bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phase equilibria in the CaO‒Al2O3‒TiN system and CaO‒Al2O3‒Ti2O3‒TiN system at 1500°C
Authors: Qiu Jiyu , Li Wenjie , Liu Chengjun , Xie Xiaoxiang , Jiang Maofa 
Published: February 2025

AbstractNitride inclusions such as TiN and AlN often appear in the smelting process of aluminum‒titanium alloy steel. The phase diagram of nitrogen‐containing slag system is crucial for guiding the design of the denitrification slag system. In the present work, the high‐temperature equilibration‐quench experiment was employed, and the types and compositions of equilibrium phases were identified by electron probe micro analysis and X‐ray diffraction. The 1500°C isothermal section of CaO‒Al2O3‒TiN system and the 1500°C isothermal space phase diagram of CaO‒Al2O3‒Ti2O3‒TiN system in specific compositional ranges were constructed for the first time. Among them, the isothermal section of CaO‒Al2O3‒TiN system includes six three‐phase fields, one two‐phase field, and a single liquid phase field; the isothermal space phase diagram of CaO‒Al2O3‒Ti2O3‒TiN system includes four four‐phase fields, six three‐phase fields, six two‐phase fields, and a single liquid phase field. By comparison, it can be found that the CaO‒Al2O3‒Ti2O3 slag system has a higher equilibrium solubility of nitride than that of the CaO‒Al2O3 slag system. In addition, the dissolution type and the equilibrium solubility of nitride inclusions (AlN and TiN) in slag were analyzed and discussed using the experimental phase diagram of CaO‒Al2O3‒Ti2O3‒TiN system.
Weakly‐coupled barium titanate stannate‐based relaxors as energy storage materials
Authors: Kröll Eva , Devecioglu Lara , Salak Andrei N. , Piotrowsky Lukas , Shvartsman Vladimir V. , Lupascu Doru C. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractLead‐free relaxor ferroelectrics are promising materials for energy storage applications. To find new material systems for electrostatic capacitors, many researches have dedicated their work to formulate new ecologically safe compositions. In our study, we have prepared (1−x)Ba(Ti0.93Sn0.07)O3−xBiYO3 (BTS7‐BY) solid solutions via the solid‐state method. The parent composition, Ba(Ti0.93Sn0.07)O3 is a ferroelectric‐relaxor crossover material. It reduces its remanent polarization while still maintaining a high maximum polarization. Moderate substitution with BiYO3 further lowers the remanent polarization, resulting in slimmer polarization loops and increasing the energy storage efficiency to 90 %. Samples with x ≥ 0.06 show a true relaxor behavior with linear‐like polarization loops with character of weakly‐coupled relaxors. Breakdown strength measurements reveal a reduced breakdown strength with increasing BY content. Further investigations of the electrostriction, the band gap, and the electrical microstructure link the homogeneity and grain size of the microstructure to the resulting breakdown strength. This highlights the importance of a homogenous and small‐grained microstructure for enhancing the energy storage properties. Samples with x = 0.06 exhibit the best energy storage properties with a recoverable energy density of 1.11 J/cm3 at 189 kV/cm with an energy storage efficiency of 74%.
Feeding Specialisation Shapes Avian Functional Diversity Along a Tropical Rainforest Elevational Gradient
Authors: Korejs Kryštof , Koane Bonny , Jeppy Samuel , Jorge Leonardo Ré , Novotný Vojtěch , Sam Kateřina 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTAimAvian functional diversity in montane systems has been scrutinised by researchers seeking to uncover deterministic processes driving community assembly. However, many tropical rainforests lack fully surveyed elevational gradients that could inform on functional ecology of avian assemblages. Here we expand global coverage of elevational trends in bird functional diversity to the third largest contiguous rainforest in the world.LocationA 3500 m uninterrupted rainforest gradient in Papua New Guinea.TaxonBirds.MethodsWe conducted point‐count surveys of bird communities, sampling eight elevational sites from 200 m above sea level to the treeline at 3700 m. Functional diversity indices (functional richness, evenness, and divergence) were examined using Bayesian generalised additive models after standardising for bird species richness. Additionally, we analysed phylogenetic diversity and structure, and examined variation in individual functional traits, including feeding guild, morphology, and dispersal ability.ResultsFunctional richness declined sharply from the lowlands to 1700 m above sea level, followed by a weak decrease towards the treeline. Functional evenness decreased monotonically with elevation, while functional divergence increased at low elevations and again near the treeline. Phylogenetic diversity exhibited a monotonic decline accompanied by increased phylogenetic clustering at higher elevations. The mid‐elevation collapse of functional richness was likely caused by trophic interactions. Reduced the availability of large fruits caused declines in frugivore body size and beak dimensions, while high abundance of invertebrates favoured functionally uniform insectivores. Near the treeline, bird communities displayed morphological shifts towards terrestrial lifestyles with reduced dispersal ability, suggesting environmental filtering by forest structure.Main ConclusionsBy examining trends in individual functional traits, we highlight the role of trophic interactions in shaping avian functional diversity in tropical montane systems. Similar research using robust trait data can deepen our understanding of ecosystem functions and guide conservation strategies for different functional groups of birds across tropical regions.
‘Less Knowledge, Better Experience’: Examining the Expertise Reversal Effect in Learning With Instructor‐Generated Drawings
Authors: Tian Yuan , Liu Zhongjian , Liu Hainuo , Fang Min 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundOnline videos featuring human‐generated drawing are increasingly popular in education. However, their effectiveness may vary depending on learners' prior knowledge, and further research is needed to confirm their advantages over other common instructional videos.ObjectivesThe primary goal of this study is to investigate the impact of instructional video formats on learners' outcomes and experiences, and to further explore the interaction between video formats and prior knowledge.MethodsIn a 2 × 3 between‐subjects design, 144 college students were divided into two groups based on their (high vs. low) prior knowledge levels and then randomly assigned to different video format conditions. Students listened to oral explanations from the instructor while viewing either dynamic instructor hand‐drawn diagrams (instructor‐generated visuals), dynamic PowerPoint diagrams (PPT visuals), or static diagrams identical to the PPT visuals (static visuals). Finally, we measured learners' outcomes (i.e., retention and transfer scores) and experiences (i.e., emotion and cognitive load).ResultsViewing dynamic visuals have a significant facilitating effect on learning compared to static visuals. Moreover, the expertise reversal effect was confirmed. Specifically, for learners with low prior knowledge, the retention test scores and learning experiences of students viewing instructor‐generated dynamic visuals outperformed those viewing dynamic PPT visuals and static visuals. For learners with high levels of prior knowledge, no significant differences are observed between the groups. Finally, we found that students' emotional experiences significantly mediated the relationship between instructor‐generated visuals and learning outcomes.ConclusionsThese results indicate that the choice of instructional videos should align with learners' prior knowledge and emphasises the importance of learning experiences.
Multi‐task AI models in dermatology: Overcoming critical clinical translation challenges for enhanced skin lesion diagnosis
Authors: Mehta Deval , Primiero Clare , Betz‐Stablein Brigid , Nguyen Toan D. , Gal Yaniv , Bowling Adrian , Haskett Martin , Sashindranath Maithili , Bonnington Paul , Mar Victoria , Soyer H. Peter , Ge Zongyuan 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBackgroundThe surge in AI models for diagnosing skin lesions through image analysis is notable, yet their clinical implementation faces challenges. Common limitations include an over reliance on dermoscopy, lack of real‐world applicability when only binary output (e.g. benign/malignant) is offered and low accuracy when faced with rare skin conditions.ObjectiveTo address these common constraints associated with limited diagnostic output, and applicability to real‐world settings.MethodsWe developed an All‐In‐One Hierarchical‐Out of Distribution‐Clinical Triage (HOT) AI model for skin lesion analysis. Trained on a large dataset of ~208,000 lesion images, our HOT AI model generates three outputs: a hierarchical three‐level prediction, an alert for out‐of‐distribution (OOD) images and a recommendation for dermoscopy to improve diagnostic prediction.ResultsOur hierarchical prediction output provides a binary level 1 prediction (benign/malignant), Level 2 prediction of eight possible categories (e.g. melanocytic and keratinocytic) and a more definitive Level 3 prediction from 44 lesion categories. The model produced high sensitivity for Level 1 prediction (88.14% CI: 87.42–88.51); however, significantly lower for Level 3 prediction (63.90%, CI: 62.27–65.61). By relying on all three prediction levels for consensus, Level 1 false‐positives were reduced by 20–25%, and false‐negatives were decreased by 11–13% of cases. OOD detection was benchmarked against previous landmark models and outperformed comparative models. Lastly, 44% of images were recommended for dermoscopy, and with additional image input, Level 3 sensitivity increased from 48.13% (CI:45.08–49.57) to 52.54% (CI:50.25–55.04).ConclusionOur HOT‐AI model attempts to address common challenges in existing models by combining three tasks in one model to increase accuracy and clinical utility. By providing a more nuanced prediction, and alert for OOD, the model output provides greater explainability of the AI decision process. Prospective clinical testing is required to measure how this additional output impacts user trust, and how the model performs in a real‐world setting.
Trajectories and Influencing Factors of Self‐Management Behaviour in Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Li Lingjia , Lan Xiangzhou , Zeng Weike , Chen Miao , Xue Ke , Chen Qing 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTAimTo explore the trajectory of self‐management behaviour and its influencing factors in patients with knee osteoarthritis.DesignThis is a prospective, longitudinal observational study.MethodsFrom January 2024 to April 2024, 126 patients with knee osteoarthritis who were hospitalized in two tertiary‐level hospitals in Hunan Province were selected to be surveyed on the day of discharge, 1 month after discharge and 3 months after discharge using the Chinese version of the Chronic Disease Self‐Management Research Measurement Scale. The trajectories of self‐management behaviours were performed using latent category growth analysis. The influencing factors were performed using Lasso regression.ResultsTwo classes were identified, including ‘slow decline class’ (37.1%) and ‘significant decline class’ (62.9%). Age, education, history of knee surgery and number of other chronic diseases combined were significant factors. Finally, older patients were more likely to be in the ‘significant decline group’ and patients with a history of knee surgery were more likely to be in the ‘slow decline group’.ConclusionWe reported the existence of heterogeneity in self‐management trajectories in patients with KOA and found that younger age and history of knee surgery were significantly associated with slow decline class trajectories. Further studies are needed to test the generalizability of these identified self‐management trajectories in patients with KOA and their association with psychosocial aspects.Implications for the Profession and Patient CareTo identify the trajectory of self‐management behaviours of patients with KOA and explore their influencing factors, to provide reference for healthcare professionals to formulate targeted intervention programmes, so as to prevent the recurrence of knee osteoarthritis and delay the course of the disease.Reporting MethodSTROBE checklist was followed.Patient or Public ContributionThe authors would specially thank all the participants in this study.
Unilateral Blepharoptosis Combined With Malignant Exophthalmos After Botulinum Toxin Injection to Glabellar Lines: A Case Report
Authors: Zou Junli , Li Zhen , Li Xiaozhen , Cai Hong 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe ocular adverse reactions caused by the diffusion of BoNT‐A injection are self‐limiting, with symptoms ameliorating over time. Thyroid‐associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) is an autoimmune disease characterized by symptoms such as exophthalmos, diplopia, and eyelid retraction, which may overlap the side effects of BoNT‐A injections. It is crucial to consider other ocular diseases when assessing side effects after BoNT‐A injection, particularly in patients with a history of thyroid disease.AimsTo describe a complicated case of concurrent malignant exophthalmos and unilateral blepharoptosis following an additional dosage of BoNT‐A injection for glabellar wrinkles.PatientA 58‐year‐old female patient received BoNT‐A injection for glabellar wrinkles. Two weeks later, the patient requested an additional dose of BoNT‐A to enhance the effects, receiving an extra 8 units BoNT‐A in the brow muscles. Twenty days later, she presented with a ptosis in the left eye, which progressively manifested into symptoms of exophthalmos, uncoordinated movement, blurred vision, and double vision. Ultimately, she was diagnosed with malignant exophthalmos.ResultsThe blepharoptosis following BoNT‐A injection typically manifests a significant improvement within 1–3 months. However, if the symptoms of ptosis persist without evident amelioration and are accompanied by additional ocular discomfort, particularly in patients with thyroid disease, the potential presence of concomitant TAO should be considered.ConclusionsThis report highlights the potential relationship between botulinum toxin and thyroid disease, emphasizing the complexity of complications following cosmetic injections. Clinicians should carefully take the history of a patient, thereby facilitating better identification and management of potential complications.
The FUS/COL11A1/ZEB1 Axis Contributes to the Development of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Zhou Tianyuan , Liu Shuang , Shi Lixin , Zhang Lei 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTObjectiveOral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a common type of head and neck cancer with high metastasis rate and poor prognosis. This study aimed to explore the role of collagen type XI alpha 1 (COL11A1) and its detailed mechanisms in OSCC progression.MethodsQuantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR) analysis was used to measure the level of COL11A1, fused in sarcoma/translocated in liposarcoma (FUS) and zinc finger E‐box binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1). The protein expression of COL11A1, E‐cadherin, N‐cadherin, FUS, and ZEB1 were detected using Western blot. 3‐(4,5‐dimethyl‐2‐thiazolyl)‐2,5‐diphenyl‐2‐H‐tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and 5‐Ethynyl‐2′‐deoxyuridine (EdU) staining assays were conducted to measure cell proliferation. Cell migration and invasion were evaluated via wound‐healing assay and transwell migration and invasion assays, respectively. Moreover, epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) was determined via detecting the expression of EMT‐related proteins, including E‐cadherin and N‐cadherin. RNA immunoprecipitation assay was conducted to evaluate the relationship between ZEB1 and COL11A1. In vivo animal experiments were carried out to explore the role of COL11A1 in OSCC mice, and immunohistochemistry assay was performed to detect the level of ZEB1 and EMT‐related proteins in tumor tissues from mice.ResultsCOL11A1 was augmented in OSCC tissues and cells. COL11A1 knockdown significantly inhibited cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and EMT in OSCC cells. FUS was increased in OSCC tissues. FUS stabilized the mRNA level of COL11A1 and positively regulated the protein expression of COL11A1. ZEB1 was highly expressed in OSCC tissues, and COL11A1directly targeted ZEB1. The inhibition effects of COL11A1 knockdown on cell proliferation, invasion, migration, and EMT were reversed by ZEB1 overexpression in OSCC cells. Additionally, COL11A1 depletion markedly repressed tumor growth through decreasing ZEB1 expression in vivo.ConclusionFUS stabilized COL11A1 to promote the malignant progression of OSCC via regulating ZEB1 expression.
Recovery and Response: Responding to Mental Health Needs That Emerged in the Wake of the COVID‐19 Pandemic in Chicago Public Schools
Authors: Liu Julia , Marshall B. , Cisneros K. , Jarpe‐Ratner E. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe COVID‐19 pandemic elevated mental health needs among students. As such, in 2022 Chicago Public Schools (CPS) introduced the Comprehensive Mental Health and Suicide Prevention Policy to deliver mental health awareness and services to all pK‐12th grade students. While transitioning back to in‐person learning, an evaluation was conducted in the 2022‐2023 school year to identify current practices and barriers of delivery, and identify lessons learned to support the policy in schools.MethodsInterviews were conducted with 30 staff members who delivered mental health services. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and thematically coded.ResultsThemes identified in the interview highlighted barriers to providing mental health supports included: 1) overwhelming number of mental health cases with limited time and capacity; 2) mental health stigma among families and staff, and 3) the lack of diversity representation among mental health professionals in schools and the communities. Implications for School Health Policy, Practice, and Equity: CPS prioritized and elevated awareness of resources, training sessions and policies guidance through toolkits, newsletters, mandated trainings, and communication about new state mental health laws.ConclusionsThe pandemic disrupted mental health services and illuminated critical barriers to access. CPS' Office of Student Health and Wellness used these findings to provide additional training and technical assistance for staff, families, and the community.
A Preliminary Investigation Into the Use of AI‐Generated Food Images in a Survey Asking About Consumer Perception of Appeal, Naturalness, Healthiness, and Willingness to Consume
Authors: Stright Allison , Sloan Gabrielle , Code Matthew , Gorman Mackenzie , Moss Rachael , McSweeney Matthew B. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTFood images generated using artificial intelligence (AI) are becoming more common in research, and in the everyday world. The objective of this study was to identify how consumers' perception of a food image (AI‐generated or a genuine image), influenced their perception and emotional response to the food. Participants (n = 154) were asked to look at ten different images (five were AI‐generated and five were genuine (referred to as standard images)) of food items common to those living in Atlantic Canada. The participants were asked to evaluate their willingness to consume, the healthiness, the naturalness, the appeal, and their perception of AI use for each image. The study also assessed their emotional response to the images. The results found the participants were able to identify when an image was created using an AI generator. The participants' perception of AI was negatively correlated to participants' willingness to consume the food product, as well as their perception of the healthiness, naturalness, and appeal of the product. Furthermore, the participants' emotional response was different when evaluating AI generated images compared to standard images. The results highlight the use of AI‐generated images in surveys can influence the participants perception, but this topic needs to be further explored in future studies.
Phenotype‐Specific Semi‐Mechanistic Modelling of Florfenicol Time‐Kill Curves in G. Parasuis Compared to Other Respiratory Pathogens
Authors: Mead Andrew , Hughes Abigail , Azzariti Stefano , Toutain Pierre‐Louis , Pelligand Ludovic 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThis study examines the pharmacodynamics (PD) of florfenicol (FFN) for treating porcine respiratory diseases by comparing its effects on Glaesserella parasuis, Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae and Pasteurella multocida. In vitro time‐kill assays and semi‐mechanistic PD modeling were used to assess bacterial growth and killing rates at varying FFN concentrations. Species‐specific PD models indicated that fAUC/MIC was the best PK/PD index across all species. A. pleuropneumoniae and P. multocida had target values of 1.05 and 1.66 × MIC, respectively for bacteriostasis and 1.12 and 1.87 × MIC for 99.9% kill. Two phenotypes of G. parasuis emerged “fast‐kill” and “slow‐kill” which displayed distinct bacterial eradication rates despite similar MICs. For “slow‐kill” isolates, an average free drug concentration (fAUC/MIC) of 1.46 and 1.63 × MIC (median, range: 1.53–1.69) was required for bacteriostasis and 99.9% kill. “Fast‐kill” isolates needed an average free drug concentration of 1.38 × MIC for bacteriostasis and 1.51 × MIC for a 99.9% reduction. Indicating that the rate of kill influences the respective average free concentration required to achieve an equivalent antibacterial effect. Simulations of clinical dosing of FFN predicted bacterial eradication for all species, highlighting the value of phenotype‐specific PD modeling in guiding treatment strategies for porcine respiratory infections.
Culture‐Independent Species‐Level Taxonomic and Functional Characterisation of Bacteroides, the Core Bacterial Genus Within Reptile Guts
Authors: Hoffbeck Carmen , Middleton Danielle M. R. L. , Wallbank Jessica A. , Boey Jian S. , Taylor Michael W. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe genus Bacteroides is a widespread and abundant bacterial taxon associated with gut microbiotas. Species within Bacteroides fill many niches, including as mutualists, commensals and pathogens for their hosts. Within many reptiles, Bacteroides is a dominant, ‘core’ gut bacterium that sometimes exhibits increased abundance in times of food scarcity, such as during hibernation. Here, we take a two‐pronged approach to better characterise Bacteroides populations in reptile guts. Firstly, we leverage published 16S rRNA gene sequence datasets to determine the species‐level distributions of Bacteroides members in reptile hosts. Secondly, we mine publicly available metagenomes to extract data for Bacteroides from reptiles, birds, amphibians and mammals, to compare the functional potential of Bacteroides in different host taxa. The 16S rRNA gene analyses revealed that B. acidifaciens is the most common Bacteroides species in reptile guts, and that different orders of reptiles differ in which Bacteroides species they harbour. The taxonomy of Bacteroides species recovered from metagenomic assembly did not differ between reptile orders or substantially across birds, amphibians and mammals. Metagenome‐assembled genomes for Bacteroides species were marginally more related when their hosts were more closely related, with reptile hosts in particular harbouring markedly more unique Bacteroides MAGs compared to other hosts. Our findings indicate that hosts harbour similar profiles of Bacteroides species across broad comparisons, but with some differences between reptile groups, and that Bacteroides appears to perform largely similar roles in vertebrate host guts regardless of host relatedness.