bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Monoamniotic twin pregnancy: a review of contemporary practice
Authors: DICKINSON Jan E. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractMonoamniotic twins represent an uncommon manifestation of the monozygotic twinning process (1% of monozygotic twins). They are the result of ovum division beyond 8 days postconception and are characterised by a single amnion and a single yolk sac. There may be two or one (conjoined twins) embryos present. This form of twinning is notable for an increase in perinatal loss (10–15% in contemporary series of prenatally recognised cases). Congenital anomalies, umbilical cord entanglement/accidents, preterm birth and intrauterine growth restriction primarily account for this increased perinatal mortality rate. Diagnosis is most typically by ultrasound, with the inability to distinguish a dividing membrane between the fetuses the most typical feature. There are diagnostic pitfalls (oligohydramnios in one twin with closely adherent membrane) and accuracy in diagnosis is central to appropriate pregnancy management. Obstetric management protocols are based on several retrospective case series, and there is a paucity of large well‐controlled studies to provide guidance in the management of monoamniotic twin pregnancies. The prevention of antepartum death from umbilical cord entanglement is one of the central management issues; however, the available techniques of antepartum surveillance have a variable performance in predicting this event.
Comparison of three single doses of mifepristone as emergency contraception: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: JIN Jie , WEISBERG Edith , FRASER Ian S. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractBackground:  This is an analysis of the Australian component of a large World Health Organization multicentre dose‐finding study of mifepristone for emergency contraception and the first clinical study of this controversial drug in Australia.Aims:  To compare the effectiveness and side‐effects of three single doses of mifepristone taken within 120 h after unprotected coitus as emergency contraception.Design:  Double‐blind, randomised controlled trial.Subjects and methods:  One hundred fifty healthy women with regular menstrual cycles who requested emergency contraception. Participants were allocated randomly to one of the three doses (10, 50 and 600 mg). The primary outcome was confirmed pregnancy, and secondary outcome measures included side‐effects and delay in the onset of the next menses.Results:  Pregnancy rates for mifepristone 10, 50 and 600 mg were 2.0, 2.1 and 2.1%, respectively, with no significant difference between groups. No major side‐effects occurred, except an unpredictable delay in the onset of the next menses. Mifepristone 600 mg caused a significantly longer delay in the onset of the next menses than either the 10 or the 50 mg dose.Conclusion:  Lowering the dose of mifepristone from 600 to 10 mg did not significantly impair its effectiveness as an emergency contraceptive, and caused less delay in the onset of the next menses. Therefore, a dose as low as 10 mg may be preferable to 600 mg for emergency contraception. This is very much lower than the dose required to terminate a pregnancy.
Which bowel symptoms are most strongly associated with a s rectocele?
Authors: DIETZ Hans Peter , KORDA Andrew 
Published: December 2005

AbstractBackground:  Posterior vaginal wall prolapse is common in parous women and may be due to rectocele, enterocele or perineal hypermobility. Translabial ultrasound can be used to detect defects of the rectovaginal septum, that is, a ‘true rectocele’, potentially avoiding the need for defecation proctography. However, it is currently unknown whether specific sonographic appearances are associated with bowel symptoms.Aims:  To correlate symptoms of bowel dysfunction and sonographic findings.Methods:  In a prospective observational study, 505 women were seen during attendance at tertiary urogynaecological clinics and underwent a standardised interview, which included a set of questions regarding bowel function. They were assessed clinically and by translabial ultrasound, supine and after voiding. The presence of a rectocele was determined on maximal Valsalva.Results:  Clinically, 314 women (64%) were found to have a rectocele. There were associations between clinical staging and ampullary descent on ultrasound (P < 0.001), the presence of a true rectocele (P < 0.001) and the depth of a defect (P < 0.001). Defects of the rectovaginal septum (‘true rectocele’) were identified in 54%. They were associated with symptoms of incomplete bowel emptying (P < 0.001) and digitation (P = 0.002), and less so with dyschezia (P = 0.01), faecal incontinence (P = 0.02) and chronic constipation (P = 0.04).Conclusions:  True rectoceles are found in more than half of women presenting with pelvic floor disorders. This finding correlates strongly with clinical prolapse grading – large clinical rectoceles are more likely to be caused by a fascial defect. Incomplete bowel emptying and digitation are significantly associated with such defects detected on ultrasound.
Shared maternity care: all care – not enough responsibility? An audit of patient care communications pre‐ and post‐ a multi‐faceted intervention
Authors: NICOLSON Susan , PIROTTA Marie , CHONDROS Patty 
Published: December 2005

AbstractBackground:  Shared maternity care is an important model of care in Australia and overseas, but Victorian studies have shown patient dissatisfaction and widespread communication problems.Aims:  This study aimed to implement and evaluate initiatives to improve communication between three maternity hospitals and general practitioners involved in shared maternity care in Melbourne.Methods:  A pre‐ and post‐design with audit of 150 hospital records at each of three hospitals plus audit of 20 general practitioner files for evidence of key communications on shared care patients, before and after a multifaceted intervention.Results:  Significant improvements at individual hospitals were seen if one person was made responsible for a communication outcome. Other initiatives did not lead to improvements if they did not include individual accountability.Conclusion:  The standard of integration of shared maternity care is unacceptable low. Improvements to communication are achievable but depend on the allocation of individual time and responsibility, plus a commitment by hospitals to ongoing audit of their performance.
Vaginal douching practice in Turkish women: who is douching, and why?
Authors: KARAER Abdullah , AVSAR Ayşe Filiz , ÖZKAN Övgü , BAYIR Betül , SAYAN Kürşat 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe aim of this study was to describe vaginal douching practices among women of reproductive age in Turkey, and to examine the association between this practice and adverse reproductive health consequences. Of the 524 participants, 58% reported vaginal douching at some time in their lives. The practice is primarily used for hygienic reasons and a majority used water alone and homemade solution. Using a multivariate model, only age (P = 0.05) and intrauterine device usage (P = 0.02) were associated with vaginal douching.
Considerations for delivery in pregnancies complicated by maternal hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy
Authors: MATTHEWS Tom , DICKINSON Jan E. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractWe present the management of a pregnancy complicated by maternal hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM), an uncommon but significant cardiac lesion. While it is accepted practice to manage such cases in a tertiary setting with multidisciplinary involvement, we reflect that the ultimate management of the birth should centre on obstetric principles. A discussion and literature review of HOCM, pregnancy and anaesthetic management is provided.
Transient respiratory disturbance by granulocyte–colony‐stimulating factor administration in healthy donors of allogeneic peripheral blood progenitor cell transplantation
Authors: Yoshida Isao , Matsuo Keitaro , Teshima Takanori , Hashimoto Daigo , Tanimoto Yasushi , Harada Mine , Tanimoto Mitsune 
Published: December 2005

BACKGROUND:  Allogeneic peripheral blood progenitor cell (PBPC) transplantation requires granulocyte–colony‐stimulating factor (G‐CSF) administration to mobilize PBPCs in healthy donors. The effects of G‐CSF on pulmonary functions, however, have not been clearly elucidated in PBPC donors.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS:  Respiratory status by measurements of arterial blood gas was prospectively evaluated serially in 25 healthy donors (9 men, 16 women; age, 18‐61 years) administered a dose of 10 µg per kg for 5 days.RESULTS:  White blood cell (WBC) counts increased in all the subjects after G‐CSF administration; means on Days 0, 3, and 5 were 6 × 109, 33.4 × 109, and 33.6 × 109 per L, respectively. The mean PaO2 values on the respective days were 93.1, 85.8, and 81.8 mmHg, and these changes were significant (p < 0.0001), remaining significant after adjustment for the WBC count. Levels of both PaCO2 and AaDO2 were significantly higher after G‐CSF administration than those before G‐CSF administration (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.0004, respectively). SaO2 was significantly decreased after G‐CSF administration (p = 0.0002). Age was identified as a significant predictive factor for the increase of AaDO2 and PaO2 decline. These observations clearly indicate that the gas exchange was significantly affected during G‐CSF administration in healthy PBPC donors.CONCLUSION:  Considering an increasing use of PBPC mobilization by G‐CSF, careful monitoring of the respiratory status is important to ensure safety of PBPC donors, especially elderly donors.
Thiazole orange, a DNA‐binding photosensitizer with flexible structure, can inactivate pathogens in red blood cell suspensions while maintaining red cell storage properties
Authors: Skripchenko Andrey , Wagner Stephen J. , Thompson‐Montgomery Dedeene , Awatefe Helen 
Published: December 2005

BACKGROUND:  Development of a robust pathogen reduction system for red cells (RBCs) utilizing photosensitive dyes has been constrained by hemolysis, usually mediated by reactive oxygen species emanating from dye free in solution as well as dye bound to the RBC membrane. The RBC binding properties of thiazole orange (TO), a flexible nucleic acid intercalating cyanine dye that predominantly acts as a photosensitizer only when bound, were assessed along with its virucidal, bactericidal, and light‐induced hemolytic activities.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS:  Leukodepleted 20% hematocrit RBCs suspended in Erythrosol (RAS‐2) were oxygenated, inoculated with test organisms, incubated with TO, and illuminated. Control and treated samples were analyzed by appropriate assay. Identically prepared, but uncontaminated samples were phototreated, concentrated to 45% hematocrit, and assayed for potassium leakage, hemolysis, and ATP during storage.RESULTS:  Approximately 21 percent TO bound to RBCs. Phototreatment inactivated from 5.4 to 7.1 log10 of 5 tested viruses and from 2.3 to greater than 7.0 log10 of 8 tested bacteria. Phototreated RBCs exhibited only slightly increased hemolysis, moderately elevated potassium efflux, and similar levels of ATP compared to controls.CONCLUSION:  TO can photoinactivate several model viruses and pathogens in RBCs under conditions that produce limited hemolysis without the addition of quenchers or competitive inhibitors.
Penetrating keratoplasty combined with posterior Artisan®iris‐fixated intraocular lens implantation
Authors: Dighiero Paul , Guigou Sébastien , Mercie Martial , Briat Benoit , Ellies Pierre , Gicquel Jean‐Jacques 
Published: December 2005

Abstract.Purpose: To present a new surgical technique combining penetrating keratoplasty and open‐sky posterior iris fixation of the Artisan®iris‐claw intraocular lens (IOL) for treatment of pseudophakic bullous keratopathy in a case series of five patients.Methods: A graft diameter of 8.25 mm was chosen. The formerly implanted angle‐supported IOL was removed. The IOL was enclosed, entrapping a fraction of the mid‐peripheral iris within the haptics whilst being held firmly with the implantation forceps. The corneal button was sutured to the recipient bed with 10–0 nylon sutures. A specular microscope was used for making an endothelial cell count. Patients underwent an ultrasound biomicroscope (UBM) scan before and 6 months after surgery and postoperative macular oedema was assessed by optical coherence tomography (OCT). The minimum follow‐up was 12 months.Results: Visual acuity (VA) improved in all five cases (mean best corrected VA was 0.4 postoperatively versus 1.28 preoperatively). No complications were noted. The mean endothelial cell density obtained after 1 year was 1508 cells/mm2. The UBM study showed a deep anterior chamber and an open iridocorneal angle of 360 degrees in all cases.Conclusion: The implantation of the Artisan device behind the iris better preserves the anatomy of the anterior segment with respect to the iridocorneal angle.
Projects Funded by the Division of Botany (NSFC) in 2005: Retrospect and Prospect
Authors: WEN Ming‐Zhang , CHEN Yue , WANG Qin‐Li , DU Sheng‐Ming 
Published: December 2005

Abstract: The present paper briefly introduces information about proposals received and funded, statistics and analysis of evaluation of peer review, and supporting strategies and reforms in program reviewing and administration in the Division of Botany at the Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) in 2005. A list of general programs and the abstract of key programs funded by this Division in 2005 are also provided.(Managing editor: Wei WANG)
Sequence Divergence of Microsatellites and Phylogeny Analysis in Tetraploid Cotton Species and Their Putative Diploid Ancestors
Authors: GUO Wang‐Zhen , FANG Dong , YU Wen‐Duo , ZHANG Tian‐Zhen 
Published: December 2005

Abstract: To determine the level of microsatellite sequence differences and to use the information to construct a phylogenetic relationship for cultivated tetraploid cotton (Gossypium spp.) species and their putative diploid ancestors, 10 genome‐derived microsatellite primer pairs were used to amplify eight species, including two tetraploid and six diploid species, in Gossypium. A total of 92 unique amplicons were resolved using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Each amplicon was cloned, sequenced, and analyzed using standard phylogenetic software. Allelic diversities were caused mostly by changes in the number of simple sequence repeat (SSR) motif repeats and only a small proportion resulted from interruption of the SSR motif within the locus for the same genome. The frequency of base substitutions was 0.5%‐1.0% in different genomes, with only few indels found. Based on the combined 10 SSR flanking sequence data, the homology of A‐genome diploid species averaged 98.9%, even though most of the amplicons were of the same size, and the sequence homology between G. gossypioides (Ulbr.) Standl. and three other D‐genome species (G. raimondii Ulbr., G. davidsonii Kell., and G. thurberi Tod.) was 98.5%, 98.6%, and 98.5%, respectively. Phylogenetic trees of the two allotetraploid species and their putative diploid progenitors showed that homoelogous sequences from the A‐ and D‐subgenome were still present in the polyploid subgenomes and they evolved independently. Meanwhile, homoelogous sequence interaction that duplicated loci in the polyploid subgenomes became phylogenetic sisters was also found in the evolutionary history of tetraploid cotton species. The results of the present study suggest that evaluation of SSR variation at the sequence level can be effective in exploring the evolutionary relationships among Gossypuim species.(Managing editor: Wei WANG)
Responses of Caryopsis Germination, Seedling Emergence, and Development to Sand Water Content of Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn. and Bromus inermis Leyss
Authors: YANG Hui‐Ling , ZHU Xuan‐Wei , DONG Ming , HUANG Zhen‐Ying , CAO Zhi‐Ping 
Published: December 2005

Abstract: Responses of caryopsis germination, seedling emergence, and development of Agropyron cristatum (L.) Gaertn. (Gramineae) and Bromus inermisLeyss. (Gramineae), two dominant perennial grasses in the Otindag Sandland of China, to different sand water content (SWC; 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 6%, 8%, 12%, 16%, and 20%) were studied comparatively. The results showed that the germination responses of the two grasses to SWC were similar (i.e. caryopses could not germinate when the SWC was below 3%; at SWC ranging from 3% to 12%, the higher the SWC, the higher the germination percentage; and at a SWC of 12%‐20%, germination reached similarly high percentages). At a sand burial depth of 0.5 cm, the threshold of SWC for seedling emergence was 6% for A. cristatum and 8% for B. inermis; at 12%‐20% SWC, the seedling emergence of both species reached similarly high percentages. The seedling growth responses of these two species to SWC gradients were different. For A. cristatum, the biomass of seedlings increased with SWC from 6% to 12%, and decreased with SWC from 12% to 20%. For B. inermis, the biomass of seedlings always increased with SWC from 8% to 20%. The results also showed that the seedlings of both species allocated more biomass to the roots with decreases in SWC. The SWC changes from April to October in natural microhabitats of both species suggested that the SWC may play an important role in caryopsis germination, seedling emergence, and the growth characteristics of the two grasses. The responses of caryopsis germination, seedling emergence, and the growth characteristics of these two species to SWC may determine their distribution patterns in the Otindag Sandland.(Managing editor: Ya‐Qin HAN)
Karyotyping of Brassica napus L. Based on C0t‐1 DNA Banding by Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization
Authors: WEI Wen‐Hui , ZHAO Wan‐Peng , WANG Li‐Jun , CHEN Bo , LI Yun‐Chang , SONG Yun‐Chun 
Published: December 2005

Abstract: In order to precisely recognize and karyotype Brassica napus L. chromosomes, C0t‐1 DNA was extracted from its genomic DNA, labeled withbiotin‐11‐dUTP and in situ hybridized. The hybridized locations were detected by Cy3‐conjugated streptavidin. Specific fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) signal bands were detected on all individual chromosome pairs. Each chromosome pair showed specific banding patterns. The B. napus karyotype has been constructed, for the first time, on the basis of both C0t‐1 DNA FISH banding patterns and chromosome morphology.(Managing editor: Wei WANG)
Seek and Ye Shall [eventually] Find: The End of the Search for the Auxin Receptor
Authors: HOBBIE Lawrence 
Published: December 2005

Abstract: The mechanism by which the plant hormone auxin regulates gene expression has been shown to involve regulated degradation, through the ubiquitin‐proteasome pathway, of transcriptional repressor proteins. However, the key first component in this pathway, the receptor that binds auxin and initiates auxin signaling, has remained a mystery. Two recent papers identify the F‐box protein TIR1, part of the complex that attaches ubiquitin to its targets, as an auxin receptor. This breakthrough reveals a new mode of signal transduction and lays the groundwork for a more complete understanding of auxin physiology.(Recommended by Dr. Hong MA; Managing editor: Li‐Hui ZHAO)
Exchanger
Performance Behavior Through Irreversibility Analysis for 1-2 TEMA G Heat
Exchangers
Authors: Shah Ramesh
K. , Skiepko Teodor 
Published: December 2005

Abstract
The objective of this paper is to illustrate, discuss, and explain the interrelationship between the temperature difference irreversibility and heat exchanger effectiveness to clarify the performance trends of exchangers with some complex flow arrangements. This is because there is no physical explanation provided for the following results presented by Shah and Skiepko (ASME J. Heat Transfer, 126, pp. 994–1002, 2004): the heat exchanger effectiveness can be maximum, having an intermediate value or minimum at the maximum irreversibility operating point depending upon the flow arrangement of two fluids; similarly, the heat exchanger effectiveness can be minimum or maximum at the minimum irreversibility operating point. The analysis of such complex performance behavior is presented in this paper with an example of overall parallelflow and counterflow 1-2 TEMA G exchangers. This is accomplished by the decomposition of complex flow arrangements into simple subexchangers, and then the overall irreversibility trends for the exchangers are explained by irreversibilities produced due to temperature difference and fluid mixing in component subexchangers. It is shown for 1-2 TEMA G exchangers that the temperature difference irreversibility for a pure parallelflow subexchanger passes through a maximum at finite value of NTU1, and then approaches 0 when NTU1→∞. On the contrary, the irreversibility for a pure counterflow subexchanger attains a minimum value at finite NTU1 and then increases with NTU1 and approaches maximum at NTU1→∞ for 1–2 TEMA G exchangers. This is because the temperatures at the inlet of the subexchangers are variable and dependent on the exit temperatures from the preceding subexchangers. Detailed exchanger effectivenesses and temperature ratios are presented as a function of NTU1 for the explanation.
Racial differences in child safety restraint use in Tennessee
Authors: Gunn V L , Phillippi R M , Cooper W O 
Published: December 2005

Objectives:To evaluate the appropriate use of child safety restraints (CSR) in black and white children.Design:Cross sectional, observational study of drivers of children age 0–10 years involving an on-site vehicle and CSR inspection and brief driver interview.Results:Data were obtained on 244 white and 204 black children; results were stratified by race due to effect modification of race on driver restraint use and CSR use. Twenty four percent of black and 13% of white child passengers aged 4–10 years were completely unrestrained (p = 0.003). Of the 168 black and 220 white child passengers aged 0–10 years who were restrained, 64% of black and 58% of white children had inappropriate restraint use. Appropriate CSR use was significantly lower in 4–8 year old passengers compared with appropriately restrained children aged <4 years and 9–10 years (p<0.0001 for both black and white child passengers).Conclusions:Black child passengers and all child passengers aged 4–8 years are at increased risk of being inappropriately restrained. Educational efforts should address specific barriers to booster seat use in these populations.
Deaths from international terrorism compared with road crash deaths in OECD countries: Table 1
Authors: Wilson N , Thomson G 
Published: December 2005

Objective:To estimate the relative number of deaths in member countries of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) from international terrorism and road crashes.Methods:Data on deaths from international terrorism (US State Department database) were collated (1994–2003) and compared to the road injury deaths (year 2000 and 2001 data) from the OECD International Road Transport Accident Database.Results:In the 29 OECD countries for which comparable data were available, the annual average death rate from road injury was approximately 390 times that from international terrorism. The ratio of annual road to international terrorism deaths (averaged over 10 years) was lowest for the United States at 142 times. In 2001, road crash deaths in the US were equal to those from a September 11 attack every 26 days.Conclusions:There is a large difference in the magnitude of these two causes of deaths from injury. Policy makers need to be aware of this when allocating resources to preventing these two avoidable causes of mortality.