bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lectotypification of Capparis baducca L. (Capparaceae)
Authors: Prado D. E. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryPrado, D. E.: Lectotypification of Capparis baducca L. (Capparaceae). – Taxon 42: 655–660. 1993. ‐ISSN 0040‐0262.The lectotype of Capparis baducca L. is designated from the Clifford Herbarium (BM), fixing the application of the name on the neotropical element also known as C. frondosa Jacq.
Report of the Committee for Bryophyta: 2
Authors: Zijlstra Gea 
Published: April 2006

SummaryZijlstra, G.: Report of the Committee for Bryophyta: 2. – Taxon 42: 683–686. 1993. – ISSN 0040‐0262.Recommendations are made for amending entries for two already conserved names, one a moss and one a hepatic. Eleven published proposals to conserve and/or reject names were considered, eight are recommended and three are not. Of the eleven names, eight are mosses, two are hepatics and one is a spermatophyte.
Some notes on the sectional nomenclature of Geranium (Geraniaceae)
Authors: Aedo Carlos , Garmendia Félix Muñoz 
Published: April 2006

SummaryAedo, C. & Muñoz Garmendia, F.: Some notes on the sectional nomenclature of Geranium (Geraniaceae). – Taxon 45: 104‐106. 1996. – ISSN 0040‐0262:Geranium rotundifolium is designated as type of G. sect. Trygonium Dumort. and G. sylvaticum as type of G. sect. Batrachia Murray. Boissier's unranked names of subdivisions of genera are considered as basionyms of Reiche's sectional names.
Lectotypification of some names in Jovibarba and Sempervivum (Crassulaceae)
Authors: Letz Roman , Marhold Karol 
Published: April 2006

SummaryLetz, R. & Marhold, K.: Lectotypification of some names in Jovibarba and Sempervivum (Crassulaceae). – Taxon 45: 111‐116. 1996. – ISSN 0040‐0262.Lectotypes are designated for four Linnaean names for taxa belonging at present to the genera Jovibarba and Sempervivum: S. globiferum (≡ J. globifera), S. hirtum (≡ J. globifera subsp. hirta), S. arachnoideum, and S. montanum. In addition, epitypes are designated for S. arachnoideum and S. montanum as well as a lectotype for S. soboliferum Sims, a synonym of J. globifera.
COMPARISON OF THE EFFECTS OF A MICROWAVE DRYING METHOD TO CURRENTLY USED METHODS ON THE RETENTION OF MORPHOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL LEAF CHARACTERS IN NICOTIANA TABACUM L. CV SAMSUN
Authors: Jacquin‐Dubreuil Annie , Breda Colette , Lescot‐Layer Michelle , Allorge‐Boiteau Lucile 
Published: April 2006

SummaryLeaves of Nicotiana tabacum L. cv Samsun were selected because of the volatile nature of their active principle, nicotine. They were dried by four different methods: air‐dried, oven‐dried at 60°C, freeze‐dried, and dried in a microwave oven. The four samples of dried leaves were compared as to their microscopical characters and alkaloid content. After drying by microwaves, it remained possible to identify the leaves by their botanical characteristics. Their alkaloid content was qualitatively unchanged and quantitatively slightly superior to that of leaves dried by the other methods.
The identity of Echinopsis pygmaea R. E. Fr. (Cactaceae)
Authors: Hjertson Mats L. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryHjertson, M. L.: The identity of Echinopsis pygmaea R. E. Fr. (Cactaceae). – Taxon 43: 455‐457. 1994. – ISSN 0040‐0262.The protologue of Echinopsis pygmaea R. E. Fr. is based on two elements belonging to two taxa. A lectotype is selected to maintain current usage of the name. Rebutia haagei Frič & Schelle is considered to be a synonym of E. pygmaea.
Names validated in Rottler's “Botanical Observations” of 1803
Authors: Nicolson Dan H. , Daniel P. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryDaniel, P.: Names validated in Rottler's “Botanical Observations” of 1803. ‐ Taxon 40: 605–611. 1991. ‐ ISSN 0040‐0262.Rottler travelled widely and collected extensively in peninsular India. His publication of 1803, with added remarks by Willdenow, is cited in floras pertaining to India and the adjoining regions. Rottler and Willdenow validated names of 2 and 1 new genus, and 47 and 21 new species, respectively, in this paper. Most authors have not seen this work and errors, such as wrong attribution of authors, overlooked priority, ignored valid names, are frequently repeated. Below, Rottler's and Willdenow's names are listed separately after a discussion. Types of many of these names are in the Willdenow Herbarium in Berlin (B‐W).
Polygala calcarea subsp. somedana (Laínz) A. Penas (Polygalaceae), a new combination
Authors: Penas A. , García M. E. , Acedo C. , Herrero L. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryPenas, A., García, M. E., Acedo, C. & Herrero, L.: Polygala calcarea subsp. somedana (Laínz) A. Penas (Polygalaceae), a new combination. ‐ Taxon 40: 615. 1991. ‐ ISSN 0040‐0262.Polygala alpina subsp. somedana Laínz was described as an endemic taxon of the Cantabrian mountains (N. Spain). Recent studies demonstrate, that it belongs to P. calcarea F. W. Schultz rather than to P. alpina (DC.) Steudel. The required new combination is validated.
The alternative names of the type of Plagiopteron (Plagiopteraceae)
Authors: Daniel P. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryDaniel, P.: The alternative names of the type of Plagiopteron (Plagiopteraceae). ‐ Taxon 40: 619 ‐ 620. 1991. ‐ ISSN 0040‐0262.Both Plagiopteron suaveolens Griffith and P. fragrans Griffith, simultaneously validly published, are in use. The former is correct.
Lectotypification of Periploca secamone and Secamone thunbergii (Asclepiadaceae)
Authors: Goyder D. J. , Singh N. P. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryGoyder, D. J. & Singh, N. P.: Lectotypification of Periploca secamone and Secamone thunbergii (Asclepiadaceae). ‐ Taxon 40: 629–630. 1991. ‐ ISSN 0040‐0262.Periploca secamone L. and Secamone thunbergii E. Meyer, here first lectotypified, are synonyms of Secamone alpini Schultes.
Hibiscus hispidissimus, the correct name for H. furcatus DC non Willd. and H. aculeatus Roxb. non Walter (Malvaceae)
Authors: Pradeep A. K. , Sivarajan V. V. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryPradeep, A. K. & Sivarajan, V. V.: Hibiscus hispidissimus, the correct name for H. furcatus DC. non Willd. and H. aculeatus Roxb. non Walter (Malvaceae). ‐ Taxon 40: 634–637. 1991. ‐ ISSN 0040‐0262.Hibiscus furcatus Roxb. ex DC. and H. aculeatus Roxb. are illegitimate later homonyms of H. furcatus Willd. and H. aculeatus Walter, respectively. The earliest available name for the common Indian taxon to which they pertain is H. hispidissimus Griffith.
Multiple uses for computer‐stored taxonomic descriptions: keys for Veracruz
Authors: Allkin R. , Moreno N. P. , Campillo L. Gama , Mejia T. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryAllkin, R., Moreno, N. P., Gama Campillo, L. & Mejia, T.: Multiple uses for computer‐stored taxonomic descriptions: keys for Veracruz. — Taxon 41: 413–435. 1992. — ISSN 0040‐0262.Renewed enthusiasm for databases containing descriptive information about species, and taxa at other levels, is based upon two assumptions: (1) that computers increase our efficiency in managing data and (2) that the descriptions, once stored, will serve diverse purposes. These assumptions are examined in the light of ten years of practical datamanagement. Descriptions based on 118 characters were compiled for Angiosperm families, subfamilies, tribes or genera represented in Veracruz, Mexico. Keys including various printed dichotomous keys, a polyclave and diagnostic descriptions were produced in English and Spanish. An interactive computer program for specimen identification proved particularly useful and enabled students to explore family delimitations. For critical or fragmentary material, identification based on simultaneous use of all available characters, though more laborious, gave better results. Existing software was modified for ease of use and for Spanish speakers. Since the first version of the data set was completed, nine years ago, the data have undergone slow but significant development: errors have been corrected, characters added, descriptions refined, and families further subdivided. These changes have improved the precision and the efficiency of identification. As the data set evolves, new keys are written to serve applied scientists and botanists working in Veracruz. Development costs were due largely to lack of suitable data management software. Major benefits include (1) the production of keys tailored for particular users from the outset, (2) the easy replacement of keys as the data improve, and (3) collation of a data set of quality which will be of continuing future use. Minor modifications of the character definitions were recognised for diverse diagnostic purposes but proved unsatisfactory for description writing and classification. These findings are of significance to those planning descriptive biological database projects elsewhere.
Visual identification of forest‐tree clones by using Chernoff's faces
Authors: Camussi A. , Raddi Sabrina , Raddi P. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryCamussi, A., Raddi, S. & Raddi, P.: Visual identification of forest‐tree clones by using Chernoff's faces. — Taxon 41: 451–458. 1992. — ISSN 0040‐0262.The use of an iconic representation of many traits for the description and classification of forest tree clones is suggested. Among the kinds of icons available, the cartoon‐like representation known as Chernoff's faces was chosen. This graphic technique has proved to be effective for discriminating among 50 clones of common cypress selected for resistance to canker. As descriptors, besides morphological characteristics, the content of five monoterpenes and the polymorphism of six isozymatic loci were considered.
Nomenclatural notes on Apicra jacobseniana (Asphodelaceae: Alooideae)
Authors: Smith Gideon F. 
Published: April 2006

SummarySmith, G. F.: Nomenclatural notes on Apicra jacobseniana (Asphodelaceae: Alooideae). — Taxon 41: 534–536. 1992. — ISSN 0040‐0262.The nomenclature of many alooid genera is highly problematical. The present note, which originated in the context of a taxonomic study of the southern African genus Poellnitzia Uitewaal, resolves a complex nomenclatural problem with respect to Apicra jacobseniana Poellnitz. It is shown that this species name was published validly by Poellnitz and not Uitewaal, and that it has been combined validly at varietal rank under P. rubriflora (L. Bolus) Uitewaal but not under Haworthia rubriflora (L. Bolus) Parr.
Knebel's “Phyllokakteen” and two nothogeneric names
Authors: Heath P. V. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryHeath, P. V.: Knebel's “Phyllokakteen” and two nothogeneric names. — Taxon 41: 546–547. 1992. — ISSN 0040‐0262.The dates of publication of the English and German editions of Knebel's “Phyllokakteen” are ascertained. Valid publication of x Aporodisocactus Knebel and x Aporoheliocereus Knebel is confirmed.
Lectotypification of five Linnaean species of Tragopogon L. (Compositae)
Authors: de la Guardia C. Díaz , Bianca G. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryDíaz de la Guardia, C. & Bianca, G.: Lectotypification of five Linnaean species of Tragopogon L. (Compositae). — Taxon 41: 548–551. 1992. — ISSN 0040‐0262.Lectotypes are designated for Tragopogon pratensis L., T. orientalis L., T. porrifolius L., T. crocifolius L. and T. villosus L. The latter is considered to be a name of uncertain application, at least as far as the Iberian Peninsula is concerned.
Typification of the names of New World mistletoe taxa (Loranthaceae and Viscaceae) described by Martius and Eichler
Authors: Kuijt Job 
Published: April 2006

SummaryKuijt, J.: Typification of the names of New World mistletoe taxa (Loranthaceae and Viscaceae) described by Martius and Eichler. – Taxon 43: 187‐199. 1994. – ISSN 0040‐0262.Typifications are provided for the names of new taxa of Loranthaceae and Viscaceae published by C. F. P. von Martius and A. W. Eichler between 1829 and 1868, mostly from Latin America. Three new combinations (one in Dendrophthora, two in Phthirusa) are made.
Report of the Committee for Bryophyta: 3
Authors: Zijlstra Gea 
Published: April 2006

SummaryZijlstra, G.: Report of the Committee for Bryophyta: 3. – Taxon 43: 269. 1994. – ISSN 0040‐0262.The Committee for Bryophyta considered and recommends one proposal, to conserve Riccia (Hepaticae) with a conserved type.
L'Herbier de l'Université Louis‐Pasteur de Strasbourg (STR)
Authors: Hoff Michel , Gradstein S. Rob 
Published: April 2006

RésuméHoff, M. & Gradstein, S. R.: L'Herbier de l'Université Louis‐Pasteur de Strasbourg (STR). ‐ Taxon 40: 89–91. 1991. ‐ ISSN 0040‐0262.Présentation des collections de L'Herbier de l'Université Louis‐Pasteur de Strasbourg (STR) et de leur intérêt.
Durotrigia filapicata, comb. nov. for Gonyaulacysta filapicata (Fossil Pyrrhophyta: Dinophyceae)
Authors: Riding James B. , Bailey David A. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryRiding, J. B. & Bailey, D. A.: Durotrigia filapicata, comb. nov. for Gonyaulacysta filapicata (Fossil Pyrrhophyta: Dinophyceae). ‐ Taxon 40: 100–102. 1991. ‐ ISSN 0040‐0262.The fossil dinoflagellate cyst Gonyaulacysta filapicata Gocht has a variable precingular archaeopyle, type 1P to 5P, and a gonyaulacacean paratabulation with two small dorsal anterior intercalary paraplates. It is thus more appropriately placed in Durotrigia Bailey, and this transfer is effected herein.
SEQUENTIAL PAEDOMORPHOSIS AMONG THE ENDEMIC HAWAIIAN LOBELIOIDEAE (CAMPANULACEAE)
Authors: Lammers Thomas G. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryRecently, attention has been focused on the evolutionary role of heterochrony (phyletic change in the timing of development). Heterochrony results in the condition of paedomorphosis, the retention of juvenile features of an ancestor in adults of a descendent. Relatively few examples of evolution via heterochrony are known among flowering plants, due to the vague demarcation of juvenile and adult stages. Recent systematic studies among the endemic Hawaiian Lobelioideae (Campanulaceae) have revealed the occurrence of a significant example. The endemic genus Cyanea includes several species that produce morphologically distinct juvenile forms. The four species of the C. solanacea complex form a monophyletic lineage in which the adults of each species resemble juveniles of the next more primitive species, i.e., adults of the more derived species are progressively more juvenile in appearance. It is hypothesized that the C. solanacea complex is a paedomorphic lineage, in which successive heterochronic events have produced a sequence of progressively more paedomorphic species.
A NEW DOCUMENTATION TECHNIQUE
Authors: Melzheimer Volker 
Published: April 2006

SummaryA new, more advanced technique of preserving and documenting whole flower preparations from herbarium specimens utilizing a transparent supporting material is described. This technique offers two major advantages. First, the preparation leads to excellent preservation of the specimen even after many decades. Second, the preparation can be used to directly produce high quality photographs of even the most delicate of floral characters including floral vasculature.
LECTOTYPIFICATION OF RIGODIUM KUNZE EX SCHWAEGR. (MUSCI)
Authors: Zomlefer Wendy B. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryRigodium Kunze ex Schwaegr. is lectotypified on Poeppig s.n., 1828 from Monte Antuco, Chile (BM!), the type of R. implexum. This specimen is very likely part of the original material examined by Schwägrichen and Kunze according to accounts by Müller (1845, 1851). Additionally, Müller's (1845) description of Hypnum implexum, cited in Index Muscorum (1964) as a later homonym, actually represents a transfer of this epithet.
On the separation of two species within Festuca subg. Obtusae (Poaceae)
Authors: Aiken Susan G. , Lefkovitch Leonard P. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryAiken, S. G. & Lefkovitch, L. P.: On the separation of two species within Festuca subg. Obtusae (Poaceae). — Taxon 42: 323–337. 1993. — ISSN 0040–0262.Festuca subg. Obtusae, a distinct group among Festuca in North America, contains two species: F. paradoxa Desv. and F. subverticillata (Pers.) E. B. Alexeev. The suggestion that the two may not be specifically distinct might be made because three characters traditionally used for separating them are more phenotypically plastic than previously recorded (inflorescence branch length, number of spikelets per branch, and spikelet width). However, where both species are sympatric they remain distinct. Evidence that they may occasionally hybridise is limited and inconclusive. An extensive statistical analysis has demonstrated that the shape of mature inflorescences, the arrangement of spikelets on inflorescence branches, the shape of the spikelets in bud, and often the length of the upper glume relative to the length of the first lemma, are characteristic of each species.
Types of names of New World Malvaceae of Lagasca, Ortega, and Sessé & Mociño
Authors: Fuertes Javier , Fryxell Paul A. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryFuertes, J. & Fryxell, P. A.: Types of names of New World Malvaceae of Lagasca, Ortega, and Sessé & Mociño. — Taxon 42: 345–354. 1993. — ISSN 0040–0262.
The identity of Tetragonia horrida Britton
Authors: Gereau Roy E. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryGereau, R. E.: The identity of Tetragonia horrida Britton. — Taxon 42: 411–412. 1993. — ISSN 0040–0262.Tetragonia horrida Britton, formerly placed in Aizoaceae, is a synonym of Sclerophylax spinescens Miers (Solanaceae/Sclerophylacaceae).
General Committee Report 5
Authors: Nicolson Dan H. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryNicolson, D. H.: General Committee Report 5. — Taxon 42: 431–434. 1993. — ISSN 0040–0262.The General Commitee approves proposals recommended by the Fungi and Lichens Committee Report 2; reconfirms conservation of two names left out of the last Code; and reviews the status of eleven prior General Committee nonbinding decisions on confusability of similar names.
(1071) Proposal to change the conserved type of Cactaceae, nom. cons., and the entries of the conserved names Mammillaria and Melocactus
Authors: Mottram Roy 
Published: April 2006

SummaryMottram, R.: (1071) Proposal to change the conserved type of Cactaceae, nom. cons., and the entries of the conserved names Mammillaria and Melocactus. — Taxon 42: 457–464. 1993. ‐ISSN 0040–0262.It is considered that the presently accepted type of Cactus, C. mammillaris, was an unsuitable choice, arbitrarily selected without due regard for the usage at the time of Linnaeus and for at least 150 years post‐Linnaeus. It is proposed that the type of Cactus be Cactus melocactus Linnaeus (Melocactus communis). To achieve this, the family name Cactaceae, already conserved, must be listed with a different conserved type.
Erigeron carolinianus L., an earlier name for Euthamnia (Solidago) tenuifolia (Pursh) E. Greene (Asteraceae)
Authors: Reveal James L. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryReveal, J. L.: Erigeron carolinianus L., an earlier name for Euthamnia (Solidago) tenuifolia (Pursh) E. Greene (Asteraceae). ‐ Taxon 40: 505–508. 1991. ‐ ISSN 0040‐0262.Linnaeus based Erigeron carolinianus on a Dillenian illustration drawn from deformed, greenhouse‐grown plants of Euthamia (Solidago) tenuifolia (Pursh) E. Greene. Although the Linnaean name has been ignored because it was based on a monstrosity, the name cannot be rejected (Art. 69.1) because it has not been widely or persistently used for a taxon not including its type. Accordingly, Solidago caroliniana (L.) Britton & al. or Euthamia caroliniana (L.) E. Greene ex Porter & Britton must be taken up for this common eastern North American species of bushy golden‐rod.
The uses of botany, with special reference to the 18th century
Authors: Stern William Louis 
Published: April 2006

SummaryStem, W. L.: The uses of botany, with special reference to the 18th century. – Taxon 42: 773‐779. 1993.– ISSN 0040‐0262.A 1991 symposium at the William Andrews Clark Memorial Library, Los Angeles, held in part to explore ‘the uses of botany’ in the 18th century, left the audience with a mistaken, frivolous impression of the botany of the time. The present article seeks to present 18th‐century botany as a serious science devoted to an understanding of plant structure, classification, and nomenclature and to the utilization of botanical products for the improvement of humankind. Examples of the thoughtful botanical endeavors of the time are taken from the activities of Linnaeus, Solander, Banks, and Goethe.
The automatic synthesis of descriptive data using the taxonomic hierarchy
Authors: Maxted Nigel , White Richard J. , Allkin Robert 
Published: April 2006

SummaryMaxted, N., White, R. J. & Allkin, R.: The automatic synthesis of descriptive data using the taxonomic hierarchy. ‐ Taxon 42: 51‐62. 1993. ‐ ISSN 0040‐0262.Descriptive data about taxa at one level of the taxonomic hierarchy may be inferred from representative data referable to another level. The process is bi‐directional. Data agglomeration enables taxon characteristics to be derived from the characteristics of a subordinate level and data propagation enables taxon characteristics to be derived from the characteristics of a superior taxonomic level. This applies to any form of descriptive taxonomic data (e.g. morphological, cytological, distributional, uses, etc.) and at all levels of the taxonomic hierarchy. Examples taken from a revision for the production of DELTA format descriptions and distribution data are discussed. The major advantages of implementing these processes in a database system are: products and queries are based directly on representative data; they can be derived automatically from the data set without the necessary intervention of a taxonomist; less work is required to synthesize products or answer queries; there is greater guarantee of database integrity; data redundancy is reduced and thus storage space is conserved. The use of these processes should play a central part in any development of taxonomically intelligent database management systems.
VIDEO FLORAS: A NEW TOOL FOR SYSTEMATIC BOTANY
Authors: Gómez‐Pompa Arturo , Plummer Orlay Edward 
Published: April 2006

SummaryInteractive videodisc information systems are explored as a format for the publication of floras. Images (drawings, photographs, etc.) are very useful in the important task of plant identification. The enormous image storage space and the random access capacity of videodiscs coupled with the information management capacity of personal computers can be an effective and cost‐efficient tool for addressing the botanical information needs of botanists as well as interested non‐botanists. Especially such systems would be helpful in the informational tasks involved in preserving the threatened biodiversity of the world's plants.
Classification of evolutionary groups with uneven samplings and patchy extinctions
Authors: Hall A. V. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryHall, A. V.: Classification of evolutionary groups with uneven samplings and patchy extinctions. – Taxon 44: 319‐332. 1995. – ISSN 0040‐0262.Classifications made by the powerful human grouping instinct are dilated (swollen out, enlarged) around any groups that are probably incomplete for some reason. For example, evidence may suggest that some taxa of a group may have been poorly sampled by collectors. Some small groups may be important remnants of major fossil taxa or may have undiscovered allies. Dilating classifications around such incomplete groups may raise them to higher, more appropriate ranks. Dilation control is rarely provided in computer programs. The Uniter program lets the user give more dilation around the smaller clusters. It does so more for the later‐linking clusters, based on an assumption that these are more likely to have missing allies. For clusters of various sizes, the user can control their individual prominence or concealment. Methods are compared and discussed with examples. It is concluded that controlled dilation is essential for the high resolving power one expects to find in computer based classifications of evolutionary groups.
Validation of the name Stichosiphon mangle (Chroococcales, Cyanophyta)
Authors: Branco Luis Henrique Z. , Silva Simone Maria F. , Sant'Anna Célia Leite 
Published: April 2006

SummaryBranco, L. H. Z., Silva, S. M. F. & Sant' Anna, C. L.: Validation of the name Stichosiphon mangle (Chroococcales, Cyanophyta). –Taxon 44: 393. 1995. – ISSN 0040‐0262.The previously but not validly published name Stichosiphon mangle is validated by designation of a type.