bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Complications in Multilevel Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion Using Osteobiologics Other than Bone Morphogenetic Protein: A Systematic Review
Authors: Cabrera Juan P. , Agarwal Neha , Mesregah Mohamed Kamal , Rodrigues-Pinto Ricardo , Wu Yabin , Martin Christopher , Buser Zorica , Wang Jeffrey C. , Meisel Hans Jörg ,   the AO Spine Knowledge Forum Degenerative
Published: February 2024

Study design Systematic review. Objectives The aim of this study is to analyze the complications related to multilevel anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) using osteobiologics other than bone morphogenetic protein (BMP). Methods A systematic review of the literature was conducted using PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov databases. The search to identify studies reporting complications in multilevel ACDF surgery using osteobiologics other than bone morphogenetic protein was performed in August 2020. The study was reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA). Results A total of 584 articles were found after searching the databases and removing duplicates. Next, screening was performed in a double reviewer process, and 153 eligible articles—with 4 retrospective studies—in full-text were selected; these met all inclusion criteria. A total of 197 patients received 3-level ACDF, while 72 patients received 4-level ACDF. Osteobiologics were used in all selected articles, allograft was used in 4 studies, autologous bone graft was utilized in 3 articles, and hydroxyapatite was used in 1 article. The main complications reported were dysphagia, adjacent segment disease, and pseudarthrosis. Conclusions Given the limited evidence, no conclusions on complications in multilevel ACDF using osteobiologics other than BMP could be made. However, descriptively, the most common complications found were dysphagia, adjacent segment disease, and pseudoarthrosis. Further prospective studies separately analyzing complications in multilevel ACDF by osteobiologics and a number of treated levels are needed.
Structural Allograft Versus Mechanical Interbody Devices Augmented With Osteobiologics in Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion: A Systematic Review
Authors: Jain Amit , Dhanjani Suraj , Harris Andrew , Cartagena Miguel , Babu Jacob , Riew Daniel , Shin John , Wang Jeffrey C. , Yoon S. Tim , Buser Zorica , Meisel Hans Jörg ,   AO Spine Knowledge Forum Degenerative
Published: February 2024

Study Design Systematic Literature Review Objective Perform a systematic review evaluating postoperative fusion rates for anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) using structural allograft vs various interbody devices augmented with different osteobiologic materials. Methods Comprehensive literature search using PubMed, Embase, The Cochrane Library, and Web of Science was performed. Included studies were those that reported results of 1–4 levels ACDF using pure structural allograft compared with a mechanical interbody device augmented with an osteobiologic. Excluded studies were those that reported on ACDF with cervical corpectomy; anterior and posterior cervical fusions; circumferential (360° or 540°) fusion or revision ACDF for nonunion or other conditions. Risk of bias was determined using the Cochrane review guidelines. Results 8 articles reporting fusion rates of structural allograft and an interbody device/osteobiologic pair were included. All included studies compared fusion rates following ACDF among structural allograft vs non-allograft interbody device/osteobiologic pairs. Fusion rates were reported between 84% and 100% for structural allograft, while fusion rates for various interbody device/osteobiologic combinations ranged from 26% to 100%. Among non-allograft cage groups fusion rates varied from 73-100%. One study found PEEK cages filled with combinations of autograft, allograft, and demineralized bone matrix (DBM) to have an overall fusion rate of 26%. In one study comparing plate and zero-profile constructs, there was no difference in fusion rates for two-level fusions. Conclusion There was limited data comparing fusion outcomes of patients undergoing ACDF using structural allograft vs interbody devices augmented with osteobiologic materials to support superiority of one method.
Do Osteobiologics Augment Fusion in Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion Surgery Performed With Mechanical Interbody Devices (Polyether ether ketone, Carbon Fiber, Metal Cages) and is the Fusion Rate Comparable to that With Autograft? A Systematic Review
Authors: Arun-Kumar Viswanadha , Corluka Stipe , Buser Zorica , Wu Yabin , El-Sharkawi Mohammad , Carazzo Charles André , Ponugoti Nikhil , Wang Jeffrey C. , Meisel Hans Jörg ,   AO Spine Knowledge Forum Degenerative
Published: February 2024

Study design Systematic Review of the Literature. Objective The purpose of this study was to perform a systematic review describing fusion rates for anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) using autograft vs various interbody devices augmented with different osteobiologic materials. Methods A systematic review limited to the English language was performed in Medline, Embase and Cochrane library using Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) terms. Studies that evaluated fusion after ACDF using autografts and osteobiologics combined with PEEK, carbon fibre, or metal cages were searched for. Articles in full text that met the criteria were included in the review. The main outcomes evaluated were the time taken to merge, the definition of the fusion assessment, and the modality of the fusion assessment. The risk of bias of each article was assessed by the MINORS score or ROB 2.0 depending on the randomisation process. Results The total number of references reviewed was six hundred and eighty-two. After applying the inclusion criteria, 54 were selected for the retrieval of the full text. Eight studies were selected and included for final analysis in this study. Fusion rates were reported between 83.3% and 100% for autograft groups compared to 46.5% and 100% for various interbody device/osteobiological combinations. The overall quality of the evidence in all radiographic fusion studies was considered insufficient due to a serious risk of bias. Conclusion Mechanical interbody devices augmented with osteobiologics performed similarly to autografts in terms of reliability and efficacy. Their time to fusion and fusion rate were comparable to autografts at the end of the final follow-up.
Fostering Students’ Personal and Professional Growth: Responding to Error During the Internal Medicine Clerkship
Authors: Schmude Michelle , Adonizio Tanja , Ellison Halle B , Shoemaker Margrit 
Published: February 2024

OBJECTIVES Developing professionalism is critical to medical education; accordingly, professionalism curricula may be implemented longitudinally throughout undergraduate medical education. Here we share our experiences addressing student response to medical error as a component of professionalism education during the core clerkship year. METHODS This pretest–posttest study reports medical students’ knowledge regarding learning and growing in response to medical error. Students complete an online module, Beyond Recovery: Learning and Growing in the Wake of an Error, during the Internal Medicine Clerkship. We analyzed matched pre- and posttest responses using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. RESULTS Pre- and posttest queries addressed 5 key elements during clinician assessment of medical error: self-expectations of perfection, long-term guilt following an error, likelihood of leaving the medical profession following an error, ability to address error with patients and families, and ability to grow in response to medical error. Results indicate students felt significantly more comfortable after completing the module in key components of managing emotions and responses in the wake of an error. CONCLUSION Benefits observed in medical students’ perspectives include improved ability to move forward following medical error, ability to engage with affected patients and families, and capacity to learn from mistakes. Despite these positives, students’ high self-expectations of perfectionism were unchanged.
Assessing hand and global disability in a cohort of Algerian patients with systemic sclerosis: Construct validities of the Arab Hand Function Index and the Arabic Health Assessment Questionnaire
Authors: Benmostefa Nouria , Malek Rachid , Robert Marie , Chaigne Benjamin , Slimani Samy , Rouabhia Samir , Roula Daoud , Djamel Mallem , Mouthon Luc 
Published: February 2024

Objective: The study aimed to assess the construct validity of the Arab Hand Function Index and the Arabic Health Assessment Questionnaire in Algerian patients with systemic sclerosis. Methods: Consecutive Algerian patients who fulfilled the American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism criteria for systemic sclerosis were included. In addition to disease characteristics, global disability and hand disability were assessed using the Arabic Health Assessment Questionnaire and the Arab Hand Function Index, respectively. Construct validity was assessed by convergent and divergent validity (Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient) and factor analysis. The scale reliability was assessed using the Cronbach’s alpha. Results: We evaluated 100 systemic sclerosis patients (83 females) of mean ± standard deviation age 46.7 ± 12.3 years, including 59 limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis and 41 diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis. Raynaud’s phenomenon was detected in 99 patients and digital ulcers in 25. Gastrointestinal tract involvement and interstitial lung disease were detected in 86/100 (86%) and 46/72 (63.9%) patients, respectively. Anti-topoisomerase I and anti-centromere antibodies were detected in 33/76 (43.4%) and 23/76 (30.3%) patients, respectively. The Arab Hand Function Index had a good construct validity with a total score explaining 61% of the variance of the Arabic Health Assessment Questionnaire which also had a good construct validity. Factor analysis of the Arab Hand Function Index and the Arabic Health Assessment Questionnaire items extracted two factors explaining 64% of the variance for the Arab Hand Function Index and one factor explaining 55% of the variance for the Arabic Health Assessment Questionnaire. The Arab Hand Function Index and the Arabic Health Assessment Questionnaire were reliable questionnaires with a Cronbach’s alpha >0.8. Conclusion: In Algerian patients with systemic sclerosis, Arab Hand Function Index and Arabic Health Assessment Questionnaire have a good construct validity and reliability.
Proteomic analysis of breast cancer based on immune subtypes
Authors: Jeon Yeonjin , Lee GunHee , Jeong Hwangkyo , Gong Gyungyub , Kim JiSun , Kim Kyunggon , Jeong Jae Ho , Lee Hee Jin 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Immunotherapy is applied to breast cancer to resolve the limitations of survival gain in existing treatment modalities. With immunotherapy, a tumor can be classified into immune-inflamed, excluded and desert based on the distribution of immune cells. We assessed the clinicopathological features, each subtype’s prognostic value and differentially expressed proteins between immune subtypes.

Methods
Immune subtyping and proteomic analysis were performed on 56 breast cancer cases with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The immune subtyping was based on the level of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and Klintrup criteria. If the level of TILs was ≥ 10%, it was classified as immune-inflamed type without consideration of the Klintrup criteria. In cases of 1–9% TIL, Klintrup criteria 1–3 were classified as the immune-excluded subtype and Klintrup criteria not available (NA) was classified as NA. Cases of 1% TILs and Klintrup 0 were classified as the immune-desert subtype. Mass spectrometry was used to identify differentially expressed proteins in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded biopsy tissues.

Results
Of the 56 cases, 31 (55%) were immune-inflamed, 21 (38%) were immune-excluded, 2 (4%) were immune-desert and 2 (4%) were NA. Welch’s t-test revealed two differentially expressed proteins between immune-inflamed and immune-excluded/desert subtypes. Coronin-1A was upregulated in immune-inflamed tumors (adjusted p = 0.008) and α-1-antitrypsin was upregulated in immune-excluded/desert tumors (adjusted p = 0.008). Titin was upregulated in pathologic complete response (pCR) than non-pCR among immune-inflamed tumors (adjusted p = 0.036).

Conclusions
Coronin-1A and α-1-antitrypsin were upregulated in immune-inflamed and immune-excluded/desert subtypes, respectively. Titin's elevated expression in pCR within the immune-inflamed subtype may indicate a favorable prognosis. Further studies involving large representative cohorts are necessary to validate these findings.
JMJD3 regulate H3K27me3 modification via interacting directly with TET1 to affect spermatogonia self-renewal and proliferation
Authors: Wang Jin , Liu Lingling , Li Zebin , Wang Haoyu , Ren Yuanyuan , Wang Kaisheng , Liu Yang , Tao Xinjie , Zheng Liming 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
In epigenetic modification, histone modification and DNA methylation coordinate the regulation of spermatogonium. Not only can methylcytosine dioxygenase 1 (TET1) function as a DNA demethylase, converting 5-methylcytosine to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine, it can also form complexes with other proteins to regulate gene expression. H3K27me3, one of the common histone modifications, is involved in the regulation of stem cell maintenance and tumorigenesis by inhibiting gene transcription.

Methods
we examined JMJD3 at both mRNA and protein levels and performed Chip-seq sequencing of H3K27me3 in TET1 overexpressing cells to search for target genes and signaling pathways of its action.

Results
This study has found that JMJD3 plays a leading role in spermatogonia self-renewal and proliferation: at one extreme, the expression of the self-renewal gene GFRA1 and the proliferation-promoting gene PCNA was upregulated following the overexpression of JMJD3 in spermatogonia; at the other end of the spectrum, the expression of differentiation-promoting gene DAZL was down-regulated. Furthermore, the fact that TET1 and JMJD3 can form a protein complex to interact with H3K27me3 has also been fully proven. Then, through analyzing the sequencing results of CHIP-Seq, we found that TET1 targeted Pramel3 when it interacted with H3K27me3. Besides, TET1 overexpression not only reduced H3K27me3 deposition at Pramel3, but promoted its transcriptional activation as well, and the up-regulation of Pramel3 expression was verified in JMJD3-overexpressing spermatogonia.

Conclusion
In summary, our study identified a novel link between TET1 and H3K27me3 and established a Tet1-JMJD3-H3K27me3-Pramel3 axis to regulate spermatogonia self-renewal and proliferation. Judging from the evidence offered above, we can safely conclude that this study provides new ideas for further research regarding the mechanism of spermatogenesis and spermatogenesis disorders on an apparent spectrum.
Salicylic acid inducing the expression of maize anti-insect gene SPI: a potential control strategy for Ostrinia furnacalis
Authors: Chen Yuanlong , Yang Siyuan , Zeng Wei , Zheng Xu , Wang Pan , Fu Haiyan , Yang Fengshan 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Due to being rooted in the ground, maize (Zea mays L.) is unable to actively escape the attacks of herbivorous insects such as the Asian corn borer (Ostrinia furnacalis). In contrast to the passive damage, plants have evolved defense mechanisms to protect themselves from herbivores. Salicylic acid, a widely present endogenous hormone in plants, has been found to play an important role in inducing plant resistance to insects. In this study, we screened and identified the insect resistance gene SPI, which is simultaneously induced by SA and O. furnacalis feeding, through preliminary transcriptome data analysis. The functional validation of SPI was carried out using bioinformatics, RT-qPCR, and heterologous expression protein feeding assays.

Results
Both SA and O. furnacalis treatment increased the expression abundance of SA-synthesis pathway genes and SPI in three maize strains, and the upregulation of SPI was observed strongly at 6 hours post-treatment. The expression of SPI showed a temporal relationship with SA pathway genes, indicating that SPI is a downstream defense gene regulated by SA. Protein feeding assays using two different expression vectors demonstrated that the variation in SPI protein activity among different strains is mainly due to protein modifications.

Conclusions
Our research results indicate that SPI, as a downstream defense gene regulated by SA, is induced by SA and participates in maize's insect resistance. The differential expression levels of SPI gene and protein modifications among different maize strains are one of the reasons for the variation in insect resistance. This study provides new insights into ecological pest control in maize and valuable insights into plant responses to SA-induced insect resistance.
Behavioral pain scale may not be reliable in awake non-verbal intensive care patients: a case control study
Authors: Waydhas Christian , Ull Christopher , Cruciger Oliver , Hamsen Uwe , Schildhauer Thomas A. , Gaschler Robert , Weckwerth Christina 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
The evaluation of pain in patients, unable of oral communication, often relies on behavioral assessment. However, some critically ill patients, while non-verbal, are awake and have some potential for self-reporting. The objective was to compare the results of a behavioral pain assessment with self-reporting in awake, non-verbal, critically ill patients unable to use low-tech augmentative and alternative communication tools.

Methods
Prospective cohort study of intubated or tracheotomized adult, ventilated patients with a RASS (Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale) of -1 to + 1 and inadequate non-verbal communication skills in a surgical intensive care unit of a tertiary care university hospital. For pain assessment, the Behavioral Pain Scale (BPS) was used. Self-reporting of pain was achieved by using an eye tracking device to evaluate the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) and the pain/discomfort item of the EuroQol EQ-5D-5 L (EQ-Pain). All measurements were taken at rest.

Results
Data was collected from 75 patients. Neither the NRS nor the EQ-Pain (r < .15) correlated with the BPS. However, NRS and EQ-Pain were significantly correlated (r = .78, p = < 0.001), indicating the reliability of the self-reporting by these patients. Neither the duration of intubation/tracheostomy, nor cause for ICU treatment, nor BPS subcategories had an influence on these results.

Conclusions
Behavioral pain assessment tools in non-verbal patients who are awake and not in delirium appear unreliable in estimating pain during rest. Before a behavioral assessment tool such as the BPS is used, the application of high-tech AACs should be strongly considered.

Trial registration
German Clinical Trials Register, Registration number: DRKS00021233. Registered 23 April 2020 - Retrospectively registered, https://drks.de/search/en/trial/DRKS00021233.
Process evaluation of a tailored nudge intervention to promote appropriate care and treatment of older patients at the end-of-life
Authors: Bracci Ella L. , Barnett Adrian G. , Brown Christine , Callaway Leonie , Cardona Magnolia , Carter Hannah E. , Graves Nicholas , Hillman Kenneth , Lee Xing J. , McPhail Steven M. , White Ben P. , Willmott Lindy , Harvey Gillian 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Non-beneficial treatment affects a considerable proportion of older people in hospital, and some will choose to decline invasive treatments when they are approaching the end of their life. The Intervention for Appropriate Care and Treatment (InterACT) intervention was a 12-month stepped wedge randomised controlled trial with an embedded process evaluation in three hospitals in Brisbane, Australia. The aim was to increase appropriate care and treatment decisions for older people at the end-of-life, through implementing a nudge intervention in the form of a prospective feedback loop. However, the trial results indicated that the expected practice change did not occur. The process evaluation aimed to assess implementation using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research, identify barriers and enablers to implementation and provide insights into the lack of effect of the InterACT intervention.

Methods
Qualitative data collection involved 38 semi-structured interviews with participating clinicians, members of the executive advisory groups overseeing the intervention at a site level, clinical auditors, and project leads. Online interviews were conducted at two times: implementation onset and completion. Data were coded to the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research and deductively analysed.

Results
Overall, clinicians felt the premise and clinical reasoning behind InterACT were strong and could improve patient management. However, several prominent barriers affected implementation. These related to the potency of the nudge intervention and its integration into routine clinical practice, clinician beliefs and perceived self-efficacy, and wider contextual factors at the health system level.

Conclusions
An intervention designed to change clinical practice for patients at or near to end-of-life did not have the intended effect. Future interventions targeting this area of care should consider using multi-component strategies that address the identified barriers to implementation and clinician change of practice.

Trial registration
Australia New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry (ANZCTR), ACTRN12619000675123p (approved 06/05/2019).
Imaging patterns of Lophomonas blattarum infection in the respiratory tract: a registry-based analysis
Authors: Taheri Amirmasoud , Fakhar Mahdi , Sharifpour Ali , Banimostafavi Elhamsadat , SafaNavaei Sepideh , Abedi Siavash , Mehravaran Hossein , Aliyali Masoud , Shafahi Ahmad , Delpzir Asieh 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Lophomonas blattarum is an emerging protozoan that mostly infects the lower respiratory tract and causes pulmonary lophomoniasis. Radiologic findings in patients with pulmonary lophomoniasis have yet to be studied. Thus, we conducted a registry-based clinical investigation to evaluate the radiologic findings of lophomoniasis.

Methods
In this cross-sectional study, 34 Lophomonas positive patients were enrolled. Demographic data, relevant characteristics, and radiologic findings of the patients were recorded and analyzed.

Results
Thirty-four (male = 18, female = 16) patients with an average age of 52.21 ± 20.48 years old were examined. Radiological findings such as Alveolar consolidation (26.5%), Ground glass opacity (5.9%), Centrilobular nodules (23.5%), Tree -in- bud (38.2%), Cavitation (23.5%), Pleural effusion (23.5%), Interstitial opacity (8.8%), Lymphadenopathy (23.5%), Bronchocele (5.9%), Bronchiectasis (29.4%), Nodules (8.8%) and Mass (11.8%) were obtained, that the frequency of all radiological findings was less than 50%.

Conclusion
In this study, the most common radiological findings in patients with lophomoniasis were tree-in-bud nodules, alveolar consolidation, bronchiectasis, and centrilobular nodules which were mostly seen in the right lung and its middle and lower lobes. Given that the radiologic findings of this disease are unknown, it can be considered in differential diagnosis.