bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of serum cardiac troponin I concentration in Boxers with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy
Authors: Baumwart Ryan D. , Orvalho João , Meurs Kathryn M. 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate serum cardiac troponin I (cTnI) concentrations in Boxers with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC), unaffected (control) Boxers, and control non-Boxers.
Animals—10 Boxers with a clinical diagnosis of ARVC defined by ≥ 1,000 ventricular premature complexes (VPCs)/24 h on an ambulatory ECG, 10 control Boxers assessed as normal by the presence of < 5 VPCs/24h, and 10 control non-Boxers.
Procedures—Serum was extracted from a blood sample from each dog. Analysis of serum cTnI concentrations was performed.
Results—Mean ± SD serum cTnI concentration was 0.142 ± 0.05 ng/mL for Boxers with ARVC, 0.079 ± 0.03 ng/mL for control Boxers, and 0.023 ± 0.01 ng/mL for control non-Boxers. A significant difference in serum cTnI concentrations was observed among the 3 groups. In the combined Boxer population (ie, Boxers with ARVC and control Boxers), a significant correlation was found between serum cTnI concentration and number of VPCs/24 h (r = 0.78) and between serum cTnI concentration and grade of ventricular arrhythmia (r = 0.77).
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Compared with clinically normal dogs, Boxers with ARVC had a significant increase in serum cTnI concentration. For Boxers, correlations were found between serum cTnI concentration and number of VPCs/24 h and between concentration and the grade of arrhythmia. Because of the overlap in serum cTnI concentrations in control Boxers and Boxers with ARVC, future studies should evaluate the correlation of serum cTnI concentration with severity of disease in terms of degree of myocardial fibrofatty changes.
Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns and antimicrobial susceptibility phenotypes for coagulase-positive staphylococcal isolates from pustules and carriage sites in dogs with superficial bacterial folliculitis
Authors: Pinchbeck Lauren R. , Cole Lynette K. , Hillier Andrew , Kowalski Joseph J. , Rajala-Schultz Päivi J. , Bannerman Tammy L. , York Steven 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
Objective—To determine whether coagulase-positive staphylococcal isolates that are genotypically the same strain obtained from pustules and carriage sites of individual dogs with superficial bacterial folliculitis have the same antimicrobial susceptibility phenotype.
Animals—40 dogs with superficial bacterial folliculitis.
Procedures—Samples were obtained from 3 pustules and 3 carriage sites (ie, anus, nonlesional axillary skin, and nasal mucosa) for bacterial culture, morphologic identification, Gram staining, catalase and coagulase testing, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, speciation, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE).
Results—223 isolates from pustules and carriage sites were included. Seventeen susceptibility phenotypes were found among isolates. One hundred twenty-eight (100%) isolates from pustules and 95 (100%) isolates from carriage sites were susceptible to cephalothin; 128 (100%) isolates from pustules and 94 (98.9%) isolates from carriage sites were susceptible to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid; 114 (89.1%) isolates from pustules and 82 (86.3%) isolates from carriage sites were susceptible to erythromycin and lincomycin hydrochloride; and 103 (80.5%) isolates from pustules and 70 (73.7%) isolates from carriage sites were susceptible to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. In 37 of 39 (94.9%) dogs, isolates with the same PFGE pattern from multiple pustules had the same susceptibility phenotype. In 21 of 33 (63.6%) dogs, isolates from multiple carriage sites with the same PFGE pattern had the same susceptibility phenotype.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—In dogs with superficial bacterial folliculitis, most coagulase-positive staphylococcal isolates from pustules that are genotypically the same strain will have the same susceptibility phenotype and treatment may be based on empiric antimicrobial selection or susceptibility testing of 1 lesional isolate.
Effect of vaccination with a modified-live porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus vaccine on dynamics of homologous viral infection in pigs
Authors: Cano Jean Paul , Dee Scott A. , Murtaugh Michael P. , Trincado Carlos A. , Pijoan Carlos B. 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
Objective—To determine effects of vaccination protocols with modified-live porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) vaccine on persistence and transmission of virus in pigs infected with a homologous isolate and determine clinical and virologic responses following heterologous viral challenge.
Animals—Four hundred forty 6- to 8-week-old PRRSV-naïve pigs.
Procedures—Pigs were allocated into 5 groups. Groups A to D were inoculated with wild-type PRRSV VR2332. Group A (positive control pigs) received PRRSV only. Groups B, C, and D received modified-live PRRSV vaccine (1, 2, or 3 doses). Group E served as a negative control group. To evaluate viral transmission, sentinel pigs were introduced into each group at intervals from 37 to 67, 67 to 97, and 97 to 127 days postinoculation (DPI). To evaluate persistence, pigs were euthanized at 37, 67, 97, or 127 DPI. To assess clinical and virologic response after challenge, selected pigs from each group were inoculated at 98 DPI with a heterologous isolate (PRRSV MN-184).
Results—Mass vaccination significantly reduced the number of persistently infected pigs at 127 DPI. Vaccination did not eliminate wild-type PRRSV; administration of 2 or 3 doses of modified-live virus vaccine reduced viral shedding after 97 DPI. Previous exposure to wild-type and vaccine virus reduced clinical signs and enhanced growth following heterologous challenge but did not prevent infection.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Findings suggest that therapeutic vaccination may help to reduce economic losses of PRRSV caused by infection; further studies to define the role of modified-live virus vaccines in control-eradication programs are needed.
Evaluation of lidocaine treatment and risk factors for death associated with gastric dilatation and volvulus in dogs: 112 cases (1997–2005)
Authors: Buber Tali , Saragusty Joseph , Ranen Eyal , Epstein Ana , Bdolah-Abram Tali , Bruchim Yaron 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
Objective—To determine clinical features, outcome, risk factors for death, and efficacy of IV administration of lidocaine as a prophylactic treatment for ischemic reperfusion injury in gastric dilatation and volvulus (GDV) in dogs.
Design—Retrospective case series.
Animals—112 dogs with GDV.
Procedures—Data pertaining to breed; time lag to admission; clinical, clinicopathologic, and surgical findings; lidocaine treatment; and postoperative complications were assessed for association with outcome.
Results—German Shepherd Dogs (28.6%) and Great Danes (17%) were significantly over-represented. Risk factors for death included time lag (≥ 5 hours vs < 5 hours) from onset of clinical signs to admission (46.0% vs 11.3%), rectal temperature (≤ 38°C vs > 38°C [< 100.4°F vs > 100.4°F]) at admission (40.0% vs 14.9%), presence or absence of ARF (67.0% vs 23.3%), presence or absence of suspected gastric wall necrosis (59.3% vs 16.0%), and untreated gastric wall necrosis, compared with treated gastric wall necrosis (100% vs 47.6%). Overall mortality rate was 26.8%; no significant differences were detected in mortality rate or postoperative complications between dogs that received lidocaine IV prior to surgical intervention (52.0%) and dogs that did not (48.0%). Mean ± SD hospitalization time was longer in the lidocaine treatment group (3.5 ± 1.9 days vs 2.5 ± 1.4 days).
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Presence of the identified risk factors should warrant aggressive treatment. Lidocaine treatment was not associated with mortality rate or postoperative complications, but was associated with prolonged hospitalization time.
Evaluation of transfixation casting for treatment of third metacarpal, third metatarsal, and phalangeal fractures in horses: 37 cases (1994–2004)
Authors: Lescun Timothy B. , McClure Scott R. , Ward Michael P. , Downs Christopher , Wilson David A. , Adams Stephen B. , Hawkins Jan F. , Reinertson Eric L. 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate clinical findings, complications, and outcome of horses and foals with third metacarpal, third metatarsal, or phalangeal fractures that were treated with transfixation casting.
Design—Retrospective case series.
Animals—29 adult horses and 8 foals with fractures of the third metacarpal or metatarsal bone or the proximal or middle phalanx.
Procedures—Medical records were reviewed, and follow-up information was obtained. Data were analyzed by use of logistic regression models for survival, fracture healing, return to intended use, pin loosening, pin hole lysis, and complications associated with pins.
Results—In 27 of 35 (77%) horses, the fracture healed and the horse survived, including 10 of 15 third metacarpal or metatarsal bone fractures, 11 of 12 proximal phalanx fractures, and 6 of 8 middle phalanx fractures. Four adult horses sustained a fracture through a pin hole. One horse sustained a pathologic unicortical fracture secondary to a pin hole infec-tion. Increasing body weight, fracture involving 2 joints, nondiaphyseal fracture location, and increasing duration until radiographic union were associated with horses not returning to their intended use. After adjusting for body weight, pin loosening was associated with di-aphyseal pin location, pin hole lysis was associated with number of days with a transfixation cast, and pin complications were associated with hand insertion of pins.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results indicated that transfixation casting can be successful in managing fractures distal to the carpus or tarsus in horses. This technique is most suitable for comminuted fractures of the proximal phalanx but can be used for third metacarpal, third metatarsal, or middle phalanx fractures, with or without internal fixation.
Fractures of the greater tubercle of the humerus in horses: 15 cases (1986–2004)
Authors: Mez Jason C. , Dabareiner Robin M. , Cole Robert C. , Watkins Jeffery P. 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
Objective—To determine clinical and radiographic abnormalities in and outcome of horses with fractures of the greater tubercle of the humerus and to develop a radiographic technique for obtaining a cranioproximal-craniodistal oblique projection of the proximal portion of the humerus in standing horses.
Design—Retrospective case series.
Animals—15 horses.
Procedures—Data collected from medical records included signalment, history, horse use, severity and duration of lameness, radiographic and ultrasonographic findings, treatment, and outcome.
Results—All horses had a history of acute, unilateral lameness. Twelve of 15 had visual or palpable abnormalities in the shoulder region. In 6 of 8 horses, the fracture could be seen on a cranioproximal-craniodistal projection of the proximal portion of the humerus. In 2 horses, this was the only projection on which the fracture could be seen, and in an additional 2, this was the projection on which the fracture could be seen most reliably. Ten horses underwent surgery (fragment removal, 7; open reduction and internal fixation, 2; and exploration without fragment removal, 1), and 5 were treated with variable periods of stall rest and turnout. Eleven horses returned to athletic use, including 9 of the 10 treated surgically and 2 of the 5 treated without surgery.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggested that horses with fractures of the greater tubercle of the humerus can return to athletic soundness following treatment and emphasized the need for obtaining a cranioproximal-craniodistal radiographic projection of the proximal portion of the humerus in horses suspected to have an injury in this region.
Reduced threshold for cortical spreading depression in female mice
Authors: Brennan Kevin C. , Romero‐Reyes Marcela , López Valdés Héctor E. , Arnold Arthur P. , Charles Andrew C. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe prevalence of migraine is much greater in female than male individuals. Cortical spreading depression (CSD) is thought to be a fundamental mechanism of migraine, and CSD in rodents is used as a model for migraine. We used optical intrinsic signal imaging and electrophysiological techniques to investigate CSD in C57Bl/6 mice. Using two different methods for induction of CSD, we found that female mice had a significantly reduced threshold for induction of CSD compared with male mice. These results suggest an increased cortical excitability in female mice that may be independent of the estrous cycle. Ann Neurol 2007
Anticipation and intergenerational repeat instability in spinocerebellar ataxia type 17
Authors: Rasmussen Astrid , De Biase Irene , Fragoso‐Benítez Marcela , Macías‐Flores Marco Antonio , Yescas Petra , Ochoa Adriana , Ashizawa Tetsuo , Alonso María Elisa , Bidichandani Sanjay I. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractSpinocerebellar ataxia type 17 (SCA17) is caused by expansion of a CAG/CAA repeat in the TBP gene. Most pathogenic alleles are interrupted and are stably transmitted from parent to offspring without anticipation. We identified three SCA17 families with expansion of uninterrupted alleles, thus greatly increasing the number of known intergenerational transmissions of such alleles. We found that uninterrupted SCA17 alleles are unstable, associated with anticipation, and show a paternal expansion bias that increases with age. Even small increments in repeat length resulted in inordinate increases in anticipation. Anticipation was also associated with childhood presentation. Sequencing of all SCA17 alleles is required for effective genetic counseling. Ann Neurol 2007
Aqueous reactive polyurethane prepolymer with poly(ethylene oxide) monomethyl ether side chains for the hydrophilic finishing of poly(ethylene terephthalate) fabrics
Authors: Yen Meng‐Shung , Huang Ching‐Nan , Hong Po‐Da 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIn this study, a series of aqueous polyurethane (PU) prepolymers were synthesized with 4,4‐methylene bis(isocyanatocyclohexane), poly(ethylene glycol) or polycaprolactone diol (PCL), methyl ethyl ketoxime, and dispersing centers produced by isophorone diisocyanate, N‐diethanol amine, and poly(ethylene oxide) monomethyl ether (PEO), containing different hydrophobic groups (CH3 and C6H4C9H19) at the end. The thermal properties of the prepolymers and the characteristics of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET)‐treated fabrics were investigated. The glass‐transition temperature was the highest in the CC prepolymer containing a benzene ring (C6H4C9H19) and a long PEO side chain, and it was the lowest in the CA prepolymer having a longer PEO side chain. The CB prepolymer containing a shorter PEO side chain did not produce a melting point of PEO, although a heat endothermic peak of the PCL crystal appeared. The melting point and enthalpy from PEO of the CA prepolymer were larger than those of the CC prepolymer. With respect to the hydrophilic finishing effects of aqueous PU prepolymers for PET fabrics, the fabric treated with the CB prepolymer had higher add‐on and washing durability than the fabrics treated with the CA prepolymer, which was followed by the CC prepolymer with the lowest, but the opposite trend was found for the hydrophilic properties. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2007
Kinetics and equilibrium of cobalt ion adsorption on cross‐linked polyethylenimine membrane
Authors: Shentu Baoqing , Zhu Qing , Liu Qun , Weng Zhixue 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe kinetics and equilibrium of cobalt ion adsorption on crosslinked polyethylenimine (PEI) membrane were studied by the spectroscopic method in terms of time, cobalt ion concentration, and temperature. It was found that the adsorption of cobalt ion on crosslinked PEI membrane obeyed the pseudofirst‐order kinetic model and the equilibrium adsorption amount of cobalt ion on crosslinked PEI membrane was closely related to the initial cobalt ion concentration. The equilibrium adsorption amount increased with the decrease of temperature and obeyed a Langmuir isotherm to give the equilibrium constant for the adsorption of cobalt ion on crosslinked PEI membrane under various temperatures. Based on Van't Hoff equation the enthalpy and entropy of the adsorption of cobalt ion on crosslinked PEI membrane were determined to be −12.9 kJ mol−1 and −107 J mol−1 K−1, respectively. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2007
Polymer clay self‐assembly complexes on paper
Authors: Ou Runqing , Zhang Jianguo , Deng Yulin , Ragauskas Arthur J. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractLayer‐by‐layer (LBL) self‐assembly was used to form polymer/clay complexes on paper to enhance its wet strength properties. Initially, alternating layers of poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) and Kaolin clay were sequentially deposited on quartz substrate and characterized by UV/Vis/NIR spectroscopy as a model system. The same procedure was then applied to a paper test sheet to form multilayered coatings, which were examined with scanning electron microscopy. The wettability of the LBL coated paper test sheet was shown to change from hydrophilic to hydrophobic with increased number of multilayers and if the terminating layer was Kaolin clay. The wet strength of the coated test sheet was improved by more than 270% over the uncoated test sheet with 16 bilayers of PAH/kaolin complex on the surface. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2007
Effects of clay dispersion and content on the rheological, mechanical properties, and flame retardance of HDPE/clay nanocomposites
Authors: Lee Y. H. , Park Chul B. , Sain M. , Kontopoulou M. , Zheng Wenge 
Published: May 2007

AbstractFull exfoliation of clay/high density polyethylene (HDPE) nanocomposites was successfully achieved with the aid of maleated HDPE (PE‐g‐MAn), by melt blending in a twin‐screw extruder employing a long residence time configuration. The morphology of the composites was determined using wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The effects of clay content and state of clay dispersion on the rheological, tensile properties, and flame retardancy of nanocomposites containing very small amounts of clay, in the range of 0.05–1.0 wt %, were investigated in this study. It was demonstrated that achieving a higher degree of exfoliation for nanosized clay particles is key to enhancing the rheological, mechanical, and flame retarding properties even when small amounts of clay (less than 1%) are used. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2007
Formation of microporous membrane of isotactic polypropylene in dibutyl phthalate‐soybean oil via thermally induced phase separation
Authors: Chen Gang , Lin Yakai , Wang Xiaolin 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIsotactic polypropylene (iPP) microporous membranes were prepared via the thermally induced phase separation (TIPS) process with the diluents being dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and soybean oil mixture. By changing the weight ratio of DBP to soybean oil systematically, it was determined experimentally that the cloud‐point curves were influenced to a great extent, while the crystallization curves showed much less dependence on the diluents composition. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that the resulting membrane morphologies changed significantly by varying the composition of the diluents, i.e., by changing the interaction parameter and other characteristics of diluents, the interwoven or celluar structure can be fabricated successfully at a fixed polymer concentration under the same cooling conditions. Different growth rates of iPP spherulite were obtained in the diluents with different composition. It is shown that the spherulites growth rates may be also attributed to the great variations of the final microporous morphology to a certain extent. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2007
Imaging buried landforms using down‐hole susceptibility data and three‐dimensional GPR visualization software
Authors: Dalan Rinita A. , Goodman Dean 
Published: May 2007

AbstractA recently developed down‐hole magnetic susceptibility instrument, the Bartington MS2H sensor, coupled with Multitsus FieldPro software provide a minimally invasive, rapid, and cost‐effective means for high‐resolution mapping of vertical variations in magnetic susceptibility across archaeological landforms. This technology was applied at the Dahnke‐Reinke site (32CS29), a multicomponent prehistoric site located in North Dakota, USA. A grid of down‐hole tests, each measuring susceptibility at 2‐cm vertical intervals to a maximum depth of 130 cm, was placed over a 40 m by 50 m area to map and thus understand spatial relationships between buried soils and cultural deposits previously identified in widely spaced test excavations.The susceptibility measurements were imported into GPR‐SLICE software to aid in interpretation. Two and three‐dimensional images and animations allowed buried palaeosols to be traced across the landform and revealed areas of focused human activity on these stable surfaces, demonstrating the potential of such an approach for visualizing landscape use and change over time. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A generalizing, analytic model for 2‐way cross‐classifications. extensions and ramifications. part 1
Authors: Kannemann K. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractA generalizing, analytic model is developed for 2‐way cross‐classifications with fixed class sizes The model is expressed in closed form as a simple operator formula, and is readily extended to n‐way cross‐classifications, and to such cases where one or more cells are vacuous or fixed. The model permits easy derivation, by means of simple differential operators, of the exact power moments, product moments, and factorial moments of the cell frequencies. From this, the moments of the exact sampling distribution of the conventional x2‐statistic can be computed, which, in turn, leads to a reappraisal of the Chi‐square approximation for sparse and isotropic contingency tables. Here, the Gamma distribution is considered, and numerical results are presented that would suggest preference of the Gamma approximation over the Chi‐square in such cases.
Efficiencies in multivariate paired experiments
Authors: Jensen D. R. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractLower and upper bounds are given for the asymptotic efficiency of the paired T2 test relative to the two‐sample T2 test in comparative multivariate experiments. Consistent estimates for these bounds are illustrated numerically and their relevance to small samples is discussed. Conditions are given such that each procedure dominates the other globally; when these fail the sets of alternatives are characterized at which each procedure dominates the other locally.
Validity of f‐test in a randomized block design with missing data
Authors: Dash S. P. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIn this paper the first two moments of the test criterion (Treat. S.S.)/(Treat.S.S. + Error S.S.) have been derived assuming that one observation corresponding to the first plot of the first block which is under treatment ‘m’ (say), is missing in a randomized block design with ‘V’ treatments and ‘r’ blocks. To keep the analysis simple the case of one missing observation has been considered. It is concluded that in general the design is not unbiased in YATES (1951) sense and the usual F‐test is satisfactory iff /(vr ‐ r ‐ 1)=(S ‐ S1)/(v ‐ 1) (r‐1), the block errors are homogeneous and (vr ‐ r ‐ 1) is large. The analysis of three unifornity trial data indicates that the first condition is the most important for the F‐test to be satisfactory.However, if one observation is missing at random from some plot of some block, the F‐test is unbiased. If the block errors are homogeneous and (vr ‐ r ‐ 1) GT96, the F‐test also provides a good approximation to the corresponding randomization test in this case.