bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Meta‐analysis on GLP‐1 mediated modulation of autophagy in islet β‐cells: Prospectus for improved wound healing in type 2 diabetes
Authors: Xia Wenjing , Yu Hua , Wen Pengcheng 
Published: March 2024

AbstractType 2 diabetes mellitus refers to a significantly challenging health disease due to its high prevalence and risk of other chronic diseases across the world. Notably, GLP‐1 has been recognized to enhance the treatment of T2DM, along with this, GLP‐1 is also involved in autophagy modulation. However, ineffectiveness of few analogue types can limit the efficacy of this treatment. This study particularly aims to elucidate the influence of GLP‐1 receptor analogues on wound infection and patients with type 2 diabetes. To conduct the meta‐analysis, an expansive literature survey was conducted to unveil the studies and research conducted on T2DM patients that revealed whether the adoption of any GLP‐1 analogue in the form of specific interventions impacts the type 2 diabetes mellitus. The literature was searched using multiple search terms, screened and data were extracted to conduct the meta‐analysis and it was conducted using metabin function of R package meta. A total of 800 patients consisting of the both intervention and control groups were employed to carry out the meta‐analysis to analyse and evaluate the impact of GLP‐1 mediated modulation to improve wound healing in the T2DM patients. The results revealed that GLP‐1 mediated modulation considering one type of analogue was an effective intervention to patients suffering from T2DM. The variations in these results depicted insignificant outcomes with the values (risk ratio [RR]: 1.03, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.90–1.18, p > 0.05) and enlightened the fact that adopting different GLP‐1 analogues may significantly improve the efficacy of wound healing in T2DM patients. Hence, interventions of GLP‐1 mediated modulation must be utilized in the clinical practice to reduce the incidence of T2DM patients.
CCDC157 is essential for sperm differentiation and shows oligoasthenoteratozoospermia‐related mutations in men
Authors: Zheng Huimei , Gong Chenjia , Li Jingping , Hou Jiaru , Gong Xinhan , Zhu Xinhai , Deng Huan , Wu Haoyue , Zhang Fengbin , Shi Qinghua , Zhou Jianteng , Shi Baolu , Yang Xiaohang , Xi Yongmei 
Published: March 2024

AbstractOligoasthenoteratospermia (OAT), characterized by abnormally low sperm count, poor sperm motility, and abnormally high number of deformed spermatozoa, is an important cause of male infertility. Its genetic basis in many affected individuals remains unknown. Here, we found that CCDC157 variants are associated with OAT. In two cohorts, a 21‐bp (g.30768132_30768152del21) and/or 24‐bp (g.30772543_30772566del24) deletion of CCDC157 were identified in five sporadic OAT patients, and 2 cases within one pedigree. In a mouse model, loss of Ccdc157 led to male sterility with OAT‐like phenotypes. Electron microscopy revealed misstructured acrosome and abnormal head–tail coupling apparatus in the sperm of Ccdc157‐null mice. Comparative transcriptome analysis showed that the Ccdc157 mutation alters the expressions of genes involved in cell migration/motility and Golgi components. Abnormal Golgi apparatus and decreased expressions of genes involved in acrosome formation and lipid metabolism were detected in Ccdc157‐deprived mouse germ cells. Interestingly, we attempted to treat infertile patients and Ccdc157 mutant mice with a Chinese medicine, Huangjin Zanyu, which improved the fertility in one patient and most mice that carried the heterozygous mutation in CCDC157. Healthy offspring were produced. Our study reveals CCDC157 is essential for sperm maturation and may serve as a marker for diagnosis of OAT.
Rapid review: A review of methods and recommendations based on current evidence
Authors: Guo Qiong , Jiang Guiyu , Zhao Qingwen , Long Youlin , Feng Kun , Gu Xianlin , Xu Yihan , Li Zhengchi , Huang Jin , Du Liang 
Published: March 2024

AbstractRapid review (RR) could accelerate the traditional systematic review (SR) process by simplifying or omitting steps using various shortcuts. With the increasing popularity of RR, numerous shortcuts had emerged, but there was no consensus on how to choose the most appropriate ones. This study conducted a literature search in PubMed from inception to December 21, 2023, using terms such as “rapid review” “rapid assessment” “rapid systematic review” and “rapid evaluation”. We also scanned the reference lists and performed citation tracking of included impact studies to obtain more included studies. We conducted a narrative synthesis of all RR approaches, shortcuts and studies assessing their effectiveness at each stage of RRs. Based on the current evidence, we provided recommendations on utilizing certain shortcuts in RRs. Ultimately, we identified 185 studies focusing on summarizing RR approaches and shortcuts, or evaluating their impact. There was relatively sufficient evidence to support the use of the following shortcuts in RRs: limiting studies to those published in English‐language; conducting abbreviated database searches (e.g., only searching PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, and CENTRAL); omitting retrieval of grey literature; restricting the search timeframe to the recent 20 years for medical intervention and the recent 15 years for reviewing diagnostic test accuracy; conducting a single screening by an experienced screener. To some extent, the above shortcuts were also applicable to SRs. This study provided a reference for future RR researchers in selecting shortcuts, and it also presented a potential research topic for methodologists.
Effect of electromagnetic field‐assisted freezing on improving the stability of lemon juice after thawing
Authors: Huo Jingyi , Zhang Min , Chen Yiping 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis study aims to reduce the production of flocculent material and stratification of lemon juice during freezing and thawing, using electric or magnetic fields to assist with the freezing of lemon juice. This study investigated the effect of 10–30 kV/cm electric field (EF) and 2–10 mT magnetic field (MF) on the quality of frozen lemon juice. Electromagnetic field treatment can shorten the freezing time and reduce its particle size, resulting in a lower polymer dispersion index and lower enzyme activity, thus improving its cloud stability. When the EF strength was 20 kV/cm and the MF strength was 6 mT, it resulted in the highest cloud stability, which increased by 15.50 and 16.95%, respectively. In addition, we studied the effect of electromagnetic fields on the physico‐chemical properties and bioactive components of lemon juice. The results showed that it did not affect its bioactive compounds activity and antioxidant activity, and did not cause loss of lemon juice flavor. The electromagnetic field treatment improved the quality of the juice and can be used as a potential novel processing technology for fruit juices.Practical ApplicationsThis study provides a simple and novel method to improve the stability of frozen lemon juice after thawing. The use of physical fields such as electric and magnetic field treatments to assist in freezing lemon juice improves the stability of lemon juice after thawing and provides a new method to improve the quality of fruit juice products.
Reconstruction of large scalp defect in a brown howler monkey (Alouatta guariba clamitans): A case report
Authors: Grings Germano Filipe , Surita Lívia Eichenberg , Nicknich Daniela , Torikachvili Marcela , dos Santos Eduardo Almeida Ruivo , Wartchow Barbara , Portinho Ciro Paz , Gomes Cristiano , Alievi Marcelo Meller 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis case report describes different repair techniques used to reconstruct a large scalp defect in a brown howler monkey (Alouatta guariba clamitans) hit by a vehicle. Three reconstructive procedures were performed in two surgical stages. The repair techniques had successful outcomes on the patient's rehabilitation.
Transient and Long‐Term Linguistic Influences on Visual Perception: Shifting Brain Dynamics With Memory Consolidation
Authors: Maier Martin , Abdel Rahman Rasha 
Published: March 2024

AbstractLinguistic categories can impact visual perception. For instance, learning that two objects have different names can enhance their discriminability. Previous studies have identified a typical pattern of categorical perception, characterized by faster discrimination of stimuli from different categories, a neural mismatch response during early visual processing (100–200 ms), and effects restricted to the right visual field. However, it remains unclear whether language affects perception online or through long‐term changes to mental representations in memory. To address this, we tested the impact of newly learned object categories with and without memory consolidation during sleep. We replicated the canonical pattern of categorical perception for categories that underwent consolidation. Without consolidation, linguistic categories still influenced early visual processing but with distinct neural dynamics. Therefore, we found evidence of both transient and long‐term effects of language on perception and conclude that memory consolidation plays a crucial role in shaping how linguistic categories modulate perception.
An RRM domain protein SOE suppresses transgene silencing in rice
Authors: Zhao Rui , Wu Wen‐Ai , Huang Yi‐Hua , Li Xin‐Kai , Han Jia‐Qi , Jiao Wu , Su Yin‐Na , Zhao He , Zhou Yang , Cao Wu‐Qiang , Zhang Xun , Wei Wei , Zhang Wan‐Ke , Song Qing‐Xin , He Xin‐Jian , Ma Biao , Chen Shou‐Yi , Tao Jian‐Jun , Yin Cui‐Cui , Zhang Jin‐Song 
Published: March 2024

Summary

Gene expression is regulated at multiple levels, including RNA processing and DNA methylation/demethylation. How these regulations are controlled remains unclear.

Here, through analysis of a suppressor for the OsEIN2 over‐expressor, we identified an RNA recognition motif protein SUPPRESSOR OF EIN2 (SOE). SOE is localized in nuclear speckles and interacts with several components of the spliceosome. We find SOE associates with hundreds of targets and directly binds to a DNA glycosylase gene DNG701 pre‐mRNA for efficient splicing and stabilization, allowing for subsequent DNG701‐mediated DNA demethylation of the transgene promoter for proper gene expression. The V81M substitution in the suppressor mutant protein mSOE impaired its protein stability and binding activity to DNG701 pre‐mRNA, leading to transgene silencing.

SOE mutation enhances grain size and yield. Haplotype analysis in c. 3000 rice accessions reveals that the haplotype 1 (Hap 1) promoter is associated with high 1000‐grain weight, and most of the japonica accessions, but not indica ones, have the Hap 1 elite allele.

Our study discovers a novel mechanism for the regulation of gene expression and provides an elite allele for the promotion of yield potentials in rice.
Optimized strategy among diet, exercise, and pharmacological interventions for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A network meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Wang Hao , Ma Qianqian , Chen Youpeng , Luo Ling , Ye Junzhao , Zhong Bihui 
Published: March 2024

SummaryBackgroundEmerging treatment methods, including exercise, diet, and drugs, for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease have been proposed. However, the differences in their efficacy have not been determined. We aimed to compare the effects of these treatments excluding surgery via a systematic review and network meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials.Data SourceThe data sources included PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane up to February 1st, 2023. The endpoints consisted of body mass index (BMI), serum markers of metabolism and liver injury markers, liver fat content, and stiffness.ResultsA total of 174 studies with 10,183 patients were included in this meta‐analysis. In terms of improving BMI, Pan‐agonist of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptors (PPAR) is the best treatment with the highest SUCRA (surface under the cumulative ranking) of 84.8% (mean = −3.40, 95% CI −5.55, −1.24) by the comparative effectiveness ranking. GLP‐1 (glucagon‐like peptide‐1) has the best effect in improving the liver fat content based on the MRI‐PDFF, steatosis score (SUCRA 99.7%, mean = −2.19, 95% CI −2.90, −1.48) and ballooning score (SUCRA 61.2%, mean = −0.82, 95% CI −4.46, 2.83).ConclusionsPan‐agonist of PPAR was the most efficacious regimen in lowering BMIs, whereas GLP‐1R agonists achieved the highest efficacy of steatosis improvement in this network meta‐analysis.
Physiological and psychological determinants of long‐term diet‐induced type 2 diabetes (T2DM) remission: A narrative review
Authors: Aksoy Ayse Nur , Abayomi Julie , Relph Nicola , Butler Thomas 
Published: March 2024

SummaryType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a highly prevalent metabolic disease, causing a heavy burden on healthcare systems worldwide, with related complications and anti‐diabetes drug prescriptions. Recently, it was demonstrated that T2DM can be put into remission via significant weight loss using low‐carbohydrate diets (LCDs) and very low‐energy diets (VLEDs) in individuals with overweight and obesity. Clinical trials demonstrated remission rates of 25–77%, and metabolic improvements such as improved blood lipid profile and blood pressure were observed. In contrast, clinical trials showed that remission rate declines with time, concurrent with weight gain, or diminished weight loss. This review aims to discuss existing literature regarding underlying determinants of long‐term remission of T2DM including metabolic adaptations to weight loss (e.g., role of gastrointestinal hormones), type of dietary intervention (i.e., LCDs or VLEDs), maintaining beta (β)‐cell function, early glycemic control, and psychosocial factors. This narrative review is significant because determining the factors that are associated with challenges in maintaining long‐term remission may help in designing sustainable interventions for type 2 diabetes remission.
Identification of temporal shifts of oral bacteria in bone regeneration following mandibular bone defect injury and therapeutic surgery in a porcine model
Authors: Sanjar Fatemeh , Silliman David T. , Johnson Ian J. , Htut Zayer , Peacock Trent J. , Thompson Samira F. , Dion Gregory R. , Nahid Md A. , Decker John F. , Leung Kai P. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundConsidered the second largest and most diverse microbiome after the gut, the human oral ecosystem is complex with diverse and niche‐specific microorganisms. Although evidence is growing for the importance of oral microbiome in supporting a healthy immune system and preventing local and systemic infections, the influence of craniomaxillofacial (CMF) trauma and routine reconstructive surgical treatments on community structure and function of oral resident microbes remains unknown. CMF injuries affect a large number of people, needing extensive rehabilitation with lasting morbidity and loss of human productivity. Treatment efficacy can be complicated by the overgrowth of opportunistic commensals or multidrug‐resistant pathogens in the oral ecosystem due to weakened host immune function and reduced colonization resistance in a dysbiotic oral microbiome.AimsTo understand the dynamics of microbiota's community structure during CMF injury and subsequent treatments, we induced supra‐alveolar mandibular defect in Hanford miniature swine (n = 3) and compared therapeutic approaches of immediate mandibullar reconstructive (IMR) versus delayed mandibullar reconstructive (DMR) surgeries.MethodsUsing bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA gene marker sequencing, the composition and abundance of the bacterial community of the uninjured maxilla (control) and the injured left mandibula (lingual and buccal) treated by DMR were surveyed up to 70‐day post‐wounding. For the injured right mandibula receiving IMR treatment, the microbial composition and abundance were surveyed up to 14‐day post‐wounding. Moreover, we measured sera level of biochemical markers (e.g., osteocalcin) associated with bone regeneration and healing. Computed tomography was used to measure and compare mandibular bone characteristics such as trabecular thickness between sites receiving DMR and IMR therapeutic approaches until day 140, the end of study period.ResultsIndependent of IMR versus DMR therapy, we observed similar dysbiosis and shifts of the mucosal bacteria residents after CMF injury and/or following treatment. There was an enrichment of Fusobacterium, Porphyromonadaceae, and Bacteroidales accompanied by a decline in Pasteurellaceae, Moraxella, and Neisseria relative abundance in days allotted for healing. We also observed a decline in species richness and abundance driven by reduction in temporal instability and inter‐animal heterogeneity on days 0 and 56, with day 0 corresponding to injury in DMR group and day 56 corresponding to delayed treatment for DMR or injury and immediate treatment for the IMR group. Analysis of bone healing features showed comparable bone‐healing profiles for IMR vs. DMR therapeutic approach.
How do we review coronectomies? A national survey
Authors: Turner Thomas , Cousins Matthew , Wemyss Callum , Goodall Christine 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIntroductionCoronectomy of a mandibular third molar is a surgical procedure which aims to protect the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) by removing the crown of the tooth, whilst leaving the roots in‐situ. There is an anecdotal variation in practice regarding the post‐operative clinical and radiographic review of patients who have undergone this procedure, which may be attributable to a lack of high‐quality evidence or guidance. The aim of this study was to establish current practice within the United Kingdom (UK) for a post‐operative review following a coronectomy.Materials and MethodsAn online survey was distributed to 50 Oral Surgery speciality registrars working within Oral Surgery and Oral and Maxillofacial departments across the UK during June 2022. Two reminder emails were sent, and participants were asked to respond on behalf of their departments.ResultsTwenty responses were received from trainees, on behalf of 20 separate departments. Fifty percent (n = 10) of the responding departments discharged patients without intra‐operative complications immediately following the procedure. The remaining 50% of departments discharged patients at points ranging from 2 weeks to 12 months. Departments who review patients who have undergone a coronectomy without intra‐operative complications do so between 1 and 3 times, with the most common time for the first review being at 1‐month post‐procedure (n = 3). When reviewing these patients, 54.5% (n = 6) of departments utilise face‐to‐face only reviews, whereas 36.4% (n = 4) of departments utilise a combination of face‐to‐face and remote reviews. Sixty‐five percent (n = 13) of departments do not routinely take postoperative imaging for these patients. Many departments also reported variation in practice within their departments, regarding discharge timing, clinical review and radiographic review.ConclusionThis survey has suggested that there is variation in practice within the secondary and tertiary care Oral Surgery and Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery centres within the United Kingdom in relation to the post‐operative clinical and radiographic coronectomy review. Consideration should be given to further high‐quality research into these areas, including the merits of patient‐initiated reviews and the development of guidelines for post‐operative management of coronectomy patients.
Analytic shock‐fronted solutions to a reaction–diffusion equation with negative diffusivity
Authors: Miller Thomas , Tam Alexander K. Y. , Marangell Robert , Wechselberger Martin , Bradshaw‐Hajek Bronwyn H. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractReaction–diffusion equations (RDEs) model the spatiotemporal evolution of a density field according to diffusion and net local changes. Usually, the diffusivity is positive for all values of , which causes the density to disperse. However, RDEs with partially negative diffusivity can model aggregation, which is the preferred behavior in some circumstances. In this paper, we consider a nonlinear RDE with quadratic diffusivity that is negative for . We use a nonclassical symmetry to construct analytic receding time‐dependent, colliding wave, and receding traveling wave solutions. These solutions are multivalued, and we convert them to single‐valued solutions by inserting a shock. We examine properties of these analytic solutions including their Stefan‐like boundary condition, and perform a phase plane analysis. We also investigate the spectral stability of the and constant solutions, and prove for certain and that receding traveling waves are spectrally stable. In addition, we introduce a new shock condition where the diffusivity and flux are continuous across the shock. For diffusivity symmetric about the midpoint of its zeros, this condition recovers the well‐known equal‐area rule, but for nonsymmetric diffusivity it results in a different shock position.
The International Olympic Committee framework on fairness, inclusion and nondiscrimination on the basis of gender identity and sex variations does not protect fairness for female athletes
Authors: Lundberg Tommy R. , Tucker Ross , McGawley Kerry , Williams Alun G. , Millet Grégoire P. , Sandbakk Øyvind , Howatson Glyn , Brown Gregory A. , Carlson Lara A. , Chantler Sarah , Chen Mark A. , Heffernan Shane M. , Heron Neil , Kirk Christopher , Murphy Marie H. , Pollock Noel , Pringle Jamie , Richardson Andrew , Santos‐Concejero Jordan , Stebbings Georgina K. , Christiansen Ask Vest , Phillips Stuart M. , Devine Cathy , Jones Carwyn , Pike Jon , Hilton Emma N. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe International Olympic Committee (IOC) recently published a framework on fairness, inclusion, and nondiscrimination on the basis of gender identity and sex variations. Although we appreciate the IOC's recognition of the role of sports science and medicine in policy development, we disagree with the assertion that the IOC framework is consistent with existing scientific and medical evidence and question its recommendations for implementation. Testosterone exposure during male development results in physical differences between male and female bodies; this process underpins male athletic advantage in muscle mass, strength and power, and endurance and aerobic capacity. The IOC's “no presumption of advantage” principle disregards this reality. Studies show that transgender women (male‐born individuals who identify as women) with suppressed testosterone retain muscle mass, strength, and other physical advantages compared to females; male performance advantage cannot be eliminated with testosterone suppression. The IOC's concept of “meaningful competition” is flawed because fairness of category does not hinge on closely matched performances. The female category ensures fair competition for female athletes by excluding male advantages. Case‐by‐case testing for transgender women may lead to stigmatization and cannot be robustly managed in practice. We argue that eligibility criteria for female competition must consider male development rather than relying on current testosterone levels. Female athletes should be recognized as the key stakeholders in the consultation and decision‐making processes. We urge the IOC to reevaluate the recommendations of their Framework to include a comprehensive understanding of the biological advantages of male development to ensure fairness and safety in female sports.