bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Vibrio cholerae on Chemokine Gene Expression in HT29 cells and its Modulation by Lactobacillus GG
Authors: Nandakumar N. S. , Pugazhendhi S. , Madhu Mohan K. , Jayakanthan K. , Ramakrishna B. S. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractEpithelial cells participate in the innate immune response to pathogenic bacteria by elaborating chemokines. This study examined the effect of Vibrio cholerae and Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG on inflammatory chemokine gene expression in the HT29 human intestinal epithelial cell line. HT29 cells were exposed to V. cholerae 0139, Lactobacillus or both for 2 h and cultured further thereafter for 4 h. RNA was extracted from the cells and expression of genes for chemokines and related molecules was quantitated by real time PCR using a pathway‐focused PCR array. TLR4 was silenced using shRNA and output of interleukin‐8 (IL‐8) into the media quantitated with and without V. cholerae exposure. NFκB and p38 MAP kinase activation were determined by immunoblotting for IκBα and phosphorylated p38. Vibrio cholerae significantly upregulated gene expression for the neutrophil chemoattractant CXCL chemokines, IL‐8, CXCL and CXCL in HT29 cells, while downregulating the expression of macrophage‐attracting C‐C chemokines. TLR4 silencing did not reduce IL‐8 output from HT29 cells in response to V. cholerae. IκBα degradation was noted in the HT29 cells soon after exposure to V. cholerae and this recovered over time after removal of bacteria. p38 MAP kinase activation was not noted. Vibrio cholerae upregulated the expression of neutrophil attractant chemokines, most prominently IL‐8, in HT29 cells, but downregulated macrophage‐attracting chemokines. Probiotic lactobacilli modulated the IL‐8, but not the other chemokine gene changes, in response to V. cholerae.
Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid Cellular Characteristics, Functional Parameters and Cytokine and Chemokine Levels in Interstitial Lung Diseases
Authors: Vasakova M. , Sterclova M. , Kolesar L. , Slavcev A. , Pohunek P. , Sulc J. , Skibova J. , Striz I. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractIdiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) and sarcoidosis belong to interstitial lung diseases (ILD) where an imbalance of regulatory, profibrotic and antifibrotic cytokines is hypothesized. The relationship of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid (BALF) cytokines, BALF cell profile and ILD course is supposed. The aim of our study was to correlate BALF cytokine and chemokine levels with BALF cellular characteristics and lung function parameters in different ILD. Twenty‐two sarcoidosis, seven IPF and 11 HP patients underwent lung function tests and BAL. The BALF differential cell counts and superficial cell markers were characterized, and MCP‐1, MIP‐1α, MIP‐1β, RANTES, epithelial neutrophil‐activating protein (ENA)‐78, FGF, G‐CSF, GM‐CSF, IFN‐γ, interleukin (IL)‐1α, IL‐1RA, IL‐1β, ‐2β, ‐4β, ‐5β, ‐6β, ‐8β, ‐10β, ‐17β, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, thromobopoietin (Tpo) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) values measured. The BALF VEGF values were highest in sarcoidosis (P = 0.0526). IL‐1RA values were higher in IPF and HP compared with sarcoidosis (P = 0.0334). IL‐8/ENA‐78 ratio positively correlated with BALF neutrophil counts in IPF (r = 0.89, P = 0.04). Vital capacity and TLCO values positively correlated with VEGF and negatively with IL‐8 BALF levels in all ILDs but the correlations were most significant in sarcoidosis group. We suppose that VEGF plays a role in ILDs’ early phases and has rather angiogenic than profibrotic effect. On the contrary, IL‐8 is probably upregulated in advanced ILDs with prominent fibrosis and marked lung functions decline. We state that BALF VEGF, IL‐8 and ENA‐78 levels and IL‐8/ENA‐78 ratio could become useful markers of ILDs’ phase, activity and prognosis. They might also be helpful in treatment modality choice.
Stromatolites in the Late Ordovician Eureka Quartzite: implications for microbial growth and preservation in siliciclastic settings
Authors: DRUSCHKE PETER A. , JIANG GANQING , ANDERSON THOMAS B. , HANSON ANDREW D. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractWell‐preserved siliciclastic domal stromatolites, up to 2 m wide and 1·5 m high, are found in a 10 to 15 m thick interval within the Late Ordovician Eureka Quartzite of Southern Nevada and Eastern California, USA. These stromatolites appear as either isolated features or patchy clusters that contain more than 70% by volume quartz grains; their association with planar, trough and herringbone cross‐bedding suggests that they were formed in an upper shoreface environment with high hydraulic energy. In this environment, sand bars or dunes may have provided localized shelter for initial microbial mat colonization. Biostabilization and early lithification of microbial mats effectively prevented erosion during tidal flushing and storm surges, and the prevalence of translucent quartz sand grains permitted light penetration into the sediment, leading to thick microbial mat accretion and the formation of domal stromatolites. Decimetre‐scale to metre‐scale stromatolite domes may have served as localized shelter and nucleation sites for further microbial mat colonization, forming patchy stromatolite clusters. Enrichment of iron minerals, including pyrite and hematite, within dark internal laminae of the stromatolites indicates anaerobic mineralization of microbial mats. The occurrence of stromatolites in the Eureka Quartzite provides an example of microbial growth in highly stressed, siliciclastic sedimentary environments, in which microbial communities may have been able to create microenvironments promoting early cementation/lithification essential for the growth and preservation of siliciclastic stromatolites.
Effect of polymorphism in insulin locus and HLA on type 1 diabetes in four ethnic groups in Israel
Authors: Benedek G. , Brautbar C. , Vardi P. , Sharon N. , Weintrob N. , Zung A. , Israel S. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThis study examined a possible association of the insulin (INS) gene with type 1 diabetes (T1D) in patients and controls from four ethnic groups in Israel. We analyzed the distribution of −23HphI single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) T/A alleles that correspond to INS variable number of tandem repeat short class I alleles (26–63 repeats) and class III alleles (141–209 repeats), respectively. The −23HphI T/T genotype was found to be positively associated with T1D in three Jewish groups (Yemenites: 93.9% patients vs 68.8% controls, P = 0.0002; Ashkenazi: 80.6% vs 50.8%, P < 10−4; Ethiopians: 75% vs 40.5%, P = 0.002). The Yemenite healthy controls have the highest frequency of T allele from all Jewish groups studied (83.5% vs 68.8% in Ashkenazi and 64.3% in Ethiopians). The high frequency of a susceptibility allele in the Yemenites is in line with the high incidence of T1D in this population. No association was observed between T1D and the INS gene in Israeli Arabs studied (70.6% vs 66.7%). Variable incidence of T1D among different ethnicities in Israel is largely attributed to heterogeneous genetics. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) results of our previous studies describing the susceptibility and protective haplotypes were used for combined analysis to determine possible interaction between the HLA and INS loci. Only in the Ashkenazi group such interaction was presented with statistical significance.
Polymorphisms of HLA genes in Western Javanese (Indonesia): close affinities to Southeast Asian populations
Authors: Yuliwulandari R. , Kashiwase K. , Nakajima H. , Uddin J. , Susmiarsih T. P. , Sofro A. S. M. , Tokunaga K. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractIdentification of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) antigens that are known as the highest polymorphic genes has become a valuable tool for tissue transplantation, platelet transfusion, disease susceptibility or resistance, and forensic and anthropological studies. In the present study, the allele and haplotype frequencies of HLA‐A, HLA‐B, and HLA‐DRB1 were studied in 237 unrelated healthy Western Javanese (Indonesia) by the high‐resolution polymerase chain reaction‐Luminex method. A total of 18 A, 40 B, and 20 DRB1 alleles were identified. The most frequent HLA‐A, ‐B, and ‐DRB1 alleles were HLA‐A*2407 (21.6%), HLA‐B*1502 (11.6%) and HLA‐B*1513 (11.2%), and DRB1*1202 (37.8%), respectively. The most frequent two‐locus haplotypes were HLA‐A*2407‐B*3505 (7%) and HLA‐B*1513‐DRB1*1202 (9.2%), and three‐locus haplotypes were HLA‐A*3401‐B*1521‐DRB1*150201 (4.6%), HLA‐A*2407‐B*3505‐DRB1*1202 (4.3%), and HLA‐A*330301‐B*440302‐DRB1*070101 (4.2%). HLA allele and haplotype frequencies in addition to phylogenetic tree and principal component analyses based on the four‐digit sequence‐level allele frequencies for HLA‐A, HLA‐B, and HLA‐DRB1 showed that Western Javanese (Indonesia) was closest to Southeast Asian populations.
Linkage and association study of FcγR polymorphisms in celiac disease
Authors: Sareneva I. , Koskinen L. L. E. , Korponay‐Szabo I. R. , Kaukinen K. , Kurppa K. , Ziberna F. , Vatta S. , Not T. , Ventura A. , Ádány R. , Pocsai Z. , Széles G. , Mäki M. , Saavalainen P. , Einarsdottir E. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe Fcγ receptor cluster on chromosome 1q23 contains a number of genes that may affect susceptibility to celiac disease, but previous studies have yielded contradictory results. We studied the FcγRIIa*A519G (rs1801274) and FcγRIIIa*A559C (rs396991) single nucleotide polymorphisms in celiac disease families from Hungary and Finland and in celiac disease case–control materials from Hungary and Italy. Neither the Hungarian nor the Italian case–control material or a meta‐analysis of the combined case–control material showed significant single‐marker or haplotype association. In addition, neither linkage nor family‐based association tests showed evidence for association in the Finnish or Hungarian family material. This study thus does not support a previous publication showing FcγR association with celiac disease.
Microbial diversity in Cenozoic sediments recovered from the Lomonosov Ridge in the Central Arctic Basin
Authors: Forschner Stephanie R. , Sheffer Roberta , Rowley David C. , Smith David C. 
Published: December 2008

SummaryThe current understanding of microbes inhabiting deeply buried marine sediments is based largely on samples collected from continental shelves in tropical and temperate latitudes. The geographical range of marine subsurface coring was expanded during the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Arctic Coring Expedition (IODP ACEX). This expedition to the ice‐covered central Arctic Ocean successfully cored the entire 428 m sediment stack on the Lomonosov Ridge during August and September 2004. The recovered cores vary from siliciclastic sediment low in organic carbon (< 0.2%) to organic rich (∼3%) black sediments that rapidly accumulated in the early middle Eocene. Three geochemical environments were characterized based on chemical analyses of porewater: an upper ammonium oxidation zone, a carbonate dissolution zone and a deep (> 200 m below sea floor) sulfate reduction zone. The diversity of microbes within each zone was assessed using 16S rRNA phylogenetic markers. Bacterial 16S rRNA genes were successfully amplified from each of the biogeochemical zones, while archaea was only amplified from the deep sulfate reduction zone. The microbial communities at each zone are phylogenetically different and are most closely related to those from other deep subsurface environments.
Landholding Patterns in Early Islamic Egypt
Authors: SIJPESTEIJN PETRA M. 
Published: December 2008

This article examines the impact of the Arab conquests of the 630s and 640s on rural society and fiscal organization in Egypt. Traditional accounts paint a picture of a seventh‐century Egypt from which the aristocracy had largely disappeared and in which Arab rulers and administrators communicated directly with village communities. Drawing upon the testimony of seventh‐century documentary papyri, this essay reveals the continued role of Christian elites in administering tax collection and the extent to which the Arab conquerors left agrarian social relations largely undisturbed. Only over the course of the eighth century were indigenous Christian elites sidelined, leading to a number of tax revolts on the part of the Coptic population.
The association of lung function and plasma volume expansion in neonatal alpaca crias following plasma transfusion for failure of passive transfer
Authors: Paxson Julia A. , Cunningham Suzanne M. , Rush John E. , Bedenice Daniela 
Published: December 2008

AbstractObjective–Failure of passive transfer in neonatal alpacas is often corrected by IV administration of commercial camelid plasma. The goal of this study was to characterize changes in pulmonary function, gas exchange, and cardiovascular parameters associated with IV plasma transfusion.Design–Prospective clinical study.Setting–A university‐based referral hospital.Animals–Eleven clinically healthy alpaca crias (age: 1–18 days) with failure of passive transfer (IgG<8 g/L [800 mg/dL]).Interventions–Thirty milliliters per kilogram of commercial camelid plasma was administered IV over 90 minutes. Before and after the transfusion, the following cardiopulmonary measurements were obtained: arterial blood gas analysis, pulmonary functional residual capacity (FRC), PCV, total plasma protein and echocardiographic M‐mode measures. Additionally, central venous pressure and indirect arterial blood pressure were monitored throughout the plasma transfusion.Measurements and Main Results–The IV plasma transfusion resulted in significantly reduced PCV (−5.4±5.1%), increased total plasma protein (+4±4 g/L [0.4±0.4 g/dL]), elevated central venous pressure and changes in left and right ventricular M‐mode indices, consistent with plasma volume expansion. Transfusion was further associated with a significant increase in arterial oxygen pressure (PaO2) (+11.2±15 mm Hg) and decrease in FRC (−5.6±8.3 mL/kg).Conclusions–IV administration of 30 mL/kg camelid plasma to neonatal crias resulted in measurable plasma volume expansion and a concurrent reduction in FRC. Administration of this quantity of plasma appeared to be safe in healthy neonatal crias. However, changes in lung volume associated with plasma administration may create risks for crias with underlying cardiopulmonary or systemic disease.
Evaluation of a new full‐body animal rescue and transportation sling in horses: 181 horses (1998–2006)
Authors: Fürst Anton E. , Keller Ruedi , Kummer Martin , Manera Celine , Von Salis Björn , Auer Jörg , Bettschart‐Wolfensberger Regula 
Published: December 2008

AbstractObjective–The goal of this study was to evaluate the reliability of the Animal Rescue and Transportation Sling (ARTS) for emergency and clinical use in horses.Design–A retrospective study of the use of the ARTS in the hospital and field.Setting–The medical records of 158 horses referred to the Equine Hospital, University of Zurich, and 23 records from the Large Animal Rescue.Animals–The ARTS was used in 121 standing and 60 recumbent horses. Seventy‐eight horses were sedated, 47 patients were under general anesthesia when the sling was applied and no sedation or anesthesia was required in 56 horses.Interventions and Main Results–The ARTS was applied in crane and helicopter rescue operations to stabilize horses that required lifting (n=41), during emergency transportation (n=24), to facilitate induction of general anesthesia (n=4) or recovery from general anesthesia (n=51). Additionally, the sling was used to immobilize horses with fractures (n=29), to reduce weight‐bearing in horses with severe lameness (n=12), to support horses with disorders of the CNS (n=7), to help recumbent horses rise (n=9), and to provide support for horses after repair of large abdominal hernias (n=4). Acceptance of the ARTS by the horses was scored as excellent (n=153), good (n=19) and poor (n=6), and the sling was not tolerated in 3 horses. Only after long‐term use (weeks) did the skin over certain pressure points become irritated, resulting in superficial pressure sores.Conclusions–The ARTS was reliable, safe, and easy to use. It proved to be ideal for a wide variety of emergencies.
Anthropology from the Bones: A Memoir of Fieldwork, Survival, and Commitment
Authors: Mahmood Cynthia Keppley 
Published: December 2008

SUMMARYIn this deeply personal account, I describe for the first time how I was assaulted, beaten, and raped by a gang of hired thugs or rogue police in a north central Indian state during fieldwork in 1992. A graphic narrative of this event leads into a brief meditation on the sorts of things readers would typically prefer not to know, and on our compulsion as engaged anthropologists to bring them into the conversation anyway. I conclude with the persisting hope of survivors of violence—like many of our ethnographic interlocutors in arenas of conflict—that healing is possible and that change toward justice can occur. Finally, I write of an anthropology that speaks from a spiritual, political, and intellectual paradigm which recognizes that, unspoken or not, values of the heart are as central to our field as those of the mind.
“Coyote May Carry You off on His Tail”: A Shoshoni Perspective on Ethics
Authors: Glowacka Maria , Gould Drusilla 
Published: December 2008

SUMMARYIn this article, we present a Shoshoni perspective on ethics and discuss examples of the ethical key concepts embedded in Deniwape, the traditional knowledge that has been transmitted orally within family lines. Deniwape represents a set of principles that delineate traditional connections between landscape, family, customary practices, and cultural values. We focus specifically on the semantic meanings and cultural usages of ethical key concepts to offer new insights into the understanding of traditional Shoshoni ethics.
Anthropology and Human Rights: Between Silence and Voice
Authors: Pereira Pedro Paulo Gomes 
Published: December 2008

SUMMARYThis text deals with ethnographic research carried out for two years at Fraternidade Assistencial Lucas Evangelista (FALE), an institution that provides residence to 200 people diagnosed with HIV. At this institution, located on the outskirts of Brasilia, Brazil, ex‐convicts, ex‐prostitutes, abandoned children, transvestites, drug addicts, alcoholics, and those expelled from their homes by parents and relatives live together in a situation of confinement and terror. This text explores some of the possibilities and difficulties of anthropology at the forefront of the Human Rights debate. In particular, it emphasizes the dilemma of silence and voice—remaining silent or speaking out—for both anthropologists and their interlocutors.
The Poetic Turn of Culture, or the “Resistances of Structure”
Authors: Maynard Kent 
Published: December 2008

SUMMARY Paul Friedrich (1996) argues that poetry helps us to understand the cultural assumptions of particular societies, as well as think about what culture is. What does it mean to say that culture is in poetry, or poetry in culture? And what are the consequences of such questions for theories of culture or structure? I qualify what Friedrich says about poetry and culture, taken separately, as well as the two interwoven sides of his equation—culture in poetry, and poetry in culture. Yet, Friedrich gives us a fundamental insight: that both culture and poetry possess structural elements while they may also be highly allusive. To unravel this paradox we can turn to the telling phrase of the poet, Heather McHugh (1996): poetry (and I would add culture) is “a making full of breakings.” Both rely on a “structure of resistances,” less a blueprint for action than a watercolor wash, at once elliptical and suggestive of both social memory and imagined futures.
First diagnosis of Martin‐Albright syndrome in a 58‐year‐old patient
Authors: Quist Sven R. , Franke Ingolf , Hiort Olaf , Gollnick Harald P. , Leverkus Martin 
Published: December 2008

SummaryAlbright hereditary osteodystrophy (AHO), also known as Martin‐Albright syndrome (MAS), is a rare autosomal dominantly transmitted disease characterized by short stature, obesity, mental retardation, a round facies, and brachymetacarpia and ‐tarsia, as well as cutaneous calcification. The disease is caused by mutations in the GNAS gene localized on chromosome 20q13.2 encoding for an adenyl‐cyclase‐stimulating protein (Gsα). A 58‐year‐old patient presented with small stature since childhood, moderate mental retardation, round facies and soft tissue masses on the thighs. A biopsy of the latter showed subcutaneous ossification. Laboratory results showed hypocalcemia, as well as increased plasma levels of PTH and calcitonin. The clinical diagnosis was confirmed by detection of reduced activity of Gsα. In patients with cutaneous calcification and disturbed calcium metabolism, AHO is an important differential diagnostic consideration.
'Nothing in Our Histories': A Postcolonial Perspective on Twelfth-Century Christian Hebraism
Authors: Goodwin Deborah 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThis essay examines how twelfth-century Christian Hebraism, as an aspect of biblical exegesis, contributed to producing Christian knowledge of the Jewish Other. It argues that Christian Hebraism was symptomatic of strategies central to the formation of Christian identity, a process to which Jews were essential not only as foils, but as collaborators. An alternative approach to Christian Hebraism, its contributions to a volatile Christian identity, and its status as both a cause and an effect of changing relations between Jews and Christians in the period, is demonstrated by the application of postcolonial discourse analysis to the psalms commentary by Herbert of Bosham.
Islamic Spaces and Diplomacy in Constantinople (Tenth to Thirteenth Centuries C.E.)
Authors: Anderson Glaire 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThis article focuses on the built spaces, often described as mosques, of two Muslim communities in Constantinople between the tenth and thirteenth centuries. These Islamic spaces in the Byzantine capital originated pragmatic solutions to the functional requirements of accommodating Muslim prisoners and merchants. During this period one of these built spaces acquired political status as “the mosque of Constantinople” in diplomatic negotiations, serving as a counterpart to Christian monuments in Islamic territories. By the end of the twelfth century the Muslim spaces of Constantinople had acquired social, economic and religious significance for an international Muslim community, becoming in effect Islamic monuments. The “mosques” of Constantinople thus illuminate a role for architecture within Byzantine-Islamic diplomatic exchange, and a process of medieval monument formation, based not on intrinsic artistic interest, but on meanings acquired through social processes.
A Thirteenth-Century Arthurian Tale in Hebrew: A Unique Literary Exchange
Authors: Drukker Tamar 
Published: December 2008

AbstractA single fragment of a thirteenth-century Hebrew translation of an Arthurian romance is testimony to the familiarity of Jews in Italy with the popular tales of King Arthur. The translator is a learned jew, well-versed in Hebrew, scripture and exegesis, and yet his translation is a classic example of a chivalric romance set in a culture far removed from that of its translator and its possible readers.