bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Simple View of Peripeteia
Authors: Schrier O.J. 
Published: April 2008

Abstract1. Introduction. 2. Review of Allan's major proposals. 3. Review of the problems concerned and outline of the proposed solution. 4. The Oedipus example. 5. The meaning of the expressions used in the definition. 6. The punctuation of the Lynceus example. 7. Aristotle's brevitas.
Hera and Herakles
Authors: Rutgers A.J. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractFor reasons of symmetry between Zeus and Hera, Hera is identified with the night sky; further arguments in favour of this interpretation are the myth about the origin of the Milky Way, Hera's epitheton bo-opis (with the great shining eye, the Moon) and the etymological argument, that old-indian svarga means the sky. A further result of this interpretation is not only that the enmity between Hera and Herakles, the night sky and the morning sun, becomes intelligeable, but also the etymology Herakles = "he who is famous by Hera"; for Herakles' deeds, which have made him famous, are performed on the twelve constellations of the Zodiac, which ornate the night sky However, if it is tried to set the twelve deeds of Herakles in parallel to the successive overpowering of the twelve constellations of the Zodiac by the morning sun, it is seen that this correspondence holds only for 4 out of 12 cases.
Ayodhya: a Hindu Jerusalem
Authors: Bakker Hans 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThis article discusses the concept of 'holy war' and the religious ideas it implies. According to some these ideas are characteristic of monotheistic traditions. The author investigates recent developments in Hinduism and comes to the conclusion that some of these characteristics are coming to the fore in modern forms of the Hindu religion that have strong bonds with fundamentalist movements. The question of the mosque occupying the holy spot in Ayodhyā, which is considered as the birth-spot of Visnu's incarnation as Rama, plays a central role in these developments. 'Liberation' of this site has many features in common with the motif of liberating Jerusalem in the age of the crusades. The author concludes by remarking that, though Hinduism has proved in the past to be a religion not prone to holy wars, recent developments in Indian society have made the prospect of a holy war between Hindus and Muslims seem only too real and close.
The Koyukon Bear Party and the "Bare Facts" of Ritual
Authors: Ray Benjamin C. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractJonathan Smith's recent interpretation of the classic "bear festival" among northern hunters is examined, together with his more general theory of ritual. Smith's interpretation of the bear festival is shown to be unfounded. The paper also investigates the well-documented bear rituals of the Koyukon of Alaska in light of Smith's general theory of ritual. Viewed in the context of other theories of ritual as symbolic action (those of Geertz, Douglas, Valeri, Turner, Eliade), Smith's theory is found to be unsuited to the task of understanding the meaning and significance of Koyukon bear rituals. The paper argues that the interpretation of ritual requires the investigator to attend to the ritualist's notion of reality and to grasp how his beliefs and actions are fitted to it. The investigator should be concerned with questions of meaning not empirical validity, as the problem of understanding ritual is a semantic and semiotic one, analogous to understanding the cognitive and performative uses of a language. The magical or instrumental aspect of the Koyukon bear rituals is also dealt with as an instance of performative language.
"Zen Is Not Buddhism" Recent Japanese Critiques of Buddha-Nature
Authors: Swanson Paul L. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractHongaku shisō, the idea that all beings are "inherently" enlightened, is an almost universal assumption in the Japanese Buddhist tradition. This idea also played an important role in the indigenization of Buddhism in Japan and in the development of the syncretistic religious ethos that underlies Japanese society. Through most of Japanese history, the idea of the inherent enlightenment (including non-sentient beings suchs as plants and rocks-which expanded to include assumptions such as the non-differentiation between "indigenous" kami and the Buddhas and bodhisattvas, and the transcendence of all dualities (including good and evil) as an ideal-was pervasive and unquestioned in much of Japanese religious activity and thought. Recently some Japanese Buddhist scholars, notably Hakamaya Noriaki and Matsumoto Shiro of the Sōtō Zen sect Komazawa University, have questioned the legitimacy of this ethos, claiming that it is antithetical to basic Buddhist ideas such as anātman ("no-self"), and that it is the source of many social problems in Japan. They call for a conscious recognition and rejection of this ethos, and a return to "true Buddhism." After presenting a brief outline of the history and significance of these ideas in Japan, Hakamaya and Matsumoto's critique is explained and examined. Some of the academic and social reactions to this critique are also explored.
Anthropological Approaches To the Study of African Religions
Authors: Bourdillon M.F.C. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThis paper arose from a presentation to an I.H.A.R. conference on the study of religions in Africa. The paper looks at lessons that might be learned from social anthropologists for the study of African religions. I start by looking at problems in collecting data: there are the limitations of the observer's point of view, the pervasiveness of relations of power between observer and observed, and limitations even of the views of members of the society we might wish to study. Post-modernist anthropologists emphasise the need for sensitivity to the perspectives of their subjects, which requires long immersion in the culture concerned together with an awareness of the limitations of the anthropologist's own perspective. This in turn requires a style of presentation which gives space to informants' perspectives, and which clearly displays the anthropologist's role in the collection and interpretation of data. The paper points out that although this style of presentation has advantages for the interpretation of other religions, it does not pay attention to causal connections between religion and other social phenomena, which can have important consequences for the people concerned. Finally, the paper delves into problems of relativism in the study of religions, and questions both the possibility and the desirability of value-free academic discourse. The problem of avoiding ethnocentricism in the study of religions cannot be avoided simply by abstaining from judgement.
Religion: Shape and Shadow
Authors: Pye Michael 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThis paper gives the verbatim text of an inaugural lecture given at Lancaster University in May 1992. The first part distinguishes between the "shape" of religion as reflective observers seek to discern it and the shadow cast upon it by the assumptions of the various religions themselves. The second part offers a new view of the "shape" of contemporary Japanese religion, in order briefly to illustrate what is meant by discernment of the shape of religion. The third part sets out a view of Religious Studies for universities which takes account both of the plurality of religions and, without adopting any particular religious stance, of the complexity of questions which arise. A reliable characterization of the phenomena and a steady discernment of the shape of religion are seen as necessary prerequisites for the wider range of explanation, analysis and comment which also have their place. Any threat of control by religions themselves should however be averted.
On Dreams 2, 459b24-460a33, and Aristotle's
Authors: Preus Anthony 
Published: April 2008

AbstractBlock's hypothesis concerning the order of Aristotle's psychological writings can be defended against a criticism which arises from Lulofs' interpretation of Insomn. 2, 459b24-460a33. Such a defence results in the discovery of possible purely physiological senses of words heretofore thought essentially psychological.
Corpulent Cattle and Milk Machines: Nature, Art and the Ideal Type
Authors: Quinn Michael S. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe concept of a "breed" of domestic cattle is predominantly a social construct. The late eighteenth century development of intensive selective (in)breeding of livestock produced breeds that were visually distinguishable from each other. The adoption of breed standards was facilitated in part through paintings and drawings of idealized animals. These "ideal types" or "standards of perfection" further served as targets for breeders who attempted to achieve the artist's conception of the perfect animal. However, concepts of perfection change with fashion and thus ideal types constitute moving targets.
Biting the Hand that Heals You: Encounters with Problematic Patients in a General Veterinary Practice
Authors: Sanders Clinton R. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThis discussion focuses on veterinary practice as a form of service delivery. Based on data collected during a year of participant observation in a major veterinary hospital in the northeast, the paper examines the criteria veterinarians routinely used to define nonhuman patients as problematic and the means they employed to deal with troublesome animals. The conclusion frames veterinarians' tactics for evaluating and controlling patients within the larger context of how rule-breakers are identified in everyday interactional settings and the routine approaches used in the exercise of social control.
Reflections on Rocky
Authors: Holbrook Morris B. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThis paper applies an approach that the author calls Subjective Personal Introspection (SPI) to the self-reflective examination, inward-looking understanding, and impressionistic evocation of his own consumption experiences as the keeper of a kitten named Rocky Raccoon. Three-dimensional photographs in the form of stereo pairs provide corroborative evidence for the interpretations suggested. In this reflexive, anecdotal, narrative account, Rocky the Cat emerges as a focal point in the author's experiential consumption.
Lloyd Morgan, and the Rise and Fall of "Animal Psychology"
Authors: Costall Alan 
Published: April 2008

AbstractWhereas Darwin insisted upon the continuity of human and nonhuman animals, more recent students of animal behavior have largely assumed discontinuity. Lloyd Morgan was a pivotal figure in this transformation. His "canon, " although intended to underpin a psychological approach to animals, has been persistently misunderstood to be a stark prohibition of anthropomorphic description. His extension to animals of the terms "behavior" and "trial-and-error, " previously restricted to human psychology, again largely unwittingly devalued their original meaning and widened the gulf between animals and humans. His insistence that knowledge of animal psychology could be trusted solely to "qualified" observers initiated the exclusion from science of the informal and intimate knowledge of animals gained by pet owners, animal trainers, and other scientific outsiders. The presumption, however, that animals, in contrast to people. are to be understood solely as "strangers, " begs, rather than addresses, the question of animal-human continuity.
Herpetofauna Pet-Keeping by Secondary School Students: Causes for Concern
Authors: Bride Ian 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThis study of the patterns of the keeping of herpetofauna animals and associated animal welfare issues among secondary school pupils in the United Kingdom suggests that a large proportion of the animals kept as companion animals by this group are indigenous species. In comparison with purchased species, these captured animals, even those normally long-lived, appear to suffer a high rate of mortality. Relatively large numbers of escape- and food-related deaths among these animals imply that many are not furnished with suitable vivaria or adequate care. Traded reptile and amphibian species were reported to have been kept by nearly 40% of the students who said they had kept herpetofauna, and the proportions of most taxa reflected their availability in shops. Data concerning students' opinions about their own care-knowledge appeared to support the general conclusion that students have much to learn about keeping reptiles and amphibians. These findings are considered in relation to issues of animnl welfare and herpetofauna conservation. Their ramifications for school-based education about reptiles and amphibians are also discussed.
Functions of Repetitive Talk to Dogs during Play: Control, Conversation, or Planning?
Authors: Mitchell Robert W. , Edmonson Elizabeth 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThis study describes people's repetitive talk when playing with dogs and explores three hypotheses about that talk. Each of 23 people played with two dogs (one familiar, one unfamiliar). Videorecorded participants spoke about 208 words per interaction. Of all words used, eight accounted for more than 50%. Phrases most frequently used and repeated were "come on" and "come here. " In decreasing order of frequency, sentences ranged from imperatives to attention-getting devices, declaratives about the dogs, and questions. Additional declaratives and talk for the dog rarely occurred. Data support the conclusion that repetitive talk to dogs during play has some conversational aspects, but mostly attempts to control the dog. Little evidence exists for "on-line" planning in talk to dogs.
The Negeb Script
Authors: Birnbaum S.A. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractTo sum up: From some time in the second half of the 1st cBCE to the Bar Kokhba War (132-135) there existed a Jewish script which contained Hebrew and Nabataean elements. The Murabba'at finds show that there was close contact between Jews and Nabataeans in, presumably, the north-eastern corner of the Negeb. Palaeographically, the documents in this alphabet appear to indicate that the new script came into being in the second half of the 1st cBCE, through the influence of the Nabataean on Hebrew script. The period of amalgamation seems to have been of short duration. As to the further fate of Neg, it seems reasonable to assume that the upheaval caused by the Bar Kokhba War resulted in the dispersal of those who used this writing, and that after the loss of its territorial base the Negeb script would have had no possibility of remaining alive.
The Use of Statistical Methods in Old Testament Studies
Authors: Bee Ronald E. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe author has devised or selected statistical methods which are well adapted for the purpose of analysing the Masoretic Text of the Old Testament into units and classifying those units. These methods are intended for use in conjunction with the classical methods of investigation of the text rather than in isolation and differ radically from the methods which have hitherto been applied in authorship studies. The present paper offers a non-technical (and to that extent incomplete) exposition of these statistical methods and of the ideas on which they are based, together with a summary of the results so far obtained by their application.
Buridan, Albert of Saxony and Oresme, and a Fourteenth-century Collection of Quaestiones on the Physics and on De Generatione et Corruptione. 1
Authors: Thijssen J.M.M.H. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractBy way of conclusion we may add the following three items to A. Maier's and G. Federici-Vescovini's investigations: 1. The Questiones super libris Physicorum in the ms. Cesena, B. Malatestiana S.VIII.5 have been incorrectly attributed to John Buridan. Their real author is Albert of Saxony. 2. The ms. Cesena, B. Malatestiana S.VIII.5 ff. 4ra-4vb contains the Prologue and the tabula questionum of the Questions on De gen. et corr., whereas the ms. Vat. lat. 3097 ff. 103ra-146rb has the complete text. This Prologue and the questions 1 and 3 can also be found in Vat. lat. 2185 ff. 50ra-50vb. This text certainly cannot be considered as another copy of Buridan's well known Questions on De gen. et corr. Neither is it certain that Nicole Oresme is their author, as A. Maier seems to believe. There are indications pointing in the direction of a redaction other than the one known, of Buridan's Questions. In any case this possibility cannot be ruled out by the material that has been presented here. 3. The ms. Cesena, B. Malatestiana S.VIII.5 has at one time had the same owner as the codices Vat. lat. 2159, 2160, 2185 and 3066, and the codices Cesena, B. Malatestiana S.VII.5 and S.VIII.2. This owner was in all probability Bernardus a Campanea of Verona, a physician.
Earth's Insights ... and Inadequacies
Authors: Eaton Heather 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe ecological wisdom from cross-cultural and religious insights provides needed historical references, guidance and ethical ideals for the ecological crisis. However, while supporting the project undertaken in Earth's Insights, this article challenges the tools used to develop a postmodern worldview. The lack of adequate discussions about the postmodern discourses, the new science, a universal¸ postmodern worldview, and the infusing of cross-cultural ecological ethics into such a worldview, leave the project vulnerable and utopian.
Loving the World as Our Own Body: The Nondualist Ethics of Taoism, Buddhism and Deep Ecology
Authors: Loy David R. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe ecological problem seems to be the perennial personal problem writ large: a consequence of the alienation between myself and the world I find myself 'in'. If so, the solutions we seek require a more nondual relationship with the objectified other. Asian philosophical and religious traditions have much to say about the nonduality of subject and object. This paper discusses and compares the relevant insights of Taoism, Buddhism and deep ecology.
Bioregionalism- a Misplaced Project?
Authors: Brennan Andrew 
Published: April 2008

AbstractIn response to what postmodern thinkers have called 'homelessness' and to the increasing destruction of the natural environment, some thinkers have suggested that humans should organise themselves into bioregional communities. These communities will be self-governing, relatively autonomous, small groups based on watersheds, river drainages, lakeshores, or other bioregional features. Their core values will be identification with, and care for, the land. I explore a form of this viewpoint, called 'homely bioregionalism'. I argue that this position has little real connection with postmodern thoughts on place and home, it has totalitarian overtones and, even when interpreted as an empirical recommendation, incorporates an optimistic and romanticised conception of 'home'. The phenomenon of ignoring or denying our environmental surroundings is, I argue, a real one, and can be called 'bioregional denial'. Homely bioregionalism, however, does not constitute a workable alternative to bioregional denial.
Wildflowers, Nationalism and the Swedish Law of Commons
Authors: Dahl Gudrun 
Published: April 2008

AbstractIn post-war Sweden, overt demonstrations of political nationalism have been considered bad taste. In middle-class culture, the construction and emotional charging of Swedishness have instead taken place in terms of an idiom of love for nature. Conceptions of freedom and equality are by this idiom tied up with symbolic references to childhood and to the flora of forests and meadows. The Swedish 'Every Man's Law' regulating access to flowers and berries and mobility in the natural landscape in this context comes to stand as a central national symbol.
Letting the World Grow Old: An Ethos of Countermodernity1
Authors: Mathews Freya 
Published: April 2008

Abstract'Nature' may be understood, for environmental purposes, as whatever happens when we, or other agents under the direction of abstract thought, let things be. From this point of view it is accordingly never too late to 'return to nature'. To do so is not to restore a lost set of things or attributes, but rather to allow a certain process to begin anew. This process recommences whenever that which already exists - whether it be of nonhuman or human provenance - is permitted to endure. 'Environmentalism' is thus conceived in broadly Taoist rather than ecological terms, as involving the affirmation of the given.
Sur l'existence de soins parentaux chez Euproctus montanus (Urodela, Salamandridae)
Authors: Alcher Marc 
Published: April 2008

AbstractEggs of the Urodele Euproctus montanus were discovered in a torrent in the forest of Zonza (Corsica). Our observations lead to the conclusion that egg-laying in this species takes place in agrouped manner both in space in time, and that the females stay close to their eggs during the embryonic development. Both these characters distinguish this species within its genus and suggest the possible existence of parental care.
The Balearic toad (Bufo viridis balearicus (BOETTGER, 1881)), human bronze age culture, and Mediterranean biogeography
Authors: Hemmer Helmut , Kadel Beate , Kadel Karl 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
Microcomplement fixation analysis of albumin relationship shows that the Balearic green toad (Bufo viridis balearicus) is not an original, autochthonous member of the basically Miocene fauna of these western Mediterranean islands, but a quite recent newcomer. The plasma protein pattern clearly points to its close populational relationship to the Tyrrhenian islands' conspecifics. The male and female release vocalization shows the same, and this is in accordance with the external morphology too. There has been no possibility for toads to reach the Balearic Islands in Pleistocene or Holocene via land bridges, nor are they candidates for any sea drifting. Anthropogenic introduction must be assumed. This corresponds to its clear subfossil documentation beginning in the bronze age Talayot culture that shows connexions to the Sardinian one. Deliberate introduction for mythological reasons is discussed. The Balearic amphibian fauna has been greatly changed by human activities, to which can be attributed the existence ofthree of the four species actually living there. Studies on the origin of members of the herpetofauna in any Mediterranean island system or coastal region must pay more attention to this possibility in future.
Mosaic pigment cells in the dermis of the toad, Bufo bufo (L.) (Amphibia, Anura)
Authors: Greven Hartmut , Verhaagh Manfred 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
The dermis of the common toad (Bufo bufo) contains three types of chromatophores (xanthophores, iridophores, melanophores) characterized by their own specific pigmented granules. Beyond that, chromatophores with mixed populations of granules, i. e. xanthophores and iridophores containing few melanosomes and a type of cromatophore, which has large amounts of melanosomes plus pterinosomes, have been found. Granules occur regularly in xanthophores consisting of a melanosom, which is surrounded by concentric lamellae typical for pterinosomes.
Hyla elkejungingerae, ein neuer Hylide aus dem peruanischen Regenwald (Amphibia: Salientia: Hylidae)
Authors: Henle Klaus 
Published: April 2008

AbstractHyla elkejungingerae, a new species ofhylid frogs from El Boqueron/Peru, is highly adapted to an arboreal life. As H. elkejungingerae has tadpoles of a moderately adapted stream-type - a feature which is very rare among South American hylids-and does not resemble morphologically any of them, it is placed in a species group of its own. Tadpoles in the last developmental stages are able to climb on upright plantstems out of the water.