bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of altered p53 dosage on hematopoietic stem cell dynamics during aging
Authors: Dumble Melissa , Moore Lynette , Chambers Stuart M. , Geiger Hartmut , Van Zant Gary , Goodell Margaret A. , Donehower Lawrence A. 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
A temporal decline in tissue stem cell functionality may be a key component of mammalian aging. The tumor suppressor p53 has recently been implicated as a potential regulator of aging. We examined age-associated hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) dynamics in mice with varying p53 activities. Reduced p53 activity in p53+/− mice was associated with higher numbers of proliferating hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells in old age compared with aged wild-type (p53+/+) mice. We also assessed HSC dynamics in a p53 mutant mouse model (p53+/m) with higher apparent p53 activity than wild-type mice. The p53 hypermorphic (p53+/m) mice display phenotypes of premature aging. Many aged p53+/m organs exhibit reduced cellularity and atrophy, suggesting defects in stem-cell regenerative capacity. HSC numbers from old p53+/m mice fail to increase with age, unlike those of their p53+/+ and p53+/− counterparts. Moreover, transplantation of 500 HSCs from old p53+/m mice into lethally irradiated recipients resulted in reduced engraftment compared with old wild-type p53+/+ and p53+/− HSCs. Thus, alteration of p53 activity affects stem-cell numbers, proliferation potential, and hematopoiesis in older organisms, supporting a model in which aging is caused in part by a decline in tissue stem cell regenerative function.
Molecular characterisation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates in the First National Survey of Anti-tuberculosis Drug Resistance from Venezuela
Authors: Aristimuño Liselotte , Armengol Raimond , Cebollada Alberto , España Mercedes , Guilarte Alexis , Lafoz Carmen , Lezcano María A , Revillo María J , Martín Carlos , Ramírez Carmen , Rastogi Nalin , Rojas Janet , de Salas Albina Vázques , Sola Christophe , Samper Sofía 
Published: October 2006

Abstract

Background
Molecular typing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains has become a valuable tool in the epidemiology of tuberculosis (TB) by allowing detection of outbreaks, tracking of epidemics, identification of genotypes and transmission events among patients who would have remained undetected by conventional contact investigation. This is the first genetic biodiversity study of M. tuberculosis in Venezuela. Thus, we investigated the genetic patterns of strains isolated in the first survey of anti-tuberculosis drug-resistance realised as part of the Global Project of Anti-tuberculosis Drug Resistance Surveillance (WHO/IUATLD).

Results
Clinical isolates (670/873) were genotyped by spoligotyping. The results were compared with the international spoligotyping database (SpolDB4). Multidrug resistant (MDR) strains (14/18) were also analysed by IS6110-RFLP assays, and resistance to isoniazid and rifampicin was characterised.
Spoligotyping grouped 82% (548/670) of the strains into 59 clusters. Twenty new spoligotypes (SITs) specific to Venezuela were identified. Eight new inter-regional clusters were created. The Beijing genotype was not found. The genetic network shows that the Latin American and Mediterranean family constitutes the backbone of the genetic TB population-structure in Venezuela, responsible of >60% of total TB cases studied. MDR was 0.5% in never treated patients and 13.5% in previously treated patients. Mutations in rpoB gene and katG genes were detected in 64% and 43% of the MDR strains, respectively.
Two clusters were found to be identical by the four different analysis methods, presumably representing cases of recent transmission of MDR tuberculosis.

Conclusion
This study gives a first overview of the M. tuberculosis strains circulating in Venezuela during the first survey of anti-tuberculosis drug-resistance. It may aid in the creation of a national database that will be a valuable support for further studies.
PR genes of apple: identification and expression in response to elicitors and inoculation with Erwinia amylovora
Authors: Bonasera Jean M , Kim Jihyun F , Beer Steven V 
Published: October 2006

Abstract

Background
In the past decade, much work has been done to dissect the molecular basis of the defence signalling pathway in plants known as Systemic Acquired Resistance (SAR). Most of the work has been carried out in model species such as Arabidopsis, with little attention paid to woody plants. However within the range of species examined, components of the pathway seem to be highly conserved. In this study, we attempted to identify downstream components of the SAR pathway in apple to serve as markers for its activation.

Results
We identified three pathogenesis related (PR) genes from apple, PR-2, PR-5 and PR-8, which are induced in response to inoculation with the apple pathogen, Erwinia amylovora, but they are not induced in young apple shoots by treatment with known elicitors of SAR in herbaceous plants. We also identified three PR-1-like genes from apple, PR-1a, PR-1b and PR-1c, based solely on sequence similarity to known PR-1 genes of model (intensively researched) herbaceous plants. The PR-1-like genes were not induced in response to inoculation with E. amylovora or by treatment with elicitors; however, each showed a distinct pattern of expression.

Conclusion
Four PR genes from apple were partially characterized. PR-1a, PR-2, PR-5 and PR-8 from apple are not markers for SAR in young apple shoots. Two additional PR-1-like genes were identified through in-silico analysis of apple ESTs deposited in GenBank. PR-1a, PR-1b and PR-1c are not involved in defence response or SAR in young apple shoots; this conclusion differs from that reported previously for young apple seedlings.
Amlodipine versus angiotensin II receptor blocker; control of blood pressure evaluation trial in diabetics (ADVANCED-J)
Authors: Kawamori Ryuzo , Daida Hiroyuki , Tanaka Yasushi , Miyauchi Katsumi , Kitagawa Akira , Hayashi Dobun , Kishimoto Junji , Ikeda Shunya , Imai Yutaka , Yamazaki Tsutomu 
Published: October 2006

AbstractBackgroundThe coexistence of type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases. The U.K. Prospective Diabetes Study has shown that blood pressure control as well as blood glucose control is efficient for prevention of complications in hypertensive patients with diabetes mellitus. However, some reports have shown that it is difficult to control the blood pressure and the concomitant use of a plurality of drugs is needed in hypertensive patients with diabetes mellitus. In recent years renin-angiotensin system depressants are increasingly used for the blood pressure control in diabetic patients. Particularly in Japan, angiotensin II (A II) antagonists are increasingly used. However, there is no definite evidence of the point of which is efficient for the control, the increase in dose of A II antagonist or the concomitant use of another drug, in hypertensive patients whose blood pressure levels are inadequately controlled with A II antagonist.Methods/DesignHypertensive patients of age 20 years or over with type 2 diabetes mellitus who have been treated by the single use of AII antagonist at usual doses for at least 8 weeks or patients who have been treated by the concomitant use of AII antagonist and an antihypertensive drug other than calcium channel blockers and ACE inhibitors at usual doses for at least 8 weeks are included.DiscussionWe designed a multi-center, prospective, randomized, open label, blinded-endpoint trial,ADVANCED-J, to compare the increases in dose of A II antagonist and the concomitant use of a Ca-channel blocker (amlodipine) and A II antagonist in hypertensive patients with diabetes mellitus, whose blood pressure levels were inadequately controlled with A II antagonist. This study is different from the usual previous studies in that home blood pressures are assessed as indicators of evaluation of blood pressure. TheADVANCED-Jstudy may have much influence on selection of antihypertensive drugs for treatment in hypertensive patients with diabetes mellitus. It is expected to give an important hint for considering the validity of selection of antihypertensive drugs from the aspects not only of the antihypertensive effect but medical cost-effectiveness.
Dual use of Medicare and the Veterans Health Administration: are there adverse health outcomes?
Authors: Wolinsky Fredric D , Miller Thomas R , An Hyonggin , Brezinski Paul R , Vaughn Thomas E , Rosenthal Gary E 
Published: October 2006

AbstractBackgroundMillions of veterans are eligible to use the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) and Medicare because of their military service and age. This article examines whether an indirect measure of dual use based on inpatient services is associated with increased mortality risk.MethodsData on 1,566 self-responding men (weighted N = 1,522) from the Survey of Assets and Health Dynamics among the Oldest Old (AHEAD) were linked to Medicare claims and the National Death Index. Dual use was indirectly indicated when the self-reported number of hospital episodes in the 12 months prior to baseline was greater than that observed in the Medicare claims. The independent association of dual use with mortality was estimated using proportional hazards regression.Results96 (11%) of the veterans were classified as dual users. 766 men (50.3%) had died by December 31, 2002, including 64.9% of the dual users and 49.3% of all others, for an attributable mortality risk of 15.6% (p < .003). Adjusting for demographics, socioeconomics, comorbidity, hospitalization status, and selection bias at baseline, as well as subsequent hospitalization for ambulatory care sensitive conditions, the independent effect of dual use was a 56.1% increased relative risk of mortality (AHR = 1.561; p = .009).ConclusionAn indirect measure of veterans' dual use of the VHA and Medicare systems, based on inpatient services, was associated with an increased risk of death. Further examination of dual use, especially in the outpatient setting, is needed, because dual inpatient and dual outpatient use may be different phenomena.
Syntheses of Biliverdin Derivatives Sterically Locked at the CD-Ring Components
Authors: Hammam Mostafa A S , Nakamura Hiroshi , Hirata Yukari , Khawn Htoi , Murata Yasue , Kinoshita Hideki , Inomata Katsuhiko 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
Total syntheses of biliverdin derivatives with a Z-syn, Z-anti, or E-syn CD-ring components were accomplished via new and efficient methods for the construction of sterically locked CD-ring components towards the elucidation of the stereochemistry of the chromophore in phytochromes.
Methyltrioxorhenium and Sodium Bromide-Catalyzed Oxidation of Alcohols to Carbonyl Compounds with H2O2 Using 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium Tetrafluoroborate Ionic Liquid as a Novel Recyclable Green Solvent
Authors: Jain Suman L , Sharma Vishal B , Sain Bir 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
A variety of primary and secondary alcohols have been oxidized to the corresponding aldehydes and ketones in excellent yields with aqueous 30% hydrogen peroxide by using methyltrioxorhenium and sodium bromide as a catalyst system and the ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([bmim]BF4) as a recyclable green solvent.
Synthesis, Structures, and Two-Photon Absorption Properties of Two New Heterocycle-Based Organic Chromophores
Authors: Yan Yun-Xing , Fan Hai-Hua , Lam Chi-Keung , Huang Hong , Wang Jing , Hu Sheng , Wang He-Zhou , Chen Xiao-Ming 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
Two new heterocycle-based two-photon absorption chromophores, 4-[4-(4,5-diphenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)styryl]pyridine (2) and (E)-4-{[2-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)vinyl]styryl}-N-methylpyridinium iodide (4), have been synthesized and characterized. The two molecules possess A–π–A′ structures. A π-deficient heteroaromatic ring (benzimidazole, 4,5-diphenyl-1H-imidazole) is used as an acceptor (A), and a pyridine ring is used as another acceptor (A′). One-photon-excited fluorescence, one-photon-fluorescence quantum yields, two-photon-excited fluorescence, and two-photon absorption cross-sections were investigated. Pumped with 740 and 800 nm laser excitation, compounds 2 and 4 had two-photon absorption cross-sections (41 and 38 GM) and two-photon-excited fluorescence (511 and 601 nm) in DMF, respectively. The crystal structure of compound 4 was determined by using X-ray single-crystal diffraction analysis.
Animal experiments on the mechanism of the acoustic irritation in the cochlea
Authors: Kobrak Heinrich G. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractExperiments† have been performed which aim to throw light upon the mechanism by which the nerve endings in Corti's organ are stimulated. The physiological stimulus of the cochlea consists in dynamic air pressure changes which are transformed into vibrations of the intralabyrinthine fluid. Since static pressure changes are easier to analyze, they were studied first. The displacement of the intralabyrinthine fluid due to static pressure changes in the outer acoustic canal and in the middle ear cavity was measured by the following method:A tube was inserted into the outer acoustic meatus of a rabbit and made airtight. A second tube was fixed into the middle ear, and this opening was also firmly closed. Both tubes were connected with a syringe in which changes in pressure could be produced. A second connection was made with a manometer, by means of which the pressures were measured. The inner ear of the animal was opened and a tiny glass capillary was inserted. By an optical system the meniscus was visualized on a screen; movements of the meniscus due to changes in pressure in either the middle or the outer ear could be observed fairly accurately (see Fig. 1).
The origin of cochlear potentials
Authors: Eyster J. A. E. , Bast T. H. , Krasno M. R. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe potentials that can be recorded from the cochlea or contiguous structures when sound impinges on the ear have been shown to arise from the cochlea and to be distinct from the action potentials present in the auditory nerve and tract.1,2. The particular structures within the cochlea which are concerned in their production and the manner in which they are produced is still undetermined. The small or absent response from cats and guinea pigs with ear infections or with congenital deficiencies in the internal ear has led to the view that the potentials are dependent on the organs of Cortl.3,4 The extensive pathology present in the internal ear of these animals, however, would appear to make it difficult or impossible to ascribe the deficiency to any particular feature of the abnormality. It has, moreover, been found that, in guinea pigs at least, structural integrity of the organs of Corti is not necessarily related to cochlear response.5 Further evidence for this will be given in the present communication.
Experiences with type iv tympanomastoidectomy
Authors: Gotay‐Rodriguez Victor M. , Schuknecht Harold F. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractType IV tympanoplasty was performed on 72 patients having advanced suppurative disease of the middle ear and mastoid with total loss of the middle ear sound transmission system. The principal features of the method consist of a postauricular wide‐field mastoideetomy, canalplasty, meato‐plasty, Type IV tympanoplasty with cutaneous exteriorization of the footplate and mastoid obliteration. The method achieved a postoperative bone‐air gap of 30 db or less in 59 percent of cases with a 15 percent incidence of recrudescence requiring some further surgery
Organization of the facial nerve nucleus in the cat
Authors: Radpour Shokri 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe location of efferent neurons in the brain stem of newborn kittens supplying the facial muscles was studied by means of horseradish perox‐idase (HRP) used as a tracer of retrograde protein transport. Three to 15 microliters containing 0.3 to 1.5 mg of HRP was injected into the orbicu‐laris oris and orbicularis oculi muscles of six kittens and in the seventh kitten, the ventral ramus of the facial nerve was transected and HRP was instilled on the cut end of the nerve.After a survival time of 24 hours, the animals were anesthetized, perfused by intracardic perfusion technique, and then they were fixed and the brain stems sectioned. Stains for peroxidase demonstrated the labelled neurons in the lateral division of facial nuclei in the ipsilateral side. The orbicularis oculi muscles were represented in the rostral pole of the lateral division of the facial nucleus dorsally while the orbicularis oris muscles were represented in the caudal pole of the lateral division of the facial nucleus ventrally.No labelled neurons were found in the nuclei of the Vth or any other brain stem nuclei.According to my knowledge, this method of localizing the neurons supplying the facial muscles has not been reported previously
Squamous cell carcinoma of the pyriform sinus
Authors: El Badawi S. A. , Fletcher G. H. , Oswald M. J. , Goepfert H. , Herson J. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThis is a review of 418 patients with cancer of the pyriform sinus who had complete treatment at University of Texas M. D. Anderson Hospital, treated over a 28‐year time span. Treatment modalities used included radiation therapy, surgery, and planned combined treatment, primarily in the form of surgery and postoperative radiation therapy. Superficial lesions, with no impairment of laryngeal motility, are suitable for irradiation therapy planned for cure. (The policies of treatment have changed throughout the years). Analysis is made comparing the results of the larger groups of patients treated by surgery only, or surgery followed by postoperative radiation therapy. There is a significant lower incidence of failure above the clavicle in the combined treatment group, and a better 5‐year survival. Rate of recurrences and the specific sites of failure above the clavicles are discussed, as well as the means of preventing such. The causes of death between 2 and 5 years are presented.
Lymphoma and the parotid gland
Authors: Nichols Richard D. , Rebuck John W. , Sullivan John C. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe rich parotid lymphatic network makes necessary the inclusion of benign and malignant lymphoid disease in the differential diagnosis of parotid swelling. This area is affected directly by lymphoma in many clinical situations and has an indirect relationship with lymphoma through Sjögren's syndrome. These associations can produce uncertainty about the etiology and significance of parotid masses. Patients with Sjögren's have a spectrum of lymphoproliferative disorders from benign lymphoepithelial disease (BLD) to lymphoma and a significantly greater incidence of the latter than the general population. Nine patients with lymphoma and also benign and malignant lymphoid disease in the parotid illustrate various diagnostic considerations. These include that both benign and malignant parotid lymphoid pathology are seen with systemic lymphoma, that lymphoma can co‐exist with BLD May be misdiagnosed as BLD, and can develop in the same gland after appearance of BLD.
Ludwig's angina: An update
Authors: Clifton Patterson H. , Strome Marshall , Kelly James H. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractDespite a reduction in preantibiotic mortality rates that exceeded 50%, Ludwig's angina remains a potentially lethal entity primarily because of rapidly progressive airway obstruction. Since the reports of several large series in the 1940's, there have been but sporadic case reports because of widespread use of antibiotics in orodental infection, improved dental care, as well as adherence to strict diagnostic criteria. Since this entity is now uncommon, unnecessary delay in diagnosis and management may occur and may result in serious complications.This presentation will consist of an historical review, discussion of pathogenesis followed by clinical presentation, bacteriology and treatment, as well as a detailed analysis of our most recent 20 cases.There were no complications and no deaths. The infection resolved with medical therapy in 11 patients, while 9 patients required surgical procedures. Penicillin, clindamycin or chloramphenicol were started initially in all cases. Four of these 9 patients developed a localized abscess, while on antibiotics, which required drainage. Tracheotomy or intubation was necessary in 7 patients.Early and aggressive use of appropriate antibiotics and protection of the airway are the mainstays of a successful treatment regimen. Judicious surgical intervention is indicated in those patients who develop localized abscesses while on antibiotics or are unresponsive to medical management.
Intracochlear microprobe analysis
Authors: Bone Robert C. , Ryan Allen F. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractEnergy dispersive x‐ray analysis (EDXA) or “microprobe analysis” provides cochlear physiologists with a means of accurately assessing relative ionic concentrations in selected portions of the auditory mechanism. Rapid freezing followed by lyophilization allows the recovery of fluid samples in crystalline form not only from perilymphatic and endolymphatic spaces, but also from much smaller subregions of the cochlea. Because samples are examined in a solid state, there is no risk of diffusion into surrounding or juxtaposed fluids. Samples of cochlear tissues may also be evaluated without the danger of intercellular ionic diffusion.During direct visualization by scanning electron microscopy, determination of the biochemical makeup of the material being examined can be made simultaneously, assuring the source of the data collected. Other potential advantages and disadvantages of EDXA are reviewed. Initial findings as they relate to endolymph, perilymph, stria vascularis, and the undersurface of the tectorial membrane are presented.
Experimental skin incision made with the carbon dioxide laser
Authors: Norris C. W. , Mullarky M. B. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA comparison of incisions made with a surgical scalpel and a continuous carbon dioxide laser was done. The hog was the subject animal because of its similarity to human skin. The short‐term stage of the experiment showed that the laser incisions were far better in terms of tissue repair. However, after several days, the incisions made by the scalpel exhibited better tissue reconstruction. But around the 30th day, both systems displayed similar results. This information may aid a surgeon in making a decision on whether a laser may be used safely in an operation.
Computed tomography: How accurate a predictor for cochlear implantation?
Authors: Wiet Richard J. , Pyle G. Mark , Conner Cathleen A. O. , Russell Eric , Shheramm Divid R. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractCochlear implantation is an accepted medical treatment for profound bilateral postlinguistically acquired hearing loss. Because cochlear implants are still in the process of development, a detailed evaluation of the results of implantation is essential. However, the capability of predetermining the auditory benefit of a cochlear implant is limited and depends upon a number of factors. This report focuses upon the ability of computed tomography (CT) to predict surgical success and audiological results of multichannel cochlear implantation. It also addresses how the disease state might affect the functional benefit of the implant.After undergoing routine clinical and audiological evaluations, 28 cochlear implant candidates underwent CT scans in order to evaluate cochlear patency prior to surgery. Subsequently, 24 patients were implanted with either a single‐ or 22‐channel device. Surgical findings were noted and postoperative audiological assessments of sound detection and speech discrimination were made.The CT risk factors that diminish the likelihood of a successful cochlear implant result are discussed based upon a retrospective comparison of preoperative CT results, surgical findings, and postsurgical audiological evaluations of the 14 patients who received a 22‐channel implant. Analysis of the predictive capability of CT will allow clinicians to use that procedure more effectively in the presurgical assessment of cochlear implant candidates.