bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The design of simulation studies in medical statistics
Authors: Burton Andrea , Altman Douglas G. , Royston Patrick , Holder Roger L. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractSimulation studies use computer intensive procedures to assess the performance of a variety of statistical methods in relation to a known truth. Such evaluation cannot be achieved with studies of real data alone. Designing high‐quality simulations that reflect the complex situations seen in practice, such as in prognostic factors studies, is not a simple process. Unfortunately, very few published simulation studies provide sufficient details to allow readers to understand fully all the processes required to design a simulation study. When planning a simulation study, it is recommended that a detailed protocol be produced, giving full details of how the study will be performed, analysed and reported. This paper details the important considerations necessary when designing any simulation study, including defining specific objectives of the study, determining the procedures for generating the data sets and the number of simulations to perform. A checklist highlighting the important considerations when designing a simulation study is provided. A small review of the literature identifies the current practices within published simulation studies. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Infant mice with glutaric acidaemia type I have increased vulnerability to 3‐nitropropionic acid toxicity
Authors: Bjugstad K. B. , Crnic L. S. , Goodman S. I. , Freed C. R. 
Published: August 2006

SummaryGlutaric acidaemia type I (GA I) is an inborn error of metabolism caused by a deficiency of glutaryl‐CoA dehydrogenase (GCDH) and is characterized clinically by striatal degeneration that almost always occurs in early childhood. A murine knockout model of GA I has the organic aciduria seen in the human disorder, but this model does not develop striatal degeneration spontaneously. 3‐Nitropropionic acid (3NP), a succinic dehydrogenase inhibitor with specificity for the striatum, was investigated as a potential initiator of striatal degeneration in GCDH‐deficient mice. This study shows that GCDH‐deficient mouse pups are more susceptible to 3NP than their wild‐type littermates, and that all mouse pups are more sensitive to 3NP as infants than as adolescents and adults. Increased sensitivity to 3NP early in life may model the developmental window for the striatal damage observed in human GA I.
Sleep disturbances in aspartylglucosaminuria (AGU): A questionnaire study
Authors: Lindblom Niki , Kivinen Satu , Heiskala Hannu , Laakso Maija‐Liisa , Kaski Markus 
Published: August 2006

SummarySleep disturbances are common in many progressive metabolic encephalopathies. The possible presence of disturbed sleep–wake behaviour in the lysosomal storage disorder aspartylglucosaminuria, has not been previously studied, however. The sleep–wake behaviour of 81 patients with aspartylglucosaminuria (AGU, age 3–55 years, median 22 years; 42 female and 39 male) and 49 controls (age 2–57 years, median 18 years; 25 female and 24 male) was assessed through a postal survey. A slightly modified version of the validated Basic Nordic Sleep Questionnaire was used. Fifty‐eight per cent of the AGU patients were reported to suffer daily from a sleep‐related problem (controls 31%, p < 0.01). In AGU adults (age >17 years) and children (age ≤17 years), the corresponding figures were 52% and 61%, respectively (control children 22%, p < 0.05 and control adults 38%, p = 0.06). In AGU children, settling difficulties were reported to occur significantly more commonly than in control children. Children with AGU were also reported to snore more often than were the controls. Adults with this disorder were found to suffer from severely fragmented night‐time sleep, which was experienced as highly distressing by the parents and other caregivers. A long night sleep period was reported to be common in the ageing AGU patients (AGU 9.5 ± 1.7 vs controls 7.2 ± 1.0 h, mean ± SD, p < 0.001). Parents and caregivers also often complained about disturbing movements during sleep in AGU patients. In conclusion, both children and adults with aspartylglucosaminuria were reported to display several types of sleep disturbances significantly more commonly than healthy controls.
Media Reviews
Authors: Van Hoover Cheri 
Published: August 2006

Editor's Note: The challenges faced by the midwife in our modern world seem to be of constantly increasing intensity and complexity. Our society's reliance on technology influences the choices women make regarding their lives and bodies. Midwives find themselves being with women in the face of skyrocketing cesarean section rates, surging popularity of epidural anesthesia, widespread use of mood‐altering medications, and acceptance of cosmetic procedures as gynecologic office routines. These trends can sometimes seem overwhelming to health care providers whose professional identity is rooted in dedication to helping women discover their own strength and make healthy choices and whose philosophical orientation is toward the preservation of normalcy.In this issue of the Journal we offer three reviews, which we hope will help remind us who we are, where we come from, and what we have to offer to the women we serve. The wise voice of Justine Siegemund speaks across the centuries directly to our hearts about her life, her struggles, and her dedication to our profession. We discover a nearly forgotten cadre of colleagues, the highly educated Japanese–American midwives who practiced in the United States from 1880 to 1950. And finally, we are given a gift of practical skills that we can use in our daily work, even as we acknowledge the facts of birth as it currently exists in the United States. These powerful books help us to realize that we cannot create the world to our desires in this or any other age, but we can persevere and serve and continue to make a difference for the future, just as our sisters did for us in the past.
The Effect of Humorous and Musical Distraction on Preoperative Anxiety
Authors: Gaberson Kathleen B. 
Published: August 2006

ABSTRACTThis study investigated the effect of humorous and musical distraction on preoperative anxiety among 46 patients scheduled for same day, elective, nondiagnostic surgery. Preoperative anxiety was measured with a horizontal visual analog scale after treatment group subjects listened to either a humorous audiotape or a tranquil music audiotape for 20 minutes and control group subjects received no intervention. Results show no significant difference between the group anxiety means. This study provides no evidence that humor or music decreases preoperative anxiety, but it also shows no evidence that perioperative nurses should avoid using humor or music as nursing interventions. AORN J 62 (Nov 1995) 784‐791.
Developing Critical Pathways for the Operating Room
Authors: Wieczorek Patricia 
Published: August 2006

ABSTRACTCase management and managed care systems are emerging in the 1990s as ways to deliver quality, cost‐effective patient care. The essential tool of managed care systems is a critical pathway, which is developed through the collaboration of health care team members. The critical pathway is an abbreviated version of the patient's hospital course according to his or her medical diagnosis or case type and it allows health care team members to continually evaluate the patient's care. It has helped team members at Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, identify more effective and cost‐efficient ways to deliver patient care. AORN J 62 (Dec 1995) 925‐929.
Perioperative Nurses' Involvement on Nursing Ethics Committees
Authors: Schroeter Kathryn 
Published: August 2006

ABSTRACTEthics issues in health care are evolving constantly; however, perioperative nurses often feel unprepared or unqualified to deal with aspects of ethical decision making. Through involvement as members of a nursing ethics committee, perioperative nurses can obtain the knowledge and skills necessary to assist patients and peers in ethical decision making. Participation on nursing ethics committees improves perioperative nurses' levels of moral reasoning, enhances their ethical decision‐making and patient advocacy skills, and increases their professional satisfaction. AORN J 64 (Oct 1996) 588–596.
Pediatric Fibromatosis Requiring Mandibular Resection and Reconstruction
Authors: Steuer Katie 
Published: August 2006

ABSTRACTFibromatosis is the nonmalignant proliferation of fibroblasts that aggressively invade adjacent tissues. The cause of this abundant growth is unknown. When fibromatosis develops in the mandible or adjoining tissues, its aggressive growth can compress the trachea and cause death. Resection is the treatment of choice. Mandibular reconstruction is performed to prevent displacement of the remaining mandibular segment or segments and consequent difficulties in eating and speaking. Perioperative nurses who care for children with oral or paraoral fibromatoses must understand the special physical and psychological needs of these patients to effectively plan their care. AORN J 62 (Aug 1995) 212‐226.
Evaluating a Revised Self‐efficacy Scale for Preoperative Patients
Authors: Oetker‐Black Sharon L. , Kauth Charistine 
Published: August 2006

ABSTRACTNurses conduct preoperative teaching to help patients cope with the adversities of surgery. Self‐efficacy can predict an individual's behavior in aversive situations (eg, surgery); therefore, assessing patients' self‐efficacy is one way perioperative nurses can plan patient care and help patients through the surgical experience. This study expands on the results of a previous evaluation of a preoperative selfefficacy scale. The content and face validity of the revised 15‐item scale used in this study were assessed before the instrument was administered to preoperative patients. Evidence supports the validity of the multidimensional instrument. Internal consistency estimates >.84 support the subscales' reliability. AORN J 62 (Aug 1995) 244‐250.
Outcomes Research on One Continuing Education Activity
Authors: Brazen Linda 
Published: August 2006

ABSTRACTOutcomes evaluation research on continuing education (CE) is virtually unexplored in the perioperative and general nursing literature. This outcomes evaluation research study explored whether participants changed their practice behaviors after participation in a one‐day CE activity (eg, used knowledge gained, consistently performed new skills, integrated new values into their practices). One hundred seventy‐one attendees participated. Data analysis revealed that behaviors and practices did change as a result of attending the CE activity. Participants reported that the organizations, settings, or departments in which they were employed and their peers were challenges to their use of CE in practice. AORN J 62 (July 1995) 92–100.
Implementing a Parent‐Present Induction Program
Authors: LaRosa‐Nash Patricia A. , Murphy Jane M. , Wade Loretta A. , Clasby Laura L. 
Published: August 2006

ABSTRACTOne of the greatest fears of children undergoing surgery is separation from their parents. Children for whom preoperative sedation is contraindicated often endure the distress of this separation and the beginning of anesthesia surrounded by masked strangers. Those who receive sedation often experience the invasiveness of a medication administered rectally or intramuscularly or the insertion of an IV line. Until recently, the doors to the operating room remained closed to family members. Like other hospitals throughout the country, however, Children's Hospital in Boston has responded to the concerns of parents and staff members by implementing a parent‐present anesthesia induction program. As a result, the surgical experience for many children and families has changed significantly for the better. AORN J 61 (March 1995) 526–531.
Development of a Perioperative Nursing Diagnoses Flow Sheet
Authors: Null Sandra , Richter‐Abt Diane , Kovac Jane 
Published: August 2006

ABSTRACTTraditionally, health care professionals in the preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative phases of care have used perioperative records that focus on the technical aspects of the care provided (eg, blood pressure, pulse measurements; equipment used) and leave room for only short narratives to document nursing care. Such formats often do not document the multitude of activities or interventions perioperative nurses provide. The question raised at the DePaul Health Center, St Louis, was: “Where do we document our nursing diagnoses and plan of care?” The response was to create a nursing diagnosis task force that investigated the feasibility of a form professional nurses could use in all phases of patient care. This investigation led to the development, implementation, and universal use of a perioperative nursing diagnoses flow sheet within the surgical services department. AORN J 61 (March 95) 547–557.
Small Bowel Transplantation
Authors: Brumm Judith , Crim Barbara J. , Scott Corinne , Arms Melissa 
Published: August 2006

ABSTRACTSmall bowel transplantation (SBT) presents a formidable challenge to perioperative nurses. Patients who survive these procedures have difficult postoperative courses with lengthy intensive care stays. They also are at significant risk for graft rejection and long‐term immunosuppression complications. The option for SBT is reserved for patients who other wise face the prospect of lifelong total parenteral nutrition (TPN). Advances in donor and recipient surgical techniques and improvements in immunosuppressive therapies have raised hopes that patients with intestinal failures who undergo SBT procedures will be allowed to resume full oral nutrition and independence from TPN. AORN J 61 (June 1995) 995‐1014.
Barrier Protection and Latex Allergy Associated with Surgical Gloves
Authors: Korniewics Denise M. , Kelly Kevin J. 
Published: August 2006

ABSTRACTLatex continues to be the material of choice for surgical gloves because it is resealable and flexible, and it maintains the wearer's tactile sensitivity. The use of latex gloves for barrier protection may need to be reevaluated in light of the increasing number of individuals who are sensitive to latex. Hospital personnel can use low‐allergen gloves or nonlatex gloves when caring for patients with known sensitivity to latex; however, only nonlatex gloves may be effective at reducing or preventing anaphylactic reactions. Health care facilities must develop policies and procedures for dealing with latex‐sensitive patients and health care workers. AORN J 61 (June 1995) 1037–1044.
Reducing Employee Back Injuries in the Perioperative Setting
Authors: Garb James R. , Dockery Christopher A. 
Published: August 2006

ABSTRACTAn ergonomic consultant conducted an evaluation of a 14‐room surgical suite that had a high rate of employee back injuries. The consultant made five specific recommendations regarding moving patients, maneuvering carts and equipment, using gallbladder boards, walking on wet floors, and accessing power outlets. Most of the recommendations were implemented and well received. Eighteen months after the implementation of the consultant's recommendations, there was a 25% reduction in the number of back injuries among the OR staff members. AORN J 61 (June 1995) 1046–1052.
How One Chapter Successfully Created a Nursing Research Committee
Authors: Yandrich Terry J. , McDermott Dana , Hensell Mary Grace 
Published: August 2006

ABSTRACTEstablishing a chapter nursing research committee can be a difficult task. Many perioperative nurses have not been exposed to research in their basic nursing programs or received graduate preparation in nursing research. This lack of exposure may result in disinterest in nursing research topics. This article explains how AORN of Pittsburgh established a successful nursing research committee. The committee's process of development and its achievements can be used as a guide for other local chapters that may be struggling with similar issues. AORN J 61 (June 1995) 1062–1066.
TIMP-3 inhibits the procollagen N-proteinase ADAMTS-2
Authors: Wang Wei-Man , Ge Gaoxiang , Lim N. H. , Nagase Hideaki , Greenspan Daniel S. 
Published: August 2006

ADAMTS-2 is an extracellular metalloproteinase responsible for cleaving the N-propeptides of procollagens I–III; an activity necessary for the formation of collagenous ECM (extracellular matrix). The four TIMPs (tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases) regulate the activities of matrix metalloproteinases, which are involved in degrading ECM components. Here we delineate the abilities of the TIMPs to affect biosynthetic processing of procollagens. TIMP-1, -2 and -4 show no inhibitory activity towards ADAMTS-2, in addition none of the TIMPs showed inhibitory activity towards bone morphogenetic protein 1, which is responsible for cleaving procollagen C-propeptides. In contrast, TIMP-3 is demonstrated to inhibit ADAMTS-2 in vitro with apparent Ki values of 160 and 602 nM, in the presence of heparin or without respectively; and TIMP-3 is shown to inhibit procollagen processing by cells.
Evolution of pulmonary surfactants for the treatment of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome and paediatric lung diseases
Authors: Mazela Jan , Merritt T. Allen , Gadzinowski Janusz , Sinha Sunil 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThis review documents the evolution of surfactant therapy, beginning with observations of surfactant deficiency in respiratory distress syndrome, the basis of exogenous surfactant treatment and the development of surfactant‐containing novel peptides patterned after SP‐B. We critically analyse the molecular interactions of surfactant proteins and phospholipids contributing to surfactant function. Conclusion: Peptide‐containing surfactant provides clinical efficacy in the treatment of respiratory distress syndrome and offers promise for treating other lung diseases in infancy.
Thromboprophylaxis of central venous lines in children with cancer: The first steps taken on the long road ahead
Authors: Massicotte Patricia , Mitchell Lesley 
Published: August 2006

AbstractApproximately one third of children with malignancy and central venous lines develop catheter‐related thrombosis, with the reported sequelae including death, pulmonary embolism, chylothoraces, superior vena cava syndrome and post‐thrombotic syndrome. These complications prompt the design and completion of randomized, controlled trials to determine a safe and efficacious therapy to prevent these thromboses. The authors Ruud et al. have presented a well‐designed, randomized, controlled trial which demonstrates the lack of utility of using low‐dose warfarin to prevent catheter‐related thrombosis in children with central lines and acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. The difficulties with warfarin in children are again demonstrated in this study. Conclusion: Further studies are warranted using other thromboprophylactic agents with less or no monitoring and fewer drug interactions, including the newer anticoagulant agents such as direct thrombin inhibitors.
Battle of Systems: Learning from Erstwhile Gas–Electricity and Telegraph–Telephone Battles
Authors: Sawhney Harmeet , Wang Xiaofei 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
This paper seeks to understand how the possibility of a complementary relationship or its lack impacts dynamics of competition between two competing network technologies. It examines the cases of gas–electricity and telegraph–telephone competition. The two case studies suggest that the degree of complementarity greatly shapes the dynamics of competition between an entrenched network technology and a new competitor. When there is little scope for a complementary relationship, as in the case of the gas–electricity battle, the strategists for the new technology have to subvert the old system and build a new one on its ashes since there is little chance of coexistence. On the other hand, the possibility of a complementary relationship, as in the case of the telegraph–telephone battle, allows for the emergence of complex situations marked by coexistence interwoven with competition. These compromise positions, invariably involving re‐negotiation of boundaries, are tempting resting spots for battle weary contestants. As the relationship between the old and the new system evolves, the nature of the complementary relationship changes, especially in the relative power of the two systems, and even if eventually the old system fades away the process is a long and gradual one.
Changing Science: The Advent of Neo‐liberalism
Authors: Nedeva Maria , Boden Rebecca 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
This paper provides a detailed analysis of the change process of academic science. The change pressures currently visible in UK science have been conceptualised as the product of three interdependent dynamics: a shift towards neo‐liberal ideologies and discourses of government; a process of reconstitution of the relationship between government and science; and the resulting reshaping of science itself. Focusing on the universities and academic science, we argue that this process of transformation has adverse consequences the end result of which may be a loss of capacity within the science system to maintain knowledge bases.
Media Diversity and Cross‐Media Regulation
Authors: Papandrea Franco 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
Proposed changes to the Australian cross‐media regulation prohibiting common ownership of commercial free‐to‐air television and radio services and daily newspapers in the same market and their likely impact on diversity of opinion are evaluated in this paper. The analysis indicates that the replacement of the cross‐media rules with a minimum number of voices rule will lead to increased concentration of main media and reduced diversity. There is little evidence that the Internet and other new media are significantly displacing traditional media as independent sources of opinion in the domestic market. Also, the proposed number of voices rule is assessed as a largely ineffective and inefficient regulation. Consequently, the paper concludes that while abolition of the cross‐media rules might be an appropriate objective in the longer term, the proposed changes are likely to have undesirable effects on diversity of opinion in the immediate future.
Engineering Organization and the Scientist in World War I: The Search for National Service and Recognition
Authors: Pursell Carroll 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
When the United States entered World War I in 1917, there was no elaborate framework for providing scientific advice to the government. Engineers and scientists struggled to find an appropriate mechanism, but the former found themselves subordinated to a scientific community which sought to dominate emerging structures. At stake was not merely the credit for helping win the war, but also an advantage in the coming postwar definition and expansion of industrial research. Scientific leaders sought advantage by making a distinction between ‘engineering research’ and engineering practice, and claiming jurisdiction over the former.