bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis, kinetic study, and application of Ti[O(CH2)4OCHCH2]4 in ring‐opening polymerization of ε‐caprolactone and radical polymerization
Authors: Li Peichun , Zerroukhi Amar , Chen Jianding , Chalamet Yvan , Jeanmaire Thomas , Xia Zhean 
Published: October 2008

AbstractTi[O(CH2)4OCHCH2]4, used for the ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) of ε‐caprolactone, was synthesized through the ester‐exchange reaction of titanium n‐propoxide and 1,4‐butanediol vinyl ether, and its chemical structure was confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The mechanism and kinetics of Ti[O(CH2)4OCHCH2]4‐initiated bulk polymerization of ε‐caprolactone were investigated. The results demonstrate that Ti[O (CH2)4OCHCH2]4‐initiated polymerization of ε‐caprolactone proceeds through the coordination‐insertion mechanism, and all the four alkoxide arms in Ti[O (CH2)4OCHCH2]4 share a similar activity in initiating ROP of ε‐caprolactone. The polymerization process can be well predicted by the obtained kinetic parameters, and the activation energy is 106 KJ/mol. Then, the rheological method was employed to investigate the feasibility of producing the crosslinked poly(ε‐caprolactone)‐poly (n‐butyl acrylate) network by using Ti[O(CH2)4OCHCH2]4 as the ROP initiator. The tensile test demonstrates that the in situ generated crosslinked PCL‐PBA network in PMMA matrix provides the possibility of ameliorating the tensile properties of PMMA. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 7773–7784, 2008
Studies on structure property relationship in a polymer–clay nanocomposite film based on (PAN)8LiClO4
Authors: Sharma A. L. , Shukla Namrata , Thakur Awalendra K. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractA new combination of ionically conducting polymer–clay nanocomposites based on (PAN)8LiClO4 + x wt % montmorillonite (unmodified) clay has been prepared using the standard solution cast process. X‐Ray diffraction (XRD) analysis reveals strong interaction of polymer salt complex (PS) with the montmorillonite matrix evidenced by changes in d001 spacing of the clay and enhancement in the clay gallery width on composite formation possibly due to intercalation of polymer–salt complex into nanometric clay galleries. Evidences of such an interaction among polymer–ion–clay components of the composite matrix has also been observed in the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrum results. FTIR results clearly indicated cation (Li+) coordination at nitrile (CN) site of the polymer backbone along with appearance of a shoulder suggesting strong evidence of polymer–ion interaction. Addition of clay into the PS matrix has been observed to affect ion–ion interaction resulting from ion dissociation effect at low clay loading in the PNC films. Complex impedance spectroscopy (CIS) analysis has provided a response comprising of a semicircular arc followed by a spike attributed respectively, to the bulk conduction and electrode polarization at the interfaces. Electrical transport appears to be predominantly ionic (tion = 0.99) with significant improvement in the electrical conductivity and thermal stability properties. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 46: 2577–2592, 2008
Positron annihilation and free volume studies in polymer glasses
Authors: Shantarovich V. P. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractIn this article, the interconnections between the ortho‐positronium (the bound state of the positron and electron having parallel orientation of spins, TPs) pick‐off annihilation characteristics and concentration and effective size of elementary free volumes in polymer structures are discussed. Free volume parameters are responsible for many important properties of polymers such as permeability to gases, selectivity, ageing mechanical strength, etc. However, the ways of quantitative estimations of size distributions of the free volume elements on the bases of experimental data are sometime not obvious. Various approaches to this problem are analyzed in this review mostly on examples of glassy polymer membrane materials. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 46: 2485–2503, 2008
Growth of lung function in children with sickle cell anemia
Authors: Field Joshua J. , DeBaun Michael R. , Yan Yan , Strunk Robert C. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractLung disease is a common cause of morbidity among children with sickle cell disease (SCD). Although cross‐sectional studies of children with SCD describe abnormal pulmonary function, the pattern of lung function growth in these children compared to children in the general population is not known. To provide preliminary evidence that growth of lung function is attenuated in children with SCD, we conducted a retrospective cohort study of children with hemoglobin SS (HbSS) ages 6–19 years who received at least two spirometry assessments for clinical care. The growth of lung function in these cases was compared to age, gender, and race‐specific children without SCD or respiratory complaints from the Harvard Six Cities Study (H6CS). Seventy‐nine children with HbSS contributed 363 spirometry measurements (mean per child = 4.6, median = 4.0, range = 2–17) and 255 controls contributed 1,543 spirometry measurements (mean per child = 6.1, median = 6.0, range = 2–13). Longitudinal forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1) was lower for boys and girls with HbSS compared to children in the general population,P = 0.031 andP = 0.002, respectively. When compared to the H6CS cohort, girls with HbSS showed lower longitudinal forced vital capacity (FVC) (P < 0.001) and FEV1/FVC (0.038); there was no difference in FVC or FEV1/FVC between boys in the HbSS and H6CS cohort. We conclude that growth of lung function is reduced in children with HbSS compared to children in the general population. Gender may influence the risk of developing abnormal lung function and airway obstruction in children with HbSS. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2008; 43:1061–1066. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Reproductive and sexual health in boys with cystic fibrosis: What do parents know and say?
Authors: Frayman Katherine B. , Cerritelli Belinda , Wilson John , Sawyer Susan M. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractObjectiveImproved life expectancy in cystic fibrosis (CF) alters the significance of developmentally relevant aspects such as sexual and reproductive health (SRH). Men with CF report parents are an important source of information about infertility, but parent perspectives remain unknown. The aim of this study was to systematically explore parents' knowledge, attitudes and behaviors regarding the SRH education of their sons.Patients and MethodsEligible participants were parents of boys with CF aged at least 6 years who completed a 61‐item written questionnaire that was developed to measure parent knowledge and education about CF‐specific aspects of SRH, and parent attitudes and behaviors about the CF‐specific sexuality education of their sons.ResultsEighty‐four mothers (82%) and 64 fathers (70%) completed the questionnaire. All but one knew of probable infertility, being primarily informed at the time of diagnosis. Since then, 19% of parents reported subsequent discussions of SRH with their son's CF specialist, mostly initiated by parents. Adolescence was considered the most appropriate time for the initial education of boys. Sixty percent of parents worried how their sons would react. Ninety‐five percent of parents said that they (alone or together with the CF specialist) should first inform their sons of probable infertility. Only 30% of parents were satisfied with their current knowledge.ConclusionThese parents are well informed about male infertility in CF. However, they have had little opportunity for subsequent discussion of SRH with health professionals since their son's diagnosis. As boys mature, subsequent SRH discussions by health professionals with parents are indicated. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2008; 43:1107–1116. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Incidence of cystic fibrosis in the Albanian population
Authors: Festini Filippo , Taccetti Giovanni , Repetto Teresa , Mannini Claudia , Neri Stella , Bisogni Sofia , de Martino Maurizio 
Published: October 2008

AbstractBackgroundCystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common life‐threatening genetic disease in the Western world. Its incidence varies between 1:4,000 and 1:2,500 among Europeans. No data are available on the incidence of CF among Albanians, mainly due to difficulties of the local health system.GoalsTo estimate the incidence of CF and the prevalence of healthy carrier status among Albanian ethnic people; to evaluate the incidence of hypertrypsinaemia at birth among Albanian newborns.MethodsWe used the database of the newborn screening of Tuscany, Italy for the period 1991–2005. Children born to both Albanian parents in Tuscany were identified and incidences were calculated.ResultsThe incidence of CF among Albanians (1/555, 99% CI: 1/2,980–1/306) was significantly higher than the rest of the Tuscan population (1/4,101, 99% CI: 1/5,564–1/3,248). The prevalence of CF carrier status among Albanians living in Tuscany is estimated to be 1/12 (99%CI 1/27–1/9) while in the rest of the Tuscan population it is 1/32 (99%CI 1/37–1/28). The incidence of hypertrypsinaemia at birth among Albanian newborns (1/55 99%CI: 1/74–1/44) was significantly higher than in the rest of the population (1/84, 99%CI 1/88–1/82).ConclusionThe incidence of CF among Albanians is considerably higher than expected. Albanian people have a risk to give birth to children with CF higher than the rest of Europeans. The implementation of a newborn screening program in Albania, together with a CF follow up program is highly advisable. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2008; 43:1124–1129. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
First observation of dynamic shape changes of a gold nanoparticle catalyst under reaction gas environment by transmission electron microscopy
Authors: Ueda Kouta , Kawasaki Tadahiro , Hasegawa Hitoshi , Tanji Takayoshi , Ichihashi Mikio 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe surface structure of catalytic gold nanoparticles was observed dynamically during CO oxidation using an environmental‐cell transmission electron microscope (E‐cell TEM) system. In the developed system, the gold catalyst specimen can be set under the reaction gas condition by separating it from the vacuum using ultra‐thin carbon films. We have developed a method capable of yielding for carbon films 8‐nm thick, capable of withstanding a gas pressure of 2 atm. In situ observations using the above system indicated marked changes in the surface shape of the gold nanoparticle catalyst during the reaction. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cowden Syndrome: A Critical Review of the Clinical Literature
Authors: Pilarski Robert 
Published: October 2008

AbstractCowden syndrome (CS) is a multi‐system disease involving hamartomatous overgrowth of tissues of all three embryonic origins and increased risks for thyroid, breast and possibly other cancers. Benign breast, thyroid, uterine and skin lesions are also common. Approximately 80% of patients with CS have an identifiable germline mutation in the PTEN gene. The majority of the existing data on the frequencies of component clinical features have been obtained from compilations of case reports in the literature, many of which predate the establishment in 1996 of consensus diagnostic criteria. Many of these reports also suffer from ascertainment bias which emphasized the dermatologic features of the disease. This paper presents an overview of Cowden syndrome focusing on a critical evaluation of the major literature on the component cancers, benign features, and molecular findings in CS, noting the limitations of the published data.
FISH in der Diagnostik hämatologischer Neoplasien
Authors: Bacher U. , Haferlach C. 
Published: October 2008

Zusammenfassung
Sämtliche hämatologische Neoplasien zeigen eine große klinische Variabilität. Allerdings lassen sich die Entitäten in eine Vielzahl von Prognose bestimmenden Subtypen auf der Basis genetischer Marker einteilen. Die individuelle Abstimmung der Therapie erfordert daher eine exakte Klassifikation des genetischen Subtyps. In Verbindung mit der Chromosomenanalyse spielt die Fluoreszenz-in-situ-Hybridisierung (FISH) dabei eine zentrale Rolle – für die weitere Aufklärung von Befunden der Chromosomenanalyse, z. B. bei akuten Leukämien, oder die Klassifikation diverser Subtypen, wie bei den Non-Hodgkin-Lymphomen. In Abhängigkeit von der Erkrankung kommt der FlSH-Analyse eine unterschiedliche Bedeutung zu. Sie wird zum einen als Methode der ersten Wahl zur genetischen Charakterisierung einer Erkrankung, z. B. des multiplen Myeloms, angewandt, oder kommt in Kombination mit der Chromosomenbänderungsanalyse zum Einsatz. Ferner kommt ihr eine essenzielle Bedeutung zu, wenn eine rasche Bestätigung einer Diagnose erforderlich ist, wie bei der akuten Promyelozytenleukämie mit t(15;17)/PML-RARA-Rearrangement, bei der ein sofortiger Therapiebeginn mit All-trans-Retinsäure (ATRA) notwendig ist.
Exosomal sorting of the cytoplasmic domain of bovine leukemia virus TM Env protein
Authors: De Gassart Aude , Trentin Bernadette , Martin Marianne , Hocquellet Agnès , Bette‐Bobillo Pascale , Mamoun Robert , Vidal Michel 
Published: October 2008

AbstractExosomes are small membrane vesicles that are released into the extracellular compartment as a consequence of fusion of multivesicular endosomes with the plasma membrane. To unravel the molecular basis of protein sorting into exosomes, we have made a chimeric protein containing the cytosolic domain of the transmembrane subunit of the viral Env protein of BLV and the ectodomain of CD8 (CDTM‐BLV–CD8). When expressed in K562 cells known to constitutively secrete exosomes, the chimera was found to be very efficiently targeted to the released vesicles. Very interestingly, the cytosolic domain of the Env protein contains peptide motifs potentially recognized by components of the ESCRT machinery that could be related to chimera sorting into the vesicles. Then, quantifying the chimera secretion, we investigated the site of exosome biogenesis in K562 cells using a pharmacological approach. We present different arguments indicating that CDTM‐BLV–CD8‐containing exosomes are likely formed from a recycling endosomal/TGN compartment.
The influence of body mass index on in vitro fertilization outcome
Authors: Orvieto Raoul , Meltcer Simion , Nahum Ravit , Rabinson Jacob , Anteby Eyal Y. , Ashkenazi Jacob 
Published: October 2008

AbstractObjectiveTo examine whether body mass index (BMI) influences the outcome of in vitro fertilization (IVF).MethodsWe studied 516 IVF cycles, 438 undergone by nonobese (BMI ≤ 30) and 78 by obese (BMI > 30) women who all had an a priori favorable prognosis (age < 40 years and first, second, or third IVF cycle).ResultsPregnancy was achieved in 122 (27.9%) nonobese and 12 (15.4%) obese women. The obese women required significantly longer stimulation and more gonadotropin ampoules, and had lower peak estradiol levels and a significantly lower fertilization rate; obese poor responders had a significantly lower pregnancy rate than nonobese poor responders; and the prevalence of poor responders was significantly higher among obese than nonobese women (28.2% vs 16.9%, P < 0.04).ConclusionWhile the likelihood of poor responders was increased among obese women, reasonable conception rates were achieved in nonobese poor responders, and were comparable to the rates in nonobese and obese normal responders.
The origin of low-Be quartz-fluorite field at the Ermakovskoe high-grade F-Be-ore deposit
Authors: Damdinova L.B. , Reyf F.G. 
Published: October 2008

Abstract
With geological, mineralogical, and petrographic methods, thermometry, and microprobe analysis of fluid inclusions, the structure and formation conditions of a specific orebody (zone 12) of the Ermakovskoe F-Be deposit have been established. This orebody is similar in fluorite content to other orebodies of the deposit (28.7 and 24.6%, respectively) but has the lowest average content of Be (~0.1% BeO against 1.19%). It is shown that in contrast to high-grade apocarbonate ores, the Ermakovskoe deposit formed mainly through the filling of the cavities of host rocks (syenites and schists) rather than the rock replacement. Calcium necessary for the formation of fluorite was supplied, most likely, as complexes Na2CaF4 and Ca2Cl3F by moderately saline (11.5–12.5 wt.% NaCl equiv.) F-rich (=0.3 mole/kg) solutions. The fluorite was deposited as a result of the solution cooling from ≥430 to 250 °C. Microprobe analysis of fluid inclusions showed that the solutions of ore zone 12 were similar in Be concentration to near-neutral and alkaline solutions that produced high-grade apocarbonate ores of the deposit but were of acid composition (pH≈4 at 350 °C). Cooling of such solutions to 100 °C is not accompanied by the decrease in the solubility of prevailing Be fluorcomplexes, which accounts for the low BeO content in the orebody of zone 12.
Introgression of a disrupted cadherin gene enables susceptibleHelicoverpa armigerato obtain resistance toBacillus thuringiensistoxin Cry1Ac
Authors: Yang Y.-H. , Yang Y.-J. , Gao W.-Y. , Guo J.-J. , Wu Y.-H. , Wu Y.-D. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractA disrupted allele (r1) of a cadherin gene (Ha_BtR) is genetically associated with incompletely recessive resistance toBacillus thuringiensistoxin Cry1Ac in a Cry1Ac-selected strain (GYBT) ofHelicoverpa armigera. Ther1allele ofHa_BtRwas introgressed into a susceptible SCD strain by crossing the GYBT strain to the SCD strain, followed by repeated backcrossing to the SCD strain and molecular marker assisted family selection. The introgressed strain (designated as SCD-r1, carrying homozygousr1allele) obtained 438-fold resistance to Cry1Ac, >41-fold resistance to Cry1Aa and 31-fold resistance Cry1Ab compared with the SCD strain; however, there was no significant difference in susceptibility to Cry2Aa between the integrated and parent strains. It confirms that the loss of function mutation ofHa_BtRalone can confer medium to high levels of resistance to the three Cry1A toxins inH. armigera. Reciprocal crosses between the SCD and SCD-r1 strains showed that resistance to Cry1Ac in the SCD-r1 strain was completely recessive. Life tables of the SCD and SCD-r1 strains on artificial diet in the laboratory were constructed, and results showed that the net replacement rate (R0) did not differ between the strains. The toxicity of two chemical insecticides, fenvalerate and monocrotophos, against the SCD-r1 strain was not significantly different from that to the SCD strain. However, larval development time of the SCD-r1 strain was significantly longer than that of the SCD strain, indicating a fitness cost of slower larval growth is associated withHa_BtRdisruption inH. armigera.
ON FUNCTIONAL CENTRAL LIMIT THEOREMS FOR LINEAR RANDOM FIELDS WITH DEPENDENT INNOVATIONS
Authors: KO MI-HWA , KIM HYUN-CHULL , KIM TAE-SUNG 
Published: October 2008

AbstractFor a linear random field (linear p-parameter stochastic process) generated by a dependent random field with zero mean and finite qth moments (q>2p), we give sufficient conditions that the linear random field converges weakly to a multiparameter standard Brownian motion if the corresponding dependent random field does so.
Intra-Party Politics and Minority Coalition Government in South Korea
Authors: KIM YOUNGMI 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThis paper examines the internal dynamics of Korean political parties to understand why the minority coalition government of Kim Dae-jung suffered from political stalemate or deadlocks in the legislature. It shows that a focus on the size of the government in terms of a majority status in the legislature does not offer a convincing explanation of why the Kim Dae-jung administration slid towards ungovernability. Instead better insights come from an analysis of party organization, an aspect of party politics rarely examined through in-depth analysis. The paper shows that in terms of the key dimensions of organization (leadership type, factionalism, funding, linkage role) Korean political parties fail to connect citizens to the political system.
Legislative Party Switching and Executive Coalitions
Authors: MERSHON CAROL 
Published: October 2008

AbstractIn parliamentary systems, legislative parties are the building blocks for executive coalitions. A standard assumption in the large literature on coalition politics is that legislative parties form fixed units from one election to the next. Under some conditions, however, this assumption falls flat. For instance, about one-fourth of legislators in the Italian lower house switched parties between 1996 and 2001. How is legislative party switching linked to the politics of executive coalitions? This paper examines how government composition affects the direction of party switching, and how party switching affects the reallocation of cabinet office. I devote in-depth scrutiny to Italy. Subsidiary country cases, chosen to maximize institutional variation, are Australia, Britain, Canada, France, and Spain.
Defining, Identifying, and Evaluating Clinical Trials of Stuttering Treatments: A Tutorial for Clinicians
Authors: Onslow Mark , Jones Mark , O’Brian Sue , Menzies Ross , Packman Ann 
Published: October 2008

Purpose
To develop a method for clinicians to evaluate stuttering treatment efficacy research with very little burden of work.

Method
The clinical trial is the most fundamental, clinically interpretable, and useful output unit of stuttering treatment research. We define a clinical trial of a stuttering treatment and specify 3 levels of clinical trials evidence. We use this taxonomy to identify and evaluate clinical trials of stuttering treatment. Our taxonomy draws on 2 fundamental principles of clinical trials used to evaluate health care: randomization and effect size.

Results
Published clinical trials of stuttering treatments were identified and allocated to 1 of 3 levels of evidence.

Conclusions
We outline a 3-step, semi-automated, Internet-based method to identify the publication of a report of stuttering treatment efficacy. For a report identified as such, a 10-item checklist is applied to verify its status as a clinical trial and to allocate it to 1 of 3 levels of clinical trials evidence. The present taxonomy reduces the burden of work of a 136-item checklist in an existing taxonomy.
Short stature, smoking habits and birth outcome in international adoptees in Sweden
Authors: EKÉUS CECILIA , LINDBLAD FRANK , HJERN ANDERS 
Published: October 2008

AbstractObjective. To investigate short stature and smoking habits as risk factors for birth outcome in international adoptees in comparison with non‐adopted mothers. Design. Prospective cohort study. Setting. Nationwide study in Sweden. Population. Two study groups were identified from mothers who were born 1968–1979 and gave birth during 1982–2001 – 3,610 mother‐child dyads with a mother adopted from a non‐European country and 336,992 mother‐child dyads with a mother born in Sweden. Method. Register study. Outcome measures. Pre‐eclampsia, instrumental delivery, preterm delivery, small for gestational age (SGA), Apgar score, cephalhematoma and perinatal mortality and birth weight. Results. Short stature and smoking were more common in international adoptees compared with non‐adopted, odds ratios (ORs) 29.07 (95% C.I.: 25.29–33.42) and 1.39 (1.27–1.52), respectively. International adoptees had a slightly increased risk for instrumental delivery (OR: 1.42; 1.32–1.54) and preterm delivery (<37 weeks) (OR: 1.39; 1.24–1.56) and there was a slightly increased risk for SGA (OR: 1.24; 1.01–1.52) in their offspring. However, when we adjusted for maternal height, preterm delivery was the only outcome that remained statistically significant. Adjustment for smoking habits had marginal effects on all outcomes. Conclusion. The short stature of international adoptees increased their risk for delivery and birth complications in a predictable manner, but otherwise outcomes were very similar to the general population. No special obstetric monitoring is indicated by adoption status in itself.