bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transglutaminase 2 Is Needed for the Formation of an Efficient Phagocyte Portal in Macrophages Engulfing Apoptotic Cells
Authors: Tóth Beáta , Garabuczi Éva , Sarang Zsolt , Vereb György , Vámosi György , Aeschlimann Daniel , Blaskó Bernadett , Bécsi Bálint , Erdõdi Ferenc , Lacy-Hulbert Adam , Zhang Ailiang , Falasca Laura , Birge Raymond B. , Balajthy Zoltán , Melino Gerry , Fésüs László , Szondy Zsuzsa 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
Transglutaminase 2 (TG2), a protein cross-linking enzyme with many additional biological functions, acts as coreceptor for integrin β3. We have previously shown that TG2−/− mice develop an age-dependent autoimmunity due to defective in vivo clearance of apoptotic cells. Here we report that TG2 on the cell surface and in guanine nucleotide-bound form promotes phagocytosis. Besides being a binding partner for integrin β3, a receptor known to mediate the uptake of apoptotic cells via activating Rac1, we also show that TG2 binds MFG-E8 (milk fat globulin EGF factor 8), a protein known to bridge integrin β3 to apoptotic cells. Finally, we report that in wild-type macrophages one or two engulfing portals are formed during phagocytosis of apoptotic cells that are characterized by accumulation of integrin β3 and Rac1. In the absence of TG2, integrin β3 cannot properly recognize the apoptotic cells, is not accumulated in the phagocytic cup, and its signaling is impaired. As a result, the formation of the engulfing portals, as well as the portals formed, is much less efficient. We propose that TG2 has a novel function to stabilize efficient phagocytic portals.
The relationship of hyperuricemia and blood pressure in the Thai army population
Authors: Ouppatham S , Bancha S , Choovichian P 
Published: February 2009

Background:
Previous studies have demonstrated a strong association of hypertension and renal disease with gout. Nevertheless, controversy remains concerning serum uric acid concentration as an independent factor of hypertension.

Aim:
To explore the relationship between systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) with serum uric acid levels. Settings and Design: An observational study.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 5,564 subjects from the Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences were included in the study.

Statistical Analysis:
ANOVA tests, Chi-square test, correlation coefficients, and multiple regression analysis were performed.

Results:
Of the total subjects, 4,099 (73.7%) were male. Mean SBP and DBP were 128.73±17.06 and 81.62 ± 11.58 mm Hg, respectively. The mean serum uric acid level was 6.54 ± 1.71 mg/dL. A significant and positive correlation was found both between serum uric acid and SBP (r=0.186, P < 0.001) and between serum uric acid and DBP (r=0.255, P < 0.001). After multiple regression analysis of various clinical variables, serum uric acid levels were correlated with the severity of both SBP and DBP, increased age, increased body mass index, decreased glomerular filtration rate, increased serum cholesterol, and male gender.

Conclusions:
In this study, we suggest that serum uric acid be used to correlate with levels of blood pressure in the general population. Further investigation is required to establish the treatment for hyperuricemia in hypertensive patients.
Supramolecular Crystal Engineering at the Solid–Liquid Interface from First Principles: Toward Unraveling the Thermodynamics of 2D Self‐Assembly
Authors: Palma Carlos‐Andres , Bonini Massimo , Breiner Thomas , Samorì Paolo 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe formation of highly ordered 2D supramolecular architectures self‐assembled at the solid–solution interfaces is subject to complex interactions between the analytes, the solvent, and the substrate. These forces have to be mastered in order to regard self‐assembly as an effective bottom‐up approach for functional‐device engineering. At such interfaces, prediction of the thermodynamics governing the formation of spatially ordered 2D arrangements is far from being fully understood, even for the physisorption of a single molecular component on the basal plane of a flat surface. Two recent contributions on controlled polymorphism and nanopattern formation render it possible to gain semi‐quantitative insight into the thermodynamics of physisorption at interfaces, paving the way towards 2D supramolecular crystal engineering. Although in these two works different systems have been chosen to tackle such a complex task, authors showed that the chemical design of molecular building blocks is not the only requirement to fulfill when trying to preprogram self‐assembled patterns at the solid–liquid interface.
Tandem Metal and Organocatalysis in Sequential Hydroformylation and Enantioselective Mannich Reactions
Authors: Chercheja Serghei , Rothenbücher Thomas , Eilbracht Peter 
Published: February 2009

Abstractmagnified imageMetal‐catalysed hydroformylation is successfully combined with an organocatalysed stereoselective Mannich reaction in a tandem reaction sequence. This novel type of “tandem catalysis” allows access to complex molecular systems with high levels of enantioselectivity, using simple starting materials and an amino acid as the chiral catalyst.
Cyclobutenes as Isolable Intermediates in the Gold(I)‐Catalysed Cycloisomerisation of 1,8‐Enynes
Authors: Odabachian Yann , Gagosz Fabien 
Published: February 2009

Abstractmagnified imageThe gold(I)‐catalysed isomerisation of 1,8‐enynes allows the efficient synthesis of functionalised bicyclo[5.2.0]nonenes. Notably, these cyclobutenes derivatives can be isolated as reactive intermediates that could undergo subsequent gold(I)‐catalysed transformations such as isomerisation, fragmentation or ene reaction to furnish more structurally complex products. This study also provides useful information related to the mechanism leading to metathesis‐type derivatives, examples of which were shown to be produced, in the present case, by a gold(I)‐catalysed ring fragmentation of the cyclobutene moiety.
Hydrogenation of 2‐ethylanthraquinone under Taylor flow in single square channel monolith reactors
Authors: Liu Dingsheng , Zhang Jianguo , Li Defu , Kong Qingdan , Zhang Tong , Wang Shudong 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe hydrogenation of 2‐ethylanthraquinone (EAQ) to 2‐ethylanthrahydroquinone (EAHQ) was carried out under Taylor flow in single square channel monolith reactors. The two opening ends of opaque reaction channel were connected with two circular transparent quartz‐glass capillaries, where Taylor flow hydrodynamics parameters were measured and further used to obtain practical flow state of reactants in square reaction channels. A carefully designed gas‐liquid inlet mixer was used to supply steady gas bubbles and liquid slugs with desired length. The effects of various operating parameters, involving superficial gas velocity, superficial liquid velocity, gas bubble length, liquid slug length, two‐phase velocity and temperature, on EAQ conversion were systematically researched. Based on EAQ conversion, experimental overall volumetric mass transfer coefficients were calculated, and also studied as functions of various parameters as mentioned earlier. The film model, penetration model, and existing semi‐empirical formula were used to predict gas‐solid, gas‐liquid, and liquid‐solid volumetric mass transfer coefficients in Taylor flow, respectively. The predicted overall volumetric mass transfer coefficients agreed well with the experimental ones. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009
The influence of temporal cake moisture content on a discontinuous washing process in the centrifugal field
Authors: Ruslim Franky , Nirschl Hermann , Stahl Werner , Carvin Philippe 
Published: February 2009

AbstractIn solid/liquid separation processes, filter cake washing is an essential step in improving the quality of particulate products by elimination of impurities. During cake washing and dewatering, the cake saturation changes depending on the flow conditions and it cannot always be measured and controlled accurately. This article deals with investigations on the influence of the initial and temporal cake saturation on washing PVC and silica sand particles in the centrifugal field. It was found, that high initial saturation levels and high maximum saturations during the washing process had a positive impact in inducing a high hydrostatic pressure for advective flow and enabling a homogeneous distribution of the wash water inside the cake. This was achieved by increasing the wash water flux and/or decreasing the g‐factor. A good method to obtain low final impurity quantity is the combination of washing at a low g‐factor and dewatering at a high one. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009
Occupational exposure to UV light and mortality from multiple sclerosis
Authors: Westberg M. , Feychting M. , Jonsson F. , Nise G. , Gustavsson P. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractBackgroundThe etiology of multiple sclerosis (MS) is largely unknown; low exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light has been a suggested risk factor. The aim of this study was to investigate whether occupational exposure to UV light reduces the risk of death from MS.MethodsThe cohort was based on all individuals in the Swedish census in 1980. All MS‐related deaths were identified in the national registry of causes of death. A job‐exposure matrix was developed to classify the occupational exposure to UV light.ResultsMS was recorded as a cause of the death for 839 individuals. The risk of MS‐related death decreased with increasing occupational exposure to UV light. The relative risk adjusted for age, sex, and socioeconomic status was 0.48 (95% CI 0.28–0.80) in the high‐exposure group and 0.88 (95% CI 0.73–1.06) in the intermediate‐exposure group.ConclusionsOccupational exposure to UV light was associated with a reduced risk of MS. Our findings are corroborated by previous observations that UV light has a preventive role in the development of MS, although the possibility of reversed causality cannot be completely ruled out. Am. J. Ind. Med. 52:353–357, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc
Livestock‐handling injuries in agriculture: An analysis of Colorado workers' compensation data
Authors: Douphrate David I. , Rosecrance John C. , Stallones Lorann , Reynolds Stephen J. , Gilkey David P. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractBackgroundPrevious studies have reported that livestock‐handling injuries are among the most severe of agricultural injuries. This study identifies the costs, characteristics, and contributing factors associated with livestock‐handling injuries among Colorado dairy farmers, cattle/livestock raisers, and cattle dealers.MethodsA 10‐year (1997–2006) history of Colorado's workers' compensation claims data was used for analysis. Descriptive analyses of livestock‐handling injury claims were performed. Claim cost analysis was also conducted. The agent–host–environment epidemiological model was used to analyze injury event descriptions.ResultsA total of 1,114 livestock‐handling claims were analyzed. Claims associated with milking parlor tasks represented nearly 50% of injuries among dairy workers. Claims associated with riding horseback, sorting/penning cattle, and livestock‐handling equipment represented high proportions of livestock‐handling injuries among cattle/livestock raisers and cattle dealers. Claims associated with livestock‐handling represented the highest percentage of high‐cost and high‐severity injuries in all three sectors.ConclusionsLivestock‐handling injuries are a significant problem, more costly, and result in more time off work than other causes of agricultural injuries. There is a strong and compelling need to develop cost‐effective interventions to reduce the number of livestock‐handling injuries in agriculture. Am. J. Ind. Med. 52:391–407, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Room‐Temperature Growth of Silicon Oxide Nanofilms: New Opportunities for Plastic Electronics
Authors: Hoffmann Helmuth 
Published: February 2009

AbstractA new generation of plastic transistors consisting primarily of light and flexible organic materials requires new fabrication methods which combine low‐temperature, solution‐phase processing with precise control in the nanometer range over the component dimensions. Ultrathin silicon oxide films, which serve as gate dielectric layers in these transistors, were recently grown at room temperature from polymer precursor films by a novel layer‐by‐layer deposition/oxidation process.magnified image
Mechanism of Cyclic Carbonate Synthesis from Epoxides and CO2
Authors: North Michael , Pasquale Riccardo 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThree interconnected catalytic cycles account for the title reaction catalyzed by a bimetallic aluminum(salen) complex and Bu4NBr. In the first, Bu4NBr acts as a nucleophile to activate the epoxide. In the second, Bu3N generated in situ serves to activate CO2. In the third, the aluminum(salen) complex brings the two activated species together so that the key bonds can be formed intramolecularly.magnified image
LiCl‐Mediated Preparation of Functionalized Benzylic Indium(III) Halides and Highly Chemoselective Palladium‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling in a Protic Cosolvent
Authors: Chen Yi‐Hung , Sun Mai , Knochel Paul 
Published: February 2009

AbstractSensitive functional groups such as COR, CHO, or CH2OH can be present in benzylic indium reagents prepared by the direct insertion of indium in the presence of LiCl. These reagents undergo palladium‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reactions in the presence of a protic cosolvent after activation with iPrMgCl⋅LiCl (see scheme). Remarkable chemoselectivities are achieved by using various electrophiles containing NH or OH groups.magnified image
Stereoselective Synthesis of Enantiomerically Pure Nupharamine Alkaloids from Castoreum
Authors: Stoye Alexander , Quandt Gabriele , Brunnhöfer Björn , Kapatsina Elissavet , Baron Julia , Fischer André , Weymann Markus , Kunz Horst 
Published: February 2009

AbstractAn animalic note: The first total synthesis of the all‐cis nupharamine 2, an alkaloid from beaver castoreum, is based on the stereoselective domino Mannich–Michael reaction of N‐galactosylfurylaldimine to give 1 (Piv=pivaloyl), subsequent conjugate cuprate addition, and stereoselective protonation of the enolate. These reactions are all controlled by the carbohydrate. Protonation of the enolate after cleavage of the auxiliary leads to epimer 3.magnified image
Selective CF Bond Activation of Tetrafluorobenzenes by Nickel(0) with a Nitrogen Donor Analogous to N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes
Authors: Doster Meghan E. , Johnson Samuel A. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractN, not NHC: A neutral, basic, strong σ‐donor nitrogen ancillary ligand with properties analogous to those of N‐heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) was developed to aid in the oxidative additions of challenging substrates to late transition metals. Selective, room‐temperature CF bond activation was observed with hexa‐, penta‐, and all three isomers of tetrafluorobenzene using a nickel(0) source in the presence of this donor.magnified image
The Proline‐Catalyzed Double Mannich Reaction of Acetaldehyde with N‐Boc Imines
Authors: Chandler Carley , Galzerano Patrizia , Michrowska Anna , List Benjamin 
Published: February 2009

AbstractDouble‐cross: Proline catalyzes the double Mannich reaction of acetaldehyde with N‐Boc imines in excellent yields (up to 99 %; Boc=tert‐butoxycarbonyl) and close to perfect diastereo‐ and enantioselectivities. Depending on the choice of catalysts, both the chiral, pseudo‐C2‐symmetric diastereomer and the corresponding meso compound can be prepared. Cross double Mannich reactions of acetaldehyde with two different imines are also demonstrated.magnified image
Effect of dissolved carbon dioxide on the glass transition and crystallization of poly(lactic acid) as probed by ultrasonic measurements
Authors: Reignier J. , Tatibouët J. , Gendron R. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe effects of dissolved carbon dioxide (CO2) molecules on the glass‐transition temperature as well as the crystallization kinetics of poly(lactic acid) have been investigated with a novel device that combines ultrasonic and volumetric measurements. Ultrasonic parameters such as the sound velocity are very sensitive to crystallization and can be used to monitor the crystallization kinetics. The glass‐transition temperature has been found to decrease nonlinearly as the CO2 concentration increases. The maximum in the crystallization rate has been found to increase with the addition of CO2. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Unlubricated rolling wear of HNBR/FKM/MWCNT compounds against steel
Authors: Xu D. , Karger‐Kocsis J. , Major Z. , Thomann R. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe rolling friction and wear of the compounds of peroxide‐cured hydrogenated acrylonitrile/butadiene rubber (HNBR) and fluororubber (FKM) (HNBR‐FKM) with and without multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) contents were studied against steel in orbital rolling ball (steel)‐on‐plate (rubber) test rig (Orbital‐RBOP). The phase structure of the rubber compounds in the presence and absence of MWCNT was studied by dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA), transmission electron and atomic force microscopy (TEM and AFM, respectively). It was established that HNBR formed the matrix in which micron‐scaled FKM domains were dispersed. MWCNT was preferentially embedded in the HNBR. The network‐related and surface tension properties of the rubber compounds were derived from DMTA tests and contact angle measurements, respectively. The Martens hardness of the rubbers was also measured. The coefficient of friction (COF) and specific wear rate (Ws) were determined in Orbital‐RBOP. Blending of HNBR with FKM increased the COF slightly and decreased the specific wear rate prominently when compared with pure HNBR. Additional MWCNT reinforcement (10 parts per hundred part rubber, phr) of the HNBR and HNBR‐FKM further increased the COF and at the same time improved the wear resistance. The wear mechanisms were concluded by inspecting the worn surfaces in scanning electron microscope (SEM) and discussed as a function of FKM and MWCNT modifications. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Effect of wood species on the mechanical and thermal properties of wood–plastic composites
Authors: Kim Jae‐Woo , Harper David P. , Taylor Adam M. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe effect of wood species on the mechanical and thermal properties of wood–plastic composites (WPCs) was explored. Various wood species, including cherry, sweet gum, hickory, yellow poplar, Osage orange, walnut, eastern red cedar, pine, maple, and red oak, were compounded with virgin isotactic polypropylene in a 50 : 50 weight ratio and injection‐molded. The tensile strength of WPCs made with cedar and hickory was higher than that of WPCs made with maple, oak, and Osage orange. The tensile modulus of WPCs made with gum and walnut was higher than that of oak WPCs. The tan δ peak temperatures and peak values from dynamic mechanical analysis indicated that pine and hickory WPCs had higher amorphous or void contents than walnut and cherry WPCs. The induction time during isothermal crystallization suggested that red cedar, cherry, and gum WPCs had higher nucleation density than walnut, pine, and oak WPCs. Dynamic mechanical properties of the WPCs appeared to be related to the crystallization behavior of the wood flour, which depends on the surface roughness. Although there were statistically significant differences in mechanical properties among the species, the differences were small, implying that wood flours from many species can be used successfully as raw materials for WPCs. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Investigations on pyridinium salts as a solid‐state ionics
Authors: Chetri Prafulla , Dass Narendra N. , Sarma Neelotpal Sen 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe object of this work is to prepare polymer poly(2vinylpyridine), P‐2VP, and its salts like P‐2VP‐HI, P‐2VP‐HIO3, and P‐2VP‐HIO4. The formation of P‐2VP salts was confirmed by IR and 1H NMR techniques. Conductivities of these were determined in solid state at various temperatures from 30 to 90°C. Observations indicated that the addition of I− or IO3− or IO4− ions affect the ionic conductivity of P‐2VP. Molecular mass determination and analytical results indicated that 94, 92.5, and 95% of the pyridine molecules in the P‐2VP chain were hydroiodated, iodated, and periodated, respectively, with the corresponding acids of iodine. The total ionic transport number and activation energy of the polymers were also determined. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Leaching of plasticized PVC: Effect of irradiation
Authors: Colombani J. , Herbette G. , Rossi C. , Joussot‐Dubien C. , Labed V. , Gilardi T. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractHighly irradiated (2–26 MGy) polyvinyl chloride (PVC) was leached in an alkaline solution to investigate the impact of high doses on the leaching process and on the nature of the leaching products. The results show that leaching is controlled by diffusion phenomena as described by Fick's second law. The apparent diffusion coefficient (Da) of plasticized PVC leaching products can be calculated for each sample. Irradiation at high dose causes Da to diminish; this can be attributed to crosslinking and grafting reactions occurring during irradiation. The material microstructure thus becomes less permeable during radiolysis, which slows down the migration of species. Organic products of leaching are plasticizers contained in plasticized PVC or their degradation products. The main organic leaching products are phthalic ions formed by the hydrolysis of phthalic esters in alkaline leaching solution. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Effect of aging conditions of neodymium‐based catalysts on cis‐1,4 polymerization of butadiene
Authors: Mello Ivana L. , Coutinho Fernanda M. B. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe aim of this work is to evaluate the effect of aging conditions catalysts based on neodymium salt on polymerization conversion, catalyst activity, and polymer characteristics. The synthesized catalysts were aged at 10, 25, 40, and 60°C for 24 and 48 h. The polybutadienes were characterized by size exclusion chromatography to determine the molecular weight characteristics and infrared spectroscopy to determine the microstructure. The results showed that the stereoselectivity of active catalyst sites was not affected by the aging conditions. However, the molecular weight increased with aging temperature. The catalysts aged at 25°C showed a trend to attain higher activities than those aged at 40 and 60°C. Moreover, a significant drop on polymerization reaction rate occurred as the catalyst aging temperature increased. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009