bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Cardiac Conducting System of the Fowl*
Authors: Kim Yon , Yasuda Mikio 
Published: June 2007

AbstractTwenty‐four hearts of Brown Leghorn ranging in age from newly hatched to adult were investigated histologically to elucidate the topographical disposition of the entire cardiac conducting system. Through this study, the bird's heart was found to have the same specialized conducting system as that of mammals. Moreover, in addition to this system, the nodus truncobulbaris and the fasciculus truncobulbaris were reported in detail, and the anulus atrio‐ventricularis dexter was confirmed. These peculiar nodes and bundles of the bird's heart are discussed in comparison with the mammalian cardiac conducting system.
Mouse Ultimobranchial Body not Mixed with the Thyroid: Four Cases1
Authors: Wechbanjong Nualnoi , McMillan Paul J. , Dalgleish Arthur E. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryFour cases in which the ultimobranchial body (UB) failed to fuse with the median thyroid primordium were observed. In these cases calcitonin‐containing cells were only found in the discrete UB which was found at the dorso‐lateral edge of the cricoid cartilage and in two cases had a diverticulum directed toward the cricothyroid ligament.
Musculoskeletal Growth Gradients: A Contribution to Quadrupedal Mechanics
Authors: Davies A. S. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryPostnatally, the axial skeleton of the pig shows peaks of high relative growth at the sites of attachment of the fore and hindlimbs, corresponding to the regions of highest relative growth in the limbs. This supports the concept that musculoskeletal growth gradients are a propulsive adaptation.
Neuron Number in the Intestinal Myenteric Plexus of the Domestic Fowl (Gallus gallus)
Authors: Ali H. A. , McLelland J. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThe number of neurons in the myenteric plexus of the duodenum, jejunum, ileum, rectum and cecum of chick and adult domestic fowl (Gallus gallus) was counted. Gradients of neuron density were observed in the small and large intestines, the difference between the neuron densities in adjacent regions generally being significant. The mean neuron density in each region in the chick was two to three times higher than in the adult. The concentration of neurons was significantly greater in the mesenteric zone of the plexus than in the antimesenteric zone. The total number of neurons in the adult was significantly higher than in the chick. The differences between the neuron counts in the chicks and adults are discussed.
Feinstruktur des Bulbus olf actorius des Haushuhnes
Authors: Hummel Gerhard 
Published: June 2007

AbstractIn order to investigate the fine structure of the chicken's Bulbus olfactorius and to determine differences between birds and mammals, tissue specimen were taken from 26 animals. The following techniques were used: Luxol‐Fast‐Blue‐ and Nisslstaining, Bodian impregnation. Marked differences between the Bulbus of chicken and mammals were found lightmicroscopically in the number of the cell layers and the localization and size of cells. The electronmicroscope revealed that the cell organelles and the different types of synapses resembled the ones found in mammals. The mitral cells of the hen contrary to the ones of mammals often contained lamellar bodies.
Ganglionic Cell Distribution in the Central Area of the Beagle Dog Retina
Authors: Krinke A. , Schnider K. , Lundbeck E. , Krinke G. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe distribution of ganglionic cells in the central area of the Beagle dog retina was studied by means of light microscopy in thirteen whole‐mount preparations stained with cresyl violet. The central area was composed of two parts termed “the round central area” and the “horizontal streak”; in some specimens the former and in other the latter part was more prominent. The highest concentration of ganglionic cells occured in the round central area (about 7.100 cells/mm2). In other regions of the central area the cells were less numerous and the fewest number was found outside the central area. The size categories of ganglionic cells in the Beagle retina are comparable with those observed in other species.
Algunos aspectos sobre la inervación de pulmon en animales de laboratorio
Authors: Rivera Flor Gómez de 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe finer innervation of the tissues of the lung was studied with several methods of silver impregnation, focussing especially on the fibers and endings of the nerves. The richest terminal innervation could be found in the epithelial and subepithelial tissue, and was sometimes similar to the situation in the smooth muscles which might indicate that, somehow, secretory and motor innervation are alike morphologically. On the other hand, there were many nerve fibers in the perichondrium of the small nodules and plaques of cartilage too, although they did not enter the cartilaginous tissue. The final nerves ended in different forms, from round or ovoid masses to free “ultraterminal” filaments.
The Embryonic Development of the Equine Heart*
Authors: Vitums Arturs 
Published: June 2007

AbstractEquine cardiogenesis was studied in embryos of approximately 21 to 49 days of gestation, with particular attention to the partitioning of the ventricular outflow channel. Timing of several morphogenetic events associated with this partitioning was recorded in Table 1. Present investigation indicated that partitioning of the ventricular outflow channel into the pulmonary trunk and aorta was already completed at about 36th to 38th day of gestation. Results of this study may aid in better understanding of the congenital malformations, especially those associated with great vessels of the equine heart.
Observations on the Arrangement of Peyer's Patches in the Small Intestine of the Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus)*
Authors: Sackmann Werner 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe number and distribution of Peyers patches in the small intestine of 461 Chinchilla rabbits and 19 Russian bred rabbits were determined during surgery and at a subsequent necropsy. The Peyers patches were located within the jejunum and ileum where they were evenly distributed along the antimesenteric portion of the intestine. No correlation was found between length of the intestine and numbers of Peyers patches.
Early Morphological Differentiation of the Bipolar Neurons in the Chick Retina A Golgi Analysis
Authors: Quesada A. , Prada F. , Armengol J. A. , Génis‐Gálvez J. M. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractWe report a histogenetic study of the bipolar cells of the chick embryo retina between days 5 and 9, using the Golgi technique. On day 8, at the level of the developing outer plexiform layer, small delicate spines appear on the outer processes of the bipolar cells, which represents the commencement of their dendritic ramification. At a later staige in development che detachment of Landolt's club from the outer limiting membrane is observed in some cells The inner ramifications of the bipolar cell, at the inner plexiform layer, appear later than those of the outer process.
Microscopic Anatomy and Enzyme Histochemistry of the Canine Anal Canal
Authors: Budsberg S. C. , Spurgeon T. L. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe microscopic anatomy of the anal canal was studied using routine histological methods and the light microscope in male and female dogs ranging from six months to 10 years of age. Precise anatomical boundaries were established for the zona columnaris, the zona intermedia, and the beginning of the zona cutanea. In an effort to clarify conflicting terminology concerning the anal canal, the term “anal sinus” (sinus anales) is applied to the shallow troughs located between the longitudinal mucosal ridges or columns (columnae anales) characteristic of the canine and human zona columnaris; and the term “anal crypt” is used to represent and distinguish the terminal blind pockets of anal sinuses which extend into the lamina propria of the zona intermedia.Anal glands were identified routinely in the z. columnaris and z. intermedia of the anal canal; dilated excretory ducts of the anal glands were frequently encountered, often filled with inflammatory cells. PAS‐positive but Sudan Black‐negative secretion was demonstrated in these ducts as well as within the secretory acini. Sebaceous, circumanal and apocrine sweat glands were restricted to the z. cutanea. Moderate to high alkaline phosphatase activity in the basement membrane of circumanal glands may suggest the presence of myoepithelial cells.
Scanning Electron Microscopy of Circulating Primordial Germ Cells in the Chick Embryo
Authors: Götzens V. J. , Gimeno M. , Dominguez L. , Climent S. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractA demonstration of circulating primordial germ cells in the stage 14 embryo was carried out. The definition of primordial cells was based upon specific criteria utilized by other workers and developed in this study. Evidence supports a passive transport of these cells to the germinal epithelium.
Zur Frage der Umdifferenzierung von Synovialis zu Faserknorpel am Beispiel der Cartilago suprapatellaris des Kaninchens1
Authors: Bidier Von I. , Loeffler K. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractUsing the suprapatellar cartilage of the rabbit as a model, it is shown both light and electronmi‐croscopically that the synovial layer and its connective tissue substrate can differentiate to form fibrocartilage with typical chondrocytes.In einer vorangegangenen Untersuchung (Loeffler/Bidier, 1984) konnten wir nach‐weisen, daß sich bei der Synovialgrubenbildung das Bindegewebe und die Deckzellen, zumindest jene vom Typ B, aus dem Knorpelgewebe, vor allem aus den oberflächlichen Schichten enrwickeln. Um die damit gezeigte enge Beziehung zwischen der Synovialis und der Gelenkknorpeloberfläche auch durch ein Modell mit gegenläufiger Tendenz anschau‐lich zu machen, suchten wir nach einem entsprechenden Objekt.Nachdem die lichtmikroskopischen Untersuchungen über díe Entwicklung der Cartilago suprapatellaris (C. s.) im Kniegelenk der Kaninchen (Chisiu/Constantinescu, 1974a–c u. Frey, 1981) Hinweise dafür lieferten, daß sich bei dieser Tierart postnatal die proximal der Patella gelegene Synovialis in die C. s. umwandelt, sollten diese Vorgänge lichtoptisch an Dünnschnitten sowie elektronenmikroskopisch (TEM) detaillierter abge‐klärt werden. Dabei wurden nur die Oberfläche der Synovialis bzw. der Cartilago berücksichtigt, weil die Umwandlungsvorgänge in den tieferen Schichten als lichtoptisch hinreichend abgeklärt anzusehen sind (Frey, 1981).
Ultrastructural Features of the Bovine Cecal Mucosa
Authors: Maala C. P. , Cummings J. F. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe cecal surface epithelium of cattle was lined entirely by columnar cells except near the openings of the glands where a few partially depleted goblet cells were encountered. Surface columnar cells with pale cytoplasm, indented (sometimes dome‐shaped) apical border and irregular microvilli, were also found near the gland orifices. Surface columnar cells ‐near the openings of the glands contained large cytoplasmic vacuoles and lysosomal‐like bodies. Near the extrusion zone, however, the columnar cells contained highly indented and apically displaced nuclei. The glands were usually long and straight and lined by an epithelium concisting mainly of undifferentiated and goblet cells. There were few entero‐endocrine and non‐epithelial cells (intra‐epithelial lymphocytes and globule leukocytes). Paneth cells were absent.The undifferentiated cells contained many free ribosomes and apical secretory granules. Some of these cells were undergoing mitotic division. Goblet cells exhibited a typical brandy‐glass appearance and showed dark and light mucigenous granules. Endocrine cells with polymorphic secretory granules and cells with more uniform secretory granules were identified in the basal part of the epithelium. Globule leukocytes and intra‐epithelial lymphocytes were usually encountered near the basal part of the epithelium.The lamina propria was highly cellular. It contained many plasma cells, mast cells and small lymphocytes, and few eosinophils, neutrophils and globule leukocytes. Some of the plasma cells contained large, dense Russell bodies within the cisternae of the rough‐surfaced endoplasmic reticulum. The neutrophils displayed distinct populations of small and large cytoplasmic granules. Some of the eosinophilic granules showed narrow crystalline cores. Large lymphocytes were found in the lamina propria, but occurred less frequently than small lymphocytes.
Contribution to the Paranasal Sinuses of the One Humped Camel (Camelus dromedarius)
Authors: Ahmed A. S. , Shokry M. , El‐Keiey M. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractA gross anatomic and radiological examination of the paranasal sinuses of the camel is described. Radiological examination was enhanced through the use of a barium sulphate paste.
On the Regional Histology of the Ductus Epididymidis in the Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis)
Authors: Abdou M. S. S. , Moussa M. H. G. , Ragab R. S. A. , El‐Menoufy A. A. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractA study of the histology of the epididymis of seventeen adult buffalo bulls ranging from 2 to 4 years of age was carried out. Tissues were collected at slaughter, fixed in formalin and paraffin sectioned. The histologic structure of 8 regions of the epididymis is described, and compared with descriptions of the epididymis of other species.
The Arterial Supply of the Female Reproductive System in the Hamster
Authors: Ogura A. , Nishida T. , Mochizuki K. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe arterial supply to the pelvis and female reproductive system was studied in 54 hamsters of the CBN, APG and ACN strains, 3 rats of the Wistar strain and 3 mice of the ICR strain. All animals were prepared by intravascular injection of a mixture of barium and red latex for gross dissection and radiographic examination. The vascular patterns of the three strains of hamsters were compared with each other and with those of rats and mice. The possible reasons for variations within and between species are discussed.
Ossification of the Atlas‐Axis Complex in the Dog*
Authors: Watson A. G. , Evans H. E. , de Lahunta A. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractSkeleton preparations of 200 Beagles of known age, ranging from embryos at 28 days of age to 10 year old adults were studied. Preparations of gross specimens were examined with the aid of Alizarin red staining, binocular dissection and histological sections. Ossification centers for the components of the atlas and axis were identified and followed to their fusion. The developmental ossification sequence for these bones is described and compared with that of other similar studies in other species.
Histological and Histochemical Characterization of the Bovine Rete Ovarii through the Estrous Cycle and Gestation
Authors: Wenzel J. G. W. , Odend'hal S. , Player E. C. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThe rete ovarii of cattle may be morphologically divided into the intraovarian rete, the connecting rete, and the extraovarian rete. The connecting rete may be subdivided into that portion which lies within the ovary proper and that portion that lies in the mesovarium. The portion of the connecting rete which lies in the mesovarium is connected to the infundibulum of the uterine tube by a patent tubo‐retial communication.Mitotic figures were observed in the epithelial cells of the rete ovarii during estrus, during metestrus, following superovulation, and in association with the cystadenomatous change which was observed in one ovary of an estrus cow. The epithelial lining of microcysts appeared to proliferate and produce material which filled the cysts. The occurrence of vesicles in the retial epithelium appeared more commonly during diestrus and gestation. The greatest amount of cells, cellular debris and amorphous luminal material was observed during anestrus, diestrus and gestation.
Postnatal Development of the Stomach in the Japanese Field Vole, Microtus montebelli
Authors: Kobaru Y. , Kitamura N. , Yamada J. , Yamashita T. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThe postnatal development of the stomach in the Japanese field vole, Microtus montebelli, were studied with the light and scanning electron microscopes.Three kinds of cells constituting the fundic glands, that is, mucous neck cells, parietal cells and chief cells were distinguished clearly by light microscopy to have been differentiated around 14 days old. At 4 days old, the structure of pyloric glands was similar to that of adult stage. The investigation on the development of esophageal sac, fundic stomach and pyloric stomach was made by measuring each area of the vertical section. The fundic stomach grew more rapidly than the esophageal sac and pyloric stomach. The ratio of esophageal sac to fundic stomach and pyloric stomach in the area was about 1.5: 2: 1 at 20 days old.In the fundic glands, 5‐hydroxytriptamine (5‐HT)‐ and somatostatin‐immunoreactive cells appeared first at 6 days old and at birth, respectively and in the pyloric glands, gastrin‐, 5‐HT‐ and somatostatin‐immunoreactive cells appeared at 19th day fetus. Gastrin‐immunoreactive cells showed a rapid increase in the pyloric glands after birth. The distribution and frequency of endocrine cells were similar to that of adult at about 20 days old.The fimbria showed bank‐like appearance at the beginning and thereafter they showed the process‐like structure. The fimbria in both the appearance and the length at 60 days old was similar to that of adult stage.As a whole, the stomach of the field vole seemed to became mature at 20 days old in the aspects of gastric endocrine cells and morphology of gastric wall, although the fimbria formation was not accomplished at the same period.
Comparative Histology of the Kidney of Bos taurus and Bos indicus Cattle
Authors: Mbassa Gabriel Kihanda 
Published: June 2007

SummaryTwenty‐six kidneys of 2–4 years old Bos indicus (zebu cattle) and twenty kidneys of 4‐year old Bos taurus were examined under the light microscope. The renal tubular epithelial heights and diameters were smaller in zebu than in Bos taurus. The Bos indicus kidney had fewer vascular bundles in the outer medullary zone and a smaller number of capillaries per vascular bundle, hence a lower renal blood flow than in Bos taurus. The Bos indicus proximal tubules had broader brush borders than those of Bos taurus. The smaller renal corpuscles with smaller glomerular filtration surface and low renal blood flow are responsible for low glomerular filtration rate and urinary flow, enabling their kidneys to retain more water than those of Bos taurus.
Efficiency of Phenoxyethanol at Removing Formaldehyde from Immersion Fixed Muscle Tissue*
Authors: Rumph P. F. , Williams J. C. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThe propensities of several fluids for extracting formaldehyde from fixed muscle tissue were compared. Following formalin fixation, similar samples of muscle tissue were immersed in solutions of 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 4% phenoxyethanol, 40% ethanol, 25% ethylene glycol or water. Following storage periods of 4, 25, 50 or 100 days, the formaldehyde content of the fluids was determined by sodium sulfite titration. The solution containing 40% ethanol was clearly superior to the others. Solutions containing 2% or 4% phenoxyethanol were least effective and there was a significant inverse linear relationship between the concentration of phenoxyethanol and amount of formaldehyde extracted. This suggests that phenoxyethanol decreases the ability of water to extract formaldehyde from fixed tissues.
The Shield of the Domestic Boar (Sus scrofa L.): Its Gross Anatomy, Histology and Possible Function
Authors: McCarthy P. H. , Howlett C. R. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryA description is given of the gross and microscopic anatomy of the shield of the boar and its position in relation to the subcutaneous or superficial fascia. The histology of the shield is contrasted with that of the cutis of the same superficial regions of the body of the 9‐month‐old boar and in the light of these findings and the known social behaviour of adult boars, the possible function of the shield is discussed.
Lymphsystem und Lymphdrainage im Hoden des Pekingerpels (Anas platyrhynchos, L.)
Authors: Kremer A. , Budras K.‐D. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryLymph system and lymphatic drainage in the testis of the Peking drake (Anas platyrhynchos, L.)After perfusion fixation the lymph vascular system can be distinguished sharply from the blood vascular system because the formation of lymph proteins is a reliable distinguishing criterion. Prelymphatic spaces without endothelial lining among seminiferous tubules partially communicate with lymph capillaries that are continuous with lymph sinusoids. Lymphatic vessels whose walls as yet contain no muscle are already present between the seminiferous tubules. The lymph then flows to the tunica albuginea in which it was possible to demonstrate, by injection of Prussian Blue, an narrow‐mesh lymphatic network. Collecting vessels converge on the hilus and carry the lymph to the thoracoabdominal trunk. Right and left trunks, singly or after joining, enter the blood vascular system close to the left angle of veins.
Estudio Estructural y Ultraestructural del Parenquima Renal Hematopoyetico en la Tenca (Tinca tinca, L.)
Authors: Roncero V. , Gazquez A. , Redondo E. , Moyano M. C. , Duran E. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryLight‐ and ultrastructural study of the renal hemopoietic cells of the Tenca (Tincca tinca, L.)A study of the renal hemopoietic cells was carried out in 63 adult Tenca's, captured from their natural environment. The hemopoietic tissues of the Tenca is located in the intertuberal tissues of the kidney. The basic structure of these tissues is similar to that of the red bone marrow of mammals. The morphology of individual cellular elements (erythrocytes, thrombocytes, heterophils, eosinophils, basophils, lymphocytes, monocytes and macrophages) are described. Light microscopy, using hematoxylin and eosin, P. AS. and Prussian Asure stains and transmission electron microscopy were used to study these cells.
Arterial Blood Supply to the Stomach of the Muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus)
Authors: Bisaillon A. , Grenier A. , Bousquet R. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThe vascularization of the stomach of the muskrat is provided by the celiac artery and its three branches, the splenic, the hepatic and the left gastric artery. Of these, the left gastric vessel constitutes the main blood supply to the organ. Its two terminal branches supply the body of the stomach, forming a rich vascular network for the glandular region of the organ. The other regions of the stomach, the fundus and the pyloric part are poorly vascularized.
Das Rete mirabile der Arteria maxillaris des Löwen (Panthera leo, L. 1758)
Authors: Frackowiak H. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThe rete mirabile of the maxillary artery of the lion (Panthera leo, L. 1758)Seventeen lion heads were examined. Their arteries were injected with colored supervinylchloride (dissolved in aceton) after which the heads were macerated biologically.The rete mirabile of the maxillary artery was located extracranially and was formed by numerous arteries that arose from the dorsal and medial surfaces of the maxillary artery. The rete released branches (Rami retis) which entered the cranial cavity through the orbital fissure where they anastomosed with the intracranial segment of the internal carotid artery. The extracranial portion of the internal carotid was found to be obliterated.Some other arteries leaving the rete anastomosed with the internal ophthalmic artery before it entered the optic canal.The following further arteries left the rete: A. ethmoidalis externa, A. ophthalmica externa, Rami musculares and Ramus pterygoideus.The rete mirabile of the maxillary artery in the lion provides the principal source of the blood for the brain; it also supplies the orbit.
Arthrographic Observations of the Equine Distal Interphalangeal Joint (Articulationes Interphalangeae Distalis Manus) and Navicular Bursa (Bursa Podotrochlearis)
Authors: Jann H. , Henry G. , Berry A. , Cash L. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryTwenty cadaver limbs of adult horses were examined by arthrographic examination of the distal interphalangeal joint. The joint capsule and space is described. Comparison is made with existing descriptions.