bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ferrielectricity controlled widely-tunable magnetoelectric coupling in van der Waals multiferroics
Authors: Hu Qifeng , Huang Yuqiang , Wang Yang , Ding Sujuan , Zhang Minjie , Hua Chenqiang , Li Linjun , Xu Xiangfan , Yang Jinbo , Yuan Shengjun , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Lu Yunhao , Jin Chuanhong , Wang Dawei , Zheng Yi 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe discovery of various primary ferroic phases in atomically-thin van der Waals crystals have created a new two-dimensional wonderland for exploring and manipulating exotic quantum phases. It may also bring technical breakthroughs in device applications, as evident by prototypical functionalities of giant tunneling magnetoresistance, gate-tunable ferromagnetism and non-volatile ferroelectric memory etc. However, two-dimensional multiferroics with effective magnetoelectric coupling, which ultimately decides the future of multiferroic-based information technology, has not been realized yet. Here, we show that an unconventional magnetoelectric coupling mechanism interlocked with heterogeneous ferrielectric transitions emerges at the two-dimensional limit in van der Waals multiferroic CuCrP2S6 with inherent antiferromagnetism and antiferroelectricity. Distinct from the homogeneous antiferroelectric bulk, thin-layer CuCrP2S6 under external electric field makes layer-dependent heterogeneous ferrielectric transitions, minimizing the depolarization effect introduced by the rearrangements of Cu+ ions within the ferromagnetic van der Waals cages of CrS6 and P2S6 octahedrons. The resulting ferrielectric phases are characterized by substantially reduced interlayer magnetic coupling energy of nearly 50% with a moderate electric field of 0.3 V nm−1, producing widely-tunable magnetoelectric coupling which can be further engineered by asymmetrical electrode work functions.
Fine-tuning the pore environment of ultramicroporous three-dimensional covalent organic frameworks for efficient one-step ethylene purification
Authors: Xie Yang , Wang Wenjing , Zhang Zeyue , Li Jian , Gui Bo , Sun Junliang , Yuan Daqiang , Wang Cheng 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe construction of functional three-dimensional covalent organic frameworks (3D COFs) for gas separation, specifically for the efficient removal of ethane (C2H6) from ethylene (C2H4), is significant but challenging due to their similar physicochemical properties. In this study, we demonstrate fine-tuning the pore environment of ultramicroporous 3D COFs to achieve efficient one-step C2H4 purification. By choosing our previously reported 3D-TPB-COF-H as a reference material, we rationally design and synthesize an isostructural 3D COF (3D-TPP-COF) containing pyridine units. Impressively, compared with 3D-TPB-COF-H, 3D-TPP-COF exhibits both high C2H6 adsorption capacity (110.4 cm3 g−1 at 293 K and 1 bar) and good C2H6/C2H4 selectivity (1.8), due to the formation of additional C-H···N interactions between pyridine groups and C2H6. To our knowledge, this performance surpasses all other reported COFs and is even comparable to some benchmark porous materials. In addition, dynamic breakthrough experiments reveal that 3D-TPP-COF can be used as a robust absorbent to produce high-purity C2H4 directly from a C2H6/C2H4 mixture. This study provides important guidance for the rational design of 3D COFs for efficient gas separation.
Fast joint parity measurement via collective interactions induced by stimulated emission
Authors: Huai Sainan , Bu Kunliang , Gu Xiu , Zhang Zhenxing , An Shuoming , Yang Xiaopei , Li Yuan , Cai Tianqi , Zheng Yicong 
Published: April 2024

AbstractParity detection is essential in quantum error correction. Error syndromes coded in parity are detected routinely by sequential CNOT gates. Here, different from the standard CNOT-gate based scheme, we propose a reliable joint parity measurement (JPM) scheme inspired by stimulated emission. By controlling the collective behavior between data qubits and syndrome qubit, we realize the parity detection and experimentally implement the weight-2 and weight-4 JPM scheme in a tunable coupling superconducting circuit, which shows comparable performance to the CNOT scheme. Moreover, with the aid of the coupling tunability in quantum system, this scheme can be further utilized for specific joint entangling state preparation (JEP) with high fidelity, such as multiqubit entangled state preparation for non-adjacent qubits. This strategy, combined with the superconducting qubit system with tunable couplers, reveals tremendous potential and applications in the surface code architecture without adding extra circuit elements. Besides, the method we develop here can readily be applied in large-scale quantum computation and quantum simulation.
Optically induced charge-transfer in donor-acceptor-substituted p- and m- C2B10H12 carboranes
Authors: Wu Lin , Holzapfel Marco , Schmiedel Alexander , Peng Fuwei , Moos Michael , Mentzel Paul , Shi Junqing , Neubert Thomas , Bertermann Rüdiger , Finze Maik , Fox Mark A. , Lambert Christoph , Ji Lei 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIcosahedral carboranes, C2B10H12, have long been considered to be aromatic but the extent of conjugation between these clusters and their substituents is still being debated. m- and p-Carboranes are compared with m- and p-phenylenes as conjugated bridges in optical functional chromophores with a donor and an acceptor as substituents here. The absorption and fluorescence data for both carboranes from experimental techniques (including femtosecond transient absorption, time-resolved fluorescence and broadband fluorescence upconversion) show that the absorption and emission processes involve strong intramolecular charge transfer between the donor and acceptor substituents via the carborane cluster. From quantum chemical calculations on these carborane systems, the charge transfer process depends on the relative torsional angles of the donor and acceptor groups where an overlap between the two frontier orbitals exists in the bridging carborane cluster.
Water-assisted oxidative redispersion of Cu particles through formation of Cu hydroxide at room temperature
Authors: Fan Yamei , Li Rongtan , Wang Beibei , Feng Xiaohui , Du Xiangze , Liu Chengxiang , Wang Fei , Liu Conghui , Dong Cui , Ning Yanxiao , Mu Rentao , Fu Qiang 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSintering of active metal species often happens during catalytic reactions, which requires redispersion in a reactive atmosphere at elevated temperatures to recover the activity. Herein, we report a simple method to redisperse sintered Cu catalysts via O2-H2O treatment at room temperature. In-situ spectroscopic characterizations reveal that H2O induces the formation of hydroxylated Cu species in humid O2, pushing surface diffusion of Cu atoms at room temperature. Further, surface OH groups formed on most hydroxylable support surfaces such as γ-Al2O3, SiO2, and CeO2 in the humid atmosphere help to pull the mobile Cu species and enhance Cu redispersion. Both pushing and pulling effects of gaseous H2O promote the structural transformation of Cu aggregates into highly dispersed Cu species at room temperature, which exhibit enhanced activity in reverse water gas shift and preferential oxidation of carbon monoxide reactions. These findings highlight the important role of H2O in the dynamic structure evolution of supported metal nanocatalysts and lay the foundation for the regeneration of sintered catalysts under mild conditions.
Ultrafast piezocapacitive soft pressure sensors with over 10 kHz bandwidth via bonded microstructured interfaces
Authors: Zhang Yuan , Zhou Xiaomeng , Zhang Nian , Zhu Jiaqi , Bai Ningning , Hou Xingyu , Sun Tao , Li Gang , Zhao Lingyu , Chen Yingchun , Wang Liu , Guo Chuan Fei 
Published: April 2024

AbstractFlexible pressure sensors can convert mechanical stimuli to electrical signals to interact with the surroundings, mimicking the functionality of the human skins. Piezocapacitive pressure sensors, a class of most widely used devices for artificial skins, however, often suffer from slow response-relaxation speed (tens of milliseconds) and thus fail to detect dynamic stimuli or high-frequency vibrations. Here, we show that the contact-separation behavior of the electrode-dielectric interface is an energy dissipation process that substantially determines the response-relaxation time of the sensors. We thus reduce the response and relaxation time to ~0.04 ms using a bonded microstructured interface that effectively diminishes interfacial friction and energy dissipation. The high response-relaxation speed allows the sensor to detect vibrations over 10 kHz, which enables not only dynamic force detection, but also acoustic applications. This sensor also shows negligible hysteresis to precisely track dynamic stimuli. Our work opens a path that can substantially promote the response-relaxation speed of piezocapacitive pressure sensors into submillisecond range and extend their applications in acoustic range.
Cryo-EM structure of the human Asc-1 transporter complex
Authors: Li Yaning , Guo Yingying , Bröer Angelika , Dai Lu , Brӧer Stefan , Yan Renhong 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe Alanine-Serine-Cysteine transporter 1 (Asc-1 or SLC7A10) forms a crucial heterodimeric transporter complex with 4F2hc (SLC3A2) through a covalent disulfide bridge. This complex enables the sodium-independent transport of small neutral amino acids, including L-Alanine (L-Ala), Glycine (Gly), and D-Serine (D-Ser), within the central nervous system (CNS). D-Ser and Gly are two key endogenous glutamate co-agonists that activate N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors by binding to the allosteric site. Mice deficient in Asc-1 display severe symptoms such as tremors, ataxia, and seizures, leading to early postnatal death. Despite its physiological importance, the functional mechanism of the Asc-1-4F2hc complex has remained elusive. Here, we present cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of the human Asc-1-4F2hc complex in its apo state, D-Ser bound state, and L-Ala bound state, resolved at 3.6 Å, 3.5 Å, and 3.4 Å, respectively. Through detailed structural analysis and transport assays, we uncover a comprehensive alternating access mechanism that underlies conformational changes in the complex. In summary, our findings reveal the architecture of the Asc-1 and 4F2hc complex and provide valuable insights into substrate recognition and the functional cycle of this essential transporter complex.
A freely precessing magnetar following an X-ray outburst
Authors: Desvignes Gregory , Weltevrede Patrick , Gao Yong , Jones David Ian , Kramer Michael , Caleb Manisha , Karuppusamy Ramesh , Levin Lina , Liu Kuo , Lyne Andrew G. , Shao Lijing , Stappers Ben , Pétri Jérôme 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMagnetars—highly magnetized neutron stars—are thought to be the most likely progenitors for fast radio bursts (FRBs). Freely precessing magnetars are further invoked to explain the repeating FRBs. We report here on new high-cadence radio observations of the magnetar XTE J1810–197 recorded shortly after an X-ray outburst. We interpret the polarization variations of the magnetar radio emission as evidence for the magnetar undergoing free precession following the outburst while its magnetosphere slowly untwists. The observations of precession being damped on a timescale of months argue against the scenario of freely precessing magnetars as the origin of repeating FRBs. Using free-precession models based on relaxing ellipticity with a decay of the wobble angle, we find the magnetar ellipticity to be in good agreement with theoretical predictions from nuclear physics. Our precise measurement of the magnetar’s geometry can also further help in refining the modelling of X-ray light curves and constrain the star’s compactness.
Transcription bodies regulate gene expression by sequestering CDK9
Authors: Ugolini Martino , Kerlin Maciej A. , Kuznetsova Ksenia , Oda Haruka , Kimura Hiroshi , Vastenhouw Nadine L. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe localization of transcriptional activity in specialized transcription bodies is a hallmark of gene expression in eukaryotic cells. It remains unclear, however, if and how transcription bodies affect gene expression. Here we disrupted the formation of two prominent endogenous transcription bodies that mark the onset of zygotic transcription in zebrafish embryos and analysed the effect on gene expression using enriched SLAM-seq and live-cell imaging. We find that the disruption of transcription bodies results in the misregulation of hundreds of genes. Here we focus on genes that are upregulated. These genes have accessible chromatin and are poised to be transcribed in the presence of the two transcription bodies, but they do not go into elongation. Live-cell imaging shows that disruption of the two large transcription bodies enables these poised genes to be transcribed in ectopic transcription bodies, suggesting that the large transcription bodies sequester a pause release factor. Supporting this hypothesis, we find that CDK9—the kinase that releases paused polymerase II—is highly enriched in the two large transcription bodies. Overexpression of CDK9 in wild-type embryos results in the formation of ectopic transcription bodies and thus phenocopies the removal of the two large transcription bodies. Taken together, our results show that transcription bodies regulate transcription by sequestering machinery, thereby preventing genes elsewhere in the nucleus from being transcribed.
Antarctic meteorites threatened by climate warming
Authors: Tollenaar Veronica , Zekollari Harry , Kittel Christoph , Farinotti Daniel , Lhermitte Stef , Debaille Vinciane , Goderis Steven , Claeys Philippe , Joy Katherine Helen , Pattyn Frank 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMore than 60% of meteorite finds on Earth originate from Antarctica. Using a data-driven analysis that identifies meteorite-rich sites in Antarctica, we show climate warming causes many extraterrestrial rocks to be lost from the surface by melting into the ice sheet. At present, approximately 5,000 meteorites become inaccessible per year (versus ~1,000 finds per year) and, independent of the emissions scenario, ~24% will be lost by 2050, potentially rising to ∼76% by 2100 under a high-emissions scenario.
Tumour-selective activity of RAS-GTP inhibition in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Wasko Urszula N. , Jiang Jingjing , Dalton Tanner C. , Curiel-Garcia Alvaro , Edwards A. Cole , Wang Yingyun , Lee Bianca , Orlen Margo , Tian Sha , Stalnecker Clint A. , Drizyte-Miller Kristina , Menard Marie , Dilly Julien , Sastra Stephen A. , Palermo Carmine F. , Hasselluhn Marie C. , Decker-Farrell Amanda R. , Chang Stephanie , Jiang Lingyan , Wei Xing , Yang Yu C. , Helland Ciara , Courtney Haley , Gindin Yevgeniy , Muonio Karl , Zhao Ruiping , Kemp Samantha B. , Clendenin Cynthia , Sor Rina , Vostrejs William P. , Hibshman Priya S. , Amparo Amber M. , Hennessey Connor , Rees Matthew G. , Ronan Melissa M. , Roth Jennifer A. , Brodbeck Jens , Tomassoni Lorenzo , Bakir Basil , Socci Nicholas D. , Herring Laura E. , Barker Natalie K. , Wang Junning , Cleary James M. , Wolpin Brian M. , Chabot John A. , Kluger Michael D. , Manji Gulam A. , Tsai Kenneth Y. , Sekulic Miroslav , Lagana Stephen M. , Califano Andrea , Quintana Elsa , Wang Zhengping , Smith Jacqueline A. M. , Holderfield Matthew , Wildes David , Lowe Scott W. , Badgley Michael A. , Aguirre Andrew J. , Vonderheide Robert H. , Stanger Ben Z. , Baslan Timour , Der Channing J. , Singh Mallika , Olive Kenneth P. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBroad-spectrum RAS inhibition has the potential to benefit roughly a quarter of human patients with cancer whose tumours are driven by RAS mutations1,2. RMC-7977 is a highly selective inhibitor of the active GTP-bound forms of KRAS, HRAS and NRAS, with affinity for both mutant and wild-type variants3. More than 90% of cases of human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) are driven by activating mutations in KRAS4. Here we assessed the therapeutic potential of RMC-7977 in a comprehensive range of PDAC models. We observed broad and pronounced anti-tumour activity across models following direct RAS inhibition at exposures that were well-tolerated in vivo. Pharmacological analyses revealed divergent responses to RMC-7977 in tumour versus normal tissues. Treated tumours exhibited waves of apoptosis along with sustained proliferative arrest, whereas normal tissues underwent only transient decreases in proliferation, with no evidence of apoptosis. In the autochthonous KPC mouse model, RMC-7977 treatment resulted in a profound extension of survival followed by on-treatment relapse. Analysis of relapsed tumours identified Myc copy number gain as a prevalent candidate resistance mechanism, which could be overcome by combinatorial TEAD inhibition in vitro. Together, these data establish a strong preclinical rationale for the use of broad-spectrum RAS-GTP inhibition in the setting of PDAC and identify a promising candidate combination therapeutic regimen to overcome monotherapy resistance.
Maternal diabetes and risk of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in offspring in a multinational cohort of 3.6 million mother–child pairs
Authors: Chan Adrienne Y. L. , Gao Le , Hsieh Miyuki Hsing-Chun , Kjerpeseth Lars J. , Avelar Raquel , Banaschewski Tobias , Chan Amy Hai Yan , Coghill David , Cohen Jacqueline M. , Gissler Mika , Harrison Jeff , Ip Patrick , Karlstad Øystein , Lau Wallis C. Y. , Leinonen Maarit K. , Leung Wing Cheong , Liao Tzu-Chi , Reutfors Johan , Shao Shih-Chieh , Simonoff Emily , Tan Kathryn Choon Beng , Taxis Katja , Tomlin Andrew , Cesta Carolyn E. , Lai Edward Chia-Cheng , Zoega Helga , Man Kenneth K. C. , Wong Ian C. K. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPrevious studies report an association between maternal diabetes mellitus (MDM) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), often overlooking unmeasured confounders such as shared genetics and environmental factors. We therefore conducted a multinational cohort study with linked mother–child pairs data in Hong Kong, New Zealand, Taiwan, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden to evaluate associations between different MDM (any MDM, gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and pregestational diabetes mellitus (PGDM)) and ADHD using Cox proportional hazards regression. We included over 3.6 million mother–child pairs between 2001 and 2014 with follow-up until 2020. Children who were born to mothers with any type of diabetes during pregnancy had a higher risk of ADHD than unexposed children (pooled hazard ratio (HR) = 1.16, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.08-1.24). Higher risks of ADHD were also observed for both GDM (pooled HR = 1.10, 95% CI = 1.04-1.17) and PGDM (pooled HR = 1.39, 95% CI = 1.25-1.55). However, siblings with discordant exposure to GDM in pregnancy had similar risks of ADHD (pooled HR = 1.05, 95% CI = 0.94-1.17), suggesting potential confounding by unmeasured, shared familial factors. Our findings indicate that there is a small-to-moderate association between MDM and ADHD, whereas the association between GDM and ADHD is unlikely to be causal. This finding contrast with previous studies, which reported substantially higher risk estimates, and underscores the need to reevaluate the precise roles of hyperglycemia and genetic factors in the relationship between MDM and ADHD.
Single-cell RNA-sequencing of virus-specific cellular immune responses in chronic hepatitis B patients
Authors: Hatje Klas , Kam-Thong Tony , Giroud Nicolas , Saviano Antonio , Simo-Noumbissie Pauline , Kumpesa Nadine , Nilsson Tobias , Habersetzer François , Baumert Thomas F. , Pelletier Nadege , Forkel Marianne 
Published: April 2024

AbstractChronic hepatitis B (CHB) is a major global health challenge. CHB can be controlled by antivirals but a therapeutic cure is lacking. CHB is characterized by limited HBV-specific T cell reactivity and functionality and expression of inhibitory receptors. The mechanisms driving these T cell phenotypes are only partially understood. Here, we created a single-cell RNA-sequencing dataset of HBV immune responses in patients to contribute to a better understanding of the dysregulated immunity. Blood samples of a well-defined cohort of 21 CHB and 10 healthy controls, including a subset of 5 matched liver biopsies, were collected. scRNA-seq data of total immune cells (55,825) plus sorted HBV-specific (1,963), non-naive (32,773) and PD1+ T cells (96,631) was generated using the 10X Genomics platform (186,123 cells) or the full-length Smart-seq2 protocol (1,069 cells). The shared transcript count matrices of single-cells serve as a valuable resource describing transcriptional changes underlying dysfunctional HBV-related T cell responses in blood and liver tissue and offers the opportunity to identify targets or biomarkers for HBV-related immune exhaustion.
The impact of policing and homelessness on violence experienced by women who sell sex in London: a modelling study
Authors: Walker Josephine G. , Elmes Jocelyn , Grenfell Pippa , Eastham Janet , Hill Kathleen , Stuart Rachel , Boily Marie-Claude , Platt Lucy , Vickerman Peter 
Published: April 2024

AbstractStreet-based sex workers experience considerable homelessness, drug use and police enforcement, making them vulnerable to violence from clients and other perpetrators. We used a deterministic compartmental model of street-based sex workers in London to estimate whether displacement by police and unstable housing/homelessness increases client violence. The model was parameterized and calibrated using data from a cohort study of sex workers, to the baseline percentage homeless (64%), experiencing recent client violence (72%), or recent displacement (78%), and the odds ratios of experiencing violence if homeless (1.97, 95% confidence interval 0.88–4.43) or displaced (4.79, 1.99–12.11), or of experiencing displacement if homeless (3.60, 1.59–8.17). Ending homelessness and police displacement reduces violence by 67% (95% credible interval 53–81%). The effects are non-linear; halving the rate of policing or becoming homeless reduces violence by 5.7% (3.5–10.3%) or 6.7% (3.7–10.2%), respectively. Modelled interventions have small impact with violence reducing by: 5.1% (2.1–11.4%) if the rate of becoming housed increases from 1.4 to 3.2 per person-year (Housing First initiative); 3.9% (2.4–6.9%) if the rate of policing reduces by 39% (level if recent increases had not occurred); and 10.2% (5.9–19.6%) in combination. Violence reduces by 26.5% (22.6–28.2%) if half of housed sex workers transition to indoor sex work. If homelessness decreased and policing increased as occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, the impact on violence is negligible, decreasing by 0.7% (8.7% decrease-4.1% increase). Increasing housing and reducing policing among street-based sex workers could substantially reduce violence, but large changes are needed.