bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new scoring system using multiple immunohistochemical markers for diagnosis of uterine smooth muscle tumors
Authors: Rath‐Wolfson Lea , Rosenblat Yevgenia , Halpern Marisa , Herbert M. , Hammel I. , Gal Rivka , Leabu M. , Koren Rumelia 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe diagnosis of uterine smooth muscle neoplasms by light microscopy is difficult. Multiple classification schemes have been proposed based on mitotic rate, nuclear atypia, and the presence or absence of necrosis. None of these classification systems has been entirely successful. This study was undertaken to evaluate the use of selected immunohistochemical and histochemical markers in differentiating these tumors, in addition to accepted morphologic criteria. Ten cases of each of the following: leiomyosarcomas (LMS), atypical leiomyomas (AL), cellular leiomyomas (CL) and usual leiomyomas (UL), were classically evaluated for histological diagnosis and were stained for Ki‐67 (MIB‐1), bcl‐2 and p53 using monoclonal antibodies and the avidin‐biotin peroxidase method, and argyrophilic nucleolar organizer region (AgNORs). The number of stained cells was counted in the most positively stained region in a 4 mm2 square cover glass mounted on each slide. The mean value was calculated for each group of tumors. The data for Ki‐67 (MIB‐1), bcl‐2, p53 and AgNOR staining respectively, were significantly higher in LMS by comparison to UL, CL or AL. Because many singular cases had superimposed data being difficult to diagnose, a new scoring system for pathological evaluation was created. The results obtained by this scoring system suggest that immunohistochemical markers Ki‐67 (MIB‐1), bcl‐2, p53 together with the AgNOR staining could be useful, by the scoring system, as an adjunct to the current accepted morphologic criteria in differentiating smooth muscle tumors of the uterus.
Age‐associated changes in oxidative damage and the activity of antioxidant enzymes in rats with inherited overgeneration of free radicals
Authors: Sinitsyna Olga , Krysanova Zhanna , Ishchenko A. , Dikalova Anna E. , Stolyarov S. , Kolosova Nataliya , Vasunina Elena , Nevinsky G. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractReactive oxygen species have been hypothesized to play an important role in the process of aging. To investigate the correlation between oxidative stress and accumulation of protein and DNA damage, we have compared the age‐dependent levels of protein carbonyl groups and the activities of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase in cytosol and mitochondrial extracts from liver cells of Wistar and OXYS rats. The latter strain is characterized by increased sensitivity to free radicals. Faster age‐dependent increase in the level of protein carbonyl groups was found in OXYS as compared with Wistar rats. A complicated enzyme‐specific pattern of age‐dependent changes in the activities of antioxidant enzymes was observed. Long‐term uptake of dietary supplements Mirtilene forte (extract from the fruits of Vaccinium myrtillus L.) or Adrusen zinco (vitamin E complex with zinc, copper, selenium and ω‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids) sharply decreased the level of protein oxidation in cytosol and mitochondrial extracts of hepatocytes of Wistar and of OXYS rats. Both dietary supplements increased the activity of catalase in the liver mitochondria of OXYS rats. Our results are in agreement with the shorter life‐span of OXYS and with the mitochondrial theory of aging, which postulates that accumulation of DNA and protein lesions leads to mitochondrial dysfunction and accelerates the process of aging.
Dobesilate diminishes activation of the mitogen ‐ activated protein kinase ERK1/2 in glioma cells
Authors: Cuevas P. , Diaz‐González Diana , Garcia‐Martin‐Córdova C. , Sánchez I. , Lozano Rosa Maria , Giménez‐Gallego G. , Dujovny M. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractFibroblast growth factors (FGFs) and their receptors, regularly expressed at high levels in gliomas, are further upregulated during the transition of the tumor from low‐ to high‐grade malignancy, and are essential for glioma progression. FGFs induce upregulation of the mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling cascade in cultured glioma cells, which suggests that MAPK pathway participates in the FGF‐dependent glioma development. Recently, it has been shown that dobesilate, an inhibitor of FGF mitogenic activity, shows antiproliferative and proapoptotic activities in glioma cell cultures. Accordingly, it should be expected this new synthetic FGF inhibitor to affect the activation levels of MAPK. Here we report that immunocytochemical and Western blot data unequivocally show that treatment of cell cultures with dobesilate causes a significant decrease of the intracellular levels of ERK1/2 activation, one of the components of the MAPK signalling cascade. This finding supports an important role for dobesilate in glioma growth, suggesting that dobesilate should be a treatment to be born in mind for glioma management.
Differential upregulation of Nox homologues of NADPH oxidase by tumor necrosis factor‐α in human aortic smooth muscle and embryonic kidney cells
Authors: Moe K. T. , Aulia S. , Jiang F. , Chua Y. L. , Koh T. H. , Wong M. C. , Dusting G. J. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractNADPH oxidases are important sources of vascular superoxide, which has been linked to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Previously we demonstrated that the Nox4 subunit of NADPH oxidase is a critical catalytic component for superoxide production in quiescent vascular smooth muscle cells. In this study we sought to determine the role of Nox4 in superoxide production in human aortic smooth muscle cells (AoSMC) and embryonic kidney (HEK293) cells under proinflammatory conditions. Incubation with tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α, 10 ng/ml) for 12h increased superoxide production in both cell types, whereas angiotensin II, platelet‐derived growth factor or interleukin‐1β had little effects. Superoxide production was completely abolished by the NADPH oxidase inhibitors diphenyline iodonium and apocynin, but not by inhibitors of xanthine oxidase, nitric oxide synthase or mitochondrial electron transport. TNF‐α upregulated the expression of Nox4 in AoSMC at both message and protein levels, while Nox1 and Nox2 were unchanged. In contrast, upregulation of Nox2 appeared to mediate the enhanced superoxide production by TNF‐α in HEK293 cells. We suggest that Nox4 may be involved in increased superoxide generation in vascular smooth muscle cells under proinflammatory conditions.
Human mesenchymal stem cells in contact with their environment: surface characteristics and the integrin system
Authors: Docheva Denitsa , Popov Cvetan , Mutschler Wolf , Schieker Matthias 
Published: March 2007

Mesenchymal stem cells and their clinical relevance
Integrins and their importance
Cell surface molecules on MSCs
Integrin system of MSCs
Engagement of integrins in MSC differentiation, attachment to coating materials, survival on scaffolds and neoplastic transformation
Conclusions

AbstractThe identification of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in adult human tissues and the disclosure of their self‐renew‐al and multi‐lineage differentiation capabilities have provided exciting prospects for cell‐based regeneration and tis‐sue engineering. Although a considerable amount of data is available describing MSCs, there is still lack of information regarding the molecular mechanisms that govern their adhesion and migration. In this work, we will review the current state of knowledge on integrins and other adhesion molecules found to be expressed on MSCs. The dis‐cussed topics include the characteristics of MSCs and their clinical applications, integrins and their central role in cell‐matrix attachment and migration, and comments on mobilization, differentiation and contribution to tumour development. Finally, by understanding the complex and fundamental pathways by which MSCs attach and migrate, it might be possible to fine‐tune the strategies for effective and safe use of MSCs in regenerative therapies.
PPARγ activation by thiazolidinediones (TZDs) may modulate breast carcinoma outcome: the importance of interplay with TGFβ signalling
Authors: Jarrar Mohammed H. , Baranova Ancha 
Published: March 2007

Introduction
PPARγ‐dependent and ‐independent action of TZDs
Effects of TZDs in the breast epithelium
Crosstalks of the PPARγ signalling with OR, STAT5B and NF‐κB pathways
PPARγ activation may interfere with TGFβ signalling
Effects of TZDs in rodent models
Current and future prospects in the studies of the anticancerous effects of TZDs in human beings

AbstractThe thiazolidinediones (TZDs) are a class of synthetic antidiabetic drugs exerting its action primarily upon acti‐vation of the peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐γ (PPARγ). Given the widespread incidence of diabetes type II and lifelong exposure of these patients to TZDs, there is a possibility that chronic treatment with TZD modifies clinical phenotypes of other common human diseases, for example breast carcinoma. There is evidence that TZDs act as breast carcinoma suppression agents, at least in the in vitro and animal models. Stimulation of the PPARγ by TZDs interferes with oestrogen receptor signalling, STAT5B and NF‐κB signalling cascades. On the other hand, TZDs repress TGFβ signalling, a well‐known suppressor of the initial stages of breast carcinoma development. Another layer of complexity arises at the later stages of tumour development, when TGFβ acts as a tumour promoter: its overexpression is associated with poor prognosis, higher degree of tumour vascularization and metastasis. Longitudinal studies of breast carcinoma development in chronic TZD users are needed. In this review, we dissect possible interplays between chronic exposure of breast tis‐sue to TZDs and TGFβ signalling and predict influence of TZD exposure on cancer‐related clinical outcome.
Expression of RhoA by inflammatory macrophages and T cells in rat experimental autoimmune neuritis
Authors: Zhang Zhiren , Fauser Uwe , Schluesener Hermann J. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractRhoA is one of the best‐studied members of Rho GTPases. Experimental autoimmune neuritis (EAN), which is characterized by infiltration of T cells and macrophages into the peripheral nervous system, is an autoantigen‐specific T‐cell‐mediated animal model of human Guillain‐BarrŽ Syndrome. In this study, RhoA expression has been investigated in the dorsal/ventral roots of EAN rats by immunohistochemistry. A significant accumulation of RhoA+ cells was observed on Day 12, with a maximum around Day 15, correlating to the clinical severity of EAN. In dorsal/ventral roots of EAN, RhoA+ cells were seen in perivascular areas but also in the parenchyma. Furthermore, double‐labelling experiments showed that the major cellular sources of RhoA were reactive macrophages and T cells. In conclusion, this is the first demonstration of the presence of RhoA in the dorsal/ventral roots of EAN. The time courses and cellular sources of RhoA together with the functions of RhoA indicate that RhoA may function to facilitate macrophage and T‐cell infiltration in EAN and therefore could be a potential therapeutic target.
Inhibition of adhesion molecule expression on human venous endothelial cells by non‐viral siRNA transfection
Authors: Walker Tobias , Wendel Hans P. , Tetzloff Liane , Raabe Claudia , Heidenreich Olaf , Simon Perikles , Scheule Albertus M. , Ziemer Gerhard 
Published: March 2007

Abstract Objective: Expression of adhesion molecule receptors on venous endothelial cells crucially influences the fate of venous grafts by mediating leukocyte‐endothelium interactions. These interactions include adhesion of leuko‐cytes to the endothelium, followed by transendothelial migration, leading to neointimal hyperplasia (NIH) and finally graft occlusion. Therefore, inhibition of adhesion molecule expression may be a promising strategy to improve the quality of venous grafts.We tested the efficiency of non‐viral transfection of human venous endothe‐lial cells (HVEC) with short interfering RNA (siRNA) to specifically down‐regulate adhesion molecule expression. Methods: Primary cultures of HVEC were examined for expression of the adhesion molecules ICAM1, VCAM1 and E‐selectin (SELE) after non viral siRNA transfection. Adhesion molecule expression was measured by flow cytom‐etry, real‐time polymerase chain reaction and immunoblotting after stimulation with TNF‐α, an inflammatory cytokine. Results: Non‐transfected cells showed a strong increase of adhesion molecule expression following cytokine stimulation (P < 0.01). Upon transfection with specific siRNAs a sixfold decrease in ICAM1 (P < 0.001) and SELE expression and cell positivity (P < 0.05) and a twofold decrease in VCAM1 expression and cell positiv‐ity (P < 0.01) Pcould be observed. SiRNA‐mediated gene suppression of adhesion molecules was also reflected by corresponding decreases in adhesion protein and transcript levels. Conclusions: The expression of adhesion molecules on HVECs can be effectively inhibited by specific siRNAs using a safe, non‐viral transfection approach. This is a promising tool to pre‐condition venous bypass grafts in order to interfere with endothelium‐leukocyte interactions and to prohibit neointima thickening or ath‐erosclerosis, which are regarded to be the most important causes of venous graft failure.
Ca2+‐pumps and Na+–Ca2+‐exchangers in coronary artery endothelium versus smooth muscle
Authors: Szewczyk Magdalena M. , Davis Kim A. , Samson Sue E. , Simpson Fiona , Rangachari Patangi K. , Grover Ashok K. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractVascular endothelial cells (EC) and smooth muscle cells (SMC) require a decrease in cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration after activation. This can be achieved by Ca2+ sequestration by the sarco‐/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ pumps (SERCA) and Ca2+ extrusion by plasma membrane Ca2+ pumps (PMCA) and Na+–Ca2+‐exchangers (NCX). Since the two cell types differ in their structure and function, we compared the activities of PMCA, NCX and SERCA in pig coronary artery EC and SMC, the types of isoforms expressed using RT‐PCR, and their protein abundance using Western blots. The activity of NCX is higher in EC than in SMC but those of PMCA and SERCA is lower. Consistently, the protein abundance for NCX protein is higher in EC than in SMC and those of PMCA and SERCA is lower. Based on RT‐PCR experiments, the types of RNA present are as follows: EC for PMCA1 while SMC for PMCA4 and PMCA1; EC for SERCA2 and SERCA3 and SMC for SERCA2. Both EC and SMC express NCX1 (mainly NCX1.3). PMCA, SERCA and NCX differ in their affinities for Ca2+ and regulation. Based on these observations and the literature, we conclude that the tightly regulated Ca2+ removal systems in SMC are consistent with the cyclical control of contractility of the filaments and those in EC are consistent with Ca2+ regulation of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase near the cell surface. The differences between EC and SMC should be considered in therapeutic interventions of cardiovascular diseases.
Toll‐like receptor 4 in atherosclerosis
Authors: Li Hongli , Sun Baogui 
Published: March 2007

Introduction
Toll‐like receptor 4 structure and its functions
TLR4 expression in atherosclerotic lesions
Endothelial cells
Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs)
Adventitial fibroblasts
Dendritic cells (DCs)
Macrophages
Role of TLR4 in atherosclerosis
TLR4 in early atherosclerotic lesion
TLR4 in advanced atherosclerotic lesion
TLR4 in plaque rupture
TLR4 in arterial remodelling
TLR4 polymorphisms in atherosclerosis
Conclusion

AbstractToll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4) is key regulators of both innate and adaptive immune responses. TLR4 recognizes pathogen‐associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and activates the inflammatory cells. The function of TLR4 in atherosclerosis has been investigated in mouse knockout studies and epidemiological studies of human TLR4 polymorphisms. These studies have shown that TLR4 function affects the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. This article reviews the biological functions and clinical implications of TLR4 in atherosclerosis.
Constitutive and ligand‐induced nuclear localization of oxytocin receptor
Authors: Kinsey Conan G. , Bussolati Gianni , Bosco Martino , Kimura Tadashi , Pizzorno Marie C. , Chernin Mitchell I. , Cassoni Paola , Novak Josef F. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractOxytocin receptor (OTR) is a membrane protein known to mediate oxytocin (OT) effects, in both normal and neoplastic cells. We report here that human osteosarcoma (U2OS, MG63, OS15 and SaOS2), breast cancer (MCF7), and primary human fibroblastic cells (HFF) all exhibit OTR not only on the cell membrane, but also in the various nuclear compartments including the nucleolus. Both an OTR‐GFP fusion protein and the native OTR appear to be localized to the nucleus as detected by transfection and/or confocal immunofluorescence, respectively. Treatment with oxytocin causes internalization of OTR and the resulting vesicles accumulate in the vicinity of the nucleus and some of the perinuclear OTR enters the nucleus. Western blots indicate that OTR in the nucleus and on the plasma membrane are likely to be the same biochemical and immunological entities. It appears that OTR is first visible in the nucleoli and subsequently disperses within the nucleus into 4–20 spots while some of the OTR diffuses throughout the nucleoplasm.The behaviour and kinetics of OTR‐GFP and OTR are different, indicating interference by GFP in both OTR entrance into the nucleus and subsequent relocalization of OTR within the nucleus. There are important differences among the tested cells, such as the requirement of a ligand for transfer of OTR in nuclei. A constitutive internalization of OTR was found only in osteosarcoma cells, while the nuclear localization in all other tested cells was dependent on ligand binding. The amount of OTR‐positive material within and in the vicinity of the nucleus increased following a treatment with oxytocin in both constitutive and ligand‐dependent type of cells. The evidence of OTR compartmentalization at the cell nucleus (either ligand‐dependent or constitutive) in different cell types suggests still unknown biological functions of this protein or its ligand and adds this G‐protein‐coupled receptor to other heptahelical receptors displaying this atypical and unexpected nuclear localization.
Transient ventricular fibrillation and myosin heavy chain isoform profile
Authors: Manoach M. , Tribulova N. , Vogelezang D. , Thomas S. , Podzuweit T. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe present paper deals with spontaneous ventricular defibrillation in mammals and the possibility to facilitate its occurrence. Clinical and experimental evidence suggest that in the majority of cases, ventricular fibrillation (VF) is permanent, requiring defibrillation by electric shock. However, a growing number of reports show that VF can terminate spontaneously in various mammals, including human beings.The mechanisms involved in spontaneous ventricular defibrillation are controversial. Available reports imply that intracellular Ca2+ overload is the key event triggering VF and preventing its reversal. Since the sarcoplasmatic reticulum is the main intracellular Ca2+ regulating organelle and the activity of the cardiac SR Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA 2a) is its prime element of Ca2+ sequestration, spontaneous ventricular defibrillation likely requires high level of SERCA 2a activity. We suggest that mammalian hearts with high SERCA 2a activity defibrillate spontaneously and those with low activity only after its enhancement. Since high SERCA 2a activity is co‐expressed with the myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoform V1, we assumed that those hearts preferentially expressing V1 MHC are able to defibrillate spontaneously. Hearts with small amounts of V1 MHC and correspondingly lower level of SERCA 2a activity can only defibrillate following administration of compounds that augment SERCA 2a activity and prevent intracellular Ca2+ overload.
Simultaneous bilateral external dacryocystorhinostomy
Authors: Yazici Bulent , Akova Berna 
Published: March 2007

Abstract.Purpose:  To assess the outcome and complications of simultaneous bilateral external dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) surgery.Methods:  The records of all patients who underwent bilateral external DCR in a single session between November 1999 and October 2005 were reviewed.Results:  The study cohort comprised 59 patients (50 females, nine males; age range: 6–72 years; mean age: 49 years). Nasolacrimal duct obstruction was acquired primarily in 54 patients, congenitally in three and secondary to sinonasal surgery in two. Thirteen eyes of eight patients had a history of unsuccessful lacrimal surgery. The operation was performed under local anaesthesia plus sedation in 54 patients (92%). Total intraoperative haemorrhage varied from 3 mL to 200 mL (median: 17 mL; mean: 37 mL). Excessive intraoperative haemorrhage (= 100 mL) occurred in five patients (9%). Total duration of surgery varied between 70 and 140 min, with an average of 89 min. Postoperatively, early bleeding requiring intranasal tamponade developed in one patient (2%) and bilateral wound infection in one patient (2%). Surgical success rate was 95%. Mean follow‐up time was 8.8 months (range: 3–38 months).Conclusion:  This study supports that the simultaneous bilateral external DCR surgery may not adversely affect surgical success and complication rates.
Spontaneous neoplasia in the baboon (Papio spp.)
Authors: Cianciolo Rachel E. , Butler Stephanie D. , Eggers Jeffery S. , Dick Edward J. , Leland M. Michelle , De La Garza Melissa , Brasky Kathleen M. , Cummins Larry B. , Hubbard Gene B. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractBackground  There are several comprehensive reviews of spontaneous neoplasia in non‐human primates that compile individual cases or small numbers of cases, but do not provide statistical analysis of tumor incidence, demographics, or epidemiology.Methods  This paper reports all spontaneous neoplasms (n = 363) diagnosed over a 15‐year period in a baboon colony with an average annual colony population of 4000.Results  A total of 363 spontaneous neoplasms were diagnosed in 313 baboons: 77 cases were males (25%) and 236 were females (75%); ages ranged from 1 month to 33 years (mean 16.5, median 17).Conclusions  The organ systems affected in descending order of number of neoplasms were hematopoietic organs (n = 101, 28%), urogenital tract (n = 78, 21%), integument (n = 43, 12%), alimentary tract (n = 43, 12%), endocrine organs (n = 40, 11%), nervous system (n = 33, 9%), musculoskeletal system (n = 5, 1%), and respiratory system (n = 4, 1%). Malignant cases numbered 171 (47%); 192 (53%) cases were benign.
Ultrasound‐guided follicular aspiration in squirrel monkeys
Authors: Schuler A.M. , Westberry J.M. , Parks V.L. , Kuehl T.J. , Abee C.R. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe objective of this study was to test whether ultrasound‐guided oocyte retrieval is an effective mechanism for collecting oocytes in squirrel monkeys. Although ultrasound‐guided follicular aspiration has been described in Old World primates, oocyte retrieval in New World primates is typically performed via laparoscopy or laparotomy. However, these procedures, especially the first, can be invasive. Ultrasound has been used for pregnancy monitoring in multiple species of primates including Saimiri spp. Transabdominal ultrasound as a diagnostic tool is non‐invasive. Transabdominal ultrasound was utilized to visualize ovarian follicles during aspiration under light anesthesia. This procedure resulted in collection of a total of 29 oocytes from six animals with minimal post‐procedural pain. Manipulated animals were returned to the social group the same day.