bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Body sway and sensory motor coupling adaptation in children: Effects of distance manipulation
Authors: Godoi Daniela , Barela José A. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe purpose of this investigation was to examine coupling between visual information and body sway in children and young adults at various distances from a moving room front wall. Sixty children (from 4 to 14 years old) and 10 young adults stood upright inside a moving room that was oscillated at .2 and .5 Hz, at distances of .25, .5, 1, and 1.5 m from a front wall. Visual information induced body sway in all participants in all conditions. Young children swayed more than older participants, whether the moving room was oscillated or not. Coupling between visual information and body sway became stronger and the room movement influence became weaker with age. Up to the age of 10, coupling strength between visual information and body sway and the room movement influence were distance dependent. Postural control development appears to be dependent on how children reweight the contribution of varying sensory cues available in environment in order to control body sway. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 50: 77–87, 2008.
Critical role for IFN‐γ in natural killer cell‐mediated protection from diabetes
Authors: Lee I‐Fang , Qin Huilian , Priatel John J. , Tan Rusung 
Published: December 2007

AbstractAutoimmune diabetes in nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice can be prevented by a single injection of complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA), but the mechanisms mediating protection remains unclear. We previously showed that NOD mice immunized with CFA have a markedly reduced incidence of diabetes that is associated with a significant decrease in the number of β‐cell‐specific, autoreactive cytotoxic T lymphocytes and, furthermore, that the effect of CFA is mediated by natural killer (NK) cells. In this study, we report one mechanism by which NK cells regulate the onset of diabetes. Administration of CFA produced a rapid increase in NK cell frequency and function, including cytotoxicity and IFN‐γ secretion. By co‐transferring NK cells from IFN‐γ‐deficient (or wild‐type) NOD mice and spleen cells from diabetic NOD mice to NOD/SCID recipients, we show that IFN‐γ secretion by NK cells significantly influences the effect of CFA protection. In contrast, NK cytotoxicity does not appear to participate in CFA‐mediated protection from diabetes. Our findings demonstrate that NK cells mediate the protective effects of CFA through secretion of IFN‐γ.
Metal–Organic Frameworks Containing Flexible Bis(benzimidazole) Ligands
Authors: Jiang Hui , Ma Jian‐Fang , Zhang Wen‐Li , Liu Ying‐Ying , Yang Jin , Ping Guang‐Ju , Su Zhong‐Min 
Published: December 2007

AbstractEleven coordination polymers constructed from three structurally related flexible bis(benzimidazole) ligands, 1,1′‐(1,4‐butanediyl)bis(2‐methylbenzimidazole) (L1), 1,1′‐(1,4‐butanediyl)bis(2‐ethylbenzimidazole) (L2), and 1,1′‐(1,4‐butanediyl)bis(2‐benzylbenzimidazole) (L3), have been synthesized: [Zn(cin)2(L1)]·H2O (1), [Zn(cin)2(L2)] (2), [Cd(cin)2(L1)]·H2O (3), [Cd(cin)2(L2)] (4), [Ag(MES)(L1)0.5] (5), [Ag(MES)(L2)0.5]·H2O (6), [Zn(adi)(L1)]·H2O (7), [Zn(adi)(L2)0.5] (8), [Cd(adi)(L1)]·2H2O (9), [Cd(adi)(L2)] (10), and [Cd(adi)(L3)]·2H2O (11), where cin = cinnamate anion, MES = 2‐(N‐morpholino)ethanesulfonate anion, and adi = adipate dianion. For compounds 1–4, the cin anions are coordinated to metal ions in monodentate mode or bidentate chelating mode, and metal cations are bridged by L1 or L2 ligands to form 1‐D chain structures. Compound 5 shows a 1‐D chain structure which comprises a dimeric unit that is built from two silver ions and two MES anions. In compound 6, silver ions are bridged by MES anions and L2 ligands to form a 2‐D (6, 3) network while compounds 7–9 possess 2D (4, 4) networks. In the structure of compound 8, there exists a dimeric unit which is built from two zinc ions bridged by four carboxylate groups. Compound 10 exhibits a fourfold interpenetrating diamondoid net, and compound 11 displays a noninterpenetrating diamondoid framework. The luminescent properties for 1–11 are also discussed in detail.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Efficient Synthesis of Substituted 3‐Iodofurans by Electrophilic Cyclization of Propargylic Oxirane Derivatives
Authors: Xie Yong‐Xin , Liu Xue‐Yuan , Wu Lu‐Yong , Han Yao , Zhao Lian‐Biao , Fan Ming‐Jin , Liang Yong‐Min 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe electrophilic cyclization of various propargylic oxirane compounds and I2 offers an efficient and straightforward route to highly substituted iodofurans under mild reaction conditions. Further functionalization has demonstrated that the iodo derivatives obtained are potential synthetic intermediates for the amplification of molecular complexity. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Electrophoresis of a charge‐regulated toroid normal to a large disk
Authors: Hsu Jyh‐Ping , Kuo Chao‐Chung , Ku Ming‐Hong 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe electrophoresis of a charge‐regulated toroid (doughnut‐shaped entity) normal to a large disk is investigated under the conditions of low surface potential and weak applied electric field. The system considered is capable of modeling the electrophoretic behavior of various types of biocolloids such as bacterial DNA, plasmid DNA, and anabaenopsis near a perfectly conducting planar wall. The influences of the size of the toroid, the separation distance between the toroid and the disk, the charged conditions on the surfaces of the toroid and the disk, and the thickness of electric double layer on the electrophoretic mobility of the toroid are discussed. The results of numerical simulation reveal that under typical conditions the electrophoretic behavior of the toroid can be different from that of an integrated entity. For instance, if the surface of the toroid carries both acidic and basic functional groups, its mobility may have a local maximum as the thickness of double layer varies. We show that the electrophoretic behavior of the toroid is different, both qualitatively and quantitatively, from that of the corresponding integrated particle (particle without hole).
Signal modelization for improved precision of assessment of minimum and mean telomere lengths
Authors: Ponsot Elodie , Kadi Fawzi 
Published: December 2007

AbstractTelomere length is an important measure of cell and tissue regenerative capacities. The mean telomere length is classically used as global indicator of a tissue telomere length. In skeletal muscle, which is made of postmitotic myonuclei and satellite cells (muscle stem cells), minimum telomere length is also used to assess the telomere length of satellite cells and newly incorporated myonuclei. At present, the estimation of the method reproducibility during the assessment of mean and minimum telomere length using Southern blot analysis has never been documented. The aim of this report is to describe a signal modelization for improved precision of assessment of minimum and mean telomere lengths and to document the method reproducibility. Telomeres are assessed using a Southern technique where the gel is directly hybridized with the specific probe without the membrane‐transferring step in order to prevent telomeric low signal loss. We found that the improved signal analysis for determination of telomere length is associated with coefficients of variation ranging from 1.37 to 4.29% for the mean telomeric restriction fragment (TRF) length and from 2.04 to 4.95% for the minimum TRF length. Improved method reproducibility would allow saving time and biological material as duplicate and triplicate measurement of the same sample is no longer required.
Nanoliter‐volume protein enrichment, tryptic digestion, and partial separation based on isoelectric points by CE for MALDI mass spectral analysis
Authors: Nesbitt Chandra A. , Jurcic Kristina , Yeung Ken K.‐C. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractSequence‐specific proteolysis is an important part of protein identification by MS. Digestion of protein is commonly performed in‐solution, in sample vials with volumes ranging from milli‐ to microliters. When digestion is performed with a sample volume below 1 μL, handling of solution and potential sample loss via adsorption become significant issues. In this report, a proof of concept for the digestion of a small volume protein solution inside a capillary was demonstrated using a discontinuous buffer system previously studied (Nesbitt, C. A., et al. J. Chromatogr. A 2005, 1073, 175–180). Upon voltage application, a pH junction was created by the discontinuous buffer. Using myoglobin as an example, the protein molecules were enriched at the junction with an estimated volume of a few nanoliters. A protease, trypsin, was then introduced to myoglobin at the junction by coenrichment to induce in‐capillary digestion. The voltage application was then suspended to provide the necessary time (2 h) for the proteolysis to proceed. When completed, voltage application was resumed, and the discontinuous buffer reconcentrated the peptides formed from digestion. Importantly, the refocused peptides appeared to roughly elute according to their pIs, resulting in a partial separation. Direct sample deposition from capillary was performed to facilitate mass spectral analysis by MALDI. The partial separation, according to pI, offered the potential benefits of MALDI MS signal enhancement and provided supplementary pI information for peptide identity assignment.
CE coupled with amperometric detection using a boron‐doped diamond microelectrode: Validation of a method for endogenous norepinephrine analysis in tissue
Authors: Quaiserová‐Mocko Veronika , Novotný Martin , Schaefer Luther S. , Fink Gregory D. , Swain Greg M. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe level of endogenous norepinephrine (NE) in several tissue types was determined by CE with amperometric detection. We report herein on the method validation by HPLC using both amperometric and coulometric detection (CD). Keys to the method were the use of a diamond microelectrode for detection and off‐line SPE for sample preparation. The run buffer was a 250 mM borate solution adjusted to pH 8.8 with potassium hydroxide. The diamond microelectrode exhibited a low and stable background current, and a low peak‐to‐peak noise ≤0.65 pA at the detection potential of +0.86 V versus Ag/AgCl. For standard solutions, the detector signal (i.e., oxidation current) changed linearly with the NE concentration (r2 = 0.999) between 60 and 1000 nmol/L with an estimated LOD of 51 nmol/L (S/N = 3) and a response variability of 4.5% (RSD, n = 5). An Oasis MCX sorbent was used for SPE and the procedure produced an NE recovery of 95.1 ± 5.6% (n = 6) from tissue homogenates. NE levels in the spleen, small intestine, and heart of a normotensive rat were found to be in the range of 0.77–0.97, 0.22–0.32, and 0.29–0.45 μg/g tissue (n = 3), respectively.
A numerical strategy for the direct 3D simulation of the expansion of bubbles into a molten polymer during a foaming process
Authors: Bruchon J. , Coupez T. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractIn the framework of the foam process modelling, this paper presents a numerical strategy for the direct 3D simulation of the expansion of gas bubbles into a molten polymer. This expansion is due to a gas overpressure. The polymer is assumed to be incompressible and to behave as a pseudo‐plastic fluid. Each bubble is governed by a simple ideal gas law. The velocity and the pressure fields, defined in the liquid by a Stokes system, are subsequently extended to each bubble in a way of not perturbing the interface velocity. Hence, a global velocity–pressure‐mixed system is solved over the whole computational domain, thanks to a discretization based on an unstructured first‐order finite element. Since dealing with an Eulerian approach, an interface capturing method is used to follow the bubble evolution. For each bubble, a pure advection equation is solved by using a space–time discontinuous‐Galerkin method, coupled with an r‐adaptation technique. Finally, the numerical strategy is achieved by considering a global mesh expansion motion, which conserves the amount of liquid into the computational domain during the expansion. The expansion of one bubble is firstly considered, and the simulations are compared with an analytical model. The formation of a cellular structure is then investigated by considering the expansion of 64 bubbles in 2D and the expansion of 400 bubbles in 3D. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Numerical study of coupled fluid–structure interaction for combustion system
Authors: Khatir Z. , Pozarlik A. K. , Cooper R. K. , Watterson J. W. , Kok J. B. W. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe computation of fluid–structure interaction (FSI) problems requires solving simultaneously the coupled fluid and structure equations. A partitioned approach using a volume spline solution procedure is applied for the coupling of fluid dynamics and structural dynamics codes. For comparative study, two commercial packages for combustion and structural analysis are used. Results of numerical investigations of FSI between unsteady flow and vibrating liner in a combustion chamber are presented and show good agreement with experimental data. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An MPDATA‐based solver for compressible flows
Authors: Smolarkiewicz Piotr K. , Szmelter Joanna 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe theory of the high‐resolution multidimensional positive‐definite advection transport algorithm (MPDATA) has been extensively developed since its invention in the early eighties. Many successful applications for geophysical flows followed. This paper introduces the original development of an MPDATA solver operating on a classical set of conservation laws, applicable to high‐speed compressible flows. The solver belongs to a general class of the second‐order nonoscillatory forward‐in‐time schemes. Theoretical considerations are supported with numerical examples. An elementary three‐dimensional spherical wave‐propagation problem illustrates that MPDATA correctly captures signal transfer in acoustic flows. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nanopatterning of fibronectin and the influence of integrin clustering on endothelial cell spreading and proliferation
Authors: Slater John H. , Frey Wolfgang 
Published: December 2007

AbstractInvestigating stages of maturation of cellular adhesions to the extracellular matrix from the initial binding events to the formation of small focal complexes has been challenging because of the difficulty in fabricating the necessary nanopatterned substrates with controlled biochemical functionality. We present the fabrication and characterization of surfaces presenting fibronectin nanopatterns of controlled size and pitch that provide well‐defined cellular adhesion sites against a nonadhesive polyethylene glycol background. The nanopatterned surfaces allow us to control the number of fibronectin proteins within each adhesion site from 9 to 250, thereby limiting the number of integrins involved in each cell–substrate adhesion. We demonstrate the presence of fibronectin on the nanoislands, while no protein was observed on the passivated background. We show that the cell adheres to the nanopatterns with adhesions that are much smaller and more evenly distributed than on a glass control. The nanopattern influences cellular proliferation only at longer times, but influences spreading at both early and later times, indicating adhesion size and adhesion density play a role in controlling cell adhesion and signaling. However, the overall density of fibronectin on all patterns is far lower than on homogeneously coated control surfaces, showing that the local density of adhesion ligands, not the average density, is the important parameter for cell proliferation and spreading. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 87A: 176–195, 2008
Targeted folic acid‐PEG nanoparticles for noninvasive imaging of folate receptor by MRI
Authors: Chen Ting‐Jung , Cheng Tsan‐Hwang , Hung Yu‐Chin , Lin Kuei‐Tang , Liu Gin‐Chung , Wang Yun‐Ming 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe surface of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIO) with different molecular weight of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and folic acid (FA) were synthesized. The SPIO‐PEG‐FA nanoparticles are well‐dispersed and have good stability in various pH solutions. The lack of hysterestis and remanence at ambient temperatures is characteristic of superparamagnetic materials for SPIO‐PEG‐FA. The uptake by macrophage for SPIO‐PEG‐FA is lower than that of Feridex I.V. even at higher concentration. Internalization of SPIO‐PEG‐FA in targeted cells (KB cells) was observed by flow‐cytometric analysis and in vitro MR imaging. The intensity change of positive KB cell tumor (−20 to 25%) is significantly lower than that of negative HT‐1080 cell tumor from precontrast to postcontrast images of the tumor by in vivo MR imaging. These preliminary results demonstrated that SPIO‐PEG‐FA have the ability to target folate receptor. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 87A: 165–175, 2008
A novel porous collagen scaffold around an implantable biosensor for improving biocompatibility. I. In vitro/in vivo stability of the scaffold and in vitro sensitivity of the glucose sensor with scaffold
Authors: Ju Young Min , Yu Bazhang , Koob Thomas J. , Moussy Yvonne , Moussy Francis 
Published: December 2007

AbstractA new 3D porous and biostable collagen scaffold has been developed to improve the biocompatibility of implantable glucose sensors by minimizing tissue reactions while stimulating angiogenesis around the sensors. The novel collagen scaffold was crosslinked using nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) to enhance biostability. NDGA‐treated collagen scaffolds were stable without physical deformation in the subcutaneous tissue of rats for 4 weeks. In contrast, glutaraldehyde (GA)‐treated collagen scaffolds were extremely damaged following implantation. Both types of scaffolds (NDGA‐ and GA‐crosslinked) were stable in vitro in the presence of collagenase with 70% retention of original weight after 4 weeks of incubation. The response current (i.e. sensitivity) of sensors with porous scaffolds was not significantly changed when compared with control sensors (no scaffold), while the response time (T95%) was slightly delayed after a glucose concentration increase from 5 to 15 mM. Above this range, the sensors coated with scaffolds had only a slightly lower sensitivity than the control sensors. These results indicate that we have developed a stable NDGA‐crosslinked collagen scaffold for biosensors, and that the scaffold does not impair the function of our sensor. We plan to use this scaffold to enhance the function and lifetime of the implantable biosensors by providing a controlled local environment around the sensors with the help of various drugs and growth factors (dexamethasone, VEGF, PDGF). © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2008
Synthetic zeolites as a new tool for drug delivery
Authors: Rimoli Maria G. , Rabaioli Maria R. , Melisi Daniela , Curcio Annalisa , Mondello Sandro , Mirabelli Rosella , Abignente Enrico 
Published: December 2007

AbstractSynthetic zeolites were studied in order to investigate their ability to encapsulate and to release drugs. In particular, a zeolite X and a zeolitic product obtained from a cocrystallization of zeolite X and zeolite A were examined. These materials were characterized by chemical analyses (ICP‐AES), X‐ray diffraction, nitrogen adsorption isotherm, scanning electron microscopy, laser diffraction, and infrared spectroscopy. Since ketoprofen was chosen as a model drug for the formulation of controlled‐release dosage forms, it was encapsulated into these two types of synthetic zeolites by a soaking procedure. Drug‐loaded matrices were then characterized for entrapped drug amount and thermogravimetric behavior. In both types of activated zeolites, the total amount of ketoprofen (800 mg) was encapsulated in 2 g of matrix. By using HPLC measurements, ketoprofen release studies were done at different pH conditions so as to mimick gastrointestinal fluids. The absence of release in acid conditions and a double phased release, at two different pH values (5 and 6.8), suggest that after activation these materials offer good potential for a modified release delivery system of ketoprofen. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2008
Micromechanical properties of human trabecular bone: A hierarchical investigation using nanoindentation
Authors: Norman Jonathan , Shapter Joe G. , Short Ken , Smith Lachlan J. , Fazzalari Nicola L. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe ability to assess the risk of fracture, evaluate new therapies, predict implant success and assess the influence of bone remodeling disorders requires specific measurement of local bone micromechanical properties. Nanoindentation is an established tool for assessing the micromechanical properties of hard biological tissues. In this study, elastic modulus and hardness were quantified using nanoindentation for human trabecular bone from the intertrochanteric region of the proximal femur. These properties were demonstrated to be heterogeneous and highly correlated at the intraspicule, interspicule, and interspecimen levels. The results of this study have important implications for current understanding of structure–function relationships throughout the trabecular bone structural hierarchy. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2008
Mass spectrometry analysis of gliadins in celiac disease
Authors: Ferranti Pasquale , Mamone Gianfranco , Picariello Gianluca , Addeo Francesco 
Published: December 2007

AbstractIn recent years, scientific research on wheat gluten proteins has followed three main directions aimed at (1) finding relationships between individual genetic alleles coding for gliadins, high or low molecular weight glutenin subunits, and the viscoelastic dough properties of flour‐derived products such as pasta and bread; (2) identifying prolamins and derived peptides involved in celiac disease, a pathological condition in which the small intestine of genetically predisposed individuals is reversibly damaged; and (3) developing and validating sensitive and specific methods for detecting trace amounts of gluten proteins in gluten‐free foods for celiac disease patients. In this review, the main aspects of current and perspective applications of mass spectrometry and proteomic technologies to the structural characterization of gliadins are presented, with focus on issues related to detection, identification, and quantification of intact gliadins, as well as gliadin‐derived peptides relevant to the biochemical, immunological, and toxicological aspects of celiac disease. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of synthetic antioxidants on stored maize grain mycoflora in situ
Authors: Nesci Andrea , Ferrari Luciana , Etcheverry Miriam 
Published: December 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND: The influence of a mixture of butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) and propyl paraben (PP) (each at a concentration of 20 mmol L−1) on mycoflora and Aspergillus section Flavi populations in stored maize grain was evaluated. A survey of 120 maize samples was carried out from June to November 2005.RESULTS: The predominant populations in non‐treated (control) maize between the first and sixth sampling periods were Aspergillus section Flavi and Penicillium. Aspergillus flavus was the fungus most frequently isolated from both control and antioxidant‐treated kernels. All samples of control and antioxidant‐treated maize kernels were negative for aflatoxins during the 6 month storage period. Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus strains showed a variable ability to produce aflatoxins. The contribution of the strains to silo community toxigenicity was higher for A. flavus L (large) and S (small) strains in the fourth sampling period.CONCLUSION: Antioxidant treatment negatively affected natural maize mycoflora and Aspergillus section Flavi populations between the second and sixth months of storage. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry