bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polybenzimidazole nanofiltration hollow fiber for cephalexin separation
Authors: Wang Kai Yu , Chung Tai‐Shung 
Published: December 2005

AbstractMost conventional nanofiltration (NF) hollow‐fiber membranes are fabricated by means of multiple steps of posttreatments. Because of the unique amphoteric characteristics of the imidazole group in polybenzimidazole (PBI), a novel PBI NF hollow‐fiber membrane with appropriate charge characteristics has been fabricated by a one‐step phase‐inversion process without posttreatment. The resultant mechanically stable PBI membranes can withstand pressures up to 30 bars. It is found that the mean effective pore size decreases, whereas the pure water permeability increases with an increase in elongational draw ratio. The novel PBI NF hollow‐fiber membrane exhibits higher rejection to divalent cations, lower rejection to divalent anions, and the lowest rejection to monovalent ions at pH 7.0. Thus the divalent and monovalent ions of both NaCl/MgCl2 and NaCl/Na2SO4 binary salt solutions can be effectively fractionated by the PBI NF membrane arising from ion competition. The surface charge characteristics of the PBI NF membrane are strongly dependent on pH. Therefore, by adjusting the pH of cephalexin aqueous solution to modify the ionization states of these dipolar cephalexin molecules, PBI NF membranes show high separation effectiveness for the recovery of this antibiotic from solution over a wide range of pH values. © 2005 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2006
On the trail of pulmonary tuberculosis based on rib lesions: Results from the human identified skeletal collection from the Museu Bocage (Lisbon, Portugal)
Authors: Matos Vítor , Santos Ana Luísa 
Published: December 2005

AbstractIn the last 20 years, studies on human identified skeletal collections have revealed a significant relationship between new bone formation on the visceral surface of ribs and pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). To improve methods of differential diagnosis of respiratory diseases in archaeological skeletons, an investigation was conducted on 197 individuals from the Human Identified Skeletal Collection of the Museu Bocage (Lisbon, Portugal). This sample included 109 males and 88 females who lived during the 19th–20th centuries, with ages at death ranging from 13–88 years. The skeletons were grouped according to cause of death: 1) pulmonary TB (N = 84); 2) pulmonary non‐TB diseases (N = 49); and 3) a control group (N = 64) composed of individuals randomly selected among the extrapulmonary non‐TB causes of death. The ribs, sterna, scapulae, and clavicles were macroscopically observed. New bone formation on the visceral surface of ribs was recorded in 90.5% (76/84) of individuals who died from pulmonary TB, in 36.7% (18/49) with a pulmonary non‐TB disease as cause of death, and in 25.0% (16/64) of the control group. These differences were statistically significant (P < 0.001). Furthermore, in individuals with pulmonary TB, the bony lesions presented mainly as lamellar bone on the vertebral end of the upper and middle thoracic rib cage. Proliferative alterations also occurred on one sternum and in nine clavicles and eight scapulae. This work strongly supports the results of similar studies performed on other documented collections, suggesting that new bone formation on ribs, although not pathognomonic, is a useful criterion for the differential diagnosis of pulmonary TB. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cortical bone remodeling rates in a sample of African American and European American descent groups from the American Midwest: Comparisons of age and sex in ribs
Authors: Cho Helen , Stout Sam D. , Bishop Thomas A. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThis study employs regression analysis to explore population and sex differences in the pattern of age‐associated bone loss, as reflected by histomorphometric variables that are measures of intracortical and endocortical bone remodeling. A comparison of an African American sample from the Washington Park Cemetery in St. Louis, Missouri, and a European American rib sample composed of cadavers, autopsies, and forensic cases from Missouri reveals the existence of complex age‐associated patterns for differences in measures of intracortical remodeling and cortical area. Females from the two samples express similar bone dimensions and dynamics. The African American females appear to lose more bone than their male counterparts, but this difference is absent in the European American sample. When age‐associated patterns are considered, it is in the younger cohorts that African Americans exhibit greater relative cortical area than European Americans, but this is reversed in the older ages, when the latter group manifests greater bone mass. The European American males consistently differ in the slopes and intercepts for the variables compared to the other groups, and differences are highly significant with African American females, with the former group maintaining bone mass while the latter exhibit a more rapid bone loss. Achieving larger relative cortical area due to smaller endosteal area, coupled with better bone quality due to lower intracortical porosity early in life, may be a mechanism by which African Americans, especially females, maintain adequate bone mass in older ages, which buffers them from bone loss and related fragility fractures despite higher rates of intracortical remodeling and endosteal expansion later in life. These results suggest that both genetic and environmental factors are responsible for the differences in bone remodeling and bone mass observed between these samples. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Skin and hair pigmentation variation in Island Melanesia
Authors: Norton Heather L. , Friedlaender Jonathan S. , Merriwether D. Andrew , Koki George , Mgone Charles S. , Shriver Mark D. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractSkin and hair pigmentation are two of the most easily visible examples of human phenotypic variation. Selection‐based explanations for pigmentation variation in humans have focused on the relationship between melanin and ultraviolet radiation, which is largely dependent on latitude. In this study, skin and hair pigmentation were measured as the melanin (M) index, using narrow‐band reflectance spectroscopy for 1,135 individuals from Island Melanesia. Overall, the results show remarkable pigmentation variation, given the small geographic region surveyed. This variation is discussed in terms of differences between males and females, among islands, and among neighborhoods within those islands. The relationship of pigmentation to age, latitude, and longitude is also examined. We found that male skin pigmentation was significantly darker than females in 5 of 6 islands examined. Hair pigmentation showed a negative, but weak, correlation with age, while skin pigmentation showed a positive, but also weak, correlation with age. Skin and hair pigmentation varied significantly between islands as well as between neighborhoods within those islands. Bougainvilleans showed significantly darker skin than individuals from any other island considered, and are darker than a previously described African‐American population. These findings are discussed in relation to prevailing hypotheses about the role of natural selection in shaping pigmentation variation in the human species, as well as the role of demographic processes such as admixture and drift in Island Melanesia. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Neonatal porencephaly and adult stroke related to mutations in collagen IV A1
Authors: van der Knaap Marjo S. , Smit Leo M. E. , Barkhof Frederik , Pijnenburg Yolande A. L. , Zweegman Sonja , Niessen Hans W. M. , Imhof Saskia , Heutink Peter 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study was to describe leukoencephalopathy, lacunar infarcts, microbleeds and macrobleeds in the context of a collagen IV A1 mutation.MethodsWe examined a family with autosomal dominant porencephaly, in whom a defect in collagen IV A1 was detected recently. The patients underwent neurological, ophthalmological, and cardiological examinations and magnetic resonance imaging of the brain. Electron microscopy of a skin biopsy was performed. Extensive laboratory screening was performed for thrombophilia and increased bleeding tendency.ResultsThe porencephaly was symptomatic in the infantile period in two patients, whereas it led to only minor neurological dysfunction in their affected mother. However, she experienced development of recurrent strokes in her 40s. In addition to the porencephaly, all patients had a leukoencephalopathy, which was most severe in the mother. Her magnetic resonance imaging results also showed lacunar infarcts, macrobleeds and a multitude of microbleeds. No other risk factors for recurrent stroke were found. Electron microscopy showed interruptions of the basement membrane of skin capillaries and inhomogeneous thickening of the basement membrane with pools of basement membrane fragments.InterpretationLeukoencephalopathy, ischemic infarcts, microbleeds, and macrobleeds are indicative of an underlying microangiopathy, of which the best‐known causes are hypertension, cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy, and cerebral amyloid angiopathy. Mutations in collagen IV A1, a major component of the vascular basement membrane, appear to be another risk factor. Ann Neurol 2005
Subcomplexes of human ATP synthase mark mitochondrial biosynthesis disorders
Authors: Carrozzo Rosalba , Wittig Ilka , Santorelli Filippo M. , Bertini Enrico , Hofmann Sabine , Brandt Ulrich , Schägger Hermann 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjectiveMethods: We describe biochemically and clinically relevant aspects of mitochondrial ATP synthase, the enzyme that supplies most ATP for the cells energy demand.ResultsAnalyzing human Rho zero cells we could identify three subcomplexes of ATP synthase: F1 catalytic domain, F1 domain with bound natural IF1 inhibitor protein, and F1‐c subcomplex, an assembly of F1 domain and a ring of FO‐subunits c. Large amounts of F1 subcomplexes accumulated also in mitochondria of patients with specific mitochondrial disorders. By quantifying the F1 subcomplexes and other oxidative phosphorylation complexes in parallel, we were able to discriminate three classes of defects in mitochondrial biosynthesis, namely, mitochondrial DNA depletion, mitochondrial transfer RNA (tRNA) mutations, and mutations in the mitochondrial ATP6 gene.InterpretationThe relatively simple electrophoretic assay used here is a straightforward approach to differentiate between various types of genetic alterations affecting the biosynthesis of oxidative phosphorylation complexes and will be useful to guide molecular genetic diagnostics in the field of mitochondrial neuromuscular disorders. Ann Neurol 2006
Investigating oligonucleotide hybridization at subnanomolar level by surface plasmon resonance biosensor method
Authors: Vaisocherová Hana , Zítová Alice , Lachmanová Markéta , S̆tĕpánek Josef , Králíková S̆árka , Liboska Radek , Rejman Dominik , Rosenberg Ivan , Homola Jir̆í 
Published: December 2005

AbstractWe have optimized surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor technology for a rapid, direct, and low‐consumption label‐free multianalyte screening of synthetic oligonucleotides (ONs) with modified internucleotide linkages potentially applicable in antisense therapy. Monitoring of the ONs hybridization is based on the formation of complex between the natural oligonucleotide probe immobilized on the sensor surface and the ON in solution in contact with the sensor surface. An immobilization chemistry utilizing the streptavidin–biotin interaction was employed to obtain desired ligand density and high hybridization efficiency. It was demonstrated that the sensor is capable of detecting complementary 23‐mer ONs in concentrations as low as 0.1 nM with high specificity and reproducibility. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 82:394–398, 2006This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
Randomized clinical trial comparing laparoscopic and open surgery for colorectal cancer within an enhanced recovery programme
Authors: King P M , Blazeby J M , Ewings P , Franks P J , Longman R J , Kendrick A H , Kipling R M , Kennedy R H 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Background
Laparoscopic resection of colorectal cancer may improve short-term outcome without compromising long-term survival or disease control. Recent evidence suggests that the difference between laparoscopic and open surgery may be less significant when perioperative care is optimized within an enhanced recovery programme. This study compared short-term outcomes of laparoscopic and open resection of colorectal cancer within such a programme.

Methods
Between January 2002 and March 2004, 62 patients were randomized on a 2 : 1 basis to receive laparoscopic (n = 43) or open (n = 19) surgery. All were entered into an enhanced recovery programme. Length of hospital stay was the primary endpoint. Secondary outcomes of functional recovery, quality of life and cost were assessed for 3 months after surgery.

Results
Demographics of the two groups were similar. Length of hospital stay after laparoscopic resection was 32 (95 per cent confidence interval (c.i.) 7 to 51) per cent shorter than for open resection (P = 0·018). Combined hospital, convalescent and readmission stay was 37 (95 per cent c.i. 10 to 56) per cent shorter (P = 0·012). The relative risk of complications, quality of life results and cost data were similar in the two groups.

Conclusion
Despite perioperative optimization of open surgery for colorectal cancer, short-term outcomes were better following laparoscopic surgery. There was no deterioration in quality of life or increased cost associated with the laparoscopic approach.
Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Imines and Olefins Using Phosphine‐Oxazoline Iridium Complexes as Catalysts
Authors: Trifonova Anna , Diesen Jarle S. , Andersson Pher G. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractHerein we describe the synthesis of a new class of chiral phosphine‐oxazolines and their application as ligands in iridium‐catalyzed hydrogenations. Mechanistic aspects of olefin hydrogenation with this class of iridium catalysts are discussed and a selectivity model to help rationalize the results obtained is also presented.
Regulation of levels of actin threonine phosphorylation during life cycle of Physarum polycephalum
Authors: Shirai Yuki , Sasaki Narie , Kishi Yoshiro , Izumi Akiko , Itoh Kie , Sameshima Masazumi , Kobayashi Tetsuyuki , Murakami‐Murofushi Kimiko 
Published: December 2005

AbstractUnder various environmental stresses, the true slime mold Physarum polycephalum converts into dormant forms, such as microcysts, sclerotia, and spores, which can survive in adverse environments for a considerable period of time. In drought‐induced sclerotia, actin is threonine phosphorylated, which blocks its ability to polymerize into filaments. It is known that fragmin and actin‐fragmin kinase (AFK) mediate this phosphorylation event. In this work, we demonstrate that high levels of actin threonine phosphorylation are also found in other dormant cells, including microcysts and spores. As the threonine phosphorylation of actin in microcysts and sclerotia were induced by drought stress but not by other stresses, we suggest that drought stress is essential for actin phosphorylation in both cell types. Although characteristic filamentous actin structures (dot‐ or rod‐like structures) were observed in microcysts, sclerotia, and spores, actin phosphorylation was not required for the formation of these structures. Prior to the formation of both microcysts and sclerotia, AFK mRNA expression was activated transiently, whereas fragmin mRNA levels decreased. Our results suggest that drought stress and AFK might be involved in the threonine phosphorylation of actin. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Trafficking of macromolecules and organelles in cultured Dystonia musculorum sensory neurons is normal
Authors: Pool Madeline , Rippstein Peter , McBride Heidi , Kothary Rashmi 
Published: December 2005

AbstractDystonia musculorum (dt) mice suffer from a recessive neuropathy characterized by the progressive loss of sensory axons. The gene responsible for this disorder, dystonin/Bpag1, encodes several alternatively spliced forms of a cytoskeletal linker protein. Neural isoforms of dystonin/Bpag1 are predicted to link actin filaments to microtubules. Consistent with this, previous observations have demonstrated that the cytoskeleton within sensory neurites of dt mice is perturbed. Also, recent results have indicated that a neural isoform of dystonin/Bpag1 interacts with the dynein motor complex. Because microtubule organization and dynein motor function are essential for trafficking, we hypothesized that this process would be perturbed in dt sensory neurons. Here, we demonstrate that cultured primary dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons express dystonin/Bpag1 and that loss of this expression causes an increase in apoptosis and a decrease in average neurite length. In contrast, detailed examination showed that the organization of microtubules is indistinguishable in DRG neuronal cultures from neonatal dt and wild‐type mice. In addition, the steady‐state distribution of several molecules and organelles is unchanged in these cultures. Furthermore, the speeds of mitochondrial movement in both anterograde and retrograde directions were comparable in dt and wild‐type sensory neurons cultured from neonatal mice. Thus, dystonin/Bpag1 is not essential for microtubule network assembly since the microtubule network is intact in short‐term cultures of sensory neurons from neonatal mice lacking this protein. In addition, dystonin/Bpag1 is not an essential part of the dynein motor complex for mitochondrial transport since mitochondrial trafficking is normal in cultured sensory neurons from dt mice. J. Comp. Neurol. 494:549–558, 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pyramidal cells of the rat basolateral amygdala: Synaptology and innervation by parvalbumin‐immunoreactive interneurons
Authors: Muller Jay F. , Mascagni Franco , McDonald Alexander J. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe generation of emotional responses by the basolateral amygdala is determined largely by the balance of excitatory and inhibitory inputs to its principal neurons, the pyramidal cells. The activity of these neurons is tightly controlled by γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA)‐ergic interneurons, especially a parvalbumin‐positive (PV+) subpopulation that constitutes almost half of all interneurons in the basolateral amygdala. In the present semiquantitative investigation, we studied the incidence of synaptic inputs of PV+axon terminals onto pyramidal neurons in the rat basolateral nucleus (BLa). Pyramidal cells were identified by using calcium/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase II (CaMK) immunoreactivity as a marker. To appreciate the relative abundance of PV+inputs compared with excitatory inputs and other non‐PV+inhibitory inputs, we also analyzed the proportions of asymmetrical (presumed excitatory) synapses and symmetrical (presumed inhibitory) synapses formed by unlabeled axon terminals targeting pyramidal neurons. The results indicate that the perisomatic region of pyramidal cells is innervated almost entirely by symmetrical synapses, whereas the density of asymmetrical synapses increases as one proceeds from thicker proximal dendritic shafts to thinner distal dendritic shafts. The great majority of synapses with dendritic spines are asymmetrical. PV+axon terminals form mainly symmetrical synapses. These PV+synapses constitute slightly more than half of the symmetrical synapses formed with each postsynaptic compartment of BLa pyramidal cells. These data indicate that the synaptology of basolateral amygdalar pyramidal cells is remarkably similar to that of cortical pyramidal cells and that PV+interneurons provide a robust inhibition of both the perisomatic and the distal dendritic domains of these principal neurons. J. Comp. Neurol. 494:635–650, 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Developmental period for N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate (NMDA) receptor‐dependent synapse elimination correlated with visuotopic map refinement
Authors: Colonnese Matthew T. , Constantine‐Paton Martha 
Published: December 2005

AbstractDuring a short perinatal interval, N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor (NMDAR) function is essential to a process in which spontaneous retinal waves focus retinal axon arbors in the superficial layers of the rodent superior colliculus (sSC). Here we provide evidence that this NMDAR‐dependent axonal refinement occurs through elimination of uncorrelated retinal synapses arising from disparate loci, rather than stabilization of topographically appropriate inputs. The density of synaptic release sites within fluorescently labeled retinal terminals was counted in double‐labeling experiments using confocal microscopy and antibodies against synaptophysin or synapsin‐1. Chronic NMDAR blockade from birth increased retinal axon synapse density at postnatal days (P) 6, 8, and 10, suggesting that NMDAR currents reduce synapse density during the refinement period. With assay at P14, after focal arborization has been established, the effect disappeared. Conversely, chronic NMDA treatment, known to induce functional synaptic depression in the sSC, decreased retinocollicular synapse density at P14, but not earlier, during the refinement period (P8). Thus during the development of retinocollicular topographic order, there is a period when NMDAR activity predominantly eliminates retinal axon synapses. We were able to extend this period by using retinal lesions to reduce synaptic density in a defined zone. Synapse density on intact retinocollicular axons sprouting into this zone was increased by NMDAR blockade, even when examined at P14. Thus, the period of NMDAR‐dependent synaptic destabilization is terminated by a factor related to the density and refinement of retinal arbors. J. Comp. Neurol. 494:738–751, 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Calretinin immunoreactivity in the brain of the zebrafish, Danio rerio: Distribution and comparison with some neuropeptides and neurotransmitter‐synthesizing enzymes. II. Midbrain, hindbrain, and rostral spinal cord
Authors: Castro Antonio , Becerra Manuela , Manso María Jesús , Anadón Ramón 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe distribution of calretinin (CR) in the brainstem and rostral spinal cord of the adult zebrafish was studied by using immunocytochemical techniques. For analysis of some brainstem nuclei and regions, CR distribution was compared with that of complementary markers (choline acetyltransferase, glutamic acid decarboxylase, tyrosine hydroxylase, neuropeptide Y). The results reveal that CR is a marker of various neuronal populations distributed throughout the brainstem, including numerous cells in the optic tectum, torus semicircularis, secondary gustatory nucleus, reticular formation, somatomotor column, gustatory lobes, octavolateral area, and inferior olive, as well as of characteristic tracts of fibers and neuropil. These results indicate that CR may prove useful for characterizing a number of neuronal subpopulations in zebrafish. Comparison of the distribution of CR observed in the brainstem of zebrafish with that reported in an advanced teleost (the gray mullet) revealed a number of similarities, and also some interesting differences. Our results indicate that many brainstem neuronal populations have maintained the CR phenotype in widely divergent teleost lines, so CR studies may prove very useful for comparative analysis. J. Comp. Neurol. 494:792–814, 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.