bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Direct Transfer of Preformed Patterned Bio‐Nanocomposite Films on Polyelectrolyte Multilayer Templates
Authors: Kohli Neeraj , Worden Robert M. , Lee Ilsoon 
Published: May 2007

AbstractMicroarrays containing multiple, nanostructured layers of biological materials would enable high‐throughput screening of drug candidates, investigation of protein‐mediated cell adhesion, and fabrication of novel biosensors. In this paper, we have examined in detail an approach that allows high‐quality microarrays of layered, bionanocomposite films to be deposited on virtually any substrate. The approach uses LBL self‐assembly to pre‐establish a multilayered structure on an elastomeric stamp, and then uses µCP to transfer the 3‐D structure intact to the target surface. For examples, different 3‐D patterns containing dendrimers, polyelectrolyte multilayers and two proteins, sADH and sDH, have been fabricated. For the first time, the approach was also extended to create overlaid bionanocomposite patterns and multiple proteins containing patterns. The approach overcomes a problem encountered when using µCP to establish a pattern on the target surface and then building sequential layers on the pattern via LBL self‐assembly. Amphiphilic molecules such as proteins and dendrimers tend to adsorb both to the patterned features as well as the underlying substrate, resulting in low‐quality patterns. By circumventing this problem, this research significantly extends the range of surfaces and layering constituents that can be used to fabricate 3‐D, patterned, bionanocomposite structures.magnified image
Variation in Copolymer Composition and Molecular Weight of Polyhydroxyalkanoate Generated by Saturation Mutagenesis of Aeromonas caviae PHA Synthase
Authors: Tsuge Takeharu , Watanabe Shinko , Sato Shun , Hiraishi Tomohiro , Abe Hideki , Doi Yoshiharu , Taguchi Seiichi 
Published: May 2007

AbstractAmino acid substitutions at two residues downstream from the active‐site histidine of polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) synthases are effective for changing the composition and the molecular weight of PHA. In this study, saturation mutagenesis at the position Ala505 was applied to PHA synthase (PhaCAc) from Aeromonas caviae to investigate the effects on the composition and the molecular weight of PHA synthesized in Ralstonia eutropha. The copolymer composition and molecular weight of PHA were varied by association with amino acid substitutions. There was a strong relationship between copolymer composition and PHA synthase activity of the cells. This finding will serve as a rationale for producing tailor‐made PHAs.magnified image
Enhanced Stereocomplex Formation of Poly(L‐lactic acid) and Poly(D‐lactic acid) in the Presence of Stereoblock Poly(lactic acid)
Authors: Fukushima Kazuki , Chang Yoon‐Hee , Kimura Yoshiharu 
Published: May 2007

AbstractStereoblock poly(lactic acid) (sb‐PLA) is incorporated into a 1:1 polymer blend system of poly(L‐lactic acid) (PLLA) and poly(D‐lactic acid) (PDLA) that has a high molecular weight to study its addition effect on the stereocomplex (sc) formation of PLLA and PDLA. The ternary polymer blend films are first prepared by casting polymer solutions of sb‐PLA, PLLA, and PDLA with different compositions. Upon increasing the content of sb‐PLA in the blend films the sc crystallization is driven to a higher degree, while the formation of homo‐chiral (hc) crystals is decreased. Lowering the molecular weight of the incorporated sb‐PLA effectively increases the sc formation. Consequently, it is revealed that sb‐PLA can work as a compatibilizer to improve the poor sc formation in the polymer blend of PLLA and PDLA.magnified image
A Fine Structure in the Theory of Isols
Authors: Barback Joseph 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIn this paper we introduce a collection of isols having some interesting properties. Imagine a collection W of regressive isols with the following features: (1) u, v ϵ W implies that u ⩽ v or v ⩽ u, (2) u ⩽ v and v ϵ W imply u ϵ W, (3) W contains ℕ = {0,1,2,…} and some infinite isols, and (4) u eϵ W, u infinite, and u + v regressive imply u + v ϵ W. That such a collection W exists is proved in our paper. It has many nice features. It also satisfies (5) u, v ϵ W, u ⩽ v and u infinite imply v ⩽ g(u) for some recursive combinatorial function g, and (6) each u ϵ W is hereditarily odd‐even and is hereditarily recursively strongly torre. The collection W that we obtain may be characterized in terms of a semiring of isols D(c) introduced by J. C. E. Dekker in [5]. We will show that W = D(c), where c is an infinite regressive isol that is called completely torre.
Sur la détermination d'une relation binaire à partir d'informations locales
Authors: Boudabbous Youssef 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis paper deals with the problematic aspect of the reconstruction of binary relations: it includes all the questions raising the possibility or impossibility to determine a structure by gathering given substructures. It is the continuation of three studies: the first made by G. Lopez [9] in 1972 about the determination of a binary relation through the types of isomorphism of its restrictions, the second made by K. B. Reid and C. Thomassen [15] in 1976 about the strongly self‐complementary tournaments (every subtournament is self‐complementary), the third made by C. Thomassen [16] in 1989 about the cycle space of a tournament. In the second section, we use the notion of class of difference (which was introduced in [9]) to extend a study made in [16] to binary relations. Then, in the third section, we improve the result of this last study in the case of the tournaments. After noticing that the result of [15] inferred itself naturally from the approach developed in [9], we extend, in the fourth section, the study made in [15] to binary relations.
Versions of Normality and Some Weak Forms of the Axiom of Choice
Authors: Howard Paul , Keremedis Kyriakos , Rubin Herman , Rubin Jean E. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractWe investigate the set theoretical strength of some properties of normality, including Urysohn's Lemma, Tietze‐Urysohn Extension Theorem, normality of disjoint unions of normal spaces, and normality of Fσ subsets of normal spaces.
On a Theory for AC0and the Strength of the Induction Scheme
Authors: Kuroda Satoru 
Published: May 2007

AbstractWe define a fragment of Primitive Recursive Arithmetic by replacing the defining axioms for primitive recursive functions by those for functions in some specific complexity class. In this note we consider such theory for AC0. We present a model‐theoretical property of this theory, by means of which we are able to characterize its provably total functions. Next we consider the problem of how strong the induction scheme can be in this theory.
Interpolation by a Game
Authors: Kraíček Jan 
Published: May 2007

AbstractWe introduce a notion of a real game (a generalisation of the Karchmer‐Wigderson game (cf. [3]) and of real communication complexity, and relate this complexity to the size of monotone real formulas and circuits. We give an exponential lower bound for tree‐like monotone protocols (defined in [4, Definition 2.2]) of small real communication complexity solving the monotone communication complexity problem associated with the bipartite perfect matching problem. This work is motivated by a research in interpolation theorems for prepositional logic (by a problem posed in [5, Section 8], in particular). Our main objective is to extend the communication complexity approach of [4, 5] to a wider class of proof systems. In this direction we obtain an effective interpolation in a form of a protocol of small real communication complexity. Together with the above mentioned lower bound for tree‐like protocols this yields as a corollary a lower bound on the number of steps for particular semantic derivations of Hall's theorem (these include tree‐like cutting planes proofs for which an exponential lower bound was demonstrated in [2]).
The Analytic Polynomial‐Time Hierarchy
Authors: Baier Herbert , Wagner Klaus W. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractMotivated by results on interactive proof systems we investigate an ∃‐∀hierarchy over P using word quantifiers as well as two types of set quantifiers. This hierarchy, which extends the (arithmetic) polynomial‐time hierarchy, is called the analytic polynomial‐time hierarchy. It is shown that every class of this hierarchy coincides with one of the following Classes: ∑, Π(k⩾0), PSPACE, ∑or Π(k⩾1). This improves previous results by Orponen [6] and allows interesting comparisons with the above mentioned results on inter‐active proof systems.
Free Algebras in Certain Varieties of Distributive Pseudocomplemented De Morgan Algebras
Authors: Gaitán Hernando 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIn this paper we characterize the join irreducible elements of the free algebras onnfree generators in the subvarieties of the varietyV0of pseudocomplemented De Morgan algebras satisfying the identityxx′* = (xx′*)′*.
Clinical diagnostic criteria for dementia associated with Parkinson's disease
Authors: Emre Murat , Aarsland Dag , Brown Richard , Burn David J. , Duyckaerts Charles , Mizuno Yoshikino , Broe Gerald Anthony , Cummings Jeffrey , Dickson Dennis W. , Gauthier Serge , Goldman Jennifer , Goetz Christopher , Korczyn Amos , Lees Andrew , Levy Richard , Litvan Irene , McKeith Ian , Olanow Warren , Poewe Werner , Quinn Niall , Sampaio Christina , Tolosa Eduardo , Dubois Bruno 
Published: May 2007

AbstractDementia has been increasingly more recognized to be a common feature in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), especially in old age. Specific criteria for the clinical diagnosis of dementia associated with PD (PD‐D), however, have been lacking. A Task Force, organized by the Movement Disorder Study, was charged with the development of clinical diagnostic criteria for PD‐D. The Task Force members were assigned to sub‐committees and performed a systematic review of the literature, based on pre‐defined selection criteria, in order to identify the epidemiological, clinical, auxillary, and pathological features of PD‐D. Clinical diagnostic criteria were then developed based on these findings and group consensus. The incidence of dementia in PD is increased up to six times, point‐prevelance is close to 30%, older age and akinetic‐rigid form are associated with higher risk. PD‐D is characterized by impairment in attention, memory, executive and visuo‐spatial functions, behavioral symptoms such as affective changes, hallucinations, and apathy are frequent. There are no specific ancillary investigations for the diagnosis; the main pathological correlate is Lewy body‐type degeneration in cerebral cortex and limbic structures. Based on the characteristic features associated with this condition, clinical diagnostic criteria for probable and possible PD‐D are proposed. © 2007 Movement Disorder Society
Group invariant solution for axisymmetric spreading of a thin fluid film with slip at the fluid–base interface
Authors: Mason D. P. , Chung M. Y. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe axisymmetric spreading of a thin fluid film with slip at the horizontal base is investigated. A nonlinear diffusion equation is derived which relates the height of the free surface to the slip velocity. The equation possesses a Lie point symmetry provided the slip velocity satisfies a first‐order quasi‐linear partial differential equation. Group invariant solutions are derived with no singularities at the moving contact line. Vortices can exist close to the axis or at the base. The thin film spreads by slipping at the base or by a rolling motion in the vicinity of the moving contact line. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Proportional representation: A trial resuscitation of a comatose patient
Authors: Petrie Bruce I. , Tuchfarber Alfred J. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractLast November, after a hiatus of more than 30 years, approximately 1,000 Cincinnati voters were invited to select candidates for city council using the Hare System of Proportional Representation (PR) In a unique exit‐poll experiment. The result: re‐adoption of PR in Cincinnati would necessitate changes in 1) how campaigns are conducted. 2) the size of party tickets, and 3) who gets elected. It might also affect how the city is governed.
Metropolitan governance: Citizen participation in the Urban federation
Authors: Henderson Lenneal J. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIn spite of their technical and professional reputations, regional councils of governments are both attracting and actively soliciting citizen input. The research presented in this article suggests that increasing diversity of representation in COGs has paralleled the empowerment in local governments of traditionally underrepresented populations. More importantly, COGs are making the transition from primary reliance on elected officials for policy formulation to more direct citizen involvement.
Hillsborough county: A comprehensive approach to productivity improvement
Authors: Bramson Ruth , Mayer Dick 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIn Hillsborough County, Florida, the installment of a productivity‐improvement program meant wholesale abandonment of “business as usual.” The four imperatives of the Hillsborough approach: 1) convey a clear sense of why change is necessary; 2) provide enabling resources; 3) create an organizational structure in which innovative individuals and teams can flourish; and 4) rearrange incentives to reward performance.
Local government reform: Its nature, impact, and relevance to regionalism
Authors: Svara James H. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractA primary goal of the progressive reform movement was and continues to be an expansion of leadership that will address the true needs of communities. In fact, reform institutions have had this impact. The practices long advocated for cities and counties are strikingly relevant to our urban regions as well: A “regional governance council.” adapted from the council‐manager form of government, should be considered for regions and metro areas.
Youth as resources in the fight against drugs
Authors: Calhoun John A. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractSociety tends to overlook youth until they cross a pathological line — get into trouble. The “youth as resources” approach encourages those interested in working with youth to “claim” and harness the energy of young people in carrying out valuable community projects. The three year‐old Youth as Resources Against Drugs pilot project has had measured positive effects on youth and agencies working with youth.
Reforming public practices and improving quality of life: The public speaks
Authors: Johnson Kathryn E. , Hochstein Madelyn , Grossman Wynne , Griffin Ellen 
Published: May 2007

AbstractPublic attitudes toward sound health and the surest means of achieving and sustaining it offer instructive insights into their perceptions of other, broad social and community challenges. Americans will incur significant sacrifices to enhance their quality of life and personal and family security, provided the burdens are shared fairly and public leaders dispense benefits and enforce obligations equitably.
Possible spectroscopic manifestation of the angular group induced bond alteration (AGIBA) effect in toluene
Authors: Kirillov S. A. , Morresi A. , Paolantoni M. , Sassi P. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe most obvious consequence of the concept of aromaticity is the common confidence that in aromatic compounds, bond lengths do not alternate and are between typical to the single and double ones. However, in 1994, performing crystal structure investigations of substituted pyridines and their salts, Krygowski and co‐workers have discovered a very surprising angular group induced bond alteration (AGIBA) effect: It appears that some angular substituents, like methoxy or nitrozo groups, can induce bond alternation in aromatic rings. Crystal studies do not allow one to operate with liquids that are more common in organic chemistry. This paper presents the first possible evidence of spectroscopic manifestations of the AGIBA effect. Raman spectra of the liquid toluene are analyzed. It is found that instead of being single, the line corresponding to the ring breathing vibrations is clearly split by 1.0–1.4 cm−1, thus indicating the presence of two (cis‐ and trans‐) AGIBA isomers. The energy difference between these isomers estimated in temperature dependent Raman studies is found equal to 6.68 kJ mol−1. The low‐wavenumber line therefore corresponds to the cis‐AGIBA isomer and the high‐wavenumber line to the trans‐AGIBA isomer stabilized by the AGIBA effect. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High power violet laser diodes with crack‐free layers on GaN substrates
Authors: Ito Shigetoshi , Kamikawa Takeshi , Ueta Yoshihiro , Takatani Kunihiro , Yamasaki Yukio , Yuasa Takayuki , Taneya Mototaka 
Published: May 2007

AbstractNitride based violet laser diodes grown on GaN substrates have been investigated. A grooved substrate, having a striped pattern with a pitch of 400 μm, has been prepared and epitaxial growth has been performed. No cracks have been observed in the epi‐layers. The violet laser device has been fabricated and characterised. At a pulsed output power of 210 mW, the operating current and the voltage have been 164 mA and 6.6 V, respectively. The mean‐time‐to‐failure has been estimated to be over 3000 h under pulsed condition with an output power of 210 mW at 80 °C. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Formation of atomic‐sized contacts controlled by electrochemical methods
Authors: Reyes Calvo M. , Mares Ancuta I. , Climent Victor , van Ruitenbeek Jan M. , Untiedt Carlos 
Published: May 2007

AbstractElectrochemical methods have recently become an interesting tool for fabricating and characterizing nanostructures at room temperature. Simplicity, low cost and reversibility are some of the advantages of this technique that allows to work at the nanoscale without requiring sophisticated instrumentation. In our experimental setup, we measure the conductance across a nanocontact fabricated either by dissolving a macroscopic gold wire or by depositing gold in between two separated gold electrodes. We have achieved a high level of control on the electrochemical fabrication of atomic‐sized contacts in gold. The use of electrochemistry as a reproducible technique to prepare nanocontacts will open several possibilities that are not feasible with other methodologies. It involves, also, the possibility of reproducing experiments that today are made by more expensive, complicated or irreversible methods. As example, we show here a comparison of the results when looking for shell effects in gold nanocontacts with those obtained by other techniques. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Formation of atomic‐sized contacts controlled by electrochemical methods
Authors: Reyes Calvo M. , Mares Ancuta I. , Climent Victor , van Ruitenbeek Jan M. , Untiedt Carlos 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe present special issue of physica status solidi (a) contains contributions from the TNT2006 – Trends in Nanotechnology Conference, held in Grenoble, France, 4–8 September 2006.Editor's Choice is the article by Reyes Calvo et al. [1], which reports on the possibilities of using electrochemical methods to form atomic‐sized contacts. In particular, the authors analyze previous attempts and propose improvements on several methods, in order to increase the control and the ease of preparation of the nanocontacts. The cover picture shows the electrochemical cell (1 cm in diameter) used for the experiments (left) with a schematic of the electronic circuit used. An artistic view of the atomic contact is depicted at the top. The lower right panel shows the last stages of the evolution of the conductance of a gold wire while being electrochemically etched. The last plateau of conductance corresponds to a one‐atom contact. The upper right panel shows the voltamogram of the wire prior to etching.This work was done mainly at the Low Temperatures & Nanotechnology Laboratory of the University of Alicante (Spain), lead by Dr. Carlos Untiedt. He is a “Ramon y Cajal” Researcher whose main research interest is the electronic transport in nanostructures, and in particular in atomic‐sized contacts.The issue also contains an Original Paper on scientific policy entitled “Nanotechnology applications: a driving force for R&D investment” [2], and a Feature Article presenting a report on the synthesis of luminescent silicon nanostructures by means of laser ablation techniques by Riabinia et al. [3]. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Stable husbands
Authors: Knuth Donald E. , Motwani Rajeev , Pittel Boris 
Published: May 2007

AbstractSuppose n boys and n girls rank each other at random. We show that any particular girl has at least (1/2 − ϵ) in n and at most (1 + ϵ) in n different husbands in the set of all Gale/Shapley stable matchings defined by these rankings, with probability approaching 1 as n → ∞, if ϵ is any positive constant. the proof emphasizes general methods that appear to be useful for the analysis of many other combinatorial algorithms.
On tree census and the giant component in sparse random graphs
Authors: Pittel Boris 
Published: May 2007

AbstractFor each of the two models of a sparse random graph on n vertices, G(n, # of edges = cn/2) and G(n, Prob (edge) = c/n) define tn(k) as the total number of tree components of size k (1 ≤ k ≤ n). the random sequence {[tn(k) ‐ nh(k)]n−1/2} is shown to be Gaussian in the limit n →∞, with h(k) = kk−2ck−1e−kc/k! and covariance function being dependent upon the model. This general result implies, in particular, that, for c> 1, the size of the giant component is asymptotically Gaussian, with mean nθ(c) and variance n(1 − T)−2(1 − 2Tθ)θ(1 − θ) for the first model and n(1 − T)−2θ(1 − θ) for the second model. Here Te−T = ce−c, T<1, and θ = 1 − T/c. A close technique allows us to prove that, for c < 1, the independence number of G(n, p = c/n) is asymptotically Gaussian with mean nc−1(β + β2/2) and variance n[c−1(β + β2/2) −c−2(c + 1)β2], where βeβ = c. It is also proven that almost surely the giant component consists of a giant two‐connected core of size about n(1 − T)β and a “mantle” of trees, and possibly few small unicyclic graphs, each sprouting from its own vertex of the core.
An application of Lovász' local lemma‐A new lower bound for the van der Waerden number
Authors: Szabó Zoltán 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe van der Waerden number W(n) is the smallest integer so that if we divide the integers {1,2, …, W(n)} into two classes, then at least one of them contains an arithmetic progression of length n. We prove in this paper that W(n) ≥ 2n/nϵ for all sufficiently large n.
A random tree model associated with random graphs
Authors: Aldous David 
Published: May 2007

AbstractGrow a tree on n vertices by starting with no edges and successively adding an edge chosen uniformly from the set of possible edges whose addition would not create a cycle. This process is closely related to the classical random graph process. We describe the asymptotic structure of the tree, as seen locally from a given vertex. In particular, we give an explicit expression for the asymptotic degree distribution. Our results an be applied to study the random minimum‐weight spanning tree question, when the edge‐weight distribution is allowed to vary almost arbitrarily with n.
On the expected performance of a parallel algorithm for finding maximal independent subsets of a random graph
Authors: Calkin Neil J. , Frieze A. M. , Kučera L. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractWe consider the parallel greedy algorithm of Coppersmith, Raghavan, and Tompa (Proc. of 28th Annual IEEE Symp. on Foundations of Computer Science, pp. 260–269, 1987) for finding the lexicographically first maximal independent set of a graph. We prove an Ω(log n) bound on the expected number of iterations for most edge densities. This complements the O(log n) bound proved in Calkin and Frieze (Random Structures and Algorithms, Vol. 1, pp. 39–50, 1990).