bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous quantification of fludarabine and cyclophosphamide in human plasma by high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Silvertand L. H. H. , Vazvaei F. , Weigl P. , Rosing H. , Hillebrand M. J. X. , van Maanen M. J. , Beijnen J. H. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractFludarabine and cyclophosphamide are anticancer agents mainly used in the treatment of hematologic malignancies. We have developed and validated an assay using high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry for the quantification of fludarabine in combination with cyclophosphamide in human heparin and human EDTA plasma. Sample pre‐treatment consisted of a protein precipitation with cold acetonitrile (−20°C) using 250 µL of plasma. Separation was performed on an Extend C18 column (150 × 2.1 mm i.d.; 5 µm) with a stepwise gradient using 1 mM ammonia solution and acetonitrile at a flow rate of 400 µL/min. The analytical run time was 12 min. The triple quadrupole mass spectrometer was operated in the positive ion mode and multiple reaction monitoring was used for drug quantification. The method was validated over a concentration range of 1 to 100 ng/mL for fludarabine and cyclophosphamide in human heparin and human EDTA plasma. The coefficients of variation were <13.9% for inter‐ and intra‐day precisions. Mean accuracies were also within the designated limits (±15%). The analytes were stable in plasma, processed extracts and in stock solution under all relevant conditions. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mass spectrometric studies of the formation and reactivity of trans‐[PtCl2(Am)(piperidinopiperidine)] · HCl complexes with ubiquitin
Authors: Balter Liliana , Gibson Dan 
Published: November 2005

Abstracttrans‐[PtCl2(Am)(pip‐pip)] · HCl complexes, where Am = ammine, methylamine and dimethylamine, react with ubiquitin to form 1:1 covalent adducts. The platinum complexes bind exclusively to Met1 of ubiquitin forming trans‐[PtCl(S‐Met1‐Ub)(Am)(pip‐pip)] adducts. These adducts are reactive towards nucleophiles and react with deoxyguanosine (dGMP) to form the ternary trans‐[Pt(dGMP)(S‐Met1‐Ub) (Am)(pip‐pip)] complex which is stable in water and even in the presence of excess glutathione (GSH). Reaction of trans‐[PtCl(S‐Met1‐Ub)(Am)(pip‐pip)] with GSH resulted in the rapid formation of the ternary complex trans‐[Pt(GS)(S‐Met1‐Ub)(Am)(pip‐pip)] which was not stable and slowly lost the platinum moiety; after 7 days the platinum moiety was completely removed and the native ubiquitin was regenerated. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rapid accurate mass desorption electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometry of pharmaceutical samples
Authors: Williams Jonathan P. , Scrivens James H. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractDesorption electrospray ionisation (DESI) has been successfully combined with a hybrid quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometer to provide mass spectra and product ion mass spectra of active ingredients formulated in pharmaceutical tablets, gels and ointments. Accurate mass data has been obtained from the DESI mass spectra and of the product ion fragments of selected ions, greatly enhancing the selectivity and information content of the experiment. This accurate mass information only takes seconds to acquire since the DESI technique does not require any sample preparation or extraction prior to mass analysis. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A telerobotic haptic system for minimally invasive stereotactic neurosurgery
Authors: Rossi A , Trevisani A , Zanotto V 
Published: November 2005

AbstractMedical robotics and computer assisted surgery are feasible and promising applications of robotic technology, whose main goals are surgical augmentation, information enhancement and improved surgical action. Neurosurgery probably presents the most major challenges, and can considerably benefit from the introduction of computers and robots to guide surgical procedures. This paper presents an innovative master‐slave haptic robotic system for minimally invasive neurosurgery, which can help surgeons overcome human shortcomings and perform more accurate, repeatable, and reliable stereotactic neurosurgery. The system, named LANS, consists of a slave mechatronic actuator and a haptic master. The slave is designed to move linearly a laser pointer, a biopsy needle or a low‐energy X‐ray emitter along a pre‐planned axis. The tool insertion into the brain is guided by the surgeon through the haptic master which also provides force feedback to the operator. Not only can the haptic master reproduce the contact force between the surgical tool and the treated tissue, but it can also produce virtual forces aimed at assisting surgeons during the operations. Experiments have been conducted to prove the soundness and accuracy of the overall system mechanical design and to assess the effectiveness of the control schemes synthesized for the master and the slave. Copyright © 2005 Robotic Publications Ltd.
Preoperative planning system for surgical robotics setup with kinematics and haptics
Authors: Hayashibe M , Suzuki N , Hashizume M , Kakeji Y , Konishi K , Suzuki S , Hattori A 
Published: November 2005

AbstractRecently, some useful robotic surgical systems have been developed and applied in many surgical situations. Systems such as the da VinciTM surgical system of Intuitive Surgical Inc., which facilitates minimally invasive surgery with increased dexterity, are commercially available. Preoperative simulation and planning of surgical robot setups should accompany advanced robotic surgery if their advantages are to be further pursued. Feedback from the planning system will play an essential role in computer‐aided robotic surgery in addition to preoperative detailed geometric information from patient CT/MRI images. Surgical robot setup simulation systems for appropriate trocar site placement have been developed especially for abdominal surgery. The motion of the surgical robot can be simulated and rehearsed with kinematic constraints at the trocar site, and the inverse‐kinematics of the robot. Results from simulation using clinical patient data verify the effectiveness of the proposed system. Copyright © 2005 Robotic Publications Ltd.
Robotic microsurgical vasovasostomy and vasoepididymostomy in rats
Authors: Schiff J , Li P S , Goldstein M 
Published: November 2005

AbstractRobotic and robotic assisted procedures are rapidly increasing in popularity amongst practicing surgeons and urologists. Robotic techniques are now commonly used to perform radical prostatectomies for prostate cancer and pyeloplasties for uretero‐pelvic junction obstruction. Other robotic procedures include robotic assisted coronary artery bypass and partial nephrectomies. We initially studied the da Vinci surgical robot in order to determine the feasibility of adapting the robot to microsurgical vasovasostomy and vasoepididymostomy. In this paper, we describe our experience in developing a set of practice exercises using the da Vinci robot to prepare for these microsurgical procedures. We also review the design and results of our studies of robotic microsurgical vasovasostomy and vasoepididymostomy in rats.Finally, we discuss the potential future roles of robotic microsurgery in urology and surgery. Copyright © 2005 Robotic Publications Ltd.
Regular graphs whose subgraphs tend to be acyclic
Authors: Alon Noga , Bachmat Eitan 
Published: November 2005

AbstractMotivated by a problem that arises in the study of mirrored storage systems, we describe, for any fixed ε, δ > 0, and any integer d ≥ 2, explicit or randomized constructions of d‐regular graphs on n > n0(ε, δ) vertices in which a random subgraph obtained by retaining each edge, randomly and independently, with probability
$\rho={1-\epsilon \over d-1}$, is acyclic with probability at least 1 − δ. On the other hand we show that for any d‐regular graph G on n > n1(ε, δ) vertices, a random subgraph of G obtained by retaining each edge, randomly and independently, with probability $\rho={1+\epsilon \over d-1}$, does contain a cycle with probability at least 1 − δ. The proofs combine probabilistic and combinatorial arguments, with number theoretic techniques. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 2006
The “physics” of capacity and backlog management in service and custom manufacturing supply chains
Authors: Anderson Edward G. , Morrice Douglas J. , Lundeen Gary 
Published: November 2005

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate the dynamic behavior of service supply chains in the presence of varying demand and information sharing. Each stage holds no finished goods inventory, rather only backlogs that can be managed solely by adjusting capacity. These conditions reflect the reality of many service (and custom manufacturing, such as capital equipment) supply chains. While there is a growing literature on finished goods inventory management in supply chains, relatively little research exists on managing capacity in the absence of finished goods inventory. To address this problem, we develop a capacity management model for a serial chain. At each stage in the supply chain, our model relates capacity, processing, backlog, and service delays to capture the aggregate dynamic interactions between the different stages. Using a system dynamics simulation model in an experimental design as well as a formal analysis of a simplified, yet representative, model using control theory and signal analysis techniques, we characterize the conditions under which a “bullwhip effect” (i.e., an increase in demand and backlog variability as one looks up the supply chain) can occur. We then study the impact of different management strategies and levels of information visibility on capacity and service delay variability in a two‐stage model.Conventional wisdom, derived from studies of make‐to‐stock manufacturing supply chains, strongly supports lead‐time reduction in order to mitigate the bullwhip effect. We show that lead‐time reduction can exacerbate the bullwhip effect in a service or custom manufacturing setting if it is not carefully coordinated with capacity adjustment. In particular, lead‐time reduction generally reduces backlog variance locally but often increases backlog variances at higher stages. Further, sharing end‐customer demand reduces backlog variances as in inventory supply chains but over‐reliance on it relative to local information may actually increase demand variance at higher stages. Finally, we show that the natural tendency to pursue system‐wide process improvement by imposing uniform parameter targets across the supply chain exacerbates demand, capacity, and backlog variances at higher stages. Instead, we show that a superior policy is asymmetric, holding the bulk of system backlog at the stage closest to the point of end customer demand. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Segmented Pt/Ru, Pt/Ni, and Pt/RuNi Nanorods as Model Bifunctional Catalysts for Methanol Oxidation
Authors: Liu Fang , Lee Jim Yang , Zhou Wei Jiang 
Published: November 2005

AbstractFive‐segment (Pt‐Ru‐Pt‐Ru‐Pt, Pt‐Ni‐Pt‐Ni‐Pt, and Pt‐RuNi‐Pt‐RuNi‐Pt) nanorods with the same overall rod length and the same total Pt segment length were prepared by sequential electrodeposition of the metals into the pores of commercially available anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) membranes. Field‐emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) showed that the nanorods were about 210 nm in diameter and about 1.5 μm in length. The alternating Pt and oxophilic metal(s) segments could be easily differentiated in backscattered‐electron images. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of the nanorods indicated that Pt and Ni were polycrystalline with fcc structures, Ru was hcp, and the co‐deposited RuNi adopted the nickel fcc structure with some negative shifts in the Bragg angles. The chemical states of Pt, Ru, and Ni on the nanorod surface were assayed by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and the presence of Pt0, PtII, PtIV, Ru0, RuVI, Ni0, and NiII was observed. The nanorods were catalytically active for the room‐temperature electrooxidation of methanol in acidic solutions. The relative rates of reaction showed the Pt‐RuNi pair sites as having the lowest overpotential to dissociate water, the highest catalytic activity in methanol oxidation, and the strongest CO‐tolerance in the potential window employed. The use of segmented nanorods with identifiable Pt–oxophilic metal(s) interfaces removes many of the ambiguities in the interpretation of experimental data from conventional alloy catalysts, thereby enabling a direct comparison of the activities of various types of pair sites in methanol oxidation.
Untersuchungen zu dynamischen Eigenschaften verkleideter Stahlskelette
Authors: Ciesielski Roman , Fiszer Paweł , Gwóźdź Marian 
Published: November 2005

AbstractIm Rahmen eines Forschungsprojekts der Technischen Universität Krakau wurde die Wirkung von Verkleidungen auf Stahlskelette untersucht. Auf sechs verschiedene Arten wurde ein zweifeldriger Rahmen mit leichter Verkleidung versteift. Im vorliegenden Aufsatz werden die Ergebnisse des dynamischen Versuchsprogramms vorgestellt. Die Analyse der ermittelten dynamischen Eigenschaften zeigt, daß eine Verkleidung die dynamische Steifigkeit der Konstruktion und die Grundfrequenz ihrer Eigenschwingung im Vergleich zu einer Rahmenkonstruktion ohne Verkleidung erhöht.
Schweißen unter Betriebsbeanspruchung – Numerische und experimentelle Bestimmung des Temperaturfeldes beim Schweißen
Authors: Peil Udo , Wichers Michael 
Published: November 2005

AbstractDie Bestimmung von Schweißeigenspannungen mittels experimenteller Meßverfahren gestattet nur eine punktuelle oder kleinflächige Aussage über die im Bauteil auftretende Spannungsverteilung. Aussagen über die zeitliche Veränderung sind nur im begrenzten Umfang möglich. Im nachstehenden Aufsatz sollen die Grundlagen für die numerische Bestimmung des transienten Temperaturfeldes in einem Bauteil durch den Wärmeeintrag infolge eines MAG‐Schweißlichtbogens vorgestellt werden. Die numerische Berechnung des transienten Temperaturfeldes dient als Grundlage einer strukturmechanischen Betrachtung zur Eigenspannungsermittlung mittels der FE‐Methode. Abschluß der Arbeit bildet ein Vergleich zwischen numerischer Simulation und Temperaturmessung an realen Schweißproben.
Assimilation, dissimilation, and detoxification of formaldehyde, a central metabolic intermediate of methylotrophic metabolism
Authors: Yurimoto Hiroya , Kato Nobuo , Sakai Yasuyoshi 
Published: November 2005

AbstractMethanol is a valuable raw material used in the manufacture of useful chemicals as well as a potential source of energy to replace coal and petroleum. Biotechnological interest in the microbial utilization of methanol has increased because it is an ideal carbon source and can be produced from renewable biomass. Formaldehyde, a cytotoxic compound, is a central metabolic intermediate in methanol metabolism. Therefore, microorganisms utilizing methanol have adopted several metabolic strategies to cope with the toxicity of formaldehyde. Formaldehyde is initially detoxified through trapping by some cofactors, such as glutathione, mycothiol, tetrahydrofolate, and tetrahydromethanopterin, before being oxidized to CO2. Alternatively, free formaldehyde can be trapped by sugar phosphates as the first reaction in the C1 assimilation pathways: the xylulose monophosphate pathway for yeasts and the ribulose monophosphate (RuMP) pathway for bacteria. In yeasts, although formaldehyde generation and consumption takes place in the peroxisome, the cytosolic formaldehyde oxidation pathway also plays a role in formaldehyde detoxification as well as energy formation. The key enzymes of the RuMP pathway are found in a variety of microorganisms including bacteria and archaea. Regulation of the genes encoding these enzymes and their catalytic mechanisms depend on the physiological traits of these organisms during evolution. © 2005 The Japan Chemical Journal Forum and Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Chem Rec 5: 367–375; 2005: Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com) DOI 10.1002/tcr.20056
One course is not enough: Preservice elementary teachers' retention of improved views of nature of science
Authors: Akerson Valarie L. , Morrison Judith A. , McDuffie Amy Roth 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThis study examined the views, and the retention of these views, of 19 preservice elementary teachers as they learned about nature of science (NOS). The preservice teachers participated in a cohort group as they took a science methods course during which they received explicit reflective instruction in nature of science. Through Views of Nature of Science version B (VNOS‐B) surveys and interviews it was found that most preservice teachers held inadequate ideas of nature of science prior to instruction, but improved their views after one semester of instruction in the science methods course. However, 5 months after instruction, the graduate preservice teachers were again interviewed and it was found that several of the students reverted back to their earlier views. The results are interpreted through Perry's scheme, and implications and recommendations for elementary science teacher education are made. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 43: 194–213, 2006
Analysis of internal drive train dynamics in a wind turbine
Authors: Peeters Joris L. M. , Vandepitte Dirk , Sas Paul 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThree types of multibody models are presented for the investigation of the internal dynamics of a drive train in a wind turbine. The first approach is limited to the analysis of torsional vibrations only. Then a rigid multibody model is presented with special focus on the representation of the bearings and gears in the drive train. The generic model implementation can be used for parallel as well as planetary gear stages with both helical and spur gears. Examples for different gear stages describe the use of the presented formulations. Furthermore, the influence of the helix angle and the flexibility of the bearings on the results of eigenmode calculations are discussed. The eigenmodes of a planetary stage are classified as rotational, translational or out‐of‐plane modes. Thirdly, the extension to a flexible multibody model is presented as a method to include directly the drive train components' flexibilities. Finally, a comparison of two different modelling techniques is discussed for a wind turbine's drive train with a helical parallel gear stage and two planetary gear stages. In addition, the response calculation for a torque input at the generator demonstrates which eigenmodes can be excited through this path. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Activation of S phase checkpoint by cigarette smoke extract in Schizosaccharomyces pombe
Authors: Chaudhuri Santanu Pal , Sundaram Geetanjali , Bhattacharya Abhishek , Ray Partha , Ray Anirban , Chatterjee Indu Bhushan , Chattopadhyay Dhrubajyoti 
Published: November 2005

AbstractCigarette smoke has long been recognized as a major environmental pollutant that can cause significant damage to the cellular macromolecules. Although much is known about the types of damage, little is known about the cellular responses to the stress caused by cigarette smoke. We have used the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe to elucidate the overall cellular responses towards cigarette smoke. Here, we demonstrate that fission yeast cells exposed to aqueous extract of cigarette smoke exhibit cell cycle arrest and cell death in a dose‐dependent manner. Cigarette smoke treatment also results in accumulation of reactive oxygen species, unusual nuclear morphology and altered cellular structure. Our data further establish activation of the S phase checkpoint in cigarette smoke‐exposed Sz. pombe cells. The checkpoint proteins Rad3, Rad26, Rad17, Rad1, Hus1 and Cds1 play key roles in this process, as evidenced by cell survival and biochemical analysis, although another checkpoint protein, Rad9, seems to be less required. Our results also suggest involvement of the stress‐activated protein kinase Spc1/Sty1 and the bZIP transcription factors Atf1 and Pap1 in the cellular response towards cigarette smoke extract. These findings indicate activation of the critical S phase checkpoint and cell cycle arrest in Sz. pombe following CSE assault. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Taurine deficiency in maned wolves (Chrysocyon brachyurus) maintained on two diets manufactured for prevention of cystine urolithiasis
Authors: Childs‐Sanford Sara E. , Angel C. Roselina 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThis study assesses the long‐term effects of an experimental diet vs. a commercially available manufactured diet, intended to reduce clinical disease related to cystinuria, on the taurine status of captive maned wolves. For 13 weeks, two pairs of maned wolves were maintained on the commercially available maintenance diet, whereas two individually housed wolves were maintained on the experimental diet. All six wolves, at the beginning and at the end of the diet trial, had severely decreased plasma concentrations of taurine (as compared to the normal canine reference range of 60–120 nmol/ml) (National Research Council [2003] National Academies Press) with average taurine concentrations of 16 nmol/ml at the beginning of the study and 3 nmol/ml at the end of the study. There was no statistically significant difference in the taurine concentrations between animals on the maintenance vs. experimental diets. Both diets were supplemented subsequently with taurine at a concentration of 0.3%. All study animals were eventually switched to the taurine‐supplemented version of the commercially manufactured maintenance diet and subsequent samplings were carried out to monitor plasma taurine concentrations. A final sampling, carried out approximately 5 months after the initiation of taurine supplementation, showed an average taurine concentration within the target canine reference range (90.25 nmol/ml). There are numerous physiologic (e.g., possible unique metabolism and requirements for taurine in this species as compared to other canids) and dietary factors (e.g., effects of the types and concentrations of fiber and protein on nutrient availability, taurine metabolism, and enterohepatic circulation of taurine‐conjugated bile salts; impaired taurine synthesis secondary to low cysteine availability) that could be potential contributors to the development of taurine deficiency in the maned wolves in this study. Taurine supplementation should be considered in maned wolves maintained on diets intended for reduction of cystinuria‐related complications. Zoo Biol 0:1–14, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Morphology of the blood cells from three species of wobbegong sharks (Orectolobus species) on the east coast of New South Wales
Authors: Old J.M. , Huveneers C. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThis study is the first study to describe blood cell morphology, using light microscopy, for three species of wild‐caught wobbegong shark. Blood cell morphology was similar to that described previously in fish. Wobbegong sharks possess erythrocytes, at least three different morphological types of thrombocytes, lymphocytes, eosinophils, neutrophils, granuloblasts and monocytes. No basophils were observed in this study. Similarities and differences in morphological appearance of wobbegong shark blood cells compared to Chondrichthyes, teleosts and mammalian blood cells are discussed. Zoo Biol 0:1–10, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.