bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deterministic global optimization of nonlinear dynamic systems
Authors: Lin Youdong , Stadtherr Mark A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA new approach is described for the deterministic global optimization of dynamic systems, including optimal control problems. The method is based on interval analysis and Taylor models and employs a type of sequential approach. A key feature of the method is the use of a new validated solver for parametric ODEs, which is used to produce guaranteed bounds on the solutions of dynamic systems with interval‐valued parameters. This is combined with a new technique for domain reduction based on the use of Taylor models in an efficient constraint propagation scheme. The result is that an ϵ‐global optimum can be found with both mathematical and computational certainty. Computational studies on benchmark problems are presented showing that this new approach provides significant improvements in computational efficiency, well over an order of magnitude in most cases, relative to other recently described methods. © 2007 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2007
Intrapulmonary lymph nodes in South African miners—an autopsy survey
Authors: Honma Koichi , Nelson Gill , Murray Jill 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBackgroundKnowledge on intrapulmonary lymph nodes (IPLNs) is still limited. Progress in imaging techniques has enabled easier, more frequent visualization of IPLNs so that a more comprehensive understanding of these nodes is necessary.MethodsMicroscopic slides of lung tissue from 2,337 dust‐exposed South African miners autopsied in 1975 were reviewed to identify IPLNs. The prevalence of IPLNs was calculated and histopathological changes in IPLNs and the surrounding lung parenchyma were described. Pathological changes of IPLNs were correlated with those of the surrounding pulmonary parenchyma.ResultsIPLNs were found in 86 of the miners (3.7%). Silicotic nodules were seen in IPLNs in 32 of the 86 cases (37.2%), in the majority of which (21/32; 65.6%) the surrounding lung parenchyma was almost normal.ConclusionIPLNs are not uncommon among dust‐exposed individuals. Silicotic fibrosis of IPLNs appears to precede pulmonary parenchymal disease. Am. J. Ind. Med. 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Female fertility and childbirth after ileal pouch–anal anastomosis for ulcerative colitis
Authors: Lepistö A , Sarna S , Tiitinen A , Järvinen H J 
Published: February 2007

Abstract

Background
The aim of this study was to calculate the probability of becoming pregnant after ileal pouch–anal anastomosis (IPAA) for ulcerative colitis, and to evaluate complications during pregnancy and childbirth.

Methods
A questionnaire was posted to 160 women with an IPAA and to 160 controls. The probability of becoming pregnant after IPAA was calculated by the Kaplan–Meier method.

Results
Of 54 women who had undergone IPAA surgery, 36 (67 per cent) succeeded in becoming pregnant naturally, compared with 49 (82 per cent) of 60 controls. The probability of pregnancy after 2 years of trying was 56 per cent in the IPAA group and 91 per cent in the control group (P &lt; 0·001). Women in the IPAA group needed infertility investigations more often (24 versus 10 per cent; P = 0·044). In all, 39 (72 per cent) women in the IPAA group and 53 (88 per cent) in the control group bore a child. Twenty-one of 39 women in the IPAA group and 13 of 53 in the control group had a caesarean section (P = 0·005). Anal incontinence after delivery occurred more often in the control group.

Conclusion
Women with an IPAA mostly suffer a reduction in the probability of conception rather than complete infertility. Because complications during pregnancy and delivery were rare, caesarean section should be based mainly on obstetric indications.
Phytotoxicity of Secondary Metabolites from Aptenia cordifolia
Authors: DellaGreca Marina , Fiorentino Antonio , Izzo Angelina , Napoli Filomena , Purcaro Raffaella , Zarrelli Armando 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFrom the fresh leaves or twigs of Aptenia cordifolia, a total of 29 compounds were isolated, including the new tetranoroxyneolignan 18, the new dilignan 19, and the β‐ionone derivative 27, previously only known as a synthetic compound, together with 26 known compounds. The structures of the new products were determined by 1H‐, 13C‐, and 2D‐NMR, as well as HR‐MS analyses. The phytotoxic effects of the isolates on the germination and growth of the dicotyledon Lactuca sativa L. (lettuce) were studied in the concentration range 10−4 to 10−7 M. Several constituents of A. cordifolia were found to be equally active as or superior to 4‐hydroxybenzoic acid (HBA) used as positive control.
Flavonoids and Other Compounds from the Aerial Parts of Viola etrusca
Authors: Flamini Guido 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe non‐volatile constituents of the rare species Viola etrusca Erben (Violaceae), collected at Mount Amiata, Italy, were phytochemically investigated for the first time. Two new flavonoid glycosides, 4′‐methoxyrhamnetin (1) and violetruscoside (2), an isorhamnetin derivative, were isolated from the flowering aerial parts, together with eleven known substances, including eight flavonoids, a phenolic acid, glycerin, and a coumarin derivative. The NMR data of violanthin (10) and isoviolanthin (11) are reported for the first time.
Chemosystematic Value of Flavonoids from Crataegus x macrocarpa (Rosaceae) with special Emphasis on (R)‐ and (S)‐Eriodictyol‐7‐O‐glucuronide and Luteolin‐7‐O‐glucuronide
Authors: Ringl Alexandra , Prinz Sonja , Huefner Antje , Kurzmann Michael , Kopp Brigitte 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe chemotaxonomic investigation of Crataegus x macrocarpa, a hybrid of C. laevigata and C. rhipidophylla, presents the qualitative and quantitative composition of its flavonoid pattern in relationship to its parent species for the first time. Six flavonoids were identified as vitexin‐2″‐O‐rhamnoside (1), vitexin (2), isovitexin (3), rutin (4), hyperoside (5), and isoquercitrin (6). Furthermore, two flavonoids were isolated from C. x macrocarpa and identified as a diastereoisomeric mixture of (R)‐ and (S)‐eriodictyol‐7‐O‐β‐D‐glucuronide (7) and luteolin‐7‐O‐β‐D‐glucuronide (8) by means of 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR, MS, and UV experiments. Compounds 7 and 8 were isolated for the first time from Crataegus species. While missing in C. laevigata, their occurrence in C. rhipidophylla additionally emphasizes its chemotaxonomic relationship to C. x macrocarpa.
Chemical Components from Gentiana aristata
Authors: Wu Quan‐Xiang , Liu Xia , Shi Yan‐Ping 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTwo new, highly oxygenated ursane‐type triterpenoids with an epidioxy function, compounds 1 and 2, as well as a new stanside‐derived iridoid, compound 10, were isolated from the EtOH extract of Gentiana aristata (whole plant), together with 14 known constituents. The structures of the new compounds were established on the basis of detailed spectroscopic investigations, such as 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR spectroscopy, as well as by means of HR‐MS. Compounds 3 and 5–9 were screened in vitro for their cytotoxicities against human promyelocytic leukemia (HL‐60), human ovarian (HO‐8910), and human lung epithelia (A‐549) cancer cells.
Synthesis of Bisubstrate Inhibitors of Porphobilinogen Synthase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Gacond Sabine , Frère Frederic , Nentwich Merle , Faurite Jean‐Philippe , Frankenberg‐Dinkel Nicole , Neier Reinhard 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPorphobilinogen synthase (PBGS) synthesizes porphobilinogen 2 (PBG), the common precursor of all natural tetrapyrroles, through an asymmetric condensation of two molecules of 5‐aminolevulinic acid 1 (ALA). Symmetrically linked dimers 7–11 derived from levulinic acid 3 (γ‐oxovaleric acid) have been synthesized to mimic the assumed bisubstrate bound to the active site of the enzyme. Their inhibition potential was characterized by determination of the IC50 and Ki values using PBGS from Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The polarity and the size of the functional group linking the two levulinic acid 3 units have a strong influence on the inhibition behavior.
Synthesis and Cytotoxic Evaluation of Novel 7‐O‐Modified Genistein Derivatives
Authors: Zhang Li‐Na , Xiao Zhu‐Ping , Ding Hui , Ge Hui‐Ming , Xu Chen , Zhu Hai‐Liang , Tan Ren‐Xiang 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTwo series of genistein (=5,7‐dihydroxy‐3‐(4‐hydroxyphenyl)‐4H‐1‐benzopyran‐4‐one) derivatives with heterocycles were prepared, in which genistein and heterocyclic moieties were separated by C2 and C3 spacers. Among the 24 compounds we prepared, 22, i.e., 3a–3k and 4a–4k, were reported for the first time, while the preparation of 2a and 2b was reported in our recent paper. The cytotoxic activities of these compounds were evaluated against human chronic myeloid leukemia cells (K562) and a human nasopharyngeal epidermoid tumor cell line (KB). Compounds 4a, 4d, 4e, 4h, and 4i showed remarkable anticancer activities in vitro that are comparable with 5‐fluorouracil, an canonical anticancer drug. Structure–effect relationships were also discussed based on the experimental data obtained.
Predictive value of p53 and pRb expression in superficial bladder cancer patients treated with BCG and interferon‐alpha
Authors: Esuvaranathan Kesavan , Chiong Edmund , Thamboo Thomas Paulraj , Chan Yiong Huak , Kamaraj Revathi , Mahendran Ratha , Teh Ming 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBACKGROUNDNuclear p53 and retinoblastoma protein (pRb) were reported to be poor prognostic indicators for transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. The authors sought to determine the prognostic value of nuclear p53 and pRb in superficial bladder transitional cell carcinoma patients who were treated with intravesical bacille Calmette‐Guerin (BCG) or BCG with interferon‐alpha (IFN‐α).METHODSA prospective histological review was performed for 80 superficial bladder transitional cell carcinoma patients who underwent postresection intravesical regimes of BCG (81mg, n = 33 or 27 mg, n = 20) or BCG (27 mg) with IFN‐α (n = 27), and followed for a mean of 4.5 years. Hematoxylin and eosin (H & E) and immunoperoxidase staining were performed on tissue sections. Nuclear p53 and pRb immunoreactivity were assessed semiquantitatively, by using a combination of staining extent and intensity, to categorize overexpression or underexpression. Data were analyzed by using chi‐square analysis, multiple logistic regression, and Kaplan‐Meier curves.RESULTSpRb expression was not associated with patient outcome after BCG‐alone therapy, but pRb underexpression was significantly associated with BCG nonresponse and tumor recurrence (P = .047) after BCG and IFN‐α (BCG + IFN‐α) therapy. Low‐grade tumors were associated with pRb overexpression, with or without nuclear p53 underexpression (P = .019; P = .043, respectively). p53 expression alone or in combination with pRb expression had no significant relation with tumor response to BCG alone or BCG + IFN‐α with respect to recurrence, progression, or cancer‐specific death.CONCLUSIONSNuclear pRb underexpression may be predictive of nonresponse and cancer recurrence after intravesical BCG + IFN‐α therapy. Nuclear p53 expression or its combination with pRb expression is not associated with post‐BCG clinical outcome, so p53 expression or p53 with pRb expression should not be used to influence decisions concerning BCG‐alone or BCG + IFN‐α therapy. Cancer 2007. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
Rat retinal microglial cells under normal conditions, after optic nerve section, and after optic nerve section and intravitreal injection of trophic factors or macrophage inhibitory factor
Authors: Sobrado‐Calvo Paloma , Vidal‐Sanz Manuel , Villegas‐Pérez María P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractRetinal microglial cells may have a role in both degeneration and neuroprotection of retinal ganglion cells (RGC) after optic nerve (ON) section. We have used NDPase enzymohistochemistry to label adult rat retinal microglial cells and have studied these cells under normal conditions, after left ON section, and after left ON section and eye puncture or intravitreal injection of different substances: vehicle, brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), nerve growth factor (NGF), neurotrophin 3 (NT3), or macrophage inhibitory factor (MIF). Resident microglial cells are present in four layers in the adult rat retina: the nerve fiber layer (NFL), ganglion cell layer (GCL), inner plexiform layer (IPL), and outer plexiform layer (OPL). Left ON section induces microglial activation in the ipsilateral and contralateral retina as manifested by stronger staining intensity in both retinas and increased microglial cell densities in the NFL, IPL, and GCL of the ipsilateral retina. Left ON section followed by left eye puncture or intravitreal injection increases microglial cell density in both retinas and induces changes in the microglial cells of the ipsilateral retina that vary depending on the substance injected: BDNF injections delay microglial activation, possibly through retinal ganglion cell neuroprotection, whereas NT3 partially inhibits microglial activation in the NFL; MIF injections have no clear effects on microglial activation. In conclusion, retinal microglial cells become activated after an ON section and react more intensely when the eye is also punctured or injected, and this response may be altered by using neurotrophic factors, although the effects of MIF are less clear. J. Comp. Neurol. 501:866–878, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Morphological sex differences and laterality in the prepubertal medial amygdala
Authors: Cooke Bradley M. , Stokas Michael R. , Woolley Catherine S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe medial amygdala (MeA) is crucial in the expression of sex‐specific social behaviors. In adult rats the regional volume of the MeA posterodorsal subnucleus (MeApd) is ≈50% larger in males than in females. The MeApd is also sexually dimorphic in prepubertal rats. We have recently shown that the left MeApd is significantly larger in prepubertal males than females. In contrast with volumetric sex differences elsewhere in the brain, however, we found no sex difference in the number of left MeApd neurons. In the present study we investigated the cellular bases of the sex difference in MeApd regional volume by quantifying the volume occupied by dendrites, axons, synapses, or glia, and by measuring MeApd dendritic morphology in 26–29‐day‐old male and female rats. We find that the volume occupied by dendritic shafts and glia completely accounts for the sex difference in left MeApd regional volume. Dendritic length measurements in the left hemisphere confirm that males have greater overall dendritic length, which is due to greater branching rather than to longer dendrite segments. In the right hemisphere the pattern of sex differences was different: Males have more MeApd neurons than females, whereas the dendritic morphology of individual neurons is not sexually dimorphic. These results highlight the importance of evaluating laterality in the MeA and suggest that the left and right MeA could play different roles in neuroendocrine regulation and sexually dimorphic social behaviors. J. Comp. Neurol. 501:904–915, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
CD4+ T lymphocytes enumeration by an easy‐to‐use single platform image cytometer for HIV monitoring in resource‐constrained settings
Authors: Li Xiao , Ymeti Aurel , Lunter Björn , Breukers Christian , Tibbe Arjan G.J. , Terstappen Leon W.M.M. , Greve Jan 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBackground:HIV monitoring in resource‐constrained settings demands affordable and reliable CD4+ T lymphocytes enumeration methods. We developed a simple single platform image cytometer (SP ICM), which is a dedicated volumetric CD4+ T lymphocytes enumeration system that uses immunomagnetic and immunofluorescent technologies. The instrument was designed to be a low‐cost, yet reliable and robust one. In this article we test the instrument and the immunochemical procedures used on blood from HIV negative and HIV positive patients.Methods:After CD4 immunomagnetic labeling in whole blood, CD4+ T lymphocytes, CD4+dim monocytes and some nonspecifically labeled cells are magnetically attracted to an analysis surface. Combining with CD3‐Phycoerythrin (PE) labeling, only CD3+CD4+ T lymphocytes are fluorescently labeled and visible in a fluorescent image of the analysis surface. The number of CD4+ T lymphocytes is obtained by image analysis. Alternatively, CD3 immunomagnetic selection in combination with CD4 immunofluorescent labeling can also be applied for CD4+ T lymphocytes enumeration.Results:The SP ICM system was compared with two single platform flow cytometer (SP FCM) methods: tetraCXP and TruCount methods. The SP ICM system has excellent precision, accuracy and linearity for CD4+ T lymphocytes enumeration. Good correlations were obtained between the SP ICM and the SP FCM methods for blood specimens of 44 HIV− patients, and of 63 HIV+ patients. Bland–Altman plots showed interchangeability between the SP ICM and the SP FCM methods.Conclusions:The immunolabeling methods and the instrumentation are simple and easy‐to‐handle for less‐trained operators. The SP ICM system is a good candidate for CD4+ T lymphocytes enumeration in point‐of‐care settings of resource‐constrained countries. © 2007 Clinical Cytometry Society.
Zu den Neuerungen der DIN 1053‐100 und zur Gültigkeit der DIN 1053‐1
Authors: Jäger Wolfram 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMit der DIN 1053‐100 geht der Mauerwerksbau auch in Deutschland auf das semiprobabilistische Sicherheitskonzept über. Die wesentlichen Neuerungen werden kurz erläutert, nachdem im Heft 5/2006 eine komplexe Darstellung der Ausarbeitung dieser Norm gegeben worden ist. Ausführung und Konstruktion bleiben weiter nach DIN 1053‐1 geregelt. Sie ist daher nach wie vor eine eingeführte Technische Baubestimmung und kann auf der Basis des globalen Sicherheitskonzeptes wie bisher angewendet werden, wenn dies gewünscht ist.
DGfM: Mauerwerk 1/2007
Authors: Rast Ronald 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPlanungssicherheit für Architekten und Ingenieure bei Anwendung der DIN 1053‐1:1996‐11 “Mauerwerk – Teil 1: Berechnung und Ausführung” bleibt auch nach Einführung der neuen Normenreihe DIN 1055 “Einwirkungen auf Tragwerke” zum 01.01.2007 per Stichtagsregelung ohne Einschränkung erhaltenWenig Weitsicht im UmweltbundesamtNeues Vorstandsmitglied im Amt bestätigtDGfM‐Newsletter: Bereich Markt; Bereich Technik; Aktuell; Termine
A role for eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2B (eIF2B) in taste memory consolidation and in thermal control establishment during the critical period for sensory development
Authors: Tirosh Sharon , Elkobi Alina , Rosenblum Kobi , Meiri Noam 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAll species exhibit critical periods for sensory development, yet very little is known about the molecules involved in the changes in the network wiring that underlies this process. Here the role of transcription regulation of the translation machinery was determined by evaluating the expression of eIF2Bε, an essential component of translation initiation, in both taste‐preference development and thermal control establishment in chicks. Analysis of the expression pattern of this gene after passive‐avoidance training revealed clear induction of eIF2Bε in both the mesopallium intermediomediale (IMM) and in the striatum mediale (StM). In addition, a correlation was found between the concentration of methylanthranilate (MeA), which was the malaise substrate in the passive‐avoidance training procedure, the duration of memory, and the expression level of eIF2Bε. Training chicks on a low concentration of MeA induced short‐term memory and low expression level of eIF2Bε, whereas a high concentration of MeA induced long‐term memory and a high expression level of eIF2Bε in both the IMM and StM. Furthermore, eIF2Bε‐antisense “knock‐down” not only reduced the amount of eIF2Bε but also attenuated taste memory formation. In order to determine whether induction of eIF2Bε is a general feature of neuronal plasticity, we checked whether it was induced in other forms of neuronal plasticity, with particular attention to its role in temperature control establishment, which represents hypothalamic‐related plasticity. It was established that eIF2Bε‐mRNA was induced in the preopotic anterior hypothalamus during heat conditioning. Taken together, these results correlate eIF2Bε with sensory development. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol, 2007.
A study on high‐efficiency short‐wave AM transmitter
Authors: Yamazoe Masahiko , Haeiwa Kazuhisa , Wakai Kazuaki , Kakutani Tomohide 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn a short‐wave (3 to 30 MHz) high‐power transmitter, the modulation section is fabricated with semiconductors, but the total semiconductor realization including the final‐stage PA is difficult and has not been accomplished to date. The authors' objective is to achieve total use of semiconductors for realization of a 100‐kW‐class short‐wave high‐power transmitter. An optimal power device (MOSFET) to obtain high efficiency is selected. In addition, a circuit for realization of high efficiency and a synthesis method for excellent linearity are proposed. In the short‐wave band, there is a problem of increased loss due to parasitic diodes for the digital‐processing AM modulation device used in the middle‐frequency range. It is shown that the method cannot be applied directly. Further, an optimum modulation format and a circuit configuration for realization of a short‐wave high‐efficiency AM transmitter are proposed. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 90(3): 33–41, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.20283
Rectangular waveguide compatible NRD guide gunn oscillator with medium power and low phase noise at 60 GHz
Authors: Kuroki Futoshi , Yamaoka Ko‐Ichi , Shimoi Hiroshi , Yoneyama Tsukasa 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA 60‐GHz frequency‐stabilized small oscillator consisting of a Gunn diode, a circulator, and a matched termination is fabricated by using NRD guides. The emphasis in this paper is adaptability to a rectangular waveguide circuit. To this end, an NRD guide–waveguide transition is designed. In the 60‐GHz NRD Gunn diode oscillators to date, Gunn diodes sealed in a package dedicated to the NRD guide have been placed on special order. With a view to cost reduction, a Gunn diode mount is conceived in which a general‐purpose‐type Gunn diode can be used. The oscillation output of the fabricated oscillator is 13 dBm and the phase noise at 300 kHz offset is −113 dBc/Hz. Further, the frequency variation due to ambient temperature change is −1.3 ppm/°C so that the fabricated millimeter‐wave oscillator is highly stable, with medium power output and low noise. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 90(3): 26–32, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.20290
A study on two‐stage self‐organizing map and its application to clustering problems
Authors: Kato Satoru , Koike Kenta , Horiuchi Tadashi 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis paper presents a two‐stage self‐organizing map algorithm that we call two‐stage SOM which combines Kohonen's basic SOM (BSOM) and Aoki's SOM with threshold operation (THSOM). In the first stage of two‐stage SOM, we use BSOM algorithm in order to acquire topological structure of input data, and then we apply THSOM algorithm so that inactivated code vectors move to appropriate region reflecting the distribution of the input data. Furthermore, we show that two‐stage SOM can be applied to clustering problems. Some experimental results reveal that two‐stage SOM is effective for clustering problems in comparison with conventional methods. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 159(1): 46–53, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20268