bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synergistic effects of phenolics and carotenoids on human low‐density lipoprotein oxidation
Authors: Milde Jens , Elstner Erich F. , Graßmann Johanna 
Published: July 2007

AbstractLow‐density lipoprotein oxidation is believed to play an important role in the development of atherosclerosis and therefore a high resistance of LDL against oxidation may prevent atherogenesis and accompanying disorders. Several secondary plant metabolites have been tested for their ability to prevent oxidation of LDL and many phenolics as well as carotenoids have been shown to enhance LDL oxidation resistance. We showed that the quercetingylcoside rutin is able to inhibit copper‐induced formation of conjugated dienes and loss of tryptophan fluorescence in LDL. However, enrichment of LDL with the carotenoids lutein or lycopene did not result in an alleviation of LDL oxidation. Since there is an agreement that not one antioxidant alone can lead to health benefits but the combination, as found for example in fruits and vegetables, is the active principle, we tested whether the combination of a phenolic compound (i. e. rutin) and carotenoids (i.e. lutein or lycopene) leads to synergistic effects. Both combinations were shown to exert supra‐additive protection of LDL towards oxidation, which is most likely due to different allocation of the antioxidants in the LDL‐particle and to different mechanisms of antioxidant action.
Serum testing of genetically modified soybeans with special emphasis on potential allergenicity of the heterologous protein CP4 EPSPS
Authors: Hoff Michael , Son Dae‐Yeul , Gubesch Michaela , Ahn Kangmo , Lee Sang‐Il , Vieths Stefan , Goodman Richard E. , Ballmer‐Weber Barbara K. , Bannon Gary A. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractRoundup Ready soy contains the CP4‐enolpyruvylshikimate‐3‐phosphate synthase (CP4 EPSPS) protein. Serum IgE from two distinct populations of soy‐allergic patients were recruited to determine their IgE‐binding specificity. One population consisted of 10 adult patients from Europe, whose primary diagnosis was soy food allergy with some also having mite allergy. In addition, 6 primarily mite‐allergic, 6 food‐allergic (celery, carrot, milk, shrimp, walnut, and apple), and 5 non‐allergic patients were tested. Another population consisted of 13 children from Korea, whose primary diagnosis was atopic dermatitis and secondarily soy and egg sensitization. In addition, 11 non‐allergic patients were tested. Each patient population was extensively characterized with respect to clinical symptoms, specific IgE (CAP) scores, and total IgE. Immunoblots and ELISA assays were developed using serum IgE from these patients and soy extracts, CP4 EPSPS, rice extract, ovalbumin, rubisco, purified major peanut allergen Ara h 2, the putative soy allergen Gly m Bd 30k and mite allergen Der f 2 proteins as the intended targets. Immunoblot results indicated that soy‐allergic patients bound soy extracts but did not specifically bind rubisco or CP4 EPSPS. ELISA results were in general agreement with the immunoblot results except that rubisco bound significant quantities of serum IgE from some patients. These results indicate that the CP4 EPSPS protein does not bind significant quantities of IgE from two geographically distinct sensitive populations and there is no evidence for an increased allergenic potential of this biotech protein.
Interspike interval analysis in a patient with peripheral nerve hyperexcitability and potassium channel antibodies
Authors: Kleine Bert U. , Stegeman Dick F. , Drost Gea , Zwarts Machiel J. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractNeuromyotonia or Isaacs' syndrome is a rare peripheral nerve hyperexcitability disorder caused by antibodies against potassium channels of myelinated axons. We present the high‐density surface electromyographic (EMG) recordings of a patient with fasciculations and cramps due to neuromyotonia. To characterize the time course of hyperexcitability, we analyzed the interspike intervals (ISIs) between fasciculation potentials, doublet, and multiplet discharges. ISI duration increased within each burst. The ISI histograms found can be explained by the recovery cycle of the myelinated axon and its dependency on the slow potassium conductance. We conclude that ISI analysis is a useful tool to understand the membrane dynamics underlying abnormal motor unit activity. Muscle Nerve, 2007
Cellulose acetate and polyetherimide blend ultrafiltration membranes: II. Effect of additive
Authors: Nagendran Alagumalai , Mohan Doraiswamy Raju 
Published: July 2007

AbstractUltrafiltration membranes are largely applied in the separation of heavy metal ion and macromolecular solutes from aqueous streams. Studies are presented on ultrafiltration blend membranes, based on cellulose acetate (CA) and polyetherimide (PEI) in various blend compositions. Polyethylene glycol (PEG 600) was employed as a non‐solvent additive in various concentrations to the casting solution to improve the ultrafiltration performance of the resulting membranes. The blend membranes prepared were characterized in terms of compaction time, pure water flux (PWF), water content, membrane resistance, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The molecular weight cut‐off (MWCO) obtained from the protein separation studies is also reported. Applications of these membranes for separating toxic metal ions from aqueous streams are discussed. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Polymerizability, copolymerizability, and properties of cyanoacrylate‐telechelic polyisobutylenes I: three‐arm star cyanoacrylate‐telechelic polyisobutylene
Authors: Kwon Yongmoon , Kennedy Joseph P. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis series of papers concern new materials for possible biological applications created by combining the chemistry of highly reactive cyanoacrylates (CAs) with polyisobutylene (PIB) rubbers. First, a new strategy for the synthesis of CA–telechelic PIBs is described. Subsequently, the strategy is employed for the synthesis of low viscosity (syringible) CA–telechelic three‐arm star PIB [Ø(PIB–CA)3]. The intermediates of the synthesis route are characterized by 1H NMR spectroscopy. Injecting liquid Ø(PIB–CA)3 into living tissue (fresh chicken egg) produces a bolus of crosslinked PIB rubber. The spectacular oxidative resistance of this rubber is documented by its resistance to concentrated HNO3. A structural model of the crosslinked rubber obtained upon contacting Ø(PIB–CA)3 with proteinaceous tissue is proposed. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fractures, heart failure and fears of myocardial ischaemia: has the RECORD stuck for rosiglitazone and the thiazolidinediones?
Authors: Drummond R , Fisher M 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThiazolidinediones (TZDs) are extensively prescribed worldwide to lower blood glucose levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Safety concerns regarding this class of drugs have arisen from a recently published meta‐analysis as well as an underpowered, interim report from the RECORD study group. The meta‐analysis compared treatment with rosiglitazone with other therapies for type 2 DM or placebo, and found that rosiglitazone was associated with a significant increase in the risk of myocardial infarction (MI) and a borderline‐significant finding from death from cardiovascular causes. Though the actual numbers of events were small and the methodology open to criticism, the subsequent early report of the RECORD study also suggests an increased cardiovascular risk. Moreover, the latter study corroborated with data from the previously reported DREAM, ADOPT and PROactive studies in highlighting an increased risk of fluid retention and cardiac failure. Recent data from both animal and human studies have described the detrimental effect of TZD treatment upon bone mineral density in men and women. The rosiglitazone cardiovascular safety data, however, must be considered alongside the benefits ascribed to pioglitazone treatment from the PROactive study in terms of risk reduction of the trial's secondary endpoint of all‐cause mortality, non‐fatal MI and non‐fatal stroke, as well as subsequent data from this trial group in terms of stroke and MI in high‐risk patients with type 2 DM. Further data regarding the safety profile of rosiglitazone are required prior to a definitive conclusion and it may be appropriate, for patients stable on rosiglitazone treatment, to remain on it, but the data should be considered by both the treating physician and the patient. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons.
Tolerability and safety of the intravenous immunoglobulin Octagam®: a 10‐year prospective observational study
Authors: Debes Anette , Bauer Maria , Kremer Sybille 
Published: July 2007

AbstractPurposeFollowing the approval of Octagam® in 1995, an open prospective observational cohort study has been initiated to observe the tolerability of the intravenous immunoglobulin Octagam®. This study aimed to evaluate the long‐term safety profile of Octagam® in daily use in the treatment of various primary (PID) and secondary (SID) immunodeficiencies and autoimmune diseases (AID).MethodsWithin a time period of 10 years, data were collected in 310 study sites. The treating physicians documented patient characteristics, treatment parameters and the occurrence of an adverse drug reaction (ADR) by using detailed case record forms (CRF).ResultsA total of 6357 patients of all ages received 92 958 infusions of Octagam®. ADR occurred in 4.2% of the patients and in 0.35% of all infusions. Most of them (94.8%) were classified as nonserious, the majority (90.2%) were of mild or moderate intensity. The ADR frequency differed slightly between the indication groups, for example in PID patients ADR occurred in 8.3% of patients and 0.5% of infusions, in SID patients in 5.0% of patients and 0.62% of infusions. Rigors were reported most frequently, followed by fever, headache, nausea and flush. The ADR symptoms differed between the indication groups, rigors were predominantly described in SID patients, headache in PID and AID patients including idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). A relation between the ADR frequency and elevated infusion rates or high dosages was not detected.ConclusionsThis unique 10‐year observational study demonstrates that Octagam® is well tolerated in routine clinical use with an overall ADR frequency of 0.35%. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nanohybrid material of bilateral switch based on diarylethene
Authors: Zou Ying , Xiao Shuzhang , Yi Tao , Zhang Huijun , Li Fuyou , Huang Chunhui 
Published: July 2007

AbstractAir‐stable hybrid organic–inorganic nanoparticles were prepared, comprising photochromic cationic diarylethene species intercalated in layered MnPS3 by using a microemulsion method. The prepared hybrid material exhibited typical photochromic and fluorescent switch behavior similar to that in solution. Although its response to light was less sensitive, the hybrid material reduced the effect of solvents on its photochromism, and afforded a new approach to the application of molecular switch in solid. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thermal polycondensation of sugar fluoride to form highly branched polysaccharide
Authors: Kanazawa Atsushi , Namiki Shingo , Suzuki Masato 
Published: July 2007

AbstractSugar fluorides were found to undergo powder‐to‐powder polycondensation without any catalyst at 110–160 °C under vacuum, giving highly branched polysaccharides (Conv. = 40–95%, Mw = 1400–20,000). The cross‐polarized optical microscopy at 110 °C disclosed that the crystal shape of α‐glucosyl fluoride (FGlc) was unchanged throughout the polymerization in spite of producing the amorphous polymer (Poly‐FGlc). The solid‐state post polymerization of Poly‐FGlc (Mw: 2700) at 180 °C increased the higher molecular weight (Mw: 8900). The product polysaccharide was per‐O‐methylated and subjected to structure analyses. Acid‐hydrolysis, which gave a variety of the partially O‐methylated monosaccharides, suggested that the product polysaccharides had a highly branched structure consisting of all of the possible glycosidic linkages. MALDI‐TOF mass analysis revealed that the 1,6‐anhydride terminal unit was formed and participated to the polymerization. Interestingly, α‐maltosyl fluoride hydrate (FMal·H2O) was polymerized at the lower temperature (100 °C) than the anhydrate (FMal), which required 160 °C for the polymerization. They produced different structure polymers even from the same monomer. The polymer from the former consisted of the disaccharide‐repeating unit, while the repeating unit of the polymer from the latter was the monosaccharide, which was formed by the acetal exchange reaction. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 3851–3860, 2007
Thermogelling hydrogels of poly(ε‐caprolactone‐co‐D,L‐lactide)–poly(ethylene glycol)–poly(ε‐caprolactone‐co‐D,L‐lactide) and poly(ε‐caprolactone‐co‐L‐lactide)–poly(ethylene glycol)–poly(ε‐caprolactone‐co‐L‐lactide) aqueous solutions
Authors: Jiang Zhiqiang , Deng Xianmo , Hao Jianyuan 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThermogelling poly(ε‐caprolactone‐co‐D,L‐lactide)–poly(ethylene glycol)–poly(ε‐caprolactone‐co‐D,L‐lactide) and poly(ε‐caprolactone‐co‐L‐lactide)–poly(ethylene glycol)–poly(ε‐caprolactone‐co‐L‐lactide) triblock copolymers were synthesized through the ring‐opening polymerization of ε‐caprolactone and D,L‐lactide or L‐lactide in the presence of poly(ethylene glycol). The polymerization reaction was carried out in 1,3,5‐trimethylbenzene with Sn(Oct)2 as the catalyst at various temperatures, and the yields were about 96%. The molecular weights and polydispersities (Mw/Mn) by gel permeation chromatography were in the ranges of 5140–6750 and 1.35–1.45, respectively. The differential scanning calorimetry results showed that the melting temperatures of the poly(ε‐caprolactone) components were between 30 and 40 °C. By the subtle tuning of the chemical compositions and microstructures of these triblock copolymers, the aqueous solutions underwent sol–gel transitions as the temperature increased, with the suitable lower critical solution temperature in the range of 17–28 °C at different concentrations. Transesterification in the polymerization process generated the redistribution of sequences, which remarkably affected the sol–gel transition temperature. The amphiphilic copolymers formed micelles in aqueous solutions with a diameter of 62 nm and a critical micelle concentration of about 0.032 wt % at 20 °C. Micelles aggregated as the temperature increased, leading to gel formation. The sol–gel transition was studied, with a focus on the structure–property relationship. It is expected to have potential applications in drug delivery and tissue engineering. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 4091–4099, 2007
Adaptive Control for NOx Removal in Non‐Thermal Plasma Processing
Authors: Gorry Peter A. , Whitehead J. Christopher , Wu Jinhui 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis paper presents results on NOx removal using a dielectric packed‐bed plasma reactor where the reactor energy is varied in real time to optimise NOx removal. An automated system has been developed using computer‐control with an industry standard software package, a multifunction DAQ card, on‐line fast FTIR spectroscopy and adaptive PID algorithms. The automatic control system has demonstrated real‐time control of plasma conditions which minimises the input energy for NO conversion for a range of input NO concentrations. The dependence of [NO]out on deposited energy density has been used to create a multidimensional response surface for NO destruction. This, in turn, has been used to create a fully validated process control model of the entire reactor‐FTIR‐adaptive PID system.magnified image
Ge/Si Quantum Dot Formation From Non‐Uniform Cluster Fluxes
Authors: Rider Amanda E. , Levchenko Igor , Ostrikov Kostya , Keidar Michael 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe controlled growth of ultra‐small Ge/Si quantum dot (QD) nuclei (≈1 nm) suitable for the synthesis of uniform nanopatterns with high surface coverage, is simulated using atom‐only and size non‐uniform cluster fluxes. It is found that seed nuclei of more uniform sizes are formed when clusters of non‐uniform size are deposited. This counter‐intuitive result is explained via adatom‐nanocluster interactions on Si(100) surfaces. Our results are supported by experimental data on the geometric characteristics of QD patterns synthesized by nanocluster deposition. This is followed by a description of the role of plasmas as non‐uniform cluster sources and the impact on surface dynamics. The technique challenges conventional growth modes and is promising for deterministic synthesis of nanodot arrays.magnified image
Comparison between peak expiratory flow and FEV1 measurements on a home spirometer and on a pneumotachograph in children with asthma
Authors: Brouwer Alwin F.J. , Roorda Ruurd Jan , Brand Paul L.P. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractBackgroundThe accuracy of electronic portable home spirometers has been demonstrated in vitro using computer‐based waveforms. We assessed the agreement in vivo between measurements of lung function on an electronic spirometer (Koko Peak Pro) and those obtained by the gold standard, a hospital lung function laboratory pneumotachograph.MethodsFifty stable asthmatic children (33 boys), aged 6–17 years, performed peak expiratory flow (PEF) and forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1) measurements according to international guidelines on a portable home spirometer and on the hospital pneumotachograph in random order. All measurements complied to standard quality criteria. The PEF and FEV1 values recorded with the home spirometer and on the hospital pneumotachograph were compared.ResultsAll children performed reproducible high‐quality measurements on both spirometers. PEF values on the home spirometer were considerably lower than on the laboratory pneumotachograph (95% CI for difference in PEF 14–30 L/min; P < 0.0001). Individual differences in PEF between the two devices could be >100 L/min. The FEV1 values were slightly, but significantly, lower on the home spirometer (95% CI for difference in FEV1 0.02–0.1 L; P = 0.0018).ConclusionsA home spirometer provides reproducible and quality acceptable measures in children with asthma when performed under professional supervision and encouragement. Mean PEF and FEV1 values recorded on this home spirometer are significantly lower than those on a hospital pneumotachograph, and individual differences may be large. Therefore, home spirometry may not be interchanged with pneumotachography in a lung function laboratory. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2007; 42:813–818. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A preliminary study of the baboon prostate pathophysiology
Authors: Mubiru James N. , Hubbard Gene B. , Dick Edward J. , Butler Stephanie D. , Valente Anthony J. , Troyer Dean A. , Rogers Jeffrey 
Published: July 2007

AbstractBACKGROUNDProstate cancer, benign prostatic hyperplasia, and prostatitis frequently affect men worldwide. At present there are no suitable animal models for these diseases. This study explores the potential use of the baboon as a model for prostatic diseases.METHODSProstates of 48 baboons of different ages were studied. Prostate specific antigen (PSA) and alpha‐methyl‐acyl‐CoA racemase (AMACR) were localized in the different lobes of the prostate by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. PSA in baboon serum was demonstrated by radioimmunoassay and western blotting. Baboon AMACR cDNA was cloned and its expression assayed in baboon tissues.RESULTSThe baboon prostate is anatomically and histologically similar to its human counterpart, with cranial and caudal lobes corresponding to central and peripheral zones of the human prostate. We found lymphocytic infiltration (91%), and sclerosing/atrophic lesions (34%). PSA tissue immunostaining intensity and alpha‐methyl‐acyl‐CoA racemase (AMACR) gene expression levels differed between the cranial and caudal lobes of the prostate. The cloned baboon AMACR cDNA showed 96% homology with its human counterpart. Anti‐human AMACR, PSA and basal keratin antibodies stained intracellular and basement membrane structures in the baboon prostate. The sclerosing/atrophic lesions were comparable to their human counterparts.CONCLUSIONSThe similarity of baboon prostate to its human counterpart and the fact that human antibodies (AMACR, PSA, basal keratin) are reactive to baboon prostatic proteins indicates that the baboon is a promising model for human prostatic diseases. Prostate 67: 1421–1431, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Assessing model accuracy using the homology modeling automatically software
Authors: Bhattacharya Aneerban , Wunderlich Zeba , Monleon Daniel , Tejero Roberto , Montelione Gaetano T. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractHomology modeling is a powerful technique that greatly increases the value of experimental structure determination by using the structural information of one protein to predict the structures of homologous proteins. We have previously described a method of homology modeling by satisfaction of spatial restraints (Li et al., Protein Sci 1997;6:956–970). The Homology Modeling Automatically (HOMA) web site, <http://www‐nmr.cabm.rutgers.edu/HOMA>, is a new tool, using this method to predict 3D structure of a target protein based on the sequence alignment of the target protein to a template protein and the structure coordinates of the template. The user is presented with the resulting models, together with an extensive structure validation report providing critical assessments of the quality of the resulting homology models. The homology modeling method employed by HOMA was assessed and validated using twenty‐four groups of homologous proteins. Using HOMA, homology models were generated for 510 proteins, including 264 proteins modeled with correct folds and 246 modeled with incorrect folds. Accuracies of these models were assessed by superimposition on the corresponding experimentally determined structures. A subset of these results was compared with parallel studies of modeling accuracy using several other automated homology modeling approaches. Overall, HOMA provides prediction accuracies similar to other state‐of‐the‐art homology modeling methods. We also provide an evaluation of several structure quality validation tools in assessing the accuracy of homology models generated with HOMA. This study demonstrates that Verify3D (Luthy et al., Nature 1992;356:83–85) and ProsaII (Sippl, Proteins 1993;17:355–362) are most sensitive in distinguishing between homology models with correct or incorrect folds. For homology models that have the correct fold, the steric conformational energy (including primarily the Van der Waals energy), MolProbity clashscore (Word et al., Protein Sci 2000;9:2251–2259), and the PROCHECK G‐factors (Laskowski et al., J Biomol NMR 1996;8:477–486) provide sensitive and consistent methods for assessing accuracy and can distinguish between homology models of higher and lower accuracy. As demonstrated in the accompanying paper (Bhattacharya et al., accompanying paper), combinations of these scores for models generated with HOMA provide a basis for distinguishing low from high accuracy models. Proteins 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cell growth inhibitory action of an unusual labdane diterpene, 13‐epi‐sclareol in breast and uterine cancers in vitro
Authors: Sashidhara Koneni V. , Rosaiah Jammikuntla N. , Kumar Abdhesh , Bid Hemant K , Konwar Rituraj , Chattopadhyay Naibedya 
Published: July 2007

AbstractIn the course of our studies on the isolation of bioactive compounds from the roots of Coleus forskohlii, a traditional herb in India, rare 13‐epi‐sclareol has been isolated, and its structure determined by extensive 2D NMR. This is the first report of isolation from this plant. The isolated compound showed antiproliferative activity in breast and uterine cancers in vitro. The antiproliferative activity of 13‐epi‐sclareol is comparable to Tamoxifen in terms of IC50 and also showed concentration dependent increased apoptotic changes in the breast cancer cell line, MCF‐7. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.