bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gastric lymphomas: Chemotherapy as a primary treatment
Authors: Solidoro Andres , Payet Carlos , Sanchez‐Lihon Juvenal , Montalbetti Juan A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTwenty‐one of 65 patients with gastric lymphoma have been treated with combination chemotherapy; 17 patients had chemotherapy as primary treatment, and 4 had it for residual disease after incomplete surgical resection. Three of these patients were in stage III and 18 were in stage IV of the disease, according to the TNM Staging Classification. CHOP‐Bleo or CHOP combination was given to 17 patients, and the COPP‐Bleo regimen to three; the last one was treated with COP.Sixteen of the 18 stage IV patients entered into complete remission after 6 to 10 courses of CHOP or COPP‐Bleo; there was one partial response and one failure. Six complete responders had a surgical restaging performed and none of them had gross evidence of residual disease; all of them had partial gastrectomy and in five cases there was no microscopical evidence of disease; in one of the resected stomachs, a focus of residual disease was discovered involving the submucosa but without compromise of the serosa. Fourteen (77.7%) of these patients are alive with no evidence of disease 1–10 (X = 3.8 years); one patient died with recurrent disease at 30 months; another patient died of other causes after 3 years; one patient is alive with disease at 18+ months. All the remaining 16 stage IV patients who were not given chemotherapy have died, median survival time being 5 months.Seventeen stage I–II patients were treated by surgery alone and 12 of them (70%) are alive and free of disease at 5 years; five patients died of causes not related to lymphoma. Six (42.8%) of the 14 stage III patients were alive at 5 years; 12 patients of this group underwent gastric resections and only 3 of them have been treated with combination chemotherapy: one of them lived for 9 years and another one for more than 4 years; seven patients were not given any type of complementary treatment, and only 1 is alive and free of disease at 5 years. All three patients who were given chemotherapy after surgical resection are alive and free of recurrence 14–28 months after the operation.
Transrectal ultrasound of the prostate
Authors: Pow‐Sang Julio M. , Pow‐Sang Julio E. , Benavente Victor 
Published: February 2007

AbstractOne hundred and twenty‐one transrectal ultrasound examinations of the prostate were performed between August and October of 1987. Indications included screening in 41 patients, evaluation of bladder outlet obstruction in 63 patients, evaluation of palpable nodules in 6 patients, and evaluation after transurethral resection of the prostate in 11 patients. A total of five patients were discovered to have prostate cancer after biopsy of a hypoechoic lesion in a normal feeling prostate by digital rectal examination. One patient was from the screening group, two patients with bladder outlet obstruction and two patients from the postransurethral resection group. All six patients with palpable nodules were diagnosed as having a cancer: Stage B2 on the rectal examination and two of the six patients were upstaged to Stage C by ultrasound criteria. In our hands transrectal ultrasound of the prostate is a valuable adjunct in the urological armamentarium with clear application in the diagnosis and staging of prostate cancer.
Management of anterior mediastinal tumors
Authors: Mark James B. D. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe most common neoplasms of the anterior mediastinum are thymomas, lymphomas, and germ cell tumors. Surgical exploration was the routine approach to the diagnosis and management of these tumors. This is no longer true. The appropriate initial treatment of these neoplasms varies from surgical resection to radiation therapy to systemic chemotherapy. Except for the small well‐encapsulated anterior mediastinal mass, it is imperative that a definitive tissue diagnosis be obtained before initiating treatment. An overview of these tumors and the specific approaches to their treatment are detailed.
Gynecologic tumor markers
Authors: Olt George J. , Berchuck Andrew , Bast Robert C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe advent of monoclonal technology has increased the potential utility of antibody‐dependent tumor marker assays in gynecologic oncology. The availability of unlimited quantities of several pure monoclonal antibodies directed against novel epitopes on tumor‐associated antigens has permitted development of highly sensitive assays for serum markers. Traditional assays for human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), NB/70K and TA‐4 have been improved. CA 125 has provided a useful first‐generation marker for monitoring ovarian cancer and triaging patients with pelvic masses, despite limitations in sensitivity and specificity. In the next decade, the challenge is to identify new markers that will complement CA 125 in monitoring ovarian cancer and facilitate screening for occult early‐stage disease. Strategies involving multiple markers and modalities may be required. Some markers may emerge through a more fundamental knowledge of the biology of gynecologic neoplasms, including the expression of growth factors and their receptors. Finally, the application of monoclonal antibodies to immunohistochemistry and radionuclide imaging also may provide new areas of diagnostic application for monoclonal antibodies in gynecologic oncology.
Advances in radiotherapy in the gynecologic malignancies
Authors: Dembo Alon J. , Balogh Judith M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe review, for their wider applicability, four advances in the radiotherapeutic management of the gynecologic malignancies. Attempts at improving upon results obtained with radiotherapy by the addition of chemotherapy have usually followed one of two temporal strategies: Sequential chemotherapy‐radiotherapy (so‐called neo‐adjuvant chemotherapy), or chemotherapy given concurrently with radiotherapy. The pros and cons of both models are discussed. Recent work suggests that there is a differential response between the acutely reacting normal tissues, as well as tumor, and the late‐reacting normal tissues, which is dependent upon the radiation fraction size. The rationale and some important clinical applications are reviewed.Advances in brachytherapy include the high dose rate treatment and the use of rigid templates to guide the accurate placement of the interstitial implant. The controversies surrounding these approaches require further study before the precise place of these techniques is known. Finally, in vulvar cancer, the addition of radiotherapy to surgery is being studied to permit less radical operations in early disease, and greater local tumor control in advanced disease.
Controversies in the diagnosis and treatment of early carcinoma of the larynx
Authors: Loré John M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPatients in whom the diagnosis of early carcinoma of the larynx is made and treated as outlined below have a good to excellent outlook (from 85 to 95% survival for glottic lesions). Metastases from lesions of the free edge of the vocal cord usually do not occur because of the paucity of lymphatics, whereas lesions of the supraglottis are more apt to metastasize to regional lymph nodes and local spread. The subglottic area on the other hand by in large has a more ominous prognosis. Carcinoma in situ is treated mainly by endoscopic surgery, whereas T1 lesions of the glottis can either be treated by surgery or radiation with comparable results. This author prefers conservation surgery for the majority of T1 lesions. Radiotherapy is utilized for selected patients with T1 glottic lesions.
Nonoperative techniques for tissue diagnosis in the management of thyroid nodules and goiters
Authors: Clark Kimberly C. , Moffat Frederick L. , Ketcham Alfred S. , Legaspi Adrian , Robinson David S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAs only 10% of thyroid nodules are malignant, the surgical oncologist is faced with the challenge of selecting for thyroidectomy only those patients likely to benefit therapeutically from surgery. Demonstration of nonfunction on scintigraphic thyroid scan increases the yield of cancer only by 15% to 20%. Aspiration cytology and needle biopsy are potent aids in selecting patients for thyroidectomy. In 1,504 patients for whom a benign or malignant cytological diagnosis was made prior to thyroidectomy, the sensitivity of this technique was 92.0%, specificity was 97.3%, and overall diagnostic accuracy 95.7%. Morbidity is minimal. The reliability of these techniques is dependent on proficient specimen procurement and the cytopathologist's expertise and experience. Differentiation of benign from malignant follicular and lymphocytic lesions is not possible with conventional cytology preparations; 28% of such “indeterminant” lesions prove to be cancer at thyroidectomy. Aspiration cytology is a simple, reliable technique for selection of patients with thyroid nodules for surgery.
Follicular carcinoma of the thyroid
Authors: Watne Alvin L. , Starke Joseph , McQuitty Dwayne , Sohrabi Abdokarim 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFollicular carcinoma deserves a careful preoperative evaluation and multidisciplinary therapy planning. Needle aspiration may be of less value than for other thyroid lesions. If the surgeon is suspicious of a carcinoma, a total lobectomy of the involved side and frozen section may be indicated. Lobectomy with or without isthmusectomy seems to be the minimal treatment for tumors confined to the lobe without nodal metastases. Total thyroidectomy is reserved for patients at high risk by nature of age, large lesions, angioinvasion, capsular invasion, or known metastatic disease where subsequent I‐131 therapy is considered likely. I‐131 scanning for metastatic disease is indicated in these high‐risk patients. I‐131 therapy is very valuable for treatment of metastatic disease; and in patients presenting with metastatic disease, total thyroidectomy may be indicated to maximize the therapeutic benefit of the I‐131. Judicious planning and care of these patients can result in a 50 to 70% total cure and as high as 85% long‐term survival.
Complications in management of thyroid cancer
Authors: Loré John M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThere are a number of complications related to the management of thyroid carcinoma, some due to the natural history of the disease regardless of its cell type and all too many which are iatrogenic. Three of these complications will be discussed: 1) airway problems, 2) related photation aspects, and 3) hypoparathyroidism.
Technical surgical considerations for CEA directed second‐look operations and hepatic tumor excision
Authors: Minton John Peter 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSurgical removal of recurrent metastatic colon and rectal cancer has provided many individuals with disease‐free and treatment‐free long‐term survival of 5 or more years. Surgical removal of metastatic tumor from both lobes of the liver can be done with limited mortality and minimal complications when lesions are small and discovered early. Second‐look operations should be performed when a persistently rising carcinoembryonic antigen is observed in the period after colorectal cancer resection, even when all other tests are negative. Repeat operations may be beneficial when all detectable disease was removed at the previous operation.
Multiple operations for recurrent colorectal cancer
Authors: Sardi Armando 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe benefit of an aggressive surgical approach in selective patients with recurrent colorectal cancer has been demonstrated by several investigators. The disease‐free 5 year survival is 30%, and in carefully selected series it is as high as 46%. These procedures can be performed safely with minimal morbidity and mortality by surgeons who are experienced in the techniques of radical surgery. It is important and should be our focus to try to identify those patients who will benefit the most from an aggressive surgical approach, by better definition of the biology of the tumor through tumor differentiation and DNA and oncogene analysis.
Experimental trials of immunotherapy for malignant melanoma
Authors: Reintgen Douglas , Becker Jeanne , Seigler Hilliard F. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractConventional treatment for metastatic melanoma consists of surgical resection, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. New approaches toward treatment of this disease include the development of passive and active immunotherapeutic regimens. Malignant melanoma is particularly amendable to immunotherapy since the tumor is relatively immunogenic, expressing unique cell surface protein and lipid antigens. Clinical trials investigating the benefit of active specific immunotherapy documented increased survival of invasive Stage 1 and metastatic Stage 2 melanoma patients following immunization with tumor cell vaccines and BCG. Additional trials showed that the development of specific antibodies after immunization of Stage 2 patients with a viral oncolysate was correlated with an increased survival compared to matched controls given only BCG. Passive immunotherapy approaches using either lymphokine‐activated killer (LAK) cells or tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) administered with interleukin 2 have also resulted in regression of disease with complete or partial remissions occurring in 25% of the patients. Additional studies have focused on the generation of specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes by stimulation with autologous tumor in vivo. Future trials will evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of these specific cytologic T lymphocytes relative to LAK and TIL.
Role of immunotherapy in the treatment of bladder and renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Stone Nelson N. , Droller Michael J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMuch remains to be learned about the immune response in human neoplasia both in a phenomenological sense and in its therapeutic possibilities. Recruitment of immune response mechanisms in the defense against cancer development and in the cure of advanced disease, though theoretically sound, remains to be proven in demonstration of both its phenomenological and clinical efficacyThe most important steps in this regard will require an analysis of those mechanisms that may truly be active in human cancer. Their enhancement and effective delivery to various tumor sites, then reliable monitoring, and proof of their efficacy will be necessary to accomplish before any conclusive statement can be made as to the usefulness of immunotherapy in the treatment of genitourinary neoplasia and of human cancer in general.
Adjuvant systemic therapy for early breast cancer
Authors: Crown John , Norton Larry 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSytemic therapy (chemotherapy or hormonal therapy) as an adjuvant to modalities of local control is now an integral part of the management of almost all patients with primary brest cancer metastatic to axillary lymph nodes. In addition, recent data suggest an expanding role for such treatments in patients without axillary involvement. Although some node‐negative patients should probably not receive adjuvant therapy, the precise criteria to be used for selection are still under active discussion in the literature. Of the two types of systemic treatment, it is generally accepted that chemotherapy is indicated for premenopausal patients and that tamoxifen is useful for postmenopausal patients whose tumors contain estrogen or progesterone receptors. The recent analysis of several studies has suggested that chemotherapy may add to the benefits of tamoxifen in some postmenopausal patients as well. A possible role for tamoxifen in younger patients is beign evaluated. For patients at relatively low risk of systemic relapse (i.e., those with zero to three involved axillary lymph nodes), no chemotherapy regimen has yet shown an advantage over 6 months of cyclophosphamide, methotrexate and 5‐fluorouracil. For patients at high risk, however, doxorubicin‐based regimens have demonstrated benefits. Highdose chemotherapies, some involving autologous bone marrow support, are being investigated for patients with ten or more involved nodes who are at very high risk of the eventual development of stage IV deasease.
Breast cancer rehabilitation
Authors: Shea Bernadette , Kleban Pt, Rosalind , Knauer Cynthia J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe Breast Surgery Rehabilitation Group (BSRG), established initially in 1970, assists patients at Memorial Sloan‐Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) with physical and emotional recovery from breast cancer surgery and promotes return to preoperative activities. The team includes a physical therapist, social worker, and nurse. Attendance at sessions is prescribed by all physicians on the Breast Service. Problems such as threat to life by cancer and emotional impact of breast loss are addressed, in addition to aid in actual physical recovery from surgery with exercise instruction and interaction with other women in the group who have a similar diagnosis. The information and support provided in this way help the patient to achieve a sense of control in a situation that threatens their emotional and physical world.
Staging of pediatric cancers: Problems in the development of a national system
Authors: Fleming Irvin D. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe majority of the common pediatric cancers are managed on clinical protocols and are treated in pediatric oncology centers. For this reason these neoplasms are being staged by a variety of protocols depending on the protocol study. Examples of the evaluation and currently used staging systems for Wilms' tumor, neuroblastoma, and rhabdomyosarcoma are presented. The goal is to develop a nationally accepted staging system for these common pediatric tumors that is broadly accepted for treatment planning, determining prognosis, and comparing institutional end results. It is obvious that, if a nationally accepted staging system is to evolve, the leadership of the existing national clinic research trials must be part of the process. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sarcoma management based on a standardized TNM classification
Authors: Arlen Myron , Marcove Ralph 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe proper management of soft tissue sarcomas, that offering the highest cure rate while attempting limb sparing should the extremities be involved, requires a standard approach best achieved with the TNM classification. Such staging of the sarcomatous lesion is based primarily on the histologic grade, followed by size and finally histologic classification. The definitive approach is surgical, with muscle group dissection employed at all sites, including the extremities, trunk, and head and neck region. Radiation therapy alone or in combination with chemotherapy improves survival in all high‐grade lesions at risk for recurrence. Evaluation of the primary and recurrent lesion by computed tomography, magnetic resonance when necessary, and angiography offers the best approach for evaluation of the lesion in treatment planning. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Critical review of the models to study the biologic progression of bladder cancer
Authors: Schalken Jack A , Van Moorselaar Reindert J. A. , Bringuier Pierre Paul , Debruyne FRANS M. J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFor transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder, clinical data indicate that invasive, metastatic tumors can arise through at least two different progression pathways. The majority of invasive, metastatic bladder neoplasms clinically present de novo, i.e., the patients have no history of malignant bladder disease. This implies that the highly malignant tumor cells either arise de novo or have undergone a rapid progression. Alternatively, a considerable fraction of patients with superficial bladder cancer process to invasive disease after a history of relatively benign superficial TCC. The molecular and cell biological basis of tumor progression is only poorly understood. Clearly, a better understanding of this progress could have profound clinical implications, since patients with superficial TCC with a high risk for progression would have to be treated more aggressively. We discuss the problems that are associated with tumor biological studies on early steps in the progression of TCC, especially from a “model system point of View”.
Comparative study of survival of screen‐detected compared with symptom‐detected lung cancer cases
Authors: Naruke Tsuguo , Kuroishi Tetsuo , Suzuki Takaichiro , Ikeda Shigefo 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSurvival rates were studied in 1,297 screen‐detected and 1297 symptom‐detected patients with lung cancer. Resections took place in 20 hospitals and institutions in the Japanese Lung Cancer Screening Research Group. 60.6% of the screen‐detected lung cancer patients were from stage 0 to 11 and 39.4% were from stage III and TV. On the other hand, 27.1% of symptom‐detected patients were from stage 0 to 11 and 72.9% were stage III to IV. In the screen‐detected group, the tumor was peripheral in 83%, adenocarcinoma in 52.4% and the resectability rate was 66.5%. Five‐ and 10‐year survival rates were 32.4% and 22.5% respectively in the screen‐detected patients and 13.7% and 9.9% in symptom‐detected patients.
Induction chemotherapy for stage IIIA unresectable non‐small cell lung cancer: The toronto experience and an overview
Authors: Goldberg Melvyn , Burkes Ronald L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThirty‐nine patients with mediastinoscopy stage IIIA, N2 non‐small cell lung cancer received two cycles of MVP (mitomycin C, vindesine, cisplatin). Responders underwent thoracotomy for resection and two further courses of MVP.Overall response rate was 64% (25 / 39) with three complete and 22 partial responses. Twenty‐two patients were resected, which included radical mediastinal node dissection. Eighteen resections were complete and four were incomplete. Pathologically, three patients (7.7%) had no remaining tumor. Toxicity included two postoperative deaths with B‐P fistula, mitomycin pulmonary toxicity in two patients, and four septic deaths. Twenty‐eight patients have died, 20 with recurrent or progressive disease. Of the 18 patients completely resected, eight have recurred with a median time to recurrence of 20.6 months. Sites of recurrence include two locoregional, five distant (two in brain) and one in both. Median survival of the entire 39 patients is 18.6 months, with a three year survival of 26%). The median survival for those patients completely resected was 29.7 months with a 3‐year survival of 40%.
Rehepatectomy of primary liver cancer
Authors: Wu Meng‐Chao , Chen Han , Yan Yi‐Qun 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFrom January 1960 to July 1991, 72 patients underwent reoperation for recurrence of liver cancer. Hepatectomy was performed twice in 59 cases, three and four times each in nine and three cases. The 1,3, and 5‐year survival rates after the first operation were 98.6%, 69.9%, and 49.5%, respectively, while after the second operation these rates were 90.8%, 53.5%, and 36.1%, respectively. The 1,2, and 3‐year survival rates after the third operation were 100%, 85.6%, and 36.7%, respectively. The preliminary results of rehepatectomy are thus encouraging. The indications for reintervention, types of operation, prophylactic measures against tumor recurrence and metastases, and evaluation of rehepatectomy are discussed.
Reproduction and the APUD system
Authors: Wanke Irene E 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSubstantial evidence for involvement of the APUD system in the normal reproductive tract is limited to the prostate gland and uterine cervix. Most supportive data simply documents the presence of neuro‐endocrine cells in these tissues. A biological product(s) or role(s) remains to be discovered, but appears likely in the prostate. Tumors possessing cells with APUD characteristics have been described in many reproductive tissues including the prostate, cervix, endometrium, ovary, and testes. These tumors are generally aggressive in behavior, and optimum therapy needs to be determined.