bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Desmopressin treatment in nocturia; an analysis of risk factors for hyponatremia
Authors: Rembratt A. , Riis A. , Norgaard J.P. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractAimsTo explore the incidence, severity, time course, and risk factors of clinically significant hyponatremia in desmopressin treatment for nocturia.MethodsData from three multi‐center phase III trials were pooled. Hyponatremia was categorised as borderline (134–130 mmol/L) or significant (<130 mmol/L). Risk factors were explored with logistic regression and subgroup analysis performed to explore threshold values for contra‐indication.ResultsIn total 632 patients (344 men, 288 women) were analyzed. During dose‐titration, serum sodium concentration below normal range was recorded in 95 patients (15%) and 31 patients (4.9%) experienced significant hyponatremia. The risk increased with age, lower serum sodium concentration at baseline, higher basal 24‐hr urine volume per bodyweight and weight gain at time of minimum serum sodium concentration. Age was the best single predictor. Elderly patients (≥65 years of age) with a baseline serum sodium concentration below normal range were at high risk (75%). Limiting treatment in elderly with normal basal serum sodium concentration to those below 79 years and with a 24‐hr urine output below 28 ml/kg would reduce the risk from 8.1% to 3.0% at the cost of 34% fulfilling the contra‐indication.ConclusionsThe majority of nocturia patients tolerate desmopressin treatment without clinically significant hyponatremia. However, the risk increases with increasing age and decreasing baseline serum sodium concentration. Treatment of nocturia in elderly patients with desmopressin should only be undertaken together with careful monitoring of the serum sodium concentration. Patients with a baseline serum sodium concentration below normal range should not be treated. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Differences in muscle activation patterns during pelvic floor muscle contraction and Valsalva manouevre
Authors: Thompson Judith A. , O'Sullivan Peter B. , Briffa N. Kathryn , Neumann Patricia 
Published: November 2005

AbstractAimsTo investigate the different muscle activation patterns around the abdomino‐pelvic cavity in continent women and their effect on pressure generation during a correct pelvic floor muscle (PFM) contraction and a Valsalva maneuver.MethodsThirteen continent women were assessed. Abdominal, chest wall, and PFM activity and vaginal and intra‐abdominal pressure (IAP), were recorded during two tasks: PFM contraction and Valsalva whilst bladder base position was monitored on trans‐abdominal ultrasound. A correct PFM contraction was defined as one that resulted in bladder base elevation and a Valsalva resulted in bladder base depression.ResultsComparison of the mean of the normalized EMG activity of all the individual muscle groups was significantly different between PFM contraction and Valsalva (P = 0.04). During a correct PFM contraction, the PFM were more active than during Valsalva (P = 0.001). During Valsalva, all the abdominal muscles (IO (P = 0.006), EO (P < 0.001), RA (P = 0.011)), and the chest wall (P < 0.001) were more active than during PFM contraction. The change in IAP was greater during Valsalva (P = 0.001) but there was no difference in the change in vaginal pressure between PFM contraction and Valsalva (P = 0.971).ConclusionsThis study demonstrates a difference in muscle activation patterns between a correct PFM contraction and Valsalva maneuver. It is important to include assessment of the abdominal wall, chest wall, and respiration in the clinical evaluation of women performing PFM exercises as abdominal wall bracing combined with an increase in chest wall activity may cause rises in IAP and PFM descent. Neurourol. Urdynam. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pediatric paraganglioma: An early manifestation of an adult disease secondary to germline mutations
Authors: Mora Jaume , Cascón Alberto , Robledo Mercedes , Catala Albert 
Published: November 2005

AbstractBackgroundParaganglioma (PGL) and phaeochromocytoma (PCC) are chemotherapy and radiation‐resistant neuroendocrine tumors that arise from sympathetic tissue, and rarely occur in children. PCC may be associated with predisposing (germline) conditions like the multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 (MEN2; OMIM 164761), von Hippel‐Lindau syndrome (VHL; OMIM 193300), and rarely neurofibromatosis type 1 syndrome (NF1; OMIM 162200) and multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1; OMIM 131100). PGL, on the other hand, may be related to predisposing germline conditions like the familial PGL syndrome and the NF1 syndrome. In adult studies, one of the highest predisposing factors for germline mutation among patients presenting apparently sporadic PCC/PGL was their age at presentation. The aim of this study was to determine the rate of germline mutations among the rare patients presenting with sporadic PGL during childhood.ProcedureIn this study, we report the genetic analysis for predisposing conditions for the only three PGL cases retrospectively identified at our pediatric institution in the last 20 years.ResultsNone had NF1 clinical associated lesions. Mutation screening of genes associated to VHL (VHL), MEN (RET), and familial PGL (SDH‐B, ‐C, and ‐D) showed that all cases had germline deletions in the SDHB gene. We report a novel mutation, c.778 del C. Importantly, several non‐symptomatic relatives were found to be carriers, thus ensuring them a clinical follow‐up.ConclusionAccording to our findings, PGL presenting during childhood represents an early manifestation of an adult disease caused by predisposing germline mutations. These results underline the importance of genetic studies in pediatric PGLs. Pediatric Blood Cancer 2006;47:785–789. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Visualisation and analysis of proteomic data from the procyclic form of Trypanosoma brucei
Authors: Jones Andrew , Faldas Anne , Foucher Aude , Hunt Ela , Tait Andy , Wastling Jonathan M. , Turner C. Michael 
Published: November 2005

AbstractWe have undertaken a large scale study of the proteins expressed in the procyclic form of the parasite Trypanosoma brucei, which causes African sleeping sickness, using 2‐DE and MS. The complete data set encompasses over 2000 identifications, of which 770 are distinct proteins. We have discovered that multiple protein isoforms appear to be common in T. brucei, as most proteins have been matched to more than one gel spot. We have developed visualisation software to investigate the differences between isoforms, based on the information from the results of database searches with MS data. We are able to highlight instances where PTMs are the most likely cause of variant forms. In other cases, spots that appear reproducibly across replicates contain fragments of proteins, arising either as experimental artefacts or as part of protein degradation. We are also able to classify clusters of gel spots into different groups based on the pattern of peptides that have been matched from MS data. The entire data set is stored within a relational database system that allows complex queries (http://www.gla.ac.uk/functionalgenomics). Using specific proteins as examples, we demonstrate how the visualisation software and the database query facilities can be used.
The cytosolic, cell surface and extracellular proteomes of the biotechnologically important soil bacterium Corynebacterium efficiens YS‐314 in comparison to those of Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032
Authors: Hansmeier Nicole , Chao Tzu‐Chiao , Pühler Alfred , Tauch Andreas , Kalinowski Jörn 
Published: November 2005

AbstractReference maps of the cytosolic, cell surface and extracellular proteome fractions of the amino acid‐producing soil bacterium Corynebacterium efficiens YS‐314 were established. The analysis window covers a pI range from 3 to 7 along with a molecular mass range from 10 to 130 kDa. After second‐dimensional separation on SDS‐PAGE and Coomassie staining, computational analysis detected 635 protein spots in the cytosolic proteome fraction, whereas 76 and 102 spots were detected in the cell surface and extracellular proteomes, respectively. By means of MALDI‐TOF‐MS and tryptic peptide mass fingerprinting, 164 cytosolic proteins, 49 proteins of the cell surface and 89 extracellular protein spots were identified, representing in total 177 different proteins. Additionally, reference maps of the three cellular proteome fractions of the close phylogenetic relative Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13032 were generated and used for comparative proteomics. Classification according to the Clusters of Orthologous Groups of proteins scheme and abundance analysis of the identified proteins revealed species‐specific differences. The high abundance of molecular chaperones and amino acid biosynthesis enzymes in C. efficiens points to environmental adaptations of this recently discovered amino acid‐producing bacterium.
A general precursor ion‐like scanning mode on quadrupole‐TOF instruments compatible with chromatographic separation
Authors: Niggeweg Ricarda , Köcher Thomas , Gentzel Marc , Buscaino Alessia , Taipale Mikko , Akhtar Asifa , Wilm Matthias 
Published: November 2005

AbstractMS protein identification and quantitation are key proteomic techniques in biological research. Besides identification of proteins, MS is used increasingly to characterize secondary protein modifications. This often requires trimming the analytical strategy to a specific type of modification. Direct analysis of protein modifications in proteomic samples is often hampered by the limited dynamic range of current analytical tools. Here we present a fast, sensitive, multiplexed precursor ion scanning mode – implemented on a quadrupole‐TOF instrument – that allows the specific detection of any modified peptide or molecule that reveals itself by a specific fragment ion or pattern of fragment ions within a complex proteomic sample. The high mass accuracy of the TOF mass spectrometer is available for the marker ion specificity and the precursor ion mass determination. The method is compatible with chromatographic separation. Fragment ions and intact molecular ions are acquired quasi‐simultaneously by continuously switching the collision energy between elevated and low levels. Using this technique many secondary modifications can be analyzed in parallel; however, the number of peptides carrying a specific modification that can be analyzed successfully is limited by the chromatographic resolution or, more generally, by the depth of the resolved time domain.
Structural and free‐volume analysis for alkyl‐substituted palladium‐catalyzed poly(norbornene): A combined experimental and Monte Carlo investigation
Authors: Wilks Broderick R. , Chung Won J. , Ludovice Peter J. , Rezac Mary E. , Meakin Pavla , Hill Anita J. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractIncreasing the length of an alkyl side chain on a rigid polynorbornene (PNB) backbone is shown to decrease the glass‐transition temperature of the resultant polymer, decrease the density of the bulk polymer, decrease the number and average free‐volume element size present, and decrease the permeability of gases through the polymer. Methyl‐, butyl‐, and hexyl‐substituted PNBs were investigated. Experimental results were compared with predictions based on molecular modeling. By using models that provided good agreement between the experimental and simulated wide‐angle diffraction patterns, the distributions of free‐volume elements were predicted. These predictions clearly indicate that the number of large free‐volume elements decreases as the length of the side chain increases, suggesting that the flexible aliphatic side chains can be largely accommodated within the free volume between the rigid PNB backbones. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 44: 215–233, 2006
Predicting physical activity and outcome expectations in cancer survivors: an application of Self‐Determination Theory
Authors: Wilson Philip M. , Blanchard Chris M. , Nehl Eric , Baker Frank 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to examine the contributions of autonomous and controlled motives drawn from Self‐Determination Theory (SDT; Intrinsic Motivation and Self‐determination in Human Behavior. Plenum Press: New York, 1985; Handbook of Self‐determination Research. University of Rochester Press: New York, 2002) towards predicting physical activity behaviours and outcome expectations in adult cancer survivors. Participants were cancer‐survivors (N=220) and a non‐cancer comparison cohort (N=220) who completed an adapted version of the Treatment Self‐Regulation Questionnaire modified for physical activity behaviour (TSRQ‐PA), an assessment of the number of minutes engaged in moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity (MVPA) weekly, and the anticipated outcomes expected from regular physical activity (OE). Simultaneous multiple regression analyses indicated that autonomous motives was the dominant predictor of OEs across both cancer and non‐cancer cohorts (R2adj=0.29–0.43), while MVPA was predicted by autonomous (β's ranged from 0.21 to 0.34) and controlled (β's ranged from −0.04 to −0.23) motives after controlling for demographic considerations. Cancer status (cancer versus no cancer) did not moderate the motivation–physical activity relationship. Collectively, these findings suggest that the distinction between autonomous and controlled motives is useful and compliments a growing body of evidence supporting SDT as a framework for understanding motivational processes in physical activity contexts with cancer survivors. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Barriers to repeat mammography: cultural perspectives of African‐American, Asian, and Hispanic women
Authors: Moy Beverly , Park Elyse R. , Feibelmann Sandra , Chiang Sylvia , Weissman Joel S. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractWomen of minority races and ethnicities have lower mammography return rates compared to Caucasians. To better understand barriers to mammography, we conducted six focus groups with 49 women of minority races and ethnicities (19 Asian, 16 African‐American, and 14 Hispanic) recruited from outpatient medical clinics in Boston. Eligible women had at least one prior mammogram and no personal history of cancer. Discussions were recorded and transcribed, and thematic content analyses were performed. African‐Americans and Hispanics felt that lack of insurance was not a barrier to mammography as they were aware of free programs. Some African‐Americans avoided mammograms because they were fatalistic and believed that a breast cancer diagnosis would inevitably lead to death. African‐Americans agreed that social issues, such as drug and domestic abuse, made obtaining preventive health care less important. Asian participants agreed that mammogram return rates were poor because appointments took time away from work. Asian and Hispanic women identified discourteous behavior by hospital staff as a barrier. Cultural barriers to repeat mammography appear to vary among different racial groups. Interventions to improve screening among minority populations may be more successful if they address group‐specific concerns. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of the growth‐promoting effects of testosterone and 7‐α‐methyl‐19‐nor‐testosterone (MENT) on the prostate and levator ani muscle of LPB‐tag transgenic mice
Authors: Shao T.C. , Li H.L. , Kasper S. , Matusik R. , Ittmann M. , Cunningham G.R. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractBACKGROUND7‐α‐methyl‐19‐nortestosterone (MENT) is being considered for androgen replacement in testosterone deficient men and as a male contraceptive. Because androgenic effects on the prostate are a major concern, we have evaluated MENT in a transgenic model of prostate cancer.METHODSLPB‐Tag mice were castrated and infused with testosterone (T; 5 or 30 µg/day) or MENT (5 or 30 µg/day) for 4 weeks. Prostate, seminal vesicle, and levator ani muscle (LAM) weights were compared.RESULTSAt an equivalent dose, MENT maintained or stimulated the mean weights of these organs more than T. However, the dorsolateral prostate/LAM ratio of weights did not favor MENT, but DNA/mg tissue and Ki 67 immunostaining suggested that MENT may increase DNA less than T.CONCLUSIONSMENT is more potent than T in maintaining or stimulating prostate, seminal vesicle, and LAM. Using doses that resulted in comparable stimulation of the levator ani muscle, MENT had similar effect on prostate weight, but increased DNA/mg prostate less than T in this transgenic mouse model of prostate cancer. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Aberrant expression of transmembrane mucins, MUC1 and MUC4, in human prostate carcinomas
Authors: Singh Ajay P. , Chauhan Subhash C. , Bafna Sangeeta , Johansson Sonny L. , Smith Lynette M. , Moniaux Nicolas , Lin Ming‐Fong , Batra Surinder K. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDMucins are considered important markers for early diagnosis and targeted therapy due to their aberrant and unique expression pattern during malignant progression of carcinomas. Recent findings have provided substantial evidence for the involvement of transmembrane mucins, MUC1 and MUC4, in altered cell signaling, tumor growth, and metastasis.METHODSImmunohistochemical analyses were performed on prostate tumor tissues for expression profiling of the two transmembrane mucins, MUC1 and MUC4. In cancer cell lines, the expression was studied by RT‐PCR and immunoblot analyses. Cells were treated with DNA‐methylase and histone‐deacetylase inhibitors to examine the implication of epigenetic mechanism(s) in MUC4 regulation.RESULTSThe expression of MUC4 was significantly downregulated in prostate cancer tissues (n = 38, P = 0.0026) compared to normal/benign prostatic hyperplastic regions. A faint to moderate staining was observed in 26.3% cases of cancer, while 84.2% cases of adjacent normal were positive for MUC4 with moderate to strong staining in most cases. Similar observations were made in immortalized normal prostate epithelial and cancer cell lines. MUC1 also showed a reduced expression in prostate tumor tissues; however, its expression was comparable in all normal prostate epithelial and cancer cell lines. Interestingly, we also found that epigenetic mechanism(s) might be implicated in MUC4 gene silencing.CONCLUSIONSOur data suggest that MUC4 downregulation may be of significance for diagnostic applications in prostate cancer. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Antitumor activity and downregulation of pro‐angiogenic molecules in human prostate cancer cells by a novel thiazolidione compound
Authors: Teraishi Fuminori , Wu Shuhong , Inoue Satoshi , Zhang Lidong , Davis John J. , Guo Wei , Dong Fengqin , Fang Bingliang 
Published: November 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDCurrent treatments for prostate cancer are effective in many patients with locally advanced disease, but many of these patients eventually have recurrence. It is therefore important to develop alternative therapeutic agents with improved efficacy and tolerability. We recently identified a synthetic thiazolidin compound, 5‐(2,4‐dihydroxybenzylidene)‐2‐(phenylimino)‐1,3‐thiazolidione (DBPT), that induces apoptosis in human colon cancer cells, independent of p53 and P‐glycoprotein status. Here, we investigated the antitumor properties and mechanisms of action of this compound in human prostate cancer cell lines.METHODSThe effect of DBPT on cell‐cycle progression and apoptosis in LNCaP and DU145 cells was examined by flow cytometry and Western blotting. The effect of DBPT on pro‐angiogenic molecules was analyzed by Western blotting and by an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.RESULTSDBPT inhibited the growth of LNCaP and DU145 cells with 50% inhibitory concentrations ranging from 1.6 to 5.9 µM. Treating LNCaP and DU145 cells with DBPT led to a time‐dependent cell‐cycle arrest in the G2/M phase and increased levels of G2/M checkpoint proteins, such as cyclin B1, cdc25C, phosphorylated histone H3, and MPM‐2. DBPT induced the phosphorylation of Bcl‐xL and Bim, and induced apoptosis, as evidenced by cleavage of caspase and poly (ADP‐ribose) polymerase. DBPT also effectively induced apoptosis in Bcl‐2‐overexpressing DU145 cells. Furthermore, DBPT decreased hypoxia‐inducible factor 1α and vascular endothelial growth factor expression in LNCaP cells under both normoxia and hypoxia.CONCLUSIONSDBPT can suppress proliferation, induce apoptosis, and downregulate pro‐angiogenic molecules in prostate cancercells, and might be useful in treating prostate cancer. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Structure of a ribulose 5‐phosphate 3‐epimerase from Plasmodium falciparum
Authors: Caruthers J. , Bosch J. , Buckner F. , Van Voorhis W. , Myler P. , Worthey E. , Mehlin C. , Boni E. , DeTitta G. , Luft J. , Lauricella A. , Kalyuzhniy O. , Anderson L. , Zucker F. , Soltis M. , Hol Wim G. J. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThe crystal structure of Pfal009167AAA, a putative ribulose 5‐phosphate 3‐epimerase (PfalRPE) from Plasmodium falciparum, has been determined to 2 Å resolution. RPE represents an exciting potential drug target for developing antimalarials because it is involved in the shikimate and the pentose phosphate pathways. The structure is a classic TIM‐barrel fold. A coordinated Zn ion and a bound sulfate ion in the active site of the enzyme allow for a greater understanding of the mechanism of action of this enzyme. This structure is solved in the framework of the Structural Genomics of Pathogenic Protozoa (SGPP) consortium. Proteins 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ferroelectric thin‐film characterization using a coplanar waveguide bandstop filter
Authors: Meng Qingduan , Zhang Xueqiang , Li Fei , Huang Jiandong , Zhu Xiaohong , Zheng Dongning , Cheng Bolin , Luo Qiang , Gu Changzhi , He Yusheng 
Published: November 2005

AbstractA new structure for the characterization of the permittivity of ferroelectric thin films at microwave frequencies is proposed. This new structure involves a coplanar waveguide (CPW) bandstop filter based on a ferroelectric thin film. Using the resonant frequency and Q value of the CPW bandstop filter, the dielectric constant (εr) and the loss tangent (tan δ) of the ferroelectric thin film were determined by comparing the measured responses with simulated results. To demonstrate this new structure, a CPW bandstop filter was fabricated on MgO substrate coated with Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3 (BST‐0.5). The dielectric parameters determined as a function of temperature and external bias are reported. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The role of phosphoinositides in mast cell signalling
Authors: Byrne Richard , Larijani Banafshé 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThe release of pre‐formed mediators such as histamine from mast cells and basophils is an integral part of the normal immune response to infection by parasites. This exocytosis is also characteristic response in a number of disease states including asthma, which, due to their prevalence in western society are becoming of increasing clinical importance. In an effort to tackle this growing problem much work has gone into unlocking the mechanisms through which mast cells function in health and disease. To date we have learned a lot about the various proteins that regulate degranulation. However, our knowledge on the contribution of lipids to this process is less clear. This review will discuss the role of phospholipids, particularly the phosphoinositides (PIs) in the processes that regulate mast cell exocytosis.