bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Giant enhancement of vacuum friction in spinning YIG nanospheres
Authors: Khosravi Farhad , Sun Wenbo , Khandekar Chinmay , Li Tongcang , Jacob Zubin 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Experimental observations of vacuum radiation and vacuum frictional torque are challenging due to their vanishingly small effects in practical systems. For example, a nanosphere rotating at

1

GHz

in free space slows down due to friction from vacuum fluctuations with a stopping time around the age of the Universe. Here, we show that a spinning yttrium iron garnet (YIG) nanosphere near aluminum or YIG slabs generates vacuum radiation with radiation power eight orders of magnitude larger than other metallic or dielectric spinning nanospheres. We achieve this giant enhancement by exploiting the large near-field magnetic local density of states in YIG systems, which occurs in the low-frequency GHz regime comparable to the rotation frequency. Furthermore, we propose a realistic experimental setup for observing the effects of this large vacuum radiation and frictional torque under experimentally accessible conditions.
Survey of bidirectional transmittance distribution function measurement facilities by multilateral scale comparisons
Authors: Fu Jinglin , Ferrero Alejandro , Quast Tatjana , Esslinger Michael , Santafé-Gabarda Pablo , Tejedor Néstor , Campos Joaquín , Gevaux Lou , Obein Gaël , Aschan Robin , Manoocheri Farshid , Ikonen Erkki , Porrovecchio Geiland , Šmíd Marek , Molloy Ellie , Koo Annette , Jensen Søren A , Oser Rafael , Audenaert Jan , Meuret Youri , Källberg Stefan , Gozhyk Iryna , Kraus Tobias , Schirmacher Alfred 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In recent years, a growing demand for the capability of performing accurate measurements of the bidirectional transmittance distribution function (BTDF) has been observed in industry, research and development, and aerospace applications. However, there exists no calibration and measurement capabilities-entry for BTDF in the database of the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures and to date no BTDF comparison has been conducted between different national metrology institutes (NMIs) or designated institutes (DIs). As a first step to a possible future key comparison and to test the existing capabilities of determining this measurand, two interlaboratory comparisons were performed. In comparison one, five samples of three different types of optical transmissive diffusers were measured by five NMIs and one DI. By specific sample choice, the focus for this study lay more on orientation-dependent scatter properties. In comparison two, where one NMI, one DI, one university, and three industrial partners investigated their measurement capabilities, the dependence on the orientation was not assessed, but two additional samples of the same material and different thickness were measured. Results of the two comparisons are presented, giving a good overview of existing experimental solutions, and showing specific sample-related problems to be solved for improved future BTDF measurements.
MONKES: a fast neoclassical code for the evaluation of monoenergetic transport coefficients in stellarator plasmas
Authors: Escoto F.J. , Velasco J.L. , Calvo I. , Landreman M. , Parra F.I. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

MONKES is a new neoclassical code for the evaluation of monoenergetic transport coefficients in stellarators. By means of a convergence study and benchmarks with other codes, it is shown that MONKES is accurate and efficient. The combination of spectral discretization in spatial and velocity coordinates with block sparsity allows MONKES to compute monoenergetic coefficients at low collisionality, in a single core, in approximately one minute. MONKES is sufficiently fast to be integrated into stellarator optimization codes for direct optimization of the bootstrap current and to be included in predictive transport suites. The code and data from this paper are available at https://github.com/JavierEscoto/MONKES/.
Plasma metabolomic markers underlying skeletal muscle mitochondrial function relationships with cognition and motor function
Authors: Tian Qu , Greig Erin E , Walker Keenan A , Fishbein Kenneth W , Spencer Richard G , Resnick Susan M , Ferrucci Luigi 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
Lower skeletal muscle mitochondrial function is associated with future cognitive impairment and mobility decline, but the biological underpinnings for these associations are unclear. We examined metabolomic markers underlying skeletal muscle mitochondrial function, cognition and motor function.

Methods
We analysed data from 560 participants from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (mean age: 68.4 years, 56% women, 28% Black) who had data on skeletal muscle oxidative capacity (post-exercise recovery rate of phosphocreatine, kPCr) via 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy and targeted plasma metabolomics using LASSO model. We then examined which kPCr-related markers were also associated with cognition and motor function in a larger sample (n = 918, mean age: 69.4, 55% women, 27% Black).

Results
The LASSO model revealed 24 metabolites significantly predicting kPCr, with the top 5 being asymmetric dimethylarginine, lactic acid, lysophosphatidylcholine a C18:1, indoleacetic acid and triacylglyceride (17:1_34:3), also significant in multivariable linear regression. The kPCr metabolite score was associated with cognitive or motor function, with 2.5-minute usual gait speed showing the strongest association (r = 0.182). Five lipids (lysophosphatidylcholine a C18:1, phosphatidylcholine ae C42:3, cholesteryl ester 18:1, sphingomyelin C26:0, octadecenoic acid) and 2 amino acids (leucine, cystine) were associated with both cognitive and motor function measures.

Conclusion
Our findings add evidence to the hypothesis that mitochondrial function is implicated in the pathogenesis of cognitive and physical decline with aging and suggest that targeting specific metabolites may prevent cognitive and mobility decline through their effects on mitochondria. Future omics studies are warranted to confirm these findings and explore mechanisms underlying mitochondrial dysfunction in aging phenotypes.
The role of multiple birth and birth complications in the association between assisted reproductive technology conception and autism diagnosis
Authors: Winter Alix S , Yartel Anthony K , Fountain Christine , Cheslack-Postava Keely , Zhang Yujia , Schieve Laura A , Kissin Dmitry M , Bearman Peter 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In recent decades, the use of assisted reproductive technology (ART) has increased rapidly. To assess the relationship between ART and autism diagnosis, we linked California birth records from 2000 through 2016 with contemporaneous records from the National ART Surveillance System (NASS) and autism caseload records from California’s Department of Developmental Services from 2000 through November 2019. All 95 149 birth records that were successfully linked to a NASS record, indicating an ART birth, were matched 1:1 using propensity scores to non-ART births. We calculated the hazard risk ratio for autism diagnosis and the proportions of the relationship between ART conception and autism diagnosis mediated by multiple birth pregnancy and related birth complications. The hazard risk ratio for autism diagnosis following ART compared with non-ART conception is 1.26 (95% CI, 1.17-1.35). Multiple birth, preterm birth, and cesarean delivery jointly mediate 77.9% of the relationship between ART conception and autism diagnosis. Thus, increased use of single embryo transfer in the United States to reduce multiple births and related birth complications may be a strategy to address the risk of autism diagnosis among ART-conceived children.
Educational inequalities and alcohol-related consequences in Brazil
Authors: Oliveira Leandro Machado , Demarco Flávio Fernando , Zanatta Fabrício Batistin 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Aims
This study aimed to test whether the alcohol harm paradox (AHP) is observed in Brazil by investigating (i) the association between educational attainment and alcohol-related consequences (ARC) and (ii) the contribution of average alcohol volume consumed (AVC), past-month heavy episodic drinking (HED), smoking, body mass index (BMI), and depression in accounting for the disparities in ARC.

Methods
We analysed data from the 2019 Brazilian National Health Survey, a nationally representative household survey. The composite ARC outcome was considered present when an individual reported a past-year episode of activity failure, amnesia, and concern by others due to alcohol consumption. Adjusted binary logistic regression models were fitted using a hierarchical approach to calculate the odds ratios (OR) and respective 95% confidence intervals (CI), and to assess the contribution of each set of variables in attenuating the educational differences in ARC.

Results
Those from the lowest educational strata (incomplete elementary school) exhibited higher odds of ARC than their counterparts (OR: 2.03; 95% CI: 1.73–2.37). Although smoking, BMI, and depression attenuated the educational gradient (i.e. reduced the difference between reference and riskier categories) in ARC by ~13%, the adjustment for AVC and HED amplified inequalities by 0.3% and 5.7%, respectively.

Conclusion
We found evidence of the AHP in Brazil. Educational inequalities in ARC were scarcely attenuated by behavioural factors, and a suppression effect was noted when adjusting for AVC and HED.
Efficacy of Digital and Non-Digital Compensatory Strategies in Supporting Prospective Memory Task Completion among Community-Dwelling Mid-Life and Older Adults
Authors: Beech Brooke F , Almeria Audrey T , Schmitter-Edgecombe Maureen 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Objective
Compensatory strategies can be used to help mid-life and older adults successfully manage instrumental activities of daily living that rely upon prospective memory. This study compared the quality of digital and non-digital compensatory strategies in supporting accurate completion of naturalistic, real-world prospective memory tasks.

Method
Participants included 70 community-dwelling mid-life and older adults. In this cross-sectional study, participants were tested remotely via Zoom in their homes. They were tasked with completing four real-world prospective memory tasks and encouraged to use their typical compensatory strategies. Utilized strategies were categorized, counted, and assigned quality scores (rating of thoroughness and utility), and prospective memory performance was coded.

Results
Participants who used any digital strategies utilized significantly more (ηp2 = .17) and better quality (ηp2 = .12) strategies than participants who did not use any digital strategies. However, the groups demonstrated equivalent prospective memory performance (ηp2 = .006). Within the digital group, participants’ digital and non-digital strategies were of similar quality (d = .14) and resulted in similar prospective memory task accuracy (d = .01).

Conclusions
Digital and non-digital strategies led to similar performance on naturalistic prospective memory tasks. Findings suggest that many different types of strategies can provide adequate prospective memory support to healthy mid-life and older adults. To inform development of compensatory strategy interventions, future studies should explore other factors that lead to successful prospective memory, such as the specific strategy type and task type match, across the continuum of cognitive impairment.
Multiscale characterization of polymer electrolyte fuel cells elucidated by quantum beam analysis
Authors: Yoshimune Wataru 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs) offer promising alternatives to conventional gasoline engines in automobiles and have been commercialized over the past decade. This progress can be attributed to state-of-the-art materials with high performance, long-term durability, and robust manufacturing technologies. The multiscale hierarchical structure inherent in PEFCs facilitates the transfer of protons, electrons, oxygen, and water. As various phenomena in PEFCs occur at different scales, multiscale analysis, including quantum beam analysis, is of great interest for materials development and for understanding the processes that take place in PEFCs. In particular, advancements in this field have enabled the further tailoring of properties in a controlled manner and the design of nanostructures processing superior material properties. Additionally, the expansion of quantum beam sources has facilitated the study of manufacturing protocols. This review presents the achievements in the use of synchrotron x-ray and neutron sources in the field of PEFCs, while also addressing remaining issues for the widespread commercialization of fuel cell electric vehicles.
Cortical volume reductions in men transitioning to first-time fatherhood reflect both parenting engagement and mental health risk
Authors: Saxbe Darby , Martínez-García Magdalena 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Perinatal reductions in gray matter volume have been observed in human mothers transitioning to parenthood, with preliminary evidence for similar changes in fathers. These reductions have been theorized to support adaptation to parenting, but greater investigation is needed. We scanned 38 first-time fathers during their partner’s pregnancy and again after 6 months postpartum, and collected self-report data prenatally and 3, 6, and 12 months postpartum. Significant gray matter volume reductions were observed across the entire cortex but not the subcortex. Fathers who reported stronger prenatal bonding with the unborn infant, and planned to take more time off from work after birth, subsequently showed larger cortical volume decreases. Larger reductions in gray matter volume also emerged among fathers who reported stronger postpartum bonding with the infant, lower parenting stress, and more time spent with their infant. Larger volume reductions predicted more postpartum sleep problems and higher levels of postpartum depression, anxiety, and psychological distress, controlling for prenatal sleep and mental health. Volume reductions were smaller among fathers whose infants were older at the postpartum scan, indicating potential rebound. These results suggest that perinatal gray matter volume reductions might reflect not only greater parenting engagement but also increased mental health risk in new fathers.
Potential of focal cortical dysplasia in migraine pathogenesis
Authors: Fila Michal , Przyslo Lukasz , Derwich Marcin , Pawlowska Ezbieta , Blasiak Janusz 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Focal cortical dysplasias are abnormalities of the cerebral cortex associated with an elevated risk of neurological disturbances. Cortical spreading depolarization/depression is a correlate of migraine aura/headache and a trigger of migraine pain mechanisms. However, cortical spreading depolarization/depression is associated with cortical structural changes, which can be classified as transient focal cortical dysplasias. Migraine is reported to be associated with changes in various brain structures, including malformations and lesions in the cortex. Such malformations may be related to focal cortical dysplasias, which may play a role in migraine pathogenesis. Results obtained so far suggest that focal cortical dysplasias may belong to the causes and consequences of migraine. Certain focal cortical dysplasias may lower the threshold of cortical excitability and facilitate the action of migraine triggers. Migraine prevalence in epileptic patients is higher than in the general population, and focal cortical dysplasias are an established element of epilepsy pathogenesis. In this narrative/hypothesis review, we present mainly information on cortical structural changes in migraine, but studies on structural alterations in deep white matter and other brain regions are also presented. We develop the hypothesis that focal cortical dysplasias may be causally associated with migraine and link pathogeneses of migraine and epilepsy.
Effective synthesis of triphylite NaMnPO4 through acid–base reaction in aqueous solution
Authors: Nagata Hiroshi , Akimoto Junji , Kataoka Kunimitsu 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Triphylite structure NaMnPO4 is expected to be an excellent candidate as the positive active material of a Na-ion battery. However, NaMnPO4 tends to generate a maricite phase that does not have a valid sodium-ion conduction path. Thus, it undergoes several complex reaction steps, such as ion exchange, to obtain the triphylite phase to have an effective sodium-ion conduction path. This study provides an effective direct synthesis method for triphylite NaMnPO4 through an acid–base reaction in aqueous solution under mild conditions.
Retrospective Monkeypox Virus Surveillance Among Male Users of I Want the Kit in Maryland, United States
Authors: Manabe Yukari C , Hardick Justin , Uhteg Katherine , Ramdeep Nisha , Armington Gretchen , Mostafa Heba H , Hamill Matthew M 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Retrospective surveillance leveraging male rectal swab sample remnants from I Want the Kit from July 2021 through October 2023 identified 1 symptomatic and 1 asymptomatic mpox case at the peak of transmission in 2022. Although sporadic cases continue to be reported in Maryland, additional asymptomatic cases were not identified in this leveraged surveillance.
Vaccine-Preventable Disease Outbreaks Among Healthcare Workers: A Scoping Review
Authors: Hasan Tasnim , Lynch Michelle , King Catherine , Wehbe Charbel , Plymoth Martin , Islam Md Saiful , Iannuzzi Theodore , Dao Aiken , Lai Jana , Martiniuk Alexandra , Desai Shalini , Sheel Meru 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
Outbreaks of vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs) in healthcare workers (HCWs) can result in morbidity and mortality and cause significant disruptions to healthcare services, patients, and visitors as well as an added burden on the healthcare system. This scoping review aimed to describe the epidemiology of VPD outbreaks in HCWs caused by diseases that are prevented by the 10 vaccines recommended by the World Health Organization for HCWs.

Methods
In April 2022, CINAHL, MEDLINE, Global Health, and EMBASE were searched for all articles reporting on VPD outbreaks in HCWs since the year 2000. Articles were included regardless of language and study type. Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of VPD outbreaks were described.

Results
Our search found 9363 articles, of which 216 met the inclusion criteria. Studies describing 6 of the 10 VPDs were found: influenza, measles, varicella, tuberculosis, pertussis, and rubella. Most articles (93%) were from high- and upper-middle-income countries. While most outbreaks occurred in hospitals, several influenza outbreaks were reported in long-term-care facilities. Based on available data, vaccination rates among HCWs were rarely reported.

Conclusions
We describe several VPD outbreaks in HCWs from 2000 to April 2022. The review emphasizes the need to understand the factors influencing outbreaks in HCWs and highlights the importance of vaccination among HCWs.
Effects of Kt/Vurea on outcomes according to age in patients on maintenance hemodialysis
Authors: Jeon Junseok , Kim Gui Ok , Kim Bo Yeon , Son Eun Jung , Do Jun Young , Lee Jung Eun , Kang Seok Hui 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Background
The guidelines recommended target and minimum single-pool Kt/Vurea are 1.4 and 1.2, respectively, in hemodialysis patients. However, the optimal hemodialysis dose remains controversial. We investigated the effects of Kt/Vurea on patient outcomes according to age, with a focus on older patients.

Methods
This study used the hemodialysis quality assessment program and claims datasets. Patients were divided into four subgroups according to age (&lt;65, 65–74, 75–84, and ≥85 years). Each group was divided into three subgroups according to Kt/Vurea : reference (ref) (1.2 ≤ Kt/Vurea ≤ 1.4), low (&lt; 1.2), and high (&gt; 1.4).

Results
The low, ref, and high Kt/Vurea groups included 1668, 8156, and 16 546 (&lt; 65 years); 474, 3058, and 7646 (65–74 years); 225, 1362, and 4194 (75–84 years); and 14, 126, and 455 (≥85 years) patients, respectively. The low Kt/Vurea group had higher mortality rates than the ref Kt/Vurea group irrespective of age [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR), 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.23, 1.11–1.36; 1.14, 1.00–1.30; 1.28, 1.09–1.52; and 2.10, 1.16–3.98, in patients aged &lt;65, 65–74, 75–84, and ≥85 years, respectively]. The high Kt/Vurea group had lower mortality rates than the ref Kt/Vurea group in patients aged &lt;65 and 65–74 years (aHR, 95% Cl: 0.87, 0.82–0.92 and 0.93, 0.87–0.99 in patients aged &lt;65 and 65–74 years, respectively).

Conclusions
These results support the current recommendations of a minimum Kt/Vurea of 1.2 even in patients age ≥85 years. In young patients, Kt/Vurea above the recommended threshold can be beneficial for survival.
Cerebral haemorrhage in the patient with atrial fibrillation: do we employ the direct oral anticoagulants without waiting too long?
Authors: Vassiliki’ Coutsoumbas Gloria , Di Pasquale Giuseppe 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Intracranial haemorrhage (ICH) is the most feared haemorrhagic complication of oral anticoagulant therapy (OAT), although the risk is significantly lower with direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) compared with warfarin. Intracranial haemorrhage is generally considered, by clinicians, to be an absolute contraindication to starting or resuming OAT in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). On the other hand, the pivotal trials with DOACs excluded patients with previous ICH. Observational studies actually indicate a net clinical benefit in favour of DOAC in patients with AF and previous ICH. This benefit is confirmed by randomized clinical trials which, however, have the limitation of the small number of cases, but larger clinical trials comparing DOACs vs. aspirin or no therapy are underway. While OAT is certainly contraindicated in patients with lobar ICH and cerebral amyloid angiopathy, in other cases, the decision must be made in the individual patient through an accurate balance between thromboembolic risk and haemorrhagic risk and a multidisciplinary cardio-neurological evaluation.
Abnormal conduction-induced cardiomyopathy: a poorly explored entity
Authors: Lalario Andrea , Rossi Maddalena , Allegro Valentina , Gagno Giulia , Perotto Maria , De Luca Antonio , Merlo Marco , Sanna Giuseppe Damiano , Sinagra Gianfranco 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
A dyssynchronous biventricular activation, which can be determined by left bundle branch block, chronic right ventricular pacing, frequent premature ventricular complexes, or pre-excitation, can cause a global abnormal contractility, thus leading to systolic dysfunction and left ventricular remodelling in a unique nosological entities: abnormal conduction-induced cardiomyopathies. In this clinical scenario, the mainstay therapy is eliminating or improving LV dyssynchrony, removing the trigger. This usually ensures the improvement and even recovery of cardiac geometry and left ventricular function, especially in the absence of genetic background. A multidisciplinary approach, integrating advanced multimodal imaging, is essential for the systematic aetiological definition and the subsequent evaluation and aetiology-guided therapies of patients and their families. This review aims to describe mechanisms, prevalence, risk factors, and diagnostic and therapeutic approach to the various abnormal conduction-induced cardiomyopathies, starting from reasonable certainties and then analysing the grey areas requiring further studies.