bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phase III randomized controlled trial of gefitinib versus chemotherapy in EGFR-positive treatment-naïve metastatic lung cancer: Long-term outcome after eight years
Authors: Singh Ajaykumar , Patil Vijay , Menon Nandini , More Sucheta , Jain Srushti , Goud Supriya , Shah Darshit , Shah Minit , Jobanputra Kunal , Ubharay Ahmad 
Published: March 2024

Background:
This was the first Phase III randomized study comparing an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), gefitinib, to standard-of-care chemotherapy (pemetrexed + carboplatin followed by pemetrexed maintenance) in advanced EGFR-mutated lung cancer. The initial interim analysis showed the superiority of gefitinib over chemotherapy in terms of progression-free survival (PFS), objective response rate (ORR), and safety.

Objectives:
We aimed to evaluate the long-term outcomes. Our primary endpoint was to evaluate the overall survival (OS) and the secondary endpoints were progression-free survival 2 (PFS2) and duration of response (DOR).

Materials and Methods:
This was a Phase III open-label, randomized, parallel-group study conducted in the Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, India, in patients with EGFR mutation-positive treatment-naïve Stage IIIB or IV lung adenocarcinoma. Patients were randomized to gefitinib (250 mg orally daily) or carboplatin (area under the curve 5) and pemetrexed (500 mg/m2) chemotherapy, followed by maintenance pemetrexed (500 mg/m2).

Results:
Between February 2012 and April 2016, 290 patients were randomized:145 to each arm. At a median follow-up of 104 months, all 290 (100%) patients had progressed, and 287 (99%) deaths had occurred. The median OS in the gefitinib arm was 19.5 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 16.7-24.8) compared to 22.6 months (95% CI, 19.2-25.2) in the chemotherapy arm; hazard ratio [HR], 1.11; 95% CI, 0.87-1.39; P, 0.423. The median PFS2 in the gefitinib arm was 15.5 months (95% CI, 13.5-18.1) compared to 12.5 months (95% CI, 11.1-14.5) in the chemotherapy arm; HR, 0.86 (95% CI, 0.66-1.13); P, 0.270. The median DOR was improved in the gefitinib arm (7.6 months; 95% CI, 5.45-9.88) compared to 3.9 months (95% CI, 3.49-6.35) in the chemotherapy arm; HR, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.42-0.82; P, 0.002. The 5-year survival was 4.1% in the gefitinib arm versus 6.8% in the chemotherapy arm.

Conclusions:
This study establishes the advantages of first-line EGFR TKI therapy over chemotherapy in terms of a durable response and numerically superior PFS2. Due to crossover post-progression, there was is no significant difference in OS (Clinical Trials Registry of India number: CTRI/2015/08/006113).
Molecular analysis for EGFR, ALK, and ROS1 alterations in over 3000 Indian patients with non-small-cell lung cancer: A retrospective observational study
Authors: Munde Shital , Barodawala Shaikhali , Lila Kunjal , Jatale Raj , Ramchandran Shibani , Chanekar Milind , Pradhan Gauri , Chadha Kirti 
Published: March 2024

Background:
Accurate molecular testing in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is of paramount importance for treatment, prediction, and prognostication.

Objectives:
We aimed to comprehensively describe the clinicopathological and molecular profile of Indian patients with NSCLC with regard to alterations in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), and c-ros oncogene 1 (ROS1).

Materials and Methods:
We conducted a retrospective analysis of lung tissue samples tested between January 2015 and December 2021 at the Metropolis Healthcare Limited global referral laboratory facility in Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. Testing was conducted for EGFR by real time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Sanger sequencing, ALK by immunohistochemistry (IHC), ALK by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and c-ros oncogene 1 (ROS1) by FISH. We analyzed the positivity status and determined the trends in the results of the molecular targets in NSCLC cases.

Results:
Out of 3220 samples with malignancy, 1750 (54.3%) were tested for EGFR, out of which 510 (29.1%) were positive. The most common mutation detected was in exon 19 of EGFR (334/510, 65.5%), followed by exon 21 (164/510, 32.2%). A total of 1548 (48.1%) cases were tested for ALK by IHC, of which 125/1548 (8.1%) showed positivity, while among the 372/3220 (11.6%) cases tested for ALK by FISH, 29/372 (7.8%) were positive. In patients with squamous cell carcinoma, the ALK positivity rate by IHC was 5.3%. Of the 372 cases tested for ALK by FISH, 353 (94.9%) cases were tested for ALK by IHC as well; 98.9% concordance was observed for the positive cases. ROS1 testing was conducted in 370/3220 (11.5%) samples and showed a low positivity rate of 13/370 (3.5%).

Conclusions:
Indian patients with NSCLC have 29% EGFR positivity, 8.1% ALK positivity, and 3.5% ROS1 positivity, when tested with RT-PCR, IHC, and FISH, respectively. A detailed molecular analysis using next-generation sequencing (NGS) may help detect a higher number of molecular targets amenable to therapy.
About PanAfrican Journal of Governance and Development
Authors: Alam Prof. Minhaj 
Published: March 2024

PanAfrican Journal of Governance and Development (PJGD) is a peer-reviewed interdisciplinary journal of Jimma University that publishes editorials, research articles, book reviews, commentaries, and notes. PJGD offers a platform for the expression of new scientific inquiries to intellectuals of the world in general and Africa & Ethiopia in particular to reflect on how governance and development can be promoted, strengthened, and consolidated. The biannual edition is published in February and August of each year only in English language. PJGD is APC Free Journal.
PJGD accepts scientific works focused on the diversified areas of Governance and Development drawn from multiple disciplines of Political Science and International Relations, Public Management, Leadership, Development Economics, Environmental Governance, Peace and Conflict, Human Rights, National and International Law, Globalization, Public Policy, Regional and International Organizations, Gender, Peace and Conflict Management, International Political Economy, Multiculturalism, Civil Society, and related areas.
INTEGRAÇÃO AO CADASTRO TERRITORIAL MULTIFINALITÁRIO DE ÁREA DE RELEVANTE INTERESSE ECOLÓGICO: O CASO DA SERRA DA POSSE
Authors: Teixeira Coelho Luiz Carlos , Vieira Barbalho Leonardo , Dutra da Silva Christine , De Medeiros Silva Lucas , Soares da Costa Lucas , Santana da Silva Andrew , Paixão Linhares Mangini Silvia 
Published: March 2024

Este trabalho descreve os principais procedimentos implementados de modo a prover o primeiro levantamento sistemático de território recém-instituído como Área de Relevante Interesse Ecológico Serra da Posse, com fins de integração ao cadastro territorial multifinalitário da cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Os procedimentos adotados constituíram numa conjunção de levantamentos topográficos e aerofotogramétricos, mediante integração por geotecnologias, e geraram diferentes produtos geoespaciais, como modelo digital de elevações, curvas de nível, cadastro arbóreo da área de manejo e delimitação de área a ser convertida em praça para lazer da comunidade adjacente. Os produtos gerados foram, por fim, integrados ao Sistema de Informações Urbanas do município do Rio de Janeiro, permitindo sua utilização para atividades futuras de planejamento e intervenções ambientais e urbanísticas na nova Unidade de Conservação.
DIAGNÓSTICO PARA A REQUALIFICAÇÃO URBANA: PORTE DE CLIGNANCOURT (SANT-OUEN), PARIS, FRANÇA
Authors: Vazquez Elaine , Magalhães Nathália , Amário Mayara , Qualharini Eduardo 
Published: March 2024

Requalificação urbana é um processo de intervenção e transformação em áreas urbanas existentes, com o intuito de melhorar sua infraestrutura, funcionalidade, qualidade de vida e atratividade. O presente trabalho, através de um estudo de Diagnóstico Urbano da região de Sant-Ouen, uma comuna do departamento de Seine-Saint-Denis, localizada na região da Ilha de França, na França, tem como objetivo identificar as principais deficiências relacionadas à Infraestrutura viária, econômica e lazer, apresentando diretrizes de melhoria do espaço urbano a ser requalificado. Para tanto, realizou-se um estudo prático de diagnóstico urbano para requalificação da área de estudo. O diagnóstico apresentado permitiu compreender como os processos, filosofias e diferentes cenários históricos influenciaram na consolidação da cidade como é hoje, sendo uma oportunidade de informar, inspirar e promover uma discussão comparativa sobre o desenvolvimento urbano. A partir do diagnóstico foi possível identificar as principais diretrizes: desenvolver a vida do bairro em um setor em transição; abrir as fronteiras entre Paris e Saint-Ouen; apoiar o adensamento do setor; e dar espaço para pedestres e outros meios de mobilidade sustentáveis.
Management of Stholya (Obesity) by Panchakarma
Authors: Abhinav Rathore  , Bhawana Sharma  , Bheeshmlata  
Published: March 2024

The changes in the lifestyle have made the modern man sedentary and inactive. Moreover, during the course of time, the dietary habits have also changed a lot towards junk foods and drinks. Due to these factors the prevalence of obesity is growing worldwide, resulting in multi systemic disorders like diabetes, hypertension, cardiac abnormalities etc. For the treatment of obesity, modern medicine emphasis upon calorie restriction in the diet, exercises and appetite suppressant drugs, but these drugs have adverse actions on other systems and may produce symptoms like dryness of mouth, constipation, migraine headache, menstrual disorders etc. In Ayurveda, obesity has been described as Santarpanokta vikara under the heading Stholya. For the treatment in Ayurveda, Langhana (fasting), Vyayama (regular exercise) and Shodhana (purification measures) have been advised by our Acharyas. At the same time, these modalities are effective, without side effects, economic and easily available. So, Ayurveda can provide a better choice of treatment in Stholya through Panchakarma modalities. A 23 years old female patient came to Panchakarma O.P.D. was weighing 103kg with height 161cm; BMI was 39.70kg/m2 and according to the guidelines of NHI it falls under the class II obese category. She was treated with Aama pachana, Rukshana karma i.e., Udwartana, Snehana (Abhyantra and Bahya), Swedana, Virechana and Basti along with oral medicines, dietary regimes and life style modification. She lost about 23 kg of weight, which was 80 g and BMI was 30.90kg/m2 after 5 months of Panchakarma and oral treatment without any complications.
Analytical Study of Pippalyadigana Vati - An Ayurvedic Formulation
Authors: Priyanka Dubey  , Renu Rao  , Gunjan Sharma  , Aditi  
Published: March 2024

In Ayurveda, the raw drugs are classified under various groups known as Gana, which contain substances with comparable qualities that can treat a particular ailment. Ganas are very crucial to making the treatment field simpler and more efficient. Acharya Sushrut made a truly remarkable contribution by classifying the drugs into 37 distinct categories for various ailments. Pippalyadi gana is one of the Ganas described by Acharya Sushruta and is specially mentioned for the management of Pratishyaya. Pratishyaya is one important disease of Urdhwajatrugata Roga. In Ayurveda, Kalka, Kawath, Churna and Vati are the most frequently used form of medication. Vati preparation is considered a secondary Kashaya Kalpana and offers an easy way to administer oral medication. In the present study, 14 drugs from Pippalyadi Gana were selected for Vati preparation and certain of them were used in Kwath form for Bhavna, while the drugs containing volatile oils were utilized in powder form. Vati Kalpana has been prepared according to general method of preparation Vati mentioned in API. Prepared Vati were tested by many parameters including physical and chemical ones, such as weight variation and disintegration time, and chromatographic tests, such as TLC fingerprinting, were used to standardize it. After the testing, all parameters were found to be within API standard limits. This kind of result indicates a good therapeutic property of Vati Kalpana which can be used as oral medication for Pratishyaya.
An Integrated Overview of Rasendra Chudamani
Authors: Vijay Kumar Jatoliya  , Rachana Sharma  , Neetu Sharma  , Pushpendra Pandey  
Published: March 2024

Rasashastra is an important branch of Ayurveda which deal with the formulation and preparation of various mineral and metal preparations. Rasendra Churamani is one of the important ancient texts written by Acharya Somadeva in 12' AD. Hindi commentary of this book is available, written by Arthabodhini Hindi Teekakar Vaidya Pravara, Rasagya Pandit Shree Rameshwar Dayal Bajpeyee. In this classical text detailed knowledge of Rasa, Rasashala Nirman Vidhi, collection and storage in specific direction, terminologies to understand the Rasa karma, various type of Musa, Puta, Rasa-Aushadhi, Parada specific Samskar, Bhasma preparation by various mineral, metals, Maharasa, Uprasa, Sadharan Rasa are given. Rasendra Chudamani containing the experiences of previous authors. In ancient time, it has a great contrition in pharmaceutical science, by its process like Bhasma Nirmana, Satva Nirmana and purification methods of metals and minerals drugs.
Ayurvedic Management of Cervical Myelopathy
Authors: Sreeni T.V  , Divya M V  , Saranya G.K  
Published: March 2024

Cervical Myelopathy is a condition causing compression of the spinal cord at the cervical level of the spinal cord. It is mostly due to degenerative cervical spondylosis and is hence called Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy. The spinal cord may directly experience compressive and ischemic dysfunction as a result of age-related spondylotic alterations. A 63-year-old male with complaints of gradually progressive weakness in the arms and hands along with numbness, tingling sensation, neck stiffness and pain around the neck region for the last 10 years came to the OPD of our hospital. The management offered by contemporary medicine is not satisfactory. Cervical myelopathy and Greevastambha can be co-related in this case, based on signs and symptoms. This case report demonstrates how the clinical and radiological symptoms of cervical spondylotic myelopathy were alleviated by an Ayurvedic intervention. To confirm these results and incorporate Ayurveda into conventional medicine for spinal cord injuries, more investigation and controlled trials are necessary.
Critical Review on Vajikarana yogas Mentioned in Ashtanga Hrudaya
Authors: Anjitha S Kabeer  
Published: March 2024

Vajeekarana, also known as Vrishya Chikitsa, is one of the eight key specialties of Ashtanga Ayurveda. Vajikarana is concerned with aphrodisiacs, virility, and increasing the health of offspring. Ashtanga Hridaya is one Among Bruhatrayee (Greater Trio). Acharya Vagbhata writen the two most important classics like Ashtanga Sangraha and Ashtanga Hridaya. Due to its superior organisation and concision over Ashtanga Sangraha, Ashtanga Hridaya is a far more approachable classic. Vajeekarana vidhi (Aphrodisiac therapy) is explained in the last chapter of Uttarasthana of Ashtanga hrudaya. According to WHO, Millions of people battle with infertility. One in six people who are of reproductive age worldwide are predicted to become infertile at some point in their lives. Several parts of the world, particularly low- and middle-income nations, still lack access to most modern therapies and their cost is prohibitive. Many Vajikarana yogas are (Aphrodisiac Formulations) mentioned in Ayurvedic classics which are cheaper,easier to prepare, safer and effective. This review Article focuses on unique contribution on Vajeekarana yogas mentioned by Acharya Vagbhata in Ashtanga Hridaya.
A Literary Review on Pumsavana Karma
Authors: D. Sankeerthana  , K. Gnaneshwari  , K.Anasuya  
Published: March 2024

Ayurveda is the science of life and it is one of the most ancient healing methodologies in the world. This system is transmitted from immortals to mortals. There are various Samhitas written by our Acharyas related to health of the human beings. Pumsavana karma is one of the most important Samskara mentioned in Ayurveda. It is one of the Shodasha Samskaras performed in various stages of life in ancient India explained by scholars of Ayurveda. It can be done before the conception or immediately after the conception to achieve healthy and desired progeny during Pushya nakshatra. In Ayurveda, Pushya nakshatra is often considered a favourable time for various health related activities. It is believed that beginning Ayurvedic treatments during Pushya nakshatra can enhance their effectiveness and yield better results. It deals with the technique of genetic engineering and it can be considered to have some action on human genetics to ensure healthy progeny. Moreover, the complexion, glow, mental health of child can be improved through Pumsavana karma. In this article the importance of Pumsavana karma has described that which is not only for desired sex but also to achieve healthy progeny by using different formulations mentioned in various Samhitas was explained.
HPTLC Analysis of Aragwadhadi Kashaya and its Ingredients
Authors: Sanitha U M  , R.Rajam  
Published: March 2024

Decoctions, are basically the extraction of medicines into water by means of boiling. In Ayurveda it is known by the name ‘kwatha’, ‘kashaya’,’sritha’ and ‘niryooha’. The term kwatha is derived from word ‘kwathana’ which means boiling. Aragwadhadhi kashaya is mentioned in Sharngadhara Samhitha, ingredients of which are Aragwadha, Kanamoola, Tiktha, Mustha and Abhaya. All the ingredients were checked for its identity, purity and strength and only those satisfying the API parameters were taken for the study. Kashaya was prepared as per classical method mentioned in Sharngadhara Samhitha. The prepared kashaya was lyophilised and further this extract was used for analysis. The extract of decoction and extracts of individual ingredients were analysed HPTLC was done with two different concentrations of kashaya extract and extract of five individual ingredients in a single Merck, HPTLC Silica gel 60 F254 plate. Quantification was not done in this study, but the results provided valuable information on the presence of various compounds in the decoction. Further research could focus on quantifying these compounds to better understand their concentrations and potential effects. Rf values obtained from two different concentrations of kashaya extract were not exactly similar. There were very few identical Rf values in individual ingredients and kashaya extract.
Effect of Uttar Basti in Management of Tubal Block
Authors: Ashwini Ghanekar  , Gous Mujawar  
Published: March 2024

Infertility is a condition of reproductive system that causes people to be unable to get pregnant (conceive). It has been considered the second biggest reason for female infertility Infections, abdominal surgery, and diseases such as endometriosis can cause scarring at the inner linings of fallopian tubes. According to Acharya Susruta, four factors essential for conception are Ritu (season), Kshetra (reproductive system), Ambu (nourishing Substances) and Beeja (ovum and sperm). All these terms have broad are compared with the Artavavaha (Artava-bija-vaha) Srotas, blocking of fallopian tubes is compared with the Sanga Srotodushti of Aartavavaha Srotas.
The goal of this study was to determine Uttar Bastis potential as a more affordable and safe solution for treating tubal obstruction. The present paper is based on a clinical success story of the treatment of primary infertility due to tubal blockage. After the 1-month of procedure improvement in general condition was reported. On completion of the second month patient reported amenorrhea in subsequent month and went for UPT which was positive. On USG (after 3 weeks) a single well-defined gestational sac with foetal cardiac activity was seen. The result obtained in this single case study was quite encouraging with minimum invasion and side effects as well as cost-effective. So, the treatment protocol can be followed for patients of infertility due to corneal end tubal block. Success was achieved with Uttar Basti and some supportive Ayurvedic formulations.
Assessment of Congenital Anomalies Encountered During Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy
Authors: Inayatullah Khatti  , Bilal Rasool  , Sohail Ahmed  , Humera Jabeen  , Shamim  , Agha Afaque Hussain  , Beenish  
Published: March 2024

Objective: To determine the congenital anomalies encountered during laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
Methodology: The study was conducted in the Department of Surgery from February 2021 to July 2021 following ethical approval, included patients scheduled for cholecystectomy due to gallstone disease. Both male and female participants aged 18 to 60 years who consented to participate were encompassed. Laparoscopic techniques under general anesthesia were employed, and anomalies observed during surgery were meticulously documented using a predefined proforma. Subsequently, all collected data were entered and subjected to analysis using SPSS version 26.
Results: A total of 143 patients were included in the analysis. The average age of the patients was 41.34 years, and the average duration of hospital stay was 6.28 days. The overall incidence of congenital anomalies among patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy was 18.88%. The most common anomaly observed was cystic artery anomalies, affecting 8.39% of patients, followed by cystic duct anomalies (3.49%), right hepatic duct anomaly (2.79%), gall bladder anomalies (2.9%), and the least common being the presence of a common hepatic artery (1.39%).
Conclusion: In summary, the study revealed an overall incidence of anatomical variations during laparoscopic cholecystectomy of 18.88%, with cystic artery anomalies emerging as the most common variation. It is essential to consider these anomalies during the procedure to mitigate potential complications.
SİMKEŞZÂDE FEYZÎ’NİN GAMZE VÜ DİL MESNEVİSİNDE ŞAHISLARIN SEMBOLİK ANALİZİ
Authors: SAĞLAM Ayşe 
Published: March 2024

İnsan idrakini zorlayan birtakım hakikatlerin anlaşılmasının güçlüğü ve bu hakikatlerin ifade edilmesinde günlük dilin çoğu zaman yetersiz kalması şairleri sembolik dilin imkanlarından faydalanmaya yöneltir. Sembolik dil, soyut manaların somut göstergeler şeklinde okuyucunun idrakine sunulmasına imkân tanır. Soyut olan bu gerçekliklerin bilinen ve görülen somut unsurlarla anlatılması, anlaşılması hedeflenen manaların kavranmasına yardımcı olur. Çoğunlukla şairin kendi ruhsal yaşantılarını anlatmak için kullandığı işaret ve remizler şairi yanlış anlaşılma korkusundan da kurtarır. Şair, manevi sır hükmündeki ruhsal tecrübelerini bu dil vasıtasıyla hem açıklama hem de gizleme imkânı bulur.
Simkeşzâde Feyzî’nin Gamze vü Dil mesnevisi sembolik dilin hâkim olduğu bir anlatıdır. Tasavvufi sembollerle örülü bir eser olan mesneviyi doğru anlamlandırabilmek için eserin sembolik yapısını göz önünde bulundurmak, sembollerin ardında gizlenen manaları çözümlemek gerekir. Metnin fikirsel boyutunun göz ardı edildiği diğer türlü bir okuma, âşığın sevgiliye kavuşmak için verdiği mücadelelerin konu edildiği bir kurgular dizisinden öteye gitmez. Bu çalışmada Simkeşzâde Feyzî’nin Gamze vü Dil mesnevisindeki şahısların sembolik analizi yapılacaktır.