bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acellular Dermal Matrix Graft for Gingival Augmentation: A Preliminary Clinical, Histologic, and Ultrastructural Evaluation
Authors: Scarano Antonio , Barros Raquel R.M. , Iezzi Giovanna , Piattelli Adriano , Novaes Arthur B. 
Published: February 2009

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate clinically, histologically, and ultrastructurally the integration process of the acellular dermal matrix used to increase the band of keratinized tissue while achieving gingival inflammation control.Methods: Ten patients exhibiting a mucogingival problem with bands of keratinized tissue ≤1 mm and gingival inflammation of the related teeth were included in the study. The surgical procedures were performed to augment the gingival tissue using acellular dermal matrix. Clinical measurements were assessed at baseline and after 3 months. A specimen of the allograft and surrounding tissues was obtained immediately before the surgery and 4 minutes and 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 10 weeks after grafting.Results: Clinically, a gain of keratinized tissue of 2.92 ± 0.65 mm was observed after 3 months. Histologically and ultrastructurally, many macrophages were observed phagocytosing preexisting collagen fibers in the first weeks. From week 2 on, fibroblasts synthesizing new collagen, epithelial cells colonizing the graft surface, and revascularization were noticed. After 6 weeks it was difficult to find the acellular dermal matrix preexisting collagen fibers. This process of substitution was completed after 10 weeks, when the reepithelialization of the entire graft throughout a well‐structured basement membrane was achieved.Conclusion: The acellular dermal matrix graft seemed to be an easily handled material for use in keratinized tissue augmentation that, in humans, was substituted and completely reepithelialized in 10 weeks according to histologic and ultrastructural results.
Proliferative Verrucous Leukoplakia: A Potentially Malignant Disorder Involving Periodontal Sites
Authors: Gandolfo Sergio , Castellani Roberto , Pentenero Monica 
Published: February 2009

Background: Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (PVL) is a rare oral mucosa disorder, frequently involving periodontal sites, with a high rate of progression to oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and verrucous carcinoma (VC). This article describes the clinical features and follow‐up of a group of patients with PVL, with attention to the involvement of the mucosa covering the alveolar crest and its malignant transformation.Methods: Patients were retrospectively evaluated for demographic data, risk habits (smoking and drinking), locations of PVL lesions, incidence, and locations of malignant transformation. Patients with malignant transformation were compared to a control group (patients affected by oral carcinoma without PVL).Results: Forty‐seven patients were enrolled; PVL lesions were most frequently observed on the alveolar crest (41/47 [87.2%]), with gingival involvement in 22 of 47 (46.8%) cases. Nineteen patients (40.4%) developed 41 malignant lesions; the alveolar crest was the most affected site (12/41 [29.3%]). Compared to controls, patients with PVL were more likely to develop VC (odds ratio [OR] = 6.61; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.23 to 65.52) than SCC (OR = 0.15; 95% CI: 0.02 to 0.82), and they showed a higher incidence of cancer on masticatory mucosa (OR = 6.49; 95% CI: 1.78 to 29.12), particularly gingiva (P = 0.007) and the hard palate (P = 0.017).Conclusions: The importance of PVL awareness for periodontists is underscored by the frequency of gingival involvement and the high prevalence of malignant transformation on masticatory mucosa, which usually can be suspected because of the onset of warning signs, such as rapid growth of verrucosity, area of erosion or ulceration, acquisition of red areas, induration, and positive response to toluidine blue staining.
Stress, Depression, Cortisol, and Periodontal Disease
Authors: Rosania Amy E. , Low Kathryn G. , McCormick Cheryl M. , Rosania David A. 
Published: February 2009

Background: Stress and depression may affect the onset and progression of periodontal disease. However, to the best of our knowledge, no published study has established whether the mechanisms by which stress and depression influence periodontal disease are physiologic, behavioral, or both. This cross‐sectional pilot study explored the associations between psychologic factors, markers of periodontal disease, psychoneuroimmunologic variables, and behavior.Methods: This study included 45 periodontal patients referred by three dentists. Participants completed composite health, chronic stress, depression, and demographic questions, and salivary cortisol (CORT) was measured. A hygienist assessed the magnitude of periodontal disease.Results: Stress, depression, and CORT were correlated with measures of periodontal disease. In addition, oral care neglect during periods of stress and depression was associated with attachment loss and missing teeth. After controlling for age, family history, and brushing frequency, depression and CORT were significant predictors of the number of missing teeth. A similar model also predicted the number of teeth with clinical attachment loss >5 mm.Conclusions: Stress and depression may be associated with periodontal destruction through behavioral and physiologic mechanisms. Addressing psychologic factors, such as depression, may be an important part of periodontal preventive maintenance.
Aggressive Periodontitis and Chronic Arthritis: Blood Mononuclear Cell Gene Expression and Plasma Protein Levels of Cytokines and Cytokine Inhibitors
Authors: Sørensen Lars K. , Havemose‐Poulsen Anne , Bendtzen Klaus , Holmstrup Palle 
Published: February 2009

Background: Cytokines and cytokine inhibitors have been associated with many immunoinflammatory diseases. In the present study, we examined whether peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) gene expression mirrors the corresponding plasma levels of clinically important pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory cytokines and cytokine receptors in patients with periodontitis and patients with arthritis representing two examples of chronic inflammatory diseases, such as periodontitis and arthritis. To identify possible disease‐specific characteristics of subjects with periodontitis relative to subjects with chronic inflammation in general, patients with arthritis (juvenile idiopathic arthritis [JIA] and rheumatoid arthritis [RA]) were included.Methods: The study population consisted of white adults <35 years of age diagnosed with localized aggressive periodontitis (LAgP; n = 18), generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAgP; n = 27), JIA (n = 10), and RA (n = 23) and healthy controls (n = 25). PBMC transcripts of interleukin (IL) 1 alpha (IL1A), IL 1 beta (IL1B), IL 1 receptor antagonist (IL1RN), IL6, IL10, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFA), TNF alpha receptor I (TNFRI), and TNFRII were measured using real‐time reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction and compared to the corresponding plasma protein levels measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and a multiplex antibody bead assay.Results: Compared to controls, soluble (s) TNF‐RII levels were significantly elevated in patients with GAgP (P = 0.001) or JIA (P = 0.002), and PBMC TNFA transcript levels were lower in patients with JIA (P = 0.001). A negative correlation was found between IL6 expression and IL‐6 plasma levels in patients with JIA versus controls, and a positive correlation/association was found between TNFRI expression and sTNF‐RI plasma levels in patients with LAgP and RA.Conclusions: The study demonstrated only a few changes in the PBMC expression of various cytokine and cytokine inhibitor genes in aggressive periodontitis and chronic arthritis compared to controls. There were a few similarities among disease groups, and no direct and simple correlation between cellular transcripts and proteins was found.
Placement of Two‐Part Implants in Sites With Different Buccal and Lingual Bone Heights
Authors: Welander Maria , Abrahamsson Ingemar , Berglundh Tord 
Published: February 2009

Background: Recipient sites for implants often exhibit a vertical discrepancy between the buccal and lingual bone crest. The potential to preserve the lingual bone when placing the implant within the dimension determined by the buccal bone in such sites remains to be evaluated.Methods: Five dogs were included in this study. The premolars were extracted on one side of the mandible, and a buccal defect was prepared by the resection of a 2‐mm‐high portion of the buccal bone wall. Three months later, two test (surface modification on the shoulder part of the implant) and two control implants were placed within the area of the buccal bone defect. Following placement, the implant margin at the buccal side coincided with the buccal bone crest, whereas the implant margin at the lingual side was in a subcrestal position. Regular abutments with a turned surface were connected to the control implants, whereas experimental abutments with a modified surface were connected to the test implants. A plaque‐control program was initiated. Four months later, biopsies were obtained and prepared for histologic analysis.Results: The marginal bone level was located at a more coronal position at the lingual aspect than at the buccal aspect of the test implants, whereas the buccal and lingual bone levels were similar at control implants.Conclusion: It is suggested that different marginal bone levels are obtainable at the lingual and buccal aspects when two‐part implants with suitable surface characteristics are placed in sites with different buccal and lingual bone heights.
Magnesium‐Enriched Hydroxyapatite Compared to Calcium Sulfate in the Healing of Human Extraction Sockets: Radiographic and Histomorphometric Evaluation at 3 Months
Authors: Crespi Roberto , Capparè Paolo , Gherlone Enrico 
Published: February 2009

Background: Reduction of alveolar height and width after tooth extraction may present problems for implant placement, especially in the anterior maxilla where bone volume is important for biologic and esthetic reasons. Different graft materials have been proposed to minimize the reduction in ridge volume. The aim of this study was to compare radiographic and histomorphometric results of magnesium‐enriched hydroxyapatite (MHA) and calcium sulfate (CS) grafts in fresh sockets after tooth extractions.Methods: Forty‐five fresh extraction sockets with three bone walls were selected in 15 patients. A split‐mouth design was used: 15 sockets on the right side of the jaw received MHA, 15 sockets on the left side received CS, and 15 random unfilled sockets were considered the control (C) group. Intraoral digital radiographs were taken at baseline and at 3 months after graft material placement. At 3 months, cylinder bone samples were obtained for histology and histomorphometry analysis.Results: The difference in mean radiographic vertical bone level from baseline to 3 months was −2.48 ± 0.65 mm in the CS group, −0.48 ± 0.21 mm in the MHA group, and −3.75 ± 0.63 mm in the unfilled C group. Statistically significant differences (P <0.05) were found between CS and MHA groups and between MHA and C groups. Histologic examination revealed bone formation in all treated sites; trabecular bone assessment did not differ among apical, mesial, and coronal portions of the specimens. Mean vital bone measurements for CS, MHA, and C groups were 45.0% ± 6.5%, 40.0% ± 2.7%, and 32.8% ± 5.8%, respectively. Statistically significant differences (P <0.05) were found among all groups. Connective tissue percentages averaged 41.5% ± 6.7% for the CS group, 41.3% ± 1.3% for the MHA group, and 64.6% ± 6.8% for the C group. Statistically significant differences (P <0.05) were found between CS and C groups and between MHA and C groups. The CS‐grafted sockets showed 13.9% ± 3.4% residual implant material, whereas the MHA‐treated sockets showed 20.2% ± 3.2% residual material. The difference between the groups was statistically significant (P <0.05).Conclusions: Radiographs revealed a greater reduction of alveolar ridge in the CS group than in the MHA group. Histologic examination showed more bone formation and faster resorption in the CS group and more residual implant material in the MHA group.
The water situation in Harare, Zimbabwe: a policy and management problem
Authors: Nhapi Innocent 
Published: February 2009

Harare, the capital city of Zimbabwe, is facing water quantity and quality problems, with serious pollution of the downstream Lake Chivero. Often, these problems are attributed to rapid population growth, inadequate maintenance of wastewater treatment plants, expensive technologies and a poor institutional framework. Rampant urban agriculture could also result in washing off and leaching of nutrients. This paper brings out a number of issues related to sustainable water management in Harare. The study was based on key informant interviews, focus group discussions and a literature review.
The results show that monitoring and enforcement of regulations in Harare is poor because of economic hardships and lack of political will to deal with offenders. Also, there is irregular collection of garbage, low fines owing to hyper-inflation and a general failure by the city to collect water and other charges from residents. The city has also failed to raise tariffs to economic levels owing to heavy lobbying by residents and interference by government. It was concluded that Harare cannot overcome its water-related problems under the current set-up. It is recommended that a corporatised body, free from political influence and with a higher degree of autonomy, be established to run the water services for Harare and the neighbouring towns. Such a body would need a sound and flexible system for setting tariffs and enacting/enforcing reasonable regulations.
Evaluating the impact of ponds in sustaining crop production: a case of Zhanghe irrigation system in China
Authors: Mushtaq Shahbaz , Khan Shahbaz , Hafeez Mohsin 
Published: February 2009

Ponds are small reservoirs located in irrigated areas that allow farmers to capture rainfall, store surplus water from irrigation canals and conserve water from other sources. These ponds allow the users to obtain water on-demand providing built-in flexibility by storing water close to water users. Though ponds have been used widely in irrigated areas for many years, a recent increase in the construction of ponds because of growing water shortages and government policies are placing greater need on understanding their role in sustaining crop production.
We evaluated the impact of ponds in sustaining agricultural production, specifically the impact of ponds on cost of irrigation, crop area and production. Multivariate regression models were developed to assess the impact of ponds. The results of an assessment of the impact of access to pond water indicated that it reduces the total cost of irrigation. However, the effect is not statistically significant, whereas access to pond water had some positive but non significant impact on rice area and yield. The results did not show any significant increase in yield and rice area because of the similar quality of ponds and the ZIS canal water; the ZIS contributes around 20% to pond water. However, comparing yield using pond water and rainfed agriculture may show a significant impact of pond water. We envision that ponds will continue to play vital roles in sustaining agricultural production.
Evaluation of the agreement among three handheld blood glucose meters and a laboratory blood analyzer for measurement of blood glucose concentration in Hispaniolan Amazon parrots (Amazona ventralis)
Authors: Acierno Mark J. , Mitchell Mark A. , Schuster Patricia J. , Freeman Diana , Sanchez-Migallon Guzman David , Jr Thomas N. Tully 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
Objective—To determine the degree of agreement between 3 commercially available point-of-care blood glucose meters and a laboratory analyzer for measurement of blood glucose concentrations in Hispaniolan Amazon parrots (Amazona ventralis).
Animals—20 healthy adult Hispaniolan Amazon parrots.
Procedures—A 26-gauge needle and 3-mL syringe were used to obtain a blood sample (approx 0.5 mL) from a jugular vein of each parrot. Small volumes of blood (0.6 to 1.5 μL) were used to operate each of the blood glucose meters, and the remainder was placed into lithium heparin microtubes and centrifuged. Plasma was harvested and frozen at −30°C. Within 5 days after collection, plasma samples were thawed and plasma glucose concen-trations were measured by means of the laboratory analyzer. Agreement between pairs of blood glucose meters and between each blood glucose meter and the laboratory analyzer was evaluated by means of the Bland-Altman method, and limits of agreement (LOA) were calculated.
Results—None of the results of the 3 blood glucose meters agreed with results of the laboratory analyzer. Each point-of-care blood glucose meter underestimated the blood glucose concentration, and the degree of negative bias was not consistent (meter A bias, −94.9 mg/dL [LOA, −148.0 to −41.7 mg/dL]; meter B bias, −52 mg/dL [LOA, −107.5 to 3.5 mg/dL]; and meter C bias, −78.9 mg/dL [LOA, −137.2 to −20.6 mg/dL]).
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—On the basis of these results, use of handheld blood glucose meters in the diagnosis or treatment of Hispaniolan Amazon parrots and other psittacines cannot be recommended.
Estimation of glomerular filtration rate via 2- and 4-sample plasma clearance of iohexol and creatinine in clinically normal cats
Authors: Heiene Reidun , Reynolds Brice S. , Bexfield Nicholas H. , Larsen Stig , Gerritsen Robert J. 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
Objective—To compare 2 methods for estimation of glomerular filtration rate (GFR), study the effects of age and body size on GFR estimates, and provide a reference range for estimated GFR in clinically normal cats.
Animals—57 cats.
Procedures—In each cat, GFR was estimated via plasma clearance of iohexol and creatinine. Results of a 1-compartmental model (CL1comp) were calibrated to a trapezoidal method estimate (CLtrap) by use of a correction formula applicable to dogs or humans and standardized to body weight; for iohexol clearance, data were also standardized to extracellular fluid volume (ECFV). For all 57 cats, method comparison was performed via agreement analysis. Reference ranges for GFR derived by the different methods were established by use of data from a subset of 51 cats after exclusion of 6 cats that were azotemic, Birman, or both.
Results—In 57 cats, mean CLtrap of creatinine was 0.29 mL/min/kg (13%) higher than CLtrap of iohexol. In 51 nonazotemic cats, mean CLtrap was 2.26 mL/min/kg for iohexol (reference range, 1.02 to 3.50 mL/min/kg) and 2.55 mL/min/kg for creatinine (reference range, 1.27 to 3.83 mL/min/kg). Values of GFR/kg or GFR standardized to liters of ECFV did not decrease with increasing age. A negative linear relationship was detected between body weight and estimated GFR/kg or GFR standardized to liters of ECFV.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Reference ranges for estimated GFR via plasma clearance of iohexol and creatinine should facilitate early detection of impaired renal function in cats, although body weight should be taken into account.
Histologic evaluation of the diversity of epidermal laminae in hooves of horses without clinical signs of laminitis
Authors: Kawasako Kazufumi , Higashi Takafumi , Nakaji Yoshihiro , Komine Misa , Hirayama Kazuko , Matsuda Kazuya , Okamoto Minoru , Hashimoto Hiromitsu , Tagami Masaaki , Tsunoda Nobuo , Taniyama Hiroyuki 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate the histologic diversity of epidermal laminae in hooves from horses without clinical signs of laminitis.
Sample Population—Formalin-fixed samples of stratum internum obtained from the mid region of the dorsal aspect of the hoof wall from the forelimbs of 35Thoroughbred cadavers (including foals [n = 9], yearlings [5], 2 year olds [6], racing horses [5], and mares [10]).
Procedures—Paraffin-embedded laminar tissues were stained with H&E for the evaluation of architectural variety of primary epidermal laminae (PEL) and secondary epidermal laminae (SEL). For detection of cytokeratin (CK) expression in epidermal laminae, immunohisto-chemical staining was performed by use of anti-CK14 and anti-CK8.12 antibodies.
Results—The morphology of the PEL, SEL, and tips of PEL was classified into 3, 5, and 3 patterns, respectively. Differences in the predominant type of SEL depended on their location with respect to the laminar interface. In SEL attached to the sides of PEL, the basal cells were immunoreactive to CK14 and CK8.12, which was interpreted as a normal pattern. In some SEL at the tips of PEL, the suprabasal cells expressed CK14, CK8.12, or both, which constituted a hyperplastic pattern.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The histologic diversity of epidermal laminae from hooves of Thoroughbreds was attributable to the combined morphology of PEL and SEL. Detection of hyperplastic changes in the laminar interface does not justify a diagnosis of laminitis because such changes can develop independent of clinical disease. The classification system used here should aid investigators in making a more accurate histologic evaluation of laminae.
Comparison of caudal epidural anesthesia by use of lidocaine versus a lidocaine–magnesium sulfate combination in cattle
Authors: Dehghani Seifollah N. , Bigham Amin S. 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
Objective—To compare time of onset and duration of analgesia obtained by epidural administration of a lidocaine–magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) combination versus a lidocaine–distilled water combination in cattle.
Animals—5 healthy adult (mean ± SD age, 4.6 ± 0.5 years) Holstein cows (body weight, 480.0 ± 71 kg).
Procedures—Caudal epidural anesthesia was obtained in all cows with 2% lidocaine (0.22 mg/kg) solution and 1 mL of distilled water, and 2 weeks later, anesthesia was repeated with 2% lidocaine (0.22 mg/kg) solution and 1 mL of 10% MgSO4 solution. Time to onset, duration, and cranial spread of analgesia were recorded. Heart rate, respiratory rate, and body temperature were recorded at minute 0 prior to epidural administrations of each treatment (baseline) and at 5, 10, 15, 30, 60, and 75 minutes after epidural administration of each treatment.
Results—Onset of analgesia was significantly different following epidural administration of lidocaine–distilled water (mean ± SD, 2.82 ± 0.33 minutes) versus lidocaine-MgSO4 (4.76 ± 0.59 minutes). Epidural administration of lidocaine-MgSO4 produced analgesia of significantly longer duration (168 ± 2.6 minutes) than that of lidocaine–distilled water (59.8 ± 3.4 minutes). No significant differences were observed in heart rate, respiratory rate, and body temperature, compared with baseline values, for lidocaine–distilled water or lidocaine-MgSO4 treatments.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The combination of lidocaine with MgSO4 produced analgesia of longer duration than lidocaine with distilled water. By use of this combination, long-duration obstetric and surgical procedures could commence relatively soon after epidural injection and could be completed without readministration of anesthetic.