bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
(Non)Compliance with directives among family and friends: Responding to social pressure and individual wants
Authors: Placencia María Elena 
Published: August 2008

Abstract
This study explores how middle-class Quiteños respond to certain convivial directives among family and friends that they are unable or unwilling to comply with. It examines some of the strategies which Quiteños employ to deal with the tensions that can arise from two conflicting forces: social pressure and individual wants. Close ties among family members and intimate friends often make refusals to certain directives difficult, so that people feel obliged to comply because of el compromiso (social) (i.e., the obligation that relations of kin or friendship impose). On the other hand, when there is less closeness, token acceptances and avoidance strategies may be employed for face-saving purposes. Both sets of behavior (compliance and non-compliance) are interpreted in terms of the underlying interpersonal ideology of connectedness (Fitch 1998) that seems to operate in Quiteño society. Within this ideology, relationships can take precedence over the individual's o
.wn desires; if however, the bonds are less strong, people find ways of responding to social pressure without actually acting contrary to their own wishes.
The Effects of Derelict Blue Crab Traps on Marine Organisms in the Lower York River, Virginia
Authors: Havens Kirk J. , Bilkovic Donna Marie , Stanhope Dave , Angstadt Kory , Hershner Carl 
Published: August 2008

Abstract
Derelict (abandoned or lost) traps targeting blue crab Callinectes sapidus have the potential to affect the blue crab fishery and other marine-oriented species. We used side-scan sonar to locate derelict traps and assess their extent and accumulation rate. Experimental traps were monitored at four locations to calculate catch rates of marine organisms and trap degradation rates. In 2006, 635–676 derelict traps were identified in a 33.5-km2 area of the lower York River in Virginia's portion of the Chesapeake Bay. Trap loss rates are estimated at 30%, resulting in the potential addition of over 100,000 traps annually to the Chesapeake Bay derelict trap population in Virginia. The top four species captured in the experimental traps were blue crab, Atlantic croaker Micropogonias undulates, oyster toadfish Opsanus tau, and white perch Morone americana. Experimental derelict traps captured 50.6 blue crabs·trap−1·season−1 during April–November 2006 and 13.6 Atlantic croakers·trap−1·season−1 during May–August 2006. There was no difference in catch rates between traps of different ages. Baiting traps to simulate entrapped fish (self-baiting) doubled the catch rate. Experimental derelict traps continued to capture organisms for at least 1 year, which suggests that derelict traps could affect blue crab populations.
Distribution, Status, and Land Use Characteristics of Subwatersheds within the Native Range of Brook Trout in the Eastern United States
Authors: Hudy Mark , Thieling Teresa M. , Gillespie Nathaniel , Smith Eric P. 
Published: August 2008

Abstract
We examined and summarized existing knowledge regarding the distribution and status of self-sustaining populations of brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis at the subwatershed scale (mean subwatershed area = 8,972 ha) across their native range in the eastern USA. This region represents approximately 25% of the species' entire native range and 70% of the U.S. portion of the native range. This assessment resulted in an updated and detailed range map of historical and current brook trout distribution in the study area. Based on known and predicted brook trout status, each subwatershed was classified according to the percentage of historical brook trout habitat that still maintained self-sustaining populations. We identified 1,660 subwatersheds (31%) in which over 50% of brook trout habitat was intact; 1,859 subwatersheds (35%) in which less than 50% of brook trout habitat was intact; 1,482 subwatersheds (28%) from which self-sustaining populations were extirpated; and 278 subwatersheds (5%) where brook trout were absent but the explanation for the absence was unknown (i.e., either extirpation from or a lack of historical occurrence in those subwatersheds). A classification and regression tree using five core subwatershed metrics (percent total forest, sulfate and nitrate deposition, percent mixed forest in the water corridor, percent agriculture, and road density) was a useful predictor of brook trout distribution and status, producing an overall correct classification rate of 71%. Among the intact subwatersheds, 94% had forested lands encompassing over 68% of the land base. Continued habitat loss from land use practices and the presence of naturalized exotic fishes threaten the remaining brook trout populations. The distribution of brook trout subwatershed status and related threshold metrics can be used for risk assessment and prioritization of conservation efforts.
Removal of Calcein in Wastewater Produced from the Batch Marking of Fish
Authors: Mohler Jerre W. , Bradley Kelly M. 
Published: August 2008

Abstract
The fluorochrome dye known as calcein (trade name SE-MARK; Western Chemical, Ferndale, Washington) is currently being tested to determine its utility for creating lethally and nonlethally detectable fluorescent marks on bony tissues of fish via batch immersion. The work is being done under an Investigational New Animal Drug (INAD) exemption granted by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. However, conditions set forth in the INAD prohibit discharge of waste calcein solution from hatchery facilities, making calcein impractical for marking otoliths in certain fish (e.g., larval American shad Alosa sapidissima) due to the large volumes of wastewater created from the marking process. We performed simple laboratory tests that demonstrated the efficiency of activated carbon for removing the dye from solution; we also developed an adsorptive capacity model at calcein concentrations of 125 and 250 mg/L. Evaluation of a treatment column and a batch-type treatment showed that 7.3 and 6.6 g of carbon/L of used marking solution effectively removed the dye from 125- and 250-mg/L calcein solutions, respectively. We report that activated carbon treatment provides a practical means of eliminating calcein dye from used marking solutions. This treatment technique facilitates expanded use of SE-MARK by fisheries managers as a tool that can be used alone or in conjunction with oxytetracycline to produce unique marks in groups of fish.
43.1: Invited Paper: Active‐Matrix Field‐Emitter Arrays for the Next‐Generation FEDs
Authors: Itoh J. , Kanemaru S. , Matsukawa T. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractA new field‐emitter‐array (FEA) was developed based on Si‐MOSFET technology. The FEA has a tri‐gate MOSFET structure with a microtip made just on the drain and is addressable in active‐matrix mode with low voltage signals. Its principle, performances and possibility for monolithic integration with various circuits such as memories and drivers will be presented.
Antagonistic Effects of Trichoderma Species in Biocontrol of Armillaria Mellea in Fruit Trees in Iran
Authors: Asef Mohammad , Goltapeh Ebrahim , Danesh Younes 
Published: August 2008

Antagonistic Effects ofTrichodermaSpecies in Biocontrol ofArmillaria Melleain Fruit Trees in IranRoot and butt rot caused by species ofArmillariais one of the most serious diseases of fruit and forest trees in Iran. In this study, antagonistic effects ofTrichodermain biocontrol ofArmillariawere investigated.Armillaria melleawas isolated from infected roots and butts of cherry and almond trees and identified with pairing tests method.Trichodermaspecies were recovered from rhizomorphs and around soil ofArmillariainfected roots.Trichodermaspecies identified wereT. virens(nine isolates) andT. harzianum(three isolates).Trichodermadiscs were placed onto cultures ofArmillariato study antagonistic effects. All isolates ofTrichodermacolonizedArmillariacolonies within 5-7 days. Volatile compounds ofTrichodermaisolates inhibitedArmillariacolony growth and rhizomorph formation. Mechanisms of biocontrol were investigated by light and scanning electron microscopy, these included penetration ofTrichodermahyphae in rhizomorphs, colonization of rhizomorphs byTrichodermamycelia, colonization of apex meristemic center and apical buds of rhizomorphs, sporulation ofTrichodermain outer and inner surface of rhizomorphs, degeneration and lysis of rhizomorph tissue, and discharge of rhizomorph content.
Gait Variability in Older Adults: Observational Rating Validated by Comparison With a Computerized Walkway Gold Standard
Authors: Huang Wen-Ni Wennie , VanSwearingen Jessie M , Brach Jennifer S 
Published: August 2008

Background and Purpose
Gait variability has been measured with computerized technology–intensive techniques, which are not practical in clinical settings. The purpose of this study was to validate an observational rating of gait variability for routine clinical practice.

Subjects
Community-dwelling older adults aged 65 years and older (n=46; mean age=81.2 years, SD=6.8 years, range=66–91 years) participated in this study.

Methods
The standard deviation of stance time (stance time variability) derived from gait characteristics recorded by use of a computerized walkway was used as the gold standard for gait variability. The validity of the diagnostic test evaluated in this study (an observational rating of gait variability) was determined by comparison with the quantitative measure of stance time variability.

Results
Six validity indexes were defined for the observational rating of gait variability: sensitivity=81%; specificity=53%; positive predictive value=65%; negative predictive value=71%; positive likelihood ratio=1.72; and negative likelihood ratio=0.36.

Discussion and Conclusion
An observational rating of gait variability was validated by comparison with stance time variability derived from a computerized walkway. The concurrent validity of the 2 methods of determining gait variability provides support for the use of the observational rating as an alternative measure of gait variability for the purpose of identifying older adults at risk for mobility disability in clinical settings.
A New Era in Porous Metals: Applications in Orthopaedics
Authors: Levine B. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe development of porous metals and coatings has revolutionized the field of orthopaedics. However, most implants are fabricated utilizing traditional materials (i.e. sintered beads, fiber metal, plasma spray), which have several inherent limitations. Several new porous metals have been recently introduced to improve upon the biomaterial properties of these traditional metals. Tritanium (Stryker, Mahwah, NJ), Regenerex (Biomet, Warsaw, IN), Stiktite (Smith and Nephew, Memphis, TN), and Trabecular Metal (Zimmer, Warsaw, IN) are currently available for use in orthopaedic surgery, all with a characteristic appearance similar to cancellous bone. The open‐cell structure of these materials affords several intriguing properties, including; high volumetric porosity (60–80 %), low modulus of elasticity, and high frictional characteristics. The following represents a review of the biomaterial properties and applications in orthopaedic surgery for this new class of highly porous metals.
Catalytic Asymmetric β‐Peroxidation of Nitroalkenes
Authors: Russo Alessio , Lattanzi Alessandra 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe first example of an asymmetric β‐peroxidation of nitroalkenes is disclosed. The reaction is promoted by catalytic loadings of a commercially available diaryl‐2‐pyrrolidinemethanol derivative and tert‐butyl hydroperoxide as the oxidant. A synthetically useful class of peroxides is obtained in good yield and enantioselectivity (up to 84% ee).
Structure and hydration of the amylopectin trisaccharide building blocks—Synthesis, NMR, and molecular dynamics
Authors: Hansen Peter I. , Larsen Flemming H. , Motawia Saddik M. , Blennow Andreas , Spraul Manfred , Dvortsak Peter , Engelsen Søren B. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractTo gain insight into the molecular details and hydration of amylopectin, the five constituting trisaccharides have been chemically synthesized as their methyl α‐glycosides. All five trisaccharides were subjected to 950 MHz NMR spectroscopy for complete assignment and nanosecond molecular dynamics trajectories were calculated to study the structure and dynamics of the trisaccharides in aqueous solution. Systematic analysis of the simulation data revealed several examples of bridging water molecules playing an important role in the stabilization of specific amylopectin conformations, which was also supported by the experimental NMR data such as interresidue NOE's and heteronuclear scalar couplings between nuclei from neighboring residues. Although α‐maltotriose, α‐iso‐maltotriose, α‐panose and α‐isopanose are relatively well characterized structures, the study also includes one less characterized trisaccharide with the structure αGlcp(1→4)αGlcp(1→6)αGlcp. This trisaccharide, tentatively labelled α‐forkose, is located at the branch point of amylopectin, forking the amylopectin into two strands that align into double‐helical segments. The results show that the conformation of α‐forkose takes a natural bend form which fits well into the structure of the double‐helical segment of amylopectin. As the only trisaccharide in this study the structure of α‐forkose is not significantly influenced by the hydration. In contrast, α‐isopanose takes a restricted, but rather extended form due to an exceptionally strong localized water density. The two homo‐linkage oligomers, α‐maltotriose and α‐iso‐maltotriose, showed to be the most extended and the most flexible trimers, respectively, providing regular structure for crystalline domains and maximum linker flexibility for amorphous domains. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 89: 1179–1193, 2008.This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
Synthesis and Biological Characterisation of Targeted Pro‐Apoptotic Peptide
Authors: Foillard Stéphanie , Jin Zhao‐hui , Garanger Elisabeth , Boturyn Didier , Favrot Marie‐Christine , Coll Jean‐Luc , Dumy Pascal 
Published: August 2008

AbstractWe report herein the synthesis and in vitro assay of new, multimeric RGD‐peptide conjugates for cell‐targeted drug delivery. We generated a peptide scaffold comprising two functional domains, one a tumour blood vessel “homing” motif and the other a programmed cell‐death‐inducing peptide sequence. RGD peptides were selected to direct the molecular conjugate to αVβ3 integrin‐containing tumour cells. The pro‐apoptotic (Lys‐Leu‐Ala‐Lys‐Leu‐Ala‐Lys)2 peptide was found to be nontoxic outside cells, but toxic when internalized into targeted cells as it disrupted the mitochondrial membrane. The synthesis of these targeted pro‐apoptotic conjugates was carried out by assembling three different units (that is, scaffold, RGD units and pro‐apoptotic peptide) through chemoselective ligations. We show that one compound displays significant biological effect in αVβ3 integrin‐containing tumour cells.
0.9‐V CMOS cascode amplifier with body‐driven gain boosting
Authors: Monsurrò Pietro , Pennisi Salvatore , Scotti Giuseppe , Trifiletti Alessandro 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe body‐driven variant of the gain‐boosting technique is here exploited to design a CMOS transconductance amplifier with minimum supply below 1 V. When compared with the conventional gain‐boosting technique, the proposed body‐driven approach reduces the minimum supply requirement by two thresholds in a rail‐to‐rail amplifier exploiting two complementary input stage topologies. Simulations using a 130‐nm process show that a 0.9‐V power supply is adequate for a single‐stage rail‐to‐rail amplifier providing a 56‐dB gain, which is 18 dB higher than that achieved by the same architecture but using the traditional cascoding approach. The main drawbacks are that the solution requires a twin‐tub process and an additional bias section. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
EEG signal compression based on classified signature and envelope vector sets
Authors: Gürkan Hakan , Guz Umit , Yarman B. Siddik 
Published: August 2008

AbstractIn this paper, a novel method to compress electroencephalogram (EEG) signal is proposed. The proposed method is based on the generation process of the classified signature and envelope vector sets (CSEVS), which employs an effectivek‐means clustering algorithm. It is assumed that both the transmitter and the receiver units have the same CSEVS. In this work, on a frame basis, EEG signals are modeled by multiplying only three factors called as classified signature vector, classified envelope vector, and gain coefficient (GC), respectively. In other words, every frame of an EEG signal is represented by two indicesRandKof CSEVS and the GC. EEG signals are reconstructed frame by frame using these numbers in the receiver unit by employing the CSEVS. The proposed method is evaluated by using some evaluation metrics that are commonly used in this area such as root‐mean‐square error, percentage root‐mean‐square difference, and measuring with visual inspection. The performance of the proposed method is also compared with the other methods. It is observed that the proposed method achieves high compression ratios with low‐level reconstruction error while preserving diagnostic information in the reconstructed EEG signal. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Distribution of progesterone receptor immunoreactivity in the midbrain and hindbrain of postnatal rats
Authors: Quadros Princy S. , Schlueter Lisa J. , Wagner Christine K. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractNuclear steroid hormone receptors are powerful transcription factors and therefore have the potential to influence and regulate fundamental processes of neural development. The expression of progesterone receptors (PR) has been described in the developing forebrain of rats and mice, and the mammalian brain may be exposed to significant amounts of progesterone, either from maternal sources and/or de novo synthesis of progesterone from cholesterol within the brain. The present study examined the distribution of PR immunoreactive (PRir) cells within the midbrain and hindbrain of postnatal rats. The results demonstrate that PR is transiently expressed within the first 2 weeks of life in specific motor, sensory and reticular core nuclei as well as within midbrain dopaminergic cell groups such as the substantia nigra and the ventral tegmental area. Additionally, robust PRir was observed in cells of the lower rhombic lip, a transient structure giving rise to precerebellar nuclei. These results suggest that progestins and progesterone receptors may play a fundamental role in the postnatal development of numerous midbrain and hindbrain nuclei, including some areas implicated in human disorders. Additionally, these findings contribute to the increasing evidence that steroid hormones and their receptors influence neural development in a wide range of brain areas, including many not typically associated with reproduction or neuroendocrine function. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol, 2008
Gasdermin D (Gsdmd) is dispensable for mouse intestinal epithelium development
Authors: Fujii Tomoaki , Tamura Masaru , Tanaka Shigekazu , Kato Yoriko , Yamamoto Hiromi , Mizushina Youichi , Shiroishi Toshihiko 
Published: August 2008

AbstractMembers of the novel gene family Gasdermin (Gsdm) are exclusively expressed in a highly tissue‐specific manner in the epithelium of skin and the gastrointestinal tract. Based on their expression patterns and the phenotype of the Gsdma3 spontaneous mutations, it is inferred that the Gsdm family genes are involved in epithelial cell growth and/or differentiations in different tissues. To investigate possible roles of the Gsdm gene family in the development of intestinal tracts, we generated a Gsdmd mutant mouse, which is a solitary member of the Gsdmd subfamily and which is predominantly expressed in the intestinal tract by means of targeted disruption. In the mutant homozygotes, we found no abnormality of intestinal tract morphology. Moreover, in mutant mice, there was normal differentiation of all constituent cell types of the intestinal epithelium. Thus, this study clearly shows that Gsdmd is not essential for development of mouse intestinal tract or epithelial cell differentiation. genesis 46:418–423, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cyano‐, Nitro‐ and Nitrosomethane Derivatives: Structures and Gas‐Phase Acidities
Authors: Brand Harald , Liebman Joel F. , Schulz Axel 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe structures and gas‐phase acidities of resonance‐stabilized methane/methanide derivatives (H[CR1R2R3]/[CR1R2R3]– with R1,2,3 = H, NO2, NO, and CN) have been studied through B3LYP/aug‐cc‐pvTZ computations. The gas‐phase acidities lie in the range 1523–1459 for singly, 1365–1304 for doubly and 1274–1203 kJ mol–1 for triply substituted methane derivatives. In the NO‐substituted methanides, protonation always occurs at the nitroso group, leading to the corresponding oxime. For the cyano‐ and nitromethane derivatives the C–H bonded isomer was found to be the more stable species. For mixed CN/NO2‐substituted methanides, protonation of the nitro group is energetically favourable except for the simplest cyanonitromethanide in which protonation occurred at the central carbon. Significant resonance effects occur in all three classes of methanides (NO2‐, NO‐ and CN‐substituted). However, the magnitude of this effect differs significantly depending on the degree of substitution.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
3‐D Nanoporous Pt Electrode Prepared by a 2‐D UPD Monolayer Process
Authors: Huang Jing‐Fang 
Published: August 2008

AbstractA simple yet effective way is described to fabricate a nanostructured platinum electrode with extra high surface area. The fabrication process is the combination of the UPD monolayer and galvanic displacement in one electrochemical process and it is conducted in one medium and at the ambient temperature without using any toxic or corrosive electrolytes. The porous structure and roughness factor of the nanostructured Pt film can be controlled with the sweeping cycle of cyclic voltammetry (CV) easily. The nanoporous Pt deposit can enhance the response of the detection of glucose significantly and selectively without any enzyme incorporation. It is demonstrated that the nanostructured Pt film serves as a new electrode material in the application of nonenzymatic glucose detection.