bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
GIS-integrated pluvial flood risk assessment methodology for urban areas
Authors: Truu Murel , Annus Ivar , Kändler Nils 
Published: March 2024

To different extents, most urban areas in Europe are exposed to pluvial flood hazards. The local communities, as well as city governments have to find measures either to cope with the consequences or look for solutions to prevent the possible damage of the floods. Moreover, in most cases cities cannot be transformed to be flood resilient with single isolated interventions, but need an adaptive approach for flood-conscious governance and management. For this, cities require up-to-date information on the flood risk, to make data-based decisions on how to avoid disastrous events, plan for flood resilient high-quality living environment, and where relevant, design and implement transformative interventions. The conventional definition of disaster risk combines the likelihood of potential hazard, exposure magnitude, and the level of vulnerability. However, when considering the multifaceted challenge of assessing the susceptibility and damage potential of urban pluvial flooding, this three-dimensional risk assessment methodology is not yet widely implemented. Additionally, a standardized risk management framework proposes an iterative risk assessment procedure, which could be well-suited for an adaptive governance approach. However, until now, the pluvial flood risk assessment has not been fitted to this framework. In the paper, we present a tiered pluvial flood risk assessment methodology, which can be applied to any urban area. The proposed solution couples the disaster risk function with the standardized iterative risk assessment procedure. This allows cities in various entry-level preparedness to improve their understanding of the city-wide pluvial flood susceptibility and identify the flood-prone urban watersheds in which more specific risk analyses are required. The methodology includes coupling a digital twin of an urban drainage system (UDS) and a geographical information system (GIS). By integrating the pluvial flood risk assessment procedure in the city GIS the cities can automatically determine the potential hazard and coping capacity of exposed areas, and analyse the concurrent vulnerabilities. The methodology has been tested in a small, but densely populated urban area in Estonia, Rakvere town.
An Experimental Study On Early Leak Localization In Drinking Water Networks using pressure measurements
Authors: Deleuze Yannick , Nova-Rincón Arley , Batany Yves-Marie , Abril Teodulo , Chenu Damien , Roux Nicolas 
Published: March 2024

Leaks represent a major issue impacting the management and efficiency of Drinking Water Networks (DWN) in cities worldwide. According to the Development Bank of Latin America, by 2018 the losses in DWN range from 40 to 60% in the region. In Europe, the OECD reports a wider range with few losses in cities like Amsterdam (4%) up to 37% in Naples. With this context, some regional policies have emerged like the 2020 european drinking directive “Right2Water”, that aims to encourage major suppliers (more than 50000 users), to develop tools to measure and reduce leakages by 2025. Considering this situation, we introduce here a systematic approach for leak management that combines field data, hydraulic models (HM) and machine learning.Model-based and data driven methods have been of great interest for leak location methodologies in DWN. This research will design energy-efficient and cost-efficient leak localization hotspots in the DWN. The approach is intended for sectorized DWN, equipped with a SCADA system and where a calibrated hydraulic model (e.g. EPANET) is available. This latter serves to evaluate the sensitivity of the system to leaks and identify potential points for pressure measurements in order to optimise the number of installed sensors. Given a detected leak in the network, a multiclass classifier using pressure data is developed to reduce the inspected pipe length for the leak location. The leakage localization method is implemented combining multiple individual classifiers using ensemble learning methods and a reduced number of decision variables. The methodology is tested on a real case study from a Colombian site. The method faces challenges in (a) collecting correctly labelled real leak data, and (b) modelling and calibrating hydraulic models. Those challenges are being addressed. The outcome shows that the length of pipes inspected can be reduced by one third with high performance in accuracy with few sensors required (low capital expenditures) and low computational effort (low energy and low operational expenditures).
Advances in Premise Plumbing Modeling
Authors: Buchberger Steven , Platten William , Murray Regan , Lee Juneseok , Janke Robert , Haxton Terra , Grayman Walter M. , Burkhardt Jonathan 
Published: March 2024

In summer 2019, a new task committee on Premise Plumbing Modeling (PPM) was approved under the auspices of the Water Distribution Systems Analysis Committee of ASCE EWRI. The primary purpose of the PPM task committee is to advance the science of the new field of premise plumbing modeling. In particular, the PPM committee intends to identify areas where methods and models developed over the past several decades to manage municipal water distribution systems can also be applied to solve vexing problems that arise in the premise plumbing systems of contemporary buildings. The ultimate goal of the PPM committee is to identify and develop water systems management tools for use by practicing engineers, as well as the larger water distribution research community, in support of the safe design and operation of indoor water distribution systems. Initially, three general areas were identified where current modeling approaches could be applied to premise plumbing: [1] hydraulic design and performance, [2] building water quality and age, and [3] water safety and security. Using these three core areas as a backdrop, this presentation will describe key accomplishments of the PPM task committee including: creation of a monthly webinar series reaching an international audience, distribution of a quarterly newsletter to the professional community, presentation of technical sessions at annual EWRI national Congress, preparation of a state-of-the-art journal paper, publication of a textbook style final report to archive the main topics covered in the PPM webinar series. Finally, this talk will conclude with a glimpse of the challenging problems posed by modern premise plumbing systems and the unique opportunities waiting for researchers working in the field of water distribution network analysis.
Survey Exploring Customer Complaint Management and Smart Water Technology Adoption Across U.S. Water Systems
Authors: DiCarlo Morgan , Berglund Emily Zechman , Kaza Nikhil , Grieshop Andrew , Shealy Luke , Behr Adam 
Published: March 2024

High profile water quality events, including the Flint Lead in Water Crisis, have contributed to a decline in customer trust in their water utilities. For example, a recent study indicates as many as 60 million Americans do not drink tap water because they perceive risks in the cleanliness of water and do not trust water providers [1]. One way that utilities can build trust with customers is through improved management of customer complaints. Utilities can store, track, visualize, and share customer complaints to improve service and improve the way that customers interact with information about water quality. Smart water technologies, including Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI), data portals, and personal device applications (apps) can be utilized to better communicate with customers. Advanced data analytics can improve the insight that is gained about the source of water quality problems. We surveyed utilities about their perspectives on trust and customer complaint management. This research explores the development, implementation, and results of a survey instrument distributed to water service providers across the United States. Survey questions explore the existing tools that utilities use to collect customer complaints, the adoption of smart technology by utilities, and characteristics of customer complaints. This research will assess capabilities to detect issues from customer complaints trends and the level of smart technology integration in United States water systems. We employ cross sectional analytical techniques to assess differences in complaint reporting and management system by utility size, urbanization, and socioeconomics of their service area. This research will develop new insight about the types of tools that utilities need and are willing to adopt to receive, analyse, and report customer complaints.
Development of a graph dynamic sectorization tool using QGIS/PostgreSQL to plan and operate water distribution networks
Authors: Torret Requena Xavier , Grau Torrent Sergi , Pérez Magrané Ramon , Amat Miralles Enric 
Published: March 2024

This paper presents a definition of the different types of sectorization used by water distribution companies, as well as a methodology for their identification and application in the dynamic zoning of water distribution networks. The graph model of large water supply networks is made up of thousands or hundreds of thousands of nodes and pipelines, as well as valves, tanks, pumps and pressure groups. Its generation from the data contained in a GIS does not report difficulty with the currently existing tools, the GISWATER module of QGIS is an example of this. Problems arise when these models have to be operated from a high number of conditions and scenarios. To facilitate the operability of the system, one of the strategies is to simplify its operation through topological analysis. One of the proposals is clustering where the nodes belonging to a cluster have more and better connections with the internal nodes than with the external ones. Our work analyzes water distribution networks from five different points of view, which it represents five sector classes according to the parameter analyzed. As result, one of them, the District Metering Area (DMA) delimited by headers (flowmeters) and stoppers (other flowmeters or closed valves), is extensively covered in the literature. The other four, less common in the literature, have a definition equivalent to that of the DMA but based on other class of headers and stoppers. Therefore, if we are looking to operate the network from the point of view of pressure, we can use the dynamic sectorization algorithm by configuring Tanks, Head pumps, flow pumps, PSV, PBV or PRV as headers. Moreover, to operate and analyze the network from the point of view where water comes from, we can use again the dynamic algorithm by configuring the inlets of the system as headers (Tanks and Reservoirs). On the other hand, if the goal is to be focused on water quality, the algorithm can be configured using clorinathors, reclorinathors, water treatment equipment or water sources as headers. Finally, special attention deserves the minimum sector which represents the minimum structural unit of the network, defined by the region covered by network where there are shutoff-valves on their borders. In order to operate water networks as optimized as possible, the status of shut-off valves is dynamic. The opening and closing of valves allows a continuous reconfiguration of the network and the classes or types of sectors defined. As result, to analyze the network graph using this approach enables the water operator to analyze the best status as possible as well as it is amazing scenario to analyze resilience of network using stochastics methods.
Modelling consumers in intermittent water supplies: a comparative review of EPANET - based methods
Authors: Abdelazeem Omar , Meyer David Donald James 
Published: March 2024

Intermittent Water Supply (IWS) networks, which pressurize for less than 24 hours/day, affect 1 billion people worldwide and are associated with increased water contamination and inequitable distribution. Due to these downsides, various methods to model consumers and understand their behaviour were proposed. We found more than 8 different methods of modelling IWS consumers, but we know of no comparative analyses of these methods nor their efficacy. This study comparatively reviews methods of modelling IWS consumers implemented in EPANET, due to their prevalence, reproducibility, and accessibility. Methods of modelling IWS consumers were found to fall into three groups based on their assumed consumer withdrawal behaviour: unrestricted, flow-restricted, and volume-restricted methods. We applied each method to three reference networks and compared the methods’ performance after subjecting each reference network to common IWS improvement strategies, including changing the supply duration and/or source pressure. Flow-restricted methods assume consumers withdraw their demands at a constant rate, leading to unrealistic predictions when subjected to unexpected changes in supply conditions. Volume-restricted methods assume consumers withdraw at the highest, hydraulically feasible rate until their storage tanks fill. This assumption highlights pronounced inequality between consumers, as consumers advantaged by source proximity and/or elevation receive their demands faster and earlier. Our results demonstrate that the simulated behaviour of IWS depends substantially on the type of consumer model employed. Presented examples demonstrate that consumer model selection can change the simulation-predicted optimal strategies for coping with and improving IWS. IWS modelling methods should reflect the consumer behaviour in the modelled network and the model’s intended use.
Analysis of friction models during simulations of filling processes in single pipelines
Authors: Fuertes-Miquel Vicente S. , Coronado-Hernández Óscar E. , Iglesias-Rey Pedro L. , Besharat Mohsen , Ávila Humberto , Ramos Helena M. 
Published: March 2024

The analysis of filling processes in pressurized pipelines has been conducted using a steady friction model in the implementation of governing equations. This research is focused on the case of a filling process of a single pipeline without an air valve. Three equations were used to represent the phenomenon: (i) a rigid water column approach, which describes the water movement along the water system; (ii) a piston flow model, which assumes a perpendicular air-water interface to the main direction of the pipe; and (iii) a polytropic model for representing the thermodynamic behaviour of an entrapped air pocket. This research studies the filling processes occurrence using equations of steady and unsteady friction models, where Moody, Wood, Hazen-Williams, and Swamee-Jain equations are analysed. The analysis is applied to a case study of a single pipe of a total length of 1000 m with an internal diameter of 595 mm variation of pressure surges in the implementation of these formulations. Results confirm that there is a minimum discrepancy between steady and unsteady friction models since values of pressure surges pattern are similar.
“Judeo-Arabic” and the Separationist Thesis
Authors: Shohat Ella 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This essay questions the axiomatic ontology of the “Judeo-Arabic language” as a cohesive unit separate from Arabic and its entanglement in the persistent ambivalence surrounding the conjoining of “the Jewish” and “the Arab.” In the wake of the partition of Palestine and the dislocation of Arab-Jews to Israel, classificatory categories, which can be traced to the nineteenth-century academic meeting ground of Semitic/Oriental and Hebraic/Judaic studies, came to be reinforced in the twentieth century within Zionist discourse. Largely shaped by foundational scholars of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, knowledge production about Arabic-speaking Jews was embedded in what the essay regards as “Judeo-Arabic Orientalism.” Entrenched in the politics of linguistic naming is a partitioning ethnonationalist imaginary of culture and belonging. The epistemic framework undergirding “Judeo-Arabic language” is emblematic of what the essay refers to as “the separationist thesis.” Revisiting a few key arguments, the essay traces the genealogy not of a language but rather of an idea of a language, highlighting the invention of a paradoxical formation—an Arabic that is at once non-Arabic.
Hemoparasitas de quirópteros e marsupiais capturados no Estado de São Paulo, Brasil
Authors: Torres Domingas M. A. G. Vieira , Dias Rosa Maria D. Souza , Chieffi Pedro Paulo , Tolezano José Eduardo , Nagamori Adélia H. 
Published: March 2024

Estudaram-se os hemoparasitas de 399 quirópteros e 73 marsupiais capturados em áreas florestais do Es ta do de São Paulo, localizadas nos municípios de Itapetininga, Salesópolis, Iguape, Itanhaém, Santos e São Paulo. De cada animal retirou-se amostra de sangue, procedendo-se à preparação de esfregaços corados pela técnica de Giemsa. Foi revelada a presença de hemoparasitas em 73 (18,3%) quirópteros e 10 marsupiais (14,3%). Entre os quirópteros encontraram-se os seguintes hemoparasitas, com a respectiva freqüência: Litornosoides sp. (13,5%), Hepatozoon sp. (1,8%), Graharnella sp. (1,5%) e Trypanosorna sp. (1,5%). No caso dos marsupiais, encontraram-se apenas duas espécies de hemoparasitas: Hepatozoon sp. (9,6%) e Graharnella sp. (4,1%). Os tripanosomídeos presentes nos quirópteros examinados puderam ser classificados no subgênero Schizotrypanurn, em três ocasiões, e no subgênero Megatrypanurn, em outras três.
How Tort Can Address Historical Injustice
Authors: Wentholt Niké , Immler Nicole L. 
Published: March 2024

How Tort Can Address Historical Injustice
Recent years have seen an increase in civil litigation of cases of systemic and historical injustice in the Netherlands. Cases regarding war crimes, genocide and other human rights violations in the past and present have reached the Dutch civil courts through tort law. Meanwhile, scholarly disciplines have difficulty understanding the match between tort law and historical injustice cases, distracted by tort’s technicalities and alleged formality. This article provides an interdisciplinary analysis aiming to theoretically clarify the urgency and aspiration put on tort by the slavery justice movement: what potential does tort hold for addressing historical injustice, such as slavery? The article identifies ‘talking points’ between two compatible theories from the sociological and legal disciplines, transformative justice and civil recourse theory, illustrated with cases of systemic and historical injustice. It argues that despite difficulties, tort litigation can be a viable platform to address historical injustices such as colonial slavery. This impact is not dependent on a successful legal outcome: the process can foster agency through process, and participation through inclusion, as core characteristics of remedying historical injustice.
The Most Salient Legal Hurdle
Authors: Veraart Wouter 
Published: March 2024

The Most Salient Legal Hurdle
In this article, a distinction is made between two approaches to the legal evaluation of colonial slavery. In the first one, the recognition of colonial slavery as a crime against humanity is limited to the ‘here and now’, muted and even deprived of its legal meaning. In the second approach, colonial slavery is seen as already violating important legal principles that were valid at the time. In this way, it opens the possibility to recognise colonial slavery as a legal crime. Accordingly, it is argued that only the second approach honours the personhood of the enslaved person, creates room for reparation and addresses a persistent contradiction within law itself.
The Figure of the Slave as an Ethical Paradigm in the Work of Agamben
Authors: De Boer Ype 
Published: March 2024

The Figure of the Slave as an Ethical Paradigm in the Work of Agamben
There is an extensive history of reflections on the nature of slavery and the dehumanising politics surrounding it. Rarely, however, is the figure of the slave proposed as a paradigm for the good life. Yet this is precisely how it occurs in the later work of controversial Italian thinker Giorgio Agamben. This counter-intuitive approach has invited various types of criticism. This article argues that, although limited and historically deficient in its treatment of slavery, Agamben’s revaluation is nonetheless allied with the decolonial call for a new consciousness liberated of ‘colonial logics’ and a new relation to the environment. The radical intuition guiding Agamben is that, as long as we recognise in the slave only the figure of the abject and the dehumanised, we unwittingly value human life from the viewpoint of the master, which is one of the fundamental ‘errors’ that keeps systematic exclusion and institutional violence in place.
LIVED EXPERIENCES OF PUBLIC-SCHOOL TEACHERS DURING IN-PERSON CLASSES: BASIS FOR PROPOSED STRESS COPING PLAN
Authors: JALA JENELYN , Macalisang Denmark 
Published: March 2024

The reintegration of in-person classes poses unique challenges for public-school teachers, whose experiences during this transitional period significantly contribute to the overall stress levels. Understanding the nuanced aspects of their lived experiences is crucial for developing an effective stress coping plan that addresses the specific needs and concerns arising from the recall of in-person classes. This study sought to determine the lived experiences of public-school teachers during the recall of in-person classes. The study employed qualitative research design specifically the transcendental phenomenological approach and thematic analysis technique. The study found that public school teachers faced various challenges during in-person classes, including work overload problems, work struggles, students’ behavioral problems, and low literacy skill development. To cope with the stress caused by these challenges, teachers used differentiated instruction, and collaborative learning, and focused on their holistic wellness. A stress-coping plan has been proposed that involves developing effective teaching strategies, increasing parental engagement, and building personal and professional resilience. Promoting differentiated instruction and collaborative learning and supporting teachers’ personal and professional well-being will be taken into consideration to improve the educational experience of both teachers and students.
Application Of Game Theory In Determining Optimum Marketing Strategy In Marketplace
Authors: Intan Permata  , Esther Sorta Mauli Nababan  
Published: March 2024

The trend of shopping in society is getting shifted, marked by the presence of the growing marketplaces and e-commerce. There are so many choices of marketplaces that can be easily accessed by the society. By the marketplaces vary, there would be many things to prepare by every marketplace to win the competition and always maintain the existence. Therefore, they must think and use the effective marketing strategy. The game theory is one of the ways that can be used to analyze the marketing strategy. The game theory is a mathematics model used in a conflict or competition among various interests that meet each other as competitors. Basically, the theory is a study of strategy interaction among the players to determine the best strategy and the obtained score. One of basic elements of the game theory is solving every case of the game theory where the pay-off matrix is shown in a game matrix table. The data of game between Shopee and Tokopedia obtained the optimum score which was 2.4443. Shopee and Bukalapak obtained the optimum score which was 6. Meanwhile, Tokopedia and Bukalapak obtained the optimum score which was 8.9925. In the Shopee, Tokopedia, and Bukalapak competition, the Nash equilibrium point is located at the point () with a pay off value (64,56,43), Shopee with a discount voucher strategy (), Tokopedia with a Product strategy (), and Bukalapak with a promotion strategy () which is the optimal strategy for each player.