bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Generation of human vascularized and chambered cardiac organoids for cardiac disease modelling and drug evaluation
Authors: Yang Jingsi , Lei Wei , Xiao Yang , Tan Shuai , Yang Jiani , Lin Yingjiong , Yang Zhuangzhuang , Zhao Dandan , Zhang Chunxiang , Shen Zhenya , Hu Shijun 
Published: March 2024

AbstractHuman induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)‐derived cardiac organoids (COs) have shown great potential in modelling human heart development and cardiovascular diseases, a leading cause of global death. However, several limitations such as low reproducibility, limited vascularization and difficulty in formation of cardiac chamber were yet to be overcome. We established a new method for robust generation of COs, via combination of methodologies of hiPSC‐derived vascular spheres and directly differentiated cardiomyocytes from hiPSCs, and investigated the potential application of human COs in cardiac injury modelling and drug evaluation. The human COs we built displayed a vascularized and chamber‐like structure, and hence were named vaschamcardioids (vcCOs). These vcCOs exhibited approximately 90% spontaneous beating ratio. Single‐cell transcriptomics identified a total of six cell types in the vcCOs, including cardiomyocytes, cardiac precursor cells, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, etc. We successfully recaptured the processes of cardiac injury and fibrosis in vivo on vcCOs, and showed that the FDA‐approved medication captopril significantly attenuated cardiac injury‐induced fibrosis and functional disorders. In addition, the human vcCOs exhibited an obvious drug toxicity reaction to doxorubicin in a dose‐dependent manner. We developed a three‐step method for robust generation of chamber‐like and vascularized complex vcCOs, and our data suggested that vcCOs might become a useful model for understanding pathophysiological mechanisms of cardiovascular diseases, developing intervention strategies and screening drugs.
Intraspecific variability of leaf form and function across habitat types
Authors: Puglielli Giacomo , Bricca Alessandro , Chelli Stefano , Petruzzellis Francesco , Acosta Alicia T. R. , Bacaro Giovanni , Beccari Eleonora , Bernardo Liliana , Bonari Gianmaria , Bolpagni Rossano , Boscutti Francesco , Calvia Giacomo , Campetella Giandiego , Cancellieri Laura , Canullo Roberto , Carbognani Michele , Carboni Marta , Carranza Maria Laura , Castellani Maria Beatrice , Ciccarelli Daniela , Coppi Andrea , Cutini Maurizio , Dalla Vecchia Alice , Dalle Fratte Michele , de Francesco Maria Carla , De Frenne Pieter , De Sanctis Michele , de Simone Leopoldo , Di Cecco Valter , Fanelli Giuliano , Farris Emmanuele , Ferrara Arianna , Fenu Giuseppe , Filibeck Goffredo , Gasperini Cristina , Gargano Domenico , Kindermann Elisabeth , La Bella Greta , Lastrucci Lorenzo , Lazzaro Lorenzo , Maccherini Simona , Marignani Michela , Mugnai Michele , Naselli‐Flores Luigi , Passalacqua Nicodemo Giuseppe , Pavanetto Nicola , Petraglia Alessandro , Rota Francesco , Santoianni Lucia Antonietta , Schettino Aldo , Selvi Federico , Stanisci Angela , Trotta Giacomo , Vangansbeke Pieter , Varricchione Marco , Vuerich Marco , Wellstein Camilla , Tordoni Enrico 
Published: March 2024

AbstractTrait‐based ecology has already revealed main independent axes of trait variation defining trait spaces that summarize plant adaptive strategies, but often ignoring intraspecific trait variability (ITV). By using empirical ITV‐level data for two independent dimensions of leaf form and function and 167 species across five habitat types (coastal dunes, forests, grasslands, heathlands, wetlands) in the Italian peninsula, we found that ITV: (i) rotated the axes of trait variation that define the trait space; (ii) increased the variance explained by these axes and (iii) affected the functional structure of the target trait space. However, the magnitude of these effects was rather small and depended on the trait and habitat type. Our results reinforce the idea that ITV is context‐dependent, calling for careful extrapolations of ITV patterns across traits and spatial scales. Importantly, our study provides a framework that can be used to start integrating ITV into trait space analyses.
“We should be treated like we are somebody”: Building supportive relationships with LGBTQ foster youth
Authors: Paul June C. , Cruys Caro 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis study uses in‐depth interviews and ecomapping techniques to explore LGBTQ youths' relationships with child welfare professionals and other affiliated, nonparental adults (CWP/ANPAs) who play a primary role in providing them with care and services.BackgroundSupportive relationships with caring adults are essential in reducing minority stress impacts and improving outcomes for LGBTQ foster youth, who often face victimization affecting their access to support. However, limited knowledge exists regarding LGBTQ foster youths' relationships with CWP/ANPAs and the role of relational support in their identity disclosure and access to appropriate care and services.MethodTwenty‐one LGBTQ foster youth, aged 17 to 21, participated in interviews and constructed visual diagrams of their relationships with CWP/ANPAs. Data were analyzed using directed content analysis.ResultsFindings highlight the need for CWP/ANPAs to improve relationships with LGBTQ foster youth. These improvements can be achieved through engagement in attitudes and practices that facilitate relationship development (e.g., empathy, respect, affirmation, knowledge, responsiveness), and reduce existing barriers (e.g., neglect, discrimination, mistreatment, lack of knowledge, fear of rejection).ConclusionsTo provide better support LGBTQ foster youth, CWP/ANPAs and child welfare agencies should increase their knowledge and skills, be more responsive to LGBTQ youths' specific needs, and implement inclusive policies and practice standards.ImplicationsCWP/ANPAs and agencies working with LGBTQ foster youth must develop an awareness and understanding of the strengths, needs, and challenges of LGBTQ foster youth to reduce stigma, bias, and discrimination in the foster care system and engage in affirming actions and practices that create a more inclusive environment for this population.
The birth of femtech lays fertile grounds for pregnancy discrimination in the workplace
Authors: Siddiqui Filza 
Published: March 2024

AbstractFemtech refers to electronic devices, software, or other technology relating to women's health. Employers are contributing to the rapid growth of femtech by adopting femtech products for workplace wellness programs. Due to a lack of federal laws or regulations, employers can access the personal, intimate information their employees record in these femtech products which can subject employees to pregnancy discrimination. Congress must enact a comprehensive consumer rights law and give the Federal Trade Commission more plenary power to prevent femtech companies from selling consumers' private health information to employers.
Population‐specific responses to developmental temperature in the arboviral vector Aedes albopictus: Implications for climate change
Authors: Carlassara Martina , Khorramnejad Ayda , Oker Helen , Bahrami Romina , Lozada‐Chávez Alejandro Nabor , Mancini Maria Vittoria , Quaranta Stefano , Body Mélanie J. A. , Lahondère Chloé , Bonizzoni Mariangela 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe increase of environmental temperature due to current global warming is not only favouring the expansion of the distribution range of many insect species, but it is also changing their phenology. Insect phenology is tightly linked to developmental timing, which is regulated by environmental temperatures. However, the degree to which the effects of developmental temperatures extend across developmental stages and their inter‐stage relationships have not been thoroughly quantified in mosquitoes. Here, we used the mosquito Aedes albopictus, which is an aggressive invasive species and an arboviral vector, to study how developmental temperature influences fitness across developmental stages, thermal traits, energy reserves, transcriptome and Wolbachia prevalence in laboratory‐reared populations originally collected from either temperate or tropical regions. We show that hatchability, larval and pupal viability and developmental speed are strongly influenced by temperature, and these effects extend to wing length, body mass, longevity and content of water, protein and lipids in adults in a population‐specific manner. On the contrary, neither adult thermal preference nor heat resistance significantly change with temperature. Wolbachia density was generally lower in adult mosquitoes reared at 18°C than at other tested temperatures, and transcriptome analysis showed enrichment for functions linked to stress responses (i.e. cuticle proteins and chitin, cytochrome p450 and heat shock proteins) in mosquitoes reared at both 18 and 32°C. Our data showed an overall reduced vector fitness performance when mosquitoes were reared at 32°C, and the absence of isomorphy in the relationship between developmental stages and temperature in the laboratory population deriving from larvae collected in northern Italy. Altogether, these results have important implications for reliable model projections of the invasion potentials of Ae. albopictus and its epidemiological impact.
Left–right Myosin‐Is, Myosin1C, and Myosin1D exhibit distinct single molecule behaviors on the plasma membrane of Drosophila macrophages
Authors: Utsunomiya Sosuke , Takebayashi Kazutoshi , Yamaguchi Asuka , Sasamura Takeshi , Inaki Mikiko , Ueda Masahiro , Matsuno Kenji 
Published: March 2024

AbstractLeft–right (LR) asymmetry is crucial for animal development, particularly in Drosophila where LR‐asymmetric morphogenesis of organs hinges on cellular‐level chirality, termed cell chirality. In this species, two class I myosins, Myosin1D (Myo1D), and Myosin1C (Myo1C), respectively determine dextral (wild type) and sinistral (mirror image) cell chirality. Previous studies demonstrated Myo1D's ability to propel F‐actin in leftward circles during in vitro gliding assays, suggesting its mechanochemical role in defining dextral chirality. Conversely, Myo1C propels F‐actin without exhibiting LR‐directional preference in this assay, suggesting at other properties governing sinistral chirality. Given the interaction of Myo1D and Myo1C with the membrane, we hypothesized that differences in their membrane behaviors might be critical in dictating their dextral or sinistral activities. In this study, employing single‐molecule imaging analyses, we investigated the dynamic behaviors of Myo1D and Myo1C on the plasma membrane. Our findings revealed that Myo1C exhibits a significantly greater proportion of slow‐diffusing population compared to Myo1D. Importantly, this characteristic was contingent upon both head and tail domains of Myo1C. The distinct diffusion patterns of Myo1D and Myo1C did not exert mutual influence on each other. This divergence in membrane diffusion between Myo1D and Myo1C may be crucial for dictating cell and organ chirality.
Staphylococcal superantigen‐like protein 3 triggers murine mast cell adhesion by binding to CD43 and augments mast cell activation
Authors: Kawano Sae , Noda Chisaki , Itoh Saotomo , Urabe Ayaka , Fujii Chifumi , Ogawa Isamu , Suzuki Ryo , Hida Shigeaki 
Published: March 2024

AbstractStaphylococcus aureus is a noteworthy pathogen in allergic diseases, as four staphylococcal exotoxins activate mast cells, a significant contributor to inflammation, in an IgE‐independent manner. Although the adhesion of mast cells is an essential process for their immune responses, only a small number of exotoxins have been reported to affect the process. Here, we demonstrated that staphylococcal superantigen‐like (SSL) 3, previously identified as a toll‐like receptor 2 agonist, induced the adhesion of murine bone marrow‐derived mast cells to culture substratum. SSL3‐induced adhesion was mediated by fibronectin in an Arg‐Gly‐Asp (RGD) sequence‐dependent manner, suggesting the integrins were involved in the process. Additionally, SSL3 was found to bind to an anti‐adhesive surface protein CD43. SSL3 induced the adhesion of HEK293 cells expressing exogenous CD43, suggesting that CD43 is the target molecule for adhesion induced by SSL3. Evaluation of SSL3‐derived mutants showed that the C‐terminal region (253–326), specifically T285 and H307, are necessary to induce adhesion. SSL3 augmented the IL‐13 production of mast cells in response to immunocomplex and SSL12. These findings reveal a novel function of SSL3, triggering cell adhesion and enhancing mast cell activation. This study would clarify the correlation between S. aureus and allergic diseases such as atopic dermatitis.
Food insecurity is a risk factor for metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease in Latinx children
Authors: Maxwell Sarah L. , Price Jennifer C. , Perito Emily R. , Rosenthal Philip , Wojcicki Janet M. 
Published: March 2024

SummaryIntroductionMetabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is the most common chronic liver disease among US children. Studies have associated food insecurity with MASLD in adults, but there are few studies of pediatric MASLD, particularly in high‐risk populations. We assessed the impact of household food insecurity at 4 years of age on MASLD in Latinx children.MethodsUsing a prospective cohort design, Latina mothers were recruited during pregnancy and followed with their children until early to mid‐childhood. Our primary exposure was household food insecurity at 4 years of age measured using the validated US Household Food Security Food Module. Our primary outcome, MASLD, was defined as alanine transaminase (ALT) ≥95th% for age/gender plus body mass index (BMI) ≥85% at time of ALT measurement (assessed between ages 5–12). We used multivariable logistic regression models to test for independent associations between household food insecurity and pediatric MASLD.ResultsAmong 136 children, 28.7% reported household food insecurity at 4 years of age and 27.2% had MASLD in early to middle childhood. Approximately 49% of children with MASLD and 21% of children without MASLD were food insecure (p < 0.01). Exposure to household food insecurity at age 4 was independently associated with a 3.7‐fold higher odds of MASLD later in childhood (95% CI: 1.5–9.0, p < 0.01).ConclusionsExposure to household food insecurity at 4 years of age was associated with increased risk for MASLD later in childhood. Further studies are needed to explore mechanism(s) and impact of reducing food insecurity on risk for MASLD.
Pharmacological interventions for the management of children and adolescents living with obesity—An update of a Cochrane systematic review with meta‐analyses
Authors: Torbahn Gabriel , Jones Andrew , Griffiths Alex , Matu Jamie , Metzendorf Maria‐Inti , Ells Louisa J. , Gartlehner Gerald , Kelly Aaron S. , Weghuber Daniel , Brown Tamara 
Published: March 2024

SummaryImportanceThe effectiveness of anti‐obesity medications for children and adolescents is unclear.ObjectiveTo update the evidence on the benefits and harms of anti‐obesity medication.Data SourcesCochrane CENTRAL, MEDLINE, ClinicalTrials.gov and WHO ICTRP (1/1/16–17/3/23).Study SelectionRandomized controlled trials ≥6 months in people <19 years living with obesity.Data Extraction and SynthesisScreening, data extraction and quality assessment conducted in duplicate, independently.Main Outcomes and MeasuresBody mass index (BMI): 95th percentile BMI, adverse events and quality of life.ResultsThirty‐five trials (N = 4331), follow‐up: 6–24 months; age: 8.8–16.3 years; BMI: 26.2–41.7 kg/m2. Moderate certainty evidence demonstrated a −1.71 (95% confidence interval [CI]: −2.27 to −1.14)‐unit BMI reduction, ranging from −0.8 to −5.9 units between individual drugs with semaglutide producing the largest reduction of −5.88 kg/m2 (95% CI: −6.99 to −4.77, N = 201). Drug type explained ~44% of heterogeneity. Low certainty evidence demonstrated reduction in 95th percentile BMI: −11.88 percentage points (95% CI: −18.43 to −5.30, N = 668). Serious adverse events and study discontinuation due to adverse events did not differ between medications and comparators, but medication dose adjustments were higher compared to comparator (10.6% vs 1.7%; RR = 3.74 [95% CI: 1.51 to 9.26], I2 = 15%), regardless of approval status. There was a trend towards improved quality of life. Evidence gaps exist for children, psychosocial outcomes, comorbidities and weight loss maintenance.Conclusions and RelevanceAnti‐obesity medications in addition to behaviour change improve BMI but may require dose adjustment, with 1 in 100 adolescents experiencing a serious adverse event.
Shame in patients undergoing ureterostomy: A cross‐sectional survey
Authors: Li Qin , Zhuo Lin , Zhang Ting 
Published: March 2024

AbstractShame has an important impact on the mental health and quality of life of patients. The shame in patients with ureterostomy after cystectomy remains unclear. This survey aimed to evaluate the status quo and influencing factors of shame in patients with ureterostomy after cystectomy, to provide support for the clinical care. Patients with ureterostomy after cystectomy treated in the wound stomy clinic of a third‐class hospital from 1 June 2022 to 31 July 2023 were included. General data questionnaire and social impact scale (SIS) were used for data collection. Univariate and multiple linear regression analysis were performed to evaluate the influencing factors of shame in patients with ureterostomy after cystectomy. One hundred and sixty four patients with ureterostomy after cystectomy were included. The total score of shame in patients with ureterostomy was (60.75 ± 6.31), which was in the high level. Age (r = 0.442), home place (r = 0.427), per capita monthly household income (r = 0.605), self‐care ability (r = 0.597) and complications of stoma (r = 0.542) were correlated with the SIS score in patients with ureterostomy after cystectomy (all p < 0.05). Multiple linear regression analyses indicated that age, home place, per capita monthly household income, self‐care ability and complications of stoma were the influencing factors of SIS score in patients with ureterostomy after cystectomy (all p < 0.05). The five variables explained 64.5% of the patients' sense of shame variation. Patients with ureterostomy after cystectomy have a serious sense of shame in the early stage after operation and there are many influencing factors. Health care providers should take early nursing interventions targeted on those influencing factors to reduce the patients' sense of shame.
Pragmatic trial evaluating the impact of simulation training on high‐risk prescribing to older adults by junior physicians
Authors: Lauffenburger Julie C. , DiFrancesco Matthew F. , Bhatkhande Gauri , Crum Katherine L. , Kim Erin , Robertson Ted , Oran Rebecca , Hanken Kaitlin E. , Haff Nancy , Coll Maxwell D. , Avorn Jerry , Choudhry Niteesh K. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundHigh‐risk medications like benzodiazepines, sedative hypnotics, and antipsychotics are commonly prescribed for hospitalized older adults, despite guidelines recommending avoidance. Prior interventions have not fully addressed how physicians make such prescribing decisions, particularly when experiencing stress or cognitive overload. Simulation training may help improve prescribing decision‐making but has not been evaluated for overprescribing.MethodsIn this two‐arm pragmatic trial, we randomized 40 first‐year medical resident physicians (i.e., interns) on inpatient general medicine services at an academic medical center to either intervention (a 40‐minute immersive simulation training) or control (online educational training) groups. The primary outcome was the number of new benzodiazepine, sedative hypnotic, or antipsychotic orders for treatment‐naïve older adults during hospitalization. Secondary outcomes included the same outcome by all providers, being discharged on one of the medications, and orders for related or control medications. Outcomes were measured using electronic health record data over each intern's service period (~2 weeks). Outcomes were evaluated using generalized estimating equations, adjusting for clustering.ResultsIn total, 522 treatment‐naïve older adult patients were included in analyses. Over follow‐up, interns prescribed ≥1 high‐risk medication for 13 (4.9%) intervention patients and 13 (5.0%) control patients. The intervention led to no difference in the number of new prescriptions (Rate Ratio [RR]: 0.85, 95%CI: 0.31–2.35) versus control and no difference in secondary outcomes. In secondary analyses, intervention interns wrote significantly fewer “as‐needed” (“PRN”) order types for the high‐risk medications (RR: 0.29, 95%CI: 0.08–0.99), and instead tended to write more “one‐time” orders than control interns, though this difference was not statistically significant (RR: 2.20, 95%CI: 0.60–7.99).ConclusionsAlthough this simulation intervention did not impact total high‐risk prescribing for hospitalized older adults, it did influence how the interns prescribed, resulting in fewer PRN orders, suggesting possibly greater ownership of care. Future interventions should consider this insight and implementation lessons raised.Trial RegistrationClinicaltrials.gov(NCT04668248).
Cements and concretes materials characterisation using machine‐learning‐based reconstruction and 3D quantitative mineralogy via X‐ray microscopy
Authors: Mitchell Ria L. , Holwell Andy , Torelli Giacomo , Provis John , Selvaranjan Kajanan , Geddes Dan , Yorkshire Antonia , Kearney Sarah 
Published: March 2024

Abstract3D imaging via X‐ray microscopy (XRM), a form of tomography, is revolutionising materials characterisation. Nondestructive imaging to classify grains, particles, interfaces and pores at various scales is imperative for our understanding of the composition, structure, and failure of building materials. Various workflows now exist to maximise data collection and to push the boundaries of what has been achieved before, either from singular instruments, software or combinations through multimodal correlative microscopy. An evolving area on interest is the XRM data acquisition and data processing workflow; of particular importance is the improvement of the data acquisition process of samples that are challenging to image, usually because of their size, density (atomic number) and/or the resolution they need to be imaged at. Modern advances include deep/machine learning and AI resolutions for this problem, which address artefact detection during data reconstruction, provide advanced denoising, improved quantification of features, upscaling of data/images, and increased throughput, with the goal to enhance segmentation and visualisation during postprocessing leading to better characterisation of samples. Here, we apply three AI and machine‐learning‐based reconstruction approaches to cements and concretes to assist with image improvement, faster throughput of samples, upscaling of data, and quantitative phase identification in 3D. We show that by applying advanced machine learning reconstruction approaches, it is possible to (i) vastly improve the scan quality and increase throughput of ‘thick’ cores of cements/concretes through enhanced contrast and denoising using DeepRecon Pro, (ii) upscale data to larger fields of view using DeepScout and (iii) use quantitative automated mineralogy to spatially characterise and quantify the mineralogical/phase components in 3D using Mineralogic 3D. These approaches significantly improve the quality of collected XRM data, resolve features not previously accessible, and streamline scanning and reconstruction processes for greater throughput.