Abstract 3585: DNA-PK inhibition to enhance radiation sensitivity in metastatic pancreatic neuroendocrine cancer
Authors: Rychahou Piotr G. , Chauhan Aman , Chow Zeta , Izumi Tadahide , Chen Quan , Lee Eun Y. , Napier Dana , Anthony Lowell Brian , Cavnar Michael J. , Townsend Courtney M. , Evers B. Mark 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Gastroenteropancreatic (GEP) neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are neoplasms originating from the gastrointestinal track and pancreas. Unfortunately, most patients at the time of diagnosis have extensive metastatic disease and are not candidates for curative surgical resection of metastatic tumors. In such cases, targeted radiation therapy (RT) can slow the progression of metastatic disease, but eventually tumors develop resistance to radiation therapy. In this study, we examined whether DNA-PK inhibition could sensitize pancreatic NETs to radiation therapy and enhance the radiation therapy effect in a preclinical model of pNET metastasis.
Methods. We used 96-well clonogenic assays to evaluate the efficacy of the DNA-PK inhibitor peposertib in combination with RT in vitro in QGP-1 and BON pancreatic NET cell lines. Double-strand break-induced DNA repair was visualized with confocal laser scanning microscopy using γ-H2AX immunofluorescence after peposertib treatment alone or in combination with RT. Western blot analysis was used to confirm inhibition of DNA-PKcs (pDNA-PKcs S2056) combination RT. The efficacy of peposertib in combination with RT was evaluated in QGP-1 and BON human xenograft models in athymic nude mice and a BON preclinical lung metastasis model.
Results. Clonogenic assays demonstrated absence of cytotoxicity from peposertib alone at doses below 1000 nM and a strong radiosensitizing effect at 200 nM in both QGP-1 and BON cell lines. Pretreatment with peposertib or treatment within 2 h after RT suppressed colony formation; treatment at later timepoints did not enhance radiotherapy. Immunofluorescence analysis revealed high numbers of γH2AX foci with peposertib therapy alone at 96 h or when given 2 h after RT. Western blot analysis confirmed inhibition of DNA-PK Ser2056 after RT in combination with peposertib. DNA-PK inhibition in combination with RT led to remarkable repression of pNET growth both in subcutaneous xenografts (&gt;90%) and in the preclinical lung metastasis model (&gt;90%).
Conclusions. Our results showed several advantages of targeting DNA-PK to enhance radiation sensitivity in high-grade pNETs: (1) DNA-PK inhibition alone disrupts DNA damage response in pNETs as demonstrated by strong H2AX phosphorylation. (2) DNA-PK inhibition is most effective at enhancing radiotherapy either right before or after radiation therapy administration. This demonstrates that extended DNA-PK inhibition is not necessary to achieve marked responses during pNET radiotherapy. (3) DNA-PK inhibition 30 min before radiation therapy is sufficient to greatly reduce pNET tumor growth or metastasis progression in pNET preclinical models. In summary, selective DNA-PK inhibition provides a potent therapeutic strategy for disruption of non-homologous end joining DNA double-strand break repair and may offer a novel therapeutic approach in advanced NET radiotherapy.
Citation Format: Piotr G. Rychahou, Aman Chauhan, Zeta Chow, Tadahide Izumi, Quan Chen, Eun Y. Lee, Dana Napier, Lowell Brian Anthony, Michael J. Cavnar, Courtney M. Townsend, B. Mark Evers. DNA-PK inhibition to enhance radiation sensitivity in metastatic pancreatic neuroendocrine cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 3585.