bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Goal‐oriented mesh adaptation for finite volume methods using a dissipation‐based error indicator
Authors: Dwight R. P. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe accuracy of functionals of solutions of the Euler equations, solved using a finite volume code, is examined under grid refinement. It is shown that a commonly used adaptation indicator based on local solution gradients is ineffective in reducing functional error for flows with supersonic regions. A novel indicator is introduced which attempts to quantify that part of the error in the functional due to the explicitly added dissipation present in the numerical flux. The scheme is considerably simpler and computationally cheaper than other recently proposed a posteriori error estimators for finite volume schemes, but does not account for all sources of error. Note that emphasis is placed on numerical evaluation of the performance of the scheme, and it is shown to be extremely effective in both estimating and reducing error for a wide range of flows. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Common genetic variation in TP53 and its flanking genes, WDR79 and ATP1B2, and susceptibility to breast cancer
Authors: Garcia‐Closas Montserrat , Kristensen Vessela , Langerød Anita , Qi Ying , Yeager Meredith , Burdett Laurie , Welch Robert , Lissowska Jolanta , Peplonska Beata , Brinton Louise , Gerhard Daniela S. , Gram Inger Torhild , Perou Charles M. , Børresen‐Dale Anne‐Lise , Chanock Stephen 
Published: August 2007

AbstractGermline mutations in the tumor suppressor gene TP53 are associated with high incidence of early‐onset malignancies, and somatic mutations occur in 20–40% of all breast cancer cases. We investigated the association of common genetic variation in TP53 and its flanking genes, WDR79 and ATP1B2, with risk for breast cancer. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) identified in a re‐sequence analysis were genotyped in 2 large case–control studies including 731 cases and 1,124 controls from Norway, and 1,995 cases and 2,296 controls from Poland. Analyses of the pooled data showed no SNPs in TP53 to be significantly associated with risk for breast cancer. However, we found a significant and consistent association with risk for a SNP in exon 1 (R68G) of the 5′ neighboring gene WDR79 (rs2287499, OR (95% CI) = 1.08 (0.95–1.23) for CG vs. CC and 1.60 (1.04–2.47) for GG vs. CC, p‐trend = 0.01). Stratification by ER and PR status, showed these increases in risk to be limited to ER negative tumors (OR (95% CI) per variant allele: 1.42 (1.18–1.71) p‐trend = 0.00009). In addition, 2 TP53 SNPs (rs17887200 3′of STP and rs12951053 in intron 7) showing weak and non‐significant overall increases in risk, were also associated with ER negative tumors (1.48 (1.11–1.93) p‐trend = 0.01 and 1.29 (1.06–1.58) p‐trend = 0.009, respectively). In conclusion, this comprehensive evaluation of common genetic variation in TP53 and its flanking genes found no significant overall associations between SNPs in TP53 and breast cancer risk. However, data suggested that common variation in TP53 or WDR79 could be associated with ER negative breast cancers. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Multiparameter noninvasive assessment of treatment susceptibility, drug target inhibition and tumor response guides cancer treatment
Authors: Gee Michael S. , Upadhyay Rabi , Bergquist Henry , Weissleder Ralph , Josephson Lee , Mahmood Umar 
Published: August 2007

AbstractNew cancer therapies are increasingly molecular‐pathway specific. The evaluation of these novel therapies would be greatly facilitated by the development of noninvasive methods to assess multiple tumor cellular and molecular parameters. Using fluorescent probes specific for HER2/neu (AF750‐trastuzumab) and apoptosis (Cy5.5‐Annexin), we demonstrate a multichannel near infrared molecular imaging approach that yields accurate and early assessment of treatment susceptibility, drug target inhibition and tumor response during HER2‐targeted therapy of orthotopic human mammary carcinomas in mice with trastuzumab (Herceptin). This combined approach detects both partial treatment response (tumor growth inhibition without regression) as well as therapeutic resistance before alterations in tumor growth are apparent. Partially responsive tumors exhibit increased Annexin signal when trastuzumab is combined with a cytotoxic agent (paclitaxel), which predicts subsequent tumor regression and suggests that imaging can guide therapy optimization. This multiparametric imaging approach has great potential in the clinical setting for determining patient eligibility, adequate drug dosing and early biological response of molecularly‐targeted cancer therapies. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Adopting National Quality Forum medication safe practices: Progress and barriers to hospital implementation
Authors: Rask Kimberly , Culler Steven , Scott Tracy , Kohler Susan , Hawley Jonathan , Friedman Esther , Naylor Dorothy “Vi” 
Published: August 2007

AbstractBACKGROUNDTo reduce medical errors, the National Quality Forum (NQF) developed consensus‐based guidelines of 30 safe practices recommended for all hospitalsOBJECTIVETo determine the hospital characteristics and barriers that influence the rates of adoption of these practices.DESIGNRetrospective review of annual self‐assessment surveys from 2003 to 2004. Medication and culture of safety questions from the survey were mapped to the relevant NQF safe practices.SETTINGOne hundred and forty‐eight acute care hospitalsMEASUREMENTSBivariate analysis was used to examine variation in adoption rates by hospital demographic characteristics.RESULTSMost hospitals had adopted 7 of the 9 medication‐related practices. Lower adoption rates were seen for resource‐intensive safe practices such as consultant pharmacists (52.0%) or CPOE (2.7%). The safety culture questions showed broad diffusion of nonpunitive error reporting (83.7%) but more limited adoption of proactive processes to detect and prevent errors (44.9%). There were no differences by urban versus rural setting and few differences by hospital size. Safe practices that affected hospital‐based physicians such as ensuring that new prescribers had access to all currently prescribed medications and minimizing distractions during order writing were difficult for many hospitals. Lower adoption rates were also seen for processes requiring direct physician participation such as eliminating verbal orders and using standardized abbreviations.CONCLUSIONSAdoption of NQF‐recommended safe practices appeared related to resource constraints and hospital culture. Promoting physician involvement as clinical leaders and team builders, moving from reactive reporting systems to proactive processes that prevent errors, and developing more robust monitoring systems will facilitate further adoption of safe practices. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2007;2:212–218. © 2007 Society of Hospital Medicine.
Diabetes care in hospitalized noncritically ill patients: More evidence for clinical inertia and negative therapeutic momentum
Authors: Cook Curtiss B. , Castro Janna C. , Schmidt Ronald E. , Gauthier Susanne M. , Whitaker Michael D. , Roust Lori R. , Argueta Rodolfo , Hull Bryan P. , Zimmerman Richard S. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractBACKGROUNDLittle is known about management of hyperglycemia in inpatients.OBJECTIVETo gain insight into caring for hospitalized patients with hyperglycemia.DESIGNRetrospective analysis.SETTINGTeaching hospital.PATIENTSData on all patients discharged between January 1, 2001, and December 31, 2004 with a diagnosis of diabetes or hyperglycemia were extracted and linked to laboratory and pharmacy databases. Only the data on patients who did not require intensive care and who were hospitalized for at least 3 days were analyzed.MEASUREMENTSAverage bedside glucose during the first and last 24 hours of hospital stay and for the entire length of stay; assessment of changes in insulin regimen and dose.RESULTSThe average age of patients included in the study (n = 2916) was 69 years. Fifty‐seven percent of the patients were men, 90% were white, and average length of stay was 5.7 days. More than 20% of the patients had evidence of sustained hyperglycemia. Forty‐two percent of the patients who showed poor control of glycemia (glucose > 200 mg/dL) during the first 24 hours were discharged in poor control. The frequency of hypoglycemia was low (only 2.2 of 100 measurements per person) compared with hyperglycemia (25.5 of 100 measurements per person). Most patients (72%) received insulin during hospitalization, but there was high use of short‐acting insulin and less than optimal intensification of therapy (clinical inertia); many patients had insulin therapy decreased despite persistent hyperglycemia (negative therapeutic momentum).CONCLUSIONSGlycemic control in the hospital was frequently poor, and there was suboptimal use of insulin, even among patients with sustained hyperglycemia. Educational programs directed at practitioners should focus on the importance of inpatient glucose control and provide guidelines on how and when to change therapy. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2007;2:203–211. © 2007 Society of Hospital Medicine.
Effects of a hospitalist care model on mortality of elderly patients with hip fractures
Authors: Batsis John A. , Phy Michael P. , Joseph Melton L. , Schleck Cathy D. , Larson Dirk R. , Huddleston Paul M. , Huddleston Jeanne M. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractBACKGROUNDWe previously demonstrated that a hospitalist service created to medically manage patients with hip fracture reduced time to surgery and length of hospital stay, with no difference in inpatient mortality, compared with patients who received standard care. Whether this improved efficiency affects long‐term mortality is unknown.OBJECTIVEThis study examined the effects of this hospitalist service versus standard care on mortality up to 1 year and identified predictors of mortality in patients with hip fracture.DESIGNRetrospective cohort study.SETTINGTertiary care center.PATIENTSFour hundred and sixty‐six consecutive patients admitted for surgical repair of a hip fracture in 2000–2002 with 93% 1‐year follow‐up.RESULTSThere was no significant difference in survival of the patients between those on the hospitalist care service and those on the standard care service (70.5% [CI: 64.8%, 76.7%] vs. 70.6% [CI: 64.9%, 76.8%];P= .36), despite the shortened time to surgery and decreased length of stay in the hospitalist group. Predictors of mortality included: admission from a nursing home (hazard ratio [HR] 2.24, [CI: 1.73, 2.90]); age at admission (HR 1.17 [CI: 0.99, 1.38]); inpatient complications, including ICU admission, myocardial infarction, or acute renal failure (HR 1.85 [CI: 1.45, 2.35]); and ASA class III or IV compared with ASA class II (HR 4.20 [CI: 2.21, 7.99]).CONCLUSIONSThe improved efficiency in reducing length of stay and time to surgery in the hospitalist group did not adversely affect long‐term mortality of this patient population. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2007;2:219–225. © 2007 Society of Hospital Medicine.
Pre‐rainy season moisture build‐up and storm precipitation delivery in the West African Sahel
Authors: Omotosho J. Bayo 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe salient differences between the years of above and below normal precipitation, particularly within the long period of 1972–1990 with persistently decreasing Sahelian rainfall, are investigated for Kano, a Nigerian station within the Sahel. Daily rainfall data from 1916 to 2000, storm records from 1951 to 2000 and radiosonde data for three dry and three wet years are used in this study. Results confirm previous findings that the African Easterly Jet (AEJ) located in the 700–600 mb layer is stronger during the dry than in wet years. Significantly, however, it is shown that during the wet years, there is stronger and deeper early season (April–June) build‐up of moisture below the AEJ. Furthermore, throughout the period from April to August, the middle troposphere was almost always drier than normal during the dry years and moist than normal in the wet years. Consequent upon these, the storms, which deliver almost all the rainfall in the Sahel, produce at least 150% more precipitation during the wet than in the dry years, though the June to September or annual total number of storms differs by only about 30%. Finally, during the dry years, the onset of rainfall is found to be generally very late compared to the long‐term mean, with shorter length of the rainy season. Copyright © 2007 Royal Meteorological Society
Extreme rainfall in the Namib desert during late summer 2006 and influences of regional ocean variability
Authors: Muller A. , Reason C. J. C. , Fauchereau N. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe desert country of Namibia (southwestern Africa) and adjoining areas received anomalously heavy rains in austral summer 2006. In particular, the hyper‐arid southern Namib Desert experienced an extreme rainfall event in mid‐April 2006 which led to the coastal station of Luderitz receiving 102 mm, or about six times its annual average rainfall. Based on extreme value theory, this event appears to have a return period of 145 years—the rainfall received at Luderitz during 16–23 April 2006 was about twice that of the annual rainfall recorded at this station in the previous wettest year (1956).It is argued that this event occurred as a result of the unusual interaction of an anomalously westward‐located tropical‐extratropical cloudband, and an anomalously northward‐located cut‐off low. In turn, the location and behaviour of these synoptic features may have been aided by regional ocean conditions, a strong warm event in the tropical southeast Atlantic and a positive dipole‐like sea surface temperature event in the south Indian Ocean, together with La Niña conditions. It is argued that the combination of these regional ocean patterns with the La Niña event led to the very wet conditions over Namibia and neighbouring countries during austral summer 2005–2006. Copyright © 2007 Royal Meteorological Society
Headspace‐solid‐phase microextraction preconcentration of phenols, indoles and on‐fibre derivatised volatile fatty acids in liquid and gas samples from cow slurries
Authors: Larreta Joana , Vallejo Asier , Bilbao Urdax , Usobiaga Aresatz , Arana Gorka , Zuloaga Olatz 
Published: August 2007

AbstractOdorous organic compounds from liquid and gas samples of animal wastes were studied by headspace (HS)‐solid‐phase microextraction (SPME)‐GC‐MS. 1‐Pirenyldiazomethane (PDAM) was adsorbed/absorbed on the SPME fibre in order to obtain the corresponding ester derivatives during the preconcentration step. The SPME fibre was immersed into a PDAM solution. Then, the SPME fibre was withdrawn and exposed to the HS of the liquid cow slurry. This way derivatisation of VFAs took place in the SPME fibre together with the preconcentration of the rest of the analytes of interest. The analytes were desorbed in the hot injection port (300°C) of a GC‐MS for 3 min. Four different fibre types and different immersion periods of the fibre in the PDAM solution were studied in order to obtain the best sensitivity with the selected fibre. Accuracy, precision and the LODs were calculated using spiked liquid and gas samples. The possibility of storing liquid samples after sampling by preconcentration on the fibre was also considered. Storage time and temperature were studied. The optimised method was applied to the determination of the analytes in liquid and gas samples from cow slurries from an intensive production farm.
Asymmetrical flow field‐flow fractionation coupled to multiangle laser light scattering detector: Optimization of crossflow rate, carrier characteristics, and injected mass in alginate separation
Authors: Alasonati Enrica , Benincasa Maria‐Anna , Slaveykova Vera I. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe coupling of the flow field‐flow fractionation (FlFFF) to differential refractive index (DRI) and multiangle laser light scattering (LS) detectors is a powerful tool for characterizing charged polysaccharides such as alginate. However, the correct interpretation of the experimental results and extrapolation of meaningful molecular parameters by using an analytical tool with such a level of complexity requires improvement of the knowledge of the alginate behavior in the channel and careful optimization of the operating conditions. Therefore, the influence of the critical operating parameters, such as crossflow rate, carrier composition and concentration, and sample load, on the alginate retention was carefully evaluated. Combined information obtained simultaneously by DRI and LS detectors over the wide range of the crossflow rate, carrier liquid concentration, and injected amount, allowed to set the appropriate combination of optimal parameters. It was found that the crossflow rate of 0.25 mL/min, carrier solution containing 5×10–2 mol/L ammonium or sodium chloride, and 50–100 μg of injected sample mass were necessary to achieve complete separation and determination of the meaningful molecular characteristics. The values of the weight‐average hydrodynamic radius (RHw), radius of gyration (RG), and molar mass (M), obtained under the optimal conditions were in good agreement to those found for alginates in the literature.
Correlation of vibratory quantitative sensory testing and nerve conduction studies in patients with diabetes
Authors: Kincaid John C. , Price Karen L. , Jimenez Maria C. , Skljarevski Vladimir 
Published: August 2007

AbstractMonitoring the course of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) remains a challenge. Besides clinical examination, nerve conduction studies (NCS) and quantitative sensory testing (QST) are the most commonly used methods for evaluating peripheral nerve function in clinical trials and population studies. In this study the correlation between vibratory QST and NCS was determined. Patients (N = 227) with diabetes mellitus participated in this multicenter, single‐visit, cross‐sectional study. QST of vibration measured with the CASE IV system was compared with a composite score of peroneal motor and tibial motor NCS and with individual attributes of peroneal, tibial, and sural nerves. The correlation between QST and composite score of NCS was 0.234 (Pearson correlation coefficient, P = 0.001). The correlations between QST and individual attributes of NCS ranged from 0.189 to 0.480 (Pearson correlation coefficients, P < 0.001). The low to moderate correlation between QST and NCS suggests that these tests cannot replace each other but are complementary. Muscle Nerve, 2007
EuQoS approach for resource allocation in Ethernet networks
Authors: Carmo Maxweel Silva , Sa Silva Jorge , Monteiro Edmundo 
Published: August 2007

AbstractAlthough the equipment currently available for Ethernet LANs provides basic quality of service (QoS) capabilities, as the ability of prioritizing traffic flows, it does not support more complex mechanisms like admission control or the ability of participating in a signalling process. This paper presents a survey on the QoS support and on resource allocation for LAN Ethernet networks, and describes a new proposal in the scope of the EuQoS project. The proposed solution is validated as proof of concept both by simulation and real testbeds. EuQoS is an FP6 IST Integrated Project with the aim of proposing, developing and studying end‐to‐end QoS support for Internet applications such as voice, video‐conferencing, video‐streaming and tele‐engineering. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rheology of highly filled natural CaCO3 composites: IV. Effect of surface treatment
Authors: Kaully T. , Siegmann A. , Shacham D. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe rheology of poly(dimethyl siloxane) (PDMS) suspensions containing natural CaCO3 particles, treated with a homologous series of fatty acids, was studied using capillary and dynamic rheometry. Suspensions containing the maximal possible solid loading of raw CaCO3 were investigated, emphasizing the unique behavior of high filler loaded compositions. Surface treatment with fatty acids caused profound decrease of viscosity in the capillary flow, enabling a 4 vol% increase in the possible maximal solid loading of the suspension. The surface treatment leads to significant shear thinning opposed to the shear thickening exhibited by the untreated suspensions. Yet this effect was observed only at shear rates higher than 10 sec−1, while at lower shear rates and also under oscillatory low shear stresses, the opposite occurs: the viscosity of the surface treated systems increased. The contradictory effect of surface treatment at different shear rates regimes was ascribed to yield phenomenon of the treated suspensions, which is absent in the untreated ones. The combined, chemically and physically adsorbed acids caused higher increase in viscosity under oscillatory stresses, than the chemically adsorbed acids; thus, it can be concluded that thicker interface layer increased the yield effect reflected in higher viscosity at low shear rates. The oscillatory flow of the treated fine suspensions revealed also a consistent effect of the fatty acid length, the viscosity increased with increasing chain length; it correlated with higher layer thickness and higher surface energy of the treated filler, probably due to a skin friction effect. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Proteomic characterization of protein phosphatase 1 complexes in ischemia‐reperfusion and ischemic tolerance
Authors: Cid Cristina , Garcia‐Bonilla Lidia , Camafeita Emilio , Burda Jozef , Salinas Matilde , Alcazar Alberto 
Published: August 2007

AbstractSerine/threonine protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) regulates multiple cellular processes. Protein phosphorylation–dephosphorylation is largely altered during ischemia and subsequent reperfusion. The brain is particularly vulnerable to stress resulting from ischemia‐reperfusion (IR), however, the acquisition of ischemic tolerance (IT) protects against IR stress. We studied PP1 complexes in response to IR stress and IT in brain using proteomic characterization of PP1 complexes in animal models of IR and IT. PP1α and PP1γ were immunoprecipitated and resolved by 2‐D. DIGE analysis detected 14 different PP1‐interacting proteins that exhibited significant changes in their association with PP1α or PP1γ. These proteins were identified by MALDI‐TOF MS. Seven had the PP1‐binding RVxF motif. IR altered the interaction of heat shock cognate 71 kDa‐protein, creatine kinase B, and dopamine‐ and cAMP‐regulated phosphoprotein 32 kDa (DARPP32) with both PP1α and PP1γ, and the interaction of phosphodiesterase‐6B, transitional ER ATPase, lamin‐A, glucose‐regulated 78 kDa‐protein, dihydropyrimidinase‐related protein‐2, γ‐enolase, neurofilament‐L, and ubiquitin ligase SIAH2 with PP1γ. IT prevented most of the IR‐induced effects. This study identifies novel PP1α‐ and PP1γ‐interacting proteins and reveals an in vivo modularity of PP1 holoenzymes in response to physiological ischemic stress. It supports a potential role of PP1 in IR stress and as a target of the endogenous protective mechanisms induced by IT.
Assessing peptide de novo sequencing algorithms performance on large and diverse data sets
Authors: Pitzer Erik , Masselot Alexandre , Colinge Jacques 
Published: August 2007

AbstractDe novo peptide sequencing algorithms are often tested on relatively small data sets made of excellent spectra. Since there are always more and more tandem mass spectra available, we have assembled six large, reliable, and diverse (three mass spectrometer types) data sets intended for such tests and we make them accessible via a web server. To exemplify their use we investigate the performance of Lutefisk, PepNovo, and PepNovoTag, three well‐established peptide de novo sequencing programs.