bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Topical tacalcitol and 308‐nm monochromatic excimer light: a synergistic combination for the treatment of vitiligo
Authors: Lu‐yan Tang , Wen‐wen Fu , Lei‐hong Xiang , Yi Jin , Zhi‐zhong Zheng 
Published: November 2006

Background/purpose: To study and compare the efficacy of combined 308‐nm monochromatic excimer light (MEL) therapy with tacalcitol vs. that of MEL 308‐nm therapy alone in treatment of vitiligo.Methods: Thirty‐eight patients with vitiligo were enrolled in a single‐blind, within patient controlled clinical trial. Symmetrical or nearby lesions were randomly applied with either topical tacalcitol cream or vehicle. Each lesion was treated weekly with the 308‐nm MEL, for a total of 12 sessions. Patients were examined at monthly intervals. The mean number of sessions and the cumulative dosage for initial repigmentation were calculated.Result: Thirty‐five patients were evaluated. Treatment with tacalcitol and MEL resulted in higher percentages for excellent repigmentation (25.7%) compared with vehicle and MEL (5.7%) (P<0.05). Percentages for total response were 71.4% and 60%, respectively (P>0.05). The mean±SEM cumulative dose and number of excimer light exposures for initial repigmentation were, respectively, 3.93±0.59 J/cm2 and 4.52±0.49 at the tacalcitol side, and, respectively, 4.99±0.68 J/cm2 and 5.3±0.52 at the vehicle side (P<0.05).Conclusion: Our results have shown that concurrent topical tacalcitol potentiates the efficacy of the 308‐nm MEL in the treatment of vitiligo, and that this combination achieves earlier pigmentation with a lower total dosage.
Failure of physiologic doses of pure UVA or UVB to induce lesions in photosensitive cutaneous lupus erythematosus: implications for phototesting
Authors: Lokitz Michele L. , Billet Sara , Patel Purvisha , Kwon Eun Ji , Sayre Robert M. , Sullivan Kathleen E. , Werth Victoria P. 
Published: November 2006

Background: Phototesting studies in cutaneous lupus erythematosus have yielded variable results, with most trials reporting photo‐induction of lesions by both UVA and UVB in substantial numbers of patients.Objectives: To determine the minimal erythema dose in patients with subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus (SCLE) and controls.Patients/methods: We phototested nine patients with SCLE and 14 skin type‐matched controls, using repetitive dosing of UVA1 and UVB, but with filters that removed most of the shorter UVC and longer infrared and visible light. In addition, DNA was isolated from anticoagulated blood to genotype the TNF‐α 308 region in each patient and control.Results: We were unable to demonstrate a difference in minimal erythema dose (MED) between patients and controls, or any correlation of MED with either TNF genotype or systemic drug therapy for SCLE. In addition, no SCLE skin lesions were induced in the nine patients with either UVA or UVB, and one patient cleared a skin lesion after low‐dose UVA1 irradiation.Conclusions: The potential role of wavelengths outside the UVA and UVB range in the photo‐induction of cutaneous lupus skin lesions needs to be investigated, and there is a need to standardize phototesting equipment and procedures for patients with cutaneous lupus erythematous.
Selenomethionine inhibits ultraviolet radiation‐induced p53 transactivation
Authors: Traynor Nicola J. , McKenzie Roddie C. , Beckett Geoffrey J. , Gibbs Neil K. 
Published: November 2006

Background: Ultraviolet (UV) radiation damages the cellular DNA of skin cells. In response, wild‐type p53 protein accumulates in irradiated cells and the stabilized and transactivated protein can then induce genes involved in cell cycle arrest in G1, or in the initiation of apoptosis. Selenium protects cells from UVB‐induced cell death and apoptosis by mechanisms which are unclear, although recent reports suggest that selenium protects against UV‐induced cell damage by inducing DNA repair enzymes and transactivating p53.Methods: We examined whether selenomethionine could protect human skin cells from UV radiation‐induced p53 transactivation, using a pRGCΔfos‐lacZ p53‐dependent reporter construct stably transfected in an amelanotic melanoma cell line (Arn‐8) which expresses wild‐type p53. Cells were pretreated with or without selenomethionine and then irradiated with broadband UVB (∼270–350 nm); 0–30 mJ/cm2 from a Phillips TL100 W/12 lamp.Results: The percentage of cells with transcriptionally active p53 increased dose dependently up to 20 mJ/cm2 UVB. Treatment with 50 μM selenomethionine for 24 h both pre‐ and post‐irradiation, significantly diminished p53 activation by 30–43% across the UV dose range (P=0.0085, n=5 independent experiments) and decreased UV‐induced p53 protein accumulation as assessed by Western blotting.Conclusions: We conclude that selenomethionine inhibits broad band UVB‐induced p53 transactivation and protein accumulation and that this effect correlates with reported protective effects of selenium against UV‐induced DNA damage.
A Pilot Study of Complete Edentulous Rehabilitation with Immediate Function Using a New Implant Design: Case Series
Authors: Maló Paulo , De Araújo Nobre Miguel , Petersson Ulrika , Wigren Stina 
Published: November 2006

ABSTRACTBackground:  The current investigation focuses on new implant designs for increased predictability in clinically demanding situations. Microtextured implant surfaces create favorable conditions for enhanced osseointegration of dental implants compared to implants with a smooth surface, and the macroscopic implant design may influence implant stability.Purpose:  The aim of the present study was to retrospectively evaluate the clinical performance of a novel implant design in the rehabilitation of completely edentulous jaws and in combination with an immediate function protocol.Materials and Methods:  Forty‐six consecutive patients received 189 study implants (NobelSpeedyTM concept implant, Nobel Biocare AB, Göteborg, Sweden) supporting 53 full‐arch all‐acrylic prostheses (44 maxilla, 9 mandible). The majority (66%) of the reconstructions were supported by four implants, of which the two posterior implants were tilted. All patients were followed for a minimum of 1 year. Radiographic assessment of the marginal bone level was performed.Results:  Two implants were lost in two patients, rendering a 1‐year cumulative clinical survival rate of 98.9%. The marginal bone level was, on average, situated 1.2 ± 0.7 mm below the implant‐abutment interface after 1 year of loading. Good soft tissue health and overall esthetic outcome was reported.Conclusions:  The results of the present pilot study indicate that fully edentulous jaws with various types of bone can be treated with high success and good esthetics using immediately loaded implants with the presented design, and that favorable marginal bone levels can be maintained.
LIPID EVALUATION DURING THE DEVELOPMENT OF PISTACHIO SEED FROM THE REGION OF KAIROUAN (MIDDLE OF TUNISIA)
Authors: CHAHED THOURAYA , HAMROUNI IBTISSEM , DHIFI WISSAL , MSAADA KAMEL , KCHOUK MOHAMED ELYES , MARZOUK BRAHIM 
Published: November 2006

ABSTRACT Pistachio seeds of “Mateur” variety, cultivated in the region of Kairouan (Middle of Tunisia), were characterized through their fatty acid (FA) composition. Both nonpolar and polar lipid (PL) classes were considered. Results showed predominance of oleic acid (C18:1) from the fifth week after pollination (WAP) in different lipid classes, and from the 11th WAP in the PLs, while linoleic acid (C18:2) predominated until the eighth WAP. FAs of PLs predominated (94.1%) until the 10th WAP, whereas those of triacylglycerols accounted for 91.1% in fully ripe seeds. In ripe seeds, the main FAs were C18:1, C16:0 and C18:2 with about 73, 12 and 10%, respectively. Amounts of total FAs (of total lipids) decreased from the 16th WAP, revealing the beginning of lipase activation in overripe seeds.
ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF DIFFERENT SOLVENT EXTRACTS OF RICE BRAN AT ACCELERATED STORAGE OF SUNFLOWER OIL
Authors: CHATHA SHAHZAD ALI SHAHID , HUSSAIN ABDULLAH IJAZ , BAJWA JAWAD‐UR‐REHMAN , SAGIR MUHAMMAD 
Published: November 2006

ABSTRACT The antioxidant activity of different extracts of rice bran (var. Super Kernel) prepared using a number of solvents (100% methanol, 80% methanol, 100% acetone and 80% acetone) were evaluated in sunflower oil (SFO) under accelerated storage conditions. The crude concentrated extracts of rice bran were added at 600 mg/kg into refined, bleached and deodorized SFO samples and stored under accelerated (65C) conditions for 24 days. Analyses were done every 4 days, and the extent of oxidative deterioration was followed by measurement of activity index, peroxide, p‐anisidine, and conjugated diene and triene values. The overall order of antioxidant efficacy of rice bran extracts as determined by various antioxidant assays was 80% methanolic extract, >100% methanolic extract, >80% acetone extract and >100% acetone extract. The antioxidant activity of rice bran extracts might be attributed to the presence of phenolics and high contents of tocopherol. The results of the present comprehensive analysis demonstrated that extracts of the rice bran of Super Kernel, an indigenous cultivar of Pakistan, are a viable source of natural antioxidants and might be exploited for functional foods and nutraceutical applications.
SUPPLEMENTATION OF COW DIET WITH RAPESEED AND CARROTS: INFLUENCE ON FATTY ACID COMPOSITION AND CAROTENE CONTENT OF THE BUTTER FAT
Authors: SCHREINER MATTHIAS , WINDISCH WILHELM 
Published: November 2006

ABSTRACT A total of 32 Montpellier dairy cows were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments including a control, supplementation with ground rapeseed, carrots and both carrot and rapeseed. This was aimed in order to improve the butter quality with regard to spreadability and color. Milk samples were drawn after 2 and 4 weeks, respectively, churned and rendered to reconstitute the pure milk fat. Fat samples were analyzed for their fatty acid profiles and total carotene content. It was shown that the enrichment of carotene by feeding carrots counteracts the incorporation of unsaturated fatty acids. However, a time‐dependent adaptation to high levels of both carotene and unsaturated fatty acids was observed.
MULTIPLE PREFERENCE TESTS CAN PROVIDE MORE INFORMATION ON CONSUMER PREFERENCES*
Authors: WILKE KRISTINE D. , COCHRANE CHUN‐YEN CHANG , CHAMBERS EDGAR 
Published: November 2006

ABSTRACT Preference testing is used for a variety of reasons. Traditionally, a consumer completes one preference test. However, consumers may not be consistent in their preferences and, therefore, multiple preference tests would be necessary. This research investigated the preference responses of consumers during four preference tests on the same pair of products. Results showed that many of the consumers switched their preference through the series of four tests. Although the basic conclusion drawn from the first test or by any of the four tests was the same in this study, the overall percentages of consumers who preferred product “A” from the four tests were not always similar to one another, nor did the results of the first preference test show the degree of preference that existed for some products. Multiple preference tests may provide more information that is useful to researchers or marketers than a single preference test. Inconsistent responses should be included in data analysis to avoid distortion of preference patterns.
FLAVOR THRESHOLD AS AFFECTED BY INTERACTION AMONG THREE DAIRY‐RELATED FLAVOR COMPOUNDS*
Authors: ADHIKARI KOUSHIK , HEIN KAREN A. , ELMORE JANELLE R. , HEYMANN HILDEGARDE , WILLOTT AMY M. 
Published: November 2006

ABSTRACT The hypothesis of the present study was that the presence of one or more flavor compounds in a matrix would alter the perception (either enhance or suppress) of individual compounds as compared to a single flavor compound in a matrix. Thresholds were established for the flavor compounds (diacetyl, hexanal and δ‐decalactone) within each matrix; for each compound in the presence of a second compound; and for each compound in the presence of the remaining two compounds. An ascending order 2‐alternative forced choice test with 12 panelists was used for the evaluations. Results showed that diacetyl in water was suppressed by the presence of hexanal, but the presence of δ‐decalactone with hexanal reversed the trend. In the binary skim milk solutions diacetyl perception was enhanced, while being suppressed in the ternary solution. The perception of hexanal was enhanced in water (binary and ternary solutions). Hexanal and δ‐decalactone were suppressed in skim milk (binary and ternary solutions). δ‐Decalactone showed similar trends as hexanal in water, except that it was suppressed in the presence of diacetyl.
Macaque Multimeric Soluble CD40 Ligand and GITR Ligand Constructs Are Immunostimulatory Molecules In Vitro
Authors: Stone Geoffrey W. , Barzee Suzanne , Snarsky Victoria , Spina Celsa A. , Lifson Jeffrey D. , Pillai Vinod Kumar Bhaskara , Amara Rama Rao , Villinger François , Kornbluth Richard S. 
Published: November 2006

ABSTRACTCD40 ligand (CD40L) and GITR ligand (glucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor receptor-related protein ligand [GITRL]) are tumor necrosis factor superfamily molecules that can be used as vaccine adjuvants. In a previous human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) DNA vaccine study in mice, we found that plasmids expressing multimeric soluble forms of trimeric CD40L (i.e., many trimers) were stronger activators of CD8+T-cell responses than were single-trimer soluble forms or the natural membrane-bound molecule. This report describes similar multimeric soluble molecules that were constructed for studies in macaques. Both two-trimer and four-trimer forms of macaque CD40L were active in B-cell proliferation assays using macaque and human cells. With human cells, four-trimer macaque GITRL costimulated CD4+T-cell proliferation and abrogated the immunosuppressive effects of CD4+CD25+regulatory T cells on a mixed leukocyte reaction. These molecular adjuvants provide new tools for vaccine development in the simian immunodeficiency virus system and other macaque models.
Evaluation of an Enzyme Immunoassay for Detection of Dengue Virus NS1 Antigen in Human Serum
Authors: Dussart Philippe , Labeau Bhety , Lagathu Gisèle , Louis Philippe , Nunes Marcio R. T. , Rodrigues Sueli G. , Storck-Herrmann Cécile , Cesaire Raymond , Morvan Jacques , Flamand Marie , Baril Laurence 
Published: November 2006

ABSTRACT
We evaluated a one-step sandwich-format microplate enzyme immunoassay for detecting dengue virus NS1 antigen (Ag) in human serum by use of Platelia Dengue NS1 Ag kits (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Marnes La Coquette, France). We collected 299 serum samples from patients with dengue disease and 50 serum samples from patients not infected with dengue virus. For the 239 serum samples from patients with acute infections testing positive by reverse transcription-PCR and/or virus isolation for one of the four dengue virus serotypes, the sensitivity of the Platelia Dengue NS1 Ag kit was 88.7% (95% confidence interval, 84.0% to 92.4%). None of the serum samples from patients not infected with dengue virus tested positive with the Platelia Dengue NS1 Ag kit. A diagnostic strategy combining the Platelia Dengue NS1 Ag test for acute-phase sera and immunoglobulin M capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for early-convalescent-phase sera increased sensitivity only from 88.7% to 91.9%. Thus, NS1 antigen detection with the Platelia Dengue NS1 Ag kit could be used for first-line testing for acute dengue virus infection in clinical diagnostic laboratories.
Effect of Oral Administration ofButyrivibrio fibrisolvensMDT-1 on Experimental Enterocolitis in Mice
Authors: Ohkawara Sou , Furuya Hideki , Nagashima Kousuke , Asanuma Narito , Hino Tsuneo 
Published: November 2006

ABSTRACTButyrivibrio fibrisolvensMDT-1, a butyrate-producing strain, was evaluated for use as a probiotic to prevent enterocolitis. Oral administration of the MDT-1 strain (109CFU/dose) alleviated the symptoms of colitis (including body weight loss, diarrhea, bloody stool, organic disorder, and mucosal damage) that are induced in mice drinking water that contains 3.0% dextran sulfate sodium. In addition, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity levels in colonic tissue were reduced, suggesting that MDT-1 mitigates bowel inflammation. The addition of MDT-1 culture supernatant inhibited the growth of nine clinical isolates ofCampylobacter jejuniandCampylobacter colithat could potentially cause enterocolitis. Infection of mice withC. coli11580-3, one of the isolates inhibited by MDT-1 in vitro, resulted in diarrhea, mucosal damage, increased MPO activity levels in colonic tissue, increased numbers ofC. coliin the cecum, and decreased body weight gain. However, administration of MDT-1 to mice, prior to and duringC. coliinfection, reduced these effects. These results suggest thatCampylobacter-induced enterocolitis can be alleviated by usingB. fibrisolvensas a probiotic.
Relating cardiac performance with oxygen consumption: historical observations continue to spawn scientific discovery
Authors: Gutterman David D. , Cowley Allen W. 
Published: November 2006

This essay examines the historical significance of two APS classic papers that are freely available online: Neely JR, Liebermeister H, Battersby EJ, and Morgan HE. Effect of pressure development on oxygen consumption by isolated rat heart. Am J Physiol 212: 804–814, 1967 ( http://ajplegacy.physiology.org/cgi/reprint/212/4/804 ). Sarnoff SJ, Braunwald E, Welch GH Jr, Case RB, Stainsby WN, and Macruz R. Hemodynamic determinants of oxygen consumption of the heart with special reference to the tension-time index. Am J Physiol 192: 148–156, 1957 ( http://ajplegacy.physiology.org/cgi/reprint/192/1/148 ).
Towards a Model for a Virtual Reality Experience: The Virtual Subjectiveness
Authors: Parés Narcis , Parés Roc 
Published: November 2006

After analyzing how VR experiences are modeled within human computer interaction (CHI) we have found there is a deep theoretical gap. Similarly to how the scientific community has defined CHI models for multimedia applications, it would be very important to have such models for VR—obviously the standpoint cannot be the same because multimedia and VR applications differ in essence. Indeed, there is no formal model to unify the way in which scientists and designers of VR applications define their experiences. More specifically, apart from the isolated initial scheme defined by S.R. Ellis (Ellis, 1991, Computing Systems in Engineering, 2(4) 321–347; Ellis, 1993, Pictorial Communication in Virtual and Real Environment, 3–11), and a low level model defined by Latta and Oberg (Latta & Oberg, 1994, IEEE Computer Graphics & Applications, 14, 23–29), there is no model to fully describe the relationship with which the user will be experiencing the VR application. In this paper we shall explain where exactly we think this gap is found, which elements and concepts are involved in the definition of a model of experience, and finally propose a definition of a model that we think, eventually, will fill this gap.
‘Healthy Viewing?’: experiencing life and death through a voyeuristic gaze
Authors: Kendrick Kevin David , Costello John 
Published: November 2006

Recent times have witnessed a groundswell in the number of British television programmes that deal with the ‘real life’ experiences of people in various health care settings. Such programmes tend to focus upon the two interrelated strands of the experience of those who deliver professional care and those who are at the receiving end of it. The usual rationale given for such programmes is that they offer insights about the delivery of health care that are not readily accessible to members of the public. This article will look beneath the rationale and reasons offered by programme makers for the existence of such documentaries. It will explore insidious and questionable elements that go beyond revealing the ‘lived experience’ of professional carers and those for whom they care. Emerging from this is the challenging notion that such programmes deliver the opportunity to experience the vulnerability, suffering and even death of others through a voyeuristic gaze.
The Morality of Treating Patients with Depot Neuroleptics: the experience of community psychiatric nurses
Authors: Svedberg Bodil , Hällström Tore , Lützén Kim 
Published: November 2006

The aim of this qualitative study was to gain an understanding of the meaning that community psychiatric nurses impart to their everyday interactions with patients in depot neuroleptic treatment situations. Nine experienced community psychiatric nurses were interviewed using semistructured, open-ended questions. Data analysis was by the phenomenological descriptive method according to Giorgi. Four themes were identified, highlighting aspects of the moral meaning of treating patients with depot neuroleptics: (1) ‘benevolent justification’ occurs when nurses perceive that the patient’s welfare is at stake; (2) ‘inability to advocate the patients’ best interest’ occurs when nurses feel they are at a disadvantage; (3) ‘accommodative interactions’ occur when nurses are able to respond to a patient’s expressed needs; and (4) ‘acceptable advocacy’ occurs when physicians are sensitive to nurses’ suggestions on patients’ treatment. The findings indicate that treatment care planning involving both patients and nurses is essential to enhance patients’ autonomy, which is a precondition for satisfactory interactions. This phenomenological study describes the meaning that nurses give to administering depot neuroleptic injections to patients in the context of community psychiatric clinics. The phenomenon of concern was identified as the moral aspect in the interactions with individual patients in the treatment situation.
European Experiences of Ethics Committees
Authors: Tschudin Verena 
Published: November 2006

The term ‘ethics committees’ is used for very different things in different parts of the world. In Europe, ethics committees are generally concerned only with research and (apart from Belgium where the same committees deal with both aspects) do not have anything to do with decision making in clinical situations. This article traces the history of ethics committees in the UK and some of the problems encountered by them. It goes on to detail the situation in a number of other European countries. Some topics of research touched on and published in articles in Nursing Ethics are then highlighted, thus making it clear that it is written from my perspective as the Editor of Nursing Ethics and with the help of some of the members of the Editorial Board. Finally, a number of questions are asked and answers attempted concerning the interests served by ethics committees.