bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Concept of planktonic species diversity in small water bodies – a case study of lake Rangasagar (Udaipur: Rajasthan)
Authors: Rao N. G. , Durve V. S. , Shrikhande V. J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe quantitative and qualitative relationships within phyto‐ and zooplanktonic communities were examined for a period of one year in a small eutrophic lake in Udaipur, through the application of diversity indices. The results revealed that a higher plankton diversity needs not necessarily lead to a greater community diversity or evenness of species diversity. The phytoplankton species diversity was related to nutrients and ambient environmental factors. Within zooplankton groups, the diversity index was found influenced by the evenness and richness of the species. On the other hand, the strong correlation between individual species density and community diversity in the cladocera was influenced by food availability. The total zooplankton diversity was also strongly correlated (P < 0.01) with the number of species and equality. There was no spatial variation in species composition because of smaller spread of the water body. It is felt that the diversity indices could get influenced by the dominance or scarcity of one or more species or communities giving a deceptive picture of planktonic panorama.
Acute toxicity of cadmium to Channa punctatus (BLOCH)
Authors: Gupta A. K. , Rajbanshi V. K. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractEffects of acute cadmium poisoning on survival, its residual values and histopathology in certain organs of a freshwater airbreathing fish, Channa punctatus (BLOCH) were investigated. The threshold concentration, MATC and LC50 values obtained from 96 h static bioassay, revealed that Channa is more susceptible to cadmium ions at higher temperature. The atomic absorption spectrophotometric determination of cadmium residues differed significantly in organs of specimens having survived and died after 96 h of exposure. The gill accumulate the highest amount of cadmium, the liver accumulated a slightly smaller amount than the gill, while the kidney accumulated the least.The histopathological lesions subjected to sublethal (5.2 mg/l Cd) and lethal (8.4 mg/l Cd) concentrations of cadmium were: detachment and rupture of lamellar epithelium, collapse of pillar cells and hypertrophy in mucus producing gland cells in the gill; vacuolization and coagulative necrosis in hepatic cells of the liver; and expansion, necrosis and accumulation of cellular debris in renal tubules of the kidney. The probable causes for death of fish due to cadmium ions have been discussed.
The catalogue of harmful water pollutants – its meaning for the protection of waters and drinking water in practice
Authors: Rummel W. , Wotzka J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe characterization and estimation of the manifold properties of environmental chemicals become more and more important for the protection of environment, and so of waters, too. For that reason, since 1975 the “Catalogue of Harmful Water Pollutants” has been edited by the Institute of Water Management, Berlin, GDR. Hitherto four deliveries came out, which comprise the parameters of a total of 700 substances and commercial products. The properties of the harmful water pollutants are described and assessed by 13 different criteria and measures. After the compilation of the results each pollutant is assigned to one of the following three categories:

I: Very dangerous water pollutant
II: Dangerous water pollutant
II: Less dangerous water pollutant.
By selected examples from the work of Public Water Control (Staatliche Gewässeraufsicht) the importance of the Catalogue of harmful water pollutants for the practice of the protection of waters and drinking water will be demonstrated. At present the Catalogue is used by nearly 1,200 firms, managements and institutions in the GDR as well as in 39 other states of the world. The second edition will contain an extension of the spectrum of criteria and measures as well as the result of a general revision of all the parameters.
Annual production and productivity of the macrophytes of river Champanala, a side spill channel of the Ganges at Bhagalpur
Authors: Hasan R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe present investigation gives the turnover value and productivity of macrophytes like Eichhornia crassipes, Hydrilla verticillata, Ceratophyllum demersum, Potamogeton crispus and Azolla pinnata for the year 1978 at Koylaghat site of the Champanala channel, a southern side spill channel of the river Ganges. The average annual production of all the macrophytes comes to 3.925 g/m2 · d, which is better than the world average of rice cultivated fields. All the important macrophytes in the present investigation are replaced annually. In contrast to pond and reservoir ecosystems, where the productivity of macrophytes is highest in the rainy season, in the Champanala channel the most of the macrophytes are absent from July to December and maximal productivity was about 4 g/m2 · d from February to April. The difference in the development of macrophytes in standing and flowing waters results from the fact that in the rainy season increasing flow velocity, sudden fluctuations in water column depth and other destabilising factors produce unfavourable conditions for macrophytes in flowing waters.
Toxicity of some oil constituents to Selenastrum capricornutum
Authors: Gaur J. P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe toxicity of some oil constituents, viz., benzene, toluene, xylene, naphthalene, methylnaphthalene, dimethylnaphthalenes, trimethylnaphthalene, phenol, cresol, aniline and toluidine towards S. capricornutum was investigated. All constituents exerted detrimental effects on algal growth and toxicity depended inter alia on the number of methyl groups in the test chemicals. Aniline, toluidine and alkylnaphthalenes were most toxic to test alga and if present at a high concentration in an oil, the toxic effects of that oil would be very severe.
Malathion induced biochemical alterations in the liver of the fingerlings of Channa punctatus (BL.)
Authors: Shukla J. P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe effect of a sublethal concentration of malathion (95% E. C.) on the nucleic acids (DNA, RNA) and protein content in the liver of fingerlings of Channa punctatus, a freshwater murrel was investigated. 10 days of exposure brought non‐significant alteration (P < 0.05) neither in the nucleic acids nor in protein content. However, significant quantitative decline in the liver's RNA (P < 0.01) and protein (P < 0.001) but not in the DNA content was observed after 20 days of exposure. Possible causes for such decline have been discussed.
Acute and chronic toxic effects of the carbamate pesticide Sevin on some haematological, biochemical and enzymatic parameters in the fresh water teleost fishChanna punctatus
Authors: Sastry K. V. , Siddiqui A. A. , Samurl M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe effects of exposure to LC50(10.5 mg/l) for 96 h and to a sublethal concentration (1.05 mg/l) of Sevin for 120 days have been observed on some haematological, biochemical and enzymatic parameters ofChanna punctatus.The fish were hyperglycemic and hyperlactemic and the glycogen content of the liver and muscles decreased, but the lactic acid content of two tissues increased. The activity of hexokinase increased in the kidney, intestine, liver and muscles but decreased in the gills and brain. The activity of lactate dehydrogenase decreased in the kidney and intestine, and increased in the liver, muscles, brain and gills. The pyruvate dehydrogenase activity decreased in all the six tissues. Both the exposures produced a decrease in the succinate dehydrogenase activity of the liver. The enzyme activity decreased in the brain, gills and muscles after chronic exposure, whereas the kidney and intestine showed an elevation in enzyme activity.
Tissue enzymes as biomonitors of PCP intoxication in Notopterus notopterus
Authors: Verma S. R. , Tyagi P. K. , Dutt D. , Chand R. , Sharma A. K. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn this paper, toxicity effects of pentachlorophenol have been studied using enzymes, phosphatases, transaminases and hydrogenases as indicators for toxicity. The sublethal concentrations used were 0.019, 0.0063 and 0.0038 mg/l (1/5th, 1/15th and 1/25th fractions of LC50) and the experimental fishes were exposed for the periods of 15, 30, 45 and 60 days. Most of the significant alterations in enzymes were observed at 1/5th and 1/10th fractions except at few places in the liver where a significant alteration in the enzyme acid phosphatase occurs at 1/15th fraction. Glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) showed a significant increase in different tissues in all the fractions of treatment.
Die Leistungen hydrischer Ökosysteme: Resultat ihrer Struktur
Authors: Horn W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe unity of the structure, function and performance of an ecosystem and the importance of the biotic factors are represented by the example of the storage reservoir. Besides the morphometric relation of the trophogenic layer to the tropholytic one, the effect of the stability and mixing depth as well as of the o‐PO4 content on the phytoplankton development is demonstrated. The secondary production of zooplankton is described with respect to its interaction with phytoplankton and the specific relations between the available food and the greazing pressure of predators for the structure of populations of Daphnia are treated in particular. The practical consequences resulting from abiotic and biotic structural features for water quality are pointed out.
Macrozoobenthos as an Indicator of the Level of the Trophy and Saprobity of Lake Jarun
Authors: Kerovec M. , Tavčar V. , Meštrov M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractDuring complex ecological investigations on Lake Jarun (and neighbouring interstitial underground waters) which took place in 1984 and 1985, macrozoobenthos was also studied. Its qualitative and quantitative composition in a large part depends on the degree of trophy and saprobity of the water. Specially examined were the oligochaetes and chironomids larvae, which besides having a large numerical percentage also occurred with a large number of species. In addition, the representatives of other groups of macroscopic invertebrates were also mentioned, especially those which have a special significance as indicators of a certain degree of trophy and saprobity, and which are important because of their oasis preservation in this ecosystem.
Environmental Hazard Ranking of Chemicals Spilled in the Rhine River in November 1986
Authors: Halfon E. , Büggemannr R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn 1986 a chemical spill took place from the Sandoz plant in Basel, Switzerland, into the Rhine River. Several chemicals entered the river and were transported downstream. In this paper we rank the environmental hazard of eight chemicals, Disulfoton, Dinitroorthocresol, Propetamphos, Thiometon, Parathion, Etrimphos, Metoxuron and Fenitrothion found in the German section of the Rhine River. Five attributes related to the toxicity, physio‐chemical characteristics and fate are used to rank the chemicals. The fate attributes were derived using the fate model EXWAT. Two ranking methods were used and results were compared. One method is based on the standardization of the data into attributes and aggregation into an index. The second method allows one to visually compare chemicals based on a large number of test results which might otherwise be very confusing when displayed in a table form: The Hasse diagram is an effective graphical display of data difficult to understand otherwise. Results by both ranking methods show that these chemicals can be divided into two groups, the most hazardous include Dinitroorthocresol, Propetamphos and Parathion, and the least hazardous include Disulfoton, Thiometon, Etrimphos, Metoxuron and Fenitrothion.
Denitrifikation von Stickstoffverbindungen in biologisch gereinigtem Abwasser der Faserplattenproduktion
Authors: Bachanek S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe denitrification of biologically purified wastewater from the fibre‐board production is investigated in the batch experiment in a laboratory reactor with and without addition of methanol (0.5 ml/l) as an additional source of carbon. Without addition of methanol, in the main only a reduction of nitrate to nitrite occurs, which accumulates. The rate of reaction is low, so that the process is not yet finished after 10 h. The addition of methanol leads to an acceleration of the reactions and to a full denitrification of the wastewater within 4 h.
Fenvalerate and Cypermethrin Induced Changes in the Haematological Parameters of Cyprinus carpio
Authors: Reddy P. Malla , Bashamohideen Md. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFreshwater fish Cyprinus carpio have been exposed to sublethal concentrations of fenvalerate (0.010 ppm) and cypermethrin (0.020 ppm) for 6, 12, 24 and 48 hours. After each exposure period, certain blood parameters were studied. A decrease in red blood corpuscular (RBC) count, haemoglobin (Hb) concentration, packed cell volume (PCV) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), on the one hand, and an increase in mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), on the other hand, have been observed with increasing time of exposure. The alterations observed may be due to the physiological disfunctioning of the haemopoietic tissue or may be due to the effect on the bone marrow. The effect of fenvalerate is more pronounced than that of cypermethrin.
Observations on the Bottom Fauna of the Ganga River (between Buxar and Ballia) with Special Reference to Its Role in the Seasonal Abundance of Fresh Water Prawn Macrobrachium birmanicum choprai (Tiwari)
Authors: Singh S. R. , Srivastava V. K. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe paper deals with the changes in composition and density of bottom fauna of the Ganga river at Buxar and Ballia in relation to soil texture and water quality observed between March 1984 and Feb. 1986 with its possible role in the seasonal abundance of M. birmanicum choprai. No marked differences were noted in the quality of water at the two centres. The texture of bottom was sandy at both the centres, but the soil at Ballia was found to consist almost of sand with a negligible quantity of clay content. The benthic fauna mainly consisted of dipterans, amphipods and annelids and exhibited a higher abundance at Buxar. It showed a major pulse in the month of March with a minor one in December. The macrobenthos including gastropods and bivalves were abundant during summer (March–June). The bottom fauna on which the prawns generally feed becomes a potential source of food during winter when the prawns get confined to a unit area.
Predation Efficacy of Larvivorus Fishes on Cyclops, Transmitting Dracunculiasis
Authors: Prakash D. , Srivastava R. C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe predatory potentiality of G. affinis and P. reticulata fishes on cyclops was tested by ‘no‐choice’ and ‘choice’ experiments. In ‘no‐choice’ experiments predation increased significantly with the number of cyclops exposed (1, 3, 5, 7 and 10 preys) and decreased with the increase in the water volume (1, 2 and 3 litres) in case of both the fishes. A similar trend for cyclops predation was observed in ‘choice’ experiments. The relative rate of predation of G. affinis and P. reticulata was more in ‘no‐choice’ as compared to in ‘choice’ experiments. However, the predatory efficacy of G. affinis was relatively higher than that of P. reticulata in all the experiments. The comparative rate of predation on three zooplanktons by G. affinis and P. reticulata showed that Daphnia spec. was most susceptible to predation by both the fishes. It was followed by calanoids and the least preferred prey being cyclops.
Reedbed Treatment of Sewage in the UK
Authors: Lawson G. J. , Cooper P. F. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractNatural wetlands perform significant sewage treatment, but artificial reedbeds are likely to be more reliable and effective. The processes responsible for purification in wetlands and reedbeds are described in this paper, together with an outline of the experimental reedbeds which have been established in the UK up to 1987. Major research needs are outlined.
Zum Auftreten von leichtflüchtigen Halogenkohlenwasserstoffen im Badewasser
Authors: Puchert W. , Prösch J. , Köppe F.‐G. , Wagner H. 
Published: February 2007

Abstract110 samples from two swimming‐pools were gas‐chromatographically investigated for halogenated hydrocarbons. In spite of varying chlorine concentrations between 0.1 and 2.5 mg/l Cl2 the bacteriological results were unobjectionable. The total of the haloforms was between 1.2 and 182 μg/l, with the average value of 90 μg/l. Besides CHCl3, CHBrCl2, CHBr2Cl and CCl3NO2 there were observed other, still unidentified compounds in the chlorinated bathing water which clearly are successive products of disinfection, too. The water treatment by flocculation and filtration does not bring about any elimination of trihalomethanes. Of special importance is the occurrence of trichloronitromethane in concentrations of 0.13 … 1.2 μg/l, whose LC50 in the Daphnia test is 189 μg/l, at a threshold concentration of 160 μg/l. To limit the pollution of water and air to a minimum, specific conditions must be adhered to in the operation of indoor swimming‐pools.
Zur Modellierung der Adsorption von Mehrkomponentensystemen
Authors: Worch E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMany dissolved organic compounds in waters and wastewaters can be effectively removed by adsorption processes. The design of such processes requires the modelling of adsorption equilibria in multi‐solute systems. In this paper a review on the most useful equilibrium models for multicomponent systems of known and unknown composition is presented.
Einfluß algenbürtiger organischer Substanzen auf Flockung und Filtration
Authors: Bernhardt H. , Hoyer O. , Lüsse B. , Schell H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe treatment of water from eutrophic lakes is disturbed by extensive development of plankton, which is caused by particulate algogenic organic substances and frequently also by dissolved ones. They are released by excretion, diffusion, cell destruction, separation of cell wall substances and metabolic processes in the course of the cellular reproduction in dependence on the physiological state of the algae. At a sufficient dosage of metallic salts as a flocculant, the extracellular organic substance (EOS) may act as an anionic flocculation aid in the concentration range of 1 … 2 mg/1 C. There is decisive the mass ratio: Me (metal as flocculant)/EOS (as TOC). Below a mass ratio Fe : TOC =2 … 3 the EOS disturbs the process of flocculation and filtration. Flocculation and filtration tests are carried out with the centrifugate of the culture liquid of eight algae species in flocculation test apparatus in order to clarify the disturbance of flocculation and filtration. The following essential reaction mechanisms influencing flocculation have been found: complexation of the metal‐ions added as flocculation aids, precipitation reactions, neutralization of the positive charge of the metal hydroxo complexes of the flocculant with formation of surface complexes, increasing of the negative charge concentration and formation of protective colloids. The following counter‐measures may be technically used with success: increasing of the addition of flocculant (Fe : TOC =2 … 3), shifting of the pH‐value below the iso‐electric point, addition of calcium‐ions (1 … 2 mmol/l) and limited application of ozone prior to flocculation.
Ein Beitrag zur Bestimmung von Anilin/Phenol in Wasser/Abwasser mittels UV‐Derivativspektroskopie. Teil 1: Das analytische Grundverfahren
Authors: Wollin K.‐M. , Randow F. F. E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractUltraviolet derivative spectroscopy was used as an analytical tool for the direct and simultaneous determination of aniline and phenol in water. It is shown that the diA/dλi values are proportional to aniline (i = 2, 4) and phenol (i = 2, 4 and 5) concentrations at 205.3 or 271.6 … 282.8 nm. The performance characteristics are discussed in detail. Thus the best precision resulted in both aniline and phenol for the second derivatives. The accuracy of the methods applied is independent on the derivative order and concentration levels within the dynamic range of 1 to 10 mg · 1−1 aniline or phenol respectively.
Studies on Limnobiotic Conditions in a Thermal Spring at Tajura, (Tripoli), Libya
Authors: Khan M. A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSummary: Studies on a hot spring at Tajura (Libya) indicated narrow fluctuations in water temperature (43 … 44.5 °C) near the source site. A wide thermal gradient of 10 K between two sampling sites (near the source and in the marsh) recorded in December narrowed to 3 … 4.5 K in March. Similar pH values (6.7) near the source increased along the runoff channel and touched 6.9 in the marsh. Bicarbonate alkalinity always exceeded 400 mg/l; likewise conductivity was remarkably high (>4700 μS/cm). Scarce algal growth was observed near the source site, though mats of variable thickness prevailed along the runoff channel and in the marsh.
Biologische und chemische Untersuchungen an Bergbächen unterschiedlichen Versauerungsgrades
Authors: Horn W. , Brettfeld R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSummary: As ion balances and paleolimnological investigations prove, acidification is mainly the result of too much strain on the buffering capacity of catchment areas and waters by anthropogenic acid depositions. The situation is studied in mountain brooklets with different characteristics of their catchment areas. Distinct annual variations and functional relations of hydrological and chemical quantities can be described. The changed chemism of the water influences the structure of organisms and thus the function, stability and balance of matter as well as self‐purifying capacity of the water both directly (lethal effects) and indirectly (by the loss of species). The state of the water can be inferred from the biological findings in terms of the presence or absence of certain species (bioindicators).
Contribution to the oxygen input in a treated sewage channel by falls
Authors: Rummel W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSummary: In the control of the discharge of a large‐scale sewage treatment being under enlargement it was repeatedly pointed out that the oxygen saturation of the water in the treated sewage channel at the mouth of the main water occasionally was much lower than 50 %, contrary to the demands of the public inspection of waters. The results of the oxygen input capacity investigated by oxygen measurements on the falls of the 17.5 km stretch of flow indicate a total of 2.67 t/d. For lack of information on the diffusing and biogenic oxygen input an oriented balance about the budget of the water in the treated sewage channel was made. From the resulting oxygen depletion of the sediment of only 1.8 t/d as well as from energy‐related considerations concerning the oxygen input by falls, technical alterations and arrangements for the protection and improvement of the water in the treated sewage channel were derived. By this it is guaranteed that the oxygen content of the treated channel‐water at the mouth of the main water does not decrease below 6.0 mg/l also during the daily periods of higher discharges of treated sewage waters.