bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fabrication of master‐slice LSIs using electron‐beam direct writing and photolithography
Authors: Kawashiro Sanji , Suzuki Shin‐Ichi , Suemitsu Takashi , Niriki Takashi 
Published: July 2007

AbstractAs progress in LSI technology has expanded LSI application fields, it has become important to decrease the developmental turn‐around time and cost. One means of achieving this is to employ the masterslice LSI approach. This paper describes a master‐slice LSI fabrication method which uses both electron‐beam direct waiting and conventional photolithography to decrease the SLI development time. In this method, the common portion of a master‐slice LSI is prepared with photolithography. Then custom design of the LSI is done with electron‐beam direct writing. Alignment of patterns formed by electron‐beam direct writing and photolithography is investigated to show that the overlay error in 4‐μm design rules can be made negligibly small without compensation for the wafer expansion/contraction occurring during processing. Al‐gate CMOS LSIs fabricated by this method have shown higher yield and better performance than similar LSIs fabricated wholly by photolithography.
Analysis of parasitic resistance effects in MOS LSI
Authors: Anami Kenji , Yoshimoto Masahiko , Shinohara Hirofumi , Tomisawa Osamu , Nakano Takao 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis paper describes simplified analysis of the effects of transistor source and drain parasitic resistances and interconnect resistance in MOS LSI's, and their application to the circuit designs for MOS LSI circuits and mask patterns. Heretofore the analysis of parasitic resistance effects has been complex and could only be calculated numerically with circuit analysis programs. However, in this paper, a simple expression is given for the effect of the source and drain parasitic resistances by using a linear approximation to the MOS transistor drain i‐v characteristics. Furthermore, the delays caused by interconnection resistance are analyzed under assumptions that are actually obtained in practical LSI's. the rules for optimum design of the crossunders used frequently in LSI's are obtained using the result. Finally, experimental results from MOS transistors which agreed well with the source and drain parasitic resistance effect analysis. A ring oscillator experiment which also resulted in good agreement with the interconnect resistance delay analysis shows the applicability of both analysis methods.
Decentralized adaptive control of large‐scale systems—a parameter adaption method
Authors: Yoshikawa Tetsuto , Ikeda Masao 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA way of controlling large‐scale systems that have unknown parameters is a decentralized version of the model reference adaptive control. the idea is to construct adaptive controllers for each subsystem so that the overall system becomes an adaptive control system. the strategy does not always work successfully, however, because the information structure for control is decentralized. This paper aims to provide conditions under which we can construct such decentralized adaptive control systems. We first clarify the constraints to which the given system must conform whichever scheme of adaptive control we employ at the subsystem level, and present conditions which must be satisfied between the given system and the reference model. Then we consider adaptive control laws of the parameter adaption type and give classes of reference models with which they can be implemented.
Vector labelling method in fixed points algorithm and array processors
Authors: Oishi Shin'Ichi , Takase Tadaaki , Yamamura Kiyotaka 
Published: July 2007

AbstractStudies of fixed point algorithms have advanced greatly in the last decade. These algorithms have been developed to construct globally fixed points of finite‐dimensional continuous maps, to which existence of fixed points is guaranteed by, for instance, Brouwer's fixed point theorem. However, it is pointed out that these algorithms become progressively slower with increasing dimension. In this paper it is shown that the vector labelling algorithm, one of the typical fixed point algorithms, can be performed efficiently in parallel on a suitable array processor system. Under certain conditions, the time complexity of the vector labelling algorithm is determined by pivot operations. It is shown that high parallel efficiency about 0.9 is attained by executing these pivot operations on our array processor. to further speed up the algorithm, a method is also shown for evading matrix inversion formerly needed at the beginning of the vector labelling algorithm.
Transmission characteristics of image fiber
Authors: Hosono Toshio 
Published: July 2007

AbstractTransmission characteristics of a long image fiber with square of hexagonal periodic multifiber structure have been analyzed. the diffusion process of a light beam incident on a center fiber into the surrounding fibers has been clarified. Finally, a formula has been derived for dependence of the cross‐talk on the core diameter, the core refractive index, and the distance between the cores.
Solvability of model following problem with internal stability
Authors: Yasuda Tutaka 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis paper presents necessary and sufficient conditions for a compensator to be designed so that the transfer function matrix of the closed‐loop system obtained by adding the compensator to a plant, agrees with that of the given model and so that the closedloop system (the model following system) becomes stable. Also, a method is shown of constructing a stable model following system without going through trial and error. the existing method [5] constructs an internally stable model following system first by constructing a model following system without considering the internal stability, and then by testing whether or not from that, an internally stable model following system can be constructed. Hence, in this method all the model following systems must be constructed, which, at present, is very difficult. the results of this paper permit one to test whether or not an internally stable model following system can be constructed directly from given system parameters. Thus it is better than the existing method [5].
New decoding algorithm for a class of simple iterated codes–its application to decoding algorithm for reed‐muller codes
Authors: Tokiwa Kinichiroh , Kasahara Nasao , Namekawa Toshihiko 
Published: July 2007

AbstractRecently, for the improvement of reliability of digital communication systems, various kinds of error‐correcting codes are being used. to improve system reliability through the use of more capable error‐correcting codes it is extremely important to simplify the decoder construction and to reduce the decoding delay. This paper studies a decoding algorithm for a class of simple iterated codes (SI codes) constructed by simply repeating I times a codeword (called block) in a given code (called subcode). Moreover, this paper discusses the decoding delay when this decoding algorithm is applied to decoding the Reed‐Muller codes constructed by the superimposing method.
Analysis of monopole antenna with ground wires
Authors: Taguchi Mitsuo , Egashira Shigeru , Egashira Ryoichi 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA monopole antenna with ground wires excited at the terminal between the vertical and several ground wires is analyzed by varying the length of the vertical element, the lengths and numbers of ground wires and their angles of inclination. the characteristics of the structure are analyzed for an antenna with a quarter‐wavelength monopole element on a perfectly conducting ground plane. In the numerical analysis the effect of the feeder is neglected and a Hallen‐type integral equation with a simplified kernel is used. In the experiment the center conductor of the coaxial feeder is connected to the monopole and the outer conductor is connected to the ground wires. the effect of a sperrtopf, which prevents leakage current from flowing on the outer conductor, is studied. From the analytical results it is found that the gain of the monopole antenna with ground wires does not exceed that of a half‐wave dipole even if the length of the monopole is made about a quarter wavelength and the ground wires are directed 60° downward. When the antenna is on a perfect ground plane, the directivity strongly depends on the distance between the feed and the conducting plane and becomes maximum when the distance is about 0.3 wavelength. When the ground wires are 0.2 wavelength long and the angle of inclination is 300 the antenna is matched with a 50‐Ω feed line and the gain becomes 4 dB.
Mechanism of humidity‐sensitive switching in electroformed silver thin films
Authors: Tanaka Koji 
Published: July 2007

AbstractElectroformed silver thin films exhibit reversible switching in wet air at atmospheric pressure. It was proved that the switching is due to the breakdown and the immediate restoration of conductive silver filaments. the mechanism of the restoration of conductive filaments is a dendritic silver growth through electrochemical reactions. Adsorbed water onto the surface of the thin films is essential in the process of the restoration of the conductive filaments, i.e., in the mechanism of the reversible switching. Mechanisms of the conduction at the ON and the OFF states and the breakdown of the conductive filaments also are discussed.
High‐accuracy MOS A/D converter with inherent self‐compensation
Authors: Tsukada Toshiro , Takagi Katsuaki , Nagata Minoru , Kita Yuzo 
Published: July 2007

AbstractConsiderable effort has recently been devoted to the development of monolithic, integrated‐circuit (IC) analog‐to‐digital (A/D) converters. However, the accuracy of successive‐approximation A/D converters has been limited to 10 bits due to the linewidth variations in the state‐of‐the‐art IC processing. Higher accuracies up to 12 bits have been realized only by trimming passive elements. In this paper, an A/D converter with an inherent (on‐chip) “self‐compensation” circuit is proposed which enables high‐accuracy analog‐to‐digital conversion without trimming. the principle and circuit construction of the new A/D converter are described. Fabrication and characterization of an experimental device are also discussed.The circuit described is a successive‐approximation MOS A/D converter, in which the input charge stored on a capacitor array is redistributed over the capacitors. the errors in the capacitances are evaluated prior to the conversion step using the array itself as a reference. the correction charge is generated automatically during the redistribution step, referring to the correction data. Charge correction is done simply by applying an appropriate voltage to a correction capacitor which is added to the array. This simple circuit is easy to build using a monolithic IC technology. A 3 μm CMOS IC technology was used to fabricate experimental circuits to build a 14‐bit A/D converter. Performance evaluation of the circuits demonstrates that the method proposed here has reduced the linearity error by 3 bits from 8 LSBs to 1 LSB.
Degradation characteristics of connector contact systems with gold/tin and gold/silver interfaces
Authors: Ando Yasuhiro , Kanai Tsuneo , Sakai Yoshikazu 
Published: July 2007

AbstractEnvironmental test results are presented for connector contacts with dissimilar metal interfaces where gold‐plated contacts are matched with silver‐ or tin‐plated contacts. Tested card edge connectors were exposed in 20‐ppm SO2 atmosphere with three humidity levels and in three field sites during 4.5 years. the results demonstrate that dissimilar metal contact systems show remarkable increase in contact resistance rather than similar base metal contact systems. Particularly, high humidity exposures will cause degradation of such dissimilar systems. the degradation is induced by the galvanic corrosion of wear debris: connector engagement cycles produce the wear debris of substrate metals under the plating. Even in a contact of such similar metals as gold plating, one factor in the degradation is the galvanic corrosion by the wear debris of substrate metals.
Improvement of efficiency of N2 laser‐pumped infrared dye lasers through energy transfer excitation
Authors: Muto Shinzo , Nagashima Humihiko , Nakamura Kazuhiro , Ito Chiaki , Inaba Humio 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe N2 laser‐pumped dye laser is an important coherent light source used very widely in research applications of optical properties of various objects. However, it is difficult to obtain highly efficient laser operation in the near infrared range. This paper considers the operation and development of an energy transfer dye laser (ETDL) and the cascade ETDL operation in the near infrared range with the aim of improving the efficiency of the N2 laser‐pumped infrared dye laser. As a result, Nile‐Blue‐HITC ETDL and Nile‐Blue‐ Cryptocyanine ETDL operating in the range of 700 nm ‐ 900 nm have been realized. Furthermore, in the ternary dye mixture system with addition of Rhodamine‐B to these dye mixtures, the cascade ETDL operations also occur efficiently. the high efficiency of the N2 laser‐pumped near infrared dye lasers has been realized by means of these ETDLs, and a wide tuning range laser operation has been obtained.
Numerical solution for sinewave oscillator circuits by asymptotic method
Authors: Okumura Kohshi , Yasuda Hisashi , Kishima Akira , Takase Kengo 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis paper proposes a numerical approximation method for analyzing the steady state and the transient state of sinewave oscillator circuits. Since most oscillator circuits contain active and nonlinear elements (e.g., transistors), and inductive capacitive and by‐pass components, their circuit equations generally become high‐order nonlinear differential equations. the proposed method uses the Newton method to determine the operating point. the variation (ac component) about the operating point is used as a variable for establishing a nonlinear differential equation to be solved by means of the Krylov‐Bogolyubov‐Mitropolsky asymptotic method. the discrete Fourier transform is then applied repeatedly to obtain the second‐order approximation for the periodic solutions. the approximation method for transient solutions is also discussed. Finally, an example of a transistorized CR phase‐shift oscillator is used to demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed method. the periodic and transient solutions obtained by the proposed method are compared to those of the Runge‐Kutta‐Gill method.
Multiple scattering in electromagnetic scattering by many perfectly conducting circular cylinders
Authors: Komiyama Akira 
Published: July 2007

AbstractMultiple scattering phenomena have been analyzed via analysis of scattering by several circular cylinders. However, most of these works treat only the far field for the cases where the cylinder radius is much smaller than the wavelength and the cylinder separation is much larger than the radius. In this paper, the effect of the multiple scattering on the near and far fields is studied when perfectly conducting circular cylinders with radius comparable to the wavelengths are placed at separations comparable to the radii. the analysis is based on the simulated charge method because it provides accurate solutions within a reasonable computational time. the following results have been obtained. the errors of the simulated charge method increase as the cylinder separations are reduced due to the effect of multiple scattering. the multiple scattering effect increases with the number of cylinders and it appears significantly in the scattering cross section. the scattering pattern receives a negligible effect of the cylinders in the shadow region for the incident wave. the direction of the lobe deviates from that expected from the first‐order approximation, neglecting the multiple scattering due to the effect of multiple scattering. the near field is affected only by the cylinders within the visible region from the observation point and receives a negligible effect from other cylinders.
Formations‐elliptical scanning electron‐beam cross section for removing unscanned area in high resolution camera tubes
Authors: Kurashige Mitsuhiro 
Published: July 2007

AbstractIt is proposed that electric charge stored in unscanned areas on the field of a high resolution camera tube can be removed by an electron beam with an elliptic cross section which is formed by a beam‐limiting aperture, or by applying vertical rf electric field on the beam, which is called wobbling. These effects have been discussed analytically. the beam‐limiting aperture is applicable to a magnetic focusing and deflecting tube in which, however, the beam spot direction differs slightly from point to point on the picture area; it is applicable also to an electrostatic focusing, magnetic deflecting tube which has rather poor resolution but in which the spot direction is independent of the position on the picture area. On the other hand, wobbling is applicable to a magnetic focusing, electrostatic deflecting tube.
Architecture of an image signal processor
Authors: Fukushima Tadashi , Kobayashi Yoshiki , Hirasawa Kohtaroh , Bandoh Tadaaki , Ejiri Masakazu 
Published: July 2007

AbstractWe have developed an LSI especially suited to process image signals (Image Signal Processor (ISP)). It can process signals of a gray‐scale image having 256 levels as rapidly as TV images are scanned. the device features a kernel size which can easily be extended by either of two methods. the extension method adds ISPs like building blocks. For example, using four ISPs, a 4 × 4 spatial convolution for reconstruction of a gray‐scale image composed of 256 × 256 pixels takes 10.9 ms; the second method adopts our newly proposed image scanning system, the stick scanning system. This enables one ISP to execute a 4 × 4 spatial convolution. In addition, various image processing operations can be done by changing the contents of the programmable control registers within the ISP.Our ISP is fabricated using 3 μm CMOS technology and comprises about 61,000 transistors. the chip is 7.72 × 8.64 mm in size and is mounted in a 64‐pin DIP.
Microcomputer‐based avalanche injection system and determination of distributed area density of traps in SiO2 film
Authors: Haneji Nobuo , Asada Kunihiro , Sugano Takuo 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe feedback circuit for stabilizing an avalanche electron injection current is controlled digitally, and its algorithm has been developed. the injection current can reach within 1% of the target value in a few minutes. the C‐V characteristics are measured during measurement of the injection current, and the data are stored on a mini‐floppy disk. A new method has been proposed for evaluating the area density of traps, in which a continuous distribution of the cross section has been assumed; reliability of the result is also estimated. It is noted that the cross section and the area density of types cannot be determined simultaneously, and hence the resolution must be predecided according to the purpose of the experiment.
Particle device simulation in Si and GaAs MESFETs
Authors: Tomizawa Masaaki , Yoshii Akira , Yokoyama Kiyoyuki 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe ordinary continuum model cannot be applied to analysis of submicron device performances because carriers are in non‐equilibrium state. This difficulty has been overcome by particle simulations applied to analysis of Si and GaAs MESFET's. the effect of the velocity overshoot on the device characteristics has been found. the continuum model is applicable to Si devices up to gate length 0.1 μm. On the other hand, the nonequilibrium effect of the carriers becomes remarkable in GaAs devices when the gate length is 1.0 μm; in such a case high‐speed operation is expected because the carrier velocity is not restricted to its saturation value.
Simplicial fixed points algorithms for finding several solutions of nonlinear circuits
Authors: Takase Tadaaki , Oishi Shin'Ichi , Io Hideaki , Yamamura Kiyotaka 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe fixed‐point algorithm is a method of obtaining the constructive solution of the system of nonlinear equations. the fixed‐point algorithms can roughly be divided into the differential method and the piecewise‐linear method. This paper adopts the fixed‐point algorithm based on piecewise linearization, which does not require considering the differentiability of the system of nonlinear equations, and shows a method for determining more than one solution of the n‐dimensional system of nonlinear equations. the homotopy defined on 0, ∞ × Rn is used. to trace the solution curve of the homotopy, the special decomposition triangulation of 0, ∞ Rn space is required. By providing a new triangulation of 0, ∞ × Rn for Merrill's and Eaves‐Saigal's methods which are typical and based on piecewise linearization, those methods are extended from the methods of obtaining a single solution to the methods of obtaining more than one solution.
A consideration of time domain analysis of networks containing coupled transmission lines using their wave digital filter representation
Authors: Wakabayashi Hiroyuki , Suzuki Masatoshi , Miki Nobuhiro , Nagai Nobuo 
Published: July 2007

AbstractWith increased wire density of integrated circuits and with increased speed of signal, crosstalks due to couplings of wires and wave distortions due to impedance mismatches have become a problem. For the transient analysis of these signals, using the wave digital filter representation of the wires, simulation methods consider them as coupled transmission lines. However, the existing methods construct a digital model depending on the load of the circuits to be analyzed. This paper represents the loss‐less coupled lines of the circuit to be analyzed by equivalent circuits using ideal transformer interconnections and uncoupled transmission lines. Then its power supply and load, its ideal transformer interconnections and its uncoupled transmission lines are modeled individually by digital filter models thus representing the entire circuit with a wave digital filter. Also, digital models are presented for the cases when coupled transmission lines contain lumped parameter elements and branchings. Furthermore, it is shown that lossy symmetrical coupled lines can be represented by equivalent circuits using ideal transformer interconnections and lossy uncoupled lines, and their wave digital filter representations are given. Finally, a wave digital filter representation of a network containing lossy symmetrical coupled lines is given. It is used as a model for wirings on a GaAs substrate, and examples of its transient response analyses are given.
Adaptive pole placement applicable to nonminimum‐phase systems of unknown order and unknown dead‐time
Authors: Shinnaka Shinji , Suzuki Takashi 
Published: July 2007

AbstractIn most of the existing design methods of discrete‐time adaptive control systems, the conditions are required on the unknown plant, which is the object of control, that the order and the dead‐time are known or the zeros of the plant are stable, which seem to be rather impractical requirements. This paper discusses a design method of the adaptive control system which does not require such conditions on the unknown plant but the upper bound of the order of the plant. the proposed design method is for the adaptive pole placement systems based on the indirect method in the pole placement systems. the adaptive processing in regard to the unknown order becomes especially important. an effective recursive procedure for this problem is presented, taking the finite word‐length of the controller into consideration. With this processing function, the proposed method exhibits a high robustness against variations in order, dead‐time and zeros, which may be caused by the variations of the plant parameters. A numerical example is shown for the case when the proposed method is applied to the plant with unknown order and dead‐time and with unstable zeros and poles.