bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pleomorphic carcinoma of the pancreas with osteoclast‐like giant cells expressing an epithelial‐associated antigen detected by monoclonal antibody 44‐3A6
Authors: Combs S. G. , Hidvegi D. F. , Ma Y. , Rosen S. T. , Radosevich J. A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis article describes a case of pleomorphic adenocarcinoma of the pancreas, metastatic to the adrenal glands and liver, that has unique cytological and histological features. Cytology demonstrated numerous mononuclear and multinucleated tumor giant cells as well as numerous osteoclast‐like giant cells. These features were also seen in the histological sections, as were numerous clear cells. Electron microscopy demonstrated features suggesting an epithelial origin of the epulis cells. Prominent immunoreactivity with the monoclonal antibody (MCA) 44‐3A6 of these cellular constituents was seen in the aspirate and in the tissue sections. These data provide further evidence to support the epithelial origin of these cellular components.
Aspiration cytology of neuroblastoma: Light microscopy with transmission and scanning electron microscopic correlations
Authors: Akhtar Mohammed , Ali Muhammad Ashraf , Sackey Kwesi , Sabbah Rajeh , Bakry Mohammed 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFine‐needle aspiration biopsies from three patients with neuroblastoma were studied by light microscopy, and the morphologic findings were correlated with those from transmission and scanning electron microscopy. Light microscopic examination of the aspiration smears from all three cases revealed small and large round cells with variable numbers of intertwining cytoplasmic processes. Transmission electron microscopy confirmed the light microscopic finding of cytoplasmic processes; in addition, it revealed the presence of other diagnostic morphologic features, including neurosecretory granules, microtubules, and synaptic cell junctions. Scanning electron microscopy demonstrated that the tumors were composed of a mixture of undifferentiated round cells and more differentiated cells with long cytoplasmic processes. The morphologic spectrum of these processes and their interrelationships with one another and with other cells could be studied in detail. These findings indicate that scanning electron microscopy may be used effectively in the morphologic evaluation and pathologic diagnosis of neuroblastoma.
Cytodiagnosis of extrahepatic biliary duct tumors from specimens obtained during cholangiography
Authors: Howell Lydia Pleotis , Chow Hsi‐Chao , Russell Liisa A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTwo cases of cholangiocarcinoma of the extrahepatic biliary ducts, one case of bile duct adenoma, and one case of pancreatic carcinoma involving the common bile duct are presented to illustrate cytologic diagnoses from specimens obtained during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography and percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography. Obtaining specimens during these procedures can be advantageous because the cells retrieved are well‐preserved, surgery is not required, and patients with advanced disease can be managed conservatively once a diagnosis is rendered. Cytologic diagnosis can be difficult, since malignancies of the extrahepatic bile ducts are often well‐differentiated. Cytologic findings with histologic correlation are presented to emphasize the subtle cellular features of these uncommon lesions.
Cervical schwannoma with intranuclear vacuoles by fine‐needle sampling without aspiration
Authors: Vendraminelli R. , Fiorentino R. , Collazzo R. , Di Filippo L. , Delendi N. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn a 49‐yr‐old woman who presented with a cervical mass, a fine‐needle specimen without aspiration was suggestive of paraganglioma; there were spindle‐shaped cells with pseudoacinar structures and prominent intranuclear vacuoles. Subsequent examination of a mass removed from the vagus nerve clearly identified a schwannoma. The differential diagnosis is discussed, particularly in relation to the presence of intranuclear vacuoles, and it is concluded that this cytological characteristic should not in itself define the diagnosis.
Special stains in cytology: A technique using one half of a previously stained slide
Authors: Dhurandhar Nina R. , Zorrilla Olivia 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe describe a technique for performing special stains on one half of a slide previously stained by the Papanicolaou or Diff‐Quick method. The technique varies depending on whether incubation is required during the staining procedure. For stains that do not require incubation, the portion of the slide to be preserved is covered with liquid paraffin. For stains that do require incubation, the area to be preserved is coverslipped with mounting medium and dried overnight prior to staining. The technique is easy, rapid, inexpensive, and enhances diagnostic accuracy.
Bronchoalveolar lavage in the diagnosis of lipoid pneumonia
Authors: Silverman Jan F. , Turner Robert C. , West R. Lee , Dillard Thomas A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractLipoidpneumonia (LP) is an uncommon entity with the characteristic radiographic features and histologic findings of alveoli filled with vacuolated, lipid‐laden histiocytes. We questioned whether bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) could be useful in the confirmation of LP. We examined lipid stains (oil‐red O) in BAL specimens from 18 cases, representing a variety of pulmonary disease states, and compared them with an index case of confirmed LP. The index case of LP had a history of chronic intranasal use of mentholated petrolatum with subsequent x‐ray findings of progressive air bronchograms. Positive histochemical confirmation (oil‐red O) performed on frozen sections of transbronchial lung biopsy was obtained. Eleven of the non‐LP cases had no intracellular staining of BAL macrophages with oil‐red O stain, whereas the index case of LP exhibited markedly positive intracytoplasmic staining of macrophages for lipid. The remaining seven cases showed minimal to mild lipid staining with only one other case having moderate staining. This study demonstrates that BAL macrophages from patients with a variety of pulmonary states and without suspected LP do not demonstrate significant staining for intracellular lipids, in contrast with the expected strong positivity of LP. Lipid staining of BAL specimens, although not entirely specific may be a preferred method for confirming the diagnosis of LP. thereby avoiding more invasive procedures.
Urine and semen cytomorphology in patients with testicular tumors
Authors: Rojewska Jadwiga , Pykafo Roman , Czaplicki Maciej 
Published: February 2007

AbstractOur original technique of preparing urinary and seminal sediment was modified in order to identify neoplastic cells in cases of testicular malignancies. In a series of 24 patients with testicular tumor‐like conditions, 18 tumors were diagnosed, 12 cytologically. In one case, the result of cytological examination was falsely positive since histopathology revealed necrosis of the testicle only. The morphology of neoplastic cells in the seminal sediment is demonstrated.
Cystosarcoma phyllodes of the breast: A cytologic and clinicopathologic study of 23 cases
Authors: Stanley Michael W. , Tani Edneia M. , Rutqvist Lars E. , Skoog Lambert 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTwenty‐three cases of cystosarcoma phyllodes of the breast were studied clinically and by fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) cytology as well as by tumor histology. The median patient age was 52 yr. The total actuarial survival at 5 yr was 90%, and the recurrence‐free survival was 70%. A combination of stromal elements (tissue fragments and/or single spindle cells) and epithelial tissue was required to make the diagnosis on smear material. In FNA smears, stromal elements were absent in two cases, and ductal elements were not seen in three. Thus, the dimorphic pattern essential to this diagnosis was not present in five (22%) cases. An evaluation of tumor factors reported to be of prognostic significance was performed on histologic sections of resected tumors. Comparison of these data with FNA results indicates that little prognostic information can be obtained from FNA alone in most cases.
Fine‐needle aspiration of the liver: Out of the ivory tower and into the community
Authors: Leiman Gladwyn , Leibowitz C. Bruce , Dunbar Fiona 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis study of 160 consecutive fine‐needle aspirates of localized hepatic masses analyzed the efficacy of the technique when extended into a multicenter setting. The aspirates were processed and interpreted by a single cytology service, but they were performed, under radiographic imaging, in eight different hospitals by at least 20 radiologists, few of whom had had the opportunity to acquire long‐term experience. of 108 malignancies, 101 were correctly sampled (sensitivity, 93.5%), including 30 primary hepatocellular carcinomas, 70 metastatic tumors, and I lymphoma. Specific benign pathologic lesions in 12 cases were amenable to cytodiagnosis. The problem of the remaining 47 samples, which contained exclusively blood, necrotic material, or normal and reactive hepatic constituents, was addressed at length. These were considered “nondiagnostic” samples in the context of aspirating focal masses. The majority had benign lesions on further study, but tumors were found in seven, all of which had been sampling errors, resulting in a negative predictive value of 82.5%. Fine‐needle sampling of localized lesions, particularly neoplasms, can thus perform well in transition from single‐center studies to more widespread usage in daily practice. Confident reliance on the procedure can be maintained if appropriate radiologic and cytologic facilities exist, provided that the limitations of nonneoplastic aspirates are fully understood.
A review of pulmonary cytopathology in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
Authors: Strigle Stephen M. , Gal Anthony A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractOver the past 6 yr, we have observed an increase in cytologic specimens from the respiratory tract in patients suspected or known to have AIDS, from 7 of 81,031 cases in 1982 to 1,231 of 55,333 in 1987. Based on our experience with 1,140 patients, this article reviews the technical and morphologic evaluation of pulmonary cytologic specimens from AIDS patients.
Fine‐needle aspiration cytology of pheochromocytoma‐ganglioneuroma of the organ of zuckerkandl
Authors: Tanaka Takuji , Yoshimi Naoki , Iwata Hitoshi , Sugie Shigeyuki , Kato Kazuo , Sakamoto Hirofumi , Mori Hideki 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFine‐needle aspiration (FNA) cytologic and immunocytochemical findings of a rare combined pheochromocytoma‐ganglio‐neuroma developing in a 48‐yr‐old Japanese man in the organ of Zuckandl are described. This is the first report of a combined pheochromocytoma‐ganglioneuroma of the organ of Zuckerkandl. FNA cytology showed typical cytologic findings of these two components similar to those described individually in fine‐needle aspirates of these neoplasms. The neoplastic cells showed positive reactions for vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, neuron‐specific enolase, and S‐100.
Mesenteric fibromatosis: Cytologic, histologic, and ultrastructural findings in a case
Authors: Lin B. P. C. , Scott G. S. , Loughman N. T. , Newland R. C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe cytologic findings in a case of mesenteric fibromatosis initially suggested the diagnosis of a benign spindle‐cell softtissue tumor. Subsequent histology and electron microscopy were performed on the resected mass, and the definitive diagnosis was established. The patient had a history of previous abdominal surgery, but no features of Gardner's syndrome. The dificulties associated with the diagnosis of mesenteric fibromatosis and the cytologic diagnosis of benign and spindlecell soft‐tissue tumors and low‐grade sarcomas in general are discussed.
Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma: Cytomorphology and histological features of a case
Authors: Nowels Kent W. , Burford‐Foggs Adrienne , Benson Al B. , Hidvegi Denise F. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA case of epithelioid hemangioendothelioma involving the left lung, the 10th thoracic vertebra, and paravertebral soft tissues is presented. Preoperative sputum cytology was thought to show adenocarcinoma. Histologic examination demonstrated an intravascular bronchioloalveolar tumor; immunohistochemical staining for factor VIII‐related antigen revealed strongly positive tumor cells. The cytomorphology of this rare neoplasm is discussed.
Fine‐needle aspiration cytology of angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia: A case report with electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry
Authors: Pettinato Guido , Insabato Luigi , De Chiara Annarosaria , Ruocco Vincenzo , Bucci Luigi 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAngiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia (ALHE) is an uncommon vascular inflammatory lesion usually involving the dermis or subcutaneous tissue of the head‐neck region of middle‐aged women. Histologically, this lesion shows a florid proliferation of vessels lined by particular endothelial cells and an inflammatory infiltrate composed of lymphocytes and eosinophils. The fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) cytology of a nodular lesion in the retroauricolar region of a 18‐yr‐old woman showed spindle‐shaped and polygonal cells with vesicular nuclet and deeply eosinophilic cytoplasm containing welldefined vacuoles in a background of eosinophils and lymphocytes. These features were consistent with a proliferation of epithelioid endothelial cells, and a diagnosis of ALHE was suggested. The histology confirmed the preoperatory diagnosis, and ultrastructural and immunohistochemical studies further demonstrated the endothelial nature of epithelialappearing cells. Because the clinical appearance of the lesion may mimic a large number of benign and malignant diseases, a preoperatory diagnosis of ALHE is rarely made. The FNA cytology may represent a simple and reliable method with which to study and diagnose proliferations of epithelioid endothelial cells.
Difficulties in evaluating urinary specimens after local mitomycin therapy of bladder cancer
Authors: Koshikawa T. , Leyh H. , Schenck U. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn order to describe the cytological changes induced by mitomycin in urinary specimens, we re‐examined cytological specimens from patients with recurring bladder cancer treated by long‐term intravesical mitomycin therapy after transurethral resection. Local mitomycin therapy causes an increase of leukocytes and urothelial cells, especially of the umbrella‐cell type, in urinary specimens. During and after the application of mitomycin, the nucleus and the cytoplasm of urothelial cells are enlarged, usually proportionally. Urothelial cells frequently show a giant nucleus, multiple prominent nucleoli, and an enlarged foamy cytoplasm of the umbrella‐cell type. Anisokaryosis is also seen. Such cytological changes are more remarkable later in the course of therapy and after the end of therapy, and they often confuse cytological interpretation. However, the nuclei of urothelial cells are usually translucent and not hyperchromatic, and there is rarely a coarse chromatin pattern. On the other hand, in positive specimens during or after local mitomycin therapy, usually a number of tumor cells showing nuclear enlargement, hyperchromatic nuclei, coarse chromatin pattern, and/or increased nuclear‐cytoplasmic ratio are found beside the atypical cells changed by mitomycin.
Tuberculous pleural effusions: Lymphocyte phenotypes in comparison with other lymphocyte‐rich effusions
Authors: Guzman Josune , Bross Klaus J. , Würtemberger Gebhard , Freudenberg Nikolaus , Costabel Ulrich 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis study investigated whether the analysis of T cell subsets and of activation markers on T cells in pleural fluids can be helpful for diagnostic purposes in tuberculous pleurisy and other lymphocyte‐rich pleural effusions. Pleural effusion fluids were obtained from 18 patients with tuberculous pleurisy (TB), 21 with effusions following radiotherapy (RT) for a malignant disease, and 11 with congestive heart failure (CHF). Lymphocyte subsets were analyzed by a battery of monoclonal antibodies using an immunoperoxidase method. The majority of the lymphocytes were CD3‐positive T cells (TB, 86 ± 7% of lymphocytes; RT, 81 ± 8%; CHF, 84 ± 12%). The ratios of CD4‐positive helper‐inducer to CD8‐positive suppressor‐cytotoxic T cells were higher than those reported for the peripheral blood but not significantly different between the study groups (TB, 3.3 ± 1.9; RT, 2.8 ± 1.1). The activation marker studies revealed that only a few pleural T cells were positive for CD38, CD25 (interleukin‐2 receptor), HLA‐DR antigen, and OKT9 (transferrin receptor), the proportion of CD25‐positive T cells being higher in TB and in RT than in CHF and the proportion of HLA‐DR‐positive T cells being higher in TB than in CHF (P < 0.05). Significant differences were not observed relative to the natural killer‐cytotoxic phenotypes staining positive for Leu‐7 or for CD16. Thus, we concluded that phenotypic analysis of lymphocytes is of limited diagnostic usefulness to differentiate tuberculous from other nonmalignant effusions.
Mucinous metaplasia to neoplastic lesions in endometrial samples with cytohistologic correlation
Authors: Galera‐Davidson H. , Fernandez A. , Navarro J. , Parrilla A. , Salguero M. , Rivera F. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSeven cases of endometrial mucinous metaplasia and five of well‐differentiated mucinous adenocarcinoma of the endometrium were studied. Cytologic specimens were obtained by Isaacs endometrial sampler, avoiding endocervical contamination. The histologic diagnosis between the intermediate type of mucinous metaplasia and the well‐differentiated mucinous adenocarcinoma posed no problems. DNA analyses of the histologic samples showed a euploid pattern in benign and intermediate types of metaplasia, while well‐differentiated mucinous adenocarcinoma showed a hyperdiploid pattern. The cytologic diagnosis of benign mucinous metaplasia should be suggested in the presence of abundant mucinous cells in endometrial samples in the absence of nuclear abnormalities.
Ultrastructural histochemistry of mesotheliomas and adenocarcinomas in malignant effusions
Authors: Barsotti Paola , Muda Andrea Onetti , Ascoli Valeria , Casareale Paola , Nardi Francesco 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe results of electron microscopic examination of cytologic specimens from six cases of mesothelioma and 10 cases of metastatic carcinoma of different origins are presented. The formation of cell clusters in malignant effusions from the two neoplasms has been thoroughly investigated: in mesotheliomas, ctdls had longer, more slender microvilli than in carcinomas and more abundant bundles of intermediate filaments; the central cavity often seen in the clusters frequently contained collagen and showed basement membrane production. The application of periodic acid‐silver methenamine (PASM) and phosphotungstic acid (PTA) demonstrated a peculiar ultrastructural difference in cell coat staining in the two tumor types: in mesotheliomas, PTA and PASM were consistently negative along the outer surface of the cell aggregates, while carcinomas displayed a positive reaction either on the outer surface or on both inner and outer surfaces of the clusters. The diagnostic significance of the above‐mentioned difference between the two neoplasms will require further investigation in a larger number of cases.
The aspiration cytology of pulmonary hamartomas
Authors: Dunbar Fiona , Leiman Gladwyn 
Published: February 2007

AbstractCytodiagnosis of pulmonary hamartomas (PHs) by transthoracic fine‐needle aspiration (FNA), successful in II of a series of 14 cases, has been found to rely less on the presence of mature cartilage than on the recognition of fibromyxoid fragments. These fragments, wispy yet discrete, consisting of variable numbers of fibroblasts embedded in fibrillary ground substance, can be distinguished from fibrous tissue and mucus, both of which they may resemble. Mature cartilage is distinctive when present, but it is seen in a minority of cases. Bronchial rrlls and adipocytes, integral components of PHs, are of no diagnostic value unless associated with fibromyxomatous tissue or cartilage. Chest wall “contaminants” that may cause pitfalls in diagnosis, such as bone, skeletal muscle, and fibrous tissue, are described and illustrated. The differential diagnosis of biphasic lesions containing epithelial cells and mesenchyme, including dermoids and blastomas, is discussed. With knowledge of the radiologic appearance of target lesions, confident cytodiagnosis of PHs is possible if attention is paid to subtle, yet specific. background features in aspirated material.
A simple method for estrogen receptor antigen preservation in cytologic specimens containing breast carcinoma cells
Authors: Redard Mireille , Vassilakos Pierre , Weintraub Jonathan 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe report a modified method to prepare cytologic specimens for the evaluation of estrogen receptors by immunocytochemistry. Cytologic samples were obtained by needle aspiration of tumor masses (nine patients) and body cavity fluids (nine patients). The cytologic material was divided, and slides for immunostaining were prepared according to two different techniques: (1) fixation of cells in suspension (modified method); and (2) fixation of cells adherent to slides (standard method). The results after immunostaining demonstrated that the number of cells adhering to slides prepared according to the modified method was greatly increased as compared with the number of cells remaining attached to slides prepared according to the standard method. There was no loss of cell groups or aggregates using the modified method. The antigenicity of estrophilin and the cell morphology were well‐preserved for up to 30 days. With this modified method, cytologic samples may be stored and conveniently processed in batches, thereby improving the utilization of laboratory resources.
Undifferentiated small round‐cell tumors of childhood: The immunocytochemical demonstration of myogenic differentiation in fine‐needle aspirates
Authors: Pettinato Guido , Swanson Paul E. , Insabato Luigi , De Chiara Annarosaria , Wick Mark R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe recognition of myogenic differentiation is not always possible using routine light or electron microscopic techniques. In this article, we describe our experience with two small round‐cell neoplasms occurring in young children, each of which exhibited an undifferentiated light microscopic appearance. In both cases, myogenic features were revealed by immunocytochemical methods applied to fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) biopsies. Each was immunoreactive for desmin and vimentin and failed to react with antibodies to leukocytecommon antigen. Moreover, formalin‐fixed tissue sections of one case were negative for cytokeratin and epithelial membrane antigen. Sporadic reactivity for neuron‐specific enolase and Leu‐7 antigen was observed in occasional cells in FNA specimens, but synaptophysin was not identified. The rapidity of the method and the reliability of the immunocytochemical findings, when compared with routine cytologic evaluation, emphasize the diagnostic utility of immunocytochemical analysis when FNAs of pediatric soft‐tissue tumors are obtained.
Marginal vacuoles in metastatic thyroid carcinoma: A case report
Authors: Pitts William C. , Berry Gerald J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA case of metastatic follicular carcinoma to the iliac bone in a 78‐yr‐old woman is presented. Fine‐needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) smears showed numerous, cohesive tumor cell groups with moderately abundant cytoplasm and distinctive, peripherally situated pink‐staining vacuoles on May‐Grünwald‐Giemsa stain. The presence of marginal vacuoles strongly suggested the possibility of metastatic thyroid carcinoma. Immunohistochemical studies performed on a concomitant needle core biopsy showed immunoreactivity for thyroglobulin, supporting a thyroid derivation for this metastasis. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case in which marginal vacuoles (“flame cells”) have been identified in a malignant thyroid condition.