bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bar-driven Gas Dynamics of M31
Authors: Feng Zi-Xuan , Li Zhi , Shen Juntai , Gerhard Ortwin , Saglia R. P. , Blaña Matias , Li Hui , Jing Yingjie 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The large-scale gaseous shocks in the bulge of M31 can be naturally explained by a rotating stellar bar. We use gas dynamical models to provide an independent measurement of the bar pattern speed in M31. The gravitational potentials of our simulations are from a set of made-to-measure models constrained by stellar photometry and kinematics. If the inclination of the gas disk is fixed at i = 77°, we find that a low pattern speed of 16–20 km s−1 kpc−1 is needed to match the observed position and amplitude of the shock features, as shock positions are too close to the bar major axis in high Ω
b
models. The pattern speed can increase to 20–30 km s−1 kpc−1 if the inner gas disk has a slightly smaller inclination angle compared with the outer one. Including subgrid physics such as star formation and stellar feedback has minor effects on the shock amplitude, and does not change the shock position significantly. If the inner gas disk is allowed to follow a varying inclination similar to the H i and ionized gas observations, the gas models with a pattern speed of 38 km s−1 kpc−1, which is consistent with stellar-dynamical models, can match both the shock features and the central gas features.
The Emergence of a Brightest Cluster Galaxy in a Protocluster Core at z = 2.24
Authors: Shi Dong Dong , Wang Xin , Zheng Xian Zhong , Cai Zheng , Fan Xiaohui , Bian Fuyan , Teplitz Harry I. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
We report the detection of a pair of massive quiescent galaxies likely in the process of merging at the center of the spectroscopically confirmed, extremely massive protocluster BOSS1244 at z = 2.24 ± 0.02. These galaxies, BOSS1244-QG1 and BOSS1244-QG2, were detected with Hubble Space Telescope grism slitless spectroscopic observations. These two quiescent galaxies are among the brightest member galaxies, with z = 2.223–2.255 in BOSS1244, and reside at redshifts z = 2.244 and z = 2.242, with a half-light radius of 6.76 ± 0.50 kpc and 2.72 ± 0.16 kpc, respectively. BOSS1244-QG1 and BOSS1244-QG2 are separated by a projected distance of about 70 physical kpc, implying that the two galaxies likely merge to form a massive brightest cluster galaxy (BCG) with size and mass similar to the most massive BCGs in the local Universe. We thus infer that BCG formation through dry major mergers may happen earlier than the full assembly of a cluster core, which broadens our previous understanding of the coevolution of mature galaxy clusters and BCGs in the nearby Universe. Moreover, we find a strong density–star formation relation over a scale of ∼18 comoving Mpc in BOSS1244, i.e., star formation activity decreases as density increases, implying that the quenching of star formation in BCGs and their progenitors is likely governed by environment-related processes before the virialization of the cluster core.
AI-enhanced Citizen Science Discovery of an Active Asteroid: (410590) 2008 GB140
Authors: Chandler Colin Orion , Sedaghat Nima , Oldroyd William J. , Trujillo Chadwick A. , Burris William A. , Hsieh Henry H. , Kueny Jay K. , Farrell Kennedy A. , DeSpain Jarod A. , Magbanua Mark Jesus Mendoza , Sheppard Scott S. , Mazzucato Michele T. , Bosch Milton K. D. , Shaw-Diaz Tiffany , Gonano Virgilio , Lamperti Al , da Silva Campos José A. , Goodwin Brian L. , Terentev Ivan A. , Dukes Charles J. A. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
We report the discovery of cometary activity emanating from Main-belt asteroid 410590 (2008 GB140), a finding facilitated, for the first time, by an artificial intelligence (AI) assistant. The assistant, TailNet, is a prototype we designed to enhance volunteer efforts of our Citizen Science project Active Asteroids, a NASA Partner program hosted on the Zooniverse platform. Our follow-up investigation revealed eight Dark Energy Camera images showing 2008 GB140 with a tail spanning UT 2023 April 23–UT 2023 July 3, when the object was inbound to perihelion. We classify 2008 GB140 as an active asteroid and a candidate Main-belt comet (MBC)—a main-belt asteroid that undergoes volatile sublimation-driven activity. Notably, 2008 GB140 is presently near perihelion, thus the object is a prime target for follow-up observations to further characterize its activity.
Digitization Coordination Workshop Report
Authors: Livermore Laurence , Little Holly , Goodwin Jillian , Orli Sylvia , Hardy Helen , Berger Frederik , Braker Emily , Chapman Jacqueline , Cohen Lauren , Grant Sharon , Grosso Jesse , Jennings David , Mast Austin , Motz Gary , Nelson Gil , Rios Nelson , Rossi Vincent , Schuster Franziska , Snyder Rebecca , Sobers Kira , Sweeney Patrick , Watson Kimberly , Wilkins Alyson , Zaspel Jennifer , Zimkus Breda , Zorich Diane 
Published: February 2024

Many larger museums and archives have begun to implement a centralized approach to digitization of collections by creating Digitization Coordinator positions. This new effort has initiated a singular vision for digitization that incorporates priorities, workflows, and resources to greatly improve the efficiency and throughput of digitization in collections. Smaller institutions are now starting to see the benefit of creating a more structured cross-disciplinary approach to digitization, allowing for better awareness and resourcing of digitization needs.
The workshop brought together natural sciences digitization professionals from the USA and EU, highlighting lessons learned and best practices to realize the benefits of a coordinated approach including advocacy for digitization, accelerating digitization efficiency and, ultimately, increasing digital collections access and usability to address societal challenges, such as biodiversity decline. Insights, lessons learned and initial thoughts on best practices are described, and the supporting workshop resources are shared so that others can benefit.
Indoor Environmental Quality In Preschool Buildings In an Andean City In Ecuador
Authors: Ochoa-Avilés Angélica , Parra-Ullauri Andrea , Jaramillo-Torres María José , Escandón Samuel , Parra-Ullauri Mayra , Mejía Danilo , Ochoa-Avilés Cristina , Rodas-Espinoza Claudia 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT
Indoor environmental quality has been associated with the health and wellbeing of building occupants; nevertheless, there is limited evidence in this regard for Latin American schools. This research aimed to characterize indoor environmental quality in public and private preschools in an Andean city in Ecuador. Data collection comprised onsite monitoring for the thermal-humidity microclimate of 90 classrooms in 30 preschools in Cuenca-Ecuador (March-August 2018). Infrared thermography and direct observation were applied to determine dampness. Classrooms seemed to be inadequate thermal-humidity microclimates; only a few maintained a comfortable temperature (6%) and relative humidity (11%) throughout the shift. When comparing public and private schools, in private schools, temperatures below the comfort range (61.3% in private schools vs 31.4% in public schools, p&lt;0.001) and relative humidity measures above the comfort range were more frequent (74.3% in private schools vs. 58.6% in public schools, p&lt;0.001). Hollow blocks were the primary construction material in private and public schools. Sixty-four per cent of private schools operated in adaptive, reused buildings, vs 19% in public schools (p&lt;0.05). Infrared thermography confirmed dampness in 26% (n=23) of the classrooms in the covering structures indoors (15% in public vs 33% in private schools, p&lt;0.05). This research reveals the urgent need to develop specific regulations and control mechanisms for building sustainable and healthy environments for preschools in Ecuador.
Das Theater als kulturelle Institution in Zagreb (Agram) und das Jahr 1818
Authors: Car Milka 
Published: February 2024

Anlässlich des Besuches der Stadt Zagreb/Agram durch das Kaiserpaar Franz I. und Caroline am 28. Juni 1818 verfasste der langjährige Leiter der deutschsprachigen Theatertruppe in Agram Joseph Bubenhofen eine kurze Schrift unter dem Titel Die Beschreibung der Illumination, welche in der Königl. Haupt. und Freystadt Agram den 28. Juni 1818 bei der allerhöchsten Anwesenheit Ihrer k. k. Majestäten Franz und Caroline gegeben wurde. Die Beschreibung der Festlichkeiten in dieser Schrift wird als Ausgangspunkt für die Analyse der imperialen Repräsentationen und Loyalitätsbekundungen am Beginn des 19. Jahrhunderts genommen. Neben den an die imperialen Repräsentationen angelehnten Modernisierungsbemühungen werden auch die mit der Institution Theater verbundenen Diskurse analysiert, da anlässlich des Kaiserbesuches auch Theaterinszenierungen angeboten wurden – es handelt sich ja um das Theater als eines der wichtigsten Medien des späten 18. und des beginnenden 19. Jahrhunderts. Zu rekonstruieren ist die Rolle des deutschsprachigen Theaters als eine bedeutende Entwicklungsphase der Theatergeschichte in Zagreb/Agram am Beginn des 19. Jahrhunderts. Dies erfolgt in Anlehnung an die Theaterrezensionen und Nachrichten aus Wiener Zeitung und der ersten Theaterzeitschrift in deutscher Sprache Agramer Theater Journal. Verfolgt wird die Rolle der kulturvermittelnden Leitinstitutionen wie Zeitschriften und Theater im multiethnischen Umfeld der Habsburgermonarchie.
Erdr1 Drives Macrophage Programming via Dynamic Interplay with YAP1 and Mid1
Authors: Wang Yuhang 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Erythroid differentiation regulator 1 (Erdr1) is a stress-induced, widely expressed, highly conserved secreted factor found in both humans and mice. Erdr1 is linked with the Hippo-YAP1 signaling. Initially identified as an inducer of hemoglobin synthesis, Erdr1 emerged as a multifunctional protein, especially in immune cells. Although Erdr1 has been implicated in regulating T cells and NK cell function, its role in macrophage remains unclear. This study explored the function and mechanism of Erdr1 in macrophage inflammatory response. The data demonstrated that Erdr1 could promote anti-inflammatory cytokine production, a function that also has been reported by previous research. However, I found Erdr1 also could play a proinflammatory role. The function of Erdr1 in macrophages depends on its dose and cell density. I observed that Erdr1 expression was inhibited in M1 macrophages but was upregulated in M2 macrophages compared with unpolarized macrophages. I hypothesized that Erdr1 balances the inflammatory response by binding with distinct adaptors dependent on varying concentrations. Mechanistically, I demonstrated YAP1 and Mid1 as the two adaptor proteins of Erdr1. The Erdr1–YAP1 interaction promotes anti-inflammatory cytokine production when Erdr1 levels are elevated, whereas the Erdr1–Mid1 interaction induces proinflammatory cytokine production when Erdr1 levels are decreased. This study highlights the effects of Erdr1 on regulating cytokine production from polarized macrophages potentially by regulating YAP1 in the nonclassical Hippo pathway.
Occupational exposure to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 in wastewater and its implications in the gulf region
Authors: Elhadi Rami , Okoh Anthony Ifeanyi , Semerjian Lucy 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT
Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) is a viral disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus-2(SARS-CoV-2) that affects the respiratory system and causes varying symptoms including fever and cough. Throughout the current COVID-19 pandemic, several studies have confirmed that raw wastewater may contain the SARS-CoV-2 genome as the virus is shed from excreta of infected individuals. This review examined the literature from 2020 to 2023 on occupational health, safety, wastewater, and SARS-CoV-2, excluding clinical aspects. Relevant publications from previous epidemics (SARS-CoV-1 and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus) were also considered. Quantitative microbial risk assessments have been used previously and in the current pandemic to assess the risk of inhaling aerosolized SARS-CoV-2 generated during the wastewater treatment processes. Meanwhile, water-based epidemiology (WBE) has been effective in identifying and tracking high incidence hotspots as well as mitigating the spread of the disease. Inefficient processes in wastewater treatment plants may be a source of SARS-CoV-2 transmission to workers employed at such plants as well as to personnel handling treated wastewater for reuse purposes such as irrigation and recreation, more so in the gulf countries owing to the extreme limitation of freshwater in this region; thus, exploring the implications of SARS-CoV-2 genome in wastewater to safeguard occupational and public health is crucial. WBE can assist in the pandemic prevention and control measures by investigating SARS-CoV-2 virus survival and transmission through the wastewater treatment and effective control measures. This review presents an overview of occupational exposure to SARS-CoV-2 from wastewater aerosols and elucidates its implications, while recommending preventive and mitigation measures.
Study on the mechanism of 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid in retinal ischemia–reperfusion injury
Authors: Lv Liang , Zhou Li-Xiao , Jiang Fei-Fei 
Published: February 2024

Purpose:
To explore the effect of 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) on retinal ischemia–reperfusion injury (RIRI) and the protective effect of N‐hydroxy‐N’‐(4‐n‐butyl‐2‐methylphenyl)formamidine (HET0016) on RIRI.

Methods:
Male Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly divided into the normal control group, experimental model group (RIRI group), experimental solvent group (RIRI + solvent group), and experimental treatment group (RIRI + HET0016 group).

Results:
The levels of 20-HETE, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in the retina of rats at 24 h after reperfusion were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Hematoxylin–eosin staining was used to observe the retinal morphological and thickness changes at 24 h, 48 h, and 7 days after reperfusion. The number and localized expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9–positive cells in the retina of the rats at 24 h after reperfusion and the activation and localized expression of retinal microglia at 48 h after reperfusion were measured using an immunohistochemical method. The nuclear metastasis of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB, p65) cells at 24 h after reperfusion was observed using an immunofluorescence method.

Conclusion:
Overall, 20-HETE might activate microglia to aggravate RIRI by the NF-κB pathway, but HET0016 has significant protective effects for the retina.
Stereomicroscopy – A Potential Technique for Forensic Dental Profiling
Authors: Patel Pankti , Patel Dhwani 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
“Forensic odontology” is concerned with the proper handling, inspection, and assessment of dental evidence as well as the correct analysis and representation of dental findings. An odontologist is regularly called upon to help identify unknown human remains and dental evidence recovered from crime scenes and disasters. Dental profiling is the study of teeth and their surrounding structures with the goal of determining a victim’s identity. One can estimate an individual’s age, gender, and ethnicity using dental profiling. It can also be used to determine dental anthropological features such as personal habits, diet, nutritional deficiencies, oral health, and social class. Dental profiling can be done in a number of ways by either invasive or noninvasive methods. By studying and examining solid samples with complicated surface topography for macro features, stereomicroscopy is one of the ways that might be useful in it. Such a technique could be useful for both invasive and noninvasive dental profiling approaches. Stereomicroscopy refers to a microscopic technique that can be used for stereoscopic viewing or three-dimensional imaging with depth and contrast perception; it is essential for interpreting specimen structure. A stereomicroscope or dissecting microscope is a device used to observe a sample at a low magnification utilizing light reflected off the object’s surface rather than transmitted through it. This paper provides an overview of the stereomicroscope’s usage, applications, and benefits in microscopic forensic dental profiling.
Evaluation of Ataxia–Telangiectasia Mutated IVS10 Mutation in Breast Cancer Along with Clinicopathological Parameters
Authors: Ahuja Sana , Aneja Himani , Yadav Amit Kumar , Ranga Sunil , Chintamani  , Paul Jaishree 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide, with an estimated 2.26 million new cases diagnosed in 2020. The important genes associated include BRCA1, BRCA2, CHEK2, PTEN, TP53, and ataxia–telangiectasia mutated (ATM). ATM is responsible for repairing double-strand breaks in DNA making it a significant candidate in breast cancer predisposition. ATM variant, c.1066-6T>G, has been associated with an increased risk of breast cancer in some but not all studies. The Indian studies on the allele IVS10-6T>G are very limited. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the associations between c.1066-6T>G ATM gene variant and breast cancer incidence in Indian women and its correlation with histological grade, stage, and surrogate molecular classification.

Materials and Methods:
Routine histopathological processing was done after adequate fixation of the specimen followed by staining with hematoxylin and eosin and immunohistochemistry for ER, PR, Her2neu, and Ki67. Single-nucleotide polymorphism for ATM allele IVS10-6T>G was studied after DNA extraction, polymerase chain reaction amplification, and restriction enzyme digestion.

Results:
All cases were found to be negative for ATM allele IVS10-6T>G mutation. Maximum number of patients (19 cases; 52.78%) had pT2 stage tumor followed by 11 patients (30.56%) with pT3. Majority of cases were luminal B (11; 30.56%) followed by triple negative (10; 27.78%).

Conclusion:
Although the results obtained by mutational analysis in the present study are not in agreement with the previous study on Indian women it agrees with the numerous previous studies and meta-analyses done on women with breast carcinoma in the Western world.
Lifestyle factors on the long-term survival of gastric cancer patients after radical resection: A cohort study
Authors: Wu Huadong , Zhang Jinjia , Zhou Baojun 
Published: February 2024

Background:
This retrospective cohort study aimed to evaluate the effect of lifestyle factors (e.g., smoking, drinking, physical exercise, and sleep duration) on the long-term survival of gastric cancer (GC) patients after radical resection.

Materials and Methods:
GC patients after radical resection were enrolled from January 2016 to December 2017. Their baseline clinical data, lifestyle factors, and prognosis were collected. The primary endpoint was all-cause death. The relationship between the variables and survival was examined using the Cox proportional hazards model.

Results:
A total of 309 patients were enrolled and 296 patients were followed up for a median of 54.0 months, with 130 confirmed deaths. Older age (>60 years) (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.307, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.056–2.161, P = 0.006), advanced tumor, node, and metastasis stage (P < 0.05), poorly pathological differentiation (HR: 1.765, 95% CI: 1.080–2.884, P = 0.023), history of smoking (P < 0.001), never physical exercise (HR: 2.057, 95% CI: 1.170–3.617, P = 0.012), long sleep duration (≥8 h) (HR: 4.160, 95% CI: 1.501–11.533, P = 0.006), and short sleep duration (<6 h) (HR: 3.417, 95% CI: 1.312–8.900, P = 0.012) were independent indicators of a poor overall survival in GC patients after radical resection.

Conclusion:
Smoking cessation, proper sleep duration, and regular physical exercise habits can improve the long-term survival of GC patients after radical resection.
Ethical considerations for real-world evidence studies
Authors: Bhatt Arun 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Real-world evidence (RWE) studies are conducted on patient’s data primarily collected for monitoring of health status of patients. The use of real-world data to generate evidence in academic research or for regulatory submission raises a variety of ethical issues such as privacy, confidentiality, data protection, data de-identification, data sharing, scientific design of study, and informed consent requirements. The investigators–researchers and sponsors should adhere to current standards of ethics whilst planning and conduct of RWE studies. The ethics committees should consider ethical issues specific to RWE studies before approval.
A Rare Case of Infantile Otalgia and Otorrhagia due to Alive Leech Bite
Authors: Kadasah Sultan Khalid , Argabi Ahmed , Al Shahrani Abdullah , Al-Malki Adnan , Dlboh Shahd 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Pediatric ear infestation with leeches is a rare event; however, it can lead to serious complications. Leeches usually make their way into the human body through bathing with or drinking of contaminated water from nonhygienic sources and swimming in infested water. To our knowledge, this is the first report of leech removal from the external auditory canal in an infant. We described the case of a 3-month-old infant who presented to our institution with sudden left otalgia, otorrhagia, poor oral intake, and prolonged crying for 4 days, culminating in a single epileptic attack, drowsiness, and electrolyte disturbances. Microscopic visualization of the left ear revealed minimal oozing of blood with clots obscuring the ear canal and a live motile 3 cm leech deeply seated near the tympanic membrane. Extraction was performed. The bloody discharge ceased completely and all symptoms were relieved. Leech infestation is typically considered after other potential etiologies in infants with sudden otorrhagia and otalgia living in an endemic region. It should be considered a hidden cause of pediatric discomfort. Detailed history taking and meticulous ear examinations are vital for the prompt management to avoid unnecessary computed tomography imaging and radiation, unhelpful interventions, and delayed treatment. A diagnosis was reached and treatment performed by careful inspection and leech removal, respectively.
Alprazolam (Xanax®) Inhalant Misuse: Associated Nasal Necrosis in a Young Healthy Patient
Authors: Aldahlawi Moataz M. S. , Marasini Anurag 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Inhalant drug abuse can result in sinonasal and pulmonary complications, including necrosis of the nasal cavity and upper aerodigestive tract. This case report focuses on a 26-year-old male who presented with nasal obstruction and was later diagnosed with endonasal necrosis associated with alprazolam (Xanax®) inhalation. Despite the known misuse of benzodiazepines, particularly through the oral route, inhalation remains a common method of misuse among adolescents. The patient’s symptoms improved after discontinuing alprazolam use and continuing nasal rinsing. The underlying mechanism of injury and the specific role of alprazolam inhalation in causing necrosis are not well understood, emphasizing the need for further research. Inhalant substance abuse is a significant issue among youth and young adults, necessitating targeted interventions and counseling to mitigate the potential gateway effect to more harmful substances.