bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cognitive‐Behavioral self‐help for chronic pain
Authors: Buenaver Luis F. , McGuire Lynanne , Haythornthwaite Jennifer A. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractCognitive behavioral self‐help is a potentially cost‐saving method of delivering evidence‐based treatment to a wide range of chronic pain patients. This article provides a rationale for self‐help and focuses on the effectiveness of self‐help in the management of chronic pain, which typically includes some degree of lay leader or professional facilitation. The evidence for these treatments is generally positive (e.g., reductions in pain and pain‐related disability) across such illnesses as arthritis, back pain, headache, and temporomandibular joint disorders. When implementing self‐help, professionals need to consider individual differences in suitability for using a self‐management treatment and evaluate the outcome in the context of a stepped care approach. This article uses three case examples to illustrate the use of cognitive behavioral self‐help delivered in the care of scleroderma patients. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol: In Session 62: 1389–1396, 2006.
Integrative behavioral couple therapy for chronic pain: Promoting behavior change and emotional acceptance
Authors: Cano Annmarie , Leonard Michelle 
Published: August 2006

AbstractCouple therapy has been used with success in treating marital distress, psychological distress, and other problems. Researchers in the pain field have also shown that the inclusion of the spouse in pain treatment may be beneficial to the patient. In this article, we present integrative behavioral couple therapy (IBCT) as one option for therapists treating patients who have pain and marital distress. IBCT improves on traditional behavior therapy because it promotes processes that have been shown to be lacking in pain patients' relationships: emotional acceptance and empathy. After reviewing the use of behavior change and emotional acceptance strategies in couples, we describe a couple for whom IBCT improved functioning. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol: In Session 62: 1409–1418, 2006.
Complementary and alternative medicine approaches to pain management
Authors: Tan Gabriel , Alvarez Julie A. , Jensen Mark P. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThis article argues for and illustrates incorporating complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) interventions into pain treatment plans. Two CAM treatments, cranial electrotherapy stimulation (CES) and self‐hypnosis training, are offered in a multidisciplinary pain treatment program. Because these interventions focus on pain relief, they may be of particular interest to patients who have chronic pain who begin treatment with a primary interest in pain reduction. Two cases that illustrate the clinical application of CES and self‐hypnosis are presented. When effective, these interventions can help patients have greater confidence in treatments offered by psychologists for pain management and may help make them more open to participating in other psychological interventions that have established efficacy for pain management (e.g., cognitive‐behavioral therapy). Because of their brevity, these treatments also can be offered alone to patients who may not have the resources or time to participate in more time‐intensive treatment. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol: In Session 62: 1419–1431, 2006.
Relative sea‐level observations in western Scotland since the Last Glacial Maximum for testing models of glacial isostatic land movements and ice‐sheet reconstructions
Authors: Shennan Ian , Hamilton Sarah , Hillier Caroline , Hunter Amanda , Woodall Ruth , Bradley Sarah , Milne Glenn , Brooks Anthony , Bassett Sophie 
Published: August 2006

AbstractObservations of relative sea‐level change and local deglaciation in western Scotland provide critical constraints for modelling glacio‐isostatic rebound in northern Britain over the last 18 000 years. The longest records come from Skye, Arisaig and Knapdale with a shorter, Holocene, record from Kintail. Biostratigraphic (diatom, pollen, dinoflagellate, foraminifera and thecamoebian), lithological and radiocarbon analyses provide age and elevation parameters for each sea‐level index point. All four sites reveal relative sea‐level change that is highly non‐monotonic in time as the local vertical component of glacio‐isostatic rebound and eustasy (or global meltwater influx) dominate at different periods. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Latent polyphenol oxidase from quince fruit pulp (Cydonia oblonga): purification, activation and some properties
Authors: Orenes‐Piñero Esteban , García‐Carmona Francisco , Sánchez‐Ferrer Alvaro 
Published: August 2006

AbstractQuince fruit polyphenol oxidase (PPO) was partially purified using a combination of phase partitioning in Triton X‐114 and PEG 8000/phosphate with a final ammonium sulfate fractionation between 30% and 75%, to avoid the deep browning of the enzyme due to the high amount of oxidizing substances present in the quince pulp. The clean and stable enzyme was partially purified in a latent form and could be optimally activated by the presence of 0.5 g dm−3 sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) with an optimum pH of 5.0. In the absence of SDS, the enzyme showed maximum activity at acid pH. The apparent kinetic parameters of the latent enzyme were determined at pH 5.0, the Vm value being 15 times higher in the presence of SDS than in its absence, whereas the KM was the same in both cases, with a value of 1.2 mmol L−1. The effect of several inhibitors was studied, tropolone being the most active with a Ki value of 4.7 µmol L−1. In addition, the effect of cyclodextrins was studied, and the complexation constant (Kc) between 4‐tert‐butylcatechol and cyclodextrins was calculated using an enzymatic method. The value obtained for Kc was 15 310 mol L−1. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
3D Nanometer‐Scale Study of Coexisting Bicontinuous Morphologies in a Block Copolymer/Homopolymer Blend
Authors: Jinnai Hiroshi , Hasegawa Hirokazu , Nishikawa Yukihiro , Sevink G. J. Agur , Braunfeld Michael B. , Agard David A. , Spontak Richard J. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractSummary:Coexisting bicontinuous morphologies, one ordered and one disordered, are investigated in a macrophase‐separated poly(styrene‐block‐isoprene) diblock copolymer/homopolystyrene (SI/hS) blend. Two‐phase behavior is attributed to the relatively high hS/S mass ratio (0.92). According to its crystallographic signature and channel coordination as discerned from three‐dimensional (3D) images generated by transmission electron microtomography (TEMT), the ordered morphology is classified as gyroid. The 3D local and global topological characteristics of both bicontinuous morphologies as measured directly from TEMT images are reported. The disordered morphology is further compared with molecular‐field simulations to ascertain the spatial distribution of the constituent species within the blend, thereby demonstrating the utility of high‐resolution 3D imaging coupled with molecular‐level simulations.magnified image
Palaeopathological and palaeogenetic study of 13 cases of developmental dysplasia of the hip with dislocation in a historical population from southern France
Authors: Mafart B. , Kéfi R. , Béraud‐Colomb E. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractDislocation of the hip can be consecutive to developmental dysplasia of the hip that is linked to a complex set of genetic and mechanical factors. The purpose of this report is to describe 13 cases of complete dysplastic hip dislocation observed in the skeletal remains of nine women exhumed from an historical gravesite dating from the 5th to 17th centuries in southern France. Despite the size of this palaeopathological series, which is the largest study published to date, findings indicate that the prevalence of hip dislocation in this historical sample was still lower than in some French areas at the beginning of the 20th century. Mitochondrial DNA sequencing demonstrated possible kinship only between two women, i.e. one who died in the period from the 11th to 13th centuries and another who died in the period from the 16th to 17th centuries. It is suggested that the tight swaddling of young infants in France up to the end of the 19th century could have been a predisposing factor for this highly debilitating disorder. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Die Geschichte der β‐Lactam‐Antibiotika: Zwischen Zufall und gezielter Entwicklung
Authors: Friedrich Christoph 
Published: August 2006

AbstractAm Anfang der Geschichte der β‐Lactam‐Antibiotika steht die zufällige Entdeckung des schottischen Arztes und Bakteriologen Alexander Fleming (1881–1955). Fleming beobachtete 1928 auf einer Agar‐Platte mit Staphylococcus aureus im Umkreis einer Schimmelpilzkolonie Auflösungserscheinungen. Er schlussfolgerte, dass der Schimmelpilz einen Stoff enthält, der das Wachstum von Bakterien hemmt, isolierte den Schimmelpilz und gab dem Kulturfiltrat 1929 den Namen “Penicillium”. Obwohl seine Entdeckung zunächst wenig Resonanz fand, beschäftigten sich Harold Raistrick (1890–1971) seit 1932 und nach 1938 der so genannte “Oxford‐Kreis” unter Leitung von Howard Walter Florey (1898–1968) und Ernst Boris Chain (1906–1979) mit der großtechnischen Herstellung des Penicillins. 1941 konnte der erste Patient behandelt werden. Mit Hilfe der Röntgenstrukturanalyse wurde 1945 die β‐Lactam‐Struktur nachgewiesen, und 1957 gelang die erste Synthese eines oral applizierbaren β‐Lactam‐Antibiotikums. Trotz der von den Amerikanern verhängten Nachrichtensperre über das Penicillin entwickelte sich auch in Deutschland, vor allem bei Hoechst und in Jena eine Penicillinforschung, wobei noch vor 1945 Penicillin in geringen Mengen produziert wurde. Nach dem II. Weltkrieg knüpfte man in Jena und bei Hoechst an diese Erfolge an. Aber erst in den 1950er Jahren wurde eine ausreichende Versorgung der Bevölkerung mit Penicillin möglich. In den 1950er Jahren konnten weitere Penicillinderivate hergestellt werden, unter denen sich auch Depotpräparate befanden.Eng verwandt mit den Penicillinen sind die Cephalosporine; 1953 gelang die Isolierung des ersten Cephalosporins. Die Strukturaufklärung erfolgte 1961, ein Jahr später wurde auch die technische Darstellung der 7‐Amino‐Cephalosporansäure möglich.
Kleine Änderung, große Wirkung – ein neues Vancomycin‐Derivat gegen MRSA
Authors: Holzgrabe Ulrike , Bennack Edith 
Published: August 2006

AbstractBakterien wehren sich gegen Antibiotika, indem sie entweder den Zielort für das Antibiotikum durch Mutation in der Aminosäurestruktur strukturell verändern, den Zugang in die Bakterienzelle für das Antibiotikum versperren oder gar das Antibiotikum chemisch vernichten.
Implementation of IDEA: Integrating response to intervention and cognitive assessment methods
Authors: Hale James B. , Kaufman Alan , Naglieri Jack A. , Kavale Kenneth A. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act (IDEA) was reauthorized by the U.S. Congress in 2004, yet ongoing regulatory efforts are required to determine its operationalization and implementation. Of particular concern to school psychologists and others involved in the educational process are the guidelines for identification of children with specific learning disabilities (SLD). Two seemingly opposite camps have been arguing for either a response‐to‐intervention (RTI) approach for SLD identification or a methodology that includes comprehensive evaluations for SLD identification and intervention purposes. In this article, the authors propose a resolution to these critical issues by emphasizing a multitiered approach to serving children with learning problems—one that begins with RTI, but then provides for comprehensive evaluation of cognitive processes if RTI methods are not successful in ameliorating the child's learning difficulties. If a child fails to respond to intervention and demonstrates a deficit in the basic psychological processes following comprehensive evaluation, both the definitional criteria for SLD and the method for determining SLD eligibility will be addressed. This methodology incorporates the best aspects of both the RTI and comprehensive evaluation perspectives to forge a balanced practice model that ensures diagnostic accuracy and optimizes educational outcomes for children with SLD. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 43: 753–770, 2006.
Survey of microarray technologies suitable to elucidate transcriptional networks as exemplified by studying KRAB zinc finger gene families
Authors: Koczan Dirk , Thiesen Hans‐Juergen 
Published: August 2006

AbstractCurrent microarray systems are suitable to monitor genome‐wide expression patterns, to detect single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP), to identify target genes of transcription factors and DNA‐protein interaction sites thereof as well as to determine genomic sites that are modified by methylation of CpG islands. In this review, advantages and limitations of individual microarray technologies are presented as well as experiences from ongoing studies on KRAB zinc finger gene families are taken to exemplify how different microarray approaches are applicable to elucidate complex transcriptional networks of gene regulation. However, bioinformaticians should be aware that each microarray technology has limitations in its sensitivity and selectivity that has to be taken into account once data mining on comprehensive genome‐wide microarray data is conducted. In many cases, microarray results are the initial step to identify target genes of interest and to study the molecular regulation of biological processes thereof followed and validated by complementary proteome, metabolome or toponome analysis. Thus, microarray technologies can be considered a reliable approach for determining gene functions that might be modulated by electromagnetic fields.
On the stability of non‐conventional π‐complexes between Ni+and toluene, phenyl‐silane and phenyl‐germane
Authors: Corral Inés , Mó Otilia , Yáñez Manuel 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe complexes between Ni+and toluene, phenylsilane, and phenylgermane were investigated through the use of high‐level density functional theory (DFT) methods. Both harmonic vibrational frequencies and optimized geometries were obtained at the B3LYP/6‐311G(d,p) and B3LYP/6‐311+G(2df,2p) levels of theory. These results show that at the highest level considered in this work, and in contrast with what was found before for Cu+, the complexes in which Ni+interacts specifically with only one pair of carbon atoms of the aromatic ring collapse to theconventional π‐complexes. However, similarly to Cu+, non‐conventional complex in which the metal ion interacts with theorthocarbon of the aromatic ring and with one of the hydrogen atoms of the XH3(X = Si, Ge) substituent group, through a typical agostic‐type interaction are very stable. Nevertheless, whereas for Cu+these agostic‐type complexes are not only the global minima of the potential energy surface but the dominant species in the gas phase, for Ni+they are slightly less stable than the conventional π‐complexes. Agostic‐type complexes exhibit infrared spectra that are markedly different from those of the conventional π‐complexes, and therefore they could be easily identified using this spectroscopic technique. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The regiochemistry of the NO3‐promoted gas phase nitration of toluene and phenol with NO2
Authors: Bolzacchini Ezio , Bruschi Maurizio , Galliani Guido , Hjorth Jens , Orlandi Marco , Rindone Bruno 
Published: August 2006

AbstractProduct studies, kinetic isotope effect measurements, linear free energy relationships and calculations have been used to study the NO3‐promoted nitration of toluene and phenol in presence of NO2. The competition between of a rate‐determining hydrogen abstraction of NO3to give the benzyl radical and HNO3and of a rate‐determining addition‐elimination pathway has been evaluated. The preference for the nitration inorthoandparaposition of toluene and for theorthoposition of phenol is suggested to derive from the concerted loss of nitric acid from an intermediate cyclohexadiene.A kinetic analysis suggests reasons for the dependence of the ratioortho:para‐nitration from the initial concentration of reactants. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development pathways in learning to be a physiotherapist
Authors: Lindquist Ingrid , Engardt Margareta , Garnham Liz , Poland Fiona , Richardson Barbara 
Published: August 2006

AbstractBackground and Purpose. Few studies have examined the experiences of students' professional socialization in physiotherapy. This international longitudinal study aimed to study experiences of situated learning and change in a student cohort during a physiotherapy education programme. Method. A phenomenographic design with semi‐structured interviews was carried out with a cohort of physiotherapy students from two sites, strategically selected for variation in gender, age, educational background, work experience and academic level. Interviews were carried out after each of the first five semesters in the programme by a team of researchers. Seventy‐six interviews explored students' learning experiences. Analysis identified the variation in experiences seen as important to becoming a physiotherapist. Results. Distinct perceptions of professional growth and progression are identified in four pathways of development: ‘Reflecting on Practice’; ‘Communicating with Others’; ‘Performing Skills’; and ‘Searching Evidence’. These pathways demonstrate qualitative differences in the focus of learning experiences and preferred learning context, and include learning in a context which supports reflection, learning as agreed by others in a context with patients and other professionals, learning physiotherapy skills in a practice context and learning formal knowledge in a context where theory can be linked with practice. Conclusions. In a cohort of students professional growth can be seen in a variety of development pathways. Each shows progress of professional growth in the ‘what’ as changes in experiences and the ‘how’ as ways of learning from them. In addition, the pattern of pathways in a cohort may change from one semester to another suggesting individuals may adopt different learning pathways throughout their education. Teaching staff are challenged to consider how they recognize a variation in development pathways in their student cohorts and how they purposefully ensure experiences to guide students through different learning pathways in socialization to become a physiotherapist. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Changes in gait and symptoms after bilateral pallidotomy: a client with Parkinson's disease
Authors: Turnbull George I 
Published: August 2006

AbstractA single‐subject, time‐series design was used to describe a female with young‐onset Parkinson's disease who, after a period of 15 years, was demonstrating long term side effects of medication in addition to the progression of Parkinson's disease. She underwent a bilateral pallidotomy to address these problems. Prior to her surgery, her spatiotemporal gait kinematics were measured at intervals before and after medication ingestion. The identical procedures were undertaken one month and at four months post‐pallidotomy. In all three sessions, the Webster Scale scored her symptoms while her medication was not working (Off) and again when effective (On). After surgery, she was interviewed to obtain a qualitative impression of the outcome. Before the surgery, the gait parameters demonstrated a fluctuating profile. Forty‐five minutes post‐medication, her gait parameters approached normal levels but significant dyskinetic movements were evident. Her Webster Scale scores indicated advanced Parkinson's disease particularly when Off. One‐month post‐pallidotomy, her gait parameters were more consistent with dyskinesias mildly present. Her Webster Scale scores were reduced while both Off and On. Four months post‐pallidotomy her gait parameters were entirely consistent and within normal limits. Her Webster Scale scores were the same Off and On and no dyskinesias were detectable. The excellent result was probably enhanced by the patient's dedication to regular exercise designed to minimize secondary physical complications. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Longitudinal investigation of low back pain in Australian adolescents: a five‐year study
Authors: Grimmer Karen , Nyland Leah , Milanese Steve 
Published: August 2006

AbstractBackground and Purpose. Adolescent spinal pain is a worldwide concern, with few longitudinal studies to validate concerns that an increasing number of adolescents report pain with age. The aim of the present study was to track reports of low back pain (LBP) in adolescents each year over a five‐year period (between the ages of 13 and 17 years). Method. A longitudinal, observational, repeated‐measures study, commencing in 1999. We followed a group of South Australian students throughout five years of high schooling, reporting on prevalence of recent low back pain each year. Results. In 1999, data were collected from 434 13‐year‐olds (82.5% eligible students). In the subsequent four years, the response rate from the 1999 sample was, respectively, 72.2%, 69.1%, 56.2% and 40.1%. A significant increasing prevalence of recent LBP was reported for girls and boys. The odds of girls reporting recent LBP in the final study year (fifth year) compared with the first year was 4.4 (95% CI 1.9–10.1), for boys 1.6 (95% CI 0.7–3.7). New cases of girls' recent LBP decreased consistently over the study (90% in 2000, 46.1% in 2001, 42.1% in 2002 and 33% in 2003). New boys' cases decreased in the second and third study years (85% in 2000, 45% in 2001) then increased (45.8% in 2002, 63.6% in 2003), suggesting less established patterns of occurrence. Conclusions. New cases of LBP reflected a decreasing percentage of total LBP reports over each study year for girls (suggesting increasing consistency of LBP occurrence with age). A different pattern was observed for boys, with a reversal of the downward trend after age 15 years, showing an increased percentage of LBP reports that reflected new cases in the final two study years. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Manipulating luminescence in semiconductor nanostructures via field‐effect‐tuneable potentials
Authors: Kotthaus Jörg P. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe luminescence properties of III–V quantum wells under the influence of field‐effect‐tuneable and laterally modulated potentials are reviewed. Large electric fields generated in the quantum well plane cause a modulation of the quantum well absorption via the Franz–Keldysh effect as well as a reversible separation of optically excited electron–hole pairs. The electron–hole pair separation by field effect can prolong the recombination lifetimes by many orders of magnitude and yields a controllably delayed reemission of luminescence radiation. Dynamic in‐plane electric fields caused by the propagation of surface acoustic waves on piezoelectric heterostructures make possible spatially and temporarily delayed luminescence whereas a two‐dimensional modulation of the electrostatic potential enables the delayed storage of optical images. Spatial modulation of the quantum confined Stark effect via the out‐of‐plane electric field is employed to realize tuneable excitonic traps and to study macroscopic transport of long‐living, spatially indirect excitons in suitably designed double quantum wells. This is possibly paving the way for the observation of excitonic Bose–Einstein condensation in quantum well structures. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)