bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diabetes mellitus: medical and dental considerations
Authors: ROTHWELL BRUCE R. , RICHARD ELDON L. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYDiabetes mellitus is challenging to the clinician, researcher, and patient because of its complex pathogenesis, questionable cause, and often frustrating course of treatment. The two relatively distinct forms, adult‐onset and juvenile‐onset diabetes, can be considered separately because their cause, clinical course, and treatment is often radically different. Adult‐onset diabetes is most commonly seen in middle‐aged, overweight individuals and is generally easily managed by diet control and weight reduction. The chronic complications are rare, and patients experience a normal lifespan. Juvenile‐onset diabetes affects younger individuals and is associated with the classic triad of diabetes: polydipsia, polyuria, and polyphagia. Its course is more acute and associated with greater swings in blood glucose. Although insulin is the treatment of choice, maintenance of normoglycemia is often difficult. The chronic complications of diabetic neuropathologic, retinopathologic, and angiopathologic conditions, relatively constant features of juvenile‐onset diabetes, are somewhat independent of insulin control. The fasting blood glucose and oral glucose tolerance tests are used to diagnose diabetes, and the level of urine sugar is used as a measure of control.Specific oral problems have been noted with higher frequency in the diabetic population. The caries pattern seen in diabetics is related to xerostomia and results in rapidly advancing decay, affecting smooth and interdental surfaces. Periodontal disease is more common in diabetics, especially poorly controlled insulin‐dependent diabetics. These patients are more prone to the development of acute periodontal problems such as abscesses and the chronic, often rapidly progressive, destruction of the periodontal support apparatus. Dental treatment is directed toward the prevention of caries and periodontal disease through periodic dental care, daily use of topical fluoride, and meticulous oral hygiene.
Improved access to nonambulatory dental patients using extension tubing
Authors: ZOCCHI MARIO , JONES JUDITH A. , NIESSEN LINDA C. , PAIGE STEPHEN 
Published: March 2008

SummaryIn the absence of mobile equipment, access to dental services for nonambulatory people can be aided. A method of construction is described for both high‐speed, air‐water and high velocity evacuation. The extension device requires minimal maintenance and has not needed repairs. The extension devices also improved comfort of the dental staff.
Fractured condyle artifact
Authors: FLAXMAN NORMAN A. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryA patient treated for routine dental care had a medical history of temporoman‐dibular joint trauma. A pretreatment panoramic radiograph showed evidence of a fractured condyle; however, further radiographic testing showed no fracture and that the original fracture seen was an artifact. This artifact may have been caused by superimposition of ear cartilage over the mandibular condyle during radiography.By coincidence, the patient was injured in an area that fit the original radiographic observation of a condylar fracture. However, it would be rare to find a condyle with the distal portion fractured at the angle indicated on the radiograph, and unusual for such a condition to remain undetected for 9 years. Remodeling of the bone would have been expected, and this would affect the appearance of the supposed fracture.
Gender differences in suprathreshold taste scaling ability in an older population
Authors: WEISFUSE DEBORAH , CATALANOTTO FRANK A. , KAMEN SAUL 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYTaste sensitivity was evaluated by suprathreshold scaling of six concentrations each of sodium chloride, sucrose, citric acid, and quinine hydrochloride. Magnitude estimation was used as the method of scaling. The study group was composed of 22 males and 19 females were either patients (institutionalized) or staff members of the Jewish Institute for Geriatric Care.Data from each patient were used to compute individual slopes and Y‐intercepts of the log to log transformations for each solution sequence. The mean age of the persons who were institutionalized was significantly higher than that of the staff members. In addition, the mean age of the females was 10 years older than that of the males. The older adult males seemed to have impaired taste function that resulted in significant decreases in total perceived intensity of several taste solutions. No significant differences were shown in taste ability between the relatively healthy younger staff member subjects and the older, more infirm, institutionalized subjects.
Caries experience and level of restorative care among a handicapped population in Israel
Authors: MANN JONATHAN , CARLIN YAEL , CALL RICHARD L. , LAVIE GABRIEL , WOLNERMAN JOSEPH S. , GARFUNKEL ADI A. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYA total of 43 patients, aged 3 to 22. who have handicapping conditions were examined to determine caries level, level of restorative care, and oral hygiene. A strong correlation was found between caries and oral hygiene levels. No significant differences were found in caries levels between males and females, and low percentage of dental treatment received was found in the examined population.More emphasis should be put into the undergraduate curriculum on the treatment of handicapped populations, and that additional funding should be allocated to provide basic preventive care.
The effect of dental education and dental treatment on the dental status of a handicapped population: a longitudinal study
Authors: MANN JONATHAN , WOLNERMAN JOSEPH S. , LAVIE GABRIEL , CARLIN YAEL , MEIR SHIRLEY , GARFUNKEL ADI A. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThirty‐nine patients, aged 3 to 22, who have handicapping conditions were examined twice in a range of 1 1/2 years to determine oral hygiene level, periodontal treatment needs, and level of caries. During this period, each patient was given periodontal treatment, including scaling, caries treatment, and oral health education, which also was given to hospital staff members. Findings showed a slight increase in the DMF rate, a minor improvement in oral hygiene, and a significant reduction in periodontal treatment needs. The results showed that without cooperation of the staff members, a dental education program would not succeed in this setting.
Dental treatment in the child with acute leukemia: report of case
Authors: GOODMAN ELIZABETH D. , KAUFMAN ELIEZER , GALILI DAN 
Published: March 2008

SummaryDental treatment for the child with active leukemia may be considered a complex of dental, hematological, and behavior management factors that must be coordinated to provide a vital service to a vulnerable group of patients. This paper outlines the treatment implemented for such a patient.
Stimulated saliva and microbial growth in older adults
Authors: LASSILA VEIJO P. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryThe flow rate, pH, buffering capacity, and viscosity of stimulated whole saliva of 54 noninstitutionalized older people were determined. The subjects all wore removable dentures, complete or partial, and were 73 years old and older. The salivary flow rate of the men was found to be higher than that of the women, and particularly low buffering capacity values were observed in the men. Seventy percent of this population used one or several medications. Those subjects using medications had a decreased flow rate and an increased salivary viscosity. The occurrence of high Lactobacillus and yeast counts was connected with the low flow rate and the high viscosity of saliva.
Silver‐Russell syndrome: a report of case
Authors: BULLEN CARL B. , RUBENSTEIN LORETTA K. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTA case of an 8‐year‐old female with Silver‐Russell syndrome is presented. The clinical and radiographic manifestations of this syndrome are reviewed. The patient was treated for severely carious teeth and loss of space in the posterior quadrants. The treatment was complicated by the patient's small mouth and crowded dentition. Early eruption of the permanent teeth was noted and thought to be related to the syndrome but the literature did not confirm or contradict this possible theory. Treatment was aimed at restoring the remaining restorable teeth, preventing further space loss, and improving oral hygiene.
Physical abuse of a suspected emotionally disturbed child: a report of case
Authors: SARAVIA MARIO E. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTA 5‐year, 6‐month old black male came to the dental office for routine restorative dentistry. There were no orofacial signs of physical abuse. Because of the patient's previous uncontrollable behavior, a sedative premedication was administered intramuscularly into the left buttock. The injection site revealed several bruises. Further examination of lower back, buttocks, and legs showed a multitude of bruises. Dentists and auxiliary personnel should not limit their examination to the orofacial complex when administering medications to other parts of the body.
The hospital‐sponsored ambulatory dental services program, part I: an evaluation of patient access
Authors: KOCH ALMA L. , SCHOEN MAX H. , MARCUS MARVIN 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTThis article describes patient access to the Hospital‐Sponsored Ambulatory Dental Services Program (HSADSP), a 4‐year effort initiated in 1979 by the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. A major goal of the program was to provide comprehensive general dental care to underserved populations. Independent samples of 2,600 patients each, in 13 of the hospitals (200 patients per institution), were assessed at the beginning and end of the program to ascertain changes in dental care resulting from the expansion of the dental facilities and the support of general practice residents.According to data compiled by the evaluation team, patient volume increased by more than 15% from the first year of the program (baseline sample) to the period preceding the fourth year (final sample). Although the proportion of underserved patients accessing the program was high in both periods, the percentages of “special” patients, minority members, and the poor all decreased slightly during the study. At the same time, the proportion of episodic patients increased by 15% and the number of patients with private dental insurance increased at a lower rate than the national average. Counter to prior expectations, only about 20% to 35% of new patients accessing the dental clinics used the sponsoring hospital as a source of medical care, either inpatient or outpatient.The gains made in patient access to the HSADSP were lower than anticipated. There is little evidence that many of these hospital‐based general practices and residency programs would be able to sustain economic viability without innovative financing techniques or direct subsidy.
Oral health and the patient with dementia
Authors: Niessen Linda C. , Jones Judith A. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYApproximately 1.5 million people in the US have Alzheimer's disease. As the older population increases, the number of persons with Alzheimer's disease will also increase. The goal of the dental care provider, for these persons, is to maintain oral health despite a setting of physical and cognitive decline. Providing dental care to patients with a dementing illness will require modification of patient management techniques, particularly a greater use of nonverbal communication and an alteration in verbal communication patterns. Appropriate treatment planning and aggressive prevention are critical to the maintenance of their oral health.
Prevention of self‐inflicted trauma: dental intervention to prevent chronic lip chewing by a patient with a diagnosis of progressive bulbar palsy
Authors: ROVER BILLY C. , MORGANO STEVEN M. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTAn appliance is used as a beginning in the prevention of self‐mutilative oral behavior. The patient in the case reported here required a quick solution to a severe problem of self‐inflicted trauma. The design presented here can be improved on or an altogether new approach may be developed.
The immunoperoxidase method for the rapid diagnosis of intraoral herpes simplex virus infection in patients receiving bone marrow transplants
Authors: FLAITZ CATHERINE M. , HAMMOND HAROLD L. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTBone marrow transplant patients (N = 12) with oral lesions consistent with herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection were studied to compare the sensitivity of two rapid cytodiagnostic methods with viral cultures. Routine viral cultures and exfoliative cytology smears were prepared for microscopic evaluation using the Papanicolaou method and an immmunoperoxidase staining technique for detection of HSV type 1.Patients with a positive viral culture (N = 10) showed positive staining for HSV, using the immunoperoxidase technique. Multinucleated giant epithelial cells were observed in only seven of the ten positive specimens, using the Papanicolaou method. The results from this preliminary study suggest that the immunoperoxidase method may provide the dentist with a reliable and rapid approach for the diagnosis of intraoral HSV.
Successful use of a feeding obturator for an infant with a cleft palate
Authors: GOLDBERG WENDY B. , FERGUSON FRED S. , MILES RICHARD J. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTThe report of case presents the postnatal and early infancy period for a child born with a cleft of the soft palate. The infant was admitted to the hospital several times for failure to thrive as a result of feeding difficulties. The feeding problems resulted from both the cleft and a lack of consistent and concerted effort by the family to nourish the infant. When the child was 3 months old, a feeding obturator was constructed that resulted in improvement in the child's weight gain. The feeding problems of an infant with a cleft palate and the pressures that these problems present to the parents are discussed.
Maternal perceptions of child behavior: handicappec versus nonhandicapped
Authors: WILSON STEPHEN , SCHRECK ANN 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTThis study compares the ratings of child behavior in short stories by mothers of children with handicapping conditions versus those whose children had no handicapping conditions. Each of the mothers rated 12 short stories or vignettes and indicated their self‐perceived level of stress. The results showed that the mothers of children with handicapping conditions expressed significantly greater stress levels and rated inappropriate child behavior in a more tolerant fashion than the mothers of children without handicapping conditions. This information may be of value to the dentist who treats patients with handicapping conditions, and it provides a greater understanding of the mothers' concerns and daily life stresses.
The patient with cancer: social and clinical perspectives for the dentist
Authors: STRAUSS RONALD P. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTDentists can have a significant role in the care of individuals with cancer. They detect and provide treatment for patients with head and neck cancer and routinely provide oral care to patients who have other forms of cancer. This paper addresses the social, clinical, and psychological responses to cancer and considers the patient's understandings of prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. The findings in this paper are based on intensive interviews with 42 patients with cancer and family members, sociological participant‐observation of oral and maxillofacial rehabilitation of the patient with head and neck cancer in major teaching hospital settings, and a review of the literature. Cancer was associated with an uncertain course and prognosis, made more problematic by imagery, fear, and fatalism. Patient behaviors, including delayed care seeking, are related to understandings of cancer and the social and family interactions that may occur around the disease. Professional role dilemmas, strategies toward informing patients of their cancer, and dealing with death are considered as issues dentists may face in care of the patient with cancer.
The dental manager's role in a hospital
Authors: Wasserman Burton S. , Laster Gail 
Published: March 2008

Ten years ago, the administrative leadership of Booth Memorial Medical Center recognized the institution's potential for growth in a rapidly changing economic environment. A decision was made to develop strong middle management to encourage excellence, efficiency, and accountability.It was determined that the strength of the midsection of the hospital's administration could keep the hospital stable and lean, to withstand the pressures of inflation and regulatory restraints.
Effects of age and removable artificial dentition on taste
Authors: Wayler Alan H. , Perlmuter Lawrence C. , Cardello Armand V. , Jones Judith A. , Chauncey Howard H. 
Published: March 2008

Sodium chloride and sucrose gustatory recognition thresholds, suprathreshold taste intensity function, and sucrose suprathreshold taste preference in healthy adult males with removable artificial dentition were compared with persons having natural dentition. In addition, several inorganic salivary constituents were evaluated for their possible relationship with these modalities.The 75 participants studied were divided into two age and two dentition groups: less than 65 years versus 65 years and older; and natural dentition only versus either removable partial dentures or complete artificial dentition. Recognition threshold and suprathreshold psychophysical functions were assessed using aqueous solutions of sodium chloride and sucrose. Suprathreshold hedonic judgments were also determined for sucrose. Samples of stimulated parotid saliva were analyzed for sodium, potassium, and bicarbonate.As age increased, a statistically significant decrease was noted in the exponent of the psychophysical function for sodium chloride. A similar, but nonsignificant, trend was observed for sucrose, which was complicated by an interaction between age and dentition status. For sodium chloride, recognition thresholds tended to be higher for older persons with removable partial and complete dentures. However, no statistically significant effect was observed on the sucrose threshold or hedonic response as a result of dentition status. Analysis of several parotid saliva constituents showed no statistically significant effect caused by age or dentition status and correlations noted among the psychophysical measures appeared to be fortuitous.
Self‐inflicted oral trauma: report of case
Authors: Croglio David P. , Thines Terrence J. , Fleischer Michael S. , Anders Patrick L. 
Published: March 2008

Self‐inflicted oral trauma is often encountered in patients who lack cerebral control over the masticatory cycle. Many factors must be considered in treatment, and a variety of appliances may be fabricated to prevent injury to oral structures. This case report documents the use of a soft acrylic appliance in treatment of a comatose patient who showed ruminatory reflex chewing.This case report demonstrated successful use of a soft acrylic mouthguard material as an intraoral appliance. The appliance was designed and fabricated in accordance with previously mentioned guidelines (Table). Fabrication, insertion, and maintenance was uncomplicated and noninvasive. Periodic examinations over a 6‐month period have demonstrated resolution of the oral lesion and a high level of tolerance of the appliance.
Maxillofacial plasmacytoma resulting in intraoral hemorrhage in a patient with multiple myeloma
Authors: Sirois David A. , Cohen S. Gary , Greenberg Martin S. 
Published: March 2008

Oral symptoms of multiple myeloma are common. A patient with refractory multiple myeloma is described because of his unusual orofacial manifestations, including severe intraoral hemorrhage, a massive, erosive maxillofacial lesion with extension into the cranial fossa, and rapid growth of a large intraoral mass.SummaryThis case report describes the presentation and management of a patient with end‐stage multiple myeloma and severe intraoral hemorrhage. It is interesting because of the rapid growth of the mass, the extension into the para‐nasal sinuses and cranial fossa, and the threatening intraoral hemorrhage. The noninvasive management of this patient's bleeding and evaluation of the mass was essential to minimize the possibility of exacerbating the life‐threatening hemorrhage.
Prevalence and demographic correlates of tooth loss among the elderly in the United States
Authors: Marcus Stephen E. , Kaste Linda M. , Brown L. Jackson 
Published: March 2008

The aging of the United States population and the contribution of tooth loss to oral health make it important to describe tooth loss among the elderly in this country. Data from the National Survey of Oral Health in US Employed Adults and Seniors: 1985–1986, conducted by the National Institute of Dental Research, were analyzed to examine the prevalence and demographic correlates of tooth loss among the elderly.Results show that there were important differences in tooth loss among subgroups of the elderly sample (overall n = 5,649 persons aged 65+ years attending senior centers). The oldest seniors and those with the least education or income were the most likely to be edentulous. The oldest dentulous seniors, blacks, those with the least education or income, and those who lived in New England or the Northeast had the fewest number of teeth present.These findings suggest that efforts to reduce tooth loss among the elderly should target those with the least education and income.
Anticipatory stress reduction among chronic pain patients
Authors: Logan Henrietta L. , Risner Alicia , Muller Patrick 
Published: March 2008

Stress has long been viewed as a contributor to the pain experienced by chronic pain patients. The purpose of this research was to study the relationship between anticipated and experienced stress and anticipated and experienced pain levels among three patient groups: chronic pain patients, patients about to receive molar extraction (acute pain group), and a no‐pain comparison group. Results showed that chronic pain patients anticipated significantly more stress than did an acute pain or a non‐pain comparison patient group but reported non‐significant differences in the actual level of stress experienced. A secondary purpose of this study was to examine cognitive factors, such as perceived daily hassles, which may contribute to this increased anticipatory stress. Results showed that there was consistency among the chronic pain patients as to the types of anticipated stressors, which were similar to those previously reported by chronic headache sufferers.1 The chronic pain group had significantly higher scores than the two remaining groups on the stress they anticipated from hassles related both to practical considerations (F2,45= 3.5, p c 0.05) and to health (F2,45= 9.37, p < 0.001). Strategies the dentist can use in combination with dental therapy to reduce cognitive‐based anticipatory stress as well as strategies for collaboration with the patient and a mental health therapist are discussed.SummaryThis research shows that elevated levels of anticipatory stress mark this chronic orofacial patient group. Specific stressors such as maintaining high standards and wasting time seem to be one source of this anticipatory stress. Dentists are encouraged to combine their dental therapy with referral to a mental health care professional and to use simple psychological interventions such as guided imagery, deep breathing, and positive self‐talk. These strategies can effectively reduce this patient group's anticipatory stress and its resulting deleterious effects.