bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lymphocyte sensitization to Aspergillus fumigatus antigens in pulmonary diseases in man
Authors: HASLAM P , LUKOSZEK A. , LONGBOTTOM J. L. , TURNER‐WARWICK M. 
Published: April 2006

Summary In vitro studies of T‐lymphocyte responses using five different batches of Aspergillus fumigatus antigens, were undertaken in twelve patients with A. fumigatus related lung disease and in three normal controls.Using a leucocyte migration method, five of the twelve patients showed significant inhibition of leucocyte migration with a migration index of 0·80 or less to A. fumigatus, but in only three was this demonstrated with more than one batch of antigen (one patient with aspergilloma and two with bronchopulmonary aspergillosis).The same antigens were used in lymphocyte transformation tests. Only two patients, one with aspergilloma and one with bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, showed clearly significant transformation although there were several borderline results.Only three patients had evidence of delayed skin responses to A. fumigatus antigens in vivo, one with aspergilloma, one with bronchopulmonary aspergillosis and one with atypical bronchopulmonary aspergillosis. Two of these three patients also had one or more positive in vitro test results.Thus T‐lymphocyte sensitization to A. fumigatus as demonstrated by these in vitro methods, although present in occasional patients, was not clearly related to any one particular clinical syndrome in this small group of patients with aspergillus related pulmonary disease. There was, however, one of the three aspergilloma patients with positive lymphocyte transformation to all five batches of antigens and having higher transformation indices than in any other patient. This suggests that lymphocyte studies should be extended in this group.In contrast to the frequent negative results using A. fumigatus antigens, evidence of T‐lymphocyte sensitization to either Candida albicans or Mycobacterium tuberculosis or both, was shown by positive delayed hypersensitivity skin responses and in vitro inhibition of leucocyte migration in the majority of the patients, despite which lymphocyte transformation was often negative. The possibility of impaired capacity to transform is supported by the finding of an impaired response to phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) in four of the twelve cases.
Predisposing factors and the development of reaginic allergy in infancy
Authors: SOOTHILL J. F. , STOKES C. R. , TURNER M. W. , NORMAN A. P. , TAYLOR BRENT 
Published: April 2006

SummaryIn a prospective study of fifty‐eight newborn infants of parents with reaginic allergy, twenty‐seven developed eczema and twenty‐eight positive prick tests to one or more of six antigens during the first year of life. These reaginic manifestations were related to presymptomatic transient IgA deficiency. The development of positive skin tests was also related to HLA A1 B8, and to season of birth. The order of frequency of positivity was Dermatophagoides, grass pollens, cat fur, feathers and cow's milk. The skin tests were often positive in infants in whom serum IgE was not detected. The eczema disappeared and the skin tests became negative in some infants at the end of the first year. This work suggests that sensitization in the new‐born period is important in the subsequent development of disease.
Demonstration of reaginic antibodies on human basophils by immune adherence to allergen‐coated Sepharose beads
Authors: KING M. , ALAYE N. , AUGUSTIN R. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryHuman basophils purified by gradient density centrifugation and differential glass bead adherence were interacted with grass pollen allergen in particulate form prepared by covalent coupling of Dactylis glomerata protein concentrate to Sepharose beads.Basophils from allergic subjects were found to interact specifically with the allergen‐coated bead surface in a manner so highly characteristic that false negatives with basophils from non‐allergic subjects or subjects with unrelated allergies were not encountered. Microscopic examination indicated that the specifically stained malleable basophils had adapted in a multi‐point attachment to the rigid bead surface by becoming one‐sidedly flattened against it. When using basophils from highly pollen sensitive subjects all the beads carried basophils and sometimes as many as thirty per bead. The percentage of beads with basophils and the number of basophils per bead roughly correlated with clinical history and skin tests. Immunocytoadherence of the basophils to the allergen‐coated beads was specifically inhibited by anti‐IgE and anti‐allergen antibodies, including reagins.
The effect of sodium cromoglycate on analgesic‐induced asthmatic reactions
Authors: DELANEY J. C. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThe onset of increased airways obstruction after analgesic ingestion by asthmatics with analgesic idiosyncrasy suggests an immediate type 1 allergic response. The effect of sodium cromoglycate (DSCG) on this response was assessed in nineteen patients with this syndrome. DSCG prevented asthmatic attacks in only three patients, all non‐atopic, suggesting that analgesic idiosyncrasy is not an allergic disorder. The effectiveness of DSCG in preventing asthmatic attacks in some patients with analgesic idiosyncrasy would suggest that a trial of this preparation should be undertaken before commencing continuous corticosteroid therapy.
Qualitative and quantitative comparison of pollen calendars for plain and mountain areas
Authors: MICHEL FRANÇOIS B. , COUR PIERRE , QUET LYNE , MARTY JEAN P. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryA comparison of the quantity and the quality of pollen content in the atmosphere of two regions, one of the plains bordering the Mediterranean sea (altitude 40 m), the other of the mountains of the Pyrenees (altitude 1550 m), was made during the climatological year 1974–1975.The method which was used intercepts the pollen flux of the atmosphere with a vertical filtering unit, which is exposed facing the direction of wind on the filtering door of the weather‐vane and collects much larger quantities of pollen than the other techniques of collection.The atmospheric currents displace from one region to another numerous spores and pollens, the trajectories of which are directly influenced by the general circulation of the atmosphere.The density of these fluxes can be very large, reaching 2500 grains/m3 of air at M.T.P.R. in the last week of January; the taxons collected are very numerous (more than 700).The atmospheric transfer of pollen modifies largely the pollen content of the atmosphere of different flowering domains. These interferences manifest themselves in the simplest cases by the presence of two peaks of concentration, the principal corresponding to the local efflorescence, the second to the pollen transferred from other regions. The pollen concentrations in the mountains are one‐third of those in the plains.Pollination in the mountains is several weeks late in comparison to the plain during the first semester, whereas during the second semester, it is the plains that show a certain delay.These findings show why some allergic patients who go to the mountains during summer are affected twice by pollination.
RAST using crude and purified anti‐IgE
Authors: GOODWIN B. F. J. , HOW M. J. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThe sensitivity of the RAST using anti‐IgE in 125I‐labelled IgG fractions of sheep antiserum was compared to that using anti‐IgE purified by immunosorbent techniques in tests with three allergens (grass pollens, Aspergillus fumigatus and the detergent enzyme ‘Alcalase’) on sera from 248 workers in a detergent factory. Both anti‐IgE reagents measure the same antibody but the RAST procedure using the crude anti‐IgE reagent is less sensitive than that using the immunosorbent‐purified anti‐IgE in its ability to detect circulating IgE in subjects with positive skin‐prick tests. In general the agreement between positive RAST and positive skin test was improved when only skin tests equal to or greater than 3 mm were considered positive. With Alcalase, antigen non‐specific binding by the crude anti‐IgE reagent may give false positive results. Optimal conditions for the preparation of allergosorbents with this allergen are defined. Predictive equations relating the results of RAST and skin test show that the hitherto arbitrary definition of a positive RAST result is statistically valid.
The inhibition of allergen induced bronchospasm in man by oral BRL 10833
Authors: PAUWELS R. , LAMONT H. , VAN DER STRAETEN M. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryBRL 10833, a nitroindanedione, with DSCG like activity in rat immediate type hypersensitivity, shows good absorption after oral intake in man. The ingestion of 2 and 10 mg BRL 10833/kg body weight provides protection against the immediate type allergen induced bronchoconstriction in patients with bronchial asthma.These results confirm the activity of the drug already shown by inhalation.
A comparative trial of hyposensitization in 1973 in the treatment of hay fever using Pollinex and Alavac‐P
Authors: MILLER A. C. M. L. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryA direct comparison was made in 112 hay fever patients of hyposensitization treatment with glutaraldehyde‐pollen‐tyrosine adsorbate (Pollinex) and with alum‐precipitated pyridine extract (Alavac‐P) which is an accepted form of treatment, its efficacy having been shown by a comparative trial against a placebo preparation.No significant difference could be detected between the results of the two forms of treatment. Seventy‐seven per cent of patients responded with improvement following treatment with the tyrosine adsorbed vaccine, and 81% of those receiving the alum‐precipitated vaccine. Side effects from treatment, both local and general, were generally of an infrequent or mild nature for both vaccines.
Asthma due to inhaled chemical agents—fumes from ‘Multicore’ soldering flux and colophony resin
Authors: FAWCETT I. W. , TAYLOR A. J. NEWMAN , PEPYS J. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryFour patients with occupational asthma associated with exposure to soldering flux or hot‐melt glue containing pine resin (colophony) were subjected to occupational type inhalation challenge testing.All four gave immediate bronchial reactions to inhalation of the fumes, varying from one breath to 3 min of exposure.The clinical history and provocation test reactions suggest hypersensitivity to colophony fumes.
Treatment of chronic urticaria with a beta2‐adrenergic stimulant
Authors: KENNES B. , DE MAUBEUGE J. , DELESPESSE G. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryTwenty‐four patients with chronic urticaria resistant to conventional therapy were treated orally with terbutaline, a specific β2 stimulant. This therapy was much more effective than antihistamines. At the dose of 1.25 mg three times a day, there were few side effects. The efficacy was independent of the IgE levels; it seemed greater in idiopathic cases than in cholinergic or pressure induced urticaria.
Circulating immune complexes in patients with atopic allergy
Authors: CANO P. O. , CHOW M. , JERRY L. M. , SLADOWSKI J. P. 
Published: April 2006

SummarySera from forty‐nine patients with atopic allergy were tested for the presence of circulating immune complexes by the sensitive, quantitative Clq assay. Compared to twenty‐five normal individuals the atopic patients had significantly higher mean values of Clq reactive material, expressed as Clq inhibition values. The highest mean values were seen in the group (twenty‐one patients) who had been on long term maintenance immunotherapy for 5 or more years. When positive sera were fractionated by ultracentrifugation on sucrose density gradients, the Clq reactive material was found in intermediate (7S–19S) and heavy (>19S) regions. The heavy material contained both IgM and IgG. It is suggested that the IgG antibodies known to be produced by chronic hyposensitization procedures in allergic individuals may circulate in the serum as antibody–allergen immune complexes, and could carry out their blocking action in this form.
Specific IgE antibodies in nasal secretion from patients with allergic rhinitis and with negative or weakly positive RAST on the serum
Authors: DEUSCHL H. , JOHANSSON S. G. O. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryNasal secretions from eighteen patients with allergic rhinitis with a positive case history, intradermal test and nasal provocation test, but with negative or only weakly positive RAST (radioallergosorbent test) on the serum against a total of thirty‐five allergens, were studied. In the RAST an immunosorbent‐purified anti‐IgE with Dɛ2 specificity was used, which raised the detection limit. Nasal secretion was collected by washing the nasal mucosa with 0.9% and 18% NaCl solution respectively, and the latter secretion was also lyophilized and concentrated. In ten cases RAST was slightly positive on the nasal secretion, and in three of the concentrated secretions the RAST value was higher than on the serum. In none of the serum or nasal secretion samples was RAST positive according to the cut off value for a positive result defined by the reference system used in Phadebas RAST®. From these results it is concluded that RAST analyses of nasal secretion from patients with allergic rhinitis is of no appreciable value in routine clinical allergological diagnosis. However, the increased sensitivity of RAST obtained with isotope‐labelled anti‐Dɛ2 may be useful in the serological diagnosis of patients with low grade allergy having low levels of IgE antibodies in serum.
Eosinophil chemotaxis to an ECF‐A tetrapeptide and histamine: the response in various disease states
Authors: BRYANT D. H. , TURNBULL LINDSAY W. , KAY A. B. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryUsing the micropore filter technique of Boyden, the eosinophil chemotactic responses to an ECF‐A tetrapeptide (Val‐Gly‐Ser‐Glu) and histamine were studied in thirty‐two patients with a peripheral blood eosinophilia. The eosinophilia was associated with extrinsic asthma (twelve patients), neoplasia (seven), helminth disease (five) and a miscellaneous group (eight) which included three patients with pulmonary eosinophilia, one of whom also had asthma. Both the tetrapeptide and histamine gave two types of dose–response. With Val‐Gly‐Ser‐Glu this was either a single peak at 10‐8, or two peaks at 10‐4 and 10‐7 mol/1, respectively. Histamine gave either a linear dose–response with maximal chemotaxis at the highest concentration or a peak response at 10‐5 mol/1 with inhibition at higher doses. The two types of response given by the peptide were not related to the disease state and were reproducible when tested on more than one occasion. However, with histamine, linear dose–responses were observed in ten out of twelve patients with asthma, four out of five with helminth disease and two of the three with pulmonary eosinophilia. This was also reproducible when tested on subsequent occasions. Therefore, in these diseases, which are known to be associated with exogenous antigens and raised IgE levels, eosinophils from 80% of the patients studied (sixteen out of twenty) gave a linear rather than a ‘bell‐shaped’ response to histamine. In contrast, only four of twelve patients(33%) with eosinophilia in association with other diseases (which included seven with neoplasia) gave this type of response. If this observation can be confirmed with larger numbers of patients it may be useful diagnostically in eosinophilia of unknown origin.
Pulmonary hypersensitivity to Alternaria and Aspergillus in baker's asthma
Authors: KLAUSTERMEYER W. B. , BARDANA E. J. , HALE F. C. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryIn two cases of baker's asthma pulmonary hypersensitivity was found to the fungi Alternaria and Aspergillus. Provocative bronchial challenge revealed a dual response; an immediate and an Arthus type hypersensitivity to Aspergillus in the first case. A primary binding assay revealed high titres of anti‐Aspergillus antibody in the serum. In the second case intradermal and bronchial challenge suggested an immediate type I hypersensitivity response to Alternaria. The suspected organisms were present in the room air of the bakeries. It is suggested that an immunological response to these airborne fungi may have contributed to the pathogenesis of baker's asthma.
Bronchial reactivity to inhaled histamine: a method and clinical survey
Authors: COCKCROFT D. W. , KILLIAN D. N. , MELLON J. J. A. , HARGREAVE F. E. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryAn easy and safe dose‐response histamine‐inhalation test is described, to measure the level of non‐specific bronchial reactivity.The test was performed in 307 subjects. Non‐specific bronchial reactivity was increased in 3% of presumed normal subjects, in 100% of active asthmatics and in 69% of asymptomatic asthmatics with previous symptoms only at times of exposure to clinically relevant allergens. It was also increased in 47% of patients with cough and no other chest symptoms, in 40% of patients with rhinitis and vague chest symptoms not by themselves diagnostic of asthma, and in 22% of patients with rhinitis and no chest symptoms.The patients with asthma were studied when their asthma was well controlled and when their minimum drug requirements had been established. The mean level of bronchial reactivity increased with increasing minimum drug requirements. The level of bronchial reactivity also showed a strong negative correlation with the forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1). Atopic subjects, with or without asthma, showed a significant positive correlation between the level of bronchial reactivity and atopic status as indicated by the number of positive allergy skin tests.
Extrinsic allergic alveolitis from bird exposure
Authors: WARREN C. P. W. , CHERNIACK R. M. , TSE K. S. 
Published: April 2006

SummarySix patients with extrinsic allergic alveolitis had weak immediate and strong late reactions to intracutaneous injection of bird serum. Biopsy of the late reaction revealed vasculitis and immunoglobulin and complement deposition in one. The antibody responsible for the immediate hypersensitivity could be transferred in serum. It was short lasting (4 hr) and resistant to heat and 2‐mercaptoethanol. No evidence of an immediate reaction in the lungs could be detected following inhalation challenge as judged by examination of spirometry, flow volume loops and single breath nitrogen washout curves.
IgE, IgG and IgA antibodies in serum and nasal secretion during parenteral hyposensitization
Authors: DEUSCHL H. , JOHANSSON S. G. O. , FAGERBERG F. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryEighteen adult patients with allergic rhinitis due to Timothy pollen were observed for 36 weeks before, during and after the grass pollen season. Eight patients were treated by parenteral hyposensitization with grass pollen extract, and ten patients who were given no immunotherapy served as controls. Timothy‐specific IgE, IgG and IgA antibodies in samples of serum and nasal secretion were quantified by radioimmunological technique.In comparison with the control group, the serum concentration of Timothy‐specific IgE antibodies increased significantly (P <0.05) during the preseasonal hyposensitization treatment and then decreased significantly (P <0.05) during and after the pollen season while this therapy was being continued. In the hyposensitized patients the serum concentration of both IgG and IgA antibodies increased highly significantly (P <0.01 and P <0.001, respectively) during immunotherapy.In nasal secretion quantitative changes of the three types of antibodies were usually less pronounced or not detectable at all. The concentration of IgG antibodies, however, showed some increase in the nasal secretion during hyposensitization. These minor increases in allergen‐specific IgG and IgA antibodies in nasal secretion might explain why parenteral hyposensitization in allergic rhinitis often does not give complete relief from symptoms.
Correlation between skin tests, inhalation tests and specific IgE in a study of 120 subjects allergic to house dust and Dermatophagoïdes pteronyssinus
Authors: PAULI G. , BESSOT J. C. , THIERRY R. , LAMENSANS A. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThe radioallergosorbent test was compared with currently accepted allergy diagnostic techniques in seventy‐four controls and 120 patients with a clinical history of allergy to house dust and Dermatophagoïdes pteronyssinus.The results obtained with D. pteronyssinus allergen extract show a close correlation between the size of the cutaneous reactions and the serum level of allergen‐specific IgE. On the other hand, highly positive skin tests to house dust were not always correlated with a positive RAST response for house dust. Similar results were found with inhalation tests. When a purified D. pteronyssinus extract was used, a stronger relationship was observed between RAST, cutaneous and inhalation tests. It can be assumed that RAST for house dust is not of value in patients with house dust and mite allergy. Our findings indicate that the correlations between RAST results and other in vivo test results depend on the purity of the allergen extracts and the selection of patients.
Selective isolation of allergens
Authors: BALDO B. A. , UHLENBRUCK G. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryTridacnin, a lectin from the clam Tridacna maxima, was found to precipitate with crude extracts from the house dust mites Dermatophagoides farinae and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus. Using tridacnin in direct precipitation and affinity chromatography studies, a carbohydrate‐rich preparation of high molecular weight was isolated from D. farinae extracts. The isolated preparation gave one precipitin line when used with tridacnin in gel diffusion and immunoelectrophoresis experiments but two bands were seen on polyacrylamide disc gels after electrophoresis at pH 8.9. Radioallergosorbent test (RAST) studies demonstrated that the isolated material reacted strongly with sera from human subjects allergic to house dust mites and accounted for a significant proportion of the IgE binding capacity of the crude D. farinae extracts. Only one out of fifteen mite‐allergic subjects gave a positive response when prick tested with the isolated preparation at a concentration of 0.2 mg/ml. A possible explanation for the discrepancy observed between RAST and skin test results is discussed. Concanavalin A also precipitated with D. farinae extracts but the material isolated with this lectin did not react with tridacnin and reacted weakly in the RAST with sera from mite‐allergic subjects. We suggest that the high molecular weight component(s) which react with tridacnin may be useful for immunotherapy of house dust mite allergy.
Controlled trials with four per cent cromolyn spray in seasonal allergic rhinitis*
Authors: POSEY W. C. , NELSON H. S. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThirty‐two patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis due to weed pollen were treated beginning prior to the weed pollen season of 1974 with either 4% cromolyn sodium or placebo nasal spray. The patients were followed on treatment with symptom diary cards and bi‐weekly physician examinations for a period of 10 weeks. Radioallergosorbent (RAST) titres for the major weeds in the Denver area (ragweed, Russian thistle, and sage) were determined before the weed pollen season, and one and three months after the weed pollen season.There was no significant difference in symptom scores between the 4% cromolyn sodium‐ and placebo‐treated groups, nor objective evidence on bi‐weekly examinations by a physician to suggest differences in the two groups. Significant differences in favor of the 4% cromolyn‐treated group were noted in the amount of antihistamines taken for symptomatic relief during the weed pollenating season, suggesting some protective effect of the drug. The clinical significance of this finding is not clear. Selecting patients with high baseline RAST titres for one or more of the major weeds did not alter the results of the study.In a second double‐blind study twenty‐two patients reporting to the allergy clinic with symptomatic seasonal allergic rhinitis due to weeds were randomly assigned to receive 4% cromolyn sodium or placebo nasal spray and followed through the weed pollen season. There was no difference between the two groups in either symptom scores or use of antihistamines for asymptomatic relief.