bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proteomic analysis of microglial contribution to mouse strain–dependent dopaminergic neurotoxicity
Authors: McLaughlin Patrick , Zhou Yong , Ma Tracy , Liu Jun , Zhang Wei , Hong Jau‐Shyong , Kovacs Monika , Zhang Jing 
Published: January 2006

AbstractAlthough the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD) remains unknown, it appears that microglial activation is associated with enhanced neurodegeneration in animal models of PD as well as in PD patients. Experimentally, C57BL/6 and SWR/J mice demonstrate striking differences in the extent of dopaminergic (DAergic) neurodegeneration induced by a parkinsonian toxicant 1‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). The purpose of this study was to determine whether differences in microglial activation between these two strains of mice could provide insight into the variability seen in toxicant induced neuronal death, and subsequently to use a high‐throughput proteomic method, combining stable isotope labeling with amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) with liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry, to compare the microglial proteomes of C57BL/6 and SWR/J mice after stimulation with a classical microglial activator, lipopolysaccharide (LPS). We found that DAergic neurotoxicity induced by LPS in a primary neuron–microglia coculture was twofold greater with microglia isolated from the brains of C57BL/6 mice compared with that of SWR/J mice. Upon proteomic analysis we found that, out of over 1000 proteins identified and quantified, 400 displayed a significant difference in their relative abundance between these two murine strains. Several proteins, which had relatively higher levels in C57BL/6 mice, have previously been implicated in LPS‐mediated microglial activation, including those involved in the COX‐2 pathway and in prostaglandin E‐2 (PGE2) production. To validate our proteomic results we confirmed the increased expression level of iNOS in C57BL/6 vs. SWR/J microglia with semiquantitative Western blot. Further analysis of our proteomic discovery data will likely reveal numerous novel proteins involved in inflammation‐mediated neurotoxicity in PD. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An algorithm for the uniform sampling of iso‐energy surfaces and for the calculation of microcanonical averages
Authors: Rapallo Arnaldo 
Published: January 2006

AbstractIn this article an algorithm is proposed to efficiently perform the uniform sampling of an iso‐energy surface corresponding to a fixed potential energy U of a molecular system, and for calculating averages of certain quantities over microstates having this energy (microcanonical averages). The developed sampling technique is based upon the combination of a recently proposed method for performing constant potential energy molecular dynamics simulations [Rapallo, A. J Chem Phys 2004, 121, 4033] with well‐established thermostatting techniques used in the framework of standard molecular dynamics simulations, such as the Andersen thermostat, and the Nose–Hoover chain thermostat. The proposed strategy leads to very accurate and drift‐free potential energy conservation during the whole sampling process, and, very important, specially when dealing with high‐dimensional or complicated potential functions, it does not require the calculation of the potential energy function hessian. The technique proved to be very reliable for sampling both low‐ and high‐dimensional surfaces. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 27: 414–425, 2006
A new parallel algorithm of MP2 energy calculations
Authors: Ishimura Kazuya , Pulay Peter , Nagase Shigeru 
Published: January 2006

AbstractA new parallel algorithm has been developed for second‐order Møller–Plesset perturbation theory (MP2) energy calculations. Its main projected applications are for large molecules, for instance, for the calculation of dispersion interaction. Tests on a moderate number of processors (2–16) show that the program has high CPU and parallel efficiency. Timings are presented for two relatively large molecules, taxol (C47H51NO14) and luciferin (C11H8N2O3S2), the former with the 6‐31G* and 6‐311G** basis sets (1032 and 1484 basis functions, 164 correlated orbitals), and the latter with the aug‐cc‐pVDZ and aug‐cc‐pVTZ basis sets (530 and 1198 basis functions, 46 correlated orbitals). An MP2 energy calculation on C130H10 (1970 basis functions, 265 correlated orbitals) completed in less than 2 h on 128 processors. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 27: 407–413, 2006
Response to mechanical strain in an immortalized pre‐osteoblast cell is dependent on ERK1/2
Authors: Fan Xian , Rahnert Jill A. , Murphy Tamara C. , Nanes Mark S. , Greenfield Edward M. , Rubin Janet 
Published: January 2006

AbstractMechanical strain inhibits osteoclastogenesis by regulating osteoblast functions: We have shown that strain inhibits receptor activator of NF‐κB ligand (RANKL) expression and increases endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and nitric oxide levels through ERK1/2 signaling in primary bone stromal cells. The primary stromal culture system, while contributing greatly to understanding of how the microenvironment regulates bone remodeling is limited in use for biochemical assays and studies of other osteoprogenitor cell responses to mechanical strain: Stromal cells proliferate poorly and lose aspects of the strain response after a relatively short time in culture. In this study, we used the established mouse osteoblast cell line, conditionally immortalized murine calvarial (CIMC‐4), harvested from mouse calvariae conditionally immortalized by insertion of the gene coding for a temperature‐sensitive mutant of SV40 large T antigen (TAg) and support osteoclastogenesis. Mechanical strain (0.5–2%, 10 cycles per min, equibiaxial) caused magnitude‐dependent decreases in RANKL expression to less than 50% those of unstrained cultures. Overnight strains of 2% also increased osterix (OSX) and RUNX2 expression by nearly twofold as measured by RT‐PCR. Importantly, the ERK1/2 inhibitor, PD98059, completely abrogated the strain effects bringing RANKL, OSX, and RUNX2 gene expression completely back to control levels. These data indicate that the strain effects on CIMC‐4 cells require activation of ERK1/2 pathway. Therefore, the CIMC‐4 cell line is a useful alternative in vitro model which effectively recapitulates aspects of the primary stromal cells and adds an extended capacity to study osteoblast control of bone remodeling in a mechanically active environment. J. Cell. Physiol. 207: 454–460, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hexose transporters GLUT1 and GLUT3 are colocalized with hexokinase I in caveolae microdomains of rat spermatogenic cells
Authors: Rauch María Cecilia , Ocampo María Eliana , Bohle Joanna , Amthauer Rodolfo , Yáñez Alejandro J. , Rodríguez‐Gil Joan E. , Slebe Juan Carlos , Reyes Juan G. , Concha Ilona I. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractPostmeiotic spermatogenic cells, but not meiotic spermatogenic cells respond differentially with glucose‐induced changes in [Ca2+]i indicating a differential transport of glucose via facilitative hexose transporters (GLUTs) specifically distributed in the plasma membrane. Several studies have indicated that plasma membrane in mammalian cells is not homogeneously organized, but contains specific microdomains known as detergent‐resistant membrane domains (DRMDs), lipid rafts or caveolae. The association of these domains and GLUTs isoforms has not been characterized in spermatogenic cells. We analyzed the expression and function of GLUT1 and GLUT3 in isolated spermatocytes and spermatids. The results showed that spermatogenic cells express both glucose transporters, with spermatids exhibiting a higher affinity glucose transport system. In addition, spermatogenic cells express caveolin‐1, and glucose transporters colocalize with caveolin‐1 in caveolin‐enriched membrane fractions. Experiments in which the integrity of caveolae was disrupted by pretreatment with methyl‐β‐cyclodextrin, indicated that the involvement of cholesterol‐enriched plasma membrane microdomains were involved in the localization of GLUTs and uptake of 2‐deoxyglucose. We also observed cofractionation of GLUT3 and caveolin‐1 in low‐buoyant density membranes together with their shift to higher densities after methyl‐β‐cyclodextrin treatment. GLUT1 was found in all fractions isolated. Immunofluorescent studies indicated that caveolin‐1, GLUT1, and hexokinase I colocalize in spermatocytes while caveolin‐1, GLUT3, and hexokinase I colocalize in spermatids. These findings suggest the presence of hexose transporters in DRMDs, and further support a role for intact caveolae or cholesterol‐enriched membrane microdomains in relation to glucose uptake and glucose phosphorylation. The results would also explain the different glucose‐induced changes in [Ca2+]i in both cells. J. Cell. Physiol. 207: 397–406, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Insulin‐like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP)‐5 is upregulated during both differentiation and apoptosis in primary cultures of mouse mammary epithelial cells
Authors: Lochrie Jennifer D. , Phillips Kirsten , Tonner Elizabeth , Flint David J. , Allan Gordon J. , Price Nicholas C. , Beattie James 
Published: January 2006

AbstractWe have previously demonstrated that insulin‐like growth factor binding protein‐5 (IGFBP‐5) is upregulated following treatment of the mouse mammary epithelial cell line HC11 with lactogenic hormones (dexamethasone, insulin, and prolactin—DIP). In addition, we have also shown that IGFBP‐5 is upregulated in mammary epithelial cells in vivo during involution of the rodent mammary gland. We have, therefore, postulated that there may be a dual regulation of IGFBP‐5 expression during the temporally separated processes of differentiation and apoptosis of mammary epithelial cells. To test this hypothesis further, we have used a phenotypically differentiated model, which comprises primary cultures of mouse mammary epithelial cells grown on a layer of EHS (Engelbreth–Holm–Swarm) extracellular matrix. We show that lactogenic hormone treatment (hydrocortisone, insulin, and prolactin—HIP) of these cultures induces the upregulation of IGFBP‐5 thus replicating the results obtained with the HC11 cell line. In addition, following the induction of apoptosis in primary cultures of mammary epithelial cells by treatment with TGFβ‐3, IGFBP‐5 expression is also upregulated. In parallel with this upregulation of IGFBP‐5, there is also an increase in the levels of cleaved caspase‐3, a well‐characterized marker of cellular apoptosis. These findings confirm previous in vivo work demonstrating an increase in IGFBP‐5 expression during involution of the mouse mammary gland. When HC11 cells are cultured under serum‐free conditions (a well‐characterized apoptotic insult in cell culture), there is also an increase in cleaved caspase‐3 levels. Unexpectedly, in the presence of TGFβ‐3, caspase‐3 levels are attenuated. In the presence of DIP, caspase‐3 levels are also decreased in HC11 cells. As described previously, TGFβ‐3 inhibits β‐casein synthesis in HC11 cells. In the HC11 cell line (in contrast to primary cultures of mammary epithelial cells), there is no evidence for TGFβ‐3 induction of IGFBP‐5 under either serum‐free or DIP‐supplemented conditions. We believe our data with primary cultures of mammary epithelial cells support the hypothesis of dual regulation of IGFBP‐5 expression during both differentiation and apoptosis in the mammary gland and emphasizes the importance of using appropriate cell culture models to investigate such phenomena in this tissue. We discuss the possible implications of our observations in relation to the physiological processes of pregnancy, lactation, and involution in the mammary gland and the associated changes in mammary epithelial cell function. J. Cell. Physiol. 207: 471–479, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of pharmacological amounts of S‐allylcysteine on lipids in normal and isoproterenol‐induced myocardial infarction in rats
Authors: Padmanabhan Mannangatti , Prince Ponnian Stanely Mainzen 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThe present study evaluates the effect of S‐allylcysteine on marker enzymes, serum and myocardial lipids in normal and isoproterenol‐induced myocardial infarction in male Wistar rats. A significant increase in the activities of marker enzymes such as creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase in serum of isoproterenol (150 mg kg−1)‐treated rats was observed. The levels of serum lipids (cholesterol, triglycerides, free fatty acids and phospholipids) were significantly increased, while the levels of myocardial cholesterol, triglycerides and free fatty acids were significantly increased in isoproterenol‐administered rats. The concentration of myocardial phospholipids was significantly decreased in isoproterenol‐administered rats. Oral pretreatment with S‐allylcysteine at doses of 50, 100 and 150 mg kg−1 using an intragastric tube daily for a period of 45 days positively modulated the biochemical alterations caused by isoproterenol. The effect of S‐allylcysteine at a dose of 150 mg kg−1 showed a better cardioprotective effect than the other two doses (50 and 100 mg kg−1). α‐Tocopherol (60 mg kg−1) administration orally using an intragastric tube to rats daily for 45 days also exhibited a significant cardioprotective effect. The effect of S‐allylcysteine was compared with α‐tocopherol. Oral administration of S‐allylcysteine (50, 100 and 150 mg kg−1) to normal rats did not show any significant change in this study. Thus, from the present study it can be concluded that a pharmacological dose of S‐allylcysteine exerts a protective effect against isoproterenol‐induced myocardial infarction in rats. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
The antioxidant activity of Californian red wines does not correlate with wine age
Authors: Roginsky Vitaly , de Beer Dalene , Harbertson James F , Kilmartin Paul A , Barsukova Tatyana , Adams Douglas O 
Published: January 2006

AbstractA range of physico‐chemical properties of 21 Californian red wines from 1 to 28 years old were correlated with wine age. The level of monomeric phenolics and low molecular‐weight phenolic oligomers decreased with age, while the level of high molecular‐weight phenolics increased. On the other hand, total phenols given by the Folin–Ciocalteau method, antioxidant capacity determined using a controlled chain reaction of methyl linoleate and the intensity of the anodic peak determined by cyclic voltammetry (CV) did not show any significant correlation with wine age. Total phenols and the shapes of CV traces were more dependent on the grape variety and the particular viticultural and wine‐making practices rather than on wine age. At the same time, young and aged wines showed a pronounced difference in the shape of [O2] traces recorded during the oxidation of methyl linoleate in a micellar solution inhibited by wine addition. Possible reasons why the antioxidant activity of red wines does not correlate with wine age are discussed. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
Statutory bodies as instruments of government in Hong Kong: review beginnings and analytical challenge ahead
Authors: Thynne Ian 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThis article addresses the review of statutory bodies in Hong Kong by the Home Affairs Bureau of the Hong Kong SAR Government. It examines the focus and scope of the review and, thereafter, discusses the work, power and responsibility arrangements which the review should now embrace. The classification scheme, principles and related factors canvassed by the Bureau constitute the beginnings of what ought to be a detailed and thorough study. The analytical challenge facing the Bureau is to make sense of statutory bodies as dynamic entities in a complex system of governance. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Performance of semi‐autonomous public bodies: linkage between autonomy and performance in Japanese agencies
Authors: Yamamoto Kiyoshi 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThe creation of semi‐autonomous public bodies or agencification has been diffused around the world. The basic concept lies in giving more autonomy in operations in exchange for strengthening accountability for results. It is assumed that granting more flexibility in management produces more efficient and effective outcomes. However, the causal relationship between autonomy and performance has been inconclusive despite many empirical studies. This is because institutional factors are neglected, as are other measurement problems such as using cross‐section data. Consequently, in this article, the relationship is examined using institutional factors and a retrospective survey method to study Japanese agencies. The analysis shows that there is a causal relationship between operational autonomy and performance, but only partial causal linkages between other types of autonomy like structural or legal autonomy and performance. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Putting livelihoods thinking into practice: implications for development management
Authors: Toner Anna , Franks Tom 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThe failure of ‘blueprint’ development interventions to deliver substantive improvements in poverty reduction has been well recognised over the last twenty years. Process approaches seek to overcome the rigidity and top‐down operation of much aid‐funded intervention. Sustainable livelihoods approaches (SLA) are one of the latest additions to this family of approaches. As a theoretical framework and as a set of principles for guiding intervention, sustainable livelihoods thinking has implications for development management. Drawing on research exploring the application of sustainable livelihoods principles in 10 development interventions, this article considers how these principles have evolved from continuing debates surrounding process and people‐centred (bottom‐up) approaches to development management. This research suggests that whilst these principles can improve the impact made by interventions, the effective application of sustainable livelihoods and other process approaches are fundamentally restricted by unbalanced power relationships between development partners. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An alternative strategy for high throughput generation and characterization of monoclonal antibodies against human plasma proteins using fractionated native proteins as immunogens
Authors: Ning Yunshan , Wang Yundan , Li Yan , Hong Yanhua , Peng Dandan , Liu Yichu , Wang Junxiang , Hao Wenbo , Tian Xuemei , Wu Fenfang , Dong Wenqi , Wang Lihong , Wu Qiong , Liu Xiaolan , Gao Jianen , He Fuchu , Qian Xiaohong , Sun Qi‐Hong , Li Ming 
Published: January 2006

AbstractConstruction of a monoclonal antibody (mAb) bank containing a vast variety of antibodies against human tissue proteins is important for proteomic research. A novel strategy of subtractive immunization using fractionated native proteins was developed for high throughput generation of mAb against human plasma proteins. By this novel approach, the bottleneck of antigen preparation can be overcome by combining repeated immunization of animals with subtracted fractions of plasma or tissue proteins and identification of target antigen by immunoprecipitation/mass spectrum strategies. Plasma freshly collected from healthy adults was pooled and three fractions were prepared by size exclusion chromatography. Mice were immunized with the fractionated plasma proteins, and 205 strains of hybridomas secreting mAb were obtained after two‐round subtractive immunizations and cell fusions. In the first round, 110 strains of hybridomas were established, in which 77 strains secreting mAb were identified against 10 human plasma high‐abundant proteins. In the second round, plasma fraction I was absorbed with mAb against IgM, IgG, ceruloplasmin and haptoglobin. The absorbed fraction I was used as immunogen for the second round immunization and cell fusion. Ninety‐five strains of hybridomas secreting mAb were obtained. Although the target antigens of mAb from 82 strains of hybridomas were identified as IgM, IgA, α2‐macroglobulin and fibrinogen, about 85% antibodies obtained from this round were identified as new antibodies when compared with mAb obtained in the first round immunization with plasma fraction I. The results suggest that subtractive immunization with fractionated plasma proteins followed by identification of antigens with immunoprecipitation/mass spectrum may be an effective approach for rapid preparation of mAb against high‐and medium‐abundant plasma or tissue proteins.
Viscometric properties of dilute polystyrene/dioctyl phthalate solutions
Authors: Hua Chi C. , Wu Ming S. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractWe report viscometric data collected in a Couette rheometry on dilute, single‐solvent polystyrene (PS)/dioctyl phthalate (DOP) solutions over a variety of polymer molecular weights (5.5 × 105 ≤ Mw ≤ 3.0 × 106 Da) and system temperatures (288 K ≤ T ≤ 318 K). In view of the essential viscometric features, the current data may be classified into three categories: The first concerns all the investigated solutions at low shear rates, where the solution properties are found to agree excellently with the Zimm model predictions. The second includes all sample solutions, except for high‐molecular‐weight PS samples (Mw ≥ 2.0 × 106 Da), where excellent time–temperature superposition is observed for the steady‐state polymer viscosity at constant polymer molecular weights. No similar superposition applies at a constant temperature but varied polymer molecular weights, however. The third appears to be characteristic of dilute high‐molecular‐weight polymer solutions, for which the effects of temperature on the viscosity curve are further complicated at high shear rates. The implications concerning the relative importance of hydrodynamic interactions, segmental interactions, and chain extensibility with increasing polymer molecular weight, system temperature, and shear rate are discussed. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 44: 787–794, 2006
Necessary conditions for the N‐representability of pair distribution functions
Authors: Ayers Paul W. , Davidson Ernest R. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractA necessary condition for the N‐representability of the electron pair density proposed by one of the authors (E. R. D.) is generalized. This shows a link between this necessary condition and other, more widely known, N‐representability conditions for the second‐order density matrix. The extension to spin‐resolved electron pair densities is considered, as is the extension to higher‐order distribution functions. Although quantum mechanical systems are our primary focus, the results are also applicable to classical systems, where they reduce to an inequality originally derived by Garrod and Percus. As a simple application, bounds to the average angle between an electron pair are derived. It is shown that computational methods based on variational minimization of the energy with respect to the electron pair density can give extremely poor results unless robust N‐representability constraints are considered. For reference, constraints for the N‐representability of the pair density are summarized. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2006
Conformational and electronic study ofN‐acetyl‐L‐isoleucine‐N‐methylamide using DFT and IPCM calculations
Authors: Rodríguez Ana M. , Koo Joseph C. P. , Rojas Dante E. , Peruchena Nélida M. , Enriz Ricardo D. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractA conformational and electronic study onN‐acetyl‐L‐isoleucine‐N‐methylamide was carried out. All side‐chain as well as backbone conformations were explored for this compound. Multidimensional conformational analysis predicts 81 structures in the case ofN‐acetyl‐L‐isoleucine‐N‐methylamide, 53 relaxed structures were determined at the DFT (B3LYP/6‐31G(d)) level of theory. An exhaustive electronic study employing the atoms‐in‐molecules (AIM) method was carried out. In addition, the effects of three solvents (water, acetonitrile, and chloroform) were included in the calculations using the isodensity polarizable continuum model (IPCM) method. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2006