bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antibodies to filamentous actin (F-actin) in type 1 autoimmune hepatitis
Authors: Granito A , Muratori L , Muratori P , Pappas G , Guidi M , Cassani F , Volta U , Ferri A , Lenzi M , Bianchi F B 
Published: February 2006

Aims:To evaluate the diagnostic significance of anti-filamentous actin antibodies (A-FAA) assessed with a commercial ELISA in comparison with immunofluorescence reactivity and patterns of anti-smooth muscle antibodies (SMA); and to correlate A-FAA positivity with clinical, immunogenetic, laboratory, and histological features in patients with autoimmune hepatitis type 1 (AIH-1).Methods:We studied 78 consecutive untreated AIH-1 patients and 160 controls: 22 with autoimmune hepatitis type 2 (AIH-2), 51 with hepatitis C, 17 with coeliac disease (CD), 20 with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) and 50 blood donors. SMA was evaluated by indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) on frozen sections of rat tissues, and A-FAA with a modified commercial ELISA.Results:SMA was detected by IIF in 61 (78%) of 78 AIH-1 patients, of whom 47 (60%) had the SMA-T/G and 14 (18%) the SMA-V pattern. Of the pathological controls, 32 (20%) had the SMA-V pattern (25 with hepatitis C, 2 with AIH-2, 2 with PBC, 3 with CD). A-FAA were present in 55 AIH-1 patients (70.5%; 46 with SMA-T/G, 7 with SMA-V, and 2 SMA-negative), and in 10 controls (6%), of whom five had hepatitis C, two AIH-2, two PBC and one CD. The association between A-FAA and the SMA-T/G pattern was statistically significant (p<0.0001). A-FAA levels were higher in SMA-T/G positive than SMA-V positive AIH-1 patients and controls (p<0.0001). A-FAA positivity was significantly associated with higher γ-globulin and IgG levels, but did not correlate with other considered parameters.Conclusion:The modified A-FAA ELISA strictly correlates with the SMA-T/G pattern and is a reliable and operator independent assay for AIH-1. Detection of A-FAA, even if devoid of prognostic relevance, may be useful when interpretative doubts of standard IIF arise.
Claudins in differential diagnosis between mesothelioma and metastatic adenocarcinoma of the pleura
Authors: Soini Y , Kinnula V , Kahlos K , Pääkkö P 
Published: February 2006

Aim:To study the expression of claudins in mesothelioma and metastatic pleural adenocarcinoma.Methods:Immunohistochemical staining of claudins 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 7 was studied in 35 malignant mesotheliomas and the expression compared with 24 cases of pleural metastatic adenocarcinoma. All cases were also immunostained with calretinin.Results:Claudin 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 7 expression was seen in 40%, 80%, 18%, 23%, 14%, and 43% of mesotheliomas, respectively, while the corresponding figures for adenocarcinoma were 100%, 88%, 90%, 100%, 50%, and 92%. Claudins 1, 3, 4, 5, and 7 were significantly less positive in mesothelioma than in metastatic adenocarcinoma, while no difference was observed for claudin 2. Claudins 1, 3, 4, 5, and 7 were also inversely associated with calretinin positivity. Sarcomatoid and biphasic mesothelioma subtypes appeared more negative for these claudins than pure epithelioid subtypes. Claudin expression was not associated with survival of patients with malignant mesotheliomas.Conclusions:The results show that malignant mesotheliomas have a lower expression of claudins 1, 3, 4, 5, and 7 than adenocarcinomas, and their expression could thus be used as an adjunct in differential diagnosis between the two. The difference was most evident for claudins 3 and 4, which were nearly as good as calretinin in mesothelioma detection. Sarcomatoid and biphasic mesotheliomas showed expression of these claudins only occasionally, which could be due to or contribute to their less epithelial appearance.
Microstructure Evolution in ZrC Irradiated with Kr ions
Authors: Gan J , Meyer MK , Birtcher RC , Allen TR 
Published: February 2006

Abstract
The gas-cooled fast reactor (GFR) is one of six concepts for the Generation-IV nuclear energy system. The fuel for the GFR requires both a high heavy metal loading and the ability to withstand temperatures up to 1600°C during a loss of coolant accident. ZrC is among the few potential refractory ceramic materials with necessary properties to be considered as matrix materials for a dispersed carbide fuel. The radiation response of ZrC to high dose and temperature is a critical research need. This work investigated the microstructure of ZrC irradiated with 1 MeV Kr ions to doses of 10 and 30 dpa at 27°C and 10 and 70 dpa at 800°C with a damage rate approximately 3.0 × 10−3 dpa/s. No radiation-induced amorphization was found. A lattice expansion of approximately 7 % was observed for ZrC irradiated to 70 dpa at 800°C.
Review, Analysis, and Hazard Mitigation of the Life-Support Oxygen System on Royal Australian Air Force P-3 Orion Aircraft
Authors: Hay PJ , Burns DMC , Steinberg TA 
Published: February 2006

AbstractTo ensure te ongoing safe operation of the Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) P-3 Orion life-support oxygen system, a system review was completed that included a failure modes and effects analysis combined with an oxygen hazards and fire risk analysis. Though the RAAF P-3 Orion oxygen system has been operational for many years, the results of these analyses clearly identified many deficiencies in the current system configuration, thus demonstrating the value of the formal analysis approach. Design, procedural, maintenance, and material issues were all identified and addressed in the course of this process. This paper provides a brief summary of the analyses performed, the results obtained, risk tables generated, and their use leading to the recommendations for changes incorporated onto RAAF P-3 Orion aircraft that resulted from this work.
NMR-Characterization of Magnetic Fluids
Authors: Langer A. , Mayer C. 
Published: February 2006

Summary

31P-NMR spectra have been measured on aqueous solutions and gels of phosphorylated polyvinyl alcohol in absence and in presence of dispersed magnetic nanoparticles. In this system, the rotational diffusion is still rapid enough for a sufficient averaging of the CSA tensor of the 31P nucleus. At the same time, the lateral diffusion of the 31P nuclei is significantly reduced. Under these circumstances, it is possible to detect the spatial distribution of the local field by 31P-NMR. The obtained line shape exhibits the characteristic shark fin pattern which has been predicted on a theoretical basis. This basically supports the proposed dependence of the NMR line shape on the velocity of lateral diffusion which allows for detailed analysis of lateral motion.
Periodically Forced Ferrofluid Pendulum: Effect of Polydispersity
Authors: Leschhorn A. , Lücke M. 
Published: February 2006

Summary
We investigate a torsional pendulum containing a ferrofluid that is forced periodically to undergo small-amplitude oscillations. A homogeneous magnetic field is applied perpendicular to the pendulum axis. We give an analytical formula for the ferrofluid-induced “selfenergy” in the pendulum’s dynamic response function for monodisperse as well as for polydisperse ferrofluids.
Magnetic Nanoparticles for Biomedical Heating Applications
Authors: Dutz S. , Hergt R. , Mürbe J. , Töpfer J. , Müller Robert , Zeisberger M. , Andrä W. , Bellemann M. E. 
Published: February 2006

Summary
In the past, magnetic nanoparticles have found increasing interest in different biomedical applications, e.g. the magnetic hyperthermia of tumor cells or the remote controlled drug delivery to the gut. These applications are based on a magnetically induced heating effect caused by different magnetic loss mechanisms in the nanoparticles. To advance the present state of the art of these methods, it is important to use particles with a higher specific heating power (SHP) at lower magnetic field amplitudes. To this aim, several iron oxide nanoparticle powders, consisting of particles in the diameter range from 10 nm up to 100 nm, were prepared by two different chemical methods and magnetically as well as morphologically characterized. The magnetic characterization was done by using a vibrating sample magnetometer and the calorimetrical determination of SHP. The dependence of the magnetic losses on the morphological properties was investigated. Magnetic characterization showed that several suitable iron oxide absorbers can be utilized. With decreasing particle size, hysteresis loss underestimates SHP at higher frequencies as measured calorimetrically. The effect of measurement frequency on the hysteresis losses is shown experimentally. Experimental results are discussed in the frame of known theoretical models of nanoparticle magnetism.
Nanoscaled Nickel-Zinc-Iron Oxides of Spinell Type as Soft Magnetic Colloids and their Ferromagnetic Resonance Spectrum
Authors: Sauer H. M. , Cura E. , Spiekermann S. , Hempelmann Rolf 
Published: February 2006

Summary
Colloids made from ferrite nanoparticles are a good example of how the properties of materials change when scaled down to the nanometre scale: the continuous spectrum of magnetic spin wave excitations breaks up to a set of discrete absorption lines. In order to exploit this phenomenon, the chemical composition of the ferrite as well as the preparation method for the suspensions are essential: in nickel zinc ferrites, the magnetic anisotropy field and the life time of magnetic resonance states can be fine tuned by the zinc content to achieve optimal microwave absorption. This makes such colloids interesting for high-power microwave applications, such as bond/disbond-on-command, that are difficult to obtain with polycrystalline materials.
Magnetization of Rotating Ferrofluids: Predictions of Different Theoretical Models
Authors: Leschhorn A. , Lücke M. 
Published: February 2006

Summary
We consider a ferrofluid cylinder, that is rotating with constant rotation frequency Ω = Ωe
z as a rigid body. A homogeneous magnetic field H
0 = H
0
e

x
is applied perpendicular to the cylinder axis e
z. This causes a nonequilibrium situation. Therein the magnetization M and the internal magnetic field H are constant in time and homogeneous within the ferrofluid. According to the Maxwell equations they are related to each other via H = H
0 − M/2. However, H and M are not parallel to each other and their directions differ from that of the applied field H
0. We have analyzed several different theoretical models that provide equations for the magnetization in such a situation. The magnetization M is determined for each model as a function of Ω and H
0 in a wide range of frequencies and fields. Comparisons are made of the different model results and the differences in particular of the predictions for the perpendicular components H
y = −M
y/2 of the fields are analyzed.
Distribution of Mitoxantrone after Magnetic Drug Targeting: Fluorescence Microscopic Investigations on VX2 Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells
Authors: Alexiou Christoph , Jurgons Roland , Seliger Christian , Kolb Sabine , Heubeck Bernd , Iro Heinrich 
Published: February 2006

Summary
Magnetic drug targeting (MDT) is a new approach in local cancer therapy. Starch coated magnetite nanoparticles bound to the chemotherapeutic agent mitoxantrone can be enriched in the tumor region of a VX2 squamous cell carcinoma in rabbits. Using fluorescence-microscopy we showed enrichment of the chemotherapeutic agent in its site of action, the DNA.
Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida Outbreak in Cage-Reared Atlantic Bluefin Tuna Thunnus thynnus
Authors: Mladineo Ivona , Miletić Ivana , Bočina Ivana 
Published: February 2006

Abstract
High mortalities of the bluefin tuna Thunnus thynnus reared in Adriatic Sea cages occurred during spring 2004. Outbreaks had been previously reported at the same facility in similar conditions in the tuna population harvested in winter 2003. Fish displayed no external clinical signs of disease except for changed coloration and atypical swimming, and gross pathology was limited to general signs of septicemia. Histological and bacteriological findings suggested an epizootic outbreak of pasteurellosis. The pathology suggested an acute infection with the changes characteristic of septicemia. Most fish died in 1–2 d without gross pathology, possibly because of the virulence of the bacterial strain or reduced resistance of the fish. A low percentage of fish developed a chronic form of infection with disseminated granulomas in kidneys but also showed no gross pathology. Tuna parasitofauna was evaluated and did not appear to affect the development and the course of the disease.
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay Used to Measure the Prevalence of Clostridium botulinum type E in Fish in the Lower Great Lakes
Authors: Getchell R. G. , Culligan W. J. , Kirchgessner M. , Sutton C. A. , Casey R. N. , Bowser P. R. 
Published: February 2006

Abstract
A quantitative polymerase chain reaction (QPCR) assay for the type E Clostridium botulinum toxin gene was developed and used in a survey of apparently healthy, moribund, and freshly dead fish from the lower Great Lakes. The focus was on species that had died in recent fish kills, such as freshwater drum Aplodinotus grunniens, smallmouth bass Micropterus dolomieu, and round goby Neogobius melanostomus. Samples of these species were obtained during scheduled collections and during die-offs. A 139-base-pair fragment of DNA, located near the junction of the light and heavy chains of the type E toxin gene, was cloned for the real-time assay and was used as a standard to quantify the number of C. botulinum type E bacteria present in the liver and intestinal content samples tested. Samples that tested positive for C. botulinum type E were then assayed for toxin by the traditional house mouse Mus musculus bioassay and with a botulinum toxin rapid detection kit designed for qualitative environmental screening. We tested a total of 736 fish from Lakes Erie and Ontario during 2002, and 678 fish were tested in 2003. This work has demonstrated the presence of the type E C. botulinum toxin gene and, by inference, the presence of vegetative cells in dying freshwater drum, apparently healthy smallmouth bass and round goby, and a dead lake sturgeon Acipenser fulvescens. The freshwater drum were found either in a moribund condition with signs of botulism or freshly dead during die-offs in July 2002 and late August 2003 at several locations in the eastern basin of Lake Erie; no fish from Lake Ontario tested positive by means of QPCR. Our research has begun to clarify the role moribund fish may play in the C. botulinum type E intoxications that have recently struck the live-fish-eating birds of the lower Great Lakes.
Modulatory Effects of Atorvastatin on Endothelial Cell–Derived Chemokines, Cytokines, and Angiogenic Factors
Authors: Zineh Issam , Luo Xiaoping , Welder Gregory J. , DeBella Amy E. , Wessel Timothy R. , Arant Christopher B. , Schofield Richard S. , Chegini Nasser 
Published: February 2006

Study Objective. To investigate the immunomodulatory effects of 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors (statins) by determining whether atorvastatin alters the production of specific endothelium‐derived immunoactive proteins and whether its treatment effects depend on its concentration and/or inhibition of 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase.Design. In vitro study using a multiplexing method for protein measurement.Setting. University laboratory.Measurements and Main Results. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells were cultured to approximately 80% confluence and treated with atorvastatin 1–50 μM alone or with mevalonate for 24 hours. Untreated cells served as controls. Culture‐conditioned media were removed and multiplex assayed for protein content of epithelial neutrophil‐activating peptide‐78, interleukin‐8, monocyte chemotactic protein‐1, interleukin‐6, interleukin‐10, fibroblast growth factor, and granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor. Atorvastatin significantly reduced the production of epithelial neutrophil‐activating peptide‐78, interleukin‐6, interleukin‐8, and monocyte chemotactic protein‐1 (p<0.001 to p<0.05) in a concentration‐dependent manner without affecting basal production of interleukin‐10, fibroblast growth factor, and granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor. The treatment effects of atorvastatin were reversed with concurrent mevalonate therapy.Conclusion: By inhibiting 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase, atorvastatin lowered concentrations of several inflammatory molecules derived from basal‐state endothelial cells in a concentration‐dependent manner. The in vivo importance of these immunomodulatory effects needs further investigation.
Inhibition of Atazanavir Oral Absorption by Lansoprazole Gastric Acid Suppression in Healthy Volunteers
Authors: Tomilo Desiree L. , Smith Patrick F. , Ogundele Abayomi B. , Difrancesco Robin , Berenson Charles S. , Eberhardt Ellana , Bednarczyk Edward , Morse Gene D. 
Published: February 2006

Study Objective. To determine whether the pharmacokinetics of atazanavir, a protease inhibitor used to treat human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, are altered by its coadministration with lansoprazole, a proton pump inhibitor.Design. Single‐dose, open‐label, complete‐crossover study.Setting. Clinical research center.Subjects. Ten healthy adult volunteers.Measurements and Main Results. In phase A, subjects received a single oral dose of atazanavir 400 mg alone. In phase B, the same subjects received oral lansoprazole 60 mg, and after 24 hours they were given a second dose of oral lansoprazole 60 mg with atazanavir 400 mg. Eleven blood samples were collected from each subject over a 24‐hour period for determination of atazanavir plasma concentrations by a validated high‐performance liquid chromatography assay. Pharmacokinetic analysis was performed by standard noncompartmental methods. Nine subjects completed the study, and no significant adverse events were reported. Absorption of atazanavir was significantly reduced when it was coadministered with lansoprazole, as evidenced by a 94% decline in mean area under the concentration‐time curve during the 24 hours after administration (AUC0–24) (p<0.01). The mean ± SD AUC0–24 for phase A was 16.3 ± 9.0 μM•hour versus 0.95 ± 1.8 μM•hour for phase B (p<0.01). The mean ± SD maximum concentration of atazanavir was 3.2 ± 1.7 μM for phase A and 0.13 ± 0.19 μM for phase B (p<0.01).Conclusion. Acid suppression markedly reduced the bioavailability of atazanavir in this group of healthy volunteers. Based on these results, atazanavir should not be coadministered with lansoprazole or other proton pump inhibitors.
Synthesis and characterization of aromatic copolyesters containing siloxane linkages in the polymer backbone
Authors: Waghmare P. B. , Idage S. B. , Menon S. K. , Idage B. B. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractA new series of aromatic copolyesters containing siloxane linkages were prepared by the melt polymerization of bisphenol A (BPA) with eugenol end‐capped siloxane (EuSi), diphenyl terephthalate (DPT), and diphenyl isophthalate (DPI) in varying ratio in the temperature range 220–290°C under reduced pressure in the presence of dibutyl tin dilaurate (DBTL) catalyst. The siloxane copolyesters prepared were characterized by FTIR, 1H‐NMR spectroscopy, solution viscosity, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and X‐ray diffraction. The effect of incorporation of eugenol end‐capped siloxane was studied on the properties of BPA/DPI/DPT copolyesters. The glass‐transition temperature of copolyester was decreased from 184 to 70°C by incorporation of 20% of eugenol end‐capped siloxane. All copolyesters were found to be soluble in commonly used aprotic polar solvents and had film‐forming properties. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 3222–3228, 2006
Dual electroluminescence from a single‐component light‐emitting electrochemical cell, based on water‐soluble conjugated polymer
Authors: Gu Zhen , Shen Qun‐Dong , Zhang Juan , Yang Chang‐Zheng , Bao Yong‐Jun 
Published: February 2006

AbstractPoly [[2‐methoxy‐5‐(3‐sulfonatopropoxy)‐1, 4‐phenylene]‐1, 2‐ethenediyl] (MPS‐PPV) was an anionic water‐soluble conjugated polymer. A novel single‐component light‐emitting electrochemical cell (LEC) with an indium tin oxide/MPS‐PPV/aluminum sandwich structure has been successfully fabricated. MPS‐PPV serves as both luminescent material and ionic conductor in the active layer. Electroluminescence can be observed under both forward and reverse bias with emission maxima at about 520 nm (green light). In particular, the device has a low turn‐on voltage of about +3V and −4V, and can sustain long‐term operations without much loss of efficiency at ambient conditions. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 2930–2936, 2006
Fluorescence quantum yield of poly(3‐octylthiophene) upon electrochemical doping
Authors: Danno T. , Kobayashi K. , Tanioka A. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThe in situ optical absorption and fluorescence of poly(3‐octylthiophene) (POT) upon electrochemical doping were studied. Fluorescence from the undoped POT was observed in the acetonitrile electrolyte. It was quenched by the electrochemical doping. The effect of a dopant molecule on the intensity change of the fluorescence is 7.5 times greater than the one for the optical absorption. Thus, the fluorescence quantum yield decreased after electrochemical doping. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 3111–3115, 2006
Investigation of oxygen diffusion into contact lenses using electron spin resonance spectroscopy
Authors: Aydin Emine , Özgür Evrim E. , Özbey Turan , İrkeç Murat , Bozkurt Banu , Kaptan H. Yılmaz 
Published: February 2006

AbstractOxygen permeability is the most important parameter of contact lenses, as lack of oxygen causes corneal edema and threatens the vision of the patient. This study was unique in that it used an electron spin resonance (ESR) technique to determine the oxygen diffusion coefficient (D) of contact lenses. Although there are many methods and techniques for investigating oxygen diffusion into contact lenses, ESR was used for the first time in this study. The ESR technique is based on the scavenging of radicals produced in lenses by oxygen. As a contact lens is not a paramagnetic substance, it cannot give an ESR spectrum. But it does produce an ESR spectrum after γ irradiation. When a vacuum‐irradiated contact lens is exposed to air, the radicals trapped in the lens are transformed into peroxide radicals by the addition of molecular oxygen to the free radicals, and the ESR spectrum begins to change with time. This effect can be used as a tool to measure oxygen uptake in irradiated contact lenses. The oxygen diffusion coefficient of a contact lens was determined from changes in ESR signal intensity varying with time. The diffusion coefficients of oxygen for a contact lens were determined for rapid decay [(1.5 + 0.4) × 10−8 cm2/s] and slow decay [(1.3 + 0.3) × 10−9 cm2/s] in this study. These values are in agreement with the D values given in the literature for polymeric materials used for contact lenses. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 2937–2941, 2006