bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PhisNet: Deep learning-based Hybrid and Ensemble Multi-level Approach for the detection of phishing websites
Authors: Soni Jayesh , Prabakar Nagarajan , Upadhyay Himanshu 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Phishing is a cyber-attack that intends to trick individuals into providing an attacker with sensitive information, such as login authorizations or business information. One tactic that attackers use is creating fake websites that mimic legitimate ones to fool victims into entering their information. A learning-based model can be used to analyze patterns in website content, structure, behavior, email text, sender, and links. These models can help identify phishing attempts and protect individuals and organizations from falling victim to these scams. In this research, we study and experiment with the deep learning-based algorithm in classifying phishing webpages from legitimate webpages that can be generalized across multiple domains. We used the open-source benchmark dataset, "Phishing Dataset for Machine Learning," available on Kaggle. We propose a hybrid and a multi-level ensemble approach for phishing website detection. Several one-class classifiers are trained on the first level, and the Variational Autoencoder (VAE) is used to reduce the size of feature vectors. Each one class classifiers have its own strength and limitations, and thus an adaptive weightage approach is applied. At the second level, a multilayer neural network is trained for classification. Further, the training time is reduced due to feature reduction in the latent space. Our experimental results classify phishing websites from legitimate websites with 98% accuracy.
The transition of the magma plumbing system of Tianchi shield-forming basalts, Changbaishan Volcanic Field, NE China: Constraints from dynamic Fe-Mg diffusion modeling in olivine
Authors: Tian Ye , Hou Tong , Wang Meng , Pan Ronghao , Wang Xudong , Marxer Felix 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The depths of crustal reservoirs within volcanic systems may experience transitions over time. Here, we report the crystal and bulk rock compositions of the shield-forming basaltic lavas of the Tianchi composite volcano in the intraplate Changbaishan Volcanic Field, NE China, to constrain crustal magmatic evolution with time. We investigated samples covering the entire basaltic stratigraphic sequence, consisting of the Toudao (TD), Baishan (BS), and Laofangzixiaoshan (LFZ) units from bottom to top, respectively. The core compositions of olivine macrocrysts vary among the three units, i.e., the TD and BS olivine phenocrysts can be divided into two populations: a high-Fo population (∼Fo76–80) and a low-Fo population (∼Fo72–74). The LFZ unit only exhibits a high-Fo population (∼Fo77–80). Phase equilibria modeling using rhyolite-MELTS suggests that the high-Fo populations were stored at depths of ∼20 km for the TD and BS units and ∼15 km for the LFZ unit. The low-Fo populations crystallized at shallow depths, i.e., ≤15 km for the TD unit and ≤13 km for the BS unit.
We employ dynamic Fe-Mg interdiffusion modeling with constantly adapting boundary conditions in zoned olivine macrocrysts to constrain the magmatic environments and timescales during the pre- and post-eruption phases, enabling us to clarify the magmatic histories recorded by the two olivine populations. The dynamic Fe-Mg interdiffusion modeling considers the variable boundary conditions caused by crystal growth and composition variations of melts during magma cooling. Calculated results suggest that the high-Fo populations from the TD and BS units recorded prolonged timescales ranging from six months to more than two years with lower cooling rates and slower crystal growth rates. These characteristics reflect a relatively hot and slow-cooling magmatic environment, and the modeled timescales correspond to the sum of the time, including shallow storage, magma ascent, and further cooling within the lava flows. Conversely, the high-Fo population from the LFZ unit and the low-Fo populations from the TD and BS units record shorter timescales (&lt;140 days) with higher cooling rates and faster crystal growth rates. These results indicate relatively cold and highly undercooled magmatic environments; hence, the timescales record magma ascent in the conduits and further cooling during lava emplacement. Our study demonstrates that the Tianchi basaltic plumbing system experienced a structural transition over time. In detail, the TD and BS magmas experienced multi-stage stalling and ascent, first accumulating in deep reservoirs and then ascending to shallow reservoirs for storage before the eruption. The LFZ magmas accumulated in a mid-crustal reservoir, followed by a direct ascent to the surface without additional residence.
Burst detection in district metering areas using flow subsequences clustering–reconstruction analysis
Authors: Zhao Mengke , Liu Haixing , Li Gengyan , Zhang Chi 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Frequent burst events in water distribution systems cause severe water loss and other environmental issues such as contamination and carbon emissions. The availability of massive monitored data has facilitated the development of data-driven burst detection methods. This paper proposes the flow subsequences clustering–reconstruction analysis method for burst detection in district metering areas (DMAs). The sliding window is used to create flow subsequence libraries for all time points of a day using a historical data set and thereafter the clustering–reconstruction analysis is conducted to obtain flow pattern libraries and reconstruction error subsequences. The threshold vector is determined by the detection matrix extracted from the reconstruction error subsequences at each time point. At the detection stage, the new flow subsequence is created and its reconstruction version is obtained based on the flow pattern library at the same time point. The new detection vector is extracted and compared with the threshold vector to identify bursts. The proposed method is applied to two real-world DMAs and its detection performance is demonstrated and compared with two previous methods. The proposed method is proven to be effective in detecting burst events with fewer false alarms.
Assessing IGS Network and Free Web-based Online GPS Services Accuracy with Session-duration Variation
Authors: Ghollam Mohammed M.A. , Fawaz Essam M. , Elshewy Mohamed A. , Mohamed Mostafa H. A. 
Published: April 2024

Background
The objective of this research was to evaluate online Post-Processing Services (PPSs) and Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) software in order to determine the significance of space geodesy techniques in assessing accurate coordinates for mega projects worldwide.

Methods
Principally, literature in the field of space geodesy techniques was assembled and scrutinized. Trimble R4 was utilized to observe 4 ground surfaces (i.e., asphalt, grass, sand and concrete), in Al-Azhar University, throughout 5 Session-Durations “SD” (i.e., 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 hr.). The observed results were processed by TBC (i.e., It utilizes the International GNSS Service “IGS” network) and by 3 online services (i.e., Trimble Center Point RTX, AUSPOS and CSRS-PPP). Results were obtained, contrasted, and analyzed.

Results
The IGS results were compared in terms of SD, where it was clear that, regardless of surface type, SD has an insignificant influence on Easting, as Northing, but has an influence on elevation accuracy, especially for the 2hr-SD. In addition, the 3 online software services were contrasted against IGS results in terms of the different SDs, where it was clear that, regardless of the surface type, AUSPOS, CSRS-PPP and Trimble-RTX accuracies were arranged in ascending order, the 3hr-SD achieved accurate Easting so as Northing; while IGS 5hr-SD provided optimal elevation accuracy.

Conclusion
Accordingly, the research recommended that GNSS users make informed decisions according to the accuracy requirements due to time constraints while establishing data processing strategies to designate strengths and weaknesses of processing and to optimize GNSS data processing applications.
Study on the Interaction Mechanism of Segments in the Stratum of TBM Tunnels Undercrossing Existing Buildings
Authors: Dapeng Liu , Ke Wu , Wenbin Xu , Zhongyu Dou , Zhenhua Liu , Jie Sun 
Published: April 2024

Introduction
Surface settlement caused by tunnel excavation is an inevitable phenomenon in urban subway tunnel construction, which may cause irreversible damage to the ground roads, buildings, etc., if not controlled. Therefore, reasonable prediction and control of surface settlement are essential to ensure the safety and efficiency of tunnel construction.

Methods
Based on the numerical analysis method, this paper establishes a three-dimensional mechanical calculation model of a TBM tunnel (diameter 6 m) crossing existing buildings (4-story frame structure) and studies the influence law of tunnel excavation on stratum deformation and segment stress.

Results
The results show that (1) the stress and displacement of the segments vary with the position, and the segments under the building are most affected by the building, whose vertical stress is much greater than the horizontal stress. (2) The vertical displacement of the segments is the largest at the vault and arch bottom and increases with the segments approaching the building, while the horizontal displacement is the largest at the arch waist and shows negative values along the tunnel axis. (3) When the tunnel is excavated to a distance of one tunnel diameter from the building, the building will be affected. If the stratum is unstable, it may cause the collapse of the excavation face or surface settlement, which may result in building inclination, cracking or uneven settlement.

Conclusion
The research results of this paper can provide a reference for the construction parameter optimization and risk control of TBM tunnel crossing existing buildings.
Intraoral Retrieval of a Displaced Impacted Lower Third Molar into Submandibular Space: A Case Report
Authors: Khalil Abdulkarim , Nohily Yamen , Mohammed Adham , Albash Ziad 
Published: April 2024

Background
The displacement of the impacted lower third molar into Submandibular Space is a rare complication during impaction surgery. Removal of a displaced impacted molar from the submandibular space can be complicated by poor visibility and limited accessibility.

Objective
This study aimed to evaluate the intraoral approach in the retrieval of displaced impacted lower molar into submandibular space.

Case Presentation
The present case is of a 50-year-old male patient who underwent a surgical procedure to extract the impacted lower third molar about a month ago, which led to its displacement into the submandibular space. The location and angulation of the molar were determined through radiographic examination using panoramic imaging and computed tomography. The displaced molar was retrieved surgically under general anesthesia using the intraoral approach. The patient was followed-up for 1 month regularly. The postoperative symptoms were limited, including pain, swelling, and trismus. No numbness was observed in the tongue.

Conclusion
We concluded that the intraoral approach was a conservative and effective option for retrieval of displaced impacted mandibular third molars into submandibular space.
Pathological Mandible Fracture Resulting from Osteomyelitis after Third Molar Removal: A Case Study
Authors: Soares Pereira Rebeca Valeska , Amorim Gomes Ana Claudia , de Sousa Andrade Clenia Emanuela , Uchôa Caio Pimenteira , da Silva Oliveira Nadja Maria , da Cunha Filho Fernando Antônio Portela , de Souza Andrade Emanuel Savio 
Published: April 2024

Objective
The study aimed to report a case of late mandibular fracture after osteomyelitis associated with post-extraction trauma of an impacted third molar.

Case Report
A male patient, 48 years old, sought oral and maxillofacial surgery service after 2 months of extraction with edema on the left side of the face, limited mouth opening, and spontaneous pain. The tomographic examination showed an area of bone resorption at a mandibular angle starting from the alveolus region of the tooth 38. Associating the clinical and imaging characteristics, the diagnosis of osteomyelitis was established. The patient became well due to the drug treatment and did not present any more complaints. Within 12 months after the extraction, the patient returned to the service with a new increase in volume, in the posterior region of the mandible, with mandibular mobility under manipulation, as well as signs of infection. A new CT showed the presence of a pathological fracture in the region, requiring a surgical approach for local debridement and fracture repair with the use of a reconstruction plate.

Conclusion
The case presented is an uncommon late postoperative complication after third molar extraction, which demonstrates the importance of monitoring the patient with osteomyelitis, in order to avoid worsening bone involvement and consequent pathological fracture.
Mesenchymal Stem Cells for the Treatment of Patients with COVID-19 Severe/Critical Category: A Review
Authors: Pramanti Arsenila D. , Barliana Melisa I. , Lestari Keri 
Published: April 2024

COVID-19 has developed into a public health emergency of international concern and is a major threat to global health. Several studies have been conducted with the aim of dampening the inflammatory response in COVID-19 patients. To dampen the cytokine storm, some therapies immunotargeting IL-1, IL-2, IL-6, and TNFα are being evaluated and one of the promising immune modulators is mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). MSCs have the beneficial effect of preventing or attenuating cytokine storms by secreting potent anti-inflammatory factors and addressing the severity of the COVID-19 infection.

This study examines the mesenchymal stem cells for the treatment of patients with COVID-19 severe/critical category.
This literature review outlines the therapeutic effectiveness of MSCs in the treatment of COVID-19 in the critically ill patient category.
Several research showed that the administration of MSC therapy in COVID-19 patients has significant clinical improvement results, normalized the vital signs of patients, reduced the severity and reduced mortality. In addition, overall treatment with MCS did not cause side effects.
Prevalent Clinical Assessments of HIV Positive Infants in a South African District Hospital
Authors: Ngoyi Kavofuku , Hlabyago Kefilwe , Ogunbanjo Gboyega , Steyn Carien , Bongongo Tombo 
Published: April 2024

Background
HIV/Aids continues to be a major factor in the morbidity and mortality of children in South Africa. Despite the implementation of new guidelines to lower mother-to-child transmission in the country, some infants are admitted to hospitals undetected and or in alarming conditions.

Aim
To determine the most prevalent clinical assessments of HIV-positive infants admitted at Odi District Hospital, South Africa.

Methods
This was a cross-sectional study based on a retrospective records review of all HIV-positive infants admitted at Odi District Hospital in Pretoria from the 1st January 2010 to 31st December 2012.

Results
Only 10.2% of the 962 files of infants admitted to Odi Hospital were HIV-positive infants, with the majority (58.2%) in the 7–12-month age range and a high admission rate (57.1%) for males. Twenty-five percent of infants had a diagnosis prior to admission. There were 44.9% lower respiratory tract infections, 25.5% malnutrition and failure to thrive, 2.4% gastroenteritis, 2% meningitis, 2% febrile convulsions, and other diseases like encephalopathy and dehydration.

Conclusion
The current study has presented lower respiratory tract infection as the most prevalent clinical assessment and cause of morbidity among HIV-positive infants admitted at Odi District Hospital in Pretoria, South Africa. In order to provide a comprehensive view of the issue, additional studies with large sample sizes are advised.

What This Study Adds
The study presents the prevalence of associated clinical conditions among infants with HIV/AIDS, listed in descending order at a South African district level of care.
Perceptions of Medication Adherence among Elderly Patients with Hypertension in Bangkok: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Kongsa Apichaya , Thongsri Praleena , Chiangkhong Araya , Chongjarearn Angkana 
Published: April 2024

Background
Hypertension, a major global health issue associated with cardiovascular diseases, requires effective management, primarily through medication adherence. This study, conducted in a culturally diverse city, Bangkok, investigated elderly hypertensive patients' perceptions and adherence behaviors.

Objective
The study aimed to explore the nuanced perceptions and experiences influencing medication adherence among elderly hypertensive patients in Bangkok.

Methods
A qualitative approach was adopted for this study, involving detailed interviews with 25 elderly Thai individuals diagnosed with hypertension. Data were gathered over a six-month timeframe. Thematic content analysis was employed to deeply analyze the individuals’ experiences and perceptions, aiming for a richer understanding.

Results
Four primary themes emerged regarding participants' views on hypertension medication. The first theme centered on apprehensions about the long-term use of medication, particularly fears of liver and kidney damage affecting adherence. The second theme highlighted a preference for traditional remedies, like moringa, ginger, and garlic over standard pharmaceuticals, with limited discussion with healthcare providers. The third theme tackled myths surrounding hypertensive medication, such as misconceptions about drug interchangeability and the chronic nature of the condition. The final theme focused on beliefs about the recurrent or untreatable nature of hypertension, leading some to favor lifestyle modifications over regular medication use.

Conclusion
This study sheds light on the complex factors affecting medication adherence in elderly hypertensive patients in Bangkok, emphasizing the need for culturally sensitive, patient-centered interventions. It advocates for holistic hypertension management that considers patient perspectives and cultural context to improve outcomes.
Assessment of a Pilot Program for Remote Support on Mental Health for Young Physicians in Rural Settings in Peru: Mixed Methods Study
Authors: De la Cruz-Torralva Kelly , Escobar-Agreda Stefan , Riega López Pedro , Amaro James , Reategui-Rivera C Mahony , Rojas-Mezarina Leonardo 
Published: April 2024

Background
Telemedicine-based interventions show promise in addressing mental health issues among rural populations, yet evidence regarding their impact among the health care workforce in these contexts remains limited.

Objective
This study aimed to evaluate the characteristics and the responses and perceptions of recently graduated physicians who work in rural areas of Peru as part of the Servicio Rural Urbano Marginal en Salud (Rural-Urban Marginal Health Service [SERUMS], in Spanish) toward a telehealth intervention to provide remote orientation and accompaniment in mental health.

Methods
A mixed methods study was carried out involving physicians who graduated from the Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos and participated in the Mental Health Accompaniment Program (MHAP) from August 2022 to February 2023. This program included the assessment of mental health conditions via online forms, the dissemination of informational materials through a website, and, for those with moderate or high levels of mental health issues, the provision of personalized follow-up by trained personnel. Quantitative analysis explored the mental health issues identified among physicians, while qualitative analysis, using semistructured interviews, examined their perceptions of the services provided.

Results
Of 75 physicians initially enrolled to the MHAP, 30 (41.6%) opted to undergo assessment and use the services. The average age of the participants was 26.8 (SD 1.9) years, with 17 (56.7%) being female. About 11 (36.7%) reported have current or previous mental health issues, 17 (56.7%) indicating some level of depression, 14 (46.7%) indicated some level of anxiety, 5 (16.6%) presenting a suicidal risk, and 2 (6.7%) attempted suicide during the program. Physicians who did not use the program services reported a lack of advertising and related information, reliance on personal mental health resources, or neglect of symptoms. Those who used the program expressed a positive perception regarding the services, including evaluation and follow-up, although some faced challenges accessing the website.

Conclusions
The MHAP has been effective in identifying and managing mental health problems among SERUMS physicians in rural Peru, although it faced challenges related to access and participation. The importance of mental health interventions in this context is highlighted, with recommendations to improve accessibility and promote self-care among participants.
The Artificial Third: A Broad View of the Effects of Introducing Generative Artificial Intelligence on Psychotherapy
Authors: Haber Yuval , Levkovich Inbar , Hadar-Shoval Dorit , Elyoseph Zohar 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This paper explores a significant shift in the field of mental health in general and psychotherapy in particular following generative artificial intelligence’s new capabilities in processing and generating humanlike language. Following Freud, this lingo-technological development is conceptualized as the “fourth narcissistic blow” that science inflicts on humanity. We argue that this narcissistic blow has a potentially dramatic influence on perceptions of human society, interrelationships, and the self. We should, accordingly, expect dramatic changes in perceptions of the therapeutic act following the emergence of what we term the artificial third in the field of psychotherapy. The introduction of an artificial third marks a critical juncture, prompting us to ask the following important core questions that address two basic elements of critical thinking, namely, transparency and autonomy: (1) What is this new artificial presence in therapy relationships? (2) How does it reshape our perception of ourselves and our interpersonal dynamics? and (3) What remains of the irreplaceable human elements at the core of therapy? Given the ethical implications that arise from these questions, this paper proposes that the artificial third can be a valuable asset when applied with insight and ethical consideration, enhancing but not replacing the human touch in therapy.