bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incorporation of multipoint constraints into the balancing domain decomposition method and its parallel implementation
Authors: Miyamura Tomoshi 
Published: June 2006

AbstractThe domain decomposition method (DDM) is a major solution algorithm that is used to parallelize the finite element method. In the case of implicit structural analysis using the DDM, the substructuring‐based iterative linear solver is a powerful tool when an effective preconditioner such as the balancing domain decomposition (BDD) method is used. In the present study, a method by which to incorporate a set of linear multipoint constraints (MPC) into the BDD method is proposed. In this method, when an MPC is enforced on the internal degrees of freedom (DOFs) in some subdomains, the DOFs are converted into interface DOFs, that is, all of the DOFs constrained by MPCs become interface DOFs. Then, the interface problem with the set of MPCs for the interface DOFs is solved by the conjugate projected gradient method. In order to combine the above procedure with the preconditioner used in the BDD method, the effect of the MPCs for the interface DOFs is also imposed on the coarse grid problem of the BDD method using the penalty method. A parallel implementation of the present method is also described. Some illustrative examples are solved and good convergence and parallel performance of the present method are demonstrated. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Numerical evaluation of harmonic Green's functions for triclinic half‐space with embedded sources—Part II: a 3D model
Authors: Chen Zhengxiang , Dravinski Marijan 
Published: June 2006

AbstractThe displacement and stress Green's functions for a 3D triclinic half‐space with embedded harmonic point load is considered. The resulting displacement and stress fields are expressed in terms of triple Fourier integrals. The first integral was evaluated using contour integration and the 3D Green's functions were obtained as a superposition of 2D results over the azimuthal angle. The resulting algorithm developed for evaluation of the Green's functions avoids repeated calculations of the same quantities and it utilizes the vectorized manipulation within MATLAB environment. The algorithm places no restriction on material properties, frequency and location of source and observation points. Extensive testing of the numerical results was performed for both displacement and stress. The tests confirm the accuracy of the numerical results. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Numerical approximation of optimal control for distributed diffusion Hopfield neural networks
Authors: Wang Q.‐F. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractThis work presents a numerical approximation of optimal control problems for non‐linear distributed Hopfield Neural Network equations with diffusion term. For one spatial dimensional case, a semi‐discrete numerical algorithm was constructed to find optimal control variable using finite element discretization, updated conjecture gradient iteration method. Furthermore, experiments demonstration will be implemented to show the effectiveness and stability through 3D graphics simulations. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The cohesive element approach to dynamic fragmentation: the question of energy convergence
Authors: Molinari J. F. , Gazonas G. , Raghupathy R. , Rusinek A. , Zhou F. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractThe cohesive element approach is getting increasingly popular for simulations in which a large amount of cracking occurs. Naturally, a robust representation of fragmentation mechanics is contingent to an accurate description of dissipative mechanisms in form of cracking and branching. A number of cohesive law models have been proposed over the years and these can be divided into two categories: cohesive laws that are initially rigid and cohesive laws that have an initial elastic slope. This paper focuses on the initially rigid cohesive law, which is shown to successfully capture crack branching mechanisms in simulations. The paper addresses the issue of energy convergence of the finite‐element solution for high‐loading rate fragmentation problems, within the context of small strain linear elasticity. These results are obtained in an idealized one‐dimensional setting, and they provide new insight for determining proper cohesive zone spacing as function of loading rate. The findings provide a useful roadmap for choosing mesh sizes and mesh size distributions in two and three‐dimensional fragmentation problems. Remarkably, introducing a slight degree of mesh randomness is shown to improve by up to two orders of magnitude the convergence of the fragmentation problem. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
1‐Norm‐based regularization scheme for system identification of structures with discontinuous system parameters
Authors: Park Hyun Woo , Park Man Woo , Ahn Byeong Kyu , Lee Hae Sung 
Published: June 2006

AbstractThis paper presents a new class of regularization functions and the associated regularization scheme for structural system identification. In particular, 1‐norm regularization functions are investigated to overcome the smearing effect of 2‐norm regularization functions for the identification of discontinuous system parameters of structures. The truncated singular value decomposition is employed to filter out noise‐polluted solution components and to impose the 1‐norm regularization function on SI. The bilinear fitting method is proposed for selecting an optimal truncation number of the truncated singular value decomposition. The validity of the proposed method is demonstrated through the identification of an inclusion in a square plate and damaged members in a two‐span truss. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Peripheral chondrosarcoma progression is accompanied by decreased Indian Hedgehog signalling
Authors: Hameetman L , Rozeman LB , Lombaerts M , Oosting J , Taminiau AHM , Cleton‐Jansen A‐M , Bovée JVMG , Hogendoorn PCW 
Published: June 2006

AbstractHedgehog (HH) signalling is important for specific developmental processes, and aberrant, increased activity has been described in various tumours. Disturbed HH signalling has also been implicated in the hereditary syndrome, Multiple Osteochondromas. Indian Hedgehog (IHH), together with parathyroid hormone‐like hormone (PTHLH), participates in the organization of growth plates in long bones. PTHLH signalling is absent in osteochondromas, benign tumours arising adjacent to the growth plate, but is reactivated when these tumours undergo malignant transformation towards secondary peripheral chondrosarcoma. We describe a gradual decrease in the expression ofPatched(PTCH) andglioma‐associated oncogene homologue 1(GLI1) (both transcribed upon IHH activity), andGLI2with increasing malignancy, suggesting that IHH signalling is inactive and PTHLH signalling is IHH independent in secondary peripheral chondrosarcomas. cDNA expression profiling and immunohistochemical studies suggest that transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β)‐mediated proliferative signalling is active in high‐grade chondrosarcomas since TGF‐β downstream targets were upregulated in these tumours. This is accompanied by downregulation of energy metabolism‐related genes and upregulation of the proto‐oncogenejun B. Thus, the tight regulation of growth plate organization by IHH signalling is still seen in osteochondroma, but gradually lost during malignant transformation to secondary peripheral chondrosarcoma and subsequent progression. TGF‐β signalling is stimulated during secondary peripheral chondrosarcoma progression and could potentially regulate the retained activity of PTHLH. Copyright © 2006 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Paediatric Kikuchi–Fujimoto disease: A benign cause of fever and lymphadenopathy
Authors: Lazzareschi Ilaria , Barone Giuseppe , Ruggiero Antonio , Liotti Lucia , Maurizi Palma , Larocca Luigi Maria , Riccardi Riccardo 
Published: June 2006

AbstractKikuchi–Fujimoto disease (KFD) is a rare and benign disease that typically affects the cervical lymph nodes. Its aetiology is unknown and a role of the autoimmune system in the pathogenesis is hypothesized. This self‐limiting disease is often confused with malignancies. No specific management is generally required but long‐term follow‐up should be planned despite the low risk of recurrence, as recurrences have been described many years after the first episode and there is a high risk of development of an autoimmune disease or even lymphoma. We review the clinical and histological features of KFD and report an unusual case presenting with cervical and supraclavicular lymphadenopathy, and persistent fever. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008;50:119–123. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
α‐helix stabilization by alanine relative to glycine: Roles of polar and apolar solvent exposures and of backbone entropy
Authors: López‐Llano J. , Campos L.A. , Sancho J. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractThe energetics of α‐helix formation are fairly well understood and the helix content of a given amino acid sequence can be calculated with reasonable accuracy from helix‐coil transition theories that assign to the different residues specific effects on helix stability. In internal helical positions, alanine is regarded as the most stabilizing residue, whereas glycine, after proline, is the more destabilizing. The difference in stabilization afforded by alanine and glycine has been explained by invoking various physical reasons, including the hydrophobic effect and the entropy of folding. Herein, the contribution of these two effects and that of hydrophilic area burial is evaluated by analyzing Ala and Gly mutants implemented in three helices of apoflavodoxin. These data, combined with available data for similar mutations in other proteins (22 Ala/Gly mutations in α‐helices have been considered), allow estimation of the difference in backbone entropy between alanine and glycine and evaluation of its contribution and that of apolar and polar area burial to the helical stabilization typically associated to Gly→Ala substitutions. Alanine consistently stabilizes the helical conformation relative to glycine because it buries more apolar area upon folding and because its backbone entropy is lower. However, the relative contribution of polar area burial (which is shown to be destabilizing) and of backbone entropy critically depends on the approximation used to model the structure of the denatured state. In this respect, the excised‐peptide model of the unfolded state, proposed by Creamer and coworkers (1995), predicts a major contribution of polar area burial, which is in good agreement with recent quantitations of the relative enthalpic contribution of Ala and Gly residues to α‐helix formation. Proteins 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Multiple imputation for interval censored data with auxiliary variables
Authors: Hsu Chiu‐Hsieh , Taylor Jeremy M. G. , Murray Susan , Commenges Daniel 
Published: June 2006

AbstractWe propose a non‐parametric multiple imputation scheme, NPMLE imputation, for the analysis of interval censored survival data. Features of the method are that it converts interval‐censored data problems to complete data or right censored data problems to which many standard approaches can be used, and that measures of uncertainty are easily obtained. In addition to the event time of primary interest, there are frequently other auxiliary variables that are associated with the event time. For the goal of estimating the marginal survival distribution, these auxiliary variables may provide some additional information about the event time for the interval censored observations. We extend the imputation methods to incorporate information from auxiliary variables with potentially complex structures. To conduct the imputation, we use a working failure‐time proportional hazards model to define an imputing risk set for each censored observation. The imputation schemes consist of using the data in the imputing risk sets to create an exact event time for each interval censored observation. In simulation studies we show that the use of multiple imputation methods can improve the efficiency of estimators and reduce the effect of missing visits when compared to simpler approaches. We apply the approach to cytomegalovirus shedding data from an AIDS clinical trial, in which CD4 count is the auxiliary variable. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A test for publication bias in meta‐analysis with sparse binary data
Authors: Schwarzer Guido , Antes Gerd , Schumacher Martin 
Published: June 2006

AbstractA new test for the detection of publication bias in meta‐analysis with sparse binary data is proposed. The test statistic is based on observed and expected cell frequencies, and the variance of the observed cell frequencies. These quantities are utilized in a rank correlation test. Type I error rate and power of the test are evaluated in simulations; results are compared to those of two other commonly used test procedures. Sample sizes were generated according to findings in a survey of eight German medical journals. Simulation results indicate that, in contrast to existing test procedures, the new test holds the prescribed significance level when data are sparse. However, the power of all tests is low in many situations of practical importance. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the analysis of count data of birth‐and‐death process type: with application to molecularly targeted cancer therapy
Authors: Liu Hao , Beckett Laurel A. , DeNardo Gerald L. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractFor molecularly targeted cancer therapy, potency of a novel monoclonal antibody is typically studiedin vitroin order to observe directly the effect of the antibody on a malignant tumour cell population. Numbers of viable cells of the population are counted over time to evaluate how the antibody may change the population growth pattern. Usually, such count data is analysed by a log‐linear model to estimate the average antibody effects, but it is based on a Poisson‐like process and is not appropriate for modelling the growth pattern of the tumour cells. In this paper, we propose to analyse the count data from the point of view of a birth‐and‐death process, which is a more natural description of the biological process in these experiments. Assuming a simple birth‐and‐death process and a naïve regression model for the birth rate and death rate, we show that the log‐linear relationship still holds for the average count and the covariates, although the linear predictor needs to satisfy a specific functional form. The estimation can be based on the quasi‐likelihood method. The variance is not a simple function of the mean, but can be adequately approximated by a function of mean of either quadratic form or linear form, available in most standard statistical packages. We perform a simulation study to show that the proposed method provides consistent and robust estimations. The utility of the method is demonstrated by the analysis of a data set for experiment for anti‐lymphoma monoclonal antibodies. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pregnancy outcome in gestational diabetes
Authors: Fan Zitian , Yang Huixia , Gao Xuelian , Lintu Hanna , Sun Weijie 
Published: June 2006

AbstractObjective: To assess maternal and neonatal outcomes of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) following glycemic screening and diabetic management, with special focus on concurrent GDM and pre‐eclampsia.Methods: A retrospective chart review of 782 women diagnosed with and treated for GDM at a Chinese university teaching hospital. Data on maternal and neonatal outcome, glycemic control, concurrent pre‐eclampsia, and diabetic management were collected and analyzed.Results: The incidence of GDM was 3.8%. Of the affected women, 62.9% were managed with diet only and the remainder received insulin treatment. Overall, 80.7% had good glycemic control. Poor glycemic control and concurrent pre‐eclampsia correlated with maternal and neonatal complications.Conclusion: Aggressive management for tight glycemic control improves maternal and neonatal outcomes in women with GDM.
The Anaesthetic Nurses' Perception of Their Role
Authors: Oakley Melanie 
Published: June 2006

ABSTRACTMuch has been written about the role of the nurse within the operating department but much less has been uncovered about the role of the anaesthetic nurse within this area. By detailing research undertaken by the author, anaesthetic nurses' perception of their role is recounted and how they interact with other disciplines within the operating department – Operating Department Practitioners (ODPs). These two groups appear to work in relative harmony but there is need for examination and change to the training of both nurses and ODPs, and maybe looking at core training for perioperative staff, which could be accessed at differing levels and can be re-entered at a higher level for further qualifications.
Presynaptic opioid receptors on noradrenergic and serotonergic neurons in the human as compared to the rat neocortex
Authors: Berger Benjamin , Rothmaier Anna Katharina , Wedekind Franziska , Zentner Josef , Feuerstein Thomas J , Jackisch Rolf 
Published: June 2006

Electrically evoked release of [3H]‐noradrenaline ([3H]‐NA) or [3H]‐5‐hydroxytryptamine ([3H]‐5‐HT) in slices of human and the rat neocortex was used to characterize presynaptic opioid receptors.
Release of [3H]‐NA in rat neocortical slices was reduced only by the μ‐receptor agonist DAMGO (pIC50: 7.27, CI95: [7.22, 7.32]; Imax: 77.6±1.6%; antagonized by naloxone: pA2: 8.88, CI95: [8.78, 8.98]).
Release of [3H]‐NA in human neocortical slices was unaffected by DAMGO, but inhibited by the δ‐receptor agonist DPDPE (Imax: 25.7±2.2%) and the κ‐receptor agonist U‐50,488H (19.7±2.7% inhibition at 1 μM). Both effects were antagonized by naltrindole (1 μM).
Release of [3H]‐5‐HT in rat neocortical slices, was inhibited by DAMGO (10 μM) and U‐50,488H (1 and 10 μM) only in the presence of the 5‐HT receptor antagonist methiotepin (1 μM).
Release of [3H]‐5‐HT in human neocortical slices was unaffected by DPDPE, but U‐50,488H (Imax: 40.8±8.3%; antagonized by 0.1 μM norbinaltorphimine) and DAMGO (16.4±3.9% inhibition at 1 μM; antagonized by 0.1 μM naloxone) acted inhibitory.
Release of [3H]‐5‐HT in human neocortical slices was reduced by nociceptin/orphanin (0.1 and 1 μM). These effects were antagonized by the ORL1 antagonist J‐113397 (1‐[(3R,4R)‐1‐cyclo‐octylmethyl‐3‐hydroxymethyl‐4‐piperidyl]‐3‐ethyl‐1,3‐dihydro‐2H‐benzimidazol‐2‐one; 0.1 μM).
This study provides evidence for significant species differences in opioid receptor‐mediated modulation of NA and 5‐HT‐release in human vs rat neocortex. In rats, μ‐opioid receptors modulate NA release, but 5‐HT release is only weakly affected by μ‐ and κ‐opioids. In contrast, NA release in human neocortex is modulated via δ‐opioid receptors, but 5‐HT release mainly via κ‐opioid receptors. In addition also the ORL1 receptor seems to be involved in 5‐HT release modulation.

British Journal of Pharmacology (2006) 148, 795–806. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0706782
Profiling of functional phosphodiesterase in mesangial cells using a CRE‐SEAP‐based reporting system
Authors: Zhu Ying , Yao Jian , Meng Yiman , Kasai Ayumi , Hiramatsu Nobuhiko , Hayakawa Kunihiro , Miida Takashi , Takeda Masayuki , Okada Masahiko , Kitamura Masanori 
Published: June 2006

Phosphodiesterases (PDEs) are critically implicated in the regulation of mesangial cell function, but profile of functional PDEs in mesangial cells is still unclear. In this study, we investigated roles of individual PDEs in the regulation of mesangial cell behavior by the cAMP pathway.
Reporter mesangial cells that express secreted alkaline phosphatase (SEAP) under the control of the cAMP response element (CRE) were exposed to selective PDE inhibitors in the presence or absence of cAMP, and activity of CRE, expression of CRE‐regulated protein, mitogenesis and cell survival were examined.
Exposure of reporter cells to cAMP‐elevating agents resulted in time‐ and concentration‐dependent activation of CRE. Treatment of the cells with any PDE inhibitors alone did not induce CRE activation. Under stimulation with 8‐bromo‐cAMP or 8‐bromo‐cGMP, however, inhibitors of PDE2, PDE3, PDE4 and PDE5 enhanced activation of CRE. Inhibition of PDE1 or PDE6 did not affect the CRE activation.
Among different combinations tested, only inhibitors of PDE3 and PDE4 cooperatively increased the level of intracellular cAMP, activity of protein kinase A, activation of CRE, and CRE‐regulated protein, connexin43.
Concomitant inhibition of PDE3 and PDE4 attenuated mitogen‐induced activation of extracellular signal‐regulated kinases and cell proliferation. Under serum deprivation, combinational inhibition of PDE3 and PDE4 exclusively caused activation of caspase‐3 and apoptosis.
The present data elucidated that PDE3 and PDE4 play critical roles in the regulation of mesangial cell function. PDE3 and PDE4 were identified as the novel, antiapoptotic machinery that supports survival of mesangial cells.

British Journal of Pharmacology (2006) 148, 833–844. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0706785
Counteracting effect of glycyrrhizin on the hemostatic abnormalities induced by Bothrops jararaca snake venom
Authors: Assafim Mariane , Ferreira Marcos S , Frattani Flávia S , Guimarães Jorge A , Monteiro Robson Q , Zingali Russolina B 
Published: June 2006

Envenomation by the snake Bothrops jararaca is typically associated with hemostatic abnormalities including pro‐ and anticoagulant disturbances. Glycyrrhizin (GL) is a plant‐derived thrombin inhibitor that also exhibits in vivo antithrombotic properties. Here, we evaluated the ability of GL to counteract the hemostatic abnormalities promoted by B. jararaca venom.
GL inhibited the human fibrinogen clotting (IC50=∼1.0 mg ml−1; 1.2 mM), H‐D‐phenylalanyl‐L‐pipecolyl‐L‐arginine‐p‐nitroanilide dihydrochloride hydrolysis (IC50=∼0.4 mg ml−1; 0.47 mM) and platelet aggregation (IC50=∼0.28 mg ml−1; 0.33 mM) induced by B. jararaca venom, in vitro.
The in vivo effect of GL was tested in rats using a model of venous thrombosis in which intravenous (i.v.) administration of B. jararaca venom (100 μg kg−1) produced in all animals a thrombus with a mean weight of 10.6±1.7 mg.
Prior administration of GL (180 mg kg−1) or antibothropic serum (27 μl kg−1) inhibited thrombus formation by 86 and 67%, respectively. Remarkably, co‐administration of ineffective doses of GL and antibothropic serum markedly decreased thrombus weight, suggesting a synergistic effect.
Co‐administration of GL with antibothropic serum abolished venom‐induced bleeding. Ex vivo clotting times showed that rat plasma was non‐clotting after i.v. administration of B. jararaca venom. Treatment with GL, antibothropic serum or both before venom administration efficiently prevented this abnormality.
Altogether, we demonstrate here that GL prevents both in vitro and in vivo venom‐induced changes in hemostasis, suggesting a potential antiophidic activity.

British Journal of Pharmacology (2006) 148, 807–813. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0706786