bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prospective evidence for a reciprocal relationship between sense of control and depressive symptoms following a flood
Authors: Stimpson Jim P. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe purpose of this research is to test a feedback loop between sense of control and depressive symptoms within the context of a flood. Prospective cohort data were gathered from 1735 individuals that assessed the respondent's state prior to experiencing a flood. Path analysis is used to test for a reciprocal association between change in sense of control and change in depressive symptoms. The flood was indirectly associated with sense of control through depressive symptoms. Sense of control was negatively associated with change in depressive symptoms, and depressive symptoms were negatively associated with change in sense of control. Experiencing a flood is associated with more depressive symptoms, which in turn may undermine the sense of control over one's life. Likewise, lower sense of control associated with a flood is related to higher depressive symptoms. A reciprocal model not only implies that sense of control and depressive symptoms may mutually affect one another, but also that stressors may indirectly affect sense of control through depressive symptoms, which could lead individuals to be more vulnerable to future stress. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Associations between physical activity and perceived stress/hassles in college students
Authors: Nguyen‐Michel Selena T. , Unger Jennifer B. , Hamilton Jeff , Spruijt‐Metz Donna 
Published: August 2006

AbstractPhysical activity is often recommended as a strategy for managing stress. Although associations among physical activity, stress, and hassles have been documented among adults and children, they have not been studied extensively in college populations. This cross‐sectional study employed an ethnically diverse sample of 814 male and female students from three types of colleges in southern California to examine the relationship between physical activity and two indices of stress. Anonymous paper‐and‐pencil questionnaires were used to assess a number of psychosocial and behavioral constructs, including perceived stress, hassles, and leisure time physical activity. Significant gender, ethnic and college differences were found in levels of physical activity, perceived stress, and hassles. Hierarchical linear models showed a significant negative relationship between physical activity and hassles. Considering the deleterious effects of stress and sedentary behavior on health, these results have implications for lifetime physical and mental health. Thus, health promotion programs for college students may benefit from incorporation of physical activity strategies to reduce stress. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Trophic effect of angiotensin II in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes: role of endothelin‐1 and non‐myocyte cells
Authors: Pönicke Klaus , Heinroth‐Hoffmann Ingrid , Becker Karin , Brodde Otto‐Erich 
Published: August 2006

Angiotensin II (AII) and the endothelins (ET) are known to be potent trophic stimuli in various cells including cardiomyocytes. In order to characterize further these effects we studied, in neonatal rat ventricular cardiomyocytes, the effects of several endothelin‐receptor antagonists and the AT1‐receptor antagonist losartan on AII‐ and endothelin‐induced inositol phosphate (IP)‐formation (assessed as accumulation of total [3H]‐IPs in myo‐[3H]‐inositol prelabelled cells) and increase in rate of protein synthesis (assessed as [3H]‐phenylalanine incorporation).
Endothelin (10 pM–1 μM) concentration‐dependently increased IP‐formation (max. increase at 100 nM ET‐1: 130±14% above basal, n=25) and [3H]‐phenylalanine incorporation (max. increase at 1 μM: 52±4% above basal, n=16) with an order of potency: ET‐1>>ET‐3. Both effects were antagonized by the ETA/ETB‐receptor antagonist bosentan and the ETA‐receptor antagonist BQ‐123, but not affected by the ETB‐receptor antagonist IRL 1038 and the AT1‐receptor antagonist losartan.
Pretreatment of the cells with 500 ng ml−1 pertussis toxin (PTX) overnight that completely inactivated PTX‐sensitive G‐proteins did not attenuate but rather enhance ET‐1‐induced IP‐formation. On the other hand, in PTX‐pretreated cardiomyocytes ET‐1‐induced [3H]‐phenylalanine incorporation was decreased by 39±5% (n=5).
AII (1 nM–1 μM) concentration‐dependently increased IP‐formation (max. increase at 1 μM: 42±7% above basal, n=16) and [3H]‐phenylalanine incorporation (max. increase at 1 μM: 29±2%, n=9). These effects were antagonized by losartan, but they were also antagonized by bosentan and BQ‐123.
In well‐defined cultures of cardiomyocytes (not contaminated with non‐myocyte cells) AII failed to increase [3H]‐phenylalanine incorporation; addition of non‐myocyte cells to the cardiomyocytes restored AII‐induced increase in [3H]‐phenylalanine incorporation.
We conclude that, in rat neonatal ventricular cardiomyocytes, (a) the ET‐1‐induced increase in rate of protein synthesis (through ETA‐receptor stimulation) involves at least two signalling pathways: one via a PTX‐insensitive G‐protein coupled to IP‐formation, and the other one via a PTX‐sensitive G‐protein, and (b) the trophic effects of AII are brought about via local ET‐1 secretion upon AT1‐receptor stimulation in neonatal rat ventricular non‐myocyte cells.

British Journal of Pharmacology (1997) 121, 118–124; doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0701084
Down‐regulation of aortic and cardiac AT1 receptor gene expression in transgenic (mRen‐2) 27 rats
Authors: Nickenig G , Laufs U , Schnabel P , Knorr A , Paul M , Böhm M 
Published: August 2006

Transgenic(TG) (mRen‐2) rats overexpressing the mouse renin gene develop fulminant hypertension and cardiac hypertrophy. Since the activation of AT1 receptor by angiotensin II is involved in blood pressure regulation, cardiac performance and myocardial growth, we investigated the biological effects of angiotensin II and the regulation of the AT1 receptor in the heart and aorta of TGR (mRen‐2)27 rats in comparison to control animals.
Contraction studies on isolated cardiac muscle strips reveal that angiotensin II exerts no positive inotropic effect on the left ventricular myocardium of both, transgenic and control rats. In contrast, angiotensin II leads via AT1 receptor activation in the left atrium of control rats to a significant contraction (130±5% of basal contraction) which is not detectable in left atrium preparations of the transgenic animals. Furthermore, AT1 receptor activation causes a profound contraction of aortic rings isolated from control rats amounting to 1.39±0.2 mN mg−1 wet weight, whereas aortic rings from TGR (mRen‐2)27 rats contract only minimally upon angiotensin II stimulation (0.2±0.02 mN mg−1 wet weight).
These altered physiological responses of angiotensin II in the transgenic rats are in part due to a marked down‐regulation of the AT1 receptor in atrial, ventricular and aortic tissue of these transgenic animals in comparison to control Sprague‐Dawley rats, as shown by radioligand binding assays and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) experiments. The AT1 receptor density Bmax in the left atrium was 1.3±0.08 fmol mg−1 protein in control rats (KD 1.1±0.18 nmol l−1) and 0.94±0.15 fmol mg−1 protein (KD 2.1±0.3 nmol l−1. In the aorta Bmax values were 15.1±0.5 fmol mg−1 protein (KD 1.9±0.27 nmol l−1) for control rats and 11.3±0.76 fmol mg−1 protein (KD 1.9±0.27 nmol l−1) for the TGR(mRen‐2)27 rats AT1 receptor mRNA was reduced in the transgenic animals to 46±3% in the left atrium, 50±11% in the left ventricle and 40±3% in the aorta, respectively.
Together, the AT1 receptor is down‐regulated in TGR (mRen‐2)27 rats in comparison to wildtype Sprague Dawley rats leading to a profoundly decreased response of cardiac and aortic tissue upon stimulation with angiotensin II.

British Journal of Pharmacology (1997) 121, 134–140; doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0701088
Purine and pyrimidine nucleotide receptors in the apical membranes of equine cultured epithelia
Authors: Ko W H , Wilson S M , Wong P Y D 
Published: August 2006

The short circuit current (ISC) technique was used to quantify electrolyte transport by equine cultured sweat gland epithelia. Adenosine 5′‐triphosphate (ATP) and certain related compounds, caused transient increases in ISC when added to the apical solution. The order of potency was uridine triphosphate (UTP)>ATP>ADP>>AMP=adenosine.
The responses to apical nucleotides were due to chloride and bicarbonate secretion and were reduced in pertussis toxin‐treated cells. P2‐receptors sensitive to uridine 5′‐triphosphate (UTP), that interact with inhibitory G proteins, therefore appear to be present in the apical membrane.
Responses to ATP and UTP were reduced in cells loaded with BAPTA, a calcium chelator. BAPTA attenuated the response to ATP more than the response to UTP suggesting that these nucleotides may not act via a common pathway.
Cross‐desensitization experiments indicated that two populations of UTP‐sensitive receptor were present. One was sensitive to UTP and ATP, whereas the second was sensitive only to UTP. Uridine diphosphate appeared to activate the ATP‐insensitive receptor population selectively.
These data suggest that apical pyrimidinoceptors may be expressed by these cells. The physiological role of these receptors is unknown but they may allow the autocrine regulation of epithelial function.

British Journal of Pharmacology (1997) 121, 150–156; doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0701093
Characterization of the prostanoid receptors mediating inhibition of PAF‐induced aggregation of guinea‐pig eosinophils
Authors: Teixeira Mauro M , Al‐Rashed Sabah , Rossi Adriano G , Hellewell Paul G 
Published: August 2006

Prostanoids induce a wide range of biological actions which are mediated by specific membrane‐bound receptors. We have recently shown that the E‐type prostaglandins, PGE1 and PGE2, effectively inhibit eosinophil aggregation induced by platelet‐activating factor (PAF). In an attempt to determine which prostanoid receptor(s) were involved, we investigated the effects of a range of selective prostanoid agonists and antagonists on eosinophil homotypic aggregation induced by PAF.
Both PGE1 and PGE2 (10−10 to 10−6 M) induced a concentration‐related inhibition of the aggregation response induced by PAF. PGE1 was more effective than PGE2 but PGE2 was slightly more potent than PGE1 (approximate IC50 values for PGE1 and PGE2 of 1.5×10−8 M and 5×10−9 M, respectively).
The EP2‐selective agonists, 11‐deoxy‐PGE1, butaprost and AH13205, and the EP2/EP3‐selective agonist, misoprostol, also inhibited PAF‐induced aggregation. The rank order of potency for EP2‐selective agonists was 11‐deoxy‐PGE1 > misoprostol > butaprost = AH13205. The protein kinase A inhibitor, KT5720 (10−6 M), reversed the inhibitory effects of 11‐deoxy‐PGE1 (10−6 M) and AH13205 (10−5 M).
The EP1/EP3‐selective agonist, sulprostone, and the EP1‐selective agonist, 17‐phenyl‐ω‐trinor PGE2, had no significant inhibitory activity when tested at concentrations up to 10−6 M. The EP4‐receptor antagonist, AH23848B, had no effect on PAF‐induced aggregation and did affect the inhibitory activity of PGE1.
The IP‐selective agonist, cicaprost (up to 10−6 M), and the IP/EP1‐receptor agonist, iloprost (up to 10−5 M), had no significant effect on PAF‐induced eosinophil aggregation. However, iloprost significantly augmented the inhibitory effects of a maximally inhibitory concentration of PGE2.
PGD2 (10−5 M) had no effect on eosinophil aggregation and the inhibitory activity of PGE1 on PAF‐induced eosinophil aggregation was not altered by the DP‐selective receptor antagonist, BWA868C.
The results presented here suggest that the inhibition of PAF‐induced eosinophil aggregation by prostanoids is mediated by the occupation of EP2‐receptors. It is important to note that the effects of naturally occuring prostanoids, such as PGE2, on eosinophil aggregation occur at low concentrations highlighting a potential role for EP2 receptors in regulating eosinophil function in vivo.

British Journal of Pharmacology (1997) 121, 77–82; doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0701107
Alteration of flow‐induced dilatation in mesenteric resistance arteries of L‐NAME treated rats and its partial association with induction of cyclo‐oxygenase‐2
Authors: Henrion Daniel , Dechaux Elsa , Dowell Fiona J , Maclour Jacques , Samuel Jane‐Lise , Lévy Bernard I , Michel Jean‐Baptiste 
Published: August 2006

We investigated the response to pressure (myogenic tone) and flow of rat mesenteric resistance arteries cannulated in an arteriograph which allowed the measurement of intraluminal diameter for controlled pressures and flows. Rats were treated for 3 weeks with NG‐nitro‐L‐arginine methyl ester (L‐NAME, 50 mg kg−1 day−1) or L‐NAME plus the angiotensin I converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) quinapril (10 mg kg−1 day−1).
Mean blood pressure increased significantly in chronic L‐NAME‐treated rats (155±4 mmHg, n=8, vs control 121±6 mmHg, n=10; P<0.05). L‐NAME‐treated rats excreted significantly more dinor‐6‐keto prostaglandin F1α (dinor‐6‐keto PGF1α), the stable urinary metabolite of prostacyclin, than control rats. The ACEI prevented the rise in blood pressure and the rise in urinary dinor‐6‐keto PGF1α due to L‐NAME.
Isolated mesenteric resistance arteries, developed myogenic tone in response to stepwise increases in pressure (42±6 to 847±10 mN mm−1, from 25 to 150 mmHg, n=9). Myogenic tone was not significantly affected by the chronic treatment with L‐NAME or L‐NAME+ACEI.
Flow (100 μl min−1) significantly attenuated myogenic tone by 50±6% at 150 mmHg (n=10). Flow‐induced dilatation was significantly attenuated by chronic L‐NAME to 22±6% at 150 mmHg (n=10, P=0.0001) and was not affected in the L‐NAME+ACEI group.
Acute in vitro NG‐nitro‐L‐arginine (L‐NOARG, 10 μM) significantly decreased flow‐induced dilatation in control but not in L‐NAME or L‐NAME+ACEI rats. Both acute indomethacin (10 μM) and acute NS 398 (cyclo‐oxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) inhibitor, 1 μM) did not change significantly flow‐induced dilatation in controls but they both decreased flow‐induced dilatation in the L‐NAME and L‐NAME+ACEI groups. Acute Hoe 140 (bradykinin receptor inhibitor, 1 μM) induced a significant contraction of the isolated mesenteric arteries which was the same in the 3 groups.
Immunofluorescence analysis of COX‐2 showed that the enzyme was expressed in resistance mesenteric arteries in L‐NAME and L‐NAME+ACEI groups but not in control. COX‐1 expression was identical in all 3 groups.
We conclude that chronic inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis is associated with a decreased flow‐induced dilatation in resistance mesenteric arteries which was compensated by an overproduction of vasodilator prostaglandins resulting in part from COX‐2 expression. The decrease in flow‐induced dilatation was prevented by the ACEI, quinapril.

British Journal of Pharmacology (1997) 121, 83–90; doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0701109
Almost automorphic solutions for semilinear boundary differential equations
Authors: Boulite S. , Maniar L. , N’Guérékata G. 
Published: August 2006

In this work, we use the extrapolation methods to study the existence and uniqueness of almost automorphic solutions to the semilinear boundary differential equation

{

x
′

(
t
)

a
m
p
;
=

A
m

x
(
t
)
+
h
(
t
,
x
(
t
)
)
,

a
m
p
;

a
m
p
;
t
∈

R

,

L
x
(
t
)

a
m
p
;
=
g
(
t
,
x
(
t
)
)
,

a
m
p
;

a
m
p
;
t
∈

R

,

\begin{equation} \tag {SBDE} \left \{ \begin {aligned} x’(t) &= A_mx(t)+h(t,x(t)), && t\in \mathbb {R}, \\ Lx(t) &= g(t,x(t)), && t\in \mathbb {R}, \end{aligned} \right . \end{equation}

where

A
:=

A
m

|

ker
⁡
L

A:=A_m|\ker L

generates a hyperbolic

C
0

C_0

-semigroup on a Banach space

X
X

and

h
,
g

h,g

are almost automorphic functions which take values in

X
X

and a “boundary space”

∂
X

\partial X

, respectively. These equations are an abstract formulation of partial differential equations with semilinear terms at the boundary, such as population equations, retarded differential equations and boundary control systems. An application to retarded differential equations is given.
On the minimum of several random variables
Authors: Gordon Y. , Litvak A. , Schütt C. , Werner E. 
Published: August 2006

For a given sequence of real numbers

a

1

,
…
,

a

n

a_{1}, \dots , a_{n}

, we denote the

k
k

th smallest one by

k

-

min

1
≤
i
≤
n

a

i

{k\mbox {-}\min } _{1\leq i\leq n}a_{i}

. Let

A

\mathcal {A}

be a class of random variables satisfying certain distribution conditions (the class contains

N
(
0
,
1
)

N(0, 1)

Gaussian random variables). We show that there exist two absolute positive constants

c
c

and

C
C

such that for every sequence of real numbers

0
>

x

1

≤
…
≤

x

n

0> x_{1}\leq \ldots \leq x_{n}

and every

k
≤
n

k\leq n

, one has
\[

c

max

1
≤
j
≤
k

k
+
1
−
j

∑

i
=
j

n

1

/

x
i

≤

E

k

-

min

1
≤
i
≤
n

|

x

i

ξ

i

|

≤
C

ln
⁡
(
k
+
1
)

max

1
≤
j
≤
k

k
+
1
−
j

∑

i
=
j

n

1

/

x
i

,

c \max _{1 \leq j \leq k}\ \frac {k+1-j}{\sum _{i=j}^n 1/x_i } \leq \mathbb E \, \, k\mbox {-}\min _{1\leq i\leq n} |x_{i} \xi _{i}| \leq C\, \ln (k+1)\, \max _{1 \leq j \leq k}\ \frac {k+1-j}{\sum _{i=j}^n 1/x_i},

\]
where

ξ
1

,
…
,

ξ
n

\xi _1, \dots , \xi _n

are independent random variables from the class

A

\mathcal {A}

. Moreover, if

k
=
1

k=1

, then the left-hand side estimate does not require independence of the

ξ
i

\xi _i

’s. We provide similar estimates for the moments of

k

-

min

1
≤
i
≤
n

|

x

i

ξ

i

|

{k\mbox {-}\min }_{1\leq i\leq n} |x_{i} \xi _{i}|

as well.
Elliptic reconstruction and a posteriori error estimates for fully discrete linear parabolic problems
Authors: Lakkis Omar , Makridakis Charalambos 
Published: August 2006

We derive a posteriori error estimates for fully discrete approximations to solutions of linear parabolic equations. The space discretization uses finite element spaces that are allowed to change in time. Our main tool is an appropriate adaptation of the elliptic reconstruction technique, introduced by Makridakis and Nochetto. We derive novel a posteriori estimates for the norms of

L
∞

⁡
(
0
,
T
;

L
2

⁡
(
Ω
)
)

\operatorname {L}_\infty (0,T;\operatorname {L}_2(\Omega ))

and the higher order spaces,

L
∞

⁡
(
0
,
T
;

H
1

⁡
(
Ω
)
)

\operatorname {L}_\infty (0,T;\operatorname {H}^1(\Omega ))

and

H
1

⁡
(
0
,
T
;

L
2

⁡
(
Ω
)
)

\operatorname {H}^1(0,T;\operatorname {L}_2(\Omega ))

, with optimal orders of convergence.
On the minimal polynomial of Gauss periods for prime powers
Authors: Gurak S. 
Published: August 2006

For a positive integer

m
m

, set

ζ

m

=
exp
⁡
(
2
π
i

/

m
)

\zeta _{m}=\exp (2\pi i/m)

and let

Z

m

∗

\textbf {Z}_{m}^{*}

denote the group of reduced residues modulo

m
m

. Fix a congruence group

H
H

of conductor

m
m

and of order

f
f

. Choose integers

t

1

,
…
,

t

e

t_{1},\dots ,t_{e}

to represent the

e
=
ϕ
(
m
)

/

f

e=\phi (m)/f

cosets of

H
H

in

Z

m

∗

\textbf {Z}_{m}^{*}

. The Gauss periods
\[

θ

j

=

∑

x
∈
H

ζ

m

t

j

x

(
1
≤
j
≤
e
)

\displaylines { \theta _{j} =\sum _{x \in H} \zeta _{m}^{t_{j}x} \;\;\; (1 \leq j \leq e) }

\]
corresponding to

H
H

are conjugate and distinct over

Q

\textbf {Q}

with minimal polynomial
\[

g
(
x
)
=

x

e

+

c

1

x

e
−
1

+
⋯
+

c

e
−
1

x
+

c

e

.

\displaylines { g(x) = x^{e} + c_{1}x^{e-1} + \cdots + c_{e-1} x + c_{e}. }

\]
To determine the coefficients of the period polynomial

g
(
x
)

g(x)

(or equivalently, its reciprocal polynomial

G
(
X
)
=

X

e

g
(

X

−
1

)
)

G(X)=X^{e}g(X^{-1}))

is a classical problem dating back to Gauss. Previous work of the author, and Gupta and Zagier, primarily treated the case

m
=
p

m=p

, an odd prime, with

f
>
1

f >1

fixed. In this setting, it is known for certain integral power series

A
(
X
)

A(X)

and

B
(
X
)

B(X)

, that for any positive integer

N
N

\[

G
(
X
)
≡
A
(
X
)
⋅
B
(
X

)

p
−
1

f

(

mod

X

N

)

\displaylines { G(X) \equiv A(X)\cdot B(X)^{\frac {p-1}{f}} \;\;\;(\textrm {mod}\;X^{N}) }

\]
holds in

Z

[
X
]

\textbf {Z}[X]

for all primes

p
≡
1
(

mod

f
)

p \equiv 1(\textrm {mod}\; f)

except those in an effectively determinable finite set. Here we describe an analogous result for the case

m
=

p

α

m=p^{\alpha }

, a prime power (

α
>
1

\alpha > 1

). The methods extend for odd prime powers

p

α

p^{\alpha }

to give a similar result for certain twisted Gauss periods of the form
\[

ψ

j

=

i

∗

p

∑

x
∈
H

(

t

j

x

p

)

ζ

p

α

t

j

x

(
1
≤
j
≤
e
)
,

\displaylines { \psi _{j} = i^{*} \sqrt {p} \sum _{x \in H} (\frac {t_{j}x}{p}) \zeta _{p^{\alpha }}^{t_{j}x} \;\;(1 \leq j \leq e),}

\]
where

(

p

)

(\frac { }{p})

denotes the usual Legendre symbol and

i

∗

=

i

(
p
−
1

)

2

4

i^{*}= i^{\frac {(p-1)^{2}}{4}}

.
Invasion of an asexual American water flea clone throughout Africa and rapid displacement of a native sibling species
Authors: Mergeay Joachim , Verschuren Dirk , Meester Luc De 
Published: August 2006

The huge ecological and economic impact of biological invasions creates an urgent need for knowledge of traits that make invading species successful and factors helping indigenous populations to resist displacement by invading species or genotypes. High genetic diversity is generally considered to be advantageous in both processes. Combined with sex, it allows rapid evolution and adaptation to changing environments.We combined paleogenetic analysis with continent-wide survey of genetic diversity at nuclear and mitochondrial loci to reconstruct the invasion history of a single asexual American water flea clone (hybridDaphnia pulex×Daphnia pulicaria) in Africa. Within 60 years of the original introduction of this invader, it displaced the genetically diverse, sexual population of nativeD. pulexin Lake Naivasha (Kenya), despite a formidable numerical advantage of the local population and continuous replenishment from a large dormant egg bank. Currently, the invading clone has spread throughout the range of native AfricanD. pulex, where it appears to be the only occurring genotype.The absence of genetic variation did not hamper either the continent-wide establishment of this exotic lineage or the effective displacement of an indigenous and genetically diverse sibling species.
Systematic review: the effectiveness of hypnotherapy in the management of irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: WILSON S. , MADDISON T. , ROBERTS L. , GREENFIELD S. , SINGH S. ,   ON BEHALF OF THE BIRMINGHAM IBS RESEARCH GROUP
Published: August 2006

SummaryAimTo systematically review the literature evaluating hypnotherapy in the management of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).MethodsElectronic databases were searched (Cochrane Library, Medline, CINAHL, AMED, Embase, PsycINFO, CISCOM, TRIP and the Social Science Citation index), bibliographic references scanned and main authors contacted. No restrictions were placed on language or publication year. Eligible studies involved adults with IBS using single‐component hypnotherapy. All studies, except single case or expert opinion, were sought and all patient‐related outcomes eligible.ResultsOut of 299 unique references identified, 20 studies (18 trials of which four were randomized, two controlled and 12 uncontrolled) and two case series were eligible. These tended to demonstrate hypnotherapy as being effective in the management of IBS. Numbers of patients included were small. Only one trial scored more than four out of eight on internal validity.ConclusionThe published evidence suggests that hypnotherapy is effective in the management of IBS. Over half of the trials (10 of 18) indicated a significant benefit. A randomized placebo‐controlled trial of high internal validity is necessary to establish the effectiveness of hypnotherapy in the management of IBS. Until such a trial is undertaken, this form of treatment should be restricted to specialist centres caring for the more severe forms of the disorder.