bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bio‐inspired acid‐sensitive polyurethane woven artificial muscle nanofibers with tunable mechanical properties via electrostatic spinning
Authors: He Xiangming , Duan Kaikai , Ling Ziao , Sun Minghui , Zhi Weiliang , Li Jinxing , Xu Jingli , Zhang Yifeng , Wang Hui , Li Jiusheng 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPolyurethane (PU) is a traditional chemical known for its chemical stability and mechanical performance. Inspired by the similarity between the formation and breakage of chemical coordination bonds and the energy storage and release of muscle fibers, muscle‐like electrostatically spun fibers with acid‐responsive energy storage and release were prepared by introducing bio‐inspired elastic energy storage groups and bio‐active degradation groups (PU‐BPY‐Fe) in the main chain of PU, taking advantage of the good mechanical properties of PU. The fabricated electrospinning film PU‐BPY‐Fe can respond to external stimulation, which generated high strain (32 MPa), stretch of 206%, outperforming the nanofiber membrane before stimulation, similar and even higher than the biological muscles. The variable mechanical properties and elastic energy storage capacity of PU‐BPY‐Fe were attributed to the reversible hydrogen bonding and the destabilization of metal coordination bonds (Fe3+ to Fe2+) within the material under acidic stimulation. Cytotoxicity testing of the synthesized fibers indicated a degree of biocompatibility, suggesting potential for in vivo applications. This method of storing and releasing elastic energy was demonstrated and has endowed the PU‐BPY‐Fe with stimuli‐responsibility and muscle‐like mechanical properties, which may inspire the design of soft muscles materials for robots and tissue engineering applications.
The impact of measurement technique and sampling on estimates of skeletal muscle fibre architecture
Authors: Taylor Andrea B. , Terhune Claire E. , Ross Callum F. , Vinyard Christopher J. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSkeletal muscle fibre architecture provides important insights into performance of vertebrate locomotor and feeding behaviours. Chemical digestion and in situ sectioning of muscle bellies along their lengths to expose fibres, fibre orientation and intramuscular tendon, are two classical methods for estimating architectural variables such as fibre length (Lf) and physiological cross‐sectional area (PCSA). It has recently been proposed that Lf estimates are systematically shorter and hence less accurate using in situ sectioning. Here we addressed this hypothesis by comparing Lf estimates between the two methods for the superficial masseter and temporalis muscles in a sample of strepsirrhine and platyrrhine primates. Means or single‐specimen Lf estimates using chemical digestion were greater in 17/32 comparisons (53.13%), indicating the probability of achieving longer fibres using chemical digestion is no greater than chance in these taxonomic samples. We further explored the impact of sampling on scaling of Lf and PCSA in platyrrhines applying a bootstrapping approach. We found that sampling—both numbers of individuals within species and representation of species across the clade significantly influence scaling results of Lf and PCSA in platyrrhines. We show that intraspecific and clade sampling strategies can account for differences between previously published platyrrhine scaling studies. We suggest that differences in these two methodological approaches to assessing muscle architecture are relatively less consequential when estimating Lf and PCSA for comparative studies, whereas achieving more reliable estimates within species through larger samples and representation of the full clade space are important considerations in comparative studies of fibre architecture and scaling.
Activating the abscission checkpoint: Top2α senses chromatin bridges in cytokinesis
Authors: Petsalaki Eleni , Zachos George 
Published: February 2024

AbstractHow chromatin bridges are detected by the abscission checkpoint during mammalian cell division is unknown. Here, we discuss recent findings from our lab showing that the DNA topoisomerase IIα (Top2α) enzyme binds to catenated (“knotted”) DNA next to the midbody and forms abortive Top2‐DNA cleavage complexes (Top2ccs) on chromatin bridges. Top2ccs are then processed by the proteasome to promote localization of the DNA damage sensor protein Rad17 to Top2‐generated double‐strand DNA ends on DNA knots. In turn, Rad17 promotes local recruitment of the MRN protein complex and downstream ATM‐Chk2‐INCENP signaling to delay abscission and prevent chromatin bridge breakage in cytokinesis.
3D‐QSAR pharmacophore modeling, virtual screening, molecular docking, MD simulations, in vitro and in vivo studies to identify potential anti‐hyperplasia drugs
Authors: Khan Muhammad Zafar Irshad , Khan Dildar , Akbar Muhammad Yasir , Wang Hao , Haq Ihsan‐ul , Chen Jian‐Zhong 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPsoriasis is a common immune‐mediated skin condition characterized by aberrant keratinocytes and cell proliferation. The purpose of this study was to explore the FDA‐approved drugs by 3D‐QSAR pharmacophore model and evaluate their efficiency by in‐silico, in vitro, and in vivo psoriasis animal model. A 3D‐QSAR pharmacophore model was developed by utilizing HypoGen algorithm using the structural features of 48 diaryl derivatives with diverse molecular patterns. The model was validated by a test set of 27 compounds, by cost analysis method, and Fischer's randomization test. The correlation coefficient of the best model (Hypo2) was 0.9601 for the training set while it was 0.805 for the test set. The selected model was taken as a 3D query for the virtual screening of over 3000 FDA‐approved drugs. Compounds mapped with the pharmacophore model were further screened through molecular docking. The hits that showed the best docking results were screened through in silico skin toxicity approach. Top five hits were selected for the MD simulation studies. Based on MD simulations results, the best two hit molecules, that is, ebastine (Ebs) and mebeverine (Mbv) were selected for in vitro and in vivo antioxidant studies performed in mice. TNF‐α and COX pro‐inflammatory mediators, biochemical assays, histopathological analyses, and immunohistochemistry observations confirmed the anti‐inflammatory response of the selected drugs. Based on these findings, it appeared that Ebs can effectively treat psoriasis‐like skin lesions and down‐regulate inflammatory responses which was consistent with docking predictions and could potentially be employed for further research on inflammation‐related skin illnesses such as psoriasis.
Cryopreservation of organoids: Strategies, innovation, and future prospects
Authors: Han Hengxin , Zhan Taijie , Guo Ning , Cui Mengdong , Xu Yi 
Published: February 2024

AbstractOrganoid technology has demonstrated unique advantages in multidisciplinary fields such as disease research, tumor drug sensitivity, clinical immunity, drug toxicology, and regenerative medicine. It will become the most promising research tool in translational research. However, the long preparation time of organoids and the lack of high‐quality cryopreservation methods limit the further application of organoids. Although the high‐quality cryopreservation of small‐volume biological samples such as cells and embryos has been successfully achieved, the existing cryopreservation methods for organoids still face many bottlenecks. In recent years, with the development of materials science, cryobiology, and interdisciplinary research, many new materials and methods have been applied to cryopreservation. Several new cryopreservation methods have emerged, such as cryoprotectants (CPAs) of natural origin, ice‐controlled biomaterials, and rapid rewarming methods. The introduction of these technologies has expanded the research scope of cryopreservation of organoids, provided new approaches and methods for cryopreservation of organoids, and is expected to break through the current technical bottleneck of cryopreservation of organoids. This paper reviews the progress of cryopreservation of organoids in recent years from three aspects: damage factors of cryopreservation of organoids, new protective agents and loading methods, and new technologies of cryopreservation and rewarming.
Dissection, media portrayals, and reaction: Black bodies and medical education in nineteenth‐century newspapers
Authors: Smith Laura Elizabeth 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThroughout the nineteenth century, medical schools in both the Northern and Southern regions of the United States required a regular supply of bodies for medical study and experimentation. Physicians and medical students targeted the bodies of African Americans, both freedmen and the enslaved, to meet this demand. Simultaneously, the nation's booming newspaper market became a stage on which debates about the cruelty of slavery and the social consequences of pursuing medical knowledge played out in articles about the dissection of Black bodies. Such stories increased fears about dissection and mistrust towards the medical profession among African American communities, which manifested in riots against physicians, vandalism against medical schools, and corrective responses from African American newspaper editors and journalists. Through an extensive examination of nineteenth‐century U.S. newspapers, this article identifies themes evident in the coverage of dissection during this period. Southern newspapers crafted stories of dissection that served the dual purpose of entertaining White readers and humiliating African Americans. This public humiliation fostered what became a popular genre of derogatory and vile humor that reinforced negative and inaccurate racialized stereotypes as well as racist science. Ultimately, such newspaper coverage provoked reactions within Black communities and among antislavery advocates that showcase how people often excluded from practicing medicine themselves viewed issues like medical education. Newspaper rhetoric around these themes amplified tensions between religious and scientific perspectives, reflected differences and similarities between the northern and southern areas of the United States, and fortified racist views in both cultural and scientific contexts.
Deciphering the Absolute Configuration of Murgantiol Isomers in the Pheromone Blend of the Rice Stink Bug, Mormidea v‐luteum (Hemiptera, Pentatomidae)
Authors: Souza João P. A. , Melo Douglas J. , Moliterno Antonioni A. C. , Figueiredo Leonardo , Zarbin Paulo H. G. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe males‐produced pheromone blend of the Mormidea v‐luteum (Hemiptera, Pentatomidae) consists in two isomers of zingiberenol (1) and three of murgantiol (2). While the absolute configuration of the zingiberenol isomers has been described, the configurations of the murgantiol isomers remained unexplored. So, our objective was to identify the absolute configuration of the murgantiol isomers (2 a–c) in the pheromone blend. To achieve this, we initially performed dehydration of the natural extract followed by enantiomeric resolution and, as a result, the three isomers was identified as (4R,1′S)‐murgantiol. By leveraging the fixed cis and trans relationships among all pheromone components, we established the configuration at C‐1 for isomers 2 a and 2 b is S, while that of 2 c is R. Finally, employing microchemical Sharples asymmetric dihydroxylation and epoxide ring closure, we determined the absolute configuration of the epoxide ring. Consequently, the natural isomers 2 a, 2 b, and 2 c were identified as (1S,4R,1′S,4′R)‐, (1S,4R,1′S,4′S)‐, and (1R,4R,1′S,4′S)‐murgantiol, respectively.
In2Q2: A New Entry of 16‐Membered Tetraazamacrocycle Concatenating Indole and Quinoline Units
Authors: Kihara Kazuki , Kobayashi Toi , Xu Wei , Kumagai Naoya 
Published: February 2024

AbstractA new family of 16‐membered macrocycles comprising two indole (In) and two quinoline (Q) units, coined In2Q2, was synthesized. Each unit is diagonally located and concatenated in a head‐to‐tail fashion, furnishing a non‐flat saddle‐shaped architecture with C2 symmetry. The synthetic protocol utilizing macrocyclic diamide as a pivotal precursor allowed us to access a series of In2Q2 derivatives bearing various substituents on the periphery. The In2Q2 derivatives and their Zn2+ complexes were emissive in both solution phase and solid state. While the entire architecture of In2Q2 is similar to that of quinoline tetramer TEtraQuinoline, a couple of contrasting physicochemical properties were revealed.
Nanoparticle‐Based Cryogels from Colloidal Aqueous Dispersion: Synthesis, Properties and Applications
Authors: Borg Hadir , Morales Irene , Dorfs Dirk , Bigall Nadja C. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCryogels have morphological features that make them interesting for several applications such as catalysis, sensing or tissue engineering. Their interconnected network and open porous structure, build up by primary particles (such as inorganic nanocrystals or polymers), provide these materials with unique physical properties and high specific surface areas. While the library of cryogels is endless, widely used in the polymer chemistry field, in this review we will summarize the structure and properties, applications and challenges of inorganic nanocrystal‐based cryogels obtained by freezing and freeze‐drying an aqueous nanoparticle colloid. This fast, easy and versatile gelation method will be outlined, along with the corresponding macro‐, micro‐ and nano‐structures and gel morphologies that can be obtained, for example, by changing the freezing temperature or by using one nanoparticle system or nanoparticle mixtures. Their applications towards electrocatalysis, photocatalysis and photoelectrochemical sensing will be highlighted, as well as the challenges and prospects of these materials.
Identifying Exchangeable Protons in a 1D NMR Spectrum by Spatially Selective Exchange‐Editing
Authors: Rotzinger Markus , Schuster Nathalie , Zangger Klaus 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSignals undergoing chemical or conformational exchange in one‐dimensional NMR spectra are often identified by deuterium exchange. In order to obtain quantitative information about the dynamic processes involved, one frequently used method is EXchange SpectroscopY (EXSY). To detect all exchange processes, the EXSY experiment requires the acquisition of time‐consuming two‐dimensional spectra. Here we report a faster alternative, an experiment which uses spatial encoding to extract similar information in a 1D exchange‐edited experiment. Thereby, all protons are observed at once, but in different slices of the detection volume. The experiment can be carried out in a single scan to identify exchanging sites in a 1D spectrum by changes in signal intensity indicating exchange processes. If the exchanging partner, for example water is in molar excess the exchange‐editing method easily identifies mobile protons by negative signals in the 1D 1H NMR spectrum.
Constructing the Polymer Molecules to Regulate the Electrode/Electrolyte Interface to Enhance Lithium‐Metal Battery Performance
Authors: Chen Hui , Xie Yu‐Xiang , Dong Long‐Ji , Peng Hao , Lin Meng‐Wei , Sun Miao‐Lan , Liu Shi‐Shi , Ma Jun‐Bo , Huang Ling , Sun Shi‐Gang 
Published: February 2024

AbstractLithium‐ion batteries, with high energy density and long cycle life, have become the battery of choice for most vehicles and portable electronic devices; however, energy density, safety and cycle life require further improvements. Single‐functional group electrolyte additives are very limited in practical applications, a ternary polymer bifunctional electrolyte additive copolymer (acrylonitrile‐butyl hexafluoro methacrylate‐ poly (ethylene glycol) methacrylate‐ methyl ether) (PMANHF) was synthesized by free radical polymerization of acrylonitrile, 2, 2, 3, 4, 4, 4‐hexafluorobutyl methacrylate and poly (ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate. A series of characterizations show that in Li metal anodes, the preferential reduction of PMANHF is conducive to the formation of a uniform and stable solid electrolyte interphase layer, and Li deposition is uniform and dense. At the NCM811 cathode, a film composed of LiF‐ and Li3N‐rich is formed at the cathode‐electrolyte interface, mitigating the side reaction at the interface. At 1.0 mA cm−2, the Li/Li cell can be stabilized for 1000 cycles. In addition, the Li/NCM811 cell can stabilize 200 cycles with a cathode capacity of 153.7 mAh g−1, with the capacity retention of 89.93 %, at a negative/positive capacity ratio of 2.5. This study brings to light essential ideas for the fabrication of additives for lithium‐metal batteries.
Numerical study on dust particle charging and dynamics in continuous and pulsed radio frequency argon discharges
Authors: Missaoui Abdelhak , El kaouini Morad , Chatei Hassan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCharging and dynamics of a spherical dust grain injected into a continuous and pulsed radio frequency (RF) discharge have been studied using a one‐dimensional fluid model. First, the plasma characteristics of the two types of discharges are computed and compared. In the pulsed discharge, it is found that the central electron density exhibits a periodic variation while the averaged electron density is lower compared to that in the continuous discharge due to the decrease in the total ionization rate. Further, the dust charge is computed using the plasma characteristics. It is found that the dust charge negatively increases as the duty cycle ratio increases. Also, the charge in the pulsed discharge is lower in comparison to the continuous discharge due to the shorter duration of the pulsed RF discharge limiting the amount of energy transferred to electrons. On the other hand, the dust particle remains in the powered sheath region exhibiting a damped oscillation in the two discharges with higher oscillation frequency in the continuous discharge.
OHRDBN: An optimized hybrid model of RBF and DBN for obstacle‐aware routing with optimal path selection in VANET sector
Authors: Dhanapal Sathish Kumar , Thenmozhi R. 
Published: February 2024

SummaryVehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) are increasingly essential for communication architecture utilized in daily human life. The presence of obstacles in the terrain area, as well as the vehicular nodes present in the network, is considered an essential constraint since it reduces the efficacy of the mobile ad hoc network (MANET). To attain the VANET requirements, a novel routing scheme is designed to identify the obstacle. The main aspect of the proposed work is to detect the obstacle and determine the path availability. Initially, the characteristics of vehicle nodes are gathered, which include the packet loss, received signal strength indicator (RSSI), connectivity, energy level, and so on. In the process of data transmission, the proposed model is intended to detect the obstacles and determine the available path by using an optimized hybrid model (OHL) combining radial basis function (RBF) and deep belief network (DBN). The parameter optimization in the hybrid classifier model is done with the help of the adaptive chimp optimization algorithm (ACOA). Once it checks the path availability, then the path optimization is accomplished by using the same ACOA. Finally, the objective function for the proposed work is constructed by considering various constraints like distance, energy, link availability, life span, link duration, and mobility. The performance of the implemented system is analyzed, and its results are validated through different measures. The outcome of the suggested model demonstrates that the implemented system tends to exploit effective routing with obstacle detection when compared to various other existing approaches.
Role of arrhythmic phenotype in prognostic stratification and management of dilated cardiomyopathy
Authors: Setti Martina , Merlo Marco , Gigli Marta , Munaretto Laura , Paldino Alessia , Stolfo Davide , Pio Loco Carola , Medo Kristen , Gregorio Caterina , De Luca Antonio , Graw Sharon , Castrichini Matteo , Cannatà Antonio , Ribichini Flavio Luciano , Dal Ferro Matteo , Taylor Matthew , Sinagra Gianfranco , Mestroni Luisa 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAimsDilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) with arrhythmic phenotype combines phenotypical aspects of DCM and predisposition to ventricular arrhythmias, typical of arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy. The definition of DCM with arrhythmic phenotype is not universally accepted, leading to uncertainty in the identification of high‐risk patients. This study aimed to assess the prognostic impact of arrhythmic phenotype in risk stratification and the correlation of arrhythmic markers with high‐risk arrhythmogenic gene variants in DCM patients.Methods and resultsIn this multicentre study, DCM patients with available genetic testing were analysed. The following arrhythmic markers, present at baseline or within 1 year of enrolment, were tested: unexplained syncope, rapid non‐sustained ventricular tachycardia (NSVT), ≥1000 premature ventricular contractions/24 h or ≥50 ventricular couplets/24 h. LMNA, FLNC, RBM20, and desmosomal pathogenic or likely pathogenic gene variants were considered high‐risk arrhythmogenic genes. The study endpoint was a composite of sudden cardiac death and major ventricular arrhythmias (SCD/MVA). We studied 742 DCM patients (45 ± 14 years, 34% female, 410 [55%] with left ventricular ejection fraction [LVEF] <35%). During a median follow‐up of 6 years (interquartile range 1.6–12.1), unexplained syncope and NSVT were the only arrhythmic markers associated with SCD/MVA, and the combination of the two markers carried a significant additive risk of SCD/MVA, incremental to LVEF and New York Heart Association class. The probability of identifying an arrhythmogenic genotype rose from 8% to 30% if both early syncope and NSVT were present.ConclusionIn DCM patients, the combination of early detected NSVT and unexplained syncope increases the risk of life‐threatening arrhythmic outcomes and can aid the identification of carriers of malignant arrhythmogenic genotypes.
Acid‐Free Intermolecular Hydroarylation of Acetylene Catalyzed by Dicationic Palladium(II) and Platinum(II) Ethylene Complexes
Authors: Garcia Billy , Manjahi Mostafa M. , Pinion Trent A. , Hahn Christine , Adams Christian , Medina Joseph , Garcia Leonel , Nguyen Ngoc T. B. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractFour dicationic palladium and platinum ethylene complexes of the type [M(PNP)(C2H4)]X2 (M=Pd, Pt; X=BF4, SbF6, PNP=2,6‐bis(diphenylphosphinomethyl)pyridine) were studied as pre‐catalysts for the intermolecular hydroarylation of acetylene under acid‐free conditions. The palladium complex [Pd(PNP)(C2H4)](SbF6)2 was found to be the most active catalyst for the addition of pentamethylbenzene to acetylene at room temperature. In a 31P NMR spectroscopic study the impact of the counter anion on the rate determining step was demonstrated. Various reaction parameters were screened to optimize the catalytic efficiency. The presence of small amounts of water were beneficial and increased the reaction rate. Water acts as co‐catalyst assisting in proton transfer during the catalytic reaction. After optimization of the reaction conditions, a benchmark for the palladium(II) catalyzed hydroarylation of acetylene was achieved with TON 200 at room temperature in 24 h under acid‐free conditions. However, this catalytic system has a very limited substrate scope.
NIS/TEMPO‐Promoted Oxidative Cyanation and Nitro‐Mannich Reaction of Tertiary Amines
Authors: Yusan Bulunuer , Amuti Adila , Xu Xiu Juan , Wusiman Abudureheman 
Published: February 2024

AbstractA metal‐free N‐iodosuccinimde (NIS)/2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidinyloxy (TEMPO)‐promoted protocol was developed for the oxidative cyanation and nitro‐Mannich reaction of tertiary amines via a cross‐dehydrogenative coupling reaction under mild conditions. Several control experiments were performed; the coupling reaction outcomes indicated that the C−N coupled intermediate (N‐Mannich base) formed from the tertiary amine and NIS had a stabilizing effect on the iminium cation.