bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deciphering metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease: insights from predictive modeling and clustering analysis
Authors: Mori Kazuma , Akiyama Yukinori , Tanaka Marenao , Sato Tatsuya , Endo Keisuke , Hosaka Itaru , Hanawa Nagisa , Sakamoto Naoya , Furuhashi Masato 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackground and AimNew nomenclature of steatotic liver disease (SLD) including metabolic dysfunction‐associated SLD (MASLD), MASLD and increased alcohol intake (MetALD), and alcohol‐associated liver disease (ALD) has recently been proposed. We investigated clustering analyses to decipher the complex landscape of SLD pathologies including the former nomenclature of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and metabolic dysfunction‐associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD).MethodsJapanese individuals who received annual health checkups including abdominal ultrasonography (n = 15 788, men/women: 10 250/5538, mean age: 49 years) were recruited.ResultsThe numbers of individuals with SLD, MASLD, MetALD, ALD, NAFLD, and MAFLD were 5603 (35.5%), 4227 (26.8%), 795 (5.0%), 324 (2.1%), 3982 (25.8%), and 4946 (31.3%), respectively. Clustering analyses using t‐distributed stochastic neighbor embedding and K‐means to visually represent interconnections in SLDs uncovered five cluster formations. MASLD and NAFLD mainly shared three clusters including (i) low alcohol intake with relatively low‐grade obesity; (ii) obesity with dyslipidemia; and (iii) dysfunction of glucose metabolism. Both MetALD and ALD displayed one distinct cluster intertwined with alcohol consumption. MAFLD widely shared all of the five clusters. In machine learning‐based analyses using algorithms of random forest and extreme gradient boosting and receiver operating characteristic curve analyses, fatty liver index (FLI), calculated by body mass index, waist circumference, and levels of γ‐glutamyl transferase and triglycerides, was selected as a useful feature for SLDs.ConclusionsThe new nomenclature of SLDs is useful for obtaining a better understanding of liver pathologies and for providing valuable insights into predictive factors and the dynamic interplay of diseases. FLI may be a noninvasive predictive marker for detection of SLDs.
Efficacy of pharmacologic interventions on magnetic resonance imaging biomarkers in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: systematic review and network meta‐analysis
Authors: Malandris Konstantinos , Papandreou Stylianos , Vasilakou Despoina , Kakotrichi Panagiota , Sarakapina Anna , Kalopitas Georgios , Karagiannis Thomas , Giouleme Olga , Bekiari Eleni , Liakos Aris , Iatridi Fotini , Paschos Paschalis , Sinakos Emmanouil , Tsapas Apostolos 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackground and AimSeveral agents are under investigation for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We assessed the comparative efficacy of pharmacologic interventions for patients with NAFLD focusing on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) biomarkers.MethodsWe searched Medline, Embase, and CENTRAL. We included randomized controlled trials of more than 12 weeks of intervention that recruited patients with biopsy‐confirmed or MRI‐confirmed NAFLD and assessed the efficacy of interventions on liver fat content (LFC) and fibrosis by means of MRI. We performed random‐effects frequentist network meta‐analyses and assessed confidence in our estimates using the CINeMA (Confidence in Network Meta‐Analysis) approach.ResultsWe included 47 trials (8583 patients). Versus placebo, thiazolidinediones were the most efficacious for the absolute change in LFC, followed by vitamin E, fibroblast growth factor (FGF) analogs, and glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists (GLP‐1 RAs) with mean differences ranging from −7.46% (95% confidence interval [−11.0, −3.9]) to −4.36% (−7.2, −1.5). No differences between drug classes were evident. Patients receiving GLP‐1 RAs or glucose‐dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP)/GLP‐1 RAs were more likely to achieve ≥30% relative reduction in LFC. Among agents, efruxifermin produced the largest reduction in LFC compared to placebo [−13.5% (−18.5, −8.5)], followed by pioglitazone, while being superior to most interventions. The effect of interventions on magnetic resonance elastography assessed fibrosis was small and insignificant. The confidence in our estimates was low to very low.ConclusionsSeveral drug classes may reduce LFC in patients with NAFLD without a significant effect on fibrosis; nevertheless, trial duration was small, and confidence in the effect estimates was low.
OsATL32 ubiquitinates the reactive oxygen species‐producing OsRac5–OsRbohB module to suppress rice immunity
Authors: Yan Yuqing , Wang Hui , Bi Yan , Wang Jiajing , Noman Muhammad , Li Dayong , Song Fengming 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACTUbiquitination‐mediated protein degradation is integral to plant immunity, with E3 ubiquitin ligases acting as key factors in this process. Here, we report the functions of OsATL32, a plasma membrane‐localized Arabidopsis Tóxicos En Levadura (ATL)‐type E3 ubiquitin ligase, in rice (Oryza sativa) immunity and its associated regulatory network. We found that the expression of OsATL32 is downregulated in both compatible and incompatible interactions between rice and the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. The OsATL32 protein level declines in response to infection by a compatible M. oryzae strain or to chitin treatment. OsATL32 negatively regulates rice resistance to blast and bacterial leaf blight diseases, as well as chitin‐triggered immunity. Biochemical and genetic studies revealed that OsATL32 suppresses pathogen‐induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation by mediating ubiquitination and degradation of the ROS‐producing OsRac5–OsRbohB module, which enhances rice immunity against M. oryzae. The protein phosphatase PHOSPHATASE AND TENSIN HOMOLOG enhances rice blast resistance by dephosphorylating OsATL32 and promoting its degradation, preventing its negative effect on rice immunity. This study provides insights into the molecular mechanism by which the E3 ligase OsATL32 targets a ROS‐producing module to undermine rice immunity.
Exploring adult inpatients' perceptions, understanding and preferences regarding the term ‘malnutrition’: A qualitative study
Authors: Mackay Sarah , Botero Liliana , Bell Jack , Young Adrienne 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAimsTo explore adult inpatients' perceptions, understanding and preferences regarding the term ‘malnutrition’ and to identify the terms that adult inpatients report are used by themselves and health workers to describe malnutrition.DesignThis qualitative study was conducted using data collected for a separate qualitative study that investigated factors that influence the dietary intake of long‐stay, acute adult inpatients.MethodsSemi‐structured interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of current inpatients. Data were analysed using inductive content analysis.ResultsNineteen interviews were included (mean age 64 years (standard deviation ±17), 10 female (53%), 12 malnourished (63%)). Four categories were identified. ‘Variation in patients' recognition of malnutrition’ represents the differing abilities of patients to understand and identify with the term ‘malnutrition’. ‘Recognising individuals' needs and preferences’ highlights patients' varying beliefs regarding whether ‘malnutrition’ is or is not an appropriate term and participants' suggestion that health workers should tailor the term used to each patient. ‘Inconsistencies in health workers' and patients' practice regarding malnutrition terminology’ encapsulates the multiple terms that were used to describe malnutrition by health workers and patients. ‘Importance of malnutrition education’ summarises patients' views that health workers should provide patient education on malnutrition prevention, management and complications.ConclusionFindings highlight variations in patients' perceptions and understanding of the term ‘malnutrition’ and differences in the terms used by patients and health workers to describe malnutrition.Implications for the Profession and/or Patient CareThe terminology used by health workers to describe malnutrition risk or malnutrition to their patients can influence patients' recognition of their nutritional status and thus the multidisciplinary management of the condition. To ensure that patients receive information about their malnutrition risk or diagnosis in a way that meets their needs, health workers' practices must be revised. To do this, it is imperative to conduct further collaborative research with patients and health workers to identify optimum terms for ‘malnutrition’ and how health workers should communicate this to patients.Impact

There is a disparity in patients' perceptions, understanding and preferences for the term ‘malnutrition’ and there are inconsistencies in how health workers communicate malnutrition to patients.

To support patients' recognition and understanding of their nutritional status, it is imperative for health workers to consider how they discuss malnutrition with patients.

Reporting MethodAdheres to the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research (Tong et al., 2007).Patient or Public ContributionNo Patient or Public Contribution.
Parental identity and socialization mediate parental racial discrimination's impact on child adjustment
Authors: Zhu Qianyu , Wang Cixin , Cheah Charissa S. L. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe study explored the mediating role of Chinese American parents' ethnic–racial identity (ERI) in linking their discrimination experiences, ethnic–racial socialization (ERS), and their children's mental health, testing whether neighborhood racial diversity and perceived Chinese density moderated these mediation paths.BackgroundDuring COVID‐19, Chinese American families faced increased discrimination, impacting their mental well‐being. However, few studies have examined how parents' discrimination experiences influence their ERI, ERS practice, and ultimately their children's mental health difficulties.MethodData from 294 Chinese immigrant parents (Mage = 44.28, 79% female) were collected in two waves, 2020 and 2021. Path analysis tested if parental discrimination affects their ERI and ERS, and children's mental health. Multigroup analysis assessed if mediation models varied for families living in communities with low versus high racial diversity or Chinese density.ResultsParental racism‐related stress at T1 had significant indirect effects on parental ERS practices (higher use of maintenance of heritage culture and lower use of avoidance of outgroups practice) at T2 via parental ERI (greater private regard) at T2. Parental racial discrimination (perceived sinophobia in the media and racism‐related stress) at T1 had significant indirect effects on children's mental health difficulties at T2 via parental ERS practices (use of maintenance of heritage culture and avoidance of outgroups practices) at T2. The neighborhood racial diversity moderated the mediation model.ConclusionThese findings advance the understanding of both individual (i.e., parental ERI) and contextual factors (i.e., neighborhood racial diversity) in the complex associations between parents' discrimination experiences and children's mental health difficulties.
Birds of a Feather are Punished Together, or Not? Examining Heterogeneity in Career Advancements of Minority Groups
Authors: Syakhroza Maima Aulia , Lodge Jan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn this study we examine the heterogeneous effects of being affiliated with different minority groups on employees’ career advancements in organizations. We draw on the categories literature and its concept of category distance to hypothesize why some minority groups may be more (dis)advantaged than others in their career advancements. To do so, we define category distance in terms of shared identity markers between groups, where identity markers are salient attributes that audiences commonly associate a group with. We test our hypotheses among religious minority groups using employment data from a large Indonesian government organization. Our results indicate that minority groups closer in distance to the organizational majority group are more penalized in their career advancements than minority groups further in distance. These results hold both at the group and at the individual level. Through our study we make contributions to the literatures on careers, categories, and the burgeoning study of religion in organizations. We conclude with implications for practice.
Isotopically nonstationary metabolic flux analysis of plants: recent progress and future opportunities
Authors: Koley Somnath , Jyoti Poonam , Lingwan Maneesh , Allen Doug K. 
Published: April 2024

SummaryMetabolic flux analysis (MFA) is a valuable tool for quantifying cellular phenotypes and to guide plant metabolic engineering. By introducing stable isotopic tracers and employing mathematical models, MFA can quantify the rates of metabolic reactions through biochemical pathways. Recent applications of isotopically nonstationary MFA (INST‐MFA) to plants have elucidated nonintuitive metabolism in leaves under optimal and stress conditions, described coupled fluxes for fast‐growing algae, and produced a synergistic multi‐organ flux map that is a first in MFA for any biological system. These insights could not be elucidated through other approaches and show the potential of INST‐MFA to correct an oversimplified understanding of plant metabolism.
Positional cloning and characterization reveal the role of TaSRN‐3D and TaBSR1 in the regulation of seminal root number in wheat
Authors: Chen Zhaoyan , Li Xuanshuang , He Fei , Liu Bin , Xu Weiya , Chai Lingling , Cheng Xuejiao , Song Long , Guo Weilong , Hu Zhaorong , Su Zhenqi , Liu Jie , Xin Mingming , Peng Huiru , Yao Yingyin , Sun Qixin , Xing Jiewen , Ni Zhongfu 
Published: April 2024

Summary
Seminal roots play a critical role in water and nutrient absorption, particularly in the early developmental stages of wheat. However, the genes responsible for controlling SRN in wheat remain largely unknown.
Genetic mapping and functional analyses identified a candidate gene (TraesCS3D01G137200, TaSRN‐3D) encoding a Ser/Thr kinase glycogen synthase kinase 3 (STKc_GSK3) that regulated SRN in wheat. Additionally, experiments involving hormone treatment, nitrate absorption and protein interaction were conducted to explore the regulatory mechanism of TaSRN‐3D.
Results showed that the TaSRN‐3D4332 allele inhibited seminal roots initiation and development, while loss‐of‐function mutants showed significantly higher seminal root number (SRN). Exogenous application of epi‐brassinolide could increase the SRN in a HS2‐allelic background. Furthermore, chlorate sensitivity and 15N uptake assays revealed that a higher number of seminal roots promoted nitrate accumulation. TaBSR1 (BIN2‐related SRN Regulator 1, orthologous to OsGRF4/GL2 in rice) acts as an interactor of TaSRN‐3D and promotes TaBSR1 degradation to reduce SRN.
This study provides valuable insights into understanding the genetic basis and regulatory network of SRN in wheat, highlighting their roles as potential targets for root‐based improvement in wheat breeding.
Ventricular response as a predictor of the termination of sustained paroxysmal atrial fibrillation
Authors: Huang Jen‐Hung , Lin Yung‐Kuo , Hsieh Ming‐Hsiung , Chen Shih‐Ann , Chen Yi‐Jen 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundAtrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained atrial arrhythmia. Accurate detection of the timing and possibility of AF termination is vital for optimizing rhythm and rate control strategies. The present study evaluated whether the ventricular response (VR) in AF offers a distinctive electrocardiographic indicator for predicting AF termination.MethodsPatients experiencing sustained paroxysmal AF for more than 3 h were observed using 24‐h ambulatory Holter monitoring. VR within 5 min before AF termination (VR 0–5 min, BAFT) was compared with VR observed during the 60th to 65th min (VR 60–65 min, BAFT) and the 120th to 125th min (VR 120–125 min, BAFT) before AF termination. Maximum and minimum VRs were calculated on the basis of the average of the highest and lowest VRs across 10 consecutive heartbeats.ResultsData from 37 episodes of paroxysmal AF revealed that the minimum VR0–5 min, BAFT (64 ± 20 bpm) was significantly faster than both the minimum VR120–125 min, BAFT (56 ± 15 bpm) and the minimum VR60–65 min, BAFT (57 ± 16 bpm, p < .05). Similarly, the maximum VR0–5 min, BAFT (158 ± 49 bpm) was significantly faster than the maximum VR120–125 min, BAFT (148 ± 45 bpm, p < .05). In the daytime, the minimum VR0–5 min, BAFT (66 ± 20 bpm) was significantly faster than both the minimum VR60–65 min, BAFT (58 ± 17 bpm) and minimum VR120–125 min, BAFT (57 ± 15 bpm, p < .05). However, the mean and maximum VR0–5 min, BAFT in the daytime were similar to the mean and maximum VR120–125 min in the daytime, respectively. At night, the minimum, mean, and maximum VR0–5 min, BAFT were similar to the minimum, mean, and maximum VR120–125 min, respectively.ConclusionsElevated VR rates during AF episodes may be predictors for the termination of AF, especially during the daytime and in patients with nondilated left atria. These findings may guide the development of clinical approaches to rhythm control in AF.
Far‐red light enrichment affects gene expression and architecture as well as growth and photosynthesis in rice
Authors: Huber Martina , de Boer Hugo Jan , Romanowski Andrés , van Veen Hans , Buti Sara , Kahlon Parvinderdeep S. , van der Meijden Jannes , Koch Jeroen , Pierik Ronald 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPlants use light as a resource and signal. Photons within the 400–700 nm waveband are considered photosynthetically active. Far‐red photons (FR, 700–800 nm) are used by plants to detect nearby vegetation and elicit the shade avoidance syndrome. In addition, FR photons have also been shown to contribute to photosynthesis, but knowledge about these dual effects remains scarce. Here, we study shoot‐architectural and photosynthetic responses to supplemental FR light during the photoperiod in several rice varieties. We observed that FR enrichment only mildly affected the rice transcriptome and shoot architecture as compared to established model species, whereas leaf formation, tillering and biomass accumulation were clearly promoted. Consistent with this growth promotion, we found that CO2‐fixation in supplemental FR was strongly enhanced, especially in plants acclimated to FR‐enriched conditions as compared to control conditions. This growth promotion dominates the effects of FR photons on shoot development and architecture. When substituting FR enrichment with an end‐of‐day FR pulse, this prevented photosynthesis‐promoting effects and elicited shade avoidance responses. We conclude that FR photons can have a dual role, where effects depend on the environmental context: in addition to being an environmental signal, they are also a potent source of harvestable energy.
Dupilumab treatment of trichothiodystrophy in a child
Authors: Magnaterra Elisabetta , Giovannini Mattia , Filippeschi Cesare , Pedaci Fausto Andrea , Tronconi Greta , Callea Michele , Ricci Silvia , Mori Francesca , Parpagnoli Maria , Oranges Teresa 
Published: April 2024

AbstractTrichothiodystrophy (TTD) is a rare congenital disorder caused by genetic mutations, leading to hair and skin abnormalities. We report successful treatment of a TTD case using dupilumab, a monoclonal antibody targeting IL‐4Rα. The patient, a 7‐year‐old boy, exhibited significant improvement in skin and hair conditions, suggesting the potential of dupilumab as a therapeutic option for TTD. Further research is needed to elucidate its mechanism and efficacy in TTD treatment.
A disparity‐aware Siamese network for building change detection in bi‐temporal remote sensing images
Authors: Li Yansheng , Li Xinwei , Chen Wei , Zhang Yongjun 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBuilding change detection has various applications, such as urban management and disaster assessment. Along with the exponential growth of remote sensing data and computing power, an increasing number of deep‐learning‐based remote sensing building change detection methods have been proposed in recent years. Objectively, the overwhelming majority of existing methods can perfectly deal with the change detection of low‐rise buildings. By contrast, high‐rise buildings often present a large disparity in multitemporal high‐resolution remote sensing images, which degrades the performance of existing methods dramatically. To alleviate this problem, we propose a disparity‐aware Siamese network for detecting building changes in bi‐temporal high‐resolution remote sensing images. The proposed network utilises a cycle‐alignment module to address the disparity problem at both the image and feature levels. A multi‐task learning framework with joint semantic segmentation and change detection loss is used to train the entire deep network, including the cycle‐alignment module in an end‐to‐end manner. Extensive experiments on three publicly open building change detection datasets demonstrate that our method achieves significant improvements on datasets with severe building disparity and state‐of‐the‐art performance on datasets with minimal building disparity simultaneously.
Examining emotional belief expressions of advocacy coalitions in Arkansas' gender identity politics
Authors: Fullerton Allegra H. , Weible Christopher M. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMany theories and approaches to policy studies have recently begun to question and research how emotions interact with peoples' understanding and behaviors, especially in policy and politics. This paper builds on and contributes to studying emotions in policy and politics via the advocacy coalition framework (ACF). In applying Emotional‐Belief Analysis, this paper examines the legislative testimony on one of the US' first gender‐affirming care (GAC) bans. It shows that those testifying can be organized in competing advocacy coalitions with distinct emotion‐belief expressions in combination with deep core and policy core beliefs. Moreover, expressions of negative emotions and policy core beliefs display significant and the largest effects in explaining coalition affiliation and shared views of the bill banning GAC. The conclusion summarizes the paper's empirical themes with suggestions for incorporating emotions more into the ACF and the broader policy studies field.
Recent advances in early pregnancy loss diagnosis in dairy cows: New approaches
Authors: Gui Lin‐Sen , Dai Tian‐Shu , Guo Xing‐Ru , Wei Shi‐Hao , Ma Zi‐Ming , Yang Di , Ding Bao‐Long , Xiang Hui , Yu Yong‐Tao , Dan Xin‐Gang 
Published: April 2024

AbstractEarly pregnancy loss is a primary cause of low reproductive rates in dairy cows, posing severe economic losses to dairy farming. The accurate diagnosis of dairy cows with early pregnancy loss allows for oestrus synchronization, shortening day open, and increasing the overall conception rate of the herd. Several techniques are available for detecting early pregnancy loss in dairy cows, including rectal ultrasound, circulating blood progesterone, and pregnancy‐associated glycoproteins (PAGs). Yet, there is a need to improve on existing techniques and develop novel strategies to identify cows with early pregnancy loss accurately. This manuscript reviews the applications of rectal ultrasound, circulating blood progesterone concentration, and PAGs in the diagnosis of pregnancy loss in dairy cows. The manuscript also discusses the recent progress of new technologies, including colour Doppler ultrasound (CDUS), interferon tau‐induced genes (ISGs), and exosomal miRNA in diagnosing pregnancy loss in dairy cows. This study will provide an option for producers to re‐breed cows with pregnancy loss, thereby reducing the calving interval and economic costs. Meanwhile, this manuscript might also act as a reference for exploring more economical and precise diagnostic technologies for early pregnancy loss in dairy cows.