bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicting user concerns about online privacy
Authors: Yao Mike Z. , Rice Ronald E. , Wallis Kier 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWith the rapid diffusion of the Internet, researchers, policy makers, and users have raised concerns about online privacy, although few studies have integrated aspects of usage with psychological and attitudinal aspects of privacy. This study develops a model involving gender, generalized self‐efficacy, psychological need for privacy, Internet use experience, Internet use fluency, and beliefs in privacy rights as potential influences on online privacy concerns. Survey responses from 413 college students were analyzed by bivariate correlations, hierarchical regression, and structural equation modeling. Regression results showed that beliefs in privacy rights and a psychological need for privacy were the main influences on online privacy concerns. The proposed structural model was not well supported by the data, but a revised model, linking self‐efficacy with psychological need for privacy and indicating indirect influences of Internet experience and fluency on online privacy concerns about privacy through beliefs in privacy rights, was supported by the data.
Prioritization strategies for video storyboard keyframes
Authors: Iyer Hemalata , Lewis Caitlain Devereaux 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis exploratory study investigates one type of video surrogate, storyboards, in terms of their ability to summarize and communicate the themes of arts‐related videos. An HTML interface containing the storyboards, videos, and instructions was developed and run in a standard browser. Three phases—consisting of storyboard evaluation, full‐length video evaluation, and their comparison—were completed by each user for three different videos. The data were analyzed for issues relating to keywords, summaries, and recognition of visual style for both the storyboards and the full‐length videos. The linear sequence and narrative structure of storyboards are questioned, and a three‐tiered model is proposed. The first layer consists of keyframes representing the “entity” and “action” of the video's central theme, the second layer consists of “entity” and “action” keyframes with regard to background or supporting information, and the third layer is composed of keyframes representing attributes, locations, and time periods. This structure facilitates the identification of appropriate keyframes for storyboards, eliminating redundant or peripheral images, and improves the storyboard's ability to communicate the essential message of videos. The tiered model is motivated and supported by the user study as well as current research on video surrogates and classical indexing theory.
Indecisiveness and response to risk in deciding when to decide
Authors: Patalano Andrea L. , Wengrovitz Steven M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWhen making decisions, people must determine not only what to choose but also when to choose. Do individuals modulate behavior in response to potential risks associated with delay in determining when to choose? The present work provides evidence that at least one group of people—indecisive individuals—do not. Two process‐tracing studies simulated a 5‐day college‐course selection period in which new course alternatives appeared on each day. In a risk‐free condition, no risks were associated with delay of decision making over the days. In a risk condition, each day of delay was associated with a risk of loss of existing course alternatives. Unlike decisive individuals, who modulated days of deliberation in response to presence versus absence of risk, indecisive individuals did not. The results illustrate not that indecisive individuals show uniformly increased delay relative to others, but rather that their delay behavior may be more striking in its unresponsiveness to risk. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
FDR Control by the BH Procedure for Two‐Sided Correlated Tests with Implications to Gene Expression Data Analysis
Authors: Reiner‐Benaim Anat 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe multiple testing problem attributed to gene expression analysis is challenging not only by its size, but also by possible dependence between the expression levels of different genes resulting from co‐regulations of the genes. Furthermore, the measurement errors of these expression levels may be dependent as well since they are subjected to several technical factors. Multiple testing of such data faces the challenge of correlated test statistics. In such a case, the control of the False Discovery Rate (FDR) is not straightforward, and thus demands new approaches and solutions that will address multiplicity while accounting for this dependency.This paper investigates the effects of dependency between bormal test statistics on FDR control in two‐sided testing, using the linear step‐up procedure (BH) of Benjamini and Hochberg (1995). The case of two multiple hypotheses is examined first. A simulation study offers primary insight into the behavior of the FDR subjected to different levels of correlation and distance between null and alternative means. A theoretical analysis follows in order to obtain explicit upper bounds to the FDR. These results are then extended to more than two multiple tests, thereby offering a better perspective on the effect of the proportion of false null hypotheses, as well as the structure of the test statistics correlation matrix. An example from gene expression data analysis is presented. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Development of Sequential Multiple Comparison Procedure for Dose Response Test
Authors: Nakamura Tomohiro , Douke Hideyuki 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe propose a multiple comparison procedure to identify the minimum effective dose level by sequentially comparing each dose level with the zero dose level in the dose finding test. If we can find the minimum effective dose level at an early stage in the sequential test, it is possible to terminate the procedure in the dose finding test after a few group observations up to the dose level. Thus, the procedure is viable from an economical point of view when high costs are involved in obtaining the observations. In the procedure, we present an integral formula to determine the critical values for satisfying a predefined type I familywise error rate. Furthermore, we show how to determine the required sample size in order to guarantee the power of the test in the procedure. In practice, we compare the power of the test and the required sample size for various configurations of the population means in simulation studies and adopt our sequential procedure to the dose response test in a case study. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Step‐up Related Simultaneous Confidence Intervals for MCC and MCB
Authors: Finner Helmut , Strassburger Klaus 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe derivation of compatible confidence bounds related to stepwise decision procedures is a serious issue. Especially the derivation of step‐up related bounds is rather complex. In this article we consider (one‐sided) multiple comparisons with a control (MCC) and multiple comparisons with the best (MCB) with the aim of establishing δ‐equivalence to the best and derive step‐up related confidence bounds by applying the projection method proposed in Finner and Strassburger (2006). Some examples illustrate the resulting procedures. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Operability Region Equivalence: Simultaneous Confidence Bands for the Equivalence of Two Regression Models over Restricted Regions
Authors: Liu Wei , Hayter Anthony J. , Wynn Henry P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn many scientific problems the purpose of comparing two linear regression models is to demonstrate that they have only negligible differences and so can be regarded as being practically equivalent. The frequently used statistical approach of testing the homogeneity null hypothesis of the two models by using a partialFtest is not appropriate for this purpose. In this paper, a simultaneous confidence band is proposed which provides an upper bound on the largest possible difference between the two models, in units of the standard error of the observations, over a given region of the covariates. This is demonstrated to be a more practical method for assessing the equivalence of the two regression models. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Fabrication of nanofibers with antimicrobial functionality used as filters: protection against bacterial contaminants
Authors: Lala Neeta L. , Ramaseshan Ramakrishnan , Bojun Li , Sundarrajan Subramanian , Barhate R.S. , Ying‐jun Liu , Ramakrishna Seeram 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA comparative study of antimicrobial activity is done using three different electrospun nanofibers namely—CA, PAN, and PVC used as control and with various amounts of AgNO3 being treated with UV‐irradiation leading to the enhancement of silver nanoparticles. DMF is used as the common solvent which helps to undergo spontaneous slow reduction at room temperature to form silver nanoparticles followed by UV‐irradiation using a 400 W source. The time required for the formation of silver nanoparticles is short and they are more or less well dispersed with few such aggregates. The presence of silver nanoparticles is confirmed using various characterization techniques. The antimicrobial activity is studied using nanofibers with fabricated functionality. Biotechnol. Bioneg. 2007;97: 1357–1365. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
An in situ probe for on‐line monitoring of cell density and viability on the basis of dark field microscopy in conjunction with image processing and supervised machine learning
Authors: Wei Ning , You Jia , Friehs Karl , Flaschel Erwin , Nattkemper Tim Wilhelm 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFermentation industries would benefit from on‐line monitoring of important parameters describing cell growth such as cell density and viability during fermentation processes. For this purpose, anin situprobe has been developed, which utilizes a dark field illumination unit to obtain high contrast images with an integrated CCD camera. To test the probe, brewer's yeastSaccharomyces cerevisiaeis chosen as the target microorganism. Images of the yeast cells in the bioreactors are captured, processed, and analyzed automatically by means of mechatronics, image processing, and machine learning. Two support vector machine based classifiers are used for separating cells from background, and for distinguishing live from dead cells afterwards. The evaluation of thein situexperiments showed strong correlation between results obtained by the probe and those by widely accepted standard methods. Thus, thein situprobe has been proved to be a feasible device for on‐line monitoring of both cell density and viability with high accuracy and stability. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2007;97:1489–1500. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Correlating single cell motility with population growth dynamics for flagellated bacteria
Authors: Arora Sucheta , Bhat Vidya , Mittal Aditya 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMany bacteria used for biotechnological applications are naturally motile. Their “bio‐nanopropeller” driven movement allows searching for better environments in a process called chemotaxis. Since bacteria are extremely small in size compared to the bulk fluid volumes in bioreactors, single cell motility is not considered to influence bioreactor operations. However, with increasing interest in localized fluid flow inside reactors, it is important to ask whether individual motility characteristics of bacteria are important in bioreactor operations. The first step in this direction is to try to correlate single cell measurements with population data of motile bacteria in a bioreactor. Thus, we observed the motility behavior of individual bacterial cells, using video microscopy with 33 ms time resolution, as a function of population growth dynamics of batch cultures in shake flasks. While observing the motility behavior of the most intensively studied bacteria,Escherichia coli, we find that overall bacterial motility decreases with progression of the growth curve. Remarkably, this is due to a decrease in a specific motility behavior called “running”. Our results not only have direct implications on biofilm formations, but also provide a new direction in bioprocess design research highlighting the role of individual bacterial cell motility as an important parameter. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2007; 97: 1644–1649. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Forward and Backward Pericyclic Photochemical Reactions Have Intermediates in Common, Yet Cyclobutenes Break the Rules
Authors: Fuß Werner , Schmid Wolfram E. , Trushin Sergei A. , Billone Paul S. , Leigh William J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPhotochemical pericyclic reactions are believed to proceed via a so‐called pericyclic minimum on the lowest excited potential surface (S1), which is common to both the forward and backward reactions. Such a common intermediate has never been directly detected. The photointerconversion of 1,3‐butadiene and cyclobutene is the prevailing prototype for such reactions, yet only diene ring closure proceeds with the stereospecificity that the Woodward–Hoffmann rules predict. This contrast seems to exclude a common intermediate. Using ultrafast spectroscopy, we show that the excited states of two cyclobutene/diene isomeric pairs are linked by not one, but by two common minima, p* and ct*. Starting from the diene side (cyclohepta‐1,3‐diene and cycloocta‐1,3‐diene), electrocyclic ring closure passes via the pericyclic minimum p*, whereas ct* is mainly responsible for cis–trans isomerization. Starting from the corresponding cyclobutenes (bicyclo[3.2.0]heptene‐6 and bicyclo[4.2.0]octene‐7), the forbidden isomer is formed from ct*. The path branches at the first (S2/S1) conical intersection towards p* and ct*. The fact that the energetically unfavorable ct* path can compete is ascribed to a dynamic effect: the momentum in CC twist direction, acquired—such as in other olefins—in the Franck–Condon region of the cyclobutenes.
Controlled synthesis of SrCrO4 crystals with different morphologies
Authors: Yang Xiao‐Hong , Wu Qing‐Sheng , Liu Jin‐Ku 
Published: February 2007

AbstractRod‐shape, branch‐shape, bouquet‐shape and claw‐shape SrCrO4 crystals were synthesized through biomembrane/organic‐addition supramolecular templates. The shapes are mainly changed with variance of the organic reagents and organic membranes. Most of the morphologies haven't been reported in the literature. This method may meet with the requirements to synthesize materials of various morphologies and size by using different supramolecular templates. This paper discusses how to control crystals' growth by supramolecular templates. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
DNA Encapsulation Inside Carbon Nanotubes Using Micro Electrolyte Plasmas
Authors: Kaneko T. , Okada T. , Hatakeyama R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractDNA encapsulated carbon nanotubes are formed using a plasma ion irradiation method in electrolyte solutions with DNA, which can be regarded as electrolyte plasmas from the view point that the electrolyte solutions consist of positive and negative ions, and neutral particles in the same way as gas phase plasmas. When both the direct current (DC) and radio frequency (RF) electric fields are applied to the DNA electrolyte plasmas through micro gap electrodes, DNA which is negatively charged in solutions tends to change its conformation from random‐coil to stretched‐form by the RF field and be irradiated to the carbon‐nanotube coated anodeelectrode by the DC field. Based on Raman spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy analyses, DNA is confirmed to be inserted into the carbon nanotubes. The creation of DNA encapsulated carbon nanotubes using the micro electrolyte plasmas supports the validity of the plasma concept extended from gas to liquid phase, which could pioneer novel applications in such nanoelectronics and biomedical fields. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Antimicrobial Treatment of Heat Sensitive Materials by Means of Atmospheric Pressure Rf‐Driven Plasma Jet
Authors: Brandenburg R. , Ehlbeck J. , Stieber M. , v. Woedtke T. , Zeymer J. , Schlüter O. , Weltmann K.‐D. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSince several years a number of activities on the field of antimicrobial treatment by using non‐thermal plasmas are known. But although there are quite a few plasma based processes commercially available, the complexity of interaction between plasma and micro organisms prevents the breakthrough of this technology up to now. Thus plasma generation and treatment method needs to be adapted for each individual application. The aim of this work is to demonstrate the industrial applicability of plasma technological processes for medical devices. Therefore a non‐thermal plasma jet operated in argon at atmospheric pressure and driven by radio frequency (27.12 MHz) is applied to antimicrobial treatment of samples made of heat sensitive materials, such as used in medical devices. Due to its compact design and low power consumption, typical 10 W to 60 W, it is predestined for modularisation. Therefore it can be adapted to nearly any geometry such as given by medical devices to be treated. The plasma is characterised by UV/VIS optical emission spectroscopy. In order to analyse the effect of the plasma on the micro organisms (Bacillus atrophaeus spores and Escherichia coli vegetative bacteria) microbiological tests are performed. First results on lethal effects of the plasma treamtent will be discussed. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Production of inflammatory cytokines by peripheral blood monocytes in chronic alcoholism: Relationship with ethanol intake and liver disease
Authors: Laso Francisco Javier , Vaquero José Miguel , Almeida Julia , Marcos Miguel , Orfao Alberto 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBackground:Controversial results have been reported about the effects of alcoholism on the functionality of monocytes. In the present study we analyze the effects of chronic alcoholism on the intracellular production of inflammatory cytokines by peripheral blood (PB) monocytes.Methods:Spontaneous and in vitro‐stimulated production of interleukin (IL) 1α (TNFα) by PB monocytes was analyzed at the single level by flow cytometry in chronic alcoholics without liver disease and active ethanol (EtOH) intake (AWLD group), as well as in patients with alcohol liver cirrhosis (ALC group), who were either actively drinking (ALCET group) or with alcohol withdrawal (ALCAW group).Results:A significantly increased spontaneous production of IL1β, IL6, IL12, and TNFα was observed on PB monocytes among AWLD individuals. Conversely, circulating monocytes form ALCET patients showed an abnormally low spontaneous and stimulated production of inflammatory cytokines. No significant changes were observed in ALCAW group as regards production of IL1β, IL6, IL12, and TNFα.Conclusion:Our results show an altered pattern of production of inflammatory cytokines in PB monocytes from chronic alcoholic patients, the exact abnormalities observed depending on both the status of EtOH intake and the existence of alcoholic liver disease. © 2007 Clinical Cytometry Society
Potential performance bottleneck in Linux TCP
Authors: Wu Wenji , Crawford Matt 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTransmission control protocol (TCP) is the most widely used transport protocol on the Internet today. Over the years, especially recently, due to requirements of high bandwidth transmission, various approaches have been proposed to improve TCP performance. The Linux 2.6 kernel is now preemptible. It can be interrupted mid‐task, making the system more responsive and interactive. However, we have noticed that Linux kernel preemption can interact badly with the performance of the networking subsystem. In this paper, we investigate the performance bottleneck in Linux TCP. We systematically describe the trip of a TCP packet from its ingress into a Linux network end system to its final delivery to the application; we study the performance bottleneck in Linux TCP through mathematical modelling and practical experiments; finally, we propose and test one possible solution to resolve this performance bottleneck in Linux TCP. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gateway performance for network‐controlled WLAN IP mobility
Authors: Rahman Moshiur , Harmantzis Fotios C. 
Published: February 2007

Abstract‘Always on’ broadband‐accessed network gateway (GW) control can facilitate inter‐WLAN IP mobility, with seamless connectivity. The GW server plays a critical role in the overall WLAN IP (WIP) mobility architecture (IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference,WCNC, Atlanta, GA, 21 March 2004;Int. J. Wireless Inf. Networks2006;13(3):173–192). This paper provides a comparison of WIP with cellular IP (CIP) and mobile IP (MIP), and identifies the main requirements for a broadband‐accessed network‐based GW that supports WIP mobility. The paper then evaluates GW‐contributed handoff message processing delay in the WIP architecture through an analytical system model and OPNET simulation model, and provides a comparison of the GW‐contributed handoff message processing delays for non‐preemptivevspreemptive queuing schemes. Both analytical and simulation results show that WIP handoff message processing delay at the GW has negligible impact on the overall system delay. Finally, this paper presents the simulation results of the fast routing table lookup and forwarding speed on the GW overall performance, which can assist service providers in the challenging implementation issues that they face. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Splice‐isoform specific immunolocalization of neuronal nitric oxide synthase in mouse and rat brain reveals that the PDZ‐complex‐building nNOSα β‐finger is largely exposed to antibodies
Authors: Langnaese Kristina , Richter Karin , Smalla Karl‐Heinz , Krauss Michael , Thomas Ulrich , Wolf Gerald , Laube Gregor 
Published: February 2007

AbstractKnock out mice deficient for the splice‐isoform αα of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOSαα) display residual nitric oxide synthase activity and immunosignal. To attribute this signal to the two minor neuronal nitric oxide synthase splice variants, ββ and γγ, we generated isoform‐specific anti‐peptide antibodies against the nNOSαα specific ββ‐finger motif involved in PDZ domain scaffolding and the nNOSββ specific N‐terminus. The nNOSαα ββ‐finger‐specific antibody clearly recognized the 160‐kDa band of recombinant nNOSαα on Western blots. Using immunocytochemistry, this antibody displayed, in rats and wild‐type mice, a labeling pattern similar to but not identical with that obtained using a commercial pan‐nNOS antibody. This similarity indicates that the majority of immunocytochemically detectable nNOS is not likely to be complexed with PDZ‐domain proteins via the ββ‐finger motif. This conclusion was confirmed by the inhibition of PSD‐95/nNOS interaction by the nNOSαα ββ‐finger antibody in pull‐down assays. By contrast, nNOSαα ββ‐finger labeling was clearly reduced in hippocampal and cortical neuropil areas enriched in NMDA receptor complex containing spine synapses. In nNOSαα knock out mice, nNOSαα was not detectable, whereas the pan‐nNOS antibody showed a distinct labeling of cell bodies throughout the brain, most likely reflecting ββ/γγ‐isoforms in these cells. The nNOSββ antibody clearly detected bacterial expressed nNOSββ fusion protein and nNOSββ in overexpressing HEK cells by Western blotting. Immunocytochemically, individual cell bodies in striatum, cerebral cortex, and in some brain stem nuclei were labeled in knock out but not in wild‐type mice, indicating an upregulation of nNOSββ in nNOSαα deficient animals. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol, 2007