bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pengaruh Manajemen Laba, Rasio Keuangan Dan Mekanisme Corporate Governance Terhadap Peringkat Obligasi
Authors: Munadjat Baliyah , Iis Noviyanti  
Published: April 2024

Peringkat obligasi yang diterbitkan oleh lembaga pemeringkat membantu investor dalam memilih obligasi. Peringkat obligasi sangat berguna bagi investor dan emiten memberikan informasi mengenai kemampuan perusahaan untuk membayar kembali obligasi yang diterbitkan. Hal ini jelas dari surat utang yang diterbitkan mengirimkan sinyal kepada investor tentang kualitas dan risiko obligasi. Proses pemeringkatan Lembaga pemeringkat melakukan proses pemeringkatan dengan mempertimbangkan berbagai faktor seperti faktor keuangan melalui rasio keuangan dan aktivitas manajemen laba. Aktivitas manajemen laba dan mekanisme tata kelola perusahaan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk memberikan bukti empiris bahwa manajemen laba, rasio keuangan dan mekanisme tata kelola perusahaan berpengaruh terhadap peringkat obligasi. Peringkat obligasi dipengaruhi oleh mekanisme tata kelola perusahaan. Subjek penelitian ini adalah perusahaan-perusahaan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia dan PT PEFINDO pada tahun 2019-2022. Bursa Efek Indonesia dan terdaftar di PT PEFINDO pada tahun 2019-2022. Pemilihan sampel sebanyak 11 perusahaan yang memenuhi kriteria setelah 4 tahun pengamatan. yang memenuhi kriteria setelah 4 tahun pengamatan. Data yang digunakan berupa data sekunder dari laporan keuangan dan database pemeringkatan obligasi PT. PEFINDO, sedangkan analisis regresi logistik digunakan dalam analisis data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa manajemen laba, rasio likuiditas, kepemilikan manajemen, dan kualitas audit berpengaruh terhadap peringkat obligasi. Sebaliknya, faktor aktivitas, indeks nilai pasar, kepemilikan institusional dan komisaris independen tidak berpengaruh terhadap peringkat obligasi. Komisaris independen tidak memiliki pengaruh terhadap peringkat obligasi. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah dari delapan variabel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Hanya variabel yang berhubungan dengan manajemen laba, rasio likuiditas, kepemilikan manajemen dan kualitas audit yang dapat digunakan untuk mengklasifikasikan obligasi. Tanggung jawab dan kualitas audit dapat digunakan untuk memprediksi peringkat obligasi perusahaan. Disarankan agar peneliti lain melakukan hal yang sama. dapat mengganti sampel penelitian dengan bantuan perusahaan keuangan, perusahaan, menambahkan variabel tata kelola perusahaan global dan variabel manajemen serta menginterpretasikan indikator keuangan perusahaan secara akurat.
Penser la guerre contre le machiavélisme : le défi romain de Montesquieu
Authors: Henderson Fiona 
Published: April 2024

La réflexion sur la guerre de Montesquieu est amorcée dans l’ouvrage qu’il consacre à l’histoire de Rome : les Considérations sur les causes de la grandeur des Romains et de leur décadence. C’est pour le baron de la Brède un moyen de prendre position contre les arguments machiavélistes qui soutiennent les entreprises de conquêtes de son époque. Il s’agit alors de retracer la généalogie de cette prise de position depuis les thèses de Machiavel, dont Montesquieu hérite, jusqu’aux usages politiques qu’il dénonce.
Comparison of Fluorometholone 0.1% and Cyclosporine 0.05% in the Treatment of Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis
Authors: Ahmed Usman Khalid  , Umaira Liaqat  
Published: April 2024

Purpose: To compare the effectiveness of Fluorometholone 0.1% and Cyclosporine 0.05% in the treatment of vernal keratoconjunctivitis.
Study Design: Quasi experimental study.
Place and Duration of Study: Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar from December 2020 to June 2021.
Methods: This study includes 104 patients divided into 2 groups. Patients in Group A were given topical Fluorometholone 0.1% while group B were given topical Cyclosporine 0.05%. Signs and symptoms were graded from scale 0-10 at the start of treatment and then at day 7,14 and 30. Drug was considered effective if the final score was equal to or less than 3 at day 30.
Results: Mean age of the patients was 9.96±2.722 years in group A and 10.02±2.790years in group B. Mean baseline score was 6.90±0.721 in group A and 5.87±0.768in group B. In group A, 45 (86.5%) patients showed effectiveness while in group B, 36 (69.2%) patients showed effective results. Fluorometholone gave superior results as compared to Cyclosporine in patients with severe disease i.e., baseline score ≥ 6.Systemic allergic associations were noted in44.2% patients in group A and 36.5% patients in group B.
Conclusion: These findings suggest that Fluorometholone may be a preferable treatment option for vernal keratoconjunctivitis, particularly in cases of more severe disease. However, considerations regarding systemic allergic associations should also be taken into account when making treatment decisions.
Immediate Effect of Intravitreal Bevacizumab Injection on Intraocular Pressure
Authors: Kanwal Zareen Abbasi  , Ameera Jameel  , Wajeeha Rasool  , Bilal Humayun Mirza  , Misbah Munshi  
Published: April 2024

Purpose: Raised intra ocular pressure following intravitreal Bevacizumabis a potential side effect which can be clinically significant. The aim of the study was to evaluate short term changes in intraocular pressure after intravitreal Bevacizumab injection.
Study Design: Quasi experimental study.
Place and Duration of Study: Benazir Bhutto Hospital, Rawalpindi from January 2021 to July 2021.
Methods: This study includes 88 eyes of 88 patients who received intravitreal Bevacizumab injection. Both females and males between the ages of 10 and 80 years, with any indication for intravitreal Bevacizumab, were included. Intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured before injection, immediately after injection at 0 minutes, at 30 minutes and at 60 minutes. Paired t test was used to compare post injection changes in IOP from baseline.
Results: All except one eye recoded increase in IOP immediately after injection. It returned to normal range in35 (39.8%) eyes at 30 minutes and at 60 minutes 78 (88.6%) eyes had normal IOP. Highest mean IOP was recorded immediately after injection which was 30.89+5.648and that reduced to 23.08+4.516 at 30 minutes and 18.14+2.623 at 60 minutes. Paired t test showed that the changes were significantly higher from baseline 13.30+2.78 at these intervals after injection.
Conclusion: An increase in intraocular pressure after intravitreal Bevacizumab injection is a frequent occurrence; however, for the majority of patients, it is transient and returns to normal levels within one hour.
Correlation of Dysfunctional Lens Index with Lens Opacification System III in Age Related Cataract
Authors: Muzammil Zoomar , Sharif Hashmani  , Nauman Hashmani  , Javeria Saleem  , Aiman Monis  
Published: April 2024

Purpose: Age-Related changes in crystalline lens opacity and lens density contribute to formation of higher order aberrations resulting in reduced quality of vision. Precise quantification of cataract is important for predicting phacodynamics and educating patient. The iTrace(a ray-tracing aberrometer) provides Dysfunctional Lens Index (DLI). This study from Pakistan investigates the relationship between LOCS III and DLI in senile cataract.
Study Design: Correlational study.
Place and Duration of Study: Hashmanis Hospital, Karachi from March 2021 to May 2021.
Methods: This study included 44 patients with age-related cataract. Demographic characteristics and complete ophthalmic examination of eyes including Best Corrected Visual Acuity (BCVA) and slit lamp biomicroscopy were performed. Age related cataracts were graded using the Standard technique of LOCS III. I-Trace was utilized for wave front analysis to calculate DLI.
Results: BCVA and LOCS III nuclear opalescence score had strongest positive linear correlation (r=0.433, P<0.01). DLI displayed a strong significant negative correlation to LOCS III Cortical Cataract (C) and LOCS III Posterior Sub-Capsular Cataract (P) score (r=-0.415 and r=-0.694; respectively).
Conclusion: BCVA had insignificant and small to no correlation to LOCS III C score and P score. Whereas, DLI showed the strongest significant correlation to LOCS III C score and P score. Patient's optical quality determined by visual symptoms are more closely associated to DLI parameter as compared to LOCS III classification. DLI can provide a better objective way to elevate age related cataract, monitor the progression and determine phacodynamics.
Comparison between Two Doses of Suprachoroidal Triamcinolone Acetonide among Cases of Resistant Diabetic Macular Edema
Authors: Muhammad Zunair  Aziz  , Kazi Umar , Ali Zia  , Nasir Memon  , Abdul Qadeem  
Published: April 2024

Purpose: To compare the effectiveness and safety of two doses of supra-choroidal Triamcinolone Acetonide (TA)in patients of resistant diabetic macular edema.
Study Design: Quasi experimental study.
Place and Duration of Study: Al-Ibrahim Eye Hospital, Karachi, from April 2023 to September 2023.
Methods: Thirty-two cases of resistant diabetic macular edema were selected using a convenient sampling technique and divided into two groups. Group A received a single suprachoroidal injection of TA at a concentration of 2 mg/0.1 ml, while Group B received the same drug via the same route at a concentration of 4 mg/0.1 ml. All cases were monitored for any serious adverse effects the following day. Follow-up checkups were conducted for all cases at 1, 3, and 6 months.
Results: Mean age of patients for group A and B was 56.24±1.2and 56.33±2.6years respectively. Both the groups were equivalent in all ophthalmological measurements best corrected visual acuity, central macular thickness and intraocular pressure (BCVA, CMT, IOP) at baseline checkups. At 6thmonth follow up, both groups showed improved BCVA and decreased CMT compared to baseline, but group B had a significant increase in IOP (p = 0.001). Additionally, cataract progression was slower in group A.
Conclusion: Both doses of suprachoroidal TA are equally effective in cases of resistant diabetic macular edema in terms of improved BCVA and reduced CMT. However, the lower dose (2mg/0.1 ml) showed advantages in terms of fewer complications, specifically less likelihood of raised intraocular pressure and cataract formation.
Impact of COVID-19 on Management and Outcomes of Oncology Patients: Results of MENA COVID-19 and Cancer Registry (MCCR)
Authors: Jazieh Abdul-Rahman , Bounedjar Adda , Abdel-Razeq Hikmat , Berna Koksoy Elif , Ansari Jawaher , Tfayli Arafat H. , Tashkandi Emad M. , Jastaniah Wasil A. , Alorabi Mohamed Osama , Darwish Amira D. , Rabea Ahmed Magdy , Al Olayan Ashwaq , Ibnshamsah Fahad , Errihani Hassan , AlKaiyat Mohammad Omar , Hussain Fazal , Alkattan Khaled , Bruinooge Suanna Steeby , Garrett-Mayer Elizabeth , Tamim Hani 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Despite extensive studies of the impact of COVID-19 on patients with cancer, there is a dearth of information from the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. Our study aimed to report pertinent MENA COVID-19 and Cancer Registry (MCCR) findings on patient management and outcomes.

Methods
MCCR was adapted from the American Society of Clinical Oncology COVID-19 Registry to collect data specifically from patients with cancer and SARS-CoV-2 infection from 12 centers in eight countries including Saudi Arabia, Jordan, Lebanon, Turkey, Egypt, Algeria, United Arab Emirates, and Morocco. The Registry included data on patients and disease characteristics, treatment, and patient outcomes. Logistic regression was used to assess associations with mortality.

Results
Between November 29, 2020, and June 8, 2021, data were captured on 2008 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 from the beginning of the pandemic. Median age was 56 years (16–98), 56.4% were females, and 26% were current or ex-smokers. Breast cancer (28.5%) was the leading diagnosis and 50.5% had metastatic disease. Delays of planned treatment (&gt;14 days) occurred in 80.3% for surgery, 48.8% for radiation therapy, and 32.9% for systemic therapy. Significant reduction in the delays of all three treatment modalities occurred after June 1, 2020. All-cause mortality rates at 30 and 90 days were 17.1% and 23.4%, respectively. All-cause mortality rates at 30 days did not change significantly after June 1, 2020; however, 90-day mortality increased from 33.4% to 42.9% before and after that date (p = 0.015). Multivariable regression analysis showed the following predictors of higher 30- and 90-day mortality: age older than 70 years, having metastatic disease, disease progression, and being off chemotherapy.

Conclusion
Patients with cancer in the MENA region experienced similar risks and outcome of COVID-19 as reported in other populations. Although there were fewer treatment delays after June 1, 2020, 90-day mortality increased, which may be attributed to other risk factors such as disease progression or new patients who presented with more advanced disease.
Hinge normativity
Authors: Gómez Modesto Manuel 
Published: April 2024

The main purpose of this article is to anchor the basic principles of judgmental performances into reality, and thus, to capture the vertical axis of cognition. To this end, it is argued that the normative force of explicit, discursive self-knowledge is neither merely grounded in dialectical inescapability nor in default assumptions. The goal is to argue that the ultimate überhinge is so perfectly known that the questions of justification, truth-value and empirical cognoscibility lose any sense in regards to it. Hinge normativity, which can be reduced neither to epistemic (telic) normativity nor to practical normativity, emerges from this view. The shortcomings of neo-Kantian views of the sources of normativity in gnoseology are exposed and analysed.
Growth differentiation factor-15 serum concentrations reflect disease severity and anemia in patients with inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Tonkic Ante , Kumric Marko , Akrapovic Olic Ivna , Rusic Doris , Zivkovic Piero Marin , Supe Domic Daniela , Sundov Zeljko , Males Ivan , Bozic Josko 
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND
Population of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is burdened by various extraintestinal manifestations which substantially contribute to greater morbidity and mortality. Growth-differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) is often over-expressed under stress conditions, such as inflammation, malignancies, heart failure, myocardial ischemia, and many others.
AIM
To explore the association between GDF-15 and IBD as serum concentrations of GDF-15 were shown to be an independent predictor of poor outcomes in multiple diseases. An additional aim was to determine possible associations between GDF-15 and multiple clinical, anthropometric and laboratory parameters in patients with IBD.
METHODS
This cross-sectional study included 90 adult patients diagnosed with IBD, encompassing both Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), and 67 healthy age- and sex-matched controls. All patients underwent an extensive workup, including colonoscopy with subsequent histopathological analysis. Disease activity was assessed by two independent gastroenterology consultants specialized in IBD, employing well-established clinical and endoscopic scoring systems. GDF-15 serum concentrations were determined following an overnight fasting, using electrochemiluminescence immunoassay.
RESULTS
In patients with IBD, serum GDF-15 concentrations were significantly higher in comparison to the healthy controls [800 (512-1154) pg/mL vs 412 (407-424) pg/mL, P < 0.001], whereas no difference in GDF-15 was found between patients with CD and UC [807 (554-1451) pg/mL vs 790 (509-956) pg/mL, P = 0.324]. Moreover, multiple linear regression analysis showed that GDF-15 levels predict CD and UC severity independent of age, sex, and C-reactive protein levels (P = 0.016 and P = 0.049, respectively). Finally, an association between GDF-15 and indices of anemia was established. Specifically, negative correlations were found between GDF-15 and serum iron levels (r = -0.248, P = 0.021), as well as GDF-15 and hemoglobin (r = -0.351, P = 0.021). Accordingly, in comparison to IBD patients with normal hemoglobin levels, GDF-15 serum levels were higher in patients with anemia (1256 (502-2100) pg/mL vs 444 (412-795) pg/mL, P < 0.001).
CONCLUSION
For the first time, we demonstrated that serum concentrations of GDF-15 are elevated in patients with IBD in comparison to healthy controls, and the results imply that GDF-15 might be involved in IBD pathophysiology. Yet, it remains elusive whether GDF-15 could serve as a prognostic indicator in these patients.
THE PROCEDURE FOR THE USE OF UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES TO CONDUCT RECONNAISSANCE ON THE GROUND IN WARTIME CONDITIONS
Authors: Boliubash O. , Ponomarov A. , Shulezhko V. , Shulezhko A. 
Published: April 2024

The article reveals the peculiarities of using unmanned aerial vehicles for reconnaissance in the field in wartime.
The article reveals the essence and content of the use of unmanned aerial vehicles for reconnaissance, as well as the conditions and features of their effective use.
Study of the possibilities of using unmanned to conduct reconnaissance on the ground in wartime conditions has shown that this technology has great potential to improve operational intelligence and ensuring the safety of military personnel. The advantages of using unmanned aerial vehicles for reconnaissance are obvious. They can quickly and efficiently penetrate enemy territory, collect information territory, collect information and transmit it in real time. This makes it possible to Reduce the risk to the lives of servicemen, as they do not need to go to the front line the front line to conduct reconnaissance. In addition, unmanned aerial vehicles can operate in hazardous environments, such as radioactive contamination or chemicals where humans cannot enter. The use of unmanned aerial vehicles also ensures greater accuracy and objectivity in collecting information. They are equipped with various types of sensors, such as high-resolution cameras, thermal cameras, radars, etc., which provide detailed information about the territory, enemy positions and movements. This significantly improves the quality of intelligence and allows for more informed decisions on further actions.
In summary, research has shown that the use of unmanned aerial vehicles for reconnaissance in wartime has significant potential. They can collect information quickly, efficiently and safely, improving operational intelligence and ensuring the safety of soldiers. However, further research and development of new technologies is needed to improve the functionality and safety of unmanned aerial vehicles in warfare.
ANALYSIS OF THE CHARACTERISTICS AND CAPABILITIES OF MODERN VIBRATION AND STRAIN GAUGES OF MODERN MEASURING EQUIPMENT
Authors: Huzii Ye. , Arkushenko P. , Andrushko М. , Sadaiev A. 
Published: April 2024

The article analyses the characteristics and capabilities of modern vibration and strain gauges, as well as the existing requirements for vibration measurement devices for wheeled armoured vehicles. The main physical parameters for assessing the strength and vibration characteristics of wheeled armoured vehicles to be measured are determined. Modern accelerometers for measuring vibration have better universal characteristics compared to other types of sensors, as well as a wide frequency and dynamic linearity range. The use of piezoelectric, strain gauge, magnetic induction and laser measuring equipment will allow to obtain physical values of vibration parameters and the stress-strain state of wheeled armoured vehicles and, using data acquisition systems and software, to analyse deviations of limit values in the design and components of the vehicle.
Improvement of the methodological apparatus for experimental studies of strength and vibration characteristics during testing of wheeled armoured vehicles will improve the quality and simplify the measurement process, which in turn will significantly reduce the time for testing prototypes and ensure timely delivery of weapons and military equipment (components) to the Armed Forces of Ukraine. The use of modern vibration and strain gauges to assess the strength and vibration characteristics of structures and their components will simplify and automate the measurement process, minimising possible errors during testing of armoured vehicles. The results of the work can be used for a rational and justified selection of vibration and strain gauges for testing wheeled armoured vehicles.
RESULTS OF THE EXPERIMENT USING NAVIGATIONAL ANTENNAS WITH CONTROLLED RECEPTION PATTERN ANTENNA FOR UAVS IN AREAS OF ACTIVE SUPPRESSION BY ELECTRONIC WARFARE MEANS
Authors: Los A. , Zhyrna O. 
Published: April 2024

The article describes the trends in development, tactics, composition, and construction of Russia's electronic warfare means, as well as the primary objectives of interference. It describes methods effectively employed on the battlefield to reduce the impact of enemy EW assets on the navigation data quality of UAVs (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles). The general concept of using CRPA (Controlled Reception Pattern Antenna) for military users' navigation is outlined.
Experiments were conducted to assess the influence of EW means on one of the most popular CRPAs with four antenna elements in real conditions of active combat. Flights were carried out simultaneously by two UAVs, the first equipped with CRPA and the second integrated with a standard GNSS receiver. The flights were conducted under identical conditions, simultaneously conducting reconnaissance of the same targets. Data on the average height loss of navigation signal reception for UAVs were obtained.
According to the experiment results, the integration of CRPA with four antenna elements can be effective for strike UAVs with weapon release systems that require precise positioning for target engagement, provided that the flight altitude of such UAVs does not exceed 150-250 meters in areas with minimal enemy EW interference. Otherwise, it is recommended to use CRPA with 8 or more elements or explore other promising technologies.
Recommendations for integrating the aforementioned antennas are developed, and the accompanying issues associated with their application are discussed. The article also outlines options for expanding CRPA integration capabilities and ways to upgrade their software and hardware components.