bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Meiotic and Isozymic Analyses of Tall Fescue × Giant Fescue Hybrids and Amphiploids1
Authors: Eizenga G. C. , Burner D. M. , Buckner R. C. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe meiotic behavior of three tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea, 2n = 6x = 42) genotypes, giant fescue (F. gigantea, 2n = 6x = 42), and their reciprocal F1 hybrids and C1, amphiploids was evaluated to determine the parental genomic relationships. Isozyme banding patterns were used to confirm the parental identity of the hybrids and amphiploids. At meta‐phase I, the parents had predominantly bivalent pairing. The hybrids had an average of 9.51 I, 16.02 II, 0.12 III, 0.02 IV, and the amphiploids had 2.17 I, 38.82 II, 0.60 III, 0.58 IV, 0.01 V—VIII. The prevalence of bivalent pairing in both hybrids and amphiploids suggested a homoeologous relationship between the six genomes, with four of the six being more closely related. Bivalent pairing in the amphiploids indicated genetic regulation of chromosome pairing. Zymograms were obtained for acid phosphatase (ACPH), alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), malate dehydrogenase (MDH), 6‐phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6‐PGD) and phosphoglucoisomerase (PGI). The three tall fescue and giant fescue parents had different zymograms for ACPH, MDH, 6‐PGD and PGI; thus, the tall fescue parents of the hybrids and amphiploids could be determined based on the banding patterns of these four enzymes. Phenotypes were determined for ACPH‐1, PGI‐2 and 6‐PGD‐1. ACPH‐1 may be used to follow the introgression of giant fescue chromatin into a certain tall fescue genotype.
Genetic Control of Abnormal Seedling Development in Phaseolus vulgaris L. and P. vulgaris×P. acutifolius A. Gray Hybrids
Authors: Scott M. E. , Michaels T. E. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractAbnormal hybrid seedling development hinders attempts to introgress diverse germplasm in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) breeding programs. In this study, the hypothesis that DL1 and DL2 loci control abnormal seedling development both in Phaseolus vulgaris L. intraspecific hybrids and in P. vulgaris×P. acutifolius A. Gray interspecific hybrids was tested. Hybrids from crosses between six P. vulgaris lines (two Andean dl1 d1, DL2DL2, two Mesoamerican DL1DL1 dl2 dl2, and two facilitators dl1dl1, dl2dl2) and P. vulgaris cultivar Ex Rico 23 developed normally, indicating that Ex Rico 23 has the facilitator genotype dl1, dl1, dl2dl2. Previous studies have shown that Ex Rico 23 ×P. acutifolius results in abnormal seedlings, but ‘ICA Pijao’, also dl1, dl1 dl2dl2, ×P. acutifolius results in normal seedlings. Neither the Andean nor the Mesoamerican lines crossed successfully with P. acutifolius, but crosses between one of the two facilitators (G3807) and P. acutifolius resulted in normal seedlings. These results support the hypothesis that different loci control intra‐ and interspecific hybrid seedling development.
The Inheritance of Resistance to Septoria Glume Blotch III. The Wild Wheat Species Aegilops Jongissima
Authors: Ecker R. , Cahaner A. , Dinoor A. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe genetics of resistance to Septoria glume blotch (caused by the pathogen Septoria nodorum Berk.) in the wild wheat species Ae. longissima was investigated. The resistance was characterized by two parameters measured on detached leaves — lesion size (LS) and length of latent period (LP), and by disease severity (DS) under field conditions. Generations F1, F2 and F3, derived from a cross between two Ae. longissima accessions, were analyzed. The two parameters measured on detached leaves (LS and LP) were highly correlated, while DS was moderately correlated to both LS and LP. The mean LS and the mean LP of F1 generation indicated considerable dominance for resistance in both parameters. The estimates of broad‐sense and narrow‐sense heritability were moderate for LS and LP (0.21—0.55). Narrow‐sense heritability for DS was high (0.77). Estimates of the number of genes controlling each of the parameters (LS, LP, DS) were between 2.5—3.2. It is suggested that the resistance is controlled by three to four quantitative genes with a partial dominance of the alleles for resistance. Indications for genie interaction were found in LS and in LP. A model of inheritance containing complementation between dominant resistance‐alleles is suggested. Highly resistant Ae. longissima accessions are recommended as sources of germplasm for improving the resistance of cultivated wheats to Septoria glume blotch. The possibility of using dominant alleles for resistance in hybrid cultivars is discussed.
Genotype‐Environment Interactions and Stability Analysis for Herbage and Seed Yields of Forage Peas Under Rainfed Conditions
Authors: Abd‐El Moneim A. M. , Cocks P. S. , Mawlawy B. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractTwenty‐five genotypes of forage peas (Pisum sativum L.) were evaluated under rainfed conditions for two years at four locations in Syria and one in Lebanon. Since local climatic variation is significant, each location in each year was treated as a separate environment, to give ten environments. Genotype‐environment interactions (GXE) were analysed using linear regression techniques.There was considerable variation in herbage and seed yields within both genotypes and environments. Genotype‐environment interactions were present for both herbage and seed yields; a large proportion of these interactions was accounted for by the linear regression. Although the non‐linear component was also significant, its magnitude was smaller than that of the linear component. The highest and most stable herbage yields were obtained from accessions 46/61, 135/175, 3211/323, 99/103 and 88/335. The highest and most stable seed yields were produced by accessions 4/166, 2428/240, 424/242 and 88/335. Accession 88/335 from Germany, F.R. was the only genotype to combine high herbage and seed yields with wide adaptation and stability and could thus be considered the most widely adapted genotype. Other stable genotypes were identified as suitable for poor environments. Yield of the locally collected genotype, though often high, was found to be unstable. The importance of genotype‐environment interactions in future breeding strategies is discussed.
Computer‐Simulated Evaluation of the Hybrid Weakness Gene System as a Means of Preventing Genetic Contamination of Rice Cultivars
Authors: Yonezawa K. , Sato Y. L. , Nomura T. , Morishima H. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractEffectivness of the hybrid‐weakness caused by a complementary interaction of two dominant genes Hwc1 and Hwc2 to suppress the spread of the red‐grain gene into ordinary white‐grained rice cultivars was investigated using the Monte Carlo computer simulation method. It was shown that the weakness genes, as far as being capable of reducing the fitness of the carrier by 80 percent or more, work quite effectively to suppress the genetic contamination of white‐grained cultivars due to inflow of pollen from red‐grained cultivars due to inflow of pollen from red‐grain gene once the gene has been incorporated in to the population in the form of red‐grained progeny produced as a result of the imperfect lethality of the initial hybrid between red‐and white‐grained cultivars. The weakness genes have little or no effect cultivars. The weakness genes have little or no effect either, when the contamination is initiated by an inflow of seeds or seedlings from ed‐grained cultivars in these situations, removal (selection)of red grained plants Is the only countermeasure to exterminate the red‐grain gene. The removal of red grained plants need not be intensive if carried out continuously. The spread of the red‐grain gene after initial contamination is suppressed if the red‐grain gene and weakness genes are linked. The suppressing effect of the linkage, however, is not substantial when the outcrossing rate is around or smaller than 0.01 as can be assumed in most rice cultivars.
The Giemsa C‐Banded Karyotype of Canada Wildrye (Elymus canadensis)
Authors: Park C. H. , Kim N. S. , Walton P. D. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractKaryotype of Canada wildrye (Elymus canadenisis L.) was described using giemsa C‐banding techniques. Most of the chromosomes showed dome banding pattern polymorphism. Small to large terminal and centormere bands were observed in most of the chromosomes. A faint satellite was observed in one chromosome. Tow chromosomes had a large interstitial band near the centromeres in the long arms. The Giemsa C‐banding pattern of E. Canadensis is compared to that of Pseudoroegneria spicata and Critesion boddanii to illustrate species relationship.
Nearly Total Absence of Homoeologous Pairing in a Hybrid between Tetraploid Hordeum chilense and Triticum aestivum
Authors: Pohler W. , Schrader O. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractA hybrid between an induced tetraploid of Hordeum chilense (2n = 28 = HchHchHchHch) and Triticum aestivum var. ‘Chinese Spring’ (2n = 42 = AABBDD) has been produced to test gene effects of this wild barley on homoeologous pairing in wheat. Cytological investigations in metaphase I have shown that the hybrid, which is perennial like H. chilense but morphologically more similar to the wheat parent, possesses the expected genome composition HchHch ABD and a stable euploid chromosome number of 2n = 35. Pairing among the homologous H. chilense chromosomes was almost complete. The level of non‐homologous chromosome association proved to be lower than the range of pairing known from euhaploids of ‘Chinese Spring’.
A New Embryo Rescue Procedure for Interspecific Hybridization
Authors: Mathias Regine , Espinosa Sonsoles , Röbbelen G. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractA new technique is presented that allows to overcome very early embryo abortion after interspecific crosses. Embryogenic sectors of young fertilized ovules are cultivated in vitro on a solid/liquid double layer culture medium containing activated charcoal in the solid phase. Hybrid plans are obtained afer transfer the developed for the interspecific cross Cuphea paucipetala greenwooodii×C. laminuligera; but it is most likely also applicable to other combinations, even in different genera.
Somaclonally Induced Earliness in a Brassica juncea Germplasm Accession
Authors: Katiyar R. K. , Chopra V. L. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractA yellow‐seeded exotic accession of Brassica juncea has shown complete freedom from white rust and powdery mildew and a high degree of resistance to Alternaria black spot under conditions of heavy disease infestation in the field. The germplasm line was, however, too late in flowering and maturity to be useful for either processing directly into a variety or to be involved in a crossing programme for breeding. Somaclonal variation from this accession has provided a highly productive line which retains the resistance to diseases of the parental material.
Continuous Plant Regeneration from Established Embryogenic Cell Suspension Cultures of Italian Ryegrass and Tall Fescue
Authors: Rajoelina Sahondra Radilofe , Alibert Gilbert , Planchon Claude 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe suitability of different protocols was compared for entire plant regeneration by somatic embryogenesis, of the forage plants Lolium multiflorum Lam. (Italian ryegrass) and Festuca arundinacea Schreb. (tall fescue).In the first protocol, miniature embryos were used as starting material, while mature seeds were retained in the other two. Whichever the considered protocol, undifferentiated calli were produced on Murashige and Skoog MS medium supplemented with 2,4‐D. The calli were subcultured in the dark on solid MS agar medium, containing 5 mg/1 2,4‐D (protocol 2) or on solid MS medium followed by transfer to a rotated liquid MS medium with 2 mg/1 2,4‐D (protocol 1). In these conditions, induction of somatic embryogenesis occurred, and whole plants were regenerated during a limited lapse of time, upon transfer in the light, to MS medium supplemented with BAP but devoid of 2,4‐D. The simultaneous elimination of 2,4‐D and transfer to light appeared essential for full regeneration of the plants. Using this characteristic, an additional step was added to a new protocol (protocol 3) in which microcalli, cultured on liquid MS medium containing 5 mg/1 2,4‐D, were transferred to the same medium with 2 mg/1 2,4‐D, in the dark. In these conditions, the suspensions kept their embryogenic potential for months.In all cases, plantlets were successfully transferred into the soil. An evaluation of the somaclonal variation potential of the plants issued from each protocol is now underway.
Die Nutzung der Antherenkulturmethode im Zuchtprozeß von Winterweizen
Authors: Mülier G. , Böhme T. , Borschel H. , Vahl U. , Wiberg A. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractAnther culture in the breeding process of winter wheat. III. Ability of winter wheat F1 populations with the two heterozygous 1AL–IAS/1AL–IRS and 1BL–1BS/1BL–IRS chromosome pairsApplication of anther culture to four F1 hybrids between the IBL–IRS (‘Amigo’) and several 1BL–IRS wheat‐rye translocation forms yielded 129 green pollen plants in an average embryo induction frequency of 17.6 %. A total of 2632 anthers was inoculated. 25 % and 42 % of the regenerated plants were haploid and spontaneously doubled haploid, and 33 % had abnormal chromosomal structure.After chromosome doubling treatment 87% of all pollen plants set seeds. By means of multiple peroxidases and Giemsa C‐banding patterns, the anther culture progeny could be further classified into 16 plants without the short arm of IR‐chromosome of rye, 21 IAL–IRS and 50 1BL–IRS translocation lines and into 16 IAL–IRS, IBL–IRS double translocation lines according to the four possible characteristic types of F2 gametes of the tested F1 hybrids. Advantages of the haploid technique for the selection of desirable traits and the meaning of the IRS genes in wheat are discussed.
The Use of Potato Haploids to Put 2x Wild Species Germplasm into a Usable Form
Authors: Janskv S. H. , Yerk G. L. , Peloquin S. J. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractAn effective method of incorporating germplasm of wild 2x Solanum species into the cultivated potato is through hybridization with haploids of 4x S. tuberosum Group Tuberosum. This procedure provides for the introduction of desirable traits and genetic diversity from wild species into potato. Haploid and wild species genotypes can be evaluated for parental value based on the presence of good tuberization, desirable traits, fertility, and 2n gametes in their hybrid progeny. Haploid‐wild species hybrids may be intercrossed and evaluated at the 2x level to take advantage of diploid genetic ratios. Selected 2x genotypes may then be brought to the 4x level through sexual polyploidization with 2n gametes.
Studies on Low Crossabilities Encountered with the Hordeum bulbosum Method for Haploid Production of Barley, Hordeum vulgare L.
Authors: Devaux P. , Adamski T. , Surma M. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractCrosses were made between four spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars and five F1, hybrids with one genotype of Hordeum bulbosum L. in two locations to investigate further previous low crossabilities which had been found in the barley cultivar ‘Apex’ with H. bulbosum.Data at all the main steps of the H. bulbosum technique were recorded and statistically analyzed. Significant differences between barley genotypes were demonstrated for all characters. It was confirmed that ‘Apex’ has poor crossability with H. bulbosum. Out of the three F1 hybrids having ‘Apex’ as one parent, two exhibited low crossability similarly to ‘Apex’ but one showed significantly higher seed setting than ‘Apex’.The effect of the location was only significant on seed setting, while genotype X location interactions were significant on seed setting, seed quality and rate of haploid plants in relation 10 florets pollinated. Another problem which has influenced the success rate of the H. bulbosum method was found in the cultivar ‘Havilla’. Although seed setting and seed quality were high for this cultivar, embryo differentiation was low. However, this latter problem was found to influence less the overall success rate than poor crossability.Mahalanobis's distances were calculated and the dendrite of the shortest distances between barley genotypes was plotted.
Association of Eyespot Resistance in Wheat cv. ‘Cappelle‐Desprez’ with Endopeptidase Profile
Authors: Koebner R. M. D. , Martin P. K. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractTo test for the association of the eyespot of wheat cv. ‘Cappelle‐Desprez’ with the structural gene encoding the isozyme Ep‐A1, F3, families from the cross ‘Cappelle‐Desprez’ (resistant) X ‘Chinese Spring’ (susceptible) were selected on the basis of endopeptidase phenotype. Analysis of eyespot reaction showed that Ep‐Alb homozygotes were associated with a higher level of resistance than Ep‐Al a homozygotes. Thus selection of the Ep‐Alb allelc should assure concurrent selection of at least a part of the eyespot resistance of ‘Cappelle‐Desprez’.
Variability of the Content of Soluble Non‐Digestible Polysaccharides in Rye Inbred Lines
Authors: Madej L. , Raczynska‐Bojanowska K. , Rybka K. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe content of soluble non‐digestible, non‐starch polysaccharides (SNDP) in grain of about 700 inbred lines of rye varied during three seasons (1985–1987) from 35 to 75 mg/g with the highest frequency between 55 and 75 mg/g. The SNDP level in popular Polish open pollinated cultivars was never below 60 mg/g.The results of reciprocal crosses proved lack of xenia effect on the SNDP content.The level of SNDP compounds was not correlated with either protein or thousand kernel weight.In spite of large environmental effect of SNDP and protein contents the coefficients of variation of these characters in S3 sublines in each environment were below 7 % and the heritability in broad sense amounted up to 0.73 for SNDP and 0.61 for protein. A few lines have been selected with low SNDP content transferred to their progenies. In some of them protein content was as high as 18%; these might be good donors of high nutritive value.
A Selection Index to Cope with Genotype‐Environment Interaction with an Application to Wheat Breeding
Authors: Louw J. H. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe objective of this study was to develop a genetic selection index for the combination of quantitative observations repeated in different environments when there may be genotype‐environment interactions and heterogeneity of the variance. A distinction is made between the index for local ranking of strains for each environment on its own and the index for a joint ranking which predicts mean genotypic value averaged over all environments. The resulting index was applied to field trial observations on the yield of wheat at two locations, involving 276 newly developed strains in six trial groups of equal size, in order to study the efficiency of the index and the sampling variance of index weights. The index for local ranking of strains was found to be consistently more efficient than ranking without the index, though only marginally so in trials with low coefficients of error variation. Limitations on general use of the index, as related to trial size and the standard errors of index weights, are discussed.
Applications of Genie Male Sterility in Plant Breeding
Authors: Rao M. Krishna , Devi K. Uma , Arundhati A. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe possible applications of genie male sterility (GMS) in plant breeding arc reviewed and discussed. The basic contribution of GMS is that it provides a means of genetic emasculation which can be applied for the massive production of hybrids. There are two main fields of application: (1) the production of hybrid varieties and (2) inter‐ and intraspecific hybridization and back‐crossing programmes for the introduction of genetic variation into crop varieties. Several schemes have been proposed for using GMS in hybrid breeding in different crops. These are discussed under four headings: genetic methods, cy‐togenetic methods, temporary restoration of fertility and manual pollination. The application of GMS in hybridization intended for the introduction of alien genes is discussed as well as factors affecting the pollination of genie male steriles.
Methods of Visually Rating Maturity in Tetraploid Dactylis L.
Authors: Van Santen Edzard , Casler M. D. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractPlant maturity descriptors are important for many forage breeding decisions and in forage production research. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of genotypes, maturity rating scale, maturity rating unit, and observer on visual evaluations of maturity in Dactylis glomerata. Tetraploid clonal material was planted at three locations in Wisconsin in August of 1986. All plants were rated for maturity in early June 1987; locations were rated within 3 days of each other. For most family‐location combinations, parents were more advanced in maturity than offspring family means. Family maturity could not be predicted from mean parent maturity scores. Genotype × location was the only significant interaction. On the average, the single digit rating scale led to an earlier assigned maturity value than the two‐digit scale. The discrepancy between the rating scales was dependent on location. High phenotypic correlations between rating units and between rating scales suggested that ratings can be done on a whole‐plant basis using either scale. However, if maturity is used as a covariate for another trait, a two‐digit scale is preferred.
Investigations on the Anther Culturability of Four German Spring Wheat Cultivars and the Influence of Light on Regeneration of Green vs. Albino Plants
Authors: Ziegler G. , Dressler K. , Hess D. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractIn anther culture experiments with four German spring wheat cultivars (‘Turbo’, ‘Kadett’, ‘Planet’ and ‘Nandu’), ‘Nandu’ showed the best results. The rate of responding anthers with ‘Nandu’ was 0.8 % on medium N6 and 3.7% on potato‐2. This was similar to the Chinese cultivar ‘Orofen’. Higher yields of embryoids could be obtained with medium potato‐2 than with N6.Experiments with medium potato‐2 showed that anther response, production of embryos and regeneration increased with decreasing agarose concentration.Regeneration of green plantlets was improved by differentiation in the dark whereas differentiation under light yielded more than 90 % albino plants.
Effect of Lr34 Resistance on Leaf Rust Development, Grain Yield and Baking Quality in Wheat
Authors: Drijepondt S. C. , Pretorius Z. A. , van Lill D. , Rijkenberg F. H. J. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe protection provided by the leaf rust resistance gene Lr34 against Puccinia recondita f. sp. tritici was studied in the field over two seasons. In leaf‐rust inoculated and fungicide‐sprayed control plots, yield of RL6058, the ‘Thatcher’ backcross line with Lr34, was compared to that of the susceptible cultivar ‘Thatcher’. Leaf rust severity remained low on RL6058 in both seasons, but was high on ‘Thatcher’. The latent period of wheat leaf rust isolate 3SA132 in flag leaves of RL6058 was 256 h longer than in ‘Thatcher’. The uredinium density on ‘Thatcher’ was 14.4/cm2, compared to 3.7/cm2 flag leaf surface on RL6058. Leaf rust infection of ‘Thatcher’ reduced the total grain yield per plot by 25.4% and 1,000 kernel mass by 15.6%. Leaf rust caused little or no damage on RL6058 and rusted plots outyielded the control plots by 0.3 %. Seed weight of RL6058 was reduced by 0.7%. Compared to previous greenhouse studies, the adult‐plant resistance conferred by Lr34 is more clearly expressed in the field. Evaluation of milling and baking quality characteristics revealed that compared to ‘Thatcher’, RL6058 had a higher flour protein content, but that its milling, dough development and baking properties were inferior.