bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Production of High-Affinity Human Monoclonal Antibody Fab Fragments to the 19-Kilodalton C-Terminal Merozoite Surface Protein 1 ofPlasmodium falciparum
Authors: Cheng Xun-Jia , Hayasaka Hitoshi , Watanabe Katsuomi , Tao Yan-Lin , Liu Jin-Ye , Tsukamoto Hideo , Horii Toshihiro , Tanabe Kazuyuki , Tachibana Hiroshi 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACTA combinatorial immunoglobulin gene library was constructed from peripheral blood lymphocytes of eight patients infected withPlasmodium falciparumand was screened for the production of human monoclonal antibody Fab fragments to the C-terminal 19-kDa fragment ofP. falciparummerozoite surface protein 1 (MSP-119). Three Fab clones recognized recombinant MSP-119under nonreducing conditions. Indirect immunofluorescence microscopy demonstrated that three Fab clones stained the surfaces of late trophozoites/schizonts and merozoites of the FCR3 and 3D7 strains, suggesting the Fabs' reactivities to a conserved epitope. Sequence analysis of the heavy-chain genes revealed that the closest germ line V segments were VH1-8 and VH7-81, with 91% to 98% homology. The closest germ line D segment was D3-10, and the closest germ line J segment was JH4 or JH5, with 90% to 97% homology. In the light-chain genes, the closest germ line V segment was A27 for the Jκ2, Jκ4, and Jκ5 segments. The dissociation constants of these Fab fragments for recombinant MSP-119ranged from 1.09 × 10−9to 2.66 × 10−9M. The binding of the three Fab fragments to MSP-119was competitively inhibited by the anti-MSP-119mouse monoclonal antibody 12.8, which inhibits erythrocyte invasion by merozoites. However, the human Fab fragment with the highest affinity did not inhibit in vitro growth ofP. falciparum. This is the first report of gene analysis and bacterial expression of human monoclonal antibodies toP. falciparumMSP-119. The combinatorial immunoglobulin gene library derived from malaria patients provides a potential tool for producing high-affinity human antibodies specific forP. falciparum.
Vacuolating Cytotoxin in
Helicobacter pylori
Water-Soluble Proteins Upregulates Chemokine Expression in Human Eosinophils via Ca
2+
Influx, Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Intermediates, and NF-κB Activation
Authors: Kim Jung Mogg , Kim Joo Sung , Lee Jin Young , Kim Yeong-Jeon , Youn Ho-Joo , Kim In Young , Chee Young Joon , Oh Yu-Kyoung , Kim Nayoung , Jung Hyun Chae , Song In Sung 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACT

Helicobacter pylori
-infected gastric mucosa is characterized by infiltration of inflammatory cells such as neutrophils and eosinophils. However, little information is available on the relationship between
H. pylori
virulence factors and chemokine expression in eosinophils. This study investigates the role of vacuolating cytotoxin (VacA) in chemokine expression from human eosinophils. Eosinophils were isolated from the peripheral blood of healthy volunteers using a magnetic cell separation system. VacA
+
H. pylori
water-soluble proteins (WSP) induced higher expression of interleukin-8, growth-related oncogene alpha, monocyte chemotactic protein 1, and RANTES (regulated on activation, normal, T-cell expressed and secreted) than Vac
−
WSP in human eosinophils, as assessed by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Purified VacA not only increased chemokine expression but also activated p65/p50 NF-κB heterodimers and phosphorylated IκB kinase (IKK) α/β signals in human eosinophils. Inhibition of NF-κB and IKK significantly decreased the chemokine expression in VacA-stimulated eosinophils. Furthermore, VacA-induced NF-κB activation and chemokine release from eosinophils were dependent on Ca
2+
influx and mitochondrial generation of reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI). These results suggest that NF-κB and IKK signals via Ca
2+
influx and mitochondrial ROI play a role in the up-regulation of chemokine expression in eosinophils stimulated with
H. pylori
VacA.
Regulation of P-Fimbrial Phase Variation Frequencies in
Escherichia coli
CFT073
Authors: Holden Nicola , Totsika Makrina , Dixon Lynn , Catherwood Kirsteen , Gally David L. 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACT

Adherence of uropathogenic
Escherichia coli
to host tissue is required for infection and is mediated by fimbriae, such as pyelonephritis-associated pili (Pap). Expression of P fimbriae is regulated by phase variation, and to date, phase transition frequencies have been measured only for
pap
regulatory region constructs integrated into the
E. coli
K-12 chromosome. The aim of this work was to measure P phase transition frequencies in clinical isolates for the first time, including frequencies for the sequenced strain
E. coli
CFT073. P fimbriation and associated phase transition frequencies were measured for two
E. coli
clinical isolates and compared with levels for homologous
pap
constructs in
E. coli
K-12. Fimbriation and off-to-on transition frequencies were always higher in the clinical isolate. It was concluded that the regulatory inputs controlling
papI
expression are likely to be different in
E. coli
CFT073 and
E. coli
K-12 as (i) phase variation could be stimulated in
E. coli
K-12 by induction of
papI
and (ii) the level of expression of a
papI
::
gfp

+

fusion was higher in
E. coli
CFT073 than in
E. coli
K-12. Furthermore, phase transition frequencies for the two
E. coli
CFT073
pap
clusters were shown to be different depending on the culture conditions, indicating that there is a hierarchy of expression depending on signal inputs.
INTEGRATIVE COMPUTER-AIDED DIAGNOSTIC WITH BREAST THERMOGRAM
Authors: NG E. Y. K. , KEE E. C. 
Published: April 2007

Thermography is a non-invasive and non-contact imaging technique widely used in the medical arena. This paper investigates the analysis of thermograms with the use of biostatistical methods and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). It is desired that through these approaches, highly accurate diagnosis using thermography techniques can be established.The proposed advanced technique is a multipronged approach comprising of Linear Regression (LR), Radial Basis Function Network (RBFN) and Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC). It is a novel and integrative technique that can be used to analyze complicated and large numerical data. In this study, the advanced technique will be used to analyze breast cancer thermogram for diagnosis purposes.The use of LR shows the correlation between the variables and the actual health status (healthy or cancerous) of the subject, which is decided by using mammography. This is important when selecting the variables to be used as inputs, in particular, for building the neural network.For ANN, RBFN is applied. Based on the various inputs fed into the network, RBFN will be trained to produce the desired outcome, which is either positive for cancerous or negative for healthy cases. When this is done, the RBFN algorithm will possess the ability to predict the outcome when there are new input variables. The advantages of using RBFN include fast training, superior classification and decision making abilities as compared to other networks such as back-propagation.Next, ROC is used to evaluate the accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of the outcome of RBFN Test files. The best results obtained are an accuracy (score) rate of 80.95%, with 81.2% sensitivity and 88.2% specificity. For breast cancer diagnosis, clinical examination by experienced doctors has an accuracy rate of approximately 60–70%. Hence, the proposed method has a higher accuracy rate than the existing practice.Through the use of Bio-statistical methods and ANN, improvements are made in thermography application with regard to achieving a higher level of accuracy rate in diagnosis as compared to clinical examination. It has now become possible to use thermography as a powerful adjunct tool for breast cancer detection, together with mammography for diagnosis purposes.
MEASUREMENT OF INTRAMENISCAL FORCES AND STRESSES BY TWO DIFFERENT MINIATURE TRANSDUCERS
Authors: GOH P. K. , FUSS F. K. , YANAI T. , RITCHIE A. C. , LIE D. T. T. , TJIN S. C. 
Published: April 2007

Injuries to the knee joint are common and often have an adverse impact on a patient's quality of life. It is therefore important to understand the load transfer mechanism of the knee, especially with regard to the loading of the menisci in different positions and under different conditions. To date, only contact pressure between joint surfaces and menisci, as well as circumferential strain, have been measured by pressure sensors and strain gauges. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the spread of axial load within the menisci and the effect of the knee flexion angle on the axial load within the menisci. Intrameniscal forces were measured with Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensors and conductive rubber sensors in porcine knee joint specimens. The changes in pressure were measured under different loading conditions. Measurement of the intrameniscal pressure is feasible. Although, there is some existence of variations in readings, some trends can be inferred. From the overall trend, it was observed that higher stress occurs at lateral central and lateral posterior regions. As the occurrences of injuries are mainly at the medial meniscus, this may imply that the level of stress is secondary to the mobility of the meniscus in incidents of injuries. It was found that the posterior meniscofemoral ligament plays a crucial role in the mechanics of the lateral meniscus.
Rabbi David Fränckel, Moses Mendelssohn, and the Beginning of the Berlin Haskalah: Reattributing a Patriotic Sermon (1757)
Authors: Freudenthal Gad 
Published: April 2007

AbstractOn December 10, 1757 R. David Fränckel (1707–1762), Chief Rabbi of Berlin Jewry, delivered in German a sermon on the occasion of Frederick the Great's victory at Leuthen. Scholarly consensus has ascribed this sermon to Moses Mendelssohn (1729–1796), and it is included in the authoritative edition of Mendelssohn's Complete Works (Jubiläumsausgabe). Drawing on an earlier sermon by Fränckel that has only recently come to light, this paper argues that the "Leuthen Sermon" was in truth authored by Fränckel himself, in Hebrew, and that Mendelssohn only translated it into German. This re-attribution affords a better appreciation of Fränckel's important role in the emergence of the Berlin Haskalah. It is also suggested that Fränckel's thought was closer to Mendelssohn's than hitherto realized, and that Fränckel played a greater role in Mendelssohn's intellectual development than previously thought. The Appendix points out that Fränckel's sermon enjoyed a world-wide success: the German version was reprinted a considerable number of times in Germany; and an English translation was published in London and was reprinted in the New World by both Jews and Christians.
Ubi Lenin, Ibi Jerusalem: Illusions and Defeats of Jewish Communists in Polish-Jewish, Post-world War II Literature
Authors: Mincer Laura Quercioli 
Published: April 2007

AbstractOn the basis of an analysis of literary texts by Polish-Jewish authors, the character of the Communist Jews, their motivations and relations to Jewish and Polish culture is described. This topic involves at the same time the forms of Jewish self-representation and self-consciousness, and the role played by Polonized Jews within Polish society. The article opens with a brief sketch of the possible affinities between Jewish Messianism and revolutionary utopia.
Combining Spatial Statistical and Ensemble Information in Probabilistic Weather Forecasts
Authors: Berrocal Veronica J. , Raftery Adrian E. , Gneiting Tilmann 
Published: April 2007

AbstractForecast ensembles typically show a spread–skill relationship, but they are also often underdispersive, and therefore uncalibrated. Bayesian model averaging (BMA) is a statistical postprocessing method for forecast ensembles that generates calibrated probabilistic forecast products for weather quantities at individual sites. This paper introduces the spatial BMA technique, which combines BMA and the geostatistical output perturbation (GOP) method, and extends BMA to generate calibrated probabilistic forecasts of whole weather fields simultaneously, rather than just weather events at individual locations. At any site individually, spatial BMA reduces to the original BMA technique. The spatial BMA method provides statistical ensembles of weather field forecasts that take the spatial structure of observed fields into account and honor the flow-dependent information contained in the dynamical ensemble. The members of the spatial BMA ensemble are obtained by dressing the weather field forecasts from the dynamical ensemble with simulated spatially correlated error fields, in proportions that correspond to the BMA weights for the member models in the dynamical ensemble. Statistical ensembles of any size can be generated at minimal computational cost. The spatial BMA technique was applied to 48-h forecasts of surface temperature over the Pacific Northwest in 2004, using the University of Washington mesoscale ensemble. The spatial BMA ensemble generally outperformed the BMA and GOP ensembles and showed much better verification results than the raw ensemble, both at individual sites, for weather field forecasts, and for forecasts of composite quantities, such as average temperature in National Weather Service forecast zones and minimum temperature along the Interstate 90 Mountains to Sound Greenway.
African Easterly Waves during 2004—Analysis Using Objective Techniques
Authors: Berry Gareth , Thorncroft Chris , Hewson Tim 
Published: April 2007

Abstract
African easterly waves (AEWs) are identified in numerical model analyses using an objective technique based on the 700-hPa streamfunction field. This method has been developed to (i) reduce the amount of manual data interpretation, (ii) reduce the likelihood of unrelated phenomena being identified as AEWs, and (iii) facilitate completely objective comparisons between AEWs with different structures on multiple scales, in order to describe their variability. Results show this method performs well when compared to methods of AEW identification used in previous studies. The objective technique is used to analyze all AEWs that originated over tropical North Africa during July–September (JAS) 2004. Results indicate that the “average” AEW in this period bears a close resemblance to composite structures from previous research. However, there is marked variability in the characteristics and ultimate fate of AEWs. Most AEWs of JAS 2004 are first identified east of the Greenwich meridian and develop as they move westward. Mature structures over the African continent varied, ranging from isolated potential vorticity maxima confined equatorward of the objectively defined African easterly jet to broad cross-jet structures symptomatic of both baroclinic and barotropic growth. As many as 80% of the cases fell into the second category. After leaving the West African coast, 45% of the AEWs in JAS 2004 were associated with tropical cyclogenesis in either the Atlantic or Pacific Ocean basins.
Probabilistic Evaluation of the Dynamics and Predictability of the Mesoscale Convective Vortex of 10–13 June 2003
Authors: Hawblitzel Daniel P. , Zhang Fuqing , Meng Zhiyong , Davis Christopher A. 
Published: April 2007

Abstract
This study examines the dynamics and predictability of the mesoscale convective vortex (MCV) of 10–13 June 2003 through ensemble forecasting. The MCV of interest developed from a preexisting upper-level disturbance over the southwest United States on 10 June and matured as it traveled northeastward. This event is of particular interest given the anomalously strong and long-lived nature of the circulation. An ensemble of 20 forecasts using a 2-way nested mesoscale model with horizontal grid increments of 30 and 10 km are employed to probabilistically evaluate the dynamics and predictability of the MCV. Ensemble mean and spread as well as correlations between different forecast variables at different forecast times are examined. It is shown that small-amplitude large-scale balanced initial perturbations may result in very large ensemble spread, with individual solutions ranging from a very strong MCV to no MCV at all. Despite similar synoptic-scale conditions, the ensemble MCV forecasts vary greatly depending on intensity and coverage of simulated convection, illustrating the critical role of convection in the development and evolution of this MCV. Correlation analyses reveal the importance of a preexisting disturbance to the eventual development of the MCV. It is also found that convection near the center of the MCV the day after its formation may be an important factor in determining the eventual growth of a surface vortex and that a stronger midlevel vortex is more conducive to convection, especially on the downshear side, consistent with the findings of previous MCV studies.
Influence of Tropical Cyclones on Humidity Patterns over Southern Baja California, Mexico
Authors: Farfán Luis M. , Fogel Ira 
Published: April 2007

Abstract
The influence of tropical cyclone circulations in the distribution of humidity and convection over northwestern Mexico is investigated by analyzing circulations that developed in the eastern Pacific Ocean from 1 July to 21 September 2004. Documented cases having some impact over the Baja California Peninsula include Tropical Storm Blas (13–15 July), Hurricane Frank (23–25 August), Hurricane Howard (2–6 September), and Hurricane Javier (15–20 September). Datasets are derived from geostationary satellite imagery, upper-air and surface station observations, as well as an analysis from an operational model. Emphasis is given to circulations that moved within 800 km of the southern part of the peninsula. The distribution of precipitable water is used to identify distinct peaks during the approach of these circulations and deep convection that occurred for periods of several days over the southern peninsula and Gulf of California. Hurricane Howard is associated with a significant amount of precipitation, while Hurricane Javier made landfall across the central peninsula with a limited impact on the population in the area. An examination of the large-scale environment suggests that advection of humid air from the equatorial Pacific is an important element in sustaining tropical cyclones and convection off the coast of western Mexico.
The Impact of Convective Momentum Transport on Tropical Cyclone Track Forecasts Using the Emanuel Cumulus Parameterization
Authors: Hogan Timothy F. , Pauley Randal L. 
Published: April 2007

Abstract
The influence of convective momentum transport (CMT) on tropical cyclone (TC) track forecasts is examined in the Navy Operational Global Atmospheric Prediction System (NOGAPS) with the Emanuel cumulus parameterization. Data assimilation and medium-range forecast experiments show that for 35 tropical cyclones during August and September 2004 the inclusion of CMT in the cumulus parameterization significantly improves the TC track forecasts. The tests show that the track forecasts are very sensitive to the magnitude of the Emanuel parameterization’s convective momentum transport parameter, which controls the CMT tendency returned by the parameterization. While the overall effect of this formulation of CMT in NOGAPS data assimilation/medium-range forecasts results in the surface pressure of tropical cyclones being less intense (and more consistent with the analysis), the parameterization is not equivalent to a simple diffusion of winds in the presence of convection. This is demonstrated by two data assimilation/medium-range forecast tests in which a vertical diffusion algorithm replaces the CMT. Two additional data assimilation/medium-range forecast experiments were conducted to test whether the skill increase primarily comes from the CMT in the immediate vicinity of the tropical cyclones. The results show that the inclusion of the CMT calculation in the vicinity of the TC makes the largest contribution to the increase in forecast skill, but the general contribution of CMT away from the TC also plays an important role.
Antecedent Upstream Air Trajectories Associated with Northwest Flow Snowfall in the Southern Appalachians
Authors: Perry L. Baker , Konrad Charles E. , Schmidlin Thomas W. 
Published: April 2007

Abstract
Northwest flow snow (NWFS) events are common occurrences at higher elevations and on windward slopes in the southern Appalachians. Low temperatures and considerable blowing and drifting of snow, coupled with significant spatial variability of snowfall, substantially increase societal impacts. This paper develops a synoptic classification of NWFS events in the southern Appalachians using 72-h antecedent upstream (backward) air-trajectory analyses. Hourly observations from first-order stations and daily snowfall data from cooperative observer stations are used to define snowfall events. NCEP–NCAR reanalysis data are utilized to identify NWFS events on the basis of 850-hPa northwest flow (270°–360°) at the event maturation hour. The NOAA Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory tool is used to calculate 72-h backward air trajectories at the event maturation hour and composite trajectories are mapped in a geographic information systems format. Analyses of vertical soundings are coupled with NCEP–NCAR reanalysis data to determine the synoptic characteristics associated with each trajectory class. Significant variability of trajectories and synoptic patterns is evident from the analyses, resulting in four distinct backward air-trajectory classes. Trajectories with a Great Lakes connection result in higher composite mean and maximum snowfall totals along portions of the higher-elevation windward slopes when compared with other northwest trajectories, but little effect of the Great Lakes is noted at lower elevations and on leeward slopes.
The Attitudes Towards and Enactment of Psychosocial Rehabilitation Principles: Discrepancies and Correlates
Authors: Song Li-Yu 
Published: April 2007

Background: Previous literature suggests that attitudes have critical effects on recovery outcomes. Yet mental health professionals' attitudes towards psychiatric rehabilitation principles (PRP) have not been fully addressed. Whether the professionals could act in accordance with attitudes has also not been examined. Aims: This study explored how hospital professionals in Taiwan perceived PRP, and whether there were discrepancies between attitudes towards and enactment of PRP. Also, the correlates of attitudes and enactment were examined. Methods: Survey questionnaires were sent to hospitals in Taiwan, and yielded a valid sample of 743 subjects, with a 23.48% return rate. The potential correlates included five groups of variables: demographic, professional background, training experience, and external and internal structure of hospital. Results: The factor analyses revealed nine factors of PRP, which partly confirmed Cnaan et al.'s findings (1990), and added recovery components. Hospital professionals held favorable attitudes toward and enacted more on recovery and strengths perspectives, yet less on social change, commitment from staff, and using environmental resources. The discrepancies between attitudes and enactment were mainly on macro related principles. Attitudes and hospital emphasis on psychiatric rehabilitation (PR) in discharge plans were the two most important correlates of enactment. Conclusions: Doctors are the training target group for enhancing favorable attitudes and enactment. Continuous advocacies on structural changes for increasing PR resources, and hospital emphasis on PR in treatment approach are needed.