bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Escrita, universidade e sociedade
Authors: Silva Silvia Aparecida José e , Barzotto Valdir Heitor , Mesquita André Campos 
Published: March 2024

Este artigo tem o objetivo de fazer uma reflexão sobre a formação de leitores no ensino superior e, para isso, utilizamos crônicas produzidas pelos alunos do curso superior de tecnologia em Gestão Empresarial no primeiro semestre de 2020. Para realização deste trabalho, os alunos entraram em contato com diferentes textos e suas possíveis interpretações. A proposta apresentada em sala de aula visava conhecer melhor os estudantes, contemplando também uma produção textual que permitisse observar as condições de sua escrita, suas escolhas temáticas e o modo como se relacionam com os fatos do cotidiano. A fim de realizar a análise presente neste trabalho, apoiamo-nos em Freire (2008), Kock (2011) e Ducrot.(1972; 1987; 1989; 1990). Essas análises apontam que a produção dos alunos, resultante de suas leituras, de modo geral, reproduzem o que convencionalmente é denominado por “senso comum”, ou seja: o discurso da ideologia dominante. Os textos tanto reproduzem essa ideologia como também a reforçam no processo discursivo. Concluímos que é necessário retornar sempre a um dos princípios do ensino de Língua Portuguesa - o de promover a formação de leitores que, por meio da escrita, possam dizer algo para a comunidade na qual estão inseridos e de acordo com o momento que estão vivendo, que vá além da constatação ou da reprodução do senso comum.
Apresentação do Dossiê "Linguagens e Pandemia"
Authors: Carvalho Carla Severiano de , Santos Elisângela Santana dos , Baudo Lorena Guadalupe 
Published: March 2024

Em meio aos desafios impostos pela pandemia de covid-19, as linguagens emergem como ferramentas cruciais para compreender, comunicar e transformar a realidade. Este dossiê tem por objetivo explorar as complexidades das linguagens - verbal, visual, simbólica - no contexto da crise sanitária global, examinando como expressões linguísticas e literárias moldaram e refletiram as experiências individuais e coletivas durante a pandemia.
À medida que vivenciamos o período pandêmico, a expressão através das linguagens tornou-se um farol que guiou nossa jornada. As palavras, as imagens, as linguagens digitais, corporais e sociais convergiram para formar um mosaico rico de experiências humanas. Enquanto enfrentamos as dificuldades inerentes ao isolamento social, também testemunhamos a inovação e a resiliência inerentes à nossa capacidade de nos comunicarmos e nos adaptarmos a situações adversas em contextos variados.
Os 08 (oito) trabalhos dos pesquisadores, acadêmicos e profissionais aqui reunidos exploram criticamente as múltiplas dimensões das linguagens acerca da temática proposta. Os artigos abrangem desde análises linguísticas e literárias até estudos de caso, passando por pesquisas interdisciplinares que investigam as maneiras como diferentes linguagens orientam nossas percepções e comportamentos em tempos de crise.
NEW APPROACH FOR BREAST CANCER DETECTION- BASED MACHINE LEARNING TECHNIQUE
Authors: AL-NAWASHI Malek M. , AL-HAZAIMEH Obaida M. , KHAZAALEH Mutaz Kh. 
Published: March 2024

The leading cause of cancer-related mortality is breast cancer. Breast cancer detection at an early stage is crucial. Data on breast cancer can be diagnosed using a number of different Machine learning approaches. Automated breast cancer diagnosis using a Machine Learning model is introduced in this research. Features were selected using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) as a classifier model, and noise was removed using Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization (CLAHE). On top of that, the research compares five algorithms: Random Forest, SVM, KNN, Naïve Bayes classifier, and Logistic Regression. An extensive dataset of 3002 combined images was used to test the system. The dataset included information from 1400 individuals who underwent digital mammography between 2007 and 2015. Accuracy and precision are the metrics by which the system's performance is evaluated. Due to its low computing power requirements and excellent accuracy, our suggested model is shown to be quite efficient in the simulation results.
AKTIVITAS ANTI-UV SEDIAAN SABUN DENGAN PENAMBAHAN EKSTRAK ASCIDIA Lissoclinum sp.
Authors: Palit Christian , Aulina Azzahra , Roring Rosemarie T. , Rori Jenever , Sumilat Deiske A. 
Published: March 2024

Ascidian have many types and are known to function as filter feeder organisms that play a role in controlling phytoplankton in the waters, and are known for their potential secondary metabolites. One of the secondary metabolites produced by ascidia is anti-UV. This study aims to analyze the anti-UV activity of soap preparations with the addition of ascidia Lissoclinum sp. This research was conducted at the Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis Chemistry. FMIPA UNSRAT. Anti-UV activity testing of the final soap was carried out by doing 3 repetitions for each formula. The results obtained after being tested on a UV-VIS spectrophotometer showed that there was a decrease in the anti-UV activity of each formula. From the anti-UV analysis that has been carried out, the SPF (Sun Protection Factor) value is obtained with an average SPF value for each formula, namely : soap formula 1: 10.45, soap formula 2: 20.21, soap formula 3: 9.35.
Keywords : Ascidia, Soap, Anti-UV, SPF, Formula
ABSTRAK
Ascidia memiliki banyak jenis dan dikenal memiliki fungsi yaitu sebagai organisme filter feeder yang berperan dalam pengendalian fitoplankton di perairan, serta dikenal karena keberadaan metabolit sekunder yang sangat potensial. Salah satu senyawa metabolit sekunder yang dihasilkan ascidia yaitu anti-UV. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa aktivitas anti-UV dari sediaan sabun dengan penambahan ekstra ascidia Lissoclinum sp. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Kimia Analisis Farmasi, FMIPA UNSRAT. Pengujian aktifitas anti-UV dari hasil akhir sabun telah dilakukan dengan melakukan 3 kali ulangan pada masing-masing formula. Hasil yang didapat setelah diujikan pada spektrofotometer UV-VIS menunjukan bahwa adanya penurunan aktifitas anti-UV dari masing-masing formula. Dari analisis anti-UV yang telah dilakukan, didapatkan nilai SPF (Sun Protection Factor) dengan rata-rata nilai SPF pada masing-masing formula yaitu : sabun formula 1 : 10.45, sabun formula 2 : 20.21, sabun formula 3 : 9.35.
Kata Kunci : Ascidia, Sabun, Anti-UV, SPF, Formula
STRUKTUR KOMUNITAS LAMUN DI PANTAI DESA BUDO KECAMATAN WORI KABUPATEN MINAHASA UTARA PROVINSI SULAWESI UTARA
Authors: Lengkong Hery A. , Wagey Billy Th. , Sondak Calvyn F.A. , Darwisito Suria , Kaligis Erly Y. , Pratasik Silveste.r B. 
Published: March 2024

This research was conducted on the coast of Budo Village, Wori District, North Minahasa Regency, North Sulawesi from March to December 2021. This study was conducted to determine the condition of seagrass beds on the coast of Budo village. The purpose of this study was to determine the types of seagrass and the structure of the seagrass community on the coast of Budo village. The observations found four species of seagrass namely, Enhalus acoroides, Cymodocea rotundata, Thalassia hemprichii, and Syringodium isoetifolium. The status of seagrass beds on the coast of Budo Village is classified as less rich/unhealthy with a closing value of 38.19%. It is known that the highest importance value index of seagrass is in the seagrass species Thalassia hemprichii and the lowest is Syringodium isoetifolium. Thus, the seagrass species Thalassia hemprichii on the coast of Budo village is a type of seagrass that acts as a stabilizer for the seagrass ecosystem in these waters.
Keywords: Seagrass, LineTransect, Community Structure, Budo Viilage

ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di pantai Desa Budo Kecamatan Wori Kabupaten Minahasa Utara Sulawesi Utara pada bulan Maret sampai Desember 2021. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui kondisi padang lamun yang ada di pantai desa Budo. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui jenis-jenis lamun dan struktur komunitas lamun di pantai desa Budo. Hasil pengamatan ditemukan empat spesies lamun yaitu, Enhalus acoroides, Cymodocea rotundata, Thalassia hemprichii, dan Syringodium isoetifolium. Status padang lamun di pantai Desa Budo tergolong pada kondisi kurang kaya/kurang sehat dengan nilai penutupan 38,19%. Diketahui bahwa indeks nilai penting lamun tertinggi pada jenis lamun Thalassia hemprichii dan terendah Syringodium isoetifolium. Dengan demikian jenis lamun Thalassia hemprichii di pantai desa Budo merupakan jenis lamun yang berperan sebagai penstabil ekosistem padang lamun di perairan tersebut.

Kata kunci: Lamun, Transek garis, Struktur komunitas, Desa Budo
VALUASI EKONOMI EKOSISTEM TERDAMPAK TUMPAHAN MINYAK DI KOTA BALIKPAPAN
Authors: Abbas Rahmat , Saputra Syifa 
Published: March 2024

Oil spills into marine waters, directly and indirectly, cause pollution that impacts biodiversity and the social economy of the community. This study evaluated and determined the economic valuation of ecosystems affected by oil spills in Balikpapan City. The research method uses revealed preferences from previous similar cases and is based on survey results. The survey results showed that the affected ecosystems were spread over 12 urban villages in Balikpapan City, with ecosystem types including mangrove ecosystems, seagrass beds, coasts, and marine waters. In addition, it also results in socio- economic losses for the community, especially for fishers in the city of Balikpapan. The PT PERTAMINA RU V oil spill in Balikpapan Bay impacts biota deaths due to poisoning of marine biota ecosystems, causing economic losses to the community. Marine biota such as fish, shrimp, and shellfish are reduced, damaging marine biota ecosystems such as spawning and damage to habitat and function. The impact of the affected ecosystem also resulted in considerable losses in efforts to recover from the damage caused by the oil spill.
Keywords: Balikpapan_city, economic_valuation, marine_ecosystem, oil_spill
ABSTRAK
Tumpahan minyak ke perairan laut secara langsung dan tidak langsung menyebabkan pencemaran yang berdampak pada keragaman hayati dan ekonomi sosial masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi dan menentukan valuasi ekonomi ekosistem terdampak tumpahan minyak Teluk Balikpapan di Kota Balikpapan. Metode penelitian menggunakan revealed preference dari kasus sebelumnya yang serupa dan berdasarkan hasil survey. Hasil survey didapatkan jenis ekosistem yang terdampak yaitu tersebar di 12 kelurahan di Kota Balikpapan, dengan jenis ekosistem diantaranya ekosistem mangrove, padang lamun, pesisir, dan perairan laut. Selain itu juga mengakibatkan kerugian sosial ekonomi masyarakat, khususnya bagi nelayan di Kota Balikpapan. Tumpahan minyak PT PERTAMINA RU V di Teluk Balikpapan berdampak terhadap kematian akibat keracunan ekosistem biota laut, sehingga menyebabkan kerugian ekonomi masyarakat. Biota laut seperti ikan, udang, kerang berkurang, kerusakan ekosistem biota laut seperti pemijahan dan kerusakan habitat dan fungsi. Dampak ekosisstem terdampak juga mengakibatkan kerugian yang besar dalam upaya pemulihan akibat kerusakan oleh tumpahan minyak.
Kata kunci: Ekosistem_Laut, Kota_Balikpapan, Tumpahan_minyak, valuasi_ekonomi
KOMPOSISI JENIS DAN KEPADATAN ASCIDIA Rhopalaea sp. DI PESISIR PANTAI KINAMANG, MALALAYANG DUA, TELUK MANADO
Authors: Musak Putra , Palit Christian , Ratih Mutiara , Sumilat Deiske A. 
Published: March 2024

Ascidian is one of the marine biotas with considerable potential in Indonesian waters but has not received serious attention. Therefore, a little research on this species is good to do with the aim of knowing the species composition and density of Rhopalaea sp. in Manado Bay waters with different depths. The purpose of this study was to analyze the Ascidian index to determine the species composition and density of Ascidian Rhopalaea sp. at different depths in Manado Bay waters, in this case the Kinamang coastal waters, Malalayang Dua. This research was carried out for 5 (five) months starting from April to August 2022. The tools and materials used in this study were: Global Positioning System (GPS), SCUBA set, roll meter, waterproof paper, writing utensils, camera, identification books, Horiba, laptop, Microsoft excel software and Ascidian. Data analysis was conducted to determine the composition and density of Ascidia Rhopalaea sp. The results obtained are Ascidia Rhopalaea sp. found there are 2 types, namely Rhopalaea and Rhopalaea crassa. After analyzing the data, Ascidian species R. crassa had higher composition and density values than Rhopalaea species.
Keywords: Ascidian, Species Composition, Density, Manado Bay

ABSTRAK
Ascidia merupakan salah satu biota laut dengan potensi yang cukup besar di Perairan Indonesia akan tetapi belum mendapatkan perhatian yang serius. Oleh karena masih sedikit penelitian mengenai jenis ini sehingga penelitian ini baik untuk dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui komposisi jenis dan kepadatan jenis Rhopalaea di Perairan Teluk Manado dengan kedalaman berbeda. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu menganalisis indeks ascidia untuk mengetahui komposisi jenis dan kepadatan Ascidia Rhopalaea sp. pada kedalaman yang berbeda di Perairan Teluk Manado dalam hal ini perairan pesisir Kinamang, Malalayang Dua. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan selama 5 (lima) bulan dimulai pada bulan April sampai dengan Agustus tahun 2022. Alat dan bahan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu : Global positioning system (GPS), Set SCUBA, roll meter, kertas anti air, alat tulis menulis, kamera, buku identifikasi, Horiba, laptop, software microsoft excel dan ascidia. Analisis data dilakukan untuk mengetahui komposisi jenis dan kepadatan Ascidia Rhopalaea sp. Hasil yang didapat yaitu Ascidia Rhopalaea sp. yang ditemukan berjumlah 2 jenis yaitu Rhopalaea dan Rhopalaea crassa. Setelah dilakukan Analisa data, Ascidia jenis R. crassa memiliki nilai komposisi jenis dan kepadatan yang lebih tinggi dari jenis Rhopalaea.
Kata Kunci: Ascidia, Komposisi Jenis, kepadatan, Teluk Manado
KONDISI PADANG LAMUN DI PERAIRAN DESA PONTO KECAMATAN WORI KABUPATEN MINAHASA UTARA
Authors: Lahope Ellsya P. , Kumampung Deislie R.H. , Sondak , Calvyn F.A. , Kusen Janny D. , Warouw Veibe , Kondoy Christin I.F. 
Published: March 2024

Seagrass bed is one of coastal ecosystem that can be found in tropic and subtropic waters. Ponto village waters has an extent seagrass bed however seagrass bed condition and seagrass species has not been describing yet. The purpose of this study was to determine the type of seagrass, the coverage of each seagrass type with in the research location as well the condition of the seagrass bed in the waters of Ponto Village. This research was conducted from April to May 2022, with in Ponto waters. The method used is the quadrant line transect method which calculated percentage of cover in one station and the calculation of the percentage of seagrass cover per species at one location. The average value obtained is the final result in determining the status and condition of the seagrass beds and the types of seagrass found. There were 5 species of seagrass found in the waters of Ponto Village consisting of (2 families and 5 genera) namely Cymodocea rotundata, Halophila ovalis, Syringodium isoetifolium, Thalassia hemprichii and Enhalus acoroides. The most dominating species were Thalassia hemprichii with an average value of seagrass cover of 16.71% and Enhalus acorides with an average value of seagrass cover of 12.99%. Seagrass cover in this area found moderate (29) for the condition of the seagrass beds at the research location, was with seagrass cover of 36.82%.
Key Word : Seagrass Bed, Identification, Health, Cover

ABSTRAK

Padang lamun merupakan salah satu ekosistem laut yang dapat ditemukan di perairan tropis dan subtropis. Perairan Desa Ponto, Kecamatan Wori, Kabupaten Minahasa Utara area padang lamun yang cukup luas. Kondisi padang lamun dan jenis lamun di wilayah ini belum diketahui. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui jenis lamun, penutupan jenis lamun di lokasi penenlitian dan kondisi padang lamun di perairan Desa Ponto. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada Bulan April-Mei 2022, di perairan Desa Ponto. Metode yang digunakan yaitu metode line transek kuadran yang mencakup perhitungan persentase tutupan dalam satu stasiun dan perhitungan persentase penutupan lamun per jenis pada satu lokasi. Nilai rata-rata yang didapatkan merupakan hasil akhir dalam penentuan status dan kondisi padang lamun serta jenis-jenis lamun yang ditemukan. Jenis lamun yang ditemukan ada 5 spesies yang terdiri dari (2 family dan 5 genus) yaitu Cymodocea rotundata, Halophila ovalis, Syringodium isoetifolium, Thalassia hemprichii dan Enhalus acoroides. Spesies yang paling mendominasi adalah Thalassia hemprichii dengan nilai rata-rata penutupan lamun 16,71% dan Enhalus acorides dengan nilai rata-rata penutupan lamun 12,99%. Tutupan lamun di daerah ini tergolong sedang untuk kondisi padang lamun di lokasi penelitian dengan tutupan lamun sebesar 36,82%.
Kata Kunci : Padang Lamun, Kondisi, Identifikasi, Tutupan
KOMPOSISI DAN KEPADATAN SAMPAH DASAR LAUT BERUKURAN MESO DAN MAKRO DI PERAIRAN PANTAI MANADO
Authors: Supit Septian Z. , Pelle Wilmy E. , Paulus James J. H. , Manembu Indri S. , Ginting Elvy L. , Sangari Joudy 
Published: March 2024

Manado shore is one of the water areas in North Sulawesi that has potential in coastal tourism. This is proved through the presence of tourists who want to enjoy the underwater beauty by diving either by snorkeling or by scuba. This study aimed to determine the density and composition of seabed waste in the waters of Manado shore. Sampling was carried out at 2 stations, the first station was in the estuary area of the Malalayang River and the second station was in the waters of the Megamas Manado area. The sampling method was carried out using the belt transect method by conducting SCUBA dives with a sampling area of 100 meters long and 2 meters wide. The identification results obtained 7 types of macro-sized marine debris which were classified into 17 types, while meso- sized garbage found 6 types of marine debris which were classified into 11 types. The composition for macro-sized waste is dominated by the type of plastic material (PL code; composition of 31%; weight of 7,990.025 g) while up to meso is dominated by the type of glass & ceramic material, (GC; 39%; 120.5 g). Macro and meso size marine debris density at the Manado Beach location, for macro size is dominated by the type of plastic material (PL code; 1.9 items/m2), while the meso size is dominated by the type of plastic material (PL; 1.42 items/m2). m2).
Keywords: Meso Trash Composition, Density, Seabed

ABSTRAK
Pantai Manado merupakan salah satu wilayah perairan yang ada di Sulawesi Utara yang memiliki potensi dalam kepariwisataan pantai. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan hadirnya para wisatawan yang ingin menikmati keindahan bawah laut dengan menyelam baik dengan snorkeling maupun dengan SCUBA. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui jumlah kepadatan dan komposisi sampah dasar laut di perairan Pantai Manado. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan pada 2 stasiun, stasiun yang pertama berada pada daerah estuari muara Sungai Malalayang dan stasiun kedua berada pada daerah perairan kawasan Megamas Manado. Metode pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan metode belt transek dengan cara melakukan penyelaman SCUBA dengan luasan pengambilan sampel panjang 100 meter dan lebar 2 meter. Hasil identifikasi didapatkan 7 jenis sampah laut berukuran makro yang diklasifikasi kedalam 17 jenis, sedangkan sampah berukuran meso ditemukan 6 jenis sampah laut yang diklasifikasi kedalam 11 jenis. Komposisi untuk sampah ukuran makro didominasi jenis bahan plastik (kode PL; komposisi sebesar 31 %; berat sebesar 7.990,025 g) sedangkan sampai meso didominasi jenis bahan kaca & keramik, (GC; 39 %; 120,5 g). Kepadatan sampah laut ukuran makro dan meso di lokasi Pantai Manado, untuk ukuran makro didominasi oleh jenis bahan plastik (kode PL; sebanyak 1,9 item/m2), sedangkan ukuran meso didominasi oleh jenis bahan plastik (PL; sebanyak 1,42 item/m2).
Kata Kunci: Sampah Meso, Sampah Makro, Komposisi, Kepadatan, Dasar Laut
KONDISI PADANG LAMUN DI SEKITAR PERAIRAN MOKUPA KECAMATAN TOMBARIRI KABUPATEN MINAHASA
Authors: Walo Meilin Yulita , Sondak Calvyn F. A. , Paransa Darus Sa’adah Johanis , Kusen Janny D. , Schaduw Joshian N. W. , Wagey Billy T. , Rangan Jetty 
Published: March 2024

Seagrass is the only flowering marine plant that lives permanently in shallow coastal waters and plays a key ecological role. This study aims to determine the types of seagrasses, community structure and current condition of seagrass beds nearby Mokupa waters. The method that used in this studywas the line transect method. This study found 5 types of seagrass and identified as : Enhalus acoroides, Halophila ovalis, Thalassia hemprichii, Cymodocea rotundata, and Syringodium isoetifolium. The average species density value was 25 ind/m², frequency was 1.26, species cover is 25.5. The highest important value index (INP) belongs to Cymodocea rotundata (101.5%). The diversity index (H’) was moderate with an average value of 1.17 and the dominance index is low with an average C value of 0.32. Based on the seagrass cover category, the seagrass beds in the study area were categorized as "rare" (0-25%). Water temperature ranging from 29 to34°C and water salinity 25 to 29‰. The substrate types found weresandy mud, muddy sand, and rubbels.
Keywords : Seagrass, Percentage of Closure, Community Structure, Mokupa Beach

ABSTRAK
Lamun merupakan satu-satunya tumbuhan laut berbunga yang hidup secara tetap di lingkungan perairan pantai yang dangkal dan merupakan kunci dalam peranan ekologis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis lamun, struktur komunitas dan kondisi terkini padang lamun di sekitar perairan Mokupa. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode line transek kuadrat. Pada penelitian ini ditemukan 5 jenis lamun yang teridentifikasi yaitu : Enhalus acoroides, Halophila ovalis, Thalassia hemprichii, Cymodocea rotundata, dan Syringodium isoetifolium. Nilai rata-rata kerapatan jenis 25 ind/m², frekuensi jenis 1,26, penutupan jenis 25,5, Indeks nilai penting (INP) lamun tertinggi terdapat pada spesies Cymodocea rotundata dengan nilai sebesar (101,5%). Indeks keanekaragaman sedang dengan nilai rata-rata H’ 1,17 dan indeks dominansi rendah dengan nilai rata-rata C 0,32. Berdasarkan kategori penutupan lamun, padang lamun yang terdapat di lokasi penelitian dikategorikan “jarang” dengan nilai penutupan lamun 0-25%. Faktor lingkungan antara lain: suhu berkisar 29 - 34°C, salinitas 25 - 29‰. Jenis substrat yang ditemukan adalah lumpur berpasir, pasir berlumpur, dan pecahan karang.
Kata Kunci : Lamun, Persentase Penutupan, Struktur Komunitas, Pantai Mokupa
ﺍﻟﻧﺹ ﺍﻷﺩﺑﻲ ﺍﻟﻣﺳﺭﺣﻲ ﺑﻳﻥ ﺍﻟﺳﻳﻣﻳﺎء ﻭﻧﻅﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺗﻠﻘﻲ
Authors: ﺃ.ﺩ.ﺻﺑﺎﺡ ﻋﻁﻳﺔ ﺳﻭﻳﺑﺞ  
Published: March 2024

ﻟﻘد ﺘوﺴﻌت اﻟد ارﺴﺎت اﻷدﺒﻴﺔ واﻟﻠﻐوﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻌﻘدﻴن اﻷﺨﻴرﻴن ﻤن ﻫذا اﻟﻘرن واﻨﺘﻌﺸـت

اﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﻌرﺒﻴﺔ ﺤﻴث ﺘﺒﻠورت ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻤﻨﺎﻫﺞ أﻗرب إﻟﻰ اﻟﺤﻘﻝ اﻷﻟﺴﻨﻲ ﻋن ﻏﻴرﻩ ﻤن اﻟﺤﻘوﻝ.
ﻓﻘــد ظﻬــر اﻟﻤــﻨﻬﺞ اﻟﺒﻨﻴــوي ﺒﺄدواﺘــﻪ اﻹﺠ ارﺌﻴــﺔ اﻟﺼــﺎرﻤﺔ وﺘطــور ﻫــذا اﻟﻤــﻨﻬﺞ ﻟﻴﻔــرز
اﻟﺒﻨﻴوﻴـﺔ اﻟﺘﻛوﻴﻨﻴـﺔ اﻟﺘـﻲ أﺒـت إﻻ أن ﺘﻌﻴـد اﻟﺤﻴـﺎة ﻟﻺﻨﺴـﺎن واﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤـﻊ ﻛﻤـﺎ ﺘﺒﻠـورت ﻤﻨـﺎﻫﺞ ﻻ
ﺘﺒﺘﻌــد ﻋــن اﻟﺤﻘــﻝ اﻷﻟﺴــﻨﻲ ﻛﺎﻷﺴــﻠوﺒﻴﺔ واﻟﺸــﻌرﻴﺔ.. إﻟــﺦ. إﻻ أن ﻫــذﻩ اﻟﻤﻨــﺎﻫﺞ ﺒــﺎﻟرﻏم ﻤــن
ﺘﻘﺎرﺒﻬـﺎ أو ﺘﺒﺎﻋـدﻫﺎ ﻓـﻲ اﻷدوات واﻟﻤواﻗـف اﻹﺠ ارﺌﻴـﺔ ﻟـم ﺘﺴـﺘطﻊ أن ﺘَﻠُـ َﺞ ﻋـﺎﻟم اﻟﻤﺴـرح ﻛﻠﻴـﺔَ
وﺨﺼوﺼﺎً اﻟﻨص اﻷدﺒﻲ ﺒﺎﻟذات. ﺼﺤﻴﺢ أن ﻫذﻩ اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻫﺞ ﻋرﻓت ﻨﺠﺎﺤـﺎت ﻤﺘﻔﺎوﺘـﺔ اﻷﻫﻤﻴـﺔ
ﻓـﻲ ﻤﺠـﺎﻻت اﻹﺒـداع اﻟﻤﻛﺘوﺒـﺔ ﺨﺎﺼـﺔً ﻛﻤﺠـﺎﻝ اﻟﺸـﻌر واﻟﻘﺼـﺔ اﻟرواﺌﻴـﺔ إﻻ أﻨﻬـﺎ وﻗﻔـت ﺤـﺎﺌرة
أﻤــﺎم ﺨطــورة اﻟﻔــن اﻟــد ارﻤﻲ ٬ ﻷن ﻫــذا اﻟﻔــن ﻻ ﻴﻘــف ﻋﻨــد ﺤــدود اﻷداة اﻟﻠﻐوﻴــﺔ اﻟﻤﻛﺘوﺒــﺔ أو
اﻟﻤﻨطوﻗـﺔ ٕواﻨﻤـﺎ ﻴﺘﻌـدى ذﻟـك إﻟـﻰ أدوات ﺘﺘﺠـﺎوز اﻟﻤـﻨﻬﺞ اﻷﻟﺴـﻨﻲ اﻟﻤﺤـض ﻟـذا ﻛـﺎن ﻻﺒـد ﻤـن
إﻴﺠـﺎد ﻤـﻨﻬﺞ ﻗـﺎدر ﻋﻠـﻰ اﻤـﺘﻼك ﻫـذﻩ اﻷدوات ﻏﻴـر اﻷﻟﺴـﻨﻴﺔ ﻓـﻲ اﻟـﻨص اﻷدﺒـﻲ اﻟﻤﺴـرﺤﻲ ٬
ﻤـﻨﻬﺞ ﻴﺘﻌﺎﻤـﻝ ﻤـﻊ اﻟﻌﻼﻤـﺎت ﻛﻠﻐـﺎت ﻟﻬـﺎ ﻨﻔـس اﻟﻘﻴﻤـﺔ اﻟﺠﻤﺎﻟﻴـﺔ أو اﻻﻴدﻴوﻟوﺠﻴـﺔ إﻟـﻰ اﻟﻠﻐـﺔ

اﻟﻤﻛﺘوﺒﺔ أو اﻟﻤﻨطوﻗﺔ.