bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radiocolloid scintigraphy as an aid to the diagnosis of congenital portacaval anomalies in the dog
Authors: Hornof William J. , Koblik Philip D. , Breznock Eugene M. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Five clinically normal dogs and 5 dogs in which portacaval anomalies were diagnosed angiographically were utilized to evaluate differences in the appearance of the radiocolloid liver scan between the 2 groups. The liver was clearly visualized in all dogs, allowing subjective evaluation of size. In the dogs with portacaval shunts, scintigraphy revealed an obviously small liver as well as pulmonary uptake of radiocolloid. The utility of this technique was then tested in a group of dogs with liver disease and was shown to be of value in differentiating dogs with primary portacaval shunts from other types of liver disease.
Aspirin and prednisolone modification of radiographic changes caused by adulticide treatment in dogs with heartworm infection
Authors: Rawlings C. A. , Keith J. C. , Lewis R. E. , Losansky J. M. , McCall J. W. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The effects of aspirin and prednisolone in modifying the radiographic changes following adulticide treatment were studied in 3 groups of 6 dogs each. The dogs were radiographed and then 9 Dirofilaria immitis adults were surgically transplanted in each dog. All dogs were treated with thiacetarsamide 4 weeks later. One group received no additional treatment, the 2nd group received aspirin (10 mg/kg, daily for 4 weeks), and the 3rd group received prednisolone (1 mg/kg, daily for 4 weeks). Radiographs were taken at 1, 2, and 3 weeks after adulticide treatment, and the dogs were euthanatized at 4 weeks. The most consistent radiographic sign of pulmonary disease was a perivascular alveolar pattern in the caudal and accessory lung lobes. The right caudal lobe was the one most frequently affected. These parenchymal lesions were more frequent and more severe in the dogs given only adulticide treatment than in those given aspirin after adulticide treatment; the latter group in turn was more severely affected than the dogs given prednisolone after adulticide treatment. The radiographic evidence of pulmonary disease was resolving in most dogs at 3 weeks. The alveolar pattern on radiographs was distributed similarly to that observed at necropsy, using parenchymal uptake of Evan's blue as an indication of increased vascular permeability. Dissection of the perfusion-fixed lungs revealed that heartworms in 3 of the 6 dogs given prednisolone appeared to survive adulticide treatment.
Complications of abdominocentesis in the horse
Authors: Tulleners Eric P. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Two serious complications, perforation or laceration of a distended viscus in 2 horses and abdominal wall cellulitis in 2 horses, resulted from needle abdominocentesis during a 2-year period in which 850 peritoneal fluid analyses were performed. The complication proved fatal in 3 horses; in the other, extensive and prolonged therapy was required.
Decreased tear production associated with general anesthesia in the horse
Authors: Brightman A. H. , Manning J. P. , Benson G. J. , Musselman E. E. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Schirmer I tear tests were conducted on 14 horses. The test was performed before and after iv administration of xylazine hydrochloride, during maintenance anesthesia with halothane in oxygen, and 3 hours after discontinuation of anesthesia. Xylazine hydrochloride did not decrease tear production from the mean base-line value of 23.94 ± 5.23 mm/min after its iv administration. Tear production was decreased to mean values of 15.57 ± 4.29 mm/min at 30 minutes and 13.84 ± 4.25 mm/min at 60 minutes during the maintenance of halothane anesthesia. Three hours after anesthesia was discontinued, tear production returned to a mean value of 22.58 ± 4.12 mm/min.
Wedge osteotomy as a treatment for angular deformity of the fetlock in horses
Authors: Fretz P. B. , McIlwraith C. W. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Five young horses with fetlock varus deformities of 8 degrees or greater were treated by means of wedge osteotomy of the distal end of the 3rd metacarpal or metatarsal bone. Three patients were admitted to the Western College of Veterinary Medicine and 2 to Colorado State University. Their selection as surgical patients was based on the following criteria: (1) an angular limb deformity of 8 degrees or greater, (2) patient older than 120 days, (3) no evidence of lameness, and (4) no evidence of degenerative joint disease. The surgery was successful in all cases.
Induction of parturition in mares: Effect on passive transfer of immunity to foals
Authors: Townsend H. G. G. , Tabel H. , Bristol F. M. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Parturition was induced in 11 mares, using a synthetic prostaglandin. Eight mares, not treated, were used as controls. There was no significant difference between the serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentrations of the treated and control mares. The concentration of IgG in the colostrum of treated mares compared favorably with that reported for naturally foaling mares. Four foals from treated mares died or were euthanatized because of weakness during the 1st 24 hours after birth. The mean IgG concentration in the surviving foals from treated mares at 24 to 36 hours of age was 1,561 mg/100 ml, which was significantly (P<0.01) lower than the mean concentration of 2,731 mg/100 ml in foals from control mares. The mean serum IgG concentration in foals from control mares was significantly (P<0.01) greater than that of their dams, whereas the mean serum IgG concentration of the foals from treated mares was significantly (P<0.01) lower than that of their dams.
Renal papillary necrosis in horses
Authors: Gunson D. E. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
In a retrospective study of 16 horses in which renal papillary necrosis was found at necropsy, it was determined that almost all had been treated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and had been dehydrated or their water intake had been compromised. It was concluded that these features may be key factors in the development of papillary necrosis.
Diaphyseal angular deformities in three foals
Authors: White Karl K. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Angular limb deformities in 3 foals were found to originate in the diaphyseal region of the 3rd metacarpal (2) and metatarsal (1) bones. In each case, treatment consisted of wedge ostectomy followed by compression plating. Two foals survived for useful performance; the 3rd was euthanatized because of ischemia of the operated limb. The condition appeared to resemble a similar syndrome in man involving tibial curvature.
Effect of eperythrozoonosis on sow productivity
Authors: Zinn G. M. , Jesse G. W. , Dobson A. W. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The effect of subclinical eperythrozoonosis on the productivity of sows and gilts and on their offspring was studied, using pigs from 177 litters. The breeding animals were divided into titer groups (titer <40 versus titer ≥40, or titer<80 versus titer ≥80), using the indirect hemagglutination test. These groups were further divided by parity into primiparous (gilts) and multiparous (sows) subgroups.
Breeding animals belonging to the titer ≥40 and titer ≥80 groups farrowed litters that had a significantly (P<0.05) lower mean birth weight and significantly (P<0.05) greater mean number of pigs born dead. The litters from the titer ≥40 group had a significantly (P<0.05) lower mean live birth weight.
Evaluation of parity influence indicated that, in litters from the gilts with titer ≥80, the mean live birth weight and mean litter weight at 21 days were significantly (P<0.05) lower than for the sows and gilts with titer <80 and the sows with titer ≥80. These parity effects were not present in the titer <40 versus titer ≥40 group. The sows in the groups with titer ≥40 and titer ≥80 farrowed a significantly (P<0.05) greater mean number of pigs born dead than did the sows or gilts with titer <40 and gilts with titer <80, respectively. There were no significant differences within parity with respect to mean number of pigs born alive, mean number of pigs born, mean number of mummified fetuses, mean number of pigs at 21 days, mean litter birth weight, mean litter live birth weight, and mean days to estrus.
Between the groups with titer <40 and titer ≥40 and between the groups with titer <80 and titer ≥80, a comparison of pcv and hb values at 14 days in 984 pigs from 129 of the litters indicated significantly (P<0.01) lower mean pcv and hb values in pigs from the groups with titer ≥40 and titer ≥80. The mean serum protein value for the groups with titer ≥40 and titer ≥80 was significantly (P<0.01) higher. Pigs from the groups with titer <40 and titer <80 had a significantly (P<0.01) higher mean birth weight and mean 21-day weight.
Within parity, the major significant differences were that pigs from the gilts with titer ≥40 and titer ≥80 had a significantly (P<0.05) lower mean birth weight and that pigs from the sows with titer <40 and titer<80 had a significantly (P<0.05) higher mean 21-day weight. There was no meaningful parity effect on pcv, hb, or serum protein.
Association of sexual experience with isolation of various bacteria in cases of ovine epididymitis
Authors: Bulgin Marie S. , Anderson Bruce C. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Testicles from rams in flocks experiencing ram epididymitis in Idaho and eastern Oregon were cultured. Twenty-six breeding rams from 6 flocks were cultured and only Brucella ovis was isolated. Virgin rams (65) harbored numerous species of small fastidious gram-negative rods, including Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Haemophilus spp, Moraxella spp, and Pasteurella spp. Thus, there appeared to be 2 separate disease entities, dependent on sexual experience of the animal.
Reverse saphenous conduit flap in the dog
Authors: Pavletic Michael M. , Watters John , Henry Robert W. , Nafe Larry A. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Reverse saphenous conduit flaps, with pedicles incorporating the cranial and caudal branches of the saphenous artery and affiliated veins, were raised and transplanted to skin defects over the dorsal, medial, or plantar metatarsal surface in 15 dogs. The resultant flaps had a 100% survival rate, whereas control flaps, with the saphenous vessels divided, developed various degrees of necrosis.
Fluorescein dye (1 g) was administered iv after the completion of each procedure, to assess flap circulation. Of 15 reverse saphenous conduit flaps viewed with an ultraviolet light source, 13 had brighter fluorescent patterns of the distal half of the flap, compared with the control flaps. The finding of false-negative and false-positive fluorescent patterns in this study suggested that discretion is required when trying to correlate results of fluorescein dye studies with flap circulation and viability.
The reverse saphenous conduit flap is a flap that may have special application for large skin defects at or below the tarsus and that enables the surgeon to close the recipient bed without resorting to more expensive or time-consuming procedures. However, presurgical angiographic evaluation of the saphenous vasculature may be advisable to assure that the reverse saphenous conduit flap can be used safely when lower limb reconstruction is required after major trauma.
The saphenous artery is not a direct cutaneous artery, but a vascular “conduit” that supplies small direct cutaneous articles to the overlying skin. The flap developed in this study is termed a “reverse saphenous conduit flap” to distinguish it from the related axial pattern flap and to account for the reversal of blood flow in the saphenous vasculature.
Suspected villonodular synovitis in a dog
Authors: Kusba Jill K. , Lipowitz Alan J. , Wise Michael , Stevens Jerry B. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Progressive bilateral juxta-articular osteolytic lesions were detected in the coxofemoral joints of a dog. The differential diagnoses included neoplasia or an inflammatory process of periarticular tissue. The clinical signs, radiographic findings, and gross and microscopic appearance of the lesions were similar to the inflammatory changes of villonodular synovitis.
Diagnosis of cardiac lesions by contrast echocardiography
Authors: Bonagura John D. , Pipers Frank S. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Contrast M-mode echocardiography was utilized to study animals with congenital and acquired cardiac defects. Contrast was produced through the rapid injection of isotonic NaCl solution, the patient's blood, or indocyanine green dye into the circulation. Peripheral vein and intracardiac injections of contrast material were used to document ventricular septal defect, tetralogy of Fallot, atrial septal defect, and mitral valve regurgitation. The technique was safe and useful for both small and large animals.
Bone cysts in two dogs and a review of similar cystic bone lesions in the dog
Authors: Schrader Steven C. , Burk Ronald L. , Liu Si-kwang 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Bone cysts were diagnosed in 2 dogs, and reports of similar cystic lesions in the dog were reviewed. The clinical, radiographic, and microscopic findings were similar in all cases. The most common clinical signs were lameness and localized limb swelling. The lesions were in the metaphysis and adjacent portion of the diaphysis of the long bones of the limbs. The physis and epiphysis were unaffected except in the oldest dog. All but this dog were less than 18 months old at onset of clinical signs. On radiography, the lesions were consistently lytic and expansile, with little or no associated periosteal new bone formation. Thin shelves of bone appeared to divide the intramedullary portion of the lesions into compartments, but these shelves were usually incomplete; thus, most lesions were unicameral. Examined cyst cavities were filled with fluid and lined with a thin membrane. Histologic findings were similar in those cases in which microscopic examination was done. Surgical drainage and curettage appeared to be the preferred treatment. Recurrence or malignant transformation did not occur in any dog. Bone cyst or benign bone cyst is the most accurate term used to classify the lesions found in these dogs.
Primary pulmonary fibrosarcoma associated with Spirocerca Lupi infection in a dog with hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy
Authors: Stephens L. C. , Gleiser C. A. , Jardine J. H. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A dog with severe subperiosteal cortical thickening in all 4 limbs was found at necropsy to have a small noncircumscribed firm lesion in a lung lobe. Microscopically, the lung lesion was a fibrosarcoma that contained several adult nematodes identified as Spirocerca lupi. Lesions were not found in the esophagus or aorta, which are the typical locations for lesions caused by this parasite. Fibrosarcomas have been associated with S lupi infection in the esophagus. In this case, the nematode localized and reached maturity in an aberrant location and apparently participated in the development of a fibrosarcoma at this site.
Hemorrhage in a cat caused by inhibition of factor XI (plasma thromboplastin antecedent)
Authors: Feldman Bernard F. , Soares Cecelia J. , Kitchell Barbara E. , Brown Corrie C. , O’Neill Sharron 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A coagulation profile from a 5-year-old neutered male cat with severe epistaxis revealed an intrinsic coagulation defect characterized by prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time, with normal bleeding time, platelet count, and prothrombin time. Subsequent factor XI analyses, using bovine factor XI-deficient plasma, revealed factor XI deficiency. Hematologic and clinical studies on the cat failed to reveal an underlying disease process that might have resulted in acquired factor XI inhibition.
Farm studies of porcine parvovirus infection
Authors: Cutler R. S. , Molitor T. W. , Leman A. D. , Werdin R. E. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Epizootics of reproductive failure associated with porcine parvovirus infection were investigated on 38 farms. Mummification was common to all epizootics. The mean number of mummified fetuses per affected litter was 3.1. Mean number of pigs born alive for gilts and sows farrowing litters with mummified fetuses was 5.0, but for sows without mummified litters on the same farms it was 9.0. Mummified fetuses were observed in aborted litters on 8 (21.1%) farms. Gilts and sows that appeared pregnant but “lost” their swollen abdomens and failed to farrow were observed on 12 (39.5%) farms. Delayed return to estrus was evident on only 3 (7.9%) farms with a continuous farrowing program. On 21 farms with a batch farrowing program, only 2 (10%) epizootics involved more than 1 batch. Up to 100% of the pregnant swine in the group farrowing together produced mummified pigs, but less than 20% of the breeding herd was affected in 26 (68.4%) cases. The prevalence of disease was not related to herd size, housing, or farrowing management.
Subclinical mastitis of beef cows
Authors: Haggard Dale L. , Farnsworth Ralph J. , Springer Jon A. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Two beef cow herds were investigated to determine the prevalence of subclinical mastitis and to determine whether it contributed to decreased weaning weight of calves nursed by affected cows. Quarter samples obtained about 30 days after calving were evaluated by the California mastitis test and by direct microscopic cell count. In 1 herd, a 92-cow confinement operation, 17 quarters of 12 cows were infected with Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus sp other than agalactiae or Klebsiella sp. Mean 205-day adjusted weights were 203.9 kg and 218.2 kg for calves nursed by infected vs noninfected cows. In the other herd, a 75-cow range-pasture operation, 8 quarters of 8 cows were infected, all with S aureus. Mean 205-day adjusted weights were 162.5 kg and 174.6 kg for calves nursed by infected vs noninfected cows.
Fatal interaction between thiamylal sodium and a proprietary antidiarrheal preparation in the dog
Authors: Webb A. I. , Warren R. G. , Spencer K. R. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A drug interaction involving thiamylal sodium and a proprietary antidiarrheal preparation caused fatal ventricular fibrillation in a dog. Trials involving 4 dogs were conducted to recreate the interaction, and 1 of the 4 dogs died after ventricular fibrillation developed. The nature of the interaction was hypothesized to be mediated through the anticholinergic drug diphemanil methylsulfate, producing an autonomic imbalance.
Congenital myasthenia gravis in 13 Smooth Fox Terriers
Authors: Miller L. M. , Lennon V. A. , Lambert E. H. , Reed S. M. , Hegreberg G. A. , Miller J. B. , Ott R. L. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
In 13 Smooth Fox Terriers with a congenital form of myasthenia gravis, clinical signs included intermittent, progressive muscle weakness that became more pronounced with exercise; muscle wasting; megaesophagus; and aspiration pneumonia. Neurologic abnormalities were apparent only during periods of weakness and included inability to retract the fore- and hindlimbs from painful stimuli. A decrement of the compound muscle action potential was evident during repetitive supramaximal nerve stimulation. Intravenous injection of a short-acting cholinesterase inhibitor evoked immediate improvement of clinical and electromyographic signs. Intracellular microelectrode studies of a biopsied external intercostal muscle revealed reduced amplitude of miniature end-plate potentials, as occurs in acquired myasthenia gravis. However, in contrast to acquired myasthenia gravis, antibodies directed against acetylcholine receptors were not demonstrable in serum and were not bound to acetylcholine receptors in muscle. Despite lack of complexing with immunoglobulin, the amount of acetylcholine receptor protein in biopsied external intercostal muscles from 9 affected pups was less than 25% of the amount in 5 unaffected littermates. The latter finding accounted for the reduction in amplitude of miniature end-plate potential and the failure of neuromuscular transmission. Treatment with a long-acting cholinesterase inhibitor in 6 cases resulted in temporary improvement in muscle strength.
Effect of yohimbine on xylazine-induced central nervous system depression in dogs
Authors: Hsu Walter H. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Yohimbine was studied at various dosages to examine its effectiveness in reversing as well as preventing xylazine-induced cns depression. Intravenous injection of xylazine (1 to 10 mg/kg) induced a dose-dependent cns depression that was prevented by a low dosage of yohimbine (0.1 mg/kg, iv). Xylazine at a dosage of 10 mg/kg induced convulsions in 3 of 5 dogs. In addition, the cns depressant effect of xylazine (1 to 10 mg/kg, iv) was reversed by yohimbine at dosages ranging from 0.01 to 1.0 mg/kg. Yohimbine alone at dosages of ≥0.33 mg/kg appeared to cause apprehension for 20 to 60 minutes. The results indicated that yohimbine can be used as an antagonist to control the duration and depth of xylazine-induced cns depression. For this purpose, it seemed that yohimbine at a dosage of 0.1 mg/kg is suitable.
Vesicoureteral reflux induced by manual compression of the urinary bladder of dogs and cats
Authors: Feeney Daniel A. , Osborne Carl A. , Johnston Gary R. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Vesicoureteral reflux caused by manual compression of the urinary bladder performed to obtain urine samples was evaluated by contrast radiography in 10 sedated, clinically normal male and female dogs and in 10 sedated, clinically normal male and female cats. Vesicoureteral reflux occurred in 50% of the dogs and in 40% of the cats. Application of digital pressure to the urinary bladder for a prolonged period to initiate urine voiding was associated with a greater occurrence of reflux than was application of digital pressure for a transient period. Contrast material refluxed into the prostate gland of 3 of 6 male dogs.
Persistence of antibodies and anamnestic response in calves vaccinated with inactivated infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus and parainfluenza-3 virus vaccines
Authors: Sweat Robert L. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Persistence of antibodies in calves vaccinated with 2 types of inactivated infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (ibr) virus and parainfluenza-3 (PI-3) virus vaccines were determined. Calves seronegative for ibr and PI-3 viruses were inoculated with 2 doses of inactivated ibr virus–PI-3 virus vaccines administered 2 weeks apart. Blood samples were obtained from the calves for serum at 2 weeks, 6 months, and 1 year after vaccination. The serums were tested by serum-neutralization tests. Antibody response to the vaccines persisted on a declining scale for 1 year. The anamnestic responses to the vaccines were determined by inoculating the same calves with a booster dose of vaccine 1 year after the original 2 doses were given. Blood samples were obtained from the calves for serum 2 weeks later. The serums were tested by serum-neutralization tests. The single booster dose of vaccine elicited an anamnestic response to both ibr and PI-3 viruses.
Anaerobic bacteria associated with osteomyelitis in domestic animals
Authors: Walker Robert D. , Richardson Daniel C. , Bryant Mary Jean , Draper Carol S. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Specimens of bony tissue or adjacent soft tissue from 19 animals with osteomyelitis were cultured aerobically and anaerobically. Fourteen specimens (74%) yielded anaerobic bacteria in pure culture or mixed with aerobic or facultative anaerobic bacteria. The most predominant genus encountered was an obligate anaerobe, Bacteroides. The most frequently isolated Bacteroides species was Bacteroides asaccharolyticus, which was isolated 5 times. The most frequently isolated anaerobe was Peptostreptococcus anaerobius, which was isolated 6 times. Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were the most frequently isolated aerobic bacteria, with 7 and 6 isolates, respectively.