bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Les microorganismes auxiliaires de ľétablissement des symbioses mycorhiziennes
Authors: de Oliveira V. L. , Garbaye J. 
Published: June 2007

Abstract Microorganisms stimulating the establishment of mycorrhizal symbiosis (a review). A review of the literature on the relationships between rhizospheric microbial communities and mycorrhizal development shows very strong interactions. Many cases of stimulation by microorganisms of the symbiosis establishment and stability have been reported. The stimulating microorganisms of the symbiosis establishment and stability have been reported. The stimulating microorganisms belong to a wide range of taxonomic groups and some of them are very closely associated with the mycorrhizal fungus in its symbiotic form, suggesting a co‐evolution toward mutual benefit. The positive interactions can be the result of a number of mechanisms: direct trophic effects, detoxication, indirect effects through action on the root, antagonism to other microorganisms inhibiting the mycorrhizal development. The practical implications of the present knowledge on the subject are discussed, leading to the conclusion that some sort of integrated biological control of mycorrhizal symbioses is worth developing, in order to improve the efficiency of mycorrhizal inoculation.
Mesure de la couleur CIELAB des aiguilles D'épicea (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) pour suivre l'action des polluants atmosphériques, dans le cadre d'un dispositif expérimental de pollution controlée Evaluation du jaunissement des aiguilles à l'aide des paramètres de couleur L*, a*, b*, C*, h*, et de la transformée de fourier des courbes de réflectance
Authors: Janin G. , Flot J. L. , Ory J. M. , Garrec J. P. , Rose C. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractMeasurement of the CIELAB colour variations of the Norway spruce needles [Picea abies (L.) Karst.] to detect the action of the air pollutants, in the experimental open‐top chambers of monitored pollution. Evaluation of the spruce needles yellowishness by the mean of the colours parameters (L*, a*, b*, C*, h*), and the Fourier transformation of the reflectance curves.The colour parameters of the yellowishness of spruce needles observed during the experiments in open‐top chambers with the controlled pollution can be measured quantitatively by mean of the CIELAB system L*, a*, b*, C*, h, parameters. The study of the reflectance curves in the fourier transformation provides also significant coefficients of the colour differences. Three different provenances of the spruce, 5‐year‐old, shows great differences in saturation (C*), and hue angle (h).
Pollenkeimung unter Einfluß elektromagnetischer Wellen und Felder
Authors: Krug Elke 
Published: June 2007

AbstractPollen germination of Norway spruce and Scots pine is stimulated by low doses of x‐rays and radar (densities 2,7–6 mW/m2) when exposed for one minute. Longer exposition inhibited germination generally, but the less vital pollen seemed to be destroyed first. Radiowaves with λ= 3m and electrostatic fields (frequency 50 Hz; field intensities between 2 kV/m and 10 kV/m) did not show effects on germinating pollen. Pollen tubes were longer when germinated in darkness.
Comparaison de deux méthodes d'identification des clones chèz le Basidiomycete parasite Armillaria obscura (syn: A. ostoyae)
Authors: Guillaumin J. J. , Berthelay Suzanne 
Published: June 2007

AbstractTwo methods were compared intending to distinguish between the clones of the root‐rot fungusArmillaria obscura(syn.Armillaria ostoyae) in nature: one based on the pairing of the diploid isolates in pure culture, the other using the incompatibility alleles as genetic markers. AsA. obscurafruits easily in vitro, both methods could be used for any type of diploid isolate whatever its origin.The two methods were quite superposable and defined the same clones. Artificial diploids issuing from the same fruitbody and isogenic for the incompatibility alleles appeared to belong to the same clone in pairing tests.
Electron microscopical studies of poplar clones inoculated with Xanthomonas populi subsp. populi
Authors: Ebrahim‐Nesbat F. , Tiedemann S. von , Albrecht S. , Heitefuss R. , Hüttermann A. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractDistribution of Xanthomonas populi subs, populi was studied 21 days postinoculation in highly susceptible, susceptible and tolerant poplar clones (Populus trichocarpa): Heimburger, Muhle‐Larsen and Columbia River. Bacteria were observed in the intercellular spaces of leaf trace of both clones Heimburger and Muhle‐Larsen. No bacteria were detected 21 days after inoculation (dpi) in ultrathin sections of the clone Columbia River. The direct effect of bacteria on the host cells was the expanding intercellular space of leaf traces by dissolution of the middle lamellae and cell walls, and collapse of the surrounding cells.Sixteen weeks following the inoculation a tumour developed only at the inoculation site of the clone Muhle‐Larsen; Heimburger showed longitudinal cracks.
Diseases of Italian cypress caused by Botryodiplodia theobromae Pat.
Authors: Bruck R. I. , Solfl Z. , Ben‐Ze'ev I. S. , Zehavi A. 
Published: June 2007

Abstract Botryodiplodia theobromae was identified as the causal agent of three hitherto undescribed diseases of Italian cypress, Cupressus sempervirens: (i) crown wilt, on mature trees, (ii) Botryodiplodia stem tanker, on mature trees, and (iii) seedling blight, in nursery stands.
Long lasting effects of O3 and SO2 on the sensitivity to drought in two clones of Picea abies (L.) Karst.
Authors: Dotzler Maria , Schütt P. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractRooted cuttings of two Picea abies‐clones were fumigated with O3 and O3+ SO2 for 12 weeks. After 4 and 16 months without fumigation the treated plants showed much higher sensitivity to drought (expressed in osmotic potential of cell sap and in percent survival) than the untreated ones.
Quantification of Armillaria rhizomorphs in Wisconsin aspen sucker stands
Authors: Stanosz G. R. , Patton R. F. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractWeights of rhizomorphs of undetermined Armillaria sp. obtained using ring‐trench and core soil sampling methods around aspen stumps in stands at different intervals after harvest were correlated. The core method was used to sample a second series of stands twice (at an interval of two growing seasons) at radial distances of 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 meters from stump centers. Stands were uncut (at both samplings) or 3, 6, 9, 12, or 15 years after harvest (at the time of the initial sampling). Rhizomorphs were obtained from less than half the cores from the uncut stand, and the quantities (weights and lengths) were relatively small from both samplings. Mean numbers of soil cores yielding rhizomorphs and the mean quantities obtained generally increased as a function of the interval after harvest (and from the first to the second sampling), except for the oldest stand.
Necrotic spots induced by simulated acid rain on needles of Abies balsamea saplings
Authors: Whitney R. D. , Ip D. W. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractSimulated acid rain (SAR) of pH 2.6, 3.6 and 5.6 (control) was applied to Abies balsamea (L.) Mill. saplings at 2‐week intervals for 3 years. Ambient precipitation was excluded from the trees during this period. Light to dark brown necrotic spots along the midribs of needles, 0.1 to 0.5mm in diameter and sometimes having a white center, were associated with the most acidic (pH 2.6) SAR treatment. These spots appeared over a significantly (p = 0.05) larger area of the foliage in the pH 2.6 treatment than in controls (pH 5.6). Needles that received SAR of pH 3.6 had intermediate numbers of spots. The spots persisted for at least 12/3 years after cessation of SAR application. Needle retention, needle lengths, and the occurrence of epicormic shoots and the needle rust caused by Uredinopsis longimucronata Faull were not significantly (p = 0.05) affected by the SAR treatments. Needle retention tended to be lessened by the most acidic (pH 2.6) SAR treatment. The occurrence of Lophodermium piceae (Fuckel) Höhnel needle cast was significantly lower in the middle tree sections of the pH 5.6 and 3.6 treatments than in the pH 2.6, drought and ambient treatments. Damage by naturally occurring insects was negligible, and was not related to the SAR treatments.
A very simple method for long‐term storage of fungal cultures
Authors: Delatour C. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe method is based on the capacity of many fungi to invade and survive in wood for a long time. Small standard pieces of inoculated wood are piled up in test tubes stored in cold conditions. Reisolation of the fungus is easy by picking out only one piece of wood without disturbating the whole arrangement. By this process a large number of fungi, not only basidiomycetes, can be stored over many years without any subculturing.
Zur Taxonomie und Pathogenität von Ophiostoma piceae (Münch) Syd. im Zusammenhang mit Absterbeerscheinungen in Trauben‐ und Stieleichenbeständen des mittel‐ und nordostdeutschen Diluviums
Authors: Eisenhauer D. R. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractTaxonomy and pathogenicity of Ophiostoma piceae (Münch) Syd. in connection with dieback in sessile‐ and pedunculate oak stands of the Central German and the North Eastern German Diluvium Region. The loss of vitality resulting in the dying of oak forests is most probably caused by a complex of phytopathological factors. One part of this complex may be a vascular mycosis. In this connection Ophiostoma piceae (Münch) Syd. is one of the most discussed vascular fungi. Results of investigations on the variability of some morphological parameters, of cultural growth, of the pathogenicity and of the toxicity of metabolites are reported.
Pezicula canker of Quercus rubra L., caused by Pezicula cinnamomea (DC.) Sacc. I. Symptoms and pathogenesis
Authors: Kehr R.D. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractPerennial cankers on trunks of Quercus rubra planted in Germany affect trees from age 30 onward. Symptoms and histopathology are presented and compared with other major causes of bark disorders on Red Oak in Europe. Infection trials with the causal agent, Pezicula cinnamomea (DC.) Sacc., are described and pathogenesis of the disease is discussed along with predisposing factors.
Etude experimentale du transport de Pinoculum de Ceratocystis fimbriata f. platani par ľeau ?une riviere
Authors: Grosclaude C. , Olivier R. , Pizzuto J.‐C. , Romiti Corinne 
Published: June 2007

Abstract Dissemination of Ceratocystis fimbriata f. platani inoculum by river water. C. fimbriata was detected up to 108 m downstream from pieces of diseased plane tree placed in a fixed site in a river in Southern France. Assessment of C. fimbriata was realized by a trapping method with healthy wood.
Abscisic acid content and defense reactions in callus cultures of poplar
Authors: Hř Ib J. , Rittich B. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractCallus cultures of Populus×euramericana cv. ‘NL‐B‐132’ derived from stem and leaf tissue were compared for their content of abscisic acid and defense reactions against the basidiomycete Phaeolus schweinitzii. The callus from stems showed higher ABA‐contents and a more pronounced defense reaction in comparison with leaf callus.
Effects of NO2 on hoop pine can be counteracted by SO2
Authors: Murray F. , Clarke Karen , Wilson Susan 
Published: June 2007

AbstractLong intermittent exposures ofAraucaria cunninghamii to SO2 and NO2 produced complex interactions with effects on resource allocation and plant morphology. Exposure to NO2 decreased chlorophyll concentrations but increased stem diameter and shoot fresh weight, in an apparent compensatory response, altering the growth form of the tree. The effects of NO2 were counteracted by the additional presence of SO2, although SO2 alone had little effect.
Differences in susceptibility of Eucalyptus species to Phaeoseptoria eucalypti
Authors: Nichol Nicola S. , Wingfield M. J. , Swart W. J. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractFour different Eucalyptus species trials, in Natal province, South Africa, were rated for susceptibility to Phaeoseptoria eucalypti. All species found to be susceptible to P. eucalypti belonged to the subgenus Symphyomyrtus. In contrast, species belonging to the subgenus Monocalyptus were resistant to P. eucalypti. Trials at Gowan Brae and Sutton indicated that E. tereticornis and E. camaldulensis were relatively more susceptible than other Eucalyptus species. E: grandis, E. botryoides and E. saligna were found to be the most susceptible species to P. eucalypti at Bloemendal and Seven Oaks.
Ermittlung und Bewertung quantitativer Virusresistenz von Pappeln nach Inokulation mit Pappelmosaik‐Virus (poplar mosaic virus, PopMV)
Authors: Von Kontzog H.‐G. , Ebrahim‐Nesbat F. 
Published: June 2007

Abstract Determination and evaluation of quantitative virus resistance in poplars inoculated with poplar mosaic virus (PopMV). Statistical analysis of data on symptom severity and virus concentration in PopMV‐infected leaves were used to determine differences in virus resistance among poplar clones. These differences were confirmed in ultrastructural studies.
Studies of the life cycle of Gremmeniella abietina on Scots pine in southern Sweden
Authors: Hellgren M. , Barklund Pia 
Published: June 2007

AbstractAspects of the life cycle ofGremmeniella abietina(Lagerb.) Morelet were studied from 1988 to 1990 in stands ofPinus sylvestrisL., 16–32 years old, in southern Sweden, initiated in 1988 with a widespread outbreak of the disease. Pycnidia started to release conidia in late spring and apothecia began to release ascospores in summer. Latent infections could still be detected one year after their establishment by cultivation of healthy looking shoots on agar petri dishes.G. abietinaappeared to have a mainly biennal life cycle, as most spores were released two years after infection of the shoot.
Structural responses in bark to mechanical wounding and Armillaria ostoyae infection in seedlings of Pinus sylvestris
Authors: Wahlström K. T. , Johansson M. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe sequence of events leading to the restoration of an intact periderm surface in the stem bark of Pinus sylvestris following wounding and challenge with Armillaria ostoyae was determined. A sub‐erized impervious tissue (SIT) was produced outside the necrophylactic periderm (NP). Al‐though A. ostoyae initially infected wounded bark with intracelfularly growing hyphae, these died before penetrating deeply into the bark. Later, intercellularly growing rhizomorphs, which had also developed from the inoculum, penetrated the NP and infected the functional phloem/ cambial zone. Compared to the reactions in uninfected wounded bark, the A. ostoyae infection delayed the formation of NP and reduced the frequency of cells involved in lignification and in SIT, but increased the number of lignified cell layers. The rhizomorph infection reached deeper and lignification was more pronounced in defoliated seedlings than in non‐defoliated ones. The importance of structural responses in defence against A. ostoyae is discussed.
Compartmentalization response of two clones of hybrid‐poplar
Authors: Smith K. T. , Shortle W. C. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractA 14‐day bioassay indicated the effectiveness of Compartmentalization evident 24 months following wounding of two clones of hybrid‐poplar. The boundary pattern adjacent to columns of wound‐initiated discoloration indicated that column boundary layer formation was not the sole determinant for the effectiveness of Compartmentalization.
Fungi associated with above‐ground portions of declining oaks (Quercus robur) in Germany
Authors: Kehr R. D. , Wulf A. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractVarious disease symptoms on oak (Quercus robur L.) affected by oak decline in northern Germany were examined for fungal colonization. The isolated fungi are evaluated in respect to their possible pathogenic qualities and the results are compared with those of other authors and geographic regions.
Discolouration and decay from artificial wounds in 20‐year‐old Eucalyptus regnans
Authors: White D. A. , Kile G. A. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe spatial arrangement of discolouration and decay from artificial wounds in Eucalyptus regnans was consistent with the CODIT model of shigo and marx (1977) up to 2 years after wounding. Discolouration and decay had spread more from wounds which remained bark‐covered than from those where the bark was removed from the bole.
In vitro antagonism by Ulocladium botrytis of Phellinus weirii, Heterobasidion annosum, and Armillaria ostoyae
Authors: Reaves J. L. , Crawford R. H. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractIn Vitroantagonism of three root‐disease pathogens,Phellinus weirii, Heterobasidion annosum, andArmillaria ostoyaebyUlocladium botrytis(Preuss) is discussed. On solid medium, areas of inhibition were characteristic of antagonism, whereas, in liquid medium, antagonism resulted in the reduction of the colony dry weights of the pathogens. The antagonistic effect ofU. botrytiswas fungistatic.
Geographical distribution of the Armillaria species in The Netherlands in relation to soil type and hosts
Authors: Termorshuizen A. J. , Arnolds E. J. M. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe geographical distribution of the annulate Armillaria species was studied in The Netherlands during the period 1983–1992. Armillaria gallica (incl. A. cepistipes), A. mellea and A. ostoyae appear to be widespread, the first two species being rather common on broad‐leaved hosts growing on clay and loess soils, and the third species common on both broad‐leaved and coniferous hosts on acid sandy soils. The distribution of the Armillaria species encountered was primarily determined by soil type. From a silvicultural point of view, A. ostoyae is the most important species, being pathogenic and occurring most frequently on sandy soils, the soil type predominantly used for forestry in The Netherlands.
Variation and heritability of resistance of lodgepole pine to Western gall rust
Authors: Kojwang H. O. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractFamilies of pine seedlings from 40 open‐pollinated trees (mother trees) from the interior of British Columbia (B. C.) were inoculated with two spore mixtures, one from the coast and the other from the interior of B. C. The relative susceptibilities of the 40 families to each spore mixture was assessed and narrow sense heritability with respect to disease resistance was estimated. The results are presented and discussed.
Ethylene production during symptom development of pine‐wilt disease
Authors: Fukuda K. , Hogetsu T. , Suzuki K. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractEthylene release from Pinus thunbergii Parl. seedlings was examined after inoculation with virulent and avirulent isolates of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus. Enhanced ethylene release was observed only in seedlings inoculated with the virulent isolate. The avirulent isolate induced necrosis of xylem ray cells and embolism in some tracheids, however, the cambium and outermost xylem was intact where water conduction was maintained. The ethylene increase coincided with cambial death in seedlings inoculated with the virulent isolate.
Detection of MLOs in declining alder trees in Southern Italy and their characterization by RFLP analysis
Authors: Marcone C. , Firrao G. , Ragozzino A. , Locci R. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractMycoplasma‐like organisms (MLOs) were detected and characterized by RFLP analysis in declining trees of Alnus glutinosa and A. cordata in Southern Italy for the first time. The infected trees showed symptoms of yellowing, sparse foliage, premature autumn colouration, sprouting, deliquescent branching, phloem necrosis, dieback and witches’ brooms.
Phellinus torulosus on Cupressus sempervirens in Italy
Authors: Panconesi A. , Santini A. , Casini N. 
Published: June 2007

Abstract Phellinus torulosus was reported for the first time on Cupressus sempervirens in Tuscany, Italy. This fungus causes white rot in roots and stems and may also invade and kill the cortical tissue. The invasion of trees by the fungus and its subsequent spread is probably facilitated by fire scars.
Environmental Effects on Norway Spruce Needle Wax
Authors: Günthardt‐Goerg M. S. , Keller T. , Matyssek R. , Scheidegger C. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractIn spring, tubular wax structures were observed on the needle surfaces of new Norway spruce needles and also on previous‐year needles. In young plants, as in mature trees, the fusing and eroding of the wax tubes on needles of increasing age had taken place in relation to their exposure, particularly to wind and precipitation. The quantity of needle wax and certain fractions of the extracted wax differed in mature trees at two field sites and in young clonal plants. No difference in wax quantity and only small differences in wax composition occurred among young plants which had undergone different treatments (fumigation with O3, SO2, ambient air, filtered air, or planting at the sites). Environmental effects on wax structure, wax quantity and the presence of certain compounds in the wax were identified.
Shoot dieback of lodgepole pine in Scotland caused by Ramichloridium pini
Authors: Rahman M. A. , Millar C. S. , Gibbs J. N. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractResearch conducted on shoot dieback of lodgepole pine, Pinus contorta, during the early 1980's in west Scotland is summarised. The dieback symptoms and their stages of development are described. Ramichloridium pini de Hoog and Rahman was regularly isolated from bark and xylem tissue of dieased shoots. Artificial inoculations established that this fungus was the cause of the disease.
A selective medium for Phellinus noxins
Authors: Chang Tun Tschu 
Published: June 2007

SummaryA selective medium was developed for isolation of Phellinus noxius. The medium consists of 20 g/l malt‐extract, 20 g/l agar, 10 mg/l benomyl, 10 mg/l dicloran, 100 mg/l ampicillin and 500 mg/1 gallic acid. For isolation of P. noxius from soils, 1000 mg/l tergitol NP‐7 was added to restrict the size of individual colonies. Comparisons of this selective medium with other media selective for isolation of hymenomycetes showed that the former was more effective for isolation of P. noxius.
Pseudomonas syringae. pv.morsprunorum on wild cherry for timber production: outbreak and field susceptibility
Authors: Scortichini M. , Biocca M. , Rossi M. P. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryIn central Italy, Pseudomonas syringae pv. morsprunorum was isolated from wild cherries (Pranus avium) that had been planted for timber production. Biochemical tests were consistent with those characterizing the pathovar. Pathogenicity tests yielded necrotic lesions, shot holes on the leaves and decoloration of the tissues beneath the twig periderm, but no symptoms on inoculated lilac and pear leaves. In addition, whole‐cell protein profiles of the isolates and reference strains were remarkably homogenous when analysed by cluster analysis. All isolates were negative in ice‐nucleation activity and in antifungal‐compound production. The main symptoms observed in the field were cankers on twigs, branches and trunks, as well as withering of the shoots. Evalution of the field susceptibility of 18 clones indicated that the following selections must be considered susceptible to the pathogen: Montemignaio, Piantata Catenaia, Puzzolo, Raggiolo, Pozzacce 2, Pozzacce I, Paradision. Alpe 2 seems to be less susceptible.