bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vitamin K‐Independent Warfarin Resistance After Concurrent Administration of Warfarin and Continuous Enteral Nutrition
Authors: Dickerson Roland N. , Garmon Wesley M. , Kuhl David A. , Minard Gayle , Brown Rex O. 
Published: February 2008

Study Objective. To assess the influence of withholding continuous enteral nutrition for 1 hour before and after warfarin administration compared with the coadministration of warfarin with continuous enteral nutrition on changes in international normalized ratios (INRs).Design. Retrospective, crossover case series.Setting. Intensive care units of a university‐affiliated medical center.Patients. Six adults who required nutritional support for at least the first 10 consecutive days of warfarin therapy; during that 10‐day period, they had a period of at least 3 consecutive days during which the enteral feeding was withheld for 1 hour before and after warfarin administration, and had a period of at least 3 consecutive days when feedings were not withheld during warfarin administration. Patients with advanced liver disease and those who received therapies, during the observation period, that significantly alter warfarin metabolism were omitted from the study.Measurements and Main Results. The change in INR during the 3‐day observation period when feedings were withheld for 1 hour before and after warfarin administration was significantly different versus the change in INR during coadministration of warfarin with continuous feeding (mean ± SD 0.74 ± 0.66 vs −0.13 ± 0.81, p<0.05). This difference in INR response occurred despite the administration of similar dosages of warfarin (5.6 ± 2.1 vs 5.7 ± 2.1 mg/day, p>0.05). Also noted was a clinically irrelevant, but statistically significant, difference in vitamin K intake between treatment periods (77 ± 36 μg/day when feedings were withheld vs 102 ± 28 μg/day when feedings were not withheld, p≥0.05).Conclusion. Continuous enteral nutrition should be withheld for 1 hour before and after warfarin administration to prevent enteral nutrition‐associated warfarin resistance.
Lipid‐Lowering Efficacy and Safety After Switching to Atazanavir‐Ritonavir‐Based Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy in Patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Authors: Nguyen Sean T. , Eaton Susan A. , Bain Amy M. , Rahman Anita P. , Payne Kenna D. , Bedimo Roger , Herrington Jon D. , Maclayton Darego O. , Rodriguez‐Barradas Maria C. , Busti Anthony J. 
Published: February 2008

Study Objective. To evaluate the efficacy, safety, and lipid‐lowering effects after switching from a non‐atazanavir‐containing, protease inhibitor‐based highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) to atazanavir‐ritonavir‐based HAART in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).Design. Multicenter, noncontrolled, retrospective study.Setting. Three tertiary teaching hospitals.Patients. Thirty‐six patients with HIV infection, aged 18 years or older, who were receiving non‐atazanavir‐containing, protease inhibitor‐based HAART that was switched to atazanavir 300 mg‐ritonavir 100 mg‐based HAART without changes in nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors and confounders known to alter serum lipid levels.Measurements and Main Results. Lipid profiles measured 4 weeks‐6 months before the switch, as well as follow‐up lipid profiles measured 4 weeks‐6 months after receiving the new HAART regimen, were evaluated. The switch resulted in the following changes in lipid levels: total cholesterol−9% (p=0.002), low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol−13% (p<0.001), high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL)−2% (p=0.431), triglycerides−23% (p=0.007), non‐HDL−11% (p=0.002), total cholesterol:HDL ratio−10% (p=0.004), and triglyceride:HDL ratio−24% (p=0.019). A subgroup analysis was conducted on the lipid profiles of nine patients who still met the strict inclusion and exclusion criteria up to 9 months after the switch; it showed that the reductions in their lipid profiles were sustained. In addition, 33% more patients achieved their National Cholesterol Education Panel (NCEP) Adult Treatment Panel (ATP) III cholesterol goals. No significant changes were noted in median (interquartile range) CD4+ counts (372 [236–551] and 361 [217–464] cells/mm3, p=0.118) or in number of patients with undetectable HIV viral loads ([defined as < 50 copies/ml] 32/36 and 31/36 patients, p>0.05) between baseline and after the switch, respectively.Conclusion. Switching to an atazanavir‐ritonavir‐based HAART regimen was associated with significant improvement in lipid profiles, similar to those seen in clinical trials, without compromising safety or viral and immunologic control. In addition, more patients were able to achieve their NCEP ATP III goals.
Design, Execution, and Evaluation of Frac and Pack (F&P) Treatments in Unconsolidated Sand Formations in the Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Wong G. K. , Fors R. R. , Casassa J. S. , Hite R. H. , Shlyapobersky Jacob 
Published: February 2008

Abstract
This paper presents a skin analysis of Frac and Pack (F&P) completions and summarizes our F&P design methodology, field execution procedures, and productivity responses for ten F&P jobs done in a wide range of field conditions in the Gulf of Mexico (GOM). The purpose of the paper is to identify design and job execution requirements to better optimize F&P treatments.
The skin analysis revealed that near-wellbore skins, from perforation tunnels (casing and cement sheath) and a choked fracture, can dominate the final F&P completion skin. Near-wellbore skins are particularly damaging when F&P treatments have low dimensionless fracture conductivity ratios (FCD) and when perforation tunnels are not filled with permeable proppant. Therefore, F&P designs should aim for high fracture conductivities with FCD greater than one and fill perforation tunnels with proppant permeability greater than 200 times the formation permeability. For most applications in GOM, such requirements require larger proppant sizes that may not satisfy gravel packing requirements.
Besides maximizing the FCD, the perforating completion and the execution of F&P should include steps to minimize near-wellbore damage. These include perforating with high shot density and big hole charges, initiating or breaking down the fracture with high pump rate, packing the fracture (near the wellbore) with high concentration loading of sand, implementing fluid quality control, and providing sufficient breakers for the fracturing fluid.
Frac and Pack Stimulation: Application, Design, and Field Experience From the Gulf of Mexico to Borneo
Authors: Roodhart L. P. , Fokker P. A. , Davies D. R. , Shlyapobersky Jacob , Wong G. K. 
Published: February 2008

Abstract
A relatively short, highly conductive fracture created in a reservoir of moderate to high permeability will breach near-wellbore damage, reduce the drawdown, near-wellbore flow velocity and stresses and increase the effective wellbore radius. Fracturing treatments in such reservoirs consist of two stages: 1) fracture creation, terminated by tip screen-out, and 2) fracture inflation and packing. Such a two-stage treatment is the basis of a number of new well completion methods, known as "Frac & Pack". This technique has been successfully applied for a range of fracture sizes in various reservoirs in many parts of the globe.
The selection criteria for wells to be Frac & Packed are discussed. It is shown how an inflow-performance simulator can be used for assessing the potential of Frac & Packed wells, to identify the controlling factors and to optimize design parameters. It is shown that fracture conductivity is often the key to successful treatment. This conductivity is largely dependent on proppant size; formation permeability damage around the created fracture has less effect. The application of the overpressure-calibrated hydraulic fracture model in the design of Frac & Pack treatments and some operational considerations are illustrated with reference to field examples.
The full potential of this promising new completion method will only be achieved if the design is tailored to the individual well. This demands high-quality input data that can only be obtained from a calibration test.
This paper presents the strategy we have worked out for Frac & Pack design, with illustrations from field experience. Several areas which need to be addressed by the industry, such as proppant sizing in soft formations and fluid-resin interaction during use of resin-coated proppant, are identified.
LED vs Halogen Light-Curing of Adhesive-Precoated Brackets
Authors: Mirabella Davide , Spena Raffaele , Scognamiglio Giovanni , Luca Lombardo , Gracco Antonio , Siciliani Giuseppe 
Published: February 2008

Abstract
Objective: To test the hypothesis that bonding with a blue light-emitting diode (LED) curing unit produces no more failures in adhesive-precoated (APC) orthodontic brackets than bonding carried out by a conventional halogen lamp.
Materials and Methods: Sixty-five patients were selected for this randomized clinical trial, in which a total of 1152 stainless steel APC brackets were employed. In order to carry out a valid comparison of the bracket failure rate following use of each type of curing unit, each patient's mouth was divided into four quadrants. In 34 of the randomly selected patients, designated group A, the APC brackets of the right maxillary and left mandibular quadrants were bonded using a halogen light, while the remaining quadrants were treated with an LED curing unit. In the other 31 patients, designated group B, halogen light was used to cure the left maxillary and right mandibular quadrants, whereas the APC brackets in the remaining quadrants were bonded using an LED dental curing light. The bonding date, the type of light used for curing, and the date of any bracket failures over a mean period of 8.9 months were recorded for each bracket and, subsequently, the chi-square test, the Yates-corrected chi-square test, the Fisher exact test, Kaplan-Meier survival estimates, and the log-rank test were employed in statistical analyses of the results.
Results: No statistically significant difference in bond failure rate was found between APC brackets bonded with the halogen light-curing unit and those cured with LED light. However, significantly fewer bonding failures were noted in the maxillary arch (1.67%) than in the mandibular arch (4.35%) after each light-curing technique.
Conclusions: The hypothesis cannot be rejected since use of an LED curing unit produces similar APC bracket failure rates to use of conventional halogen light, with the advantage of a far shorter curing time (10 seconds).
Cone Beam Computed Tomography 3D Reconstruction of the Mandibular Condyle
Authors: Schlueter Brian , Kim Ki Beom , Oliver Donald , Sortiropoulos Gus 
Published: February 2008

AbstractObjective: To determine the ideal window level and width needed for cone beam computed three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of the condyle.Materials and Methods: Linear dimensions were measured with a digital caliper to assess the anatomic truth for 50 dry human mandibular condyles. Condyles were scanned with the i-CAT cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and 3D-models were reconstructed. Three linear three-dimensional measurements were made on each of the 50 condyles at 8 different Hounsfield unit (HU) windows. These measurements were compared with the anatomic truth. Volumetric measurements were also completed on all 50 condyles, at 23 different window levels, to define the volumetric distribution of bone mineral density (BMD) within the condyle.Results: Significant differences were found in two of the three linear measurement groups at and below the recommended viewing window for osseous structures. The most accurate measurements were made within the soft tissue range for HU window levels. Volumetric distribution measurements revealed that the condyles were mostly comprised of low-density bone, and that condyles exhibiting significant changes in linear measurements were shown to have higher percentages of low-density bone than those condyles with little change from the anatomic truth.Conclusions: CBCT assessment of the mandibular condyle, using the 3D reconstruction, is most accurate when accomplished at density levels below that recommended for osseous examination. However, utilizing lower window levels which extend into the soft tissue range, may compromise one's capacity to view the bony topography.
Healing of Periodontal Tissues Following Transplantation of Cells in a Rat Orthodontic Tooth Movement Model
Authors: Nayak Bob N. , Wiltshire William A. , Ganss Ben , Tenenbaum Howard , McCulloch Christopher A. G. , Lekic Charles 
Published: February 2008

Abstract
Objective: To determine the fate and differentiation of transplanted periodontal ligament (PL) precursor cells and mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells and their relative capacity to regenerate wounded periodontium.
Materials and Methods: Orthodontic tooth movement was introduced 24 hours before transplantation of PL or ES cells, and rats were euthanized either 24 hours or 72 hours after cell transplantation. The control rats received either no tooth movement and no cell transplantation or tooth movement and no cell transplantation. Differentiation of transplanted cells was assessed from mandibular periodontal histological tissue sections by immunohistochemical methods using monoclonal antibodies against PL cell differentiation markers. Data were analyzed using Student's t-test at a significance level of P = .05.
Results: Transplantation of PL and ES cells resulted in a higher number of osteopontin, bone sialoprotein, and α-smooth muscle actin labeled transplanted cells, predominantly around the blood vessels of the periodontium in study rats compared with control rats (cell transplantation but no orthodontic tooth movement, P = .05). Combined treatments of tooth movement and cell transplantation resulted in enhanced regeneration of the periodontium as a result of tooth movement. Transplantation of PL cells induced a higher number of differentiating cells in the PL and alveolar bone than did transplantation of ES cells.
Conclusions: Orthodontic tooth movement promotes the differentiation of transplanted cells, and the differentiation occurs predominantly in the paravascular areas of the periodontium. In terms of regeneration of wounded periodontium, transplantation of PL cells produced a higher level of regeneration than ES cells, possibly because of PL cell plasticity and the capacity to undergo effective differentiation in the periodontal cellular microenvironment.
Effects of Short- and Long-Term Celecoxib on Orthodontic Tooth Movement
Authors: Hauber Gameiro Gustavo , Nouer Darcy Flávio , Pereira Neto João Sarmento , Siqueira Vânia Célia , Andrade Eduardo Dias , Duarte Novaes Pedro , Veiga Maria Cecília Ferraz 
Published: February 2008

AbstractObjective: To test the hypothesis that short- and long-term celecoxib administration has no effect on orthodontic tooth movement.Materials and Methods: Male Wistar rats were submitted to short- (3 days) and long-term (14 days) celecoxib administration, while the respective control groups received equivolumetric saline intraperitoneal injections. The upper left first molars of all rats were moved mesially for 14 days by a fixed orthodontic appliance exerting 50 g force upon insertion. After the experimental period, tooth movement was quantified and tissues around the first molar were processed for tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) histochemistry. The amount of tooth movement and the number of TRAP-positive cells on the alveolar bone surface were evaluated.Results: The amount of tooth movement was significantly reduced in rats submitted to short- and long-term celecoxib administration, while the number of osteoclasts on the alveolar bone did not differ between the four groups studied.Conclusions: The hypothesis is rejected. Although celecoxib administration did not affect the number of osteoclasts, the osteoclast activity might be reduced, which could explain the inhibition of tooth movement observed in the celecoxib-treated animals. These results indicate that orthodontists should be aware of patients under short- and long-term therapy with celecoxib.
Relationship of Glycemic Control, Exogenous Insulin, and C-Peptide Levels to Ischemic Heart Disease Mortality Over a 16-Year Period in People With Older-Onset Diabetes
Authors: Hirai Flavio E. , Moss Scot E. , Klein Barbara E.K. , Klein Ronald 
Published: February 2008

OBJECTIVE—The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship of glycemic control and exogenous and endogenous insulin levels with all-cause and cause-specific mortality (ischemic heart disease and stroke) in an older-onset diabetic population.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—The Wisconsin Epidemiologic Study of Diabetic Retinopathy (WESDR) is an ongoing, prospective, population-based cohort study of individuals with diabetes first examined in 1980–1982. A stratified sample of all individuals with diabetes diagnosed at 30 years of age or older was labeled “older-onset” (n = 1,370). Those participating in the 1984–1986 examination phase (n = 1,007) were included in the analysis. Endogenous insulin was determined by measurements of plasma C-peptide (in nanomoles per liter), and exogenous insulin was calculated in units per kilogram per day. Glycemic control was determined by levels of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1).
RESULTS—After 16 years of follow-up, 824 individuals died (all-cause mortality); 358 deaths involved ischemic heart disease and 137 involved stroke. C-peptide and HbA1 were significantly associated with all-cause and ischemic heart disease mortality in our study. The hazard ratio (95% CI) values for all-cause mortality were 1.12 (1.07–1.17) per 1% increase in HbA1, 1.20 (0.85–1.69) per 1 unit · kg−1 · day−1 increase in exogenous insulin, and 1.15 (1.04–1.29) per 1 nmol/l increase in C-peptide and for ischemic heart disease mortality were 1.14 (1.06–1.22), 1.50 (0.92–2.46), and 1.19 (1.02–1.39) for HbA1, exogenous insulin, and C-peptide, respectively, after adjusting for relevant confounders. C-peptide was associated with stroke mortality only among men (1.65 [1.07–2.53]).
CONCLUSIONS—Our results show that individuals with higher endogenous insulin levels are at higher risk of all-cause, ischemic heart disease, and stroke mortality.
A Risk Score for Type 1 Diabetes Derived From Autoantibody-Positive Participants in the Diabetes Prevention Trial–Type 1
Authors: Sosenko Jay M. , Krischer Jeffrey P. , Palmer Jerry P. , Mahon Jeffrey , Cowie Catherine , Greenbaum Carla J. , Cuthbertson David , Lachin John M. , Skyler Jay S. ,   the Diabetes Prevention Trial–Type 1 Study Group
Published: February 2008

OBJECTIVE—The accurate prediction of type 1 diabetes is essential for appropriately identifying prevention trial participants. Thus, we have developed a risk score for the prediction of type 1 diabetes.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Diabetes Prevention Trial–Type 1 (DPT-1) participants, islet cell autoantibody (ICA)-positive relatives of type 1 diabetic patients (n = 670), were randomly divided into development and validation samples. Risk score values were calculated for the validation sample from development sample model coefficients obtained through forward stepwise proportional hazards regression.
RESULTS—A risk score based on a model including log-BMI, age, log-fasting C-peptide, and postchallenge glucose and C-peptide sums from 2-h oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs) was derived from the development sample. The baseline risk score strongly predicted type 1 diabetes in the validation sample (χ2 = 82.3, P &lt; 0.001). Its strength of prediction was almost the same (χ2 = 83.3) as a risk score additionally dependent on a decreased first-phase insulin response variable from intravenous glucose tolerance tests (IVGTTs). Biochemical autoantibodies did not contribute significantly to the risk score model. A final type 1 diabetes risk score was then derived from all participants with the same variables as those in the development sample model. The change in the type 1 diabetes risk score from baseline to 1 year was in itself also highly predictive of type 1 diabetes (P &lt; 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS—A risk score based on age, BMI, and OGTT indexes, without dependence on IVGTTs or additional autoantibodies, appears to accurately predict type 1 diabetes in ICA-positive relatives.
Human Insulin Analog–Induced Lipoatrophy
Authors: Lopez Ximena , Castells Mariana , Ricker Alyne , Velazquez Elsa F. , Mun Edward , Goldfine Allison B. 
Published: February 2008

OBJECTIVE—To characterize the pathophysiology of recombinant human insulin-induced lipoatrophy.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—We performed immunologic laboratory evaluation and skin testing for different insulin analogs and diluents in patients with type 1 diabetes and severe insulin-induced local lipoatrophy. Subcutaneous adipose tissue biopsies of areas of acute (7 days) and chronic insulin administration were examined. Topical sodium cromolyn was applied twice a day to atrophic areas and prophylactically to new sites of insulin administration.
RESULTS—Subcutaneous adipose biopsies showed an elevated population of tryptase-positive, chymase-positive degranulated mast cells. Of five patients treated with topical sodium cromolyn, none had new lipoatrophic sites and four showed improvements in old lesions.
CONCLUSIONS—Tryptase-positive/chymase-postitive mast cells, known to be sensitive to sodium cromolyn, may contribute to the destructive immune process mediated in response to exogenous insulin. Mast cell stabilizing therapy with topical cromolyn may reverse early and prevent new lipoatrophic lesions.
Clinical Predictors of Disease Progression and Medication Initiation in Untreated Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and A1C Less Than 7%
Authors: Pani Lydie Nkwimi , Nathan David Matthew , Grant Richard William 
Published: February 2008

OBJECTIVE—Many patients with early diabetes remain untreated. Our objectives were to identify clinical predictors of 1) worsening glycemic control and 2) medical treatment initiation in response to worsening glycemic control among patients with type 2 diabetes.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—We identified 5,804 type 2 diabetic patients seen at least twice between June 2005 and June 2006 within our 12-clinic primary care network. We examined predictors of diabetes progression (A1C ≥7% or initiation of hypoglycemic agent) over a 1-year follow-up period in 705 patients who had A1C &lt;7% and were not on glucose-lowering medications at baseline. In the 200 patients in this group who progressed, we examined predictors of medical therapy initiation.
RESULTS—In multivariate analyses, baseline A1C (P &lt; 0.0001), younger age (P = 0.04), and weight gain (P = 0.03) were independent predictors of progression after adjusting for race, sex, and baseline HDL levels. Each decade of increasing age reduced the risk of progression by 15%. Each 1-lb increase in weight was associated with a 2% increased odds of progression. Likelihood of medication initiation among progressors decreased by 40% (P = 0.02) with every decade of age and decreased by 2.3% (P = 0.02) with each 1-mg/dl decrease in LDL level from baseline after adjusting for race, sex, and weight change.
CONCLUSIONS—Among untreated primary care patients with type 2 diabetes and A1C &lt;7%, younger patients and those with weight gain were more likely to have diabetes progression and should be the focus of aggressive diabetes management.