bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tuning the Electrolyte and Interphasial Chemistry for All‐Climate Sodium‐ion Batteries
Authors: He Mengxue , Zhu Lujun , Ye Guo , An Yun , Hong Xufeng , Ma Yue , Xiao Zhitong , Jia Yongfeng , Pang Quanquan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) present a promising avenue for next‐generation grid‐scale energy storage. However, realizing all‐climate SIBs operating across a wide temperature range remains a challenge due to the poor electrolyte conductivity and instable electrode interphases at extreme temperatures. Here, we propose a comprehensively balanced electrolyte by pairing carbonates with a low‐freezing‐point and low‐polarity ethyl propionate solvent which enhances ion diffusion and Na+‐desolvation kinetics at sub‐zero temperatures. Furthermore, the electrolyte leverages a combinatorial borate‐ and nitrile‐based additive strategy to facilitate uniform and inorganic‐rich electrode interphases, ensuring excellent rate performance and cycle stability over a wide temperature range from −45 °C to 60 °C. Notably, the Na||sodium vanadyl phosphate cell delivers a remarkable capacity of 105 mAh g−1 with a high rate of 2 C at −25 °C. In addition, the cells exhibit excellent cycling stability over a wide temperature range, maintaining a high capacity retention of 84.7 % over 3,000 cycles at 60 °C and of 95.1 % at −25 °C over 500 cycles. The full cell also exhibits impressive cycling performance over a wide temperature range. This study highlights the critical role of electrolyte and interphase engineering for enabling SIBs that function optimally under diverse and extreme climatic environments.
High‐Throughput Single‐Cell, Single‐Mitochondrial DNA Assay Using Hydrogel Droplet Microfluidics
Authors: Park Juhwan , Kadam Parnika S. , Atiyas Yasemin , Chhay Bonirath , Tsourkas Andrew , Eberwine James H. , Issadore David A. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThere is growing interest in understanding the biological implications of single cell heterogeneity and heteroplasmy of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), but current methodologies for single‐cell mtDNA analysis limit the scale of analysis to small cell populations. Although droplet microfluidics have increased the throughput of single‐cell genomic, RNA, and protein analysis, their application to sub‐cellular organelle analysis has remained a largely unsolved challenge. Here, we introduce an agarose‐based droplet microfluidic approach for single‐cell, single‐mtDNA analysis, which allows simultaneous processing of hundreds of individual mtDNA molecules within >10,000 individual cells. Our microfluidic chip encapsulates individual cells in agarose beads, designed to have a sufficiently dense hydrogel network to retain mtDNA after lysis and provide a robust scaffold for subsequent multi‐step processing and analysis. To mitigate the impact of the high viscosity of agarose required for mtDNA retention on the throughput of microfluidics, we developed a parallelized device, successfully achieving ~95 % mtDNA retention from single cells within our microbeads at >700,000 drops/minute. To demonstrate utility, we analyzed specific regions of the single‐mtDNA using a multiplexed rolling circle amplification (RCA) assay. We demonstrated compatibility with both microscopy, for digital counting of individual RCA products, and flow cytometry for higher throughput analysis.
Dynamic‐Bond‐Mediated Chain Reptation Enhances Energy Dissipation of Elastomers
Authors: Shi Wei , Zhou Tianxu , He Binbin , Huang Jin , Liu Mingjie 
Published: March 2024

AbstractVibrations with various frequencies in daily life and industry can cause health hazards and fatigue failure of critical structures, which requires the development of elastomers with high energy dissipation at desired frequencies. Current strategies relying on tuning characteristic relaxation time of polymer chains are mostly qualitative empirical methods, and it is difficult to precisely control damping performances. Here, we report a general strategy for constructing dynamic crosslinked polymer fluid gels that provide controllable ultrahigh energy dissipation. This is realized by dynamic‐bond‐mediated chain reptation of polymer fluids in a crosslinked network, where the characteristic time of chain reptation is dominated by the presence of well‐defined dissociation time of dynamic bonds and almost independent of their molar mass. Using prototypical supramolecular polydimethylsiloxane elastomers, we demonstrate that dynamic crosslinked polymer fluid gels exhibit a controllable ultrahigh damping performance at desired frequencies (10−2~102 Hz), exceeding that of typical state‐of‐the‐art silicone damping materials. Their shock absorption is over 300 % higher than that of commercial silicone rubber under the same impact force.
Mechanism Behind the Programmed Biosynthesis of Heterotrimeric Fungal Depside Thielavin A
Authors: Ji Qiaolin , Xiang Hao , Wang Wei‐Guang , Matsuda Yudai 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThielavin A (1) is a fungal depside composed of one 3‐methylorsellinic acid and two 3,5‐dimethylorsellinic acid units. It displays diverse biological activities. However, the mechanism underlying the assembly of the heterotrimeric structure of 1 remains to be clarified. In this study, we identified the polyketide synthase (PKS) involved in the biosynthesis of 1. This PKS, designated as ThiA, possesses an unusual domain organization with the C‐methyltransferase (MT) domain situated at the C‐terminus following the thioesterase (TE) domain. Our findings indicated that the TE domain is solely responsible for two rounds of ester bond formation, along with subsequent chain hydrolysis. We identified a plausible mechanism for TE‐catalyzed reactions and obtained insights into how a single PKS can selectively yield a specific heterotrimeric product. In particular, the tandem acyl carrier protein domains of ThiA are critical for programmed methylation by the MT domain. Overall, this study highlighted the occurrence of highly optimized domain–domain communication within ThiA for the selective synthesis of 1, which can advance our understanding of the programming rules of fungal PKSs.
Synthesis and characterization of NaY@ZIF‐8 composite by the ship‐in‐bottle method as a catalyst for esterification and transesterification reactions
Authors: Ghaedrahmat Hadis , Masoomi Mohammad Yaser , Zendehdel Mojgan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractZeolite imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) were composited with NaY zeolite using two different approaches to the ship‐in‐bottle method. The two synthesized nanocatalysts showed that the ZIF‐8 composite with NaY zeolite could stabilize their structure as catalysts in an acidic environment. The NaY@ZIF‐8 nanocomposites that were prepared were investigated using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), elemental mapping (MAP), thermogravimetric (TGA), temperature‐programmed desorption of ammonia (NH3‐TPD), and inductively coupled plasma analyses. The synthesized composites were used as catalysts for the esterification reaction of acetic acid with four different alcohols and the transesterification reaction of animal fats, vegetable oils, and waste oils. The results show that the efficiency of the esterification reactions for the two catalytic composites was 98.5% and 94.3%, respectively, and 78.1% for the transesterification reaction.
Continuous multi‐column capture of monoclonal antibodies with convective diffusive membrane adsorbers
Authors: Schmitz Fabian , Knöchelmann Elias , Kruse Thomas , Minceva Mirjana , Kampmann Markus 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDownstream processing is the bottleneck in the continuous manufacturing of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). To overcome throughput limitations, two different continuous processes with a novel convective diffusive protein A membrane adsorber (MA) were investigated: the rapid cycling parallel multi‐column chromatography (RC‐PMCC) process and the rapid cycling simulated moving bed (RC‐BioSMB) process. First, breakthrough curve experiments were performed to investigate the influence of the flow rate on the mAb dynamic binding capacity and to calculate the duration of the loading steps. In addition, customized control software was developed for an automated MA exchange in case of pressure increase due to membrane fouling to enable robust, uninterrupted, and continuous processing. Both processes were performed for 4 days with 0.61 g L−1 mAb‐containing filtrate and process performance, product purity, productivity, and buffer consumption were compared. The mAb was recovered with a yield of approximately 90% and productivities of 1010 g L−1 d−1 (RC‐PMCC) and 574 g L−1 d−1 (RC‐BioSMB). At the same time, high removal of process‐related impurities was achieved with both processes, whereas the buffer consumption was lower for the RC‐BioSMB process. Finally, the attainable productivity for perfusion bioreactors of different sizes with suitable MA sizes was calculated to demonstrate the potential to operate both processes on a manufacturing scale with bioreactor volumes of up to 2000 L.
Transport‐controlled growth decoupling for self‐induced protein expression with a glycerol‐repressible genetic circuit
Authors: Lara Alvaro R. , Kunert Flavio , Vandenbroucke Vincent , Taymaz‐Nikerel Hilal , Martínez Luz María , Sigala Juan‐Carlos , Delvigne Frank , Gosset Guillermo , Büchs Jochen 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDecoupling cell formation from recombinant protein synthesis is a potent strategy to intensify bioprocesses. Escherichia coli strains with mutations in the glucose uptake components lack catabolite repression, display low growth rate, no overflow metabolism, and high recombinant protein yields. Fast growth rates were promoted by the simultaneous consumption of glucose and glycerol, and this was followed by a phase of slow growth, when only glucose remained in the medium. A glycerol‐repressible genetic circuit was designed to autonomously induce recombinant protein expression. The engineered strain bearing the genetic circuit was cultured in 3.9 g L−1 glycerol + 18 g L−1 glucose in microbioreactors with online oxygen transfer rate monitoring. The growth was fast during the simultaneous consumption of both carbon sources (C‐sources), while expression of the recombinant protein was low. When glycerol was depleted, the growth rate decreased, and the specific fluorescence reached values 17% higher than those obtained with a strong constitutive promoter. Despite the relatively high amount of C‐source used, no oxygen limitation was observed. The proposed approach eliminates the need for the substrate feeding or inducers addition and is set as a simple batch culture while mimicking fed‐batch performance.
Forensic psychiatric issues in intellectual disability
Authors: Hauser Mark J. , Kohn Robert 
Published: March 2024

AbstractForensic psychiatrists and neuropsychiatrists are likely to encounter individuals with intellectual disability as they are over‐represented in the judicial system. These individuals may have the full range of mental illnesses and comorbid conditions, including physical infirmity, sensory deficits, language impairment, and maladaptive behaviors. They are frequently disadvantaged in the judicial system due to lack of comprehension, lack of accommodations, and stigmatization. Decision making capacity may need to be assessed for health care, sexual autonomy, marriage, financial management, making a will, and need for guardianship. The usual approach to conducting an evaluation needs adaptation to fit the unique characteristics and circumstances of the individual with intellectual disability. The forensic consultant can assist attorneys, defendants, and victims in recommending accommodations and the expert witness can provide education to juries.
Preparation of the Myricetin‐Loaded PEGylated Niosomes and Evaluation of their in vitro Anti‐Cancer Potentials
Authors: Riazi Hanieh , Goodarzi Mohammad Taghi , Tabrizi Masoud Homayouni , Mozaffari Majid , Neamati Ali 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSeveral edible plants contain flavonoids, including myricetin (Myr), which perform a wide range of biological activities. Myr has antitumor properties against various tumor cells. In this study Myr‐loaded PEGylated niosomes (Myr‐PN) were prepared and their anti‐cancer activities were evaluated in vitro. Myr‐PNs were prepared as a tool for drug delivery to the tumor site. Myr‐PN was characterized in terms of size, zeta potential, and functional groups using dynamic light scattering (DLS), Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The Myr‐PN size was 241 nm with a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.20, and zeta potential −32.7±6.6 mV. Apoptotic properties of Myr‐PN against normal and cancer cell lines were determined by flow cytometry and real‐time quantitative PCR. Cancer cells showed higher cytotoxicity when treated with Myr‐PN compared with normal cells, indicating that the synthesized nanoparticles pose no adverse effects. Apoptosis was induced in cells treated with 250 μg/mL of Myr‐PN, in which 45.2 % of cells were arrested in subG1, suggesting that Myr‐PN can induce apoptosis. In vitro, the synthesized Myr‐PN demonstrated potent anticancer properties. Furthermore, more research should be conducted in vitro and in vivo to study the more details of Myr‐PN anti‐cancer effects.
Reversal of Valproate‐Induced Major Salivary Gland Changes By Moringa Oleifera Extract in Rats
Authors: Cergel Eda , Tuzuner Burcin Alev , Turkyilmaz Ismet Burcu , Oktay Sehkar , Magaji Umar Faruk , Sacan Ozlem , Yanardag Refiye , Yarat Aysen 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis study aimed to explore the potential protective impacts of Moringa oleifera extract on major alteration in salivary glands of rats exposed to sodium valproate (VA). Groups were defined as control, control+moringa extract, sodium valproate, and sodium valproate+moringa extract. Antioxidant and oxidant status, activities of digestive and metabolic enzymes were examined. VA treatment led to various biochemical changes in the salivary glands, including decreased levels of antioxidants like glutathione, glutathione‐S‐transferase, and superoxide dismutase (except for sublingual superoxide dismutase). Conversely, a decrease in alpha‐amylase, alkaline and acid phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, protease, and maltase activities were observed. The study also demonstrated that VA induces oxidative stress, increases lipid peroxidation, sialic acid, and nitric oxide levels in the salivary glands. Total oxidant capacity was raised in all glands except in the sublingual gland. The electrophoretic patterns of proteins were similar. Moringa oleifera extract exhibited protective properties, reversing these VA‐induced biochemical changes due to its antioxidant and therapeutic attributes. This research suggests that moringa extract might serve as an alternative treatment approach for individuals using VA and experiencing salivary gland issues, although further research is necessary to confirm these findings in human subjects.
Synthesis of Some Novel Thiophene Analogues as Potential Anticancer Agents
Authors: Almatari Altaf S. , Saeed Ali , Abdel‐Ghani Ghada E. , Abdullah Mahmood M. S. , Al‐Lohedan Hamad A. , Abdel‐Latif Ehab , El‐Demerdash Amr 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe aim of this study involves the synthesis novel thiophene analogues that can be used as anticancer medications through a strategic multicomponent reaction connecting ethyl 4‐chloroacetoacetate (1), phenyl isothiocyanate, and a series of active methylene reagents, including ethyl acetoacetate (2), malononitrile, ethyl cyanoacetate, cyanoacetamide 6a–c, N‐phenyl cyanoacetamide derivatives 13a–c, and acetoacetanilide derivatives 18. This reaction was facilitated by dry dimethylformamide with a catalytic quantity of K2CO3. The resultant thiophene derivatives were identified as 4, 8a–b, 9, 12a–d, 15a–c, and 20a–b. Further reaction of compound 4 with hydrazine hydrate yielded derivative 5, respectively. When compound 1 was refluxed with ethyl 3‐mercapto‐3‐(phenylamino)‐2‐(p‐substituted phenyldiazenyl)acrylate 10a–e in the presence of sodium ethoxide, it produced thiophene derivatives 12a–d. Comprehensive structural elucidation of these newly synthesized thiophene‐analogues was accomplished via elemental and spectral analysis data. Furthermore, the study delves into the cytotoxicity of the newly synthesized thiophenes was evaluated using the HepG2, A2780, and A2780CP cell lines. The amino‐thiophene derivative 15b exhibited an increased growth inhibition of A2780, and A2780CP with IC50 values 12±0.17, and 10±0.15 μM, respectively compared to Sorafenib with IC50 values 7.5±0.54 and 9.4±0.14. This research opens new avenues for developing thiophene‐based anticancer agents.
In vitro Evaluation of the Antileishmanial and Antischistosomal Activities of p‐Coumaric Acid Prenylated Derivatives
Authors: Vieira Tatiana M. , Barco Júlia G. , Paula Lucas A. L. , Felix Paulo C. A. , Bastos Jairo K. , Magalhães Lizandra G. , Crotti Antônio E. M. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWe have evaluated eight p‐coumaric acid prenylated derivatives in vitro for their antileishmanial activity against Leishmania amazonensis promastigotes and their antischistosomal activity against Schistosoma mansoni adult worms. Compound 7 ((E)‐3,4‐diprenyl‐4‐isoprenyloxycinnamic alcohol) was the most active against L. amazonensis (IC50=45.92 μM) and S. mansoni (IC50=64.25 μM). Data indicated that the number of prenyl groups, the presence of hydroxyl at C9, and a single bond between C7 and C8 are important structural features for the antileishmanial activity of p‐coumaric acid prenylated derivatives.
Binding Dynamics of a Stapled Peptide Targeting the Transcription Factor NF−Y
Authors: Durukan Canan , Arbore Federica , Klintrot Rasmus , Bigiotti Carlo , Ilie Ioana M. , Vreede Jocelyne , Grossmann Tom N. , Hennig Sven 
Published: March 2024

AbstractTranscription factors (TFs) play a central role in gene regulation, and their malfunction can result in a plethora of severe diseases. TFs are therefore interesting therapeutic targets, but their involvement in protein–protein interaction networks and the frequent lack of well–defined binding pockets render them challenging targets for classical small molecules. As an alternative, peptide–based scaffolds have proven useful, in particular with an α‐helical active conformation. Peptide–based strategies often require extensive structural optimization efforts, which could benefit from a more detailed understanding of the dynamics in inhibitor/protein interactions. In this study, we investigate how truncated stapled α‐helical peptides interact with the transcription factor Nuclear Factor‐Y (NF−Y). We identified a 13‐mer minimal binding core region, for which two crystal structures with an altered C‐terminal peptide conformation when bound to NF−Y were obtained. Subsequent molecular dynamics simulations confirmed that the C‐terminal part of the stapled peptide is indeed relatively flexible while still showing defined interactions with NF−Y. Our findings highlight the importance of flexibility in the bound state of peptides, which can contribute to overall binding affinity.
Bioluminescence – The Vibrant Glow of Nature and its Chemical Mechanisms
Authors: Schramm Stefan , Weiß Dieter 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBioluminescence, the mesmerizing natural phenomenon where living organisms produce light through chemical reactions, has long captivated scientists and laypersons alike, offering a rich tapestry of insights into biological function, ecology, evolution as well as the underlying chemistry.This comprehensive introductory review systematically explores the phenomenon of bioluminescence, addressing its historical context, geographic dispersion, and ecological significance with a focus on their chemical mechanisms.Our examination begins with terrestrial bioluminescence, discussing organisms from different habitats. We analyze thefireflies of Central Europe's meadows and the fungi in the Atlantic rainforest of Brazil. Additionally, we inspect bioluminescent species in New Zealand, specifically river–dwelling snails and mosquito larvae found in Waitomo Caves. Our exploration concludes in the Siberian Steppes, highlighting the area‘s luminescent insects and annelids.Transitioning to the marine realm, the second part of this review examines marine bioluminescent organisms. We explore this phenomenon in deep–sea jellyfish and their role in the ecosystem. We then move to Toyama Bay, Japan, where seasonal bioluminescence of dinoflagellates and ostracods present a unique case study. We also delve into the bacterial world, discussing how bioluminescent bacteria contribute to symbiotic relationships.For each organism, we contextualize its bioluminescence, providing details about its discovery, ecological function, and geographical distribution. A special focus lies on the examination of the underlying chemical mechanisms that enables these biological light displays. Concluding this review, we present a series of practical bioluminescence and chemiluminescence experiments, providing a resource for educational demonstrations and student research projects.Our goal with this review is to provide a summary of bioluminescence across the diverse ecological contexts, contributing to the broader understanding of this unique biological phenomenon and its chemical mechanisms serving researchers new to the field, educators and students alike.
Routine preprocedural ultrasound in palpation versus ultrasound guided radial access for cardiac catheterization
Authors: Toledano Bryan Rene F. , Garganera Kristy B. , Prado Jose Paolo A. , Sabas Michelangelo L. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe radial first approach in cardiac catheterization is preferred for its benefits in patient comfort and recovery time. Yet, challenges persist due to characteristics like small, deep, calcified, and mobile radial arteries. Utilizing ultrasound before and during procedures can improve success rates. However, the adoption of its use is still limited and subject to debate.AimTo utilize routine preprocedural ultrasound (US) and compare US guided with palpation guided radial access, focusing on operator efficiency and outcomes.Methods and ResultsConsenting adult patients undergoing elective radial cardiac catheterization were divided into palpation and US groups. Routine preprocedural assessment of radial artery characteristics was performed using handheld US. Baseline data, US findings, procedural outcomes, and clinical outcomes were compared in 182 participants (91 in each group). US guided radial access had significantly higher first pass success rates (76.92% vs. 49.45%, p 0.0001), fewer number of attempts (1.46 ± 1 vs. 1.99 ± 1.46, p 0.004), and shorter amount of time (93.62 ± 44.04 vs. 120.44 ± 67.1, p 0.002) compared with palpation guidance. The palpation group had significantly higher incidence of spasm (15.38% vs. 3.3%, p 0.0052). Subgroup analysis indicated consistent benefits of US guidance, especially in calcified radial arteries.ConclusionThis prospective, nonrandomized, single‐center study demonstrated that real‐time procedural US improved the operator's time and effort and enhanced patient comfort compared with palpation. US guidance use was particularly favorable in the presence of calcifications observed on baseline preoperative US.