bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of New Pseudo‐C‐Nucleosides Containing Pyrazole Rings in Their Structure.
Authors: Rauter Amelia P. , Figueiredo Jose A. , Ismael Maria I. , Justino Jorge 
Published: January 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access the actual ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Three New Isoprenylated 2‐Arylbenzofurans from Artocarpus petelotii
Authors: Chen Lei , Hou Ai‐Jun 
Published: January 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access the actual ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Metalation Strategy for the Construction of Functionalized Naphthalenes: The First Synthesis of Guieranone A.
Authors: McCulloch Malcolm W. B. , Barrow Russell A. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access the actual ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Total Synthesis of (‐)‐SNF4435 C (I) and (+)‐SNF4435 D (II).
Authors: Beaudry Christopher M. , Trauner Dirk 
Published: January 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access the actual ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Stereoselective Synthesis of the C1—C13 Fragment of 2,3‐Dihydrodorrigocin A (I).
Authors: Le Brazidec Jean‐Yves , Gilson Charles A. III , Boehm Marcus F. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access the actual ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
The Synthesis and 16S A‐Site rRNA Recognition of Carbohydrate‐Free Aminoglycosides.
Authors: Wang Xiaojing , Migawa Michael T. , Sannes‐Lowery Kristin A. , Swayze Eric E. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access the actual ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Diels—Alder Macrocyclization Enables an Efficient Asymmetric Synthesis of the Antibacterial Natural Product Abyssomicin C.
Authors: Zapf Christoph W. , Harrison Bryce A. , Drahl Carmen , Sorensen Erik J. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access the actual ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis and Gelation Properties of N,N′‐Bis(3,4,5‐trialkoxy)benzoylurea: Terpene and Perfume Gels.
Authors: Kubo Kanji , Mori Akira 
Published: January 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access the actual ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
High Symmetric 18‐Facet Polyhedron Nanocrystals of Cu7S4 with a Hallow Nanocage.
Authors: Cao Hongliang , Qian Xuefeng , Wang Cheng , Ma Xiaodong , Yin Jie , Zhu Zikang 
Published: January 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access the actual ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A New Two‐Phase Route to High‐Quality CdS Nanocrystals.
Authors: Wang Qiang , Pan Daocheng , Jiang Shichun , Ji Xiangling , An Lijia , Jiang Bingzheng 
Published: January 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access the actual ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Pore of Zeolites as Probed by 1H and 19F NMR Relaxation Time Measurements
Authors: Nakayama Hirokazu , Eguchi Taro 
Published: January 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access the actual ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
New Trends in Synthesis of Pyrazole Nucleosides as New Antimetabolites
Authors: Elgemeie Galal H. , Zaghary Wafaa A. , Amin Kamelia M. , Nasr Tamer M. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access the actual ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Cyclooctyne and 4‐Cyclooctyn‐1‐ol — Versatile Building Blocks in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Heber Dieter , Roesner Peter , Tochtermann Werner 
Published: January 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access the actual ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Amino Acid Deletion Products Resulting from Incomplete Deprotection of the Boc Group from N‐Benzyloxymethylhistidine Residues During Solid‐Phase Peptide Synthesis
Authors: Yoshizawa‐Kumagaye Kumiko , Nishiuchi Yuji , Nishio Hideki , Kimura Terutoshi 
Published: January 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access the actual ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
β‐Hydroxy Esters as Synthetic Precursors of Natural Compounds and Analogues
Authors: Thomassigny Christine , Sineriz Fernando , Greck Christine , Lou Ji‐Dong 
Published: January 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access the actual ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Transition Metal Catalyzed [2 + 2 + 2] Cycloaddition and Application in Organic Synthesis.
Authors: Kotha Sambasivarao , Brahmachary Enugurthi , Lahiri Kakali 
Published: January 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access the actual ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Confinement of Metal Complexes within Porous Hosts: Development of Functional Materials for Gas Binding and Catalysis
Authors: Welbes Leilani L. , Borovik A. S. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access the actual ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Glycopeptide and Glycoprotein Synthesis Involving Unprotected Carbohydrate Building Blocks
Authors: Guo Zhongwu , Shao Ning 
Published: January 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access the actual ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Medium‐Sized Peptides as Built in Carriers for Biologically Active Compounds
Authors: Hudecz Ferenc , Banoczi Zoltan , Csik Gabriella 
Published: January 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access the actual ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Azide Compounds: Nitrogen Sources for Atom‐Efficient and Ecologically Benign Nitrogen‐Atom‐Transfer Reactions
Authors: Katsuki Tsutomu 
Published: January 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access the actual ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Recent Advances in Cyclohydrocarbonylation Reactions
Authors: Chiou Wen‐Hua , Lee Seung‐Yub , Ojima Iwao 
Published: January 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access the actual ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Catalytic Versatility, Stability, and Evolution of the (βα)8‐Barrel Enzyme‐Fold
Authors: Sterner Reinhard , Hoecker Birte 
Published: January 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access the actual ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Chemical Synthesis of Galantamine, an Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor for Treatment of Alzheimer′s Disease
Authors: Marco‐Contelles Jose , Rodriguez Carolina , Garcia Antonio G. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access the actual ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Unsymmetrical Ozonolysis of Cycloalkenes
Authors: Testero Sebastian A. , Suarez Alejandra G. , Spanevello Rolando A. , Mangione Maria I. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access the actual ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
neo‐Glycorandomization and Chemoenzymic Glycorandomization: Two Complementary Tools for Natural Product Diversification
Authors: Langenhan Joseph M. , Griffith Byron R. , Thorson Jon S. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access the actual ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Protein Posttranslational Modifications: The Chemistry of Proteome Diversifications
Authors: Walsh Christopher T. , Garneau‐Tsodikova Sylvie , Gatto Gregory J. Jr. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access the actual ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Metal Phosphonates Applied to Biotechnologies: A Novel Approach to Oligonucleotide Microarrays.
Authors: Bujoli Bruno , Lane Sarah M. , Nonglaton Guillaume , Pipelier Muriel , Leger Jean , Talham Daniel R. , Tellier Charles 
Published: January 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access the actual ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Film Uniformity in Atomic Layer Deposition
Authors: Elers K.‐E. , Blomberg T. , Peussa M. , Aitchison B. , Haukka S. , Marcus S. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThe sources of non‐uniformity in thin films produced using atomic layer deposition (ALD) have been investigated by reviewing the mechanical hardware of ALD reactors, precursors, and the by‐products of surface reactions. The most common causes of non‐uniformity are overlapping pulses, thermal self‐decomposition of precursors, and non‐uniform gas distribution. Less studied, however, are the consequences of downstream surface reactions of gaseous by‐products. In particular, titanium nitride films have been found to be significantly less uniform than those of transition metal oxides deposited from metal halides. The influence of reaction by‐products on the TiN film growth has been studied by comparing the deposition in the cross‐flow and showerhead style reactors. Finally, the sources of non‐uniformity in plasma enhanced (PE) ALD are illustrated by studying the TiN deposition process.
Distributed policy processing in active‐service based infrastructures
Authors: Yu Wei , Chellappan Sriram , Xuan Dong , Zhao Wei 
Published: January 2006

AbstractMore and more applications in the Internet are requiring an intelligent service infrastructure to provide customized services. In this paper, we present an infrastructure, which can transparently and effectively provide customized active‐services to end users and dynamically adapt to changing customized policies in large distributed heterogeneous environments. The infrastructure consists of two components: the policy agent and middleware box. Particularly, our technologies include: (1) Generic active‐service based infrastructure, where the policy agent can integrate policies requested by applications, and middleware boxes can transparently execute services and (2) Distributed policy processing in the middleware box. We study two policy partitioning schemes to achieve conflict‐free policies for distributed policy processing and guarantee the correctness of the policy execution. We conduct extensive performance evaluations on different schemes proposed. Our experimental results demonstrate that our policy partitioning schemes can effectively generate partition‐capable and conflict‐free policy sets. The evaluation results also show that distributed policy processing can achieve over 70% increase in performance/price ratio with proper assignment of the policy distribution degree compared to a purely centralized approach. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Joint formation in the middle ear: Lessons from the mouse and guinea pig
Authors: Amin Susan , Tucker Abigail S. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThe malleus, incus and stapes form an ossicle chain in the mammalian middle ear. These ossicles are articulated by joints that link the chain together. In humans and mice, fusion of the ossicles leads to hearing loss. However, in the adult guinea pig the malleus and incus are normally found as a single complex. In this report, we investigate how the malleus and incus form during mouse and guinea pig development. The murine malleus and incus develop from a single condensation that splits to form the two ossicles. Even before a morphological split, we show that the ossicles have distinct genetic identities and joint markers are expressed. In the guinea pig embryo, joint formation is initiated but no cavitation is observed, resulting in a single complex divided by a thin suture. The malleal‐incudo complex in the guinea pig is, therefore, not caused by a defect in joint initiation. Developmental Dynamics 235:1326–1333, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Differential inhibition of Wnt‐3a by Sfrp‐1, Sfrp‐2, and Sfrp‐3
Authors: Galli Lisa M. , Barnes Tiffany , Cheng Tina , Acosta Lisa , Anglade Adolph , Willert Karl , Nusse Roel , Burrus Laura W. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractSecreted frizzled related proteins (Sfrps) are extracellular attenuators of Wnt signaling that play important roles in both embryogenesis and oncogenesis. Although Sfrps are generally thought to bind and sequester Wnts away from active receptor complexes, very little is known about the specificity of Sfrp family members for various Wnts. In the developing chick neural tube, sfrp‐1, 2, and 3 transcripts are expressed in and adjacent to the dorsal neural tube, where Wnt‐1 and Wnt‐3a are expressed. To better define the possible roles of Sfrp‐1, 2, and 3 in the neural tube, we first tested the ability of purified Sfrps to inhibit Wnt‐3a‐induced accumulation of β‐catenin in L cells. We find that both Sfrp‐1 and Sfrp‐2 can inhibit Wnt‐3a activity while Sfrp‐3 cannot. To determine where Sfrp‐1 and Sfrp‐2 impinge on the Wnt signaling pathway, we tested the ability of these Sfrps to inhibit Wnt signaling induced by the addition of LiCl, an inhibitor of GSK‐3. Sfrp‐1 and Sfrp‐2 are unable to inhibit the accumulation of β‐catenin in LiCl‐treated cells, suggesting that the ability of Sfrps to inhibit the accumulation of β‐catenin is GSK‐3 dependent. We have further shown that Sfrp‐2 inhibits the ability of ectopic Wnt‐3a to stimulate proliferation in the developing chick neural tube. These results provide the framework for understanding how Sfrps function to regulate Wnt‐3a activity in developing embryos and in cancer. Developmental Dynamics 235:681–690, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Reorganization of cytoplasm in the zebrafish oocyte and egg during early steps of ooplasmic segregation
Authors: Fernández Juan , Valladares Macarena , Fuentes Ricardo , Ubilla Andrea 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThe aim of this work is to determine when and how ooplasmic segregation is initiated in the zebrafish egg. To this end, the organization of the ooplasm and vitelloplasm were examined in oocytes and eggs shortly after activation. Ooplasmic segregation, initiated in the stage V oocyte, led to the formation of ooplasmic domains rich in organelles, and ribonucleoproteins. A linear array of closely arranged peripheral yolk globules separated an outer domain of ectoplasm from an inner domain of interconnected endoplasmic lacunae. The structure of this yolk array and the distribution of microinjected labeled tracers suggests that it may provide a barrier limiting ooplasm transit. Loosely arranged yolk globules at the animal hemisphere allow wide connections between the endoplasm and a preblastodisc domain. Activation caused further segregation of ooplasm, reorganization of endoplasmic lacunae, and blastodisc growth. The presence of an endoplasmic cytoskeleton suggests that these changes may be driven by microtubules and microfilaments. Developmental Dynamics 235:656–671, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Why is delta endocytosis required for effective activation of notch?
Authors: Chitnis Ajay 
Published: January 2006

AbstractA number of recent studies have shown that endocytosis of Notch ligands is required for activation of Notch. There are at least two broad models that account for how Delta endocytosis in one cell might contribute to activation of Notch in the neighboring cell. The first class of models is related to the possibility that Delta endocytosis facilitates S2 cleavage and removal of the Notch extracellular domain, a critical step in Notch activation. A second class of models is related to the possibility that Delta ubiquitylation and endocytosis facilitates interactions between Delta and Notch. In the second set of models, Delta undergoes endocytosis and its subsequent trafficking back to the surface, following modifications or some change in the context in which it is presented, makes Delta a more effective ligand. Though it is still not clear how either or both mechanisms contribute, recent evidence points to the importance of both endocytosis and recycling in Delta signaling. Developmental Dynamics 235:886–894, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A new multihoming architecture based on overlay network
Authors: Uda Satoshi , Ogashiwa Nobuo , Nagami Kenichi , Kondo Kuniaki , Nakagawa Ikuo , Shinoda Yoichi , Esaki Hiroshi 
Published: January 2006

AbstractAccording to the deployment of the Internet, the requirement for multihoming connection, intended to improve the accessibility of networks with higher quality or/and robustness, is becoming serious. However, in the existing or legacy multihoming systems, the proposed routing architecture cannot tolerate further increases in the number of multihoming users. Also, although improvement of accessibility when failures occur could be achieved, it is difficult to effectively use several connections by multihoming under normal operating conditions. In this paper, a multihome architecture based on an overlay network is proposed as a new architecture resolving the above problems. By means of the proposed system, improved scalability with respect to the number of users and flexible (policy) control against incoming traffic are applicable, while also achieving improved accessibility under failure conditions, which is one of the main objectives for multihoming. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 89(5): 41–51, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.20212
Frequency synchronization technique using replica created by mutual correlation value for classifying the weight in autocorrelation operation
Authors: Horiuchi Takaaki , Saba Takahiko , Sasase Iwao 
Published: January 2006

AbstractIn an orthogonal frequency‐division multiplexing (OFDM) system, a method based on the autocorrelation of two consecutive known symbols is proposed in order to estimate the frequency offset. In this system, the autocorrelation is calculated for all samples in a symbol. When the products of samples are summed and averaged, the product of each sample is weighted by the absolute amplitude of the received sample. Consequently, a sample which exhibits large received absolute amplitude due to the effect of noise is given a large weight. Since the product of samples given a large weight has a large effect on the estimation, it may degrade the estimation accuracy. Based on this idea, this paper proposes a method of reducing the effect of noise in frequency offset estimation, in which a replica constructed on the basis of information concerning the arrival time, the power, and the phase rotation of each path contained in the cross‐correlation is used to determine the weights used in the calculation of the autocorrelation. It is shown by computer simulation that the proposed method can improve the accuracy of frequency offset estimation in the region where the carrier‐to‐noise ratio (CNR) is low. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 89(5): 28–40, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.20243
A study of software‐defined radio modem based on layered architecture
Authors: Mukai Manabu , Tomizawa Takeshi , Takeda Daisuke , Wakutsu Takashi , Tandai Tomoya , Yamaga Akira , Miyamoto Yukimasa , Tsurumi Hiroshi 
Published: January 2006

AbstractIn this paper, we study the modem architecture for software‐defined radio. We proposed a hierarchical modem architecture and a tree bus structure based on the time constraint and complexity in the signal processing in software‐defined radio. We divided the functions based on the proposed architecture with the Third Generation Partnership Project Direct Sequence‐Frequency Partition Duplex (3GPP DS‐FDD) mode as the evaluation motive and evaluated the processing load and the flexibility. Next, we developed an evaluation board loaded with a CPU and a programmable logic device (PLD) and measured the scale of the proposed architecture and the overhead due to data transfers. On the evaluation board, the proposed architecture was implemented with 551 kGates and 5.1‐Mbit circuit scale, excluding the CPU core and the transmission hardware (Tx‐HW). We verified the overhead of each processor due to data transfers to be about 2.5% of the total processing load. Thus, this architecture achieved a lower frequency for the CPU operating clock and a simpler process flow, and demonstrated the ability to construct an efficient software‐defined radio. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 89(5): 1–14, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.20259