bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Petite syntaxe de la « peur ». Application au français et à l'allemand
Authors: Bresson Daniel , Dobrovolski Dimitri Olegovitch 
Published: November 2007

D. Bresson & D. Dobrovol'skij
Working for the argument structure (the case frame) of the superordinate predicate "fear", the authors of this article show how the constructions of the various phrases coming under this general heading (wether based on a verb, a noun or an adjective) are realized at surface structure level. They end with a comparison with similar phrases in german/
Synthesis and study of new radial organic/inorganic hybrid epoxides
Authors: Herr Donald , Chaplinsky Sharon , Romanelli Anthony L. , Zadjura Richard 
Published: November 2007

AbstractA new approach to the synthesis of reactive organic/inorganic hybrid molecules was developed. Alternating hydrocarbon and siloxane segments were introduced into the arms of radial oligomers using hydrosilation chemistry. Cycloaliphatic and glycidyl epoxy‐terminal systems with bisphenol A‐based aromatic hydrocarbon cores and siloxane units derived from 1,1,3,3‐tetramethyldisiloxane were synthesized and fully characterized (molecules 7 and 6, respectively). The cationic UV and thermal curing behavior of these two new radial hybrid epoxies was investigated using photo‐ and thermal‐ differential scanning calorimetry. Hybrid cycloaliphatic epoxy 7 exhibited good UV curing kinetics and photopolymerized to high conversion. The glycidyl analog 6 exhibited poor UV curing kinetics, but was readily cured using 2‐ethyl‐4‐methylimidazole as a nucleophilic curing agent. Both hybrid epoxysiloxanes exhibited extensive thermal cationic cure. The physical properties of cured films of the two new radial epoxysiloxanes were studied and compared with various commercially available hydrocarbon and siloxane benchmark materials. The cured systems exhibited lower moisture uptake and better thermal stability than most hydrocarbon epoxies examined. Several visually compatible blends of the new hybrid molecules with common hydrocarbon resins were identified, and in general organic compatibility was found to be intermediate among selected siloxane‐containing benchmarks. Molecules 6 and 7 represent progress towards the goal of synthesizing highly functional organic/inorganic hybrid molecules which combine the best attributes of both hydrocarbon epoxides and siloxane materials. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Water soluble poly(ethylene glycol) prodrug of silybin: Design, synthesis, and characterization
Authors: Zhang Peng , Ye Hai , Min Tao , Zhang Can 
Published: November 2007

AbstractSilybin, the main component of silymarin, is an antihepatotoxic agent. But it presents numerous challenges associated with its poor aqueous solubility which has been realized as the major problem in its dosage form development and clinical application. The objective of our study was to solubilize silybin by designing and synthesizing its aqueous soluble prodrug using high aqueous soluble polymeric carrier—poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG). A novel soluble silybin prodrug was synthesized with a linear PEG and succinic ester linkage, and was extensively characterized using proton NMR, FTIR, and TOF‐MS. Furthermore, the prodrug was evaluated for its drug loading capability which was 6.65% and the solubility was 800 mg/mL. The results indicate significantly higher solubility of the prodrug in comparison with silybin. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Removal of sodium acetate in poly(vinyl alcohol) and its quantification by 1H NMR spectroscopy
Authors: Shin Junhwa , Kim Yunhye , Lim Youn Mook , Nho Young Chang 
Published: November 2007

AbstractA major impurity in poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) is sodium acetate which remains after its preparation by a base catalyzed hydrolysis of poly(vinyl acetate), and the amount of sodium acetate in commercial PVA samples may reach several percentages. To establish an optimal condition for the removal of sodium acetate, several washing parameters such as washing period, solvent polarity, and temperature were investigated in this study. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was successfully applied to determine the residual amounts of sodium acetate in the purified poly(vinyl alcohol). The relative integral value for the methyl peak of sodium acetate in PVA was converted to a relative mass value and finally to the sodium acetate content contained in PVA. The results showed that over 95% of sodium acetate in PVA was removed by a washing of PVA with distilled water within 2 h. When methanol was used as a washing solvent, a higher temperature than room temperature was required for an effective removal of sodium acetate. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Training scenario prototyping for VR‐based simulation of neonatal decision‐making
Authors: Holobar A. , Divjak M. , Korošec D. , Zazula D. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThis paper presents the design and implementation of a real‐time system for virtual reality (VR)‐based training in neonatal medicine, with main emphasis on simple creation of various training scenarios. This system combines an articulated 3D model of a virtual newborn with text‐based descriptions of its physiological and behavioral responses, enabling medical experts to easily construct, simulate and revise an arbitrary postnatal critical situation. Afterwards, the resulting descriptions of newborn's behavior can be used for technical specifications (and even for automatic generation) of more complex behavioral models, such as finite‐state automata. © 2007 wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 15: 317–328, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com); DOI 10.1002/cae.20121
Roe linearization for the Euler equations augmented by the convective terms from the k–ω turbulence model
Authors: Joarder Ratan , Jagadeesh G. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThis paper describes the method of calculation of the eigenvalues, eigenvectors of the Jacobian matrix of the Euler equations augmented by the convective part of k–ω turbulence model. The equations are 3D and values are expressed in terms of cell normals of a finite volume. The expressions for wave strengths are also found, which are also necessary to calculate the inter‐cell fluxes for Roe's scheme. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adhesion of staphylococcal and Caco‐2 cells on diamond‐like carbon polymer hybrid coating
Authors: Kinnari Teemu J. , Soininen Antti , Esteban Jaime , Zamora Nieves , Alakoski Esa , Kouri Vesa‐Petteri , Lappalainen Reijo , Konttinen Yrjö T. , Gomez‐Barrena Enrique , Tiainen Veli‐Matti 
Published: November 2007

AbstractStaphylococci cause the majority of the nosocomial implant‐related infections initiated by adhesion of planktonic bacteria to the implant surface. It was hypothesized that plasma accelerating filtered pulsed arc discharge method enables combination of the advantageous properties of diamond with the antisoiling properties of polymers. Diamond‐like carbon polytetrafluoroethylene hybrid (DLC‐PTFE‐h) coating was produced. The adhesion of S. aureus ATCC 25923 (108 colony‐forming units/mL) to surfaces diminished from 2.32%, 2.35%, and 2.57% of high quality DLC, titanium, and oxidized silicon, respectively, to 1.93% of DLC‐PTFE‐h. For S. epidermidis ATCC 35984 the corresponding figures were 3.90%, 3.32%, 3.47%, and 2.57%. Differences in bacterial adhesion between recombinant DLC‐PTFE‐h and other materials were statistically significant (p < 0.05). In contrast, human Caco‐2 cells adhered as well to DLC‐PTFE‐h as to DLC, titanium, or silicon, which were all in the MTT test found to be cytocompatible. DLC‐PTFE‐h coating can be used to modify the surface properties of any surgical implants and is an unfavorable substrate for staphylococcal cells, but compatible with human Caco‐2 cells. DLC‐PTFE‐h coating may help in the combat against Staphylococcus‐related implant infections which usually require both antibiotics and surgical removal of the implant for cure. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 2008
Ultrastructure of hybrid chitosan–glycerol phosphate blood clots by environmental scanning electron microscopy
Authors: Iliescu M. , Hoemann C.D. , Shive M.S. , Chenite A. , Buschmann M.D. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractChitosan‐based polymers have been extensively studied for biomedical applications. Recently, liquid solutions of chitosan in a glycerol phosphate buffer (chitosan–GP) with physiological pH and osmolality were mixed with autologous blood to form hybrid chitosan–GP/blood implants that improved the repair of articular cartilage lesions in a large animal model. The mixture of chitosan–GP and blood forms a viscous liquid, which solidifies in minutes via normal blood coagulation as well as chitosan‐mediated mechanisms. Here we have examined the ultrastructure of these chitosan–GP/blood clots as well as regular blood clots and chitosan–GP gels, the latter produced by heating. Both unfixed and fixed samples of chitosan–GP/blood clots, regular blood clots, and chitosan–GP gels were investigated by environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) in conjunction with energy dispersive X‐ray spectrometry (EDS), the former permitting direct observation of the ultrastructure in hydrated conditions simulating the natural state. By examination of unfixed specimens using ESEM we found that chitosan formed a network structure in both chitosan–GP gels and chitosan–GP/blood clots; however this structure was altered by aldehyde fixation to produce artifactual aggregates of chitosan microparticles. We were also able to identify chitosan in chitosan–GP/blood clots by washing samples in low concentration NaCl solutions followed by local EDS analyses to identify excess chloride versus sodium, and thus presence of cationic chitosan in analyzed features. Additional results indicated that the majority of glycerol phosphate diffuses freely from chitosan–GP gels (by EDS of phosphorus) and that hyperosmotic paraformaldehyde‐based fixatives (i.e. 4% w/v) significantly disturb erythrocyte morphology in fixed whole blood clots. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of growth factors and steroids on transglutaminase activity and expression in primary astroglial cell cultures
Authors: Campisi A. , Bramanti V. , Caccamo D. , Li Volti G. , Cannavò G. , Currò M. , Raciti G. , Galvano F. , Amenta F. , Vanella A. , Ientile R. , Avola R. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractType‐2 transglutaminase (TG‐2) is a multifunctional enzyme involved in the regulation of cell differentiation and survival that recently has been shown to play an emerging role in astrocytes, where it is involved in both proliferation and differentiation processes. Growth factors (GFs) such as EGF, basic fibroblast growth factor, insulin‐like growth factor–I (IGF‐I), and insulin (INS) are trophic and mitogenic peptides that participate in neuron–glia interactions and stimulate neuronal and astroglial proliferation and differentiation. Steroid hormones such as glucocorticoids and estrogens also play a pivotal role in neuronal and astroglial proliferation and differentiation and are key hormones in neurodegenerative and neuroprotective processes. We investigated the effects of the interaction of GFs with dexamethasone (DEX) or 17β‐estradiol (E2) on TG‐2 activity and their expression in cultured astrocytes. We observed a significant increase in TG‐2 activity and expression in astroglial cells treated for 24 hr with IGF‐I, EGF, or INS. Priming of the cells with DEX or E2, for 48 hr also led to an increase in TG‐2 levels. When growth factors were present in the last 24 hr of the steroid treatment, a reduction in TG‐2 expression and activity and a different subcellular TG‐2 distribution were found. Our data indicate that steroid hormone–GF interaction may play an important role in astroglial function. The effect on TG‐2 could be part of the regulation of intracellular pathways associated with the astrocyte response observed in physiological conditions and, possibly, also in neuropathological diseases. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Bmi‐1 expression predicts prognosis for patients with gastric carcinoma
Authors: Liu Jian‐Hua , Song Li‐Bing , Zhang Xing , Guo Bao‐Hong , Feng Yan , Li Xue‐Xian , Liao Wen‐Ting , Zeng Mu‐Sheng , Huang Kai‐Hong 
Published: November 2007

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveThe Bmi‐1 gene is a transcriptional repressor involved in oncogenesis in various human cancers. Here, we examine Bmi‐1 expression in gastric carcinoma (GC) and investigates whether its expression correlates with patient prognosis.MethodsImmunohistochemistry was performed using an anti‐Bmi‐1 antibody on primary tumor samples of 146 cases of GC. The association between Bmi‐1 expression and the clinicopathological status and prognosis of GC patients was statistically analyzed. Furthermore, reverse transcription‐PCR (RT‐PCR) and Western blotting were performed to determine the expression levels of Bmi‐1 in an additional 8 GC and the adjacent non‐cancerous samples.ResultsUsing immunohistochemistry, we found that 99 of 146 paraffin‐embedded GC samples expressed Bmi‐1 extensively. Statistical analysis showed that Bmi‐1 overexpression was highly correlated with tumor size, clinical stage, lymph node metastasis and T classification (P < 0.05), Patients with Bmi‐1 expression had shorter overall survival time than those without Bmi‐1 expression (P < 0.01). Multivariate analysis indicated that Bmi‐1 expression is an independent prognostic factor of GC. RT‐PCR and Western blotting showed that Bmi‐1 was up‐regulated at both the transcriptional and translational levels in the GC tissues compared with the adjacent non‐cancerous tissues.ConclusionsBmi‐1 may serve as a valuable marker for diagnosis and prognosis of GC. J. Surg. Oncol. 2008;97:267–272. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Paradoxical depolarization of BA2+‐ treated muscle exposed to low extracellular K+: Insights into resting potential abnormalities in hypokalemic paralysis
Authors: Struyk Arie F. , Cannon Stephen C. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe combination of sarcolemmal depolarization and hypokalemia exhibited by the different forms of hypokalemic paralysis has been attributed to abnormalities of the K+ conductance governing the resting membrane potential (VREST). Supportive data have been observed in muscle fibers biopsied from patients with familial hypokalemic periodic paralysis (HypoPP) that paradoxically depolarize at low K+. Although this observation is consistent with anomalous K+ conductance, rigorous experimental support is lacking. To establish a foundation for understanding the pathophysiology of hypokalemic paralysis, we studied Ba2+‐treated muscle fibers under voltage clamp. As anticipated, Ba2+ blocked inward rectifying K+ (IRK) currents, and thereby promoted depolarization, supporting the notion that the IRK conductance governs VREST. The IRK conductance also declined when muscle was challenged with reduced external K+. When the external K+ declined below 1 mM, VREST became uncoupled from the K+ reversal potential and depolarized. Partial (∼50%) block of the IRK conductance with Ba2+ potentiated this uncoupling threshold, such that depolarization could be elicited by exposure to 2 mM external K+. A quantitative computer model of resting ionic conductances was constructed, and simulations demonstrated that small alterations to resting conductances, such as adding a low‐amplitude aberrant inward current flowing through “gating pores” in mutant Na+ channels causing HypoPP‐2, can promote paradoxical depolarization in low K+. These findings offer a simple explanation for some of the heretofore poorly understood physiological abnormalities of HypoPP muscle and support the notion that pathological gating pore leakage currents may directly predispose to paralytic attacks. Muscle Nerve, 2007
Technical note: An improved range chart for normal and long‐tailed symmetrical distributions
Authors: Tadikamalla Pandu , Banciu Mihai , Popescu Dana 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe distribution of the range of a sample, even in the case of a normal distribution, is not symmetric. Shewhart's control chart for range and other approximations for range from skewed distributions and long‐tailed (leptokurtic) symmetrical distributions assume the distribution of range as symmetric and provide 3 sigma control limits. We provide accurate approximations for the R‐chart control limits for the leptokurtic symmetrical distributions, using a range quantile approximation (RQA) method and illustrate the use of the RQA method with a numerical example. As special cases, we provide constants for the R‐chart for the normal, logistic, and Laplace distributions. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2008
Mycoplasma pneumonia and pulmonary embolism in a child due to acquired prothrombotic factors
Authors: Brown Sarah M.N. , Padley Simon , Bush Andrew , Cummins David , Davidson Simon , Buchdahl Roger 
Published: November 2007

AbstractWe report on a child with Mycoplasma pneumonia, who developed an unexplained new oxygen requirement. He was found to have an ileo‐femoral thrombosis and an acute pulmonary embolus, with positive anti‐phospholipid antibodies and acquired activated protein C resistance. These are both acquired risk factors for venous thrombosis. He was successfully anti‐coagulated and well at follow‐up with disappearance of the anti‐phospholipid antibodies, and normalization of his activated protein C activity. Children who present with Mycoplasma infections who run an atypical course should be monitored closely for signs of thrombosis. Thrombosis formation should also be considered in those children with deteriorating respiratory status, but little change in radiographical findings. Children found to have developed thrombi should be investigated with a full thrombophilia screen to elicit both congenital and acquired risk factors, and should be anti‐coagulated appropriately. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2008; 43:200–202. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Rationale and design of a randomised, controlled, multicenter trial investigating the effects of selective serotonin re‐uptake inhibition on morbidity, mortality and mood in depressed heart failure patients (MOOD‐HF)
Authors: Angermann Christiane E. , Gelbrich Götz , Störk Stefan , Fallgatter Andreas , Deckert Jürgen , Faller Hermann , Ertl Georg ,   on behalf of the MOOD‐HF Investigators
Published: November 2007

AbstractBackgroundDepression and chronic heart failure (CHF) are common conditions, both of which are clinically and economically highly relevant. Major depression affects 20–40% of CHF patients and predicts adverse outcomes in terms of quality of life, morbidity and mortality as well as health care expenditure, independent of other factors of prognostic relevance.AimsThe purpose of the MOOD‐HF trial is to clarify whether antidepressant pharmacotherapy improves outcome in CHF patients, and if so by which mechanism(s).MethodsMOOD‐HF is a prospective, randomised, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, 2‐armed, parallel‐group multicenter trial investigating the effects of the serotonin re‐uptake inhibitor (SSRI) escitalopram on morbidity and mortality (primary endpoint), severity of depression, anxiety, cognitive function, quality of life and health care expenditure in 700 patients with symptomatic systolic CHF and major depression diagnosed by structured clinical interview. All patients will receive optimised pharmacotherapy for CHF. Duration of follow‐up, including close safety monitoring, is 12–24 months from randomisation.PerspectiveMOOD‐HF is the first prospective randomised controlled trial to assess the effects of antidepressant pharmacotherapy on hard somatic endpoints, the mechanism(s) of action of SSRI treatment, as well as safety in New York Heart Association functional class II‐IV CHF patients. The results are expected to promote the development of evidence‐based recommendations for managing depression in the context of CHF.Trial registrationISRCTN.org. Identifier: ISRCTN33128015
Specific structure of convection currents in the system layered intrusion–feeding conduit–parental magma chamber
Authors: Bazarov L.Sh. , Gordeeva V.I. , Petrushin E.I. 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
The structure of convection currents was experimentally studied in the model system layered intrusion–feeding conduit–parental magma chamber. Persistent hydrodynamical and thermophysical interaction between interrelated melts of the parental magma and intrusive body occurs through the feeding conduit. Being associated, they control the structure of convection currents and mechanisms of heat and mass transfer in the intrusive, conduit, and magma chamber. The existence of two convection countercurrents in the conduit has experimentally been established: inner central lifting jet and outer annular downward current along the conduit walls. At the top of the conduit, the downward current has the lowest temperature and appears to be quite in equilibrium with the earlier precipitated crystals. Moving downward along the conduit wall, the annular descending current interacts with the lifting jet and, as a result, becomes hotter and undersaturated relative to the crystals that formed before. Thus, there is no possibility for heterogeneous crystallization to occur on the walls of conduit. The experimentally simulated mechanism of melt interaction in a whole natural system rules out the possibility of formation of a zone of immobile melt with stable steady-state temperature stratification anywhere in the chamber’s volume.
Modelling development time of Lipaphis erysimi (Hemiptera: Aphididae) at constant and variable temperatures
Authors: Liu Shu-Sheng , Meng Xue-Duo 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe development period from birth to adult of virginoparae of the turnip aphid, Lipaphis erysimi (Kaltenbach), at 14 constant, 15 alternating and 15 natural temperature regimes were modelled to determine mathematical functions for simulating aphid development under a wide range of natural conditions. The day-degree model, the logistic equation, and the Wang model were used to describe the relationships between temperature and development rate at constant and alternating temperatures. The three models were then used with a Weibull function describing the distribution of development times, to simulate the development of individuals of cohorts at natural temperature regimes. Comparison of the observed with simulated distributions of adult emergence indicates that all three models can simulate the development of L. erysimiequally well when temperature does not go below 6°C (the notional low temperature threshold of the day-degree model) or above 30°C. When accumulation of temperatures below 6°C becomes substantial, only the logistic curve offers accurate simulations; the other two models give falsely longer durations of development. When accumulation of temperatures above 30°C becomes substantial, the logistic curve and the Wang model offer more accurate simulations than the day-degree model, which tends to produce shorter durations of development. Further analysis of the data reveals that development rate of this aphid at a given unfavourable high temperature may vary with time. Methods for accurately simulating the development time of L. erysimi in the field are suggested. The significance of modelling insect development at low and high temperatures by non-linear models is discussed.