bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A trial of 13-cis-retinoic acid for treatment of squamous cell carcinoma and preneoplastic lesions of the head in cats
Authors: Evans Anne G. , Madewell Bruce R. , Stannard Anthony A. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Ten cats with a total of 15 cancerous or precancerous lesions were examined for clinical response to and histopathologic changes after treatment with 13-cis-retinoic acid. Before treatment was started, the lesions were graded according to clinical severity and biopsied for histopathologic examination. Serum samples were prepared for determining vitamin A concentrations. For comparison, serum vitamin A concentrations in 10 clinically healthy cats were determined. 13-cis-Retinoic acid (approx 3.0 mg/kg) was given to affected cats once a day for an average of 68 days. At the completion of the therapeutic trial, additional biopsy tissues were obtained for histopathologic examination, and serum was assayed for 13-cis-retinoic acid. Of the 15 lesions examined, only 1 showed partial clinical and microscopic improvement during the therapy period. The mean serum vitamin A concentration of the affected cats was not statistically different from that of the 10 healthy cats.
The results of this trial indicated that 13-cis-retinoic acid used at this dosage, daily frequency, and duration did not have therapeutic efficacy for squamous cell carcinomas or preneoplastic lesions in the cat and that the mean serum vitamin A concentration did not differ between the affected cats and clinically healthy cats.
Antibodies to Borrelia burgdorferi in New England horses: Serologic survey
Authors: Marcus L. C. , Patterson M. M. , Gilfillan R. E. , Urband P. H. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Twelve of 50 randomly selected horses from areas endemic for Borrelia burgdorferi had indirect fluorescent antibody titers of 1:8 to 1:2,048 against B burgdorferi. One of 50 horses from nonendemic areas had a titer of 1:8. This difference in the number of horses seropositive for B burgdorferi (P < 0.002) and our finding that seropositive horses did not have agglutinating antibodies against potentially cross-reacting Leptospira spp indicated that horses in endemic areas were exposed to B burgdorferi and that the spirochete induced an antibody response in the horses.
Extraction, radioiodination, and in vivo catabolism of equine fibrinogen
Authors: Coyne Cody P. , Hornof William J. , Kelly Andrew B. , O'Brien Timothy R. , DeNardo Sally J. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Equine fibrinogen was isolated and aliquots were stored frozen at — 70 C before radiolabeling with 125I (half-life = 60.2 days; γ = 35 keV), using monochloroiodine reagent. Radioiodination efficiencies were 49% to 53%, resulting in a labeled product, with 98% protein-bound activity and 91% clottable radioactivity. In 6 equine in vivo investigations, plasma half-lives of 125I-labeled fibrinogen were from 4.1 to 5.2 days, corresponding to a mean daily plasma elimination rate of approximately 15%.
Rapid extraction, radioiodination, and in vivo catabolism of 125I-labeled fibrinogen in the horse
Authors: Coyne Cody P. , Hornof William J. , Kelly Andrew B. , O'Brien Timothy R. , DeNardo Sally J. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Two methods were analyzed for the rapid extraction of equine fibrinogen from fresh plasma, using ammonium sulfate-sodium phosphate buffer. Fibrinogen from each of these 2 methods was then radiolabeled with 125I (half-life = 60.2 days, γ = 35 keV), using monochloroiodine reagent. Mean protein-bound activity was 98.5% and mean clottable radioactivity was 94.1%. Radiolabeled fibrinogen administered 15 horses had an overall mean (± sd) plasma half-life of 4.95 ± 0.44 days.
Hybridization on bovine enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli with two heat-stable enterotoxin gene probes
Authors: Mainil Jacques , Bex Françoise , Couturier Martine , Kaeckenbeeck Albert 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Hybridizations were done on bovine enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli with 2 heat-stable (ST) enterotoxin gene probes from porcine and human origin (STp and STh). Of the baby mouse-positive isolates, 56 (53%) hybridized the STp probe and 50 (47%) did not. There was no isolate that hybridized the STh probe. Hybridization with the STp probe was more frequent (P < 0.005) for E coli isolated from calves that died before 2 weeks of age (49 STp-positive isolates of 77 [64%] isolates) than for E coli isolated from calves that died after 2 weeks of age (2 STp-positive of 21 [10%] isolates).
Respiratory syncytial virus infection in transported calves
Authors: Gillette K. G. , Smith P. C. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Nasal swab samples were collected from calves on individual farms in Tennessee and sequentially at an auction barn and at a feedlot to detect respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). In 1976, rsv was isolated from 5 of 225 calves at the auction barn and from 13 of 92 calves examined at the feedlot. Of the 13 isolations, 11 were from calves with acute respiratory tract disease. Most (14/18) calves infected with rsv were also shedding parainfluenza-3 virus in their nasal secretions. Attempts to isolate rsv in the 1977 study were unsuccessful, but there was serologic evidence of rsv infection.
Most calves had serum antibody to rsv when examined initially at the farm or at the auction barn. Approximately 46% (46/99) of calves in the 1976 study and 71% (40/56) of calves in the 1977 study had a ≥ 4-fold increase in serum antibody titer to rsv from auction barn to feedlot sample collection.
Influence of dietary composition on gastric emptying and motility in dogs: Potential involvement in acute gastric dilatation
Authors: Burrows Colin F. , Bright Ronald M. , Spencer Crispin P. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Gastric dilatation-volvulus is a dramatic and life-threatening disease of large-breed dogs. The cause is unknown, but ingestion of dry cereal-based food is frequently incriminated as a predisposing factor. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of commercial diets on gastric motility and emptying in the dog. Four large-breed dogs were fed 3 different diets (diet A = canned meat-based; B = cereal-based with 77% added water; and C = dry cereal-based) in a randomized block design. Each experiment was done in triplicate. Motility was assessed, using 5 AgAgCl electrodes and 2 strain gauges sutured along the serosa of the stomach and proximal duodenum. Dogs were fed at the same time each day and the time to change from the fed to the fasted pattern of gastrointestinal motility (changeover) was measured. Gastric emptying was assessed by recording gastric radioactivity. After feeding a meal mixed with 99mTc-labeled resin, the log of activity was plotted against time, and the half-time of gastric emptying (t1/2 ge) was calculated. Mean (± sem) times from feeding to changeover for the 3 diets were: diet A, 9.7 ± 0.9; B, 10.5 ± 0.4; and C, 11.0 ± 0.8 hours. Diet had minimal influence on the half time of gastric emptying (diet A, 2.2 ± 0.3; B, 2.6 ± 0.4; and C, 2.9 ± 0.3 hours; P > 0.05). The data indicate that gastric motility and emptying in healthy large-breed dogs were not affected by dietary composition. Because most large dogs are fed cereal-based food for reasons of cost and ease of use, these diets may have been wrongly incriminated as a predisposing factor in gastric dilatation-volvulus.
Effects of plasma sample storage on blood ammonia, bilirubin, and urea nitrogen concentrations: Cats and horses
Authors: Ogilvie Gregory K. , Engelking Larry R. , Anwer M. Sawkat 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Ten horses, a pony, and 13 cats were used to evaluate base-line blood ammonia, bilirubin, and urea nitrogen concentrations and to determine the effects of prolonged cold storage (− 20 C) before assay. Base-line plasma ammonia concentrations in cats (0.992 ± 0.083 [se] μg/ml) did not change significantly after 48 hours of storage (0.871 ± 0.073 μg/ml); however, they were increased 4.2- and 13-fold after 168 and 216 hours of storage, respectively. In contrast to base-line plasma-ammonia values in cats, those of horses were significantly (0.265 ± 0.044 μg/ml) lower, and significantly increased from base-line values after 48 hours of storage (0.861 ± 0.094 μg/ml) and continued to increase 25.6-fold at 168 hours and 18.4-fold at 216 hours. Plasma urea nitrogen concentrations in cats (25.8 ± 1.06 mg/dl) and horses (11.2 ± 0.749 mg/dl) did not change significantly during 168 hours of storage. Total plasma bilirubin values from both cats (0.19 ± 0.049 mg/dl) and horses (0.75 ± 0.064 mg/dl) also did not change significantly during storage. These results indicate that feline plasma samples for ammonia determinations may be stored at − 20 C for up to 48 hours, whereas equine plasma-ammonia values tend to increase during that time. The reason for the increase remains unexplained. Both feline and equine plasma urea nitrogen and total bilirubin are stable for at least 168 hours of storage at −20 C.
Pharmacokinetics of a long-acting oxytetracycline preparation in ring-necked pheasants, great horned owls, and Amazon parrots
Authors: Teare J. Andrew , Schwark Wayne S. , Shin Sang J. , Graham David L. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
After a single iv or im dose of a long-acting oxytetracycline (otc) preparation, serum concentrations were determined at various times in the ring-necked pheasant, great horned owl, and Amazon parrot. Pharmacokinetic parameters, including serum half-life (t½) and apparent volume of distribution (Vd) were calculated from the otc concentration-time curves for each species and route of administration. Significant differences (P < 0.05) were found in the t½, and Vd parameters between species and routes of administration.
Dosage regimens to maintain minimum otc concentration of 5 μg/ml of serum were calculated from the t½ and Vd values obtained, using steady-state pharmacokinetics. In the pheasant, the calculated mean IV dose was 23 mg/kg of body weight every 6 hours, whereas the mean IM dose was 43 mg/kg every 24 hours. The mean IM dose was 16 mg/kg every 24 hours for the owl and 58 mg/kg every 24 hours for the parrot.
The small volumes required for treatment, the long-dosing interval obtainable, and the broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity of the long-acting otc preparation studied offered major advantages over other antibiotics commonly used in treating avian species.
Microtechnique for quantitative platelet isolation from blood enabling electronic counting and sizing of animal and human platelets
Authors: Greene Craig E. , Prestwood Annie K. , Clark J. Derrell , Adams D. Daryl 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A technique for rapidly separating platelets from small quantities of whole blood is described. The isolation method allowed for counting and sizing platelets by electronic means, and counts with this new method were closely correlated with those obtained by phase microscopy. Platelet sizing was possible because of the inert and isotonic nature of the density-gradient medium used in the procedure. The technique was applicable to samples of blood from persons, horses, cattle, sheep, goats, pigs, dogs, mice, rats, guinea pigs, and rabbits. The isolation of platelets from whole blood of various species of animals was necessary for electronic counting because of the great variation in sizes of platelets and erythrocytes and the variable sedimentation properties of animal blood.
Plasma concentrations of chloramphenicol in snakes
Authors: Clark Carl H. , Rogers E. D. , Milton J. L. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Plasma chloramphenicol concentrations after a subcutaneous injection were studied in 87 snakes of 16 different species. The biological half-life of chloramphenicol varied from 3.3 hours in the indigo snake (Drymarchon corais couperi) to 22.1 hours in the midland water snake (Nerodia sipedon). A single dosage of 50 mg of chloramphenicol/kg of body weight produced plasma concentrations > 5 μg/ml for nearly 72 hours in 2 species of water snakes (Nerodia erythrogaster, Nerodia sipedon), for 24 hours in the Burmese python (Python molurus bivittatus), and for < 12 hours in the gray rat snake, Indigo snake, and eastern king snake (Elaphe obsoleta spiloides, Drymarchon coraise couperi, and Lampropeltis getulus getulus). A dosage of 50 mg/kg administered to water snakes every 72 hours for 18 days maintained a minimum plasma concentration of chloramphenicol between 2 and 5 μg/ml.
Effects of xylazine and ketamine on the acoustic reflex and brain stem auditory-evoked response in the cat
Authors: Sims Michael H. , Horohov Janice E. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The acoustic reflex (ar) and brain stem auditory-evoked response (baer) were recorded in adult cats 5 minutes after im administration of xylazine (1 mg/kg) and after im administration of ketamine (10 mg/kg). Ipsilateral and contralateral ar were recorded at 10 and 20 dB above acoustic reflex threshold 5 minutes after xylazine administration and 5 and 35 minutes after ketamine administration. Monaural baer were recorded 5 minutes after xylazine and 5 and 35 minutes after ketamine, using stimulus intensities of 90-, 80-, and 70-dB hearing level (hl). Additional baer were recorded at 10, 15, and 25 minutes after ketamine, using the 90-dB hl stimulus. Pre- and postinjection comparisons were made for threshold, latency, and amplitude of the ar and for latency and amplitude of waves I through VI of the baer.
At both stimulus intensities before and after ketamine administration threshold for the ipsilateral reflex was significantly lower (P > 0.05) than for the contralateral reflex. The threshold, latency, and amplitude of the ar were unaffected (P > 0.05) by the injection of ketamine after xylazine. The amplitude of baer waves was not affected (P > 0.05) by ketamine after xylazine for each of the 3 stimulus intensities. Latency of the 90-dB hl-evoked response was increased (P ≤ 0.05) for waves III/IV at 5 and 35 minutes after ketamine, and for wave V at each of the post-injection times, except at post-injection minute 15. For the 80-dB hl-evoked response, wave IIL/IV latency was increased (Ρ ≤ 0.05) 5 and 35 minutes after ketamine administration. Using 70-dB hl, the latency of wave II was increased (Ρ ≤ 0.05) 5 and 35 minutes after ketamine administration. Because administration of ketamine after xylazine did not affect the ar and only minimally altered the baer, this combination of drugs should be a clinically and experimentally useful anesthetic when recording ar and baer in cats.
Modulation of arachidonic acid metabolism in endotoxic horses: Comparison of flunixin meglumine, phenylbutazone, and a selective thromboxane synthetase inhibitor
Authors: Moore J. N. , Hardee M. M. , Hardee G. E. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Two cyclooxygenase inhibitors (flunixin meglumine and phenylbutazone) and a selective thromboxane synthetase inhibitor were assessed in the management of experimental equine endotoxemia. Drugs or saline solution were administered to 16 horses 15 minutes before administration of a sublethal dose of endotoxin (Escherichia coli 055:B5). Plasma concentrations of thromboxane B2 (TxB2), prostacyclin (6-keto pgf1α), plasma lactate, and hematologic values and clinical appearance were monitored for 3 hours after endotoxin administration.
Pretreatment with flunixin meglumine (1 mg/kg of body weight) prevented most of the endotoxin-induced changes and correlated with a significant decrease in plasma TxB2 and 6-keto pgf1α concentrations, compared with concentrations in nontreated horses (ie, pretreated with saline solution). Pretreatment with phenylbutazone (2 mg/kg) attenuated the effects of endotoxin and was associated with a brief, early, significant increase in plasma TxB2 concentrations, but not in plasma 6-keto pgf1α concentrations. Pretreatment with the thromboxane synthetase inhibitor did not appear to clinically benefit the horses involved; however, arachidonic acid metabolism was redirected to prostacyclin production.
Alterations in the arrhythmogenic dose of epinephrine after adrenergic receptor blockade with prazosin, metoprolol, or yohimbine in halothane-xylazine-anesthetized dogs
Authors: Tranquilli W. J. , Thurmon J. C. , Benson G. J. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Recent evidence has linked α-receptor and β-receptor activations with ventricular arrhythmia genesis. In order to assess the relative contribution of specific adrenoceptors (αl, α2, β1) on ventricular arrhythmogenic activity during xylazine (1.1 mg·kg−1·hr−1-halothane (1.35%) anesthesia, the arrhythmogenic dose of epinephrine (ade) was repeatedly determined before and after prazosin (α1 antagonist; 0.1 mg·kg−1), metoprolol (β1 antagonist; 0.5 mg·kg−1), and yohimbine (α2 antagonist; 0.125 mg·kg−1) administration in 6 dogs. The ade was expressed as infusion rate and total dose. The ade was defined as the dose which produced 4 or more intermittent premature ventricular contractions within 15 s during a 3-minute infusion period or within 1 minute from end of infusion. Control ade was 2.69 ± 0.372 (μg·kg−1·min−1) and 4.17 ± 0.544 (μg·kg−1) for infusion rate and total dose, respectively. The ade significantly increased after prazosin (P < 0.005), metoprolol (P < 0.005), and yohimbine (P < 0.05) administration. The ade values increased to 5.42 ± 1.22 (rate) and 8.10 ± 1.95 (dose) after α2 blockade, but were significantly less than the al and β1 blockade ade values. In conclusion, although both α- and β-adrenoceptor blockade depressed ventricular arrhythmia genesis in xylazine-halothane-anesthetized dogs, α2 blockade, which was achieved with the recommended dose of yohimbine for reversal of anesthetic-induced cns depression, was not as protective as α1 (prazosin) or β1 (metoprolol) blockade.
Effects of training on muscle composition in horses
Authors: Hodgson David R. , Rose Reuben J. , Dimauro Joseph , Allen Jennifer R. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Biopsy samples were obtained from the middle gluteal muscle of 10 Thoroughbred horses undergoing a commercial race-training program. Samples were obtained before the program began and again after 6 and 12 weeks of training. All horses had raced at least once by the 12th week of training.
Serial sections of muscle were examined histochemically for myosin adenosinetriphosphatase after either acid (pH 4.3 and 4.6) or alkaline (pH 10.3) preincubation, and then muscle fibers were identified as types I, IIA, IIB, or IIC. The oxidative capacity of individual fibers was assessed, using the reduced nicotinamide dinucleotide tetrazolium-reductase stain, and the number of intermyofibrillar capillaries adjacent to each fiber were counted after staining, using the α-amylase-periodic acid-Schiff technique. Biochemical analyses involved the fluorometric measurement of 3 enzymes—citrate synthase, 3-hydroxyacyl coenzyme A dehydrogenase, and lactate dehydrogenase—as markers of end terminal oxidative, β-oxidative, and glycolytic potentials, respectively.
Changes in fiber-type percentages did not occur in response to training. There was a significant (P < 0.01) increase in the percentage of type IIB fibers, having high nicotinamide dinucleotide-tetrazolium reductase staining after 12 weeks of training. Alterations in the number of capillaries adjacent to each fiber type did not occur during the training period. There were increases in the activities of both citrate synthase and 3-hydroxy-acyl coenzyme A dehydrogenase after 6 weeks (P < 0.05) and 12 weeks (P < 0.001) of training. Alterations in the activity of lactate dehydrogenase did not occur in response to training.
Partial purification and characterization of eosinophil chemotactic factors from soluble extract of Fasciola species
Authors: Horii Yoichiro , Fujita Koichiro , Owhashi Makoto 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Eosinophil chemotactic factor (ecf) was partially purified from common liver flukes (Japanese strain of Fasciola sp) by a combination of anion-exchange chromatography on DE52 and gel filtration on Sephacryl S-200. The molecular weight of ecf was estimated to be approximately 27,000 by high-pressure liquid chromatography. The ecf was heat labile (56 and 100 C for 30 minutes) and was not bound with lentil-lectin Sepharose. The results of isoelectric focusing showed that ecf comprises at least 2 components; one was a major ecf with an isoelectric point of 3.1, and the other, a minor ecf with an isoelectric point of 3.8 to 4.5. These results indicate that ecf of common liver flukes are acidic proteins.
Diagnosis of bovine respiratory syncytial virus infections improved by virus detection in lung lavage samples
Authors: Kimman T. G. , Zimmer G. M. , Straver P. J. , de Leeuw P. W. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The potential of lung lavage to diagnose and study infections with bovine respiratory syncytial virus (brsv) was investigated.
The technique was simple to perform under field conditions, and even in calves with respiratory tract disease, serious drawbacks were not observed. In 9 epizootics of respiratory tract disease, brsv infection was diagnosed in 1 or more calves. The brsv was detected from a total of 21 of 32 calves by immunofluorescence in cells recovered from lavage fluids, and the virus was recovered by cell culture from 17 of these. In the 4 remaining calves, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus or parainfluenza type 3 virus was isolated.
In calves with high levels of maternally derived antibodies, direct demonstration of the virus was found to be essential for making a diagnosis of brsv. In 3 of the 9 epizootics, the majority of 4- to 8-month-old calves had a significant increase in antibody concentration against brsv, whereas only a few 1- to 2-month-old calves present during the other 6 epizootics did so. However, at least in 4 of the 6 herds with younger calves, direct detection of the virus in 2 or more calves indicated that brsv was involved in the epizootic.
Cytologic examination of wash fluids from brsv-infected animals identified an increased neutrophil/large mononuclear cell ratio. Occasionally, bronchiolar casts and syncytial giant cells with inclusion bodies were seen.
In lung lavage fluids of 4 experimentally infected specific-pathogen-free calves, brsv-containing cells were detected by immunofluorescence for 12 to 18 days after inoculation.
Variation of neutrophil function with age in calves
Authors: Hauser Mark A. , Koob Michael D. , Roth James A. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Neutrophil function was evaluated on 2 occasions in 5 calves from each of the following age groups: 4 to 5 weeks, 9 to 11 weeks, 16 to 19 weeks, and 12 to 14 months. Of the neutrophil functions examined, the iodination reaction, which evaluates the activity of the myeloperoxidase-hydrogen peroxide-halide antibacterial system of the neutrophil, reflected the most marked differences among age groups. The iodination values for the 2 youngest age groups were approximately 52% of the value for the oldest cattle. This difference could not be attributed to the amount of myeloperoxidase in the neutrophil granules. Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity also tended to be lower in neutrophils from the 3 younger age groups. Nitroblue tetrazolium reduction, a measure of superoxide anion generation by neutrophils, was lower in the youngest age group only. The capability of neutrophils to ingest Staphylococcus aureus was higher in the 3 youngest groups of calves than in the oldest group. The observed differences in neutrophil function in young vs older calves may be partially responsible for the increased susceptibility of young calves to infectious disease.
Hepatic dearterialization in the dog
Authors: Gunn Carolyn , Gourley I. M. , Koblik Philip D. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Hepatic dearterialization was performed in 9 adult dogs. Evaluation of the technique was based on clinical and laboratory assessment of physiologic and pathologic changes related to the procedure. All dogs had hematologic and histopathologic evidence of transient hepatic ischemia that was reflected by minimal postoperative morbidity.