bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regional brand image and perceived wine quality: the consumer perspective
Authors: Johnson Ray , Bruwer Johan 
Published: November 2007

PurposeThe overall aim of this study is to examine the regional brand image of selected California wine regions and the effect of that image on consumers' quality perceptions when included on wine labels. It also seeks to examine the importance of regional brand image with respect to information other than place‐of‐origin provided on the wine labels. Finally, the study seeks to define consumer preference for selected California wine regions, with a deeper look at Sonoma, and their preference for appellations within those regions.Design/methodology/approachData collection took place by means of a highly‐structured online survey of male and female wine consumers, during a two‐week period in May 2006 across the USA. The sample was limited to two groups of wine consumers who are the recipients of monthly and quarterly wine newsletters respectively. The request to participate was directed to 9,922 e‐mail boxes that yielded a response rate of 5.7 percent, finally resulting in 570 usable surveys.FindingsThe perceived quality of a wine region raises the quality expectation of the sub‐regions or appellations within that region. This was especially evident in the case of Sonoma County. The wine region is the most important information to predict quality on wine labels. Almost without exception, the addition of regional information on a label increased consumer confidence in the quality of the product. The ever‐increasing number of American viticultural areas (AVAs) results in a fragmented offering in terms of the place‐of‐origin marketing strategy to consumers and is not desirable.Research limitations/implicationsThe research suggests that a wine regional brand image is multi‐dimensional in nature and that many, in fact, most individual AVAs have weak regional brand strength when compared with the high equity ones such as Napa Valley and Sonoma. These findings are, however, tentative as the study was conducted only in the USA and largely among California residents with a relatively high wine involvement level. These issues warrant further investigation.Originality/valueThis paper is of value to academic readers, wine industry practitioners and regional wine and/or tourism associations alike as it synthesises the importance of a wine's region of origin in the consumer wine‐buying process and the impact of place‐of‐origin as a wine marketing strategy.
Quantity and quality regulation in the wine sector: the Chianti Classico appellation of origin
Authors: Malorgio Giulio , Grazia Cristina 
Published: November 2007

PurposeThis paper aims to illustrate the mechanisms for the economic regulation of quantity and quality in the Chianti Classico appellation of origin, focusing on the role of the sectorial organization in regulating the intermediary market, reinforcing the product's identity and the reliability of the quality signal.Design/methodology/approachStarting from some background elements (literature review and legislation framework) and given the supply chain organization and the main market mechanisms, the quantity and quality regulatory tools are illustrated and it is suggested how to improve the role of the sectorial organization in achieving the effectiveness of the system.FindingsReinforcing the quantity constraint established by the production code, controlling and certifying the compliance process to the minimum quality standard from upstream grape production to downstream commercialization, reinforcing the link with the terroir and improving the promotional activity are some of the main strategies identified to improve the effectiveness of the system. In addition, a more operational role should be recognized to the sectorial organization, in order to stabilize and regulate the transactions on the intermediary market and attract a more market‐oriented approach.Research limitations/implicationsUsing a case study and not a quantitative approach represents the limit of this paper.Originality/valueThe paper provides an original contribution in the sense that some empirical evidences are highlighted, which both support the theoretical arguments for an economic regulation of supply by the sectorial organizations and provide some suggestions, which might be useful outside the Chianti Classico to improve the effectiveness and reliability of the appellation of origin.
Structural changes in the demand for wine in Canada
Authors: Cho Danny I. , Permyakov Mikhail , Ogwang Tomson 
Published: November 2007

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate structural changes in the elasticity of demand for wine in the Province of Ontario and in Canada as a whole. It will provide academic researchers and practitioners with a better understanding about structural changes in the levels of wine demand elasticities over time. It will also help the relevant governments and wine business establishments in developing taxation policy and business decisions.Design/methodology/approachThe Kalman filter method, in conjunction with the Chow test, is applied to investigate structural changes in the elasticity of demand for wine. The Chow test is used for primary investigations of structural changes in the elasticity of demand for wine over time, whereas the Kalman filter method provides information about the behavior of the elasticity coefficients over time.FindingsThe Chow test reveals that structural changes in wine demand for Ontario are more pronounced than those for Canada as a whole. The Kalman filter results indicate that increased (decreased) government taxation could be an effective tool for discouraging (encouraging) consumption of wine. The analysis of own‐price elasticity suggests that the effects of increased government taxation on wine consumption be totally unexpected. Cross‐price elasticity coefficients change their signs over time, suggesting that some of the goods that are considered to be complements may become substitutes. Income and unemployment levels have different effects on wine consumption in Ontario and in Canada as a whole.Research limitations/implicationsThere may be variation in results by wine color (red or white), country of origin (imported or domestic), or price (premium or non‐premium).Practical implicationsUnderstanding changes in the elasticity of demand structure for wine over time would help policy makers at the provincial and federal levels come up with effective tools for controlling consumption of wine over time, including their taxation policies. For the wine business establishments, the information on consumer response is important for pricing purposes.Originality/valueThe Kalman filter has not previously been used to examine structural changes in the demand for wine in Canada.
Women wine consumers: information search and retailing implications
Authors: Atkin Thomas , Nowak Linda , Garcia Rosanna 
Published: November 2007

PurposeThe purpose of this research is to examine gender differences in information search procedures and selection criteria relative to purchase situation and social and financial risk aversion.Design/methodology/approachAn online questionnaire was completed by 497 males and 877 females in the USA. A total of 88 percent of the respondents stated that they drank wine at least once per week. Participants were obtained by sending e‐mails to customer lists provided by wine‐related organizations.FindingsFindings suggest that, if a consumer is unsure about making a wine selection, women are more apt than men to seek information from store personnel, a server, sommelier, or winery personnel. Labels and shelf tags are also significantly more important for women. While winery region is very important to both men and women, women rely on medals and awards more than men.Research limitations/implicationsConsumers who are not necessarily comfortable with using the internet would not have had an opportunity to participate in this study.Practical implicationsThe differences by gender in the importance of and the usage of various information sources could help retailers prioritize their communication methods in US stores. Store personnel, servers, sommeliers, and winery personnel should be well‐prepared to answer questions and make recommendations.Originality/valueWomen buy 80 percent of the wine sold in the USA. This study helps retailers understand their preferences and how to assist them more effectively in their purchase decisions.
Genetic diversity and differentiation of Chinese domestic buffalo based on 30 microsatellite markers
Authors: Zhang Y. , Sun D. , Yu Y. , Zhang Y. 
Published: November 2007

SummaryTo determine genetic diversity and evolutionary relationships among Chinese buffalo populations, 18 indigenous swamp buffalo populations and two introduced river buffalo breeds were genotyped for 30 microsatellite loci. The mean number of alleles across the 30 loci was 8.13, and the expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.517 (Yanjin) to 0.609 (Dehong). Although there was abundant genetic variation, genetic differentiation between Chinese buffalo populations was low, with only 2.8% of the total genetic variance among populations. The genetic differentiation pattern and genetic relationships among Chinese buffalo populations were consistent with their geographic distribution. The Dehong population was discerned as a distinct indigenous population, but suffered genetic admixture with river buffalo. The remaining populations were divided into four major clusters, i.e. the Upper and Middle Reaches of Yangtze Valley cluster (Guizhou, Guizhoubai, Yanjin, Fuling, Enshi and Jianghan), the Lower Reaches of Yangtze Valley cluster (Haizi, Shanqu and Dongliu), the South China cluster (Fuan and Xinfeng) and the Southwest China cluster (Xinglong, Xilin, Diandongnan and Dechang).
Intrabasinal tectonic control on fluvial sandstone bodies in the Cloverly Formation (Early Cretaceous), west‐central Wyoming, USA
Authors: Meyers J. H. , Suttner L. J. , Furer L C. , May M. T. , Soreghan M. J. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractTemporal and spatial changes in alluvial sand‐body geometry and palaeodispersal patterns of the lower part of the Cloverly Formation (Early Cretaceous) in west‐central Wyoming suggest differential uplift within the developing medial to distal foreland basin and existence of subtle structurally controlled topography nearly 60 Myr before classic Laramide uplift in the Wyoming foreland province. This intraforeland structural topography exerted a significant control on dispersal and deposition of widespread gravels of Neocomian‐Aptian age.Surface studies have established the presence of two conglomeratic sandstones in the Cloverly Formation in the western Wind River Basin. Both conglomeratic sandstones are chert arenites, but the lower conglomeratic sandstone is characterized by dark chert pebbles derived from western and southwestern extrabasinal sources and was deposited by braided rivers, whereas the upper conglomeratic sandstone is characterized by intraformational clasts derived locally from adjacent floodplains and deposited by NE‐flowing rivers of moderate sinuosity which carried a higher proportion of suspended load in stable bank‐confined channels.Surface and subsurface mapping of sandstone‐body geometry in the lower dark chert‐pebble conglomeratic sandstone, together with palaeocurrent analysis of trough cross‐bedding, reveal a major NE‐flowing trunk river system in the area. Lithological correlation of surface sections to adjacent well logs, together with regional format correlation of fine‐grained intervals in well logs up to 120 km E of the outcrop belt, enable detailed mapping of the trunk system. The trunk system was approximately 5–10 km wide, and may have been confined by subtle structural topography developed by recurrent differential uplift along NE‐trending fractures in Archaean basement rocks. The fractures are along strike with diabase dike swarms and faults mapped in Archaean basement rocks of the Laramide Wind River uplift. The lower chert‐pebble sandstone is absent for a lateral distance of at least 30 km between these lineaments, including an area of at least 1000 km2, indicating the existence of a low NE‐SW‐trending interfluve perpendicular to the axis of the modern Wind River Range.Early Cretaceous development of structural topography and partitioning of the medial to distal foreland basin of west‐central Wyoming were most likely controlled by tectonic reactivation and differential uplift along fractures in Archaean basement rocks in response to early thrust loading and intraplate stresses during initial subsidence of the foreland basin.
Free thermal convection beneath intracratonic basins: thermal and subsidence effects
Authors: Nunn JEFFREY A. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractTwo long‐standing discrepancies between observations and predictions from geophysical models for the evolution of intracratonic basins are: (1) thermal indicators, such as organic maturity, document higher basin temperatures than predicted by thermal conduction; and (2) periods of rapid/slow subsidence which deviate from the exponentially decreasing subsidence rate consistent with thermal contraction. A possible explanation for these problems is free thermal convection in the continental crust beneath the basin. Using a finite difference model for coupled fluid flow and heat transport, the Keweenawan rift beneath the Michigan basin is simulated as a plug of fractured igneous rock 10 km thick and 45 km wide. Overlying the igneous body and adjacent impermeable basement rocks in the model is 4 km of Proterozoic and Palaeozoic sediments of intermediate permeability. Model results indicate that during short‐lived (a few million years) periods of free thermal convection in the igneous body, temperature gradients in the overlying sediments can nearly double and rapid heat loss causes additional subsidence at the centre of the basin. Locally, additional tectonic subsidence can be more than 25 m. After fractures are sealed and free thermal convection slows or stops, basin subsidence is anomalously slow as the basement reheats back to conductive equilibrium.
Subsidence analysis in the Paris Basin: a key to Northwest European intracontinental basins?
Authors: Loup BERNARD , Wildi WALTER 
Published: November 2007

AbstractDue to the frequently observed disparities between stretching amounts obtained from faults, crustal thickness and tectonic subsidence, the development of intracratonic basins cannot always be explained by a simple model of lithospheric extension. Basin evolution may then be regarded as the result of superimposed and successive processes.The Paris Basin is chosen as a type example for the discussion of European intracratonic basins. The tectonic subsidence, reconstructed using a standard method, is small (maximum of 1600 m, mean rate of 8.5 mm/ka). The long‐term linear or concave curves are interrupted by periods of short‐term acceleration and deceleration. Thus, tectonic subsidence is clearly discontinuous and five phases, with duration of 20–60 Myr, constitute the long‐term Meso‐Cenozoic Subsidence. The boundaries and pattern of each phase are identical all over the basin. Subsidence is interpreted as the result of several modifications of the lithospheric structure. The uniform stretching model can explain the first Triassic to early 1, iassic phase, the only one with a concave‐upward trend (deceleration). The Jurassic to Cretaceous subsidence could be explained by superposing (1) a long‐term component caused by lower crustal flow and/or underplating and (2) several short‐term accelerations (convex‐upward trend) related to compressive or transpressive forces. Geophysical control is insufficient to test the first postulate accurately and the generation of sufficiently high compressional stresses during the Jurassic‐Cretaceous is questionable for the second.Other Northwest European basins are compared with the Paris Basin. Although similar features can be observed, the overall image is not uniform: ‘Paris Basin’ (intracratonic) as well as ‘Celtic Sea Basin’ (passive margin) signatures, variable long‐term trends, lack of synchronism of subsidence phases. This picture necessitates different driving mechanisms for subsidence across Northwest Europe. The variable subsidence patterns and processes result from the ‘remote’ geodynamics of the Atlantic and Tethyan realms, combined with mainly ‘active’ processes similar to those proposed for the Paris Basin.
Phase I study of magnesium pidolate in combination with hydroxycarbamide for children with sickle cell anaemia
Authors: Hankins Jane S. , Wynn Lynn W. , Brugnara Carlo , Hillery Cheryl A. , Li Chin‐Shang , Wang Winfred C. 
Published: November 2007

SummaryIn sickle cell anaemia, red cell dehydration increases intracellular HbS concentration and promotes sickling. Higher erythrocyte magnesium reduces water loss through negative regulation of membrane transporters. Hydroxycarbamide (also known as hydroxyurea) reduces sickling partly by increasing intracellular HbF. Combining drugs with distinct mechanisms could offer additive effects. A phase I trial combining oral magnesium pidolate and hydroxycarbamide was performed to estimate the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and toxicity of magnesium. Cohorts of three children with HbSS, who were on a stable dose of hydroxycarbamide (median 28·5 mg/kg/d), received magnesium pidolate for 6 months beginning at 83 mg/kg/d. The dose was escalated by 50% for subsequent cohorts. Laboratory evaluations were performed at 0, 3, 6 and 9 months. Sixteen children (aged 4–12 years) participated. All four dose‐limiting toxicities (grade III diarrhoea and abdominal pain) occurred within the first month of starting magnesium. Additionally, diarrhoea grades I (n = 1) and II (n = 3), and abdominal pain grade II (n = 3) occurred. Hydroxycarbamide dose reduction or interruption was not required. The MTD for magnesium pidolate used in combination with hydroxycarbamide was 125 mg/kg/d. KCl co‐transporter activity declined after 3 months of magnesium pidolate (P = 0·02). A phase II study is needed to investigate the efficacy of this drug combination.
Crystal structure of human DAAM1 formin homology 2 domain
Authors: Yamashita Masami , Higashi Tomohito , Suetsugu Shiro , Sato Yusuke , Ikeda Tomoyuki , Shirakawa Ryutaro , Kita Toru , Takenawa Tadaomi , Horiuchi Hisanori , Fukai Shuya , Nureki Osamu 
Published: November 2007

Reorganization of the actin filament is an essential process for cell motility, cell–cell attachment and intracellular transport. Formin proteins promote nucleation and elongation of the actin filament, and thus are key regulators for this process. The formin homology 2 (FH2) domain forms a head‐to‐tail ring‐shaped dimer, and processively moves towards the barbed end. Dishevelled‐associated activator of morphogenesis (DAAM) is a Rho‐regulated formin implicated in neuronal development. Here, we present the crystal structure of human DAAM1 FH2 dimer at 2.8 Å resolution. This is the first dimeric structure of the mammalian formin. The core structure of human DAAM1 is similar to those of mouse mDia1 and yeast Bni1p, whereas the orientations of the FH2 dimeric rings are different between human DAAM1 and yeast Bni1p, despite their similar dimer interactions. This difference supports the previous prediction that the dimer architecture of the formin is highly flexible in the actin‐free state. The results of the actin assembly assays using the DAAM1 mutants demonstrated that the length of the linker connecting the N‐terminal domain and the core region is crucial for the activity.
Evidence that SV40 VP1–DNA interactions contribute to the assembly of 40‐nm spherical viral particles
Authors: Tsukamoto Hiroko , Kawano Masa‐aki , Inoue Takamasa , Enomoto Teruya , Takahashi Ryou‐u , Yokoyama Naoki , Yamamoto Noriaki , Imai Takeshi , Kataoka Kohsuke , Yamaguchi Yuki , Handa Hiroshi 
Published: November 2007

The simian virus 40 (SV40) particle is mainly composed of the major capsid protein termed VP1. VP1 self‐assembles into virus‐like particles (VLPs) of approximately 40 nm in diameter when over‐expressed in bacteria or in insect cells, but purified VP1 does not form such a structure under physiological conditions, and thus, the mechanism of VP1 assembly is not well understood. Using a highly purified VP1 assembly/disassembly system in vitro, here we provide evidence that DNA is a factor that contributes to VP1 assembly into 40‐nm spherical particles. At pH 5, for example, VP1 preferentially assembles into 40‐nm particles in the presence of DNA, whereas VP1 assembles into tubular structures in the absence of DNA. Electron microscopic observations revealed that the concentration of DNA and its length are important for the formation of 40‐nm particles. In addition, sucrose gradient sedimentation analysis and DNase I‐sensitivity assays indicated that DNA of up to 2000 bp is packaged into the 40‐nm particles under the conditions examined. We propose that DNA may facilitate the formation of 40‐nm spherical particles by acting as a scaffold that increases the local concentration of VP1 and/or by acting as an allosteric effector that alters the structure of VP1.
The effect of the canal‐filled area on the bacterial leakage of oval‐shaped canals
Authors: De‐Deus G. , Murad C. , Paciornik S. , Reis C. M. , Coutinho‐Filho T. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractAim  To compare the sealing ability and the canal‐filled area (gutta‐percha + sealer) of three current filling techniques in oval‐shaped canals.Methodology  A total of 50 oval‐shaped root canals were prepared and root filled as follows: G1: lateral condensation (n = 10), G2: System B (n = 10) and G3: Thermafil system (n = 10). All teeth were mounted in a two‐chamber apparatus and the coronal access was exposed to human saliva. The appearance of turbidity in the BHI broth over a 15‐week period was observed. A cross section of each tooth was made 5 mm from the apex and the samples were prepared for microscopic analysis. Digital image measurements of the cross‐sectional area and the area filled by gutta‐percha and sealer were performed. Log‐rank and Fisher’s exact tests were used to analyse the leakage data. Student’s t‐test was used to analyse the filled‐area data.Results  Overall, 30% of the specimens of G1 and G2 and 20% of G3 demonstrated leakage after 15 weeks and no significant difference was found amongst the groups (P > 0.05). The percentage of canal‐filled area was 68, 70 and 78%, respectively (P > 0.05). The correlation analysis revealed no significant relation between the pattern of bacterial leakage and canal‐filled area (P = 0.128).Conclusions  No significant difference in apical sealing and canal‐filled area in oval‐shaped canals was seen between the three filling techniques. No significant correlation was found between the quality of the apical seal and the filled‐area of the root canal space.