bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evolving Epidemiology of Increasing Trauma Deaths in the UNITED STATES (2000-2020)
Authors: Rhee Peter , Holcomb John B. , Zangbar Bardiya 
Published: February 2025

Background:
Over the past two decades, the epidemiology of trauma has shifted significantly, driven primarily by demographic changes. Aim of our study was to illustrate the changing landscape of trauma mortality rates and compare them with other leading causes of death.

Methods:
We performed a cross-sectional study from 2000-2020, using data from the CDC and WISQARS™. Trauma deaths were defined according to the WHO classification, encompassing unintentional injuries, homicides, and suicides. Mortality rates were calculated per 100,000 using US census data.

Results:
The analysis revealed a 91% increase in trauma mortality from 2000-2020, rising to 268,926 deaths—far surpassing the 17.8%population growth. A trimodal distribution of trauma deaths persisted, with age peaks shifting to 30-35,55-59, and above 70 years by 2020. Causes of death shifted with increases in firearm, poisoning, and fall, while motor vehicle mortality rates declined. By 2020, trauma was the leading cause of death up to age 50. Trauma remained the leading cause of cumulative deaths up to age 67 and the primary contributor to years of life lost. Death rates from cancer and heart disease showed a declining trend.

Conclusions:
Trauma has become the leading cause of death up to age 50 and remains a primary contributor to years of life lost. The largest increase in trauma deaths was noted among baby boomers and millennials. As death rates from cancer and heart disease decline, it is essential to reprioritize and reallocate resources to address the evolving trauma epidemiology in an aging and expanding U.S. population.

Level of Evidence:
Level III retrospective study
Comparison of Timing of Definitive Pelvic Fixation in Pelvic Fracture Treated with Preperitoneal Pelvic Packing or Angioembolization
Authors: Kwon Junsik , Allison-Aipa Timothy , Zakhary Bishoy , Coimbra Bruno C , Firek Matthew , Coimbra Raul 
Published: February 2025

Background:
Preperitoneal pelvic packing (PPP) and angioembolization (AE) are current hemostatic techniques in bleeding pelvic fracture patients. Concerns exist that PPP may delay definitive internal fixation of pelvic fractures. This study aims to determine whether PPP results in delayed internal fixation compared to AE.

Study Design:
A retrospective cohort study was conducted using the Trauma Quality Improvement Program database from 2017 to 2021. Adults with isolated pelvic fractures requiring transfusion within 24 hours were included. Patients underwent internal fixation and received either PPP (n=90) or AE only (n=253). Inverse probability of treatment weighting was used to adjust for confounding variables. The primary outcome was time from admission to internal fixation; secondary outcomes included in-hospital mortality and hospital resource utilization.

Results:
Time to definitive fixation was not significantly different between groups (PPP median 51.4 hours vs. AE median 37.5 hours; p=0.071). In-hospital mortality was higher in the PPP group (4.4% vs. 0.6%; p=0.009). The PPP group had longer ICU and hospital stays, extended mechanical ventilation duration, and higher rates of acute kidney injury and severe sepsis. No significant difference in transfusion volume within 4 hours was observed between the groups.

Conclusions:
PPP does not significantly delay definitive internal fixation. However, the implementation of PPP for patients with pelvic fractures may be associated with increased complications and hospital resource utilization compared to AE alone as a hemostatic measure.
In vitro activity of cefiderocol against Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from adult patients with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Ali Saied , McDermott Sinead 
Published: February 2025

Background
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that commonly infects the cystic fibrosis (CF) lung, promoting a rapid decline in pulmonary function. It exhibits significant resistance to innate immune effectors and antimicrobials by expressing specific virulence factors and by acquiring adaptive mutations during chronic infection, often proving challenging when devising effective treatment regimens. Cefiderocol (FDC) is a novel siderophore cephalosporin with activity against Gram-negative pathogens. We aimed to assess the in vitro efficacy of cefiderocol against P. aeruginosa isolates in a CF population.
Methods
The study was conducted in a tertiary hospital with a specialist adult CF service caring for approximately 300 patients. All first isolates of significant respiratory pathogens among this cohort are cryopreserved at -80°C. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing to FDC was performed as per EUCAST Disk-Diffusion (Version 10) for all stored isolates of P. aeruginosa from 2017-2022 inclusive.
Results
Eighty-five isolates from seventy-one patients were examined during the study period. The average age of patients was 30 years, with the average age at which P. aeruginosa was first isolated being 24 years (IQR 18-28) and the average age of isolation of a mucoid phenotype being 32 years (IQR 25-38). Forty-one percent (n=35) of isolates were classified as non-multidrug-resistant, 19% (n=16) multidrug-resistant, 16% (n=14) extensively drug-resistant and 24% (n=20) pandrug-resistant; with 24% (n=20) exhibiting the mucoid phenotype. With a zone of ≥22 mm indicating susceptibility to FDC, only 13 isolates (15%) were deemed non-susceptible, with an overall average disk-diffusion zone of 25.2 mm.
Conclusion
Cefiderocol exhibited excellent in vitro anti-pseudomonal activity against isolates obtained from an adult CF population.
DEEP LEARNING-BASED PHENOTYPING OF FOREFOOT MORPHOLOGY IN HEREDITARY THORACIC AORTIC DISEASES
Authors: Pizzagalli Diego Ulisse , Grego Susanna , Demertzis Stefanos 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTHereditary thoracic aortic diseases (HTAD) are often associated with multifaceted phenotypic manifestations in different anatomical districts, including skeletal abnormalities. Therefore, diagnostic criteria account for multiple parameters to compute a systemic risk score. Despite the forefoot is known to be different in HTAD, its complex morphology is difficult to be quantified objectively and it is not currently considered in diagnostic criteria.Here, we investigated the potential application of artificial intelligence to compute a HTAD risk score from smartphone-acquired images of the forefoot. To this end, we conducted a pilot study including 44 adults, of which 22 had high risk of HTAD (in line with EACTS/STS guidelines 2024 and revised Ghent criteria). The remaining 22 individuals did not show characteristic features indicative of HTAD. A deep learning architecture was then trained to compute a risk score using specific strategies to account for limited sample sizes: transfer learning and leave-one-out cross validation.The computed risk score was significantly higher in the HTAD group with respect to the control group (p < 0.0001), achieving remarkable sensitivity (82%) and specificity (91%), with an AuC of 0.94.Altogether this study highlights the usefulness of AI to assist the analysis of complex morphological traits, potentially enabling a greater number of healthcare professionals to identify patients at risk of HTAD and readily address them to a proper clinical examination.The study was approved by the Swiss Cantonal Ethics Committee with protocol number 2023-00643.
Long-read sequencing resolves the clinically relevantCYP21A2locus, supporting a new clinical test for Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
Authors: Monlong Jean , Chen Xiao , Barseghyan Hayk , Rowell William J , Negi Shloka , Nokoff Natalie , Mohnach Lauren , Hirsch Josephine , Finlayson Courtney , Keegan Catherine E. , Almalvez Miguel , Berger Seth I. , de Dios Ivan , McNulty Brandy , Robertson Alex , Miga Karen H. , Speiser Phyllis W. , Paten Benedict , Vilain Eric , Délot Emmanuèle C. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractCongenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH), one of the most common inherited disorders, is caused by defects in adrenal steroidogenesis. It is potentially lethal if untreated and is associated with multiple comorbidities, including fertility issues, obesity, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia. CAH can result from variants in multiple genes, but the most frequent cause is deletions and conversions in the segmentally duplicated RCCX module, which contains theCYP21A2gene and a pseudogene.The molecular genetic test to identify pathogenic alleles is cumbersome, incomplete, and available from a limited number of laboratories. It requires testing parents for accurate interpretation, leading to healthcare inequity. Less severe forms are frequently misdiagnosed, and phenotype/genotype correlations incompletely understood. We explored whether emerging technologies could be leveraged to identify all pathogenic alleles of CAH, including phasing in proband-only cases. We targeted long-read sequencing outputs that would be practical in a clinical laboratory setting.Both HiFi-based and nanopore-based whole-genome long-read sequencing datasets could be mined to accurately identify pathogenic single-nucleotide variants, full gene deletions, fusions creating non-functional hybrids between the gene and pseudogene (“30-kb deletion”), as well as count the number of RCCX modules and phase the resulting multimodular haplotypes. On the Hi-Fi data set of 6 samples, the PacBio Paraphase tool was able to distinguish nine different mono-, bi-, and tri-modular haplotypes, as well as the 30-kb and whole gene deletions. To do the same on the ONT-Nanopore dataset, we designed a tool, Parakit, which creates an enriched local pangenome to represent known haplotype assemblies and map ClinVar pathogenic variants and fusions onto them. With few labels in the region, optical genome mapping was not able to reliably resolve module counts or fusions, although designing a tool to mine the dataset specifically for this region may allow doing so in the future.Both sequencing techniques yielded congruent results, matching clinically identified variants, and offered additional information above the clinical test, including phasing, count of RCCX modules, and status of the other module genes, all of which may be of clinical relevance. Thus long-read sequencing could be used to identify variants causing multiple forms of CAH in a single test.
IFNγ regulates MR1 transcription and antigen presentation
Authors: Huber ME , Larson EA , Lust TN , Heisler CM , Harriff MJ 
Published: February 2025

AbstractAntigen presentation molecules play key roles in activating T cell immunity. Multiple complementary pathways are known to regulate classical MHC-I molecules at transcriptional, translational, and post-translational levels. Intracellular trafficking mechanisms dictating post-transcriptional regulation of MR1, the MHC Class I-like molecule which restricts MAIT cells, have been an area of focus; however, little is known aboutMR1transcriptional regulation. We demonstrate that, similar to classical MHC-I, interferons regulateMR1transcription. Treatment of airway epithelial cells (AEC) with recombinant IFNβ or IFNγ variably increasedMR1transcripts, while only IFNγ significantly increased surface MR1 expression and enhanced antigen presentation to MAIT cells. The MR1 promoter contains binding motifs for interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF1), an important MHC-I transcription factor. IRF1 knockout reduced IFNγ-stimulated MR1 transcription, surface expression, and antigen presentation. Conversely, knockout of Nod-like Receptor family CARD domain containing 5 (NLRC5), a critical component of IFNγ-induced MHC-I transcription, did not significantly impact MR1 expression. These findings were corroborated in primary human AEC treated with IFNγ. In co-culture experiments, MAIT cells incubated withStreptococcus pneumoniae-infected primary AEC produced sufficient IFNγ to stimulate upregulation of MR1 expression. Our data support a model where IFNγ from activated MAIT cells or another source stimulates IRF1-dependent MR1 expression and antigen presentation, leading to greater MAIT cell activation. A robust MR1-dependent MAIT cell response may be beneficial for early infection responses, allowing minimal antigen stimulus to generate greater proinflammatory activity.
Effects of tree plantations on population and roosting ecology of an endemic agamid lizard in Western Ghats Biodiversity Hotspot
Authors: Gosavi Ninad , Lad Himanshu , Vijayan Jithin , Naniwadekar Rohit 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTLow-elevation wet tropical forests support herpetofaunal diversity but are increasingly replaced by monoculture tree plantations and have poor Protected Area coverage, leaving herpetofauna vulnerable. Research on how monoculture plantations affect reptile populations remains inconclusive, and the ecology of endemic species in these changing landscapes is poorly understood. We compared densities and roosting ecology ofMonilesaurus rouxii, an endemic agamid lizard, across low- and high-elevation forests and cashew and rubber plantations in the Western Ghats Biodiversity Hotspot using nocturnal transects. We found that low-elevation forests, despite poor Protected Area coverage, had significantly higher densities ofMonilesaurus rouxiithan high-elevation forests and cashew plantations. Roost site use did not differ significantly across the different land-use, indicating roost fidelity. However,Monilesaurus rouxiiexhibited ontogenetic shifts in roosting substrate and height. Our findings highlight the conservation importance of unprotected low-elevation forests, which are rapidly being converted to monoculture tree plantations. We show that plantation types may differ in their impacts on reptile populations. We also show the utility of nocturnal transects for population estimation of diurnal lizards.
Analysis of molecular and cellular bases of honey bee mushroom body development
Authors: Kamata Shuichi , Kubo Takeo , Kohno Hiroki 
Published: February 2025

SummaryHoney bee mushroom bodies (MBs) comprise three class I Kenyon cell (KC) subtypes (lKC, mKC, and sKC) with distinct somata sizes and locations and gene expression profiles. While these KC subtypes have been suggested to function in different behavioral regulations, the molecular and cellular basis of their development remains obscure. Here, we showed that lKCs, mKCs, and sKCs are produced in that order at different pupal stages by labeling proliferating MB cells with 5-ethynil-2’-deoxyuridine at various pupal stages. RNA-sequencing analysis of FACS-sorted pupal MB cells identified genes that were upregulated in proliferating and non-proliferating MB cells, respectively. Furthermore,in situhybridization of some of these genes labeled the proliferating cells or young KCs in the pupal MBs. Our findings reveal the basic scheme of the molecular and cellular processes of honey bee MB development and suggest that they are at least partially different from those ofDrosophilaMB development.
Research on the coupling coordination relationship between new quality productivity and high vocational education sustainable development
Authors: Liu Xia , Wang Yuli , Li Shanshan , Chen Lei , Li Fanbo , Zhang Hongfeng 
Published: February 2025

PurposeThe objective of this study is to utilize empirical research and analysis to examine the coupling coordination relationship between new quality productivity and higher vocational education sustainable development.Design/methodology/approachTo this end, an evaluation index system for the new quality productivity and higher vocational education sustainable development was constructed. The panel data of 30 Chinese provinces from 2016 to 2022 were then analyzed using the entropy method, the coupling coordination degree model, the Tobit regression model and Dagum’s Gini coefficient.FindingsThe findings indicate that the coupling coordination degree of new quality productivity and higher vocational education sustainable development exhibited an upward trend, though significant regional disparities were observed, with the highest coupling coordination degree recorded in the eastern region and the lowest in the northeastern region.Originality/valueThe study’s findings further suggest that the three factors of technological innovation level, rationalization of industrial structure and advanced industrial structure have a significant positive influence on the coupling coordination degree, while the level of government intervention has a significant negative influence on the Coupling Coordination Degree. The study posits that augmenting policy support, optimizing the government’s role, reinforcing the drive for technological innovation, and enhancing regional cooperation and exchange are imperative to foster high-quality development of the integration of industry and education between new quality productivity and higher vocational education.
A Stressor-Emotion–CWB and social exchange perspective on the relationship between role overload and cyberloafing
Authors: Bhattacharjee Arindam , Sarkar Anita 
Published: February 2025

PurposeThe purpose of the paper is to understand whether, why and when role overload predicts an organization-directed CWB: cyberloafing. To do so, we utilize the Stressor-Emotion–CWB theory and social exchange theory.Design/methodology/approachThe authors collected data from 506 employees working in five Information Technology (IT) firms in India using a multiwave survey design. Results revealed support for all the hypotheses.FindingsThis study found that negative affect partly carries the influence of role overload to cyberloafing. Secondly, the results indicate that role overload has a direct and positive relationship with cyberloafing. Third and finally, we found that narcissism moderates the positive relationship between role overload and negative affect, followed by cyberloafing.Originality/valueThis paper showcases that role overload can evoke cyberloafing both as a coping mechanism and a retaliatory response directed at the organization. This paper further demonstrates that employees high in narcissism are vulnerable to stressors like role overload, and as a result, they experience more negative emotions and engage in more cyberloafing.
Architecture, tourism and smartphone photography in the Instagram era
Authors: Lindsay Georgia , Sawyer Mark 
Published: February 2025

PurposeIn this research, we seek to understand the spatially-articulated behaviours of tourists who visit and experience built environments in the social media era. Specifically, we investigate the social practices smartphone-wielding travellers engage in when photographing architecture in tourist places.Design/methodology/approachTo understand the ways that tourists use smartphones to photograph buildings, we applied a qualitative research design at multiple tourist sites in the city of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. At each tourist site, we used a mix of ethnographic and observational methods as well as full participation in smartphone photographic practices.FindingsWe describe three overlapping types of photography of architecture, which we call Instagram-style photography, Tourist-style photography and Architectural-style photography. All three orient the photographer and the photographic subject in relation to architecture, albeit in different ways, generating different meanings and deploying different competences.Originality/valueArchitecture is a central element and driver of photography at tourist sites, perhaps more so in the Instagram era than has been previously understood. While much of the research on visual social media and architecture has focused on the circulation of images posted online, we offer a new perspective on the embodied practices people engage in when they take photographs of and with architecture.
An efficient local search algorithm for the maximum k-vertex cover problem
Authors: Li Ruizhi , Wang Fangzhou , Liu Siqi , Xu Ruiqi , Yin Minghao , Hu Shuli 
Published: February 2025

PurposeMaximum k vertex cover problem is a significant combinatorial optimization problem with various applications, such as transportation planning, social networks and sensor placement. Up to now, no practical algorithm has ever been proposed to solve this problem. Therefore, this paper aims to present an efficient local search algorithm LSKVC combining three methods for it.Design/methodology/approachFirst, the quick incremental evaluation method is proposed to update the related vertex scores following each addition or removal incrementally rather than recalculating them, which can speed up the algorithm. Second, the configuration checking method forbids vertices whose configuration has not changed since the last removal from being added into the candidate solution again, which can avoid the cycling problem effectively. Third, the two-stage exchange method swaps the pairs of inside and outside vertices separately rather than simultaneously, which can guarantee the tradeoff between the accuracy and complexity of the algorithm.FindingsThe proposed algorithm LSKVC is compared with the traditional GRASP algorithm and the well-known commercial solver CPLEX on DIMACS and BHOSLIB benchmarks. For the best solutions, the LSKVC algorithm is significantly superior to GRASP and CPLEX on DIMACS instances and the CPLEX solver fails, and the LSKVC algorithm slightly outperforms GRASP on the BHOSLIB instances. In addition, we undertake comparative studies of the offered methodologies and demonstrate their efficacy.Originality/valueIn previous research, the focus on the maximum k-vertex cover problem primarily centered around exact algorithms and approximation algorithms, with limited application of heuristic algorithms. While heuristic algorithms have been well-explored for the closely related Minimum Vertex Cover problem, they have seen limited application in the context of the maximum k-vertex cover problem. Consequently, existing algorithms designed for the Minimum Vertex Cover problem do not exhibit satisfactory performance when applied to the maximum k-vertex cover problem. In response to this challenge, we have undertaken algorithmic improvements specifically tailored to address this issue.
On the derivatives of rational Bézier curves
Authors: Shi Mao 
Published: February 2025

PurposeWe identify several theoretical shortcomings in the derivative formulas for rational Bézier curves and propose a new formula for the derivatives.Design/methodology/approachDependence on control points gives a new recursive approach to the derivation of rational Bézier curves.FindingsWe present the new derivation formula for rational Bézier curves that overcomes this drawback and show that the kth degree derivative of a nth degree rational Bézier curve can be written in terms of a (2kn)th degree rational Bézier curve.Originality/valueThis paper leads to a further complete understanding of the derivatives of rational Bézier curves.