Silver, Silver Compounds, and Silver Alloys
Authors: Brumby Andreas , Braumann Peter , Zimmermann Klaus , Van Den Broeck Francis , Vandevelde Thierry , Goia Dan , Renner Hermann , Schlamp Günther , Zimmermann Klaus , Weise Wolfgang , Tews Peter , Dermann Klaus , Knödler Alfons , Schröder Karl‐Heinz , Kempf Bernd , Lüschow Hans Martin , Peter Cartrin , Schiele Rainer 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThe article contains sections titled:1.History1.1.Centers of Silver Production1.2.Extent of Production1.3.Development of Production Processes1.4.Monetary Significance and Price Structure2.Properties2.1.Atomic Properties2.2.Physical Properties2.3.Chemical Properties3.Occurrence and Raw Materials3.1.Formation, Abundance, and Distribution of Ores3.2.Silver Minerals3.3.Deposits3.4.Secondary Silver3.5.Resources and Reserves4.Extraction from Ores4.1.Extraction from Silver Ores4.1.1.Smelting4.1.2.Amalgamation4.1.3.Cyanidation4.1.4.Thiosulfate Leaching (Patera Process)4.1.5.Metallurgical Processes4.2.Extraction from Lead and Lead ‐ Zinc Ores4.2.1.Production of Lead Bullion4.2.2.Cupellation without Prior Silver Enrichment4.2.3.Silver Enrichment by the Pattinson Process4.2.4.Silver Enrichment by the Parkes Process4.2.5.Cupellation of Enriched Lead4.2.6.Silver Extraction from Electrolytic Lead Refining4.3.Extraction from Copper and Copper ‐ Nickel Ores4.3.1.Formation of Silver‐Containing Copper Anode Slimes4.3.2.Pretreatment of Copper Anode Slimes4.3.3.Processing of Copper Anode Slimes4.3.4.Silver Extraction from Copper Matte4.4.Extraction from Gold Ores4.5.Extraction from Tin Ores5.Recovery from Secondary Silver5.1.Via Copper Smelters5.2.Via Lead Smelters5.3.Via the Lead ‐ Silver Smelting Process5.4.Via Scrap Metal Leaching5.5.Via Scrap Metal Electrolysis5.6.Processing of Flue Dust5.7.Processing of Copper Matte5.8.Processing of Photographic Materials5.9.Surface Desilvering5.10.Processing of Special Scrap6.Silver Refining6.1.Fine Smelting6.2.Refining with Nitric Acid (Inquartation)6.3.Refining with Sulfuric Acid (Affination)6.4.Möbius Electrolysis6.5.Balbach ‐ Thum Electrolysis7.Silver Compounds7.1.Silver Nitrate7.2.Silver Halides7.3.Silver Oxides7.4.Other Soluble Silver Compounds7.5.Other Insoluble Silver Compounds7.6.Silver Complexes7.7.Explosive Silver Compounds8.Disperse Silver8.1.Silver Particles and Flakes8.2.Colloidal Silver9.Silver Alloys9.1.Binary Silver Alloys9.2.Ternary Silver Alloys9.3.Quaternary Silver Alloys9.4.Manufacturing10.Uses10.1.Coins10.2.Jewelry10.3.Medicine10.4.Dentistry10.5.Coatings10.5.1.Silver Electroplating10.5.2.Silver Plating by Chemical Reactions10.5.3.Mechanical and Thermomechanical Plating10.5.4.Physical Vapor Deposition10.5.5.Firing Processes10.6.Electronics and Electrical Technology10.6.1.Electronics10.6.2.Electrical Engineering10.7.Brazing Alloys10.8.Chemical Equipment10.9.Catalysts10.10.Photography10.11.Uses of Nanoscale Silver10.12.Other Uses11.Specifications and Analysis11.1.Qualities and Commercial Grades11.2.Sampling11.3.Qualitative Analysis11.4.Quantitative Analysis11.5.Purity Analysis11.6.Trace Analysis11.7.Argentometry12.Economic Aspects12.1.Production12.2.Demand13.Toxicology, Occupational Health, and Safety13.1.Toxicology13.2.Ecotoxicology13.3.Explosion Hazards