bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Entwicklung eines Anwenderprogramms zur Optimierung der Bediensicherheit einer verfahrenstechnischen Anlage
Authors: Löwe K. , Widiputri D. I. , Löher H.‐J. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractObwohl die Hauptursachen von Unfällen in der verfahrenstechnischen Industrie im Bereich des Human Factors (menschlicher Faktor) liegen, sind systematische Untersuchungen dieser Problematik nur sehr selten anzutreffen. Dies lässt sich darauf zurückführen, dass zum einen die Hintergründe menschlicher Fehler nur wenig bekannt sind und zum anderen die entsprechenden Analysemethoden fehlen. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wird ein neu entwickeltes Softwaretool (Process Industry Tool for Operator Action Analysis – PITOPA) vorgestellt. Mit Hilfe dieses Programms können Fehler in den Bedienhandlungen und deren Konsequenzen systematisch analysiert werden. Darüber hinaus lässt sich der Einfluss der verschiedenen Faktoren, die den Bediener bei der Durchführung einer Aufgabe beeinflussen, identifizieren sowie quantifizieren. Somit können Human Factor bedingte Sicherheitslücken erkannt und der Prozess sicherer und effizienter gestaltet werden.
Integrale Analyse der Batch‐Rektifikation mit Mittelbehälter
Authors: Gruetzmann S. , Fieg G. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractDie Batch‐Rektifikation mit Mittelbehälter ist eine thermisch und stofflich gekoppelte Anordnung zweier Kolonnensektionen zur absatzweisen Auftrennung von Mehrkomponentengemischen. Sie stellt eine attraktive Alternative zur herkömmlichen Batch‐Rektifikation dar, insbesondere zur Auftrennung von Dreikomponentengemischen. Eine integrale Analyse aller relevanten Einflussgrößen (Konfigurations‐, Design‐ und Betriebsparameter) führt zur wichtigen Erkenntnisgewinnung in den Bereichen Prozesssynthese und Prozessführung. Der Beitrag berücksichtigt beide Aspekte und diskutiert den aktuellen Stand der Forschung. Im Bereich der Prozesssynthese wird eine neue Methodik vorgeschlagen, um die genannten Einflussgrößen simultan zu optimieren. Zudem wird auf Basis einer dynamischen Optimierung eine robuste Prozessführung entwickelt, deren Zielsetzung es ist, den Prozess auf einfache Weise nahezu optimal zu betreiben.
Stiftung Elektro‐Altgeräte‐Register – Effiziente und zukunftsweisende Umsetzung der Produktverantwortung der Hersteller
Authors: Theusner Hartmut 
Published: October 2007

AbstractIm Januar 2003 trat die EU Richtlinie zur Reduktion der zunehmenden Menge an Elektronikschrott aus nicht mehr benutzten Elektro‐ und Elektronikgeräten in Kraft. Ziel dieser Richtlinie ist es, durch eine erweiterte Herstellerverantwortung zunehmende Mengen an Elektronikschrott zu vermeiden oder zumindest zu verringern und umweltverträglich zu entsorgen. Die Umsetzung der Richtlinie in deutsches Recht erfolgte 2005 mit Inkrafttreten des Elektro‐ und Elektronikgerätegesetz (ElektroG). Dabei nimmt die Stiftung Elektro‐Altgeräte Register eine zentrale Funktion ein, da sie die Behörde ist, die die Abläufe zur Erfüllung der Pflichten aus dem ElektroG koordiniert. Wie kommt es, dass eine Bundesbehörde den Namen Stiftung Elektro‐Altgeräte‐Register (EAR) trägt? Warum ist dieselbe Stiftung EAR auch die „Gemeinsame Stelle der Hersteller”︁ und außerdem eine öffentliche Stiftung bürgerlichen Rechts? Seit wann werden Bundesbehörden in Deutschland quasi „privat betrieben”︁? Wie kann eine private Institution die nötige Distanz zu ihren Gründern (= Stiftern) und damit Sicherheit gegen Missbrauch sensibler Daten bieten? Wie kann es sein, dass eine „Gemeinsame Stelle der Hersteller”︁ nicht die Herstellerinteressen vertritt und völlig unabhängig von Verbandsinteressen agiert, ja sie sogar nötigenfalls gerichtlich abwehrt? Warum hat die Stiftung EAR nichts mit Entsorgung zu tun, wenn sie doch die Abholungen an den kommunalen Übergabestellen anordnet? Und was hat das alles mit Produkthaftung zu tun? Viele Fragen, die sich alle an einem neuen Konstrukt entzünden.
Thermisch unterstützte Bodenreinigung durch direkte Erwärmung mittels Radiowellen – Teil 1: Grundlagen und verfahrenstechnische Aspekte
Authors: Roland U. , Holzer F. , Buchenhorst D. , Kopinke F.‐D. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractDie dielektrische Erwärmung von Feststoffen, vorzugsweise mit Mikro‐ und Radiowellen, ermöglicht es, die Energie unabhängig von Stoffströmen direkt in das Volumen des Materials einzubringen. Diese Methode erlaubt es, Temperatureffekte in vielen Bereichen der Umwelttechnik auszunutzen und beispielsweise Reinigungsverfahren für Abluft und kontaminierte Böden effektiver zu gestalten. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit sollen unterschiedliche Aspekte der Anwendung von Radiowellen (RW) für die In‐situ‐Bodenreinigung vorgestellt werden, wobei Inhalt des ersten Teils grundlegende verfahrenstechnische Fragen der Erwärmung mittels RW wie die Realisierung unterschiedlicher Temperaturprofile und die Energieeffizienz sind.
Konzeptioneller Entwurf von Reaktions‐Destillations‐Prozessen mit Näherungsverfahren
Authors: Kossack S. , Refinius A. , Brüggemann S. , Marquardt W. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractIn der Prozessentwicklung werden die Weichen für die spätere Wirtschaftlichkeit einer chemischen Anlage gestellt. Der herkömmliche Entwurfsprozess beruht dabei vor allem auf Erfahrungswissen und der Evaluation einzelner Alternativen mit Fließbildsimulatoren. Insbesondere die Optimierung des Betriebspunktes wird dabei von den herkömmlichen Werkzeugen nur unzureichend unterstützt, dabei ist ein Vergleich verschiedener Prozessalternativen nur am optimierten Betriebspunkt sinnvoll. Zur Bestimmung dieses optimalen Betriebspunktes wird in dieser Arbeit ein Prozess mit Hilfe von Näherungsverfahren modelliert. Durch die resultierende, kompakte Problemformulierung ist eine numerische Optimierung möglich. Für die Prozessalternativen zur Herstellung von ETBE wird dieses Optimierungsproblem beispielhaft formuliert und gelöst, sodass die beste Prozessalternative gefunden werden kann.
Annual report to the nation on the status of cancer, 1975–2004, featuring cancer in American Indians and Alaska Natives
Authors: Espey David K. , Wu Xiao‐Cheng , Swan Judith , Wiggins Charles , Jim Melissa A. , Ward Elizabeth , Wingo Phyllis A. , Howe Holly L. , Ries Lynn A. G. , Miller Barry A. , Jemal Ahmedin , Ahmed Faruque , Cobb Nathaniel , Kaur Judith S. , Edwards Brenda K. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND.The American Cancer Society, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the National Cancer Institute, and the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries collaborate annually to provide updated information on cancer occurrence and trends in the U.S. The 2007 report features a comprehensive compilation of cancer information for American Indians and Alaska Natives (AI/AN).METHODS.Cancer incidence data were available for up to 82% of the U.S. population. Cancer deaths were available for the entire U.S. population. Long‐term (1975 through 2004) and fixed‐interval (1995 through 2004) incidence and mortality trends were evaluated by annual percent change using regression analyses (2‐sided P < .05). Cancer screening, risk factors, socioeconomic characteristics, incidence data, and stage were compiled for non‐Hispanic whites (NHW) and AI/AN across 6 regions of the U.S.RESULTS.Overall cancer death rates decreased by 2.1% per year from 2002 through 2004, nearly twice the annual decrease of 1.1% per year from 1993 through 2002. Among men and women, death rates declined for most cancers. Among women, lung cancer incidence rates no longer were increasing and death rates, although they still were increasing slightly, were increasing at a much slower rate than in the past. Breast cancer incidence rates in women decreased 3.5% per year from 2001 to 2004, the first decrease observed in 20 years. Colorectal cancer incidence and death rates and prostate cancer death rates declined, with colorectal cancer death rates dropping more sharply from 2002 through 2004. Overall, rates for AI/AN were lower than for NHW from 1999 through 2004 for most cancers, but they were higher for cancers of the stomach, liver, cervix, kidney, and gallbladder. Regional analyses, however, revealed high rates for AI/AN in the Northern and Southern Plains and Alaska. For cancers of the breast, colon and rectum, prostate, and cervix, AI/AN were less likely than NHW to be diagnosed at localized stages.CONCLUSIONS.For all races/ethnicities combined in the U.S., favorable trends in incidence and mortality were noted for lung and colorectal cancer in men and women and for breast cancer in women. For the AI/AN population, lower overall cancer incidence and death rates obscured important variations by geographic regions and less favorable healthcare access and socioeconomic status. Enhanced tobacco control and cancer screening, especially in the Northern and Southern Plains and Alaska, emerged as clear priorities. Cancer 2007;110:2119–52. Published 2007 by the American Cancer Society.
New method for measuring an optical property of a printed sample on FWA‐treated paper
Authors: Imura Kenji 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe recently introduced virtual fluorescent standard (VFS) method for measuring an optical property of a sample treated by fluorescent whitening agent (FWA) was applied to a printed sample on FWA‐treated paper. The primary difficulty of this application is that the bi‐spectral luminescent radiance factor of the paper substrate is specifically modified by the ink films printed and each sample has the specific bi‐spectral luminescent radiance factor. In this study, the difficulty is handled by two different, orthodox and abridged, approaches. In the orthodox approach, the effective bi‐spectral luminescent radiance factor of a printed sample is estimated based on the effective spectral transmittance, which is also estimated, of the ink films printed. In the abridged approach, the effective spectral transmittance of the ink films is considered to be spectrally neutral and accordingly the effective bi‐spectral luminescent radiance factor of the printed sample is regarded as relatively identical or close to that of the paper. The performances of the VFS method by both approaches were examined with 28 samples printed by a laser printer with 7 primaries Y, M, C, K, R, G, B at 25, 50, 75, 100% dot areas on FWA‐treated paper. The results show that the performances of both approaches are remarkable at least for those samples and the abridged approach has the performance close to that of the orthodox approach for most of the samples. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 32, 449–462, 2007
A tentative proposal for integrated photometric system, and its application to luminous colors
Authors: Nayatani Yoshinobu , Sakai Hideki 
Published: October 2007

AbstractA new proposal tentatively called “integrated photometric system” is given together with a detailed explanation of its structure. The proposal gives the following procedures: step 1 can determine CIE photometric quantities, step 2 can determine their perceived‐photometric correlates by applying the correction to the quantities derived in step 1. The present proposal solves the problem of coexistence of the two kinds of expected requirements in photometry suggested by Judd. In the present article, the formulas used in the step 2 are given only for luminous colors. The formulas for object colors will be given in a future article. Five applications of luminous colors are given for the step 2 of the proposed system. These applications will make it possible to promote the use of the proposed photometric system. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 32, 440–448, 2007
Experimental determination of laws of color harmony. Part 1: Harmony content of different scales with similar hue
Authors: Nemcsics Antal 
Published: October 2007

AbstractIn 1956 we came to the decision at the Budapest Technical University to start large scale experiments on color harmony. The experiments and the processing of the experimental results have been completed in 2006, after 50 years of research work. Within the frame of the experiments 95 000 participants have carried out more than 36 million elementary observations and made elementary decisions. Only certain parts of the experimental results have been published up to now. This article starts publishing the results not published yet. Research work on color harmony carried out during these 50 years can be categorized into seven main groups. The present article deals with the group of experiments testing how much the harmony content of the scales found in different locations in various positions of the axial sections of the Coloroid color system differ from each other. Our experiments were focused to three groups: we examined the variations in the extent of harmony content in the following cases (1) scales carried by lines with different angles to the gray axis, consisting of colors having the same number of harmony intervals between them, (2) scales consisting of colors being parallel to the gray axis, featuring various saturations, having different harmony intervals between them, and (3) scales perpendicular to the gray axis, with different luminosity, having different harmony intervals between each other. The examined color scales contained six colors in each experiment. Experiments were carried out for 24 different axial sections of the Coloroid color system. After 15‐years interruption experiments were repeated; however, with compositions of different appearances. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 32, 477–488, 2007
Muscle–epidermis interactions affect exoskeleton patterning in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Broday Limor , Hauser Craig A. , Kolotuev Irina , Ronai Ze'ev 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe C. elegans hypodermis is a single epithelial cell layer separated from the musculature by a thin basement membrane on its basal surface. The hypodermis secretes the extracellular material of the cuticle from its apical surface. The regulation of cuticle synthesis and apical secretion is not well understood. UNC‐95 is a component of the muscle dense bodies and M‐lines, which are integrin‐based adhesion complexes required for force transduction to the cuticle. Using gene expression profiling and in vivo assays, we show that, in unc‐95 mutant worms, there is an increase in expression levels of a group of hypodermal and pharyngeal genes related to cuticle structure and molting. Moreover, the cuticle structure of unc‐95 mutant adult is impaired. Our findings suggest that aberrant force transduction from the structurally impaired muscle attachments across the basement membrane to the underlying hypodermis elicits intercellular signaling that plays a role in regulating cuticle synthesis and patterning. Developmental Dynamics 236:3129–3136, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mouse Ripply2 is downstream of Wnt3a and is dynamically expressed during somitogenesis
Authors: Biris Kristin K. , Dunty William C. , Yamaguchi Terry P. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractSomites are blocks of mesoderm that form when segment boundaries are periodically generated in the anterior presomitic mesoderm (PSM). Periodicity is thought to be driven by an oscillating Notch‐centered segmentation clock, whereas boundaries are spatially positioned by the secreted signaling molecules Wnt3a and Fgf8. We identified the putative transcriptional corepressor Ripply2 as a differentially expressed gene in wild‐type and Wnt3a−/− embryos. Here, we show that Ripply2 is expressed in the anterior PSM and that it indeed lies downstream of Wnt3a. Dynamic Ripply2 expression in prospective somites S0 and S‐I overlaps with the rostral expression of cycling genes in the Notch pathway, suggesting that Ripply2 may be controlled by the segmentation clock. Continued expression of Ripply2 in embryos lacking Hes7, a molecular oscillator in the Notch clock, indicates that Hes7 is not a major regulator of Ripply2. Our data are consistent with Ripply2 functioning as a segment boundary determination gene during mammalian embryogenesis. Developmental Dynamics 236:3167–3172, 2007. Published 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Tol2kit: A multisite gateway‐based construction kit for Tol2 transposon transgenesis constructs
Authors: Kwan Kristen M. , Fujimoto Esther , Grabher Clemens , Mangum Benjamin D. , Hardy Melissa E. , Campbell Douglas S. , Parant John M. , Yost H. Joseph , Kanki John P. , Chien Chi‐Bin 
Published: October 2007

AbstractTransgenesis is an important tool for assessing gene function. In zebrafish, transgenesis has suffered from three problems: the labor of building complex expression constructs using conventional subcloning; low transgenesis efficiency, leading to mosaicism in transient transgenics and infrequent germline incorporation; and difficulty in identifying germline integrations unless using a fluorescent marker transgene. The Tol2kit system uses site‐specific recombination‐based cloning (multisite Gateway technology) to allow quick, modular assembly of [promoter]–[coding sequence]–[3′ tag] constructs in a Tol2 transposon backbone. It includes a destination vector with a cmlc2:EGFP (enhanced green fluorescent protein) transgenesis marker and a variety of widely useful entry clones, including hsp70 and beta‐actin promoters; cytoplasmic, nuclear, and membrane‐localized fluorescent proteins; and internal ribosome entry sequence–driven EGFP cassettes for bicistronic expression. The Tol2kit greatly facilitates zebrafish transgenesis, simplifies the sharing of clones, and enables large‐scale projects testing the functions of libraries of regulatory or coding sequences. Developmental Dynamics 236:3088–3099, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The zebrafish, brain‐specific, aromatase cyp19a2 is neither expressed nor distributed in a sexually dimorphic manner during sexual differentiation
Authors: Kallivretaki Evangelia , Eggen Rik I.L. , Neuhauss Stephan C.F. , Kah Olivier , Segner Helmut 
Published: October 2007

AbstractDifferential cyp19 aromatase expression during development leads to sexual dimorphisms in the mammalian brain. Whether this is also true for fish is unknown. The aim of the current study has been to follow the expression of the brain‐specific aromatase cyp19a2 in the brains of sexually differentiating zebrafish. To assess the role of cyp19a2 in the zebrafish brain during gonadal differentiation, we used quantitative reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry to detect differences in the transcript or protein levels and/or expression pattern in juvenile fish, histology to monitor the gonadal status, and double immunofluorescence with neuronal or radial glial markers to characterize aromatase‐positive cells. Our data show that cyp19a2 expression levels during zebrafish sexual differentiation cannot be assigned to a particular sex; the expression pattern in the brain is similar in both sexes and aromatase‐positive cells appear to be mostly of radial glial nature. Developmental Dynamics 236:3155–3166, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Coping with academic failure, a study of Dutch children with dyslexia
Authors: Singer Elly 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThis paper reports the results of a study of strategies that Dutch children with dyslexia employ to cope with recurrent academic failure. All of the students in the study had developed strategies for protecting their self‐esteem. Using Harter's theory of coping with discrepancies between performance and standards, we distinguish four strategies: (1) working hard and committing to standards, (2) lowering standards, (3) seeking support from significant others (i.e. parents and teachers), and (4) avoiding comparisons with significant others (i.e. peers). Although self‐talk emerged as an important component of all four strategies, it was employed both adaptively (e.g. to preserve the students' belief in their own academic capacities) and maladaptively (e.g. to devalue the importance of learning). The students relied most strongly on support from their parents; teachers and peers were more likely to be seen as threats to self‐esteem. Strategies of teachers and parents to encourage adaptive coping with recurrent academic failure are confirming the student's self‐worth, explaining dyslexia, showing faith in the student's capacities, fostering adaptive self‐talk, providing educational treatment, and preventing teasing and bullying. Besides that, teachers and parents should cooperate. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Generalized Pareto models with application to drought data
Authors: Nadarajah Saralees 
Published: October 2007

AbstractGeneralized Pareto distributions are some of the most applied distributions in environmental sciences. In this paper, a drought application is described by deriving the exact distributions of the sum X + Y, the product XY, and the ratio X/(X + Y) when X and Y are independent generalized Pareto random variables. Drought data from the State of Nebraska are used. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
New compounds from the essential oil of Vetiveria nigritana roots from Mali
Authors: Champagnat Pascal , Bessière Jean‐Marie , Chezal Jean‐Michel , Chalchat Jean‐Claude , Carnat André‐Paul 
Published: October 2007

AbstractEssential oil from roots (2% w/w) of Vetiveria nigritana (Benth.) Stapf (Poaceae) from Mali was analysed by GC–MS. Among the components, four new compounds were isolated from the oil and identified by combination of EI–MS and NMR data; they were two norsesquiterpene hydrocarbons, 9,9‐dimethyl‐8‐methylenetricyclo[5.2.2.03,7]undec‐3‐ene (dehydronigritene 1) and 8,9,9‐trimethyltricyclo[5.2.2.03,7]undec‐3‐ene (nigritene 2), and two sesquiterpene acids : 2,6,6‐trimethyltricyclo[5.3.1.01,5]undec‐8‐ene‐8‐carboxylic acid (cedren‐15‐oic acid 3) and 6,6‐dimethyl‐7‐methylenetricyclo[6.2.1.01,5]undecane‐2‐carboxylic acid (2‐epi‐prezizanoic acid 4). The percentages in oil of compounds 1, 2, 3 and 4 were 0.9%, 2.2%, 7.5% and 15%, respectively, of the total amount of components. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In situ SAXRD study of sol–gel induced well‐ordered mesoporous bioglasses for drug delivery
Authors: Zhao Y. F. , Loo S. C. J. , Chen Y. Z. , Boey F. Y. C. , Ma J. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractIn this work, two systems of mesoporous bioglasses (MBGs) were sol–gel derived using block copolymer pluronic F127 and P123, respectively, as templates. A two‐dimensional hexagonal (P6mm) mesoporous structure was obtained for the two systems, with d‐spacing in (100) reflection of 8.49 nm for P123‐templated MBG (P123‐MBG) and 10.26 nm for F127‐templated MBG (F127‐MBG). The phase transformation behavior for the systems was elucidated using an in situ synchrotron small angle X‐ray diffraction approach, with the corresponding mechanisms proposed. It was indicated that both systems go through a complicated phase transformation, from a disordered to a finely ordered hexagonal structure during the self‐evaporation process. The surfactants not only acted as templates for the ordered structure, but also enhanced the rigidity of SiO network, which prevented disruption to the ordered SiO arrangement by the Ca2+ and PO group. In vitro bioactivity study showed similar bioactivity for both the P123‐MBG and F127‐MBG systems. Drug loading and release studies using a model metoclopramide drug showed that both MBGs presented better loading and release compared to normal bioglass (BG). The significantly higher loading and better sustained release for P123‐MBG, compared to F127‐MBG, is attributed to its higher pore volume and surface area. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2008