bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of the lichens Coccocarpia palmicola, Parmotrema clavuliferum and Parmotrema tinctorum
Authors: Atni Oky Kusuma , Munir Erman , Siregar Etti Sartina , Saleh M. N. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Lichens, symbiotic organisms formed by fungi and photosynthetic partners, produce secondary metabolites with various biological activities, including antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. This study investigates the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of methanol extracts Parmotrema tinctorum, Parmotrema clavuliferum, and Coccocarpia palmicola, collected from Bukit Barisan Grand Forest, North Sumatra. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated using the disc diffusion method against six bacterial strains and Candida albicans. Parmotrema tinctorum showed the highest antimicrobial activity, particularly against Staphylococcus aureus with inhibition zones up to 14.0±2.60 mm. In contrast, Parmotrema clavuliferum and Coccocarpia palmicola demonstrated lower antimicrobial activity. Antioxidant activity was assessed using the DPPH radical-scavenging method, with IC50 values of 156.9354 µg/mL for Coccocarpia palmicola, 159.7039 µg/mL, Parmotrema tinctorum, and 250.2981 µg/mL for Parmotrema clavuliferum. The study concludes that Parmotrema tinctorum shows promise as a source of antimicrobial agents with potential applications in pharmaceutical and industrial applications.
Design of system monitoring discharge flow and volume hydrogen gas based an Internet of Things (IoT) on Electrolyzer
Authors: Hakim Lukman , Waruwu Delima 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Hydrogen gas is an important element in various industrial applications as a substitute for fossil fuels and requires proper supervision, due to its flammability. This research aims to design a monitoring tool for the volume and flow of hydrogen gas through the application of the Internet of Things (IoT) which serves to prevent leakage or excessive accumulation of hydrogen gas. This design is made using an electrolyzer as a source of hydrogen gas, utilizing a bmp 180 sensor and an mq-8 sensor. In addition, nodemcu microcontroller, arduino uno, solenoid, battery, relay, led and buzzer are used. The mq-8 sensor is calibrated based on the datasheet with an error of 1.62%. The proposed system is a real-time measurement with remote monitoring via an IoT network. The data generated by these sensors will be sent automatically to google spreadsheet and Blynk to enable operators to monitor hydrogen gas conditions quickly and responsively. From the results obtained, the gas concentration has a minimum value of 223.938583 Pa and a maximum value of 1837.199707 Pa with initial hydrogen gas volumes of 0.002818 and 0.023464 at the end of the measurement. The main advantage of this system is the ability to identify changes in conditions instantly and provide immediate preventive or corrective action if required. The results of this study are expected to make a significant contribution in improving the efficiency and reliability of hydrogen gas usage in various industrial applications.
Bee Feed Diversity at Flora Nauli Beekeepers, Pematang Siantar, North Sumatra Province
Authors: Affandi Oding , Permatasari Lili , Batubara Ridwanti , Ulfa Mariah 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Besides producing honey, honey bees can also produce other products such as propolis, royal jelly, and pollen that can provide economic benefits for farmers. The success of honey bee cultivation is influenced by the availability of flowers as bee feed. The research conducted aims to provide information and data on the availability of feed contained in the Flora Nauli Beekeepers site. Data collection methods were carried out by conducting direct observations, inventory and interviews to obtain information in the form of bee feed plants, plant flower season. Furthermore, literature studies related to the research were carried out in the form of data on the general condition of the research location, determination of plant species and plant flower season. The results of the research identified 43 species of bee feed sources. There are 11 species of plants that flower throughout the year. Flora Nauli Beekeepers has many diverse and sufficient bee feed sources.
Landslide susceptibility mapping using a combination of frequency ratio and fuzzy logic methods in The Malino Sub-watershed, Jeneberang Watershed, Indonesia
Authors: Soma Andang Suryana , Rachmat Ramadhan Muh. Dandy , Hasnawir  , Wahyuni  
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The Malino Sub-watershed is a part of the Jeneberang watershed that can cause natural disasters in landslides with various triggering factors. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze landslide susceptibility by knowing the distribution and factors influencing landslides and mapping using the frequency ratio and fuzzy logic methods. The parameters used in this study include rainfall, curvature, river distance, road distance, fault distance, slope, altitude, lithology, and land cover. These parameters are processed to obtain the ratio value and normalized based on different formulas to get the fuzzy membership value. The results revealed 371 landslide events. The slope was > 45%, and the cover of scrublands had the highest probability value, with a frequency ratio of 11.76 and a fuzzy membership value of 1. The landslide susceptibility map using the Gamma operator with Model 1 on fuzzy membership 3 has the best validation value, with an AUC for a success rate of 0.743 and a prediction level of 0.747. A very low class dominated the susceptibility area with a percentage of 54.15%, followed by high and very high classes with a percentage of 4.14%.
Indonesia’s policy responses to climate change in sustainable natural resource management: Jokowi’s tenure
Authors: Ritonga Alwi Dahlan , Amin Muryanto , Situmorang Tonny P. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This research examined Indonesia’s policy responses to climate change and sustainable natural resource management during President Jokowi’s tenure. The study adopts a desk research approach, gathering data from various secondary sources, including scientific literature, websites, news, government policy documents, and official reports. The research highlights significant efforts made by Indonesia in addressing climate change, such as the signing and implementing of the Paris Agreement, commitments to greenhouse gas emission reduction, and the development of the Low Carbon Development Plan. It also discusses initiatives in sustainable natural resource management, including the moratorium on new licenses and improvements in forest and peatland governance. However, the research identifies several challenges Indonesia faces in tackling climate change, such as a lack of coordination between government agencies, resource constraints, and the need to enhance community participation in natural resource management. The findings demonstrate that while notable advancements in policy responses to climate change and sustainable natural resource management exist, further efforts are needed to achieve ambitious goals. Improved coordination among government institutions, clear incentives for subnational leaders, and adequate resource allocation are crucial factors in achieving sustainable development. This research comprehensively explains Indonesia’s efforts to respond to climate change and enhance sustainable natural resource management during President Jokowi’s tenure. It also offers recommendations to strengthen policy responses, including improving coordination, increasing community participation, and allocating sufficient resources to foster better sustainable development outcomes in the future.
Synergistic effect of amine-modified palm stearin and carbon black in natural rubber reinforcement applying different cure systems
Authors: Surya I , Zahra F Az , Khatami M , Ismail H 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This study explores the synergistic effect of amine-modified palm stearin (AMPS) and carbon black (CB) in the reinforcement of natural rubber (NR) using various cure systems. Modifying palm stearin with amine groups aims to enhance the interfacial interaction between the filler and the rubber matrix, potentially improving mechanical properties. Different curing systems, including conventional (CV), efficient (EV), and semi-efficient (SEV) vulcanization, were employed to assess their impact on the reinforcement efficiency of the AMPS/CB composite. The results indicate that the combination of AMPS and CB significantly enhances the tensile strength, modulus, and elongation at the break of NR, compared to carbon black alone. Additionally, the type of cure system was found to influence the overall performance of the composite, with each system exhibiting distinct mechanical and processing properties. The study provides insights into the potential application of bio-based fillers like AMPS in improving the sustainability and performance of rubber materials.
Genetic diversity of painted terrapin (Batagur borneoensis) using mitochondrial DNA D- Loop Region at Setiu River, Terengganu
Authors: Madiran Nor Ainsyafikah , Suud Nur Kaiyisah , Aiman Mohd Nasir Muhammad Syafiq , Ismail Norshida , Nasir Muhammad Zaid , Omar Chik Maslinda , Kamarudin Ahmad Syazni 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The Painted Terrapin (Batagur borneoensis), a critically endangered freshwater turtle in Malaysia, is facing rapid decline due to adult and egg harvesting for food and habitat loss from beachfront development. This study aimed to assess genetic diversity in random nesting sites along the Setiu River. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) from saliva samples of B. borneoensis was extracted, PCR amplified using D-Loop primer, sequenced and analysed, revealing two main haplotypes with low haplotype diversity and nucleotide diversity (Hd=0.0952, π=0.00015). Both haplotypes form a single clade, indicating they originate from the same maternal lineage. In addition, Hd and π values indicate genetic diversity within the population of the B. borneoensis at Setiu river is low. The results underscore the critical importance of focused conservation efforts to protect this species besides needing to increase the sample size to give a more accurate assessment on the genetic diversity and population structure of B. borneoensis.
Macroinvertebrate biodiversity and health status of the upper Wampu River watershed after the eruption of Mount Sinabung
Authors: Leidonald Rusdi , Br Sinulingga Yuli Darnita , Yusni Eri , Muhtadi Ahmad , Rohim Nur , Firdaus Muh 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The rivers at the foot of Mount Sinabung are part of the Wampu River Watershed. The Wampu River Watershed is one of the principal and most important ecosystems in the regencies of Langkat and Karo, North Sumatra Province. The objective of this study is to determine the biodiversity of macroinvertebrates and the health status of the river using the biotic index method. This research was conducted from July to August 2023 in the tributaries surrounding Mount Sinabung. The identification results of the macroinvertebrates revealed 17 species from 14 families. The most frequently found macroinvertebrate was Melanoides tuberculata, with a density of 65 individuals per square metre. The health status of the upstream section of the Wampu River Watershed generally ranges from very poor to very good water quality. Very poor river conditions were observed in the tributaries directly connected to Mount Sinabung.
Structure and composition of plant species and contribution of agrosilvopastura system in Baringeng Village, Libureng District, Bone Regency, Indonesia
Authors: Makkasau Ahmad Rifqi , Millang Syamsuddin , Rosyidah Ummi , Afdal Muh. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Agroforestry system is integrated land management by combining timber crops and seasonal crops or with a combination of livestock based on the principle of sustainability. Agroforestry aims to maintain the ecological function of the forest and increase farmers’ income. In general, Indonesian people have implemented agroforestry systems, especially the agrosilvopastura which is widely applied in communities in South Sulawesi. One location in South Sulawesi that applies agrosilvopastura as a source of income is the community in Bone Regency, especially in Baringeng Village, Libureng District. This research used purposive sampling and structured interviews with communities that implement the agrosilvopastura. In addition, tree measurements were carried out on community owned agroforestry land to produce data on wood volume and crown composition structure and data analysis was carried out descriptively quantitative. The results showed that agroforestry management in Baringeng Village with agrosilvopastura with management starting from land preparation, seed selection, planting, plant maintenance to harvest and marketing stages and found as many as 26 types of plants with 4 canopy strata namely strata A, B, C, and D and using random planting patterns. Average total income of farmers is Rp 90,581,483 ha/year and the average contribution of agroforestry to farmers’ income is 97%.
Optimization PGRs concentration using the TIS (Temporary Immersion System) method on Tembesu plants (Fagraea fragrans Roxb)
Authors: Ruben Eunike Christafilia , Gusmiaty  , Iswanto  , A’ida Nur 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Tembesu (Fagraea fragrans Roxb) is one of the high-value wood-producing tree species in Indonesia, known for its ease of shaping and resistance to cracking. However, Tembesu is overexploited without adequate reforestation, resulting in limited availability of Tembesu wood in the wild. Tissue culture is a technique for vegetative propagation of plants through the use of plant cells, tissues, or organs in a controlled medium (in vitro) under aseptic conditions. One of the tissue culture technologies is the Temporary Immersion System (TIS), which uses a short-term immersion system and periodic immersion. The success of plant propagation through tissue culture is determined by the medium and plant growth regulators (PGRs). This study aimed to determine the optimal concentration of PGRs for optimizing the growth of Tembesu explants using the TIS method. The research method began with the preparation of materials/explants, sterilization of equipment, media preparation, Planting, observation, and data analysis. The results showed that the MS medium with the addition of 2 ppm BAP is the optimal medium for the growth of Tembesu explants using the TIS method.
Diversity species of leaf litter decomposer fungi Avicennia marina at a salinity 11-20 ppt in The downstream of The Deli Belawan River
Authors: Yunasfi  , Sembiring Sephia , Sihotang Vinancia Mia S. , Lubis Sri Rusmayanti , Sitepu Gloury Arizona , Purba Jhon Ganda , Silalahi Rikson 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Mangrove leaf litter is very important in transferring organic material from vegetation into the soil through the decomposition process.Fungi and macrobenthos are thedecomposers that aid in the breakdown of A. marina leaf litter. The decomposition process of litter will produce organic materials such as carbohydrates and proteins which are very important for waters. This study aims to determine the species and diversity of fungi, as well as quantify the amount of protein and carbohydrates present during the process and calculate the pace of decomposition. This research approach stores leaf litter in a Litter-bag, which will be segregated and the rate of decomposition measured. Determination of carbohydrate and protein levels is carried out at the Medan Industrial Standardization and Services Center. The research was carried out in August 2023 January 2024. The findings indicated that the leaf litter of A. marina included six different species of fungi, with an average fungal species diversity of 1.69, placing the species in the medium range. The leaf litter of A. marina decomposes rate is 14.60/year. The mean proportion calculated of carbohydrate is 10.72% and protein is 7.38% in A. marina leaf litter.
Diversity of thalloid liverworts and hornworts in North Sumatra
Authors: Siregar Etti Sartina , Susilo Ferdinand 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Research on the diversity of thalloid liverworts and hornworts in North Sumatra has never been reported in sufficient. These plants have an ecological role and potential as a material for medicines. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct research to identify the species of thalloid liverworts and hornworts in North Sumatra. The research was conducted using the exploration method, exploring along the existing paths at the research site. The results of the study identified as many as 13 species of thalloid liverworts belonging to 6 families and 2 species of hornworts belonging to 2 families. The largest family is Marchantiaceae consisting of 6 species and 2 sub species, while the other families consist of one species. In this paper, a brief description and pictures of each species obtained are provided.
Food habit of Indian mackerel (Rastrelliger kanagurta) landed at the Pantai Labu Fishing Port (TPI) Deli Serdang Regency
Authors: Hasibuan Julia Syahrani , Panggabean Rachel Christy , Susetya Ipanna Enggar , Manurung Vindy Rilani , Fadhilah Amanatul 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Indian mackerel has a lot of demand in the community because it has high economic value and high nutritional value. The study aims to determine the types of food consumed by Indian mackerel and determine the food habits of fish. Research on the food habits of Indian Mackerel (Rastrelliger kanagurta) at the TPI Pantai Labu, Deli Serdang Regency, which was carried out in September – November 2022. The number of Indian Mackerel samples in this study was 264 individuals. The total length of the observed fish is between 120 – 335 mm. The relative gut length of mackerel is 1.19 so the fish is classified as an omnivorous fish, index of stomach content ranges from 1.012 to 1.018. The main food for mackerel is phytoplankton, complementary food is zooplankton and gastropods, and additional food is worms, squids, anchovies, and shrimp.
Plus tree selection of meranti bukit ( Shorea platyclados) in Dolok Sibual Buali Nature Reserve, North Sumatra
Authors: Rangkuti Ahmad Baiquni , Hartini Kansih Sri , Siahaan Samuel Jonathan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Selecting the right seed source or plus tree is one of the most important aspects in breeding activities forest plants, either generatively or vegetatively. Selection of the right plus tree determines the results and process of the next activity. In determining plus trees, several characters are needed that can be used as parameters in assessing the phenotype of a tree. parameters in assessing the phenotype of a tree. Assessment of phenotype characters can also determine the form of growth found in a tree. contained in a tree. The purpose of this research is to determine the candidate S. platyclados plus trees found in the Dolok Sibual-Buali Nature Reserve area. Candidate selection method candidate plus tree is done by using the comparison method. Analysis of data analysis carried out is analysis by using a table of values for the observed traits. A total of six S. platyclados as candidate trees plus that have been determined. The highest total score was found on candidate number tree candidate number 2 with a total score of the highest total score was found on candidate tree number plus 2 with a total score of 82 and the lowest on candidate tree number plus 6 with a total score of 67, while other candidate plus trees were found in the total score of 68-78. This difference in total score is because the appearance of a tree is influenced by differences in genotypes, differences in the environment where the tree grows, and the interaction between genotype and environment.
Population structure of Amorphophallus prainii Hook in Batu Jong-Jong Village, Bahorok District, Langkat Regency, North Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Rambey Ridahati , Siregar Feby Arista , Surbakti Brando Rivaldi 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Amorphophallus prainii is a type of amorphophallus endemic to North Sumatra, which has white flowers and has yellow flesh. Amorphophallus has been declared a protected plant in Indonesia according to Government Regulation No. 7/1999 (Appendix PP. No. 7/1999). Based on the results of research conducted using the Nasted sampling method, Amorphophallus prainii on Hevea brasiliensis land cover as many as 47 individuals, on Elaeis guinensis land cover as many as 149 individuals, and on riverside land cover as many as 229 individuals in 25 plots of each land cover vegetation analysis. Vegetation consists of various phases, namely the understorey phase, the seedling phase, the sapling phase, the pole phase and the tree phase. There are 19 types of rubber land cover, 11 types on Elaeis guinensis land cover and 24 types on riverside land cover that has an important value index above 10% allowing the type to maintain its sustainability.
Landuse of buffer zone in accommodating between community livelihood and habitat of Sumatran Tiger (Panthera tigris sumatrae) at Lau Damak Village, North Sumatera
Authors: Patana Pindi , Ali Kirana Arvianti , Thoha Achmad Siddik , Purwoko Agus , Alikodra Hadi Sukadi , Kuswanda Wanda , Pilianna Situmorang Rospita Odorlina , Suntornvongsagul Kallaya , Rahmawaty  , Abdullah Muhammad Fuad , Suratman Mohammad Nazip 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Land use changes within the buffer zone of Gunung Leuser National Park (GLNP) are predicted to affect the use of space and interaction between humans and animals such as Sumatran tigers. This study was conducted to analyze community activities and their impacts within the buffer zone, a habitat for Sumatran tigers at Lau Damak Village, Bahorok District, Langkat Regency. The methods used were field observations and interviews with the community. Selection of respondents purposively with snowball sampling resulted in 51.11% working as farmers, and 67% being the Karo tribe. Agricultural activities of the community based on land status are mostly 37.8% located in other-use areas. Their land was cultivated with palm oil, rubber, mixed gardens, and crops. People who have seen tiger activities directly crossing the community land area are 17.8%. The results showed that the land use type factor did not affect the tiger presence, which means that any type of land use does not influence the Sumatran tiger presence. They will continue to visit areas that can fulfill their ecological needs in terms of food, water sources, and places to survive.
Analysis of the impact of pine forest management: Case study in Ronggur Nihuta Village, Samosir Regency
Authors: Limbong Josephine Anastasia , Situmorang Tonny P. , Arifin Adil , Fauzan Indra , Rahmadani Suci 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This research aims to analyze the impact of pine forest management in Ronggur Nihuta Village, Samosir Regency on the cultivating community as well as the impact of pine forest management on environmental sustainability which emerged as a result of a letter requesting to stop tapping pine trees from the Samosir regional government. Considering that as many as 75% of the people in Ronggur Nihuta Village, Samosir Regency depend on their livelihood from tapping pine resin. The research method used in this research is a qualitative research method. The results of the research show that the impact of pine forest management problems on the community led to demonstrations. However, this action was responded to by the Samosir district DPRD, which stated that the community could manage pine forests again as long as they managed the forest in accordance with the SOP (Government Operational Standards). In the sense that the demonstration they carried out was successful even though they could not meet directly with the regent of Samosir. Meanwhile, environmental sustainability can be achieved if it is encouraged by several things such as, socialization and replacement of pine sap tapping methods (A1), planting forest trees at pine sap tapping locations, increasing assistance to the community (A3), developing tourism potential in the area (A4), and provide training to tappers.