bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fostering Education in Epilepsy: A Canadian League Against Epilepsy Teaching Initiative
Authors: D’Onofrio Gianluca , Ramachandran Nair Rajesh , Reid Aylin Y. , Kobayashi Eliane , Jones Kevin , Bui Esther , Fantaneanu Tadeu A. , Appendino Juan Pablo 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACTThe Canadian League Against Epilepsy initiated a virtual epilepsy education program, conducting 29 webinars from March 2021 to September 2023. We report our experience, with the goal to inspire other groups to develop inclusive, equitable, and free educational spaces with a worldwide reach. Monthly sessions drew a median attendance of 118 participants, predominantly Canadian but also international, including physicians (58.9%) and trainees (22.8%). Post-webinar surveys (average 40% response rate) noted high satisfaction, a strong inclination to recommend the sessions, and an interest in clinical case-based topics. We plan to consider integrating a self-assessment section evaluating knowledge gained after each seminar.
Notes on the Difficulty of Studying the Ecuadorian State
Authors: Becker Marc 
Published: March 2024

This essay reviews the following works:Health in the Highlands: Indigenous Healing and Scientific Medicine in Guatemala and Ecuador. By David Carey Jr. Oakland: University of California Press, 2023. Pp. viii + 384. $34.95 paperback, $85.00 hardcover, $34.95 e-book. ISBN: 9780520344792.Conjuring the State: Public Health Encounters in Highland Ecuador, 1910–1945. By A. Kim Clark. Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2023. Pp. 200. $50.00 hardcover. ISBN: 9780822947820.La última guerra del Siglo de las Luces: Revolución Liberal y republicanismo popular en Ecuador. By Valeria Coronel. Quito: FLACSO Ecuador, 2022. Pp. xiv + 419. $18.00 paperback, $12.00 e-book. ISBN: 9789978676202.Global Governance of the Environment, Indigenous Peoples and the Rights of Nature: Extractive Industries in the Ecuadorian Amazon. By Linda Etchart. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2022. Pp. xxxv + 270. $109.99 paperback, $109.99 hardcover, $84.99 e-book. ISBN: 9783030815219.In the Shadow of Tungurahua: Disaster Politics in Highland Ecuador. By A. J. Faas. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 2023. Pp. ix + 246. $34.95 paperback, $120.00 hardcover, $34.95 e-book. ISBN: 9781978831568.A Feast of Flowers: Race, Labor, and Postcolonial Capitalism in Ecuador. By Christopher Krupa. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2022. Pp. 328. $39.95 paperback, $99.95 hardcover, $39.95 e-book. ISBN: 9780812225129.Transforming Ethnicity: Youth and Migration in the Southern Ecuadorian Andes. By Jorge Daniel Vásquez. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2023. Pp. xix + 105. $44.99 hardcover, $34.99 e-book. ISBN: 9783031300967.Extractivism and Universality: Inside an Uprising in the Amazon. By Japhy Wilson. Abingdon, UK: Routledge, 2023. Pp. x +132. $128.00 hardcover, $42.36 e-book. ISBN: 9781032386126.
Fencing improves the establishment and growth of Boswellia papyrifera (Del.) Hochst wildlings
Authors: Birhane Emiru , Tesfay Abadi , Damtew Abebe , Girmay Zenebe , Gidey Tesfay , Bongers Frans 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Boswellia papyrifera (Del.) Hochst is a flagship species of semi-arid areas of the East African region with substantial economic, ecological and cultural values. However, its persistence is currently threatened by both anthropogenic and natural pressures. This calls for an immediate conservation action. Planting seedlings of B. papyrifera in natural habitats using nursery-grown seedlings from seed and cuttings has been little successful. Fencing of naturally regenerated seedlings (wildlings) established under the parent trees could be used as an alternative option. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of fencing on the seedling establishment and growth of B. papyrifera wildlings. The experiment was conducted using 36 plots in fenced and open conditions. The results showed that fencing significantly enhances the establishment and growth of B. papyrifera wildlings compared to the open areas. Fenced wildlings exhibited higher survival rates, increased height, greater leaf numbers, larger root collar diameters, larger leaf areas and higher leaf biomass compared to non-fenced wildlings. Therefore, the protection of B. papyrifera seedlings using a fencing intervention can improve the overall establishment and development of B. papyrifera seedlings, thereby contributing to the sustainable conservation and restoration of this valuable species.
Subjects’ strategies against lordship in Burgundian and Habsburg Flanders
Authors: De Waele Tom 
Published: March 2024

AbstractFrom the thirteenth until the 18th century, the county of Flanders knew a special citizen status for rural residents. Country dwellers, normally residing under the jurisdiction and fiscality of lordships, could register themselves as external citizens or ‘outburghers’. Outburghership has primarily been researched within the context of state building and urban studies. This contribution prioritizes the perspective of the countryside. Studies on premodern Flanders have shown that the counts and cities tried to undermine the power of local lords by providing as many seigneurial subjects as possible with fiscal and judicial exemptions to the lords’ justice and taxes. The accessibility of outburghership and its varying appeal along time and space has not been adequately researched. This study argues that the heyday of outburghership in Flanders was between 1300 and 1550. After 1600, outburghership endured as defence mechanism against seigneurial lordship until both institutions met their demise in 1795.
Static Blame for gradual typing
Authors: SU CHENGHAO , CHEN LIN , YANHUI LI , ZHOU YUMING 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Gradual typing integrates static and dynamic typing by introducing a dynamic type and a consistency relation. A problem of gradual type systems is that dynamic types can easily hide erroneous data flows since consistency relations are not transitive. Therefore, a more rigorous static check is required to reveal these hidden data flows statically. However, in order to preserve the expressiveness of gradually typed languages, static checks for gradually typed languages cannot simply reject programs with potentially erroneous data flows. By contrast, a more reasonable request is to show how these data flows can affect the execution of the program. In this paper, we propose and formalize Static Blame, a framework that can reveal hidden data flows for gradually typed programs and establish the correspondence between static-time data flows and runtime behavior. With this correspondence, we build a classification of potential errors detected from hidden data flows and formally characterize the possible impact of potential errors in each category on program execution, without simply rejecting the whole program. We implemented Static Blame on Grift, an academic gradually typed language, and evaluated the effectiveness of Static Blame by mutation analysis to verify our theoretical results. Our findings revealed that Static Blame exhibits a notable level of precision and recall in detecting type-related bugs. Furthermore, we conducted a manual classification to elucidate the reasons behind instances of failure. We also evaluated the performance of Static Blame, showing a quadratic growth in run time as program size increases.
The evolution of economies, technologies, and other institutions: exploring W. Brian Arthur's insights
Authors: Schrepel Thibault 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Technology is a complex adaptive system that is both shaped by, and shapes, institutional arrangements. This critical insight, developed in depth by W. Brian Arthur – the father of complexity economics – is relevant to researchers interested in institutions. Arthur provides a method for capturing the underlying dynamics. He offers conceptual tools centred on the concept of increasing returns to make sense of some crucial challenges. He also suggests technical tools, including agent-based modelling, to tackle ill-defined economic, legal, and institutional problems. This article explores his body of work and derives some institutional insights from it.
Statistical estimation of noise induced hearing loss among the drivers in one of the most polluted cities of India
Authors: Manar Manish Kumar , Singh Shivendra Kumar , Bajpai Prashant Kumar , Verma Veerendra , Shukla Sheo Prasad , Singh Neeraj Kumar , Markandeya  
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn the present study, an attempt has been made to assess the impact of vehicular noise upon the 3-wheeler tempo drivers and to know whether there is any relationship between hearing loss and cumulative noise exposure. For this purpose, 3-wheeler tempo drivers (Exposed group) and non-commercial light motor vehicle car drivers (Unexposed group) were chosen as study subjects. Three traffic routes were selected to assess the noise level during waiting and running time in the exposed and unexposed groups. Among all three routes, the highest mean noise level (Leq) was observed on the Chowk to Dubagga route for waiting and en-route noise measurement. It was measured as 84.13 dB(A) and 86.36 dB(A) for waiting and en-route periods of 7.68 ± 3.46 and 31.05 ± 6.6 min, respectively. Cumulative noise exposure was found to be significantly different (p < 0.001) in all age groups of exposed and unexposed drivers. Audiometric tests have been performed over both exposed and unexposed groups. The regression analysis has been done keeping hearing loss among tempo drivers as the dependent variable and age (years) and Energy (Pa2 Hrs) as the independent variable using three different criteria of hearing loss definitions, i.e., World Health Organization, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Occupational Safety and Health Administration criteria. Among these three criteria, the NIOSH criterion of hearing loss best explained the independent variables. It could explain the total variation in dependent variable by independent variable quite well, i.e., 68.1%. The finding showed a linear relationship between cumulative noise exposures (Pa2 Hrs) and the exposed group's hearing loss (dB), i.e., hearing loss increases with increasing noise dose. Based on the findings, two model equations were developed to identify the safe and unsafe noise levels with exposure time.
Clean-up of divalent cobalt ions by massive sequestration in a low-cost calcium silicate hydrate material
Authors: Hamilton Andrea , Bots Pieter , Zhou Han , Liu Bao , Hall Christopher 
Published: March 2024

AbstractCobalt is a critical resource in industrial economies for the manufacture of electric-vehicle batteries, alloys, magnets, and catalysts, but has acute supply-chain risks and poses a threat to the environment. Large-scale sequestration of cobalt in low-cost materials under mild conditions opens a path to cobalt recycling, recovery and environmental clean-up. We describe such sequestration of cobalt by a widely available commercial calcium silicate material containing the mineral xonotlite. Xonotlite rapidly and spontaneously takes up 40 percent of its weight of cobalt under ambient conditions of temperature and pressure and reduces dissolved cobalt concentrations to low parts per million. A new Sharp Front experimental design is used to obtain kinetic and chemical information. Sequestration occurs by a coupled dissolution-precipitation replacement mechanism. The cobalt silicate reaction product is largely amorphous but has phyllosilicate features.
Advancing high-performance visible light communication with long-wavelength InGaN-based micro-LEDs
Authors: Hsiao Fu-He , Miao Wen-Chien , Lee Tzu-Yi , Pai Yi-Hua , Hung Yu-Ying , Iida Daisuke , Lin Chun-Liang , Chow Chi-Wai , Lin Gong-Ru , Ohkawa Kazuhiro , Kuo Hao-Chung , Hong Yu-Heng 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis study showcases a method for achieving high-performance yellow and red micro-LEDs through precise control of indium content within quantum wells. By employing a hybrid quantum well structure with our six core technologies, we can accomplish outstanding external quantum efficiency (EQE) and robust stripe bandwidth. The resulting 30 μm × 8 micro-LED arrays exhibit maximum EQE values of 11.56% and 5.47% for yellow and red variants, respectively. Notably, the yellow micro-LED arrays achieve data rates exceeding 1 Gbit/s for non-return-to-zero on–off keying (NRZ-OOK) format and 1.5 Gbit/s for orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) format. These findings underscore the significant potential of long-wavelength InGaN-based micro-LEDs, positioning them as highly promising candidates for both full-color microdisplays and visible light communication applications.
A grey wolf optimization-based modified SPWM control scheme for a three-phase half bridge cascaded multilevel inverter
Authors: Nasser Abdelrahman M. , Refky Amr , Shatla Hamdy , Abdel-hamed Alaa M. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe Multilevel inverter (MLI) plays a pivotal role in Renewable Energy (RE) systems by offering a cost-effective and highly efficient solution for converting DC from Photovoltaic (PV) sources into AC at high voltages. In addition, an innovative technology holds immense significance as it not only enables the seamless integration of PV systems into the grid but also ensures optimal power generation, thereby contributing to the widespread adoption of RE and fostering a sustainable future. This paper presents a modified sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) control scheme for a three-phase half-bridge cascaded MLI-powered PV sources. The selection of the MLI configuration is motivated by its reduced number of switching components, which enhances system reliability and simplifies experimental implementation. Compared to the SPWM schemes which require (m−1) carriers that make the generation of the pulse circuit very complex, the proposed control scheme requires only three signals: a carrier signal, a triangular waveform, and a modulating signal. This approach significantly reduces the complexity of control and facilitates practical implementation. The proposed control scheme simulation is verified using MATLAB/SIMULINK Software. The grey wolf optimization (GWO) algorithm is implemented to determine the optimal switching angles of the proposed control scheme. The Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) objective is selected to be the fitness function to be minimized for improving the quality of the output waveforms. For verification, the results of the proposed GWO-based modified SPWM control scheme are compared with those obtained using both the Particle swarm Optimization (PSO) and Genetic algorithm (GA) used in the literature. Simulation results declared that the proposed control scheme improves performance, especially THD which is minimized to 6.8%. Experimental validation has been conducted by building a laboratory prototype of the proposed system. The experimental and simulation results gave acceptable and limited convergent results considering the experimental difficulties.
Impact of metabolic syndrome on bone mineral density in men over 50 and postmenopausal women according to U.S. survey results
Authors: Tan Mo-Yao , Zhu Si-Xuan , Wang Gao-Peng , Liu Zhong-Xing 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMetabolic Syndrome (MetS) and bone mineral density (BMD) have shown a controversial link in some studies. This research aims to study their association in males over 50 and postmenopausal females using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data. Postmenopausal females and males over 50 were included in the study. MetS was defined by the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines. BMD values were measured at the thoracic spine, lumbar spine, and pelvis as the primary outcome. Weighted multivariate general linear models have been employed to explore the status of BMD in patients with MetS. Additionally, interaction tests and subgroup analyses were conducted. Utilizing the NHANES database from 2003 to 2006 and 2011–2018, we included 1924 participants, with 1029 males and 895 females. In postmenopausal women, after adjusting for covariates, we found a positive correlation between MetS and pelvic (β: 0.030 [95%CI 0.003, 0.06]) and thoracic (β: 0.030 [95%CI 0.01, 0.06]) BMD, though not for lumbar spine BMD (β: 0.020 [95%CI − 0.01, 0.05]). In males over 50 years old, MetS was positively correlated with BMD in both Model 1 (without adjusting for covariates) and Model 2 (considering age and ethnicity). Specifically, Model 2 revealed a positive correlation between MetS and BMD at the pelvis (β: 0.046 [95%CI 0.02, 0.07]), thoracic spine (β: 0.047 [95%CI 0.02, 0.07]), and lumbar spine (β: 0.040 [95%CI 0.02, 0.06]). Subgroup analysis demonstrated that the relationship between MetS and BMD remained consistent in all strata, underscoring the stability of the findings. In postmenopausal women, after adjusting for all covariates, a significant positive correlation was observed between MetS and BMD in the pelvis and thoracic spine, whereas this correlation was not significant for lumbar spine BMD. Conversely, in males, positive correlations between MetS and BMD at the lumbar spine, thoracic spine, and pelvis were identified in Model 2, which adjusted for age and ethnicity; however, these correlations disappeared after fully adjusting for all covariates. These findings highlight the potential moderating role of gender in the impact of MetS on BMD.
Comparative response to PDT with methyl-aminolevulinate and temoporfin in cutaneous and oral squamous cell carcinoma cells
Authors: Nicolás-Morala J. , Alonso-Juarranz M. , Barahona A. , Terrén S. , Cabezas S. , Falahat F. , Gilaberte Y. , Gonzalez S. , Juarranz A. , Mascaraque M. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractCutaneous and Head and Neck squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC, HNSCC) are among the most prevalent cancers. Both types of cancer can be treated with photodynamic therapy (PDT) by using the photosensitizer Temoporfin in HNSCC and the prodrug methyl-aminolevulinate (MAL) in CSCC. However, PDT is not always effective. Therefore, it is mandatory to correctly approach the therapy according to the characteristics of the tumour cells. For this reason, we have used cell lines of CSCC (A431 and SCC13) and HNSCC (HN5 and SCC9). The results obtained indicated that the better response to MAL-PDT was related to its localization in the plasma membrane (A431 and HN5 cells). However, with Temoporfin all cell lines showed lysosome localization, even the most sensitive ones (HN5). The expression of mesenchymal markers and migratory capacity was greater in HNSCC lines compared to CSCC, but no correlation with PDT response was observed. The translocation to the nucleus of β-catenin and GSK3β and the activation of NF-κβ is related to the poor response to PDT in the HNSCC lines. Therefore, we propose that intracellular localization of GSK3β could be a good marker of response to PDT in HNSCC. Although the molecular mechanism of response to PDT needs further elucidation, this work shows that the most MAL-resistant line of CSCC is more sensitive to Temoporfin.
Comparison of the effectiveness of different normalization methods for metagenomic cross-study phenotype prediction under heterogeneity
Authors: Wang Beibei , Sun Fengzhu , Luan Yihui 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe human microbiome, comprising microorganisms residing within and on the human body, plays a crucial role in various physiological processes and has been linked to numerous diseases. To analyze microbiome data, it is essential to account for inherent heterogeneity and variability across samples. Normalization methods have been proposed to mitigate these variations and enhance comparability. However, the performance of these methods in predicting binary phenotypes remains understudied. This study systematically evaluates different normalization methods in microbiome data analysis and their impact on disease prediction. Our findings highlight the strengths and limitations of scaling, compositional data analysis, transformation, and batch correction methods. Scaling methods like TMM show consistent performance, while compositional data analysis methods exhibit mixed results. Transformation methods, such as Blom and NPN, demonstrate promise in capturing complex associations. Batch correction methods, including BMC and Limma, consistently outperform other approaches. However, the influence of normalization methods is constrained by population effects, disease effects, and batch effects. These results provide insights for selecting appropriate normalization approaches in microbiome research, improving predictive models, and advancing personalized medicine. Future research should explore larger and more diverse datasets and develop tailored normalization strategies for microbiome data analysis.
A predictive model for post-thoracoscopic surgery pulmonary complications based on the PBNN algorithm
Authors: Zhou Cheng-Mao , Xue Qiong , Li HuiJuan , Yang Jian-Jun , Zhu Yu 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWe constructed an early prediction model for postoperative pulmonary complications after thoracoscopic surgery using machine learning and deep learning algorithms. The artificial intelligence prediction models were built in Python, primarily using artificial intelligencealgorithms including both machine learning and deep learning algorithms. Correlation analysis showed that postoperative pulmonary complications were positively correlated with age and surgery duration, and negatively correlated with serum albumin. Using the light gradient boosting machine(LGBM) algorithm, weighted feature engineering revealed that single lung ventilation duration, history of smoking, surgery duration, ASA score, and blood glucose were the main factors associated with postoperative pulmonary complications. Results of artificial intelligence algorithms for predicting pulmonary complications after thoracoscopy in the test group: In terms of accuracy, the two best algorithms were Logistic Regression (0.831) and light gradient boosting machine(0.827); in terms of precision, the two best algorithms were Gradient Boosting (0.75) and light gradient boosting machine (0.742); in terms of recall, the three best algorithms were gaussian naive bayes (0.581), Logistic Regression (0.532), and pruning Bayesian neural network (0.516); in terms of F1 score, the two best algorithms were LogisticRegression (0.589) and pruning Bayesian neural network (0.566); and in terms of Area Under Curve(AUC), the two best algorithms were light gradient boosting machine(0.873) and pruning Bayesian neural network (0.869). The results of this study suggest that pruning Bayesian neural network (PBNN) can be used to assess the possibility of pulmonary complications after thoracoscopy, and to identify high-risk groups prior to surgery.