bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Honing cross-correlation tools for inference on ultra-high-energy cosmic-ray composition
Authors: Tanidis Konstantinos , Urban Federico R. , Camera Stefano 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The chemical composition of the highest-energy cosmic rays, namely the atomic number Z of rays with energies E ≳ 40 EeV, remains to date largely unknown. Some information on the composition can be inferred from the deflections that charged ultra-high-energy cosmic rays experience while they traverse intervening magnetic fields. Indeed, such deflections distort and suppress the original anisotropy in the cosmic ray arrival directions; thus, given a source model, a measure of the anisotropy is also a measurement of the deflections, which in turn informs us on the chemical composition. In this work, we show that, by quantifying ultra-high-energy cosmic ray anisotropies through the angular cross-correlation between cosmic rays and galaxies, we would be able to exclude iron fractions f
Fe ≥ 𝒪(10%) assuming a fiducial hydrogen map at 2σ level, and even smaller fractions in the reverse case of hydrogen on an iron map, going well below f
H ≈ 10% when we mask the Galactic Centre up to latitudes of 40°. This is an improvement of a factor of a few compared to our previous method, and is mostly ascribable to a new test statistics which is sensitive to each harmonic multipole individually. Our method can be applied to real data as an independent test of the recent claim that current cosmic-ray data can not be reproduced by any existing model of the Galactic magnetic field, as well as an additional handle to compare any realistic, competing, data-driven composition models.
Extending preferred axion models via heavy-quark induced early matter domination
Authors: Cheek Andrew , Osiński Jacek K. , Roszkowski Leszek 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
We examine the cosmological consequences of the heavy quarks in KSVZ-type axion models. We find that their presence often causes an early matter domination phase, altering the evolution of the Universe. This extends the axion mass into the region where standard cosmology leads to overproduction, and allows for a greater number of axion models with non-renormalizable terms to be viable. Quantitatively, we find that decays proceeding through effective terms of up to dimension 9 (d = 9) remain consistent with cosmological constraints, in contrast with the result d ≤ 5 previously found in the literature. As a consequence, the heavy quarks can be much heavier and the axion mass window with the correct relic density for dark matter is extended by orders of magnitude, down to ma
≈ 6 × 10-9 eV. This is achieved without resorting to fine-tuning of the initial misalignment angle, bolstering the motivation for many future axion haloscope experiments. Additionally, we explore how these models can be probed through measurements of the number of relativistic degrees of freedom at recombination.
Influence of powder feedstock characteristics on extrusion-based 3D printing of magnetocaloric structures
Authors: Sharma Vaibhav , Goldsworthy Eddie , Hadimani Ravi L , Zhao Hong , Barua Radhika 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
A significant barrier to the commercialization of magnetic heat pumping is the lack of scalable, low-cost manufacturing techniques that enable shaping brittle magnetocaloric materials into heat exchange structures with porous geometries, controlled chemical gradients, and advantageous anisotropic microstructures. Though direct ink writing additive manufacturing has the potential to expand into a viable net-shaping technology for functional magnetic alloys, it is typically challenging to fabricate dense parts—an observation ascribed to the constraint on powder particle size that inevitably impacts both green density of 3D printed parts and shrinkage during sintering. To this end, we report a comprehensive study on the influence of precursor powder characteristics on the magnetic and structural properties of 3D printed test coupons produced using La0.67Ca0.33MnO3 magnetocaloric particles. Ink formulations comprising powders with nano-scaled, micron-scaled, and bimodal size distributions were printed and sintered. The impact of particle size on part quality and magnetofunctional response was examined, and it was found that test coupon fabricated using nano-scaled powders (∼100–200 nm) demonstrated the lowest part porosity (∼17%) and the highest magnetocaloric response (8 J kg−1·K−1 at μ
0H = 5T). The results presented in this work address critical technical questions about the process feasibility of making magnetic heat pumps with additive manufacturing schemes.
Isolation and loneliness as pathways to heavy drinking early in the pandemic
Authors: Fendrich Michael , Becker Jessica , Russell Beth S , Park Crystal L 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Introduction
social isolation and forced quarantines during the early phases of the COVID-19 pandemic coincided with a steep and persistent rise in alcohol consumption among US adults. While the association between loneliness and drinking is well established, less is known about the impact of social isolation (a known correlate of loneliness) and the interplay between these two variables in relation to drinking.

Methods
we recruited US adults using the MTurk platform for an online survey in early April 2020. The initial survey was followed up with a second wave, 30 days later in mid to late May. Data from the current analyses focus on this second wave of data collection.

Results
we found significant direct effects on heavy drinking for both social isolation (c’ = 0.495; P &lt; .01) and loneliness (b = 0.071; P &lt; .05). We also found a significant indirect path from social isolation to heavy drinking through social isolation’s impact on elevating loneliness (a = 0.919; P &lt; .001). The indirect effect of social isolation on the composite measure of heavy drinking was 0.0652 (0.919 × 0.071) and was significant at the 0.05 level after bootstrapping estimates of the variance were constructed.

Conclusions
those most isolated early in the pandemic were at increased risk for heavy drinking, in part because their social isolation led to increased loneliness. Post-pandemic research is needed to explore whether the relationships that stemmed from social isolation during the pandemic led to a persistent pattern of behavioral risk that maintained high rates of heavy drinking.
Comparison of POLYTECH MESMO and Motiva Ergonomix Breast Implants With Focus on Displacement Issues: A Single Surgeon's Experience with 329 Patients
Authors: Montemurro Paolo 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
Nanotextured breast implants (classified as smooth implants by the latest ISO 14607:2018) have been described as possibly reducing major textured implant-related complications such as capsular contracture and breast implant–associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma. On the other hand, microtextured breast implants benefit from an optimal safety profile based on a much larger body of literature.

Objectives
The aim of this study was to directly compare the incidence of complications between Motiva Ergonomix (Establishment Labs Holdings, Inc., Alajuela, Costa Rica) and POLYTECH MESMO (POLYTECH Health & Aesthetics GmbH, Dieburg, Germany) breast implants, especially regarding the displacement issues that might arise after breast augmentation.

Methods
Consecutive patients who previously underwent surgery by the same physician for placement of Motiva Ergonomix and POLYTECH MESMO implants were included in this study. They were divided into 2 groups according to the type of implant. The onset of complications was assessed through survival analysis.

Results
Data were collected from 329 patients, 185 (56.2%) with POLYTECH MESMO and 144 (43.8%) with Motiva Ergonomix implants. The median follow-up was 8 months for both groups. Of the 42 women (12.8%) who experienced at least one complication, 26 belonged to the Motiva Ergonomix subgroup (P = .013). The most represented complications during this period resulted from displacement issues, with a clear prevalence of bottoming out in the Motiva Ergonomix cohort: 15 cases vs 0 cases in the POLYTECH MESMO cohort (P &lt; .001). For 7 patients, a reoperation was required, more frequently for patients with Motiva Ergonomix implants (4.2% vs 0.5%; P = .046).

Conclusions
POLYTECH MESMO devices provided a more favorable outcome. Motiva Ergonomix devices revealed a concerning incidence of displacement issues during the first postsurgery years, with no advantage over other major complications.

Level of Evidence: 3
Structure-activity relationship of anti-inflammatory meroterpenoids isolated from Dictyopteris polypodioides in RAW264 cells
Authors: Kumagai Momochika , Matsuda Akana , Shiiba Nozomi , Tsuruta Tomoki , Endo Hikaru , Nishikawa Keisuke , Morimoto Yoshiki 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In this study, we explored anti-inflammatory compounds from the brown alga Dictyopteris polypodioides and isolated 7 meroterpenoids. Their anti-inflammatory activities were evaluated using the lipopolysaccharide-stimulated mouse macrophage cell line, RAW264. Yahazunol (1) exhibited similar nitric oxide (NO) production inhibitory activity as zonarol (2), which has previously been shown to be an anti-inflammatory compound. Yahazunol (1), zonarol (2), and isozonarol (3) inhibited not only NO production but also inducible nitric oxide synthase, interleukin-6, and C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 mRNA expression in RAW264 cells. The structure-activity relationships of the 11 compounds, including their synthetic analogs, revealed the significance of the hydroquinone moiety in the anti-inflammatory activity of these sesquiterpenoids in RAW264 cells. Diacetylated zonarol (9) exhibited an activity comparable to that of zonarol as a result of intracellular deacetylation. These results provide new insights into the anti-inflammatory activity of hydroquinone-containing natural products.
[1,2]-Retro-Brook rearrangement induced by electrochemical reduction of silyl enolates
Authors: Kinoshita Ban , Maejima Saki , Niki Yuta , Mitsudo Koichi , Suga Seiji , Yorimitsu Hideki 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Electrochemical reduction of the trimethylsilyl enolates of alkyl aryl ketones induces retro-Brook rearrangement to provide 1-aryl-1-trimethylsilylalkan-1-ols. The transformation proceeds through a sequence of 1) single-electron reduction of the silyl enolate, 2) protonation with a phenol, 3) another single-electron reduction to form a siloxy-substituted benzylic anion, and 4) the pivotal retro-Brook rearrangement.
The anterior lobe of the parotid gland: a CT sialographic study
Authors: Zhao Junru , Han Chang , Huang Minghu , Sun Lisha , Li Gang , Sun Zhipeng 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Objectives
To investigate the imaging and anatomic features of the anterior lobe (AL) of the superficial parotid gland (SPG).

Methods
Computed tomographic sialography examinations were undertaken for 142 parotid glands in 77 patients. Whole computer tomography (CT) data were analyzed using multi-planar reformation and maximum intensity projection to generate sialographic CT images. The tributary ducts of the SPG were analyzed to classify the parotid morphology. Three-dimensional analyses were used to investigate the AL and its relationship with adjacent anatomic landmarks.

Results
Four major types (I-IV) and 2 minor types (V-VI) of the AL and the superficial parotid gland were observed. Type I AL (83/142) was contiguous and not separated from the retromandibular parotid gland. Type II AL (16/142) was detached from the retromandibular parotid gland with 1-4 tributary ducts. Type III AL (12/142) showed a small isolated lobe above the Stensen duct around the anterior edge of the masseter. Type IV (28/142) showed the absence of the AL. Type V (3/142) shows the absence of the retromandibular parotid gland. Type VI (3/142) showed the presence of ectopic salivary gland beneath the Stensen duct anterior to the retromandibular parotid gland.

Conclusions
The AL gives rise to the morphological variations of the superficial parotid gland. AL also gives rise to the accessory parotid gland when it is detached from the retromandibular parotid gland.
The CsmiR397a-CsLAC17 module regulates lignin biosynthesis to balance the tenderness and gray blight resistance in young tea shoots
Authors: Yang Hongbin , Jia Xinyue , Gao Tong , Gong Siyu , Xia Linxuan , Zhang Peiling , Qi Yuying , Liu Shuyuan , Yu Youben , Wang Weidong 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Lignin accumulation can enhance the disease resistance of young tea shoots (Camellia sinensis). It also greatly reduces their tenderness, which indirectly affects the quality and yield of tea. Therefore, the regulation of lignin biosynthesis appears to be an effective way to balance tenderness and disease resistance in young tea shoots. In this study, we identified a laccase gene, CsLAC17, that is induced during tenderness reduction and gray blight infection in young tea shoots. Overexpression of CsLAC17 significantly increased the lignin content in transgenic Arabidopsis, enhancing their resistance to gray blight and decreasing stem tenderness. In addition, we found that CsLAC17 was negatively regulated by the upstream CsmiR397a by 5′-RLM-RACE, dual-luciferase assay, and transient expression in young tea shoots. Interestingly, the expression of CsmiR397a was inhibited during tenderness reduction and gray blight infection of young tea shoots. Overexpression of CsmiR397a reduced lignin accumulation, resulting in decreased resistance to gray blight and increased stem tenderness in transgenic Arabidopsis. Furthermore, the transient overexpression of CsmiR397a and CsLAC17 in tea leaves directly confirms the function of the CsmiR397a-CsLAC17 module in lignin biosynthesis and its effect on disease resistance. These results suggest that the CsmiR397a-CsLAC17 module is involved in balancing tenderness and gray blight resistance in young tea shoots by regulating lignin biosynthesis.
Carrots as Sticks: How Effective Are Foreign Aid Suspensions and Economic Sanctions?
Authors: Mertens Claas 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Existing research shows that economic coercion successfully influences targeted states’ behavior 38 percent of the time. This article integrates research on economic sanctions and foreign aid by assessing the relative effectiveness of two types of economic coercion: economic sanctions and foreign aid suspensions. It argues that suspending aid is more effective than adopting economic sanctions because (1) aid suspensions are economically beneficial for the adopting state, while sanctions are costly, (2) aid suspensions directly affect the targeted government’s budget, (3) market forces undermine sanctions but not aid suspensions, and (4) aid suspensions are less likely to spark adverse behavioral reactions. A quantitative analysis estimates the success rate of imposed aid suspensions to be 44 percent and that of economic sanctions to be 26 percent. The results are robust across two alternative datasets on economic coercion, and qualitative evidence corroborates the outlined mechanisms. The findings suggest that economic sanctions are less effective than previously thought and that large donor states have a higher chance of achieving political goals through economic coercion.
Prevalence of pretreatment HIV resistance to integrase inhibitors in West African and Southeast Asian countries
Authors: Aghokeng Avelin F , Ngo-Giang-Huong Nicole , Huynh Thu H K , Dagnra Anoumou Y , D’Aquin Toni Thomas , Maiga Almoustapha I , Dramane Kania , Eymard-Duvernay Sabrina , Chaix Marie-Laure , Calvez Vincent , Descamps Diane ,   ANRS12425 Study Group, Aghokeng Avelin F , Chaix Marie-Laure , Calvez Vincent , Dagnra Anoumou , Descamps Diane , Dramane Kania , Maiga Almoustapha , Nouhin Janin , Kane Coumba Touré , Lien Truong Xuan , Ngo-Giang-Huong Nicole , Peeters Martine , Plantier Jean-Christophe , Njouom Richard , Tuaillon Edouard , d’Aquin Toni Thomas , Poda Armel , Zougrana Jacques , Ouedraogo Saidou , Ouedraogo Macaire , Messou Eugene , Dechi Jean Jacques , Nguessan Jean François , Dolo Oumar , Diarra Zoumana , Cisse Mamadou , Patassi Akouda , Salou Mounérou , Ali-Edjé Komla , Bowonwatanuwong Chureeratana , Thongpaen Suchart , Klinbuayaem Virat , Laomanit Laddawan , Luong Que Anh , Tran Ton 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs) have been recently recommended as the preferred first-line option for antiretroviral treatment initiators in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) in response to the growing circulation of resistant HIV to non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs). In this study, we estimated the frequency of pretreatment drug resistance (PDR) to INSTIs in West Africa and Southeast Asia.

Materials and methods
Using samples collected from 2015 to 2016, and previously used to assessed PI, NRTI and NNRTI resistance, we generated HIV integrase sequences and identified relevant INSTI PDR mutations using the Stanford and ANRS algorithms.

Results
We generated 353 integrase sequences. INSTI PDR frequency was low, 1.1% (4/353) overall, ranging from 0% to 6.3% according to country. However, frequency of PDR to any drug class was very high, 17.9% (95% CI: 13.9%–22.3%), and mostly associated with a high level of NNRTI PDR, 9.7%, and a moderate level of NRTI PDR, 5.3%.

Conclusions
Our results support the recent introduction of INSTIs in LMICs to improve treatment outcome in these settings, but also stress the need for effective actions to prevent uncontrolled emergence of drug resistance to this drug class.
Eosinophil expression of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 (TREM-1) restricts type 2 lung inflammation
Authors: Bowen Jayden L , Keck Kathy , Baruah Sankar , Nguyen Kathy H , Thurman Andrew L , Pezzulo Alejandro A , Klesney-Tait Julia 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Asthma affects 25 million Americans, and recent advances in treatment are effective for only a portion of severe asthma patients. TREM-1, an innate receptor that canonically amplifies inflammatory signaling in neutrophils and monocytes, plays a central role in regulating lung inflammation. It is unknown how TREM-1 contributes to allergic asthma pathology. Utilizing a murine model of asthma, flow cytometry revealed TREM-1+ eosinophils in the lung tissue and airway during allergic airway inflammation. TREM-1 expression was restricted to recruited, inflammatory eosinophils. Expression was induced on bone marrow–derived eosinophils by incubation with interleukin 33, lipopolysaccharide, or granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. Compared to TREM-1− airway eosinophils, TREM-1+ eosinophils were enriched for proinflammatory gene sets, including migration, respiratory burst, and cytokine production. Unexpectedly, eosinophil-specific ablation of TREM-1 exacerbated airway interleukin (IL) 5 production, airway MUC5AC production, and lung tissue eosinophil accumulation. Further investigation of transcriptional data revealed apoptosis and superoxide generation–related gene sets were enriched in TREM-1+ eosinophils. Consistent with these findings, annexin V and caspase-3/7 staining demonstrated higher rates of apoptosis among TREM-1+ eosinophils compared to TREM-1− eosinophils in the inflammatory airway. In vitro, Trem1/3−/− bone marrow–derived eosinophils consumed less oxygen than wild-type in response to phorbol myristate acetate, suggesting that TREM-1 promotes superoxide generation in eosinophils. These data reveal protein-level expression of TREM-1 by eosinophils, define a population of TREM-1+ inflammatory eosinophils, and demonstrate that eosinophil TREM-1 restricts key features of type 2 lung inflammation.
Hands-on-training tailored in response to pre-questionnaire-based survey on image-guided brachytherapy effectively reduces anxiety about its implementation
Authors: Okonogi Noriyuki , Murakami Naoya , Takatsu Jun , Iijima Kotaro , Kawamoto Terufumi , Oshima Masaki , Okuma Kae , Masui Koji , Murata Kazutoshi , Okamoto Hiroyuki , Yoshida Ken , Noda Shin-ei , Numajiri Haruko , Watanabe Miho , Tsuchida Keisuke , Muramoto Yoichi , Karino Tatsuki , Ohno Tatsuya , Shikama Naoto 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This study assessed the significance of hands-on-training (HoT) and questionnaire-based surveys on 3D image-guided brachytherapy (3D-IGBT) and a combination of intracavitary and interstitial brachytherapy, the so-called ‘hybrid’ BT (HBT), in uterine cervical cancer. In October 2023, 29 radiation oncologists, nurses, radiologic technologists and medical physicists from 10 Japanese facilities participated in an HoT on 3D-IGBT and HBT. Questionnaires were distributed to each participant before and after the HoT, and feedback was obtained through online channels. The questionnaire response rate was 83% (24/29), with at least one participant responding from each facility. ‘Insertion of applicators and needles’, ‘human resource shortage’ and ‘pain relief and sedation’ were the primary concerns of radiation oncologists. ‘Applicator reconstruction’, ‘ optimization of dwell positions’, ‘ treatment planning’ and ‘ human resource shortages ’ were the primary concerns of radiological technologists and medical physicists. The HoT content was adjusted according to the results of preliminary surveys. The concerns expressed by the participants were addressed during the lectures and practical training. Significant reductions in anxiety were observed toward all items of the 10-point self-assessment after the HoT, regardless of the profession. The average score on satisfaction with the HoT (on a 10-point scale) was 9.52 (minimum of 8 and maximum of 10). In conclusion, HoT tailored in response to a pre-questionnaire-based survey effectively reduced participants’ anxiety regarding the implementation of 3D-IGBT and HBT.
Statistical inference for multivariate extremes via a geometric approach
Authors: Wadsworth Jennifer L , Campbell Ryan 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
A geometric representation for multivariate extremes, based on the shapes of scaled sample clouds in light-tailed margins and their so-called limit sets, has recently been shown to connect several existing extremal dependence concepts. However, these results are purely probabilistic, and the geometric approach itself has not been fully exploited for statistical inference. We outline a method for parametric estimation of the limit set shape, which includes a useful non-/semi-parametric estimate as a pre-processing step. More fundamentally, our approach provides a new class of asymptotically motivated statistical models for the tails of multivariate distributions, and such models can accommodate any combination of simultaneous or non-simultaneous extremes through appropriate parametric forms for the limit set shape. Extrapolation further into the tail of the distribution is possible via simulation from the fitted model. A simulation study confirms that our methodology is very competitive with existing approaches and can successfully allow estimation of small probabilities in regions where other methods struggle. We apply the methodology to two environmental datasets, with diagnostics demonstrating a good fit.