bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proteome modifications of the medicinal leech nervous system under bacterial challenge
Authors: Vergote David , Macagno Eduardo R. , Salzet Michel , Sautière Pierre‐Eric 
Published: August 2006

AbstractOnce considered as lacking intrinsic immune mechanisms, the CNS of vertebrates is now known to be capable of mounting its own innate immune response. Interestingly, while invertebrates have been very useful in the interpretation of general vertebrate innate immunity mechanisms, only scarce data are available on the immune response of nervous tissue within this group. This study provides new data on the innate immune response of medicinal leech Hirudo medicinalis CNS. We identified several spots in 2‐D gels of leech CNS proteins that showed specific changes following bacterial challenge, thus demonstrating the ability of the leech nervous system to mount a response to an immune stress. Protein identifications were based on comparison of sequence data with publicly available databases and a recently established leech ESTs database. The broad nature of the identified proteins suggests a clear involvement of cytoskeletal rearrangements, endoplasmic reticulum stress, modulation of synaptic activity and calcium mobilization, all during the first 24 hours of this response. Moreover, several of these proteins are specifically expressed in glial cells, suggesting an important role for glial cells in the immune response of the leech nervous system, similar to what has been observed in vertebrates.
Toward a comprehensive quantitative proteome database: protein expression map of lymphoid neoplasms by 2‐D DIGE and MS
Authors: Fujii Kazuyasu , Kondo Tadashi , Yamada Masayo , Iwatsuki Keiji , Hirohashi Setsuo 
Published: August 2006

AbstractUsing 2‐D DIGE, we constructed a quantitative 2‐D database including 309 proteins corresponding to 389 protein spots across 42 lymphoid neoplasm cell lines. The proteins separated by 2‐D PAGE were identified by MS and assigned to the expression data obtained by 2‐D DIGE. The cell lines were categorized into four groups: those from Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) (4 cell lines), B cell malignancies (19 cell lines), T cell malignancies (16 cell lines), and natural killer (NK) cell malignancies (3 cell lines). We characterized the proteins in the database by classifying them according to their expression level. We found 28 proteins with more than a 2‐fold difference between the cell line groups. We also noted the proteins that allowed multidimensional separation to be achieved (1) between HL cells and other cells, (2) between the cells derived from B cells, T cells and NK cells, and (3) between HL cells and anaplastic large cell lymphoma cells. Decision tree classification identified five proteins that could be used to classify the 42 cell lines according to differentiation. These results suggest that the quantitative 2‐D database using 2‐D DIGE will be a useful resource for studying the mechanisms underlying the differentiation phenotypes of lymphoid neoplasms.
The discovery of labile methyl esters on proliferating cell nuclear antigen by MS/MS
Authors: Hoelz Derek J. , Arnold Randy J. , Dobrolecki Lacey E. , Abdel‐Aziz Waleed , Loehrer Andrew P. , Novotny Milos V. , Schnaper Lauren , Hickey Robert J. , Malkas Linda H. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe post‐translational modification of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) has been implicated in modulating its function for over 20 years. With multiple interacting partners, PCNA is involved in processes ranging from DNA replication and repair to cell cycle control and apoptosis. The ability of PCNA to distinguish between specific binding partners in different tasks is currently of intense interest, and several post‐translational modifications have been reported to modulate its function. Unfortunately, these reports have produced contradictory information on the type(s) of modification present on the molecule. Here we report a detailed structural analysis of a single acidic PCNA isoform, cancer‐specific polyferating nuclear anitgen (csPCNA), isolated from breast cancer cells by 2D‐PAGE and LC‐MS/MS. With this approach we fully characterized the csPCNA isoform and confidently identified a single post‐translational modification, methyl esterification. Interestingly, the methyl esters consistently localized to 15 specific glutamic and aspartic acid residues of csPCNA. The methyl esterification of csPCNA represents a novel type of post‐translational modification in mammalian cells that could ultimately hold the key towards unlocking its diverse functions.
Effects of Global System for Mobile Communications 1800 MHz radiofrequency electromagnetic fields on gene and protein expression in MCF‐7 cells
Authors: Zeng Qunli , Chen Guangdi , Weng Yu , Wang Lingli , Chiang Huai , Lu Deqiang , Xu Zhengping 
Published: August 2006

AbstractDespite many studies over a decade, it still remains ambiguous as to the real biological effects induced by radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF EMF) utilized in mobile telephony. Here we investigated global gene and protein responses to RF EMF simulating the Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) 1800 MHz signal in human breast cancer cell line MCF‐7 using genomic and proteomic approaches. GeneChip analysis identified a handful of consistent changed genes after exposure to RF EMF at specific absorption rates (SAR) of up to 3.5 W/kg for 24 h. However, these differentially transcribed genes could not be further confirmed by real‐time RT‐PCR assay. Meanwhile, systematic proteome analysis of the MCF‐7 cells revealed that a few but different proteins were differentially expressed under continuous or intermittent RF EMF exposure at SAR of 3.5 W/kg for 24 h or less, implying that the observed effects might have occurred by chance. Overall, the present study does not provide convincing evidence that RF EMF exposure under current experimental conditions can produce distinct effects on gene and protein expression in the MCF‐7 cells.
Questions and answers concerning applicability of proteomics and transcriptomics in EMF research
Authors: Leszczynski Dariusz , Meltz Martin L. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe applicability of high‐throughput screening techniques of transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics in the search for biological and health effects of electromagnetic fields is a hotly debated issue. On the one hand, use of these modern screening technologies speeds up the discovery process and gives broader insight into biochemical events that follow the exposure to electromagnetic fields. On the other hand these modern screening technologies have the problem of reproducibility and variability between experiments and are prone to produce false positive results. These and other issues concerning the applicability of modern screening technologies were the topic of a workshop held at STUK in 2005 (30 October to 1 November) in Helsinki, Finland, and this Report summarizes the discussions at this workshop.
Oxidation of 2,3‐butanediol by alkaline hexacyanoferrate(III) using Ru(III) or Ru(VI) as catalyst
Authors: Poblete F. J. , Mucientes A. E. , Villarreal S. , Santiago F. , Cabañas B. , Gabaldón R. E. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe reactions of 2,3‐butanediol by hexacyanoferrate(III) in alkaline medium using ruthenium compounds as catalysts have been studied spectrophotometrically. The effect on the reaction rate of concentration of substrate, oxidant, catalyst and basicity of the medium leads to similar experimental rate equations for both catalysts, Ru(III) and Ru(VI). The reaction mechanism involves the formation of a catalyst–substrate complex that yields a carbocation for Ru(VI) or a radical for Ru(III) oxidation. Hexacyanoferrate(III)'s role is the catalyst regeneration. The rate constants of complex decomposition and catalyst regeneration have been determined. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thermodynamic stabilities of Cu+ and Li+ complexes of dimethoxyalkanes (MeO(CH2)nOMe, n = 2–9) in the gas phase: conformational requirements for binding interactions between metal ions and ligands
Authors: Mishima Masaaki , Maeda Hideyuki , Than Soe , Irie Maki , Kikukawa Kiyoshi 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe relative free energy changes for the reaction ML+ = M+ + L (M = Cu+ and Li+) were determined in the gas phase for a series of dimethoxyalkanes (MeO(CH2)nOMe, n = 2–9) by measuring the equilibrium constants of ligand‐transfer reactions using a FT‐ICR mass spectrometry. Stable 1:1 Cu+‐complexes (CuL+) were observed when the chain is longer than n = 4 while the 1:2 complexes (CuL) were formed for smaller compounds as stable ions. The dissociation free energy for CuL+ significantly increases with increasing chain length, by 10 kcal mol−1 from n = 4 to 9. This increase is attributed to the release of constrain involved in the cyclic conformation of the Cu+‐complexes. This is consistent with the geometrical and energetic features of the complexes obtained by the DFT calculations at B3LYP/6‐311G level of theory. On the contrary, the corresponding dissociation free energy for LiL+ increases only 3 kcal mol−1 from n = 2 to 9, although the structures of the 1:1 Li+‐complexes are also considered to be cyclic. From these results it is concluded that the Cu[MeO(CH2)nOMe]+ requires linear alignment for OCuO, indicating the importance of sdσ hybridization of Cu+ in the first two ligands binding energy, while the stability of the Li+ complex is less sensitive to binding geometries except for the system forming a small ring such as n = 1 and 2. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and characterization of novel fully aliphatic polyimidosiloxanes based on alicyclic or adamantyl diamines
Authors: Mathews Anu Stella , Kim Il , Ha Chang‐Sik 
Published: August 2006

AbstractA series of fully aliphatic polyimidosiloxanes (APISiO) were prepared by poly(addition/condensation) reaction of bicyclo [2,2,2] oct‐7‐ene‐2,3,5,6‐tetracarboxylic dianhydride or cyclobutane‐1,2,3,4‐tetracarboxylic dianhydride and varying compositions of 1,3‐bis (3‐amino propyl)‐tetra methyl disiloxane and rigid adamantyl diamines (1,3‐diaminoadamantane or 3,3′‐diamino‐1,1′‐diadamantane) or flexible alicyclic diamines (4,4′‐methylene bis(cyclohexylamine) or 4,4′‐methylene bis(2‐methylcyclohexylamine)). High temperature one‐step synthesis in m‐cresol was employed to obtain APISiOs with intrinsic viscosity in the range of 0.28–0.59 dL/g. The final materials were characterized by 1H and 13C NMR, 29Si‐MAS‐NMR and IR spectroscopic analysis, thermogravimetric and differential scanning calorimetric analysis, and wide angle X‐ray diffractometry. UV–visible spectra revealed the optical behavior of the polyimides. It was found that the APISiOs containing appropriate ratio of adamantyl moieties together with flexible aliphatic siloxane groups exhibit good thermal and mechanical stabilities, solubility, fair transparency, and low dielectric constant (2.4–2.7). © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 5254–5270, 2006
Photoinitiated polymerization in bicontinuous microemulsions: Fluorescence monitoring
Authors: Peinado C. , Bosch P. , Martín V. , Corrales T. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe photopolymerization of bicontinuous microemulsions was simultaneously monitored with differential scanning calorimetry and fluorescence. The kinetics and mechanism of the reaction were studied throughout the entire photopolymerization reaction. The role played by the surfactant in the kinetics and morphology was studied. The nature of the surfactant changed the autoacceleration process and final conversion. The behavior was explained as a result of the differences in the interfacial properties. Anionic cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) gave rise to a more flexible interfacial film than anionic sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), resulting in competition between the intramolecular and intermolecular reactions in the former systems. As cyclization did not contribute to the increase in the degree of crosslinking, SDS photopolymerization gave solids with a more rigid microstructure. Fluorescence methodology was applied to monitor bicontinuous microemulsion polymerization and to reveal the microstructure and morphology development during photopolymerization. The microemulsion composition was designed to prepare nanoporous, crosslinked materials. Even though the nanostructure of the precursor microemulsions was not retained because of phase separation during polymerization, mesoporous solids were obtained. Their morphologies depended on the nature of the surfactant, and membranes with open cells were successfully prepared with CTAB, whereas more complex morphologies resulted with SDS. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 5291–5303, 2006
Synthesis and properties of new photosensitive triazene polyacrylates
Authors: Buruiana Emil C. , Buruiana Tinca , Lenuta Hahui , Lippert Thomas , Urech Lukas , Wokaun A. 
Published: August 2006

Abstract1‐(Phenyl)‐3‐(2‐acryloyloxyethyl)‐3‐methyl triazene‐1 (M1) and 1‐(p‐nitrophenyl)‐3‐(2‐acryloyloxyethyl)‐3‐methyl triazene‐1 (M2) were synthesized to study the substituent effect of the triazene unit on the copolymerization with methyl methacrylate (MMA). From the 1H NMR spectra of the resulting copolymers, their compositions were determined to be 1:3.18 M1/MMA and 1:2.45 M2/MMA, respectively. The polymers were examined with respect to their structure, thermal properties, and surface morphology. The influence of the triazene structure on the photosensitive properties of the copolymers exposed to ultraviolet/laser irradiation was also investigated and compared with that of the parent derivatives. The copolymer containing the phenyl triazene chromophore as the photochemically most active group exhibited a low threshold of ablation and a high etching rate for fluences under 400 mJ cm−2. Scanning electron microscopy images confirm the formation of ablated craters more clearly in the copolymer made with M1, for which the thermal effects of the ablation mechanism were visible only with 2500× magnification. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 5271–5282, 2006
Recent advances in the modeling and simulation of metallocene catalysis, sequence distribution, chain conformations, and crystallization of polymers
Authors: Madkour Tarek M. , Azzam Rasha A. , Mark James E. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThis article is a review describing the latest advances in modeling and simulation of polymers. Sequence distributions in stereoblock polymers and copolymers greatly affect their chain conformations and thermal transitions. While no theory was able to fully predict the influence of chain conformations on polymer crystallization, modeling techniques have shown good reliance in simulating the conformational behavior of polymeric chains and the related physical properties. This is done by generating representative sequences, and studying the chain conformation and packing of such sequences into crystalline regions in multichain systems. Metallocene catalysts, a class of single site catalysts, also showed unprecedented performance in the polymerization of olefins, most notably their activity, copolymerization capabilities, and potential for precise control of stereostructures. These attributes are among the most important issues in the manufacture of polyolefins and olefin copolymers, and are too good to be ignored. These polymers consist of alternating atactic sequences, which are amorphous and act as elastomeric chains, and ordered isotactic or syndiotactic sequences which, if long enough, will crystallize and act as physical reinforcing crosslinks. Mesoscopic investigation utilizing computer modeling and simulation into the effects of the sequence length and sequence length distribution on the reinforcement of stereoblock and stereoregular polyolefins has also been reviewed. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 44: 2524–2541, 2006
Stress, self‐efficacy and quality of life in cancer patients
Authors: Kreitler Shulamith , Peleg Dina , Ehrenfeld Mally 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe purpose of the study was to examine the effect of different stressors on various domains of quality of life (QOL) in cancer patients. The study focused on testing a model describing interrelations between two kinds of stress antecedents, two mediating variables—perceived stress and self‐efficacy—and QOL. The participants were 60 cancer patients of both genders and various diagnoses. They were administered questionnaires of background information, QOL, perceived stress and general self‐efficacy. Two stress indices were defined empirically: health stress (based on advanced disease stage, long disease duration, and undergoing treatment) and social stress (based on unemployment, recent immigration, and older age). Confirmatory factor analysis enabled defining five factors of QOL. Hierarchical regression analyses showed that the index of social stress was related to more QOL scales than the index of health stress and very few interactions with the mediating variables. Structural equation modeling provided a more comprehensive and accurate view. It showed that the index of health stress affected QOL mainly through perceived stress, and that self‐efficacy affected QOL by reducing perceived stress and increasing QOL. The major conclusions are that QOL is affected negatively by both health stresses and social stresses, but the former are mediated primarily by the experience of perceived stress. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Variation in pesticide hazard from vegetable production in Great Britain from 1991 to 2003
Authors: Cross Paul , Edwards‐Jones Gareth 
Published: August 2006

AbstractPesticides pose a difficult problem for policy makers as society generally seeks to reduce any adverse impacts of their use, while industry claims they are important contributors to economic success. Attempts to direct policy according to scientific findings are hampered by the multidimensionality of the potential impacts of pesticides which may affect consumers, operators, wildlife and the environment. Pesticide risk indices seek to reduce these multidimensional impacts into a single dimension and have been increasingly used to understand variation in the hazard posed by pesticides at both field and regional level. This study uses one such risk index, the environmental impact quotient (EIQ), to estimate the hazard posed by pesticide usage from 1991 to 2003 on several vegetable crops grown in the UK. Results are reported for the EIQ and for the environmental impact (EI) for brassicas, peas, beans, onions, leeks, lettuce and endives. The EIQ is a dimensionless estimate of the toxicity of a product, while the EI, which combines the EIQ with data on actual usage, estimates the overall hazard of the use of a product. The exact trends in EIQ and EI varied with crop over the period 1991–2003, but overall the EIQ decreased by 19% and the EI decreased by 34%. However, the mean EI per hectare decreased by only 3%. This suggests that some of the observed reduction in EI at the national level may be related more to decrease in crop area than changes in pesticide use and management. If these observed losses in crop area are being replaced by vegetable imports from overseas, then this raises the possibility that the UK is effectively exporting any problems related to pesticide use. The ethics of this remain unclear. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
Contribution of fetal magnetic resonance imaging and amniotic fluid digestive enzyme assays to the evaluation of gastrointestinal tract abnormalities
Authors: Garel C. , Dreux S. , Philippe‐Chomette P. , Vuillard E. , Oury J.‐F. , Muller F. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractObjectiveTo analyze the contribution of fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and amniotic fluid digestive enzyme (AFDE) assays to the evaluation of gastrointestinal tract abnormalities.MethodsThis was a prospective study involving 24 fetuses suspected of having gastrointestinal tract abnormalities on ultrasound examination. MRI was used to analyze the location of the obstruction, the visibility of the small bowel not involved in the obstruction, and the visibility and size of the colon and rectum. Abnormalities were further evaluated by AFDE assays. The final diagnosis was based on postnatal or fetopathological examination.ResultsIn duodenojejunal obstructions, MRI (6/6) and AFDE assays (4/4) correctly identified the level of obstruction, but were less accurate for small bowel obstructions (MRI, 10/11; AFDE assays, 7/11). The small bowel not involved in the obstruction was correctly evaluated by MRI as being viable in six cases and as abnormal in eight cases (multiple obstructions or necrosis). However, it was thought antenatally to be abnormal by MRI in four cases in which it was found to be normal on postnatal findings. Three cases in which the colon was found to have abnormal echogenicity were considered normal both by MRI and AFDE assay, in agreement with postnatal findings. Two cases of microcolon‐megacystis‐intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome (MMIHS) were diagnosed both by MRI and AFDE assay. Of the three anorectal malformations, two were overlooked by ultrasonography and one by MRI. MRI also overlooked 2/3 associated rectourethral fistulas.ConclusionMRI and enzyme analysis are good complementary tools to ultrasonography for identifying the level of gastrointestinal obstruction and diagnosing MMIHS. MRI can assess the normality of the intestinal tract not involved in the obstruction, but not multiple obstructions, necrosis and small urodigestive fistulas. Copyright © 2006 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rendering in fetal cardiac scanning: the intracardiac septa and the coronal atrioventricular valve planes
Authors: Yagel S. , Benachi A. , Bonnet D. , Dumez Y. , Hochner‐Celnikier D. , Cohen S. M. , Valsky D. V. , Fermont L. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractObjectiveIn this study we aimed to apply spatio‐temporal image correlation (STIC) rendering to visualize the virtual planes of the interventricular and interatrial septa (IVS, IAS) as well as the atrioventricular (AV) annuli plane just distal to the semilunar valves (coronal atrioventricular (CAV) plane) in normal and pathological fetal hearts, to ascertain whether these planes add to fetal cardiac examination.MethodsUnselected gravidae presenting for anatomy scan or patients referred for fetal echocardiography in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy with suspected or diagnosed cardiac malformation were scanned using the five planes technique with the STIC modality to obtain cardiac volume sets for each patient. Rendering capabilities were employed to obtain the ‘virtual planes’ to evaluate the IVS, IAS, AV annuli, and size and alignment of the great vessels.ResultsA total of 136 normal scans were performed to establish a learning curve for STIC acquisition and post‐processing rendering and analysis. An additional 35 cases with cardiac anomalies were accrued. In 131/136 (96.3%) normal scans the IAS and IVS were visualized successfully, while in 127/136 (93.4%) normal fetuses the CAV plane was successfully visualized. In 13 anomalous cases the IVS plane improved ventricular septal defect (VSD) evaluation, and in four the IAS plane contributed to foramen ovale evaluation. The modality improved visualization of the septa and the assessment of the defects, as well as the foramen ovale flap and pattern of movement of the foramen ovale. In five cases the CAV plane improved evaluation of the alignment of the major vessels in relation to the AV annuli, and in three the evaluation of the semilunar valves, with or without malalignment of the great vessels.ConclusionsRendering STIC technology allows the visualization of virtual planes (IAS, IVS, AV annuli–CAV plane), which can clarify our understanding of anatomical defects and may improve communication with the management team and family. Copyright © 2006 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.