bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis, degradability, and cell affinity of poly (DL‐lactide‐co‐RS‐hydroxyethyl‐β‐malolactonate)
Authors: Wang Liang , Jia Xiaohua , Chen Yongsheng , Che Yongzhe , Yuan Zhi 
Published: January 2008

AbstractPoly(DL‐lactide‐co‐RS‐hydroxyethyl‐β‐malolactonate) (PLMAH), a novel functionalized polylactide with hydroxyl arms, was synthesized by a two‐step reaction. DL‐lactide (DLLA) and RS‐benzyloxyethyl‐β‐malolactonate were first copolymerized by ring‐opening polymerization with Sn(Oct)2 as catalyst to generate poly(DL‐lactide‐co‐RS‐benzyloxyethyl‐β‐malolactonate) (PLMAB); next the benzyl protective groups of PLMAB were removed by the hydrogenation reaction catalyzed by Pd/C to generate the final polymer PLMAH. The composition and structure of PLMAB and PLMAH were characterized by 1H and 13C NMR. In vitro degradation experiments of PLMAH copolymers showed that the more RS‐hydroxyethyl‐β‐malolactonate (MAHE) content in the copolymer film, the faster the degradation occurred. The results of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (ECV‐304) cultivated on PDLLA and PLMAH films suggested that among all the films, the PLMAH film containing 9.4 mol % MAHE had the highest cell attachment efficiency. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2008
Bone growth enhancement in vivo on press‐fit titanium alloy implants with acid etched microtexture
Authors: Daugaard Henrik , Elmengaard Brian , Bechtold Joan E. , Soballe Kjeld 
Published: January 2008

AbstractEarly bone ongrowth secures long‐term fixation of primary implants inserted without cement. Implant surfaces roughened with a texture on the micrometer scale are known to be osseoconductive. The aim of this study was to evaluate the bone formation at the surface of acid etched implants modified on the micro‐scale. We compared implants with a nonparticulate texture made by chemical milling (hydrofluoric acid, nitric acid) (control) with implants that had a dual acid etched (hydrofluoric acid, hydrochloric acid) microtexture surface superimposed on the primary chemically milled texture. We used an experimental joint replacement model with cylindrical titanium implants (Ti‐6Al‐4V) inserted paired and press‐fit in cancellous tibia metaphyseal bone of eight canines for 4 weeks and evaluated by histomorphometric quantification. A significant twofold median increase was seen for bone ongrowth on the acid etched surface [median, 36.1% (interquartile range, 24.3–44.6%)] compared to the control [18.4% (15.6–20.4%)]. The percentage of fibrous tissue at the implant surface and adjacent bone was significantly less for dual acid textured implants compared with control implants. These results show that secondary roughening of titanium alloy implant surface by dual acid etching increases bone formation at the implant bone interface. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2008
Uptake of calcium phosphate nanoshells by osteoblasts and their effect on growth and differentiation
Authors: Schmidt Stephanie M. , Moran Kathleen A. , Tweed Kent Ailis M. , Slosar Jenalle L. , Webber Matthew J. , McCready Mark J. , Deering Cassandra , Veranth John M. , Ostafin Agnes 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThe influence of calcium phosphate nanoshell materials on the uptake, viability, and mineralization of human fetal osteoblast cultures was evaluated. Proliferation rates and alkaline phosphatase activity of the cultures were unaffected by the addition of nanoshells to the growth media, but mineralization levels were enhanced by nearly 40%, in contrast to media prepared without nanoshells, or with other calcium phosphate nanomaterials. Nanoshells were internalized by macropinocytosis, and migrated toward the cell nucleus at a rate of 0.34 μm hr−1. Dye‐loaded nanoshells maintained high light emission intensity for over five days while inside the cells, where they could be used as intracellular markers for in vitro microscopic imaging. From these results, it appears that the CaP nanoshells could be developed into a safe sensor and delivery vehicle for osteoblast cell culture studies, whereas the carrier itself has intrinsic bioactivity and may itself upregulate the formation of new bone. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2008
Innovative silicate‐based cements for endodontics: A study of osteoblast‐like cell response
Authors: Gandolfi M. G. , Pagani S. , Perut F. , Ciapetti G. , Baldini N. , Mongiorgi R. , Prati C. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractSilicate‐based filling materials were designed to obtain new endodontic sealers and root‐end filling materials with adequate workability and consistency. Four different formulations (TC, TC 1%, TCf 1%, and TCf) were prepared incorporating calcium chloride as accelerant agent. A plasticizing compound (phyllosilicate) was added to TC 1% and TCf 1%. TC and TC 1% were prepared with water, whereas TCf and TCf 1% were mixed with a latex polymer as fluidizing agent. The aim of this study was to assess the in vitro biological compatibility of designed materials. White‐MTA and AH Plus were tested as reference materials. Human osteoblast‐like Saos‐2 cells were challenged in short‐term cultures (72 h) with solid materials and with material extracts in culture medium, and cell viability and number, cellular adhesion, and morphology were assessed. The new cements exerted no acute toxicity in the assay systems. Saos‐2 like cells adhered and proliferated on solid samples of the experimental cements and MTA whilst AH Plus did not allowed cell growth. The extracts from the latex‐containing cements showed some toxicity. By SEM analysis, osteoblast‐like cells appeared adherent and spread on the new materials, and showed the maintenance of polygonal osteoblastic phenotype. Similar morphology was observed for cells on MTA, whereas only few cells were noted on the AH Plus surface. In conclusion, the new materials proved non toxic and supported the growth of bone‐like cells, and resulted suitable to be used as endodontic sealers and root‐end filling materials. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2008
Micelles based on amphiphilic PCL‐PEO triblock and star‐shaped diblock copolymers: Potential in drug delivery applications
Authors: Quaglia Fabiana , Ostacolo Luisanna , Nese Giuseppe , Canciello Mariarosaria , De Rosa Giuseppe , Ungaro Francesca , Palumbo Rosario , La Rotonda Maria Immacolata , Maglio Giovanni 
Published: January 2008

AbstractIn this work, the potential in drug nanodelivery of micelles made from poly(ϵ‐caprolactone) (PCL) and poly (ethyleneoxide) (PEO) copolymers with triblock and star‐diblock architectures was explored. Linear and 4‐arm star‐shaped PCL macromers with two or four OH end groups were prepared by ring‐opening polymerization of CL and condensed with α‐methoxy‐ω‐carboxy‐PEO. The resulting amphiphilic copolymers were characterized by 1H NMR, size exclusion chromatography, and differential scanning calorimetry. Separate PCL and PEO crystalline phases were observed for both copolymers. Copolymers self‐assembled in water giving critical association concentrations in the range 0.010–0.023 mg/mL. Micelles with a size of 32–45 nm were prepared by dialysis and characterized for hydrodynamic diameter and surface charge. Their potential as nanocarriers in drug delivery applications was evaluated too. Micelles were nontoxic to both Red blood cells and HeLa cells. Complement activation experiments indicated that micelles can escape the reticuloendothelial system once intravenously injected. Finally, a different uptake on HeLa cells was found for micelles obtained from triblock and star‐shaped copolymers. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2008
Osteogenic activity of the mixture of chitosan and particulate dentin
Authors: Park Sun‐Sik , Kim Su‐Gwan , Lim Sung‐Chul , Ong Joo L. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractTo evaluate the healing effect of a mixture of chitosan and particulate dentin, a 8‐mm‐diameter critical size defect was created in the calvarium of 75 rats. The rats were divided into four experimental groups and a control group (no treatment). The defects in the experimental groups were grafted either with pig particulate dentin (group 1), a mixture of particulate dentin and plaster of Paris (group 2), particulate dentin and chitosan (group 3), or chitosan only (group 4). Rats in each group were sacrificed 2, 4, and 8 weeks after implantation. All experimental groups showed more new bone formation when compared to the control group. Additionally, all groups exhibited more bone growth at 8 weeks than at 4 weeks after implantation. It was concluded from this study that defects treated with particulate dentin powder–chitosan mixture may mediate an excellent effect on the formation of new bones. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2008
Treatment of an avoidant patient with comorbid psychopathology: a plan analysis perspective
Authors: Caspar Franz , Ecker Sabine 
Published: January 2008

AbstractPlan Analysis provides case conceptualization for psychotherapy patients in general and for personality disorders in particular. Plan Analysis emphasizes the instrumental aspect of behavior and emotions by asking what motives or goals do a patient's functioning serve. The authors briefly describe Plan Analysis and then illustrate it with the psychotherapy of Nicole, a young patient with avoidant personality disorder, personality disorder not otherwise specified, and major depression. The case illustrates a flexible procedure, dealing with different topics in parallel, and using techniques from a variety of treatment approaches in a heuristic way. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol: In Session 64: 1–15, 2008.
Comorbid antisocial and borderline personality disorders: mentalization‐based treatment
Authors: Bateman Anthony , Fonagy Peter 
Published: January 2008

AbstractMentalization is the process by which we implicitly and explicitly interpret the actions of ourselves and others as meaningful based on intentional mental states (e.g., desires, needs, feelings, beliefs, and reasons). This process is disrupted in individuals with comorbid antisocial (ASPD) and borderline personality disorder (BPD), who tend to misinterpret others' motives. Antisocial characteristics stabilize mentalizing by rigidifying relationships within prementalistic ways of functioning. However, loss of flexibility makes the person vulnerable to sudden collapse when the schematic representation is challenged. This exposes feelings of humiliation, which can only be avoided by violence and control of the other person. The common path to violence is via a momentary inhibition of the capacity for mentalization. In this article, the authors outline their current understanding of mentalizing and its relation to antisocial characteristics and violence. This is illustrated by a clinical account of mentalization‐based treatment adapted for antisocial personality disorder. Treatment combines group and individual therapy. The focus is on helping patients maintain mentalizing about their own mental states when their personal integrity is challenged. A patient with ASPD does not have mental pain associated with another's state of mind; thus, to generate conflict in ASPD by thinking about the victim will typically be ineffective in inducing behavior change. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol: In Session 64: 1–14, 2008.
FGFR4 and its novel splice form in myogenic cells: Interplay of glycosylation and tyrosine phosphorylation
Authors: Kwiatkowski Boguslaw A. , Kirillova Irina , Richard Robert E. , Israeli David , Yablonka‐Reuveni Zipora 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThe family of fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs) is encoded by four distinct genes. FGFR1 and FGFR4 are both expressed during myogenesis, but whereas the function of FGFR1 in myoblast proliferation has been documented, the role of FGFR4 remains unknown. Here, we report on a new splice form of FGFR4 cloned from primary cultures of mouse satellite cells. This form, named FGFR4(‐16), lacks the entire exon 16, resulting in a deletion within the FGFR kinase domain. Expression of FGFR4(‐16) coincided with that of wild‐type FGFR4 in all FGFR4‐expressing tissues examined. Moreover, expression of both FGFR4 forms correlated with the onset of myogenic differentiation, as determined in mouse C2C12 cells and in the inducible myogenic system of 10T½‐MyoD‐ER cell line. Both endogenous and overexpressed forms of FGFR4 exhibited N‐glycosylation. In contrast to FGFR1, induced homodimerization of FGFR4 proteins did not result in receptor tyrosine phosphorylation. Surprisingly, coexpression of FGFR4 forms and a chimeric FGFR1 protein resulted in FGFR4 tyrosine phosphorylation, raising the possibility that FGFR4 phosphorylation might be enabled by a heterologous tyrosine kinase activity. Collectively, the present study reveals novel characteristics of mouse FGFR4 gene products and delineates their expression pattern during myogenesis. Our findings suggest that FGFR4 functions in a distinctly different manner than the prototype FGFR during myogenic differentiation. J. Cell. Physiol. 215: 803–817, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis of deuterated 5‐n‐alkylresorcinols
Authors: Parikka Kirsti , Wähälä Kristiina 
Published: January 2008

AbstractFour alternative strategies for the preparation of deuterium poly‐labelled 5‐n‐alkylresorcinols are explored. Ring‐labelled 2H3‐alkylresorcinols synthesized by acidic H/D exchange are stable under electrospray ionization MS conditions but scrambling occurs in electron bombardment ionization MS. Side chain‐labelled 2H4‐derivatives prepared by two different total synthesis approaches are contaminated by isotopologues with varying number of deuterium labels due to H/D redistribution and exchange during D2 gas deuterogenation. The derivative carrying an ω‐2H3 label is isotopically pure and completely stable under all relevant analytical conditions encountered in quantitation work. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of light on health‐promoting phytochemicals of broccoli sprouts
Authors: Pérez‐Balibrea Santiago , Moreno Diego A , García‐Viguera Cristina 
Published: January 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: Broccoli (Brassicaceae) is a rich source of phytochemicals (glucosinolates and phenolic compounds) and micronutrients (vitamins and minerals). Germinated broccoli sprouts contain much higher levels (10–100 times) of aliphatic (glucoraphanin) and indolic glucosinolates than the inflorescences. This quality characteristic of broccoli sprouts plays an important role in human health and disease prevention. Although it is known that genetic and environmental factors can affect the composition of broccoli inflorescences, the influence of such factors on the seeds and sprouts has not been widely reported. Therefore the aim of this study was to determine the effect of light versus dark growth conditions on the phytochemical composition (vitamin C, phenolic compounds and glucosinolates) of broccoli sprouts.RESULTS: Broccoli sprouts grown in the light were found to have much higher concentrations of vitamin C (by 83%), glucosinolates (by 33%) and phenolic compounds (by 61%) than those grown in the dark. During a 7 day period there was a clear and analogous trend in both treatments, with a general reduction in concentrations over time. Among the different organs studied (seeds, cotyledons, stems and roots), the cotyledons contained the highest levels of bioactive compounds, while the roots contained the lowest.CONCLUSION: Light treatment of sprouting broccoli seeds increased their concentration of health‐promoting phytochemicals, mainly during the first 3–5 days of development. Therefore the younger broccoli sprouts are a better source of bioactive compounds for the consumer than the inflorescences. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
The role of productive efficiency on entry and post‐entry performance under different strategic orientation: the case of the Greek plastics and rubber industry
Authors: Tsekouras Kostas , Skuras Dimitris , Daskalopoulou Irene 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThe present study formulates and empirically tests the hypothesis that the post‐entry performance and growth of new firms is affected by the way in which crucial resources are combined during the decision‐making process to enter the industry or not. Further, the study empirically tests the hypothesis that multifaceted productive efficiency influences both the entry decision and the entrants' post‐entry performance. The proposed analytical framework allows for testing these hypotheses under different strategic orientations assumed to be followed by entrants. Results of the estimated partial observability model provide support to these hypotheses in almost all of the examined cases. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Matching rules
Authors: Fon Vincy , Parisi Francesco 
Published: January 2008

AbstractInstitutions often utilize matching rules to achieve cooperative outcomes. However, the equilibrium induced by a matching rule may not be socially optimal. After presenting the case in which matching rules yield privately and socially optimal levels of cooperation, this article identifies the conditions which generate inefficient cooperation. Matching rules undershoot (i.e. parties cooperate less than is socially optimal) in one group of cases. In a second, more puzzling case, matching rules overshoot (i.e. parties that interact under a matching constraint are induced to cooperate more than is socially optimal). This paper identifies the conditions for such occurrences. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Exposure assessment of fetus and newborn to brominated flame retardants in France: preliminary data
Authors: Antignac Jean‐Philippe , Cariou Ronan , Maume Daniel , Marchand Philippe , Monteau Fabrice , Zalko Daniel , Berrebi Alain , Cravedi Jean‐Pierre , Andre François , Le Bizec Bruno 
Published: January 2008

AbstractBrominated flame retardants (BFR) are chemicals extensively used in many manufactured products to reduce the risk of fire, but also environmental pollutants. In order to assess the potential risk linked to these compounds in human, a French monitoring study was initiated to evaluate the exposure of fetus and newborn. A previously described multi‐residue analytical method was used, for measuring the main classes of BFR (hexabromocyclododecane, tetrabromobisphenol‐A, and tri‐ to deca‐polybromodiphenylethers) in various biological matrices. These analyzed samples (maternal and umbilical serum, adipose tissue and breast milk) were collected on volunteer women during caesarean deliveries. Preliminary results obtained on 26 individuals (mother/newborn pairs) mainly demonstrated the presence of polybromodiphenylethers (PBDE) and tetrabromobisphenol A both in maternal and fetal matrices, and a possible risk of overexposure of newborns through breastfeeding. Contaminations levels were found globally in the ng/g lipid weight range, consistent with other published European data. Exposure results regarding highly brominated PBDE congeners (octa‐ to deca‐BDE) appeared particularly informative and non‐commonly reported, these compounds accounting for around 50% of the total PBDE load. Additional data collection and metabolism investigations are now on‐going. A more complete statistical analysis related to this BFR exposition study will be provided in a next future.
Brominated and chlorinated dioxins, PCBs and brominated flame retardants in Scottish shellfish: Methodology, occurrence and human dietary exposure
Authors: Fernandes Alwyn , Dicks Pamela , Mortimer David , Gem Martin , Smith Frankie , Driffield Malcolm , White Shaun , Rose Martin 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThe most commonly consumed shellfish species produced in Scotland – mussels, oysters and scallops – were investigated for the occurrence of a range of brominated and chlorinated contaminants in order to establish current levels and estimate human dietary exposure. Flesh from individual sub‐samples was representatively pooled and 35 composites were analysed for brominated and chlorinated dioxins (PBDD/Fs, PCDD/Fs), brominated and chlorinated biphenyls (PBBs, PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs) and tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA). The analytical methodology used 13C12 labelled surrogates of the target compounds, with GC coupled to (usually) high resolution MS, and LC‐MS/MS for HBCD and TBBPA analysis. Positive identifications were made in the majority of samples for most analytes with the exception of TBBPA and most PBDD congeners measured. None of the levels detected for PCDD/F and PCB were above the maximum permitted levels specified in European Union regulations. The levels of brominated furans predominated over brominated dioxins, reflecting the environmental distribution and source emission profiles of these contaminants, and relatively high levels of the tri‐brominated congeners were observed. Levels of the flame retardant chemicals reflected current and legacy use, with appreciable concentrations of PBDEs and HBCDs (predominantly alpha‐HBCD) but far lower levels of PBBs. TBBPA was not detected in any of the species. In general, mussels and oysters displayed relatively higher levels of contamination than scallops, although the gonad tissue of the latter showed significant levels of brominated dioxins. The estimated adult dietary intakes of PCDD/Fs and PCBs arising from the consumption of a typical portion of these foods in combination with an otherwise average UK diet were in the range 0.5–0.6 pg World Health Organisation (WHO)‐toxic equivalent (TEQ)(2005)/kg bodyweight per day. These estimated dietary intakes are well within the Tolerable Daily Intake for dioxins and dioxin‐like PCBs of 2 pg WHO‐TEQ(2005)/kg bodyweight/day endorsed by the independent expert Committee on Toxicology of Chemicals in Food, Consumer Products and the Environment. The corresponding intakes for sumPBDEs and sumHBCDs were 5.6–6.1 and 5.9–7.9 ng/kg bodyweight/day respectively.
Dynamic policies for uncertain time‐critical tasking problems
Authors: Glazebrook Kevin D. , Punton Emma L. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractA recent paper by Gaver et al. 6 argued the importance of studying service control problems in which the usual assumptions (i) that tasks will wait indefinitely for service and (ii) that successful service completions can be observed instantaneously are relaxed. Military and other applications were cited. They proposed a model in which arriving tasks are available for service for a period whose duration is unknown to the system's controller. The allocation of a large amount of processing to a task may make more likely its own successful completion but may also result in the loss of many unserved tasks from the system. Gaver et al. 6 called for the design of dynamic policies for the allocation of service which maximizes the rate of successful task completions achieved, or which come close to doing so. This is the theme of the paper. We utilize dynamic programming policy improvement approaches to design heuristic dynamic policies for service allocation which may be easily computed. In all cases studied, these policies achieve throughputs close to optimal. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2008