bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The menace of severe adverse events and deaths associated with viral gene therapy and its potential solution
Authors: Kachanov Artyom , Kostyusheva Anastasiya , Brezgin Sergey , Karandashov Ivan , Ponomareva Natalia , Tikhonov Andrey , Lukashev Alexander , Pokrovsky Vadim , Zamyatnin Andrey A. , Parodi Alessandro , Chulanov Vladimir , Kostyushev Dmitry 
Published: March 2024

AbstractOver the past decade, in vivo gene replacement therapy has significantly advanced, resulting in market approval of numerous therapeutics predominantly relying on adeno‐associated viral vectors (AAV). While viral vectors have undeniably addressed several critical healthcare challenges, their clinical application has unveiled a range of limitations and safety concerns. This review highlights the emerging challenges in the field of gene therapy. At first, we discuss both the role of biological barriers in viral gene therapy with a focus on AAVs, and review current landscape of in vivo human gene therapy. We delineate advantages and disadvantages of AAVs as gene delivery vehicles, mostly from the safety perspective (hepatotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, neurotoxicity, inflammatory responses etc.), and outline the mechanisms of adverse events in response to AAV. Contribution of every aspect of AAV vectors (genomic structure, capsid proteins) and host responses to injected AAV is considered and substantiated by basic, translational and clinical studies. The updated evaluation of recent AAV clinical trials and current medical experience clearly shows the risks of AAVs that sometimes overshadow the hopes for curing a hereditary disease. At last, a set of established and new molecular and nanotechnology tools and approaches are provided as potential solutions for mitigating or eliminating side effects. The increasing number of severe adverse reactions and, sadly deaths, demands decisive actions to resolve the issue of immune responses and extremely high doses of viral vectors used for gene therapy. In response to these challenges, various strategies are under development, including approaches aimed at augmenting characteristics of viral vectors and others focused on creating secure and efficacious non‐viral vectors. This comprehensive review offers an overarching perspective on the present state of gene therapy utilizing both viral and non‐viral vectors.
Cross‐sectional study of patients with VCP multisystem proteinopathy 1 using dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry
Authors: Columbres Rod Carlo Agram , Luu Vu , Nguyen Minh , Kimonis Virginia 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIntroduction/AimsVCP multisystem proteinopathy 1 (MSP1), encompassing inclusion body myopathy (IBM), Paget's disease of bone (PDB) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) (IBMPFD), features progressive muscle weakness, fatty infiltration, and disorganized bone structure in Pagetic bones. The aim of this study is to utilize dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) parameters to examine it as a biomarker of muscle and bone disease in MSP1.MethodsDXA scans were obtained in 28 patients to assess body composition parameters (bone mineral density [BMD], T‐score, total fat, and lean mass) across different groups: total VCP disease (n = 19), including myopathy without Paget's (“myopathy”; n = 12) and myopathy with Paget's (“Paget”; n = 7), and unaffected first‐degree relatives serving as controls (n = 6).ResultsIn the VCP disease group, significant declines in left hip BMD and Z‐scores were noted versus the control group (p ≤ .03). The VCP disease group showed decreased whole body lean mass % (p = .04), and increased total body fat % (p = .04) compared to controls. Subgroup comparisons indicated osteopenia in 33.3% and osteoporosis in 8.3% of the myopathy group, with 14.3% exhibiting osteopenia in the Paget group. Moreover, the Paget group displayed higher lumbar L1‐L4 T‐score values than the myopathy group.DiscussionIn MSP1, DXA revealed reduced bone and lean mass, and increased fat mass. These DXA insights could aid in monitoring disease progression of muscle loss and secondary osteopenia/osteoporosis in MSP1, providing value both clinically and in clinical research.
Emotion constructs and outcome measures following false positive breast screening test results: A systematic review of reporting clarity and selection rationale
Authors: Long Hannah A. , Hindmarch Sarah , Martindale John‐Paul , Brooks Joanna M. , Harvie Michelle , French David P. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjective(i) To systematically identify constructs and outcome measures used to assess the emotional and mood impact of false positive breast screening test results; (ii) to appraise the reporting clarity and rationale for selecting constructs and outcome measures.MethodsDatabases (MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO) were systematically searched from 1970. Studies using standardised and non‐standardised outcome measures to evaluate the emotion or mood impact of false positive breast screening test results were eligible. A 15‐item coding scheme was devised to appraise articles on clarity and rationale for selected constructs and measures.ResultsForty‐seven articles were identified. The most investigated constructs were general anxiety and depression and disease‐specific anxiety and worry. Twenty‐two standardised general outcome questionnaire measures and three standardised disease‐specific outcome questionnaire measures were identified. Twenty articles used non‐standardised scales/items. Reporting of constructs and outcome measures was generally clear, but rationales for their selection were lacking. Anxiety was typically justified, but justification for depression was almost always absent. Practical and psychometric justification for selecting outcome measures was lacking, and theoretical rationale was absent.ConclusionsHeterogeneity in constructs and measures, coupled with unclear rationale for these, impedes a thorough understanding of why there are emotional effects of false positive screening test results. This may explain the repeated practice of investigating less relevant outcomes such as depression. There is need to develop a consensual conceptual model of and standardised approach to measuring emotional impact from cancer screening test results, to address heterogeneity and other known issues of interpreting an inconsistent evidence base.
Development of pre‐startup safety review implementation tool for safe operation in process plant
Authors: Abu Bakar Amiruddin , Abdul Aziz Hanida 
Published: March 2024

AbstractA pre‐startup safety review (PSSR) is a formal review of a chemical manufacturing process to verify that critical areas of the affected process have been assessed and addressed before using the process. It can be a new process or after modification to an existing process or operating conditions. There is concern about full implementation compliance, including designing the PSSR program, preparing the process to perform PSSR, following PSSR action items, and approving the PSSR report. This study aims to develop a PSSR Implementation Tool (PSSR‐IT) via the Microsoft Excel platform. At the end of the self‐assessment process, the end users were provided with the value of the percentage of compliance with PSSR requirements and a thorough review process prior to the start‐up activities. A safety experts’ content validation index (CVI) was performed to ensure the tool's content was valid and sufficient for the PSSR process, followed by a case study. Feedback from process safety engineers and PSSR leaders as end users has been collected through the System Usability Scale (SUS). A total of 227 questions have been listed under 10 disciplines, including general info, operation, engineering, operational, process safety, health safety and environment (HSE), action log, final walk down, and approval that cover all essential aspects of review process prior to the start‐up activities with CVI value of 0.98, k = 0.67. SUS findings demonstrated that all industrial experts and end users believe the tool is suitable and reliable, with a score >85%. Utilizing the PSSR tool will help the industries promote and improve the process safety program at the workplace.
Flow‐ and scale‐dependent spatial predictability of convective precipitation combining different model uncertainty representations
Authors: Matsunobu Takumi , Puh Matjaž , Keil Christian 
Published: March 2024

AbstractConsidering a whole summer season in central Europe, we find that the operational, convection‐permitting ICON‐D2 ensemble prediction system is spatially underdispersive in convective precipitation forecasts. The spatial spread of hourly precipitation is insufficient to capture the inherent error adequately across all scales (up to 300 km) and forecast times (up to 24 h). This lack of spread becomes more pronounced in the weak convective forcing regime. Using physically based stochastic perturbations in the planetary boundary layer is beneficial and leads to a reduction in spatial error at scales larger than 20 km and increases the spread at scales less than 50 km during weak forcing of convection, whereas the effect is almost neutral during strong forcing. Complementing the stochastic perturbations by perturbed parameters in the microphysics scheme shows an additive effect on spatial error and spread for a characteristic case study. Assessing the practical predictability of convective precipitation in a flow‐dependent manner is crucial, and our approach of combining multiple sources of uncertainty proves beneficial in mitigating the spatial underdispersion across scales, particularly during weak convective forcing.
Exciting High‐Frequency Short‐Wavelength Spin Waves using High Harmonics of a Magnonic Cavity Mode
Authors: Kumar Nikhil , Gruszecki Paweł , Gołębiewski Mateusz , Kłos Jarosław W. , Krawczyk Maciej 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSpin waves (SWs) are promising objects for signal processing and future quantum technologies due to their high microwave frequencies with corresponding nanoscale wavelengths. However, the nano‐wavelength SWs generated so far are limited to low frequencies. In the paper, using micromagnetic simulations, it is shown that a microwave‐pumped SW mode confined to the cavity of a thin film magnonic crystal (MC) can be used to generate waves at tens of GHz and wavelengths well below 50 nm. These multi‐frequency harmonics of the fundamental cavity mode are generated when the amplitude of the pumping microwave field exceeds a threshold, and their intensities then scale linearly with the field intensity. The frequency of the cavity mode is equal to the ferromagnetic resonance frequency of the planar ferromagnetic film, which overlaps with the magnonic bandgap, providing an efficient mechanism for confinement and magnetic field tunability. The effect reaches saturation when the microstrip feed line covers the entire cavity, making the system feasible for realization.
Nanoribbon Yarn with Versatile Inorganic Materials
Authors: Ahn Junseong , Jeong Yongrok , Kang Mingu , Ahn Jihyeon , Padmajan Sasikala Suchithra , Yang Inyeong , Ha Ji‐Hwan , Hwang Soon Hyoung , Jeon Sohee , Gu Jimin , Choi Jungrak , Kang Byung‐Ho , Kim Sang Ouk , Kim Sanha , Choi Junhyuk , Jeong Jun‐Ho , Park Inkyu 
Published: March 2024

AbstractNanomaterial‐based yarns have been actively developed owing to their advantageous features, namely, high surface‐area‐to‐volume ratios, flexibility, and unusual material characteristics such as anisotropy in electrical/thermal conductivity. The superior properties of the nanomaterials can be directly imparted and scaled‐up to macro‐sized structures. However, most nanomaterial‐based yarns have thus far, been fabricated with only organic materials such as polymers, graphene, and carbon nanotubes. This paper presents a novel fabrication method for fully inorganic nanoribbon yarn, expanding its applicability by bundling highly aligned and suspended nanoribbons made from various inorganic materials (e.g., Au, Pd, Ni, Al, Pt, WO3, SnO2, NiO, In2O3, and CuO). The process involves depositing the target inorganic material on a nanoline mold, followed by suspension through plasma etching of the nanoline mold, and twisting using a custom‐built yarning machine. Nanoribbon yarn structures of various functional inorganic materials are utilized for chemical sensors (Pd‐based H2 and metal oxides (MOx)‐based green gas sensors) and green energy transducers (water splitting electrodes/triboelectric nanogenerators). This method is expected to provide a comprehensive fabrication strategy for versatile inorganic nanomaterials‐based yarns.
Controlling the Porosity of Starch Hydrogels with Poly(Methyl Methacrylate) (PMMA) Beads
Authors: Koutloumpasis Athanasios , Papadopoulos Ioannis , Karakousi Marina , Karamitrou Christina , Mirouli Rali‐Fotini , Mpasinas Panagiotis , Sakka Eleni , Tzimtzimis Emmanouil , Tzetzis Dimitrios , Akritidou Despoina , Karageorgiou Vassilis 
Published: March 2024

AbstractStarch is a natural, biodegradable polymer that can be used to prepare hydrogels with various applications in food, pharmacy, medicine, agriculture, etc. In this study, a method of preparation using poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) beads to control the porosity of starch hydrogels is proposed. The hydrogels are crosslinked with trisodium trimetaphosphate and dried in a vacuum oven. Results show that increasing the amount of PMMA beads result in higher porosity hydrogels ranging from ≈35% for hydrogels where no PMMA beads are used to ≈88% for hydrogels where the mass ratio of PMMA beads to starch is 10:1. Higher porosity hydrogels have a higher equilibrium water content and swelling degree, but lower mechanical properties. All hydrogels have a low solubility (<≈5%) and a high gel fraction (>≈90%) percentage. Upon degradation in α‐amylase at 37 °C, low porosity hydrogels (prepare with 0:1 and 1:10 PMMA beads:starch) degrade within 30 min, while high porosity hydrogels (prepare with 1:1 and 10:1 PMMA beads:starch) degrade within 3 weeks. The release of a dye that is incorporated into the hydrogel walls follows similar kinetics. Therefore, the use of PMMA beads is an efficient method to control starch hydrogel's porosity and properties.
Structure and Physicochemical Properties of Resistant Starch III with Different Milling Methods
Authors: Wang Yunjie , Wang Xiaofeng , Wu Zhengzong , Zhao Haibo , Liu Pengfei , Zhang Kuidong , Yu Bin , Cui Bo 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe preparation process of resistant starch III (RS3) has attracted widespread attention, but its milling method is often overlooked. This study examines two milling methods for RS3: shear milling (SM) and vibration milling (VM). Manual milling (MM) is used as a control. The particle size, morphology, crystallinity, gelatinization characteristics, and in vitro digestibility of milled RS3 are analyzed. The particle size of the VM‐samples ranged from 71.92 to 107.69 µm, which is lower than SM‐samples. Scanning electron microscopy shows that SM‐RS3 appears as pellets, while VM‐RS3 is mostly coarse flakes. From the results of RVA and DSC, VM destroys more starch than SM. The crystallization peak of VM‐samples disappears, and the retention of SM‐samples is well. The values of R 1047/1022 and R 995/1022 cm−1 indicate that the crystal order and double helix structure of RS3 are destroyed after multiple VM shocked compared with SM. In vitro digestion experiment, resistant starch content of SM‐samples is about 30%, while VM‐samples are much less than SM. These findings suggest that the choice of milling methods has a significant impact on the structure and physicochemical characteristics of RS3, and it is an important step in preparing RS3.
Ultrasound muscle assessment for sarcopenia detection in inflammatory bowel disease: A prospective study
Authors: Mulinacci Giacomo , Pirola Lorena , Gandola Davide , Ippolito Davide , Viganò Chiara , Laffusa Alice , Gallo Camilla , Invernizzi Pietro , Danese Silvio , Massironi Sara 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundSarcopenia is prevalent in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and impacts surgical and therapeutic outcomes; thus, effective diagnostic tools are needed to assess muscle mass and function in this population.Methods153 consecutive patients were included, 100 in the training cohort and 53 in the study cohort. Three superficial muscles (rectus femoris = RF, rectus abdominis = RA, and biceps brachii = BB) were selected for the detection of sarcopenia using muscle ultrasound (US). The training cohort consisted of consecutive patients with or without IBD and was used to evaluate the feasibility and inter‐ and intra‐observer variability of the US measurement. The study cohort consisted of only IBD patients and served to test US diagnostic accuracy. In the latter, muscle US, bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were used to measure muscle parameters.ResultsSarcopenia prevalence in IBD patients was 50%. Muscle US showed excellent inter‐rater and intra‐rater reliability (ICC >0.95) and a good diagnostic accuracy in detecting sarcopenia compared to BIA with area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) values of 80% and 85% for RA and BB thickness, respectively. Moreover, an Ultrasound Muscle Index (USMI) was defined as the sum of the RA, BB, and RF thickness divided by the square of the patient's height, resulting in an AUROC of 81%. Muscle thresholds for sarcopenia were detected, with RA and USMI values correlated with the highest positive (84.3%) and negative (99%) predictive values, respectively. Additionally, the agreement between the US and MRI measurements of RA was excellent (ICC 0.96).ConclusionsThe findings of this study emphasize the potential of muscle US as a reliable diagnostic tool for assessing sarcopenia in IBD patients. This research has significant implications for disease management in IBD patients and underscores the need for further investigations to validate these findings in larger cohorts.
Sunlight sparks spectacular C(sp3)─H bond arylation: Rod shape ACC@MeF composite shines bright in 2,4‐dinitrophenylhydrazine reaction
Authors: Tiwari Mayank , Yadav Rajesh Kumar , Singh Satyam , Singh Pooja , Shahin Rehana , Singh Omvir , Gupta Navneet Kumar , Pandey Suresh K. , Tiwary Dhanesh , Baeg Jin‐Ook 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe solar light responsive selective C(sp3)─H bond activation by photocatalytic pathway using graphene platform as photocatalyst is a green and sustainable route to achieve value‐added chemicals on gram scale synthesis. Graphene has low activity due to fast recombination charges, band gap suitability problems, and inefficient solar light absorption ability. Therefore, activated carbon cloth‐based nitrogen‐rich phenolic resin was developed from melem and formaldehyde. The ACC@MeF light‐harvesting composite demonstrates outstanding light‐harvesting capability, leading to enhanced photocatalytic performance in C(sp3)─H bond formation, suitability of band gap, high molar extinction coefficient and high thermal stability. The development of metal‐free activated carbon cloth‐based melem formaldehyde resin for the solar light photocatalytic transformation of organic compounds is anticipated to have broad‐reaching applications.
Extracting and purifying polyphenols from coffee pulp (Coffee arabica L.) using aqueous two‐phase systems
Authors: Le Phuong Hong , Nguyen Kien Trung , Pham Oanh Kieu Thi , Nguyen Viet 
Published: March 2024

AbstractCoffee pulp, the major by‐product of the beverage industry, is considered as an environmental threat, but also possesses high amounts of bioactive compounds. The extraction of these compounds by using conventional methods and solvents usually accompanies impurities. Here, an aqueous two‐phase system (ATPS) was optimized to extract and purify polyphenols from coffee pulp. Key affecting factors include phase system composition (ethanol and ammonium sulfate), extraction time and temperature while the quality of product was evaluated based on total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activity (AA). The final optimized conditions were at 50 °C for 60 min using the ATPS of ethanol 37.7% (w/w) and ammonium sulfate 25% (w/w). TPC and AA at the optimal conditions were 434.63 ± 25.40 mg GAE/g dw and 622.71 ± 9.65 mg TE/g dw, respectively, which were higher than the results of the extract only used ethanol as the extraction solvent. The results showed that ATPS was a valuable method to extract and purify coffee bioactive compounds.
Study on the processing technology to clean Lao Cai's yellow phosphorus slag for building materials
Authors: Van Chien Nguyen , Nguyen Ta Thuy , Yen Dao Hai , Phuong Hoang Thi , Van Chuong Phan , Phong Nguyen Mai 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSlag is produced in large quantities during the manufacturing of yellow phosphorus in the Tang Loong Industrial Zone (Lao Cai province, Vietnam). It is required to clean them before using them as building materials. The research findings on cleaning yellow phosphorus slag in water with slaked lime or quicklime as aiding agents are presented in this article. According to experimental findings, the typical water consumption is between 4 and 6 m3 per ton of slag, or 160 g of 20% Ca(OH)2 or 25 g of CaO per 300 L of water. It is simple to reuse the water after rinsing the slag. The processed yellow phosphorus slag's elemental composition data reveal that Ca(SiO2)O, which has a pseudo‐wollastonite structure, is the product's primary constituent. Although P and F are still present, they are mainly in the stable glass phase of Ca(SiO2)O, and there are not many impurities. The treated yellow phosphorus slag can be used in large quantities for building materials due to its safe radioactivity index (I) < 1.
Study on plasticizing PLA using natural plasticizers available in Vietnam as a matrix resin for biodegradable PLA/cellulose composites
Authors: Yen Dao Hai , Phuong Hoang Thi , Van Chien Nguyen , Phuong Doan Ha , Nguyen Ta Thuy 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe study's objective was to evaluate the role of epoxidized vegetable oils (EVOs) in the properties of polylactic acid (PLA) and PLA/cellulose composite materials. This study selects EVOs derived from commonly used vegetable oils in Vietnam, namely soybean oil, Cleidiocarpon cavaleriei oil, and linseed oil, as potential plasticizer agents for PLA. In this study, PLA and composite samples will be prepared using the melting method on a co‐rotating twin‐screw extruder. The evaluation of plastic efficiency in PLA is carried out through the XRD, physical properties, and differential scanning calorimetry analysis (DSC). The results show that the effective usage of EVOs agent was demonstrated by a decrease in PLA's Tg values. In particular, the Tg values of PLA‐ESBO, PLA‐ELO, and PLA‐ECCO were 54.8 °C, 52.3 °C, and 51.4 °C, respectively, as compared to the Tg value of PLA at 58.8 °C. In the XRD spectrum, the EVOs change the crystallization structure of PLA. Specifically, the intensity peak at 2θ ≈ 14.6° is markedly reduced in the EVO‐containing sample, while a distinct and intense peak disturbance emerges at 2θ ≈ 16.6°. The utilization of EVOs has been observed to impact the mechanical characteristics of PLA, resulting in a decrease in the tensile strength and an increase in the elongation at break.