bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Duetting—A mechanism to strengthen pair bonds in a dispersed pair‐living primate (Lepilemur edwardsi)?
Authors: Méndez‐Cárdenas Maria G. , Zimmermann Elke 
Published: March 2009

AbstractDuetting is defined as an interactively organized pair display in which one pair partner coordinates its vocalizations in time with those of the other. It is widespread among tropical birds and cohesive pair‐living primates, in which it is suggested to strengthen pair bonds. We know very little about the presence and function of duetting in dispersed pair‐living mammals. We studied duetting behavior in a solitary foraging, but pair‐sleeping, primate, the Milne Edwards' sportive lemur, in a dry deciduous forest of north‐western Madagascar. We radio‐tracked six pairs throughout 1 year and recorded their sleeping sites and associations, home‐range use, and vocal and behavioral interactions. Three different periods were covered (mating, pregnancy, and offspring care). Sleeping partners form long‐term pair bonds, indicated by an almost exclusive pair‐specific usage of sleeping sites and home‐ranges across periods. We explored three functional hypothesis of duetting: mate reunion, pair reunion, and joint‐territorial defense. Pairs regularly engaged in duet calling. Duetting increased significantly during the offspring care period. Duetting occurred significantly more often at feeding sites than at sleeping sites. Pair partners synchronized behavioral activities after duetting. The activity most often synchronized was locomotion. Pair partners played an equal role in duetting with no difference between sexes in starting or terminating duetting. Altogether, our results provide support for the hypothesis that in dispersed pair‐living primates, duetting evolved as a mechanism to coordinate activities between pair partners dispersed in space, to strengthen pair bonds, and, perhaps, to limit infanticide and nutritional stress in lactating females. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Allosterische Schalter: Fernsteuerungen für Proteine
Authors: Berg Thorsten 
Published: March 2009

AbstractAn der langen Leine: Einen selektiven niedermolekularen Modulator für jede Domäne eines jeden menschlichen Proteins zu entwickeln, ist eine Herkules‐Aufgabe. Wäre es nicht viel einfacher, die Aktivität eines beliebigen Proteins durch Verknüpfung mit einem allgemein anwendbaren Schalterprotein indirekt zu steuern?magnified image
Pentraxins: Multifunctional proteins at the interface of innate immunity and inflammation
Authors: Deban Livija , Bottazzi Barbara , Garlanda Cecilia , de la Torre Yeny Martinez , Mantovani Alberto 
Published: March 2009

AbstractPentraxins are a family of multimeric pattern recognition proteins highly conserved in evolution. On the basis of the primary structure of the protomer, pentraxins are divided into two groups: short pentraxins and long pentraxins. C reactive protein, the first pattern recognition receptor identified, and serum amyloid P component are classic short pentraxins produced in the liver in response to IL‐6. Long pentraxins, including the prototype PTX3, are expressed in a variety of tissues. PTX3 is produced by a variety of cells and tissues, most notably dendritic cells and macrophages, in response to Toll‐like receptor (TLR) engagement and inflammatory cytokines. Through interaction with several ligands, including selected pathogens and apoptotic cells, pentraxins play a role in complement activation, pathogen recognition and apoptotic cell clearance. In addition, PTX3 is involved in the deposition of extracellular matrix and female fertility. Unlike the classic short pentraxins CRP and SAP, PTX3 primary sequence and regulation are highly conserved in man and mouse. Thus, gene targeting identified PTX3 (and presumably other members of the family) as multifunctional soluble pattern recognition receptors acting as a nonredundant component of the humoral arm of innate immunity and involved in tuning inflammation, matrix deposition, and female fertility. © 2009 International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.
Dynamics and stability of amyloid‐like steric zipper assemblies with hydrophobic dry interfaces
Authors: Vitagliano Luigi , Stanzione Francesca , De Simone Alfonso , Esposito Luciana 
Published: March 2009

AbstractRecent seminal investigations have suggested that the basic structural motif of amyloid fibers may be constituted by a tight association of two facing β‐sheets (steric zipper). Although this model has been derived from crystal structures of small peptide models, several theoretical investigations, essentially focused on steric zipper interface containing large polar and/or aromatic side chains, have confirmed the stability of this motif in a crystal‐free context. To analyze the general validity of these findings, we carried out molecular dynamics (MD) simulations on aggregates stabilized by steric zipper interfaces made also of small or hydrophobic residues. In particular, we here characterized assemblies formed by the peptides SSTSAA and VQIVYK, whose structures have been recently solved at high resolution. In contrast to previous results obtained for polar/aromatic aggregates of the same size and with similar interface area, steric zipper assemblies composed of a pair of 10‐stranded β‐sheets show high fluctuations and significant distortions in the simulation timescales (40–60 ns). Taking into account the crystal packing, the effect of the addition of an extra sheet to the assemblies was also evaluated. The MD results indicate that this addition does not provide extra‐stabilization to the pair of sheet models. Although present data do not preclude the possibility that the steric zipper association identified in the crystal structure is the basic motif of SSTSAA and VQIVYK fibers, our findings highlight the importance of the nature of residues directly involved in the motif. Indeed, polar and aromatic residues that may form intrasheet and intersheet interactions likely provide a strong contribution to the steric zipper motif stability. Along this line, assemblies endowed with hydrophobic residues presumably require larger interfaces. In line with this suggestion, MD analysis of the HET‐s(218–289) prion models composed of a similar number of strands shows that the assembly is endowed with a remarkable stability. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 91: 1161–1171, 2009.This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
Postoperative reduced dose of cisplatin concomitant with radiation therapy in high‐ risk head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Franchin Giovanni , Minatel Emilio , Politi Doriano , Gobitti Carlo , Talamini Renato , Vaccher Emanuela , Savignano Maria Gabriella , Trovo Marco , Sulfaro Sandro , Barzan Luigi 
Published: March 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:The role of low doses of cisplatin and concomitant postoperative radiotherapy in high risk head and neck squamous cell carcinoma has not yet been defined.METHODS:Patients treated with definitive surgery, who had histological evidence of involvement of more than 2 lymph nodes, extracapsular extension of disease, perineural and/or intravascular invasion, involved or close surgical margins, received postoperative radiotherapy plus 75 mg/m2 of cisplatin every 3 weeks during the radiotherapy cycle. The primary endpoints were to evaluate treatment compliance and overall, cause‐specific, and disease‐free survival.RESULTS:A total of 142 patients were enrolled. With a median follow‐up of 40 months, 5‐year overall survival was 68%, cause‐specific survival 78% and disease‐free survival 82%. At multivariate analysis surgical margins status and extracapsular lymph node invasion were the only statistically significant prognostic factors. Fifty‐three percent of the patients developed severe mucositis and 14% hematologic toxicity of grade 3. The 3 planned concomitant chemotherapy cycles were delivered to 48% of the patients.CONCLUSIONS:Postoperative radiotherapy and concomitant low‐dose cisplatin was an effective treatment in high risk head and neck patients. The total toxicity observed was lower compared with that reported with higher doses of cisplatin, although the delivery of all the 3 planned chemotherapy cycles was challenging. The distant failure rate was high, which was an unsatisfactory result. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Bleeding diathesis in patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia receiving dasatinib therapy
Authors: Quintás‐Cardama Alfonso , Kantarjian Hagop , Ravandi Farhad , O'Brien Susan , Thomas Deborah , Vidal‐Senmache Gabriela , Wierda William , Kornblau Steven , Cortes Jorge 
Published: March 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:The most frequent nonhematologic side effects associated with dasatinib therapy in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) are gastrointestinal, rash, and fluid retention syndromes. However, bleeding has been observed in some patients receiving dasatinib. In the current study, the authors investigated the risk factors and management of bleeding associated with dasatinib therapy for CML after imatinib failure.METHODS:The bleeding episodes associated with dasatinib therapy in 138 patients with CML who were consecutively treated at the study institution in clinical trials were evaluated.RESULTS:Bleeding occurred in 32 (23%) patients (grade ≥3 in 9 [7%] patients [according to National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria]), including in 12% of patients treated in chronic phase, 31% of patients treated in accelerated phase (AP), and 35% of patients treated in blast phase (BP) (P = .02). The majority of episodes (81%) affected the gastrointestinal tract. Basic coagulation studies were normal in 97% of patients who developed bleeding complications. Although 37% of episodes occurred with platelet counts >100 × 109/L, multivariate analysis identified thrombocytopenia and advanced phase CML as risk factors for bleeding. A trend toward an increased risk with a twice‒daily schedule was observed (P = .17). Management included dasatinib interruption for a median of 17 days (range, 3‐51 days) in 47%, of patients and transfusions in 72% of patients.CONCLUSIONS:Bleeding occurs during dasatinib therapy, particularly in patients with AP or BP disease and low platelet counts. Appropriate clinical monitoring and the timely interruption of dasatinib therapy are warranted in this subset of patients. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Who is watching over you? The role of shared identity in perceptions of surveillance
Authors: O'Donnell Aisling T. , Jetten Jolanda , Ryan Michelle K. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractTwo studies were conducted to investigate the role of social identity in appraisals of the purpose and acceptance of surveillance. In Study 1 (N = 112), a survey study demonstrated that there is a negative relationship between identification with one's city and the extent to which public closed circuit television (CCTV) surveillance is perceived as an invasion of privacy. This relationship was mediated by perceptions that the purpose of surveillance is to ensure safety. Study 2 (N = 139) manipulated identity salience at the sub‐group and superordinate level and the source of surveillance. Results demonstrated that surveillance originating from fellow sub‐group members was perceived as less privacy invading than surveillance originating from the superordinate group, but only when that sub‐group identity was salient. No differences in perceptions of privacy invasion were found when the more inclusive identity was made salient. We argue that whether surveillance is perceived as an invasion of privacy depends on the perceived social relationship with the source of the surveillance—surveillance is perceived as more acceptable when it originates from a group with which one identifies or shares an identity. Practical implications are discussed. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.This article was published online on 25 February 2009. An error was subsequently identified. This notice is included in the online and print versions to indicate that both have been corrected 12 January 2010.
Electroporation‐mediated IL‐12 gene therapy in a transplantable canine cancer model
Authors: Chuang Tien‐Fu , Lee Shan‐Chih , Liao Kuang‐Wen , Hsiao Ya‐Wen , Lo Chia‐Hui , Chiang Bor‐Luen , Lin Xi‐Zhang , Tao Mi‐Hua , Chu Rea‐Min 
Published: March 2009

AbstractInterleukin‐12 (IL‐12) is effective in treating many types of rodent tumors, but has been unsuccessful in most human clinical trials, suggesting that animal models of more clinical relevance are required for evaluating human cancer immunotherapy. Herein, we report on the effectiveness of gene therapy with plasmid encoding human IL‐12 (pIL‐12) through in vivo electroporation in the treatment of beagles with a canine tumor, the canine transmissible venereal tumor (CTVT). The optimal electroporation conditions for gene transfer into CTVTs were tested by luciferase activity and determined to be a voltage of 200 V and duration of 50 msec, with the number of shocks set at 10 pulses, and the use of an electrode with 2 needles. Under these conditions, intratumoral administration of as little as 0.1 mg pIL‐12 followed by electroporation significantly inhibited the growth of well‐established tumors and eventually led to complete tumor regression. Furthermore, local pIL‐12 treatment also induced a strong systemic effect that prevented new tumor growth and cured established tumors at distant locations. Intratumoral administration of pIL‐12 greatly elevated the IL‐12 level in the tumor masses, but produced only a trace amount in the serum. A high level of IFN‐gamma mRNA was also detected in the treated tumor masses. pIL‐12 gene therapy attracted significantly more lymphocytes infiltrating the tumors, including CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and the surface expression of MHC I and MHC II molecules on CTVT cells was greatly increased after pIL‐12 therapy. This treatment also induced apoptosis of the tumor cells as detected by Annexin V. More importantly, delivery of pIL‐12 with intratumoral electroporation did not result in any detectable toxicity in the dogs. We conclude that intratumoral electroporation of the pIL‐12 gene could cause profound immunologic host responses and efficiently treat CTVT in beagle dogs. The results also indicate that CTVT is an excellent large animal cancer model for testing immunogene therapies mediated by electroporation. © 2009 UICC
Proliferation and osteogenesis of immortalized bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells in porous polylactic glycolic acid scaffolds under perfusion culture
Authors: Yang Jinfeng , Cao Cheng , Wang Wei , Tong Xiangmin , Shi Dongyan , Wu Fabai , Zheng Qiang , Guo Chunjuan , Pan Zhijun , Gao Changyou , Wang Jinfu 
Published: March 2009

AbstractHuman bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are promising candidates for cell therapy and tissue engineering. However, the life span of hMSCs during in vitro culture is limited. Human telomerase catalytic subunit (hTERT) gene transduction could prolong the life span of hMSCs and maintain their potential of osteogenic differentiation. Therefore, hMSCs transduced with hTERT (hTERT‐hMSCs) could be used as a cell model for in vitro tissue engineering experiment because of its prolonged life span and normal cellular properties. A perfusion culture system for proliferation and osteogenesis of hTERT‐hMSCs or primary hMSCs in porous polylactic glycolic acid (PLGA) scaffolds is described here. A cell suspension of hTERT‐hMSCs or primary hMSCs (5 × 105 cells/250 μL) was seeded and then cultured for 12 days in porous PLGA scaffolds (10 mm in diameter, 3 mm in height) under both static and perfusion culture systems. The seeding efficiency, proliferation, distribution and viability, and osteogenesis of cells in scaffolds were evaluated. The perfusion method generated higher scaffold cellularity and proliferation of cells in scaffolds, and hTERT‐hMSCs showed the higher proliferation potential than primary hMSCs. Results from fluorescein diacetate (FDA) staining and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) demonstrated homogeneous seeding, proliferation, and viability of hTERT‐hMSCs throughout the scaffolds in the perfusion culture system. On the contrary, the static culture yielded polarized proliferation favoring the outer and upper scaffold surfaces, and resulted in decreasing of cells in the central section of the scaffolds. A flow rate of 0.5 mL/min had an effect on osteogenic differentiation of cells in scaffolds. However, the osteogenic medium promoted the osteogenic efficiency of cells. Scaffolds with hTERT‐hMSCs had the higher osteogenesis than scaffolds with primary hMSCs. Thus, these results suggest that the flow condition not only allow a better seeding efficiency and homogeneity but also facilitate uniform proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of hTERT‐hMSCs in scaffolds. hTERT‐hMSCs could be used as stem cell candidates for bone tissue engineering experiments. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2010
Dermis‐derived hydrogels support adipogenesis in vivo
Authors: Cheng Ming‐Huei , Uriel Shiri , Moya Monica L. , Francis‐Sedlak Megan , Wang Rui , Huang Jung‐Ju , Chang Shu‐Ying , Brey Eric M. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractBiomaterials that support adipogenesis could contribute to tissue engineering therapies to be used as alternatives to traditional methods of tissue reconstruction and regeneration. We have recently shown that hydrogels comprised of urea soluble proteins and polysaccharides extracted from adipose tissue promote preadipocyte differentiation in vitro and adipogenesis in vivo. However, it is not clear if these findings result from the adipose tissue source of the extracts or if the technique isolates adipogenic factors from other tissues. The present study investigates whether the application of this technique to dermis samples would provide adipogenic hydrogels. Extracts from dermis assembled into hydrogels by either temperature or pH mechanisms. Both formulations supported preadipocyte differentiation in vitro and vascularized adipose formation in vivo. The temperature formulation of the gels induced more rapid adipose formation than the pH formulation in vivo. Interestingly, in comparison to our previous studies the dermis derived hydrogels had comparable adipogenic properties to adipose gels in vivo but not in vitro. Further study of these materials could lead to insight of the role of specific matrix properties on adipogenesis. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2010
Lack of stereoselectivity in the formation of thietane 1,1‐dioxide derivatives from anancomeric aminocyclohexenes
Authors: Bradamante P. , Forchiassin M. , Pitacco G. , Russo C. , Valentin E. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractTwo diastereoisomeric thietane 1,1‐dioxides are formed in the reaction of methanesulfonyl chloride with 4‐t‐butylcyclohexanone enamines in the presence of triethylaraine. Their structures and relative chemical stabilities are discussed.
A mass spectrometric study of 1,4‐dioxa‐8‐azaspiro[4.5]decane
Authors: Solomons William E. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe mass spectrum of 1,4‐dioxa‐8‐azaspiro[4.5]decane (4‐ethylenedioxypiperidine) showed a prominent peak at m/e 87. Ethylenedioxy ketals commonly give a fragment of m/e 86 and other fragments of higher mass than 87. A mechanism for formation of a m/e 87 fragment was formulated and evidence for this mechanism and the structure of the fragment was obtained by deuterium labelling. Structures and mechanisms of formation of other major fragments were also studied.
Synthesis of 1,2′,3,3′,5′,6′‐hexahydro‐3‐phenylspiro[isobenzofuran‐1,4′‐thiopyrans] and 1,2′,3,3′,5′,6′‐hexahydro‐3‐phenylspiro‐[isobenzofuran‐1,4′‐pyrans]
Authors: Bauer Victor J. , Ong Helen H. , Kosley Raymond W. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe 1,2′,3,3′,5′,6′‐hexahydro‐3‐phenylspiro[isobenzofuran‐1,4′‐thiopyran] ring system (2a) has been prepared from o‐bromobenzoic acid. The 1,2′,3,3′,5′,6′‐hexahydro‐3‐phenylspiro[isobenzofuran‐1,4′‐pyran] ring system (3a) has been prepared from 2‐bromobenzhydrol methyl ether. Several 3‐(dimethylaminoalkyl) derivatives of both 2a and 3a were prepared by lithiation followed by alkylation.
Interactions of nitrosonium salts with crown ethers
Authors: Heo Gwi Suk , Hillman Patrick E. , Bartsch Richard A. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractInteractions of nitrosonium tetrafluoroborate and hexafluorophosphate with 18‐crown‐6, 15‐crown‐5, and 12‐crown‐4 in dichloromethane, acetonitrile, and nitromethane have been probed by a combination of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, and conductance measurements. The stoichiometrics of the crown ether‐nitrosonium salt complexes were one mole of 18‐crown‐6 per mole of nitrosonium salt and two moles of 12‐crown‐4 per mole of nitrosonium salt in all solvents. For 15‐crown‐5, the one‐to‐one stoichiometry observed in acetonitrile and nitromethane changed to two moles of crown ether per mole of nitrosonium salt in dichloromethane. The nature of these complexes is discussed. Treatment of a solution of equimolar nitrosonium hexafluorophosphate and 18‐crown‐6 in dichloromethane with water produced hydronium hexafluorophosphate‐18‐crown‐6 complex.
alpha‐phenylpropionic acid derivatives. Synthesis and dethiation of 5‐benzoylbenzo[b]thiophene‐3‐carboxylic acid
Authors: Hannoun Mohammad , Kolbah Dragutin , Blaževié Nikola , Mihalić Mladen , Kajfež Franjo 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe total synthesis of the title compound 8 started with p‐thiocresol which was acylated with oxalyl chloride to give compound 1. This product underwent a condensation reaction with chloroacetic acid under basic conditions yielding compound 2. Two different synthetic pathways were used to convert compound 2 into the title compound 8. The first consisted in decarboxylation of 2 to 3, which was then converted to the ester 4, which was brominated and the product 5 was subjected to a Friedel‐Craft's reaction with benzene. The resulting benzyl derivative 6 was oxidized to the benzoyl stage i.e. compound 7, which was finally hydrolyzed to 8. The second pathway was similar to the first one so that the steps of esterification, bromination, Friedel‐Craft's alkylation and oxidation started with the dicarboxylic acid 2. Thus compounds 12–16 were obtained, and the last product was decarboxylated to 8. The yields in both procedures were similar. Finally, the dethiation of compound 8 with Raney nickel afforded compounds 18, 19 and 20.
Polycyclic nitrogen compounds. Part I. Synthesis of new heterotricyclic quinoxalinones with bridgehead nitrogen atoms
Authors: Adegoke E. A. , Alo Babajide I. , Ogunsulire F. O. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractNew tricyclic quinoxalinone skeletons with a fully‐reduced ring ‘C’ ‐1,2,3,3a‐tetrahydropyrrolo[1,2‐α]quin‐oxalin‐4‐one (I‐II) and 7,8,9,10‐tetrahydropyrido[1,2‐α]quinoxalin‐6‐one (III‐IV) derivatives were obtained by selective hydrogen transfer reductive cyclisation of N‐(2‐nitrophenyl)pyrrolidine‐2‐carboxylic acid esters and N‐(2‐nitrophenyl)piperidine‐2‐carboxylic acid esters (VIa,b and VIIIa,b), respectively.
The synthesis of medium‐sized cyclic lactams by the intramolecular friedel‐crafts cyclization of isocyanates. Formation of novel pyrazolo[3,4‐c]benzolactams
Authors: Butler Donald E. , Alexander Susan M. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA series of 4‐ω‐phenylalkyl substituted‐1H‐pyrazol‐5‐amines has been synthesized from the corresponding α‐acetylphenylalkanenitriles and methylhydrazine. They were converted into the corresponding 5‐isocyanates and cyclized under Friedel‐Crafts conditions to medium‐sized cyclic lactams. The reaction was shown to give the 7‐, 8‐, 9‐, and 10‐membered lactams but failed to yield the 11‐membered lactam. Rings synthesized were: pyrazolo[3,4‐c][2]benzazepin‐2(1H)‐one; 10H‐pyrazolo[3,4‐c][2]benzazocin‐10‐one; pyrazolo[3,4‐c][2]benzazonin‐11(1H)‐one; 12H‐pyrazolo[3,4‐c][2]benzazocin‐12‐one.