bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Indications for and outcome of positive-pressure ventilation in cats: 53 cases (1993–2002)
Authors: Lee Justine A. , Drobatz Kenneth J. , Koch Michael W. , King Lesley G. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective— To determine indications for and outcomes of positive-pressure ventilation (PPV) in cats, document ventilator management, and identify factors associated with outcome.Design— Retrospective study.Animals— 53 cats that underwent PPV.Procedure— Information on signalment, history, concurrent diseases, clinical findings, results of venous blood gas analyses and clinicopathologic testing, treatment, ventilator settings, and outcome was retrieved from the medical records. Data for cats that survived were compared with data for cats that died or were euthanatized while undergoing PPV.Results—PPV was initiated for management of respiratory failure (36 cats [68%]), cardiac arrest (9 [17%]), neurologic impairment (6 [11%]), and nonresponsive hypotension (2 [4%]). Eight cats (15%) survived, 19 (36%) died, and 26 (49%) were euthanatized while undergoing PPV. Cats that survived had a longer duration of ventilation than did those that died or were euthanatized and had a significantly higher incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia. Signalment and ventilator settings were not associated with outcome. Cats that had no clinical evidence of pulmonary disease but required PPV because of primary neurologic disease had a higher survival rate (2/6) than did cats that required PPV because of respiratory failure (5/36), cardiac arrest (1/9), or nonresponsive hypotension (0/2).Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that the survival rate for cats requiring PPV may be lower than reported survival rates for dogs. Death was attributable to progressive respiratory failure, nonresponsive hypotension, kidney failure, or neurologic impairment. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2005;226:924–931)
Evaluation of serum enzyme activities as predictors of passive transfer status in lambs
Authors: Britti Domenico , Massimini Genesio , Peli Angelo , Luciani Alessia , Boari Andrea 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine the associations between serum IgG concentration and serum activities of γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, and pseudocholinesterase for the potential use of these serum enzymes as predictors of passive transfer status in neonatal lambs.Design—Prospective observational study.Animals—47 Sardinian lambs from birth to 2 days old.Procedure—Serum enzyme activities were measured by use of commercially available kits and a clinical biochemical analyzer. Serum IgG concentration was determined by single radial immunodiffusion. Associations between serum IgG concentration and the activity of each serum enzyme were established by use of regression analysis.Results—A significant correlation was detected between serum IgG concentration and serum GGT activity in 1- and 2-day-old lambs. Minimal correlations were detected between serum IgG concentration and serum alkaline phosphatase activity in 1-dayold lambs and serum pseudocholinesterase activity in 1- and 2-day-old lambs. No significant associations were detected between serum IgG concentration and serum activities of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and lactate dehydrogenase. A multiple linear regression model was accurate for the estimation of the natural logarithm of serum IgG concentration as a function of the natural logarithm of serum GGT activity and of the age of lambs at the time of sampling (adjustedR2= 0.89). This model was then used to calculate the serum GGT activity equivalent to various serum IgG concentrations for 1- and 2-day-old lambs.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggested that passive transfer status in neonatal lambs can be successfully predicted by measurement of serum GGT activity but not by measurement of the other enzymes tested. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2005; 226:951–955)
Comparison of arthroscopic and radiographic abnormalities in the hip joints of juvenile dogs with hip dysplasia
Authors: Holsworth Ian G. , Schulz Kurt S. , Kass Philip H. , Scherrer William E. , Beale Brian S. , Cook James L. , Hornof William J. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To compare radiographic and arthroscopic
abnormalities in juvenile dogs with clinically apparent
hip dysplasia.

Design—Case series.

Animals—52 dogs (70 hip joints) with clinical signs of hip
dysplasia scheduled to undergo triple pelvic osteotomy.

Procedure—A ventrodorsal radiographic projection of
the pelvis was evaluated by a radiologist unaware of
clinical and arthroscopic findings, and radiographic
osteoarthritic abnormalities were judged and scored
as absent (0), mild (1), moderate (2), or severe (3).
Arthroscopy was performed by a surgeon unaware of
clinical and radiographic findings, and arthroscopic
abnormalities were graded from 0 (normal) to 5
(exposed, eburnated subchondral bone).

Results—In 30 of the 70 (43%) hip joints, no radiographic
osteoarthritic abnormalities were seen.
Severe, full-thickness articular cartilage lesions
(grade 4) of the femoral head or acetabulum were
seen arthroscopically in 14 (20%) joints. Lesions ≥
grade 2 were seen in 60 (86%) joints. Partial tearing
of the ligament of the femoral head was present
in 57 (81%) joints, and complete rupture was
seen in 5 (7%). Radiographic abnormalities were
seen in 13 of the 14 (93%; 95% confidence interval,
66% to 99.8%) joints with grade 4 arthroscopic
abnormalities but in only 23 of the 46 (50%; 95%
confidence interval, 35% to 65%) joints with grade
2 or 3 arthroscopic abnormalities.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest
that radiography is not a sensitive method for identifying
moderate cartilage lesions in juvenile dogs with hip dysplasia.
If moderate cartilage lesions are an important
prognostic indicator for the success of triple pelvic
osteotomy, then methods other than radiography should
be used to detect these lesions. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 2005;227:1091–1094)
Evaluation of serum 17-hydroxyprogesterone concentration after administration of ACTH in dogs with hyperadrenocorticism
Authors: Benitah Noémi , Feldman Edward C. , Kass Philip H. , Nelson Richard W. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To evaluate serum 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP) concentration measurement after administration of ACTH for use in the diagnosis of hyperadrenocorticism in dogs.Design—Prospective study.Animals—110 dogs.Procedure—Serum 17-OHP concentrations were measured before and after ACTH stimulation in 53 healthy dogs to establish reference values for this study. Affected dogs had pituitary-dependent (n = 40) or adrenal tumor–associated (12) hyperadrenocorticism or potentially had atypical hyperadrenocorticism (5; diagnosis confirmed in 1 dog). In affected dogs, frequency interval and borderline and abnormal serum 17-OHP concentrations after ACTH stimulation were determined. Serum cortisol concentrations were assessed via low-dose dexamethasone suppression and ACTH stimulation tests.Results—In healthy dogs, serum 17-OHP concentration frequency intervals were grouped by sex and reproductive status (defined as < 95th percentile). Frequency intervals of serum 17-OHP concentrations after ACTH stimulation were < 7.7, < 2.0, < 3.2, and < 3.4 ng/mL (< 23.3, < 6.1, < 9.7, and < 10.3 nmol/L) for sexually intact and neutered females and sexually intact and neutered males, respectively. In 53 dogs with confirmed hyperadrenocorticism, serum cortisol concentrations after ACTH stimulation and 8 hours after administration of dexamethasone and serum 17- OHP concentrations after ACTH stimulation were considered borderline or abnormal in 79%, 93%, and 69% of dogs, respectively. Two of 5 dogs considered to have atypical hyperadrenocorticism had abnormal serum 17-OHP concentrations after ACTH stimulation.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Serum 17-OHP concentration measurement after ACTH stimulation may be useful in the diagnosis of hyperadrenocorticism in dogs when other test results are equivocal. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2005;227:1095–1101)
Effect of a 24-hour infusion of an isotonic electrolyte replacement fluid on the renal clearance of electrolytes in healthy neonatal foals
Authors: Buchanan Benjamin R. , Sommardahl Carla S. , Rohrbach Barton W. , Andrews Frank M. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine the effects of a 24-hour infusion of an isotonic electrolyte replacement fluid (IERF) on weight, serum and urine electrolyte concentrations, and other clinicopathologic variables in healthy neonatal foals.Animals—4 healthy 4-day-old foals.Design—Prospective study.Procedure—An IERF was administered to each foal at an estimated rate of 80 mL/kg/d (36.4 mL/lb/d) for 24 hours. Body weight was measured before and after the infusion period. Urine was collected via catheter during 4-hour periods; blood samples were collected at 4-hour intervals. Variables including urine production; urine and serum osmolalities; sodium, potassium, and chloride concentrations in urine and serum; urine and serum creatinine concentrations; urine osmolality-to-serum osmolality ratio (OsmR); transtubular potassium gradient (TTKG); and percentage creatinine clearance (Crcl) of electrolytes were recorded at 0, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24 hours during the infusion period. Immediately after the study period, net fluid and whole-body electrolyte changes from baseline values were calculated.Results—Compared with baseline values, urine and serum sodium and chloride serum concentrations, urine and serum osmolalities, OsmR, and percentage Crcl of sodium and chloride were significantly increased at various time points during the infusion; urine production did not change significantly. After 24 hours, weight, TTKG, serum creatinine concentration, and whole-body potassium had significantly decreased from baseline values.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that administration of an IERF containing a physiologic concentration of sodium may not be appropriate for use in neonatal foals that require maintenance fluid therapy. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2005;227:1123–1129)
Longevity of protective immunity to experimental bovine herpesvirus-1 infection following inoculation with a combination modified-live virus vaccine in beef calves
Authors: Ellis John , Waldner Cheryl , Rhodes Carrie , Ricketts Van 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To determine whether a combination viral
vaccine containing modified-live bovine herpesvirus-1
(BHV-1) would protect calves from infection with a
recent field isolate of BHV-1.

Design—Randomized controlled trial.

Animals—Sixty 4- to 6-month-old beef calves.

Procedure—Calves were inoculated with a placebo
42 and 20 days prior to challenge (group 1; n = 10) or
with the combination vaccine 42 and 20 days prior to
challenge (group 2; 10), 146 and 126 days prior to challenge
(group 3; 10), 117 and 96 days prior to challenge
(group 4; 10), 86 and 65 days prior to challenge (group
5; 10), or 126 days prior to challenge (group 6; 10). All
calves were challenged with BHV-1 via aerosol.
Clinical signs, immune responses, and nasal shedding
of virus were monitored for 14 days after challenge.

Results—Vaccination elicited increases in BHV-1–specific
IgG antibody titers. Challenge with BHV-1 resulted
in mild respiratory tract disease in all groups, but
vaccinated calves had less severe signs of clinical disease.
Extent and duration of nasal BHV-1 shedding following
challenge was significantly lower in vaccinated
calves than in control calves. In calves that received 2
doses of the vaccine, the degree of protection varied
with the interval between the last vaccination and
challenge, as evidenced by increases in risk of clinical
signs and extent and duration of viral shedding.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest
that this combination vaccine provided protection from
infection with virulent BHV-1 and significantly reduced
nasal shedding of the virus for at least 126 days after vaccination.
(J Am Vet Med Assoc 2005;227:123–128)
Neonatal isoerythrolysis in horse foals and a mule foal: 18 cases (1988–2003)
Authors: Boyle Ashley G. , Magdesian K. Gary , Ruby Rebecca E. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To assess data regarding clinical features, clinicopathologic and blood gas variables, and outcome from horse and mule foals with confirmed neonatal isoerythrolysis (NI).Design—Retrospective case series.Animals—17 horse and 1 mule foals.Procedure—Medical records of foals (< 14 days old) with NI were reviewed. Information collected included signalment; clinical examination findings; results of hematologic, serum and plasma biochemical, and venous blood gas analyses and urinalysis; treatments; and outcome.Results—Data from 17 horse foals and 1 mule foal with NI (mean age, 71 hours) were evaluated. Many foals had high serum indirect and direct bilirubin concentrations and sorbitol dehydrogenase activity. Whole blood immunoglobulin concentrations were < 400 mg/dL in 4 of 15 foals. Fresh whole blood transfusions were administered to 10 of 18 foals. Among the blood factors implicated in 11 foals, one (Dg) had not previously been associated with NI. Of 10 foals that received blood transfusions, 7 had significant improvements in Hct and hemoglobin concentration and 2 had significant improvements in central venous oxygen tension. Fifteen foals survived to discharge.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Data suggest that blood factor Dg may be associated with NI in foals. Liver disease may be concurrent with NI in foals, and NI can develop in foals with inadequate passive transfer of colostral antibodies. Whole blood transfusions were successful at increasing oxygencarrying capacity and improving peripheral tissue oxygenation in NI-affected foals. With appropriate treatment, the prognosis for foals with NI is good. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2005;227:1276–1283)
Comparison of milk yield in dairy cows with different degrees of lameness
Authors: Hernandez Jorge A. , Garbarino Eduardo J. , Shearer Jan K. , Risco Carlos A. , Thatcher William W. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To compare milk yield among cows classified
as nonlame, moderately lame, and lame and to
examine the relationship between severity of lameness
and milk yield in cows classified as lame during
the first 100 days after parturition.

Design—Longitudinal study.

Animals—465 Holstein cows.

Procedure—Cows were examined weekly during the
first 100 days after parturition and assigned a lameness
score by use of a 6-point locomotion scoring
system (ie, 0 to 5). Milk yield was compared among
cows classified as nonlame, moderately lame, and
lame. Among cows classified as lame (locomotion
score ≥ 4), milk yield was compared for cows with
low, medium, and high cumulative locomotion scores.
Cows classified as lame were further examined on a
tilt table for diagnosis and treatment of lameness.

Results—84 (18%), 212 (46%), and 169 (36%) cows
were classified as nonlame, moderately lame, and
lame, respectively. Among cows in their second or
later lactations, milk yield in lame cows was significantly
lower than that in moderately lame and nonlame
cows. In addition, among cows classified as
lame, milk yield was significantly lower in cows with
high locomotion scores during the first 100 days after
parturition, compared with cows with low scores.
Most (58%) cows classified as lame had laminitis.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results indicate
a linear relationship between increasing degree
of lameness and decreasing milk yield among cows in
their second or later lactations. The locomotion scoring
system used in this study may be a useful management
tool that veterinarians and dairy farmers
could adopt for early detection of lameness in dairy
cows. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 2005;227:1292–1296)
Association between hygiene scores and somatic cell scores in dairy cattle
Authors: Reneau Jeffrey K. , Seykora Anthony J. , Heins Bradley J. , Endres Marcia I. , Farnsworth Ralph J. , F. Bey Russell 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To develop a simple system for scoring
hygiene in dairy cattle and determine whether hygiene
scores were associated with individual cow somatic
cell scores (SCSs).

Design—Observational study.

Animals—1,191 cows.

Procedure—With the aid of a chart containing line
drawings and descriptive text, hygiene scores ranging
from 1 (clean) to 5 (dirty) were assigned for 5 body
areas: tail head, thigh (lateral aspect), abdomen (ventral
aspect), udder, and hind limbs (lower portion). To
determine repeatability, hygiene scores were
assigned to 75 cows twice by 4 experienced evaluators.
To determine accuracy and ease of use, hygiene
scores assigned by 14 college students to 23 cows
were compared with scores assigned by 2 faculty
members. To determine association with SCSs,
hygiene scores were assigned to each of 1,093 cows
by a single observer.

Results—Mean correlation coefficients for hygiene
scores assigned twice by 4 experienced evaluators
were ≥ 0.884, indicating high repeatability. Students
indicated that the scoring system was easy to use,
and mean correlation coefficient for student and faculty
member scores was 0.804. Hygiene scores for
the tail head, thigh (lateral aspect), and abdomen
(ventral aspect) were not significantly associated with
SCS. However, hygiene scores for the udder and hind
limbs (lower portion) and udder–hind limb composite
scores were significantly associated with SCS, with
SCS increasing as scores increased.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest
that the hygiene scoring system was repeatable,
accurate, and easy to use. However, only hygiene
scores for the udder and hind limbs and the udder–hind
limb composite score were significantly associated with
SCS. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 2005;227:1297–1301)
Comparison of the odds of isolation, genotypes, and in vivo production of major toxins by Clostridium perfringens obtained from the gastrointestinal tract of dairy cows with hemorrhagic bowel syndrome or left-displaced abomasum
Authors: Dennison Anita C. , Van Metre David C. , Morley Paul S. , Callan Robert J. , Plampin Emily C. , Ellis R. P. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To compare the frequency of isolation, genotypes, and in vivo production of major lethal toxins ofClostridium perfringensin adult dairy cows affected with hemorrhagic bowel syndrome (HBS) versus left-displaced abomasum (LDA).Design—Case-control study.Animals—10 adult dairy cattle with HBS (cases) and 10 adult dairy cattle with LDA matched with cases by herd of origin (controls).Procedure—Samples of gastrointestinal contents were obtained from multiple sites during surgery or necropsy examination. Each sample underwent testing for anaerobic bacteria by use of 3 culture methods. The genotype of isolates ofC perfringenswas determined via multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay. Major lethal toxins were detected by use of an ELISA. Data were analyzed with multivariable logistic regression and X2analysis.Results—C perfringenstype A and type A with the beta2 gene (A + beta2) were the only genotypes isolated. Isolation ofC perfringenstype A and type A + beta2 was 6.56 and 3.3 times as likely, respectively, to occur in samples from cattle with HBS than in cattle with LDA. Alpha toxin was detected in 7 of 36 samples from cases and in 0 of 32 samples from controls. Beta2 toxin was detected in 9 of 36 samples from cases and 0 of 36 samples from controls.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—C perfringenstype A and type A + beta2 can be isolated from the gastrointestinal tract with significantly greater odds in cattle with HBS than in herdmates with LDA. Alpha and beta2 toxins were detected in samples from cows with HBS but not from cows with LDA. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2005;227:132–138)
Prevalence of naturally occurring Dirofilaria immitis infection among nondomestic cats housed in an area in which heartworms are endemic
Authors: Atkins Clarke , Moresco Anneke , Litster Annette 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine prevalences of heartworm exposure (ie, positive heartworm antibody test results) and heartworm infection (ie, positive heartworm antigen test results or identification of mature heartworms at necropsy) among nondomestic cats housed in an area in rural North Carolina whereDirofilaria immitisis known to be endemic and among nondomestic cats housed in areas with a low prevalence of dirofilariasis or in an area considered to be free from heartworms.Design—Cross-sectional prevalence survey.Animals—97 nondomestic cats in North Carolina (study population) and 29 nondomestic cats in Colorado; Queensland, Australia; or Auckland, New Zealand (control population).Procedure—Results of serologic tests and postmortem examinations were reviewed.Results—Results of heartworm antibody tests were positive for 57 of 75 (76%) study cats and 1 of 29 (3%) control cats. Male study cats had a significantly higher risk of heartworm exposure than did female study cats (relative risk, 1.3). Results of heartworm antigen tests were negative for all 47 study cats and 16 control cats that were tested. Postmortem examinations were performed on 21 study cats, and 1 (5%) was found to be infected with heartworms.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggested that nondomestic cats housed outdoors in the southeastern United States are at risk for heartworm exposure and infection, with male cats having a greater risk of exposure than female cats. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2005;227:139–143)
Cardiopulmonary effects of controlled versus spontaneous ventilation in pigeons anesthetized for coelioscopy
Authors: Touzot-Jourde Gwenola , Hernandez-Divers Stephen J. , Trim Cynthia M. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To evaluate the cardiorespiratory effects of controlled versus spontaneous ventilation in pigeons anesthetized for coelioscopy.Design—Prospective study.Animals—30 healthy adult pigeons (Columbia livia).Procedure—During isoflurane anesthesia, 15 pigeons were allowed to breathe spontaneously (SP group) and 15 were mechanically ventilated (MV group) by use of a pressure-limited ventilator. In each group, cardiopulmonary variables (including end-tidal CO2concentration [ETCO2]) were measured before (baseline), during, and after coelioscopy. An arterial blood sample was collected for blood gas analyses from each pigeon before coelioscopy and after the procedure, when the caudal thoracic air sac was still open.Results—At baseline, hypoventilation was greater in the SP group than the MV group. Compared with the SP group values, ETCO2overestimated PaCO2to a greater degree in the MV group. Cardiovascular variables were not different between groups. After coelioscopy (when the air sac was open), PaCO2had decreased significantly from baseline in the MV group. In the SP group, hypoventilation worsened despite an increase in respiratory rate. After coelioscopy, PaO2in the SP group had decreased from baseline and was lower than PaO2in the MV group; arterial blood pressure and heart rate in the MV group had decreased from baseline and were lower than values in the SP group.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—In adult pigeons, controlled ventilation delivered by a pressurelimited device was not associated with clinically important adverse cardiopulmonary changes but may be associated with respiratory alkalosis and cardiovascular depression when air sac integrity has been disrupted. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2005;227:1424–1428)