bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adaptable robots, ethics, and trust: a qualitative and philosophical exploration of the individual experience of trustworthy AI
Authors: Sheir Stephanie , Manzini Arianna , Smith Helen , Ives Jonathan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMuch has been written about the need for trustworthy artificial intelligence (AI), but the underlying meaning of trust and trustworthiness can vary or be used in confusing ways. It is not always clear whether individuals are speaking of a technology’s trustworthiness, a developer’s trustworthiness, or simply of gaining the trust of users by any means. In sociotechnical circles, trustworthiness is often used as a proxy for ‘the good’, illustrating the moral heights to which technologies and developers ought to aspire, at times with a multitude of diverse requirements; or at other times, no specification at all. In philosophical circles, there is doubt that the concept of trust should be applied at all to technologies rather than their human creators. Nevertheless, people continue to intuitively reason about trust in technologies in their everyday language. This qualitative study employed an empirical ethics methodology to address how developers and users define and construct requirements for trust throughout development and use, through a series of interviews. We found that different accounts of trust (rational, affective, credentialist, norms based, relational) served as the basis for individual granting of trust in technologies and operators. Ultimately, the most significant requirement for user trust and assessment of trustworthiness was the accountability of AI developers for the outputs of AI systems, hinging on the identification of accountable moral agents and perceived value alignment between the user and developer’s interests.
Fälschliche Todesfeststellung durch Fehler bei der ärztlichen Leichenschau
Authors: Rohwer J. , Basner A. , Preuß-Wössner J. 
Published: April 2024

ZusammenfassungDas erste Ziel einer ärztlichen Leichenschau ist die sichere Feststellung des Todes. Dies setzt wiederum die Kenntnis über die Entstehung und das zeitliche Auftreten sicherer Todeszeichen voraus. Einflussfaktoren wie beispielsweise Vorerkrankungen, Todesursache oder die Auffindesituation können sich auf den Ausprägungsgrad sicherer Todeszeichen auswirken und eine Überprüfung sicherer Todeszeichen erschweren. Grundvoraussetzung für das Feststellen sicherer Todeszeichen ist dabei eine sorgfältige und ordnungsgemäße Durchführung der Leichenschau. Insbesondere in Fällen, in denen eine Unterkühlung vorliegt, kann das Resultat einer nicht ordnungsgemäß durchgeführten Leichenschau die falsch-positive Bescheinigung eines sicher eingetretenen Todes sein. Es werden im Folgenden zwei Fälle von Scheintod mit fälschlicher Todesfeststellung vorgestellt und ihre Ursachen im Kontext einer nicht ordnungsgemäß durchgeführten Leichenschau diskutiert.
Secondary fracture prevention in primary care: a narrative review
Authors: Wang Mawson , Seibel Markus J. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe global burden of osteoporosis continues to rise with an ageing population. Untreated osteoporotic fractures not only heighten the risk of subsequent fractures but are associated with excess mortality. Although primary care guidelines consistently stress the importance of secondary fracture prevention, fewer than 20% of patients are appropriately treated for osteoporosis following an initial osteoporotic fracture. This worldwide phenomenon is known as the osteoporosis care gap. This literature review examines the barriers to secondary fracture prevention in primary care and evaluates the effectiveness of targeted primary care interventions. Common themes emerged from the majority of qualitative studies, including a need for improved communication between the hospital team and primary care, better defined responsibilities and osteoporosis-directed education for the primary care physicians. Quantitative studies demonstrated that most targeted, intensive interventions aimed at educating patients and their primary care physician about osteoporosis treatment significantly increased rates of investigation and treatment. Greater uptake of models of secondary fracture prevention in primary care is urgently needed to address the osteoporosis care gap.
Bibliometric analysis of Naunyn–Schmiedeberg’s Archives of Pharmacology (1947–1974)
Authors: Basol Mert Erkan , Seifert Roland 
Published: April 2024

AbstractNaunyn–Schmiedeberg’s Archives of Pharmacology is the oldest pharmacological journal, founded in 1873. This bibliometric analysis examines the pivotal transformations within Naunyn–Schmiedeberg’s Archives of Pharmacology from 1947 to 1974, identifying significant shifts from a national focus to a period of extensive internationalization and English-language adoption. Employing Python and Beautiful Soup for data extraction from SpringerLink, the study maps the journal’s trajectory through post-World War II development, highlighting the decline in publication rates due to its initial emphasis on German-language articles predominantly from Germany. The transition towards English publications in the late 1960s is marked as a turning point, catalyzing an increase in global citations, publications, and recognition. This period witnesses the journal broadening its scientific horizon, with a notable emphasis on the cholinergic, adrenergic, and dopaminergic systems, reflecting their central role in the journal’s scientific discourse and citation prominence. The analysis demonstrates how shifting to English for academic publishing played a crucial role in revitalizing the journal’s impact and visibility on the international stage.
Ischemia does not provoke the full immune training repertoire in human cardiac fibroblasts
Authors: Mann Constantin , van Alst Carolin , Gorressen Simone , Nega Rachel , Dobrev Dobromir , Grandoch Maria , Fender Anke C. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractTrained immunity of monocytes, endothelial, and smooth muscle cells augments the cytokine response to secondary stimuli. Immune training is characterized by stabilization of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α, mTOR activation, and aerobic glycolysis. Cardiac fibroblast (CF)-myofibroblast transition upon myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) features epigenetic and metabolic adaptations reminiscent of trained immunity. We assessed the impact of I/R on characteristics of immune training in human CF and mouse myocardium. I/R was simulated in vitro with transient metabolic inhibition. CF primed with simulated I/R or control buffer were 5 days later re-stimulated with Pam3CSK for 24 h. Mice underwent transient left anterior descending artery occlusion or sham operation with reperfusion for up to 5 days. HIF-regulated metabolic targets and cytokines were assessed by qPCR, immunoblot, and ELISA and glucose consumption, lactate release, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) by chromogenic assay. Simulated I/R increased HIF-1α stabilization, mTOR phosphorylation, glucose consumption, lactate production, and transcription of PFKB3 and F2RL3, a HIF-regulated target gene, in human CF. PGK1 and LDH mRNAs were suppressed. Intracellular LDH transiently increased after simulated I/R, and extracellular LDH showed sustained elevation. I/R priming increased abundance of pro-caspase-1, auto-cleaved active caspase-1, and the expression and secretion of interleukin (IL)-1β, but did not augment Pam3CSK-stimulated cytokine transcription or secretion. Myocardial I/R in vivo increased abundance of HIF-1 and the precursor and cleaved forms of caspase-1, caspase-11, and caspase-8, but not of LDH-A or phospho-mTOR. I/R partially reproduces features of immune training in human CF, specifically HIF-1α stabilization, aerobic glycolysis, mTOR phosphorylation, and PFKB3 transcription. I/R does not augment PGK1 or LDH expression or the cytokine response to Pam3CSK. Regulation of PAR4 and inflammasome caspases likely occurs independently of an immune training repertoire.
Graphical Abstract
Ischemia provokes only part of the immune training repertoire in cardiac fibroblasts. Trained immunity in myeloid and non-myeloid cells is triggered by certain infectious and sterile triggers like β-glucan or oxidized LDL, respectively. Key characteristics of immune training are as follows: stabilization of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α, mTOR activation, transcriptional induction of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK)1 and 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 3 (PFKFB3), increased glycolysis and lactate production, and enhanced cytokine response to a secondary stimulus such as the toll-like receptor agonist Pam3CSK4. Simulated ischemia/reperfusion (SI/R) reproduces some but not all of these features in human cardiac fibroblasts (CF) as indicated with asterisk (*).
On Protein Loops, Prior Molecular States and Common Ancestors of Life
Authors: Caetano-Anollés Kelsey , Aziz M. Fayez , Mughal Fizza , Caetano-Anollés Gustavo 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe principle of continuity demands the existence of prior molecular states and common ancestors responsible for extant macromolecular structure. Here, we focus on the emergence and evolution of loop prototypes – the elemental architects of protein domain structure. Phylogenomic reconstruction spanning superkingdoms and viruses generated an evolutionary chronology of prototypes with six distinct evolutionary phases defining a most parsimonious evolutionary progression of cellular life. Each phase was marked by strategic prototype accumulation shaping the structures and functions of common ancestors. The last universal common ancestor (LUCA) of cells and viruses and the last universal cellular ancestor (LUCellA) defined stem lines that were structurally and functionally complex. The evolutionary saga highlighted transformative forces. LUCA lacked biosynthetic ribosomal machinery, while the pivotal LUCellA lacked essential DNA biosynthesis and modern transcription. Early proteins therefore relied on RNA for genetic information storage but appeared initially decoupled from it, hinting at transformative shifts of genetic processing. Urancestral loop types suggest advanced folding designs were present at an early evolutionary stage. An exploration of loop geometric properties revealed gradual replacement of prototypes with α-helix and β-strand bracing structures over time, paving the way for the dominance of other loop types. AlphFold2-generated atomic models of prototype accretion described patterns of fold emergence. Our findings favor a ‛processual’ model of evolving stem lines aligned with Woese’s vision of a communal world. This model prompts discussing the ‘problem of ancestors’ and the challenges that lie ahead for research in taxonomy, evolution and complexity.
Urgent ureterorenoscopy as a primary treatment for ureteral stone: why not?
Authors: Uğur Ramazan , Yağmur İlyas 
Published: April 2024

AbstractTo evaluate the feasibility of urgent ureteroscopy (uURS) and elective ureteroscopy (eURS) in the management of patients with renal colic due to ureteral stones. Patients who were operated for ureteral stones between September 2020 and March 2022 were determined retrospectively. The patients who were operated within the first 24 h constituted the uURS group, while the patients who were operated after 24 h were classified as eURS. No limiting factors such as age, gender and concomitant disease were determined as inclusion criteria. Patients with bilateral or multiple ureteral stones, bleeding diathesis, patients requiring emergency nephrostomy or decompression with ureteral JJ stent, and pregnant women were not included. The two groups were compared in terms of stone-free rate, complications, and overall outcomes. According to the inclusion–exclusion criteria, a total of 572 patients were identified, including 142 female and 430 male patients. There were 219 patients in the first group, the uURS arm, and 353 patients in the eURS arm. The mean stone size was 8.1 ± 2.6. The stone-free rate was found to be 87.8% (502) in general, and 92 and 85% for uURS and eURS, respectively. No major intraoperative or postoperative complications were observed in any of the patients. Urgent URS can be performed effectively and safely as the primary treatment in patients with renal colic due to ureteral stones. In this way, the primary treatment of the patient is carried out, as well as the increased workload, additional examination, treatment and related morbidities are prevented.
Association of JAK2V617F allele burden and clinical correlates in polycythemia vera: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Chen Chih-Cheng , Chen Justin L. , Lin Alex Jia-Hong , Yu Lennex Hsueh-Lin , Hou Hsin-An 
Published: April 2024

AbstractJanus kinase 2 (JAK2) V617F mutation is present in most patients with polycythemia vera (PV). One persistently puzzling aspect unresolved is the association between JAK2V617F allele burden (also known as variant allele frequency) and the relevant clinical characteristics. Numerous studies have reported associations between allele burden and both hematologic and clinical features. While there are strong indications linking high allele burden in PV patients with symptoms and clinical characteristics, not all associations are definitive, and disparate and contradictory findings have been reported. Hence, this study aimed to synthesize existing data from the literature to better understand the association between JAK2V617F allele burden and relevant clinical correlates. Out of the 1,851 studies identified, 39 studies provided evidence related to the association between JAK2V617F allele burden and clinical correlates, and 21 studies were included in meta-analyses. Meta-analyses of correlation demonstrated that leucocyte and erythrocyte counts were significantly and positively correlated with JAK2V617F allele burden, whereas platelet count was not. Meta-analyses of standardized mean difference demonstrated that leucocyte and hematocrit were significantly higher in patients with higher JAK2V617F allele burden, whereas platelet count was significantly lower. Meta-analyses of odds ratio demonstrated that patients who had higher JAK2V617F allele burden had a significantly greater odds ratio for developing pruritus, splenomegaly, thrombosis, myelofibrosis, and acute myeloid leukemia. Our study integrates data from approximately 5,462 patients, contributing insights into the association between JAK2V617F allele burden and various hematological parameters, symptomatic manifestations, and complications. However, varied methods of data presentation and statistical analyses prevented the execution of high-quality meta-analyses.
Ion uptake in naturally acidic water
Authors: Gonzalez R. J. , Patrick M. L. , Val A. L. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe first studies on ion regulation in fish exposed to low pH, which were inspired by the Acid Rain environmental crisis, seemed to indicate that ion transport at the gills was completely and irreversibly inhibited at pH 4.0–4.5 and below. However, work on characid fish native to the Rio Negro, a naturally acidic, blackwater tributary of the Amazon River, found that they possess ion transport mechanisms that are completely insensitive to pHs as low as 3.25. As more species were examined it appeared that pH-insensitive transport was a trait shared by many, if not most, species in the Order Characiformes. Subsequently, a few other species of fish have been shown to be able to transport ions at low pH, in particular zebrafish (Danio rerio), which show rapid recovery of Na+ uptake at pH 4.0 after initial inhibition. Measurements of rates of Na+ transport during exposure to pharmacological agents that inhibit various transport proteins suggested that characiform fish do not utilize the generally accepted mechanisms for Na+ transport that rely on some form of H+ extrusion. Examination of zebrafish transport at low pH suggest the rapid recovery may be due to a novel Na+/K+ exchanger, but after longer term exposure they may rely on a coupling of Na+/H+ exchangers and NH3 excretion. Further work is needed to clarify these mechanisms of transport and to find other acid-tolerant species to fully gain an appreciation of the diversity of physiological mechansisms involved.
Evaluation of a new two-step frailty assessment of head and neck patients in a prospective cohort
Authors: Padovan Beniamino Vincenzoni , Bijl M. A. J. , Langendijk J. A. , van der Laan H. P. , Van Dijk B. A. C. , Festen S. , Halmos G. B. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Assessing frailty, in head and neck cancer (HNC) patients is key when choosing appropriate treatment. Optimal screening is challenging, as it should be feasible and should avoid over-referral for comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) This study aims to evaluate the association between geriatric assessment using a new two-step care pathway, referral to geriatrician and adverse outcomes.

Methods
This institutional retrospective analysis on a prospective cohort analysed the multimodal geriatric assessment (GA) of newly diagnosed HNC patients. Uni- and multivariable logistic regression was performed to study the association between the screening tests, and referral to the geriatrician for complete geriatric screening, and adverse outcomes.

Results
This study included 539 patients, of whom 276 were screened. Patients who underwent the GA, were significantly older and more often had advanced tumour stages compared to non-screened patients. Referral to the geriatrician was done for 30.8% of patients. Of the 130 patients who underwent surgery, 26/130 (20%) experienced clinically relevant postoperative complications. Of the 184 patients who underwent (radio)chemotherapy, 50/184 (27.2%) had clinically relevant treatment-related toxicity. Age, treatment intensity, polypharmacy and cognitive deficits, were independently associated with referral to geriatrician. A medium to high risk of malnutrition was independently associated with acute radiation induced toxicity and adverse outcomes in general.

Conclusion
The current study showed a 30.8% referral rate for CGA by a geriatrician. Age, treatment intensity, cognitive deficits and polypharmacy were associated with higher rates of referral. Furthermore, nutritional status was found to be an important negative factor for adverse treatment outcomes, that requires attention.
VGGish transfer learning model for the efficient detection of payload weight of drones using Mel-spectrogram analysis
Authors: El-Latif Eman I. Abd , El-Sayad Noha Emad , Mohammed Kamel K. , Darwish Ashraf , Hassanien Aboul Ella 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis paper presents an accurate model for predicting different payload weights from 3DR SOLO drone acoustic emission. The dataset consists of eleven different payload weights, ranging from 0 to 500 g with a 50 g increment. Initially, the dataset's drone sounds are broken up into 34 frames, each frame was about 5 s. Then, Mel-spectrogram and VGGish model are employed for feature extraction from these sound signals. CNN network is utilized for classification, and during the training phase, the network's weights are iteratively updated using the Adam optimization algorithm. Finally, two experiments are performed to evaluate the model. The first experiment is performed utilizing the original data (before augmentation), while the second used the augmented data. Different payload weights are identified with a potential accuracy of 99.98%, sensitivity of 99.98%, and specificity of 100% based on experimental results. Moreover, a comprehensive comparison with prior works that utilized the same dataset validates the superiority of the proposed model.
Outcomes after radioscapholunate arthrodesis for intra-articular malunion of distal radius fractures
Authors: Safoury Yasser , Afifi Ahmed , Farghaly Ahmed , Khalid Omar 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To study the clinical, radiological, and functional outcomes after of radioscapholunate (RSL) fusion for intra-articular malunion of the distal radius.

Methods
This retrospective study included 26 patients (17 males and 9 females) with intra-articular malunion of distal radius fractures who underwent RSL arthrodesis using locked miniplates (without distal scaphoid excision) between 2012 and 2020. Their mean age was 43 years (range, 32–56). Patients were assessed radiographically for union and clinically for range of motion, grip strength, and pain (assessed by Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for pain). Functional evaluation was performed by using the Mayo modified wrist score (MMWS) and the Disabilities for the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) questionnaire.

Results
All patients showed complete healing at the fusion site after a mean of 8.7 weeks (range, 8–12). The mean follow-up period was 72 months (range, 60–84). The pinch strength improved from a mean of 6.2 kg (range, 3–12) to a mean of 9.8 kg (range, 5–18) which represents 80% of the contralateral side. The mean pinch strength was 7 kg (range, 5–18) which presents 80% of the other side. VAS for pain showed a mean improvement of 72.6%. The DASH score improved to a mean of 19.2 (range, 14–24). The MMWS improved to a mean of 68 (range, 45–86). At the final follow-up period, no degenerative changes were detected in the midcarpal joint.

Conclusion
RSL arthrodesis (using locked miniplates without distal scaphoid excision) is a reliable surgical procedure to manage cases of radiocarpal OA after intra-articular malunion of distal radius fractures with good clinical and radiological outcomes.

Level of evidence
Level IV- therapeutic.
Aptamer decorated PDA@magnetic silica microparticles for bacteria purification
Authors: Kavruk Murat , Babaie Zahra , Kibar Güneş , Çetin Barbaros , Yeşilkaya Hasan , Amrani Yassine , Dursun Ali Doğan , Özalp V. Cengiz 
Published: April 2024

AbstractOne significant constraint in the advancement of biosensors is the signal-to-noise ratio, which is adversely affected by the presence of interfering factors such as blood in the sample matrix. In the present investigation, a specific aptamer binding was chosen for its affinity, while exhibiting no binding affinity towards non-target bacterial cells. This selective binding property was leveraged to facilitate the production of magnetic microparticles decorated with aptamers. A novel assay was developed to effectively isolate S. pneumoniae from PBS or directly from blood samples using an aptamer with an affinity constant of 72.8 nM. The capture experiments demonstrated efficiencies up to 87% and 66% are achievable for isolating spiked S. pneumoniae in 1 mL PBS and blood samples, respectively.
Graphical abstract
Der Palliativkonsiliardienst an der Christian-Doppler-Klinik Salzburg stellt sich vor
Authors: Novak Helmut F. , Otto Ferdinand , Rösler Cornelia , Berger Anna , Steinkellner Dominik , Mayr-Pirker Brigitte J. 
Published: April 2024

Zusammenfassung2023 wurde an der Christian-Doppler-Klinik Salzburg mit finanzieller Unterstützung des Landes Salzburg nach dem Hospiz-Palliativfondsgesetz ein Palliativkonsiliardienst eingerichtet. Solange es an der Christian-Doppler-Klinik keine eigene Palliativstation gibt, werden Patient:inen mit medizinischen und pflegerischen Anliegen und Bedürfnissen aus Palliative Care an den Universitätskliniken für Geriatrie, Neurologie, Neurochirurgie und Psychiatrie von multiprofessionellen Teams aus speziell ausgebildeten Ärzt:innen und Pflegepersonen betreut. Der Konsiliardienst hat mit November 2023 seine Arbeit aufgenommen und von den anfordernden Stationen und Abteilungen bereits ein positives Feedback erhalten.