bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The New Zealand lichen Pannaria leproloma (Nyl.) P. M. Jørg. and its panaustral relative P. farinosa nom. nov.
Authors: ELVEBAKK Arve , FRITT-RASMUSSEN Janne , ELIX John A. 
Published: July 2007

Abstract:Pannaria leproloma is shown to be a New Zealand endemic, and is characterized by coarse isidiomorphs/isidia, a high frequency of apothecia and the presence of two cytotoxic scabrosin esters, previously unknown from Pannariaceae, and present in 40 of the samples studied. It is not a member of the Pannaria sphinctrina group, as previously thought. It has frequently been confused with a related, finely sorediate, very sparingly fertile species, which lacks scabrosin esters in more than 99 of the specimens studied. This latter species is widely distributed both in southern South America (where it is one of the most common corticolous lichens), south-eastern areas of Australia and in New Zealand. It was originally described as Psoroma isidiosum, but had to be renamed when transferred to Pannaria, and is here named Pannaria farinosa.
A new lichenicolous Enterographa species from Britanny (France)
Authors: SPARRIUS Laurens B. , APTROOT André 
Published: July 2007

Abstract:Enterographa brezhonega, a fourth lichenicolous species in the genus is described. The species has been collected in an ancient woodland in western France growing on Porina rosei and probably other crustose lichens with a Trentepohlia photobiont. It shows affinities with the similar Enterographa epiphylla, but has an even number of septa and short-lirelliform ascomata.
The Recent Decline in Economic Caseloads in Chinese Courts: Exploration of a Surprising Puzzle
Authors: He Xin 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis article explores why the economic caseloads in China have declined in recent years. Based on data collected at the national, provincial and local levels, it evaluates four possible explanations – structural changes in dispute resolution, economic development, social transformation and dysfunctional courts. It suggests that all four hypotheses are plausible to a certain extent but none provides a single, straightforward and adequate solution, and the degree of each factor's impact varies across time and region. The cause for decline must lie either in the total volume of disputes generated in society or in the unwillingness of potential litigants to use the courts. The difficulty of locating an overarching explanation in a way suggests that China's case might have imposed a challenge on the relationship between caseload change and socio-economic conditions which has conventionally been regarded as a settled issue.
Massive systemic-to-pulmonary collateral arteries in the setting of a cavopulmonary shunt and pulmonary venous stenosis
Authors: Grosse-Wortmann Lars , Hamilton Robert , Yoo Shi-Joon 
Published: July 2007

AbstractWe report a patient in whom a cavopulmonary anastomosis had been constructed, along with repair of anomalous pulmonary venous drainage. Left-sided pulmonary venous obstruction led to redistribution of the flow to the right lung. The reversal of flow in the left pulmonary artery was accentuated by flow through collateral arteries feeding the left lung. Within 14 months, the collateral flow increased six-fold, resulting in a doubling of the cardiac output.
Molecular targets for disrupting leukocyte trafficking during multiple sclerosis
Authors: McCandless Erin E. , Klein Robyn S. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractAutoimmune diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) involve the migration of abnormal numbers of self-directed leukocytes across the blood–brain barrier that normally separates the CNS from the immune system. The cardinal lesion associated with neuroinflammatory diseases is the perivascular infiltrate, which comprises leukocytes that have traversed the endothelium and have congregated in a subendothelial space between the endothelial-cell basement membrane and the glial limitans. The exit of mononuclear cells from this space can be beneficial, as when virus-specific lymphocytes enter the CNS for pathogen clearance, or might induce CNS damage, such as in the autoimmune disease multiple sclerosis when myelin-specific lymphocytes invade and induce demyelinating lesions. The molecular mechanisms involved in the movement of lymphocytes through these compartments involve multiple signalling pathways between these cells and the microvasculature. In this review, we discuss adhesion, costimulatory, cytokine, chemokine and signalling molecules involved in the dialogue between lymphocytes and endothelial cells that leads to inflammatory infiltrates within the CNS, and the targeting of these molecules as therapies for the treatment of multiple sclerosis.
Monitoring for Pyrethroid Resistance in Bollworm (Helicoverpa zea) Populations in Texas: Trends from 2003-2005
Authors: Pietrantonio Patricia V. , Junek Terry A. , Parker Roy , Bynum Ed , Cronholm Greg , Moore Glen , Mott Dale , Sansone Chris , Siders Kerry , Troxclair Noel 
Published: July 2007

The purpose of this study was to assess the susceptibility of the bollworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), to the pyrethroid cypermethrin in the primary crop production areas of Texas. Pyrethroid insecticides are widely used in cotton and in other production systems, such as grain sorghum and corn. The statewide monitoring program that evaluated resistance in male H. zea was conducted from April to September 2005, surveying nine Texas counties with a total of 5,041 moths from all areas used for analysis. Data from all areas were sent to Texas A&M University Toxicology Laboratory for analysis. Considerable variability in response to cypermethrin was detected in H. zea across the state. Based on LC50 data, the most resistant populations were from Nueces, Uvalde, and Williamson counties while the most susceptible populations were from Ellis, Fisher and Mitchell, Hockley, and Swisher counties. Accepted for publication 2 October 2006. Published 19 July 2007.
Alternatives to Pyrethroids for Managing Corn Earworm in Sweet Corn, Seed Corn, Tomatoes and Peppers
Authors: Weinzierl Richard 
Published: July 2007

To date, there are no reports of widespread failures of pyrethroid insecticides to control the corn earworm in midwestern North America. However, H. zea resistance to pyrethroids is a potential problem. If resistance compromises pyrethroid effectiveness, adopting or developing alternative management practices will be essential. This paper summarizes the current status of management alternatives for H. zea, specifically in commercial production of sweet corn, seed corn, tomatoes, and peppers. Accepted for publication 26 October 2006. Published 19 July 2007.
Perspectives from the Crop Protection Industry: Suggestions for Collaborative Resistance Management
Authors: Savinelli Caydee , Immaraju John , Schiller Chuck , Rogers David , Pedibhotla Venkat , Robinson Phil , Dekeyser Mark , Thompson Gary D. , Stanley Bruce , Staetz Chuck , Hummel Rob , Head Graham , Wrubel John , Chamberlin Joe 
Published: July 2007

IRAC-US is a specialist technical group of CropLife America. It provides a coordinated crop protection industry response to prevent or delay the development of resistance in insect and mite pests. Its aim is to keep all classes of insecticides and acaricides as viable control options. The neonicotinoid subcommittee of IRAC, U.S. has developed resistance management guidelines for the use of the neonicotinoid class of chemistry. For additional information about IRAC, US visit the website: www.irac-online.org. Accepted for publication 6 July 2006. Published 19 July 2007.
Alleviation of Wound Pain After Surgeries for Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Authors: Lee Li‐Ang , Wang Pa‐Chun , Chen Ning‐Hung , Fang Tuan‐Jen , Huang Hao‐Chun , Lo Ching‐Chia , Li Hsueh‐Yu 
Published: July 2007

AbstractObjectives: There has been growing awareness that alleviation of wound pain and associated symptoms after obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) surgeries may improve the quality of care. We performed a hospital‐based study to compare the effectiveness and safety of two different regimens in the treatment of postoperative pain.Study Design: A prospective, randomized, and parallel‐group study.Methods: Ninety OSA patients were enrolled for surgical treatments in this study. Forty‐five patients (group 1) were randomized to receive intravenous ketorolac and another 45 patients (group 2) were given the conventional regimen of oral mefenamic acid and intramuscular meperidine after OSA surgeries for 3 days at hospital. Postoperative discomfort was measured by a self‐assessment questionnaire on the 1st and 3rd days after surgery. Any adverse effect of pain treatment was carefully monitored. Patients' satisfaction with postoperative pain treatment was evaluated 1 month postoperatively.Results: On the 1st postoperative day, group 1 patients had a significantly lower mean score in six out of eight pain‐related symptoms than group 2 patients had (P < .05). At the 3rd postoperative day, significant differences remained for two symptoms. Group 1 patients were generally more satisfied with their pain treatment than were group 2 patients (P = .01). Increased risk of postoperative bleeding for group 1 was not observed in this study.Conclusions: A short‐term administration of intravenous ketorolac is noninferior to the conventional regimen and represents a safe and effective treatment for wound pain, particularly in the 1st day, after OSA surgeries in selected patients.
Postallograft Donor and Recipient Dendritic Cell Trafficking in the Rat Larynx
Authors: Friedman Aaron D. , Dan Olivia , Drazba Judith A. , Lorenz Robert R. , Strome Marshall 
Published: July 2007

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis: Dendritic cells (DC) are potent antigen‐presenting cells that instigate allograft rejection. Their migration kinetics vary depending on the type of organ transplanted. The timing of donor and recipient DC trafficking in laryngeal transplants is unknown.Study Design: Prospective animal model.Methods: Lewis to Brown Norway (BN) rat laryngeal allografts and BN to BN isografts were performed without immunosuppression. Recipient animals were sacrificed at seven posttransplant time points. Total DC, as well as recipient and donor DC (in allograft recipients), were enumerated in situ in the airway epithelium and subepithelium using monoclonal antibodies, immunofluorescence, confocal microscopy, and image analysis software.Results: Total DC densities in both laryngeal allografts and isografts decreased to approximately 10% of their initial values in the first 3 days and then rose beyond their starting values. In allografts, there was a net efflux of donor DC, reaching a nadir by 3 to 5 days; they were identified in recipient cervical lymph nodes from 12 hours to 5 days. Recipient DC infiltrated the laryngeal allograft, reaching a maximal density by day 7.Conclusion: The paradigm of donor DC efflux and recipient DC influx has been confirmed in a rat laryngeal transplant model, and the allograft‐specific timing of these events has been elucidated. Similarities in total DC migration between allografts and isografts suggest that this phenomenon may not be driven entirely by major histocompatibility mismatch. Further understanding of trafficking may help with the goal of manipulating DC to induce allograft tolerance in the absence of generalized immunosuppression.
Role of Perioperative Antibiotics in Endoscopic Skull Base Surgery
Authors: Brown Seth M. , Anand Vijay K. , Tabaee Abtin , Schwartz Theodore H. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis: Direct connection between the sinonasal and intracranial cavities and passage of multiple instruments and graft materials through a contaminated field occur routinely during endoscopic pituitary and skull base surgery. Despite the theoretical risk of intracranial contamination with sinonasal flora, the incidence of central nervous system (CNS) infection following such procedures is not well documented, and the ideal antibiotic regimen has yet to be determined.Study Design: Prospective case series of 24 to 48 hours of single‐agent perioperative antibiotics in patients undergoing endoscopic skull base surgery.Methods: Prospective database of procedures performed between January 2004 and May 2006 was reviewed for antibiotic use and infectious complications.Results: The diagnoses of the 90 patients in this series included pituitary tumor (62%), craniopharyngioma (9%), encephalocele (9%), and meningioma (8%). Fifty‐eight (64%) patients experienced intraoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak. A variety of autologous, synthetic grafts, hemostatic agents, and tissue sealants were placed through the sinonasal cavity for reconstruction. All patients received 24 to 48 hours of a single antibiotic based on patient sensitivity: cefazolin (87%), vancomycin (10%), or clindamycin (3%). Additional antibiotics were subsequently required during the hospital stay in eight (9%) patients for a variety of indications. There were no cases of intracranial infections or meningitis in patients with or without intraoperative CSF leak.Conclusions: Despite direct contamination of the intracranial cavity during endoscopic, endonasal skull base surgery, the risk of CNS infections is low. Limited use of a single perioperative antibiotic may be sufficient prophylaxis.
Purification and characterization of 66‐kDa glycoprotein from human breast carcinoma
Authors: Feng Renqing , Liu Xiang , Guo Zhenquan , Li Jinfeng 
Published: July 2007

We extracted a 66‐kDa glycoprotein (GP‐1D8) from breast invasive ductal carcinoma tissues. The monoclonal antibody (mAb) against GP‐1D8 was prepared in our laboratory. Western blotting with the purified protein using the mAb demonstrated a single band of 66 kDa. Immunocytochemical and immunohistochemical analysis revealed strong expression of GP‐1D8 protein in the cytoplasm of MCF‐7 cells and different types of breast carcinoma tissues, but GP‐1D8 is absent in normal breast and benign breast tumor tissues. Glycosylation analysis showed GP‐1D8 contained methylated salic acid. GP‐1D8 was identified using mass‐spectrometric techniques and N‐terminal sequencing. These data were used to identify the protein through the SWISSPROT protein sequence database and BLAST homology search. These results showed GP‐1D8 had some similarity to human albumin precursor. Co‐immunoprecipitation assays of lysate from MCF‐7 cells and mass spectrometric analysis revealed the interaction of GP‐1D8 with β‐tubulin. This is the first time human breast carcinoma tissues and MCF‐7 cells have been shown to express a 66‐kDa glycoprotein similar to human albumin precursor. These results might be important in the detection of novel potential biomarkers and may provide insight into the molecular mechanisms of tumorigenesis. (Cancer Sci 2007; 98: 1344–1349)
Macrophage colony‐stimulating factor enhances rituximab‐dependent cellular cytotoxicity by monocytes
Authors: Shimadoi Shigeru , Takami Akiyoshi , Kondo Yukio , Okumura Hirokazu , Nakao Shinji 
Published: July 2007

Recent studies suggest that monocytes are the dominant effectors by which rituximab induces cell death in B‐cell lymphoma. Because macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (M‐CSF) can enhance the cytotoxicity of monocytes, the authors examined whether this growth factor can enhance their ability to kill lymphoma cells in vitro. Monocytes derived from a healthy volunteer were cultured for 48 h in the presence or absence of M‐CSF. Monocytes stimul ated with M‐CSF were significantly more cytotoxic to Daudi B‐cell lymphomas than unstimulated monocytes. Flow cytometry revealed that M‐CSF increased monocyte expression of Fcγ receptors III and I by 1.6‐ and 1.5‐fold, whereas the expression of Fcγ receptor II remained unchanged. These results suggest that pretreatment with M‐CSF can improve the therapeutic efficacy of rituximab against intractable CD20+ lymphoma. (Cancer Sci 2007; 98: 1368–1372)
Disturbance of DNA methylation patterns in the early phase of hepatocarcinogenesis induced by a choline‐deficient L‐amino acid‐defined diet in rats
Authors: Shimizu Kyoko , Onishi Mariko , Sugata Eriko , Sokuza Yui , Mori Chiharu , Nishikawa Tomoki , Honoki Kanya , Tsujiuchi Toshifumi 
Published: July 2007

The authors investigated the DNA methylation patterns of the E‐cadherin, Connexin 26 (Cx26), Rassf1a and c‐fos genes in the early phase of rat hepatocarcinogenesis induced by a choline‐deficient L‐amino acid‐defined (CDAA) diet. Six‐week‐old F344 male rats were continuously fed with the CDAA diet, and three animals were then killed at each of 4 and 8 days and 3 weeks. Genomic DNA was extracted from livers for assessment of methylation status in the 5′ upstream regions of E‐cadherin, Cx26, Rassf1a and c‐fos genes by bisulfite sequencing, compared with normal livers. The livers of rats fed the CDAA diet for 4 and 8 days and 3 weeks were methylated in E‐cadherin, Cx26 and Rassf1a genes, while normal livers were all unmethylated. In contrast, normal livers were highly methylated in c‐fos gene. Although the livers at 4 days were weakly methylated, those at 8 days and 3 weeks were markedly unmethylated. Methylation patterns of CpG sites in E‐cadherin, Cx26 and Rassf1a were sparse and the methylation was not associated with gene repression. These results indicate that gene‐specific DNA methylation patterns were found in livers of rats after short‐term feeding of the CDAA diet, suggesting gene‐specific hypermethylation might be involved in the early phase of rat hepatocarcinogenesis induced by the CDAA diet. (Cancer Sci 2007; 98: 1318–1322)
Contribution of natural anticoagulant and fibrinolytic factors in modulating the clinical severity of haemophilia patients
Authors: Shetty Shrimati , Vora Sonal , Kulkarni Bipin , Mota Leenam , Vijapurkar Manasi , Quadros Leera , Ghosh Kanjaksha 
Published: July 2007

SummaryThe role of natural anticoagulants, fibrinolytic cascade factors and common prothrombotic gene polymorphisms in modulating disease severity were studied in 35 ‘clinically mild’ and 37 ‘clinically severe’ haemophilia patients with severe factor VIII or IX deficiency (<0·01 IU/ml). Strong association of deficiencies of proteins C and S, antithrombin III, tissue factor pathway inhibitor and tissue plasminogen activator, together with factor V Leiden and endothelial protein C receptor 23 bp insertion polymorphisms were observed in the ‘clinically milder’ group as compared with the ‘clinically severe’ group. These results indicate a synergistic modulation of bleeding tendency in haemophilia patients by factors in the anticoagulant and fibrinolytic systems.
Consequences of intraspecific seed‐size variation in Sparganium emersum for dispersal by fish
Authors: POLLUX B. J. A. , OUBORG N. J. , VAN GROENENDAEL J. M. , KLAASSEN M. 
Published: July 2007

Summary

The potential for seed dispersal by fish (ichthyochory) is likely to vary within aquatic plant species, depending on intraspecific variation in phenotypic seed traits.
We studied the effect of seed size variation within the unbranched burreed (Sparganium emersum) on the potential for internal dispersal by the common carp (Cyprinus carpio), by feeding them light (< 10 mg), medium (10–20 mg) and heavy ( > 20 mg) seeds, seed mass being positively related to seed size.
We hypothesized: (i) that ingestion, retention time, survival during gut passage and viability after gut passage of S. emersum seeds would be affected by seed size; and (ii) that this would translate into intraspecific variation in dispersal probability and dispersal distance among seed size categories.
Ingestion was negatively related to seed size, while survival during gut passage was positively related to seed size. Seed viability after gut passage was not affected by seed size. Since the negative effect of ingestion was counterbalanced by an equally strong but positive effect on seed survival, the probability of dispersal did not differ between the tested seed‐size categories.
The time that seeds remained in the digestive tract of carp did not differ between seed sizes, suggesting equal potential dispersal distances for all seeds. Based on optimum swimming speeds of carp, ranging from 0·9 to 1·8 km h−1, maximum dispersal distances will most likely range from 13·5 to 27 km.
This study highlights the importance of studying all stages of the endozoochorous dispersal process in order to estimate the effect of a phenotypic seed trait on plant dispersal.
The novel transcriptional regulator SczA mediates protection against Zn2+stress by activation of the Zn2+‐resistance geneczcDinStreptococcus pneumoniae
Authors: Kloosterman Tomas G. , Van Der Kooi‐Pol Magdalena M. , Bijlsma Jetta J. E. , Kuipers Oscar P. 
Published: July 2007

SummaryMaintenance of the intracellular homeostasis of metal ions is important for the virulence of many bacterial pathogens. Here, we demonstrate that theczcDgene of the human pathogenStreptococcus pneumoniaeis involved in resistance against Zn2+, and that its transcription is induced by the transition‐metal ions Zn2+, Co2+and Ni2+. Upstream ofczcDa gene was identified, encoding a novel TetR family regulator, SczA, that is responsible for the metal ion‐dependent activation ofczcDexpression. Transcriptome analyses revealed that in asczAmutant expression ofczcD, a gene encoding a MerR‐family transcriptional regulator and a gene encoding a zinc‐containing alcohol dehydrogenase (adhB) were downregulated. Activation of theczcDpromoter by SczA is shown to proceed by Zn2+‐dependent binding of SczA to a conserved DNA motif. In the absence of Zn2+, SczA binds to a second site in theczcDpromoter, thereby fully blockingczcDexpression. This is the first example of a metalloregulatory protein belonging to the TetR family that has been described. The presence inS. pneumoniaeof the Zn2+‐resistance system characterized in this study might reflect the need for adjustment to a fluctuating Zn2+pool encountered by this pathogen during infection of the human body.
Effects of temperature and light on the formation of chloroplast protrusions in leaf mesophyll cells of high alpine plants
Authors: BUCHNER OTHMAR , HOLZINGER ANDREAS , LÜTZ CORNELIUS 
Published: July 2007

ABSTRACTChloroplasts of many alpine plants have the ability to form marked, stroma‐filled protrusions that do not contain thylakoids. Effects of temperature and light intensity on the frequency of chloroplasts with such protrusions in leaf mesophyll cells of nine different alpine plant species (Carex curvula All., Leontodon helveticus Merat., Oxyria digyna (L.) Hill., Poa alpina L. ssp. vivipara, Polygonum viviparum L., Ranunculus glacialis L., Ranunculus alpestris L., Silene acaulis L. and Soldanella pusilla Baumg.) covering seven different families were studied. Leaves were exposed to either darkness and a stepwise increase in temperature (10–38 °C) or to different light intensities (500 and 2000 µmol photons m−2 s−1) and a constant temperature of 10 or 30 °C in a special temperature‐regulated chamber. A chloroplast protrusions index characterising the relative proportion of chloroplasts with protrusions was defined. Seven of the nine species showed a significant increase in chloroplast protrusions when temperature was elevated to over 20 °C. In contrast, the light level did not generally affect the abundance of chloroplasts with protrusions. Chloroplast protrusions lead to a dynamic enlargement of the chloroplast surface area. They do not appear to be directly connected to a distinct photosystem II (PSII) (Fv/Fm) status and thus seem to be involved in secondary, not primary, photosynthetic processes.