bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, and fibrinogen concentration in blood samples collected via an intravenous catheter versus direct venipuncture in dogs
Authors: Maeckelbergh Vera A. , Acierno Mark J. 
Published: July 2008

Abstract
Objective—To compare prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), and fibrinogen concentration in canine blood samples collected via an indwelling IV catheter and direct venipuncture.
Animals—35 dogs admitted to an intensive care unit that required placement of an IV catheter for treatment.
Procedures—Blood samples were collected via IV catheter and direct venipuncture at the time of catheter placement and 24 hours after catheter placement. Prothrombin time, APTT, and fibrinogen concentration were measured.
Results—5 dogs were excluded from the study; results were obtained for the remaining 30 dogs. Agreement (bias) for PT was −0.327 seconds (limits of agreement, −1.350 to 0.696 seconds) and 0.003 seconds (limits of agreement, −1.120 to 1.127 seconds) for the 0- and 24-hour time points, respectively. Agreement for APTT was −0.423 seconds (limits of agreement, −3.123 to 2.276 seconds) and 0.677 seconds (limits of agreement, −3.854 to 5.207 seconds) for the 0- and 24-hour time points, respectively. Agreement for fibrinogen concentration was −2.333 mg/dL (limits of agreement, −80.639 to 75.973 mg/dL) and −1.767 mg/dL (limits of agreement, −50.056 to 46.523 mg/dL) for the 0- and 24-hour time points, respectively.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Agreement between the 2 techniques for sample collection was clinically acceptable for PT, APTT, and fibrinogen concentration at time 0 and 24 hours. It is often difficult or undesirable to perform multiple direct venipunctures in critically ill patients. Use of samples collected via an IV catheter to monitor PT and APTT can eliminate additional venous trauma and patient discomfort and reduce the volume of blood collected from these compromised patients.
Mucosal distribution of eosinophilic granulocytes within the gastrointestinal tract of horses
Authors: Rötting Anna K. , Freeman David E. , Constable Peter D. , Eurell Jo Ann C. , Wallig Matthew A. 
Published: July 2008

Abstract
Objectives—To establish reference values for the range of the number of eosinophils found in equine gastrointestinal mucosa and to describe the distribution of this cell within the equine gastrointestinal mucosa.
Sample Population—Gastrointestinal mucosal specimens from 14 adult horses euthanatized for reasons other than gastrointestinal disease.
Procedures—Gastrointestinal mucosal specimens were collected and grouped according to their anatomic regions. For histologic examination slides were stained with Luna's eosinophil stain to determine eosinophil accumulation and distribution. The mucosa was divided into 5 sections for each anatomic location, and the percentage of eosinophils in each of the 5 sections relative to the total eosinophil count in all sections was determined. Additionally, the number of eosinophils per square millimeter of mucosa was calculated as a measure of the degree of eosinophil accumulation.
Results—Lowest numbers of eosinophils were found in the stomach, and numbers increased from there to the cecum, then decreased from the ascending colon (right ventral colon, left ventral colon, pelvic flexure, left dorsal colon, and right dorsal colon) to small colon. In all gastrointestinal sections, most eosinophils were located near the muscularis mucosae and were rarely found near or on the luminal surface of the mucosa.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The distribution of eosinophils in the gastrointestinal tract of horses followed a pattern within the mucosa and between different sections of the gastrointestinal tract. The derived reference values and distribution data could be used to detect changes in eosinophil response in the equine gastrointestinal mucosa caused by diseases states.
Use of endoscopy for examination of the sacral epidural space in standing cattle
Authors: Franz Sonja , Dadak Agnes M. , Moens Yves , Baumgartner Walter , Iff Isabelle 
Published: July 2008

Abstract
Objective—To develop an epiduroscopic technique for use in standing cattle and describe the endoscopically visible anatomic structures of the epidural space in the sacrococcygeal area.
Animals—6 healthy nonlactating, nonpregnant cows (mean ± SD age, 60 ± 18.5 months; mean weight, 599.7 ± 63.87 kg) and 3 bovine cadavers.
Procedures—Cadavers were used to allow familiarization with the equipment and refinement of the technique. Following these experiences, procedures were performed in live animals. Each cow was restrained in a stock. After sedation with xylazine (0.03 mg/kg, IV), 2% lidocaine hydrochloride (0.25 mg/kg) was injected epidurally in the first intercoccygeal or the sacrococcygeal intervertebral space. By use of an introducer set (guidewire and dilation trocar and shaft), a flexible endoscope (length, 75 cm; diameter, 2.3 mm) was inserted through the dilation shaft into the epidural space. To obtain an optimal view, small amounts of air were insufflated into the epidural space through the working channel of the endoscope via a syringe with special filter.
Results—Anatomic structures of the epidural space that were viewed by means of the endoscopic procedure included blood vessels, connective tissue, fat, nerves, and the spinal dura mater. No adverse events were detected during epiduroscopy, and it was tolerated well by all 6 cows.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—In ruminants, epidural structures can be viewed via endoscopy. Such epiduroscopic procedures may be useful in anatomic studies as well as for the diagnosis of disease or therapeutic interventions in ruminants.
Determination of serologic and colostral response in late-gestation cows vaccinated with a Mycoplasma bovis bacterin
Authors: Calloway Christopher D. , Schultz Loren G. , Chigerwe Munashe , Larson Robert L. , Youngquist Robert S. , Steevens Barry J. 
Published: July 2008

Abstract
Objective—To determine whether vaccinating cows during late gestation against Mycoplasma bovis will result in adequate concentrations of M bovis–specific IgG1 in serum, colostrum, and milk.
Animals—78 dairy cows.
Procedures—Serum samples were obtained 60 and 39 days prior to expected parturition in vaccinated and control cows from a single herd. Serum and colostrum samples were also obtained at parturition. Milk samples were obtained 7 to 14 days after parturition. Samples were analyzed for anti–M bovis IgG1 concentrations.
Results—Prior to vaccination, control and vaccinated cows had similar anti–M bovis IgG1 concentrations. After initial vaccination and subsequent booster and at parturition, there was a significant difference between the 2 groups, with vaccinated cows having higher IgG concentrations. Colostrum from vaccinated cows had higher anti–M bovis IgG1 concentrations, compared with control cows; however, IgG1 concentrations in milk did not differ between the 2 groups.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Vaccination of late-gestation cows resulted in increased concentrations of anti–M bovis IgG1 in colostrum. However, ingestion of colostrum by calves may not guarantee protection against M bovis infection.
Spatial Heterogeneity of Habitat Selection of Large Carnivores and Their Ungulate Prey in Proximity to Roads
Authors: Liang Xuankai , Long Zexu , Chen Shiyu , Qi Jinzhe , Sun Buyi , Roberts Nathan James , Bao Heng , Jiang Guangshun 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTGeographic heterogeneity, encompassing both species‐environment interactions and interspecific relationships, significantly influences the ecological attributes of wildlife habitat selection and population distribution. However, the impact of geographic heterogeneity on the distribution of target species within predator–prey systems, particularly in human‐dominated landscapes, remains unclear. By conducting line transect surveys, utilizing a monitoring network, and applying logistic geographically weighted regression (GWR) in conjunction with generalized linear models (GLM), we examined the spatial heterogeneity of habitat selection by the Amur tiger, Amur leopard, and their main ungulate prey, wild boar and roe deer, in Northeast China. Our results suggest that the factors affecting the spatial distribution of predators are more complex than those for prey. More significantly, the selection coefficients of roe deer and wild boar for certain habitat factors serve as crucial explanatory variables in the Amur tiger and leopard models. Our findings emphasize the importance of spatial non‐stationarity in predator–prey habitat selections, and the heterogeneous selection by prey may drive dispersals of large felids across complex road landscapes. This study offers new insights into how to help apex predators cross road barriers by effectively managing prey habitat selection in a landscape dominated by roads, providing valuable guidance for future habitat conservation policies.
One‐pot synthesis of tunable fluorescent polyethylene glycol (PEG) polymer for antimicrobial and anticancer theranostics
Authors: Yadav Dokkari Nagalaxmi , Harijan Dinesh , Pogu Sunil Venkanna , Prabusankar Ganesan , Rengan Aravind Kumar 
Published: February 2025

AbstractPoly (ethylene glycol) (PEG), is a well‐known biocompatible and biodegradable polymer with a wide range of applications such as surface coating of nano/micro materials for improving their biocompatibility, immunological inertness, and systemic circulation. However, PEG is a nonfluorescent material limiting its application in bioimaging. So herein, a novel fluorescent PEG polymer was synthesized using a facile method. For this, in‐house water‐soluble compound [4,5‐bis‐{(N‐ carboxy methyl benzimidazolium) methyl} acridine] dibromide}] (b‐ACA) was synthesized and used to modify nonfluorescent PEG polymer into a novel fluorescent PEG polymer (PEG‐b‐ACA) by one‐pot method. PEG‐b‐ACA displayed a range of fluorescence from green to red with respect to the concentration of b‐ACA being used. The synthesized PEG‐b‐ACA mixture was evaluated for its antimicrobial and antiviral efficacy against E. coli, S. aureus, C. albicans, and Bacteriophage Lambda, and it showed significant inhibition of microbial and viral growth. The mixture was also evaluated for its cellular uptake and anticancer efficacy using 4T1 breast cancer cells, and it showed significant results in both. The results demonstrated that the PEG‐b‐ACA mixture is a potent antimicrobial, antiviral, and anticancer agent when compared with PEG and b‐ACA alone. Therefore, the synthesized PEG‐b‐ACA mixture could be an effective material for various biomedical applications.
Methylmercury Chronic Exposure and a High‐Fat Diet Induce Gut Microbiome Alterations and Intestinal Barrier Disruption in Mice
Authors: Matos Gabriella A. , Nunes‐Costa Daniela , Pinto Daniel V. , Martins Conceição S. , Silva Janayne L. , Leocadio Paola Caroline Lacerda , Andrade Maria Emília Rabelo , Raposo Ramon S. , Tiago Igor , Alarico Susana , Santos Elandia A. , Cardoso Valbert Nascimento , Santos Flávia A. , Alvarez‐Leite Jacqueline I. , Empadinhas Nuno , Oriá Reinaldo B. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTMethylmercury (MeHg) is markedly toxic to humans. Our study explores whether MeHg and high‐fat diet (HFD) can impair the intestinal barrier with microbiota dysbiosis in mice. Weanling mice were fed to HFD or standard diet for 40 days. In the last 20 days of diets, mice received either MeHg (20 mg/L) or drinking water. Proximal small intestine, cecum, and hair samples were collected. Villus length, crypt depth, villus/crypt length, mucin2 and lysozyme‐positive cell counts, ZO‐1 and occludin gene expression, and intestinal functional permeability were analyzed to assess the intestinal barrier. Blood samples were drawn to assess lipid parameters. Gut microbiome profiling was conducted with DNA from fecal/cecal samples. In addition, we analyzed ZO‐1 immunofluorescence in the colon and small intestine. HFD increased MDA, Mucin2, and reduced villus height, crypt depth, villus/crypt length, lysozyme(+)‐cell count, and increased intestinal permeability, regardless of MeHg intoxication. MeHg‐HFD combination affected the intestinal barrier, decreasing ZO‐1, occludin, and Nrf2 transcription, and increased permeability. HFD increased total plasma cholesterol and triglycerides. Only MeHg‐HFD reduced microbiome alpha‐diversity along with colonic ZO‐1 immunolabeling loss compared to non‐intoxicated mice fed a control diet. Regardless of diet, the genera Streptococcus, Psychrobacter, Facklamia, and Corynebacterium were severely depleted following MeHg intoxication. Other groups, such as Atopostipes and Jeotgalicoccus, were not altered by MeHg or HFD alone, but were significantly reduced by the combined HFD‐MeHg. Synergistic effects of MeHg‐HFD on the mucosa‐associated microbiota are more pronounced than their individual effects. Our findings suggest that MeHg intoxication does not cause extensive dysbiosis but led to intestinal barrier disruption.
Quantum Harmonic Analysis on Locally Compact Abelian Groups
Authors: Fulsche Robert , Galke Niklas 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We extend the notions of quantum harmonic analysis, as introduced in R. Werner’s paper from 1984 (J Math Phys 25(5):1404–1411), to abelian phase spaces, by which we mean a locally compact abelian group endowed with a Heisenberg multiplier. In this way, we obtain a joint harmonic analysis of functions and operators for each such phase space. Throughout, we spend significant extra effort to include also phase spaces which are not second countable. We obtain most results from Werner’s paper for these general phase spaces, up to Wiener’s approximation theorem for operators. In addition, we extend certain of those results (most notably Wiener’s approximation theorem) to operators acting on certain coorbit spaces affiliated with the phase space.
Powering precision: development of a certified reference material for elemental composition analysis of lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide (Li-NMC) cathode material for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Recknagel Sebastian , Richter Silke , Hoppe Marion , Meckelburg Angela , Prinz Carsten , Roik Janina , Abad Carlos 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This work presents the development and certification of the world’s first certified reference material (CRM), BAM-S014, for a lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide (LiNi0.33Mn0.33Co0.33O2 or Li-NMC 111) cathode material—an integral component in high-energy-density lithium-ion batteries that power electric vehicles (EVs), portable electronics, and stationary energy storage systems. By providing certified mass fractions for 11 elements, this CRM addresses a critical need for accurate and traceable elemental analysis, supporting quality control and regulatory compliance in the global battery industry. Ensuring reliable and harmonized measurements supports the efficient use of resources, including the reuse of recycled materials, and ultimately helps maintain product performance and safety. The values were assigned through an interlaboratory comparison involving 16 participating laboratories and various analytical techniques such as inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry, and combustion analysis. In addition to chemical characterization, the certification process includes homogeneity and stability testing of the candidate material. Details are provided on the analytical methods used for chemical characterization and the calculation of the uncertainties of the certified mass fractions. In addition to detailing the development of the CRMs, this work provides an overview of ongoing standardization activities in Li-component analysis, thereby guiding the calibration of analytical methods and contributing to the establishment of globally accepted standards for evaluating energy storage materials and advancing sustainable mobility and clean energy solutions.

Graphical Abstract
Reflectometric-based sensor arrays for the screening of kinase-inhibitor interactions and kinetic determination
Authors: Wurster Viola , Fechner Peter , Proll Günther , Pamies-Cuberos Rebecca , Frech Matthias , Baumgärtner Jens , Malissa Antonia , Marchetti-Deschmann Martina , Ivleva Natalia P. , Saal Christoph , Fuchs Sebastian , Moniot Sébastien , Göttsche Anja , Huhn Carolin 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Kinases are involved in numerous cellular processes but possibly also in tumor progression. Several kinase inhibitors are approved as drugs and there is an intense search for new inhibitors in pharmaceutical research. In this study, we present a new analytical method based on reflectometric interference spectroscopy, RIfS, for kinase and inhibitor screening. First, the sensor surface was optimized to reduce non-specific binding. Different inhibitors, e.g. staurosporine or fasudil, were immobilized on the transducer surface. Different kinases (focal adhesion kinase and cAMP-dependent protein kinase) were flushed over the sensor with the immobilized inhibitors. The specific interaction was proven by binding inhibition assays. The kinase-inhibitor interaction was monitored label-free and recorded in real time allowing the binding curves to be used to determine the association and dissociation rate constants as well as the affinity. These constants differed depending on the specific kinase-inhibitor pair, which was well expected from parallel docking simulations and measurements with microscale thermophoresis. The strategy was successfully transferred to 1-lambda reflectometry, a modification of RIfS, to enable the simultaneous monitoring of several kinase-inhibitor interactions in 5×7 small spots increasing throughput and automation on a sensor array with imaging detection. Importantly, the techniques developed here can provide both kinetic and thermodynamic data for a multitude of kinases in a single screening approach, which allows for both protein kinase and inhibitor screening.

Graphical Abstract
The agreement of the OMERACT grey-scale ultrasound scoring system for salivary glands and minor salivary gland biopsy results in a single-center cohort of patients with suspected Sjögren’s disease
Authors: Schmidt Nanna Surlemont , Fana Viktoria , Georgiadis Stylianos , Døhn Uffe Møller , Terslev Lene 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Objective
Salivary gland ultrasound (SGUS) is a non-invasive tool for the evaluation of parenchymal changes related to primary Sjögrens disease (pSjD) with the potential to reduce the need for minor salivary gland biopsies when diagnosing patients with pSjD. The aim was to assess the agreement between SGUS findings and minor salivary gland biopsy results in patients suspected of pSjD.

Methods
All patients referred with a suspicion of pSjD and scheduled for a diagnostic minor salivary gland biopsy were included in the period 2017–2021. All underwent SGUS of the parotid and submandibular glands bilaterally, Schirmer’s test, unstimulated salivary flow, and blood samples including autoantibody analysis. Changes in the four glands were scored 0–3 using a previously developed ultrasound atlas based on the OMERACT SGUS scoring system for pSjD. All biopsies were scored at the same pathology department and a focus score > 1 was indicative of pSjD.

Results
Of 103 patients included, 43 (42%) were diagnosed with pSjD and 40 (39%) fulfilled the 2016 ACR/EULAR classification criteria. Thirty-two (31%) had a positive minor salivary gland biopsy. The sensitivity of SGUS score ≥ 2 in at least 1 gland was 0.59 and the specificity 0.75. The positive predictive and negative predictive values were 0.51 and 0.80, respectively. The agreement slightly improved when combined with an abnormal salivary flow rate or abnormal Schirmer’s test.

Conclusion
In patients with suspected pSjD, we found good agreement between the OMERACT SGUS scoring system and minor salivary gland biopsy; however, SGUS cannot yet fully replace biopsy in the diagnostic setup of SjD.
Inference from eDNA-based field distributions vs laboratory analysis of isolated strains: physiological performance of non-marine Antarctic biota
Authors: Novis Phil M. , Monks Adrian , Hunt John E. , Adams Byron , Dhami Manpreet K. , Kim Ji Hee , Mitchell Caroline , Morgan Fraser , Hawes Ian , Aislabie Jackie , Broady Paul 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Environmental DNA (eDNA) is frequently used to infer distributions of microorganisms in Antarctica. Their distributions relative to environmental variables are, in turn, sometimes used to infer their physiological range (and a relationship between the two is generally assumed for conservation purposes). We sought to determine whether ecological inferences based on distributions accurately reflect tolerances of the organisms concerned, using 249 legacy non-marine samples from a latitudinal gradient between 72 and 86°S, Antarctica. A cyanobacterium, a heterotrophic bacterium, two eukaryotic algae, two fungi, and a moss were isolated into culture, and their field distributions inferred using eDNA analysis of the samples above. Tolerances of each organism with respect to environmental predictors were then inferred from the eDNA distribution and metadata using Generalised Additive Models. We then measured growth of the cultured isolates in response to a set of these predictors. Laboratory responses were then compared to inferences from the eDNA/metadata. Predictions from eDNA/metadata agreed with the results of physiological laboratory experiments for strains that were detected at high taxonomic resolution in the field samples. However, errors were never completely eliminated, and direct contradictions occurred when strains were represented at lower taxonomic resolution in the field data. We found that accurate ecological inference from eDNA studies would be best achieved via maximising both taxonomic resolution (through marker choice/read length) and ecological signal (through careful sampling design and rigorous metadata collection).
Postoperative stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) vs hypofractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT) for resected brain metastases – a single centre analysis
Authors: Kretzschmar Lena , Gabrys Hubert , Joye Anja , Kraft Johannes , Guckenberger Matthias , Andratschke Nicolaus 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Postoperative radiotherapy improves local control (LC) after resection of brain metastases. In comparison to whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) to resection cavity significantly reduces cognitive side effects. However, two phase-III trials have reported suboptimal LC with SRS, leading to increased interest in hypofractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT) as an alternative to improve outcomes. This single-centre study, based on a prospective quality assurance protocol, included 161 patients with 185 resected brain metastases treated with either SRS or SRT between February 2018 and June 2023. Patients were assigned to treatment based on cavity size, with SRS typically used for cavities < 10 cc and SRT for larger volumes. Primary and secondary endpoints were LC and radiation necrosis (RN), respectively. Data analysis was conducted retrospectively. Median cavity size was 13.3 cc, with 20% of cavities receiving SRS and 80% SRT. 12-month LC was 92.6% (95-CI: 88.2 – 97.3%), 12-month RN incidence was 9% (95-CI: 3–14%), with RN limited to CTCAE v5 ≤ 2. In cavities < 10 cc, no significant difference in LC was found between SRS and SRT. For cavities > 10 cc, PTV volume was the only significant predictor of LC, while fractionation and dose did not significantly impact outcomes. SRS and SRT both offer excellent LC for resection cavities < 10 cc with low rates of RN, suggesting SRS as the preferred treatment in this collective, in consideration of patient comfort and resource allocation. In larger cavities, PTV volume significantly influences LC. Dose escalation might be beneficial in improving outcomes in these cases.