bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Guillain–Barre syndrome: small-volume plasmapheresis versus intravenous immunoglobulin—3rd level hospital experience
Authors: Balili Khaoula , Louhab Nissrine , Adarmouch Latifa , Chraa Mohamed , Hachimi Abdelhamid , Belbachir Anass , Kissani Najib 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
Specific treatment for Guillain–Barre syndrome is based on plasma exchange and intravenous immunoglobulin (IvIg). In developing countries such as Morocco, we are often confronted with constraints in terms of price and availability of substitutes. Comparative studies of these two therapeutic modalities have been conducted particularly in severely extensive forms.

Results
Our study compared small-volume plasmapheresis (SVP) with intravenous Immunoglobulin over a nine-year period in the neurology department of the University Hospital Center of Marrakech in terms of efficacy and safety in Moroccan patients with GBS of varying degrees of severity.
We included 76 patients who were hospitalized for GBS. Forty-six patients were treated with SVP and 30 were treated with IvIg. The therapeutic choice depended on contraindications, socioeconomic considerations, patient choice, and availability of treatment. The clinical and paraclinical evaluations of the two groups were statistically comparable, including factors that may influence the prognosis (p > 0.05). The efficacy of IvIg and SVP did not show a statistically significant difference except for a longer neurology department stay with plasmapheresis (p < 0.001). This efficacy is evaluated by the evolution of the Hughes and MRC sum scores one month after treatment, length of hospital stay, use of mechanical ventilation and its duration, and mortality rate.

Conclusion
The results selected further encourage the use of SVP because of its efficacy and safety, which are comparable to those of IvIg. And the review of the literature confirms our recommendations.
Craniofacial anthropometric measurements of the cohort of Egyptian male school children and their utility in detection of abnormalities
Authors: Elhadidi Sahar Mostafa , Hassan Mohamed Ossama , Soliman Nadia Lashin , Abouel-Ezz Eman Hassan , ElBatran Mona Mahmoud , El-Kamah Ghada Y. , Amr Khalda Sayed 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
Anthropology is a scientific discipline which applies scientific methods to identify and quantitate inter-individual variations in body structure and function. Anthropometry assesses craniofacial dysmorphology in genetic disorders and helps to detect phenotypic differences in diseases with common underlying cause. This study is part of a comprehensive cross-sectional study of craniofacial and oral findings in Egyptian school children. This paper focused on establishing the norms of Egyptian male school children and its utility in determining the differences in facial measurements of a child with Prader–Willi syndrome (PWS). Thirty craniofacial measurements were taken from 55 healthy Egyptian school children aged 12–14 years with mean age $$13\pm 0.64$$

13
±
0.64

and a PWS child aged 13.6 years. The PWS measurements were compared with healthy children of the same age using computed Z-score.

Results
Morphological face height of the PWS child was within the normal range. However, upper face height and nose height were significantly lower with Z-scores of $$-$$
-
3.18 and $$-$$
-
2.7, respectively; right and left mandibular body length and upper lip height were significantly higher than the mean of healthy children with corresponding Z-scores of 2.95, 2.48, and 2.33.

Conclusions
By establishing the norms of Egyptian male school children and utilizing these data, we can identify the difference in facial measurements among children with abnormalities like PWS. This information can be used during periodic checkups as a simple, non-invasive, and economical method for the detection of these abnormalities.
Controlled circular dichroism with graphene-based metamaterial for terahertz wave
Authors: Jalal Abdul , Qasim Muhammad , Qureshi Ubaid Ur Rahman , Hu Bin 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This article explores the design and analysis of a metal-graphene hybrid metamaterial structure tailored for tunable circular dichroism (CD) effects in the terahertz (THz) frequency regime. Chiral metamaterials have garnered considerable interest in photonics due to their versatile applications, including sensing, polarization manipulation, and chiral imaging. The proposed metamaterial unit cell features four meta-atoms with C4 rotational symmetry, composed of gold on a polyimide substrate. By strategically integrating the graphene sheets above the gold patterns, selective control over the absorption efficiency for the incident wave of left-handed circularly polarized (LCP) and right-handed circularly polarized (RCP) light is achieved. The study demonstrates that adjusting graphene chemical potential enables precise modulation of CD from 0.80 to 0.10 across a wide THz frequency spectrum. Furthermore, the article investigates the structure optical response for incident angles ranging up to 75°, revealing stable CD behavior up to 30° and intriguing dual-band effects beyond 50°. These findings underscore the potential of the proposed metamaterial for practical applications in photonics, sensing, and chiral imaging, offering tunable control over the CD effects in the THz regime.
Scarred Flesh and the X of Law
Authors: Hall Chris 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This essay responds to and expands the concept of the X for trans studies, theorized by Marquis Bey, as a graphic tool for thinking the intersection of gender, race, law, and crime. In doing so, the essay reads Howard Hawks's 1932 film Scarface, a work crossed throughout by the symbology of the X. Rather than providing a simple visual cue for death and closure, the X is vitalized, through a reading of Bey and Scarface together, as the (un)graphing of law that both inscribes and defaces the biopolitical state, which predicates itself on legislating the difference between genders, races, species, spaces, and criminals and law enforcement. The essay thereby moves toward a criminal reading of the Law, in which it becomes possible to see how the state's apparatus betrays its populous and itself, and to sketch out a vision of pluralized life otherwise, figured in the transgressions of a film in which crime becomes law, law becomes crime, and the riotously raced and gendered protagonist weave together the terms that the biopolitical state desperately attempts to hold apart.
Lulu “Works the Trapeze”
Authors: Walker Adin 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This article is a historical analysis of two nineteenth-century aerialists: Lulu, a cross-gender performer who went on to become a prolific photographer, and Zazel, who is said to be the first performer shot from a cannon. Working with image-based posters, audience accounts, and a document by E. K. Stimson (ca. 1885) narrativizing Lulu's life up until the age of thirty, this article employs film theory as well as queer and transgender historiography to develop two interconnecting arguments: first, the aerial apparatus during the late nineteenth century is a critical tool for teaching audiences how to perceive a body, thereby facilitating the movement of a body into the grammar of a sex/gender system. Second, with these aerial apparatuses testing the boundaries of gravity, space, and time, the aerialist Lulu specifically tested the boundaries of a sex/gender system to create a spectacle of gender multiplicity rather than merely an exploitation of femininity. This article offers the notion that aerial arts stage the art of the precipice—the art of not quite falling, yet not quite flying—and concludes by suggesting that looking toward other performances of the precipice is useful for further work in queer and transgender historiography.
The Failure of Cis Feminism
Authors: Tudisco Jordan J. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Faced with the proliferation of TERF rhetoric outside academia, this article proposes a case study of an anti-trans, anti-gender, anti–sex work graduate student at a progressive American institution to challenge feminism to address the ways in which it is providing a space of unchallenging silence for TERF views to remain a nonissue and receive academic support and accreditation. An examination of this specific student highlights a narrative of radicalization occurring during her studies at the university. A challenge for cis feminists to self-reflect and step up, this article argues that cis feminism has for now failed to address the transphobia in its midst, thus forcing trans students and scholars to lose faith in feminism and to find care and support elsewhere.
Cross-species modeling of muscular dystrophy in Caenorhabditis elegans using patient-derived extracellular vesicles
Authors: Shalash Rewayd , Levi-Ferber Mor , Cohen Coral , Dori Amir , Brodie Chaya , Henis-Korenblit Sivan 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
Reliable disease models are critical for medicine advancement. Here, we established a versatile human disease model system using patient-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs), which transfer a pathology-inducing cargo from a patient to a recipient naïve model organism. As a proof of principle, we applied EVs from the serum of patients with muscular dystrophy to Caenorhabditis elegans and demonstrated their capability to induce a spectrum of muscle pathologies, including lifespan shortening and robust impairment of muscle organization and function. This demonstrates that patient-derived EVs can deliver disease-relevant pathologies between species and can be exploited for establishing novel and personalized models of human disease. Such models can potentially be used for disease diagnosis, prognosis, analyzing treatment responses, drug screening and identification of the disease-transmitting cargo of patient-derived EVs and their cellular targets. This system complements traditional genetic disease models and enables modeling of multifactorial diseases and of those not yet associated with specific genetic mutations.
Assessing the predictive validity of Provincial Medical & Dental College Admission Test (MDCAT)
Authors: Rahim Saira , Arooj Mahwish 
Published: March 2024

Objective: To assess the predictive validity of Punjab Provincial Medical & Dental College Admission Test (MDCAT).
Methods: A retrospective correlational study was conducted at the Fatima Memorial Hospital College of Medicine & Dentistry in Lahore, Pakistan. Data were analysed from 415 medical students who had completed the MBBS program from 2018-2020. Bivariate and multivariable regression models were used to adjust for confounders such as age, gender, city of origin, and pre-medical performance. A novel performance-trajectory analysis was used to evaluate whether students with different preadmission MDCAT scores had different performance trajectories in medical school.
Results: On simple bivariate analysis, there was a weak but significant (correlational coefficient 0.22-0.33, p<0.001) correlation between MDCAT scores and professional exam scores for all years of medical college. However, multivariable analysis of Matric/Fsc track showed no significant correlation (p > 0.05) between MDCAT and professional exam scores after the first two years. For O/A level students, there was no correlation between MDCAT and professional exam scores for any year of medical college (p>0.05). Trajectory analysis showed that students with exceptionally high MDCAT scores had a superior performance trajectory compared to those with the lowest quartile of MDCAT scores while students with average MDCAT scores had overlapping performance trajectories.
Conclusion: For students from the Matric/FSc track only, there is a weak but significant correlation between MDCAT scores and professional exam scores for the first two years. No such correlation exists for O/A level students. Exceptionally high MDCAT scores are predictive of higher achievement in professional exam scores.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.5.7766
How to cite this: Rahim S, Arooj M. Assessing the predictive validity of Provincial Medical & Dental College Admission Test (MDCAT). Pak J Med Sci. 2024;40(5):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.5.7766
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Práticas de Leituras Compartilhadas em Tempos de Pandemia
Authors: Coutinho Eliane Cristina Ferreira de Oliveira , Mota Márcia Maria Peruzzi Elia da , Silva Carmen Lucia Martins da , Andrade Marcos Antônio Ribeiro 
Published: March 2024

A leitura compartilhada de livros é uma atividade usual em aulas de crianças pequenas e está relacionada com a expansão do vocabulário nos iniciantes escolares. Estudos demonstram que a forma como os adultos realizam a leitura afeta a expansão do vocabulário. O objetivo deste estudo foi observar as práticas de leitura compartilhada de professoras nas aulas remotas, durante a pandemia, quanto ao trabalho com o vocabulário. Participaram deste estudo nove professoras e seus alunos de cinco e seis anos de idade, matriculados em quatro escolas particulares. Para a coleta de dados, foram utilizados cinco livros de histórias infantis e um questionário sociodemográfico. As 45 sessões de leitura foram gravadas e transcritas. Todas as perguntas feitas pelas professoras foram computadas e depois classificadas em dois grupos: perguntas que promoviam expansão do vocabulário e as que não promoviam. Os resultados encontrados mostraram que apenas 37% das perguntas formuladas pelas professoras foram feitas para desenvolver o vocabulário (χ² =162, 0 [1], p< 0,001), sugerindo pouca interação no sentido de expandir o vocabulário das crianças. Esperamos levantar questões sobre como as professoras têm trabalhado com os livros de história e ajudar na elaboração de estratégias para desenvolver o vocabulário das crianças.
Wavelength-polarization-multiplexed multichannel perfect vortex array generator based on dielectric metasurface
Authors: Wu Yuanyang , Xu Ping , Sun Yiling , Yang Tuo , Huang Haixuan , Zhang Xulin , Wang Mengyu , Li Xiongchao , Xiao Yufei , Xu Haidong , Geng Shuai , Li Hongguang , Di Yutong 
Published: March 2024

The multi-channel perfect vortex (PV) array based on metasurface has important applications in optical communication, particle manipulation, quantum optics, and other fields due to its ultra-thin structure and excellent wavefront control ability. However, it is very challenging to utilize a single metasurface to simultaneously achieve independent channel PV arrays at different wavelengths with low crosstalk and low structural complexity. Here, we propose and design a single rectangular structured metasurface based on TiO2, achieving a multi-channel PV beam array with dual-wavelength and dual-polarization multiplexing. Simulation and experimental results show that when two orthogonal linearly polarized beams with wavelengths of 532 nm and 633 nm are incident on the metasurface, clear PV arrays with corresponding topological charge arrangements can be obtained in different diffraction regions of the same observation plane. The metasurface proposed in this article can enhance the channel capacity of a PV beam array through wavelength-polarization-multiplexing, thus having important application potential in spatial information transmission, high-dimensional information storage, and secure information encryption.
Interpretable machine learning-based individual analysis of acute kidney injury in immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy
Authors: Sakuragi Minoru , Uchino Eiichiro , Sato Noriaki , Matsubara Takeshi , Ueda Akihiko , Mineharu Yohei , Kojima Ryosuke , Yanagita Motoko , Okuno Yasushi 
Published: March 2024

Background
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a critical complication of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy. Since the etiology of AKI in patients undergoing cancer therapy varies, clarifying underlying causes in individual cases is critical for optimal cancer treatment. Although it is essential to individually analyze immune checkpoint inhibitor-treated patients for underlying pathologies for each AKI episode, these analyses have not been realized. Herein, we aimed to individually clarify the underlying causes of AKI in immune checkpoint inhibitor-treated patients using a new clustering approach with Shapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP).

Methods
We developed a gradient-boosting decision tree-based machine learning model continuously predicting AKI within 7 days, using the medical records of 616 immune checkpoint inhibitor-treated patients. The temporal changes in individual predictive reasoning in AKI prediction models represented the key features contributing to each AKI prediction and clustered AKI patients based on the features with high predictive contribution quantified in time series by SHAP. We searched for common clinical backgrounds of AKI patients in each cluster, compared with annotation by three nephrologists.

Results
One hundred and twelve patients (18.2%) had at least one AKI episode. They were clustered per the key feature, and their SHAP value patterns, and the nephrologists assessed the clusters’ clinical relevance. Receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed that the area under the curve was 0.880. Patients with AKI were categorized into four clusters with significant prognostic differences (p = 0.010). The leading causes of AKI for each cluster, such as hypovolemia, drug-related, and cancer cachexia, were all clinically interpretable, which conventional approaches cannot obtain.

Conclusion
Our results suggest that the clustering method of individual predictive reasoning in machine learning models can be applied to infer clinically critical factors for developing each episode of AKI among patients with multiple AKI risk factors, such as immune checkpoint inhibitor-treated patients.
Examination of the structural components of the Abilitator–A self-report questionnaire on work ability and functioning aimed at the population in a weak labour market position
Authors: Wikström Miia , Kouvonen Anne , Remes Jouko , Törnroos Kaisa , Joensuu Matti 
Published: March 2024

Objectives
According to the Consensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) panel, structural validity describes how well Patient-Reported Outcome Measures’ (PROM) scores reflect the dimensions of the measured construct. The main purpose of this study was to examine the structural components of the Abilitator, a co-developed self-report questionnaire on work ability and functioning for the population in a weak labour market position.

Methods
We examined to what extent the Abilitator has reflective and formative elements in its five summary scales: “C. Inclusion”, “D. Mind”, “E. Everyday life”, “F. Skills”, and “G. Body”. The Abilitator data sample (n = 4555, men 51%, mean age 37 years) was collected in 2017–2022 by the Finnish Institute of Occupational Health in cooperation with the European Social Fund Priority 5 projects in which the participants have multiple challenges to gain employment. For the structural components and validity analysis we implemented both Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA).

Results
Based on the COSMIN criteria for structural validity, the Abilitator reached approximate model fit with CFA when we analysed the different concepts of the questionnaire separately rather than in one unified model. An exception was “E. Everyday life” which was a formative summary scale, and it did not reach approximate fit. EFA showed that the items in the Abilitator’s summary scales loaded on ten factors.

Conclusions
The Abilitator had both reflective and formative elements in its structure. It reached structural validity in those separate concepts that were based on a reflective model. This study revealed interesting connections between different aspects of the Abilitator and produced valuable information for further modification of the questionnaire.
A Primer for Teaching Pacific Histories: Ten Design Principles, Matt K. Matsuda (2020)
Authors: D’Arcy Paul 
Published: March 2024

Review of: A Primer for Teaching Pacific Histories: Ten Design Principles, Matt K. Matsuda (2020)
Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 172 pp.,
ISBN 978 1 47800 847 7 (pbk), US$24.95
Dressed: Fashionable Dress in Aotearoa New Zealand 1840 to 1910, Claire Regnault (2021)
Authors: Waldroup Heather 
Published: March 2024

Review of: Dressed: Fashionable Dress in Aotearoa New Zealand 1840 to 1910, Claire Regnault (2021)
Wellington: Te Papa Press, 456 pp.,
ISBN 978 0 99414 606 9 (hbk), NZ$70.00
Navigating Chamoru Poetry: Indigeneity, Aesthetics, and Decolonization, Craig Santos Perez (2021)
Authors: Valle Paola Della 
Published: March 2024

Review of: Navigating Chamoru Poetry: Indigeneity, Aesthetics, and Decolonization, Craig Santos Perez (2021)
Tuscon, AZ: University of Arizona Press, 254 pp.,
ISBN 978 0 81653 550 7 (pbk), US$35
No Other Place to Stand: An Anthology of Climate Change Poetry from Aotearoa New Zealand, Jordan Hamel, Rebecca Hawkes, Erik Kennedy and Essa Ranapiri (2022)
Authors: Valle Paola Della 
Published: March 2024

Review of: No Other Place to Stand: An Anthology of Climate Change Poetry from Aotearoa New Zealand, Jordan Hamel, Rebecca Hawkes, Erik Kennedy and Essa Ranapiri (2022)
Auckland: Auckland University Press, 220 pp.,
ISBN 978 1 86940 955 5 (pbk), NZ$29.99
Ukrepi za preprečevanje padcev pri starejših odraslih v domačem okolju
Authors: Juder Gregor , Jančič Aleksandra , Kegl Barbara 
Published: March 2024

Uvod: Diplomirana medicinska sestra v patronažni dejavnosti opravlja oceno tveganja za padce pri starejših odraslih in svetuje o ustreznih ukrepih za preprečevanje padcev doma. Namen raziskave je bil raziskati najučinkovitejše ukrepe za preprečevanje padcev in najpogostejše dejavnike tveganja za padce v domačem okolju.Metode:: Izveden je bil pregled znanstvene literature v podatkovnih bazah PubMed, Science Direct in SAGE s kvalitativno vsebinsko analizo in sintezo. Iskanje literature je potekalo od aprila do oktobra 2019. Za prikaz poteka pregleda literature smo uporabili priporočila PRISMA.Rezultati: Izmed 347 zadetkov je bilo v končno analizo vključenih 11 izvirnih znanstvenih člankov in pregledov literature. En članek smo razvrstili v nivo 1, deset pa v nivo 4. Identificirane so bile glavna kategorija »padci pri starejših odraslih« in tri podkategorije: »pogostost padcev«, »dejavniki tveganja« in »ukrepi za preprečevanje padcev«. Pri odraslih, starejših od 65 let, smo ugotovili veliko dejavnikov, ki prispevajo k večjemu tveganju za padce, ter tudi učinkovite ukrepe za preprečevanje padcev v domačem okolju.Diskusija in zaključek: Padci imajo lahko zdravstvene, socialne in ekonomske posledice na ljudi in družbo, zato je na tem področju še veliko možnosti za raziskovanje. Dobro poznavanje dejavnikov tveganja in ukrepov za preprečevanje padcev je za diplomirano medicinsko sestro v patronažni dejavnosti izredno pomembno, saj je taka obravnava kakovostna, celostna in varna. Raziskava prispeva k izboljševanju klinične prakse pri delu s starejšimi odraslimi v domačem okolju.