bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Iron transferrin regulates hepcidin synthesis in primary hepatocyte culture through hemojuvelin and BMP2/4
Authors: Lin Lan , Valore Erika V. , Nemeth Elizabeta , Goodnough Julia B. , Gabayan Victoria , Ganz Tomas 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
The peptide hormone hepcidin is the principal regulator of systemic iron homeostasis. We examined the pathway by which iron stimulates the production of hepcidin. In humans who ingested 65 mg of iron, the increase in transferrin saturation preceded by hours the increase in urinary hepcidin excretion. Increases in urinary hepcidin concentrations were proportional to the increment in transferrin saturation. Paradoxically, in previous studies in primary hepatocytes and cell lines, hepcidin response to iron or iron transferrin was not observed. We now report that freshly isolated murine primary hepatocytes responded to holotransferrin but not apotransferrin by increasing hepcidin mRNA. Hepcidin increase was not due to contamination of the transferrin preparations by endotoxin, a potent pathologic stimulus of hepcidin synthesis. Using this culture system, we showed that holotransferrin concentrations regulate hepcidin mRNA concentrations through a hemojuvelin/BMP2/4–dependent pathway. Although BMP9 is known to be expressed in the liver and potently increased the basal concentrations of hepcidin mRNA, it did not interact with hemojuvelin, and interference with its signaling pathway did not affect iron regulation. Fresh primary hepatocytes constitute a sufficient system for the regulation of hepcidin by physiologic iron stimuli and will greatly facilitate studies of major disorders of iron homeostasis.
Macrophage expression of interleukin-10 is a prognostic factor in nonsmall cell lung cancer
Authors: Zeni E. , Mazzetti L. , Miotto D. , Lo Cascio N. , Maestrelli P. , Querzoli P. , Pedriali M. , De Rosa E. , Fabbri L. M. , Mapp C. E. , Boschetto P. 
Published: May 2007

Interleukin (IL)-10 is expressed in many solid tumours and plays an ambiguous role in controlling cancer growth and metastasis. In order to determine whether IL-10 is involved in tumour progression and prognosis in nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC), IL-10 expression in tumour cells and tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) and its associations, if any, with clinicopathological features were investigated.Paraffin-embedded sections of surgical specimens obtained from 50 patients who had undergone surgery for NSCLC were immunostained with an antibody directed against IL-10. TAMs and tumour cells positive for IL-10 were subsequently quantified.IL-10-positive TAM percentage was higher in patients with stage II, III and IV NSCLC, and in those with lymph node metastases compared with patients with stage I NSCLC. High IL-10 expression by TAMs was a significant independent predictor of advanced tumour stage, and thus was associated with worse overall survival. Conversely, IL-10 expression by tumour cells did not differ between stages II, III and IV and stage I NSCLC.In conclusion, interleukin-10 expression by tumour-associated macrophages, but not by tumour cells, may play a role in the progression and prognosis of nonsmall cell lung cancer. These results may be useful in the development of novel approaches for anticancer treatments.
A perturbation-based balance training program for older adults: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Mansfield Avril , Peters Amy L , Liu Barbara A , Maki Brian E 
Published: May 2007

Abstract

Background
Previous research investigating exercise as a means of falls prevention in older adults has shown mixed results. Lack of specificity of the intervention may be an important factor contributing to negative results. Change-in-support (CIS) balance reactions, which involve very rapid stepping or grasping movements of the limbs, play a critical role in preventing falls; hence, a training program that improves ability to execute effective CIS reactions could potentially have a profound effect in reducing risk of falling. This paper describes: 1) the development of a perturbation-based balance training program that targets specific previously-reported age-related impairments in CIS reactions, and 2) a study protocol to evaluate the efficacy of this new training program.

Methods/Design
The training program involves use of unpredictable, multi-directional moving-platform perturbations to evoke stepping and grasping reactions. Perturbation magnitude is gradually increased over the course of the 6-week program, and concurrent cognitive and movement tasks are included during later sessions. The program was developed in accordance with well-established principles of motor learning, such as individualisation, specificity, overload, adaptation-progression and variability. Specific goals are to reduce the frequency of multiple-step responses, reduce the frequency of collisions between the stepping foot and stance leg, and increase the speed of grasping reactions. A randomised control trial will be performed to evaluate the efficacy of the training program. A total of 30 community-dwelling older adults (age 64–80) with a recent history of instability or falling will be assigned to either the perturbation-based training or a control group (flexibility/relaxation training), using a stratified randomisation that controls for gender, age and baseline stepping/grasping performance. CIS reactions will be tested immediately before and after the six weeks of training, using platform perturbations as well as a distinctly different method of perturbation (waist pulls) in order to evaluate the generalisability of the training effects.

Discussion
This study will determine whether perturbation-based balance training can help to reverse specific age-related impairments in balance-recovery reactions. These results will help to guide the development of more effective falls prevention programs, which may ultimately lead to reduced health-care costs and enhanced mobility, independence and quality of life.
Treatment of displaced supracondylar fractures of the humerus in children by a pin leverage technique
Authors: Lee H.-Y. , Kim S.-J. 
Published: May 2007

This study aimed to evaluate the use of pin leverage in the reduction of Gartland type III supracondylar fractures of the humerus in children. The study comprised 95 children, who were split into three groups according to the type of method of reduction used. Group 1, had an open reduction, group 2, had closed reduction and percutaneous pin fixation and group 3, the pin leverage technique. Each group was analysed according to the time to surgery, the duration of the procedure, the incidence of complications, and the clinical and radiological outcome. The mean duration of the operative procedure in groups 1, 2 and 3 was 119 minutes (80 to 235), 57 minutes (20 to 110) and 68 minutes (30 to 90), respectively. At a mean follow-up of 30 months (12 to 63) the clinical results were declared excellent or good in all children and the radiological results intermediate in five patients in group 2. The results of the closed reduction using the pin leverage technique was classified as failure in two children. Our findings lead us to believe that the pin leverage method of reduction gives good results in the treatment of Gartland type III fractures.
Increased long-term mortality in patients less than 55 years old who have undergone knee replacement for osteoarthritis
Authors: Robertsson O. , Stefánsdòttir A. , Lidgren L. , Ranstam J. 
Published: May 2007

Patients with osteoarthritis undergoing knee replacement have been reported to have an overall reduced mortality compared with that of the general population. This has been attributed to the selection of healthier patients for surgery. However, previous studies have had a maximum follow-up time of ten years. We have used information from the Swedish Knee Arthroplasty Register to study the mortality of a large national series of patients with total knee replacement for up to 28 years after surgery and compared their mortality with that of the normal population. In addition, for a subgroup of patients operated on between 1980 and 2002 we analysed their registered causes of death to determine if they differed from those expected. We found a reduced overall mortality during the first 12 post-operative years after which it increased and became significantly higher than that of the general population. Age-specific analysis indicated an inverse correlation between age and mortality, where the younger the patients were, the higher their mortality. The shift at 12 years was caused by a relative over-representation of younger patients with a longer follow-up. Analysis of specific causes of death showed a higher mortality for cardiovascular, gastrointestinal and urogenital diseases. The observation that early onset of osteoarthritis of the knee which has been treated by total knee replacement is linked to an increased mortality should be a reason for increased general awareness of health problems in these patients.
Construct validity of the Enneking score for measuring function in patients with malignant or aggressive benign tumours of the upper limb
Authors: Wada T. , Kawai A. , Ihara K. , Sasaki M. , Sonoda T. , Imaeda T. , Yamashita T. 
Published: May 2007

We evaluated the construct validity of the Musculoskeletal Tumour Society rating scale (Enneking score) as a functional measure for patients with sarcoma involving the upper limb. We compared the Enneking score by examining the correlation between two patient-derived outcome measures, the Disability of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) questionnaire and the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36 (SF-36) as indicators of functional status in 40 patients with malignant or aggressive benign bone and soft-tissue tumours of the upper limb who had undergone surgical treatment. The frequency distributions were similar among the three scoring systems. As for the validity, Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient of the Enneking score to the DASH questionnaire was −0.79 and that of the Enneking to the SF-36 subscales ranged from 0.38 to 0.60. Despite being a measure from the surgeon’s perspective, the Enneking score was shown to be a valid indicator of physical disability in patients with malignant or aggressive benign tumours of the upper limb and reflected their opinion.
In vivo measurement of tissue metabolism in tendons of the rotator cuff
Authors: Matthews T. J. W. , Smith S. R. , Peach C. A. , Rees J. L. , Urban J. P. G. , Carr A. J. 
Published: May 2007

We have undertaken an in vivo assessment of the tissue metabolism and cellular activity in torn tendons of the rotator cuff. Cellular oxygen consumption was measured in 13 patients undergoing mini-open repair of small, medium, large and massive full-thickness tears. Measurements were also taken from three control patients who were undergoing open stabilisation of the shoulder with grossly normal tendons. The level of oxygen and nitrous oxide was measured amperometrically using silver needle microelectrodes at the apex of the tear and 1.5 cm from its edge. With nitrous oxide indicating the degree of perfusion, oxygen consumption was calculated at each location to reflect cellular activity. All of the torn tendons had lower levels of cellular activity than the control group. This activity was lower still in the tissue nearest to the edge of the tear with the larger tears showing the lowest activity. This indicated reduced levels of tissue metabolism and infers a reduction in tendon viability. Our findings suggest that surgical repair of torn tendons of the rotator-cuff should include the more proximal, viable tissue, and may help to explain the high rate of re-rupture seen in larger tears.
Surveillance for Ceratomyxa shasta in the Puget Sound Watershed, Washington
Authors: Stocking Richard W. , Lorz Harriet V. , Holt Richard A. , Bartholomew Jerri L. 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
Discovery of fish exhibiting clinical signs of ceratomyxosis in Washington State prompted concern over the potential impact of the myxozoan parasite Ceratomyxa shasta on native stocks of steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss (anadromous rainbow trout). To investigate these concerns, a survey of 16 freshwater systems within the Puget Sound watershed, including Lake Washington, was conducted by sentinel exposure of susceptible fish (cutthroat trout O. clarkii and rainbow trout). Fish were exposed for 7 d during September 2003 and May 2004 and then were returned to a holding facility for monitoring of disease signs. Mortality caused by the parasite occurred only in the exposure group held at the University of Washington Hatchery, which receives its water from Portage Bay of Lake Washington. Fish from all other sites were negative for C. shasta, both visually and by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay, except for a single fish held at the Tumwater Falls Hatchery in September 2003. A single deformed spore was detected in that fish, but infection could not be confirmed by PCR and the parasite was not detected from any other fish held at that site during either the September or the May exposure. From these results, we conclude that C. shasta is not likely to have contributed significantly to the decline of steelhead populations throughout Puget Sound.
First Record of Bothriocephalus acheilognathi in the Rio Grande with Comparative Analysis of ITS2 and V4-18S rRNA Gene Sequences
Authors: Bean Megan G. , Škeříková Andrea , Bonner Timothy H. , Scholz Tomáš , Huffman David G. 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
Bothriocephalus acheilognathi is an introduced tapeworm in North America often reported as a serious ecological threat to native fishes. In this paper, we report the first record of B. acheilognathi in the Big Bend region of the Rio Grande in Texas (known as the Río Bravo del Norte in Mexico). Identification of B. acheilognathi was confirmed by morphologic and genetic techniques (sequences of ITS2 and V4-18S rRNA genes). Its prevalence was 27% and its intensity ranged from 1 to 5 individuals in a January 2006 collection of 115 red shiners Cyprinella lutrensis. In addition, it was found in the Tamaulipas shiner Notropis braytoni, a Rio Grande endemic and a new host record. The occurrence of B. acheilognathi might have negative ecological impacts on endemic fishes in the Rio Grande. Several of the fishes that could serve as definitive hosts are of conservation concern. Its occurrence also might affect the success of reintroducing the Rio Grande silvery minnow Hybognathus amarus, which is federally listed as endangered, in this portion of the Rio Grande.
Evaluation of the Effect of Subgingival Placement of Chlorhexidine Chips as an Adjunct to Scaling and Root Planing
Authors: Carvalho Juliana , Novak M. John , Mota Luis F. 
Published: May 2007

Background: The purpose of this 9‐month study was to compare the effect of scaling and root planing alone (control) to that of scaling and root planing plus application of chlorhexidine chips (test).Methods: Twenty‐six subjects having two non‐adjacent sites in non‐molar teeth with probing depth ≥5 mm and bleeding on probing participated in this split‐mouth trial. At baseline, the patients received full‐mouth scaling and root planing followed by placement of chlorhexidine chips secured by cyanoacrylate at test sites and placement of cyanoacrylate alone at control sites. Test sites still ≥5 mm deep at 3 and 6 months were retreated with renewed chlorhexidine chip application. Recordings of bleeding on probing, probing depths, and clinical attachment levels were performed at baseline, after 6 weeks, and after 3, 6, and 9 months.Results: Improvements of bleeding scores, probing depths and clinical attachment levels were observed for both test and control sites at 6 weeks compared to baseline. Subsequently, all three measurements remained comparatively stable throughout the study. No differences in improvements were found comparing test and control sites.Conclusion: This study failed to observe any adjunctive effect of subgingival placement of chlorhexidine chips after scaling and root planing.
Influence of Sampling Strategy on Microbiologic Results Before and After Periodontal Treatment
Authors: Casas Agustín , Herrera David , Martín‐Carnes Javier , González Itziar , O'Connor Ana , Sanz Mariano 
Published: May 2007

Background: The aim of this study was to test whether different sampling strategies would influence the microbiologic outcomes by assessing the bacterial load and composition of the subgingival microbiota by means of anaerobic culturing before and after periodontal treatment.Methods: The first study (1 versus 4 [1vs4]) included 33 patients with generalized chronic periodontitis. Two sampling strategies were compared, sampling one site from the deepest pocket in the mouth (M1) versus a pooled sample of four sites from the deepest pockets in each quadrant (M4). The second study (2 versus 4 [2vs4]) included 20 patients with generalized chronic periodontitis. The strategy M4 was compared to a pooled sample of two non‐adjacent sites in the same quadrant (M2). All samples were processed identically by means of anaerobic culturing. In both studies, a pretreatment sampling was taken. However, in the second study (2vs4), subgingival samples were also taken at 1, 3, and 6 months after periodontal therapy. Quantitative data were compared between strategies by means of t test and signed‐rank test; qualitative data were compared by means of 2 × 2 contingency tables.Results: Pretreatment samples showed that total anaerobic counts were significantly higher for M4 compared to M1 (P <0.001) and M2 (P = 0.025). However, there were no significant differences in regard to percentage of microbiota and counts for each pathogen. Most of the qualitative differences between strategies were caused by false negatives in M1 and M2. Post‐treatment samples showed a reduction in total counts and a limited impact in the frequency of detection of periodontal pathogens. M2 detected a significant decrease in the frequency of detection of Porphyromonas gingivalis, which was not confirmed by the M4 strategy.Conclusion: The criteria of selection and the number of sites selected when sampling the subgingival biofilm in patients with generalized chronic periodontitis may influence the detection and quantitation of periodontal pathogens when evaluated by culture especially after treatment.
The Additional Effect of a Dentifrice on the Instant Efficacy of Toothbrushing: A Crossover Study
Authors: Paraskevas S. , Rosema N.A.F. , Versteeg P. , Timmerman M.F. , van der Velden U. , van der Weijden G.A. 
Published: May 2007

Background: Inconclusive evidence exists in the literature with regard to the additional (beneficial) mechanical effect of a dentifrice on plaque removal. A previous split‐mouth study found that a dentifrice did not contribute to plaque removal. Because of limitations of the split‐mouth model, a crossover design was used to evaluate whether a commercially available dentifrice had an additional effect on mechanical plaque removal during manual toothbrushing.Methods: Thirty‐six subjects were given a manual toothbrush and a standard dentifrice. After a 48‐hour plaque accumulation, subjects brushed under supervision with or without a dentifrice (total time of 2 minutes) in a 2 × 2 crossover design.Results: Plaque reductions were 50% with and 56% without the use of dentifrice. This 6% difference was statistically significant (P = 0.034). Explorative analysis showed that brushing without a dentifrice was more effective in removing plaque on the approximal surfaces.Conclusions: The use of a dentifrice did not contribute to mechanical plaque removal during manual toothbrushing. It seemed that the mechanical action provided by the toothbrush was the main factor in the plaque‐removing process.
Radiographic Study of Ethnic Variation in Alveolar Bone Height Among New Zealand Dental Students
Authors: Wong Benedicta K.J. , Leichter Jonathan W. , Chandler Nick P. , Cullinan Mary P. , Holborow Doug W. 
Published: May 2007

Background: The aim of this study was to determine anatomical variations in the radiographic distance between the cemento‐enamel junction and the alveolar crest with respect to ethnic heritage and gender in New Zealand dental students.Methods: Digitized bitewing films of 123 second‐year New Zealand dental students were examined with a computer imaging program on a desktop computer screen. The race of parents and grandparents was obtained by questionnaire.Results: The mean distance from the cemento‐enamel junction to the alveolar crest across the sample was 0.97 mm. Eighteen (14.6%) of the participants had measurements >2 mm, of whom 17 were Asians. Asians had a significantly larger mean distance than did non‐Asians (1.10 mm compared to 0.83 mm; P <0.001). Gender was not a significant variable.Conclusions: Students of Asian origin had a significantly greater distance between the cemento‐enamel junction and the alveolar crest. It remains to be determined whether this is anatomical or disease related.
Excessive Gingival Bleeding in Two Patients With Glanzmann Thrombasthenia
Authors: Toygar Hilal Uslu , Guzeldemir Esra 
Published: May 2007

Background: Glanzmann thrombasthenia (GT) is an exceedingly rare but well‐defined inherited disorder of platelet function caused by a defect in the glycoprotein IIb/IIIa complex. The association of GT with consanguinity has been noted, especially in geographic regions in which intermarriage is common. In most patients, GT is diagnosed during early infancy or before the age of 5 years. Common manifestations of this disorder are gingival hemorrhage, purpura, epistaxis, petechiae, and menorrhagia. Chronic, prolonged, untreated, or unsuccessfully treated bleeding may be life threatening.Methods: We report two female patients with GT who were referred by our hematology clinic to our periodontology department for the treatment of excessive gingival bleeding. The first patient was treated with a platelet transfusion and underwent periodontal therapy (scaling and root planing and dental polishing). The second patient, whose GT was undiagnosed at the time of her referral to our department, applied to our emergency service because of uncontrolled gingival bleeding that developed after scaling and root planing was performed by her dentist. Both patients had been called for regular dental visits.Results: All treated sites healed without complications. The first patient was monitored for 2 years, during which she practiced proper oral hygiene and experienced no periodontal complications. The other patient did not participate in follow‐up.Conclusions: Gingival bleeding is usually the first sign of most hematologic disorders, and dentists must be alert for the signs of unusual gingival bleeding. In such cases, collaboration with a hematologist is essential. Under the proper circumstances, periodontal treatment can be performed with an acceptable outcome. With proper oral hygiene, we believe that there will be no complications and no gingival bleeding.