bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New Secoiridoid Glucosides from Swertia japonica
Authors: Kikuchi Masafumi , Kakuda Rie , Yaoita Yasunori , Kikuchi Masao 
Published: July 2008

AbstractFour new secoiridoid glucosides, swertiajaposides C–F (1–4, resp.), were isolated from the whole plant of Swertia japonica Makino together with two known compounds, 8‐hydroxy‐10‐hydrosweroside (5) and senburiside IV (6). The structures of 1–4 were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic, chemical, and physicochemical evidence.
Decanedioic Acid (C10H18O4)/Dodecanedioic Acid (C12H22O4) System: Polymorphism of the Components and Experimental Phase Diagram
Authors: Ventolà Lourdes , Bayés Laura , Benages Raül , Novegil‐Anleo Francisco Javier , Cuevas‐Diarte Miquel Ángel , Calvet Teresa , Mondieig Denise 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe experimental temperature/composition phase diagram of the binary system decanedioic acid (C10H18O4)/dodecanedioic acid (C12H22O4) was established by combining X‐ray powder diffraction (XRD), differential‐scanning calorimetry (DSC), infrared spectroscopy (IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and thermo‐optical microscopy (TOM). Both compounds crystallize in the same ordered form, C (P21/c), which is the phase that melts in both cases. The C form melts in C12H22O4 earlier than in C10H18O4, in contrast to other unbranched‐chain compounds (alkanes, alkanols, and alkanoic acids) in which the melting temperatures increase as the C‐atom number rises. Contrary to what might be expected, total solid‐state miscibility is not observed. The C10H18O4/C12H22O4 binary system shows a complex phase diagram. At low temperatures, a new monoclinic form, Ci (P21/c), stabilizes as a result of the disorder of composition in the mixed samples; two [C+Ci] domains appear. Upon heating, four solid–solid and seven solid–liquid domains appear related by eutectic and peritectic invariants. All the crystallographic forms observed are isostructural.
Crystal Structure of Garciniaphenone and Evidences on the Relationship between Keto–Enol Tautomerism and Configuration
Authors: Martins Felipe T. , Camps I. , Doriguetto Antônio C. , dos Santos Marcelo H. , Ellena Javier , Barbosa Luiz C. A. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractGarciniaphenone (=rel‐(1R,5R,7R)‐3‐benzoyl‐4‐hydroxy‐8,8‐dimethyl‐1,7‐bis(3‐methylbut‐2‐en‐1‐yl)bicyclo[3.3.1]non‐3‐ene‐2,9‐dione; 1), a novel natural product, was isolated from a hexane extract of Garcinia brasiliensis fruits. The crystal structure of 1 as well as the selected geometrical and configurational features were compared with those of known related polyprenylated benzophenones. Garciniaphenone is the first representative of polyprenylated benzophenones without a prenyl substituent at C(5). Notably, the absence of a 5‐prenyl substituent has an impact on the molecular geometry. The tautomeric form of 1 in the solid state was readily established by a residual‐electronic‐density map generated by means of a difference Fourier analysis, and there is an entirely delocalized six‐membered chelate ring encompassing the keto–enol moiety. The configuration at C(7) was used to rationalize the nature of the keto–enol tautomeric form within 1. The intermolecular array in the network is maintained by nonclassical intermolecular H‐bonds.
Substituted Pyrazolo[3,4‐d]pyrimidines: Microwave‐Assisted, Solvent‐Free Synthesis and Biological Evaluation
Authors: Oliveira‐Campos Ana M. F. , Sivasubramanian Aravind , Rodrigues Lígia M. , Seijas Julio A. , Pilar Vázquez‐Tato M. , Peixoto Francisco , Abreu Carlos G. , Cidade Honorina , Oliveira Ana Elizabete , Pinto Madalena 
Published: July 2008

AbstractA simple and efficient method has been developed for the synthesis of various pyrazolo[3,4‐d]pyrimidines by using microwave irradiation under solvent‐free conditions. The advantages of applying microwave irradiation compared with the classical method were demonstrated. The structures of all the compounds were confirmed by the usual techniques and, in two cases, by X‐ray analysis. The compounds did not display appreciable ability to inhibit xanthine oxidase activity. Screening for antifungal activity showed that some derivatives were active against four fungi, with more significant results for Botrytis.
Xylocosides A – G, Phenolic Glucosides from the Stems of Xylosma controversum
Authors: Xu Zheng‐Ren , Chai Xing‐Yun , Bai Chang‐Cai , Ren Hong‐Yan , Lu Ya‐Nan , Shi Hai‐Ming , Tu Peng‐Fei 
Published: July 2008

AbstractSeven new phenolic glucosides, xylocosides A–G (1–7), together with 18 known compounds were isolated from the stems of Xylosma controversum Clos. In compounds 3–6, the glucose residue is esterified at C(6) by 2‐hydroxycyclopentanecarboxylic acid. These new structures were established by spectroscopic‐data interpretation and chemical methods.
Replication competent Semliki Forest virus prolongs survival in experimental lung cancer
Authors: Määttä Ann‐Marie , Mäkinen Kimmo , Ketola Anna , Liimatainen Timo , Yongabi Felicitas Newu , Vähä‐Koskela Markus , Pirinen Risto , Rautsi Outi , Pellinen Riikka , Hinkkanen Ari , Wahlfors Jarmo 
Published: July 2008

AbstractWe evaluated the therapeutic potential of the replication competent vector VA7‐EGFP, which is based on the avirulent Semliki Forest virus (SFV) strain A7 (74) carrying the EGFP marker gene in an orthotopic lung cancer tumor model in nude mice. We have previously shown that this oncolytic vector destroys tumor cells efficiently in vitro and in vivo (in subcutaneous tumor model). Tumor growth in animals with orthotopically implanted adenocarcinoma cells (A549) were monitored during the study with small animal CT. We show that locally administered virotherapy with VA7‐EGFP increased survival rate in experimental lung cancer significantly (p < 0.001) comparable to results obtained with the second generation conditionally replicating adenoviral vector Ad5‐Δ24TK‐GFP, used for comparison. The limited efficacy in systemically administered oncolytic viruses is the essential problem in oncolytic virotherapy and also in this study we were not able to elicit significant response with systemic administration route. Despite the fact that tumor microenvironment in orthotopic lung cancer is more optimal, viruses failed to home to the tumors and were unable to initiate efficient intratumoral replication. Clearly, the efficacy of virotherapy is influenced by many factors such as the route of virus administration, immunological and physiological barriers and cancer cell–specific features (IFN‐responsiveness). © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The role of body weight in the relationship between physical activity and endometrial cancer: Results from a large cohort of US women
Authors: Patel Alpa V. , Feigelson Heather Spencer , Talbot Jeffrey T. , McCullough Marjorie L. , Rodriguez Carmen , Patel Roshni C. , Thun Michael J. , Calle Eugenia E. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractFactors influencing circulating estrogen levels, insulin‐mediated pathways or energy balance through obesity‐related mechanisms, such as physical activity, have been proposed as potential risk factors for endometrial cancer. We examined measures of physical activity in relation to endometrial cancer risk in the American Cancer Society Cancer Prevention Study II Nutrition Cohort, a prospective study of cancer incidence and mortality, using information obtained at baseline in 1992. From 1992 to 2003, 466 incident endometrial cancers were identified among 42,672 postmenopausal women with intact uteri who were cancer‐free at enrollment. Cox proportional hazards modeling was used to compute hazard rate ratios (RR) while adjusting for potential confounders. To assess the role of body mass index (BMI) in this relationship, we computed multivariate RR with and without adjustment for BMI and stratifying by BMI. All measures of physical activity and the avoidance of sedentary behavior were associated with lower endometrial cancer risk. Baseline recreational physical activity was associated with 33% lower risk (RR = 0.67, 95% CI 0.44–1.03 for 31.5+vs. <7 MET‐hr/week, trendp= 0.007) in the multivariate model without BMI. However, the trend was attenuated after further adjustment for BMI (trendp= 0.18). BMI significantly modified the association between physical activity and endometrial cancer risk (heterogeneity of trendsp= 0.01). The inverse relationship was seen only among overweight or obese women (trendp= 0.003) and not in normal weight women (trendp= 0.51). In summary, light and moderate physical activity including daily life activities were associated with lower endometrial cancer risk in our study, especially among women who are overweight or obese. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Body mass index and cancer risk in Korean men and women
Authors: Jee Sun Ha , Yun Ji Eun , Park Eun Jung , Cho Eo Rin , Park Il Su , Sull Jae Woong , Ohrr Heechoul , Samet Jonathan M 
Published: July 2008

AbstractObesity is associated with diverse health risks, but the role of body weight (BMI) as a risk factor for all and site‐specific cancers remains controversial and risks for cancer associated with obesity have not been well‐characterized in Asians. Body weight and risk for cancer were examined in a 14‐year prospective cohort study of 1,213,829 Koreans aged 30–95 years insured by the National Health Insurance Corporation who had a biennial medical evaluation in 1992–1995. Incidence rates for all cancers and site‐specific cancers were examined in relation to BMI. Age‐ and smoking‐status adjusted hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were examined using the Cox proportional hazards model. For both sexes, the average baseline BMI was 23.2 kg/m2, and the association of risk for all‐cancers with BMI was positive. Obese men (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) were at increased risk for developing the following cancers: stomach (1.31, 1.05–1.64), colon (1.42, 1.02–1.98), liver (1.63, 1.27–2.10) and gallbladder (1.65, 1.11–2.44). Obese women (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) were at increased risk for developing liver cancer (1.39, 1.00–1.94), pancreatic cancer (1.80, 1.14–2.86) and breast cancer among women aged ≥50 years old (1.38, 1.00–1.90). The HRs were comparable in never and ever smokers for all cancers and all specific sites except for lung cancer. For all cancers common to both sexes, the association was significantly weaker (p< 0.01) in females. Our study provides further confirmation of the excess cancer risk associated with obesity. Rising obesity in Asian populations raises concern that increasing numbers of avoidable cancer cases will occur among Asians. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cyclin E in centrosome duplication and reduplication in sea urchin zygotes
Authors: Schnackenberg Bradley J. , Marzluff William F. , Sluder Greenfield 
Published: July 2008

AbstractWhen protein synthesis is completely blocked from before fertilization, the sea urchin zygote arrests in first S phase and the paternal centrosome reduplicates multiple times. However, when protein synthesis is blocked starting in prophase of first mitosis, the zygote divides and the blastomeres arrest in a G1‐like state. The centrosome inherited from this mitosis duplicates only once in each blastomere for reasons that are not understood. The late G1 rise in cyclin E/cdk2 kinase activity initiates centrosome duplication in mammalian cells and its activity is needed for centrosome duplication in Xenopus egg extracts. Since the half‐time for cyclin E turnover is normally ∼1 h in sea urchin zygotes, the different behaviors of centrosomes during G1 and S phase arrests could be due to differential losses of cyclin E and its associated kinase activities at these two arrest points. To better understand the mechanisms that limit centrosome duplication, we characterize the levels of cyclin E and its associated kinase activity at the S phase and G1 arrest points. We first demonstrate that cyclin E/cdk2 kinase activity is required for centrosome duplication and reduplication in sea urchin zygotes. Next we find that cyclin E levels and cyclin E/cdk2 kinase activities are both constitutively and equivalently elevated during both the S phase and G1 arrests. This indicates that centrosome duplication during the G1 arrest is limited by a block to reduplication under conditions permissive for duplication. The cytoplasmic conditions of S phase, however, abrogate this block to reduplication. J. Cell. Physiol. 217: 626–631, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dimensional soft tissue thermal injury analysis using transmission line matrix (TLM) method
Authors: Bellia S. Aliouat , Saidane A. , Benzohra M. , Saiter J. M. , Hamou A. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe skin is sensitive to temperature change and the effect may not be significant while the temperature at the surface is below 44°C. However, higher surface temperatures (above 44°C) will further incur time burning and carbonization so that irreversible damage may happen. An investigation of the heating intensity and the duration of the exposure to the heating source suggested that when the surface temperature is greater than 51°C, the exposure time required to destroy the epidermis is so short that trans‐epidermal necrosis may occur. In this paper, we present one‐ and two‐dimensional numerical models based on transmission line matrix (TLM) method for a quantitative prediction of skin burn injury resulting from the exposure of the skin surface to a high temperature heat source. Transient temperatures are numerically estimated by solving the Pennes' bioheat equation, and the damage function denoting the extent of burn injury is calculated using the Arrhenius assumptions for protein damage rate. The TLM model is used to analyse the effects of exposure time and geometrical dimensions of mutlilayered skin, on the transient temperature distribution and damage extension. TLM results showed good agreement with other numerical sources, suggesting that TLM modelling can be used as a tool for an effective thermal diagnostic of burn injuries. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Exposure dating and reinterpretation of coarse debris accumulations (‘rock glaciers’) in the Cairngorm Mountains, Scotland
Authors: Ballantyne Colin K. , Schnabel Christoph , Xu Sheng 
Published: July 2008

AbstractRelict rock glaciers have considerable potential for contributing to palaeoclimatic reconstruction, but this potential is often undermined by lack of dating control and problems of interpretation. Here we reinvestigate and date four proposed ‘rock glaciers’ in the Cairngorm Mountains and show that the morphology of only one of these appears consistent with that of a true rock glacier produced by creep of underlying ice or ice‐rich sediment. All four features comprise rockslide or rock avalanche runout debris, and the possibility that all four represent unmodified runout accumulations cannot be discounted. Surface exposure dating of the four debris accumulations using cosmogenic 10Be produced uncertainty‐weighted mean ages of 15.4 ± 0.8 ka, 16.2 ± 1.0 ka, 12.1 ± 0.6 ka and 12.7 ± 0.8 ka. All four ages imply emplacement under cold stadial conditions, two prior to the Windermere Interstade of ca. 14.5–12.9 cal. ka BP and two during the Loch Lomond Stade of ca. 12.9–11.5 cal. ka BP. The above ages indicate that paraglacial rock‐slope failure on granite rockwalls occurred within a few millennia after deglaciation. The mean exposure ages obtained for runout debris at two sites – Strath Nethy (16.2 ± 1.0 ka) and Lairig Ghru (15.4 ± 0.8 ka) – are consistent with basal radiocarbon ages from Loch Etteridge, 22 km to the southwest (mean = 15.6 ± 0.3 cal. ka BP) and imply widespread deglaciation of the Cairngorms and adjacent valleys before 15 ka and possibly 16 ka. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Polyamide 11/Poly(vinylidene fluoride) Blends as Novel Flexible Materials for Capacitors
Authors: Li Rui , Xiong Chuanxi , Kuang Dongliang , Dong Lijie , Lei Youan , Yao Junlong , Jiang Ming , Li Liubin 
Published: July 2008

AbstractA novel capacitor with high dielectric constant (ε) has been developed by blending poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) with polyamide (PA11). The blends show high dielectric constants (εblend = 40), which give better frequency stability (1 MHz), and excellent mechanical properties. Based on certain volume fractions, the measured dielectric constants (εblend) were found to exceed those of the corresponding polymers, in contrasted to conventional composites, where εpolymerA < εcomposite < εpolymerB. SEM investigations suggest that the enhanced dielectric behavior originates from significant interfacial polymer‐polymer interactions. DSC and XRD demonstrate that blending PA11 with PVDF affects the crystalline behavior of each component. However, the PA11/PVDF blends exhibit a slightly high dielectric loss (tanδ ≈ 0.17), which is a great disadvantage to a capacitor. Adding a copolymer of styrene and maleic anhydride decreased the dielectric loss (tanδ ≈ 0.057) and increased the dielectric constant (εblend = 60). Our findings suggest that the high‐ε polymeric blends created represent a novel type of material that is flexible and easy to process, of relatively high dielectric constant, of high breakdown strength and, moreover, is suited to applications in flexible electronics.magnified image
Synthesis and Absorption Spectra of n‐Type Conjugated Polymers Based on Perylene Diimide
Authors: Huo Lijun , Zhou Yi , Li Yongfang 
Published: July 2008

AbstractTwo novel n‐type conjugated polymers based on perylene diimide (PDI), poly(PDI‐vinylene) (PDIV), and poly(PDI‐thienylene) (PDITh), have been designed and synthesized by the Stille coupling reaction. In comparison with the PDI monomer (compound M1), PDIV and PDITh films show a significantly broad absorption band from 380 to 720 nm, and a narrower bandgap of ≈1.71 and 1.74 eV, respectively. Cyclic voltammograms of the two polymers display a couple of reversible reduction/re‐oxidation (n‐doping/dedoping) peaks. The onset reduction (n‐doping) potentials of PDIV and PDITh are at −0.62 V and −0.66 V versus Ag/Ag+ respectively, which correspond to the electron affinities (EAs) of 4.09 eV for PDIV and 4.05 eV for PDITh. The EA values of the two polymers are the highest among the n‐type conjugated polymers reported to date. The results indicate that PDIV and PDITh could be used as polymer acceptors in all polymer solar cells.magnified image
Proteomic analysis of ubiquitinated proteins in normal hepatocyte cell line Chang liver cells
Authors: Tan Fengwei , Lu Lifang , Cai Yun , Wang Jinglan , Xie Yunfei , Wang Lin , Gong Yanhua , Xu Bing‐e , Wu Jun , Luo Ying , Qiang Boqin , Yuan Jiangang , Sun Xiaoqing , Peng Xiaozhong 
Published: July 2008

AbstractPost‐translational modification by ubiquitin (Ub) and Ub‐like modifiers is one of the most important mechanisms regulating a wide range of cellular processes in eukaryotes. Through mediating 26S proteasome‐dependent degradation of substrates, the covalent modification of proteins by multiple Ub (ubiquitination) can regulate many different cellular functions such as transcription, antigen processing, signal transduction and cell cycle. To better understand ubiquitination and its functions, proteomic approaches have been developed to purify and identify more protein substrates. The S5a subunit of the 26S proteasome binds to poly‐Ub chains containing four or more Ub. In this study, immobilized GST‐S5a fusion protein was used to affinity‐purify ubiquitinated proteins from Chang liver cells. The purified proteins were then identified with multi‐dimensional LC combined with MS/MS. Eighty‐three potential ubiquitination substrates were identified. From these proteins, 19 potential ubiquitination sites on 17 potential substrates were determined. These potential ubiquitination substrates are mainly related to important cellular functions including metabolism, translation and transcription. Our results provide helpful information for further understanding of the relationship between ubiquitination machinery and different cell functions.
Differential proteomic analysis of bovine conceptus fluid proteins in pregnancies generated by assisted reproductive technologies
Authors: Riding George A. , Hill Jonathan R. , Jones Alun , Holland Michael K. , Josh Peter F. , Lehnert Sigrid A. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractProteomic analysis of bovine conceptus fluid proteins during early pregnancy has the potential to expose protein species indicative of both the overall health of the fetal‐maternal environment and fetal developmental status. In this study, we examined the differential abundance of bovine conceptus fluid proteins (5–50 kDa fraction) from naturally conceived, in vitro fertilisation (IVF) and somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT)‐derived pregnancies at days 45 and 90 of gestation. In day 45 allantoic fluid (AllF) samples, an atypical cluster of low molecular weight (∼14–16 kDa), low pI (between 3.0 and 4.5 pH units) protein species was increased in three of four IVF samples (30–100‐fold increase in protein spot volumes compared to normal). These proteins were identified as paralogs of the bovine cathelicidin antimicrobial protein (CAMP) by MALDI‐TOF MS peptide mass fingerprint and MALDI‐TOF MS/MS peptide sequence analysis. Peptidoglycan recognition protein and serine (or cysteine) proteinase inhibitor clade B1, were also significantly increased in the corresponding IVF samples. In two of four SCNT AllF samples, a 2–10‐fold increase in CAMP protein spot volumes were detected. No aberrant abundance levels of individual protein species were observed in amniotic fluid samples, or in day 90 IVF AllF samples. Identification of unique protein species present in the normal bovine AllF proteome at day 45 is also reported.
2‐D DIGE analyses of enriched secretory lysosomes reveal heterogeneous profiles of functionally relevant proteins in leukemic and activated human NK cells
Authors: Schmidt Hendrik , Gelhaus Christoph , Nebendahl Melanie , Lettau Marcus , Watzl Carsten , Kabelitz Dieter , Leippe Matthias , Janssen Ottmar 
Published: July 2008

AbstractAs part of the innate immune system, natural killer (NK) cells detect and lyse tumor and virus‐infected cells without prior antigen‐dependent recognition and expansion. To this end, they utilize dual‐function organelles that combine properties of conventional lysosomes and exocytotic vesicles. Upon stimulation, these secretory lysosomes (SLs) release their cytotoxic molecules into the immunological synapse. In addition, several molecules associated with secretory vesicles become exposed on the plasma membrane. Recent studies often took advantage of the few established NK cell lines, for instance to analyze the exocytotic machinery associated with NK cell vesicles. NK cell lines and primary NK cells differ, however, substantially in the expression of “typical” surface receptors and their requirements to induce target cell lysis. Here, we directly compared the lysosomal compartments of different NK cell populations. We enriched SLs of two leukemic cell lines (YTS and NKL) and IL‐2‐expanded NK cells by subcellular fractionation and characterized their proteome by 2‐D difference gel electrophoresis and MS. Although the overall protein composition of the lysosomal preparations was very similar and more than 90% of the proteins were present at comparable levels, we define a cell line‐specific setup of functionally relevant proteins involved in antigen presentation and cytotoxic effector function.