bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Training pathologists to assess stromal tumour‐infiltrating lymphocytes in breast cancer synergises efforts in clinical care and scientific research
Authors: Ly Amy , Garcia Victor , Blenman Kim R M , Ehinger Anna , Elfer Katherine , Hanna Matthew G , Li Xiaoxian , Peeters Dieter J E , Birmingham Ryan , Dudgeon Sarah , Gardecki Emma , Gupta Rajarsi , Lennerz Jochen , Pan Tony , Saltz Joel , Wharton Keith A , Ehinger Daniel , Acs Balazs , Dequeker Elisabeth M C , Salgado Roberto , Gallas Brandon D 
Published: March 2024

A growing body of research supports stromal tumour‐infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) density in breast cancer to be a robust prognostic and predicive biomarker. The gold standard for stromal TIL density quantitation in breast cancer is pathologist visual assessment using haematoxylin and eosin‐stained slides. Artificial intelligence/machine‐learning algorithms are in development to automate the stromal TIL scoring process, and must be validated against a reference standard such as pathologist visual assessment. Visual TIL assessment may suffer from significant interobserver variability. To improve interobserver agreement, regulatory science experts at the US Food and Drug Administration partnered with academic pathologists internationally to create a freely available online continuing medical education (CME) course to train pathologists in assessing breast cancer stromal TILs using an interactive format with expert commentary. Here we describe and provide a user guide to this CME course, whose content was designed to improve pathologist accuracy in scoring breast cancer TILs. We also suggest subsequent steps to translate knowledge into clinical practice with proficiency testing.
Ginsenoside Rb1 alleviates lipopolysaccharide‐induced inflammation in human dental pulp cells via the PI3K/Akt, NF‐κB, and MAPK signalling pathways
Authors: Nam Ok Hyung , Kim Jae‐Hwan , Kang Si Won , Chae Yong Kwon , Jih Myeong‐Kwan , You Hyekyoung Hannah , Koh Jeong‐Tae , Kim Young 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAimAmong numerous constituents of Panax ginseng, a constituent named Ginsenoside Rb1 (G‐Rb1) has been studied to diminish inflammation associated with diseases. This study investigated the anti‐inflammatory properties of G‐Rb1 on human dental pulp cells (hDPCs) exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and aimed to determine the underlying molecular mechanisms.MethodologyThe KEGG pathway analysis was performed after RNA sequencing in G‐Rb1‐ and LPS‐treated hDPCs. Reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT–PCR) and western blot analysis were used for the assessment of cell adhesion molecules and inflammatory cytokines. Statistical analysis was performed with one‐way ANOVA and the Student–Newman–Keuls test.ResultsG‐Rb1 did not exhibit any cytotoxicity within the range of concentrations tested. However, it affected the levels of TNF‐α, IL‐6 and IL‐8, as these showed reduced levels with exposure to LPS. Additionally, less mRNA and protein expressions of vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1 (VCAM‐1) and intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 (ICAM‐1) were shown. With the presence of G‐Rb1, decreased levels of PI3K/Akt, phosphorylated IκBα and p65 were also observed. Furthermore, phosphorylated ERK and JNK by LPS were diminished within 15, 30 and 60 min of G‐Rb1 exposure; however, the expression of non‐phosphorylated ERK and JNK remained unchanged.ConclusionsG‐Rb1 suppressed the LPS‐induced increase of cell adhesion molecules and inflammatory cytokines, while also inhibiting PI3K/Akt, phosphorylation of NF–κB transcription factors, ERK and JNK of MAPK signalling in hDPCs.
Faking good and bad on self‐reports versus informant‐reports of Dark Triad personality
Authors: Walker Sarah A. , MacCann Carolyn 
Published: March 2024

AbstractResearch consistently demonstrates that people can distort their responses on self‐report personality tests. Informant‐reports (where a knowledgeable informant rates a target's personality) can be used as an alternative to self‐ratings. However, there has been little research on the extent to which informants can distort their responses on personality tests (or their motives for response distortion). The current study examines the effects of experimentally induced response distortion on self‐ and informant‐reports of the Dark Triad. The participants (N = 834 undergraduates) completed Dark Triad measures in a 2 × 3 between‐person design crossing format (self‐ vs. informant‐report [imagined friend]) with instruction condition (answer honestly, look good, or look bad). “Look good” effects were significant for both self‐reports (d = −1.22 to 1.42) and informant‐reports (d = −1.35 to 0.62). “Look bad” effects were also significant for both self‐reports (d = −0.56 to 3.58) and informant‐reports (d = −0.55 to 3.70). The Five Factor Machiavellianism Inventory results were opposite to hypotheses, but Dirty Dozen Machiavellianism results were as expected. We conclude that people can distort Dark Triad scores for themselves (self‐report) and on behalf of someone else (informant‐report). We discuss the relevance of our findings for self‐ and informant‐report assessment in applied contexts.
Generosity's double‐edged sword: Unmasking the impact of raised social assistance rates in Norway
Authors: Lorentzen Thomas , Dahl Espen 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAs long as welfare arrangements have been in existence, there has been a strong belief that high‐benefit generosity leads to welfare reliance. In this study, we investigate whether an increase in welfare generosity in Norway resulted in higher social assistance (SA) uptake and decreased engagement in paid work. By utilizing high‐quality administrative data and employing a difference‐in‐difference design, we find no overall effects on SA or work activity. However, we do observe a significant reduction in work activity and an increase in SA for specific predefined high‐risk groups, which are believed to be particularly responsive to financial incentives. Thus, we discover evidence of unfavorable effects for child families, non‐Western immigrants, and the combined group of non‐Western immigrant child families. These latter findings are interpreted in light of the particular socioeconomic circumstances of these groups.
Preparation of (Ti0.2Zr0.2Hf0.2Nb0.2Ta0.2)C high‐entropy ceramic nanopowders via liquid‐phase precursor
Authors: Xie Chenyi , Miao Huaming , Wan Fan , Wang Yanfei , Li Duan , Liu Rongjun 
Published: March 2024

AbstractUsing citric acid, ethylene glycol, ZrOCl2·8H2O, HfOCl2·8H2O, TiCl4, NbCl5, and TaCl5 as raw materials, the (Ti0.2Zr0.2Hf0.2Nb0.2Ta0.2)C high‐entropy ceramic precursor was prepared by Pechini coordination polymerization method. The precursor and pyrolysis products were analyzed and characterized by different methods. The results showed that the precursor formed a chelate structure, which greatly improved the stability of the precursor, and was clear and transparent with moderate viscosity (30–50 mPa·s). At a low pyrolysis temperature of 1600°C, single‐phase (Ti0.2Zr0.2Hf0.2Nb0.2Ta0.2)C high‐entropy ceramic nanopowders with a ceramic yield of 50.8% can be obtained. The high‐entropy ceramic powder has high purity, a particle size of about 140–200 nm, and uniform element distribution. It is suitable for introduction into fiber‐reinforced ceramic matrix composite by precursor infiltration and pyrolysis (PIP) process.
Clinical supervision experience of nurses in or transitioning to advanced practice: A systematic review
Authors: Zonneveld Debbie , Conroy Tiffany , Lines Lauren 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAimsTo systematically explore the clinical supervision (CS) experience for nurses transitioning to advanced practice.DesignA qualitative systematic review using Joanna Briggs Institute meta‐aggregation following an a priori protocol published on PROSPERO (CRD42023426658).Data SourcesQualitative studies obtained from Medline, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Scopus, Emcare and ERIC databases and ProQuest dissertations and theses for peer‐reviewed, published and unpublished studies from inception to July 2023.Review MethodsTwo authors conducted data screening and abstraction. Quality was appraised using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme tool and reporting followed the Enhancing Transparency in Reporting the Synthesis of Qualitative Research checklist for systematic reviews.ResultsSixteen studies contributed to five synthesized findings: CS that is beneficial requires structure and commitment, trusting relationships are foundational for learning, lifting burdens and preventing burnout, learning through reflection, critical thinking and feedback and barriers to CS.ConclusionsThis review provides a meaningful exploration of CS to support nurses transitioning to advanced practice. Well‐structured supervision offers a safe space to share work‐related concerns and develop an advanced practitioner identity. Sharing experiences helps alleviate work‐related burdens and reduce professional isolation and burnout.Implications for the ProfessionPeer‐support networks are vital for successful transition to advanced practice.ImpactThis review highlighted the impact of effective supervisory relationships in forming professional identity and possible links with nursing retention.Public ContributionNo direct patient contributions are included as it forms part of a research degree.
Nonclinical evaluation of chronic cardiac contractility modulation on 3D human engineered cardiac tissues
Authors: Feaster Tromondae K. , Ewoldt Jourdan K. , Avila Anna , Casciola Maura , Narkar Akshay , Chen Christopher S. , Blinova Ksenia 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIntroductionCardiac contractility modulation (CCM) is a medical device‐based therapy delivering non‐excitatory electrical stimulations to the heart to enhance cardiac function in heart failure (HF) patients. The lack of human in vitro tools to assess CCM hinders our understanding of CCM mechanisms of action. Here, we introduce a novel chronic (i.e., 2‐day) in vitro CCM assay to evaluate the effects of CCM in a human 3D microphysiological system consisting of engineered cardiac tissues (ECTs).MethodsCryopreserved human induced pluripotent stem cell‐derived cardiomyocytes were used to generate 3D ECTs. The ECTs were cultured, incorporating human primary ventricular cardiac fibroblasts and a fibrin‐based gel. Electrical stimulation was applied using two separate pulse generators for the CCM group and control group. Contractile properties and intracellular calcium were measured, and a cardiac gene quantitative PCR screen was conducted.ResultsChronic CCM increased contraction amplitude and duration, enhanced intracellular calcium transient amplitude, and altered gene expression related to HF (i.e., natriuretic peptide B, NPPB) and excitation‐contraction coupling (i.e., sodium‐calcium exchanger, SLC8).ConclusionThese data represent the first study of chronic CCM in a 3D ECT model, providing a nonclinical tool to assess the effects of cardiac electrophysiology medical device signals complementing in vivo animal studies. The methodology established a standardized 3D ECT‐based in vitro testbed for chronic CCM, allowing evaluation of physiological and molecular effects on human cardiac tissues.
Perspective on Temporomandibular Joint Disorder: Foramen Tympanicum Defect
Authors: Ozmen Elif Esra , Satir Samed , Icen Veysel 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundForamen tympanicum (FT) is a defect located anterior‐inferior to the external acoustic meatus. We evaluated its prevalence, location, size, and relationship with temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders.MethodsCone beam computed tomography was performed for 200 patients who presented to the Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey University Ahmet Keleşoğlu Faculty of Dentistry Hospital. The location and size of the FT in the axial and sagittal planes were evaluated. Descriptive statistics were used to compare the study parameters among age and sex groups. Patients with FT were reevaluated by two maxillofacial surgeons at the study centre.ResultsIn total, 200 images from 400 joints were examined. Unilateral and bilateral FT (19 [9.5%] and 8 [4%], respectively) was detected in 35 (17.5%) images from 27 (13.5%) patients. Examinations were performed for TMJ disorders in 24 patients. Participants with bilateral defects had the highest rates of presence of sounds and ear pain on the left and right sides (p < .05).ConclusionForamen tympanicum can lead to TMJ disorders and spread of tumours or infections from the external auditory canal to the infratemporal fossa. The increased prevalence of such disorders in patients with bilateral FT suggests an association between them.
Evaluation of taurine and carnitine concentrations in whole blood, plasma, skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle in dogs
Authors: McCauley Sydney R. , Clark Stephanie D. , Leach Stacey B. , Quest Bradley W. , Streeter Renee M. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractLittle is known about how plasma and whole blood taurine and plasma carnitine correlate to concentrations in skeletal and cardiac muscle and the effects of diet in dogs. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the correlation among plasma, skeletal and cardiac muscle carnitine and taurine and whole blood taurine and determine the effect of diet. The study protocol was approved by the Pet Food Solutions Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. Thirty‐three mixed‐breed hounds and 32 beagles were evaluated at Day 0 then removed from their baseline diet and randomized to a test diet: high animal protein, grain‐inclusive (HA‐GI), low animal protein, grain‐free (LA‐GF), low animal protein, grain‐inclusive (LA‐GI), or high animal protein, grain‐free (HA‐GF). Blood was drawn every 30 days and endomyocardial (mixed breeds only) and skeletal muscle biopsies were collected at Days 0 and 180. The correlations between plasma and whole blood taurine, or plasma carnitine and skeletal and cardiac muscle concentrations were weak (p < 0.01–0.05). Mixed‐breed hounds had increased (p = 0.029) whole blood taurine compared to beagles. Plasma taurine was lower with diet HA‐GF, (p = 0.009) however, all diets had increased taurine from Day 0 and were, on average within the laboratory reference range. Dogs fed the HA‐GI diet had increased cardiac muscle carnitine esters (p = 0.014). Increased carnitine esters were also appreciated in cardiac muscle in all diets from Day 0 to 180 (p = 0.0001). On Day 180 mixed‐breed hounds had increased skeletal total carnitine (p < 0.001) compared to all time points and breeds. This study observed no correlation between plasma, whole blood, skeletal and cardiac muscle taurine concentrations but noted some effects between time, breed and diet.
Retrospective evaluation of leflunomide as an adjunctive therapy in dogs with non‐associative immune‐mediated thrombocytopenia: 20 cases (2008‐2021)
Authors: Spear D. J. , Crouse Z. J. , Kearns S. A. 
Published: March 2024

ObjectiveTo describe leflunomide as an adjunctive therapy in the treatment of non‐associative immune‐mediated thrombocytopenia.Materials and MethodsA retrospective study of dogs with a diagnosis of non‐associative immune‐mediated thrombocytopenia treated with leflunomide March 2008 to September 2021 was conducted. Data collected included signalment, clinical signs, physical examination findings and diagnostic testing performed. Medications administered, duration of hospital stay, time to platelet concentration >150×109/L and adverse events during leflunomide therapy were recorded. Relapses within a year of diagnosis were reported.ResultsA total of 20 client‐owned dogs met inclusion criteria. Nineteen of 20 dogs (95%) achieved a platelet concentration >150×109/L with leflunomide and prednisone combination therapy and four dogs (21.1%) relapsed during treatment or shortly after treatment. Adverse effects included diarrhoea (n=5), mild lymphopenia (n=9) and mild intermittent anaemia (n=1). A single dog developed hepatotoxicity presumed to be secondary to leflunomide therapy that resolved after drug discontinuation. One dog was treated for aspiration pneumonia during treatment. Two dogs were euthanased while receiving leflunomide.Clinical SignificanceLength of hospitalisation, time to platelet recovery, treatment response and relapse rate were comparable with alternative treatment protocols. Most adverse effects did not require leflunomide dose adjustment; however, two dogs died while undergoing leflunomide treatment and there is compelling evidence that one of these dogs experienced fatal infection secondary to immune‐suppression. Hepatotoxicity remains a known complication of leflunomide treatment and serial biochemistry testing is recommended.
Standards of proficiency for registered nurses—To what end? A critical analysis of contemporary mental health nursing within the United Kingdom context
Authors: Bifarin Oladayo , Collier‐Sewell Freya , Smith Grahame , Moriarty Jo , Shephard Han , Andrews Lauren , Pearson Sam , Kasperska Mari 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAgainst the backdrop of cultural and political ideals, this article highlights both the significance of mental health nursing in meeting population needs and the regulatory barriers that may be impeding its ability to adequately do so. Specifically, we consider how ambiguous notions of ‘proficiency’ in nurse education—prescribed by the regulator—impact the development of future mental health nurses and their mental health nursing identity. A key tension in mental health practice is the ethical‐legal challenges posed by sanctioned powers to restrict patients' freedom at the same time as the desire (and obligation) to promote patients' self‐determined recovery. The genericism of the UK's Future Nurse Standards do little to prepare mental health nurses to navigate the tensions that ensue. This has consequences for nurses and patients alike, as both risk experiencing the distress and dissonance that attends giving or receiving poor care. We argue that more needs to be done to enable mental health nurses to define and articulate the nuances of the profession as part of becoming critical, thoughtful and confident practitioners. Educators can contribute to this mission by aligning curriculum, pedagogy and assessment to create meaningful opportunities for mental health nursing students to engage with the complexities of mental health nursing practice. Without this, the credibility of the profession will continue to be questioned; its future uncertain.
Long‐term shift towards shady and nutrient‐rich habitats in Central European temperate forests
Authors: Vild Ondřej , Chudomelová Markéta , Macek Martin , Kopecký Martin , Prach Jindřich , Petřík Petr , Halas Petr , Juříček Michal , Smyčková Marie , Šebesta Jan , Vojík Martin , Hédl Radim 
Published: March 2024

Summary

Biodiversity world‐wide has been under increasing anthropogenic pressure in the past century. The long‐term response of biotic communities has been tackled primarily by focusing on species richness, community composition and functionality. Equally important are shifts between entire communities and habitat types, which remain an unexplored level of biodiversity change.

We have resurveyed > 2000 vegetation plots in temperate forests in central Europe to capture changes over an average of five decades. The plots were assigned to eight broad forest habitat types using an algorithmic classification system. We analysed transitions between the habitat types and interpreted the trend in terms of changes in environmental conditions.

We identified a directional shift along the combined gradients of canopy openness and soil nutrients. Nutrient‐poor open‐canopy forest habitats have declined strongly in favour of fertile closed‐canopy habitats. However, the shift was not uniform across the whole gradients.

We conclude that the shifts in habitat types represent a century‐long successional trend with significant consequences for forest biodiversity. Open forest habitats should be urgently targeted for plant diversity restoration through the implementation of active management. The approach presented here can be applied to other habitat types and at different spatio‐temporal scales.
Survival does not differ by annual center transplant volume—A Pediatric Heart Transplant Society Registry study
Authors: Ybarra A. Marion , Kamsheh Alicia M. , O'Connor Matthew J. , Hollander Seth A. , Bano Maria , Ploutz Michelle , Vaughn Gabrielle , Lambert Andrea , Wallendorf Michael , Kirklin James , Canter Charles E. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundThere are conflicting data regarding the relationship between center volume and outcomes in pediatric heart transplantation. Previous studies have not fully accounted for differences in case mix, particularly in high‐risk congenital heart disease (CHD) groups. We aimed to evaluate the relationship between center volume and outcomes using the Pediatric Heart Transplant Society (PHTS) Registry and explore how case mix may affect outcomes.MethodsA retrospective cohort study of all pediatric patients in the PHTS Registry who received a heart transplant from 2009 to 2018 was performed. Centers were divided into 5 groups based on average yearly transplant volume. The primary outcome was time to death or graft loss and outcomes were compared using Kaplan–Meier analysis.ResultsThere were 4583 cases among 55 centers included. There was no difference in time to death or graft loss by center volume in the entire cohort (p = .75), in patients with CHD (p = .79) or in patients with cardiomyopathy (p = .23). There was also no difference in time to death or graft loss by center size in patients undergoing transplant after Norwood, Glenn or Fontan (log rank p = .17, p = .31, and p = .10 respectively). There was a statistically significant difference in outcomes by center size in the positive crossmatch group (p < .0001), though no discernible pattern related to high or low center volume.ConclusionsOutcomes are similar among transplant centers of all sizes, including for high‐risk patient groups with CHD. Future work is needed to understand how patient‐specific risk factors may vary among centers of various sizes and whether this influences patient outcomes.
Liver transplant for primary biliary tract neuroendocrine tumor in a nine‐year‐old girl
Authors: Rai Anjali , Sproule Lauren , Larman Tatianna , Oshima Kiyoko , Rhee Daniel , Ng Kenneth , King Elizabeth , Mogul Douglas , Lemberg Kathryn 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundNeuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are rare epithelial neoplasms that arise most commonly from the gastrointestinal tract. In pediatrics, the most common site of origin is in the appendix, with the liver being the most common site of metastasis. Neuroendocrine tumors arising from the biliary tract are extremely rare.MethodsWe describe a case of a nine‐year‐old girl who presented with obstructive cholestasis and was found to have multiple liver masses identified on biopsy as well‐differentiated neuroendocrine tumor with an unknown primary tumor site.ResultThe patient underwent extensive investigation to identify a primary tumor site, including endoscopy, endoscopic ultrasound, and capsule endoscopy. The patient ultimately underwent definitive management with liver transplant, and on explant was discovered to have multiple well‐differentiated neuroendocrine tumors, WHO Grade 1, with extensive infiltration into the submucosa of bile duct, consistent with primary biliary tract neuroendocrine tumor.ConclusionIdentifying the site of the primary tumor in NETs found within the liver can be challenging. To determine if an extrahepatic primary tumor exists, workup should include endoscopy, EUS, and capsule endoscopy. Children with well‐differentiated hepatic NETs, with no identifiable primary tumor, and an unresectable tumor, are considered favorable candidates for liver transplantation.