bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Titanium Phosphonate Porous Materials Constructed from Dendritic Tetraphosphonates
Authors: Vasylyev Maxym V. , Wachtel Ellen J. , Popovitz‐Biro Ronit , Neumann Ronny 
Published: February 2006

AbstractAn organic–inorganic hybrid material, TPPhA‐Ti, was constructed by non‐hydrolytic condensation of a dendritic tetrakis‐1,3,5,7‐(4‐phosphonatophenyl)adamantane precursor and titanium(IV) isopropoxide. One preparative pathway yielded insoluble materials with a Ti/P ratio of ∼1 which was confirmed by a combination of FT‐IR, TGA, and EDS measurements. N2 sorption experiments showed that TPPhA‐Ti is a porous solid (micropores ∼13 Å; mesopores ∼38 Å) with a high surface area, ∼550 m2 g−1. The structure and morphology of the TPPhA‐Ti as investigated by transmission and scanning electron microscopy showed a layered‐type material. Additional X‐ray diffraction data suggest a paracrystalline material; an optimization of possible molecular arrangements of TPPhA‐Ti was simulated that was in agreement with the experimental data. A second preparative pathway yielded a Ti oxide–phosphonate with a Ti/P ratio of ∼3.4. Both TEM and SEM revealed that hollow nanospheres were formed with diameters of ∼180–300 nm.
Hexa‐ and Octacoordinate Carbon in Hydrocarbon Cages: Theoretical Design and Characterization
Authors: Wang Yang , Huang Yuanhe , Liu Ruozhuang 
Published: February 2006

AbstractA new series of hydrocarbon cages containing hexa‐ and octacoordinate carbon centers were designed theoretically by performing DFT calculations at the B3 LYP/6–311+G** level. Among these non‐classical structures that were found to still obey the 8e rule, the two tetracations with octacoordinate carbons may be the first examples found in pure hydrocarbons. Structural characteristics, as well as thermodynamic and kinetic stabilities, were also investigated theoretically for these two octacoordinate tetracations. These hydrocarbon compounds containing hypercoordinate carbon centers provide a challenge for synthetic organic chemists.
Oxidation Chemistry of Poly(ethylene glycol)‐Supported Carbonylruthenium(II) and Dioxoruthenium(VI) meso‐Tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)porphyrin
Authors: Zhang Jun‐Long , Huang Jie‐Sheng , Che Chi‐Ming 
Published: February 2006

Abstract[RuII(F20‐tpp)(CO)] (1, F20‐tpp=meso‐tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)porphyrinato dianion) was covalently attached to poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) through the reaction of 1 with PEG and sodium hydride in DMF. The water‐soluble PEG‐supported ruthenium porphyrin (PEG‐1) is an efficient catalyst for 2,6‐Cl2pyNO oxidation and PhINTs aziridination/amidation of hydrocarbons, and intramolecular amidation of sulfamate esters with PhI(OAc)2. Oxidation of PEG‐1 by m‐CPBA in CH2Cl2, dioxane, or water afforded a water‐soluble PEG‐supported dioxoruthenium(VI) porphyrin (PEG‐2), which could react with hydrocarbons to give oxidation products in up to 80 % yield. The behavior of the two PEG‐supported ruthenium porphyrin complexes in water was probed by NMR spectroscopy and dynamic light‐scattering measurements. PEG‐2 is remarkably stable to water. The second‐order rate constants (k2) for the oxidation of styrene and ethylbenzene by PEG‐2 in dioxane–water increase with water content, and the k2 values at a water content of 70 % or 80 % are up to 188 times that obtained in ClCH2CH2Cl.
Tris(pyridylmethylamino)cyclotriguaiacylene Cavitands: An Investigation of the Solution and Solid‐State Behaviour of Metallo‐Supramolecular Cages and Cavitand‐Based Coordination Polymers
Authors: Sumby Christopher J. , Fisher Julie , Prior Timothy J. , Hardie Michaele J. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThe synthesis of the three isomeric tris(pyridylmethylamino)cyclotriguaiacylene cavitands is reported, along with the crystal structures of the 2‐ and 4‐pyridyl derivatives. The generality of a previously described [Ag2{tris(3‐pyridylmethylamino)cyclotriguaiacylene}2]2+ dimeric capsule motif and the [Ag4{tris(4‐pyridylmethylamino)cyclotriguaiacylene}4]4+ tetrahedron with several silver salts was confirmed in the solid state and the corresponding solution species were investigated by NMR spectroscopy. Host–guest interactions in these systems have been probed and these interactions are demonstrated to alter and influence the self‐assembly outcome of the reaction. Notably, introduction of larger glutaronitrile guest molecules to the [Ag4L4]4+ tetrahedron system prevents formation of the tetrahedral structure, resulting instead in the formation of a 4.82 coordination network in the solid state. In the absence of templating acetonitrile guests in the [Ag2(3)2]2+ capsule system, formation of a cage‐based one‐dimensional coordination polymer is observed.
Psychotherapy for PTSD in the community: reported prototypical treatments
Authors: Schottenbauer Michele A. , Arnkoff Diane B. , Glass Carol R. , Gray Sheila Hafter 
Published: February 2006

AbstractTherapists who identified themselves primarily with psychodynamic/psychoanalytic or cognitive–behavioral theoretical orientations were recruited through professional organization online listservs. They were randomly presented one of four brief case studies, describing variations on traumatic stress. Participants then completed a Psychotherapy Process Q‐sort to describe quantitatively their ideal treatment of the given patient. Results indicated significant heterogeneity among clinicians. Among clinicians who indicated that their primary theoretical orientation was psychodynamic, three prototypical treatments were discovered, and among clinicians who indicated that their primary theoretical orientation was cognitive–behavioral, four prototypical treatments were found. Overall, the prototypes in the current study were correlated with, but not identical to, prototypes of psychodynamic, cognitive–behavioral or interpersonal therapy developed in previous studies based on experts' ratings. Our findings suggest that there may be much greater heterogeneity in treatment of trauma among clinicians in the community than might be assumed by the theoretical orientations they espouse. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Elementary Many‐Particle Processes in Plasma Microfields
Authors: Romanovsky M. Yu. , Ebeling W. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThe effect of electric and magnetic plasma microfields on elementary many‐body processes in plasmas is considered. As detected first by Inglis and Teller in 1939, the electric microfield controls several elementary processes in plasmas as transitions, line shifts and line broadening. We concentrate here on the many‐particle processes ionization, recombination, and fusion and study a wide area of plasma parameters. In the first part the state of art of investigations on microfield distributions is reviewed in brief. In the second part, various types of ionization processes are discussed with respect to the influence of electric microfields. It is demonstrated that the processes of tunnel and rescattering ionization by laser fields as well as the process of electron collisional ionization may be strongly influenced by the electric microfields in the plasma.The third part is devoted to processes of microfield action on fusion processes and the effects on three‐body recombination are investigated. It is shown that there are regions of plasma densities and temperatures, where the rate of nuclear fusion is accelerated by the electric microfields. This effect may be relevant for nuclear processes in stars. Further, fusion processes in ion clusters are studied. Finally we study in this section three‐body recombination effects and show that an electric microfield influences the three‐body electron‐ion recombination via the highly excited states.In the fourth part, the distribution of the magnetic microfield is investigated for equilibrium, nonequilibrium, and non‐uniform magnetized plasmas. We show that the field distribution in a neutral point of a non‐relativistic ideal equilibrium plasma is similar to the Holtsmark distribution for the electrical microfield. Relaxation processes in nonequilibrium plasmas may lead to additional microfields. We show that in turbulent plasmas the broadening of radiative electron transitions in atoms and ions, without change of the principle quantum number, may be due to the Zeeman effect and may exceed Doppler and Stark broadening as well. Further it is shown that for optical radiation the effect of depolarization of a linearly polarized laser beams propagating through a magnetized plasma may be rather strong. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Highly precise estimation scheme for remote video PSNR using spread spectrum and extraction of orthogonal transform coefficients
Authors: Kawada Ryoichi , Sugimoto Osamu , Koike Atsushi , Wada Masahiro , Matsumoto Shuichi 
Published: February 2006

AbstractWith the widespread use of the digital transmission of TV signals, it is highly desirable to establish a remote monitoring scheme for video transmission quality. As a monitoring scheme for the digital video quality in the actual transmission, the reduced reference (RR) scheme is considered promising: in this scheme the feature parameters of the original picture are extracted and transmitted for comparison with the parameters in the receiver. Consequently, this paper proposes an RR‐type picture quality‐monitoring scheme which can provide highly precise remote estimation of the PSNR of the received picture. In the proposed scheme, the sent and received signals are whitened by spectrum spreading, and orthogonal transformation is applied to the results. The transform coefficients are extracted and transmitted through the monitoring link. Due to the whitening process, highly precise PSNR estimation is realized, even though only a small number of coefficients are extracted. In order to make the whitening effective, the degradation must be distributed as uniformly as possible in the transform block. In order to deal with local picture degradation due to channel error and other factors, multiplication by a PN sequence (spatial spreading) and the inverse orthogonal transform are applied in the transform domain, resulting in effective spreading and helping to improve the precision of PSNR estimation. The Walsh–Hadamard transform, which is easy to implement, is used as the orthogonal transform. By using the proposed scheme, a PSNR estimation error of approximately ±0.1 to 0.3 dB for a monitoring link rate of 40 kbit/s is obtained, which meets practical requirements for highly precise estimation. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 89(6): 51–62, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.20188
High‐resolution RCS measurement using MUSIC algorithm
Authors: Yamazaki Hiroyoshi , Murasaki Tsutomu , Takahashi Ryuhei 
Published: February 2006

AbstractTo improve the resolution in the downrange direction in radar cross section (RCS) measurements, the frequency bandwidth must be widened. Therefore, to measure the RCS at high resolution in a limited frequency bandwidth, we proposed a technique that applies the multiple signal classification (MUSIC) algorithm and obtains the profile in the downrange direction. However, an experimental evaluation still has not been conducted in an outdoor RCS test range of an actual electromagnetic wave propagation environment. In this paper, we evaluated this method by positioning two cylindrical or cubic measurement targets as scatterers of radio waves in the downrange direction and conducted RCS measurements outdoors. The results verified an improvement in the downrange resolution of about threefold compared to a conventional Fourier transform and the effectiveness of this measurement method. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 89(6): 23–31, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.20272
Radiation characteristics of a transmission line with a side plate
Authors: Nakamura Takashi , Takase Naoya , Sato Risaburo 
Published: February 2006

AbstractAs a structure that reduces radiation from a transmission line with input and output ports, a transmission line with a side plate is proposed in this paper. The radiation field by the traveling wave current on the transmission line is derived and the radiated power is analytically derived. From this analysis, it is found that in order to reduce radiation loss, (1) the transmission line height should be reduced, (2) the characteristic impedance be increased, (3) the propagation constant of the current be increased, and (4) the distance to the side plate be reduced. Further, a transmission line with a side plate is fabricated and the effect of radiation reduction is compared with the theoretical result and demonstrates the validity of the paper. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 89(6): 1–10, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.20274
Single integral expression of impedance between arbitrary placed bent rectangle dipoles in moment method using surface elements
Authors: Yoshikawa Yukihiro , Miyashita Hiroaki , Makino Sigeru 
Published: February 2006

AbstractOne of the analysis methods of moment for antennas and scatterers composed of perfect conductors is the subdomain Galerkin's method, in which the surface currents are expanded piecewisely and the expansion and the weighting functions are the same. In comparison with the point matching method, the subdomain Galerkin's method can obtain accurate results with fewer segment partitions. However, it is necessary to perform fourfold integrations in the calculations of the impedance matrix elements. In the present paper, it is shown that the fourfold integrations of the impedance matrix elements between arbitrarily placed bent rectangular dipole segments can be reduced to single integral expressions. The validity of the proposed method is verified by comparison with the numerical results of fourfold integrations. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 89(6): 11–22, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.20276
Application of improved PSO to power flow control by TCSC for maximum acceptance of requested wheeled power
Authors: Hayashi Yasuhiro , Matsuki Junya , Kanai Genshin 
Published: February 2006

AbstractOpen access to electric power transmission networks has been carried out in order to foster generation competition and customer choice worldwide. When several PPSs request to simultaneously supply power to customers based on bilateral contracts, it is expected that the transmission network accepts amounts of wheeled power requested by the PPSs as much as possible. It is possible to maximize total requested wheeled power by controlling power flow through transmission lines. It is well known that FACTS device is available to control line flow flexibly. In this paper, in order to maximize total wheeled power simultaneously requested by several PPSs, the authors propose an algorithm to determine the optimal reactance of TCSC (a type of FACTS device). The proposed algorithm is based on Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), which is an optimization method based on swarm intelligence. In the proposed algorithm, PSO is improved to enhance ability of searching global minimum by giving different characteristic to behavior of each agent. In order to check the validity of the proposed method, numerical results are shown for 6 and IEEE 30 bus system models. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 155(2): 17–26, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20085
Drift velocity of electron swarm in configuration space
Authors: Takeda Akihide , Ikuta Nobuaki 
Published: February 2006

AbstractIn 1977, Tagashira and colleagues reported that the center‐of‐mass drift velocity Wr of an electron swarm defined in time of flight (TOF) takes a larger value than the drift velocity Wv defined in pulsed Townsend (PT) when ionization collisions take place. At the same time, they explained that the larger values of Wr are caused by the ionization generation of electrons at the front side of extending swarm due to higher mean energy. In this paper, a new definition of virtual drift velocity in configuration space W′r defined in PT is proposed, and calculated data of drift velocities and related quantities such as ionization coefficients and ionization frequencies in Ar in a high E/N range are discussed relative to Tagashira's data. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 155(2): 1–7, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20131
Investigation of topology optimization of magnetic circuit using density method
Authors: Okamoto Yoshifumi , Takahashi Norio 
Published: February 2006

AbstractTopology optimization using the density method, which determines the optimal topology by distributing the magnetic material in the design domain, is attractive for designers of magnetic devices, because an initial conceptual design can be obtained. As the number of design variables in the design domain is so huge, a sufficient solution cannot be obtained by using the direct search method. Then, the steepest descent method is adopted to obtain fast convergence. In this paper, some problems in applying the density method to the practical topology optimization are investigated. The accuracy of calculating the sensitivity using the adjoint variable method and the effect of initial material density on the obtained results are examined. The effectiveness of the proposed optimization method is illustrated by applying it to the determination of the optimal topology of a permanent magnet which generates a uniform magnetic field. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 155(2): 53–63, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20259
Finite‐dimensional approximate modeling with error bounds of flexible vibrating systems based on partial eigenstructures
Authors: Imai Jun , Wada Kiyoshi 
Published: February 2006

AbstractAn approach to control‐oriented uncertainty modeling is presented for a class of elastic vibrating systems such as flexible structures, beams and strings, described by partial differential equations. Uncertainty bounding techniques are developed using the upper and lower bounds of the unknown eigenparameters. The result forms a basis for a finite‐dimensional controller design in which closed loop stability and performance are guaranteed. A feasible set of systems is defined of all systems governed by a class of differential equations with certain norm bounds of the unknown input and output operators and with partially known bounds of the eigenparameters. Then the perturbation magnitude covering the feasible set is evaluated in the frequency domain where a standard truncated modal model is chosen as the nominal one. An upper bound to the truncated error magnitude which is calculated by linear programming is proposed. It is demonstrated that all the parameters formulating a feasible set are derived by finite element analysis for a flexible beam example, and feasibility of the proposed scheme is also illustrated by numerical bounding results. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 155(2): 36–44, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20272
Development of diode‐pumped solid‐state laser HALNA for fusion reactor driver
Authors: Kawashima Toshiyuki , Kanabe Tadashi , Matsumoto Osamu , Yasuhara Ryo , Furukawa Hiroyuki , Miyamoto Masahiro , Sekine Takashi , Kurita Takashi , Kan Hirofumi , Yamanaka Masanobu , Nakatsuka Masahiro , Izawa Yasukazu 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThe diode‐pumped slab laser for inertial fusion energy driver has been demonstrated, which produces the 1053‐nm output energy of 10 J at 10 Hz. The glass slab laser amplifier has been pumped by quasi‐CW 290‐kW AlGaAs laser‐diode arrays at 803 nm. The optical system can compensate for thermal effects by use of zigzag optical propagation, image‐relayed telescope, and 45° Faraday rotator. The output energy of 10.6 J at 1 Hz with the optical‐to‐optical conversion efficiency of 19.9% has been successfully obtained. Also, the 10‐Hz operation has been performed with an output energy of 5.1 J. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 155(2): 27–35, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20288
Characteristic of an AC chopper circuit with LC filters in the input and output side
Authors: Shinyama Takayuki , Kawai Makoto , Torii Akihiro , Ueda Akiteru 
Published: February 2006

AbstractLC filters are connected to both the input and output side of the AC chopper circuit in order to remove the switching ripple and harmonics. Characteristics of THD and input power factor are examined by simulation and experiments. When the load is resistive, characteristics are minimally influenced by the filters. In the case of an inductive load, since two poles exist owing to the input and output filters, waveform distortion becomes large. This paper shows that THD can be improved by reducing input filter capacitance. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 155(2): 45–52, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20304
Tuning of the Spin States in Trinuclear Cobalt Compounds of Pyridazine by the Second Simple Bridging Ligand
Authors: Yi Tao , Ho‐Chol Chang , Gao Song , Kitagawa Susumu 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThree novel trinuclear cobalt(II) compounds of pyridazine,[Co3(μ‐OH)2(μ‐pdz)4(pdz)2(NO3)2(H2O)2]·(NO3)2·(THF)·2(MeOH) (1), [Co3(μ‐OH)2(μ‐pdz)4(pdz)4(NO3)2]·[Co3(μ‐OH)2(μ‐pdz)4(MeOH)4(NO3)2]·(NO3)4 (2), and [Co3(μ‐pdz)4(μ‐NCS)2(pdz)2(NCS)4]·2MeOH (3) (pdz = pyridazine), have been synthesized and characterized. The structures of all three compounds consist of centrosymmetric trimer building blocks bridged by the two nitrogen atoms of the pyridazine ligands and the second small bridging anions (hydroxide in 1 and 2, and end‐on thiocyanate in 3). The two‐atom bridging modes of the pyridazine ligand in 1 and 2 are unusual: each bridging pyridazine ligand affords two nitrogen donors to two metal ions with different bond lengths. This results in two kinds of spin states for the cobalt(II) atoms in 1. Magnetic measurements show a typical antiferromagnetic interaction between the high‐spin metals in 3, but an unusual magnetic coupling through two high‐ and one low‐spin cobalt atoms within the trimer in 1. An irregular spin states structure is also observed in 1 at low temperature. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Supramolecular Trapping of Phosphanes by Cyclodextrins: A General Approach to Generate Phosphane Coordinatively Unsaturated Organometallic Complexes
Authors: Binkowski‐Machut Cécile , Canipelle Michaël , Bricout Hervé , Tilloy Sébastien , Hapiot Frédéric , Monflier Eric 
Published: February 2006

AbstractAs shown by 31P{1H} NMR spectroscopy, addition of the native β‐cyclodextrin or randomly methylated β‐cyclodextrin to an aqueous solution of Cl[Pt{(p‐tBuC6H4)P(m‐C6H4SO3Na)2}3Cl] or [Pd{(p‐tBuC6H4)P(m‐C6H4SO3Na)2}3] allows us to generate the phosphane coordinatively unsaturated [Pt{(p‐tBuC6H4)P(m‐C6H4SO3Na)2}2Cl2] or [Pd{(p‐tBuC6H4)P(m‐C6H4SO3Na)2}2] complexes, respectively. The existence of second‐sphere coordination adducts between the organometallic complex and the cyclodextrin, in which the local bulkiness around the metallic centre is high, appears to be the essential prerequisite for the dissociation of one (p‐tBuC6H4)P(m‐C6H4SO3Na)2 phosphane ligand from the metal centre. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)