bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incidence of constrained condylar and hinged knee implants and mid- to long-term survivorship: a register-based study from the Nordic Arthroplasty Register Association (NARA)
Authors: Von Hintze Jake , Ponkilainen Ville , W-Dahl Annette , Hailer Nils P , Furnes Ove , Fenstad Anne M , Badawy Mona , Pedersen Alma B , Lindberg-Larsen Martin , Niemeläinen Mika J , Mäkelä Keijo , Eskelinen Antti 
Published: February 2025

Background and purpose: In complex primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA), constrained condylar knee (CCK) or rotating hinge knee (RHK) designs may be required to provide stability or address bony deficiencies. We analyzed trends in incidence of these designs in primary TKA and evaluated the mid- to long-term survivorship of CCK and RHK in 4 Nordic countries.Methods: From 2000 to 2017, 5,134 CCK and 2,515 RHK primary TKAs were identified from the NARA database. Kaplan–Meier (K–M) survival and flexible parametric survival model (FPSM) analyses were performed to estimate revision risk, expressed as hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI), with minimally stabilized (MS) TKA acting as the control group (n = 456,137).Results: The incidence of CCK and RHK implants increased significantly in Finland, while it was moderate in Denmark, Norway, and Sweden. With revision for any reason as the endpoint the 15-year K–M cumulative revision risk for RHK was 13.6% (CI 10.4–16.7) and for CCK it was 11.3% (CI 9.1–13.5). Compared with MS TKA, the hazard ratio for revision was 2.1 (CI 1.8–2.3) for CCK and 2.5 (CI 2.1–2.8) for RHK. Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) was the most common reason for revision, accounting for 44% of CCK and 47% of RHK cases. After excluding revisions for PJI, the hazard ratio remained high for both designs, at 1.5 (CI 1.3–1.7) for CCK and 1.6 (CI 1.3–2.0) for RHK compared with MS.Conclusion: The incidence of CCK and RHK increased during the study period. Both designs showed consistent 15-year revision risks of 11–14%, with no major differences between them. The higher revision risk compared with MS TKAs may reflect the complexity of the surgeries.
Potential of Acacia Extract as a Collagen Crosslinker and Stabilizer of the Resin-dentin Interface
Authors: Rio MC , Souto AA , Marcondes ML , Bittencourt HR , Burnett LH , Spohr AM 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The aim of this study was to investigate whether different concentrations of acacia extract could improve the biological stability of dentin collagen. Slice (n=3) and beam (n=5) samples of dentin obtained from human third molars were demineralized and treated with the following solutions: G1 (control)–deionized water; G2–1% acacia extract; G3–2% acacia extract; and G4–3% acacia extract. The dentin slices were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrophotometry to observe their interactions with collagen. The beams were submitted to digestion with type I bacterial collagenase solution, and the percentage of weight was calculated to evaluate the resistance to enzymatic biodegradation. The Adper Scotchbond Multipurpose adhesive system was applied on the flat dentin surfaces according to the manufacturer's recommendations (G1). In groups G2, G3 and G4, acacia extract at concentrations of 1%, 2%, and 3%, respectively, were applied after acid etching. A resin composite block was built on the adhesive, and the teeth were cut to obtain beams (n=7 teeth; ~12 beams per tooth) with cross-sectional areas of approximately 0.8 mm2. Half of the specimens were submitted to the microtensile bond strength (µTBS) test in a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min, and the other half were submitted to the µTBS test after six months of storage in distilled water. FTIR analysis showed the interactions of the three concentrations of acacia extract with collagen. According to ANOVA and Tukey tests, G1 had the highest biodegradation rate (100%), which was significantly higher than the rates of G2 (24%), G3 (23%) and G4 (17%) (p&lt;0.05). According to two-way ANOVA and Tukey tests, only G1 showed a significant decrease in µTBS after six months of storage (p&lt;0.05). It was concluded that 1%, 2%, and 3% acacia extract all interacted with human dentin collagen, reduced collagen biodegradation and favored the stabilization of the bonding interface at the six-month evaluation.
GEOMORPHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF SIDAMULYA, SUKABUMI REGENCY, CILETUH PALABUHANRATU UGG
Authors: PUTRI NISRINA NADELLIA , Pratiwi Santi Dwi , Rosana Mega Fatimah 
Published: February 2025

The Sidamulya region, located in the Ciracap Subdistrict of Sukabumi Regency, forms part of the Ciletuh Palabuhanratu UNESCO Global Geopark (UGG) and exhibits unique geomorphological features influenced by geological structures and surface processes. This study focuses on analyzing the area’s geomorphology through morphographic, morphometric, and morphogenetic aspects using Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data processed via ArcGIS and field verification. The research identifies five geomorphological units, including denudational and volcanic hills with varying slope gradients, drainage patterns, and lithological compositions. These units are shaped by exogenic processes such as erosion, weathering, and sedimentation, with lithologies including sandstone, breccia, and andesitic-basaltic lava. The thematic maps produced from this study provide valuable insights into the region’s landscape evolution and contribute to sustainable management within the geopark area. Keyword: Sidamulya, Morphography, Morphometric, Morphogenetic, Geomorphology
Effect of Cortisol on the Bactericidal Function of the Bovine Milk Neutrophil in Vitro
Authors: Fox L. K. , Heald C. W. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Milk neutrophils and Staphylococcus aureus were incubated for 2 hours at a 1:1 ratio in sterile common milk media with various cortisol concentrations. Milk neutrophils were harvested twice at a weekly interval from 6 cows. Mean percentage of phagocytosis (± sd) was 20.2 ± 10.1, 34.6 ± 21.0, 27.2 ± 17.8, 30.3 ± 21.4, and 23.9 ± 16.7 for treatments with 0, 20, 40, 60, and 10,000 ng/ml. Mean percentage of kill was 12.7 ± 12.4,14.9 ± 11.2,11.2 ± 10.9, 12.1 ± 12.3, and 6.6 ± 10.3 for 0,20,40,60, and 10,000 ng/ml treatments. Mean percentage of efficiency of kill, a measure of the ability of a neutrophil to kill phagocytized bacteria, was 49.5 ± 40.0, 53.5 ± 38.8, 46.9 ± 38.0, 34.9 ± 35.2, and 27.3 ± 32.8, respectively. The pharmacologic concentration (10,000 ng/ml) of cortisol depressed kill, whereas physiologic concentrations (20, 40, and 60 ng/ml) of cortisol increased phagocytosis, but did not affect kill.
Collection and Cultivation in Vitro of Equine Mammary Macrophages
Authors: Anderson L. W. , Banks K. L. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Equine macrophages were obtained from female Shetland ponies by injection of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide through the lactiferous ducts of the mammary gland. After 6 to 11 days, balanced salt solution was injected into the mammary gland to wash out accumulated cells. Harvested cells contained a mixture of macrophages, lymphocytes, and neutrophils, with the majority of the cells of mononuclear type. In culture, cells adherent after 24 hours were characterized as macrophages by morphologic features, nonspecific esterase staining, and by the presence of complement and immunoglobulin receptors. These cultures were grown in a variety of culture media. A basal medium, consisting of 15% equine serum and 10% bovine fetal serum in conjunction with rpmi 1640 medium containing 20 mM hepes buffer, was the most effective for maintaining spreading and adhesion of cells. Conditioned medium from mouse fibroblast cultures (L cells), added at 30% to the basal medium, improved cell monolayers by reducing giantcell formation and prolonging cell adhesion.
Evidence, Nature, and Implications of the Constitutive Resistance to Trichinella spiralis in Gallinaceous Birds
Authors: Barriga Omar O. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
White Leghorn chickens and mice were orally infected with Trichinella spiralis larvae and their digestive tracts were examined for parasites at postinfection hours (pih) 5 and 10, and at postinfection days (pid) 1, 2,4, 6, and 8. Evacuated feces were examined at pih 5 and 10 and at pid 1, and blood was examined at pid 4, 6, and 8. With the exception of trichinae in the digestive tract (9 at pih 5 and 2 at pih 10), parasites were not recovered from chickens. All mice had abundant parasites in the digestive tract and a few parasites in the blood; however, parasites were not found in blood or feces at pid 4.
In vitro incubation of infective larvae (4 hours at 37 C) in an extract of glandular stomach or in a combination of extracts from the small intestine, pancreas, and bile of chickens caused visible alterations in 42% to 64% of the larvae and caused total loss of larval infectivity for mice. Sequential incubation in both fluids caused damage in 91% to 97% of the larvae. The same experiments with mouse extracts caused damage in only 8% to 26% of the larvae and infectivity of the larvae for mice was not reduced noticeably. Digestion of infective T spiralis larvae is an important constitutive mechanism of resistance in chickens that probably precludes the transmission of the infection by gallinaceous birds in nature.
Toxic Bermuda Grass Tremor in the Goat: An Electroencephalographic Study
Authors: Strain George M. , Seger Cameron L. , Flory Wayne 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Tremorgenic Bermuda grass hay harvested during the 1971 Louisiana outbreak of toxicosis and kept in cold storage until 1979 was fed to a female Nubian cross goat. Cortical eeg from chronically implanted screw electrodes was recorded daily during hay consumption. Typical clinical signs of toxicosis were manifested as ataxia on day 8 and tremor on day 11. Motor activity returned to normal 2 days after reinstitution of nontoxic Bermuda grass hay. Changes in eeg amplitudes, frequency content, or waveforms were not seen during the development or after the appearance of toxicosis. The administration of diazepam at the height of toxicosis suppressed the tremor for several hours.
Scanning and Transmission Electron Microscopic Study of the Small Intestine of Colostrum-Fed Calves Infected with Selected Strains of Escherichia coli
Authors: Hadad J. J. , Gyles C. L. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Colostrum-fed calves were fed milk replacer containing 1011 enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (eec) or nonenteropathogenic E coli (neec). The neec failed to colonize the small intestine or to be associated with the intestinal wall. The eec colonized the middle and caudal portions of the small intestine, and in these areas, 80% of the organisms were associated with the intestinal wall.
Light, immunofluorescence, scanning, and transmission electron microscopic studies demonstrated a layer of eec adherent to the mucosal surface of the jejunum and ileum of infected calves. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that each eec was surrounded by an electron-lucent zone and that some organisms had dense fuzzy surface structures which resembled pili. In the staining with ruthenium red, the electron-lucent areas were occupied by thick capsular material which seemed to be in contact with the microvilli. In some areas of contact with eec, the microvilli were elongated and projected into the intestinal lumen. Light microscopy demonstrated stunted, thickened, and fused villi with the lamina propria expanded by inflammatory infiltrate.
Changes in the villous surface topography, such as denudation of the tips of the villi and exposure of the lamina propria into the lumen, were observed by light and scanning microscopies in samples taken after death of the calves, but not in adjacent samples removed from calves under general anesthesia.
Border Disease Virus Isolation from Postpartum Ewes
Authors: Niemi S. M. , Evermann J. F. , Huffman E. M. , Kirk J. H. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The prevalence of border disease virus in a flock of Targhee sheep in southern Idaho was determined by serologic and virologic techniques. Of 249 ewes, 73 (29%) were seropositive to the antigenically related togavirus, bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv). Concurrent testing of sera from 337 neonatal lambs indicated that 172 (51%) were seropositive for bvdv. It was observed that a high percentage (35%) of the bvdv-seropositive lambs were derived from seronegative ewes. Immunotolerance of the ewe was considered as the explanation for the lack of serologic relationship between seropositive lambs and their seronegative dams.
Eleven cytopathogenic viruses were isolated from nasal and vaginal specimens obtained from 80 clinically healthy ewes within 24 hours of parturition. The viral isolates were demonstrated to be antigenically related to bvdv by direct immunofluorescence. Six of the 11 isolates were obtained from bvdv-seronegative ewes.
Determination of sensitivity and specificity of the Nocardia asteroides skin test for detection of bovine mammary infections caused by Nocardia asteroides and Nocardia caviae
Authors: Salman M. D. , Bushnell R. B. , Pier A. C. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A total of 116 cows from 4 dairy herds in California were used to determine the sensitivity and specificity of extracellular antigen of Nocardia astero des for possible detection of bovine mastitis caused by N asteroides and N caviae.
Three different positive criteria were used. These criteria gave different sensitivity and specificity to the skin test.
The highest sensitivity of 80% and highest specificity of 96.04% were obtained by combining 2 criteria.
The study found no cross-reaction between N asteroides antigen and Mycobacterium fortuitum or N asteroides and tuberculin skin tests. There was cross-reaction between N asteroides antigen and N caviae infection.
Effect of diethylcarbamazine on Strongylus vulgaris infection in ponies
Authors: Hofing G. L. , Bennett D. G. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Shetland ponies (n = 4) were given diethylcarbamazine orally at a dose level of 22 mg/kg/day for 1 week before they were inoculated with 800 third-stage larvae of Strongylus vulgaris. Treatment was continued for 86 (1 pony) or 200 days (3 ponies) after the inoculation. As compared with the changes seen in a similarly inoculated group of ponies (group 2) which were not treated, diethylcarbamazine did not prevent the clinical or pathologic changes due to the migrating larvae. Fewer adult parasites were recovered at necropsy from treated ponies than from nontreated (group 2) ponies, even when treatment was discontinued 86 days after inoculation. Treatment appeared to have a detrimental effect on 4th-stage larvae either in the arteries or their intestinal wall, but not until after arterial lesions resulted.
Effects of ACTH administration on bovine polymorphonuclear leukocyte function and lymphocyte blastogenesis
Authors: Roth James A. , Kaeberle Merlin L. , Hsu Walter H. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Yearling steers were treated with ACTH to determine the effect of increased plasma cortisol concentration on bovine lymphocyte and polymorphonuclear leukocyte (pmn) function. The administration of ACTH caused a significant (P < 0.01) increase in serum cortisol concentration and depression of lymphocyte blastogenesis in response to phytohemagglutinin and concanavalin A. The response to pokeweed mitogen was also depressed, but not significantly. Random migration by pmn was significantly enhanced by ACTH treatment, but there was no effect on ingestion of Staphylococcus aureus, nitroblue tetrazolium reduction, or antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity by pmn. The iodination reaction, which evaluates the activity of the myeloperoxidase-hydrogen peroxide-halide antibacterial system of the pmn, was significantly impaired after ACTH treatment. These data indicate that specific parameters of lymphocyte and neutrophil function were impaired directly or indirectly by elevated in vivo concentrations of plasma cortisol.
Contact studies of the canine femoropatellar joint
Authors: White Karl K. , Hungerford David S. , Jones Lynne C. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
During development of a closed impact-trauma model, using the canine femoropatellar articulation, animal weight or other readily measured physical characters were correlated with surface area, location, and shape of femoropatellar contact at various femorotibial angulations. The information allows making reasonable predictions regarding femoropatellar contact just before delivery of calibrated closed impact-trauma to the patella. Femoropatellar contact area location, shape, and size were determined in the left pelvic limbs of 10 dogs, ranging in weight from 20.0 to 40.9 kg (mean 27.2 kg). Determinations were made at 90, 110, and 130° femorotibial angulations, using a new casting technique and at 70, 90, 110, 130, and 150°, using a previously described dye technique. Location and shape of the contact areas were relatively constant for a given femorotibial angulation. Bipartite areas of contact were seen on 3 specimens. Using data from the dye technique, a definitive correlation was established between antemortem animal weight and contact area size. Patellar dimensions also correlated well with contact surface area. An inverse relationship between contact area per unit body weight and total body weight was observed. Contact area size did not vary significantly with increasing compressive force resulting from changes in femorotibial angulation. These determinations allow making reasonable predictions of both location and size of articular contact area immediately preceding delivery of closed impact to the joint.
End-point dilution-fluorescent antibody technique for cloning hog cholera virus
Authors: Kresse J. I. , Stewart W. C. , Carbrey E. A. , Snyder M. L. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Hog cholera virus was cloned by incubating selected pretitrated dilutions of the virus on PK-15 cell cultures for 2 hours. After a thorough washing, the coverslip cell cultures were overlayed with medium containing 0.1% hog cholera immune serum to prevent secondary foci. Forty-eight hours later, the cultures were vigorously washed and maintenance medium containing 5% bovine fetal serum was added. When examined by the fluorescent antibody technique 18 hours later, single plaques were observed in some cultures with no evidence of secondary foci.
The virus clone subsequently yielded a homogeneous population of hog cholera virus that retained the characteristics of the parent strain; pathogenicity of the virus clone in pigs was demonstrated, and specific immunofluorescence occurred in infected cell cultures stained with fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled antibody. The method used gave reasonable assurance of the cloned virus' freedom from extraneous agents.
Chemotaxis of horse polymorphonuclear leukocytes to N-formyl-l-methionyl-l-leucyl-l-phenylalanine
Authors: Zinkl Joseph G. , Brown Patricia D. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Horse polymorphonuclear leukocytes (pmn) isolated from horse blood by sedimentation and isotonic lysis and having about 25% accompanying lymphocytes were as effective at chemotaxis as nearly pure pmn isolated by density gradient techniques. N-Formyl-l-methionyl-l-leucyl-l phenylalanine (fmlp), used as a representative of the formylmethionyl peptides (produced by prokaryocytic organisms), was effective as a chemoattractant only at the high concentration of 10-4M. When serum was preincubated with fmlp at concentrations as low as 10-8M, the serum attracted horse pmn. This activity was not generated when heatinactivated (56 to 60 C for 30 minutes) serum was used. A combination of fmlp and zymosan was no more effective than zymosan alone in generating serum chemoattractants. The results of this study indicate that the fmlp is a weak chemoattractant for horse pmn, but that fmlp has the capability similar to that of zymosan to activate complement to produce pmn chemoattractants.
Detection of La Crosse (California encephalitis) virus antigen in mouse skin samples
Authors: Beaty B. J. , Hildreth S. W. , Blenden D. C. , Casals J. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
La Crosse (lac) viral antigen was detected in the skin of inoculated mice. Antigen was detected principally in the dermis of 102 of 120 (85%) mice with clinical signs of illness. To demonstrate the specificity of the fluorescence, lac virus was isolated from selected samples and was identified by the complement-fixation test. Antigen was most often detected in skin rich in vascular and nerve tissue and was probably disseminated by hematogenous spread. Antigen was found in muscle, vascular, nervous, and other tissues of the dermis, depending on the age of the mice. Antigen was first detected in the skin of 80% of the mice (5 to 6 days of age) on postinoculation day (pid) 3. On pid 4,100% of these mice were positive, but on pid 5, only 40% were positive, indicating that clearance or neutralization of antigen had occurred in peripheral areas.
The skin biopsy technique may be applicable to diagnosis of arboviral infections in other vertebrates.
Comparison of a direct radioimmunoassay with virus isolation in cell culture for detection of pseudorabies virus in tissues of infected swine
Authors: Neill J. D. , Kelling C. L. , Rhodes M. B. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A direct radioimmunoassay (dria) was developed for detection of pseudorabies virus (prv) in tissues of pigs with clinical disease. Homogenates of tissues prepared from 289 swine were tested for prv with the dria and virus-isolation technique (vit). The virus was detected in 53 (18%) of the homogenates by both dria and vit. Fifteen (5%) others were positive for prv by vit, but negative by dria. There were no samples negative by vit and positive by dria. A total of 221 (77%) pigs with clinical prv infection were negative in both dria and vit. Although the vit is more sensitive than dria, the dria possesses certain advantages which include reduced requirement for aseptic procedures and cell cultures, rapidity, and increased objectivity. Moreover, high levels of confidence could be attributed to dria-positive results, since dria-positive/vit-negative results were not obtained.
Evaluation of an ultrasonic amplitude depth analysis technique for pregnancy diagnosis in the cow
Authors: Archibong A. E. , Diehl J. R. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Beef and dairy cows (n = 1,053) were tested for pregnancy on 7 farms by ultrasonic scanning. Accuracy was verified by comparison with rectal palpation. Rectal palpation was done 40 to 75 days after breeding and was considered 100% accurate for comparison purposes.
Although diagnostic accuracy of the ultrasonic scanning technique was less than 100%, a confidence interval no larger than 2.3% indicated a high degree of precision for pregnant cows. The confidence interval in the nonpregnant category ranged from 9.2% to 11.8%, which was small in relation to the variation in ultrasonic scanning accuracy. However, considering the large number of cows and the experimental bias that was purposely introduced, the lower accuracy of the ultrasonic method was not unexpected. Cystic ovaries, partially involuted uteri, metritis, and high milk production prevalent at one location accounted for much of the variation observed and lowered the overall accuracy for all cows tested.
The ultrasonic analyzer has potential in testing cows for pregnancy; however, technical improvements in machine configuration must be made and additional testing in controlled experiments and field trials must be conducted before an accurate analysis of this method can be made. At the present state of development, ultrasonic amplitude depth analysis cannot replace rectal palpation for diagnosis of pregnancy in cattle.