bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mental health impact on healthcare workers from COVID‐19 in Vietnam: Suggestions for a preventive program
Authors: Ha Do Thi , Son Huynh Tan , Hiep Nguyen Thanh , Linh Tran Thuy Khanh 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe COVID‐19 pandemic has had a negative impact on the mental health of healthcare workers participating in the prevention and control of the pandemic, thereby reducing their quality of life and affecting the quality of patient outcomes. This study aims to explore and deeply understand the mental health problems among healthcare workers participating in the prevention and control of COVID‐19 in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. A mixed methods study was undertaken with a descriptive cross‐sectional survey of 2870 healthcare workers who have been participating in the prevention and control of COVID‐19 in Ho Chi Minh City in 2021, followed by a qualitative descriptive phenomenological study comprised of in‐depth interviews with a purposively sampled subset of 40 healthcare workers. Results showed that of the 2870 survey participants, the majority (60.6%) were female, and the average age was 35.1 (SD = 8.6). The prevalence of stress, anxiety and depression was 17.2%, 20.8%, and 17.6%, respectively. The findings from in‐depth interviews revealed that the participants were under extreme mental health issues such as worries, stress, and negative emotions. The worrying was related to risk of infection, being shunned, stigmatised, or assaulted by the community. Stress was due to excessive pressure from work. Negative emotions were identified as sadness, self‐pity, feelings of loneliness, entrusting fate, feelings of guilt, anxiety, confusion, obsession, disorientation, physical and mental exhaustion. Promoting mental health among healthcare workers who participated in the crisis is necessary and urgent.
Establishment of a real‐time fluorescence and visual colorimetric detection method for Staphylococcus aureus based on loop‐mediated isothermal amplification
Authors: Cui Xinping , Guo Jianping , Wang Zuwei , Lu Zhaoxin , Meng Fanqiang , Bie Xiaomei 
Published: April 2024

AbstractA loop‐mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) method combined with calcein was established for the detection of Staphylococcus aureus. LAMP primers were designed targeting the ASL18_04625 species‐specific gene screened through bioinformatics and PCR analysis. The target gene and detection method demonstrated 100% specificity for S. aureus and no cross‐reactions with other pathogens. For LAMP reactions, the results could be directly observed with the naked eye or evaluated by S‐shaped amplification curves of fluorescence signals. The assay's detection limit was 3.395 × 10−4 ng/μL genomic DNA or 3.21 CFU/mL pure bacterial culture. Furthermore, the target bacteria of 8.5 × 105–8.5 × 100 CFU/mL could be accurately detected in spiked milk samples, and the overall detection process could be completed within 40 min. This method improved the accuracy and convenience for S. aureus detection and provied a dependable tool for the rapid screening of S. aureus.
Development of multilayer films based on PLA/PBAT and sodium alginate for active packaging
Authors: Yutong Chen , Yana Li 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn this study, polylactic acid (PLA) and polyadipic acid/butylene terephthalate (PBAT) blend polymer were used as matrix to prepare PLA/PBAT substrate film by twin‐screw extruder. A series of multilayer films were prepared by starch‐based adhesive by loading 1% chitosan (CS), 1% zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) or 1% silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with sodium alginate (SA) as three different coatings. Compared with PLA/PBAT, the combination of adhesive and SA‐based antibacterial coating significantly improved the water vapor barrier, oxygen barrier and mechanical properties of the film, regardless of the type of antibacterial agent. The water vapor transmission of SA‐based AgNPs coating film decreased from the original 5.77 × 10−14 to 3.41 × 10−14 g·cm·cm−2·Pa−1·s−1. The oxygen permeability of SA‐based chitosan coating decreased from the original 74.35 × 10−14 to 6.40 × 10−14 cm3·cm·cm−2·Pa−1·s−1. The tensile strength of the SA‐based AgNPs coating film increased from the original 264.79 to 286.22 MPa. The film is yellow and has good ultraviolet absorption capacity. Membranes doped with CS, ZnONPs or AgNPs inhibited the growth of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Among them, chitosan doped membrane has weak antibacterial activity, AgNPs doped membrane has the best antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus, and has potential application prospects in active packaging.
Surface passivation and functionalisation for mass photometry
Authors: Sülzle Jenny , Elfeky Laila , Manley Suliana 
Published: April 2024

AbstractInterferometric scattering (iSCAT) microscopy enables the label‐free observation of biomolecules. Consequently, single‐particle imaging and tracking with the iSCAT‐based method known as mass photometry (MP) is a growing area of study. However, establishing reliable cover glass passivation and functionalisation methods is crucial to reduce nonspecific binding and prepare surfaces for in vitro single‐molecule binding experiments. Existing protocols for fluorescence microscopy can contain strongly scattering or mobile components, which make them impractical for MP‐based microscopy. In this study, we characterise several different surface coatings using MP. We present approaches for cover glass passivation using 3‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) and polyethylene glycol (PEG, 2k) along with functionalisation via a maleimide‐thiol linker. These coatings are compatible with water or salt buffers, and show low background scattering; thus, we are able to measure proteins as small as 60 kDa. In this technical note, we offer a surface preparation suitable for in vitro experiments with MP.
Structure and scaling of the middle ear in domestic dog breeds
Authors: Mason Matthew J. , Lewis Madaleine A. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAlthough domestic dogs vary considerably in both body size and skull morphology, behavioural audiograms have previously been found to be similar in breeds as distinct as a Chihuahua and a St Bernard. In this study, we created micro‐CT reconstructions of the middle ears and bony labyrinths from the skulls of 17 dog breeds, including both Chihuahua and St Bernard, plus a mongrel and a wolf. From these reconstructions, we measured middle ear cavity and ossicular volumes, eardrum and stapes footplate areas and bony labyrinth volumes. All of these ear structures scaled with skull size with negative allometry and generally correlated better with condylobasal length than with maximum or interaural skull widths. Larger dogs have larger ear structures in absolute terms: the volume of the St Bernard's middle ear cavity was 14 times that of the Chihuahua. The middle and inner ears are otherwise very similar in morphology, the ossicular structure being particularly well‐conserved across breeds. The expectation that larger ear structures in larger dogs would translate into hearing ranges shifted towards lower frequencies is not consistent with the existing audiogram data. Assuming that the audiograms accurately reflect the hearing of the breeds in question, oversimplifications in existing models of middle ear function or limitations imposed by other parts of the auditory system may be responsible for this paradox.
Mortality in the neonatal intensive care setting: Do benchmarks tell the whole story?
Authors: Cain Madeleine‐Rose , de Waal Koert 
Published: April 2024

AimAustralian neonatal mortality data are collected and shared within collaborative networks. Individual unit outcomes are benchmarked between units and presented in quarterly or yearly reports. Low mortality is commonly interpreted as optimal performance. However, current collected data do not differentiate between death due to severe illness and death following treatment limitation. This study aims to explore the physiological condition immediately before death, and the proportion of deaths attributed to treatment limitation.MethodsThis retrospective single centre study of 100 consecutive deaths classified the physiological condition 12 h prior to death as stable or unstable using a clinical illness score based upon pH, oxygen saturation index, medications and blood product use. Documented discussions regarding expected outcomes and goals of management were reviewed for agreed upon treatment limitations and analysed against physiological stability.ResultsCauses of death were sepsis (n = 24), congenital anomalies (n = 20), extreme prematurity (n = 19), hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy (n = 18), intraventricular haemorrhage (n = 11) and other (n = 8). Forty‐eight infants were physiologically stable at 12 h before death. In infants classified as physiologically stable, 90% of deaths were in a scenario where palliative care was discussed and intensive care treatment was ceased. These deaths accounted for 43% of total mortality in our unit.ConclusionA large portion of mortality in our unit could be attributed to treatment limitations in physiologically stable infants with high risk of neurodevelopmental impairment. Our study emphasises the need to consider the physiological status around time of death for optimal benchmarking of mortality between neonatal units.
Donation barriers, enablers, patterns and predictors of milk bank donors in the United States and United Kingdom
Authors: dos Santos Bruna Gutierrez , Shenker Natalie , Weaver Gillian , Perrin Maryanne T. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPasteurised donor human milk is recommended for very low birthweight infants who do not have access to their mother's milk. Although the use of donor milk continues to increase, little is known about the donation experiences of milk bank donors. We aimed to describe and compare enablers, barriers and patterns of human milk donation and identify factors predicting donation volume in a convenience sample of approved milk bank donors in the United Kingdom and the United States. A cross‐sectional online survey was conducted from August 2022 to December 2022. Approved milk bank donors (n = 556) from three milk banks in the United States (n = 369, Mothers' Milk Bank of Florida, Mother's Milk Bank of North Texas and Northwest Mothers Milk Bank) and one milk bank in the United Kingdom (n = 187, Hearts Milk Bank) completed the survey. A substantial portion of donors in both settings reported participating in other forms of milk exchange (51% of U.S. donors vs. 39% of UK donors, p = 0.009). Top donation barriers reported in both settings were completing the serological screening and having enough space to store collected milk. Most donors started donating when their infant was 3 months old or older and reported donating mature milk. The most common source of information related to milk banking in each setting was the internet (United Kingdom–70% vs. United States ‐ 63%, p = 0.112). Variables that predicted lifetime donation volume differed between the United States and the United Kingdom, highlighting the importance of setting‐specific milk banking research.
Physicians' lifelong learning journeys: A narrative analysis of continuing professional development struggles
Authors: Allen Louise M. , Balmer Dorene , Varpio Lara 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIntroductionDespite tenacious efforts of continuing professional development (CPD) developers and educators, physician engagement in CPD is fraught with challenges. Research suggests that these educational interventions and the maintenance of professional competence systems that mandate them are often seen as impractical, decontextualized and check‐box activities by participants. This study explores physicians' learning post graduate medical education (GME) training across their CPD journey to understand how they (a) conceive of themselves as learners and (b) engage in lifelong learning across the course of their professional careers.MethodsUsing narrative inquiry and holistic narrative analysis situated within a social constructivist orientation, we carried out individual interviews with physicians from across a large children's hospital network including academic hospitals, community hospitals and primary care practices. Timelines and story arcs were used to support the narrative analysis's re‐storying.ResultsTwelve physicians from six different sub‐specialties were interviewed. We identified three noteworthy challenges as particularly salient across participants' re‐storied narratives: (i) train‐on‐a‐track to treading water, (ii) learning takes a backseat, and (iii) learning through foraging or hunting and gathering. Participants described significant change when transitioning from GME to CPD learning. While participants identified as learners, they described the disorienting impact of losing GME's formal supports and structures. They articulated that patient care trumped learning as their top priority. They lamented having limited insight into their learning needs (e.g. little feedback data) and so resorted to engaging in CPD activities that were readily at hand—but not necessarily relevant—and to finding learning resources that might not be formally recognised for CPD credit.ConclusionsPhysicians' learning journeys post‐GME are challenging, and the systems created to support that learning are ill equipped to meet the needs of physicians transitioning from GME to CPD. To encourage meaningful learning, the complex interplay of factors impeding CPD engagement should inform future innovations.
Qaddafi's Hidden History? The Libyan World Islamic Call Society's Editions and Translations of the Qur'an
Authors: Yakubovych Mykhaylo 
Published: April 2024

AbstractOne of the most important developments in modern Islamic missionary activism was the establishment in 1972 of the Libya‐based World Islamic Call Society (WICS, originally the Islamic Call Society) which acted as a leading think tank advocating Muslim unity and Pan‐Arabism throughout the Qaddafi era. Despite the severe challenges facing post‐revolutionary Libya, WICS remains active today, albeit with reduced global visibility. This article demonstrates the ways that WICS's endeavors in publishing were innovative in the Northern African Arabic context, notably when it comes to the al‐Muṣḥaf al‐Jamāhīriyya (1983) and the various Qur'an translations it produced, and argues that its activities are a neglected yet critical aspect of modern Islamic missionary endeavors at the nexus of Pan‐Islamism and Pan‐Arabism. Through exploring WICS's historical background, the individual actors affiliated with it, and its primary publishing projects, the current study sheds light on an overlooked chapter in modern Islamic missionary activity. It also explores the contextual factors that have influenced the success of its Qur'an translations beyond issues of religious identity, offering new insights into the intersection of politics and religion that underlie many modern translations of the Qur'an.
Rates of pulmonary vein reconnection at repeat ablation for recurrent atrial fibrillation and its impact on outcomes among females and males
Authors: Zhang Ruina , Malkani Kabir V. , Gabriels James K. , Reznik Elizabeth , Li Han A. , Mandler Ari G. , Qu Veronica , Ip James E. , Thomas George , Liu Christopher F. , Markowitz Steven M. , Lerman Bruce B , Cheung Jim W. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundSeveral studies have demonstrated that females have a higher risk of arrhythmia recurrence after pulmonary vein (PV) isolation for atrial fibrillation (AF). There are limited data on sex‐based differences in PV reconnection rates at repeat ablation. We aimed to investigate sex‐based differences in electrophysiological findings and atrial arrhythmia recurrence after repeat AF ablationMethodsWe conducted a retrospective study of 161 consecutive patients (32% female, age 65 ± 10 years) who underwent repeat AF ablation after index PV isolation between 2010 and 2022. Demographics, procedural characteristics and follow‐up data were collected. Recurrent atrial tachycardia (AT)/AF was defined as any atrial arrhythmia ≥30 s in duration.ResultsCompared to males, females tended to be older and had a significantly higher prevalence of prior valve surgery (10 vs. 2%; P = .03). At repeat ablation, PV reconnection was found in 119 (74%) patients. Males were more likely to have PV reconnection at repeat ablation compared to females (81 vs. 59%; P = .004). Excluding repeat PV isolation, there were no significant differences in adjunctive ablation strategies performed at repeat ablation between females and males. During follow‐up, there were no significant differences in freedom from AT/AF recurrence between females and males after repeat ablation (63 vs. 59% at 2 years, respectively; P = .48).ConclusionsAfter initial PV isolation, significantly fewer females have evidence of PV reconnection at the time of repeat ablation for recurrent AF. Despite this difference, long‐term freedom from AT/AF was similar between females and males after repeat ablation.
Flavin‐containing monooxygenases FMOGS‐OXs integrate flowering transition and salt tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Zhao Haiyan , Li Dong , Liu Yuqi , Zhang Tianqi , Zhao Xiaofei , Su Hongzhu , Li Jing 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSalt stress substantially leads to flowering delay. The regulation of salt‐induced late flowering has been studied at the transcriptional and protein levels; however, the involvement of secondary metabolites has rarely been investigated. Here, we report that FMOGS‐OXs (EC 1.14.13.237), the enzymes that catalyze the biosynthesis of glucosinolates (GSLs), promote flowering transition in Arabidopsis thaliana. It has been reported that WRKY75 is a positive regulator, and MAF4 is a negative regulator of flowering transition. The products of FMOGS‐OXs, methylsulfinylalkyl GSLs (MS GSLs), facilitate flowering by inducing WRKY75 and repressing the MAS‐MAF4 module. We further show that the degradation of MS GSLs is involved in salt‐induced late flowering and salt tolerance. Salt stress induces the expression of myrosinase genes, resulting in the degradation of MS GSLs, thereby relieving the promotion of WRKY75 and inhibition of MAF4, leading to delayed flowering. In addition, the degradation products derived from MS GSLs enhance salt tolerance. Previous studies have revealed that FMOGS‐OXs exhibit alternative catalytic activity to form trimethylamine N‐oxide (TMAO) under salt stress, which activates multiple stress‐related genes to promote salt tolerance. Therefore, FMOGS‐OXs integrate flowering transition and salt tolerance in various ways. Our study shed light on the functional diversity of GSLs and established a connection between flowering transition, salt resistance, and GSL metabolism.
Functional properties and skin care effects of sodium trehalose sulfate
Authors: Maeda Kazuhisa , Zhou Zheng , Guo Miao , Zhang Jinlong , Chen Lang , Yang Fan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundIt is known that heparinoid, a mucopolysaccharide polysulfate, is effective in improving rough skin and promoting blood circulation as medicines for diseased areas. However, heparinoid has a molecular weight of more than 5000 and cannot penetrate healthy stratum corneum.ObjectiveWe tested the efficacy of sulfated oligosaccharides with a molecular weight of less than 2000 on the human skin barrier function and moisturizing function.MethodsWe measured the transepidermal water loss (TEWL) of a three‐dimensional human epidermis model cultured for 3 days after topical application of sulfated oligosaccharides, then observed the effects on TEWL suppression. The mRNA levels of proteins involved in intercellular lipid transport and storage in the stratum corneum, and moisture retention were measured using RT‐qPCR.ResultsAn increase in the mRNA levels of the ATP‐binding cassette subfamily A member 12 (ABCA12), which transports lipids into stratum granulosum, was confirmed. Increases were also observed in the mRNA levels of filaggrin (FLG), which is involved in the generation of natural moisturizing factors, and of caspase‐14, calpain‐1 and bleomycin hydrolase, which are involved in the degradation of FLG. Antibody staining confirmed that the application of sodium trehalose sulfate to 3D model skin resulted in more ABCA12, ceramide, transglutaminase1, and FLG than those in controls. In a randomized, placebo‐controlled, double‐blind study, participants with low stratum corneum water content applied a lotion and emulsion containing sodium trehalose sulfate to their faces for 4 weeks. Sodium trehalose sulfate decreased the TEWL and increased the stratum corneum water content.ConclusionThese results suggest that cosmetics containing sodium trehalose sulfate act on the epidermis by increasing barrier factors and moisturizing factors, thereby ameliorating dry skin.
Maternal tadalafil treatment does not increase uterine artery blood flow or oxygen delivery in the pregnant ewe
Authors: Darby Jack R. T. , Flouri Dimitra , Cho Steven K. S. , Williams Georgia K. , Holman Stacey L. , Meakin Ashley S. , Wiese Michael D. , David Anna L. , Macgowan Christopher K. , Seed Mike , Melbourne Andrew , Morrison Janna L. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIncreasing placental perfusion (PP) could improve outcomes of growth‐restricted fetuses. One way of increasing PP may be by using phosphodiesterase (PDE)‐5 inhibitors, which induce vasodilatation of vascular beds. We used a combination of clinically relevant magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques to characterize the impact that tadalafil infusion has on maternal, placental and fetal circulations. At 116–117 days’ gestational age (dGA; term, 150 days), pregnant ewes (n = 6) underwent fetal catheterization surgery. At 120–123 dGA ewes were anaesthetized and MRI scans were performed during three acquisition windows: a basal state and then ∼15–75 min (TAD 1) and ∼75–135 min (TAD 2) post maternal administration (24 mg; intravenous bolus) of tadalafil. Phase contrast MRI and T2 oximetry were used to measure blood flow and oxygen delivery. Placental diffusion and PP were assessed using the Diffusion‐Relaxation Combined Imaging for Detailed Placental Evaluation—‘DECIDE’ technique. Uterine artery (UtA) blood flow when normalized to maternal left ventricular cardiac output (LVCO) was reduced in both TAD periods. DECIDE imaging found no impact of tadalafil on placental diffusivity or fetoplacental blood volume fraction. Maternal‐placental blood volume fraction was increased in the TAD 2 period. Fetal and were not affected by maternal tadalafil administration. Maternal tadalafil administration did not increase UtA blood flow and thus may not be an effective vasodilator at the level of the UtAs. The increased maternal–placental blood volume fraction may indicate local vasodilatation of the maternal intervillous space, which may have compensated for the reduced proportion of UtA .