bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reaction of 1,2-Dimethoxybiphenylene with Dichlorocarbene. Chemical Detection of the Bond Fixation in Biphenylene Derivatives
Authors: Sato Masaru , Inaba Keiko , Ebine Seiji , Tsunetsugu Josuke 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
1,2-Dimethoxybiphenylene reacted with dichlorocarbene to give three chloro(methoxy)-6H-benzo[3,4]cyclobuta[1,2]cyclohepten-6-one derivatives, two chloro(methoxy)fluorenones and two dimethoxyfluorenones. The reaction with dibromocarbene gave similar products. The formation of these products serves as unequivocal chemical evidence for bond fixation of 1,2-dimethoxybiphenylene. The chloro(methoxy)-6H-benzo[3,4]cyclobuta-[1,2]cyclohepten-6-one was led to 9-chloro-5-hydroxy-6H-benzo[3,4]cyclobuta[1,2]cyclohepten-6-one, the first tropolone analogue of biphenylene. This compound was shown to exist in only one of the two possible tautomers in contrast with general monocyclic tropolones.
Preferential Solvation of Ag(I) Bromate and Iodate in Dimethyl Sulfoxide–Water Mixtures
Authors: Janardhanan Sivasankaran nair , Kalidas Chatty 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The selective solvation of Ag(I) bromate and iodate was studied in dimethyl sulfoxide–water mixtures at 30 °C by solubility and EMF measurements. The solubility of silver bromate decreases down to XDmso=0.2 and thereafter increases with addition of dimethyl sulfoxide, the solubility of silver iodate continuously decreasing under the same conditions. The transfer free energy of silver cation decreases while that of halate ions increases with the addition of dimethyl sulfoxide. The solvent transport number, Δ, passes through a maximum around XDmso=0.5 in both cases. These results were interpreted in terms of a heteroselective solvation of both the salts, the silver ion being preferentially solvated by dimethyl sulfoxide and the halate ions selectively hydrated by water in the mixtures.
Polyfunctionality of α-Zr(HPO4)2·H2O. Case of H+/Ag+ and H+/Tl+ Ion Exchange Processes
Authors: Costantino Umberto , Isernia Armando , De Meo Giovanni 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A detailed investigation of the ion exchange processes of silver and thallium(I) ions on α-Zr(HPO4)2·H2O has been carried out. The H+/Ag+ exchange occurs in AgNO3 or CH3COOAg solution with a single phase transition and leads to Zr(AgPO4)2·H2O (interlayer distance 8.4 Å). The H+/Tl+ ion exchange process has been performed by titrating the exchanger with 0.1 M (TlNO3+TlOH) solution, owing to the great ionic size of Tl(I). The titration curve shows essentially a single plateau. In a similar way to that for H+/Ag+ exchange, the process takes place with a single phase transition, leading to Zr(TlPO4)2·H2O (interlayer distance 9.0 Å). Since the processes are new examples in which a univalent cation is exchanged with a single phase transition in α-Zr(HPO4)2·H2O, the so called “polyfunctionality” of this exchanger has been discussed, considering the high polarizability of Ag+ and Tl+ ions. The catalytic potential applications of zirconium phosphate loaded with Ag+ ions are outlined.
Studies on Synthesis of 6-Bromo-2,3-disubstituted 4(3H)-Quinazolinones and Their Thiones
Authors: Badr Mahmoud Zarif Amin , El-Sherief Hassan Ahmed Hassan , Mahmoud Abdallah Mohamed 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Synthesis of some 2,3-disubstituted 6-bromo-4(3H)-quinazolinones is described. Treatment of some 4-quinazolinones with phosphorus pentasulfide gave the corresponding 4-quinazolinethiones. The reaction of 6-bromo-2-methyl-3,1-benzoxazin-4-one with hydroxylamine hydrochloride gave 6-bromo-3-hydroxy-2-methyl4(3H)-quinazolinone which on treatment with alkyl halides, acyl chlorides and sulfonyl chlorides gave the corresponding ethers, esters, and sulfonates respectively. 2-Styryl-4(3H)-quinazolinone derivatives are obtained by condensation of aromatic aldehydes and corresponding 3-substituted-6-bromo-2-methyl-4(3H)-quinazolinones. Their antibacterial affinities are of considerable efficiency.
Electronic States of Crystalline Cation Radical Salts. Simple Salt of Phenothiazine+· Br− and Complex Salt of (Phenothiazine)2+· Br−
Authors: Iida Yôichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Phenothiazine forms not only simple cation radical salt of Phenothiazine+· Br− but also complex salt of (Phenothiazine)2+· Br−. In this paper, less-than-half occupied Hubbard model was applied to the complex salt in order to explain its crystal electronic state.
Studies of the Separation Mechanism in Ion-exchange Chromatography. II. Inversion of the Elution Order of Tri- and Divalent Complex Cations with Increasing Concentration of the Eluent
Authors: Yoneda Hayami , Oh Chang Eon , Yamazaki Shigeo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Two pairs of tri- and divalent complex cations [Co(en)3]3+, [Ni(en)3]2+ and [Co(phen)3]3+, [Fe(phen)3]2+ were chromatographed through the SP-Sephadex cation-exchange column using various concentrations of aqueous KBr and K2SO4 solutions as eluent, and the inversion of the elution order was observed for the pair of the phen complexes when eluted with KBr and for that of the en complexes when eluted with K2SO4.
Formation of Ketone Diperoxides from Ozonation of O-Methyloximes
Authors: Ito Yoshikatsu , Yokoya Hiroaki , Umehara Yasutoshi , Matsuura Teruo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The ozonation of the O-methyloximes has been investigated. Besides the corresponding ketones, ketone diperoxides, and N-methoxyamides were produced. The stereochemistry of the ketone diperoxides was studied by the NMR technique.
Oxidation of Thujopsene with Lead Tetraacetate
Authors: Yokoi Katsumi , Matsubara Yoshiharu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
We inveatigated the oxidation of thujopsene with lead tetraacetate. In the hydrolysis product, two new sesquiterpenoids were found to be afforded: 6α,10,10-trimethyl-4β-acetyltricyclo[4.4.0.01,3]decane and its C(4)-stereoisomer.
Photocyclization of o-Nitrophenyl Alkyl Ethers
Authors: Oguchi Sh\={o}shichi , Torizuka Hiroshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
o-Nitrophenyl alkyl ethers 1a, 1b, and 1c undergo photocyclization to give benzoxazoles 2a, 2b, and 2c, respectively.
Microwave Spectrum of Propyl Silane
Authors: Hayashi Michiro , Nakagawa Jun , Aguni Yasunori 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The microwave spectra of propyl silane and its four deuterated species were measured. The structure of the antiperiplanar isomer was so obtained as to reproduce the observed moments of inertia. The dipole moment and its direction were determined by Stark-effect measurements of several low J transitions.
Spectroscopic and Kinetic Study of an Intramolecular Aromatic Nucleophilic Photosubstitution. Reaction Mechanism of a Photo-Smiles Rearrangement
Authors: Yokoyama Kenji , Nakagaki Ryoichi , Nakamura Junko , Mutai Kiyoshi , Nagakura Saburo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Photo-Smiles rearrangement reaction of N-[ω-(p-nitrophenoxy)alkyl]aniline was studied by measuring the absorption spectra of transient species. Two intermediates A and B were observed and were assigned to a solvated ion pair and the Meisenheimer complex, respectively. The reaction scheme, starting material→intramolecular charge transfer on excitation→A→B→final product, was derived from the relative yields and lifetimes of A and B as well as from the effects of solvent polarity, of triethylamine and oxygen, and of the alkyl chain length on each step of reaction.
On the Origin of Differences in the Phosphorescence Band Patterns of p-Benzoquinone in p-Dihalobenzene Crystals
Authors: Miyagi Yusei , Koyanagi Motohiko , Kanda Yoshiya 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The phosphorescence spectra of p-benzoquinone (PBQ) have been studied at 4.2 K in isostructural crystals such as p-dichlorobenzene (DCB), p-bromochlorobenzene (BCB), and p-dibromobenzene (DBB); and in their binary mixed crystals. The variable phosphorescence band patterns observed are interpreted in terms of anisotropic local-field effects of the host environmental molecules. A similarity of the phosphorescence intensity distribution between two systems of PBQ/BCB and PBQ/(0.5 molar fraction of DCB+0.5 molar fraction of DBB) is a manifestation of the existence of effective local-fields in the crystals.
Studies on the Preparation of Cuprous Oxide. VIII. A Spectrophotometric Study of Halogenocopper(I) Complexes in Aqueous 5 M Na(ClO4) Solutions
Authors: Sugasaka Kazuhiko , Fujii Ayako 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The complex formation of copper(I) with bromide and iodide ions in aqueous 5 M (1 M=1 mol dm−3) Na(ClO4) solutions was studied spectrophotometrically over a pH range from acidic to alkaline. Over the concentration range of 0.05–5 M bromide ions in acidic solutions, the CuBr2− and CuBr32− complexes were found. On the other hand, in the iodide system the CuI2−, CuI32− complexes and a higher complex were found under the same experimental conditions, although the composition and the formation constant of the last complex could not be determined in this study. The equilibrium constants for the reactions, CuX2−+X−=CuX32−, were 13 and 1.6 for the bromide and iodide complexes respectively. A hydrolyzed species of copper(I), Cu(OH)2−, was found in an alkaline solution of the two systems. The formation constants, β−22=[Cu(OH)2−][X−]2⁄[CuX2−][OH−]2, were evaluated as follows: β−22=(10.0±0.7)×107([Br−]&lt;2M),(2.6±0.7)×107([Br−]=3M),(1.7±0.7)×107([Br−]=4M) in the bromide solutions, (4.0±0.4)×103 ([I−]&lt;2 M), (2.5±0.4)×103 ([I−]=3 M), (2.2±0.4)×103 ([I−]=4 M) in the iodide solutions.
Voltammetric Studies of Tris(1-pyrrolidinecarbodithioato)manganese(III) and -iron(III) and Bis(1-pyrrolidinecarbodithioato)copper(II) in Nonaqueous Solvents
Authors: Ichimura Akio , Kitagawa Toyokichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The voltammetric behavior of the title complexes has been studied. These complexes give a one-electron oxidation wave and a one-electron reduction wave in most solvents. A linear correlation between the (E1⁄2ox–E1⁄2red) values and the solubility parameters of the solvents was obtained. The (E1⁄2ox–E1⁄2red) values were interpreted in terms of the solvation energy of the complexes.
Deuteration Reaction of Malonate Hydrogens in Some Monomalonatocobalt(III) Compounds
Authors: Sakaguchi Ushio , Nakano Michie , Yoneda Hayami 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The rate of deuteration at malonate hydrogens has been measured for [Co(mal)(N)4]+ and [Co(malH)(NH3)5]2+ ions in aqueous solution over the pD range of 2 to 8, where mal=malonate dianion, malH=malonate monoanion, and (N)4=(NH3)4, (ethylenediamine)2, (1,3-propanediamine)2, (1,10-phenanthroline)2, or (2,2′-bipyridine)2. For the tetraamine type complexes with a chelated malonate ligand, the deuteration process is acid-catalysed up to pD=about 4 and base-catalysed at higher pD values. This contrasts with the behavior of the unidentate malonate ligand, for which the deuteration is base-catalysed up to pD=3.5, whereupon the deprotonation of the carboxylate group takes place and the deuteration rate steps down to a constant, pH-independent value. The deuteration mechanisms are discussed.
The Kinetics of the β-Cyclodextrin-catalyzed Decarboxylation of Trichloroacetic Acid in an Alkaline Solution
Authors: Motozato Yoshiaki , Furuya Yoshiaki , Matsumoto Toshikazu , Nishihara Tsukasa 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The rate of the decarboxylation of trichloroacetic acid (abbreviated as TCAH) in the presence of β-cyclodextrin(βCD) in an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide has been followed by the determination of the remaining TCAH. The rate equation was given by
Rate=(k_1T+k_1TCC_βCD)C_TCAH^1/2+(k_2T-k_2TCC_βCD)C_TCAH.
A probable bimolecular decarboxylation mechanism which involves the unionized molecule of TCAH rather than the anion was proposed and discussed.
Thione S-Imide. Reaction with Heterocumulenes
Authors: Saito Takao , Oikawa Isao , Motoki Shinichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
9-Fluorenethione S-p-toluenesulfonimide reacted with diphenylketene to give two regioisomeric 1,3-dipolar cycloadducts. The thione S-imide and symmetrical dialkylcarbodiimides produced 3-tosylimino-1,2,4-thiadiazolidines. In the reaction with ketenimines, there occurred siteselective cycloaddition reactions on C=N vs. C=C bonds in the imines and further rearrangement of the 1,2,4-thiadiazolidine adducts.
The Dehydrochlorination of gem-Dichloroalkane and the Formation of Dienes from the Reactions of Butenes and Cyclohexene with Chlorine through Molten Salt
Authors: Kikkawa Sh\={o}ichi , Nomura Masakatsu , Shimizu Michimasa 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The dehydrochlorination of 1,1-dichloropropane and 1,1-dichloro-3-methylbutane was carried out over molten salt catalysts (mainly ZnCl2-containing melts) using a conventional flow system. The cis/trans ratio (1.8) of the resulting olefins from 1,1-dichlorobutane was found to stand between the ratio (1.4) with 1,1-dichloro-3-methylbutane and the ratio (2.2) with 1,1-dichloropropane; this can be explained by considering the stereochemistry of the adsorbed carbonium ions. The detailed results of the reactions of three butene isomers with chlorine through molten salts were presented. The selective formation of butadiene was explained in terms of the thermally assisted attack of chlorine in the allylic positions of butene, followed by the 1,2- or 1,4-elimination of HCl from chlorobutenes, a process which is strongly assisted by the ZnCl2-containing melts. The reaction of 2-methyl-2-butene and cyclohexene with chlorine through molten salts was also undertaken. The addition of Zn powder to ZnCl2 melts in advance was found to improve the selectivity for the formation of isoprene and cyclohexadiene. Because the HCl evolved reacts instantly with Zn powder to afford ZnCl2 and hydrogen, Zn powder substantially prohibits the addition of HCl to dienes yielding chlorobutenes and chlorocyclohexenes.
12,13-Epoxy-C-nor-D-homosteroids. VIH. Transformation of 12α,13α-Epoxyetiojerv-5-ene-3,17-dione 3,3-Ethylene Acetal into Testosterone
Authors: Murai Akio , Iwasa Noriaki , Masamune Tadashi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Transformation of the title epoxy ketone (2) into testosterone (1), which implies synthesis of the hormone 1 from jervine, is described. Irradiation of 2 by a low-pressure lamp in dioxane afforded an androstane-12,17-dione derivative, which was reduced regioselectively with lithium tri-t-butoxyaluminium hydride to give 12β-hydroxy ketone (5). The compound 5 was transformed via a. four-step process into androstan-4-ene-3,17-dione, which was converted into 1 by a known procedure. The overall yield amounted to 1.8% from jervine.
Electron Transfer Sensitization. II. Photo-cyclodimerization and -polymerization of N-Vinylcarbazole
Authors: Kitamura Noboru , Tazuke Shigeo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Photoinduced ternary electron transfer reactions have been demonstrated in the system of perylene(Pe)-1,4-dicyanobenzene(DCB)-N-vinylcarbazole(VCZ) in acetone. Photoexcited perylene was recycled via two successive electron transfer reactions while VCZ-cyclodimer and/or -polymer were obtained in good yields. Quantum yields for VCZ-cyclodimer and -polymer formation were larger in the electron transfer sensitization system in comparison with the other reaction systems such as in the Pe–VCZ or the VCZ–DCB system. The photocatalytic effect of the electron transfer sensitization was clearly confirmed in the present system, by estimating the overall sensitizer efficiency as over 8000 although chain propagation steps of VCZ cation radical are involved in the present reaction processes.
Conversion of Carbon-Sulfur Linkages into Carbon–Silicon Ones via Reductive Silylation. Preparation of Silyl Enol Ethers of Acyltrimethylsilanes
Authors: Kuwajima Isao , Mori Akio , Kato Masahiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Reductive cleavage of carbon–sulfur linkages of silyl enol ethers of thiocarboxylic S-esters can be induced by treatment with sodium or potassium–sodium alloy in the presence of chlorotrimethylsilane, and the corresponding silyl enol ethers of acyltrimethylsilanes can be prepared in high yields.
Bondings on the TeI4 Tetramer, as Studied by Means of NQR
Authors: Okuda Tsutomu , Yamada Koji , Negita Hisao 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The 127I NQR and its Zeeman effect on the TeI4 single crystal were investigated. Ten nonequivalent iodine atoms were detected, in agreement with the X-ray analysis by Krebs and Paulat. Six of them were assigned to terminal atoms, two to bridge atoms, and the remaining two to pyramidal iodine atoms, on the basis of their quadrupole coupling constants and asymmetry parameters. One of the bridging iodine atoms takes an efg z-axis parallel to the shorter Te–I bond, but the other bridging iodine atom takes an efg z-axis perpendicular to the bridging plane. This difference can be explained by a simple model based on the Townes-Dailey treatment and is consistent with that difference to be expected from the bridging-bond length. The extremely small coupling constants for the pyramidal iodine atoms could be interpreted by covalency, assuming a hybridization of the s-orbital to the pure p-bond configuration.
The Crystal Structure of the 1,3-Di-p-tolyl-5-phenylverdazyl Radical
Authors: Azuma Nagao 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The crystals of 1,3-di-p-tolyl-5-phenylverdazyl are monoclinic, with the space group P21⁄c and with a=10.66(1), b=21.76(1), c=8.171(6) Å, β=98.8(1)°, and Z=4. The crystal structure has been determined by means of X-ray diffraction. The molecular structure is similar to those of other verdazyls. The molecules are packed in a column along the c axis.
One-electron Reduction Potentials of Several Electron Acceptor Molecules and Cation Radicals of Donors
Authors: Iida Yôichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Reversible one-electron reduction potential values of several electron acceptor molecules and cation radicals of donors were estimated by means of the equilibrium constant of electron transfer reaction between ion radicals in acetonitrile solution, and the results were compared with the observed electrochemical data.
A Photoacoustic and Fluorescent Spectroscopic Study of Uranyl Compounds
Authors: Sugitani Yoshinori , Nomura Hiroshi , Nagashima Kozo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The fluorescent emission spectra and fluorescent lifetimes have been measured for several available uranyl salts and natural mineral zippeite. The absolute quantum efficiency data of UO2SO4·0.5H2O, H2(UO2)2(PO4)2·8H2O, and UO2(CH3COO)2·2H2O have been obtained by the simultaneous measurement of the photoacoustic and excitation spectra.
The Linearity of the Substituent-induced Carbon-13 Chemical Shifts of α-Carbons with Charge Densities in Aromatic Side Chains. II. 4-Substituted Phenylacetylenes
Authors: Niwa Jun 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The propriety of considering the magnetic contributions to the 13C chemical shift from the neighboring carbon atoms and from the ‘ring-current’ has been examined for the SCS of α-carbons of 4-substituted phenylacetylenes. The SCS values corrected for the above contributions are well correlated with the 2p electron densities.
Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance of AlBr3 Molecular Complexes
Authors: Okuda Tsutomu , Ohta Hiroshi , Ishihara Hideta , Yamada Koji , Negita Hisao 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
We observed the 81Br NQR of several molecular complexes of AlBr3 with amines such as (CH3)3N, C5H5N, C6H5NH2, and (C6H5)2NH. All the 81Br resonance lines were found in the frequency range of 78–86 MHz at room temperature except for AlBr3·2C5H5N. From the Zeeman analysis, it was proved that AlBr3·2C5H5N should be expressed with the molecular formula 2AlBr3·4C5H5N and contains cation species AlBr2(C5H5N)4+ with two 81Br resonance lines near 70 MHz and anion species AlBr4− with four 81Br resonance lines near 80 MHz. The two 81Br resonance lines of AlBr3·(CH3)3N disappeared at about 40 °C due to hindered rotation of the whole molecule. The lower two 81Br resonance lines of AlBr2(C5H5N)4+ have positive temperature coefficients.
Effect of Cl− and Br− Ions and pH on the Flatband Potentials of Silver Halide Sheet Crystal Electrodes
Authors: Sumi Seiichi , Watanabe Tadashi , Fujishima Akira , Honda Kenichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Flatband potential (Efb), which coincides with the Fermi level in energy, was determined for AgCl and AgBr electrodes by electrochemical measurement of the capacitance of the space charge layer of a semiconductor in contact with a solution. The values of Efb for both AgCl and AgBr electrodes in an electrolyte solution were −4.8 V vs. vacuum. The energy levels of the electrodes could be determined from this value. The behavior of the AgCl electrode is somewhat like an n-type semiconductor, and that of the AgBr electrode very much like an intrinsic semiconductor. The Efb values for the AgCl and AgBr electrodes change cathodically in electrolyte solutions with Cl− and Br− ions, respectively, but not with H+ or OH− ions. This seems to be associated with the Ag+ ion effect in spectral sensitization. It is concluded that the Ag+ ion effect arises from a downward shift of the band edge of silver halides.
Thermochemical Estimation of Destabilization Energies of 1,2-, 1,3-, and 1,4-Dicyanobenzenes Due to Interactions between Substituents. Appendix: Dipole Moments in Solution of the Dicyanobenzenes
Authors: Sato-Toshima Tomoko , Sakiyama Minoru , Seki Syûzô 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Enthalpies of combustion of 1,2-, 1,3-, and 1,4-dicyanobenzenes were determined by precision oxygen-bomb calorimetry. Enthalpies of sublimation of these compounds were obtained by the measurement of temperature dependence of vapor pressure. The standard enthalpies of combustion ΔHc°(298.15 K)/kJ mol−1 and the standard enthalpies of sublimation ΔHS(298.15 K)/kJ mol−1 are as follows: −4000.36±0.67 and 86.9±1.5 for 1,2-dicyanobenzene; −3992.29±0.75 and 90.1±1.5 for 1,3-dicyanobenzene; −3988.04±0.59 and 88.8±1.5 for 1,4-dicyanobenzene, respectively. Thermochemical destabilization energies were estimated by comparing the derived standard enthalpies of formation in gaseous state with those estimated for hypothetical non-destabilized molecules. They were discussed in terms of electrostatic interactions between highly electronegative and dipolar cyano substituents on one and the same benzene ring. Dipole moments of the dicyanobenzenes in benzene and dioxane solutions are reported in Appendix.
N-Alkylation of Cytosine and Its Nucleosides with Trialkyl Phosphates
Authors: Hayashi Masahiro , Yamauchi Kiyoshi , Kinoshita Masayoshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Cytosine has been readily alkylated with trialkyl phosphates to give the corresponding N-alkyl derivatives, trimethyl phosphate being especially useful for the N-methylation of the base moiety of cytosine nucleosides.
Liposomal Membranes. V. Interaction of Zinc(II) Ion with Egg Phosphatidylcholine Liposomes
Authors: Sunamoto Junzo , Shironita Masaharu , Kawauchi Noriaki 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The efficiency of encapsulation of several divalent metal ions, mainly Zn(II) ion, into egg lecithin liposomes has been investigated with particular attention to the stability of liposomal membranes against the transition metal(II) ions. The stronger interaction of metal ions to lecithins led to the less formation of liposomes. The addition of a suitable amount of nonionic detergent, 2-[ω-hydroxypentadeca(oxyethylene)-α-yl]-1,3-bis(dodecyloxy)propane (2C1215G, see text), enhanced the encapsulation of Zn(II) and Cu(II) ions in liposomes. The stoichiometric measurement for the binding of Zn(II) ion to single compartment liposomes of egg lecithin suggested that a Zn(II) ion is interacting with three or four lecithin molecules on the average in both halves of liposomal bilayers. Even under the circumstances, the bilayer structure of liposomes was certainly kept stable, which was electron micrographically visualized.
Effect of Polyether Linkages on the Carboxylation of Sodium Phenoxide
Authors: Sakakibara Tsutomu , Haraguchi Kazuyo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
In the carboxylation of sodium phenoxide under mild conditions, the crown compound or polyethers with three to five ether linkages caused carboxylation to give o- and p-hydroxybenzoic acids, but not ethers with one or two linkages. The chelation of sodium phenoxide with polyethers changed the formation ratio of isomers.