bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Values motivation and concern for appearances: the effect of personality traits on responses to corporate social responsibility
Authors: Basil Debra Z. , Weber Deanne 
Published: February 2006

Abstract

The present research seeks to examine differences in support for corporate social responsibility based on certain personality traits. Secondary data from a nationally representative sample of 6065 respondents were examined. The results demonstrate that individuals motivated by a concern for appearances, an egoistic enhancement motivation, as well as individuals motivated by their values, make purchases in support of corporate philanthropy. However those concerned for appearances do not view CSR as a normative requirement, unlike those motivated by their values.

Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Understanding sponsorship and sponsorship relationships—multiple frames and multiple perspectives
Authors: Daellenbach Kate , Davies John , Ashill Nicholas J. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractIt is widely recognized that many arts, sports and charitable organizations rely heavily on income from sponsorship. This paper selectively discusses the literature examining sponsorship, following the approach of Lynallet al.(2003) and the life cycle literature, following Quinn and Cameron (1983). The paper adopts a meta‐framework making use of multiple framing to develop complementary theoretic views and perspectives of the nature of sponsorship relationships in the non‐profit sector. Using a New Zealand arts sponsorship as an illustration, we suggest that insights about the nature of the sponsorship relationship can be better understood through the employment of multiple frames and the development of multiple theoretical perspectives. A future research agenda is also proposed.Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Corporate giving in the Netherlands 1995‐2003: exploring the amounts involved and the motivations for donating
Authors: Meijer May‐May , de Bakker Frank G.A. , Smit Johannes H. , Schuyt Theo 
Published: February 2006

AbstractCorporate giving as an expression of corporate social responsibility (CSR) has been researched less than the more general theme of CSR. In addition, much of the research in this area focuses on countries with an Anglo cultural tradition.The study outlined in this paper offers a comprehensive longitudinal study of corporate giving in the Netherlands. An overview is provided of corporate giving in the Netherlands in the period from 1995 till 2003.The data are gathered by means of a biennial survey of Dutch companies as part of the ‘Giving in the Netherlands’ project. Based on these findings, recent developments in corporate giving can be sketched out.Moreover, literature on motives for corporate giving behavior is focused upon and applied in exploring Dutch managers' motivations for offering donations. Nonprofit organizations could use this knowledge to increase the efficiency of their fund raising.Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Consumer perceptions of compatibility in cause‐related marketing messages
Authors: Trimble Carrie S. , Rifon Nora J. 
Published: February 2006

Abstract

Consumers respond more positively to marketing efforts, like celebrity endorsements and sponsorships, when the image of the sponsoring company or brand is compatible with the celebrity or sponsored event.

The authors explore the concept of compatibility within a cause‐related marketing context. The results of an experiment confirm the role of sponsor/cause compatibility for the creation of positive consumer perceptions of the donor, and highlight the importance of individual characteristics that affect perceptions of the cause and its compatibility with a donor. Theoretical and strategic implications and future research directions are discussed.

Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nematic–isotropic phase behaviors of polydisperse polymer/liquid‐crystal systems: Chain‐length‐dependent interaction parameter
Authors: Choi Jung Jin , Bae Young Chan , Kim Jae Jun 
Published: February 2006

AbstractPhase behaviors of polydisperse polystyrene (PS)/nematic liquid‐crystal systems [P‐ethoxy ‐ benzylidene ‐ p ‐ n‐butylaniline (EBBA)] are investigated with a thermo‐optical analysis technique. We also develop a thermodynamic framework to describe the phase behaviors of polydisperse PS/EBBA systems. The proposed model is based on a modified double‐lattice model to describe isotropic mixing and Maier–Saupe theory for anisotropic ordering. To correlate the polymer chain length and energy parameters in a nematic–isotropic biphasic region and to apply the primary interaction parameter in an isotropic–isotropic phase‐transition behaviors of polydisperse PS/EBBA systems. The proposed model shows remarkable agreement with experimental data for the model systems in comparison with an existing model. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 44: 1031–1039, 2006
Use of soil solarization in weed management on soyabean under Indian conditions
Authors: Singh Rajbir 
Published: February 2006

AbstractSoil solarization before sowing soyabean, using either transparent or black polyethylene film for 15 or 30 days, greatly reduced weed growth. Transparent polyethylene for 30 days had the best effect, and increased soyabean yield by 90%. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Yeast 14‐3‐3 proteins
Authors: van Heusden G. Paul H. , Yde Steensma H. 
Published: February 2006

Abstract14‐3‐3 proteins form a family of highly conserved proteins which are present in all eukaryotic organisms investigated, often in multiple isoforms, up to 13 in some plants. They interact with more than 200 different, mostly phosphorylated proteins. The molecular consequences of 14‐3‐3 binding are diverse: this binding may result in stabilization of the active or inactive phosphorylated form of the protein, to a conformational alteration leading to activation or inhibition, to a different subcellular localization, to the interaction with other proteins or to shielding of binding sites. The binding partners, and hence the 14‐3‐3 proteins, are involved in almost every cellular process and 14‐3‐3 proteins have been linked to several diseases, such as cancer, Alzheimer's disease, the neurological Miller–Dieker and spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 diseases and bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE). The yeasts Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Schizosaccharomyces pombe both have two genes encoding 14‐3‐3 proteins, BMH1 and BMH2 and rad24 and rad25, respectively. In these yeasts, 14‐3‐3 proteins are essential in most laboratory strains. As in higher eukaryotes, yeast 14‐3‐3 proteins bind to numerous proteins involved in a variety of cellular processes. Recent genome‐wide studies on yeast strains with impaired 14‐3‐3 function support the participation of 14‐3‐3 proteins in numerous yeast cellular processes. Given the high evolutionary conservation of the 14‐3‐3 proteins, the experimental accessibility and relative simplicity of yeasts make them excellent model organisms for elucidating the function of the 14‐3‐3 protein family. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Basic methods for fission yeast
Authors: Forsburg Susan L , Rhind Nicholas 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThe fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe is a popular model system, and has been particularly influential in studies of the cell cycle and chromosome dynamics. Despite its differences from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the tools and methods for fission yeast are conceptually similar to those used in budding yeast. Here, we present basic methods sufficient for a beginner in this system to carry out most required manipulations for genetic analysis or molecular biology. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cell wall construction in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Klis Frans M. , Boorsma Andre , De Groot Piet W. J. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractIn this review, we discuss new insights in cell wall architecture and cell wall construction in the ascomycetous yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Transcriptional profiling studies combined with biochemical work have provided ample evidence that the cell wall is a highly adaptable organelle. In particular, the protein population that is anchored to the stress‐bearing polysaccharides of the cell wall, and forms the interface with the outside world, is highly diverse. This diversity is believed to play an important role in adaptation of the cell to environmental conditions, in growth mode and in survival. Cell wall construction is tightly controlled and strictly coordinated with progression of the cell cycle. This is reflected in the usage of specific cell wall proteins during consecutive phases of the cell cycle and in the recent discovery of a cell wall integrity checkpoint. When the cell is challenged with stress conditions that affect the cell wall, a specific transcriptional response is observed that includes the general stress response, the cell wall integrity pathway and the calcineurin pathway. This salvage mechanism includes increased expression of putative cell wall assemblases and some potential cross‐linking cell wall proteins, and crucial changes in cell wall architecture. We discuss some more enzymes involved in cell wall construction and also potential inhibitors of these enzymes. Finally, we use both biochemical and genomic data to infer that the architectural principles used by S. cerevisiae to build its cell wall are also used by many other ascomycetous yeasts and also by some mycelial ascomycetous fungi. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evolution of the genetic code in yeasts
Authors: Miranda Isabel , Silva Raquel , Santos Manuel A. S. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractDuring the last 30 years, a number of genetic code alterations have been uncovered in bacteria and in the mitochondria and cytoplasm of various eukaryotes, invalidating the hypothesis that the genetic code is universal and frozen. In the mitochondria of most yeasts, the UGA stop codon is decoded as tryptophan and the four leucine codons of the CUN family (N = any nucleotide) are decoded as threonine. Recently, a unique genetic code change involving the decoding of the leucine CUG codon as serine was discovered in the cytoplasm ofCandidaandDebaryomycesspecies, indicating that the genetic code of yeasts may be under specific evolutionary pressures whose molecular nature is not yet fully understood. This genetic code alteration is mediated by a novel serine‐tRNA that acquired a leucine 5′‐CAG‐3′ anticodon (ser‐tRNACAG) through insertion of an adenosine in the intron of its gene. This event, which occurred 272 ± 25 million years ago, reprogrammed the identity of approximately 30 000 CUG codons existent in the ancestor of these yeasts and had a profound impact on the evolution of the genusCandidaand of other species. Here, we review the most recent results and concepts arising from the study of this genetic code change and highlight how its study is changing our views of the evolution of the genetic code. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Long‐lived yeast as a model for ageing research
Authors: Piper Peter W. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractYeast has essentially two lifespans: a replicative lifespan (the number of daughters produced by each dividing mother cell) and a chronological lifespan (the capacity of stationary (G0) cultures to maintain viability over time). There is a tendency now to label every investigation that addresses these lifespans as ageing research. It is, though, analyses of the longest lifespans that will be most informative about the determinants of longevity and yield results most relevant to ageing in more complex systems. This review addresses these issues and describes the ongoing studies that are now attempting to address ageing in yeast cells of maximal replicative or chronological longevity. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Natural frequencies of laminated piezoelectric plates with internal electrodes
Authors: Lim C.W. , Cheng Z.‐Q. , Reddy J.N. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractNatural vibrations of laminated piezoelectric plates with internal electrodes are analyzed using the transfer matrix method and the asymptotic expansion method. The steady‐state equations of three‐dimensional linear piezoelectricity reduce to a hierarchy of two‐dimensional equations of the same homogeneous operator. The leading‐order equations are easily solvable, whereas the higher‐order equations may contain secular terms and are not straightforward to find their solutions. The solvability condition is established to calculate higher‐order frequency parameters. The present theoretical formulation is used to provide new results by calculating fundamental frequencies of a rectangular laminated plate with two surface‐affixed piezoelectric actuators, a parallel bimorph, a four‐layered multimorph and a functionally graded plate attached with an actuator.
Some remarks on the asymptotic invertibility of the linearized operator of nonlinear elasticity in the context of the displacement approach
Authors: Monneau R. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractIn this article we study the invertibility of the linearized operator coming from the nonlinear elasticity in the special case of a two‐dimensional thin beam of thickness 2ϵ in one direction and of length 2πL and periodic in the other direction. In the context of the displacement approach, we show that the linearized operator is not invertible for some small compressions of order O(ϵ2/L2) in the direction of the thickness of the beam, and not in the direction of the length as it is usually considered. In particular, we study the kernel of an associated linear operator on an infinite strip. This linear operator depends on a parameter $\overline{\delta}$ which describes the compression with respect to the thickness for $\overline{\delta} &#60;0$. For small enough $\overline{\delta} &#62;0$, we prove that the kernel is trivial; on the contrary for $\overline{\delta} &#60;0$, we rigorously find periodic solutions in the kernel. This last fact is related to the non‐invertibility of the previous linearized operator coming from nonlinear elasticity.
The influence of caged mariculture on the early development of sublittoral fouling communities: a pan-European study
Authors: Cook E.J. , Black K.D. , Sayer M.D.J. , Cromey C.J. , Angel D.L. , Spanier E. , Tsemel A. , Katz T. , Eden N. , Karakassis I. , Tsapakis M. , Apostolaki E.T. , Malej A. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThe development of fouling communities was assessed to investigate the influence of caged mariculture on sublittoral epibiota. Artificial structures were deployed within 10 m of caged mariculture and at a “reference” location between 150 and 500 m of the study site at four coastal locations (Oban, Scotland; Sitia, Crete; Piran, Slovenia; and Eilat, Israel). The fouling community on the artificial structures was measured both quantitatively and qualitatively bi-monthly between June 2001 and December 2001. Multivariate statistical analysis was used to compare community structure between the study sites and locations. Artificial structures deployed at the mariculture site supported a higher epibiotic biomass than at the reference site at Oban and Eilat. Community composition was significantly different between the mariculture and reference site at Eilat. The biological succession on the structures changed from an autotrophic to a heterotrophic mode over the experimental period at all locations with the exception of Oban, where negligible quantities of macroalgae were observed on the structures. Differences in community biomass and succession observed between artificial structures deployed at mariculture and reference sites, particularly in oligotrophic environments, may be caused by enhanced larval settlement and an elevated supply of particulate material and dissolved nutrients to structures adjacent to the fish cages.
Positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis and prediction of dementia
Authors: Jagust William 
Published: February 2006

AbstractBackgroundThe diagnosis of dementia, along with the prediction of who will develop dementia, has been assisted by the development of the brain imaging techniques of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET).MethodsThis paper reviews the brain imaging technologies of structural MRI and PET scanning as they have been applied to both the diagnosis of dementia and prediction of who will develop dementia.ResultsDiagnosis has long been enhanced by the use of structural imaging techniques like MRI to rule out non‐degenerative causes of disease. More recently, PET imaging with the glucose metabolic tracer [18F]Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) may be useful in providing information on the cause of dementia during life, most specifically in differentiating Alzheimer's disease from frontotemporal lobar degeneration. In addition to diagnosis, potential therapeutic advances have increased interest in prediction of dementia. Both MR and FDG‐PET have shown evidence of change in brain structure and metabolism in several models of individuals at‐risk for dementia, including those with mild cognitive impairment and genetic risk factors.ConclusionsWhile these studies have not yet advanced to the level of prospective individual‐subject predictive ability, the pattern of data emerging suggests likely candidate approaches for such studies. The advent of newer techniques such as amyloid imaging with PET and functional MRI may ultimately have relevance for both diagnosis and prediction.
The Northern Ireland life review/life storybook project for people with dementia
Authors: Haight Barbara K. , Gibson Faith , Michel Yvonne 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThere are few interventions that help people with dementia retain or regain a sense of self. Thus, a controlled pilot study examined a life review/life storybook intervention, delivered by familiar care assistants to 30 people with dementia residing in assisted living facilities in Northern Ireland. A multivariate analysis of covariance showed significant change by group (F = 5.01, p < 0.014), particularly on depression (F = 7.54, p < 0.015), communication (F = 23.36, p < 0.005), positive mood (F = 9.47, p < 0.008), and cognition (F = 20.77, p < 0.005), suggesting a potentially promising technique to assist people with dementia.
The Political Costs of Policy Coherence: Constructing a Rural Policy for Scotland
Authors: JORDAN GRANT , HALPIN DARREN 
Published: February 2006

It is not hard to find the complaint that a group of policies are incoherent, operate in silos or are unintegrated. The aspiration to coherence is widespread across all political systems: it is today's idea in good currency. Scholarship has identified conditions that support coherence: a strong constituency with a shared policy image. This article confirms that these are vital sources of more or less coherence, but explores the question of whether more coherence in one area comes at the cost of incoherence elsewhere.Case study detail contrasts the Scottish Executive's projection of a unified rural policy, with the reality of a persistent Scottish agricultural sector, with contending (multiple) publics with separate and often conflicting agendas: the case study found no unified policy community with shared perceptions. While a lack of coordination may simply be the manifestation of poor policymaking, this piece argues that in other cases the practical limitations on policy harmonization have to be acknowledged. Imperfectly coordinated rural policy may be inevitable as coordination in particular niches is often a casualty of competing priorities. This article argues against over ambitious expectations about the feasibility of integration. Accordingly it suggests that the project to rid policy practice of incoherence is too heroic: instead this article rediscovers the virtues of bargaining among informed and relevant participants, and incremental politics.
A Risk Index for Sternal Surgical Wound Infection After Cardiovascular Surgery
Authors: Kohli Michele , Yuan Lilian , Escobar Michael , David Tyrone , Gillis Grant , Garcia Marta , Conly John 
Published: February 2006

AbstractObjectives:To identify factors that increase the risk of sternal surgical wound infection after cardiovascular surgery and to develop a bedside clinical risk index using these factors.Design:A risk index was developed using clinical data collected from a cohort of 11,508 cardiac surgery patients and validated using three independent subsets of the data. With two of these subsets, we derived a logistic regression equation and then modified the scoring algorithm to simplify the calculation of patient risk scores by clinicians. The final subset was used to validate the index. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (aROC) curve was the primary measure of goodness of fit.Setting:Toronto General Hospital, a teaching hospital and the largest center for cardiac surgery in Ontario, Canada.Patients:Cardiac surgery patients receiving cardiopulmonary bypass between April 1, 1990, and December 31, 1995, who survived at least 6 days after surgery.Results:Variables that were used to construct the risk index included reoperation due to complication (odds ratio, 4.3; range, 1.9 to 8.5), diabetes (odds ratio, 2.4; range, 1.5 to 3.7), more than 3 days in the intensive care unit (odds ratio, 5.4; range, 3.2 to 8.7), and use of the internal mammary artery for revascularization (odds ratio, 3.2; range, 1.7 to 5.8). Validation showed that the index had an aROC curve of 0.64.Conclusions:The risk index described in this article allows clinicians to quickly stratify patients into four risk groups associated with an increasing risk of sternal surgical wound infection. It may be used perioperatively or as part of a wound infection surveillance system.
Risk Factors for Spinal Surgical-Site Infections in a Community Hospital: A Case–Control Study
Authors: Apisarnthanarak Anucha , Jones Marilyn , Waterman Brian M. , Carroll Cathy M. , Bernardi Robert , Fraser Victoria J. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractObjective:To characterize risk factors for surgical-site infection after spinal surgery.Design:A case–control study.Setting:A 113-bed community hospital.Method:From January 1998 through June 2000, the incidence of surgical-site infection in patients undergoing laminectomy, spinal fusion surgery, or both increased at community hospital. A We compared 13 patients who acquired surgical-site infections after laminectomy, spinal fusion surgery, or both with 47 patients who were operated on during the same time period but did not acquire a surgical-site infection. Information collected included demographics, risk factors, personnel involved in the operations, length of hospital stay, and hospital costs.Results:Of 13 case-patients, 9 (69%) were obese, 9 (69%) had spinal compression, 5 (38.5%) had a history of tobacco use, and 4 (31%) had diabetes. Oxacillin-sensitiveStaphylococcus aureus(6 of 13; 46%) was the most common organism isolated. Significant risk factors for postoperative spinal surgical-site infection were dural tear during the surgical procedure and the use of glue to cement the dural patch (3 of 13 [23%] vs 1 of 47 [2.1%] ;P= .02) and American Society of Anesthesiologists risk class of 3 or more (6 of 13 [46.2%] vs 7 of 47 [15%];P= .02). Case-patients were more likely to have prolonged length of stay (median, 16 vs 4 days;P< .001). The average excess length of stay was 11 days and the excess cost per case was $12,477.Conclusion:Dural tear and the use of glue should be evaluated as potential risk factors for spinal surgical-site infection. Systematic observation for potential lapses in sterile technique and surgical processes that may increase the risk of infection may help prevent spinal surgical-site infection.