bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acetylcysteine for Treatment of Acetaminophen Toxicosis in the Cat
Authors: St. Omer Vincent V. , McKnight Edward D. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Acute acetaminophen intoxication in the cat was studied to characterize the antidotal profile of acetylcysteine. Toxicosis was associated with cyanosis, hyperventilation, depression, and facial edema. Abnormal laboratory findings were methemoglobinemia and elevated serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase activity.
In one trial, each of ten cats was given a 325-mg tablet of acetaminophen, then another after 4 hours. Five of the cats were given antidotal treatment with acetylcysteine (140 mg/kg, per os) at the time of the second dosing with acetaminophen and at 8-hour intervals thereafter for a total of three treatments. All treated cats survived. Two of the untreated cats died. In another trial, doubling each dose of acetaminophen (650 mg) proved fatal in all of four untreated cats. When antidotal therapy was initiated at the time of the second dosing with acetaminophen and repeated at 8- or 4-hour intervals for three treatments, two of four cats in each treatment group survived.
Although antidotal therapy was associated with a return of serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase and methemoglobinemia values toward normal, only the methemoglobin value was a reliable prognostic indicator.
Milk and Meat Iodine Content: Relation to Human Health
Authors: Hemken R. W. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The amount of iodine consumed by human beings in the United States has increased over the past 10 to 15 years. Although there is no direct evidence of an increased human iodine toxicity problem because of the increased intake, there is some concern that if this trend continues, the greater iodine concentration may contribute to an increase in thyroid disorders. Because iodine content in milk has increased by 300% to 500% over the past 10 to 15 years, factors contributing to this increase have been studied. Organic iodine additions to the feed supply have contributed to large increases in iodine content in milk from some farms, and are considered the main factor contributing to the large increase in iodine content in milk values. Iodine teat dips and udder washes contribute to the increased iodine content of milk but generally do not result in increases of more than 150 μg/L. Iodine-sanitizing agents used on milking equipment or in milk transfer and storage equipment can contribute large amounts if improperly used, but the frequency of this problem is small. Iodine content in meat does increase with increased iodine intake, but the transfer of iodine to meat is relatively lower than it is to milk.
Design of Clinical Trials for New Drugs in Animals
Authors: Muser Rainer K. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Consideration of the intended purpose, an effort to ask specific questions that can be answered by specific data, selection of the correct values to be measured, and investigators who are able to conduct the study, will make it possible to design clinical studies properly.
The ethical need to avoid unnecessary suffering of experimental animals and rules and regulations in effect at the time of clinical trials will dictate certain aspects of the design. The type of product to be evaluated, its mode of administration, the type of animal in which the drug will be used, the type of investigator who will collect the data, and the individual who will use the drug, will determine the mechanical part of the protocol.
All of these factors need to be considered and discussed with all participants, which may include biostatisticians, regulatory authorities, investigators, and other individuals, to ensure that a rational design is chosen.
Disseminated Protothecosis with Central Nervous System Involvement in a Dog
Authors: Tyler D. E. , Lorenz M. D. , Blue J. L. , Munnell J. F. , Chandler F. W. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A 4-year-old mixed-breed spayed bitch was euthanatized after 2½ months of progressive neurologic disease. Prototheca organisms were identified by histopathology, culture, and electron microscopy. Specific fluorescent antibody procedures revealed two species—Prototheca wickerhamii and Prototheca zopfii. Organisms and pyogranulomatous lesions were found in the brain, spinal cord, right eye, kidneys, and heart.
Gastrointestinal complications associated with the use of atropine in horses
Authors: Ducharme Normand G. , Fubini Susan L. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Atropine sulfate was given at 2 dosages (0.044 mg/kg, 0.176 mg/kg) to clinically normal ponies in order to evaluate the drug’s effect on the gastrointestinal tract. Intestinal motility, as assessed by ausculation of borborygmus, was stopped 30 minutes after injection, but it gradually returned to normal within 12 hours. Signs of abdominal pain developed in 3 of 10 ponies. In 3 clinical cases of gastrointestinal disorder, prior atropine treatment was confusing to the diagnostician and resulted in delayed surgical treatment in 1 case. It was concluded that atropine should not be used for alleviation of intestinal spasm of horses.
Uroperitoneum in the foal
Authors: Richardson D. W. , Kohn C. W. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The case records of 22 foals with uroperitoneum were reviewed. The most common cause was a defect in the urinary bladder. A sex predilection for males was apparent. Clinical signs were tachycardia, tachypnea, and abdominal distention. The history pertaining to micturition was variable. Hyponatremia, hypochloremia, and hyperkalemia were marked. A reliable means of diagnosis was considered to be the demonstration of a wide disparity in serum and peritoneal fluid creatinine values. Surgical repair was successful in 11 of 18 cases, although surgical and anesthetic complications were common. Some of the defects were believed to be congenital.
Reticulography of the cow in dorsal recumbency: An aid in the diagnosis and treatment of traumatic reticuloperitonitis
Authors: Ducharme Normand G. , Dill Stephen G. , Rendano Victor T. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The accuracy of radiographic evaluation of the reticulum for traumatic reticuloperitonitis was evaluated. In a retrospective study involving 30 cows that had been radiographed in standing position, the diagnosis of penetrating foreign body was made with certainty in only 3 of 19 cases in which foreign bodies were identified. In 8 cases, no foreign body was identified radiographically, but a foreign body was found at surgery. In a prospective study, 19 cows were radiographed in both the standing and dorsal recumbent (dorsal reticulography) positions; in 10 cases, the diagnosis made on the basis of the standing radiograph was changed because of the dorsal reticulographic findings. When compared with surgical or necropsy findings in 9 cases, dorsal reticulography was accurate in determining whether a radiopaque foreign body was embedded in the reticulum wall. Thus, dorsal reticulography was shown to be an accurate diagnostic method for evaluating cows with suspected traumatic reticulitis, whereas radiographs obtained in the standing position were relatively inaccurate.
Fibroblastic tumor of the premaxilla in two horses
Authors: Barber Spencer M. , Clark Edward G. , Fretz Peter B. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
In 2 horses with rapidly growing, locally destructive tumors of the premaxilla, there was major disruption and displacement of some incisor teeth, with radiographic evidence of disruption of the premaxilla at the base of the tumors. In horse 1, most of the tumor was removed by incising it at its base, and the tumor bed was treated cryosurgically with 3 freeze-thaw cycles, using liquid nitrogen. The area healed by 2nd intention. The tumor was found to be a benign fibroblastic tumor, possibly a fibroma. After 4 years, there has been no recurrence. Horse 2 was euthanatized on the basis of a tentative biopsy diagnosis of osteogenic sarcoma. Postmortem studies supported a diagnosis of fibrosarcoma without metastasis.
X-Chromosome monosomy (37,XO) in a Burmese cat with gonadal dysgenesis
Authors: Johnston Shirley D. , Buoen Lance C. , Madl James E. , Weber Alvin F. , Smith Frances O. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A 37,XO-chromosome complement was detected in a 2½-year-old sable Burmese cat examined because of primary anestrus. The cat was smaller than its littermates; other somatic abnormalities associated with the XO karyotype in other species were not present. The ovaries, which did not respond to gonadotropin stimulation, contained inactive germinal epithelium (lacking follicles and primordial germ cells), which was similar to that of adult human patients with XO-gonadal dysgenesis.
Treatment of auricular hematoma, using a teat tube
Authors: Wilson James W. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Auricular hematomas in 35 dogs and 12 cats were treated with a drainage method utilizing a particular bovine teat tube. The method was easy to perform and required a minimum of expendable materials. Animals were quickly returned to normal activity, aftercare was simple, healing was rapid, and the healed ear was cosmetically acceptable. Complications that developed in 7 animals were related to the time of tube removal, and could be minimized in the future by following guidelines formulated from this study.
Cephalexin for oral treatment of canine urinary tract infection caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae
Authors: Ling Gerald V. , Ruby Annette L. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Oral treatment with cephalexin resulted in bacteriologic cure in 24 of 25 (96%) dogs with urinary tract infection caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae. All 25 of the isolates of K pneumoniae were susceptible in vitro to cephalexin at a concentration of ≤ 64 µg/ml, well below the mean concentration of cephalexin attained in the urine of clinically normal dogs given similar doses of this drug.
Effect of oxytetracycline administration on antibody response to Brucella abortus vaccination in calves
Authors: Smith Robert A. , Thedford T. R. , Espe B. H. , Woodson Paul D. , Burrows George E. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
In 5- to 7-month-old dairy calves, concurrent oxytetracycline administration and subcutaneous vaccination with 109 Brucella abortus strain 19 organisms reduced the percentage of animals with detectable humoral antibodies to Brucella abortus, when compared with untreated vaccinated calves of the same age range. The reduction of antibody reaction in the card test was less than that associated with the injection of 109 heat-killed Brucella abortus strain 19 organisms.
Treatment of radial-ulnar and tibial fractures in cattle, using a modified Thomas splint-cast combination
Authors: Adams Stephen B. , Fessler John F. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
In a retrospective study involving 15 cattle, radial-ulnar or tibial fractures were repaired with a modified Thomas splint combined with plaster cast. The cattle ranged in age from 1 day to 5 years and weighed from 46 to 775 kg. Eight cattle had radialulnar fractures and 7 had tibial fractures. The fractures healed in 14 cattle. The most frequent long-term complication was deviation of the involved long bones after healing. The degree of deviation decreased over several months’ time in most cases. Thirteen of the 14 cattle with healed fractures were used for breeding or milking and their capacity for those functions was not diminished.
Cranial tibial thrust: A primary force in the Canine stifle
Authors: Slocum Barclay , Devine Theresa 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A cranially directed force identified within the canine stifle joint was termed cranial tibial thrust. It was generated during weight bearing by tibial compression, of which the tarsal tendon of the biceps femoris is a major contributor, and by the slope of the tibial plateau, found to have a mean cranially directed inclination of 22.6 degrees. This force may be an important factor in cranial cruciate ligament rupture and in generation of cranial drawer sign.
Seasonal variation in passive transfer of immunoglobulin G1 to newborn calves
Authors: Gay Clive C. , McGuire Travis C. , Parish Steven M. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Forty-eight-hour serum concentrations of immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) were determined for 123 female calves born on 1 farm during a 12-month period and fed 2.8 L of colostrum by esophageal feeder within 2 hours of birth. Mean monthly serum IgG1 concentrations were lowest in the winter, and increased during the spring and early summer to reach their peak in September, after which they decreased. Eight of 64 calves (12.5%) bom from June through October had failure of passive transer of IgG1 (serum IgG1<8 mg/ml), whereas 27 of 58 (46.5%) bom from November through May had failure of passive transfer.
Automated serum chemical analysis in the foal
Authors: Rumbaugh G. E. , Adamson P. J. W. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Blood was collected from healthy Quarter Horse and Appaloosa foals at birth and at intervals until 18 weeks of age and then was processed in an automated system for serum chemical analysis, grouping the results by age. The test values were markedly different from those normally expected in adult horses. The greatest differences were in alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, glucose, and total bilirubin measurements. It was concluded that serum biochemical test results be compared with age-specific normal values before diagnoses are made in cases of illness.
Palatal myositis in horses with dorsal displacement of the soft palate
Authors: Blythe Linda L. , Cardinet George H. , Meagher Dennis M. , Brown Murray P. , Wheat John D. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The histologic and histochemical features of palatine muscles from 53 horses were studied; 25 of the horses were racehorses that had upper airway obstruction associated with dorsal displacement of the soft palate and 28 of the horses did not have any respiratory disorders and served as controls.
Pathologic features observed included myonecrosis, phagocytosis, mononuclear cell infiltration of perimysial connective tissue, alkaline phosphatase-positive myofibers, and myofibers with cytoarchitectural changes that included irregular staining of the intermyofibrillar sarcoplasm and sarcoplasmic masses. These histopathologic features were judged to be indicative of myositis. Those features were found in both control horses and horses with dorsal displacement of the soft palate; however, their prevalence was higher in horses with dorsal displacement of the soft palate. For the control horses as well as the horses with dorsal displacement of the soft palate, the inflammatory changes were more prevalent in older horses. The finding of myositis suggests that palatal muscle weakness may contribute to the development of dorsal displacement of the soft palate; however, the myositis might have been secondary to trauma associated with displacement of the soft palate. We could not distinguish between these 2 possibilities.
A large number of horses with dorsal displacement of the soft palate also had concurrent pharyngeal lymphoid hyperplasia. Extension of the mucosal inflammatory changes associated with pharyngeal lymphoid hyperplasia into the underlying palatine muscle might have accounted for the myositis.
Fenbendazole treatment of pregnant bitches to reduce prenatal and lactogenic infections of Toxocara canis and Ancylostoma caninum in pups
Authors: Burke T. Michael , Roberson Edward L. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
A granulated formulation of fenbendazole was tested in a total of 23 treated and control, pregnant, parasite-free Beagle bitches experimentally infected with Toxocara canis and Ancylostoma caninum. The drug was administered to each treated bitch once daily in canned dog food at a dosage of 50 mg/kg body weight. Each of 2 treatment regimens tested was initiated on the 40th day of pregnancy One regimen involved daily treatment continuing through the 14th postpartum day and it resulted in 89% fewer ascarids and 99% fewer hookworms in pups born to medicated bitches, as compared with pups born to unmedicated controls. The other regimen of treatment, which was stopped on the day of parturition, was less effective in reducing ascarid and hookworm burdens (64% and 88% reductions, respectively).
Three to 5 bitches from each of the treatment and control groups were allowed to whelp a 2nd litter without further treatment or further exposure to parasite infections. Hookworm burdens in 2nd-litter pups born of bitches that had initially received fenbendazole through the 14th postpartum day were significantly lower (P < 0.01; 85% reduction), when compared with the 2nd-litter control pups. All other parasite burdens were not significantly different.
It was concluded that granulated fenbendazole is effective in reducing burdens of Ancylostoma caninum and Toxocara canis in newborn pups when the bitch is treated during the last third of pregnancy, especially when treatment (50 mg/kg/day) extends from the 40th day of pregnancy through the 14th postpartum day.
Facial and vestibulocochlear nerve disease in six horse
Authors: Power H. T. , Watrous B. J. , Lahunta A. de 
Published: February 2025

Summary
In 6 horses, clinical signs of illness implicated a lesion involving the facial and vestibulocochlear nerves. One horse had signs of otitis externa. Five horses had radiographic changes primarily involving periosteal bony proliferation of the stylohyoid bone at its articulation with the temporal bone. Five horses improved with antibiotic therapy. Otitis media-interna was found at necropsy of one horse.
Cytauxzoonosis in bobcats
Authors: Glenn Bertis L. , Kocan A. Alan , Blouin Edmour F. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Blood from 4 wild-trapped bobcats (Lynx rufus rufus) with naturally occurring infection by an intraerythrocytic piroplasm morphologically indistinguishable from the piroplasm form of Cytauxzoon felis was inoculated parenterally into domestic cats. None of the bobcats had signs of disease at the time of capture or subsequently, but all remained parasitemic. Erythroparasitemia developed in all 4 of the domestic cats inoculated with parasitemic bobcat blood. One of the domestic cats later died and had gross and histologic lesions characteristic of those reported in naturally occurring and experimentally induced fatal cytauxzoonosis of domestic cats. The other 3 cats remained parasitemic but otherwise appeared healthy. One of these cats was subsequently inoculated with virulent Cytauxzoon of domestic cat origin and it died within 14 days. Two of the bobcats, including the one whose blood induced fatal cytauxzoonosis in the domestic cat, were similarly inoculated but remained without apparent ill effects. Schizogenous tissue forms of Cytauxzoon organisms were not found in tissues from any of the 4 bobcats or in tissues from the 2 parasitemic domestic cats that were not inoculated with the virulent organism. The results demonstrated that the bobcat is a natural host for the organism that causes fatal cytauxzoonosis in domestic cats and provides presumptive evidence that the naturally occurring bobcat piroplasm may be the intraerythrocytic form of C felis.
Clinical trials with canine distemper vaccines in exotic carnivores
Authors: Montali Richard J. , Bartz Curtis R. , Teare J. Andrew , Allen Jandel T. , Appel Max J. G. , Bush Mitchell 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Two types of killed canine distemper virus (cdv) vaccine and a modified-live cdv vaccine were clinically evaluated in four species of exotic carnivores. In 16 trials in which 13 red pandas (Ailurus fulgens) were given the killed vaccine, only 1 animal had a virus-neutralization titer that exceeded 1:100. A red panda given modified-live cdv vaccine deemed safe for gray foxes and ferrets died of bacterial pneumonia 16 days later. There was no pathologic evidence of canine distemper in that panda. The same modified-live vaccine proved to be immunogenic and safe in 12 bush dogs (Speothos venaticus), 5 maned wolves (Chrysocyon brachyurus), and 3 fennec foxes (Fennecus zerda) in which virus-neutralization titers often exceeded 1:512 and persisted for several months after vaccination.
Esophageal/gastric leiomyoma in the laboratory Beagle
Authors: Culbertson R. , Branam J. Edward , Rosenblatt L. S. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
In a colony of 306 laboratory Beagles, gastric leiomyoma was diagnosed at necropsy (n = 69) and by biopsy (n = 1). The prevalence in males and females was nearly identical (23% and 22%, respectively). The neoplasm was strongly age related (P<0.001) and was seen in 82.4% of dogs aged 17 to 18 years. In contrast to malignant gastric tumors that generally are found in the distal two thirds of the stomach, the leiomyomas were found at the esophageal/gastric junction in 94% of cases. Clinical signs could not be specifically attributed to these masses, though their recognition was important in the differential diagnosis from other more serious gastric neoplasms.
Epizootic of parainfluenza-3 virus infection in gibbons
Authors: Martin David P. , Kaye Harold S. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A laboratory-housed breeding colony of white-handed gibbons (Hylobates lar) experienced an epizootic of upper respiratory tract disease characterized by lethargy, anorexia, coughing, and serous rhinorrhea. Signs were more severe in adults than in offspring, and all animals recovered without complications. Base-line, acute, and convalescent sera from the most severely affected gibbons were tested for antibodies against a wide spectrum of infectious agents. For personnel known to have had contact with the gibbons, testing for the same agents was done on base-line sera and sera obtained at the same time as the acute and convalescent sera were obtained from the gibbons. Rising titers against parainfluenza-3 virus were detected in 6 of 7 gibbons tested. An increase in titer was not seen in the sera of personnel.
Calicivirus-induced vesicular disease in cetaceans and probable interspecies transmission
Authors: Smith Alvin. W. , Skilling Douglas E. , Ridgway Sam 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A calicivirus isolated from cetaceans is a new serotype designated cetacean calicivirus Tursiops-1 (CCV-Tur-1). It appears to have spread from an initially infected Atlantic bottlenose dolphin to a California sea lion, and was then carried by the sea lion to a second facility several miles away, where a second dolphin became infected and developed vesicular skin lesions that eroded, leaving shallow ulcers. Cetaceans and pinnipeds belong to separate orders, so this finding of interspecies transmission demonstrates the potentially broad host spectrum for yet another calicivirus.
Serologic survey of California wild hogs for antibodies against selected zoonotic disease agents
Authors: Clark R. K. , Jessup D. A. , Hird D. W. , Ruppanner R. , Meyer M. E. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Blood samples were collected from trapped or hunter-killed wild hogs (Sus scrofa) in 4 areas of California. Sera were tested for antibodies against 7 zoonotic disease agents. Antibodies against Brucella sp were detected in 21 (15%) of 136 samples. Antibodies against Coxiella burnetii were found in 50% of the collected samples (67 of 135 tested). Of the 135 wild hogs screened for pseudorabies virus, 4 (3%) were seropositive. Leptospira interrogans antibodies were discovered in 118 (87%) of the 136 samples tested. Of the 130 samples screened for antibodies against Mycobacterium avium complex, 111 (85%) were seropositive. Antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii were detected in 17 (13%) of 135 wild hogs. Antibodies against Yersinia pestis were found in 9 (15%) of 59 sera tested.
Myodegeneration in Kentucky white-tailed deer
Authors: Tramontin Robert R. , Giles R. C. , Hong C. B. , Newman Louis E. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Skeletal or cardiac myodegeneration, or both, was observed in 4 free-ranging female white-tailed deer that were found dead or recumbent and unable to rise. Gross pathologic findings included white or chalky streaks in heart or skeletal musculature. Degeneration, necrosis, and mineralization were observed microscopically in affected striated muscles. Although the precise cause of myodegeneration was not determined, changes were considered compatible with nutritional or exertional myopathy.