bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
11 Kimmeridge Clay Formation, United Kingdom—A Mesozoic Clastic-Carbonate Shelf-to-Intrashelf Basin System: An Outcrop-to-Subsurface Analog for the Haynesville, Vaca Muerta, and Bazhenov Formations
Authors: Bohacs K. M. , Macquaker J. , Lazar O. R. 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACTThe Kimmeridge Clay Formation of the Wessex Basin, United Kingdom, illustrates the expression of sequence-stratigraphic surfaces and units in a relatively restricted Mesozoic clastic shelf to relatively distal basin setting. This formation is of similar age and depositional setting to the Haynesville Formation (USA), Vaca Muerta Formation (Argentina), and Bazhenov Shale (Russia) but differs significantly in basin configuration and resultant depositional geometries.This chapter describes in detail the steps of the application of the sequence-stratigraphic method to the mudstone-dominated, organic-matter–rich interval around the Blackstone Band (Tithonian, Wessex Basin, UK) using a subset of the many datasets available for the Kimmeridge Clay Formation. We described 50 m of outcrop section at a 1:10 scale, constructed six detailed cross sections, correlated 21 parasequences across the basin, and mapped systems tracts. The insights gained by this approach allowed us to explain rock-property variations at a local to regional scale.Meter-scale stratal units and significant stratigraphic surfaces (flooding surfaces, sequence boundaries) could be correlated over more than 25,000 km2 in a depositional setting where no single sediment-accumulation process (organic-matter production, destruction, or dilution) obviously dominated across the entire area. In this setting, inherited and syndepositionally evolving bathymetry influenced sediment deposition and thickness trends, and controlled the distribution of rock properties.At the parasequence scale, the highest enrichment of organic matter occurs not only just above the basal flooding surface but also in some, more distal, areas, a short distance above. At the depositional-sequence scale, lateral changes in thickness occur not just by proportional thickening and thinning (“aggradation”) but also by stratal terminations by truncation, onlap, and downlap.A comparison of systems-tract–scale maps with ammonite-zone maps illustrates that the higher resolution sequence-stratigraphic framework has the potential to reveal more about mud accumulation and the influences on rock properties and their lateral variation.
13 Monterey Formation, Miocene, California, U.S.A.—A Cenozoic Biosiliceous-Dominated Continental Slope to Basin Setting: A Billion-Barrel Deep-Water Mudstone Reservoir and Source Rock
Authors: Bohacs K. M. , Ferrin A. 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACTThe Monterey Formation illustrates the expression of sequence-stratigraphic surfaces and units in continental slope and basin settings that are quite unlike those of most mudstone units considered thus far in this book. These strata span a wide variety of siliceous, calcareous, argillaceous, phosphatic, and kerogenous composition, detrital, biogenic, and authigenic origins, and clay to cobble grain size.The Monterey Formation poses particular challenges with its deposition of dominantly biogenic sediments in a variety of deep-basinal environs in an active tectonic region. This chapter shows how applying the sequence-stratigraphic method and approach (from first principles), even to a relatively unfamiliar setting, can provide insights into the accumulation of rocks enriched in organic matter and biogenic material as well as the complex distribution of its time-transgressive facies.The dominant sediment influx was biogenic, composed mostly of diatoms and controlled by primary organic production. The dominant organic-matter input was almost exclusively from diatoms, also controlled by primary organic production. However, intervals with highest sediment accumulation rates do not have the highest organic-matter content but are dominantly biosiliceous, with little organic matter. This dominantly biogenic distal setting offers an opportunity to examine sequence stratigraphy and its relation to organic-matter content and biosilica accumulation where sediment accumulation rates are strongly related to organic-production rates under relatively constant preservational conditions and input of uniform organic matter with relatively low input of siliciclastic detritus and variable downslope influx of reworked biogenic material. At the macro to meso scale, sequence boundaries are marked by truncation below and onlap above, and maximum flooding surfaces are marked by downlap above and conformable strata below, even in this relatively distal, deep-water setting. Parasequence boundaries are particularly well highlighted by early diagenetic evidence of significant pauses in sediment accumulation—most notably, dolomite cement and phosphorite nodules.This chapter illustrates the systematic approach we used for developing a stratigraphic framework consistent with observations that range from seismic to geochemistry. This framework and a few basic concepts enable one to develop predictive capabilities in continental margins settings.
16 Controls on Stratal Record: Mechanisms and Contingencies Affecting Sediment Supply and Accommodation
Authors: Bohacs Kevin M. 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACTThis chapter addresses controls on the stratigraphic record: the mechanisms, processes, and contingencies affecting sediment supply and accommodation and the resulting stratal surfaces and units. Although it is not necessary to know the forcing mechanisms of sequence formation to construct a sequence-stratigraphic framework and map the distribution of rock properties, it is commonly useful to incorporate one’s understanding of key processes to provide predictive capabilities away from sample control.Many factors influence the development and expression of parasequences and depositional sequences. These factors can be grouped usefully into two main categories: processes (sediment supply and accommodation) and contingencies (inherited and coeval factors that condition the effects of those processes). The main components of sediment supply include detrital, biogenic, and authigenic processes as well as lateral and temporal changes thereof; the components of accommodation include those processes that affect the upper and lower boundaries of sediment accumulation. Contingencies exert a significant influence on the expression of sequence-stratigraphic surfaces and units because they affect when, where, and how the processes of sediment supply and accommodation operate. Four main contingencies affect all depositional settings and generally do not change significantly during a depositional sequence: (1) geological age, (2) plate-tectonic setting, (3) paleolatitude, and (4) paleogeography at the continental and basinal scale. Other contingencies tend to be specific to particular types of depositional settings or change significantly during accumulation; these include (1) inherited and evolving bathymetry, (2) climate mode, and (3) ocean chemistry.Ultimately, it is difficult to uniquely identify causal mechanisms because of the many influences on accommodation and sediment supply and the commonly convergent effects of those influences (i.e., similar stratal patterns can result from various combinations of influences). Knowledge of mechanisms is not, however, an essential part of the sequence-stratigraphic approach (and is potentially not possible in many circumstances—especially not from the stratal patterns alone). Sequence stratigraphy allows construction of a comprehensive and useful stratigraphic framework based on a single criterion—the physical relations of the strata themselves—that reveals genetically related rocks.
Self-reported uptake of STI testing services among adolescents and young people aged 15–24 years: Findings from the Yathu Yathu cluster randomized trial in Lusaka, Zambia
Authors: Hensen Bernadette , Phiri Mwelwa M. , Sigande Lucheka , Schaap Ab , Simuyaba Melvin , Zulu-Phiri Rosemary , Mwape Louis , Floyd Sian , Fidler Sarah , Hayes Richard , Simwinga Musonda , Ayles Helen 
Published: March 2024

There is little evidence regarding community-based delivery of STI testing and treatment for youth aged 15–24 (AYP) in Zambia. In a cluster-randomised trial, we evaluated whether offering syndromic STI screening through community-based, peer-led sexual and reproductive health services (Yathu Yathu) with referral to a local health facility for testing, increased self-reported testing for STIs (other than HIV) among AYP. Two communities in Lusaka were divided into 10 zones each (20 zones in total); by community, zones were randomly allocated (1:1) to Yathu Yathu or control. Monitoring data were used to describe syndromic STI screening through Yathu Yathu and an endline cross-sectional survey used to evaluate the impact of Yathu Yathu on self-reported ever and recent (last 12 months) STI testing. 10,974 AYP accessed Yathu Yathu; 66.6% (females—67.7%; males—64.7%) were screened for STIs, 6.2% reported any STI symptoms. In the endline survey, 23.3% (n = 350/1501) of AYP who ever had sex ever STI tested; 13.5% (n = 174/1498) who had sex in the last 12 months recently STI tested. By trial arm, there was no difference in self-reported ever or recent STI testing among all AYP. Among men aged 20–24, there was evidence that ever STI testing was higher in the Yathu Yathu compared to control arm (24.1% vs 16.1%; adjPR = 1.67 95%CI = 1.02, 2.74; p = 0.04). Among AYP who ever STI tested, 6.6% (n = 23) reported ever being diagnosed with an STI. Syndromic STI management through community-based, peer-led services showed no impact on self-reported STI testing among AYP. Research on community-based delivery of (near) point-of-care diagnostics is needed.
Trial registration number(s): NCT04060420 https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04060420; and ISRCTN75609016; https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN75609016.
Subjective walkability perceived by children and adolescents living in urban environments: A study protocol for participatory methods and scale development in the WALKI-MUC project
Authors: Scheller Daniel Alexander , Bachner Joachim 
Published: March 2024

Background
Youth’s perceptions of a city or neighbourhood’s walkability are important for determining the physical activity (PA) friendliness of their environment. Traditional objective measures of walkability fail to incorporate children and youth’s (CY) subjective perceptions of places that they perceive as supportive for play and exercise. Internationally, the most promising subjective measure is the Neighborhood Environment Walkability Scale for Youth (NEWS-Y) questionnaire. Yet, the NEWS-Y is not available for German-speaking adolescents. In the WALKI-MUC project, a combination of participatory research methods is used to identify CY’s perceptions of PA-friendly places in Munich, Germany. Based on the findings, a German version of the NEWS-Y (NEWS-Y-G) for subjective walkability measurement is developed.

Methods and design
CY aged six to 17 years from neighbourhoods with different objectively-measured walkability, take part in photovoice, walking interviews and mapping to gather their perceptions of PA-friendly places. The participatory study begins with an introductory workshop and concludes with a follow-up workshop, where characteristics of PA-friendly places are discussed in focus groups. In between these workshops, participants complete a photo mission with a walking interview, allowing for individual significance of PA-related places to be shared in a one-on-one setting with the researcher. The findings are used to adapt and translate the NEWS-Y for the German context. The newly developed NEWS-Y-G is then used to measure the subjective walkability perceived by a representative sample of adolescents in Munich.

Discussion
The WALKI-MUC project introduces a participatory methodology for researchers and urban planners to assess subjective walkability with CY. The combination of qualitative and quantitative walkability measurements is described in this study protocol. Findings on PA-friendly places contribute to environmental psychology and the development of the NEWS-Y-G adds a German-language instrument for subjective walkability measurement.
Assessment of agricultural drought in Iraq employing Landsat and MODIS imagery
Authors: Hatem Israa , Alwan Imzahim A. , Ziboon Abdul Razzak T. , Kuriqi Alban 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Climate change poses an urgent global challenge in water resource management, with drought emerging as a pervasive threat worldwide. Over the past two decades, Iraq has faced severe droughts, categorized into meteorological, agricultural, hydrological, and socioeconomic types. Agricultural drought, marked by prolonged soil moisture deficits due to insufficient rainfall, often leads to crop failures. This comprehensive study delves into the impact of drought on Iraq’s vegetation cover from 2000 to 2022, utilizing advanced tools like remote sensing (RS) and geographic information systems. The normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) facilitated the creation of multitemporal drought maps. Employing Landsat satellite imagery and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) vegetation indices, the study revealed 2000, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2012, and 2022 as the most drought-prone years. In specific years such as 2000, 2008, 2010, and 2009, Landsat imagery showcased the lowest vegetation cover percentages (3.356, 4.984, 5.112, and 5.409%, respectively), while MODIS data indicated the lowest percentages in 2008, 2000, 2009, 2012, and 2022 (11.122, 11.260, 12.580, 13.026, and 14.445%, respectively). This study underscores the pivotal role of RS, particularly NDVI, as a valuable tool for agricultural drought early warning systems. The findings highlight the effectiveness of NDVI as a simple and cost-efficient index for monitoring changes in vegetation conditions and assessing the impact of droughts on agriculture.
New sequence spaces derived by using generalized arithmetic divisor sum function and compact operators
Authors: Yaying Taja , Saikia Nipen , Mursaleen Mohammad 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Define an infinite matrix

D
α

=

(

d

n
,
v

α

)

\mathfrak{D}^{\alpha}=(d^{\alpha}_{n,v})

by

d

n
,
v

α

=

{

v
α

σ

(
α
)

⁢

(
n
)

,

v
∣
n

,

0
,

v
∤
n

,

d^{\alpha}_{n,v}=\begin{cases}\dfrac{v^{\alpha}}{\sigma^{(\alpha)}(n)},&v\mid n,\\
0,&v\nmid n,\end{cases}

where

σ

(
α
)

⁢

(
n
)

\sigma^{(\alpha)}(n)

is defined to be the sum of the 𝛼-th power of the positive divisors of

n
∈
N

n\in\mathbb{N}

, and construct the matrix domains

ℓ
p

⁢

(

D
α

)

\ell_{p}(\mathfrak{D}^{\alpha})

(

0
<
p
<
∞

0<p<\infty

),

c
0

⁢

(

D
α

)

c_{0}(\mathfrak{D}^{\alpha})

,

c
⁢

(

D
α

)

c(\mathfrak{D}^{\alpha})

and

ℓ
∞

⁢

(

D
α

)

\ell_{\infty}(\mathfrak{D}^{\alpha})

defined by the matrix

D
α

\mathfrak{D}^{\alpha}

.
We develop Schauder bases and determine 𝛼-, 𝛽- and 𝛾-duals of these new spaces.
We characterize some matrix transformation from

ℓ
p

⁢

(

D
α

)

\ell_{p}(\mathfrak{D}^{\alpha})

,

c
0

⁢

(

D
α

)

c_{0}(\mathfrak{D}^{\alpha})

,

c
⁢

(

D
α

)

c(\mathfrak{D}^{\alpha})

and

ℓ
∞

⁢

(

D
α

)

\ell_{\infty}(\mathfrak{D}^{\alpha})

to

ℓ
∞

\ell_{\infty}

, 𝑐,

c
0

c_{0}

and

ℓ
1

\ell_{1}

.
Furthermore, we determine some criteria for compactness of an operator (or matrix) from

X
∈

{

ℓ
p

⁢

(

D
α

)

,

c
0

⁢

(

D
α

)

,

c
⁢

(

D
α

)

,

ℓ
∞

⁢

(

D
α

)

}

X\in\{\ell_{p}(\mathfrak{D}^{\alpha}),c_{0}(\mathfrak{D}^{\alpha}),c(\mathfrak{D}^{\alpha}),\ell_{\infty}(\mathfrak{D}^{\alpha})\}

to

ℓ
∞

\ell_{\infty}

, 𝑐,

c
0

c_{0}

or

ℓ
1

\ell_{1}

.
Kant on Judgment and Feeling
Authors: Dunn Nicholas 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
It is well known that Kant connects judgment and feeling in the third Critique. However, the precise relationship between these two faculties remains virtually unexplored, in large part due to the unpopularity of Kant’s faculty psychology. This paper considers why, for Kant, judgment and feeling go together, arguing that he had good philosophical reasons for forging this connection. The discussion begins by situating these faculties within Kant’s mature faculty psychology. While the ‘power of judgment’ [Urteilskraft] is fundamentally reflective, feeling [Gefühl] reveals itself as essentially non-discursive. Their systematic connection emerges through the principle of purposiveness [Zweckmäßigkeit], which the former legislates for the latter. I claim that we must understand this notion in terms of the suitability of the faculties for each other, as displayed in mere reflection. That is, we can only recognize the fitness of two things for each other through feeling, which, in turn, is the only way that we can engage in the activity of merely reflecting judgment. I conclude by gesturing at an even further way in which judgment and feeling are related, based on their mutual role in orienting all of the faculties of the human mind.
The Use of Acute Exercise Interventions as Priming Strategies to Improve Physical Performance During Track-and-Field Competitions: A Systematic Review
Authors: Tan Kairui , Kakehata Gaku , Lim Julian 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
The use of exercise interventions to maximize athletes' performance is a common practice in competitions. This systematic review aimed to compile research that explored the effectiveness of priming strategies to maximize physical performance in track and field. The literature search was conducted from PubMed and Scopus. One hundred eighty-two studies were assessed against the inclusion criteria: (a) minimum 1-year participation/competition experience; (b) randomized controlled trials with pre-post intervention outcomes; and (c) studies involving exercise interventions applied ≤6 hours before outcome measures were collected. Fifteen studies satisfied the criteria and were categorized according to the exercise interventions used (i.e., resistance training, plyometric/ballistic training, resisted sprints, and modified warm-ups). Heavy-loaded resistance training (i.e., >85% 1 repetition maximum) and resisted sprints increased subsequent sprint performance. Plyometrics/ballistic training also positively impacted subsequent jumping (i.e., long jump) and throwing performance (i.e., shot put). Modified warm-ups (i.e., high-intensity sprints and heavier throwing implements) also improved subsequent running and throwing performance. Overall, exercise interventions performed at high intensity and low volume augment subsequent physical performance as close to 4 minutes before the event. However, a sufficient recovery interval must be considered for a positive performance response.
Acetylcholine engages distinct amygdala microcircuits to gate internal theta rhythm
Authors: Bratsch-Prince Joshua X. , Warren James W. , Jones Grace C. , McDonald Alexander J. , Mott David D. 
Published: March 2024

Acetylcholine (ACh) is released from basal forebrain cholinergic neurons in response to salient stimuli and engages brain states supporting attention and memory. These high ACh states are associated with theta oscillations, which synchronize neuronal ensembles. Theta oscillations in basolateral amygdala (BLA) in both humans and rodents have been shown to underlie emotional memory, yet their mechanism remains unclear. Here, using brain slice electrophysiology in male and female mice, we show large ACh stimuli evoke prolonged theta oscillations in BLA local field potentials that depend upon M3 muscarinic receptor activation of cholecystokinin (CCK) interneurons (INs) without the need for external glutamate signaling. Somatostatin (SOM) INs inhibit CCK INs and are themselves inhibited by ACh, providing a functional SOM-CCK IN circuit connection gating BLA theta. Parvalbumin (PV) INs, which can drive BLA oscillations in baseline states, are not involved in the generation of ACh-induced theta, highlighting that ACh induces a cellular switch in the control of BLA oscillatory activity and establishes an internally BLA-driven theta oscillation through CCK INs. Theta activity is more readily evoked in BLA over cortex or hippocampus, suggesting preferential activation of BLA during high ACh states. These data reveal a SOM-CCK IN circuit in BLA that gates internal theta oscillations and suggest a mechanism by which salient stimuli acting through ACh switch the BLA into a network state enabling emotional memory.Significance statementWhile ACh plays a critical role in establishing network states enabling emotional behaviors, the mechanisms by which ACh acts on circuits involved in emotional processes remain unclear. The BLA receives dense cholinergic projections and plays a key role in emotional behaviors. Using electrophysiology recordings in mouse brain slices, we show that cholinergic stimuli readily induce theta oscillations in the BLA through CCK, but not PV INs. These oscillations are gated by SOM INs, establishing a CCK-SOM microcircuit in the generation of theta oscillations. Further, oscillatory activity is more readily induced in the BLA compared to hippocampus or cortex. These results reveal a detailed circuit-specific mechanism for ACh modulation of BLA theta oscillations that play a critical role in emotional processing.
Analisa Produktivitas Mesin Dan Merancang Improvement Mesin Produksi Di Line Forming Fastener PT Dharma Polimetal
Authors: Subhan Aan , Khakim Ainul , Pangestu Gayuh 
Published: March 2024

Abstrak
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui tahapan alur produksi di Divisi Fastener PT Dharma Polimetal. Mengetahui tahapan proses forming dalam divisi Fastener PT Dharma Polimetal. Mengetahui permasalahan yang timbul di line forming Fastener PT Dharma Polimetal. Mengetahui penyebab akar permasalahan yang timbul di line forming Fastener PT Dharma Polimetal. Mengetahui rancangan rencana perbaikan untuk permasalahan di line forming Fastener PT Dharma Polimetal. Divisi Fastener merupakan salah satu bisnis produksi di PT Dharma Polimetal yang berfokus untuk memproduksi produk-produk pengencang. Untuk produk yang dihasilkan di Divisi Fastener ini antara lain Bolt Flange 6 mm, Bolt Torx m8 x 25 mm, Screw Tapp 5 x 12, Bolt Flange m10 x 190, dan lain-lain. Dengan dibuatnya penelitian ini peneliti dapat mengetahui produktivitas mesin di line forming di Divisi Fastener PT Dharma Polimetal, menganalisa faktor-faktor produksi yang mempengaruhi produktivitas line forming Divisi Fastener PT Dharma Polimetal, dan merumuskan rancangan perbaikan untuk meningkatkan produktivitas line forming Divisi Fastener PT Dharma Polimetal.

Abstract
__________________________________________________________________________________________
The purpose of this study was to determine the stages of the production flow in the Fastener Division of PT Dharma Polimetal. Knowing the stages of the forming process in the Fastener division of PT Dharma Polimetal. Knowing the problems that arise in the PT Dharma Polimetal Fastener line forming. Knowing the root cause of the problems that arise in the PT Dharma Polimetal Fastener line forming. Knowing the draft improvement plan for problems in the PT Dharma Polimetal Fastener line forming. The Fastener Division is one of the production businesses at PT Dharma Polimetal which focuses on producing fastener products. The products produced in the Fastener Division include Bolt Flange 6 mm, Bolt Torx m8 x 25 mm, Screw Tapping 5 x 12, Bolt Flange m10 x 190, and others. With this research, researchers were able to determine machine productivity in line forming in the Fastener Division of PT Dharma Polimetal, analyze the production factors that affect the productivity of line forming in the Fastener Division of PT Dharma Polimetal, and formulate improvement plans to increase the productivity of line forming in the Fastener Division of PT Dharma Polimetal.