bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous measurement of β-endorphin, lipotrophins and met-enkephalin in phaeochromocytomas
Authors: Bertagna X. , Pique L. , Ochoa C. , Luton J. P. , Bricaire H. , Serin D. , Girard F. , Plouin P. F. , Corvol P. , Cesselin F. , Hamon M. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
Tissue concentrations of immunoreactive lipotrophin, β-endorphin, and met-enkephalin were determined in 10 phaeochromocytomas, 3 of which were responsible for the ectopic ACTH syndrome. Lipotrophin and β-endorphin immunoreactivities could be detected in all cases, whether or not Cushing's syndrome was present, and their tissue concentrations were significantly correlated (r = 0.95, P < 0.001). Chromatographic studies showed tha γ-lipotrophin and β-endorphin were the main peptides in the tumours. Met-enkephalin immunoreactivity was also found in all tumours examined, at much higher concentration and showing no correlation with either lipotrophin or β-endorphin immunoreactivity. Although β-endorphin and met-enkephalin are thought to originate from different precursor molecules, these data show that the two opioid peptides may be secreted by the same tumour. The evidence for excess secretion of opioid peptides and their pathological significance in phaeochromocytomas remain to be established.
Pulsatile low dose luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone treatment for induction of follicular maturation and ovulation in women with amenorrhoea
Authors: Skarin G. , Nillius S. J. , Wide L. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
Chronic intermittent low dose luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LRH) therapy was given to 7 normoprolactinaemic women with long-standing secondary amenorrhoea, low-normal gonadotrophin levels and low endogenous oestrogen production (WHO group I). Four of them were involuntarily infertile. A portable, computerized infusion pump (Zyklomat, Ferring) delivered 20 μg LRH every 90 min through a chronic indwelling catheter inserted sc in the fat tissue of the lower abdominal wall. The LRH administration was continued until menstruation or pregnancy.
Nine treatment courses over 21 to 69 days were given. Twelve ovulatory cycles were induced by the pulsatile LRH treatment. The corpus luteum function was normal in 7 cycles. Temporary interruptions of the pump function in 2 patients and haematomas at the catheter site in another 2 patients may have caused the luteal phase insufficiency. One of the 4 infertile women became pregnant. She developed ovarian hyperstimulation during her first treatment cycle. The ovarian enlargement regressed despite continued LRH therapy and a second ovulatory cycle was induced.
Thus, pulsatile administration of low doses of LRH can induce follicular maturation, ovulation and normal corpus luteum function in hypo- or normogonadotrophic women with secondary amenorrhoea with low endogenous oestrogen production. The LRH therapy can be given with the same pulse frequency throughout the induced cycle. Should pregnancy not occur the pulsatile LRH treatment can be continued without interruption to induce a second ovulatory cycle.
Climacteric symptoms, fat mass, and plasma concentrations of LH, FSH, Prl, oestradiol-17β and androstenedione in the early post-menopausal period
Authors: Hagen C. , Christiansen C. , Christensen M. S. , Transbøl I. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
The relations between climacteric symptoms, fat mass, time after the menopause, and plasma concentrations of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), prolactin (Prl), oestradiol-17β, and androstenedione were studied in 313 normal females in their early post-menopausal period.
The mean age of the women was 50 years (45–54 years, range) and the time elapsed since the last menstrual bleeding was 19.8 months (4–46 months). Most women had mild to moderate climacteric complaints. The participants were examined and filled in a questionnaire containing the 11 symptoms of Kupperman index.
A total of 61% of the women complained of hot flushes and from 9% to 44% complained of the remaining 10 Kupperman symptoms. Women with hot flushes (n = 196) had a higher mean score (P < 0.01) of the remaining symptoms than women without (n = 117). Plasma concentrations of LH and FSH were significantly higher and levels of oestradiol-17β and androstenedione were significantly lower in women complaining of hot flushes than in women without. Plasma levels of FSH was significantly (P < 0.05) higher and levels of oestradiol17β was signficantly (P < 0.01) lower in women with insomnia than in women not complaining of this symptom and women with depression had significantly (P < 0.01) higher Prl levels than women without. The months since the menopause were related to plasma levels of FSH (r = +0.216, P < 0.01) and oestradiol-17β levels (r = −0.306, P < 0.001) but not to plasma concentration of LH, Prl and androstenedione. Fat mass was related to plasma FSH and androstenedione concentrations and correlation was found between oestradiol-17β and androstenedione (r = +0.334, P < 0.001). Surprisingly, no correlation between hot flushes and fat mass was found.
Post-menopausal concentrations of plasma oestradiol, oestrone, FSH and LH and of total urinary oestradiol and oestrone after a single sublingual dose of oestradiol-17β
Authors: Fiet J. , Hermano M. , Witte J. , Villette J. M. , Haimart M. , Gourmel B. , Tabuteau F. , Rouffy J. , Dreux C. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
We report the effects of sublingual absorption of a single dose (0.5 mg) of oestradiol-17β (E2) in 8 post-menopausal women, on plasma E2 and oestrone (E1), urine elimination of total E2 + E1 and on plasma FSH and LH.
The results show that sublingual absorption of E2 occurs and that plasma concentrations of E2 obtained (between 133.2 to 320 pmol/1) in this way were higher than those obtained after percutaneous absorption of a single dose (3 mg)of E2.
The ratio E1/E2 in plasma is close to that of pre-menopausal women.
Circadian rhythm of serum progesterone levels in human pregnancy and its relation to the rhythm of cortisol
Authors: Junkermann H. , Mangold H. , Vecsei P. , Runnebaum B. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
Progesterone and cortisol were measured in the peripheral blood of pregnant women using radioimmunoassay. Ten women were between 18 and 25 weeks of pregnancy and 10 women were between 32 and 38 weeks of pregnancy. Blood for the hormone determinations was drawn at hourly intervals. A significant circadian progesterone rhythm was found with the nadir at 8.00 h and the peak around midnight. The progesterone rhythm showed a significant inverse relation to the cortisol rhythm (τ = −0.310). No difference was detected between the two groups for progesterone rhythm or its inverse relation to the cortisol rhythm.
Large annual variation in photoperiodicity does not affect testicular endocrine function in man
Authors: Huhtaniemi Ilpo , Martikainen Hannu , Tapanainen Juha 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
The purpose of the present study was to elucidate the possible influence of large differences in circannual photoperiodicity on human testicular activity. Serum testosterone was measured once a month in a group of 24 healthy young adult men for a period of 13 months in northern Finland, where the day length is 22 h in mid-summer and 3.5 h in mid-winter. The monthly levels of serum testosterone varied between 11.3 ± 0.93 and 13.0 ± 1.2 nmol/l (SE, n = 24), with no significant differences between individual months. The amplitude of variations in serum testosterone was ± 7% of the annual mean, which was less than in studies reported earlier from central Europe. Our negative findings suggest that the extreme circannual changes in the amount of day-light do not play an obvious role in the regulation of human testicular androgen production.
Lack of influence of the anabolic steroid nandrolondecanoate on bone metabolism
Authors: Bijlsma J. W. J. , Duursma S. A. , Bosch R. , Huber O. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
Eleven male patients with rheumatoid arthritis were treated with the anabolic steroid nandrolondecanoate and parameters of calcium and bone metabolism were studied. No changes were found in the concentrations of calcium, phosphorus or hydroxyproline in serum and urine (corrected for the creaturia). A significant decrease (P < 0.01) was observed in the levels of alkaline phosphatase, but this was attributed to a change in liver enzymes, because the gamma glutamyl transpeptidase fell. Acid phosphatase levels showed an increase, possibly as a result of an effect of nandrolondecanoate on the prostate. No change was found during treatment in the serum levels of parathyroid hormone, calcitonin, 25 hydroxyvitamin D, 24,25 dihydroxyvitamin D and 1.25 dihydroxyvitamin D. A seasonal fluctuation was observed for 25 hydroxyvitamin D and 24,25 dihydroxyvitamin D, but not for 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D. It was concluded that short-term treatment with the anabolic steroid nandrolondecanoate did not result in changes in parameters of calcium and bone metabolism.
Effect of brain monoamines on the secretion of adrenocorticotrophic hormone
Authors: Amar Alka , Mandal S. , Sanyal A. K. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
The role of brain monoamines (5-HT, NA and DA) in the secretion of adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) was studied in view of contradictory reports. Plasma corticosterone levels and the rate of synthesis of corticosterone in vitro by the adrenal gland were estimated in albino rats and have been taken as the index of ACTH activity. These estimations were done in unstressed and stressed, and in untreated and treated rats. Drugs were administered intracerebroventricularly to the rats to cause selective degeneration of tryptaminergic, noradrenergic or dopaminergic neurons.
The results show that plasma corticosterone levels and the rate of synthesis of corticosterone were significantly decreased after selective degeneration of tryptaminergic neurons in unstressed rats. After selective degeneration of either tryptaminergic or noradrenergic neurons, the acute increase in the plasma corticosterone levels and rate of synthesis of corticosterone in vitro by adrenal glands in stressed rats were significantly inhibited. These results have been interpreted to suggest that the central tonic control on adrenal glands may be 5-HT mediated and that during stress ACTH secretion may be both 5-HT and NA mediated. DA does not seem to have significant role in the regulation of ACTH secretion.
Secretion rates of thyroxine, triiodothyronine, and reverse triiodothyronine in man during surgery
Authors: Tegler Lennart , Gillquist Jan , Lindvall Roland , Almqvist Sven 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
The secretion rates of T4, T3, and rT3 were studied in experiments of short duration by a new method based on determinations of the hormone difference across the thyroid combined with simultaneous electromagnetic thyroid blood flowmetry during surgery in 70 euthyroid patients.
The secretion rate of T3 was similar in normal thyroid tissue and nodular goitre, but those of T4 and rT3 were lower in nodular goitre and solitary adenoma (P < 0.05). In 61 patients with normal thyroid tissue or nodular goitre the secretion rates during surgery (mean ± sem) were for T4 222 ± 28 nmol/day, for T3 27.4 ± 3.1 nmol/day, and for rT3 3.5 ± 0.5 nmol/day. In relation to the individual T4 secretion rate, the secretion rate of T3 was 12.5 ± 3.0% and that of rT3 1.2 ± 0.9%.
In these short-term experiments we found a secretion rate for T4 during operation about 50% greater than in earlier long-term kinetic studies, but which tallied with a recent report using a 4-compartment model. For T3 and rT3 it was 2–3 times greater than earlier estimates. The secretion was estimated to be 50% of the total production rate for T3 and 6% for rT3. If proportional adjustment were performed to yield a T4 secretion of about 130 nmol/day, T3 and rT3 secretion rates would still be greater than earlier reported.
Growth and maturation in pseudo-hypoparathyroidism; a longitudinal study in 5 patients
Authors: de Wijn E. M. , Steendijk R. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
In 4 girls and 1 boy with pseudo-hypoparathyroidism growth and physical maturation were followed longitudinally for 7 – 13 years until adult height had been reached. As a result of early puberty and cessation of growth all patients were relatively shorter as adults than in their childhood years. The difference between average height at the age of 8.0 years and average adult height was 2.25 sd. This observation offers an explanation for the finding in the literature that short stature is more common in adults with this disease than in children. Skeletal age was advanced in all cases and the development of the tubular bones of the hand was more advanced than the development of the round bones. It is possible that this difference resulted from inappropriately early closure of the epiphyseal discs of disproportionally short metacarpals and phalanges. On the other hand it may be an aspecific phenomenon of advanced skeletal maturation.
Serum adrenal androgens in hyperprolactinaemic women prior to, during, and after chronic treatment with bromocriptine
Authors: Evans William S. , Schiebinger Rick J. , Kaiser Donald L. , Nunley Wallace C. , Loriaux D. Lynn , MacLeod Robert M. , Thorner Michael O. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
Conflicting data exist in the literature regarding serum adrenal androgen concentrations in hyperprolactinaemic states and the influence or lack thereof of dopaminergic drugs on the androgens. We carried out a prospective study on 7 hyperprolactinaemic women, none of whom had clinical features commonly associated with elevated androgens. Serum levels of prolactin (Prl), cortisol, androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA) and dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHAS) were measured basally, at 3, 6, and 12 months during chronic bromocriptine therapy, and 2 months following withdrawal of the drug. Prior to bromocriptine therapy, and despite a mean serum Prl of 178 ng/ml, all values of cortisol, androstenedione and DHA were normal as were 6 of 7 DHAS values. During treatment with bromocriptine for 12 months, the mean Prl level dropped into the normal range, but levels of cortisol, androstenedione and DHA remained unchanged. DHAS was significantly lower at 12 months when compared to initial levels but was not significantly different at 3 and 6 months. No significant differences were observed in cortisol or androgens 2 months after termination of the bromocriptine compared to basal levels. A significant correlation was observed between cortisol and both androstenedione (P = 0.0042) and DHA (P = 0.0002) but not with DHAS. A significant correlation was found to exist between Prl and DHAS (P < 0.0001) but not with androstenedione or DHA. Thus, we found normal levels of serum adrenal androgens in 6 of 7 hyperprolactinaemic women, none of whom demonstrated clinical features of the polycystic ovary syndrome. These data suggest: 1) increased basal adrenal androgens in hyperprolactinaemia may not be as common as previously reported; 2) androstenedione and DHA do not correlate with Prl; 3) DHAS is correlated with Prl. Although it appears that DHAS and prolactin concentrations are related, the mechanism underlying this relationship remains uncertain.
Effects of oestradiol on sex hormone binding globulin
Authors: Odlind Viveca , Elamsson Kerstin , Englund Doris E. , Victor Arne , Johansson Elof D. B. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
Sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) levels were studied for possible effects of oestradiol-17β on SHBG. No change in SHBG plasma was recorded during normal menstrual cycles or during treatment with oestradiol-17β to menopausal women. However, gonadotrophin treatment to amenorrhoeic women to induce ovulation resulted in high oestradiol concentrations and a pronounced increase in SHBG was found during the luteal phase of these cycles. A marked increase of SHBG was also recorded in a woman with pronounced fluctuations of oestradiol during treatment with levonorgestrel sc implants for contraception. In conclusion, effects on SHBG were only found when extraordinarily high levels of plasma oestradiol were recorded.
A gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist inhibits GnRH- but not LH-induced meiosis in follicle-enclosed rat oocytes in vitro
Authors: Ekholm C. , Hillensjö T. , Le Maire W. J. , Magnusson C. , Rani C. S. Sheela 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
Previous studies have shown that gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) can induce resumption of meiosis in follicle-enclosed rat oocytes. In the present study a GnRH antagonistic analogue ([d-pGlul, d-Phe2,-d-Trp3,6]LRF) was found to effectively abolish the stimulatory effect of a GnRH agonist upon resumption of meiosis and lactate accumulation in isolated pre-ovulatory rat follicles but the have no effect on LH stimulation of these parameters. It is concluded that although LH and GnRH can evoke a similar response they act through separate receptor sites and that it is unlikely that GnRH mediates the effect of LH on meiosis or glycolysis.
Increase of ovarian progesterone secretion by β2-adrenergic stimulation in oestrous rats
Authors: Zsolnai Béla , Varga Bertalan , Horváth Edit 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
Oestrous rats were anaesthetized with pentobarbital and one of the femoral arteries, femoral veins and utero-ovarian veins were cannulated. Five min blood fractions were collected from the ovary for 50 min. Following two control fractions fenoterol, noradrenaline, isoproterenol (0.5 μg/min) or 0.9% NaCl (0.02 ml/min) were infused iv for 40 min. In a group of oestrous animals fenoterol was given locally to the ovarian bursa. Blood pressure and the ovarian venous outflow were continuously recorded and blood levels of progesterone (P) and oestradiol-17β (E2) were determined by RIA.
Fenoterol administered iv increased P secretion without altering ovarian blood flow, whereas noradrenaline and isoproterenol had no effect on P secretion. Fenoterol administered locally stimulated both P and E2 secretion, and this was prevented by iv infusion of propranolol.
It is suggested that ovarian β2-adrenergic receptors have a regulatory role in ovarian hormone secretion.
Progesterone facilitates the LRH releasing action of oestrogen
Authors: Miyake A. , Tasaka K. , Kawamura Y. , Sakumoto T. , Aono T. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
The effects of progesterone (P) on the release of LRH and LH were examined in a sequential double chamber superfusion system by superfusing the medial basal hypothalamus (MBH) and/or pituitaries excised randomly from cycling female rats. Addition of 10 μl of 10−6 m oestradiol (E2) to the first chamber resulted in a gradual and significant (60–160%) increase in LH release above the pre-injection level from the pituitary in series with MBH. Administration of 10−8 m P after 10−6 m E2 caused a prompt and marked increase (300%) of LH (P < 0.05), whereas 10−8 m P alone had no effect. Administration of 10−6 m E2, 10−8 m P or E2 plus P did not significantly change LH secretion from the pituitary superfused alone. The concentration of LRH in the efflux was significantly increased (150–200%) 150 min after 10−6 m E2 administration. P administration after E2 injection produced a prompt and significant increase of LRH and the increase of LRH (300–600%) was 2–3-fold that produced by E2. P alone had no effect. These data clearly indicate that P enhances E2-induced LH release by increasing LRH secretion from the MBH.
Hypothyroidism following subacute thyroiditis
Authors: Tikkanen Matti J. , Lamberg B.-A. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
The occurrence of permanent overt or subclinical hypothyroidism following subacute thyroiditis (SAT) was studied in 32 patients during 0.75–13 years (mean 4.2 years) of follow-up. Permanent hypothyroidism developed in 2 patients in whom a characteristic feature was persistence of circulating thyroid antibodies in high titres from the onset of SAT indicating the presence of autoimmune thyroiditis. One also showed cytological evidence of autoimmune thyroiditis. In another patient subclinical hypothyroidism demonstrated by an exaggerated TSH-response to TRH, persisted after hemithyroidectomy during the acute phase. In addition, transient overt hypothyroidism developed immediately after the acute phase in 3, and subclinical hypothyroidism in 2 patients. Apart from the 2 patients with evidence of autoimmune thyroiditis, circulating thyroid antibodies were found in 15 others. The titres were usually low and disappeared in most cases after a transient rise. It is concluded that permanent hypothyroidism is likely to develop after SAT only in the presence of autoimmune thyroiditis or after thyroid surgery.
Suppressor T lymphocyte function in Graves' disease
Authors: Hallengren Bengt , Forsgren Arne 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
To explore suppressor T lymphocyte function in Graves' disease, studies were performed in one group of patients in the hyperthyroid state and in another group in the euthyroid state after treatment. Peripheral blood lymphocytes were cultured for 1–7 days., Pokeweed mitogen (PWM; 1.25 μg/ml) was added at the initiation of the cultures or after 24 h. The degree of lymphocyte activation was assessed by measurements of the cellular uptake of [3H]thymidine and expressed in counts per minute (cpm). The suppressor lymphocyte function was estimated by a quotient between the maximum cpm values from cultures with and without pre-incubation.
For the hyperthyroid group (n = 15) the quotient was 1.00 ± 0.07 (mean ± sem), for the euthyroid patient group (n = 21) 1.12 ± 0.05 and for the healthy control group (n = 21) 1.37 ± 0.08. There was a significant difference between the quotients for the control group and the hyperthyroid (P < 0.01) as well as the euthyroid (P < 0.05) patient group. The quotients for the two groups of patients did not differ significantly.
In conclusion, the present study supports the view of a defect in suppressor T lymphocyte function in patients with Graves' disease in the hyperthyroid state and indicates that this defect can persist in the euthyroid state after treatment.
Mast cell hyperplasia during goitrogen - induced thyroid growth — a quantitative study
Authors: Wynford-Thomas D. , Stringer B. M. J. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
This paper describes the effect of long-term goitrogen-administration on the mast cell population of the rat thyroid. Animals were treated with the goitrogen aminotriazole at a dose sufficient to block thyroid hormone synthesis completely, and compared after 80 days with a control group. Serum TSH was measured by radioimmunoassay, and mast cell number quantified from specially-stained tissue sections using appropriate stereological methods.
Goitrogen treatment led to a 9-fold increase in serum TSH and an 8-fold increase in thyroid weight. Mast cell number per unit volume of thyroid decreased, but total numbers per gland increased 4 to 5 fold. There was a significant fall in mean mast cell size.
The work demonstrates conclusively that mast cell hyperplasia occurs during goitre formation and provides a method for its quantitative assessment.
The possible mechanisms and significance of thyroid mast cell proliferation are discussed.