bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sub-arc Mantle Heterogeneity of the Northern Luzon Volcanic Arc: Mineral and Whole Rock Compositional Variability in Mantle Xenoliths from Lutao Island
Authors: Shellnutt J Gregory , Yeh Meng-Wan , Lee Tung-Yi , Iizuka Yoshiyuki , Chen Wei-Yu , Prasanth M P Manu 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Mantle xenoliths hosted in volcanic rocks from the island of Lutao offer a glimpse into the nature of the mantle beneath the northern Luzon volcanic arc. The xenoliths are spinel-bearing and composed mostly of harzburgite with one lherzolite and one olivine orthopyroxenite. The olivine (Fo92.5–88.9), orthopyroxene (Mg# = 94.6–89.2), and clinopyroxene (Wo49.1–38.1En57.0–45.4Fs3.0–11.0) compositions are similar to those of abyssal peridotites. The spinel compositions are variable and can be principally divided into high-Al (Cr# &lt; 45) and low-Al (Cr# &gt; 45) groupings. The whole rock compositions are similar to abyssal peridotite (Al2O3 = 0.95–2.07 wt %; Mg# = 88.5–90.9) and have U-shaped chondrite normalized rare earth element patterns. The Sr-Nd isotopes of the xenoliths are broadly chondritic (87Sr/86Sri = 0.704400–0.707908; εNd(t) = 0.0 − +1.5). The two-pyroxene equilibrium temperatures range from 900 to 1200 °C with the majority of temperature estimates &gt;1000 °C. The olivine-orthopyroxene-spinel oxygen barometry estimates yielded ΔFMQ values from 0 to +2 and correspond to moderately oxidizing to oxidizing conditions. The xenoliths are likely derived from the Philippine Sea Plate lithospheric mantle that was modified by melt extraction and/or fluid enrichment processes. Trace element and isotopic mixing modeling indicate that 1–2% contamination by subducted South China Sea sediment can explain the Sr-Nd isotopic enrichment and Th and U elemental variability within the xenoliths assuming an initial composition similar to enriched depleted mid-ocean ridge mantle (E-DMM). The anomalously high two-pyroxene equilibrium temperatures of the Lutao xenoliths relative to other regions of the northern Luzon volcanic arc (Iraya &lt;1000 °C) indicate that they were affected by a high-temperature event that was likely a consequence of recent intra-arc rifting that occurred after collision (&lt;6 Ma) between the Luzon arc and the Eurasian margin.
Plastid retrograde signaling: A developmental perspective
Authors: Loudya Naresh , Barkan Alice , López-Juez Enrique 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Chloroplast activities influence nuclear gene expression, a phenomenon referred to as retrograde signaling. Biogenic retrograde signals have been revealed by changes in nuclear gene expression when chloroplast development is disrupted. Research on biogenic signaling has focused on repression of Photosynthesis-Associated Nuclear Genes (PhANGs), but this is just one component of a syndrome involving altered expression of thousands of genes involved in diverse processes, many of which are upregulated. We discuss evidence for a framework that accounts for most of this syndrome. Disruption of chloroplast biogenesis prevents the production of signals required to progress through discrete steps in the program of photosynthetic differentiation, causing retention of juvenile states. As a result, expression of PhANGs and other genes that act late during photosynthetic differentiation is not initiated, while expression of genes that act early is retained. The extent of juvenility, and thus the transcriptome, reflects the disrupted process: lack of plastid translation blocks development very early, whereas disruption of photosynthesis without compromising plastid translation blocks development at a later stage. We discuss implications of these and other recent observations for the nature of the plastid-derived signals that regulate photosynthetic differentiation and the role of GUN1, an enigmatic protein involved in biogenic signaling.
Association between visceral adipose tissue and asthma based on the NHANES and Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Yin Pan , Tao Shiran , Xing Zixuan , Luo Shenglin , Yang Zhiluo , Xue Zihan , Yang Ruida , Liu Luyu , Wu Shaobo , Ge Juan 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
Obesity is a crucial risk factor for asthma. Observational studies have examined the association between abdominal obesity and asthma symptoms. This study aimed to investigate the causal relationship between visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and asthma and its potential as an independent indicator.

Methods
This study utilized data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey spanning 2011–8. Multivariable logistic regression and stratified variable selection were employed to identify associations between asthma and VAT. Moreover, a two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis, using 221 genetic variants as instrumental variables, was conducted to assess this relationship further.

Results
Our findings indicated that individuals with higher VAT levels were more likely to develop asthma. Visceral obesity remained a significant risk factor for asthma after adjusting for demographic characteristics. Genetic predictions suggest a positive association between VAT and an elevated risk of asthma (odds ratio [OR] = 1.393, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.266–1.534, and P = 1.43E−11). No significant polymorphisms were detected using the Mendelian randomization-Egger intercept test.

Conclusions
This study presents potential evidence supporting the causal role of VAT in asthma development. Furthermore, the findings from the Mendelian randomization analysis further reinforce the relationship between VAT and asthma risk.
Not Whether to Coordinate, But How: Concerns and Mechanism Choice Under a Mandate for Inter-Agency Coordination
Authors: Milman Anita , Roberts Michael , Walsh Amber , Blomquist William 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
A critical question in relation to inter-agency coordination is not only whether, but how, to coordinate. This question is particularly salient when agencies are subject to a top-down mandate. While inter-agency coordination can provide multiple benefits, agencies frequently have concerns about the potential risks of coordination. Differing coordination mechanisms may reduce or exacerbate those concerns. Depending on their coordination concerns, agencies will be inclined to favor certain mechanisms over others. Examination of the implementation of California’s Sustainable Groundwater Management Act, which mandates local agency coordination, indicates that coordination mechanism selection is influenced by which combination of concerns agencies hold, with autonomy considerations taking priority over other concerns. These findings suggest opportunities to improve the explanatory power of theories of inter-agency coordination by incorporating potential hierarchies of concerns, their distribution across the multiple agencies tasked with coordinating, and configurational effects. To this end, we propose a contingency theory of agency concerns and coordination mechanism choice under a mandate to coordinate.
Pharmacological interventions for early-stage frozen shoulder: a systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Berner Juan Enrique , Nicolaides Marios , Ali Stephen , Pafitanis Georgios , Preece Jane , Hopewell Sally , Nanchahal Jagdeep 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Objectives
To evaluate the efficacy of pharmacological interventions for treating early-stage, pain predominant, adhesive capsulitis, also known as frozen shoulder.

Methods
We performed a systematic review in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Searches were conducted on MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials on 24 February 2022. Outcomes were shoulder pain, shoulder function and range of movement. Synthesis involved both qualitative analysis for all studies and pairwise meta-analyses followed by a network meta-analysis for randomized controlled trials (RCTs).

Results
A total of 3252 articles were found, of which 31 met inclusion criteria, and 22 of these were RCTs. IA injection of CS (8 RCTs, 340 participants) and IA injection of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) (3 RCTs, 177 participants) showed benefit at 12 weeks compared with physical therapy in terms of shoulder pain and function, while oral NSAIDs (2 RCTs, 44 participants) and IA injection of hyaluronate (2 RCTs, 42 participants) did not show a benefit. Only IA PRP showed benefit over physical therapy for shoulder range of movement.

Conclusion
These results shows that IA CS and IA PRP injections are beneficial for early-stage frozen shoulder. These findings should be appraised with care considering the risk of bias, heterogeneity and inconsistency of the included studies. We believe that research focused on early interventions for frozen shoulder could improve patient outcomes and lead to cost-savings derived from avoiding long-term disability. Further well-designed studies comparing with standardized physical therapy or placebo are required to improve evidence to guide management.
Prevalence, characteristics, and outcome of subclinical vasculitis in polymyalgia rheumatica: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Moreel Lien , Boeckxstaens Lennert , Betrains Albrecht , Smans Timo , Molenberghs Geert , Van Laere Koen , De Langhe Ellen , Vanderschueren Steven , Blockmans Daniel 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Two recent meta-analyses reported subclinical vasculitis in 22–23% of patients with PMR. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence, characteristics, and outcome of subclinical vasculitis among our PMR patients.

Methods
Consecutive patients with GCA/PMR spectrum disease with isolated PMR symptoms who underwent FDG PET imaging between 2003 and 2020 and who were followed for ≥6 months, were included retrospectively. Vasculitis was defined as FDG uptake ≥grade 2 in any vessel.

Results
We included 337 patients, of whom 31 (9%) with subclinical vasculitis. Among those with subclinical vasculitis, 21 (58%) had isolated large vessel vasculitis, 3 (10%) had isolated cranial vasculitis and 7 (23%) had both cranial and large vessel vasculitis. The glucocorticoid (GC) starting dose and GC doses during follow-up were higher in those with subclinical vasculitis until 12 months after diagnosis (P &lt; 0.001). There was no difference in the duration of GC treatment (25 vs 20 months, P = 0.187). Cox proportional hazard regression analyses showed no difference in the proportion of patients able to stop GC (HR 0.78 [95% CI 0.49–1.25], P = 0.303) and in the proportion of patients with relapse (HR 0.82 [95%CI 0.50–1.36], P = 0.441).

Conclusion
Only 9% of our PMR patients had subclinical vasculitis with a predilection for large vessel vasculitis. There were no differences in relapse rate and duration of GC treatment, however, those with subclinical vasculitis received higher GC doses until 12 months after diagnosis. Prospective interventional trials are needed to evaluate the outcome of PMR patients with and without subclinical vasculitis treated with a similar GC protocol.
Illegal products containing selective androgen receptor modulators purchased online from Italy: health risks for consumers
Authors: Gaudiano Maria Cristina , Aureli Federica , Manna Livia , Borioni Anna , Maccelli Alessandro , Raimondo Mariangela , De Giorgi Donato , Bartolomei Monica 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
Selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs) are small synthetic drug molecules that are still not approved as medicine in Europe or the United States but are sold on illegal websites to improve sport performance, particularly bodybuilding.

Aim
To address the quality issues of illegal SARM products and their increasing diffusion in Italy with their potential health risks for consumers.

Methods
Web-based tools were used to investigate retail websites, trending searches, and information exchange via social media. Thirteen SARM products, purchased on retail websites accessible from Italy, were subject to visual inspection and chemical analysis by mass spectrometry and quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance.

Outcomes
The primary outcome was demonstration of additional health risks due to the illicit presence of other active ingredients, contamination, and misdosage in SARM products sold on the internet. The secondary outcome was to show the increasing trend of interest in Italy for these products.

Results
Most websites reported misleading information; specifically, the statement “for research only” was reported notwithstanding indications on dosage and training phases. The trending search showed that interest toward SARMs increased in Italy in the last years. The use of these products is clearly encouraged by the emerging phenomenon of “broscience” as revealed in socials. Visual inspection evidenced nonconform labeling. Qualitative analysis confirmed the presence of the stated SARM in about 70% of samples. In 23% of samples, the expected SARM was not detected but a different one instead, and in 1 sample, no SARMs were detected. Other undeclared pharmaceutical substances (tamoxifen, clomifene, testosterone, epimethandienone, tadalafil) were measured in 30% of samples. The copresence of &gt;1 active substance was observed in &gt;60% of samples. Quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance data showed nonuniform content ranging from 30% to 90% of the label claim.

Clinical Implications
The use of SARMs, in the presence of unexpected life-threatening reactions in persons using the products to increase sport performance, should be assessed.

Strengths and Limitations
This investigation involved an integrated approach to study SARM products and related sociologic aspects. The main shortcomings are the limited number of samples and retail websites in the clear web investigated.

Conclusion
SARMs sold online as food supplement–like products represent a health hazard due to the presence of unapproved and undeclared active substances. The presence of contaminants clearly indicates the absence of good manufacturing practices in the production, which increases the health risks.
The Swiss Primary Hypersomnolence and Narcolepsy Cohort Study: feasibility of long-term monitoring with Fitbit smartwatches in central disorders of hypersomnolence and extraction of digital biomarkers in narcolepsy
Authors: Gnarra Oriella , van der Meer Julia , Warncke Jan D , Fregolente Livia G , Wenz Elena , Zub Kseniia , Nwachukwu Uchendu , Zhang Zhongxing , Khatami Ramin , von Manitius Sigrid , Miano Silvia , Acker Jens , Strub Mathias , Riener Robert , Bassetti Claudio L A , Schmidt Markus H 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The Swiss Primary Hypersomnolence and Narcolepsy Cohort Study (SPHYNCS) is a multicenter research initiative to identify new biomarkers in central disorders of hypersomnolence (CDH). Whereas narcolepsy type 1 (NT1) is well characterized, other CDH disorders lack precise biomarkers. In SPHYNCS, we utilized Fitbit smartwatches to monitor physical activity, heart rate, and sleep parameters over 1 year. We examined the feasibility of long-term ambulatory monitoring using the wearable device. We then explored digital biomarkers differentiating patients with NT1 from healthy controls (HC). A total of 115 participants received a Fitbit smartwatch. Using a adherence metric to evaluate the usability of the wearable device, we found an overall adherence rate of 80% over 1 year. We calculated daily physical activity, heart rate, and sleep parameters from 2 weeks of greatest adherence to compare NT1 (n = 20) and HC (n = 9) participants. Compared to controls, NT1 patients demonstrated findings consistent with increased sleep fragmentation, including significantly greater wake-after-sleep onset (p = .007) and awakening index (p = .025), as well as standard deviation of time in bed (p = .044). Moreover, NT1 patients exhibited a significantly shorter REM latency (p = .019), and sleep latency (p = .001), as well as a lower peak heart rate (p = .008), heart rate standard deviation (p = .039) and high-intensity activity (p = .009) compared to HC. This ongoing study demonstrates the feasibility of long-term monitoring with wearable technology in patients with CDH and potentially identifies a digital biomarker profile for NT1. While further validation is needed in larger datasets, these data suggest that long-term wearable technology may play a future role in diagnosing and managing narcolepsy.
Albuterol as an adjuvant in acute anticholinesterase pesticide poisoning: a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial
Authors: Zein-Elabdeen Samar M M , Hassan Neven A , El-Ebiary Ahmad A , Hafez Amal S A F , Hodeib Aliaa A 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Acute anticholinesterase pesticide poisoning is a serious clinical problem, particularly in developing countries. Atropine is the most acceptable treatment for acute anticholinesterase poisoning. However, it only stops fluid production. Albuterol is a beta-2 receptor agonist that can increase fluid removal and speed the return of effective oxygen exchange. This study aims to evaluate the safety and efficacy of nebulized albuterol as an adjuvant therapy in patients with acute anticholinesterase poisoning. This stratified block randomized, single-blinded, placebo-controlled, parallel-group clinical trial was conducted between November 2020 and October 2021. It enrolled 80 patients with acute anticholinesterase pesticide poisoning who were admitted to Tanta University Poison Control Center. Patients were allocated into two groups (40 patients each). The strata were based on the severity of poisoning (moderate and severe). Patients in group I received 10 mg of nebulized albuterol. Group II received an equivalent volume of nebulized normal saline. Additionally, standard treatment was provided to both groups. Outcomes included oxygenation, mortality, need for endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation, hospital stay duration, time to atropinization, and total doses of atropine and oxime. We found insignificant differences in sociodemographics, exposure characteristics, clinical manifestations, or routine laboratory tests between the studied groups. The median values of oxygen saturation by pulse oximetry were 99% in the albuterol moderate toxicity group and 98% in the control moderate toxicity group. Albuterol significantly improved oxygen saturation in moderate intoxicated patients (P = 0.039). Therefore, nebulized albuterol is a safe drug. Moreover, it may improve oxygenation in acute anticholinesterase pesticide poisoning.
Predicting oncology drug-induced cardiotoxicity with donor-specific iPSC-CMs—a proof-of-concept study with doxorubicin
Authors: Pang Li , Cai Chengzhong , Aggarwal Praful , Wang Dong , Vijay Vikrant , Bagam Prathyusha , Blamer Jacob , Matter Andrea , Turner Amy , Ren Lijun , Papineau Katy , Srinivasasainagendra Vinodh , Tiwari Hemant K , Yang Xi , Schnackenberg Laura , Mattes William , Broeckel Ulrich 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Many oncology drugs have been found to induce cardiotoxicity in a subset of patients, which significantly limits their clinical use and impedes the benefit of lifesaving anticancer treatments. Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) carry donor-specific genetic information and have been proposed for exploring the interindividual difference in oncology drug-induced cardiotoxicity. Herein, we evaluated the inter- and intraindividual variability of iPSC-CM-related assays and presented a proof of concept to prospectively predict doxorubicin (DOX)-induced cardiotoxicity (DIC) using donor-specific iPSC-CMs. Our findings demonstrated that donor-specific iPSC-CMs exhibited greater line-to-line variability than the intraindividual variability in impedance cytotoxicity and transcriptome assays. The variable and dose-dependent cytotoxic responses of iPSC-CMs resembled those observed in clinical practice and largely replicated the reported mechanisms. By categorizing iPSC-CMs into resistant and sensitive cell lines based on their time- and concentration-related phenotypic responses to DOX, we found that the sensitivity of donor-specific iPSC-CMs to DOX may predict in vivo DIC risk. Furthermore, we identified a differentially expressed gene, DND microRNA-mediated repression inhibitor 1 (DND1), between the DOX-resistant and DOX-sensitive iPSC-CMs. Our results support the utilization of donor-specific iPSC-CMs in assessing interindividual differences in DIC. Further studies will encompass a large panel of donor-specific iPSC-CMs to identify potential novel molecular and genetic biomarkers for predicting DOX and other oncology drug-induced cardiotoxicity.
An investigation of ADAS testing scenarios based on vehicle-to-powered two-wheeler accidents occurring in a county-level district in China
Authors: Wang Honggang , Wang Xinghua , Peng Yong , Lou Xin , Lee Jaeyoung 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
To meet the requirements for high-risk testing scenarios in the safety assessment of advanced driver assistance systems (ADASs), this study selected 239 vehicle-to-powered two-wheeler accidents occurring in Xiangtan County from the China In-depth Mobility Safety Study—Traffic Accident (CIMSS-TA) database. Seven scenario elements were selected from the levels of static road elements, dynamic traffic participants and environment elements. The accident characteristics were obtained through statistical analysis. The results showed that 75.73% of accidents occurred at T-junctions/intersections, and 34.73% were caused by visual obstructions. Six typical vehicle-to-powered two-wheeler crash scenarios were established by cluster analysis, including two straight road scenarios (scenarios 3 and 6), two T-junction scenarios (scenarios 1 and 5) and two intersection scenarios (scenarios 2 and 4). Furthermore, six vehicle-to-powered two-wheeler testing scenarios, which represent the traffic environment characteristics of Chinese county-level districts, were constructed by analysing the vehicle/powered two-wheeler speed, the first collision point of the vehicle, the obstacle type and location, etc. The results showed that the vehicle speed in scenario 4 was higher than that in scenario 2, with average values of 34.32 km/h and 21.99 km/h, respectively. The results of this study provide testing scenarios for the safety assessment of ADASs, and contribute to improving vehicle active safety technology.
Perspectives in precautionary allergen labelling of prepackaged foods after the FAO/WHO consultation
Authors: Fierro Vincenzo , Mazzuca Carmen , Urbani Sara , Dahdah Lamia , Calandrelli Veronica , Valluzzi Rocco Luigi , Giulio Dinardo 
Published: March 2024

Purpose of review
The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the perspectives regarding precautionary allergen labelling (PAL) of prepackaged foods following the consultation conducted by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and the WHO.

Recent findings
The FAO/WHO consultation provided a comprehensive assessment of the current status and practices of PAL implementation worldwide. One of the key findings highlighted by the Expert Committee was the need for improvement in existing PAL systems. It was noted that many countries lacked uniformity in PAL practices, leading to inconsistencies in labelling and potentially misleading information for consumers. Furthermore, the consultation emphasized the importance of PAL being risk-based, taking into account both the amount and frequency of unintended allergen presence (UAP) in food products.

Summary
The FAO/WHO consultation shed light on various perspectives and challenges associated with PAL of prepackaged foods. Key findings emphasized the need for improvement in existing PAL systems, including the adoption of a risk-based approach, standardized regulations, and enhanced transparency. Moving forward, collaborative efforts between regulatory agencies, food manufacturers, and consumer advocacy groups will be essential in developing effective PAL strategies that prioritize consumer safety and well being.