bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mast cell growth‐enhancing activity (MEA) is structurally related and functionally identical to the novel mouse T cell growth factor P40/TCGFIII (interleukin 9)
Authors: Hültner Lothar , Druez Catherine , Moeller Jochen , Uyttenhove Catherine , Schmitt Edgar , Rüde Erwin , Dörmer Peter , van Snick Jacques 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe have previously shown that certain bone marrow‐derived mast cell (BMMC) lines proliferate in response to a mast cell growth‐enhancing activity (MEA) that is distinct from interleukin (IL) 3 and IL 4. Here we provide evidence that MEA is identical with the recently cloned mouse T cell growth factor P40. The evidence is as follows: (a) recombinant P40 displayed all the biological activities ascribed to MEA: it supported the growth of MEA‐sensitive BMMC lines, it induced IL 6 secretion by these cells, and it enhanced survival of primary mast cell cultures; (b) highly purified MEA stimulated the growth of P40‐dependent cell lines; (c) a rabbit monospecific antiserum directed against P40 specifically inhibited the action of MEA on BMMC; (d) specific binding sites for P40 were detected on BMMC and (e) MEA competed with P40 for binding to P40‐dependent T cells, indicating that the two molecules interact with the same receptor. These observations further extend the range of biological activities ascribed to P40 and warrant its proposed designation as IL 9.
Recognition of a particular HLA‐DQ heterodimer by a human γ/δ T cell clone
Authors: Bosnes Vidar , Qvigstad Erik , Lundin Knut E. A. , Thorsby Erik 
Published: March 2007

AbstractPeripheral blood mononuclear cells from a single donor were depleted of T cell receptor (TcR) α/β T cells, stimulated with allogeneic cells, and γ/δ T lymphocyte clones (TLC) were isolated by limiting dilution. Five TLC were cytotoxic against B‐lymphoblastoid cell lines from the stimulating cell donor, and demonstrated a restricted allospecificity in panel cell studies. One of these, γ/δ TLC RNG‐135, was studied in more detail. Its phenotype was CD3+ TcR α/β− TcR γ/δ+ BB3− δTCS1+ CD4− CD8−. Inhibition experiments using monoclonal antibodies indicated that the cytotoxicity of TLC RNG‐135 was mediated through the TcR γ/δ, and directed against an HLA‐DQ molecule. In extended panel cell experiments, this γ/δ TLC only lysed cells carrying the DQA1*0501 and DQB1*0301 genes, either in cis position (on the DR5, DQw7 haplotype), or in trans position (the donor of the stimulating cells, DR3,4; DQw2, w7). Thus, it appears that γ/δ T cells may recognize a particular HLA‐DQ α/β heterodimer, which may be encoded by DQA1 and B1 genes both in cis and trans position.
Reevaluation of the C3a active site using short synthetic C3a analogues
Authors: Köhl Jörg , Casaretto Monika , Gier Martina , Karwath Gabriele , Gietz Claudia , Bautsch Wilfried , Saunders Derek , Bitter‐Suermann Dieter 
Published: March 2007

AbstractIn 1980 the C‐terminal pentapeptide LGLAR (C3a 73–77) was described (Caporale, L. H. et al. J. Biol. Chem. 1980. 255: 10758) as the minimal sequence inducing a C3a‐specific activity. We have synthesized C3a‐analogue peptides connected to non‐peptidic acyl residues known to potentiate biological activity. Starting from the acylated hexapeptide fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl(Fmoc)‐aminohexanoyl(Ahx)‐ALGLAR, a related series of shorter peptides was synthesized. C3a‐specific activity was measured as ATP release from guinea pig platelets. Even the tripeptide LAR, acylated with Fmoc‐Ahx, exhibited C3a‐specific activity. With 0.34% C3a activity, it was even more potent than the native LGLAR sequence which has 0.01% activity. N‐terminal extension of the acylated tripeptide LAR by adding one to three alanines increased activity tenfold up to 3.26% (Fmoc‐Ahx‐AAALAR), while N‐terminal addition of three glycine residues (Fmoc‐Ahx‐GGGLAR) only increased activity to 0.83% of native C3a. Furthermore, a stimulus‐specific desensitization could be observed. Fmoc‐Ahx‐R and Fmoc‐Ahx‐AR exhibited neither activity nor desensitizing capacity, but the addition of four alanines to the dipeptide AR led to a sequence (Fmoc‐Ahx‐AAAAAR) with a C3a‐specific activity of 0.14%. Even arginine prolonged N‐terminally with five glycines (Fmoc‐Ahx‐GGGGGR) exhibited some C3a‐specific activity so that for biological activity only the appropriate presentation of arginine seems to be essential.
Isolation of high‐affinity murine interleukin 2 receptors as detergent‐resistant membrane complexes
Authors: Hoessli Daniel C. , Poincelet Monique , Rungger‐Brändle Elisabeth 
Published: March 2007

AbstractMurine T cells and T cell lines bearing high‐ and low‐affinity receptors for interleukin (IL) 2 were chemically cross‐linked to radiolabeled IL 2 and subjected to differential detergent extractions to evaluate the extent of IL 2 receptor association with the nonionic detergent‐resistant framework of the plasma membrane. Low‐affinity receptors were readily solubilized by nonionic detergent extraction of whole cross‐linked cells, while solubilization of high‐affinity receptors required a stronger ionic detergent suggesting their association with a membrane structure that is resistant to nonionic detergents.To achieve physical separation of low‐ and high‐affinity receptors, cells cross‐linked to 125I‐labeled IL 2 were centrifuged through a sucrose barrier containing Triton X‐100. Alternatively, Triton X‐114 extracts of plasma membrane fractions were partitioned into aqueous and detergent phases. By either approach, high‐affinity receptors differed from low‐affinity ones by their increased density and consisted of detergent‐resistant complexes containing p55‐p75 heterodimers. The low‐affinity receptors, on the contrary, were of low density and consisted exclusively of detergent‐soluble p55 subunits. High density and resistance to nonionic detergent extraction of high‐affinity IL 2 receptors suggest their integration into lateral microdomains of the detergent‐resistant framework of the plasma membrane.
Ontogeny of the humoral response to group A streptococcal carbohydrate: Class and IgG subclass composition of antibodies in children
Authors: Morell Andreas , Doran Jan E. , Skvaril Frantisek 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe determined isotypes of natural antibodies to streptococcal group A carbohydrate (A‐CHO) in sera from 101 children between 1 and 16 years of age, using a calibrated enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay system. Anti‐A‐CHO IgM could be detected in all but one sera. Median levels increased with age and were highest between 8 and 12 years. IgG antibodies were present at low concentrations up to the age of 4 years, and consisted predominantly of the IgG1 subclass. Between 4 and 8 years, concentrations of anti‐A‐CHO IgG markedly increased and median levels continued to increase through age 12–16. Anti‐A‐CHO IgG1 levels closely followed the pattern of IgG antibody concentrations. The number of IgG2 antibody positive sera was low in young children, as expected. In the 8–12 year age group and later, anti‐A‐CHO IgG2 was present in more than half of the samples, and in children between 12 and 16, medians of IgG2 and IgG1 antibodies were similar. Sera containing anti‐A‐CHO IgG3 were rare in children up to 4 years of age, but in the group of 4–8‐year‐old children, this subclass was detectable in 36% and later in up to 77% of the sera. Thus, the IgG response to A‐CHO showed a clear maturation during childhood, involving the subclasses IgG1, IgG2 and IgG3. There were no significant differences in A‐CHO levels between boys and girls.
Involvement of major histocompatibility complex class I antigens in T cell activation
Authors: Dasgupta Jai Dev , Egea Eduardo , Relias Valerie , Iglesias Antonio , Gladstone Paul , Yunis Edmond J. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractDuring the last few years ample evidence has been collected indicating a regulatory role for major histocompatibility complex class I antigens (Ag) in T cell activation. However, due to differential effects (stimulatory and inhibitory) of anti‐class I antibodies (Ab) observed under different conditions, no coherent scheme of the mechanism of action of these Ag has emerged. Here, we present evidence that the mode of action of anti‐class I Ab depends upon the presence or absence of monocytes/macrophages (MΦ) in the culture. The Ab inhibit Ag presentation by binding to MΦ. Coating of tetanus toxin ‐pulsed MΦ with anti‐class I Ab is sufficient to suppress T cell activation. On the contrary, these Ab enhance lectin‐ as well as phorbol ester‐induced T cell activation in the absence of MΦ. Cross‐linking of class I Ag on T cell surface mobilizes cytoplasmic Ca2+, and also enhances the CD3‐induced Ca2+ flux inside the cells indicating a functional relationship between CD3 and class I Ag. Though surface modulation and immunoprecipitation experiments do not indicate any physical association between these two types of molecules on the T cell surface, capping studies show that cross‐linking of class I Ag induces an association of these Ag with CD3. Binding of anti‐CD3 Ab enhances the strength of association between CD3 and class I Ag, and the former co‐caps completely with the latter. Based on these observations we propose that during antigen presentation MΦ (or Ag‐presenting cells) and T cells, besides interacting via peptide–class II Ag/CD3–T cell receptor complex formation, also interact through class I Ag. The latter interaction may stabilize the contact formation between T cells and Ag‐presenting cell and support T cell activation.
All VH11 genes expressed in peritoneal lymphocytes encode anti‐bromelain‐treated mouse red blood cell autoantibodies but other VH gene families contribute to this specificity
Authors: Poncet Pascal , Huetz François , Marcos Miguel‐Angel , Andrade Luiz 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe have studied the relationship between B cell reactivity to bromelain‐treated autologous mouse erythrocytes (BrMRBC) and expression of the VH11 gene family in splenic, peritoneal and pleuropericardial cell populations from normal C57BL/6 mice. B lymphocytes producing antibodies to BrMRBC were selectively enriched or depleted from normal populations by rosette formation with BrMRBC, followed by centrifugation over density gradients. This selection method, based on the presence of functional receptors (membrane IgM), is harmless for the cells and allowed subsequent cloning in agar (colony‐forming unit‐B). The utilization of the 10 VH gene families was then scored in mRNA colony blot assays. The analysis of > 650 anti‐BrMRBC clones and > 350 VH11‐expressing colonies indicates that about half of those antibody reactivities are encoded by VH11 genes. Furthermore, it appears that all VH11‐expressing B cells in the peritoneal cavity produce anti‐BrMRBC antibodies.
Characterization of the murine heat‐stable antigen: An hematolymphoid differentiation antigen defined by the J11d, M1/69 and B2A2 antibodies
Authors: Alterman Lesley A. , Crispe I. Nicholas , Kinnon Christine 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe heat‐stable antigen (HSA) is a marker of hematopoietic differentiation in both the B and T cell lineages. The antigen is recognized by a series of monoclonal antibodies which includes J11d, M1/69 and B2A2, and in addition YBM 5.10.4. We show here that all these antibodies recognize the same antigenic determinant which is expressed on a variably glycosylated membrane protein. Tunicamycin experiments show that the antigen is not carbohydrate in nature as it is expressed on two unglycosylated protein core molecules of molecular mass ca. 20 kDa and 17 kDa. Furthermore, the antigenic determinant appears to be lost following phosphatidylinositol‐specific phospholipase C cleavage. Although the molecular mass of HSA appears to be heterogenous on cells of different lineages, these variations in size appear to be due primarily to differences in the extent of N‐linked glycosylation, since both protein core molecules were found in all cell types investigated which express the antigen. These findings have important implications for the structure and function of this antigen and its role in hematopoietic development.
Association of a particular amino acid sequence of the HLA‐DR β1 chain with HTLV‐I‐associated myelopathy
Authors: Usuku Koichiro , Nishizawa Masatoyo , Matsuki Kazumasa , Tokunaga Katsushi , Takahashi Keikichi , Eiraku Nobutaka , Suehara Masahito , Juji Takeo , Osame Mitsuhiro , Tabira Takeshi 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAnalyses of HLA‐DRB1 gene using polymerase chain reaction and sequence‐specific oligonucleotide probes reveal that the amino acid sequence Glu‐Gln‐Arg‐Arg‐Ala‐Ala‐Val at positions 69–75 of the third hypervariable region (HVR) of HLA‐DR β1 chain is significantly associated with HTLV‐I‐associated myelopathy (HAM). Since the frequency of this sequence in HTLV‐I carriers is almost the same as that in controls from Kagoshima (an endemic area of HTLV‐I), this sequence may be related to susceptibility to HAM rather than to susceptibility to HTLV‐I infection. Since this third HVR functions as putative antigen‐binding sites and T cell recognition sites, the amino acid sequence of positions 68–73 was analyzed in detail. The analysis reveals that Gln70 and Arg71 are relevant to the occurrence of HAM.
A multiple antigen peptide from the repetitive sequence of the Plasmodium malariae circumsporozoite protein induces a specific antibody response in mice of various H‐2 haplotypes
Authors: Del Giudice Giuseppe , Tougne Chantal , Louis Jacques A. , Lambert Paul‐Henri , Bianchi Elisabetta , Bonelli Fabio , Chiappinelli Lorella , Pessi Antonello 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe major repetitive epitopes of the surface circumsporozoite (CS) protein of malaria sporozoites represent candidates for the development of subunit vaccines against malaria. However, previous experimental work has shown that repetitive peptides from the CS proteins of Plasmodium falciparum, P. vivax, P. yoelii and P. berghei are immunogenic only in mice with the H‐2b or H‐2k haplotype. This led to the conclusion that strong T helper epitopes from the non‐repetitive CS sequences were required in the design of sporozoite vaccines. In the present study, we investigated the immunogenicity in mice of a octa‐branched multiple antigen peptide (MAP) containing repeats of the CS protein of the human malaria parasite, P. malariae, [MAP8(NAAG)6], and found that mice with an H‐2b, H‐2d, H‐2k, H‐2f, H‐2q, and H‐2s haplotype produced anti‐peptide antibodies after immunization and that only H‐2r mice were nonresponsive. This antibody response, not induced in athymic H‐2b nulnu mice, was directed against the (NAAG) sequence, but not against the lysine core of the MAP construct. Finally, when covalently linked to a synthetic polymer of the repetitive (NANP) sequence of the P. falciparum CS protein, [MAPs(NAAG)6] behaved as a carrier molecule for the production of anti‐(NANP)n antibodies in H‐2d and H‐2k mice, genetically nonresponder to the (NANP)n sequence. Should this wide immunogenicity of the P. malariae CS (NAAG) repetitive sequence also apply to humans, it might be considered for the design of multivalent subunit malaria vaccines.
Anti‐immunoglobulin antibodies induce apoptosis in immature B cell lymphomas
Authors: Hasbold Jhagvaral , Klaus Gerry G. B. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWEHI‐231 and CH31 are phenotypically immature sIgM+ murine B cell lymphomas whose growth is inhibited by anti‐immunoglobulin (Ig) antibodies. These lines have therefore been used as models for studying the role of surface Ig receptors in the induction of B cell tolerance. We show here that anti‐γ antibodies induce DNA cleavage into oligonucleosomal fragments characteristic of programed cell death (apoptosis) in both cell lines, although WEHI‐231 cells are less susceptible than CH31. This effect was reversed by lipopolysaccharide, in agreement with the known effects of lipopolysaccharide on anti‐Ig‐induced growth inhibition. These results therefore indicate that these lymphomas afford a potentially interesting model to study the mechanisms of programed cell death induced by ligation of the antigen receptors on normal B cells.
Accumulation of bromodeoxyuridine‐labeled cells in central and peripheral lymphoid organs: minimal estimates of prodution and turnover rates of mature lymphocytes
Authors: Rocha Benedita , Penit Claude , Baron Christophe , Vasseur Florence , Dautigny Nicole , Freitas Antonio A. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractDaily lymphocyte prodution in both central and peripheral lymphoid organs was evaluated by associating in vivo incorporation of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd) with cell surface labeling and multi‐parameter flow analysis. At least 10% of mature T and B lymphocytes are generated every 24 h. The kinetic behavior of these cell populations differs, however, in that mature B cells are generated predominantly in the precursor compartments of the bone marrow, while most mature T cell generation occurs at the periphery. Therefore, peripheral expansion is the major mechanism of mature T cell production in the adult mouse. By following the accumulation of BrdUrd‐labeled cells in peripheral lymphoid organs we found that the progeny of the daily lymphocyte production was sufficient to renew 30%‐40% of all peripheral T and B cells every 48 h, demonstrating a high turnover rate of mature lymphocytes.We also examined the conditions of BrdUrd labeling of cycling cells in vivo. We found that while > 90% of bone marrow and thymus cells in S phase were labeled with a single injection of BrdUrd, in peripheral lymphoid compartements 70% of T and B cells in S failed to incorporate BrdUrd. Particular schedules of BrdUrd administration were required to overcome the low labeling efficiency of mature cells in vivo. Prolonged BrdUrd administration, however, had toxic effects on resident cells. The low labeling efficiency of BrdUrd incorporation by mature cells, as well as its potential toxicity during prolonged administration, may explain controversial results obtained by the different strategies used to study lymphocyte population dynamics.
Establishment of different T cell sublines using either interleukin 2 or interleukin 4 as growth factors
Authors: Schmitt Edgar , Van Brandwijk Renate , Fischer Hans‐Georg , Rüde Erwin 
Published: March 2007

AbstractPurified protein derivative reactive T cell lines were established under identical conditions with the exception that different lymphokines, namely interleukin (IL) 2 and IL 4 were employed as growth factors. IL 2 favored the development of T cell lines (LNC.2) which upon activation by concanavalin A (Con A) secreted predominantly lymphokines characteristic of TH1 cells. By contrast, T cell lines established with the aid of IL4 as growth factor (LNC.4) produced mainly lymphokines representative of TH2 cells. Apart from their pattern of lymphokine secretion LNC.2 and LNC.4 T cells were found to differ in their proliferative response to lymphokines and Con A. LNC.2 T cells proliferated only marginally in the presence of IL 4, Con A or a combination of Con A and IL 1. Furthermore, the IL 2‐dependent proliferation of LNC.2 T cells was slightly but significantly diminished by IL 4. In contrast, LNC.4 T cells showed a substantial IL 4‐induced proliferative response which was on the one hand synergistically enhanced by minimal amounts of IL 2 and, on the other hand, strongly inhibited by interferon‐γ. In addition, LNC.4 T cells displayed a strong proliferation when stimulated by low concentrations of Con A in the presence of IL 1 as co‐stimulator.
Differential expression of interleukin 1α by Thy‐1+ and Thy‐1− lung fibroblast subpopulations: Enhancement of interleukin 1α production by tumor necrosis factor‐α
Authors: Phipps Richard P. , Baecher Clare , Frelinger John G. , Penney David P. , Keng Peter , Brown Deborah 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe purpose of this investigation was to determine whether subpopulations of murine lung fibroblasts produced interleukin 1 (IL 1). We previously identified two major populations of pulmonary fibroblasts based on the presence or absence of Thy‐1. Thy‐1+ and Thy‐1− subsets synsthesize fibronectin and type I and III collagen, but only the Thy‐1− population displays class II major histocompatibility complex antigens after stimulation with interferon‐γ and presents antigen to T helper clones. Interestingly, in the current study we determined that only Thy‐1− fibroblast lines and clones synthesized IL 1. Although constitutive production was low, tumor necrosis factor ‐α (TNF‐α) stimulated 5‐20‐fold increases in IL 1 production in Thy‐1− fibroblasts. The Thy‐1+ fibroblasts did not produce IL 1 even after TNF‐α treatment. Northern blot analysis of TNF‐α treated cells revealed that in the Thy‐1− subset increased mRNA levels for IL 1α were detected, while IL 1β mRNA was not detected. Furthermore, IL 1 activity from TNF‐α‐treated Thy‐1− fibroblast membranes and supernatants was completely neutralized by IL 1α‐specific antibodies. These observations support the hypothesis that the antigen‐presenting Thy‐1− subset is important for promoting the inflammation associated with pulmonary fibrosis. In addition, the existence of functional subsets of lung fibroblasts is further substantiated by differential expression of IL 1.
Ontogenic characterization of thymic B lymphocytes. Analysis in different mouse strains
Authors: Andreu‐Sánchez Jose L. , Faro Jose , Alonso Jose M. , Paige Christopher J. , Martínez‐A. Carlos , Marcos Miguel A. R. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe have characterized a population of murine B lymphocytes present in the thymus (TBL). They are a minor subset (0.2%−1% of total thymocytes), present from perinatal periods onwards and constituted by activated cells with a high proportion of Ig‐secreting cells. They represent the first B lymphocytes detected that secrete IgG after birth. Functional analysis reveals that the frequency of lipopolysaccharide‐responding cells in TBL is 5‐ to 10‐fold lower than in the spleen. TBL from adult mice did not show any significant difference in their VH repertoire expression when compared to peripheral B lymphocytes. Further‐ more, we have been able to isolate a subpopulation of B220+IgM−CD3− thymocytes whose putative B cell precursor potential needs to be directly analyzed. These and other findings support the intrathymic resident characteristics of TBL and suggest new ways of elucidating its physiological role in the complex selective processes occurring inside the thymus.
Failure to find alloimmune memory in the resorption phenomenon of Botryllus cytomictical chimera
Authors: Rinkevich Baruch , Weissman Irving L. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractIt has been previously shown that mixed‐cell chimeras may be established between different colonies of the compound tunicate Botryllus schlosseri given that they share one allele in common on the fusibility locus. However, one of the partners in each chimera is often resorbed. Here we tested for the existence of a memory component to this response, as measured by the accelerated interval to resorption of a second set of semiallogeneic colonies. Eight genetically unrelated colonies gave rise to eighteen chimeras. After a complete resorption of the “inferior” partners in these chimeras, secondary and tertiary sets of chimeras were established with some of them by fusion of the “superior” with naive subclones of the “inferior” partners. It is shown here that (a) when multiple chimeras are prepared using the same pair of colonies, subclones of only one of the partners are resorbed; (b) high variation in the time for resorption is recorded when several chimeras are prepared from any specific pair of colonies, and (c) the time for resorption is not related to the number of vessels connecting between the partners in the chimera, nor to their relative body sizes. Allospecific memory is not documented here and reasons for its absence are discussed.