bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antigen presentation and regulatory functions of human monocytes in the in vitro response of lymphocytes against purified protein derivative of tuberculin (PPD)
Authors: Treves Abraham J. , Tal Tova , Barak Vivian , Fuks Zvi 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMonocyte functions in the primary and secondary proliferative responses of human lymphocytes against purified protein derivative of tuberculin (PPD) have been studied. By applying the antigen either directly to the responding cells or on antigentreated autologous monocytes, it was possible to distinguish between two different monocyte functions: antigen presentation and regulation. Their helper function in lymphocyte proliferation was found in cell‐free supernatants of autologous and allogeneic monocytes and was expressed better in the secondary rather than in the primary responses. The antigen‐presenting function of monocytes, however, was found to be more substantial in the primary response of lymphocytes. These results suggest that macrophage dependency of certain immune functions should be considered in regard to the various functions of macrophages, since at least quantitative differences for each of the macrophage functions were found in the primary and secondary proliferative responses.
Interferon enhances the amount of membrane‐bound β2‐microglobulin and its release from human Burkitt cells
Authors: Fellous Marc , Bono Rosa , Hyafil François , Gresser Ion 
Published: February 2007

AbstractHuman leukocyte interferon (HuIFN‐α) increased the amount of β2‐microglobulin on the surface of human Burkitt lymphoma cells (Ramos) and also increased the amount released into the culture medium. The effect was observed 1 h after addition of IFN. These results suggest that the increase in β2‐microglobulin on the cell surface of IFN‐treated cells is not due to a decreased shedding of antigen from the cell surface, nor an “unmasking” of surface antigen, but rather to an increased synthesis of antigen.
Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in mice: encephalitogenicity of mouse central myelin basic proteins
Authors: Rauch Helene C. , Katar Malkhan , Montgomery Ilene N. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTwo co‐extractable myelin basic proteins (MBP) were isolated and purified from mouse brain and designated: large (L), estimated to be composed of 160–164 amino acid residues, and small (S), estimated to contain 114–115 residues. The two proteins migrate separately in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) in a pattern similar to rat MBP‐S and MBP‐L; mouse MBP‐L resembles rat MBP‐L, human, bovine and guinea pig MBP by PAGE and by amino acid analysis. This report demonstrates for the first time that mouse MPB‐L alone, and not mouse MBP‐S, is encephalitogenic for guinea pigs and mice.
The origin of IgA in chicken bile: its rapid active transport from blood
Authors: Rose M. Elaine , Orlans Eva , Payne Andrew W. R. , Hesketh Patricia 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn the chicken, there are two bile ducts, one draining the left lobe of the liver directly into the duodenum and the other draining the right lobe via the gall bladder. Cannulation of these ducts enabled us to collect bile in unanesthetized birds and to compare the IgA concentrations of the hepatic bile, gall bladder bile and blood serum. Bile from the cystic and hepatic ducts of the same bird contained similar amounts of IgA (1.7 mg/ml), roughly 10 times as much as in serum, but considerably less than that found in the concentrated bile collected by aspiration from the gall bladder (8 mg/ml). Ligation of the two bile ducts resulted in a three to fourfold increase in the concentration of IgA in serum suggesting that IgA is normally removed from serum by the biliary route. This was confirmed by a substantial recovery of i.v. injected, radiolabeled monoclonal dimeric human IgA in the bile corresponding to a rapid active clearance from the blood circulation; negligible amounts of monomeric human IgA, similarly injected, were recovered from the bile.
Differentiation of thymocytes during chicken ontogeny: occurrence of a specific DNA ligase in relationship to cell size and surface antigens
Authors: David Jean‐Claude , Fedecka‐Bruner Barbara , Mishal Zohair , Vinson Denise , Rosenfeld Claude 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe activities of two forms (8.2 and 6.2 S) of DNA ligase have been studied in chicken thymocytes at different stages of development (16 and 18 days of incubation, hatching and one month after birth). Thymocytes have been sorted out on the basis of size and T antigenicity (immunofluorescence) with the activated cell sorter. Three kinds of cells can be distinguished: (a) large, antigenically negative cells of 16 days of incubation, expressing only the “heavy” (8.2 S) form of enzyme. The activity of this form decreases during development and is very low after birth; (b) large, antigenically positive cells without DNA ligase activity and (c) small, antigenically positive cells, expressing the “light” (6.2 S) enzyme. This form of enzyme appears only from 18 days of incubation onwards. These results allow us to consider the 6.2 S DNA ligase activity as an additional marker (with cell reduction and T antigenicity) for thymocyte maturation.
Rat IgD myeloma protein: cell‐free translation of the δ mRNA and biochemical analysis of intracellular and membrane δ chain
Authors: Sire Joséphine , Alcaraz Gisèle , Bourgois Alain , Jordan Bertrand 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe analysis of IgD molecules produced by the tumor‐derived IR 731 cell line showed that these molecules are not secreted and are only present at the cell surface as covalent dimers of 48000 dalton δ chains. The original IR 731 tumor secreted complete IgD; thus, the disappearence of secretion in the cell line was correlated with the absence of light chain synthesis.The mRNA coding for the cell line δ chain was isolated and translated. The analysis of the translated δ chain (mol. wt.: 40000) confirmed the absence of a region having the size of a domain as previously shown by partial amino acid sequence. The observation that the absence in δ chain of this region, which comprises most of the CH2 domain, could be a general feature of murine species is discussed.
B cell heterogeneity. II. Transplantation resistance in xid mice which affects the ontogeny of B cell subpopulations
Authors: Quan Zoe S. , Dick Robert F. , Regueiro Benito , Quintáns José 
Published: February 2007

AbstractF1 male offspring of CBA/N female mice carry an X‐linked immune defect, one manifestation of which is their inability to mount plaque‐forming cell (PFC) responses to certain thymus‐dependent (TD) and thymus‐independent (T1) antigens. Reconstitution of PFC responses in (CBA/N × BALB/c)F1 (NBF1) male mice with immature, immunocompetent neonatal liver cells requires preparative host irradiation. The need for irradiation is not absolute since the radiosensitive “barrier” can be overridden if a sufficiently large number of donor cells are transferred, or if one waits a sufficiently long period of time between transfer and challenge. An additional characteristic is that this resistance distinguishes between subsets of trinitrophenyl (TNP)‐specific and phosphorylcholine (PC)‐specific B cell progenitors.Comparisons of lethally irradiated NBF1 females with males indicate that the two are qualitatively similar as hosts: responses to TD PC antigens appear before those to TI PC antigens, and quantal responses can be elicited under the appropriate conditions. In sublethally irradiated male recipients, however, the NBF1 male environment seems to operationally slow down the development of antigen‐reactive B cells; this is reflected as the transplantation barrier, which discriminates between compartments of B cell progenitors. It is precisely this differential delay of maturation which has enabled us to observe that the emergence of antigen‐specific responses proceeds in cycles of quantal, all‐or‐none, events. We discuss how the resistance of the immunodefective host environment to transplanted immature B cells may influence their differentiation.
Clonal regulation in the response to phosphorylcholine. II. Heterogeneity among T15 idiotype‐positive antibodies in inbred and wild mice
Authors: Pease Larry , Claflin J. Latham 
Published: February 2007

AbstractInbred stains of mice routinely respond to phosphorylcholine (PC)‐containing antigens, S. pneumoniae and PC‐keyhole limpet hemocyanin, with the production of three major families of antibodies. Two of these groups, the M 511 and M 603 idiotype (Id) families, are clearly heterogeneous, whereas the third, T15, normally exhibits much less heterogeneity and appears to be monoclonal in many strains. We report here on the occurrence of additional T15 Id+ antibodies which can be detected readily by isoelectric focusing. These antibodies have been observed in 9 of 12 strains examined at an average frequency of 10%. They occur in both the IgG1 and IgG3 isotypes. Collectively, the antibodies comprise a heterogeneous group although cofocusing antibodies were observed in individuals of a strain or between strains. Two H‐2‐congenic strains, BALB.B and BALB.G, regularly displayed multiple cofocusing T15 Id+ antibodies in each individual. Idiotypic analysis of these antibodies in all strains showed that each contained H, L and H‐L‐specific variable region determinants common to T15. A surprising finding was the consistent expression of a heterogeneous T15 Id response in two wild Mus musculus lines. Most of these antibodies cofocused with T15 Id+ antibodies in BALB.G or C3H as well as contained strain‐specific idiotypic determinants found among inbred mice. These data demonstrate that BALB/c and other inbred strains possess the genetic potential to generate a family of closely related T15 Id+ antibodies. The results further suggest that the restricted response usually seen among inbred strains is not normal and exists because of a highly selective regulatory system.
Idiotype‐anti‐idiotype interactions and the control of the anti‐β(2→6) polyfructosan response in the mouse: specificity and idiotypy of anti‐ABPC48 anti‐idiotypic monoclonal antibodies
Authors: Legrain Pierre , Voegtle Danielle , Buttin Gérard , Cazenave Pierre André 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSeventeen hybridomas, secreting monoclonal anti‐idiotypic antibodies (IDA) directed against the BALB/c ABPC48 idiotype, were isolated from one immunized BALB/c mouse. Several IDA also bind another BALB/c idiotype: UPC10. ABPC48 and UPC10 are both myeloma proteins with a β(2→6)‐polyfructosan (levan) specificity. The binding of every IDA to the ABPC48 idiotype can be completely inhibited by levan molecules, but at different concentrations. Mutual inhibition assays between the IDA made it possible to define six groups of IDA which bind at least three different idiotopes of ABPC48.Sixteen IDA have been studied by means of mouse anti‐anti‐idiotypic antibodies (Ab3) directed against two of them, IDA3 and IDA10. Anti‐IDA3 Ab3 recognize idiotopes particular to IDA3 which are not found on other monoclonal anti‐idiotypic antibodies (Ab2). Anti‐IDA10 Ab3 cross‐reacts with several monoclonal Ab2, including Ab2 with different spectrotypes belonging or not to the same isotype and Ab2 with different specificities for the ABPC48 idiotype.Some IDA10 idiotopes are present in the polyclonal anti‐ABPC48 antibody response of BALB/c, A/J and CBA mice showing that they are recurrent and that their expression is not linked to a particular Igh‐C haplotype. In contrast, IDA3 idiotopes are not detected in the same anti‐ABPC48 antisera.
Enumeration of alloreactive helper T lymphocytes which cooperate with cytolytic T lymphocytes
Authors: Lutz Charles T. , Glasebrook Andrew L. , Fitch Frank W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe number of alloreactive helper T lymphocytes (HTL) which cooperate with cytolytic T lymphocytes have been quantified in a sensitive limit dilution system. Approximately 1 in 330 splenic T lymphocytes developed helper activity in response to alloantigen of a single haplotype. Most HTL appeared to cooperate nonspecifically with the cytolytic cells. A significant number of alloreactive HTL precursors recognized H‐2 K or D alloantigen, but roughly 6‐fold more HTL precursors responded to H‐2 I, and roughly 20‐fold more responded to non‐H‐2, presumably Mls, alloantigen. These results support the hypothesis that alloantigen encoded by the H‐2 I and non‐H‐2 Mls regions preferentially stimulate helper T lymphocytes while alloantigens encoded by the H‐2 K and D regions preferentially stimulate cytolytic T lymphocytes.
Differences in the cell binding affinity of a cross‐reactive monoclonal anti‐Ia alloantibody in mice of different H‐2 haplotypes
Authors: Birnbaum Daniel , Kourilsky FrançOis M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe analysis of an Ia specificity was performed in several H‐2 haplotypes by evaluating the affinity of the binding to mouse spleen cells of a monoclonal anti‐Ia alloantibody. We used the monoclonal antibody 10‐2.16 (Oi et al., Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol. 1978. 81: 115.) which recognizes on I‐A gene products a public specificity common to several H‐2 haplotypes (f, ja, k, r, s and u). One parameter of the affinity (dissociation rate constant) was determined by the kinetics of the dissociation of cell‐bound 125I‐labeled Fab fragments in the presence of homologous antibodies. The dissociation rate constants thus obtained were different when the antibody reacted with cells from mice bearing different haplotypes and were similar for reactions with different mouse strains bearing the same haplotype. These data strongly suggest that the Ia public determinants involved are not strictly identical in different haplotypes, and support the concept that a serological cross‐reaction does not necessarily mean structural identity between public antigenic determinants.
Phagocytosis and degradation of DNA‐anti‐DNA complexes by human phagocytes I. Assay conditions, quantitative aspects and differences between human blood monocytes and neutrophils
Authors: Lamers Marinus C. , de Groot Elisabeth R. , Roos Dirk 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe uptake in vitro was studied of 3H‐labeled DNA‐anti‐DNA complexes by neutrophils and monocytes from human blood. Complexes were prepared from 3H‐labeled circular double‐stranded (ds) DNA of bacteriophage PM2 and anti‐dsDNA‐containing sera from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. After phagocytosis, cells and medium were separated. The cells were treated with DNase to remove adherent and noningested complexes before the cell‐associated radioactivity was counted. Thus, only complexes inside the cells were measured. The medium was analyzed for acid‐precipitable radioactivity. In this way, we found that neutrophils only phagocytose the complexes, whereas monocytes phagocytose the complexes and degrade the antigen. In contrast, both types of phagocyte degraded the antigen in tetanus‐antitetanus complexes. The degradation took place after phagocytosis, inside the cells. The difference in DNA degradation between neutrophils and monocytes correlated with the difference in acid DNase activity of the lysosomal fractions: monocytes contained DNase activity, neutrophils did not. With complexes made from DNA with 131I‐labeled anti‐DNA, we found that both cell types degraded the antibody. Uptake of complexes and degradation of antigen increased with incubation time and cell concentration and was saturable with respect to complex concentration. The processes were inhibited by 5 mM mono‐iodoacetic acid or by low temperatures.
Major histocompatibility complex control of the idiotypic network in the MOPC 173 system
Authors: Boyer Claude , Schiff Claudine , Milili Michèle , Fougereau Michel 
Published: February 2007

AbstractRegulation of the anti‐idiotypic response against MOPC 173 (M‐173, γ2a, ϰ myeloma of the BALB/c strain) was studied after syngeneic and allogeneic immunizations. The immunogen was M‐173 polymerized with glutaraldehyde, and hemagglutinating titers (HT) were determined with sheep red blood cell‐M‐173. H‐2 regulation of the response was clearly shown in mice having the same Igh‐Ca genes as the immunogen protein. H‐2d mice (BALB/c) are dispersed responders (HT: 80‐81 920) and 30% did not respond. H‐2k mice (BALB.K) are high responders (HT: 10240‐81920), and H‐2b mice (BALB.B) are nonresponders (HT < 40). In animals of a non‐BALB background, similar observations were made: Igh‐Ca, H‐2k mice (C58) were responders, whereas Igh‐Ca, H‐2b mice (C57L) did not respond. However, more dispersed HT values for the C58 animals as compared with those of the BALB.K suggest that a second level of regulation by background genes might be superimposed. When alloimmunization was used in strains not expressing the Igh‐Ca allotype (b, e, j), animals responded whatever the H‐2 haplotype (b, k, d). In this case, allotypic determinants might play a carrier role. All responder mice consistently made antiidiotypic antibodies as determined by hemagglutination and/or radioimmunoassay. Antibodies against new glutaraldehyde‐induced determinants were also produced but appeared in low amounts in syngeneic immunizations. In allogenic immunizations, various levels of anti‐allotype antibodies were detected.BALB.B (and BALB/c) mice are responders to U‐10 (γ2a,ϰ, BALB/c myeloma), polymerized with glutaraldehyde and can respond to the M‐173 idiotype when they are immunized with M‐173 coupled to a heterologous carrier (a human γ1, ϰ myeloma protein, Kle). The unresponsiveness of BALB.B mice to M‐173 is thus idiotype‐specific and is not due to a defect in the anti‐idiotypic antibody repertoire. Injection of M‐173 before M‐173‐Kle prevents the response to M‐173 but not to Kle, which favors the occurrence of suppressive T cells.Responsiveness is dominantly transmitted in (BALB.B × BALB.K)F1 mice which are Igh‐Ca/a, H‐2b/k heterozygotes. Unresponsiveness found with the Igh‐Ca, H‐2b combination is also observed in (BALB.B × B10)F1 which are Igh‐Ca/b, H‐2b/b. Since F1 animals between BALB.B and B10.A (3R), (4R) or (5R) are all nonresponders, genes involved in the response to M‐173 are not in the K, I‐A, I‐J, or I‐E subregions. A participation of the I‐B subregion or an I‐A + I‐E/C complementation cannot be excluded.
Immunoglobulin isotype expression II. Frequency analysis in mitogen‐reactive B cells
Authors: Benner Robbert , Coutinho Antonio , Rijnbeek Anne‐Marie , van Oudenaren Adrianus , Hooijkaas Herbert 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe frequency of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐reactive B cells developing into clones that secrete the various immunoglobulin (Ig) classes has been determined in vitro, in cells from BALB/c mice, under culture conditions which detect all growth‐inducible cells. Secretion of the different Ig classes was assessed in the protein A plaque assay for Ig‐secreting, plaque‐forming cells by using developing antisera specific for either IgM, IgG1, IgG2a, IgG2b, IgG3 or IgA. In all lymphoid organs tested (spleen, bone marrow, mesenteric lymph nodes and thoracic duct), a considerable proportion of all B cells (5–20%) was induced by LPS to yield a clone of IgM‐secreting cells. Frequency determinations of LPS‐reactive cells giving rise to descendants secreting other Ig isotypes revealed that, on an average, and irrespective of the origin of the cells, 7% of all IgM‐secreting clones switched to the synthesis of IgG1, 39% to IgG2, 41% to IgG3 and 1% to IgA. Roughly the same frequencies of B cells switching CH gene expression were found among spleen cells of athymic nude mice. No correlation was found between the clonal frequencies of CH gene expression in polyclonally activated B cells and the in vivo “background” Ig‐secreting cells suggesting that the CH gene expression in B cells is influenced by the quality of stimulation and other regulating influences.
The tolerization of rat thymocytes to xenogeneic erythrocytes: kinetics of induction and recovery
Authors: Bunce Judith V. , Mason Donald W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe intravenous injection of large doses of xenogeneic erythrocytes into rats completely abrogated the ability of thymocytes from such animals to provide help for antierythrocyte antibody responses in an adoptive transfer system. Thymocyte tolerance developed at a time when the thymocyte donors were producing antibody to the tolerizing antigen, and spleen helper T cells were not tolerized by the injection protocol. A minimum of two injections of 1 ml of packed erythrocytes, spaced 4–5 days apart, was required to induce loss of helper activity. Tolerance was fully developed within 16 h of the last injection of antigen. Helper activity recovered over a 24‐h period starting 5 days after this injection but could be delayed by giving further injections of antigen. These results suggest that the intrathymic pool of cells with assayable helper activity turns over in about one day and that precursors of this pool are probably also tolerizable. Suppressor cells could not be detected in tolerant thymocyte populations indicating that the loss of helper activity was either a consequence of clonal inactivation or that an antigen‐specific mechanism existed for the recruitment of helper cells from the thymus. The significance of these findings to the acquisition of self‐tolerance is discussed.
Characterization of the NPa idiotype through the analysis of monoclonal BALB/c anti‐(4‐hydroxy‐3‐nitrophenyl)acetyl (NP) antibodies
Authors: White‐Scharf Mary E. , Imanishi‐Kari Thereza 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSpleen cells from BALB/c mice were fused with the nonsecreting myeloma line X63.Ag8.6.5.3 seven days after immunization with NP‐CG (4‐hydroxy‐3‐nitrophenyl) acetyl‐chicken γ‐globulin. The hybrid cell lines obtained were analyzed for heavy and light chain distribution, fine specificity, and idiotype.The majority of monoclonal antibodies possessed either γ1 or μ chains. The distribution of L chains among these antibodies was approximately half λ and half ϰ. Thirteen monoclonal antibodies were grown as ascites tumors in mice. Examination of their fine specificity patterns showed that all of the λ antibodies are heteroclitic and have similar fine specificity patterns. Five of the seven ϰ antibodies are also heteroclitic, but their fine specificity patterns are more heterogeneous than those of the λ antibodies.Polyspecific anti‐idiotypic sera directed against pooled primary serum antibody (R ā‐NPa) or against individual monoclonals were used for idiotypic characterization of the monoclonal antibodies. The R ā‐NPa bound all of the λ antibodies but none of the ϰ antibodies suggesting that the ϰ antibodies may be much more heterogeneous and were therefor not recognized in the presence of the more homogeneous λ antibodies. Further idiotypic analysis demonstrated that the λ antibodies, although no two are identical, are a very homogeneous group of antibodies which cross‐react with one another but not with the ϰ antibodies. Some, but not all, of the ϰ antibodies cross‐react with each other although none are cross‐reactive with the λ antibodies. Because the λ‐associated idiotype is recognized by the R ā‐NPa and its characteristics are similar to that of the C57BL/6 major idiotype (NPb), it is referred to as NPa. There may be a second major idiotype associated with at least some of the ϰ antibodies.