bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hypersalivation in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
Authors: Shah Jagdish , Zhai Huifang , Fuerst Darren , Watson Craig 
Published: March 2006

Summary:  Purpose: We sought to determine whether hypersalivation helps lateralize seizure onset during complex partial seizures of temporal lobe origin. Several clinical signs, which help lateralize seizure onset, have been reported in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Increased salivation only occasionally has been reported as a manifestation of partial epilepsy. Methods: Of 590 consecutive patients admitted for video‐EEG monitoring, either as a part of a presurgical evaluation of medically intractable epilepsy or for diagnosis and clarification of their paroxysmal symptoms, we identified 10 patients with ictal hypersalivation as a prominent manifestation of complex partial seizures. We reviewed the clinical features, scalp‐sphenoidal video‐EEG monitoring, intracarotid amytal (Wada) testing, hippocampal volumetric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and fluorodeoxyglucose–positron emission tomography (FDG‐PET) scans of these patients. Results: Of the 10 patients with ictal hypersalivation, seven patients had nondominant/right TLE, and three patients had dominant/left TLE. All patients had hippocampal atrophy on volumetric MRI. Eight of the 10 patients underwent standard temporal lobectomy with amygdalohippocampectomy (six right, two left). All of the operated‐on patients had a seizure‐free (Engel class I) outcome, and their increased salivation resolved. Two patients, who did not undergo surgical treatment, continue to have complex partial seizures with increased salivation. Conclusions: We conclude that increased salivation as a prominent ictal finding in complex partial seizures of temporal lobe origin is more likely to be of nondominant temporal lobe origin. Further studies with larger numbers of patients are needed to replicate this finding.
Functional Analysis of Cav3.2 T‐type Calcium Channel Mutations Linked to Childhood Absence Epilepsy
Authors: Peloquin Jean B. , Khosravani Houman , Barr Wendy , Bladen Chris , Evans Rhian , Mezeyova Janette , Parker David , Snutch Terrance P. , McRory John E. , Zamponi Gerald W. 
Published: March 2006

Summary:  Purpose: Childhood absence epilepsy (CAE) is an idiopathic form of seizure disorder that is believed to have a genetic basis. Methods: We examined the biophysical consequences of seven mutations in the Cav3.2 T‐type calcium channel gene linked to CAE. Results: Of the channel variants examined, one of the mutants, a replacement of glycine 848 in the domain II‐S2 region with serine, resulted in significant slowing of the time courses of both activation and inactivation across a wide range of membrane potentials. These changes are consistent with increased channel activity in response to prolonged membrane depolarizations. Conclusions: Taken together, these findings suggest that such little changes in channel gating may contribute to the etiology of CAE.
Depression assessed over 1‐year survival in patients with myocardial infarction
Authors: Sørensen C. , Brandes A. , Hendricks O. , Thrane J. , Friis‐Hasché E. , Haghfelt T. , Bech P. 
Published: March 2006

Objective:  To estimate the prevalence of ICD‐10 depression using a self‐reported questionnaire and to examine if depression is associated with increased 1‐year mortality in patients with myocardial infarction (MI).Method:  In total, 763 MI‐patients completed the Major Depression Inventory at discharge. Information from hospital notes was collected and patients were followed 1 year for re‐admission and mortality through national registries.Results:  Seventy‐three patients (9.6%) were depressed at discharge. Depression was not a significant independent predictor of mortality; however, there was a significant trend for increasing mortality with increasing severity of the depressive state (P = 0.028). All mortality among depressed patients was in patients with non‐Q‐wave infarction.Conclusion:  Ten per cent of MI‐patients fulfilled diagnostic criteria for depression at discharge. There was a significant trend for increasing mortality with increasing severity of the depressive episode. All mortality among depressed patients was seen in patients with non‐Q‐wave infarction. These findings indicate future studies in selected subgroups of MI‐patients.
Oculocutaneous albinism with TYRP1 gene mutations in a Caucasian patient
Authors: Rooryck Caroline , Roudaut Christel , Robine Eulalie , Müsebeck Jörg , Arveiler Benoît 
Published: March 2006

SummaryNon‐syndromic oculocutaneous albinism (OCA) is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous autosomal recessive disorder with mutations identified in several genes: OCA1 (tyrosinase, TYR), OCA2 (OCA2), OCA3 (tyrosinase‐related protein 1, TYRP1), and OCA4 (membrane‐associated transporter protein, MATP). OCA3 was thought to be restricted to black populations, where it was clinically described as rufous or brown albinism, until the recent report of a homozygous TYRP1 mutation in Caucasian patients from a consanguineous Pakistani family. Here, we describe a German patient of Caucasian origin, with a light‐yellow skin, yellow‐gold hair with orange highlights, fair eyelashes, several pigmented naevi, and no tendency to tan, only to burn. Eye‐colour is blue‐green with substance defects of the iris. Molecular analysis did not reveal any mutation in the TYR and OCA2 genes. Two mutations were found in the TYRP1 gene: a missense mutation (c.1066G>A/p.Arg356Glu) that was inherited from the mother, and a de novo single‐base deletion (c.106delT/p.Leu36X). This finding suggests that mutation screening should be extended to the TYRP1 gene in patients from all ethnic origins, at least in cases where no mutations have been identified in the other OCA genes.
A polymorphism in the agouti signalling protein (ASIP) is associated with decreased levels of mRNA
Authors: Voisey J. , Gomez‐Cabrera M. del C. , Smit D. J. , Leonard J. H. , Sturm R. A. , Van Daal A. 
Published: March 2006

SummaryTo date, a role for agouti signalling protein (ASIP) in human pigmentation has not been well characterized. It is known that agouti plays a pivotal role in the pigment switch from the dark eumelanin to the light pheomelanin in the mouse. However, because humans do not have an agouti banded hair pattern, its role in human pigmentation has been questioned. We previously identified a single polymorphism in the 3′‐untranslated region (UTR) of ASIP that was found at a higher frequency in African‐Americans compared with other population groups. To compare allele frequencies between European‐Australians and indigenous Australians, the g.8818A → G polymorphism was genotyped. Significant differences were seen in allele frequencies between these groups (P < 0.0001) with carriage of the G allele highest in Australian Aborigines. In the Caucasian sample set a strong association was observed between the G allele and dark hair colour (P = 0.004) (odds ratio 4.6; 95% CI 1.4–15.27). The functional consequences of this polymorphism are not known but it was postulated that it might result in message instability and premature degradation of the transcript. To test this hypothesis, ASIP mRNA levels were quantified in melanocytes carrying the variant and non‐variant alleles. Using quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction the mean ASIP mRNA ratio of the AA genotype to the AG genotype was 12 (P < 0.05). This study suggests that the 3′‐UTR polymorphism results in decreased levels of ASIP and therefore less pheomelanin production.
CHANGES IN QUALITY OF CHICKEN CURRY DURING FROZEN STORAGE
Authors: MODI V.K. , SACHINDRA N.M. , SATHISHA A.D. , MAHENDRAKAR N.S. , NARASIMHA RAO D. 
Published: March 2006

ABSTRACT Chicken curry, a popular traditional Indian recipe, was prepared by using deboned broiler meat chunks and spices. The product containing both meat chunks and gravy (1.0:2.5) was packed in polyethylene pouches, placed in waxed cartons and frozen and stored at −18 ± 2C for 6 months. During frozen storage, the free fatty acid (FFA) values (as percentage oleic acid) and thiobarbituric acid (TBA) values (mg malonaldehyde/kg sample) increased in both meat and gravy. Meat and gravy pH were in the range of 5.7–6.0. Marginal decreases in shear force values (34.5–30.0 N) for meat and in viscosity values (199.4–141.6 mP) for gravy were also observed. Similarly, the changes in Hunter color (L*, a*, b*) values were also marginal. Standard plate counts (SPC), spore counts and psychrophilic counts (log cfu/g) were 4.5, 2.2 and 2.1, respectively, in freshly prepared product and on storage for 6 months at −18 ± 2C, the corresponding counts were 2.3, 2.4 and 1.6, indicating that the product was microbiologically safe. Sensory scores indicated the ready‐to‐use chicken curry was acceptable after storage at −18 ± 2C for 6 months.
Extremely Alkaline (pH > 12) Ground Water Hosts Diverse Microbial Community
Authors: Roadcap George S. , Sanford Robert A. , Jin Qusheng , Pardinas José R. , Bethke Craig M. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractChemically unusual ground water can provide an environment for novel communities of bacteria to develop. Here, we describe a diverse microbial community that inhabits extremely alkaline (pH > 12) ground water from the Lake Calumet area of Chicago, Illinois, where historic dumping of steel slag has filled in a wetland. Using microbial 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid gene sequencing and microcosm experiments, we confirmed the presence and growth of a variety of alkaliphilic β‐Proteobacteria, Bacillus, and Clostridium species at pH up to 13.2. Many of the bacterial sequences most closely matched those of other alkaliphiles found in more moderately alkaline water around the world. Oxidation of dihydrogen produced by reaction of water with steel slag is likely a primary energy source to the community. The widespread occurrence of iron‐oxidizing bacteria suggests that reduced iron serves as an additional energy source. These results extend upward the known range of pH tolerance for a microbial community by as much as 2 pH units. The community may provide a source of novel microbes and enzymes that can be exploited under alkaline conditions.
The influence of habitat patch attributes on coyote group size and interaction in a fragmented landscape
Authors: Atwood Todd C 
Published: March 2006

From February 2000 to January 2002, I investigated correlates of landscape fragmentation with coyote (Canis latrans Say, 1823) group size and resulting effects on within-group spatial interaction in west-central Indiana, USA, to determine whether habitat patch dispersion and attributes mediated group maintenance and persistence. Twenty-one radio-collared coyotes were assigned to 15 social groups; group territories were then classified as having dispersed (n = 10) or aggregated (n = 5) resource patches. Group size was larger in territories with aggregated patches and was directly correlated to forest area and inversely correlated to corridor area (top-ranked model: group size = β0+ forest area – corridor area; AICc = –2.12, ΔAICc = 0.0, ωi = 0.67). Territories with aggregated patches had proportionally more forest (mean = 0.41, SE = 0.02) and less corridor (mean = 0.01, SE = 0.002) habitats than territories with dispersed patches (forest area: mean = 0.11, SE = 0.01; corridor area: mean = 0.03, SE = 0.002). Within-group spatial interaction was not influenced by patch dispersion. I suggest that differences in territory and group sizes relative to patch dispersion reflect the complex combination of environmental pressures present in human-dominated landscapes and their potential to perturb canid social organization.
High-Density Lipoproteins Enhance Progenitor-Mediated Endothelium Repair in Mice
Authors: Tso Colin , Martinic Gary , Fan Wen-Hua , Rogers Campbell , Rye Kerry-Anne , Barter Philip J. 
Published: March 2006

Objective—We quantified endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) engraftment into the endothelial layer as an index of progenitor-mediated endothelial repair. Studies were conducted in C57BL/6J and in apolipoprotein E–deficient (apoE−/−) mice. We also investigated the possibility that high-density lipoproteins (HDL) may promote progenitor-mediated endothelial repair.Methods and Results—Thoracic aortic sections from C57BL/6J and apoE−/−mice were analyzed for evidence of progenitor-derived endothelium as determined by the number of stem cell antigen-1–positive (Sca-1+) cells in the endothelial layer. EPCs (Sca-1+ cells) were significantly increased after endothelial damage induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration in C57BL/6J mice. The number of EPCs was greater in the aortic endothelium of untreated apoE−/−than in untreated C57BL/6J mice and was similar to the number observed in LPS-treated C57BL/6J mice. The number of EPCs in the aortic endothelium of apoE−/−mice more than doubled after intravenous infusion of reconstituted HDL.Conclusions—EPCs are recruited into the aortic endothelial layer of mice in response to an inflammatory insult. EPCs are also increased in the aortic endothelium of untreated apoE−/−mice. The observation that number is further increased in apoE−/−mice after injection of HDL suggests a role for HDL in promoting progenitor-mediated endothelial repair.
Bayesian Multiple Changepoint Analysis of Hurricane Activity in the Eastern North Pacific: A Markov Chain Monte Carlo Approach
Authors: Zhao Xin , Chu Pao-Shin 
Published: March 2006

AbstractA Bayesian framework is developed to detect multiple abrupt shifts in a time series of the annual major hurricanes counts. The hurricane counts are modeled by a Poisson process where the Poisson intensity (i.e., hurricane rate) is codified by a gamma distribution. Here, a triple hypothesis space concerning the annual hurricane rate is considered: “a no change in the rate,” “a single change in the rate,” and “a double change in the rate.” A hierarchical Bayesian approach involving three layers—data, parameter, and hypothesis—is formulated to demonstrate the posterior probability of each possible hypothesis and its relevant model parameters through a Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method.Based on sampling from an estimated informative prior for the Poisson rate parameters and the posterior distribution of hypotheses, two simulated examples are illustrated to show the effectiveness of the proposed method. Subsequently, the methodology is applied to the time series of major hurricane counts over the eastern North Pacific (ENP). Results indicate that the hurricane activity over ENP has very likely undergone a decadal variation with two changepoints occurring around 1982 and 1999 with three epochs characterized by the inactive 1972–81 epoch, the active 1982–98 epoch, and the inactive 1999–2003 epoch. The Bayesian method also provides a means for predicting decadal major hurricane variations. A lower number of major hurricanes are predicted for the next decade given the recent inactive period of hurricane activity.
The Probability Distribution of Sea Surface Wind Speeds. Part II: Dataset Intercomparison and Seasonal Variability
Authors: Monahan Adam Hugh 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
The statistical structure of sea surface wind speeds is considered, both in terms of the leading-order moments (mean, standard deviation, and skewness) and in terms of the parameters of a best-fit Weibull distribution. An intercomparison is made of the statistical structure of sea surface wind speed data from four different datasets: SeaWinds scatterometer observations, a blend of Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I) satellite observations with ECMWF analyses, and two reanalysis products [NCEP–NCAR and 40-yr ECMWF Re-Analysis (ERA-40)]. It is found that while the details of the statistical structure of sea surface wind speeds differs between the datasets, the leading-order features of the distributions are consistent. In particular, it is found in all datasets that the skewness of the wind speed is a concave upward function of the ratio of the mean wind speed to its standard deviation, such that the skewness is positive where the ratio is relatively small (such as over the extratropical Northern Hemisphere), the skewness is close to zero where the ratio is intermediate (such as the Southern Ocean), and the skewness is negative where the ratio is relatively large (such as the equatorward flank of the subtropical highs). This relationship between moments is also found in buoy observations of sea surface winds. In addition, the seasonal evolution of the probability distribution of sea surface wind speeds is characterized. It is found that the statistical structure on seasonal time scales shares the relationships between moments characteristic of the year-round data. Furthermore, the seasonal data are shown to depart from Weibull behavior in the same fashion as the year-round data, indicating that non-Weibull structure in the year-round data does not arise due to seasonal nonstationarity in the parameters of a strictly Weibull time series.
Climatology of Barrier Jets along the Alaskan Coast. Part I: Spatial and Temporal Distributions
Authors: Loescher Kenneth A. , Young George S. , Colle Brian A. , Winstead Nathaniel S. 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
This paper investigates the temporal and spatial climatology of coastal barrier jets in the Gulf of Alaska. The jets are divided into two categories based upon the origin of the air involved: “classic” barrier jets fed primarily by onshore flow and “hybrid” jets fed primarily by gap flow from the continental interior. The analyses are compiled from five years (1998–2003) of synthetic aperture radar images from the Radarsat-1 satellite totaling 3000 images. Thermodynamic and kinematic data from the NCEP reanalysis is used in the interpretation of the results.
The majority of coastal barrier jets occur during the cool season, with the coastline near Mount Fairweather and the Valdez–Cordova mountains experiencing the greatest number of barrier jets. Hybrid jets are even more strongly restricted to the cool season and are commonly found to the west of Cross Sound, Yakutat Bay, and Icy Bay. Some interannual variability in the total number of jets is observed.
Coastal barrier jet formation is associated with onshore wind directions and maximum terrain heights exceeding 2 km within 100 km of the coast, features that support low-level flow blocking. Hybrid jet formation requires the additional condition of an abnormally large offshore-directed pressure gradient force.
Half of the barrier and hybrid jets exhibit surface wind speeds in excess of 20 m s−1 (strong gale), although their widths are typically less than 100 km. The maximum speed of both types of jet tends to be 2–3 times that of the ambient synoptic flow. A small percentage of the jets detach from the coastline, with the typical detachment distance being 10 km.
Climatology of Barrier Jets along the Alaskan Coast. Part II: Large-Scale and Sounding Composites
Authors: Colle Brian A. , Loescher Kenneth A. , Young George S. , Winstead Nathaniel S. 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
This paper investigates the large-scale flow and thermodynamic structures associated with barrier jets along the Alaskan coast using the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) reanalysis, as well as the average wind, moisture, and thermodynamic soundings at Yakutat, Alaska (YAK), and Whitehorse, Yukon Territory, Canada (YXY). Large-scale and sounding composites are constructed for all barrier jets objectively identified around YAK using synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery during the cool and warm seasons of 1998–2003. During the cool season the jet events are separated into those with sharp upstream wind gradients (shock jets), highly variable (“gustlike”) surface winds (variable jets), and the other jet events (other jets).
Those cool season barrier jets without shock or variable characteristics are associated with an anomalously deep upper-level trough approaching the Gulf of Alaska and an anomalous ridge over western Canada and interior Alaska. The associated surface cyclone and surface ridging result in strong low-level southerlies over southeast Alaska and the advection of 850-mb warm anomalies northward from the subtropics to Alaska. In contrast, the shock events have significant cold anomalies at 850 mb over the interior, while both the shock and variable jets have less upper-level ridging over the interior. The warm season other-jet composite is similar to that for the cool season, except that an 850-mb cool anomaly develops near the coast and the approaching upper-level trough is not significantly deeper than climatology.
The sounding composite at YAK of the other-jet type during the cool season is more stable, moist, and slightly cooler at lower levels than the nonjet events. The largest low-level cool, dry, and high stability anomalies are for the shock events at YAK and YXY, which suggests that this cold and dry air source over the interior is an important ingredient for the development of sharp frontlike boundaries to the barrier jet. In contrast, the variable jets have weaker low-level stability, which favors the subsequent mixing of higher momentum to the surface in localized areas. The warm season jets also have cooler lower levels than those for the nonjet events, but the lower levels are nearly well mixed with little stratification, especially over the interior.
Terrain Influences on Synoptic Storm Structure and Mesoscale Precipitation Distribution during IPEX IOP3
Authors: Shafer Jason C. , Steenburgh W. James , Cox Justin A. W. , Monteverdi John P. 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
The influence of topography on the evolution of a winter storm over the western United States and distribution of precipitation over northern Utah are examined using data collected during the third intensive observing period (IOP3) of the Intermountain Precipitation Experiment (IPEX). The analysis is based on high-density surface observations collected by the MesoWest cooperative networks, special radiosonde observations, wind profiler observations, Next-Generation Weather Radar (NEXRAD) data, and conventional data. A complex storm evolution was observed, beginning with frontal distortion and low-level frontolysis as a surface occluded front approached the Sierra Nevada. As the low-level occluded front weakened, the associated upper-level trough moved over the Sierra Nevada and overtook a lee trough. The upper-level trough, which was forward sloping and featured more dramatic moisture than temperature gradients, then moved across Nevada with a weak surface reflection as a pressure trough.
Over northern Utah, detailed observations revealed the existence of a midlevel trough beneath the forward-sloping upper-level trough. This midlevel trough appeared to form along a high-potential-vorticity banner that developed over the southern Sierra Nevada and moved downstream over northern Utah. A surface trough moved over northern Utah 3 h after the midlevel trough and delineated two storm periods. Ahead of the surface trough, orographic precipitation processes dominated and produced enhanced mountain precipitation. This period also featured lowland precipitation enhancement upstream of the northern Wasatch Mountains where a windward convergence zone was present. Precipitation behind the surface trough was initially dominated by orographic processes, but soon thereafter featured convective precipitation that was not fixed to the terrain. Processes responsible for the complex vertical trough structure and precipitation distribution over northern Utah are discussed.