bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incorporation of 1‐14C‐Acetate into C26 fatty acids of the marine spongeMicrociona prolifera
Authors: Morales Reginald W. , Litchfield Carter 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe incorporation of 1‐14C‐acetate into the many fatty acids of the marine spongeMicrociona prolifera was investigated. Probable precursors of 26∶2Δ5,9 and 26∶3Δ5,9,19 showed high levels of radioactivity, supporting the following pathways for the biosynthesis of C26 acids:
urn:x-wiley:00244201:lipd0570:equation:lipd0570-math-0001
Degradation of the unsaturated C26 acids at their double bonds showed that the14C was concentrated near the carboxyl end of the chain. Hence, chain elongation was the major mechanism for acetate incorporation into these acids.
Effect of dietary di‐2‐ethylhexyl phthalate on oxidation of14C‐palmitoyl CoA by mitochondria from mammalian heart and liver
Authors: Bell Frank P. , Gillies Peter J. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractOxidation of [1‐14C] palmitoyl CoA by heart and liver mitochondria from rats fed dietary di‐2‐ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) was investigated in vitro. Oxidation of14C‐palmitoyl CoA to14CO2 increased two‐ to threefold in hepatic mitochondria from rats fed 0.1% DEHP for 2 to 3 days; this increase appeared to be a maximum response since similar data were obtained using hepatic mitochondria from rats receiving 0.5% or 1.0% DEHP in the diet. The response of hepatic mitochondria to DEHP was found to continue throughout the duration of 35‐day trials in which 1.0% DEHP was fed. In contrast to hepatic mitochondria, the oxidation of14C‐palmitoyl CoA by heart mitochondria decreased ca. 40% upon addition of 0.1% or 0.5% DEHP to the diet; this effect of DEHP on heart mitochondria was not sustained beyond ca. 8 days of DEHP feeding. Limited studies were also performed in rabbits and pigs. Oxidation of14C‐palmitoyl CoA was increased ca. twofold in hepatic mitochondria from rabbits fed 1% dietary DEHP for 12 days and in hepatic mitochondria from pigs that received 5 doses of DEHP (0.8g/kg) at 12‐hr intervals; the oxidation14C‐palmitoyl CoA by heart mitochondria from these same animals was unchanged in the rabbit but increased an average of 37% in the pig. DEHP feeding to rats was associated with increased yields of hepatic mitochondrial protein; standardized preparations of heart mitochondria were not similarly affected.
A rapid sensitive method for determining phospholipid phosphorus involving digestion with magnesium nitrate
Authors: Duck‐Chong Coral G. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractA method is described for the rapid determination of phospholipid phosphorus in samples containing less than 0.5 μg phosphorus. Phospholipid phosphorus is first converted to inorganic phosphate by heating a dried lipid extract briefly over a Bunsen flame in the presence of magnesium nitrate, then dissolving the resulting residue in dilute hydrochloric acid at 95 C. The determination of the inorganic phosphate content of the sample then requires only the addition of Triton X‐100 and an acidic ammonium molybdate‐malachite green reagent. Absorbance is measured at 650 nm after 5 min at room temperature.
Desaturation of eicosa‐11,14‐dienoic acid in human testes
Authors: Albert D. H. , Rhamy R. K. , Coniglio J. G. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe metabolism of [1‐14C]eicosa‐11,14‐dienoic acid was investigated in human testes using whole tissue minces and microsomal preparations. Both types of preparations catalyzed the desaturation of the labeled diene to eicosa‐8,11,14‐trienoic as well as eicosa‐5,11,14‐trienoic acid. The reported results, therefore, indicate that human testicular tissue, as well as rat testicular tissue (reported previously), is capable of utilizing eicosa‐11,14‐dienoic acid as a precursor of arachidonic acid. Since it is known that there is no Δ8 desaturase activity in rat liver and brain, these studies support the concept that there is a tissue variation in this enzymatic pathway.
Fatty acid and sterol specificity of cholesterol esterifying enzyme in developing rat brain
Authors: Johnson Ronald C. , Shah Shantilai N. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe properties and fatty acid and sterol specificity of cholesterol‐esterifying enzyme (EC 3.1.1.13) in rat brain were studied. The enzyme utilized free fatty acid for esterification, and activity was maximal at pH 5.6. Exogenous ATP and CoA did not stimulate the incorporation of free fatty acids into sterol esters. Substrates dispersed in Tween 20 or Triton X‐100 were just as effective as the substrates dissolved in acetone solution, while dispersion in propylene glycol or sodium taurocholate was not as effective. Snake venom phospholipase A2 (EC 3.1.1.4) increased the esterification of cholesterol in the absence of added fatty acid. The fatty acid specificity data indicated that oleic and palmitic acids were the preferred fatty acids. Little or no esterification occurred in the presence of long chain fatty acids (C20–C24). Esterification of cholesterol with palmitate or stearate was not affected by the presence of oleic acid in the mixture. Thus, the nonrequirement of the brain‐esterifying enzyme for a bile acid or for an amphiphile such as an unsaturated fatty acid suggests that micellar solubilization of the substrate is not essential for activity. Although the brain enzyme catalyzed the esterification of desmosterol, cholesterol was the preferred substrate. Neither lanosterol (C29 sterols) nor Δ7‐dehydrocholesterol was esterified to any significant extent. The presence of low concentrations of desmosterol increased cholesterol esterification slightly, while there was a concentration‐dependent inhibition of demosterol esterification by cholesterol. These data on fatty acid and sterol specificity of the esterifying enzyme correlate well with the composition of sterol esters present in developing rat brain.
Serum lipids in suckling and post‐weanling iron‐deficient rats
Authors: Sherman Adria Rothman 
Published: November 2006

AbstractSerum lipids were studied in iron‐deficient and control rats during suckling and after weaning at 21, 30, and 60 days of age. Diets providing 5 or 307 ppm iron were fed to dams and their offspring during gestation, lactation, and after weaning. Rats on the deficient diet throughout the experimental period developed a hyperlipidemia characterized by elevated triglycerides, cholesterol, and phospholipids which was present at 21, 30, and 60 days. Control pups weaned to the deficient diet developed anemia at 30 days of age and hypertriglyceridemia at 60 days of age. Repletion of deficient rats with iron after weaning caused a rapid decline in serum lipid levels after only 9 days on the control diet. The hyperlipidemia of iron deficiency thus appears to be reversible with iron supplementation. The time required to develop hypertriglyceridemia in iron deficiency is longer postweaning than during suckling.
End product specificity of triacylglycerol lipases from intestine, fat body, muscle and haemolymph of the American cockroach,Periplaneta americana L.
Authors: Hoffman Alan G. D. , Downer R. G. H. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe triacylglycerol‐hydrolyzing capacity of tissue homogenates has been investigated for midgut, fat body, thoracic musculature and haemolymph of the American cockroach,Periplaneta americana. The greatest lipolytic activity was demonstrated in midgut homogenates with decreasing levels of activity present in fat body, muscle and haemolymph. Comparison of the lipolytic products resulting from triacylglycerol hydrolysis indicates that midgut homogenates effect the production ofsn‐2‐monoacylglycerols and free fatty acids, whereas the other tissues that were examined favor the accumulation of diacylglycerols. Stereospecific analysis of the diacylglycerol products of triacylglycerol hydrolysis demonstrated that the lipolytic activities of midgut and muscle homogenates result in the production of a racemic mixture of thesn‐1,2‐andsn‐2,3‐enantiomers, but the fat body and haemolymph show a preference for the accumulation of thesn‐1,2‐isomer.
On the membrane phospholipids and their acyl group profiles of adrenal gland
Authors: Sun Grace Y. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe phospholipid composition and their acyl group profiles from subcellular fractions of guinea pig adrenal gland and the same fractions from the cortex and medulla of the bovine gland were compared. The phospholipids of guinea pig adrenal were enriched in diacyl‐glycerophosphocholines (GPC) which comprised over 50% of the total phospholipids, but the proportions of ethanolamine and choline plasmalogens, sphingomyelin and diacyl‐glycerophosphoserine (GPS) were lower in guinea pig adrenals as compared to the bovine adrenals. In the bovine adrenal, sphingomyelin and diacyl‐GPS were enriched in the medulla, whereas diacyl‐glycerophosphoinositol (GPI) were enriched in the cortex. Although lysolecithin was present (up to 4.5%) in the bovine adrenal, only trace amounts of this lipid were detected in the guinea pig adrenal. Characteristic acyl group profiles were found associated with each type of the phosphoglycerides in adrenal membranes. However, acyl group profiles of the phosphoglycerides were not greatly different either between the bovine and guinea pig adrenal or with respect to the type of subcellular membranes isolated. Diacyl‐GPC were enriched in 16∶0 and 18∶1, but also contained considerable amounts of 18∶0, 18∶2 and 20∶4. Diacyl‐GPE were enriched in 18∶0, 18∶1 and 20∶4, while diacyl‐GPI, diacyl‐GPS, as well as alkenylacyl‐GPE, were enriched in 20∶4. The lysolecithin from bovine adrenal membranes contained mainly 16∶0, 18∶0 and 18∶1 with only trace amounts of the polyunsaturated fatty acids. Other polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as 22∶4 and 22∶6, are apparently not prominent in the phosphoglycerides from either the bovine or the guinea pig adrenal gland.
Comparison of lipid composition ofCandida guilliermondii grown on glucose, ethanol and methanol as the sole carbon source
Authors: Jigami Y. , Suzuki O. , Nakasato S. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe carbon and energy source for aerobically grown cultures ofCandida guilliermondii profoundly influenced the neutral lipid content and the fatty acid composition of the individual lipid components. Methanol (0.80%, w/v) grown cells cultivated at 30 C in presence of 0.025% ammonium sulfate contained 12% total lipids, 67% of which was neutral lipids. Glucose (0.74%, w/v) or ethanol (0.53%, w/v) grown cells contained 21–22% total lipids, 80% of which was neutral lipids, under the same conditions. Methanol‐grown cells contained a decreased 18∶1 acid (52–54% of total fatty acids) and an increased 18∶2 acid (23–25%), as compared with glucose‐ or ethanol‐grown cells which contained 57–66% 18∶1 acid and 8–14% 18∶2 acid, in both neutral and polar lipid fractions. The relationship between methanol metabolism and desaturation of fatty acid in yeast was discussed.
Fatty alcohols in capelin, herring and mackerel oils and muscle lipids: I. Fatty alcohol details linking dietary copepod fat with certain fish depot fats
Authors: Ratnayake W. N. , Ackman R. G. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractIt is shown that the shorter chain (C14‐C18) minor fatty alcohols in copepods, fish body lipids, and commercial fish oils are all qualitatively present, and quantitatively similar in proportions to acids found in the depot fats of capelin and mackerel, and in some herring. Although these fatty acids can be formed de novo in fish, copepod alcohols offer an alternative dietary source. Monoethylenic fatty alcohol details, especially for the 22∶1 isomers, are reviewed, and the latter are discussed as precursors of the 22∶1 fatty acids of fish depot fats, specifically of the dominant 22∶1ω 11 isomer.
Incorporation of deuterium‐labeledcis‐ andtrans‐9‐octadecenoic acids in humans: Plasma, erythrocyte, and platelet phospholipids
Authors: Emken E. A. , Rohwedder W. K. , Dutton H. J. , Dejarlais W. J. , Adlof R. O. , Mackin J. F. , Dougherty R. M. , Iacono J. M. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe objective of this study was to follow the uptake and distribution of oleic and elaidic acids into human erythrocytes, platelets, and plasma phospholipids. The use of dual and triple labeling methodology permitted a precise comparison of elaidic and oleic acid utilization. Elaidic acid (EI) was selectively concentrated in all the plasma phospholipids except for lysophosphatidylcholine. Three times more elaidic than oleic acid (Ol) accumulated in the 1‐acyl position of phosphatidylcholine, as determined by hydrolysis with phospholipase A2. Rapid incorporation and removal of elaidate were observed for all samples. These results support the concept that enzymes responsible for acylation of phospholipids are sensitive to double bond configuration and the physical properties of the fatty acid moieties. Labeled fatty acid levels in red cell and platelet phospholipids were much lower than for plasma phospholipids, indicating a relatively slow rate for the in vivo incorporation of fatty acids into blood cell membrane phospholipids. No isotope effect was found when oleic acid labeled with deuterium on the double bond was used.
Autoxidation of methyl esters of cyclopentenyl fatty acids
Authors: Abdel‐Moety E. M. , Lundberg W. O. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe early stages of the autoxidation of methyl hydnocarpate, chaulmoograte and gorlate in air have been examined at 40, 60 and 80 C, and the initial products have been compared by several methods with those derived from methyl oleate and linoleate autoxidized at 60 C. To supplement information about oxygen absorption and peroxide development in relation to time, other information about the early products, and some information about the reduced products, have been obtained by ultraviolet (UV) and infrared (IR) spectrophotometry, and by thin layer chromatography (TLC). The kinetic and other data presented in this study strongly support the conclusion that the methyl esters of cyclopentenyl fatty acids yield initial autoxidation products that, although they are primarily peroxides, differ in some ways (as expected) in the kinetics of their formation and their chemical nature, compared to those of oleate and linoleate. Nevertheless, all the data obtained strongly support the surmise that the peroxides are formed autocatalytically by a chain mechanism, and that secondary products not derived from peroxide decomposition, are formed pari passu in lesser, but increasing amounts with increasing temperature, probably from free radical intermediates. The autoxidation of esters of cyclopentenyl fatty acids has potential importance in several ways, 3 of which are mentioned briefly.
Biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids in the diatomPhaeodactylum tricornutum
Authors: Moreno Victor J. , de Moreno Julia E. A. , Brenner Rodolfo R. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe biosynthesis of fatty acids in the diatomPhaeodactylum tricornutum was studied. The diatom was incubated with sodium [114C] acetate and the acids [1‐14C] palmitic, [1‐14C] stearic, [1‐14C] linoleic and [1‐14C] α‐linolenic. The distribution of radioactivity in the products was determined by gas liquid radiochromatography. The diatom synthesized “de novo” not only saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids, but also linoleic, α‐linolenic and other fatty acids including the highly polyunsaturated 20∶5ω3 and 22∶6ω3. When labeled acetate, stearic, α‐linolenic or even linoleic acid were incubated with the diatom, the polyunsaturated C20 fatty acids synthesized belonged predominantly to the ω 3 family. The existence of Δ9, Δ6, Δ5, Δ4, ω6 and possibly ω3 desaturases inP. tricornutum is suggested.
Effect of marine oil and rapessee oil on composition of fatty acids in lipoprotein triacylglycerols from rat blood plasma and liver perfusate
Authors: Thomassen M. S. , Strøm E. , Christiansen E. N. , Norum K. R. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe fatty acid patterns of triacylglycerols (TG) from very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) in blood plasma and liver‐perfusate from rats fed partially hydrogenated marine oil or rapeseed oil were determined. In the plasma from rats fed rapeseed oil for three days and three weeks, there was a small but significant decrease in the percentage of 22∶1 fatty acid from 17.2 to 11.2% with length of feeding. In liver‐perfusate, the comparable decrease with dietary rapeseed oil was from 18.5 to 5.2%, and with dietary marine oil from 13.4 to 8.0%. In contrast to the liver‐perfusate, the remaining liver had only a very low 22∶1 composition (ca 2%) independent of feeding period or diet. The results indicated that the liver exported the very long chain fatty acids and that an adaptation took place after three days feeding with rapeseed oil or marine oil. This adaptation in the liver could possibly explain why TG accumulation in hearts, which appears after three days' feeding with rapeseed oil or marine oil, disappears after an extended feeding period.
HDL‐cholesterol levels in the multiple risk factor intervention trial (MRFIT) by the MRFIT Research Group
Authors: Hulley Stephen , Ashman Patricia , Kuller Lewis , Lasser Norman , Sherwin Roger 
Published: November 2006

AbstractPreliminary data from the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial (MRFIT) have been examined for evidence that the program has an influence on plasma HDL‐cholesterol. The overall mean level of this lipoprotein in the initial cohort of 1,084 men was not altered by two years of participation in this risk factor reduction project. However, changes did occur, both upwards and downwards, in some individuals. There were significant negative associations between change in HDL‐cholesterol and changes in body mass, VLDL‐cholesterol, LDL‐cholesterol, and serum thiocyanate (a measure of cigarette smoking exposure); and there was a small positive association with change in reported alcohol intake. Multiple regression analysis revealed each of these associations to be independent of the others. The fat‐controlled diet designed to lower total serum cholesterol did not decrease HDL‐cholesterol levels. We conclude that conventional risk reduction programs are not likely to lower circulating HDL‐cholesterol, and that program components such as weight reduction and smoking cessation may increase the levels.
Analysis of 4‐methyloctanoic acid and other medium chain‐length fatty acid constituents of ovine tissue lipids
Authors: Johnson C. B. , Wong E. , Birch E. J. , Purchas R. W. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractMedium chain‐length (C6−C9) fatty acids in depot, intramuscular, kidney, and liver lipids from pasture‐fed sheep and subcutaneous and intramuscular lipids from barley‐fed sheep were analyzed with emphasis on the 4‐methyloctanoic acid (hircinoic acid) content. Within individual animals, the level of hircinoic acid in the subcutaneous fat was usually higher than that either in the deeper depot fats or in the intramuscular fat. Variation of hircinoic acid levels between animals was greatest in the subcutaneous fat and least in the perinephric fat. There were usually higher levels of both branched and odd carbon chain fatty acids in the lipids of barley‐fed sheep than in the corresponding lipids of pasture‐fed sheep.
Absorption of synthetic, stereochemically defined acylglycerols in the rat
Authors: Åkesson B. , Gronowitz S. , Herslof B. , Ohlson R. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe stereochemistry of fat digestion and absorption was investigated in rats with thoracic duct fistulas, after feeding synthetic triacylglycerol or alkyldiacylglycerol. After feeding 1,2‐dilauroyl‐3‐oleoyl‐sn‐glycerol, dilauroyloleoylglycerol and lauroyldioleoylglycerol were the most abundant chyle triacylglycerols. Positional analysis of the fatty acid distribution and the absence of optical activity indicated that the following structures dominated:rac‐1,2‐dilauroyl‐3‐oleoylglycerol andrac‐1,3‐dioleoyl‐2‐lauroylglycerol. Therefore, the triacylglycerol resynthesized from 2‐lauroylglycerol (precursor to 60% of chyle triacylglycerol) and other precursors was essentially racemic. Chyle phospholipids contained largely endogenous fatty acids, and the proportion of lauric acid was very low. A racemic mixture of 1,2‐di[3H] oleoyl‐3‐tetradecyl‐sn‐glycerol and 1‐tetradecyl‐2,3‐di[14C] oleoyl‐sn‐glycerol was absorbed to a lower degree than triacylglycerol. The appearance of oleic acid with different labels in chyle and intestinal lipids did not differ, indicating the absence of stereospecificity in fat digestion. Possible explanations for the low absorption are discussed.
Fiber, hypercholesteremia, and atherosclerosis
Authors: Kritchevsky David , Story Jon A. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractEpidemiological data suggest that populations subsisting on high fiber diets are free of a number of the diseases of Western civilization, among them coronary heart disease. Studies in animals and man show that each type of fiber exerts it own specific influence. Thus, in man bran has no effect on serum lipids, but pectin lowers cholesterol levels. In animals fed atherogenic diets, alfalfa and pectin exert some measure of protection, but cellulose does not. To fully understand the mode of action of dietary fiber, it is necessary to ascertain the mechanism(s) of action of each chemical component of that fiber.
Fatty acid metabolism in L1210 murine leukemia cells: Differences in modification of fatty acids incorporated into various lipids
Authors: Burns C. Patrick , Wei Shiao‐Ping L. , Spector Arthur A. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractL1210 leukemia cells can utilize all of the main fatty acids that normally are present in the ascites fluid in which they grow. This finding is consistent with the view that L1210 cells derive most of their fatty acids from the ascites fluid. From 80–90% of each fatty acid was incorporated into cell lipids without structural modification, suggesting that the lipid composition of these cells can be altered by changing the type of fatty acids to which they are exposed. Most importantly, the palmitate that was subsequently incorporated into total cell phospholipids was elongated and desaturated somewhat more than that incorporated into triglycerides. This difference was due primarily to more extensive modification of the palmitate incorporated into the ethanolamine phosphoglycerides fraction. Although there was no difference between total phospholipids and triglycerides with linoleate, more of the linoleate incorporated into ethanolamine phosphoglycerides was elongated and further desaturated than that incorporated into choline phosphoglycerides and triglycerides. These findings indicate that fatty acids incorporated into various cell lipid fractions are not structurally modified to the same extent. There appears to be greater modification of fatty acid used for ethanolamine phosphoglyceride synthesis as compared with triglyceride and choline phosphoglyceride synthesis.