bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Senna alata with Selenium Mitigates Liver and Kidney Injury from Isoniazid and Rifampicin in Mice
Authors: Okwulu Oluwadunni Joan , Lawal Ibrahim , Danjuma-Audu Naomi Oghenefega , Abatan Mathew Olawale 
Published: April 2024

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the ameliorative potentials of S. alata in combination with Selenium on liver and kidney injury induced by Isoniazid-Rifampicin (INH-RIF).
Study Design: Original Research work.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute for Pharmaceutical Research and Development (NIPRD), Idu, Abuja, between August and October 2023.
Methods: Hydroethanolic extract of S. alata (EESA) was obtained by maceration, 25 Swiss mice (25-35g) were divided into 5 groups, GP1 received distill water, GP 2-5 INH-RIF 150mg/kg for the first two days; while groups 3-5 received S.alata 100mg/kg, 200mg/kg and 400mg/kg in combinAtion with Selenium 1mg/kg respectively from day 3 till day 14 orally. Sera samples were obtained and organs (liver and kidney) for weighing and histopathology on day 15.
Results: This study showed that S.alata (EESA) (100mg/kg) and Selenium (1mg/kg) showed no reduction (P>.05) in the biochemical parameters (AST, ALP, ALT, BUN, Uric acid, and creatinine); histo-anatomy of both organs showed injury. The 200mg/kg EESA/Se (1mg/kg) reduced significantly (P<.05) elevated parameters for liver only (ALT, ALP); liver histo-picture showed no lesion; 400mg/kg combination decreased all parameters significantly (P<.05); histo-pathology showed no lesion in both organs. Weights of the liver showed significant reduction (P=.0025, .0052, and .0027) at 100, 200, and 400mg/kg respectively; but no significant difference in weights of the kidney compared to the toxic group.
Conclusion: It was concluded that EESA 200mg/kg with Selenium 1mg/kg can mitigate the toxic effects of Isoniazid-Rifampicin on the liver, while EESA/Se 400mg/kg combination has ameliorative potentials on liver and kidney toxicity from INH-RIF. These effects may be dose-dependent. It was recommended that 400mg/kg of EESA and 1mg/kg of Selenium combination be considered in drug development.
Psychosocial Aspects of Children with Thalassemia in Mosul City
Authors: Ali Mohammed Abdul-Aziz , Dhahir Nawaf Mohammed 
Published: April 2024

Background: Thalassemia is a widespread heritable disease in Mediterranean region, the assessment of psychological and social status of thalassemic children is an important issue.
Objectives: The main aim is to assess psychosocial status of children with thalassemia and to find out the association between some demographic characteristics and psychosocial aspects.
Methodology: A cross-sectional study of (101) randomly selected thalassemic children. The study was conducted at Al-Hadbaa Specialist Hospital for blood diseases and bone marrow transplantation, Mosul City, Iraq for the period from 1st November 2023 to 5th January 2024.In order to collect the required data, a questionnaire was developed based on the standards of the pediatric quality of life Scale (PedsQoL).
Results: shows that the largest proportion of samples belong to the age group (9-12) years and the highest percentage of the study sample is female (50.5%).Regarding education, the table presents that the highest percentage of patients are student (67.3%). The table also shows that (65.3%) of patients have family history of thalassemia. For the number of blood transfusion, the highest percentage was (every 3 weeks) to be (59.4%). The mean+SD emotional domain score was 1.8733±0.602, social domain score was 1.2436±3.55.
Conclusion: The present study indicates that psychosocial aspects were range between moderate for emotional functioning and good for social functioning. And there is significant association between some demographic variables and psychosocial functioning of thalassemic children.
Recommendations: The current study recommended to provide psychological and social support units for thalassemic children to help them to adapt with the disease by reducing negative thoughts about themselves and building a positive self-image.
Limited Awareness of HCV among Ophthalmic Patients in Nigeria
Authors: Onwuegbuna Arinze Anthony , Apakama Akunne Ijeoma , Eze Ugochukwu , Chianakwalam Emeka Akujuobi , Ezeude Chidiebele Malachy , Ochiogu Bernard Chukwunonyerem , Chigbo Chisom God’swill , Eleje George Uchenna 
Published: April 2024

Background: The hepatitis C virus causes serious morbidity and mortality and is a global public health concern.
Aim: To ascertain adult patients’ awareness of hepatitis C in a specialist eye clinic in Anambra State, Nigeria.
Methods: A pretested, semi-structured questionnaire administered by interviewers and also self-administered by participants was used in this prospective, descriptive, cross-sectional study to ascertain the awareness of hepatitis C among adults visiting a specialist eye clinic in Anambra State, Nigeria. Descriptive variables and tests of significance were used in the analysis of data on socio demographics, awareness, and knowledge of hepatitis C. The COUTH Ethics committee granted ethical approval.
Results: Because they met the inclusion criteria, 264 people in total took part in this survey. With an age range of 20–87 years, there were 110 (41.7%) males and 154 (58.3%) females, with a ratio of 1:1.4. The average age was 60.6 +/- 14.8 years. The majority of the 149(56.4%) participants were unaware of HCV infection while 258 (97.8%) were unaware of the method by which HCV is spread.
Conclusion: In Nigeria, adult patients who visit eye clinics have low knowledge of hepatitis C.
Reaction mechanism and kinetics for the liquid‐phase catalytic oxidation of meta‐xylene to meta‐phthalic acid
Authors: Wang Qinbo , Zhang Yongzhao , Cheng Youwei , Li Xi 
Published: July 2008

AbstractA detailed radical chain elementary reaction mechanism for the liquid‐phase catalytic oxidation of meta‐xylene to meta‐phthalic acid catalyzed by cobalt acetate and manganese acetate and promoted by hydrogen bromide was proposed. Using several reasonable assumptions a simple fractional‐like kinetic model was derived from the assumed reaction mechanism. Several batch oxidation experiments were carried out to study the oxidation kinetics. The experiments included three values of the initial concentration of meta‐xylene and four values of reaction temperature. The developed model parameters were determined in a nonlinear optimization, minimizing the difference between the simulated and experimental time evolutions of the product compositions obtained in a batch oxidation reactor, where the gas and liquid phases were well mixed. The experimental results cannot be interpreted by the empirical n‐th order kinetics, but can be interpreted by the kinetic model proposed in this work. It means the kinetic model proposed in this work reveals the reaction mechanism. © 2008 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2008
Experimental study of a turbulent cross‐flow near a two‐dimensional rough wall with narrow apertures
Authors: Mokamati Satya , Olson James A. , Martinez D. Mark , Gooding Robert W. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractTurbulent flow over a rough wall with suction or blowing is a common fluid mechanics problem that has many practical applications including pulp screening. To better understand, the complex hydrodynamics at the critical region near the surface of the wall, the streamwise mean and velocity fluctuations were determined experimentally using laser Doppler velocietry. The near‐wall streamwise velocity fluctuations and local mean streamwise velocity were shown to be a strong function of the surface roughness, and the aperture and cross‐flow velocities. A correlation for the mean velocity and the wall shear stress acting near the wall was determined. © 2008 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2008
Jenseits von Prostaglandinen – Chemie und Biologie radikalisch gebildeter cyclischer oxygenierter Metabolite von mehrfach ungesättigten Fettsäuren
Authors: Jahn Ullrich , Galano Jean‐Marie , Durand Thierry 
Published: July 2008

AbstractMehrfach ungesättigte Fettsäuren (polyunsaturated fatty acids, PUFA) sind wichtige Bestandteile aller Organismen. Sie erfüllen viele Aufgaben, von der Modulation der Membranstruktur bis hin zur Funktion als Vorstufen für andere physiologisch bedeutsame Naturstoffe. Prominenteste Beispiele sind die Prostaglandine, die lange als die dominierenden cyclischen PUFA‐Metabolite galten. Seit Beginn der 1990er Jahre wurde jedoch eine große Zahl cyclischer PUFA‐abgeleiteter Naturstoffe entdeckt, die sich in vivo unter autoxidativen Bedingungen in wesentlich größeren Mengen als Prostaglandine bilden. Diese Verbindungen – Isoprostane, Neuroprostane, Phytoprostane und Isofurane – kommen überall in der Natur vor und zeigen eine ganze Reihe von biologischen Aktivitäten. Sie sind gegenwärtig die verlässlichsten Indikatoren oxidativen Stresses im menschlichen Organismus. In relativ kurzer Zeit wurden vielfältige Strukturen, Eigenschaften und Funktionen autoxidativ gebildeter cyclischer PUFA‐Metabolite aufgedeckt.
Non‐holonomic filamentary dynamos as generalized Arnold's maps in Riemannian space
Authors: Garcia de Andrade L.C. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractA filamentary non‐holonomic dynamo solution of self‐induction magnetic field equation is found by considering highly conducting filaments. It is shown that planar filaments cannot support dynamo action since the flow along the filament vanishes for torsion‐free filaments. This is a generalization of the Zeldovich theorem for linear magnetic dynamo filaments. The flow of filament is proportionally to the product between Frenet torsion and curvature. This shows that filamentary dynamos must possess Frenet torsion. A well‐known example of this result is the α ‐dynamo in solar physics. Magnetic helicity and magnetic energy for this filamentary dynamo are computed. Magnetic helicity vanishes by construction and the magnetic field decays with torsion energy in helicoidal dynamos. The approach considered here is useful for the investigation of anisotropic turbulent cascades. As a particular simple example it is shown that under certain constraints the solution can be reduced to the Arnold cat dynamo map solution where the non‐holonomic directional mixed derivative, would play the role of the Lyapunov exponent which appears on stretching the magnetic field in Riemannian space. The solution seems to describe marginal slow dynamos when the velocities involved in the dynamo flows are constants. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Productivity and impact of astronomical facilities: Three years of publications and citation rates
Authors: Trimble V. , Ceja J.A. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractIn calendar years 2001 to 2003, 20 journals of astronomy and astrophysics published 11 831 papers that reported or analyzed observations at wavelengths from meter radio to ultrahigh energy gamma rays. These were cited 161 556 times in the three calendar years following publication, according to the Science Citation Index/Web of Science, for an average of 13.66 citations per paper or 4.55 citations per paper per year. We examine these numbers as a function of subject matter, wavelength bands, journals, and individual telescopes used and explore a small subset of possible temporal trends, anomalies, and sources of uncertainty, including blockbuster journals, papers and facilities. Many of the results resemble qualitative expectations. There are hot topics (cosmology, exoplanets) and not so hot topics (binary stars, planetary nebulae). Papers reporting data from space are cited a bit more often, and ground‐based radio papers a bit less often, than optical papers, while multi‐wavelength ones do noticeably better than average. The total number of telescopes involved is surprisingly large, approximately 350 optical and infrared (mostly ground‐based but including HST because of its long life), 144 radio facilities on about 100 sites (including WMAP and COBE and a few balloon‐borne CMB experiments), and 105 space‐based detectors (including satellites, interplanetary probes, things carried on rockets, balloons, the Shuttle, and so forth). The outstanding telescopes are generally both stable with time and predictable. HST and the VLA are responsible for the largest number of optical and radio papers respectively, but the most frequently cited optical papers come from SDSS (by a wide margin), Keck, and the AAT, while the JCMT, Parkes and (especially) CMB observatories lead the radio brigade. Among things that fly, leadership changes more quickly, as missions are launched, vigorously exploited, and turned off, sometimes achieving geostationary, suboceanic orbits. If you have a choice, large trumps small, but wellsupported sites trump struggling ones by a comparable factor. And service to the community, in the form of catalogues and mission descriptions, is rewarded, at least in citation numbers, if not always in other ways. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Photometric and astrometric analysis of a mutual event between the Uranian satellites Miranda and Oberon
Authors: Birlan M. , Nedelcu D.A. , Lainey V. , Arlot J.‐E. , Binzel R.P. , Bus S.J. , Rayner J. , Thuillot W. , Vaduvescu O. , Colas F. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractObservations of the predicted occultation between the satellites Miranda and Oberon were performed on 2007 July 30. Data analysis reveals that the predicted magnitude drop for this phenomenon was overestimated and we establish an upper limit of 0m. 05 for the phenomenon, perhaps due to a non‐lambertian limb scattering. The new astrometry obtained from this run is in good agreement with the LA06 numerical model and these new data will improve the dynamical models of the Uranus system. The paper concludes with an uncertainty analysis on the parameters for the event, determined by the uncertainty of the magnitude drop of about 0.04 mag, and the difficulty to observe mutual phenomena between satellites in the Uranian system. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Aldehyde–alcohol dehydrogenase and/or thiolase overexpression coupled with CoA transferase downregulation lead to higher alcohol titers and selectivity in Clostridium acetobutylicum fermentations
Authors: Sillers Ryan , Al‐Hinai Mohab Ali , Papoutsakis Eleftherios T. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractMetabolic engineering (ME) of Clostridium acetobutylicum has led to increased solvent (butanol, acetone, and ethanol) production and solvent tolerance, thus demonstrating that further efforts have the potential to create strains of industrial importance. With recently developed ME tools, it is now possible to combine genetic modifications and thus implement more advanced ME strategies. We have previously shown that antisense RNA (asRNA)‐based downregulation of CoA transferase (CoAT, the first enzyme in the acetone‐formation pathway) results in increased butanol to acetone selectivity, but overall reduced butanol yields and titers. In this study the alcohol/aldehyde dehydrogenase (aad) gene (encoding the bifunctional protein AAD responsible for butanol and ethanol production from butyryl‐CoA and acetyl‐CoA, respectively) was expressed from the phosphotransbutyrylase (ptb) promoter to enhance butanol formation and selectivity, while CoAT downregulation was used to minimize acetone production. This led to early production of high alcohol (butanol plus ethanol) titers, overall solvent titers of 30 g/L, and a higher alcohol/acetone ratio. Metabolic flux analysis revealed the likely depletion of butyryl‐CoA. In order to increase then the flux towards butyryl‐CoA, we examined the impact of thiolase (THL, thl) overexpression. THL converts acetyl‐CoA to acetoacetyl‐CoA, the first step of the pathway from acetyl‐CoA to butyryl‐CoA, and thus, combining thl overexpression with aad overexpression decreased, as expected, acetate and ethanol production while increasing acetone and butyrate formation. thl overexpression in strains with asRNA CoAT downregulation did not significantly alter product formation thus suggesting that a more complex metabolic engineering strategy is necessary to enhance the intracellular butyryl‐CoA pool and reduce the acetyl‐CoA pool in order to achieve improved butanol titers and selectivity. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2009;102: 38–49. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Nonintrusive measurement of interfacial area and volumetric fraction in dispersed two‐phase flows using a neural network to process acoustic signals—A numerical investigation
Authors: Filletti Érica R. , Seleghim Jr Paulo 
Published: July 2008

AbstractA new methodology for measuring the volumetric fraction and interfacial area in two‐phase flows is proposed in this study, based on neural networks processing the responses obtained from an acoustic interrogation signal. The geometrical distribution of the phases within the flow is mapped by the local acoustic propagation velocity, which is considered in the governing differential equation. This equation is solved numerically by the finite difference method with boundary conditions reproducing the excitation/measurement strategy. A significant number of propagation velocity distributions were considered in the solution of the differential equation to construct a database from which the neural model parameters could be adjusted. Specifically, the neural model is constructed to map the features extracted from the signals delivered by four acoustic sensors placed on the external boundary of the sensing domain, into the corresponding void fraction and interfacial area. These features correspond to the amplitudes and the times of arrival of the first three peaks of the acoustic wave. Numerical results showed that the neural model can be trained in a reasonable computational time and is capable of estimating the values of the volumetric fraction and the interfacial area of the examples of the test set. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Conflict resolution among early childhood educators
Authors: Jenkins Sandy , Ritblatt Shulamit , MCDonald Jeffrey S. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractLittle attention has been given to conflict resolution in preschools. Early childhood educators working with children aged three to five completed a ten‐to fifteen‐minute survey to examine their attitudes and practices toward conflict. This study explored the types of conflict resolution strategies they used and thought were effective in their classrooms. The strategies were also examined in relation to the demographic characteristics of the participants. Results indicated that educators used cooperative strategies in their classrooms. Significant relationships were demonstrated involving the types of strategies used and demographic factors.
Is it just talk? Understanding and evaluating intergroup dialogue
Authors: Wayne Ellen Kabcenell 
Published: July 2008

AbstractIntergroup dialogues are lauded as a way to increase understanding and reduce prejudice, but a limited amount of published research explores the effectiveness of these processes. This article examines the evaluation of a yearlong dialogue program for African American and Jewish high school students, considering both consistently found attitudinal changes and others that appear dependent on the nature and extent of relationships formed among dialogue participants.
Connected sensor cover for area information coverage in wireless sensor networks
Authors: Wang Bang , Chua Kee Chaing , Srinivasan Vikram 
Published: July 2008

AbstractCoverage is an important issue in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) and is often used to measure how well a sensor field is monitored by the deployed sensors. If the area covered by a sensor can also be covered by some other sensors, this sensor can go into an energy‐saving sleep state without sacrificing the coverage requirement. In this paper, we study the problem of how to select active sensors with the constraints that the selected active sensors can provide complete field coverage and are completely connected. We propose to use the notion of information coverage, which is based on estimation theory to exploit the collaborative nature of WSNs, instead of using the conventional definition of coverage. Owing to the use of information coverage, a point that is not within the sensing disk of any sensor can still be considered to be covered without loss of estimation reliability. We propose a heuristic to approximately solve our problem. The basic idea is to grow a connected sensor tree to maximize the profit from the covered points of the selected sensors in each step. Simulations are used to validate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm and the results illustrate that the number of active sensors to provide area coverage can be greatly reduced by using the notion of information coverage compared with that by using the conventional definition of coverage. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Degradation of the MIMO channel capacity due to additional noises of amplifiers
Authors: Uthansakul P. , Uthansakul M. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractIt is theoretically well known that a multiple input multiple output (MIMO) system can offer higher channel capacity than a conventional wireless system. The MIMO capacity is increased as a function of signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) and a number of antenna elements at both the transmitter and receiver. To realize MIMO capability in practical use, the implementation of all electronic devices is necessary to be considered. Amplifiers become the most common devices assembled at the transmitter and receiver with the purpose of overcoming the power loss in the wireless channel. High power amplifier (HPA) and low noise amplifier (LNA) are the special types of amplifiers that are compulsory for the transmitter and receiver, respectively. Both devices have the same function to provide the reliable power gains while adding as little noise as possible. For a MIMO system, the channel capacity sensitively grows as a function of SNR. Therefore, the changes in SNR due to HPA and LNA definitely degrade the system capacity. In this paper, the degradation due to both devices is investigated by taking the gain and noise figure of these amplifiers into account. The new formula of MIMO channel capacity including amplifier characteristics is originally proposed. The results indicate the remarkable consideration on using amplifiers as they may degrade the capacity up to 26%. This can be the guideline for MIMO researchers to spare the capacity margin caused by the additional noises of amplifiers. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Distribution learning for radio network planning tool simulation
Authors: Nouir Z. , Sayrac B. , Fourestié B. , Tabbara W. , Brouaye F. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractWe propose a novel method that combines the simulation results of a model‐based prediction tool with the knowledge contained in measurement data. This mixture of thea priori informationandthe posteriori knowledgeaims at enhancing the prediction results by increasing their precision and quality. A multilayer perceptron (MLP) is trained to learn the mapping between the distributions of the measurement data and the simulation data. To make the complexity of the MLP tractable, we propose the utilization of independent component analysis (ICA). The ICA transformation makes the variables at the input of the MLP statistically independent so that it can perform its learning and generalization on individual one‐dimensional distributions. Other contributions consist of the application of thek‐means clustering algorithm on the incoming data and the use of the training dataworld modelto enhance the generalization capability of the MLP. The world model consists of the aggregation of all the available data in the learning space. The proposed method is applied to a third generation mobile network to enhance the predictions of uplink and downlink base station loads. After a training performed on a given network configuration, mechanical antenna tilts are modified and we show that the results obtained by the supervised predictions are much closer to measurements than simulation results for cases that have not been encountered before. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.