bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surface plasmon resonance imaging protein arrays for analysis of triple protein interactions of HPV, E6, E6AP, and p53
Authors: Ro Hyeon‐Su , Koh Byung Hoon , Jung Sun Ok , Park Hyun Kyu , Shin Yong‐Beom , Kim Min‐Gon , Chung Bong Hyun 
Published: February 2006

AbstractWe have developed a surface plasmon resonance (SPR)‐based protein microarray to study protein–protein interactions in a high‐throughput mode. As a model system, triple protein interactions have been explored with human papillomaviral E6 protein, tumor suppressor p53, and ubiquitin ligase E6AP. Human papillomavirus (HPV) is known to be a causative agent of cervical cancer. Upon infection, the viral E6 protein forms a heterotrimeric protein complex with p53 and E6AP. The formation of the complex eventually results in the degradation of p53. In the present study, a GST‐fused E6AP protein was layered onto a glutathione (GSH)‐modified gold chip surface. The specific binding of GST‐E6AP protein onto the gold chip surface was facilitated through the affinity of GST to its specific ligand GSH. The interacting proteins (E6 and/or p53) were then spotted. Detection of the interaction was performed using a SPR imaging (SPRI) technique. The resulting SPRI intensity data showed that the protein–protein interactions of E6AP, E6, and p53 were detected in a concentration‐dependent manner, suggesting that the SPRI‐based microarray system can be an effective tool to study protein–protein interactions where multiple proteins are involved.
Oxo‐crown‐ethers as comonomers for tuning polyester properties
Authors: Van Der Mee Lars , Antens Jany , Van De Kruijs Bas , Palmans Anja R. A. , Meijer E. W. 
Published: February 2006

Abstract2‐Oxo‐12‐crown‐4‐ether (OC) was procured in a novel, two‐step procedure in a 37% overall yield. This interesting hydrophilic lactone was effectively polymerized with Novozym 435 as the catalyst: within 10 min, the monomer conversion was greater than 95%. Poly(2‐oxo‐12‐crown‐4‐ether) [poly(OC)] was obtained as a viscous oil with a glass‐transition temperature of approximately −40 °C, and it was soluble in water. Subsequently, OC was copolymerized with ω‐pentadecanolactone (PDL). A kinetic evaluation of both monomers showed that for OC, the Michaelis–Menten constant (KM) and the maximal rate of polymerization (Vmax) were 2.7 mol/L and 0.24 mol/L min, respectively, whereas for PDL, KM and Vmax were 0.5 mol/L and 0.09 mol/L min, respectively. Although OC polymerized five times faster than PDL, 1H NMR analysis of the copolymers revealed a random copolymer structure. Differential scanning calorimetry traces of the copolymers showed that they were semicrystalline and that the melting temperature and melting enthalpy of the copolymers linearly decreased with an increasing amount of OC. The melting temperature of the copolymers could be adequately predicted by the Baur equation, and this suggested that poly (OC) was rejected from the poly(ω‐pentadecanolactone) [poly(PDL)] crystals. Solid‐state NMR studies confirmed that the crystalline phase exclusively consisted of poly (PDL), whereas the amorphous phase was a mixture of OC and PDL units. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 2166–2176, 2006
Synthesis and properties of polythiophenes with conjugated side‐chains containing carbon–carbon double and triple bonds
Authors: Zhou Erjun , Hou Jianhui , Yang Chunhe , Li Yongfang 
Published: February 2006

AbstractTwo soluble side‐chain conjugated polythiophenes, poly{3‐[2‐(4‐octyloxy‐phenyl)‐vinyl]‐thiophene} (P3OPVT) and poly{3‐(4‐octyloxy‐phenylethynyl)‐thiophene} (P3OPET) have been synthesized successfully. In P3OPVT and P3OPET, substituted benzene rings are connected with the polythiophene backbone through trans carbon–carbon double bond and carbon–carbon triple bond, respectively. Absorption spectra of the P3OPVT and P3OPET both show two absorption peaks located in UV and visible region, respectively. The results of optical and electrochemical measurements indicate that the conjugated side‐chains can reduce the bandgap effectively. This type of side‐chain conjugated polythiophenes may be promising for the applications in polymer photovoltaic cells and field effect transistors. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 2206–2214, 2006
Characterisation of new strains of atrazine‐degrading Nocardioides sp. isolated from Japanese riverbed sediment using naturally derived river ecosystem
Authors: Satsuma Koji 
Published: February 2006

AbstractA Gram‐positive bacterial strain able to degrade the herbicide atrazine was isolated using a simple model ecosystem constituted with Japanese riverbed sediment and its associated water (microcosm). Treatment of the water phase of the microcosm with 1 mg litre−1 [ring‐14C]atrazine resulted in the rapid degradation of atrazine after a 10 day lag phase period. The [ring‐14C]cyanuric acid formed was transiently accumulated as an intermediary metabolite in the water phase and was subsequently mineralised through triazine ring cleavage. Possible atrazine‐degrading microbes suspended in the water phase of the microcosm were isolated by the plating method while rapid degradation of atrazine was in progress. Among the 48 strains that were isolated, 47 exhibited atrazine‐degrading activity. From these 47 isolates, 12 strains that were randomly selected were found to identically convert atrazine to cyanuric acid via hydroxyatrazine. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of the genes corresponding to atrazine degradation revealed that these strains at least carried the genes trzN (atrazine chlorohydrolase from Nocardioides C190) and atzC (N‐isopropylammelide isopropyl amidohydrolase from Pseudomonas ADP). Physiological characteristics and 16S rDNA partial sequences of six strains that were further selected strongly suggested that all these isolates originated from the same Nocardioides sp. strain. Additionally, only one isolate could mineralise the triazine ring of cyanuric acid. Based on microscopic observations, this strain appears to be a two‐membered microbial consortium consisting of Nocardioides sp. and a Gram‐negative bacterium. In conclusion, atrazine biodegradation in the microcosm appeared to occur predominantly by Nocardioides sp. to yield cyanuric acid, which could be mineralised by the other relatively ubiquitous microbes. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
Metribuzin mobility in soil columns as affected by urea fertiliser
Authors: Singh Neera 
Published: February 2006

AbstractApplication of urea fertilisers to soils influences the soil solution characteristics and thus may affect the sorption of soil‐applied herbicides. The present investigation reports the influence of urea co‐application on sorption and leaching of metribuzin, a triazine herbicide. Urea application at 60 and 120 kg N ha−1 increased metribuzin sorption in soils over that in untreated natural soil. The Kf (Freundlich adsorption coefficient) values of metribuzin for natural, 60 and 120 kg N ha−1 treatments were 0.43, 0.46 and 0.84 µg1 − 1/n g−1 ml1/n respectively. Downward mobility of metribuzin was studied in packed soil columns (300 mm length × 59 mm i.d.) at two irrigation intensities, 720 m3 ha−1 (72 mm) and 3600 m3 ha−1 (360 mm). After 720 m3 ha−1 irrigation, metribuzin did not leach out of any column and was not detected in the leachate. Urea amendment slowed the leaching of metribuzin by 20 and 40% in 60 and 120 kg N ha−1 urea‐treated columns respectively. Also, following urea application, greater amounts of metribuzin were retained in the application zone. Upon increasing the irrigation intensity fivefold, urea application did not have any effect on metribuzin mobility, and its breakthrough from both natural and urea‐amended columns occurred after 126 mm irrigation. However, there was a marked difference in the maximum concentration of metribuzin in the breakthrough curves obtained from natural and urea‐amended columns. The study indicated that co‐application of metribuzin and urea fertiliser is a safe practice as far as leaching of herbicide is concerned. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
Spatially resolved deformation studies on carbon steel employing X‐rays and positron annihilation
Authors: Haaks Matz , Müller Ingo , Schoeps Andreas , Franz Hermann 
Published: February 2006

AbstractSpatially resolved studies on plasticity in a polycrystalline sample of the ferritic carbon steel C45E (AISI 1045) were performed after deformation in a three‐point bending test. The local effects of deformation were investigated by scanning the sample with two different methods: Positron Annihilation Spectroscopy (S‐parameter) and Debye–Scherrer diffraction (reflex broadening). A simple relation between the results of both experiments and the true strain over the cross‐section of the bent sample is presented in this letter. Comparing the methods a linear correlation between the lattice distortion of α‐iron and the defect sensitive positron annihilation parameter is found. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Relevance of Skip Metastases for Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Oral Tongue and the Floor of the Mouth
Authors: Dias Fernando L. , Lima Roberto A. , Kligerman Jacob , Farias Terence P. , Soares Jose Roberto N. , Manfro Gabriel , Sa Geraldo M. 
Published: February 2006

OBJECTIVETo analyze the therapeutic implications of the distribution of neck metastases (NM) in patients with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the tongue and the floor of the mouth (FOM).PATIENTS AND METHODSFrom January 1987 through December 1997, 339 previously untreated patients with T1‐2 N0 M0 SCC of the tongue and the FOM underwent primary surgical treatment in our institution. A retrospective review of the pathology reports and outcome of these patients was made to ascertain the prevalence and distribution of NM. Patients were grouped by clinical neck status at the time of neck dissection: elective neck dissection (END) in the NO neck and subsequent therapeutic dissection (STD) in the neck observed which converted clinically to N+ or regional recurrences after END. All patients were classified according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC)/UICC 2002 TNM classification.RESULTSAll patients underwent surgical treatment of the primary cancer and had negative margins at frozen section. Overall incidence of NM was 41.3%. Twenty‐seven point eight percent of T1 N0 M0 and 48.2% of T2 N0 M0 patients developed NM (P =. 0004). Occult neck metastases occurred in 24.1% of patients. Clinically, N+ metastases occurred in 23.6% of patients. The overall incidence of NM in levels IV and V was 8.5%. Neck level IV nodes were involved in only 1.5% of patients in the END group versus 23.7% in the STD group (P < 0.001). Level V was always associated to nodal metastases in other neck levels. Only 2% of patients in our study presented “skip metastases” in the neck.CONCLUSIONSNeck levels I and II were at great risk for the development of NM (46.9% and 75.3% respectively). Levels IV (6.5%) and V (2%) were rarely involved in our group of patients. The results found in this study support the indication of supraomohyoid neck dissection for N0 and a more comprehensive neck dissection (levels I‐V) for N+ patients in Stage I‐II SCC of the tongue and FOM.EBM rating: C‐4© 2006 American Academy of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery Foundation, Inc. All rights reserved.
Salivary Gland Tumors in Survivors of Childhood Cancer
Authors: Whatley W. Stites , Thompson Jerome W. , Rao Baskar 
Published: February 2006

BACKGROUNDThere is an increased incidence of second malignant neoplasms in survivors of childhood cancers. The most common second malignancies are acute leukemia, bone and soft tissue tumors, and carcinoma of the skin, breast, and thyroid. Although, ionizing radiation has been demonstrated to increase the risk of developing a salivary gland neoplasm, there are few reports of salivary gland neoplasms occurring in patients treated for cancer in childhood.METHODSA retrospective review of the patient registry of St. Jude Children's Research Hospital from 1963‐2003.RESULTSTwelve survivors of childhood cancer developed a salivary gland neoplasm after completion of treatment. These patients were initially treated for a variety of childhood cancers with a combination of radiation and chemotherapy. The pathology of the salivary gland tumors were mucoepidermoid carcinoma (10), adenoid cystic carcinoma (1), and pleomorphic adenoma (1). All patients were treated with surgical excision of the primary tumor, and postoperative radiation was added in select patients. Eleven patients were alive with no evidence of disease at last follow‐up, and 1 patient was alive with clinical evidence of pulmonary metastasis.CONCLUSIONRadiation and chemotherapy used to treat patients with childhood malignancies increases the risk of developing a second neoplasm of salivary gland origin. The majority of these neoplasms are malignant; mucoepidermoid carcinoma occurs most frequently. The treatment of these tumors includes surgical excision of the primary, with neck dissection in patients with clinical evidence of nodal metastasis, and postoperative radiation added for pathologies with adverse features.EBM rating: C‐4© 2006 American Academy of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery Foundation, Inc. All rights reserved.
In Vitro Analysis of Differential Expression of Collagens, Integrins, and Growth Factors in Cultured Human Chondrocytes
Authors: Goessler Ulrich Reinhart , Bugert Peter , Bieback Karen , Sadick Haneen , Baisch Alexander , Hormann Karl , Riedel Frank 
Published: February 2006

OBJECTIVESTissue engineering represents a promising method for the construction of autologous chondrogenic grafts for reconstructive surgery. In cultured chondrocytes, the dedifferentiation and proliferation of the cells are critical factors that influence the generation of transplants. The aim of our study was to find and characterize markers for cell proliferation and dedifferentiation in cultured chondrocytes.STUDY DESIGN AND SETTINGHuman chondrocytes were isolated from septal cartilage and held in primary cell culture. Cells were harvested after 1, 6, and 21 days. The differentiation of the cells was investigated with bright‐field microscopy, the expression patterns of various proteins using immunohistochemistry, and the expression of distinct genes with the microarray technique.RESULTSThe chondrocytes showed a strong proliferation. After 6 and 21 days, collagen 9 and 10 were downregulated; collagen 11 was activated. Collagen 1 and 2 were downregulated after 6 days but were reactivated after 21 days. Tumor growth factor β (TGF‐β)1 was strongly expressed on days 1, 6, and 21, TGF‐β2 was never expressed, and TGF‐β3 and ‐β4 were upregulated from day 1 to day 21. The TGF‐β receptor III was expressed on days 1, 6, and 21. Integrin β1, β5, and α5 were upregulated from day 1 to day 21; integrin β3 was downregulated.CONCLUSION AND SIGNIFICANCECollagens 3, 4, 8, 9, and 11 might be new markers for the dedifferentiation of chondrocytes. Collagen 2 might be a marker for the synthetic activity of the cells rather than the dedifferentiation. TGF‐β3 and ‐β4 might influence the dedifferentiation, which is fortified by the expression of TGF‐β receptor III. Integrin β1, β5, and α5 might be involved in signal transmission for the dedifferentiation.© 2006 American Academy of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery Foundation, Inc. All rights reserved.
Reversible Peripheral Vestibulopathy: The Treatment of Superior Canal Dehiscence
Authors: Hillman Todd A. , Kertesz Thomas R. , Hadley Kevin , Shelton Clough 
Published: February 2006

OBJECTIVESuperior canal dehiscence (SCD) is a recently described disorder that results from absence of bone over the superior semicircular canal. We have reviewed 30 cases of SCD found at our institution and report their presentation, workup, and response to therapy.STUDY DESIGNRetrospective chart review of all patients diagnosed with SCD from 1999 to 2004 at the University of Utah.RESULTSThirty patients were identified with SCD. Patients presented with chronic disequilibrium (63%), Tullio's phenomenon (41%), pressure evoked vertigo (44%), hearing loss (30%), and pulsatile tinnitus (7%). ENG performed early in our series revealed abnormal nystagmus with sound presentation, Valsalva, or tympanogram; however, history and CT examination alone was used to identify this condition in most of our patients. Twenty‐seven of the 30 patients had some symptoms related to SCD; the other 3 were found to have incidental SCD on CT examination. Of these patients, 14 had severe enough symptoms to warrant operative intervention. All, but one had resolution of their symptoms after completion of intervention.CONCLUSIONSSuperior canal dehiscence is a highly treatable form of vestibulopathy once recognized. When patients present with typical symptoms, workup with CT is reliable and accurate. Surgical intervention results in reversal of symptoms in most cases with low morbidity.EBM rating: C‐4© 2006 American Academy of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery Foundation, Inc. All rights reserved.
Success of Posterior Semicircular Canal Occlusion and Application of the Dizziness Handicap Inventory
Authors: Shaia Wayne T. , Zappia John J. , Bojrab Dennis I. , LaRouere Michael L. , Sargent Eric W. , Diaz Rodney C. 
Published: February 2006

OBJECTIVESTo determine the long‐term efficacy and patient satisfaction of posterior semicircular canal occlusion (PSCO) as a treatment for intractable benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV).STUDY DESIGN AND SETTINGRetrospective analysis of patients with BPPV who underwent PSCO was conducted in a tertiary referral center. Demographic data, clinical records, and audiometric data were reviewed. Dix‐Hallpike maneuver, dizziness handicap inventory (DHI), and a specific PSCO questionnaire (PCOQ) were used to measure outcome.RESULTSTwenty‐eight patients underwent PSCO. The mean follow‐up time was 40 months. All patients had normalization of the Hallpike test. DHI scores of 20 patients were recorded. The mean preoperative score was 70 compared with postoperative mean of 13 (P < 0.001). Mild hearing loss was found in 1 patient.CONCLUSIONS AND SIGNIFICANCEPSCO is highly successful. The DHI scores postoperatively show significant improvement. The PCOQ revealed an overall 85% patient satisfaction rate. PSCO is a safe and effective intervention for intractable BPPV with a high patient satisfaction rate.EBM rating: C‐4© 2006 American Academy of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery Foundation, Inc. All rights reserved.
Short‐Term Tumor Control and Acute Toxicity after Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Glomus Jugulare Tumors
Authors: Poznanovic Sheri A. , Cass Stephen P. , Kavanagh Brian D. 
Published: February 2006

OBJECTIVEGlomus jugulare tumors (GJT) have traditionally been treated by surgery or fractionated external beam radiation therapy (XRT). This study evaluates acute toxicity and short‐term efficacy of single‐fraction stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for the treatment of GJT.STUDY DESIGN AND SETTINGEight patients (age range 28‐74) with GJT underwent SRS (Brainlab linear accelerator) as primary treatment. A nominal dose of 15‐16 Gy was prescribed. RESULTS: After undergoing SRS, 7 of 8 patients (87.5%) reported complete resolution of presenting symptoms. Follow‐up MRIs showed tumor stabilization in 100% of patients. Transient vertigo occurred in one patient. One patient suffered acute GI upset and transient lower cranial neuropathy.CONCLUSIONStereotactic radiosurgery is an effective alternative for patients with GJT in achieving tumor control and resolution of symptoms.EBM rating: C‐4© 2006 American Academy of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery Foundation, Inc. All rights reserved.
Comparison of Subjective Perception with Objective Measurement of Olfaction
Authors: Philpott Carl M. , Wolstenholme Charlotte R. , Goodenough Paul C. , Clark Allan , Murty George E. 
Published: February 2006

OBJECTIVETo see if nasal peak inspiratory flow rate and subjective sense of smell had any correlation with olfactory thresholds.STUDY DESIGN AND SETTINGA cohort study of 186 normal volunteers was recruited from among staff and visitors at a university hospital. Olfactory thresholds were detected for each subject (103 with eucalyptol and 83 with phenethyl alcohol), along with nasal peak inspiratory flow (PIFR). Subjective sense of smell, along with nasal symptoms, mood, and alertness, were recorded on visual analogue scores.RESULTSSubjective perception of smell had no correlation with olfactory thresholds detected (P = 0.4057) and the other subjective measures also had no correlation. There was a significant relationship of PIFR to thresholds in the group tested with phenethyl alcohol (P = 0.002).CONCLUSIONAs with the sensation of nasal patency, the self‐assessment of a subject's sense of smell has poor correlation with their actual olfactory ability.SIGNIFICANCEA patient's history cannot be relied upon when determining their olfactory ability and formal testing should be performed.EBM rating: A‐1b© 2006 American Academy of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery Foundation, Inc. All rights reserved.
Heterogeneity in the Clinical Presentation of Eagle's Syndrome
Authors: Mendelsohn Abie H. , Berke Gerald S. , Chhetri Dinesh K. 
Published: February 2006

OBJECTIVEEagle's syndrome (ES) or symptomatic elongated styloid process is an uncommon but important cause of chronic head and neck pain. This study reports our experience in the diagnosis and treatment of a series of patients with ES.STUDY DESIGNPatient histories, radiographic tests, and operative reports of 3 patients over a 3‐month period were prospectively collected.SETTINGTertiary referral otolaryngology service.RESULTSAll patients had resolution of symptoms relating to their elongated styloid processes after surgical resection.CONCLUSIONAlthough sometimes clouded by coexisting symptoms, ES can be easily diagnosed based on good history taking and physical examination. If diagnosed appropriately, surgical treatment can be administered promptly.SIGNIFICANCEPatients with ES commonly have a long history of chronic pain treated by multiple physicians. Appropriate diagnosis can lead to prompt treatment of this condition.EBM rating: C‐4© 2006 American Academy of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery Foundation, Inc. All rights reserved.