bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Towards the semantic extraction of digital signatures for librarian image‐identification purposes
Authors: Poulos Marios , Bokos George , Vaioulis Fotios 
Published: February 2008

AbstractIn study we attempt to solve the problem of determining how authentic published images on the Internet are, and to what degree they may be identified by comparison to the original image. The technique proposed aims to serve the new requirements of libraries. One of these is the development of computational tools for the control and preservation of intellectual property such as digital objects, and especially of digital images. For this purpose, this article proposes the use of a serial number extracted using a previously tested semantic‐properties method. This method, based on the multilayers of a set of arithmetic points, assures the following two properties: the uniqueness of the final extracted number, and the semantic dependence of this number on the image used as the method's input. The major advantage of this method is that it can serve as the authentication for a published image or detect partial modifications to a reliable degree. Also, it requires the better of the known hash functions that the digital‐signature schemes use, and produces alphanumeric strings for checking authenticity and the degree of similarity between an unknown image and an original image. As an example of a possible application, this article suggests that this method could be incorporated into the well‐known DOI system in order to provide a reliable tool for identification and comparison of digital images.
Functional analysis skills training for residential caregivers
Authors: Phillips Katrina J. , Mudford Oliver C. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractFunctional analysis is the most effective assessment for identifying the maintaining contingencies of aberrant behavior. However, it is suggested that functional analyses are not conducted regularly due to the level of skill required. A multiple baseline design across participants was used to assess if four residential caregivers, with limited experience with applied behavior analysis, could be trained to implement the standard analog functional analysis conditions. The training consisted of a lecture, written information, modeling, rehearsal, and feedback. Results showed that all participants attained percentage correct responding scores above 95% on three consecutive trials following training. One caregiver showed positive generalization of skills to the assessment of another behavioral topography. The result of this study provides further evidence that lay individuals can be trained to assist in conducting functional analyses. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The study of the lipophilicity of α‐(4‐phenylpiperazin‐1‐yl)‐γ‐phthalimidobutyramides using chromatographic and computational methods
Authors: Malawska Barbara , Kulig Katarzyna , Bucki Adam , Zbek Pawel , Wieckowska Anna 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe lipophilicity of the series of α‐(4‐phenylpiperazin‐1‐yl)‐γ‐phthalimido‐butyramides (1–8) has been investigated. Several methods, like reversed‐phase thin‐layer chromatography and high‐performance liquid chromatography using reversed‐phase RP18 and IAM.DD2 columns, were applied to determine RMO, log k0 and log k0IAM factors. The RP‐TLC investigations were performed in mixtures of acetone–water and acetonitrile–water. For RP‐HPLC method mixtures of acetonitrile, water and 0.01% TFA were used as the mobile phases while for IAM.DD2 investigations mixtures of acetonitrile and water were applied. The partition coefficients of compounds (1–8) were also calculated with the Pallas and CAChe programs. All the obtained data, both from experimental methods and computational calculations, were compared and a suitable conclusion was reached. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ein Radio aus einem einzigen Nanoröhrchen
Authors: Welter Kira 
Published: February 2008

AbstractEnde des 19. Jahrhunderts wurde die Radiotechnik entwickelt – eine Technik, die unsere Zivilisation stark beeinflusst hat. Die 30er Jahre gelten als “goldenes Zeitalter” des Radios, denn der Hörfunk war damals das Informations‐ und Unterhaltungsmedium schlechthin. Doch die ersten Radioapparate waren riesig und nahmen viel Platz weg. Heute ist es möglich, einen Radioempfänger auf engstem Raum zu platzieren. Die Ein‐Chip‐Radios sind die Basis für moderne Mobiltelefone, drahtlose Computernetze oder GPS‐Geräte (global‐positioning system). Die neueste Entwicklung ist aber das “Nanotube‐Radio”, das auf einem einzigen Kohlenstoff‐Nanoröhrchen (CNT=carbon nanotube) basiert und etwa 19 Größenordnungen – also zehn Trillionen Mal – kleiner ist als ein typisches Gerät aus den 30er Jahren.
Synthesis of Angularly Fused Carbocycles via Tandem Radical Cyclization of α‐Carbonyl Radicals
Authors: Prakash Chandran , Mohanakrishnan Arasambattu K. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractAn α‐carbonyl radical cyclization approach towards the synthesis of angularly fused tricyclic systems is described. On reduction with tributyltin hydride, bromo ketones yield a α‐carbonyl radical that undergoes successive 5‐exo‐dig/trig cyclizations, resulting in two or four contiguous stereocenters. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
An efficient approach to texture‐based image retrieval
Authors: Hejazi Mahmoud R. , Ho Yo‐Sung 
Published: February 2008

AbstractIn this article, we present an efficient approach for image retrieval based on the textural information of an image, such as orientation, directionality, and regularity. For this purpose, we apply the nonlinear modified discrete Radon transform to estimate these visual contents. We then utilize texture orientation to construct the rotated Gabor transform for extraction of the rotation‐invariant texture feature. The rotation‐invariant texture feature, directionality, and regularity are the main features used in the proposed approach for similarity assessment. Experimental results on a large number of texture and aerial images from standard databases show that the proposed schemes for feature extraction and image retrieval significantly outperform previous works, including methods based on the MPEG‐7 texture descriptors. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 17, 295–302, 2007
Endothelial cells derived from circulating progenitors as an effective source to functional endothelialization of NaOH‐treated poly(ε‐caprolactone) films
Authors: Serrano M. Concepcion , Pagani Raffaella , Ameer Guillermo A. , Vallet‐Regí Maria , Portolés M. Teresa 
Published: February 2008

AbstractBiomaterials have been widely used to prepare synthetic vascular grafts over the past thirty years, but the inherent thrombogenicity of their surface can lead to graft failure. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) are circulating premature cells able to differentiate in either myocardial or endothelial cells (EC). The therapeutic potential of these cells and its easy obtaining technique are important reasons why these cells could be used to improve the performance of vascular grafts. In this study, two different stages of differentiation of EC derived from EPC (EC1and EC2) were characterized and cultured on poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) films treated with NaOH(PCL‐NaOH). We investigated by immunolabeling the expression of CD31, von Willebrand factor (vWF), and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in these cells during the differentiation process. The proliferation, cell cycle, and mitochondrial function of EC2cultured on PCL‐NaOH were evaluated at different times. The effect of this biomaterial on the nitric oxide (NO) content was also measured. The mature EC obtained from circulating progenitor cells (EC2) showed an appropriate growth and functionality on NaOH‐treated films. They conserved their capacity to define vessel‐like structures in culture and increased their basal NO production. These results underline the potential usefulness of these EC2to get a functional endothelialization of polymers with applications in vascular tissue engineering. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 2008
Spray‐dried lipid‐hyaluronan‐polymethacrylate microparticles for drug delivery in the peritoneum
Authors: Domnina Yuliya A. , Yeo Yoon , Tse Julie Y. , Bellas Evangelia , Kohane Daniel S. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractApplication of controlled release technology to the peritoneum would allow for sustained drug levels. However, some polymeric systems either create adhesions, or rapidly exit the peritoneum; neither result is desirable. Here we have produced particles based on sphyngomyelin, a phospholipid that occurs naturally in the peritoneum, along with hyaluronic acid and the polymethacrylate Eudragit E100 (to modulate drug release). Particles with a low proportion of E100 (5% (w/w); “high SPM”) release albumin rapidly over 2 days, then more slowly; increasing the E100 to 20% (w/w; high “E100”) slowed drug release markedly. When injected in the murine peritoneum, high SPM particles were disseminated as free particles, without forming collections. There was a mild inflammatory response but no formation of adhesions. High E100 particles formed collections in all animals, with an intense inflammatory response. Even so, there were very few adhesions. These results suggest that microparticulate formulations can be produced that have acceptable drug‐releasing properties and are suitable for use in the peritoneum from the standpoint of biocompatibility. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 2008
Effect of scaffold architecture and pore size on smooth muscle cell growth
Authors: Lee Min , Wu Benjamin M. , Dunn James C. Y. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractTissue engineering has the potential to replace damaged tissues and organs. Diffusion limitation of cell growth in three‐dimensional (3D) scaffolds is a significant constraint in most tissue engineering applications. This study describes a scaffold architecture that improves mass transfer. Scaffolds with three different geometries of villi architecture (0.5, 1, 0.5; 0.5, 1, 1; 1, 1, 1 mm; villus diameter, height, intervillus spacing, respectively) were fabricated by indirect 3D printing technique. The ability of these scaffolds to support smooth muscle cell growth was investigated in vitro. Smooth muscle cells attached to the scaffolds uniformly after 1 day of culture, and the cell density in the scaffold with small villi feature (0.5 mm) was significantly higher as compared to that for the scaffold with large villi features (1 mm) after 14 days of culture. To evaluate the effect of scaffold pore size on cell growth, scaffolds with three different pore size ranges (50–100, 100–150, and 150–200 μm) were fabricated by the solvent casting and particulate leaching technique. Scaffold pore size did not significantly affect cell growth after 14 days of culture. Optimization in the architectural design of scaffolds provides an alternative method to improve diffusion limitation in the 3D constructs. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 2008
Granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor administration alters femoral biomechanical properties in C57BL/6 mice
Authors: Wu Yii‐Der , Chien Chi‐Hui , Chao Yuh J. , Hamrick Mark W. , Hill William D. , Yu Jack C. , Li Xiaodong 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe clinical application of G‐CSF is broadening. In addition to treating neutropenia and in bone marrow transplants, it is now being considered for functional recovery after myocardial infarction and stroke. It is thus very important that the effects of extended G‐CSF administration on the skeleton are investigated. To simulate this potential clinical use of G‐CSF in postmyocardial infarction or cerebral vascular accident, a 2‐week course of administration was selected. Ten C57BL/6 mice at 22 weeks of age were given intraperitoneal injection of saline, and another nine of the same age were given G‐CSF. Four weeks later, femurs were harvested and three‐point‐bend tests were performed until fracture. From the load‐displacement curve recorded during the test, the stiffness, Young's modulus, fracture strength of the bone, fracture energy, and the total energy to break the femur were determined. The test data show that mice treated with G‐CSF have significantly lower modulus in their femurs when compared to the controlled mice treated with saline. The stiffness demonstrates the largest decrease, by as much as 25%. As its clinical use increases, G‐CSF effects on the mechanical properties of the skeleton become increasingly more important because many of these diseases occur in older patients with already compromised skeleton by osteopenia or osteoporosis. How G‐CSF administration achieves these alterations in skeletal biomechanical properties is unclear. Although the current findings confirm its known temporary catabolic effects on bone homeostasis, it also suggests that a transient state of higher bone compliance following the end of G‐CSF administration can be achieved that may have clinical benefits. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 2008
The in situ synthesis of biphasic calcium phosphate scaffolds with controllable compositions, structures, and adjustable properties
Authors: Guo Dagang , Xu Kewei , Han Yong 
Published: February 2008

AbstractIn this study, biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) porous scaffolds with controllable phase compositions, controllable macropore percentages, and thus adjustable properties were in situ prepared by sintering a series of composites consisted of calcium phosphate cement (CPC) and porous resin negative mold made from rapid prototyping (RP) technique. The CPC pastes were formed by mixing a powder mixture of tetracalcium phosphate and anhydrous dicalcium phosphate with liquid phase of diluted phosphate acid solution. Results show that the phase composition was easily adjustable by controlling both weight ratio of the powder mixture to the liquid phase (P/L) and concentration of the liquid phase. The macropore structure of the BCP scaffold can be regulated by using different RP negative molds. Through in vitro compressive strength (CS) and immersion tests, it was demonstrated that both macropore percentage and phase composition played important roles in the CS and also the dissolving rates of the scaffolds. As the macropore percentage of the scaffold increased, its CS decreased but the dissolving rate increased; also, as the weight ratio of hydroxyapatite to tricalcium (HA/TCP) in the scaffold increased, the CS first increased and then decreased but the dissolving rate uniformly decreased. The CS values of the BCP scaffolds with a HA/TCP weight ratio of 59:41 were 5.84 ± 1.16 MPa for a total porosity of ∼67.67% containing a macropore percentage of 30%, and 3.34 ± 0.79 MPa for a total porosity of ∼70.90% containing a macropore percentage of 50%, respectively, comparable to the corresponding levels of human cancellous bone (2–12 MPa). © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2009
Clinical hospital medicine fellowships: Perspectives of employers, hospitalists, and medicine residents
Authors: Goodman Philip H. , Januska Andrius 
Published: February 2008

AbstractBACKGROUNDClinical hospital medicine fellowships could accelerate the acquisition of increasingly demanding skills while enhancing esteem among subspecialty peers. We sought to determine whether medicine residents perceived such fellowships as relevant and would be willing to forgo substantial income during the training period, in the context of the perspectives of employers and practicing hospitalists.DESIGNA series of 3 tandem nationwide cross‐sectional surveys conducted over the Internet during late 2005 and early 2006.METHODSSurvey I was sent to 195 hospitalist employers identified through filtering classified advertisements. Survey II (containing Survey I results) was E‐mailed by the Society of Hospital Medicine to its practicing hospitalists members. Survey III (containing results of the first 2 surveys) was E‐mailed to U.S. internal medicine program directors for forwarding to their residents.RESULTSTwo‐thirds of 103 employers would offer either a signing bonus or a starting salary increase of at least $10,000 to fellowship graduates (more than 20% would pay at least $20,000 more in the salary). Based on a median experience of 8 years, 91% of 101 practicing hospitalists beleived that clinical fellowship could at least possibly be a favorable career move, with 58% recommending it as being a probably or strongly favorable career move. Of 279 categorical medicine residents, 44% were considering a hospital medicine career, of whom 57% would consider doing a year of clinical fellowship training if available.CONCLUSIONSThis study reveals a potentially unmet demand for clinical hospital medicine fellowship training. Further determination of need and related curricular development could be addressed under the leadership of national hospital medicine educational organizations. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2008;3:28–34. © 2008 Society of Hospital Medicine.
Peculiarities of friction in auxetic composites
Authors: Shilko S. V. , Petrokovets E. M. , Pleskachevsky Yu. M. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe adaptive mode of friction has been studied in the form of a self‐locking effect at contact deformation of isotropic and anisotropic auxetic materials featuring a negative Poisson's ratio. The effect infers that the bearing capacity of the joint raises with increasing shearing load. The stress state parameters were determined for normal indentation and compression with shear contact interaction. The contact interactions were analyzed by the finite element method for various contact profiles. Poisson's ratio was varied within the theoretically acceptable for the isotropic elastic medium values. The analogous calculations were performed for a joint with a deformed element made of anisotropic auxetic composite whose reinforcement angle was varied as a factor of elastic constants. The nonlinear dependencies of the maximum pressure, tangential stress and slippage were obtained as a function of Poisson's ratio (in the isotropic case) and reinforcement angle of the composite material. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
XPS study of Fe(II)Fe(III) (oxy)hydroxycarbonate green rust compounds
Authors: Mullet Martine , Khare Varsha , Ruby Christian 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe oxidation behaviour of Fe(II)Fe(III) hydroxysalt green rust (GR) compounds was investigated using XPS. Stoichiometric GR(CO32−), i.e. Fe(II)4Fe(III)2(OH)12CO33H2O was prepared by co‐precipitating Fe(II) and Fe(III) ions in carbonate‐containing solution under an inert atmosphere. Fast oxidation of stoichiometric GR(CO32−) by hydrogen peroxide in aqueous medium resulted in GR(CO32−)* of various composition, i.e. Fe(II)6(1−x)Fe(III)6xO12H2(7−3x)CO3 with 1/3 ≤ x ≤1, where x is the Fe(III) molar fraction [Fe(III)]/[Fe(total)] of positively charged hydroxide sheets. The Fe(2p3/2) spectra of GRs of various composition were well fitted using Gupta and Sen multiplet peaks and additional broad satellite and surface features. The oxidation of Fe(II) in the GR structure is accompanied by deprotonation of hydroxyl groups as evidenced by the O(1s) spectra. The deprotonation of the hydroxyl groups compensated for the presence of excess positive charge that resulted from the oxidation of Fe(II) in the GR structure. In addition, the fully ferric GR(CO32−)* at x = 1 was coated on a sand substrate and the quality of the GR coating was investigated by XPS imaging. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A generalized log‐rank test for interval‐censored failure time data via multiple imputation
Authors: Huang Jinlong , Lee Chinsan , Yu Qiqing 
Published: February 2008

AbstractInterval‐censored (IC) failure time data often occur in follow‐up studies where subjects can only be followed periodically and the failure time can only be known to lie in an interval. In this paper we propose a modified log‐rank test for the problem of comparing two or more IC samples. Our log‐rank statistic and covariance matrix are calculated by a multiple imputation technique. Through simulation studies, we find that the performance of the proposed test is comparable to that of the test proposed by Finkelstein (Biometrics1986;42(4):845–854) and is better than that of the two existing log‐rank type tests proposed by Sun (Lifetime Data Anal. 2001;7:363–375) and Zhao and Sun (Stat. Med. 2004;23(10):1621–1629) due to the differences in the method of multiple imputation and the covariance matrix estimation. Our covariance matrix estimator is similar to the estimator used by Follmannet al. (Biometrics2003;59:420–429) for clustered data. The proposed method is illustrated by means of an example involving patients with breast cancer. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effect of duloxetine on urethral sphincter morphology
Authors: Duckett J. , Patil A. , Aggarwal I. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractObjectivesThis was a pilot study to identify whether a course of duloxetine had any effect on urethral sphincter morphology.MethodsFifteen women with urodynamic stress incontinence were treated with duloxetine. The pretreatment condition of the bladder was assessed with the Patient Global Impression of Severity scale. A transperineal ultrasound scan was performed before therapy and again after 4–8 weeks of treatment. The urethral length and the width of the hypoechogenic core (longitudinal smooth muscle, vascular plexus and urothelium) were assessed.ResultsBaseline incontinence symptoms were moderate or severe in 87% of women and an improvement following treatment was reported in 80% of women. Poor views were obtained of the striated muscle. There was a statistically significant increase in the mean width of the hypoechogenic core of the urethra from 5.0 mm to 6.3 mm (P < 0.01). There was no statistically significant change in the length of the urethra (mean 29.4 mm before and 28.0 mm after treatment).ConclusionsDuloxetine appears to result in an alteration of the smooth muscle component of the urethral sphincter. Copyright © 2008 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.