bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Absorptive effects and classical black hole scattering
Authors: Jones Callum R. T. , Ruf Michael S. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
We describe an approach to incorporating the physical effects of the absorption of energy by the event horizon of black holes in the scattering amplitudes based post-Minkowskian, point-particle effective description. Absorptive dynamics are incorporated in a model-independent way by coupling the usual point-particle description to an invisible sector of gapless internal degrees-of-freedom. The leading order dynamics of this sector are encoded in the low-energy expansion of a spectral density function obtained by matching an absorption cross section in the ultraviolet description. This information is then recycled using the scattering amplitudes based Kosower-Maybee-O’Connell in-in formalism to calculate the leading absorptive contribution to the impulse and change in rest mass of a Schwarzschild black hole scattering with a second compact body sourcing a massless scalar, electromagnetic or gravitational field. The results obtained are in complete agreement with previous worldline Schwinger-Keldysh calculations and provide an alternative on-shell scattering amplitudes approach to incorporating horizon absorption effects in the gravitational two-body problem.
Hyperbolic width functions and characterizations of bodies of constant width in the hyperbolic space
Authors: Böröczky Károly J. , Csépai András , Sagmeister Ádám 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWe discuss basic properties of several different width functions in the n-dimensional hyperbolic space such as continuity, and we also define a new hyperbolic width as the extension of Leichtweiss’ width function. Then we prove a characterization theorem of bodies of constant width regarding the aforementioned notions of hyperbolic width.
Variability in amount of weight-bearing while performing weight-bearing radiographs for assessing stability of ankle fractures
Authors: Zonneveld Inge , Hoogendoorn Jochem 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Weight-bearing (WB) radiographs are commonly used to judge stability of type B fibula fractures and guide the choice of treatment. Stable fractures can be treated conservatively, and unstable fractures surgically. The question is raised how much weight patients actually put on their broken ankle while making a WB radiograph. The current study will give insight in the actual amount of WB in WB radiographs.

Methods
In this retrospective cohort study, 57 patients with a type B fibula fracture with a medial clear space (MCS) < 6 mm on regular mortise (RM) view who underwent a WB radiograph were included.
We designed a ramp with a scale in the plateau where the radiographs were taken. Total body weight (TBW) and amount of WB on the fractured limb were measured.

Results
The mean WB on the fractured limb was 49 (13–110) kg and the mean TBW was 79 (45–128) kg, calculating a mean percentage of WB of 63. The mean MCS on the RM radiograph was 3.0 mm, compared to 2.9 mm on the WB radiograph. The mean superior clear space (SCS) was 3.2 mm on the RM view, compared to 3.2 mm on the WB radiograph as well. The average fibular dislocation was 1.5 mm on the RM radiograph, compared to 1.6 mm on the WB radiograph.

Conclusion
There is a big variability in the amount of weight-bearing on the ankle when a WB radiograph is made. This is important to keep in mind when assessing the radiographs and deciding on the treatment course.
Effect of annealing treatment and infill percentage on 3D-printed PEEK samples by Fused Filament Fabrication
Authors: Lannunziata Erika , Colucci Giovanna , Minetola Paolo , Giubilini Alberto 
Published: March 2024

AbstractA strategy that is gaining momentum in several industrial sectors is metal replacement, which aims to find suitable alternatives for replacing metal components with lighter ones. One possible solution is represented by high-performance polymers (HPP), which are a family of materials with improved thermo-mechanical and functional properties, compared to commodity plastics. Additive manufacturing (AM) is revolutionizing the industrial world due to its high design freedom, dimensional accuracy, and shortened total production time. Thus, combining the use of HPP with AM technologies could lead to innovative results, which could offer new metal replacement solutions through redesign and new material properties. However, HPPs have some manufacturing limitations, for example, they require high processing temperatures, and some of them are subject to significant warping and deformation phenomena. This aspect is particularly significant for semi-crystalline polymers, as in the case of poly(ether-ether-ketone) (PEEK), which is affected by thermal gradients during 3D printing. In this research, an investigation was carried out on the Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) of different 3D printed PEEK samples, evaluating the effect on final properties not only of various infill percentages (30%, 50%, 70%, and 100%) but also of two different heating treatments. In this regard, a traditional annealing in oven, post 3D printing, was compared to a direct annealing approach, performed during FFF. The mechanical performance of the samples was characterized through tensile and compression tests along with the thermal properties and the thermal stability. In addition, for all different cases, energy consumption was measured, to provide an indication of the sustainability of the presented approaches. The findings suggest that the direct annealing solution holds promise and merits further investigation to bridge knowledge gaps in this domain. This research contributed to advance the understanding of PEEK 3D printing by FFF and played a vital role in the practical implementation of metal replacement as a sustainable strategy across various industrial applications.
Two-Year Preclinical Evaluation of Long-Term Absorbable Poly-4-hydroxybutyrate Scaffold for Surgical Correction of Pelvic Organ Prolapse
Authors: Guler Zeliha , Kaestner Lisa Ann , Vodegel Eva , Ras Lamees , Jeffrey Stephen , Roovers Jan Paul 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Introduction and hypothesis
Fully absorbable implants may be an alternative to permanent meshes in the correction pf pelvic organ prolapse (POP) as they may reduce adverse events by promoting tissue regeneration and collagen metabolism. This study was aimed at evaluating the long-term host and biomechanical response to a fully absorbable poly-4-hydroxybutyrate (P4HB) scaffold in comparison with polypropylene (PP) mesh.

Methods
Poly-4-hydroxybutyrate scaffold (n = 16) and PP mesh (n = 16) were surgically implanted in the posterior vaginal wall of parous female Dohne Merino sheep. Vaginal explants were evaluated in terms of gross necropsy, host response (immune response, collagen deposition, tissue regeneration), biomechanics, and degradation of P4HB at 12 and 24 months post-implantation.

Results
Gross necropsy revealed no infection or fluid collection using P4HB or PP. At 12 months, exposures were observed with both P4HB (3 out of 8) and PP (4 out of 8), whereas at 24 months, exposures were observed only with PP (4 out of 8). The tensile stiffness of the P4HB explants was maintained over time despite complete absorption of P4HB. The collagen amount of the vaginal tissue after P4HB implantation increased over time and was significantly higher than PP at 24 months. P4HB scaffolds exhibited significantly lower myofibroblast differentiation than PP meshes at 24 months.

Conclusions
The P4HB scaffold allowed for gradual load transfer to the vaginal wall and resulted in mechanically self-sufficient tissue. P4HB scaffold had a more favorable host response than PP mesh, with higher collagen content, lower myofibroblastic differentiation, and no exposures at 24 months. P4HB scaffolds have potential as an alternative to permanent implants in treating POP.
Acremonium sp. diglycosidase-aid chemical diversification: valorization of industry by-products
Authors: Baglioni Micaela , Fries Alexander , Müller Jan-Mathis , Omarini Alejandra , Müller Michael , Breccia Javier D. , Mazzaferro Laura S. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The fungal diglycosidase α-rhamnosyl-β-glucosidase I (αRβG I) from Acremonium sp. DSM 24697 catalyzes the glycosylation of various OH-acceptors using the citrus flavanone hesperidin. We successfully applied a one-pot biocatalysis process to synthesize 4-methylumbellipheryl rutinoside (4-MUR) and glyceryl rutinoside using a citrus peel residue as sugar donor. This residue, which contained 3.5 % [w/w] hesperidin, is the remaining of citrus processing after producing orange juice, essential oil, and peel-juice. The low-cost compound glycerol was utilized in the synthesis of glyceryl rutinoside. We implemented a simple method for the obtention of glyceryl rutinoside with 99 % yield, and its purification involving activated charcoal, which also facilitated the recovery of the by-product hesperetin through liquid-liquid extraction. This process presents a promising alternative for biorefinery operations, highlighting the valuable role of αRβG I in valorizing glycerol and agricultural by-products.

Keypoints
• αRβG I catalyzed the synthesis of rutinosides using a suspension of OPW as sugar donor.
• The glycosylation of aliphatic polyalcohols by the αRβG I resulted in products bearing a single rutinose moiety.
• αRβG I catalyzed the synthesis of glyceryl rutinoside with high glycosylation/hydrolysis selectivity (99 % yield).

Graphical Abstract
Assessing immunogenicity of CRISPR-NCas9 engineered strain against porcine epidemic diarrhea virus
Authors: Li Fengsai , Zhao Haiyuan , Sui Ling , Yin Fangjie , Liu Xinzi , Guo Guihai , Li Jiaxuan , Jiang Yanping , Cui Wen , Shan Zhifu , Zhou Han , Wang Li , Qiao Xinyuan , Tang Lijie , Wang Xiaona , Li Yijing 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) caused by porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), is an acute and highly infectious disease, resulting in substantial economic losses in the pig industry. Given that PEDV primarily infects the mucosal surfaces of the intestinal tract, it is crucial to improve the mucosal immunity to prevent viral invasion. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) oral vaccines offer unique advantages and potential applications in combatting mucosal infectious diseases, making them an ideal approach for controlling PED outbreaks. However, traditional LAB oral vaccines use plasmids for exogenous protein expression and antibiotic genes as selection markers. Antibiotic genes can be diffused through transposition, transfer, or homologous recombination, resulting in the generation of drug-resistant strains. To overcome these issues, genome-editing technology has been developed to achieve gene expression in LAB genomes. In this study, we used the CRISPR-NCas9 system to integrate the PEDV S1 gene into the genome of alanine racemase-deficient Lactobacillus paracasei △Alr HLJ-27 (L. paracasei △Alr HLJ-27) at the thymidylate synthase (thyA) site, generating a strain, S1/△Alr HLJ-27. We conducted immunization assays in mice and piglets to evaluate the level of immune response and evaluated its protective effect against PEDV through challenge tests in piglets. Oral administration of the strain S1/△Alr HLJ-27 in mice and piglets elicited mucosal, humoral, and cellular immune responses. The strain also exhibited a certain level of resistance against PEDV infection in piglets. These results demonstrate the potential of S1/△Alr HLJ-27 as an oral vaccine candidate for PEDV control.

Key points
• A strain S1/△Alr HLJ-27 was constructed as the candidate for an oral vaccine.
• Immunogenicity response and challenge test was carried out to analyze the ability of the strain.
• The strain S1/△Alr HLJ-27 could provide protection for piglets to a certain extent.
X-ray structure and characterization of a probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus Probio-M9 L-rhamnose isomerase
Authors: Yoshida Hiromi , Yamamoto Naho , Kurahara Lin Hai , Izumori Ken , Yoshihara Akihide 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
A recombinant L-rhamnose isomerase (L-RhI) from probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus Probio-M9 (L. rhamnosus Probio-M9) was expressed. L. rhamnosus Probio-M9 was isolated from human colostrum and identified as a probiotic lactic acid bacterium, which can grow using L-rhamnose. L-RhI is one of the enzymes involved in L-rhamnose metabolism and catalyzes the reversible isomerization between L-rhamnose and L-rhamnulose. Some L-RhIs were reported to catalyze isomerization not only between L-rhamnose and L-rhamnulose but also between D-allulose and D-allose, which are known as rare sugars. Those L-RhIs are attractive enzymes for rare sugar production and have the potential to be further improved by enzyme engineering; however, the known crystal structures of L-RhIs recognizing rare sugars are limited. In addition, the optimum pH levels of most reported L-RhIs are basic rather than neutral, and such a basic condition causes non-enzymatic aldose-ketose isomerization, resulting in unexpected by-products. Herein, we report the crystal structures of L. rhamnosus Probio-M9 L-RhI (LrL-RhI) in complexes with L-rhamnose, D-allulose, and D-allose, which show enzyme activity toward L-rhamnose, D-allulose, and D-allose in acidic conditions, though the activity toward D-allose was low. In the complex with L-rhamnose, L-rhamnopyranose was found in the catalytic site, showing favorable recognition for catalysis. In the complex with D-allulose, D-allulofuranose and ring-opened D-allulose were observed in the catalytic site. However, bound D-allose in the pyranose form was found in the catalytic site of the complex with D-allose, which was unfavorable for recognition, like an inhibition mode. The structure of the complex may explain the low activity toward D-allose.

Key points
• Crystal structures of LrL-RhI in complexes with substrates were determined.
• LrL-RhI exhibits enzyme activity toward L-rhamnose, D-allulose, and D-allose.
• The LrL-RhI is active in acidic conditions.
A phase 2 study of AZD4635 in combination with durvalumab or oleclumab in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer
Authors: Falchook Gerald S. , Reeves James , Gandhi Sunil , Spigel David R. , Arrowsmith Edward , George Daniel J. , Karlix Janet , Pouliot Gayle , Hattersley Maureen M. , Gangl Eric T. , James Gareth D. , Thompson Jeff , Russell Deanna L. , Patel Bhavickumar , Kumar Rakesh , Lim Emerson 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
Inhibition of the adenosine 2A receptor (A2AR) diminishes the immunosuppressive effects of adenosine and may complement immune-targeting drugs. This phase 2 study evaluated the A2AR antagonist AZD4635 in combination with durvalumab or oleclumab in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer.

Methods
Patients with histologically/cytologically confirmed disease progressing within 6 months on ≥ 2 therapy lines were randomly assigned to either Module 1 (AZD4635 + durvalumab) or Module 2 (AZD4635 + oleclumab). Primary endpoints were objective response rate per RECIST v1.1 and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) response rate. Secondary endpoints included radiological progression-free survival (rPFS), overall survival, safety, and pharmacokinetics.

Results
Fifty-nine patients were treated (Module 1, n = 29; Module 2, n = 30). Median number of prior therapies was 4. One confirmed complete response by RECIST (Module 1) and 2 confirmed PSA responses (1 per module) were observed. The most frequent adverse events (AEs) possibly related to AZD4635 were nausea (37.9%), fatigue (20.7%), and decreased appetite (17.2%) in Module 1; nausea (50%), fatigue (30%), and vomiting (23.3%) in Module 2. No dose-limiting toxicities or treatment-related serious AEs were observed. In Module 1, AZD4635 geometric mean trough concentration was 124.9 ng/mL (geometric CV% 69.84; n = 22); exposures were similar in Module 2. In Modules 1 and 2, median (95% CI) rPFS was 2.3 (1.6 –3.8) and 1.5 (1.3– 4.0) months, respectively. Median PFS was 1.7 versus 2.3 months for patients with high versus low blood-based adenosine signature.

Conclusion
In this heavily pretreated population, AZD4635 with durvalumab or oleclumab demonstrated minimal antitumor activity with a manageable safety profile. Clinical Trial.gov identifier: NCT04089553.
Meeting the global protein supply requirements of a growing and ageing population
Authors: Smith Kieran , Watson Anthony W , Lonnie Marta , Peeters Wouter M , Oonincx Dennis , Tsoutsoura Niki , Simon-Miquel Genis , Szepe Kamil , Cochetel Noriane , Pearson Alice G , Witard Oliver C , Salter Andrew M , Bennett Malcom , Corfe Bernard M. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractHuman dietary patterns are a major cause of environmental transformation, with agriculture occupying ~ 50% of global land space, while food production itself is responsible for ~ 30% of all greenhouse gas emissions and 70% of freshwater use. Furthermore, the global population is also growing, such that by 2050, it is estimated to exceed ~ 9 billion. While most of this expansion in population is expected to occur in developing countries, in high-income countries there are also predicted changes in demographics, with major increases in the number of older people. There is a growing consensus that older people have a greater requirement for protein. With a larger and older population, global needs for protein are set to increase. This paper summarises the conclusions from a Rank Prize funded colloquium evaluating novel strategies to meet this increasing global protein need.
High survivorship rate and good clinical outcomes after high tibial osteotomy in patients with radiological advanced medial knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review
Authors: Dal Fabbro Giacomo , Grassi Alberto , Agostinone Piero , Lucidi Gian Andrea , Fajury Raschid , Ravindra Abhijit , Zaffagnini Stefano 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Introduction
The role of valgus producing high tibial osteotomy (HTO) for the treatment of advanced knee osteoarthritis (OA) is still controversial. The aim of the current systematic review was to assess survivorship and patient-reported outcomes (PROMs) of high tibial osteotomy in patients with radiological advanced medial knee OA.

Methods
A systematic search of PubMed, Cochrane and EMBASE database was performed in July 2023 in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied to identify studies investigating the survivorship rate and PROMs of valgus-producing high tibial osteotomy in patients with advanced knee OA at x-ray assessment in the medial compartment at minimum-two-years follow up. Advanced radiological OA was defined as Kellgren Lawrence (K-L) ≥ 3 or Ahlbäch ≥ 2. Survivorship was defined as percentage of patients free of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) at follow-up. Clinical interpretation of provided PROMs were performed according to minimal clinically important difference (MCID) and patient acceptable symptom state (PASS) target values reported in literature. Survivorship data and PROMs scores were extracted, and studies were stratified based on selected study features. The quality of included studies was assessed with modified Coleman score.

Results
A total of 18 studies, totalling 1296 knees with a mean age between 46.9 and 67 years old, were included. Average survivorship was of 74.6% (range 60 − 98.1%) at 10-years follow up. The subjective scoring systems showed good results according to MCID and PASS, and postoperative improvements were partially maintained until final follow-up.

Conclusion
HTO is worth considering as treatment choice even in patients affected by radiological advanced medial knee osteoarthritis. Long term survivorship and good patient reported clinical outcomes could be expected in this population.

Level of evidence
IV; systematic review of level III-IV studies.
Comment on the paper “A couple stress of peristaltic motion of Sutterby micropolar nanofluid inside a symmetric channel with a strong magnetic field and Hall currents effect, Nabil T. M. El-Dabe, Galal M. Moatimid, Mona A. A. Mohamed, Yasmeen M. Mohamed, Archive of Applied Mechanics (2021) 91:3987–4010”
Authors: Pantokratoras Asterios 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSome errors exist in the above paper.
Advancing mental imagery research from an interdisciplinary sport science perspective: a commentary on Frank et al. (2023)
Authors: Carson Howie J. , Bobrownicki Ray 
Published: March 2024

AbstractFrank et al.’s (2023) perceptual–cognitive scaffold meaningfully extends the cognitive action architecture approach and we support this interdisciplinary advancement. However, there are theoretical and applied aspects that could be further developed within this research to maximise practical impact across domains such as sport. In particular, there is a need to consider how these mechanisms (1) might critically inform or relate to other prominent theories within sport (e.g., constrained action hypothesis and ecological approaches) and, (2) reflect the real-world challenges experienced by athletes. With these ideas in mind, this commentary aims to stimulate discussion and enhance the translational application of Frank et al.’s research.
Inflammation, the kynurenines, and mucosal injury during human experimental enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli infection
Authors: Rim Sehee , Vedøy Oda Barth , Brønstad Ingeborg , McCann Adrian , Meyer Klaus , Steinsland Hans , Hanevik Kurt 
Published: March 2024

AbstractEnterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is an important cause of diarrhea in children and travelers, especially in low- and middle-income countries. ETEC is a non-invasive gut pathogen colonizing the small intestinal wall before secreting diarrhea-inducing enterotoxins. We sought to investigate the impact of ETEC infection on local and systemic host defenses by examining plasma markers of inflammation and mucosal injury as well as kynurenine pathway metabolites. Plasma samples from 21 volunteers experimentally infected with ETEC were collected before and 1, 2, 3, and 7 days after ingesting the ETEC dose, and grouped based on the level of intestinal ETEC proliferation: 14 volunteers experienced substantial proliferation (SP) and 7 had low proliferation (LP). Plasma markers of inflammation, kynurenine pathway metabolites, and related cofactors (vitamins B2 and B6) were quantified using targeted mass spectrometry, whereas ELISA was used to quantify the mucosal injury markers, regenerating islet-derived protein 3A (Reg3a), and intestinal fatty acid-binding protein 2 (iFABP). We observed increased concentrations of plasma C-reactive protein (CRP), serum amyloid A (SAA), neopterin, kynurenine/tryptophan ratio (KTR), and Reg3a in the SP group following dose ingestion. Vitamin B6 forms, pyridoxal 5'-phosphate and pyridoxal, decreased over time in the SP group. CRP, SAA, and pyridoxic acid ratio correlated with ETEC proliferation levels. The changes following experimental ETEC infection indicate that ETEC, despite causing a non-invasive infection, induces systemic inflammation and mucosal injury when proliferating substantially, even in cases without diarrhea. It is conceivable that ETEC infections, especially when repeated, contribute to negative health impacts on children in ETEC endemic areas.