bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implementation rate of diabetic self‐management education and support for Japanese people with diabetes using the National Database
Authors: Ihana‐Sugiyama Noriko , Sugiyama Takehiro , Imai Kenjiro , Ohsugi Mitsuru , Ueki Kohjiro , Yamauchi Toshimasa , Kadowaki Takashi 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPeople with diabetes are encouraged to receive diabetes self‐management education and support (DSMES) appropriately. However, in Japan, the implementation rates of DSMES are not known. DSMES implementation rates were calculated using the National Database of claims data, which included nearly all insurance‐covered medical procedures. The study enrolled participants who received regular antidiabetic medications between April 2017 and March 2018. The implementation rates of DSMES‐related care were calculated by characteristics, visiting medical facilities and prefectures. In 4,465,513 participants receiving antidiabetic medications (men, 57.8%; insulin use, 14.1%), nutrition guidance (5.6%) was the most frequently provided care type. Insulin users and participants visiting Japan Diabetes Society‐certified and large medical institutions had higher implementation rates of nutrition guidance. DSMES‐related care might not be provided adequately for Japanese people with diabetes. Further studies are needed to develop an optimal diabetes care system.
A survey of medical school aspirant perceptions of an unexpected lottery‐facilitated admissions adaptation
Authors: Grierson Lawrence , Lee Mark , Mahmud Meera , Profetto Jason , Sibbald Matthew , Whyte Robert , Vanstone Meredith 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIntroductionDue to the COVID‐19 pandemic, the Undergraduate Medical Doctor (MD) Programme at McMaster University (Hamilton, Canada) was unable to run in‐person medical school interviews in March 2020, prompting an alternate solution that maximised admission opportunities for Indigenous applicants, prioritised admission for those rated most highly in the interview determination process, and allocated subsequent offers via lottery.MethodsA short survey was administered to applicants who had been offered an admissions interview and were subsequently impacted by the admissions adaptations. The survey elicited perceptions of the adaptation through Likert scale ratings and free‐text responses. Survey data were analysed via a sequential (quantitative to qualitative) mixed‐methods design.Results196 of 552 potential participants completed the survey. Across quantitative and qualitative analyses, respondents reported that the adaptation had a negative impact on their professional development and personal life. Ratings of negative perception were greater for those who did not receive an offer than for those who accepted or declined an offer. Free text responses emphasised considerable criticism for the lottery portion of the adaptation and displeasure that efforts made in constructing applications were less relevant than anticipated.DiscussionThe negative responses to this unexpected change highlight the profound upstream impact admission policies have on the preapplication behaviours of aspiring medical students. The outcomes support a refined understanding of the value candidates place on the interview in appraising their own suitability for a career as a physician.
Comparing the migration behavior and survival of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and brown trout (Salmo trutta) smolts
Authors: Sortland Lene Klubben , Aarestrup Kim , Birnie‐Gauvin Kim 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMany organisms rely on migrations between habitats to maximize lifetime fitness, but these migrations can be risky due to a suite of factors. In anadromous salmonids, the smolt migration from fresh water to sea is a critical life stage, during which smolts can experience high mortality from multiple sources. This study investigated the migratory behavior and survival of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and anadromous brown trout (Salmo trutta) smolts during their seaward migration using acoustic telemetry between March and May 2021. Due to the extinction of wild salmon in the River Gudenaa after the construction of the Tange hydropower plant, this study used hatchery‐reared salmon originating from a nearby Danish river. A total of 75 hatchery‐reared salmon smolts, 75 hatchery‐reared trout smolts, and 75 wild trout smolts were tagged with acoustic transmitters and released into River Gudenaa, Denmark. The downstream movements of tagged fish were monitored using acoustic receivers deployed in the river and fjord. Hatchery‐reared trout initiated migration first, followed by hatchery‐reared salmon, with wild trout being the last to migrate. There was no difference in riverine progression rates among the three smolt groups, but noticeable differences emerged once in the fjord: trout (wild and hatchery) slowed down, whereas hatchery‐reared salmon maintained their speed. Riverine migration was predominantly nocturnal for all smolts; however, daytime migration increased at the fjord arrays. Day‐of‐year significantly influenced diurnal patterns in the river and fjord, where daytime migration increased later in the year. Hatchery‐reared salmon and wild trout had reasonably good overall survival from river to sea entry (≥66%), whereas hatchery‐reared trout had poor survival (c.26%). The fjord was the major bottleneck for survival of hatchery‐reared trout. We found no strong evidence for differences in progression rate or diurnal patterns between wild and hatchery‐reared trout to explain the lower survival. This study demonstrates that salmon and trout differ in their life‐history strategy already in the post‐smolt phase, and that stocking is a sub‐optimal strategy to aid wild populations.
The multidimensional spectrum of eco‐evolutionary relationships between sharks and remoras
Authors: Gayford Joel H. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractRemoras are a highly specialised group of fishes known to associate with a range of marine megafauna, including elasmobranchs, cetaceans and marine reptiles. Remoras appear to benefit from these interspecific interactions through consumption of host dermal parasites or reduced cost of transport. Shark‐remora associations are widely documented, yet our understanding of the costs and benefits involved in these interactions is poor. Studies frequently make claims about mutualistic, commensalistic or parasitic relationships without providing the necessary quantitative information necessary to make these claims. Here I explain why this approach is problematic, and proceed to examine shark‐remora interactions in a rigorous eco‐evolutionary framework. These interactions cannot be properly classified without considering net evolutionary fitness and context dependence. In reality, shark‐remora interactions are best defined by a multidimensional spectrum of fitness consequences, with net fitness outcomes shifting between mutualism and parasitism (and vice versa) through space and time.
Synergistic effect of cinnamaldehyde and eugenol on the inhibition of Bacillus velezensis and the shelf life on quinoa fresh noodles
Authors: Wang Zinan , Liang Shan , Zhang Min 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe synergistic effects of eugenol and cinnamaldehyde (MEC) were firstly used for quinoa fresh noodles (QFN) preservation. The amount of eugenol and cinnamaldehyde in combination was reduced 75% MIC value and 50% MBC value compared to the single application of eugenol and cinnamaldehyde respectively. The shelf life of QFN was prolonged 2.5 times by MEC at 25°C. Besides, MEC can significantly maintain the texture and color of QFN with less odor impact. Further mechanisms of MEC in anti‐Bacillus velezensis were suggested to affect the lag phase during growth, and disrupt the cell integrity with adenosine triphosphate and protein leakage. In addition, the observing winkle and break of cell membrane was also obtained by scanning electron microscope. Besides, a lower concentration of MEC inhibited the growth of biofilm. MEC did present a synergistic and strengthening antibacterial capacity in the inhibition of B. velezensis, and can be suggested as an antimicrobial agent in food preservations.
Global incidence and prevalence of gastritis and duodenitis from 1990 to 2019: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
Authors: Xu Yinling , Chen Feichi , Wen Heli 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackground and AimGastritis and duodenitis, prevalent diseases of the digestive system, impose a significant global burden. This study aimed to examine their incidence and prevalence patterns worldwide, including changes over the past 30 years.MethodsThe age‐standardized incidence rate (ASIR) and age‐standardized prevalence rate (ASPR) of gastritis and duodenitis, stratified by age, sex, geographical region, and sociodemographic index (SDI), were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease 2019. The dynamic trends were captured by calculating the average annual percentage changes (AAPC).ResultsIn 2019, the global ASIR and ASPR of gastritis and duodenitis were 379.88/100 000 (95% uncertainty interval [UI]: 312.42/100 000–448.12/100 000) and 518.11/100 000 (95% UI: 420.62/100 000–631.66/100 000), respectively. The highest rates were observed among the 50–69 age group (ASIR: 856.48/100 000; ASPR: 1158.04/100 000) and in low SDI regions (ASIR: 443.33/100 000; ASPR: 631.22/100 000). From 1990 to 2019, there was a significant decrease in global ASIR (AAPC = −0.34%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.36% to −0.31%) and ASPR (AAPC = −0.34%, 95% CI: −0.37% to −0.31%) of gastritis and duodenitis. However, ASIR (AAPC = 0.47%, 95% CI: 0.42%–0.52%) and ASPR (AAPC = 0.51%, 95% CI: 0.47%–0.52%) of gastritis and duodenitis experienced a significant increase in low SDI regions.ConclusionsDespite a significant decrease in the global incidence and prevalence of gastritis and duodenitis, these conditions continue to impose a burden on individuals aged 50–69 years and low SDI regions. Targeted interventions for those specific populations and regions are necessary.
Use of approved Lu‐177 radiopharmaceuticals in patients with end‐stage renal disease: A review of the literature and proposed treatment algorithm
Authors: Trikalinos Nikolaos A. , Kim Hyun , Vijayan Anitha , Amurao Maxwell , Prasad Vikas 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPeptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) can be a very useful treatment for patients with neuroendocrine neoplasms and metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer but it is routinely avoided in those with advanced kidney disease because it can adversely affect the renal function. Accordingly, no clear guidelines exist on the use of PRRT for patients on hemodialysis (HD). We performed a literature review to identify publications on HD patients who received PRRT with Lutetium‐177 (Lu177) Dotatate and Y‐90 and obtained information on Lu177 pharmacokinetics and early testing data from the manufacturer. We also perused the most recent North American Neuroendocrine Tumor Society (NANETS)/European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society (ENETS) recommendations. Seven relevant publications with a total of 15 patients were included. Patients received dose‐adjusted fractions of PRRT with HD occurring usually within 24 h. There were no immediate or long‐term serious adverse events attributed to the radioligand, although data was limited. Using available evidence and input from a multidisciplinary group, we have created an institutional workflow. Dose‐adjusted PRRT can be offered to patients undergoing HD under careful, multidisciplinary supervision.
Small‐cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the female genital tract: A comprehensive overview
Authors: Saraei Pouya , Heshmati Abbas , Hosseini Sare 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSmall‐cell neuroendocrine carcinomas (SCNECs) of the female genital tract are rare and aggressive tumors that are characterized by a high rate of recurrence and poor prognosis. They can arise from various sites within the female genital tract, including the cervix, endometrium, ovary, fallopian tube, vagina, and vulva. They are composed of cells with neuroendocrine features, such as the ability to produce and secrete hormones and peptides, and a high mitotic rate. Immunohistochemical staining for neuroendocrine markers, such as chromogranin A, synaptophysin, and CD56, can aid in the diagnosis of these tumors. This article provides an overview of the epidemiology, etiology, and risk factors associated with these tumors, as well as their clinical presentation, cellular characteristics, diagnosis, and finally the current treatment options for SCNECs, including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy, alone or in combination.
Investigating the role connective tissue fibroblasts play in the altered muscle anatomy associated with the limb abnormality, Radial Dysplasia
Authors: Murphy George R. F. , Feneck Eleanor , Paget James , Sivakumar Branavan , Smith Gill , Logan Malcolm P. O. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractRadial dysplasia (RD) is a congenital upper limb birth defect that presents with changes to the upper limb anatomy, including a shortened or absent radius, bowed ulna, thumb malformations, a radially deviated hand and a range of muscle and tendon malformations, including absent or abnormally shaped muscle bundles. Current treatments to address wrist instability caused by a shortened or absent radius frequently require an initial soft tissue distraction intervention followed by a wrist stabilisation procedure. Following these surgical interventions, however, recurrence of the wrist deviation remains a common, long‐term problem following treatment. The impact of the abnormal soft connective tissue (muscle and tendon) anatomy on the clinical presentation of RD and the complications following surgery are not understood. To address this, we have examined the muscle, fascia and the fascial irregular connective tissue (ICT) fibroblasts found within soft connective tissues, from RD patients. We show that ICT fibroblasts isolated from RD patients are functionally abnormal when compared to the same cells isolated from control patients and secrete a relatively disordered extracellular matrix (ECM). Furthermore, we show that ICT fibroblast dysfunction is a unifying feature found in RD patients, even when the RD clinical presentation is caused by distinct genetic syndromes.
Multidimensional composite indicators of well‐being: Applications in economic history
Authors: Rijpma Auke , Philips Robin C. M. , van Bavel Bas J. P. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractEconomists and social scientists have widely contributed to the so‐called “Beyond GDP” debate—the view that current measures of economic growth are inadequate to measure well‐being and multidimensional indicators. While economic history has not been prominent in these debates, multidimensional indicators have captured the interest of economic historians, with both theoretical and empirical contributions. In this contribution, we examine the areas of consensus and debate in economic history. A comprehensive literature review shows a lack of consensus on how to use multidimensional indicators and that they face substantial critiques. We use two case‐studies (a long‐term series for the Netherlands and one on the basis of the CLIO‐INFRA panel dataset) to illustrate how common findings emerge in the literature and empirical exercises despite methodological differences. We argue that debates on the relation between economic growth and well‐being in the long‐run using these indicators can not only contribute to many founding questions in economic history—though greater precision and transparency in our assumptions about well‐being measurement are necessary—but also to better understand present‐day challenges such as how to better pursue growth in well‐being and not merely in GDP.
Guideline for gynecological practice in Japan: Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Japan Association of Obstetricians and Gynecologists 2023 edition
Authors: Nishio Eiji , Ishitani Ken , Arimoto Takahide , Igarashi Toshio , Ishikawa Tetsuya , Iwase Akira , Ogawa Mariko , Ozawa Nobuaki , Kajiyama Hiroaki , Kawasaki Kaoru , Kudo Risa , Kumakiri Jun , Komura Hiroko , Komai Kan , Sato Seiya , Shinohara Koichi , Takahashi Toshifumi , Tanaka Kyoko , Tanebe Kyoko , Deguchi Masashi , Tozawa‐Ono Akiko , Nakashima Akitoshi , Nakatsuka Mikiya , Hayakawa Satoshi , Hirata Tetsuya , Fukuhara Rie , Miyakuni Yasuka , Miyazaki Hiroaki , Morisada Tohru , Kuwabara Yoshimitsu , Takenaka Masataka , Shozu Makio , Sugiura‐Ogasawara Mayumi , Maeda Tsugio , Yokoyama Yoshihito , Fujii Takuma 
Published: April 2024

AbstractTwelve years after the first edition of The Guideline for Gynecological Practice, which was jointly edited by The Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology and The Japan Association of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, the 5th Revised Edition was published in 2023. The 2023 Guidelines includes 5 additional clinical questions (CQs), which brings the total to 103 CQ (12 on infectious disease, 30 on oncology and benign tumors, 29 on endocrinology and infertility and 32 on healthcare for women). Currently, a consensus has been reached on the Guidelines, and therefore, the objective of this report is to present the general policies regarding diagnostic and treatment methods used in standard gynecological outpatient care that are considered appropriate. At the end of each answer, the corresponding Recommendation Level (A, B, C) is indicated.
Birth outcomes associated with a natural delivery approach in a perinatal center: A comparative retrospective study
Authors: Abu Shqara Raneen , Goldinfeld Gabriela , Tenne Cohen Roni , Nahir Biderman Sari , Lowenstein Lior , Frank Wolf Maya 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectivesAt our center, natural home‐like delivery settings have been established in or near conventional labor wards, for the care of pregnant women who prefer little or no medical intervention during labor and birth. We compared obstetrical and neonatal outcomes of women in active spontaneous labor, between those who chose to deliver in a natural‐delivery setup and those who chose a conventional setting.MethodsThis retrospective study included low‐risk women who delivered at term between March 1, 2020 and December 31, 2022, in a single tertiary university affiliated medical center.Birth outcomes were compared between 124 women who delivered by natural birth (the study group) and 244 who gave birth in a conventional setting (the control group).ResultsNo cesarean deliveries were performed in the study group, compared to 18 (7.4%) of the control group, p = 0.004. Intrapartum fever, postpartum hemorrhage, and uterotonic administration were similar between the groups. For the study compared to the control group, breastfeeding was more common (71.3% vs. 12.3%, p < 0.001), analgesia administration within 48 h delivery was lower (4.1% vs. 10.7%, p = 0.033), and maternal and neonatal length of hospitalization were shorter. Of the women initially admitted to the natural‐delivery room, 14 (11.5%) were transferred to a conventional‐delivery room.ConclusionsBirth in a hospital natural‐delivery setting was associated with increased likelihood of vaginal birth, increased immediate breastfeeding and breastfeeding at discharge, and lower postpartum pain.
Professionally applied fluorides for preventing and arresting dental caries in low‐ and middle‐income countries: Systematic review
Authors: Dhanapriyanka Manori , Kosgallana Shamini , Kanthi R. D. F. C. , Jayasekara Prasanna , Dao Thi Minh An , Ha Diep Hong , Do Loc 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectivesThis systematic review aimed to review the safety and effectiveness of professionally applied fluorides for preventing and arresting dental caries in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs).MethodsRandomized controlled trials conducted in LMICs, in which professionally applied fluorides were compared with placebo/no treatment/health education only or usual care with a minimum one‐year follow‐up period, were included. Any topically applied fluoride agents such as sodium fluoride (NaF), acidulated phosphate fluoride, silver diamine fluoride (SDF), and nano silver fluoride (NSF) were included. Five databases (PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library) were searched in May 2022. Meta‐analysis was conducted using a random effect model.ResultsThis review included 33 studies for qualitative synthesis, encompassing 16,375 children aged between 1.5 and 14 years. Nevertheless, the meta‐analysis focused on only 17 studies, involving 4067 children. Fourteen papers assessed potential adverse events, none of which was reported as major adverse events. SDF and NSF were identified as effective in arresting caries on primary teeth (p < 0.05) compared with a placebo or no treatment. Fluoride varnish and gel were identified as effective in reducing new caries development on primary teeth (p < 0.05) but not on permanent teeth (p > 0.05). The certainty of the generated evidence obtained is low.ConclusionThe review provides valuable insights into the use of professionally applied fluorides in LMICs and contributes to recommendations for their use. However, the limited rigorous evidence suggests the need for further research to strengthen these findings and draw more robust conclusions.
Clinical and patient‐reported outcomes in patients with chronic hepatitis B and C and non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease from real‐world practices in Saudi Arabia, Turkey and Egypt
Authors: Alqahtani Saleh A. , Yilmaz Yusuf , El‐Kassas Mohamed , Alswat Khalid , Sanai Faisal , AlZahrani May , Abaalkhail Faisal , AlShaikh Manal , Al‐Hamoudi Waleed K. , Nader Fatema , Stepanova Maria , Younossi Zobair M. ,   the Global NASH Council
Published: April 2024

AbstractPatients with chronic liver disease (CLD) experience health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) and patient‐reported outcomes (PROs) impairments. We assessed and identified predictors of HRQoL and PROs in CLD patients from Saudi Arabia (SA), Turkey and Egypt. Patients enrolled in Global Liver Registry™ with chronic hepatitis B (CHB), chronic hepatitis C (CHC) and non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) or non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) were included. Clinical data and PRO questionnaires (FACIT‐F, CLDQ and WPAI) were compared across countries. Linear regression identified PRO predictors. Of the 4014 included patients, 26.9% had CHB, 26.9% CHC and 46.1% NAFLD/NASH; 19.2% advanced fibrosis. Compared across countries, CHB patients were younger in Egypt (mean age [years] 41.2 ± 11.4 vs. 45.0 ± 10.3 SA, 46.1 ± 12.0 Turkey), most often employed in SA (64.8% vs. 53.2% Turkey) and had the lowest prevalence of obesity in Turkey (26.7% vs. 37.8% SA, 38.5% Egypt). In SA, CHB patients had lowest prevalence of fibrosis and comorbidities (all p < .01). There was a higher frequency of males with NAFLD/NASH in SA (70.0% vs. 49.6% Turkey, and 35.5% Egypt). Among NAFLD/NASH patients, CLDQ‐NAFLD/NASH scores were highest in SA (mean total score: 5.3 ± 1.2 vs. 4.8 ± 1.2 Turkey, 4.1 ± 0.9 Egypt, p < .01). Independent predictors of worse PROs included younger age, female sex, advanced fibrosis, non‐hepatic comorbidities and lack of regular exercise (all p < .05). Clinical presentation and PRO scores of CLD patients vary across SA, Turkey and Egypt. Impairment of HRQoL is associated with demographic factors, lack of regular exercise, advanced fibrosis and non‐hepatic comorbidities.