bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Excision of a feline limbal melanoma and use of nictitans cartilage to repair the resulting corneoscleral defect
Authors: Kanai Kazutaka , Kanemaki Nobuyuki , Matsuo Shirou , Ichikawa Youichiro , Okujima Hisataka , Wada Yoshinori 
Published: June 2006

AbstractA limbal melanoma was surgically removed from a 12‐year‐old castrated male black domestic shorthair (DSH) cat. The resulting full‐thickness eye wall defect was repaired using the autologous third eyelid cartilage. The patient was followed for 85 days postoperatively, during which time there was no recurrence. Other than a small amount of fibrin and blood at the anterior lens capsule, no significant complications were seen. Use of the third eyelid cartilage as graft material following resection of a feline limbal melanoma can be effective for repairing large eye wall defects and preserving ocular function. The third eyelid proved to be a convenient source of graft material. In addition, autologous grafting can reduce the potential for iatrogenic spread of infectious agents such as feline herpes virus.
Canine conjunctival hemangioma and hemangiosarcoma: a retrospective evaluation of 108 cases (1989–2004)
Authors: Pirie Chris G. , Knollinger Amy M. , Thomas Chet B. , Dubielzig Richard R. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractCanine conjunctival tumors of vascular endothelial origin are common, although under‐reported. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the epidemiology of and potential risk factors for these tumors. This study evaluated 108 cases (70 hemangiomas, 38 hemangiosarcomas) from 8300 canine submissions between 1989 and 2004. Signalment, location, pigmentation, size, duration, diagnosis, margins, ancillary therapy, and geographic location were recorded. Follow‐up information was available for 49 cases. Each case was matched with two unaffected controls and compared using logistic regression analysis. Average age upon presentation was 8.6 years; there was no sex predilection. Risk of conjunctival tumors was statistically different among breed groups (P = 0.0010), demonstrating a propensity to occur in groups likely to have increased outdoor activity. Primary involvement occurred within nonpigmented epithelium along the leading edge of the nictitating membrane (41/108) and temporal bulbar conjunctiva (33/108). The etiology remains unknown; however, the strong site predilection, involvement of nonpigmented epithelium, and development within specific breed classes strongly suggest ultraviolet (UV) light as a significant risk factor. In a full‐logistic model including breed, gender, age, and UV exposure, UV was not a statistically significant variable (P = 0.1215). In a reduced‐model including UV only, significance was approached (P = 0.0696) and posthoc contrast demonstrated a significant linear trend with increasing UV exposure (P = 0.0147). In separate analysis of risks associated with hemangiosarcoma, compared with hemangioma, breed was not significant while increasing UV exposure was significant (P = 0.0381). Early surgical therapy is recommended and may be curative; however, recurrence is possible and more likely with hemangiosarcomas (11/20).
Effects of mydriatics on intraocular pressure and pupil size in the normal feline eye
Authors: Stadtbäumer Katrin , Frommlet Florian , Nell Barbara 
Published: June 2006

AbstractObjective  To determine the effect of various mydriatics (1% atropine, 1% cyclopentolate, 0.5% tropicamide, 10% phenylephrine) on intraocular pressure (IOP) and pupil size (PS) in normal cats.Animals studied  The mydriatics were tested in 10 adult ophthalmoscopically normal European Domestic Short‐haired cats.Procedure  Single‐dose drug studies were divided into placebo (vehicle of phenylephrine), 10% phenylephrine, 0.5% tropicamide, 1% cyclopentolate and 1% atropine. After measurement of IOP and pupil size (PS) at 8 a.m. on the first day, one drop of the tested drug was applied to one randomly selected eye. The IOP and PS were measured for a minimum of 36 h until the pupil returned to pretest size.Results  Ten per cent phenylephrine had no significant effect on IOP, and the effect on the pupil size was minimal (≤ 1 mm difference). One per cent atropine showed a maximal mean difference of 4.3 mmHg ± 4.1 mmHg in IOP compared to the untreated eye. These differences were statistically significant at 1, 3, 6, 12 and 16 h post‐treatment. At 1, 1.5 and 2 h after unilateral application of 1% cyclopentolate, the IOP in the treated eye was significantly higher than the IOP in the untreated eye with a maximal mean difference of 4.1 mmHg ± 4.5 mmHg. With 0.5% tropicamide, IOP of the treated eye was significantly higher than IOP of the untreated eye at 1 and 1.5 h after treatment with a maximal mean difference of 3.5 mmHg ± 3.3 mmHg. One per cent atropine caused the greatest increase in IOP, followed by 1% cyclopentolate and 0.5% tropicamide. The dilating effect of atropine, cyclopentolate and tropicamide lasted longer than the effect on intraocular pressure.Conclusions  The parasympatholytics 1% atropine, 1% cyclopentolate and 0.5% tropicamide caused a statistically significant elevation of IOP and produced mydriasis in the treated eye in normal cats, while the sympathomimetic 10% phenylephrine had no significant effect on IOP or pupil size.
Reference values for selected ophthalmic diagnostic tests of the ferret (Mustela putorius furo)
Authors: Montiani‐Ferreira Fabiano , Mattos Bianca Chaim , Russ Heloisa Helena Abil 
Published: June 2006

AbstractPurpose To perform selected ophthalmic diagnostic tests in healthy ferrets with the aim of establishing normal physiological reference values for this species.Method A total of 15 healthy, unrelated ferrets were used to test most of the parameters in this investigation. Eight of the 15 ferrets were used for central corneal thickness evaluation. Ages varied from 1.5 to 6 years of age. Selected diagnostic ocular tests were performed including Schirmer tear test, tonometry using an applanation tonometer (Tonopen®), central corneal thickness using an ultrasonic pachymeter (Sonomed, Micropach®, Model 200P +) and culture of the normal conjunctival bacterial flora.Results and discussion Staphylococcussp. andCorynebacteriumsp. were isolated from healthy conjunctival and eyelid margins, suggesting they are normal constituents of the conjunctival flora of the ferret. Results for selected ocular diagnostic tests investigated here for the ferret eye were as follows: intraocular pressure: 14.50 ± 3.27 mmHg; Schirmer tear test: 5.31 ± 1.32 mm/min; central corneal thickness: 0.337 ± 0.020 mm. No statistically significant differences between ages or genders were found for any of the results. The reference data for the ocular tests obtained in this investigation will help veterinary ophthalmologists to more accurately diagnose ocular diseases in the ferret. Knowledge of these reference values will be particularly useful to diagnose discrete or unusual pathological changes of the ferret eye.
Pars plana vitrectomy for the treatment of ophthalmomyiasis interna posterior in a dog
Authors: Ollivier F. J. , Barrie K. P. , Mames R. N. , Kallberg M. E. , Greiner E. C. , Plummer C. E. , Gelatt K. N. , Strubbe D. T. , Brooks D. E. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractUnilateral chorioretinitis caused by ophthalmomyiasis interna posterior in a 5‐month‐old, female spayed Dachshund is reported. Larva removal by pars plana vitrectomy was performed after an unsuccessful photocoagulation of the organism. The larva was intact after surgical removal and was identified as a first stage instar Cuterebra spp. larva. The eye remains visual and comfortable with no signs of residual or recurrent inflammation postoperatively. This report describes, for the first time, the successful surgical retrieval of an intravitreal fly larva in a dog using vitrectomy techniques without sacrificing either the globe or vision, and taxonomic identification of the parasite.
Wittgenstein on the Experience of Meaning and the Meaning of Music
Authors: Bar‐Elli Gilead 
Published: June 2006

AbstractOn the basis of some ideas of Wittgenstein’s, an argument is presented to the effect that the ability to feel or to experience meaning conditions the ability to mean, and is thus essential to our notion of meaning.The experience of meaning, as manifested in the “fine shades” of use and behaviour, is central to Wittgenstein’s late conception of meaning. In explicating the basic elements involved here, I first try to clarify the notion of feeling and its relationship to meaning, emphasising its central role in music as explanatory of its use in language. The feeling of words, in this sense, is an objective feature of their meaning and use, and should be distinguished from feelings as psychological processes or experiences that may accompany the use of words. I then explain its philosophical significance by arguing that word‐feeling, and the “experience of meaning,” are basically instances of Wittgenstein’s general conception of aspect and aspect‐perception, which are important elements in his later conception of meaning and of thought. The nature of this experience is explicated in terms of grasping internal relations and relevant comparisons, which is manifested in a “mastery of a technique,” or “feeling at home” in a certain practice. In this sense, I argue, the ability to experience the meaning of a word is essential to the very intentionality of our thought and language. The ability to experience meaning is also a precondition for using words in a “secondary sense,” which is of great significance in itself. I conclude by pointing to the application of these notions of understanding, feeling and experience, as well as their explication in terms of comparisons, internal relations and mastery of technique, to music, where they are so apt and natural.
Wittgenstein’s On Certainty: There – Like our Life – Rush Rhees The Third Wittgenstein: The Post‐Investigations Works – Danièle Moyal‐Sharrock Understanding Wittgenstein’s On Certainty – Edited by Danièle Moyal‐Sharrock
Authors: Whittaker John H. 
Published: June 2006

Books reviewed:Rush Rhees, Wittgenstein’s On Certainty: There – Like our Life, D. Z. Phillips (ed.), (Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 2003), 195 pp. incl. Index; $29.95; referred to in the text as Rhees.Danièle Moyal‐Sharrock, The Third Wittgenstein: The Post‐Investigations Works (Aldershot: Ashgate, 2004), 225 pp. incl. Index; $99.95; referred to in the text as Third Witt.Danièle Moyal‐Sharrock (ed.), Understanding Wittgenstein’s On Certainty (Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2004), 250 pp. incl. Index; $75.00; referred to in the text as M‐S. Reviewed by Louisiana State University Baton Rouge Louisiana 70803 USA
Galtung, Violence, and Gender: The Case for a Peace Studies/Feminism Alliance
Authors: Confortini Catia C. 
Published: June 2006

My paper argues for an incorporation of feminist theories into peace theories, by analyzing what is missing by not confronting feminist contributions to a theory on violence. I take Johan Galtung's theory of violence as a point of departure, as a theory that is widely uncontested in peace studies. Galtung's articulation of direct, structural, and cultural violence offers a unified framework within which all violence can be seen. On the other hand, feminism can contribute to and enrich Galtung's theory of violence in four possible ways:

Galtung's theory needs to incorporate notions of gender as a social construct embodying relations of power.
Dichotomous, mutually exclusive categories that shape our understanding of the world are gendered and they are key to the production and reproduction of violence at all levels.
Gendered language defines the possibility and impossibility of pursuing different visions of the social world. Violence and peace can be constituted through language.
Violence produces and defines gender identities and, in turn, is produced and defined by them.

These contributions have important implications for peace studies: only by taking gender seriously as a category of analysis, can prescriptions for a violence‐free society be more than temporary solutions to deeply ingrained attitudes to accept violence as “natural.”
Book Reviews
Authors: Guo Jing , Grossman Bart , Triantafillou Peter 
Published: June 2006

Books reviewed:Alan Walker and Chack‐kie Wong (eds), East Asian welfare regimes in transition: From Confucianism to globalizationRobin Lovelock, Karen Lyons and Jackie Powell (eds), Reflecting on Social Work – Discipline and ProfessionStephan Leibfried and Michael Zürn, Transformations of the State?
Delirium within Three Days of Stroke in a Cohort of Elderly Patients
Authors: Sheng Ai Zhen , Shen Qing , Cordato Dennis , Zhang Yun Yun , Yin Chan Daniel Kam 
Published: June 2006

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the incidence of stroke, risk factors for stroke, and outcomes in elderly stroke patients with delirium.DESIGN: Cohort study with 12‐month follow‐up.SETTING: Bankstown‐Lidcombe Hospital, a 450‐bed teaching hospital of the University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.PARTICIPANTS: One hundred fifty‐six stroke patients aged 65 and older recruited over 1 year.MEASUREMENTS: Incidence of delirium (defined in accordance with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, criteria) within 3 days poststroke, length of hospital stay, discharge destination, short‐ and long‐term mortality, Functional Independence Measure (FIM) scores, and Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores.RESULTS: Thirty‐nine (25%) elderly stroke patients had delirium within 3 days after stroke. Logistic regression analysis found that older age (P=.04), hemorrhagic stroke (P=.02), metabolic disorders (P=.003), dementia prestroke (P=.02), Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score less than 15 on admission (P<.001), and inability to lift both arms on admission (P=.03) were independent predisposing factors for delirium. Patients who had a cardioembolic stroke (odds ratio (OR)=5.58) or total anterior circulation infarction (OR=3.42) were also more likely to develop delirium. Patients with delirium were associated with higher 6‐ and 12‐month mortality (P<.05), lower 12‐month FIM and MMSE scores, and a higher 12‐month institutionalization rate.CONCLUSION: Delirium occurred frequently in acute stroke patients aged 65 and older. Factors independently associated with delirium included old age, intracerebral hemorrhage, metabolic factors, prestroke dementia, initial GCS less than 15, and inability to lift both arms on admission. Patients with delirium had higher long‐term mortality and a worse functional outcome.
Limitation of a Single Clinical Data Source for Measuring Physicians' Performance on Quality Indicators
Authors: Weiner Michael , Quwatli Zakwan , Perkins Anthony J. , Lewis John N. , Callahan Christopher M. 
Published: June 2006

OBJECTIVES: To determine the extent to which relying on only one source of data leads to incomplete assessment of pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV) or mammography.DESIGN: Cross‐sectional survey.SETTING: An urban Midwestern academic medical center in 1998/99.PARTICIPANTS: Medicare beneficiaries aged 65 and older with at least one health encounter.MEASUREMENTS: Completion of PPV and mammography was assessed using local and Medicare records. The study compared sources of records and assessed association between services and demographics and comorbidity.RESULTS: Adding Medicare data to local data increased the computed 1‐year PPV from 8.8% (264/3,002) to 15.0% and increased the 1998/99 mammography rate from 40% (343/847) to 67%. Local data sources missed 40% of PPV and 39% of mammography; Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services sources missed 50% of PPV and 2% of mammography. The vaccinated were younger than the nonvaccinated (74 vs 76, P<.001). African Americans and those with more comorbidity were less likely to receive PPV over 8 years. Of 555 patients with a Medicare record of mammography, whites and those without Medicaid were significantly less likely to have a local record of mammography (P<.001).CONCLUSION: Neither administrative nor local clinical records provide a complete or accurate assessment of these quality indicators. Accurate assessment of quality indicators requires pooling data from multiple sources across a broad region.
An 8‐Year Prospective Study of the Relationship Between Cognitive Performance and Falling in Very Old Adults
Authors: Anstey Kaarin J. , Von Sanden Chwee , Luszcz Mary A. 
Published: June 2006

OBJECTIVES: To determine whether cognitive performance, as distinct from cognitive impairment, predicts falling during an 8‐year follow‐up in a community‐based sample of very old adults and to evaluate how cognitive change is associated with falling.DESIGN: Prospective cohort study including three waves of data collected in 1992, 1994, and 2000.SETTING: Population based, with the baseline sample drawn from the electoral roll.PARTICIPANTS: Inclusion criteria were completion of at least three cognitive tests at baseline and completion of the falls questionnaire at Wave 6 (N=539).MEASUREMENTS: Assessments of health and medical conditions, visual acuity, cognitive function, functional reach, semitandem stand, and grip strength were conducted in 1992 (baseline), 1994, and 2000. Self‐report information on falls in the previous 12 months was obtained on each of these occasions. Marginal models using generalized estimating equations were used to assess the association between baseline cognitive performance and falling over 8 years, adjusting for sociodemographic, health, and sensorimotor variables. Random effects models were used to assess the relationship between change in cognitive performance and change in fall rate and fall risk over 8 years.RESULTS: Mini‐Mental State Examination and verbal reasoning at baseline predicted rate of falling over an 8‐year period. Within individuals, declines in verbal ability, processing speed, and immediate memory were associated with increases in rates of falling and fall risk.CONCLUSION: Cognitive performance is associated with falling over 8 years in very old adults and should be assessed in clinical practice when evaluating short‐ and long‐term fall risk.
Bath Transfers in Older Adult Congregate Housing Residents: Assessing the Person–Environment Interaction
Authors: Murphy Susan L. , Nyquist Linda V. , Strasburg Debra M. , Alexander Neil B. 
Published: June 2006

OBJECTIVES: To examine environmental feature utilization (EFU) and the types and prevalence of performance difficulties during a videotaped bath transfer and to determine the personal characteristics associated with total EFU and performance difficulties.DESIGN: Cross‐sectional analysis.SETTING: Two congregate housing facilities in southeastern Michigan.PARTICIPANTS: Eighty‐nine older adults who reported independence in bathing.MEASUREMENTS: Trained video coders recorded EFU (defined as upper extremity contact with features in the environment) and rated performance difficulties (defined as lack of fluid movement or difficulty negotiating the environment). EFU was measured by determining whether features used were safe (i.e., designed for use as a transfer support) or unsafe and by total EFU (i.e., number of environmental features used during the transfer). Personal characteristics included self‐reported medical conditions, bath transfer difficulty, functional mobility, lower extremity strength, range of motion functional impairment, and falls efficacy.RESULTS: For participants with a tub‐shower, safe EFU was higher than unsafe EFU (85% vs 19%; P<.001). Participants with shower stalls had the same rate of safe and unsafe EFU (71%). In multiple regression analysis, self‐reported bath transfer difficulty was associated with total EFU (P=.01). One‐third of the sample had performance difficulties. In multivariate analysis, range of motion functional impairment (odds ratio (OR)=13.49, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.11–163.53) and lowest quartile in falls efficacy scores (OR=5.81, 95% CI=1.24–27.41) were associated with performance difficulties.CONCLUSION: Unsafe EFU and performance difficulties were common in independently bathing older adults. Self‐reported bath transfer difficulty appears to be a good indicator of high total EFU and may be used as a screening question for clinicians. Important strategies to reduce unsafe EFU and to increase falls efficacy include removing shower sliding glass doors and training older adults in safe transfer techniques.
Self‐Reported Sleep and Nap Habits and Risk of Falls and Fractures in Older Women: The Study of Osteoporotic Fractures
Authors: Stone Katie L. , Ewing Susan K. , Lui Li‐Yung , Ensrud Kristine E. , Ancoli‐Israel Sonia , Bauer Douglas C. , Cauley Jane A. , Hillier Teresa A. , Cummings Steven R. 
Published: June 2006

OBJECTIVES: To test the association between self‐reported sleep and nap habits and risk of falls and fractures in a large cohort of older women.DESIGN: Study of Osteoporotic Fractures prospective cohort study.SETTING: Clinical centers in Baltimore, Maryland; Minneapolis, Minnesota; Portland, Oregon; and the Monongahela Valley, near Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.PARTICIPANTS: Eight thousand one hundred one community‐dwelling Caucasian women aged 69 and older (mean 77.0).MEASUREMENTS: Sleep and nap habits were assessed using a questionnaire at the fourth clinic visit (1993/94). Fall frequency during the subsequent year was ascertained using tri‐annual questionnaire. Incident hip and nonspinal fractures during 6 years of follow‐up were confirmed using radiographic reports.RESULTS: Five hundred fifty‐three women suffered hip fractures, and 1,938 suffered nonspinal fractures. In multivariate models, women who reported napping daily had significantly higher odds of suffering two or more falls during the subsequent year (odds ratio=1.32, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.03–1.69) and were more likely to suffer a hip fracture (hazard ratio (HR)=1.33, 95% CI=0.99–1.78) than women who did not nap daily. Those sleeping at least 10 hours per 24 hours had a higher risk of nonspinal fracture than (HR=1.26, 95% CI=1.00–1.58) and a similar but nonsignificant increased risk of hip fracture to (HR=1.43, 95% CI=0.95–2.15) those who reported sleeping between 8 and 9 hours.CONCLUSION: Self‐reported long sleep and daily napping are associated with greater risk of falls and fractures in older women. Interventions to improve sleep may reduce their risk of falls and fractures. Future research is needed to determine whether specific sleep disorders contribute to these relationships.