bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metallorganische Aminophosphine und Phosphinimine
Authors: Scherer Otto J. , Schieder Gerd 
Published: June 2007

AbstractAmino‐di‐tert.‐butyl‐phosphin (1), dargestellt durch Ammonolyse von Chlor‐di‐tert.‐butylphosphin, wird mit n‐Butyllithium metalliert und mit Trimethylelementhalogeniden zu N‐Organometall‐aminophosphinen (2a–d) umgesetzt. Die isomere Phophiniminform kann durch das 1H‐NMR‐ und IR‐Spektrum sowie durch Oxydation mit Schwefel zu den Sulfiden 3a–c, mit Trimethylsilylazid zum N.N′‐Organometall‐aminophosphinimin 5 sowie mit Tetrachlorkohlenstoff zu den Chlorphosphiniminen 4a–c ausgeschlossen werden. Die Zweitmetallierung und Substitution der N‐Organometall‐aminophosphine durch Trimethylelementhalogenide ergibt N.P‐Organometall‐phosphinimine (10a–f), bei denen erstmals eine Phosphinimin‐Isomerie auftritt. Ihre gezielte Alkoholyse erlaubt den experimentellen Nachweis einer PH → NH‐Tautomerie. Für ((CH3)3C)2P(NSi(CH3)3)–NHSi(CH3)3 (5) Kann anhand des 1H‐NMR‐Spektrums ein intermolekularer Proton‐Austausch nachgewiesen werden. Seine Alkoholyse ergibt quantitativ ((CH3)3C)2P(NH)–NH2 (15). Trimethylsilylazid reagiert mit Amino‐di‐tert.‐butyl‐phosphin zu N‐bzw. N.N′‐silylierten Aminophosphiniminen (5, 13) und Diamino‐di‐tert.‐butyl‐phosphoniumazid (14).
Zur Tautomerie des Actinorhodins und 2.2′‐Binaphthazarins
Authors: Brockmann Hans , Zeeck Axel 
Published: June 2007

AbstractDurch NMR‐spektroskopischen Vergleich mit Modellverbindungen wird bewiesen, daß von den zehn formal möglichen Tautomeren des Actinorhodins in Lösung ganz überwiegend 2a vorliegt und daß Acetylierung von Actinorhodin‐dimethylester sowie 2.2′‐Binaphthazarin nur das Tetraacetat 2b bzw. 3b des Tautomeren 2c bzw. 3a liefert. – Im Gegensatz zur Methylierung wird die Acetylierung kernsubstituierter Naphthazarine thermodynamisch gelenkt und gibt daher das Acetat des in Lösung dominierenden Tautomeren.
Molecular Optical Switches: Synthesis, Structure, and Photoluminescence of Spirosila Compounds
Authors: Yan Duanchao , Mohsseni‐Ala Javad , Auner Norbert , Bolte Michael , Bats Jan W. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractStarting from a silicon dichloro substituted silole and a silacyclobutene, a series of new organosilicon‐based spiro compounds was synthesized by using standard organometallic reaction procedures. The spiro compounds that combine two organic photoactive subunits at one silicon center were fully characterized by the usual analytical and spectroscopic methods, which include molecular structure determination by single‐crystal X‐ray analysis. Photoluminescence spectra of the compounds were recorded in the solid state and also as dilute solutions in THF. Interpretation of the spectra revealed that photoluminescence in this series of compounds originated from the stilbene or its vinylogue subunits. Different linkages of these groups to the silicon atoms (cyclic or open structures, four‐ or five‐membered cycles) strongly affected both the excitation and the emission spectra, which show different emission maxima depending on the state of the sample (solid state or in solution) and the wavelength of light used for excitation. Thus, owing to their optoelectronic properties these compounds might be useful tools for the design of sensitive sensor materials and of optical switches.
Experimental Studies on the trans‐Influence of Boryl Ligands in Square‐Planar Platinum(II) Complexes
Authors: Braunschweig Holger , Brenner Peter , Müller Andreas , Radacki Krzysztof , Rais Daniela , Uttinger Katharina 
Published: June 2007

AbstractA series of platinum(II) boryl complexes of general formula trans‐[(Cy3P)2Pt(Br)(BX2)], including the rare dibromoboryl species trans‐[(Cy3P)2Pt(Br)(BBr2)], were synthesized by oxidative addition of the BBr bond of a number of bromoboranes to [Pt(PCy3)2]. X‐ray diffraction studies were performed on several such compounds. Comparison of the PtBr bond lengths allowed an empirical assessment of the trans‐influence of different boryl ligands. A trans‐influence scale was thus deduced and the results were compared with those previously computed for compounds of the type trans‐[(Me3P)2Pt(Cl)(BX2)].
Short‐ and long‐term changes of flow‐mediated vasodilation in patients under statin therapy
Authors: Frick Matthias , Alber Hannes F. , Hügel Heike , Schwarzacher Severin P. , Pachinger Otmar , Weidinger Franz 
Published: June 2007

AbstractBackground: Flow‐mediated vasodilation (FMD) of the brachial artery (BA) has been shown to improve in response to lipid‐lowering therapy and other therapeutic interventions, usually within 1 to 2 months. Whether FMD remains improved under therapy in the longer term is unknown.Hypothesis: The aim of this study was to examine the short‐and long‐term changes of FMD under statin therapy.Methods: Flow‐mediated vasodilation and nitroglycerin‐mediated vasodilation (NMD) of the BA were measured with high‐resolution ultrasound (13 MHz) at baseline and at 4 and 10 months in 18 consecutively recruited patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), in whom statin therapy was newly established.Results: The decrease of total plasma cholesterol levels after4 and 10 months of statin therapy (243 ± 31 vs. 186 ± 30 vs. 191 ± 40 mg/dl; p < 0.001) was accompanied by an increase in FMD from 4.4 ± 3.8% at baseline to 9.6 ± 2.7% at 4 months and to 9.5 ± 2.6%at 10 months (p < 0.001). Nitroglycerin‐mediated vasodilation showed a trend toward improvement after 4 months (14.6 ± 7.5 vs. 19.1 ± 3.6 vs. 19.4 ± 5.6%; NS). The FMD/NMD ratio also rose significantly after 4 months and remained improved after 10 months of statin therapy (0.31 ± 0.25 vs. 0.52 ± 0.16 vs. 0.50 ± 0.14; p < 0.01).Conclusion: Statin therapy is associated with sustained improvement of endothelial function up to 10 months. These data support the utility of FMD for the assessment of vascular function in response to lipid‐lowering therapy or other therapeutic interventions in long‐term studies.
Isolated noncompaction left ventricular myocardium and polymorphic ventricular tachycardia
Authors: Serés Luis , Lopez Jorge , Larrousse Eduardo , Moya Angel , Pereferrer Damian , Valle Vicente 
Published: June 2007

AbstractA 57‐year‐old woman with syncope was admitted. She had a family history of sudden death: two brothers had died suddenly at the age of 47. Transesophageal echocardiography showed numerous prominent trabeculations and deep intertrabecular recesses in the anterior and lateroapical zones. Isotopic left ventricular ejection fraction was 46%. Cardiac catheterization showed coronary arteries with no angiographic lesions. A prominent trabecular zone and deep intertrabecular recesses were seen in the anterior wall on left ventriculography. Right ventriculography was normal. The diagnosis of isolated noncompaction left ventricular myocardium was established. Continuous 24‐h electrocardiographic registry showed episodes of polymorphic ventricular tachycardia. Programmed ventricular stimulation performed at the right ventricular apex with up to three extrastimuli failed to induce ventricular arrhythmias. Treatment with beta blockers was initiated, but short runs of polymorphic ventricular tachycardia persisted. A dual‐chamber automatic implantable defibrillator was implanted. We discuss the physiopathology of the arrhythmia. It appears that several factors could be responsible for the malignant arrhythmias in this entity.
Recent trends of gallbladder cancer in Japan
Authors: Kayahara Masato , Nagakawa Takukazu 
Published: June 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND.Gallbladder cancer is the most common cancer of the biliary tract and has a particularly high incidence in Chile, Japan, and northern India. Many Japanese surgeons have reported that aggressive surgery improves the outcome of patients with gallbladder cancer. Differences in survival rates between Japan and other countries have been noted. The objective of this study was to determine whether there were any changes over time in the incidence, therapeutic approach, stage at diagnosis, or prognosis of gallbladder cancer in an unselected, community‐based series of patients in Japan.METHODS.In total, 4774 patients with gallbladder cancer were analyzed between 1988 and 1997 based on data from the Biliary Tract Cancer Registration Committee of the Japanese Society of Biliary Surgery.RESULTS.Survival was related closely to surgical stage, with 5‐year survival rates of 77% for patients with stage I disease, 60% for patients with stage II disease, 29% for patients with stage III disease, 12% for patients with stage IVA disease, and 3% for patients with stage IVB disease. Patient age also affected survival. The survival rate for patients aged <49 years was significantly better compared with the survival rate for patients in the other groups (P < .05). The 5‐year survival rate for patients aged <49 years was 38%. The survival rate for patients aged >79 years was significantly worse compared with the survival rate for patients in the other 4 groups (P < .01). The 5‐year survival rate for patients aged >79 years was 21%. Stratifying patients by stage according to the Japanese Society of Biliary Surgery classification showed that women maintained a survival advantage over men among patients with stage I and II disease. Adjuvant chemotherapy did not provide a survival benefit. There were no apparent changes in patient demographics between the period from 1988 to 1992 and the period from 1993 to 1997.CONCLUSIONS.For this study, the authors evaluated the gallbladder cancer trends in Japan. The Classification of Biliary Tract Carcinoma proposed by the Japanese Society of Biliary Surgery reflected the prognosis of patients with gallbladder cancer. Patient outcomes were affected by patient age and sex. No substantial differences in patient survival were apparent over the 10‐year study period. The data did not support any advantage for aggressive surgical resection and adjuvant chemotherapy. Further analysis of operative procedures will be necessary to determine conclusively whether there is any survival advantage from aggressive surgery in patients with advanced gallbladder cancer. Cancer 2007. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
Phase 2 trial of epothilone B analog BMS‐247550 (ixabepilone) in advanced carcinoma of the urothelium (E3800)
Authors: Dreicer Robert , Li Shuli , Manola Judith , Haas Naomi B. , Roth Bruce J. , Wilding George 
Published: June 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND.Paclitaxel and docetaxel are active agents in advanced urothelial cancer. BMS‐247550 (ixabepilone) has activity in preclinical models in paclitaxel resistant models. A phase 2 trial of this epothilone was performed to determine the activity and toxicity of this agent in a multi‐institutional setting in patients previously treated with 1 prior chemotherapy regimen.METHODS.Forty‐five patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma were treated with BMS‐247550 40 mg/m2 over 3 hours intravenously on Day 1 of a 21‐day cycle and continued therapy until progression or unacceptable toxicity.RESULTS.Five patients obtained an objective partial response (PR) among the 42 eligible patients for an overall response rate of 11.9% (90% confidence interval [5.3%, 26.5%]). Median overall survival of the group was 8 months. Toxicity was moderate with granulocytopenia, fatigue, and sensory neuropathy being the most common side effects noted.CONCLUSIONS.BMS‐247550 (ixabepilone) has very modest activity as a second‐line therapy for advanced urothelial cancer. Responses in visceral, nodal, and soft tissues sites were observed. Granulocytopenia without fever, fatigue, and sensory neuropathy was common. Cancer 2007. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
IFN‐γ regulates Fas ligand expression in human CD4+ T lymphocytes and controls their anti‐mycobacterial cytotoxic functions
Authors: Boselli Daniela , Losana Giuliana , Bernabei Paola , Bosisio Daniela , Drysdale Pamela , Kiessling Rolf , Gaston John. S. H. , Lammas David , Casanova Jean‐Laurent , Kumararatne Dinakantha S. , Novelli Francesco 
Published: June 2007

AbstractFas and Fas Ligand (FasL) expression, activation‐induced cell death (AICD) and mycobacterial antigen‐specific cytotoxicity of peripheral T cells from patients with complete inherited IFN‐γ receptor 1 binding chain deficiency (IFN‐γR1–/–) were investigated. Fas was equally expressed in both normal and deficient T lymphoblasts and they underwent apoptosis when stimulated with agonist anti‐Fas mAb. By contrast, T lymphoblasts and CD4+ T cell clones (TCC) from deficient patients displayed a reduced surface FasL expression and resistance to AICD. CD8+ TCC from healthy and deficient patients displayed similar high level of FasL and susceptibility to AICD. In Jurkat CD4+ T cells competent to transduce IFN‐γ signaling, IFN‐γ induced surface FasL export and their Fas‐dependent apoptosis. Effector T cells generated from a patient with a dominant negative mutation of IFN‐γR1 (IFN‐γR1DN) following stimulation with mycobacterial antigens were unable to kill MHC class II‐matched, mycobacterial antigen‐pulsed macrophages. Normal Fas expression in T cells and FasL in CD8+ cells may account for the absence of autoimmune disorders in these patients. Conversely, defective FasL expression on IFN‐γR1DN CD4+ T cells impairs their cytotoxic functions and highlights a novel role for IFN‐γ signaling in the control of mycobacterial infection in humans.
Silicomolybdate‐Doped PEDOT Modified Electrode: Electrocatalytic Reduction of Bromate and Oxidation of Ascorbic Acid
Authors: Balamurugan A. , Chen Shen‐Ming 
Published: June 2007

AbstractElectrically conducting poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) film doped with silicomolybdate (SiMo12O404− or SiMo12) was synthesized by electrochemical polymerization. The synthesized film is capable of fast charge propagation during redox reactions in strong acid medium 0.2 M H2SO4 solution. The modified electrode was used towards reduction of bromate and successfully employed as an amperometric sensor for bromate and also above modified electrode was investigated for ascorbic acid oxidation.
On the Initial Stages of Electrooxidation of Aqueous Maleic Acid on Bi‐Doped PbO2
Authors: Borras Carlos , Monroy Anginel , Mostany Jorge , Scharifker Benjamin R. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractOxidation of maleic acid in aqueous solution on bismuth‐doped lead oxide has been studied. The effects of hydrodynamic conditions on the oxidation rate have been identified. The number of electrons transferred during the initial stages of oxidation as well as the apparent heterogeneous rate constant was obtained from the combined analysis of rotating ring‐disk currents and the decrease of concentration at constant potential, determined from UV‐vis measurements. The number of electrons involved during electrochemical oxidation was found to be 12, indicating full mineralization to CO2, and the heterogeneous rate constant for oxidation at 1.6 V was 9.8×105 cm s−1.
Essential oil variation among Brazilian accessions of Salvia guaranitica L.
Authors: Carrer R. P. , Vanderlinde R. , Dutra S. , Marcon A. , Echeverrigaray S. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe oil from leaves of Salvia guaranitica Benth. accessions from southern Brazil obtained by hydrodistillation is reported. GC–MS analyses revealed sesquiterpene‐rich oils characterized by high concentrations of germacrene D, β‐caryophyllene and δ‐cadinene. Qualitative and quantitative differences were observed among the accessions, enabling them to be assigned to three clusters. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Data assimilation of forecasted errors in hydrodynamic models using inter‐model correlations
Authors: Mancarella D. , Babovic V. , Keijzer M. , Simeone V. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractData‐assimilation techniques of the Kalman filter type are considered to be the state‐of‐the‐art approach for combining data information and deterministic numerical models with the objective of operational forecasting. This paper introduces, as an alternative, a faster and simpler data‐assimilation technique that exploits inter‐model correlations to distribute predicted errors. This scheme is performed in two steps: (i) prediction of the deterministic model errors at observation points using so‐called local linear models and (ii) distribution of the forecasted errors over the computational domain employing a scheme based on deterministic inter‐model correlations which describe the spatial nature of error structure. The method's advantage is that systematic error can be predicted by the error correction scheme, while the dynamics remain described by the deterministic model, which also establishes a basis for the spatial error distribution scheme. This relatively simple approach is inspired by original Kalman filter techniques but distinguishes error prediction and distribution in two different stages, hence allowing for data‐driven error forecasting and off‐line correction. In order to test the scheme's performance, a deterministic model of an artificial bay was constructed and run. The system was driven by specific forcing conditions and characterized by physical parameters that, in subsequent simulations, were deliberately manipulated to introduce errors into the model and test the scheme's capability. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
If it ain't broke, don't price fix it: the OFT and the PPRS
Authors: Towse Adrian 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe Office of Fair Trading (OFT) Report on the UK Pharmaceutical Price Regulation Scheme (PPRS) recommends that when the current five‐year PPRS expires in 2010 it be replaced with ‘value‐based pricing’ which involves pre‐launch centralised government price setting based on a cost‐per‐QALY threshold plus periodic ex post reviews. I examine the validity of the OFTs criticisms of the existing PPRS, review its proposals and propose an alternative way forward. I conclude that PPRS has performed well as a procurement bargain between industry and the UK government. It does not, however, incentivise efficient relative prices. That is not its job. I identify a number of problems with the OFT proposals. I recommend that key elements of a reformed UK pharmaceutical environment for 2010 should include an expanded role for HTA but with companies retaining freedom to set prices at launch; HTA use targeted via a contingent value of information approach; a retained backstop PPRS, perhaps moving to an RPI‐X type control; the use of risk sharing and non‐linear pricing arrangements; measures to ensure more effective therapeutic switching at local level; and measures to improve the take up of cost‐effective treatments. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Triphasic decline of hepatitis C virus RNA during antiviral therapy
Authors: Dahari Harel , Ribeiro Ruy M. , Perelson Alan S. 
Published: June 2007

Abstract

When patients chronically infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) are placed on antiviral therapy with pegylated interferon (IFN)-α or IFN-α plus ribavirin (RBV), HCV RNA generally declines in a biphasic manner. However, a triphasic decline has been reported in a subset of patients. A triphasic decline consists of a first phase (1-2 days) with rapid virus load decline, followed by a “shoulder phase” (4-28 days) in which virus load decays slowly or remains constant, and a third phase of renewed viral decay. We show that by including the proliferation of both uninfected and infected cells, a viral kinetic model can account for a triphasic HCV RNA decay. The model predicts that a triphasic decline occurs only in patients in which a majority of hepatocytes are infected before therapy. The shoulder phase does not represent the intrinsic death rate of infected cells, but rather the third phase slope is close to the intrinsic death rate of infected cells when overall drug efficacy is close to 1.

Conclusion:

Triphasic responses can be predicted from a generalization of existent viral kinetic models through the inclusion of homeostatic proliferation of hepatocytes. This generalized model can also explain the viral kinetics seen in flat partial responders. Finally, the enhanced third phase in patients treated with IFN-α in combination with RBV versus patients treated with IFN-α alone can be explained by a mutagenic effect of RBV against HCV. (HEPATOLOGY 2007;46:16–21.)
Lentivirus-mediated RNA interference targeting enhancer of zeste homolog 2 inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma growth through down-regulation of stathmin
Authors: Chen Yangchao , Lin Marie C. , Yao Hong , Wang Hua , Zhang Ai-Qun , Yu Jun , Hui Chee-kin , Lau George K. , He Ming-liang , Sung Joseph , Kung Hsiang-fu 
Published: June 2007

Abstract

Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) has been shown to be overexpressed in hepatocellular (HCC). We investigated the potential role of EZH2 in HCC tumorigenesis and examined the usefulness of RNA interference (RNAi) targeting EZH2 as a form of HCC treatment. Lentivirus-mediated RNAi was employed to knock-down EZH2 expression in human hepatoma cells to study the function of EZH2 in tumorigenesis and evaluate the treatment efficacy. Lentivirus-mediated RNAi effectively reduced EZH2 expression. Suppression of EZH2 in HCC cells significantly reduced their growth rate in vitro and markedly diminished their tumorigenicity in vivo. Moreover, in a mice model of established large-sized HCC, we showed that intratumor injection of lentiviral (Lenti)-shRNA (short hairpin RNA) or siRNA (small interfering RNA) targeting EZH2 produced significant tumor regression. To understand its molecular mechanism of action, we employed proteomic profiling technique and found that stathmin 1 is the downstream target of EZH2, as Lenti-shEZH2 treatment decreased stathmin protein expression, and ectopic overexpression of stathmin prevented Lenti-shEZH2 mediated tumor growth inhibition.

Conclusion:

Results from our study suggested for the first time that EZH2 plays a key role in HCC tumorigenesis, and is a novel therapeutic target for HCC. (HEPATOLOGY 2007;46:200–208.)
A systems biology approach to the pathogenesis of obesity-related nonalcoholic fatty liver disease using reverse phase protein microarrays for multiplexed cell signaling analysis
Authors: Calvert Valerie S. , Collantes Rochelle , Elariny Hazem , Afendy Arian , Baranova Ancha , Mendoza Michael , Goodman Zachary , Liotta Lance A. , Petricoin Emanuel F. , Younossi Zobair M. 
Published: June 2007

Abstract

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common cause of chronic liver disease. Omental adipose tissue, a biologically active organ secreting adipokines and cytokines, may play a role in the development of NAFLD. We tested this hypothesis with reverse-phase protein microarrays (RPA) for multiplexed cell signaling analysis of adipose tissue from patients with NAFLD. Omental adipose tissue was obtained from 99 obese patients. Liver biopsies obtained at the time of surgery were all read by the same hepatopathologist. Adipose tissue was exposed to rapid pressure cycles to extract protein lysates. RPA was used to investigate intracellular signaling. Analysis of 54 different kinase substrates and cell signaling endpoints showed that an insulin signaling pathway is deranged in different locations in NAFLD patients. Furthermore, components of insulin receptor–mediated signaling differentiate most of the conditions on the NAFLD spectrum. For example, PKA (protein kinase A) and AKT/mTOR (protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin) pathway derangement accurately discriminates patients with NASH from those with the non-progressive forms of NAFLD. PKC (protein kinase C) delta, AKT, and SHC phosphorylation changes occur in patients with simple steatosis. Amounts of the FKHR (forkhead factor Foxo1)phosphorylated at S256 residue were significantly correlated with AST/ALT ratio in all morbidly obese patients. Furthermore, amounts of cleaved caspase 9 and pp90RSK S380 were positively correlated in patients with NASH. Specific insulin pathway signaling events are altered in the adipose tissue of patients with NASH compared with patients with nonprogressive forms of NAFLD.

Conclusion:

These findings provide evidence for the role of omental fat in the pathogenesis, and potentially, the progression of NAFLD. (HEPATOLOGY 2007;46:166–172.)