bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effective Interfacing of Surface Homojunctions on Chemically Identical g‐C3N4 for Efficient Visible‐Light Photocatalysis without Sacrificial Agents
Authors: Das Sankar , Ng Li Shiuan , Chong Carice , Pereira Veronica , Li Haitao , Lee Chi‐Lik Ken , Lee Hiang Kwee 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDeveloping efficient homojunctions on g‐C3N4 promises metal‐free photocatalysis to realize truly sustainable artificial photosynthesis. However, current designs are limited by hindered charge separation due to inevitable grain boundaries and random formation of ineffective homojunctions embedded within the photocatalyst. Here, efficient photocatalysis is driven by introducing effective surface homojunctions on chemically and structurally identical g‐C3N4 through leveraging its size‐dependent electronic properties. Using a top‐down approach, the surface layer of bulk g‐C3N4 is partially exfoliated to create sheet‐like g‐C3N4 nanostructures on the bulk material. This hierarchical design establishes a subtle band energy offset between the macroscopic and nanoscopic g‐C3N4, generating homojunctions while maintaining the chemical and structural integrities of the original g‐C3N4. The optimized g‐C3N4 homojunction demonstrates superior photocatalytic degradation of antibiotic pollutants at >96% efficiency in 2 h, even in different real water samples. It achieves reaction kinetics (≈0.041 min−1) up to fourfold better than standalone materials and their physical mixture. Mechanistic studies highlight the importance of the unique design in boosting photocatalysis by effectively promoting interfacial photocarrier manipulation and utilization directly at the point‐of‐catalysis, without needing co‐catalysts or sacrificial agents. This work presents enormous opportunities for developing advanced and green photocatalytic platforms for sustainable light‐driven environmental, energy, and chemical applications.
Selecting a Literacy Intervention and Planning for Implementation: A Guide
Authors: Whittingham Colleen E. , Pilonieta Paola , Washburn Erin K. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractEvidence‐based core instruction partnered with evidence‐based supplemental interventions are vital for students' literacy learning, particularly for students who need additional support (Petscher et al., 2020). Identifying instructional materials that reflect the translation of effective practices is challenging, (Solari et al., 2020) and made trickier by an abundance of commercialized and packaged literacy curricula, all claiming to be research‐ or evidence‐based. The tasks of finding, selecting, and implementing literacy interventions that are high‐quality, evidence‐based, and designed to meet the needs of students is not for the faint of heart, especially because school leaders often have difficulty distinguishing programs based on research evidence from those benefiting from good marketing (Schwartz, 2019). Thus, the purpose of this article is to provide school personnel responsible for implementing literacy interventions (i.e., classroom teachers, literacy specialists, special educators) and/or selecting literacy intervention programs (i.e., administrators, instructional coaches) with a step‐by‐step process informed by our study which surveyed North Carolina first grade teachers' literacy assessment and instruction practices in schools receiving Title I funding before and during the COVID pandemic.
Strengthening Students' Reading Motivation and Engagement with C.A.R.E.
Authors: Zygouris‐Coe Vassiliki 
Published: March 2024

AbstractOver the past two years, as a professor of reading education, I have listened to, collaborated, and met with various PreK–12 educators virtually and in person. I collected questions, comments, successes, and challenges related to the ongoing transitions and demands of this post‐pandemic era on teachers, students, and parents. The topics of student motivation to read and engagement in reading remain among the top two areas of need and support for educators. In this article, I present a short summary of research on reading motivation and engagement followed by sample research‐based recommendations for strengthening students' reading motivation and engagement in today's learning environments and resources to support your instructional decisions.
Matching or Clashing? Teachers Analyzing Picturebooks Using an Equity‐Focused Text Analysis Tool
Authors: Lucero Audrey 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAs of May 2022, 42 state legislatures had introduced bills that would limit how (and whether) teachers can address inequities based on race, gender, and other marginalized identities. At the same time, book bans are becoming increasingly common across the country. Given the importance of providing children opportunities to critically engage with texts from a variety of perspectives and representing a diversity of experiences, teachers should use picturebooks to facilitate critical discussions with children as young as kindergarten. This study reports findings from an activity in which K‐8 in‐service teachers used an equity‐focused text analysis tool to critically analyze the picturebook Marisol McDonald doesn't match/Marisol McDonald no combina. I conducted thematic analysis on a key component of critical literacy teachers addressed—identifying stereotypes the author and illustrator both disrupt and perpetuate in this book. This work helps us understand how teachers themselves learn to engage in critical analysis of picturebooks.
Sternal fixation for traumatic sternal fractures demonstrates better long‐term quality of life outcomes than nonoperative management: A survey analysis
Authors: Bauman Zachary M. , Todd Sydney J. , Khan Hason , Raposo‐Hadley Ashley , Cantrell Emily , Matos Miguel , Sheppard Olabisi , Kamien Andrew , Daubert Trevor , Cemaj Samuel , Evans Charity H. , Nguyen Jonathan , Berning Bennett 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIntroductionSternal fractures are rare, causing significant pain, respiratory compromise, and decreased upper extremity range of motion. Sternal fixation (SF) is a viable treatment option; however, there remains a paucity of literature demonstrating long‐term benefits. This study examined long‐term outcomes of SF, hypothesizing they have better long‐term quality of life (QoL) than patients managed nonoperatively (NOM).MethodsThis was a survey study at our level 1 academic hospital. All patients diagnosed with a sternal fracture were included from January 2016 to July 2021. Patients were grouped whether they received SF or NOM. Basic demographics were obtained. Three survey phone call attempts were conducted. The time from injury to survey was recorded. Outcomes included responses to the QoL survey, which included mobility, self‐care, usual activities, chest pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression. The survey scale is 1–5 (1 = worst condition possible; 5 = best possible condition). Patients were asked to rate their current health on a scale of 0–100 (100 being the best possible health imaginable). Chi square and t‐tests were used. Significance was set at p < 0.05.ResultsThree hundred eighty four patients were surveyed. Sixty nine underwent SF and 315 were NOM. Thirty‐eight (55.1%) SF patients and 126 (40%) NOM patients participated in the survey. Basic demographics were similar. Average days from sternal fracture to survey was 1198 (±492) for the SF group and 1454 (±567) for the NOM group. The SF cohort demonstrated statistically significant better QoL than the NOM cohort for all categories except anxiety/depression.ConclusionSF provides better long‐term QoL and better overall health scores compared to NOM.
Treatment of local recurrence of esophageal cancer following Ivor‐Lewis esophagectomy—Experiences of a high‐volume center
Authors: Knipper Karl , Krey Thaddaeus , Lyu Su Ir , Jung Jin‐On , Wirsik Naita M. , Fuchs Hans F. , Schröder Wolfgang , Schlößer Hans A. , Popp Felix C. , Quaas Alexander , Bruns Christiane J. , Schmidt Thomas 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPurposePatients with local recurrence of esophageal cancer have a highly decreased overall survival. There is currently no standardized treatment algorithm for this group. This retrospective cohort study aimed to evaluate the survival of patients with local recurrence, despite receiving individualized treatment options.Methods241 of 1791 patients were diagnosed with a local recurrence following Ivor‐Lewis esophagectomy at the University Hospital of Cologne. 59 patients, who were diagnosed only with a local recurrence of adeno‐ or squamous cell carcinoma and received their individualized therapy regimes at our high‐volume center, were included.ResultsThe study included 52 patients with adenocarcinoma and 7 with squamous cell carcinoma. Among these, 6 patients underwent resection, 19 received solely chemotherapy, 29 received chemoradiotherapy, and 5 were provided with best supportive care. Patients who underwent resection showed a better survival outcome compared to patients without resection (median OS: not reached vs. 15.1 months, p = 0.012). Best supportive care and palliative care were found to be independent risk factors for shorter overall survival compared to curative intended treatment options like local resection or chemoradiotherapy.ConclusionIn this study, different treatment strategies for patients with local recurrence of esophageal cancer were depicted. Resection as well as chemoradiotherapy could play a role in selected patients. Further prospective studies are needed to improve the selection of eligible patients.
The UK: Brexit and Competing Populism
Authors: Oh Dayei , Castrén Olli 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe chapter discusses the political context and political communication environment in the UK during the 2019 EP election. Particular attention is given to the role of Twitter in the UK’s political communication and populism in the party field during the twenty-first century. The empirical Twitter analysis focuses on 7296 tweets sent from 966 Twitter accounts by various political actors in May 2019. The 2019 election was the UK’s last participation in the EP elections before the country left the EU following the 2016 Brexit referendum. As the two major political parties, Conservatives and Labour, refrained from the 2019 EP election debates, smaller Europhilic parties (e.g., Liberal Democrats, Change UK, SNP, Green, Cymru) and Eurosceptic parties (e.g., UKIP, Brexit Party) dominated the Twittersphere. Brexit and the EU were popular themes in the British tweets alongside tweets encouraging supporters to vote and attacking rival political parties. Topic modelling shows differences in the debates on the EU, Brexit, the populist construction of ‘the people’ and media, as well as economic and environmental issues between regions and across the Europhilic and Eurosceptic parties. Network analysis demonstrates that the British Twittersphere was clustered into two antagonistic camps divided by their stance on Brexit. In this, the UK represented a clear case of competing populism.
Fire Severity as a Determinant of the Socioeconomic Impact of Wildfires
Authors: Marcos E. , Fernández-Guisuraga J. M. , Fernández-García V. , Fernández-Manso A. , Quintano C. , Suárez-Seoane S. , Calvo L. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractFire has played a crucial role in shaping Earth's landscapes for millions of years and has been used as a cultural tool for human development for millennia. However, changing fire regimes driven by global change drivers and human influences are reshaping landscapes and leading to more severe wildfires, with significant socioeconomic and environmental consequences. These wildfires have substantial direct impacts on human lives, properties, and mental health, as well as indirect impacts on ecosystem services, negatively affecting provisioning, regulating, and cultural services. In general, severe wildfires disrupt the functioning of ecosystems and the subsequent recovery of the ecosystems services. Remote sensing techniques represent efficient tools for monitoring post-fire ecosystem service recovery. On the other hand, the impact of large fires is perceived differently by society influenced by socioeconomic factors, previous experiences, and community dynamics. Understanding these perceptions is essential for developing effective wildfire management and mitigation strategies at the local level. To address the challenges posed by changing fire regimes, a Fire Smart Territory (FST) approach could be considered, emphasizing integrated fire management that considers prevention, effective response, and post-fire restoration. This approach presented in this book chapter also promotes the involvement of local communities in fire prevention and management. So, the conservation of ecosystem services in fire-prone areas requires a holistic and adaptive approach that incorporates ecological knowledge, societal needs, and sustainable land management practices. By adopting an FST framework and considering the complex interactions between fire, ecosystems, and human communities, it is possible to mitigate the impacts of wildfires and promote resilience in these vulnerable landscapes.
Regional Issues of Fire Management: The Role of Extreme Weather, Climate and Vegetation Type
Authors: Pereira M. G. , Nunes J. P. , Silva J. M. N. , Calheiros T. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIt is of paramount importance to discuss and reflect on the influence that climate and land management have on fire regimes and, consequently, on the regional character of fire management. Our focus is on the Iberian Peninsula, although the results and conclusions presented here are common to many other regions of the world with a Mediterranean climate. The discussion is based on the concept of risk, starting with conjunctural risk factors, moving on to structural factors and including their interconnection. Conjunctural risk factors of weather and climate are discussed in the context of requirements for fire to occur, which include the existence of fuels, a state of dryness suitable for combustion and a source of ignition. The influence of climate and weather is discussed at different space–time scales and related to characteristics of vegetation and land management. The roles of atmospheric patterns, types of weather, extreme events, meteorological hazard indices in patterns of fire incidence, their grouping and definition of pyro-regions are presented. Within structural factors, human populations shape fire regimes by changing the ignition patterns, fighting wildfires, modifying landscapes (e.g., urbanization, deforestation and afforestation) and changing land management. Finally, the interconnection between these risk factors in the context of global changes, in particular climate change, and the challenges they pose to the regional landscape, forest and fire management are highlighted.
Decision Systems in Disaster Management with Application to Fire
Authors: Bostenaru Dan Maria , Crăciun Cerasella , Ibric Adrian 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis book chapter explores the utilization of an ontology of disaster images in the design of a decision support system for intervening in prevention or reconstruction efforts following events such as earthquakes, floods, and even fires. Grounded in philosophy, ontology in computer science relies on taxonomies, which are classifications of concepts used to facilitate object-oriented programming. To this end, existing collections of disaster images have been analyzed based on relevant literature. The objective here is to map the perception of disasters across different groups, including experts, the passive public, and actively affected individuals. These stakeholders play a crucial role in decision-making within a participatory planning framework, with the most advanced form being strategic planning. This approach offers an alternative to traditional urban regulatory and landscape planning. Urban planning and land use are essential considerations for non-structural disaster prevention interventions, particularly in areas where urban and wildland environments intersect. In such contexts, the coexistence of human settlements and forests in urban settings emphasizes the dual nature of forests as both natural heritage and a domain that calls for nature-based solutions.
Before the Boom: The Historical Background
Authors: O’Malley Eoin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe Celtic tiger boom was a major departure from previous experience since the Irish economy had a long previous history of relative weakness compared to many other European countries. The Irish economy had a chronic problem with insufficient generation of employment, resulting in high rates of emigration, as well as relatively low incomes. Previous attempts to promote industrial development included a period of protection and a focus on indigenous industry, followed by a more externally oriented free trade approach with a welcome for foreign investment after the late 1950s. By the mid-1980s, just before the boom, the economy was facing very serious problems, with record unemployment, a high rate of emigration and a major government financial crisis, as well as an industrial sector that was in crisis and an industrial policy that appeared to be failing.
Conclusion
Authors: O’Malley Eoin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractForeign direct investment was a major part of the explanation for the boom. A substantial surge in FDI coming into the EU was brought on by the Single European Market and by the rise of new high-tech industries. Ireland’s share of FDI in the EU was increased by Ireland’s existing tax incentives being particularly attractive for the type of companies that predominated in those rising new industries, and by a focus in Irish education on preparing graduates for those industries. It was possible for FDI to have a major impact on the overall economy because the Irish economy was relatively small and open. Increased growth in Irish indigenous companies, assisted by new industrial policy measures, also played a part. Strong growth in demand in export markets, the EU structural funds and social partnership all helped to boost growth. Heavy reliance on FDI may be a strategy that could work out well for Ireland in some periods, but it is a strategy with significant risks. To achieve more sustainable results, Ireland needs to put greater emphasis on the development of indigenous companies.
Konzeptioneller Rahmen
Authors: Tkotzyk Vanessa 
Published: March 2024

ZusammenfassungDas zweite Kapitel dieser Arbeit ist in drei Bereiche unterteilt. Um die Grundlage zur Analyse der Interviews hinsichtlich der Erforschung der Frage, warum Japanerinnen und Japaner nach Deutschland migrieren und sich hier niederlassen, zu schaffen, wird zunächst in Abschnitt 2.1.1 der Begriff der Migration erläutert und es wird mithilfe des „Kaigai Zairyū Hōjinsū Chōsa Tōkei (Annual Report on Japanese Nationals Living Abroad)“, der Angaben des Statistikamtes des Ministeriums für öffentliche Verwaltung, Inneres, Post und Telekommunikation (Sōmushō Tōkei Kyoku) und der Daten der GENESIS-Datenbank ein erster Überblick über mögliche Migrationsgründe gegeben. Im Anschluss daran, in Abschnitt 2.1.2, folgt ein Überblick über die Migrationstheorien und damit die Grundlage für die Interpretation der Ergebnisse der qualitativen Studie zum Migrationsverhalten der permanent ansässigen Japanerinnen und Japaner.
Pathogenic effects of Leu200Pro and Arg387His VRK1 protein variants on phosphorylation targets and H4K16 acetylation in distal hereditary motor neuropathy
Authors: Campos-Díaz Aurora , Morejón-García Patricia , Monte-Serrano Eva , Ros-Pardo David , Marcos-Alcalde Iñigo , Gómez-Puertas Paulino , Lazo Pedro A. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Rare recessive variants in the human VRK1 gene are associated with several motor neuron diseases (MND), such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, spinal muscular atrophy, or distal hereditary motor neuropathies (dHMN). A case with dHMN carrying two novel VRK1 gene variants, expressing Leu200Pro (L200P) and Arg387His (R387H) variant proteins, identified that these protein variants are functionally different. The Leu200Pro variant shares with several variants in the catalytic domain the loss of the kinase activity on different substrates, such as histones, p53, or coilin. However, the distal Arg387His variant and the distal Trp375* (W375X) chinese variant, both located at the end of the low complexity C-terminal region and proximal to the termination codon, retain their catalytic activity on some substrates, and mechanistically their functional impairment is different. The L200P variant, as well as most VRK1 pathogenic variants, impairs the phosphorylation of BAF and histone H4K16 acetylation, which are required for DNA attachment to the nuclear envelope and chromatin accessibility to DNA repair mechanisms, respectively. The R387H variant impairs phosphorylation of H2AX, an early step in different types of DNA damage responses. The functional variability of VRK1 protein variants and their different combinations are a likely contributor to the clinical phenotypic heterogeneity of motor neuron and neurological diseases associated with rare VRK1 pathogenic variants.

Key messages

VRK1 variants implicated in motor neuron diseases are functionally different.

The L200P variant is kinase inactive, and the R387H variant is partially active.

VRK1 variants alter H4K16 acetylation and loss of coilin and BAF phosphorylation.

VRK1 variants alter Cajal bodies and DNA damage responses.

VRK1 variant combination determines the neurological phenotype heterogeneity.
A thermo-mechanically coupled constitutive model for semi-crystalline polymers at finite strains: Mechanical and thermal characterization of polyamide 6 blends
Authors: Reuvers Marie-Christine , Kulkarni Sameer , Boes Birte , Felder Sebastian , Wutzler André , Johlitz Michael , Lion Alexander , Brepols Tim , Reese Stefanie 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn the field of material modeling, thermoplastic polymers are often studied because of their complex material behavior and their prevalence in industry applications due to their low cost and wide range of applications. Nowadays, where reusability becomes more and more important, materials which can undergo reversible thermomechanical deformations are appealing for, e.g., the construction of car body components. To predict such complex forming processes with multiple influencing factors, such as temperature, strain rate or underlying material morphology, model formulations are needed that account for these influences simultaneously and are validated against experimental data. Unfortunately, up to now only a few contributions are available which consider all these phenomena. In addition, the range of process parameters considered is often narrow due to the experimental effort required for testing. This usually results in limited predictive capabilities of the model. To overcome these limitations, in this work, a thermo-mechanically coupled material model is developed that accounts for the underlying morphology in terms of the degree of crystallinity (DOC). The model formulation is derived in a thermodynamically consistent manner, incorporating coupled nonlinear visco-elastic and elasto-plastic material behavior at finite strains. To characterize and further validate the model, mechanical as well as thermal experiments are conducted for polyamide 6 (PA6). Here, a blending strategy of PA6 together with an amorphous co-polymer is introduced during specimen production to achieve a wider range of stable DOCs(approximately 15%). The model formulation is successfully applied to experimental results and its predictions are in good agreement with experimental observations.