating over the fourth type. А change in the type of pulley lesion damage (an increase in the number of damaged structures of the shoulder), the average indicators of the mobility of the shoulder decreased. Conclusions. In 27.1% of patients who were opera­ted on for idiopathic adhesive capsulitis was detected pulley lesion, which gives us to reconsider treatment approaches and expand the indications for diagnostic and therapeutic shoulder arthroscopy in the earlier stages of the disease.