bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact to Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI) Implementation in Developing Countries: A Literature Review
Authors: Pinto Joaquim , Puspitasari Yenny , Periostiwati Yuli , Tilman Carlos Boavida , Pinto Adelina , Ximenes Estevao Menezes 
Published: April 2024

Background: Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI) is needed to address infant mortality in sub-Saharan African and South Asian countries of 11 million cases, due to diarrheal diseases, pneumonia, measles, malnutrition and newborn care problems. (IMCI) is an approach to sick children carried out integrated by combining promotion, prevention, and treatment services for the five leading causes of death in infants and child’s in developing countries. IMCI is used as a service standard for sick infants and childhood illness and a guideline for health workers, especially nurses and midwives and doctors in primary health care facilities. IMCI contributes significantly to reducing the mortality rate of neonates, infants and child if implemented widely, properly, and correctly.
Purpose: To determine the key of impact to the implementation on integrated management of childhood illnesses (IMCI).
Methods: The design of this study uses systematic review, namely literature research that assess of critically quality health journals, which have been filtered with inclusion criteria and used several Google Scholar, Science Direct and Research Gate databases as literacy in this study. There were 215 results according to the keyword Impact, implementation IMCI and perceptions.
Results: the factors causes to implementation IMCI are supervised by head community health, district authority, attitude of health workers, logistics support, experience, knowledge, and perception of health staffs trained on IMCI determine in process application in each health facility.
Conclusion: Leadership, logistic support, monitoring and supervision and coordination has as impact on IMCI implementation process.
Weed Management in Transplanted Paddy in Wetlands under Water Shortage with Alternate Wetting and Drying System of Irrigation
Authors: Paul Ganja Pavani Grace , Joseph P. A. , Katharine S. Praveena , Innazent Anitrosa , Kumar P. Dinesh 
Published: April 2024

A field experiment was conducted during the Rabi season of 2023-2024 in the farm of Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu to find out an effective weed management system in transplanted paddy under alternate wetting and drying. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with thirteen treatments and two replications.The results showed that at all stages of observations tallest paddy crop was produced in T13 (continuous submergence in paddy field). The height of paddy crop at harvest was 14.3 % more in T13 than in unweeded control under alternate wetting and drying (T12). Highest number of tillers per plant (16.5) were recorded in T8 which received early post emergence application of Bispyribac sodium @ 0.03 kg ai/ha at 15 DAT + roto weeding at 35 DAT. By 90 DAT highest leaf area index was recorded by pre emergence application of Pyrazosulfuron ethyl along with one hand weeding at 35 DAT(T6), early post emergence spray of Bispyribac sodium alone (T7), and Bispyribac sodium with one roto weeding at 35 DAT (T8) and Bispyribac sodium and one hand weeding at 35 DAT (T9). By harvest the dry matter production was the highest in T8 (Bispyribac sodium with one roto weeding at 35 DAT) followed by T9 (Bispyribac sodium with one hand weeding at 35 DAT).Highest production of grains and straw (7362 and 15280 kg ha-1) were also recorded in T8 (early post emergence application of Bispyribac sodium @ 0.03 kg ai/ha at 15 DAT + roto weeding at 35 DAT) closely followed by T9 (early post emergence application of Bispyribac sodium @ 0.03 kg ai/ha at 15 DAT + hand weeding at 35 DAT).
Effects of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium Level on Growth and Floral Attributes of Gladiolus (Gladiolus grandiflorus L.) cv. Nova Lux
Authors: Singh Jyoti , Kumar Jitendra , Silas Vinay Joseph , Negi Neha , Singh Kaushal , Quatadah Syed Mohd 
Published: April 2024

Gladiolus (Gladiolus grandiflorus L.) is a networthy flower crop within India. The crop's growth and flowering have been notably impacted by the prevailing climate and agro-climatic conditions of the region, resulting in decreased yield and productivity. One of the main contributing factors is the absence of fertiliser recommendations tailored to specific locations, among other factors. Thus, a field experiments were conducted for two consecutive seasons during 2020-2021 & 2021–2022. A field study was carried out at the Horticulture Research Farm, Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Allied Industries, Rama University, Kanpur (U.P.). The experiment used a Randomized Block Design with 13 treatments and three replications of different levels of N, P2O5 and K2O. The experiment's major goals were to assess the effects of N, P2O5 and K2O on growth and floral attributes of Gladiolus (Gladiolus grandiflorus L.) cv. Nova Lux. According to the results of the current study, Treatment T11 (NPK @150:100:120) had the best effects on growth attributes like Days to 50% sprouting [8.65 (2020-21), 8.69 (2021-22) and 8.67 (Pooled)] days, Plant height [77.87 (2020-21), 80.57 (2021-22) and 79.22 (Pooled)] cm at harvest, Number of leaves per plant [8.77 (2020-21), 8.95 (2021-22) and 8.86 (Pooled)] at harvest & Days to emergence of spike [71.45 (2020-21), 71.21 (2021-22) and 71.33 (Pooled)] days. It also had significant effects on flowering attributes like Flowering duration [16.80 (2020-21), 16.92 (2021-22) and 16.86 (Pooled)] days, Length of spike [87.35 (2020-21), 87.79 (2021-22) and 87.57 (Pooled)] cm, Days taken for first floret opening [109.95 (2020-21), 110.25 (2021-22) and 110.10 (Pooled)] days, Length of florets [9.87 (2020-21), 9.93 (2021-22) and 9.90 (Pooled)] cm, Diameter of florets [7.78 (2020-21), 7.87 (2021-22) and 7.83 (Pooled)] cm & Number of florets opened at a time (125 DAP) i.e., [5.67 (2020-21), 5.71 (2021-22) and 5.69 (Pooled)].
Antibiotic Resistance Profiles of Bacteria Isolated from Patients Hospitalized at the Sylvanus Olympio University Teaching Hospital in Lomé, Togo
Authors: Dossim Sika , Bawe Lidaw D. , Dossouvi Komla M. , Maba Détèma , Lawani Abdoul-Aziz , Godonou Amivi M. , Tchedie Essokedi , Salou Mounerou , Dagnra Anoumou Y. , Prince-David Mireille 
Published: April 2024

Aims: Bacteria isolated from hospitalized patients are often responsible for healthcare-associated infections (HAI), particularly in developing countries. Thus, this study aimed to determine the antibiotic resistance profiles of bacteria isolated from patients hospitalized at the Sylvanus Olympio University Teaching Hospital (CHUSO) in Lomé, Togo.
Study Design: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study carried out on laboratory data collected from January 1, 2018, to December 31, 2019.
Methodology: The Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method was used for antibiotic susceptibility testing and the results were interpreted according to the guidelines of the Antibiogram Committee of the French Society of Microbiology (CA-SFM, 2018).
Results: A total of 639 samples were collected, including mainly pus (n = 339; 53.1%) and urine (n = 260; 40.7%). The samples were mainly from pediatrics (n=107; 16.7%), intensive care units (n=73; 11.4%) and surgical emergencies (n=72; 11.3%). A total of 698 bacteria were isolated, including mainly Escherichia coli (n=247, 35.4%), Staphylococcus aureus (n=123, 17.6%), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (n=114, 16.3%). Enterobacteriaceae strains were resistant to almost all antibiotics tested, except amikacin and ertapenem, which had respective resistance rates of 2.8% and 8.4%. None of the P. aeruginosa strains were resistant to piperacillin-tazobactam. whereas 37.9% were resistant to imipenem. Among A. baumannii strains, 4.2% and 22.9% were respectively resistant to amikacin and imipenem, whereas 56.3% were resistant to levofloxacin. Almost all S. aureus strains (99.2%) were resistant to penicillin, whereas only 2.4% were resistant to rifampicin. Of the 698 bacteria isolated, the prevalence of multidrug-resistant bacteria (MDR) was 41.3% (n = 288), whereas the prevalence of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae was 51.3% (201/392).
Conclusion: We reported various resistance profiles of bacterial species isolated from hospitalized patients at the CHU Sylvanus Olympio, Lomé, Togo. The study of bacterial ecology and resistance in every prefectural, regional, and university teaching hospital would be of great importance to reduce mortality associated with hospital-acquired infections throughout the Togolese territory.
Origin of Enantioselectivity in the Organocatalytic Reductive Amination of α‐Branched Aldehydes
Authors: Marcelli Tommaso , Hammar Peter , Himo Fahmi 
Published: March 2009

Abstractmagnified imageThe reason for enantioselectivity in the reductive amination of α‐branched aldehydes was investigated. The relative energies of all the diastereomeric transition states for hydride transfer of a suitable computational model were calculated at the B3LYP/6‐311+G(2d,2p) level of theory. Our calculations successfully reproduce and rationalize the experimentally observed stereochemical outcome of the reaction.
Highly Efficient Cyanosilylation of Sterically Bulky Ketones Catalyzed by Tin Ion‐Exchanged Montmorillonite
Authors: Wang Jiacheng , Masui Yoichi , Watanabe Kenya , Onaka Makoto 
Published: March 2009

Abstractmagnified imageTin ion‐exchanged montmorillonite (Sn‐Mont) was found to be a powerful catalyst for the cyanosilylation of aromatic and aliphatic ketones having a carbonyl group in sterically congested circumstances with cyanotrimethylsilane, giving the corresponding cyanohydrin trimethylsilyl ethers in excellent yields.
Direct Aerosol Synthesis of Large‐Pore Amorphous Mesostructured Aluminosilicates with Superior Acid‐Catalytic Properties
Authors: Pega Stéphanie , Boissière Cédric , Grosso David , Azaïs Thierry , Chaumonnot Alexandra , Sanchez Clément 
Published: March 2009

AbstractKatalysatoren en masse: Eine direkte und umweltverträgliche Synthesestrategie für die Aerosol‐basierte Massenproduktion großporiger mesostrukturierter Alumosilicatpulver wurde entwickelt (siehe TEM‐Bild). Obgleich amorph, zeigen einige Pulver eine höhere Aktivität für die Isomerisierung von m‐Xylol sowie eine geringere Koksbildung als ein industrieller Y‐Zeolith‐Referenzkatalysator.magnified image
Single‐Scan 2D Hadamard NMR Spectroscopy
Authors: Tal Assaf , Shapira Boaz , Frydman Lucio 
Published: March 2009

AbstractEin Scan und fertig: Durch Kombination von spektralen/räumlichen 2D‐Radiofrequenzmanipulationen (siehe Schema, links) mit Hadamard‐Wichtungsprinzipien wurden 2D‐NMR‐Spektren in einem einzigen Scan erhalten (rechts). Dieser Ansatz liefert Homo‐ oder Heterokernkorrelationen mit höherer Empfindlichkeit als die üblichen Methoden der schnellen 2D‐NMR‐Spektroskopie.magnified image
Conformationally Homogeneous Heterocyclic Pseudotetrapeptides as Three‐Dimensional Scaffolds for Rational Drug Design: Receptor‐Selective Somatostatin Analogues
Authors: Beierle John M. , Horne W. Seth , van Maarseveen Jan H. , Waser Beatrice , Reubi Jean Claude , Ghadiri M. Reza 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA would‐be amide: A 1,4‐disubstituted 1,2,3‐triazole was used as a surrogate for a trans amide bond to create a library of 16 diastereomeric pseudotetrapeptides as β‐turn mimetics. High‐resolution structural analysis indicated that these scaffolds adopt distinct, rigid, conformationally homogeneous β‐turn‐like structures (see example), some of which bind somatostatin receptor subtypes selectively, and some of which show broad‐spectrum activity.magnified image
The development of decision‐making capacities in children and adolescents: Psychological and neurological perspectives and their implications for juvenile defendants
Authors: Kambam Praveen , Thompson Christopher 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe development of decision‐making capacities in children and adolescents has been a topic of interest for hundreds, if not thousands, of years. Questions regarding the development of decision‐making capacities (and moral reasoning) of youth frequently arise in juvenile justice settings, other forensic settings, and sometimes in treatment settings. This article attempts to review the latest and most relevant research on the development of decision‐making capacities likely to be relevant in children and adolescents who are defendants. We distinguish cognition versus judgment in decision‐making and briefly review adolescent decision‐making in laboratory and real world conditions. We review a theoretical framework of two different systems, a cognitive‐control system and socio‐emotional system, and potentially correlated neurobiological and psychological findings. Implications for selected aspects of the juvenile adjudicative process are discussed. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identification of a Pentaketide Stilbene Produced by a Type III Polyketide Synthase from Pinus sylvestris and Characterisation of Free Coenzyme A Intermediates
Authors: Li Tsung‐Lin , Spiteller Dieter , Spencer Jonathan B. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractBy miscounting the number of malonyl‐CoA condensations, the stilbene synthase (STS) from Pinus sylvestris forms the previously unknown pentaketide, 2‐malonylresveratrol, in addition to the expected tetraketide resveratrol (see scheme). This is the first time that such tetra‐ and pentaketide‐CoA derivatives have been observed; this suggests that these products might be free intermediates in the biosynthesis of stilbenes.magnified imageThe stilbene synthase (STS) from Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris), which is a type III polyketide synthase, produces the well known tetraketide resveratrol from coumaroyl‐CoA and three molecules of malonyl‐CoA. The same stilbene synthase, however, also generates the previously unknown pentaketide 2‐malonylresveratrol from coumaroyl‐CoA and four molecules of malonyl‐CoA; this indicates that the enzyme does not precisely control the number of condensations leading to diverse products. Tetraketide‐ and pentaketide‐CoA intermediates of the STS were identified by LC‐MS/MS; this suggests that CoA‐bound polyketide intermediates are involved in the product formation of type III polyketide synthases.
Optimal Design of Experiments for Parameter Identification of Ceramic Porous Membranes
Authors: Zhang F. , Mangold M. , Kienle A. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractSix different experimental schemes for mass transfer through porous membranes are compared for the efficiency with respect to parameter identification, namely dynamic single‐gas permeation, dynamic multi‐gas permeation, steady‐state single‐gas permeation, steady‐state multi‐gas permeation, transient diffusion, and isobaric diffusion experiments. The comparison is made under optimal experimental conditions, which are obtained from optimal experimental design (OED) based on the Fisher information matrix. The covariance matrix of the parameters for each experimental scheme is estimated by the Cramér‐Rao lower bound. To solve the optimization problems, a hybrid optimizer which combines a genetic algorithm and a gradient‐based algorithm is used.
Hydrogen‐Atom Transfer in Reactions of Organic Radicals with [CoII(por)]. (por=Porphyrinato) and in Subsequent Addition of [Co(H)(por)] to Olefins
Authors: de Bruin Bas , Dzik Wojciech I. , Li Shan , Wayland Bradford B. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractDo the hydrogen shuffle! DFT calculations and experiments reveal low‐barrier multistep pathways for hydrogen‐atom transfer from organic radicals to [CoII(por)]. to form [Co(H)(por)], and for the radical pathway leading to net olefin insertion into the CoH bond of [Co(H)(por)] (see scheme). The results suggest that hydrogen‐atom‐transfer pathways could be important in numerous addition reactions of MH complexes with unsaturated substrates.magnified imageThe mechanisms for hydrogen‐atom transfer from the cyanoisopropyl radical .C(CH3)2CN to [CoII(por)]. (yielding [CoIII(H)(por)] and CH2C(CH3)(CN); por=porphyrinato) and the insertion of vinyl acetate (CH2CHOAc) into the CoH bond of [Co(H)(por)] (giving [CoIII{CH(OAc)CH3}(por)]) were investigated by DFT calculations. The results are compared with experimental data. These reactions are relevant to catalytic chain transfer (CCT) in radical polymerization of olefins mediated by [CoII(por)]., the formation and homolysis of organo‐cobalt complexes that mediate living radical polymerization of vinyl acetate, and cobalt‐mediated hydrogenation of olefins. Hydrogen transfer from .C(CH3)2CN to [CoII(por)]. proceeds via a single transition state that has structural features resembling the products [Co(H)(por)] and CH2C(CH3)CN. The separated radicals approach to form a close‐contact radical pair and then pass through the transition state for hydrogen‐atom transfer to form [CoIII(H)(por)] and CH2C(CH3)CN. This process provides a very low overall barrier for the hydrogen‐atom transfer reaction (ΔG≠= +3.8 kcal mol−1). The reverse reaction corresponding to the addition of [Co(H)(por)] to CH2C(CH3)CN has a low barrier (ΔG≠=+8.9 kcal mol−1) as well. Insertion of vinyl acetate into the CoH bond of [CoIII(H)(por)] also proceeds over a low barrier (ΔG≠= +11.4 kcal mol−1) hydrogen‐transfer step from [CoIII(H)(por)] to a carbon atom of the alkene to produce a close‐contact radical pair. Dissociation of the radical pair, reorientation, and radical–radical coupling to form an organo‐cobalt complex are the culminating steps in the net insertion of an olefin into the CoH bond. The computed energies obtained for the hydrogen‐atom transfer reactions from .C(CH3)2CN to [CoII(por)]. and from [Co(H)(por)] to olefins, as well as the organo‐cobalt bond homolysis energies correspond well with the experimental observations. The mechanism of alkene insertion into the CoH bond of [CoIII(H)(por)] is of general interest, because the species does not contain any cis‐vacant sites to the hydride and the usual migratory insertion pathway is not available. The low barrier predicted here for the multistep insertion process suggests that (depending on the bond strengths) even for systems that do have a cis‐vacant site, the radical‐type insertion might compete with classical migratory insertion.
Structure–Activity Relationships of SSAO/VAP‐1 Arylalkylamine‐Based Substrates
Authors: Yraola Francesc , Zorzano Antonio , Albericio Fernando , Royo Miriam 
Published: March 2009

AbstractSSAO/VAP‐1 substratesmay be valuable for the treatment or prevention of diabetes mellitus, as they show insulin‐mimetic properties. This review highlights the importance of studying the relevant steric and electronic features in the development of new ligands with better SSAO/VAP‐1 recognition, enhanced selectivity over other amine oxidases, and improved metabolic behavior.magnified imageSemicarbazide‐sensitive amine oxidase/vascular adhesion protein‐1 (SSAO/VAP‐1) substrates show insulin‐mimetic effects and are therefore potentially valuable molecules for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Herein we review several structural and electronic aspects of SSAO arylalkylamine‐based substrates. Two main modifications directly affect amine oxidase (AO) activity: 1) variation in ring substitution modulates the biological activity of the arylalkylamine ligand by converting a substrate into a substrate‐like inhibitor, and 2) variation in the number of methylene units between the aromatic ring and the ammonium groups of the arylalkylamine substrates dramatically alters the oxidation rate between species. Furthermore, we review relevant information about mammalian SSAO/VAP‐1 substrate selectivity and specificity over monoamine oxidases (MAOs).
Synthesis and Pharmacological Activity of a Potent Inhibitor of the Biosynthesis of the Endocannabinoid 2‐Arachidonoylglycerol
Authors: Bisogno Tiziana , Burston James J. , Rai Ravi , Allarà Marco , Saha Bijali , Mahadevan Anu , Razdan Raj K. , Wiley Jenny L. , Di Marzo Vincenzo 
Published: March 2009

AbstractBiosynthesis Inhibition: O‐5596, a new inhibitor of the biosynthesis of the endocannabinoid, 2‐arachidonoylglycerol, was synthesized and found to be potent (IC50=100 nM) and selective versus other proteins and enzymes of the endocannabinoid system in vitro and active in vivo at reducing food intake in mice.magnified image
Electron Transfer from Photoexcited TiO2 to Chelating Alizarin Molecules: Reversible Photochromic Effect in Alizarin@TiO2 under UV Irradiation
Authors: Di Iorio Yesica , Brusa Marta A. , Feldhoff A. , Grela María A. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractReduction of alizarin molecules coupled to TiO2 nanoparticles occurs on UV irradiation in the presence of a sacrificial electron donor. Reduction is mediated by conduction‐band electrons and yields a 1,2,9,10‐tetrahydroxyanthracene species which remains coupled to the TiO2 nanoparticles (see figure). The process can be reversed by addition of an acceptor (i.e. oxygen).magnified imageReduction of alizarin molecules coupled to TiO2 nanoparticles (A@TiO2) occurs on UV irradiation in the presence of a sacrificial electron donor. Evidence is presented that reduction is mediated by conduction‐band electrons and yields a 1,2,9,10‐tetrahydroxyanthracene species which remains coupled to the TiO2 nanoparticles. The spectrum of the reduced complex displays two overlapping broad bands centred at 480 and 650 nm which can harvest visible photons besides 900 nm, in agreement with theoretical predictions by TDDFT. The potential relevance of the dual‐redox behaviour of strongly TiO2 coupled anthraquinone dyes in the field of photocatalysis and in connection with their utilization in the development of dye‐sensitized TiO2 solar cells is briefly discussed.
Synthesis and Structural Features of Rhodium Complexes of Expanded Ring N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes
Authors: Iglesias Manuel , Beetstra Dirk J. , Kariuki Benson , Cavell Kingsley J. , Dervisi Athanasia , Fallis Ian A. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe rhodium complexes [Rh(NHC)(COD)Cl] and cis‐[Rh(NHC)(CO)2Cl] of seven‐membered N‐heterocyclic carbenes (NHC) bearing aromatic N‐substituents (mesityl, xylyl and o‐tolyl) were synthesised, and a comparison of their steric and electronic properties with those of the analogous five‐ and six‐membered NHC complexes was made on the basis of infrared and solid‐state data. The X‐ray structures for the complexes Rh(6‐Mes)(COD)Cl, Rh(7‐Mes)(COD)Cl and Rh(7‐oTol)(COD)Cl were determined.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Distance phenomena in high‐dimensional chemical descriptor spaces: Consequences for similarity‐based approaches
Authors: Rupp Matthias , Schneider Petra , Schneider Gisbert 
Published: March 2009

AbstractMeasuring the (dis)similarity of molecules is important for many cheminformatics applications like compound ranking, clustering, and property prediction. In this work, we focus on real‐valued vector representations of molecules (as opposed to the binary spaces of fingerprints). We demonstrate the influence which the choice of (dis)similarity measure can have on results, and provide recommendations for such choices. We review the mathematical concepts used to measure (dis)similarity in vector spaces, namely norms, metrics, inner products, and, similarity coefficients, as well as the relationships between them, employing (dis)similarity measures commonly used in cheminformatics as examples. We present several phenomena (empty space phenomenon, sphere volume related phenomena, distance concentration) in high‐dimensional descriptor spaces which are not encountered in two and three dimensions. These phenomena are theoretically characterized and illustrated on both artificial and real (bioactivity) data. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2009