bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous quantitative and qualitative analysis of bioactive phenols in Dendrobium aurantiacum var. denneanum by high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry and diode array detection
Authors: Yang Li , Wang Yun , Zhang Guangnong , Zhang Fang , Zhang Zijia , Wang Zhengtao , Xu Luoshan 
Published: April 2007

AbstractA novel high‐performance liquid chromatographic method with mass spectrometry and diode array detection method for the simultaneous qualitative and quantitative analysis of bioactive phenols was developed. In total, nine chemically diverse phenols including five bibenzyls, three phenanthrenes and a coumarin were unambiguously identified in Dendrobium aurantiacum var. denneanum by comparison with the available references or reported data according to their retention behaviors, UV spectra and fragmentations of ESI‐MS. The contents of the four main phenolic compounds, moscatilin, gigantol, moscatin and coumarin, in D. aurantiacum var. denneanum from the wild and various cultivated populations were determined by HPLC‐UV. The sample preparation involved a rapid and simple procedure based on solid‐phase extraction using a C18 reversed‐phase cartridge. The quantitative analysis was performed on a Beckman Coulter™ ODS column (5 µm, 250 × 4.6 mm) using a linear gradient elution system of acetonitrile–0.5% formic acid. The method was validated for linearity, limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ), precision and accuracy. Good results were obtained with respect to the overall intra‐ and inter‐day variations (RSD less than 3.22%) and the percentage recoveries (ranging from 90.50 to 99.22%). Notable differences in the contents of phenols were observed among different cultivated populations. The samples colleted in April and May (spring), or October and November (autumn) accumulated much higher contents of phenols than those collected in other seasons. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identification of the major metabolites of 5‐n‐butyl‐4‐{4‐[2‐(1H‐tetrazole‐5‐yl)‐1H‐pyrrol‐1‐yl]phenylmethyl}‐2,4‐dihydro‐2‐(2,6‐dichloridephenyl)‐3H‐1,2,4‐triazol‐3‐one, a new angiotensin type 1 receptor antagonist, in rat bile by HPLC–diode array detection–MS and HPLC‐MS/MS
Authors: Yan Bei , Wang Guangji , Sun Jianguo , Li Xiaoyu , Zheng Yuanting , Ai Hua , Lv Hua , Wu Xiaoming , Xu Jinyi 
Published: April 2007

Abstract5‐n‐Butyl‐4‐{4‐[2‐(1H‐tetrazole‐5‐yl)‐1H‐pyrrol‐1‐yl]phenylmethyl}‐2,4‐dihydro‐2‐(2,6‐dichloridephenyl)‐3H‐1,2,4‐triazol‐3‐one (1b), a new non‐peptide angiotensin type 1 receptor antagonist, has been observed to play a positive role in the treatment of hypertension in preclinical tests. Rats were dosed with the drug, and the major metabolites in the bile were separated by gradient elution high‐performance liquid chromatography. HPLC–diode array detection–mass spectrometry, HPLC–electrospray ionization MS/MS methods in negative ion mode and collision‐induced dissociation were used to elucidate the structures of the major metabolites of 1b. One dihydroxylated 1b (M1), two monohydoxylated 1b (M2, M3) and one 1b monoglucuronide (M5) were found in male rat bile; however, three monohydoxylated 1b (M2, M3, M4) and one 1b monoglucuronide (M5) were found in female rat bile. These metabolites greatly differ in amount between male and female rat bile. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simultaneous determination and pharmacokinetic study of oxymatrine and matrine in beagle dog plasma after oral administration of Kushen formula granule, oxymatrine and matrine by LC‐MS/MS
Authors: Wang Yiqi , Ma Yuanyuan , Li Xiaohong , Qin Feng , Lu Xiumei , Li Famei 
Published: April 2007

AbstractA rapid, specific and sensitive LC‐MS/MS method was developed for the determination of oxymatrine (OMT) and matrine (MT) in beagle dog plasma. The method was applied to study the pharmacokinetics of OMT and MT after oral administration of OMT, MT and Kushen formula granule (KFG) containing equivalent amounts of OMT and MT in a three‐period crossover design. The analysis was carried out on an Acquity UPLC™ BEH C18 column by linear gradient elution with 0.01% acetic acid–water–methanol as mobile phase. Detection was by positive ion electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometry with multiple‐reaction monitoring (MRM). Linear calibration curves were both obtained over the concentration range 15–2000 ng/mL, with a limit of quantification of 15 ng/mL. The matrix effect was minimized. The intra‐ and inter‐day precisions (RSDs) were less than 12.4 and 14.7%, respectively, and the accuracy (RE) was from −2.1 to 2.7%. The validated method was used to determine the concentration–time profiles of OMT and MT. The results indicated that the absorption of OMT and MT after oral administration of KFG was significantly greater than that after oral administration of pure components. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Buying into our future: sustainability initiatives in local government procurement
Authors: Preuss Lutz 
Published: April 2007

AbstractLocal government in the United Kingdom is well placed to make a contribution to sustainable development in its area. Although only enjoying partial autonomy from central government without its own constitutional basis, its aggregate purchasing expenditure dwarfs that of central government. Case study research into procurement by local authorities in England reveals a wide range of activities aimed at addressing the challenges of sustainable development, covering environmental and social as well as economic development aspects. However, these initiatives are still of a patchy nature, in terms of both differences between aspects of sustainability and variation between local authorities. Many sustainability initiatives also have cost implications for local government, which may clash with other priorities. To overcome such barriers, local authorities could cooperate with other public sector organizations in the United Kingdom and beyond, as well as with the private sector, to learn from the sustainability experience elsewhere. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
The importance of hormone receptor analysis in osteosarcoma cells growth submitted to treatment with estrogen in association with thyroid hormone
Authors: Saraiva Patricia Pinto , Teixeira Silvania Silva , Conde Sandro José , Nogueira Célia Regina 
Published: April 2007

AbstractBone tumor incidence in women peaks at age 50–60, coinciding with the menopause. That estrogen (E2) and triiodothyronine (T3) interact in bone metabolism has been well established. However, few data on the action of these hormones are available. Our purpose was to determine the role of E2 and T3 in the expression of bone activity markers, namely alkaline phosphatase (AP) and receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL). Two osteosarcoma cell lines: MG‐63 (which has both estrogen (ER) and thyroid hormone (TR) receptors) and SaOs‐29 (ER receptors only) were treated with infraphysiological E2 associated with T3 at infraphysiological, physiological, and supraphysiological concentrations. Real‐time RT‐PCR was used for expression analysis. Our results show that, in MG‐63 cells, infraphysiological E2 associated with supraphysiological T3 increases AP expression and decreases RANKL expression, while infraphysiological E2 associated with either physiological or supraphysiological T3 decreases both AP and RANKL expression. On the other hand, in SaOs‐2 cells, the same hormone combinations had no significant effect on the markers' expression. Thus, the analysis of hormone receptors was shown to be crucial for the assessment of tumor potential growth in the face of hormonal changes. Special care should be provided to patients with T3 and E2 hormone receptors that may increase tumor growth. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Biochemical effects of chlorpyrifos and deltamethrin on altered antioxidative defense mechanisms and lipid peroxidation in rat liver
Authors: Tuzmen N. , Candan N. , Kaya E. , Demiryas N. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractPesticides such as organophosphorus and organochlorine compounds commonly used in agriculture for achieving better quality products are toxic substances and lead to generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which have harmful effects on human health. While pyrethroid pesticides are used in preference to organophosphates and organochlorines due to their high effectiveness, low toxicity to non‐target organisms and easy biodegradability, they may also produce oxidative stress. Thus, we investigated the effects of chlorpyrifos (CP, an organophosphate) and deltamethrin (DM, a pyrethroid pesticide) treatments at low and high doses on lipid peroxidation (LPO) and antioxidant enzyme activities such as SOD, GSH‐Px and CAT in rat liver following 16 weeks exposure. Antioxidative defence mechanisms and lipid peroxidation in rat liver tissues display different responses depending on different pesticide treatments and doses. Biochemical analysis showed that administrations of the chlorpyrifos and deltamethrin cause liver damage. In the present study, we observed that lipid peroxidation levels are higher at high doses than at low doses, but DM caused more pronounced increase than CP. Experimentally, we have also observed that oxidant‐antioxidant balance is more affected by deltamethrin treatment than by chlorpyrifos. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Correlations between the Psychological Inventory of Criminal Thinking Styles and World‐View Rating Scale in male federal prisoners
Authors: Walters Glenn D. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractIntroduction The lifestyle theory of criminal behaviour maintains that criminal thinking is hierarchically organized and that certain features of an individual's general world view should correspond with specific criminal thinking styles.Hypotheses It was predicted that the eight Psychological Inventory of Criminal Thinking Styles (PICTS) thinking style scales would correlate with the mechanism, fatalism, inequity and malevolence poles of the four World‐View Rating Scale (WVRS) dimensions.Method A group of 140 male medium security prison inmates rated themselves on the four dimensions of the WVRS and completed the PICTS.Results All eight PICTS thinking style scales correlated with mechanism, inequity and malevolence, but only six of the eight PICTS scales correlated with fatalism. In addition, two of four correlations specified a priori (i.e. between mollification and inequity and between power orientation and malevolence) proved significant in this study.Discussion The present findings suggest that two levels of a cognitive system held to be instrumental in maintaining a criminal lifestyle – criminal thinking styles and global belief systems – may be meaningfully linked. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Groundwater Deterioration of Shallow Groundwater Aquifers Due to Overexploitation in Northeast Jordan
Authors: El‐Naqa Ali , Al‐Momani Mohammad , Kilani Suzan , Hammouri Nezar 
Published: April 2007

AbstractGroundwater is the major water resource in Jordan and most of the groundwater basins are already exploited beyond their estimated safe yield. Azraq basin is one of the most important groundwater basins in Jordan, which supplies Amman with drinking water. However, due to overpumping from the shallow groundwater aquifers, the water level dropped dramatically and signs of salinization and depletion are starting to occur. The severe drawdown in the Azraq well‐field caused a reverse in the hydraulic gradient and consequently, the saltwater in the center of the basin (Qa‐Azraq) started to move in the direction of the well‐field. The salinization in the shallow aquifer (basalt/B5/B4) is believed to result from one of the following scenarios: (i) a reverse flow from Sabkha to the AWSA well field, (ii) an upward leakage from the middle aquifer system (B2/A7) and the combined B3 Aquitard‐B2/A7 aquifer, (iii) a dissolution process between the water and rock matrix due to lowering of the dynamic water levels during pumping which reached the mineralized formations underlying the Basalt. The salinization trend of some AWSA wells represented by the gradual increase of major ions is associated with rather constant stable isotopic contents. This indicates that these constituents originate from the main minerals existing in the matrix of the aquifers and thus this scenario is the most likely to occur.
Current and emerging treatment options in chronic myeloid leukemia
Authors: Jabbour Elias , Cortes Jorge E. , Giles Francis J. , O'Brien Susan , Kantarjian Hagop M. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractTreatments for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) represent a success story in molecular medicine. The development of imatinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) targeted against the causative Bcr‐Abl oncoprotein in CML, has resulted in hematologic and cytogenetic remissions in all phases of CML. A significant proportion of patients are resistant to imatinib or develop resistance during treatment. This is often a result of mutated forms of the Bcr‐Abl oncoprotein to which imatinib is unable to bind. Several strategies have been developed to overcome the problem of imatinib resistance, including high‐dose imatinib, novel targeted agents, and combination treatments. Novel agents include dasatinib, a potent TKI that inhibits several critical oncogenic proteins and which has recently been approved for patients with CML who are resistant or intolerant to imatinib; and nilotinib, a potent selective Bcr‐Abl kinase inhibitor currently in clinical development. Other agents in development include SKI‐606 and INNO‐406. Stem cell transplantation remains a useful option, although it is not generally used as first‐line treatment. Overall, there are an increasing number of treatment options available for patients with CML. Cancer 2007. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
Clinical correlates of JAK2V617F allele burden in essential thrombocythemia
Authors: Kittur Jaya , Knudson Ryan A. , Lasho Terra L. , Finke Christy M. , Gangat Naseema , Wolanskyj Alexandra P. , Li Chin‐Yang , Wu Wenting , Ketterling Rhett P. , Pardanani Animesh , Tefferi Ayalew 
Published: April 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND.JAK2V617F occurs in approximately 50% of patients with essential thrombocythemia (ET). Qualitative studies of mutation analysis have previously reported an association between JAK2V617F and advanced age, higher hemoglobin level, higher leukocyte count, and lower platelet count. A possible association with thrombotic complication has also been considered.METHODS.Allele‐specific, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis for JAK2V617F was performed in 176 patients with ET using genomic DNA from archived bone marrow, which was collected within 1 year (n = 72 patients), between 1 and 5 years (n = 64 patients), or after 5 years (n = 40 patients) of diagnosis.RESULTS.JAK2V617F was detected in 96 patients (55%), in whom mutant allele burden ranged from 1% to 100% (median, 6.3%). Neither mutational frequency (P = .37) nor mutant allele burden (P = .62) was affected by the timing of bone marrow sample collection. The presence of JAK2V617F was found to be significantly associated with higher hemoglobin level (P < .0001), lower platelet count (P = .001), higher leukocyte count (P = .008), increased incidence of venous thrombosis occurring after diagnosis (P = .02), and older age at diagnosis (P = .03). All but age retained significance in multivariable analysis. In mutation‐positive patients (n = 96 patients), JAK2V617F allele burden clustered between 1% and 22% in 94 cases, in whom it correlated directly and significantly with platelet and leukocyte counts, palpable splenomegaly at diagnosis, and venous thrombosis occurring after diagnosis. The latter 2 associations remained significant with the inclusion of the remaining 2 outlier cases with 100% mutant allele burden; in addition, an association with male gender became evident.CONCLUSIONS.JAK2V617F allele burden imparts additional phenotypic effects in ET. Cancer 2007. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
The abstract cauchy‐kovalevskaya theorem in a weighted banach space
Authors: Safonov M. V. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractA scale of Banach spaces is considered as a single weighted Banach space. A variant of the Cauchy‐Kovalevskaya theorem is proved, including the results of Nirenberg and Nishida for the abstract nonlinear Cauchy problem. ©1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Microlocal dispersive smoothing for the Schrödinger equation
Authors: Craig Walter , Kappeler Thomas , Strauss Walter 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThis paper establishes a connection between the microlocal smoothness of solutions of the initial value problem for Schrödinger's equation and the global behavior of bicharacteristics of the principal symbol. In particular, localized initial data gives rise to solutions which are microlocally smooth at all points which are not trapped backwards by the bicharacteristic flow. The origin of the phenomenon is in the dispersive nature of the equation. The results imply microlocal regularity properties of the fundamental solution. ©1995 John Wiley & Sons. Inc.
Isetl: A programming language for learning mathematics
Authors: Dubinsky Ed 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThis paper gives a brief history of the development of an approach to help students learn mathematical concepts at the post‐secondary level. The method uses ISETL, a programming language derived from SETL, to implement instruction whose design is based on an emerging theory of learning. Examples are given of uses of this pedagogical strategy in abstract algebra, calculus, and mathematical induction. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Synthesis, Structure, and Reactivity of Cerium(IV) Calix[4]arene Complexes
Authors: Gottfriedsen Jochen , Hagner Reimo , Spoida Marlies , Suchorski Yuri 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe equimolar reaction of Ce(hfac)4 (1) (hfac = 1,1,1,5,5,5‐hexafluoropentanedionato) with p‐tBu‐calix[4](OMe)2(OH)2 in toluene gave the new cerium(IV) calix[4]arene complex {p‐tBu‐calix[4](OMe)2(O)2}Ce(hfac)2 (2). The single‐crystal X‐ray structure shows the cone geometry of the calixarene ligand with the methoxy groups coordinated to the cerium; it shows slightly longer cerium–oxygen (acetylacetonate ligand) bond lengths than the corresponding bonds in the analogous nonfluorinated complex {p‐tBu‐calix[4](OMe)2(O)2}Ce(acac)2 (3). The bromination reaction of 3 gave the bisbrominated complex {p‐tBu‐calix[4](OMe)2(O)2}Ce(Br‐acac)2 (4). 1H NMR spectroscopic studies and a single‐crystal X‐ray structure of 4 revealed that the bromination took place in the 3‐position of the acac ligand. Furthermore, the first X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) evaluation of the Ce oxidation state in cerium calix[4]arene complexes 2 and 3 is presented, and X‐ray induced changes of Ceox in these complexes are detected. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Palm oil fractionation
Authors: Kellens Marc , Gibon Véronique , Hendrix Marc , De Greyt Wim 
Published: April 2007

AbstractModification techniques like fractionation, interesterification (chemical or enzymatic) and hydrogenation allow proposing a large range of new fatty products. At a time when “trans” fatty acids are questioned, fractionation of fats and oils catches more and more interest; in this context, dry fractionation is by far the simplest and cheapest fractional crystallization technique (no chemicals, no effluent and no losses). The oil processing industry uses dry fractionation to extend the application of a whole variety of fatty matters as well as to replace, fully or partially, the chemical modifications. Due to the continuous developments of the dry fractionation process, a whole variety of products normally produced by solvent fractionation can now be obtained with a high degree of selectivity with dry fractionation. As the crystallization operates in the bulk, viscosity problems limit the degree of crystallization in one single step, and multi‐step operations are currently used, giving rise to a wide range of fractions suitable for different applications. The secret is to combine proper crystal development with highly efficient separation by using membrane press filters allowing squeezing out the stearin cake for as much liquid occlusion (olein) as possible. The original booming of the dry fractionation process has helped mostly palm oil to conquer a strong position on the commodity market in one single stage; today, palm oil is without doubt the most widely fractionated oil. New demands for special cuts drifted the industry towards a more sophisticated approach: high‐iodine value super and top oleins, palm red fractions (high carotene and tocopherol/tocotrienol contents) or solvent‐free cocoa butter equivalents (palm mid fractions) are certainly what the future has in store.
Cross‐cultural assessment of eating disorders: psychometric properties of a Spanish version of the Bulimia Test‐Revised
Authors: Berrios‐Hernandez Mayra N. , Rodríguez‐Ruiz Sonia , Perez Marisol , Gleaves David H. , Maysonet Marielisa , Cepeda‐Benito Antonio 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of a Spanish version of the Bulimia Test‐Revised (BULIT‐R). The goal was to test the factor‐structure equivalence of the BULIT‐R across two samples of college students from two different cultures, Spain and the US. Researchers using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) have reported different model solutions for the factor‐structure of the BULIT‐R: a one‐factor model, a four‐factor model, a five‐factor model and a six‐factor model. For the two samples, CFA did not support any of the models previously reported in the literature. EFA supported a six‐ and a four‐factor models for the US and Spanish samples, respectively. © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Coarse bed load transport in an alluvial gravel bed stream, Dupuyer Creek, Montana
Authors: Whitaker Andrew C. , Potts Donald F. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractCoarse bed load was sampled in a gravel/cobble bed stream during two major floods in the snowmelt runoff season. The channel is characterized by high rates of bank erosion and, therefore, high rates of sediment supply and bed load flux. Peak discharge reached four times bank‐full, and bed load was sampled at flows 0·7–1·7 times bank‐full. A large aperture bed load sampler (1 m by 0·45 m) captured the largest particles in motion, and specifically targeted the coarse bed load size distribution by using a relatively large mesh (32 mm or D25 of streambed surface size distribution). Bed load flux was highly variable, with a peak value of 0·85 kg/s/m for the coarse fraction above 38 mm. Bed load size distribution and maximum particle size was related to flow strength. Entrainment was size selective for particles D70 and larger (88–155 mm), while particles in the range D30–D70 (35–88 mm) ceased to move at essentially the same flow. Bed load flux was size selective in that coarse fractions of the streambed surface were under‐represented in or absent from the bed load. Painted tracer particles revealed that the streambed surface in the riffles could remain stable even during high rates of bed load transport. These observations suggest that a large proportion of bed load sediments was sourced from outside the riffles. Repeat surveys confirmed major scour and fill in pools (up to 0·75 m), and bank erosion (>2 m), which together contributed large volumes of sediment to the bed load. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.