bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Review of Imaging Practice in Bone and Soft Tissue Lesions
Authors: SLAVOTINEK J.P. , ALBERTYN L.E. , OAKESHOTT R. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTThirty six consectutive bone and soft tissue lesions which were referred to the Bone Transplantation Service between January 1987 and June 1989 were reviewed with respect to the information provided by pre‐operative CT, MR and plain X‐ray and the final histopathologic diagnosis. The ability of CT and MR to demonstrate cortical destruction, periosteal reaction, a soft tissue mass and soft tissue calcification was scored on a scale of one (low suspicion of abnormality) to four (definite abnormality) in each case.Of the thirty six cases reviewed there were twenty‐two histologically confirmed tumours with all of the above three imaging modalities available for comparison. In each of these tumours MR was found to provide an equal or more accurate assessment of soft tissue extent. On a scale of 1 to 4 the average point scores were 3.6 and 2.6 for MR and CT respectively. Little difference was shown between CT and MR with respect to medullary involvement (4.0 points vs. 3.9) and cortical destruction (2.5 points vs. 2.7). CT (3.7 points) was more sensitive than MR (1.2 points) in detecting fine soft tissue calcification.In only five cases did the radiology report correctly nominate the histologic diagnosis and thus the role of imaging was more valuable in staging than diagnosis. For this reason a management oriented report should include comment regarding cortical destruction, the intramedullary extent of tumour and the extent of soft tissue involvement. MR is recommended in the investigation of all suspected malignant soft tissue or bone tumours.
Does the Extent of Surgery Make a Difference in High Grade Malignant Astrocytoma?
Authors: FRANKLIN C.I.V. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTThis paper examines the effect of patient age, tumour grade and extent of surgery on the outcome of treatment of 278 patients with high grade malignant gliomas referred to the Queensland Radium Institute between 1980 and 1987. The aim was to determine whether the extent of surgical resection alters survival rates.The extent of surgery had no effect on survival except for those patients with grade 3 tumours in whom a total excision was possible. Those in whom only a biopsy was done did not have a worse prognosis. Grading was found to be of importance, as patients with grade 3 tumours had a better survival than those with grade 4 tumours. In grade 4 tumours, those under 30 years of age had a better survival than those over 30 years, whereas with grade 3 tumours there was a gradation of age effect (under 40 years best, then 40–49 years, and those 50 years and over doing worst).
Acute Osteomyelitis: Early Diagnosis by Ultrasonography
Authors: TANETA K. , MITTAL S.K. , MARYA S.K. , MEHROTRA G. , SHIV V.K. , BHARGAVA S.K. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTA prospective study was carried out to evaluate the role of ultrasound in early detection of infections of bone. Presence of a hypoechoic collection adjacent to bone was considered highly suggestive of osteomyelitis whereas a hypoechoic collection away from the bone implied a soft tissue abscess. Cellulitis presented as increased subcutaneous thickness. Of the 31 patients clinically suspected to have osteomyelitis, and subjected to ultrasound, 25 were proven to be osteomyelitis at surgery or by subsequent radiological changes, 4 had soft tissue abscesses and the remaining 2 had cellulitis. Co‐existent hip joint effusion was seen in 2 patients. It is felt that ultrasound is simple and non‐invasive investigation, capable of detecting bone and soft tissue infections.
Duplex Doppler Ultrasound Signs of Portal Hypertension: Relative Diagnostic Value of Examination of Paraumbilical Vein, Portal Vein and Spleen
Authors: DITCHFIELD M.R. , GIBSON R.N. , DONLAN J.D. , GIBSON P.R. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTThe sonographic parameters in portal hypertension (PHT) were examined in a consecutive population of 118 patients who had PHT diagnosed using specific endoscopic, sonographic and Doppler signs. A patent or enlarged paraumbilical vein was found in 85.6% of patients overall and 82.5% of patients with varices indicating a relatively high sensitivity. A portal vein diameter ≤ 13mm was found in only 41.1% and ≤ 15mm in only 20% of patients. A thrombosed portal vein and reversed portal vein flow were present in 3.4% and 5.3% of patients respectively. These signs have only been reported in the context of PHT and are felt to be specific for PHT, but both have a very low sensitivity.Portal vein velocities were highly variable suggesting that this is not a useful predictor of PHT. Splenomegaly was found in only 53.5% of patients demonstrating its poor sensitivity as a sign of PHT. Varices were found in 73.3% of patients overall, and in 100% of patients with a patent or enlarged paraumbilical vein combined with ascites. No other statistically significant correlation between varices and sonographic findings was demonstrated.We conclude that the presence of a patent or enlarged paraumbilical vein is a practical, useful and sensitive ultrasound sign to look for in the diagnosis of PHT.
Breast Pain Associated with Mammographic Compression
Authors: LEANEY BARRY J. , MARTIN MICHAEL 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTFirm breast compression during film‐screen mammography is necessary to achieve optimum image quality while minimizing radiation time. Of 374 women who fully completed a questionnaire following mammography, 225 (60%) reported no pain, 115 (31%) moderate pain and only 3 (1%) reported severe pain. Only one patient stated that the pain from the procedure would prevent her from having a further mammogram. Underlying breast disease (usually fibmystic disease) is associated with a greater incidence and severity of breast pain, but, no relationship has been demonstrated with regards to the patient's age, hormonal status, menstruation or caffeine intake. The high level of acceptance of firm compression by women in our study indicates that undue concern regarding patient discomfort should not deter people from referral for mammography or from the application of firm compression.
CT Evaluation of Orbital Osseous Hemangioma
Authors: SOOD SAMEER , VASHISHT S. , BETHARIA S.M. , BERRY M. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTTwo patients with osseous hemangioma of the orbit, and with typical features on plain radiography and computed tomography, are reported. The typical features of osseous hemangioma of the orbit on computerised tomography (CT) are: expansile bony lesion limited by a thin sclerotic rim, bony trabeculae radiating from the centre to the periphery of the lesion, and absence of an associated extra‐tumoral soft tissue mass. To the best of our knowledge this is the first report of osseous hemangioma of the orbit evaluated by CT.
Cerebro‐Costo‐Mandibular Syndrome
Authors: LIM C.T. , KOH M.T. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTCerebro‐costo‐mandibular syndrome (CCM) is a very rare entity with oro‐facial features closely resembling Pierre‐Robin anomaly (1,2). We describe a patient with typical features: severe micro‐gnathia, glossoptosis, central cleft soft palate and multiple posterior rib‐gap defects Seen on chest radiograph. Respiratory distress which was evident soon after birth was relieved by an oro‐pharyngeal airway. He suffered from a cardio‐respiratory arrest and succumbed, presumably secondary to aspiration of milk feeds, before a tracheostomy cwld be performed.
A Comparison Between M.R.I. and C.T. in Acute Spinal Trauma
Authors: SILBERSTEIN MORRY , TRESS BRIAN M. , HENNESSY OLIVER 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTMagnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) at 0.3T and Computed Tomography (CT) were compared in the retrospective evaluation of 34 patients with acute spinal cord injury. MRI was highly accurate in the imaging of vertebral body fracture, and spondylitk changes, and is the method of choice for imaging ligament injury, traumatic disc protrusion and spinal cord compression. It was also useful for the identification of subtle subluxations in the sagittal plane. CT remains the method of choice for imaging neural arch fractures. MRI at 0.3T is a valid technique for assessing patients with acute spinal trauma.
Pulmonary Arteriovenous Malformations: Pathology, Clinical Features and Treatment with Balloon and Coil Occlusion
Authors: GOERGEN STACY K. , SACHARIAS NINA R. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTThis paper discusses the cases of 5 patients who have had therapeutic occlusion of their pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVM) performed radiologically at Alfred Hospital in the past 4 years. The salient pathological, clinical and radiological features of PAVM are also presented.
Accelerated Thrombolysis Facilitated by Direct Puncture of Occluded Prosthetic Femoral Grafts
Authors: PAGE J.E. , BUCKENHAM T.M. , TAYLOR R.S. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTInability to access occluded grafts is a major limitation to successful thrombolysis and may even preclude it. This paper addresses the problem and offers a new technique of direct puncture of prosthetic grafts through which thrombolysis and angioplasty can be performed. These techniques resulted in accelerated thrombolysis in all 15 patients studied with no failures due to inability to attain graft access.
Non Small Cell Carcinoma of the Lung A Retrospective Study Presented at the 41st Annual Meeting of the Royal Australasian College of Radiologists, September 1990, Perth
Authors: STEVENS GRAHAM , FIRTH IAN 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTA retrospective study was undertaken in 1990 of 188 patients with the diagnosis of non small cell carcinoma of the lung referred to the Department of Radiation Oncology in 1984. Most patients (178/188) received a course of radiotherapy. This was definitive in 23, palliative in 148 (primary site in 113, metastases in 16, primary plus metastases in 19) and postoperative in 7. This report is a 5 year followup of the 171 patients treated by radiation alone, to assess factors that influence survival.Tumour histology was 50% squamous, 23% adenocarcinoma, 16% large cell and 4% unspecified, non small cell carcinoma. In 8% no histological diagnosis was obtained. The most common symptoms were cough (44%), dyspnoea (43%), chest pain (37%), haemoptysis (33%) and systemic symptoms (36%). Tumour stage (TNM) was assessed retrospectively as I(5%), II(8%), IIIA(18%), IIIB(22%) and IV(28%). A subgroup of 31 cases (18%) of uncertain staging (I‐III) was analysed separately and in 2 cases (1%) no staging information was available.Palliative intent of treatment and poorer performance status were related significantly to increasing stage of disease. The effects of palliative treatment were recorded in 79 cases; in 71 there was a reduction in symptoms.The median survival from diagnosis was 8 months (range <1–72). Using univariate and multivariate analyses, significant and independent prognostic factors for improved survival were good performance status, absence of systemic symptoms, lower tumour stage and curative intent of treatment (higher radiation dose). However the 5–year survival was only 2%. Long‐term survival was associated predominantly with early stage disease but not with the type or intent of treatment. Age, sex, histology and apical site did not influence survival.These results are comparable to those found in the literature and emphasise the need to select patients carefully for either palliative or aggressive treatment.
Bilateral Spondylolysis and Associated Dysplasia of C6
Authors: JONES D.N. , SAGE M.R. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTCervical spondylolysis is a rare condition, characterised by the presence of a corticated cleft between the superior and inferior articular facets of the articular mass (1). This defect involves the cervical equivalent of the pars interarticularis of the lumbar spine. Associated dysplastic changes are present, suggesting that the lesion is congenital (1 and 2). This case report describes bilateral spondylolysis and associated dysplasia of C6 in an 18 year old female. The importance of this lesion lies in its differentiation from the more serious articular mass fracture or dislocation (1).
Post‐Laminectomy Pseudomeningocele: An Unusual Cause of Bone Erosion
Authors: LAU KENNETH K. , STEBNYCKYJ MARK , McKENZIE ALLAN 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTPseudomeningocele is a rare complication of laminectomy, which can cause recurrent back pain with or without radicular signs. A case of bone erosion of the posterior vertebral elements by a pseudomeningocele is discussed.
Scintigraphic Diagnosis and Computed Tomographic Localization of an Accessory Spleen Following Relapse of Chronic Immune Thrombocytopaenia
Authors: CARDACI G.T. , BLAKE M.P. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTChronic immune thrombocytopaenia is an immunologically mediated disorder resulting in disordered platelet kinetics and potentially life‐threatening thrombocytopaenia. Failure of medical therapy is an indication for splenectomy, and responses are seen in 80% of patients following this procedure. An important cause of relapse following splenectomy is the presence of an accessory spleen.We describe a patient with Hodgkin's Disease who developed chronic immune thrombocytopaenia despite previous splenectomy. A remission was induced with immunosuppressive therapy, but he later relapsed.An accessory spleen was detected using 99mTc denatured red blood cells and localized using computed tomography (CT). Resection of the accessory spleen resulted in clinical remission.Accessory spleens are often small in size. Combined modality imaging is recommended in the evaluation of patients with a possible accessory spleen.
Lung dose rate and interstitial pneumonitis in total body irradiation for bone marrow transplantation
Authors: GOGNA N. KUMAR , MORGAN GRAEME , DOWNS KATE , ATKINSON KERRY , BIGGS JAMES 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe effect of dose rate to the lungs and development of interstitial pneumonitis (IP) was evaluated in 114 bone marrow transplant patients receiving fractionated total body irradiation (TBI) (1200 rads TD in 6 fractions twice daily over 3 days) as part of their pre‐conditioning regimen. The tumour dose (TD) was calculated as the mean lung dose as previously described (1). A 6MV linear accelerator at a mid‐line dose rate of 7.5 rads/minute was used between March 1981 and June 1985 and a Co‐60 source at 5 rads/minute thereafter. This resulted in a range of dose rates to the lung of between 6.9 and 8.9 rads/minute and 2.9 and 6.5 rads/minute respectively. In the majority of patients the aetiology of IP was investigated by lung biopsy with histology and culture. There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of IP over the two sets of dose rates. Our study suggests tat the incidence of IP using fractionated TBI is not influenced by dose rates below 8.9 rads per minute.
Gadolinium‐enhanced MRI of soft tissue masses
Authors: HARKENS KAREN L. , MOORE TIMOTHY E. , YUH WILLIAM T.C. , KATHOL MARY H. , HAWES DONALD R. , EL‐KHOURY GEORGES Y. , BERBAUM KEVIN S. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACT The efficacy of gadopentetate dimeglumine (Gd‐DTPA) enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in the diagnosis and differentiation of soft‐tissue, neoplastic and non‐neoplastic lesion has not been well established. Thirty patients with soft tissue masses (18 neoplastic and 12 non‐neoplastic) were studied, using MR imaging with and without administration of Gd‐DTPA. Gd‐DTPA proved helpful in characterisation of several entities, including differentiation of solid mass from proteinaceous cyst, demonstration of tumour nodules within haemor‐rhagic or necrotic masses, and delineation of tumour adjacent to oedema. The use of Gd‐DTPA may provide additional information for tissue specificity and, in complicated cases, Gd‐DTPA may also provide essential information that cannot be obtained using other methods. We recommend the use of contrast enhanced MR as an adjunct to conventional MR imaging in the initial assessment of musculoskeletal soft tissue masses. However, T2‐weighted images show better tissue contrast of the lesions, and are equal to contrast enhanced images in delineation of tumour margins. Non‐contrast enhanced images are, therefore, probably adequate for the delineation of lesions for surgical planning when a diagnosis has already been made.
The use of MRI in the diagnosis of benign and malignant bone and soft tissue tumours
Authors: GRIFFITHS HARRY J. , GALLOWAY HOWARD R. , THOMPSON ROBY C. , SUH JIN‐SUCK , NELSON THOMAS E. , EVERSON LENORE , EDLIN JAMES P. , LYNN BRYAN J. , LANG DAVID 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACT Two hundred and thirty four suspected primary bone and soft tissue tumours were investigated using plain films and MRI. The MR appearance of 200 of these tumours was assessed with respect to the intensity of the lesion, the homogeneity of the tumour, the presence or absence of a capsule or lobulation, whether the tumour was whorled or not and whether it contained either fluid or blood. Apart from benign lipomas and some malignant myxoid liposarcomas, however, it seemed virtually impossible to tell one tumour from another and in many cases to differentiate a benign lesion from a malignant tumour using MRI alone. We recommend that the workup of a suspected soft tissue tumour should be initially by MR scanning and that the workup of a suspected malignant bone tumour should be plain films followed by an MRI scan.
Amiodarone pulmonary toxicity: its radiological features
Authors: DELANY STEPHEN G. , TAYLOR D. ROBIN , RESTIEAUX NORMA , DOYLE TERENCE C. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACT Two cases of pulmonary toxicity associated with chronic ingestion of amiodarone are presented. Special emphasis is given to the radiological features which may aid in the clinical diagnosis of this disorder.
Hereditary tyrosinaemia (HT) type 1A
Authors: LAM ALBERT H. , VILLANUEVA ANGELA C. , ONG JULIE 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACT Two infants, aged 5 and 6 months, with the chronic form of HT Type 1 A were studied with sonography and CT. The imaging findings mirrored the pathological process. The sonographic findings included marked hepatomegaly, the parenchyma being of increased echogenicity due to fibrosis and fatty infiltration, and containing multiple hypoechoic regenerating nodules of varying sizes. There was marked nephromegaly, with uniform thickening of the renal cortices. Apart from the density measurement of the hepatic nodules and the perfusion status of the liver and kidney, no additional information was added by CT imaging. The diagnosis of HT Type 1 A should be excluded in an infant presented with the described typical sonographic features.
Bone involvement in Hodgkin's disease
Authors: BORG M.F. , CHOWDHURY A.D. , BHOOPAL S. , BENJAMIN C.S. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACT Bone involvement in Hodgkin's disease is uncommon and seldom encountered at initial diagnosis. Seven cases with osseous involvement were identified from a series of 147 patients with Hodgkin's disease treated at Auckland Hospital from 1980 to 1988. Only one patient was found to have bone lesions at the time of initial presentation. Two patients had multiple lesions and 5 had a solitary lesion. Sites of involvement included the spine, pelvis, femur, humerus, ribs, sternum, scapula and base of skull. Six patients had nodular sclerosing histology and one had mixed cellularity disease. All 7 patients were treated with systemic chemotherapy for their advanced disease, and 5 patients needed local radiotherapy to sites of bone involvement. The radiation dosage schedules were individualized, ranging from 30 Gy to 40 Gy, using either a 6 MeV linear accelerator or cobalt machine. At the time of analysis of this study, 4 patients were in complete remission, 2 patients completed chemotherapy with good response and only 1 patient died of disseminated disease. The current review has demonstrated an encouraging response to treatment and good long term control. We believe that combined‐modality therapy is effective in the treatment of osseous involvement in Hodgkin's disease.
Interventional sialography using digital imaging
Authors: BUCKENHAM T. , GUEST P. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACT We review our results in treating 5 patients with parotid duct pathology (3 stenoses, 2 calculi), using digital subtraction imaging for sialography, and standard interventional techniques using balloon catheters. Good technical results were achieved in all 5 patients. We describe our techniques and how they were modified to overcome various difficulties.
Skeletal abnormalities in primary oxalosis
Authors: DESMOND PATRICIA , HENNESSY OLIVER 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACT A case of primary oxalosis and hyperoxaluria in a 16 year old boy is presented. The skeletal appearances in this disorder result from the deposition of oxalate crystals in the bone marrow. Prior to the advent of renal dialysis and transplantation these patients invariably died at a young age.
A thrombosed saccular posterior cerebral artery aneurysm in an infant
Authors: CHEUNG H. , LEE F.C. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACT A case of recurrent hemiplegia due to saccular aneurysm of the left posterior cerebral artery in a female infant is described. The diagnosis was made at angiography, prompted by CT detection of a hyperdense, intra‐aneurysmal thrombus, and was confirmed at subsequent surgery.
Hemangioma of spleen with spontaneous, extra‐peritoneal rupture, with associated splenic tuberculosis — an unusual presentation
Authors: RAO R.C. KESAVA , GHOSE RITA , SAWHNEY SUKHPAL , BERRY MANORAMA 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACT We report a case of unusual presentation of a patient with hemangioma of the spleen. The patient had presented with recurrent gastric hemorrhage and significant weight loss, due to ruptured hemangioma of the spleen and associated splenic tuberculosis. The true nature of the lesions remained a diagnostic dilemma despite complete radiological workup and review of literature.
Pacemaker function during irradiation: in vivo and in vitro effect
Authors: NGU S. L. CHARLES , O'MELEY PATRICK , JOHNSON NEVA , COLLINS CATHRYN 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACT With an ageing population in Australia, one would expect the probability of treating cancer patients who have a cardiac pacemaker to increase. In this paper the effect of ionizing radiation and electromagnetic interference on pacemaker function is discussed. A case of a cancer patient, with pacemaker, treated with radiotherapy without III effect, is described. Concurrently, four pacemakers were tested in vitro with gamma radiation from a 60 Cobalt machine and no adverse effect was found. A list of precautions is recommended.
Budd‐Chiari syndrome: successful treatment by percutaneous transluminal angioplasty
Authors: FOCK K.M. , CHAN C.C. , KHOO T.K. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACT Budd Chiari syndrome is a rare disorder. It is caused by obstruction of the hepatic veins. The prognosis is usually dismal, except in the rare case where the obstruction is due to either webs in the hepatic veins or membranous obstruction of the inferior vena cava. Such cases, more common in the Orient, can be treated by percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. We report a case of Budd Chiari syndrome, due to a membranous obstruction in the right hepatic vein, successfully treated by percutaneous transluminal angioplasty.