bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Successful Treatment of Fulminating Complications Associated with Extensive Rhabdomyolysis by Plasma Exchange
Authors: Kuroda Mitsuhiko , Katsuki Kenichi , Uehara Hajime , Kita Tohru , Asaka Satoshi , Miyazaki Ryoichi , Akiyama Takashi , Tofuku Yohei , Takeda Ryoyu 
Published: November 2008

ABSTRACTThe first successful treatment by plasma exchange of acute renal failure and disseminated intravascular coagulation, as well as liver and central nervous system damage, was achieved in two patients with severe multiorgan damage associated with extensive muscle tissue damage caused by heatstroke and/or electrical injury. Substances derived from damaged muscle tissue, such as myoglobin and enzymes, were efficiently removed by a cellulose acetate membrane filter. Improvement of consciousness, disturbance, coagulation disorder, and renal failure were observed. The disorders associated with extensive rhabdomyolysis seem to be a promising indication for this therapy. Plasma exchange with a membrane filter is useful for treatment of patients with renal failure, being readily connected on‐line with conventional dialysis.
Pseudoendothelium Formation in Expanded Polytetrafluoroethylene Grafts Implanted in the Inferior Vena Cava of Normal and Defibrinogenated dogs
Authors: Ishimaru Shin , W‐O Eva Berglin , Hansson Hans‐Arne , Teger‐Nilsson Ann‐Catrine , William‐Olsson Göran 
Published: November 2008

ABSTRACTThe outgrowth of endothelial cells in an expanded polytetrafluoroethylene graft implanted in the canine inferior vena cava was studied by scanning electron microscopy. The adjacent endothelial cells of the vena cava started to invade the anastomotic area three days after the implantation and reached approximately the central part of the 2‐cm‐long graft after 21 days. There was no obvious difference in the process of endothelialization between the control group and the moderately defibrinogenated group, in which the fibrinogen concentration was at most 0.72‐0.87 gm/L. A slight delay in the outgrowth of endothelial cells was noted within the first seven days in the severely defibrinogenated group, in which the fibrinogen concentration was below 0.40 gm/L. After 70 days, all grafts were completely covered by endothelial cells. The structural difference of the mural thrombus resulting from reduced fibrin formation might be a major factor influencing the endothelium formation.
Mass Transfer in Membrane Plasma Exchange
Authors: Randerson David H. , Blumenstein Matthias , Habersetzer Rupert , Samtleben Walter , Schmidt Baerbel , Gurland Hans J. 
Published: November 2008

ABSTRACTIn vitro and in vivo sieving coefficients (SC) have been determined for a spectrum of proteins ranging in molecular weight from 66,500 daltons (albumin) to 2.4 million (β‐lipoprotein) daltons for three commercially available membrane plasma separation devices: the Plasmaflo 01, Plasmaflo 02, and Plasmaflux. A model relating serum level of a protein to pretherapy level, plasma volume, plasma filtration rate, membrane SC, and duration of treatment has been used to investigate the influence of SC on exchange efficiency. Comparison of predicted and clinically obtained reductions in serum solute levels demonstrated the validity of the model. The results of the analysis suggest that all three plasma separators are capable of delivering equally acceptable therapy. The model further demonstrates the decreasing effectiveness, and increased cost in terms of replacement fluid per unit of solute removed, with prolonged treatment times.
The Thin‐Film Adsorber Hemoperfusion Device: Development and Evaluation of Clearance Characteristics
Authors: Cooney David O. , Kane Robert P. 
Published: November 2008

ABSTRACTA novel hemoperfusion device was developed by embedding powered activated charcoal in thin (150 μm) films of cellulose nitrate. These films were sprinkled with small particles of granular charcoal and wound into spools, which were then placed in a plastic housing. The use of powdered charcoal exploits the enormous rate‐of‐uptake advantage of powered charcoal over the granular sorbents found in other hemoperfusion devices. The granular carbon sprinkled on the films was primarily to provide spacing between adjacent film layers for adequate fluid flow; the granules did enhance long‐term uptake in addition. Clearance tests with this novel “thin‐film adsorber,” using sodium salicylate, sodium barbital, and creatinine, showed that its rate of solute adsorption, particularly at early times, was consistently very high. This type of hemoperfusion device is a promising alternative to the granular‐sorbent types of devices currently available, especially when maximal solute removal during the early stages of treatment is mandated.
Hexsyn Trileaflet Valve: Application to Temporary Blood Pumps
Authors: Kiraly Raymond , Yozu Ryohei , Hillegass Donald , Harasaki Hiroaki , Murabayashi Shun , Snow Jeffrey , Nosé Yukihiko 
Published: November 2008

ABSTRACTA trileaflet valve, compression molded of Hexsyn rubber, was evaluated as a component in temporary blood pumps. A pair of valves was integrated into an LVAD which was tested in vitro and in vivo. The valve's hemodynamic performance was satisfactory and the blood compatibility was excellent in a three‐week, in vivo experiment conducted to demonstrate performance in a short‐term application. Hexsyn, which has excellent properties and produces high quality, complex components with ease of fabrication, offers a potential for low‐cost blood pump valves.
Surgical Use of Fluosol‐DA in Jehovah's Witness Patients
Authors: Ohyanagi Harumasa , Nakaya Seishi , Okumura Shuichi , Saitoh Yoichi 
Published: November 2008

Abstract: The effects of Fluosol‐DA 20% on circulating blood cells, hemodynamic parameters, blood gases, and organs are described and compared with the results of phase I human studies and animal experiments. Because of preoperative anemia and/or surgical bleeding, Fluosol‐DA 20% was administered to 7 of 10 Jehovah's Witness patients treated in this hospital. Six received 1,000 ml and the seventh received 2,000 ml. Hematological changes were examined after the administration of a 1‐ml test dose and at early and late stages of Fluosol‐DA 20% administration. Hemodynamics and blood gases were measured before and after infusion of Fluosol‐DA 20%. Hepatic function was also determined. A drop in neutrophils and platelets was observed in some patients after the injection of a 1‐ml test dose. This transient reaction was of short term, and the neutrophil and platelet levels recovered spontaneously. Both the efficacy and the safety of Fluosol‐DA 20% were demonstrated in these patients.Summary: Because of preoperative anemia and/or moderate surgical bleeding, Fluosol‐DA 20% was administered to seven Jehovah's Witness patients: six with a dose of 1,000 ml each and one with a dose of 2,000 ml.A transient drop in neutrophils and platelets was observed in four patients after the injection of a 1‐ml test dose of Fluosol‐DA 20%. However, pretreatment with drugs seemed to be dispensable because this initial reaction was transient and reversible.The efficacy and safety of Fluosol‐DA were demonstrated in these patients when the fractional concentration of the oxygen in inspired gas was ˜0.5 or 0.6.Intravenous administration of Fluosol‐DA 20% (up to 30 ml/kg) to hemorrhagic patients supported the hypothesis that Fluosol‐DA 20% can be used clinically as a blood gas carrier, in emergency situations, without any untoward reactions.
Large‐Scale Production and Cultivation of Hepatocytes on Biosilon Microcarriers
Authors: Shnyra Alexander , Bocharov Alexander , Bochkova Natalia , Spirov Valentin 
Published: November 2008

Abstract: A method for large‐scale production of hepatocytes on microcarriers have been developed for the purpose of bioartificial liver support system. Hepatocytes obtained by collagenase treatment of rat liver were efficiently attached and spread on a microcarrier surface in the presence of O2‐saturated perfluorodecalin. In order to compare the metabolic activities of hepatocytes under long‐term cultivation on microcarriers with those of cells under conventional monolayer culture, some liver‐specific functions were investigated. Microcarrier‐at‐tached hepatocytes cultured in the absence of serum for 8 days synthesized and secreted albumin and fibronectin.Moreover, hepatocytes on microcarriers retained the ability to conjugate bilirubin for 4–5 days. With respect to these specific metabolic properties, microcarrier‐attached hepatocytes were comparable to those from routine dish culture. These results suggest that this method developed for large‐scale production of hepatocytes on microcarriers will allow one to obtain metabolically active cells suitable for extracorporeal liver support systems.
Transplantation of Autologous Tissue Fragments into an e‐PTFE Graft with Long Fibrils
Authors: Noishiki Yasuharu , Yamane Yoshihisa , Tomizawa Yasuko , Matsumoto Akihiko 
Published: November 2008

Abstract: An expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (e‐PTFE) graft with long fibrils transplanted with bone marrow showed rapid and uniform neointima formation in a dog study. The e‐PTFE grafts (fibril length, 90 μm; 6 mm internal diameter; length, 6–8 cm) transplanted with autologous bone marrow were implanted in the abdominal aortae of 10 dogs and retrieved at 3 weeks and 3 months after implantation. Control e‐PTFE grafts without bone marrow treatment were also implanted in the same manner in 8 dogs. Macroscopically the treated graft wall appeared red in color; however, there was no thrombus deposition on the surface. Light microscopic observation revealed that the treated grafts were completely lined with endothelial cells at 3 weeks. The neointima was uniform without intimai hyperplasia at the anastomotic sites.Inside the graft wall many capillary blood vessels were observed. At 3 months moderate intimai hyperplasia throughout the graft with complete endothelialization was observed. In the control grafts, endothelialization was observed at the anastomotic sites; however, half of the other areas were covered with a fibrin layer devoid of endothelial cells even in the 3‐month grafts. These results indicated that neointima formation was effectively accelerated with the autologous bone marrow transplantation, but moderate intimai hyperplasia throughout the graft was inevitable in e‐PTFE grafts even after complete endothelialization.
Prediction of Hemolysis in Turbulent Shear Orifice Flow
Authors: Tamagawa Masaaki , Akamatsu Teruaki , Saitoh Keijiroh 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThis study proposes a method of predicting hemolysis induced by turbulent shear stress (Reynolds stress) in a simplified orifice pipe flow. In developing centrifugal blood pumps, there has been a serious problem with hemolysis at the impeller or casing edge; because of flow separation and turbulence in these regions. In the present study, hemolysis caused by turbulent shear stress must occur at high shear stress levels in regions near the edge of an orifice pipe flow. We have computed turbulent shear flow using the low‐Reynolds number k ‐ε model. We found that the computed turbulent shear stress near the edge was several hundreds times that of the laminar shear stress (molecular shear stress). The peak turbulent shear stress is much greater than that obtained in conventional hemolysis testing using a viscometer apparatus. Thus, these high turbulent shear stresses should not be ignored in estimating hemolysis in this blood flow. Using an integrated power by shear force, it is optimimal to determine the threshold of the turbulent shear stress by comparing computed stress levels with those of hemolysis experiments of pipe orifice blood flow.
Vigabatrin extracellular pharmacokinetics and concurrent γ‐aminobutyric acid neurotransmitter effects in rat frontal cortex and hippocampus using microdialysis
Authors: Tong Xin , Ratnaraj Neville , Patsalos Philip N. 
Published: November 2008

SummaryPurpose: To investigate the pharmacokinetic interrelationship of vigabatrin in blood and the brain (frontal cortex vs. hippocampus) and to ascertain the relationship between brain extracellular vigabatrin concentrations and concurrent γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) concentrations.Methods: Sprague‐Dawley rats were implanted with a jugular vein catheter for blood sampling, and microdialysis probes in the frontal cortex and hippocampus for extracellular fluid (ECF) sampling. Vigabatrin was administered intraperitoneally at two different doses (500 and 1,000 mg/kg), and blood and ECF were collected at timed intervals up to 8 h. Rats were freely moving and behaving. Vigabatrin (sera and ECF) and GABA (ECF) concentrations were measured with use of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).Results: Vigabatrin concentrations in blood rose linearly and dose‐dependently, and vigabatrin rapidly appeared in the brain as evidenced by the detection of vigabatrin in the ECF of both the frontal cortex and hippocampus at time of first sampling (15 min). However, frontal cortex concentrations were twofold greater than those of the hippocampus. Furthermore, GABA concentrations increased five‐fold in the frontal cortex but were unaffected in the hippocampus. In addition, GABA concentrations began to increase approximately 3 h after vigabatrin administration at a time when vigabatrin concentrations were in exponential decline.Conclusions: Vigabatrin distribution in the brain is region specific, with frontal cortex concentrations substantially greater than those seen in the hippocampus. Elevation of GABA concentrations did not reflect the concentration profile of vigabatrin but reflected its regional distribution.
Six years' experience performing RHD genotyping to confirm D− red blood cell units in Germany for preventing anti‐D immunizations
Authors: Flegel Willy A. , Von Zabern Inge , Wagner Franz F. 
Published: November 2008

BACKGROUND: Red blood cell (RBC) units of D+ donors are falsely labeled D− if regular serologic typing fails to detect low D antigen expression or chimerism. The limitations of serology can be overcome by molecular typing.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: In January 2002, we introduced a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐based assay for RHD as a routine test for first‐time donors who typed D− by serologic methods including the indirect antiglobulin test. Samples were tested in pools of 20 for the RHD‐specific polymorphism in Intron 4. RHD alleles were identified by PCR and nucleotide sequencing.RESULTS: Within 6 years, 46,133 serologically D− first‐time donors were screened for the RHD gene. The prevalence of RHD gene carriers detected by this method was 0.21 percent. Twenty‐three RHD alleles were found of which 15 were new. Approximately one‐half of the RHD gene carriers harbored alleles expressing a DEL phenotype resulting in a prevalence of 0.1 percent.CONCLUSION: The integration of RHD genotyping into the routine screening program was practical. We report 6 years' experience of this donor testing policy, which is not performed in most transfusion services worldwide. RBC units of donors with DEL phenotype have been reported to anti‐D immunize D− recipients. We transferred those donors to the D+ donor pool with the rationale of preventing anti‐D immunizations, especially dreaded in pregnancies. For each population, it will be necessary to adapt the RHD genotyping strategy to the spectrum of prevalent alleles.
Anti‐“Mia” immunization is associated with HLA‐DRB1*0901
Authors: Chu Chen‐Chung , Ho Hsin‐Tsung , Lee Hui‐Lin , Chan Yung‐Shiu , Chang Fong‐Juan , Wang Chang‐Ling , Lin Marie 
Published: November 2008

BACKGROUND: Anti‐“Mia” is one of the most important irregular red blood cell antibodies found in Taiwan. The aim of this study was to investigate whether specific HLA‐DRB1 alleles are associated with anti‐“Mia” production.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: A case‐control retrospective study was performed on 68 patients showing presence of anti‐“Mia” and 219 unrelated control subjects from the Mackay Memorial Hospital. HLA‐DRB1 genotyping was carried out using sequence‐based typing method. Fisher's exact test using 2 × 2 contingency tables was used to analyze significance of the association between DRB1 polymorphisms and presence of anti‐“Mia” in patients.RESULTS: HLA‐DRB1*0901 allele frequency in the anti‐“Mia” group (30%) was significantly higher than in the control group (16%) with an odds ratio of 2.27 (95% confidence interval, 1.44‐3.55; p = 0.0005; pc = 0.016).CONCLUSION: HLA‐DRB1*0901 is significantly more prevalent in the anti‐“Mia” patients group than in the control group. It is suggested that cells from DR9 individuals might present processed “Mia” antigen‐allospecific peptides more effectively than cells from individuals carrying other DR phenotypes. Finally, it was predicted that two epitopes, derived from the MiIII glycophorin amino acid sequence, were likely to bind preferentially with the DR9 molecule. Further work will be necessary to determine if these epitopes are responsible for anti‐“Mia” alloimmunization.
Movement of grape mealybug, Pseudococcus maritimus, on and between host plants
Authors: Grasswitz Tessa R. , James David G. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThe importance of the grape mealybug, Pseudococcus maritimus (Ehrhorn) (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae), as a pest of wine grapes, Vitis vinifera L. (Vitaceae), has increased as a result of recent reports that it is capable of transmitting at least one of the viruses associated with grapevine leafroll disease. However, its natural rate of movement between host plants – and hence its role in the epidemiology of this disease – is poorly understood. In order to better assess the risk of field spread of leafroll disease by this insect, several experiments were conducted to determine the extent to which P. maritimus can move between grape plants, both by walking and by airborne dispersal. In experiments with first instars, both field and shade‐house studies indicated that the mealybugs do not walk far and only very rarely reach adjacent plants by this means. Field trapping experiments showed that grape mealybugs can be dispersed by wind, but that there is a marked decline in numbers with increasing distance from the source plant. The implications of these observations for the field spread and management of grapevine leafroll disease are discussed.
The effect of acetylsalicylic acid and oxalic acid on Myzus persicae and Aphidius colemani
Authors: Karatolos N. , Hatcher P. E. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractPlants can respond to damage by pests with both induced direct defences and indirect defences by the attraction of their natural enemies. Foliar application of several plant‐derived chemicals, such as salicylic acid and oxalic acid, can induce these defence mechanisms. The effect of acetylsalicylic acid and oxalic acid on the aphid Myzus persicae Sulzer (Homoptera: Aphididae) and its parasitoid Aphidius colemani Viereck (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae) was investigated. Experiments were carried out with direct application of acetylsalicylic and oxalic acids on these insects, as well as choice and no‐choice tests using foliar application of both chemicals on Brussels sprouts plants, Brassica oleracea var. gemmifera L. (Brassicaceae). Parasitoids were given a choice between treated and untreated plants for oviposition, and the effects of the chemicals on aphid and parasitoid development were determined. Although direct application of both chemicals increased aphid mortality, their foliar application did not induce resistance against aphids. The foliar application of such compounds, even in low concentration as shown in the choice tests, has the potential to induce indirect plant defences against aphids by encouraging aphid parasitisation. Although the direct application of both chemicals reduced parasitoid emergence from their hosts, the foliar application of acetylsalicylic acid and low concentrations of oxalic acid did not have a negative effect on parasitoid emergence ability. However, 10 mm oxalic acid reduced the number of emerged parasitoids in no‐choice experiments. This study shows that foliar application of acetylsalicylic and oxalic acids has the potential to encourage aphid parasitisation, but care is needed as high concentrations of oxalic acid can have a negative effect on these beneficial organisms.
Depressive symptoms predispose females to metabolic syndrome: a 7‐year follow‐up study
Authors: Vanhala M. , Jokelainen J. , Keinänen‐Kiukaanniemi S. , Kumpusalo E. , Koponen H. 
Published: November 2008

Objective:  To evaluate the risk for developing metabolic syndrome when having depressive symptoms.Method:  The prevalence of depressive symptoms and metabolic syndrome at baseline, and after a 7‐year follow‐up as measured with Beck depression inventory (BDI), and using the modified National Cholesterol Education Program – Adult Treatment Panel III criteria for metabolic syndrome (MetS) were studied in a middle‐aged population‐based sample (n = 1294).Results:  The logistic regression analysis showed a 2.5‐fold risk (95% CI: 1.2–5.2) for the females with depressive symptoms (BDI ≥10) at baseline to have MetS at the end of the follow‐up. The risk was highest in the subgroup with more melancholic symptoms evaluated with a summary score of the melancholic items in BDI (OR 6.81, 95% CI: 2.09–22.20). In men, there was no risk difference.Conclusion:  The higher risks for MetS in females with depressive symptoms at baseline suggest that depression may be an important predisposing factor for the development of MetS.
Oral hygiene practices, dental knowledge, dietary habits and their relation to caries among male primary school children in Al Hassa, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Amin TT , Al‐Abad BM 
Published: November 2008

Abstract:  Objectives:  To assess the frequency of consumption of cariogenic foods, oral hygiene practices and dental health knowledge among Saudi male primary school children in relation to socio‐demographics and to find the possible predictors for dental caries among them.Subjects and methods:  The cross‐sectional descriptive study included 1115 Saudi male selected by multistage random sample from 18 public primary schools. Subjects were interviewed by closed ended questionnaire gathering data regarding frequency consumption of some cariogenic foods, oral hygiene practices and dental health knowledge. Students were submitted to dental screening to detect the clinically evident caries lesion.Results:  The clinically decayed tooth was diagnosed in 68.9% of the included children, more in urban and younger students. Caries affected the subjects consumed cariogenic foods at greater frequency compared with caries‐free children. Only 24.5% of the students brushing their teeth twice or more per day, and 29% of them never received instructions regarding oral hygiene practices. Miswak as an alternative and/or additional method of dental cleaning was used by 44.6%. Stepwise logistic regression analysis revealed that maternal working conditions, large family size and poor oral hygiene practices were the chief predictors for dental caries among the included school children.Conclusion:  The poor oral hygiene practices, lack of parental guidance and appropriate dental health knowledge with frequent exposure to cariogenic foods in addition to socio‐demographics are the main risk factors for dental decay among the surveyed students.