bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Support for primary care prescribing for adult ADHD in England: national survey
Authors: Price Anna , Becker Kieran , Ward John H , Ukoumunne Obioha C , Gudka Rebecca , Salimi Anita , Mughal Faraz , Melendez-Torres GJ , Smith Jane R , Newlove-Delgado Tamsin 
Published: April 2024

BackgroundAttention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder, for which there are effective pharmacological treatments that improve symptoms and reduce complications. Guidelines published by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence recommend that primary care practitioners prescribe medication for adult ADHD under shared-care agreements with Adult Mental Health Services (AMHS). However, provision remains uneven, with some practitioners reporting a lack of support.AimThis study aimed to describe elements of support, and their availability/use, in primary care prescribing for adult ADHD medication in England to improve access for this underserved population and inform service improvement.Design and settingCross-sectional surveys were used to elicit data from commissioners, health professionals (HPs), and people with lived experience of ADHD (LE) across England about elements supporting pharmacological treatment of ADHD in primary care.MethodThree interlinked cross-sectional surveys were used to ask every integrated care board in England (commissioners), along with convenience samples of HPs and LEs, about prescribing rates, AMHS availability, wait times, and shared-care agreement protocols/policies for the pharmacological treatment of ADHD in primary care. Descriptive analyses, percentages, and confidence intervals were used to summarise responses by stakeholder group. Variations in reported provision and practice were explored and displayed visually using mapping software.ResultsData from 782 responders (42 commissioners, 331 HPs, 409 LEs) revealed differences in reported provision by stakeholder group, including for prescribing (95% of HPs versus 64% of LEs). In all, >40% of responders reported extended AMHS wait times of ≥2 years. There was some variability by NHS region – for example, London had the lowest reported extended wait time (25%), while East of England had the highest (55%).ConclusionElements supporting appropriate shared-care prescribing of ADHD medication via primary care are not universally available in England. Coordinated approaches are needed to address these gaps.
Towards reducing diagnostic delay in endometriosis in primary care: a qualitative study
Authors: de Kok Laura , Schers Henk , Boersen Zoë , Braat Didi , Teunissen Doreth , Nap Annemiek 
Published: April 2024

Background
Due to a heterogeneity of symptoms, a lack of an adequate diagnostic test, and a lack of awareness, diagnostic delay in endometriosis in primary care on average amounts to 35 months.

Aim
To determine which interventions are most feasible to reduce time to diagnosis in primary care, focusing on GPs’ preferences, the intervention’s content, design, and implementation.

Design & setting
We conducted a qualitative study by performing focus groups with GPs and GP trainees between July and October 2021.

Method
Data collection was continued until saturation was obtained. Focus groups were transcribed and openly encoded. Themes were formulated by three independent researchers.

Results
Divided over five focus groups 22 GPs and 13 GP trainees participated. Three themes were formulated: increasing awareness, combined intervention, and reaching unaware GPs. Suggestions for a combined intervention strategy were adaptation of guidelines, a diagnostic support tool, and compulsory education. To reach unaware GPs, participants felt that education should be offered in regional networks and education for GP trainees should be mandatory. A guideline on menstrual symptoms should be considered and the term endometriosis should be added to the differential diagnosis paragraphs of existing guidelines. A diagnostic support tool should be linked to a guideline and consist of a flowchart with steps starting with the first presentation of symptoms leading to the diagnosis of endometriosis.

Conclusion
According to GPs, a combined intervention strategy consisting of an adapted guideline, a diagnostic support tool, and education might be successful interventions in reducing diagnostic delay in endometriosis.
Tafonomía de aves en el sudeste de la región pampeana (Argentina)
Authors: Recofsky Marcos , Álvarez María Clara , Gutiérrez María A. , Rodríguez Juan Manuel , Massigoge Agustina , Scheifler Nahuel A. , Kaufmann Cristian A. 
Published: April 2024

Se presentan los resultados de observaciones tafonómicas naturalistas sobre restos de aves en el sudeste de la región pampeana. El objetivo general es caracterizar a los procesos y agentes que intervienen en la acumulación, dispersión y destrucción de los restos óseos de aves actuales. Las observaciones se efectuaron mediante transectas realizadas en cinco contextos ambientales: costa marina, sierras, lagunas, planicies y valles fluviales. Los resultados muestran una acumulación variable de restos de aves en los distintos ambientes, con una mayor frecuencia en la costa marina y en las sierras. Los principales agentes y procesos que afectan a los restos óseos son los carnívoros, la meteorización y la abrasión sedimentaria. Las probabilidades de preservación de los huesos varían en relación con el tipo de ave según su modo de locomoción. En general, las chances de incorporación de restos de aves al registro arqueológico son bajas. Este trabajo constituye un primer avance para ayudar a la interpretación de la escasa representación de las aves en el registro arqueológico regional.
POLYMORPHISM OF THE CAPN1 GENE AND THE RELATIONSHIP WITH THE PRODUCTIVE QUALITIES OF ANIMALS IN CATTLE
Authors: Чимидова Н.В. , Моисейкина Л.Г. , Убушиева А.В. , Убушиева В.С. , Хахлинов А.И. 
Published: April 2024

Цель настоящего исследования заключалась в изучении особенностей аллельного полиморфизма гена кальпаина – CAPN1 у крупного рогатого скота калмыцкой породы и определение его взаимосвязи с мясной продуктивностью. Согласно литературным данным, ген кальпаин считается ответственным за формирование «нежности» мяса. Животные с таким генотипом представляют большой интерес для селекции по повышению мясной продуктивности. На базе лаборатории молекулярной генетики РНПЦ по воспроизводству сельскохозяйственных животных ФГБОУ ВО «КалмГУ» проводились генетические исследования по ДНК-генотипированию калмыцкого скота. При анализе 50 образцов ДНК было установлено, что желательная форма аллеля гена CAPNСС имелась у 18% животных, 36% составляли гетерозиготные особи CAPNСG, у остальных животных выявлен аллель CAPNGG, равный 46%. Оценка ожидаемой гетерозиготности составила 0,46, а фактической – 0,36. Таким образом, в данной популяции калмыцкого скота наблюдается нарушение генного равновесия ввиду смещения фактического и теоретически ожидаемого количества гетерозигот. При анализе данных живой массы бычков и связанности её с генотипами установлено, что наибольшая живая масса отмечалась в группе животных с генотипом CAPNСС (386 кг ± 0,47). Высока доля гетерозиготных животных с живой массой 377,1 ± 0,73 кг, от которых в дальнейшем, при правильном ведении селекционно-племенной работы, теоретически возможно получить желательные генотипы.
The purpose of this research was to study the characteristics of the allelic polymorphism of the calpain gene – CAPN1 in cattle of the Kalmyk breed and determine its relationship with meat productivity. According to literature data, the calpain gene is considered responsible for the formation of the "tenderness" of meat. Animals with this genotype are of great interest for breeding to increase meat productivity. On the basis of the laboratory of molecular genetics of the RSPC for the reproduction of farm animals of the FSBEI of HE "KalmSU," genetic studies on DNA genotyping of Kalmyk cattle were carried out. When analyzing 50 DNA samples, it was found that 18% of animals had the desired form of the CAPNCCgene allele, 36% were heterozygous CAPNCG individuals, and the remaining animals had a CAPNGG allele equal to 46%. The estimate for expected heterozygosity was 0.46 and the actual heterozygosity was 0.36. Thus, in this population of Kalmyk cattle there is a violation of genic balance due to a shift in the actual and theoretically expected number of heterozygotes. When analyzing the data on the live weight of bull calves and its association with genotypes, it was found that the largest live weight was observed in the group of animals with the CAPNCC genotype (386 kg ± 0.47). There is a high proportion of heterozygous animals with a live weight of 377.1 ± 0.73 kg, from which it is theoretically possible to obtain desired genotypes in the future, with proper breeding work.
MATHEMATICAL PLANNING AND PROCESSING OF AN EXPERIMENT WITH LENA STURGEON CAVIAR IN A WEISS APPARATUS WHEN APPLIED TO A FLASK WITH ELECTROSTATIC FIELD ELECTRODES
Authors: Шмигель В.В. , Жолудева В.В. , Кутина А.Д. 
Published: April 2024

В данной статье представлены результаты проведённого эксперимента с икрой ленского осетра в аппарате Вейса при наложении на колбу с электродами электростатического поля. Для нахождения оптимального режима работы аппарата для инкубации икры ленского осетра с использованием электростатического поля авторы применили математические методы планирования эксперимента, поскольку математико-статистическое моделирование позволяет значительно повысить производительность труда за счёт значительного сокращения числа опытов. В качестве параметра оптимизации Y был выбран показатель технологической эффективности процесса и выделены три фактора, оказывающие основное влияние на процесс. Для описания исследуемой области поверхности отклика Y построены математические модели, под которыми подразумеваются уравнения, связывающие параметр оптимизации Yс входными факторами Хi. Проведённый корреляционно-регрессионный анализ позволил оптимизировать режим работы аппарата Вейса, используемого для инкубации икры ленского осетра. Построенные уравнения парной и множественной регрессии можно использовать для планирования и прогнозирования результатов эксперимента.
This article presents the results of an experiment with Lena sturgeon caviar in a Weiss apparatus when applied to a flask with electrostatic field electrodes. To find the optimal operating mode of the apparatus for incubating Lena sturgeon caviar using an electrostatic field the authors applied mathematical methods of experiment planning, since mathematical and statistical modeling allows to significantly increase labor productivity due to a significant reduction in the number of experiments. The technological process efficiency indicator was selected as the optimization parameter Y and three factors were identified that had a main effect on the process. To describe area under investigation of the response surface Y, mathematical models are constructed which means equations that relate the optimization parameter Y to the input factors Xi. The correlation and regression analysis carried out made it possible to optimize the operating mode of the Weiss apparatus used for incubation of Lena sturgeon caviar. The constructed two-dimensional and multiple regression equations can be used to plan and predict the results of an experiment.
First-principles investigation on potential profile induced in graphene by surface and edge metal contacts
Authors: Ohno Takahisa , Tajima Nobuo , Nara Jun 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
To utilize graphene as an electronic device graphene has to be brought into contact with a metal electrode and the metal contact has a significant impact on the characteristics of the device. We have investigated the potential profile induced in graphene layer by metal contacts, which describes how charges are redistributed between metal and graphene in order to eliminate the difference in work function between them, by using first-principles calculations. It is found that the potential profiles are much different between surface and edge contact metal/graphene junctions. For surface contacts the potential profile is significantly influenced by Pauli exclusion interactions and bond formation between metal and graphene. On the other hand, the edge contacts lack Pauli exclusion interactions and the non-graphene-like metallic states of C atoms near the metal edges, which are induced by bond formation, are suggested to have a major effect on eliminating the work function difference.
A Comparative Study of Retiree Expats and Younger Expats: Factors Influencing Expatriates' Selection of Healthcare Facilities in Bali
Authors: Maharini Putu Sri , Darma Gede Sri 
Published: April 2024

This research engaged in a comparative investigation of expatriate retirees' and younger expatriates' preferences in selecting healthcare facilities in Bali, applying a comprehensive analytical lens that integrated Maslow's needs theory, consumer behavior theories, and the theory of cultural acculturation.Data were gleaned through in-depth interviews from eight expatriates residing in the popular expat regions of Bali—Sanur, Ubud, and Nusa Dua—divided into retiree and younger age groups. The study found that expatriates' preferences, influenced by various personal, psychological, cultural, and social factors, are vital in their healthcare choices in a foreign land. Their ability to adapt to the local culture and healthcare system, coupled with a positive outlook and successful adjustment, plays a crucial role. It underscores the significance of comprehensive healthcare facilities and proactive government policies to meet the healthcare needs of expatriates locally. This study is distinct for using three theories: Maslow’s Need Theory, Cultural Acculturation, and Consumer Behavior, rarely combined in investigating expatriates' choice of health facilities in Bali.With well-executed strategies addressing expat needs, culture, marketing, staff training, and collaboration, healthcare providers in Southeast Asia can better serve expats, improving their satisfaction and well-being. This study's restricted participant count and qualitative approach can limit the extendibility of findings to a broader populace. The qualitative design's inherent subjectivity may introduce a measure of unintended bias during data interpretation. Moreover, the specific focus on Bali's expatriates might temper the relevance of the study's results to other geographical contexts.
EXERGAMES COMO RECURSO PARA A MELHORA DA MOBILIDADE, EQUILÍBRIO E APTIDÃO FÍSICA NA DOENÇA DE PARKINSON: UMA REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA
Authors: Câmara Jorge Stéfani Caroline , Freitas da Costa Brunna Gabrielli , Lago Ferreira Cássio Bruno , Monteiro Jacob Mellina 
Published: April 2024

Introdução: A Doença de Parkinson (DP) compromete a marcha, postura, equilíbrio e aptidão física. Muitos estudos utilizam a realidade virtual não imersiva (RVNI) como opção de tratamento para essas alterações. Objetivo: Analisar evidências científicas sobre os efeitos do uso de exergames sobre a mobilidade, equilíbrio e aptidão física de pacientes com DP. Métodos: Revisão sistemática nas bases de dados Cinahl, Embase, Medline, Lilacs, Pubmed, PEDro e Scopus, entre maio e agosto de 2021, com os descritores: “Parkinson”, “Virtual reality”, “Physiotherapy”, “Mobility”, “Balance” e "Exergames". Os critérios de elegibilidade foram: ensaios clínicos a partir de 2010 até junho de 2021 nos idiomas português, inglês e espanhol que utilizaram exergames comparados à fisioterapia convencional para o tratamento de pacientes com DP, tendo como desfechos: equilíbrio, mobilidade e aptidão física. Resultados: Oito artigos foram selecionados para a revisão. Foram extraídas informações relacionadas aos efeitos do uso de exergames sobre os desfechos citados, dados epidemiológicos, testes e escalas aplicadas. Conclusão: O uso de exergames contribuiu para a melhora significativa do equilíbrio, mobilidade e para os componentes “força muscular de membros inferiores” e “resistência cardiorrespiratória” da aptidão física. Porém, mais estudos sobre o uso de exergames em outros componentes de aptidão física na DP devem ser feitos. Assim, o uso de exergames pode ser considerado como alternativa terapêutica para a melhora de tais desfechos em pessoas com DP.
Battery Cell Thermal Control in Electric Vehicles Using Water Cooling Block
Authors: D. Sriram Sanjeev  , Dr. S. Gnanasekaran  
Published: April 2024

Research and development efforts in the field of transportation have recently focused on creating clean, safe, and high-efficiency modes of transportation. It has repeatedly been predicted that electric, hybrid, and fuel-cell vehicles will soon displace conventional automobiles. This research offers an illustration of how a battery-electric vehicle may regulate the flow of coolant over specific battery cells. Each lithium-ion battery cell's heat level is measured by a sensor, which also controls the cooling process. The PID controller (Arduino) and Water Pump both function using a 12V rechargeable battery. Temperature sensors are employed to monitor each Li-ion battery cell independently and provide feedback as an analog signal. The flow of the pump is controlled by the battery's feedback, and the coolant goes via a convey to achieve temperature control. When compared to lead-acid / nickel-metal hydride batteries, lithium-ion batteries offer better energy densities. Moreover, it is far less expensive and doesn't need nickel or cobalt. Also, it is safer since it is more stable. Each battery cell has a water cooling block installed specifically for more effective cooling. When compared to the method of calculating the total battery heat without any controller on any individual cells of the battery, the method of implementing a water cooling block in individual cells will be more effective. The temperature variation in the battery cell was significantly decreased by a water cooling block, which also lowered the thermal effect by around 40%. In the battery cell, a number of cycles and the depth of discharge are recorded, and the findings show that while the coolant temperature rises from roughly 30°C to 50°C, the battery cell's interior temperature drops drastically from 60°C to 20°C of heat.
Keywords: Lithium-ion Battery, Temperature Monitoring, Temperature Management, Predictive Algorithms, and Sustainability
Production benefits on encoding are modulated by language experience: Less experience may help
Authors: Brown Rachel M. , Roembke Tanja C. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSeveral lines of research have shown that performing movements while learning new information aids later retention of that information, compared to learning by perception alone. For instance, articulated words are more accurately remembered than words that are silently read (the production effect). A candidate mechanism for this movement-enhanced encoding, sensorimotor prediction, assumes that acquired sensorimotor associations enable movements to prime associated percepts and hence improve encoding. Yet it is still unknown how the extent of prior sensorimotor experience influences the benefits of movement on encoding. The current study addressed this question by examining whether the production effect is modified by prior language experience. Does the production effect reduce or persist in a second language (L2) compared to a first language (L1)? Two groups of unbalanced bilinguals, German (L1) – English (L2) bilinguals (Experiment 1) and English (L1) – German (L2) bilinguals (Experiment 2), learned lists of German and English words by reading the words silently or reading the words aloud, and they subsequently performed recognition tests. Both groups showed a pronounced production effect (higher recognition accuracy for spoken compared to silently read words) in the first and second languages. Surprisingly, the production effect was greater in the second languages compared to the first languages, across both bilingual groups. We discuss interpretations based on increased phonological encoding, increased effort or attention, or both, when reading aloud in a second language.
Atmospheric Retrievals of the Young Giant Planet ROXs 42B b from Low- and High-resolution Spectroscopy
Authors: Inglis Julie , Wallack Nicole L. , Xuan Jerry W. , Knutson Heather A. , Chachan Yayaati , Bryan Marta L. , Bowler Brendan P. , Iyer Aishwarya , Kataria Tiffany , Benneke Björn 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Previous attempts have been made to characterize the atmospheres of directly imaged planets at low resolution (R ∼ 10–100 s), but the presence of clouds has often led to degeneracies in the retrieved atmospheric abundances with cloud opacity and temperature structure that bias retrieved compositions. In this study, we perform retrievals on the ultrayoung (≲5 Myr) directly imaged planet ROXs 42B b with both a downsampled low-resolution JHK-band spectrum from Gemini/NIFS and Keck/OSIRIS, and a high-resolution K-band spectrum from pre-upgrade Keck/NIRSPAO. Using the atmospheric retrieval framework of petitRADTRANS, we analyze both data sets individually and combined. We additionally fit for the stellar abundances and other physical properties of the host stars, a young M spectral type binary, using the SPHINX model grid. We find that the measured C/O, 0.50 ± 0.05, and metallicity, [Fe/H] = −0.67 ± 0.35, for ROXs 42B b from our high-resolution spectrum agree with those of its host stars within 1σ. The retrieved parameters from the high-resolution spectrum are also independent of our choice of cloud model. In contrast, the retrieved parameters from the low-resolution spectrum show strong degeneracies between the clouds and the retrieved metallicity and temperature structure. When we retrieve both data sets together, we find that these degeneracies are reduced but not eliminated, and the final results remain highly sensitive to cloud modeling choices. We conclude that high-resolution spectroscopy offers the most promising path for reliably determining atmospheric compositions of directly imaged companions independent of their cloud properties.
Detection of an Atmospheric Outflow from the Young Hot Saturn TOI-1268b
Authors: Pérez-González Jorge , Greklek-McKeon Michael , Vissapragada Shreyas , Saidel Morgan , Knutson Heather A. , Linssen Dion , Oklopčić Antonija 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Photoevaporative mass-loss rates are expected to be highest when planets are young and the host star is more active, but to date there have been relatively few measurements of mass-loss rates for young gas giant exoplanets. In this study we measure the present-day atmospheric mass-loss rate of TOI-1268b, a young (110–380 Myr) and low density (0.71

−
0.13

+
0.17

g cm−3) hot Saturn located near the upper edge of the Neptune desert. We use Palomar/WIRC to search for excess absorption in the 1083 nm helium triplet during two transits of TOI-1268b. We find that it has a larger transit depth (

0.285

−
0.050

+
0.048

%

excess) in the helium bandpass than in the TESS observations, and convert this excess absorption into a mass-loss rate by modeling the outflow as a Parker wind. Our results indicate that this planet is losing mass at a rate of

log

M

̇

=
10.2
±
0.3

g s−1 and has a thermosphere temperature of

6900

−
1200

+
1800

K. This corresponds to a predicted atmospheric lifetime much larger than 10 Gyr. Our result suggests that photoevaporation is weak in gas giant exoplanets even at early ages.