bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Densification of Oxide Nanoparticle Thin Films by Irradiation with Visible Light
Authors: Bertino Massimo F. , Smarsly Bernd , Stocco Antonio , Stark Arne 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA technique is presented that allows for altering of the physical characteristics of films of TiO2 nanoparticles by exposure to visible light. In this technique, dye‐sensitized oxide nanoparticles are deposited on a substrate by dip‐coating. Photodissociation of the organic ligand layer leads to cross‐linking of the nanoparticles. Consequently, irradiated films have a decreased porosity, an increased index of refraction and an increased hydrophobicity. Films irradiated with green light are compared to films irradiated with UV light. Within experimental error, visible‐ and UV‐illumination induces the same changes in the films. The mechanism of surfactant elimination in dye‐sensitized oxide particles is discussed, patterning is demonstrated, and prospective applications of the technique are considered.
Solubility‐Induced Ordered Polythiophene Precursors for High‐Performance Organic Thin‐Film Transistors
Authors: Park Yeong Don , Lee Hwa Sung , Choi Yeon Joo , Kwak Donghoon , Cho Jeong Ho , Lee Sichoon , Cho Kilwon 
Published: March 2009

AbstractWith the aim of enhancing the field‐effect mobility of self‐assembled regioregular poly(3‐hexylthiophene), P3HT, by promoting two‐dimensional molecular ordering, the organization of the P3HT in precursor solutions is transformed from random‐coil conformation to ordered aggregates by adding small amounts of the non‐solvent acetonitrile to the solutions prior to film formation. The ordering of the precursor in the solutions significantly increases the crystallinity of the P3HT thin films. It is found that with the appropriate acetonitrile concentration in the precursor solution, the resulting P3HT nanocrystals adopt a highly ordered molecular structure with a field‐effect mobility dramatically improved by a factor of approximately 20 depending on the P3HT concentration. This improvement is due to the change in the P3HT organization in the precursor solution from random‐coil conformation to an ordered aggregate structure as a result of the addition of acetonitrile. In the good solvent chloroform, the P3HT molecules are molecularly dissolved and adopt a random‐coil conformation, whereas upon the addition of acetonitrile, which is a non‐solvent for aromatic backbones and alkyl side chains, 1D or 2D aggregation of the P3HT molecules occurs depending on the P3HT concentration. This state minimizes the unfavorable interactions between the poorly soluble P3HT and the acetonitrile solvent, and maximizes the favorable π–π stacking interactions in the precursor solution, which improves the molecular ordering of the resulting P3HT thin film and enhances the field‐effect mobility without post‐treatment.
Direct and interactive effects of occupational stress and coping on ulcer‐like symptoms among Chinese male off‐shore oil workers
Authors: Chen Wei‐Qing , Wong Tze‐Wai , Yu Tak‐Sun 
Published: March 2009

AbstractBackgroundOff‐shore oil production is widely regarded as a stressful occupation and digestive system problems were commonly observed in off‐shore oil workers. Is occupational stress from off‐shore oil work associated with the occurrence of digestive problems among off‐shore oil workers? And are coping styles also related to their occurrence? The aim of this study was to explore the direct and interactive association of occupational stress and coping styles with ulcer‐like symptoms in Chinese male off‐shore oil workers.MethodsA cross‐sectional survey was conducted among 561 Chinese male off‐shore oil workers. They were invited to fill in a self‐administered questionnaire exploring their socio‐demographic characteristics, occupational stress, coping style, and ulcer‐like symptoms. A stepwise multiple regression procedure was used to assess the direct and interactive effects of occupational stress and coping behaviors on ulcer‐like symptoms.ResultsAfter controlling for age, educational level, marital status and years of off‐shore working, the ulcer‐like symptoms were significantly positively associated with occupational stress and “internal behavior” coping methods, negatively associated with external/social behavior coping methods, and positively associated with the interaction between occupational stress and internal behavior coping.ConclusionThe results of the present study suggest that occupational stress was associated with gastric health problems and that this association might be moderated by certain coping behaviors. Am. J. Ind. Med. 52:500–508, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mapping of partially overlapping de novo deletions across an autism susceptibility region (AUTS5) in two unrelated individuals affected by developmental delays with communication impairment
Authors: Newbury Dianne F. , Warburton Pamela C. , Wilson Natalie , Bacchelli Elena , Carone Simona ,   The International Molecular Genetic Study of Autism Consortium (IMGSAC), Lamb Janine A. , Maestrini Elena , Volpi Emanuela V. , Mohammed Shehla , Baird Gillian , Monaco Anthony P. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractAutism is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by deficits in reciprocal social interaction and communication, and repetitive and stereotyped behaviors and interests. Previous genetic studies of autism have shown evidence of linkage to chromosomes 2q, 3q, 7q, 11p, 16p, and 17q. However, the complexity and heterogeneity of the disorder have limited the success of candidate gene studies. It is estimated that 5% of the autistic population carry structural chromosome abnormalities. This article describes the molecular cytogenetic characterization of two chromosome 2q deletions in unrelated individuals, one of whom lies in the autistic spectrum. Both patients are affected by developmental disorders with language delay and communication difficulties. Previous karyotype analyses described the deletions as [46,XX,del(2)(q24.1q24.2)dn]. Breakpoint refinement by FISH mapping revealed the two deletions to overlap by approximately 1.1Mb of chromosome 2q24.1, a region which contains just one gene—potassium inwardly rectifying channel, subfamily J, member 3 (KCNJ3). However, a mutation screen of this gene in 47 autistic probands indicated that coding variants in this gene are unlikely to underlie the linkage between autism and chromosome 2q. Nevertheless, it remains possible that variants in the flanking genes may underlie evidence of linkage at this locus. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Body fat excess and stimulated growth hormone levels in adult patients with Prader–Willi syndrome
Authors: Grugni Graziano , Crinò Antonino , Bertocco Paride , Marzullo Paolo 
Published: March 2009

AbstractIt has been suggested that reduced GH secretion in Prader–Willi syndrome (PWS) may simply reflect their excessive fat body mass. However, the GH response to standard provocative tests is significantly lower in PWS adults than obese controls with similar body mass index (BMI). Nevertheless, BMI is an inadequate measure of body composition, because PWS harbor a higher percentage of fat body mass (FM%) than simple obesity, under the same degree of weight excess. This study evaluated either the GH response to combined GHRH + arginine administration and the FM%, by DEXA, in 11 PWS adults (8 females, aged 20.1–41.1 years, BMI 43.6 ± 1.8, FM% 53.0 ± 1.5), in comparison to those obtained in 10 patients with essential obesity (8 females, aged 23.5–45.8 years), matched for BMI and FM% (42.9 ± 0.4 and 51.5 ± 1.0, respectively). Moreover, IGF‐I levels were measured in both groups. The GH response to GHRH + arginine was significantly lower in PWS patients (GH peak 5.4 ± 1.3 µg/L; area under the curve (AUC) 311.2 ± 72.5 µg/L/hr) than obese controls (GH peak 21.0 ± 4.1 µg/L,P < 0.005; AUC 1241.1 ± 272.8 µg/L/hr;P < 0.01), as well as IGF‐I values (110.5 ± 16.7 µg/L vs. 242.1 ± 31 µg/L,P < 0.005). The GHRH + arginine induced GH rise in patients with del15q11‐q13 was significantly higher than subjects with UPD15 (GH peak 7.7 ± 1.7 µg/L vs. 2.7 ± 1.0 µg/L,P < 0.05; AUC 458.5 ± 91.0 µg/L/hr vs. 134.4 ± 46.0 µg/L/hr,P < 0.02). These findings suggested that stimulated GH levels are significantly lower in PWS adults when compared to obese controls and that GH response to GHRH + arginine is different in PWS individuals having separate genetic subtypes. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An intergenerational contraction of a fully penetrant Huntington disease allele to a reduced penetrance allele: Interpretation of results and significance for risk assessment and genetic counseling
Authors: Nahhas Fatimah , Garbern James , Feely Shawna , Feldman Gerald L. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractWe report on a healthy 50‐year‐old woman who sought predictive testing due to a family history of Huntington disease (HD). Her 73‐year‐old mother had recently been confirmed to carry an HD allele of 42 CAG repeats, and started to show symptoms of HD at age 68. Clinically diagnosed HD is present in the maternal grandfather, maternal uncle, and three maternal cousins. Molecular analysis of the HD CAG repeat region identified an allele with 38 CAG repeats in the consultand, giving evidence of allele size contraction from the maternal 42 CAG repeat allele. Mitotic stability of the CAG repeat was demonstrated in DNA from a skin sample with the same allele size (38). In addition to sex of the parent and size of the repeat, recent data analysis of intergenerational stability of the CAG repeat size suggest a gender effect of the offspring on the likelihood of allele contraction or expansion. Discussion of these results with this patient presented challenges in providing appropriate risk assessment for developing the disease herself as well as the future risk to her offspring. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Die Synthese von naturstoffinspirierten Verbindungsbibliotheken
Authors: Kumar Kamal , Waldmann Herbert 
Published: March 2009

AbstractDer Natur abgeschaut: Die Entwicklung vielstufiger stereoselektiver Synthesen eröffnet den Zugang zu naturstoffinspirierten Verbindungsbibliotheken mit carbo‐, oxa‐ und azacyclischen Gerüststrukturen, die vielversprechende Quellen für neue Reagentien in der medizinischen Chemie und der chemischen Biologie sind. Das Bild zeigt eine Sammlung von naturstoffinspirierten Molekülen (blau) mit ihren zugrundeliegenden Naturstoffen (gelb).magnified imageNaturstoffe und ihre Derivate und Analoga gehören zu den wichtigsten Quellen neuer Wirkstoffkandidaten und Reagentien für die chemische Biologie und medizinische Chemie. Hieraus leitet sich ein großer Bedarf an effizienten Synthesemethoden ab, die einen Zugang zu naturstoffabgeleiteten oder ‐inspirierten Verbindungsbibliotheken ermöglichen. Um solche Verfahren entwickeln und anwenden zu können, ist es erforderlich, die vielstufigen stereoselektiven Synthesemethoden, wie sie für Naturstoffsynthesen charakteristisch sind, auf die Verfahrensweisen beim Aufbau von Verbindungsbibliotheken zu übertragen und entsprechend anzupassen. Neue Entwicklungen bei der Synthese naturstoffinspirierter Bibliotheken aus carbocyclischen und heterocyclischen Gerüststrukturen zeigen klar auf, dass dieses Ziel erreicht werden kann. Die bereits erzielten Fortschritte haben den Weg für die Einbeziehung naturstoffinspirierter Verbindungsbibliotheken in die medizinische Chemie und die biochemische Forschung geebnet.
Finite difference solution for radiative–conductive heat transfer of a semitransparent polycarbonate layer
Authors: Safavisohi Babak , Sharbati Ehsan , Aghanajafi Cyrus , Firoozabadi Seyed Reza Khatami 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThermal radiation greatly affects the transient thermal response of translucent materials in many practical applications, such as radiative heat shields and ignition and flame spreads for translucent plastics. However, because of the complexities that transients impose, less work has been done on the transient analysis of combined radiation–conduction heat transfer than on steady‐state analysis. In this study, the transient heat transfer analysis of a polycarbonate (PC) layer was done with the use of the two‐flux method and implicit finite difference formulations. The radiative and conductive properties of PC available in the literature, together with computer implementation prepared on the basis of the two‐flux method and implicit finite difference formulations, were used to obtain the transient thermal response of a PC layer. On the basis of these results, we show that, compared to the conduction‐alone case, the PC layer responded faster when radiation effects were considered. It is also shown that the internal reflectivity of boundaries had a great effect on the thermal response of the layer, whereas the thermal conductivity had a minor influence. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Synthesis and characterization of unsaturated polyesters based on the aminolysis of poly(ethylene terephthalate)
Authors: Elsaeed Shimaa M. , Farag Reem K. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe depolymerization of poly(ethylene terephthalate) via an aminolysis process was studied. An excess of ethanol amine in the presence of sodium acetate as a catalyst was used to produce bis(2‐hydroxyl ethylene) terephthalamide (BHETA). Unsaturated polyester (UP) resins were obtained by the reaction of BHETA with different long‐chain dibasic acids such as decanedioic acid, tetradecanoic acid, and octadecanoic acid in conjunction with maleic anhydride as a source of unsaturation. The chemical structure of the UP resins was confirmed by 1H‐NMR. The vinyl ester resins were used as crosslinking agents for UP. The curing behavior and mechanical properties of the UP resins with vinyl ester were evaluated at different temperatures ranging from 25 to 55°C. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Thermostimulative shape‐memory effect of reactive compatibilized high‐density polyethylene/poly(ethylene terephthalate) blends by an ethylene–butyl acrylate–glycidyl methacrylate terpolymer
Authors: Li Shu‐Cai , Lu Li‐Nong , Zeng Wei 
Published: March 2009

AbstractHigh‐density polyethylene (HDPE)/poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) blends were prepared by means of melt extrusion with ethylene–butyl acrylate–glycidyl methacrylate terpolymer (EBAGMA) as a reactive compatibilizer. The effects of the EBAGMA and PET contents, recovery temperature, and stretch ratio on the thermostimulative shape‐memory behavior of the blends were studied. The results show that the addition of EBAGMA to the HDPE/PET blends obviously improved the compatibility and the shape‐memory effects of the blends. The response temperature was determined by the melting point of HDPE, and the shape‐recovery ratio of the 90/10/5 HDPE/PET/EBAGMA blend reached nearly 100%. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Free‐radical solution copolymerization of the ionic liquid monomer 1‐vinyl‐3‐ethylimidazolium bromide with acrylonitrile
Authors: Zhang Guibao , Liu Xiaohui , Li Baixiang , Bai Yungang 
Published: March 2009

AbstractIonic liquid monomer 1‐vinyl‐3‐ethylimidazolium bromide (ViEtIM+Br−) was first used to copolymerize with acrylonitrile (AN) successfully under various conditions. This was achieved with azobisisobutyronitrile as the initiator and dimethyl sulfoxide as the solvent. The kinetics of this copolymerization were studied. The values of the monomer apparent reactivity ratios were calculated by the Kelen–Tüdos method. The apparent reactivity ratios of ViEtIM+Br− (rViEtIM+Br−) and AN (rAN) were similar at polymerization conversions of less than 10% (rAN = 0.954, rViEtIM+Br− = 0.976). The copolymers were obtained with high molecular weights and high hydrophilicities. The copolymers were characterized by 1H‐NMR, differential scanning calorimetry, and thermogravimetric analysis. These copolymers may be potentially useful in the preparation of precursor fibers and carbon fibers. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Effects of chain lengths, molecular orientation, and functional groups of thiols adsorbed onto CF surface on interfacial properties of CF/epoxy composites
Authors: He Jinmei , Huang Yudong , Meng Linghui , Cao Hailin , Gu Hongbo 
Published: March 2009

AbstractIn this article, a new treatment method based on molecular self‐assembly on carbon fiber (CF) surface was proposed for obtaining a controlled interface between CF and epoxy matrix in composite system. To form the controlled interfacial region, the surfaces of CF were first metallized by electroless Ag plating, then were reacted with a series of thiols (alkanethiols, aromatic thiol, and heterocyclic thiol) to form self‐assembly (SA) films, which further reacted with epoxy resin to generate a strong adhesion interface. The structure and composition of untreated and treated CF surface were investigated by surface‐enhanced Raman scattering spectroscopy (SERS) and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), respectively. SERS study showed that thiols chemisorbed on Ag‐plated CF in the form of thiolate species via the strong SAg coordinative bond. Moreover, adsorbate orientation of thiols SA films on Ag‐plated CF surfaces was revealed on the basis of SERS selection rules. The XPS study further confirmed the well organized alignment and the chemisorption of thiols. To understand the interfacial adhesion mechanism, the interfacial shear strength of CF/epoxy microcomposites was evaluated by the microbond technique. The results showed that among the parameters such as chain lengths, molecular orientation, and types of functional groups, the chemical nature of functional groups is most important for the improvement of interfacial properties in CF/epoxy composites. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Synthesis, characterization, and fluorescence properties of lanthanide complexes with poly(styrene‐co‐methacrylic acid)
Authors: Liu Tonghuan , Yang Ying , Duan Guojian , Gao Yaping , Zeng Zhengzhi 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA series of new complexes of poly(styrene‐co‐methacrylic acid) with Ln(III) (Ln = La, Eu, Tb) were synthesized and well characterized by means of elemental analysis, FTIR, differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) analysis, TG‐DTA analysis, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and fluorescence determination. The elemental analysis and FTIR studies showed that a large part of carboxylic groups on the side chain of the copolymer are coordinated with Ln(III) ions. The TG‐DTA and DSC analysis results indicated that the complexes have good thermal stability. XRD experiments showed that copolymers and the complexes are amorphous. Among these complexes, Eu(III) complexes and Tb(III) complexes exhibit characteristic fluorescence with comparatively high brightness and good monochromaticity. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Polybenzimidazole (PBI) molecular weight and Mark‐Houwink equation
Authors: Yuan Youxin , Johnson Frederick , Cabasso Israel 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe molecular weight, and intrinsic viscosity of polybenzimidazole (PBI) and its phosphonylated derivatives are reported. The relationship between intrinsic viscosity [η] and weight average molecular weight (Mw) for PBI has been established in H2SO4 and DMF‐LiCl. The Mark Houwink constants Kw of 5.2 × 10−3 mL/g, α of 0.92 for H2SO4 solvent systems and, Kw of 3.2 × 10−2 mL/g, α of 0.754 for DMF‐LiCl solvent system have been determined at Mw < 65,000. The intrinsic viscosity of PBI determined by the Huggins–Kraemer method was compared with a single point method, and found that both methods fit well for PBI in relatively low concentration solvent system, giving ∼ 99% accuracy. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Biopolishing of cotton fabrics with total cellulases of Trichoderma reesei and optimization using Taguchi methods
Authors: Saravanan D. , Dinesh C. , Karthikeyan S. , Vivekanandan A. , Nalankilli G. , Ramachandran T. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractBiopolishing of cotton fabrics enhances appearance and handle of the fabrics without compromising on essential properties. Process of biopolishing is influenced by concentration of cellulases, temperature, pH, and duration of treatment, besides the activity levels of enzymes, method of mechanical agitations and construction features of fabrics. Optimization of process parameters, including mechanical agitations and fabric construction features, has been carried out using Taguchi methods followed by analysis of variance and confirmation tests. All the design parameters, used in the study, have predominant influence on weight loss, fabric strength after biopolishing while thickness, bursting strength, abrasion losses, and flexural rigidity of the fabrics were significantly influenced by the concentration of cellulases together with duration of treatment. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Modification of epoxy resins via m‐chloroperbenzoic acid‐epoxidized carbon nanotubes
Authors: Wang Shiren , Qiu Jingjing 
Published: March 2009

AbstractIn this article, epoxidized carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are used to modify current epoxy resins. The produced epoxy groups on the nanotube surface significantly enriched nanotube chemistry and made them soluble in the organic solvents. Atomic force microscopy characterization indicated that epoxidized nanotubes were well dispersed in the organic solvent and most of them were isolated. Fracture surface of modified epoxy resins suggested that fracture toughness of the modified resins was significantly improved, demonstrating fracture characteristic of typical ductile materials. Epoxidized CNTs‐modified epoxy resins demonstrated a 50% increase in the Young's modulus, 32% improvement in the tensile strength with 1 wt % loading. This study provides an effective way to synthesize novel epoxy resins. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Application of different analytical methods used in the study of the cross‐linking of resins in intermediate‐product used in manufacturing of abrasive articles
Authors: Jurga Jan , Voelkel Adam , Strzemiecka Beata 
Published: March 2009

AbstractDetermining the degree of the crosslinking of resins in intermediate‐product used in the manufacturing of abrasive articles is difficult and complicated because of the presence of different components in the material. The abrasive articles consist of abrasive (e.g., fused alumina), filler (e.g., potassium fluoroborate–KBF4, pyrite–FeS2), wetting agent (e.g., resol), and binder (e.g., novolak). Proper hardening of intermediate‐product is a very important stage during production of abrasive tools. The hardening process depends on crosslinking of resins. Following were used to study crosslinking of resins: IGC, washing away method, NMR broad line, DSC, and FTIR methods. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009