bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rodent Gut Bacteria Coexisting with an Insect Gut Virus in Parasitic Cysts: Metagenomic Evidence of Microbial Translocation and Co-adaptation in Spatially-Confined Niches
Authors: Ammar Amro , Singh Vaidhvi , Ilic Sanja , Samiksha Fnu , Marsh Antoinette , Rodriguez-Palacios Alex 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn medicine, parasitic cysts or cysticerci (fluid-filled cysts, larval stage of tapeworms) are believed to be sterile (no bacteria), and therein, the treatment of cysticerci infestations of deep extra-intestinal tissues (e.g., brain) relies almost exclusively on the use of antiparasitic medications, and rarely antibiotics. To date, however, it is unclear why common post-treatment complications include abscessation. This study quantified the microbial composition of parasitic cyst contents in a higher-order rodent host, using multi-kingdom shotgun metagenomics, to improve our understanding of gut microbial translocation and adaptation strategies in wild environments. Analysis was conducted on DNA from two hepatic parasitic cysts (Hydatigera (Taeenia) taeniaeformis) in an adult vole mouse (Microtus arvalis), and from feces, liver, and peritoneal fluid of three other vole family members living in a vegetable garden in Ohio, USA. Bacterial metagenomics revealed the presence of gut commensal/opportunistic species, includingParabacteroides distasonis, Klebsiella variicola, Enterococcus faecium, andLactobacillus acidophilus, inhabiting the cysts.Parabacteroides distasonisand other species were also present outside the cyst in the peritoneal fluid. Remarkably, viral metagenomics revealed various murine viral species, but unexpectedly, it detected an insect-origin virus from the army moth (Pseudaletia/Mythimna unipuncta) known as Mythimna unipuncta granulovirus A (MyunGV-A) in both cysts, and in one fecal and one peritoneal sample from two different voles, indicating survival of the insect virus and adaption in voles. Metagenomics also revealed a significantly lower probability of fungal detection in the cysts compared to other samples (peritoneal fluid, p<0.05; and feces p<0.05), with single taxon detection in each cyst forMalasseziaandPseudophaeomoniella oleicola. The samples with a higher probability of fungi were the peritoneal fluid. In conclusion, commensal/pathobiont bacterial species can inhabit parasitic tapeworm cysts, which needs to be considered during therapeutic decisions of cysticerci or other chronic disease scenarios where immune privileged and spatially restricted ecosystems with limited nutrients and minimal presence of immune cells could facilitate microbial adaptation, such as within gut wall cavitating micropathologies in Crohn’s disease.
Alzheimer’s disease induced neurons bearingPSEN1mutations exhibit reduced excitability
Authors: Maksour Simon , Finol-Urdaneta Rocio K. , Hulme Amy J. , Cabral-da-Silva Mauricio Castro , Dias Anastacio Helena Targa , Balez Rachelle , Berg Tracey , Turner Calista , Sanz Muñoz Sonia , Engel Martin , Kalajdzic Predrag , Lisowski Leszek , Sidhu Kuldip , Sachdev Perminder S. , Dottori Mirella , Ooi Lezanne 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is a devastating neurodegenerative condition that affects memory and cognition, characterized by neuronal loss and currently lacking a cure. Mutations inPSEN1(Presenilin 1) are among the most common causes of early-onset familial AD (fAD). While changes in neuronal excitability are believed to be early indicators of AD progression, the link betweenPSEN1mutations and neuronal excitability remains to be fully elucidated. This study examined induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived NGN2 induced neurons (iNs) from fAD patients withPSEN1mutations S290C or A246E, alongside CRISPR-corrected isogenic cell lines, to investigate early changes in excitability. Electrophysiological profiling revealed reduced excitability in bothPSEN1mutant iNs compared to their isogenic controls. Neurons bearing S290C and A246E mutations exhibited divergent passive membrane properties compared to isogenic controls, suggesting distinct effects ofPSEN1mutations on neuronal excitability. Additionally, bothPSEN1backgrounds exhibited higher current density of voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channels relative to their isogenic iNs, while displaying comparable voltage-gated sodium (Nav) channel current density. This suggests that the Nav/Kv imbalance contributes to impaired neuronal firing in fAD iNs. Deciphering these early cellular and molecular changes in AD is crucial for understanding the disease pathogenesis.
A computational model for bacteriophageϕX174 gene expression
Authors: Hill Alexis M. , Ingle Tanvi A. , Wilke Claus O. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBacteriophageϕX174 has been widely used as a model organism to study fundamental processes in molecular biology. However, several aspects ofϕX174 gene regulation are not fully resolved. Here we construct a computational model forϕX174 and use the model to study gene regulation during the phage infection cycle. We estimate the relative strengths of transcription regulatory elements (promoters and terminators) by fitting the model to transcriptomics data. We show that the specific arrangement of a promoter followed immediately by a terminator, which occurs naturally in theϕX174 genome, poses a parameter identifiability problem for the model, since the activity of one element can be partially compensated for by the other. We also simulateϕX174 gene expression with two additional, putative transcription regulatory elements that have been proposed in prior studies. We find that the activities of these putative elements are estimated to be weak, and that variation inϕX174 transcript abundances can be adequately explained without them. Overall, our work demonstrates thatϕX174 gene regulation is well described by the canonical set of promoters and terminators widely used in the literature.
Neural networks built from enzymatic reactions can operate as linear and nonlinear classifiers
Authors: Samaniego Christian Cuba , Wallace Emily , Blanchini Franco , Franco Elisa , Giordano Giulia 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe engineering of molecular programs capable of processing patterns of multi-input biomarkers holds great potential in applications ranging from in vitro diagnostics (e.g., viral detection, including COVID-19) to therapeutic interventions (e.g., discriminating cancer cells from normal cells). For this reason, mechanisms to design molecular networks for pattern recognition are highly sought after. In this work, we explore how enzymatic networks can be used for both linear and nonlinear classification tasks. By leveraging steady-state analysis and showing global stability, we demonstrate that these networks can function as molecular perceptrons, fundamental units of artificial neural networks—capable of processing multiple inputs associated with positive and negative weights to achieve linear classification. Furthermore, by composing orthogonal enzymatic reactions, we show that multi-layer networks can be constructed to achieve nonlinear classification.
Students' help-seeking mediates the relationship between happiness and self-strength: a comparative study on Chinese and Pakistani adolescents
Authors: Tabassum Umaira , Qiang Xing , Abbas Jaffar , Amjad Amjad Islam , Al-Sulaiti Khalid Ibrahim 
Published: March 2024

PurposePositive psychology helps us understand the knowledge required to contribute to adolescents' societal development and adjustability. Adolescence is the crucial stage to work on for a balanced personality. The present study concerned adolescents' self-strength, happiness, and help-seeking behaviour. The authors aimed to explore the relationship between adolescents' self-strength and happiness and investigate the mediational effect of adolescents' help-seeking behaviour on their self-strength and happiness.Design/methodology/approachThe research design of the current quantitative study was correlational, and 809 adolescents from China and Pakistan participated in the present study. Data were personally collected from participants through self-developed scales.FindingsWe deployed Pearson correlation and simple mediation using SPSS software and found a linear, positive, strong (r = 0.654, n = 809, p = 0.000 < 0.01) and statistically significant correlation between adolescents' self-strength and happiness. The authors also found a significant indirect effect of help-seeking on adolescents' self-strength and happiness at (β = 0.373, t(907) = 7.01).Research limitations/implicationsUsing self-reported scales to gather information was one of the study's limitations. Adolescents may have misunderstood the notion or construct narrated in words or responded biasedly despite the bilingual scales.Practical implicationsThis study offers social and practical implications for educators, parents, and school administrators to address the development of adolescents' personalities using a positive psychology lens.Originality/valueThe findings are of significant importance for teachers working in the elementary schools. They may work on adolescents' self-strength, happiness, and help-seeking to develop balanced personalities.
Development of an atrial transseptal puncture procedure in horses to access the left heart: An ultrasound‐guided jugular vein and transhepatic approach
Authors: Vernemmen Ingrid , Van Steenkiste Glenn , Buschmann Eva , Cornelis Kristoff , Schauvliege Stijn , Ibrahim Lara , Decloedt Annelies , van Loon Gunther 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundRadiofrequency ablation has been successfully applied to treat right atrial arrhythmias in horses. Ablation of left‐sided arrhythmias requires a retrograde transarterial approach which is complicated. In human medicine, the left atrium is accessed through transseptal puncture (TSP) of the fossa ovalis (FO) using a caudal approach via the femoral vein.ObjectivesTo develop a zero fluoroscopy TSP technique for horses using a jugular vein (cranial) and transhepatic (caudal) approach.Study designIn vivo experimental study.MethodsTransseptal puncture was performed in 18 horses admitted for euthanasia and donated for scientific research under general anaesthesia: using a jugular vein approach (10 horses), a transhepatic approach (2 horses) or both (6 horses). Radiofrequency energy was applied on a guidewire to perforate the FO and allow sheath advancement under intracardiac and transthoracic echocardiographic guidance. Puncture lesions were inspected post‐mortem.ResultsTransseptal puncture was successful in 17/18 horses, of which 15/16 jugular vein approaches and 5/8 transhepatic approaches. Failure was due to technical malfunction, inability to advance the guidewire toward the heart and inability to advance the sheath through the FO. Intracardiac echocardiography was essential to safely guide the puncture process. Atrial arrhythmias caused by the TSP occurred in 13/18 horses. Puncture lesions were found in the right atrium in the FO region, and left atrium ventral to pulmonary vein ostium III.Main limitationsBecause in several horses two approaches were tested consecutively, it cannot be excluded that the second TSP was performed at the previous puncture site. Due to the developmental nature of the study the approaches were not randomised and did not allow comparison.ConclusionTransseptal puncture is feasible in horses using ultrasound guidance and allows for electrophysiological exploration of the left heart. Further studies are needed to evaluate post‐operative follow‐up.
Cattle dry manure fertilization increases forage yield of grass‐legume mixtures, while maintaining the legume proportion and root‐associated microbiota
Authors: Oyharçabal Estefanía , Covacevich Fernanda , Bain Ingrid , Acuña Claudina Soledad , Berone Germán Darío 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe aim of this study was to find ways to improve the forage yield of grass‐legume mixtures without compromising soil biodiversity. In Argentinean Patagonia, the effects of applying cattle dry manure (M) and urea (U) (0, 60, 120, or 240 kg N ha−1 year−1) were assessed on herbage production of irrigated fescue‐lotus mixtures, as well as on the activity/abundance of autochthonous arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and N‐fixing rhizobium bacteria. We hypothesised that manure has advantages over urea in increasing forage yields while maintaining the proportion of legumes and root‐associated microbiota. The 120 U, 240 U, and 240 M resulted in the greatest forage production; however, yield varied depending on the source applied. The high productivity of the 120 U and 240 U was probably due to the fast grass growth immediately after fertilization, which resulted in a depressed growth of the legume. The high yield of the swards fertilized with 240 M was probably due to slight and delayed growth of grass without legume yield decline. The highest radiation interception was found in swards with a low legume proportion, suggesting a light competition from grass fertilized with the highest urea doses, which were also consistent with the highest N and P nutritional status. The microbial activity/abundance were not affected by fertilization, but the final number of nodules was positively associated with the legume proportion. In conclusion, manure fertilization increased forage yield of the mixtures, while preserving the legume proportion and the root‐associated microbiota. Our findings aid in reducing synthetic‐N fertilizers applied in pasture‐based livestock systems.
Investigating low rates of compliance to graduated compression therapy for chronic venous insufficiency: A systematic review
Authors: Stevenson Elise M. , Coda Andrea , Bourke Michael D. J. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractChronic venous insufficiency (CVI) is a chronic lower limb progressive disorder with significant burden. Graduated compression therapy is the gold‐standard treatment, but its underutilisation, as indicated in recent literature, may be contributing to the growing burden of CVI. The aim of this systematic review is to determine the reasons for poor compliance in patients who are prescribed graduated compression therapy in the management of chronic venous insufficiency. A systematic review of the literature was conducted to identify the reasons for non‐compliance in wearing graduated compression therapy in the management of chronic venous insufficiency. The keyword search was conducted through Medline, PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane library, AMED, and Embase databases from 2000 to April 2023. Qualitative and quantitative studies were included with no study design or language limits imposed on the search. The study populations were restricted to adults aged over 18 years, diagnosed with chronic venous insufficiency. Of the 856 studies found, 80 full‐text articles were reviewed, with 14 being eligible for the review. Due to the variability in study designs, the results were summarised rather than subjected to meta‐analysis. There are five main overarching themes for non‐compliance, which are physical limitations, health literacy, discomfort, financial issues, and psychosocial issues with emerging sub‐themes. Graduated compression therapy has the potential to reduce the burden of chronic venous insufficiency if patients are more compliant with their prescription.
A mixed‐method systematic review of the perspectives of young people, carers and professionals on psychiatric diagnosis in childhood and adolescence
Authors: Gill Jodie , Jones Alexis , Price Klara , Goodison Egan , Tyson Philip 
Published: March 2024

AbstractProblemThe significance and complexities of a psychiatric diagnosis have been well‐documented in existing literature. Despite the reliability and accuracy of such diagnoses, the impact and use of diagnostic labelling on young people remains unclear.MethodsA systematic review was conducted using six databases, identifying 13 studies that explored psychiatric diagnosis experiences in professionals, caregivers, and young people.FindingsThis review focuses on three main themes related to psychiatric diagnosis in young people. The first theme is diagnostic subjectivity, which explores the accuracy, usefulness, potential harm and alternatives (e.g. psychological formulation) to psychiatric diagnosis in this population. The second theme is the utility of psychiatric diagnosis, which considers whether it helps young people access appropriate support and gain a better understanding of themselves and their presenting issues. The third theme is stigma, which examines the negative experiences and discrimination that young people may face due to their psychiatric diagnosis.ConclusionsThere is relatively limited literature which discusses the experience of psychiatric diagnosis in young people, caregivers and professionals. The available literature is difficult to compare due to discrepancies between methodologies and services, and there are several gaps i.e. a limited focus on the experience of young people themselves. Different views and experiences of psychiatric diagnosis among professionals, caregivers, and young people could impact young people's quality of life, access to healthcare, and identity development. The current literature needs to be more comprehensive to draw firm conclusions about young people's experiences with psychiatric diagnosis.
Determinants of the Credit Cycle: A Flow Analysis of the Extensive Margin
Authors: CUCINIELLO VINCENZO , IASIO NICOLA DI 
Published: March 2024

AbstractExamining two decades of loan‐level data on Italian bank loans to households and businesses, we find that credit fluctuations primarily result from changes in the number of borrowers (extensive margin). Employing a flow approach, we decompose the extensive margin into inflows and outflows, revealing that borrower inflows significantly contribute to total borrower volatility. Moreover, borrower inflows exhibit greater volatility than outflows, are procyclical, and lead the business cycle. Utilizing a shift‐and‐share instrument derived from sectoral borrower inflows, our findings reveal that local markets experiencing increased credit demand exhibit a loosening of lending standards and a rise in bad loans. This sheds light on the intricate relationship between credit demand and financial instability at the local level.
Early experience with the new DORA daridorexant in patients with insomnia disorder and comorbid mental disturbances: Results of a naturalistic study with 3 months follow‐up
Authors: Palagini Laura , Alfi Gaspare , Gurrieri Riccardo , Annuzzi Eric , Caruso Valerio , Gambini Matteo , Grenno Giovanna , Trivella Marco , Presta Silvio , Miniati Mario , Pini Stefano , Perugi Giulio , Gemignani Angelo 
Published: March 2024

SummaryInsomnia disorder may affect mental health, increasing suicidal risk. Targeting insomnia is crucial in the clinical practice. Sixty‐six consecutive patients with insomnia disorder according with the DSM‐5‐TR criteria were treated with the dual orexin receptor antagonist, daridorexant 50 mg. Baseline (T0), 1 month (T1) and 3 month (T2) evaluations were performed. Insomnia severity (Insomnia Severity Index), mood, anxiety symptoms and suicidal risk (Beck Depression Inventory‐II, Young Mania Rating Scale, Self‐Reported Anxiety Scale, Suicidal Ideation Scale), dysfunctional insomnia‐cognitive factors and pre‐sleep arousal (Dysfunctional Beliefs About Sleep, Pre‐Sleep Arousal Scale) were evaluated. The final sample included 66 patients (n = 36, 54% females, mean age 60 ± 13.6 years). Most of them, 64%, suffered from insomnia disorder comorbid with unipolar/bipolar depression, anxiety disorders and substance use disorders. Repeated ANOVA analyses showed that Insomnia Severity Index, Dysfunctional Beliefs About Sleep and Pre‐Sleep Arousal Scale total score decreased across time (F = 68.818, p < 0.001; F = 47.561, p < 0.001; F = 28.142, p < 0.001, respectively). Similarly, Beck Depression Inventory‐II, Self‐Reported Anxiety Scale, Young Mania Rating Scale, and Suicidal Ideation Scale significantly decreased over time (p < 0.001). Predictors of insomnia remission (Insomnia Severity Index < 8) at T1 were improvement of Insomnia Severity Index at T1 (F = 60.205, p < 0.001), and improvement of Dysfunctional Beliefs About Sleep at T1 (F = 4.432, p = 0.041). Insomnia remission at T2 was best predicted by improvement of Dysfunctional Beliefs About Sleep at T2 (F = 3.993, p = 0.023). Multiple‐regression models showed that clinical improvement of Beck Depression Inventory‐II was best predicted by improvement in Dysfunctional Beliefs About Sleep at T1 and T2, manic symptoms by Insomnia Severity Index at T2, anxiety symptoms by Dysfunctional Beliefs About Sleep, Insomnia Severity Index and somatic Pre‐Sleep Arousal Scale at T1 and T2. With the caution of a naturalistic design, early experience with daridorexant showed that by targeting insomnia it may be possible to improve not only insomnia symptoms but also comorbid symptoms.
Put–Call Parities, absence of arbitrage opportunities, and nonlinear pricing rules
Authors: Bastianello Lorenzo , Chateauneuf Alain , Cornet Bernard 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWhen prices of assets traded in a financial market are determined by nonlinear pricing rules, different parities between call and put options have been considered. We show that, under monotonicity, parities between call and put options and discount certificates characterize ambiguity‐sensitive (Choquet and/or Šipoš) pricing rules, that is, pricing rules that can be represented via discounted expectations with respect to non‐additive probability measures. We analyze how nonadditivity relates to arbitrage opportunities and we give necessary and sufficient conditions for Choquet and Šipoš pricing rules to be arbitrage free. Finally, we identify violations of the Call‐Put Parity with the presence of bid–ask spreads.
Dynamics on a submanifold: intermediate formalism versus Hamiltonian reduction of Dirac bracket, and integrability
Authors: Deriglazov Alexei A. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWe consider the Lagrangian dynamical system forced to move on a submanifold $$G_\alpha (q^A)=0$$

G
α

(

q
A

)

=
0

. If for some reason we are interested in knowing the dynamics of all original variables $$q^A(t)$$

q
A

(
t
)

, the most economical would be a Hamiltonian formulation on the intermediate phase-space submanifold spanned by reducible variables $$q^A$$

q
A

and an irreducible set of momenta $$p_i$$

p
i

, $$[i]=[A]-[\alpha ]$$

[
i
]
=
[
A
]
-
[
α
]

. We describe and compare two different possibilities for establishing the Poisson structure and Hamiltonian dynamics on an intermediate submanifold: Hamiltonian reduction of the Dirac bracket and intermediate formalism. As an example of the application of intermediate formalism, we deduce on this basis the Euler–Poisson equations of a spinning body, establish the underlying Poisson structure, and write their general solution in terms of the exponential of the Hamiltonian vector field.