bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DEVELOPMENT OF A M3S PROTOTYPE SYSTEM USING DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSOR
Authors: CHIEN JEN-CHIEN , HSUEH MENG-LUN , CHEN CHIEN-CHI , LUH JER-JUNN , LAI JIN-SHIN , CHONG FOK-CHING 
Published: December 2008

Acute disabilities always need different types of assistive devices in their daily life. Usually, each of these devices is designed for only one particular usage. Because of this, an acute disable may have to use a joystick to manipulate his wheelchair, used a mouse to control computer, or used a keyboard to control movement of mechanical arm. Thus no consideration of interrelations among these tools was discussed. In 1990, the technical working committee 173 (TC-173/sc-1/wg-7) of ISO (International Organization for Standardization) using serial interface protocol (ISO 7176-7) to integrate all types of assistive tools for the disabilities. At the same time, the European Common Commission funded the research for M3S interface (Multiple Masters Multiple Slave). It provides the disable a concrete integral control for his movement, working, environment control and communication. This is an integrated intelligent real time control capability protocol. It is a plug and play device interface. We design and develop a M3S protocol using TMS320F243 DSP chip. The system was tested for I/O control and it meets the equipments supported by the M3S working group. Thus, it would bring lots of comforts for the disable.
ENDOPROSTHESIS-RELATED COMPLICATIONS AFTER LIMB-SALVAGE OPERATION OF MALIGNANT BONE TUMORS AROUND THE KNEE
Authors: YANG RONG-SEN 
Published: December 2008

Endoprosthetic reconstruction using a custom-made metallic megaendoprosthesis is one of the common modalities for the limb salvage operation. The new promising advance of material science, design and fabrication of the endoprosthesis enable an immediate rehabilitation program and provide a durable and functional limb. Thus a successful limb reconstruction is possible in the well-selected patients. In addition to the endoprosthesis-related increased stress, a limited soft tissue support and constraint after limb salvage procedure usually results in an increased incidence of complications, especially in the long term survivors. Some patients may even need revision of the endoprosthesis and, at times, amputation.The complications after oncological endoprosthectic reconstructions usually occur more frequent than the conventional primary total joint arthroplasty. Considering the characteristics of the surgical procedure and the high demands on the implants, such a relatively high frequency of complications is not unexpected. The common complications include wound necrosis, aseptic loosening, fatigue fracture, local osteolysis, joint contracture, dislodgement/dislocation, nerve or vascular injury, rotational deformity, leg length discrepancy, infection, periprosthectic fracture, etc. Some complications are encountered with other modality of limb salvage procedure, whereas the other endoprosthesis-related complications are endoprosthetic-unique and not uncommon. The major causes of such a relatively high endoprosthesis-related complications include (1) extensive excision of soft tissue, leading to change of biomechanical ergonomics, little soft tissue constraints or support for a long replacement segments, and decreased local defense to infection, (2) increased stress on the implants due to higher activity level in the youthful active individuals, relatively narrower medullary canals with less cancellous bone for fixation, (3) special needs for the stability resulting an increased mechanical constraints placed directly within the endoprosthesis, thus raising the local stress transferred to the prosthesis, and to the prosthesis-bone interface, (4) poor immunological, hematological, or nutritional status resulting from chronic oncologic diseases or chemotherapy. It in turn accelerates the wear processes of the components, induces the wear particulate disease and local osteolysis, as well as to cause the aseptic loosening eventually. Early detection and early correction of minor complications has an important role of preventing the major complications, thus reduces the necessity of reoperation, and at times, amputation. We will review these complications in this article.
TEMPORAL ANALYSIS OF THE ACCELERATION AND DECELERATION PHASES FOR VISUAL SACCADES
Authors: LIN HSUAN-HUNG , CHEN YUNG-FU , CHEN TAINSONG , TSAI TZU-TUNG , HUANG KUO-HSIEN 
Published: December 2008

Previous studies showed that the relation for product of peak velocity and duration against saccadic amplitude was highly linear correlated. The velocity profile was related as a triangular profile and referred to the saccadic amplitude as an integration of the profile, so that the amplitude is proportional to the product of peak velocity and duration. The saccadic amplitude can be described as a function of peak velocity and duration. In this study, in addition to the triangular profile, the rational power function was applied to explain the above linear relation. The acceleration and deceleration phases can be described, respectively, with the different shape parameters (n1 and n2). Finally, we described the product of peak velocity and acceleration time relating to the acceleration amplitude, and the product of peak velocity and deceleration time relating to the deceleration amplitude. The results show that the acceleration and deceleration phase parameters could be used to accurately delineate the saccadic characteristics.
EVALUATION OF CLOSED-LOOP CONTROL SYSTEM FOR RESTORING STANDING AND SITTING FUNCTIONS BY FUNCTIONAL ELECTRICAL STIMULATION
Authors: LIU CHENG-LIANG , YU CHUNG-HUANG , CHEN SHIH-CHING , CHEN CHANG-HUNG 
Published: December 2008

Functional electrical stimulation (FES) is a method for restoring the functional movements of paraplegic or patients with spinal cord injuries. However, the selection of parameters that control the restoration of standing up and sitting functions has not been extensively investigated. This work provides a method for choosing the four main items involved in evaluating the strategies for sit-stand-sit movements with the aid of a modified walker. The control method uses the arm-supported force and the angles of the legs as feedback signals to change the intensity of the electrical stimulation of the leg muscles. The control parameters, Ki and Kp, are vary for different control strategies. Four items are collected through questionnaires and used for evaluation. They are the maximum reactions of the two hands, the average reaction of the two hands, largest absolute angular velocity of the knee joints, and the sit-stand-sit duration time. The experimental data are normalized to facilitate comparison. Weighting factors are obtained and analyzed from questionnaires answered by experts and are added to evaluation process for manipulation. The results show that the best strategy is the closed-loop control with parameters Ki=0.5 and Kp=0.
EFFECTS OF HEMATOCRIT LEVEL ON THE BLOOD FLOW IN THE CORRUGATED VESSEL DUE TO THE IMPLANTATION OF INTRAVASCULAR STENTS
Authors: TING TA-WEI DAVID , WU BING-SHIUN 
Published: December 2008

The vascular stenting has been accepted as a very effective treatment of occlusive vascular disease. But the implantation of vascular stent will change the geometric shape of stenosed vessel to be corrugated and create some local hemodynamic features characterized by the flow separation, recirculation in the area close to the stent. Under the physiological conditions of left coronary artery and specific geometric shapes created by the implantation of stent, the numerical method has been used to solve the blood flow and the shear stress distribution patterns in the vicinity of the stent. The non-Newtonian fluids with different levels of hematocrit (H), 25%, 45%, 65% are employed for the numerical simulation and compared with the numerical results of the Newtonian fluid in which the blood viscosity is assumed to be constant. The simulations have revealed that the surface of stent and atheroma bumps experience lower time-averaged wall shear stress by the non-Newtonian fluid with lower level of hematocrit. The value of wall shear stress on the peak of atheroma bumps has also been studied because it may associate with the cause the rupture of atheroma plaque. The numerical results of Newtonian fluid were compared with those of non-Newtonian fluid with hematocrit level of 45%, the average hematocrit value inherent in normal person. It is noted that non-Newtonian effect on the time-averaged wall shear stress distribution along the stent surface is not significant. The outline of bulged atheroma experiences almost same time-averaged shear stress distribution acting by the fluid with or without the non-Newtonian property. It means that for the non-Newtonian fluid with hematocrit level of 45% the property of changing viscosity in the flow field didn't affect the results of wall shear stress distribution on the surfaces of stent and atheroma bump resulted from the simulation of Newtonian fluid flow. These results will provide insight into the effects of different levels of hematocrit on the blood flow in the corrugated vessel due to the implantation of stent. Our findings suggest that the level of hematocrit is closely associated with the value of wall shear stress distribution. It is particularly significant to acute stage of atherogenesis, intimal hyperplasia, platelet deposition, thrombosis, endothelial cell orientation and the rupture of atheroma plaque after the implantation of stent. Some of the results presented can be used to explain the clinical performance of vascular stenting.
PEDESTRIAN TRAFFIC LIGHT RECOGNITION FOR THE VISUALLY IMPAIRED
Authors: Tsao Shun-Hsien , Chen Yu-Luen , Luh Jhe-Jyu , Lai Jin-Shin , Kuo Te-Son , Wu Han-Shuan 
Published: December 2008

In this research, we employ the technology of computer vision to recognize traffic light. We manipulate the color information of traffic light under HSI color space. And then, adding motor tracking technology, we can trap the traffic light which is subjected to a region of interest (ROI) to the center area of monitor. Meanwhile, we assign different frequency (peach) according to red light or green light to inform the people what state the light is. We develop the algorithm at PC with MATLAB. Then, we port the whole system to DSP platform TI TMS320 DM642 EVM. The result is that in the condition of non-complex environment, the system can distinguish the red light from green light, and also can output audio signal by means of speaker.
THE EFFECT OF COMPOSITION CHANGE IN SOL-GEL SYNTHESIZED PSC
Authors: Wang Wen-Hsi , Lee Yuan-Ling , Lin Chun-Pin , Lin Feng-Huei 
Published: December 2008

Modified calcium silicate cement had previously been developed as a dental retrograde filling. It had great sealing ability, good biocompatibility, and anti-bacterial properties. However, its clinical application was limited by a long setting time and poor handling property. In previous study,1, 2 the setting property of PSC was greatly improved due the sol-gel process, without the addition of transition metal element. In this study, different ratio of starting material of PSC was prepared. The composition of each group was also altered with the ratio of the starting materials according to the result of XRD pattern. There is no significant difference in pH variation profile between each group. Even though low C 3 S / C 4 AF ratio (DX631 and DX541 groups) possessed high initial strength at first 24 hours after hydration, there was no increase in strength ever since according to the result of microhardness. However, the groups with high C 3 S / C 4 AF ratio (DX811 and DX721 groups) possessed relatively low initial strength at 24 hours after hydration, but the strength increased rapidly and continuously at least for the next six days of hydration. Moreover, the peak intensity of hydration product (Portlandite) on XRD pattern in DX811 group was much higher than other three groups, and this was also in agreement with the result of microhardness. DX811 group is determined to be the optimal one for the further development in the application as root-end filling materials.
η3‐Diphosphavinylcarbene: A P2 Analogue of the Dötz Intermediate
Authors: Aktas Halil , Slootweg J. Chris , Ehlers Andreas W. , Lutz Martin , Spek Anthony L. , Lammertsma Koop 
Published: December 2008

AbstractEin bewegliches Molekül: Die Umsetzung von in situ erzeugten Phosphinidenen mit Phosphaalkinen eröffnet einen einfachen Zugang zum neuen metallkoordinierten η3‐Diphosphavinylcarben 1, das leicht Ligandenaustauschreaktionen und eine neuartige Umlagerung eingeht, an welcher der Phosphinidenkomplex 2 und der η3‐Phosphaalkenylphosphinidenkomplex 3, das 1,3‐Isomer von 1, beteiligt sind.magnified image
The Inverted Bond in [1.1.1]Propellane is a Charge‐Shift Bond
Authors: Wu Wei , Gu Junjing , Song Jinshuai , Shaik Sason , Hiberty Philippe C. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractBonded or not bonded? An ab initio valence bond study of [1.1.1]propellane shows that the two bridgehead carbons are linked by a strong and direct σ bond that is neither classically covalent nor classically ionic, but rather a charge‐shift bond, in which the covalent–ionic resonance energy plays the major role. As such, the central bond of [1.1.1]propellane closely resembles the single bond of difluorine.magnified image
Quality of life of male outpatients with personality disorders or psychotic disorders: a comparison
Authors: Bouman Yvonne HA , Van Nieuwenhuizen Chijs , Schene Aart H , De Ruiter Corine 
Published: December 2008

AbstractBackground Quality of life (QoL) has become increasingly important as an outcome measure in community‐based psychiatry. QoL refers to an individual's sense of well‐being and satisfaction with his current life conditions. It is measured both through objective social indicators and life domain‐specific subjective indicators. People with a personality disorder (PD) or a major mental disorder (MMD) tend to show poor social adjustment, but their relative subjective QoL is not known.Aim To compare the QoL of male outpatients in treatment for PD or MMD overall and by means of specific social and subjective indicators.Methods A sample of 135 men under treatment for PD in Dutch forensic outpatient facilities were compared with 79 men with MMD using the extended Dutch version of the Lancashire Quality of Life Profile (LQoLP).Results Almost all of the objective indicators of QoL were significantly poorer among men with MMD than those with PD, but the groups did not differ on domain‐specific subjective ratings of QoL. Indeed, global subjective QoL was lower in the PD than in the MMD patient group. PD outpatients seemed to have a more complex concept of QoL than the MMD outpatients for whom almost half of the variance in subjective QoL rating was related to their everyday activities and their objective sense of safety.Conclusions and implications for practice Further study of QoL among PD patients would be warranted to test the extent to which subjective dissatisfaction is intrinsic to PD and to explore the possibility of improving it with targeted treatments. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Juvenile sex offenders and institutional misconduct: the role of thought psychopathology
Authors: Delisi Matt , Vaughn Michael G. , Beaver Kevin M. , Wright John Paul , Hochstetler Andy , Kosloski Anna E. , Drury Alan J. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractBackground Little is known about the institutional behaviour of incarcerated sex offenders.Aim To study the relationships between juvenile sex offending, thought psychopathology and institutional misconduct.Method We applied negative binomial regression and Area Under Curve Receiver Operating Characteristic (AUC‐ROC) analyses to self‐report and records data from institutionalised delinquents (N = 813) committed to the California Youth Authority to explore the links between sex offending and institutional misconduct, controlling for offender demographics, institution, index offence, and self‐reported and official criminal history.Results Juvenile sex offending was associated with six forms of institutional misconduct (sexual, general and total misconduct as reviewed by parole board) over 12 and 24 months prior to rating. Two measures of thought psychopathology, which were related to psychosis‐like thought, were significantly associated with juvenile sex offender status. These constructs did not, however, mediate the independent predictive effects of adolescent sex offending on institutional misconduct.Conclusion Interventions to help incarcerated young offenders are likely to be particularly important for those with a sex offending history as they are otherwise likely to persist with antisocial behaviours of all kinds within and beyond the institution. Attention to their thought processes may be particularly useful. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Changes over time in homicides by women: a register‐based study comparing female offenders from 1982 to 1992 and 1993 to 2005
Authors: Putkonen Hanna , Weizmann‐Henelius Ghitta , Lindberg Nina , Rovamo Tuija , Häkkänen Helinä 
Published: December 2008

AbstractBackground The contribution of women to violent offending, including homicide, may be increasing as society changes.Aims The aim of this paper was to test for trends in homicide by women in Finland.Methods A retrospective register‐based study was conducted by comparing two national cohorts: one from 1982 to 1992 and the other from 1993 to 2005.Results There was a small increase in the proportion of homicides committed by women over time, but the most striking difference between the cohorts was in the significantly higher frequency of alcohol abuse/dependence in the later cohort and of being under the influence of alcohol during the crime. Fewer perpetrators were regarded as lacking or being of diminished responsibility in the later cohort. The victims of the earlier cohort were emotionally closer to the offender than those of the later one.Conclusions In Finland, there have been changes in characteristics of women who commit homicide and their crimes over time, with the apparent development of a subgroup of women who kill who are much more like men who kill than women in the 1980s and early 1990s. Preventing substance abuse and marginalization are likely to be important ways of preventing homicide by both female and male perpetrators. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Release and activity of anti‐TNFα therapeutics from injectable chitosan preparations for local drug delivery
Authors: Shamji Mohammed F. , Hwang Priscilla , Bullock Robert W. , Adams Samuel B. , Nettles Dana L. , Setton Lori A. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractBackground: Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) is a cytokine that regulates immune and inflammatory overactivation in various pathological states. Protein therapeutics may antagonize this cytokine, but may also have systemic toxicities. Small molecule natural products are also efficacious, but can suffer from poor oral bioavailability. A drug delivery vehicle is needed to sustain release of active therapeutics and address localized inflammation. Materials: Chitosan is a biocompatible aminopolysaccharide that undergoes thermally‐initiated gelation in cosolutions with glycerophosphate (GP), and may entrap and sustain release of additive therapeutics. Gelation time and temperature of chitosan/GP were evaluated by turbidity (OD350), as was the kinetic effect of bovine serum albumin (BSA) entrapment. We investigated in vitro release of BSA and various anti‐TNF agents (curcumin, sTNFRII, anti‐TNF antibody) and confirmed in vitro activity of the released drugs using an established bioassay. Results: Turbidity results show that chitosan/GP thermogel achieves gelation at 37°C within 10 min, even with significant protein loading. Sustained BSA release occurred with 50% retained at 7 days. All anti‐TNF therapeutics exhibited sustained release, with 10% of sTNFRII and anti‐TNF antibody remaining after 7 days and 10% of curcumin remaining after 20 days. After release, each compound antagonized TNFα‐cytotoxicity in murine fibrosarcoma cells. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that thermogelling chitosan/GP entraps and sustains release of a broad range of anti‐TNF agents. Such delivery of disease‐modifying therapy could establish a drug depot to treat local inflammation. The breadth of molecular sizes demonstrates significant versatility, and slow release could protect against toxicities of systemic delivery. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2009
Strength test: Debunking an unbalanced approach to development
Authors: Kaiser Robert B. , White Randall P. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractAn approach to development that concentrates on identifying and maximizing leaders' strengths, to the exclusion of addressing their weaknesses, has gained enormous popularity in recent years. But amid the hype, are there hidden dangers? Could a more balanced strategy for developing leaders be more likely to raise their effectiveness and enhance organizational performance?
Structure and properties of fullerite C60 intercalated with CH2F2
Authors: Shulga Yury M. , Martynenko Vyacheslav M. , Baskakov Sergey A. , Shilov Gennady V. , Trukhanenok Anton N. , Shestakov Alexander F. , Morozov Yury G. , Fursova Tatyana N. , Bazhenov Anatoly V. , Vasilets Victor N. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractWe have obtained fullerite intercalated with CH2F2 by precipitation of C60 from the solution in 1,2‐dichlorobenzene saturated by CH2F2. The chemical composition was identified as (CH2F2)x C60 (x = 1.03 ± 0.21). The fcc lattice parameter (14.28 Å) was found to increase significantly for (CH2F2)C60 in comparison with that for pristine C60 (14.16 Å). The IR absorption peak attributed to the stretching vibration of the C–F bond in (CH2F2)C60 was 30 cm–1 shifted to lower wave numbers in comparison with the gas phase CH2F2 spectrum. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Enzymatic Synthesis of Structured Triacylglycerols Containing CLA Isomers Starting from sn‐1,3‐Diacylglycerols
Authors: Maurelli Silvia , Blasi Francesca , Cossignani Lina , Bosi Ancilla , Simonetti Maria Stella , Damiani Pietro 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe synthesis of structured triacylglycerols (TAG) by the enzymatic reaction between sn‐1,3‐diacylglycerols (sn‐1,3‐DAG) and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomers was studied. Both the substrates of the reaction were produced from vegetable oils, the sn‐1,3‐DAG from extra virgin olive oil and the CLA isomers from sunflower oil. The enzymatic reactions between these substrates were catalyzed for 96 h by an immobilized lipase from Rhizomucor miehei (Lipozyme IM) and the reactions carried out in solvent were monitored every 24 h by using high‐performance liquid chromatography‐evaporative light scattering detector (HPLC‐ELSD). The enzymatic reactions were carried out in different reaction media (hexane, isooctane and solvent free) and with different CLA/sn‐1,3‐DAG ratios. Total % acidic composition and structural analysis data were evaluated to verify the presence of CLA isomers in sn‐2‐ position of synthesized TAG. The results showed good levels of CLA incorporation in sn‐1,3‐DAG, from 19.2% of TAG synthesized in solvent free conditions with a 0.5:1 substrate ratio, to 47.5% of TAG synthesized in isooctane with a 2:1 substrate ratio. It was observed that for all the reaction media, the best sn‐2‐ acylic specificity was obtained with a 0.5:1 substrate ratio.