bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of integrated hepatitis B virus DNA and flanking cellular sequences in a childhood hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Tsuei Daw‐Jen , Hsu Tsuey‐Ying , Chen Jen‐Yang , Chang Mei‐Hwei , Hsu Hey‐Chi , Yang Czau‐Siung 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe DNA of tumor tissue K1 obtained at autopsy from a case of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in a 9‐year‐old boy contained integrated hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA at a single site in the chromosome (case 2, Chang et al.: Hepatology 13:316‐320, 1991). To characterize further the integrated viral DNA sequences, a genomic library of the K1 DNA was constructed in the lambda L47.1 vector. One phage clone, designated KTM‐1, containing integrated HBV DNA and cellular flanking sequences was obtained from this library. The restriction map and DNA sequence of this clone showed that the integrated HBV DNA was partially deleted and rearranged. The most conserved viral DNA sequences were surface and X genes and arranged in the opposite orientation. The viral core gene was not present. Using chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) assay, the C‐terminal truncated X open reading frame was demonstrated to retain its trans‐activating ability. The result suggested that the functional integrated X gene may play a role in hepatocarcinogenesis. The study also showed that the right cellular flanking sequences were human alphoid repetitive sequences. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Oral famciclovir against duck hepatitis B virus replication in hepatic and nonhepatic tissues of ducklings infected in ovo
Authors: Tsiquaye Kwesi N. , Slornka Marek J. , Maung Mala 
Published: March 2007

AbstractDetection of hepadnaviral DMA in extrahepatic tissues of human and animal models of hepatitis B virus (HBV) has raised the question of whether virus replication in organs other than the liver could be targeted for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B. Since duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV) replication is dynamic in the liver, kidney, pancreas, and spleen of newly hatched ducklings infected in ovo, we used the duck model and the new antiherpesvirus agent, famciclovir (FCV), to determine whether antiviral effect of nucleoside analogues on DHBV replication is pluripotential. Day‐old ducklings hatched from eggs laid by a DHBV‐carrier duck were bled and administered FCV (25 mg/kg/bd) orally for periods of 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, and 12 days. Seventeen (17) hours after the last dose of each regimen the duckling(s) was bled and postmortem samples of liver, kidney, pancreas, and spleen were snap‐frozen and stored at −70°. Analysis of plasma samples of ducklings treated for 2 days and longer by dot‐blot hybridisation showed that levels of DHBV DNA were reduced significantly compared to levels in samples collected before treatment begun. Southern blot hybridisation of tissue DNA corroborated these results and showed that DHBV DNA replicative intermediates in all the tissues examined were reduced to levels that reflected the amount of virus released into the blood of each treated duckling. It is concluded from these results that if antiviral agents could be transformed to active metabolites in any infected tissues including the liver, replication of hepadnaviruses would be inhibited. We also note that the ability of young ducklings to metabolise FCV to the parent compound, penciclovir, suggests that hatchlings could be used for screening antiviral compounds under development. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Meningoradiculoneuritis due to acyclovir‐resistant varicella zoster virus in an acquired immune deficiency syndrome patient
Authors: Snoeck R. , Gérard M. , Sadzot‐Delvaux C. , Andrei G. , Balzarini J. , Reymen D. , Ahadi N. , De Bruyn J. M. , Piette J. , Rentier B. , Clumeck N. , De Clercq E. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractVaricella zoster virus (VZV) is recognized as one of the major viral pathogens reactivated in patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). We report the case of meningora‐diculoneuritis in an AIDS patient, associated with the isolation in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of a thymidine kinase (TK)‐deficient, acyclovir (ACV)‐resistant strain of VZV. Although the virus was sensitive in vitro to phosphonoformate (PFA), the patient did not improve during PFA therapy and finally died. Several VZV strains isolated from this patient (including two isolates from the patient's CSF) were analyzed for their TK activity and subsequently the viral TK gene was sequenced showing a major deletion leading to a truncated protein. Their susceptibility to several antiviral agents including ACV, PFA, (E)‐5‐(2‐bro‐movinyl)‐2′‐deoxyuridine (BVDU), 9‐β‐D‐ara‐binofuranosyladenine (vidarabine), (S)‐1‐(3‐hy‐droxy ‐ 2 ‐ phosphonylmethoxypropyl) cytosine (HPMPC), and (S)‐9‐(3‐hydroxy‐2‐phosphonyl‐methoxypropyl)adenine (HPMPA) was evaluated. All the virus strains isolated from this patient remained sensitive to HPMPA and HPMPC, pointing to the potential usefulness of these acyclic nucleoside phosphonates for the treatment of ACV‐resistant VZV infections in immunocom‐promised patients. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Tumor suppressor genes, growth factor genes, and oncogenes in hepatitis B virus‐associated hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Tabor Edward 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA series of changes in the genes that control hepatocyte growth, or interference with the protein products of these genes, appears to have an important role in the etiology of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Mutations of the p53 tumor suppressor gene have been identified in 30‐50% of HCC patients in some geographic areas. Abnormalities of the RB tumor suppressor gene have been found in 20‐25% of HCCs, including 80‐86% of HCCs with p53 mutations. Overexpression of transforming growth factor α (TGF‐a), insulin‐like growth factor II (IGF‐II), and the oncogenes N‐ras, c‐myc, and c‐fos have been found in high percentages of HCC patients. The cumulative effect of these changes may be more important than the order in which they occur. Some of these changes may explain the mechanism(s) by which the hepatitis B virus participates in the development of HCC. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Seroepidemiological associations between tuberculosis, malaria, hepatitis B, and AIDS in West Africa
Authors: Adebajo A. O. , Smith D. J. , Hazleman B. L. , Wreghitt T. G. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractSerum samples from 51 patients with malaria, 35 patients with hepatitis B virus infection, 111 patients with tuberculosis, and 166 healthy controls were studied to determine any associations between tuberculosis, malaria, hepatitis B, and AIDS in Nigeria, West Africa. All serum samples were examined for the presence of HIV‐1/HIV‐2, hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg), and malaria antibodies.Only one patient was HIV‐1 antibody‐positive and none HIV‐2 antibody‐positive. Statistical associations were found between the presence of malaria antibody litres on the one hand and a diagnosis of hepatitis B virus infection (P < 0.05) or tuberculosis (P < 0.05). A stronger association (P < 0.001) was found between the presence of HBsAg and tuberculosis suggesting that HBsAg carriers are at higher risk of contracting tuberculosis. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
New genotype of hepatitis C virus in South Africa
Authors: Ohno T. , Mizokami M. , Tibbs C. J. , Ohba K. , Suzuki K. , Wu R.‐R. , Nouri‐Aria K. T. , Williams Roger 
Published: March 2007

AbstractPartial nucleotide sequences in the core region of the hepatitis C viral genome were determined by reverse transcription followed by polymerase chain reaction, in a patient with chronic hepatitis from South Africa. These nucleotide sequences showed a low degree of homology with known types of HCV: the degree of homology between the nucleotide sequences of these clones with HC‐J1, J4, J6, J7, Tr, and Eb‐1 were 86.1‐87.3%, 87.3‐87.9%, 83.0‐83.9%, 81.1‐82.0%, 81.0‐82.2%, and 82.8‐83.4%, respectively, and that the deduced amino acid sequence homologies between these clones and HC‐J1, J4, H6, J7, Tr, and Eb‐1 were 90.7‐91.6%, 89.7‐91.6%, 91.6‐93.5%, 90.7‐91.6%, 81.5‐82.4%, and 89.2‐90.2%, respectively. The nucleotide sequence homologies of these clones with HC‐J1, J4, J6, J7, Tr, and Eb‐1 were very low, compared to those between the same genotype. Further comparison using molecular evolutionary methods suggested that this sequence should be classified in a new genotype. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, inc.
Expression of hepatitis B surface and core antigens and transforming growth factor‐a in “oval cells” of the liver in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Hsia Chu Chieh , Thorgeirsson Snorri S. , Tabor Edward 
Published: March 2007

AbstractRecent studies have identified epithelial cell populations in human livers that are similar to the “oval cells” and “transitional cells” seen in rat livers during the early stages of chemical car‐cinogenesis. It has been suggested that these cells might be precursors of hepatocytes and theoretically could be involved in hepatocarcino‐genesis. The hepatitis B virus (HBV) also is believed to play a role in the etiology of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Therefore, a study was conducted in nontumorous livers adjacent to HCCs obtained from 26 patients from China to determine whether HBV antigens could be identified in oval cells and transitional cells using an immunohistochemical technique. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) was detected in the nontumorous livers of 22/26 (85%) patients. HBsAg was detected in oval cells in 18/26 (69%), in transitional cells in 21/26 (81%), and in mature hepatocytes in 22/26 (85%), but not in bile duct or ductule cells. Transforming growth factor‐α (TGF‐α) was expressed in oval cells, transitional cells, and bile duct cells in 24/26 (92%) patients, an in mature hepatocytes in 25/26 (96%). Coexpression of HBsAg and TGF‐α was identified in the same cells in populations of oval cells and transitional cells of selected patients. Because of the possibility that oval cells could be a source of evolving HCC, these findings suggest that expression of TGF‐α associated with HBV infection of oval cells could be a mechanism of human hepatocarcinogenesis. Thus, oval cells could be a site (or one of the sites) where HBV participates in the development of HCC. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Avidities of IgG directed against viral capsid antigen or early antigen: Useful markers for significant epstein‐barr virus serology
Authors: Andersson Annika , Vetter Veronika , Kreutzer Ludger , Bauer Georg 
Published: March 2007

AbstractClassical Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) serology can be misleading in some cases due to the variability of the viral capsid antigen (VCA)‐IgM response, persistent or reactivated VCA‐IgM, or loss of anti‐EBNA‐1 during suppression of the cellular immune system. Therefore, we studied the usefulness and significance of avidity determinations of VCA‐IgG and EA‐IgG to achieve unequivocal interpretation of serological results.Avidities of EBV capsid antigen‐specific IgG (VCA‐IgG) and early antigen‐specific IgG (EA‐IgG) were determined by indirect immunofluorescence during and after acute EBV infection. Low‐avidity antibodies were removed from antigen‐antibody complexes by incubation with 6 M urea for 3 minutes. The analysis of 105 sera taken at defined time spans with regard to the onset of clinical symptoms allowed us to determine the kinetics of maturation of avidity of VCA‐IgG. All sera had low‐avidity antibodies at the onset of disease. More than 90% of the sera showed an avidity index below 0.25 during the first 10 days after the onset of disease. Fifty percent of the sera exhibited an avidity index of 0.25 or above 20–30 days after the onset of clinical symptoms. Sera from past infections uniformly exhibited avidity indices of 0.5 or 1. Avidity of EA‐IgG may still be low when avidity of VCA‐IgG is already borderline or high, thus allowing further differentiation of acute and recent infections.Avidity determination represents an important additional marker of serology in classical cases and allows diagnosis in aberrant cases, such as acute infections with low or undetectable VCA‐IgM. In convalescent patients with persistent or reactivated VCA‐IgM and in cases of negative anti‐EBNA‐1 due to a loss of this marker during immunosuppression, avidity determination of VCA‐IgG is helpful to prevent false diagnosis. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Southern hybridisation analysis of HBV DNA in peripheral blood leucocytes and of different cell types: Changes during the natural history and with interferon‐α therapy in patients with hepatitis B virus infection
Authors: Catterall A. P. , Murray‐Lyon I. M. , Zuckerman A. J. , Harrison T. J. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractHepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA was evaluated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from 50 individuals utilising Southern hybridisation analysis. HBV DNA sequences were detected in PBMC from 16/29 (55 percent) of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) carriers with serum HBeAg and HBV DNA, compared with 1/8 (13%) of carriers with anti‐HBe and HBV DNA negative (P = NS). Two of 7 patients with previous HBV infection and chronic liver disease had detectable HBV DNA in PBMC. Of the 19 patients with HBV DNA in PBMC, 18 had high molecular weight species. In addition, five of these had free, monomeric HBV DNA and six patients had low molecular weight bands. For nine of the above patients, total peripheral blood leucocytes were separated into PBMC and polymorphonuclear cells. Four had HBV DNA in PBMC only, two only in polymorphonuclear cells and three in both types of cell. Eleven patients with chronic HBV infection were studied at monthly intervals for 6 months. Six were untreated and five received IFN‐alpha. Three patients who responded to IFN‐a had HBV DNA present in PBMC before therapy, and two became negative. Two of 3 untreated patients had intermittent HBV DNA in PBMC and the other remained persistently negative. Of the patients positive on more than one occasion, the pattern of HBV DNA was similar. Peripheral blood leucocytes often contain multimers of free HBV DNA, more commonly in patients with serum HBeAg and HBV DNA and may occur even in the absence of serum HBsAg. These findings have implications for recurrence of disease after hepatic transplantation. HBV DNA in PBMC is detected intermittently over time and IFN‐α therapy may be associated with eradication. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Raman and surface‐enhanced Raman spectra of flavone and several hydroxy derivatives
Authors: Teslova Tatyana , Corredor Charlie , Livingstone Richard , Spataru Tudor , Birke Ronald L. , Lombardi John R. , Cañamares M. V. , Leona Marco 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe Raman and surface‐enhanced Raman spectra (SERS) of flavone and three of its hydroxy derivatives, 3‐hydroxyflavone (3‐HF) and 5‐hydroxyflavone (5‐HF) and quercetin (3,5,7,3′,4′ pentahydroxyflavone) have been obtained. The normal Raman (NR) spectra were taken in the powder form. The SERS spectra were obtained both on Ag colloids and Ag electrode substrates. Assignments of the spectrally observed normal modes were aided by density functional theory (DFT) calculations using the B3LYP functional and the 6‐31 + G* basis, a split valence polarized basis set with diffuse functions. Excellent fits were obtained for the observed spectra with little or no scaling. The most intense lines of the NR spectra are those in the CO stretching region (near 1600 cm−1). These lines are often weakened by proximity to the surface, while other lines at lower wavenumbers, due to in‐plane ring stretches, tend to be strongly enhanced. The SERS spectrum of flavone is weak both on the colloid and on the electrode, indicating weak attachment to the surface. In contrast, the SERS spectra of the hydroxy derivatives of flavone are intense, indicating the assistance of OH groups in attachment to the surface. The spectra of the various species are compared, and a case study of application to detection of a textile dye (Persian berries), which contains quercetin, is presented. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Advanced cooling technology for rotors of high‐power low‐duty cycle generators using polyalphaolefins
Authors: Sleiti Ahmad K. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractExperimental and numerical studies of heat transfer distribution on rotors of high‐power low‐duty cycle electrical machines are performed to investigate the temperature distribution across the rotor core and winding insulation that determines the performance of rotor cooling techniques. Studies are performed to verify the selected cooling technique and coolant, and to determine the maximum heat load on the rotor and on the insulation material of the windings. The coolant used is polyalphaolefin (PAO) oil that can be used both as a coolant and lubricant. The boundary conditions investigated in this study are those existing on actual rotors of electric machines. The results show that the maximum temperature in the rotor conductors is found in the windings end turn and the maximum temperature in the insulation material of the rotor conductors could reach high values but still within the allowable maximum temperature limits. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Grease lubrication of rolling element bearings — role of the grease thickener
Authors: Cann P. M. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe contribution of grease thickener to lubricant film formation was examined in this paper. Lubricant film thickness and friction were measured for different grease thickener types in a bearing simulation device. The results showed that the greases formed thick (20–80nm), low friction surface layers at low speeds, which were much greater than the corresponding base oil film. These films appeared to be formed by the physical deposition of thickener in the track during overrolling of the grease. This was confirmed by infrared reflection analysis, which showed the deposited films to have increased thickener content. The ability of grease to form renewable physically deposited solid films has significant implications for optimising lubricant formulation for certain applications, e.g. bearings operating at high temperatures and low speeds where a conventional elastohydrodynamic lubricating film would be inadequate. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A impulsive infective transmission SI model for pest control
Authors: Zhang Hong , Xu Weijian , Chen Lansun 
Published: March 2007

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a model with impulsive control of epidemics for pest management. By using Floquet's theorem, small‐amplitude perturbation skills and comparison theorem, we show that there exists a globally asymptotically stable susceptible pest‐eradication periodic solution when the release amount of infective pests is larger than some critical value. However, when the amount of infective pests released is less than this critical value, the system is shown to be permanent, which implies that the trivial periodic susceptible pest‐eradication solution loses its stability. Further, the existence of a positive periodic endemic solution and other rich dynamics are also studied by numerical simulation. Therefore, we can use the amount of release of infective pests to control susceptible pests at desirable low levels. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Psychometric evaluation of the Spanish version of CONNECT: a measure of continuity of care in mental health services
Authors: Chavez L.M. , Canino G. , Shrout P.E. , Barrio C. , Ware N.C. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThis article provides the results of the psychometric testing of the Spanish version of CONNECT(‐S), a measure of continuity of care in mental health services. CONNECT‐S is a multidimensional measure designed for use with seriously mentally ill respondents. Consisting of 12 scales and one single‐item indicator, it addresses qualities of interaction in current relationships between mental health service providers and consumers in five conceptual domains: (1) practitioner knowledge of their clients, (2) creating flexibility, (3) practitioner availability, (4) practitioner co‐ordination, and (5) smoothing transitions. One‐hundred‐and‐fifty participants took part in the study. Participants were recruited from mental health outpatient clinics in both the Puerto Rican (n = 109) and the San Antonio (n = 41) samples. Internal consistency for scales in a combined site estimate ranged from 0.68 to 0.96. Test‐retest reliability ranged from fair to substantial in all but one scale. Concurrent validity hypotheses based on a priori predictions were mostly supported. The Spanish translation and adaptation of CONNECT‐S provided sound psychometric results across both sites. CONNECT‐S addresses the gap in measurement of continuity of care for the two largest US Latino subgroups, Mexican Americans and Puerto Ricans; and provides an encouraging starting point for a measure that is both relevant and culturally sensitive. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of the value of the ICIQ‐UI SF questionnaire and stress test in the differential diagnosis of the type of urinary incontinence
Authors: Espuña‐Pons Montserrat , Dilla Tatiana , Castro David , Carbonell Cristina , Casariego Joaquín , Puig‐Clota Montserrat 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAimsPresently, there is no simple, universally accepted instrument for the initial diagnosis of urinary incontinence (UI), which is why physicians find it so difficult to integrate the diagnosis into their daily clinical practice. The objective of this study is to analyze the true value of the ICIQ‐UI SF questionnaire (ICIQ), the stress test, and the combination of both for the diagnosis as to the type of UI.MethodsCross‐sectional study performed in 116 women consulting for UI symptoms in two specialized health care centers. The subjects completed the ICIQ and underwent a stress test and urodynamic testing which was used for the reference diagnosis. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and the statistical “likelihood ratio (LR)” were assessed.ResultsAccording to the ICIQ, 45 women (38.8%) suffered from Stress UI (SUI); 19 (16.4%), Urgency UI (UUI), and 49 (42.2%), Mixed UI (MUI). According to the stress test, 75 (64.7%) presented SUI. According to the combination of both tests, the diagnosis was SUI in 35 (30.2%), UUI in 17 (14.7%), and MUI in 37 (31.9%). Regarding urodynamic testing, observations were as follows: USI in 45 subjects (38.8%), detrusor overactivity (DO) in 25 (21.6%), and combination of both (MUI) in 30 (25.9%). The combination of ICIQ‐UI SF plus stress test showed good specificity and negative predictive value, and the best LR coefficients obtained were: 3.11 (USI); 6.64 (UUI); 2.64 (MUI), and 3.77 (“all” SUI).ConclusionsThe combined use of the ICIQ plus stress test will aid in characterizing the type of UI at a basic health care level, favoring the prescription of the most appropriate treatment for each case. Neurourol. Urodynam. 26:836–841, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Parameter uniform approximations for time‐dependent reaction‐diffusion problems
Authors: Linß Torsten , Madden Niall 
Published: March 2007

AbstractUsing discrete Green's functions techniques, we present a classification of fitted mesh methods for time‐dependent reaction diffusion problems, based on the analyses of Linß (Linß, Numer Algor 40 (2005), 23–32) for the analogous steady‐state problem and of Kopteva (Kopteva, Computing 66 (2001), 179–197) for time‐dependent convection‐diffusion problems.As examples of how to apply the analysis, we derive error estimates for the fitted meshes of Shishkin and Bakhvalov, and provide supporting numerical results. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2007