bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Both arthroscopic one‐step Broström–Gould and Lasso‐loop stitch techniques achieved favourable clinical outcomes for chronic lateral ankle instability
Authors: Liu Zhuo‐fan , Su Tong , Wang Zhen‐yu , Hu Yue‐lin , Guo Qin‐wei , Yang Jie , Zhang Zhu , Liu Ning‐jing , Jiao Chen , Jiang Dong 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPurposeBoth the arthroscopic Broström–Gould and Lasso‐loop stitch techniques are commonly used to treat chronic lateral ankle instability (CLAI). The purpose of this study is to introduce an arthroscopic one‐step outside‐in Broström–Gould (AOBG) technique and compare the mid‐term outcomes of the AOBG technique and Lasso‐loop stitch technique.MethodsAll CLAI patients who underwent arthroscopic lateral ankle stabilization surgery in our department from 2018 to 2019 were retrospectively enrolled. The patients were divided into two groups according to the surgical methods employed: the AOBG technique (Group A) and the Lasso‐loop technique (Group B). The visual analogue scale pain score, American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society ankle hindfoot score, Tegner activity score and Karlsson–Peterson score were evaluated preoperatively and during the follow‐up from June to December 2022. The surgical duration, return to sports, sprain recurrence and surgical complications were also recorded and compared.ResultsA total of 74 patients (Group A, n = 42; Group B, n = 32) were included in this study with a mean follow‐up of 39 months. No statistically significant differences were observed in demographic parameters or follow‐up time between the two groups. Postoperative clinical scores indicated a significant improvement (all with p < 0.001) with no significant difference between the two groups (not significant [n.s.]). There was no significant difference in the surgical duration (46.1 vs. 49.7 min, n.s.), return to sports (92.9% vs. 93.8%, n.s.), or sprain recurrence (4.8% vs. 6.3%, n.s.). Only two cases in Group A reported knot irritation (4.8% vs. 0, n.s.), and one case in Group A experienced local skin numbness (0 vs. 3.1%, n.s.), with no significant difference.ConclusionBoth the AOBG and Lasso‐loop stitch techniques yielded comparable favourable mid‐term outcomes and return to sports with a low rate of surgical complications. Both procedures could be feasible strategies for CLAI patients.Level of EvidenceLevel III.
Assessment of Variability in Free Flap Color Match to Facial Skin by Donor Site and Race
Authors: Plonowska‐Hirschfeld Karolina A. , Eltawil Yasmin , Soroudi Daniel , Patel Neil N. , Park Andrea M. , Knott P. Daniel 
Published: April 2024

ObjectivesTo use portable colorimetry to quantify color differences between facial skin and potential three head and neck microvascular free tissue transfer (MFTT) donor sites—radial forearm (RF), anterolateral thigh (ALT), and fibula (FF)—and compare these differences by pigmentation of the donor site skin and self‐identified race.MethodsIn this cross‐sectional cohort study, healthy volunteers consented to handheld colorimeter measurements at the three potential MFTT donor sites (RF, ALT, FF) to quantify color match to the facial skin using the CIE color space (DeltaE). The comparison of ipsilateral to contralateral cheek served as control for measurements. Cross‐sectional measurements in healthy volunteers were then compared to measurements obtained in postoperative head and neck MFTT patients.ResultsDeltaE measurements were obtained for 128 healthy controls and 24 postoperative patients (N = 152). With increasing lightness (decreased pigmentation) of the skin at the donor site, the color match significantly worsened (higher DeltaE) across all potential MFTT donor sites (all p < 0.05). DeltaE from healthy controls closely approximated postoperative color match measurements in patients who underwent cervicofacial MFTT (DeltaE RF: 5.3 vs. 6.0, p = 0.432; DeltaE ALT: 6.2 vs. 6.4, p = 0.822; DeltaE FF: 6.0 vs. 6.4, p = 0.806).ConclusionPatients with decreased skin pigmentation who are undergoing head and neck MFTT may experience worse color discrepancy between cervicofacial skin and the transferred skin paddle than those with more pigmented skin. Portable colorimetry may identify patients who could benefit from interventions such as dermis‐resected free tissue reconstruction with skin grafting to improve postoperative appearance.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 134:3581–3586, 2024
Validation of daily 0.35 T diffusion‐weighted MRI for MRI‐guided glioblastoma radiotherapy
Authors: Lutsik Natalia , Nejad‐Davarani Siamak P. , Valderrama Alessandro , Herr Janette , Maziero Danilo , Cullison Kaylie , Azzam Gregory A. , Kubicek Gregory J , Meshman Jessica , de la Fuente Macarena I. , Armstrong Tess , Mellon Eric A. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundMRI‐Linac systems enable daily diffusion‐weighed imaging (DWI) MRI scans for assessing glioblastoma tumor changes with radiotherapy treatment.PurposeOur study assessed the image quality of echoplanar imaging (EPI)‐DWI scans compared with turbo spin echo (TSE)‐DWI scans at 0.35 Tesla (T) and compared the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values and distortion of EPI‐DWI on 0.35 T MRI‐Linac compared to high‐field diagnostic MRI scanners.MethodsThe calibrated National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)/Quantitative Imaging Biomarkers Alliance (QIBA) Diffusion Phantom was scanned on a 0.35 T MRI‐Linac, and 1.5 T and 3 T MRI with EPI‐DWI. Five patients were scanned on a 0.35 T MRI‐Linac with a TSE‐DWI sequence, and five other patients were scanned with EPI‐DWI on a 0.35 T MRI‐Linac and a 3 T MRI. The quality of images was compared between the TSE‐DWI and EPI‐DWI on the 0.35 T MRI‐Linac assessing signal‐to‐noise ratios and presence of artifacts. EPI‐DWI ADC values and distortion magnitude were measured and compared between 0.35 T MRI‐Linac and high‐field MRI for both phantom and patient studies.ResultsThe average ADC differences between EPI‐DWI acquired on the 0.35 T MRI‐Linac, 1.5 T and 3 T MRI scanners and published references in the phantom study were 1.7%, 0.4% and 1.0%, respectively. Comparing the ADC values based on EPI‐DWI in glioblastoma tumors, there was a 3.36% difference between 0.35 and 3 T measurements. Susceptibility‐induced distortions in the EPI‐DWI phantoms were 0.46 ± 1.51 mm for 0.35 MRI‐Linac, 0.98 ± 0.51 mm for 1.5 T MRI and 1.14 ± 1.88 mm for 3 T MRI; for patients ‐0.47 ± 0.78 mm for 0.35 T and 1.73 ± 2.11 mm for 3 T MRIs. The mean deformable registration distortion for a phantom was 1.1 ± 0.22 mm, 3.5 ± 0.39 mm and 4.7 ± 0.37 mm for the 0.35 T MRI‐Linac, 1.5 T MRI, and 3 T MRI scanners, respectively; for patients this distortion was –0.46 ± 0.57 mm for 0.35 T and 4.2 ± 0.41 mm for 3 T. EPI‐DWI 0.35 T MRI‐Linac images showed higher SNR and lack of artifacts compared with TSE‐DWI, especially at higher b‐values up to 1000 s/mm2.ConclusionEPI‐DWI on a 0.35 T MRI‐Linac showed superior image quality compared with TSE‐DWI, minor and less distortions than high‐field diagnostic scanners, and comparable ADC values in phantoms and glioblastoma tumors. EPI‐DWI should be investigated on the 0.35 T MRI‐Linac for prediction of early response in patients with glioblastoma.
Client and clinician perspectives about a virtual education and exercise chronic disease management programme for people with hip and knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Van Damme Jill , Dal Bello‐Haas Vanina , Strachan Patricia , Kuspinar Ayse , Kalu Michael , Zaide Mashal 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIntroductionOsteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most prevalent chronic conditions in Canada. Despite the established benefits of non‐pharmacological management (education, exercise) for people with OA, many do not receive treatment, resulting in pain, decreased physical function, and poorer quality of life. Virtual programme options grew significantly during the recent pandemic and may provide longer‐term opportunities for increased uptake by reaching individuals otherwise unable to participate. This study explored the experiences and perspectives of clients participating in and clinicians providing the Good Life with osteoArthritis: Denmark (GLA:DTM) Canada remote programme.MethodsThis qualitative descriptive study recruited 10 clients with hip and/or knee OA and 11 clinicians across Canada using purposive sampling. An online pre‐interview survey was completed, and individual interviews were conducted, audio‐recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed independently by two researchers using inductive thematic analysis. Coding and analyses were initially conducted separately by group and then compared and combined.ResultsFour overarching themes (and 11 subthemes) were identified: (1) Expected and unexpected benefits of virtual programs; (2) Drawbacks to virtual programs; (3) Programme delivery in a virtual world; (4) Shifting and non‐shifting perspectives. Although initially sceptical, after completion of the programme, clients were in favour of virtual delivery with many benefits described. Clinicians' perspectives varied about feedback aimed to correct client movement patterns.ConclusionsClients and clinicians identified important experiential and procedural elements for virtual chronic disease management programs that include education and exercise. Additional work is needed to understand if the GLA:DTM remote outcomes are equivalent to the in‐person programme.
Percutaneous tibial neuromodulation initial therapy compliance and subsequent third‐line treatment patterns
Authors: Padmanabhan Priya , Zwaans Bernadette M. M. , Wu Charlotte , Boldt Ryan J. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPurposePercutaneous Tibial Neuromodulation (PTNM) is used to treat Overactive Bladder (OAB). This analysis summarizes patient adherence to PTNM treatment and examines trends of other third‐line therapy use during and after PTNM.MethodsOptum's deidentified Clinformatics® Data Mart Database (CDM) and CMS Research Identifiable Files were queried for adults with OAB symptoms and who underwent PTNM treatment (2019–2020). We evaluated the proportion of patients who completed 12 visits within 1 year, and defined patients as treatment compliant if 12 PTNM visits were completed within 12 weeks. We then identified the proportion of patients who used other third‐line therapies after PTNM and stratified these patients based on their PTNM therapy compliance status.Results2302 patients met selection criteria from CDM and 16,473 patients from CMS. The proportion of patients completing a full PTNM treatment course increased over time; from 16% at week 12% to 42% by week 52 (CDM) and 24% to 38% (CMS). Other third‐line therapy use increased over time and was higher for PTNM noncompliant versus compliant patients at 52 weeks: onabotulinumtoxinA was 6.5% versus 5.7% for noncompliant versus compliant (CMS, p = 0.0661) and 6.4% versus 4.9% (CDM, p = 0.035), SNM trial procedure was 6.5% versus 2.5% (CDM, p = 0.002) and 4.2% versus 2.0% (CMS, p = 0.010).ConclusionsMost patients are noncompliant with recommended PTNM treatment regimen. Albeit low, third‐line therapy was pursued more frequently by noncompliant patients. Given low compliance, the effectiveness of PTNM may be compromised. Alternative implantable technologies may be needed to assure effectiveness of neuromodulation.
Understanding central nervous system fluid networks: Historical perspectives and a revised model for clinical neurofluid imaging
Authors: Mehta Rupal I. , Mehta Rashi I. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe central nervous system (CNS) lacks traditionally defined lymphatic vasculature. However, CNS tissues and barriers compartmentalize the brain, spinal cord, and adjacent spaces, facilitating the transmittal of fluids, metabolic wastes, immune cells, and vital signals, while more conventional lymphatic pathways in the meninges, cervicofacial and paraspinal regions transmit efflux fluid and molecules to peripheral lymph and lymph nodes. Thus, a unique and highly organized fluid circulation network encompassing intraparenchymal, subarachnoid, dural, and extradural segments functions in unison to maintain CNS homeostasis. Pathways involved in this system have been under investigation for centuries and continue to be the source of considerable interest and debate. Modern imaging and microscopy technologies have led to important breakthroughs pertaining to various elements of CNS fluid circuitry and exchange over the past decade, thus enhancing knowledge on mechanisms of mammalian CNS maintenance and disease. Yet, to better understand precise anatomical routes, the physiology and clinical significance of these CNS pathways, and potential therapeutic targets in humans, fluid conduits, flow‐regulating factors, and tissue effects must be analyzed systematically and in a global manner in persons across age, demographical factors, and disease states. Here, we illustrate the system‐wide nature of intermixing CNS fluid networks, summarize historical and clinical studies, and discuss anatomical and physiological similarities and differences that are relevant for translation of evidence from mice to humans. We also review Cushing's classical model of cerebrospinal fluid flow and present a new framework of this “third circulation” that emphasizes previously unexplained complexities of CNS fluid circulation in humans. Finally, we review future directions in the field, including emerging theranostic techniques and MRI studies required in humans.
Over 132 Years Ago, the Inaugural Immunotherapy Treated Its First Head and Neck Cancer Patient
Authors: Martin Joey , Hans Stéphane , Ferris Robert L. , Baudouin Robin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractImmunotherapy in oncology has a more extensive history than is commonly perceived. Rooted in the observations and experiences of multiple physicians in the late 19th century, immunological interventions are currently integral to the oncological therapeutic repertoire. This article seeks to delineate the evolution of cancer immunotherapy, tracing its inception in 1891 with the pioneering work of an American surgeon, William B. Coley, who achieved the first documented cure of a cancer case involving a malignant head and neck tumor. The narrative extends to encompass successive historical breakthroughs and prospective developments in this dynamic field.
Preparation and properties of novolac epoxy resins containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
Authors: Chen Xinyu , Jin Chaoen , Wang Fan , Zhu Yaping , Qi Huimin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractTo meet the demands of high‐density and miniaturized integrated circuits, electronic packaging materials need to have excellent properties. One approach to enhance the performance is to design novel structures. In this study, two novolac oligomers containing naphthalene Naphthalene novolac oligomer (NPF) and biphenyl Biphenyl novolac oligomer (LPF) were synthesized and then reacted with epichlorohydrin to synthesize novel novolac epoxy resins containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (NPF‐EP and LPF‐EP). Their chemical structures were characterized by Fourier transform infrared and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectra. Tetrahydromethyl‐1,3‐isobenzofurandione (MeTHPA) was used as curing agent to prepare cured NPF‐EP/MeTHPA and LPF‐EP/MeTHPA thermosets. Both NPF‐EP/MeTHPA and LPF‐EP/MeTHPA exhibited better thermal and mechanical properties compared with novolac epoxy resin (PF‐EP/MeTHPA). In particular, NPF‐EP/MeTHPA presented the highest glass transition temperature of 193°C and LPF‐EP/MeTHPA had excellent mechanical properties, with tensile and flexural strengths of 94 and 151 MPa, respectively. Additionally, the cured NPF‐EP/MeTHPA and LPF‐EP/MeTHPA also exhibit a lower dielectric constant and dielectric loss, and low coefficient of thermal expansion compared with cured PF‐EP/MeTHPA. This investigation provides valuable insights for the manufacturing of high‐performance novolac epoxy resins for application in electronic packaging materials.
Ballistic impact resistance and flexural performance of natural basalt fiber with carbon and glass fibers in inter‐ply hybrid composites
Authors: Doğru Mehmet Hanifi , Yeter Eyüp , Göv İbrahim , Göv Kürşad 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe ballistic and flexural behaviors of basalt (natural fabric), carbon, glass fiber, and their hybrid composites, were investigated in this study. The main objective of the paper was the addition of natural basalt fiber to the carbon and glass fibers with inter‐ply hybrid sequences to search for possible usage to the ballistic loads carrying structures. The composite and hybrid composite plates produced nine layers with cross‐ply stacking sequences ([0/90]9). The ballistic impact tests were conducted using a specially designed ballistic test setup and the flexural tests were performed through the standard three‐point bending test. The results showed that basalt/epoxy absorbed the most energy under ballistic loading among all models. It was observed that the basalt‐glass‐basalt/epoxy (BGB) hybrid composite had an energy absorption capacity very close to the basalt/epoxy composite. When BGB and carbon‐glass‐carbon/epoxy (CGC) hybrid models were compared, the energy absorption capacity of CGC was 62.7% less than BGB. Unlike the ballistic test result, basalt/epoxy had the lowest flexural strength, while carbon/epoxy had the highest flexural strength. Among the hybrid models, it was seen that BGB had the lowest flexural strength, while CGC had the highest flexural strength. The flexural strength of the CGC is 38% higher than BGB. The study found that basalt fiber has high ballistic resistance, whether alone or when combined with commonly used fibers. It also suggests that basalt fiber is a promising candidate for future research and development in the field of protective materials.Highlights
Basalt (natural fabric) composite materials behavior.
Hybridization of basalt with carbon and glass.
Target plates damage resistance according to applied ballistic loads.
Target plates damage resistance according to applied flexural loads.
Non‐hybrid and hybrid composites plates comparisons.
Biological and physiological effects in Bemisia tabaci feeding on tomatoes endophytically colonized by Beauveria bassiana
Authors: Wang Xian , Yuan Qian , He Liqiang , Wang Zhou , Li Guangyun , Wang Ziying , Liu Huai 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDEntomopathogenic fungi (EPF) treatment of plants may affect the survival and feeding preferences of herbivorous pests. However, comprehensive studies on the fitness across their entire life cycle, feeding behavior, and physiological changes in herbivores consuming EPF‐treated plants within the tripartite interactions of EPF, plants, and pests are still limited. In this study, we utilized life tables, electrical penetration graph (EPG), and metabolomics to uncover the biological and physiological characteristics of Bemisia tabaci on tomato plants inoculated with Beauveria bassiana through root irrigation.RESULTSOur study indicated that Beauveria bassiana Bb252 can penetrate the entire tissue from the point of inoculation, primarily colonizing the intercellular spaces and vascular tissue. However, this colonization is temporary, lasting no more than 35 days. Moreover, the population fitness and feeding behavior of Bemisia tabaci on tomato plants treated with Beauveria bassiana via root irrigation were significantly affected, showing a substantial 41.4% decrease in net reproductive rate (R0), a notable reduction in watery salivation, and shortened phloem ingestion. Lastly, we observed a significant decrease in hormones and amino acids of whiteflies that fed on Beauveria bassiana‐treated tomato plants by root irrigation.CONCLUSIONSOur results indicated that the endophyte, Beauveria bassiana Bb252, reduced demographic fitness of Bemisia tabaci by altering its hormones and amino acids levels. These findings enhance our understanding of multitrophic interactions in integrated pest management. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Information‐based group sequential design for post‐market safety monitoring of medical products using real world data
Authors: Zhang Zhiwei , Nielson Carrie , Chuo Ching‐Yi , Ye Zhishen 
Published: April 2024

AbstractReal world healthcare data are commonly used in post‐market safety monitoring studies to address potential safety issues related to newly approved medical products. Such studies typically involve repeated evaluations of accumulating safety data with respect to pre‐defined hypotheses, for which the group sequential design provides a rigorous and flexible statistical framework. A major challenge in designing a group sequential safety monitoring study is the uncertainty associated with product uptake, which makes it difficult to specify the final sample size or maximum duration of the study. To deal with this challenge, we propose an information‐based group sequential design which specifies a target amount of information that would produce adequate power for detecting a clinically significant effect size. At each interim analysis, the variance estimate for the treatment effect of interest is used to compute the current information time, and a pre‐specified alpha spending function is used to determine the stopping boundary. The proposed design can be applied to regression models that adjust for potential confounders and/or heterogeneous treatment exposure. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed design performs reasonably well in realistic settings
Local identification of equatorial Kelvin waves in real‐time operational forecasts
Authors: Cruz João B. , Castanheira José M. , DaCamara Carlos C. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractEquatorial Kelvin waves (KWs) are associated with a variety of equatorial atmospheric phenomena, namely, tropical convection, cloud and precipitation variability, tropical cyclogenesis, the onset of monsoon season over Africa and India, and even the quasi‐biennial oscillation and the Madden–Julian oscillation. As such, if operational forecasts are to improve near the Tropics, it is important that they correctly represent KWs. This article aims at developing a novel methodology for identifying KWs in real‐time operational forecasts at specific longitudes using only the meridional structures of the solutions to the free Laplace tidal equations, known as Hough vector functions. The main advantages of this newly proposed methodology are that (a) it can identify KWs at a specific longitude and (b) very low computational cost is needed to apply it to real‐time operational forecasts. The application of the method to 2015–2017 European Centre for Medium‐range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) analysis and operational forecast data reveals a systematic bias in the representation of KWs by the ECMWF operational forecast model.
High‐resolution multi‐reflection time‐of‐flight mass spectrometer with atmospheric pressure interface
Authors: Yan Shuxiong , Ren Yi , Huang Qi , Hong Yi , Chen Zhengge , Li Mei , Hu Bin , Huang Zhengxu 
Published: April 2024

RationaleAtmospheric pressure interface multi‐reflection time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (API‐MRTOF‐MS) has the potential to be a rapid and high‐resolution analytical tool for versatile applications in chemistry, biology, environmental science, and medicine.MethodsThe ions were reflected in a mass analyzer via electrostatic mirrors and folded flight path. Therefore, flight distances were significantly increased. The ion flight path of the API‐MRTOF‐MS was extended from meters to over 1 km, and the mass resolution was increased. Furthermore, the mass analysis could be completed at around 10 ms due to the rapid response of TOF‐MS.ResultsA high‐resolution API‐MRTOF‐MS approach is successfully developed in this study. The mass resolution could achieve 116 050 (full widths at half maximum [FWHM]) for Cs+ ions using an atmospheric pressure electrospray ionization within a total TOF of only 18 ms. An ion transmission efficiency of over 50% was achieved after 600 cycles.ConclusionsThe analytical performance of the newly developed API‐MRTOF‐MS demonstrated that it is suitable for high resolution and rapid analysis in many fields.