bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The first Raman spectroscopic study of San rock art in the Ukhahlamba Drakensberg Park, South Africa
Authors: Prinsloo Linda C. , Barnard Werner , Meiklejohn Ian , Hall Kevin 
Published: February 2008

AbstractSan rock art sites are found throughout southern Africa; unfortunately this unique heritage is rapidly being lost through natural weathering processes, which have been the focus of various studies conducted in the uKhahlamba Drakensberg Park since 1992. It has recently been shown that the ability of Raman spectroscopy to identify salts on rock faces on a micro, as well as nano scale, can make a contribution to these projects.In order to test the feasibility of undertaking on‐site analyses, a small rock fragment with red and white pigments still attached, which had weathered off the rock face, was analysed with Raman spectroscopy under laboratory conditions, using a Dilor XY Raman instrument and a DeltaNu Inspector Raman portable instrument. A small sample of black pigment (<1 mm2), collected from a badly deteriorated painting and a few relevant samples collected on site, were analysed as well. It was possible to identify most of the inorganic pigments and minerals detected with previous XRD and EDX measurements including whewellite and weddellite coatings, which could be a tool for carbon dating purposes. Two carotenoid pigments were detected for the first time in San rock art pigments. Animal fat was also observed for the first time on both red and white pigments, on the rock face adjacent to the paintings and in highest concentrations on the back of the rock fragment. The spectra quality makes successful on‐site measurements a good prospect. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modification of characteristics of kefiran by changing the carbon source of Lactobacillus kefiranofaciens
Authors: Wang Miao , Bi Jie 
Published: February 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: Kefiran is an exopolysaccharide that is widely used in the food and pharmaceutical industries. The aim of this study was to demonstrate that kefiran with different chemical structures can be obtained by changing the composition of the Lactobacillus kefiranofaciens fermentation medium.RESULTS: When using maltose as the sole carbon source: (1) the average molecular mass of kefiran was 1.5 × 105 Da, only 62.5% of that of the control (with lactose as the sole carbon source); (2) the glucose/galactose molar ratio of kefiran from the optimised medium was 1:10; (3) two variable‐angle CH bonds existed in the structure of kefiran; (4) the maximum viscosity of kefiran was [η] = 73.86 ± 5.3 dL g−1 and its specific rotatory power was [α]D = + 68°. Increasing the proportion of maltose in a mixed carbon source (maltose and lactose) from 20 to 100 g L−1 decreased the average molecular mass and glucose/galactose molar ratio of kefiran by 35 and 60% respectively.CONCLUSION: Kefiran with different chemical structures was obtained by changing the composition of the fermentation medium. The results presented here will facilitate further study of the relationship between the chemical structure and biological role of kefiran. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Sarcoma of the pulmonary trunk and the main pulmonary arteries
Authors: Huwer Hanno , Özbek Cem , Waldmann Rita , Winning Johannes , Isringhaus Helmut , Kalweit Gerhard 
Published: February 2008

AbstractWe report on a sarcoma of the central pulmonary arteries. Surgical therapy consisted in replacing both main pulmonary arteries and the pulmonary trunk including the pulmonary valve. Six months later a left‐sided pneumonectomy had to be performed due to an intravascular tumor. Fifteen months after first resection treatment, recurrent tumors of the right pulmonary artery and the right ventricle were resected. Two years after the first operation the patient has no detectable tumor. J. Surg. Oncol. 2008;97:476–478. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pediatric sarcomas occurring in adults
Authors: Maki Robert G. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractSarcomas arise in any part of the body, in any age group. Some sarcomas have a particular predilection for the pediatric population, and often bear specific chromosomal translocations. These “pediatric” sarcomas still occur in adults, often times with higher risk of dying of disease compared to children with a comparable diagnosis. The management of some of these rare tumors is discussed herein, including osteogenic sarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, and rhabdomyosarcoma. J. Surg. Oncol. 2008;97:360–368. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor: Molecular pathogenesis and current management considerations
Authors: Grobmyer Stephen R. , Reith John D. , Shahlaee Amir , Bush Charles H. , Hochwald Steven N. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractMalignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors (MPNSTs) are rare tumors that often occur in patients with neurofibromatosis 1. Surgical resection represents the mainstay of treatment. Radiation and chemotherapy have a role in selected patients with MPNST. Accurate pathologic diagnosis remains a challenge in many cases of MPNST. There are many recent advances in the understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of MPNST which represent the best opportunities to develop new strategies for management of patients with MPNST. J. Surg. Oncol. 2008;97:340–349. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Malignant tumors of blood vessels: Angiosarcomas, hemangioendotheliomas, and hemangioperictyomas
Authors: Koch Moritz , Nielsen G. Petur , Yoon Sam S. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractSarcomas that arise from or resemble the components of blood vessels are uncommon and include angiosarcomas, hemangioendotheliomas, and hemangiopericytomas. This article reviews the management of these three types of sarcomas. Diagnosis can sometimes be difficult, with the diagnosis of hemangiopericytoma versus solitary fibrous tumor currently in debate. Each of these sarcomas subtypes has certain unique clinical traits. The mainstay of treatment is surgical resection, sometimes combined with radiation therapy. Adjuvant chemotherapy is unproven but can be considered. For patients with advanced disease, various chemotherapeutic regimens may result in meaningful responses in a minority of patients. J. Surg. Oncol. 2008;97:321–329. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Carcinomas arising in the submandibular gland: High propensity for systemic failure
Authors: Roh Jong‐Lyel , Choi Seung‐Ho , Lee Sang‐Wook , Cho Kyung‐Ja , Nam Soon Yuhl , Kim Sang Yoon 
Published: February 2008

AbstractBackgroundCancers of the submandibular gland are uncommon and only a few small series have reported patient survival and prognosis.MethodsWe examined the treatment outcomes of 62 patients with surgically treated submandibular gland carcinomas. All patients underwent surgical excision with/without neck dissection, and 41 received postoperative radiotherapy for high‐grade, invasive, positive margin, or regionally metastatic tumors. The locoregional control and survival rates were calculated by the Kaplan–Meier method and prognostic factors were calculated from uni‐ and multivariate analyses.ResultsOf the 62 submandibular gland carcinomas, 19 were adenoid cystic, 11 were mucoepidermoid, and 10 were salivary duct carcinomas, and 8 were carcinomas in pleomorphic adenoma. Actuarial 5‐year locoregional control, distant metastasis‐free survival, disease‐free and overall survival rates were 69.7%, 65.8%, 52.8%, and 56.8%, respectively. In multivariate analysis, T category and histological grading were prognostic for disease‐free survival (P < 0.01), and T category and resection margins were prognostic for locoregional control (P < 0.02). Distant metastases were found in 21 patients (33.9%) at initial staging (n = 2) or follow‐up (n = 19).ConclusionsDespite effective locoregional treatment, approximately one‐third of patients with submandibular gland carcinomas may fail systemically, resulting in poor survival. New, more effective therapies may be required for these patients. J. Surg. Oncol. 2008;97:533–537. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of corrosion inhibitors on the initiation of chloride‐induced corrosion on reinforced concrete structures
Authors: Ormellese M. , Bolzoni F. , Lazzari L. , Pedeferri P. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractCorrosion of carbon steel rebars is the main cause of failure of reinforced concrete structures. To prevent and delay the occurrence of corrosion, a high quality concrete with a proper cover and a good mixture proportion should be designed. Additional prevention methods are used if severe environmental conditions occur, or when structures require very long service life. Corrosion inhibitors seem to be attractive because of their low cost and easy handling, compared to other preventive methods. This paper analyses results of a 10‐year investigation on the effectiveness of four commercial inhibitors and two pure organic compounds in preventing chloride‐induced corrosion. Tested inhibitors seem to be able to increase time‐to‐corrosion: their effects on chloride penetration rate and on critical chloride threshold are discussed.
Electrochemical inhibitor injection for control of reinforcement corrosion in carbonated concrete
Authors: Kubo J. , Sawada S. , Page C. L. , Page M. M. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThis paper describes preliminary investigations into the effectiveness of an electrochemical method of injecting organic base corrosion inhibitors into carbonated concrete containing embedded steel bars on which corrosion had been pre‐initiated. The corrosion inhibitors studied were pure compounds of ethanolamine (pKa ∼ 9.5) and guanidine (pKa ∼ 13.6). They were injected from aqueous solutions placed in contact with the surfaces of the water‐saturated concrete specimens by applying constant current electrolysis between anodes located within the inhibitor solutions and embedded steel bars acting as cathodes. The concentration profiles of the inhibitors penetrating the concrete cover were examined and the influence of the various treatments on the corrosion rates of the embedded steel bars was estimated by linear polarisation resistance measurements, carried out repeatedly during exposure of the treated specimens to cyclic wetting and drying over several months. The stability of the concentration profiles of the inhibitors was evaluated and measurements of corrosion weight losses of the steel bars were also undertaken on completion of the exposure regimes. It was found that the specimens treated with the inhibitors showed significantly reduced corrosion when compared with untreated control specimens that were subjected to similar exposure.
Numerical modelling of macrocells occurring during corrosion of steel in concrete
Authors: Warkus J. , Raupach M. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractReinforcement in concrete members is usually protected against corrosion by the alkalinity of the pore solution, but as a result of chloride ingress or carbonation (initiation stage) the reinforcing steel can be depassivated and corrosion can proceed (propagation stage). During the past few years numerous research activities have been carried out—mainly by laboratory experiments—to investigate reinforcement corrosion. Another approach, which will be presented within this paper, is given by using the finite or boundary element method. The results of the simulations will be compared to measurements and used to investigate the impact of single parameters.
A universal alternating immersion simulator for accelerated cyclic corrosion tests
Authors: Hassel A. W. , Bonk S. , Tsuri S. , Stratmann M. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractA new device for performing accelerated cyclic immersion tests is described. The main achievement is to realise a high cycling rate without a proportional increase in the test duration. The device is also capable of performing tests according to EU ISO 11130 specification. A minimal invasive drying system is used that neither heats air nor sample and the flow rate is still low as to prevent a mechanical delamination of paints or loose corrosion products. A multiple sample set‐up is realised that provides individual reference electrodes. The random access through a multiplexer allows individual investigation of the samples even by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy under immersion conditions.The device and its test principle are applicable in both industrial and laboratorial scale applications. Two application examples are given to demonstrate the versatility of the alternating immersion tester. One addresses the corrosion protection performance of different zinc‐coated steel sheets; the other quantifies the patina formation kinetics of low‐alloyed steels with weathering properties.
Fracture toughness variation induced by stress corrosion cracking of prestressing steels
Authors: Sanchez J. , Fullea J. , Andrade C. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe stress corrosion cracking process developing in metals is at present an unknown mechanism of deterioration. It is a surface process that implies a corrosion and stress synergy, but the most practical consequence is that stress corrosion cracking can modify the mechanical characteristics of the metal. Due to that it leads to brittle failures; it generally involves high level of uncertainty in the prediction.This research deals with steels for prestressed concrete and aims to show that the fracture toughness changes when the steel is susceptible to stress corrosion cracking, questioning the idea that the toughness is an intrinsic characteristic of the material. The reduction in the fracture toughness of prestressing steels when they are in contact with aggressive media, involves that the material, for the same stress level, may reach a fracture having a lower crack size. That means the material becomes less damage tolerant, which implies that it is necessary to develop techniques able to detect defects of smaller size, as for example, small notches, pits or superficial cracks.
Combined BubR1 protein down‐regulation and RASSF1A hypermethylation in Wilms tumors with diverse cytogenetic changes
Authors: Haruta Masayuki , Matsumoto Yoshiyuki , Izumi Hideki , Watanabe Naoki , Fukuzawa Masahiro , Matsuura Shinya , Kaneko Yasuhiko 
Published: February 2008

AbstractBUB1B and RASSF1A genes play specific roles in the mitotic checkpoint, and their defects may cause chromosome instability or aneuploidy in mouse fibroblasts and human cancer cell lines; however, few studies have reported a correlation between defects in these genes and chromosome changes in human tumor samples. We examined chromosome abnormalities in 25 Wilms tumors by metaphase comparative genomic hybridization, and classified them into 14 hyperdiploid (50 ≥ chromosomes), 2 near‐or‐pseudodiploid, and 9 diploid tumors. We also examined various molecular aspects of BUB1B and RASSF1A, and evaluated the relationship between chromosome changes and the status of both genes. No tumors showed BUB1B mutation. BubR1 protein (BUB1B gene product) expression was undetectable or decreased in five of six hyperdiploid or near‐or‐pseudodiploid tumors and increased in four of five diploid tumors, whereas all seven tumors examined showed BUB1B mRNA expression irrespective of their chromosome pattern. Furthermore, while complete promoter methylation of RASSF1A was found in 13 of 16 hyperdiploid or near‐or‐pseudodiploid tumors, unmethylated RASSF1A was found in 5 of 9 diploid tumors. Partial RASSF1A methylation was found in three hyperdiploid or near‐or‐pseudodiploid tumors and in four diploid tumors. Thus, BubR1 protein expression decreased, and the promoter region of RASSF1A was completely methylated in the great majority of hyperdiploid or near‐or‐pseudodiploid tumors, BubR1 protein expression increased and RASSF1A was unmethylated in the majority of diploid tumors. These findings suggest that the combined BubR1 protein down‐regulation and RASSF1A hypermethylation might be implicated in the formation of chromosomal changes found in Wilms tumors. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Resveratrol and X rays affect gap junction intercellular communications in human glioblastoma cells
Authors: Leone Stefano , Fiore Mario , Lauro M. Giuliana , Pino Samanta , Cornetta Tommaso , Cozzi Renata 
Published: February 2008

AbstractResveratrol (3,4′,5‐trihydroxystilbene) is a polyphenol synthesized by a wide variety of plant species in response to injury, UV irradiation and fungal attack. Many studies have revealed a variety of resveratrol intracellular targets whose modulation gives rise to overlapping responses leading to growth arrest and death. Many authors have reported different human cancer cell lines, treated with resveratrol at micromolar concentrations, arrested their proliferative cycle in the G1/S boundary or in the S phase and this cell cycle arrest was followed by apoptotic death. Less is known about the ability of resveratrol to modify the effect of radiation exposure in normal and cancer cells. Considering that controlled exposure to ionizing radiation is one of the most used treatments in cancer patients and that these schedules are not always effective in medical practice, as in the case of glioma patients, the testing of combined treatment protocols (resveratrol and ionizing radiation) could be of interest, opening the door to future studies which would examine the pharmacological activity of resveratrol. In this study we have looked into whether resveratrol is able to modulate cell cycle progression in human glioblastoma cells and to regulate GJs expression in cancer cells. With this aim in mind we have performed a cytofluorimetric multiparameter assay to quantify the presence of GJs in U87 glioma cells treated with resveratrol and/or X rays. We report that resveratrol induces a delay in cell cycle progression and both alone and in combination with X rays is able to enhance gap junction Intercellular Communications. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Psychometric characteristics of Cloninger's criteria for personality disorder in a population of French prisoners
Authors: Pelissolo Antoine , Ecochard Pierre , Falissard Bruno 
Published: February 2008

AbstractCloninger has proposed a new procedure to assess personality disorders on the basis of his model of temperament and character. We explored the psychometric characteristics of this instrument in 560 male prisoners, using factor analyses. Results showed that the 20 items relating to the general personality criteria have acceptable internal consistency and that the three‐factor structure of the temperament items used to subtype personality disorder are correctly identified by a maximum likelihood factor analysis model with varimax rotation. Overall, 32% of prisoners had a personality disorder according to this model, and it was possible to subtype 68% of these. This new diagnostic procedure for personality disorder seemed to have satisfactory basic psychometric characteristics but further study is required to explore the concurrent validity and the reliability of this instrument. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Risk‐sensitive sizing of responsive facilities
Authors: Chayet Sergio , Hopp Wallace J. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractWe develop a risk‐sensitive strategic facility sizing model that makes use of readily obtainable data and addresses both capacity and responsiveness considerations. We focus on facilities whose original size cannot be adjusted over time and limits the total production equipment they can hold, which is added sequentially during a finite planning horizon. The model is parsimonious by design for compatibility with the nature of available data during early planning stages. We model demand via a univariate random variable with arbitrary forecast profiles for equipment expansion, and assume the supporting equipment additions are continuous and decided ex‐post. Under constant absolute risk aversion, operating profits are the closed‐form solution to a nontrivial linear program, thus characterizing the sizing decision via a single first‐order condition. This solution has several desired features, including the optimal facility size being eventually decreasing in forecast uncertainty and decreasing in risk aversion, as well as being generally robust to demand forecast uncertainty and cost errors. We provide structural results and show that ignoring risk considerations can lead to poor facility sizing decisions that deteriorate with increased forecast uncertainty. Existing models ignore risk considerations and assume the facility size can be adjusted over time, effectively shortening the planning horizon. Our main contribution is in addressing the problem that arises when that assumption is relaxed and, as a result, risk sensitivity and the challenges introduced by longer planning horizons and higher uncertainty must be considered. Finally, we derive accurate spreadsheet‐implementable approximations to the optimal solution, which make this model a practical capacity planning tool.© 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2008
A control volume‐based finite element method for plane micropolar elasticity
Authors: Wheel M. A. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThis paper describes the development of a numerical procedure for predicting deformations and stresses in a loaded two‐dimensional membrane exhibiting micropolar or Cosserat constitutive behaviour. The procedure employs a conventional finite element (FE) mesh together with a dual mesh of interconnected control volumes, each of which must satisfy equilibrium. A series of patch tests covering a variety of simple strain states are used to validate the procedure that is then employed to predict the stress concentration in a membrane containing a small hole. The predictions provided by the procedure are compared with those given previously by FEs. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
NURBS‐enhanced finite element method (NEFEM)
Authors: Sevilla Ruben , Fernández‐Méndez Sonia , Huerta Antonio 
Published: February 2008

AbstractAn improvement to the classical finite element (FE) method is proposed. It is able to exactly represent the geometry by means of the usual CAD description of the boundary with non‐uniform rational B‐splines (NURBS). Here, the 2D case is presented. For elements not intersecting the boundary, a standard FE interpolation and numerical integration are used. But elements intersecting the NURBS boundary need a specifically designed piecewise polynomial interpolation and numerical integration. A priori error estimates are also presented. Finally, some examples demonstrate the applicability and benefits of the proposed methodology. NURBS‐enhanced finite element method (NEFEM) is at least one order of magnitude more precise than the corresponding isoparametric FE in every numerical example shown. This is the case for both continuous and discontinuous Galerkin formulations. Moreover, for a desired precision, NEFEM is also more computationally efficient, as shown in the numerical examples. The use of NEFEM is strongly recommended in the presence of curved boundaries and/or when the boundary of the domain has complex geometric details. The possibility of computing an accurate solution with coarse meshes and high‐order interpolations makes NEFEM a more efficient strategy than classical isoparametric FE. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.