bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modernisation and gender representation: the enterprise sector in Scotland
Authors: McTavish Duncan , Pyper Robert 
Published: April 2007

PurposeA key aspect of the government's modernisation programme is to promote greater gender balance and diversity across public sector institutions and services. This includes appointments to and membership of public funded bodies. This paper reports on initial research on gender representation on boards in the Scottish enterprise (SE) sector.Design/methodology/approachA survey of membership by gender of SE and local enterprise company (LEC) boards; questionnaire survey of board members (n=66 – 43 male, 23 female); elite interviews.FindingsGender imbalance skewed in favour of males to an even greater extent than the public appointments sector as a whole. Women were more likely to approach board membership through formal means than by personal contact. Men and women had different views about personal contribution made to boards. Women surveyed tended to serve on more boards than did men. There were major procedural differences and inconsistencies between LECs and between LECs and SE regarding board recruitment.Practical implicationsAppointments procedures could be altered to ensure consistency, transparency and increased “gaze” across the enterprise network. Ways should be found to increase the female recruitment pool to counter the over stretching currently observed among existing female board members.Originality/valueThis research highlights the challenges faced by modernisation in this sector with respect to improving gender balance in representational terms. The next stage of the research will focus on substantive representation in the enterprise sector.
Harnessing the power of consumer insight
Authors: Florin Dave , Callen Barry , Pratzel Mike , Kropp Jeane 
Published: April 2007

PurposeMarketing today requires gaining deeper understanding – beyond traditional insight‐gathering techniques –of the “whys,” “whens” and “hows” of human behavior. This article aims to explore how deep you must go, while revealing market‐savvy ways to make your product or brand better serve the needs of your target consumer.Design/methodology/approachThe article is based on Hiebing's more than 25 years of integrated brand development and marketing experience, which has helped hundreds of clients find, design and deliver powerful strategies and communications that have increased brands' impacts and profits.FindingsGaining true consumer understanding before developing strategies and crafting communications – or even the brand itself – is critical for success. The profusion of consumer options means marketers must delve deeper than ever before to truly understand the target's underlying motivation for purchase and usage of products.Originality/valueThis article challenges the belief that traditional market research alone is enough to succeed in today's world. It is equally important to understand the complexities of consumer motivation and decision making.
The internet and export marketing performance
Authors: Nhat Lu Vinh , Julian Craig C. 
Published: April 2007

PurposeThis study seeks to examine the empirical link in export market ventures of the relationship between the internet (when it is used for communication, networking, market research, sales, image enhancement, cost reduction and competitive advantage purposes) and export marketing performance.Design/methodology/approachData were gathered via a self‐administered mail survey of Australian exporters. The sample consisted of 133 Australian firms coming from a wide cross‐section of industries.FindingsThe findings indicate that, when the internet was used to achieve a competitive advantage for the firm and reduce the costs associated in doing international business, these uses of the internet were significant in discriminating between high and low export marketing performance. Furthermore, the international experience of the export venture's management was a significant factor in discriminating between high and low export marketing performance.Research limitations/implicationsFrom a methodological perspective, a potential concern may be that the measures are all self‐reported. Consequently, the relationships tested may be susceptible to the influence of common method variance. Evidence has been provided that, when the internet is used for cost reduction purposes and as a competitive weapon, this will have a positive impact on export marketing performance.Originality/valueA major contribution of this study is that it re‐validates measures for the different uses of the internet, namely, communication, networking, market research, sales, image enhancement, cost reduction and competitive advantage.
Rethinking internal communication: a stakeholder approach
Authors: Welch Mary , Jackson Paul R. 
Published: April 2007

PurposeEffective internal communication is crucial for successful organisations as it affects the ability of strategic managers to engage employees and achieve objectives. This paper aims to help organisations improve internal communication by proposing theory with the potential to improve practice.Design/methodology/approachThis paper identifies gaps in the academic literature and addresses calls for discussion and definition of internal communication, for theory on its mandates, scope and focus and to counteract the tendency to treat employees as a uni‐dimensional “single public”. To address these gaps, internal communication is defined and positioned within the corporate communication school of thought.FindingsThe paper proposes an Internal Communication Matrix which could be used to supplement other forms of internal situational analysis and as an analytical tool which may be applied to the strategic analysis, planning and evaluation of internal communication.Practical implicationsStrategic communication practitioners are offered a fresh perspective from which to consider internal communication. The Internal Communication Matrix proposed here could be used to supplement other forms of internal situational analysis and as an analytical tool which may be applied to the strategic analysis, planning and evaluation of internal communication. The internal corporate communication concept offers a lens through which communicators can consider communication strategy and tactics.Originality/valueThis paper's theoretical contribution is significant as it addresses gaps in the literature on internal communication. It does this by conceptualising a multidimensional stakeholder approach summarised in the Internal Communication Matrix. This approach is significant since it broadens previous approaches. The paper introduces the concept of internal corporate communication and argues that it should be a key focus for corporate communication theory and practice as it concerns all employees.
Information processing and new product success: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Pentina Iryna , Strutton David 
Published: April 2007

PurposeThis paper aims to analyze and quantitatively compare existing empirical findings on the role of organizational information‐processing and new product outcomes. The meta‐analytic technique is used to reconcile some of the current divergent thinking on the role of organizational learning in new product success.Design/methodology/approachThe method and procedure of the meta‐analysis are utilized to generalize existing empirical findings regarding the role of information processing in new product success by evaluating homogeneity of the obtained results, and measurement‐ and context‐related moderators of the relationship magnitude. It reports and discusses the results, and proposes theoretical and managerial implications of the findings.FindingsThe meta‐analysis of the relationship between organizational information processing and new product success supports an overall positive effect, and identifies measurement‐ and context‐related moderators influencing the magnitude of the relationship.Research limitations/implicationsThe analysis, done on the limited number of available effect sizes (77) due to the newness of the area, provides guidance to future researchers by clarifying operationalization and measurement of the main constructs, and suggesting the role of context variables for sampling purposes.Practical implicationsThe paper provides guidance to New Product Development (NPD) team leaders by emphasizing the need for integrating information‐related processes and idea management at various NPD stages, and stressing better effectiveness of information processing at the team level.Originality/valueThis first meta‐analysis in the area of information processing and new product outcomes confirms the importance of organizational learning in new product development and outlines important implications for future research and managerial practice.
Intellectual capital reporting between a developing and developed nation
Authors: Abeysekera Indra 
Published: April 2007

PurposeThis paper aims to examine the patterns of intellectual capital reporting (ICR) of large listed firms in a developing nation, Sri Lanka. The aim of this study is to highlight the differences in ICR practice between developing and developed nations.Design/methodology/approachThe paper begins by examining each of the top 30 firms by market capitalization listed on the Colombo stock exchange in 1998/1999 and 1999/2000. Using the content analysis method, it reviews the annual reports of these firms to determine the types of intellectual capital (IC) items reported in Sri Lanka. It then compares these findings with a similar study undertaken in Australia during the same period.FindingsThe findings in this paper highlight the need for a uniform ICR definition and a reporting framework that provides comparative and consistent reporting under the auspices of a regulatory body. ICR differences were identified between Sri Lankan and Australian firms, and it is argued that these differences can be attributed to economic, social and political factors.Practical implicationsThis paper highlights important policy issues for Australia, Sri Lanka and other nations. These issues are even more pertinent in the light of the gradual international adoption of the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs), formulated by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB).Originality/valueMost papers on intellectual capital reporting have focused on firms in developed countries. This paper offers insights into comparative reporting practices between a developed and a developing country.
Compliance with NICE guidance: concurrent use of different antipsychotic drugs
Authors: Ozbilen Mehmet , Cottrell David 
Published: April 2007

PurposeThis paper aims to present an audit assessed compliance with NICE guidance on the concurrent use of different antipsychotic drugs.Design/methodology/approachTwo explicit and evidence‐based standards were audited and a full audit cycle was completed.FindingsThe paper finds that although the number of people receiving only one regular antipsychotic increased over time, so did the number receiving more than one regular antipsychotic. Fewer people were receiving one regular antipsychotic and a different PRN antipsychotic in the re‐audit.Practical implicationsClearer guidance about the limits and reviewing of multiple antipsychotics would be welcome.Originality/value‐The paper suggests that dissemination, re‐audit and clear documentation are needed to maintain standards of clinical practice.
Natural hazards and climate change: stakeholder communication and decision‐making processes
Authors: Schmidt‐Thomé Philipp , Schmidt‐Thomé Kaisa 
Published: April 2007

PurposeHeadlines of increasing financial losses caused by natural hazards and the potential impact of climate change on these raise broad interest in risk management. This paper seeks to claim that the existing decision‐making support, for example through spatial planning, can easily integrate risk assessment schemes.Design/methodology/approachThe paper is based on the results of two EU funded research projects and further applications of those – as well as on conclusions drawn from presentations and discussions at the International Disaster Reduction Conference.FindingsDiscussion around risk governance highlights the role of integration. This discussion is still very much in need of further development and successful ways to implement integrative, participatory governance.Practical implicationsThe research results presented have been elaborated in close cooperation with stakeholders. One example is based on a commissioned EU task that analyzed the effectiveness of European Regional Fund projects in the case of environmental risks. The other one describes how a town council took a decision which was based on information drawn from a project focusing on climate change adaptation.Originality/valueThe paper describes two examples of successful implementation which make us ask if new approaches are actually required or whether current spatial planning and development practices might be sufficient, when properly applied and fine‐tuned, to respond towards natural hazards and climate change impacts.
Experimental Camelpox Infection in Vaccinated and Unvaccinated Dromedaries
Authors: Wernery U. , Zachariah R. 
Published: April 2007

Four dromedaries were infected with a virulent camelpox virus strain which was isolated from the lung of a Saudi Arabian camel. The camels which were infected intradermally and subcutaneously developed severe generalized camelpox. One of these camels had to be euthanized on humane grounds and the second one died 13 days after being infected. This dromedary also developed internal pox. Neither dromedary showed camelpox antibodies before infection.The other two camels which had been vaccinated with Ducapox 6 years prior to the viral challenge did not develop any clinical symptoms when given 5 ml of the field virus intravenously and intramuscularly. They seroconverted after the challenge. Although only two camels were used for this trial, the results indicate that a single dose of Ducapox can protect 1‐year‐old camels from camelpox infection for several years.
Accuracy of nurses' perceptions of voice hearing and psychiatric symptoms
Authors: England Margaret 
Published: April 2007

AbstractTitle. Accuracy of nurses' perceptions of voice hearing and psychiatric symptomsAim. This article reports a study of nurses’ assessments of a voice hearer's voices and psychiatric symptoms, and associations of these perceptions with nurses’ education, career experience and primary care role.Background. Traditional views in nursing suggest that to engage voice hearers in a discussion of their voices is to support the psychopathology of the voice hearers. Research into how voice hearers conceptualize voice hearing has generated a range of perspectives, raising concerns about whether nurses capture sufficient, accurate and specific assessment data about the experiences of voice hearers.Method. One hundred and fifteen psychiatric nurses rated items on an Inventory of Voice Experiences and the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale while viewing a videotaped assessment of a voice hearer with serious and persistent mental illness. The voice hearer in the videotape used the same instruments to rate his own voices and symptoms. This self‐assessment was undertaken 30 days before and immediately before production of the video‐recorded assessment. The data were collected between 2000 and 2002.Results. The voice hearer's ratings of his voice hearing experiences and psychiatric symptoms were consistent over a 30‐day period. Most nurse ratings of the voice hearer's voices and psychiatric symptoms did not match those of the voice hearer. However, the voice hearer and nurses demonstrated a moderately positive association between the voice hearer's voices and symptoms. Ratings of graduate‐educated case managers and clinical nurse specialists (n = 30) in clinical practice settings were more consistent with one another and corresponded more closely with the ratings of the voice hearer, particularly for the association between the voice hearer's voices and symptoms.Conclusion. Accurate and specific assessment of voice hearing may facilitate engagement with voice hearers and improve the selection of strategies to help them manage the voices that upset them.
Relationship of nurses’ spirituality to their understanding and practice of spiritual care
Authors: Chung Loretta Yuet Foon , Wong Frances Kam Yuet , Chan Moon Fai 
Published: April 2007

Abstract Title. Relationship of nurses’ spirituality to their understanding and practice of spiritual care Aim.  This paper reports a study to examine the relationship of nurses’ spirituality to their understanding and practice of spiritual care.Background.  Continued debate surrounds the concept, practice and teaching of spirituality, highlighting the complexity and importance of understanding spirituality and the delivery of spiritual care. Spirituality is defined in this study as the relationship with the self and a dimension beyond the self.Method.  A convenience sample of 61 nurses from a part‐time Bachelor of Science degree programme in nursing in Hong Kong, more than half of whom reported their religious affiliations, completed a newly developed, 27‐item five‐point Likert scale questionnaire. The data were collected in 2002. Descriptive statistics were calculated. Correlations were used to determine relationships among self, understanding and practices of spiritual care. The Mann–Whitney U and Kruskal–Wallis tests were used to examine differences between demographic variables and spirituality, understanding and practices of spiritual care. Multiple linear regression was used to determine factors contributing to understanding and practices of spiritual care.Findings.  A positive statistically significant correlation was found between self and the following three variables: dimension beyond self (r = 0·35, P < 0·001), understanding of spiritual care (r = 0·57, P < 0·001), and practice of spiritual care (r = 0·26, P < 0·05). The relative contributions of self to understanding (beta = 1·06, |t| = 10·74, P < 0·001) and practice of spiritual care (beta = 0·68, |t| = 3·62, P = 0·001) were statistically significant. There was no statistically significance difference between any of the demographic variables and understanding and practice of spiritual care, except for a negative relationship between religious affiliations and the dimension beyond self (P < 0·001).Conclusion.  Through continuously seeking self‐awareness and connecting to a dimension beyond the self for inner resource, the contented whole self will be able to provide spiritual care.
Competencies and skills for remote and rural maternity care: a review of the literature
Authors: Ireland Jillian , Bryers Helen , Van Teijlingen Edwin , Hundley Vanora , Farmer Jane , Harris Fiona , Tucker Janet , Kiger Alice , Caldow Jan 
Published: April 2007

Abstract Title. Competencies and skills for remote and rural maternity care: a review of the literature Aim.  This paper reports a review of the literature on skills, competencies and continuing professional development necessary for sustainable remote and rural maternity care.Background.  There is a general sense that maternity care providers in rural areas need specific skills and competencies. However, how these differ from generic skills and competencies is often unclear.Methods.  Approaches used to access the research studies included a comprehensive search in relevant electronic databases using relevant keywords (e.g. ‘remote’, ‘midwifery’, ‘obstetrics’, ‘nurse–midwives’, education’, ‘hospitals’, ‘skills’, ‘competencies’, etc.). Experts were approached for (un‐)published literature, and books and journals known to the authors were also used. Key journals were hand searched and references were followed up. The original search was conducted in 2004 and updated in 2006.Findings.  Little published literature exists on professional education, training or continuous professional development in maternity care in remote and rural settings. Although we found a large literature on competency, little was specific to competencies for rural practice or for maternity care. ‘Hands‐on’ skills courses such as Advanced Life Support in Obstetrics and the Neonatal Resuscitation Programme increase confidence in practice, but no published evidence of effectiveness of such courses exists.Conclusion.  Educators need to be aware of the barriers facing rural practitioners, and there is potential for increasing distant learning facilitated by videoconferencing or Internet access. They should also consider other assessment methods than portfolios. More research is needed on the levels of skills and competencies required for maternity care professionals practising in remote and rural areas.
The Swiss agri‐environment scheme enhances pollinator diversity and plant reproductive success in nearby intensively managed farmland
Authors: ALBRECHT MATTHIAS , DUELLI PETER , MÜLLER CHRISTINE , KLEIJN DAVID , SCHMID BERNHARD 
Published: April 2007

SummaryAgri‐environment schemes attempt to counteract the loss of biodiversity and associated ecosystem services such as pollination and natural pest control in agro‐ecosystems. However, only a few studies have evaluated whether these attempts are successful.We studied the effects of managing meadows according to the prescriptions of ecological compensation areas (ECA), the most widely adopted agri‐environment scheme in Switzerland, on both pollinator species richness and abundance, and the reproductive success of plants in nearby intensively managed meadows (IM).We established arrays of four pots, each containing individuals of three insect‐pollinated, non‐autogamous ‘phytometer’ species (Raphanus sativus,Hypochaeris radicataandCampanula glomerata), in ECA and adjacent IM at increasing distances from the ECA at 13 sites.Species richness and abundance of hoverflies, solitary bees and large‐sized pollinators (mainly social bees and butterflies) were significantly higher in ECA than in adjacent IM. Species richness and abundance of small‐sized pollinators in IM declined significantly with increasing distance from ECA, whereas large‐sized pollinators were not significantly affected by distance. Plant species richness and flower abundance were the major drivers of pollinator species richness and abundance; the area of an ECA had no significant influence.Individual plants ofR. sativusandC. glomerataproduced more and heavier seeds in ECA than in IM. Furthermore, the number of seeds of these two phytometer species was positively correlated with species richness and abundance of bees. No such effects were observed for individual plants ofH. radicata. The number of fruits and seeds per plant ofR. sativusin IM decreased with increasing distance from ECA.Synthesis and applications.We conclude that establishing ECA is an effective method of enhancing both pollinator species richness and abundance and pollination services to nearby intensely managed farmland. Our study emphasizes the importance of connectivity between ECA in maintaining diverse pollinator communities and thereby providing pollination services in agricultural landscapes.