bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Retrospective National Water Model Soil Moisture and Streamflow for Drought‐Monitoring Applications
Authors: Hughes M. , Jackson D. L. , Unruh D. , Wang H. , Hobbins M. , Ogden F. L. , Cifelli R. , Cosgrove B. , DeWitt D. , Dugger A. , Ford T. W. , Fuchs B. , Glaudemans M. , Gochis D. , Quiring S. M. , RafieeiNasab A. , Webb R. S. , Xia Y. , Xu L. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)’s National Water Model (NWM) provides analyses and predictions of hydrologic variables relevant to drought monitoring and forecasts at fine time and space scales (hourly, 0.25–1 km). We present results exploring the potential for NWM soil moisture and streamflow analyses to inform operational drought monitoring. Both agricultural and hydrologic drought monitoring rely either explicitly or implicitly on an accurate representation of anomalous soil moisture values. Much of our analysis focuses on comparisons of soil moisture anomalies in the NWM to those from in‐situ observations. To establish benchmarks for NWM soil moisture skill, we also include other gridded data sets currently used to inform the US Drought Monitor, specifically those from the North American Land Data Assimilation System phase 2 (NLDAS‐2) land surface models. We then compare NWM streamflow low flows with ∼500 stream gauges from the United States Geological Survey (USGS) Hydro‐Climatic Data Network of undisturbed basins. The NWM soil moisture simulation’s skill parallels that from NLDAS‐2. The accuracy of drought condition identification from NWM streamflow exceeds that based on soil moisture as determined by Critical Success Index scores for extreme dry percentiles. Different meteorological forcings are used in the operational NWM cycles than those used in this retrospective analysis. This forcing disconnect, together with concerns about current‐generation land surface model soil moisture‐transport schemes, inhibit its current operational use for drought monitoring.
Interannual Variability of August Precipitation in China Associated With the Antarctic Sea Ice Anomaly
Authors: Xiao Chunyan , Duan Anmin , Wu Guoxiong , Tang Yuheng , Peng Yuzhuo , Hu Die 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThrough observational analysis and atmospheric simulation experiments, the relationship between sea ice in the region of South Pole and August precipitation in China was determined. Results indicate that the leading mode of August precipitation in China is significantly correlated with July sea ice concentration (SIC) in South Pole, specifically in eastern Indian Ocean (EIO) region. Typically, the SIC growth is followed by positive rainfall anomalies in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River Basin (YRB) and Northeast China (NEC), while South China (SC) is under the control of negative rainfall anomalies. Precisely, owing to the temporal persistence of sea ice in the South Polar region from May to August, sea ice anomalies exert a strong influence on August atmospheric stability in EIO of Southern Hemisphere via regulating turbulent heat flux and air temperature anomalies. As SIC increases, the atmospheric circulation in horizontal exhibits the characteristics of the Antarctic Oscillation (AAO) positive phase, affecting the zonal wind anomalies. Subsequently, the anomalous circulation with a barotropic structure propagates to Australia and the East Asian via the strengthened vertical meridional cells and zonal winds. Moreover, numerical simulations confirm that due to the growth of South Polar sea ice in EIO, abnormal cyclone and anticyclone appear over North China and SC respectively, together with the moisture converging anomalies in the middle and lower reaches of YRB, and diverging anomalies in SC. Accordingly, these atmospheric circulation anomalies triggered by Antarctic sea ice conducive to a wet (dry) August in northern (southern) China.
A Microphysical Thermal Model for the Lunar Regolith: Investigating the Latitudinal Dependence of Regolith Properties
Authors: Bürger Johanna , Hayne Paul O. , Gundlach Bastian , Läuter Matthias , Kramer Tobias , Blum Jürgen 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe microphysical structure of the lunar regolith provides information on the geologic history of the Moon. We used remote sensing measurements of thermal emission and a thermophysical model to determine the microphysical properties of the lunar regolith. We expand upon previous investigations by developing a microphysical thermal model, which more directly simulates regolith properties, such as grain size and volume filling factor. The modeled temperatures are matched with surface temperatures measured by the Diviner Lunar Radiometer Experiment on board the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter. The maria and highlands are investigated separately and characterized in the model by a difference in albedo and grain density. We find similar regolith temperatures for both terrains, which can be well described by similar volume filling factor profiles and mean grain sizes obtained from returned Apollo samples. We also investigate a significantly lower thermal conductivity for highlands, which formally also gives a very good solution, but in a parameter range that is well outside the Apollo data. We then study the latitudinal dependence of regolith properties up to ±80° latitude. When assuming constant regolith properties, we find that a variation of the solar incidence‐dependent albedo can reduce the initially observed latitudinal gradient between model and Diviner measurements significantly. A better match between measurements and model can be achieved by a variation in intrinsic regolith properties with a decrease in bulk density with increasing latitude. We find that a variation in grain size alone cannot explain the Diviner measurements at higher latitudes.
Mapping Permafrost Variability and Degradation Using Seismic Surface Waves, Electrical Resistivity, and Temperature Sensing: A Case Study in Arctic Alaska
Authors: Tourei Ahmad , Ji Xiaohang , Rocha dos Santos Gabriel , Czarny Rafal , Rybakov Sergei , Wang Ziyi , Hallissey Matthew , Martin Eileen R. , Xiao Ming , Zhu Tieyuan , Nicolsky Dmitry , Jensen Anne 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSubsurface processes significantly influence surface dynamics in permafrost regions, necessitating utilizing diverse geophysical methods to reliably constrain permafrost characteristics. This research uses multiple geophysical techniques to explore the spatial variability of permafrost in undisturbed tundra and its degradation in disturbed tundra in Utqiaġvik, Alaska. Here, we integrate multiple quantitative techniques, including multichannel analysis of surface waves (MASW), electrical resistivity tomography (ERT), and ground temperature sensing, to study heterogeneity in permafrost’s geophysical characteristics. MASW results reveal active layer shear wave velocities (Vs) between 240 and 370 m/s, and permafrost Vs between 450 and 1,700 m/s, typically showing a low‐high‐low velocity pattern. Additionally, we find an inverse relationship between in situ Vs and ground temperature measurements. The Vs profiles along with electrical resistivity profiles reveal cryostructures such as cryopeg and ice‐rich zones in the permafrost layer. The integrated results of MASW and ERT provide valuable information for characterizing permafrost heterogeneity and cryostructure. Corroboration of these geophysical observations with permafrost core samples’ stratigraphies and salinity measurements further validates these findings. This combination of geophysical and temperature sensing methods along with permafrost core sampling confirms a robust approach for assessing permafrost’s spatial variability in coastal environments. Our results also indicate that civil infrastructure systems such as gravel roads and pile foundations affect permafrost by thickening the active layer, lowering the Vs, and reducing heterogeneity. We show how the resulting Vs profiles can be used to estimate key parameters for designing buildings in permafrost regions and maintaining existing infrastructure in polar regions.
Spatial‐Temporal Differentiation of Supra‐ and Sub‐Permafrost Groundwater Contributions to River Runoff in the Eurasian Arctic and Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau Permafrost Regions
Authors: Wang Zhiwei , Sun Shouqin , Wang Genxu , Song Chunlin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSupra‐ and sub‐permafrost groundwater are the two main components of groundwater in permafrost regions. However, due to the lack of groundwater observational data, the spatial‐temporal differentiation of these groundwater components in permafrost basins remains unclear. Based on flow data from 17 hydrological stations in five permafrost rivers within the Eurasian Arctic and Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau permafrost regions, this study tries to determine the proportion of supra‐ and sub‐permafrost groundwater through the corresponding relationship between baseflow separation and baseflow index. The results showed that the annual average contribution of supra‐ and sub‐permafrost groundwater in river runoff to total streamflow in the Yangtze River source basin was 36.81% and 14.56%, respectively. Correspondingly, the Yellow River source basin was 36.58% and 24.46%, the Ob River basin was 37.05% and 26.83%, the Yenisei River basin was 28.80% and 36.56%, and the Lena River basin was 39.13% and 9.54%. Over the past 50–80 years, the ratio of sub‐permafrost groundwater discharge to river runoff and the flux of sub‐permafrost groundwater have shown an increasing trend in all study basins, which was significantly affected by air temperature and permafrost area. Relative contribution of supra‐permafrost groundwater exhibits a significant positive correlation with precipitation and permafrost area. Air temperature has both positive and negative effects on supra‐permafrost groundwater discharge, leading to a rising or falling trend of supra‐permafrost groundwater discharge. In the future, it is necessary to further explore the complex effects of groundwater discharge variations on streamflow in permafrost regions under climate warming.
Large‐Scale Channel Response to Erosion‐Control Measures
Authors: Ylla Arbós C. , Blom A. , White S. R. , Patzwahl R. , Schielen R. M. J. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractErosion‐control measures in rivers aim to provide sufficient navigation width, reduce local erosion, or to protect neighboring communities from flooding. These measures are typically devised to solve a local problem. However, local channel modifications trigger a large‐scale channel response in the form of migrating bed level and sediment sorting waves. Our objective is to investigate the large‐scale channel response to such measures. We consider the lower Rhine River from Bonn (Germany) to Gorinchem (the Netherlands), where numerous erosion‐control measures have been implemented since the 1980s. We analyze measured bed level data (1999–2020) around four erosion‐control measures, comprising scour filling, bendway weirs, and two fixed beds. To get further insight on the physics behind the observed behavior, we set up an idealized one‐dimensional numerical model. Finally, we study how the geometry and spacing of the measures affect channel response. We show that erosion‐control measures reduce the sediment flux due to (a) lack of erosion over the measure and (b) sediment trapping upstream of the measure, resulting in downstream‐migrating incision waves that travel tens of kilometers at decadal timescales. When the measures are in close proximity, their downstream effects may be amplified. We conclude that, despite fulfilling erosion‐control goals at the local scale, erosion‐control measures may worsen large‐scale channel‐bed incision.
Evaluation of Particle Scattering by Oxygen Ion Cyclotron Harmonic Waves in the Inner Magnetosphere
Authors: Yao Fei , Liu Kaijun , Yu Xiongdong , Yuan Zhigang , Wang Yan , Min Kyungguk 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe scattering of charged particles by oxygen ion cyclotron harmonic (OCH) waves in the inner magnetosphere is investigated by evaluating the relevant quasi‐linear diffusion coefficients. Recent studies demonstrated that OCH waves are oxygen ion Bernstein modes and their complex kinetic dispersion relation has made it challenging to assess their role in scattering charged particles. The present study calculates the quasi‐linear diffusion coefficients for the scattering of electrons and ions by OCH waves using their kinetic dispersion relation. The results show that OCH waves can effectively scatter electrons between ∼100 eV and 100s keV via Landau resonance. They are also capable of heating cold helium and oxygen ions through cyclotron resonances. Specially, it is found that the 4th harmonic of OCH waves can lead to effective heating of helium ions, while oxygen ions would interact more efficiently with lower harmonics of OCH waves.
Effects of Mid‐Latitude Oceanic Fronts on the Middle Atmosphere Through Upward Propagating Atmospheric Waves
Authors: Kawatani Y. , Nakamura H. , Watanabe S. , Sato K. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe impact of mid‐latitude oceanic frontal zones with sharp meridional sea‐surface temperature (SST) gradients on the middle atmosphere circulation during austral winter is investigated by comparing two idealized experiments with a high‐top gravity wave (GW) permitting general circulation model. Control run is performed with realistic frontal SST gradients, which are artificially smoothed in no‐front run. The control run simulates active baroclinic waves and GW generation around the mid‐latitude SST front, with GWs propagating into the stratosphere and mesosphere. In the no‐front run, by contrast, baroclinic‐wave activity is significantly suppressed, and GWs with smaller amplitude are excited and then dissipated at higher altitudes in the mesosphere. Westward wave forcing in the winter hemisphere was more pronounced in the control run up to ∼0.03 hPa, resulting in a more realistic reproduction of the middle atmospheric polar vortex. The results demonstrate the importance of realistic mid‐latitude ocean conditions for simulating the middle atmosphere circulation.
Beyond the marrow: insights from comprehensive next-generation sequencing of extramedullary multiple myeloma tumors
Authors: Jelinek T. , Zihala D. , Sevcikova T. , Anilkumar Sithara A. , Kapustova V. , Sahinbegovic H. , Venglar O. , Muronova L. , Broskevicova L. , Nenarokov S. , Bilek D. , Popkova T. , Plonkova H. , Vrana J. , Zidlik V. , Hurnik P. , Havel M. , Hrdinka M. , Chyra Z. , Stracquadanio G. , Simicek M. , Hajek R. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractExtramedullary multiple myeloma (EMM) is an aggressive form of multiple myeloma (MM). This study represents the most comprehensive next-generation sequencing analysis of EMM tumors (N = 14) to date, uncovering key molecular features and describing the tumor microenvironment. We observed the co-occurrence of 1q21 gain/amplification and MAPK pathway mutations in 79% of EMM samples, suggesting that these are crucial mutational events in EMM development. We also demonstrated that patients with mutated KRAS and 1q21 gain/amplification at the time of diagnosis have a significantly higher risk of EMM development (HR = 2.4, p = 0.011) using data from a large CoMMpass dataset. We identified downregulation of CXCR4 and enhanced cell proliferation, along with reduced expression of therapeutic targets (CD38, SLAMF7, GPRC5D, FCRH5), potentially explaining diminished efficacy of immunotherapy. Conversely, we identified significantly upregulated EZH2 and CD70 as potential future therapeutic options. For the first time, we report on the tumor microenvironment of EMM, revealing CD8+ T cells and NK cells as predominant immune effector cells using single-cell sequencing. Finally, this is the first longitudinal study in EMM revealing the molecular changes from the time of diagnosis to EMM relapse.
Effects of postnatal corticosteroids on lung development in newborn animals. A systematic review
Authors: Lok Irene M. , Wever Kimberley E. , Vliegenthart Roos J. S. , Onland Wes , van Kaam Anton H. , van Tuyl Minke 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
Postnatal systemic corticosteroids reduce the risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia but the effect depends on timing, dosing, and type of corticosteroids. Animal studies may provide valuable information on these variable effects. This systematic review summarizes the effects of postnatal systemic corticosteroids on lung development in newborn animals.

Methods
A systematic search was performed in PubMed and Embase in December 2022. The protocol was published on PROSPERO (CRD42021177701).

Results
Of the 202 eligible studies, 51 were included. Only newborn rodent studies met the inclusion criteria. Most studies used dexamethasone (98%). There was huge heterogeneity in study outcome measures and corticosteroid treatment regimens. Reporting of study quality indicators was mediocre and risk of bias was unclear due to poor reporting of study methodology. Meta-analysis showed that postnatal corticosteroids caused a decrease in body weight as well as persistent alveolar simplification. Subgroup analyses revealed that healthy animals were most affected.

Conclusion
In newborn rodents, postnatal systemic corticosteroids have a persistent negative effect on body weight and lung development. There was huge heterogeneity in experimental models, mediocre study quality, unclear risk of bias, and very small subgroups for meta-analysis which limited firm conclusions.

Impact

Postnatal corticosteroids reduce the risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia but the effect depends on timing, dosing, and type of corticosteroids while the underlying mechanism of this variable effect is unknown.

This is the first systematic review and meta-analysis of preclinical newborn animal studies reviewing the effect of postnatal systemic corticosteroids on lung development.

In newborn rodent models, postnatal corticosteroids have a persistent negative effect on body weight and lung alveolarization, especially in healthy animals.
Seeking sufficient and appropriate care during the first year after spinal cord injury: a qualitative study
Authors: Bryden Anne M. , Gran Brian 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Study design
Longitudinal qualitative study, based on a constructivist grounded theory and transformative approach.

Objectives
This study investigated experiences of individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) while navigating rehabilitation, resources for recovery, and community reintegration during the first year after injury.

Setting
An acute inpatient rehabilitation facility in the Midwest United States.

Methods
In-depth, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 individuals with newly-acquired SCI. Interviews were conducted approximately every other month for one year, beginning at acute inpatient rehabilitation. Data were analyzed and interpreted using a constructivist grounded theory approach and transformative paradigm, which examines power and social structures within and across institutions and gives voice to people at risk for marginalization.

Results
Participants experienced variable post-injury trajectories, with an average of four transitions within and across healthcare institutions in the first three months. Half of the cohort was discharged to a skilled nursing facility (SNF). Emergent themes included discharge (un)readiness; length of stay uncertainty and insurance impacts; challenges choosing a SNF including time-sensitive decisions; and early cessation of therapy in the SNF. Participants experienced resource navigation challenges such as communication/information access barriers and contending with many concerns at once.

Conclusions
The experiences of this cohort reveal significant challenges to attaining sufficient and appropriate rehabilitation. Acute inpatient rehabilitation is a critical aspect of recovery, but does not ensure sufficient intervention for maximization of functional skills and community reintegration. Innovative rehabilitation models need to be developed for positive impacts on successful transition to independent living in the community.
Lateral hypothalamus orexinergic projection to the medial prefrontal cortex modulates chronic stress-induced anhedonia but not anxiety and despair
Authors: Liu Danlei , Zheng Xuefeng , Hui Yuqing , Xu Yuanyuan , Du Jinjiang , Du Zean , Che Yichen , Wu Fengming , Yu Guangyin , Zhang Jifeng , Gong Xiaobing , Guo Guoqing 
Published: March 2024

AbstractChronic stress-induced anxiodepression is a common health problem, however its potential neurocircuitry mechanism remains unclear. We used behavioral, patch-clamp electrophysiology, chemogenetic, and optogenetic approaches to clarify the response of the lateral hypothalamus (LH) and the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) to stress, confirmed the structural connections between the LH and mPFC, and investigated the role of the LH–mPFC pathway in chronic stress-induced anxiodepression symptoms. Unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS) caused anxiodepression-like behaviors, including anxiety, anhedonia, and despair behaviors. We discovered that the activity of the LH and mPFC was both increased after restraint stress (RS), a stressor of UCMS. Then we found that the orexinergic neurons in the LH predominantly project to the glutamatergic neurons in the mPFC, and the excitability of these neurons were increased after UCMS. In addition, overactivated LH orexinergic terminals in the mPFC induced anhedonia but not anxiety and despair behaviors in naive mice. Moreover, chemogenetically inhibited LH–mPFC orexinergic projection neurons and blocked the orexin receptors in the mPFC alleviated anhedonia but not anxiety and despair behaviors in UCMS-treated mice. Our study identified a new neurocircuit from LH orexinergic neurons to mPFC and revealed its role in regulating anhedonia in response to stress.
The pleiotropic nature of NONO, a master regulator of essential biological pathways in cancers
Authors: Ronchetti Domenica , Traini Valentina , Silvestris Ilaria , Fabbiano Giuseppina , Passamonti Francesco , Bolli Niccolò , Taiana Elisa 
Published: March 2024

AbstractNONO is a member of the Drosophila behavior/human splicing (DBHS) family of proteins. NONO is a multifunctional protein that acts as a “molecular scaffold” to carry out versatile biological activities in many aspects of gene regulation, cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, DNA damage repair, and maintaining cellular circadian rhythm coupled to the cell cycle. Besides these physiological activities, emerging evidence strongly indicates that NONO-altered expression levels promote tumorigenesis. In addition, NONO can undergo various post-transcriptional or post-translational modifications, including alternative splicing, phosphorylation, methylation, and acetylation, whose impact on cancer remains largely to be elucidated. Overall, altered NONO expression and/or activities are a common feature in cancer. This review provides an integrated scenario of the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms and the biological processes affected by NONO in different tumor contexts, suggesting that a better elucidation of the pleiotropic functions of NONO in physiology and tumorigenesis will make it a potential therapeutic target in cancer. In this respect, due to the complex landscape of NONO activities and interactions, we highlight caveats that must be considered during experimental planning and data interpretation of NONO studies.