bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hypolipidemic and Antioxidant Effects of Dietary Curcumin and Capsaicin in Induced Hypercholesterolemic Rats
Authors: Manjunatha H. , Srinivasan K. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractHealth beneficial hypolipidemic and antioxidant influences of dietary spice principles—curcumin, capsaicin alone and in combination included in the diet for 8 weeks were evaluated in induced hypercholesterolemic rats, in order to verify if there is any additive or synergistic effect of these two bioactive compounds. Dietary curcumin (0.2%), capsaicin (0.015%) or their combination significantly countered the hypercholesterolemia brought about by high cholesterol feeding. Hepatic cholesterol was lowered by dietary spice principles only in normal rats. Liver triglyceride levels were lowered in both normal and hypercholesterolemic rats by capsaicin. Curcumin and capsaicin lowered hepatic and blood lipid peroxides in hypercholesterolemic rats, while the effect in blood was additive with their combination. Hepatic ascorbic acid was enhanced by dietary spice principles in normal rats; glutathione was enhanced by their combination only in hypercholesterolemic rats. Activities of serum glutathione reductase, glutathione transferase and catalase and hepatic glutathione reductase in normal rats and serum glutathione peroxidase in hypercholesterolemic rats were enhanced by dietary spice principles. While dietary curcumin and capsaicin normalized the changes in the levels of antioxidant molecules and activities of antioxidant enzymes to a significant extent, this effect was not generally additive when given in combination, and was higher than the individual effects only in a few instances.
On Cowboys and Welfare Queens: Independence, Dependence, and Interdependence at Home and Abroad
Authors: BORIS EILEEN 
Published: October 2007

Against a historiography that too often considers domestic policy apart from foreign policy, this essay suggests connections based on two cultural/political archetypes, the cowboy and the welfare queen, which were or are simultaneously gendered and racialized. The cowboy as a symbol of white male individualism has represented worthy American manhood; the welfare queen has stood for a despised black womanhood. Behind the image of the cowboy stands the workings of empire; behind the portrait of the welfare queen lies the punishment of poor women, often African American or Latina, for their motherhood, sexuality, and lack of dependence on husbands. The problem with the welfare queen is that she parlayed her dependence on the state into independence from men and employment (that is, work as commonly understood.) Like the enemies without, who would make the nation dependent through withholding a vital resource – oil – and require disciplining through “cowboy diplomacy,” welfare dependents have become the primitive other, politically assaulted, responsible for national decline, who need taming through cowboy social policy. Drawing upon newspaper accounts, blogs, speeches, and iconographic representations, this essay traces the ways that modern Presidents, including Theodore Roosevelt, Johnson, Nixon, Reagan, and Bush II, deployed these icons to push independence as a national virtue in spite of their apparently different political positions. The languages of independence and dependence provided an easy vocabulary for policymaking that aspires to moral heights, leading to a performativity that traps those who utter the tropes of their predecessors into policy grooves not necessarily of their own choosing.
PREVALENCE OF AND RISK FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH ALCOHOL ABUSE IN MOSHI, NORTHERN TANZANIA
Authors: MITSUNAGA TISHA , LARSEN ULLA 
Published: October 2007

SummaryThis study aimed to assess the prevalence of and risk factors associated with alcohol abuse among women and men in Moshi in northern Tanzania. Alcohol abuse was measured by a CAGE score of 2–4, versus 0–1 for no alcohol abuse (Ewing, 1984). Crude and adjusted logistic regression models determined odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) of alcohol abuse by characteristics of, respectively, women with partners (n=1200), women without partners (n=614) and men (n=788) (women’s partners). Prevalence of alcohol abuse was 7·0% (95% CI: 5·6–8·4) among women with partners, 9·3% (95% CI: 7·0–11·6) among women without partners, and more than double among men at 22·8% (95% CI: 19·9–25·8). In general, Christians had higher alcohol abuse than Muslims or other religions, as did Chagga men compared with men of other ethnic groups. Other socio-demographic characteristics, such as education or income, were not significant. Sexual behaviours were significant predictors of alcohol abuse. For example, women without partners who reported more than two partners in the last year had higher alcohol abuse compared with women reporting no partners (OR=8·75; 95% CI: 2·37–32·31), as did men reporting it is ‘OK to hit a partner’ for any reason (OR=1·79; 95% CI: 1·16–2·77) compared with men who did not. HIV-1 infection was not significantly associated with alcohol abuse by women or men. The Christian Church in Moshi should consider raising awareness about the harmful effects of high alcohol use among its adherents. Comprehensive programmes focusing on reducing number of partners and alcohol use, particularly by men, are needed in this community.
ASSOCIATION BETWEEN AGE AT MENARCHE AND EARLY-LIFE NUTRITIONAL STATUS IN RURAL BANGLADESH
Authors: BOSCH ALINDA M. , WILLEKENS FRANS J. , BAQUI ABDULLAH H. , VAN GINNEKEN JEROEN K. S. , HUTTER INGE 
Published: October 2007

SummaryAge at menarche is associated with anthropometry in adolescence. Recently, there has been growing support for the hypothesis that timing of menarche may be set early in life but modified by changes in body size and composition in childhood. To evaluate this, a cohort of 255 girls aged <5 years recruited in 1988 were followed up in 2001 in Matlab, Bangladesh. The analysis was based on nutritional status as assessed by anthropometry and recalled age at menarche. Data were examined using lifetable techniques and the Cox regression model. The association between nutritional status indicators and age at menarche was examined in a multivariate model adjusting for potential confounding variables. Censored cases were accounted for. The median age at menarche was 15·1 years. After controlling for early-life predictors (birth size, childhood underweight, childhood stunting) it appeared that adolescent stunting stood out as the most important determinant of age at menarche. Adolescent stunting still resonates from the effect of stunting in early childhood (OR respectively 2·63 (p<0·01 CI: 1·32–5·24) and 8·47 (p<0·001 CI: 3·79–18·93) for moderately and severely stunted under-fives as compared with the reference category). Birth size was not a significant predictor of age at menarche. It is concluded that age at menarche is strongly influenced by nutritional status in adolescence, notably the level of stunting, which is in turn highly dependent on the level of stunting in early childhood. A ‘late’ menarche due to stunting may be detrimental for reproductive health in case of early childbearing because of the association between height and pelvic size.
Light and confocal microscopic observations of adultSchistosoma mansonifrom mice fed on a high-fat diet
Authors: Neves Renata H. , Alencar Alba C.M.B. , Águila Marcia B. , Mandarim-de-Lacerda Carlos A. , Machado- Silva José R. , Gomes Delir C. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe morphological aspects ofSchistosoma mansoniadult worms recovered from albino mice fed on a cholesterol-rich diet compared to mice fed on a standard chow were investigated. After feeding on their respective diets for over a period of 5 months, mice were subcutaneously infected withc. 50S. mansonicercariae/mouse. Blood samples were obtained 1 day prior to experimental infections and 63 days later, when mice were euthanized by jugular section (hypovolaemic shock). Total cholesterol (TC) levels were determined. Recovered worms were stained with hydrochloric carmine, and preserved as whole-mounts for examination by bright-field and laser confocal microscopy. The infected mice fed on high-fat chow showed higher levels of serum lipoproteins than the infected mice fed on standard chow, except for very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-c) and triglycerides (TG). In this experiment, worms from mice fed on a high-fat chow showed a greater percentage of morphological differentiation regarding supernumerary testes, seminal vesicle, and seminal receptacle. In mice of this group, the rate of oocyte laying in the ovary was much higher than in control females. The present results suggest that cholesterol could be actively involved in the modulation of cell signalling and reproduction, because the lobes contained fully developed oocytes in variable amounts, different from control males. The data presented here are the first to report the role of a cholesterol-rich diet affecting the development ofS. mansoniworms.
Two-year-olds differentially disambiguate novel words and facts
Authors: SCOFIELD JASON , BEHREND DOUGLAS A. 
Published: October 2007

ABSTRACTWhen presented with a pair of objects, one familiar and one unfamiliar, and asked to select the referent of a novel word, children reliably demonstrate the disambiguation effect and select the unfamiliar object. The current study investigated two competing word learning accounts of this effect: a pragmatic account and a word learning principles account. Two-, three- and four-year-olds were presented with four disambiguation conditions, a word/word, a word/fact, a fact/word and a fact/fact condition. A pragmatic account predicted disambiguation in all four conditions while a word learning principles account predicted disambiguation in the word/word and fact/word conditions. Results indicated that children disambiguated in word/word and fact/word conditions and two-year-olds disambiguated at above chance levels in the word/word condition but at below chance levels in the fact/fact condition. Because disambiguation varied both as a function of age and condition these findings are presented as challenges to a pragmatic account of the disambiguation effect.
Nodal inequalities on surfaces
Authors: POLTEROVICH LEONID , SODIN MIKHAIL 
Published: October 2007

AbstractGiven a Laplace eigenfunction on a surface, we study the distribution of its extrema on the nodal domains. It is classically known that the absolute value of the eigenfunction is asymptotically bounded by the 4th root of the eigenvalue. It turns out that the number of nodal domains where the eigenfunction has an extremum of such order, remains bounded as the eigenvalue tends to infinity. We also observe that certain restrictions on the distribution of nodal extrema and a version of the Courant nodal domain theorem are valid for a rather wide class of functions on surfaces. These restrictions follow from a bound in the spirit of Kronrod and Yomdin on the average number of connected components of level sets.
Klein slopes on hyperbolic 3-manifolds
Authors: MATIGNON DANIEL , SAYARI NABIL 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThis paper is devoted to 3-manifolds which admit two distinct Dehn fillings producing a Klein bottle.LetMbe a compact, connected and orientable 3-manifold whose boundary contains a 2-torusT. IfMis hyperbolic then only finitely many Dehn fillings alongTyield non-hyperbolic manifolds. We consider the situation where two distinct slopes γ1, γ2produce a Klein bottle. We give an upper bound for the distance Δ(γ1, γ2), between γ1and γ2. We show that there are exactly four hyperbolic manifolds for which Δ(γ1, γ2) > 4.
Unital Banach algebras and their subalgebras
Authors: MIAO TIANXUAN 
Published: October 2007

AbstractLet A be a Banach algebra with a bounded approximate identity. We prove that if A is not unital, then there is a nonunital subalgebra B of A with a sequential bounded approximate identity. It follows that A must be unital if A is weakly sequentially complete and B** under the first Arens multiplication has a unique right identity for every subalgebra B of A with a sequential bounded approximate identity. As a consequence, we prove a result of Ülger that if A is both weakly sequentially complete and Arens regular, then A must be unital.
The loop problem for monoids and semigroups
Authors: KAMBITES MARK 
Published: October 2007

AbstractWe propose a way of associating to each finitely generated monoid or semigroup a formal language, called itsloop problem. In the case of a group, the loop problem is essentially the same as theword problemin the sense of combinatorial group theory. Like the word problem for groups, the loop problem is regular if and only if the monoid is finite. We also study the case in which the loop problem iscontext-free, showing that a celebrated group-theoretic result of Muller and Schupp extends to describe completely simple semigroups with context-free loop problems. We consider right cancellative monoids, establishing connections between the loop problem and the structural theory of these semigroups by showing that the syntactic monoid of the loop problem is theinverse hullof the monoid.
Parvovirus B19 infection in five European countries: seroepidemiology, force of infection and maternal risk of infection
Authors: MOSSONG J. , HENS N. , FRIEDERICHS V. , DAVIDKIN I. , BROMAN M. , LITWINSKA B. , SIENNICKA J. , TRZCINSKA A. , VAN DAMME P. , BEUTELS P. , VYSE A. , SHKEDY Z. , AERTS M. , MASSARI M. , GABUTTI G. 
Published: October 2007

SUMMARYWe conducted a seroprevalence survey in Belgium, Finland, England & Wales, Italy and Poland on 13 449 serum samples broadly representative in terms of geography and age. Samples were tested for the presence of immunoglobulin G antibody using an enzyme immunoassay. The age-specific risk of infection was estimated using parametric and non-parametric statistical modelling. The age-specific risk in all five countries was highest in children aged 7–9 years and lower in adults. The average proportion of women of child-bearing age susceptible to parvovirus B19 infection and the risk of a pregnant women acquiring B19 infection during pregnancy was estimated to be 26% and 0·61% in Belgium, 38% and 0·69% in England & Wales, 43·5% and 1·24% in Finland, 39·9% and 0·92% in Italy and 36·8% and 1·58% in Poland, respectively. Our study indicates substantial epidemiological differences in Europe regarding parvovirus B19 infection.
The Emergent Flux and Effective Temperature of δ Canis Majoris
Authors: Davis J. , Booth A. J. , Ireland M. J. , Jacob A. P. , North J. R. , Owens S. M. , Robertson J. G. , Tango W. J. , Tuthill P. G. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractNew angular diameter determinations for the bright southern F8 supergiant δ CMa enable the bolometric emergent flux and effective temperature of the star to be determined with improved accuracy. The spectral flux distribution and bolometric flux have been determined from published photometry and spectrophotometry and combined with the angular diameter to derive the bolometric emergent flux ℱ = (6.50 ± 0.24) × 107 Wm−2 and the effective temperature Teff = 5818 ± 53 K. The new value for the effective temperature is compared with previous interferometric and infrared flux method determinations. The accuracy of the effective temperature is now limited by the uncertainty in the bolometric flux rather than by the uncertainty in the angular diameter.
Pseudodifferential operators with C*-algebra-valued symbols: Abstract characterizations
Authors: Melo Severino , Merklen Marcela 
Published: October 2007

Given a separable unital C

∗

^*

-algebra

C
C

with norm

|

|

⋅

|

|

||\cdot ||

, let

E
n

E_n

denote the Banach-space completion of the

C
C

-valued Schwartz space on

R

n

\mathbb {R}^{n}

with norm

|

|

f

|

|

2

=

|

|

⟨
f
,
f
⟩

|

|

1

/

2

||f||_2=||\langle f,f\rangle ||^{1/2}

,

⟨
f
,
g
⟩
=
∫
f
(
x

)
∗

g
(
x
)
d
x

\langle f,g\rangle =\int f(x)^*g(x)dx

. The assignment of the pseudodifferential operator

A
=
a
(
x
,
D
)

A=a(x,D)

with

C
C

-valued symbol

a
(
x
,
ξ
)

a(x,\xi )

to each smooth function with bounded derivatives

a
∈

B

C

(

R

2
n

)

a\in \mathcal {B}^C (\mathbb {R}^{2n})

defines an injective mapping

O
O

, from

B

C

(

R

2
n

)

\mathcal {B}^C(\mathbb {R}^{2n})

to the set

H

\mathcal {H}

of all operators with smooth orbit under the canonical action of the Heisenberg group on the algebra of all adjointable operators on the Hilbert module

E
n

E_n

. In this paper, we construct a left-inverse

S
S

for

O
O

and prove that

S
S

is injective if

C
C

is commutative. This generalizes Cordes’ description of

H

\mathcal {H}

in the scalar case. Combined with previous results of the second author, our main theorem implies that, given a skew-symmetric

n
×
n

n\times n

matrix

J
J

and if

C
C

is commutative, then any

A
∈

H

A\in \mathcal {H}

which commutes with every pseudodifferential operator with symbol

F
(
x
+
J
ξ
)

F(x+J\xi )

,

F
∈

B

C

(

R

2
n

)

F\in \mathcal {B}^C(\mathbb {R}^{2n})

, is a pseudodifferential operator with symbol

G
(
x
−
J
ξ
)

G(x-J\xi )

, for some

G
∈

B

C

(

R

2
n

)

G\in \mathcal {B}^C(\mathbb {R}^{2n})

. That was conjectured by Rieffel.
Hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α contributes to hypoxia‐induced chemoresistance in gastric cancer
Authors: Liu Lili , Ning Xiaoxuan , Sun Li , Zhang Hongbo , Shi Yongquan , Guo Changcun , Han Shuang , Liu Jie , Sun Shiren , Han Zheyi , Wu Kaichun , Fan Daiming 
Published: October 2007

Hypoxia induced drug resistance is a major obstacle in the development of effective cancer therapy. Our previous study revealed that hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1 (HIF‐1), the major transcriptional factor significantly activated by hypoxia, was overexpressed in gastric vincristine‐resistant cells SGC7901/vincristine (VCR) under normoxic conditions, which suggested that it was associated with drug resistance in gastric cancer cells. In the present study, a colony‐forming assay revealed that hypoxia and forced HIF‐1α expression increased maximal –8.9‐fold or –14.8‐fold of IC50 toward vincristine in gastric cancer cell lines SGC7901 and SGC7901/VCR, respectively (P < 0.01). Annexin‐V/propidium iodide staining analysis revealed hypoxia or forced HIF‐1α expression reduced apoptosis by 24% or 18% in SGC7901 cells (P < 0.05). Flow cytometry analysis of intracellular adriamycin revealed that hypoxia and forced expression of HIF‐1α increased –1.79‐fold or –2.36‐fold of the adriamycin releasing index, respectively (P < 0.05). However, resistance acquisition subject to hypoxia in vitro and in vivo was suppressed by blocking HIF‐1α expression with siRNA. We further demonstrated that HIF‐1 α overexpression showed a 1.85‐fold increased expression of Bcl‐2 and a 2.16‐fold decreased expression of Bax, and also showed significantly induced expression of p‐gp and MRP1, which indicated that HIF‐1α may confer hypoxia‐induced drug resistance via inhibition of drug‐induced apoptosis and decreases in intracellular drug accumulation. (Cancer Sci 2008; 99: 121–128)
Comparative and physical mapping of 111 previously reported and 105 new porcine microsatellites
Authors: Alexander L. J. , Juneja B. , Shiroma D. , Nonneman D. , Snelling W. , Fahrenkrug S. C. 
Published: October 2007

SummaryHere we report radiation hybrid mapping of 105 new porcine microsatellite markers on the IMpRH7000 radiation hybrid panel. In addition, we searched flanking sequences of these markers, as well as 673 previously reported RH‐mapped microsatellite markers, for orthology to human sequences. Eighty‐seven new and 111 previously mapped sequences exhibited orthology to human sequences. Using a stringent sequence alignment, 25 microsatellite‐flanking sequences were found to be highly similar to genic sequences, whereas 173 were similar to non‐genic sequences in the human genome. Five markers were located near known breakpoints of synteny between human and swine.
Issues concerning the use of hormone replacement therapy and risk of fracture: a population‐based, nested case‐control study
Authors: Corrao Giovanni , Zambon Antonella , Nicotra Federica , Conti Valentino , Nappi Rossella E. , Merlino Luca 
Published: October 2007

WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ABOUT THIS SUBJECT • Several studies have consistently shown that hormone replacement therapy (HRT) can reduce the risk of fracture.• The questions that are still controversial include the duration of treatment needed, the duration of the protective effect after treatment is stopped, and the influence of age at which treatment is initiated. WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS • Our findings suggest that HRT should be continued for long periods to achieve optimal protection from fracture.• The fracture reducing potential of HRT seems to disappear after a few months without treatment and might mainly act in women who begin therapy at an older age.AIMSTo investigate the effect of duration, how recently it has been used, and age at start of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and the risk of bone fracture.METHODSA population‐based, nested case‐control study was conducted in Lombardia, Northern Italy. The 78 294 women aged 45–75 years who received at least one HRT prescription during 1998–2000 were followed until 2005. Cases were women who experienced bone fracture during follow‐up. Up to six controls were randomly selected for each case from the cohort after matching for age and date of cohort entry. The odds ratio of fracture associated with the use of HRT was estimated by conditional logistic regression.RESULTSOne thousand one hundred and seventy‐four cases and 6760 controls were included. Compared with women who took HRT for less than 2 months, those who were treated for more than 20 months had an odds ratio (OR) of 0.80 (95% confidence interval 0.65, 0.99). This risk reduction was still significant among current HRT users (OR 0.71, 95% CI 0.55, 0.90) and in women who began therapy at the age of 55–65 years (OR 0.63, 95% CI 0.42, 0.94) or 65–75 years (OR 0.56, 95% CI 0.32, 0.99). There was no statistical evidence of a protective effect for women who had stopped treatment more than 6 months previously or those who began HRT at the age of 45–55 years.CONCLUSIONSHRT should be continued for long periods to achieve an optimal protection from fracture. The fracture reducing potential of HRT seems to disappear after a few months without treatment and might mainly act in women who begin therapy at older age.