bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extraction of surface orientation from texture using the gray level difference statistics
Authors: Matsushima Hidegi , Terauchi Mutsuhiro , Tsuji Toshio , Ito Koji 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe problem of extracting orientation of an object surface from a monocular image is one of the important tasks in computer vision. Most of the existing methods for extracting surface orientation are ones using the structural features of texture such as texel and edge. However, to represent texture features statistically is shown to be effective also in texture discrimination and segmentation. Thus, in this paper we propose a method for extracting surface orientation using the statistical feature of a texture image.First, we assume uniformity of a probability density function of difference statistic on object surface; then using the fact that the difference statistics depend on the geometric factor of length and orientation, we formulate the relationship between distortion of a density function in an image caused by perspective projection and the object surface. Then we derive an algorithm for finding the object surface orientation by search based on this formulation. In addition we apply this method to simulation images and real images to show its effectiveness. This enables us to extract object surface directly from a gray level image without extracting the texel or edge (whose extraction is required in the existing methods).
A realtime model‐based facial image synthesis based on multiprocessor network
Authors: Morishima Shigeo , Kobayashi Seiji , Harashima Hiroshi 
Published: July 2007

AbstractModel‐based image coding has been highlighted recently as a high‐efficiency coding method for TV telephone and TV conference systems. In a model‐based coding system, an ultralow‐rate image transmission is realized by obtaining common models of a facial image at both sides of a communication and by transmitting only modification parameters between them. However, it is difficult to realize a realtime processing of a model‐based coding with a conventional iterative‐processing type computer since the amount of material to analyze and synthesize at both sides is very large.Realtime processing is absolutely necessary to realize a practical system using this method, i.e., highspeed processings at both the transmitter and receiver are required.This paper describes a realtime facial image synthesis method based on a multiprocessor construction with a transputer. The transputer is a microcomputer having a communication capability with multiple processors and 10 MIPS CPU performance. Using this system in a pipeline processing with 20 processors, it is possible to synthesize realtime facial images at a rate of about 16 frames per second. If only a part around the lips is transmitted, it is possible to synthesize an image at a rate of about 40 frames per second with a network using five processors.
Estimation of static field inhomogeneity and patient motion in magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Kudo Hiroyuki , Saito Tsuneo 
Published: July 2007

AbstractSome of the serious factors that deteriorate the reconstructed image in MRI are the static field inhomogeneity and the motion of the object (patient) during data acquisition. To prevent the deterioration of the reconstructed image by such factors, a priori knowledge about the static field inhomogeneity and the motion of the patient is required.This paper considers the ultrahigh‐speed imaging using the time‐varying gradient magnetic field and proposes a method which estimates the static field inhomogeneity and the patient motion from the measured FID signal and the a priori knowledge about the region of existence for the patient. When the patient is constrained within a certain region in the field of view, a strong constraint called consistency condition essentially is imposed on the functional form of the measured FID signal.In the proposed method, a simple mathematical model is applied to the static field inhomogeneity and the patient motion and the model parameters are estimated so that the consistency condition is satisfied. By the proposed method of estimation, the artifact due to the static field inhomogeneity and the patient motion can be reduced without performing an additional measurement.
Algebraic specification and automatic generation of compilers
Authors: Sakai Masahiko , Sakabe Toshiki , Inagaki Yasuyoshi 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis paper proposes an algebraic specification method for the compiler and presents a method which automatically generates a compiler from the specification. In the proposed description, the specification of the compiler is described by regarding the compiler as a function on an algebraic domain that contains syntactic domains of the source and the target languages as the subdomain. This approach provides a natural description to the essential part of the compiler, such as the assignment of the area to store the variables within the algebraic framework. An experiment is executed and the result is discussed, where the specification of the compiler of the programming language PL/0 is actually described, and the compiler is generated automatically from the specification.
Bit‐serial, high‐speed image processing system
Authors: Katayama Hiroshi , Kanie Youji , Taniguchi Keiji , Kinoshita Hiroji 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe hardware architecture of the high‐speed image processor named BINGO is described. By using look‐up tables and bit‐serial architecture, the following operations can be performed: (1) bit‐pattern operations expressed as Z = f(X0, X1, …, X8), where Xi (0 ≤ i ≤8) represent the gray levels of the pixels under a 3 × 3 mask; (2) comparisons of image data (with these operations, one derives the values of the maximum, the minimum, and the median); (3) filtering operations expressed as Z = σ(Ai. Xi), where Ai and Xi are weight coefficients and gray levels of pixels, respectively. This machine is useful as a coprocessor for personal computers and can be used in flexible image processing.
Performance analysis of the CG processor SIGHT
Authors: Naruse Tadashi , Yoshida Masaharu , Takahashi Tokiichiro 
Published: July 2007

AbstractSIGHT is a high‐speed computer dedicated to ray tracing. Its architecture supports parallelism at two processing levels: pixel‐level and operation‐level. This paper discusses the performance analysis of the processing element (PE) of SIGHT. PE consists of four units: a TARAI unit for three‐dimensional (3‐D) vector operation, an MP unit for control functions, a DBM unit for data storage, and a DMA unit for data transfer. There are two major aspects of ray tracing analyzed here: 1) concurrency of three floating‐point units (FPU's) of TARAI, and 2) concurrency of functional units of PE.The results show that 1) 2.20 to 2.62 FPUs of TARAI are active during each execution step, and all three FPUs are active for 57.4 percent to 85.0 percent of the total processing time; and 2) the pipeline operation involving the operation of TARAI and the data transfer between DBM and TARAI are achieved at a very high efficiency. The PE architecture of SIGHT has been demonstrated to be suitable for concurrent ray tracing at the operation level.
Shape quantification of handprinted numerals using recognition results and its application
Authors: Kawatani Takahiko , Miyamoto Nobuo 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis paper considers the verification of the handwriting characteristics of characters and its application to the error detection through the quantification of handprinted numerals. It is shown first that the handprinted numerals can be quantified by applying the third model of the quantification theory for the frequency information of the candidate subcategories obtained from the recognition system. Then it is verified quantitatively as the writing characteristics using the result of quantification that the same writer writes the characters belonging to the same category in the same character shape, and there exists a correlation between different categories. Applying multiple regression analysis, character quantity of one category is predicted from character quantity of other categories written by the same writer.
Estimation of light source information from image sequence
Authors: Mukawa Naoki 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis paper proposes an algorithm that analyzes shading scenes with motion based on a shading model and estimates an incident direction of a light source illuminating an object. If the incident direction of a light source can be estimated, this means that an important environmental parameter of a scene is obtained which enables precise estimation of such parameters as shape and motion in the scene. Computer simulations have been performed for computer‐generated images and real images, and it was verified that the algorithm works correctly.
Integrated expert system with object‐oriented database management system
Authors: Nakashima Yusei , Daito Noriaki , Fujita Satoru 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA scheduling domain shell that uses AI techniques was developed and integrated with an object‐oriented database management system (DBMS) for application to the field of planning in production control. This system realizes a model based on the actual production structure in the database and dynamic scheduling in order to have closed control of information in production. In addition, meta‐information descriptions and constraint processing mechanisms related to constraints in object‐oriented DBMS were developed. By doing this, a knowledge and database could be constructed and integrated with AI techniques.
Power spectrum density equation of fluctuating membrane current based on a discrete‐time markov chain model: Application to the analysis of ion channels with two and three states
Authors: Ebina Yoshio , Mukuno Mamoru , Nakajima Kazuki , Shingai Ryuzo , Hawkes Alan G. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe measured power spectrum density PWSEX of the fluctuating membrane current of neurons often differs from the well known Lorentz curve. Representing the frequency dependence in the high frequency (f) above the corner frequency as f−n, n is less than 2, which indicates that the slope is smaller than in the Lorentz curve f−2. The reason for the rise of the high‐frequency side of PWSEX is the aliasing effect produced by application of the FFT to discrete data over a finite interval.In this study, the theoretical expression PWSTH for the power spectrum density obtained from a discrete‐line Markov model is used in the analysis of the experimental data. In the practical analysis of experimental data, we assume that the number of states of a single kind of channel on the membrane of the neuron is two or three.Using the discrete‐time Markov model, an expression for PWSTH is derived. When the sampling time approaches zero, this expression approximates the known expression for the power spectrum density under the continuous‐time Markov model. The plot of PWSTH gave a good fit to the experimental data. The open time that we obtained agreed well with existing values. These results confirm the usefulness of this form of PWSTH when it is applied to processing discrete data sampled at finite intervals.
Unidirectional photometric flow fields under illuminating directions with slightly varied azimuth angles
Authors: Tanaka Hidekazu , Iwahori Yuji , Ishii Naohiro 
Published: July 2007

AbstractAs a method to reconstruct the surface shape from its shading images, a new approach is presented. This approach recovers the surface gradients of an object from three images obtained by varying the illuminating direction only in the azimuth angle direction.This paper shows that the gradient parameters can be determined uniquely from the information of input image density and its directional derivatives which are obtained by varying the illuminating directions only in the azimuth directions. The method assumes that the object is a Lambertian surface.Parameters of the illuminating direction consist of the azimuth angle and zenith angle. It is shown also that the zenith angle can be recovered analytically by using the information of image densities corresponding to more than two surface elements. Several errors are evaluated for some curved or polyhedral objects by computer simulations. These are obtained by the approximation of the directional derivatives with numerical difference or the quantization of the input image densities, and applicable conditions are shown.
D‐IAL: A diagnostic expert shell with plausible reasoning mechanism
Authors: Hori Satoshi , Ide Kiyoshi , Nakayama Yasuo , Otsubo Kunihiko 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis paper describes an expert shell, Diagnosis Intelligent Automation Language (D‐IAL), which was developed for manufacturing facility maintenance expert systems. There is increasing necessity for expert systems which assist machine operators in maintaining and repairing manufacturing facilities at automated factories. D‐IAL adopts the best first‐search algorithm and has a plausible reasoning mechanism based on the Dempster‐Shafer probability [4]. This plausible reasoning mechanism propagates defect probability in a search tree to maintain the consistency of the defect probabilities and requires less computational complexity than Shenoy's method [5] by introducing the restriction of dichotomy. D‐IAL is written in the C language so that diagnostic expert systems developed on the expert shell can operate on workstations and/or personal computers. The maintenance tasks at a manufacturing line are explained and the search algorithm and the propagation of defect probabilities which D‐IAL employs are described.
Motion field estimation based on shading models
Authors: Mukawa Naoki 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis paper proposes a motion field estimation algorithm based on a shading model from image sequences. Existing motion field estimation algorithms do not render motion field of shaded objects with a sufficient degree of accuracy. A shading model is used to analyze the scene of shaded objects so that constraint on motion and shade can be well understood and exploited. The proposed algorithm has been implemented and tested against synthetic images. Test results indicate that this algorithm reduces the motion estimation error by about 50 percent compared to the existing algorithm. Furthermore, the new algorithm also outperforms the old ones when tested against real images derived from a TV camera.
Socialization of Schoolchildren in the Islamic Republic of Iran
Authors: Mehran Golnar 
Published: July 2007

Since its establishment in 1979, the Islamic Republic of Iran has attempted to bring about a cultural revolution, aimed at replacing the old value system with new norms, building an ideal society based on Islamic criteria, and creating a New Islamic Person. In fact, one of the most important slogans of the postrevolutionary period has been: “Our revolution is a revolution in values.” Recognising the importance of the school in the process of character formation, the Iranian government has assigned the task of bringing about a revolution in values to the educational system.The purpose of this paper is to analyze the Islamic Republic's efforts to create a new generation of committed and doctrinaire Muslims through the study of socialization in schools. Socialization in this context is defined as “the process by which people learn to adopt the norms, values, attitudes, and behaviors accepted and practiced by the ongoing system.”
Amīr Arsalān and the Question of Genre
Authors: Hanaway William L. 
Published: July 2007

When a historian decides to use literary texts to help construct a past, these texts can present some interesting theoretical and methodological problems. One theoretical question that concerns both historians and literary scholars is that of genre. Generic considerations are of primary importance for the historian as he or she sifts through such diverse kinds of material as personal diaries, government documents, field reports of inspection teams, and books of doctrine or practice. The historian knows what to expect of each sort of document and by virtue of this familiarity is able to notice, for example, unexpected additions, omissions, or subtle deviations from the expected norms. This awareness of generic considerations often becomes second nature to us as we work with familiar types of material.But, alas, the specialized fields and disciplinary training of historians and literary scholars can obscure for them the generic characteristics of texts that they do not ordinarily work with.
Zilū
Authors: Afshar Iraj 
Published: July 2007

Zīlū seems to be a term of Persian origin. It refers to a type of reversible cotton floor “spread”, generally either blue and white or light brown and white in colour, which is decorated with stylized geometrical motifs and patterns. The blue cotton yarns in Zīlū are the same as those used in weaving palās, or denim cloth; the white yarns are undyed cotton (fig. 1).Zīlū were the traditional floorcoverings in most mosques in the south, central and Khurasan regions of Iran, that is, in the country's drier areas; because the yarns used in their construction deteriorate in cold, damp environments, a/a are uncommon in otherparts of Iran. Zīlū were woven to fit the shabistān and the atvān of mosques. The names of patrons and craftsmen were customarily woven into those Zīlū presented as vaqfvo mosques and other religious institutions (figs. 2 - 3).
MANDATORY ‘GROG COUNT’: THE RATIONALE FOR ROUTINE ALCOHOL RECORDING
Authors: O'Neill Pat 
Published: July 2007

AbstractAlcohol abuse is a major factor in the aetiology of sickness. Yet this factor is seldom identified in routine practice. The doctor shares the denial of the community. Optimum conditions for breaching denial are provided in a coercive situation, such as the successful Alcohol in Industry Programs.The routine recording of alcohol intake of patients at the Royal Newcastle Hospital, now in its fourth year, has considerably improved awareness there of the importance of alcohol in health problems.Failure to identify a significant causative factor in ill‐health is negligent. The need to avoid negligence may provide a potent incentive to correct assessment.
THE CASE FOR ADDICTION RESOURCE UNITS IN GENERAL HOSPITALS
Authors: Drew L.R.H. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractIt is proposed that there is need for special addiction resource units within hospitals. Persons with special competence concerning alcohol and other drug‐related problems could then assist other staff to respond effectively to the presence of such problems in their patients.The need for such units is convassed, together with reasons why they have not been developed. A number of secondary benefits relating to the function of these units is described.
THE ROLE OF THE HOSPITAL UNIT
Authors: Wodak A. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractAlcohol treatment facilities, traditionally located in psychiatric hospitals, have in Australia recently been located in community health centres. More recently, New South Wales has adopted an hospital‐based system, thus gaining access to the large numbers of patients with problems related to alcohol and other drugs. This location also facilitates the task of changing medical and nursing attitudes which is an important long‐term goal. During an economic recession, hospital‐based alcohol and drug departments may be more protected than those based elsewhere. The importance of a teaching hospital base for public education is also discussed.
SUBSTANCE ABUSE AND THE GASTROINTESTINAL SYSTEM
Authors: Wodak A. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractAlcohol causes more gastrointestinal disease than other drugs of abuse. The effect of heavy drinking on deaths from gastrointestinal disease is considerable and remains significant even after the effects of smoking are considered. The effects of alcohol occur in almost all digestive organs.A synergistic relationship between alcohol consumption and smoking in oesophageal carcinoma has been recently described. There is considerable evidence in support of an association between smoking and peptic ulcer. The complications of intravenous self‐administration are primarily dependent on poor hygiene rather than on the pharmaceutical properties of drugs used, and consist of acute and chronic hepatitis and granulomatous liver disease.The things which cause greatest havoc to the gastrointestinal system are alcohol, tobacco, analgesics, and intravenous self‐administration. Alcohol causes by far the greatest morbidity and mortality and is associated with the most widespread damage to the digestive system.
CASE STUDY: INTERVENTION IN ALCOHOL ABUSE IN ABORIGINALS — THE VIEWPOINT OF THE UNINITIATED
Authors: Burns F. Harding , Sullivan David R. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractTwo case reports are briefly described to illustrate that many young Aboriginals have obvious alcohol problems, detectable at a time when effective intervention is still possible, before serious sequelae have arisen.We found that we relied on Aboriginal health workers, because an understanding of Aboriginal attitudes had not been emphasized to us as non‐Aboriginal alcohol workers. The situation was accentuated by the teaching hospital surroundings, but these may now be compensated following dialogue with the Aboriginal health workers and their associates who assisted in these cases. We outline the facilities, principles, and some of the structure that became evident, in the hope that it may assist others who feel there is a gap in understanding between the treatment of alcohol abuse in Aboriginals, as compared to non‐Aboriginal groups.
CASE STUDY: BILATERAL CONTRACTURE OF THE TENDOACHILLES, CAUSING ATAXIA IN A WOMAN WITH ALCOHOLIC LIVER DISEASE: A PROCESS RELATED TO DUPYTREN'S CONTRACTURE?
Authors: Sullivan David R. , Burns F. Harding 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe case of a 64‐year‐old woman with alcoholic liver disease is presented. Her main complaint was unsteadiness of gait, predominantly due to bilateral ankle deformity associated with thickening and shortening of the tendo‐achilles. In the absence of other causative factors, it is postulated that this may represent an unusual parallel of Dupytren's Contracture.