bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Associations between symptoms of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, socioeconomic status and asthma in children
Authors: Omura Makiko , Cortese Samuele , Bailhache Marion , Navarro Marie C. , Melchior Maria , van der Waerden Judith , Heude Barbara , de Lauzon-Guillain Blandine , Galera Cédric 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSocioeconomic status (SES) influences the risk of both physical diseases, such as asthma, and neurodevelopmental conditions, including attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Using Causal Mediation Analysis on French birth-cohort data, we found a causal pathway from SES to ADHD symptoms, in part mediated by asthma. An increase in family income at age 3 by one unit resulted in lower ADHD symptoms at age 5, by −0.37 [95% CI: −0.50, −0.24] SDQ-score-points, with additional −0.04 [95% CI: −0.08, −0.01] points reduction indirectly via asthma at age 3, both with statistical significance. Importantly, family income at age 3 exerted both direct and indirect (via asthma) negative effects on later ADHD symptoms with much higher magnitudes for the direct effect. Our findings underscore the importance of apprehending ADHD symptoms in the broader context of socioeconomic disparities, along with their comorbidities with asthma, potentially influencing public health interventions and clinical practice in managing ADHD.
Fabrication of water-resistant fluorescent ink using the near-unity photoluminescence quantum yield of CsPbBr3 doped with NiBr2
Authors: Roy Dipanwita , Guha Shramana , Acharya Somobrata 
Published: April 2024

In this study, we report on the synthesis of CsPbBr3 nanocrystals (NCs) doping with transition metal ion Ni2+ with high photoluminescence. The fabricated fluorescent ink of Ni2+ doped NCs showsthe water resistivity and thermal stability.
Poststroke Communication Ability Predicts Patient–Informant Discrepancies in Reported Activities and Participation
Authors: Jewell Courtney C. , Harnish Stacy M. , Brello Jennifer , Lanzi Alyssa M. , Cohen Matthew L. 
Published: April 2024

Background:

Participation in life situations
has been identified by people with aphasia (PWA) as an ultimate outcome of rehabilitation and is often measured with patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) or informant-reported measures. It is known that PWA and informants do not always produce similar scores on measures of activities and participation. However, systematic differences between PWA and informants and the causes of these differences are not well understood. Here, we investigated these differences as a function of language impairment, perceived level of activity and participation success, and depressive symptoms.

Method:
Participants were 29 PWA–informant dyads who completed a performance-based language assessment and three measures related to different aspects of activities and participation. Outcome variables were PWA–informant difference scores in the activities and participation measures.

Results:

PWA ratings of activities and participation were not statistically significantly associated with performance-based language severity. Hierarchical regression models with both language impairment and informant-reported scores as predictor variables explained 53%–71% of the variance in PWA–informant difference scores (all
p
< .05). In particular, mild communication challenges were associated with the PWA reporting significantly worse participation than the informant perceived. In contrast, more severe communication challenges were associated with the PWA reporting significantly better participation than the informant perceived.

Discussion:
These findings highlight the importance of measuring participation by PROM. The PWA's experience of participation is not related to their level of language impairment and is predictably different from their care partners' perspective. As others have also reported, “mild” aphasia is not so mild to the PWA. Similarly, “severe” may not be so severe to the PWA. Further research is needed to connect these findings with counseling and caregiver education. Research on response processes (e.g., response shift) is also warranted.
The Association Between Stuttering Burden and Psychosocial Aspects of Life in Adults
Authors: Engelen Marscha M. , Franken Marie-Christine J. P. , Stipdonk Lottie W. , Horton Sarah E. , Jackson Victoria E. , Reilly Sheena , Morgan Angela T. , Fisher Simon E. , van Dulmen Sandra , Eising Else 
Published: April 2024

Purpose:
Stuttering is a speech condition that can have a major impact on a person's quality of life. This descriptive study aimed to identify subgroups of people who stutter (PWS) based on stuttering burden and to investigate differences between these subgroups on psychosocial aspects of life.

Method:
The study included 618 adult participants who stutter. They completed a detailed survey examining stuttering symptomatology, impact of stuttering on anxiety, education and employment, experience of stuttering, and levels of depression, anxiety, and stress. A two-step cluster analytic procedure was performed to identify subgroups of PWS, based on self-report of stuttering frequency, severity, affect, and anxiety, four measures that together inform about stuttering burden.

Results:

We identified a high- (
n
= 230) and a low-burden subgroup (
n
= 372). The high-burden subgroup reported a significantly higher impact of stuttering on education and employment, and higher levels of general depression, anxiety, stress, and overall impact of stuttering. These participants also reported that they trialed more different stuttering therapies than those with lower burden.

Conclusions:
Our results emphasize the need to be attentive to the diverse experiences and needs of PWS, rather than treating them as a homogeneous group. Our findings also stress the importance of personalized therapeutic strategies for individuals with stuttering, considering all aspects that could influence their stuttering burden. People with high-burden stuttering might, for example, have a higher need for psychological therapy to reduce stuttering-related anxiety. People with less emotional reactions but severe speech distortions may also have a moderate to high burden, but they may have a higher need for speech techniques to communicate with more ease. Future research should give more insights into the therapeutic needs of people highly burdened by their stuttering.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.25582980
Into the thick of it: ALMA 0.45 mm observations of HL Tau at a resolution of 2 au
Authors: Guerra-Alvarado Osmar M. , Carrasco-González Carlos , Macías Enrique , van der Marel Nienke , Houge Adrien , Maud Luke T. , Pinilla Paola , Villenave Marion , Asaki Yoshiharu , Humphreys Elizabeth 
Published: April 2024

Aims. To comprehend the efficiency of dust evolution within protoplanetary disks, it is crucial to conduct studies of these disks using high-resolution observations at multiple wavelengths with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA).
Methods. In this work, we present high-frequency ALMA observations of the HL Tau disk using its Band 9 centered at a wavelength of 0.45 mm. These observations achieve the highest angular resolution in a protoplanetary disk to date, 12 milliarcseconds (mas), allowing the study of the dust emission at scales of 2 au. We used these data to extend the previously published multiwavelength analysis of the HL Tau disk, constraining the dust temperature, dust surface density, and maximum grain size throughout the disk. We performed this modeling for compact solid dust particles as well as for porous particles.
Results. Our new 0.45 mm data mainly trace optically thick emission, providing a tight constraint to the dust temperature profile. We derive maximum particle sizes of ~1 cm from the inner disk to ~60 au. Beyond this radius, we find particles between 300 µm and 1 mm. The total dust mass of the disk is 2.1 MJ with compact grains, and it increases to 6.3 MJ assuming porous particles. Moreover, an intriguing asymmetry is observed at 32 au in the northeast inner part of the HL Tau disk at 0.45 mm. We propose that this asymmetry is the outcome of a combination of factors, including the optically thick nature of the emission, the orientation of the disk, and a relatively large dust scale height of the grains that is preferentially traced at 0.45 mm. To validate this, we conducted a series of radiative transfer models using the software RADMC-3D. Our models varying dust masses and scale heights successfully replicate the observed asymmetry in the HL Tau disk. If this scenario is correct, our measured dust mass within 32 au would suggest a dust scale height H/R > 0.08 for the inner disk. Finally, the unprecedented resolution allowed us to probe the dust emission down to scales of a few au for the first time. We observed an increase in brightness temperature inside the estimated water snowline, and we speculate whether this might indicate a traffic-jam effect in the inner disk.
Conclusions. Our results show that 0.45 mm observations of protoplanetary disks can be used to robustly constrain the radial profile of their dust temperature. Additionally, the higher optical depths at this wavelength can be used to constrain the vertical scale height of the dust. Finally, these higher frequencies allow us to reach higher spatial resolutions, which have the potential to resolve the region within the water snowline in disks.
Generation of relativistic electrons at the termination shock in the solar flare region
Authors: Mann G. , Veronig A. M. , Schuller F. 
Published: April 2024

Context. Solar flares are accompanied by an enhanced emission of electromagnetic waves from the radio up to the γ-ray range. The associated hard X-ray and microwave radiation is generated by energetic electrons. These electrons play an important role, since they carry a substantial part of the energy released during a flare. The flare is generally understood as a manifestation of magnetic reconnection in the corona. The so-called standard CSHKP model is one of the most widely accepted models for eruptive flares. The solar flare event on September 10, 2017 offers us a unique opportunity to study this model. The observations from the Expanded Owens Valley Solar Array (EOVSA) show that ≈1.6 × 104 electrons with energies > 300 keV are generated in the flare region.
Aims. There are signatures in solar radio and extreme ultraviolet (EUV) observations as well as numerical simulations that a “termination shock” (TS) appears in the magnetic reconnection outflow region. Electrons accelerated at the TS can be considered to generate the loop-top hard X-ray sources. In contrast to previous studies, we investigate whether the heating of the plasma at the TS provides enough relativistic electrons needed for the hard X-ray and microwave emission observed during the solar X8.2 flare on September 10, 2017.
Methods. We studied the heating of the plasma at the TS by evaluating the jump in the temperature across the shock by means of the Rankine–Hugoniot relationships under coronal circumstances measured during the event on September 10, 2017. The part of relativistic electrons was calculated in the heated downstream region.
Results. In the magnetic reconnection outflow region, the plasma is strongly heated at the TS. Thus, there are enough energetic electrons in the tail of the electron distribution function (EDF) needed for the microwave and hard X-ray emission observed during the event on September 10, 2017.
Conclusions. The generation of relativistic electrons at the TS is a possible mechanism of explaining the enhanced microwave and hard X-ray radiation emitted during flares.
Vibration control of an optical arm
Authors: Cherkaoui Jaouad Nada , Belhora Fouad , Alaoui Belghiti Amine , Toutouh Samira , Laasri Said , Hajjaji Abdelowahed 
Published: April 2024

Several nonlinear treatments of piezoelectric voltages have been studied and developed. These techniques greatly improve the switching capabilities of piezoelectric materials. There are active and passive vibration control techniques: Passive technology involves connecting piezoelectric elements to a passive grid; and active technology requires a bulky system that contains at least a sensor, a controller, and a feedback actuator. In addition, control units and actuators require external power supplies and amplifiers. In addition, control units and actuators require external power supplies and amplifiers.
SSD (Synchronous Switch Damping) technology allows optimal management of energy transfer in multiphysical couplings, especially electromechanical couplings created by piezoelectric elements. Based on nonlinear manipulation of the voltage of active elements embedded in the host structure, they greatly increase the extracted mechanical energy, which is then converted into electrical energy. Two main areas can benefit from this optimization: vibration control (SSD) technology, because more energy is extracted from the structure to minimize its energy vibration, and energy harvesting (SSH) technology, because the harvested electrical energy becomes sufficient to supply low consumption electronic circuits.
This work focuses on vibration control and energy harvesting using embedded piezoelectric elements.
First, the SSD principle applied to piezoelectric materials is introduced. Then, a summary is presented of the work consisting on estimating the attenuation obtained on the vibrations of an optical arm by non-linear SSD techniques.
Exploration des leviers psychopédagogiques : compréhension qualitative des facteurs promouvant le bien-être chez les étudiants en médecine
Authors: Schittek Alice , Givron Hélène , Desseilles Martin 
Published: April 2024

Contexte : Cette étude a été réalisée à la suite d’une étude quantitative ayant montré les effets positifs d’une intervention psychopédagogique de quinze heures visant au bien-être d’étudiants en troisième année de médecine préclinique. But : Explorer ce qui, selon les étudiants, est à l’origine de ces effets positifs observés sur leur bien-être. Méthodes : Une analyse qualitative thématique a été réalisée sur 192 textes envoyés par 192 étudiants. Résultats : Le contenu qualitatif émanant des textes rejoint et clarifie les effets positifs observés lors de l’étude quantitative. Différents processus ont pu être identifiés comme étant potentiellement à l’origine de ces effets. Les facteurs influençant le bien-être des étudiants se regroupent en trois domaines : à un niveau intrapersonnel, la découverte du processus d’autorégulation, ainsi que le contenu et les outils appris par l’intervention ; à un niveau interpersonnel, le développement d’une culture de partage de vulnérabilités entre étudiants ; au niveau de l’environnement, les attitudes du formateur ainsi que le rythme et l’espace sûr de l’intervention semblent expliquer les effets positifs observés sur les étudiants. Conclusion : L’étude qualitative nous a permis d’aller un pas plus loin en identifiant, au sein des textes des étudiants, des processus potentiellement à l’origine des bénéfices identifiés de façon quantitative sur leur bien-être. Des études quantitatives ultérieures permettraient de tester de façon significative ces processus identifiés afin d’aider les pédagogues en santé à identifier les leviers permettant de veiller au bien-être de leurs étudiants.
Drei kontrastierende Verläufe von Frauen mit einer
Alkoholabhängigkeit: eine qualitative Studie
Authors: Gavez Silvija 
Published: April 2024

Zusammenfassung
Ziel Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird die Bedeutung von sozialen Beziehungen
auf Abstinenz und -stabilisierung bei Frauen mit einer Alkoholabhängigkeit
aufgezeigt. Aus der Perspektive der betroffenen Frauen wird eruiert, ob und
inwiefern Verhaltensweisen von Personen aus dem sozialen Umfeld als
unterstützend oder belastend wahrgenommen werden.
Methode Im Rahmen einer qualitativen Studie wurden halbstrukturierte
Interviews mit Frauen geführt, die gebeten wurden, von ihrer Alkoholabhängigkeit
zu erzählen. Die Auswertung der Interviews erfolgte nach einem rekonstruktiven
Ansatz. Die Ethikkommission der Philosophischen Fakultät der Universität Zürich
hat das Vorgehen bewilligt.
Ergebnisse Anhand von drei kontrastierenden Verläufen wird dargelegt, wie
sich soziale Beziehungen auf das Trinkverhalten auswirken können. Erstens können
soziale Beziehungen massgeblich zum Entscheid zur Abstinenz beitragen und
Betroffene bei der Abstinenzstabilisierung motivieren. Zweitens können
belastende und stigmatisierende Reaktionsweisen Betroffene belasten. Drittens
tragen vor allem gesundheitliche Gründe zur Entscheidung zur Abstinenz bei,
während soziale Beziehungen kaum eine Rolle dabei spielen.
Schlussfolgerungen Die Ergebnisse zeigen auf, welche unterschiedlichen
Auswirkungen soziale Beziehungen auf das Trinkverhalten haben können. Dabei sind
sie in Wechselwirkung mit persönlichen Faktoren zu betrachten, wie
beispielsweise dem offenen oder heimlichen Konsum.
Blood Cell Count Ratios at Baseline are Associated with Initial
Clinical Response to Clozapine in Treatment-Resistant, Clozapine-Naïve,
Schizophrenia-Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Llorca-Bofí Vicent , Bioque Miquel , Madero Santiago , Mallorquí Andrea , Oliveira Cristina , Garriga Marina , Parellada Eduard , García-Rizo Clemente 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background Clozapine is the recommended treatment for managing
treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS), and immunological mechanisms may be
involved in its unique antipsychotic efficacy. This study investigated whether
baseline immune abnormalities measured with blood cell count ratios can predict
the clinical response after initiating treatment with clozapine in patients with
clozapine naïve TRS.
Methods A longitudinal design was developed, involving 32 patients
diagnosed with treatment-resistant, clozapine-naïve schizophrenia-spectrum
disorder. Patients were evaluated at baseline before clozapine starting and 8
weeks of follow-up. Psychopathological status and immune abnormalities (blood
cell count ratios: neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio [NLR], monocyte-lymphocyte ratio
[MLR], platelet-lymphocyte ratio [PLR] and basophil-lymphocyte ratio [BLR]) were
evaluated in each visit.
Results Baseline NLR (b=− 0.364; p=0.041) and MLR (b =− 0.400; p=0.023)
predicted the change in positive symptoms over the 8-week period. Patients who
exhibited a clinical response showed higher baseline NLR (2.38±0.96 vs.
1.75±0.83; p=0.040) and MLR (0.21±0.06 vs. 0.17±0.02; p=0.044) compared to
non-responders. In the ROC analysis, the threshold points to distinguish between
responders and non-responders were approximately 1.62 for NLR and 0.144 for MLR,
yielding AUC values of 0.714 and 0.712, respectively. No statistically
significant differences were observed in the blood cell count ratios from
baseline to the 8-week follow-up.
Conclusion Our study emphasizes the potential clinical significance of
baseline NLR and MLR levels as predictors of initial clozapine treatment
response in patients with TRS. Future studies with larger sample sizes and
longer follow-up periods should replicate our findings.
Impact of long-term transmural plastic stents on recurrence after endoscopic treatment of walled-off pancreatic necrosis
Authors: Voermans Rogier P. , de Jonge Pieter Jan F. , de Jong David M , Stassen Pauline M. C. , Schoots Ivo G. , Verdonk Robert C. , Bruno Marco J. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background Endoscopic transmural drainage (ETD) using double-pigtail stents (DPSs) is a well-established treatment for walled-off pancreatic necrosis (WON). This study aimed to compare outcomes in patients undergoing ETD with DPSs left indwelling versus those where stents were removed or migrated.
Methods This retrospective multicenter cohort study included patients with WON who underwent ETD using DPSs between July 2001 and December 2019. The primary outcome was recurrence of a pancreatic fluid collection (PFC). Secondary outcomes were long-term complications and recurrence-associated factors. Competing risk regression analysis considered DPS removal or migration as time-varying covariates.
Results Among 320 patients (median age 58; 36% women), DPSs were removed in 153 (47.8%), migrated spontaneously in 27 (8.4%), and remained indwelling in 140 (43.8%). PFC recurrence was observed in 57 patients (17.8%): after removal (n = 39; 25.5%); after migration (n = 4; 14.8%); in patients with indwelling DPSs (n = 14; 10.0%). In 25 patients (7.8%), drainage of recurrent PFC was indicated. Risk factors for recurrence were DPS removal or migration (hazard ratio [HR] 3.45, 95%CI 1.37–8.70) and presence of a disconnected pancreatic duct (HR 5.08, 95%CI 1.84–14.0).
Conclusions Among patients who undergo ETD of WON, leaving DPSs in situ seems to lower the risk of recurrent fluid collections, without any long-term DPS-related complications. These results suggest that DPSs should not be routinely removed and can be safely left indwelling indefinitely.
Clinical Conundrum of ACTH-Independent Cushing's Syndrome in a Child with Adrenal Cortical Carcinoma: A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Patil Prashant , Monteiro Joewin , Qureshi Sajid , Karnik Nupur 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAdrenocorticotropic hormone-independent Cushing's syndrome (CS) secondary to cortisol-secreting adrenal cortical carcinoma (ACC) in children has been seldom reported. We report on a 6-year-old girl diagnosed with CS due to a right-sided ACC. She presented with rapid onset obesity, virilization, and hypertensive urgency. Postserial diagnostic evaluation, control of hypertension, right adrenalectomy with en bloc resection of tumor mass were performed. The child had an excellent clinical and biochemical recovery with significant weight loss and return to normal serum cortisol levels.
Practical Suggestions for an Optimal Management of Vitamin K Antagonists: Italian Federation of Centers for the Diagnosis of Thrombotic Disorders and the Surveillance of the Antithrombotic Therapies (FCSA) Position Paper
Authors: Galliazzo Silvia , Bucciarelli Paolo , Barcellona Doris , Ciampa Antonio , Grandone Elvira , Malcangi Giuseppe , Rescigno Giuseppe , Squizzato Alessandro , Toschi Vincenzo , Testa Sophie , Poli Daniela 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn the era of direct oral anticoagulants, vitamin K antagonists retain a clinically relevant role in thrombotic disorders. In Italy, approximately 20% of the patients on anticoagulant therapies receives a VKA, in most cases warfarin. The optimal management of this drug is challenging and cannot disregard its intricate and unpredictable pharmacokinetic properties and patient's thrombotic and bleeding risk. Several clinical issues encountered during warfarin treatment are still unanswered and are tentatively addressed by physicians. In this regard, the Italian Federation of Centers for the diagnosis of thrombotic disorders and the Surveillance of the Antithrombotic therapies (FCSA) provides some experience-based good clinical practice's suggestions on the following topics: (1) how to start the anticoagulant treatment with warfarin and warfarin induction regimen; (2) how to manage a subtherapeutic INR value; (3) how to manage a supratherapeutic INR value in asymptomatic patients; and (4) how to manage the association of warfarin with interfering drugs.