bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intraepithelial Cell Population in the Allergic Nasal Mucosa
Authors: Okuda Minoru , Yen Chen-Hsien , Okubo Kimihiro , Fooanant Supranee , Ikeda Masakazu , Pawankar Ruby 
Published: September 2007

Intraepithelial migrating cells are presumed to play an important role in nasal mucosal immunity because these are the first to come into contact with various foreign particles inhaled and deposited on the nasal surface. To elucidate nasal mucosal immunity, we carried out a quantitative study of the overall population of migrating cells and the lymphocyte subsets in the epithelial compartment of nasal mucosa in patients with house-dust nasal allergy, in patients with nonallergic rhinitis (chronic infectious rhinitis) and “normal” persons (as controls), using both light and electron microscopy in combination with an immunoperoxidase technique. Scrapings from the inferior turbinates were collected for examination of the epithelium. In order of predominance, the most numerous migrating cells were lymphocytes, followed by eosinophils, mast cells, neutrophils, and macrophages in the allergy group; in the nonallergy group neutrophils, lymphocytes, followed by macrophages and eosinophils; and in the normal group lymphocytes were the most predominant. Electron microscopic observation revealed globule leukocytes in addition to the other cells. In subjects with nasal allergy, the migrating cell population in nasal secretion differed from scrapings, in that neutrophils and eosinophils were predominant. In our study of the lymphocyte subsets, although CD8+ cells (suppressor/cytotoxic T cells) were the most numerous (followed by CD16+ [natural killer cells], CD4+ [helper/inducer T cells] and CD21+ [B cells] in that order of predominance in the epithelium), no difference was noted in number among CD4+, CD8+, and CD16+ cells in nasal secretions. On the basis of their ultrafine structure, many CD8+ cells and some CD4+ cells had the morphological appearance of activated lymphocytes. Lymphocytes, mast cells, and globule leukocytes, all of which reside in the allergic nasal epithelium, are likely to be involved in the nasal mucosal immunity.
The Evolution of Endonasal Sinus Surgery in Japan
Authors: Honda Y. , Takahashi R. 
Published: September 2007

Endonasal sinus surgery was performed in Japan as early as 1918. Kenzo Takahashi and Ryo Takahashi initiated and refined the method. The concept of endonasal sinus surgery in Japan is to restore normal function of the nasal cavity as well as that of the paranasal sinuses. This can be achieved by removal of diseased tissue and the creation of a nasal cavity that provides good ventilation and drainage of the paranasal sinuses. To do this, the structures of the nasal cavity must be restored to near normal form. The nasal septum, middle turbinate, lower turbinate, and olfactory fissure must be appropriately corrected and aligned. The principle of our endonasal sinus surgery has been based on the concept that the creation of normal intranasal structure is an integral part of successful sinus surgery.
Morphology of Human Nasal Mucosa on the Inferior Turbinate: A Structural Model
Authors: Anselmo Wilma Terezinha , De Oliveira José Antonio A. , Valeri Victório , Goncalves Renato Pinto 
Published: September 2007

Representative samples of nasal mucosa were examined in 25 patients without nasal or paranasal symptoms with the aim of determining the types of epithelium that line the medial surface of the inferior turbinate. The collected material was examined by light microscopy and the structural details were determined by electron microscopy. We conclude that the inferior turbinate is lined by respiratory epithelium on only 10% of its surface. The rest is lined by stratified epithelia: squamous (8.2%), columnar ciliated (13.6%), and cuboidal (46.6%). Thus cuboidal epithelium is the most widespread and presents variable features. Intermediate epithelial types without defined characteristics were found in transitional zones on 21.6% of the surface. Based on our results, we offer a new concept of the constitution of the nasal mucosa. This revised concept can be helpful in understanding the physiology of the organ, as well as for the correct interpretation of biopsies and smears of the human nasal mucosa.
Management of Nasal Polyps by Steroid Nose Drops
Authors: Lildholdt Torben , Fogstrup Joergen , Gammelgaard Niels , Kortholm Birger , Ulsoe Claus 
Published: September 2007

Systemic steroids may remove symptoms from nasal polyps in most patients, while surgery only is necessary in a few resistant cases. However, topical medication is preferable. Sprays may prevent recurrencies, but they seldom suffice for removing polyps. The aim of the present study was to document clinical efficacy of steroid nose drops. In 24 patients with nasal polyps documented by mini biopsy, aqueous budesonide (Rhinocort Aqua, Draco, Sweden) was applied as nose drops. Every second day 0.25 ml was instilled in each nostril with the head down and forward. Conventional spraying was done twice daily. The clinical condition, nasal expiratory peak flow, and sense of smell was monitored for at least two months. The frequency of applying drops was decreased if smell returned or polyps disappeared while spraying continued. A few patients were not able to comply, and a few noticed insignificant nasal bleeding. In most cases the patients were satisfied after two or three months of treatment. It is concluded that in many patients nasal polyps can be managed by budesonide nose drops. However, the results of the present pilot study should be confirmed by controlled trials before routine clinical use is justified.
Orbital Penetration and Endoscopic Sinus Surgery
Authors: Schaitkin Barry , Mester Sara J. , May Mark 
Published: September 2007

We reviewed medical records of 910 patients on whom we performed 1600 endoscopic sinus procedures between June 1987 and December 1991 to determine the incidence of orbital penetration during endoscopic sinus surgery. We examined this incidence in relation to the area of the orbit penetrated, sequelae, and responsible surgical maneuver during the procedure. Orbital entry was documented in 33 procedures in 32 patients. All procedures were videotaped and these tapes were reviewed. The area of the orbit most often violated was anterior to the anterior ethmoid artery and the front face of the ethmoid bulla. No sequelae occurred in 12 patients, preseptal periorbital ecchymosis occurred in 17 cases, subcutaneous emphysema occurred in 3 cases, and the only serious sequelae, retrobulbar hematoma, occurred with violation of the lamina papyracea in the region of the anterior ethmoid artery in 1 case. We found that complications occurred most often with removal of the uncinate process in patients with a deviated septum and a lateralized middle turbinate. In such patients, for uncinectomy, we deflect the uncinate process medially with a curved ball probe placed through the semilunar hiatus and directed into the infundibulum. With this revision of our technique for removal of the uncinate process, the incidence of orbital penetration dropped to zero.
Botulinum injections for the treatment of bladder symptoms of multiple sclerosis
Authors: Kalsi Vinay , Gonzales Gwen , Popat Roshni , Apostolidis Apostolos , Elneil Sohier , Dasgupta Prokar , Fowler Clare J. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractObjectiveOur objective was to demonstrate the efficacy and impact on quality of life of detrusor injections of botulinum neurotoxin type A in the treatment of bladder dysfunction in patients with multiple sclerosis.MethodsForty‐three patients with multiple sclerosis suffering from severe urgency incontinence were treated with detrusor injections of botulinum neurotoxin type A. Data from cystometric assessment of the bladder, voiding diaries, quality‐of‐life questionnaires, and procontinence medication usage were collected before treatment and 4 and 16 weeks after injection. The same data were also collected after repeat treatments.ResultsHighly significant improvements (p < 0.0001) in incontinence episodes and urinary urgency, daytime frequency and nocturia, were the symptomatic reflection of the significant improvements in urodynamically demonstrated bladder function. Although 98% of patients had to perform self‐catheterization after treatment, there were sustained improvements in all quality‐of‐life scores. The mean duration of effect was 9.7 months. Similar results were seen with repeat treatments.InterpretationMinimally invasive injections of botulinum neurotoxin type A have been shown to be exceptionally effective in producing a prolonged improvement in urinary continence in patients with multiple sclerosis. This treatment is likely to have a major impact on future management. Ann Neurol 2007
Finger tendon disease in untreated early rheumatoid arthritis: A comparison of ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Wakefield R. J. , O'Connor P. J. , Conaghan P. G. , Mcgonagle D. , Hensor E. M. A. , Gibbon W. W. , Brown C. , Emery P. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the frequency and distribution of finger tenosynovitis in patients with early, untreated rheumatoid arthritis (RA) using gray‐scale ultrasound (US) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).MethodsFifty patients underwent US and MRI of metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints 2–5. Twenty healthy controls underwent US only. Flexor and extensor involvement was documented for each joint. Intrareader reliability (IRR) was calculated by rereading static images.ResultsFlexor tenosynovitis was found in 57 (28.5%) of 200 joints in 24 (48%) of 50 patients on US compared with 128 (64%) of 200 joints in 41 (82%) of 50 patients on MRI. Periextensor tenosynovitis was found in 14 (7%) joints in 9 (18%) patients on US compared with 80 (40%) joints in 36 (72%) patients on MRI. No controls had imaging tenosynovitis. Using MRI as the gold standard, the sensitivity, specificity, and negative and positive predictive values for US were 0.44, 0.99, 0.49, and 0.98, respectively, for flexor tenosynovitis and 0.15, 0.98, 0.63, and 0.86 for extensor tenosynovitis, respectively. The IRR was 0.85 and 0.8 for US and MRI, respectively. The most frequently involved joints on US and MRI were the second and third MCP joints.ConclusionThis is the first study to compare US and MRI for the detection of tenosynovitis in the fingers of patients with early untreated RA. Tenosynovitis was found to be common using both modalities, with MRI being more sensitive. A negative US scan does not exclude inflammation and an MRI should be considered. Further work is recommended to standardize definitions and image acquisition for both US and MRI images.
SIMDE: An educational simulator of ILP architectures with dynamic and static scheduling
Authors: Castilla I. , Moreno L. , González C. , Sigut J. , González E. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThis article presents SIMDE, a cycle‐by‐cycle simulator to support teaching of Instruction‐Level Parallelism (ILP) architectures. The simulator covers dynamic and static instruction scheduling by using a shared structure for both approaches. Dynamic scheduling is illustrated by means of a simple superscalar processor based on Tomasulo's algorithm. A basic Very Long Instruction Word (VLIW) processor has been designed for static scheduling. The simulator is intended as an aid‐tool for teaching theoretical contents in Computer Architecture and Organization courses. The students are provided with an easy‐to‐use common environment to perform different simulations and comparisons between superscalar and VLIW processors. Furthermore, the simulator has been tested by students in a Computer Architecture course in order to assess its real usefulness. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 14: 226–239, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com); DOI 10.1002/cae.20154
Structure–Activity Relationship of Prenyl‐Substituted Polyphenols from Artocarpus heterophyllus as Inhibitors of Melanin Biosynthesis in Cultured Melanoma Cells
Authors: Arung Enos Tangke , Shimizu Kuniyoshi , Kondo Ryuichiro 
Published: September 2007

AbstractA series of prenylated, flavone‐based polyphenols, compounds 1–8, were isolated from the wood of Artocarpus heterophyllus. These compounds, which have previously been shown not to inhibit tyrosinase activity, were found to be active inhibitors of the in vivo melanin biosynthesis in B16 melanoma cells, with little or no cytotoxicity. To clarify the structural requirement for inhibition, some structure–activity relationships were studied, in comparison with related compounds lacking prenyl side chains. Our experiments indicate that both prenyl and OH groups, as well as the type of substitution pattern, are crucial for the inhibition of melanin production in B16 melanoma cells.
A New Amphiphilic Derivative, N‐{[4‐(Lactobionamido)methyl]benzylidene}‐ 1,1‐dimethyl‐2‐(octylsulfanyl)ethylamine N‐Oxide, Has a Protective Effect Against Copper‐Induced Fulminant Hepatitis in Long–Evans Cinnamon Rats at an Extremely Low Concentration Compared with Its Original Form α‐Phenyl‐N‐(tert‐butyl) Nitrone
Authors: Asanuma Taketoshi , Yasui Hironobu , Inanami Osamu , Waki Kenji , Takahashi Momoko , Iizuka Daisuke , Uemura Taketo , Durand Grégory , Polidori Ange , Kon Yasuhiro , Pucci Bernard , Kuwabara Mikinori 
Published: September 2007

AbstractAn amphiphilic α‐phenyl‐N‐(tert‐butyl) nitrone (PBN) derivative, N‐{[4‐(lactobionamido)methyl]benzylidene}‐1,1‐dimethyl‐2‐(octylsulfanyl)ethylamine N‐oxide (LPBNSH), newly synthesized from its original form PBN in hopes of clinical use, was intraperitoneally administered to Long–Evans Cinnamon (LEC) rats every 2 days at the concentrations of 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mg/kg. We found that LPBNSH protected against copper‐induced hepatitis with jaundice in LEC rats at concentrations of 0.1 and 0.5 mg/kg, which were extremely low compared with that of PBN. It also effectively prevented the loss of body weight, reduced the death rate, and suppressed the increase in serum aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase values arising from fulminant hepatitis with jaundice at the same concentrations. Similar results were observed when PBN was administered at the concentration of 150 mg/kg. Immunohistochemical analysis of 8‐hydroxy‐2′‐deoxyguanosine and measurement of thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substances in the liver showed that LPBNSH largely suppressed the formation of these oxidative products at same concentrations. No difference in the abnormal accumulation of copper in the liver between the LPBNSH administered and control groups was observed. From these results, it was concluded that LPBNSH exhibited liver‐protective effects against fulminant hepatitis with jaundice at ca. 1/1000, 500 the molar concentration of PBN and, therefore, was clinically promising.
A New Piperazine‐2,5‐dione from the Marine fungus Gliocladium sp.
Authors: Yao Yao , Tian Li , Cao Jia‐Qing , Pei Yue‐Hu 
Published: September 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Carbolithiation of Simple Terminal and Strained Internal Alkenes by the Naphthalene and the Biphenyl Dianion: New Modes of Reactivity of Highly Reduced Organic Species in Solution
Authors: Melero Cristóbal , Guijarro Albert , Baumann Vitus , Pérez‐Jiménez Ángel J. , Yus Miguel 
Published: September 2007

AbstractDianions derived from arenes of high reduction potential (biphenyl, naphthalene) and Li(s) can carbometallate propene, isobutene or norbornene among other alkenes, in an intermolecular fashion. This reaction runs at room temperature to afford partially dearomatized alkylated aryl anions that are susceptible to further functionalization by electrophilic capture. This form of reactivity, typical of the arene dianion, deviates from the specific alkali metal‐like reactivity displayed by these complexes, affording regio‐ and in many cases stereo‐controlled products. DFT calculations help to figure out the regiochemical outcome of this reaction, where some of the most inexpensive organic starting materials are involved. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
First Direct Glycosylation of Unprotected Nonreducing Mono‐ and Disaccharides
Authors: Steinmann Andreas , Thimm Julian , Thiem Joachim 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe first single‐step random‐glycosylation methodology for fully unprotected glycosyl acceptors is reported by random glycosylation leading to all possible regioisomers. For such systems conventional glycosylation methods such as Koenigs–Knorr glycosylation, Schmidt's trichloroacetimidate glycosylation and reactions employing glycosyl fluoride donors fail entirely. Starting from unprotected nonreducing saccharides, the glycosylation of β‐glucosylated and β‐galactosylated monosaccharides (Glc, Gal), symmetric disaccharides (e.g. α,α‐trehaloses) as well as unsymmetric disaccharides (e.g. sucrose) were studied. The influence of base type and concentration were examined. Several libraries of di‐ and trisaccharides were generated. All regioisomers were formed in approximately equal proportions, and their partial separation was achieved by flash column chromatography. Even though it appears that overall yields are lower when comparing to classical protecting‐group chemistry, this synthetic effort may be superior especially for access to higher saccharides. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Metacognition in patients with anorexia nervosa, dieting and non‐dieting women: a preliminary study
Authors: Woolrich Rachel A. , Cooper Myra. J. , Turner Hannah M. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractObjectiveTo explore metacognition in women with anorexia nervosa (AN), dieting and non‐dieting women.MethodA cross‐sectional study between groups design compared women with AN (n = 15), normal dieters (n = 17) and non‐dieters (n = 18). A semi‐structured interview was used to explore presence and content of explicit metacognitions and use of metacognitive control strategies.ResultsExplicit metacognitions and metacognitive control strategies were present in all three groups of women. There were group differences in amount and function of metacognitive activity and trends in the qualitative data suggested participants with AN believed that their thoughts were abnormal and uncontrollable. They used six metacognitive strategies more than control groups and were less successful at using thought re‐appraisal and attending to body and others. Half of participants with AN reported using these strategies to deliberately make themselves feel worse.DiscussionIt is suggested that metacognitive activity may play a role in the maintenance of AN, particularly in reinforcing negative self‐evaluations. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Aglomerular kidney function when challenged with exogenous MgSO4 loading or environmental MgSO4 depletion
Authors: Mcdonald M. Danielle , Walsh Patrick J. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe goal of this study was to investigate the role of MgSO4 in aglomerular kidney function, independent of changes in NaCl. The renal handling of MgSO4 was manipulated by intravenous infusion of an isoosmotic solution containing 80 mmol/L MgSO4 or through exposure to an environment that was reduced in MgSO4 concentration by 90%. Intravenous infusion resulted in a transient increase in circulating Mg2+ and SO42− levels; however, the concentration of both divalent ions in the urine remained elevated throughout the entire infusion period. Infusion also resulted in a transient increase in urine flow rate and apparent glomerular filtration rate, measured using the glomerular filtration rate marker, [3H] PEG 4000. Exposure to MgSO4‐depleted conditions resulted in a significant decrease in plasma and urine concentrations of Mg2+ and in the urine concentrations of SO42−; correspondingly, urine flow rate was significantly depressed. The urinary excretion of both Mg2+ and SO42− demonstrated nonlinear saturation kinetics. The urinary excretion of Mg2+ was significantly correlated with plasma Mg2+ concentration (r=0.75, P=0.04) and yielded a Michealis constant (Km) of 1.67±1.43 mmol/L; P=0.26 and a maximal velocity (Vmax) of 117.4±47.0 µmol/kg/hr; P=0.046. The urinary excretion of SO42− was significantly correlated with plasma SO42− concentration (r=0.94, P<0.02) with a Km of 0.76±0.54; P=0.26 and a Vmax of 59.3±13.1; P=0.02. J. Exp. Zool. 307A:676–687, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Exploring the role of hope in job performance: results from four studies
Authors: Peterson Suzanne J. , Byron Kristin 
Published: September 2007

AbstractAccording to Snyder's hope theory, high hope individuals possess more goal‐related strategies and are more motivated to achieve their goals than their low hope counterparts. Therefore, we examined the relationship between hope and job performance using three different samples of employees of different job levels and industries. We found that more hopeful sales employees, mortgage brokers, and management executives had higher job performance, as measured a year later, even after controlling for their self‐efficacy and cognitive ability. In a fourth study, we examined if more hopeful employees attempt to solve problems differently than do those with less hope. Higher hope management executives produced more and better quality solutions to a work‐related problem, suggesting that hopefulness may help employees when they are confronted with problems and encounter obstacles at work. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Enhancing the relevance of organizational behavior by embracing performance management research
Authors: Aguinis Herman , Pierce Charles A. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThere is a science‐practice gap in organizational behavior (OB) whereby entire bodies of scholarly knowledge are ignored by practitioners. We identify research needed to improve performance management practices that is likely to enhance the relevance of OB in the eyes of practitioners and thus help reduce the science‐practice gap. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Scale transition and enforcement of RVE boundary conditions in second‐order computational homogenization
Authors: Kaczmarczyk Łukasz , Pearce Chris J. , Bićanić Nenad 
Published: September 2007

AbstractFormulation of the scale transition equations coupling the microscopic and macroscopic variables in the second‐order computational homogenization of heterogeneous materials and the enforcement of generalized boundary conditions for the representative volume element (RVE) are considered. The proposed formulation builds on current approaches by allowing any type of RVE boundary conditions (e.g. displacement, traction, periodic) and arbitrary shapes of RVE to be applied in a unified manner. The formulation offers a useful geometric interpretation for the assumptions associated with the microstructural displacement fluctuation field within the RVE, which is here extended to second‐order computational homogenization. A unified approach to the enforcement of the boundary conditions has been undertaken using multiple constraint projection matrices. The results of an illustrative shear layer model problem indicate that the displacement and traction RVE boundary conditions provide the upper and lower bounds of the response determined via second‐order computational homogenization, and the solution associated with the periodic RVE boundary conditions lies between them. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.