bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PMF-CNN: parallel multi-band fusion convolutional neural network for SSVEP-EEG decoding
Authors: Yang Jianli , Zhao Songlei , Fu Zhiyu , Liu Xiuling 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP) is a key technique of electroencephalography (EEG)-based brain-computer interfaces (BCI), which has been widely applied to neurological function assessment and postoperative rehabilitation. However, accurate decoding of the user’s intended based on the SSVEP-EEG signals is challenging due to the low signal-to-noise ratio and large individual variability of the signals. To address these issues, we proposed a parallel multi-band fusion convolutional neural network (PMF-CNN). Multi frequency band signals were served as the input of PMF-CNN to fully utilize the time-frequency information of EEG. Three parallel modules, spatial self-attention (SAM), temporal self-attention (TAM), and squeeze-excitation (SEM), were proposed to automatically extract multi-dimensional features from spatial, temporal, and frequency domains, respectively. A novel spatial-temporal-frequency representation were designed to capture the correlation of electrode channels, time intervals, and different sub-harmonics by using SAM, TAM, and SEM, respectively. The three parallel modules operate independently and simultaneously. A four layers CNN classification module was designed to fuse parallel multi-dimensional features and achieve the accurate classification of SSVEP-EEG signals. The PMF-CNN was further interpreted by using brain functional connectivity analysis. The proposed method was validated using two large publicly available datasets. After trained using our proposed dual-stage training pattern, the classification accuracies were 99.37% and 93.96%, respectively, which are superior to the current state-of-the-art SSVEP-EEG classification algorithms. The algorithm exhibits high classification accuracy and good robustness, which has the potential to be applied to postoperative rehabilitation.
Gaussian-process-regression-based method for the localization of exceptional points in complex resonance spectra
Authors: Egenlauf Patrick , Rommel Patric , Main Jörg 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Resonances in open quantum systems depending on at least two controllable parameters can show the phenomenon of exceptional points (EPs), where not only the eigenvalues but also the eigenvectors of two or more resonances coalesce. Their exact localization in the parameter space is challenging, in particular in systems, where the computation of the quantum spectra and resonances is numerically very expensive. We introduce an efficient machine learning algorithm to find EPs based on Gaussian process regression (GPR). The GPR-model is trained with an initial set of eigenvalue pairs belonging to an EP and used for a first estimation of the EP position via a numerically cheap root search. The estimate is then improved iteratively by adding selected exact eigenvalue pairs as training points to the GPR-model. The GPR-based method is developed and tested on a simple low-dimensional matrix model and then applied to a challenging real physical system, viz., the localization of EPs in the resonance spectra of excitons in cuprous oxide in external electric and magnetic fields. The precise computation of EPs, by taking into account the complete valence band structure and central-cell corrections of the crystal, can be the basis for the experimental observation of EPs in this system.
Freedom and Equality
Authors: Chambers Clare 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Freedom & Equality is a collection of essays investigating the contours of feminist liberalism: a liberalism that prioritises equality and individual autonomy, while offering a rigorous critique of using individuals’ choices as the measure of justice. From beauty norms to the gendered division of labour, from marriage to religion, women and men choose to arrange their lives in ways that perpetuate inequality. Often, these choices are made in response to social norms, including unjust, unequal, or harmful norms. It follows that relying on individual choice as a measure of justice actually leaves unjust social structures intact. Any defender of autonomy and equality must be prepared to criticise individuals’ choices while prioritising individual choosers. The essays in this collection cover a wide range of issues fundamental to liberalism, to feminism, and to their intersection. They explore the foundational philosophical concepts of choice, equality of opportunity, ideology, and the state. And they engage directly with key political controversies, including women’s sport, the state recognition of gender, the regulation of cosmetic and cultural surgeries, and state action to secure equality in the family. Freedom & Equality shows that feminist liberalism is both possible and necessary. It is possible because the two doctrines of feminism and liberalism are compatible, their fundamental values of freedom and equality aligned. But feminism is necessary because liberalism has shown that it is simply not up to the task of securing gender equality and women’s liberation alone.
Feminism
Authors: Chambers Clare 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This chapter goes deeper into the question of what feminism is, viewed as a political ideology. While it is in some ways misleading to think of feminism as an ideology, rather than as a reaction against the dominant ideology of patriarchy, nevertheless some key themes can be identified. Feminism, the chapter argues, stands against what Chambers calls ‘the fetishism of choice’ and ‘the prison of biology’; it stands for three theses of feminism: ‘the entrenchment of gender’, ‘the existence of patriarchy’, and ‘the need for change’. These three theses admit of a great deal of variety within feminist thought; nonetheless, they offer a coherent whole.
Feminism on Liberalism
Authors: Chambers Clare 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This chapter considers what liberalism is, from the perspective of feminism. The chapter starts by considering the multiple feminist critiques of liberal theory. Liberalism, according to these critiques, is too universalist and abstract, failing to understand the significance of power and the private sphere. The chapter then moves to those who see the possibility of a productive partnership between liberalism and feminism, whether in philosophy or in activism. For some that partnership is forged by a liberal feminism or ‘choice feminism’ that centres women’s choices, whatever they may be; others endorse a more critical feminist liberalism. It is this latter option, a feminist liberalism, that holds the most potential.
Respect, Religion, and Feminism
Authors: Chambers Clare 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This chapter considers whether political liberalism, specifically, can be used for feminist ends. There is significant disagreement among feminists and liberals about the compatibility between their two doctrines. Political liberalism is vulnerable to particular criticism from feminists, who argue that its restricted form of equality is insufficient. In contrast, Lori Watson and Christie Hartley argue that political liberalism can and must be feminist. This chapter raises three areas of disagreement with Watson and Hartley’s incisive account of feminist political liberalism. First, the chapter argues that an appeal to a comprehensive doctrine can be compatible with respecting others, if that appeal is to the value of equality. Second, the chapter takes issue with Watson and Hartley’s defence of religious exemptions to equality law. Third, the chapter argues that political liberalism can be compatible with feminism, but that it is not itself adequately feminist. The chapter concludes that political liberalism is not enough for feminists.
Each Outcome Is Another Opportunity
Authors: Chambers Clare 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This chapter considers those forms of equal opportunity that go beyond mere non-discrimination, and argues that each of them face a choice. They can employ what Clare Chambers calls a ‘Moment of Equal Opportunity’, dividing a person’s life around a key Moment at which opportunities are equalised and after which they are not. The problem with this option is that the injustice of unequal opportunities persists throughout life, meaning that equality of opportunity becomes an arbitrarily temporary state. But if a Moment of Equality of Opportunity is not used, and equality of opportunity is ensured throughout life, serious inefficiencies and bad decisions ensue. To put it simply, the chapter argues that a theory of equality of opportunity is unjustified if it uses a Moment of Equal Opportunity, and unworkable if it does not.
The Decline and Fall of the Fascist Empire
Authors: Agbamu Samuel 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This chapter considers the changes in Fascist imperial romanità in the late 1930s, during the Second World War, and in the immediate aftermath of Italy’s defeat and the loss of its African colonies. The memory of ancient Rome began to be more aggressively co-opted by racist ideologies. In particular, the Punic Wars were forcefully represented as a clash between the Aryan Roman empire and the ‘Semitic’ Carthage. This chapter takes a number of articles from the racist journal La Difesa della Razza as case studies, and looks at how Italy represented itself as a new Roman empire in exhibitions planned for the 1940s. With the outbreak of the Second World War, the conflict was seen by some Fascist Italian idealogues as a Fourth Punic War. The chapter concludes by looking at how proponents of empire made sense of Italy’s defeat, with reference to Rome’s empire in Africa.
Contrasting Objective and Perceived Risk: Predicting COVID-19 Health Behaviors in a Nationally Representative U.S. Sample
Authors: Thompson Rebecca R , Jones Nickolas M , Garfin Dana Rose , Holman E Alison , Silver Roxane Cohen 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
Individuals confronting health threats may display an optimistic bias such that judgments of their risk for illness or death are unrealistically positive given their objective circumstances.

Purpose
We explored optimistic bias for health risks using k-means clustering in the context of COVID-19. We identified risk profiles using subjective and objective indicators of severity and susceptibility risk for COVID-19.

Methods
Between 3/18/2020-4/18/2020, a national probability sample of 6,514 U.S. residents reported both their subjective risk perceptions (e.g., perceived likelihood of illness or death) and objective risk indices (e.g., age, weight, pre-existing conditions) of COVID-19-related susceptibility and severity, alongside other pandemic-related experiences. Six months later, a subsample (N = 5,661) completed a follow-up survey with questions about their frequency of engagement in recommended health protective behaviors (social distancing, mask wearing, risk behaviors, vaccination intentions).

Results
The k-means clustering procedure identified five risk profiles in the Wave 1 sample; two of these demonstrated aspects of optimistic bias, representing almost 44% of the sample. In OLS regression models predicting health protective behavior adoption at Wave 2, clusters representing individuals with high perceived severity risk were most likely to report engagement in social distancing, but many individuals who were objectively at high risk for illness and death did not report engaging in self-protective behaviors.

Conclusions
Objective risk of disease severity only inconsistently predicted health protective behavior. Risk profiles may help identify groups that need more targeted interventions to increase their support for public health policy and health enhancing recommendations more broadly.
Development and Validation of a Vocabulary Measure in the Mobile Toolbox
Authors: Young Stephanie Ruth , Dworak Elizabeth M , Kaat Aaron J , Adam Hubert , Novack Miriam A , Slotkin Jerry , Stoeger Jordan , Nowinski Cindy J , Hosseinian Zahra , Amagai Saki , Pila Sarah , Diaz Maria Varela , Correa Anyelo Almonte , Alperin Keith , Omberg Larsson , Kellen Michael , Camacho Monica R , Landavazo Bernard , Nosheny Rachel L , Weiner Michael W , Gershon Richard M 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Objective
We describe the development of a new computer adaptive vocabulary test, Mobile Toolbox (MTB) Word Meaning, and validity evidence from 3 studies.

Method
Word Meaning was designed to be a multiple-choice synonym test optimized for self-administration on a personal smartphone. The items were first calibrated online in a sample of 7,525 participants to create the computer-adaptive test algorithm for the Word Meaning measure within the MTB app. In Study 1, 92 participants self-administered Word Meaning on study-provided smartphones in the lab and were administered external measures by trained examiners. In Study 2, 1,021 participants completed the external measures in the lab and Word Meaning was self-administered remotely on their personal smartphones. In Study 3, 141 participants self-administered Word Meaning remotely twice with a 2-week delay on personal iPhones.

Results
The final bank included 1363 items. Internal consistency was adequate to good across samples (ρxx = 0.78 to 0.81, p &lt; .001). Test–retest reliability was good (ICC = 0.65, p &lt; .001), and the mean theta score was not significantly different upon the second administration. Correlations were moderate to large with measures of similar constructs (ρ = 0.67–0.75, p &lt; .001) and non-significant with measures of dissimilar constructs. Scores demonstrated small to moderate correlations with age (ρ = 0.35 to 0.45, p &lt; .001) and education (ρ = 0.26, p &lt; .001).

Conclusion
The MTB Word Meaning measure demonstrated evidence of reliability and validity in three samples. Further validation studies in clinical samples are necessary.
Association between cumulative metabolic risk exposure and cardiovascular disease: a nationwide cohort of over 3.6 million young adults
Authors: Lee Heesun , Rhee Tae-Min , Park Hyo Eun , Han Kyungdo , Choi Su-Yeon 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Aims
As lifetime accumulation of cardiovascular risk factors is gaining importance, early identification and management of risk factors are being emphasized. The global prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS), a constellation of these risk factors, is increasing, particularly among young adults. In this study, we aim to investigate the association between cumulative exposure to metabolic risk and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in young adults.

Methods and results
In this nationwide population-based cohort, we analysed 3 688 787 young adults (&lt;40 years) with 2 biennial National Health Screening examinations from 2009 to 2012. Participants were categorized into MetS-free, MetS-developed, MetS-recovered, or MetS-persistent group, based on MetS presence at each examination. The endpoint was new CVD development, including myocardial infarction (MI) and ischaemic stroke. During follow-up (median, 7.7 years), CVD occurred in 19 219 individuals (0.5%). The incidence rates of CVD were 0.58, 1.17, 1.20, and 1.83 (1000 person-years) in the MetS-free, MetS-developed, MetS-recovered, and MetS-persistent groups, respectively. The CVD risk was proportionally associated with cumulative metabolic risk exposure, with a maximum two-fold increase in the MetS-persistent group [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 1.94, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.84–2.04], followed by the MetS-recovered and the MetS-developed groups with similar risks. Among the MetS components, persistent exposure to elevated blood pressure (BP) had the greatest association with CVD risk (aHR 1.69, 95% CI 1.63–1.76). This tendency was consistent in the separate analyses of the risk of MI and ischaemic stroke.

Conclusion
The risk of CVD increased in an exposure-dependent manner among young adults. Efforts to optimize the cardiometabolic profile, particularly BP, even after the establishment of MetS, might help promote long-term cardiovascular prognosis.
Genome-Wide Search Links Senescence-Associated Secretory Proteins With Susceptibility for Coronary Artery Disease in Mouse and Human
Authors: Zhu Yuan-Zheng , Liu Jian-Kun , Li Xue-Er , Yu Zhen-Ping , Yang Lu-Qin , Wan Qin , Zhao Ya , Saeed Muhammad , Wu An-Dong , Tian Xiao-Li 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Advanced age is an independent risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD), the leading global cause of mortality. Senescent vascular cells in the atherosclerotic plaques exhibit senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). How SASP contributes to atherosclerosis and CAD, however, remains unclear. Here, we integrated RNA-array datasets of senescent human coronary arterial endothelial cells (HCAECs) and aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs) as well as genome-wide association data for CAD. We identified 26 genes from HCAECs and 6 genes from HASMCs related to SASP and CAD in both in-house and published datasets. Of which, Cystatin C (CST3), a CAD susceptibility gene, was found to be expressed in both HCAECs and HASMCs, thus, it was prioritized for further investigation. We demonstrated it was significantly elevated in senescent vascular cells, aged arteries, and early atherosclerosis. In vitro experiments showed that CST3 enhances the monocyte–endothelial cell adhesion. Additionally, ligand–receptor pairing analyses revealed two important pathways, COL4A1-ITGA1 and LPL-LRP1 pathways, linked to the critical processes in the development of atherosclerosis, including cell adhesion, inflammation response, extracellular matrix organization, and lipid metabolism. We further demonstrated a reduced monocyte–endothelial cell adhesion following the knockdown of COL4A1 or ITGA1 and a significantly increased expression of COL4A1, ITGA1, and LPL in arterial intima of aged mice and ApoE−/− mice. Our findings demonstrate that vascular cell-derived SASP proteins increase the CAD susceptibility and identify CST3 functionally contributing to atherosclerosis.
On the necessity of the inf-sup condition for a mixed finite element formulation
Authors: Bertrand Fleurianne , Boffi Daniele 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
We study a nonstandard mixed formulation of the Poisson problem, sometimes known as dual mixed formulation. For reasons related to the equilibration of the flux, we use finite elements that are conforming in $\textbf{H}(\operatorname{\textrm{div}};\varOmega )$ for the approximation of the gradients, even if the formulation would allow for discontinuous finite elements. The scheme is not uniformly inf-sup stable, but we can show existence and uniqueness of the solution, as well as optimal error estimates for the gradient variable when suitable regularity assumptions are made. Several additional remarks complete the paper, shedding some light on the sources of instability for mixed formulations.
Trilemma Tradeoffs in International Relations: An Analytical Framework
Authors: Lewis Olivier 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Over the past fifty years, scholars have drawn attention to the consequences of trying to overcome openness/effectiveness/autonomy trilemmas, especially in monetary policy and trade policy. Despite this, few have noticed the ubiquity of such policy trilemmas in international relations. This article presents a comprehensive analytical framework that captures the core concepts and causal mechanisms relevant to understanding these trilemmas, and identifies opportunities for future research. The first section provides an analytical review of openness/effectiveness/autonomy trilemmas. By doing so, it highlights three features of trilemmas: that goal attainment is a question of degree, that goal attainment varies across time, and that policy constraints affect states asymmetrically. The second section presents a typology of trilemma-based policy goals (openness, regulatory effectiveness, and policymaking autonomy) and associated “disciplining” mechanisms that explain the likelihood of trilemma tradeoffs (i.e., market-based, politics-based, and law-based mechanisms). The third section shows how the trilemma framework presented in this article can facilitate the empirical study of threefold policy tradeoffs in all aspects of international relations, including security and defense.
Structure-specific DNA endonuclease T7 endonuclease I cleaves DNA containing UV-induced DNA lesions
Authors: Matsubara Kazuki , Ueda Shouta , Yamamoto Junpei , Iwai Shigenori , Shioi Narumi Aoki , Takedachi Arato , Kuraoka Isao 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The T7 gene 3 product, T7 endonuclease I, acts on various substrates with DNA structures, including Holliday junctions, heteroduplex DNAs and single-mismatch DNAs. Genetic analyses have suggested the occurrence of DNA recombination, replication and repair in Escherichia coli. In this study, T7 endonuclease I digested UV-irradiated covalently closed circular plasmid DNA into linear and nicked plasmid DNA, suggesting that the enzyme generates single- and double-strand breaks (SSB and DSB). To further investigate the biochemical functions of T7 endonuclease I, we have analysed endonuclease activity in UV-induced DNA substrates containing a single lesion, cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPD) and 6–4 photoproducts (6–4PP). Interestingly, the leading cleavage site for CPD by T7 endonuclease I is at the second and fifth phosphodiester bonds that are 5′ to the lesion of CPD on the lesion strand. However, in the case of 6–4PP, the cleavage pattern on the lesion strand resembled that of CPD, and T7 endonuclease I could also cleave the second phosphodiester bond that is 5′ to the adenine–adenine residues opposite the lesion, indicating that the enzyme produces DSB in DNA containing 6–4PP. These findings suggest that T7endonuclease I accomplished successful UV damage repair by SSB in CPD and DSB in 6–4PP.
Temptation and Commitment: a Model of Hand-to-Mouth Behavior
Authors: Attanasio Orazio , Kovacs Agnes , Moran Patrick 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This paper presents a model of consumption behavior that explains the presence of “wealthy hand-to-mouth” consumers using a mechanism that differs from those analyzed previously. We show that a two-asset model with temptation preferences generates a demand for commitment and thus illiquidity, leading to hand-to-mouth behavior even when liquid assets deliver higher returns than illiquid assets. This preference for illiquidity has important implications for consumption behavior and for fiscal stimulus policies. Our model matches the recent empirical evidence that Marginal Propensity to Consume remain high even for large income shocks, suggesting a larger response to targeted fiscal stimulus than previously believed.