bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Problematizing the internationalization decision: terrorism‐induced risk
Authors: Liesch Peter , Steen John , Knight Gary , Czinkota Michael R. 
Published: July 2006

PurposeThis paper offers a conceptualization of the internationalization decision confronted by a firm in an environment of terrorism‐induced risk.Design/methodology/approachThe approach taken is a conceptualization of the internationalization decision framed from theoretical reasoning and informed by the literature.FindingsThe model presents the internationalization decision, a product/market/mode (PMM) combination, in the case of a terrorism‐free context and in a with‐terrorism context. Using indifference curve mapping of risk/return tradeoffs, an opportunities set of possible PMM combinations and the notion of efficiency, it traces the most attractive opportunities set to show that within this set, the frontier of attractive opportunities is constrained in the with‐terrorism case. Propositions are framed to guide future research. While conditions of risk can be calculated, it is concluded that remaining uncalculable is the true uncertainty incited by the systemic effects of international terrorism that call for managerial judgment.Originality/valueThe literature in this field reports little on the effects of international terrorism on the firm. With heightened awareness of international terrorism, and the changed environment for the firm operating internationally, it is timely that the effects of terrorism on decision‐making in firms be investigated. Advancing beyond description to substantive conceptualization of this decision is an essential step for better understanding of this now pervasive phenomenon.
Spotlight interview with Michael Roberto
Authors: Powell Sarah 
Published: July 2006

PurposeThis article's purpose is to record an interview with Professor Michael Roberto.Design/methodology/approachThe article focuses on the importance of stimulating debate and the need to work towards cultivating constructive conflict. Describes the idea behind this approach and explores the challenges involved. Lists the steps to be taken in introducing the process, ensuring maximum participation and avoiding an impasse or the build‐up of potentially damaging bad feeling between participants with opposing viewpoints. Discusses problems of hierarchy and status. Urges leaders to interact closely with front‐line staff to ensure leaders are not fed biased or distorted information or shielded from bad news. Reports that while many companies still avoid conflict, others are recognising its potential benefits when constructively channelled.FindingsProfessor Michael Roberto provides his view of the importance of stimulating debate and the need to work towards cultivating constructive conflict.Originality/valueThis article provides an interview with Professor Michael Roberto focusing on the importance of stimulating debate and the need to work towards cultivating constructive conflict while simultaneously building consensus to optimise the decision‐making process.
Improving self service the six sigma way at Newcastle University Library
Authors: Kumi Susan , Morrow John 
Published: July 2006

PurposeTo report on the collaborative project between Newcastle University Library and 3M which aimed to increase self‐issue levels using six sigma methodology.Design/methodology/approachThe six‐month long project is outlined and gives an insight into the process improvement methodology called six sigma. An explanation of why we ran the project is given and the Define, Measure, Analyse, Improve, Control (DMAIC) phases of the six sigma are described.FindingsOutlines the long and short term measures which were needed to improve the self‐issue service.Practical implicationsUseful source for other libraries who may wish to improve their self‐issue levels. It is also useful for those who are interested in the use of six sigma in the service sector, more specifically in an academic library.Originality/valueIt was a unique project in that it was the first time 3M had collaborated with a UK academic library on a six sigma project and the first time Newcastle University Library had engaged in this type of process improvement exercise. It shows how in working objectively together both parties improved the self‐issue service in a systematic way.
Digitisation projects at the University of Dundee Archive Services
Authors: Brown Caroline 
Published: July 2006

PurposeTo examine the reasons behind, and issues involved in digitisation projects at archival repositories.Design/methodology/approachThe paper uses practical examples from the University of Dundee Archive Services to consider why archivists devote time and resources to digitising collections and to mounting digital images online. Advantages to collections, services and users are considered in the context of the archival mission and user expectations.FindingsDespite the need to divert existing resources or to attract new ones, digitisation is becoming a core activity in many archives.Originality/valueThe paper should be of value to information professionals interested in the use of new technology by the archival profession. Many of the issues raised are cross‐sectoral and not just of interest to the archival world but to anyone with a role in preserving and using records.
Food or facilities? The changing role of catering managers in the healthcare environment
Authors: Baum Tom 
Published: July 2006

PurposeThis research paper seeks to address the roles that managers within the UK's National Health Service, who are responsible for catering and related facilities management, perform and to consider the responsibilities, in terms of skills, that these roles impose.Design/methodology/approachThe paper reports a survey of the membership of the Hospital Caterers Association in the UK. The background and training of catering professionals in healthcare are considered together with their long‐term career aspirations.FindingsThe findings of the survey point to a management workforce which has skills which do not closely match the demands of the responsibilities that they carry. In addition, the NHS constitutes a relatively insular labour market within which inward and outward mobility is rare.Originality/valueThis paper is important in understanding the nature of change within the hospital catering management labour market and suggests a need for the NHS, in particular, to address career development in a more structured manner, in view of changing expectations of work in the area.
Design of an artificial neural network predictor for analysis of a hydrodynamic thrust bearing system
Authors: Yildirim Şahin 
Published: July 2006

PurposeSeeks to present a theoretical analysis on the general behaviour of a thrust bearing.Design/methodology/approachThe model programme using a method adaptation of finite differences was developed to solve the Reynolds equation for lubrication. The model in the theoretical analysis uses a single one‐dimensional grid. The altering of total lubrication load obtained as a result of under‐cutting in the thrust bearing has been determined together with the parameters such as oil film thickness and pressure. Parameters such as the pressure and thickness of the oil film were determined. The hydrodynamic behaviour of thrust bearing was analysed by considering different dimensionless system pressure, speed and geometry of the bearing. The effect of the elastic load due to elastic deflection is taken into account as the load‐bearing characteristics are included. Also, a proposed neural network predictor is utilised to analyse the general behaviour of thrust bearing.FindingsThe results of the proposed neural network predictor give superior performance for analysing of the behaviour of a thrust bearing undergoing in elastic deformation.Originality/valueThis continuation of theoretical and practical study evaluation should be of benefit to thrust bearing designers and researchers, who hopefully will make significant progress as a result.
Computer aided optimization of the hydrostatic radial journal bearings
Authors: Cavdar Kadir 
Published: July 2006

PurposeTo characterise the optimal design parameters which are useful in hydrostatic radial journal bearings design.Design/methodology/approachA computer program is developed. With this program, designers can determine and select all design parameters of the hydrostatic radial journal bearings. Design parameters are searched with an optimisation algorithm which is used as a multi‐criteria optimisation approach.FindingsWith this approach, the designer can use the time effectively. This approach is faster and more precise than other approaches in the literature.Research limitations/implicationsThis approach is valid only for a specific type of hydrostatic journal bearings and within limits of shaft velocity. This approach should be improved.Practical implicationsThis approach can especially be used for the hydrostatic journal bearings which are used for shafts‐turned middle velocities.Originality/valueThis paper fulfils the requests of the journal bearing designers exactly and quickly. In this research area, there is no another program.
Design guidelines for hydrostatic journal bearings
Authors: Martin J.K. 
Published: July 2006

PurposeTo provide an up‐to‐date review and design guide for industry users and designers of hydrostatic fluid film journal bearings.Design/methodology/approachDetailed study and review of published works dating from 1965 to 2004. Comments and comparisons made on findings and ease of use for each. Design guide study summarised in outline form showing relationships and interdependencies of dimensions and parameters.FindingsSome previous design recommendations difficult to use owing to errors, ambiguous use of symbols and undefined terms. Terms are frequently interchanged without definition, sometimes in the same paper. Many works difficult and time‐consuming to retrieve and study without access to comprehensive technical library archives.Research limitations/implicationsWork indicated that more evaluation and practical study may be needed for full study. Guideline approach useful for busy designers to help lead understanding through more detailed works available.Practical implicationsA very useful outline summarising the key features of hydrostatic bearings and the relationships between performance and key design parameters and dimensions. A good introduction for designers embarking on a new bearing design or needing to specify an application.Originality/valueEncapsulates a widely varied and published field with appropriate cautionary commentary on uses and abuses of current design guides.
Study and the implementation of the new technology of piston rings production
Authors: Kaźmierczak Andrzej 
Published: July 2006

PurposeFerric and ferrous oxides are used for coating of piston rings in order to obtain the layer, facilitating their wearing‐in at the beginning of work. This paper aims to present study and the implementation of the anti‐wear technology of piston rings production with the application of ferrous oxides. Those rings are intended for two‐stroke self‐ignited diesel engines used for driving the diesel locomotives.Design/methodology/approachIt was decided to use magnetite, Fe3O4, together with a binding agent, sodium metasilicate. Working out the adequate technology of filling the grooves of piston rings required performing a broad research range. It is possible to apply three different technologies. In order to find out which of the three methods of filling grooves gives the best results, the series of experiments were planned.FindingsExperimental results cover the variability intervals of input factors enabling the selection of their best combination by the analysis of the regression function. The paper describes the experimental plan for the wet technology with water‐glass, since it occurred to be the best considering the equipment of the factory in which it was implemented. In order to cover the variability field of input factors, the multifactor Hartley's plan was applied. On the basis of the performed investigations, it was found that all input factors are significantly influencing the filling quality of ring grooves on piston rings.Practical implicationsThis technology in one of the Polish factories in piston rings production was implemented. The implemented technology allows the production of approximately 500,000 rings annually.Originality/valueThe paper presented a new anti‐wear technology of the sealing piston rings for diesel.
Effect of surface roughness on couple stress squeeze film lubrication of long porous partial journal bearings
Authors: Bujurke N.M. , Naduvinamani N.B. , Tasneem Fathima Syeda , Benchalli S.S. 
Published: July 2006

PurposeThe aim of this paper is to investigate the effect of surface roughness on the squeeze film characteristics of long porous partial journal bearings with couple stress fluids as lubricant.Design/methodology/approachThe Stokes couple stress fluid model is included to account for the additives effects of lubricant. The Christensen's stochastic method developed for the hydrodynamic lubrication of rough surfaces is used to derive the stochastic Reynolds type equation accounting for the surface roughness and couple stresses. In the context of Christensen's stochastic theory for the hydrodynamic lubrication of rough surfaces, two types of one‐dimensional surface roughness (longitudinal and transverse) patterns are considered. The non‐linear first order differential equation governing the journal center movement is solved numerically by using the fourth order R‐K method.FindingsFrom the numerical computations of the results, it is found that, the effect of couple stresses is to increase the load carrying capacity and also the response time. The effect of surface roughness is to increase (decrease) the load carrying capacity and the response time for transverse (longitudinal) roughness pattern. However, the effect of permeability parameter is to decrease the load carrying capacity and also to decrease the response time as compared to the solid case.Originality/valueThe original findings on the combined effects of surface roughness and couple stresses on the squeeze film characteristics of long porous partial journal bearing are of use to the bearing designers.
EHL inlet zone analysis with the contact‐lubricant interfacial limiting shear stress
Authors: Zhang Y. 
Published: July 2006

PurposeTo develop a fairly different EHL inlet zone analysis for investigating the contact‐lubricant interfacial limiting shear stress effect on line contact EHL film thickness in isothermal conditions. This analysis is purposed to give fast and qualitatively correct results.Design/methodology/approachA Grubin‐like EHL inlet zone analysis is derived with closed form of the analytical results of the EHL film thickness, the EHL film pressure, the contact‐lubricant interfacial shear stress and the contact‐lubricant interfacial slipping velocity in the EHL inlet zone based on the assumption of the contact‐lubricant interfacial limiting shear stress in the EHL inlet zone. In this analysis, the lubricant is allowed to slip at the contact surface; The inlet contact surface shape is known from results referenced in this paper; The physical condition for the presence of the film slippage is incorporated; The lubricated area is divided into different kinds of film slippage zones where are, respectively, applied different governing equations. Three deterministic equations in this analysis are obtained and solving these coupled equations gives the solutions of the boundaries of the slip zone and the percentage reduction of the central film thickness by the contact‐lubricant interfacial limiting shear stress effect in this EHL.FindingsCompared with the earlier approaches to the present problem, the present analysis has the advantage of giving fast and qualitatively correct solutions. The results obtained from the present analysis show that the contact‐lubricant interfacial limiting shear stress effect on EHL film thickness is usually strong when the contact‐lubricant interfacial limiting shear stress in the EHL inlet zone is low; This effect can greatly reduce the global EHL film thickness especially in severe operating conditions.Practical implicationsA very useful material for the academic researcher and the engineer who are engaged in the study and measurement of the effect of the contact‐lubricant interfacial limiting shear stress on EHL film thickness and EHL film pressure.Originality/valueA fairly different EHL inlet zone analysis is originally developed based on the assumption of the contact‐lubricant interfacial limiting shear stress in the EHL inlet zone. The physical condition for the contact‐lubricant interfacial slippage is first incorporated in this analysis. Deterministic governing equations in this analysis are derived and solving these coupled equations gives the final solutions of the present problem. This analysis has the advantage of giving fast and qualitatively correct solutions. It convincible shows the contact‐lubricant interfacial limiting shear stress effect on EHL film thickness and EHL film pressure in the present EHL.
Thermophysical and viscosimetric properties of environmentally acceptable lubricants
Authors: Schmidt R. , Klingenberg G. , Woydt M. 
Published: July 2006

PurposeThe use of alternative oils for the lubrication of automobile engines has a potential of ecological and technical advantages. It requires the detailed knowledge of several thermophysical and viscosimetric properties in a large temperature range.Design/methodology/approachFor 11 different oils, the density, the heat capacity, the thermal conductivity, the viscosity at ambient pressure and the pressure‐viscosity at maximal 1,000 bar have been measured. The latter has been measured with a newly developed apparatus which is described in detail. Two hydrocarbon‐based factory‐fill oils and nine alternative oils have been tested. Five of the alternative oils are based partly or completely on esters, the other four on polyglycols, one of them additionally on water.FindingsData for thermophysical and viscosimetric properties are given in form of diagrams and tables. The consequences for the cooling capacity and the film forming behavior are discussed. The latter is only slightly better for the factory‐fill oils, compared to the alternative oils.Research limitations/implicationsThe pressure‐viscosity is measured at up to 1,000 bar, which is lower than the maximum pressure in the tribological contacts of an engine.Practical implicationsThe published data can be used to calculate tribological contacts which are lubricated with alternative engine oils or with actually used factory‐fill oils. This might help to decide if esters or polyglycols are superior as engine oils.Originality/valueThe results of this test program might be helpful for engineers who are interested in using alternative lubricants in tribosystems.
Managerial intuition across cultures: beyond a “West‐East dichotomy”
Authors: Woźniak Anna 
Published: July 2006

PurposeStudies investigating intuition from a cultural and cross‐cultural perspective have a long tradition in various disciplines but, due to the increased internationalization of business, an understanding of the mental lives of other cultures became one of the priorities of management practitioners and theoreticians. Cultures of Anglo‐American and East Asian origins have drawn particular attention. However, an analysis of management research studies and those in other disciplines shows that the former do not back up the “intuitive East versus analytical West” pattern set by the latter. The article aims at discussing this discrepancy, its origins as well as the implication for the managerial practice.Design/methodology/approachThe article provides an overview of the various concepts of intuition and methods of measuring it across cultures. It seeks to understand how various epistemological assumptions incorporated in the research affected the results obtained. An aspect under particular scrutiny in the article is the concept of cognitive style, which is employed frequently in management studies.FindingsOne explanation for inconsistent results is a premature effort of management science to test a hypothesis generated by other disciplines, applying different conceptualizations, definitions, methodologies as well as populations. The conclusion is that the cross‐cultural research in management is in need of a more exploratory research, paying attention to the specificity of management context and local knowledge.Research limitations/implicationsThe article proposes that a methodology that potentially has a capacity to meet these requirements is the narrative approach. Possible implications of this observation are discussed in the context of multicultural teams management practice.Originality/valueThe article provides useful information on managerial intuition and methods of measuring it across cultures.
Internationally‐educated health professionals: a distance education multiple cultures model
Authors: Lum Lillie 
Published: July 2006

PurposeThis paper aims to explore issues that must be addressed in post‐secondary educational planning and delivery such that social cultural factors within the learning environment are recognized in ways that affirm the learner's cultural traditions.Design/methodology/approachThe adoption of a multiple cultures model of instructional design with an emphasis on implementing flexible learning using instructional technology is proposed.FindingsThe paper finds that as student mobility continues to increase across educational programs and geographic borders, the need to accommodate cultural differences in an increasingly heterogeneous study will have to increase dramatically and, for this to occur, institutions and faculty will have to improve their insight into cultural and learning differences that affect teaching and learning.Practical implicationsDistance education courses are commonly offered in professional upgrading or “bridging” programs as one solution to addressing the apparent knowledge and experience gaps of newly immigrated internationally‐educated practitioners. Useful strategies for accommodating individual styles and preferences in a multiple cultures professional online learning context have been described.Originality/valueLearning preferences and styles are inextricably related to cultural background as well as curricular and course design. This paper provides a much‐needed professional distance education framework that integrates the skills and values of the student with those of the local professional community to create a unified and authentic learning environment.