bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Postpartum depression and its relationship with the positive and negative perfectionism
Authors: Rahimi Hanieh , Mousavi Fatemeh Sadat , Rahmanian Seyyedeh Adeleh , Khalajinia Zohre , Khavari Farideh 
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND:
Depression is a common mental disorder after childbirth, which has serious consequences for the mother, baby, and family. A wide range of causes, including some personality traits of mothers, are involved in its etiology. Therefore, this study was conducted aiming to determine the factors related to postpartum depression (PPD) and its relationship with positive and negative perfectionism in Qom, Iran.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted on 162 mothers who had been referred to health centers in Qom during 6–8 weeks after normal vaginal delivery (NVD) in 2020. After randomly classifying the health centers, the convenience sampling method was carried out. Data collection tools included social–individual information form, Edinburg Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), and Positive and Negative Perfectionism Questionnaire of Terry-Short. The data were analyzed using the Chi-square and Pearson correlation tests and multivariate logistic regression analysis.

RESULT:
The prevalence of PPD in this study was 29.6%. The results showed that with the increase in the negative dimension of perfectionism, the chance of PPD in people increases by 14% (OR = 1.14, CI = 1.06–1.21), while there was no significant correlation between the positive dimension of perfectionism and PPD (r = 0.006, P > 0.05). Furthermore, the chance of PPD was higher in student mothers, mothers who had a history of PPD, and unintended pregnancy. Moreover, some factors such as multigravidity, breastfeeding, and not worrying about body image reduce the chance of occurrence.

CONCLUSION:
Since mothers’ negative perfectionism is associated with PPD, it is recommended to identify perfectionist individuals during pregnancy and after delivery and provide counseling service to them.
Determinants of health literacy and its impact on glycemic control among women with gestational diabetes mellitus in a tertiary care hospital, Puducherry – A cross-sectional analytical study
Authors: Veerasetty Naveen Kumar , Venkatachalam J. , Subbaiah Murali , Arikrishnan Kalaiselvy , Soni Bhanushree 
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND:
Health literacy is vital during pregnancy, as maternal health knowledge and behavior have a significant impact on the health of both mother and child. Hence, this study aimed to assess the health literacy status of pregnant women diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), as well as its associated factors and impact on glycemic control.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
The facility-based Cross-sectional analytical study was conducted among 200 pregnant women with GDM in a tertiary care hospital. The eligible participants were consecutively selected for the study. The study was conducted from September 2022 to March 2023. A validated semi-structured questionnaire, the Health Literacy Questionnaire (HLQ) for GDM, was used to measure health literacy status. Stata V.17 software was used for data analysis.

RESULTS:
Out of 200 pregnant women with GDM, the mean (SD) age of the participants is 29.5 (±5.5) years. It was observed that 164 (82%) of the participants had adequate health literacy, whereas 36 (18%) had inadequate health literacy about Gestational Diabetes. Adequate health literacy (HL) was observed among 88.5% of women with controlled blood sugar and 55.1% of women with uncontrolled blood sugar. Results of multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that pregnant mothers’ educational status (PR: 1.8; 95% CI: 1.2-2.5) and glycemic control (PR: 1.4; 95% CI (1.2-1.7) were associated with adequate HL.

CONCLUSIONS:
In conclusion, this study supports the association between adequate HL and glycemic control in pregnant women with GDM. Addressing this gap is essential for healthcare officials and planners to implement programs that promote women’s HL during pregnancy, with a focus on low-educated groups.
Nurses' knowledge and protective health behaviors about prevention of COVID-19 pandemic complications at Baghdad Teaching Hospitals
Authors: Hassan Ahmed F. , Majeed Haider M. , Isam Safad Riyadh 
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND:
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a global pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2. Infection with SARS-CoV-2 primarily occurs through binding to angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2), which is abundantly expressed in various anatomical sites, including the nasopharynx, lungs, cardiovascular system, and gastrointestinal and genitourinary tracts. This study aimed to nurses' knowledge and protective health behaviors about prevention of covid-19 pandemic complications.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
A descriptive design study was conducted from October 1, 2022, to March 15, 2023. A non-probability purposive sample of 50 nurses from different educational levels, genders, and departments at Baghdad teaching hospitals was selected. Data collected were analyzed using SPSS version 25.0.

RESULTS:
The study comprised an equal distribution of male and female participants, with the majority (44%) aged between 22 and 30 years. A significant proportion (52%) of nurses held institute degrees. Forty-six percent were single, and the majority (74%) had 1-5 years of experience. The mean scores were 0.70 for nurses’ knowledge and 3.22 for nurses’ protective health behaviors.

CONCLUSIONS:
The findings indicate that nurses possess satisfactory knowledge and exhibit high levels of protective health behaviors regarding complications associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. It is recommended to conduct future research focusing on nurses’ knowledge and practices related to patient care in the context of a pandemic.
Suicide and its risk factors – An ecological study
Authors: Muniyapillai Tamilarasan , Kulothungan Karthikeyan , Vignesh K Nawin Jai , Keerthi Sathya CM , Godwyn Sherin Rosetta , Shivashankari SB , Bhonsle Shivanjali Raje B , Krishnakumar Shanmuga Priya , Suresh Shivani Devi 
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND:
There is tremendous variation in both the prevalence of suicide and the factors that contribute to its occurrence across geographic locations, cultures, and time. Therefore, the present study aims to identify the various socio-demographic risk factors and psychosocial stressors using population data.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
The countries that were included in the study were based on data from the World Health Organization. We considered the top ten suicide countries and the ten lowest suicide nations. We searched five global databases for the most recent socio-demographic data and data on psychosocial stressors during the period of August and September 2022. We analyzed the correlation between suicide rates and various factors, and we considered a P value of less than 0.05 to be statistically significant.

RESULTS:
The correlation of suicide with sociodemographic factors like age (P 0.246), gender (male, P 0.357, and female, P 0.357), net enrolment rate (P 0.725), gender parity index (P 0.929), urban population percentage (P 0.571), marital status (male, P 0.345, and female, P 0.752), and literacy rate percentage (P 0.199) was not significant. The correlation of suicide with psychosocial stressors like unemployment percentage (P 0.552), alcoholism percentage (P 0.271), the prevalence of depression (P 0.523), the number of psychiatrists (P 0.605), the number of mental hospitals (r = -0.090, P 0.713), and the poverty rate percentage (P 0.538) were also not significant.

CONCLUSION:
Suicide is a major public health issue, yet global suicide data is scarce. Sociodemographic factors like age, urbanization, and literacy rate were negatively correlated, whereas psychosocial stressors like unemployment, alcohol misuse, and poverty were positively correlated, but none were significantly associated.
Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) practices among residents of different slum settlements in a ward of Kolkata: A mixed-methods study
Authors: Ray Kuntala , Shukla Vineeta , Basu Mausumi , Manna Sukanta , Rashid Mamunur , Mondal Aparajita 
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND:
Access to safe water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) is the most basic need for mankind. Poor WASH practices are associated with various waterborne diseases, especially in developing countries such as India. The aim of the study was to assess WASH practices among residents of different slum settlements in a ward of Kolkata, identify the factors associated with WASH practice, and explore the barriers faced by the families and municipal staff in providing adequate WASH services to the community.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
An observational study, cross-sectional in design with a convergent parallel mixed–methods approach, was conducted in different slum settlements in a ward of Kolkata. Quantitative data were collected by face-to-face interview, spot observation, and measuring the living area, door, and window spaces. Key informant interviews were conducted with the medical officer, ward vector-control coordinator, and municipal waste handlers, in addition to in-depth interviews with respondents who had unsatisfactory WASH practices. SPSS version 25.0 was used to analyze the quantitative data. Qualitative data were analyzed thematically using Atlas.ti 22.

RESULTS:
The overall WASH practices were considered satisfactory in 58.8% of the households. Education of the respondents up to the secondary level, presence of overcrowding, and inadequate ventilation in the house had statistically significantly higher odds of unsatisfactory practice. Poor living conditions, difficulty in collecting and storing water, waterlogging, blocked sewage drains, common toilets for men and women, and lack of motivation were the primary obstacles identified by the residents.

CONCLUSION:
Unsatisfactory WASH practices were observed among a high proportion of the slum population. Community engagement and education regarding WASH in communities is strongly recommended along with improvement of infrastructure and capacity building.
Comparison of Xpert MTB RIF (G4) With Xpert MTB (Ultra) in Diagnosis of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis in Clinical Samples
Authors: Mathew Ann , Bhatt Puneet , Ninawe Sandeep Madhav , Patel Ankita , Bahal Ashish 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background:
Tuberculosis (TB) continues to be a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The main strategy to fight the pandemic is the development of rapid, accurate diagnostic tests, which helps to reduce the time for initiation of therapy. In 2010, WHO recommended the use of Xpert Mycobacterium tuberculosis/rifampicin (MTB/RIF) (G4), which is a cartridge-based semi-automated nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT) as a primary test with an aim to improve the detection of MTB. Later on, to improve the diagnostic efficacy, the new and improved cartridges called Xpert Ultra were introduced in 2017.

Materials and Methods:
One thousand and sixty-nine clinical samples were utilized for the study for microscopy, culture, and NAATs (Xpert MTB/RIF G4 and Ultra). The samples were randomly allocated. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) were calculated while assuming trace results as positive and negative in two separate scenarios.

Results:
The sensitivity of Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra cartridge was higher (100%) than Xpert MTB/RIF G4 cartridge (95.23%) and the specificity of Ultra cartridge was lower (71.79%) when compared to G4 cartridge (91.63%). However, the specificity of Xpert Ultra cartridge improved by reclassifying the “trace” interpretation as negative (89.1%). The NPV was 100% and 99.09% for Xpert Ultra cartridge and the Xpert G4 cartridge, respectively, and did not change by reclassifying the “trace” interpretation as negative. In contrast, the PPV varied greatly between the two tests, 26.66% for Xpert Ultra cartridge and 66.66% for Xpert G4 cartridge. The PPV of Xpert Ultra cartridge was improved to 48.48% by including “trace” samples in the negative pool.

Conclusion:
Xpert Ultra and G4 shows good performance as a first line diagnostic test. Caution should be exercised when interpreting ‘trace’ results in a country like India without parallel confirmatory tests like microscopy and culture. Data is limited on this newly incorporated value assigned in the automated report. Conducting further studies on results interpreted as ‘trace’ will help in improving the guidelines and as well as utilisation of such tests.
Effect of henna application on pulse oximetry reading among sick children admitted in an emergency unit: A single-center prospective observational study from Nigeria
Authors: Abubakar Muhammad Shakur , Abdussalam Umma Ibrahim , Aliyu Ibrahim , Ahmad Khadija Shamsu 
Published: March 2024

Background:
As red henna interferes with the working principles of pulse oximetry, it affects peripheral oxygen saturation readings. This study was conducted to determine the effect of henna on the pulse oximetry of sick children admitted to the emergency department (ED).

Subjects and Methods:
This was a prospective observational study on 100 sick children admitted to ED. The red henna was applied on the right index finger and right toe, while the left index finger and left toe served as control. SpO2 readings for the upper limbs and lower limbs were recorded simultaneously and compared.

Results:
The median (interquartile range) age was 4.0 (2.0–8.6) years. There was no significant difference between SpO2 (95.9±4.2 vs. 95.4±4.4) for the upper limb finger (t = 1.147, P
= 0.254) and Spo2 (95.3% ±4.9% vs. 95.7% ±3.9%) for lower limb finger (t = 0.954, P = 0.342) with henna and their corresponding pair without henna. However, the SpO2 of children with hypoxia (92.12% ±5.6% vs. 86.88% ±9.6%) for upper limb finger (92.00% ±5.7% vs. 88.41% ±5.5%) and for the toe was significantly higher on digits with henna compared with their pairs without henna (t = 3.167, P = 0.006 upper limb pair; t = 6.351, P = 0.013 for lower limb pair).

Conclusions:
Red henna application does not significantly affect the reading of pulse oximetry among children without hypoxia but significantly overestimates the oximetry reading in hypoxic children.
Utility of the Full Outline of UnResponsiveness score in children with altered sensorium: A single-center prospective observational study
Authors: Musthafa Sanifa , Kumar Nirmal 
Published: March 2024

Background:
Recent studies on the Full Outline of UnResponsiveness (FOUR) score suggest that it can overcome the limitations of the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS). Hence, this study was planned to predict the outcome of children with altered sensorium using the FOUR score and to compare it with the GCS score.

Subjects and Methods:
This was a single-center prospective observational study conducted in children in the age group of ≥2 months–12 years with altered sensorium included in this study. Admission GCS and FOUR scores were collected. Data were analyzed to compare the FOUR score to GCS in relation to outcome (survivors/nonsurvivors).

Results:
Out of 90 cases with altered sensorium, 12 expired (13.3%). The mean (standard deviation [SD]) of age (years) was 4.69 (3.72) and the maximum in the age group of 1–5 years (n = 42). The mean (SD), median (interquartile range), and range for GCS at admission for survivors versus nonsurvivors were 11.58 (1.62) versus 6.08 (1.08), 12 (11–13) versus 6 (5.75–7), and 7–17 versus 4–8, and for FOUR score, 13.51 (1.46) versus 8.67 (1.50), 13 (13–15) versus 8 (7.75–10), and 9–16 versus 7–11 were observed, P < 0.001. Admission GCS score of ≤8 (12 out of 15) and FOUR score <11 (10 out of 12) died, P < 0.001. ROC curve analysis for mortality prediction, the area under the curve for GCS (cutoff of 8) was 0.992, and for the FOUR score (cutoff of 11), 0.989 was observed, P < 0.001.

Conclusions:
Admission FOUR and GCS scores are comparable for the prediction of mortality in children with altered sensorium. The FOUR score of ≤11 strongly correlated with mortality.
Does Texting While Walking Affect Gait’s Plantar Pressure Parameters?
Authors: Elvan A , Ozer MT 
Published: March 2024

Background:This study aims to examine the possible effects of mobile phone use on plantar pressure and spatiotemporal parameters during walking.Materials and Methods:Thirty volunteers (18 males and 12 females) participated in the study. A 10-m walking path was prepared, and a messaging connection was established. They were asked to write three posts without word or character mistakes and participants walked on the path walk as much as they wanted on the trail to make sure they were walking at their own pace. The gait’s spatiotemporal parameters and plantar pressure parameters were recorded while walking. A paired samplest-test was used to determine whether there was a difference between normal walking and walking while texting.Results:While walking and writing a message, cadence, speed, and step length decreased significantly (P< 0.05). In the plantar pressure parameters, the fore- and midfoot load and pressure were significantly increased (P< 0.05).Conclusions:Compared to normal walking, the forces on the forefoot and midfoot and the pressure per unit area increased in walking while texting. It is thought that the pace of walking slows down, and focus and attention shift to the front of the body.
Anthropometric Predictors of Health-Related Quality of Life in Obese Patients Attending a Tertiary Hospital in Nnewi, South-East Nigeria: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Obi-Nwosu Amaka L , Nwosu Betrand O , Ezemenahi Sylvia I , Obi-Nwosu Daniella I , Nwosu Chinekwu S , Azudialu Bede C , Ojiakor Chukwudi S , Umeh Uche M , Izuchukwu Emeka C , Ofiaeli Chika I , Ulochukwu Chinyere M 
Published: March 2024

Background:
Obesity as a disorder with excess body fat directly decreases quality of life. While Body Mass Index (BMI) has been used largely in health studies as a measure of obesity, it is largely unable to differentiate between body fat and lean body mass, hence other anthropometric measures can be used to assess body fat.

Objective:
To determine the association of anthropometric indicators with health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in obese adults.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional study of obese adults (BMI ≥30kg/m2) attending the general outpatient clinic was conducted over four months. The quality of life was assessed using the short form-36 (SF-36) questionnaire. The anthropometric indicators used were BMI, waist circumference (WC), waist hip ratio (WHR), and waist-height ratio (WHtR).

Results:
Physical component summary (PCS) was significantly related to BMI, WHtR, and WC. After adjusting for co-variables (gender, age, occupation, and marital status), they remained significantly associated with PCS. Mental component summary (MCS) was significantly related to BMI, WHtR, and WC. After adjusting for the known determinants of HRQoL, only BMI remained significantly associated with MCS (P = −0.004; r = −0.146). When all the indicators were included in the same regression model, no anthropometric indicator was significantly related to MCS while only WHtR was significantly associated with PCS (P = 0.001; r = −0.465).

Conclusion:
HRQoL in obese patients is related to measures of body fat. The physical and mental components of health-related quality of life are correlated differently with the various anthropometric measures of obesity. The WHtR was found to be an independent predictor of the physical component of HRQoL.
Predictive Power of Self-Efficacy on the Fear of Childbirth in Pregnant Women: Underlying Mechanisms of Social Support as a Mediator and the COVID-19 Fear as a Moderator
Authors: Bilgin N Citak , Coskun H , Tunc G Citak , Boyuk M , Deger HS 
Published: March 2024

Background:
Fear of childbirth (FOC) is a common problem associated with psycho-social factors in pregnant women.

Objectives:
This study aimed to determine the mediator of social support and the moderator role of fear of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in the relationship between self-efficacy and FOC in pregnant women.

Materials and Methods:
This descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted with 422 pregnant women registered in 18 family health centers. Data were collected with the introductory information form, the Wijma Delivery Expectancy/Experience Questionnaire-A, the Childbirth Self-Efficacy Inventory, the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, and the Fear of COVID19 Scale. The SPSS 22 package program and Hayes’s process macro 3.2 were used in the analysis of the data.

Results:
Findings showed that 19.9% of the pregnant women experienced severe FOC. Self-efficacy and social support negatively predicted FOC, while fear of COVID-19 predicted it positively. Perceived social support moderately mediated the relationship between FOC and self-efficacy. Fear of COVID-19 was found to be a marginally effective moderator in the relationship between self-efficacy and FOC. This indicates that as self-efficacy increases in pregnant women with low fear of COVID-19, the FOC is experienced less.

Conclusion:
In the relationship between self-efficacy and FOC, social support is a key factor in reducing FOC. To reduce the FOC, the social support of pregnant women should be strengthened, and the fear associated with acute crisis periods such as pandemics should be reduced with some preventive measures.
Accidental Self-inflicted Nail-gun Injury to the Heart
Authors: Ghazanfari Ana , Firouzi Ata , Khalilipur Ehsan , Hosseini Saeid 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Penetrating cardiac injuries are heart crises requiring immediate surgical intervention, and nail-gun injuries have also been documented. This case report covers a 19-year-old male who self-inflicted a single chest wound using a nail gun. Examination of the heart revealed a nail that touched the myocardium around the right ventricular outflow tract.
Plasma Levels of High-sensitivity Cardiac Troponin I and Histopathological Findings in Heart Transplant Patients: A Single-center Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Mozaffari Kambiz , Naderi Nasim , Jadidian Mohammad , Alizadeh-Asl Azin , Taghavi Sepideh , Omidvar Razieh , Bakhshandeh Hooman 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
This study aimed to evaluate the association between plasma levels of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I (cTnI) in heart transplant patients and the grading of graft rejection.

Methods:
In a cross-sectional study, 92 biopsy samples from the patients who had undergone heart transplantation during 2022, at Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, the largest referral center in Tehran, Iran, were evaluated for heart transplant rejection. Transplant rejection grades, high-sensitivity troponin I plasma levels, and the relationship between them were assessed statistically.

Results:
Forty-two patients (mean age 37 ± 9.6 years, 26 (62%) male) were assessed. The mean transplant age was 3 ± 1.8 years. In terms of graft rejection, 30 (33%) biopsies showed Grade 1R and 4 (4%) showed Grade 2R. Quilty effect was observed in 43 (47%). The median (Q1–Q3) of the cTnI was 0.02 (0.02–0.75) and 43 (47%) had high troponin level (>0.03 ng/mL). A positive association was observed between high cTnI and rejection (P = 0.025).

Conclusion:
The association between the troponin level and rejection grade suggested the considerable myocardial injury during the rejection process.