bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IPO Pricing, Block Sales, and Long‐Term Performance
Authors: Pukthuanthong‐Le Kuntara , Varaiya Nikhil 
Published: September 2007

AbstractBlock sales following IPOs are related to the IPOs' value relative to an estimate of intrinsic value, opening‐trade return, and IPO size. Overvalued IPOs experience more block sales than undervalued IPOs. IPOs with high block sales outperform IPOs with low block sales from 20 days after IPO through lockup expiration; however, IPOs with high block sales underperform IPOs with low block sales from lockup expiration through the third year after the IPO. The results indicate that block traders are advantaged relative to other traders; whether the advantage is based on superior information or superior valuation capabilities is unknown.
Short‐ and Long‐Term Effects of Multimarket Trading
Authors: Nguyen Vanthuan , Van Ness Bonnie F. , Van Ness Robert A. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractWe analyze short‐ and long‐term effects of multimarket trading by examining the entries of multiple markets into transacting three ETFs, DIA, QQQ, and SPY. We find that large‐scale entries improve overall market quality, while small‐scale entries have ambiguous effects. Our results show that the competition effect dominates the fragmentation effect over a long horizon and that market fragmentation leads to a decline in trading costs. Further, we find that the order handling rules help mitigate the fragmentation effect and facilitate the competition effect. We do not find that multimarket trading harms price efficiency or increases price volatility.
Relationship between the presence of periodontopathic bacteria and the expression of chemokine receptor mRNA in inflamed gingival tissues
Authors: Noda D. , Hamachi T. , Inoue K. , Maeda K. 
Published: September 2007

Background and Objective:  Periodontal disease is a chronic disease characterized by the interaction between periodontopathic bacteria and the host immune response. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between periodontopathic bacteria and host immune cell infiltrates.Material and Methods:  Twenty‐two patients with chronic periodontitis were included in this study. Gingival tissues were taken at the periodontal surgery after completion of initial therapy. Three types of periodontopathic bacteria were detected by polymerase chain reaction, and the prevalence of mRNA expression of chemokine receptors was examined by reverse‐transcription–polymerase chain reaction in the gingival tissues. The infiltration of T and B cells was determined by an immunohistochemical method.Results:  In the patients, both Porphyromonas gingivalis and Tanerella forsythia were detected, and the mRNA expression of chemokine receptors CXCR1&2, CXCR4, CCR1, CCR2, CCR3 and CCR4 were more prevalent. The mean number of infiltrated B cells was significantly larger than that of T cells in the sites harboring both P. gingivalis and T. forsythia. Similarly, in the sites where P. gingivalis was detected but T. forsythia was not, the mean number of B cells was significantly larger than that of T cells. In the sites with mRNA expression of CCR2 and CCR3, the mean number of B cells was significantly larger.Conclusion:  These results suggest that a high proportion of T helper 2‐associated chemokine receptor‐positive T cells may be associated with the predominance of B cells and may play an important role in the formation of chronic periodontitis in sites where both P. gingivalis and T. forsythia are detected.
Review of extracorporeal photopheresis in early‐stage (IA, IB, and IIA) cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Miller Janine D. , Kirkland Eugene B. , Domingo Diana Santo , Scull Heather , Jekutis Bernadette , Dallas Marcia , Cooper Kevin D. , Baron Elma D. 
Published: September 2007

Background: Extracorporeal photopheresis (ECP) has been used for nearly 20 years for the treatment of cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma (CTCL). A substantial body of literature reports that this form of photoimmunotherapy improves or stabilizes the course of disease in a subset of patients across all stages. However, current clinical approach usually reserves ECP for patients who do not respond to other treatments or for patients with late‐stage disease or Sézary syndrome (SS).Methods: A comprehensive Pubmed/Medline literature search was performed to identify studies reporting the use and efficacy of ECP in early stage (IA, IB, and IIA) CTCL. Information regarding prognostic factors and survival of early‐stage patients treated with ECP was also obtained and summarized.Results: The heterogenous nature of the reports and lack of any prospective randomized trials made evaluation of response to treatment difficult. However, the current literature contains at least 124 early‐stage patients treated with ECP or ECP plus adjuvant therapy from 1987–2007 in 16 different reports. Response rates of treatment for this patient population with ECP and ECP plus adjuvant therapy varied from 33–88%.Conclusions: Given the very low side effect profile of ECP compared with other therapies and its demonstrated efficacy, this treatment modality is possibly beneficial for patients with earlier stages of CTCL. Randomized prospective studies are needed to establish the role of ECP in this disease subset.
Lung function and bronchial hyper‐responsiveness 11 years after hospitalization for bronchiolitis
Authors: Hyvärinen MK , Kotaniemi‐Syrjänen A , Reijonen TM , Korhonen K , Korppi MO 
Published: September 2007

AbstractAim: Atopic infants hospitalized for wheezing not caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) carry the highest risk for later asthma. In the present paper, early risk factors for later lung function abnormalities and for bronchial hyper‐responsiveness (BHR) were evaluated in 81 children, hospitalized for bronchiolitis in infancy, at the median age of 12.3 years.Methods: The basic data, including data on atopy in children and viral aetiology of bronchiolitis, had been collected on entry to the study at less than 2 years of age. Lung function was studied by flow‐volume spirometry (FVS), and BHR by methacholine and exercise challenge tests 11.4 years after hospitalization during infancy.Results: RSV aetiology of bronchiolitis was associated with reduced forced vital capacity (FVC; 93.65% of predicted ± 11.05 vs. 99.57%± 12.59, p = 0.009). Early sensitization to inhalant allergens (OR 12.59, 95% CI 2.30–68.77) and maternal smoking during pregnancy (OR 4.58, 95% CI 1.28–16.39) were associated with BHR to exercise, and early atopic dermatitis (OR 3.48, 95% CI 1.09–11.10) was associated with BHR to methacholine.Conclusions: RSV bronchiolitis was associated with a restrictive pattern of lung function. Early atopy and maternal smoking during pregnancy may play a role in the development and persistence of BHR.
Effect of exocrine pancreatic function on resting energy expenditure in cystic fibrosis
Authors: Moudiou T , Galli‐Tsinopoulou A , Nousia‐Arvanitakis S 
Published: September 2007

AbstractAim: To prove the hypothesis that exocrine pancreatic function determines resting energy expenditure (REE) in cystic fibrosis (CF).Method: Thirty‐eight CF individuals, 9–34 (19.98 ± 1.0) years, were divided into three groups:Six pancreatic sufficient patients (PS; group A), 21 pancreatic insufficient patients (PI), whose pulmonary function was comparable to that of group A (group B1) and 11 PI patients, whose pulmonary function was significantly worse than that of group A (group B2). REE was estimated by indirect calorimetry. Predicted REE was based on Schofield equations. Measured REE was expressed as % of the predicted. BMI, BMI z‐scores, serum albumin, cholesterol and triglycerides levels were related to REE. Results were expressed as mean ± standard error.Results: Groups B1 and B2 had significantly higher REE% (111.7 ± 2.75% and 119.94 ± 3.8, respectively) as opposed to group A (98.9 ± 3.81%; p = 0.022 and 0.035, respectively) whose REE% was similar to that predicted. REE% between group B1 and B2 was not statistically significant. In groups A, B1 and B, mean FEV1% was 86.33 ± 10.1%, 90.24 ± 4.39%, 44.54 ± 3.47%, respectively, mean BMI was 25.6 ± 2.06, 19.48 ± 0.64 and 20.09 ± 8.8, respectively, BMI z‐scores were 0.75 ± 0.51, –0.52 ± 0.24 and –1.07 ± 0.37, respectively. Significant correlation was demonstrated between REE%, BMI z‐scores and cholesterol levels in group A.Conclusion: Clinically stable CF patients, who had comparable pulmonary function, exhibited increased REE% only in the presence of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency. REE% strongly correlated with BMI z‐scores in pancreatic sufficiency. These findings support the hypothesis that pancreatic rather than pulmonary function may determine nutritional status as well as REE in CF.
The Truth About Those Little Red Lights: A Tale of Power and Poppycock
Authors: Parris Matthew 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
Leaving your electrical appliances on standby wastes-how much? Up to 10% of the electricity supply. Everyone knows that. Or is it 8%? Or 3%? Anyway, it is a lot, and the statistic has acquired a life of its own. Matthew Parris's article from The Times of July 22nd, 2006, was runner-up in the 2007 Royal Statistical Society competition for journalists writing on a statistical theme. The Chancellor he refers to, one Gordon Brown, is now, of course, the Prime Minister.
Resistance Mechanisms of Multiresistant
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Strains from Germany and Correlation with Hypermutation
Authors: Henrichfreise B. , Wiegand I. , Pfister W. , Wiedemann B. 
Published: September 2007

ABSTRACT

In this study, we analyzed the mechanisms of multiresistance for 22 clinical multiresistant and clonally different
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
strains from Germany. Twelve and 10 strains originated from cystic fibrosis (CF) and non-CF patients, respectively. Overproduction of the efflux systems MexAB-OprM, MexCD-OprJ, MexEF-OprN, and MexXY-OprM was studied. Furthermore, loss of OprD, alterations in type II topoisomerases, AmpC overproduction, and the presence of 25 acquired resistance determinants were investigated. The presence of a hypermutation phenotype was also taken into account. Besides modifications in GyrA (91%), the most frequent mechanisms of resistance were MexXY-OprM overproduction (82%), OprD loss (82%), and AmpC overproduction (73%). Clear differences between strains from CF and non-CF patients were found: numerous genes coding for aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes and located, partially in combination with β-lactamase genes, in class 1 integrons were found only in strains from non-CF patients. Furthermore, multiple modifications in type II topoisomerases conferring high quinolone resistance levels and overexpression of MexAB-OprM were exclusively detected in multiresistant strains from non-CF patients. Correlations of the detected phenotypes and resistance mechanisms revealed a great impact of efflux pump overproduction on multiresistance in
P. aeruginosa
. Confirming previous studies, we found that additional, unknown chromosomally mediated resistance mechanisms remain to be determined. In our study, 11 out of 12 strains and 3 out of 10 strains from CF patients and non-CF patients, respectively, were hypermutable. This extremely high proportion of mutator strains should be taken into consideration for the treatment of multiresistant
P. aeruginosa
.
Effect of Zinc in Enteropathogenic
Escherichia coli
Infection
Authors: Crane John K. , Naeher Tonniele M. , Shulgina Irina , Zhu Chengru , Boedeker Edgar C. 
Published: September 2007

ABSTRACT

Enteropathogenic
Escherichia coli
(EPEC) infection triggers the release of ATP from host intestinal cells, and the ATP is broken down to ADP, AMP, and adenosine in the lumen of the intestine. Ecto-5′-nucleotidase (CD73) is the main enzyme responsible for the conversion of 5′-AMP to adenosine, which triggers fluid secretion from host intestinal cells and also has growth-promoting effects on EPEC bacteria. In a recent study, we examined the role of the host enzyme CD73 in EPEC infection by testing the effect of ecto-5′-nucleotidase inhibitors. Zinc was a less potent inhibitor of ecto-5′-nucleotidase in vitro than the nucleotide analog α,β-methylene-ADP, but in vivo, zinc was much more efficacious in preventing EPEC-induced fluid secretion in rabbit ileal loops than α,β-methylene-ADP. This discrepancy between the in vitro and in vivo potencies of the two inhibitors prompted us to search for potential targets of zinc other than ecto-5′-nucleotidase. Zinc, at concentrations that produced little or no inhibition of EPEC growth, caused a decrease in the expression of EPEC protein virulence factors, such as bundle-forming pilus (BFP), EPEC secreted protein A, and other EPEC secreted proteins, and reduced EPEC adherence to cells in tissue culture. The effects of zinc were not mimicked by other transition metals, such as manganese, iron, copper, or nickel, and the effects were not reversed by an excess of iron. Quantitative real-time PCR showed that zinc reduced the abundance of the RNAs encoded by the
bfp
gene, by the plasmid-encoded regulator (
per
) gene, by the locus for the enterocyte effacement (LEE)-encoded regulator (
ler
) gene, and by several of the
esp
genes. In vivo, zinc reduced EPEC-induced fluid secretion into ligated rabbit ileal loops, decreased the adherence of EPEC to rabbit ileum, and reduced histopathological damage such as villus blunting. Some of the beneficial effects of zinc on EPEC infection appear to be due to the action of the metal on EPEC bacteria as well as on the host.
A GALLERY OF CHUA ATTRACTORS PART VI
Authors: BILOTTA ELEONORA , DI BLASI GIANPIERO , STRANGES FAUSTO , PANTANO PIETRO 
Published: September 2007

In this article, we conclude our series of papers on the analysis and visualization of Chua attractors and their generalizations. We present a gallery of 144 n-scroll, 15 hyperchaotic and 37 synchronized systems. Along with time series and FFT we provide 3D visualizations; for some attractors we also supply Lyapunov coefficients and fractal dimensions. The goal in constructing our Gallery has been to make the general public aware of the enormous variety of chaotic phenomena and to change the widespread impression that they are isolated rarities. The Gallery provides a valuable collection of images and technical data which can be used to analyze these phenomena and to reproduce them in future studies. From a scientific point of view, we have tried to identify new methodological approaches to the study of chaos, opening nontraditional perspectives on the complexity of this domain. In our papers, we have discussed a broad range of topics, ranging from techniques for visualizing Chua attractors to computational methods allowing us to make a statistical classification of attractors' positions in phase space and to describe the evolutionary processes through which their shapes change over time. We see these processes as analogous to population dynamics in artificial environments. Within these environments, we use experimental methods to identify the models which guide morphogenetic change and which organize genetic landscapes in parameter space. This paper is organized as follows. First, we provide formal descriptions of the attractors generated by n-scroll, hyperchaotic and synchronized systems. The next section describes a Gallery of Chua attractors, generated by gradually varying the parameters and analyzing the resulting bifurcation maps. We then describe software tools allowing us to perform statistical analyses on selected sets of attractors, to visualize them, to explore their organization in phase space, and to conduct experimental investigations of the morphogenetic processes through which a small set of base attractors can generate a broad range of different forms. In the last section, we describe the creation of a Virtual 3D Gallery displaying some of the attractors we have presented in our six papers. The attractors are organized by theme, as they might be in a museum. The environment allows users to explore the attractors, interact with shapes, listen to music and sounds generated by the attractors, change their spatial organization, and create new shapes. To complete the paper — and the series — we propose a number of general conclusions.
EXACT APPROXIMATIONS OF OMEGA NUMBERS
Authors: CALUDE CRISTIAN S. , DINNEEN MICHAEL J. 
Published: September 2007

A Chaitin Omega number is the halting probability of a universal prefix-free Turing machine. Every Omega number is simultaneously computably enumerable (the limit of a computable, increasing, converging sequence of rationals), and algorithmically random (its binary expansion is an algorithmic random sequence), hence uncomputable. The value of an Omega number is highly machine-dependent. In general, no more than finitely many scattered bits of the binary expansion of an Omega number can be exactly computed; but, in some cases, it is possible to prove that no bit can be computed. In this paper, we will simplify and improve both the method and correctness of the proof proposed in an earlier paper, and we will compute the exact approximations of two Omega numbers of the same prefix-free Turing machine, which is universal when used with data in base 16 or base 2: we compute 43 exact bits for the base 16 machine and 40 exact bits for the base 2 machine.
The revetment of rock slopes in the Clevedon Hills for the M5 motorway
Authors: Eyre W. A. 
Published: September 2007

1. Introduction
The route of the M5 Motorway passes to the west of Bristol, crossing the River Avon just upstream from the docks at Avonmouth. The line ultimately chosen west of the river gradually ascends the 300–400 ft (109–182 m) high Carboniferous Limestone hills of the Tickenham Ridge. The motorway passes over the crest of the hill through the Court Hill saddle at 243 ft (74·06 m) OD. Climbing the hillside the road is in a cutting with a maximum face of 100 ft (30·48 m).
At the western end of this ridge and towards the head of the Gordano Valley is a steep north facing scarp where the Carboniferous Limestone has been thrust northwards over the less resistant Pennant Series which in this area is dominantly sandstone. For a length of about 8000 ft (2438 m) between Wynhol Farm and Hill Lane the line follows the exposure of the thrust fault requiring the construction of retaining walls and other measures to revet the rock faces in both the Pennant Series and Carboniferous Limestone and to deal with cavities, fissures and problems arising from the jointing. Over the major part of this length the dip was into the hillside and the limestone was massive, but the faulting.
At the time of the preliminary feasibility soil survey in 1961, the alignment of the route was up to 1000 ft (305 m) south of the line ultimately adopted and it was not anticipated that this line sandstone was badly disturbed and brecciated
Slope stability on the Bougainville Copper Project, Papua New Guinea
Authors: Baumer A. , Searle P. J. , Tillmann V. H. 
Published: September 2007

Summary
During the evaluation and construction stages of the Bougainville Copper Project, intensive engineering geological and rock mechanical investigations were carried out to provide slope design information initially for the assessment of the economic feasibility, and later for the operation, of the mine and its facilities. This paper describes the nature and background of these investigations, the problems that have been encountered and the current studies.
Moment Equations with Maximum Entropy Closurefor Carrier Transport in Semiconductor Devices:Validation in Bulk Silicon
Authors: Anile A. M. , Muscato O. , Romano V. 
Published: September 2007

Balance equations based on the moment method for the transport of electrons in silicon
semiconductors are presented. The energy band is assumed to be described by the Kane
dispersion relation. The closure relations have been obtained by employing the maximum
entropy principle.The validity of the constitutive equations for fluxes and production terms of the
balance equations has been checked with a comparison to detailed Monte Carlo
simulations in the case of bulk silicon.
Isolation and Molecular Profiling of Bone Marrow Micrometastases Identifies TWIST1 as a Marker of Early Tumor Relapse in Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: Watson Mark A. , Ylagan Lourdes R. , Trinkaus Kathryn M. , Gillanders William E. , Naughton Michael J. , Weilbaecher Katherine N. , Fleming Timothy P. , Aft Rebecca L. 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
Purpose: Micrometastatic cells detected in the bone marrow have prognostic significance in breast cancer. These cells are heterogeneous and likely do not exhibit uniform biological behavior. To understand the molecular diversity of disseminated cancer cells that reside in bone marrow, we enriched this cell population and did global gene expression profiling in the context of a prospective clinical trial involving women with clinical stage II/III breast cancer undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
Experimental Design: Enrichment of TACSTD1 (EpCAM)–expressing cells from bone marrow of breast cancer patients was achieved using immunomagnetic beads. Gene expression profiles were compared between enriched cell populations and whole bone marrow from 5 normal volunteers and 23 breast cancer patients after neoadjuvant chemotherapy treatment. Enriched cells from bone marrow samples of breast cancer patients before treatment or at 1 year follow-up were also analyzed (total of 87 data sets). The expression of transcripts specifically detected in enriched cell populations from breast cancer patients was correlated with 1-year clinical outcome using quantitative reverse transcription-PCR in an independent cohort of bone marrow samples.
Results: Analysis of EpCAM-enriched bone marrow cells revealed specific expression of a subgroup of transcripts, including the metastasis regulator, TWIST1. Most transcripts identified, including TWIST1, were not expressed in enriched populations of bone marrow from normal volunteers, suggesting that this expression profile reflects a signature of breast cancer bone marrow micrometastases that persist after chemotherapy. In an independent set of bone marrow samples obtained before any treatment, TWIST1 expression correlated with early disease relapse.
Conclusions: Disseminated breast cancer cells present in bone marrow after chemotherapy possess unique transcriptional signatures. Genes whose expression is overrepresented in these cell populations, such as TWIST1, may prove to be excellent markers of early distant relapse in breast cancer patients.