bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wave propagation in nonlinear one‐dimensional soil model
Authors: Ahn J. , Biscontin G. , Roesset J. M. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe objective of the research conducted by the authors is to explore the feasibility of determining reliable in situ values of shear modulus as a function of strain. In this paper the meaning of the material stiffness obtained from impact and harmonic excitation tests on a surface slab is discussed. A one‐dimensional discrete model with the nonlinear material stiffness is used for this purpose. When a static load is applied followed by an impact excitation, if the amplitude of the impact is very small, the measured wave velocity using the cross‐correlation indicates the wave velocity calculated from the tangent modulus corresponding to the state of stress caused by the applied static load. The duration of the impact affects the magnitude of the displacement and the particle velocity but has very little effect on the estimation of the wave velocity for the magnitudes considered herein. When a harmonic excitation is applied, the cross‐correlation of the time histories at different depths estimates a wave velocity close to the one calculated from the secant modulus in the stress–strain loop under steady‐state condition. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Three‐dimensional steady‐state response of a railway system on layered half‐space soil medium subjected to a moving train
Authors: Sun Honglei , Cai Yuanqiang , Xu Changjie 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe paper presents a three‐dimensional study on the steady‐state response of a track system and layered half‐space soil medium subjected to the load induced by the passages of a moving train with the substructure method. Practically, due to the ground water table being several meters beneath the ground surface, the soil profile can be divided into two layers: the upper layer modeled by an elastic medium and the lower layer by a fully saturated poroelastic medium governed by Biot's theory. In the meanwhile, the rails are regarded as an infinitely long Euler beam, and the sleepers are represented by a continuous mass. The effect of the ballast is accounted for by introducing the Cosserat model for granular medium, and the train is described by a series of moving axle point loads, depending on the geometry of the train. The influences of the thickness, the mass and the rigidity of the elastic layer and the mass of the ballast on rail's displacement responses are carefully investigated. Numerical results show that the influences of these parameters are significant for high train velocity, while vanishes for low velocity. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Coupled HM analysis using zero‐thickness interface elements with double nodes. Part I: Theoretical model
Authors: Segura J. M. , Carol I. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractIn recent years, the authors have proposed a new double‐node zero‐thickness interface element for diffusion analysis via the finite element method (FEM) (Int. J. Numer. Anal. Meth. Geomech. 2004; 28(9): 947–962). In the present paper, that formulation is combined with an existing mechanical formulation in order to obtain a fully coupled hydro‐mechanical (or HM) model applicable to fractured/fracturing geomaterials. Each element (continuum or interface) is formulated in terms of the displacements (u) and the fluid pressure (p) at the nodes. After assembly, a particular expression of the traditional ‘u–p’ system of coupled equations is obtained, which is highly non‐linear due to the strong dependence between the permeability and the aperture of discontinuities. The formulation is valid for both pre‐existing and developing discontinuities by using the appropriate constitutive model that relates effective stresses to relative displacements in the interface. The system of coupled equations is solved following two different numerical approaches: staggered and fully coupled. In the latter, the Newton–Raphson method is used, and it is shown that the Jacobian matrix becomes non‐symmetric due to the dependence of the discontinuity permeability on the aperture. In the part II companion paper (Int. J. Numer. Anal. Meth. Geomech. 2008; DOI: 10.1002/nag.730), the formulation proposed is verified and illustrated with some application examples. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Response of saturated and nearly saturated porous media: Different formulations and their applicability
Authors: Ulker M. B. C. , Rahman M. S. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe response of saturated porous medium is of significant interest in many fields ranging from geomechanics to biomechanics. Biot was the first to formulate the basic equations governing the process of coupled flow and deformation in porous media. Depending on the nature of loading vis‐à‐vis the characteristics of the media, different formulations (fully dynamic, partly dynamic, quasi‐static) are possible. In this study, analytical solutions are developed for the response of saturated and nearly saturated porous media under plane strain condition. The solutions for different formulations are developed in terms of non‐dimensional parameters. The response is studied for various conditions and the regions of validity for various formulations are identified in a parametric space. An assessment of the needed formulation for few important problems is also presented. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Desmopressin, as a “designer‐drug,” in the treatment of overactive bladder syndrome
Authors: Hashim Hashim , Malmberg Lars , Graugaard‐Jensen Charlotte , Abrams Paul 
Published: August 2008

AbstractAimsThis study looked at whether oral desmopressin, by decreasing kidney urine production, would prolong bladder filling‐time thereby increasing the time to reach maximum capacity, thus reducing overactive bladder (OAB) symptoms, and providing an alternative method of treatment to OAB sufferers.MethodsAn investigator‐initiated, 2‐week, multi‐national, multi‐centre, “proof‐of‐concept,” phase IIb, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, prospective, randomized, cross‐over study was conducted using 0.2 mg of oral desmopressin in adults suffering with OAB. Patients were included in the trial period if they had ≥4 voids in the first 8‐hr of the day after rising, excluding the first morning void. The primary endpoint was evaluation of effectiveness of desmopressin in increasing the time to the first OAB symptom episodes during the first 8‐hr following treatment.ResultsTime to first void was 8‐min later on the drug than on placebo (P = 0.27). However, the drug led to one less void (3.2 vs. 4.2) in the same period (P < 0.001). There was an increase in the time to first urgency episode with a decrease in the number of urgency episodes in the drug days compared to placebo (P < 0.003). There was a subjective improvement in frequency and urgency and overall quality‐of‐life as measured by the ICIQ‐OAB. Twenty‐seven people reported adverse events which were all mild, headache being the commonest and no hyponatremia was recorded.ConclusionsAntidiuresis, using oral desmopressin tablets, is a novel, feasible and safe (short‐term basis) method of treatment for adults with OAB, and could be considered in the armamentarium of drugs available for the treatment of OAB. Neurourol. Urodynam. 28:40–46, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Numerical methods for palindromic eigenvalue problems: Computing the anti‐triangular Schur form
Authors: Mackey D. Steven , Mackey Niloufer , Mehl Christian , Mehrmann Volker 
Published: August 2008

AbstractWe present structure‐preserving numerical methods for the eigenvalue problem of complex palindromic pencils. Such problems arise in control theory, as well as from palindromic linearizations of higher degree palindromic matrix polynomials. A key ingredient of these methods is the development of an appropriate condensed form—the anti‐triangular Schur form. Ill‐conditioned problems with eigenvalues near the unit circle, in particular near ±1, are discussed. We show how a combination of unstructured methods followed by a structured refinement can be used to solve such problems accurately. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Life course theory as a framework to examine becoming a mother of a medically fragile preterm infant
Authors: Black Beth Perry , Holditch‐Davis Diane , Miles Margaret S. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractLife course theory, a sociological framework, was used to analyze the phenomenon of becoming a mother, with longitudinal narrative data from 34 women who gave birth prematurely after a high‐risk pregnancy, and whose infant became medically fragile. Women faced challenges of mistimed birth and mothering a technologically dependent infant. Before social ties were established, legal and biological ties required mothers to make critical decisions about their infants. Liminality characterized mothers' early involvement with their infants. The mothers worked to know, love, and establish deeper attachments to this baby. The infant's homecoming was a key turning point; it decreased liminality of early mothering, increased mothers' control of infants' care, and gave them time and place to know their infants more intimately. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 32:38–49, 2009
Examining criteria for identifying and differentiating fossil faunal assemblages accumulated by hyenas and hominins using extant hyenid accumulations
Authors: Kuhn B. F. , Berger L. R. , Skinner J. D. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractNumerous authors have put forth criteria for distinguishing between assemblages collected by hyenas and hominins. Of the seven most recognised criteria used to distinguish hyenid from hominin assemblages, it has recently been suggested that four be rejected and three retained. The four rejected criteria are: an excessive proportion of horns and horn cores in hyena accumulated assemblages; the absence of small, hard, compact bones; mortality profiles; and the ratio of cranial bones to postcranial bones. The three criteria previous researchers suggested be retained are: a carnivore MNI ratio of ≥20%; an abundance of cylinder fragments; and hyena‐inflicted damage upon the bones. In this examination of over 27,000 faunal remains associated with all three species of extant bone‐collecting hyenids from four countries and two continents, six of the seven previously established criteria and reconsiderations of criteria have been evaluated. The results of the present study indicate that of the six criteria examined, none, as written, are indicative of hyenid activity on bone assemblages of unknown origin. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optimal multi‐interval control of a cantilever beam by a recursive control algorithm
Authors: Lin Chun‐Hung , Bruch John C. , Sloss James M. , Adali Sarp , Sadek Ibrahim S. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe optimal‐distributed control of a transversely vibrating cantilever beam is studied with the objective of minimizing the deflection and velocity in a given period of time with the minimum possible expenditure of force. The beam undergoes transient vibrations and is subject to given displacement and velocity initial conditions. The control is exercised by means of a transversely distributed force referred to as the control force. In the present study, a multi‐interval optimal control method is developed with the application of a maximum principle. The method consists of dividing the control duration into several intervals and using the maximum principle to obtain the optimality conditions at each interval. The explicit solutions for a cantilever beam are obtained by a recursive algorithm that takes the final conditions of the last interval as the initial conditions of the next interval. The formulation and the method of solution are suitable and convenient for digital computation. Numerical results are given, which compare the deflections, velocities and the control force under the optimal multi‐interval control with those under the optimal single‐interval control. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Recurrence of Ewing sarcomas of the chest wall
Authors: Meys Karlijn M.E. , Heinen Richard C. , van den Berg Henk , Aronson Daniel C. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractBackgroundEwing sarcomas (ES) of the chest wall are rare. Local recurrences occur in approximately 20% of these patients; however literature on this topic is scarce. Our aim was to analyze the influence of the extent of surgical resection on outcome, and to find positive prognostic factors for survival.ProcedureA retrospective analysis of all patients who were under 18 and treated between 1977 and 2006 for Ewing sarcoma of the chest wall was performed.ResultsTwenty‐seven patients with ES were diagnosed at our institution; 14 males and 13 females. Twenty‐three patients underwent local resection, which was complete in 13. Nine patients had a wide resection, including more ribs than just the affected one. Complete remission (CR) was achieved in 14/27 patients. Recurrence was observed in 13 patients: local recurrence (LR) and distant metastasis (DM) both in 7. One of the patients had both LR and DM. All patients with LR and two patients with DM only died of disease. Overall survival after 10 and 20 years was 73% and 47%, respectively. Complete resection, wide resection, gender, or age were no significant factors affecting outcome.ConclusionsRelapse carries a high mortality risk and none of the patients with LR eventually survived. Wide resection of at least a complete normal adjacent rib above and below the thoracic wall tumor as a fixed rule seems unnecessary. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008;51:765–767. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Transient myelodysplastic syndrome in X‐linked agammaglobulinemia with a novel Btk mutation
Authors: Narula Gaurav , Currimbhoy Zinet 
Published: August 2008

AbstractX‐linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA) is a rare disorder in which recurrent infections occur due to low serum globulins and circulating B lymphocytes caused by a mutation in the Bruton tyrosine kinase (Btk) gene. While myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) associated with low B lymphocyte counts has been described, clonal cytogenetic abnormalities in confirmed cases of XLA have never been reported. We describe a case of XLA with a novel Btk mutation who also had a persistent clonal population in the bone marrow with abnormal cytogenetics in multiple chromosomes that resolved 1½ years after treatment with IVIG, mimicking a picture of transient MDS. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008;51:826–828. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Relative red blood cell enzyme levels as a clue to the diagnosis of pyruvate kinase deficiency
Authors: Titapiwatanakun Ruetima , Hoyer James D. , Crain Karen , Arndt Carola A.S. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractEvaluation of two patients with transfusion dependent anemia revealed RBC pyruvate kinase to be 33% and 41% of the mean normal value, with normal or high values of other RBC enzymes. Parental PK activities were just below normal in three of four of the parents. Subsequent DNA analysis revealed both patients to be compound heterozygotes for PKLR gene mutations, two of which are previously undescribed. Borderline low pyruvate kinase activities with increased in other RBC enzyme activities should prompt consideration of measurement of parental enzyme activities, and confirmation by DNA analysis if available. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008;51:819–821. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Risk prediction of fever in neutropenia in children with cancer: A step towards individually tailored supportive therapy?
Authors: Wicki Silvia , Keisker André , Aebi Christoph , Leibundgut Kurt , Hirt Andreas , Ammann Roland A. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractBackgroundFever in severe chemotherapy‐induced neutropenia (FN) is the most frequent manifestation of a potentially lethal complication of current intensive chemotherapy regimens. This study aimed at establishing models predicting the risk of FN, and of FN with bacteremia, in pediatric cancer patients.MethodsIn a single‐centre cohort study, characteristics potentially associated with FN and episodes of FN were retrospectively extracted from charts. Poisson regression accounting for chemotherapy exposure time was used for analysis. Prediction models were constructed based on a derivation set of two thirds of observations, and validated based on the remaining third of observations.ResultsIn 360 pediatric cancer patients diagnosed and treated for a cumulative chemotherapy exposure time of 424 years, 629 FN were recorded (1.48 FN per patient per year, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.37–1.61), 145 of them with bacteremia (23% of FN; 0.34; 0.29–0.40). More intensive chemotherapy, shorter time since diagnosis, bone marrow involvement, central venous access device (CVAD), and prior FN were significantly and independently associated with a higher risk to develop both FN and FN with bacteremia. The prediction models explained more than 30% of the respective risks.ConclusionsThe two models predicting FN and FN with bacteremia were based on five easily accessible clinical variables. Before clinical application, they need to be validated by prospective studies. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008;51:778–783. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Response to mercaptopurine for refractory autoimmune cytopenias in children
Authors: Sobota Amy , Neufeld Ellis J. , Lapsia Sameer , Bennett Carolyn M. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractBackgroundSeveral treatment strategies are available for children with severe immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) and other immune cytopenias refractory to initial therapies. 6‐Mercaptopurine (6MP) is one option, however it has not been well studied in children, especially as a single agent, and no pediatric case series have been reported since 1970.Patients and MethodsWe reviewed the experience at our institution over 8 years, using 6MP as a steroid sparing treatment for children with ITP, auto‐immune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) or Evans syndrome. A total of 29 pediatric patients were treated with 6MP from 2000 to 2007.ResultsResponse was defined as a rise in hemoglobin by at least 1.5 g/dl and to a level of 10 g/dl or greater in patients treated for anemia, or a platelet count ≥50 × 109/L in patients treated for thrombocytopenia. We found an overall response rate of 83% among all patients. Fourteen percent of patients stopped drug because of side effects.ConclusionsThese results suggest that 6MP can be an effective single‐agent treatment for refractory immune cytopenias in children. Prospective studies are warranted to determine long‐term efficacy and toxicity and to more clearly define patient populations most likely to respond. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2009;52:80–84. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Grazax: sublingual immunotherapy for grass pollen allergy
Authors: Chaplin Steve , Durham Stephen 
Published: August 2008

AbstractGrazax is a novel sublingual formulation of grass pollen allergen for the treatment of hay fever in adults. In our Drugs in focus review Steve Chaplin presents the clinical data relating to its efficacy and adverse effects, and Professor Stephen Durham comments on its place in therapy. Copyright © 2008 Wiley Interface Ltd
Oral contraception: types, suitability and considerations
Authors: MacGregor Anne 
Published: August 2008

AbstractOral contraceptives offer women a safe, reliable and intercourse‐independent form of contraception, often with associated health benefits. Our Drug review considers both combined and progestogen‐only pills, their efficacy and associated benefits and risks, followed by a review of prescription data and resources. Copyright © 2008 Wiley Interface Ltd
Fabrication and electrical and photosensitive properties of silicon nanowire p–n homojunctions
Authors: Fang Guojia , Cheng Yanzhao , Ai Lei , Li Chun , He Jun , Wang Chong , Huang Huihui , Yuan Longyan , Zhao Xingzhong 
Published: August 2008

AbstractGraded silicon nanowire (SiNW) p–n homojunctions were prepared by an electroless metal deposition method on as‐prepared planar Si p–n junctions made by the B+ diffusion method. The nanowire p–n junctions show good rectifying behavior and their turn‐on voltages (0.78 V at room temperature) are found to be independent of the nanowire length. Temperature‐dependent current–voltage properties in the range of 223–363 K were investigated and we demonstrated that the turn‐on voltage decreases from 0.87 V to 0.60 V and the ideality factor n reduces from 8.5 to 3.5 with increasing operating temperature. The results comply very well with the existing p–n junction electron transport mechanism. The potential barrier of a typical SiNW p–n junction obtained through capacitance–voltage measurement accords with its turn‐on voltage. Through I –V and C –V measurements, the nanowire homojunction shows good sensitivity toward visible light and a responsivity of 1.39 A/W under a 5 V reverse bias was obtained. These results present potential applications in future nano‐electronic and photonic devices based on SiNW p–n homojunction arrays. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Chemical bath deposition of CdSe and CdS nanocrystalline films: tailoring of morphology, optical properties and carrier dynamics
Authors: Němec P. , Šimurda M. , Němec I. , Formánek P. , Němcová Y. , Sprinzl D. , Trojánek F. , Malý P. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractWe review the results of our research towards tailoring morphology and optical properties of films consisting of closely‐spaced nanocrystals of CdSe and CdS whose optical band‐gap can be tuned to cover the whole visible spectral range. On basis of the obtained results, in particular of photoexcited carrier dynamics, we have proposed a microscopic model that describes well the optical properties of the films. We have also showed that the spin relaxation of electrons in these nanocrystalline films is different than that in mutually isolated nanocrystals of the same size. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Study of the electrical properties of calcium‐substituted Li–Zn ferrite
Authors: Sattar A. A. , El‐Sayed H. M. , Agami W. R. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractTemperature and composition dependence of the dc resistivity (ρdc) and thermoelectric power (α) of Li0.3–0.5x Zn0.4Cax Fe2.3–0.5x O4 ferrites (x = 0.0, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03 and 0.05), prepared by the standard ceramic method, have been studied. The behavior of both ρdc and α with temperature support the electron hopping conduction mechanism in the ferrimagnetic phase while the band mechanism dominates in the paramagnetic phase. Moreover, it was found that both ρdc and α decrease with increasing x up to x = 0.02 and then increase. The frequency and composition dependence of ε ′, ε ″ and ρac are found to support Koops's model. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Thermal and nonthermal factors affecting the quantum efficiency of deep‐ultraviolet light‐emitting diodes
Authors: Guo H. , Yang Y. , Cao X. A. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe optical characteristics of AlGaN‐based multiple‐quantum‐well (MQW) light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) with peak wavelengths ranging from 265–340 nm were characterized over a wide current range. It was found that thermal effects due to self‐heating can be largely eliminated by pulsing the LEDs with a duty cycle below 0.2%. The current‐induced energy shift up to 850 A/cm2 was negligible in the deep‐UV LEDs, indicating the lack of localization effects. The quantum efficiency of the LEDs increased monotonically at low currents and attained a low saturated value at high currents. This is in contrast to the efficiency rolloff behavior of typical InGaN‐based LEDs resulting from carrier delocalization at high injection levels. The efficiency saturation of the deep‐UV LEDs suggests that defects play an important role in both carrier injection and recombination processes. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)