bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the Controlling Alcohol and Relationship Enhancement (CARE) Program With Hazardous Drinkers
Authors: Bouma Ruth , Halford W. Kim , Young Ross McD. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractWe assessed the effects of the Controlling Alcohol and Relationship Enhancement (CARE) program, an early intervention combining reduction of hazardous alcohol consumption and enhancement of couple relationships. Thirty-seven hazardous drinking couples were randomly allocated to either the CARE program or to a control condition. CARE couples improved their communication more than controls, but couples in both conditions reduced hazardous drinking to a similar extent. CARE is a potentially useful means of promoting positive relationship communication in hazardous drinking couples.
The Superiority of Danger Ideation Reduction Therapy (DIRT) Over Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP) in Treating Compulsive Washing
Authors: Krochmalik Annette , Jones Mairwen K. , Menzies Ross G. , Kirkby Ken 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThe present study involved the random allocation of 22 obsessive-compulsive (OC) washer/cleaners to one of two treatment conditions: Danger Ideation Reduction Therapy (DIRT), or Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP). Participants received 12 1-hour individual clinical sessions and were assessed at pretreatment, posttreatment and at a 6-month follow-up with a battery of 17 measures assessing core obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) symptomatology, depression, stress, general anxiety, disease expectancy and perceived responsibility. DIRT subjects experienced significantly greater before to after-treatment reductions in symptomatology on six outcome measures. On 10 of the remaining 11 measures, posttreatment mean scores were lower in the DIRT condition than in the ERP condition, though differences between groups failed to reach significance. Of note, on 3 of the 17 measures, DIRT subjects experienced significantly greater posttreatment to follow-up symptom reduction. Finally, and most importantly, symptom change (regardless of treatment condition) was shown to significantly correlate with change in threat or disease expectancy across the trial. No relationships were found between improvements in perceived responsibility and any of the dependent variables. The findings suggest that DIRT and ERP may be working by reducing specific beliefs in threat; the former treatment being more effective in producing such change than the latter.
Performance-Related Beliefs in Social Phobia: Why Social Phobics Perceive Performance Requirements as Exceeding Their Abilities
Authors: Allen Karina L. , Page Andrew C. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThis review evaluates five explanations for why social phobics perceive a discrepancy between performance requirements and their own abilities. There is little evidence to suggest that social phobia is associated with perfectionistic performance standards (possibility 1), perfectionistic standards in social situations (possibility 2), or perceptions of perfectionistic standards in others (possibility 3). Possibility 4, that social phobics set rigid performance standards, requires additional research. Support is provided for possibility 5, however, which proposes that social phobics perceive their own performance abilities negatively. Subsequently, it is concluded that low self-related beliefs account for the discrepancy between social phobics' perceptions of performance requirements, and their perceptions of their performance abilities. This conclusion is discussed in the context of contrasting models of social phobia, and implications for treatment are considered.
Home-Based Imaginal Desensitisation in Pathological Gambling: Short-Term Outcomes
Authors: Blaszczynski Alex , Drobny Juliette , Steel Zachary 
Published: October 2005

AbstractRandomised controlled outcome studies have demonstrated the efficacy of imaginal desensitisation in inpatient settings. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of a prerecorded audiocassette version of the imaginal desensitisation procedure that was designed for home-based use in reducing gambling urges and behaviours on a sample of diagnosed pathological gamblers who sought treatment at a university teaching hospital at 2-month follow-up. Pretreatment to 2-month follow-up repeated measures revealed a significant reduction in visual analogue scale ratings of urge, preoccupation and perceived self-control over gambling; indices of actual gambling behaviour; and psychometric measures of anxiety, depression and impulsivity. A prerecorded audiocassette version of imaginal desensitisation for home use represents a cost-effective approach in the management of pathological gambling.
Are Negative Cognitions Associated With Severe Acute Trauma Responses?
Authors: Nixon Reginald D.V. , Bryant Richard A. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractRecent cognitive models of trauma response predict that negative trauma appraisals are central to the development of psychopathological stress reactions. Fifty-nine civilian survivors of motor vehicle accidents (MVA;n= 24) and nonsexual assaults (n= 35) were assessed within 4 weeks of their traumatic event for acute stress disorder (ASD), prior traumatic events and prior mental health contact, and were administered the Anxiety Sensitivity Index and the Posttraumatic Cognitions Inventory. Participants who were diagnosed with ASD displayed more maladaptive appraisals about their functioning following their trauma and reported higher levels of concern regarding anxiety symptoms than those who were not diagnosed with ASD. Negative beliefs were strongly associated with acute stress severity. These findings are discussed in the context of cognitive mechanisms that may influence maladaptive adjustment following trauma.
Facilitation of Memory for Events by Photographic Review for People With Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Rendle Valerie , McDonald Skye , Salmon Karen 
Published: October 2005

AbstractPeople with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) often have poor psychosocial outcomes. Poor memory may contribute to this because it impedes the ability to share experiences and reminisce about past experiences. This study was designed to determine whether photographic partial reminders would improve recall of incidentally learned complex events in people with severe TBI. Two groups of 10 people with severe TBI viewed videotapes of everyday events. One group was shown photographic reminders of half the events shown two days later on 3 occasions separated by 10 minutes. Twenty minutes after the last review (or control activity) both groups were tested for free recall and recognition of the videotape events. The reminder group recalled a greater percentage of reviewed events and objects per events recalled, but a similar number of actions per event recalled, compared to the control group. Photographic review did not decrease recall of nonreviewed events or affect recognition of reviewed or nonreviewed events.
Context-sensitive Cognitive Rehabilitation after Brain Injury: Theory and Practice
Authors: Ylvisaker Mark 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThe goal of this article is to describe and offer a rationale for an approach to cognitive rehabilitation labelled “context sensitive”. This approach stands in contrast to the modern tradition of cognitive rehabilitation that features massed and decontextualized process-specific cognitive exercises. The paper begins with theoretical considerations, emphasises the history of research in transfer of cognitive skill, incorporates the World Health Organization framework, describes context-sensitive apprenticeship procedures, draws on evidence accumulated over several decades with related disability groups, and ends with answers to frequently asked questions.
Traumatic Brain Injury and Psychosocial Function: Let's Get Social
Authors: McDonald Skye 
Published: October 2005

AbstractDisorders of psychosocial function manifested in a reduction in socially skilled behaviour, are prevalent following traumatic brain injury. It is clear to most clinicians that these can present the major obstacle to successful rehabilitation. Outcome studies also support this view. Despite this, there is relatively little systematic work addressing social skills remediation in Australia or elsewhere. There are even fewer studies that have evaluated the effectiveness of social skills treatment after traumatic brain injury. In this address I will consider social skills from a social skills framework that has been developed in the normal literature. This framework encompasses social behaviour and social perception (i.e., the ability to read cues accurately and social problem-solving). Social behaviour is the most common target for remediation in both the normal and brain-injured populations. There is a range of useful techniques that have proven to be efficacious in treating social skills in non-brain-injured populations and also to have some effectiveness in the treatment of traumatic brain injury. In addition, however, it is clear that both social perception (i.e., the ability to read social cues accurately and social problem-solving are also compromised after TBI). These areas are infrequently targeted for remediation, although again, there are some remediation principles that are relevant and potentially fruitful. Finally, it is important to understand the impact of psychological reactive factors such as depression and poor self-esteem in producing or maintaining poor social skills.
The Effect of Item Type on Performance of the Matrix Reasoning Subtest of the WAIS-III in Traumatically Brain Injured and Non Brain-injured Control Participants
Authors: Crowe Simon F. , Bittner Robyn M. , Raggl Ramona , Senior Graeme 
Published: October 2005

AbstractQualitative analysis of neuropsychological instruments has been a long tradition in neuropsychological assessment. This study extended this type of analysis to the Matrix Reasoning (MR) subtest of the WAIS-III. The study compared the performance of TBI participants on the item types identified within the MR subtest (i.e., pattern completion, classification, analogy and serial reasoning) with a group of normal controls. MR items were classified into categories (as defined respectively by the Psychological Corporation and by our own research definition). Ninety-three non brain-injured control and 72 brain injured control participants were included in the study. One way analysis of variance indicated that the TBI group performed significantly worse than the non brain-injured group the MR performance overall as well as for both the Psychological Corporation classification and on the research defined categories. Within group analysis revealed that both groups performed significantly differently across the item categories with the most difficult categories being analogy and serial reasoning for the research defined categories and the classification and serial reasoning categories for the Psychological Corporation-defined groups. The results of the study indicate that an item type analysis of the MR performance may further contribute to the qualitative aspects of diagnostic formulation.
Sibling Behaviours and Relationships Following Mild to Moderate Childhood Traumatic Brain Injury: Preliminary Findings
Authors: Fay Taryn , Barker-Collo Suzanne 
Published: October 2005

AbstractRecent attention has begun to focus on the impact of childhood traumatic brain injury (TBI) on the family. This study examined the impact of mild to moderate childhood TBI on parental ratings of well and injured siblings' behaviours in relation to well siblings' ratings of the impact of injury and the sibling relationship. Parents of 10 children with TBI and 10 children with orthopaedic injury rated both injured and well siblings' behaviours using the Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL). Well siblings completed the Sibling Impact Questionnaire (SIQ) and Sibling Relationship Questionnaire (SRQ). Results indicated that children with TBI exhibited significantly more externalising and total behaviours than children with orthopaedic injury, while well siblings of children with TBI exhibited more internalising behaviours than siblings of children with orthopaedic injury. Well siblings' ratings of the impact of the injury and sibling relationship did not differ significantly across groups. The behaviours of well siblings and their ratings of injury impact and sibling relationship are examined in relation to the behaviours of the injured siblings for the two groups. The implications of the findings are examined in terms of the need to involve siblings in the rehabilitation process.
The Clinical Practice of a Community Rehabilitation Team for People with Acquired Brain Injury
Authors: Tate Robyn L. , Strettles Barbara , Osoteo Thelma 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThe aim of this study was to examine the clinical practice of a community team that is one component of the statewide, government-funded, specialist Brain Injury Rehabilitation Program for New South Wales, Australia. The 467 clients served by the community team of the Brain Injury Rehabilitation Service at Liverpool Hospital, Sydney during the calendar year 2000 were identified and their use of clinical services described. A random sample of 50 clients from this group was studied in further detail, with specific reference to the type of therapy interventions they received. This was compared with the therapy interventions received 2 years later, in 2002. A total of 8046 occasions of service (OoS) were recorded for the 467 clients during 2000, with a median number of 8 OoS per client. All disciplines contributed to this number, with case managers providing the largest number of OoS (n = 2734). Between 65–75% of clients attended medical clinics and received services from case managers, with between 15–30% of clients receiving services from allied health disciplines. The random sample received a median of 9 OoS during 2000, and a median of 3 therapy interventions per client. Therapy interventions pertaining to living skills were addressed in 66% of the group, interpersonal relationships in 54%, and occupational activity in 44%. Although the community team continued to provide a comparable number of OoS in 2000 and 2002, 56% of the random sample had been discharged by 2002. There were significant group differences between those who were discharged and those who remained in the service. Additionally, for those who remained in the service, there was a significant reduction of OoS and therapy interventions between 2000 and 2002. The data were used to draw together a model of clinical practice of the community team.
Ageing and Visual Orienting in Response to Complex Spatial Cues
Authors: Lambert Anthony , Holmes Jane 
Published: October 2005

AbstractAn experiment is reported in which young and older adults performed a visual orienting task and a cue discrimination task. In the visual orienting task symbolic cues (letters) provided predictive information concerning the likely location of a target stimulus. Two letters, drawn from a pool of four ‘valid’ and four ‘invalid’ letters, were presented bilaterally, at either central or peripheral locations. In the cue discrimination task participants were presented with the same bilateral letter stimuli, and indicated whether these represented a valid letter on the right with an invalid letter on the left, or vice versa. In the visual orienting task young adults shifted attention appropriately in response to the letter cues, but older adults failed to do this. Older participants also performed more poorly on the cue discrimination task. However, even older participants who performed as well as young participants on the cue discrimination task failed to orient in response to the letter cues. Results are discussed in terms of effects of ageing on the ability to forge functionally effective links between different task components in the course of learning how to perform new perceptuomotor skills.
The Significance of Age-Related Androgen Depletion in Cognitive Impairment: A Review
Authors: Burkhardt Melanie S. , Foster Jonathan K. , Martins Ralph N. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThe potential role of supplementing sex steroids for the prevention and delay of age-related cognitive decline has received a great deal of recent interest. Although the biological plausibility of hormone treatment has received considerable support, clinical studies of cognitive functioning after hormonal treatment in postmenopausal women with and without dementia have produced mixed results. Much less attention has been given to the corresponding role of androgens in men. In order to establish the relevance of hormonal supplementation for men in delaying or preventing cognitive decline, it is of importance to evaluate both adrenal and gonadal contributions to androgen status. Additionally, consideration must also be given to the potential interactions of androgens with risk and protective factors (e.g., apolipoprotein E genotype and education). Here we review experimental and epidemiological studies of the significance of androgens for cognitive function.
Quantitative and Qualitative Impairments in Semantic Fluency, but not Phonetic Fluency, as a Potential Risk Factor for Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: O'Dowd Brona , Chalk Jonathan , Zubicaray Greig de 
Published: October 2005

AbstractQualitative aspects of verbal fluency may be more useful in discerning the precise cause of any quantitative deficits in phonetic or category fluency, especially in the case of mild cognitive impairment (MCI), a possible intermediate stage between normal performance and Alzheimer's disease (AD). The aim of this study was to use both quantitative and qualitative (switches and clusters) methods to compare the phonetic and category verbal fluency performance of elderly adults with no cognitive impairment (n = 51), significant memory impairment (n = 16), and AD (n = 16). As expected, the AD group displayed impairments in all quantitative and qualitative measures of the two fluency tasks relative to their age- and education-matched peers. By contrast, the amnestic MCI group produced fewer animal names on the semantic fluency task than controls and showed normal performance on the phonetic fluency task. The MCI group's inferior category fluency performance was associated with a deficit in their category-switching rate rather than word cluster size. Overall, the results indicate that a semantic measure such as category fluency when used in conjunction with a test of episodic memory may increase the sensitivity for detecting preclinical AD. Future research using external cues and other measures of set shifting capacity may assist in clarifying the origin of the amnestic MCI-specific category-switching deficiency.
Marital Dyad Perceptions of Injured Partners' Communication Following Severe Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Bracy Christine A. , Douglas Jacinta M. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThis study was undertaken to establish empirically whether couples in which the husband has sustained a severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) differed significantly, with respect to perceptions of husbands' interpersonal communication skills, from control couples in which the husband had sustained a traumatic orthopaedic injury (ORTHO) without injury to the brain. Fifty married couples (25 TBI dyads and 25 ORTHO dyads) were interviewed and completed a questionnaire for the study. Analysis of variance and planned comparisons were used to examine between- and within-group differences. TBI dyads were significantly different to control dyads with respect to perceptions of husbands' communication abilities. Both husbands and wives in long-term TBI dyads reported husbands to experience continuing interpersonal communication difficulties. As a group, TBI husbands self-reported significantly more communication difficulties than did ORTHO husbands. TBI wives and ORTHO wives also produced significantly different perceptions of their husbands' communication abilities. TBI wives perceived their husbands to have a number of interpersonal communication difficulties, while control group wives reported their husbands to be competent communicators.
Incommensurate modulation at 165 °C of intermediate tridymite
Authors: Graetsch Heribert A. , Brunelli Michela 
Published: October 2005

Abstract
The crystal structure of the incommensurate modification of SiO2 tridymite existing between 150 and 200 °C was refined in the 3 + 1 dimensional superspace group P21(α
β 0) from synchrotron powder diffraction data. The modulation consists of rotations and tiltings of rigid SiO4/2 tetrahedra with mainly transversal displacements of the atoms. At 165 °C the wave vector is r = 0.054a∗ + 0.004b∗. The largest amplitude is ca. 0.4 Å for oxygen and ca. 0.2 Å for silicon. Si—O—Si intertetrahedral and O—Si…Si—O torsion angles vary by more than 10°. The torsion rotations are larger for pairs of adjacent tetrahedra in trans-configuration than for those in cis-configuration. The shape of six-membered rings of tetrahedra change from almost hexagonal to ditrigonal along the modulation vector.
Monoorganotin-polyoxometal-compounds – III. Synthesis and crystal structure of [(nBuSn)9(VVO)3O14(OH)6Cl2(dmso)2] · 3DMSO
Authors: Izaaryene Maher , Kastner Guido , Reuter Hans 
Published: October 2005

Abstract
The synthesis, molecular and crystal structure of (nBuSn)9(VVO)3O14(OH)6Cl2(dmso)2 · 3 DMSO (1) are described. The yellow compound crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P2(1)/n (No. 14) with a = 17.961(5) Å, b = 19.222(4) Å, c = 26.748(6) Å, β = 106.776(2)°, V = 8842(4) Å3, Z = 4. The neutral monoorganotin-polyoxo-vanadium molecule (nBuSn)9(VVO)3O14(OH)6Cl2 × (dmso)2 (1a) shows the same distorted icosahedral arrangement of the metal atoms and a very similar metal-oxygen framework as the well known [(iPrSn)12O14(OH)6]2+ ion (2) from which it can be derived formally by substitution of three square pyramidally coordinated {RSnO4} groups by three {OVO4} groups of the same geometry. In addition, two further {RSnO4} groups are replaced by two octahedral {RSnO3Cl(dmso)} units.
Crossover from classical to 3d-Ising critical behaviour near the antiferrodistortive phase transition of lawsonite
Authors: Schranz Wilfried , Tröster Andreas , Gardon Manuel , Krexner Gerhard , Prem Manfred , Carpenter Michael Allan , Sondergeld Peter , Armbruster Thomas 
Published: October 2005

Abstract
Results of X-ray scattering intensities and peak profiles of lawsonite single crystals are presented in a wide temperature range including the antiferrodistortive phase transition Cmcm – (T
c ∼ 270 K) → Pmcn. In the integrated intensities of the superlattice reflections above T
c pronounced pretransitional tails similar to those detected recently in birefringence [P. Sondergeld et al., Phys. Rev. B62, 6143 (2000)] and in excess entropy data [S. A. Hayward et al., Eur. J. Min. 14, 1145 (2002)] are observed. These tails correspond to diffuse Lorentzian shaped scattering peaks. The temperature variation of the diffuse scattering intensity and profile can be well described within a Landau-Ginzburg model. In combination with entropy data we obtain a complete set of free energy parameters. Using these coefficients we are able to fit the spontaneous part and the precursor tails of the integrated intensities, the excess birefringence and entropy in a broad temperature range outside a temperature interval of about ±3 K around T
c. In the vicinity of T
c the experimental data are in excellent agreement with the predictions of a crossover model, the effective critical exponent α
eff(τ) varying from the classical (α
eff = 0.5) to the 3d Ising limit (α
eff = 0.11). Lawsonite therefore represents an ideal system to study the crossover from classical to critical behavior.