bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug Use Modify the Effect of a Low-Fat, High-Fiber Diet on Recurrence of Colorectal Adenomas?
Authors: Hartman Terryl J. , Yu Binbing , Albert Paul S. , Slattery Martha L. , Paskett Electra , Kikendall James Walter , Iber Frank , Brewer Brenda K. , Schatzkin Arthur , Lanza Elaine ,   The Polyp Prevention Study Group
Published: March 2006

Abstract
The Polyp Prevention Trial was designed to evaluate the effects of a high-fiber (18 g/1,000 kcal), high-fruit and -vegetable (3.5 servings/1,000 kcal), low-fat (20% energy) diet on recurrence of adenomatous polyps. Participants ≥35 years of age, with histologically confirmed colorectal adenoma(s) removed in the prior 6 months, were randomized to the intervention or control group. Demographic, dietary, and clinical information, including use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID), was collected at baseline and four annual visits. Adenoma recurrence was found in 754 of 1,905 participants and was not significantly different between groups. NSAID use was associated with a significant reduction in recurrence [odds ratio (OR), 0.77; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 0.63-0.95]. In this analysis, NSAIDs modified the association between the intervention and recurrence at baseline (P = 0.02) and throughout the trial (P = 0.008). Among participants who did not use NSAIDs, the intervention was in the protective direction but did not achieve statistical significance (OR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.69-1.09). The intervention was protective among males who did not use NSAIDs at baseline (OR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.54-0.94), but not among NSAIDs users (OR, 1.09; 95% CI, 0.74-1.62). For females, corresponding OR estimates were 1.28 (95% CI, 0.86-1.90) and 2.30 (95% CI, 1.24-4.27), respectively. The protective association observed for NSAID use was stronger among control (OR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.47-0.84) than for intervention group participants (OR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.74-1.28). These results should be interpreted cautiously given that they may have arisen by chance in the course of examining multiple associations and Polyp Prevention Trial study participants were not randomly assigned to both dietary intervention and NSAID use. Nevertheless, our results suggest that adopting a low-fat, high-fiber diet rich in fruits and vegetables may lower the risk of colorectal adenoma recurrence among individuals who do not regularly use NSAIDs.
Vitamin D Is Associated with Improved Survival in Early-Stage Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients
Authors: Zhou Wei , Suk Rebecca , Liu Geoffrey , Park Sohee , Neuberg Donna S. , Wain John C. , Lynch Thomas J. , Giovannucci Edward , Christiani David C. 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
Vitamin D may inhibit the development and progression of a wide spectrum of cancers. We investigated the associations of surgery season and vitamin D intake with recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival in 456 early-stage non–small cell lung cancer patients. The data were analyzed using log-rank test and Cox proportional hazards models. The median (range) follow-up time was 71 (0.1-140) months, with 161 recurrence and 231 deaths. Patients who had surgery in summer had a better RFS than those who had surgery in winter (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.75; 95% confidence interval, 0.56-1.01), with 5-year RFS rates of 53% (45-61%) and 40% (32-49%), respectively (P = 0.10, log-rank test). Similar association between surgery season and RFS was found among the 321 patients with dietary information (P = 0.33, log-rank test). There was no statistically significant association between vitamin D intake and RFS. Because both season and vitamin D intake are important predictors for vitamin D levels, we investigated the joint effects of surgery season and vitamin D intake. Patients who had surgery during summer with the highest vitamin D intake had better RFS (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.33; 95% confidence interval, 0.15-0.74) than patients who had surgery during winter with the lowest vitamin D intake, with the 5-year RFS rates of 56% (34-78%) and 23% (4-42%), respectively. Similar associations of surgery season and vitamin D intake with overall survival were also observed. In conclusion, the joint effects of surgery season and recent vitamin D intake seem to be associated with the survival of early-stage non–small cell lung cancer patients.
Positive Association of Farm or Rural Residence with Acute Myeloid Leukemia Incidence in a Cohort of Older Women
Authors: Sinner Penny J. , Cerhan James R. , Folsom Aaron R. , Ross Julie A. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe etiology of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is relatively unknown. Incidence rates are highest in the agricultural Midwest region compared with other regions of the United States. Many studies have examined the relationship between farming and leukemia, but most have mainly focused on men. We examined the potential association between farm or rural residence and AML in the Iowa Women's Health Study. In 1986, 37,693 women who were free of prior cancer completed a lifestyle and health questionnaire, which included a question on the place of residence. Women were subsequently followed until 2002 for cancer incidence; 79 women developed AML during the time period. Women who lived on a farm at baseline were more likely (relative risk, 1.91; 95% confidence interval, 1.19-3.05) to develop AML compared with women who did not live on a farm. Further, women who reported living on a farm or in a rural area were twice as likely (relative risk, 2.38; 95% confidence interval, 1.33-4.26) to develop AML compared with women who lived in a city with a population of &gt;10,000 people. These results provide evidence that women who live on farms or rural areas are at an increased risk of AML.
Risk of Second Primary Cancer and Death Following a Diagnosis of Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer
Authors: Nugent Zoann , Demers Alain A. , Wiseman Marni C. , Mihalcioiu Catalin , Kliewer Erich V. 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
Cancer-free patients diagnosed with a first primary nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) offer an opportunity for studying the risk of a second primary cancer without the confounding effect of systemic treatment. The objective of the study was to estimate the risk of second primary cancer in people with a history of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) or squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and the risk of dying in cancer patients with a NMSC history. BCC and SCC cases diagnosed between 1956 and 2000 in Manitoba, Canada were followed-up for second primaries (other than NMSC). Standardized incidence and mortality ratios (SIR and SMR) were calculated. Men [SIR, 1.06; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.02-1.10] and women (SIR, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.02-1.12) with a BCC history as well as men (SIR, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.08-1.22) with a SCC history were at greater risk of a second primary cancer. Overall, the increased risk was observed only in the first 4 years following a NMSC, although it remained increased for specific cancer sites. The risk remained higher in all age groups up to 75 years of age. People with a history of BCC (males: SMR, 1.09; 95% CI, 1.04-1.14; females: SMR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.16-1.32) or SCC (males: SMR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.09-1.27; females: SMR, 1.55; 95% CI, 1.35-1.79) had a greater risk of death following their second primaries. Even if NMSC patients are at greater risk of a second cancer, it is not recommended to follow them up beyond the generally accepted periodic examination of the skin.
Relationship of Benign Gynecologic Diseases to Subsequent Risk of Ovarian and Uterine Tumors
Authors: Brinton Louise A. , Sakoda Lori C. , Sherman Mark E. , Frederiksen Kirsten , Kjaer Susanne Kruger , Graubard Barry I. , Olsen Jorgen H. , Mellemkjaer Lene 
Published: March 2006

AbstractObjective: Although endometriosis and uterine leiomyomas are common conditions, the extent to which either is associated with certain types of malignancies remains uncertain.Methods: Using record linkage techniques, we assessed the relationships between hospital and outpatient admissions for endometriosis or leiomyomas and the development of ovarian and uterine cancers in Denmark between 1978 and 1998. Based on a population-based cohort exceeding 99,000 women, including 2,491 ovarian cancers, 860 borderline ovarian tumors, and 1,398 uterine cancers, we derived relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) associated with overall and histology-specific tumor risks after adjustment for calendar time and reproductive characteristics.Results: Endometriosis seemed to predispose to the development of ovarian cancer, with the association restricted to endometrioid or clear cell malignancies. Five or more years after the diagnosis of endometriosis, the RRs (95% CIs) were 2.53 (1.19-5.38) for endometrioid (7 exposed cases) and 3.37 (1.24-9.14) for clear cell (4 exposed cases) malignancies. Uterine leiomyomas were associated with increases in the risk of uterine malignancies, particularly sarcomas, where the RRs (95% CIs) were 20.80 (11.32-38.22) for women with 1 to 4 years of follow-up (11 exposed cases) and 5.70 (2.27-14.32) for those with more extended follow-up (5 exposed cases).Conclusion: In combination with clinical, pathologic, and molecular data, our results support that some endometriotic lesions may predispose to clear cell and endometrioid ovarian cancers. Uterine leiomyomas also showed a strong connection with subsequent uterine sarcomas, although it was difficult to decipher whether this reflected detection bias, shared risk factors, or an etiologic relationship. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2005;14(12):2929–35)
The Angiotensin I–Converting Enzyme Gene Insertion/Deletion Polymorphism Is Linked to Early Gastric Cancer
Authors: Ebert Matthias P.A. , Lendeckel Uwe , Westphal Sabine , Dierkes Jutta , Glas Jürgen , Folwaczny Christian , Roessner Albert , Stolte Manfred , Malfertheiner Peter , Röcken Christoph 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
The insertion/deletion polymorphism of the angiotensin I–converting enzyme (ACE) gene has recently been linked to the pathogenesis and progression of human cancers. Using genomic DNA from 88 patients with early gastric cancer confined either to mucosa (pT1a) or submucosa (pT1b), we assessed the insertion (I) and deletion (D) polymorphism by PCR analysis and compared it with a large noncancer control population (n = 145). In the noncancer control group, the II genotype was observed in 33 (23%) individuals, whereas the ID and DD genotypes were found in 72 (50%) and 40 (27%) individuals, respectively. Interestingly, in the cancer group, we found the II genotype in six (7%) patients and the ID genotype in 46 (52%) individuals, whereas the DD genotype was observed in 36 (41%) individuals (P = 0.0034). Accordingly, the odds ratio for the II genotype was 0.20 [95% confidence interval (95% CI), 0.08-0.54; P = 0.009] and 0.55 for the ID/II genotype (95% CI, 0.31-0.96; P = 0.044) using the high-activity genotype DD as the reference category. No correlation was found among tumor type, tumor stage, the presence of Helicobacter pylori, and the ACE genotype. Our study provides further evidence that the ACE insertion/deletion gene polymorphism may be linked to the development of early gastric cancer. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2005;14(12):2987–9)
Interindividual Variation in Nucleotide Excision Repair Genes and Risk of Endometrial Cancer
Authors: Weiss Jocelyn M. , Weiss Noel S. , Ulrich Cornelia M. , Doherty Jennifer A. , Voigt Lynda F. , Chen Chu 
Published: March 2006

AbstractExposure to estrogens is a likely cause of endometrial cancer, but the means by which estrogens exert this effect are not entirely clear. One hypothesis is that certain estrogen metabolites bind to the DNA, forming bulky adducts that damage the DNA and initiate carcinogenesis. A woman's reduced capacity to repair such damage may increase her risk of endometrial cancer. We conducted a population-based case-control study in western Washington State to address the role of variation in nucleotide excision repair genes on the risk of endometrial cancer. Case women (n = 371), ages 50 to 69 years, were diagnosed with invasive endometrial cancer between 1994 and 1999. Control women (n = 420) were selected using random-digit dialing (ages 50-65 years) and by random selection from Health Care Financing Administration data files (ages 66-69 years). Genotyping assays were done for ERCC1, ERCC2 (XPD), ERCC4 (XPF), ERCC5 (XPG), XPA, and XPC. No appreciable differences between cases and controls were observed in the genotype distributions of ERCC1 (c8092a and c19007t), ERCC2 (D312N, K751Q, and c22541a), ERCC4 (R415Q and t30028c), or ERCC5 (D1104H). Carriage of at least one variant allele for XPA G23A was associated with decreased risk of endometrial cancer [odds ratio (OR), 0.70; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 0.53-0.93]. Carriage of at least one XPC A499V variant allele was associated with a modest decrease in risk (OR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.59-1.05). Women with variant alleles at both XPC A499V and K939Q had 58% of the risk of women with no XPC variant alleles (OR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.35-0.96). Our data suggest that interindividual variation in XPA and XPC influences a woman's risk of endometrial cancer.
Genetic Variation and Willingness to Participate in Epidemiologic Research: Data from Three Studies
Authors: Bhatti Parveen , Sigurdson Alice J. , Wang Sophia S. , Chen Jinbo , Rothman Nathaniel , Hartge Patricia , Bergen Andrew W. , Landi Maria Teresa 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe differences in common genetic polymorphism frequencies by willingness to participate in epidemiologic studies are unexplored, but the same threats to internal validity operate as for studies with nongenetic information. We analyzed single nucleotide polymorphism genotypes, haplotypes, and short tandem repeats among control groups from three studies with different recruitment designs that included early, late, and never questionnaire responders, one or more participation incentives, and blood or buccal DNA collection. Among 2,955 individuals, we compared 108 genotypes, 8 haplotypes, and 9 to 15 short tandem repeats by respondent type. Among our main comparisons, single nucleotide polymorphism genotype frequencies differed significantly (P &lt; 0.05) between respondent groups in six instances, with 13 expected by chance alone. When comparing the odds of carrying a variant among the various response groups, 19 odds ratios were ≤0.70 or ≥1.40, levels that might be notably different. Among the various respondent group comparisons, haplotype and short tandem repeat frequencies were not significantly different by willingness to participate. We observed little evidence to suggest that genotype differences underlie response characteristics in molecular epidemiologic studies, but a greater variety of genes should be examined, including those related to behavioral traits potentially associated with willingness to participate. To the extent possible, investigators should evaluate their own genetic data for bias in response categories.
Dairy Products and Ovarian Cancer: A Pooled Analysis of 12 Cohort Studies
Authors: Genkinger Jeanine M. , Hunter David J. , Spiegelman Donna , Anderson Kristin E. , Arslan Alan , Beeson W. Lawrence , Buring Julie E. , Fraser Gary E. , Freudenheim Jo L. , Goldbohm R. Alexandra , Hankinson Susan E. , Jacobs David R. , Koushik Anita , Lacey James V. , Larsson Susanna C. , Leitzmann Michael , McCullough Marji L. , Miller Anthony B. , Rodriguez Carmen , Rohan Thomas E. , Schouten Leo J. , Shore Roy , Smit Ellen , Wolk Alicja , Zhang Shumin M. , Smith-Warner Stephanie A. 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
Background: Dairy foods and their constituents (lactose and calcium) have been hypothesized to promote ovarian carcinogenesis. Although case-control studies have reported conflicting results for dairy foods and lactose, several cohort studies have shown positive associations between skim milk, lactose, and ovarian cancer.
Methods: A pooled analysis of the primary data from 12 prospective cohort studies was conducted. The study population consisted of 553,217 women among whom 2,132 epithelial ovarian cases were identified. Study-specific relative risks and 95% confidence intervals were calculated by Cox proportional hazards models and then pooled by a random-effects model.
Results: No statistically significant associations were observed between intakes of milk, cheese, yogurt, ice cream, and dietary and total calcium intake and risk of ovarian cancer. Higher lactose intakes comparing ≥30 versus &lt;10 g/d were associated with a statistically significant higher risk of ovarian cancer, although the trend was not statistically significant (pooled multivariate relative risk, 1.19; 95% confidence interval, 1.01-1.40; Ptrend = 0.19). Associations for endometrioid, mucinous, and serous ovarian cancer were similar to the overall findings.
Discussion: Overall, no associations were observed for intakes of specific dairy foods or calcium and ovarian cancer risk. A modest elevation in the risk of ovarian cancer was seen for lactose intake at the level that was equivalent to three or more servings of milk per day. Because a new dietary guideline recommends two to three servings of dairy products per day, the relation between dairy product consumption and ovarian cancer risk at these consumption levels deserves further examination. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2006;15(2):364–72)
The Relative Use of Eight Collagenous and Noncollagenous Markers for Diagnosis of Skeletal Metastases in Breast, Prostate, or Lung Cancer Patients
Authors: Leeming Diana J. , Koizumi Mitsuru , Byrjalsen Inger , Li Bo , Qvist Per , Tankó László B. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe present study was sought to assess the relative use of eight biomarkers for the detection of bone metastases in cancer forms frequently spreading to the skeleton. Participants were 161 patients with either breast, prostate, or lung cancer. The presence and extent of bone metastases was assessed by imaging techniques (computer tomography and/or magnetic resonance imaging) and Technetium-99m scintigraphy. Serum or urinary level of the bone resorption markers (ααCTX, ββCTX, NTX, and ICTP), formation marker (BSAP), and osteoclastogenesis markers (osteoprotegerin, RANKL, and TRAP5b) was measured by commercially available immunoassays. When assessed on a group basis, all biomarkers, except for osteoprotegerin and RANKL, were significantly elevated in patients compared with those without bone metastases (P &lt; 0.05). Biomarkers had greater diagnostic value in breast and prostate cancer patients, yet ααCTX, NTx, and ICTP were able to discriminate lung cancer patients with or without bone metastases (P &lt; 0.05). Strong linear associations were seen between the extent of skeletal infiltration and levels of the different biomarkers, except for osteoprotegerin and RANKL. Furthermore, all biomarkers (except for osteoprotegerin and RANKL) were indicative at the early stage of skeletal involvement (one to five metastases). When expressing sensitivity as the percentage increase in biomarker level relative to patients without bone metastases, ααCTX showed the largest relative increases at each stage of the metastatic disease. These results suggest that closer monitoring of cancer patients with serial measures of biomarkers might facilitate the timely diagnosis of skeletal metastases. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2006;15(1)32–8)
Associations between ERα, ERβ, and AR Genotypes and Colon and Rectal Cancer
Authors: Slattery Martha L. , Sweeney Carol , Murtaugh Maureen , Ma Khe Ni , Wolff Roger K. , Potter John D. , Caan Bette J. , Samowitz Wade 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
Estrogen and androgens are thought to be involved in the etiology of colorectal cancer. We evaluate genetic variants of the estrogen receptor genes (ERα and ERβ) and the androgen receptor gene (AR). We use data from two large case-control studies of colon (n = 1,580 cases and 1,968 controls) and rectal (n = 797 cases and 1,016 controls) cancer. We evaluated the 351A&gt;G XbaI polymorphism of ERα, the 1,082 G&gt;A and CA repeat polymorphisms of ERβ, and the CAG repeat of AR. Having two 25 or more CA repeats in ERβ was associated with an increased relative risk of colon cancer in women [odds ratio (OR), 2.13; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.24-3.64] but not in men (Pinteraction relative excess risk from interaction &lt; 0.01; multiplicative = 0.03). Increasing number of AR CAG repeats was directly associated with colon cancer among men (OR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.06-1.54), but not women (OR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.68-1.02); the interaction P value for AR gene × sex was &lt;0.01. Taking hormone replacement therapy (HRT) was associated with a reduced risk of colon cancer in the presence of the R allele of the ERβ gene, whereas an R allele was associated with increased risk among postmenopausal women who did not take HRT. Postmenopausal women not using HRT who had ≥25 CA repeats of the ERβ gene had over a 6-fold increased risk of colon cancer (OR, 6.71; 95% CI, 2.89-15.6). Our results suggest that the ERβ gene is more important than ERα in the etiology of colorectal cancer. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2005;14(12):2936–42)
Risk of Non–Hodgkin Lymphoma Associated with Polymorphisms in Folate-Metabolizing Genes
Authors: Lightfoot Tracy J. , Skibola Christine F. , Willett Eleanor V. , Skibola Danica R. , Allan James M. , Coppede Fabio , Adamson Peter J. , Morgan Gareth J. , Roman Eve , Smith Martyn T. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractGenetic instability, including chromosomal imbalance, is important in the pathogenesis of lymphoproliferative disorders such as non–Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). DNA synthesis and methylation, which are closely linked to folate metabolism and transport, may be affected by polymorphisms in genes involved in these pathways. Folate metabolism polymorphisms have been linked to acute lymphoblastic leukemia and colorectal cancer. To evaluate whether genetic variation in folate metabolism and transport may have a role in determining the risk of developing NHL, we analyzed several polymorphisms using DNA obtained as part of a large U.K. population-based case-control study of lymphoma. Polymorphisms studied include methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) 677 C&gt;T and 1298 A&gt;C, methionine synthase (MTR) 2756 A&gt;G, serine hydroxymethyltransferase (SHMT1) 1420 C&gt;T, thymidylate synthase (TYMS) 1494del6 and 28–bp repeat, and reduced folate carrier (RFC) 80 G&gt;A. Increased risks for NHL [odds ratio (OR), 1.48; 95% confidence intervals (CI), 1.12-1.97], and marginal zone lymphoma (OR, 3.38; 95% CI, 1.30-8.82) were associated with the TYMS 2R/3R variant. Marginal increased risks were also observed for diffuse large B cell lymphoma with the TYMS homozygous 6 bp deletion (OR, 1.61; 95% CI, 0.99-2.60) and for follicular lymphoma with RFC 80AA (OR, 1.44; 95% CI, 0.94-2.22) and TYMS 28–bp repeat 2R/3R (OR, 1.45; 95% CI, 0.96-2.2). We observed no association between NHL and haplotypes for MTHFR or TYMS. These findings are somewhat inconsistent with those of others, but may reflect differences in circulating folate levels between study populations. Thus, further investigations are warranted in larger series with dietary information to determine the roles that genetics and folic acid status play in the etiology of lymphoma. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2005;14(12):2999–3003)