bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The complex stress of waterlogging and high temperature accelerated maize leaf senescence and decreased photosynthetic performance at different growth stages
Authors: Shao Jingyi , Wang Qinghao , Liu Peng , Zhao Bin , Han Wei , Zhang Jiwang , Ren Baizhao 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe greenhouse effect caused by global warming was becoming more and more obvious, resulting in increased frequency of high temperature and high humidity, which significantly affected maize productivity. However, it was poorly understood how the interactions of high temperature and high humidity affected leaf senescence, photosynthetic performance and yield of summer maize. Three stress treatments including (a) high temperature stress (T), (b) waterlogging stress (W) and (c) complex stress (T‐W) were set at the third leaf stage (V3), the sixth leaf stage (V6) and the tasselling stage (VT) in 2019–2020 to explore the influence mechanism of complex stress. Each stress treatment period lasted 6 days. Non‐stressed plants served as control. Yield, antioxidant enzyme activity, photosynthetic characteristics, and dry matter accumulation were determined. Our study found that the activity of antioxidant enzymes was significantly decreased, while malonyldialdehyde (MDA) accumulation was increased under each stress treatment. As a result, the photosynthetic characteristics were impaired, manifested in a significant decrease in net photosynthetic rate (Pn), enzyme activities of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPCase) and ribulose diphosphate carboxylase (RUBPCase). The decrease in photosynthetic intensity affected by each stress treatment led to a significant decrease in total dry matter accumulation and grain yield. The most significant effects of waterlogging and combined stresses on yield occurred at the V3 stage, followed by the V6 and VT stages. However, the most significant effects of high temperature occurred at the VT stage, followed by the V6 and V3 stages. Moreover, the compound stress exacerbated damage to leaf senescence and photosynthetic properties of summer maize compared to the single stress of high temperature or waterlogging.
Maternal experienced bereavement and offspring mental health in early adulthood: the role of modifiable parental factors
Authors: Rashid Layla , Bauer Andreas , Bowes Lucy , Creswell Cathy , Halligan Sarah 
Published: February 2024

BackgroundIt is estimated that 78% of children experience the death of a close friend or family member by 16 years of age, yet longitudinal research examining the mental health outcomes of wider experiences of bereavement is scarce. We conducted a longitudinal investigation of the association between maternal experienced bereavement before the age of 11 years and offspring depressive and anxiety disorders at age 18 and examined moderation of this association by modifiable parental factors.MethodsWe analysed data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, a UK‐based birth cohort, including 9,088 child participants with data available on bereavement. Bereavement was measured via maternal report at eight timepoints until children were 11 years. Offspring depressive and anxiety‐related disorders were self‐reported at 18 years old using the Clinical Interview Schedule‐Revised (CIS‐R). The potential moderating roles of maternal anxiety, maternal depression, parental monitoring, positive parenting and negative parenting practices were examined.ResultsMaternal experienced bereavement was not associated with depression or anxiety‐related disorders in early adulthood among offspring. In addition, no support was found for negative parenting practices, parental monitoring or maternal anxiety and depression as moderators of the relationship between maternal experienced bereavement and offspring mental health problems at 18 years old. Findings in relation to the moderating role of positive parenting practices were inconsistent.ConclusionsFindings suggest that a large number of children are exposed to maternal experienced bereavement. We found no evidence that maternal experienced bereavement during childhood increases the risk for offspring psychiatric disorders in early adulthood. Several methodological considerations prudent to bereavement research are discussed.
Chronic oxytocin improves neural decoupling at rest in children with autism: an exploratory RCT
Authors: Alaerts Kaat , Moerkerke Matthijs , Daniels Nicky , Zhang Qianqian , Grazia Ricchiuti , Steyaert Jean , Prinsen Jellina , Boets Bart 
Published: February 2024

BackgroundShifts in peak frequencies of oscillatory neural rhythms are put forward as a principal mechanism by which cross‐frequency coupling/decoupling is implemented in the brain. During active neural processing, functional integration is facilitated through transitory formations of “harmonic” cross‐frequency couplings, whereas “nonharmonic” decoupling among neural oscillatory rhythms is postulated to characterize the resting, default state of the brain, minimizing the occurrence of spurious, noisy, background couplings.MethodsWithin this exploratory, randomized, placebo‐controlled trial, we assessed whether the transient occurrence of nonharmonic and harmonic relationships between peak‐frequencies in the alpha (8–14 Hz) and theta (4–8 Hz) bands is impacted by intranasal administration of oxytocin, a neuromodulator implicated in improving homeostasis and reducing stress/anxiety. To do so, resting‐state electroencephalography was acquired before and after 4 weeks of oxytocin administration (12 IU twice‐daily) in children with autism spectrum disorder (8–12 years, n = 33 oxytocin; n = 34 placebo). At the baseline, neural assessments of children with autism were compared with those of a matched cohort of children without autism (n = 40).ResultsCompared to nonautistic peers, autistic children displayed a lower incidence of nonharmonic alpha‐theta cross‐frequency decoupling, indicating a higher incidence of spurious “noisy” coupling in their resting brain (p = .001). Dimensionally, increased neural coupling was associated with more social difficulties (p = .002) and lower activity of the parasympathetic “rest & digest” branch of the autonomic nervous system (p = .018), indexed with high‐frequency heart‐rate‐variability. Notably, after oxytocin administration, the transient formation of nonharmonic cross‐frequency configurations was increased in the cohort of autistic children (p < .001), indicating a beneficial effect of oxytocin on reducing spurious cross‐frequency‐interactions. Furthermore, parallel epigenetics changes of the oxytocin receptor gene indicated that the neural effects were likely mediated by changes in endogenous oxytocinergic signaling (p = .006).ConclusionsChronic oxytocin induced important homeostatic changes in the resting‐state intrinsic neural frequency architecture, reflective of reduced noisy oscillatory couplings and improved signal‐to‐noise properties.
Clinical performance of different bulk‐fill composite resin systems in classIIcavities: A 2‐year randomized clinical trial
Authors: Goda Badria , Hamdi Kareem , Eltoukhy Radwa I. , Ali Ashraf I. , Mahmoud Salah Hasab 
Published: February 2024

AbstractObjectivesThis study evaluated the clinical performance of bulk‐fill resin composite systems with different viscosities in class II cavities.Materials and MethodsA total of 80 class II restorations were performed with a single operator in 50 patients using four different bulk‐fill resin composite materials: Filtek™ Bulk Fill, Heated Filtek™ Bulk Fill, G‐ænial™ BULK Injectable, and SonicFill3. A double‐blinded randomized clinical trial was designed to evaluate the two‐year clinical performance of the four bulk‐fill composite resins using modified FDI criteria.Data were analyzed descriptively. Level of significance was set at 0.05. Differences between groups were tested using Wilcoxon‐signed‐rank and Mann–Whitney‐U test as nonparametric tests.ResultsData were analyzed using Kruskal‐Wallis, Mann–Whitney U, and Wilcoxon signed rank tests (p < 0.05). Eighty restorations were available for evaluation, with a survival function of 100%. No statistically significant differences were observed between the four groups regarding assessing esthetic, functional, and biological properties during different follow‐up periods.ConclusionsAfter 2 years of clinical follow‐up, the bulk‐fill composite systems with different viscosities seem to be esthetically, functionally, and biologically acceptable, with a promising clinical performance in class II cavities.
Identification of new amoebae strains in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum) farms affected by nodular gill disease (NGD) in Northeastern Italy
Authors: Brocca Ginevra , Truant Alessandro , Peckova Hana , Lisnerová Martina , Perolo Alberto , Fioravanti Marialetizia , Fiala Ivan , Gabai Gianfranco , Quaglio Francesco , Gustinelli Andrea 
Published: February 2024

AbstractNodular gill disease (NGD) is an emerging condition associated with amoeba trophozoites in freshwater salmonid farms. However, unambiguous identification of the pathogens still must be achieved. This study aimed to identify the amoeba species involved in periodic NGD outbreaks in two rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) farms in Northeastern Italy. During four episodes (February–April 2023), 88 fish were euthanized, and their gills were evaluated by macroscopic, microscopic and histopathological examination. The macroscopic and microscopic severity of the lesions and the degree of amoebae infestation were scored and statistically evaluated. One gill arch from each animal was put on non‐nutrient agar (NNA) Petri dishes for amoeba isolation, cultivation and subsequent identification with SSU rDNA sequencing. Histopathology confirmed moderate to severe lesions consistent with NGD and mild to moderate amoeba infestation. The presence of amoebae was significantly correlated with lesion severity. Light microscopy of cultured amoebae strains and SSU rDNA analysis revealed the presence of a previously characterized amoeba Naegleria sp. strain GERK and several new strains: two strains from Hartmannelidae, three vannelid amoebae from the genus Ripella and cercozoan amoeba Rosculus. Despite the uncertainty in NGD etiopathogenesis and amoebae pathogenic role, identifying known and new amoebae leans towards a possible multi‐aetiological origin.
Selection of representative indicators for flood risk assessment using marginal entropy and mutual information
Authors: Joo Hongjun , Choi Wonyoung , Jeon Chansoo 
Published: February 2024

AbstractFloods are the most frequent types of natural disasters. From the perspective of disaster management, indicators associated with floods are important for accurate flood risk assessment. However, the application of all indicators related to flood risk assessment decreases the evaluation efficiency, because the definitions of the indicators may overlap. Moreover, the volume of data required for collection and evaluation is significantly large, making the evaluation practically impossible. Thus, a scientific and objective method to select indicators for flood risk assessment based on the entropy theory was developed herein. First, the existing 28 assessment indicators were analyzed and probability‐based data were constructed for each indicator considering 28 districts in a midwestern region of Korea. The information quantity for each indicator was then obtained using marginal entropy and mutual information generated in the entropy theory. Next, the total information quantity based on the numbers of combination of indicators was derived by considering the information quantity for each indicator and the overlapping mutual information between the indicators. The maximum amount of information (161.55) was obtained by combining 18 out of the 28 flood risk indicators. The selected 18 indicators reflected regional characteristics better than those used in the existing method, demonstrating that the flood risk of the target area could be adequately assessed.
Questioning the use of ensembles versus individual climate model generated flows in future peak flood predictions: Plausibility and implications
Authors: Devkota Laxmi Prasad , Bhattarai Utsav , Devkota Rohini , Maraseni Tek , Marahatta Suresh 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAccurate estimation of design floods is necessary for developing effective flood‐management strategies. Climate change (CC) studies on floods generally consider alterations in mean runoff using ensembles compared to a base period. In this study, we examined the plausibility and implications of applying individual climate model‐generated flows versus their ensembles to estimate peak floods (magnitude and timing of occurrence), using Budhigandaki River Basin of Nepal as a case study. Annual maximum one‐day floods were derived for four future climate scenario projections (cold‐dry, cold‐wet, warm‐wet, and warm‐dry) from simulated daily flow series. Future floods of six return periods estimated for the individual climate scenarios were compared with their “Ensemble” (combiner for the ensemble series is the arithmetic mean of daily floods), “Average,” and ‘Baseline.” Results showed that magnitudes of the flood peaks are such that those estimated using “Ensemble” < “Average” < individual series. We conclude that ensemble series should not be used for flood estimation because of the averaging effect. Designers should consider at the least the “Average” instead of the “Ensemble” series while designing climate‐resilient flood structures. Furthermore, the occurrences of flood peaks are likely to be confined within the monsoon season for the “Ensemble” but spread out in the other months for the individual climate scenarios. This could have direct implications on the availability and mobilization of resources as well as the need for a year‐round operational early warning system for flood risk management.
Urinary catheter placement and adverse urinary outcomes with a focus on elevated risk in men with indwelling Foley catheters
Authors: Chang Kai‐Ting , Lai Po‐Husan , Lu I‐Cheng , Huang Ru‐Yi , Lin Chi‐Wei , Huang Chi‐Hsien 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundPrior studies indicated a link between urinary catheter use and urinary complications, highlighting the need for comprehensive, gender‐specific investigations. This study explored the association through a national retrospective cohort, emphasizing gender disparities and long‐term outcomes.MethodsOur study utilized data from the entire population covered by Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database from 2000 to 2017. We included 148,304 patients who had undergone Foley catheter placement and their propensity‐scores matched controls in the study. We evaluated urinary complications, which encompassed urinary tract cancer, urolithiasis, urethral stricture, obstructive uropathy, reflux uropathy, fistula, diverticulum, caruncle, false passage, prolapsed urethral mucosa, urinary tract rupture, and urinary tract infection. These were assessed using the Fine and Gray sub‐distribution proportional hazards model to compare between the Foley and non‐Foley groups. Sensitivity analyses were conducted with different matching ratios.ResultsIn the study, the non‐Foley group presented a marginally higher mean age (75.24 ± 10.47 years) than the Foley group (74.09 ± 10.47 years). The mean duration of Foley catheterization was 6.1 ± 4.19 years. Men with Foley catheterization exhibited the highest adjusted sub‐distribution hazard ratios for urinary tract cancer (6.57, 95% CI: 5.85–7.37), followed by women with Foley catheterization (4.48, 95% CI: 3.98–5.05), and men without catheterization (1.58, 95% CI: 1.39–1.8) in comparison with women without the procedure. Furthermore, men with Foley catheterization were found to be at the greatest risk for complications such as urolithiasis, urethral stricture, obstructive and reflux uropathy, fistula, diverticulum, caruncle, false passage, prolapsed urethral mucosa, and urinary tract rupture. Conversely, women with urinary catheterization were most susceptible to urinary tract infections.ConclusionsThe evidence confirms that urinary catheterization significantly increases urinary complications, particularly among men. Our study underscores the crucial need for healthcare providers to carefully evaluate the necessity of catheterization, aim to shorten its duration whenever feasible, and strictly adhere to established protocols to minimize complications.
Efficacy of a moisturizing cream and facial mask for alleviating skin problems associated with medical mask use: A half‐face, randomized controlled study
Authors: Wang Yang , Niu Yueqing , Ye Chengda , He Xiaofeng , Frederique Labatut , Zhang Zhongxing , Hsu Kungchi , Lin Xinrong , Andrew Steel , Zhang Xianghua , Frederic Flament , Wu Yan 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundProlonged use of medical masks has increased skin‐related issues.AimTo evaluate the efficacy of a facial cream and facial mask in mitigating medical mask related skin symptoms.MethodsHealthy women were randomly assigned to apply a facial cream (n = 32) or a facial mask plus a facial cream (n = 32) on half‐faces after wearing medical masks for 4 h (Tb). Transepidermal water loss (TEWL), dryness score, and redness area were assessed at Tb and 10 min after using the cream (T1) in the facial cream group, and at Tb, 1 h after using the facial mask (T2), and 10 min after using the cream (T3) in the combined use group.ResultsIn the facial cream group, the treated half‐face showed significantly better improvements from Tb to T1 in TEWL (−2.95 ± 0.38 vs. −0.68 ± 0.35 g/h·cm2, p < 0.001) and skin dryness score (−1.00 ± 0.12 vs. 0.00 ± 0.00, p < 0.001). In the combined use group, the treated half‐face showed significantly better improvements from Tb to T2 and T3 in TEWL (T2, −3.46 ± 0.33 vs. −0.09 ± 0.13 g/h·cm2; T3, −4.67 ± 0.31 vs. −0.28 ± 0.22 g/h·cm2) and skin dryness score (T2, −0.63 ± 0.13 vs. 0.03 ± 0.03; T3, −0.94 ± 0.17 vs. 0.19 ± 0.07) (all p < 0.001) then the untreated half‐face. The combined use group had significantly lower TEWL at T3 than T2 (p < 0.05). The reduction in redness area was similar between the treated and untreated half‐faces in both groups.ConclusionsThe test facial cream and mask significantly improved skin barrier function and alleviated dryness symptoms associated with medical mask use, with the combined use offering superior benefits.
Split‐level folding, step‐type tension‐relieving suture technique, and the evaluation on scar minimization
Authors: Zhang Yuheng , Lei Zhanjun , Lin Bin , Lin Zhixiao , Dong Yuchen , Ren Pan , Li Xueyong , Bian Yongqian , Zhao Congying 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundPrevailing tension‐reducing suture methods have a spectrum of issues. This study presents a straightforward yet highly efficacious suture technique known as the Split‐level Folding, Step‐type Tension‐relieving Suture technique, which could play a pivotal role in preempting incisional scarring.AimsTo introduce Split‐level Folding, Step‐type Tension‐relieving Suture technique and assess its effect on scar minimization.MethodsA retrospective analysis of 64 patients who underwent treatment utilizing the proposed suturing methodology. Assessment parameters included the Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale (POSAS), the Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS), scar width, complications, and all evaluated at 6‐ and 12‐month postoperatively.ResultsAt 12‐month follow‐up, the POSAS and VSS scores in the normal suture group (32.58 ± 5.43, 3.58 ± 1.39) were considerably higher than the step‐type suture group (29.75 ± 3.56, p = 0.0007; 2.78 ± 1.17, p = 0.0006). Moreover, the step‐type suture group showcased a significantly narrower average incision scar width (1.62 ± 0.36) than the normal suture group (1.87 ± 0.42, p = 0.0004). This novel tension‐relieving suture technique that effectively circumvents the occurrence of persistent localized eversion and other complications often associated with traditional tension‐relieving sutures.ConclusionsThe Split‐level Folding, Step‐type Tension‐relieving Suture technique emerges as a highly promising option for averting incisional scarring. This suture method works well for incisions on the chest, back, and extremities, resulting in significantly better long‐term outcomes.
Randomized split‐face study using a post‐procedural biotech cellulose mask to improve patient comfort and downtime
Authors: Siperstein Robyn , Nestor Elizabeth , Meran Suzanne , Stankiewicz Stacy 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundThere are many post‐procedural treatments touted to improve comfort and decrease downtime, but very few prospective randomized studies.AimsTo analyze the safety and efficacy of a post‐procedural biotech cellulose mask.Patients/MethodFifteen patients undergoing either a microneedling with radiofrequency (n = 5), non‐ablative fractional (n = 5), or full erbium:YAG resurfacing (n = 5) treatment were randomized to receive a biotech cellulose mask on one side of the face for 30 min after the procedure and for 2 h a day until healed. Standardized photos and thermal images were taken 30 min after the procedure and daily until healed. The investigator and blind evaluators reviewed the photos, and subjects answered daily questionnaires.ResultsAn analysis of the thermal images showed a significant reduction in facial temperature on the biotech cellulose mask side as compared to the control side in all groups with an average of 2.2 (range 0.2–6.5) degree Celsius reduction across all 15 subjects. All subjects reported less pain and heat immediately upon application of the mask. Thirty minutes after application, 13/15 continued to report less pain and heat, and 11/15 reported less erythema and swelling on the mask side while blind evaluators were able to choose which side had the mask 80% of the time. On average, subjects also reported significantly less swelling on Day 1 and Day 2.ConclusionThe biotech cellulose mask decreased patient's facial temperature, feelings of heat and pain, as well as downtime without any side effects for the subjects in this study undergoing a variety of treatments.
Fee Variation in Private Equity
Authors: BEGENAU JULIANE , SIRIWARDANE EMIL N. 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACTWe study how investment fees vary within private equity funds. Net‐of‐fee return clustering suggests that most funds have two tiers of fees, and we decompose differences across tiers into both management‐ and performance‐based fees. Managers of venture capital funds and those in high demand are less likely to use multiple fee schedules. Some investors consistently pay lower fees relative to others within their funds. Investor size, experience, and past performance explain some but not all of this effect, suggesting that unobserved traits like negotiation skill or bargaining power materially impact the fees that investors pay to access private markets.
Navigating the unknown: Uncertainty moderates the link between visionary leadership, perceived meaningfulness, and turnover intentions
Authors: Buss Martin , Kearney Eric 
Published: February 2024

AbstractVisionary leadership is considered to be one of the most important elements of effective leadership. Among other things, it is related to followers' perceived meaningfulness of their work. However, little is known about whether uncertainty in the workplace affects visionary leadership's effects. Given that uncertainty is rising in many, if not most, workplaces, it is vital to understand whether this development influences the extent to which visionary leadership is associated with followers' perceived meaningfulness. In a two‐source, lagged design field study of 258 leader‐follower dyads from different settings, we show that uncertainty moderates the relation between visionary leadership and followers' perceived meaningfulness such that this relation is more strongly positive when uncertainty is high, rather than low. Moreover, we show that with increasing uncertainty, visionary leadership is more negatively related to followers' turnover intentions via perceived meaningfulness. This research broadens our understanding of how visionary leadership may be a particularly potent tool in times of increasing uncertainty.