bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Warunki występowania erozji w obszarze stacji narciarskich w Karpatach Polskich
Authors: Piątek Dawid , Krzemień Kazimierz , Gołąb Agata 
Published: March 2024

Wzrost popularności turystyki narciarskiej wpływa na intensywny rozwój stacji narciarskich, w szczególności tych posiadających koleje linowe. W literaturze szeroko opisywane są przyrodnicze skutki narciarstwa, również wpływ na rzeźbę terenu. Jednakże, nie ma opracowań wskazujących stacje narciarskie jako obszary o zwiększonej podatności na erozję oraz skalę przestrzenną tego zjawiska. Celem badań było poznanie warunków wystąpienia erozji oraz intensywnego przeobrażania stoków w strefie stacji narciarskich na przykładzie Karpat Polskich. W tym celu, z wykorzystaniem danych GUGiK, oprogramowania GIS oraz metod statystycznych przeprowadzono analizę liczby, położenia i morfologii stoków narciarskich oraz sposobów ich utrzymania. Dokonano również podziału stacji narciarskich ze względu na typy rzeźby w ich otoczeniu oraz dominujące procesy morfogenetyczne. Uzyskane parametry morfometryczne oraz dane o infrastrukturze stacji narciarskich wykorzystano w analizie składowych głównych (PCA), która pozwoliła na wytypowanie stacji narciarskich o największej podatności na erozję w Karpatach Polskich. Otrzymane wyniki wskazują, że stacje narciarskie w masywie Skrzycznego charakteryzują się największym zagrożeniem wystąpienia erozji. Zwrócono również uwagę na duży potencjał erozyjny stacji na Kasprowym Wierchu oraz stacji w najwyższych partiach Beskidów. Wykazano, że najmniejszy potencjał erozyjny cechuje nisko położone, niewielkie stacje narciarskie. Badania wskazują również na istotną rolę sztucznego naśnieżania oraz występowania nieciągłej pokrywy roślinnej na warunki wystąpienia erozji w obszarze nartostrad niezależnie od energii rzeźby.
Digital Content Creation: An Analysis of the Impact of Recommendation Systems
Authors: Qian Kun , Jain Sanjay 
Published: March 2024

The success of digital content platforms, such as YouTube, relies on both the creativity of independent content creators and the efficiency of content distribution. By sharing advertising revenue with content creators, these platforms can motivate creators to exert greater effort. Most platforms use recommendation systems to deliver personalized content recommendations to each consumer. As creators’ revenues are contingent on their demand, the demand allocation criteria inherent in the recommendation system can influence their content creation behavior. In this paper, we investigate the influence of a platform’s recommendation system on revenue-sharing plans, content creation, profits, and welfare. Our results show that a platform could benefit by biasing recommendations, that is, recommending content that is not an ideal match to a consumer’s preference, to incentivize creators to produce better-quality content. We refer to this as a biased recommendation strategy. Interestingly, we find that such a biased recommendation strategy may lead to a win-win in which the platform, consumers, and content creators can benefit. Our study also shows that consumers may be worse off when they are more knowledgeable and less dependent on the recommendation system. In addition, the platform, consumers, and creators can benefit when the platform has more accurate information on consumer preferences. This paper was accepted by Raphael Thomadsen, marketing. Supplemental Material: The online appendices are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.03655 .
Multiportfolio Optimization: A Fairness-Aware Target-Oriented Model
Authors: Cai Xiaoqiang , Long Daniel Zhuoyu , Yu Gen , Zhang Lianmin 
Published: March 2024

Problem definition: We consider a multiportfolio optimization problem in which nonlinear market impact costs result in a strong dependency of one account’s performance on the trading activities of the other accounts. Methodology/results: We develop a novel target-oriented model that jointly optimizes the rebalancing trades and the split of market impact costs. The key advantages of our proposed model include the consideration of clients’ targets on investment returns and the incorporation of distributional uncertainty. The former helps fund managers to circumvent the difficulty in identifying clients’ utility functions or risk parameters, whereas the latter addresses a practical challenge that the probability distribution of risky asset returns cannot be fully observed. Specifically, to evaluate the quality of multiple portfolios’ investment payoffs in achieving targets, we propose a new class of performance measures, called fairness-aware multiparticipant satisficing (FMS) criteria. These criteria can be extended to encompass distributional uncertainty and have the salient feature of addressing the fairness issue with the collective satisficing level as determined by the least satisfied participant. We find that, structurally, the FMS criteria have a dual connection with a set of risk measures. For multiportfolio optimization, we consider the FMS criterion with conditional value-at-risk being the underlying risk measure to further account for the magnitude of shortfalls against targets. The resulting problem, although nonconvex, can be solved efficiently by solving an equivalent converging sequence of tractable subproblems. Managerial implications: For the multiportfolio optimization problem, the numerical study shows that our approach outperforms utility-based models in achieving targets and in out-of-sample performance. More generally, the proposed FMS criteria provide a new decision framework for operational problems in which the decision makers are target-oriented rather than being utility maximizers and issues of fairness and ambiguity should be considered. Funding: This work was supported by the Hong Kong Research Grants Council [Grants 14210821, 16204521], Leading Talent Program of Guangdong Province [Grant 2016LJ06D703], and the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grants 71971187, 72171156, 72231002, 72331009]. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2021.0363 .
Numerical analysis and early detection of Plasmodium falciparum using a high performance plasmonic biosensor with an external sensing approach
Authors: Fatema Tazin , Arafin Sumaya , Rahman Sohanur , Hassan Md. Walid 
Published: March 2024

The authors propose a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor based on photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) using three hexagonal ring lattices. The sensor can detect biomolecules with maximum wavelength and amplitude sensitivities of 23,000 nm/RIU and 1310.93RIU−1, respectively, in the RI range of 1.32 to 1.42. It can detect infected red blood cells with Plasmodium falciparum for RIs of 1.402, 1.373, 1.395, and 1.383 in various malaria-infected red blood cell stages, including ring phase, trophozoite phase, and schizont phase. Furthermore, the sensor will be able to detect biomolecules such as viruses, proteins, DNA/RNA strands, acetone, ethanol, hexane, isopropanol, hexanol, formic acid, allyl cyanide, and others in its range. With these impressive results and identification capacity, the proposed sensor would benefit the biomaterial field and be appropriate for the early identification of malaria disease.
Peripheral immune cell traits and Parkinson’s disease: A Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Tian Jie , Zuo Chunyan , Shi Jingjing , Ma Dongrui , Shi Changhe 
Published: March 2024

Background
The peripheral immune system is altered in Parkinson’s disease (PD), but the causal relationship between the two remains controversial. In this study, we aimed to estimate the causal relationship between peripheral immune features and PD using a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach.

Methods
Genome-wide association study (GWAS) data of peripheral blood immune signatures from European populations were used for exposure and PD summary statistics were used as results. We conducted a two-sample MR study using the inverse-variance weighted (IVW), MR-Egger, and weighted median methods to evaluate the causal association between these factors. MR-Egger and MR-PRESSO were used for sensitivity analysis to test and correct horizontal pleiotropy.

Results
A total of 731 immune traits were analyzed for association with PD using three MR methods. After adjustment for FDR, we observed four peripheral immunological features associated with PD using the IVW method, including expression of CX3CR1 on monocytes [OR: 0.85, 95% CI: (0.81, 0.91), P = 6.56E-07] and CX3CR1 on CD14+CD16+ monocytes [OR: 0.87, 95% CI: (0.82, 0.93), P = 9.95E-06].

Conclusions
Our study further revealed the important role of monocytes in PD and indicated that CX3CR1 expression on monocytes is associated with a reduced risk of PD.
What is the impact of long-term COVID-19 on workers in healthcare settings? A rapid systematic review of current evidence
Authors: Cruickshank Moira , Brazzelli Miriam , Manson Paul , Torrance Nicola , Grant Aileen 
Published: March 2024

Background
Long COVID is a devastating, long-term, debilitating illness which disproportionately affects healthcare workers, due to the nature of their work. There is currently limited evidence specific to healthcare workers about the experience of living with Long COVID, or its prevalence, pattern of recovery or impact on healthcare.

Objective
Our objective was to assess the effects of Long COVID among healthcare workers and its impact on health status, working lives, personal circumstances, and use of health service resources.

Methods
We conducted a systematic rapid review according to current methodological standards and reported it in adherence to the PRISMA 2020 and ENTREQ statements.

Results
We searched relevant electronic databases and identified 3770 articles of which two studies providing qualitative evidence and 28 survey studies providing quantitative evidence were eligible. Thematic analysis of the two qualitative studies identified five themes: uncertainty about symptoms, difficulty accessing services, importance of being listened to and supported, patient versus professional identity and suggestions to improve communication and services for people with Long COVID. Common long-term symptoms in the survey studies included fatigue, headache, loss of taste and/or smell, breathlessness, dyspnoea, difficulty concentrating, depression and anxiety.

Conclusion
Healthcare workers struggled with their dual identity (patient/doctor) and felt dismissed or not taken seriously by their doctors. Our findings are in line with those in the literature showing that there are barriers to healthcare professionals accessing healthcare and highlighting the challenges of receiving care due to their professional role. A more representative approach in Long COVID research is needed to reflect the diverse nature of healthcare staff and their occupations. This rapid review was conducted using robust methods with the codicil that the pace of research into Long COVID may mean relevant evidence was not identified.
Observatory: Characterizing Embeddings of Relational Tables
Authors: Cong Tianji , Hulsebos Madelon , Sun Zhenjie , Groth Paul , Jagadish H. V. 
Published: March 2024

Language models and specialized table embedding models have recently demonstrated strong performance on many tasks over tabular data. Researchers and practitioners are keen to leverage these models in many new application contexts; but limited understanding of the strengths and weaknesses of these models, and the table representations they generate, makes the process of finding a suitable model for a given task reliant on trial and error. There is an urgent need to gain a comprehensive understanding of these models to minimize inefficiency and failures in downstream usage.
To address this need, we propose Observatory, a formal framework to systematically analyze embedding representations of relational tables. Motivated both by invariants of the relational data model and by statistical considerations regarding data distributions, we define eight primitive properties, and corresponding measures to quantitatively characterize table embeddings for these properties. Based on these properties, we define an extensible framework to evaluate language and table embedding models. We collect and synthesize a suite of datasets and use Observatory to analyze nine such models. Our analysis provides insights into the strengths and weaknesses of learned representations over tables. We find, for example, that some models are sensitive to table structure such as column order, that functional dependencies are rarely reflected in embeddings, and that specialized table embedding models have relatively lower sample fidelity. Such insights help researchers and practitioners better anticipate model behaviors and select appropriate models for their downstream tasks, while guiding researchers in the development of new models.
The Fiscal Multiplier of Public Investment: The Role of Corporate Balance Sheet
Authors: Espinoza Raphael , Gamboa-Arbelaez Juliana , Sy Mouhamadou 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This paper explores whether public investment crowds out or crowds in private investment. To this aim, we build a database of about half a million firms from 49 countries. We find that the effect of public investment on corporate investment depends on leverage, liquidity constraint, and firm’s operating (labor) efficiency. In line with theory, public investment boosts private investment for firms with low leverage, but not for firms with high leverage, for firms that are financially constrained or that have low operating efficiency.
The stability of 65 biochemistry analytes in plasma, serum, and whole blood
Authors: Zhou Janet , Fabros Anselmo , Lam Sarah Jane , Coro Anna , Selvaratnam Rajeevan , Brinc Davor , Di Meo Ashley 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Objectives
The pre-analytical stability of various biochemical analytes requires careful consideration, as it can lead to the release of erroneous laboratory results. There is currently significant variability in the literature regarding the pre-analytical stability of various analytes. The aim of this study was to determine the pre-analytical stability of 65 analytes in whole blood, serum and plasma using a standardized approach.

Methods
Blood samples were collected from 30 healthy volunteers (10 volunteers per analyte) into five vacutainers; either SST, Li-heparin, K2-EDTA, or Na-fluoride/K-oxalate. Several conditions were tested, including delayed centrifugation with storage of whole blood at room temperature (RT) for 8 h, delayed centrifugation with storage of whole blood at RT or 4 °C for 24 h, and immediate centrifugation with storage of plasma or serum at RT for 24 h. Percent deviation (% PD) from baseline was calculated for each analyte and compared to the maximum permissible instability (MPI) derived from intra- and inter-individual biological variation.

Results
The majority of the analytes evaluated remained stable across all vacutainer types, temperatures, and timepoints tested. Glucose, potassium, and aspartate aminotransferase, among others, were significantly impacted by delayed centrifugation, having been found to be unstable in whole blood specimens stored at room temperature for 8 h.

Conclusions
The data presented provides insight into the pre-analytical variables that impact the stability of routine biochemical analytes. This study may help to reduce the frequency of erroneous laboratory results released due to exceeded stability and reduce unnecessary repeat phlebotomy for analytes that remain stable despite delayed processing.
School Fees and Vouchers when Quality of Education Matters
Authors: Balestrino Alessandro , Grazzini Lisa , Luporini Annalisa 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to analyse the role that quantity and quality of education may play in the design of public policies. In our model, educated people enjoy a premium on their incomes, and education generates a positive externality for the society. Households live in two areas with different socio-economic characteristics. Altruistic parents choose both the amount and the quality of schooling they want for their children, ignoring the external effect. The latter is, instead, taken into account by the government, which is assumed to provide a composite education service that has a quantity as well as a quality dimension, and is financed mainly via taxes on the income of the parents. We investigate the effects on welfare of balanced-budget policy reforms aimed at introducing or raising i) school fees, and ii) vouchers meant to compensate the costs of attending high-quality schools. We show that, if the external effects are not considered, school fees improve private parental welfare while vouchers do not. Parental altruism is not enough to support high levels of quantity and quality of education. The consideration of social welfare, i.e. inclusive of the impact of the externality, somewhat mitigates the above results, by favouring lower (albeit positive) fees and allowing vouchers to increase social welfare under some circumstances.
Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Illicium verum extract: Optimization and characterization for biomedical applications
Authors: Velmurugan Palanivel , Muruganandham Moorthy , Sivasubramanian Kanagasabapathy , Mohanavel Vinayagam , Chinnathambi Arunachalam , Alharbi Sulaiman Ali , Basavegowda Nagaraj 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The synthesis of noble metal nanoparticles is currently experiencing substantial development and considerable attention. Plant extracts are commonly used for the biological synthesis of nanoparticles because they contain biologically active constituents. In our present study, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized using an aqueous Illicium verum (Star anise) extract to evaluate their antimicrobial, antioxidant, and cytotoxicity activities. For maximum yields of AgNPs, the extract (2.5 ml), silver ions (500 µM), and pH (8) were shown to be the ideal nanoparticle production parameters. The visual colour shifted from pale brown to dark brown when the ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer was used to validate the synthesis of AgNPs. A transmission electron microscope was utilized to evaluate nanoparticles’ physical nature. The presence of silver metal with face-centred cubic symmetry was confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy was used to identify the functional groups in charge of reducing silver ions (Ag+) and the stability of AgNPs produced using the I. verum aqueous extract. The agar well diffusion method investigated the antibacterial activity of I. verum silver nanoparticles (Iv-AgNPs) against pathogenic bacteria and fungi. At higher doses (100 µg·mL−1), the highest zone of inhibition was observed, and spherical AgNPs demonstrated the antibacterial activity. The I. verum extract and Iv-AgNPs enhanced (70%) their free radical scavenging activity at 500 µg·mL−1 according to the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay. Moreover, the cytotoxicity of Iv-AgNPs against the HCT-116 human colon cancer cell line indicated cell inhibition in a dose-dependent manner. Ultimately, the findings of this study indicate that techniques used to produce AgNPs are environmental friendly, cost-effective, harmless, uncomplicated, and can effectively tackle a broad spectrum of medical and nutritional concerns.
The effectiveness of badging systems in engaging, motivating, and incentivizing students in the mastery of nursing licensure materials
Authors: Borines Zarah , Adare-tasiwoopa api Sierra 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Integrating gamification methods into undergraduate nursing programs has prepared students to pass the nursing comprehensive predictor test and the licensure examination.

Literature review
Research demonstrates that the motivational factors of game elements like badging and leaderboards are of great value and utility to student engagement and motivation. The badges symbolize achievement, authority, and belonging, whereas leaderboards rank students based on different levels of course engagement.

Discussion
This paper explores the benefits, challenges, and strategies of incorporating digital badges and leaderboards in the undergraduate program. Immersion courses preparing students for professional practice are usually one of the last didactic courses offered in the undergraduate curriculum, designed to integrate all knowledge gained from the nursing program.

Implications for an international audience
The digital badging system can encourage nurse educators globally to engage, motivate, and power students to achieve professional goals. Furthermore, nursing programs worldwide can benefit from adding digital badges and leaderboards to final semester preparatory courses or any nursing course with the same emphasis.

Conclusions
Digital badges and leaderboards engage and motivate students to integrate knowledge and skills learned in the nursing program and successfully master nurse licensure materials.
Ending 1990s Law and Development Ideas, Paradox of Path Dependence In Economic Planning Institutions Under Covid-19: SA’s Response
Authors: Pooe T. K. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This paper argues that the COVID-19 pandemic can and should be understood as a form of creative destruction (Schumpeter’s gale), at a hyper level owing to its biological/medical dimension. Therefore, the critical response to such a hyper force is to rethink how institutions administer Public Policy in South Africa (Path Dependency), most importantly economic development planning institutions and Covid-19 responses, in the form of ‘The Economic Reconstruction and Recovery Plan’. It’s the contention of this paper that the reason why Covid-19 continues to impact the South African government’s economic planning ethos is anchored in its developmental orientation, particularly how constitutional legalism has impaired economic development planning. This could impart be due to the unaddressed influences of the initial waves of Law and Development post-1994. The South African experience with the initial waves of Law and Development were muted owing to the problematic nature of the 1994 transition which sought peace at all costs without necessary addressing substantive economic development reform considerations. Therefore, using the policy experiences of Covid-19 and Lee’s, General Theory of Law and Development, particularly the aspects of Development and State Capacity and Political Will, a revision of the South African Constitution will be called on, principally chapter’s 2 and 6 (Bill of Rights) and (Province).
Intellectual Property and Health Technological Innovations at the time of the Pandemic
Authors: Naim Nadia , Chan Hui Yun 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Technological innovations at the time of the pandemic and post pandemic is the focus of this paper which examines the relationship between intellectual property (IP), artificial intelligence (AI) and the healthcare sector. Research in this area includes the rapidly growing artificial intelligence industries in the healthcare sector and the impact of intellectual property protection on emerging technologies. Taking an interdisciplinary and diverse perspective, this paper enriches the evolving scope of ethical discourse literature by focusing on intellectual property assets that use AI and regulation that shape the healthcare sector. Considering the gap between law and development theory and practice, this paper bridges academic knowledge in unpacking ethical and governance issues in the intellectual property industry, healthcare law and emerging technologies. Unpacking these issues is important in the law and development context as ethical issues that arise from emerging technologies using AI systems and the responses from policymakers in governing their developments create long-term implications to individuals and populations. Governance responses often vary according to the local contexts, and are dependent on the unique socio-cultural structures, institutional organisations and legal frameworks.