bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interprofessional Collaboration and Patient/Family Engagement on Rounds in a Comprehensive Stroke Center: A Mixed-Methods Study
Authors: Xie Anping , Barany E. Alexandra , Tanner Elizabeth K. , Blakeney Erin Abu-Rish , Bahouth Mona N. , Hanson Ginger C. , Hansen Bryan R. , McDonald Kathryn M. , Salas Rachel Marie E. , Shakes Tenise , Watson Heather , Zink Elizabeth K. , Hairston Dorna P. 
Published: March 2024

Background and Objectives:
Daily rounds provide an opportunity for interprofessional collaboration and patient/family engagement, which are critical to stroke care. As part of a quality improvement program, we conducted a baseline assessment to examine interprofessional collaboration and patient/family engagement during the current rounding process in a 12-bed comprehensive stroke center. Findings from the baseline assessment will be used to inform the development, implementation, and evaluation of a new rounding model.

Methods:
The baseline assessment used a mixed-methods approach with a convergent parallel design. Although observations of the current rounding process were conducted to quantitatively assess interprofessional collaboration and patient/family engagement on rounds, qualitative interviews were conducted with different stakeholders to identify strengths and weaknesses of the current rounding process, as well as suggestions for facilitating interprofessional collaboration and patient/family engagement.

Results:
We observed 103 table rounds and 99 bedside rounds and conducted 30 interviews with patients, families, and clinicians. Although the current process was perceived to facilitate interprofessional collaboration, the participation of nurses and other health care professionals on rounds was inconsistent due to competing clinical duties. Good practices for engaging patients and families during bedside rounds were also performed inconsistently.

Conclusions:
These findings lead to recommendations for revising the rounding process with poststroke patients, utilizing a more interprofessional collaborative approach with focus on patient/family engagement.
Positive 18F-FDG and Negative 68Ga-FAPI-04 Findings in a Patient With Gallbladder Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Qi Na , Chen Xing , Zhou Zirong , Yuan Zengbei , Zhao Jun 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Radiolabeled fibroblast activation protein inhibitor (FAPI) is considered as a potential alternative agent to 18F-FDG for tumor-specific imaging. We report 18F-FDG and 68Ga-FAPI-04 PET/MR findings in a 67-year-old woman with gallbladder adenocarcinoma. The lesions showed intense 18F-FDG uptake but limited 68Ga-FAPI-04 uptake in PET/MR. This case emphasizes the necessity for nuclear clinicians to exercise caution when assessing gallbladder lesions with limited 68Ga-FAPI-04 uptake, underscoring the continued relevance of 18F-FDG in this diagnostic domain.
The state of art on the use of patient reported outcomes in migraine
Authors: Alpuente Alicia , Torres-Ferrus Marta , Caronna Edoardo , Pozo-Rosich Patricia 
Published: March 2024

Purpose of review
This review aims to explore the use of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) in migraine. Traditionally assessed through specific features, recent adoption of PROMs allows for a more objective and quantifiable evaluation. PROMs, which are standardized questionnaires collecting health information directly from a patients’ perspective, cover various aspects, including migraine specific aspects. The review focuses on delineating the applications and interpretation of commonly used PROMs in migraine research, with an emphasis on their integration in clinical care.

Recent findings
Generic and migraine-specific PROMs play a crucial role in clinical research, particularly in assessing health-related quality of life, disability, impact, and associated comorbidities. Some of these measures are strongly recommended to be used by the International Guidelines and are, in fact, mandated by the FDA for product labeling. Recently, there has been an expansion in the use of PROMs to assess migraine in diverse populations, in particular pediatric patients. However, the application of these measures in clinical care shows considerable heterogeneity, and some have not been validated specifically for migraine. The existing multitude of PROMs, coupled with ongoing development of new ones to better capture patient concerns, creates complexity in their research and clinical application. To address these challenges, it becomes imperative to streamline their use, focusing on those that are more validated and better aligned with the patients’ perspective including different populations’ needs.

Summary
The utilization of PROMs in evaluating migraine enables a more holistic assessment, helps quantify the impact of the disease facilitating change measurement, improves communication between healthcare providers and patients and, guides treatment decisions for improved outcomes. However, the increasing number of PROMs questionnaires, underscores the importance of validating these tools for migraine and, the dynamic nature of the disease makes it relevant to decide with whom, why and when these should be used.
Trends and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of diarrhoeal pathogens - an experience of fourteen years in Southern India
Authors: Mohanty Ankita , Lakra Nayannika , Mandal Jharna 
Published: March 2024

INTRODUCTION:
Enteric pathogens contribute largely to morbidity in a developing country like India. Early and prompt diagnosis of diarrhoeal diseases can reduce the mortality rate, particularly in children. The pattern of sensitivity to antimicrobials for the common pathogens can vary from time to time. The present study was conducted to study the pathogen distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern during the study period (January 2010 to December 2023).
HYPOTHESIS/GAP STATEMENT: Studying the changing trend in the antimicrobial sensitivity pattern of diarrhoeal pathogens over a decade can help to plan future treatment options.
AIM: This study was undertaken to provide insight into the changing pattern of pathogen distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility of enteric pathogens over 14 years.
METHODS: A retrospective observational cohort analysis was conducted on all the stool pathogens isolated from the samples received in the Microbiology department of a tertiary care hospital from the year 2010 to 2023. The demographic details, stool microscopy, culture reports, and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns were noted.
RESULTS: 18336 stool specimens were received in the Microbiology laboratory between January 2010 to December 2023. A total of 591 Salmonella, 471 Shigella,181 Vibrio, and 80 Aeromonas species were isolated. 93% of Salmonella species, 89% of Shigella species, and 95 % of Vibrio species were susceptible to Ceftriaxone.91% of Aeromonas isolates were susceptible to Chloramphenicol. Some major parasites were also observed on microscopy.
CONCLUSION: Timely diagnosis of diarrhoeal pathogens can be life-saving for patients belonging to extremes of age. Pathogens can exhibit a changing susceptibility pattern to antibiotics which should be regularly observed to plan future therapy.
Root foraging response to gradients of calcium and magnesium, essential bivalent cations with low mobility in the soil
Authors: Skálová Hana , Pánková Karolína , Stiblíková Pavlína , Křivohlavý Filip , Hadincová Věroslava , Tylová Edita , Herben Tomáš 
Published: March 2024

SummaryPlants forage for nutrients by root proliferation in nutrient-rich patches. While foraging for nitrogen and phosphorus has been repeatedly confirmed, foraging for calcium and magnesium, which are essential for plant growth and form much more stable patches in the soil, has never been examined.We examined preferential root placement into dolomite-limestone-rich patches in a pot experiment with 17 species, and compared it with foraging for a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium mixture (NPK). About one half of the species showed root proliferation in dolomite-rich patches. It was less pronounced than foraging for NPK and did not show any relationship to species field preferences to soil reaction, or dicots-grass difference, but it showed clear negative relationship to species-specific Ca+Mg tissue concentrations.While foraging for NPK shows the potential of species to change their root systems by proliferation, only some species use this potential to respond to the Ca+Mg gradient. The negative correlation of this response to Ca+Mg tissue concentrations implies that nonresponding species compensate for it by physiological mechanisms. The response to Ca+Mg also implies that in contrast to nitrogen, which never shows stable patches in the soil, Ca+Mg-rich patches, which are much more stable, can be exploited by root proliferation.
Cortical evidence accumulation for perceptual experience occurs irrespective of reports
Authors: Stockart François , Msheik Ramla , Robin Alexis , Jurkovičová Lenka , Goueytes Dorian , Rouy Martin , Mareček Radek , Hoffmann Dominique , Mudrik Liad , Roman Robert , Brázdil Milan , Minotti Lorella , Kahane Philippe , Pereira Michael , Faivre Nathan 
Published: March 2024

SummaryPerceptual experience is a multi-faceted, dynamical process, tackled empirically through measures of stimulus detectability and confidence. To assess if stimulus detection and confidence can be explained by evidence accumulation, a form of sequential sampling of sensory evidence, we analyzed high-gamma activity from stereo-electroencephalographic data of 29 participants partaking in 3 pre-registered experiments. In an immediate-response experiment, individual channels and decoded multivariate latent variables in the visual, inferior frontal, and anterior insular cortices displayed functional markers of evidence accumulation. In two further experiments, this signal in the ventral visual cortex differentiated between (1) seen and unseen stimuli in delayed detection, (2) high and low intensity stimuli during passive viewing, and (3) levels of confidence when stimuli were seen. A computational model of leaky evidence accumulation successfully reproduced both behavioral and neural data. Overall, these results indicate that evidence accumulation explains key aspects of perceptual experience, encompassing both conscious access and monitoring.
Adaptation optimizes sensory encoding of future stimuli
Authors: Mao Jiang , Rothkopf Constantin , Stocker Alan A. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSensory neurons continually adapt their response characteristics according to recent sensory input. However, it is unclear how such a reactive process shaped by sensory history can benefit the organism going forward. Here, we test the hypothesis that adaptation indeed acts proactively in the sense that it optimally adjusts sensory encoding for the future, i.e. for the next expected sensory input. We first quantified adaptation induced changes in sensory encoding by psychophysically measuring discrimination thresholds for visual orientation under different adaptation conditions. Using an information theoretic analysis, we found that adaptation consistently reallocates coding resources such that encoding accuracy peaks at the adaptor orientation while total coding capacity remains constant. We then asked whether this characteristic change in encoding accuracy is predicted by the temporal statistics of natural visual input. By analyzing the retinal input of freely behaving human subjects in natural environments, we found that the distribution of local visual orientations in the retinal input stream at any moment in time is also peaked at the mean orientation computed over a short input history leading up to that moment. We further tested our hypothesis with a recurrent neural network trained to predict the next frame of natural scene videos (PredNet). We simulated our human adaptation experiment with PredNet while analyzing its internal sensory representation. We found that the network exhibited the same change in encoding accuracy as observed in human subjects, and as predicted by the natural input statistics. Taken together, our results suggest that adaptation induced changes in encoding accuracy are an attempt of the visual systems to be best possibly prepared for future sensory input.
VaccineDesigner: A Web-based Tool for Streamlined Multi-epitope Vaccine Design
Authors: Trygoniaris Dimitrios , Korda Anna , Paraskeva Anastasia , Dushku Esmeralda , Tzimagiorgis Georgios , Yiangou Minas , Kotzamanidis Charalampos , Malousi Andigoni 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundMulti-epitope vaccines have become the preferred strategy for protection against infectious diseases by integrating multiple MHC-restricted T-cell and B-cell epitopes that elicit both humoral and cellular immune responses against pathogens. Computational methods address various aspects independently, yet their orchestration is technically challenging as most bioinformatics tools are accessible through heterogeneous interfaces and lack interoperability features. The present work proposes a novel framework for rationalized multi-epitope vaccine design that streamlines end-to-end analyses through an integrated Web-based environment.ResultsVaccineDesigner is a comprehensive Web-based framework that streamlines the design of protective epitope-based vaccines by seamlessly integrating computational methods for B-cell, CTL, and HTL epitope prediction. VaccineDesigner incorporates single epitope prediction and evaluation as well as additional analyses, such as multi-epitope vaccine generation, estimation of population coverage, molecular mimicry, and proteasome cleavage. The functionalities are transparently integrated into a modular architecture, providing a single access point for rationalized, multi-epitope vaccine generation, time and cost-effectively.ConclusionsVaccineDesigner is a Web-based interface for developing multi-epitope vaccines. Given a protein sequence, VaccineDesigner identifies and evaluates candidate B-cell, CTL, and HTL epitopes and constructs a library of multi-epitope vaccines that combine strong immunogenic responses, safety, and broad population coverage. The source code is available under the academic license at:https://github.com/BiolApps/VaccineDesigner. VaccineDesigner is freely accessible at:http://bioinformatics.med.auth.gr/VaccineDesigner.
Relationship between weapon size and six key behavioural and physiological traits in males of the European earwig
Authors: Blackwell Samantha E.M. , Pasquier Laura , Dupont Simon , Devers Séverine , Lécureuil Charlotte , Meunier Joël 
Published: March 2024

SummaryIn many animals, male weapons are large and extravagant morphological structures that typically enhance fighting ability and reproductive success. It is generally assumed that growing and carrying large weapons is costly, thus only males in the best condition can afford it. In the European earwig, males carry weapons in the form of forceps-like cerci, which can vary widely in size within populations. While long forceps appear to increase male’s access to females, it is unknown whether it also correlates with other important male lifen-history traits. This information is important, however, in determining the potential reliability of forceps length as an indicator of male quality and the stability of this signalling system. Here, we tested whether forceps length is associated with six important behavioural and physiological traits in males of the European earwig. We sampled hundreds of males from two populations, selected 60 males with the longest and shortest forceps from each population, and then measured locomotor performance, boldness, aggregation behaviour, survival under harsh conditions, sperm storage, and survival after pathogen exposure. Contrary to our predictions, we detected no main association between forceps length and the traits measured. This lack of association was consistent between the two populations, although there were population-specific levels of boldness, aggregation and survival in harsh conditions (for long-forceps males only). Overall, these results challenge our current understanding of the function and quality signal of forceps length in this species and raise questions about the evolutionary drivers that could explain the maintenance of weapon size diversity within and between populations.
Chronic hypertension and perfusion deficits conjointly affect disease outcome after tPA treatment in a rodent model of thromboembolic stroke
Authors: Franx Bart AA , Tiebosch Ivo ACW , van der Toorn Annette , Dijkhuizen Rick M. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractFutile recanalization hampers prognoses for ischemic stroke patients despite successful recanalization therapy. Allegedly, hypertension and reperfusion deficits contribute, but a better understanding is needed of how they interact and mediate disease outcome. We assessed data from spontaneously hypertensive and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (male, n=6-7/group) that were subjected to two-hour embolic middle cerebral artery occlusion and thrombolysis in preclinical trials. Serial MRI allowed lesion monitoring and parcellation of regions-of-interest that represented infarcted (core) or recovered (perilesional) tissue. Imaging markers of hemodynamics and blood-brain barrier (BBB) status were related to tissue fate and neurological outcome. Despite comparable ischemic severity during occlusion between groups, hypertensive rats temporarily developed larger lesions after recanalization, with permanently aggravated vasogenic edema and BBB permeability. One day post-stroke, cerebral blood flow (CBF) was variably restored, but blood transit times were consistently prolonged in hypertensives. Compared to the core, perilesional CBF was normo-to- hyperperfused in both groups, yet this pattern reversed after seven days. Volumes of hypo- and hyperperfusion developed irrespective of strain, differentially associating with final infarct volume and behavioral outcome. Incomplete reperfusion and cerebral injury after thrombolysis were augmented in hypertensive rats. One day after thrombolysis, hypoperfusion associated with worsened outcomes, while regional hyperperfusion appeared beneficial or benign.
Neuroprotective Effects of Bioactive Molecules Derived from Tobacco as Potential Therapeutic Candidates for Alzheimer Disease
Authors: Liao Ceheng , Li Meng , Li Zhu , Wang Meixia , Peng Qiyuan , Zhu Zhouhai , Wang Hong-Hui , Guan Ying 
Published: March 2024

AbstractNeurodegenerative diseases are significant global health challenges, particularly with an aging population. While tobacco is traditionally linked to health risks, recent studies suggest it may contain compounds beneficial for neurodegenerative conditions. Herein, we explore the potential of bioactive compounds in tobacco as neuroprotective agents for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Using genetic engineering, we developed a novel approach with neural progenitor cells (NPCs) derived from embryonic stem cells, equipped with an NF-κB reporter system to screen tobacco extracts. Our screenings identified three compounds with significant inhibitory effects on NF-κB activation, a key mediator of neuroinflammation in AD. Among these, rutin exhibited profound neuroprotective effects in an NPC damage model induced by Amyloid-β25-35, reducing apoptotic cell death, enhancing cellular proliferation, and activating critical survival signaling pathways. This modulation underlies rutin’s anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective activities. Together, our findings support the potential of tobacco-derived compounds in AD therapy and lay the foundation for further exploration of their pharmaceutical value.
The oligogenic structure of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis has genetic testing, counselling, and therapeutic implications
Authors: Iacoangeli Alfredo , Dilliott Allison A. , Al Khleifat Ahmad , Andersen Peter M , Başak Nazli A. , Cooper-Knock Johnathan , Corcia Philippe , Couratier Philippe , de Carvalho Mamede , Drory Vivian , Glass Jonathan D. , Gotkine Marc , Lerner Yossef , Hardiman Orla , Landers John E. , McLaughlin Russell , Mora Pardina Jesús S. , Morrison Karen E. , Pinto Susana , Povedano Monica , Shaw Christopher E. , Shaw Pamela J. , Silani Vincenzo , Ticozzi Nicola , Van Damme Philip , van den Berg Leonard H. , Vourc’h Patrick , Weber Markus , Veldink Jan H. ,   Project MinE ALS Sequencing Consortium, Dobson Richard JB , Rouleau Guy A. , Chalabi Ammar Al , Farhan Sali M.K. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractRecently, large-scale case-control analyses have been prioritized in the study of ALS. Yet the same effort has not been put forward to investigate additive moderate phenotypic effects of genetic variants in genes driving ALS risk, despite case-level evidence suggesting a potential oligogenic risk model. Considering its direct clinical and therapeutic implications, a large-scale robust investigation of oligogenicity in ALS is greatly needed.Here, we leveraged the Project MinE ALS Sequencing Consortium genome sequencing datasets of individuals with ALS (n = 6711) and controls (n = 2391) to identify signals of association between oligogenicity in known ALS genes (n=26) and disease risk, as well as clinical outcomes.Applying regression models to a discovery and replication cohort, we observed that the risk imparted from carrying rare variants in multiple known ALS genes was significant and was greater than the risk associated with carrying only a single rare variant, both in the presence and absence of variants in the most well-established ALS genes, such asC9orf72. However, in contrast to risk, the relationships between oligogenicity and ALS clinical outcomes, such as age of onset and survival, might not follow the same pattern as we did not observe any associations.Our findings represent the first large-scale, case-control assessment of oligogenic associations in ALS to date and confirm that oligogenic events involving known ALS risk genes are indeed relevant for the risk of disease in approximately 6% of ALS but not necessarily for disease onset and survival. This must be considered in genetic counselling and testing by ensuring the use of comprehensive gene panels even when a potential pathogenic variant has already been identified. Moreover, in the age of stratified medication and gene therapy, it supports the need of a complete genetic profile for the correct choice of therapy in all ALS patients.