bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determinants of Exposure Therapy Implementation in Clinical Practice for the Treatment of Anxiety, OCD, and PTSD: A Systematic Review
Authors: Racz J. I. , Bialocerkowski A. , Calteaux I. , Farrell L. J. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractExposure therapy (ET) forms a vital part of effective psychotherapy for anxiety-related presentations including anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and is often underutilised in clinical practice. Using the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF), this systematic review synthesised existing literature on the determinants of ET implementation for anxiety-related presentations and examined differences across presentations and developmental subgroups. Fifty-two eligible studies were assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool, with 389 results (99%) mapped onto the TDF. Results suggested that clinicians’ negative beliefs about the consequences of ET were commonly associated with reduced implementation. It also appeared that whilst broad unspecified ET training may be related to improved implementation for anxiety disorders; greater implementation for complex presentations (i.e., PTSD) likely requires more specialised training involving practical components. A subset of domains (e.g., social/professional role and identity) accounted for most results, whilst some remain unexplored (i.e., optimism; reinforcement; memory, attention, and decision processes) or underexplored (i.e., behavioural regulation). Likewise, specific presentations and developmental subgroups (i.e., PTSD and adults) represented a greater proportion of results in the literature than others (i.e., OCD and youth). Future research exploring ET implementation, across specific presentations and developmental subgroups, would benefit from integrating implementation science frameworks to guide the development of targeted, comprehensive strategies to close the research-practice gap of ET for the treatment of anxiety-related presentations.
FoxG1 as a Potential Therapeutic Target for Alzheimer’s Disease: Modulating NLRP3 Inflammasome via AMPK/mTOR Autophagy Pathway
Authors: Yun Qi , Ma Si-Fei , Zhang Wei-Ning , Gu Meng , Wang Jia 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAn increasing body of research suggests that promoting microglial autophagy hinders the neuroinflammation initiated though the NLRP3 inflammasome activation in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The function of FoxG1, a crucial transcription factor involved in cell survival by regulating mitochondrial function, remains unknown during the AD process and neuroinflammation occurs. In the present study, we firstly found that Aβ peptides induced AD-like neuroinflammation upregulation and downregulated the level of autophagy. Following low-dose Aβ25–35 stimulation, FoxG1 expression and autophagy exhibited a gradual increase. Nevertheless, with high-concentration Aβ25–35 treatment, progressive decrease in FoxG1 expression and autophagy levels as the concentration of Aβ25–35 escalated. In addition, FoxG1 has a positive effect on cell viability and autophagy in the nervous system. In parallel with the Aβ25–35 stimulation, we employed siRNA to decrease the expression of FoxG1 in N2A cells. A substantial reduction in autophagy level (Beclin1, LC3II, SQSTM1/P62) and a notable growth in inflammatory response (NLRP3, TNF-α, and IL-6) were observed. In addition, we found FoxG1 overexpression owned the effect on the activation of AMPK/mTOR autophagy pathway and siRNA-FoxG1 successfully abolished this effect. Lastly, FoxG1 suppressed the NLRP3 inflammasome and enhanced the cognitive function in AD-like mouse model induced by Aβ25–35. Confirmed by cellular and animal experiments, FoxG1 suppressed NLRP3-mediated neuroinflammation, which was strongly linked to autophagy regulated by AMPK/mTOR. Taken together, FoxG1 may be a critical node in the pathologic progression of AD and has the potential to serve as therapeutic target.
On the Bumpy Road to Responsible Lending in the Digital Marketplace: The New EU Consumer Credit Directive
Authors: Cherednychenko O. O. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractOn 18 October 2023, the EU adopted the long-awaited New Consumer Credit Directive. This directive will replace the 2008 Consumer Credit Directive which has been criticized for two main reasons. First, the information paradigm of consumer protection reflected in the directive has been widely regarded as incapable of protecting consumers against irresponsible lending. Second, the directive has been viewed unfit for ensuring consumer protection in an increasingly digital marketplace. To remedy the shortcomings of the old directive, the revised directive widens the scope of its application, tailors the existing rules to the consumer needs in the online lending environment, and introduces new, more protective rules. But does this suffice to ensure responsible lending in the digital consumer credit markets? To answer this question, this article critically assesses the key changes introduced by the New Consumer Credit Directive, against the backdrop of the large-scale irresponsible lending practices that have troubled the consumer credit markets across Europe over the last decade or more. It concludes that the revised directive represents a major step forward in combating such practices and protecting European consumers against overindebtedness in the digital marketplace. At the same time, however, the effectiveness of the new directive will depend considerably on its implementation and enforcement in the EU Member States.
Ecotoxicological evaluation of surface waters in Northern Namibia
Authors: Faulstich L , Wollenweber S , Reinhardt-Imjela Ch , Arendt R , Schulte A , Hollert H , Schiwy S 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe increasing pressure on freshwater systems due to intensive anthropogenic use is a big challenge in central-northern Namibia and its catchment areas, the Kunene and the Kavango Rivers, and the Cuvelai-Etosha Basin, that provide water for more than 1 million people. So far, there is no comprehensive knowledge about the ecological status and only few knowledge about the water quality. Therefore, it is crucial to learn about the state of the ecosystem and the ecological effects of pollutants to ensure the safe use of these resources. The surface waters of the three systems were sampled, and three bioassays were applied on three trophic levels: algae, daphnia, and zebrafish embryos. Additionally, in vitro assays were performed to analyze mutagenicity (Ames fluctuation), dioxin-like potential (micro-EROD), and estrogenicity (YES) by mechanism-specific effects. The results show that acute toxicity to fish embryos and daphnia has mainly been detected at all sites in the three catchment areas. The systems differ significantly from each other, with the sites in the Iishana system showing the highest acute toxicity. At the cellular level, only weak effects were identified, although these were stronger in the Iishana system than in the two perennial systems. Algae growth was not inhibited, and no cytotoxic effects could be detected in any of the samples. Mutagenic effects and an estrogenic potential were detected at three sites in the Iishana system. These findings are critical in water resource management as the effects can adversely impact the health of aquatic ecosystems and the organisms within them.
Explanation versus Understanding: On Two Roles of Dynamical Systems Theory in Extended Cognition Research
Authors: Kuś Katarzyna , Wójtowicz Krzysztof 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIt is widely believed that mathematics carries a substantial part of the explanatory burden in science. However, mathematics can also play important heuristic roles of a different kind, being a source of new ideas and approaches, allowing us to build toy models, enhancing expressive power and providing fruitful conceptualizations. In this paper, we focus on the application of dynamical systems theory (DST) within the extended cognition (EC) field of cognitive science, considering this case study to be a good illustration of a general phenomenon. In the paper, we justify both a negative and a positive claim. The negative claim is that dynamical systems theory hardly plays any explanatory role in EC research. We justify our claim by analyzing several accounts of the explanatory role of mathematics and stressing the way mathematical arguments are used in explanations. Our positive claim is that even though, for now, DST has no explanatory power in many of the EC approaches, it still plays an important heuristic role there. In particular, using mathematical notions improves the expressive power of the language and gives a sense of understanding of the phenomena under investigation. The case study of EC allows us to identify and analyze this important role of mathematics, which seems to be neglected in contemporary discussions.
Assessment of Atmospheric and Surface Energy Budgets Using Observation-Based Data Products
Authors: Mayer Michael , Kato Seiji , Bosilovich Michael , Bechtold Peter , Mayer Johannes , Schröder Marc , Behrangi Ali , Wild Martin , Kobayashi Shinya , Li Zhujun , L’Ecuyer Tristan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAccurate diagnosis of regional atmospheric and surface energy budgets is critical for understanding the spatial distribution of heat uptake associated with the Earth’s energy imbalance (EEI). This contribution discusses frameworks and methods for consistent evaluation of key quantities of those budgets using observationally constrained data sets. It thereby touches upon assumptions made in data products which have implications for these evaluations. We evaluate 2001–2020 average regional total (TE) and dry static energy (DSE) budgets using satellite-based and reanalysis data. For the first time, a consistent framework is applied to the ensemble of the 5th generation European Reanalysis (ERA5), version 2 of modern-era retrospective analysis for research and applications (MERRA-2), and the Japanese 55-year Reanalysis (JRA55). Uncertainties of the computed budgets are assessed through inter-product spread and evaluation of physical constraints. Furthermore, we use the TE budget to infer fields of net surface energy flux. Results indicate biases < 1 W/m2 on the global, < 5 W/m2 on the continental, and ~ 15 W/m2 on the regional scale. Inferred net surface energy fluxes exhibit reduced large-scale biases compared to surface flux data based on remote sensing and models. We use the DSE budget to infer atmospheric diabatic heating from condensational processes. Comparison to observation-based precipitation data indicates larger uncertainties (10–15 Wm−2 globally) in the DSE budget compared to the TE budget, which is reflected by increased spread in reanalysis-based fields. Continued validation efforts of atmospheric energy budgets are needed to document progress in new and upcoming observational products, and to understand their limitations when performing EEI research.
Revealing Ghana’s unique fonio genetic diversity: leveraging farmers knowledge for sustainable conservation and breeding strategies
Authors: Agyare Richard Yaw , Kaczmarek Thomas , Leclerc Christian , Puozaa Doris Kanvena , Tengey Theophilus Kwabla , Bonsu Samuel Kwame , Kombiok James Mantent , Causse Sandrine , Guillerminet Theo , Kena Alexander Wireko , Adjebeng-Danquah Joseph , Barnaud Adeline , Billot Claire , Akromah Richard 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Genetic diversity analysis is pivotal for optimizing the use of genetic resources and deploying conservation strategies in the face of global changes. This is important for essential indigenous species often neglected by research. This research was carried out to examine the pattern of genetic diversity and structure among fonio (Digitaria exilis (Kippist) Stapf) accessions in Ghana. Following farmer surveys and collection efforts in key fonio-growing regions of Ghana, we amassed a comprehensive collection of 176 fonio accessions from 165 farmers across 24 communities. Farmer surveys identified 21 distinct cultivars cultivated predominantly for home consumption, averaging six cultivars per ethnic group. Out of the 176 accessions, 140 underwent genotyping using 14 simple sequence repeat (SSR) nuclear markers which revealed greater diversity within cultivars (58.5%) compared to between cultivars (16.8%) following molecular variance analysis. The organizational pattern of fonio genetic diversity was significantly influenced by farmer-specific cultivars, emphasizing the role farmers play in long-term preservation of fonio genetic diversity. Future strategies for the management, conservation, and utilization of fonio genetic resources in Ghana should incorporate traditional farming practices. Our findings further revealed the uniqueness of Ghanaian fonio genetic diversity, despite a smaller cultivation area compared to the global diversity. This shows the contribution of the interaction between the crop, environment and societal factors to the distinct genetic makeup observed in the Ghanaian fonio population. The observed genetic diversity can be exploited to identify and select genetically distinct individuals to develop tailored product profiles within fonio breeding programs for diverse market segments.
Species-specific trophic discrimination factors can reduce the uncertainty of stable isotope analyses
Authors: Veselý Lukáš , Balzani Paride , Haubrock Phillip J. , Buřič Miloš , Glon Mael , Ercoli Fabio , Ruokonen Timo J. , Kainz Martin J. , Hämäläinen Heikki , Kouba Antonín 
Published: April 2024

AbstractStable isotope analysis has been broadly used to study food webs, but often relies on inaccurate assumptions of trophic isotopic discriminations, which could lead to misinterpretation of obtained results. While many taxa exhibit similar trophic discrimination factors (TDFs), crayfish, exhibit omnivorous feeding strategies, yet TDFs are missing. In this study, we determined TDFs and tissue biokinetic parameters of the marbled crayfish Procambarus virginalis as a model species. Moreover, we compared commonly used TDFs and those determined from this study and applied them across species and ecosystems as a first attempt to compare the effect of species-specific TDFs in Bayesian trophic mixing models. Our results revealed differences between the TDFs of different tissues and biokinetic parameters of crayfish. Our result also revealed TDFs differences between crayfish relying mostly on plants versus those relying on an animal diet. We found differences of TDF suitability among species and ecosystems, highlighting the need for specific TDFs for different crayfish species. This study improves our understanding and the need for species-calibrated TDFs for robust statistical analysis of stable isotope data. Our approach is widely applicable across taxa and ecosystems to reduce the bias introduced by using unspecific TDFs in Bayesian mixing models.
Conceptual Injustice
Authors: Bastian Lisa 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn recent years, there has been significant interest in injustices that do not consist in inflicting physical or material harm on others, but operate in more subtle ways, e.g. by targeting our status as epistemic agents. In a similar fashion, this paper aims to bring to the forefront a currently overlooked kind of injustice that occurs in relation to our concepts: conceptual injustice, which is characterised by wrongful in- or exclusion from the application of a concept. The first part of the paper is concerned with spelling out the notion, discussing its characteristic wrongs, and with tracing it in a number of examples. In the second part, I discuss conceptual injustice in relation to connected but different forms of injustice, such as epistemic injustice. This highlights the advantages of having the notion on hand: it enhances our understanding of other forms of injustice like hermeneutical injustice, and allows us to capture a ‘remainder of injustice’ for which we could not account otherwise.
Self-Perceived Interpersonal Problems Among Long-Term Unemployed Individuals, and Vocational Rehabilitation Programs (In)ability to Change Them
Authors: Mau Martin , Roessler Kirsten K. , Andersen Lotte N. , Vang Maria L. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Objective
Self-perceived interpersonal problems can challenge one’s access to the work market, making it harder to attain and keep a job while adding to the distress of being outside of the labor market.

Methods
In this study, we compared the self-perceived interpersonal problems among long-term unemployed individuals taking part in vocational rehabilitation programs (VRPs) (N = 220) with those of the general population. In addition, we examined whether their self-perceived interpersonal problems changed while taking part in the VRPs.

Results
We found that participants report significantly higher levels of self-perceived interpersonal problems as measured by the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems (IIP), especially with regard to feeling cold/distanced, socially inhibited, vindictive/self-centered, and non-assertive. The participants did not report a significant decrease in self-perceived interpersonal problems after being part of VRPs for one year.

Conclusion
These results are relevant as they may inform interventions targeted this population aimed at increasing employability and/or individual well-being. Importantly, the findings may be viewed as a reflection of both social and individual processes. Long-term unemployed individuals’ tendency to feel insufficiently engaged may reflect difficulty with keeping up with a job market in constant change.
The engaged university delivering social innovation
Authors: Burke M. Kathleen , Pugh Rhiannon , Soetanto Danny , Owusu-Kwarteng Afua , Jack Sarah L. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis paper examines a programme initiated and managed by an entrepreneurial university in the United Kingdom (UK), aiming to foster the circular water economy in Sub-Saharan Africa. Our focus is on transitioning from conventional models of the entrepreneurial university to innovative forms of knowledge exchange that prioritise social innovation and sustainable development, as per the “engaged university”. Through an in-depth qualitative study, we find that three interrelated levels of engagement—engaging individuals, engaging organisations and engaging communities—are essential for universities delivering the third mission of societal impact. Employing the established framework developed by Hughes et al. (in: Knowledge exchange between the arts and humanities and the private, public and third sectors, Arts & Humanities Research Council, Cambridge, 2011) to examine university activities, we expose the social innovation underpinning people-based, problem-solving and community-based activities. In the context of the third mission, social innovation involves bringing individuals, organisations and communities together through supporting entrepreneurship, collaboration and mutual learning capacities both within and beyond the university setting. The mechanisms driving university engagement are thus a process of multilevel social innovation, relying on support from individual researchers, project leaders, partner institutions and local end-user communities. Adopting a multilevel perspective allows us to identify the distinct mechanisms of engaged universities, which transcend those of other university models in the realm of social innovation. We argue that the engaged university model extends understanding of how supports for social innovation can connect and create networks to tackle global challenges.
AttentionPoolMobileNeXt: An automated construction damage detection model based on a new convolutional neural network and deep feature engineering models
Authors: Aydin Mehmet , Barua Prabal Datta , Chadalavada Sreenivasulu , Dogan Sengul , Tuncer Turker , Chakraborty Subrata , Acharya Rajendra U. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In 2023, Turkiye faced a series of devastating earthquakes and these earthquakes affected millions of people due to damaged constructions. These earthquakes demonstrated the urgent need for advanced automated damage detection models to help people. This study introduces a novel solution to address this challenge through the AttentionPoolMobileNeXt model, derived from a modified MobileNetV2 architecture. To rigorously evaluate the effectiveness of the model, we meticulously curated a dataset comprising instances of construction damage classified into five distinct classes. Upon applying this dataset to the AttentionPoolMobileNeXt model, we obtained an accuracy of 97%. In this work, we have created a dataset consisting of five distinct damage classes, and achieved 97% test accuracy using our proposed AttentionPoolMobileNeXt model. Additionally, the study extends its impact by introducing the AttentionPoolMobileNeXt-based Deep Feature Engineering (DFE) model, further enhancing the classification performance and interpretability of the system. The presented DFE significantly increased the test classification accuracy from 90.17% to 97%, yielding improvement over the baseline model. AttentionPoolMobileNeXt and its DFE counterpart collectively contribute to advancing the state-of-the-art in automated damage detection, offering valuable insights for disaster response and recovery efforts.
Probabilistic modeling of dam failure scenarios: a case study of Kanlikoy Dam in Cyprus
Authors: Turkel A. O. , Zaifoglu Hasan , Yanmaz A. M. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractOne of the most perilous natural hazards is flooding resulting from dam failure, which can devastate downstream infrastructure and lead to significant human casualties. In recent years, the frequency of flash floods in the northern part of Nicosia, Cyprus, has increased. This area faces increased risk as it lies downstream of the Kanlikoy Dam, an aging earth-fill dam constructed over 70 years ago. In this study, we aim to assess potential flood hazards stemming from three distinct failure scenarios: piping, 100-year rainfall, and probable maximum precipitation (PMP). To achieve this, HEC-HMS hydrologic model findings were integrated into 2D HEC-RAS hydraulic models to simulate flood hydrographs and generate flood inundation and hazard maps. For each scenario, Monte Carlo simulations using McBreach software produced four hydrographs corresponding to exceedance probabilities of 90%, 50%, 10%, and 1%. The results indicate that all dam breach scenarios pose a significant threat to agricultural and residential areas, leading to the destruction of numerous buildings, roads, and infrastructures. Particularly, Scenario 3, which includes PMP, was identified as the most destructive, resulting in prevailing flood hazard levels of H5 and H6 in the inundated areas. The proportion of inundated areas in these high hazard levels varied between 52.8% and 57.4%, with the number of vulnerable structures increasing from 248 to 321 for exceedance probabilities of 90% and 1%, respectively. Additionally, the number of flooded buildings ranged from 842 to 935, and 26 to 34 km of roads were found to be inundated in this scenario. These findings revealed the need for authorities to develop comprehensive evacuation plans and establish an efficient warning system to mitigate the flood risks associated with dam failure.