bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temporal differentiation and spatial coexistence of sexual and facultative asexual lineages of an aphid species at mating sites
Authors: Halkett F. , Kindlmann P. , Plantegenest M. , Sunnucks P. , Simon J. C. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract
Cases of coexisting sexual and asexual relatives are puzzling, as evolutionary theory predicts that competition for the same ecological niches should lead to the exclusion of one or the other population. In the cyclically parthenogenetic aphid, Rhopalosiphum padi, sexual and facultative asexual lineages are admixed in space at the time of sexual reproduction. We investigated how the interaction of reproductive mode and environment can lead to temporal niche differentiation. We demonstrated theoretically that differential sensitivity of sexual and facultatively asexual aphids to an environmental parameter (mating host suitability) shapes the two strategies: whereas the sexual lineages switch earlier to the production of sexual forms, the facultative asexual lineages delay and spread out their investment in sexual reproduction. This predicted pattern of niche specialization is in agreement with the temporal structure revealed in natura by demographic and genetic data. We propose that partial loss of sex by one pool of aphids and subsequent reduction in gene flow between lineages may favour temporal specialization through disruptive selection.
Anesthetic management in a child with Arnold–Chiari malformation and bilateral vocal cord paralysis
Authors: SETZ A.C.W. , DE BOER H.D. , DRIESSEN J.J. , SCHEFFER G.J. 
Published: December 2005

SummaryWe report a case of a child who was scheduled for an emergency ventriculoperitoneal shunt procedure. The patient had a type II Arnold–Chiari malformation (ACM) and associated hydrocephalus and presented with near complete respiratory obstruction from bilateral abductor vocal cord palsy. Early diagnosis and management of airway abnormalities associated with ACM may be lifesaving. Chiari malformations and anesthesia management are discussed.
Conjunctival impression cytology in dogs
Authors: Bolzan Aline A. , Brunelli Adriana T. J. , Castro Márcio B. , Souza Marcos A. , Souza José L. , Laus José L. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective  Ocular conjunctivas of healthy dogs were studied by conjunctival impression cytology for evaluation of feasibility, protocol standardization, and normal cytologic pattern recognition of this technique.Animals studied  Twenty healthy, adult, cross‐breed dogs.Procedures  Samples of the bulbar conjunctiva were collected after instillation of topical anesthetic drops at the ocular surface. Impression cytology was performed by applying asymmetric strips of Millipore filter on the superior temporal bulbar conjunctiva near the limbus. The filter strip was gently pressed against the conjunctiva for 5 s and removed with a peeling motion. Samples were immediately fixed in 95% ethyl alcohol, stained with periodic acid‐Schiff and hematoxylin, and mounted on slides cover‐slipped using synthetic resin. The slides were examined by light microscopy.Results  Microscopic examination of the impressions revealed superficial, intermediate and basal epithelial cells arranged in sheets. Keratinized epithelial cells, goblet cells and leukocytes, as well as cellular debris and mucus were observed.Conclusions  Feasibility of impression cytology for sampling the bulbar conjunctiva of the dog and the standardization the the proposed protocol was shown. The results allowed the recognition the the normal cytologic pattern of healthy conjunctivas in dogs.
Persistent urinary incontinence and delivery mode history: a six‐year longitudinal study
Authors: MacArthur Christine , Glazener Cathryn MA , Wilson P Don , Lancashire Robert J , Herbison G Peter , Grant Adrian M 
Published: December 2005

Objective  To investigate the prevalence of persistent and long term postpartum urinary incontinence and associations with mode of first and subsequent delivery.Design  Longitudinal study.Setting  Maternity units in Aberdeen (Scotland), Birmingham (England) and Dunedin (New Zealand).Population  Women (4214) who returned postal questionnaires three months and six years after the index birth.Methods  Symptom data were obtained from both questionnaires and obstetric data from case‐notes for the index birth and the second questionnaire for subsequent births. Logistic regression investigated the independent effects of mode of first delivery and delivery mode history.Main outcome measures  Urinary incontinence—persistent (at three months and six years after index birth) and long term (at six years after index birth).Results  The prevalence of persistent urinary incontinence was 24%. Delivering exclusively by caesarean section was associated with both less persistent (OR = 0.46, 95% CI 0.32–0.68) and long term urinary incontinence (OR = 0.50, 95% CI 0.40–0.63). Caesarean section birth in addition to vaginal delivery, however, was not associated with significantly less persistent incontinence (OR 0.93, 95% CI 0.67–1.29). There were no significant associations between persistent or long term urinary incontinence and forceps or vacuum extraction delivery. Other significantly associated factors were increasing number of births and older maternal age.Conclusions  The risk of persistent and long term urinary incontinence is significantly lower following caesarean section deliveries but not if there is another vaginal birth. Even when delivering exclusively by caesarean section, the prevalence of persistent symptoms (14%) is still high.
Heart Rate Variability During Sleep in Patients with Vasovagal Syncope
Authors: CINTRA FATIMA , POYARES DALVA , DO AMARAL ALESSANDRO , DE MARCHI GUILHERME , BARRETO SIMONE , TUFIK SERGIO , DE PAOLA ANGELO , GUILLEMINAULT CHRISTIAN 
Published: December 2005

Background: There are a few studies showing no significant heart rate variability (HRV) over a 24‐hour period in vasovagal syncope (VVS) patients, but no research has examined HRV and its sympathetic and parasympathetic components during rapid eye movement (REM) and non‐REM sleep. The authors hypothesized that REM sleep might be a critical state in which VVS patients would show abnormal responses.
Objectives: To analyze the sympathetic and parasympathetic components of HRV during REM and SWS in patients with VVS compared to normal subjects, and in patients with positive HUTT compared to negative ones.
Methods: Thirty‐seven VVS patients and 20 normal age‐matched controls were submitted to polysomnography with 24‐hour Holter monitoring to assess HRV. Time and frequency domain techniques were carefully performed for 24 hours and during Stages 3 and 4 of REM and non‐REM sleep. Variation of sympathetic activity index (VSAI) was defined as the difference in the low frequency (LF) component of HRV between REM and Stages 3 and 4 of non‐REM sleep. An analysis of variance was performed to compare patients and controls; patients with positive and negative head‐up tilt testing.
Results: The LF component was lower in syncope compared to normal patients (1,769.54 ± 1,738.17, 3,225.37 ± 2,585.05, respectively, P = 0.03). There was a significant decrease in VSAI in the syncope group compared to the control group (−539.39 ± 1,930.78, 1,268.10 ± 2,420.20, respectively, P = 0.01). The other sleep variables analyzed including very LF, high frequency, low frequency/high frequency and time domain parameters did not reach statistical significance. Syncope patients also showed an increase in slow wave sleep (28.2 ± 10.5, 19.7 ± 7.8, P = 0.01).
Conclusions: VVS patients exhibited sympathetic suppression during REM sleep. Possible mechanisms are discussed in this article.
A rare case of a multicentric peripheral ameloblastoma of the gingival
Authors: Hernandez G. , Sanchez G. , Caballero T. , Moskow B. S. 
Published: December 2005

AbsstarctA rare case of a multicentric peripheral ameloblastoma of the gingiva in a 54‐year‐old male patient is described along with a light and electron microscopic study of the excised tumors. The peripheral ameloblastoma is considered to be the gingival counterpart of the more common intraosseous ameloblastoma. Although both tumors have similar histomorphologic characteristics, their clinical appearance and behavior are completely different. The peripheral ameloblastoma is slow growing and non‐invasive, and recurrence is uncommon following excision. The more common central ameloblasloma, is locally invasive and can destroy large segments of the jaw. The histogenesis of the peripheral ameloblastoma and several other odontogenic tumors of the gingiva serves to illustrate the proliferative potential of the basal cell layer of gingival epithelium.
In vitro effect of the Sensonic™ toothbrush on Treponema denticola
Authors: Blanco Valerie L. , Cobb Charles M. , Williams Karen B. , Manch‐Citron Jean N. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe purpose of this in vitro study was to compare the effects of the Sensonic, Oral‐B Braun mechanical and Oral‐B manual toothbrushes upon the morphology and cellular integrity of Treponema denticola. This spirochete was chosen because of its frequent isolation from active lesions of inflammatory periodontal disease and its pathogenic potential. T. denticola, strain ATCC 33421, was grown in an anaerobic nitrogen rich atmosphere in enhanced 1186 mycoplasma broth. 160, 5‐ml aliquots of cultured microbes were assigned to 1 of 3 brushing treatment groups and a control group. Samples were further divided into 4 groups of 10 samples each and assigned to one of 4 brushing exposure times: 15, 30, 45, and 60 seconds. After treatment, 0.2 ml of each sample was applied to a millipore filter and examined by SEM. Intact microbes were counted from 10 non‐overlapping fields at 4500X. Remaining treated samples were pelleted and examined by TEM. A statistically significant reduction of intact microbes for the Sensonic treatment group at each exposure time was found when compared to Oral‐B Braun. Oral‐B manual, and non‐treated controls. TEM examination of Sensonic treated samples revealed separation of the outer membrane at lower exposure times and only cellular debris after exposures of 45 and 60 s. These results suggest that exposure to the sonic frequency generated by the Sensonic toothbrush is capable of severely disrupting the structural integrity of T. denticola.
The effect of SRP on the clinical and microbiological parameters of periodontal diseases
Authors: Haffajee A. D. , Cugini M. A. , Dibart S. , Smith C. , Kent R. L. , Socransky S. S. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe purpose of the present investigation was to examine the effect of SRP on clinical and microbiological parameters in 57 subjects with adult periodontitis (mean age 47± 11 years). Subjects were monitored clinically and micro‐biologically prior to and 3, 6 and 9 months after full‐mouth SRP under local anaesthesia. Clinical assessments of plaque, redness, suppuration, BOP, pocket depth and attachment level were made at 6 sites per tooth. The means of duplicate attachment level measurements taken at each visit were used to assess change between visits. Clinical data were averaged within each subject and then averaged across subjects for each visit. Subgingival piaque samples were taken from the mesial aspect of each tooth and the presence and levels of 40 subgingival taxa were determined using whole genomic DNA probes and checkerboard DNA‐DNA hybridization. The mean levels and % of sites colonized by each species (prevalence) was computed for each subject at each visit. Differences in clinical and microbiological parameters before and after SRP were sought using the Wilcoxon signed ranks test or the Quade test for more than 2 visits. Overall, there was a mean gain in attachment level of 0.11±0.23 mm (range –0.53 to 0.64 mm) 3 months post‐therapy. There was a significant decrease in the % of sites exhibiting gingival redness (68 to 57%) and BOP (58 to 52%) as well as a mean (±SEM) pocket depth (3.3±0.06 to 3.1 ±0.05 mm). Sites with pre‐therapy pocket depths of <4 mm showed a non‐significant increase in pocket depth and attachment level. 4–6 mm pockets showed a significant decrease in pocket depth and a non‐significant gain in attachment post‐therapy, while 6 mm pockets showed a significant decrease in pocket depth and attachment level measurements post‐therapy. Significant clinical improvements were seen in subjects who had never smoked or were past smokers but not in current smokers. Mean prevalences and levels of P. gangivalis, T. denticola and B. forsythus were significantly reduced after SRP. while A. viscosus showed a significant increase in mean levels. The mean decrease in prevalence of P. gingivalis was similar at all pocket depth categories, while B. forsythus decreased more at shallow and intermediate pockets and A. viscosus increased most at deep sites, P. gingivalis, B. forsythus and T. denticola were equally prevalent among current, past and never smokers pre‐therapy, decreased significantly post‐SRP in never and past smokers but increased in current smokers. Clinical improvement post‐SRP was accompanied by a modest change in the subgingival microbiota, primarily a reduction in P. gingivalis, B. forsythus and T. denticola, suggesting potential targets for therapy and indicating that radical alterations in the subgingival microbiota may not be necessary or desirable in many patients.
In vitro accuracy and reproducibility of automated and conventional periodontal probes
Authors: Samuel E. D. , Griffiths G. S. , Petrie A. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the accuracy and reproducibility of experienced and inexperienced examiners using 3 automated periodontal probes (Florida Pocket Probe, Florida Disk Probe, Peri Probe) in comparison with 3 conventional periodontal probes (Marquis, Williams and EN‐15 probes. Test blocks of aluminium had 30 holes of diameter 1.10 mm and depths ranging from 2.75 to 10.0 mm. machined with a tolerance of ±0.01 mm. 8 experienced examiners and 8 inexperienced examiners were selected to perform duplicate measurements on the blocks over 6 visits using each of the, 6 probes. 1 automated and 1 conventional probe were used at each examination. The % accuracy and reproducibility for each of the duplicate measurements was calculated and analysed using Friedman 2‐way analysis of variance and the Wilcoxon matched pairs test. On average, all probes showed high reproducibility, with the Florida Disk Probe, the Florida Pocket Probe and the Williams probe ranked best and the other 3 probes were less reproducible. On average, all probes showed a high degree of accuracy, automated probes were ranked best and were significantly better than conventional probes. Experience had little effect on reproducibility. with only the Peri Probe showing significant differences at the 5% level between the groups. Experience appeared to be more important for accuracy, as experienced examiners were more accurate than inexperienced examiners, with significant differences at the 5% level for the EN‐15. Florida Disk Probe and Peri Probe. However, inexperienced examiners were significantly more accurate using the Williams probe. This in vitro study has shown that automated probes offer increased accuracy over conventional probes and the Florida Pocket and disk probes compare well with conventional probes for reproducibility.
The Penile Vasculature in Systemic Sclerosis: A Duplex Ultrasound Study
Authors: Aversa Antonio , Proietti Michele , Bruzziches Roberto , Salsano Felice , Spera Giovanni 
Published: December 2005

ABSTRACTIntroductionSystemic sclerosis is a connective tissue disease characterized by Raynaud's phenomenon, degenerative changes and vascular lesions in the presence of thickened, sclerotic skin lesions determined by cellular proliferation, and excess of extracellular matrix production. The role of ultrasound in the investigation of penile pathology is well established as vasculogenic impotence accounts for more than 30% out of overall causes.AimIn this article, we report for the first time the extent of penile vascular damage in a series of 15 sclerodermic patients (mean age 47 ± 12.5 SD) under current treatment for their disease irrespective of their sexual dysfunction complaints.MethodsAfter disease classification (mean duration of disease 7.2 ± 5.1 years), all patients were interviewed about the presence or absence of erectile dysfunction (ED) by using the Sexual Health Inventory for Men (SHIM) questionnaire, and then blood flow velocity in the cavernous artery following standardized pharmacostimulation was determined with Duplex ultrasonography along with the intima media thickness (IMT) of the common carotid artery, a valid index for atherosclerosis.ResultsMean SHIM scores revealed the presence of moderate-to-severe ED (mean 13.3 ± 6.3). Interestingly, in all patients diffuse hyperechoic “spots” inside the corpora cavernosa along with thickening of the tunica albuginea were found. Severely impaired mean peak systolic velocities (20.2 ± 5.5 cm/second) in the presence of mild venous leakage as expressed by mean end diastolic velocities (4.6 ± 2.9 cm/second) were found along with normal IMT (0.065 ± 0.010 cm) and acceleration time (92.3 ± 32.7 cm/second).ConclusionPenile fibrosis almost invariably occurs in sclerodermic patients and this determines incomplete penile arterial and smooth muscle cell relaxation and ED despite the absence of indirect signs of early atherosclerosis, that is, abnormal IMT and acceleration time.
Chemical and Isotopic Constraints on the Origin of Wadi El‐Tarfa Ground Water, Eastern Desert, Egypt
Authors: Sultan M. , Sturchio N.C. , Gheith H. , Hady Y. Abdel , El Anbeawy M. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractWe evaluated the use of the renewable ground water resources of the Eastern Desert to develop sustainable agriculture in Upper Egypt, an alternative that could alleviate some of Egypt's dependence on water from the Nile River. Ground water from shallow aquifers in the Eastern Desert of Egypt, near the intersection of Wadi El‐Tarfa and the Nile River, was analyzed for chemical compositions, stable isotope ratios, and tritium activities. The ground water has a range in total dissolved solids of 300 to 5000 mg/L. Values of δD and δ18O range from ‐10 to +34 %o and ‐2 to +5.2 %o, respectively, and defines a line having a slope of 5.7 that intersects the meteoric water line at about δD = ‐15 %o on a plot of 8D versus δ18O. These findings indicate that the water might have been derived by a combination of evaporation of and salt addition to regional precipitation. Only one sample could have been derived directly by evaporation and transpiration of modern Nile River water. Salinization of the ground water could have occurred through dissolution of marine aerosol dry fallout, carbonate minerals, gypsum, and other trace evaporitic minerals at and near the ground surface. Tritium activities ranged from 0.04 to 12.9 TU (tritium unite), indicating that all but one of the samples were derived at least partly from precipitation that occurred within the last 45 years. These data indicate that Nubian Aquifer paleowater is not a significant component of the shallow aquifers of this portion of the Eastern Desert. The most likely source of this ground water is sporadic flash flood events yielding locally voluminous recharge that accumulates in coarse sediments and fractured rock beneath alluvial channels. The magnitude of this renewable ground water resource and its potential for supporting sustainable agriculture require further investigation.
Partitioning Tracer Tests for Evaluating Remediation Performance
Authors: Cain R. Brent , Johnson Gwynn R. , McCray John E. , Blanford William J. , Brusseau Mark L. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractPartitioning tracer tests (PTTs) are being used in environmental systems for the detection and estimation of nonaqueous phase liquid (NAPL) saturations in contaminated aquifers. A series of such studies was recently conducted at Hill Air Force Base, Utah, in two hydraulically isolated test cells of an aquifer contaminated by light nonaqueous phase liquids (LNAPL). These experiments were performed before and after two remediation efforts, a complexing sugar flush (CSF) and a recirculating in‐well aeration (IWA) system. The breakthrough curves obtained from monitoring tracer concentrations in the extraction wells indicated the presence of an immiscible phase, and the LNAPL saturation values determined from the pre‐ and post‐PTTs allowed the estimation of remediation efficiencies for both test cells. These remediation efficiencies, a removal of 43% of the LNAPL for the CSF and an increase of 32% for the IWA system, are consistent with data obtained from cores collected from within the experiment zones. The apparent increase in contamination for the IWA cell is likely due to a significant change in the LNAPL distribution caused by the flow system associated with the IWA technology. Several factors influenced the interpretation of the PTT data. Physical heterogeneities at the site caused significant tailing of the tracer concentrations and required the use of a simple extrapolation technique to account for the concentrations below analytical quantification limits. Degradation affected selected nonreactive and reactive tracers, causing the overestimation and underestimation of LNAPL saturations, respectively.
Strontium Isotopes and Major Elements As Tracers of Ground Water Evolution: Example from the Upper Castle Hayne Aquifer of North Carolina
Authors: Woods Terri L. , Fullagar Paul D. , Spruill Richard K. , Sutton Lynn C. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe Eocene‐Oligocene Upper Castle Hayne Aquifer (UCH), a well‐indurated limestone with a very high percentage of secondary moldic porosity, is one of the most productive and extensively developed aquifers in the North Carolina Coastal Plain. Ground water from western wells in the UCH is Ca‐ and HCO3‐rich and ground water from easternmost wells is alkali‐ and Cl‐rich. In general, from west to east across the study area, Sr concentrations [Sr] and isotopic ratios of ground water from the UCH and other aquifers evolve toward those of the host aquifer. At the same well site, water from older aquifers usually has a lower 87Sr/86Sr ratio than water from younger aquifers, due to interaction between ground water and sedimentary material in the host aquifers. Comparison of 87Sr/86Sr ratios and [Sr] suggests that most UCH water represents mixing of strontium‐poor recharge water from the Surficial Aquifer with varying amounts of strontium from the aquifer rock. For samples that deviate from the calculated mixing line, strontium ratios can often be used to indicate the source of strontium that did not come from UCH rock. Surface waters are characterized by high 87Sr/86Sr ratios and variable [Sr] that depend on the proportion of intermixed sea water. Water from the overlying Yorktown and Pungo River aquifers can be recognized by higher 87Sr/86Sr ratios than those of the UCH and water from the underlying LCH, Beaufort, and Peedee aquifers can be recognized by lower 87Sr/86Sr ratios and higher [Sr].