bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Climate change, cultural continuity and ecological grief: Insights from the Sámi Homeland
Authors: Markkula Inkeri , Turunen Minna , Rikkonen Taru , Rasmus Sirpa , Koski Veina , Welker Jeffrey M. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractArctic regions are warming significantly faster than other parts of the globe, leading to changes in snow, ice and weather conditions, ecosystems and local cultures. These changes have brought worry and concern and triggered feelings of loss among Arctic Indigenous Peoples and local communities. Recently, research has started to address emotional and social dimensions of climate change, framed through the concept of ecological grief. In this study, we examine sociocultural impacts of climate change and expressions of ecological grief among members of reindeer herding communities in the Sámi Homeland in Finland. Results indicate that ecological grief is felt in connection to major environmental concerns in the area: changes in winter weather and extreme weather events, Atlantic salmon decline and land use changes, which all have cultural and social consequences. Our results indicate that ecological grief is strongly associated with ecological losses, but also with political decisions regarding natural resource governance.
Cell-mediated nanoparticle delivery systems: towards precision nanomedicine
Authors: Cheng Ruoyu , Wang Shiqi 
Published: April 2024

AbstractCell-mediated nanoparticle delivery systems (CMNDDs) utilize cells as carriers to deliver the drug-loaded nanoparticles. Unlike the traditional nanoparticle drug delivery approaches, CMNDDs take the advantages of cell characteristics, such as the homing capabilities of stem cells, inflammatory chemotaxis of neutrophils, prolonged blood circulation of red blood cells, and internalization of macrophages. Subsequently, CMNDDs can easily prolong the blood circulation, cross biological barriers, such as the blood-brain barrier and the bone marrow–blood barrier, and rapidly arrive at the diseased areas. Such advantageous properties make CMNDDs promising delivery candidates for precision targeting. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in CMNDDs fabrication and biomedical applications. Specifically, ligand-receptor interactions, non-covalent interactions, covalent interactions, and internalization are commonly applied in constructing CMNDDs in vitro. By hitchhiking cells, such as macrophages, red blood cells, monocytes, neutrophils, and platelets, nanoparticles can be internalized or attached to cells to construct CMNDDs in vivo. Then we highlight the recent application of CMNDDs in treating different diseases, such as cancer, central nervous system disorders, lung diseases, and cardiovascular diseases, with a brief discussion about challenges and future perspectives in the end.
Graphical abstracts
Differential characterization of quadratic surfaces
Authors: Zawalski Bartłomiej 
Published: April 2024

AbstractLet $$f\in W^{3,1}_{\textrm{loc}}(\Omega )$$

f
∈

W
loc

3
,
1

(
Ω
)

be a function defined on a connected open subset $$\Omega \subseteq {\mathbb {R}}^2$$

Ω
⊆

R

2

. We will show that its graph is contained in a quadratic surface if and only if f is a weak solution to a certain system of $${3}{\hbox {rd}}$$

3
rd

order partial differential equations unless the Hessian determinant of f is non-positive on the whole $$\Omega $$
Ω
. Moreover, we will prove that the system is in some sense the simplest possible in a wide class of differential equations, which will lead to the classification of all polynomial partial differential equations satisfied by parametrizations of generic quadratic surfaces. Although we will mainly use the tools of linear and commutative algebra, the theorem itself is also somehow related to holomorphic functions.
Group invariant variational principles
Authors: Falcó Javier , Isert Daniel 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn this paper we introduce a group invariant version of the well-known Ekeland variational principle. To achieve this, we define the concept of convexity with respect to a group and establish a version of the theorem within this framework. Additionally, we present several consequences of the group invariant Ekeland variational principle, including Palais-Smale minimizing sequences, the Brønsted-Rockafellar theorem, and a characterization of the linear and continuous group invariant functionals space. Moreover, we provide an alternative proof of the Bishop-Phelps theorem and proofs for the group-invariant Hahn-Banach separating theorems. Finally, we discuss some implications and applications of these results.
Formulas for p-adic q-integrals including falling-rising factorials, combinatorial sums and special numbers
Authors: Simsek Yilmaz 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe main purpose of this paper is to provide a novel approach to deriving formulas for thep-adicq-Volkenborn integral including the Volkenborn integral andp-adic fermionic integral. By applying integral equations and these integral formulas to the falling factorials, the rising factorials and binomial coefficients, we derive some various identities, formulas and relations related to several combinatorial sums, well-known special numbers such as the Bernoulli and Euler numbers, the harmonic numbers, the Stirling numbers, the Lah numbers, the Harmonic numbers, the Fubini numbers, the Daehee numbers and the Changhee numbers. Applying these identities and formulas, we give some new combinatorial sums. Finally, by using integral equations, we derive generating functions for new families of special numbers and polynomials. By using generating functions, we give relations between the Lah numbers, the Bernoulli numbers, the Euler numbers and the Laguerre polynomials. We also give further comments and remarks on these functions, numbers and integral formulas related toq-type operators potentially used to solve problems in the areas such as physics, quantum mechanics, quantum systems and the others. In addition, we provide some tables containing some of thep-adic integral formulas obtained in this paper.
The Role of the Spatial Network in Urban Disaster Risk Variations: Reimagining the Notion of Spatial Vulnerability at the Urban Scale
Authors: Del Pinto Monia , Chmutina Ksenia , Palaiologou Falli , Bosher Lee 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe notion of “spatial vulnerability” is present in most disaster studies with a strong geographical connotation and accordingly is adopted at all scales, including the urban. While enabling mapping and visualizing risk patterns at macroscales, this geocentric foundation fails to capture disaster risk dynamics associated with the urban spatial network—an element that plays a significant role in the everyday and emergency functioning of cities, enabling users’ movement and interaction. Yet, urban vulnerability assessment overlooks this aspect and thus leaves urban disaster risk mechanisms partially unexplored. This study investigated the role of the network of urban public open spaces (UPOS) in the creation and progression of urban disaster risk in earthquake-prone settlements. Through a multimethod approach that integrates quantitative and qualitative methods and explores spatial configuration, planning policies, and practices of use of UPOS in everyday and emergency scenarios, our study demonstrated that UPOS configuration plays an active role in urban disaster risk. Urban public open spaces impact risk by influencing the exposure of pedestrians and their capacity for self-protection. The study further reconceptualized spatial vulnerability at the urban scale, as the fraction of vulnerability associated to the spatial network, highlighting the interplay of planning policies and spatial practices in its production and progression. Our findings make the notion of spatial vulnerability less ambiguous at the urban scale, by viewing the variable as an imbalance in capacities and exposure that generates spatially unsafe conditions. This refined conceptualization of spatial vulnerability becomes a lens for a more granular approach to urban disaster risk reduction and city planning by identifying and integrating sociospatial considerations.
Sustainable Performance of Recycled Rubber and Mining Waste Utilized for Efficient Rail Infrastructure
Authors: Indraratna Buddhima , Malisetty Rakesh Sai , Arachchige Chathuri , Qi Yujie , Rujikiatkamjorn Cholachat 
Published: April 2024

AbstractUtilizing waste byproducts from mining industries and recycled rubber as alternate materials in railway tracks promotes sustainability of transportation infrastructure, while also increasing track longevity by reducing ballast degradation. This paper provides an overview of two such applications including (i) rubber-intermixed ballast stratum (RIBS) by replacing 10% ballast aggregates with granulated rubber particles with the particle sizes carefully selected according to Australian Standards, (ii) synthetic energy absorbing layer using a mixture of steel furnace slag, coal wash and rubber crumbs to replace traditional capping layer. These materials when tested using large-scale triaxial apparatus and field trials proved that tracks with waste materials performed better than the conventional ballasted tracks by reducing ballast breakage and exploiting the higher damping potential of these materials. Though the vertical deformations of the track slightly increased by using these materials albeit within the specified standards, the overall stability improved by reduced dilation and track vibrations. Increasing the life of ballast layer can lead to long-term cost benefits by saving millions of dollars in track maintenance and provide environment benefits through minimizing quarrying of natural rock aggregates and reducing the carbon footprint of mining industries.
Beautiful Gini
Authors: Eliazar Iddo 
Published: April 2024

AbstractYou may very well be familiar with the Gini Coefficient, also known as the Gini index: a quantitative gauge with which socioeconomic inequality is measured, e.g. income disparity and wealth disparity. However, you may not know that the Gini Coefficient is an exquisite mathematical object. Enter this review paper—whose aim is to showcase (some of) the mathematical beauty and riches of the Gini Coefficient. The paper does so, in a completely self-contained manner, by illuminating the Gini Coefficient from various perspectives: Euclidean geometry vs. grid geometry; maxima and minima of random variables; statistical distribution functions; the residual lifetime and the total lifetime of renewal processes; increasing and decreasing failure rates; socioeconomic divergence from perfect equality; and weighted differences of statistical distribution functions. Together, these different perspectives offer a deep and comprehensive understanding of the Gini Coefficient. In turn, a profound understanding of the Gini Coefficient may lead to novel ‘Gini applications’ in science and engineering—such as recently established in the multidisciplinary field of restart research.
Evaluating the Effect of Deposition Strategy on Mechanical Characteristics of 316L Parts Produced by Laser Powder Directed Energy Deposition Process
Authors: Piscopo Gabriele , Iuliano Luca 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe production of large components, the possibility to repair damaged parts and the ability to produce components of multi-graded or functional-graded materials are the main drivers of the research and the application of the Laser Powder Directed Energy Deposition (LP-DED) process. However, the knowledge of the process and of the relationships among the process parameters and the characteristics of the produced part is currently not completely understood. The aim of this paper is to fill the current gap in the scientific literature related to the effect of the deposition strategy on the part quality. Therefore, the influence of two of the most important parameters, namely the deposition path and the idle time, on the residual stresses and porosity is evaluated on 316L samples produced by the LP-DED process. The obtained results show that both parameters have a high influence on the porosity level and the residual stresses. In particular, it can be seen that a high value of idle time worsens both porosity and residual stresses. Then, it is also observed that the raster deposition path leads to a lower value of stresses.
Semi-empirical model for abrasive particle velocity prediction in abrasive waterjet based on momentum transfer efficiency
Authors: Hwang Hyun-Joong , Cha Yohan , Kang Seok-Jun , Cho Gye-Chun 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAbrasive waterjet (AWJ) is a technology that removes a target material with an abrasive accelerated by ultra-high-pressure water. Recently, its application for rock excavations in civil and geotechnical engineering has increased. AWJ excavation performance is affected by the abrasive velocity formed by momentum transfer during mixing and acceleration. The abrasive velocity varies owing to changes in the abrasive flow rate, focusing tube diameter, and focusing tube length. In this study, the momentum transfer efficiency (MTE) according to the abrasive flow rate and focusing tube geometry was investigated by a numerical analysis to better understand the multiphase flow inside the AWJ system. The MTE was defined based on the theoretical relationship between the abrasive velocity ratio and focusing tube factor, and evaluated through the empirical relationship between the water stiffness and focusing tube length. The optimal abrasive flow rate for generating efficient MTE was approximately 15 g/s, which enabled economical and effective acceleration of abrasive particles. Accordingly, a prediction model based on the derived MTE was developed for the final abrasive velocity generated at the tip of the focusing tube. Using the prediction model, it is possible to evaluate the comprehensive relationship between various AWJ parameters. Based on the prediction model, the abrasive–water flow ratio to generate the optimal abrasive velocity was 0.83. The developed prediction model provides guidelines for selecting the optimal focusing tube geometry and applying an economical abrasive flow rate when designing an AWJ system.
Suicide-preventive compulsory admission is not a proportionate measure – time for clinicians to recognise the associated risks
Authors: Lundahl Antoinette 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSuicide is considered a global public health issue and compulsory admission is a commonly used measure to prevent suicide. However, the practice has been criticised since several studies indicate that the measure lacks empirical support and may even increase suicide risk. This paper investigates whether the practice has enough empirical support to be considered proportionate. To that end, arguments supporting compulsory admission as a suicide-preventive measure for most suicidal patients are scrutinized. The ethical point of departure is that the expected benefits of compulsory admission should outweigh the potential harms of the measure to be proportionate and defensible. It is concluded that, for most suicidal patients, suicide-preventive compulsory admission cannot be presumed to be a proportionate measure. To be so, the expected medical benefits of the measure should be greater than the potential increase in suicide risk and other harms that compulsory admission could entail. Instead of using compulsory admission as a suicide-preventive measure, extra safety measures may be needed during and after compulsory admission to prevent the risk of hospitalisation-induced suicide.
Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Social Determinants of Health Issues of Marginalized Black and Asian Communities: A Social Media Analysis Empowered by Natural Language Processing
Authors: Whitfield Christopher , Liu Yang , Anwar Mohd 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to understand the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on social determinants of health (SDOH) of marginalized racial/ethnic US population groups, specifically African Americans and Asians, by leveraging natural language processing (NLP) and machine learning (ML) techniques on race-related spatiotemporal social media text data. Specifically, this study establishes the extent to which Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) and Gibbs Sampling Dirichlet Multinomial Mixture (GSDMM)-based topic modeling determines social determinants of health (SDOH) categories, and how adequately custom named-entity recognition (NER) detects key SDOH factors from a race/ethnicity-related Reddit data corpus.

Methods
In this study, we collected race/ethnicity-specific data from 5 location subreddits including New York City, NY; Los Angeles, CA; Chicago, IL; Philadelphia, PA; and Houston, TX from March to December 2019 (before COVID-19 pandemic) and from March to December 2020 (during COVID-19 pandemic). Next, we applied methods from natural language processing and machine learning to analyze SDOH issues from extracted Reddit comments and conversation threads using feature engineering, topic modeling, and custom named-entity recognition (NER).

Results
Topic modeling identified 35 SDOH-related topics. The SDOH-based custom NER analyses revealed that the COVID-19 pandemic significantly impacted SDOH issues of marginalized Black and Asian communities. On average, the Social and Community Context (SCC) category of SDOH had the highest percent increase (366%) from the pre-pandemic period to the pandemic period across all locations and population groups. Some of the detected SCC issues were racism, protests, arrests, immigration, police brutality, hate crime, white supremacy, and discrimination.

Conclusion
Reddit social media platform can be an alternative source to assess the SDOH issues of marginalized Black and Asian communities during the COVID-19 pandemic. By employing NLP/ML techniques such as LDA/GSDMM-based topic modeling and custom NER on a race/ethnicity-specific Reddit corpus, we uncovered various SDOH issues affecting marginalized Black and Asian communities that were significantly worsened during the COVID-19 pandemic. As a result of conducting this research, we recommend that researchers, healthcare providers, and governments utilize social media and collaboratively formulate responses and policies that will address SDOH issues during public health crises.
Theoretical investigation of electromagnetic-thermal coupling of double-layer cylindrical concrete under microwave irradiation
Authors: Wei Wei , Qiao Rujia , Jiang Yan Song , Shao Zhushan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMany experiments have been performed to study the heating properties of concrete under microwave irradiation. Microwave provides the non-uniform heating process, which cannot be reflected clearly through the experimental investigations. In this paper, a theoretical method is presented to investigate the electromagnetic-thermal coupling process of double-layer cylindrical concrete under microwave heating. The wave transmission and reflection were considered. An analytic solution is presented to predict transient heating process within a 3-dimensional double-layer concrete model induced by microwave heating. The inner aggregate is a microwave high loss material and the outer mortar was microwave low loss medium. Poynting theorem was employed to calculate the electric field distribution and microwave energy loss within concrete. Transient heat transfer process with an internal microwave heat source was investigated based on the classical heat transfer theory by employing integral transform technique. The results indicate that microwave heating effect depend on the concrete size, dielectric properties as well as microwave energy input. The temperature gradient was formed at the mortar-aggregate interface, which varied with the microwave heating parameters inputs. The analytical study will provide significant insight to promote the understanding of electric and temperature field in the two-layer composite concrete materials under microwave heating.
Prevalence and Severity of Burnout Risk Among Musculoskeletal Allied Health Practitioners: A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Clarke Mia , Frecklington Mike , Stewart Sarah 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis systematic literature review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the prevalence and severity of burnout among musculoskeletal allied health clinicians according to the three dimensions of burnout – emotional exhaustion, depersonalisation, and personal accomplishment. Search terms were used to identify original research articles investigating burnout among musculoskeletal allied health professionals (chiropractors, occupational therapists, physical therapists, and podiatrists) using three electronic databases. To ensure consistency across data analysis and interpretation, only studies which employed the gold standard Maslach Burnout Inventory to measure burnout risk were included. Meta-analyses were conducted to calculate the pooled prevalence of high burnout for each of the three domains of the Maslach Burnout Inventory (emotional exhaustion, depersonalisation, personal accomplishment). Subgroup analyses by health profession and continent were also conducted. The search identified 54 eligible studies for inclusion. The pooled prevalence of high burnout risk for each of the three domains of the Maslach Burnout Inventory were as follows: high emotional exhaustion, 0.40 (95% confidence interval: 0.29–0.51); high depersonalisation, 0.26 (95% confidence interval: 0.07–0.53); and low personal accomplishment, 0.25 (95% confidence interval: 0.05–0.53). Pooled mean total scores indicated moderate levels of burnout risk across all three domains. Subgroup analyses showed physical therapists had the greatest overall burnout risk, and chiropractors the lowest. Geographical differences were also observed. Musculoskeletal allied health professionals frequently experience increased burnout risk related to emotional exhaustion and depersonalisation. Differences in burnout risk prevalence and severity were also evident among professions and geographical locations, indicating that techniques for resolving burnout should be adapted to specific professions and cultural contexts.
Self-healing hybrid intrusion detection system: an ensemble machine learning approach
Authors: Kushal Sauharda , Shanmugam Bharanidharan , Sundaram Jawahar , Thennadil Suresh 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe increasing complexity and adversity of cyber-attacks have prompted discussions in the cyber scenario for a prognosticate approach, rather than a reactionary one. In this paper, a signature-based intrusion detection system has been built based on C5 classifiers, to classify packets into normal and attack categories. Next, an anomaly-based intrusion detection was built based on the LSTM (Long-Short Term Memory) algorithm to detect anomalies. These anomalies are then fed into the signature generator to extract attributes. These attributes get uploaded into the C5 training set, aiding the ensemble model in continual learning with expanding signatures of unknown attacks. By generating signatures of unknown attacks, the self-healing attribute of the ensemble model contributes to the early detection of attacks. For the C5 classifier, the proposed model is evaluated on the UNSW-NB15 dataset, while for the LSTM model, it is evaluated on the ADFA-LD dataset. Compared to conventional models, the experimental results show better detection rates for both known and unknown attacks. The C5 classifier achieved a True Positive Rate of 97% while maintaining a false positive rate of 8%. Also, the LSTM model achieved a detection rate of 90% while retaining a 17% False Alarm Rate. As the proposed model learns, its performance in real network traffic also improves and it also eliminates human intervention when updating training data.