bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fetal gender screening by ultrasound at 11 to 13+6 weeks
Authors: HSIAO C.H. , WANG H.C. , HSIEH C.F. , HSU J.J. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractBackground. To survey the accuracy of fetal gender determination during first trimester screening and scan for congenital anomalies. Methods. A prospective observational study was performed on 496 singleton pregnancies at the first trimester ultrasound screening. The doctor was a certified sonographer of first trimester screening by the Fetal Medicine Foundation (FMF). Ultrasound examination was performed on a GE Voluson 730 Pro, transabdominally, between 11 and 13+6 weeks. Both transverse and mid‐sagittal planes of a section of the fetal genital tubercle were performed to identify the gender. The subsequent gender at birth was obtained from karyotyping reports or hospital birth records. Results. During the study, 496 patients requested gender information at the time of first trimester screening. Of the patients it was possible to determine gender (441 out of 496), the scan achieved an overall success rate of 91.8% in correctly identifying gender. The success rate for correctly identifying fetal gender (where identification was possible) increased with gestational age, from 71.9% at 11 weeks, 92% at 12 weeks, and 98.3% at 13 weeks, respectively, where gestational age was calculated from the crown‐rump length in conjunction with menstrual or ovulation dating (p<0.001). Of the 55 cases where no identification of gender was possible, 39 were in the 11‐week gestational age group, representing 40.6% of this category. The overall fetal gender accuracy rate for male fetus was slightly better than female (92.5 versus 91.2%), but was not statistically significant. Conclusions. This study demonstrated that the gestational age of the fetus has a material effect on the accuracy rate of gender determination. At 12 weeks and over, the average success rate for correctly identifying gender, where gender identification was possible, was 94.8%, with the accuracy at 13 weeks of 98.3% approaching that achieved by invasive testing. Fetal gender identification at 11 weeks (where crown‐rump length is <57 mm) is difficult and liable to high rates of inaccuracy when a determination is made.
Male factor infertility, low fertilisation rate following ICSI and low number of high‐quality embryos are associated with high order recurrent implantation failure in young IVF patientsa
Authors: FARHI JACOB , FARHI JACOB , BEN‐HAROUSH AVI , DRESLER HADAS , PINKAS HAIM , SAPIR ONIT , FISCH BENJAMIN 
Published: December 2007

AbstractBackground. The aim of this study was to characterise the clinical and laboratory parameters in young in vitro fertilisation (IVF) patients with high order recurrent implantation failure (RIF). Methods: The first 3 cycles (n = 141 cycles) of 47 consecutive (age <35 years) couples with RIF (≥6 IVF cycles) were compared with 252 consecutive cycles of 152 couples, treated during the same period, who conceived within the first 3 IVF cycles. Results. The incidence of male factor infertility or of combined male and female factors was significantly higher in the study group than the control group (male factor: 78.7 versus 42.5%, p = 0.002, OR =3.2 (95% CI: 1.5–6.8)). Lower fertilisation rates were noted for the intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI)‐treated oocytes of the study group compared with the control group. The availability of high quality embryos for transfer was significantly lower in the RIF group. On multivariate logistic regression analysis, the significantly different variables between the groups were cause of infertility (male factor or combined male and female factors) (p = 0.03), fertilisation rate (p = 0.038), and semen concentration (p = 0.05). Conclusions. Young IVF patients with high order RIF are characterised by male factor infertility, lower fertilisation rate with ICSI, and fewer high quality embryos available for transfer.
What is the recurrence rate of postmenopausal bleeding in women who have a thin endometrium during a first episode of postmenopausal bleeding?
Authors: VAN DOORN H.C. , TIMMERMANS A. , OPMEER B.C. , KRUITWAGEN R.F.M.P. , DIJKHUIZEN F.P.H.L.J. , KOOI G.S. , VAN DE WEIJER P.H.M. , MOL B.W.J. ,   FOR DUPOMEB (DUTCH STUDY IN POSTMENOPAUSAL BLEEDING)
Published: December 2007

AbstractObjective. To determine the incidence and significance of recurrent postmenopausal bleeding among women diagnosed with an endometrial thickness ≤4 mm after a first episode of postmenopausal bleeding. Methods. Consecutive patients not using hormone replacement therapy (HRT) presenting with a first episode of postmenopausal bleeding and an endometrial thickness ≤4 mm at transvaginal ultrasonography (TVU) were managed expectantly. In case of recurrent bleeding, the patient was evaluated according to the hospital's local policy with TVU, office endometrial sampling, hysteroscopy or dilatation and curettage (D&C) or a combination of these tests. We evaluated the incidence of recurrent bleeding, potential risk factors for recurrent bleeding, and the diagnosis made after recurrent bleeding. Results. A total of 607 patients were registered with a first episode of postmenopausal bleeding, of whom 249 had an endometrial thickness ≤4 mm. Follow‐up took place with a median of 174 weeks (range: 4–250 weeks). During follow‐up, 25 of the 249 patients (10%; 95% CI: 6.6–14%) had recurrent bleeding. Median time until recurrence of bleeding was 49 weeks (range: 9–186 weeks). Two patients with recurrent bleeding turned out to have an endometrial carcinoma (8%; 95% CI: 2.2–25%), and 1 patient had a malignant melanoma. Time since menopause, age, body mass index, hypertension, diabetes and anticoagulants were not predictive for recurrent bleeding. Conclusion. The recurrence rate after a first episode of postmenopausal bleeding managed expectantly is low and cannot be predicted by patient characteristics. Patients with recurrent bleeding should be re‐evaluated, as they bear a considerable risk of carcinoma.
Factors influencing pregnancy outcome in women with type 2 versus type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: GONZALEZ‐GONZALEZ NIEVES LUISA , RAMIREZ OCTAVIO , MOZAS JUAN , MELCHOR JUAN , ARMAS HONORIO , GARCIA‐HERNANDEZ JOSE ANGEL , CABALLERO AGUEDA , HERNANDEZ MARTA , DIAZ‐GOMEZ MARTA NIEVES , JIMENEZ ALEJANDRO , PARACHE JAVIER , BARTHA JOSE LUIS 
Published: December 2007

AbstractAim. To compare pregnancy outcome and factors related to adverse perinatal outcome in women with type 1 versus type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Material and methods. Multicentre retrospective study. Some 404 women were studied, 257 with type 1 DM and 147 with type 2 DM. Main outcome measures were rates of prematurity, macrosomia, instrumental deliveries, congenital malformations, need for neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), and perinatal mortality. Results. There were no significant differences in pregnancy outcome between women with type 1 and type 2 DM, except for an increased rate of instrumental deliveries in women with type 1 DM. In these women, duration of diabetes was a significant predictor of caesarean delivery (OR =1.06 (1.01–1.12); p = 0.02). Chronic hypertension was positively related to prematurity (p = 0.02), and proved to be a significant predictor of birth weight lower than 2,500 g (OR =3.54 (1.4–12.49); p = 0.043) and perinatal mortality (OR =10.6 (1.15–117.6); p = 0.04). In women with type 2 DM, third trimester higher glycosylated haemoglobin was related to both prematurity (OR 4.9 (1.7–14.4; p = 0.004) and low birth weight. Macrosomia was a significant risk factor for caesarean section. First trimester glycosylated haemoglobin was related to congenital malformations and proved to be a significant predictor of perinatal mortality (OR =2.4 (1.02–5.74); p = 0.04). Conclusions. Duration of DM and chronic hypertension were the most influential factors related to adverse perinatal outcomes in women with type 1 DM, and poor metabolic control and macrosomia in women with type 2 DM.
Endometrial thermal balloon ablation has a beneficial long‐term effect on menorrhagia
Authors: AHONKALLIO SARI , MARTIKAINEN HANNU , SANTALA MARKKU 
Published: December 2007

AbstractBackground. More data on the long‐term results of thermal balloon endometrial ablation are needed. Methods. A retrospective observational study of 190 women who underwent endometrial thermal balloon ablation in the treatment of menorrhagia. The mean follow‐up period was 6 years. Results. Of the 172 women analysed after exclusion, 28 (16%) had a hysterectomy during follow‐up. Women with regular menstrual periods had the best outcome. Some 152 (89%) women filled in a questionnaire concerning their satisfaction with the procedure, and 76% were satisfied. Amenorrhoea was reported by 14% and eumenorrhoea by 54% of the women who completed the questionnaire. Conclusion. Endometrial thermal balloon ablation has good long‐term efficacy and can be considered an applicable alternative in the treatment of menorrhagia, especially for women who have regular periods and are over 40 years of age.
Adverse pregnancy outcome in women with mild glucose intolerance: is there a clinically meaningful threshold value for glucose?
Authors: JENSEN DORTE M. , KORSHOLM LARS , OVESEN PER , BECK‐NIELSEN HENNING , MØLSTED‐PEDERSEN LARS , DAMM PETER 
Published: December 2007

AbstractBackground. The diagnostic criteria of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) have been based on the risk of future maternal diabetes rather than the short‐term risk of mother and infant. Our aim was to illustrate the relation between various adverse pregnancy outcomes and maternal glucose levels in women with mild glucose intolerance using a graphical approach. Methods. Observational study of 2,885 pregnant women examined with a 2‐h, 75‐g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) based on risk indicators. Only women with 2‐h capillary blood glucose <9.0 mmol/l were included, as women with 2‐h values ≥9.0 mmol/l were treated for GDM. Empirical frequencies of adverse outcomes were related to 2‐h values by linear and quadratic logistic models. Adjustments for well‐known confounders were performed by a multiple logistic model. Results. Linear trends were demonstrated for the outcomes: shoulder dystocia, caesarean section rate (univariate analysis only), spontaneous preterm delivery, and macrosomia (large‐for‐gestational age infants). None of the outcomes deviated significantly from linearity. No significant trend was found for hypertension or neonatal hypoglycaemia and jaundice. Conclusions. A gradually increasing risk for a number of adverse pregnancy outcomes was found with increasing glucose levels. No obvious threshold value for GDM was demonstrated for 2‐h values up to 9.0 mmol/l.
Perforating Veins in Recurrent Esophageal Varices after Endoscopic Therapy Visualized by Endoscopic Color Doppler Ultrasonography
Authors: SATO Takahiro , YAMAZAKI Katsu , TOYOTA Jouji , KARINO Yoshiyasu , OHMURA Takumi , SUGA Toshihiro 
Published: December 2007

Abstract:This study was designed to evaluate the detection rate and the direction of blood flow of perforating veins using endoscopic color Doppler ultrasonography (EC‐DUS) in cases of recurrent esophageal varices after endoscopic therapy with complete eradication. Perforating veins were defined as vessels communicating between esophageal varices and paraesophageal veins. The study involved thirty patients with recurrent esophageal varices who had been followed up for more than one year. Seven of them had high risk intramucosal venous dilatation (IMVD) of the esophagus, and 23 had F1 (small straight varices) red color (RC) positive varices. Color flow images of perforating veins were obtained in 18 patients (60.0%). The perforating veins were classified into three types according to flow direction. Type 1 had inflow from paraesophageal veins to esophageal varices, Type 2 had outflow type from esophageal varices to paraesophageal veins, and Type 3 was mixed, showing both inflow and outflow. Of the 18 patients in whom color flow images were obtained, 15 (83.3%) cases were Type 1, none were Type 2, and three (16.7%) were Type 3. All the color flow images in the perforating veins were demonstrated as a continuous wave. In conclusion, perforating veins can be detected at a high rate by ECDUS in cases of recurrent esophageal varices after endoscopic therapy with complete eradication. (Dig Endosc 1999; 11: 236–240)
Can cause of death be predicted from the pre-necropsy information provided in coroners’ cases?
Authors: Biggs M J P , Brown L J R , Rutty G N 
Published: December 2007

Aim:To determine whether the cause of death can be accurately predicted from the pre-necropsy information available in coroners’ cases, before carrying out a postmortem examination.Methods:In this prospective study pathologists read the clinical summary provided by the Coroner’s Office and formulated a predicted cause of death. An external examination was then conducted and any relevant information recorded, together with any changes to the original predicted cause of death. They then carried out a complete necropsy before recording a final cause of death, which was subsequently compared with their prediction.Results:A total of 95 necropsies were included in the study. The cause of death was deemed to have been correctly predicted from the history in 62 cases (65.3%). In 33 cases (34.7%) an unexpected cause of death was found. Findings from the external examination were noteworthy in only 8 cases (8.4%), and did not alter the cause of death in any case.Conclusions:In certain circumstances an accurate cause of death may be given with confidence without the apparent need for necropsy. However, many common causes of death can present with similar or misleading scenarios. This study indicates that performing necropsies, despite seemingly predictable circumstances, is advisable if an accurate cause of death is to be recorded.
Estimating reduction in occupational disease burden following reduction in exposure
Authors: Armstrong B G , Darnton A 
Published: December 2007

Background/objective:Many occupational exposures causing disease cannot feasibly be eliminated entirely, but policies that reduce the exposures may be under consideration. This paper sets out to clarify how to estimate the reduction in occupational disease following a reduction in exposure, and shows a real-data illustration for doing this.Methods:Modest extensions of standard expressions for attributable fractions permit estimation of fractions by which cases would be reduced by policies that do not eliminate exposure but change exposure distributions. However, this requires information on the exposure-response relation and on distribution of exposures.Results:From hypothetical scenarios and a real example this paper explores how attributable cases are distributed by exposure level and, in particular, the proportion by which attributable cancers are reduced by eliminating exposures above a limit (the classic occupational limit regulation). It shows how this depends on the shape of the exposure-response relation and to some extent the shape of the exposure distribution, as well as on the proportion exposed above the limit. For linear no-threshold relations and left-skewed exposure distributions, the majority of the burden may be in a large number of people experiencing small relative risks, and thus may not be tackled by a strategy to reduce exposures above a certain limit.Conclusion:With appropriate data, estimating the disease burden in terms of the distribution of exposure is straightforward and can help to clarify the likely outcome of an intervention.
The geochemistry of young volcanism throughout western Panama and southeastern Costa Rica: an overview
Authors: DEFANT M. J. , JACKSON T. E. , DRUMMOND M. S. , DE BOER J. Z. , BELLON H. , FEIGENSON M. D. , MAURY R. C. , STEWART R. H. 
Published: December 2007

Oblique aseismic subduction below western Panama and southeastern Costa Rica has produced Recent arc-related volcanism. The aseismicity is probably related to the subduction of relatively hot oceanic lithosphere. The volcanism throughout this region over the past 2 Ma has been quite distinct, consisting of felsic magmas (andesites to rhyolites but mainly dacites) with geochemical signatures suggesting a metamorphosed basaltic source. It is believed that the subduction of young oceanic crust sets up conditions under which the slab melts rather than the overlying mantle wedge. Rocks with slab-melt geochemistries and associated with young subducted crust have been termed adakites elsewhere. The young adakite melts are sometimes associated with a few rare young high-Nb basalts, but there is no obvious genetic link between them through differentiation. High-Nb basalts may also be derived from the partial melting of the subducted oceanic crust. High-Nb basalt migmatites have been found with pegmatites of adakite compositions in the exposed subduction terrain of the Catalina Schist, California. Alternatively, the high-Nb basalts may be partial melts of phlogopite-rich mantle that has previously reacted with adakite magmas.
Eruption of adakites and high-Nb basalts was preceded by a 2-3 Ma period of relative quiescence. Prior to this, there was a 7 Ma period of calc-alkaline volcanism typical of the present-day magmatism (associated with a distinct Benioff zone) found throughout the Central American arc. The abrupt transition in volcanism with time from an early calc-alkaline sequence to a later adakite-high-Nb basalt sequence may record a change in the tectonic setting of western Panama and southeastern Costa Rica over the past 12 Ma.
Geochemical evidence for the position of the Caples–Torlesse boundary in the Otago Schist, New Zealand
Authors: MORTIMER N. , ROSER B. P. 
Published: December 2007

Comparison of the whole rock geochemical compositions of 142 samples of Otago Schist with greywackes and argillites from the Caples and Torlesse terranes confirms the essentially isochemical nature of Otago Schist metamorphism and permits correlation of individual schist samples to each terrane. These correlations, along with lithological, structural and petrographical information, have been used to establish a preliminary position for the long-sought-after Caples-Torlesse terrane boundary in the Otago Schist.
The boundary has been involved in Late Mesozoic and Cenozoic deformation, follows a sinuous course near the schist axis for some 350 km between Dunedin and the Barrier Range and divides the Aspiring lithologic association into Caples and Torlesse parts. A number of pods of ultramafic schist are exposed in the vicinity of the terrane boundary. The methods used in this paper may have application to the location of terrane boundaries in major schist belts elsewhere.
Mesozoic radiolarian faunas from the Antarctic Peninsula: age, tectonic and palaeoceanographic significance
Authors: HOLDSWORTH B. K. , NELL P. A. R. 
Published: December 2007

New assemblages of Radiolaria, including some of the few occurrences of high southern latitude Jurassic and Cretaceous radiolarian faunas, show that several localities in the LeMay Group of Alexander Island range in age from latest Jurassic–earliest Cretaceous to at least Albian. By demonstrating that sedimentation and deformation in the LeMay Group was diachronous, younging oceanwards to the northwest, these new age assessments support the model of the LeMay Group as an accretionary complex. The polarity of subduction beneath Alexander Island was not affected by arc collisions from at least the Lower Jurassic to the Oligocene, and such a long period of continuous accretion appears to be unusual. Deposition of the LeMay Group spans the Kimmeridgian to Albian sedimentation in the Fossil Bluff Group fore-arc basin, thus making the earlier concept of the LeMay Group as pre-Jurassic ‘basement’ untenable.
Allochthonous latest Jurassic–earliest Cretaceous radiolarian assemblages with some supposed Tethyan affinities are present in the LeMay Group. In contrast, an in situ latest Jurassic assemblage from the Nordenskjöld Formation of the back-arc basin and a further Jurassic assemblage from a probable trench-slope basin have characteristics believed diagnostic of high latitudes. The biogeographic affinities of radiolarians from cherts in the LeMay Group accretionary complex suggest that both these cherts, and associated basalts, are far-travelled slices of the Phoenix plate.
Rocks from the probable trench-slope basin, formerly assigned to the younger Fossil Bluff Group fore-arc basin sequence, now appear to be part of a new, previously unrecognized formation.
The Nadi Basin: Neogene strike-slip faulting and sedimentation in a fragmented arc, western Viti Levu, Fiji
Authors: HATHWAY B. 
Published: December 2007

The Nadi Basin in western Viti Levu is one of a number of sedimentary basins controlled by E–W to NE–SW faults that developed on the Fiji Platform in the Late Miocene.
The initial basin fill, belonging to the Upper Miocene Nadi Sedimentary Group, consists of mainly basement-derived breccias and sandstones, deposited at bathyal depths by sediment gravity flows on a basin floor dissected by braided E–W faults. The main source area lay to the south, across the actively down-faulting basin margin.
In the latest Miocene, a change in provenance took place as debris spread southward from a newly developed E–W chain of shoshonitic volcanoes (Koroimavua Volcanic Group) some 12 km north of the southern basin margin. Continued normal displacement along the southern margin allowed the deposition of a thick sequence of shoshonitic sandstones at bathyal depths on the downthrown side.
In the earliest Pliocene, the onset of basin inversion was marked by shallowing to neritic depths and the onlap of sandstones and shoshonitic conglomerates southward onto pre-Nadi Sedimentary Group basement. As inversion proceeded the basin fill was folded and southward-directed reverse displacement took place along the southern basin margin.
Evidence from the Nadi and other Late Miocene basins indicates that they developed as a result of broadly E–W-directed-sinistral strike-slip, probably related to a shearing collision of the Melanesian Border Plateau with the northern margin of the Fiji Platform during the breakup of the formerly continuous Outer Melanesian arc.
It is suggested that prior to the establishment of the Fiji fracture zone at 7-6 Ma, much of the left-lateral displacement currently taking place along that plate boundary was accommodated by strike-slip deformation within the Fiji Platform.
Correlating the Eocene Oligocene mammalian biochronological scale from SW Europe with the marine magnetic anomaly sequence
Authors: LÉVÊQUE F. 
Published: December 2007

Magnetostratigraphic studies have been undertaken on sedimentary continental formations from Western France and Spain which have yielded Palaeogene mammals. The results obtained provide new constraints on the chronological distribution of the mammalian reference levels. A magnetozone sequence associated with the reference levels is defined. The correlation of this sequence with the geomagnetic polarity time scale is proposed. This correlation links the late Mid-Eocene to Oligocene mammalian biochronological scale from Western Europe to other stratigraphic scales.
A numerical calibration of the Palaeogene polarity sequence is made, taking into account recent radiometric dating. The equations to convert the ages proposed by several authors are given.