bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variabilities in the polar field and solar cycle due to irregular properties of bipolar magnetic regions
Authors: Kumar Pawan , Karak Bidya Binay , Sreedevi Anu 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT
Decay and dispersal of the tilted bipolar magnetic regions (BMRs) on the solar surface are observed to produce the large-scale poloidal field, which acts as the seed for the toroidal field and, thus, the next sunspot cycle. However, various properties of BMR, namely, the tilt, time delay between successive emergences, location, and flux, all have irregular variations. Previous studies show that these variations can lead to changes in the polar field. In this study, we first demonstrate that our 3D kinematic dynamo model, STABLE, reproduces the robust feature of the surface flux transport (SFT) model, namely the variation of the generated dipole moment with the latitude of the BMR position. Using STABLE in both SFT and dynamo modes, we perform simulations by varying the individual properties of BMR and keeping their distributions the same in all the cycles as inspired by the observations. We find that randomness due to the distribution in either the time delay or the BMR latitude produces negligible variation in the polar field and the solar cycle. However, randomness due to BMR flux distribution produces substantial effects, while the scatter in the tilt around Joy’s law produces the largest variation. Our comparative analyses suggest that the scatter of BMR tilt around Joy’s law is the major cause of variation in the solar cycle. Furthermore, our simulations show that the magnetic field-dependent time delay of BMR emergence produces more realistic features of the magnetic cycle, consistent with observation.
The effect of pulsar geometry on the observed gamma-ray spectrum of millisecond pulsars
Authors: Lloyd Sheridan J , Chadwick Paula M , Brown Anthony M 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT
We analyse 13 yr of Fermi Large Area Telescope Pass 8 events from 127 gamma-ray emitting millisecond pulsars (MSPs) in the energy range 0.1–100 GeV and significantly detect 118 MSPs. We fit the stacked emission with a log parabola (LP) spectral model that we show is preferred to two previously published models. We consider the influence of pulsar properties and observed geometric effects on spectral features by defining energy flux colours for both the individual MSPs, and our stacked model as a baseline. There is no correlation of colours with pulsar luminosity, $\dot{E}$, surface magnetic field, or magnetic impact angle. We also find that pulsar geometry has little effect on the observed gamma-ray spectrum, which is in tension with previous modelling of gamma-ray emission with respect to pulsar geometry. Our LP MSP model is applicable to problems where an ensemble of gamma-ray MSPs is considered, such as that of the Galactic Centre excess or in the case of emission from globular clusters.
Simulated host galaxy analogues of high-z quasars observed with JWST
Authors: Berger Sabrina , Marshall Madeline A , Wyithe J Stuart B , Matteo Tiziana di , Ni Yueying , Wilkins Stephen M 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT
The hosts of two low-luminosity high-z quasars, J2255+0251 and J2236+0032, were recently detected using JWST’s NIRCam instrument. These represent the first high-z quasar host galaxy stellar detections and open a new window into studying high-z quasars. We examine the implications of the measured properties of J2255+0251 and J2236+0032 within the context of the hydrodynamic simulation BlueTides at z = 6.5. We find that these observed quasars fall on the BlueTides stellar to black hole mass relation and have similar luminosities to the brightest simulated quasars. We predict their star formation rates, estimating approximately $10^{2-3}$${\rm M}_{\odot }\, \rm yr^{-1}$ for both quasar hosts. J2255+0251 and J2236+0032’s host galaxy radii also fall within estimates of the radii of the simulated host galaxies of similar luminosity quasars. We generate mock JWST NIRCam images of analogues to the observed quasars within BlueTides and perform a point source removal to illustrate both a qualitative and quantitative comparison of the measured and simulated radii and magnitudes. The quasar subtraction works well for similar luminosity quasars, and the recovered host images are consistent with what was observed for J2255+0251 and J2236+0032, further supporting the success of those observations. We also use our mock imaging pipeline to make predictions for the detection of J2255+0251 and J2236+0032’s hosts in upcoming JWST observations. We anticipate that the simulation analogues of future high-z quasar host discoveries will allow us to make accurate predictions of their properties beyond the capabilities of JWST.
Multiple Dimensions of Gender Ideologies: How They Relate to Normative Judgments of the Gender Division of Parental Leave
Authors: Philipp Marie-Fleur 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Previous research has found that gender ideologies are multidimensional. Additionally, their influence on work–care practices depends on the context, including the life stage, presence of children, and partners’ resources, which has received less attention. This study contributes to the understanding of the conditionality of gender ideologies by examining how dimensions of gender ideologies relate to more specific normative judgments regarding the division of parental leave and testing whether the association depends on partners’ relative earnings. I draw on data from a vignette experiment implemented in the representative German GESIS Panel and apply ordinary least squares (OLS) regression models with cluster-robust standard errors to 8,185 vignette evaluations of 2,249 respondents. More egalitarian ideologies regarding the division of employment and housework and less essentialist ideologies are associated with less traditional judgments of the division of parental leave. Support for individual choice is only associated with less traditional judgments on the condition that the mother earns more.
No Common Candidate Genes for Resistance to Fusarium graminearum, F. proliferatum, F. sporotrichioides, and F. subglutinans in Soybean Accessions from Maturity Groups 0 and I: Findings from Genome-wide Association Mapping
Authors: Rafi Nitha , Dominguez Matias , Okello Paul , Mathew Febina M. 
Published: April 2024

Seedling diseases and root rot, caused by species of Fusarium, can limit soybean (Glycine max L.) production in the United States. Currently, there are few commercially available cultivars resistant to Fusarium. This study was conducted to assess the resistance of soybean maturity group (MG) accessions from 0 and I to Fusarium proliferatum, F. sporotrichioides, and F. subglutinans, as well as to identify common quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for resistance to these pathogens, in addition to F. graminearum, using a genome-wide association study (GWAS). A total of 155, 91, and 48 accessions from the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) soybean germplasm collection from MG 0 and I were screened with a single isolate each of F. proliferatum, F. sporotrichioides, and F. subglutinans, respectively, using the inoculum layer inoculation method in the greenhouse. The disease severity was assessed 21 days postinoculation and analyzed using nonparametric statistics to determine the relative treatment effects (RTEs). Eleven and seven accessions showed significantly lower RTEs when inoculated with F. proliferatum and F. subglutinans, respectively, compared with the susceptible cultivar ‘Williams 82’. One accession was significantly less susceptible to both F. proliferatum and F. subglutinans. The GWAS conducted with 41,985 single-nucleotide markers identified one QTL associated with resistance to both F. proliferatum and F. sporotrichioides, as well as another QTL for resistance to both F. subglutinans and F. graminearum. However, no common QTLs were identified for the four pathogens. The USDA accessions and QTLs identified in this study can be utilized to selectively breed resistance to multiple species of Fusarium. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY 4.0 International license .
Access from healthcare professionals to evidence-based pharmacotherapy in allergy management
Authors: Carvalho Daniela 
Published: April 2024

Purpose of review
Access to evidence-based pharmacotherapy (EBP) is crucial in effectively managing allergies. Allergy conditions, including rhinitis, asthma, and dermatitis, require treatment guided by scientific evidence. However, healthcare professionals face challenges in accessing relevant information.

Recent findings
The dynamic nature of allergy research, coupled with limited resources and variability in practice guidelines, complicates decision-making.

Summary
To enhance access, healthcare institutions should invest in comprehensive online resources tailored to allergy management, such as databases and platforms. Advances in algorithm development have shown that artificial intelligence and machine learning can enhance clinical decision-making. Integrating allergy-specific Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSS) into electronic health records can assist professionals in making EBP decisions at the point of care. Continuing education and training programs focused on allergy management can keep healthcare providers updated on the latest research and guidelines. Multidisciplinary teams facilitate knowledge exchange and standardize practice approaches. Social media outlets can be a great route to publicize work carried out or in progress to a target audience of interest. By bridging the gap between evidence and practice in allergy management, healthcare systems can ensure optimal care for patients, alleviating the burden of allergic diseases on individuals and society.
Drug therapy in juvenile spondyloarthritis
Authors: Srinivasalu Hemalatha , Simpson Jessica , Stoll Matthew L. 
Published: April 2024

Purpose of review
This review summarizes latest developments in treatment of juvenile spondyloarthritis (JSpA), specifically enthesitis-related arthritis (ERA) and juvenile psoriatic arthritis (JPsA).

Recent findings
There has been addition of biologic disease modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) beyond tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi) for JSpA such as IL-17 blockers, IL-23 blockers, and janus activating kinase inhibitors with favorable safety profile. Conducting robust clinical trials for this subpopulation of JIA remains a challenge; extrapolation studies are being used to obtain approval from regulatory agencies.

Summary
Newer drug therapies have expanded the scope of treatment for patients with JSpA. bDMARDs such as adalimumab, etanercept, infliximab, and secukinumab have demonstrated clinically significant treatment efficacy in ERA and JPsA. Based on extrapolation studies, intravenous golimumab, etanercept, abatacept, and ustekinumab have gained Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval for JPsA. Long-term follow-up studies continue to demonstrate acceptable safety profiles. There is need for more real-world data on drug efficacy from Registry studies and research on effective de-escalation strategies.
The Role of Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy in the Management of Merkel Cell Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Kanakopoulos Dimitrios , Lacey Hester , Payne Anna , Houlihan Maria , Riyat Harjoat , Wheelan Rhys , Cubitt Jonathan , Totty Joshua P. 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare cutaneous malignancy with high metastatic potential. Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) is used to assess locoregional spread, facilitate staging, and inform prognosis. Positive nodal status is associated with higher recurrence rates and reduced overall survival.

Methods:
A systematic search was conducted. Eligible articles included patients diagnosed with MCC, who would be candidates for or who had SLNB. The Covidence tool was used for screening and data extraction, including additional treatments, disease-free survival, overall survival, and recurrence. Methodological quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottowa Scale criteria.

Results:
SLNB was associated with increased likelihood of completion lymphadenectomy (223 versus 41), regional radiotherapy (2167 versus 808), and systemic chemotherapy (138 versus 31). Overall survival for patients undergoing SLNB was 81% at 2 years, 75% at 3 years, and 72% at 5 years (odds ratio: 0.79). Hazard ratio for positive SLNB versus negative was 3.36 (P < 0.001). Five-year disease recurrence was 23.3% in patients undergoing SLNB.

Conclusions:
Lymph node metastases are associated with reduced overall survival and increased recurrence of MCC. Determining nodal status early can inform prognosis, facilitate staging, and determine need for adjuvant treatment. Adjuvant treatments are associated with reduced mortality and improved overall survival; SLNB is an important influencer of their use. Early prophylactic intervention should be considered in MCC in both positive and negative nodal status to improve overall outcomes. Widespread use of SLNB will allow more accurate assessment of the role of nodal status on adjuvant treatment and long-term outcomes.
Flux Balance Analysis Reveals Potential Anti–HIV-1 Metabolic Targets
Authors: Han Runpeng , Luo Fei , Yu Haisheng , Yan Yajun , Gong Yan , Xie Conghua , Cheng Liang 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) remains a persistent global health challenge. Therefore, a continuous exploration of novel therapeutic strategies is essential. A comprehensive understanding of how HIV-1 utilizes the cellular metabolism machinery for replication can provide insights into new therapeutic approaches.

Methods
In this study, we performed a flux balance analysis using a genome-scale metabolic model (GEM) integrated with an HIV-1 viral biomass objective function to identify potential targets for anti–HIV-1 interventions. We generated a GEM by integrating an HIV-1 production reaction into CD4+ T cells and optimized for both host and virus optimal states as objective functions to depict metabolic profiles of cells in the status for optimal host biomass maintenance or for optimal HIV-1 virion production. Differential analysis was used to predict biochemical reactions altered optimal for HIV-1 production. In addition, we conducted in silico simulations involving gene and reaction knock-outs to identify potential anti–HIV-1 targets, which were subsequently validated by human phytohemagglutinin (PHA) blasts infected with HIV-1.

Results
Differential analysis identified several altered biochemical reactions, including increased lysine uptake and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) activities in the virus optima compared with the host optima. In silico gene and reaction knock-out simulations revealed de novo pyrimidine synthesis, and OXPHOS could serve as potential anti–HIV-1 metabolic targets. In vitro assay confirmed that targeting OXPHOS using metformin could suppress the replication of HIV-1 by 56.6% (385.4 ± 67.5 pg/mL in the metformin-treated group vs. 888.4 ± 32.3 pg/mL in the control group, P < 0.001).

Conclusion
Our integrated host-virus genome-scale metabolic study provides insights on potential targets (OXPHOS) for anti-HIV therapies.
Diagnosis and rescue of malignant hyperthermia induced by anesthesia during radical surgery in a cervical cancer patient using the National Remote Emergency System: A case report
Authors: Xiao Yang , Yu Rou , Gu Juan 
Published: April 2024

Rationale:
Malignant hyperthermia (MH) is a rare yet serious medical complication that typically arises following general anesthesia or the administration of specific anesthetics. Due to the infrequency of MH, anesthesiologists often lack sufficient expertise in identifying and managing it, leading to misdiagnosis and inappropriate treatment. There is an urgent need to enhance the diagnosis and management of MH through the utilization of relevant tools.

Patient concerns:
In this case, a 52-year-old woman underwent radical cervical cancer surgery under general anesthesia, with no family or significant medical history. She experienced a gradual increase in end-tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO2) to a maximum of 75 mm Hg and a rise in body temperature from 36.5 to 37.5 °C in a very short period, as well as a blood gas analysis showing a pH of 7.217.

Diagnosis:
The anesthesiologist immediately used The WeChat applet-based National Remote Emergency System for Malignant Hyperthermia (MH-NRES), and the score was 40, which indicated that the patient was very likely to have MH.

Interventions:
We immediately discontinued sevoflurane and switched total intravenous anesthesia to maintain general anesthesia, with a rapid intravenous infusion of dantrolene sodium.

Outcomes:
The ETCO2 and the temperature quickly dropped to normal, followed by successful completion of the surgery, and the patient was discharged 8 days after surgery.

Lessons:
The experience can provide a basis use of MH-NRES and improve the ability of anesthesiologists to deal with intraoperative MH as well as increase the survival probability of patients.
Weighted gene co-expression network analysis reveals key biomarkers and immune infiltration characteristics for bronchial epithelial cells from asthmatic patients
Authors: Liu Qianqian , Tang Xiaoli , Xu Haipeng , Wen Jie , Chen Yangyang , Xue Shoubin 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Asthma ranks among the most prevalent non-communicable diseases worldwide. Previous studies have elucidated the significant role of the immune system in its pathophysiology. Nevertheless, the immune-related mechanisms underlying asthma are complex and still inadequately understood. Thus, our objective was to investigate novel key biomarkers and immune infiltration characteristics associated with asthma by employing integrated bioinformatics tools.

Methods:
In this study, we conducted a weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) to identify key modules and genes potentially implicated in asthma. Functional annotation of these key modules and genes was carried out through gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis. Additionally, we constructed a protein–protein interaction (PPI) network using the STRING database to identify 10 hub genes. Furthermore, we evaluated the relative proportion of immune cells in bronchial epithelial cell samples from 20 healthy individuals and 88 asthmatic patients using CIBERSORT. Finally, we validated the hub genes and explored their correlation with immune infiltration.

Results:
Furthermore, 20 gene expression modules and 10 hub genes were identified herein. Among them, complement component 3 (C3), prostaglandin I2 receptor (PTGIR), parathyroid hormone-like hormone (PTHLH), and C-X3-C motif chemokine ligand 1 (CX3CL1) were closely correlated with the infiltration of immune cells. They may be novel candidate biomarkers or therapeutic targets for asthma. Furthermore, B cells memory, and plasma cells might play an important role in immune cell infiltration after asthma.

Conclusions:
C3, PTGIR, CX3CL1, and PTHLH have important clinical diagnostic values and are correlated with infiltration of multiple immune cell types in asthma. These hub genes, B cells memory, and plasma cells may become important biological targets for therapeutic asthma drug screening and drug design.
Prognostic impact of CD68+ tumor-associated macrophages in hepatocellular carcinoma: A meta-analysis
Authors: Jin Danwen , Qian Liyong , Chen Jiayao , Yu Ze , Dong Jinliang 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Evidence from clinical research suggests that the tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) were associated with prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The aim of the present meta-analysis was to conduct a qualitative analysis to explore the prognostic value of CD68 + TAMs in HCC.

Methods:
This study conducted a systematic search in Pubmed, Embase, the Cochrane Library and China National Knowledge Internet from inception of the databases to November 2023. The hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated employing fixed-effect or random-effect models depending on the heterogeneity of the included trials. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to evaluate the risk of prejudice.

Results:
We analyzed 4362 HCC patients. The present research indicated that the expression levels Of CD68 + TAMs were significantly associated with overall survival (OS) (HR = 1.55, 95% CI: 1.30–1.84) and disease-free survival (DFS) (HR = 1.44, 95% CI: 1.17–1.78). Subgroup analysis based on cutoff values showed that the “Median” subgroup showed a pooled HR of 1.66 with a 95% CI ranging from 1.32 to 2.08, which was slightly higher than the “Others” subgroup that exhibited a pooled HR of 1.40 and a 95% CI of 1.07 to 1.84. The “PT” subgroup had the highest pooled HR of 1.68 (95% CI: 1.19–2.37), indicating a worse OS compared to the “IT” (pooled HR: 1.50, 95% CI: 1.13–2.01) and “Mix” (pooled HR: 1.52, 95% CI: 1.03–2.26) subgroups. Moreover, in the sample size-based analysis, studies with more than 100 samples (>100) exhibited a higher pooled HR of 1.57 (95% CI: 1.28 to 1.93) compared to studies with fewer than 100 samples (<100), which had a pooled HR of 1.45 (95% CI: 1.00–2.10).

Conclusions:
The analysis suggests that CD68 + TAMs were significantly associated with unfavorable OS and DFS in HCC patients, and may be served as a promising prognostic biomarker in HCC. However, more large-scale trials are needed to study the clinical value of TAMs in HCC.
The 100 top-cited articles on chronic kidney disease–mineral and bone disorder: A bibliometric analysis
Authors: Kang Ting , Mao Haixia , Zhang Dongmei , Tang Dan , Ou Santao 
Published: April 2024

Background:
Tremendous scientific research has been conducted on chronic kidney disease–mineral and bone disorder (CKD–MBD), while only a few bibliometric analyses have been conducted in this field. In this study, we aim to identify 100 top-cited articles on CKD–MBD and analyze their main characteristics quantitatively.

Methods:
Web of Science was used to search the 100 top-cited articles on CKD–MBD. The following data were extracted and analyzed from the selected articles: author, country of origin, institutions, article type, publication journal, publication year, citation frequency, and keywords.

Results:
Among the 100 top-cited articles, the number of citations ranged between 181 to 2157, with an average number of citations of approximately 476. These articles were published in 23 different journals, with Kidney International publishing the most articles (n = 32). The largest contributor was the United States (n = 63), which was also the country that conducted the most collaborative studies with other nations. The University of Washington contributed the largest number of articles (n = 37). Block GA was the most common first-author (n = 7). The majority of articles were clinical research articles (n = 73), followed by reviews (n = 15). Although almost half of the articles had no keywords, the most concerned research direction was CKD-associated bone disease.

Conclusion:
This is the first bibliometric study of the 100 top-cited articles on CKD–MBD. This study provides the main academic interests and research trends associated with CKD–MBD research.