bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Haemodynamic Effects of Low Doses of Female Sex Steroids
Authors: Walters William A. W. , Cain Deirdre 
Published: February 2008

Summary: Haemodynamic changes were monitored serially in 3 groups of healthy young women taking (i) a combined oestrogen‐gestagen oral contraceptive containing a low dose of oestrogen, (ii) an oestrogen alone and (iii) a gestagen alone. Similar significant increases in plasma volume occurred in those women taking the combined preparation and in those taking the oestrogen. A small but significant decrease in forearm blood flow occurred in subjects taking the combined oral contraceptive. Cardiac output, blood pressure, heart rate and hand blood flow did not alter significantly in any of the 3 groups of subjects, while body weight increased in the subjects taking gestagen alone.It is concluded that the combined oestrogen‐gestagen oral contraceptives containing 50 μg. of oestrogen result in minimal haemodynamic side effects, and hence are safer than the older combined preparations containing a higher dose of oestrogen. The increase in plasma volume observed was due to oestrogen rather than gestagen. No additional information was obtained concerning the site of sex steroid action in the cardio‐vascular system.
Changes in the Cervico‐vaginal Epithelium in Gestational Megaloblastic Anaemia
Authors: Blackledge David , Goodall H. B. 
Published: February 2008

Summary: In gestational megaloblastic anaemia cervical and vaginal epithelial cells may undergo characteristic changes; the nucleus is enlarged and hypo‐chromatic, but features associated with infection or malignancy are not found. These changes have been assessed quantitatively by the measurement of nuclear diameters on Papanicolaou preparations. Comparison between cases and controls shows a highly significant difference. Studies on a folate‐deficient subgroup in the control series indicate that this dysplasia may occur insidiously.Three patients presented with vulvo‐vaginitis, glossitis and angular stomatitis. This was reversed by folate therapy alone.The possibility that folate deficiency may cause some cells to be vulnerable to potential carcinogens is disussed.
White Gland Openings of the Uterine Cervix — A Colposcopic, Cytological and Pathological Study
Authors: Puig‐Tintoré Luis M. , Gonzalez‐Merlo Jesus 
Published: February 2008

Summary: The significance of the gland openings with a white ring, in the colposcopic transformation zone, is reviewed and its importance discussed.This picture was present in 9.8% of colposcopic examinations on 914 patients selected on cytological and/or clinical basis. In these 90 patients cytology suggested mild dysplasia in 22.4% and severe dysplasia, carcinoma in situ or invasive carcinoma in 14.4%. Histological study in 73 of the 90 patients showed mild dysplasia in 20.5%, severe dysplasia in 13.7%, carcinoma in situ in 9.6% and invasive carcinoma in 1.3%.We were impressed by the fact that these carcinomas showed very striking, easily identifiable glandular openings. We believe that the colposcopic study of the white gland openings is important, since they can be the only site where lesions are detected.
Mucinous Cystatlenoma of the Ovary in a Patient With Laurence‐Moon‐Biedl Syndrome — A New Association?
Authors: Warne G. L. , McDonald I. A. , Martin F. I. R. 
Published: February 2008

Summary: A female aged 26, with the Laurence‐Moon‐Biedl syndrome, presented with massive abdominal enlargement of 5 years' duration. At laparotomy a huge mucinous cystadenoma weighing 19 kg. was found in the left ovary and broad ligament. The post‐operative course was uneventful.This is the first report of an ovarian tumor in a patient with the Laurence‐Moon‐Biedl syndrome, and may be of a relevance in that an increased incidence of ovarian tumors has been found in patients with ovarian dysgenesis (Turner's syndrome).
The Prognosis of Carcinoma of the Cervix with Particular Reference to Infection
Authors: Davy Margaret 
Published: February 2008

Summary: 150 case records of patients with Stage 1 and Stage 2 cervical carcinoma were reviewed to discover whether genital tract infection influenced the prognosis.74 patients with no pyrexia had a 70% survival rate. 47 patients with pyrexia from any source had a survival rate of 45%. 14 patients with frank genital tract infection had a 15% survival rate.It is suggested that prophylactic antibiotic treatment may be desirable before and during the first intra‐cavitary treatment.
Histophotometric Determination of Near‐Triploidy in Products of Conception Including Hydatidiform Moles
Authors: Atkin N. B. 
Published: February 2008

Summary: Histological sections cut at 50μ, of material from three products of conception showed evidence of triploidy when the DNA contents of the nuclei were measured by a photometric technique in which the cells were flattened by the use of a crushing condenser. A partial mole and a spontaneous abortion showed clear modes in the triploid region. A hydatidiform mole which persisted following evacuation, necessitating cytotoxic therapy, had a wider distribution with evidence for the presence of cells in the diploid, triploid and tetraploid regions.The possible value of this technique in evaluating ploidy levels in products of conception, particularly where chromosome studies are not possible, is discussed.
The Treatment of Recurrent Cervical Cancer
Authors: Kitchen D. H. 
Published: February 2008

Summary: A retrospective study was made of 110 patients treated for recurrent cervical cancer at National Women's Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand, between 1946 and 1970. The methods of re‐treatment tended to be conservative and gave comparable results to those obtained from other centres where a more aggressive policy was followed.The patient who receives treatment for recurrent cancer of the cervix may have a small chance of cure, even if only palliation is intended, and has a definite advantage over the patient who receives no treatment.
Utilization of the Mass Screening Programme for Cervical Cancer in N.S.W.
Authors: Pacey N. F. 
Published: February 2008

Summary: Figures sampled from the N.S.W. cervical cancer programme suggest that it shares the prime difficulty of mass screening programmes elsewhere, namely in reaching the previously unscreened population of women, especially the older age groups at most risk from death from the disease.Some implications of this problem are briefly discussed.
Clinical Value of the IgM FTA‐ABS Test for Congenital Syphilis in the Newborn
Authors: Garner M. F. 
Published: February 2008

Summary:A serological study was undertaken of 63 newborn babies in whom the diagnosis of congenital syphilis had to be considered.The mothers of 58 of the babies had been adequately treated for syphilis: the IgM FTA‐ABS test was non‐reactive in the sera of 57 of these babies, and reactive in 1 (a false positive result). The sera of 5 babies gave reactive IgM FTA‐ABS test results: the mothers of these babies were found to have untreated secondary syphilis.It is advisable for the IgM FTA‐ABS test to be carried out at monthly intervals for 3 months on all babies whose serological tests for syphilis are reactive at birth. This is to ensure that the delayed onset of congenital syphilis is not missed when a non‐reactive IgM FTA‐ABS test at birth becomes reactive at a later date.
The Active Management of Pre‐term Labour and Its Effects on Fetal Outcome
Authors: Baillie P. , Malan A. F. , Saunders M. C. , Davey D. A. 
Published: February 2008

Summary: The results of a controlled trial using β‐adrenergic drugs and betamethasone in the management of pre‐term labour are described. In an 11‐month period, 514 patients were admitted in pre‐term labour and 146 of these were included in the study. The reasons for non‐treatment of the remainder were chiefly the pressure of maternal contraindications, the diagnosis of “stress” in the fetus, and delay in the commencement of active treatment.In patients treated before 37 weeks, there were significantly fewer perinatal deaths than in control patients. There was no difference, however, between patients given β‐adrenergic therapy plus betamethasone and those given β‐adrenergic therapy alone. In patients in whom labour had been delayed for more than 72 hours, there were no deaths due to apnoea or hyaline membrane disease.
The Panorama of Laparoscopic Technology in Female Sterilization
Authors: Lean T. H. 
Published: February 2008

Summary: Developments in laparoscopic sterilization are described. Laparoscopic tubal cautery is associated with a failure rate ranging from 0.2 to 2.0 per 100 operations. The morbidity rate averages about 5% with an average of 1% requiring emergency surgery. Mortality ranges from 20 to 30 per 100,000 operations, compared with a non‐laparoscopic sterilization rate of 25 per 100,000 operations.Current developments in the field of laparoscopic sterilization are described, incorporating experiences with the use of the haemoclip, the Hulka‐Clemens clip, the Falope ring or Yoon band, and also the beginnings of the miniature laparo‐scope or so‐called “needlescope”.
Gonadotrophin Stimulation for Oocyte Recovery and in Vitro Fertilization in Infertile Women
Authors: Talbot J. M. , Dooley M. , Leeton J. , Lopata A. , McMaster R. , Wood C. , Brown J. B. , Evans J. H. 
Published: February 2008

Summary: The effects of gonadotrophin stimulation were investigated by urinary oestrogen and pregnanediol analyses and by timed laparoscopic examination in 14 infertile ovulatory women with total tubal destruction who were candidates for in vitro oocyte fertilisation.An unpredictable ovarian response was obtained in 6 patients when a fixed regimen of 4 doses of FSH followed by HCG was used as described by Steptoe and Edwards (1970).Therapy was then changed in 8 patients to larger daily doses of FSH which were monitored by urinary oestrogen excretion and HCG was given according to the response. This regimen resulted in hormone excretion patterns which resembled those found during the normal ovulatory cycle except that oestrogen peak values were higher. The laparoscopic findings were consistent with the hormone values and information was obtained relating the timing of ovulation to the patterns of oestrogen and pregnanediol excretion. It is hoped that these findings can be applied to the improved collection of follicular oocytes of optimum maturity for in vitro fertilisation.
Plasma Fibrinolytic Activity in Early Pregnancy
Authors: Condie Roy G. 
Published: February 2008

Summary: In an attempt to elucidate changes in the fibrinolytic mechanism in early pregnancy, a prospective study was carried out on six nulliparous women from the time of stopping oral contraception until 16 weeks of gestation. A venous stasis stress test was applied at each sampling, and plasminogen activator levels were assayed in peripheral venous plasma.A significant reduction in fibrinolytic activity from the prepregnant level did not occur until 16 weeks of gestation in the unstressed situation, and until 12 weeks in the stressed situation. In both the prepregnant and pregnant states the stress of venous stasis effected a significant release of activator on each occasion of testing.
Alphafetoprotein by Radioimmunoassay in Maternal Serum and Amniotic Fluid
Authors: Khoo S. K. , Tillack Sandra , Mackay E. V. 
Published: February 2008

Summary: The use of a competitive inhibition radioimmunoassay allows the measurement of alphafetoprotein (AFP), a specific a‐globulin produced by fetal and malignant liver cells, in serum and amniotic fluid at low concentrations of ng/ml. In normal pregnancy, mean AFP levels in maternal serum showed a slow rise, from undetectable levels (less than 20 ng/ml) before 12 weeks of gestation, to a maximum at 30 weeks. After that, there was a comparable decline in levels for the remainder of pregnancy, up to 42 weeks. From 14 weeks there was a wide variation in individual AFP values at all stages of gestation, but most of them fell within 2 standard deviations above the mean.A correlation was found between AFP levels in samples of maternal serum and amniotic fluid taken simultaneously, with levels in amniotic fluid reading at least 50% higher. AFP levels in amniotic fluid in late pregnancy corresponded to the lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio in an inverse relationship.
Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura Complicating Pregnancy
Authors: Chang A. , Morrison J. , Teoh G. 
Published: February 2008

Summary: A patient with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura complicating pregnancy is presented, followed by a review of the literature and discussion of the problems of this complication.The need for close monitoring of fetal welfare in late pregnancy and the advantages of Caesarean section are emphasized.
Some Problems of the “Empty‐Handed” Mother
Authors: Harris Michael J. 
Published: February 2008

Summary: The mother who is discharged from an obstetric unit after confinement and leaves her baby behind faces a number of psychological problems. These can be related to the emotional crises initiated when the baby is admitted to a special care ward and to the absence of normal mother‐infant bonding. The child faces increased risks on going home.Group discussion is one technique to support these mothers. Anxieties and fears, as expressed in such groups, are discussed in this paper.
Severe and Recurrent Stress Incontinence of Urine Treated by the Mersilene Gauze Hammock Operation
Authors: Skipper John S. 
Published: February 2008

Summary: Severe and recurrent stress incontinence of urine in women presents many problems in management, especially in the elderly and the obese. The use of Mersilene gauze mesh as a modified Aldridge sling is presented as an alternative means of treatment in difficult cases where there are poor tissues to work with.A series of 30 patients is presented with an 86% cure rate; the use of Mersilene as a broad sling beneath the bladder neck and urethra overcomes one of the main problems in the use of synthetic materials.
A Review of the Significance of Gestational Diabetes
Authors: Elliott Peter 
Published: February 2008

Summary: One hundred and ninety‐six pregnancies complicated by gestational diabetes in a referred private practice over an 18‐year period have been reviewed. Initially they were managed as true diabetics and the pregnancies terminated before the 38th week. More recently, pregnancies have been managed on an outpatient basis and allowed to proceed to term, with a higher percentage of vaginal deliveries and no increase in perinatal mortality or morbidity.A high incidence of neonatal jaundice was noted, but no explanation emerged. Differences between true diabetes and gestational diabetes, with particular reference to perinatal mortality are discussed and the good prognosis for the gestational form emphasised. Follow‐up suggests that a continuation of the rapport established between physician, obstetrician and patient during pregnancy may be important in delaying or preventing the subsequent onset of diabetes.
Incompetence of the Cervix
Authors: McDonald Ian A. 
Published: February 2008

Summary: The author reviews a personal series of 248 cases of incompetence of the uterine cervix. Careful selection of patients and variation of the operative techniques to suit the abnormality have led to a substantial improvement in the success rate.In the past 10 years, 94% of patients have been delivered of living babies. The history of the condition is briefly described.
Vaginal Transposition of the Ovary in Primates (Papio Cynocephalus and Macaca Arctoides)
Authors: Iffy Leslie , Caterini Herik R. , Arrata W. S. Michael , Beluhan Frank Z. , Lyons Michael , Apuzzio Joseph , Chatterton Robert T. 
Published: February 2008

Summary: Experimental data indicate that the time and mechanism of ovulation play a significant role in some cases of infertility and in a broad range of reproductive abnormalities. In order to establish a new experimental model for the study of these phenomena in primates, transposition of the ovary from the pelvis into the vaginal fornix was attempted in 2 species of monkeys: (a) Macaca Arctoides and (b) Papio Cynocephalus.Particularly in the latter species, ovarian relocation into the anterior and the posterior vaginal fornices proved feasible. Most ovaries continued functioning in their new location during the 2–5 months of the follow‐up, despite macroscopic and microscopic evidence of infection. Post mortem examination of one of the experimental animals several years after the surgical procedure revealed the presence of an intact functioning ovary still in close contact with the vaginal fornix.
An Assessment of Vulval Lichen Sclerosus
Authors: Jones I. S. C. 
Published: February 2008

Summary: Vulval lichen sclerosus (L.S.) has been assessed clinically, colposcopically, and histologically to ascertain the suitability of including this condition in the nomenclature proposed by the International Society for the Study of Vulval Disease (I.S.S.V.D.).In many cases the macroscopic appearance of lichen sclerosus is characteristic, but this is not always the case. Histologically, the appearances of the dermal hyaline change, the reduction in the length and the number of rete pegs, to a lesser extent thinning of the dermis and sometimes thinning of the epidermis are characteristic. The presence of dermal inflammatory cells and changes in the thickness of the keratin layer are, however, much more variable. Exact measurements of the various layers of the vulval skin are not necessary in the routine assessment of lichen sclerosus.The present study justifies the inclusion of lichen sclerosus on histological criteria in the I.S.S.V.D.'s nomenclature.
Perinatal Death: Audit and Classification
Authors: Chang A. , Keeping J. D. , Morrison J. , Esler E. J. 
Published: February 2008

Summary: Two hundred and thirteen perinatal deaths occurred in a population of 10,539 deliveries over a 4‐year period. The associated obstetric complications and circumstances were analysed.The majority of perinatal deaths occurred in fetuses in whom there was a serious malformation, or whose birth weight was less than 800 g.Of the 110 deaths which occurred in normal babies weighing 800 g or more, 54 were antepartum, 5 were intrapartum, and 51 were neonatal. The clinical features surrounding these deaths were classified, and their implications discussed.
Incidence of the Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Infants of Diabetic Mothers – Perinatal Influences
Authors: Bye Ann , Henderson‐Smart D. J. , Storey B. , Shearman R. P. 
Published: February 2008

Summary:This survey of 73 infants of insulin dependent (ID) diabetic mothers and 70 infants of gestational diabetics (GD) born at King George V Memorial Hospital between January, 1968 and December, 1975, showed that all 12 babies with RDS were from the ID group. RDS was the cause of all 6 neonatal deaths and together with the 5 stillbirths gave this high risk group a 15% mortality rate. Since no deaths occurred in the GD group, the overall mortality was 8%.In the 6 years, 1970–1975, RDS occurred 21 times more often in babies of ID mothers than in control babies born to non‐diabetics. Babies born to ID mothers were of significantly lower mean gestational age than those born to the GD mothers. Within the ID group, those babies with RDS were of significantly lower gestation than those without and the mean gestation was similar to control babies with RDS.Provided the diabetes is controlled and fetal welfare ensured, later delivery, following documentation of lung maturity, may lower the incidence of RDS and therefore perinatal mortality and morbidity.
Cytosol Oestradiol and Progesterone Receptors in Endometrial Hyperplasia and Adenocarcinoma: Determination by Single Saturating Dose Exchange Assays
Authors: Elliott Peter M. , Krozowski Zygmunt , Jansen Robert P. S. 
Published: February 2008

Summary: Available oestradiol and progesterone binding site concentrations in endometrial cytosols were determined by a simplified single saturating dose assay in 16 normal women with proliferative endometrium, in 10 patients with endometrial hyperplasia, and in 20 patients with endometrial adenocarcinoma. The mean oestrogen receptor level tended to be higher in endometrial hyperplasia than in either proliferative or carcinomatous endometria. Mean progesterone receptor levels were comparable in proliferative and hyperplastic endometria, but were sequentially lower in highly differentiated carcinoma, moderately differentiated carcinoma, and undifferentiated carcinoma.Correlation between results obtained by single saturating dose assays and by conventional Scatchard analysis in those endometria subjected to both procedures was high for both oestrogen (r = 0.998) and progesterone (r = 0.949) and indicates that with the simplified assays, large scale clinical studies on hormone sensitivity of endometrial adenocarcinomas are feasible.
Review of Current Progress: Antenatal Diagnosis
Authors: Pearn J. H. , Biggs J. S. G. , Smith H. , Clague A. , Cooper D. 
Published: February 2008

Summary: Approximately 1 child in every 30 is born with a significant physical or mental handicap and 41% of deaths in children aged 1 month to 15 years are the result of a congenital malformation. New and improved forms of treatment are available for some congenital abnormalities; in others there appears to be advantage in antenatal diagnosis so that termination of the pregnancy may be considered before the stage of extrauterine viability of the fetus is reached.Practical methods of early antenatal diagnosis are reviewed, with their indications, risks, and shortcomings. The use of alphafetoprotein estimations in amniotic fluid and maternal blood to identify neural tube defects and the karyotyping and biochemical assay of cultured amniotic cells are currently the most important of these. The history of antenatal diagnosis is reviewed and cost‐benefit analysis is discussed. With the concept of antenatal diagnosis and its widespread implementation and acceptance, there have arisen important questions of medical ethics and community policy, and these are discussed. A team consisting of an obstetrician, a geneticist and a paediatrician should be working together to provide genetic counselling prior to testing to explain the natural history of the disease in question and the mathematical risks concerned. Prospects for future endeavours in this field are discussed.
Grafting as a Principle in the Surgical Management of Vesicovaginal and Rectovaginal Fistulae
Authors: Zacharin Robert F. 
Published: February 2008

Summary: The treatment of 49 genital fistulae in the past 18 years is reported from the Department of Gynaecology, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne. The series included 32 vesicovaginal fistulae, 15 rectovaginal fistulae and 2 double fistulae.Whilst utilising the accepted principles of fistula closure, the high success rate is believed due, in large measure, to the additional step of grafting which has been used extensively. It is advocated as a most important principle in all genital fistula surgery.
Colposcopic Differential Diagnosis of Dysplasia, Carcinoma in Situ and Microinvasive Carcinoma of the Cervix
Authors: Noda Sadamu 
Published: February 2008

Summary: Two hundred and twenty‐eight patients with cervical neoplasia, detected in routine uterine cancer screening at the Center for Adult Diseases, Osaka, from 1973 through 1977 were selected. The histological diagnosis was as follows: dysplasia, 69; carcinoma in situ, 102; and microinvasive carcinoma, 57. A retrospective study of this material was made with the aid of adequate colposcopic colour photographs, and features likely to be useful in differential diagnosis were determined.Atypical vessels were seen in 24 of 36 patients (67%) with Stage la1 lesions, but only in a few of those with Stage 02 lesions. Punctation, mosaic and white epithelium were less evident in stage la2 than in Stage 01 and Stage 02. Punctation, mosaic and white epithelium in patients with dysplasia were less formed, and their borders were less distinct than in patients with Stage 0 lesions. These characteristic changes are of value in accurate colposcopic diagnosis.