bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Use of an Anal Stimulator for Barium Enema Examinations
Authors: Harvey A. J. , Robertson Angus , Hille R. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryThe use of an anal stimulator as a simple adjunct to maintaining rectal continence during barium enemas is discussed and has Ix‐en found to be a practical and useful proposition at the Repatriation General Hospital, Adelaide.
Traumatic Aneurysms and Traumatic Arteriovenous Fistulae
Authors: Tucker W. G. , Perrett L. V. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryThe literature on traumatic aneurysms and traumatic arteriovenous fistulae has been reviewed, the aetiology and pathogenesis discussed. Seven cases are described illustrating various types, including an unusual complication of cervical disc surgery resulting in a vertebral arteriovenous fistula.
Cystic Myxomatous Degeneration of the Popliteal Artery
Authors: Weston T. S. , Thompson H. T. , Ardagh J. W. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryThe disease is a rare one of dubious pathogenesis. The clinical presentation is usually one of the sudden onset of intermittent claudication in a young adult male. Arteriography may reveal a stenosis, with or without displacement, or complete occlusion of the popliteal artery, which otherwise appears normal. Treatment is either by incision of the cysts with extrusion of their contents in stenotic lesions or resection of the artery with autogenous vein replacement in complete occlusion.A search of the literature has revealed 31 documented cases of the disorder, and this paper describes two further cases.
The Olecranon Bursa
Authors: Weston W. J. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe olecranon bursa is a potential cavity in the normal subject and is represented by two layers of synovial membrane and extrasynovial fat. It is only the extrasynovial fat that is seen on the normal lateral view of the elbow.When the cavity of the bursa is distended at post‐mortem examination with 1 ml. of barium sulphate suspension, a smooth‐walled sac that fits like a cap over the tip of the olecranon process is outlined. The bursa is noted to be separated from the ulna by a thin layer of translucent extrasynovial fat.A 21‐gauge scalp vein needle forms a useful cannula when performing bursography. The tip of the needle must be in contact with the ulna to give satisfactory filling of this potential cavity.
The Bursae Deep to Gluteus Medius and Minimus
Authors: Weston W. J. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe radiographic anatomy of the bursae deep to the gluteus medius and minimus has been described.These bursae have been filled by barium sulphate at post‐mortem examination. A scalp vein set is a useful cannula in the thin subject.The extrasynovial fat is well shown between the barium‐filled bursa deep to gluteus medius and the great trochanter.
Carcinoma of the Larynx—Radiology*
Authors: Ryan James 
Published: March 2008

SummaryRadiology is of paramount importance in cancer of the larynx. The radiologist is in a position to give accurate delineation of the tumour and to assess muscle involvement by showing loss of normal movement. An adequate examination includes positive contrast tomo‐grams with films taken in quiet respiration and in expiratory and inspiratory phonation.Thermography provides a simple way of detecting gland metastases in the neck.After operation, by radiology we can help in the rehabilitation of these patients by showing how well they can speak and how they provide the required column of air for speech. The limitations of speech imposed by the operation can be shown. It may be possible to advise surgeons of a better operation if this upper oesophageal muscle is in fact required for useful speech after operation.
Cardiac Catheterization: I. Indications, Current Techniques, and Complications
Authors: O'Brien K. P. , Glancy D. L. , Brandt P. W. T. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryThe indications for cardiac catheterization are discussed. Currently available techniques of right and left heart catheterization are described, and the particular advantages and disadvantages of each technique are summarized. Complications of cardiac catheterization are discussed both in general and in relation to each individual procezure. The most commonly used methods of measuring cardiac output and Of detecting the presence and magnitude of intracardiac shunts are outlined.
Cardiac Catheterization: II. Detection and Assessment of Common Cardio‐vascular Abnormalities
Authors: Glancy D. L. , O'Brien K. P. , Brandt P. W. T. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryThe haemodynamic parameters used in detecting and assessing each of several common cardio‐vascular abnormalities are presented, and the pertinent catheterization techniques are described. Methods for studying patients with the more common congenital cardiac malformations are for the most part well standardized, and when adequate data are obtained, these are usually easily interpreted. Acquired valvular lesions, especially stenotic ones, can also be evaluated by standard techniques and the severity of such lesions accurately determined. In contrast, methods for studying myocardial function are less satisfactory. The parameters usually employed in assessing myocardial performance are also influenced by extra‐myocardial factors, and some of the more meaningful methods of studying myocardial contractility are still too complex and time‐consuming for routine use. Except for selective angiocardiography, cardiac catheterization techniques are likewise of only limited help in evaluating patients with ischaemic heart disease.
Cloverleaf Skull and Thanatophoric Dwarfism
Authors: Bloomfield J. A. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryA case is described in which these abnor malities coexisted in a stillborn male foetus o normal parents. Radiological and autopsy findings are recorded and illustrated. The enlarged head caused obstructed labour.This is apparently the twenty‐fourth case of cloverleaf skull reported, and the first from Australasia.Available literature is reviewed, and the frequent association of limb bone deformities with cloverleaf skull is again noted. The differential diagnosis of these conditions is discussed, with particular reference to confusion with achondroplasia.It is postulated that the basic fault is a gross retardation of foetal skeletal development before 10 weeks (40 mm. embryo).
A Review of the Physical Data Used in Radium and Radon Dosimetry
Authors: Sofer D. H. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryThis review makes available up‐to‐date values of the physical data upon which the dosimetry of sealed radium and radon sources is based. It is hoped that the values recommended will become the accepted values for use in Australia.The information is supplied in the form of point source functions which give the exposure in roentgens at r cm. in soft tissue from a point source of m mg. of radium or A mCi. of radon surrounded by d mm. of platinum. The application of the functions to line sources is considered in an Appendix, so that comparisons may be made with dosage systems now in general use.
Cerebral Calcification following Pseudomonas Meningitis in an infant“
Authors: Chongwah A. , Masel J. P. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryIntracranial calcification in a young infant, following meningitis in association with Pseudo‐monas septicaemia, is reported. This calcification, most likely in the cerebral cortex, developed in 3 weeks and later largely resolved over a period of 9 months.
Experience with Orbital Venography
Authors: Cala L. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryFour cases have been extracted from a larger series, representing assorted conditions producing unilateral proptosis.It has been found that the venogram is of no value used alone; it is always complementary to the carotid angiogram.The procedure of orbital venography has been described by Lombardi and Passerini (1969), McNulty (1969) and Lloyd (1970)
The Posterior Capsule of the Flexed Knee Joint in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Weston W. J. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryThe lateral view of the knee was taken in full flexion in this patient with active seropositive rheumatoid arthritis.The thickened capsule posteriorly was noted to have the shape of a reversed three and ran parallel to the extra synovial fat.To my knowledge, this appearance of the capsule in the flexed lateral view of the knee joint has not been previously described.
Relative Hazards to Radiation Workers in Various Classes o Diagnostic X‐ray Procedures, with Special Reference to Ward and Theatre Radiography*
Authors: Williamson B. D. P. , Paris N. F. , Samsen L. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryA classification of diagnostic X‐ray procedures according to degree of radiation hazard to the radiation worker is presented. It is based on an analysis of published radiation injury cases, on theoretical considerations and on experience in routine radiation protection surveys. The classification is qualitative rather than rigorous and procedures are grouped and ranked according to the following basic protection situations: radiography with all staff excluded from the “radiation area”, radiography with staff in the radiation area, fluoroscopy, and dangerous obsolete techniques.A suggested code of practice for diagnostic X‐ray work in wards and operating theatres is appended.
X‐Ray Diagnosis of Protruding Lesions of the Stomach
Authors: Ohtake Hisashi , Tarusawa Teruo , Nishiki Tsunehiro , Hoshino Tehchi , Mukose Yoshito 
Published: March 2008

SummaryThe X‐ray diagnosis of protruding lesions of the stomach has been discussed. As long as the shape, size, and properties of the surface and margin of the lesion are correctly ascertained, the diagnosis of a benign or malignant lesion is possible. An effort towards demonstrating the shape of the protruding lesion on X‐ray film as correctly as possible–close to the macroscopic findings–is necessary.
Thanatophoric Dwarfism
Authors: Southion C. L. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryA case of Thanatophoric Dwarfism is described in which the foramen magnum was found to be grossly reduced in size. The distance between the petrous temporal bones was also reduced in size but were anatomically normal.It is thought that the size of the foramen magnum may be associated with areflexia and hypotonia and the lethal nature of the disease.Radiography forms the basis of accurate diagnosis. From this, reporting, precise classification and incidence follow.
Treatment of Cancer of Maxilla
Authors: Singh DR. A. D. , M.Joseph DR. L. B. , Simon DR. G. T. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe aim of this presentation has been mainly three:

Full course of supervoltage radiation‐therapy combined with palatal fenestration gives the best result in the treatment of the carcinoma of the maxillary antrum.
Modified wedge technique to be a satisfactory technique.
It needs a team of radiotherapist, surgeon and dentist along with their colleagues to fight this disease.
The Use of “Gallium Citrate Scanning to Stage Malignancies of the Head and Neck
Authors: Hurst W. B. , Andrews J. T. , Chmiel R. L. , Martin J. J. , Sephton R. G. , Budd R. S. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryThe inaccuracy of palpation to detect cervical metastatic lymph node disease is emphasised. Approximately one third of patients with head and neck carcinoma will be diagnosed incorrectly with respect to metastatic disease in the neck regardless of the presence or not of palpable nodes. Normal but palpable nodes or anatomical prominences may cause difficulty in interpretation.This report gives details of experience with 67Gallium citrate scanning in 14 patients with cervical masses, which were initially assumed to be metastatic in origin.The primary lesion was well demonstrated in two cases, and in four other cases positive e7Ga scans corresponding with metastatic cervical lymph nodes were obtained. In six cases however the scan was negative; moreover there were two instances where chronically‐inflamed submandibular salivary glands gave “false positive” scans. On the basis of this experience, the f, TGa scan appears to be of no help in staging head and neck malignancy.
Unclassified Osteochondrodysplasia in a 21‐Year‐Old Woman
Authors: Kozlowski K. , Sherbon K. J. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryA 21‐year‐old woman with unusual bone changes is described. The disease may have been present at birth but only facial abnormalities were recognised in infancy. Later, bilateral hip dislocation and stunted growth became apparent. X‐ray examination during childhood showed microepiphyses of all the long bones, small round bones, dislocation of the hips and kyphoscoliosis. These changes showed little variability with growth. Unusual changes in the shape of the vertebral bodies took place during late childhood or adolescence.In the authors' opinion this is a previously undescribed type of spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia or an allied disorder.
Combined Treatment of Malignant Tumor with Irradiation and Bleomycin
Authors: Yamashita Hisao , Nagase Tetsuya , Amino Saburo , Gomi Makoto , Kamata Rikisaburo , Kaneta Koichi , Mikuriya Shuichi 
Published: March 2008

SummarySystematic studies were made on combined treatment with irradiation and Bleomycin. Tumor doses of 5,000–7,000 rads were given, mostly with gamma rays or X‐rays of a 4–6 MeV Linear Accelerator, and Bleomycin was given simultaneously during irradiation with daily doses of 15 mg twice a week. The total dose was usually 100–150 mg. Side effects were fever in 22 cases (28%), dermatitis in 13 cases (17%), pneumonitis and fibrosis of the lung in 9 cases (11%). In 43 cases (55%) there were no side effects. Complete disappearance of the tumor was seen in 42 cases (53%), shrinkage of the tumor in 27 cases (34%), and non‐effective results in 10 cases (13%). Primary cure rate was 53% in all cases, 72% in Stage 1 and 5 cases, and 45% in Stage 3 and 4 cases. The 1 year survival rate has been found to be 73% and the 1–5 year's survival rate to be 56% Caution should be taken to avoid side effects especially fever and pulmonary changes.
The Value Of The Frusemide (Lasix) Washout Test During Pyelography As An Indicator Of Renovascular Hypertension
Authors: Hare William , Sprague Paul L. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYFifty‐seven hypertensives underwent renal arteriography selected on the basis of an abnormal Lasix washout response during urography, all other criteria being normal. Forty‐five patients had normal arteriograms, 7 patients over 40 years showed minor arterial tapering, 4 had minimal fibromuscular hyperplasia, and 1 a small asymptomatic hypernephroma. It is concluded that as a screening test for renovascular hypertension the Lasix washout response by itself is of no real value because of the frequency of false positives. With the current interest in reduced distensibility of the kidney as a sign of renal artery stenosis Lasix will be assessed as a simple way of eliciting this.
On The Use Of Bradykinin In Arteriography Of The Arm
Authors: Erikson Uno , Helmius Gunnar , Hemmingsson Anders 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYBradykinin injected intra‐arterially immediately prior to arteriography of the arm increases the contrast filling of both arteries and veins of the arm and hand, if the vessels still have a capacity for dilatation. If an appropriate dose is used in relation to the size and location of the examination area, no side‐effects are obtained.
Histological Classification of Lymphomas (NISBET SYMPOSIUM, OCTOBER 1972)
Authors: Hanson T. A. S. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYPathological classification in the group of malignant lymphomas has changed over the past 20 years.The modern classifications of both the Hodgkin's and non‐Hodgkin's lymphomas are presented, together with some relevant historical background.Attention is drawn to the remarkable increase in the incidence of nodular sclerosing Hodgkin's disease in the past ten years, an increase which appears due to changing histological criteria alone, rather than an absolute increase in Hodgkin's disease in general.
Dystrophic Dwarfism
Authors: Kozlowski K. , Barylak A. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYTwo cases of diastrophic dwarfism in early school age children and a variant of diastrophic dwarfism in an infant are described. One of the children, a 61/2 year old girl, showed a rare but dangerous complication—cervical spine kyphosis.The importance of early diagnosis and the difficulties in management of the condition are stressed.
Tancho's Nodules1
Authors: Sundaravej Kunthon , Suchato Chirotchana 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTSpecial glass beads buried subcutaneously in die male sexual organs were discovered in Bangkok, Thailand. Some cases showed secondary infection but were not reported here. Roentgenograms were taken and illustrated. Diagnostic radiologists when reading films suggestive of bullets or urethral stones should have the Tancho's Nodules in mind for differential diagnosis.
Radionuclide Studies of Posterior Fossa Lesions in Children
Authors: Andrews J. T. , Klug G. L. , McKay W. J. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYA series of 480 children was investigated by scintiscanning between 1966 and 1975 by rectilinear scanning or by gamma camera imaging. Of this group 39 were reported abnormal in the posterior fossa region–10 were reported as normal but were found subsequently by other investigations or by operation to have a lesion in this region. Of the 39 reported abnormal 37 were subsequently found to have a lesion, either benign or malignant. There were 2 false positives. The overall accuracy of diagnosis in the posterior fossa was 75.5%.The value of cerebral radionuclide imaging in the study of posterior fossa lesions in children has been upheld. The investigation is non invasive, safe and reasonably accurate and is an important screening test in this area.
The Pseudogallbladder–Opacification of the Duodenal Cap at Cholangiography
Authors: Foote George A. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe duodenal cap is readily opacified at cholangiography because of retrograde propulsion of opacified bile into the cap. When the axis of the cap is directed to the left, pooling of opacified bile will commonly occur, partly because of the dependent position of the cap relative to the descending duodenum and also because active contractions of the duodenal cap do not commonly occur during cholangiography. The leftward directed cap which is thus opacified may resemble a normal or an incompletely amputated gallbladder in its size, shape and position. The cap may be difficult to recognise as such unless it is realised that the axis of the cap is directed to the left, with the base of the cap lying further to the right than its apex.
Ultrasonic Diagnosis of Lymphocele Complicating Renal Transplantation
Authors: Curran John E. , Maklad Nabil F. , Baum Janet K. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYUltrasonic B‐mode scanning is a useful diagnostic technique for the early detection of perirenal fluid collections following renal transplantation. Generally, the technique does not allow differentiation between collections of lymph, pus, blood or urine. Two examples of post‐transplant lymphocele are described.
Skeletal Changes in Divers
Authors: Williams Bryan , Unsworth Ian 
Published: March 2008

AbstractOne hundred and ten divers, either sports or professional, have undergone radiological examination of appropriate areas of the skeleton as part of periodic medical review designed to ensure adequate supervision of their health and the prevention of the potentially hazardous effects of decompression. The classification advocated by the Medical Research Council (U.K.) Decompression Sickness Panel has been followed in this report, and a significant number of abnormalities affecting bone and joint have come to light, and are listed in the text. The diver is usually an athletic and adventurous young man who, in some instances, has been engaged in heavy manual work underwater where joint and positional sense may have been modified and rendered him vulnerable to injury to the skeleton and its tendons and ligaments. The interplay of trauma and dysbaric osteonecrosis and their influences on the skeletal changes found in this group of divers forms the subject of this report.
Angiographic Findings in Diaphragmatic Rupture
Authors: Foley W. Dennis , Reuter Stewart R. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe angiographic findings are presented in four patients with ruptured diaphragms. With rupture of the left hemidiaphragm the findings vary with the structures herniating. Gastric, mesenteric or splenic artery branches extending into the lower chest indicate herniation of the stomach, bowel or spleen. A herniating spleen is frequently ruptured. On the right, the liver is generally the only organ to herniate. An indentation in the lateral liver margin in the venous phase, if present, indicates the level of the diaphragm.
Spondylo‐Metaphyseal Dysplasias
Authors: Kozlowski K. , Barylak A. , Middleton R. W. , Rybakowa M. , Thomas P. , Walecki J. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYOne case of the common type and three pairs of siblings with hitherto undescribed varieties of spondylo‐metaphyseal dysplasia are reported. All the pairs of siblings showed concordance in the spine changes. Some intrafamilial variability of the metaphyseal changes were present in pairs I and III of the siblings.
Computer‐Based Auditing in a Radiological Department
Authors: Williams By Bryan , Wood Trevor J. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYIt has proved immensely valuable to the direction of a radiological department served by a diversity of radiologists to have computerised records of the kind described in this paper. The three areas of directorial responsibility–clinical care, teaching and research– have been given coherence and purpose, and the material stored during the year 1973‐74 is still being used widely. Ideally, a department needs its own small computer with extended storage facilities so that auditing can be practised imaginatively but inexpensively. Were this available, the programmes outlined above would be retained and expanded to allow more detailed dissection of the use and abuse of the service provided, to create a cumulative radiation diary for staff and patients correlating with records of stillbirths, congenital malformations, lymphoreticular diseases and other disorders that may relate to low‐dose radiation. Without the benefit of a computer, departments inevitably lapse into a formlessness that hampers effective management.
A Huge Bile Cyst — An Unusual Complication of Percutaneous Transhepatic Cholangiography (PTC)
Authors: VUJIC IVAN , MEREDITH HUBERT C. , ANDERSON MARION C. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTA huge subcapsular bile cyst, which formed over a period of six weeks following PTC, is described in a 54 year old male with obstructive jaundice. To our knowledge, this complication of PTC has been reported only once in the medical literature.
Carpal Instability and Carpal Injuries
Authors: HOCKLEY BRONTE J. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYCarpal instability or collapse deformities of the carpus are a poorly recognised radiological entity. The spectrum of these lesions includes painful non‐united scaphoid fractures, rotatory subluxations of the scaphoid, post‐arthritic degenerative changes and acute “wrist sprains”. The collapse patterns can be subdivided into two types:—Dorsiflexion carpal instabilityPalmarflexion carpal instability.In the acute form, the radiological appearances may be non‐specific if normal carpal relationships are maintained in standard wrist projections. The use of six standard projections is advocated in diagnosis with accurate lateral radiographs and with the hand in a true neutral position. Serial examinations may be required to make the diagnosis, possibly augmented with lateral views using carpal compression or motion studies of the wrist. Patients with acute and chronic “wrist sprains” and “carpal tunnel” syndrome should be energetically investigated with the purpose of diagnosing collapse deformities and instituting the appropriate orthopaedic treatment.