bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Methyl α‐D‐galactopyranosyl‐(1→3)‐β‐D‐galactopyranoside and methyl β‐D‐galactopyranosyl‐(1→3)‐β‐D‐galactopyranoside: Glycosidic linkage conformation determined from MA'AT analysis
Authors: Meredith Reagan , Zhu Yuping , Yoon Mi‐Kyung , Tetrault Timothy , Lin Jieye , Zhang Wenhui , McGurn Margaret , Cook Evan , Popp Reed , Shit Pradip , Carmichael Ian , Serianni Anthony S. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMA'AT analysis has been applied to two biologically‐important O‐glycosidic linkages in two disaccharides, α‐D‐Galp‐(1→3)‐β‐D‐GalpOMe (3) and β‐D‐Galp‐(1→3)‐β‐D‐GalpOMe (4). Using density functional theory (DFT) to obtain parameterized equations relating a group of trans‐O‐glycosidic NMR spin‐couplings to either phi (ϕ') or psi (ψ'), and experimental 3JCOCH, 2JCOC, and 3JCOCC spin‐couplings measured in aqueous solution in 13C‐labeled isotopomers, probability distributions of ϕ' and ψ' in each linkage were determined and compared to those determined by aqueous 1‐μs molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. Good agreement was found between the MA'AT and single‐state MD conformational models of these linkages for the most part, with modest (approximately <15°) differences in the mean values of ϕ' and ψ', although the envelope of allowed angles (encoded in circular standard deviations or CSDs) is consistently larger for ϕ' determined from MA'AT analysis than from MD for both linkages. The MA'AT model of the α‐Galp‐(1→3)‐β‐Galp linkage agrees well with those determined previously using conventional NMR methods (3JCOCH values and/or 1H‐1H NOEs), but some discrepancy was observed for the β‐Galp‐(1→3)‐β‐Galp linkage, which may arise from errors in the conventions used to describe the linkage torsion angles. Statistical analyses of X‐ray crystal structures show ranges of ϕ' and ψ' for both linkages that include the mean angles determined from MA'AT analyses, although both angles adopt a wide range of values in the crystalline state, with ϕ' in β‐Galp‐(1→3)‐β‐Galp linkages showing greater‐than‐expected conformational variability.
Enhancing targeted cancer therapy through multiple drug delivery by silk peptide nanoparticles
Authors: He Zi‐Hao , Qi Li‐Jin , He Xiao‐Yan , Han Di , Liao Xin‐Ru , Cheng Si‐Xue 
Published: February 2024

AbstractTargeted therapy drugs exert an essential role in precision therapy in cancer treatments. However, their therapeutic efficiency is greatly limited by the poor water solubility and low bioavailability. Herein, by using an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) targeted drug, erlotinib (ERL), as a representative of targeted therapy drugs, we demonstrate silk peptide (SP) extracted from silkworm cocoons can be used as a drug carrier to co‐load curcumin (CUR) and ERL to achieve dramatically improved antitumor therapeutic efficiency. The dual‐drug loaded nanoparticles (CUR/ERL@SP) with a mean size within 150 nm show significantly enhanced cell internalization, and thus induce more effective inhibition of cancer cell growth. As compared with free drugs, CUR/ERL@SP can more efficiently downregulate the expression of EGFR and other proteins promoting tumor invasion, immunosuppression and cell fusion in EGFR mutant PC‐9 lung cancer cells. The evaluation by using the circulating malignant cells (CMCs) from a lung cancer patient further confirms that CUR/ERL@SP can more effectively inhibit EGFR expression. This study provides a convenient strategy to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of targeted therapy drugs and a facile ex vivo method for evaluating treatment outcomes in personalized therapy.
A multiscale preconditioner for crack evolution in porous microstructures: Accelerating phase‐field methods
Authors: Li Kangan , Mehmani Yashar 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPhase‐field methods are attractive for simulating the mechanical failure of geometrically complex porous microstructures described by 2D/3D x‐ray CT images in subsurface (e.g., CO storage) and manufacturing (e.g., Li‐ion battery) applications. They capture the nucleation, growth, and branching of fractures without prior knowledge of the propagation path or having to remesh the domain. Their drawback lies in the high computational cost for the typical domain sizes encountered in practice. We present a multiscale preconditioner that significantly accelerates the convergence of Krylov solvers in computing solutions of linear(ized) systems arising from the sequential discretization of the momentum and crack‐evolution equations in phase‐field methods. The preconditioner is an algebraic reformulation of a recent pore‐level multiscale method (PLMM) by the authors and consists of a global preconditioner and a local smoother . Together, and attenuate low‐ and high‐frequency errors simultaneously. The proposed , used in the momentum equation only, is a simplification of a recent variant proposed by the authors that is much cheaper and easier to deploy in existing solvers. The smoother , used in both the momentum and crack‐evolution equations, is built such that it is compatible with and more robust and efficient than black‐box smoothers like ILU(). We test and systematically for static‐ and evolving‐crack problems on complex 2D/3D porous microstructures, and show that they outperform existing algebraic multigrid solvers. We also probe different strategies for updating as cracks evolve and show the associated cost can be minimized if is updated adaptively and infrequently. Both and are scalable on parallel machines and can be implemented non‐intrusively in existing codes.
Click SP/AP Area Ratio Vesrus Tone Burst SP Amplitude to Diagnose Ménière's Disease Using Electrocochleography
Authors: Bawazeer Naif , Gagnon Carolanne , Maheu Maxime , Saliba Issam 
Published: February 2024

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate the sensitivity and the specificity of summating potential (SP)/action potential (AP) area under the curve (AUC) ratio by a transtympanic electrode and a click stimulus (TT‐CS), SP/AP AUC ratio by an extratympanic electrode and a click stimulus (ET‐CS) and SP amplitude value by a transtympanic electrode and tone burst stimulus (TT‐TBS) in regard of Ménière's disease (MD) diagnosis. This is the first study that compares SP amplitude value performed by a TT‐TBS and the SP/AP AUC ratio performed by a TT‐CS.Study DesignRetrospective comparative study.SettingsNinety‐five patients met the inclusion criteria for electrocochleography (ECochG) testing in a tertiary care center.MethodsThe sensitivity and specificity of our different ECochG protocols were calculated in regard of the diagnosis of MD.ResultsThe patients' mean age was 54 years old (female predominance). The sensitivity and the specificity of SP/AP area ratio by a TT‐CS were 88.5% and 70.0%, respectively. On the other hand, the sensitivity and specificity for the SP amplitude value by a TT‐TBS were 60.0% and 55.6%, respectively. SP/AP area ratio by TT‐CS was statistically better than SP amplitude value by TT‐TBS to detect MD disease (P = .016). However, no difference was identified between SP/AP area ratio by ET‐CS and SP amplitude value by a TT‐TBS (P = .573).ConclusionSP/AP area ratio by click stimulation has higher sensitivity and specificity to detect MD compared to SP amplitude value by tone burst stimulation. ECochG would be extremely useful in the diagnosis of MD if we use the SP/AP area ratio (sensitivity: 88.5%); therefore, it changes the bad reputation of ECochG sensitivity using SP/AP amplitude ratio (sensitivity: 51.7%) for the diagnosis of MD.
Racial Disparities in Surgical Management For Early‐Stage Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Recurrent Dysplasia
Authors: Cyberski Thomas F. , Wang Alexander Z. , Baird Brandon J. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study is to evaluate the association between race and the treatment of laryngeal dysplasia and early‐stage laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC).Study designRetrospective Cohort Study.SettingLarge multispecialty academic medical center.MethodsPatients were treated for laryngeal dysplasia or LSCC between September 2019 and September 2022. A retrospective chart review was conducted to collect demographic and clinical information. Two‐sample t tests, chi‐square tests, and linear regression models were used to compare characteristics (α = 0.05). Analyses were performed in STATA 17.ResultsSixty‐five patients were identified that underwent potassium titanyl phosphate (KTP) transoral laser microsurgery for management of early‐stage LSCC (n = 29) or dysplasia (n = 36). The cohort consisted of 23 Black and 42 White patients. No significant difference was found in age, alcohol or tobacco use, rate of adjuvant radiotherapy, stage of disease, nor insurance status between the 2 groups. White patients underwent more procedures to address initial disease and subsequent recurrent dysplasia on average than Black patients (2.52 vs 1.52, P = .02). This remained true after adjusting for demographic and clinical characteristics and insurance status in a linear regression model. While Black patients were more likely to be lost to follow‐up than White patients (30.4% vs 9.5%, P = .03), the average number of procedures between the groups still differed significantly (2.63 vs 1.56, P = .04) when controlling for those lost to follow‐up.ConclusionThe findings presented here highlight potential inequities that exist for racial minorities at early stages of treatment and in addressing premalignant conditions, which may contribute to the known downstream disparities in laryngeal cancer outcomes.
Impact of ambient and vacuum pressure on the physico mechanical properties of flexible polyurethane foam reinforced withCaCO3
Authors: Singh Vratika , Gopalasamudram Mahesh N. , Maitra Jaya 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the effects of variable pressure conditions (550 and 1013 mbar) on the physico‐mechanical and structural properties of flexible polyurethane foam, incorporating different compositions of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) filler. The objective is to achieve sustained mechanical and structural properties of flexible polyurethane foam while reducing costs through variable pressure foaming technology. With CaCO3filler concentrations ranging from 20 to 100 parts per hundred (pphp) of polyol, it was found that foam produced at low pressure (550 mbar) demonstrated improved resilience and durability, particularly with CaCO3compositions up to 100 pphp. Conversely, foam produced at standard atmospheric pressure (1013 mbar) using compositions up to 100 pphp did not exhibit significant enhancements in physico‐mechanical properties. The study employs various characterization techniques, including mechanical testing, scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, thermal gravimetric analysis, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic analysis, to assess the flexible polyurethane foam. It provides a detailed examination of the effects of variable pressure on cellular structure, cell size, filler distributions, mechanical properties, and thermal stability of flexible polyurethane foam using CaCO3filler.
Overview of the challenges and current solutions in organic and hybrid coatings for historical monuments and architecture
Authors: Sims Cory B , Furgal Joseph C 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMankind has erected monoliths and stone structures for millennia to ensure stories and culture are passed on to future generations. In the modern era, monuments and architecture are designed with the intention of lasting several decades to hundreds of years and may utilize an arrangement of natural and synthetic materials. Choice of substrate helps ensure the longevity of these structures, but coatings are utilized to provide additional characteristics and subsequent protection to the finished product. Protective coatings come in a variety of base materials and are utilized to address specific degradation concerns. Advances in this field focus on protection of the surface while preventing any unintended damage to the substrate. This mini review summarizes the advances in protective coatings useful for historical monuments and architecture up to January 2024. © 2024 The Authors. Polymer International published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Industrial Chemistry.
Predictors of improvement in community adolescents with chronic neck pain: A secondary analysis using different improvement criteria
Authors: Andias Rosa , Rodrigues Mário , Silva Anabela G. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundInterventions based on pain neuroscience education and exercise have emerged as effective in the management of chronic neck pain in adolescents. No studies have explored factors that might be associated with recovery in adolescents with neck pain.ObjectiveTo explore predictors of improvement after an intervention based on exercise and pain neuroscience education.DesignSecondary analysis of a randomized trial.SettingCommunity.Participants127 community adolescents with neck pain.InterventionsBlended‐learning intervention based on exercise and pain neuroscience education.Main Outcome MeasuresA set of variables including sociodemographic data, pain characteristics, physical activity, disability, sleep, catastrophizing, fear of movement, self‐efficacy, symptoms of central sensitization, knowledge of pain neuroscience, pressure pain thresholds, and neck muscles endurance were used to predict a clinical response at 1 week after intervention and at 6‐month follow‐up.ResultsDifferent predictors of improvement and non‐improvement to intervention were found, but common predictors were not found for all the improvement criteria explored and time points.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that using different criteria to characterize adolescents with neck pain as improved and non‐improved after pain neuroscience education and exercise have an effect on the variables associated with a response to the intervention.
Spatiotemporal characteristics and variability in the thermal state of permafrost on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau
Authors: Guojie Hu , Lin Zhao , Zhe Sun , Defu Zou , Yao Xiao , Guangyue Liu , Erji Du , Chong Wang , Yuanwei Wang , Xiaodong Wu , Lingxiao Wang , Yonghua Zhao 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPermafrost degradation on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (QTP) has significant impacts on climate, hydrology, and engineering and environmental systems. To understand the temporal and spatial characteristics of permafrost on the QTP, we quantified the variation in active layer thickness (ALT), permafrost thermal state, and future permafrost change under different scenarios using observational data, reanalysis data, and the numerical permafrost model. Generally, ALT ranged from 0.5 to 6.0 m with an average of 2.39 m, and mean annual ground temperature (at a depth of zero annual amplitude for ground temperature) mainly ranged between 0 and −3°C with an average of −0.85°C. The soil temperatures in different layers based on the ERA5‐Land data revealed even stronger increasing trends, for example, 0.245, 0.245, 0.244, and 0.238°C/decade at depths of 0–7, 7–28, 28–100, and 100–289 cm from 1980 to 2021, compared to those during the period from 1960 to 2021, which were 0.153, 0.156, 0.155, and 0.149°C/decade, respectively. The average warming trends in annual mean soil temperature were 0.153 and 0.243°C/decade from 1960 to 2021 and 1980 to 2021, respectively. The average rate of thickening of the ALT among the 10 active layer observation sites was 2.84 cm/year. There was a significant warming trend in ground temperature above ~15 m with warming of 0.063 to 0.120, 0.026 to 0.182, 0.101 to 0.314, and 0.189 to 0.303°C/decade at the QTB01, QTB06, QTB08, and XDTGT sites, respectively, and yearly minimum ground temperatures exhibited stronger warming trends than maximum ground temperatures. In addition, the simulation revealed significant increases in ground temperature at the Xidatan (XDT) and Tanggula (TGL) sites under both historical and future Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) scenarios, but the increases in ground temperature were significantly greater at TGL than XDT. These findings provide important information for understanding the variability in permafrost degradation processes and improving simulations of permafrost change under climate change on the QTP.
Mating behavior and responses to sublethal concentrations of imidacloprid in the predator Cyrtorhinus lividipennis
Authors: Hu Kui , Jia Husheng , Fu Baobao , Li Yao , Liu Fang 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDMating is an essential factor that governs the size of insect populations that reproduce sexually. The extensive application of insecticides has both lethal and sublethal effects on the physiology and mating behavior of insect natural enemies. The predatory bug Cyrtorhinus lividipennis is a natural enemy of planthopper and leafhopper populations in the rice ecosystem. Unfortunately, the effects of insecticides on the mating behavior of C. lividipennis are not well‐understood.RESULTSThe mating behavior of C. livdipennis consisted of mounting, antennal touch and mating attempts, genital insertion, adjustment of posture, and separation of the mating pair. Approximately 82.5% of the C. lividipennis mating pairs displayed their first mating at 12–36 h postemergence. Mating activity occurred throughout a 24‐h period, with peak activity at 12:00–14:00 h, and the mean duration of mating was 48.75 min. Sublethal exposure to imidacloprid increased mating latency. Compared with the controls, the duration of courtship, pre‐mating and adjusting posture for males treated with imidacloprid were prolonged. The duration of mating for females treated with imidacloprid was prolonged relative to untreated controls. The fecundity and daily spawning capacity of females treated with imidacloprid were higher than the untreated controls.CONCLUSIONOur results provide insight into the mating process of C. lividipennis. Imidacloprid prolonged the duration of mating, which may explain the enhanced reproductive output in C. lividipennis females treated with imidacloprid. These findings will be useful in both rearing C. lividipennis and deploying this natural enemy in rice fields. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Using forest plots to interpret covariate effects in pharmacometric models
Authors: Jonsson E. Niclas , Nyberg Joakim 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe inclusion of covariates in pharmacometric models is important due to their ability to explain variability in drug exposure and response. Clear communication of the impact of covariates is needed to support informed decision making in clinical practice and in drug development. However, effectively conveying these effects to key stakeholders and decision makers can be challenging. Forest plots have been proposed to meet these communication needs. However, forest plots for the illustration of covariate effects in pharmacometrics are complex combinations of model predictions, uncertainty estimates, tabulated results, and reference lines and intervals. The purpose of this tutorial is to outline the aspects that influence the interpretation of forest plots, recommend best practices, and offer specific guidance for a clear and transparent communication of covariate effects.
Sample size calculation for comparing two ROC curves
Authors: Jung Sin‐Ho 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBiomarkers are key components of personalized medicine. In this paper, we consider biomarkers taking continuous values that are associated with disease status, called case and control. The performance of such a biomarker is evaluated by the area under the curve (AUC) of its receiver operating characteristic curve. Oftentimes, two biomarkers are collected from each subject to test if one has a larger AUC than the other. We propose a simple non‐parametric statistical test for comparing the performance of two biomarkers. We also present a simple sample size calculation method for this test statistic. Our sample size formula requires specification of AUC values (or the standardized effect size of each biomarker between cases and controls together with the correlation coefficient between two biomarkers), prevalence of cases in the study population, type I error rate, and power. Through simulations, we show that the testing on two biomarkers controls type I error rate accurately and the proposed sample size closely maintains specified statistical power.
Comprehensive review of Bcl‐2 family proteins in cancer apoptosis: Therapeutic strategies and promising updates of natural bioactive compounds and small molecules
Authors: Iksen  , Witayateeraporn Wasita , Hardianti Besse , Pongrakhananon Varisa 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCancer has a considerably higher fatality rate than other diseases globally and is one of the most lethal and profoundly disruptive ailments. The increasing incidence of cancer among humans is one of the greatest challenges in the field of healthcare. A significant factor in the initiation and progression of tumorigenesis is the dysregulation of physiological processes governing cell death, which results in the survival of cancerous cells. B‐cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl‐2) family members play important roles in several cancer‐related processes. Drug research and development have identified various promising natural compounds that demonstrate potent anticancer effects by specifically targeting Bcl‐2 family proteins and their associated signaling pathways. This comprehensive review highlights the substantial roles of Bcl‐2 family proteins in regulating apoptosis, including the intricate signaling pathways governing the activity of these proteins, the impact of reactive oxygen species, and the crucial involvement of proteasome degradation and the stress response. Furthermore, this review discusses advances in the exploration and potential therapeutic applications of natural compounds and small molecules targeting Bcl‐2 family proteins and thus provides substantial scientific information and therapeutic strategies for cancer management.
Change in health‐related quality of life at early follow‐up in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Ivarsson Bodil , Johansson Anders , Kjellström Barbro 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSymptoms associated with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) or chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) impact patient's health‐related quality of life (HRQoL). Studies on change and if a minimal clinically important difference (MCID) in HRQoL is reached within a year after diagnosis are lacking. The aim was to investigate the change in HRQoL as well as the proportion of patients that reached MCID at an early postdiagnosis visit. The study included adult patients from the Swedish PAH & CTEPH registry, diagnosed 2008–2021, with Cambridge Pulmonary Hypertension Outcome Review (CAMPHOR) at time of diagnosis and a follow‐up. Data were analyzed as total population and dichotomized for sex, age (<65 vs. ≥65 years), time of diagnosis (≤2015 vs. >2015) and pulmonary hypertension (PH) subgroups. Data reported as median, interquartile range (IQR), and proportions (%). There were 151 patients (PAH = 119, CTEPH = 32) with an available CAMPHOR score at diagnosis and follow‐up. CAMPHOR total sum was 31 (IQR: 21–43) and 25 (14–36); (p < 0.001) at diagnosis and follow‐up, respectively. At follow‐up, 56% had reached MCID in total sum, while for domains activity, symptoms, and QoL 27%, 33%, and 39% reached MCID, respectively. These results were independent of PH subgroup, diagnosis before or after 2015 and sex. Age below 65 years was related to improvements in activity and worsening of symptoms. In conclusion on a group level, improvements in CAMPHOR total sum as well as all domains were seen in the first year after diagnosis, however, only slightly more than half of the patients reached MCID for CAMPHOR total sum.