bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antimicrobial efficacy of antiplaque agents of common toothpastes against Porphyromonas gingivalis and Streptococcus oralis: An in vitro study
Authors: Naghsh Narges , Yaghini Jaber , Narimani Tahmineh , Khodarahmi Elahe 
Published: March 2024

Background:
This study was designed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of common gum protection and antiplaque toothpastes against Porphyromonas gingivalis ( P. gingivalis ) and Streptococcus oralis ( S. oralis ) as important periodontal pathogens.

Materials and Methods:
This experimental study investigated the antimicrobial activity of 15 commonly used toothpastes from different companies on the two common types of periopathogens, S. oralis and P. gingivalis . The antimicrobial activity of toothpaste was evaluated at three concentrations of 100%, 50%, and 25% and analyzed by agar well diffusion plate method and zone of inhibition. The obtained data were compared and statistically analyzed by SPSS software using one-way ANOVA and the least significant difference post hoc tests (α = 0.05).

Results:
One-way ANOVA showed that the mean diameter of the two-bacterial zone of inhibition was significantly different at 100%, 50%, and 25% concentrations of toothpastes ( P < 0.001). In general, the mean diameter of the zone of inhibition was greater at 100% concentration than the other two concentrations in all toothpastes. The highest zone of inhibition of the S. oralis was in the toothpastes containing tin. Further, the highest zone of inhibition of P. gingivalis was found in the triclosan-containing toothpastes.

Conclusion:
Toothpastes containing triclosan had the most antimicrobial activity against P. gingivalis . Moreover, toothpastes containing tin compounds had the most antimicrobial effect against S. oralis .
Ethics of artificial intelligence in medicine
Authors: Savulescu Julian , Giubilini Alberto , Vandersluis Robert , Mishra Abhishek 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This article reviews the main ethical issues that arise from the use of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies in medicine. Issues around trust, responsibility, risks of discrimination, privacy, autonomy, and potential benefits and harms are assessed. For better or worse, AI is a promising technology that can revolutionise healthcare delivery. It is up to us to make AI a tool for the good by ensuring that ethical oversight accompanies the design, development and implementation of AI technology in clinical practice.
Exercise under hypoxia on glucose tolerance in type 2 diabetes mellitus risk individuals: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Rakhmawati Hafizah Sururul Nur , Wungu Citrawati Dyah Kencono , Purwanto Bambang , Andarianto Andre 
Published: March 2024

Objectives:
To analyze the impact of exercise under hypoxic exposure versus normoxic exposure on blood glucose level, insulin level, and insulin sensitivity in people at risk of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Materials and Methods:
We systematically performed electronic searching on PubMed, Web of Science, ProQuest, and Scopus. Primary studies that met the inclusion criteria were analyzed using Revman 5.4.1.

Results:
Nine randomized controlled trials were included in this meta-analysis. We found that physical exercise under hypoxic exposure had no significant effect on improving blood glucose levels, insulin levels, and insulin sensitivity in the elderly and sedentary people compared to normoxic condition. However, physical exercise during hypoxic exposure had a significant effect on lowering blood glucose levels in overweight/obese individuals (pooled Standardized Mean Difference = 0.29; 95% confidence interval = 0.01–0.57; P = 0.04).

Conclusions:
Exercising under hypoxic exposure can be an alternative strategy for reducing blood glucose levels in overweight/obese people. Nevertheless, in other populations at risk of T2DM, exercising in hypoxic conditions gives similar results to normoxic conditions.
Effect of eight-week controlled dietary modification trial on nutritional biomarkers in young Indian athletes
Authors: Debnath Monalisa , Sarkar Surojit , Das Moumita , Kumar Dey Swapan , Datta Gouriprosad , Bandyopadhyay Amit 
Published: March 2024

Objective: Present study was intended to examine the effects of dietary modification on nutritional biomarkers in young Indian male athletes.
Methods: Eighty-eight footballers and hockey players were randomly segregated into ad-libitum group (ALG) and nutrition counselling group (NCG). Eight weeks of dietary modification trial was implemented on NCG, resulting in 9.5, 2.6, and 2.1 g/kgbw/day of carbohydrate, protein, and fat respectively. Rate of changes in daily nutrient intake and nutrition biomarkers were captured.
Results: NCG revealed significant increases in total serum protein (5.6%, p<0.001), haemoglobin (3.9%, p<0.001) and vitamin E (2.9%, p<0.001). They also exhibited rises in serum vitamin C (6%, p=0.004), folate (4.5%, p=0.004), ferritin (4.8%, p=0.003), calcium (4.2%, p=0.009), serum vitamins B12 (3.9%, p=0.012) and D (12.3%, p<0.001). Haemoglobin levels were positively correlated with daily protein (p<0.01), iron (p<0.05), vitamins B12 and vitamin C (p<0.05 both) intakes. Serum calcium positively correlated with daily calcium (p<0.01), phosphorus and protein (p<0.05 both) intakes. Serum zinc was positively correlated with daily protein, calcium, vitamin B9 and vitamin D intake, while serum ferritin and vitamin B12 were positively correlated with protein and iron intake. Post-intervention, NCG reported optimal blood levels of calcium, zinc, protein, Hb, ferritin, vitamins B12, C and E, whereas the folate and vitamin D values were suboptimal. On the other hand, the ALG revealed marginal levels of zinc and total protein as well as noticeably low levels of calcium, folate, and vitamin D.
Conclusion: Enhanced blood levels of nutritional biomarkers noted after eight-weeks of controlled dietary modification was supported by positive correlations observed with the daily nutrient intakes.
Frühlingsbeginn mit den ersten Frühen
Authors: Schaal René 
Published: March 2024

Frankfurt a.M. In Nordrhein-Westfalen, Niedersachsen und Rheinland-Pfalz befinden sich die größten Anbaugebiete für Frühkartoffeln. Im Südwesten beginnen die 265 Erzeuger von „Pfälzer Grumbeere“ nun flächendeckend mit dem Auspflanzen der Frühkartoffeln.
Die Krautfäule kann kommen
Authors: Schaal René 
Published: March 2024

Frankfurt a.M. Auf Fungizide gegen die Kraut- und Knollenfäule Phytophthora infestans kann nicht verzichtet werden. Der Algenpilz ist überaus anpassungsfähig und sorgt im weltweiten Kartoffelanbau für Ernteeinbußen von rund 20 Prozent.
KẾT QUẢ HÓA TRỊ PHÁC ĐỒ PACLITAXEL VÀ CARBOPLATIN BƯỚC 1 TRÊN BỆNH NHÂN UNG THƯ THỰC QUẢN GIAI ĐOẠN IV TẠI BỆNH VIỆN K
Authors: Nguyễn Thu Trang , Đỗ Anh Tú 
Published: March 2024

Mục tiêu: Đánh giá kết quả hóa trị phác đồ Paclitaxel và Carboplatin bước 1 trên bệnh nhân ung thư thực quản giai đoạn IV tại bệnh viện K. Đối tượng và phương pháp: Nghiên cứu mô tả hồi cứu và tiến cứu được thực hiện trên 54 người bệnh ung thư thực quản giai đoạn IV trong thời gian từ tháng 3 năm 2023 đến tháng 10 năm 2023. Kết quả: Tỷ lệ bệnh nhân có đáp ứng với điều trị là 51,8% (đáp ứng một phần là 44,4% và đáp ứng toàn bộ là 7,4%). Các triệu chứng nuốt nghẹn, đau khi nuốt, sặc được cải thiện sau điều trị. Các tác dụng không mong muốn hay xảy ra gồm buồn nôn, nôn, rụng tóc. Tác dụng phụ trên huyết học có tỷ lệ thấp và có thể kiểm soát được. Kết luận: Phác đồ điều trị này nên được áp dụng phổ biến hơn trong điều trị người bệnh ung thư thực quản giai đoạn IV do tình an toàn và dung nạp tốt.
ĐẶC ĐIỂM HÌNH ẢNH VIÊM KHỚP LIÊN MẤU CỘT SỐNG THẮT LƯNG TRÊN SIÊU ÂM VÀ PHIM CỘNG HƯỞNG TỪ CỦA CÁC BỆNH NHÂN VIÊM KHỚP LIÊN MẤU CỘT SỐNG THẮT LƯNG ĐIỀU TRỊ TẠI BỆNH VIỆN TRUNG ƯƠNG THÁI NGUYÊN
Authors: Vi Thị Thơ , Lưu Thị Bình 
Published: March 2024

Mục tiêu: Mô tả hình ảnh tổn thương khớp liên mấu trên phim cộng hưởng từ và siêu âm cột sống thắt lưng của các bệnh nhân điều trị tại Khoa Cơ Xương bệnh viện Trung Ương Thái Nguyên. Đối tượng và phương pháp nghiên cứu: Mô tả cắt ngang 88 bệnh nhân được chẩn đoán viêm khớp liên mấu cột sống thắt lưng điều trị tại khoa Cơ Xương Khớp bệnh viện Trung Ương Thái Nguyên trong thời gian từ 7/2022 đến tháng 7/2023. Kết quả: Nam 37(42,0%), nữ 51(58,0%). Tuổi 68± 13,02 lớn nhất là 93 tuổi, nhỏ nhất là 30 tuổi. Tuổi trung bình của các bệnh nhân là 68± 13,02 tuổi, tuổi trên 60 chiếm 79,5%. Thời gian diễn biến bệnh trung bình là 65,2 ± 52,2 tháng, gần nhất là 1 tháng, lâu nhất là 120 tháng. Vị trí hay gặp viêm khớp liên mấu nhất là L4-L5 ( 75,0% MRI, 80% Siêu âm), KLM L3-L4 (67,0% MRI, 31,8% siêu âm). Trên MRI, tổn thương KLM độ 2 chiếm tỷ lệ nhiều nhất 50%. Tổn thương độ 1 và độ 3 là 25%; hình ảnh dịch khớp có tỷ lệ cao nhất chiếm 73,9%, gai xương 63,3%, hẹp khe khớp 61,4%, phù xương 60,2%. Trên siêu âm, chỉ phát hiện được dịch khớp chiếm 52,3%, gai xương chiếm 47,7%. 100% tổn thương viêm KLM phát hiện trên phim MRI được phát hiện trên siêu âm với tỷ lệ 92,0%. Kết luận: Viêm khớp liên mấu cột sống thắt lưng gặp chủ yếu ở nữ, tần suất tăng theo độ tuổi. Vị trí thương gặp viêm KLM là L4-L5. Tổn thương mức độ 2 chiếm 50%. Hình ảnh tổn thương hay gặp là dịch khớp, gai xương, hẹp khe khớp. MRI khả năng phát hiện nhiều tổn thương trong chẩn đoán viêm KLM hơn siêu âm.
KẾT QUẢ PHẪU THUẬT NỘI SOI KẾT HỢP KIM ENDO ĐIỀU TRỊ THOÁT VỊ BẸN BẨM SINH HAI BÊN TẠI BỆNH VIỆN TRẺ EM HẢI PHÒNG
Authors: Phạm Văn Thương , Bùi Quốc Vượng 
Published: March 2024

Mục tiêu: Đánh giá kết quả phẫu thuật nội soi kết hợp kim Endo điều trị thoát vị bẹn 2 bên bẩm sinh tại Bệnh viện Trẻ em Hải Phòng từ tháng 3/2022 đến tháng 3/2023. Đối tượng và phương pháp nghiên cứu: Nghiên cứu mô tả hồi cứu kết hợp tiến cứu, không nhóm chứng. 47 bệnh nhi dưới 16 tuổi không phân biệt giới tính, được chẩn đoán và điều trị thoát vị bẹn 2 bên bằng phẫu thuật nội soi kết hợp kim Endo tại Bệnh viện Trẻ em Hải Phòng từ tháng 3/2022 đến tháng 3/2023. Kết quả: Tuổi trung bình của đối tượng nghiên cứu là 46,9 ± 31,2 tháng; 100% bệnh nhân được đưa đi khám với triệu chứng có khối phồng vùng bẹn/bìu/môi lớn; có 10,6% (4/47) bệnh nhân được phát hiện thoát vị bẹn 2 bên trước mổ; thời gian mổ trung bình là 24,7 ± 6,2 phút; thời gian nằm viện sau mổ trung bình là 4,04 ngày; không có bệnh nhân nào tái phát. Kết luận: PTNS điều trị thoát vị bẹn kết hợp kim Endo là phương pháp an toàn có hiệu quả cao.
GESTANTES PORTADORAS DE ANEMIA FALCIFORME E SUAS COMPLICAÇÕES
Authors: Andrade Luana Alves de , Valente Jaqueline Carrara Folly , Oliveira Elisa Freitas Dreviski de , Rizzo Gabriele , Moraes Eliza Froendel de 
Published: March 2024

INTRODUÇÃO: A anemia falciforme (AF) é uma condição que resulta na alteração estrutural da hemoglobina. Considerada uma das doenças genéticas mais prevalentes no Brasil, especialmente devido às características genéticas da população brasileira, ela é caracterizada por mutações que levam à substituição das bases nitrogenadas Timina (T) por Adenina (A). Isso ocasiona a troca do aminoácido Glutâmico por Valina na posição seis da cadeia Beta da hemoglobina. OBJETIVO: Analisar as complicações que ocorrem em gestantes portadoras de anemia falciforme. METODOLOGIA: Trata-se de uma revisão de literatura conduzida por meio da exploração nas bases de dados da Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS) e Base de dados de Enfermagem (BDENF). Foram utilizados Descritores em Ciências da Saúde (DeCS) combinados com o operador booleano AND, seguindo a seguinte abordagem: (Gestantes) AND (Anemia) AND (Complicações na Gravidez) resultando em um total de 187 trabalhos. RESULTADOS E DISCUSSÃO: A gravidez em mulheres portadoras de anemia falciforme pode representar um desafio significativo, levando a preocupações e inseguranças. Apesar disso, muitas mulheres buscam realizar o desejo da maternidade, o que demanda uma abordagem multiprofissional para garantir cuidados adequados durante o parto e o puerpério. CONCLUSÃO: Por fim, a compreensão aprofundada das complicações associadas à gestação em mulheres com anemia falciforme é fundamental para o desenvolvimento de estratégias de prevenção e manejo mais eficazes, com o objetivo final de melhorar os resultados de saúde para essas mulheres e seus bebês.
Thermal stratification and meromixis in four dilute temperate zone lakes
Authors: Swanner Elizabeth D. , Harding Chris , Akam Sajjad A. , Lascu Ioan , Ledesma Gabrielle , Poudel Pratik , Sun Heeyeon , Duncanson Samuel , Bandy Karly , Branham Alex , Bryant-Tapper Liza , Conwell Tanner , Jamison Omri , Netz Lauren 
Published: March 2024

Abstract. Four adjacent lakes (Arco, Budd, Deming, and Josephine) within Itasca State Park in Minnesota, USA, are reported to be meromictic in the scientific literature. However, seasonally persistent chemoclines have never been documented. We collected seasonal profiles of temperature and specific conductance and placed temperature sensor chains in two lakes for ∼1 year to explore whether these lakes remain stratified through seasonal mixing events and what factors contribute to their stability. The results indicate that all lakes are predominantly thermally stratified and are prone to mixing in isothermal periods during spring and fall. Despite brief, semi-annual erosion of thermal stratification, Deming Lake showed no signs of complete mixing from 2006–2009 and 2019–2022 and is likely meromictic. However, the other lakes are not convincingly meromictic. Geochemical data indicate that water in Budd Lake, which contains the most water, is predominantly sourced from precipitation. The water in the other three lakes is of the calcium–magnesium–bicarbonate type, reflecting a source of water that has interacted with the deglaciated landscape. δ18OH2O and δ2HH2O measurements indicate the lakes are supplied by precipitation modified by evaporation. Josephine, Arco, and Deming lakes sit in a valley with likely permeable sediments and may be hydrologically connected through wetlands and recharged with shallow groundwater, as no streams are present. The water residence time in meromictic Deming Lake is short (100 d), yet it maintains a large reservoir of dissolved iron, indicating that shallow groundwater may be an additional source of water and dissolved ions. All four lakes develop subsurface chlorophyll maxima layers during the summer. All lakes also develop subsurface oxygen maxima that may result from oxygen trapping in the spring by rapidly developed summer thermoclines. Documenting the mixing status and general chemistry of these lakes enhances their utility and accessibility for future biogeochemical studies, which is important as lake stratification and anoxia are becoming more prevalent due to changes in climate and land use.
Prostate Cancer Screening Behaviors and Health Beliefs Regarding Prostate Cancer Screening of Individuals Over 50 Years of Age: A Descriptive, Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: GÜRLER Hesna , YILMAZ EKER Pınar 
Published: March 2024

Purpose: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the prostate cancer screening behaviors and health beliefs related to prostate cancer screening among individuals aged 50 and over.
Material and Methods: The study sample consisted of 72 men aged 50 and over receiving treatment at the orthopedics and traumatology clinic of a university hospital. Data were collected using a "Personal Information Form" and the "Prostate Cancer Screening Health Belief Model Scale."
Results: The mean age of the participants in the study was 61.59±8.51 years. It was found that 22.2% of the participants had undergone Prostate-Specific Antigen testing, 73.6% had no knowledge about prostate cancer, and 75% had no knowledge about early detection tests for prostate cancer. Furthermore, participants who had knowledge about prostate cancer and early detection, had a family history of prostate cancer, and considered undergoing prostate examination had a higher rate of undergoing Prostate-Specific Antigen testing. Those who had never undergone a prostate examination, had no knowledge about prostate cancer and early detection tests, and did not plan to undergo prostate examination within the next six months had higher scores on the barrier perception scale, while those who had undergone Prostate-Specific Antigen testing and planned to undergo prostate examination within the next six months had higher scores on the health motivation perception scale.
Conclusion: The study revealed a low rate of Prostate-Specific Antigen testing for early detection of prostate cancer, and participants' knowledge and health beliefs and perceptions related to prostate cancer and early detection tests were identified as key factors influencing prostate cancer screening behaviors.
Pendampingan Pembelajaran Pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Ijudin Ijudin , Nurhayati Iyet , Ridwan Misbah , Wardani Risman , Jamaludin Rudi 
Published: March 2024

Pada masa covid-19 merupakan perubahan besar bagi semua bidang salah satunya dalam dunia pendidikan dari sistem tatap muka menjadiÂ virtual, banyak sekali masalah yang ditemukan akibat pandemiÂ covid-19 diantarnya penggunaan metode daring yang menekankan teknologi dalam sistem pembelajaran dengan dampinganÂ orang tua. Mengingat tidak semua orang tua siswa memahami penggunaan teknologi, sehingga menjadi salah satu kendala proses pembelajaran yang berdampak pada pemahaman siswa dalam memahamiÂ materi yang disampaikan guru melalui metode daring. Berdasarkan uraian masalah tersebut maka program yang akan dilaksanakan oleh mahasiswa yaitu dampingan pembelajaran sekolah dasar pada masa pandemi covid-19. Pendidikan pada masa covid-19 sangat mempengaruhi pada motivasi belajar siswa, maka dari itu model pembelajaran yang efektif sangat diperlukan agar proses pembelajaran dan tujuan pembelajaran dapat tercapai, karena tujuan pendidikan merupakan kunci keberhasilan dalam mencerdaskan kehidupan bangsa.
Meningkatkan Peran Serta Siswa Dalam Upaya Pencegahan Covid-19 Dengan Cara Menumbuhkan Kesadaran Pribadi
Authors: Anton Anton , Muhamadi Akmal Fauzan , Maesaroh Evi Siti , Hamdaniyah Siti Sopiah , Putri Alvi Rezqa 
Published: March 2024

Program NEW KKNÂ merupakan wahana penerapan serta pengembangan ilmu dan teknologi yang dilaksanakan oleh perguruan tinggi dalam upaya meningkatkan isi dan bobot pendidikan bagi mahasiswa dan untuk mendapatkan nilai tambah yang lebih besar pada pendidikan tinggi. Dengan adanya pandemi ini memberikan perubahan signifikan pada berbagai sektor, termasuk sektor pendidikan. Program NEW KKN daring merupakan salah satu bentuk penyesesuaian dalam sektor pendidikan selama masa pandemi Covid -19. Persebaran Covid -19 meningkat semakin cepat melalui tetesan air liur ketika orang yang terinfeksi batuk atau bersin. Akan tetapi, masih sangat minim pemahaman dan kesadaran siswa di SMP IT AL-WASI Desa Neglasari Kecamatan Cisompet yang mematuhi protokol kesehatan saat beraktivitas di luar rumah sehingga sekolah dilakukan pembelajaran daring. Lokasi tersebut merupakan padat penduduk.Â Oleh karena itu, perlunya peningkatan pemahaman Covid -19 dan pentingnya mematuhi protokol kesehatan penanggulangan Covid -19. Berdasakan permasalahan tersebut, penulis melakukan pengabdian pada masyarakat melalui kegiatan NEW Kuliah Kerja Nyata (NEW KKN) UNIGA Tematik Covid -19.
Does country of resettlement influence the risk of labor market marginalization among refugees? A cohort study in Sweden and Norway
Authors: Amin Ridwanul , Mittendorfer-Rutz Ellenor , Undem Karina , Mehlum Ingrid Sivesind , Hasting Rachel Louise 
Published: March 2024

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to compare the risk of labor market marginalization among refugees across different host countries of resettlement and examine the moderating role of birth country and length of stay on these associations.
METHODS: Cohorts of refugees and native-born individuals aged 19–60 in Sweden (N=3 605 949, 3.5% refugees) and Norway (N=1 784 861, 1.7% refugees) were followed during 2010–2016. Rates (per 1000 person-years) of long-term unemployment, long-term sickness absence, and disability pension were estimated for refugees and the host populations. Cox regression models estimated crude and adjusted (for sex, age, educational level, and civil status) hazard ratio (HRadj) for refugees compared to their respective host population, with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Analyses were also stratified by birth country and length of stay.
RESULTS: Refugees in Norway and Sweden had a higher incidence of labor market marginalization compared to their host population. Refugees in Sweden had a comparatively lower relative risk of long-term unemployment but higher risk of disability pension (HRadj 3.44, 95% CI, 3.38–3.50 and HRadj 2.45, 2.35–2.56, respectively) than refugees in Norway (HRadj 3.70, 3.58–3.82 and HRadj 1.57, 1.49–1.66, respectively). These relative risks varied when stratifying by birth country. A shorter length of stay was associated with a higher risk of long-term unemployment and a lower risk of disability pension, with a stronger gradient in Sweden than in Norway.
CONCLUSIONS: The relative risk of labor market marginalization varied by the refugees’ birth country but followed similar trends in Sweden and Norway. Although speculative, these findings may hint at non-structural factors related to the refugee experience playing a more important role than host country structural factors for the risk of labor market marginalization among refugees. Future research, including host countries with more variability in structural factors, is required to further investigate these associations. The higher risk of long-term unemployment among refugees with shorter length of stay indicates a need for more efficient labor market integration policies for newly-arrived refugees.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Journal of Agricultural Studies, Vol. 12, No. 1
Authors: Williams Richard 
Published: March 2024

Journal of Agricultural Studies (JAS) would like to acknowledge the following reviewers for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Many authors, regardless of whether JAS publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review for this issue. Reviewers for Volume 12, Number 1 Alexandru Ioan Apahidean, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, RomaniaAnca-Luiza Stanila, National Research Institute for Soil Science, RomaniaAndré Luiz Rodrigues Magalhães, Universidade Federal do Agreste de Pernambuco-UFAPE, BrazilAngel Ramon Sanchez Delgado, Universidade federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, BrazilEric Krawczyk, University of Michigan, USAEric Owusu Danquah, CSIR-Crops Research Institute, GhanaJorge A. López, State University of Amapá, BrazilMaría Francisca Perera, ITANOA, EEAOC-CONICET, ArgentinaRaul Pașcalău, Banat's University, RomaniaSybelle Mesquita Silva, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, BrazilToncho Gospodinov Penev, Trakia University, Bulgaria Richard WilliamsEditorial AssistantJournal of Agricultural Studies--------------------------------------Macrothink Institute5348 Vegas Dr.#825Las Vegas, Nevada 89108United StatesPhone: 1-702-953-1852 ext.521Email 1: jas@macrothink.orgEmail 2: jas@macrothink.comURL: http://jas.macrothink.org