bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Photo‐induced catalytic poly‐trimerization of polyisocyanurates
Authors: Wolff Raffael , Liska Robert , Knaack Patrick 
Published: April 2024

AbstractRadiation curing is an excellent option for the economical implementation of coatings while simultaneously producing technically advanced products. Nevertheless, the number of materials used is mainly limited to pure (meth)acrylate and epoxy systems. Polyisocyanurates could be an excellent addition to this range, especially due to their thermal and chemical stability. In this work, through the use of a transition metal‐based photocatalyst, as well as the use of 1,5‐diazabicyclo(4.3.0)non‐5‐en as a co‐catalyst, formulations are presented, which enable pure polyisocyanurates to be used in radiation‐based coating technology. Trimerization with this system using any primary isocyanates worked and consequently thus opened the possibility for aromatic and aliphatic polyisocyanurates. Using monofunctional isocyanates, the theoretical background of trimerization as well as the theoretical enthalpy is evaluated and the possibilities as well as the limitations for poly‐trimerization of polyisocyanurates are analyzed. Finally, photo‐induced catalytic poly‐trimerization of aliphatic isocyanates is used to obtain samples with a Tg in the range of 100 °C and onset of degradation above 400 °C. Thus, for the first time, a framework for the use of isocyanates in the field of photopolymerization and, in particular, in the field of radiation‐based coating of polyisocyanurates is provided for further development.
Thermoplastic elastomer obtained by photopolymerization‐induced concomitant macrophase and microphase separations
Authors: Pascassio‐Comte Xavier , Pellerin Virginie , Khoukh Abdel , Save Maud , Derail Christophe , Rubatat Laurent 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWe report on concomitant photoinitiated polymerization‐induced macrophase and microphase separation strategies to produce hierarchically structured recyclable poly(n‐butyl acrylate) based elastomeric materials. The investigated crosslinker‐free formulations are composed of n‐butyl acrylate monomer and a UV photo‐initiator mixed with poly(methyl methacrylate)‐b‐poly(n‐butyl acrylate)‐poly(methyl methacrylate) ABA triblock copolymers. Two different pre‐synthesized copolymers are used to control the macrophase separation. One synthesized by nitroxide‐mediated radical polymerization (NMRP), and a second by anionic polymerization (AP). Essentially, NMRP route leads to copolymer with unsaturated chain ends, activated during UV photopolymerization. On the other hand, the copolymer synthesized by AP are chemically inert. That dissimilarity is also highlighted by time‐resolved FTIR and SAXS, performed to monitor respectively monomer conversion and nanostructure evolution during photopolymerization. The experimental data demonstrate that the reactivity of the triblock copolymer impacts drastically the polymerization kinetics and the self‐assembly processes. Finally, the rheological analysis shows that the produced materials present a solid‐like behavior at low frequencies despite a large PnBA content (i.e., 85 wt%). This property is associated to the phase segregation and to the sample hierarchical morphology.
Development and validation of the CARE‐FCR: A caregiver‐specific measure of fear of cancer recurrence and progression
Authors: Webb Kyra , Sharpe Louise , Russell Hayley , Shaw Joanne 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectivesFear of cancer recurring or progressing (FCR) is a concern reported by people living with cancer and caregivers alike. Whilst advances in survivor FCR have been made, less is known about caregiver FCR. As a result, measurement of caregiver FCR has relied on instruments developed for survivor populations. Findings from qualitative research indicate caregiver experiences of FCR differ. This study aimed to develop and evaluate the psychometric properties of a caregiver specific measure of FCR (CARE‐FCR).MethodsFour‐hundred and thirty‐eight caregivers (56% female, Mage = 50.53 years, SD = 17.38) completed the online survey including demographic questions, information about care provided, the person they care for, as well as the CARE‐FCR. Convergent validity was assessed using pre‐existing measures of fear of recurrence and progression, depression, anxiety, death anxiety and meta‐cognitions. The extraversion dimension of the Big Five Personality Trait questionnaire was used to assess divergent validity. The survey was completed 2 weeks later to assess test‐retest reliability. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was used to determine factor structure, followed by confirmatory factor analysis.ResultsEFA indicated a 3‐factor structure: progression, recurrence, and communication. Evidence for convergent, divergent, and test‐retest reliability was adequate. Internal consistency for the CARE‐FCR was strong, overall Cronbach's α = 0.96 (progression = 0.94, recurrence = 0.92 and communication = 0.78).ConclusionsWe present a theoretically informed and psychometrically robust measure of caregiver FCR. The CARE‐FCR facilitates quantification of caregiver FCR, capturing unique aspects specific to this population.
Adhesin domains responsible for binding bacteria to surfaces they colonize project outwards from companion split domains
Authors: Graham Laurie A. , Hansen Thomas , Yang Yanzhi , Sherik Mustafa , Ye Qilu , Soares Blake P. , Kinrade Brett , Guo Shuaiqi , Davies Peter L. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBacterial adhesins attach their hosts to surfaces that the bacteria will colonize. This surface adhesion occurs through specific ligand‐binding domains located towards the distal end of the long adhesin molecules. However, recognizing which of the many adhesin domains are structural and which are ligand binding has been difficult up to now. Here we have used the protein structure modeling program AlphaFold2 to predict structures for these giant 0.2‐ to 1.5‐megadalton proteins. Crystal structures previously solved for several adhesin regions are in good agreement with the models. Whereas most adhesin domains are linked in a linear fashion through their N‐ and C‐terminal ends, ligand‐binding domains can be recognized by budding out from a companion core domain so that their ligand‐binding sites are projected away from the axis of the adhesin for maximal exposure to their targets. These companion domains are “split” in their continuity by projecting the ligand‐binding domain outwards. The “split domains” are mostly β‐sandwich extender modules, but other domains like a β‐solenoid can serve the same function. Bioinformatic analyses of Gram‐negative bacterial sequences revealed wide variety ligand‐binding domains are used in their Repeats‐in‐Toxin adhesins. The ligands for many of these domains have yet to be identified but known ligands include various cell‐surface glycans, proteins, and even ice. Recognizing the ligands to which the adhesins bind could lead to ways of blocking colonization by bacterial pathogens. Engineering different ligand‐binding domains into an adhesin has the potential to change the surfaces to which bacteria bind.
Who intended to leave? Patterns and impacts of Hong Kong's recent wave of migration
Authors: Chong Eric K. , Chan Anita K. W. , Wong Mathew Y. H. , Lee Man Y. K. , Cheung Lewis T. O. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDuring Hong Kong's 2019 political turmoil and the subsequent impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, a rapid rise in turnover rates in certain occupations, such as teachers, medical workers and civil servants, was observed. Some attributed this trend to the increasing rate of emigration. Previous studies have suggested that younger and better‐educated individuals are more likely to emigrate, and that the emigration of a specific group of the population has various impacts on the society of origin. Therefore, we explored the demographic characteristics of potential emigrants in Hong Kong and contrasted such findings with a previous wave of migration to examine the potential impact of the current wave. Based on a territory‐wide telephone survey, we found that (1) the associations of age and level of education with the intention to emigrate internationally (i.e., to destinations other than mainland China) corresponded to the typical young, well‐educated emigrant described in the literature; (2) a higher level of income was associated with a lower intention of international migration; (3) people in occupations such as professionals and managers, clerical and service workers and students reported a greater intention to emigrate than other groups; and (4) individuals born in Hong Kong were more likely to emigrate and less likely to move to mainland China than those born in mainland China. The implications of these intended migration patterns for ageing and fertility, short‐ and long‐term workforce shortages in tertiary sectors and the city's overall competitiveness are discussed.
Tuberous sclerosis complex associated lymphangioleiomyomatosis caused by de novo mutation of TSC2 gene in Vietnam: A case report
Authors: Van Luong Dinh , Huy Le Ngoc , Giang Nguyen Xuan , Thu Nguyen Huu Hong , Ha Nguyen Hai , Binh Nguyen Huy 
Published: April 2024

AbstractLymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) represents a rare, insidiously progressive disease of the pulmonary system, marked by cystic degradation of lung tissues leading to respiratory compromise. Pulmonary LAM has been identified as being associated with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) in its pulmonary manifestation (TSC‐LAM), a multisystem genetic disorder resulting from mutations in either the TSC1 or TSC2 genes. Herein, we describe an early 20s female admitted to the hospital with dyspnea, chest pain, hypopigmented macules, and facial fibroadenomas. She has a medical history of renal angiomyolipomas (ALMs) and pneumothoraces. Diagnosis with LAM was confirmed through high‐resolution computed tomography (HRCT) scan and histopathology of lung biopsy. Whole exome sequencing analysis identified a frameshift mutation c.4504del (p.L1502Cfs*74) in the patient's TSC2 gene. This variant was de novo due to its absence in the patient's parents. This is the first report on the clinical and genetic etiology of TSC‐LAM in Vietnam.
Facile Peptide Macrocyclization and Multifunctionalization via Cyclen Installation
Authors: Cheung Tsz‐Lam , Tam Leo K. B. , Tam Wing‐Sze , Zhang Leilei , Kai Hei‐Yui , Thor Waygen , Wu Yue , Lam Pak‐Lun , Yeung Yik‐Hoi , Xie Chen , Chau Ho‐Fai , Lo Wai‐Sum , Zhang Tao , Wong Ka‐Leung 
Published: April 2024

AbstractCyclen‐peptide bioconjugates are usually prepared in multiple steps that require individual preparation and purification of the cyclic peptide and hydrophilic cyclen derivatives. An efficient strategy is discovered for peptide cyclization and functionalization toward lanthanide probe via three components intermolecular crosslinking on solid‐phase peptide synthesis with high conversion yield. Multifunctionality can be conferred by introducing different modular parts or/and metal ions on the cyclen‐embedded cyclopeptide. As a proof‐of‐concept, a luminescent Eu3+ complex and a Gd3+‐based contrasting agent for in vitro optical imaging and in vivo magnetic resonance imaging, respectively, are demonstrated through utilizing this preparation of cyclen‐embedded cyclic arginylglycylaspartic acid (RGD) peptide.
Global dynamics of a two-species clustering model with Lotka–Volterra competition
Authors: Tao Weirun , Wang Zhi-An , Yang Wen 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis paper is concerned with the global dynamics of a two-species Grindrod clustering model with Lotka–Volterra competition. The model takes the advective flux to depend directly upon local population densities without requiring intermediate signals like attractants or repellents to form the aggregation so as to increase the chances of survival of individuals like human populations forming small nucleated settlements. By imposing appropriate boundary conditions, we establish the global boundedness of solutions in two-dimensional bounded domains. Moreover, we prove the global stability of spatially homogeneous steady states under appropriate conditions on system parameters, and show that the rate of convergence to the coexistence steady state is exponential while the rate of convergence to the competitive exclusion steady state is algebraic.
Performance evaluation of polymer-filled metal fused filament fabrication tooling for profile extrusion
Authors: Kain Martin , Parenti Paolo , Annoni Massimiliano , Calaon Matteo , Pedersen David Bue , Tosello Guido 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe application of additive manufacturing (AM) for tooling in the mould and die industry brings a disruptive potential in process performance, design flexibility and product enhancements. Maturing of existing AM technologies and emerging technologies such as metal-fused filament fabrication (metal FFF) can further support the applicability of AM tooling in polymer profile extrusion. This study provides a complete characterization of metal FFF 17–4 PH stainless-steel die inserts and evaluates their applicability in a polymer extrusion process chain. The presented experimental assessment pivots on the metrological characterization of the produced inserts and the impact of the insert characteristics on the final extrudates’ product. Considering a conventionally manufactured benchmark insert, produced via subtractive methods (CNC machining and electrical discharge machining), comparable results for AM tools in terms of extrudates’ quality and process repeatability are presented. It was found that despite significant higher average surface parameters for AM insert tools (Sa = 2–9 µm vs. Sa = 0.3–0.9 µm for dies manufactured by machining), a much smaller difference was observed in the resulting quality of polymer extrudates’ product. The roughness generation effect of polymer profile extrusion based on the different dies’ internal surface roughness topography and the effect on extrudates product was evaluated. Three-dimensional average roughness Sa on acrylonitrile butadiene styrene extrudate surfaces obtained from conventionally machined dies was in the range of 0.3 µm. For extrudates obtained from additively manufactured dies, their Sa was in the rage of 0.5 µm (despite the much higher surface roughness of FFF dies compared to machined dies). The results confirm that with suitable extrudates’ product requirement, it is feasible to apply metal FFF as the selected manufacturing method for tooling in polymer profile extrusion.
A Systematic Literature Review of Substance-Use Prevention Programs Amongst Refugee Youth
Authors: Aleer Elijah , Alam Khorshed , Rashid Afzalur 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis paper aims at exploring existing literature on substance use prevention programs, focusing on refugee youth. A comprehensive search for relevant articles was conducted on Scopus, PubMed, and EBSCOhost Megafile databases including Academic Search Ultimate, APA PsycArticles, APA PsycInfo, CINAHL with Full Text, E-Journals, Humanities Source Ultimate, Psychology and Behavioural Sciences Collection, and Sociology Source Ultimate. Initially, a total of 485 studies were retrieved; nine papers were retained for quality assessment after removing duplicates. Of the nine studies that met the inclusion criteria, only three are found to partially addressed substance use prevention programs. The two substance use prevention programs that emerge from the study are Adelante Social and Marketing Campaign (ASMC), and Screening and Brief Intervention (SBI). Six others explored protective factors and strategies for preventing substance use. The study findings show that refugee youth held negative attitudes toward institutions that provide substance use prevention programs. This review concluded that refugee youth often experience persistent substance use as they are not aware of prevention programs that may reduce the prevalence and/or severity of such misuse.
Neighborhood-scale lead (Pb) speciation in Akron, Ohio (USA) soils: primary sources, post-deposition diagenesis, and high concentrations of labile Pb
Authors: Santoro Nicholas , Singer David M. , Mulvey Bridget K. , Halasa Katrina , Teutsch Nadya , Shedleski Allie , Wood Madison 
Published: April 2024

AbstractLead (Pb) poses a significant risk to infants and children through exposure to contaminated soil and dust. However, there is a lack of information on Pb speciation and distribution at the neighborhood-scale. This work aimed to determine: (1) the distribution of acid-extractable (labile) Pb and other metals ([M]AE) in two neighborhoods in Akron, Ohio (USA) (Summit Lake and West Akron; n = 82 samples); and (2) Pb speciation and potential sources. Total metal concentration ([M]T) and [M]AE was strongly correlated for Pb and Zn (R2 of 0.66 and 0.55, respectively), corresponding to 35% and 33% acid-extractability. Lead and Zn exhibited a strong positive correlation with each other (R2 = 0.56 for MT and 0.68 for MAE). Three types of Pb-bearing phases were observed by electron microscopy: (1) galena (PbS)-like (5–10 μm); (2) paint chip residuals (10–20 μm); and (3) Pb-bearing Fe-oxides (20 μm). Isotope ratio values for PbAE were 1.159 to 1.245 for 206Pb/207Pb, and 1.999 to 2.098 for 208Pb/206Pb, and there was a statistically significant difference between the two neighborhoods (p = 0.010 for 206Pb/207Pb and p = 0.009 for 208Pb/206Pb). Paint and petrol are the dominant sources of Pb, with some from coal and fly ash. Lead speciation and distribution is variable and reflects a complex relationship between the input of primary sources and post-deposition transformations. This work highlights the importance of community science collaborations to expand the reach of soil sampling and establish areas most at risk based on neighborhood-dependent Pb speciation and distribution for targeted remediation.
Chemical, biochemical, and bioactivity studies on some soda lakes, Wadi El-Natrun, Egypt
Authors: Mahmoud Abeer M. A. , Ali Mohamed H. H. , Abdelkarim Mohamad S. , Al-Afify Afify D. G. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWadi El-Natrun is one of the most observable geomorphological features in the North-Western Desert of Egypt; it contains several old saline and saline soda lakes. This study investigates physicochemical and biochemical characteristics and estimates the total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TVC), and bioactivities of sediment, cyanobacteria, and brine shrimp (Artemia salina) in soda lakes, i.e., El-Hamra Lake 1 (H1) and El-Hamra Lake 2 (H2). These soda lakes are unique extreme ecosystems characterized by high pH (> 9.3), high alkalinity, and salinity. Some extremophilic microorganisms are hosted in this ecosystem. The results revealed that the chemical water type of studied lakes is soda-saline lakes according to the calculated percentage sequence of major cations and anions. Sodium ranked first among major cations with an abundance ratio of e% 58, while chloride came first among anions with an abundance ratio of e% 71, and bicarbonate and carbonate occupied the last rank with an abundance of 6%. The biochemical investigations showed that TPC and TVC are present in concern contents of sediment, cyanobacteria, and brine shrimp (A. salina) which contribute 89% of antioxidant capacity and antimicrobial activities. Thus, this study helps better understand the chemical and biochemical adaptations in soda lake ecosystems and explores natural sources with potential applications in antioxidant-rich products and environmental conservation efforts.
First-time Sensitive Homeomorphisms
Authors: Antunes Mayara , Carvalho Bernardo 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWe introduce first-time sensitivity for a homeomorphism of a compact metric space, that is a condition on the first increasing times of open balls of the space. Continuum-wise expansive homeomorphisms, the shift map on the Hilbert cube, and also some partially hyperbolic diffeomorphisms satisfy this condition. We prove the existence of local unstable continua satisfying similar properties with the local unstable continua of continuum-wise expansive homeomorphisms, but assuming first-time sensitivity. As a consequence we prove that first-time sensitivity (with some additional technical assumptions) implies positive topological entropy.
Why Metaphysics Matters: The Case of Property Law
Authors: Ohavi Ben 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAre property rights absolute? This paper attempts to reframe this question by drawing on insights from the field of social ontology. My main claim is that, even if we accept the most extreme view of the absoluteness of property rights, there are some non-normative conceptual limitations to these rights. The conceptual limitations are based on two claims about the nature of property rights and their subject matter, namely objects in the world: (1) property law regulates relations between persons through the use of objects, and not relations between persons and objects; (2) even when owned, objects retain some of their ‘independent’, unowned, existence. Taken together, these claims confine property law to the institutional meaning that is given to objects, which is distinct from their social and natural meanings. Since property law defines objects in a certain way, it makes space for other social considerations but without the need to qualify property rights.
Determination of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol, 11-nor-carboxy-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol in human plasma and urine after a commercial cannabidiol oil product intake
Authors: Papoutsis Ioannis , Hatzidouka Vasiliki , Ntoupa Stamatina-Panagoula , Angelis Apostolis , Dona Artemisia , Sakelliadis Emmanouil , Spiliopoulou Chara 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Cannabidiol (CBD) products are widely used for pain relief, sleep improvement, management of seizures etc. Although the concentrations of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) in these products are low (≤0.3% w/w), it is important to investigate if its presence and/or that of its metabolite 11-nor-carboxy-Δ9-THC, is traceable in plasma and urine samples of individuals who take CBD oil products.

Methods
A sensitive GC/MS method for the determination of Δ9-THC, 11-nor-carboxy-Δ9-THC and CBD in plasma and urine samples was developed and validated. The sample preparation procedure included protein precipitation for plasma samples and hydrolysis for urine samples, solid-phase extraction and finally derivatization with N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide) with 1% trimethylchlorosilane.

Results
For all analytes, the LOD and LOQ were 0.06 and 0.20 ng/mL, respectively. The calibration curves were linear (R2 ≥ 0.992), and absolute recoveries were ≥91.7%. Accuracy and precision were within the accepted range. From the analysis of biologic samples of 10 human participants who were taking CBD oil, it was realized that Δ9-THC was not detected in urine, while 11-nor-carboxy-Δ9-THC (0.69–23.06 ng/mL) and CBD (0.29–96.78 ng/mL) were found in all urine samples. Regarding plasma samples, Δ9-THC (0.21–0.62 ng/mL) was detected in 10, 11-nor-carboxy-Δ9-THC (0.20–2.44 ng/mL) in 35, while CBD (0.20–1.58 ng/mL) in 25 out of 38 samples, respectively.

Conclusion
The results showed that Δ9-THC is likely to be found in plasma although at low concentrations. In addition, the detection of 11-nor-carboxy-Δ9-THC in both urine and plasma samples raises questions and concerns for the proper interpretation of toxicological results, especially considering Greece’s zero tolerance law applied in DUID and workplace cases.