bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human papilloma viruses: a study of their prevalence in the normal larynx
Authors: Nunez Desmond A. , Astley Siân M. , Lewis Fraser A. , Wells Michael 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe association of human papilloma viruses (HPV) with laryngopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma is under investigation. The suitability of control tissue in the reported series, invariably obtained from histologically normal tissue adjacent to a squamous cell carcinoma or from patients with benign laryngopharyngeal disease, is questionable. The present study determined the prevalence of HPV in a series of normal larynges.Twelve autopsy larynges were collected. DNA was obtained by SDS proteinase K digestion. Evidence of HPV infection was documented by the polymerase chain reaction using oligonulceotide primers complementary to sequences in the E6 region of HPV types 11, 16 and 18.Four female and eight male larynges, mean age 65 years (sd=16 years) were collected 72 hours postmortem (median value). HPV type 11 was isolated from three specimens. A 25 per cent prevalence rate for HPV 11 was found. No other HPV types were isolated.
Primary amyloidosis of the larynx
Authors: Bennett J. D. C. , Chowdhury C. R. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe history, examination and operative findings of primary amyloidosis of the larynx are very suggestive of carcinoma, indicating the need for careful histological examination. Staining with Congo red shows a characteristic birefringence. Systemic amyloidosis may be present
Management of middle ear myoclonus
Authors: Badia Lydis , Parikh Abhi , Brookes Gerald B. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractTinnitus produced by synchronous repetitive contraction of the middle ear muscles (middle ear myoclonus) is a rare condition.We present six cases of middle ear myoclonus in whom different management regimes were successful. In two patients, the tinnitus was controlled by conservative measures. In one patient, whose tinnitus was associated with blepharospasm, significant improvement occurred following botulinum toxin injection into the ipsilateral orbicularis oculi. Three patients were cured by tympanotomy with stapedial and tensor tympani tendon section.The aetiology of this type of myoclonus remains unclear. The diagnosis is based on the history of involuntary and rhythmic clicking or buzzing tinnitus which is invariably unilateral. The primary differential diagnosis is palatal myoclonus whilst other local aural pathologies must be excluded by careful clinical assessment. Surgical section of these muscles via tympanotomy brings guaranteed relief when conservative measures fail.
Negative ANCA in Wegener's granulomatosis
Authors: Carrie S. , Hughes K. B. , Watson M. G. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractWegener's granulomatosis is a systemic vasculitis characterized by necrotizing granulomata and without treatment is associated with a poor prognosis. Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) have proved to be a useful serological marker allowing for early diagnosis and treatment of this condition. We report two cases of patients who were ANCA-negative on presentation despite clinical suspicion of Wegener's granulomatosis. In both cases the patients developed a positive ANCA titre as the disease progressed.
Cervical necrotizing fasciitis and tonsillitis
Authors: Scott P. M. J. , Dhillion R. S. , McDonald P. J. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractWe present a case of cervical necrotizing fasciitis following quinsy in a previously fit and healthy man. This is a potentially fatal condition with few specific clinical signs that requires early diagnosis and surgical debridement. Other features of the disease are discussed.
Post-irradiation carcinosarcoma of the parotid gland
Authors: Spraggs P. D. R. , Rose D. S. C. , Grant H. R. , Gallimore A. P. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractCarcinosarcoma of the salivary glands are rare tumours, often associated with a history of pleomorphic adenoma. A case of carcinosarcoma of the parotid arising following irradiation to the resection site of a pleomorphic adenoma is presented. The clinical and histological features are discussed and the literature reviewed.
Pleomorphic adenoma of parotid gland with cystic degeneration
Authors: Nishimura Toshiro , Furukawa Mitsuru , Kawahara Ei 
Published: November 2007

AbstractPleomorphic adenoma is the most common tumour to arise in the parotid gland. Diagnosis becomes difficult when such a tumour undergoes degeneration and presents with unusual findings. This can lead to erroneous decisions concerning treatment. We present two patients with pleomorphic adenoma of the parotid gland with cystic degeneration, describe the pathological findings and discuss some pitfalls in diagnosis and treatment. Both patients recovered uneventfully after surgery.
Day-case adenoidectomy, parental opinions and concerns
Authors: Callanan Vincent , Capper Ruth , Gurr Paul , Baldwin David L. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractDay-case surgery has been urged on the National Health Service by the Audit Commission in the last decade despite concerns about safety. A questionnaire was posted to the parents of 109 children who had recently undergone day-case adenoidectomy, addressing parental concerns and opinions. Eighty per cent of the questionnaires were returned. A high level of satisfaction with day-case adenoidectomy was expressed by the parents. All the children were observed for six hours after surgery prior to discharge. One child was visited at home by his general practitioner in the first 24 hours of discharge but there were no serious post-operative complications and none of the children required re-admission to hospital. Day-case adenoidectomy is safe, very acceptable to parents and does not result in a greatly increased workload for general practitioners.
Surgical emphysema: a novel complication of aural exostosis surgery
Authors: von Bluementhal Hubertus , Fisher Edward W. , Adlam David M. , Moffat David A. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractWe present the case of a 40-year-old male Caucasian patient who developed surgical emphysema of the neck five weeks after surgery for exostoses of the external auditory canal. Imaging of the temporal bone demonstrated that the surgery had resulted in entry into the temporomandibular joint. A mechanism is proposed for this novel complication.
Pseudosarcoma of the larynx: the value of ploidy analysis
Authors: Cassidy Michael , Maher Michael , Keogh Peader , Leader Mary 
Published: November 2007

AbstractAn 82-year-old male presented with a two-month history of hoarseness. A 2 cm pedunculated lesion was removed from the base of his epiglottis. Microscopy showed a polypoid atypical spindle cell lesion. Multiple levels failed to reveal an invasive squamous cell carcinoma. On the basis of haematozylin and eosin stained sections the main differential diagnosis was a pseudosarcoma with an overlying dysplastic squamous mucosa or infiltrating spindle cell carcinoma. Immunohistochemistry showed positive staining for vimentin but no convincing staining with antibodies to cytokeratin and EMA. Ultrastructural analysis also failed to reveal epithelial characteristics. Ploidy analysis by static cytophotometry of the spindle cell proliferation revealed an aneuploid stem line with a DNA index of 1.67. On the basis of this the process was felt unlikely to be reactive and a diagnosis of a spindle cell squamous carcinoma was made. This diagnosis was subsequently supported by a clinical recurrence of the nodule at a six-month follow-up.
Facial nerve monitoring in skull base surgery
Authors: Magliulo Giuseppe , Petti Roberto , Vingolo Gianluca Maria , Cristofari Piera , Ronzoni Roberta 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe purpose of this work was to compare pre- and post-operative facial nerve function between unmonitored and monitored cases of skull base lesions. The study involved 32 patients suffering from lateral skull base tumours (10 unmonitored and 22 monitored). Facial nerve function was monitored intraoperatively by an acoustic facial electromyographic system (NIM-2). Post-operative facial function was graded according to the House-Brackmann scale. In the group of monitored cases, facial nerve function was normal (Grade 1 or 2) in 79 per cent of the patients, while the unmonitored patients showed normal function in only 50 per cent of the cases.These results confirm previous observations that audible evoked electromyographic monitoring significantly reduces permanent facial nerve dysfunction.
A case of vascular leiomyoma of the larynx
Authors: Hirakawa K. , Harada Y. , Tatsukawa T. , Nagasawa A. , Fujii M. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractWe present a 68-year-old woman with a vascular leiomyoma of the larynx, a benign tumour that rarely involves that organ. Chief complaints were a feeling of a narrowing of the pharynx and difficulty in breathing in the supine position. A spherical tumour measuring 1.5 cm and covered with normal mucosa was found avthe margin of her epiglottis. The patient was administered a general anaesthetic and the tumour was successfully removed via direct laryngoscopy. Histological examination revealed that the tumour lay beneath a layer of stratified squamous epithelium and was encased in a welldefined fibrous capsule. The tumour parenchyma was composed of proliferated fibres that consisted of elongated cells, surrounded by an abundance of blood vessels. Its complete removal is the treatment of choice with care taken to avoid profuse bleeding. Recurrence is rare.
Glomus tympanicum chemodectoma: unusual radiological findings
Authors: Alshaikhly Abduljabbar , Hamid Abdalla M. , Azadeh Bahram 
Published: November 2007

AbstractA 64-year-old Qatari female, with a one-year history of right otorrhoea and deafness, had a reddish-white mass projecting into the right ear canal, through the tympanic membrane, that proved histopathologically to be a paraganglioma. Computerized tomography (CT) of the temporal bones showed extensive destruction of the right mastoid bone, the posterior ear canal wall, and the sinus plate, with total disruption of the ossicles, simulating a malignant tumour, which is unusual for a middle ear paraganglioma.
The aetiology of lateral cervical (branchial) cysts: past and present theories
Authors: Golledge Jonathan , Ellis Harold 
Published: November 2007

AbstractFour theories have been suggested to explain the aetiology of lateral cervical cysts. Ascherson (1832) suggested that the cysts arose due to incomplete obliteration of branchial cleft mucosa, which remained dormant until stimulated to grow later in life. His (1886) suggested these cysts were vestiges of the precervical sinus. Wenglowski (1912) believed lateral cervical cysts developed from the third pharyngeal pouch (thymopharyngeal duct).A number of investigators during the 19th century noted the close relationship between lateral cervical cysts and lymphoid tissue (Lucke, 1861). Luschka (1848) suggested that cystic degeneration of cervical lymph nodes was the mechanism by which lateral cervical cysts were formed. This theory received little support until King (1949) studied the histology of a large number of lateral cervical cysts and concluded that these cysts resulted from cystic transformation of cervical lymph nodes.The evidence for and against these theories of aetiology is discussed. The debate is centred on a study of 20 patients with lateral cervical cysts operated on in the Department of Otolaryngology, Bedford Hospital, between January 1986 and December 1991. In all twenty cases the wall of the cyst was found to be composed of lymphoid tissue, histologically identical to that present in lymph nodes. The mean age of presentation was 31 years, and in no case was a tract or cord found which connected the cyst to the skin or pharynx.The evidence strongly suggests that lateral cervical cysts develop from the cystic transformation of cervical lymph nodes. Mechanisms by which this may occur are discussed.
The Provox™ voice prosthesis andCandida albicansgrowth: a preliminary report of clinical, mycological and scanning electron microscopic assessment
Authors: Natarajan B. , Richardson M. D. , Irvine B. W. H. , Thomas M. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractProvox™ voice prostheses are low-resistance speech valves available since 1990 for post-laryngectomy voice rehabilitation.Candida spp. mycelial growth has always been a major problem in all prosthetic valves causing leakage and limiting valve life. We found that the Provox™ new valves were not exempt from the old problem. We performed a preliminary clinical, mycological and scanning electron microscopic assessment ofCandida spp. growth on these valves. In contrast to studies done with other valves we found that theCandidamycelium on these new valves was a surface colony rather than growing into the valve substance, thus it might be feasible to control the mycelial growth by either mechanical cleansing or by using topical anti-fungal agents.
Metastatic adenocarcinoma of the temporal bone
Authors: Kedjanyi W. K. , Bath A. P. , Ball R. Y. , Hosni A. A. , Wickstead M. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractMetastatic carcinoma involving the temporal bone is extremely rare. A case is reported with an unusual presentation – recurrent episodes of acute mastoiditis. Mastoid exploration and biopsy established the diagnosis. We believe this to be the first reported case to present in this manner.
Removal of nasal foreign bodies with a Fogarty biliary balloon catheter
Authors: Nandapalan V. , McIlwain J. C. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractTwenty-five children with a range of nasal foreign bodies, which were not easily amenable to anterior instrumental extraction, were considered for this study. These foreign bodies were removed by the use of a Fogarty biliary balloon catheter (Intimax) successfully in 23 children. In two children no foreign body was found. None of the children had any complications.This is a safe procedure which can be performed as an out-patient. Whilst the cost of the catheter may appear expensive, in comparison to the cost of admission for removal of similarly sited foreign bodies under general anaesthesia, the catheter fares favourably.
Bismuth subgallate: a safe means to a faster adeno—tonsillectomy
Authors: Wormald P. J. , Sellars S. L. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractTonsillectomy, with or without adenoidectomy, is one of the most commonly performed surgical procedures and as such contributes significantly to the surgery performed by GPs and ENT surgeons. In this randomized controlled study we compared the use of a compound bismuth subgallate (BSG) during adeno-tonsillectomy with the standard operations.Two hundred and two tonsillectomies were randomized into two groups. BSG was used in 90 patients while the other 112 patients were used as controls. The mean operating time was reduced from 11.5 to 9.9 minutes, the number of swabs from 4.5 to 3.7 and number of ties from 3.4 to 2.1. All these reductions were significant (p-values all <0.05). There were no post-operative complications in either group. Thus the use of BSG during adeno-tonsillectomy or tonsillectomy alone significantly decreases the operating time and results in less intraoperative haemorrhage with fewer ties and swabs being required.
Alterations to the oropharyngeal and nasopharyngeal microbial flora of children after tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy
Authors: Manolis E. , Tsakris A. , Kandiloros D. , Kanellopoulou M. , Malamou-Lada E. , Ferekidis E. , Adamopoulos G. , Legakis N. J. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe oropharyngeal and nasopharyngeal microbial flora of 40 children with chronically hypertrophied and infected tonsils or adenoids, was studied. Twenty of the children were treated by tonsillectomy and 20 by adenoidectomy. Swabs were taken from the surgical field pre-operatively and from the oropharynx or the nasopharynx 10 and 30 days post-operatively. The swabs were cultured on suitable culture media and identification as well as quantitative estimation of the isolated bacteria, was carried out. Most of the potentially pathogenic bacteria exhibited β-lactamase production.Interestingly, after surgical treatment, the respective microorganisms were quantitatively reduced and it was observed that their isolation rate was also lower. Furthermore, bacteria considered as normal inhabitants regularly showed an increase in their frequency of isolation despite the fact that a quantitative decrease was in some instances observed. These findings suggest that tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy result in an alteration to the abnormal oropharyngeal and nasopharyngeal microbial flora producing an almost normal one. It appears that, in cases of the failure of antimicrobial treatment, surgical procedures should be seriously considered.
Pyocele of the middle turbinate
Authors: Badia Lydia , Parikh Abhi , Brookes Gerold B. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractMucoceles are uncommon and the majority occur in the fronto-ethmoidal complex. We present the first case of a secondarily infected mucocele arising from a concha bullosa of the middle turbinate. It was excised intranasally with complete resolution of symptoms.
Clinical applications of transcranial bone conduction attenuation in children
Authors: Vanniasegaram Iyngaran , Bradley Jane , Bellman Sue 
Published: November 2007

AbstractIt is a common belief that there is no significant transcranial attenuation across the skull by bone conduction (BC). In 32 children with proven unilateral sensorineural hearing loss the unmasked bone thresholds were measured on each side. There was a significant attenuation of BC at 4 kHz. Transcranial attenuation of BC at 4 kHz may explain the difference in sound perception between the two ears when bone conduction amplification is used. Further research should be undertaken to identify the better cochlea in mixed hearing losses.
Microscope and hot wire cautery management of 100 consecutive patients with acute epistaxis — a superior method to traditional packing
Authors: Quine S. M. , Gray R. F. , Rudd M. , von Blumenthal H. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe technique of microscope examination and hot wire cautery in a prospective study of 100 consecutive patients with acute epistaxis is described. The method was successful in arresting haemorrhage in 94 per cent of patients bleeding at the time of examination, and in 86 per cent, discharge home within one hour was possible. Due to improved illumination, magnification and control of the cautery instrument, nasal packing was required in only nine per cent of cases. By achieving this and by reducing the overall need for admission to 20 per cent, we recommend this method of treatment both as a successful cost saving measure, as well as advantageous to the patient.
Serum adenosine deaminase and total superoxide dismutase activities before and after surgical removal of cancerous laryngeal tissue
Authors: Canbolat Orhan , Akyol Ömer , Kavutcu Mustafa , Isik A. Ümit , Durak Ilker 
Published: November 2007

AbstractIn this study, pre- and post-operative serum activities of adenosine deaminase (ADA) and total superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzymes were measured in patients with squamous cell laryngeal cancer. Activities of both enzymes were found to be higher in cancerous patients compared to the controls. No significant differences were found however between pre- and post-operative values for both enzymes in the patient group.It has been suggested that ADA and SOD enzymes leak from the cancerous laryngeal tissues into the blood stream. The absence of differences between pre- and post-operative serum enzyme activities has two possible explanations: Firstly, removal of previously released enzymes from the blood stream takes a much longer period than one month; and secondly, cancerous laryngeal tissue is not the only source of the enzymes mentioned even after removal of cancerous tissue by surgical operation, other sources such as adjacent tissues and/or metastatic tissues etc, still release these enzymes into the blood stream.
Aspergillosis of the larynx
Authors: Benson-Mitchell R. , Tolley N. , Croft C. B. , Gallimore A. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractPrimary infection of the larynx with Aspergillus spp. is rare. It is more commonly seen as part of a wider infection involving the respiratory system in an immunocompromised host. In noncompromised patients laryngeal aspergillosis may represent colonization rather than invasion requiring no systemic anti-fungal treatment. The diagnosis is important as the presenting symptoms are suggestive of malignant laryngeal disease.We present a 62-year-old man with a short history of hoarseness. Direct laryngoscopy and biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of aspergillosis. Clinical presentation, diagnosis and the important pathological characteristics of this infection are discussed.
Squamous cell carcinoma of the maxillary antrum metastatic to the heart and skin
Authors: Calvert R. J. , Quinn C. M. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractA case of squamous cell carcinoma of the maxillary antrum is presented in which autopsy examination revealed widespread disseminated disease including metastatic deposits in the unusual sites of the myocardium and skin. Apart from the skin deposit the metastases were clinically unsuspected. This case demonstrates the role of the autopsy in the study of malignancy and the possible effects of local disease control on the natural history of the disease process.
Parotid acinic cell carcinoma with undifferentiated spindle cell transformation
Authors: Ferreiro Jorge A. , Kochar Amarjit S. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThis report describes a 59-year-old black man who had an acinic cell carcinoma with associated malignant spindle cell transformation in the parotid gland. To the best of our knowledge, a similar lesion in the salivary gland has not been previously reported.
The natural history of otitis media with effusion – a three-year study of the incidence and prevalence of abnormal tympanograms in four South West Hampshire Infant and First schools
Authors: Williamson I. G. , Dunleavey J. , Bain J. , Robinson D. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractOtitis media with effusion (OME) is both extremely common in young children, and variable in its duration and severity. This study aims to gather and consider new and reliable information about the incidence and prevalence of OME in British school children.Eight hundred and fifty-six school children aged five to eight years from four South West Hampshire schools were examined over a three-year period by tympanometry, a method used to detect OME (>90 per cent specificity and sensitivity) performed once per school term. Normal ears were recorded in 54.9 per cent of children throughout with 27 per cent recording evidence of effusion. However in only one out of 10 of the affected children did the fluid persist for a year or more. This impressive clearance is due in part to natural resolution, with the intervention of surgery occurring in about one in eight of the children with identified effusions.OME is more common in five-year-olds with an annual prevalence of 17 per cent compared to six per cent in eight-year-olds and is more common in the winter months. Because of the variability of the condition at least two screenings are recommended as a basis for good management.