bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Color changes in architectural limestones from pollution and cleaning
Authors: Grossi Carlotta M. , Brimblecombe Peter , Esbert Rosa M. , Alonso Francisco Javier 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis article investigates the impact of sulfur dioxide attack, deposition of dark particles in urban environments and laser cleaning with Nd:YAG 1064 nm on color change in a range of ornamental limestones. We have used the CIELAB and CIELCH systems to compare the relative importance of the variation of each coordinate for the color change. Sulfur dioxide and dark particle deposition seems to increase the chroma, most particularly in the yellow component. Particle deposition also leads to an obvious darkening of stone surfaces. Laser irradiation at 1064 nm affects the red component of limestone, particularly if they already possess a reddish color. In general, the more intense the original color of the stone the greater are the chromatic changes, but the direction change of the color‐parameter affected by a particular process remains the same. It has always been apparent in an atmosphere heavily polluted with soot that the main changes to light‐colored stones are the exponential decrease in the parameter L* (darkening–blackening). This has important aesthetic and social implications. However, in the near future it may be that in cleaner atmospheres, perhaps more dominated by organic pollutants, a yellowing process may be of greater concern. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 32, 320–331, 2007
Ancient historical scripture and color vision
Authors: Vimal Ram Lakhan Pandey , Pandey‐Vimal Manju‐Uma Chaturvedi 
Published: June 2007

AbstractCurrent information on the ancient historical research in color vision is not complete. We found scriptural evidence for (a) Rig‐Vedic yogis having subjective experience of color during meditation with eyes closed, which was accentuated by hallucinogenic drug “soma” and “Indra” and sleep deprivation, (b) eye‐balls being pressed to induce color, and (c) rainbow‐colors. Rig‐Vedic period was about 4000 B.C.–2000 B.C. as verified by archaeologists during the excavation in Indus‐Sarasvati cities like Mohenjo Daro and Harappa, where depictions engraved on soapstone seals were found that strongly resemble yogi‐like figures. We conclude that ancient historical research in color vision should be revised based on Rig‐Veda. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 32, 332–333, 2007
Comparison of methods of parameric correction for evaluating metamerism
Authors: Li Zhaojian , Berns Roy S. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractIn practice, most metameric pairs do not achieve colorimetric equality for a set of reference conditions. These parameric pairs are composed of a residual color difference and a metameric difference. Three techniques have been used to correct this residual color difference: an additive correction in L*a*b*, a multiplicative correction in XYZ (recommended by the CIE), and parameric decomposition where the batch's spectrum is adjusted. Parameric decomposition can be viewed as batch correction using three “colorants” (process primaries) where the color‐mixing model is linear in reflectance. Most often, Cohen and Kappauf's Matrix R technique is used where the primaries are color matching functions. Alternative primaries were derived from a Munsell Book of Color and an automotive paint system using principal component analysis (PCA) and independent component analysis (ICA). 1,152 parameric pairs about 24 color centers were synthesized using the paint system and Kubelka–Munk turbid‐media theory. Each parameric pair was corrected to a metameric pair using these methods. Spectral accuracy was evaluated by comparing the corrected spectra to metameric reference spectra calculated using Kubelka–Munk batch correction. The Matrix R technique had the worst spectral accuracy under the reference conditions while both PCA and ICA had similar and reasonable accuracy. The special index of metamerism, change in illuminant, was calculated for each parameric pair using these various correction techniques to achieve colorimetric equality. The Matrix R and CIE‐recommended multiplicative techniques were statistically significantly worse than parameric decomposition using Munsell Book of Color PCA and ICA and automotive ICA process primaries. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 32, 293–303, 2007
Corresponding colors as complementary sets: Corollary to Grassman's laws
Authors: Pridmore Ralph 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe complementary linearity law can be derived from a conventional linear theories of color constancy or chromatic adaption. This is detailed and discused in this communication. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 32, 333–334, 2007
Colour displays for categorical images
Authors: Glasbey Chris , van der Heijden Gerie , Toh Vivian F. K. , Gray Alision 
Published: June 2007

AbstractWe propose a method for identifying a set of colours for displaying 2D and 3D categorical images when the categories are unordered labels. The principle is to find maximally distinct sets of colours. We either generate colours sequentially, to maximize the dissimilarity or distance between a new colour and the set of colours already chosen, or use a simulated annealing algorithm to find a set of colours of specified size. In both cases, we use a Euclidean metric on the perceptual colour space, CIELAB, to specify distances. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 32, 304–309, 2007
Observation of visual texture of metallic and pearlescent materials
Authors: Kirchner Eric , van den Kieboom Geert‐Jan , Njo Lan , Supèr Rianne , Gottenbos Roel 
Published: June 2007

AbstractWe have investigated the visual texture properties of effect coatings. The key question addressed in this work is how the visual texture properties of effect coatings can be visually assessed in a reproducible way.We show that it is possible to define two important visual texture parameters: Diffuse Coarseness and Glint Impression. These two parameters describe the visual texture under two different illumination conditions: diffuse and directional lighting, respectively. Strict definitions of these illumination conditions were found to be crucial when discussing visual texture of effect coatings. For each of these two visual texture parameters, experiments were set up, and observation procedures were designed that standardize the observation conditions. Visual tests were performed on both visual texture parameters. We found good results in terms of observer‐repeatability and observer‐accuracy. Our results show that if the visual texture of effect coatings needs to be visually characterized under different illumination conditions, such as different light booths or changing weather conditions, both diffuse and directional illumination should be included separately. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 32, 256–266, 2007
Sensor‐response‐ratio constancy under changes in natural and artificial illuminants
Authors: Romero Javier , Partal Daniel , Nieves Juan L. , Hernández‐Andrés Javier 
Published: June 2007

AbstractWe have analyzed the constancy of the response ratio for cones, second‐stage mechanisms, and CCD sensors when daylight or an artificial illuminant (A, F2, F7, and F11) is changed to an equal‐energy illuminant (E) in scenes containing natural and artificial objects. The response ratios were always found to be roughly constant for all the sensors. For daylight, we have deduced mathematical expressions, which relate the values of these ratios with the correlated color temperature (CCT) and applied these expressions to the synthesis of images of a scene viewed under different daylights corresponding to a variety of CCTs. The results were highly satisfactory in a rural scene for any CCT. In the scene with artificial objects, the results were also good for nonextreme CCTs. We also included in our study artificial illuminants, with which we achieved very good image syntheses for illuminants A and F7. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 32, 284–292, 2007
Global color impressions of multicolored textured patterns with equal unique hue elements
Authors: Sunaga Shoji , Yamashita Yukio 
Published: June 2007

AbstractA global color impression from a multicolored textured pattern can be identified. It is not clear, however, how such a single color impression can be determined from the elemental colors of the multicolored textured pattern. To investigate this question, two hypotheses were evaluated. The first hypothesis is that a single color impression is determined by the colorimetric average of the elemental colors in the textured pattern (colorimetric average hypothesis). The second hypothesis is that the impression is influenced by the color appearances of the elemental colors in the textured pattern (color appearance hypothesis). Using an asymmetrical color matching method, the authors obtained single color impressions for random‐dot textured patterns consisting of two colors with the same unique hue and brightness but each with a different saturation. Our results showed that the matched colors were not located on the line connecting the two elemental colors of the pattern, but rather were on the curved unique hue loci line. Furthermore, the chromaticities of the matches shifted toward a higher saturation than the colorimetric averages. These results support the color appearance hypothesis and suggest that a single color impression from a multicolored textured pattern is determined by a mechanism that integrates the color appearances, i.e., hue, saturation, and brightness (or lightness), of the elemental colors in the pattern. In addition, it seems that the integration of the color appearances is not a simple process, because the apparent saturation of the color impression was higher than that of the colorimetric average and the average of the chromaticities of the colors in the pattern. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 32, 267–277, 2007
Performance analysis and improvement for BitTorrent‐like file sharing systems
Authors: Tian Ye , Wu Di , Ng Kam‐Wing 
Published: June 2007

AbstractIn this paper, we present a simple mathematical model for studying the performance of the BitTorrent (http://www.bittorrent.com) file sharing system. We are especially interested in the distribution of peers in different states of the download job progress. With the model we find that the distribution of the download peers follows an asymmetric U‐shaped curve under the stable state, due to BitTorrent's unchoking strategies. In addition, we find that the seeds' departure rate and the download peers' abort rate will influence the peer distribution in different ways notably. We also analyze the content availability under the dying process of the BitTorrent file sharing system. We find that the system's stability deteriorates with decreasing and unevenly distributed online peers, and BitTorrent's built‐in ‘tit‐for‐tat’ unchoking strategy could not help to preserve the integrity of the file among the download peers. We propose an innovative ‘tit‐for‐tat’ unchoking strategy which enables more peers to finish the download job and prolongs the system's lifetime. By playing our innovative strategy, download peers could cooperate to improve the stability of the system by making a trade‐off between the current downloading rate and the future service availability. Finally, experimental results are presented to validate our analytical results and support our proposals. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Systems level analysis of osteoclastogenesis reveals intrinsic and extrinsic regulatory interactions
Authors: Kiesel Jennifer , Miller Cheryl , Abu‐Amer Yousef , Aurora Rajeev 
Published: June 2007

AbstractOsteoclasts are bone‐resorbing cells derived from the myeloid lineage that play a central role in bone remodeling and inflammatory bone erosion diseases. The receptor activator of NF‐κB ligand (RANKL) produced by osteoblasts and activated immune cells initiates the development of osteoclasts in the bone marrow. Using time series gene expression data, the intrinsic processes and the extrinsic factors that control osteoclastogenesis were identified. The gene expression profiles display distinct commitment and differentiation phases. Analysis of the time course revealed several mechanistic details, including the complex role of cholesterol in osteoclast development. Epistatic interactions and the coordination between cellular processes that regulate development were inferred from the coexpression network. The coexpression network indicated that osteoclasts induce angiogenesis and recruit T‐cells to the site of osteoclastogenesis early in the commitment phase. The resulting model provides an essential framework for a better understanding of the epigenetic program of osteoclastogenesis. Developmental Dynamics 236:2181–2197, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Tissue surface tensions guide in vitro self‐assembly of rodent pancreatic islet cells
Authors: Jia Dongxuan , Dajusta Daniel , Foty Ramsey A. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe organization of endocrine cells in pancreatic islets is established through a series of morphogenetic events involving cell sorting, migration, and re‐aggregation processes for which intercellular adhesion is thought to play a central role. In animals, these morphogenetic events result in an islet topology in which insulin‐secreting cells form the core, while glucagon, somatostatin, and pancreatic polypeptide‐secreting cells segregate to the periphery. Isolated pancreatic islet cells self‐assemble in vitro into pseudoislets with the same cell type organization as native islets. It is widely held that differential adhesion between cells of the pancreatic islets generates this specific topology. However, this differential adhesion has never been rigorously quantified. In this manuscript, we use tissue surface tensiometry to measure the cohesivity of spherical aggregates from three immortalized mouse pancreatic islet cell lines. We show that, as predicted by the differential adhesion hypothesis, aggregates of the internally segregating INS‐1 and MIN6 beta‐cell lines are substantially more cohesive than those of the externally segregating α‐TC line. Furthermore, we show that forced overexpression of P‐cadherin by α‐TC cells significantly perturbs the sorting process. Collectively, the data indicate that differential adhesion can drive the in vitro organization of immortalized rodent pancreatic islet cells. Developmental Dynamics 236:2039–2049, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cloning and embryonic expression patterns of the chicken CELF family
Authors: Brimacombe Kyle R. , Ladd Andrea N. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe CUG‐BP and ETR‐3‐like factor (CELF) protein family has been implicated in the regulation of pre‐mRNA alternative splicing, mRNA stability, and translation. Here we discuss the evolution and radiation of the CELF protein subfamilies, and report the cloning of the chicken CELF family members. In this study, we examined the embryonic expression patterns of the CELF family in the chick by in situ hybridization. We found that the tissue specificity reported for CELF proteins in the adult is established early during embryogenesis. Members of one subfamily, CUG‐BP1 and ETR‐3, are broadly expressed in the early embryo, while members of the second subfamily, CELF4‐6, are restricted primarily to the nervous system. Expression patterns of individual CELF genes in several tissues, including the heart, liver, eye, and neural tube, exhibit distinct, yet overlapping, expression patterns. This suggests that different members of the CELF family play distinct functional roles during embryogenesis. Developmental Dynamics 236:2216–2224, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Characterization of early molecular sex differentiation in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss
Authors: Vizziano Denise , Randuineau Gwenaëlle , Baron Daniel , Cauty Chantal , Guiguen Yann 
Published: June 2007

AbstractEarly differentiation in rainbow trout gonads was investigated by expression profiling and in situ hybridization (ISH). Expression of cyp19a1 and fst in females and sox9a1 in males were sexually dimorphic between 32 to 35 days post‐fertilization (dpf). After 35 dpf, the differentiation proceeded with sexually dimorphic profiles for sox9a2, dmrt1, cyp11b2.1, amh in males and foxl2a, foxl2b, hsd3b1, inha in females. cyp17a1, cyp11a1, star, nr5a1b increased only after 40 dpf in both sexes with a slightly higher expression in females. cyp19a1 expression was localized in a cluster of somatic cells in the ventral side of female gonads, and sox9a2 and amh in somatic cells surrounding the germ cells, at 28 dpf and thereafter, both in male and female gonads. cyp11b2.1, cyp17a1, and cyp11a1 expressions were only detected in scattered somatic cells in males after 46 dpf. This confirms the early implication of cyp19a1 in trout ovarian differentiation and suggests that early testicular differentiation does not need androgen production. Developmental Dynamics 236:2198–2206, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Back to basics: Sox genes
Authors: Kiefer Julie C. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractSox genes are indispensable for multiple aspects of development. This primer briefly describes shared properties of the Sox gene family, and five well‐characterized examples of vertebrate developmental mechanisms governed by Sox gene subgroups: testis development, central nervous system neurogenesis, oligodendrocyte development, chondrogenesis, and neural crest cell development. Also featured is an interview about current issues in the field with experts Jonas Muhr, Ph.D. and Robert Kelsh, Ph.D. Developmental Dynamics 236:2356–2366, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Experience with image‐guided gastrostomy and gastrojejunostomy tubes in children and adolescents with primary psychiatric illness
Authors: Korczak Daphne J. , Connolly Bairbre , Baron Tara , Katzman Debra K. , Bernstein Stacey 
Published: June 2007

AbstractObjective:To investigate the clinical experience with G/GJ tubes in child and adolescent psychiatry patients with disordered eating.Method:Health Records and Image‐Guided Therapy databases (1995–2005) identified patients with primary psychiatric illness who received radiologically placed G/GJ tubes for refeeding. Patient charts were reviewed for relevant data.Results:Nine patients who were 11–17 years old had G/GJ tubes inserted for refeeding as a result of their psychopathology. Prior to G/GJ tube insertion, adolescent inpatients were fed by NG/NJ tube for 0.5–7.3 months (mean 3.1 months) and subsequently fed by G/GJ tube for 5–60 months (mean 29 months) on an outpatient basis. No major complications or episodes of intentional tube manipulation/removal occurred. G/GJ tube feeding was effective in restoring and/or maintaining weight.Conclusion:Image‐guided enterostomy tubes are a safe and well‐tolerated method for feeding pediatric patients with psychiatric disorders and food refusal, and allow outpatient management of underlying psychopathology. © 2007 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Association between low height and eating disorders: Cause or effect?
Authors: Favaro Angela , Tenconi Elena , Degortes Daniela , Soave Manuela , Zanetti Tatiana , Nardi Maria T. , Caregaro Lorenza , Santonastaso Paolo 
Published: June 2007

AbstractObjective:Few studies have explored the relationship between stature and eating disorders (ED). We aimed to investigate the connection between height and risk for ED in a cohort of female subjects.Method:The sample was composed of 1,031 subjects with ED and 832 controls. All participants belonged to the same birth cohort and were living in the same geographical area.Results:ED subjects were, on average, shorter than control subjects, independently from the age of onset. In early‐onset anorexia nervosa only, age of onset and lowest body mass index were significant predictors of height. In the whole sample, a lower height was associated with an increased risk of having an ED, even after controlling for possible confounding variables.Conclusion:The association between EDs and low stature is statistically significant. Further studies are necessary to understand which genetic and/or environmental factors might explain this association. © 2007 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Validation of the eating disorder diagnostic scale for use with Hong Kong adolescents
Authors: Lee Stephanie W. , Stewart Sunita M. , Striegel‐Moore Ruth H. , Lee Sing , Ho Sai‐yin , Lee Peter W.H. , Katzman Melanie A. , Lam Tai‐hing 
Published: June 2007

AbstractObjective:We examined the psychometric properties of the Eating Disorder Diagnostic Scale (EDDS) in a community sample of Hong Kong school children.Method:Participants (359 boys and 387 girls), aged 12 to 19 years, were assessed on the EDDS on two occasions, one month apart. Factor structure, internal consistency, test‐retest reliability, and validity against the Eating Disorders Examination–Questionnaire (EDE‐Q) and Center for Epidemiological Studies‐Depression (CES‐D) were investigated.Results:Four groupings emerged on exploratory factor analysis: body dissatisfaction, bingeing behaviors, bingeing frequency, and frequency of compensatory behaviors. Items loaded on the same factors for boys and girls. Internal consistency for these factors was acceptable. Test‐retest reliability was high for body dissatisfaction factor but weak to moderate for other factors and for diagnoses. High concurrent validity with the EDE‐Q, and correlation with the CES‐D was shown.Conclusion:We offer preliminary reliability and validity evidence to support the further development of the EDDS as a screening instrument to assess eating disturbances in Hong Kong youth. © 2007 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Malnutrition induces dissociated changes in lymphocyte count and subset proportion in patients with anorexia nervosa
Authors: Saito Hiroshi , Nomura Kaoru , Hotta Mari , Takano Kazue 
Published: June 2007

AbstractObjective:The effect of nutritional state on lymphocytes in patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) was studied.Method:We studied total lymphocyte count (TLC), lymphocyte subsets, and nutritional markers [body mass index (BMI), insulin‐like growth factor‐1 (IGF‐I)], and serum zinc concentration) in 33 patients with AN and 10 healthy controls.Results:TLC positively correlated with BMI (r = .680, p < .001), IGF‐I (r = .609 p < .001), and zinc (r = .589, p < .001). The CD4+ T‐lymphocyte (CD4) proportion correlated negatively with BMI (r = −.301, p = .05) and IGF‐I (r = −.346, p = .023), counteracting the effect of malnutrition on TLC. However, because this increase in CD4 proportion was weak, patients with very severe malnutrition (indicated by serum zinc less than 40 μg/dL) had critically low CD4 counts of less than 200 cells/μL.Conclusion:Our findings suggest that lymphocyte counts and subset proportion change in an opposite manner in patients with AN, and that decrease in serum zinc levels is nutrition‐related. © 2007 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.