bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From quantum‐well wires to nanowires as studied by cathodoluminescence imaging and spectroscopy
Authors: Gustafsson Anders 
Published: June 2008

AbstractCathodoluminescence (CL) imaging and spectroscopy are used to study one‐dimensional structures from three different decades. Quantum‐well wires were fabricated in the 1980s and CL images are presented here, where the individual wires of a 450 nm grating are resolved. V‐grooved quantum wires (QWRs) were fabricated in the 1990s and the structures exhibit a number of emission peaks. CL is used to identify the spatial origin of the various peaks, including the positions of individual impurities in the QWRs. Nanowires from the 2000s show some variations along the length, which are presented here. SCANNING 30: 317–323, 2008. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Depressive illness: biological mechanisms of cardiac risk
Authors: Dawood Tye , Lambert Elisabeth A. , Barton David A. , Lambert Gavin W. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThere is strong evidence that patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) are at increased risk of developing coronary heart disease. This elevated risk is independent of classical risk factors, such as smoking, obesity, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes and hypertension. The risk of coronary heart disease, put simply, is proportional to the severity of the depression. Also conclusively demonstrated is the adverse effect of depression in patients following myocardial infarction, which materially increases mortality. The mechanism of increased cardiac risk attributable to MDD is at present uncertain, but activation of the sympathetic nervous system, altered baroreflex sensitivity, and/or exaggerated platelet reactivity and endothelial dysfunction are likely to be of prime importance. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Surgical Training Programs in Pakistan
Authors: Talati Jamsheer J. , Syed Nadir Ali 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThis paper traces the history and describes the status of surgical training in Pakistan. A key revelation is that excellent surgeons are produced through systems which on formal review might appear to lack standards. Personal characteristics of residents modify outcomes in high volume surgical training units; and consequent variation in quality of outputs is noted. Attention needs to be given to (i) develop new educational systems which are not prolonged costly and cumbersome, and which produce the adequate number, types and spread of highly skilled and cognitively developed empathic surgeons for the country; (ii) the improvement of the health systems which currently impede the development of surgeons and (iii) novel wars of tackling rural urban disparities in health delivery.
Use of BiClamp Decreased the Severity of Hypocalcemia after Total Thyroidectomy Compared with LigaSure: A Prospective Study
Authors: Oussoultzoglou Elie , Panaro Fabrizio , Rosso Edoardo , Zeca Ion , Bachellier Philippe , Pessaux Patrick , Jaeck Daniel 
Published: June 2008

AbstractBackgroundPostoperative hypocalcemia is the most common complication after thyroidectomy. New surgical devices have been propose to achieve vessel sealing and hemostasis. However, the risk of parathyroid glands damage has not been fully elucidated. This prospective study was designed to evaluate the severity of hypocalcemia after total thyroidectomy by using two different sealing devices.MethodsBetween January 2005 and December 2006, 86 patients underwent total thyroidectomy by using BiClamp® (n = 46) or LigaSure® (n = 40) devices in our institution. The severity of postoperative hypocalcemia was analyzed.ResultsNo mortality or recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy was observed. Patients characteristics were similar in both groups. The mean operation time was significantly shorter in the BiClamp group (142 ± 35 minutes versus 170 ± 57 minutes, P = 0.023). Eleven patients had symptomatic hypocalcemia. Hypocalcemia (< 2 mmol/l) at postoperative day 1 was more frequent in the LigaSure group than in the BiClamp group (P = 0.034). Significantly more patients in the LigaSure group required oral calcium supplementation than in the BiClamp group (67.5% versus 34.7% respectively; P = 0.002).ConclusionThe present prospective study suggests that total thyroidectomy can be performed safely with both surgical devices. However, BiClamp reduced the operative time and the severity of postoperative hypocalcemia.
Esophageal and Gastric Cardia Cancers on 4238 Chinese Patients Residing in Municipal and Rural Regions: A Histopathological Comparison During 24‐Year Period
Authors: Fan Yu Jing , Song Xin , Li Ji Lin , Li Xue Min , Liu Bin , Wang Ran , Fan Zong Min , Wang Li Dong 
Published: June 2008

AbstractBackgroundNutrition deficiencies or poverty traditionally have been recognized to be related with increased risk for esophageal cancer (EC) in rural regions at junction of Henan, Hebei, and Shanxi provinces in northern China—the highest incidence area for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and gastric cardia adenocarcinoma (GCA). Since the 1980s, economic and nutrition condition in these areas have been improved greatly. However, the histopathological types, staging pattern, and occurrence of ESCC and GCA, especially for esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC), which have been rarely examined in the Chinese population during the past decades in these areas have not been well characterized to date.MethodsYearly diagnosed new esophageal cancer (ESCC and EAC) and GCA patients from Beijing Tongren Hospital (in municipal low‐risk region) and Cixian People Hospital (in rural high‐risk region) during 24‐year period (1982–2005) were studied retrospectively. Only local resident patients with surgical resection were included. Age at diagnosis, tumor stage and site, and histopathological pattern were recorded for each patient from the tumor registry database in these hospitals.Results and ConclusionsThis study demonstrated that the common ESCC sites were different in municipal (chiefly in lower third of the esophagus) and in rural (chiefly in middle third of the esophagus) regions. The peak age of ESCC, EAC, and GCA patients in rural region was 10 years younger than in municipal region. Eighty‐six percent of ESCC and 90% of GCA in municipal region were diagnosed at middle and advanced stage; similarly, more than 95% of ESCC and GCA in rural region were diagnosed at middle and advanced stage during the 24‐year study period. An increasing tendency in number of yearly diagnosed new patients with ESCC and GCA was observed in municipal region, but not in rural region. However, an increasing tendency for EAC was observed both in municipal and rural regions during the past 24‐year period. The present results demonstrate the difference in municipal and rural regions of ESCC, ECA, and GCA in histopathological types, and suggest that there may be different etiological factors involved in esophageal and gastric cardia carcinogenesis in these different areas.
Environmental gradients determining the distribution of benthic macroinvertebrates in Lake Takkobu, Kushiro wetland, northern Japan
Authors: Takamura Noriko , Ito Tomiko , Ueno Ryuhei , Ohtaka Akifumi , Wakana Isamu , Nakagawa Megumi , Ueno Youichi , Nakajima Hirotsugu 
Published: June 2008

AbstractEffects of environmental variables on the distribution of benthic macroinvertebrates inhabiting sediments were studied at 25 sites along the shoreline of Lake Takkobu in the Kushiro wetland of northern Japan in summer 2003. During the last decade, the lake's status has undergone a drastic shift from clear water dominated by submerged macrophytes to turbid water dominated by phytoplankton. The canonical correspondence analysis showed that four environmental variables explained the significant variation in the macroinvertebrate species composition: submerged plant biomass, bottom sediment organic matter content (OMC), distance from the mouth of the Takkobu River, and bottom‐layer pH. Five species of Chironomidae [Chironomus sp. (except plumosus group), Psectrocladius sp., Corynoneura sp., Parachironomus sp. arcuatus group, and Zavreliella sp.] occurred in sites with relatively lower pH and a high submerged plant biomass, whereas three species of Tubificidae (Tubifex tubifex, Aulodriluslimnobius and Aulodrilus sp.) and two of Chironomidae (Nanocladius sp. and Monodiamesa sp.) occurred in sites with high pH and little vegetation. The three Tubificidae species also preferred organic‐rich sediments. Irrespective of aquatic vegetation, Sphaerium sp. (Bivalvia) and Monodiamesa sp. (Chironomidae) occurred in low‐OMC sites, whereas Tanypus sp. (Chironomidae) preferred high‐OMC sites. The number of macroinvertebrate taxa showed the highest correlation with the number of submerged plants, suggesting that macroinvertebrate species richness was related mostly to submerged plant species diversity in this lake. The quantity and species richness of submerged plants and OMC are thus important determinants of the community structure of macroinvertebrates inhabiting sediments in Lake Takkobu.
Wall motion index, estimated glomerular filtration rate and mortality risk in patients with heart failure or myocardial infarction: A pooled analysis of 18,010 patients
Authors: Schou Morten , Torp‐Pedersen Christian , Gustafsson Finn , Abdulla Jawdat , Kober Lars 
Published: June 2008

AbstractAims:This study was designed to assess whether the prognostic significance of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) interact in populations with heart failure (HF) and myocardial infarction (MI).Methods:Patients were recruited from four screening registers (N=18,010) including patients admitted with HF or MI. Ten years follow‐up was recorded and formal testing for interactions between eGFR and LVEF with respect to outcome was done.Results:Twelve‐thousand‐and‐ninety patients died. A significant interaction (P=0.010) was found and each parameter became relatively more important when the value of the other was low. eGFR and LVEF were reparameterized to categorical variables and we observed that chronic kidney disease stage II was associated with a decreased (Hazard ratio (HR): 0.79 (95% Confidence Interval: 0.72–0.86)) and chronic kidney disease stages IV (HR: 1.60 (1.45–1.91) and V (HR: 1.91 (1.45–2.52) were associated with an increased mortality risk with an additive effect of left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD).Conclusion:The prognostic significance of eGFR and LVEF is synergistic in patients with HF or MI and the impact of one parameter is inversely related to the level of the other. Statistical interactions are scale dependent and the relationship between chronic kidney disease stages I to V and mortality risk is J‐shaped with an additive effect of LVSD.
Depression worsens outcomes in elderly patients with heart failure: An analysis of 48,117 patients in a community setting
Authors: Macchia Alejandro , Monte Simona , Pellegrini Fabio , Romero Marilena , D'Ettorre Antonio , Tavazzi Luigi , Tognoni Gianni , Maggioni Aldo P. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractAimsTo assess the relationship between depression and clinical outcomes among elderly patients with heart failure (HF) in a community setting.Methods and resultsTo identify patients with HF and depression we used record linkage analysis of hospital discharge records, prescription databases and vital statistics. All consecutive patients aged ≥ 60 years in 6 Local Health Authorities in Italy were included. HF was defined as either: 1) hospital discharge with HF diagnosis (ICD‐9: 428) and/or 2) chronic treatment for HF identified as concomitant (within 45days) prescription of any combination of ACE inhibitors, digoxin, furosemide, bisoprolol, carvedilol, spironolactone, ARB‐blockers. Depression was identified from exposure to psychotropic drugs before HF diagnosis. Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for major confounders were used. To adjust for potential residual known confounders, a propensity score analysis was performed. Sensitivity and subgroup analysis were used to demonstrate the consistency or robustness of the results.48,117 patients with HF were identified. Of these, 3328 (6.9%) were treated for depression. Among patients with HF, those with depression were significantly older, and more likely to be women with a previous stroke. Depression significantly worsened major outcomes including all cause mortality [HR (95%CI); 1.20 (1.08–1.33)] and the composite of stroke/TIA/AMI [1.23 (1.13–1.34)]. Patients with depression had no increased risk of rehospitalisation for HF. Propensity scores and subgroup analysis confirmed these findings.ConclusionAmong elderly patients with HF, depression was independently associated with poor clinical outcomes mostly due to an increase in vascular events.
Interaction with the IQ3 motif of myosin‐10 is required for calmodulin‐like protein‐dependent filopodial extension
Authors: Bennett Richard D. , Caride Ariel J. , Mauer Amy S. , Strehler Emanuel E. 
Published: June 2008

MINT‐6595901: GST‐IQ3 Myo10 (uniprotkb:Q9HD67) binds (MI:0407) to CLP (uniprotkb:P27482) by pull down (MI:0096)
MINT‐6596000: CLP (uniprotkb:P27482) and GST‐IQ3 Myo10 (uniprotkb:Q9HD67) bind (MI:0407) by classical fluorescence spectroscopy (MI:0017)
MINT‐6596013: CaM (uniprotkb:P62158) and GST‐IQ3 Myo10 (uniprotkb:Q9HD67) bind (MI:0407) by classical fluorescence spectroscopy (MI:0017)
MINT‐6595938:GST‐IQ3 Myo10 (uniprotkb:Q9HD67) binds (MI:0407) to CaM (uniprotkb:P62158) by pull down (MI:0096)
The effect of dietary sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia) on local cellular responses toTrichostrongylus colubriformisin sheep
Authors: RÍOS-DE ÁLVAREZ L. , GREER A. W. , JACKSON F. , ATHANASIADOU S. , KYRIAZAKIS I. , HUNTLEY J. F. 
Published: June 2008

SUMMARYThe effect of sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia) hay consumption on the pathophysiology and local cellular responses of growing lambs during infection withTrichostrongylus colubriformiswas investigated. Thirty-two lambs, 16 weeks of age, were allocated to 1 of 4 treatment groups (n=8) that were offered either grass (G) or sainfoin (S) hay while concurrently either infected (+), or not (−) with 12 000 L3T. colubriformislarvae per week for 6 weeks. Liveweight gains were affected by diet (P=0·002) and reduced by infection (P<0·005). Faecal egg count was reduced in S+ compared to G+from days 35 to 42 (P=0·001); however, total egg output, worm burdens at day 42 and worm fecundity were similar between diets (P>0·05). Feeding sainfoin appeared to enhance immune cell development with tissue eosinophils, mast cells and pan T cells present in greater concentrations in S+ than in G+ animals. However, further studies are required to determine if the enhanced immune cell development is a consequence of a greater nutrient supply or a direct influence of sainfoin metabolites on local inflammatory responses to the gastrointestinal nematodeT. colubriformis.
Maimonides, Aquinas and Ghazali: distinguishing God from world
Authors: Burrell David 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThis exploration focuses on Moses ben Maimon's attempt to give philosophical voice to the revelation of the Torah to offer a window into the comparative (though not actually collaborative) efforts of Jewish, Christian and Muslim medieval thinkers to adapt the metaphysical strategies available to them to the hitherto inconceivable task of articulating a creation utterly free, with nothing presupposed to it. Short of a divine revelation, nothing could have suggested such an affirmation, so crafting the adaptations demanded of familiar philosophical categories would require exploiting the illumination inherent in those distinct revelations. Far from being a merely historical exercise, these efforts are presented as object lessons for philosophical theologians today, as we move to show how Aquinas and Ghazali complement Maimonides' way of negotiating recondite regions where reason and faith interact. In that sense, this exercise inspired by medieval thinkers may be dubbed ‘postmodern’, since the deliverances of faith can be seen to be interwoven with rational inquiry and indispensable to its execution. Moreover, their witness can also challenge current ‘philosophers of religion’ who may all too easily presume their categories to be adequate to the task of probing the reaches of religious faith. In this way, the call to transform philosophical strategies in ways not unlike that undertaken by our medieval thinkers can suggest a benign reading of the ‘postmodern’ situation in which we admittedly live.
Repackaging the ineffable: changing styles of Sikh scriptural commentary
Authors: Shackle Christopher 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe special importance of the Ādi Granth as the defining scripture of the Sikhs has encouraged the production of commentaries whose language and approach reflect changing understandings of the Gurus' teachings over the last four centuries. The oral style of the earlier commentaries which typically demonstrate a catholic inclusiveness towards the wider Indic tradition came largely to be replaced in the twentieth century by the more exclusive approach of Sikh reformist commentators, in part aroused by the dismissive attitudes of the first English translation by Trumpp. Continuing to shape most modern understandings of the scripture, these highly organized commentaries composed in the new idiom of Modern Standard Panjabi are only now beginning to be challenged by new styles of exegesis being pioneered in the Sikh diaspora.
Holy superheroine: a comic book interpretation of the Hindu Devī Māhātmya scripture
Authors: McLain Karline 
Published: June 2008

AbstractAmar Chitra Katha (Immortal Picture Stories) is India's leading comic book series, featuring hundreds of mythological titles about the Hindu gods. Founder Anant Pai initially eliminated all miracles, believing them to be unscientific interpolations. But while producing Tales of Durga (no. 176, 1978), he declared that the comic must be an “authentic” recreation of the Devī Māhātmya scripture, and that all miracles in the classical Sanskrit text must be faithfully rendered in the comic. This article examines the discourse of authenticity that surrounds the production of Tales of Durga in particular and this comic book series more generally. Through a careful reading of the Devī Māhātmya, content analysis of Tales of Durga, a consideration of the unique characteristics of the comic book medium, and interviews with comic book producers, this study provides insight into modern interpretations of the Devī Māhātmya and evolving Hindu attitudes towards the martial goddess Durga.
Fruit and vegetables are similarly categorised by 8–13-year-old children
Authors: Sepulveda Karina Knight , Beltran Alicia , Watson Kathy , Baranowski Tom , Baranowski Janice , Islam Noemi , Missaghian Mariam 
Published: June 2008

AbstractObjectiveThis exploratory study assessed how 8–13-year-old children categorised and labelled fruit and vegetables (FaV), and how these were influenced by child characteristics, to specify second-level categories in a hierarchical food search system for a computerised 24 h dietary recall (hdr).DesignTwo sets of food cards, sixty-seven for fruit (F) and sixty-four for vegetables (V), with pictures and names of FaV from ten professionally defined food categories were sorted, separately, by each child into piles of similar foods. Demographic data, BMI and 6-n-propylthiouracil (PROP) taster status were obtained.SettingParticipants attended the Children’s Nutrition Research Center in the summer of 2006.SubjectsIn all, 152 8–13-year-old children, predominantly English-speaking, of whom sixteen were predominantly Spanish-speaking.ResultsChildren created an average of 8·5 (5·3) piles with 7·9 (11·4) cards per pile for the F, and an average of 10·1 (4·8) piles with 6·2 (7·9) cards per pile for the V. No substantial differences in Robinson clustering were detected across subcategories for each of the demographic characteristics, BMI or PROP sensitivity. Children provided clusters names that were mostly ‘Taxonomic – Professional’ labels, such as salads, berries, peppers, for both F (51·8 %) and V (52·1 %).ConclusionsThese categories should be tested to assess their ability to facilitate search of FaV items in a computerised 24 hdr for children in this age group.
Protein-based stable isotope probing (Protein-SIP) reveals active species within anoxic mixed cultures
Authors: Jehmlich Nico , Schmidt Frank , von Bergen Martin , Richnow Hans-Hermann , Vogt Carsten 
Published: June 2008

Abstract
It is still a challenge to link specific metabolic activities to certain species in a microbial community because of methodological limitations. We developed a method to analyze the specific metabolic activity of a single bacterial species within a consortium making use of [13C7]-toluene for metabolic labelling of proteins. Labelled proteins were subsequently analyzed by 2D gel electrophoresis (2-DE) and mass spectrometry (MS) to characterize their identity as well as their 13C content as an indicator for function and activity of the host organism. To establish this method, we analyzed the metabolic incorporation of 13C carbon atoms into proteins of Aromatoleum aromaticum strain EbN1. This strain is capable of metabolizing toluene under nitrate-reducing conditions and was grown in either pure culture or in a mixed consortium with a gluconate-consuming enrichment culture. First, strain EbN1 was grown with non-labelled toluene or labelled [13C7]-toluene as carbon sources, respectively, and their proteins were subjected to 2-DE. In total, 60 unique proteins were identified by MALDI-MS/MS. From 38 proteins, the levels of 13C incorporation were determined as 92.3±0.8%. Subsequently, we mixed strain EbN1 and the enrichment culture UFZ-1, which does not grow on toluene but on gluconate, and added non-labelled toluene, [13C7]-toluene and/or non-labelled gluconate as carbon sources. The isotope labelling of proteins was analyzed after 2-DE by MS as a quantitative indicator for metabolic transformation of isotopic-labelled toluene by the active species of the consortium. Incorporation of 13C was exclusively found in proteins from strain EbN1 at a content of 82.6±2.3%, as an average calculated from 19 proteins, demonstrating the suitability of the method used to identify metabolic active species with specific properties within a mixed culture.
Intracellular trafficking of Shiga‐toxin‐B‐subunit‐functionalized spherulites
Authors: Bouter Anthony , Delord Brigitte , Dransart Estelle , Poirier Cécile , Johannes Ludger , van Effenterre Damien 
Published: June 2008

Background information. Spherulites are multi‐lamellar lipidic vesicles that can encapsulate biomolecules and may be used as carriers for drug delivery. STxB (Shiga toxin B‐subunit) is known to bind the glycosphingolipid Gb3 (globotriaosyl ceramide), which is overexpressed by various human tumours. After Gb3 binding, the toxin enters the cytoplasm via the retrograde route, bypassing the degrading environment of the late endosomes/lysosomes. STxB is non‐toxic and has been identified as a promising tool for drug delivery. So far, applications have relied on direct coupling with therapeutic agents. In the present study, we have investigated the functionalization of spherulites by STxB and the intracellular trafficking of these structures.Results. We demonstrate that STxB‐spherulites (ST×B‐functionalized spherulites) are internalized into HeLa cells in a receptor‐dependent manner. The intracellular distribution was studied by confocal microscopy for lipids, ligand and content. We observed an early separation between spherulites and STxB, leading to a late endosomal/lysosomal localization of lipids and content, whereas STxB remained partially at the plasma membrane.Conclusions. Although recognition of Gb3 is the cause of their specific adhesion to cell membranes, STxB‐spherulites do not follow the retrograde transport route. Our results strongly suggest that STxB‐spherulites are, at least in part, disrupted at the plasma membrane, leading to lipid and content targeting to the classical endocytic pathway. We discuss how these findings influence the development of innovative delivery strategies.