bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polyelectrolyte Complexes of Chitosan with Sodium Carboxymethylcellulose
Authors: Fukuda Hiroshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A new water-insoluble precipitate was obtained by mixing chitosan with sodium carboxymethylcellulose, an anti-thrombogenic agent. The mole ratio of N/COO− in the polyelectrolyte complexes was estimated to be 0.3935–0.9071. It was found that pH, mole ratio of N/Na in the reaction mixture and the order of mixing play an important role in determining the composition ratio of N/COO−. In order to clarify the relationship between the molecular conformation of the polyelectrolyte complexes and their properties, IR spectroscopic studies, elementary analyses, color reaction with Toluidine Blue, studies on solubility and blood clotting test in vitro were performed. The polyelectrolyte complex, prepared at higher pH, differed from that prepared at lower pH, particularly in the density of –COOH group site. These results were interpreted in terms of the variation in the degree of electrolytic dissociation of the weak polyelectrolytes, caused by pH change. All the polyelectrolyte complexes revealed clot-inhibition in vitro. The clot-inhibiting behavior seems to be due to the clot-inhibiting surface of the polyelectrolyte complex, not to the elution of the activity from the surface.
Dielectric Properties of the Hydrogen-bonded Liquids. Steric Effects on Dielectric Properties in Glycerol and Acetylated Glycerols
Authors: Ikada Eiji , Yamamoto Kousaku , Ashida Michio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The dielectric constant and the dielectric loss of a monohydroxy molecule (glycerol diacetate) and a dihydroxy molecule (glycerol monoacetate) in the pure liquid state were measured over the frequency range from 23 Hz to 3 MHz in order to elucidate the relation between the steric effects of the acetoxyl group and the dielectric properties of alcohols. For a better understanding, the results of this work were discussed together with those of glycerol and glycerol triacetate. The static dielectric constants decrease in the order of glycerol, glycerol monoacetate, glycerol diacetate, and glycerol triacetate. This order agrees with the order of the decreasing number of hydroxyl groups per molecule. On the other hand, the four curves of a temperature variation of the relaxation times almost form one curve, although the molecular weights and interaction, which are important factors for the determination of relaxation times, differ greatly among the four molecules. Accordingly, it is concluded that the decrease in molecular weight due to the replacement of the acetyl group CH3CO by a hydrogen atom counteracts the enhanced molecular interaction due to the increased OH···O hydrogen bonds. The experimental Cole-Cole arcs of the complex dielectric constants were well represented by the calculated curve of the Davidson-Cole empirical equation, for glycerol mono- and diacetate as well as for glycerol.
STUDIES ON THE ASYMMETRIC OXIDATION. PART II
Authors: Shibata Yuji , Tanaka Yasuo , Goda Shiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The Catalytic oxidation of d-catechin by d- and l- [Co en2NH3Cl]Br2 was studied. The course of these oxidation reactions were observed in two different ways: one of the methods was the measurements of rotation changes of solutions containing d-catechin and d- or l-cobaltic complex salt, and the other was the determenations of oxygen quantities absorbed by those solutions during the oxidation reactions. In both cases we could confirm that the oxidation takes place always asymmetrically, d-complex salt oxidising d-catechin more rapidly than l-complex salt.
Further we studied the oxidation of d-catechin by racemic [Co en2NH3Cl]Br2 and could confirm that the oxidation in this case goes on very similarly with the system of (d-catechin +l-complex salt), instead of taking an average course of those shown respectively by d- and l-complex salts. Concerning to the cause of this result, it was discussed from the point of view of natural enzyme actions.
REACTION BETWEEN TRIMETHYLTIN HYDROXIDE AND METHYLIODIDE
Authors: Harada Taichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The reaction between trimethyltin hydroxide and methyliodide was studied. The compound formed from the mixture was identical to the compound formed from trimethyltin hydroxide and trimethyltin iodide having the formula ((CH3)3Sn)3OX, H2O.
The conductance of the compound was studied. The results indicate that the compound appears to be a salt.
ON THE RATE OF SOLUTION OF OXYGEN INTO WATER. PART VI. THE RATE OF ABSORPTION OF OXYGEN BY SODIUM SULPHITE SOLUTION
Authors: Miyamoto Susumu , Kaya Tetsuo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
(1) The rate of solution of oxygen into sodium sulphite solution of various concentrations was observed by the measurements of the decrease of the volume of gas phase at constant temperature and pressure.
(2) At low concentrations of sodium sulphite solution, the rate of solution of oxygen increases as the concentration of sodium sulphite increases. At middle concentrations, the rate of solution is maximum and independent of the concentration of sodium sulphite.
At high concentrations the rate of solution decreases with the increase of the concentration of sodium sulphite.
(3) A theoretical interpretation on the results of the present experiments was given.
STUDIES ON THE REACTIONS BETWEEN GAS AND SOLID. PART I. VELOCITY OF ABSORPTION OF MOISTURE BY QUICKLIME
Authors: Aono Takeo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
(1) From the experimental study, it has been found that the mechanism of absorption of moisture by quicklime can be explained as follows: free CaO absorbs moisture to form Ca(OH)2, the velocity of which being proportional to the humidity, and the Ca(OH)2 formed, getting off from the mother CaO in fine powders, and swelling in its volume, quickly absorbs moisture,the amount of which being proportional to the amount of Ca(OH)2 formed.
(2) The general equation of the velocity of the increase of weight at constant temperature has been given as (Remark: Graphics omitted.)
(3) The effect of temperature elevation has also been studied.
STUDIES ON THE REACTIONS BETWEEN GAS AND SOLID. PART II. ABSORPTION OF CO2 BY CaO AND Ca(OH)2
Authors: Aono Takeo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
(1) It was determened experimentally that the velocity of absorption of CO2 by Ca(OH)2 is proportional to the concentration of CO2 (or partial pressure of CO2) in the air, and to the absorbing capacity of the substance: (Remark: Graphics omitted.) (2) For the change of weight due to the absorption of dry CO2 by dry Ca(OH)2 the following equation was proposed (Remark: Graphics omitted.) and was also experimentally discussed.
Fuel Mixing Effects on Propagation of Premixed Flames. I. Hydrogen + Carbon Monoxide Flames
Authors: Fukutani Seishiro , Kunioshi Nílson 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The combustion mechanisms in premixed flames having a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide as the fuel and the stoichiometric amount of air as the oxidizer were investigated by numerical simulation to elucidate the fuel-mixing effects on the burning velocity. Hydrogen and carbon monoxide have similar physical properties and their stoichiometric flames with air are known to propagate through the same type of mechanism, governed by active species diffusion. The flames of the mixed fuel hydrogen+carbon monoxide were found here to have their heat-release rate distributions changing with conformity in shape when the fuel composition is changed. The burning velocity was found to vary almost linearly with the hydrogen content in the fuel. Furthermore, the flux of chemical energy which is carried into low-temperature regions by hydrogen atoms diffusing from the flame front was also found to be roughly proportional to the burning velocity.
Structures and Spectral Properties of Some Bis(carboxylato)copper(II)-Pyrazole Complexes. I. Preparation of Bis(trifluoroacetato)tetrakis(pyrazole)copper(II)
Authors: Kogane Tamizo , Harada Kazumasa , Umehara Michiko , Hirota Reiko , Nakahara Masayoshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The preparation of several kinds of [Cu(tfa)2(Hpzl)4] (Htfa = trifluoroacetic acid; Hpzl = 1H-pyrazoles) by stoichiometric reactions of [Cu(hfac)2] (Hhfac = 1,1,1,5,5,5-hexafluoro-2,4-pentanedione) with a pyrazole in petroleum ether is reported. As isolable intermediate of this reaction, [Cu(hfac)2(Hpzl)4] was obtained in some cases. The structure of [Cu(tfa)2(4-Hmpz)4] (1e) (4-Hmpz = 4-methyl-1H-pyrazole) has been determined by X-ray analysis. The structures of other [Cu(tfa)2(Hpzl)4] are estimated on the basis of their IR spectra.
Formation of AOT Reversed Micelles and W/O Microemulsions
Authors: Kawai Takeshi , Hamada Kaoru , Shindo Naoaki , Kon-no Kijiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The dependence of limiting amounts of solubilized water upon the concentration of sodium 1,2-bis(2-ethylhexyloxycarbonyl)ethanesulfonate (AOT) in apolar solvents was measured by the Karl-Fischer method at 30 °C. In the solubilization regions, two or three states of water, i.e., water bound directly to ionic head groups of AOT and water bound to the hydrated ionic groups or bulk-like water, were found to exist from NMR, ESR, fluorescence, and near infrared spectroscopic measurements. These types of water were related to the formation of reversed and swollen micelles or W/O microemulsions.
Mutual Separation Characteristics and Mechanism for Lanthanoid Elements via Gas Phase Complexes with Alkaline Metal and/or Aluminium Chlorides
Authors: Murase Kuniaki , Shinozaki Kiyoshi , Machida Ken-ichi , Adachi Gin-ya 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Mutual separations between mixed lanthanoid chlorides, LnCl3 (Ln = Pr and Nd), were performed using a chemical-vapor transporting method via gaseous complexes with a series of alkaline metal chlorides (ACl). The resulting separation factor depended slightly on the alkaline metals, indicating a tendency for the factor to increase with the atomic number; good separation characteristics were observed for gaseous complexes with KCl and RbCl. For complexes in ternary systems, LnCl3–ACl–AlCl3, the codeposition of ACl with LnCl3, which took place in the binary system, LnCl3–ACl, was depressed and LnCl3 was obtained in a form free from the used complex formers.
Effect of Ionizable and Non-Ionizable Surfactants on the Polarographic Reduction of Some Metal Ions
Authors: Ismail Mohamed Ismail 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The effect of ionizable and non-ionizable surfactants was studied on the electrode kinetics of various metal ions such as TI(I), Pb(II), Sb(III), U(VI), Bi(III), Cu(II), Cd(II), In(III), Cr(III), and Ti(IV) in an acetate medium. The cationic surfactant, dodecylammonium perchlorate (DDAH+), causes a little enhancement effect on most metal ions studied. The non-ionic surfactant, Triton X 100 causes a marked negative shift in E1/2 of all metal ions except Tl(I). The shift in E1/2 can be used for the selective polarographic determination of these metal ions either individually in the presence of TI(I) or simultaneously in a mixture. The anionic surfactant, sodium dodecylsulfate (DDS) forms an electro-inactive complex with In(III). Advantage of this behavior was taken to determine Cd(II) in the presence of In(III). Excellent linear correlations were observed between the limiting current (i1) and the concentration (C) of metal ions.
Spectrophotometric Determination of Trace Amounts of Sulfide Ion Based on Its Catalytic Reduction of Toluidine Blue
Authors: Mousavi Mir Fazlollah , Shamsipur Mojtaba 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A simple, rapid, and sensitive method has been developed for the determination of trace sulfide (0.28–1.7 μg cm−3) based on its catalytic reduction of Toluidine Blue in the presence of Se(IV). The reaction is monitored spectrophotometrically by measuring the decreasing absorbance of the dyestuff at 628 nm by the fixed time method. The limit of detection is 50 ng cm−3 and the relative standard deviation for 1 μg cm−3 sulfide is 2.4%. The method was applied to the determination of sulfide in spring water.
Mechanism of the Triplet-Sensitized Photolysis of N-(1-Naphthylsulfonyl)-N-phenyl-O-(p-toluoyl)hydroxylamine
Authors: Sakurai Tadamitsu , Nakamura Makoto , Hakii Tsuyoshi , Inoue Hiroyasu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The title hydroxylamine (SO2NT) undergoes triplet-sensitized photolysis in the presence of benzophenone (BP) or its derivative to give rearrangement and fragmentation products. Observations of the toluoyloxyl-migrated products, which are not obtained by the triplet-sensitized photolysis of N-(1-naphthoyl)-N-phenyl-O-(p-toluoyl)hydroxylamine (NT), indicate the occurrence of an efficient intersystem crossing of a triplet radical pair initially formed into a singlet radical pair. Internal heavy-atom-like effects of the partially charged sulfonyl sulfur and oxygen atoms are suggested to be responsible for this effective spin inversion. The finding that benzil, both the excited singlet and triplet states of which lie below those of SO2NT, causes a sensitized photolysis of this hydroxylamine to afford the same rearrangement and fragmentation products establishes the fact that a reaction sensitized by BP or its derivative proceeds through a triplet-exciplex intermediate. The effects of the solvent polarity and substituents of BP on the quantum yields for the reaction are discussed.
Structure of and Tetrahedral Character of the Boron Atom in 9-[2-(1-Ethylthiopentyl)phenyl]-9-borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane
Authors: Toyota Shinji , Oki Michinori 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Structure of the title compound was determined by the X-ray analysis. The sulfur atom intramolecularly coordinates to the boron atom with a distance of 2.071 Å and the relation between the butyl group at the benzylic position and the S-ethyl group is nearly anti. The observed dynamic behavior in the compound is discussed on the basis of the structure and the results of some NMR experiments. Other structural features and the tetrahedral character of the boron atom are also reported.
Molecular and Crystal Structure of 3,5,5-Trimethyl-2-(2-methyl-2-nitropropyl)-2-cyclohexen-1-one Possessing Molecular Asymmetry
Authors: Azuma Nagao , Ozawa Takehiro , Yamawaki Kunihiko , Tamura Rui 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The crystal structure of an aliphatic nitro compound with atropisomerism, C13H21NO3, has been determined by X-ray diffraction at ambient temperature. The monoclinic structure (P21/c, Z = 8) was refined by the full-matrix least-squares method to a final R = 0.040 for 2394 observed unique reflections. Two crystallographically independent molecules consist of a pair of atropisomers. The intramolecular O···H–C type hydrogen bonds (O···C(methyl): 3.21–3.54 Å) and the contact between the nitro oxygen and ethylenic carbon atoms (O···C: 3.24 and 3.36 Å) may be responsible for this isomerism.
Kinetics of Oxidation of Aniline and Xylidines by the Tetrahydroxoargentate(III) Ion
Authors: Kumar Anil , Panwar Ashok 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The reactions of [Ag(OH)4]− with aniline and xylidines have been investigated. The stopped-flow experiments reveal kinetically distinguishable steps involving initial complexation of the substrate with the silver(III) species which is followed by its decomposition. The latter process obeys first-order kinetics and takes place with a rate constant of about 0.8 s−1 through intramolecular electron transfer from substrate to the silver(III) center. Azobenzene and p-benzoquinone have been identified as the main products of the reaction of [Ag(OH)4]− and aniline. An increase in concentration of aniline enhances the yield of azobenzene which accounts for approximately 65% of the consumed aniline. This effect has been interpreted by the increased effective complexation between aniline and [Ag(OH)4]− at higher concentrations. The stoichiometry of the reaction is found to vary with a change in the concentration of aniline. At higher concentrations it comes out to be 1 : 2 for [Ag(OH)4]− : aniline. A mechanism of this reaction is worked out.
Effect of a Combination of Drawing and Heat Treatment on the Tensile Properties of Poly[1,3,4-oxadiazole-2,5-diyl- 1,4-phenyleneimino(chloroterephthaloyl)imino-1,4-phenylene] Film
Authors: Hirai Kan , Amemiya Yoshiaki , Sano Youichiro , Kojima Kyouhei 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Poly[1,3,4-oxadiazole-2,5-diyl-1,4-phenyleneimino(chloroterephthaloyl)imino-1,4-phenylene] (PBO-ClT) was prepared by the low-temperature solution polycondensation of 2,5-bis(p-aminophenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole with 2-chloroterephthaloyl dichloride in the presence of lithium carbonate as an acid accepter in 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP). The value of the inherent viscosity of PBO-ClT was 1.79 dl g−1 in sulfuric acid (0.5 g/100 ml, 25 °C). PBO-ClT was easily dissolved in NMP and N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMA). The solubility of PBO-ClT, chloro-substituted polymer, was larger than that of poly(1,3,4-oxadiazole-2,5-diyl-1,4-phenyleneiminoterephthaloylimino-1,4-phenylene) in these organic solvents. In order to enhance the tensile properties of PBO-ClT films cast from NMP solutions, the films were drawn and heat-treated under various conditions. The films were drawn in a DMA/water mixture (80 : 20, v/v, 70 °C) and subsequently heat-treated (the temperature was raised from room temp to 300 °C at a heating rate of 12—15 °C min−1). The values of the tensile strength, tensile modulus, and breaking energy of the drawn and heat-treated films were 1.30 GPa, 22.8 GPa, and 37.3 MJ m−3, respectively. These values were changed into 1.02 GPa, 18.5 GPa, and 26.9 MJ m−3 after 2 h of heat-aging at 350 °C in air. These results showed the high-temperature durability of the drawn and heat-treated materials.
Orientational Opacity Functions for the CN(A) and CN(B) Radical Formations in the Ar(3P) + CF3CN Reaction
Authors: Che Dock-Chil , Kasai Toshio , Ohoyama Hiroshi , Kuwata Keiji 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Using the oriented molecular beam, the orientational dependence of the CN(A) and of the CN(B) radical formation has been reinvestigated to obtain orientational opacity functions for the Ar(3P) + CF3CN reaction. The steric model with the Legendre polynomial expansion gave the best-fit functions which have two reactive sites on CF3CN. One site locates at the CN end and the other one near the C–F bonds. It was found that the CF3 end attack is the least favorable for both CN formations. These results substantiate the relationship between the shape of the 2e and 7a1 molecular orbitals of CF3CN and the orientational opacity functions.
Preparation and Characterization of Nitrosylruthenium(III) Complexes Containing Diethylenetriamine
Authors: Asanuma Risa , Tomizawa Hiroshi , Urushiyama Akio , Miki Eiichi , Mizumachi Kunihiko , Ishimori Tatsujiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Some kinds of {RuII-NO+}-type complexes containing a diethylenetriamine ligand were prepared from hydrous RuX3·NO (X = Cl or Br) and diethylenetriamine. Among them, the crystal and molecular structures for trans-mer-[RuCl2(dien)NO]PF6 (1) and mer-[RuBr3(Hdien)NO]Br·H2O (2) (dien = diethylenetriamine) were determined by X-ray diffraction. The crystal of 1 was monoclinic, space group P21/a with a = 21.296(4), b = 6.602(2), c = 10.079(2) Å, β = 97.12(2)°, Z = 4, and final R = 0.0307, and the crystal of 2 was orthorhombic, space group P212121 with a = 11.988(4), b = 17.234(9), c = 7.141(2) Å, Z = 4, and final R = 0.0825. In 1, the two chloro ligands were in the trans arrangement and the dien was in the meridional arrangement as a tridentate ligand. In 2, the three bromo ligands were in the meridionalarrangement with the Hdien coordinated to the ruthenium through one terminal and central nitrogen atoms as a bidentate ligand, and the remaining uncoordinated terminal moiety was –NH3+. The trans-strengthening effect that is expected to be caused by the NO was not observed for the Ru–N(dien) bond. The synthesized complexes were also characterized by IR and NMR spectra.
Analytical Study on Separation of Vanadium(V), Niobium(V), and Tantalum(V)
Authors: Kakade Sharad Mahadeo , Shinde Vijay Malhar 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A simple and rapid method for extractive separation of vanadium(V), niobium(V), and tantalum(V) from halide media has been worked out using triphenylphosphine oxide in toluene as an extractant. The optimum conditions for extraction and separation have been evaluated from critical study of various variable factors. The log–log plots are used to ascertain probable extractable species. The method is applicable to the analysis of standard alloy samples and synthetic mixtures. The results are reproducible and accurate.
X-Ray Crystal Structures and Unusual Magnetic Properties of Alkoxo-Bridged Copper(II) Complexes with 2-Dialkylaminoethanol and 1-Dialkylamino-2-propanol
Authors: Mikuriya Masahiro , Yamamoto Masato , Mori Wasuke 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A series of alkoxo-bridged copper(II) complexes with 2-dialkylaminoethanol and 1-dialkylamino-2-propanol, [Cu2(R2NCH2CH2O)2(NCS)2] and [Cu2{R2NCH2CH(CH3)O}2(NCS)2] (R = CH3, C2H5, n-C3H7, i-C3H7), have been prepared and characterized by infrared and electronic spectroscopies, and temperature dependence of magnetic susceptibilities. The crystal structures of [Cu2{i-C3H7)2NCH2CH2O}2(NCS)2] and [Cu2{R2NCH2CH(CH3)O}2(NCS)2] (R = CH3, C2H5, n-C3H7, i-C3H7) have been determined by X-ray crystallography. The compounds are polymeric with copper atoms alternately bridged by two alkoxo oxygen atoms and two thiocyanate ions, except for [Cu2{(i-C3H7)2NCH2CH(CH3)O}2(NCS)2] which is a discrete alkoxo-bridged dinuclear molecule. The unusual magnetic properties are discussed in relation to the crystal structures.
New Synthetic Methods and Reagents for Complex Carbohydrates. VIII. Stereoselective α- and β-Mannopyranoside Formation from Glycosyl Dimethylphosphinothioates with the C-2 Axial Benzyloxyl Group
Authors: Yamanoi Takashi , Nakamura Kazumi , Takeyama Hiroshi , Yanagihara Kenji , Inazu Toshiyuki 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The reactions of mannopyranosyl dimethylphosphinothioates and alcohols using silver perchlorate as an activator in the presence of molecular sieves 4A in benzene at room temperature gave the 1,2-trans-α-mannopyranosides in good yields. On the other hand, 1,2-cis-β-mannopyranosides could be obtained from the dimethylphosphinothioates by the combined use of iodine and 5 mol% triphenylmethyl perchlorate as an activating system. The syntheses of the derivatives of αMan(1→6)[αMan(1→3)]Man and βMan(1→4)GlcNAc units of glycoproteins by these methods are described.
Photocontrolled Uptake and Release of Photochromic Haptens by Monoclonal Antibodies. Evidence of Photoisomerization Inside the Hapten-Binding Site
Authors: Harada Masataka , Sisido Masahiko , Hirose Jyunzo , Nakanishi Mamoru 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies against a tetrapeptide carrying a photochromic azobenzene moiety (Glu–azoAla–Gly–Gly, azoAla = l–p–phenylazophenylalanine) were prepared under conditions where the azobenzene moiety was in the trans form. The binding of the hapten peptide to the antibody was investigated by fluorescence quenching of the antibodies by the hapten peptide. The results indicated that the antibodies bind the hapten peptide when the azobenzene moiety is in the trans form, but release the peptide in the cis form. The mechanism of photoreversible binding and release was studied using a pulsed laser light. Photoisomerization of the hapten peptide was found to occur inside the binding site, indicating that the latter is flexible enough to allow the trans–cis photoisomerization within a few ten picoseconds.