bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expect the unexpected: investigating discordant prostate MRI and biopsy results
Authors: Stanzione Arnaldo , Lee Kang-Lung , Sanmugalingam Nimalan , Rajendran Ishwariya , Sushentsev Nikita , Caglič Iztok , Barrett Tristan 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Objectives
To evaluate discrepant radio-pathological outcomes in biopsy-naïve patients undergoing prostate MRI and to provide insights into the underlying causes.

Materials and methods
A retrospective analysis was conducted on 2780 biopsy-naïve patients undergoing prostate MRI at a tertiary referral centre between October 2015 and June 2022. Exclusion criteria were biopsy not performed, indeterminate MRI findings (PI-RADS 3), and clinically insignificant PCa (Gleason score 3 + 3). Patients with discrepant findings between MRI and biopsy results were categorised into two groups: MRI-negative/Biopsy-positive and MRI-positive/Biopsy-negative (biopsy-positive defined as Gleason score ≥ 3 + 4). An expert uroradiologist reviewed discrepant cases, retrospectively re-assigning PI-RADS scores, identifying any missed MRI targets, and evaluating the quality of MRI scans. Potential explanations for discrepancies included MRI overcalls (including known pitfalls), benign pathology findings, and biopsy targeting errors.

Results
Patients who did not undergo biopsy (n = 1258) or who had indeterminate MRI findings (n = 204), as well as those with clinically insignificant PCa (n = 216), were excluded, with a total of 1102 patients analysed. Of these, 32/1,102 (3%) were classified as MRI-negative/biopsy-positive and 117/1102 (11%) as MRI-positive/biopsy-negative. In the MRI-negative/Biopsy-positive group, 44% of studies were considered non-diagnostic quality. Upon retrospective image review, target lesions were identified in 28% of cases. In the MRI-positive/Biopsy-negative group, 42% of cases were considered to be MRI overcalls, and 32% had an explanatory benign pathological finding, with biopsy targeting errors accounting for 11% of cases.

Conclusion
Prostate MRI demonstrated a high diagnostic accuracy, with low occurrences of discrepant findings as defined. Common reasons for MRI-positive/Biopsy-negative cases included explanatory benign findings and MRI overcalls.

Clinical relevance statement
This study highlights the importance of optimal prostate MRI image quality and expertise in reducing diagnostic errors, improving patient outcomes, and guiding appropriate management decisions in the prostate cancer diagnostic pathway.

Key Points
• Discrepancies between prostate MRI and biopsy results can occur, with higher numbers of MRI-positive/biopsy-negative relative to MRI-negative/biopsy-positive cases.
• MRI-positive/biopsy-negative cases were mostly overcalls or explainable by benign biopsy findings.
• In about one-third of MRI-negative/biopsy-positive cases, a target lesion was retrospectively identified.
Modified Retzius-sparing robot-assisted radical prostatectomy for cases with anterior tumor: a propensity score-matched analysis
Authors: Qian Jiajun , Fu Yao , Marra Giancarlo , Zhang Feifei , Wu Xiao , Li Danyan , Xu Linfeng , Qiu Xuefeng , Gan Weidong , Guo Hongqian 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Objective
To compare the outcomes between a modified Retzius-sparing robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (mRS-RARP) technique and conventional robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (Con-RARP) technique for cases with anterior prostate cancer (PCa), especially positive surgical margin (PSM) rates and urinary continence (UC).

Patients and methods
We retrospectively included 193 mRS-RARP and 473 Con-RARP consecutively performed by a single surgeon for anterior PCa. Perioperative complications, pathology, and continence were compared after propensity score matching using 9 variables.

Results
After matching (n = 193 per group), PSM were not significantly different in the two groups (16.1% in mRS-RARP group vs. 15.0% in Con-RARP group, p = 0.779). The UC at catheter removal and at 1-month was significantly higher in the mRS-RARP (24.9% vs. 9.8%, p < 0.001; 29.0% vs. 13.5%, p < 0.001, respectively), but not at 3-, 6-, and 12-month follow-ups (p = 0.261, 0.832, and 0.683, respectively).

Conclusion
mRS-RARP seems to be an oncologically safe approach for patients with anterior PCa. Compared with the conventional approach, mRS-RARP approach shows benefits in the short-term postoperative UC recovery.
Experimental optimization of a fish robot’s swimming modes: a complex multiphysical problem
Authors: Abbaszadeh Shokoofeh , Hoerner Stefan , Leidhold Roberto 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMultiphysical optimization is particularly challenging when involving fluid–solid interactions with large deformations. While analytical approaches are commonly computational inexpensive but lack of the necessary accuracy for many applications, numerical simulations can provide higher accuracy but become very fast extremely costly. Experimental optimization approaches promise several benefits which can allow to overcome these issues in particular for application which bear complex multiphysics such as fluid–structure interactions. Here, we propose a method for an experimental optimization using genetic algorithms with a custom optimizer software directly coupled to a fully automatized experiment. Our application case is a biomimicking fish robot. The aim of the optimization is to determine the best swimming gaits for high propulsion performance in combination with low power consumption. The optimization involves genetic algorithms, more precise the NSGA-II algorithm and has been performed in still and running water. The results show a negligible impact of the investigated flow velocity. A subsequent spot analysis allows to derive some particular characteristics which leads to the recommendation to perform two different swimming gaits for cruising and for sprinting. Furthermore, we show that Exp-O techniques enable a massive reduction in the evaluation time for multiphysical optimization problems in realistic scenarios.
Pediatric non-galenic pial arteriovenous fistula’s characteristics and outcomes: a systematic review
Authors: Thrash Garrett W. , Hale Andrew T. , Feldman Michael J. , Saccomano Benjamin W. , Barrett D. Jonah , Malenkia Pedram D. , Das Somnath , Tsemo Georges Bouobda , Blount Jeffrey P. , Rocque Brandon G. , Rozzelle Curtis J. , Johnston James M. , Jones Jesse G. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Pediatric non-galenic pial arteriovenous fistulas (pAVFs) are rare vascular malformations that are characterized by a pial arterial-venous connection without an intervening capillary bed. Outcomes and treatment strategies for pAVFs are highly individualized, owing to the rarity of the disease and lack of large-scale data guiding optimal treatment approaches.

Methods
We performed a systematic review of pediatric patients (< 18 years at diagnosis) diagnosed with a pAVF by digital subtraction angiogram (DSA). The demographics, treatment modalities, and outcomes were documented for each patient and clinical outcome data was collected. Descriptive information stratified by outcome scores were classified as follows: 1 = excellent (no deficit and full premorbid activity), 2 = good (mild deficit and full premorbid activity), 3 = fair (moderate deficit and impaired activity), 4 = poor (severe deficit and dependent on others), 5 = death.

Results
A total of 87 studies involving 231 patients were identified. Median age at diagnosis was 3 years (neonates to 18 years). There was slight male preponderance (55.4%), and 150 subjects (81.1%*) experienced excellent outcomes after treatment. Of the 189 patients treated using endovascular approaches, 80.3% experienced excellent outcomes and of the 15 patients surgically treated subjects 75% had an excellent outcome. The highest rate of excellent outcomes was achieved in patients treated with Onyx (95.2%) and other forms of EvOH (100%). High output heart failure and comorbid vascular lesions tended to result in worse outcomes, with only 54.2% and 68% of subjects experiencing an excellent outcome, respectively. *Outcomes were reported in only 185 patients.

Conclusion
pAVFs are rare lesions, necessitating aggregation of patient data to inform natural history and optimal treatment strategies. This review summarizes the current literature on pAVF in children, where children presenting with heart failure as a result of high flow through the lesion were less likely to experience an excellent outcome. Prospective, large-scale studies would further characterize pediatric pAVFs and enable quantitative analysis of outcomes to inform best treatment practices.
A History of Malaria and Conflict
Authors: Mertens Jonas E. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIt is supposed that in all armed conflicts until World War II more humans died of infectious diseases than of the actual violence. Especially malaria left a crucial imprint on wars throughout history. The disease aggravates wartime conditions, is thus responsible for significant morbidity and mortality in conflict zones, and is at the same time more commonly found in these areas. Malaria has halted many military campaigns in the past, with prominent examples ranging from antiquity through the medieval period and into the modern era. The parasitosis still continues to play an important role in the outcome of warfare and follow-up events today and is of special public health importance in areas of the Global South, where most of its endemicity and some of the most brutal conflicts of our time are located. Vice versa, wars and ensuing population movements increase malaria transmission and morbidity as well as impede control efforts. Awareness of this and the development of strategies to overcome both malaria and wars will massively improve the well-being of the population affected.
Deficits in emotion recognition and processing in children with high callous-unemotional traits: the role of the MAOA gene
Authors: Muratori Pietro , Palumbo Sara , Vellucci Stefano , Mariotti Veronica , Billeci Lucia , Levantini Valentina , Inguaggiato Emanuela , Masi Gabriele , Milone Annarita , Pellegrini Silvia 
Published: March 2024

AbstractChildren with high Callous-Unemotional (CU) traits show deficits in recognizing and processing facial expressions. Alterations in emotion recognition have been linked to a higher synaptic concentration of monoaminergic neurotransmitters. The current study investigated the relationship between the MAOA-Low-activity alleles and the ability to recognize and process facial expressions in 97 male children (8–12 years old) diagnosed with disruptive behavior disorder. Participants completed a computerized emotion-recognition task while an eye-tracking system recorded the number (Fixation Count, FC) and length (Fixation Duration, FD) of fixations to the eye region of the emotional stimuli. Children with high CU traits exhibited lower scores in recognition of sadness and anger, and lower FC and FD for sadness and fear than children with low CU traits. Children carrying the MAOA-Low-activity alleles displayed lower FD for sadness, and FD and FC for fear than those carrying the MAOA-High-activity alleles. These genetic effects appeared even stronger in children with CU traits. Moderation analysis revealed that CU traits were associated with lower FC and FD for fear, and lower FD for sadness, probably due to the MAOA-Low-activity alleles. Our findings, although to be replicated, suggest MAOA-Low-activity alleles as potential genetic biomarkers to identify CU children in need of training focused on emotion processing.
Theoretical study of the photoisomerization of 1,2-bispyrazinyl-ethylene and the halogen ion salts of 1-Pyrazinyl-2-(4’-methylpyrazinyl)ethylene
Authors: Adeniyi Adebayo A. , Conradie Jeanet , Von Eschwege Karel G. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Context
It has been reported that photoexcitation of azastilbene compounds like E-1,2-bispyrazinyl-ethylene (bpe) can undergo E → Z photoisomerization of its quaternary salts via the excited triplet state. However, experimentally it is possible to get low fluorescence and photoisomerisation quantum yields in a state with higher internal conversion than intersystem crossing. We modelled bpe and its methylated derivative (bpeMe), as well as its quaternary halogen salts (bpeMeX with X = F−, Cl−, Br− and I−) to study levels of fluorescence, phosphorescence and excited state potential energy surfaces (PES). Results support experimental observations of molecules where the anion of a salt is an efficient electron donor, that molecules with weak electron-donating anions like Cl− to give increased fluorescence and photoisomerization, as compared to molecules with stronger electron-donating anions like I−, which are dominated by competing electron transfer. The fluorescence of bpeMeF and bpeMeCl was found to be stronger than bpeMeBr and bpeMeI. A deep well in the triplet excited state of bpeMeI is considered responsible for the decreased photoisomerization, compared to what was experimentally observed for bpeMeCl. Uniquely, the bpeMeI molecule is characterised by near-zero splitting of the s1 and t1 excited states that can enhance charge transfer. The quaternary salt of bpeMe with stronger electron-donating Br− anion was observed to undergo fluorescence and phosphorescence at much lower energy compared to those with weak electron-donating F− and Cl− anions. This research shows how to control the excited state fluorescence, phosphorescence and isomerization of quaternary halogen salts of methyl derivatives of 1,2-bispyrazinyl-ethylene, which aids experimental design where excited state isomerization is considered.

Methods
Geometry optimization, molecular electrostatic potential (MESP), and time dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) calculations were conducted utilizing Gaussian 16 with the B3LYP functional and the 6–31 + G(d,p) basis set. The minimum energy path (MEP) for the E to Z isomerization of the molecules was established employing the Nudged-Elastic-Band (NEB) method, implemented in Orca 4.2. Precise energies of the E → Z isomerization reaction path were determined employing CASSCF and a more accurate multireference method, NEVPT2.
Determination of feed yield and quality parameters of whole crop durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) biomass under agrivoltaic system
Authors: Dal Prà Aldo , Miglietta Franco , Genesio Lorenzo , Lanini Giuseppe Mario , Bozzi Riccardo , Morè Nicola , Greco Antonino , Fabbri Maria Chiara 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAgrivoltaics represents a key technology for reaching sustainable development goals by reducing the competition between land used for food, for feed, and for electricity. It has been demonstrated that Agrivoltaics can increase land productivity and play a role in the expansion of renewable energy production. This work aimed to study the yield and nutritional characteristics, as well as feeding value for ruminants of Durum wheat biomass grown under agrivoltaic. Two years of controlled experiments revealed that the reduction in light moderately limited wheat yields in the phenological phase of soft dough in standard agrivoltaic trackers (i.e. with a Ground Coverage Ratio (GCR) = 13%), otherwise under extended trackers (i.e. GCR = 41%), the yields was reduced compared to control in whole light. The digestible neutral detergent fiber evaluated after 24 h of in situ rumen incubations increased with shading, resulting in different ratios of acid detergent lignin. More shaded theses also had superior crude and soluble proteins, acid detergent-insoluble protein, acid and neutral detergent fiber than the control. The biomass in the shaded treatments showed a better Ca: P ratio for ruminant nutrition. These characteristics are strategic in forage production, allowing a more flexible harvesting strategy. This additional contribution of the nutritional characteristics of Durum wheat produced on Agrivoltaic Systems could allow a better inclusion of the different types in diets and better management of silage or hay harvesting sites. These results might be helpful in improving biomass production and give valuable information on Durum Wheat under the Agrivoltaic System.
Understanding K–12 teachers’ technological pedagogical content knowledge readiness and attitudes toward artificial intelligence education
Authors: Yue Miao , Jong Morris Siu-Yung , Ng Davy Tsz Kit 
Published: March 2024

AbstractArtificial intelligence (AI) education is increasingly being recognized as essential at the K–12 level. For better understanding teachers’ preparedness for AI education and effectively developing relevant teacher training programs, teachers’ technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK) readiness and attitudes toward AI teaching must be determined. However, limited research has been conducted on this topic. To address this research gap, we recruited 1,664 K–12 teachers to obtain a comprehensive view of teachers’ readiness for and attitudes toward teaching AI in K–12 classrooms. These teachers differed in terms of their gender, teaching subject, teaching grade, teaching experience, and experience in teaching AI. The findings of this study indicated that a substantial gap exists in the AI-related content and technological knowledge of the recruited teachers. Moreover, intriguing relationships were found between the teachers’ pedagogical knowledge, content knowledge, and attitudes toward teaching AI. The effects of demographic factors on the teachers’ TPACK and attitudes were also examined. On the basis of the findings of this study, recommendations were formulated for developing effective teacher professional development programs in the field of AI education.
Robust computation tree logic
Authors: Nayak Satya Prakash , Neider Daniel , Roy Rajarshi , Zimmermann Martin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIt is widely accepted that every system should be robust in that “small” violations of environment assumptions should lead to “small” violations of system guarantees, but it is less clear how to make this intuition mathematically precise. While significant efforts have been devoted to providing notions of robustness for linear temporal logic, branching-time logics, such as computation tree logic (CTL) and CTL*, have received less attention in this regard. To address this shortcoming, we develop “robust” extensions of CTL and CTL*, which we name robust CTL (rCTL) and robust CTL* (rCTL*). Both extensions are syntactically similar to their parent logics but employ multi-valued semantics to distinguish between “large” and “small” violations of the specification. We show that the multi-valued semantics of rCTL make it more expressive than CTL, while rCTL* is as expressive as CTL*. Moreover, we show that the model checking problem, the satisfiability problem, and the synthesis problem for rCTL and rCTL* have the same asymptotic complexity as their non-robust counterparts, implying that robustness can be added to branching-time logics for free.
Investigation of imaging features in contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of benign and malignant breast lesions
Authors: Kubota Kazunori , Fujioka Tomoyuki , Tateishi Ukihide , Mori Mio , Yashima Yuka , Yamaga Emi , Katsuta Leona , Yamaguchi Ken , Tozaki Mitsuhiro , Sasaki Michiro , Uematsu Takayoshi , Monzawa Shuichi , Isomoto Ichiro , Suzuki Mizuka , Satake Hiroko , Nakahara Hiroshi , Goto Mariko , Kikuchi Mari 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Purpose
This study aimed to enhance the diagnostic accuracy of contrast-enhanced breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using gadobutrol for differentiating benign breast lesions from malignant ones. Moreover, this study sought to address the limitations of current imaging techniques and criteria based on the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS).

Materials and Methods
In a multicenter retrospective study conducted in Japan, 200 women were included, comprising 100 with benign lesions and 100 with malignant lesions, all classified under BI-RADS categories 3 and 4. The MRI protocol included 3D fast gradient echo T1- weighted images with fat suppression, with gadobutrol as the contrast agent. The analysis involved evaluating patient and lesion characteristics, including age, size, location, fibroglandular tissue, background parenchymal enhancement (BPE), signal intensity, and the findings of mass and non-mass enhancement. In this study, univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed, along with decision tree analysis, to identify significant predictors for the classification of lesions.

Results
Differences in lesion characteristics were identified, which may influence malignancy risk. The multivariate logistic regression model revealed age, lesion location, shape, and signal intensity as significant predictors of malignancy. Decision tree analysis identified additional diagnostic factors, including lesion margin and BPE level. The decision tree models demonstrated high diagnostic accuracy, with the logistic regression model showing an area under the curve of 0.925 for masses and 0.829 for non-mass enhancements.

Conclusion
This study underscores the importance of integrating patient age, lesion location, and BPE level into the BI-RADS criteria to improve the differentiation between benign and malignant breast lesions. This approach could minimize unnecessary biopsies and enhance clinical decision-making in breast cancer diagnostics, highlighting the effectiveness of gadobutrol in breast MRI evaluations.