bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tosylgruppenübertragung mit O, O′‐Ditosylethylenglycol
Authors: Weber Edwin 
Published: September 2007

Tosyl Group Transfer with O, O′‐DitosylethyleneglycolThe ability of O, O′‐ditosylethyleneglycol (2a) to act as tosyl group transfer reagent to neopentyl type alcohols is described. Starting form 1a the spirooxetane 3 can be synthesized via tosyl group transfer in high yield. 4a by double tosyl transfer yields the ditosylate 4b. The homologous ditosylpropyleneglycol 2b does not react in a similar manner.
Primärprodukte bei den Photocycloadditionen von 9‐Anthracencarbonitril an α‐Terpinen und 1‐Methoxy‐1,3‐cyclohexadien
Authors: Kaupp Gerd , Schmitt Dieter 
Published: September 2007

Primary Products in Photocycloadditions of 9‐Anthracenecarbonitrile to α‐Terpinene and 1‐Methoxy‐1,3‐cyclohexadieneThe title reactions proceed with high orientational selectivity according to the requirements of hybridization effects in diradical mechanisms even under the rather extreme conditions of steric hindrance and polarity involved. In competition to exciplex formation the highly hindered [4 + 2]‐ and [4 + 4]‐adducts 3, and 4 are formed via different diradicals A and B. 4 undergoes a rapid 1,3‐suprafacial shift to yield 6 at 80°C, as does 9 at 0°C to yield the enol 10 which is hydrolyzed to yield the ketone 11. The structures of the products are established primarily by high field 1H‐NMR spectroscopy.
Synthesis and Evaluation of TAC‐Based Inhibitors of Papain as Mimics of Cystatin B
Authors: van Zoelen Dirk‐Jan , Egmond Maarten R. , Pieters Roland J. , Liskamp Rob M. J. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractAn approach for mimicking protein–protein interactions by using a discontinuous epitope to construct a mimic that is about one tenth of the size of a natural inhibitor of papain, namely, cystatin B, is described. The discontinuous epitope of cystatin B, which is involved in the interaction with papain, was mimicked by synthesis of a tripodal molecular construct by using the triazacyclophane (TAC) scaffold. The mimic contains three peptide arms: one that mimics the N terminus, one that mimics the C terminus, and one that mimics the β‐hairpin loop structure of cystatin B. These peptide sequences were assembled on the TAC scaffold. The resulting cystatin mimic, CysTACtin 9, showed excellent inhibition of papain with a Ki of 12 nM, which approaches the inhibitory potency of cystatin B (Ki=0.12 nM). Experiments with molecular constructs that contained one or two arms or a mixture of the nonscaffolded peptides showed that both scaffolding and the presence of the three peptide arms are crucial for a successful mimic.
Effect of Modified Enzymatic Catalysis on the Extraction of Diosgenin from Dioscorea zingiberensis C. H. Wright
Authors: Zhang Y. Q. , Liang J. H. , Fu E. H. , Li B. X. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractMulti‐enzymatic catalysis combined with acid hydrolysis is studied in order to enhance the efficiency of the enzymatic catalysis and reduce the mass transfer resistance from starch and cellulose in the extraction of diosgenin from Dioscorea zingiberensis C. H. Wright. The cellulase is modified by polyethylene to increase its optimal reaction temperature and pH value. The modified cellulase shows better thermostability and resistance to alkali. The modified cellulase, α‐amylase and β‐glycosidase are used to construct the multi‐enzyme and multi‐enzyme catalysis is used as a pretreatment process. Compared to primary industrial techniques including acid hydrolysis, spontaneous fermentation and enzymatic catalysis, conventional techniques are optimized by using multi‐enzymatic catalysis together with acid hydrolysis because of the higher reaction efficiency and lower levels of manipulation required. The purity of the product is more than 96 % with this technique, and the melting point is 205–207 °C. The diosgenin yield rate and the extraction rate reached are 2.43 % and 98 %, respectively. IR and 1H NMR spectroscopy were used to confirm the structure of the product.
Effects of the Inlet Section Angle on the Flow Field of a Cyclone
Authors: Qian F. P. , Zhang M. Y. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe gas flow fields of a cyclone with different inlet section angles have been studied numerically. The gas flow fields were simulated by means of the Reynolds Stress Transport Model (RSTM). The velocities and pressure drop profiles of these cyclones were investigated. The shortcut flow rates at the bottom of the vortex finder were calculated with different inlet section angles. To analyze the relationship between the inlet section angle and the vortex finder insertion deepness, this paper details the shortcut flow rates at the bottom of the vortex finder for three vortex finder insertion depths. The results indicate that the inlet section angle can decrease the shortcut flow from the bottom of the vortex finder, which has practical importance for the improvement of the separation efficiency. The inlet section angle can also decrease the pressure coefficient of a cyclone. When the inlet section angle is 45 °, the level of decrease is up to 30 %. However, the effect of the inlet section angle on the separation performance is related to the dimension of the vortex finder, i.e., the insertion depth and diameter of the vortex finder, and the effect is different when the cyclone has different vortex finder insertion depths.
A Fluorescent Molecular Switch Driven by the Input Sequence of Metal Cations: An Azamacrocyclic Ligand Containing Bipolar Anthracene Fragments
Authors: Nishimura Go , Maehara Hajime , Shiraishi Yasuhiro , Hirai Takayuki 
Published: September 2007

AbstractAn azamacrocyclic ligand (L) containing two anthracene (AN) fragments connected through two triethylenetetramine bridges has been synthesized, in which each of the bridges can coordinate with one metal cation. The effects of pH and metal cations (Zn2+ and Cd2+) on the emission properties of L were studied in water. Without metal cations, L does not show any emission at basic pH values. The addition of Zn2+ leads to the production of excimer emission, which is due to a static excimer formed by direct excitation of the intramolecular ground‐state dimer of the bipolar AN fragments that approach each other by Zn2+ binding. In contrast, Cd2+ addition does not result in excimer emission because the Cd2+–AN π complex, formed by donation of a π electron of the AN fragments to the adjacent Cd2+, suppresses π‐stacking interactions of the AN fragments. The most notable feature is the appearance of excimer emission controlled by the input sequence of metal cations: Zn2+→Cd2+ sequential addition (each one equivalent) allows excimer emission, whereas the reverse sequence (Cd2+→Zn2+) does not. In the Zn2+→Cd2+ sequence, Cd2+ coordination is structurally restricted by the first Zn2+ coordination with the other polyamine bridge, leading to the formation of a weak Cd2+–AN π complex. In contrast, for the reverse sequence, the first Cd2+ coordination forms a stable Cd2+–AN π complex, which is not weakened by sequential Zn2+ coordination, resulting in no excimer emission.
Total Synthesis of the Proposed Structure of the Anthrapyran Metabolite δ‐Indomycinone
Authors: Tietze Lutz F. , Singidi Ramakrishna Reddy , Gericke Kersten M. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe first total synthesis of the proposed structure of δ‐indomycinone has been accomplished. The key steps involve the Diels–Alder reaction of a bromonaphthoquinone (6) and 1‐methoxy‐3‐methyl‐1‐trimethylsiloxy‐1,3‐butadiene (7) to access the anthraquinone skeleton, representing a common building block of other naturally occurring anthraquinone antibiotics, regioselective bromination of anthraquinone (14) and a highly diastereoselective alkylation of enantiomerically pure dioxolanone 8. The reported synthetic approach has the advantage of high yields, excellent selectivity and a remarkable general applicability for the total synthesis of other anthrapyran natural products. The spectroscopic data obtained for the synthetic compounds 2 and 36 are not in agreement with those reported for the natural product, and therefore revision of the assigned structure is required.
TiIV‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Sulfenylation of 1,3‐Dicarbonyl Compounds
Authors: Jereb Marjan , Togni Antonio 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe electrophilic enantioselective sulfenylation of 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds with phenylsulfenyl chloride is effectively catalyzed by [Ti(TADDOLato)] complexes. The corresponding products are obtained in moderate to high yields. The highest ee values (up to 97 %) are obtained in toluene at room temperature and with a typical catalyst loading of 5 mol %. Bulky ester groups and sterically undemanding substituents at the α‐position were found to be crucial structural features of the starting materials in order to assure high enantioselectivity. The absolute configuration of one of the chiral products has been determined. The stereochemical course of the reaction is similar to that of analogous [Ti(TADDOLato)]‐catalyzed atom‐transfer reactions. A common side‐reaction the sulfenylated products undergo is a deacylation leading to racemic α‐sulfenylated esters.
Effects of Cu and Ti Excess on the Dielectric Properties of CaCu3Ti4O12 Prepared Using a Wet Chemical Method.
Authors: Yeoh Cheow Keat , Ahmad Mohd. Fadhli , Ahmad Zainal Arifin 
Published: September 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
ClnH6‐nSiGe Compounds for CMOS Compatible Semiconductor Applications: Synthesis and Fundamental Studies.
Authors: Tice Jesse B. , Chizmeshya Andrew V. G. , Roucka Radek , Tolle John , Cherry Brian R. , Kouvetakis John 
Published: September 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Preparation of Cyclopenta‐Fused N‐, O‐, and S‐Heterocycles by Lewis Acid Catalyzed Nazarov Reaction.
Authors: Bartali Laura , Larini Paolo , Guarna Antonio , Occhiato Ernesto G. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
SnCl4 and SbCl5 Promoted Aromatization of Enamines.
Authors: Bigdeli Mohammad Ali , Rahmati Abbas , Abbasi‐Ghadim Hossein , Mahdavinia Gholam Hossein 
Published: September 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Mild Cobalt‐Catalyzed Hydrocyanation of Olefins with Tosyl Cyanide.
Authors: Gaspar Boris , Carreira Erick M. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Facile Method for Trimethylsilylation of Alcohols Using Hexamethyldisilazane and Ammonium Thiocyanate under Neutral Conditions.
Authors: Jadhav Vrushali H. , Kumar K. S. Ajish , Chaudhari Vinod D. , Dhavale Dilip D. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Development of Practical Rhodium Phosphine Catalysts for the Hydrogenation of β‐Dehydroamino Acid Derivatives.
Authors: Enthaler Stephan , Erre Giulia , Junge Kathrin , Holz Jens , Boerner Armin , Alberico Elisabetta , Nieddu Ilenia , Gladiali Serafino , Beller Matthias 
Published: September 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Highly Enantioselective Hydrogenation of β‐Alkyl and β‐(ω‐Chloroalkyl) Substituted β‐Keto Esters.
Authors: Karame Iyad , Bellur Esen , Rotzoll Sven , Langer Peter , Fischer Christine , Holz Jens , Boerner Armin 
Published: September 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Chiral Diamides as Efficient Catalytic Precursors for the Borane‐Mediated Asymmetric Reduction of Prochiral Ketones.
Authors: Basavaiah Deevi , Rao Kalapala Venkateswara , Reddy Bhavanam Sekhara 
Published: September 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
The First Sequential Reaction Promoted by Manganese: Complete Stereoselective Synthesis of (E)‐α,β‐Unsaturated Esters from 2,2‐Dichloroesters and Aldehydes.
Authors: Concellon Jose M. , Rodriguez‐Solla Humberto , Diaz Pamela , Llavona Ricardo 
Published: September 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Asymmetric Oxidation Catalysis by a Chiral Al(salalen) Complex: Highly Enantioselective Oxidation of Sulfides with Aqueous Hydrogen Peroxide.
Authors: Yamaguchi Tetsufumi , Matsumoto Kazuhiro , Saito Bunnai , Katsuki Tsutomu 
Published: September 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Amino Acids as a Chiral Pool: Synthesis of (S)‐ and (R)‐2‐N‐Carbomethoxy‐5‐aminoindan from (S)‐ and (R)‐Phenylalanines.
Authors: Waykole Liladhar M. , McKenna Joseph J. , Bach Andrew , Prashad Mahavir , Repic Oljan , Blacklock Thomas J. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Sonochemical Formation of Iodohydrin and Epoxide from Cyclohexene.
Authors: Fernandes Vanessa S. , Barboza Jayne C. S. , Serra Antonio Aarao 
Published: September 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
New Approach to 3‐Aminothiophene‐2‐carboxylic Acid Derivatives: Access to 5‐Aryl‐4‐(ethylsulfanyl) Compounds.
Authors: Lassagne Frederic , Pochat Francis , Sinbandhit Sourisak 
Published: September 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Microwave‐Enhanced Rhodium‐Catalyzed Conjugate‐Addition of Aryl Boronic Acids to Unprotected Maleimides.
Authors: Iyer Pravin S. , O'Malley Meaghan M. , Lucas Matthew C. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of Indole Analogues of the anti‐Helicobacter pylori Compounds CJ‐13,015, CJ‐13,102, CJ‐13,104 and CJ‐13,108.
Authors: Wilson Zoe E. , Heapy Amanda M. , Brimble Margaret A. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
One‐Pot Synthesis of Benzimidazoles from o‐Nitroanilines under Microwaves via a Reductive Cyclization.
Authors: Surpur Mandar P. , Singh Pankajkumar R. , Patil Sachin B. , Samant Shriniwas D. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Fast and Efficient Bromination of Isoxazoles and Pyrazoles by Microwave Irradiation.
Authors: Li Guo , Kakarla Ramesh , Gerritz Samuel W. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of 5‐Alkyl(aryl)sulfanyl‐4‐chloro‐3‐trichloromethyl‐1,2‐thiazoles and 5‐Alkyl(aryl)sulfanyl‐4‐chloro‐1,2‐thiazole‐3‐carboxylic Acids
Authors: Potkin V. I. , Nechai N. I. , Kaberdin R. V. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Microwave‐Promoted Efficient Synthesis of 3‐(5‐Arylfuran‐2‐yl)‐6‐aryl/aryloxymethylene‐1,2,4‐s‐triazolo [3,4‐b]‐1,3,4‐thiadiazoles.
Authors: Wang Xi‐Cun , Liu Juan 
Published: September 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of 1,3,4‐Trisubstituted Isoquinolines by Iodine‐Mediated Electrophilic Cyclization of 2‐Alkynyl Benzyl Azides.
Authors: Fischer Dirk , Tomeba Hisamitsu , Pahadi Nirmal K. , Patil Nitin T. , Yamamoto Yoshinori 
Published: September 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Unusual Synthesis of Dihydropyrido[2,1‐a]isoindolone Derivatives by Radical Cyclization of Enamides of Baylis—Hillman Adducts.
Authors: Gowrisankar Saravanan , Kim Seong Jin , Lee Ji‐Eun , Kim Jae Nyoung 
Published: September 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Chemistry of Diazocarbonyl Compounds. Part 30. Development of a Synthetic Approach to Pyridazine Structure via Wittig Reaction of Fluoroalkyl‐Containing Diazo Keto Esters.
Authors: Galiullina S. V. , Zakharova V. M. , Kantin G. P. , Nikolaev V. A. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
3,4‐Dibromotetrahydro‐γ6‐thiophene 1,1‐Dioxide in S,N‐Tandem Heterocyclizations. Synthesis of Tetrahydrothienothiazolopyrimidines.
Authors: Shklyarenko A. A. , Yakovlev V. V. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Combined Claisen Rearrangement and Olefin Metathesis as a Route to Diverse Naphthalene Derivatives.
Authors: Chattopadhyay Shital K. , Ghosh Debalina , Neogi Kaushik 
Published: September 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Semisynthesis and Antifeedant Activity of New Acylated Derivatives of Tutin, a Sesquiterpene Lactone from Coriaria sinica.
Authors: Li Meng‐Lou , Cui Jun , Qin Rui‐Hao , Gao Jin‐Ming , Zhang Yan‐Bing , Guo Xin‐Rong , Zhang Wei 
Published: September 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Convenient Preparation of Chiral Phase‐Transfer Catalysts with Conformationally Fixed Biphenyl Core for Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of α‐Alkyl‐ and α,α‐Dialkyl‐α‐amino Acids: Application to the Short Asymmetric Synthesis of BIRT‐377.
Authors: Wang Yong‐Gang , Ueda Mitsuhiro , Wang Xisheng , Han Zhenfu , Maruoka Keiji 
Published: September 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Acid‐Catalyzed Aza‐Diels—Alder Reactions for the Total Synthesis of (.+‐.)‐Lapatin B (I).
Authors: Leca Dominique , Gaggini Francesca , Cassayre Jerome , Loiseleur Olivier , Pieniazek Susan N. , Luft Jennifer A. R. , Houk K. N. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of Anabaseine and Anabasine Derivatives: Structural Modifications of Possible Nicotinic Agonists.
Authors: Sobarzo‐Sanchez Eduardo , Castedo Luis , De la Fuente Julio R. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Total Synthesis of Pulchellalactam via an RCM Strategy.
Authors: Chavan Subhas P. , Pathak Ashok B. , Dhawane Abasaheb N. , Kalkote U. R. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Mupirocin H (I), a Novel Metabolite Resulting from Mutation of the HMG‐CoA Synthase Analogue, mupH in Pseudomonas fluorescens.
Authors: Wu Ji'en , Cooper Sian M. , Cox Russell J. , Crosby John , Crump Matthew P. , Hothersall Joanne , Simpson Thomas J. , Thomas Christopher M. , Willis Christine L. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis and Stereochemical Assignment of FR252921, a Promising Immunosuppressant.
Authors: Falck J. Russell , He Anyu , Fukui Hiroki , Tsutsui Hideyuki , Radha Akella 
Published: September 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Use of Ionic Liquids in the Synthesis of Nanocrystals and Nanorods of Semiconducting Metal Chalcogenides.
Authors: Biswas Kanishka , Rao C. N. R. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Review of the Synthetic Chemistry Involved in the Production of Core/Shell Semiconductor Nanocrystals
Authors: van Embden Joel , Jasieniak Jacek , Gomez Daniel E. , Mulvaney Paul , Giersig Michael 
Published: September 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Complexes with Fe2III(μ‐O)(μ‐OH) Core Surrounded by Hydrogen‐Bonding Interaction
Authors: Honda Yasutaka , Arii Hidekazu , Okumura Takeshi , Wada Akira , Funahashi Yasuhiro , Ozawa Tomohiro , Jitsukawa Koichiro , Masuda Hideki 
Published: September 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.