bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morphokinese der Nebennierenrinde beim Rind nach ein‐oder mehrfacher Glukokortikoidapplikation zur Geburtseinleitung
Authors: Schoon H.‐A. , Tolhuysen I. , Schoon D. , Grunert E. 
Published: October 2007

Inhalt:Morphometrisch untersucht wurden die Nebennieren von 27 Kühen mit und ohne medikamentelle Geburtseinleitung bzw. nicht tragender Kontrolltiere (Gruppe I (n = 7): 10 mg Triamcirwlon −6,5 d ante partum und 10 mg Flumethason −30 h ante partum; Gruppe II (n = 6): 1 ml NaCl (Placebo) −6,5 d ante partum und 10 mg Flumethason −30h ante partum; Gruppe III (n = 4): tragend, keine Vorbehandlung; Gruppe IV (n = 10): nicht tragende Kontrolltiere). Eine Geburtsinduktion mit Glukokortikoiden führt zu einer signifikanten Verkleinerung der Kerngröβen sowie einer Zunahme der Zellkernzahl pro definierter Flächeneinheit in der Zona fasciculata und einer signifikanten Verschmälerung von Zona fasciculate/Zona reticularis. Diese Befunde werden als medikamentell induzierte regressive adrenokortikale Transformation interpretiert. Contents: Morphokinesis of the adrenal cortex in cattle after induced parturition by single or repeated glucocorticoid application Adrenal glands of 27 cows with or without induced parturition and non‐pregnant controls were investigated morphometrically (Group I (n = 7): 10 mg Triamcinolone ‐ 6,5 d ante partum and 10 mg Flumethasone −30 h ante partum; group II (n = 6): 1 ml NaCl (placebo) ‐ 6,5 d ante partum and 10 mg Flumethasone −30 h ante partum; group III (n = 4): pregnant, nopretreatment; group N(n= 10): non‐pregnant controls). Pretreatment with glucocorticoids results in a significant reduction of nuclear sizes and an increase in number of nuclei per area unit defined in the zona fasciculata, combined with a significant decrease of the width of zona fasciculate/zona reticularis. These findings are interpreted as indicator for a medicamentally induced regressive adrenocortical transformation.
Zur Wirkung von Follikelflüssigkeit auf die Befruchtung in vitro gereifter Oozyten des Rindes
Authors: Böttcher Martha , Kluge Benita , Tomalak Karin , Meyer Elvira , Lange W. 
Published: October 2007

Inhalt Follikelflüssigkeit aus Follikeln des Rindes am Tag des Östrus gewonnen, wurde als Serumanalogon zum Kultivierungsmedium TCM 199 zugesetzt. Die Supplementierung des TCM mit 20%östrischer Follikelflüssigkeit (ÖFF) in der Reifungsphase und während der Zygotenkultivierung erbrachte 6–7 Tage post inseminationem einen Anteil an Morulae und Blastozysten von 41,7% (30,8–47,8%). Eine Reduzierung des Anteils ÖFF auf 10% zog einen Abfall transfertauglicher Rinderembryonen auf 9,2% (2,6–16,9%) nach sich. In einer Kurzzeitkultivierung von bis zu 90 h post inseminationem wurden außerdem verschiedene Serumanaloga, im Anteil von 10%, wie fetales Kälberserum (FKS), ÖFF und Follikelflüssigkeit (NÖFF) aus nicht östrischen Follikeln (≥ 10mm Durchmesser) auf ihre Wirksamkeit während verschiedener In‐vitro‐Phasen verglichen. Von den drei getesteten Seren erwies sich die ÖFF als der wirksamste Zusatz mit 19,9% morphologisch intakten 8‐ bis 16‐Zeller. Das Ergebnis scheint unabhängig davon, ob die Applikation kontinuierlich während aller In‐vitro‐Phasen oder nur in der Reifungsphase erfolgte. Eine Schlüsselposition der Oozy tenreifung für die In‐vitro‐Fertilisation wird besonders deutlich. Contents: Influence of follicular fluid on fertilization of in vitro matured bovine oocytes Follicular fluid obtained from bovine follicles on the day of estrus was added to TCM 199 culture medium as a serum analogue. TCM supplementation with 20% estric follicular fluid (EFF) during maturation and zygote cultivation produced a morulae and blastozyst yield of 41,7% (30,8–47,8%) 6–7 days after insemination. Reduction of the EFF fraction to 10% reduced the yield of transferable bovine embryos to 9,2% (2,6–16,9%). In a short term cultivation experiment lasting up to 90 h after insemination, the effects of 10% supplementation with different serum analogues fetal calf serum (FCS), EFF and follicular fluid (NEFF) fiom non‐estric follicles (≥10mm diameter) during various in vitro phases were compared. EFF with a yield of 19,9% morphologically intact 8 to 16 cell stages proved to be the most effective of the three sera. This yield is not apparently affected by whether the serum is applied continuously during all phases of in vitro development or only during the maturation phase. The oocyte maturation phase is obviously the key phase for successful in vitro fertilization.
Serum Progesterone Concentrations and Blood Neutrophil Alkaline Phosphatase Activity in Cows Following Normal and Abnormal Parturition
Authors: Hussain A.M. , Daniel R.C.W. 
Published: October 2007

Contents:Serum progesterone concentrations and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity of blood neutrophils were determined in 3 groups of cows (n = 5 each) on days 1 and 2 and then at 3‐day intervals up to 32 days post‐partum. Group I cows had a normal delivery, Group II cows had dexamethasone‐induced parturition and Group III cows were subjected to a caesarian section. All cows in Group III and 2 cows in Group II retained their fetal membranes. Mean serum progesterone concentrations declined the second day after calving (to < 0.67 ng/ml) and remained at low levels (< 0.54 ng/ml) throughout the observation period, except for the values in Group III, which were elevated on day 16 (0.94 ng/ml), declined again on day 26 (0.46 ng/ml) and peaked (1.05 ng/ml) on day 32 portpartum. Significant (P < 0.01) differences were found between serum progesterone concentrations on day 1 and on each of the other sampling days in Groups I and III. Day X parturition group interaction was significant (P < 0.05) for the progesterone concentrations. No significant differences were found between the overall means of ALP activity of blood neutrophils in the 3 parturition groups nor between days of the experiment. No significant correlation was found between serum progesterone concentrations and ALP activity values of blood PMN during the first 32 days post‐partum. Inhalt: Serum Progesteron Konzentrat und Aktivität der alkalischen Phosphatase in neutrophilen Blutzellen bei Küken mit normalem und abnormalen Geburtsverlauf Serum‐Progesteronkonzentrationen und alkalische Phosphatase‐ (ALP) Aktivität von neutrophilen Granulozysten, nach der Abkalbung am Tag 1 und 2 und dann im Abstand von 3 Tagen bis zum 32. Tag p.p. bei Kühen untersucht, die in drei Untersuchungsgruppen (n = 5) eingeteilt waren. Gruppe I kalbte normal ab, in Gruppe II wurde die Geburt durch Dexamethason eingeleitet, und Kälber der Gruppe III wurden via Kaiserschnitt gewonnen.Alle Tiere der Gruppe III und 2 Kühe der Gruppe II wiesen Nachgeburtsverhaltungen auf Der mittlere Serum‐Progesterongehalt sank am 2. Tag p.p. auf < 0,67 ng/ml ab und blieb auf niederigem Niveau (< 0,54 ng/ml) während der gesamten Untersuchungs‐periode. Lediglich in Gruppe III, mit erhöhten Werten (0,94 ng/ml) an Tag 16 p.p., sanken die Werte wieder an Tag 26 p.p. (0,46 ng/ml) und erreichten einen Maximalwert an Tag 32 p.p. mit 1,05 ng/ml.Signifikante (P 0,01) Unterschiede in der Serum‐Progesteronkonrentration wurden zwischen Tag 1 p.p. und allen anderen Untersuchungstagen in den Gruppen I und III gefunden. Interaktionen zwischen den Gruppen für Tag X waren signifikant (P 0,05). Keine signifikanten Unterschiede wurden für den Gesamtmittelwert der ALP‐Aktivität in den neutrophilen Granulorysten zwischen den Gruppen und im Vergleich der Untersuchungstage gefunden. Es wurden auch keine signifikanten Korrelationen zwischen den Serum‐Progesteronkonzentrationen und der ALP‐Aktivität der PMN während der ersten 32 Tage p.p. nachgewiesen.
In Vitro Fertilization in Hungarian Grey Cattle
Authors: Varga Zs. , Bárádi Zs. , Macháty Z. , Solti L. , Cseh S. , Seregi J. , Csáki T. , Vajta G. 
Published: October 2007

Contents Experiments have been performed to investigate the potential use of in vitro fertilization for the preservation of the endangered Hungarian Grey cattle. 1018 excellent quality oocytes from 167 ovaries of slaughtered Hungarian Grey cows and heifers were matured. Out of 966 oocytes cocultivated with pre‐test and swim‐up selected Hungarian Grey frozen‐thawed semen, 386 (39.9%) cleaved and 141 (14.6%) reached the morulablastocyst stage on the 7th day of embryo culture (1.69 transferable embryos per animal). Some embryos were transferred into the uterine horn of 10 natural cycling Hereford, Hungarian Red‐spotted, Hungarian Red‐spotted x Hereford recipients. Sixty days after transfer, 4 recipients were diagnosed as being pregnant by ultrasonography (two multiple births are expected); since then one calf has been born. Our results indicate that the IVF method can be used for the preservation of endangered cattle breeds, reducing the losses caused by slaughter for various reasons. Inhalt: In vitro Befruchtung beim ungarischen Grauvieh Es wurden Experimente durchgeführt, um die Möglichkeiten zu erforschen, die vom Aussterben bedrohte Rinderrasse Ungarisches Grauvieh über in vitro Befruchtung zu bewahren. 1018 Eizellen sehr guter Qualität wurden von 167 Ovarien geschlachteter Ungarischer Grauer Kühe und Färsen gereift. Von diesen wurden 966 Oozyten mittels vorgeprüftem und mit swim‐up selektiertem Grauvieh‐Sperma nach dem Auftauen kokultiviert. 386 (39,9%) der Oozyten teilten sich und 141 (14,6%) erreichten das Morula‐ bzw. Blastocystenstadium nuch 7tägiger Embryokultur (1,69 transferierbare Embryonen per Tier). Einige Embryonen wurden in das Uterushorn von 10 normal zyklischen Hereford, Ungarischem Rothvieh und der Kreuzungsrasse aus beiden übertragen. Sechzig Tage nach dem Transfer wurden 4 Tiere per Ultraschalluntersuchung als tragend diagnostiziert (zwei Mehrlingsträchtigkeiten wurden erwartet). Bisher ist ein Kalb geboren. Unsere Ergebnisse zeigen, daβ es möglich ist, mittels in vitro Befnrchtung bedrohte Ramen, wie das ungarische Grauvieh, zu erhalten und die Schlachtverluste, die aus verschiedenen Gründen möglich sein mögen, zu reduzieren.
Drug‐metabolizing Enzymes in the Placenta and Foetus of Camel and Sheep
Authors: Homeida A. M. , Al‐Eknah M. M. , Dafalla E. A. 
Published: October 2007

Contents The activities of cytochrome P‐450 and the P‐450 dependent aminopyrine ‐N‐demethylase and aniline 4‐hydroxylase (Phase I, drugmetabolizing enzymes) and UDP‐glucurony‐l‐transferase (a Phase II drug‐metabolizing enzyme) have been measured in vitro in the placenta and liver of camels and sheep during pregnancy. The placenta of late pregnancy of both species produced 50% of the activity in maternal liver of phase I drug‐metabolizing enzymes. The rate of O‐aminophenol glucuronide was low both in placenta and foetal liver. It is suggested that close to term the placenta and foetal liver are capable of metabolizing drugs by P‐450 mediated phase I reactions. Inhalt: Arzneimittel‐metabolisierende Enzyme von Plazenta und Fötus bei Kamel und Schaf Während der Trächtigkeit wurde die Aktivität der Cytochrom P‐450 abhängigen Aminophyrine ‐N‐Demethylase, Anilin 4‐Hydroxylase (Phase I metabolisierendes Enzym) und der UDP‐Glucuronyl‐1 Transferase (Phase II metabolisierendes Enzym) unter in vitro Bedingungen in Plazenta‐ und Lebergewebe von Kamelen und Schafen gemessen. In beiden Tierarten produzierte die Plazenta während der späten Trächtigkeit 50% der Aktivität, wie sie die mütterliche Plazenta der “Phase I—Enzyme” produziert. Die O‐Aminophenol Glucuronide waren dagegen gering in Plazenta und fetaler Leber. Es wird angenommen, daβ die Plazenta und die fetale Leber kurz vor der Geburt in der Lage sind, Arzneimittel durch die Cytochrom P‐450 abhängige Phase I‐Reaktionen zu metabolisieren.
Untersuchungen über Rassenunterschiede in der Milchleistung beim Schwein I. Mitteilung: Methodik des maschinellen Milchentzuges und Milchmengenleistung
Authors: Grün D. , Reiner G. , Dzapo V. 
Published: October 2007

Inhalt: Die vorliegende Untersuchung stellt einen Beitrag zur Methodik des maschinellen Milchentzuges beim Schwein dar. Mittels einer eigens hierzu entwickelten Melkmaschine wurde die Milchleistung der in ihren Muttereigenschaften stark differierenden Rassen Pietráin (PI) und Deutsches Edelschwein (DE) ermittelt. Der Milchentzug erfolgte in 2‐stündigen Kontrollabschnitten an den Laktationstagen 3, 7,14, 21 und 28. Bei DE kam es während der 4wöchigen Laktationsphase zu einer gleichmäβigen Steigerung der Milch‐sekretion von 5,05 1 am 3. Tag auf 12,8 l am Tag 28. Die Sekretionsrate der Rasse PI folgte diesem Verlauf, quantitativ um 2 bis 3 l/d reduziert, bis zu einem Maximum am 14. Laktationstag. Danach sank sie wieder ab. Am Tag 28 betrug der Leistungsunterschied zwischen beiden Rassen über 5 l/Tag. Mit dieser überlegenen Milchsekretionsrate zogen die DE‐Sauen 3 Ferkel/Wurf mehr aufals die PI. Auch nach der Standardisierung derFerkelzahl zu Untersuchungsbeginn auf n = 10 blieb die Direrenz zugunsten der Edelschweine signifikant erhalten. Über die Milchinhaltsstoffe und ihre Abhängigkeit von Rasse und Laktationstag sowie ihre Bedeutung für die Lebendmasseentwicklung der Ferkel wird in der II. Mitteilung berichtet.Contents: Investigations on breed differences in milk yield of swine. I. comittment: methodology of mechanical milking and milk yield. This paper deals with the methodology of mechanical milking of sows. By a milking machine, especially developed herefore, milk yields of the breeds Pietrain (PI) and German Large White (DE) which differ a lot in weaning performance, were investigated. Milk was taken in two‐hourly control intervalls on the days 3,7,14,21 and 28 of lactation. During this period of 4 weeks, DE showed a continuous increase in milk yield from 5.05 l on day 3 to 12.8 l on day 28. Secretion rate of PI followed parallel with a quantitative decrease of 2 to 3 liters/day, till a maximum was reached on day 14. Then lactation rates decreased. The difference in yield performance between the two breeds was about 5 l on day 28. This superior milk performance of the DE‐sows allowed them to wean 3 piglets per litter more than PI. The advantage of DE over PI stays even after standardization of the litter size on n = 10 piglets. Milk composition, its relation towards breed and lactation day and its meaning for the litter performance will be topic of the second comittment.
Untersuchungen über Rassenunterschiede in der Milchleistung beim Schwein II. Mitteilung: Milchinhaltsstoffe und ihr Einfluß auf die Entwicklung der Ferkel in der Säugephase
Authors: Grün D. , Reiner G. , Dzapo V. 
Published: October 2007

Inhalt: Die vorliegende Arbeit befaßt sich mit den Milchinhaltsstoffen von Sauen der Rassen Pietráin (PI) und Deutsches Edelschwein (DE). Die Milchproben wurden an den Laktationstagen 1,2,3,4,5,7,14,21 und 28 mittels einer eigens hierzu komtruierten Melkanlage gewonnen. Über die dabei sezernierten Milchmengen wurde bereits in der ersten Mitteilung berichtet. Der prozentuale Gehalt der verschiedenen Milchinhaltsstoffe variiert vor allem in Abhängigkeit vom Laktationstag, wobei der Übergang von der Kolostral‐zur Normalmilch die entscheidendste Rolle spielt. Es konntenkeine auffälligen Rassenunterschiede festgestellt werden. Hingegen treten deutliche Eiflüsse der Rasse, meist signifikant zu Tage, wenn die Gesamtmenge der pro Laktationstag sezernierten Inhaltsstoffe berücksichtigt wird. Sauen der Rasse DE sezernieren pro Laktationstag durchschnittlich 54% mehr Protein und Fett und 81 % mehr an Laktose als die PI‐Sauen. Somit steht bei DE 54 bis 91 % mehr an Brutto‐energie pro Ferkel zur Verfügung. Diese Diskrepanz tritt ab dem 14. Laktationstag verschärft auf und wird bei der Rasse Pietráin zum begrenzenden Faktor für die Gewichtsenhvicklung der Ferkel in der Säugephase.Contents: Investigations on breed differences in milk yield of swine. II. comittment: milk composition and its relation towards piglet development during suckling period This paper deals with milk contents of pietráin (PI) and German Large White (DE) sows. Milk probes were taken on lactation days 1,2,3, 4, 5, 7, 14, 21 and 28, by a milking machine especially developed therefore. Milkyields are the objective of the first comittment. Percentage yield of the differing milk contents varied mainly due to lactation day caused by the change from colostrum to normal milk. No meaningful differences between the row breeds have been perceived. But they appeare in a clear and significant manner by taking the total quantity tof the milk contents into account. Sows of the breed DE produce on average 54% more of protein anf fat amounts and 81 % of lactose. This leads to a more of 54 to 91 % in brutto energy available for any DE‐piglet. This discrepancy gets worse from day 14 of lactation, then representing a limiting factor for the piglets development and litter performance.
Cystic Degeneration in Porcine Ovaries ‐ Second Communication: Concentrations of Progesterone, Estradiol‐17β, and Testosterone in Cystic Fluid and Plasma; Interpretation of the Results
Authors: Ebbert W. , Elsaesser F. , Bostedt H. 
Published: October 2007

Contents: The content of progesterone, estradiol‐17β, and testosterone of plasma and cystic fluid was determined in 79 sows with ovarian cysts. The average progesterone concentration of sows with dark corpora lutea (CL) was higher than of sows with pale or absent CL (39.4 vs. 8.7 vs. 8.0 ng/ml plasma; p < 0.001; and 7512 vs. 3644 vs. 2723 ng/ml cystic fluid, respectively; p < 0.001). The cystic fluid of animals with oligocystic ovaries (10 cystslanimal) had a significant higher progesterone concentration in comparison to potycystic animals (7200 vs. 3682 ng/ml; p < 0.001). Testosterone and estradwl‐17β levels in plasma and in cystic fluid of polycystic animals were significantly higher in comparison to oligocystic animals (Plasma‐Testosterone: p < 0.01; Plasma‐Estradwl: p < 0.05; Cyst‐Testosterone: p < 0.01; Cyst‐Estradiol: p < 0.001). In oligocystic ovaries testosterone in cysts exceeded the estradiol‐17β levels, whereas in polycystic ovaries the situation was vice versa (p < 0.001).It is suggested that cystic ovarian degeneration in the sow is not exclusively a gradually progressing process, rather then a complex syndrome with three components, were characterized by a separate course of development (oligocystic, polycystic. oligo‐polycystic syndrome).
STAINING SPERM FOR VIABILITY ASSESSMENT
Authors: Johnson L.A. , Maxwell W.M.C. , Dobrinsky J.R. , Welch G.R. 
Published: October 2007

SummaryAssessing the functional capacity of sperm in vitro is of particular interest to the artificial insemination industry in order to select sires with the best fertilizing capacity. Early efforts to evaluate semen dating into the past century were based on microscopical observation of motility and abnormal morphology. Frequently, eosin stain was used to quantify live and dead sperm while giemsa stain was used for morphological evaluation. These methods along with visual inspection of the semen were useful but their repeatability was questionable. The advent of fluorescent staining improved microscopical evaluation of sperm, however, one of the major drawbacks remains, that is that one can only evaluate 100 or 200 sperm per sample. The advent of flow cytometry in the early 1970's and the development of new stains has led to more accurate means of assessing sperm viability. Fluorescein diacetate (FDA), carboxyl‐fluorescein diacetate (CFDA) in combination with propidium iodide (PI) were applied to flow cytometric assessment in the early 1980's. With flow cytometry several thousands of sperm can be analyzed quickly and without detriment. Staining sperm with FDA, CFDA and PI is useful but is time dependent leading to deterioration of the sample which can alter results. Hoechst stain, 33342 and 33258 were classed as vital stains in 1979. Hoechst 33342, a highly permeable fluorescent stain became prominent for use to differentiate X from Y sperm based on binding in a stoichiometric manner to DNA. Hoechst 33258, a useful exclusion dye, will only stain sperm with lysed membranes. More recently a new membrane permeant dye, SYBR‐14 has been used in combination with PI and is characterized by entering only those cells possessing a membrane potential. It shows a very high correlation with living sperm and a highly negative correlation with PI stained dead sperm. Initial studies show that the SYBR‐14/PI combination is time insensitive, which allows one to evaluate semen outside of a strict time regimen. The use of CTC and FITC‐PSA to ascertain the condition of the acrosome, using both the fluorescent microscopy and flow cytometry has proven to be a very useful tool. Finding one single test to evaluate the fertilizing potential of sperm continues to be elusive. However, using several tests, in combination, such as motility, acrosomal integrity, and a fluorescent assessment of membrane integrity would add significant credibility to estimating sperm function.
Determining Ovulation Frequency in Individually Penned Lactating Sows using a Faecal ‘Progestin’ Assay
Authors: Hultén F. , Forsberg M. , Schubert B. 
Published: October 2007

ContentsTrials were performed to evaluate the validity of a modified faecal ‘progestin’ assay for monitoring ovarian activity (Trial 1) and to determine the occurrence of ovulation among individually housed lactating sows by repeated measurements of faecal ‘progestins’ (Trial 2). In trial 1 faecal and plasma samples were collected from six multiparous sows, from the day after weaning until oestrus occurred in the third oestrous cycle. A progesterone radioimmunoassay was applied to skimmed milk extracts of the faecal samples, and plasma progesterone concentrations were determined with a chemiluminescent assay. In addition, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis was performed on faecal extracts and the immunoreactivity in the different fractions was determined. In Trial 2, faecal samples were collected from 88 multiparous sows at weekly intervals from the day of farrowing until 2 weeks after breeding. Samples were subjected to ‘progestin’ analysis. Trial 1 showed that the excretion patterns of faecal ‘progestins’ and plasma progesterone were significantly correlated (r = 0.79, p < 0.05) during the oestrous cycles. Parallelism was obtained in the assay, but recovery was low (11.4%). The HPLC analysis revealed one major peak of immunoreactivity in a fraction, which corresponded with progesterone. This finding suggests that intact progesterone was a source for immunoreactivity in the assay. In Trial 2, a 10‐fold decrease in mean ‘progestin’ concentrations was noted from the day of farrowing to day 7 of lactation. The mean ‘progestin’ values remained low throughout lactation and started to increase 2 weeks after breeding. Large individual variations in luteal phase values were noted. Only 1.1% (one) of the sows ovulated during lactation.