bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and validation of a machine learning model to predict time to renal replacement therapy in patients with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Okita Jun , Nakata Takeshi , Uchida Hiroki , Kudo Akiko , Fukuda Akihiro , Ueno Tamio , Tanigawa Masato , Sato Noboru , Shibata Hirotaka 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
Predicting time to renal replacement therapy (RRT) is important in patients at high risk for end-stage kidney disease. We developed and validated machine learning models for predicting the time to RRT and compared its accuracy with conventional prediction methods that uses the rate of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) decline.

Methods
Data of adult chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients who underwent hemodialysis at Oita University Hospital from April 2016 to March 2021 were extracted from electronic medical records (N = 135). A new machine learning predictor was compared with the established prediction method that uses the eGFR decline rate and the accuracy of the prediction models was determined using the coefficient of determination (R2). The data were preprocessed and split into training and validation datasets. We created multiple machine learning models using the training data and evaluated their accuracy using validation data. Furthermore, we predicted the time to RRT using a conventional prediction method that uses the eGFR decline rate for patients who had measured eGFR three or more times in two years and evaluated its accuracy.

Results
The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression model exhibited moderate accuracy with an R2 of 0.60. By contrast, the conventional prediction method was found to be extremely low with an R2 of -17.1.

Conclusions
The significance of this study is that it shows that machine learning can predict time to RRT moderately well with continuous values from data at a single time point. This approach outperforms the conventional prediction method that uses eGFR time series data and presents new avenues for CKD treatment.
Rate and reasons for peritoneal dialysis dropout following haemodialysis to peritoneal dialysis switch: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Sun Xingge , McKeaveney Clare , Shields Joanne , Chan Chi Peng , Henderson Matthew , Fitzell Fiona , Noble Helen , O’Neill Stephen 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
Patient experiences and survival outcomes can be influenced by the circumstances related to dialysis initiation and subsequent modality choices. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to explore the rate and reasons for peritoneal dialysis (PD) dropout following haemodialysis (HD) to PD switch.

Method
This systematic review conducted searches in four databases, including Medline, PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane. The protocol was registered on PROSPERO (study ID: CRD42023405718). Outcomes included factors leading to the switch from HD to PD, the rate and reasons for PD dropout and mortality difference in two groups (PD first group versus HD to PD group). The Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) checklist and the GRADE tool were used to assess quality.

Results
4971 papers were detected, and 13 studies were included. On meta-analysis, there was no statistically significant difference in PD dropout in the PD first group (OR: 0.81; 95%CI: 0.61, 1.09; I2 = 83%; P = 0.16), however, there was a statistically significant reduction in the rate of mortality (OR: 0.48; 95%CI: 0.25, 0.92; I2 = 73%; P = 0.03) compared to the HD to PD group. The primary reasons for HD to PD switch, included vascular access failure, patient preference, social issues, and cardiovascular disease. Causes for PD dropout differed between the two groups, but inadequate dialysis and peritonitis were the main reasons for PD dropout in both groups.

Conclusion
Compared to the PD first group, a previous HD history may not impact PD dropout rates for patients, but it could impact mortality in the HD to PD group. The reasons for PD dropout differed between the two groups, with no statistical differences. Psychosocial reasons for PD dropout are valuable to further research. Additionally, establishing a consensus on the definition of PD dropout is crucial for future studies.
Pregnancy planning and neonatal outcome - a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Reuterwall Isa , Hultstrand Jenny Niemeyer , Carlander Alisa , Jonsson Maria , Tydén Tanja , Kullinger Merit 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
Unplanned pregnancy is common, and although some research indicates adverse outcomes for the neonate, such as death, low birth weight, and preterm birth, results are inconsistent. The purpose of the present study was to investigate associated neonatal outcomes of an unplanned pregnancy in a Swedish setting.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective cohort study in which data from 2953 women were retrieved from the Swedish Pregnancy Planning Study, covering ten Swedish counties from September 2012 through July 2013. Pregnancy intention was measured using the London Measurement of Unplanned Pregnancy. Women with unplanned pregnancies and pregnancies of ambivalent intention were combined and referred to as unplanned. Data on neonatal outcomes: small for gestational age, low birth weight, preterm birth, Apgar score < 7 at 5 min, and severe adverse neonatal outcome defined as death or need for resuscitation at birth, were retrieved from the Swedish Medical Birth Register.

Results
The prevalence of unplanned pregnancies was 30.4%. Compared with women who had planned pregnancies, those with unplanned pregnancies were more likely to give birth to neonates small for gestational age: 3.6% vs. 1.7% (aOR 2.1, 95% CI 1.2–3.7). There were no significant differences in preterm birth, Apgar score < 7 at 5 min, or severe adverse neonatal outcome.

Conclusions
In a Swedish setting, an unplanned pregnancy might increase the risk for birth of an infant small for gestational age.
Postnatal care and acceptability of emollient therapy in very low birthweight infants in Harare, Zimbabwe: a qualitative analysis
Authors: Hui Alexa , Chimhini Gwendoline , Saungweme Margaret , Kaisi Dorah , Munetsi Elisabeth , Mujuru Hilda A. , Darmstadt Gary L. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
Preterm birth (birth before 37 completed weeks of pregnancy) is the leading cause of neonatal and child under-five mortality globally, both of which are highest regionally in sub-Saharan Africa. The skin barrier plays a critical role in neonatal health and increasing evidence supports the use of topical emollient therapy to promote postnatal growth and reduce hospital-acquired infections in preterm infants. The World Health Organization (WHO) currently recommends emollient therapy in preterm or low birthweight infants globally but calls for further research on impacts of emollient use, especially in Africa. Little is known about postnatal skincare practices and the tradition of oil massage across sub-Saharan Africa. Further documentation is necessary to understand the context for future emollient intervention trials.

Methods
61 semi-structured interviews with mothers who just delivered preterm or term infants and 4 focus group discussions (32 participants) with physician and nurse providers of newborn care were conducted at Sally Mugabe Central Hospital (SMCH), in Harare, Zimbabwe. SMCH is the principal public-sector tertiary care hospital for newborn infants in the northern part of the country. Mothers and healthcare professionals were questioned about newborn care at the hospital, current neonatal skincare and bathing practices, and the community’s receptivity to a future emollient therapy clinical trial.

Results
Postnatal skincare is centrally important to Zimbabwean communities and petroleum jelly application is nearly universal. The use of cooking oil and other natural oils on infants is also part of traditional customs. The primary needs and desires of mothers who have just given birth to preterm infants are having greater agency in their children’s care and financial support in purchasing prescribed medications while at the hospital. Community receptivity to emollient therapy as a cost-effective treatment is high, particularly if mothers are trained to assist with the intervention.

Conclusion
Emollient therapy will likely be well-received by communities in and around Harare because of its accordance with current skincare practices and perceptions; however, cultural norms and the experiences of new mothers who have given birth at a facility highlight challenges and considerations for future clinical trial execution.

Trial registration
Clinicaltrials.gov NCT05461404.
Values of serum intestinal fatty acid-binding protein, fecal calprotectin, and fecal human β-defensin 2 for predicting necrotizing enterocolitis
Authors: Liu Sujia , Liu Yongle , Lai Shuhua , Xie Yingling , Xiu Wenlong , Yang Changyi 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
This study aimed to assess the diagnostic potential of serum intestinal fatty acid-binding protein (I-FABP), fecal calprotectin (FC), and fecal human β-defensin 2 (hBD2) in predicting necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in preterm infants.

Methods
A prospective cohort of neonates with a gestational age < 32 weeks, suspected of NEC, was enrolled between June 2021 and December 2022. Serum I-FABP, FC, and fecal hBD2 levels were measured upon NEC suspicion, and diagnosis was confirmed through radiological examination or surgical intervention. Diagnostic precision of serum I-FABP, FC, and fecal hBD2 was assessed using a logistic regression model with multiple variables.

Results
The study included 70 neonates (45 males, 25 females), with 30 developing NEC (40% Stage III, n = 12; 60% Stage II, n = 18) and 40 in the control group. NEC patients exhibited significantly higher serum I-FABP and FC levels (4.76 ng/mL and 521.56 µg/g feces, respectively) than those with other diagnoses (1.38 ng/mL and 213.34 µg/g feces, respectively; p ˂ 0.05 for both biomarkers). Stage II NEC neonates showed elevated fecal hBD2 levels (376.44 ng/g feces) than Stage III NEC neonates and controls (336.87 ng/g and 339.86 ng/g feces, respectively; p ˂ 0.05). No such increase was observed in infants progressing to Stage III NEC. Using a serum I-FABP threshold of > 2.54 ng/mL yielded 76.7% sensitivity, 87.5% specificity, 82.1% positive predictive value (PPV), and 83.3% negative predictive value (NPV). For FC (cutoff > 428.99 µg/g feces), corresponding values were 76.7% sensitivity, 67.5% specificity, 63.9% PPV, and 79.4% NPV.

Conclusion
Serum I-FABP and FC levels are valuable for early NEC detection and provide insights into disease severity. Low fecal hBD2 levels suggest an inadequate response to luminal bacteria, potentially rendering these infants more susceptible to NEC development or exacerbation.
Clinical features and treatment options for pediatric adrenal incidentalomas: a retrospective single center study
Authors: Zhu Xiaojiang , Liu Saisai , Yuan Yimin , Gu Nannan , Sha Jintong , Guo Yunfei , Deng Yongji 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical features and treatment options for pediatric adrenal incidentalomas(AIs) to guide the diagnosis and treatment of these tumors.

Methods
The clinical data of AI patients admitted to our hospital between December 2016 and December 2022 were collected and retrospectively analyzed. All patients were divided into neonatal and nonneonatal groups according to their age at the time of the initial consultation.

Results
In the neonatal group, 13 patients were observed and followed up, and the masses completely disappeared in 8 patients and were significantly reduced in size in 5 patients compared with the previous findings. Four patients ultimately underwent surgery, and the postoperative pathological diagnosis was neuroblastoma in three patients and teratoma in one patient. In the nonneonatal group, there were 18 cases of benign tumors, including 9 cases of ganglioneuroma, 2 cases of adrenocortical adenoma, 2 cases of adrenal cyst, 2 cases of teratoma, 1 case of pheochromocytoma, 1 case of nerve sheath tumor, and 1 case of adrenal hemorrhage; and 20 cases of malignant tumors, including 10 cases of neuroblastoma, 9 cases of ganglioneuroblastoma, and 1 case of adrenocortical carcinoma.

Conclusions
Neuroblastoma is the most common type of nonneonatal AI, and detailed laboratory investigations and imaging studies are recommended for aggressive evaluation and treatment in this population. The rate of spontaneous regression of AI is high in neonates, and close observation is feasible if the tumor is small, confined to the adrenal gland and has no distant metastasis.
The assessment of preschool children with ESSENCE symptoms: concordance between parents, preschool teachers and child psychologists
Authors: Gustafsson B. M. , Sund Levander M. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
It is important to detect children with Early Symptomatic Syndromes Eliciting Neurodevelopmental Clinical Examinations (ESSENCE) in order to implement early intervention and support for the child and family. Standardized instruments for assessment in different contexts of behaviour problems, engagement and psychosocial health obtain an objective picture of the preschool child's mental health.

Aim
To explore and compare parents', preschool teachers' and child health care psychologists' assessment of behaviour, everyday function, engagement, social interaction and psychosocial health in children with ESSENCE symptoms.

Method
Parents of 152 children (114 boys and 38 girls, 4.5 ± 1 years) with ESSENCE symptoms, 155 preschool teachers and 8 child psychologists participated. Parents and preschool teachers assessed externalizing and internalizing behavioural problems using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), including the SDQ supplement for assessing the impact of behavioral problems on daily function. Preschool teachers also assessed engagement and social interaction using the Children's Engagement Questionnaire (CEQ), and the child psychologists assessed psychosocial health with the Child Psychosocial Health Assessment (LillaLAPS) and template in conversations with parents of children with neurodevelopmental problems.

Results
Parents', preschool teachers' and child psychologists' assessment of the child's ESSENCE symptoms overall agreed. Both parents and preschool teachers see a strength in the child's social abilities. Differences in mean values show that parents assess more conduct, emotional symptoms and problems in daily life and more social skills, compared to the preschool teachers rating more peer problems.

Conclusion
It is important to consider different contexts to identify the child's need for support in everyday life. Expanded use of validated screening instruments in clinical practice would promote detection of children not already identified as exhibiting neurodevelopmental problems.
Effectiveness of human immunodeficiency virus prevention strategies by mapping the geographic dispersion pattern of human immunodeficiency virus prevalence in Nanning, China
Authors: Cen Ping , Xu Guo , Wu Jianxun , Qin Jiao , He Jinfeng , Deng Xiaofang , Yang Xi , Lu Peng , Nong Mengni , Jiang Junjun , Ye Li , Tang Hongyang , Liang Bingyu , Liang Hao 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
The Guangxi government initiated two rounds of the Guangxi AIDS Conquering Project (GACP) in 2010 (Phase I) and 2015 (Phase II) to control human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) epidemics. However, the effectiveness of GACP in HIV prevention and treatment has rarely been reported. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of the GACP implemented in Guangxi, China and provide data for strategy and praxis improvements to achieve Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) 95-95 targets.

Methods
We used spatial approaches to trace the spatiotemporal distribution properties, epidemic trends, and correlation between macroscopic factors and HIV incidence using data from the Chinese HIV/AIDS case reporting system to explore the effects of the GACP.

Results
During the GACP era, the HIV epidemic stabilized in urban centers, showing a downward trend in the Hengzhou and Binyang Counties in the eastern region, whereas it continued to increase in rural areas of the northwest region, such as the Long’an, Mashan, Shanglin, and Wuming Districts. The linear directional mean (LDM) of HIV infection reported cases displayed a southeast–northwest direction, with an LDM value of 12.52°. Compared with that in Phase I, Hengzhou withdrew from the high-high clustering area, and the west–north suburban counties pulled out the low-low clustering area during Phase II. Significant HIV clusters were identified in the eastern region during Phase I, whereas these clusters emerged in the northwestern areas during Phase II. Regarding HIV, socioeconomic status, population mobility, and medical care levels were the key social drivers of heterogeneous spatial distribution.

Conclusions
The GACP assisted in effectively managing the HIV epidemic in urban and eastern areas of Nanning City. However, prevention and control efforts in rural regions, particularly those located in the northwest, may not have yielded comparable outcomes. To address this disparity, allocating additional resources and implementing tailored intervention measures for these rural areas are imperative.
Performance of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) in comparison to conventional computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the detection of bone invasion in oral squamous cell cancer (OSCC): a prospective study
Authors: Straub Anton , Linz Christian , Lapa Constantin , Hartmann Stefan , Kübler Alexander C. , Müller-Richter Urs D. A. , Faber Julian , Bley Thorsten , Brumberg Joachim , Kertels Olivia , Brands Roman C. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
Oral squamous carcinoma (OSCC) is often diagnosed at late stages and bone erosion or invasion of the jawbone is frequently present. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are known to have high diagnostic sensitivities, specificities, and accuracies in detecting these bone affections in patients suffering from OSCC. To date, the existing data regarding the impact of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) have been weak. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate whether CBCT is a suitable tool to detect bone erosion or invasion in patients with OSCC.

Methods
We investigated in a prospective trial the impact of CBCT in the diagnosis of bone erosion or invasion in patients with OSCC who underwent surgery. Every participant received a CBCT, CT, and MRI scan during staging. Imaging modalities were evaluated by two specialists in oral and maxillofacial surgery (CBCT) and two specialists in radiology (CT and MRI) in a blinded way, to determine whether a bone affection was present or not. Reporting used the following 3-point system: no bony destruction (“0”), cortical bone erosion (“1”), or medullary bone invasion (“2”). Histological examination or a follow-up served to calculate the sensitivities, specificities, and accuracies of the imaging modalities.

Results
Our results revealed high diagnostic sensitivities (95.6%, 84.4%, and 88.9%), specificities (87.0%, 91.7%, and 91.7%), and accuracies (89.5%, 89.5%, and 90.8%) for CBCT, CT, and MRI. A pairwise comparison found no statistical difference between CBCT, CT, and MRI.

Conclusion
Our data support the routine use of CBCT in the diagnosis of bone erosion and invasion in patients with OSCC as diagnostic accuracy is equal to CT and MRI, the procedure is cost-effective, and it can be performed during initial contact with the patient.
Hematological parameters in patients with recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Mousavi Tahoora , Jalali Hossein , Moosazadeh Mahmood 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Objectives
Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis (RAS) known as recurrent aphthous ulcer is a common and painful ulcerations in oral cavity. It has been suggested that hematological parameters seems to be considered as an etiologic factor. So, this meta-analysis and systematic review was aimed to examine the relationship between RAS and hematological parameters.

Methods
Relevant studies were found using online international databases including Scopus, Science direct, Web of science (ISI), PubMed, and Google Scholar search engine between 2000 and October 2023. The quality of all papers was determined by NOS checklist. Heterogeneity between the results of primary studies was evaluated with I-square index and publication bias was performed by Egger’s test and funnel plots. Also, sensitivity analysis was done to check the effect of each of the primary studies on the overall estimate. Also, the statistical analyses were done using Stata software Ver. 11.

Results
By combining the results of primary studies, the standardized mean difference (SMD) of vitamin B12, ferritin, folic acid, hemoglobin, iron and zinc indices with a 95% confidence interval (CI) between the case (patients with RAS) and control (Healthy) groups were estimated -0.52(-0.89, -0.14), -0.20(-0.51, 0.11), -0.42(-0.95, 0.11), -0.58(-0.90, -0.27), 0.01(-0.12, 0.15), -0.33(-0.81, 0.14) respectively. The patients with vitamin B12, ferritin, folic acid, and iron deficiencies and reduced hemoglobin (Hb) level reported 2.93(2.28, 3.78), 2.50(1.48, 4.22), 1.51(0.53, 4.29), 1.46(0.70, 3.03), and 2.14(1.38, 3.32), times more susceptible to develop RAS than healthy individuals.

Conclusion
The results of the meta-analysis indicated that the SMD of vitamin B12 serum and Hb levels in the case group was 52%. Our result have also showed that the odds ratio of vitamin B12, ferritin deficiencies, and decreased Hb level in case group was 2.93, 2.50, and 2.14 times more than healthy group.