bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“Lying Flat”: Chinese Youths’ Resistance to Overwork and the Practice of Stratification
Authors: Xin Tong , Jian Liu 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This paper delves into the discourse and practice of “lying flat” (tang ping) among Chinese youths. It offers a comprehensive analysis of their collective resistance against the overwork and the competitive pressures in their career. From the perspectives of cultural, economic, and social capital, the “lying flat” among contemporary Chinese youths could be divided into three modes. The first mode, referred to as the fire mode (Financial Independence, Retire Early movement), predominantly represents the elite youths, who have ample cultural, economic, and social capital, and actively express ideas of “lying flat” online. Meanwhile, they strategize a plan for fire. However, their dreams are blocked by competition in the workplace. The second mode is the lifestyle of neet youth, which is primarily a semi-autonomous choice made by urban youths with family resources. neet youths find themselves unable to meet the requirements of the fast-paced, high-demand post-industrial career. Thus, they choose to stay at home, which known as “gnaw the old” (ken lao). Although they may not orally express ‘’lying flat”, they actually practice it. The third mode, known as the “Sanhe Gods” (san he da shen) type, corresponds to the daily laborers. These young individuals who are migrating from rural areas to urban, lack resources and hope for the future. Systemically marginalized by the urban areas, they are typically the grassroots class in society and take “lying flat” as a way of resistance. In summary, the discourse and practice of “lying flat” hold multifaceted significance. On one hand, it serves as a counterpoint to the work ethics supported by neoliberalism. Diverse forms of “lying flat” are social-stratified responses to oppose the intense competition in modern work environments. On the other hand, the stratification of “lying flat” practices mirrors the younger generation’s struggle against the imbalances of the social structure. It reflects their actions against inequality through refusal and non-cooperation toward current work ethics, fostering the emergence of new work ethics and a new paradigm of social integration.
Enhancing Regional Climate Downscaling through Advances in Machine Learning
Authors: Rampal Neelesh , Hobeichi Sanaa , Gibson Peter B. , Baño-Medina Jorge , Abramowitz Gab , Beucler Tom , González-Abad Jose , Chapman William , Harder Paula , Gutiérrez José Manuel 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Despite the sophistication of global climate models (GCMs), their coarse spatial resolution limits their ability to resolve important aspects of climate variability and change at the local scale. Both dynamical and empirical methods are used for enhancing the resolution of climate projections through downscaling, each with distinct advantages and challenges. Dynamical downscaling is physics based but comes with a large computational cost, posing a barrier for downscaling an ensemble of GCMs large enough for reliable uncertainty quantification of climate risks. In contrast, empirical downscaling, which encompasses statistical and machine learning techniques, provides a computationally efficient alternative to downscaling GCMs. Empirical downscaling algorithms can be developed to emulate the behavior of dynamical models directly, or through frameworks such as perfect prognosis in which relationships are established between large-scale atmospheric conditions and local weather variables using observational data. However, the ability of empirical downscaling algorithms to apply their learned relationships out of distribution into future climates remains uncertain, as is their ability to represent certain types of extreme events. This review covers the growing potential of machine learning methods to address these challenges, offering a thorough exploration of the current applications and training strategies that can circumvent certain issues. Additionally, we propose an evaluation framework for machine learning algorithms specific to the problem of climate downscaling as needed to improve transparency and foster trust in climate projections.

Significance Statement
This review offers a significant contribution to our understanding of how machine learning can offer a transformative change in climate downscaling. It serves as a guide to navigate recent advances in machine learning and how these advances can be better aligned toward inherent challenges in climate downscaling. In this review, we provide an overview of these recent advances with a critical discussion of their advantages and limitations. We also discuss opportunities to refine existing machine learning methods alongside new approaches for the generation of large ensembles of high-resolution climate projections.
Decision-making process regarding passive euthanasia: Theory of planned behavior framework
Authors: Tsemach Ronit , Aharon Anat Amit 
Published: March 2024

Background Nurses have an essential role in caring for end-of-life patients. Nevertheless, the nurse’s involvement in the passive euthanasia decision-making process is insufficient and lower than expected. Objectives To explore factors associated with nurses’ intention to be involved in non-treatment decisions (NTD) regarding passive euthanasia decision-making versus their involvement in the palliative care of patients requesting euthanasia, using the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) framework. Design A cross-sectional study utilizing a random sample. Participants and research context The study was conducted in one of the largest hospitals in Israel among 125 nurses employed in internal and surgical care wards. Data was collected through face-to-face interviews between March and April 2019. Method A closed structured questionnaire was developed according to TPB instructions. A paired sample t test and two multiple hierarchical regressions were conducted. Variance explained (R2) and the significance of F change were calculated for each regression. The study used the STROBE statement guideline. Ethical considerations The study was approved by the hospital’s Helsinki Committee (#20.11.2017). Findings A paired sample t test revealed that nurses’ involvement in the palliative care of patients requesting passive euthanasia was significantly higher than in NTD regarding euthanasia. Regression analyses revealed that nurses’ position and attitudes explain their intention to be involved in decision-making; attitudes and perceived behavioral control explain nurses’ intention to be involved in the care of patients requesting euthanasia. Conclusions According to the TPB, nurses’ attitudes explained their intention to participate in decision-making regarding passive euthanasia. It is recommended to enhance open discussion of this complex issue to encourage nurses’ willingness to participate in NTD decision-making regarding euthanasia.
Association of Daily Step Count With Patient Knowledge, Step Tracking, and Physical Factors in Patients With Spine Pathology
Authors: Sacino Amanda N. , Norvell Dan , Gorbacheva Anna , Sajid Amal , Avantaggio August , Oskouian Rod J. , Chapman Jens R. 
Published: March 2024

Up to 10,000 steps per day may be associated with lower risk of all-cause mortality as well as cancer and cardiovascular disease mortality. Here, we evaluate daily step count in patients seen in spine clinic and its association with step goal knowledge, step tracking, and physical factors affecting walking. Of the 575 clinic patients, 368 met criteria and agreed to participate (mean age range 60-69 years; 52% female; 54% prior spine surgery). Of the population surveyed for actual daily steps, 55% reported <2000 and 9% reported >8000. Patients with a higher knowledge of the ideal step goal and who possessed a step counter (64%) had a higher number of actual daily steps ( P < .001). The main prohibiting factor to actual walking was pain (64%). Prior spine surgery and the use of a walking assist was associated with less daily steps ( P < .04, 6% reported >8000 steps; and P < .001, 0% reported >8000 steps, respectively). Patients presenting for evaluation in spine clinic underestimate the recommended number of steps taken daily to help decrease all-cause mortality, and cancer and cardiovascular disease mortality.
Description of an individualised delirium intervention in intensive care units for critically ill patients delivered by an artificial intelligence-assisted system: using the TIDieR checklist
Authors: Zhang Shan , Cui Wei , Wu Ying , Ji Meihua 
Published: March 2024

Background: Delirium is a preventable and reversible complication for intensive care unit (ICU) patients, which can be linked to negative outcomes. Early intervention to cope with the risk factors of delirium is necessary. Yet no specific description of the Artificial Intelligence Assisted Prevention and Management for Delirium (AI-AntiDelirium) following the Template for Intervention Description and Replication (TIDieR) checklist was reported. This is the first study to describe a detailed process for the development of an evidence-based delirium intervention. Aims: To describe an individualised delirium intervention which is delivered by an artificial intelligence-assisted system in the ICU for critically ill patients. Methods and results: The TIDieR checklist improved the description of ICU delirium interventions, including several key features for improved implementation of the intervention. This descriptive research describes the AI-assisted ICU delirium interventions for improving cognitive load and adherence of nurses and reducing ICU delirium incidence. Following the TIDieR checklist, we standardised the flow chart of ICU delirium assessment tools; formed an evaluation sheet of ICU delirium risk factors; and translated the evidence-based ABCDEF bundle intervention into practice. Therefore, nurses and researchers would benefit from replicating the interventions for clinical use or experimental research. Conclusions: The TIDieR checklist provided a systematic approach for reporting the complex ICU delirium interventions delivered in a clinical interventional trial, which contributes to the nursing practice policy for the standardisation of interventions.
Effects of Travel Distance on Complications and Outcomes in Total Ankle Arthroplasty
Authors: Shaffrey Isabel , Teehan Emily , Caolo Kristin , Ellis Scott , Deland Jonathan , Henry Jensen , Demetracopoulos Constantine 
Published: March 2024

Owing to the last decade’s increase in the number of total ankle arthroplasty (TAA) procedures performed annually, there is a concern that the disproportionate distribution of orthopaedic surgeons who regularly perform TAA may impact complications and/or patient satisfaction. This study examines patient-reported outcomes and complications in TAA patients who had to travel for surgery compared to those treated locally. This is a single-center retrospective review of 160 patients undergoing primary TAA between January 2016 and December 2018, with mean age 65 (range: 59-71) years, mean body mass index (BMI) 28.7 kg/m2, 69 (43.1%) females, and mean 1.5 (SD = 0.51) years follow-up. Patients were grouped by distance traveled (<50 miles [n = 89] versus >50 miles traveled [n = 71]). There were no significant differences in rate or type of postoperative complications between the <50 mile group (16.9%) and the >50 mile group (22.5%) (P = .277). Similarly, there were no significant difference in postoperative PROMIS scores between the groups (P = .858). Given uneven distribution of high-volume surgeons performing TAA, this is important for patients who are deciding where to have their TAA surgery and for surgeons on how to counsel patients regarding risks when traveling longer distances for TAA care. Levels of Evidence: Level III: Retrospective Cohort Study
Medical service quality evaluation based on LDA and sentiment analysis: Examples of seven chronic diseases
Authors: Dai Jing , Lyu Fang , Yu Lin , Zhou Zixuan , He Yunyu 
Published: March 2024

ObjectiveIn this article, we investigate how chronic noncommunicable disease (CND) patients evaluate the medical service, and what obstacles exist in this process, which is useful for hospitals to improve efficiency and enhance patient satisfaction.MethodsBased on the total number of CND patients in China, 7 CNDs were selected as the evaluation objects, and then selected the Haodaifu website as the data source, crawled 15,682 medical service reviews, then the 9 themes were analyzed by the LDA theme model. The evaluation index system of six indicators was constructed based on quality management theory. The binary long short-term memory model was used to analyze the sentiment, and the entropy-valued, TOPSIS and gray correlation model was implemented for medical service quality evaluation; the barrier model was used to find out the key factors limiting medical services.Results(a) Hypertension was rated at a good level in the degree of gray correlation closeness, bronchitis was rated at a low level and the rest were at an intermediate level. (b) The first two overall barriers were the hospitalization process and registration services which occupy about 30%, respectively. This implies that hospitals should focus on providing registration services and inpatient settings in the future.ConclusionTo promote hospitals to provide better services for patients with CNDs and improve patient satisfaction with medical care. And it is necessary to optimize medical services fundamentally by optimizing the inpatient process and improving the registration process to improve efficiency.
Hypercapnia is not excluded by normoxia in neuromuscular disease patients: implications for oximetry
Authors: Gray Emma , Menadue Collette , Piper Amanda , Wong Keith , Kiernan Matthew , Yee Brendon 
Published: March 2024

BackgroundPulse oximetry is widely used in the assessment of chronic respiratory failure in neuromuscular disease (NMD) patients. Chronic respiratory failure is the major cause of morbidity and mortality, necessitating early diagnosis and intervention. Guidelines suggest that an arterial blood gas (ABG) measurement is indicated if oxygen saturation (SpO2) is ≤94% in the absence of lung disease. However, hypercapnia with normoxia (SpO2≥95%) has been observed on ABGs of patients with NMD, in particular those with motor neurone disease.MethodsA single-centre retrospective audit of room-air ABGs in stable hypercapnic chronic respiratory failure patients from 1990 to 2020 was performed. Patients with parenchymal lung disease were excluded. Patients were grouped into three main categories: non-NMD, other NMD and motor neurone disease.Findings297 ABGs with hypercapnia from 180 patients with extrinsic restrictive lung disease were analysed. No patients with non-NMD, 54% of patients with other NMD and 36% of motor neurone disease patients demonstrated hypercapnia with normoxia (Chi-squared 61.33; p<0.001). The potential mechanism is proposed to be a difference in calculated respiratory quotient. If the alveolar–arterial gradient is assumed to be normal, the calculated respiratory quotient was significantly higher in motor neurone disease patients and other NMD patients compared with non-NMD patients (estimated marginal mean 0.99, 95% CI 0.94–1.03; 0.86 0.76–0.96; 0.73, 0.63—0.83, respectively; p<0.001) by mixed-model analysis.InterpretationHypercapnia is not excluded with normal oximetry in NMD patients and may be due to an elevated respiratory quotient. This has implications in the diagnosis and monitoring of respiratory insufficiency in NMD patients with oximetry alone.
Study on damage and fracture characteristics of wood based on acoustic emission b-value and seismic magnitude difference entropy
Authors: Li Ming , Zhao Yue , Mao Feilong , Fang Saiyin , Qin Gezhou , Xu Ning , Zhu Daigen 
Published: March 2024

AbstractTo assess the damage and fracture behavior of wood under load, a wood damage assessment method was proposed based on acoustic emission (AE) b-values and seismic magnitude difference entropy. First, AE signals from Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica (softwood) and Zelkova schneideriana (hardwood) specimens were collected separately at a sampling frequency of 500 kHz in a three-point bending test. Then, 52 dB was taken as the threshold of the AE event, and the b-value and seismic magnitude difference entropy were calculated at 4-s intervals. Finally, by comparing with the load‒time curve, the b-value and seismic magnitude difference entropy were used to evaluate the damage fracture degree. The results showed that an increase in the b-value indicates the accumulation of strain energy, and vice versa, corresponding to the concentrated release of strain energy. At the same time, the test process can be divided into three stages—elastic, elastic‒plastic and plastic—based on the level of the seismic magnitude difference entropy.
Nano-indentation study of dislocation evolution in GaN-based laser diodes
Authors: Chen Jingjing , Su Xujun , Wang Guobing , Niu Mutong , Li Xinran , Xu Ke 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe slip systems and motion behavior of dislocations induced by nano-indentation technique in GaN-based LDs were investigated. Dislocations with burgers vector of b = 1/3 <11$$\overline{2}$$

2
¯

3> were introduced on either {11$$\overline{2}$$

2
¯

2} <11$$\overline{2}$$

2
¯

3>, or {1$$\overline{1}$$

1
¯

01} <11$$\overline{2}$$

2
¯

3> pyramidal slip systems in the upper p-GaN layer. Besides, {0001} <11$$\overline{2}$$

2
¯

0> basal slip system was also activated. The AlGaN/InGaN multi-layers in device can provide mismatch stresses to prevent dislocations from slipping through. It was observed that the density of dislocations induced by the indenter significantly decreased from the upper to the lower regions of the multi-layers. The a + c dislocations on pyramidal slip planes were mostly blocked by the strained layers.
Patient-controlled analgesia morphine for the management of acute pain in the emergency department: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Oon Muhammad Baihaqi , Nik Ab. Rahman Nik Hisamuddin , Mohd Noor Norhayati , Yazid Mohd Boniami 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
The ideal pain control approach is typically viewed as titration of analgesia for pain reduction and periodic pain evaluation. However, this method takes time and is not always possible in the crowded Emergency Department. Therefore, an alternative way to improve pain care in the Emergency Department is needed to avoid this unpleasant sensation in the patients. The best solution to tackle this situation is using Patient Controlled Analgesia (PCA), in the form of a PCA pump.

Study objectives
This systematic review and meta-analysis was designated to evaluate the efficacy of PCA morphine in treating acute pain at Emergency Department.

Methods
We searched databases Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Medline, and Google Scholar up to February 2022 and identified randomized controlled trials with English language only that compare PCA morphine to IV morphine in treating patients presenting with acute pain at Emergency Department.

Results
Eight trials were included in our review, comprising 1490 participants. We compared PCA morphine vs. IV morphine. There were no differences in the pain score between PCA and IV morphine (standard mean difference [SMD] = -0.20, p = 0.25). Further subgroup analyses (origin of the pain, time of assessment and the durations) showed no difference except for the dosages as the PCA morphine reduced the pain compared to IV morphine in low and high dosages but only two studies were involved. However, the analysis showed PCA morphine increased patient satisfaction and reduced the number of patients who required additional analgesia compared to IV morphine (MD 0.12, P < 0.001), (MD 0.47, P < 0.001) respectively. Data obtained in this review pertaining to adverse effects such as nausea, vomiting, pruritus, and drowsiness is limited since not all the trials reported the events.

Conclusions
PCA morphine do appear to have a beneficial effect on the outcome of patient satisfaction and the number of patients who required additional analgesia. However, further studies targeting a larger sample size is required to increase the certainty of the evidence.
Genome-wide identification of SWEET genes reveals their roles during seed development in peanuts
Authors: Li Yang , Fu Mengjia , Li Jiaming , Wu Jie , Shua Zhenyang , Chen Tiantian , Yao Wen , Huai Dongxin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSugar Will Eventually be Exported Transporter (SWEET) proteins are highly conserved in various organisms and play crucial roles in sugar transport processes. However, SWEET proteins in peanuts, an essential leguminous crop worldwide, remain lacking in systematic characterization. Here, we identified 94 SWEET genes encoding the conservative MtN3/saliva domains in three peanut species, including 47 in Arachis hypogea, 23 in Arachis duranensis, and 24 in Arachis ipaensis. We observed significant variations in the exon-intron structure of these genes, while the motifs and domain structures remained highly conserved. Phylogenetic analysis enabled us to categorize the predicted 286 SWEET proteins from eleven species into seven distinct groups. Whole genome duplication/segment duplication and tandem duplication were the primary mechanisms contributing to the expansion of the total number of SWEET genes. In addition, an investigation of cis-elements in the potential promoter regions and expression profiles across 22 samples uncovered the diverse expression patterns of AhSWEET genes in peanuts. AhSWEET24, with the highest expression level in seeds from A. hypogaea Tifrunner, was observed to be localized on both the plasma membrane and endoplasmic reticulum membrane. Moreover, qRT-PCR results suggested that twelve seed-expressed AhSWEET genes were important in the regulation of seed development across four different peanut varieties. Together, our results provide a foundational basis for future investigations into the functions of SWEET genes in peanuts, especially in the process of seed development.