bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Role of Technology in Combat System Engineering
Authors: HOLDEN RICHARD A. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTSince the introduction of modern surface combatants there has been a significant evolution of the combat system in terms of equipment, capability and design. This evolution will continue and combat systems of the future will be vastly different than they are today. A key aspect of this evolution is the combat system design which is defined by the functional allocation, equipments and interfaces between elements. One of the factors driving design is the introduction of new technologies which offer to improve system performance. The combat system engineering problem of the past and present is how to accommodate new and emerging technology. That is, technology is considered a design driver. This is a desirable approach from the perspective of component development. From the system engineer's perspective, this approach severely limits options and ultimately results in a sub‐optimal combat system design. This occurs because the available components are generally developed in isolation from one another and without specific system design requirements.A fundamental system design which can identify long‐term needs is required now to provide focus to today's technology so that the various commodities of the year 2000 and beyond will be compatible. Components of the system will need to satisfy system design requirements as well as the usual performance requirements. The linkage between combat system design and technology is a responsibility of both the system engineer and the technologist.
Configuration Status Accounting Made Affordable
Authors: CONLEY DAVID T. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTThis paper describes an affordable automated configuration status accounting system that has been developed to meet the needs of the engineering community, the logistics community and the fleet. Configuration information is vital if the fleet is to be properly supported. Without complete and accurate configuration information that documents what is installed in the ship, including field changes, engineering changes, OrdAlts and MachAlts, proper support is not possible.The information system described in this paper has been installed in over 30 Navy and contractor sites. Results to date have been nothing less than outstanding, with productivity improvements in excess of 500 percent. As budgets get leaner, improvements such as this will become commonplace. We will learn to live within constrained budgets and produce higher quality products. This system is an example of what can be done with emerging technology when properly applied.
Procurement and Product Assurance in the Microwave Tube Business
Authors: O'LEARY DANIEL J. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTThis paper offers a comparison of definitions of quality based upon the work of Crosby, Deming, and Juran. A working definition of quality in a partnership agreement is then offered. The paper examines some procurement strategies for microwave tubes and offers an example, from another field, to illustrate why some of these procurement policies do not work. A series of alternative contract practices are offered which strengthen the partnership relationship between purchaser and supplier. Lastly, improvement suggestions are made based upon current DoD total quality management initiatives.
Active Mass Damper Demonstration for Ship Vibration Reduction
Authors: KAKINOUCHI TSUTOMU , ASANO TOSHIO , ANIDA KOJI , TAKAHASHI NORIO 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTModern naval vessels, which mount a large number of advanced electronic equipment, require such equipment to be well protected against external disturbance, including particularly vibration. The conventional means of minimizing vibration is to increase structural rigidity, but this entails the increase of structural mass. If vibration could be suppressed by means of a lightweight compact device, it should immensely benefit naval vessel design.To this end, a two‐axis active mass damper driven by a hydraulic actuator has been developed, which effectively reduces the vibration of ship superstructures. A prototype model damper unit has been tested in a laboratory, which proved to corroborate closely the high performance of the design estimated from simulated calculations.It is shown that;1. The acceleration generated in the model structure by a sinusoidal exciting vibration was reduced to about 1/5 upon actuation of the device, and2. A similar reduction of acceleration, to about 1/5, was obtained when the exciting vibration wave pattern reproduced the actual movement of a ship at sea.
Applications of Superconductivity to Very Shallow Water Mine Sweeping
Authors: GOLDA E. MICHAEL , WALTERS JOSEPH D. , GREEN GEOFFREY F. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTRecent experiences in the Persian Gulf have clearly demonstrated the need for improved mine sweeping, or mine counter‐measures (MCM), to support amphibious operations. Characteristics of MCM systems currently used to counter magnetic influence mines restrict sweep rates, limit the ability to accurately simulate a ship's magnetic signature, and require a minimum water depth. Advances in superconducting technology over the last twenty years have significantly increased the feasibility of superconducting mine countermeasures (SCMCM) for magnetic influence mines. An SCMCM system would be small, light, and simple compared to currently deployed MCM systems. Superconducting magnets could be fabricated in steady state configurations or configurations that would significantly improve the ability to simulate non‐symmetric, time‐varying magnetic signatures of ships. SCMCM systems could be deployed from either surface or airborne platforms. An airborne system would protect the magnet from blast damage, permit the highest sweep rates, and allow unrestricted sweeping over entire amphibious objective areas, including the surf. A light weight SCMCM system would permit use of additional airborne platforms which may include remotely piloted airborne vehicles. Remotely piloted surface or airborne vehicles would totally eliminate risks to personnel. An SCMCM system could be demonstrated immediately utilizing existing technology and may offer significant advantages over existing MCM systems used to counter magnetic influence mines in very shallow water.
CAD/CAM Goes to Sea: the SA'AR‐5 Design and Construction
Authors: LINDGREN JOHN R. , SOLITARIO WILLIAM A. , MOORE ARNOLD P. , STREIFF MICHEL A. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTThe SA'ARJ Corvette Program is the first major warship construction to be entirely accomplished using a 3‐dimensiona1, interference checked computer based design.This paper discusses the organization and approach used to create the design models which form the basis for interference checking as well as the source of extracted production data. The design or product model is the nucleus of the computer data base that defines the configuration of the entire ship. The data base includes geometry, weight, and material, as well as production control data. The ability of the computer to link such diverse information is the key to maintaining configuration control during the course of the design and construction. The ease with which formatted manufacturing data (both N.C. fabrication and installation) can be extracted enables the preparation of detailed packages containing the desired geometry as well as the associated material and sequencing data, thus assuring the producibility of the design. The SA'AR‐5 design is CAD/CAM's state of the art in U.S. shipbuilding.
Comparison of Shock Test Methods of MIL‐S‐901 Derived from Tests on a Circuit Breaker & Switchboard
Authors: BRADLEY THOMAS L. , DAVES TED M. , McCAMPBELL STEVEN L. , YKEMA JOHN I. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTFor shipboard equipment to qualify as shock‐hardened, it must pass a shock test in accordance with the military shock test specification, MIL‐S‐901 [1]. The test methods prescribed by MIL‐S‐901 have gone essentially unchanged since 1963. All equipment is divided into three test categories, depending on weight, and a different shock test machine is specified for each weight category. The heavy weight category is further subdivided depending on the method of mounting within the ship, namely deck mounted or hull mounted.The authors have observed cases when equipment passing MIL‐S‐901 shock qualification testing using one method (e.g., the medium weight) failed when tested on another method (e.g., the floating shock platform). Concern about this difference in shock phenomena between the approved equipment performance stimulated the authors to perform the testing and analysis presented in this paper. The thirty year old test methods which have contributed significantly to shock survivability may not always simulate adequately the actual shipboard installation during shock qualification testing, thus leading to a false confidence level that all qualified equipment will perform well in combat.To explore the possible variations in shock phenomena from the different methods, an extensive testing program was conducted whereby a 100 ampere circuit breaker was subjected to shock testing under the four methods outlined in MIL‐S‐901D, namely, lightweight, medium weight, heavy weight deck, and heavy weight hull. The data gathered during the testing, and the performance of the equipment under test, were both evaluated and analyzed to observe differences in shock phenomena from each of the four different test methods.The shock testing methods, the equipment which was subjected to test, the test procedures, and the results of the investigation are described in this paper. The recommendations suggest improvements to the Navy shock testing methods and procedures.
The Implementation of the Ship's Position Control System for the Royal Navy Single Role Minehunter
Authors: MABEY JOHN P. , BURT ADRIAN M. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTThis paper describes the Ship Position Control System (SPCS) for the Single Role Minehunter (SRMH). The SPCS is implemented using standard printed circuit boards (PCBs) from the VTC D86 range and is connected to the minehunting system via a 1553B data bus. The SPCS automatically controls the vessel during minehunting operations giving Track keeping and Hover facilities. Manual control is provided via a fixed joystick on the bridge and a portable version that may be connected to the SPCS from several positions around the vessel. An autopilot is provided for long passages.Extensive use of a ship simulation was made during the development of the SPCS to assist in algorithm design and testing. A trials logging/tuning facility was developed to simplify trials tuning and trouble shooting that has proved to be very useful.The SPCS has several Track keeping to Hover transition modes that enable minehunting to be carried out under fully automatic control, thus relieving the Quartermaster of a very difficult and tiring task.The SPCS has completed its acceptance trials and is now in use by the Royal Navy. The SPCS is one of the reasons that the Single Role Minehunter is one of the most advanced minehunters in the world today.
Accuracy Requirements for Measurement Systems with Uniform and Normal Errors
Authors: SNOW JEFFREY M. , STUCKMAN BRUCE E. , USHER JOHN S. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTAccuracy requirements are usually determined as a percentage of the specification range of the measured part or process. Setting accuracy requirements in this manner results in a wide and unpredictable range of false rejection and acceptance probabilities. This causes extra costs due to either: 1) over specification of measurement systems accuracy requirements; 2) time, effort, retesting, and resolution of false rejections; or 3) system degradation caused by false acceptance of out‐of‐specification parts. Achieving a consistent and known risk of false acceptance is only possible by considering the measured process Cpk, the process's mean in relation to the center of the specification range, and the measurement system error distribution.This paper presents a method for calculating the probabilities of false rejection and false acceptance for a normal process which is measured with, alternately, uniform and normally distributed error. It is shown that under most conditions uniform error causes 20% to 30% higher false rejection and acceptance probabilities. Thus, knowledge of measurement error distribution could provide lower total production cost.
Navy High Energy Laser Weapon System
Authors: FERREIRA DAVID M. , MARCELL FREDERICK C. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTThis paper will historically review and describe the Navy High Energy Laser Weapon System (HELWS).Advances in anti‐ship cruise missiles (ASMs), which present the greatest challenge in surface ship self defense, are necessitating the development of significantly more sophisticated and expensive surface‐to‐air missiles in order to counter the threat. The next generation of ASMs, as represented by the French ANS, will be capable of skimming only meters above the sea surface at multi‐mach speeds, while performing evasive maneuvers during terminal run‐in. This type of threat has essentially eliminated naval gun systems from the role of ship self‐defense, and has significantly reduced the effectiveness of current missile systems.Under development for the past twenty years, the High Energy Chemical Laser appears to be a feasible solution to the ship self‐defense problem. Capable of operating effectively in all weather conditions except dense fog, a HELWS requires no conventional fire control solution, since it operates at the speed of light. Any target that can be tracked can be engaged. Furthermore, once the beam director is locked onto a target, the system is insensitive to target maneuvers. By tailoring the lase period to the threat, the effective Pk of an HELWS is essentially 1. Using chemical energy as a primary power source removes the requirement for additional costly and heavy power generation equipment aboard ship. In the context of the foregoing arguments, cost per kill becomes a fraction of the cost of a two‐round missile salvo.The technology required to field a shipboard HELWS has been demonstrated by the Navy Mid‐InfraRed Advanced Chemical Laser (MIRACL) and the Sea Lite Beam Director (SLBD). Its success in bringing down a Mach 2.2 Vandal missile in 1989 was dramatic proof of the effectiveness of such a system. Recent studies have shown that the MIRACL/SLBD can be repackaged as a HELWS to fit into the equivalent volume occupied by a 5“/54 Mk 45 gun mount and its associated magazine. Replacing the gun system with this HELWS package would result in a 15 percent reduction in weight and translate to a 5 percent improvement in ship stability because of the weight redistribution.The one remaining issue is an operational demonstration of the High Energy Laser Weapon System in a shipboard environment. The Navy is currently studying the possibility of conducting an advanced technology demonstration of a shipboard HELWS to begin in FY 95. Such a demonstration will be designed to resolve the remaining issues associated with using high energy lasers for self‐defense at sea.
Design and Hydromechanic Aspects of the Amphibious Transport Vessel for the Royal Netherlands Navy
Authors: HOPMAN HANS , KAPSENBERG GEERT K. , KRIKKE EGBERT MARNIX 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTIn order to meet an increasing demand of amphibious lift capacity and logistic support, the Royal Netherlands Navy decided to procure an amphibious transport vessel (ATS), designed as a Landing Platform Dock (LPD). In the first part of this paper an outline of missions and tasks is provided, followed by a description of the preliminary design which has been produced by the Directorate of Materiel of the Royal Netherlands Navy.The ATS, now in the final stage of the forward design phase, will be able to transport a number of landing craft, six LCVP MK HI of the R Nl Navy or four LCVP MK 9B's of the Royal Navy, in a well dock. A major requirement is that embarking and disembarking operations will be possible for sea conditions up to Sea State 4. These operations can only be possible with low wave motions in the well dock.An extensive research program was carried out to investigate the hydromechanic aspects of the well dock design, in order to assess the safety of embarking and disembarking of landing craft and to minimize wave motions in the dock.After performing reference seakeeping tests with a model of a proven design (Fearless class, RN) at MARIN, a preliminary design of the ATS was tested: motion and wave measurements as well as observations with radio controlled models of landing craft. A number of options for improvement of the well dock configuration were investigated.The research provided insight in the relation between design and environmental parameters and wave motions in the dock, and resulted in a well dock design optimized for embarking and disembarking operations within design constraints.
A Microcomputer Program for Post‐Processing Side‐Scan Sonar Data
Authors: Linder C. A. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTHigh resolution shallow water side‐scan sonars are mapping instruments that produce detailed images of the seafloor over which they are towed. Side‐scan sonars are used for a variety of applications, including geologic surveying and minehunting. Raw side‐scan data, stored on digital tape, contains many geometric and radiometric errors. Post‐processing corrects these errors and maximizes the usefulness of the data.The Borland PASCAL program SIDESCAN has been developed for sonograph display and analysis. The program runs on standard MS‐DOS microcomputers and displays fully corrected image segments and mosaics. Merging satellite navigation data with the side scan imagery yields ground registered images, allowing a user to accurately locate (in latitude/longitude corrdinates) and measures any bottom feature or overlay bathymetric contours. A digital image of the Severn River bottom demonstrates the power of the process.
Design Algorithms for Primary and Secondary Loads on SWATH Ships
Authors: Sikora Jerome P. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACT  The scantlings of SWATH ships must be designed to withstand the primary and secondary badings imposed by the seaway. These loadings are not as well known for SWATH ships as they are for conventional monohull ships. Previous studies used Froude scaled response characteristics from model tests to predict the maximum lifetime primary loads (transverse bending of the strut and lower hull assemblies). Design algorithms were developed from these studies for ships in the 3.000 to 30.000 ton range. Lacking comparable guidance for smaller ships, these algorithms have frequently been misapplied to smaller vessels. This paper extends the previous method and develops primary bad algorithms for ships as small as 50 tons.Also presented herein are algorithms for predicting the slam impact pressures (secondary loads) for SWATHs in the 50 to 30.000 ton size range. Slam pressure measurements from four SWATH ships and two models were Froude scaled to different size ships, pressure area curves were used to convert the pressures to one square meter patch loads, and maximum lifetime values were extrapolated using empirically derived distributions. Next, conservative design algorithms were generated for both pressure magnitudes and distributions. These algorithms are useful for preliminary design studies and are not intended to replace or supplant experimental data for a particular design.
Pearl Harbor Naval Base's Donut‐Free Bilge and Oily Wastewater Disposal Program
Authors: Gensure Lieutenant John R. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACT  In April 1991, the Chief of Naval Operations directed all Naval activities to eliminate the use of Oil Disposal Rafts (donuts) as soon as possible for the disposal of bilge and oily wastewater. Pearl Harbor Naval Shipyard removed its donuts from service in 1991, and as of 1 October 1994, all donuts have been removed from service throughout the Pearl Harbor Naval Complex.Bilge and oily wastewater are composed of approximately 96 percent water, 3 percent oil, and 1 percent sludge. Oils and metals in suspension prevent bilge and oily wastewater from being processed via conventional industrial wastewater or used oil treatment facilities.In December 1992, Pearl Harbor Oily Waste/Waste Oil (OWWO) Task Force initiated a Bilge and Oily Wastewater Management Plan based on the utilization of Bilge and Oily Wastewater Treatment Trains for the treatment of bilge and oily wastewater. The Treatment Trains processes influent wastewater, producing solidified sludge, used oil, and treated effluent wastewater that meets federal and state discharge limits for sewage disposal.During the period December 1992 to July 1995, Pearl Harbor Naval Base's Treatment Trains successfully processed over 11.6 million gallons of bilge and oily wastewater realizing an estimated cost savings of between $2.0 and $5.0 million over contracting out for the same service.
Powering the Future with the Integrated Power System
Authors: Doerry Norbert , Robey Henry , Amy John , Petry Chester 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTFor the past four years, Advanced Surface Machinery Programs (SEA 03R2) has been developing the Integrated Power System (IPS) to reduce ship acquisition and life cycle costs while still meeting all ship performance requirements. IPS provides electrical power to ship service loads and electric propulsion for a wide range of ship applications including surface combatants, aircraft carriers, amphibious ships, auxiliary ships, sealift and high value commercial ships. IPS consists of an architecture and a family of modules from which affordable and high performance configurations can be developed for the full range of ship applications. Two years ago, the initial IPS concepts were presented at ASNE Day 1994. Since then, much has been learned through the Reduced Scale Advanced Development (RSAD) and Full Scale Advanced Development (FSAD) programs. This paper describes the fundamental IPS architecture, details the evolving “family of modules” and their interface standards, and outlines the “Mass Customization” based design process for achieving customer performance requirements with an affordable IPS configuration.
Risk Reduction Through Public Participation in Environmental Decisions
Authors: Rahl Gary M. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACT  Public participation has become central to environmental policy throughout the U.S. Navy, and throughout all levels of our government. In less than a decade, public involvement has fundamentally changed the government's approach to environmental decision making. However, participation can take many forms and can facilitate or impede action depending on how it is managed in particular contexts.This paper explores several fundamental components of effective public participation, and discusses examples that provide useful lessons for individuals tasked with engaging members of the public. In assessing what constitutes effective public participation, the author suggests a role for Navy environmental managers and decision makers that protects the Navy's ability to conduct work effectively and efficiently, while recognizing the value of public involvement.