bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vegetation Control for Douglas-Fir Regeneration on the Siuslaw National Forest: A Decision Analysis
Authors: Knapp Walter H. , Turpin Thomas C. , Beuter John H. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Records from 324 plantations on the Siuslaw National Forest of western Oregon were used to develop stocking outcomes from various methods of controlling competing vegetation before and after trees were placated. A decision-tree analysis indicated that if no site preparation or release were practiced, the forest as a whole would develop 63 percent of the mean annual increment and 35 percent of the present net worth expected if all means for chemical and manual vegetation control were available and used. With only manual means of vegetation control available (no chemicals), the expected values would be 78 and 57 percent, respectively. Where all means except phenoxy herbicides were available, the expected MAI and PNW were reduced only slightly. These values varied with the type of prelogging vegetation and aspect: declines were least on southwest aspects with predominantly conifers before logging and greatest on northeast aspects that had supported hardwoods. In all strata, however, a restriction against phenoxy herbicides had mirror effect. The results of this case study may or may not apply elsewhere, but the method of analysis should be useful.
High-Altitude Photography for Inventories of Mountain Pine Beetle Damage
Authors: Eav Bov B. , Dillman Robert D. , White William B. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
High-altitude panoramic color infrared photography was used to assess a mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae) infestation in ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) stands on 12 million acres of the Front Range of Colorado. Subsequently an in-place inventory was performed with the photography and ground sample data. The total number of trees killed in the Front Range was estimated to be 80,000, with a standard error of 15.7 percent. The cost for this survey was one cent per acre. With the same high-altitude photography, an in-place survey of a smaller area within the Front Range estimated 6,600 trees killed; the standard error was 4.7 percent. This survey cost two cents per acre.
Is the Pine Wood Nematode an Important Pathogen in the United States?
Authors: Wingfield Michael J. , Blanchette Robert A. , Nicholls Thomas H. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, causes a serious disease of native pines in Japan. The nematode was recently identified as a pathogen in the United States, and pathologists have speculated that it may threaten forests here. Its ability to kill native North American pines growing in forests has not been established, but evidence suggests that it kills exotic pines (Scotch pine, Pinus sylvestris, and Japanese black pine, P. thunbergii) in this country. Insect vectors transmit the nematode to cut timber and dying trees during vector oviposition. Thus the nematode can be present in dying trees without being the primary cause of death. Transmission during oviposition may explain its recent association with stressed trees in the United States.
Public Support for Fire-Management Policies
Authors: Cortner Hanna J. , Zwolinski Malcolm J. , Carpenter Edwin H. , Taylor Jonathan G. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Members of the general public sampled in Tucson, Arizona, recognize that fire in forests can be both beneficial and detrimental. Public acceptance and understanding of the purposes and benefits of fire management are high, and additional fire knowledge increases tolerance for fire. While entirely new approaches to fire education do not appear necessary, existing approaches could benefit from modifications that directly address several public concerns. To be most effective, public education should be directed to local forest conditions as well as to local knowledge and acceptance of fire management.
The Productivity and Profitability of Fiber Farming
Authors: Yin Runsheng , Pienaar Leon V. , Aronow Mary Ellen 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Standard site preparation for pine plantations in south Georgia was combined with fertilization, bedding, and herbicide treatments. These intensified silvicultural practices can boost volume by 128 percent and the rate of return by 12 percent. Combining the growth-and-yield data with a forest-level analytic framework shows the cost structure of timber production and its intra- and inter-regime changes. The high yields possible from fiber farming could allow changes in land use, from timber production to other uses, while maintaining supplies of low-cost fiber.
The Fallingsnow Ecosystem Project: Documenting the Consequences of Conifer Release Alternatives
Authors: Lautenschlager R. A. , Bell F. Wayne , Wagner Robert G. , Reynolds Phillip E. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The Fallingsnow Ecosystem Project is documenting the terrestrial ecological consequences of alternative conifer release treatments. Although long-term responses are unknown, results to date indicate that cutting and herbicide treatments are relatively inconsequential for most environmental components found in regenerating northern forests, including soil nutrients and species richness of vegetation, insects, gastropods, amphibians and reptiles, songbirds, and small mammals. Still, given the growing opposition to herbicide use in forestry, managers must expect that social input into natural resource management will become more common, if not required.
A Social Marketing Approach to Landowner Education
Authors: Tyson C. Benjamin , Broderick Stephen H. , Snyder Leslie B. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This article identifies factors that influence the intentions of nonindustrial private forest owners to prepare forest stewardship plans, based on survey research conducted in south central Connecticut. Social marketing principles guided research procedures. Findings allow construction of a casual model that diagrams forest owners' motivations to do forest stewardship planning. Social marketing also helps researchers segment the population so that a communications strategy to reach priority audiences can be developed.
Uneven-Aged Silviculture, Southern Style
Authors: Guldin James M. , Baker James B. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Data spanning 60 years on uneven-aged loblolly-shortleaf pine stands in Arkansas show that two regulation methods have been successful in regulating stand development. Key attributes of these methods are that regulation is more important than balance, residual basal area drives stand development, and regeneration is the first indicator of sustainability. Marking uneven-aged stands is best kept simple: mark to cut the poorest trees and leave the best, regardless of target structure or method of regeneration. To be successful in the long term, new methods of regulating uneven-aged and multiaged stands should share these attributes.
Maintaining Species Diversity in the Central Appalachians
Authors: Miller Gary W. , Kochenderfer James N. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Maintaining species diversity is the key to sustaining production of desired benefits in central Appalachian forest. Long-term research indicates that traditional uneven-aged silviculture based on single-tree selection eventually reduces the abundance of certain species, but desirable species composition can be maintained in two-aged stands or in uneven-aged stands where sizable canopy openings are created. In both situations, silvicultural treatments are needed to prepare for desirable reproduction before harvest operations. The increased application of two-aged systems in the central Appalachians is an example of how silvicultural strategies can evolve in response to emerging management goals.
"Selective Cutting" in Douglas-Fir: History Revisited
Authors: Curtis Robert O. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In the 1930s 'selective cutting' was practiced in old-growth Douglas-fir; in the 1950s the experiment was pronounced a failure. In fact, the original concept was not an individual tree selection system; it called for regeneration in small clearcut patches and resembled some current proposals. Flexible application might well have been successful, but as it was practiced, removals were limited to large Douglas-fir, very old stands deteriorated after disturbance, and small openings did not allow Douglas-fir regeneration. As a result, partial cutting trials came to an abrupt end, and the consequent lack of research into alternatives to clearcutting severely handicaps current efforts to meet changing objectives and public concerns.
Landowners' Educational Needs and How Foresters Can Respond
Authors: Kuhns Michael R. , Brunson Mark W. , Roberts Scott D. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
A study of nonindustrial private forest land-owners in Utah and Indiana -- states with different ownership characteristics and numbers -- reveals that direct, simple, flexible educational methods like newsletters and personal assistance are preferred over work-shops and high-tech methods. Landowners with large parcels tend to know more about forestry, but the increasing fragmentation of forestland and the diversity of forest land-owners mean that foresters must fit the message to new and different audiences. Because timber production is not important to many landowners, stewardship programs should address the benefits that people do derive from their land.
National Recreation Trails: A Forgotten Designation
Authors: Chavez Deborah J. , Harding James A. , Tynon Joanne F. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
What value does federal designation add to open space resources that are not all federally owned and managed? Over the years the federal government, under the auspices of the National Park Service and USDA Forest Service, has designated trails across the United States as National Recreation Trails. A survey of federal, nonfederal public, and private National Recreation Trail managers indicated that few knew they maintained a federally designated trail. As a result, the managers could not use the designation to help them manage the trails. The time is right to revitalize this system.
Sustainable Forestry Initiative: Toward a Higher Standard
Authors: Berg Scott , Cantrell Rick 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The AF&PA Sustainable Forestry Initiative (SFI) has been substantially improved in 1999. The program has been reformatted as a formal standard, and now offers a licensing program for nonmembers and a voluntary verification process through which AF&PA members and SFI licensees can be third-party verified to the standard. The ISO Technical Report on Forestry (ISO/TR 14061) outlines how foresters can incorporate performance-based standards, such as the SFI, into their ISO 14001 environmental management system policy, objectives, and targets.
Annual Forest Inventory: Cornerstone of Sustainability in the South
Authors: Reams Gregory A. , Roesch Francis A. , Cost Noel D. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
With many competing uses and large regional shifts in forestland use, the sustainability of southern forests is being questioned. The new Southern Annual Forest Inventory System (SAFIS) is being implemented to address regional, state, and national questions regarding past, current, and projected changes in the southern forest. The annual inventory system will provide the information needed to closely monitor and quantify the landscape dynamics of southern forests. These annual inventory data will form the basis of state, regional, and national forest sustainability assessments.
Improving Forest Inventories: Three Ways to Incorporate Auxiliary Information
Authors: Robinson Andrew P. , Hamlin David C. , Fairweather Stephen E. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Precise estimates of standing inventory often are needed in a very short time; for example, in appraisal situations for acquisitions and divestitures. Opportunities to integrate auxiliary information into forest stand inventory are considerable, and the potential benefits are very attractive. This article presents three popular techniques for incorporating auxiliary information into forest inventory: list sampling, stratification, and Poisson sampling.
Forest Certification: The View from Europe's NIPFs
Authors: Lindström Tommy , Hansen Eric , Juslin Heikki 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Despite different backgrounds and cultures, British and Finnish landowners hold remarkably similar opinions regarding forest certification. They are unsure of certification's potential benefits, either economic or ecological, and few would find participation attractive. Owners of large forest estates consider certification a threat; owners of smaller properties are less economically dependent on forestry and may see in certification a way to improve the state of their forests. If market forces eventually require large-scale certification, the needs and preferences of private forest landowners must be taken into consideration to ensure their participation.
Income Tax Considerations for Forest Landowners in the South: A Case Study on Tax Planning
Authors: Bailey Philip D. , Haney Harry L. , Callihan Debra S. , Greene John L. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Federal and state income taxes are calculated for hypothetical owners of nonindustrial private forests (NIPF) across 14 southern states to illustrate the effects of differential state tax treatment. The income tax liability is calculated in a year in which the timber owners harvest $200,000 worth of timber. After-tax land expectation values for a forest landowner are also calculated to illustrate the effects of tax planning on returns to a timber investment over time. Landowners who fail to take advantage of the many tax provisions can lose a third or more of their timberland revenues to income taxes.
Good News for Wildlife and Ecological Sustainability
Authors: Munson Mary A. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The Committee of Scientists' report supports the contention that protecting biodiversity is vital to stewardship of our national forests. It offers an innovative, science-based approach for protecting structures, processes, and conditions to sustain wildlife and ecosystems. The panel missed opportunities to address protection of roadless areas and to call for clear implementation standards. The major challenges ahead are for the Forest Service to produce clear standards for ecosystem integrity and species viability and to establish objective methods of determining whether the standards are being met.
Sustaining the People's Lands -- Recommendations for Stewardship of the National Forests and Grasslands into the Next Century
Authors: Johnson K. Norman , Agee James , Beschta Robert , Dale Virginia , Hardesty Linda , Long James , Nielsen Larry , Noon Barry , Sedjo Roger , Shannon Margaret , Trosper Ronald , Wilkinson Charles , Wondolleck Julia 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In December 1997, Secretary of Agriculture Dan Glickman convened an interdisciplinary committee of 13 scientists to provide scientific and technical advice on the Forest Service's land and resource management planning process. The committee was asked to recommend how best to accomplish resource planning within the existing environmental laws and statutory mission of the Forest Service; to provide technical advice on planning and provide material for the agency to consider in revising planning regulations; to recommend improvements in coordination with other federal agencies, state and local government agencies, and tribal governments; and to suggest a new planning framework that could last a generation. The committee took field trips and met in cities and towns around the country to hear from Forest Service employees, representatives of tribes, state and local governments, related federal natural resource agencies, and members of the public. Drawing on many of the approaches and improvements to planning it observed, the committee has made its recommendations.
Designing Spotted Owl Habitat in a Managed Forest
Authors: Hicks Lorin L. , Stabins Henning C. , Herter Dale R. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The perception that old-growth alone provides habitat for the northern spotted owl both contributed to its listing as a threatened species and may have hampered recovery efforts by targeting management solutions at old-growth forests. New information suggests that young forests can contribute to conservation efforts for the species. Observations of daytime roost sites in young forests, selectively harvested stands, and precommercially thinned stands suggest that the structural diversity spotted owls need may be provided by design in western Washington's western hemlock-Douglas-fir managed forests. Adaptive management will verify the effectiveness of designs and management options in spotted owl habitat.
A Contested Past: Forestry Education in the United States, 1898-1998
Authors: Miller Char , Lewis James G. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Many of today's arguments about forestry education proceed on the assumption that the past was glorious, the present is bleak, the future is doomed. In fact, foresters have disagreed about the proper balance between academic and practical training since the days of Bernhard Fernow, Gifford Pinchot, and Carl Schenck. The two main option for education--depth in technical forestry and breadth in natural resource management--reflect equally old, and fundamentally opposing, views of forestry and the profession's place in society.
Book Review: Recent Books on Forest History
Authors: Miller C. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Reviews of Walt Perry: An Early-Day Forest Ranger in New Mexico and Oregon, edited by Les Joslin; “I'll Never Fight Fire with My Bare Hands Again”: Recollections of the First Forest Rangers of the Inland Northwest, edited by Hal K. Rothman; Co-Operative Dreams: A history of the Kaweah Colony by Jay O'Connell; and New England Forests through Time: Insights from the Harvard Forest Dioramas.
Environmental Certification: Informing Consumers about Forest Products
Authors: Teisl Mario F. , Roe Brian 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The justification for environmental labeling of forest products appears simple: Labeling can match consumers wishing to buy products from forests managed in an environmentally acceptable fashion with forest owners willing to supply these products. But for labeling to work, consumers must understand, believe, and care about the information presented. This article presents the communication issues that may affect development of a market for environmentally improved forestry practices. The aim is to highlight potential questions surrounding forest product certification, from a vantage point provided by consumer research.
Forest Fragmentation: Implications for Sustainable Private Forests
Authors: Sampson Neil , DeCoster Lester 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The long-term trend for private forests in the United States is that of more people owning smaller pieces of wooded land for amenity values. This trend shows no sign of slowing, and indications are that it may be speeding up. The fragmenting of forests into smaller pieces appears to be driven by powerful social and demographic forces that consistently undertax and overserve developed areas, while overtaxing and underserving traditional rural land uses, such as forestry.
Landscape Change in the Midwest: An Integrated Research and Development Program
Authors: Gobster Paul H. , Haight Robert G. , Shriner Dave 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Contemporary patterns of landownership and development are changing the landscape of urban, suburban, and rural areas, fragmenting the forest resource base and raising concerns among a range of stakeholders. A new Landscape Change Integrated Research and Development Program of the USDA Forest Service. North Central Research Station, is examining the character, causes, and effects of these changes as well as the effectiveness of strategies aimed at stemming the negative consequences of landscape change.
Remote Sensing Education: An Updated Survey
Authors: Sader Steven A. , Vermillion Stephanie 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
A survey of remote sensing education in US and Canadian forestry schools, sponsored by the Society of American Foresters Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing Working Group, was conducted in late 1998. The objective of the survey was to document the current status of undergraduate training in remote sensing at SAF-accredited forestry schools and compare the data with those from a nearly identical survey conducted 10 years earlier. The results reveal a slight decline in aerial photo training, offset by an apparent increase in emphasis on geographic information systems.
Remote Sensing and Forestry: Collaborative Implementation for a New Century of Forest Information Solutions
Authors: Bergen Kathleen , Colwell John , Sapio Frank 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This overview of the potential challenges and advantages in integrating remote sensing into forest information systems provides a context for subsequent articles in this issue. We first survey the status of and new developments in remote sensing programs. Next we discuss the appropriate role of remote sensing in forestry and explore the idea of collaborative implementation, stressing the professional responsibility that the remote sensing community has to the partnership. We then describe collaborative opportunities to use remote sensing to help provide the best possible forest information. We close with brief introductions to other articles in this special issue.
Using Hyperspectral Data to Assess Forest Structure
Authors: Ustin Susan L. , Trabucco Antonio 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
More accurate maps of forest composition will result from the new hyperspectral instruments, which read the abundance and distribution of woody biomass and standing litter by picking up slight variations in pigment, water content, and soil properties. Such information allows direct inferences about physical processes rather than requiring managers to make statistical associations. Although more difficult to analyze and interpret than multispectral images, these data will raise the level of accuracy for making forest management decisions.
Field Applications for Statistical Data and Techniques
Authors: Oderwald Richard G. , Wynne Randolph H. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Remote sensing technologies have tremendous potential for day-to-day field use, but on-the-ground foresters have thus far not been able to embrace them. One reason is that field foresters require information, not images, and that information must be applicable for small timber sales and management units. To make the technology useful, remote sensing specialists need to develop "turnkey" programs that ask what results are needed and then access the necessary images, suggest ground sampling strategies and measurements, apply the appropriate algorithms, and report results.
Personal Values & Professional Ethics
Authors: Kipnis Kenneth , South David B. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The Society of American Foresters has, proposed another revision of the Society's Code of Ethics. Changing a profession's code of conduct might cause considerable controversy. Some will support the current wording and oppose change, and others will see great merit in the new wording. Regardless, what we need is a code that articulates the core professional values of all foresters. A first step, then, is distinguishing our personal values from the core values of forestry.