bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stable Blue Emission from a Polyfluorene/Layered‐Compound Guest/Host Nanocomposite
Authors: Aharon E. , Albo A. , Kalina M. , Frey G. L. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractIn this study a blue‐light‐emitting conjugated polymer, poly(9,9‐dioctylfluorene), is confined to the interlayer space of inorganic, layered metal dichalcogenide materials, metallic MoS2, and semiconducting SnS2. The nanocomposites are prepared through Li intercalation into the inorganic compound, exfoliation, and restacking in the presence of the polymer. X‐ray diffraction and optical absorption measurements indicate that a single conjugated polymer monolayer, with an overall extended planar morphology conformation, is isolated between the inorganic sheets, so that polymer aggregation or π–π interchain interactions are significantly reduced. Photoluminescence (PL) measurements show that the appearance of the undesirable green emission observed in pristine polymer films is suppressed by incorporating the polymer into the inorganic matrix. The blue emission of the intercalated polymer is stable for extended periods of time, over two years, under ambient conditions. Furthermore, the green emission is absent in the PL spectra of nanocomposite films heated at 100 °C for 7 h in air with direct excitation of the keto defect. Finally, no green emission was observed in the electroluminescence spectrum of light‐emitting devices fabricated with a polymer‐intercalated SnS2 nanocomposite film. These results support the proposed hypothesis that fluorenone defects alone are insufficient to generate the green emission and that interchain interactions are also required.
Electrophoretic Separation of Nanoparticles with a Discrete Number of Functional Groups
Authors: Sperling R. A. , Pellegrino T. , Li J. K. , Chang W. H. , Parak W. J. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractA concept is describe that facilitates the modification of colloidal nanoparticles of different materials with an exactly known number of variable functional groups. In particular, a procedure for the surface functionalization of nanoparticles with a controlled number of mono‐ or bifunctional poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) molecules of suitable chain length is reported. Conjugates of nanoparticles with one, two, and three PEG molecules per nanoparticle could be separated using gel electrophoresis. Molecules with additional functionalities could be conjugated to the free ends of the bifunctional PEG molecules. In this way the PEG molecules act as convenient spacers that allow for the sorting of nanoparticles with a discrete number of functional groups.
Transition‐Metal‐Complexed Molecular Machine Prototypes
Authors: Bonnet S. , Collin J.‐P. , Koizumi M. , Mobian P. , Sauvage J.‐P. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractIn the course of the last decade, many dynamic molecular systems, whose movements are controlled externally, have been elaborated. These compounds are generally referred to as “molecular machines”. Transition‐metal‐containing catenanes and rotaxanes are ideally suited to build such systems. In the present article, we will discuss a few examples of molecular machines elaborated and studied in Strasbourg. In the first section, we will discuss an electrochemically driven system consisting of a fast‐moving pirouetting rotaxane. The second section will be devoted to a linear rotaxane dimer whose behavior is reminiscent of muscle movement, in the sense that it can stretch and contract. In the rest of this article, the focus will be mostly on light‐driven machines consisting of ruthenium(II)‐complexed rotaxanes, catenanes, and scorpionates. In the case of rotaxanes and catenanes, the synthetic approach is based on the template effect of an octahedral ruthenium(II) center. Two polydentate ligands are incorporated in an axis or in a ring, affording the precursor to the rotaxane or the catenane, respectively. Ru(diimine)32+ and Ru(terpy)(phen)(L)2+ (terpy: terpyridine; phen: 1,10‐phenanthroline) complexes display the universally used 3MLCT (metal‐to‐ligand charge transfer) excited state and another interesting excited state, the 3LF (ligand field) state, which is strongly dissociative. By taking advantage of this latter state, it has been possible to propose a new family of molecular machines, which are set in motion by populating the dissociative 3LF state, thus leading to ligand exchange in the coordination sphere of the ruthenium(II) center.
Identification for decentralized model predictive control
Authors: Gudi Ravindra D. , Rawlings James B. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe problem of identifying interaction dynamics that exist between units operating in a decentralized control scheme is addressed. Identification of such interaction relationships is crucial to the deployment of coordinated decentralized control. The proposed methodology is based on a variant of the two‐step, closed‐loop identification methods proposed earlier in the literature. Alternative identification schemes relevant for this scenario are theoretically analyzed and are also evaluated based on the criteria of a priori knowledge necessary about the controller and the plant, as well as the applicability of the methods for the constrained controller case. Validation studies on representative systems taken from literature are presented to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed schemes. © 2006 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2006
Media attention and the market for ‘green’ consumer products
Authors: Thøgersen John 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThere are signs that a general ‘counter‐attack’ is now being orchestrated against the ‘greens’. This paper surveys the evidence regarding an ‘issue‐attention’ cycle in environmental concern in Western Europe and North America. It furthermore discusses the role of the news media in creating the cycle. It is well documented that the mass media plays an important role in determining which issues receive high or low attention by the general public. However, not only does the media's assessment of what is newsworthy mean that ‘green’ businesses will eventually lose the current of a rising issue attention cycle, but also its mere success means that stories framing ‘green’ businesses in a negative light become newsworthy while positive stories lose their newsworthiness. Therefore, and despite a large and loyal customer base, many ‘green’ companies now find themselves in a much more hostile environment than a decade ago. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
The influence of eco‐labelling on consumer behaviour – results of a discrete choice analysis for washing machines
Authors: Sammer Katharina , Wüstenhagen Rolf 
Published: April 2006

AbstractEco‐labelling is an important tool to overcome market failure due to information asymmetries for environmental products. While previous research has discussed the importance of labelling, this paper provides empirical data on the influence of eco‐labels on consumer behaviour for household appliances. It reports on the results of a survey involving a total of 151 choice‐based conjoint interviews conducted in Switzerland in Spring 2004. Choice‐based conjoint analysis (also known as discrete choice) has been applied to reveal the relative importance of various product attributes for consumers. The EU energy label is used for the product category chosen in our survey, washing machines, and we investigate the relative importance of this eco‐label compared with other product features (such as brand name) in consumers' purchasing decisions. We draw conclusions for sustainability marketing and policy. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Sustainability marketing for the poorest of the poor
Authors: Kirchgeorg Manfred , Winn Monika I. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractRecent work is reconceptualizing global poverty as an attractive growth opportunity for firms, that can simultaneously alleviate the problem of poverty. This notion has major implications for the sustainability of global society in general, and for the concepts and practice of marketing in particular. It is the purpose of this paper to explore, and bring attention to, these important implications, and to offer conceptual and practical suggestions for a sustainability marketing for the poor. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Sustainability: Consumer Perceptions and Marketing Strategies
Authors: McDonald Seonaidh , Oates Caroline J. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractStudies of green consumer behaviour, in particular purchasing and disposal, have largely focused on demographics and/or socio‐demographics, with mixed and frequently contradictory results. To move the debate forward, we investigated a wide range of 40 sustainability activities with 78 consumers, who placed each activity on a matrix according to perceived effort and perceived difference to the environment. Patterns both across respondents and between certain pairs of activities were identified, and we suggest that this model increases our understanding of how consumers view sustainable activities. Marketers can use this information to consider marketing strategies that positively influence consumers' perceptions of such activities. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Ignorant advice – customer advisory service for ethical investment funds
Authors: Schrader Ulf 
Published: April 2006

AbstractEthical investment is a growing but still small market in many countries. One obstacle for further diffusion is the lack of information transparency. The actors with the highest potential to improve transparency and to develop ethical funds into mass market products are large retail banks. To realize this potential they have to meet a high service quality standard in their financial advice about ethical funds. Based on a mystery shopping study in Germany, this paper reveals that large retail banks are not yet ready to act as diffusion agents for ethical funds. No advisor demonstrated the initiative to inform customers proactively about ethical funds and some bank employees even falsely denied their existence. Additionally, the scope and accuracy of the information provided was very limited. If banks want to change this situation they can apply a range of strategic, instrumental, and transformational marketing measures. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
An attempt to determine the absolute configuration of two ascolactone stereoisomers with time‐dependent density functional theory
Authors: Seibert Simon F. , König Gabriele M. , Voloshina Elena , Raabe Gerhard , Fleischhauer Jörg 
Published: April 2006

AbstractTwo stereoisomers of ascolactone (A, B), natural products with two asymmetric carbon atoms, are isolated from the marine‐derived fungus Ascochyta salicorniae. Although these compounds show virtually opposite CD spectra and [α]D, 1H‐ and 13C‐NMR data exclude the presence of enantiomers and suggest ascolactone A and B to be epimeric lactones. By comparing the experimental CD spectra with those calculated employing time‐dependent density functional theory (TDDFT), we elucidate the configuration at one of the asymmetric carbon atoms. Chirality, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Protein circular dichroism data bank (PCDDB): Data bank and website design
Authors: Whitmore Lee , Janes Robert W. , Wallace B. A. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe Protein Circular Dichroism Data Bank (PCDDB) is a new deposition data bank for validated circular dichroism spectra of biomacromolecules. Its aim is to be a resource for the structural biology and bioinformatics communities, providing open access and archiving facilities for circular dichroism and synchrotron radiation circular dichroism spectra. It is named in parallel with the Protein Data Bank (PDB), a long‐existing valuable reference data bank for protein crystal and NMR structures. In this article, we discuss the design of the data bank structure and the deposition website located athttp://pcddb.cryst.bbk.ac.uk. Our aim is to produce a flexible and comprehensive archive, which enables user‐friendly spectral deposition and searching. In the case of a protein whose crystal structure and sequence are known, the PCDDB entry will be linked to the appropriate PDB and sequence data bank files, respectively. It is anticipated that the PCDDB will provide a readily accessible biophysical catalogue of information on folded proteins that may be of value in structural genomics programs, for quality control and archiving in industrial and academic labs, as a resource for programs developing spectroscopic structural analysis methods, and in bioinformatics studies. Chirality, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Geometrical and algebraic approach to central molecular chirality: A chirality index and an Aufbau description of tetrahedral molecules
Authors: Capozziello Salvatore , Lattanzi Alessandra 
Published: April 2006

AbstractOn the basis of empirical Fischer projections, we develop an algebraic approach to the central molecular chirality of tetrahedral molecules. The elements of such an algebra are obtained from the 24 projections which a single chiral tetrahedron can generate in S and R absolute configurations. They constitute a matrix representation of the O(4) orthogonal group. According to this representation, given a molecule with n chiral centres, it is possible to define an “index of chirality χ ≡ {n, p}”, where n is the number of stereogenic centres of the molecule and p the number of permutations observed under rotations and superimpositions of the tetrahedral molecule to its mirror image. The chirality index not only assigns the global chirality of a given tetrahedral chain, but indicates also a way to predict the same property for new compounds, which can be built up consistently. Chirality 18:462–468, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Spontaneous absolute asymmetric synthesis in the presence of achiral silica gel in conjunction with asymmetric autocatalysis
Authors: Kawasaki Tsuneomi , Suzuki Kenta , Shimizu Masako , Ishikawa Keisuke , Soai Kenso 
Published: April 2006

AbstractAn enantiomerically enriched pyrimidyl alkanol with either S or R configurations was obtained stochastically from the reaction between pyrimidine‐5‐carbaldehyde and diisopropylzinc in the presence of achiral silica gel in conjunction with asymmetric autocatalysis with amplification of chirality. Chirality 18:479–482, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Theoretical insights into photochemical reactions initiated with circularly polarized light
Authors: Pagni Richard M. , Bartmess John 
Published: April 2006

AbstractA theoretical analysis of several hypothetical photoreactions initiated with circularly polarized light has been carried out to determine the factors influencing the enantiomeric excess of recovered reactant. The anistropic g value is the dominant influence, although quantum yields and F values may be important in certain cases. Chirality, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
X‐ray Absorption Spectroscopic Study of LiCoO2 as the Negative Electrode of Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Chadwick Alan V. , Savin Shelley L. P. , Alcántara Ricardo , Fernández Lisbona Diego , Lavela Pedro , Ortiz Gregorio F. , Tirado José L. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractLithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO2) particles are modified using rotor blade grinding and re‐annealing and used as the active electrode material versus lithium in the 3–0 V potential interval, in which a maximum capacity of 903 mA h g−1 is achieved. X‐ray absorption near edge structure spectra reveal the complete reduction of Co3+ to Co metal at 0 V. Cell recharge leads to an incomplete reoxidation of cobalt. A maximum reversible capacity of 812 mA h g−1 is obtained, although a poor capacity retention upon prolonged cycling may limit its application.
Computational Study of 19F NMR Spectra of Double Four Ring‐Containing Si/Ge‐Zeolites
Authors: Pulido Angeles , Sastre German , Corma Avelino 
Published: April 2006

Abstract19F NMR chemical shifts are calculated in order to study the F− environment in double four ring (D4R) containing Si/Ge‐zeolites. The calculations with the DFT/CSGT/B3PW91 methodology yielded an agreement within 2 ppm with respect to the experimental peaks corresponding to the D4R units containing 8Si0Ge, 7Si1Ge and 0Si8Ge of the octadecasil zeolite. The optimisation of the 7Si1Ge‐, 6Si2Ge‐, 5Si3Ge‐ and 4Si4Ge‐D4R units with DFT/B3LYP methodology shows that a covalent GeF bond is formed and therefore a Ge atom in the D4R is pentacoordinated. The displacement of the fluoride ion towards a Ge atom in the Ge‐containing D4R units locates four Si/Ge atoms in the close vicinity of the F− and this makes possible a rationalization of the 19F NMR signals in groups according to the number of Si (n) and Ge (m) atoms in the nearest F− environment, F–SinGem (where n+m=4). Thus, the calculated chemical shifts show that higher values are observed when the number of Ge atoms in the nearest F− environment increases.
Implicit motives and explicit goals: two distinctive modes of motivational functioning and their relations to psychopathology
Authors: Michalak Johannes , Püschel Oliver , Joormann Jutta , Schulte Dietmar 
Published: April 2006

AbstractDuring the past two decades, increasing evidence has been gathered in basic research on motivation for the view that two separate systems direct human behavior: an emotion‐driven implicit system and a cognition‐based explicit system. In two studies we examined the associations between avoidance tendencies in both motivational systems and psychopathology (study 1, 53 undergraduates; study 2, 65 outpatients suffering from anxiety or mood disorders). Avoidance tendencies in implicit motives were assessed with a semiprojective technique (Multi‐Motive Grid, MMG). Avoidance tendencies of explicit personal goals were coded by two trained raters and by asking participants to judge the emotion they would expect to experience if they reached or failed to reach the goals. Psychopathology was assessed with various disorder‐specific and unspecific questionnaires. In both studies, avoidance tendencies in the implicit as well as in the explicit system were associated with clinical symptoms and other functional impairments. Implications of these findings are discussed. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A survey of influences on the practice of psychotherapists and clinical psychologists in training in the UK
Authors: Lucock Mike P. , Hall Patricia , Noble Rachael 
Published: April 2006

AbstractA questionnaire survey of 95 qualified psychotherapists of various therapeutic orientations and 69 psychologists in clinical training was carried out to investigate the main influences on their clinical practice, using the Questionnaire of Influencing Factors on Clinical Practice in Psychotherapies (QuIF‐CliPP). For the qualified group the most highly rated factors were current supervision, client characteristics, client feedback, psychological formulation, intuition/judgement, professional training and post‐qualification training. For the trainees, those rated highest were current supervision, past supervision, client characteristics, client feedback, psychological formulation and professional training. Evidence based factors such as treatment manuals and evidence based guidelines were rated relatively low for both groups, although the cognitive behaviour therapists rated them significantly higher than the other groups. Personal therapy was rated highly by the psychodynamic, psychoanalytic, person centred and eclectic therapists but not by CB therapists. The implications of these findings for the application of evidence based practice and the need to evaluated supervision, personal therapy and training are discussed. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Social problem solving, autobiographical memory and future specificity in outpatients with borderline personality disorder
Authors: Kremers I.P. , Spinhoven Ph. , Van der Does A.J.W. , Van Dyck R. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe present study compared outpatients with borderline personality disorder (BPD) and controls on social problem solving capabilities and specificity of imagining future events. It was hypothesized that patients with BPD would have more deficiencies in both these areas, and that there would be a relation between problem solving and specificity of remembering past and imagining future events. Seventy‐eight patients with BPD reported fewer active means to solve interpersonal problems and depressed patients with BPD tended to have more difficulties in imagining positive future events in a specific way compared to controls. Specificity and problem solving were hardly related in patients with BPD. Social problem solving deficits in BPD may be a consequence of disturbed emotion regulation rather than a consequence of restricted memory accessibility. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Familial aggregation in the night eating syndrome
Authors: Lundgren Jennifer D. , Allison Kelly C. , Stunkard Albert J. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractObjective:This study examined the extent to which the night eating syndrome (NES) affects first‐degree relatives of NES and control probands.Method:NES participants and controls were assessed with the Night Eating Questionnaire (NEQ), the Night Eating Syndrome History and Inventory (NESHI), 10 day sleep and food records, the Eating Disorder Examination (EDE), the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM IV Axis I Disorders (SCID I), and a Family History Questionnaire (FHQ) to assess the presence of NES among first‐degree relatives. A proband predictive model, using logistic regression analyses and the generalized estimating equation to control for correlation among observations within families was used to assess familial aggregation.Results:The odds of an NES proband having an affected first‐degree relative were significantly greater than that of a control proband (odds ratio = 4.9, p < .001). A number of covariates were included in the model: proband body mass index (BMI) (kg/m2), proband gender, proband age, proband ethnicity, first‐degree relative gender, relationship to proband (i.e., mother, father, or sibling), and the interaction between relationship to proband and proband status (night eater or control); none was statistically significant (p > .05).Conclusion:The study showed a strong aggregation of NES in families. © 2006 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2006
A transient lesion in splenium of the corpus callosum in a patient with childhood‐onset anorexia nervosa
Authors: Nishimura Katsuhiko , Takei Nori , Suzuki Katsuaki , Kawai Masayoshi , Sekine Yoshimoto , Isoda Haruo , Mori Norio 
Published: April 2006

AbstractObjective:Although a transient lesion in the splenium of the corpus callosum (SCC) has been reported predominantly regarding patients with epilepsia, it is of rare occurrence, and its underlying biological basis remains unknown. This is a report of an SCC lesion in a patient with anorexia nervosa (AN).Method:The patient was a 15‐year‐old girl with childhood‐onset (11 years) and a protracted course of AN. On admission, the patient showed no apparent neurological abnormalities. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans revealed a circumscribed lesion in the SCC. We treated her with nutritional rehabilitation supplemented with B vitamins.Results:One month later, the lesion completely disappeared, but her weight was not restored.Conclusion:Treatment with B‐vitamin supplementation may be beneficial for the treatment of patients with AN, in cases in which the disorder develops at an early age before brain maturation (i.e., childhood‐onset cases), along with an enduring course of malnutrition. © 2006 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2006