bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trabecular Structure Quantified With the MRI-Based Virtual Bone Biopsy in Postmenopausal Women Contributes to Vertebral Deformity Burden Independent of Areal Vertebral BMD
Authors: Ladinsky Glenn A , Vasilic Branimir , Popescu Andra M , Wald Michael , Zemel Babette S , Snyder Peter J , Loh Louise , Song Hee Kwon , Saha Punam K , Wright Alexander C , Wehrli Felix W 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
In postmenopausal women with a wide range of vertebral deformities, MRI-based structural measures of topology and scale at the distal radius are shown to account for as much as 30% of vertebral deformity, independent of integral vertebral BMD.
Introduction: Trabecular bone architecture has been postulated to contribute to overall bone strength independent of vertebral BMD measured by DXA. However, there has thus far been only sparse in vivo evidence to support this hypothesis.
Materials and Methods: Postmenopausal women, 60-80 yr of age, were screened by DXA, and those with T-scores at either the hip or spine falling within the range of −2.5 ± 1.0 were studied with the MRI-based virtual bone biopsy, along with heel broadband ultrasound absorption and pQCT of the tibia. The data from 98 subjects meeting the enrollment criteria were subjected to νMRI at the distal tibia and radius, and measures of topology and scale of the trabecular bone network were computed. A spinal deformity index (SDI) was obtained from morphometric measurements in midline sagittal MR images of the thoracic and lumbar spine to evaluate associations between structure and deformity burden.
Results: A number of structural indices obtained at the distal radius were correlated with the SDI. Among these were the topological surface density (a measure of trabecular plates) and trabecular bone volume fraction, which were inversely correlated with SDI (p &lt; 0.0001). Combinations of two structural parameters accounted for up to 30% of the variation in SDI (p &lt; 0.0001) independent of spinal BMD, which was not significantly correlated. pQCT trabecular BMD was also weakly associated, whereas broadband ultrasound absorption was not. No significant association between SDI and structural indices were found at the tibia.
Conclusions: Structural measures at the distal radius obtained in vivo by νMRI explained a significant portion of the variation in total spinal deformity burden in postmenopausal women independent of areal BMD.
Comparison of Field Testing with Laboratory Testing of the Durability of Stone
Authors: Bortz S. A. , Powers Laura , Wonneberger Bernhard 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
Samples of three granites (Texas Pink, Mount Airy White, Academy Black), one marble (Carrara) and Indiana Limestone have been exposed to 11 years of natural weathering on the roof of a building in the Chicago area. Twice a year, the samples are visually reviewed. In addition, the changes in physical properties have been monitored using non-destructive test procedures for determination of the dynamic (sonic) modulus of elasticity. The sonic modulus measurements were recorded using procedures as outlined in ASTM C 215, “Standard Test Method for Fundamental Transverse, Longitudinal, and Torsional Frequencies of Concrete Specimens.” The sonic modulus measurements were compared to measurements of similar stone samples that were exposed to laboratory accelerated weathering testing. The exposed and protected surfaces have recently been examined petrographically, and the changes due to the natural weathering recorded. Based on this additional testing and evaluation, conclusions can be drawn which further indicate the use of accelerated weathering. Testing can effectively evaluate the long-term changes in the mechanical and physical properties of dimension stone when exposed to natural weathering.
An Experimental Study and a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Antisecretory Activity ofLactobacillus acidophilusStrain LB Against Nonrotavirus Diarrhea
Authors: Liévin-Le Moal Vanessa , Sarrazin-Davila Luis E. , Servin Alain L. 
Published: September 2007

OBJECTIVE. Previous studies have shown that selected strains of Lactobacillus have the capacity to antagonize rotavirus-induced diarrhea. However, only a few reports have documented their efficacy against nonrotavirus diarrhea. This study involved an experimental investigation and a clinical trial of the antisecretory activity of Lactobacillus acidophilus strain LB in the context of nonrotavirus diarrhea.METHODS. The activity of a culture of L acidophilus LB or of the lyophilized, heat-killed L acidophilus LB bacteria plus their spent culture medium was tested in inhibiting the formation of fluid-formed domes in cultured human intestinal Caco-2/TC7 cell monolayers infected with diarrheagenic, diffusely adhering Afa/Dr Escherichia coli C1845 bacteria. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial of male or female children who were 10 months of age and presented with nonrotavirus, well-established diarrhea was conducted to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of a pharmaceutical preparation that contains 10 billion heat-killed L acidophilus LB plus 160 mg of spent culture medium.RESULTS. Infection of the cells with C1845 bacteria that were treated with L acidophilus LB culture or the lyophilized, heat-killed L acidophilus LB bacteria plus their culture medium produced a dosage-dependent decrease in the number of fluid-formed domes as compared with cells that were infected with untreated C1845 bacteria. The clinical results show that in selected and controlled homogeneous groups of children with well-established, nonrotavirus diarrhea, adding lyophilized, heat-killed L acidophilus LB bacteria plus their culture medium to a solution of oral rehydration solution shortened by 1 day the recovery time (ie, the time until the first normal stool was passed) as compared with children who received placebo oral rehydration solution.CONCLUSIONS. Heat-killed L acidophilus LB plus its culture medium antagonizes the C1845-induced increase in paracellular permeability in intestinal Caco-2/TC7 cells and produces a clinically significant benefit in the management of children with nonrotavirus, well-established diarrhea.
Professionalism and the Match: A Pediatric Residency Program's Postinterview No-Call Policy and Its Impact on Applicants
Authors: Opel Douglas , Shugerman Richard , McPhillips Heather , Swanson Wendy Sue , Archibald Sarah , Diekema Douglas 
Published: September 2007

OBJECTIVE. The National Residency Matching Program allows match participants to recruit each other and try to influence future ranking decisions in their favor, but it also states that participants “must not make statements implying commitment.” The National Residency Matching Program cautions against statements such as, “We plan to rank you very highly on our list,” because they can be misinterpreted as an informal commitment. To avoid issues around miscommunication, the University of Washington Pediatric Residency Program instituted a postinterview no-call policy with applicants. The purpose of this study was to determine this policy's impact on applicants.
METHODS. A Web-based, anonymous survey was sent after the National Residency Matching Program deadline for submitting rank lists but before match day to applicants who interviewed at our program from 2003 to 2006. Applicants were asked whether our program's position on their rank list would have been influenced more favorably, less favorably, or not at all had they received a telephone call from our program.
RESULTS. The survey response rate was 53% (n = 468). A total of 10.3% (n = 48) of the applicants to our program would have been favorably influenced by a telephone call after their interview. Significantly more applicants reported that a recruiting call from our program would have caused them to rank our program more favorably in 2006 (17.2%) than in 2003–2005 combined (8.4%).
CONCLUSIONS. We identified a vulnerable applicant population whose rank lists are potentially influenced by questionable postinterview communication from residency programs. To protect the integrity and fairness of the match, we call for more explicit guidelines regarding postinterview communication with applicants.
Fear reactivity and effortful control in overt and relational bullying: a six‐month longitudinal study
Authors: Terranova Andrew M. , Morris Amanda Sheffield , Boxer Paul 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThis study examined the roles of fear reactivity and emotional regulatory abilities in overt and relational bullying behaviors. Survey data were collected from 124 middle school students (mean age=10.3 years, 47% males, 61% Caucasian) and their teachers in the fall and spring of a school year. Surveys included teacher‐ and self‐rated measures of students' overt and relational bullying along with self‐reported fear reactivity and effortful control. Findings show that low levels of fear reactivity and effortful control predict higher future levels of overt bullying, but not relational bullying. These results suggest that despite high correlations between overt and relational bullying, these two forms of aggression develop through different processes. The findings from this investigation are discussed with respect to their implications for theory on the development of aggression as well as prevention and intervention programming for youth aggression. Aggr. Behav. 34:104–115, 2008. ©2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Spectrophotometric Characterisation of Surface Lakewater Samples: Implications for the Quantification of Nitrate and the Properties of Dissolved Organic Matter
Authors: Minero Claudio , Lauri Vittorio , Falletti Gianpaolo , Maurino Valter , Pelizzetti Ezio , Vione Davide 
Published: September 2007

AbstractFiltered lakewater samples, mainly collected in the province of Torino (Piedmont, NW Italy) were characterised from a spectrophotometric point of view. Spectral data were then used for the direct determination of nitrate by three‐wavelength photometry, which should account for the spectral interference by dissolved organic matter (DOM), and the results compared with nitrate quantification by ion chromatography. The spectrophotometric method proved very suitable for nitrate measurement, with unity slope (μ±σ = 0.99±0.03) of the correlation plot (spectral vs. ion chromatography data) up to 0.1 mM nitrate, and with r2 = 0.97 for 26 data points. Lakewater spectra were also used for the characterisation of DOM bymeans of the specific absorption at 285 and 254 nm (absorbance vs. NPOC, the latter to quantify the DOM amount), and the E2/E3 and E3/E4 indexes. The latter two make only use of radiation absorption data (250 vs. 365 and 300 vs. 400 nm). It could be concluded that lakewater DOM is mainly composed of autochthonous material (biologically produced aliphatic compounds and only a minor fraction of aromatic groups), with generally low molecular weight and degree of aromaticity. Some exceptions could be found in high‐mountain lakes, but it should also be considered that NPOC measurement cannot be avoided if DOM origin is to be studied. From the absorption spectrum alone it is possible to get indication on the aromaticity degree of radiation‐absorbing DOM, but most of the autochthonous DOM would escape spectrophotometric characterisation.
The Degradation Products of Aniline in the Solutions with Ozone and Kinetic Investigations
Authors: Turhan Kadir , Uzman Suheyla 
Published: September 2007

AbstractAromatic compounds are extensively used in several industries and can cause pollution in water sources. This work aims at examining the degradability of aniline in aqueous solutions by ozone‐induced cleavage, and at determining the kinetics of the cited cleavage reactions. Aniline was prepared in four different concentrations and the flow rate of ozone supplied to each solution was selected. Aniline solutions were ozonated at low and high pH, so as to compare both molecular and hydroxyl free radical mechanisms, respectively. The main identified aromatic by‐products were nitrobenzene and azobenzene when the experiment was carried out at acidic pH. Formation of nitrobenzene, azobenzene, azoxybenzene and 2‐pyridine carboxylic acid (picolinic acid) was observed when the ozonization was carried out at basic pH. All the aromatic by‐products found were less toxic than the raw materials. The pseudo‐first‐order constants in aniline concentrations were calculated.
Oral and physiological paleohealth in cold adapted peoples: Northeast Asia, Hokkaido
Authors: Oxenham Marc F. , Matsumura Hirofumi 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThis paper examines variables useful in reconstructing oral (caries, antemortem tooth loss, alveolar defects) and physiological (cribra orbitalia, linear enamel hypoplasia) well‐being in two bioarchaeological assemblages from Hokkaido, Japan: Okhotsk (n=37 individuals) and Jomon (n=60). Findings are compared and contrasted with each other, with published series from Honshu Japan, and samples from climatically near‐equivalent Alaska. It was found that more meaningful comparisons of Hokkaido paleohealth could be made with Alaskan material, rather than the more southerly Jomon. Results were ambiguous with respect to physiological well‐being. Low levels of LEH in the cold‐adapted samples suggest operating in arctic and subarctic environments with marine‐based subsistence regimes is not physiologically expensive. However, the relatively high levels of cribra orbitalia in Hokkaido, relative to Alaska, suggest the picture is not straightforward: the reasons for elevated cribra orbitalia in Hokkaido are unclear. The subarctic and arctic samples formed three broadly similar groupings in terms of oral health profiles: (1) Aleuts and Eskimo; (2) Ipiutak and Tigara; (3) Hokkaido Jomon, Okhotsk, and Kodiak Island. Differences between these groupings could be explained with a combination of sample demographics and subsistence orientations. The extremely high frequency of caries in one sample, caribou hunting Ipiutak, may have been influenced by factors such as low levels of dietary magnesium and potentially cariogenic foodstuffs, such as preparations of caribou stomach contents. It was concluded that oral health profiles are potentially sensitive to differences in subsistence strategies among cold‐adapted hunter–gatherers, although they lack predictive value. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Trophy heads from Nawinpukio, Perú: Physical and chemical analysis of Huarpa‐era modified human remains
Authors: Finucane Brian Clifton 
Published: September 2007

AbstractRescue excavations at the site of Nawinpukio in Perú's Ayacucho Valley exposed a cache of fragmented skulls dating to the Huarpa‐era, about AD 400–700. Physical analysis of these remains revealed that they belonged to individuals of both sexes and a range of ages (MNI = 8), and that four crania had been modified through drilling, cutting, and scraping. The occipital and parietal bones of one cranium had been modified to form a shallow basin. Carbon stable isotope analysis of these remains revealed that five individuals had isotopic signatures consistent with maize consumption and one individual exhibited a carbon isotope value indicative of a C3 plant based diet. Such a nonmaize diet distinguishes this individual from all other prehistoric humans analyzed from the Ayacucho Valley and is consistent with an origin a different ecozone of the valley. On the basis of their physical properties it is argued that these remains represent trophies obtained during raiding. Drawing on the formal properties of the specimens as well as ethnographic and archaeological analogies, it is suggested that the cranial basin served as a vessel for liquid. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Impaired human hippocampal neurogenesis after treatment for central nervous system malignancies
Authors: Monje Michelle L. , Vogel Hannes , Masek Marilyn , Ligon Keith L. , Fisher Paul G. , Palmer Theo D. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe effects of cancer treatments such as cranial radiation and chemotherapy on human hippocampal neurogenesis remain unknown. In this study, we examine neuropathological markers of neurogenesis and inflammation in the human hippocampus after treatment for acute myelogenous leukemia or medulloblastoma. We demonstrate a persistent radiation‐induced microglial inflammation that is accompanied by nearly complete inhibition of neurogenesis after cancer treatment. These findings are consistent with preclinical animal studies and suggest potential therapeutic strategies. Ann Neurol 2007
Protecting biodegradable coatings releasing antimicrobial agents
Authors: Fay Fabienne , Linossier Isabelle , Langlois Valérie , Vallee‐Rehel Karine , Krasko Michal Y. , Domb Abraham J. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThis article describes the synthesis and in vitro analysis of poly(ester anhydride) antimicrobial protection coatings. Poly(ester anhydride)s composed of ricinoleic acid, sebacic acid, terephthalic acid, and isophthalic acid were used in this study. The polymers were compatible with various fillers commonly used in paint preparation. The in vitro experiments showed that the polymers are able to release diuron, an antimicrobial agent, for months. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007
Rheological, mechanical, and morphological studies of epoxy/poly(methyl methacrylate) semi‐interpenetrating polymer networks
Authors: Siddaramaiah  , Barcia Fábio L. , Sirqueira Alex S. , Paranhos Caio M. , Soares Bluma G. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractSemi‐interpenetrating polymer networks (semi‐IPNs) of epoxy resin and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) were synthesized. Methyl methacrylate (MMA) was polymerized by free radical mechanism with azo‐bis‐isobutyronitrile in the presence of oligomeric epoxy resin (DGEBA), and hexahydrophthalic anhydride as crosslinking agent. The gelation and vitrification transitions during cure/polymerization processes have been examined using parallel‐plates rheological technique. From differential scanning calorimetry and rheological techniques, it was suggested that both curing and polymerization processes occur simultaneously. However, the gelation time was longer for the semi‐IPN than those observed for the cure of pure DGEBA or polymerization of MMA. The gelation time increased significantly when 5% of MMA was employed, suggesting a diluent effect of the monomer. Higher amount of MMA resulted in a decrease of gel time, probably because of the simultaneous polymerization of MMA during the curing process. Structural examination of the semi‐IPNs, using scanning electron microscopy, revealed phase separation in nanoscale size for semi‐IPNs containing PMMA at concentrations up to 15%. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007
Synthesis of new alicyclic polyimides by Diels‐Alder polymerization
Authors: Chi Jun Ho , Shin Gyo Jic , Kim Yong Seok , Jung Jin Chul 
Published: September 2007

AbstractFour new alicyclic poly{arylene‐9,10‐di[4‐(methyloxy)phenyloxy]‐1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8‐octahydroanthracene‐2,3,6,7‐tetracarboxdiimide}s (APIs) were prepared at 80°C in the presence of NaI in DMSO by the in situ Diels‐Alder polymerization of 1,4‐bis[4‐(methyloxy)phenyloxy]‐2,3,6,7‐tetrakis(bromomethyl)benzene (MPBB) with four arylenebismaleimides (AMIs). The stereochemical isomerisms measured for the model compound DPAI and MDA‐PI by HETCOR spectroscopy and 1H‐NMR spectroscopy, respectively, revealed that DPAI and APIs presumably have only one trans‐bis‐endo‐configuration. Inherent viscosities of APIs varied in the 0.20–0.41 dL/g range. Solubility tests revealed that in spite of the alicyclic units incorporated the APIs were only marginally soluble in polar organic solvents. In TGA in N2 the APIs began to decompose at temperatures higher than 380°C, revealing two‐step pyrolysis behavior. 4‐(Methyloxy)phenyloxy side groups were believed to degrade in the lower temperature range. In DSC and wide‐angle X‐ray diffractometry APIs all appeared completely amorphous and in UV‐Vis spectroscopy both DPAI and APIs were transparent at wavelengths longer than 375 nm. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007
Effect of different anchor groups on adsorption behavior and effectiveness of poly(N,N‐dimethylacrylamide‐co‐Ca 2‐acrylamido‐2‐methylpropanesulfonate) as cement fluid loss additive in presence of acetone–formaldehyde–sulfite dispersant
Authors: Plank Johann , Brandl Andreas , Lummer Nils Recalde 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe impact of various anchor groups on adsorption behavior of AMPS® copolymers was studied. The anchor groups differ in anionic charge density. Copolymer adsorption and water retention of oil well cement slurries achieved from CaAMPS®‐co‐NNDMA in the presence of an acetone–formaldehyde–sulfite (AFS) dispersant were improved by incorporation of minor amounts (∼ 1% by weight of polymer) of acrylic acid (CaAMPS®‐co‐NNDMA‐co‐AA), maleic acid anhydride (CaAMPS®‐co‐NNDMA‐co‐MAA), or vinyl phosphonic acid (CaAMPS®‐co‐NNDMA‐co‐VPA), respectively. Performance of these terpolymers was studied by measuring static filtration properties of oil well cement slurries at 27°C and 70 bar pressure. All fluid loss additives possess comparable molar masses and show the same adsorption behavior and effectiveness when no other admixture is present. In the presence of AFS dispersant, however, adsorption of CaAMPS®‐co‐NNDMA and hence fluid loss control is dramatically reduced, whereas effectiveness of CaAMPS®‐co‐NNDMA‐co‐AA is less influenced because of acrylic acid incorporated as additional anchor group. Even more, CaAMPS®‐co‐NNDMA‐co‐MAA combined with AFS allows simultaneous adsorption of both polymers and thus produces good fluid loss control. CaAMPS®‐co‐NNDMA‐co‐VPA no longer allows adsorption of AFS dispersant. This was also confirmed by rheological measurements. The results show that, in a binary admixture system, adsorption of the anionic polymer with anchor groups possessing higher charge density is preferred. Surface affinity of the anchor groups studied increase in the order SO → COO− → vic‐(COO−)2→ PO. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007
Morphological and structural development of poly(ether ether ketone) during mechanical pulverization
Authors: Liang Mei , Lu Canhui , Huang Yigang , Zhang Changsheng 
Published: September 2007

AbstractMicron size particles of poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) were prepared by self‐made pan‐type milling equipment operated at ambient temperature. The changes of particle morphology, crystalline properties, thermal behavior, and viscosity‐average molecular mass during milling were studied by SEM, WAXD, DSC, TGA, and viscosimetry analyses, respectively. SEM analysis indicated that pan‐milling firstly destroyed the original structure of PEEK through squeezing in‐between mill pans, then to produce fine powder undergoing the processes of deforming and size reduction. The average particle size of PEEK was reduced to 100 μm only after 5 cycles of pan‐milling and reached less than 50 μm after 50 cycles. DSC analysis showed that crystallinity of PEEK decreased with the pan‐milling cycles, agreed with WAXD data. The crystallinity of PEEK decreased from 46.2 to 39.9% of 50 pan‐milling cycles was offered. The glass transition temperature increased slightly along with pan‐milling cycles. Mechanochemical effects caused by pan‐milling were also studied. Viscometer test exhibited that molecular weight dropped quickly at earlier pan‐milling stage then decreased slightly during later pan‐milling. Pan‐milling technique is an efficient, clean, and environmental friendly method for preparing fine PEEK powder. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007