bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Linear passive stationary scattering systems with Pontryagin state spaces
Authors: Arov D. Z. , Rovnyak J. , Saprikin S. M. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractPassive scattering systems having Pontryagin state spaces and their minimal conservative dilations are investigated. The transfer functions of passive scattering systems are generalized Schur functions. In the case of a simple conservative system, the right and left Kreĭn–Langer factorizations of the transfer function correspond to natural cascade syntheses of systems. A generalization of Sz.–Nagy and Foias criteria for a cascade synthesis of two simple conservative systems to be simple is obtained for systems with Pontryagin state spaces. It is shown that the state space of a simple passive system admits certain unique fundamental decompositions, which give rise to a notion of stability and a characterization of simple conservative systems whose transfer functions have unitary boundary values a.e. on the unit circle. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Convergence to steady states of solutions of the Cahn–Hilliard and Caginalp equations with dynamic boundary conditions
Authors: Chill Ralph , Fašangová Eva , Prüss Jan 
Published: September 2006

AbstractWe consider a solution of the Cahn–Hilliard equation or an associated Caginalp problem with dynamic boundary condition in the case of a general potential and prove that under some conditions on the potential it converges, as t → ∞, to a stationary solution. The main tool will be the Łojasiewicz–Simon inequality for the underlying energy functional. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Sobolev embeddings for Riesz potential space of variable exponent
Authors: Futamura Toshihide , Mizuta Yoshihiro , Shimomura Tetsu 
Published: September 2006

AbstractOur aim in this paper is to deal with Sobolev embeddings for Riesz potential spaces of variable exponent. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Geometry and dynamics of some meromorphic functions
Authors: Kotus Janina , Urbański Mariusz 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThemeromorphic maps fλ (z) = λ (1 – exp(–2z))–1, λ > 0, of the complex plane are thoroughly investigated. With each map fλ associated is its projection Fλ on the infinite cylinder Q. This map and the set Jr (Fλ) consisting of those points in the cylinder Q whose ω ‐limit set under Fλ is not contained in the set {0, –∞} will form the primary objects of our interest in this article. Let hλ = HD(Jr (Fλ)) be the Hausdorff dimension of Jr (Fλ). We prove that hλ ∈ (1, 2). The hλ ‐dimensional Hausdorff measure Hhλ of Jr (Fλ) is proven to be positive and finite. The hλ ‐dimensional packing measure of Jr (Fλ) is shown to be locally infinite at every point of this set. There exists a unique Borel probability Fλ ‐invariant measure μλ on Jr (Fλ) absolutely continuous with respect to the Hausdorff measure Hhλ. This measure turns out to be ergodic and equivalent to Hhλ. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Radius problems for holomorphic mappings on the unit ball in Cn
Authors: Graham Ian , Hamada Hidetaka , Kohr Gabriela 
Published: September 2006

AbstractIn this paper we obtain certain results related to radius of starlikeness, convexity, parametric representation and Bloch radius for some classes of holomorphic mappings on the unit ball B n in ℂn . In particular, we consider the class ℳ︁ of mappings of “positive real part” and some related classes. We also consider two classes of mappings defined by coefficient inequalities. In the last section we consider the complex Hilbert space case of certain results which are treated in the previous sections. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Littlewood–Paley characterizations for Hardy spaces on spaces of homogeneous type
Authors: Han Yongsheng , Müller Detlef , Yang Dachun 
Published: September 2006

AbstractLet (𝒳, d,μ) be a space of homogeneous type in the sense of Coifman and Weiss. Assuming that μ satisfies certain estimates from below and there exists a suitable Calderón reproducing formula in L 2(𝒳), the authors establish a Lusin‐area characterization for the atomic Hardy spaces H p at(𝒳) of Coifman and Weiss for p ∈ (p 0, 1], where p 0 = n /(n + ε 1) depends on the “dimension” n of 𝒳 and the “regularity” ε 1 of the Calderón reproducing formula. Using this characterization, the authors further obtain a Littlewood–Paley g *λ ‐function characterization for Hp (𝒳) when λ > n + 2n /p and the boundedness of Calderón–Zygmund operators on Hp (𝒳). The results apply, for instance, to Ahlfors n ‐regular metric measure spaces, Lie groups of polynomial volume growth and boundaries of some unbounded model domains of polynomial type in ℂN . (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Energy Transfer from Locally Excited π* to Charge Transfer Ground States in a Silylene–π Hetero‐Junction Polymer
Authors: Kwak Giseop , Takagi Akiko , Fujiki Michiya 
Published: September 2006

AbstractSummary: The silylene–π conjugating polymer, poly(di‐n‐hexylsilylenephenylene‐ethynylenephenylene) (1) adopted a fairly flexible coil‐like conformation due to the bent structure of silylene moiety and showed a unique photoexcited energy transfer behavior. The UV‐vis absorption and steady‐state/time‐resolved photoluminescence studies revealed the occurrence of an intramolecular photoexcited energy transfer (IET) between locally excited π* to charge transfer ground states as well as an intramolecular charge transfer (ICT).The silylene–π conjugating polymer, poly(di‐n‐hexylsilylenephenylene‐ethynylenephenylene) showing a unique photoexcited energy transfer behavior.magnified imageThe silylene–π conjugating polymer, poly(di‐n‐hexylsilylenephenylene‐ethynylenephenylene) showing a unique photoexcited energy transfer behavior.
Porphyrinated Nanofibers via Copolymerization and Electrospinning
Authors: Wan Ling‐Shu , Wu Jian , Xu Zhi‐Kang 
Published: September 2006

AbstractSummary: The first example of the synthesis of acrylonitrile copolymers with porphyrin pendants and the subsequent electrospinning of the resultant copolymers into nanofibers is presented in this communication. Vinyl porphyrin monomers have been synthesized and copolymerized with acrylonitrile through solution polymerization. FT‐IR, NMR, UV‐vis, and fluorescence spectroscopy are used to characterize the copolymers. Preliminary quantum chemical calculations have also been carried out to reveal the activity of the vinyl porphyrin monomers. Nanofibers with a diameter of around 330 nm are prepared by electrospinning the copolymer solutions. Their morphology and porphyrination are clearly observed by field‐emission scanning electron microscopy and fluorescence microscopy. It is speculated that this type of nanofiber may be a latent support of porphyrins for various purposes such as catalysis, molecular imprinting, sensors, and light/energy conversion.The formation of luminescent nanofibers from porphyrinated polymers.magnified imageThe formation of luminescent nanofibers from porphyrinated polymers.
Isoconversional Kinetic Analysis of Thermally Stimulated Processes in Polymers
Authors: Vyazovkin Sergey , Sbirrazzuoli Nicolas 
Published: September 2006

AbstractSummary:Isoconversional kinetic analysis involves evaluating a dependence of the effective activation energy on conversion or temperature and using this dependence for making kinetic predictions and for exploring the mechanisms of thermally stimulated processes. The paper discusses major results obtained by the authors in the area of the isoconversional analysis of polymer kinetics over the past decade. It provides a brief introduction to isoconversional methods and surveys the impact made by isoconversional analysis in several application areas that include kinetic predictions, thermal degradation, crosslinking (curing), glass transition, and glass and melt crystallization. It is concluded that isoconversional analysis has been used broadly and fruitfully because it presents a fortunate compromise between the single‐step Arrhenius kinetic treatments and the prevalent occurrence of processes whose kinetics are multi‐step and/or non‐Arrhenius.An isoconversional method applies the Arrhenius equation to a narrow temperature region, ΔTrelated to a given extent of conversion.magnified imageAn isoconversional method applies the Arrhenius equation to a narrow temperature region, ΔTrelated to a given extent of conversion.
Matrix‐free methods for laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry
Authors: Peterson Dominic S. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractMatrix assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) is a soft ionization mass spectrometric method that has become a preeminent technique in the analysis of a wide variety of compounds including polymers and proteins. The main drawback of MALDI is that it is difficult to analyze low molecular weight compounds (<1,000 m/z) because the matrix that allows MALDI to work interferes in this mass range. In recent years there has been considerable interest in developing laser desorption/ionization (LDI) techniques for the analysis of small molecules. This review examines the approaches to matrix‐free LDI mass spectrometry including desorption/ionization on silicon (DIOS), sol‐gels, and carbon‐based microstructures. For the purposes of this review matrix‐free methods are defined as those that do not require matrix to be mixed with the analyte and therefore does not require co‐crystallization. The review will also examine mechanisms of ionization and applications of matrix‐free LDI‐MS. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., Mass Spec Rev 26:19–34, 2007
Application of capillary electrophoresis mass spectrometry to the characterization of bacterial lipopolysaccharides
Authors: Li Jianjun , Richards James C. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractCapillary electrophoresis (CE) is a high‐resolution technique for the separation of complex biological mixtures and has been widely applied to biological analyses. The coupling of capillary electrophoresis with mass spectrometry (MS) provides a powerful approach for rapid identification of target analytes present at trace levels in biological matrices, and for structural characterization of complex biomolecules. Here we review the analytical potential of combined capillary electrophoresis electrospray mass spectrometry (CE‐MS) for the analysis of bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS). This hyphened methodology facilitates the determination of closely related LPS glycoform and isoform families by exploiting differences in their unique molecular conformations and ionic charge distributions by electrophoretic separation. On‐line CE‐MS also provides an additional avenue to improve detection limits, which has been successfully applied to directly probe oligosaccharide LPS glycoform populations of bacteria isolated from infected animal models without the need for further passage. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., Mass Spec Rev 26:35–50, 2007
Nephropathy and defective spermatogenesis in mice transgenic for a single isoform of the Wilms' tumour suppressor protein, WT1−KTS, together with one disrupted Wt1 Allele
Authors: Lahiri Diya , Dutton James R. , Duarte Antonio , Moorwood Kim , Graham Christopher F. , Ward Andrew 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe Wilms' tumour suppressor protein, WT1, is a zinc finger protein essential for the development of several organs, including the kidney and gonads. In each of these tissues WT1 is required at multiple stages of development and its persistent expression in podocytes and Sertoli cells suggests WT1 may also have a role in the maintenance of kidney and testis function throughout adult life. Naturally occurring isoforms of WT1 are generated by alternative mRNA splicing. An altered ratio of the splice isoforms WT1−KTS and WT1 + KTS appears to be sufficient to account for the developmental abnormalities (pseudohermaphroditism and nephropathy) characteristic of Frasier syndrome. We show that mice with a transgene encoding WT1−KTS do not differ from their wild‐type littermates unless they are also heterozygous for a null mutation at the endogenous Wt1 locus. Animals with both genetic modifications develop proteinuria, together with multiple glomerular cysts, and male infertility. These pathologic changes may be explained as a consequence of altering the WT1 isoform ratio in tissues that express WT1 during adulthood. The results suggest WT1 misexpression could contribute to human glomerulocystic kidney disease. Mol. Reprod. Dev. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synergistic induction of apoptosis in primary rat decidual cells by INF‐γ and TNF
Authors: Almeida A. , Correia‐da‐Silva G. , Cepa M. , Bell S.C. , Teixeira N.A. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractIn the rat, in response to blastocyst implantation, stromal cells of the endometrium proliferate and differentiate into decidual cells, forming the decidua. After reaching its maximum development, the decidua undergoes regression. This phenomenon appears to be due to an active process involving apoptosis. As there is sparse knowledge concerning the mechanisms of induction of decidual cell death, the potential role of cytokines present in the uterine environment during pregnancy, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interferon‐γ (INF‐γ) was explored in primary cultures of rat decidual cells. The effects of these factors upon cellular viability, nuclear morphologic alterations, expression, and enzymatic activities of the effector caspases‐3/7 were evaluated. The results obtained demonstrated that in contrast to TNF, which did not induce any alteration, INF‐γ and in association with TNF caused a decrease in cell viability and an increase in the appearance of apoptotic bodies in a time‐dependent manner that was augmented in the co‐presence of TNF. An increase in caspase‐3/7 activities after 12 hr of TNF/INF‐γ treatment was also observed. These findings suggest that INF‐γ expressed in the uterine environment may play an important role in regulating apoptosis through potential synergistic mechanisms with TNF and thereby modulate decidual stability and regression during pregnancy. Mol. Reprod. Dev. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
High iNOS mRNA and protein levels during early third trimester suggest a role for NO in prelabor cervical ripening in the bovine
Authors: Aalberts Marian , van Dissel‐Emiliani Federica M.F. , van Tol Helena T.A. , Taverne Marcel A.M. , Breeveld‐Dwarkasing Vidya N.A. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractNitric oxide (NO) plays a key role in the processes leading to cervical softening prior to labor. Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) contributes most to the increased production of NO during labor, as demonstrated in the rat cervix, or at term pregnancy in women. Changes in expression of iNOS during late gestation have not yet been studied longitudinally in any species, because repeatedly taking biopsies could not be performed. iNOS mRNA (n = 6) and protein expression (n = 3) in serial cervical biopsies of pregnant pluriparous cows taken around days 225, 250, and 275 of pregnancy and within 1.5 hr after calving (d225, d250, d275 and parturition biopsies, respectively) were measured using quantitative RT‐PCR and Western blotting. iNOS mRNA expression decreased from the d225 biopsy onwards, differences being significant between the d250 and d275 (P < 0.05) and between the d275 and parturition biopsies (P < 0.05). iNOS protein expression decreased from d225 to d250 onwards. Immunohistochemical analysis of biopsies showed, besides positive staining in endothelium and epithelium, which remained unchanged at different time points, that iNOS expressing cells in the connective tissue cells of early biopsies were predominantly spindle shaped (mostly smooth muscle cells and some fibroblasts). In the parturition biopsies, iNOS reactivity was mainly found in mononuclear leucocytes. These results lead us to suggest that iNOS from spindle shaped cells is involved in prepartum cervical ripening, while iNOS in mononuclear inflammatory cells may be important for local tissue repair mechanisms during postpartum cervical involution. Mol. Reprod. Dev. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Structural abnormalities in spermatids together with reduced sperm counts and motility underlie the reproductive defect in HIP1−/− mice
Authors: Khatchadourian Karine , Smith Charles E. , Metzler Martina , Gregory Mary , Hayden Michael R. , Cyr Daniel G. , Hermo Louis 
Published: September 2006

AbstractHuntingtin interacting protein 1 (HIP1) is an endocytic adaptor protein with clathrin assembly activity that binds to cytoplasmic proteins, such as F‐actin, tubulin, and huntingtin (htt). To gain insight into diverse functions of HIP1, we characterized the male reproductive defect of HIP1−/− mice from 7 to 30 weeks of age. High levels of HIP1 protein were expressed in the testis of wild‐type mice as seen by Western blots and as a reaction over Sertoli cells and elongating spermatids as visualized by immunocytochemistry. Accordingly, major structural abnormalities were evident in HIP1−/− mice with vacuolation of seminiferous tubules caused by an apparent loss of postmeiotic spermatids and a significant reduction in mean profile area. Remaining spermatids revealed deformations of their heads, flagella, and/or acrosomes. In some Sertoli cells, ectoplasmic specializations (ES) were absent or altered in appearance accounting for the presence of spherical germ cells in the epididymal lumen. Quantitative analyses of sperm counts from the cauda epididymidis demonstrated a significant decrease in HIP1−/− mice compared to wild‐type littermates. In addition, computer‐assisted sperm analyses indicated that velocities, amplitude of lateral head displacements (ALH), and numbers and percentages of sperm in the motile, rapid, and progressive categories were all significantly reduced in HIP1−/− mice, while the numbers and percentages of sperm in the static category were greatly increased. Taken together, these various abnormalities corroborate reduced fertility levels in HIP1−/− mice and suggest a role for HIP1 in stabilizing actin and microtubules, which are important cytoskeletal elements enabling normal spermatid and Sertoli cell morphology and function. Mol. Reprod. Dev. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Double trouble (McArdle's disease and myasthenia gravis): How can exercise help?
Authors: Lucia Alejandro , Maté‐Muñoz José L. , Pérez Margarita , Foster Carl , Gutiérrez‐Rivas Eduardo , Arenas Joaquín 
Published: September 2006

AbstractWe report a 29‐year‐old patient with McArdle's disease and myasthenia gravis. She had been debilitated with McArdle's disease since childhood (with marked rhabdomyolysis) and was obese. Myasthenia gravis was diagnosed at 24 years of age. After 3 months of aerobic exercise training, her exercise capacity increased significantly and she regained the ability to live independently. We conclude that even patients with profound neuromuscular diseases may benefit from carefully prescribed exercise training. Muscle Nerve, 2006
Celiac disease and antibodies associated with celiac disease in patients with inflammatory myopathy
Authors: Selva‐O'Callaghan Albert , Casellas Francesc , de Torres Ines , Palou Eduard , Grau‐Junyent Josep M. , Vilardell‐Tarrés Miquel 
Published: September 2006

AbstractCeliac disease is usually associated with autoimmune disorders and has occasionally been reported in patients with inflammatory myopathies. Our aim was to determine the presence of celiac disease and antibodies associated with celiac disease in patients with inflammatory myopathies and to investigate their relationship. Serum antigliadin, anti–tissue transglutaminase, and antiendomysial antibodies were determined in 51 patients with inflammatory myopathies. HLA‐DQ2 and ‐DQ8 alleles were studied to assess their complementary diagnostic value. Jejunal biopsy was performed in patients with moderate to high levels of antigliadin antibodies. Patients with jejunal histology consistent with celiac disease initiated a gluten‐free diet. Seventeen patients (31%) were positive for antigliadin antibodies, which were significantly more frequent in patients with inclusion‐body myositis than dermatomyositis (P < 0.001). Positive status to HLA‐DQ2 and/or ‐DQ8 did not differ between antigliadin‐positive (75% and 12.5%) or ‐negative (60% and 15%) patients. Three of five jejunal biopsies were diagnostic for celiac disease with histological normalization after a gluten‐free diet. Thus, celiac disease is more prevalent in patients with inflammatory myopathies than in the general population. Positive status to HLA‐DQ2 allele, which is known to be more frequent in patients with inflammatory myopathies, could explain the high prevalence of antigliadin antibodies in this population. The diagnostic value of HLA‐DQ2 or ‐DQ8 haplotypes to detect celiac disease in patients with inflammatory myopathy is limited. Muscle Nerve, 2006
Predictability of disease progression in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Czaplinski Adam , Yen Albert A. , Simpson Ericka P. , Appel Stanley H. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine the predictors of disease progression in a group of 832 patients with the diagnosis of definite or probable amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Disease progression was defined as the time to 20‐point change in Appel ALS (AALS) score. The effects of individual prognostic factors on disease progression were assessed with the Kaplan–Meier life‐table method. In addition, the prognostic value of each factor was estimated using both univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard analyses. The median time to a 20‐point change in AALS score in our patient population was 9 months. Age, site of symptom onset, time between first symptom and first examination, total AALS score at first examination, and AALS preslope (rate of disease progression between first symptom and first examination) were significant and independent covariates of disease progression in our population. Identification of predictors of disease progression will facilitate better design of therapeutic trials, permitting the use of disease progression as a primary endpoint and improving baseline stratification of patient populations. Muscle Nerve, 2006
Variable presentation of nemaline myopathy: Novel mutation of alpha actin gene
Authors: Bouldin Anthony A. , Parisi Melissa A. , Laing Nigel , Patterson Kathleen , Gospe Sidney M. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractNemaline myopathy is a rare disorder of varying severity and genetic etiology. We present two cases, a father and son, with a novel missense mutation in the alpha actin gene. Both have a history of early motor impairment, with the son's course being considerably more severe. This pair illustrates the clinical variability of nemaline myopathy, highlighting the possible influence of environmental and epigenetic factors. Implications for the current classification system and prognosis are discussed. Muscle Nerve, 2006