bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ALPHA-a high-performance LISP machine equipped with a new stack structure and garbage collection system
Authors: Hayashi Hiromu , Hattori Akira , Akimoto Haruo 
Published: November 2005

ALPHA is a dedicated machine designed for high-speed list processing. In this article, we describe a highly effective stack which can support a value cache and virtual stack, and high-speed garbage collection algorithm for virtual memory. These new ideas have been studied in ALPHA. ALPHA is designed as a back end processor for a large computer under TSS. ALPHA allows TSS users to do more high-speed list processing than a large computer does.
Currently UTILISP is operating on ALPHA and runs several times faster than MACLISP on the DEC 2060.
A performance evaluation of a Lisp-based data-driven machine (EM-3)
Authors: Yamaguchi Yoshinori , Toda Kenji , Yuba Toshitsugu 
Published: November 2005

In this paper, a Lisp-based data-driven machine with a novel parallel control mechanism and its performance evaluation are presented. The proposed control mechanism is the natural extension of a data-driven scheme to function evaluation and is achieved by packet communication architecture.
First, the organization of the data-driven machine is described and, then the results of the simulation studies are shown which confirm the effectiveness of the control mechanism. The performance characteristics of the data-driven machine obtained by the software simulator are also given.
Overview to the Fifth Generation Computer System project
Authors: Moto-oka Tohru 
Published: November 2005

Computers which have high performances for non-numeric data processing should be developed in order to satisfy and expand new applications which will become predominant fields in information processing of the 1990s.
Knowledge information processing forming the main part of applied artificial intelligence is expected to be one of the important fields in 1990s information processing and the dedicated computers for this have been selected as the main theme of the national project of the Fifth Generation computers.
The key technologies for the Fifth Generation Computer System (FGCS) seem to be VLSI architecture, parallel processing such as data flow control, logic programming, knowledge base based on relational database, and applied artificial intelligence and pattern processing.
Inference machines and relational algebra machines are typical of the core processors which constitute FGCS.
A relational data base machine
Authors: Murakami Kunio , Kakuta Takeo , Miyazaki Nobuyoshi , Shibayama Shigeki , Yokota Haruo 
Published: November 2005

The Japan's Fifth Generation Computer System project is divided into three stages. In the first three-year stage, a working relational data base machine is developed for a software development support system to be used in the second stage and also for an experimental system which provides a research tool for the knowledge base machine.
The paper briefly describes the concepts and architecture of the relational data base machine named “Delta” which is currently under development at ICOT.
Small world, water coolers, and the challenge of remote collaboration
Authors: Gorlenko Lada 
Published: November 2005

Ah, the water cooler. No other element of the office environment conjures up such visions of camaraderie and congeniality as does the water cooler (or its equivalent; when I worked in Italy, we chatted by---of course---the espresso machine). Often a centerpiece of cartoons and anecdotes, the water cooler has come to symbolize the social glue that holds our professional interactions together and helps the collaborative culture function. Around it we may temporarily drop the subject at hand and get to know one another as human beings.
So how do we feel when a professional collaborative environment has no water cooler to facilitate the culture? What do we do? How do we develop relationships and come to trust our colleagues? Lada Gorlenko explores her reactions and what she decided to do about it, and urges us to accept the challenge for ourselves.
---Elizabeth Buie
ASEAN After the Bali Summit 2003: From Paralysis to New Life?
Authors: Freistein Katja 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThe question whether ASEAN has managed to recover from the Asian crisis has received much interest over the last years. The present contribution to the debate is made through an analysis of the prospects for change after the Bali Summit in 2003, with a focus on attempts to enforce stronger regional cohesion. In a joint effort to revive Southeast and East Asian regionalism, the ASEAN states proclaimed the goal to become an 'Economic and Security Community'. While the indicated reforms concentrate mainly on the economic and, secondarily, on the security sectors, the papers argues that matters of social cohesion are also a relevant factor in the making of a regional community. After a short introduction on post-crisis politics, the article examines the concrete measures proposed in the Bali Declaration and their potential to reform ASEAN. The main argument is that regional co-operation can only be successful if internal divides are mitigated and if a stronger normative consensus can be found so as to create a collective identity among the member states.
Bilateral Free Trade Agreements: Boon or Bane for Regionalism in East Asia and the Asia-pacific?
Authors: Dent Christopher 
Published: November 2005

AbstractSince the late 1990s there has been a rapid proliferation of bilateral free trade agreement (FTA) projects in East Asia and the Asia-Pacific, regions previously largely devoid of FTA activity by comparison to others. As this trend has intensified, so have discussions on whether it will help advance regional co-operation and integration. This paper examines the nature of FTAs themselves and the main causes of East Asia and Asia-Pacific FTAs. The 'lattice regionalism' hypothesis is considered: whether dense economic bilateralism provides a sub-structural foundation on which economic regionalism (i.e. co-operation and integration) can build. Closely related is the issue of competing FTA models and modalities in the Asia-Pacific, and special attention is afforded to the 'asymmetric neoliberal' FTA model of the United States and the 'developmental–industrial' FTA model championed by Japan. It is argued that the contrasts between these make the emergence of an Asia-Pacific FTA unlikely in even the distant future. Japan's FTA model is also considered relative to perhaps East Asia's most important FTA project, the ASEAN–China FTA (ACFTA), and we discuss how bilateral FTA developments in the region more generally may or may not lead to enhanced regional economic co-operation and integration in East Asia.
Directive Versus Participative Leadership: Two Complementary Approaches to Managing School Effectiveness
Authors: Somech Anit 
Published: November 2005

Purpose: The educational literature reflects the widely shared belief that participative leadership has an overwhelming advantage over the contrasting style of directive leadership in organizational and team effectiveness. The purpose of this study was to examine the relative effect of a directive leadership approach as compared with a participative leadership approach on school-staff teams’ motivational mechanisms (empowerment and organizational commitment) and effectiveness (team in-role performance and team innovation).Method: Data, which were obtained through a survey, were collected from 140 teams selected from 140 different elementary schools in northern Israel.Results: The results of the Structural Equation Model indicated a positive relation between directive leadership and organizational commitment, as well as a positive relation between directive leadership and school-staff team in-role performance. In addition, organizational commitment served as a mediator in the directive leadership-performance relationship. With respect to participative leadership, the results indicated a positive relation between participative leadership and teachers’ empowerment, and a positive relation between participative leadership and school-staff team innovation, and empowerment served as a mediator in the participative leadership-innovation relationship.Implications: These results suggested that managing tensions between directive and participative activities, bottom-up and top-down processes, and flexibility and discipline may provide a key to teachers’ high performance.
Community development across borders
Authors: Dominelli Lena 
Published: November 2005

Community development (CD) has a long tradition of crossing borders through initiatives that transfer lessons across them. Some of these have been mutually bene.cial. Others have not. In this article this transposition of CD models is problematized, together with a consideration of how such exchanges might avoid becoming exploitative and/or disrespectful of local needs. French Le dé veloppement communautaire (DC) a une longue tradition de traversé e des frontiè res par l'entremise d'initiatives visant à transfé rer certains apprentissages d'un lieu à un autre. Certaines de ces initiatives ont é té mutuellement bé né fiques d'autres pas. Cet article problé matise ces transpositions de modè les de dé veloppement communautaire et examine comment de tels é changes peuvent é viter l'exploitation et le manque de respect des besoins locaux. Spanish El desarrollo comunitario (DC) tiene una enorme tradición en las fronteras a travé s de iniciativas que transfieren lecciones a travé s de é l. Algunas de estas han sido mutuamente bené ficas. Otras no lo han sido. Aquí, se problematiza esta transposición de los modelos de desarrollo comunitario y se considera cómo puede evitarse que estos intercambios se conviertan en expoliativos y/o irrespetuosos con las necesidades locales.
The evaluation of a social work program in a hospital-based family practice unit in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Crighton Eric J. , Creighton Elizabeth , Drummond Neil 
Published: November 2005

English This article explores clients' perceptions of a family practice-based social work program as a step towards better understanding the feasibility of social work as an integral part of primary care. Results revealed that the program was effective in helping clients to deal with their situation, and overall a high level of satisfaction with the service was reported. These results highlight the potential bene.ts of family practice-based social work programs. French Cette é tude explore les perceptions des clients quant à un programme de travail social en pratique familiale. Il s'agit d'un pas en avant dans une compré hension de la faisabilité d'inté grer, à part entiè re, le travail social au aux soins primaires. Les ré sultats ré vè lent l'efficacité de l'aide apporté e aux clients pour faire face à leur situation dans le cadre d'un tel programme inté gré . Un haut niveau de satisfaction des services offerts a é té rapporté . Ces ré sultats mettent en valeur les bé né fices potentiels d'un programme de travail social axé sur une pratique familiale. Spanish Se exploraron las percepciones de los clientes de un programa de trabajo social basado en una clínica de medicina familiar, con el objetivo de entender mejor la viabilidad del trabajo social como parte integral del cuidado primario. Los resultados revelaron que el programa era efectivo en ayudar a los clientes a bregar con su situación. Revelaron tambié n un alto nivel de satisfacción con los servicios. Los resultados iluminan los beneficios potenciales de programas de trabajo social basados en clínicas de medicina familiar.
Guatemalan perceptions of adoption
Authors: Wilson Samantha L. , Gibbons Judith L. 
Published: November 2005

Twenty-three Guatemalan adults were interviewed concerning their attitudes towards adoption. It was found that a majority saw adoption as generally positive. Regarding adoptions by US couples, Guatemalan respondents expressed concern about adoptees experiencing a loss of culture. Barriers to within-country adoptions included 'machismo' and the extensive legal work required. French Vingt-trois adultes guaté maliens é taient interviewé concernant leurs attitudes face à l'adoption. La recherche ré vè le que la majorité perc¸ oivent l'adoption de fac¸ on gé né ralement positive. Ils expriment toutefois des ré serves quant à l'adoption de guaté maliens par des couples amé ricains, les enfants adopté s risquant de perdre leur culture. Les barriè res à l'adoption à l'inté rieur du pays incluent le 'machisme' et un travail lé gal considé rable. Spanish Entrevistamos a 23 adultos guatemaltecos respecto a sus actitudes hacia la adopcio´ n. Hallamos que la mayoría percibe la adopción como positiva. Respecto a la adopción por parte de parejas estadounidenses, los guatemaltecos expresaron preocupación de que los adoptados perdieran su cultura. Dentro del mismo país, la adopción se enfrenta con barreras de tipo 'machista' y de tipo burocrá tico-legal.
Interventions for street children
Authors: Dybicz Phillip 
Published: November 2005

Three perspectives concerning interventions for street children are examined: consumers, professional wisdom and research. Most professional literature to date has concentrated solely on describing this population. Consequently, the knowledge base on intervention strategies for street children remains at a nascent stage of development. French Cet article examine trois perspectives concernant les interventions auprè s des enfants de la rue: les usagers, le savoir-faire professionnel et la recherche. Jusqu'à ce jour, la litté rature professionnelle s'est essentiellement borné e á dé crire ce groupe-cible. Il en ré sulte que le savoir sur les straté gies d'intervention auprè s des enfants de la rue n'en est encore qu'à l'é tape du dé veloppement. Spanish Se examinan tres perspectivas concernientes a las intervenciones en el problema de los ninños de la calle: la de los consumidores, la de la sabiduría profesional, y la de la investigación. Hasta ahora la mayor parte de la literatura profesional se ha limitado a describir esta población. Consecuentemente, el conocimiento base respecto a estrategias de intervención en este problema está naciendo todavía.
A reanalysis of the IASSW World Census 2000
Authors: Barretta-Herman Angeline 
Published: November 2005

English This reanalysis by region pro.les social work education in 392 programs worldwide. The data veri.ed the .rm base of social work education at universities; demonstrated remarkable consistency across all regions in curriculum structure, pedagogy and content; and con.rmed a strong international perspective through multiple faculty and program exchanges. French Cette nouvelle analyse, par ré gion, trace le profil de l'enseignement en travail social dispensé par 392 programmes à l'é chelle mondiale. Les donné es corroborent que les programmes d'enseignement en travail social sont bien é tablis au niveau universitaire; elles dé montrent é galement une remarquable homogé né ité à travers les ré gions tant du point de vue de la structure des programmes, de la pé dagogie que du contenu; et confirment en outre qu'il existe de ré elles perspectives internationales par l'entremise des nombreux é changes entre programmes et faculté s. Spanish Se examina la educación del trabajo social en 392 programas a travé s de todo el mundo. Los datos verificaron la firme base que tiene el trabajo social en las universidades; demostraron asimismo, a travé s de todas las regiones, una gran coherencia de estructura curricular, pedagogía, y contenido; tambié n se confirmóuna fuerte perspectiva internacional a travé s de mu´ ltiples intercambios de programas y profesorado.
Schools of social work and the nature of their foreign collaborations
Authors: Cornelius Llewellyn J. , Greif Geoffrey L. 
Published: November 2005

English US schools of social work were surveyed to determine the extent of their collaborations with social work programs outside the US. One school of social work's experiences with collaborations with a school in India and a school in Ghana are described. Recommendations for future collaborations are given. French Nous avons passé en revue les é coles de travail social é tats-uniennes afin de dé terminer la porté e de leur collaboration avec des programmes de travail social hors frontiè res. Nous dé crivons par la suite les expé riences de collaboration de une é cole de travail social avec une é cole en Inde et une au Ghana. Des recommandations pour des projets de collaborations futurs sont donné es. Spanish Investigamos escuelas de trabajo social en los Estados Unidos para determinar los alcances de sus colaboraciones con programas de trabajo social fuera de los Estados Unidos. Despué s, se describen las experiencias de una escuela de trabajo social con colaboraciones con una escuela en India y otra en Ghana. Ademá s se ofrecen recomendaciones para futuras colaboraciones.
A model for using videoconferencing technology to support international social work field practicum students
Authors: Panos Patrick T. 
Published: November 2005

English Around one in .ve US accredited schools of social work are currently placing students in international .eld placements. Providing adequate supervision strains these programs. This study proposes a triad model of videoconferencing supervision and reports the responses of students in international placements, their agencies and university supervisors. French Environ un cinquiè me des é coles de travail social accré dité es aux Etats-Unis offrent des stages internationaux à leurs é tudiants. Fournir la supervision approprié e met de la stresse sur ces programmes. Cet article propose un modè le de supervision par vidé oconfé rence (triad) et discute les opinions sur ce modè le des é tudiants en stages, de leurs agences, et des superviseurs des université s. Sapanish Aproximadamente una de cada cinco escuelas de trabajo social, acreditada en los Estados Unidos, ubican estudiantes en campos internacionales. Mediante una adecuada supervisión se pueden filtrar estos programas. Este estudio propone un modelo tríada de supervisión mediante videoconferencia y reportes de los estudiantes ubicados en campos internacionales, sus agencias y los supervisores universitarios.
A Systematic Review on the Effects of Subgingival Chlorhexidine Gel Administration in the Treatment of Chronic Periodontitis
Authors: Cosyn Jan , Sabzevar Mehran Moradi 
Published: November 2005

Background: Since scaling and root planing are not always successful, predominantly when access to periodontal defects is compromised, various antimicrobial agents as adjuncts have been suggested to enhance their efficacy. Gel vehicles delivering chlorhexidine (CHX) have become available and tested for these indications.Methods: An electronic (MEDLINE and Cochrane Oral Health Group Specialized Trials Register) and manual search were made to detect studies concerning the use of chlorhexidine gels as a single measure of treatment and as an adjunct to scaling and root planing. Only full‐text randomized controlled trials published in English up to January 2005 were included.Results: Eight studies were finally selected. Due to considerable heterogeneity in study design and outcome variables measured a qualitative data analysis was performed. There is evidence that subgingival chlorhexidine gel administration as a monotherapy temporarily reduces bleeding tendency on probing; a clinical effect coinciding with relevant microbiological changes described in all but one study. To what extent chemical effects contribute to these changes appears to be related to the frequency of gel administration. There seem to be little to no data indicating that the treatment outcome of scaling and root planing will benefit from the adjunctive subgingival administration of a CHX gel.Conclusion: The limited data currently available on the effects of subgingival chlorhexidine gel application do not justify its use in the treatment of chronic periodontitis.
Histologic and Histomorphometric Findings From Retrieved, Immediately Occlusally Loaded Implants in Humans
Authors: Romanos George E. , Testori Tiziano , Degidi Marco , Piattelli Adriano 
Published: November 2005

Background: The immediate loading treatment concept can be successfully used in implant dentistry. Bone cells migrate onto the implant surface and establish a stable anchorage on the titanium surface. When implants are loaded immediately after surgery, there is a high long‐term success rate of the implant‐supported reconstruction. Based on histologic observations from different animal studies, the interface of immediately loaded implants can have a direct bone‐to‐implant connection without any fibrous tissue formation. Mature bone formation is dependent on the loading period. The aim of this study was to demonstrate a histologic analysis of retrieved, clinically stable immediately loaded implants with different implant designs and surfaces. An objective demonstration of the bone‐implant interface was presented for the implant systems used.Methods: A total of 29 implants with different implant designs and surfaces were retrieved from patients who were treated with implants using an immediate loading protocol and fixed immediate restorations placed the same day after surgery. The loading period was between 2 and 10 months. The bone‐implant interface was examined histologically and histomorphometrically.Results: A high bone‐to‐implant percentage of 66.8% (±8.9%) was found in the examined retrieved implants. Some marginal bone resorption was observed in the crestal part of the implants.Conclusion: According to the present histologic and histomorphometric evaluation of retrieved, clinically stable implants, immediate occlusal loading can present a high level of bone‐to‐implant contact in humans.