bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Runx2 expression is associated with pathologic new bone formation around radicular cysts: an immunohistochemical demonstration
Authors: Kusafuka Kimihide , Sasaguri Kenichi , Sato Sadao , Takemura Tamiko , Kameya Toru 
Published: August 2006

Background:  Radicular cysts are the most common cysts in human jaw bones. These lesions induce bone remodeling of the surrounding alveolar bones, which was termed ‘condensing osteitis’, and was suggested to be related to cells of the osteoblastic lineage. The Runx2 (core‐binding protein [cbfa]1/polyoma enhancer‐binding protein [pebp]2αA) was shown to be a DNA‐binding transcriptional molecule expressed in osteoprogenitor cells.Methods:  We confirmed the specificity of anti‐Runx2 antiserum, using Western blotting analysis. We investigated the expression and localization of Runx2 in 32 radicular cyst cases with bone tissue fragments, immunohistochemically.Results:  Signals for Runx2 were seen in 18 cases (56.3%) of radicular cysts with bone formation. These signals were immunolocalized in the nuclei of the spindle‐shaped osteoprogenitor cells in the cyst walls, whereas only a few signals were seen in the cuboidal osteoblastic cells near the fibrous bones. Signals for type I collagen were immunolocalized in the dense collagen fibers in the cyst walls and in the matrix of the fibrous bone around the radicular cysts, whereas no signals were seen on the inner portions with inflammatory cell infiltration of the cyst walls. Very weak signals for transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β1 were infrequently seen in the osteoblasts of the fibrous bone, whereas signals for TGF‐β2 were observed in young osteocytes in the fibrous bones, in B‐cell lymphocytes infiltrating into the inner portions, and on the cellular membranes of the lining epithelium.Conclusions:  The nuclear expression of Runx2 in spindle‐shaped cells in the outer portions may play an essential role in the induction of fibrous bone tissue around radicular cysts. TGF‐β2 may play a role in the production of type I collagen, which acts as a template for pathologic new bone formation, in radicular cysts.
Characterisation of magnesium nutrition and interaction of magnesium and potassium in rice
Authors: Ding Y. , Luo W. , Xu G. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractMagnesium (Mg) is known as one of the essential nutrients for higher plants; yet, the preliminary physiological responses of field crops to its deficiency or excess, particularly to its interaction with potassium (K), remain largely unknown. In this study, we observed that Mg deficiency in rice (Oryza sativa) [less than 1.1 mg g−1 dry weight (DW) in the shoot] resulted in significant reduction in shoot biomass, decrease in total chlorophyll concentration and net photosynthetic rate and reduction in activities of both nitrate reductase [NR; enzyme classification (EC) 1.6.6.1] and glutamine synthetase (EC 6.3.1.2) in the leaves. However, the Mg‐deficient plant contained higher starch in the leaves, and partitioned larger biomass into roots. Excess of Mg (more than 3.0 mg g−1 DW in the shoot), together with low K supply, suppressed NR activity and decreased concentration of soluble sugar in the leaves. There were great antagonistic and moderately synergistic effects between K and Mg, but the effects of K were much more significant than those of Mg on their uptake and translocation, NR activity and net photosynthetic rate in the leaves. The optimum weight ratio of K to Mg ranged between 22 and 25 in the leaves at tillering stage. Mg deficiency was not compensated for by moderate supply of K but was aggravated by excess supply of K, suggesting specific roles of Mg in both dry matter production and partition of carbon assimilates in rice.
TRENDS IN AGE STRUCTURE AND PRODUCTIVITY OF PACIFIC WALRUSES HARVESTED IN THE BERING STRAIT REGION OF ALASKA, 1952–2002
Authors: Garlich‐Miller Joel L. , Quakenbush Lori T. , Bromaghin Jeffrey F. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractPacific walruses (Odobenus rosmarus divergens) are harvested by subsistence hunters in Alaska as they migrate north through the Bering Strait in the spring. Harvest records and biological specimens have been collected from the Bering Strait communities of Little Diomede, Gambell, and Savoonga since the 1950s. Harvest levels in the Bering Strait region peaked in the late 1980s and declined thereafter; however, there was considerable variation in the size and composition of the harvests among communities and over time. The relationships among characteristics of the community harvests and the presence of temporal trends were investigated using generalized linear models. The proportion of females in the catch increased over time in all three communities, while the proportion pregnant among harvested females declined over the range of sample years. The ages of harvested walruses increased over time in all three communities through the 1980s, after which trends in age stabilized or began to decline. The age of first reproduction was significantly older for females sampled in 1975–1985 than for females sampled between 1952 and 1962 or 1992 and 1998. Factors thought to have influenced the size and composition of the catch over the past 50 yr include hunter preferences, harvest management regimes, environmental conditions, and changes in the population itself.
Amplification of Waves by a Concrete Gravity Substructure: Linear Diffraction Analysis and Estimating the Extreme Crest Height
Authors: van Iperen E. J. , Forristall G. Z. , Battjes J. A. , Pinkster J. A. 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
Diffraction of both regular and irregular waves by a concrete gravity substructure (CGS) was investigated using experimental surface elevation data and computational results of the linear diffraction code DELFRAC. The influence of the box-shaped base that supports the four vertical columns was studied independently from the columns, using data from regular wave model tests of the Malampaya CGS. DELFRAC was shown to give accurate results for the focusing of waves over the submerged structure. Results from regular wave data analysis of model tests of the complete Sakhalin II project Lunskoye CGS were compared to the predictions by the linear diffraction code. For the wave cases tested, the first-order amplitudes were accurately predicted. Diffraction of irregular waves at the Lunskoye CGS was studied in a similar way and linear diffraction theory for random seas gave an excellent prediction of incident wave spectral diffraction, including the peaks in the diffracted spectrum near twice the peak frequency in the input spectrum. The results obtained for the Lunksoye CGS in the present study were consistent with results found in similar studies on less complex structures. An attempt to predict the extreme crest heights from the diffracted spectrum was made using a Weibull distribution, and a second-order expansion of the sea surface that captures the effects of wave steepness, water depth, and directional spreading with no other approximation than the truncation of the expansion at second order. Depth induced breaking appeared to be an important phenomenon limiting the crest heights. The crest heights in a 100-year sea state at the Lunskoye CGS were accurately predicted.
Altered p-STAT3 (tyr705) expression is associated with histological grading and intratumour microvessel density in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Yang Sheau-Fang , Wang Shen-Nien , Wu Chih-Fung , Yeh Yao-Tsung , Chai Chee-Yin , Chunag Shih-Chang , Sheen Maw-Chang , Lee King-Teh 
Published: August 2006

Background:Constitutive activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 at tyrosine residue 705 (p-STAT3 (tyr705)) has been associated with many types of human cancers. However, its potential roles and biological effects in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are not well established.Aim:To explore whether an altered p-STAT3 (tyr705) expression is associated with angiogenesis or proliferation and thereby plays a part in HCC development.Methods:Paraffin-wax-embedded sections from 69 patients with HCC were collected in this study. Using a semiquantitative immunohistochemical staining method, the expression patterns of p-STAT3 (tyr705) in both HCC lesions and the adjacent non-tumorous liver parenchyma were analysed. The results obtained were further correlated with intratumour microvessel density (MVD), Ki-67 expression, clinicopathological parameters and overall survival.Results:A strong p-STAT3 (tyr705) nuclear staining was observed in 49.3% of HCC lesions, but was reported only in 5.8% of the adjacent non-tumorous liver parenchyma (p<0.001). The expression of p-STAT3 (tyr705) in HCC lesions was significantly and positively correlated with the intratumour MVD (p = 0.002), but not with Ki-67 expression. No significant correlation of p-STAT3 (tyr705) was found in addition to histological grading (p = 0.019). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that p-STAT3 (tyr705) expression was a significant predictor of overall survival for HCC (p = 0.036), although the Kaplan–Meier survival curves showed no significant difference between the high and low p-STAT3 (tyr705) expression subgroups.Conclusions:The results showed that p-STAT3 (tyr705) expression was closely correlated with histological grading and intratumour MVD in HCC. Thus, the potential role of p-STAT3 (tyr705) in HCC development may be through these correlations.
Phenotypic heterogeneity in hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer: identical germline mutations associated with variable tumour morphology and immunohistochemical expression
Authors: Halvarsson Britta , Müller Wolfram , Planck Maria , Benoni Anna Clara , Mangell Peter , Ottosson Johan , Hallén Magnus , Isinger Anna , Nilbert Mef 
Published: August 2006

Background:Hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) is associated with high risks for colorectal and endometrial cancer, young age at onset and an increased risk of multiple primary tumours. Colorectal cancer in HNPCC is characterised by poor tumour differentiation, an expanding growth pattern, and a pronounced lymphocytic reaction with tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes.Aims and Methods:The mutation spectrum in HNPCC is diverse and in order to clarify whether the HNPCC tumour phenotype is influenced by the underlying genetic alteration, 29 colorectal cancers and 12 adenomas from 24 individuals in two HNPCC families were morphologically and immunohistochemically characterised.Results:The tumour morphology as well as the immunohistochemical expression of β-catenin varied extensively within the families as well as between synchronous/metachronous colorectal cancers from the same individual. Poor tumour differentiation, an expanding growth pattern, and tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes occurred at higher frequencies in proximal tumours, whereas distal colorectal cancers often lacked distinct HNPCC-associated morphological features.Conclusions:The clinical, morphological and immunohistochemical variability observed within these families indicates that other mechanisms than the underlying germline mutation influence the HNPCC phenotype. Since morphological features linked to HNPCC are less frequent in distal cancers, it may be particularly relevant to obtain family history and age of onset in these tumours in order to identify individuals with HNPCC.
SEMANTICS-BASED DYNAMIC WEB SERVICE COMPOSITION
Authors: FUJII KEITA , SUDA TATSUYA 
Published: August 2006

This paper presents a semantics-based dynamic service composition architecture that composes an application through combining distributed components based on the semantics of the components. This architecture consists of a component model called Component Service Model with Semantics (CoSMoS), a middleware called Component Runtime Environment (CoRE), and a service composition mechanism called Semantic Graph based Service Composition (SeGSeC). CoSMoS represents the semantics of components. CoRE provides interfaces to discover and access components modeled by CoSMoS. SeGSeC composes an application by discovering components through CoRE, and synthesizing a workflow of the application based on the semantics of the components modeled by CoSMoS. This paper describes the latest design of the semantics-based dynamic service composition architecture, and also illustrates the implementation of the architecture based on the Web Service standards, i.e. WSDL, RDF, SOAP, and UDDI. The Web Service based implementation of the architecture allows existing Web Services to migrate onto the architecture without reimplementation. It also simplifies the development and deployment of a new Web Service on the architecture by automatically generating the necessary description files (i.e. WSDL and RDF files) of the Web Service from its runtime binary (i.e. a Java class file).
A LAYERED FRAMEWORK FOR CONNECTING CLIENT OBJECTIVES AND RESOURCE CAPABILITIES
Authors: DAN ASIT , RANGANATHAN KAVITHA , DUMITRESCU CATALIN L. , RIPEANU MATEI 
Published: August 2006

In large-scale, distributed systems such as Grids, an agreement between a client and a service provider specifies service level objectives both as expressions of client requirements and as provider assurances. From an application perspective, these objectives should be expressed in a high-level, service or application-specific manner rather than requiring clients to detail the necessary resources. Resource providers on the other hand, expect low-level, resource-specific performance criteria that are uniform across applications and can be easily interpreted and provisioned. This paper presents a framework for service management that addresses this gap between high-level specification of client performance objectives and existing resource management infrastructures. The paper identifies three levels of abstraction for resource requirements a service provider needs to manage, namely: detailed specification of raw resources, virtualization of heterogeneous resources as abstract resources, and performance objectives at an application level. The paper also identifies three key functions for managing service-level agreements, namely: translation of resource requirements across abstraction layers, arbitration in allocating resources to client requests, and aggregation and allocation of resources from multiple lower-level resource managers. One or more of these key functions may be present at each abstraction layer of a service-level manager. Thus, layering and the composition of these functions across abstraction layers enables modeling of a wide array of management scenarios. The framework we present uses service metadata and/or service performance models to map client requirements to resource capabilities, uses business value associated with objectives to arbitrate between competing requests, and allocates resources based on previously negotiated agreements. We instantiate this framework for three different scenarios and explain how the architectural principles we introduce are used in the real-word.
A SERVICE-ORIENTED APPROACH TO ENFORCE GRID RESOURCE ALLOCATIONS
Authors: SANDHOLM THOMAS , GARDFJÄLL PETER , ELMROTH ERIK , MULMO OLLE , JOHNSSON LENNART 
Published: August 2006

We present the SweGrid Accounting System (SGAS) — a decentralized and standards-based system for Grid resource allocation enforcement that has been developed with an emphasis on a uniform data model and easy integration into existing scheduling and workload management software.The system has been tested at the six high-performance computing centers comprising the SweGrid computational resource, and addresses the need for soft, real-time quota enforcement across the SweGrid clusters.The SGAS framework is based on state-of-the-art Web and Grid services technologies. The openness and ubiquity of Web services combined with the fine-grained resource control and cross-organizational security models of Grid services proved to be a perfect match for the SweGrid needs. Extensibility and customizability of policy implementations for the three different parties that the system serves (the user, the resource manager, and the allocation authority) are key design goals. Another goal is end-to-end security and single sign-on, to allow resources to reserve allocations and charge for resource usage on behalf of the user.We conclude this paper by illustrating the policy customization capabilities of SGAS in a simulated setting, where job streams are shaped using different modes of allocation policy enforcement. Finally, we discuss some of the early experiences from the production system.
Assessment and Diagnosis of Personality Disorder: Perennial Issues and an Emerging Reconceptualization
Authors: Clark Lee Anna 
Published: August 2006

Abstract This chapter reviews recent (2000–2005) personality disorder (PD) research, focusing on three major domains: assessment, comorbidity, and stability. (a) Substantial evidence has accrued favoring dimensional over categorical conceptualization of PD, and the five-factor model of personality is prominent as an integrating framework. Future directions include assessing dysfunction separately from traits and learning to utilize collateral information. (b) To address the pervasiveness and extent of comorbidity, researchers have begun to move beyond studying overlapping pairs or small sets of disorders and are developing broader, more integrated common-factor models that cross the Axis I–Axis II boundary. (c) Studies of PD stability have converged on the finding that PD features include both more acute, dysfunctional behaviors that resolve in relatively short periods, and maladaptive temperamental traits that are relatively more stable—similar to normal-range personality traits—with increasing stability until after 50 years of age. A new model for assessing PD—and perhaps all psychopathology—emerges from integrating these interrelated reconceptualizations.
The Elaboration of Personal Construct Psychology
Authors: Walker Beverly M. , Winter David A. 
Published: August 2006

Abstract More than half a century has passed since the publication of George Kelly's (1955/1991) The Psychology of Personal Constructs. This review considers the elaboration of personal construct psychology (PCP) during this time, both by Kelly and by others who developed his ideas. Advances to the theory have principally concerned implicative relationships between constructs, construing of the self, social relationships, emotions, links with other approaches, and supporting research. With regard to methods of assessment of construing, major developments have occurred in both repertory grid and nongrid techniques, such as laddering. The principal advances in the applications of PCP have been in the clinical, educational, and organizational fields, but have by no means been limited to these areas. It can be concluded that PCP has met Kelly's own design specifications for a useful theory and that PCP can perhaps anticipate at least another half-century of elaboration.
Work Group Diversity
Authors: van Knippenberg Daan , Schippers Michaéla C. 
Published: August 2006

Abstract Work group diversity, the degree to which there are differences between group members, may affect group process and performance positively as well as negatively. Much is still unclear about the effects of diversity, however. We review the 1997–2005 literature on work group diversity to assess the state of the art and to identify key issues for future research. This review points to the need for more complex conceptualizations of diversity, as well as to the need for more empirical attention to the processes that are assumed to underlie the effects of diversity on group process and performance and to the contingency factors of these processes.
The Neurobiology of Stress and Development
Authors: Gunnar Megan , Quevedo Karina 
Published: August 2006

Abstract Stress is a part of every life to varying degrees, but individuals differ in their stress vulnerability. Stress is usefully viewed from a biological perspective; accordingly, it involves activation of neurobiological systems that preserve viability through change or allostasis. Although they are necessary for survival, frequent neurobiological stress responses increase the risk of physical and mental health problems, perhaps particularly when experienced during periods of rapid brain development. Recently, advances in noninvasive measurement techniques have resulted in a burgeoning of human developmental stress research. Here we review the anatomy and physiology of stress responding, discuss the relevant animal literature, and briefly outline what is currently known about the psychobiology of stress in human development, the critical role of social regulation of stress neurobiology, and the importance of individual differences as a lens through which to approach questions about stress experiences during development and child outcomes.
The Close Relationships of Lesbians and Gay Men
Authors: Peplau Letitia Anne , Fingerhut Adam W. 
Published: August 2006

Abstract This article reviews empirical studies of same-sex couples in the United States, highlighting consistent findings, drawing comparisons to heterosexual couples, and noting gaps in available research. U.S. Census data indicate that there were more than 600,000 same-sex couples living together in 2000. Research about relationship formation, the division of household labor, power, satisfaction, sexuality, conflict, commitment, and relationship stability is presented. Next, we highlight three recent research topics: the legalization of same-sex relationships through civil unions and same-sex marriage, the experiences of same-sex couples raising children, and the impact of societal prejudice and discrimination on same-sex partners. We conclude with comments about the contributions of empirical research to debunking negative stereotypes of same-sex couples, testing the generalizability of theories about close relationships, informing our understanding of gender and close relationships, and providing a scientific basis for public policy.
The Development of Coping
Authors: Skinner Ellen A. , Zimmer-Gembeck Melanie J. 
Published: August 2006

Abstract Research on coping during childhood and adolescence is distinguished by its focus on how children deal with actual stressors in real-life contexts. Despite burgeoning literatures within age groups, studies on developmental differences and changes have proven difficult to integrate. Two recent advances promise progress toward a developmental framework. First, dual-process models that conceptualize coping as “regulation under stress” establish links to the development of emotional, attentional, and behavioral self-regulation and suggest constitutional underpinnings and social factors that shape coping development. Second, analyses of the functions of higher-order coping families allow identification of corresponding lower-order ways of coping that, despite their differences, are developmentally graded members of the same family. This emerging framework was used to integrate 44 studies reporting age differences or changes in coping from infancy through adolescence. Together, these advances outline a systems perspective in which, as regulatory subsystems are integrated, general mechanisms of coping accumulate developmentally, suggesting multiple directions for future research.