bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Honeybee colony collapse due to Nosema ceranae in professional apiaries
Authors: Higes Mariano , Martín‐Hernández Raquel , Garrido‐Bailón Encarna , González‐Porto Amelia V. , García‐Palencia Pilar , Meana Aranzazu , Del Nozal María J. , Mayo R. , Bernal José L. 
Published: February 2009

SummaryHoneybee colony collapse is a sanitary and ecological worldwide problem. The features of this syndrome are an unexplained disappearance of adult bees, a lack of brood attention, reduced colony strength, and heavy winter mortality without any previous evident pathological disturbances. To date there has not been a consensus about its origins. This report describes the clinical features of two professional bee‐keepers affecting by this syndrome. Anamnesis, clinical examination and analyses support that the depopulation in both cases was due to the infection by Nosema ceranae (Microsporidia), an emerging pathogen of Apis mellifera. No other significant pathogens or pesticides (neonicotinoids) were detected and the bees had not been foraging in corn or sunflower crops. The treatment with fumagillin avoided the loss of surviving weak colonies. This is the first case report of honeybee colony collapse due to N. ceranae in professional apiaries in field conditions reported worldwide.
MULTI-FREQUENCY APPROACH TO FAULT DICTIONARY OF LINEAR ANALOG FAULT DIAGNOSIS
Authors: SARAT CHANDRA BABU N. , PRASAD V. C. , VENU MADHAVA RAO S. P. , LAL KISHORE K. 
Published: February 2009

An efficient method to eliminate redundant frequencies present in one of the existing multi-frequency methods for analog fault diagnosis is proposed in this paper. First the two-dimensional fault dictionary is constructed where entries are gain signatures of all faults and frequencies. The faults belonging to the same quantization levels are numbered sequentially and a frequency that has an ambiguity set with the highest number faults is eliminated after verifying that there are no repetitions after the deletion of this frequency. In this manner, all frequencies are examined for deletion. Finally the test frequencies, which cannot be deleted, remain resulting in a minimal set of test frequencies of a network to isolate a given set of faults. Another method proposes a technique, which generates more number of frequencies to isolate all the faults, if the test frequencies generated using the existing methods are not sufficient.
CREATING INDEPENDENT ADVOCATES FOR ENTREPRENEURS WITHIN GOVERNMENT: SOME REFLECTIONS ON THE SMALL BUSINESS COMMISSIONER MODEL
Authors: SCHAPER MICHAEL T. 
Published: February 2009

This paper provides a critical overview of a recent attempt to create an independent statutory "voice" for small enterprises within the formal government bureaucracy in one Australian jurisdiction. It discusses the creation and eighteen months of activity of the Small Business Commissioner of the Australian Capital Territory. In 2003 the ACT government foreshadowed that, as part of its strategy to create the most small-business-friendly location in Australia, it would establish a Small Business Commissioner as a statutory appointment. The Legislative Assembly passed the Small Business Commissioner Act in 2004 and activity began in March 2005. The key activities of the Commissioner have been to examine small business complaints about ACT government agencies; to promote the use of mediation and/or other alternative dispute resolution tools for the settlement of disputes between small enterprises and other businesses; to provide independent advice to the Territory government about laws, regulations and policies that may affect small firms; to oversee the introduction of small business service charters within government agencies; and to establish a more "business friendly" service culture within ACT government agencies. On one hand, it is clear that a Commissioner role has a potentially significant strategic importance for small and medium-sized enterprises, principally through the provision of independent commentary, pushing for red tape and regulatory reduction, and by providing mediation services and investigative functions. However, there are also some current problems with the role. These include potential overlap with other regulatory and investigative bodies; lack of formal compulsive powers; its dependence on political support for its effectiveness; insufficient resources; and the nature of the relationship it has with other government entities.
RANK-BASED CLUSTERING ANALYSIS FOR THE TIME-COURSE MICROARRAY DATA
Authors: YI SUNG-GON , JOO YOON-JEONG , PARK TAESUNG 
Published: February 2009

Microarray technology allows the monitoring of expression levels for thousands of genes simultaneously. In time-course microarray experiments in which gene expression is monitored over time, we are interested in clustering genes that show similar temporal profiles and identifying genes that show a pre-specified candidate profile. Unfortunately, many traditional clustering methods used for analyzing microarray data do not effectively detect temporal profiles for the time-course microarray data. We propose a rank-based clustering analysis for the time-course microarray data.Our clustering method consists of two steps: the first step discretizes the expression data into groups and then transform them into the rank data, the second step performs the rank-based clustering analysis. Our testing procedure uses the bootstrap samples to select the genes that show similar patterns for the candidate profiles. Simulation study is performed to evaluate the performance of the proposed rank-based method. The results are illustrated with the breast cancer data and the Arabidopsis cold stress data.
ASKNET: CREATING AND EVALUATING LARGE SCALE INTEGRATED SEMANTIC NETWORKS
Authors: HARRINGTON BRIAN , CLARK STEPHEN 
Published: February 2009

Extracting semantic information from multiple natural language sources and combining that information into a single unified resource is an important and fundamental goal for natural language processing. Large scale resources of this kind can be useful for a wide variety of tasks including question answering, word sense disambiguation and knowledge discovery. A single resource representing the information in multiple documents can provide significantly more semantic information than is available from the documents considered independently.The ASKNet system utilises existing NLP tools and resources, together with spreading activation based techniques, to automatically extract semantic information from a large number of English texts, and combines that information into a large scale semantic network. The initial emphasis of the ASKNet system is on wide-coverage, robustness and speed of construction. In this paper we show how a network consisting of over 1.5 million nodes and 3.5 million edges, more than twice as large as any network currently available, can be created in less than 3 days. Evaluation of large-scale semantic networks is a difficult problem. In order to evaluate ASKNet we have developed a novel evaluation metric based on the notion of a network "core" and employed human evaluators to determine the precision of various components of that core. We have applied this evaluation to networks created from randomly chosen articles used by DUC (Document Understanding Conference). The results are highly promising: almost 80% precision in the semantic core of the networks.
Convergence to Compact Sets of Inexact Orbits of Nonexpansive Mappings in Banach and Metric Spaces
Authors: Pustylnik Evgeniy , Reich Simeon , Zaslavski Alexander J. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractWe study the influence of computational errors on the convergence to compact sets of orbits of nonexpansive mappings in Banach and metric spaces. We first establish a convergence theorem assuming that the computational errors are summable and then provide examples which show that the summability of errors is necessary for convergence.
Perspectives in Applied Nematology
Authors: Hague Nigel 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThis article reflects the author's experience of research and changes in priorities over the last 50 years in four main areas: i) fumigants as nematicides; ii) non-volatile nematicides; iii) biological control of insects; and iv) training in nematology. The developments in each of these topics are discussed from a personal perspective and speculation is made on the future direction of these areas of applied research.
Short-term nematode population dynamics as influenced by the quality of exogenous organic matter
Authors: Leroy Ben , Reheul Dirk , Moens Maurice , Ferris Howard , De Sutter Nancy 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe food specificity of nematodes, their high number of species and high abundance in every habitat where decomposition takes place, indicate that the structure of the nematode assemblage has a high information content. Since nematodes respond quickly to changes in soil management and since the nematode fauna can be efficiently analysed, the structure of the nematode assemblage offers an interesting instrument to assess changes in soil conditions. We studied the effect of five organic amendments on the short-term nematode population dynamics and compared them to minerally fertilised and unfertilised plots. The experiment was started in 2005, and samples were taken in spring and autumn 2006 and spring 2007. In spring 2006, no clear differences among treatments in the diversity of free-living nematodes were observed, probably since the organic amendments were applied only twice, of which the last application was carried out 7 months before the sampling. At the second and third sampling, the enrichment index in the organically amended plots was higher than in the unamended plots, owing to the organic matter application. However, in plots amended with farmyard manure and cattle slurry the number of bacterivores increased significantly, while in the compost plots the fungivorous nematodes tended to be higher. This resulted in a low channel index for the manure and slurry plots, indicating a predominant bacterial decomposition pathway, and a higher channel index in the compost plots, suggesting a greater proportion of fungal decomposition. These assumptions on the decomposition of the applied organic matter were strongly supported by the composition of the soil microbial community, determined through PLFA analysis: in the compost plots the bacteria to fungi ratio was lower than in the manure and slurry plots. At all sampling occasions there was a remarkably lower abundance of plant-parasitic nematodes in plots amended with slurry and manure, indicating a negative impact of both amendments on plant-parasitic nematodes. We can conclude from this study that the fertiliser regimes affected the nematode assemblage, but that more samplings in the future are certainly necessary to assess adequately the impact of the different organic amendments.
Malvinia crassa gen. n., sp. n. (Nematoda: Drilonematoidea) – a parasite of the acanthodrilid earthworm, Notiodrilus bovei, from the Falkland Islands
Authors: Ivanova Elena , Neuhaus Birger 
Published: February 2009

AbstractA new species and genus of nematodes (Ungellidae, Drilonematoidea) parasitic in the coelomic cavity of Notiodrilus bovei deposited in the collection of the Museum für Naturkunde in Berlin, is described and illustrated. Malvinia crassa gen. n., sp. n. is characterised by its short, bloated, curved body tapering to both ends, paired, superficially attached cephalic hooks, short infundibular stoma, a pharynx comprising a pre-corpal bulb-like swelling, procorpus, isthmus and basal bulb, nerve ring encircling isthmus, excretory pore located posterior to the nerve ring, weakly cuticularised excretory duct, vulva, slightly post-median, short precloacal process in males, large grain-like spermatids, sperm in spermatheca ball-shaped, ca 20 μm diam., composed of smaller particles resembling spermatids; symmetrically placed, large, fimbriate caudal organs lacking a cavity, and absence of amphids, cephalic and male cloacal sensilla and post-uterine sac. Malvinia gen. n. is differentiated from all genera of the Ungellinae on the basis of its small size, vesiculate vs vermiform body shape, very long reflexed portion of testis and highly modified sperm. From the closest species of the genus Ungella, the new species differs by the presence vs absence of a stoma and pre-corpal swelling of the pharynx, structure of fimbriate caudal organs, larger spermatids in male and sperm in female spermatheca, and absence of lateral differentiation of the cuticle. A key to the genera of Ungellinae is proposed.
Ficotylus congestae gen. n., sp. n. (Anguinata), from Ficus congesta (Moraceae) sycones in Australia
Authors: Ye Weimin , Davies Kerrie , Giblin-Davis Robin , Thomas Kelley 
Published: February 2009

AbstractA new monotypic genus of tylenchid nematode, Ficotylus n. gen., was recovered from sycones of Ficus congesta L. from Mourilyan, Mission Beach and Cairns, Queensland, Australia. The genus is characterised by having slender nematodes with a long stylet, a sub-cylindrical pharynx lacking a terminal bulb, pharyngeal glands overlapping the intestine for a short distance, secretory/excretory pore opening posterior to the nerve ring, female with a single gonad and post-vulval sac and male with slender, arcuate, cephalated spicules with the bursa arising near the proximal level of the retracted spicule and supported by a pair of papilla-like structures at its widest point. This is the first record of a tylenchid occurring within Ficus sycones. Ficotylus congestae gen. n., sp. n. is distinguished by possessing a long stylet (29-39 μm) with conus forming ca 40% of stylet length and three well developed bifid knobs at the base of the shaft, a degenerate pharynx with a vestigial metacorpus (no valve) and no basal bulb, females with a post-vulval uterine sac and males with a characteristic bursa supported by a pair of papilla-like structures at its widest point, then narrowing rapidly and just enveloping tail. Ficotylus congestae gen. n., sp. n. is a putative member of the Anguinata (sensu Siddiqi, 1985), based on molecular phylogeny of near full length SSU and D2/D3 expansion segments of the large subunit (LSU) rDNA. Morphologically, it has affinities with the superfamily Sphaerularioidea, family Neotylenchidae, where it is tentatively placed.
Endophytic bacteria from Ethiopian coffee plants and their potential to antagonise Meloidogyne incognita
Authors: Hallmann Johannes , Mekete Tesfamariam , Sikora Richard , Kiewnick Sebastian 
Published: February 2009

AbstractEndophytic bacteria were isolated from coffee roots in Ethiopia and identified by Fatty Acid Methyl Ester-Gas Chromatography (FAME-GC). A total of 201 and 114 endophytic bacteria were isolated and identified during the wet and dry seasons, respectively. The most abundant genera were Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Agrobacterium, Stenotrophomonas and Enterobacter. Population densities were higher during the wet season than the dry season ranging from 5.2 × 103 to 2.07 × 106 cfu (g fresh root weight)–1. Culture filtrates of the bacterial isolates showed nematicidal effects of between 38 and 98%. The most active strains were Agrobacterium radiobacter, Bacillus pumilus, B. brevis, B. megaterium, B. mycoides, B. licheniformis, Chryseobacterium balustinum, Cedecea davisae, Cytophaga johnsonae, Lactobacillus paracasei, Micrococcus luteus, M. halobius, Pseudomonas syringae and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Bacillus pumilus and B. mycoides were most effective in reducing the number of galls and egg masses caused by M. incognita by 33 and 39%, respectively.
Redescription of four species of North American Bursaphelenchus Fuchs, 1937 (Nematoda: Parasitaphelenchinae) from Massey's type material
Authors: Center Barbara , Giblin-Davis Robin , Kanzaki Natsumi 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe type specimens of four Bursaphelenchus species described by Massey, i.e., B. tritrunculus, B. willi, B. scolyti and B. maxbassiensis, were re-examined and photo-documented to update the descriptions in the light of a contemporary understanding of the genus. Detailed spicule morphology, lateral field (probably with two lines), hemizonid and a three-celled structure at the uterus-postuterine sac junction of females were observed for B. tritrunculus, all features not originally described. Based on spicule and vulval structure, B. tritrunculus is hypothesised to be related to the 'hunti' group of the genus. The type material of B. willi was in poor condition and several morphological features have been lost, although variation of excretory pore position and additional features of spicule morphology were observed and described. Bursaphelenchus willi is a morphologically atypical species within the genus. With only two pairs of male caudal papillae and an inconspicuous narrow 'bursa', it appears typologically similar to the Cryptaphelenchus lineage, although females have a functional rectum and anus. Re-isolation and molecular characterisation are needed to help define the precise status of this species. The spicule morphology of B. scolyti was different from the original description, the species being similar to several European species. Bursaphelenchus scolyti shares several morphological and biological characters with B. xerokarterus, i.e., spicule and female tail morphology and host (vector) insect. Re-isolation of B. xerokarterus and comparisons between it and B. scolyti are necessary to assess possible conspecificity. Three females and several juveniles of B. maxbassiensis were available for examination. It has unusual lip and stylet morphology and an anteriorly located excretory pore. The inconspicuous rectum and anus are similar to some other genera of aphelench. The precise phylogenetic position of B. maxbassiensis was not confirmed, partly because male specimens were not available. Re-isolation and wider comparisons involving molecular phylogenetic inferences, i.e., with other aphelench genera, are necessary.
The Relationship of Transient Upper-Level Troughs to Variability of the North American Monsoon System
Authors: Bieda Stephen W. , Castro Christopher L. , Mullen Steven L. , Comrie Andrew C. , Pytlak Erik 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
Relationships between transient upper-tropospheric troughs and warm season convective activity over the southwest United States and northern Mexico are explored. Analysis of geopotential height and vorticity fields from the North American Regional Reanalysis and cloud-to-ground lightning data indicates that the passage of mobile inverted troughs (IVs) significantly enhances convection when it coincides with the peak diurnal cycle (1800–0900 UTC) over the North American monsoon (NAM) region. The preferred tracks of IVs during early summer are related to the dominant modes of Pacific sea surface temperature (SST) variability. When La Niña–like (El Niño–like) conditions prevail in the tropical Pacific and the eastern North Pacific has a horseshoe-shaped negative (positive) SST anomaly, IVs preferentially track farther north (south) and are slightly (typically one IV) more (less) numerous. These results point to the important role that synoptic-scale disturbances play in modulating the diurnal cycle of precipitation over the NAM region and the significant impact that the statistically supported low-frequency Pacific SST anomalies exert on the occurrence and track of these synoptic transients.
Climate Impacts of the Southern Annular Mode Simulated by the CMIP3 Models
Authors: Karpechko Alexey Yu , Gillett Nathan P. , Marshall Gareth J. , Screen James A. 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
The southern annular mode (SAM) has a well-established impact on climate in the Southern Hemisphere. The strongest response in surface air temperature (SAT) is observed in the Antarctic, but the SAM’s area of influence extends much farther, with statistically significant effects on temperature and precipitation being detected as far north as 20°S. Here the authors quantify the ability of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project, phase 3 (CMIP3) coupled climate models to simulate the observed SAT, total precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST), and sea ice concentration responses to the SAM. The models are able to simulate the spatial pattern of response in SAT reasonably well; however, all models underestimate the magnitude of the response over Antarctica, both at the surface and in the free troposphere. This underestimation of the temperature response has implications for prediction of the future temperature changes associated with expected changes in the SAM. The models possess reasonable skill in simulating patterns of precipitation and SST response; however, some considerable regional deviations exist. The simulated precipitation and SST responses are less constrained by the observations than the SAT response, particularly in magnitude, as significant discrepancies are detected between the responses in the reference datasets. The largest problems are identified in simulating the sea ice response to the SAM, with some models even simulating a response that is negatively correlated with that observed.
Amplification of a Surface-Intensified Eddy Drift along a Steep Shelf in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Sutyrin Georgi , Stegner Alexander , Taupier-Letage Isabelle , Teinturier Samuel 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
The datasets of the Eddies and Gyre Path Tracking (EGYPT)/EGITTO program in the eastern Mediterranean Sea reveal a large mesoscale anticyclone traveling along the Libyan shelf. Surface drifter trajectories combined with a CTD transect accurately quantify the horizontal velocity and the vertical structure of this surface-intensified anticyclone. The observed westward drift speed is significantly higher than expected from the beta effect alone. To study the impact of a steep shelf topography on the propagation of compact surface-intensified vortices, the authors used a two-layer beta-plane model with steep continental slope and nearly zonal boundary. A perturbation theory derived by G. Sutyrin for a circular vortex in the upper layer with the lower layer at rest as a basic state is generalized for nonuniform slope in the presence of the image effect. An integral momentum balance is used to derive the drifting velocity of an upper-layer vortex with the main assumption that a stable and steady drifting solution of the two-layer system exists. The interface is described by a steady drifting circular dome at the leading order. This approach allows the problem to be reduced to the calculation of the deep-flow pattern, depending on the interface shape and topography. When the topographic slope beneath the eddy changes rapidly from a steep continental slope to a gentle continental rise, most of the deep-flow pattern is shifted offshore. The corresponding anticyclonic deep-flow feedback provides an additional along-slope propagation, which is proportional to the basic drift speed and the steepness parameter.