bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Poplar seed‐transmission of Marssonina brunnea
Authors: Spiers A. G. , Wenham H. T. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractLaboratory studies established that poplar seed became contaminated with conidia of Marssonina brunnea during extraction from infected seed capsules. Contaminating conidia were loosely associated with the testa and were capable of initiating seedling infections. Examination of 23 imported Dutch seedlines showed that 20 were contaminated with viable conidia of M. brunnea. Ten seedlines produced infected seedlings when sown on blotters and in soil, confirming M. brunnea as a seed‐borne contaminant of poplar seed.
Resistance of improved Pinus monticola and some other white pines to the blister rust fungus, Cronartium ribicola, of Hokkaido, Japan
Authors: Yokota Shun‐ichi 
Published: June 2007

AbstractResistant progenies of Pinus monticola, improved in the northwestern USA, and Asian and European white pines were inoculated with the blister rust fungus, Cronartium ribicola, of Hokkaido. No resistance was observed in P. monticola but the other pines remained healthy. This shows that the resistance of white pines to the blister rust fungus is limited to a particular pathogenic race and a different race of the rust fungus exists in Hokkaido.
Die natürliche Astreinigung und ihre biologischen Voraussetzungen
Authors: Butin H. , Kowalski T. 
Published: June 2007

Abstract The natural pruning of branches and their biological conditions. II. The fungal flora of English oak (Quercus robur L.). A study was made on the mycoflora of dead twigs during natural pruning of branches from oak. Most of the species belong to the ascomycetes and deuteromycetes; basidiomycetes were identified only on larger branches.
Üer das Auftreten von Ozon und Stickstoffoxiden in Waldgebieten Österreichs
Authors: Von Smidt S. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractStudies on the presence of ozone and nitrogen oxides in Austrian forests. Ozone and nitrogen oxide measurements were made in the region of Innsbruck/Tirol. Low concentrations of ozone and relatively high concentrations of nitrogen oxides were found in Hall (560 m. a. s. 1.). As opposed to this, the concentration of ozone at Patscherkofel (1954 m. a. s. 1.) showed, in winter, a very high base level while nitrogen oxides could not be detected there.The course of the mean daily runs depended on season and the particular gas. The increased base level of ozone at higher altitudes as well as the combination of ozone with other harmful gases in over‐crowded areas is considered as an additional stress for forest vegetation.The occurrence of all smog components at the same time and their combination leads to an intensifi‐cation of single effects. The phytotoxic effect of the main pollutant SO2 is especially increased by ozone and nitrogen oxides in overcrowded areas.
Identification of some compounds associated with resistance of Pinus densiflora to Fomes annosus
Authors: Dumas M. T. , Hubbes M. , Strunz G. M. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractFrom the heartwood‐free stemwood of Pinus densiflora, 7 compounds inhibitory to the linear growth of Fomes annosus were isolated. These were identified as pinosylvin, pinosylvin monomethyl ether, (3‐sitosterol, a cembrol‐like diterpene alcohol, and three isomeric diterpene acids belonging to the abietane group, one of which is probably palustric acid. Other antifungal fractions contained complex mixtures and were not characterized.
Fungi that destroyed a Populus tremula stand in Lagow Lubuski
Authors: Domański S. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe decay of a 20‐year‐old stand of Populus tremula growing on old agricultural waste land was observed from 1975 to 1981. There were 16 species of pathogenic and saprophytic fungi found on dying and dead trees, of which Heterobasidion annosum (Fr.) Bref. and Cytospora chrysosperma Fr. were the most frequent. The circumstances of combined action of both fungi in the disease process are discussed.
Vergleichende Feinwurzeluntersuchungen an gesunden und erkrankten Altfichten auf zwei Standorten in Bayernein Beitrag zur Waldsterbensforschung
Authors: Liss Von B. , Blaschke H. , Schütt P. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractFine root studies in two old growth spruce forests affected by “Wadsterben” in Bavaria. Fine roots of healthy and declining Norway spruce (Picea abies) were investigated. We observed fewer active myeorrhizac associated with affected spruce in two old growth Forests. It has been hypothesised that air pollution is dimaging the needles resulting in less photosynthate and that the reduction of active mycorrhizae is due to such an initial weakening of the tree.
Populations of bacteria in poplar stems
Authors: Scott Eileen S. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractWetwood taken from euramerican hybrid poplars (Populus×euramericana) generally contained large and diverse populations of bacteria. The distribution of bacteria within tissues was discontinuous in both radial and axial directions. Most of the common bacterial strains were capable of altering wood components. The bacteria most consistently associated with wetwood were identified as Enterobacter and Clostridium species. The Enterobacter was hemicllulolytic and one Clostridium strain could degrade pectin in anaerobic conditions. These bacteria may play an important rote in the development of wetwood in poplar.
Observations on occurrence of cottonwood leaf rust in central United States
Authors: McCRACKEN F. I. , Schipper A. L. , Widin K. D. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractSpore populations of Melampsòra medusae among Populus spp. were metered with spore traps along a north‐south axis in the central United States. Uredospores were collected earliest yearly at the southernmost location and at the northernmost locations where Larix laricina exist. They were found at other locations at progressively later dates. Aeciospores were found only at northern locations within the range of larch. Differences in uredospore numbers were related to variations in temperature and rainfall.
Rhizoctonia web blight of Albizia falcataria in India1
Authors: Sharma J. K. , Sankaran K. V. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractWeb blight of Albizia falcataria seedlings caused by Rhizoctonia solani state of Thanatephorus cucumeris is reported for the first time from Kerala, India. The disease, observed during the monsoon (June August), causes high mortality of young seedlings in nurseries.
Experimenteller Nachweis nadelbewohnender Pilze bei Koniferen
Authors: Rack K. , Butin H. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractExperimental proof of needle inhabiting fungi in conifers. I. Spruce (Picea abies). Various methods are described, which can be used to establish the presence of fungi in needles of conifers and to classify them. Culture characteristics ofLophodermium piceae, L. filiforme, Rhizosphaera kalkhoffii, Thysanophora penicillioidesandTiarosporella parcaarc given.
Pathogenicity of some isolates of Seiridium (Coryneum) cardinale, agent of cypress canker disease
Authors: Raddi P. , Panconesi A. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractRamets of 200 clones of Cupressus sempervirens were inoculated with 6 isolates of Seiridium cardinale. No significant differences were found among isolates, while there were highly significant differences among clones when length and width of canker were assumed as discriminating traits.
Development of the fungus Ceratocystis fimbriata in shoots of poplar clones with differing resistance1
Authors: Przybyl Krystyna 
Published: June 2007

AbstractDifferences in the development and rate of spread of C. fimbriata hyphae between susceptible, moderately resistant and resistant clones were observed. Conidia of various shapes and ascospores appeared in necrotic parts of shoots of susceptible and moderately resistant clones while in the resistant one only cylindrical conidia were present.
Ceratocysts polonica inoculated in Norway spruce: Blue‐staining in relation to inoculum density, resinosis and tree growth
Authors: Christiansen E. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractWhen Norway spruce trees were inoculated with Ceratocystis polonica, a dose‐dependent response was recorded. Local resinosis near the inoculation sites decreased with increasing inoculum density; parallelled by an increasing degree of sapwood staining, and tree mortality. Suppressed trees, and trees showing growth decline appeared more susceptible than trees suffering less competition.
Feinstrukturelle Untersuchungen an Nadeln geschädigter Tannen und Fichten aus Waldschadensgebieten im Schwarzwald
Authors: Parameswaran (†) N. , Fink S. , Liese W. 
Published: June 2007

Abstract Fine structural studies on the needles of damaged fir (Abies alba Mill.) and spruce [Picea abics (L.) Karst.] trees from forest dieback areas in the Black Forest. The fine structural changes in the variously damaged needles of fir and spruce trees from forest dieback areas have been investigated with special reference to cytoplasmie organization in the vascular bundles, mesophyll tissue and cuticle. The results are compared with those available for a few plants affected both by natural and artificial stress factors, especially air pollutants.
The role of free proline in the sensitivity of poplar (Populus ‘Robusta’) plants to the action of SO11
Authors: Karolewski P. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe action of SO2 caused an increase in the content of free proline in the leaves of Populus ‘Robusta’ plants. A protective role of proline pretreatment was demonstrated against injury, changes in water content and chlorophyll loss in the leaves of plants exposed to the gas.
Studies on leaf spot and shoot blight of Eucalyptus caused by Cylindrocladium quinqueseptatum
Authors: Bolland L. , Tierney J. W. , Tierney B. J. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractIn glasshouse experiments, Cylindrocladium quinqueseptatum, which was associated with outbreaks of leaf spot and shoot blight in a young plantation of Eucalpytus microcorys in north Queensland during the 1982 and 1983 autumns, was pathogenic on seedlings of E. microcorys and caused varying degrees of leaf spot and shoot blight in ten species of Eucalyptus from major taxonomic groupings of the genus, When the outbreaks occurred, the weather was unusually showery with minimum temperatures above 16°C. In vitro studies showed that free water was essential for conidial germination, which occurred between 14–32°C. The optimum for mycelial growth was 28.5°C. In vivo studies showed that leaf penetration. by germinated conidia was via the stomata. Mancozeb was more effective at controlling the disease than benomyl, captan or copper oxychloride. The potential importance of C. quinqueseptatum and options for control in young Eucalyptus plantations are discussed.
Charcoal root and stem rot of Eucalyptus
Authors: Soni K. K. , Dadwal V. S. , Jamaluddin  
Published: June 2007

Abstract Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid. caused a serious root and stem rot in juvenile seedlings of Eucalyptus in nurseries. This is a new host record. The pathogen produced systemic infection in the seedlings. The symptoms and histopathology and factors influencing the disease were studied. Of five fungicides tried in the laboratory and in the field, bavistin and dithane M‐45 at 0.2% showed promising results for the control of the disease.
Infection cycle of Armillaria and host response
Authors: Rishbeth J. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractIn the infection cycle of Armillaria spore dispersal is followed by colonization of stumps, which is not uncommon on the time‐scale of plantation forestry. After a period of exploitation, further suitable woody tissues nearby may be colonized by means of rhizomorphs or direct mycelial transfer. The cycle is illustrated by four species present in southern England, which vary in pathogenicity, capacity to invade tissues deelining in resistance, and ability to form rhizomorphs. Various host responses, such as production of oleoresin by conifers and secondary meristematic activity, are briefly discussed.
Experiments on the control of Dutch elm disease by injection of Pseudomonas species
Authors: Shi Jin Lin , Brasier C. M. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractBacteria of the genus Pseudomonas were screened for antagonistic activity towards Ceratocystis ulmi in vitro. Selected bacteria were then tested for their ability to suppress symptoms of Dutch elm disease in English elm (Ulmus procera) and Commelin elm (U. X hollandica“Commelin”) in vivo. In a series of preventative bacterial injection experiments on English elm, no reduction in disease levels was obtained by comparison with non‐injected controls. In curative injections of Commelin elm, only a slight reduction of disease recurrence in treated trees was indicated. Bacteria showed limited upward distribution in the trees, but may have become well distributed within the roots. The significance of the results for the control of Dutch elm disease is discussed.
Impacts of Chronic SO2, O3, and SO2+O3 Exposures on Photosynthesis of Pinus strobus Clones1
Authors: Boyer J. N. , Houston D. B. , Jensen K. F. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractGrafts of sensitive and tolerant eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L.) clones were exposed to extended (week‐long) low levels (5 pphm) of sulfur dioxide (S2O), ozone (O3), and their combination in order to observe effects on photosynthesis. Consistent but statistically non‐significant increases in photosynthesis over the week were noted in all tolerant clones and in all but one sensitive clone when fumigated with SO2 or SO2+O3. Likewise, O3 consistently depressed photosynthesis in both tolerant and sensitive clones. There were significant differences in response between tolerant and sensitive clones fumigated with O3, and in the response of tolerant clones fumigated with O3 versus those in SO2+O3.
Glykol‐Methacrylat (GMA) als Einbettungssystem für histologische Untersuchungen von Koniferen‐Nadeln
Authors: Ruetze Von M. , Schmitt U. 
Published: June 2007

Abstract A new embedding system for histological studies of conifer needles. Preparation of conifer needles for lightmicroscopic investigations has been difficult using conventional methods due to density gradients within the tissue. A new embedding system with glycol‐methacrylate (GMA) is described which provides a structural conservation of sections as thin as 1 μm. A large variety of histological staining procedures can be applied to the tissue without removing the plastic compound.
Seedling diseases of Azadirachta indica in Kerala, India1
Authors: Sankaran K. V. , Balasundaran M. , Sharma J. K. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractOccurrence of four disease of foliage viz. two leaf spots, one leaf blight and a web blight caused by Colletotrichum capsici, Cercospora subsessilis, Sderotium rolfsii and Rhizoctonia solani respectively and one each of stem (stem rot by S. rolfsii) and root (wilt by Fusarium solani) are reported for the first time on seedlings of Azadirachta indica from Kerala, India. Leaf spots though widespread did not cause much damage to seedlings, while the other diseases resulted in ca. 20–30 percent mortality, thus affecting the stocking.
Epicuticular wax of needles of Pinus cembra, Pinus sylvestris and Picea abies
Authors: Günthardt‐Goerg M. S. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractEpicuticular wax composition and its variation with needle age was analysed chemically. Needles were taken from conifers at the highest altitude of their local distribution. Quantitative and qualitative differences in the composition of the three conifer waxes were found. Increasing needle age influenced the wax composition in Pinus cembra and Picea abies.
Effects of simulated acid deposition on the surface structure of Norway spruce and silver fir needles
Authors: Rinallo By C. , Raddi P. , Gellini R. , di Lonardo V. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractTreatments with acidified solutions of pH 3.5 cause alterations in the wax structure of the needles of silver fir and Norway spruce. The wax structures, especially those of the stomata, once they have been damaged, are not capable of complete reorganization even if the needle is repeatedly treated with distilled water.
Spread of European mistletoe (Viscum album) in California, U.S.A.
Authors: Hawksworth F. G. , Scharpf R. F. 
Published: June 2007

Abstract Viscum album was introduced in about 1900 into an area north of San Francisco, California. By 1984, the gross area covered by the parasite had spread to about 114 sq. km. The average distance of spread from the point of introduction was 5.8 km. Viscum occurs on at least 22 hosts in California, the most common are Acer saccharinum, Malus sylvestris, Robinia pseudoacacia, Alnus rubra, Populus fremontii, and Salix lasiandra.
Über die jahreszeitliche Entlassung der Konidien von Dothistroma pini in Pinus radiata‐Kulturen des südlichen Chile
Authors: Rack K. 
Published: June 2007

Abstract On the seasonal release of Dothistroma conidia in Pinus radiata plantation in southern Chile. During 3 years continuous sporctrapping was performed in 5 to 8 years old Pinus radiata plantation near Valdivia (Chile). The maxima for the number of conidia as well as their germination occurred constantly in the first week of February, the number of trapped conidia was closely connected with the precipitation, except for the very first opening of the fruiting bodies.
Two pathogenic races of Melampsora larici‐populina in north‐western Europe
Authors: Pinon J. , van Dam B.C. , Genetet I. , de Kam M. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThree collections of Melampsora larici‐populina Kleb. originating from Belgium, France and the Netherlands were compared for their pathogenicity on eleven poplar clones. Qualitative type reactions suggest the existence of two pathogenic races designated E1 and E2. E2 is able to infect some clones previously considered to be resistant.
Cytology of Norway spruce needles
Authors: Sutinen Sirkka 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe structural changes in the albuminous, endodermal and mesophyll cells in the ageing needles of different aged healthy spruces (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) were studied on material collected in Germany and in Finland in winter. The results are considered as background information for the studies dealing with the structural changes in spruces suffering from biotic or abiotic stresses e. g., from the polluted air. Both light and electron microscopes were used.
Cytology of Norway spruce needles
Authors: Sirkka Sutinen 
Published: June 2007

AbstractLight and electron microscopical changes were studied in needles of yellowing spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.] in Königstein, Taunus mountains, in West‐Germany. One‐to‐three‐year‐old needles were taken from 25‐ and about 60‐year‐old healthy‐looking and yellowing spruces. The results showing advance of damage in the needles and the nature of the ultrastructural injuries are discussed in relation to possible causing factors, especially air pollutants.
Responses of in vitro grown pine seedlings to infection by four strains of Heterobasidion annosum1
Authors: Werner A. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractScots pine seedlings growing in pure cultures were inoculated with 4 isolates of Heterobasidion annosum. Significant variation in resistance to this pathogen was observed within and among progenies of pine trees selected at two different locations.Mycorrhizal synthesis occurred more frequently in cases where seedlings were inoculated with less pathogenic isolates of the pathogen.
Über Sukzession und pathogene Eigenschaften Kiefernnadeln bewohnender Pilze
Authors: Von Rack K. , Scheidemann U. 
Published: June 2007

Abstract Succession and pathogenic properties of fungi inhabiting pine needles. Isolates from healthy and dying pine needles of various age permit conclusions about the relationship of some needle fungi to their host. Of the six most prevalent fungi, only Lopbodermium seditiosum has a pathogenic nature.
Survival of Scots pine seedlings after biological and chemical control of damping‐off in plastic greenhouses
Authors: Duda Barbara , Sierota Z. H. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractSurvival of pine seedlings was tested in greenhouses where substrates were infected with Rbizoctonia, Fusarium or Rbizoctonia with Fusarium. To reduce the pathogen menace biological (sterile sawdust, Tricboderma or sawdust with Tricboderma) or chemical (seed protection) treatments were performed. Incorporation of sawdust or sawdust with Tricboderma 20 days before sowing increased the survival of seedlings and it was comparable to protection with Nemispor for Fusarium‐menace, with Funaben T for Rbizoctonia menace and Oxafun T or Karbochin for both pathogens.
Effect of pH, temperature and light on the pathogenicity of Cylindrocarpon destructans to pine seedlings in associative cultures with bacteria and actinomycetes1
Authors: Dahm H. , Strzelczyk E. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe effect of pH, temperature and light on pathogenicity of two isolates ofCylindrocarpon destructanswas studied. Both isolates were pathogenic to fir and pine seedlings. The degree of aggressiveness was affected by pH, temperature, light intensity and also by accompanying bacteria and actinomycetes.
Effect of glyphosate, hexazinone and triclopyr on in vitro growth of five species of ectomycorrhizal fungi
Authors: Chakravarty P. , Sidhu S. S. 
Published: June 2007

Abstract In vitro growth tests with glyphosate (RoundupR), hexazinone (liquid Velpar L.R and granular Pronone™5GR) and trichlopyr (GarlonR) on five species of ectomycorrhizal fungi (Hebcloma crustuliniforme, Laccaria laccata, Thelophora amcrieana, T. terrestris and Suillus tomentosus) showed varied species sensitivity to different concentrations of herbicides. Fungal growth was significantly (P = 0.05) redueed particularly at concentrations above 10 ppm. Garlon with trieolopyr as a. i. was the most toxic of the four herbieide formulations.
Iso‐Peroxidasemuster von Fichtenklonen unterschiedlicher relativer Immissionsresistenz; Zymogrammvergleiche in der Austriebsphase 1986
Authors: Schindlbeck Von W. E. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractIso‐peroxidase (iPOD)‐patterns of Norway spruce clones differing in their relative resistance to air pollution; comparing zymograms during the beginning of the vegetation period 1986.iPOD‐systems of young needles were investigated and characterized by analytically electrofocusing the needle extracts in thin layers of polyacrylamide gels.The zymograms obtained showed that possibly there exists coupling between codon sequences coding for the complex quality “resistance to air pollution” and sequences coding for specific iPOD‐patterns.
Variation in virulence among Rigidoporus lignosus and Phellinus noxius isolates from West Africa1
Authors: Nandris D. , Nicole M. , Geiger J. P. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractPathogenicity of isolates of the root rotting fungi Rigidoporus lignosus and Phellinus noxius was tested on rubber seedlings (Hevea brasiliensis) by artificial inoculation under controlled conditions. Variation in virulence within the isolates tested was demonstrated and discussed.
Effect of hexazinone (Pronone™5G)1 on the seedling growth and mycorrhizal incidence of Pinus contorta var. latifolia and Picea glauca1
Authors: Chakravarty P. , Sidhu S. S. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractHexazinone (Pronone™5G) at high concentrations (2 and 4 kg a. i/ha) inhibited the seedling growth and mycorrhizal frequency of Pinus contorta Dougl. var. latifolia Engelm. and Picea glauca (Moench) Voss. However, with increase in time seedling growth and mycorrhizal infection were increased significantly. At low concentration (1 kg a. i/ha) growth parameters and mycorrhizal development were reduced initially, but after 4 to 6 months, seedlings recovered from hexazinone toxicity and mycorrhizal frequency was almost same with control.