bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contribution of ice dynamics along Nares Strait to the stability of ice arches
Authors: Moore G.W.K. , Howell Stephen , Ballinger Thomas , McNeil Kaitlin , Brady Mike 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Nares Strait, situated between northwest Greenland and Ellesmere Island, is an important conduit for exporting sea ice from the Arctic, especially thick multi-year ice undergoing an accelerated loss compared to other ice types. This export is impacted by ice arches that can form along the Strait and remain stable for months at a time resulting in a reduction in ice export. Arch stability is a function of sea ice thickness and there is a concern that the thinning of Arctic sea ice may weaken the arches resulting in an accelerated export of sea ice. However, little is known about the spatial and temporal variability of sea ice thickness along the Strait. Here we show that before arch formation, there is a local maximum in ice thickness where arches typically form, which is related to ice convergence. Furthermore, we demonstrate that ice motion continues north of the arch after it forms, resulting in convergence and a dynamic thickening of the sea ice. We propose that, even though thinning ice is a cause for concern, the dynamics of sea ice transport along Nares Strait lead to localized thickening of sea ice that may contribute to continued arch formation and stability.
Competition between Kardar-Parisi-Zhang and Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless kinetic roughening on (001) singular surface: nucleation-limited steady crystal growth
Authors: Akutsu Noriko , Kangawa Yoshihiro 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Kinetic roughening of the (001) singular surface for nucleation-limited steady crystal growth is studied on the basis of a lattice model using the Monte Carlo method. At a sufficiently low temperature, there are two kinetic roughening points as the driving force for crystal growth Δμ increases. At a low driving force ΔμKPZ(001), there is the Karder-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) roughening transition point. On the KPZ rough surface, elementary steps around islands are well defined though the surface is thermodynamically rough, with a roughness exponent α of 0.3869. At a relatively large driving force, the Berezinskii-Kosteritz-Thouless (BKT)-type kinetically rough region was found for ΔμBKT(001) < Δμ. Around the middle driving force between the two kinetic roughening points, the crossover area that starts from the driving force ΔμKtoT(001) was found. For ΔμKtoT(001) < Δμ, the surface grows linearly as the driving force increases (adhesive growth). The points ΔμKPZ(001), ΔμKtoT(001), and ΔμBKT(001) decrease with increasing temperature because the step free energy decreases.
Direct and lagged climate change effects strongly intensified the widespread 2022 European drought
Authors: Bevacqua Emanuele , Rakovec Oldrich , Schumacher Dominik , Kumar Rohini , Thober Stephan , Samaniego Luis , Seneviratne Sonia , Zscheischler Jakob 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

In 2022, Europe faced an extensive summer drought with severe socio-economic consequences. By combining observations and climate model outputs with hydrological and land-surface simulations, we show that central and southern Europe experienced the highest observed total water storage deficit since satellite observations began in 2002, likely representing the highest and most widespread soil moisture deficit in the last six decades. While precipitation deficits primarily drove the soil moisture drought, human-induced global warming contributed to over 30% of the drought intensity and its spatial extent via enhancing evaporation. We identify that 14-41% of the climate change contribution was mediated by the warming that started to dry out the soil before the hydrological year 2022, indicating the importance of considering lagged effects of climate change to avoid underestimating associated risks. Qualitatively similar effects were observed in river discharges. These results highlight that global warming effects on droughts are already underway, widespread and long-lasting, and that drought risk may escalate with further human-induced warming in the future.
Possible extinction of Eversmannia subspinosa in Eastern Alborz by 2060 due to climate change: A MaxEnt study
Authors: Zaheri Amir , Naderi Reza , Amirahmadi Atefe 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Climate change has altered ecosystems by affecting the suitability of environments for different species. Species distribution models provide insights regarding these changes, which could be valuable in conservation planning. In this study, we model the current and projected future distribution of Eversmannia subspinosa, a shrub from the Fabaceae family, across the Eastern Alborz area. This plant is endangered in Iran and is only found in the study area.We used the Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) method and trained the model with the least correlated and most important bioclimatic and topographic variables. CMCC-ESM2 and HadGEM3 climate models, in conjunction with IPCC Representative Concentration Pathways RCP2.6, RCP4.5, and RCP8.5, were used to predict the distribution of the species in 2040 and 2060. Our results suggest that the current habitats of E. subspinosa are mainly in southern parts of Eastern Alborz. Elevation (54.9%) and annual mean temperature (24.5%) were the main contributors to the model. CMCC-ESM2 model predicts significant habitat loss up to 2040 and almost complete disappearance of high probable habitats (0.5 ≤ probability of presence) up to 2060. It also suggests a distribution shift toward higher elevations in Northern and North-Eastern areas of the study area. The model trained by HadGEM3 predicts extinction of E. subspinosa across the study area up to 2040. Filling the gaps between protected areas and national parks and limiting road construction, which blocks its migration to higher elevations in response to global warming, could delay the extinction of this rare species in Iran.
Sensory dysfunction in SMA type 2 and 3 - adaptive mechanism or concomitant target of damage?
Authors: Koszewicz Magdalena , Ubysz Jakub , Dziadkowiak Edyta , Wieczorek Malgorzata , Budrewicz Slawomir 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The motor neuron survival protein performs numerous cellular functions; hence, SMA is considered to be a multi-organ disease with possible concomitant sensory system damage. Standard elec-trophysiological studies of the sensory nerves and assessments of the sensory thresholds for different modalities in adults with SMA types 2 and 3 were conducted. The study group consisted of 44 adult SMA patients. All patients underwent neurological examination using the Hammersmith Functional Motor Scale – Expanded (HFMSE). Standard sensory electrophysiological studies in the ulnar nerve and the estimation of vibratory, temperature, and warm-and cold-induced pain thresholds were performed using quantitative sensory testing (QST) with the assessment of high and low temperature dispersion. The most reproducible result was the high amplitude of the sensory nerve action potentials (SNAP) in SMA patients compared to controls. This was higher in type 2 patients compared to type 3a and 3b patients and patients with low HFSME scores. Patients with SMA, especially type 3b presented a longer sensory latency and slower conduction velocity than did controls. Cold pain threshold was higher and warm dispersion larger in SMA. The vibra-tory limit was higher in patients with high HFSME scores. A high SNAP amplitude suggests sensory fibre hyperactivity, which may be based on overactivation of metabolic pathways as an adap-tive mechanism in response to SMN protein deficiency with additionally coexisting small C-and A-delta fibre damage. SMA patients seem to have a concomitant, mild demyelinating process present at the early SMA stage.
The effect of probiotics oral administration during gestation on infant gut microbiota in early life
Authors: Lin Yongchuang , Chai Yang , Wu Lulu , Li Yimi , Long Qilian , Gong Xuan , Luo Huijuan , Xiao Xiaomin 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
Probiotics have been widely used by pregnant women, but the effect of probiotics on the infant gut microbiota has not been clearly confirmed.This study aimed at investigating the effects of probiotics oral administration during the third trimester on infants' gut microbiota within the first 6 months following vaginal delivery.
Methods
Healthy Chinese pregnant women were recruited and randomly divided into the probiotic group and the control group. The first-pass meconium samples and the fecal samples of infants were collected by trained personnel on 3 days, 14 days, 6 months following vaginal birth. The 16SrRNA gene sequencing technology was applied to analyze the infants' gut microbiota.
Results
1. Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were the most dominant phyla in both control and probiotic groups within the first 6 months of life. 2. The diversity of the infants gut microbiota had no difference between the two groups at any time points during the first 6 months of life. 3. There was a lower relative abundance of Bacteroidetes of the probiotic group infants compared with that of the control group infants on 0 day, 14 days as well as 6 months. 4. The probiotic group infants displayed a higher Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio(F/B ratio) than the control group during the neonatal period.
Conclusion
The probiotics oral administration during the third trimester may decreased the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes of their 6 months infants gut microbiota, and increased the Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio. But the effect on the diversity of infants gut microbiota was limited.
The Multi-decadal Collapse of East Antarctica’s Conger-Glenzer Ice Shelf
Authors: Walker Catherine , Millstein Joanna , Miles Bertie , Cook Sue , Fraser Alexander , Colliander Andreas , Misra Sidharth , Trusel Luke , Adusumilli Susheel , Fricker Helen Amanda 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Antarctica is losing net mass to the ocean; most of this loss has occurred in West Antarctica and the Antarctic Peninsula, which together hold ~5.5 m of sea level rise (SLR) potential. The East Antarctic Ice Sheet (EAIS) stores almost 10x more ice, and contributes the largest uncertainty to SLR projections, primarily due to insufficient process-scale observations. While EAIS has largely remained stable, it has recently started showing signs of change around its margins. We report the first-ever major ice shelf collapse observed in EAIS, culminating with the March 2022 disintegration of the Conger-Glenzer Ice Shelf, formerly comprising the eastern portion of Shackleton Ice Shelf (SIS) on Knox Coast. Overall, the collapse had four stages spanning several decades starting 1997-2000 when small calving events isolated it from SIS; in 2011, it retreated from a central pinning point, followed by relative quiescence for a decade; the remaining ~1200 km2 area disintegrated over a few days in mid-March 2022. While the pace of most previous ice shelf collapses has prevented detailed sampling, this long-term, multi-stage event provided the opportunity to sample and isolate processes involved in ice shelf collapse, enabling crucial data for early warning indicators and enhancing our understanding of EAIS dynamics and response to future ocean and atmospheric forcing.
Multigenerational hybridisation results in heterosis and facilitates adaptive introgression, with no evidence of outbreeding depression in a pair of marine gastropods
Authors: Cummins Deanne , Johnson Michael , Tomkins Joseph , Kennington Jason 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Anthropogenic environmental changes continue to threaten species globally. On the one hand, anthropogenic movement of species has caused unintentional hybridisation, which has contributed to species declines. On the other hand (more recently), hybridisation has been viewed as a way to increase the evolutionary potential of species vulnerable to rapid environmental change. However, the benefits of mixing genetically divergent lineages do not come without risks to individual fitness and the long-term viability of populations. Here, we use a combination of genome-wide Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) markers, mitochondrial DNA sequencing and measurements of growth rate to determine the long-term genetic consequences of hybridisation between two congeneric marine gastropods. Multigeneration hybridisation resulted from the introduction of the intertidal periwinkle Bembicium vittatum (a direct developer) into the native range of its congener Bembicium auratum (a species with planktotrophic larval dispersal). Despite significant genetic divergences between the species, we found no direct evidence of outbreeding depression in the admixed population. Instead, we found evidence for heterosis, which dissipated over time. After an initial lag, the frequency of introduced B. vittatum alleles declined dramatically in the hybrid population, however, a few B. vittatum alleles (3.18%) increased significantly in frequency against the overall trend, providing evidence of adaptive introgression. In the context of hybridisation as a conservation management tool, our results provide some evidence of the potential benefits that can be gained and suggest that the costs due to outbreeding depression can be small.
Dividend Tax Capitalization and Firm Valuation: Insights from Taiwan's Capital Markets
Authors: Wang Chuan-San 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This study investigates the impact of comprehensive personal income taxes on capital markets using the market model estimated by seemingly unrelated regressions. Focusing on the repeal of Article 238 of the Companies Act in Taiwan in 2001, which allowed companies to choose whether to transfer capital reserves to retained earnings, we explore how this decision affected firm valuation. While theoretically, such a transfer does not alter firm value, it enhances a company’s ability to distribute cash dividends. We examine whether shareholders discount stock prices due to anticipated increases in comprehensive personal income tax associated with dividend payments. Our findings reveal negative abnormal returns following the repeal of Article 238, particularly pronounced for companies with larger amounts of transferable capital reserves. Moreover, investors assign lower valuations to capital reserves eligible for transfer into retained earnings. These results carry implications for understanding the impact of dividend taxes on stock prices and broader considerations regarding the effects of similar tax burdens on capital markets.
Enhancing Spatial Query Processing Efficiency in IoT Environments Through a Mobile Agent Paradigm
Authors: Ameur Imane , Lagraa Nasreddine , Ameur Mazene 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Many applications and protocols in IoT Environments are based on spa-tial query processing. Spatial queries are often submitted by users toextract and derive information from sensor nodes and get the resultof the query on a particular area in a monitored region using locationinformation. In this paper, we are particularly interested in Windowqueries, because it is one of the most important types of spatial queries,and retrieve the physical data detected from nodes in a two-dimensionalzone of interest. The current research fits within the framework ofstudying the problem of spatial query processing in the context ofIoT Environments. Our objective is to propose a Window query pro-cessing approach for IoTs based on different performance trade-offs,namely energy efficiency, latency, and accuracy. In this regard, a newapproach, based on the paradigm of mobile agents, for spatial queryprocessing in IoT Environments is proposed, which responds to the con-straints of sensor networks to enhance the efficiency of spatial queryprocessing in a geographic area. Finally, the simulation results obtainedfrom the NS-2 simulator showed the effectiveness of our approachfor several simulation parameters and in different environments.
Moment estimates and well-posedness of the binary-ternary Boltzmann equation
Authors: Ampatzoglou Ioakeim , Gamba Irene , Pavlović Natasa , Tasković Maja 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

In this paper, we show global well-posedness as well as the generation and propagation of polynomial and exponential moments for the binary-ternary Boltzmann equation with integrable angular kernel. We show that the homogeneous binary-ternary equation behaves like the better of the two - the purely binary or purely ternary equation - in the sense that it exhibits the generation of moments corresponding to the part of the kernel with the highest potential rate. An important consequence of this is establishing, for the first time, generation of moments of solutions even if one of the potentials corresponds to Maxwell molecules (something that is not known for purely binary or purely ternary equation with Maxwell type interactions). To address these questions, we develop compact manifold angular averaging estimates for the ternary collision operator. This is the first paper which discusses this type of questions for the binary-ternary Boltzmann equation and opens the door for studying moments properties of gases with higher collisional density.
Changes in the soil and rhizosphere microbiomes associated with bacterial wilt decline in the tomato monoculture field
Authors: Peng Junwei , Hou Jinfeng , Liu Hong , Mavrodi Dmitri V. , Mavrodi Olga V. , Sun Feifei , Shen Minchong , Wang Xia , Dang Keke , Zhou Jiawen , Dong Yuanhua , Li Jiangang 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
Monoculture farming increases the efficiency of planting and harvesting, but at the same time, exacerbates the severity of soilborne diseases. Disease-suppressive soils are an effective and sustainable resource for managing soilborne diseases in monoculture systems. However, the abiotic and biotic factors contributing to the emergence and function of specific suppressiveness remain elusive, limiting the broader acceptance of suppressive soil in agriculture. Here, we investigated changes in the belowground tomato microbiome during long-term monoculture leading to an outbreak and subsequent suppression of bacterial wilt. We also conducted greenhouse experiments to examine the differences in rhizosphere community and plant performance between disease-suppressive soil and disease-conductive soil. Moreover, we used metagenomics to assess the functional profiles of rhizosphere communities in response to suppressive soil.
Results
In our long-term tomato monoculture system, wilt incidence steadily increased, culminating in the most severe outbreak in the fifth cropping cycle. Surprisingly, in the seventh crop, wilt symptoms spontaneously declined, signifying a transition toward the disease-suppressive state. Greenhouse disease assays confirmed that the suppressive soil had significantly lower wilt incidence, compared to its disease-conductive counterpart. Drenching tomato seedlings planted in infested soil with rhizosphere soil suspensions from disease-suppressive plots significantly improved the plant growth and physiological characteristics compared to seedlings treated with a conducive soil suspension. The monocropping and disease reduction were associated with shifts in the diversity and abundance of multiple bacteria associated with plant roots, including an enrichment of Bacillus, Pseudomonas, and Streptomyces. Isolates of Pseudomonas and Bacillus from plants growing in suppressive soil antagonized R. solanacearum and significantly decreased the incidence of bacterial wilt in greenhouse trials. Another important change that accompanied the transition towards the disease-suppressive state involved the enrichment of Streptomyces and trace elements (Mn, Ni) in bulk soil. Functional analysis of the suppressive soil metagenome revealed enrichment of genes for the synthesis of antibiotics, polysaccharides, nitrogen metabolism, mineral absorption, and energy production.
Conclusions
This study is among the first to directly demonstrate that long-term tomato monoculture can induce specific soil suppressiveness against Ralstonia wilt, while also revealing the key changes in soil and rhizosphere microbiomes and their function associated with this phenomenon.
The triglyceride paradox: a retrospective analysis based on the MIMIC-Ⅳ database
Authors: Huang Yujie , Sun Zhengjie 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
Previous studies suggest that sepsis patients often have elevated triglyceride levels due to various factors, and higher levels may indicate a poorer prognosis. However, few studies have investigated whether lower triglycerides are associated with a better prognosis.
Methods
The Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV (MIMIC-IV) database provided all the data. To assess the association between triglycerides and prognosis, we used logistic regression analysis (LR) and Cox proportional hazards models. We further controlled for confounders using propensity score matching (PSM).
Results
Inclusion criteria were met by a total of 804 patients with a mean triglyceride of 103. We found that patients had a higher risk of 30-day ICU mortality and 30-day in-hospital mortality when triglycerides were in the second percentile (74 mg/dL-103 mg/dL). Interestingly, this group of patients seems to benefit more from the use of atorvastatin.
Conclusion
The relationship between triglyceride levels and prognosis in patients with sepsis is complex. Our study indicates that a poor prognosis is often associated with triglyceride levels in the range of 74 mg/dL-103 mg/dL.
Curvature Guided Color Image Restoration by Saturation Value Total Variation
Authors: Wang Wei , Wang Jingjie , Ng Michael 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

In this paper, we propose a novel curvature guided saturation value total variation model for color image restoration. Specifically, we incorporate the curvature prior into the traditional variational model to guide the evolution in the direction that maintains the curvature information. Theoretically, we investigate the properties of the proposed model, and give a detailed discussion based on the mathematical foundation about the existence of the solution. Numerically, we formulate an effective and efficient algorithm to solve the proposed minimization problem based on the framework of alternating direction method of multipliers. Numerical examples are presented to demonstrate that the performance of the proposed model is better than that of other testing methods for several testing color images.
AMS subject classifications. 65K10, 65J22, 68U10, 90C25,