bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Malaria in children in Birmingham in the 1970s
Authors: Addy D P , Mathew P M 
Published: December 2008

Summary
Thirty-two children with malaria were admitted to Dudley Road Hospital, Birmingham, in the 1970s. None was admitted before 1974 and there was a rapid increase after that. All the infections were due to Plasmodium vivax and occurred in children of Asian immigrant families who had been born in or had visited India or Pakistan apart from one infant born in England who acquired the disease transplacentally. All presented within 12 months of entering or re-entering the United Kingdom. The clinical features of the 32 patients have been analysed and it is suggested that more effort should be made to educate travellers about the need for anti-malarial chemoprophylaxis and the necessity to continue it for one month after return.
Ethnic differences in perinatal mortality
Authors: Terry P B , Condie R G 
Published: December 2008

Summary
Of the 3869 normally formed, singleton deliveries in Dudley Road Hospital in 1979, 3690 were to either European (1644), Indian (1087), Pakistani (556) or West Indian (403) mothers. The perinatal mortality rates in the Indian group with birth weights of 2000 - 2999 g and 3000 - 3999 g were higher than in any of the other ethnic groups (11·5/1000 and 6·7/1000 respectively).
Ethnic differences in self-poisoning
Authors: Wright N , Trethowan W N , Owens J 
Published: December 2008

Summary
Factors associated with self-poisoning have been compared between the immigrant communities of West Birmingham and the local indigenous population. The annual rate of admission to hospital with self-poisoning is increasing most rapidly in the West Indian community which, together with the Asian, shows a lower mean age and greater incidence than the Caucasian population. Reasons for overdosage and admissions offered by the various ethnic groups are also compared.
The penetration of metronidazole into synovial fluid
Authors: Sattar M A , Sankey M G , Cawley M I , Kaye C M , Holt J E 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
Six patients with non-infected synovial effusions, associated either with inflammatory or degenerative arthropathy and requiring diagnostic or therapeutic aspiration, were given a short course of 400 mg metronidazole (Flagyl) 8-hourly for 3 doses. Serum and synovial fluid (SF) were sampled frequently during this time, and assayed for metronidazole by a specific high pressure liquid-chromatographic method. It was found that concentrations of metronidazole in SF reached those in serum after a short time-lag, and thereafter approximated to the serum concentration. With this regimen, metronidazole concentrations were readily achieved in synovial fluid, above the minimum inhibitory concentrations for most susceptible anaerobes. These results indicate that the drug freely enters the synovial fluid and suggests that metronidazole would prove effective in the treatment of septic arthritis due to anaerobic bacteria.
The metabolic effects of moderately severe upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage in man
Authors: Foster K J , Alberti K G , Binder C , Holdstock G , Karran S J , Smith C L , Talbot S , Turnell D C 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
The metabolic effects of moderately severe gastrointestinal haemorrhage were investigated in man. Before resuscitation, patients had raised circulating concentrations of glucose, lactate, alanine, glycerol and cortisol. After urgent operation for haemorrhage, metabolite concentrations were similar to those of control patients having elective abdominal surgery, but insulin concentrations were higher and cortisol lower in haemorrhage patients. There were no significant differences in nitrogen excretion between haemorrhage patients and their controls, but urinary 3-methyl-histidine excretion by haemorrhage patients was lower indicating decreased muscle protein breakdown. Decreased amino acid release from muscle might account for previously reported imparied wound healing after haemorrhage.
Surgical treatment in asymptomatic patients with duodenal ulcers as a prophylaxis against haemorrhage
Authors: Bucknall T E , Wastell C 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
In a group of 17 patients who underwent surgery for chronic duodenal ulceration because of past bleeding but without current symptoms, one patient re-bled with a follow-up of 81 patient years, as compared to one bleed over 6.8 patient years before surgery. This suggests that surgery is protecting these patients against recurrent episodes of haemorrhage.
Hypokalaemic periodic paralysis precipitated by diuretic therapy and minor surgery
Authors: Boulton A J M , Hardisty C A 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
A case of hypokalaemic periodic paralysis was diagnosed following a severe postoperative attack in a patient whose previous episodes of weakness had been labelled hysterical. Subsequent mild attacks of weakness were precipitated by diuretic therapy. Patients with this condition should not be treated with any drug that may induce hypokalaemia.
Monozygotic twins with ulcerative colitis
Authors: Mayberry J F , Dew M J , Morris J S 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
Monozygous twin sisters developed ulcerative colitis within 7 years of each other. Both had distal colitis confirmed by histology and radiology. Their maternal grandmother subsequently developed the disease. The long interval between the onset of the disease in the twins suggests a role for environmental factors in addition to genetic influences. Although about five hundred sets of twins with ulcerative colitis may be expected in Britain, this is the first set to be reported.
The incidence of radiologically demonstrable aneurysm and arteriovenous malformation in spontaneous subarachnoid haemorrhage
Authors: Barraclough C R 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
The incidence of radiologically demonstrable aneurysm and arteriovenous malformation (AVM) in patients admitted to the Midland Centre for Neurosurgery and Neurology (MCNN) with the diagnosis of spontaneous subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) between 1959-80 inclusive was determined. Bilateral carotid angiography (BCA) showed 65·8% to have one or more aneurysms and 7·5% an AVM, each figure including 0·6% with both conditions. When BCA was negative, 65·8% proceeded to vertebral angiography (VA) and of these 12·5% were shown to have an aneurysm and 4·2% an AVM.
The probability of demonstrating an aneurysm by either of these radiological methods is an important factor in deciding whether or not to proceed to angiography, especially in patients presenting an above average anaesthetic or operative risk, bearing in mind the high mortality of untreated aneurysm in this condition and the improved prognosis when successful surgical management is possible.
Penicillin sensitivities of gonoccocci, in 1977-80 from a peripheral health district, and their clinical correlation
Authors: Rahman M 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
Penicillin sensitivities of gonococci isolated from a peripheral health district were observed during 1977-80 by determining the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of penicillin. During the same period, outcome of penicillin treatment in patients with gonorrhoea was also observed and recorded. Penicillin resistance, as defined, was found in 19·3% strains in these years, but there were year-to-year variations. None of the strains was a penicillinase producer. Association of higher MICs of penicillin with therapeutic failures was not observed in this study until the MICs were greater than 1·0 mg/l. The findings are discussed together with reviews from other published works.
Causes of ano-rectal bleeding
Authors: Dehn T , McGinn F P 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
The causes of ano-rectal bleeding as the only symptom in 110 patients were studied. A diagnosis was obtained in 77% of patients after clinical examination, sigmoidoscopy and proctoscopy, increasing to 97% after radiology and colonoscopy. Anal causes of bleeding were found in 81% of the patients, while a source in the rectum or colon accounted for only 16%.
Prescribing non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: a prospective study of patients’ preference
Authors: Scott D L , Low-Beer T S , Roden S , Takavarasha L 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
Thirty-six patients with rheumatoid arthritis were allocated at random to one of 3 groups prescribed 4 different non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID). Each drug was given for one week over 4 consecutive weeks in a balanced order. The patients were then asked to select one NSAID for continuation therapy and were followed-up 6 months later. The success of the patient selection method was compared with that of physician selection by retrospectively surveying NSAID prescribing in 164 patients attending 2 other rheumatology units over a 5-year period.
Only 72% of patients in the prospective study felt able to choose one of the NSAIDs and 31% of these had discontinued the chosen drug within 6 months. In the retrospective study, 40% changed their NSAID within 6 months.
An excursion into self-monitoring of blood glucose in children
Authors: Swift Peter G F 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
Ten adolescent diabetic children monitored blood glucose (BG) concentrations during a British Diabetic Association holiday camp in Denmark. The range of results was wide but revealed a mean pre-breakfast (fasting) BG of 9·8 mmol/l and a mean BG before the main evening meal of 13·2 mmol/l. Before the evening meal eight of ten children had BG concentrations in excess of 13 mmol/l. There was a significant correlation between mean BG concentrations and glycosylated haemoglobin.
The procedure was well accepted and proved to be of considerable educational value. It clearly revealed the children whose diabetes was satisfactorily controlled and those in whom adjustments of management were required. It is suggested that similar phases of self-measurement of BG in their homes will clarify the diabetic control of many children and thus help to improve it.
Inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion in Wernicke’s encephalopathy
Authors: Cooles Philip E , Borthwick Leslie J 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
A case of the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone in association with Wernicke’s encephalopathy is described, where both responded to intravenous vitamin B complex. Thiamine may be life-saving in hyponatraemia with neurological signs due to Wernicke’s encephalopathy.
Multifocal follicular carcinoma of thyroid following radiotherapy for Hodgkin’s disease
Authors: Nicol Fiona , McLaren Kathryn M , Toft Anthony D 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
A 21-year-old white male developed multifocal follicular carcinoma of the thyroid gland 17 years after receiving neck irradiation (3000 rad) for Hodgkin’s disease. The tumour was unique in that follicular carcinoma has not previously been reported as having a multifocal origin, even after high dose radiotherapy.
Hepatic sinusoidal ectasia in association with Hodgkin’s disease
Authors: Bain Barbara J , Coghlan Shirley J , Chong K C , Roberts Sydney J 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
A patient developed abnormal liver function tests in association with hepatic sinusoidal ectasia concurrently with relapse of Hodgkin’s disease. Tests returned to normal following successful chemotherapy for the Hodgkin’s disease. Sinusoidal ectasia and the related condition, peliosis hepatis, should be recognized as rare non-infiltrative manifestations of Hodgkin’s disease.
Splenectomy in agnogenic myeloid metaplasia: factors of possible prognostic significance
Authors: Penchas S , Sukenik S , Steinwel A , Benbassat J 
Published: December 2008

Summary
The available data of 338 cases of splenectomy in agnogenic myeloid metaplasia published since 1940 were retrieved from the literature and analysed. Postoperative survival was significantly shorter in patients with anaemia, massive splenomegaly or elevated serum alkaline phosphatase. Younger age or normal platelet counts were associated with a longer postoperative survival than that in older patients and in patients with low platelet counts respectively. The shortest median postoperative survival was found in: patients in whom serum alkaline phosphatase exceeded twice the upper limit of the normal; patients with anaemia (less than 10 g/dl haemoglobin) and massive splenomegaly (above 3 kg); and patients with anaemia and a splenic weight less than one kg.
Pulmonary embolism—a long-term follow-up
Authors: MacIntyre D , Banham S W , Moran F 
Published: December 2008

Summary
Fifty-three patients without pre-existing cardiac or pulmonary disease were reviewed 5 to 9 years after angiographically proved pulmonary embolism. Ten of the 42 (24%) with an initial predisposing factor for embolism had died, including 6 from a previously diagnosed medical condition. In this group there was no significant residual disability among survivors and no late recurrence of embolism. By comparison, there were 6 deaths among the 11 in whom no predisposing factor was identified (55%), including 3 from neoplasm and 2 from recurrent embolism with cardiac failure.
The identification of a predisposing factor at the time of embolism was associated with a significantly better long-term prognosis.
Hemiagenesis of the thyroid gland and T3 hyperthyroidism
Authors: Matsumura Luiza K , Dib Sergio A , Russo Ewaldo M K , Maciel Rui M B , Chacra Antonio R 
Published: December 2008

Summary
A patient with hemiagenesis of the thyroid gland who presented with T3 toxicosis is described. The diagnosis of thyroidal hemiagenesis was established through the administration of thyroid stimulating hormone and a thyroid scintiscan.
T3 thyrotoxicosis is a previously unreported clinical presentation of thyroid hemiagenesis.
Echocardiographic visualization of the anatomic causes of mitral regurgitation resulting from myocardial infarction
Authors: Donaldson Robert M , Ballester Manuel , Rubens Michael B , Yacoub Magdi H 
Published: December 2008

Summary
A murmur of mitral regurgitation in patients with congestive heart failure after an acute myocardial infarction suggests a surgically correctable cause of the heart failure. Six patients who presented in this manner and who later underwent surgery have been evaluated by two-dimensional echocardiography (2DE). The underlying anatomical cause of the mitral regurgitation was correctly identified as papillary muscle rupture (2 cases), ruptured chordae tendineae (1 case) and papillary muscle fibrosis (3 cases).
Two-dimensional echocardiography is useful in evaluating patients with congestive heart failure who develop a systolic murmur after acute infarction, as it can detect surgically correctable structural defects.
Neurological manifestations of paranasal disease: problems in prognosis
Authors: Livingstone I R , Hall K , Cumming W J K , Foster J B 
Published: December 2008

Summary
Early diagnosis of sphenoidal sinus mucocoeles presenting with visual loss is important as appropriately timed surgical intervention may improve the visual deficit. Two cases of sphenoidal sinus mucocoeles presenting with visual symptoms are reported in whom the diagnosis was only established at a late stage. A third case thought on clinical and radiological grounds to have a sphenoidal sinus mucocoele causing visual symptoms was found to have a frontal astrocytic glioma eroding through the ethmoidal sinus. These case reports stress that the definitive diagnosis in cases of sphenoidal sinus mucocoele is often delayed and that the pre-operative distinction between sphenoethmoidal sinus mucocoeles and other lesions involving the spheno-ethmoidal region may not always be possible.
Stenosis of the colon following acute pancreatitis
Authors: Brearley Stephen , Campbell Duncan J 
Published: December 2008

Summary
Two patients who had developed incomplete large bowel obstruction were shown to have colonic stenoses on barium enema. At laparotomy, inflammatory masses secondary to acute pancreatitis were found in both patients, though pancreatitis had not been suspected clinically. Resection of affected bowel in such cases is contra-indicated and the stenoses usually resolve spontaneously.
Corticosteroid induced remission of oesophageal involvement in mixed connective tissue disease
Authors: Pines Amos , Goldhammer Ehud , Kaplinsky Naomi , Bregman Joseph , Frankl Otto 
Published: December 2008

Summary
Oesophageal involvement is known to be one of the most severe and resistant manifestations of connective tissue diseases, mainly progressive systemic sclerosis (PSS). A patient who had manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus, PSS and polymyositis is described. Since some features of mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD) respond to corticosteroid treatment, fluocortolone was administered and both clinical and radiological remission of the oesophageal involvement were observed. At the same time, there was also a marked improvement of the cutaneous lesions. In view of the described observation, it seems advisable to try this treatment for oesophageal manifestations of MCTD.
Kocher-Debré-Sémélaigne syndrome and congenital nystagmus
Authors: Radhakrishnan K , Walia B N S , Venkateswarlu K , Mann S B S 
Published: December 2008

Summary
A 11-year-old boy with hypothyroidism developed generalized muscle hypertrophy and proximal muscular weakness. Electromyographic findings were suggestive of myopathy. He had had congenital nystagmus (CN) since early infancy. Although the association of childhood hypothyroidism and CN has been documented before, the triad of hypothyroidism, hypertrophic myopathy and CN exhibited by the patient is believed to be unique.
Cerebral involvement in primary mixed cryoglobulinaemia
Authors: Pines Amos , Goldhammer Ehud , Kaplinsky Naomi , Frankl Otto 
Published: December 2008

Summary
Primary mixed cryoglobulinaemia was diagnosed in a 65-year-old woman and confirmed on post-mortem examination. The patient had the classical findings of purpura, arthralgia, renal failure, mixed cryoglobulins in the serum and rheumatoid factor activity. The patient presented with haemolytic anaemia and later developed rectal bleeding, but the most prominent feature was an acute psychosis with electroencephalographic changes, that was attributed to the disease and responded well to corticosteroids. Primary mixed cryoglobulinaemia should be included in the differential diagnosis of central nervous system involvement in systemic connective tissue diseases. This complication should not be missed since it seems to respond well to corticosteroids and/or to plasmapheresis if diagnosed in time.
Amyloidosis complicating psoriasis
Authors: Amir-Ansari B , Joekes A M , Parkinson M C 
Published: December 2008

Summary
A man aged 59 years with a 39-year history of psoriasis, for which treatment had included steroids and methotrexate, developed renal failure caused by amyloidosis. Post-mortem revealed widespread amyloid deposits but no evidence of other disease classically associated with amyloidosis.
Liver abscess due to an unusual strain of Yersinia enterocolitica
Authors: Fothergill Judith , Mulira A E J L , Skirrow M B 
Published: December 2008

Summary
A 46-year-old man with long standing diabetes mellitus suffered a spontaneous liver abscess due to an unusual strain of Yersinia enterocolitica (biotype 3, serotype 05). Isotope and ultrasound scans were particularly valuable in the diagnosis and management of a difficult clinical problem.
Low-dose captopril in the treatment of severe refractory hypertension associated with renal failure
Authors: Bell G M , Doig A , Watson M L , Muir A L , Winney R J 
Published: December 2008

Summary
Six patients with severe refractory hypertension and chronic renal failure were treated with a low dose of captopril (mean daily dose 75 mg) in combination with dietary sodium restriction, frusemide and either metoprolol, labetalol or prazosin. Sustained control of blood pressure was achieved in all six patients. Adverse effects noted were severe hyperkalaemia (2 patients), skin rashes (2 patients) and taste disturbance (1 patient).
Childhood cervical enterogenous cyst presenting with hemiparesis
Authors: Woo P Y C , Sharr M M 
Published: December 2008

Summary
The clinical features of a cervical enterogenous cyst in a one-year-old boy mimicked those of an intracranial mass. Following removal of the cyst the neurological signs rapidly disappeared. The literature is reviewed from histological and clinical aspects and a classification of these cysts is proposed.
Symptomatic papillary tumour of the pulmonary valve
Authors: Cooper Linda Carol 
Published: December 2008

Summary
Papillary ‘tumours’ are small pedunculated lesions of the valve cusps and result from wear-and-tear. They are therefore frequent post-mortem findings in older patients. The vast majority are clinically silent, though occasionally such lesions when on the aortic valve may produce symptoms of myocardial or cerebral ischaemia. None has been known to cause symptoms when in the right side of the heart.
A 52-year-old woman is reported who had transient episodes of right ventricular outflow obstruction related to the presence of a papillary tumour on the pulmonary valve. Extensive radiotherapy to the chest wall was thought to be a causal factor.
Factors affecting resolution of pericardial effusions in primary hypothyroidism: a clinical, biochemical and echocardiographic study
Authors: Khaleeli A A , Memon N 
Published: December 2008

Summary
Echocardiography detected pericardial effusions in five out of six consecutive untreated patients with severe primary hypothyroidism and suspected myopathy, whereas the chest X-ray suggested only one. During L-thyroxine replacement, serial echocardiograms detected decrease in the size of the effusions in all the patients. This occurred before the serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels had significantly changed, although there was a small but significant rise in serum thyroxine. In one patient complete resolution of the effusion occurred before the patient became euthyroid, a previously unreported finding.
Small voltage complexes, T-wave inversion and non-specific T-wave flattening were the commonest electrocardiographic abnormalities noted. The former invariably and the latter two abnormalities frequently, reverted to normal before the patient became biochemically and clinically euthyroid. T-wave inversion in a particular lead, however, did not invariably do so, suggesting that permanent structural change might possibly have occurred.
The plasma creatine kinase (CK) was raised in four patients, and markedly raised at levels usually associated with muscular dystrophy, in two. At the onset of resolution of the pericardial effusions, the total plasma CK had fallen significantly in all patients in whom it was raised.
Psoriasis and gout
Authors: Fordham J N , Storey G O 
Published: December 2008

Summary
Ten cases of gouty arthritis are described in association with psoriasis. Eight were receiving intensive inpatient treatment for their skin condition. Diagnosis was based on clinical grounds or, in 3 cases, by compensated polarizing microscopy (CPM) of synovial fluid. All patients were male and 5 of them had conditions other than psoriasis known to predispose to hyperuricaemia. The patients appeared to fit into three groups: five had typical lower limb gout occurring in conjunction with long-standing extensive psoriasis; 3 patients had preceding features of inflammatory synovitis, one of whom subsequently developed typical distal interphalangeal involvement of peripheral psoriatic arthritis; two patients appeared to have coincident gout and psoriasis.
We believe that an association of gout with extensive long-standing psoriasis may exist particularly in male patients with an additional cause for hyperuricaemia. Long-term studies of a large population of psoriatics are required. Previous reports may have underestimated the incidence of gout because of failure to examine synovial fluid for crystals particularly from those patients with a subacute large joint arthropathy.