bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Disease Dissemination in Gastric Compared With Extragastric Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue Lymphoma Using Extensive Staging: A Single-Center Experience
Authors: Raderer Markus , Wöhrer Stefan , Streubel Berthold , Troch Marlene , Turetschek Karl , Jäger Ulrich , Skrabs Cathrin , Gaiger Alexander , Drach Johannes , Puespoek Andreas , Formanek Michael , Hoffmann Martha , Hauff Wolfgang , Chott Andreas 
Published: June 2006

Purpose Molecular data and preliminary clinical findings have suggested mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma as a multifocal disease in a high percentage of patients. We report our findings with an extensive staging routine applied in patients diagnosed with MALT lymphoma at our institution. Patients and Methods A total of 140 consecutive patients (61 with gastric and 79 with extragastric MALT lymphoma) underwent staging according to a standardized protocol. Staging included gastroscopy with multiple biopsies, endosonography of the upper GI tract, computed tomography of thorax and abdomen, lymph node sonography, colonoscopy with multiple biopsies, otorhinolaryngologic assessment, magnetic resonance imaging of salivary and lacrimal glands, and bone marrow biopsy. All lesions suggestive of lymphoma involvement were subjected to biopsy, if accessible, and biopsies were evaluated for MALT lymphoma–specific genetic aberrations by means of reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and/or fluorescent in situ hybridization. Results Fifteen (25%) of 61 patients with gastric MALT lymphoma had multiorgan involvement, with dissemination beyond the GI tract in six patients. By contrast, significantly more patients with extragastric MALT lymphoma had dissemination to another MALT organ (37 of 79 patients, 46%; P = .045). Nine of these 37 patients had dissemination to the stomach. Only three (2%) of 140 patients had bone marrow involvement. Multifocality was significantly associated with t(11;18)(q21;q21) in gastric lymphomas (P = .045) and with trisomy 18 in extragastric lymphomas (P = .011). Conclusion Our findings suggest that MALT lymphoma frequently presents as a multifocal disease. Extragastric MALT lymphomas are significantly more prone to dissemination than gastric MALT lymphomas.
Effects of the Intrapellet Activity Profiles on the Selectivities in Consecutive Reactions : 1,3-Butadiene Hydrogenation over Pt/Al2O3
Authors: Komiyama Masaharu , Ohashi Kazumichi , Morioka Yoshio , Kobayashi Jun’ichi 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
Experimental examinations concerning the effect of the intrapellet activity profiles on a consecutive reaction were performed. The product selectivities in the liquid-phase hydrogenation of 1,3-butadiene over Pt/Al2O3 spheres were obtained for three types of intrapellet Pt distribution profiles: a uniform catalyst with an appreciable amount of Pt present throughout the support sphere, an eggshell catalyst with a Pt band deposited at the outer surface of the support sphere, and an inner-shell catalyst with a Pt band at the middle of its radius. In all of the three profiles a whole-pellet catalyst showed product distributions and activation energies very different from that of their respective powdered form. These results are interpreted and discussed in terms of the effect of diffusional limitations.
Molecular-Orientation Change in Langmuir Films of Stearic Acid and Cadmium Stearate upon Surface Compression, as Studied by Infrared External-Reflection Spectroscopy
Authors: Sakai Hiroshi , Umemura Junzo 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
For interpretating the various phases appearing in a two-dimensional system, we have recorded in situ polarized FT-IR external reflection spectra of Langmuir films of stearic acid and cadmium stearate on the water surface at various surface areas, and evaluated the molecular orientation angles quantitatively. In the stearic acid monolayer, the orientation angle of the hydrocarbon chain from the surface normal decreased from 20° to almost 0° upon monolayer compression. In the cadmium stearate monolayer, on the other hand, the orientation angle (near 0°) did not change upon monolayer compression, though it was widely scattered at large surface areas, because of the formation of a rigid crystalline island. These results correspond well to the π–A isotherms.
Phosphorescence Spectra of Two Rotational Isomers of m-Fluorobenzaldehyde
Authors: Uejoh Kazuya , Shimokozono Makoto , Koyanagi Motohiko 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
Phosphorescence spectra of m-fluorobenzaldehyde and its aldehyde deuterated derivative have been observed in the vapor phase at room temperature and in a methylcyclohexane matrix at 4.2 K. Paired band systems were detected for the vapor phase and for each of the two different crystallographic phases, α- and β-phases, and were attributed to two rotational isomers of the aldehyde group. Variable intensity changes between the two paired bands observed in the α-phase crystal are manifestations of the isomeric conversion in the ground state during crystallizations. An energy correlation of the rotational isomers between the lowest excited nπ* singlet and triplet states is given for the vapor phase and for the α-phase methylcyclohexane matrix.
PHOFEX Spectroscopy of HgNe and HgAr: Determination of the Dissociation Energies of the X1Σ+, A3Π0+, and B3Π1 States
Authors: Tasaka Tomoki , Onda Ken , Hishikawa Akiyoshi , Yamanouchi Kaoru 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
Photofragment excitation (PHOFEX) spectroscopy was applied to determine the dissociation energies of the B3Π1 states of HgAr and HgNe. The PHOFEX spectra were measured in the wavelength region where the laser-induced fluorescence spectrum of the B3Π1–X1Σ+ transition exhibits a continuum structure by probing the photolysis product of Hg(63P1) through the Hg(83S1–63P1) transition. By the spectral simulation of the threshold behavior of the high-resolution (Δν ≈ 0.08 cm−1) PHOFEX spectrum, the thresholds for the photodissociation reaction, HgRg → Hg(63P1) + Rg, were determined to be 39447.9(3) and 39536.0(5) cm−1 for Rg = Ne and Ar, respectively. From these thresholds, the dissociation energies, D0’s, of the B3Π1 states of HgNe and HgAr were determined to be D0(B3Π1; HgNe) = 9.8(3) and D0(B3π1; HgAr) = 61.8(5) cm−1, respectively. This direct determination of the dissociation energies of the B3Π1 states led to a determination of the D0’s for the X1Σ+ and A3Π0+ states; D0(X1Σ+; HgNe) = 35.6(3), D0(X1Σ+; HgAr) = 123.7(5), D0(A3Π0+; HgNe) = 68.7(3), and D0(A3Π0+; HgAr) = 348.8(6) cm−1. In addition, the (v′,0) vibronic bands of the B3Π1–X1Σ+ transition of HgAr were re-measured with high resolution for v′ = 0—8. From the transition wavenumbers of these vibronic bands, the Morse potential parameters were determined with high precision as ωe = 11.94(3) cm−1 and ωexe = 0.594(3) cm−1.
Polarity Effect of Organic Solvents on the Separation Factors across the Lanthanoid Series
Authors: Hasegawa Yuko , Takashima Keiko , Watanabe Fumie 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
The extraction constants (Kexn = [LnX3·nE]o/[Ln3+][X−]3[E]on, n = 3 and/or 4) were determined across the lanthanoid series, when lanthanoids(III) were extracted from a 1 M sodium thiocyanate (NaX) solution into benzene and chlorobenzene containing trioctylphosphine oxide (TOPO, E). The dominant species were LnX3·4E for light lanthanoids and LnX3·3E for heavy ones. Although both extraction constants increased along with the atomic number, the difference in the magnitude of log Kex4 from log Kex3 to a less-polar solvent, benzene, was larger than that to chlorobenzene. The separation factor was similar either in light lanthanoids or in heavy lanthanoids to both solvents, reflecting the similar variation of the constants across the series. However, in the middle of the series, it was smaller upon using less-polar solvents than polar solvents. One of the reasons was the larger proportion of LnX3·4E, of which extraction constant did not change much in the middle of the series. In addition, when the concentration of TOPO was not in a large excess of the lanthanoid(III) concentration it was due to a greater consumption of TOPO; that is, the heavier lanthanoid(III), which was extracted better, required more TOPO molecules to be combined with LnX3, and into less-polar solvents lanthanoids(III) were extracted better than into polar solvents. Consequently the separation factor when using less-polar solvents was smaller than expected from the extraction constants.
Intercalation of Methylene Blue into Layered Phosphates in the Presence of Butylamine and Function of Alkylamine in the Intercalation Reaction
Authors: Danjo Mayumi , Tsuhako Mitsutomo , Nakayama Hirokazu , Eguchi Taro , Nakamura Nobuo , Yamaguchi Shunro , Nariai Hiroyuki , Motooka Itaru 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
The intercalation of methylene blue (MB) into layered phosphates was examined in the presence of butylamine (BA) in order to clarify the mechanism of this reaction and the function of alkylamine, such as BA in the intercalation reaction. MB was not directly intercalated into layered phosphates, but could be intercalated in the presence of BA. The intercalation of MB was strongly influenced by the amount of BA used; that is, it was accelerated by the presence of BA, but inhibited by the presence of too much BA. Moreover, in the procedure which BA was previously intercalated into layered phosphates, it was found that the intercalation of MB can be achieved by removing BA from the interlayer region when BA is formed a monolayer in the phase, and depends on the orientation of BA in the interlayer region when BA forms a bilayer.
Facile Chemical Dehydrogenation of α-Amino Acids Chelated to a Ruthenium(II) Ion: (α-Imino acidato)bis(1,10-phenanthroline)ruthenium(II) Complexes
Authors: Mori Tomonori , Yamamoto Tadayoshi , Yamaguchi Motowo , Yamagishi Takamichi 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
(α-Amino acidato)ruthenium(II) complexes were dehydrogenated to give (α-imino acidato)ruthenium(II) complexes by chemical oxidation. (α-Imino acidato)ruthenium(II) complexes, [RuII{N(R1)=C(R2)CO2}(phen)2]+ (R1 = H, Me, or Bn, R2 = H; R1 = H or Me, R2 = Me; R1, R2 = –(CH2)3–) were obtained from the (α-amino acidato)ruthenium(II) complexes (glycinato, N-Me-glycinato, N-Bn-glycinato, (S)-alaninato, N-Me-(S)-alaninato, and (S)-prolinato complexes) by using diammonium cerium(IV) nitrate (CAN) as an oxidizing reagent. On the other hand, in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, the α-imino acidato complexes were converted to the corresponding α-imino acidato complexes, except for the glycinato and (S)-alaninato complexes. In particular, the iminoacetatoruthenium(II) complex, [Ru(NH=CHCO2)(phen)2]+, was synthesized for the first time by this method using CAN as an oxidizing reagent. Dehydrogenation with CAN is more facile and versatile than any other method that we have ever examined.
Reducing Characteristics of Borohydride Exchange Resin–CuSO4 in Methanol
Authors: Sim Tae Bo , Yoon Nung Min 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
Reducing characteristics of borohydride exchange resin (BER)–CuSO4 (cat.) were studied in methanol at room temperature. Carbon–carbon double bonds conjugated with benzene or carbonyl group were more rapidly reduced than was the case with isolated double bonds. Carbonyl groups were readily reduced, whereas esters and amides were inert, and nitriles were slowly reduced. High chemoselectivity was also observed in halide reductions: p-bromochlorobenzene and p-bromoiodobenzene were reduced quantitatively to chlorobenzene and bromobenzene, respectively. Aliphatic epoxides were inert to this reagent; however, styrene oxide derivatives were readily reduced to the corresponding deoxygenated products. Aliphatic azides were reduced slowly during 6 h, whereas phenyl azide was transformed to aniline in 1 h. Nitrocyclohexane was reduced at room temperature, but nitrobenzene, nitrosobenzene, azobenzene, and azoxybenzene required an elevated temperature (65 °C) for rapid reductions (1 h). Similarly, N,N-dimethylaniline N-oxide was reduced at room temperature, whereas pyridine N-oxide required refluxing. Finally, among the sulfur compounds tested, only diphenyl disulfide was reduced readily, and sulfide, aliphatic disulfide, sulfoxide, sulfone, and tosylate were inert to this reducing system.
Interactions of Two Porphyrin Rings: Metal-Induced Structural Change of 5,5′-Ethylenebis(porphyrin)
Authors: Sugiura Ken-ichi , Ponomarev Gelii , Okubo Satoshi , Tajiri Akio , Sakata Yoshiteru 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
5,5′-Ethylenebis(octaethylporphyrin) 1 and its metallocomplexes with various combination of metals (Zn, Cu, and Ni) 2—10 were prepared. On the basis of 1H and 13C NMR as well as MCD spectra, it was concluded that interactions between the two intramolecular porphyrins become attractive when at least one of the two rings is converted to zinc porphyrin. The phenomenon was explained by dipole–dipole interaction arising from the large polarization in Zn complexes.
Synthesis and Photochemical Properties of Anthracene-Polyyne-Porphyrin Assemblies
Authors: Kawabata Shigeki , Yamazaki Iwao , Nishimura Yoshinobu 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
A series of anthrylpolyynes (α-anthryl-ω-(formylphenyl)polyynes) and anthrylpolyynylporphyrins (5-[(anthrylpolyynyl)phenyl]porphyrins) have been synthesized, and their photochemical properties and photoinitiated intramolecular excitation energy transfer from anthracene to porphyrin were studied by picosecond time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy. Although anthrylpolyynes have strong fluorescence emission and fluorescence high quantum yield, anthrylpolyynylporphyrins, in which porphyrin links to the other side of polyyne, show only typical fluorescence emission of porphyrin and almost no fluorescence emission in the spectral region of anthrylpolyynes. The excitation of anthryl substituent brings about an increase in the fluorescence emission of porphyrin on the picosecond time scale. The mechanism of quantitative energy transfer from the anthryl moiety to the porphyrin is discussed on the basis of the photochemical properties of the component molecules.
Removal of a Palladium-Bound Tertiary Phosphine Ligand with Silver(I) Salts to Generate Cationic Monoorganopalladium(II) Complexes Having One Trimethylphosphine Ligand
Authors: Kayaki Yoshihito , Shimizu Isao , Yamamoto Akio 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
Treatment of neutral monoorganobis(trimethylphosphine)palladium(II) halide complexes, trans-[PdR(X)(L)2] 1 (R = Me, Et, or Ph group, X = halide ligand, L = trimethylphosphine), with an equimolar amount of a silver salt such as AgBF4 usually gives cationic monoorganobis(trimethylphosphine) palladium(II) complexes, trans-[PdR(s)L2]BF4 (s = solvent) 2. But employment of an excess amount of the silver salt in the reaction with 1 or treatment of 2 with an additional amount of the silver salt yields a cationic monoorganopalladium(II) complex coordinated with one PMe3 ligand, cis-[PdR(L)(s)2]+3 by removing one of the PMe3 ligands in 2. The cationic mono-phosphine complex 3 can be also prepared by addition of an equimolar amount of a silver salt to the neutral dinuclear Cl-bridged, monophosphine complex [PdMe(μ-Cl)(PMe3)]25. The cis configuration of 3 was supported by comparison of the NMR spectra with those of cationic, cyclooctadiene (COD)-coordinated monomethylmono(trimethylphosphine)palladium complex, cis-[PdMe(PMe3)(cod)]BF4, 6. Complex 6 was prepared by two routes, by treatment of 3 with COD and by reaction of [PdMe(Cl)(cod)] 7 with an equimolar amount of AgBF4 followed by addition of an equimolar amount of PMe3. The cationic mono-phosphine complex 3 having one PMe3 ligand shows greater reactivity for the CO insertion than the bis-phosphine complex 2.
The First Syntheses of GLA-60 Positional Isomers and Their Biological Activities
Authors: Shiozaki Masao , Arai Masami , Macindoe Wallace M , Mochizuki Takashi , Wakabayashi Takanori , Kurakata Shin-ichi , Tatsuta Tohru , Maeda Hiroaki , Nishijima Masahiro 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
Six GLA-60 positional isomers (8, 14, 14′, 20, 26, and 26′) were synthesized to investigate their biological activities. Compound 8 exhibited potent agonistic activity, while compounds 26 and 26′ exhibited slight agonistic activity on TNFα production toward human monoblastic U937 cells. TNFα production (% control; 10 ng ml−1 of LPS = 100) of compound 8 in the concentration of 10 μM was 611, and that of lipid A in the same concentration was 651. In contrast, the difluorinated compounds 14, 14′, and 20 showed little agonistic activity on TNFα production. And neither compound 8 nor compounds 26 and 26′ showed antagonistic activity. On the other hand, the difluorinated compounds 14, 14′, and 20 showed potent antagonistic activity, and inhibited the LPS-induced TNFα production dose-dependently. Compound 14′ (10 μM) inhibited in excess of 80% of the LPS-induced TNFα production.
Gas-Phase Substituent Effects in Highly Electron-Deficient Systems. II. Stabilities of 1-Aryl-2,2,2-trifluoroethyl Cations Based on Chloride-Transfer Equilibria
Authors: Mishima Masaaki , Inoue Hiroki , Fujio Mizue , Tsuno Yuho 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
The relative stabilities of 1-aryl-2,2,2-trifluoroethyl cations were determined based on the chloride ion-transfer equilibria in the gas phase. An application of the Yukawa–Tsuno equation to this substituent effect on the equilibrium constants gave a remarkably larger r+ of 1.53 and a ρ of −10.6, supporting our previous conclusion that the highly electron-deficient benzylic carbocation systems are characterized by extremely high resonance demands. This r+ value, furthermore, conformed a linear relationship between the r+ value and the relative stability of the unsubstituted member of the respective benzylic carbocations, clearly demonstrating a continuous spectrum of varying resonance demands characteristic of the stabilities of carbocations. The π-delocalization of the positive charge into the aryl π-system increases with the destabilization of a carbocation by the α-substituent(s) linked to the central carbon. In addition, the r+ value of 1.53 for 1-aryl-2,2,2-trifluoroethyl cations was found to be in complete agreement with that for the solvolysis of 1-aryl-2,2,2-trifluoroethyl tosylates in 80% aq acetone. This reveals that the r+ value observed for this solvolysis must be the intrinsic resonance demand of a highly electron-deficient cationic transition state in the SN1 ionizing process. The identity of the r+ value was consistent with our previous observation for other benzylic carbocation systems, indicating that the degree of the π-delocalization of the positive charge is identical between the cationic transition state and an intermediate cation for all benzylic systems, which cover a wide range of reactivity and stability of the carbocation. This leads us to the conclusion that the geometry of the transition state in the ionizing process of the SN1 solvolysis, which is a highly endothermic reaction, closely resembles the high-energy product, an intermediate cation.
Mass-Spectrometric Study on Ion-Molecule Reactions of CF3+with PhX (X = F, Cl, Br, I) at Near-Thermal Energies
Authors: Tsuji Masaharu , Aizawa Masato , Oda Erika , Nishimura Yukio 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
The branching ratios of product ions for the reactions of CF3+ with PhX (X = F, Cl, Br, I) have been determined by using an ion-beam apparatus. The main reaction channels are electrophilic addition to a benzene ring, followed by HF and HX elimination, and X− abstraction reaction leading to phenyl cation. Charge transfer reaction leading to the parent cation was found only for PhI with the lowest ionization potential. Semi-empirical MNDO calculations of heats of formation of various intermediates and products were carried out to explore possible reaction mechanisms.
The Effect of Fused Rings on the Spectral and Electrochemical Properties of Bis-Fused 1,4-Diacetyl-1,4-dihydropyrazines
Authors: Kobayashi Tomoshige , Yamamoto Shin-ya , Kato Hiroshi 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
A series of 1,4-diacetyl-1,4-dihydropyrazines fused with two bornene, cyclopentene, and cyclohexene rings were prepared by the reduction of the corresponding pyrazines with zinc powder in the presence of acetic anhydride. Cyclic voltammetry measurements revealed that the oxidation potentials of the dihydropyrazines decrease in the order of cyclohexene-, bornene-, and cyclopentene-fused derivatives. This trend is in harmony with that of the bathochromic shifts in their UV absorptions.
Spectroscopy and Photophysics of O2 in the Neighborhood of the Dissociation Limit in Rare Gas Solids
Authors: Koda Seiichiro , Kajihara Hideo 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
The energy levels, potentials and relaxation mechanism of O2 doped in rare gas (Ar, Kr) and N2 solids in the neighborhood of the dissociation limit have been studied by means of absorption and emission spectroscopy. The environmental effects of the solids on the energy level shift are not large, but the cage effect is important in considering the relaxation mechanism following the laser irradiation. The efficient cross-relaxation among nested Herzberg states and specific energy transfer dependent on the energy gap between relevant levels, in particular from A′ state to c state, have been found. Due to the very slow vibrational relaxation, vibrationally excited O2 molecules have been accumulated to a high concentration in the solid. Based on the B–X transition energy values from the vibrationally excited O2 molecules, the B state potential curve has been determined. This shows that the cage effect retards the atomic dissociation in the B state.
Reaction Kinetics in a Microemulsion Medium IV. Hexacyanoferrate(III)–Iodide Reaction in Water/Aerosol-OT/Heptane Microemulsion and Mixed Solvents
Authors: Mukherjee Kallol , Mukherjee Dulal Chandra , Moulik Satya Priya 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
The kinetics of the reaction between [Fe(CN)6]3− and I− was studied in a W/O microemulsion (Water/AOT/Heptane at different [Water]/[Amphiphile] mole ratios) and in mixed water–organic media (water–formamide, water–ethylene glycol, and water–dioxane). The pseudo-first-order rate constants were observed to radically increase in microemulsion media with a [Water]/[AOT] mole ratio below 6. At a mole ratio of 5.4, the rate constant was found to be about 20-fold greater than that in water. At a constant mole ratio, the rate constant was witnessed to be independent of [AOT]. In all mixed media, the rate decreased with increasing proportion of the nonaqueous solvent. The ionic-strength effect on the reaction did not obey either the modified Brønsted–Bjerrum or Brønsted–Bjerrum–Pitzer relations in the studied nonaqueous media, except for ethylene glycol. This disagreement is very prominent in the studied W/O microemulsion medium at [Water]/[AOT] ω = 9.1. The activation parameters for the pseudo-first-order reaction in all of the studied media suggested distinct difference of the microemulsion from other solvents. A reasonable compensation between ΔH‡ and ΔS‡ i.e., the isokinetic effect, was observed.
Active Control of the Relative Population of 3P0 Fine-State in the Glow Discharge of a Supersonic Ar Beam
Authors: Midorikawa Ryotaro , Ohoyama Hiroshi , Imura Kohei , Kasai Toshio 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
An active control for changing the relative population of the 3P0 fine-state of Ar* in a supersonic beam was investigated in a glow discharge by adding a small amount of foreign gases to pure Ar gas. The Ar* mean velocity was determined to be constant at major positions of the time profile, except for a rise and the decay of the beam for all gas mixtures, and also pure Ar. The relative population of 3P0 decreased with the discharge potential for the addition of ethylene, cyclohexane, and benzene. However, the addition of N2 and CH4 and pure Ar, did not show such a 3P0 decrease. These dissimilar behaviors of the foreign mixed gases could be interpreted based on a difference in the ionization potential of the molecules. A useful application of this population control is discussed.