bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of IP3R3 Gene Silencing Effect on Pyruvate Dehydrogenase (PDH) Enzyme Activity in Breast Cancer Cells with and Without Estrogen Receptor
Authors: Vaseghi Golnaz , Shariati Laleh , Najafi Majed Bahri , Malakootikhah Zahra , Esfahani Hajar Naji , Javanmard Shaghayegh Haghjooy 
Published: March 2024

Background:
Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R), a critical calcium ion (Ca2+) regulator, plays a vital role in breast cancer (BC) metabolism. Dysregulated IP3R in BC cells can drive abnormal growth or cell death. Estradiol increases IP3R type 3 (IP3R3) levels in BC, promoting cell proliferation and metabolic changes, including enhanced pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) activity, which, when reduced, leads to cell apoptosis. The study silenced IP3R3 to assess its impact on PDH.

Materials and Methods:
The study used IP3R3 small interfering RNA (siRNA) to target Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 (MCF-7) and MDA-MB-231 cell lines. Transfection success was confirmed by flow cytometry. Cell viability and gene silencing were evaluated using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays. Protein expression and cellular activity were analyzed through western blotting and PDH activity measurement.

Results:
Transfecting MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells with IP3R3 siRNA achieved a 65% transfection rate without significant toxicity. IP3R3 gene silencing effectively reduced IP3R3 messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein levels in both cell lines, leading to decreased PDH enzyme activity, especially in MDA-MB-231 cells.

Conclusion:
The study highlights a link between high IP3R3 gene silencing and reduced PDH activity, with higher IP3R3 expression in estrogen-independent (MDA-MB-231) compared to estrogen-dependent (MCF-7) cell lines. This suggests a potential impact on BC metabolism and tumor growth via regulation of PDH activity.
Modified versus Classical Tubularised Incised Plate Urethroplasty in Hypospadias
Authors: Abdullateef Khaled S. , Elbarbary Mohamed , Kaddah Sherif , Elezaby Belal Mosaad , Ragab Ahmed S. , Mohamed Wesam 
Published: March 2024

Background:
Hypospadias is a wide-world congenital malformation that accounts for 1 of 300 live male births. Many procedures were considered for its management. As the tubularised incised plate (TIP) urethroplasty, the most prevalent technique, caused many complications, several modifications were applied to the original operation to improve the outcomes and alleviate complications.

Aim:
The aim of this study was to compare the outcome of the ordinary TIP urethroplasty with the technique modified without dissection of the glans penis.

Patients and Methods:
A total of 82 patients with a mean age of 18.8 (±14.8) months, were randomly assigned to undergo TIP with either complete glans wings mobilisation (Group A, n = 42 patients) or without glans dissection (Group B, n = 40 patients). To evaluate the effect of modified TIP urethroplasty without glanular dissection for treatment of distal hypospadias in contrast to classical TIP repair.

Results:
Both techniques showed similar outcomes regarding functional repair, with good to excellent results between 88% and 90% after 6 months of follow-up. Most confronted post-operative complications were wound infection, oedema, urethrocutaneous fistulas and meatal stenosis. Less frequently haematoma, post-operative bleeding and glans dehiscence were encountered. The differences in complication rates between the two studied groups were statistically insignificant except for oedema (P = 0.04), and need for urethral dilatation (P = 0.002) that were more prevalent among patients who were treated with classic TIP repair with complete glans wings mobilisation.

Conclusion:
From our point of view, it seems that TIP without glanular dissection technique does not outweigh TIP with complete glans wings mobilisation regarding functional outcomes and post-operative complications.
Antenatally Detected Thoracic Lesions
Authors: Ali Md. Mokarram , Tank Nilesh , Bawa Monika 
Published: March 2024

Introduction:
Foetal thoracic lesions are uncommon, with the incidence of 1 in 15,000 live births. Antenatal monitoring of these lesions is required to prognosticate the parents about the postnatal outcome of the lesions and about the well-being of the baby. Foetal ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are the modalities to detect these lesions and follow-up during pregnancy and postnatally. Congenital pulmonary adenomatoid malformations (CPAM), congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) and bronchopulmonary sequestrations (BPS) are the commonly detected foetal thoracic lesions. Parameters such as congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation (CCAM) volume ratio (CVR) and lung-to-head ratio (LHR) determine the prognosis of these lesions. With this background, we planned to study the prognosis and outcome of antenatally detected thoracic lesions.

Materials and Methods:
This was a prospective study carried out for 2 years (January 2017 to December 2018). Pregnant females with foetuses diagnosed to have thoracic lesions on the second- and third-trimester ultrasound and foetal MRI were enrolled for the study. CVR and LHR were noted. Outcomes were analysed in terms of the need of termination of pregnancy, foetal or neonatal demise and need of surgery or conservative management

Results:
Of a total of 521 pregnancies, thoracic lesions were detected in 22 (4.22%) cases. Individually, the incidence of each lesion was: CPAM-10 (45.45%), BPS-5 (22.73%), CDH-5 (22.73%) and congenital higher airway obstruction-2 (9.1%). Chromosomal screening was normal in 100% of cases. Follow-up was done for 2 years. Termination of pregnancy was required in 3 (13.64%) cases, postnatal death occurred in 4 (18.2%) cases, surgery was required in three cases of CDH soon after birth and two cases of extralobar BPS at 2 years of age. 10 (45.45%) cases were managed conservatively, who are doing well at 2-year follow-up.

Conclusion:
CPAMs, BPSs and CDH are the commonly detected antenatal thoracic lesions. Ultrasonography and MRI help detect and prognosticate the parents about the outcomes of these lesions. CVR and LHR with associated congenital malformations are important prognostic markers for these lesions. There is a need of long-term prospective studies to delineate the natural history of these lesions.
Effects of clomiphene citrate and anastrozole as a combination therapy for hypogonadism: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Bagavathithasan Padmashobana , Dash Swati Sucharita , Venkatachalam Lakshmi , Shetye Vaishali Amol , Pankaj Shashwati , Bhate Jignesh , Rao Guruprasad K S 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Clomiphene citrate (CC) and anastrozole (AZ) combination has been used off-label to improve spermatogenesis in male infertility. This systematic literature review and meta-analysis evaluated the efficacy and safety of CC and AZ combination therapy in subfertile hypogonadal men. Studies were systematically searched and retrieved from PubMed, Web of Science, CENTRAL, and ClinicalTrials.gov from inception to May 19, 2021, using MeSH terms/keywords. Statistical analysis was performed using a random effects model, pooled risk ratio, and heterogeneity (I
2). The methodological quality of the studies was assessed utilizing the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale and Moga tools. Overall, 37 studies were identified from a systematic search, and two studies that met the eligibility criteria were considered for quantitative synthesis. Treatment with combination therapy (CC + AZ) and monotherapy (CC) significantly increased the total testosterone (TT), bioavailable testosterone (BT), estradiol level, and testosterone/estradiol (T/E) ratio from baseline (P < 0.00001). In comparison with monotherapy, combination therapy increased TT (mean difference [MD]: 56.29; 95% confidence interval [CI], 12.36, 100.22; P = 0.01) and BT (MD: 48.18; 95% CI, 8.19, 88.17; P = 0.02) levels in blood. Monotherapy elevated the estradiol level and decreased T/E ratio, whereas combination therapy reduced the estradiol (MD: -2.17; 95% CI, -59.89, 55.55; P = 0.94) level and optimized T/E ratio (MD: 3.64; 95% CI, -18.90, 26.18; P = 0.75). P-specific antigen and hematocrit levels were measured to evaluate the safety of combination and monotherapy. Combination therapy with CC and AZ was safe and well-tolerated in hypogonadal men.
Efficacy of angiotensin receptor blockers for erectile dysfunction in hypertensive men: A systematic review
Authors: Dash Swati Sucharita , Kothari Harshita K , Pankaj Shashwati , Venkatachalam Lakshmi , Bhate Jignesh , Rao Guruprasad K S 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a condition that affects many men, especially as they age, and is an indicator of an underlying health condition and is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. ED also causes significant psychological distress due to stress, anxiety, and low self-esteem related to reduced sexual activity and satisfaction. A high incidence of ED is known to be associated with men with hypertension and diabetes. Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) are newer-generation antihypertensive drugs elucidating a beneficial effect on erectile function compared to older-generation drugs. This study aimed to systematically review the literature to investigate the efficacy of ARBs compared to other classes of antihypertensive drugs in improving ED-related outcomes. A literature search was carried out in Medline, Embase, the Cochrane Library databases, and other relevant sources to select clinical studies that compared the efficacy of ARBs with other antihypertensive drugs in men with concomitant hypertension and ED. Overall, twelve clinical studies comprising 11,672 hypertensive patients with ED were included. Analyses of the outcomes show that ARBs significantly reduce arterial pressure and improve erectile function, frequency of sexual activity, and overall satisfaction in patients. ARBs depress the process of oxidative stress and thus increase sexual desire among the patients with ED patients. Both monotherapy and combination therapies are beneficial for improving erectile function and compliance among patients.
Evaluation of the effect of Prithvi Mahabhuta (earth element) on intestinal transit time in Swiss albino mice
Authors: Moond Kamla , Vyas Hitesh , Baghel A. S. , Nariya Mukesh 
Published: March 2024

Background:

Pugaphala (fruit of Areca catechu Linn.) and Udumbara Twaka (bark of Ficus glomerata Roxb.) are popular for their medicinal properties. Both drugs are used in a variety of compound formulations in Ayurveda. On the basis of their Rasa Panchaka (five factors of substance), pharmacognostical, and pharmaceutical research, Pugaphala and Udumbara Twaka were chosen as Prithvi Mahabhuta (earth element) dominant drugs in the current study.

Aim:
The aim of this study was to assess the impact of Prithvi Mahabhuta-dominating Dravya, Pugaphala, and Udumbara Twaka on intestinal transit time in Swiss albino mice.

Materials and methods:
A total of 18 Swiss albino mice were divided into three groups of six in each. Pugaphala and Udumbara Twaka were administered in mice in doses of 260 mg/kg and 520 mg/kg, respectively.

Results:
The result shows that both the drugs significantly reduce intestinal motility due to their Guna (properties) as Ruksha (dry), Vishada (nonslimy), Sthira (stable), Sheeta (cold), and Kashaya Rasa (astringent taste) of Prithvi Mahabhuta; however, Udumbara sample is found to be more efficient.

Conclusion:
The dominance of Prithvi Mahabhuta is thus confirmed by pharmacological studies in both Pugaphala and Udumbara Twaka, and it is also confirmed that Udumbara Twaka has more Parthiva dominancy than Pugaphala Churna. The Stambhana effect of Prithvi Mahabhuta on intestinal motility can be assessed by latency of onset of white-colored fecal matter in mice.
Pharmacokinetic analysis of Tulasi Swarasadi Taila administered through Nasya (therapeutic nasal administration) and oral route in albino rats
Authors: Kumar Tarun , Panigrahi Balaji , Nariya Mukesh , Thakar Anup 
Published: March 2024

Introduction:Tulasi Swarasadi Taila(medicated oil) is a medicated oil that has been indicated forNasya(therapeutic nasal administration) and oral administration to alleviate diseases likePratishyaya(allergic rhinitis). The drug has been widely used through intranasal and oral routes for the management of various diseases. However, its pharmacokinetic analysis has been unexplored which urges improved methods of standardization.Aim:The study was conducted to understand the pharmacokinetic profile ofTulasi Swarasadi Tailaadministered throughNasya(nasal) and oral routes in albino rats.Materials and methods:Tulasi Swarasadi Tailawas administered in a single dose of 0.54 ml/kg through theNasyaroute and 1.8 ml/kg through the oral route to the healthy Wistar strain albino rats. The serum was collected at different time intervals and estimated by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectroscopy analysis for the separation of volatile substances and identification of the unknown compounds.Results:There were arachidic acid, icosamethylcyclodecasiloxane, tridecane, eugenol, and many other compounds present in the serum after administration ofTulasi Swarasadi Taila, that were absent initially at the baseline.Conclusion:Tulasi Swarsadi Tailais absorbed in systemic circulation from oral andNasyaroutes in rats. However, the pattern of the presence of phytoconstituents in serum varied at different time intervals in the cases of both routes of drug administration in albino rats.
Standardization and Clinical Use of a Single-vial Formulation of Technetium-99m-Trodat Using Autoclave Method
Authors: Thakur Riptee , Nagaraj Chandana , Joshi Raman Kumar , Saini Jitender , Yadav Ravi , Kumar Pardeep 
Published: March 2024

Background:
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is characterized by the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. SPECT imaging using technetium-99m [99mTc] labeled trodat is the choice of imaging to differentiate PD from its other forms like drug-induced PD. Aims and Objectives: The main objective of our study was to prepare in-house sterile formulation of [99mTc]Tc-trodat and use in clinics.

Materials and Methods:
The labeling of trodat was standardized using glucoheptonate sodium salt (GHA), stannous chloride dihydrate (in 0.05 N HCl), and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (Na-EDTA). The preparation was mixed and autoclaved at 15 psi for 15 min. The standardised formulation was stored at 4°C, -20°C and -80°C and labeling with 99mTc was tested for up to 6 days. The radiochemical purity, chemical impurities, and endotoxin levels were tested. The frozen formulation was tested in swiss mice (n = 3) for biodistribution studies at 4 h. Around 18 ± 2 mCi was injected intravenously in each patient (n = 5) and the image was acquired at 4 h post-injection.

Results:
The radiochemical purity of the preparation was 98.3 ± 1.4% with a retention time of 16.8 ± 1.5 min as compared to 4.0 ± 0.5 min for free 99mTc. Animal distribution showed highest uptake in liver and dual excretion via hepatobiliary and renal system. [99mTc]Tc-trodat imaging was able to differentiate both caudate and putamen. Conclusions: In-house frozen preparation was advantageous, as it has decreased the chance of manual error as compared to daily make up formulations and economical as compared to commercially available kits.
Analysis of Major Lobe Volume and Asymmetry of the Brain by Gender: A vol2Brain Study
Authors: Celik Nihal Gurlek , Tiryaki Saban 
Published: March 2024

Objective:
In recent years, with the use of three-dimensional (3D) software tools, volumetric measurements of brain morphometry have gained importance. In this study, we aim to investigate the ratio of the volumes of the major structures of the brain (frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital lobes) to the volume of the intracranial cavity (ICC) and the change of asymmetry according to gender, using web-based vol2Brain, which is one of the current and automatic software tools.

Materials and Methods:
3D-T1-weighted magnetic resonance images of 80 healthy individuals (43 females and 37 males) of both genders were included in our study. The volumes of major brain lobes were calculated with the vol2Brain pipeline software tool and their ratio to ICC was compared by gender.

Results:
Males ICC volume, frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital lobe total volume values were statistically higher than females (P < 0.05). Similarly, the right and left volume values of male were higher than those of female in all measurements. However, when the frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital lobe volumes of male and female were proportion to the ICC volume, there was no statistically significant difference (P > 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the asymmetry results of these cortical structures examined in both genders (P > 0.05).

Conclusions:
Although the male brain is known to be large, no difference was found between the male and female brains as a result of the ratio. Considering the asymmetry values, frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal lobe volume asymmetry values did not differ statistically in both genders.
Surgical Significance of Variant Anatomy of Inferior Mesenteric Artery and Left Colic Artery: A Computed Tomography Angiographic Study
Authors: Moonis Mariam , Sehgal Garima , Parihar Anit , Gupta Vivek , Manik Punita 
Published: March 2024

Introduction:
A variation in vessel morphology determines flow dynamics and vascular disease pathogenesis. Definite information on the distinctive anatomical variations of the mesenteric vessels is extremely important for laparoscopic surgical procedures and interventional radiological procedures in the abdominal region. Three-dimensional-computed tomography angiography (3D-CTA) is a less invasive method to evaluate vascular anatomy using a visual tracking method on high-definition images, contrast-enhanced inferior mesenteric artery (IMA) can be traced to its terminal branches beside the colon wall.

Subjects and Methods:
Abdominal contrast-enhanced computed tomography scan data from 180 patients was retrospectively collected, reconstructed, and analyzed. The origin, length of IMA from origin to the first branch, branching patterns of IMA, and tracking patterns of the ascending branch of left colic artery (LCA), were examined, and their associations with clinical features were analyzed.

Results:
IMA displayed variations in the level of origin ranging from upper 1/3 of L3 to upper 1/3 of L4, mean length from origin to the first branch was 27.4 ± 7.8 mm. Observed branching patterns of IMA were grouped according to Yada classification: Type 1 (52.2%), Type 2 (15.5%), Type 3 (14.4%), and Type 4 (17.7%). Tracking of the ascending branch of LCA before anastomosis with marginal artery revealed four patterns: Type A LCA pattern in 43.9%; Type B LCA anatomy pattern was (19.4%); Type C LCA anatomy pattern was (20.0%); and Type D LCA anatomy pattern was observed (16.7%).

Conclusion:
Preoperative understanding of the vascular variations of IMA and LCA can be obtained by 3D-CTA. This may be helpful to surgeons in planning preoperative strategies to prevent iatrogenic injuries.
Pulmonary Aspergillosis Associated with Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody-positive Vasculitis Involving Skin and Peripheral Nerves
Authors: Rao Abhijith Rajaram , Rishan Mohamed , Jaladhar Prakruthi , Adhikari Prabha 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis is the most common cause of invasive fungal infection. Vasculitis secondary to bacterial, fungal, viral, and parasitic infections is documented in the literature. There are no reported cases of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-positive vasculitis secondary to pulmonary aspergillosis. Here, we present a case of pulmonary aspergillosis who developed ANCA-positive vasculitis.
Multifocal Atrial Tachycardia Transitioning to Atrial Fibrillation in an Octogenarian
Authors: Ekambaranath Nishanth Somashekar , Mathew Betsy 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Multifocal atrial tachycardia (MAT) is an arrhythmia frequently seen in the elderly whose prevalence increases with aging. These arrhythmias may eventually lead to more chaotic arrhythmias such as atrial fibrillation (AF) and flutter. MAT is frequently mistaken for AF in electrocardiogram (ECG). The importance of differentiating MAT from AF is that the former requires no anticoagulation and, therefore, avoids the risks associated with their administration. It is also important to realize that the elderly have multiple conditions such as senile tremors and Parkinson’s disease which may cause mechanical movement artifacts in resting ECGs mimicking cardiac arrhythmias leading to incorrect interpretation of ECGs. Educating physicians about the electrocardiographic appearance of atrial dysrhythmias and the recognition of the confounding artifacts can prevent unnecessary use of treatment which could potentially cause adverse effects in the patient.
The psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Demoralization Scale (DS-II) in women with breast cancer
Authors: Foroughi Aliakbar , Khanjani Sajad , Soleymani Moghadam Mahboobeh , Parvizifard Aliakbar 
Published: March 2024

Background:
Demoralization is a syndrome of existential distress and despair in patients with cancer and other severe medical illnesses. The Demoralization Scale (DS-II) is self-administered and contains 16 items, and it has two factors: meaning and purpose and distress and coping ability.

Materials and Methods:
Women with breast cancer (240) completed the scales DS-II, positive and negative affect, state hope, patient health, and quality of life. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and divergent and convergent validity were used to measure the construct validity of DS-II. CFA was chosen to check the fit of the two-factor model. Divergent and convergent validity were investigated using Pearson’s correlation test. The reliability of DS-II was evaluated by the internal consistency method. Cronbach’s alpha was used to calculate the internal consistency of the DS-II.

Results:
The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for the subscales of meaning and purpose, distress and coping ability, and the total score was obtained: 0.67, 0.72, and 0.81, respectively, indicated this scale’s good reliability. Furthermore, the Pearson correlation coefficient results showed the appropriate convergent validity and good divergent validity of the DS-II.

Conclusion:
The DS-II has sound psychometric properties and can be recommended as a reliable tool for assessing demoralization in women with breast cancer.