bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinicopathological Study of Gastric Metastases
Authors: Wu Ming‐Hsun , Lin Ming‐Tsan , Lee Po‐Huang 
Published: December 2006

AbstractObjectiveThe stomach is an uncommon site for metastasis, and most of the reported examples would appear to have been caused by direct invasion from primary malignancies. Metastases to the stomach are extremely rare, and few cases have been reported in the literature. This study was intended to evaluate the character of and the prognosis for metastasized tumors of the stomach.MethodWe evaluated the medical records of patients who had presented at the National Taiwan University Hospital over a period of 10 years prior to writing who had malignancies and had developed metastasis to the stomach. We evaluated the histology, initial presentations, imaging findings, lesion locations, treatment courses, and overall patient survival.ResultFrom October 1995 to October 2004 inclusively, only 18 patients featuring known malignancies with metastases to the stomach were found. The male to female ratio was 10:8. The initial symptom for 13 study patients was bleeding from the metastasis tumors, and the remaining 5 experienced a variety of other symptoms. The site of the metastasis was the gastric body for 9 patients, the gastric antrum for 6, the cardia or fundus for 2, and the entire stomach for 1. The time period elapsing between the emergence of the primary malignancy and the gastric metastasis was less than 2 years for 3 patients and about 5–6 years for another 2 patients. The mean time elapsing from the diagnosis of gastric metastasis to patient death was quite short, namely, about 6 months.ConclusionCarcinomas featuring gastric metastasis are typically very rare and reveal a rather poor prognosis. The results of this preliminary study suggest that most treatment for these patients seemed to provide only symptomatic relief but did not prove helpful for long‐term survival.
Importance of natural licks for the mammals in Bornean inland tropical rain forests
Authors: Matsubayashi Hisashi , Lagan Peter , Majalap Noreen , Tangah Joseph , Sukor Jum Rafiah Abd. , Kitayama Kanehiro 
Published: December 2006

AbstractAn intensive camera‐trapping study and a nutrient analysis were carried out to understand how natural licks are important for mammals in inland tropical rain forests where soil cations are usually depleted. Using camera traps, we investigated the fauna, food habits, and the frequency of visitation by species at five natural licks in the Deramakot forest reserve, Sabah, Malaysia. All food‐habit types of mammals (carnivore, herbivore‐frugivore, insectivore, and omnivore), which included 29 (78.4%) of 37 species known in Deramakot, were recorded at the natural licks. The sambar deer, followed by the bearded pig, the lesser mouse‐deer, the Malay badger, and the orangutan were the most commonly recorded species and represented 77.5% in terms of the frequency of appearance in all photographs taken throughout the year. These results indicated that, although the proportion of species recorded at the natural licks relative to the whole mammalian fauna of the forest was high, the frequency of visitation greatly varied among the species, and only a few species dominated. The frequency of visitation seemed to reflect both the density of species and the demand for the minerals, because some endangered, low‐density species were more frequently recorded by cameras than expected—for example, the orangutan which was one of the top five species among natural‐lick users. The natural licks with greater concentrations of minerals in seepage soil water were significantly preferred by the sambar deer and the bearded pig than those with lower concentrations of minerals. This result suggests that the chemical properties of soil water in natural licks determine the frequency of visitation of these herbivorous species that have strong demand for minerals.
MRI Evaluation of Isolated Arthroscopic Partial Meniscectomy Patients at a Minimum Five-Year Follow-up
Authors: Williams Riley J. , Warner Kristin K. , Petrigliano Frank A. , Potter Hollis G. , Hatch Joshua , Cordasco Frank A. 
Published: December 2006

Background The risk of radiographic knee degeneration after partial or total meniscectomy is well documented, but no prior study has employed cartilage-sensitive MRI technology to assess degenerative changes after meniscectomy. Hypothesis Arthroscopic partial meniscectomy results in early articular cartilage wear and subchondral bony degeneration, even in the absence of clinical symptoms, and these findings can be evaluated with cartilage-sensitive MRI. Study design Retrospective cohort. Methods Twenty-nine patients (ages: 15–40) who had undergone isolated arthroscopic partial medial or lateral meniscectomy with at least 5-year follow-up were evaluated. All patients had arthroscopically normal articular cartilage at the time of initial meniscectomy. Seventeen patients (18 knees) underwent partial medial meniscectomy (MM) and 12 patients underwent partial lateral meniscectomy (LM) with mean follow-up of 8.4 and 7.1 years, respectively. Follow-up evaluation included physical examination, outcome questionnaires, and cartilage-sensitive MRI examination with modified Outerbridge grading of articular surfaces. Results Outerbridge grades II–IV were noted in 64% of medial compartment joint surfaces in group MM knees versus 33% of lateral compartment joint surfaces in group LM knees. Abnormal cartilage surfaces (grades II–IV), subchondral sclerosis, and condylar squaring were all significantly more frequent after medial meniscectomy ( p < 0.05). Groups MM and LM had no significant differences among outcome scores, which remained excellent in both groups. A significant negative correlation was found between the severity of cartilage wear and functional scoring in the MM group, suggesting that functional disability lags behind early MRI evidence of degeneration. Conclusions Despite optimal preoperative prognostic factors and excellent functional outcomes, MRI evidence of early articular cartilage degeneration was present in both partial medial and lateral meniscectomy patients at a minimum 5-year follow-up. Results support the use of cartilage-sensitive MRI as a noninvasive screening technique to evaluate cartilage changes after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy and may help to counsel the high-risk patient in regard to postoperative activity.
Effects of Linalyl Oleate on Soybean Oil Flavor and Quality in a Frying Application
Authors: Onal‐Ulusoy Baran , White Pamela , Hammond Earl 
Published: December 2006

AbstractBread pieces were fried at 180 °C in soybean oil (SBO) containing no additives (control), 0.1% linalyl oleate (LO), or 10 ppm methyl silicone (MS). After 2 h of heating, the MS‐containing oil was the most stable, followed by the oil with LO and the control, based on conjugated dienoic acid percentage (CD) and the ratio of linoleate%/palmitate%. Oil extracted from the fresh fried bread showed similar, but not significant, trends for CD and PV. Fresh and stored (60 °C, 2 days) bread fried in LO‐containing oil had less hexanal than the other two treatments, and the stored LO bread had less t,c‐ and t,t‐2,4‐heptadienal than the control. Fresh bread fried in LO‐containing oil had a less rancid flavor than did the other two treatments, and the LO treatment had less fishy flavor than the control. In stored bread, the MS treatment was less rancid than the control. In oil extracted from the stored bread, the amounts of t,c‐2,4‐heptadienal and 2‐decenal correlated (p ≤ 0.05) with the amounts of individual unsaturated fatty acids and with CD, but only t,c‐2,4‐heptadienal correlated with the PV. The t,c‐2,4‐heptadienal correlated with individual Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in freshly fried bread. In general, oil and fried bread had improved flavor quality and/or oil stability when they contained MS or LO.
Regularity criteria for the generalized viscous MHD equations
Authors: Zhou Yong 
Published: December 2006

In this paper, we consider regularity criteria for solutions to the 3D generalized MHD equations with fractional dissipative term

−(−\mathrm{\Delta })^{\alpha }u

for the velocity field and

−(−\mathrm{\Delta })^{\beta }b

for the magnetic field. For the case

\alpha = \beta

, it is proved that if the velocity field belongs to

L^{p,q}

with

2\alpha / p + 3/ q⩽2\alpha −1

or the gradient of velocity field belongs to

L^{p,q}

with

2\alpha / p + 3/ q⩽3\alpha −1

on

[0,T]

, then the solution remains smooth on

[0,T]

. The significance is that there is no restriction on the magnetic field. Moreover, the norms

\|u\|_{L^{p,q}}

and

\|\Lambda ^{\alpha }u\|_{L^{p,q}}

are scaling dimension zero for

2\alpha / p + 3/ q = 2\alpha −1

and

2\alpha / p + 3/ q = 3\alpha −1

respectively. For

1⩽\beta ⩽\alpha

, we find that the minimum sum of

α

and

β

to guarantee the global existence of smooth solutions is

{5}/{2}

. Furthermore, we show that the weak solution actually is strong if the corresponding vorticity field

\omega = \mathrm{∇} \times u

satisfies certain condition in the high vorticity region.

Résumé

Dans ce papier nous considérons des critères de régularité pour les solutions des équations MHD en 3D généralisées avec un terme de dissipation fractionnel

−(−\mathrm{\Delta })^{\alpha }u

pour le champ de vitesse et un terme

−(−\mathrm{\Delta })^{\beta }b

pour le champ magnétique. Pour le cas

\alpha = \beta

, il est démontré que si le champ de vitesse est dans

L^{p,q}

avec

2\alpha / p + 3/ q⩽2\alpha −1

ou le gradient de la vitesse est dans

L^{p,q}

avec

2\alpha / p + 3/ q⩽3\alpha −1

sur

[0,T]

, alors la solution reste régulière sur

[0,T]

. Il est important de noter qu'il n'y a pas de restriction sur le champ magnétique. En plus, les normes

\|u\|_{L^{p,q}}

et

\|\Lambda ^{\alpha }u\|_{L^{p,q}}

ont une dimension sous changement d'échelle égale à zéro pour

2\alpha / p + 3/ q = 2\alpha −1

et pour

2\alpha / p + 3/ q = 3\alpha −1

respectivement. Pour

1⩽\beta ⩽\alpha

, nous trouvons que la somme minimale de

α

et

β

qui garantit l'existence globale de solutions régulières est

{5}/{2}

. En plus nous montrons que les solutions faibles sont des solutions fortes si le champ de vorticité correspondant

\omega = \mathrm{∇} \times u

satisfait une certaine condition dans la région de vorticité.
Qualitative properties of a continuum theory for thin films
Authors: Schmidt Bernd 
Published: December 2006

We discuss qualitative aspects of a continuum theory for thin films rigorously derived in [B. Schmidt, On the passage from atomic to continuum theory for thin films, preprint 82/2005, Max-Planck Institut für Mathematik in den Naturwissenschaften, Leipzig]. The stored energy density is examined for convexity properties and limiting behavior under large and small strains. A study of the dependence of the theory on relaxation parameters leads to the result that the scale of convergence used in [B. Schmidt, On the passage from atomic to continuum theory for thin films, preprint 82/2005, Max-Planck Institut für Mathematik in den Naturwissenschaften, Leipzig] is the only scale for which a limiting theory that also accounts for atomic relaxation effects is non-trivial.

Résumé
Nous discutons des aspects qualitatifs d'une théorie de continuum pour des couches minces, dérivée rigoureusement dans [B. Schmidt, On the passage from atomic to continuum theory for thin films, preprint 82/2005, Max-Planck Institut für Mathematik in den Naturwissenschaften, Leipzig]. La densité d'énergie emmagasinée est examinée pour des propriétés de convexité et comportement en limite sous des distorsions grandes et petites. Une recherche de la dépendance de la théorie à l'égard des paramètres de relaxation mène au résultat que l'échelle de la convergence employée dans [B. Schmidt, On the passage from atomic to continuum theory for thin films, preprint 82/2005, Max-Planck Institut für Mathematik in den Naturwissenschaften, Leipzig] est la seule échelle pour laquelle une théorie limite qui inclut également des effets de la relaxation atomique est non-triviale.
Intravenous ketoprofen as an adjunct to patient‐controlled analgesia morphine in adolescents with thoracic surgery: A placebo controlled double‐blinded study
Authors: Rugytė Danguolė , Kokki Hannu 
Published: December 2006

AbstractBackground: Surgery to correct pectus deformities entail substantial destruction of the thoracic skeleton and thus may cause significant postoperative pain.Aims: To evaluate the efficacy of intravenous ketoprofen, a NSAID, as an adjunct to PCA morphine in pain treatment in children having pectus surgery.Methods: Thirty‐one children aged 10–15 years completed the study according to protocol. Children (n = 14) in the ketoprofen‐group received ketoprofen 1 mg/kg i.v. at the skin closure, and at 8 and 16 h after surgery, while children (n = 17) in the placebo‐group received normal saline, respectively. For rescue analgesia the patient had an access to PCA‐morphine. The children expressed their pain by a coloured VAS.Results: Mean cumulative 24 h morphine dose used was less in the ketoprofen‐group (mean ± SD: 490 ± 240 μg/kg) than in the placebo‐group (670 ± 200 μg/kg) (mean difference 180 μg/kg, 95% CI for diff: 15–340 μg/kg, P = 0.03). The area under the pain intensity–time‐curve was lower in the ketorpofen‐group (49 ± 26 score hour) than in the placebo‐group (68 ± 24 score hour) (mean difference 21 score hour, 95% CI for diff: 3–40 score hour, P = 0.026). There was no difference between the two groups in adverse events, 4/14 in the ketoprofen group and 8/17 in the placebo‐group developed oxygen desaturation, and one patient in the ketoprofen‐group developed bleeding at 5 h after surgery.Conclusions: Intravenous ketoprofen in adjunct to PCA morphine provided a significant opioid sparing effect and improved analgesia in children having chest wall correction surgery.
Induction of tyrosine hydroxylase expression by the transcription factor Pitx3
Authors: Messmer Kirsten , Remington Mary P. , Skidmore Frank , Fishman Paul S. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractTranscription factors are fate determining regulatory factors in dopaminergic neuronal development and differentiation. Among them, Nurr1 is the most extensively studied, but the importance of Pitx3 has recently been appreciated. Over‐expression of both factors has been utilized to enhance the dopaminergic differentiation of stem cells for transplantation into models of Parkinson's disease. Previous studies however have seen conflicting results regarding the induction of tyrosine hydroxylase expression and dopaminergic differentiation induced by over‐expression of Pitx3. Here we show that over‐expression of Pitx3 and Nurr1 induced endogenous tyrosine hydroxylase expression as well as a tyrosine hydroxylase promoter–reporter construct in a human non‐neuronal and mouse embryonic stem cell lines. Combined simultaneous expression of Nurr1 and Pitx3 however did not lead to enhancement of tyrosine hydroxylase expression over that of either factor alone in either of the cell lines or with either method. These results suggest that other regulatory elements may also be involved in regulation of tyrosine hydroxylase expression. There was also a lack of a correlation between the expression levels of tyrosine hydroxylase with that of the transcription factor constructs. To yield a robust dopaminergic differentiation a combinatorial or successive treatment with different transcription factors may be more effective.
Changes in microtubule‐associated protein‐2 (MAP2) expression during development and after status epilepticus in the immature rat hippocampus
Authors: Jalava Niina S. , Lopez‐Picon Francisco R. , Kukko‐Lukjanov Tiina‐Kaisa , Holopainen Irma E. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractIn this study, we analyzed the spatiotemporal expression patterns of the high‐molecular weight (MAP2a and b) and low‐molecular weight (MAP2c and d) cytoskeletal microtubule‐associated protein‐2 (MAP2) isoforms with Western blotting, and the cellular localization of the high‐molecular weight MAP2 isoforms with immunocytochemistry in the hippocampi of 1‐ to 21‐day‐old rats. Moreover, the temporal profile (from 30 min to 1 week) of MAP2 isoform reactivity to kainic acid‐induced status epilepticus was studied in P9 rats. During development, the expression of the high‐molecular weight MAP2 isoforms significantly increased, while the low‐molecular weight isoforms decreased, the most prominent changes occurring during the second postnatal week. This developmental increase in the high‐molecular weight MAP2 expression was also confirmed with immunocytochemistry, which showed increased immunoreactivity, particularly in the molecular layers of the dentate gyrus, and in CA1 and CA3 stratum radiatum. In 9‐day‐old rats, status epilepticus resulted in a rapid transient increase (about 210%) in the high‐molecular weight MAP2 expression, without any effect on the low‐molecular weight MAP2. Moreover, disturbed dendritic structure in the CA1 and CA3 stratum radiatum was manifested as formation of varicosities 3 h after the kainic acid treatment. The strictly developmentally regulated MAP2 isoform expression suggests different functional roles for these proteins during the postnatal development in the rat hippocampus. Moreover, high‐molecular weight MAP2s may play a role in nerve cell survival during cell stress.
210Pb chronology and trace metal geochemistry at Los Tuxtlas, Mexico, as evidenced by a sedimentary record from the Lago Verde crater lake
Authors: Carolina Ruiz-Fernández Ana , Hillaire-Marcel Claude , Páez-Osuna Federico , Ghaleb Bassam , Caballero Margarita 
Published: December 2006

AbstractLago Verde is a fresh-water maar found on the lower slopes of San Martin volcano, at the Sierra de Los Tuxtlas, Mexico, currently the northernmost remnant of the tropical rain forest in America. 210Pb and 137Cs analyzed in a sediment core were used to reconstruct the historical fluxes of Ag, Cd, Cu, Pb, Hg and Zn to the site during the last ∼ 150 yr. The 210Pbxs-derived sediment accumulation rates, the magnetic susceptibility, C/N ratios and δ13C data evidenced background conditions at the lake until 1960s, when enhanced erosion related to the clearing of large forested areas at Los Tuxtlas promoted higher accumulation rates of a heavier and more magnetic sedimentary material. Recent sediments from Lago Verde were found enriched by Pb (26-fold natural concentration level [NCLs]) and moderately enriched by Cd>Cu>Zn and Hg (6-, 5-, 4- and 4-fold corresponding NCLs, respectively). The fluxes of Cu, Hg, Pb and Zn have significantly increased since 1940s, with peak ratios of total modern to pre-industrial fluxes of 11, 11, 19 and 49, respectively. The lake occupies a relatively pristine, non-industrialized basin, and therefore the increased metal fluxes might be related to long-distance aeolian transport of trace metals.
Emerging epidemic diseases of frogs in Britain are dependent on the source of ranavirus agent and the route of exposure
Authors: CUNNINGHAM A. A. , HYATT A. D. , RUSSELL P. , BENNETT P. M. 
Published: December 2006

SUMMARYA series of transmission studies was conducted to investigate the aetiology, or aetiologies, of emerging fatal epidemic disease syndromes affecting the common frog (Rana temporaria) in Britain. The syndromes, characterized by skin ulceration or systemic haemorrhages, were induced upon exposure to lesion homogenates or cultured ranavirus. The re-isolation of ranavirus from experimentally affected frogs fulfilled Koch's postulates.Aeromonas hydrophila, previously associated with similar lesions, was not significant to disease development. Unexpectedly, disease outcomes were influenced by both the source of agent and the route of exposure, indicating that different ranaviruses with different tissue tropisms and pathogeneses (possibly similar to quasi-species in RNA virus populations) are circulating in the British common frog population. Our findings confirm that ranavirus disease has emerged as an important cause of amphibian mortality in Britain.
Clustering threshold gradient descent regularization: with applications to microarray studies
Authors: Ma Shuangge , Huang Jian 
Published: December 2006

AbstractMotivation: An important goal of microarray studies is to discover genes that are associated with clinical outcomes, such as disease status and patient survival. While a typical experiment surveys gene expressions on a global scale, there may be only a small number of genes that have significant influence on a clinical outcome. Moreover, expression data have cluster structures and the genes within a cluster have correlated expressions and coordinated functions, but the effects of individual genes in the same cluster may be different. Accordingly, we seek to build statistical models with the following properties. First, the model is sparse in the sense that only a subset of the parameter vector is non-zero. Second, the cluster structures of gene expressions are properly accounted for.Results: For gene expression data without pathway information, we divide genes into clusters using commonly used methods, such as K-means or hierarchical approaches. The optimal number of clusters is determined using the Gap statistic. We propose a clustering threshold gradient descent regularization (CTGDR) method, for simultaneous cluster selection and within cluster gene selection. We apply this method to binary classification and censored survival analysis. Compared to the standard TGDR and other regularization methods, the CTGDR takes into account the cluster structure and carries out feature selection at both the cluster level and within-cluster gene level. We demonstrate the CTGDR on two studies of cancer classification and two studies correlating survival of lymphoma patients with microarray expressions.Availability: R code is available upon request.Contact: shuangge.ma@yale.eduSupplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
URec: a system for unrooted reconciliation
Authors: Górecki Pawel , Tiuryn Jerzy 
Published: December 2006

AbstractSummary: URec is a software based on a concept of unrooted reconciliation. It can be used to reconcile a set of unrooted gene trees with a rooted species tree or a set of rooted species trees. Moreover, it computes detailed distribution of gene duplications and gene losses in a species tree. It can be used to infer optimal species phylogenies for a given set of gene trees. URec is implemented in C++ and can be easily compiled under Unix and Windows systems.Availability: Software is freely available for download from our website at . This webpage also contains Windows executables and a number of advanced examples with explanations.Contact: gorecki@mimuw.edu.pl