bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ANTIBACTERIAL MECHANISMS IN THE INTESTINE
Authors: Knop Jürgen , Rowley Derrick 
Published: November 2007

SummaryThe elimination of 32P‐labelled V. cholerae organisms from the gastrointestinal tract of adult mice has been followed. Orally inoculated V. cholerae organisms are rapidly reduced in viable numbers. The parameters involved in the elimination of the viable bacteria are killing by gastric acid, mechanical removal by peristalsis and killing in the small intestine. Inhibition of one or more of these parameters by different treatments delays or prevents the elimination of the organisms. Results obtained in starved animals suggest that secretory processes in the small intestine contribute to the killing of the organisms.
THE MECHANISM OF UNRESPONSIVENESS IN LYMPHOCYTES SPECIFICALLY SELECTED BY ANTIGEN IN NORMAL RATS
Authors: McCullagh Peter 
Published: November 2007

SummaryThe immunological potentialities of populations of thoracic duct lymphocytes collected from rats recently challenged with sheep erythrocytes were compared with those of lymphocytes from rats immunologically tolerant of this antigen. Both “selected” and tolerant populations fail to mount immune responses to sheep erythrocytes in irradiated syngeneic hosts hut can do so if transferred to semi‐allageneic recipients. If co‐cultivated with normal lymphocytes in irradiated hosts, both types of population can modulate the responsiveness of the former to sheep erythrocytes. Supplementation of normal lymphocytes with “selected” populations collected earlier than 28 hours after challenge of the donors tends to result in augmented responses while later collections are more likely to be associated with suppression. Consequently, it is suggested that “selected” populations are unresponsive because of the presence of specifically activated cells rather than as a result of their depletion. The influence of “selected” populations on the responsiveness of normal lymphocytes is attributed to this content of activated cells.
SOME EVIDENCE FOR THE MATURITY OF PERIPHERAL ADRENERGIC NERVES IN NEW‐BORN GUINEA‐PIGS
Authors: O'Donnell Stella R , Saar Nili 
Published: November 2007

SummaryThe fluorescence histochemical technique of Falck and Hillarp revealed a similar distribution and density of peripheral adrenergic nerves in new‐born and adult guinea‐pigs. The accumulation of tritiated noradrenaline by tracheae from new‐born guinea‐pigs, assumed to be uptake into adrenergic nerves, was not less than the accumulation by tracheae from adult animals. There was equal potentiation by cocaine (1 × 10−5M) of responses to noradrenaline on tracheal chain preparations taken from new‐born and adult guinea‐pigs. The evidence supports the hypothesis that the guinea‐pig has a functional, well differentiated peripheral adrenergic nervous system at birth. This would account for the apparent inability to produce a long‐lasting sympathectomy by administration of 6‐hydroxydopamnie to new‐born guinea‐pigs.
INHIBITION BY SERUM OF AUTOIMMUNE ASPERMATOGENIC ORCHITIS
Authors: Bernard CC , Toullet Francine , Lamoureux G 
Published: November 2007

SummaryInhibition by serum of experimental autoimmune orchitis (EAO) was studied in guinea‐pigs. It was found that the capacity of an autoantigen, antigen P, purified from guinea‐pigs' spermatozoa, to produce lesions of EAO could be inhibited by mixing antigen P with a small amount of normal human serum before injection into guinea‐pigs. In protected animals, cell‐mediated immunity and humoral antibodies to antigen P were also significantly suppressed.
ANTIBODY RESPONSE IN SOWS FOLLOWING INTRAMAMMARY OR INTRAMUSCULAR IMMUNIZATION WITH A KILLED ESCHERICHIA COLI VACCINE
Authors: Watson DL 
Published: November 2007

SummaryPregnant sows were immunized either intramuscularly or intramammarily with a killed E. coli vaccine. Samples of blood and mammary secretion were assayed for antibody to E. coli cells and E. coli enterotoxin. The association of each class of immunoglobulin with antibody to the bacterial cells was also estimated. It was found that immunization by either method increased direct agglutination titres and antiglobulin enhancement titres in serum and mammary secretion. There were no major differences in these parameters between the two groups of sows. In serum and mammary secretion from both groups of sows IgC was quantitatively the most important class of immunoglobulin associated with antibody to E. coli cells. Immunization had the effect of increasing the percentage of IgG and IgM associated with antibody in blood serum from about 5% to about 20%. In contrast, the percentage of IgA in serum with antibody activity against E. coli was around 20% prior to immunization and did not alter significantly after immunization. Samples of blood and mammary secretion from sows immunized intramammarily were more effective in neutralizing E. coli enterotoxin than corresponding samples from sows immunized intramuscularly; the biological significance of this finding is at present uncertain.
SALMONELLA ENTERITIDIS INFECTION IN RATS: ANTIGENS INVOLVED IN CELL‐MEDIATED IMMUNITY
Authors: Marks RM , Jackson GDF , Cooper GN 
Published: November 2007

SummaryWhen rats are sub‐lethally infected with S. enteritidis by the intravenous route, there is a period of at least 14 days in which peritoneal exudate cells are unable to migrate from capillary tubes on to glass surfaces; thereafter they migrate as do macrophages from normal animals. The migration of peritoneal cells from rats infected 18–21 days previously is inhibited by lipopolysaceharkle (LPS) prepared from homologous and heterologous strains of Salmonella. The apparent non‐specificity of LPS activity in the macrophage migration inhibition test has been resolved by demonstrating that lipid A, containing less than 0·01% protein amino acids, is also capable of eliciting this test of cell‐mediated immunity.
INFLUENCE OF IMMUNOSUPPRESSION ON ANTINUCLEAR ANTIBODY AND SURVIVAL OF WEHI MICE
Authors: Rodger Belinda , Whittingham Senga , Mackay IR 
Published: November 2007

SummaryThe effect of immunosuppression with cyclophosphamide was assessed in 200 male and female Walter and Eliza Hall Institute outbred mice which are known to develop antinuclear antibody (ANA). Their longevity and the incidence of ANA were studied in comparison with controls. In females. life‐span was longer despite a higher age‐related incidence of ANA. Cyclophosphamide significantly delayed the development of ANA in both sexes; despite this, life‐span was decreased. This is in contrast to what occurs in the highly autoimmune NZB/NZW F1 hybrid mouse. Thus, in weakly autoimmune mice the toxic effects of cyclophosphamide outweighed any benefit resulting from suppression of antinuclear autoantibodies.
VIBRIO CHOLERAE INFECTION AND IMMUNITY IN MICE
Authors: Lee Margaret M , Lee A , Cooper GN 
Published: November 2007

SummaryLyophilized cultures of V. cholerae 569B slowly lose their virulence for neonatal and adult mite during long term storage. Following a single passage in orally infected 6‐day old mice, a highly virulent strain (designated 569B/MP) was isolated. This organism causes rapidly fatal intestinal infections in 6‐day old mice; large numbers can he isolated in pure culture from the intestinal fluid. Freezing and storage at −60° of dead animals provides a simple means of maintaining the high virulence of the culture over a period of at least 9 months.This strain produces choleraic symptoms and death in approx. 50% of adult mice following oral infection. Large numbers of viable organisms may also be isolated from the small intestine over a period of at least 40 h. These criteria have been used as a basis for assessing protection against cholera infection induced by immunization with living or heat‐killed V. cholerae given orally or intraperitoneally.
APPEARANCE OF CYTOLYTIC ANTIBODIES IN SHEEP LYMPH FOLLOWING IMMUNISATION WITH TUMOUR CELLS
Authors: Grant CK , Adams EP , Nass M 
Published: November 2007

SummarySheep were immunised with mouse P815 tumour cell suspensions and at intervals afterwards lymph was collected draining from the stimulated lymph nodes. The lymph samples were fractionated by column chromatography into IgM, IgG1 and IgG2 antibody fractions; these were then assayed for cytolytic functions on 51Cr labelled target P815 cells. Complement dependent antibodies were assayed using sheep complement; activity was first detected in the IgM fraction 3–4 days after immunisation and in the IgG1 fraction at 5–6 days. No CDA activity was found in fractions of the IgG2 antibody subclass at any time. Leucocyte dependent antibodies were detected only in the IgG fraction, and they appeared simultaneously in both IgG1 and IgG2 subclasses 5–6 days after immunisation.
INHIBITION OF RENIN SECRETION IN THE ISOLATED RAT KIDNEY BY ANGIOTENSIN I
Authors: Vandongen Robert , Greenwood Dianne M 
Published: November 2007

SummaryThe effect of angiotensin I on renal perfusion pressure, and on basal and isoprenaline stimulated renin secretion, was examined in the isolated perfused rat kidney. The increase in perfusion pressure associated with intrarenal infusion of angiotensin I suggested conversion of the peptide to angiotensin II within the kidney. Basal renin secretion and the stimulatory response to isoprenaline were significantly suppressed by angiotensin I. The converting enzyme inhibitor SQ 20,881, infused at 1,600 × dose of angiotensin I, partially reversed the vasoconstrictor effect of angiotensin I without altering the degree of suppression of renin secretion.
EFFECTS OF DIBUTYRYLCYCLIC AMP ON THE IN VITRO PRIMARY RESPONSE OF MOUSE SPLEEN CELLS TO SHEEP ERYTHROCYTES
Authors: Marchalonis John J , Smith Patricia 
Published: November 2007

SummaryExogenously added N6, O2′‐dibutyryladenosine‐3′‐5′‐cyclic phosphate (DBcAMP) exerted a biphasic effect on the in vitro primary response of mouse spleen cells to sheep erythrocytes (SRBC). High concentrations of DBcAMP were markedly suppressive, whereas lower concentrations brought about significant increases in the peak numbers of antibody‐forming cells. The kinetics of the response were not altered by DBcAMP. A direct effect of DBcAMP on bone‐marrow derived lymphocytes was suggested because this nucleotide increased the in vitro response of “nude” mouse spleen cells to SRBC. The magnitude of the response, however, was considerably less than that mounted by spleen cells of normal mice. These results show that DBcAMP can have either enhancing or suppressive effects on antibody formation and these effects are dependent upon nucleotide concentration, antigen‐dosage and time of assay. The effects of this cyclic nucleotide differed in two major respects from those of the synthetic polyribonucleotide adjuvant, polyadenylic acid‐polyuridylic acid (poly A:U) complexes. Thus poly (A:U) decreased the time of peak response in vitro but did not increase the magnitude of the response.
RELEASE OF GASTRIN BY VAGAL STIMULATION IN THE ACID SECRETORY RESPONSE TO FOOD
Authors: Hunt DR , Forrest APM 
Published: November 2007

SummaryGastric pouches were constructed in 8 dogs; in 4 they were of denervated type and in 4 the innervation was intact. An oesophageal fistula was then prepared in each dog. The acid secretory response to oral, tube and sham feeding was determined before and after denervation of the pyloric antrum. The results support the view that vagal release of gastrin makes a relatively small contribution to the total acid secretory response to food.
MODULATING EFFECTS OF INTERFERON PREPARATIONS ON AN ANTIBODY RESPONSE IN VITRO
Authors: Booth RJ , Rastrick JM , Bellamy AR , Marbrook J 
Published: November 2007

SummaryThe effect of mouse interferon preparations on the primary in vitro antibody response of mouse spleen cells was studied. Concentrations of interferon greater than 8 units per ml significantly inhibited the antibody response while low concentrations of 0·08–0·8 units per ml could be shown to be mildly enhancing.Various treatments which affected the antiviral activity of the interferon preparations reduced the immunosuppressive activity to a similar extent.Interferon acts during the first few hours of a response but the effect is not apparent for at least 50 h. Interferon had no effect when added after 48 h. The kinetic data has been interpreted as demonstrating interferon‐sensitive and interferon‐resistant components of the in vitro response.The results from investigations of the polyclonal response to lipopolysaccharide support the view that interferon acts mainly on B cells alone, although effects on T‐B interactions cannot be excluded.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN VASOCONSTRICTION AND HISTAMINE INDUCED VASODILATION
Authors: Carroll Peter R , Neering Ian R 
Published: November 2007

SummaryHistamine produced significantly greater vasodilation in rabbit ear arteries constricted by noradrenaline than when the same arteries were constricted by either caffeine or barium. Histamine dilation in the presence of caffeine was also significantly greater than that in the presence of barium. These results suggest that histamine may produce vasodilation through at least two different modifications of intracellular calcium mobilisation.
A ROLE FOR ANTIBODY IN THE EXPRESSION OF CELLULAR IMMUNITY TO SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM C5
Authors: Davies R , Kotlarski Ieva 
Published: November 2007

SummaryImmunisation of mice with alcohol‐killed Salmonella typhimurium C5 vaccine before infection with Salmonella enteritidis 11RX enhanced the ability of these mice to control and eliminate a challenge dose of Salmonella typhimurium C5. compared to mice which only received live Salmonella enteritidis 11RX organisms. When alcohol‐killed Salmonella enteritidis Se795 vaccine was used instead of the Salmonella typhimurim C5 vaccine, this effect was not observed. These observations imply that both humoral and cellular responses are important in the expression of immunity to salmonella infections. The bearing of these results on the observations of other workers is discussed.
PASSIVE TRANSFER OF IMMUNITY TO INFECTION WITH NEMATOSPIROIDES DUBIUS FROM IMMUNISED MICE TO THEIR OFFSPRING
Authors: Chaicumpa V , Jenkin CR , Rowley D 
Published: November 2007

SummaryThe results given below show that, whilst it is not possible to transfer immunity to infections with Nematospiroides dubius passively with serum from immune mice to normal adult mice, young born to immune females are resistant to this infection. The immunity is dependent on an intake of immunoglobulin via the milk for a period longer than 24 h. The passive transfer of immunity from immune mothers to neonatal mice does not appear to be dependent on a specific class of immunoglobulins.
REACTION OF HUMAN SMOOTH MUSCLE AUTOANTIBODY WITH FOETAL GLIAL CELLS AND THEIR PRECURSORS
Authors: Toh BH , Muller HK , Cauchi MN 
Published: November 2007

SummaryTissue culture monolayers of dissociated human and rat embryonic brains were examined by indirect immunofluorescence with human serum containing smooth muscle antibody. Flat, epithelioid cells showed staining of a fine, filamentous network in the cell body while multipolar cells showed diffuse cytoplasmic fluorescence of the cell body and processes. Both cell types were identified as glial cells by silver stains. Specificity of the immunofluoreseent staining reaction was established by failure to obtain staining with normal serum, with smooth muscle antibody serum neutralized by homogenates of smooth muscle or by extracts containing actin‐like protein derived from smooth muscle. Reactivity of embryonic glial cells with smooth muscle antibody indicates the presence of actin‐like proteins which are probably located in cytoplasmic microfilaments.
ALTERATIONS IN LIPID METABOLISM PRODUCED BY ETHYL TRICHLORACETATE
Authors: Waller A , Kratzing CC 
Published: November 2007

SummaryRats maintained on a choline deficient diet and treated with subcutaneous doses of ethyl trichloracetate responded by increasing plasma β‐lipoprotein and plasma triglyceride levels while excess triglyceride was being removed from the liver. There was a transient depression in plasma phospholipid at the beginning of the treatment. Continued administration of ethyl trichloracetate raised plasma triglyceride in choline depleted rats and raised hepatic phospholipid concentration in both choline deficient and supplemented rats.It is suggested that the lipotropic action of ethyl trichloracetate occurs through hepatic triglyceride being removed by the altered plasma lipids and not by inhibition of hepatic triglyceride synthesis.
HOST RESISTANCE TO A SPONTANEOUSLY METASTASISING MELANOMA AFTER PRIMARY TUMOUR EXCISION
Authors: Bray AE 
Published: November 2007

SummaryTumour resistance was investigated in a spontaneously metastasising murine melanoma. Specific tumour resistance was found in mice with intact small primary tumours and no metastases. If primary tumours were excised, resistance was demonstrated in mice which had metastases and in mice which did not have metastases but were given crude melanoma homogenate. No resistance could be detected in mice which had large primary tumours left intact or in mice which had small primary tumours excised four days prior to tumour challenge. These in vivo findings are compared with previously documented in vitro results.
REGULATION OF ALDOSTERONE IN THE GUINEA‐PIG — EFFECT OF OESTRUS CYCLE, PREGNANCY AND SODIUM STATUS
Authors: Whipp GT , Wintour EM , Coghlan JP , Scoggins BA 
Published: November 2007

SummaryThe blood concentrations of aldosterone, corticosterone and cortisol were measured in conscious, non‐stressed guinea‐pigs using a double isotope dilution derivative assay procedure. Aldosterone levels in the guinea‐pig were high when compared with those of other species. The concentration of aldosterone, 37·9. ± 15·9 ng/100 ml (χ ± SD), and cortisol, 31·8 ± 10·1 μg/100 ml, found in non‐pregnant females on a moderate sodium intake was significantly greater than in males (aldosterone 22·2 ± 2·4 ng/100 ml and cortisol 19·3 ± 5·7 μg/100 ml). There was no sex difference in corticosterone concentration; females, 0·25 ± 0·06 μg/100 ml and males, 0·23 ± 0·10 μg/100 ml. The oestrus cycle had no effect on levels of the three steroids measured. Two thirds of the way through the 68‐day gestation period aldosterone levels were significantly elevated compared with non‐pregnant values (68·7 ± 50·9 ng/100 ml versus 37·9 ± 15·9 ng/100 ml, p < 0·05). Values at day 20 (33·2 ± 11·7 ng/100 ml) and day 60 of gestation (51·9 ± 21·7 ng/100 ml) were similar to those of non‐pregnant animals. Cortisol and corticosterone levels were significantly elevated at 20 days gestation and they continued to rise until, at day 60, cortisol was 9 times and corticosterone 4 times higher than the non‐pregnant values. Compared with a moderate Na intake, salt loading suppressed aldosterone levels and Na restriction raised them.
STREPTOMYCIN AND TEMPERATURE SENSITIVITY OF COLICIN‐LIKE ACTIVITY IN SALMONELLA CULTURES
Authors: Atkinson Nancy 
Published: November 2007

SummarySalmonellin production on agar was reduced by adding streptomycin or raising the incubation temperature to 44°. Production of group 3b salcol was increased by incubation at 44° and, for one producer only, by adding streptomycin. Production of the diffusible, nontransferable group 4 salcol and also of diffusible colicin V was reduced at 44°. Group 1 salcol production was unaffected by raised temperature or streptomycin. Group 2 salcol production also was unaffected, except in salm+ transcipients of Arizona So116 where it was reduced along with salmonellin production by incubation at 44° or addition of streptomycin.
ANTIBODY TO TOGAVIRUSES IN THE NORTHERN TERRITORY AND ADJOINING AREAS OF AUSTRALIA
Authors: Doherty RL , Filippich C , Carley JG , Hancock JY 
Published: November 2007

SummaryAntibody to flaviviruses Murray Valley encephalitis (MVE) and Kunjin and to alphaviruses Ross River and Sindbis were found in many Aboriginal children and adults bled in central Australia in 1974 after several cases of MVE occurred there as part of a widespread epidemic. Antibody was also detected in sera taken in the period 1968 to 1973, but in a much lower proportion, suggesting both that the 1974 epidemic had caused frequent subclinical infection and that infection had occurred in the arid centre of Australia outside years of known togavirus activity. Evidence of frequent togavirus infection was found in sera from various species from monsoonal northern areas of Northern Territory and Western Australia, compatible with previous suggestions that togaviruses are enzootic or frequently epizootic in those areas.
LACK OF GENETIC DIFFERENTIATION BETWEEN DOMESTIC DOGS AND DINGOES AT A FURTHER 16 LOCI
Authors: Cole SR , Baverstock PR , Green B 
Published: November 2007

SummaryClarke, Ryan and Czuppon (1975) failed to detect electrophoretic differences between domestic dogs and dingoes at 14 loci. We have found that domestic dogs and dingoes are monomorphic for the same electrophoretic alleles at a further 15 loci, and polymorphic for the same alleles at a 30th locus.
THE PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF ERYTHROCYTE DERIVED ACTIVITY WHICH ENHANCES MURINE BONE MARROW COLONY GROWTH IN AGAR CULTURE
Authors: Bertoncello I , Bradley TR 
Published: November 2007

SummaryA stable preparation which retains enhancement activity for the growth of murine granulocyte‐macrophage colonies in agar culture has been extracted from human and rat erythrocytes by osmotic lysis and high speed centrifugation.Trypsin digestion followed by Sephadex G‐25 column chromatography has resulted in the removal of haemoglobin and the isolation of an active fraction with an apparent molecular weight of 900 to 1000 daltons. Enhancement activity was abolished by n‐ethylmaleimide (NEM) treatment, suggesting that the enhancement is dependent on the presence of free sulphydryl groups.
MICELLES OF CEREBROSIDE SULPHATE
Authors: Jeffrey Hilary J , Roy Alexander B 
Published: November 2007

SummaryThe critical micelle concentration of cerebroside sulphate in water is 0·01 mM: it increases with increasing concentrations of buffer to 0·07 mM in 0·1 M sodium acetate and formate buffers. pH 5·6 and 4·5 respectively. The partial specific volume of the micelles is about 0·94. The behaviour of the micelles in the ultracentrifuge and on Sephadex G‐200 shows them to he grossly heterogeneous with respect to size. In 0·1 M buffer s 20, w is about 26 S; in water or 0·01 M buffer smaller micelles with an s20, w. of about 6 S are also present. In 0·01 M formate, pH 4·5, the smallest species detectable by equilibrium ultracentrifugation had a micellar weight of about 180,000 corresponding to an aggregation number of about 180. Much larger aggregates were also present.It is suggested that the smallest micelles are the substrate for sulphatase A when this is acting as a cerebroside sulphatase in buffers of low ionic strength.
ENDO‐ AND EXOGLYCOSIDASES IN AN EXPERIMENTAL RAT OSTEOSARCOMA
Authors: Harris PA , Stephens RW , Ghosh P , Taylor TKF 
Published: November 2007

SummaryGlycosidases capable of degrading intercellular matrix components were investigated in a 32P induced rat osteosarcoma. Homogenates of ossifying tumour were shown to readily degrade hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulphates 4 and 6 but not dermatan sulphate.High levels of the exoglycosidases, β‐glucuronidase and β‐N‐acetylgluco‐saminidase were found in tumour homogenates, and it was demonstrated that these enzymes contribute to the degradation of high molecular weight hyaluronic acid. The levels of these enzymes were compared with activities found in homogenates of neonatal bone and muscle surrounding tumours.Exoglycosidases, but not hyaluronidase, were found to be produced by cultures of osteosarcoma in vitro.