bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proteomics of Alzheimer's disease: Unveiling protein dysregulation in complex neuronal systems
Authors: Vosseller Keith 
Published: October 2007

AbstractAlzheimer's disease (AD) and its progressive dementia is multifactorial, develops relatively sporadically, and involves multiple pathologies in the complex biological system of the brain. For these reasons, genetics alone is not likely to explain the molecular basis of this disease. Proteomics is contributing valuable information about the underlying molecular defects involved in AD development and progression, which includes oxidative damage to specific proteins, altered levels of synaptic components, and protein compositions of Aβ plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (pathological hallmarks of AD). However, emerging strategies in the field of proteomics which include more specific targeting of disease‐related anatomical regions, targeting of specific subcellular compartments of functional relevance, novel approaches for large scale identification of regulatory post‐translational modifications such as phosphorylation andO‐GlcNAc, improved chromatographic separations of peptides for more comprehensive analysis of samples, and high‐throughput quantitative strategies directly coupled with MS should greatly enhance the future of AD proteomics. The characterization of AD‐specific alterations in proteomes should provide further insight into mechanisms of disease development and progression, provide biomarkers predicting disease development, and provide novel targets for therapeutic intervention.
Studying the protein–protein interactions in the postsynaptic density by means of immunoabsorption and chemical crosslinking
Authors: Chang Chia‐Wei , Peng Sheng‐Chih , Cheng Wen‐Yao , Liu Szu‐Heng , Cheng Huei‐Hsuan , Huang San‐Yuan , Chang Yen‐Chung 
Published: October 2007

AbstractPostsynaptic densities (PSDs), isolated from porcine cerebral cortices, are large disk‐shaped aggregates consisting of hundreds of different proteins. To study the protein–protein interactions in such complex supramolecules, we developed a procedure to break up the PSD's overall structure, while preserving some interactions between individual proteins. Using the resulting PSD sample and an indirect immunoabsorption procedure, PSD‐95 was isolated along with the α‐ and β‐subunits of calcium calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase II (CaMKIIα and CaMKIIβ), α‐tubulin, β‐tubulin, and Chapsyn110. Similarly, CaMKIIα was isolated along with CaMKIIβ, α‐tubulin, β‐tubulin, and small amounts of PSD‐95. The proteins isolated from PSDs treated with a cleavable bifunctional crosslinking reagent were further subjected to diagonal gel electrophoresis analysis, and the results indicated that CaMKIIα resides next to α‐tubulin in the PSD. Overall, the results obtained here suggest that within the PSD, large aggregates of CaMKIIα, CaMKIIβ, α‐tubulin, and β‐tubulin may occur that indirectly associate with PSD‐95 and Chapsyn110. Such a protein organization would allow interactions with F‐actin in the cytoplasm and with proteins, such asN‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptors, which reside on the postsynaptic membrane. Furthermore, it would facilitate binding to proteins such as the various microtubule‐associated proteins that reside in the core region of the PSD.
Oligodendrocytes secrete exosomes containing major myelin and stress‐protective proteins: Trophic support for axons?
Authors: Krämer‐Albers Eva‐Maria , Bretz Niko , Tenzer Stefan , Winterstein Christine , Möbius Wiebke , Berger Hendrik , Nave Klaus‐Armin , Schild Hansjörg , Trotter Jacqueline 
Published: October 2007

AbstractOligodendrocytes synthesize the CNS myelin sheath by enwrapping axonal segments with elongations of their plasma membrane. Spatial and temporal control of membrane traffic is a prerequisite for proper myelin formation. The major myelin proteolipid protein (PLP) accumulates in late endosomal storage compartments and multivesicular bodies (MVBs). Fusion of MVBs with the plasma membrane results in the release of the intralumenal vesicles, termed exosomes, into the extracellular space. Here, we show that cultured oligodendrocytes secrete exosomes carrying major amounts of PLP and 2′3′‐cyclic‐nucleotide‐phosphodiesterase (CNP). These exosomes migrated at the characteristic density of 1.10−1.14 g/mL in sucrose density gradients. Treatment of primary oligodendrocytes with the calcium‐ionophore ionomycin markedly increased the release of PLP‐containing exosomes, indicating that oligodendroglial exosome secretion is regulated by cytosolic calcium levels. A proteomic analysis of the exosomal fraction isolated by sucrose density centrifugation revealed in addition to PLP and CNP, myelin basic protein (MBP) and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) as constituents of oligodendroglial exosomes, together with a striking group of proteins with proposed functions in the relief of cell stress. Oligodendroglial exosome secretion may contribute to balanced production of myelin proteins and lipids, but in addition exosomes may embody a signaling moiety involved in glia‐mediated trophic support to axons.
Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Polymer‐Bonded Explosives (PBXs): Modeling, Mechanical Properties and their Dependence on Temperatures and Concentrations of Binders
Authors: Xiao Jijun , Ma Xiufang , Zhu Wei , Huang Yucheng , Xiao Heming , Huang Hui , Li Jinshan 
Published: October 2007

AbstractTwo models, i.e. “covering” and “cutting” models, for the polymer‐bonded explosives (PBXs) were proposed for different researching aspects. Used for choosing polymeric binders, the “covering” models are mainly applied to find the relations of temperatures and concentrations respectively with elastic properties of the PBXs. The “cutting” model is especially used to describe the highly anisotropic behavior of 1,3,5‐triamino‐2,4,6‐trinitrobenzene crystals (TATB). These models were realized by using molecular dynamics methods. It is found that the ductility of crystalline TATB can be effectively improved by blending fluorine‐containing polymers in small amounts. The moduli for the PBXs decrease with increase in temperature and concentration of binders. Different crystalline surfaces interacting with the same polymer binder have different modulus‐decreasing effects due to the highly anisotropic behavior of TATB. The modulus‐decreasing effect for different crystalline surfaces ranking order is (010)≈(100)>(001).
On the Mechanism of Energy Transfer in the Plasma‐Propellant Interaction
Authors: Porwitzky Andrew J. , Keidar Michael , Boyd Iain D. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractA coupled plasma sheath/ablation model is developed for electrothermal chemical gun applications. By combining a commonly employed collisional sheath model with a previous ablation model, the convective heat flux as a function of time to the propellant bed is determined for two potential electrothermal chemical gun propellants, XM39 and JA2. It is found that the convective heat flux varies smoothly from a nearly collisionless to a fully collisional regime over the short duration of the plasma pulse. The possibility of determining an accurate estimate of the amount of heat flux to the propellant bed due to radiation from the bulk plasma presents itself.
Studies of Detonation Characteristics of Aluminum Enriched RDX Compositions
Authors: Trzciński Waldemar A. , Cudziło Stanisław , Szymańczyk Leszek 
Published: October 2007

AbstractResearch on the effect of aluminum contents and of its particle size on detonation characteristics of RDX‐based compositions containing 15–60% aluminum was carried out. Measurements of detonation velocity for different charge diameters and confinements were performed. To measure the shock curvature of the detonation wave, X‐ray photography was applied. Unconfined charges and charges confined with a water envelope were tested. The radius of the detonation front curvature was determined. The cylinder test results were the basis for determination of the acceleration ability and energetic characteristics of the detonation products of the mixtures. The Gurney energy describing the acceleration ability was found. The detonation energy of the mixtures tested was also estimated from the cylinder test data.
Connecting string/Mtheory to the electroweak scale and to LHC data
Authors: Kumar P. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe Standard Model of particle physics explains (almost) all observed non‐gravitational microscopic phenomena but has many open theoretical questions. We are on the threshold of unravelling the mysteries of the Standard Model and discovering its extension. This could be achieved in the near future with the help of many experiments in particle physics and cosmology, the LHC in particular. Assuming that data confirming the existence of new physics beyond the Standard Model is obtained, one is left with the very important and challenging task of solving the “Inverse Problem”,viz. “How can one deduce the nature of the underlying (perhaps microscopic) theory from data?” This paper explores this question in detail, and also proposes an approach to address the problem in a meaningful way which could prove crucial to the possible solution to this problem in the future. The proposed approach has three aspects – a) To systematically study classes of microscopic (string/Mtheory) constructions to the extent that they could be connected to low energy physics (electroweak scale), b) To find patterns of experimental observables which are sensitive to the properties of the underlying theoretical constructions thereby allowing us to distinguish among different constructions, and c) To try to get insights about the qualitative features of the theoretical model from data in a bottom‐up approach which complements the top‐down approach and strengthens it as well. This paper studies all the above aspects in detail. The methods used and results obtained in this paper will hopefully be of great importance in solving the Inverse Problem.
Dissociative photoionization of adenine following valence excitation
Authors: Pilling S. , Lago A. F. , Coutinho L. H. , de Castilho R. B. , de Souza G. G. B. , de Brito A. Naves 
Published: October 2007

AbstractWe present results on the valence level excitation, ionization and dissociation of adenine, using time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry and synchrotron radiation, in the vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) range of 12–21 eV. The measurements were performed using a gas‐phase (Ne) harmonics filter in order to eliminate contributions from higher‐order harmonics. Mass spectra were obtained using the photoelectron‐photoion coincidence technique (PEPICO). The relative abundances for each ionic fragment and their mean kinetic energy release have been determined from the analysis of the corresponding peak shapes in the mass spectra. Comparison with the available photoelectron spectra and previous measurements allowed the assignment of the main features in the spectra. A discussion on the dissociative photoionization channels of this molecule has also been included. Due to our harmonics‐free incident photon beam we were able to propose new appearance energy (AE) for the most important ionic channels in this energy range. The precursor ion, C5H5N, is the most abundant species (40% at 15 eV and 20% at 20 eV), which confirms the high stability of adenine upon absorption of VUV photons. We have observed other intense fragment ions such as: C4H4N, C3H3N, C2H2N and HCNH+. The production of the neutral HCN fragment represents up to 40% of the dissociative channels for this molecule as induced by VUV photons. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry using atmospheric pressure chemical ionization or electrospray ionization with tropylium post‐column derivatization
Authors: Lien Guang‐Wen , Chen Chia‐Yang , Wu Chang‐Fu 
Published: October 2007

AbstractPolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) with four to six rings are potent carcinogens. This study analyzed ten of the sixteen US EPA priority PAHs using reversed‐phase liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) in selected reaction monitoring mode with two ionization sources: positive atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI+) or positive elecrtrospray ionization (ESI+) with tropylium post‐column derivatization. Several factors were investigated, including mobile phases, stationary phases of columns and chromatographic temperature, to determine how optimal separation and sensitivity might be achieved. Methanol used as an organic mobile phase provided better sensitivities for most PAHs than acetonitrile, although some PAHs co‐eluted. Acidic buffers did not increase analyte signals. Use of Restek Pinnacle II PAH columns (250 × 4.6 mm or 250 × 2.1 mm, 5 µm) with water/acetonitrile gradient at 27°C made possible a good separation of the ten analytes. [M]+. were the best precursor ions in both APCI and ESI, although fluoranthene could not be detected in ESI mode when tropylium post‐column derivatization was performed. [M–28]+ and [M–52]+ were the major product ions of PAHs after collision‐induced dissociation, a result of neutral losses of C2H4 and (C2H2)2, respectively. Chromatographic separation for PAH isomers was crucial because the mass spectra were so similar that even MS/MS could not distinguish them from each other. The recoveries of sample preparations of PAHs spiked onto air‐sampling filters ranged between 77.5 and 106% with relative standard deviations between 1.1 and 15.9%. This method was validated by analyzing NIST SRM 1649a (urban dust), producing results comparable with the certified PAH concentrations. The detection limits using APCI and ESI interfaces, defined as three times the noise levels, ranged between 0.23 and 0.83 ng and between 0.16 and 0.84 ng of on‐column injection, respectively. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fostering spirituality in community development: the role of soul
Authors: Spittles Brian 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThis paper argues that a need exists for spirituality to be incorporated into community development. Such a process necessitates a clearer understanding of spirituality's defining essence. Drawing upon the thinking of Indian philosopher‐sage Sri Aurobindo, this essence is defined as ‘knowing oneself as soul’. Some implicit problems for introducing this spiritual approach into community development are discussed, and the spirituality/self/soul nexus is juxtaposed against concepts of vertical and horizontal spirituality. The efficacy and roles of spirituality in community development are addressed, and a concluding suggestion is made that spirituality can play an ultimate role in turning the tides of Western ‘soulless management’.
Evaluation of an innovative contemplative end‐of‐life care course
Authors: Bruce Anne 
Published: October 2007

AbstractSpiritual care is a component of end‐of‐life care that has become an expectation for healthcare professionals seeking to provide holistic care. However, until recently spirituality and spiritual care were not included in the educational training of most health professionals. Little is known about how best to support and teach spiritual dimensions of dying to health professionals. This article reports on an evaluation of an innovative educational program that brings together the spiritual tradition of Buddhism alongside best practices of hospice palliative care. Findings suggest that contemplative approaches to end‐of‐life care presented through an experiential and online format hold potential benefits for health professionals both professionally and personally and contribute to our understanding of contemplative practices in addressing spiritual dimensions of dying. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Detecting a rate increase using a Bernoulli scan statistic
Authors: Joner Michael D. , Woodall William H. , Reynolds Marion R. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractScan statistics are used in public health applications to detect increases in rates or clusters of disease indicated by an unusually large number of events. Most of the work has been for the retrospective case, in which a single set of historical data is to be analyzed. A modification of this retrospective scan statistic has been recommended for use when incidences of an event are recorded as they occur over time (prospectively) to determine whether the underlying incidence rate has increased, preferably as soon as possible after such an increase. In this paper, we investigate the properties of the scan statistic when used in prospective surveillance of the incidence rate under the assumption of independent Bernoulli observations. We show how to evaluate the expected number of Bernoulli observations needed to generate a signal that the incidence rate has increased. We compare the performance of the prospective scan statistic method with that obtained using the Bernoulli‐based cumulative sum (CUSUM) technique. We show that the latter tends to be more effective in detecting sustained increases in the rate, but the scan method may be preferred in some applications due to its simplicity and can be used with relatively little loss of efficiency. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Using the bootstrap to improve estimation and confidence intervals for regression coefficients selected using backwards variable elimination
Authors: Austin Peter C. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractApplied researchers frequently use automated model selection methods, such as backwards variable elimination, to develop parsimonious regression models. Statisticians have criticized the use of these methods for several reasons, amongst them are the facts that the estimated regression coefficients are biased and that the derived confidence intervals do not have the advertised coverage rates. We developed a method to improve estimation of regression coefficients and confidence intervals which employs backwards variable elimination in multiple bootstrap samples. In a given bootstrap sample, predictor variables that are not selected for inclusion in the final regression model have their regression coefficient set to zero. Regression coefficients are averaged across the bootstrap samples, and non‐parametric percentile bootstrap confidence intervals are then constructed for each regression coefficient. We conducted a series of Monte Carlo simulations to examine the performance of this method for estimating regression coefficients and constructing confidence intervals for variables selected using backwards variable elimination. We demonstrated that this method results in confidence intervals with superior coverage compared with those developed from conventional backwards variable elimination. We illustrate the utility of our method by applying it to a large sample of subjects hospitalized with a heart attack. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cantilever‐Based Chemical Sensors for Detecting Catalytically Produced Reactions and Motility Forces Generated via Electrokinetic Phenomena
Authors: Subramanian Shyamala , Catchmark Jeffrey M. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThis paper reports the fabrication, characterization, and modeling of a chemical sensor constructed from a microfabricated silicon cantilever, coated with gold, which is modified using photolithography techniques to contain a silver feature on the free‐standing edge. When immersed in a fuel solution such as hydrogen peroxide, catalytic reactions occurring at the bimetallic silver–gold junction cause a catalytic force to act on the cantilever. The catalytic reaction is detected by measuring change in resonance frequency of the cantilever using a position‐sensitive split photodiode and atomic force microscopy instrument. A model based on the Cleveland method is developed to quantify the forces produced and to study the effect of change of hydrogen peroxide concentration on the magnitude of the force. The force is observed to increase linearly for lower concentrations of hydrogen peroxide and level off at higher concentrations. The chemical sensor offers a possible method for using catalytically produced forces in microelectromechanical systems and microfluidic devices.
Stochastic H∞ control problem with state‐dependent noise for weakly coupled large‐scale systems
Authors: Sagara Muneomi , Mukaidani Hiroaki , Yamamoto Toru 
Published: October 2007

AbstractIn this paper, stochastic H∞ state feedback control with state‐dependent noise for weakly coupled large‐scale systems is discussed. After establishing the asymptotic structure of the stochastic algebraic Riccati equation (SARE), a new iterative algorithm that combines the Newton's method with the fixed‐point algorithm is derived for the first time. As a result, both the quadratic convergence and the reduced‐order computation in the same dimension of the subsystems are attained. Copyright © 2007 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Improvement of the dynamic behavior of source current reference generator for power factor corrector
Authors: Sasaki Seigo 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThree types of the source current reference generator of the power factor corrector that contain feedforward current loops are systematically analyzed for dynamic improvement of the corrector. These generators have different feedforward gains in the current loops, which vary against variations of a source voltage and a load. The gains are systematically analyzed. Copyright © 2007 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Multipoint Tabu Search based on proximate optimality principle—application of parts concept
Authors: Niizuma Daichi , Yasuda Keiichiro , Ishigame Atsushi 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThis paper proposes an algorithm–MultiPoint Tabu Search based on proximate optimality principle (POP), which has several advantages for solving combinatorial optimization problems. POP holds well for numerous engineering problems, which stipulates that ‘good solutions possess some similar structure.’ The proposed algorithm is applied to several typical combinatorial optimization problems to verify the performance of the proposed algorithm. The simulation results indicate that the proposed method has higher optimality than the conventional Tabu Search with a single search point. Copyright © 2007 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Analysis and evaluation of waveform parameters for oscillating impulse voltage
Authors: Matsumoto Satoshi 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThis paper describes the effect of residual inductance of the impulse generator circuit. The analysis of waveform and the evaluation of waveform parameters were made for an oscillating lightning impulse. The peak value (overshoot factor or k‐factor), oscillation frequency, 30% value, 90% value, time to half‐value, and virtual origin are derived from the solution of third‐order derivative equation of the equivalent circuit. The comparison with the oscillating and standard lightning impulse was made. Also, the effects on overshoot, front time and the load‐side capacitance are theoretically clarified. Copyright © 2007 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.