bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Serum creatine kinase response to exercise during dexamethasone-induced insulin resistance in Quarter Horses with polysaccharide storage myopathy
Authors: Firshman Anna M. , Valberg Stephanie J. , Karges Tami L. , Benedict Luke E. , Annandale Erin J. , Seaquist Elizabeth R. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine effects of dexamethasone on insulin sensitivity, serum creatine kinase (CK) activity 4 hours after exercise, and muscle glycogen concentration in Quarter Horses with polysaccharide storage myopathy (PSSM).Animals—4 adult Quarter Horses with PSSM.Procedure—A 2 × 2 crossover design was used with dexamethasone (0.08 mg/kg) or saline (0.9% NaCl) solution administered IV every 48 hours. Horses were exercised on a treadmill daily for 3 wk/treatment with a 2-week washout period between treatments. Serum CK activity was measured daily 4 hours after exercise. At the end of each treatment period, serum cortisol concentrations were measured, a hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp (HEC) technique was performed, and muscle glycogen content was determined.Results—Mean ± SEM serum cortisol concentration was significantly lower after 48 hours for the dexamethasone treatment (0.38 ± 0.08 mg/dL), compared with the saline treatment (4.15 ± 0.40 mg/dL). Dexamethasone significantly decreased the rate of glucose infusion necessary to maintain euglycemia during the HEC technique, compared with the saline treatment. Muscle glycogen concentrations and mean CK activity after exercise were not altered by dexamethasone treatment, compared with the saline treatment.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Dexamethasone significantly reduced whole-body insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in Quarter Horses with PSSM after a 3-week period but did not diminish serum CK response to exercise or muscle glycogen concentrations in these 4 horses. Therefore, a decrease in glucose uptake for 3 weeks did not appear to alleviate exertional rhabdomyolysis in these horses. It is possible that long-term treatment may yield other results. (Am J Vet Res2005;66:1718–1723)
Platelet function and association of bovine viral diarrhea virus with platelets of persistently infected cattle
Authors: Walz Paul H. , Grooms Daniel L. , Bell Thomas G. , Kaiser Lana , Baker John C. , Brock Kenny V. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine whether viral involvement with platelets obtained from cattle persistently infected (PI) with bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is associated with altered platelet function or decreased platelet counts.Sample Population—Platelets obtained from 8 cattle PI with BVDV and 6 age-, sex-, and breed-matched uninfected control cattle.Procedure—Manual platelet counts were determined, and platelet function was assessed through optical aggregometry by use of the aggregation agonists ADP and platelet-activating factor. Identification of BVDV in serum and preparations of purified platelets was determined by use of virus isolation tests.Results—No significant difference in platelet counts was detected between cattle PI with BVDV and control cattle. In response to the aggregation agonists, maximum aggregation percentage and slope of the aggregation curve were not significantly different between cattle PI with BVDV and control cattle. We isolated BVDV from serum of all PI cattle and from purified platelets of 6 of 8 PI cattle, but BVDV was not isolated from serum or platelets of control cattle.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Isolation of BVDV from platelets in the peripheral circulation of cattle immunotolerant to BVDV does not result in altered platelet function or decreases in platelet counts. (Am J Vet Res2005;66:1738–1742)
Effects of radial shock waves on membrane permeability and viability of chondrocytes and structure of articular cartilage in equine cartilage explants
Authors: Byron Christopher R. , Benson Britany M. , Stewart Allison A. , Stewart Matthew C. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To investigate in vitro effects of radial
shock waves on membrane permeability, viability, and
structure of chondrocytes and articular cartilage.

Sample Population—Cartilage explants obtained
from the third metacarpal and metatarsal bones of 6
horses.

Procedure—Equine cartilage was subjected to radial
shock waves and then maintained as explants in culture
for 48 hours. Treatment groups consisted of a
negative control group; application of 500, 2,000, and
4,000 impulses by use of a convex handpiece (group
A); and application of 500, 2,000, and 4,000 impulses
by use of a concave handpiece (group B). Effects on
explant structure were evaluated by use of environmental
scanning electron microscopy (ESEM).
Membrane permeability was determined by release
of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Chondrocyte viability
was assessed by use of vital cell staining.
Comparisons of LDH activity and nonviable cell percentages
were performed by ANOVA.

Results—Cell membrane permeability increased significantly
after application of 2,000 and 4,000 impulses
in groups A and B. A significant decrease in cell viability
was observed for application of 4,000 impulses
in explants of group A. There was no detectable damage
to integrity of cartilage explants observed in any
treatment group by use of ESEM.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Radial shock
waves do not appear to structurally damage articular
cartilage but do impact chondrocyte viability and
membrane permeability. Caution should be exercised
when extremely high periarticular pulse doses are
used until additional studies can determine the longterm
outcome of these effects and appropriate periarticular
treatment regimens can be validated. (Am J
Vet Res 2005;66:1757–1763)
Evaluation of papillomaviruses associated with cyclosporine-induced hyperplastic verrucous lesions in dogs
Authors: Favrot Claude , Olivry Thierry , Werner Alexander H. , Nespecca Gilles , Utiger Anna , Grest Paula , Ackermann Mathias 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine whether cyclosporine Ainduced hyperplastic skin lesions of dogs were associated with papillomavirus infections.Animals—9 dogs that were treated with cyclosporine A and developed hyperplastic skin lesions.Procedure—History and clinical and histopathologic data were collected. Paraffin-embedded skin biopsy specimens from hyperplastic skin lesions were immunostained for common papillomavirus genusspecific structural antigens by use of a polyclonal rabbit anti-bovine papillomavirus type 1 antiserum. Sections from each tissue block underwent DNA extraction, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays were performed with several sets of primers to amplify a wide range of papillomavirus DNA from humans and other animals.Results—In 7 of 9 dogs, there were more than 10 hyperplastic skin lesions that microscopically resembled those of psoriasiform lichenoid dermatosis. In those dogs, results of testing for papillomavirus via immunohistochemical analyses and PCR assays were negative. In the other 2 dogs, there were only 1 and 3 verrucous lesions, and in those dogs, histologic evaluation revealed koilocytes and nuclear viral inclusions that were immunoreactive for papillomavirus antigens. Papillomavirus DNA was amplified from both dogs. One of the sequences was characteristic for the canine oral papillomavirus, whereas the other had similarities with the recently described canine papillomavirus 2.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—In dogs, hyperplastic skin lesions occasionally develop during treatment with cyclosporine A. Most of the lesions resemble those of psoriasiform lichenoid dermatosis, although papillomavirus can be detected in some instances. (Am J Vet Res2005;66:1764–1769)
Characterization of protection from systemic infection and disease by use of a modified-live noncytopathic bovine viral diarrhea virus type 1 vaccine in experimentally infected calves
Authors: Kelling Clayton L. , Hunsaker Breck D. , Steffen David J. , Topliff Christina L. , Abdelmagid Omar Y. , Eskridge Kent M. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To evaluate protection against systemic infection and clinical disease provided by use of a modified-live noncytopathic bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) type 1 vaccine in calves challenged with NY-1 BVDV.Animals—10 calves, 5 to 7 months of age.Procedures—Calves were allocated (n = 5/group) to be nonvaccinated or vaccinated SC on day 0 with BVDV type 1 (WRL strain). Calves in both groups were challenged intranasally with NY-1 BVDV on day 21. Calves' rectal temperatures and clinical signs of disease were recorded daily, total and differential WBC and platelet counts were performed, and serum neutralizing antibody titers against NY-1 BVDV were determined. Histologic examinations and immunohistochemical analyses to detect gross lesions and distribution of viral antigens, respectively, were performed.Results—After challenge exposure to NY-1 BVDV, nonvaccinated calves developed high rectal temperatures, increased respiratory rates, viremia, leukopenia, lymphopenia, and infection of the thymus. Vaccinated calves did not develop high rectal temperatures or clinical signs of respiratory tract disease. Vaccinated calves appeared to be protected against systemic replication of virus in that they did not develop leukopenia, lymphopenia, viremia, or infection of target organs, and infectious virus was not detected in peripheral blood mononuclear cells or the thymus.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The modifiedlive BVDV vaccine protected calves against systemic infection and disease after experimental challenge exposure with NY-1 BVDV. The vaccine protected calves against infection and viremia and prevented infection of target lymphoid cells. (Am J Vet Res2005;66:1785–1791)
Experimental canine leptospirosis caused by Leptospira interrogans serovars pomona and bratislava
Authors: Greenlee Justin J. , Alt David P. , Bolin Carole A. , Zuerner Richard L. , Andreasen Claire B. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To evaluate gross, histopathologic, and serum biochemical findings caused byLeptospira interrogansserovars pomona and bratislava inoculated in dogs.Animals—Twenty-seven 8-week-old female Beagles.Procedure—Dogs were randomly assigned to challenge or control groups. Challenge groups were conjunctivally inoculated on 3 successive days with 5 ×107L interrogansserovar pomona (n = 12) or serovar bratislava (11). Clinical signs were recorded throughout the experiment, and clinical pathology assays, bacteriologic culture, and necropsies (6 or 7 dogs necropsied at each time point) were done on postinoculation day (PID) 7, 10, 14, and 20.Results—Infection could not be confirmed in any serovar bratislava–inoculated dog, and control dogs remained healthy throughout the experiment. Positive culture and fluorescent antibody test results were confirmed in 11 of 12 serovar pomona–inoculated dogs. Fever and lethargy starting at PID 7 were the most common clinical signs in serovar pomona–infected dogs. On day 10, gross lesions included multifocal renal and pulmonary hemorrhage and perirenal edema. Serovar pomona–inoculated dogs had histopathologic lesions including hepatitis, interstitial nephritis, and pneumonia at PID 7, 10, 14, and 20. Increases in BUN, anion gap, and bilirubin concentration occurred on PID 10, 14, and 20. Platelet counts in dogs with positive results of bacteriologic culture were decreased from baseline values on PID 10, 12, and 14.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance— Conjunctival inoculation with L interrogans serovar pomona resulted in a high rate of infection with concomitant hemorrhagic and inflammatory lesions of the kidneys, liver, and lungs. (Am J Vet Res2005;66:1816–1822)
Assessment of scintigraphic and thermographic changes after focused extracorporeal shock wave therapy on the origin of the suspensory ligament and the fourth metatarsal bone in horses without lameness
Authors: Ringer Simone K. , Lischer Christoph J. , Ueltschi Gottlieb 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To monitor the effect of focused extracorporeal
shock wave therapy (ESWT) on bone and
bone-tendon junction of horses without lameness by
use of nuclear scintigraphy and thermography.

Animals—6 warmblood horses without lameness.

Procedure—The origin of the suspensory ligament at
the metacarpus (OSL-MC) and the fourth metatarsal
bone were treated at 2 time points (days 0 and 16)
with 2,000 shocks applied by a focused ESWT device
at an energy flux density of 0.15 mJ/mm2. One forelimb
and 1 hind limb were treated, and the contralateral
limbs served as controls. To document the effect
of focused ESWT, nuclear scintigraphy was performed
on days -1, 3, 16 (before second ESWT), and
19. Thermography was performed on days -1, 0 (1
hour after first ESWT), 1, 3, 8, 16 (twice; before and 1
hour after second ESWT), and 19. On days 3, 16 (first
scans), and 19, thermography was performed before
scintigraphy.

Results—Scintigraphically, significant variations in
radiopharmaceutical activity at the OSL-MC were
detected in treatment and control limbs. No significant
differences, however, in mean temperature or
radiopharmaceutical activity could be detected by use
of thermography or nuclear scintigraphy, respectively,
between the treatment and control limbs at any time
point in response to ESWT.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—After 2 treatments
of focused ESWT, no physiologic effect on the
studied structures could be demonstrated by use of
nuclear scintigraphy or thermography. Results of this
study indicate that at currently used ESWT settings,
no damage to the bone or bone-tendon junction
should occur. (Am J Vet Res 2005;66:1836–1842)
Effects of glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate on mediators of osteoarthritis in cultured equine chondrocytes stimulated by use of recombinant equine interleukin-1β
Authors: Neil Kirsten M. , Orth Michael W. , Coussens Paul M. , Chan Pooi-See , Caron John P. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine whether glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate (CS) at concentrations approximating those achieved in plasma by oral administration would influence gene expression of selected mediators of osteoarthritis in cytokine-stimulated equine articular chondrocytes.Sample Population—Samples of grossly normal articular cartilage obtained from the metacarpophalangeal joint of 13 horses.Procedure—Equine chondrocytes in pellet culture were stimulated with a subsaturating dose of recombinant equine interleukin (reIL)-1β. Effects of prior incubation with glucosamine (2.5 to 10.0 µg/mL) and CS (5.0 to 50.0 µg/mL) on gene expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, -2, -3, -9, and -13; aggrecanase 1 and 2; inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS); cyclooxygenase (COX)-2; nuclear factor κB; and c-Jun- N-terminal kinase (JNK) were assessed by use of a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction assay.Results—Glucosamine at a concentration of 10 µg/mL significantly reduced reIL-1β–induced mRNA expression of MMP-13, aggrecanase 1, and JNK. Reductions in cytokine-induced expression were also observed for iNOS and COX-2. Chondroitin sulfate had no effect on gene expression at the concentrations tested.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Concentrations of glucosamine similar to those achieved in plasma after oral administration in horses exerted pretranslational regulation of some mediators of osteoarthritis, an effect that may contribute to the cartilage- sparing properties of this aminomonosaccharide. Analysis of results of this study indicated that the influence of CS on pretranslational regulation of these selected genes is limited or lacking. (Am J Vet Res2005;66:1861–1869)
Effects of short- and long-term recombinant equine growth hormone and short-term hydrocortisone administration on tissue sensitivity to insulin in horses
Authors: Graaf-Roelfsema Ellen de , Tharasanit Theerawat , Dam Klien G. van , Keizer Hans A. , Breda Erik van , Wijnberg Inge D. , Stout Tom A. E. , Kolk Johannes H. van der 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine the effects of short-term IV administration of hydrocortisone or equine growth hormone (eGH) or long-term IM administration of eGH to horses on tissue sensitivity to exogenous insulin.Animals—5 Standardbreds and 4 Dutch Warmblood horses.Procedure—The euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp technique was used to examine sensitivity of peripheral tissues to exogenous insulin 24 hours after administration of a single dose of hydrocortisone (0.06 mg/kg), eGH (20 µg/kg), or saline (0.9% NaCl) solution and after long-term administration (11 to 15 days) of eGH to horses. The amounts of metabolized glucose (M) and plasma insulin concentration (I) were determined.Results—Values for M and the M-to-I ratio were significantly higher 24 hours after administration of a single dose of hydrocortisone than after single-dose administration of eGH or saline solution. After long-term administration of eGH, basal I concentration was increased and the mean M-to-I ratio was 22% lower, compared with values for horses treated with saline solution.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Increases in M and the M-to-I ratio after a single dose of hydrocortisone imply that short-term hydrocortisone treatment increases glucose use by, and insulin sensitivity of, peripheral tissues. Assuming a single dose of hydrocortisone improves sensitivity of peripheral tissues to insulin, it may be an interesting candidate for use in reducing insulin resistance in peripheral tissues of horses with several disease states. In contrast, long-term administration of eGH decreased tissue sensitivity to exogenous insulin associated with hyperinsulinemia. Therefore, increased concentrations of growth hormone may contribute to insulin resistance in horses with various disease states. (Am J Vet Res2005;66:1907–1913)
Immunohistochemical analysis of the distribution of desmoglein 1 and 2 in the skin of dogs and cats
Authors: Miragliotta Vincenzo , Coli Alessandra , Ricciardi Maria P. , Podestà Adriano , Abramo Francesca 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To compare the distribution of
desmoglein (Dsg) 1 and 2 in skin specimens obtained
from dogs and cats to provide information about the
possible role of the density of Dsg 1 and 2 in the localization
of lesions attributable to pemphigus foliaceus
in these 2 species.

Sample Population—Skin biopsy specimens
obtained from 4 dogs and 4 cats.

Procedure—Biopsy specimens were collected from
the muzzle, bridge of the nose, ear, dorsum,
abdomen, area adjacent to the teats, and footpads of
each animal. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed
on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded skin
samples by use of a biotinylated mouse monoclonal
anti-Dsg 1 and 2 antibody raised against bovine muzzle.
Color development was performed by use of the
streptavidin-biotin-peroxidase method with a chromogenic
substrate.

Results—Immunohistochemical staining yielded a
positive reaction in skin samples obtained from all
anatomic sites. The intensity and distribution of staining
were related to the number of layers of the stratum
spinosum. No differences were detected
between samples obtained from dogs and cats.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—No differences
in intensity of Dsg 1 and 2 antigen were observed in
the stratum spinosum between skin samples obtained
from dogs and cats. Analysis of this result suggests
that factors other than the distribution of Dsg may be
responsible for the differences in localization of primary
clinical lesions in dogs and cats with pemphigus foliaceus.
(Am J Vet Res 2005;66:1931–1935)
Evaluation of a recombinant human adenovirus-5 vaccine administered via needle-free device and intramuscular injection for vaccination of pigs against swine influenza virus
Authors: Wesley Ronald D. , Lager Kelly M. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To evaluate the safety and efficacy of a
human adenovirus-5 vaccine for protecting weaned
pigs against swine influenza virus subtype H3N2
infection when administered via 2 injection methods.

Animals—76 pigs.

Procedure—6 groups of weaned pigs received a 10-
fold serial dilution of recombinant adenovirus expressing
H3 hemagglutinin and a constant amount of
recombinant adenovirus expressing nucleoprotein,
either via a needle-free injection device or by traditional
IM injection. In each group of 10 pigs, 1 served
as a nonvaccinated contact pig to monitor whether
there was spread of vaccinial virus from pig to pig.
Vaccinated pigs and nonvaccinated controls were
challenged or sham-inoculated 5 weeks later. After
challenge, pigs were observed for clinical signs and
nasal secretions were tested for virus. On day 5 after
challenge, pigs were euthanatized; lungs were examined
for gross lesions, and bronchoalveolar lavage
specimens were tested for virus replication.

Results—A hemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibody
response was elicited in a dose-dependent manner.
Traditional IM administered vaccination induced consistently
higher HI antibody responses than vaccination
via needle-free injection, but the differences were
not significant. Likewise, traditional IM administration
was superior at reducing nasal virus shedding except
at the highest dose, at which both methods blocked
virus replication. The severity of lung lesions was
reduced in a dose-dependent manner by both vaccination
methods. Sentinel pigs did not seroconvert.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The human
adenovirus-5 vaccine at high doses prevented nasal
virus shedding after challenge exposure with both
methods of administration. The replication-defective
vaccine virus was not transmitted to sentinel pigs.
(Am J Vet Res 2005;66:1943–1947)
Evaluation of an osteoconductive resorbable calcium phosphate cement and polymethylmethacrylate for augmentation of orthopedic screws in the pelvis of canine cadavers
Authors: Hutchinson Geoffrey S. , Griffon Dominique J. , Siegel Arthur M. , Pijanowski Gerald J. , Kurath Peter , Eurell Jo Ann C. , Johnson Ann L. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To evaluate the effect of an osteoconductive resorbable calcium phosphate cement (CPC) on the holding power of bone screws in canine pelvises and to compare the effect with that for polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA).Sample Population—35 pelvises obtained from canine cadavers.Procedure—Each pelvis was sectioned longitudinally. Within each pair of hemipelvises, one 4.0-mm cancellous screw was placed in the sacroiliac (SI) region and another in the iliac body. Similar regions on the contralateral- matched hemipelvis were assigned 1 of 3 augmentation techniques (CPC-augmented 4.0-mm cancellous screws, PMMA-augmented 4.0-mm cancellous screws, and CPC-augmented 3.5-mm cortical screws). Pullout force was compared between matched screws and between treatment groups prior to examination of cross sections for evaluation of cement filling and noncortical bone-to-cortical bone ratio.Results—CPC and PMMA augmentation significantly increased pullout force of 4.0-mm screws inserted in the SI region by 19.5% and 33.2%, respectively, and CPC augmentation significantly increased pullout force of 4.0-mm cancellous screws inserted in the iliac body by 21.2%. There was no difference in the mean percentage augmentation between treatment groups at either location. Cement filling was superior in noncortical bone, compared with filling for cortical bone. Noncortical bone-to-cortical bone ratio was significantly greater in the sacrum (6.1:1) than the ilium (1.3:1).Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—CPC and PMMA improve the ex vivo holding strength of 4.0-mm cancellous screws in the SI and iliac body regions and SI region, respectively. Cement augmentation may be more effective in areas with greater noncortical bone-to-cortical bone ratios. (Am J Vet Res2005;66:1954–1960)