bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heat-Induced Structural Changes of Multibilayer Films of Benzylideneaniline- and Salicylideneaniline-Containing Ammonium Amphiphiles
Authors: Nishimi Taisei , Ishikawa Yuichi , Kunitake Toyoki , Sekita Mari , Xu Guiqint , Okuyama Kenji 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
Cast films prepared from benzylideneaniline- and salicylideneaniline-containing ammonium amphiphiles at room temperature possess interdigitated bilayer structures. These molecular assemblies show various types of crystalline modifications above their transition temperatures.
Synthesis of a New Rigid Quinone-Amino Acid and Diels-Alder Extension to Higher Quinones
Authors: Kotha Sambasivarao , Kuki Atsuo 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
Electron deficient cyclic α-amino acid derivatives bearing 1,4-benzoquinone and 1,4-anthraquinone side chains were synthesized by a novel route. The common precursor, 2-amino-4,7-dimethoxy-indan-2-carboxylic acid, may be incorporated into a peptide prior to the final oxidation and annelation reactions.
Selective Preparation of Substituted Maltooligosaccharides through Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Substituted β-Cyclodextrins by Bacterial α-Amylase (Saccharifying Type). A Novel Method for Determining Regiochemical Structure of Disubstituted β-Cyclodextrin
Authors: Fujtta Kahee , Ohta Kazuko , Okabe Yuji , Ishizu Takashi , Yamamoto Takehiko , Minamiura Noshi , Pitha Josef 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
Specifically substituted maltooligosaccharides were prepared through the enzymatic hydrolysis of β-cyclodextrin derivatives by bacterial α-amylase (saccharifying type).
On-line HPLC Determination of Enzymatic Activity of Alkaline Phosphatase in Natural Water Using Spectrofluorometric Detection
Authors: Hirose Akio , Esaka Yukihiro , Ohta Michiru , Haraguchi Hiroki 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
Fundamental studies on the on-line HPLC detection of enzymatic activity of alkaline phosphatase (APase) has been examined, where 4-methylumbelliferyl phosphate was used as a substrate. The technique developed was applied to detection of APase in natural water.
Observation of the Infrared and Raman Spectra of p-Benzoquinodimethane in Low-Temperature Ar Matrices
Authors: Yamakita Yoshihiro , Furukawa Yukio , Tasumi Mitsuo 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
The infrared and Raman spectra of p-benzoquinodimethane have been observed in low-temperature Ar matrices. The infrared spectrum obtained has proved to be more reliable and useful than the existing numerical data on the absorption wavenumbers and qualitative intensities. The Raman spectrum has been observed for the first time. Vibrational assignments of bands characteristic of this quinoid molecule are discussed on an experimental basis.
Effects of Potassium Hexacyanoferrate(II) on Electroless Copper Plating in the Presence of Excess 2,2′,2″-Nitrilotriethanol
Authors: Kondo Koji , Kojima Katsuaki , Ishida Nobumasa , Irie Masahiro 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
With the addition of potassium hexacyanoferrate(II) to the 2,2′2″-nitrilotriethanol (TEA) electroless copper bath, the effects of the plating rate and the deposit quality were examined. The required concentration to improve the quality of the TEA bath was 10 times higher than that in the ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) bath.
Novel Catalysts for Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Iso-Butane to Iso-Butene
Authors: Takita Yusaku , Kurosaki Kazuo , Mizuhara Yukako , Ishihara Tatsumi 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
Oxidation of iso-butane was studied using metal pyrophosphate catalysts and it was found that iso-butene was formed with 82% selectivity over Ni2P2O7 at 550 °C. Zn2P2O7, Cr4(P2O7)3, and Mg2P2O7 showed 60–70% iso-butene selectivity. and 9–22% selectivity to CO and CO2. Deep oxidation into CO and CO2 was promoted over Cu2P2O7 and Sn2P2O7 Only small amounts of oxygenated products such as alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, and carboxylic acids were formed over every catalyst.
1,2-cis-β-Mannopyranoside Formation by the Dimethylphosphinothioate Method
Authors: Yamanoi Takashi , Nakamura Kazumi , Takeyama Hiroshi , Yanagihara Kenji , Inazu Toshiyuki 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
1,2-cis-β-Mannopyranosides were obtained predominantly by reactions of mannopyranosyl dimethylphosphinothioate derivatives with several alcohols in the presence of iodine and a catalytic amount of triphenylmethyl perchlorate as the activator in benzene.
Dehydrogenative Silylation of Ketones with a Bifunctional Organosilane by Rhodium-Pybox Catalysts
Authors: Nagashima Hideo , Ueda Takanori , Nishiyama Hisao , Itoh Kenji 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
Dehydrogenative silylation of ketones with 1,2-bis(dimethylsilyl)ethane is catalyzed by a mixture of RhCl3(pybox) and AgOTf to form the corresponding silylenol ether in high yields. Only one Si-H group of 1,2-bis(dimethylsilyl)ethane is converted to the corresponding silyl enol ether.
Facile Preparation and Charge-Transfer Complexes of Naphtho[1,8-bc:4,5-b′c′]dithiophene and 2,5-Dimethyl and Bis(methylthio) Derivatives
Authors: Takimiya Kazuo , Yashiki Fumihiko , Aso Yoshio , Otsubo Tetsuo , Ogura Fumio 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
Naphtho[1,8-bc:4,5-b′c′]dithiophene was conveniently prepared via annulation of benzo[1,2-b:4,3-b′]dithiophene and converted to 2,5-dimethyl and bis(methylthio) derivatives. The parent and methylthio compounds have a herringbone type of crystal structures, and formed conductive charge-transfer complexes with iodine and with DDQ.
Separation of Rare Earth Metals by the Chelating Resin Functionalized with Lysine-Nα,Nα-diacetic Acid
Authors: Yokoyama Toshiro , Asami Sigeko , Kanesato Masatoshi , Suzuki Toshishige M 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
Adsorption properties of rare earth elements toward a cross-linked polystyrene resin having functional groups structurally similar to nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) have been studied. The selectivity sequence of the resin for a series of rare earth metals was in good accordance with that of the corresponding stability constants of NTA complexes. The chromatographic separation of Pr(III) and Nd(III) has been achieved merely by elution with 0.1 mol dm−3 hydrochloric acid.
A Novel Method in Preparation of Pt/KL Catalyst for Aromatization of Hexane
Authors: Dai Lian-Xin , Sakashita Haru , Tatsumi Takasni 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
It has been found that the addition of KCl to the Pt/KL catalyst prepared by ion exchange greatly improves the catalytic activity and selectivity for benzene formation. At the Cl/Pt molar ratio of 3.3, 99.8% conversion of hexane is obtained with an 88.3% yield of benzene.
Electrocatalytic C-C Double Bond Cleavage Reaction of Styrene with Molecular Oxygen Mediated by CuCl2
Authors: Koyama Toshihiro , Kitani Akira , Ito Sotaro , Sasaki Kazuo 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
The electrocatalytic oxidation of styrene with molecular oxygen in the presence of CuCl2 in an acetonitrile solution promotes C-C double bond cleavage reaction to form benzaldehyde. Continuous supply of Cl− is required to keep the catalytic activity.
Chemical Modification of Hectorite by Interlayer-Polymerization of (3-Aminopropyl)trimethoxysilane
Authors: Iwai Makoto , Shoji Hiroshi , Shimazu Shogo , Uematsu Takayoshi 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
Interlayer-polymerization of (3-aminopropyl)trimethoxysilane (APMS) was carried out in the interlayer of lithium hectorite(LHT), and hectorites modified by “tuning guest” such as alkylammonium hectorite(CnNHT) and pyridinium hectorite (PyHT). XRD measurements revealed that the polymer-LHT complex showed no d001 diffraction peaks, while the polymer-CnNHT and -PyHT complexes had definite basal spacings depending on the guest or the amount of APMS. The polymer-clay complexes were characterized by means of 29Si CP/MAS NMR and FT-IR spectra.
Effects of Additives on the Activity of Palladium Catalysts for Methane Combustion
Authors: Ishihara Tatsumi , Shigematsu Hiroyoshi , Abe Yumi , Takita Yusaku 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
Effects of metal oxide additions on the activity of Pd catalysts for CH4 combustion were examined in this study. Since a high concentration of oxygen on Pd surface can be attained, the addition of metal oxide is useful for enhancing the oxidation activity of Pd. In particular, NiO added Pd catalysts are highly active for CH4 combustion, and complete oxidation of CH4 can be attained below 823 K.
High Catalytic Activity of trans-[FeCl2(cyclam)]+ for Peroxidation of Linolenic Acid
Authors: Nishida Yuzo , Tanaka Noriko , Takahashi Shigeyuki 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
The reaction mixture of trans-[FeCl2(cyclam)]+ and linolenic acid exhibited high ability for degradation of tetraphenylcyclopentadienone, one of the famous singlet oxygen(1Δg) quenchers, and the peroxidation of linolenic acid was found to proceed in this solution.
Voltammetric Study on CO2 Reduction Electrocatalyzed by Cobalt Tetraphenylporphine in DMF Solution
Authors: Tezuka Meguru , Iwasaki Masakazu 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
The homogeneous catalysis of cobalt tetraphenylporphine (CoTPP) in the electroreduction of CO2 was investigated by means of cyclic voltammetry (CV). Based on the kinetical treatment of the data, the rate constant for the electron transfer to CO2 from CoTPP dianion could be determined and the activation energy of the step was estimated as 34.5 kJ/mol.
Novel Dinuclear d10-Metallophosphazenes with Unusual Solution Fluxionalities. Synthesis and Structures of [ICu(μ,η3,η3-L)CuI] and [Cl2Zn(μ,η2,η3-L)ZnCl2] (L = Hexakis(3,5-dimethylpyrazolyl)cyclotriphosphazene)
Authors: Min Dongwon , Do Youngkyu 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
Reaction of hexakis(3,5-dimethylpyrazolyl)cyclotriphosphazene(L) with three fold excess amount of MXn in CH2Cl2 gave unprecedented dinuclear metallophosphazenes [XnM(μ-L)MXn] (MXn = CuI, ZnCl2) which show not only novel coordination behaviour of L but also unusual solution fluxionalities involving two metal centers.
Temperature Dependence of Reflectivity in MnSr0.7Ca0.3O3
Authors: Kuroda Masanori , Yokogawa Kiyoshi 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
We measured the temperature dependence of the optical reflection spectrum of MnSr0.7Ca0.3O3, which was prepared by the solid reaction method. It was found that the compound showed distinct optical spectrum change in the cryogenic temperature.
Novel Electro-responsive Property of Polyether-polycarbamate Solution
Authors: Uemura Takashi , Minagawa Keiji , Koyama Kiyohito 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
A polyether-polycarbamate copolymer was prepared by condensation of polypropylene glycol and 4,4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate. Shear viscosity and dynamic viscoelasticity measurements under an external electric field elucidated that both the viscosity and storage modulus of the copolymer solution reversibly decrease responding to an electric field. This unique response is opposite to the characteristics of so-called electrorheological fluids.
Synthesis of N-terminal Truncated Peptides of Human Epidermal Growth Factor (h-EGF)
Authors: Shin Song Yub , Shimizu Midori , Munekata Eisuke 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
The N-terminal truncated derivatives of h-EGF showed the correct three disulfide linkages in oxidative refolding process and equipotent activity in both the EGF-receptor binding and mitogenesis assay, as compared with authentic h-EGF. This results suggested that the N-terminus of h-EGF have no significant effect on the formation of the correct disulfide linkages and its biological activity.
Enhanced Quantum Yield in Porphyrin Solar Cell with Redox Chain for Electron Transfer
Authors: Takahashi Kohshin , Nakatani Sei-ichiro , Matsuda Tsutomu , Nanbu Hideki , Komura Teruhisa , Murata Kazuhiko 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
The Al/HD/MC/Au sandwich-type photovoltaic cell exhibits a relatively large photocurrent quantum yield of 39% at 445 nm when illuminated with the light of 21.5 μWcm−2 intensity at the Al/HD interface, where MC and HD represent 3-carboxymethyl-5-[(3-ethyl-2(3H)-benzothiazolylidine)ethylidene]-2-thioxo-4-thiazolidinone and a heterodimer consisting of 5,10,15-tri(4-chlorophenyl)-20-(3-pyridyl)porphyrin (H2pyp3p(Cl)) and 5,10,15,20-tetra(2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)porphyrinatozinc (Zntpp(OMe)2), respectively.
A Novel Cyclic Pentapeptide with a β-Hydroxy-γ-chloroproline from Aster tataricus
Authors: Morita Hiroshi , Nagashima Shinji , Takeya Koichi , Itokawa Hideji 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
A novel cyclic pentapeptide with a β-hydroxy-γ-chloroproline residue, named astin I was isolated from the roots of Aster tataricus and the structure was elucidated by the spectroscopic methods.
An Efficient Synthesis of cis-Hydroindan-5-ones by Novel Modified de Mayo Reaction Using 2,3-Dihydro-4-pyrones as the Enone Chromophore
Authors: Sato Masayuki , Sunami Satoshi , Kogawa Tomoyuki , Kaneko Chikara 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
A de Mayo type cyclobutane ring opening of the photo[2 + 2]cycloadduct derived from 2,3-dihydro-4-pyrones and cyclopentene was effected by heating the adduct under an acid catalysis. The 1,2-disubstituted cyclopentanes thus formed spontaneously underwent intramolecular Michael addition to afford cis-hydroindan-5-ones in satisfactory yields.
Novel Imidazolium Benzimidazolate Inner Salts Containing Pentamethylene and Polyether Interannular Spacers. Synthesis and Structural Aspects
Authors: Alcalde Ermitas , Dinarés Immaculada , Pons Josep-María , Roca Tomás 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
For several analogues of heterocyclic betaines 2 and 3, the high dipolar character, due to terminal rings with extreme characteristics within heteroaromatic systems, and the nature of the linkers, had a dominant influence upon their physico-chemical properties in solution. Their structural features enhanced non-covalent interactions inducing coiled conformations.
Effect of a Lithocholic Acid Derivative on the Molecular Packing and Stability of Phospholipid Vesicles
Authors: Li Zi-Chen , Li Fu-Mian , Arase Shinya , Takeoka Shinji , Tsuchida Eishun 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
A lithocholic acid derivative having high compatibility with phospholipid was synthesized and incorporated to the phospholipid bilayer membrane. A significant influence of it on the molecular packing and the stability enhancement of the vesicle suspension were clarified by a fluorescence depolarization method and a turbidity measurement, respectively.
Catalytic Combustion of Carbon Monoxide over YBa2Cu3Ox Electroconductive Catalyst
Authors: Kikuchi Eiichi , Ishihara Tatsuya , Hondoh Masaki 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
Yittrium barium copper oxide (YBa2Cu3Ox), known as high-Tc superconductor was used as an electroconductive catalyst and its characteristics in carbon monoxide oxidation were investigated. When direct current of 3 V was charged, YBa2Cu3Ox was heated to about 450 °C, at which it catalyzed CO oxidation.
Internet Exchanges for Used Books: An Empirical Analysis of Product Cannibalization and Welfare Impact
Authors: Ghose Anindya , Smith Michael D. , Telang Rahul 
Published: March 2006

Information systems and the Internet have facilitated the creation of used-product markets that feature a dramatically wider selection, lower search costs, and lower prices than their brick-and-mortar counterparts do. The increased viability of these used-product markets has caused concern among content creators and distributors, notably the Association of American Publishers and Author’s Guild, who believe that used-product markets will significantly cannibalize new product sales. This proposition, while theoretically possible, is based on speculation as opposed to empirical evidence. In this paper, we empirically analyze the degree to which used products cannibalize new-product sales for books—one of the most prominent used-product categories sold online. To do this, we use a unique data set collected from Amazon.com’s new and used book marketplaces to measure the degree to which used products cannibalize new-product sales. We then use these estimates to measure the resulting first-order changes in publisher welfare and consumer surplus. Our analysis suggests that used books are poor substitutes for new books for most of Amazon’s customers. The cross-price elasticity of new-book demand with respect to used-book prices is only 0.088. As a result, only 16% of used-book sales at Amazon cannibalize new-book purchases. The remaining 84% of used-book sales apparently would not have occurred at Amazon’s new-book prices. Further, our estimates suggest that this increase in book readership from Amazon’s used-book marketplace increases consumer surplus by approximately $67.21 million annually. This increase in consumer surplus, together with an estimated $45.05 million loss in publisher welfare and a $65.76 million increase in Amazon’s profits, leads to an increase in total welfare to society of approximately $87.92 million annually from the introduction of used-book markets at Amazon.com.
Understanding Conceptual Schemas: Exploring the Role of Application and IS Domain Knowledge
Authors: Khatri Vijay , Vessey Iris , Ramesh V. , Clay Paul , Park Sung-Jin 
Published: March 2006

Although information systems (IS) problem solving involves knowledge of both the IS and application domains, little attention has been paid to the role of application domain knowledge. In this study, which is set in the context of conceptual modeling, we examine the effects of both IS and application domain knowledge on different types of schema understanding tasks: syntactic and semantic comprehension tasks and schema-based problem-solving tasks. Our thesis was that while IS domain knowledge is important in solving all such tasks, the role of application domain knowledge is contingent upon the type of understanding task under investigation. We use the theory of cognitive fit to establish theoretical differences in the role of application domain knowledge among the different types of schema understanding tasks. We hypothesize that application domain knowledge does not influence the solution of syntactic and semantic comprehension tasks for which cognitive fit exists, but does influence the solution of schema-based problem-solving tasks for which cognitive fit does not exist. To assess performance on different types of conceptual schema understanding tasks, we conducted a laboratory experiment in which participants with high- and low-IS domain knowledge responded to two equivalent conceptual schemas that represented high and low levels of application knowledge (familiar and unfamiliar application domains). As expected, we found that IS domain knowledge is important in the solution of all types of conceptual schema understanding tasks in both familiar and unfamiliar applications domains, and that the effect of application domain knowledge is contingent on task type. Our findings for the EER model were similar to those for the ER model. Given the differential effects of application domain knowledge on different types of tasks, this study highlights the importance of considering more than one application domain in designing future studies on conceptual modeling.
Oxidation Fundamentals and Its Application to Turbine Oil Testing
Authors: Gatto VJ , Moehle WE , Cobb TW , Schneller ER 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
The current turbine oil oxidation bench tests have been in place for many years. Recently, however, the basestocks used to formulate these lubricants have changed significantly. Traditional basestocks, containing high levels of aromatics and sulfur, have been substantially displaced by more highly refined basestocks, which have very low levels of aromatics and almost no sulfur. Over time it has become clear that the oxidation performance of the different basestock classes is quite different. One key question, however, remains unanswered. “What modifications are required in current bench tests to adequately mimic oxidation processes in modern turbine lubricants?” In order to adequately address this critical question, the fundamentals of lubricant oxidation and stabilization will be discussed. Data will be presented on the oxidation of different basestocks under varying conditions of temperature, metal catalysts and antioxidant type, using model bulk oil oxidation tests. The data highlights the fundamental oxidation mechanisms that can occur in turbine oil systems and new test methods are proposed.
Online Fund-Raising Mechanisms: A Field Experiment
Authors: Chen Yan , Li Xin , MacKie-Mason Jeffrey K 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
We implemented one of the first web-based online field experiments of fund-raising. We embedded our experiment in the Internet Public Library to test four mechanisms: Voluntary Contribution (VCM), Premium, Seed Money and Matching. Although the gift size is not significantly different across mechanisms, the Seed and Matching mechanisms each generate significantly higher user click-through response rate than the Premium mechanism. Because this is one of the earliest embedded, web-based field experiments, we report our methodology findings in some detail. Cookies work better as participant assignment techniques than pop-up windows and elicitation of geographic information. Participant clickstream data that nominally demonstrate a desire to donate is a poor predictor of actual giving.
Breath Figures as a Dynamic Templating Method for Polymers and Nanomaterials
Authors: Bunz U. H. F. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThis review describes the use of breath figures as a templating method for the fabrication of self‐assembled polymeric‐ and nanoparticle‐based micro‐ and nanostructures. If moist air is blown over a solution of a polymer or stabilized nanoparticles in an organic solvent, such as carbon disulfide, benzene, or chloroform, evaporative cooling leads to the formation of water droplets on the liquid surface. The monodisperse droplets arrange into a hexagonal array and sink into the polymer solution. Removal of the solvent and the water leaves an imprint of the water droplets as a hollow, air‐filled, hexagonally ordered, polymeric bubble array. Progress in the field of breath‐figure formation is reviewed. The application of breath figures for the generation of functional structures in chemistry and materials science is discussed.
Photoluminescent carbon nanocapsule/polycyanate composites with hydrogen bond interactions
Authors: Su Fu‐Kun , Hong Jin‐Long , Liao Guei‐Fe , Lin Lieh‐Li , Hwang Gan‐Lin , Day Tzy‐Chin 
Published: March 2006

AbstractDispersion of carbon nanocapsules (CNC) in a liquid aromatic dicyanate, 4,4′‐ethylidenediphenyldicyanate (LECy), and in the polycyanate (PCn) resin, derived from the subsequent cure of LECy, was attempted in this study. CNC was primarily oxidized to introduce carboxylic acid groups to yield carboxylated CNC (CNC‐COOHs), which can then be dispersed in the monomeric LECy through hydrogen bond (H‐bond) interactions between COOHs in CNC‐COOHs and cyanate (OCN) groups in LECy. Upon heating, the constituent LECy proceeds to polycyclotrimerization to generate a PCn resin, with s‐triazine rings as the crosslinking points. Here, the inherent s‐triazine rings serve as H‐bond sites to COOHs in CNC‐COOHs and effectively promote the homogeneity in the resulting CNC‐COOHs/PCn composites; further, the H‐bond interactions were confirmed by infrared spectroscopy. The CNC‐COOHs clusters in the liquid LECy were characterized using light scattering, to reveal a wide‐range of size distribution with a mean diameter of 278 ± 25 nm. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was further applied to show the well dispersion of CNC‐COOHs clusters in the PCn matrix phase of the resulting composite. The absorption and emission spectra of the resulting CNC‐COOHs/PCn blend were also determined to show their characteristic properties of the photoluminescence (PL) of CNC‐COOHs and PCn components. The emission spectrum of the resulting CNC‐COOHs/PCn blend was bathochromically shifted compared with the pure PCn. This energy‐transfer process is due to π–π electron overlapping of aromatic ring between the PCn matrix and the CNC‐COOHs, resulting in the extended conjugated lengths. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 3784–3788, 2006