bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Future of Circular Economy: Person‐Narrative and Scenario Planning on Self‐Sustained Circular Business Ecosystem in Minimizing Plastic Waste
Authors: Pambudi Noorhan Firdaus , Samarakoon Samindi M. K. , Ratnayake R. M. Chandima , Simatupang Togar Mangihut , Mulyono Nur Budi 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThis study focuses on plastic waste and the need for a circular economy approach to reduce its exploitation. The aim of the study is to explore alternative future scenarios for implementing a circular business ecosystem for plastic products or waste. The research uses scenario planning to address the uncertainty surrounding sustainability aspects. We conduct multiple interviews with individuals involved in plastic waste collection, recycling, and reduction. The study also creates personas through cluster analysis of questionnaire responses from 1000 respondents in six Indonesian regions. The research identifies four personas: the pure eco‐consumer, the market‐rational eco‐consumer, the exploitative consumer, and the eco‐consumer pragmatist. We use these personas to shape future scenarios for the circular business ecosystem, with a focus on consumer or community conditions. The research presents four scenarios for the future of plastic waste management: reducing plastic waste through a reuse model, recycling plastic waste for new material sources, recovering energy from plastic waste, and a throw‐away society. The findings emphasize the importance of safe working conditions and fair wages for waste workers, and they suggest that the private sector can contribute by formalizing public waste facilities. Policymakers and business initiators can use the research findings to develop policies and strategies that encourage the adoption of a circular economy business ecosystem for plastic waste management.
Tumor‐Associated Macrophages: Key Players in the Non‐Small Cell Lung Cancer Tumor Microenvironment
Authors: Lv Tongtong , Fan Rui , Wu Jiaqi , Gong Haolan , Gao Xiaoru , Liu Xin , Gong Yixin , Luo Bo , Zhang Yanhua , Peng Xiaochun , Liang Gai 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundLung cancer is among the most common and deadliest malignant tumors worldwide. It is often detected at late stages, resulting in unfavorable outcomes, with tumor cell heterogeneity and medication resistance. Tumor‐associated macrophages are among the key cells contributing to cancer progression. They are categorized into two primary phenotypes: Proinflammatory (M1) and anti‐inflammatory (M2) which are involved in the onset and progression of NSCLC. The role of common cytokines secreted by macrophages in the progression of lung cancer are described, and the effects of various substances such as RNA or protein on the differentiation and polarization of two phenotypes of macrophages are highlighted to characterize the impact of the immune state of tumors on therapeutic effect of treatments and patient prognosis. Researchers have primarily aimed to investigate innovative carriers and strategies based on macrophages to modify the tumor microenvironment.ObjectivesThese approaches are often integrated with other treatments, particularly immunotherapy, to enhance therapeutic efficacy.MethodsA comprehensive review was carried out by systematically synthesizing existing literature on PubMed, using the combination of the keywords “TAMs”, “NSCLC”, “Drug resistance”, and “therapy”. The available studies were screened for selection based on quality and relevance.ConclusionsTAMs promote tumor invasion, growth, and metastasis by promoting angiogenesis and EMT. In addition, they contribute to the development of drug resistance and the immunosuppressive microenvironment establishment. The immunosuppressive factors secreted by TAM can weaken the activity of immune cells, inhibit their killing effect on tumors, leading to immune suppression and hindering the effectiveness of treatment. Therefore, TAM is a key target for the development of cancer immunotherapy. Various strategies are being explored, including reducing the recruitment of TAMs and influencing their polarization to treat NSCLC. In addition, TAMs based treatment systems can achieve precise delivery of drugs or gene interfering molecules without causing side effects.
Advances in Cytosolic Delivery of Proteins: Approaches, Challenges, and Emerging Technologies
Authors: Zhang Wenyan , Liu Huiling , Zhu Bingdong , Li Wen , Han Xue , Fu Jiaojiao , Luo Renjie , Wang Haiyan , Wang Jinxia 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTAlthough therapeutic proteins have achieved recognized clinical success, they are inherently membrane impermeable, which limits them to acting only on extracellular or membrane‐associated targets. Developing an efficient protein delivery method will provide a unique opportunity for intracellular target‐related therapeutic proteins. In this review article, we summarize the different pathways by which cells take up proteins. These pathways fall into two main categories: One in which proteins are transported directly across the cell membrane and the other through endocytosis. At the same time, important features to ensure successful delivery through these pathways are highlighted. We then provide a comprehensive overview of the latest developments in the transduction of covalent protein modifications, such as coupling cell‐penetrating motifs and supercharging, as well as the use of nanocarriers to mediate protein transport, such as liposomes, polymers, and inorganic nanoparticles. Finally, we emphasize the existing challenges of cytoplasmic protein delivery and provide an outlook for future progress.
JET EDGE Technique: Results of a Single‐Center Retrospective Study of Jetstream Atherectomy Using the Guidewire Bias Method for Eccentric Severely Calcified Lesions
Authors: Iwata Shuko , Tan Michinao , Miwa Takashi , Sasaki Wataru , Urasawa Kazushi 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe Jetstream device is an effective treatment option for debulking calcified lesions; however, it carries a risk of damaging the healthy vessel wall. This study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the Jetstream device combined with wire bias adjustments for treating eccentric calcified lesions.AimsThe aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of JET EDGE technique for treating eccentric calcified lesions.MethodsThis single‐center, retrospective, nonrandomized observational study was conducted at a cardiovascular department in Japan. It included patients aged ≥ 20 years with eccentric calcified lesions (Rutherford classification 3−6) who underwent endovascular therapy using the Jetstream catheter for femoropopliteal disease between October 2022 and September 2024.ResultsTwenty‐eight lesions in 28 patients (28.6% female; mean age: 76.9 ± 7.3 years) with a mean follow‐up period of 409 ± 174 days were analyzed. All lesions were graded 3 or 4 on the peripheral arterial calcium scoring system. The procedural success rate was 96.4%. No vascular perforations or medial layer damage were observed on imaging following the use of the Jetstream catheter. The 1‐year Kaplan–Meier estimates for primary patency, freedom from major adverse limb events, and freedom from target lesion revascularization were 88.6%, 88.1%, and 91.3%, respectively.ConclusionsThis retrospective study demonstrates that eccentric calcified lesions, which pose a risk of damaging the healthy vessel wall during treatment with the Jetstream catheter, can be safely treated by adjusting the wire bias during the procedure.
Onset of Fibromyalgia Symptoms Following Parvovirus B19 Infection: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Nigro Angelo 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThis case report identifies parvovirus B19 as a potential trigger for fibromyalgia, underscoring the contribution of viral infections to the pathogenesis of chronic pain syndromes. Awareness of this association may prompt clinicians to consider infectious agents in the differential diagnosis of new‐onset fibromyalgia, facilitating timely recognition and personalized management strategies.
Sarcomatoid Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Gao Bo , Liu Yan , Duan Wendu 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTSarcomatoid hepatocellular carcinoma (SHC), which contains variable proportions of sarcomatous and carcinomatous components, is a rare variant of hepatocellular carcinoma and is a special variant of hepatocellular carcinoma. It is highly malignant, progresses rapidly, and has an extremely poor prognosis. However, the molecular pathogenesis of SHC remains unknown. We report a case of a 35‐year‐old male, previously healthy with no liver disease history, who presented with intermittent fever. Imaging examination during hospitalization revealed focal liver lesions. Without obvious surgical contraindications, right hemihepatectomy, cholecystectomy, and regional lymph node dissection were performed. Postoperative pathology and immunohistochemistry confirmed the diagnosis of SHC. However, due to the financial burden of the disease, the patient and his family chose traditional Chinese medicine as postoperative supplementary treatment rather than targeted drug combined with immunotherapy or other adjuvant therapies. Unfortunately, the patient passed away due to tumor recurrence 8 months after surgery.
Physicochemical Properties of New Ionic Liquids and Plastic Crystal Based on Huckel Anions
Authors: Sourjah Azra , Mikus Agnieszka , Forsyth Craig M. , Wieczorek Wladyslaw , O'Dell Luke A. , Pringle Jennifer M. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThere is increasing interest in ionic liquid electrolytes for battery applications due to their potential as safer alternatives to conventional liquid electrolytes. By carefully selecting cations and anions, the physicochemical properties of these salts can be optimised. However, investigation of new cations and anions is still required to achieve the desired electrolyte properties such as high conductivity, electrochemical stability and low corrosivity. Thus, here a new series of room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) and an organic ionic plastic crystal (OIPC) were synthesized and characterized based on N−ethyl−N−methylpyrrolidinium ([C2mpyr]+) and N−ethyl−N−methyloxazolidinium ([C2moxa]+) cations, paired with 4,5‐dicyano‐2‐(trifluoromethyl)imidazolide ([TDI]−) and 4,5‐dicyano‐2‐(pentafluoroethyl)imidazolide ([PDI]−) anions, forming [C2mpyr][TDI] (OIPC), [C2mpyr][PDI] (IL), [C2moxa][TDI] (IL), and [C2moxa][PDI] (IL). Thermal properties were analysed using DSC and TGA. The plastic phase of the OIPC [C2mpyr][TDI] is wide and spans most electrolyte application temperatures, extending from −40 to 56 °C. All salts exhibit thermal stability above 200 °C. The temperature dependence of the transport properties (viscosity, ionic conductivity, self‐diffusion coefficient) were measured and fitted by the Vogel‐Fulcher‐Tamman (VFT) equation, and the ionicity of the ILs is reported. The electrochemical stability windows of the salts were analysed by CV, and the [C2mpyr]+ cation‐based ILs showed the widest window of ~5 V.
Unveiling Quantum Coherence Effects in Modulating Electron Transfer in Platinum (II) Donor‐Acceptor‐Donor Systems
Authors: Li Juanjuan , Shi Yuqing , Cui Can , Li Yefan , Ruan Chenluwei , Cheng Tao 
Published: February 2025

AbstractQuantum coherence effects (QCEs), arising from the interference of wave‐like amplitudes, are crucial in controlling the electron transfer function of molecular systems. Here, we report a coherence phenomenon associated with charge separation (CS) in a range of Pt (II) cis‐acetylide donor‐acceptor‐donor (D‐A‐D) systems, where the photogenerated Pt (III) center acts as an acceptor connecting two (R)phenothiazine (R = H or tBu) donors. Femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy revealed that CS rates in D‐A‐D systems with double CS paths were accelerated by 4–8 times compared to their donor‐acceptor (D‐A) counterparts with a single path. An enhancement factor of 2–3 in electronic coupling, within the context of interference between CS paths, is derived, providing a clear signature of QCEs. This enhancementin CS processes closely correlates with the strength of coupling between donors. This study highlights the significant impact of QCEs on the photophysical properties of molecular systems and offers insights into charge and energy transport mechanisms in both natural and artificial systems.
Halogen Modulation and Physical Property Variation in Two Novel Mixed‐Cation Organic‐Inorganic Hybrid Perovskites†
Authors: Fu Xiaomei , Zhou Zining , Yang Yawen , He Lei , Mu Jie , Ye Qiong 
Published: February 2025

Comprehensive SummaryOrganic‐inorganic hybrid perovskites (OIHPs) offer precise control over material properties through the substitution of organic cations and halogens. In this study, two OIHPs, [(C6H10P)(n‐BA)]Sb2X9 ([C6H10P]+ = [Me3PCH2CH2CH3]+, [n‐BA]+ = n‐butylamine cation, X = I (1), Br (2)), were synthesized by varying halogens within a mixed‐cation system. The halogen substitution induced a shift from compound 1, which remains stable without phase transitions, to compound 2, which undergoes a ferroelastic phase transition (mmmF2/m). Compound 1 crystallizes in the non‐centrosymmetric Pca21 space group and demonstrates a second harmonic generation (SHG) response, while compound 2 displays elasticity in nanoindentation tests. Halogen substitution alters Sb—X bond lengths, inducing structural distortions in the inorganic framework and influencing the spatial configuration of organic cations and inorganic anions. These changes lead to distinct crystallization behaviors, resulting in different physical properties for compounds 1 and 2. This work contributes to the development of multifunctional materials based on halogen regulation in mixed‐cation OIHPs.
Recent Natural Product Total Syntheses Involving Cycloadditions of Allenes
Authors: Gu Chen‐Chen , Long Xiong‐En , Chen Xiuping , Liu Junyang , Li Chuang‐Chuang 
Published: February 2025

Comprehensive SummaryAllenes, characterized by their cumulated carbon–carbon double bonds, have emerged as indispensable synthons in the construction of complex natural products. Their unique reactivity and stereochemical properties render allenes a powerful tool for the efficient and streamlined total synthesis of structurally intricate natural products. This review comprehensively summarizes the total syntheses of complex natural products involving allene cycloaddition reactions reported over the past decade (2014—2024). Among the nearly 20 total syntheses reviewed, the [2+1], [2+2], [3+2], [4+2], [4+3], [5+1] and [2+2+1] cycloaddition reactions of allenes are the most important transformations to construct the key skeleton. This is because of their ability to form multiple bonds in a single step with high atom economy, stereoselectivity, and regioselectivity, often under mild conditions. The strategic application of these reactions in forming key carbon–carbon bonds and controlling stereochemistry makes them practical for the efficient assembly of complex molecular frameworks. With the ongoing exploration of methods for allene generation, particularly the enantioselective approaches, and the continued discovery of novel cyclization reactions of allenes, allene chemistry will maintain its crucial and indispensable role in the total synthesis of natural products.
Key Scientists
Nickel‐Cobalt Bimetallic Strategy Enables Regioselective C8–H Alkylation of Polyaromatics with Inert Alkyl Chlorides
Authors: Song Wanbin , Shi Ximeng , Li Wen , Yao Shuang , Mao Yujian , Zhang Yinan 
Published: February 2025

Comprehensive SummaryA regioselective C8−H alkylation of polyaromatics exampled with inert alkyl chloride is reported. The reaction proceeds via the synergistic participation of inexpensive transition metals nickel and cobalt. This approach enables the coupling of various substituted polyaromatic rings with a broad range of primary and secondary alkyl chlorides. Further synthetic applications provide a series of simple conversions to useful building blocks, suggesting its potency in the late‐stage functionalization of complex molecules. Mechanistic investigation illustrates that the reaction goes through a radical process with an unusual Ni(II)→Ni(III)→Ni(I) cycle being responsible for the rate‐determining C−H insertion of alkyl radicals, which are generated by the homolysis of chloroalkane with 2‐electrons oxidative addition of Co(I).
Dynamic Multi‐Objective Workflow Scheduling Model in Cloud Environment Based on Adaptive Mutation Strategy
Authors: Ye Tao , Cui Zhihua 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTIn the cloud computing environment, workflow scheduling presents a significant challenge due to the unpredictable and dynamic nature of user demands and cloud resources. To address the complexities of workflow scheduling, this paper introduces a dynamic multi‐objective workflow scheduling model that comprehensively considers task completion time, load balancing, as well as dynamic changes in power consumption and cost in real‐world scenarios. To effectively solve this model and better adapt to dynamic multi‐objective optimization problems, we propose a dynamic reference vector guided evolutionary algorithm (DRVEA). The proposed algorithm incorporates an adaptive random mutation strategy, which dynamically adjusts the evolutionary process based on changing optimization goals, thereby enhancing convergence and solution diversity. Experimental results, obtained from both workflow scheduling simulations and standard multi‐objective test environments, demonstrate that the proposed algorithm outperforms existing methods, achieving superior results in both solution quality and adaptability.
Convolutional Neural Networks for Imbalanced Advanced Security Network Metrics and Non‐Payload‐Based Obfuscations Dataset to Detect Intrusion
Authors: Matin Neda , Lighvan Mina Zolfy , Farzi‐Veijouyeh Najibeh 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTNetwork Intrusion Detection Systems (NIDSs) are essential for identifying and preventing cyber threats in modern networks. However, improving their adaptability and responsiveness to unforeseen threats remains a significant challenge. Among the various datasets available for NIDS, the ASNM dataset holds particular significance due to its rich diversity of network traffic traces, including detailed labels for legitimate traffic, direct attacks, and obfuscated network attacks. Despite its potential, the ASNM dataset has been relatively underexplored in existing research, presenting an opportunity for further investigation and application in the development and benchmarking of advanced NIDS models. In this paper, we introduce a convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture designed for network intrusion detection, which autonomously learns patterns and anomalies directly from raw network data. Unlike traditional methods that rely on handcrafted features or predefined signatures, the proposed CNN dynamically adapts to detect both known and obfuscated attacks. The quality and balance of the dataset used to train NIDSs are critical, as imbalanced data can skew detection results and significantly impact overall system performance. To address this, we introduce an innovative preprocessing technique to mitigate class imbalances, ensuring more accurate classification across all categories, including under‐represented attack types. The proposed CNN architecture was rigorously tested against decision trees, neural networks, and k‐nearest neighbor classifiers, demonstrating superior performance. The model achieved a True Positive Rate (TPR) of 99.43% and an average recall of 99.26% on a balanced dataset, significantly outperforming traditional models. Furthermore, the preprocessing method improved the TPR by 62% and 83% on datasets with and without obfuscated samples, respectively, highlighting its effectiveness in addressing dataset imbalances and improving detection accuracy. In conclusion, the combination of the ASNM dataset's comprehensive attack scenarios and the dynamic feature‐learning capabilities of the proposed CNN represents a significant advancement in intrusion detection technology.
Cascade Ownership Verification Framework Based on Invisible Watermark for Model Copyright Protection
Authors: Wang Ruoxi , Zhu Yujia , Daoxun Xia 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTSuccessfully training a model requires substantial computational power, excellent model design, and high training costs, which implies that a well‐trained model holds significant commercial value. Protecting a trained Deep Neural Network (DNN) model from Intellectual Property (IP) infringement has become a matter of intense concern recently. Particularly, embedding and verifying watermarks in black‐box models without accessing internal model parameters, while ensuring the robustness and invisibility of the watermark, remains a challenging issue. Unlike many existing methods, we propose a cascade ownership verification framework based on invisible watermarks, with a focus on how to effectively protect the copyright of black‐box watermark models and detect unauthorized users' infringement behaviors. This framework consists of two parts: watermark generation and copyright verification. In the watermark generation phase, watermarked samples are generated from key samples and label images. The difference between watermarked samples and key samples is imperceptible, while a specific identifier has been injected into the watermarked samples, leaving a backdoor as an entry point for copyright verification. The copyright verification phase employs hypothesis testing to enhance the confidence level of verification. In image classification tasks based on MNIST, CIFAR‐10, and CIFAR‐100 datasets, experiments were conducted on several popular deep learning models. The experimental results show that this framework offers high security and effectiveness in protecting model copyrights and demonstrates strong robustness against pruning and fine‐tuning attacks.
Digital Three‐Port Resonant Converter Applied to Microphotovoltaic Power Generation Systems
Authors: Tang Sheng‐Yi , Chang Yong‐Nong , Liao Ding‐Sheng 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTIn this study, a digital triple‐port resonant converter (DTRC) is proposed for the voltage regulation of a system comprising a microphotovoltaic power generation system (MPVPGS), a lithium‐ion battery pack, and a DC bus. To enhance power generation, the maximum power point tracking perturb and observe (MPPT‐P&O) was applied. The circuit comprised a dual active bridge converter, a CLLLC resonant tank, a dual boost converter, and isolated and nonisolated 3P2Z controllers. For battery pack charging by the MPVPGS, symmetrical pulse‐width modulation (PWM) and synchronous switching were used to increase the output voltage and reduce current stress on the switches. For power supply to the DC bus, asymmetrical PWM and interleaved switching were used to achieve zero‐voltage and zero‐current switching, reducing input current ripple; this solution is a simpler method of output voltage control than conventional variable frequency control (VFC) by resonant converters. For battery discharging to the DC bus, VFC was used to adjust the output voltage, and zero‐voltage and zero‐current switching was achieved. This paper presents the operating principles, characteristics, design considerations, and control strategies of the 3P2Z controllers for DTRC. Moreover, a 2‐kW prototype circuit was constructed, and the operating characteristics were confirmed in the battery charging, battery discharging, and DC power supply scenarios.