bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immunonanogold Catalytic Resonance Scattering Spectral Assay of Trace Immunoglobulin M
Authors: LIANG Ai‐Hui , WANG Su‐Mei , JIANG Zhi‐Liang 
Published: August 2008

AbstractGold nanoparticles of 10 nm were prepared by the improved method of trisodium citrate, and used to label goat anti‐human immunoglobulin M (anti‐IgM) to obtain a resonance scattering spectral probe for IgM. In pH 4.5 KH2PO4‐Na2HPO4 buffer solution and in the presence of polyethylene glycol, the nanogold‐labeled anti‐IgM was combined with IgM specifically to form immunogold complex particles. After centrifugation, the immunonanogold in the supernatant catalyzed the reduction of AuCl4− ions by NH2OH·HCl to form larger size gold particles in pH 1.9 citrate buffer solution, making the resonance scattering intensity at 580 nm enhanced. The amount of the nanogold‐labeled anti‐IgM in the supernatant decreased with the addition of IgM. The decreased intensity ΔI580 nm was proportional to the concentration of IgM in the range of 0.06–4.80 ng·mL−1. The regression equation was ΔI580 nm=14.5c(IgM)+1.8, with a detection limit of 0.03 ng·mL−1 IgM. The method was applied to the determination of IgM in sera of healthy humans, with satisfactory results.
Synthesis ofo‐[N‐(Substituted benzoyl)‐N‐methylamino]phenyl Disulfides by the Spontaneous Coupling ofN‐Methyl‐2‐mono(substituted phenyl)benzothiazolines in Solution and Their VEGF Inhibitory Activities
Authors: TANG Jian , ZHANG Bei‐Na , GE Mei , ZHU Li , WANG Yang , CHEN Ying , XIA Peng 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe solidN‐methyl‐2‐mono(substituted phenyl)benzothiazolines (1) are stable and can be stored in atmosphere, whereas they present different behavior in different solvents. They are relatively stable in alcohol and DMSO‐H2O. However, in other organic solvents such as acetone, CH2Cl2, CHCl3, EtOAcetc., the oxidation‐coupling reactions occurred spontaneously to give the corresponding disulfide dimers2. The substituents at 2‐phenyl rings, reaction temperature and the acidities of the solutions exerted obvious impacts on the reaction rates and yields of2. 12 samples ofN‐methyl‐2‐(substituted phenyl)benzothiazolines (1) and 11 dimers2were evaluatedinvitrovascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitory activity in human breast cancer cell MDA‐MB‐231 with 2‐methoxyestradiol (2‐ME) as the positive reference and most of them showed potent VEGF inhibitory activity with the EC50values of sub‐millimolar range. Among them, the compounds1l,1i, and2dshowed potent VEGF inhibitory activities and selectivities with EC50values of 0.07, <0.12, and 0.03 mmol/L and SI values of 25, >32 and >32, respectively, which were about 10 times of those of 2‐ME (EC50=0.49 mmol/L, SI=3.37). The results further demonstrated that the scaffolds of1and2were privileged and merited further investigation as VEGF inhibitors.
Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Bioactivities of N‐(4‐Methyl‐ benzamido)‐ N′‐[5‐(2‐trifluoromethylphenyl)‐2‐furoyl]thiourea
Authors: XUE Si‐Jia , BIAN Wang‐Dong , CHAN An , YU Song‐Rui 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe title compound N‐(4‐methylbenzamido)‐N′‐[5‐(2‐trifluoromethylphenyl)‐2‐furoyl]thiourea has been synthesized for the first time and its crystal structure (C21H16F3N3O3S, Mr=447.43) has been determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. The crystal belongs to monoclinic, space group P‐1 with a=0.9677(7) nm, b=1.0461(8) nm, c=1.0771(7) nm, β=98.912(6)°, V=1.0083(12) nm3, Z=2, Dc=1.474 g/cm3, µ=0.22 mm−1, F(000) =460, R=0.0445 and wR=0.194 for 3504 unique reflections with 2598 observed ones [I>2δ(I)]. In the crystal structure, there are some intra‐ and intermolecular hydrogen bonds and C–H··· interaction between the molecules, which stabilize the crystal structure. The preliminary bioassay shows that the title compound exhibits good fungicidal activities against Fusarium oxysporium, Botrytis cinereapers, and Dothiorella gregaria.
A phase 2 trial of sequential temozolomide chemotherapy followed by high‐dose interleukin 2 immunotherapy for metastatic melanoma
Authors: Tarhini Ahmad A. , Kirkwood John M. , Gooding William E. , Moschos Stergios , Agarwala Sanjiv S. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND.Previous biochemotherapy regimens for metastatic melanoma have required attenuated dosages of interleukin 2 (IL‐2) that may have compromised efficacy.METHODS.In a phase 2 study, the authors tested sequential temozolomide (75 mg/m2 per day orally for 3 weeks) followed by high‐dose, IL‐2 (600,000 U/kg per dose intravenously; maximum, 14 doses over 5 days).RESULTS.Thirty‐eight patients with treatment‐naive American Joint Committee on Cancer stage IV melanoma (8 patients with M1a disease, 6 patients with M1b disease, and 24 patients with M1c disease) were enrolled. Ten patients had a history of treated brain metastases. Thirty‐one patients who received at least 2 cycles of IL‐2 were evaluable for response. Grade 3 toxicities included hyperbilirubinemia (9 patients), hematologic toxicities (leukopenia in 5 patients, thrombocytopenia in 3 patients), diarrhea (2 patients), and oliguria (1 patient). One patient had grade 4 nausea. The overall response rate (ORR) was 16% and included 3 complete responses that lasted 10.8 months, ≥32 months, and ≥36 months and 2 partial responses that lasted 13 months and 14 months. Responses were observed in patients with M1a disease and in patients with M1c disease. Sixteen patients had stable disease (15 patients progressed). The median progression‐free survival (PFS) was 5.3 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.7‐7.5 months). The probability of PFS at 6 months was 0.52 (95% CI, 0.33‐0.67). Among 38 enrolled patients, 16 patients remained alive at a median follow‐up of 6.7 months (range, 1.9‐36.1 months). The median overall survival (OS) was 12.1 months (95% CI, 9.1‐16.4 months), and the probability of 12‐month OS was 0.54 (95% CI, 0.34‐0.70 months).CONCLUSIONS.The current results indicated that it is safe to administer HD IL‐2 sequentially with temozolomide and that this combination has lower toxicity than previously used concurrent biochemotherapy regimens. However, The ORR and the durability of responses with this combination did not exceed those of single‐agent HD IL‐2. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
Risk of subsequent endometrial carcinoma associated with endometrial intraepithelial neoplasia classification of endometrial biopsies
Authors: Lacey James V. , Mutter George L. , Nucci Marisa R. , Ronnett Brigitte M. , Ioffe Olga B. , Rush Brenda B. , Glass Andrew G. , Richesson Douglas A. , Chatterjee Nilanjan , Langholz Bryan , Sherman Mark E. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND.Histopathologic diagnosis of endometrial biopsies is used to estimate the risk of progression to carcinoma and guide clinical management. Problems with the widely used World Health Organization (WHO) system for classifying endometrial hyperplasia (EH) have prompted the development of an alternative system based on endometrial intraepithelial neoplasia (EIN). The authors estimated progression risk associated with EIN among endometrial biopsies in a nested case‐control study of EH progression.METHODS.Index biopsies with original community pathology diagnoses of disordered proliferative endometrium (DPEM) or EH that were independently confirmed by a panel of pathologists were independently reviewed and assigned EIN classifications (inadequate, benign, EIN, or cancer) by a second panel of pathologists. Cases (N = 138) progressed to carcinoma at least 1 year (median, 6 years) after their index biopsy. Controls (N = 241) also had EH, did not progress to carcinoma, and were individually matched to cases based on age at EH, date of EH, and length of follow‐up. By using conditional logistic regression, the authors estimated relative risks (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for progression to carcinoma for EIN versus benign.RESULTS.In the EIN system, 71 (52.6%) cases and 159 (66.8%) controls were classified as benign and 42 (31.1%) cases and 65 (27.3%) controls were classified as EIN. The RR for EIN versus benign was 7.76 (95% CI, 3.36‐17.91). In the WHO system, the RR for atypical hyperplasia (AH) versus DPEM, simple hyperplasia, or complex hyperplasia was 9.19 (95% CI, 3.87‐21.83).CONCLUSIONS.Among women observed for at least 1 year after receiving a biopsy‐based EH diagnosis, EIN and AH were both found to have similarly increased risks of progression to carcinoma. Cancer 2008. © Published 2008 by American Cancer Society
Minimal latency to hippocampal epileptogenesis and clinical epilepsy after perforant pathway stimulation‐induced status epilepticus in awake rats
Authors: Bumanglag Argyle V. , Sloviter Robert S. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractHippocampal epileptogenesis is hypothesized to involve secondary mechanisms triggered by initial brain injury. Chemoconvulsant‐induced status epilepticus has been used to identify secondary epileptogenic mechanisms under the assumption that a seizure‐free, preepileptic “latent period” exists that is long enough to accommodate delayed mechanisms. The latent period is difficult to assess experimentally because early spontaneous seizures may be caused or influenced by residual chemoconvulsant that masks the true duration of the epileptogenic process. To avoid the use of chemoconvulsants and determine the latency to hippocampal epileptogenesis and clinical epilepsy, we developed an electrical stimulation‐based method to evoke hippocampal discharges in awake rats and produce hippocampal injury and hippocampal‐onset epilepsy reliably. Continuous video monitoring and granule cell layer recording determined whether hippocampal epileptogenesis develops immediately or long after injury. Bilateral perforant pathway stimulation for 3 hours evoked granule cell epileptiform discharges and convulsive status epilepticus with minimal lethality. Spontaneous stage 3–5 behavioral seizures reliably developed within 3 days poststimulation, and all 72 spontaneous behavioral seizures recorded in 10 animals were preceded by spontaneous granule cell epileptiform discharges. Histological analysis confirmed a reproducible pattern of limited hippocampal and extrahippocampal injury, including an extensive bilateral loss of hilar neurons throughout the hippocampal longitudinal axis. These results indicate that hippocampal epileptogenesis after convulsive status epilepticus is an immediate network defect coincident with neuron loss or other early changes. We hypothesize that the latent period is directly related and inversely proportional to the extent of neuron loss in brain regions involved in seizure initiation, spread, and clinical expression. J. Comp. Neurol. 510:561–580, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Distribution and neurochemical characterization of neurons expressing GIRK channels in the rat brain
Authors: del Burgo Laura Saenz , Cortes Roser , Mengod Guadalupe , Zarate Jon , Echevarria Enrique , Salles Joan 
Published: August 2008

AbstractG‐protein inwardly rectifying potassium (GIRK) channels mediate the synaptic actions of numerous neurotransmitters in the mammalian brain and play an important role in the regulation of neuronal excitability in most brain regions through activation of various G‐protein‐coupled receptors such as the serotonin 5‐HT1Areceptor. In this report we describe the localization of GIRK1, GIRK2, and GIRK3 subunits and 5‐HT1Areceptor in the rat brain, as assessed by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. We also analyze the co‐expression of GIRK subunits with the 5‐HT1Areceptor and cell markers of glutamatergic, γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic, cholinergic, and serotonergic neurons in different brain areas by double‐label in situ hybridization. The three GIRK subunits are widely distributed throughout the brain, with an overlapping expression in cerebral cortex, hippocampus, paraventricular nucleus, supraoptic nucleus, thalamic nuclei, pontine nuclei, and granular layer of the cerebellum. Double‐labeling experiments show that GIRK subunits are present in most of the 5‐HT1Areceptor‐expressing cells in hippocampus, cerebral cortex, septum, and dorsal raphe nucleus. Similarly, GIRK mRNA subunits are found in glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons in hippocampus, cerebral cortex, and thalamus, in cholinergic cells in the nucleus of vertical limb of the diagonal band, and in serotonergic cells in the dorsal raphe nucleus. These results provide a deeper knowledge of the distribution of GIRK channels in different cell subtypes in the rat brain and might help to elucidate their physiological roles and to evaluate their potential involvement in human diseases. J. Comp. Neurol. 510:581–606, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Neonatal hypoxic/ischemic brain injury induces production of calretinin‐expressing interneurons in the striatum
Authors: Yang Zhengang , You Yan , Levison Steven W. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractIschemia‐induced striatal neurogenesis from progenitors in the adjacent subventricular zone (SVZ) in young and adult rodents has been reported. However, it has not been established whether the precursors that reside in the SVZ retain the capacity to produce the full range of striatal neurons that has been destroyed. By using a neonatal rat model of hypoxic/ischemic brain damage, we show here that virtually all of the newly produced striatal neurons are calretinin (CR)‐immunoreactive (+), but not DARPP‐32+, calbindin‐D‐28K+, parvalbumin+, somatostatin+, or choline acetyltransferase+. Retroviral fate‐mapping studies confirm that these newly born CR+ neurons are indeed descendants of the SVZ. Our studies indicate that, although the postnatal SVZ has the capacity to produce a range of neurons, only a subset of this repertoire is manifested in the brain after injury. J. Comp. Neurol. 511:19–33, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Informing family approaches to eating disorder prevention: Perspectives of those who have been there
Authors: Loth Katie A. , Neumark‐Sztainer Dianne , Croll Jillian K. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractObjective:The study explored how aspects of the family environment may relate to the onset of eating disorders.Method:Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 27 individuals currently receiving treatment for eating disorders. Data were analyzed using principles of content analysis.Results:Eight themes emerged regarding recommendations for families to prevent the onset of eating disorders: (1) Enhance parental support; (2) Decrease weight and body talk; (3) Provide a supportive home food environment; (4) Model healthy eating habits and physical activity patterns; (5) Help your children build self‐esteem beyond looks and physical appearance; (6) Encourage appropriate expression of feelings and use of coping mechanisms; (7) Increase your understanding of eating disorder signs and symptoms; and (8) Gain support in dealing appropriately with your own struggles.Discussion:Our results can be utilized to generate new theoretical insights as to how parents can raise children with healthy weight‐related attitudes and behaviors. © 2008 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2009
Microbial Community Dynamics of a Continuous Mesophilic Anaerobic Biogas Digester Fed with Sugar Beet Silage
Authors: Demirel B. , Neumann L. , Scherer P. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe aim of the study was to investigate the long‐term fermentation of an extremely sour substrate without any addition of manure. In the future, the limitation of manure and therefore the anaerobic digestion of silage with a very low buffering capacity will be an increasing general bottleneck for energy production from renewable biomass. During the mesophilic anaerobic digestion of sugar beet silage (without top and leaves) as the sole substrate (without any addition of manure), which had an extreme low pH of around 3.3, the highest specific gas production rate (spec. GPR) of 0.72 L/g volatile solids (VS) d was achieved at a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 25 days compared to an organic loading rate (OLR) of 3.97 g VS/L d at a pH of around 6.80. The methane (CH4) content of the digester ranged between 58 and 67 %, with an average of 63 %. The use of a new charge of substrate (a new harvest of the same substrate) with higher phosphate content improved the performance of the biogas digester significantly. The change of the substrate charge also seemed to affect the methanogenic population dynamics positively, thus improving the reactor performance. Using a new substrate charge, a further decrease in the HRT from 25 to 15 days did not influence the digester performance and did not seem to affect the structure of the methanogenic population significantly. However, a decrease in the HRT affected the size of the methanogenic population adversely. The lower spec. GPR of 0.54 L/g VS d attained on day 15 of the HRT could be attributed to a lower size of methanogenic population present in the anaerobic digester during this stage of the process. Furthermore, since sugar beet silage is a relatively poor substrate, in terms of the buffering capacity and the availability of nutrients, an external supply of buffering agents and nutrients is a prerequisite for a safe and stable digester operation.
Enhancement of the NAD(P)(H) Pool in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Knepper A. , Schleicher M. , Klauke M. , Weuster‐Botz D. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractAsymmetric biosyntheses allow for an efficient production of chiral building blocks. The application of whole cells as biocatalysts for asymmetric syntheses is advantageous because they already contain the essential coenzymes NAD(H) or NADP(H), which additionally can be regenerated in the cells. Unfortunately, reduced catalytic activity compared to the oxidoreductase activity is observed in many cases during whole‐cell biotransformation. This may be caused by low intracellular coenzyme pool sizes and/or a decline in intracellular coenzyme concentrations. To enhance the intracellular coenzyme pool sizes, the effects of the precursor metabolites adenine and nicotinic acid on the intracellular accumulation of NAD(H) and NADP(H) were studied in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Based on the results of simple batch experiments with different precursor additions, fed‐batch processes for the production of yeast cells with enhanced NAD(H) or enhanced NADP(H) pool sizes were developed. Supplementation of the feed medium with 95 mM adenine and 9.5 mM nicotinic acid resulted in an increase of the intracellular NAD(H) concentration by a factor of 10 at the end of the fed‐batch process compared to the reference process. The final NAD(H) concentration remains unchanged if the feed medium was solely supplemented with 95 mM adenine, but intracellular NADP(H) was increased by a factor of 4. The effects of NADP(H) pool sizes on the asymmetric reduction of ethyl‐4‐chloro acetoacetate (CAAE) to the corresponding (S)‐4‐chloro‐3‐hydroxybutanoate (S‐CHBE) was evaluated with S. cerevisiae FasB His6 as an example. An intracellular threshold concentration above 0.07 mM NADP(H) was sufficient to increase the biocatalytic S‐CHBE productivity by 25 % compared to lower intracellular NADP(H) concentrations.
Testing the Efficiency of Biofilms Formed on Natural Substratum, Coyonoxtle (Opuntia Imbricata), for the Anaerobic Degradation of Aromatic Compounds
Authors: Chávez J. A. M. , Balagurusamy N. , Rodríguez‐Martínez J. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractIn this study, previously developed anaerobic microbial consortia capable of degrading aromatic compounds were used to develop biofilms on a natural material, coyonoxtle (Opuntia imbricata), which is abundantly available in North Mexico. The developed biofilms were evaluated for their efficiency in the biodegradation of different aromatic compounds, viz., phenol, catechol, 4‐aminobenzoic acid and p‐phenylenediamine in batch reactors. It was observed that in reactors with biofilms a more than 90 % COD removal and a concomitant production of methane could be obtained. But the rate of COD removal and methane production varied depending upon the type of biofilm used. Rumen‐derived biofilms demonstrated a lag phase of 7 to 14 days, whereas sludge‐derived biofilms exhibited a lag phase of more than three weeks. Between the biofilms from two sources, rumen‐derived biofilms showed a higher COD removal and methane production than sludge‐derived biofilms. When biofilm reactors were compared with reactors containing freely suspended consortia, it was evident that both rumen– and sludge‐derived biofilm reactors exhibited a two‐fold higher COD removal and methane production. Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that coyonoxtle has the potential for use as a substratum.
Residual compressive behavior of alkali‐activated concrete exposed to elevated temperatures
Authors: Guerrieri Maurice , Sanjayan Jay , Collins Frank 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThis paper reports the effect of elevated temperature exposures, up to 1200°C , on the residual compressive strengths of alkali‐activated slag concrete (AASC) activated by sodium silicate and hydrated lime; such temperatures can occur in a fire. The strength performance of AASC in the temperature range of 400–800°C was similar to ordinary Portland cement concrete and blended slag cement concrete, despite the finding that the AASC did not contain Ca(OH)2 , which contributes to the strength deterioration at elevated temperatures for Ordinary Portland Cement and blended slag cement concretes. Dilatometry studies showed that the alkali‐activated slag (AAS) paste had significantly higher thermal shrinkage than the other pastes while the basalt aggregate gradually expanded. This led to a higher thermal incompatibility between the AAS paste and aggregate compared with the other concretes. This is likely to be the governing factor behind the strength loss of AASC at elevated temperatures. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
When less is more: The effect of devolution on HR's strategic role and construed image
Authors: Kulik Carol T. , Perry Elissa L. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThis research explores the possibility that devolving people‐management activities to line managers might transform an HR unit and improve its reputation within its organization. We examined the effect of devolving people‐management responsibilities to line managers on HR managers' construed image—their perceptions of the internal reputation of the HR unit. Results revealed that a devolution strategy had a positive effect on HR managers' perceptions of their unit's reputation among line managers and that this effect was partially mediated by changes in the HR function. Specifically, devolution increased HR's involvement in the operation of business units and in the organization's strategic planning. In turn, this change in HR's strategic role resulted in a more positive construed image for members of the HR unit. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Non‐invasive multiphoton imaging of extracellular matrix structures
Authors: Schenke‐Layland Katja 
Published: August 2008

AbstractMultiphoton microscopy has become a powerful method for the artifact‐free, nondestructive evaluation of deep‐tissue cells and extracellular matrix (ECM) structures in their native environment. By interacting with highly non‐centrosymmetric molecular assemblies such as fibrillar collagen, the non‐linear process called second harmonic generation (SHG) has also proven to be an important diagnostic tool for the visualization of ECM compartmentsin situwith submicron resolution without the need for tissue processing. This review reports on applications of multiphoton‐induced autofluorescence and SHG microscopy to identify collagen and elastic fiber orientation in native, tissue‐engineered and processed, as well as healthy and diseased, tissues and organs. SHG signal profiling was used to quantify ECM damage in various cardiovascular and exocrine tissues, as well as cartilage. These novel imaging modalities open the general possibility of high‐resolutionin situand more importantin vivoimaging of ECM structures, cells and intracellular organelles in living intact tissues. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)