bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Motivation to learn: an international multilevel study on student autonomy and teacher emphasis on content usefulness
Authors: Moreno-Murcia Juan Antonio , Huéscar Hernández Elisa , León Jaime , Fin Gracielle , Nodari Júnior Rudy José , Valero-Valenzuela Alfonso , Tristán José , Gastélum-Cuadras Gabriel , Zueck Enríquez María del Carmen , Vargas Vitoria Rodrigo , Cid Luís , Monteiro Diogo , Teixeira Diogo 
Published: April 2024

Teacher autonomy support is related to improved student learning. In higher education, few studies relate classroom contextual factors, such as teacher emphasis on content usefulness, and students' motivational characteristics. The aim was to test a multilevel model about the relation between the extent of teachers’ emphasis on the usefulness of class content with student autonomy, and, in turn, on motivation to learn. The participants were 3033 university students enrolled from 1st to 4th grade of Sciences of the Physical Activity and Sport, from universities in Spain (N = 602), Portugal (N = 469), Mexico (N = 1177), Chile (N = 372), and Brazil (N = 413). A multilevel structural equation model was performed, in which participants answered questions about the teacher's emphasis on the usefulness of class content, basic psychological need for autonomy, and motivation to learn. At the group and individual levels, the hypothesis is that the teacher's emphasis on the usefulness of class content predict the student autonomy, in turn, student autonomy predicts student motivation to learn. Results found at the group level and at the individual level the strength of teacher emphasis on class content predicted student autonomy; student autonomy predicted student motivation to learn.
En la educación superior, pocos estudios relacionan factores contextuales en la clase, como el énfasis del profesor en la utilidad del contenido y las características motivacionales de los estudiantes. El objetivo fue probar un modelo multinivel sobre la relación entre el énfasis del docente en la utilidad del contenido durante la clase, la autonomía de los estudiantes y, a su vez, la motivación para aprender. Participaron 3033 estudiantes universitarios matriculados de 1º a 4º grado de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte, de universidades de España (N = 602), Portugal (N = 469), México (N = 1177), Chile (N = 372), y Brasil (N = 413). Se realizó un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales multinivel, en el que los participantes respondieron preguntas sobre el énfasis del profesor en la utilidad del contenido de la clase, la autonomía y la motivación para aprender. Se hipotetizó que el énfasis del profesor en la utilidad del contenido predecía la autonomía del estudiante que, por su vez, predecía la motivación para aprender. Los resultados, a nivel grupal e individual, indican que el énfasis del docente en la utilidad del contenido predijo la autonomía del estudiante, y la autonomía predijo la motivación para aprender.
The examination of the relationships among digital addiction, loneliness, shyness, and social anxiety in adolescents
Authors: Ime Yakup , Akyıl Yusuf , Çağlar Azmi 
Published: April 2024

Digital addiction, which is determined as a common problem among adolescents in the last years, affects the lives of adolescents negatively in terms of many aspects. The aim of the study is to examine the relationships between adolescents' digital addiction, loneliness, shyness and social anxiety. Gate gathered from adolescents who completed Digital Addiction Scale, Short Form of UCLA Loneliness Scale, Shyness Scale, and DSM-5 Social Anxiety Disorder Severity Scale - Child Form. The suggested hypotheses have been tested using the data gathered from 991 adolescents and hierarchical regression analysis. The research findings found a positive and significant relationship between digital addiction, loneliness, shyness and social anxiety among adolescents. Furthermore, the findings show that digital addiction, loneliness, and shyness predict social anxiety. The results obtained prove that digital addiction, loneliness and shyness have an effect on social anxiety. According to the findings, it is suggested to apply various educational interventions by mental health professionals to adolescents who show signs of digital addiction, loneliness, shyness, and social anxiety.
La adicción digital, que se determina como un problema común entre los adolescentes en los últimos años, afecta negativamente la vida de los adolescentes en muchos aspectos. El objetivo del estudio es examinar las relaciones entre la adicción digital, la soledad, la timidez y la ansiedad social de los adolescentes. Gate se reunió con adolescentes que completaron la Escala de adicción digital, la versión corta de la Escala de soledad de UCLA, la Escala de timidez y la Escala de gravedad del trastorno de ansiedad social DSM-5 - Formulario infantil. Las hipótesis sugeridas se han probado utilizando los datos recopilados de 991 adolescentes y un análisis de regresión jerárquica. Los resultados de la investigación encontraron una relación positiva y significativa entre la adicción digital, la soledad, la timidez y la ansiedad social entre los adolescentes. Además, los hallazgos muestran que la adicción digital, la soledad y la timidez predicen la ansiedad social. Los resultados obtenidos demuestran que la adicción digital, la soledad y la timidez tienen efecto sobre la ansiedad social. Según los hallazgos, se sugiere aplicar diversas intervenciones educativas por parte de profesionales de la salud mental a adolescentes que presenten signos de adicción digital, soledad, timidez y ansiedad social.
INTEGRATION OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES IN ENSURING FIRE SAFETY OF SHIPBUILDING FACILITIES
Authors: Melnikova Ksenia , Kalashnikov Roman , Orlov Grigory 
Published: April 2024

Fires occur almost every year on ships and ships under construction and repair. In the case of ship repair docks and shipyards, evacuation of people in case of fire is complicated by the volume of fire-hazardous and fire works. To solve this problem, it is proposed to use artificial intelligence technology, which will take into account the place of ignition, the rate of fire spread and the influence of fire hazards.
To optimize and improve the efficiency of paperwork, it is proposed to use the technology of «big data» (Big Data). It will allow you to receive and analyze simultaneously several dozen processes taking place at the facility: routine maintenance, serviceability of fire protection systems and the availability of qualifications for an employee performing fire work.
The practical significance of the proposed measures lies in their use to increase the effectiveness of fire prevention at shipbuilding facilities.
Đặc điểm bệnh lý tại Khoa Tâm bệnh - Bệnh viện Trung ương Thái Nguyên năm 2023
Authors: Đàm Thị Bảo Hoa , Đoàn Thủy Tiên , Nguyễn Đắc Vinh 
Published: April 2024

Title: The characteristics of patients at the Psychiatry Department - Thai Nguyen Central Hospital in 2023.Objective: To find out the characteristics of patients at the Psychiatry Department - Thai Nguyen Central Hospital in 2023.Methods: Retrospective description.Results: A total of 733 patients will be treated at the Psychiatry Department in 2023, of which: 55.53% male, 44.47% female. In which disease group F40-F48 (Mental disorders related to stress) accounts for the highest proportion (29.20%). Mainly the age group is from 21 - 60 (82.26%). There are differences by age and gender in pathological groups.Conclusion: Pathological characteristics at the Psychiatry Department - Thai Nguyen Central Hospital in 2023 are diverse and related to age and gender in disease groups. Recommendation: It is necessary to monitor the characteristics of patients over the years to have more data on mental illness patterns in Thai Nguyen.
Materialism as a worldview position. The second article is about the missing requirement for scientific theories and the ideological vulnerability of the basic ideas of non-classical physics.
Authors: Popov Nikolai Andreevich 
Published: April 2024

The subject of this study is materialism, understood in the broadest sense of this concept: both as a philosophical doctrine and as a way of life corresponding to a certain worldview position. The aim is to clarify the objective role of this worldview position in various fields of human activity. At the center of the research is the question of the essence of materialistic ideas about the world hiding behind the sensually given reality to man. The study consists of two parts, published in separate articles. The first part is devoted to the origins of the materialistic worldview and the main question of philosophy, and in this, its second part, the question of the philosophical problems of non-classical physics is considered, the root of these problems is revealed, a comparative worldview analysis of the basic concepts of classical and non-classical physics is carried out and the overall result of the research is summarized. The methodology of this research is the principle of materialistic monism, according to which absolutely all phenomena of the human-cognizable world can be based only on something material, "influencing". The general conclusions of this study are as follows: the roots of the materialistic worldview go back to the origins of life, to such a condition of successful vital activity of living beings, which is inherently ideological; this condition, called by the author the Main Question of Life, is the historical forerunner of the Main Question of Philosophy; the worldview position, equivalent to the materialistic solution of the OVF, is inherent in the vital activity of absolutely all living beings; all people in their daily and practical activities are born materialists. In addition, this study clarifies the idea of the essence of materialistic teaching; shows the exclusivity of the materialistic worldview as the only true worldview; provides a refined definition of the concept of matter; proves the need to shift the "center of gravity" of modern materialistic teaching from dialectics to the principle of materialistic monism; formulates the missing requirement for scientific theories to ensure their ideological viability; shows the ideological inconsistency the main ideas of the new, non-classical physics.
Effects of Land Preparation Method and Organic Soil Amendment on Soil Properties, Growth and Yield of Maize (Zea mays)
Authors: Kemboi Victor Kiptoo , Masinde Peter , Mworia Eric , Mworia John , Kirigiah Richard Murithi 
Published: April 2024

Maize (Zea mays L.) is an important food crop popular in Kenya and its production has a direct influence to nutrition and economic security. The high demand for this food crop has resulted to innovation of new farming practices to increase its production. Therefore, this experiment was set up at Meru University Demonstration Farm in randomized complete block (RCBD) split plot design during June - October 2022 (S1) and November - March 2023 (S2). Two land preparation methods were used conservational and conventional (CA and CT). The organic amendments were 2.5 t ha-1 BSF, 5.5 t ha-1 BSF, 8.5 t ha-1 BSF, 2.5 t ha-1 BSF + Biochar, 5.5 t ha-1 BSF + Biochar, 2.5 t ha-1 BSF + Trichoderma 125 g ha-1, 5.5 t ha-1 BSF + Trichoderma 125 g ha-1, 5 t ha-1 FYM, 100 kg N ha-1 DAP and control. Data collected was on soil bulk density, soil moisture, vegetative growth and yields. There was significance (p<0.05) difference between the two land preparation method on soil moisture retention. Organic amendments influenced the soil moisture retention and soil bulk density reduction significantly (p<0.05). Plots with 8.5 t ha-1 BSF and 100 kg N ha-1 DAP increased the vegetative growth by 37%, application of Trichoderma increased the vegetative growth by 7%. CA increased the vegetative growth by 6% and 4% as compared to CT. 8.5 t ha-1 BSF increased the vegetative growth by 21% and 19%. CA increased the yields by 6% in S1 and 14% in S2 compared to CT. Trichoderma increased the yields of maize by 12% and 11%. Increase in maize yield and vegetative growth is due to increased soil moisture condition in CA. Addition of BSF manure and biochar improved the soil moisture retention, reduced soil bulk density and improvement in soil nutrient content which led to an increase in growth and yield.
Response: Most people who think that they are likely to enter psychotherapy also think it is plausible that they could have forgotten their own memories of childhood sexual abuse
Authors: Rubin David C. , Berntsen Dorthe 
Published: December 2008

AbstractPezdek and Blandon‐Gitlin (2008) found that 25% of their participants reported as plausible or very plausible that they themselves could have been a victim of childhood sexual abuse without being able to remember it. In addition, they found that the 25% figure increased to 61% for participants who reported that they were likely at some point in their life to seek psychotherapy. Given past work showing that it is easier to implant a false memory for plausible events, and counter to Pezdek and Blandon‐Gitlin's conclusions, these data point to a substantial danger of implanting false memories of childhood sexual abuse during therapy in many people and in most people who are likely to go into therapy. Theoretical issues regarding plausibility are discussed. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cover Picture: Generation of Monodisperse Mesoporous Silica Microspheres with Controllable Size and Surface Morphology in a Microfluidic Device (Adv. Funct. Mater. 24/2008)
Authors: Lee Inho , Yoo Yeonshick , Cheng Zhengdong , Jeong Hae‐Kwon 
Published: December 2008

AbstractA one‐step in situ method, termed microfluidic diffusion‐induced self‐assembly, for the synthesis of monodisperse ordered mesoporous silica microspheres, is reported. The method combines microfluidic generation of uniform droplets and subsequent in situ rapid solvent diffusion‐induced self‐assembly within the microfluidic channel. The mesoporous silica microspheres prepared in this way reveal well‐ordered 2D hexagonal mesostructures with unprecedented corrugated surface morphology of disordered mesopores that are larger than 15 nm. It is speculated that the formation of an interfacial subphase and rapid diffusion of solvent to oil are attributed to the formation of the unique surface morphology. It is also shown that the surface morphology and the particle size of the mesoporous silica microspheres can be systematically controlled by adjusting fluidic conditions.
Enzymatic Incorporation of Emissive Pyrimidine Ribonucleotides
Authors: Srivatsan Seergazhi G. , Tor Yitzhak 
Published: December 2008

AbstractMaking an emission: T7 RNA polymerase incorporates a series of thiophene‐modified uridine triphosphate (UTP) analogues to generate emissive RNA transcripts. Labeling experiments suggested that the enzyme frequently pauses at the incorporation position and, when incorporation does take place, T7 RNA polymerase fails to elongate the modified oligonucleotides and yields aborted transcripts. TPs=triphosphates.magnified imageThe enzymatic incorporation of a series of emissive pyrimidine analogues into RNA oligonucleotides is explored. T7 RNA polymerase is challenged with accepting three non‐natural, yet related, triphosphates as substrates and incorporating them into diverse RNA transcripts. The three ribonucloside triphosphates differ only in the modification of their uracil nucleus and include a thieno[3,2‐d]pyrimidine nucleoside, a thieno[3,4‐d]pyrimidine derivative, and a uridine containing a thiophene ring conjugated at its 5‐position. All thiophene‐containing uridine triphosphates (UTPs) get incorporated into RNA oligonucleotides at positions that are remote to the promoter, although the yields of the transcripts vary compared with the transcript obtained with only native triphosphates. Among the three derivatives, the 5‐modified UTP is found to be the most “polymerase‐friendly” and is well accommodated by T7 RNA polymerase. Although the fused thiophene analogues cannot be incorporated next to the promoter region, the 5‐modified non‐natural UTP gets incorporated near the promoter (albeit in relatively low yields) and even in multiple copies. Labeling experiments shed light on the mediocre incorporation of the fused analogues, suggesting the enzyme frequently pauses at the incorporation position. When incorporation does take place, the enzyme fails to elongate the modified oligonucleotide and yields aborted transcripts. Taken together, these results highlight the versatility and robustness, as well as the scope and limitation, of T7 RNA polymerase in accepting and incorporating reporter nucleotides into modified RNA transcripts.
Neural stem cells: Mechanisms of fate specification and nuclear reprogramming in regenerative medicine
Authors: Lederer Carsten W. , Santama Niovi 
Published: December 2008

AbstractRecently, intense interest in the potential use of neural stem cells (NSC) in the clinical therapy of brain disease and injury has resulted in rapid progress in research on the properties of NSC, their innate and directed differentiation potential and the induced reprogramming of differentiated somatic cells to revert to a pluripotent NSC‐like state. The aim of this review is to give an overview of our current operational definitions of the NSC lineage, the growing understanding of extrinsic and intrinsic mechanisms, including heritable but reversible epigenetic chromatin modifications that regulate the maintenance and differentiation of NSC in vivo, and to emphasize ground‐breaking efforts of cellular reprogramming with the view to generating patient‐specific stem cells for cell replacement therapy. This is set against a summary of current practical procedures for the isolation, research and application of NSC, and of the state of the art in NSC‐based regenerative medicine of the nervous system. Both provide the backdrop for the translation of recent findings into innovative clinical applications, with the hope of increasing the safety, efficiency and ethical acceptability of NSC‐based therapies in the near future.
Moving minds: Ethical aspects of neural motor prostheses
Authors: Clausen Jens 
Published: December 2008

AbstractModern brain technology is a highly dynamic and innovative field of research with great potential for medical applications. Recent advances in recording neural signals from the brain by brain‐machine interfacing presage new therapeutic options for paralyzed people by means of neural motor prostheses. This paper examines foreseeable ethical questions related to the research on brainmachine interfaces and their possible future applications. It identifies four major topics that need to be considered: first, the questions of personality and its possible alterations; second, responsibility and its possible constraints; third, therapeutic applications and their possible exceedance; and fourth, questions of research ethics that arise when progressing from animal experimentation to application to human subjects. This paper, in identifying and addressing the ethical questions raised by brain‐machine interfaces, presents concerns that need to be considered if possible prosthetics based on modern brain technology are to be used cautiously and responsibly.
Welternährung im 21. Jahrhundert. Eine umfassende Herausforderung (Teil 2)
Authors: Krawinkel Michael , Keding Gudrun B. , Chavez‐Zander Ursula , Jordan Irmgard , Habte Tzige‐Yohannes 
Published: December 2008

AbstractDie globale Ernährungssicherung im 21. Jahrhundert muss nicht zu einem unlösbaren Problem werden. Neben Veränderungen in der landwirtschaftlichen Produktion sollte die Gewährleistung der Nahrungsmittelverfügbarkeit im Vordergrund stehen. Oberstes Ziel muss es sein, den Ernährungsmangel zu überwinden und eine gesundheitsförderlichere Ernährung für alle Menschen anzustreben. Die größten Hindernisse auf dem Weg zur Sicherung der Welternährung liegen im Bereich der globalen wirtschaftlichen Beziehungen. Die natürlichen Ressourcen wären auch bei zunehmender Weltbevölkerung ausreichend, wenn sie zum Wohl der Verbraucher und unter dem Schutz der Umwelt genutzt werden.
Warum Männer früher sterben. Das riskante Leben des vermeintlich starken Geschlechts
Authors: Merbach Martin , Brähler Elmar , Goldschmidt Susanne 
Published: December 2008

AbstractDer vorliegende Beitrag liefert einen Überblick zur Mortalität von Männern anhand von epidemiologischen Daten. Neben geschlechtsspezifischen Unterschieden wurden regionale und altersbezogene Informationen berücksichtigt. Insgesamt belegen die Daten, dass Männer im Vergleich zu Frauen eine deutlich geringere Lebenserwartung haben, die auf verschiedene Ursachen zurückzuführen ist. So weisen Männer bei somatischen Erkrankungen eine höhere Mortalität auf und dominieren bei gesundheitsschädigenden, riskanten Verhaltensweisen (Rauch‐, Trink‐, Ernährungsgewohnheiten, Verhalten im Straßenverkehr sowie geringe Inanspruchnahme von Vorsorgeuntersuchungen etc.). Dazu werden verschiedene Erklärungsansätze dargestellt und diskutiert.
So wurden die Plattfische platt
Authors: Kronberg Inge 
Published: December 2008

AbstractDie meisten Plattfische (Ordnung Pleuronectiformes) einschließlich der beliebten Speisefische Seezunge, Scholle, Flunder und Steinbutt zeichnen sich durch eine ungewöhnliche Asymmetrie des Körpers aus: Sie haben keine linke und rechte, sondern eine obere und untere Körperseite. Beide Augen liegen auf der oberen, dunkel gefärbten “Augenseite”, dem Boden zugewandt ist die helle “Blindseite”. Die ontogenetische Entwicklung von Plattfischen ist gut dokumentiert, jetzt konnte anhand von Fossilfunden auch die phylogenetische Entwicklung rekonstruiert werden.
Viren regulieren die Biomasse im Ozean
Authors: Brennicke Axel 
Published: December 2008

AbstractViren sind die häufigsten Organismen in den Ozeanen unseres Planeten. Man schätzt, dass sich etwa zehnmal mehr Viren als Bakterien in den Meeren herumtreiben. Eine neue Untersuchung zeigt nun, dass Viren eine entscheidende Rolle bei der Ablagerung von Biomasse spielen. Besonders für das Ökosystem in der Tiefsee ist das Absterben von Organismen in höheren Wasserschichten durch Virusinfektionen wichtig.
Schulbiologie im Umbruch
Authors: Bohn Matthias 
Published: December 2008

Abstract“PISA‐Schock” und “Bologna‐Prozess” haben die Schul‐ und Hochschulreformer auf Trab gebracht. Dabei ging und geht jedes der sechzehn Bundesländer seinen ganz eigenen Weg – und bedingt durch Wahlkämpfe und Regierungsbildungen wohl auch so manchen Umweg.Noch zeichnen sich die Auswirkungen der Reformen auf die Schulbiologie nur in Umrissen ab. Der Arbeitskreis Schulbiologie des VBIO hat den aktuellen Sachstand zusammengetragen.
Nachrichten des Verbandes Biologie, Biowissenschaften & Biomedizin in Deutschland
Authors: Bohn Matthias 
Published: December 2008

AbstractWissenschaft und GesellschaftTaxonomie‐InitiativeAusbildung und KarriereAK SchulbiologieBIOTECHNICA 2008Aus den LandesverbändenKvF‐Preisträger 2008Vorlesungsprogramm des LV Berlin/BrandenburgUnd sonst...Neuer BeiratWieder lieferbar: “Perspektiven”
Nikolaj Ivanoviĉ Vavilov
Authors: Karl Hans‐Volker 
Published: December 2008

AbstractVavilov war einer der bedeutendsten Biologen der ersten Hälfte des vergangenen Jahrhunderts. Er begründete beispielsweise die Theorie von den geografischen Genzentren der Kulturpflanzen und das Gesetz der homologen Reihen, welche auch im heutigen Biologieunterricht eine Rolle spielen.