bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The present & future of lensed supernovae: from ZTF to LSST
Authors: Arendse Nikki 
Published: March 2024

AbstractGravitationally lensed supernovae (SNe) are rare and valuable probes of astrophysics and cosmology. While only seven lensed SNe have currently been discovered, these numbers are predicted to increase by orders of magnitudes with future transient surveys such as the Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST). These proceedings describe the ongoing live search with the Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF), including the discovery of SN ‘Zwicky’: a lensed SN found in a remarkably low-mass lens galaxy. Finally, we look ahead at predictions for detecting lensed SNe with LSST.
Combined strong and weak gravitational lensing mass measurements in clusters of galaxies
Authors: Abriola Davide 
Published: March 2024

AbstractGravitational lensing in clusters of galaxies is one of the most powerful methods to probe the dark matter mass distribution inside such systems, after mapping the baryonic component, and test the currently accepted ɅCDM cosmological paradigm. With the advent of new high-resolution facilities such as the JWST, strong lensing (SL) is capable of providing extremely accurate mass measurements in the densest regions of such structures. Weak lensing (WL) provides complementary information by measuring the total mass distribution in the outskirts of galaxy clusters, where no multiple images of background sources are produced.In my talk, I will present updates on the WL mass reconstruction of the Frontier Fields galaxy cluster Abell 2744 (z = 0.308) based on Subaru, Magellan, and JWST data, and I will show how the results obtained, combined with accurate SL modeling of this lens, provide a consistent picture of the cluster total mass distribution. I will discuss the pipeline used for this work, the extensive checks performed on the different datasets and the scientific results obtained. Being composed of several substructures undergoing a merging process, the complex geometry of this cluster makes it an ideal laboratory to verify the consistency and reliability of the results obtained with the two methods. I will compare the predictions of the SL models extrapolated in the outer regions of the cluster with the non-parametric WL mass reconstruction to look for potential systematic effects affecting the SL analysis.
Joint lensing–dynamics constraint on the elliptical galaxy mass profile from the largest galaxy–galaxy lens sample
Authors: Tan Chin Yi , Shajib Anowar 
Published: March 2024

AbstractFrom various lensing and non-lensing observations, the total density profile in elliptical galaxies is well approximated by a power law mass distribution. However, as neither the dark matter nor the baryons individually follow the power law, this observational result has been referred to as the “bulge–halo conspiracy”. We investigate the consistency of this conspiracy with higher precision than previous studies with the largest ever sample of galaxy–galaxy lenses assembled from archival Hubble Space Telescope (HST) data. By performing lens modelling with power law profiles and combining them with stellar dynamics using the mass-sheet transformation, we can constrain the profile’s deviation from the power law model over a redshift range of 0.1 to 0.8. To uniformly model such a large sample of lens models, we use the automated modelling pipeline dolphin. We also investigate the evolutionary trend of the total mass density slope of the lensing galaxies.
A Case Study on the Rainstorm‐Producing Mesoscale Vortices in Central‐Eastern China
Authors: Huang Ting‐Ting , Fu Shen‐Ming , Wang Zhen‐Guo , Zhao Shen , Sun Jian‐Hua , Zhang Yong , Wang Shao‐Hua 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDuring 26–27 June 2022, mainly influenced by three mesoscale vortices, central‐eastern China (particularly for Henan and Shandong) experiences the first widespread torrential rainfall event of the 2022 flood season (maximum 24‐hr accumulated precipitation is ∼380.9 mm), resulting in severe social impacts. The three mesoscale vortices form and sustain under favorable background conditions, mainly including a strong upper‐level divergence, an intense middle‐level warm advection, and a powerful lower‐level convergence associated with a low‐level jet. Among the vortices, the vortex which forms over Shandong, lasts for ∼9 hr, and makes a much larger contribution than the other vortices to the accumulated precipitation, is defined as the primary vortex. More than a half of the hourly precipitation peaks in this event appear in the life span of the primary vortex, which is closely related to the variations of the vortex in its cyclonic‐vorticity and vertical extent. Backward trajectory analysis indicates that air particles originating from the lower troposphere southwest of the primary vortex contribute the most to its formation (∼82.7%). These air particles mainly experience a notable increase in their cyclonic‐vorticity due to convergence‐related vertical stretching, which directly renders the formation of primary vortex. During the whole life span of the primary vortex, convergence‐related vertical stretching is the most favorable factor for its development/sustainment, and the convection‐related vertical transport of cyclonic vorticity ranks second; whereas, the horizontal transport is the most detrimental factor. Moisture budget shows that Southeast China is the most important moisture source for this event (accounting for ∼48.9%).
Emergent Constraint on Projection of the North Pacific Monsoon Trough and Its Implications for Typhoon Activity Using CMIP6 Models
Authors: Gou Yan , Wang Chao , Wu Yuqin , Wu Liguang 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe North Pacific monsoon trough (NPMT) is an imperative large‐scale circulation pattern influencing tropical cyclone (TC) activity in the western North Pacific (WNP), thus its future change has great implications for the WNP TC activity. Here future change in the NPMT and its uncertainty are examined by using 35 climate models from Phase six of Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6). Due to the El Niño‐like sea surface temperature (SST) pattern, the multi‐model ensemble (MME) mean projects an eastward extension of the NPMT in the latter half of the 21st century. However, considerable inter‐model uncertainty exists in the projection, which is associated with the diversity in the zonal SST gradient across the tropical Pacific. This diversity in the projected SST is largely rooted in the simulated precipitation biases in the tropical Pacific in the historical experiments of CMIP6 models, which can modulate future Pacific SST distribution through the shortwave‐SST feedback. This linkage between biases in historical climate and future climate allows us to constrain the projection by using observational data sets. Emergent constraint using observational precipitation data set reduces the projection uncertainty by 48% and projects an eastward extension of the north Pacific NPMT by 6.2°. This eastward extension of the NPMT indicates an eastward migration of TC genesis location, and elongated TC track and thus strengthened TC intensity, suggesting an increased TC‐related disaster for residents near the WNP.
Allopurinol and blood pressure variability following ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack: a secondary analysis of XILO-FIST
Authors: MACDONALD Alexander S. , MCCONNACHIE Alex , DICKIE David Alexander , BATH Philip M. , FORBES Kirsten , QUINN Terence , BROOMFIELD Niall M. , DANI Krishna , DONEY Alex , MUIR Keith W. , STRUTHERS Allan , WALTERS Matthew , BARBER Mark , BHALLA Ajay , CAMERON Alan , GUYLER Paul , HASSAN Ahamad , KEARNEY Mark , KEEGAN Breffni , LAKSHMANAN Sekaran , MACLEOD Mary Joan , RANDALL Marc , SHAW Louise , SUBRAMANIAN Ganesh , WERRING David , DAWSON Jesse 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBlood Pressure Variability (BPV) is associated with cardiovascular risk and serum uric acid level. We investigated whether BPV was lowered by allopurinol and whether it was related to neuroimaging markers of cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) and cognition. We used data from a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of two years allopurinol treatment after recent ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack. Visit-to-visit BPV was assessed using brachial blood pressure (BP) recordings. Short-term BPV was assessed using ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM) performed at 4 weeks and 2 years. Brain MRI was performed at baseline and 2 years. BPV measures were compared between the allopurinol and placebo groups, and with CSVD and cognition. 409 participants (205 allopurinol; 204 placebo) were included in the visit-to-visit BPV analyses. There were no significant differences found between placebo and allopurinol groups for any measure of visit-to-visit BPV. 196 participants were included in analyses of short-term BPV at week 4. Two measures were reduced by allopurinol: the standard deviation (SD) of systolic BP (by 1.30 mmHg (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.18–2.42, p = 0.023)); and the average real variability (ARV) of systolic BP (by 1.31 mmHg (95% CI 0.31–2.32, p = 0.011)). There were no differences in other measures at week 4 or in any measure at 2 years, and BPV was not associated with CSVD or cognition. Allopurinol treatment did not affect visit-to-visit BPV in people with recent ischemic stroke or TIA. Two BPV measures were reduced at week 4 by allopurinol but not at 2 years.
Gender and geographic diversity of global oral health organisations
Authors: Lalloo Ratilal 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIntroduction Diversity of leadership of global oral health organisations is critical to ensure a global agenda.Aim To analyse the gender and geographic diversity of global oral health organisations.Methods Publicly available data on the gender of their staff and leadership, and congress locations, were analysed. Gender was allocated from photographs if available, and using Genderize, an online allocation platform. Location of leaders and global congresses were analysed by country, region and World Bank income category. The organisations analysed were the International Association of Dental Research (IADR), FDI World Dental Federation, International Federation of Dental Hygienists (IFDH) and 15 dental specialist global associations.Results The majority of headquarter staff in the IADR (76%) and FDI (84%) are female. Gender diversity in the leadership differs across the various organisations, with recent progress towards gender parity. The IFDH was and is exclusively female-led. The majority of leaders are from high-income countries in Europe and North America. Of the 370 congress locations, 90% were held in high-income countries.Conclusion There is recent progress towards gender diversity in the leadership; however, this leadership is essentially from high-income countries. There is an urgent need to publicly commit to diversity goals and implement strategies to reflect the oral health workforce and be truly diverse and global.
CAR T therapies in multiple myeloma: unleashing the future
Authors: Sheykhhasan Mohsen , Ahmadieh-Yazdi Amirhossein , Vicidomini Rosario , Poondla Naresh , Tanzadehpanah Hamid , Dirbaziyan Ashkan , Mahaki Hanie , Manoochehri Hamed , Kalhor Naser , Dama Paola 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn recent years, the field of cancer treatment has witnessed remarkable breakthroughs that have revolutionized the landscape of care for cancer patients. While traditional pillars such as surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy have long been available, a cutting-edge therapeutic approach called CAR T-cell therapy has emerged as a game-changer in treating multiple myeloma (MM). This novel treatment method complements options like autologous stem cell transplants and immunomodulatory medications, such as proteasome inhibitors, by utilizing protein complexes or anti-CD38 antibodies with potent complement-dependent cytotoxic effects. Despite the challenges and obstacles associated with these treatments, the recent approval of the second FDA multiple myeloma CAR T-cell therapy has sparked immense promise in the field. Thus far, the results indicate its potential as a highly effective therapeutic solution. Moreover, ongoing preclinical and clinical trials are exploring the capabilities of CAR T-cells in targeting specific antigens on myeloma cells, offering hope for patients with relapsed/refractory MM (RRMM). These advancements have shown the potential for CAR T cell-based medicines or combination therapies to elicit greater treatment responses and minimize side effects. In this context, it is crucial to delve into the history and functions of CAR T-cells while acknowledging their limitations. We can strategize and develop innovative approaches to overcome these barriers by understanding their challenges. This article aims to provide insights into the application of CAR T-cells in treating MM, shedding light on their potential, limitations, and strategies employed to enhance their efficacy.
Effect of bias potential and dimension on electrochemical migration of capacitors for implantable devices
Authors: Du Shiyao , Li Feng , Grumsen Flemming Bjerg , Ambat Rajan , Tang Ao , Li Ying 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDendrite formation induced by electrochemical migration (ECM) is a common reliability problem occurring on printed circuit boards (PCBs), which significantly threatens the long-term safe operations of current implantable electronic devices (IEDs). Although several factors (i.e., contaminations, humidity, temperature) are proved to be the parameters closely related to ECM susceptibility of capacitors on a PCB under climate environments, further targeted research under other environments still needs to be conducted as ECM is highly environmental-dependent. Herein, the effects of bias potential and pitch dimension on ECM sensitivity are systematically studied using various sizes of capacitors on a test PCB under a human implantation environment. The finite element method first proves that a DC voltage pattern could be regarded as an accelerated test compared to other waveforms. Subsequent chronoamperometry tests using the DC potential further indicate that dendrite formation is closely related to pitch dimension under low bias potential, while under high bias potential electric field is also the dominating factor of dendrite formation for capacitors on a PCB. Benefiting from the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) technique, the capacitor reliability under different corrosion states is also evaluated in a detailed manner. This work offers great value both in electronic corrosion mechanisms and future rational design for reliable IEDs.
Commonality and variation in mental representations of music revealed by a cross-cultural comparison of rhythm priors in 15 countries
Authors: Jacoby Nori , Polak Rainer , Grahn Jessica A. , Cameron Daniel J. , Lee Kyung Myun , Godoy Ricardo , Undurraga Eduardo A. , Huanca Tomás , Thalwitzer Timon , Doumbia Noumouké , Goldberg Daniel , Margulis Elizabeth H. , Wong Patrick C. M. , Jure Luis , Rocamora Martín , Fujii Shinya , Savage Patrick E. , Ajimi Jun , Konno Rei , Oishi Sho , Jakubowski Kelly , Holzapfel Andre , Mungan Esra , Kaya Ece , Rao Preeti , Rohit Mattur A. , Alladi Suvarna , Tarr Bronwyn , Anglada-Tort Manuel , Harrison Peter M. C. , McPherson Malinda J. , Dolan Sophie , Durango Alex , McDermott Josh H. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMusic is present in every known society but varies from place to place. What, if anything, is universal to music cognition? We measured a signature of mental representations of rhythm in 39 participant groups in 15 countries, spanning urban societies and Indigenous populations. Listeners reproduced random ‘seed’ rhythms; their reproductions were fed back as the stimulus (as in the game of ‘telephone’), such that their biases (the prior) could be estimated from the distribution of reproductions. Every tested group showed a sparse prior with peaks at integer-ratio rhythms. However, the importance of different integer ratios varied across groups, often reflecting local musical practices. Our results suggest a common feature of music cognition: discrete rhythm ‘categories’ at small-integer ratios. These discrete representations plausibly stabilize musical systems in the face of cultural transmission but interact with culture-specific traditions to yield the diversity that is evident when mental representations are probed across many cultures.
Diverse plasmid systems and their ecology across human gut metagenomes revealed by PlasX and MobMess
Authors: Yu Michael K. , Fogarty Emily C. , Eren A. Murat 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPlasmids alter microbial evolution and lifestyles by mobilizing genes that often confer fitness in changing environments across clades. Yet our ecological and evolutionary understanding of naturally occurring plasmids is far from complete. Here we developed a machine-learning model, PlasX, which identified 68,350 non-redundant plasmids across human gut metagenomes and organized them into 1,169 evolutionarily cohesive ‘plasmid systems’ using our sequence containment-aware network-partitioning algorithm, MobMess. Individual plasmids were often country specific, yet most plasmid systems spanned across geographically distinct human populations. Cargo genes in plasmid systems included well-known determinants of fitness, such as antibiotic resistance, but also many others including enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of essential nutrients and modification of transfer RNAs, revealing a wide repertoire of likely fitness determinants in complex environments. Our study introduces computational tools to recognize and organize plasmids, and uncovers the ecological and evolutionary patterns of diverse plasmids in naturally occurring habitats through plasmid systems.
The interplay of semantic and syntactic processing across hemispheres
Authors: Kim Sangyub , Nam Kichun , Lee Eun-Ha 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe current study investigated the hemispheric dynamics underlying semantic and syntactic priming in lexical decision tasks. Utilizing primed-lateralized paradigms, we observed a distinct pattern of semantic priming contingent on the priming hemisphere. The right hemisphere (RH) exhibited robust semantic priming irrespective of syntactic congruency between prime and target, underscoring its proclivity for semantic processing. Conversely, the left hemisphere (LH) demonstrated slower response times for semantically congruent yet syntactically incongruent word pairs, highlighting its syntactic processing specialization. Additionally, nonword data revealed a hemispheric divergence in syntactic processing, with the LH showing significant intrahemispheric syntactic priming. These findings illuminate the intrinsic hemispheric specializations for semantic and syntactic processing, offering empirical support for serial processing models. The study advances our understanding of the complex interplay between semantic and syntactic factors in hemispheric interactions.
Structural variants in the Epb41l4a locus: TAD disruption and Nrep gene misregulation as hypothetical drivers of neurodevelopmental outcomes
Authors: Salnikov Paul , Korablev Alexey , Serova Irina , Belokopytova Polina , Yan Aleksandra , Stepanchuk Yana , Tikhomirov Savelii , Fishman Veniamin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractStructural variations are a pervasive feature of human genomes, and there is growing recognition of their role in disease development through their impact on spatial chromatin architecture. This understanding has led us to investigate the clinical significance of CNVs in noncoding regions that influence TAD structures. In this study, we focused on the Epb41l4a locus, which contains a highly conserved TAD boundary present in both human chromosome 5 and mouse chromosome 18, and its association with neurodevelopmental phenotypes. Analysis of human data from the DECIPHER database indicates that CNVs within this locus, including both deletions and duplications, are often observed alongside neurological abnormalities, such as dyslexia and intellectual disability, although there is not enough evidence of a direct correlation or causative relationship. To investigate these possible associations, we generated mouse models with deletion and inversion mutations at this locus and carried out RNA-seq analysis to elucidate gene expression changes. We found that modifications in the Epb41l4a TAD boundary led to dysregulation of the Nrep gene, which plays a crucial role in nervous system development. These findings underscore the potential pathogenicity of these CNVs and highlight the crucial role of spatial genome architecture in gene expression regulation.
Studying the impact of marital status on diagnosis and survival prediction in pancreatic ductal carcinoma using machine learning methods
Authors: Chen Qingquan , Hu Yiming , Lin Wen , Huang Zhimin , Li Jiaxin , Lu Haibin , Dai Rongrong , You Liuxia 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPancreatic cancer is a commonly occurring malignant tumor, with pancreatic ductal carcinoma (PDAC) accounting for approximately 95% of cases. According of its poor prognosis, identifying prognostic factors of pancreatic ductal carcinoma can provide physicians with a reliable theoretical foundation when predicting patient survival. This study aimed to analyze the impact of marital status on survival outcomes of PDAC patients using propensity score matching and machine learning. The goal was to develop a prognosis prediction model specific to married patients with PDAC. We extracted a total of 206,968 patient records of pancreatic cancer from the SEER database. To ensure the baseline characteristics of married and unmarried individuals were balanced, we used a 1:1 propensity matching score. We then conducted Kaplan–Meier analysis and Cox proportional-hazards regression to examine the impact of marital status on PDAC survival before and after matching. Additionally, we developed machine learning models to predict 5-year CSS and OS for married patients with PDAC specifically. In total, 24,044 PDAC patients were included in this study. After 1:1 propensity matching, 8043 married patients and 8,043 unmarried patients were successfully enrolled. Multivariate analysis and the Kaplan–Meier curves demonstrated that unmarried individuals had a poorer survival rate than their married counterparts. Among the algorithms tested, the random forest performed the best, with 0.734 5-year CSS and 0.795 5-year OS AUC. This study found a significant association between marital status and survival in PDAC patients. Married patients had the best prognosis, while widowed patients had the worst. The random forest is a reliable model for predicting survival in married patients with PDAC.