bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental failure analysis of two‐serial‐bolted composite plates
Authors: Sen Faruk , Sayman Onur 
Published: March 2009

AbstractIn this study, a failure analysis of two‐serial‐bolted glass‐fiber‐reinforced epoxy composite plates was performed. To determine the influences of the joint geometry and stacking sequences on the bearing strength and failure mode, parametric studies were carried out experimentally. Three different geometrical parameters—the ratio of the edge distance to the hole diameter (E/D), the ratio of the plate width to the hole diameter (W/D), and the ratio of the distance between two holes to the hole diameter (K/D)—were considered. For this reason, the E/D, W/D, and K/D ratios were designed to range from 1 to 5, from 2 to 5, and from 3 to 5, respectively. Furthermore, the tests were performed with various preload moments (2, 3, 4, and 5 Nm) and without any preload moments (0 Nm). Because of the observed effect of the material parameters on the failure behavior, composite laminated plates were stacked in two different stacking sequences: [0°/0°/30°/30°]s and [0°/0°/45°/45°]s. The experimental results indicated that the failure response of the two‐serial‐bolted joints were strictly affected by the material parameters, geometrical parameters, and values of the applied preload moments. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
The structure of the hyperlink network formed by the Web pages of Japanese public libraries
Authors: Kawamura Shuntaro , Otake Yo‐Hey , Suzuki Takafumi 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThis article analyzes the structure of the hyperlink network formed by the Web pages of Japanese public libraries and its relationship with the network formed by Inter‐Library Loans (ILLs), the traditional system of cooperation among public libraries. Our results indicate that (a) the hyperlink network is effectively connected in the sense that each library is reachable from other libraries by clicking a few links and (b) the network has many groups of libraries that cooperate with each other. Most of the cliques consist of prefectural libraries or libraries in the same prefecture. The hyperlink network shows two of the same tendencies as the ILL network: (a) The connection among libraries that are geographically close to each other or in the same administrative unit is strong, and (b) prefectural libraries occupy the central position. There are differences between them, however, in terms of the amount of ILLs and cliques. We conclude that Japanese public libraries have formed a network on the Web that is strongly affected by traditional cooperation, but also incorporates some new types of cooperation from the perspective of cliques.
Twenty‐year outcome for individuals with autism and average or near‐average cognitive abilities
Authors: Farley Megan A. , McMahon William M. , Fombonne Eric , Jenson William R. , Miller Judith , Gardner Michael , Block Heidi , Pingree Carmen B. , Ritvo Edward R. , Ritvo Riva Arielle , Coon Hilary 
Published: March 2009

AbstractPrevious studies found substantial variability in adult outcome for people with autism whose cognitive functioning was within the near‐average and average ranges. This study examined adult outcome for 41 such individuals (38 men and 3 women) originally identified through an epidemiological survey of autism in Utah. Mean age at the time of their previous cognitive assessment was 7.2 years (SD=4.1, range=3.1–25.9 years) and at follow‐up was 32.5 years (SD=5.7 years, range=22.3–46.4 years). Outcome measures included standardized assessments of diagnostic status, cognitive ability, and adaptive behavior. Additional information collected concerned demographic variables, indicators of independence, social relationships, medical and psychiatric conditions, and social service use. Outcomes for this sample were better than outcomes described in previous work on individuals with similar cognitive functioning. For example, half of the participants were rated as “Very Good” or “Good” on a global outcome measure. As in previous studies, there was considerable variability in measured cognitive ability over time. Over half of the sample had large gains or losses of cognitive ability of greater than 1 standard deviation. Cognitive gain was associated with better outcome, as was better adaptive functioning. While all participants had baseline IQs in the nonimpaired range, there was limited evidence to support the use of other early childhood variables to predict adult outcome.
Effects of cellulase and xylanase enzymes on the deconstruction of solids from pretreatment of poplar by leading technologies
Authors: Kumar Rajeev , Wyman Charles E. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractComparative data is presented on glucose and xylose release for enzymatic hydrolysis of solids produced by pretreatment of poplar wood by ammonia fiber expansion (AFEX), ammonia recycled percolation (ARP), controlled pH, dilute acid, flowthrough (FT), lime, and sulfur dioxide (SO2) technologies. Sugar solubilization was measured for times of up to 72 h using cellulase supplemented with β‐glucosidase at an activity ratio of 1:2, respectively, at combined protein mass loadings of 5.8–116 mg/g of glucan in poplar wood prior to pretreatment. In addition, the enzyme cocktail was augmented with up to 11.0 g of xylanase protein per gram of cellulase protein at combined cellulase and β‐glucosidase mass loadings of 14.5 and 29.0 mg protein (about 7.5 and 15 FPU, respectively)/g of original potential glucose to evaluate cellulase–xylanase interactions. All pretreated poplar solids required high protein loadings to realize good sugar yields via enzymatic hydrolysis, and performance tended to be better for low pH pretreatments by dilute sulfuric acid and sulfur dioxide, possibly due to higher xylose removal. Glucose release increased nearly linearly with residual xylose removal by enzymes for all pretreatments, xylanase leverage on glucan removal decreased at high cellulase loadings. Washing the solids improved digestion for all pretreatments and was particularly beneficial for controlled pH pretreatment. Furthermore, incubation of pretreated solids with BSA, Tween 20, or PEG6000 prior to adding enzymes enhanced yields, but the effectiveness of these additives varied with the type of pretreatment. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2009
Model‐free feedback design for a mixed cancer therapy
Authors: Chareyron S. , Alamir M. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractIn this article, a model‐free feedback control design is proposed for the drug administration in mixed cancer therapy. This strategy is very attractive because of the important issue of parameter uncertainties unavoidable when dealing with biological models. The proposed feedback scheme use past measurements to update an on‐line simplified model. The control design is then based on model predictive control in which a suitable switching is performed between two different cost functions. The effectiveness of the proposed model‐free control strategy is validated using a recently developed model (unknown to the controller) governing the cancer growth on a cells population level under combined immune and chemotherapy and using real human data. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2009
Plant‐produced human growth hormone shows biological activity in a rat model
Authors: Rabindran Shailaja , Stevenson Natalie , Roy Gourgopal , Fedorkin Oleg , Skarjinskaia Marina , Ensley Burt , Yusibov Vidadi 
Published: March 2009

AbstractPlants have been shown to be efficient systems for expressing a wide range of recombinant proteins from various origins. Here, using a plant virus‐based expression vector to produce human growth hormone (hGH) in Nicotiana benthamiana plants, we demonstrate, for the first time, that the plant‐produced hGH (pphGH) is biologically active in a hypophysectomized rat model. We observed an average weight gain of ∼17 g per animal in a group of 10 animals that were injected subcutaneously with pphGH with 60 μg/dose for 10 days. With the increasing demand for hGH, accompanied with the need to make this recombinant protein available to a wider population at a more reasonable cost, plants provide a feasible alternative to current production platforms. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2009
Presenting implicit relevance feedback in educational search engine
Authors: Gao Kai 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe retrieval result of search engine depends on the proposed query term. If users cannot present proper query terms, some retrieval results are irrelevant. However, it is also difficult for users to present proper terms all the time. Generally, users want to obtain related information including some relevant results rather than those containing given terms merely, so it is necessary for the search engine system to present some relevant results, which can be attained by adopting relevance feedback mechanisms. This article presents some strategies on presenting implicit feedbacks in educational search engine by analyzing clickthrough data and extracting Chinese key‐terms from the relevant pages. In order to do so, users' query statements should be analyzed, and a novel algorithm FPR is used to mine the interests of the majority by analyzing the clickthrough data. The method on Chinese key‐terms weighting and extracting is also present. On the basis of the above works, the proposed educational search engine can feedback some relevant terms. This can present hints for the user to retrieve some relevant results easily. The performance evaluation and experimental results show the feasibility of the approach. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 19: 294–304, 2011
Attributes of social and human capital disclosure and information asymmetry between managers and investors
Authors: Cormier Denis , Aerts Walter , Ledoux Marie‐Josée , Magnan Michel 
Published: March 2009

AbstractWe extend the literature on voluntary disclosure by investigating the impact of precision attribute of social and human capital disclosure on information asymmetry. We provide evidence on how the stock market reacts to different levels of information precision. Overall, results suggest that quantitative disclosure reduces share price volatility and increases Tobin's Q. As expected, firm size attenuates the impact of precision attribute of disclosure on information asymmetry. Furthermore, it appears that firms take into account ultimate costs and benefits to shareholders when determining precision attribute of their disclosure. Finally, our results suggest that efficient governance leads to more disclosure. Copyright © 2009 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Workplace risks and stressors as predictors of burnout: The moderating impact of job control and team efficacy
Authors: Day Arla L. , Sibley Aaron , Scott Natasha , Tallon John M. , Ackroyd‐Stolarz Stacy 
Published: March 2009

AbstractAir medical healthcare (AMH) professionals care for critically‐ill individuals while conveying them to healthcare centres from distant, and frequently dangerous, locations. AMH professionals experience additional health and safety issues beyond the “typical” stressors faced by other healthcare professionals. Therefore, we integrated the safety and psychosocial health literatures to examine the relationship between workplace stressors (risk perception, worries, and patient‐care barriers) and two components of burnout (emotional exhaustion; depersonalization), and the moderating impact of job control and team efficacy for 106 Canadian AMH professionals. Worries over medical hassles and barriers to patient care uniquely predicted emotional exhaustion. Lack of perceived control over one's job was related to exhaustion and depersonalization after controlling for stressors. Job control and team efficacy buffered some of the stressor‐burnout relationships. Copyright © 2009 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Measurements of local flow structures of conical spouted beds by optical fibre probes
Authors: Wang Zhiguo , Bi Hsiaotao T. , Lim C. Jim 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA new calibration set‐up was designed and assembled, and a comprehensive sensitivity analysis was conducted to investigate factors that may affect the calibration of the effective distance of an optical fibre particle velocity probe. It is shown that the glass window has the most significant impact on the calibration result.The optical fibre probe was then applied to measure local particle velocities and solid fractions inside a half and a full circular conical spouted bed. It is found that the overall particle velocity profiles, as well as the shapes of the spout and fountain are quite similar in both columns.
Investigation of acoustic signals as a tool for characterizing spouted bed dynamics
Authors: Oliveira W.P. , Grace J.R. , Lim C.J. , Hodgson M.R. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe feasibility of characterizing the dynamics of a spouted bed based on acoustic emission (AE) signals is evaluated. Acoustic emission signals were measured in a semi‐cylindrical Plexiglas column of diameter 150 mm and height 1000 mm with a conical base of internal angle 60° and 25 mm inlet orifice diameter. Data were obtained for U/Ums from 0.3 to 2.0, static bed height from 250 to 500 mm, and glass beads of diameter 1.2 and 2.4 mm. AE signals reflected the effects of particle size and U/Ums, but in general were insensitive to bed depth, even when there were drastic changes in spouting flow patterns. The results indicate that the AE signals were insensitive to the spouted bed hydrodynamics for the conditions studied. Overall, it appears that the AE analysis is unlikely to be a suitable technique for discriminating spouted bed flow regimes, at least for the range of frequencies and operating conditions investigated.
Determinants and Prognostic Implications of Reperfusion Injury During Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Chinese Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Luo Yi , Li Guang‐Lian , Pan Yi‐Zhi , Zhou Shu‐Feng 
Published: March 2009

AbstractBackgroundThe poor clinical outcome in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has been attributed to myocardial ischemia‐reperfusion injury (MIRI).ObjectiveThis study aimed to identify the predictive factors of MIRI during PCI in Chinese AMI patients with or without ST‐segment elevation.MethodsClinical and angiographic data of 228 patients in whom the infarct‐related artery (IRA) was successfully recanalized by primary PCI were retrospectively analyzed. Multiple logistic regressions were used.ResultsCompared with non‐MIRI group (n = 109), patients with MIRI (n = 119) were characterized by more inferior infarct location, shorter ischemic duration, more frequently right coronary artery as IRA, more lesion vessels, more often thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) 0 flow in IRA prior to PCI, less preinfarction angina, and more renal insufficiency. Ischemic time ≤ 6 hours (p = 0.014), inferior infarct location (p = 0.006), and initial antegrade flow in IRA ≤ TIMI grade 1 (p = 0.028) were independent risk factors for MIRI. Other risk factors included multivessel lesions (p = 0.063) and renal insufficiency (p = 0.067). Only preinfarction angina was a protective factor (p = 0.005).ConclusionsThe factors promoting MIRI during primary PCI includes short ischemic time from AMI onset to IRA recanalization, inferior infarct location, low IRA antegrade flow prior to PCI, multivessel lesions, and renal insufficiency, whereas preinfarction angina is a protective factor attenuating MIRI. Copyright © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Structure‐Based Optimization of Aldose Reductase Inhibitors Originating from Virtual Screening
Authors: Eisenmann Michael , Steuber Holger , Zentgraf Matthias , Altenkämper Mirko , Ortmann Regina , Perruchon Johann , Klebe Gerhard , Schlitzer Martin 
Published: March 2009

AbstractVirtual screeningdiscovered two prospective hits as potential leads for aldose reductase inhibition. Based on their crystal structures with the enzyme, a systematic optimization has been performed to reveal a first structure–activity relationship. A central thiophen moiety and a terminal nitro group exhibit the best binding properties.magnified imageDiabetes mellitus is a universal health problem. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 150 million people suffer from diabetes mellitus worldwide in 2005. Long‐term complications are a serious problem in the treatment of diabetes, manifesting in macrovascular and microvascular complications. Sorbitol accumulation has been proposed to be an important factor in the development of microvascular complications such as nephropathy, neuropathy, retinopathy or cataract. Catalyzing the NADPH‐dependent reduction of glucose to sorbitol, aldose reductase (ALR2) is an important target in the prevention of these complications. The development of novel aldose reductase inhibitors is expected to benefit strongly from a structure‐based design approach. A virtual screening based on the ultrahigh‐resolution crystal structure of the inhibitor IDD 594 in complex with human ALR2 identified two compounds with IC50values in the low micro‐ to submicromolar range. Based on the known interactions between the ligands and their binding pocket, we simplified the lead structures to give the minimal structural requirements and developed synthetic pathways from commercially available compounds. The newly synthesized compounds were assayed for their inhibition of ALR2, showing inhibitory activities down to the nanomolar range. Crystal structure analysis of the most potent derivative of our series revealed insights into the binding mode of the inhibitors.
The intratumoral distribution of nuclear β‐catenin is a prognostic marker in colon cancer
Authors: Horst David , Reu Simone , Kriegl Lydia , Engel Jutta , Kirchner Thomas , Jung Andreas 
Published: March 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:Most colon cancers harbor mutations of APC or β‐catenin, both of which may lead to nuclear β‐catenin accumulation in the tumor cells and constitutively activated expression of its target genes. In many colon cancers, however, nuclear β‐catenin accumulation is heterogeneous throughout the tumor and often confined to the tumor margin. Herein, the authors investigated whether the intratumoral distribution of nuclear β‐catenin can serve as a prognostic marker for survival and tumor progression of stage IIA colon cancer patients.METHODS:In total, 142 patients with primarily resected, moderately differentiated stage IIA colon cancer were included in this study. The patterning of nuclear β‐catenin expression was evaluated on immunohistochemically stained whole tissue sections of the tumors and was correlated with cancer‐specific survival and disease‐free survival using univariate and multivariate statistical analyses.RESULTS:Four distinct patterns of nuclear β‐catenin expression were identified, and 2 main categories comprising tumors with or without intratumoral regulation of nuclear β‐catenin were distinguished. Moreover, the results demonstrated that the patterning, and especially the regulation or absence of regulation of nuclear β‐catenin expression, was a strong predictive marker of patient survival and tumor progression.CONCLUSIONS:The current results indicated that the distribution of nuclear β‐catenin expression can be used as a good prognostic marker in patients with stage IIA colon cancer. Thus, the evaluation of nuclear β‐catenin may help to identify patients who will have a shorter than average survival and patients with a greater risk of disease progression who may be considered for adjuvant therapeutic modalities and intensified clinical aftercare in the future. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Overlapping functions of Cdx1, Cdx2, and Cdx4 in the development of the amphibian Xenopus tropicalis
Authors: Faas Laura , Isaacs Harry V. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractUsing Xenopus tropicalis, we present the first analysis of the developmental effects that result from knocking down the function of the three Cdx genes present in the typical vertebrate genome. Knockdowns of individual Cdx genes lead to a similar range of posterior defects; compound Cdx knockdowns result in increasingly severe posterior truncations, accompanied by posterior shifts and reduction of 5′ Hox gene expression. We provide evidence that Cdx and Wnt3A genes are components of a positive feedback loop operating in the posterior axis. We show that Cdx function is required during later, but not early stages of development, for correct regional specification of the endoderm and morphogenesis of the gut. Our results support the hypothesis that during amphibian development the overall landscape of Cdx activity in the embryo is more important than the specific function of individual Cdx proteins. Developmental Dynamics 238:835–852, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A distinct profile of myogenic regulatory factor detection within Pax7+ cells at S phase supports a unique role of Myf5 during posthatch chicken myogenesis
Authors: Day Kenneth , Paterson Bruce , Yablonka‐Reuveni Zipora 
Published: March 2009

AbstractSatellite cells are skeletal muscle stem cells that provide myogenic progeny for myofiber growth and repair. Temporal expression of muscle regulatory factors (MRFs) and the paired box transcription factor Pax7 defines characteristic phases of proliferation (Pax7+/MyoD+/myogenin−) and differentiation (Pax7−/MyoD+/myogenin+) during myogenesis of satellite cells. Here, using bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) labeling and triple immunodetection, we analyzed expression patterns of Pax7 and the MRFs MyoD, Myf5, or myogenin within S phase myoblasts prepared from posthatch chicken muscle. Essentially, all BrdU incorporation was restricted to Pax7+ cells, of which the majority also expressed MyoD. The presence of a minor BrdU+/Pax7+/myogenin+ population in proliferation stage cultures suggests that myogenin up‐regulation is alone insufficient for terminal differentiation. Myf5 was detected strictly within Pax7+ cells and decreased during S phase while MyoD presence persisted in cycling cells. This study provides novel data in support of a unique role for Myf5 during posthatch myogenesis. Developmental Dynamics 238:1001–1009, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The characterization of a zebrafish mid‐hindbrain mutant, mid‐hindbrain gone (mgo)
Authors: Shima Takaki , Znosko Wade , Tsang Michael 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe vertebrate mid‐hindbrain boundary (MHB) is a crucial morphological structure required for patterning and neural differentiation of the midbrain and anterior hindbrain. We isolated a novel zebrafish mutant, MHB gone (mgo), that exhibited a defective MHB. Expression of engrailed3 in the prospective MHB was absent at the 1‐somite stage, suggesting that initiation of the isthmic organizer was disrupted in mgo mutants. Complementation test with mgo and noi, in which the pax2a gene is mutated, infer that the mgo mutant may represent a novel noi allele. However, pronephric, otic vesicle, and commissural axonal defects described in noi mutants were not associated with mgo mutants. Genetic mapping revealed that the mgo mutation is linked to the Pax2a locus, but no mutation was detected in pax2a exons or within intron‐exon boundaries. Based on these findings, we propose that the mgo mutation genetically interacts with pax2a required for the initiation of MHB formation. Developmental Dynamics 238:899–907, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.