bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analog-Based Free Testosterone Test Results Linked to Total Testosterone Concentrations, Not Free Testosterone Concentrations
Authors: Fritz Kristofer S , McKean Alastair J S , Nelson Jerald C , Wilcox R Bruce 
Published: January 2008

Abstract
Background: Analog-based free testosterone test results, sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) concentrations, and total testosterone concentrations are somehow related. This study used new experiments to clarify these relationships.
Methods: An analog-based free testosterone immunoassay and a total testosterone immunoassay were applied to well-defined fractions of serum testosterone. First, they were applied to the 2 fractions (retentate and dialysate) of normal male serum obtained by equilibrium dialysis. Second, they were applied to covaried concentrations of SHBG and total testosterone. Third, they were applied to decreasing concentrations of SHBG and protein-bound testosterone, offset by increasing concentrations of protein-free testosterone, while total testosterone was held constant.
Results: The analog-based free testosterone assay and the total testosterone assay detected and reported serum testosterone test results from serum retentate, whereas neither assay detected the free testosterone in serum dialysate. Test results reported by the analog-based free testosterone assay followed varied concentrations of SHBG and total testosterone. When total testosterone was held constant, however, analog-based free testosterone test results did not follow varied concentrations of serum proteins or of free testosterone.
Conclusion: An analog-based free testosterone immunoassay reported free testosterone test results that were related to total testosterone concentrations under varied experimental conditions. This alleged free testosterone assay did not detect serum free testosterone (the test results it reported were nonspecific) and should not be used for this purpose.
THE EUROPEAN ASSOCIATION FOR CHILDREN IN HOSPITAL (EACH) CHARTER
Authors: Brandazzi Giuliana Filippazzi 
Published: January 2008

The European Association for Children in Hospital (EACH) Charter, adopted in 1988 in Leiden, Netherlands, is a list of the rights of all children before, during, and after a hospital stay. The rights mentioned in the charter apply to all sick children regardless of their illness, age, or disability, their origin or social or cultural background, or any possible reason for treatment, whether as inpatients or outpatients.
All rights mentioned in the charter and all measures derived from it must, in the first place, be in the best interests of children and enhance their well-being.
The rights/needs of children in hospital include accommodation for parents, support for parents and children, informed participation in the decision-making process, and care in pediatric units by staff who are adequately trained.
The EACH Charter is in line with corresponding and binding rights stipulated at the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child and refers to children as being aged 0 to 18 years.
Some of the goals of the EACH Charter are still unachieved, such as: the right of children to have their parents with them in the hospital;painless medical treatment;to receive information they can understand;the possibility for children to have their own say in the care plan;opportunities for play and education in the ward;to have contact with peers; anda healing environment.
Early beaten-copper pattern: its long-term effect on intelligence quotients in 95 children with craniosynostosis
Authors: van der Meulen Jacques , van der Vlugt Joris , Okkerse Jolanda , Hofman Bert 
Published: January 2008

Object
The aim of this study was to analyze the presence of beaten-copper patterns (BCPs) in children with craniosynostosis before 18 months of age and its association with their IQ at a later age.

Methods
The authors conducted a retrospective analysis of 538 cephalograms (obtained at a mean patient age of 1.16 years) from 95 patients. The BCP location and percentage of brain surface area covered were related to patient IQ scores obtained by the same psychologist using the Snijders–Oomen Nonverbal Intelligence Test–Revised, 51/2–17, and the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence–Revised.

Results
As much as 71.6% of patients presented with a BCP before 18 months of age (mean surface area of BCP 20.3%, 93% of patients presented with bilateral BCPs). The mean IQ was 95 ± 21.3 (range 50–136) at a mean patient age of 8.4 ± 2.59 years. There was a significant increase in the surface area covered by BCPs in the first 3 years of life (p < 0.001) and a significant difference in IQs between syndromic (30 cases, mean IQ 88.9) and nonsyndromic craniosynostosis cases (54 cases, mean IQ 98.9, p = 0.03). No significant correlation was found between IQ and the appearance of BCPs on presurgery radiographs (Pearson correlation coefficient = 0.143, p = 0.19) or their location (Spearman rank correlation coefficient = 0.091, p = 0.45). The BCPs appeared predominantly in the occipital region (41.1%).

Conclusions
Although the radiographic appearance of a BCP before the age of 18 months is an uncommon finding in healthy children, a craniosynostosis study group showed a preoperative BCP incidence of 71.6% and an increased incidence during the period of rapid brain expansion in the first 3 years of life. Note, however, that the presence of such a pattern had no significant long-term effect on patient intelligence levels.
Secular changes in body height and weight of Portuguese boys over one century
Authors: Cardoso Hugo F. V. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThis study examines secular changes in attained height and weight in student boys from a military boarding school (Colégio Militar) in Lisbon, Portugal. Data for 1899–1906, 1929–1936, 1961–1966, and 1999–2006 obtained from the archives and medical files of the Colégio Militar were used in this study. In a century Portuguese boys increased in height by 10.5 cm at age 10 to 19.1 cm at age 14, at a mean increase of 1.54 cm per decade. The gain in weight was between 8.7 and 18.9 kg for 10‐ and 14‐year‐old boys, respectively, at a mean increase of 1.54 kg per decade. In the same period, age at peak height and weight velocity advanced ∼2 years, showing an acceleration of developmental tempo. However, most of the real gain in height and weight and the decrease in pubertal age occurred after 1961–1966. This mirrors major improvements in social and economic conditions that initiated in Portugal in the 1960s, and then by political events in the 1970s that promoted further progress. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Investigation of the stereoselectivity of an anti‐amino acid antibody using molecular modeling and ligand docking
Authors: Ranieri Daniel I. , Corgliano Danielle M. , Franco Elliott J. , Hofstetter Heike , Hofstetter Oliver 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThe structure of the binding site of the stereoselective anti‐D‐amino acid antibody 67.36 was modeled utilizing web antibody modeling (WAM) and SWISS‐MODEL. Although docking experiments performed with an aromatic amino acid as model ligand were unsuccessful with the WAM structure, ligand binding was achieved with the SWISS‐MODEL structure. Incorporation of side‐chain flexibility within the binding site resulted in a protein structure that stereoselectively binds to the D‐enantiomer of the model ligand. In addition to four hydrogen bonds that are formed between amino acid residues in the binding site and the ligand, a number of hydrophobic interactions are involved in the formation of the antibody‐ligand complex. The aromatic side chain of the ligand interacts with a tryptophan and a tyrosine residue in the binding site through π–π stacking. Fluorescence spectroscopic investigations also suggest the presence of tryptophan residues in the binding site, as ligand binding causes an enhancement of the antibody's intrinsic fluorescence at an emission wavelength of 350 nm. Based on the modeled antibody structure, the L‐enantiomer of the model ligand cannot access the binding site due to steric hindrance. Additional docking experiments performed with D‐phenylalanine and D‐norvaline showed that these ligands are bound to the antibody in a way analogous to the D‐enantiomer of the model ligand. Chirality, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Calculation of weakly polar interaction energies in polypeptides using density functional and local Møller‐Plesset perturbation theory
Authors: Csontos József , Palermo Nicholas Y. , Murphy Richard F. , Lovas Sándor 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThe interaction energies of ubiquitous weakly polar interactions in proteins are comparable with those of hydrogen bonds, consequently, they stabilize local, secondary, and tertiary structures. However, the most widely‐used density functionals fail to describe the weakly polar interactions. Thus, it is important to find and test functionals which adequately describe and quantify the energetics of such interactions. For this purpose, interaction energies in the hydrophobic core of rubredoxin (PDB id: 1rb9) and in the S22 subset of the JSCH‐2005 benchmark database were computed with the BHandHLYP and PWPW91 functionals and with the pseudospectral implementation of the local MP2 (PS‐LMP2) method. The cc‐pVDZ, cc‐pVTZ(‐f), cc‐pVTZ, cc‐pVQZ(‐g), aug‐cc‐pVDZ, aug‐cc‐VTZ(‐f), and aug‐cc‐pVTZ basis sets were used for the calculations. In the S22 subset the PS‐LMP2 results were extrapolated to the complete basis set limit. Furthermore, thea posterioricounterpoise method of Boys and Bernardi was used to correct the basis set superposition errors in the calculation of interaction energies. Calculations using the BHandHLYP functional, both for the various weakly polar interactions in rubredoxin and for the dispersion interactions in the S22 subset, were in good agreement with those using the coupled cluster (CCSD(T)) and the resolution of identity MP2 (RIMP2) methods and clearly outperformed both the PWPW91 functional and the PS‐LMP2 method. The results for the S22 hydrogen bonded subset, obtained with PWPW91 calculations, were closest to those of the reference high level calculations. For the “mixed” (hydrogen bonded and dispersive) interactions in the S22 subset, results obtained with the BHandHLYP and PS‐LMP2 calculations agreed well with the reference calculations. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2008
Monitoring glucocorticoid response to rehabilitation and research procedures in California and Steller sea lions
Authors: Petrauskas Lisa , Atkinson Shannon , Gulland Frances , Mellish Jo‐Ann , Horning Markus 
Published: January 2008

AbstractWe used serum and fecal corticosteroid analysis to study the physiological response to a range of invasive and non‐invasive procedures in sea lions. Four experimental groups of California sea lions (Zalophus californianus; Group A: restraint only [n=9], Group B: gas anesthesia without surgery [n=10], Group C: minimally invasive surgery [n=10], and Group D: invasive surgery [n=5]) were monitored for adrenal response. Feces were collected opportunistically from 72 hr before 72 hr post procedure for corticosterone analysis. All experimental groups showed substantial individual variation and no significant change in corticosterone levels after the procedures. Additional fecal and serum corticoid samples were collected from six free‐ranging Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus) in temporary captivity undergoing abdominal implantation of long‐term telemetry devices. Only one sea lion exhibited a significant fecal corticosterone increase in response to the surgery. Capture and restraint appear to elicit a greater glucocorticoid response than invasive or non‐invasive procedures. J. Exp. Zool. 309A:73–82, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Separate but equal? The gendered nature of social capital in rural Philippine communities
Authors: Godquin Marie , Quisumbing Agnes R. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThis paper explores the gender dimensions of group membership and social networks using a unique longitudinal data set from the rural Philippines. We investigate two types of social capital: membership in groups, or ‘formal’ social capital, and size of trust‐based networks or ‘informal’ social capital. Because men and women may have different propensities to invest in social capital, we analyse the determinants of group membership for men and women separately. We also disaggregate the analysis by type of group. The paper also examines the determinants of the density of social capital, proxied by the number of groups and the number of network members. Finally, it explores whether groups contribute to increased sizes of social networks. We find that men and women do not differ significantly in their probability of participating in groups or the number of groups they join. However, there are clear gender differences in the types of groups to which men and women belong. We also find that group membership does not, in general, increase network density. The size of one's informal networks is influenced by the location and migration decisions of one's sons and daughters, suggesting that sons and daughters play different roles in providing support to their households of origin. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and preliminary biological evaluation of a 99mTc‐labeled hypericin derivative as a necrosis avid imaging agent
Authors: Fonge Humphrey , Jin Lixin , Wang Huaijun , Bormans Guy , Ni Yicheng , Verbruggen Alfons 
Published: January 2008

AbstractMono‐[123I]iodohypericin and mono‐[123I]iodohypericin monocarboxylic acid are iodine‐123‐labeled hypericin derivatives which have shown great promise in preclinical studies as necrosis avid imaging agents in animal models of infarction. In view of the more attractive properties of a 99mTc‐labeled hypericin derivative, we have synthesized a conjugate of protohypericin monocarboxylic acid with S‐benzoylmercaptoacetyldiglycyl‐diaminopentane in an overall yield of 15%. The conjugate was labeled with technetium‐99m by exchange labeling at pH 10 in a labeling yield of 95% followed by photocyclization to yield 99mTc‐mercaptoacetyldiglycyl‐1,5‐diaminopentylene hypericincarboxamide (99mTc‐13). The negatively charged 99mTc‐13 complex was purified by reversed phase high‐pressure liquid chromatography and the log P7.4 was determined to be 2.36. In normal NMRI mice, the complex showed slow hepatobiliary clearance while plasma clearance was rapid. The tracer was evaluated in rats with reperfused hepatic infarction by ex vivo autoradiography, gamma counting and histochemical techniques. Unlike the radioiodinated hypericin derivatives, the new tracer agent did not show preferential uptake in necrotic tissue on autoradiography and gamma counting techniques. Conjugation of hypericin with a 99mTc‐chelate, resulting in a change in size, charge and lipophilicity, had a profound effect on the necrosis avidity of the tracer agent. The results show that 99mTc‐13 is not suitable for imaging necrosis. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Upper Liassic Heteroptera of Mecklenburg and Saxony
Authors: POPOV Y. A. , WOOTTON ROBIN J. 
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Twenty‐seven species of Heteroptera from the Upper Liassic of Dobbertin, Mecklenburg, and East Lower Saxony are redescribed and reclassified as follows. PROGONOCIMICIDAE (= Actinoscytinidae and Eocimicidae): Progonocimex jurassicus, P.liasinus (=Eocimex liasinus); Eocercopis ancyloptera, E.similis (=Cercoprisca similis); Archicercopis falcata. ARCHEGOCIMICIDAE (= Eonabidae and Diatillidea): Archegocimex geinitzi, A.primitiva (= Eonabis primitiva), A.liadis (=Archegocoris liadis); Somatocoris conservatus; Eurynotis incisus; Progonocoris pictus; Anosmus spilopterus; Entomecoris minor; Diatillus debilis; Corynecoris semigranulatus; Macropterocoris obtusus; Ensphingocoris praerotundatus. PACHYMERIDIIDAE (= Hypocimicidae, Sisyrocoridae and Psychrocoridae): Pachymeridium dubium; Sisyrocoris rudis; Hypocimex membranaceus; Apsicoria semideleta; Cathalus alutaceus; Psychrocoris cuneifera. CUNEOCORIDAE: Cuneocoris geinitzi. NAUCORIDAE (= Apopnidae and Aphlebocoridae): Apopnus magniclavus; Aphlebocoris punctata. Infraorder Gerromorpha incertae sedis: Engynabis tenuis.Progonocimicidae constitute the Infraorder Actinoscytinomorpha. Archegocimicidae, which have features recalling Pentatomomorpha, Cimicomorpha and Dipsocoromorpha, are left incerti infraordinis.Pachymeridiidae are probably Pentatomomorpha, and Cuneocoridae Dipsocoromorpha. The faunas therefore include representatives of four extant Infraorders, among them the earliest recorded Pentatomomorpha, Dipsocoromorpha and Gerromorpha.
A re‐evaluation of the phylogenetic relationships in the Apidae (Hymenoptera)
Authors: SIRIKIMSEY LYNN 
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT.The relationships between the four tribes in the bee family Apidae are re‐examined. Characteristics of the postgena, presternum, antenna cleaner, arolium, female hind tibia and male genitalia, among others, support the placement of these tribes in three subfamilies: Meliponinae (Meliponini), Apinae (Apini) and Bombinae (Euglossini + Bombini). The Apinae is the sister group of the Bombinae. This tribal arrangement was originally proposed, using different characteristics, by Winston & Michener (1977).
Reclassification of Cupes Fabricius (s.lat.), with descriptions of new genera and species (Cupedidae: Coleoptera)
Authors: NEBOISS ARTURS 
Published: January 2008

ABSTRACT.The classification of Cupes Fabricius (s.lat.) is discussed. Details of previously proposed species groupings are expanded and supported by characters of the male genitalia. In addition to Cupes (s.s.) five new genera (Tenomerga, Distocupes, Adinolepis, Ascioplaga and Rhipsideigma) are established and the total number of species is raised to twenty‐four of which seven are new: Tenotnerga trabecula, T.kapnodes, T.favella, Adinolepis scalena, Ascioplaga mimeta, A.sciasma and Rhipsideigma adjuncta. The known distribution is extended and now includes the NE of North America, E and S Africa including Madagascar, E Asia, E Australia, Borneo, New Guinea, New Caledonia and the Hawaiian Islands. Types of most species have been examined and figured.
Revision of the genus Psix Kozlov & Lê (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae)
Authors: JOHNSON NORMAN F. , MASNER LUBOMIR 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThe genus Psix Kozlov & Lê (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) is revised from a worldwide perspective. Twelve species are described as new: annulatus [Cameroon], asper [Uganda], aulax [Australia], confluus [Sri Lanka], flavicoxa [Ivory Coast, Zimbabwe], fusm [Australia], lacunatus [Pakistan east to Taiwan, south to Australia], metopa [Australia], rasilis [Ivory Coast, Gambia], sulcifer [Malaysia], viriosus [India east to Philippine Is.] and watshami [E. Africa, Madagascar] . Psix abnormis Kozlov & Lê [W. Africa east to at least India], glabris‐crobus (Girault) nxomb. [Australia], olympus (Dodd) n.comb. [Australia], saccharicola (Mani) n.comb. [India], striaticeps (Dodd) n.comb. [W. Africa east to India, Madagascar] and tunetanus (Mineo and Szabó) n.comb. [Tunisia, Gambia, Ivory Coast, Saudi Arabia, S.W. Nearctic, Venezuela] are redescribed. An identification key for the species of Psix is presented. The relationships among species are discussed. The earliest derived species are generally found in Australia and southeast Asia. The more apomorphic species occur generally in Africa, southwest Asia and India. The distribution of Psix tunetanus has possibly been influenced by man. Details of the relationship with Trissolcus and Archi‐phanurus are unclear; the position of Psix within the subfamily is therefore also obscure.
The Neotropical species of Notalina, a southern group of long‐horned caddisflies (Trichoptera: Leptoceridae)*
Authors: HOLZENTHAL RALPH W. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThe leptocerid trichopteran genusNotalinais recorded from the South American continent for the first time. Seven new species are described in it and placed in a new subgenus,Neonotalina: N.brasiliana, N.morsei, N.cipoandN.hamiltonifrom southeastern Brazil, comprise thebrasilianaspecies‐group, andN.roraimafrom Venezuela,N.nanayfrom Peru andN.matthiasifrom Colombia form theroraimaspecies‐group.Notalina (Neonotalina)is identifiable by the presence of a long, slender baso‐mesal process on the male inferior appendage. The two species‐groups may be distinguished by the morphology of the male phallus. The historical biogeography of the genus in South America is discussed.
A re‐evaluation of the systematic position of Allocoelia Mocsary (Chrysididae, Hymenoptera) and a revision of the component species
Authors: KIMSEY LYNN SIRI 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThe relationships between the Allocoeliinae and other chrysidid subfamilies are discussed and the genusAllocoeliaMocsary reviewed. One new species,edneyiis described,capensis minorMocsary is elevated to species, andnigraEdney is synonymized withtrautmanniBrauns.
Revision of the Australian genusOncodosiaEdwards (Diptera: Bombyliidae)
Authors: YEATES D. K. 
Published: January 2008

Abstract.The endemic Australian genusOncodosiaEdwards is redescribed and diagnosed. Four species are recognized, three redescribed and one,O.triangularis, described as new. Lectotypes are designated forO.patula(Walker) andO.plana(Walker). A cladogram of the species is proposed and a key to species is presented. Wings and genitalia are illustrated. New records extend the known generic distribution eastwards across the continent.
Phylogenetic relationships of the Australian lomatiines (Diptera: Bombyliidae)
Authors: YEATES DAVID 
Published: January 2008

AbstractCladistic analysis is used to isolate the monophyletic group of genera that comprise the Australian Lomatiinae and to investigate the relationships between the Australian genera. Cladograms of genera in the Australian Tomophthalmae and Lomatiinae are presented. Myonema Roberts and Neosardus Roberts are placed in the Cylleniinae, Antonia Loew remains in the Antoniinae and Petrorossia Bezzi is placed in the Anthracinae. The relationship of the Australian lomatiines to the world fauna is discussed, as are the relationships between the Australian genera. Docidomyia White is included in the Lomatiinae and is the sister group of all other genera of the subfamily: Comptosia Macquart sens.lat.; Doddosia Edwards, Oncodosia Edwards and Paramonovomyia Evenhuis. The current diagnosis of the Lomatiinae is changed to reflect the inclusion of Docidomyia. The two subgenera of Comptosia sensu Edwards, Aleucosia Edwards and Comptosia, were not each others' closest relatives in the strict consensus tree. Thus Comptosia as currently recognized is paraphyletic and the two subgenera are treated as genera, Aleucosia stat.nov. and Comptosia stat.nov.
IRRADIATION OF URIDINE WITH ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT*†
Authors: Wang Shih Yi 
Published: January 2008

SummaryIrradiation of uridine in aqueous solution with ultraviolet light gives 6‐hydroxyhydrouridine as the first isolable product. 5‐Hydroxyhydrouridine, a possible intermediate or product, has been eliminated as involved in this photochemical reaction. The mechanism of the irradiation reaction is thus probably identical to that of 1, 3‐dimethyluracil. Improved procedures for the preparation of 5‐bromouridine and 5‐hydroxyuridine are also presented.
PHOTOCHEMISTRY OF PROTEINS XXIII. PROTEIN‐PROTElN INTERACTION BETWEEN TRYPSIN, SOYBEAN TRYPSIN INHIBITOR, AND OTHER PROTEINS
Authors: Estermann E. F. , McLaren A. D. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryCompound formation between trypsin and inhibitor and derivatives of these proteins has been studied by means of light scattering and differential spectrophotometry. it has been fouiid that a non‐specific attraction between oppositely charged molecules is not sufficient for compound formation and that the makeup of the bonding configuration of functional groups involved in compound formation is not constant over a wide range of pH.Acetylation of the proteins does not greatly influence compound formation between trypsin and inhibitor but treatment of trypsin with DFP or ultraviolet light prevents combination.