bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and evaluation of novel ferrocene‐substituted triadimenol analogues
Authors: Fang Jianxin , Jin Zhong , Hu Yan , Tao Weifeng , Shao Ling 
Published: September 2006

AbstractIn search of potent 1H‐1,2,4‐triazole derivatives with improving antifungal activity, a class of novel ferrocene–triadimenol analogues was synthesized and their biological potential evaluated. Screening data revealed that these new derivatives did not have the antifungal activities of parent compounds, but showed unexpectedly promising plant growth regulatory activity. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ultrasonographically guided surgical approach to liver tumours involving the hepatic veins close to the caval confluence
Authors: Torzilli G , Montorsi M , Del Fabbro D , Palmisano A , Donadon M , Makuuchi M 
Published: September 2006

Abstract

Background
Intraoperative ultrasonography (IOUS) may allow a more conservative procedure in patients with liver tumours involving a hepatic vein at the caval confluence. The aim of this study was to determine whether IOUS and colour Doppler IOUS might reduce the rate of major hepatectomy and vascular reconstruction in patients with such tumours.

Methods
Of 133 consecutive patients with a liver tumour who underwent hepatectomy, 22 had involvement of a hepatic vein at the caval confluence. The surgical strategy employed was determined by IOUS findings of the relationship between the tumour and hepatic vein, the presence of accessory veins, and portal flow as measured by colour Doppler IOUS following clamping of the hepatic vein to be resected. Mortality, morbidity, major resection, hepatic vein reconstruction and local recurrence rates were evaluated.

Results
There were no hospital deaths and only one patient suffered major morbidity. Although hepatic vein resection was performed in 15 patients, only two underwent major hepatectomy and none had vascular reconstruction. No patients had tumour recurrence at a mean follow-up of 23 months.

Conclusion
IOUS allowed sparing of the liver parenchyma without tumour recurrence in most patients with a tumour involving a hepatic vein at the caval confluence, avoiding more extensive hepatectomy or vascular reconstruction.
Randomized clinical trial of local gentamicin–collagen treatment in advancement flap repair for anal fistula
Authors: Gustafsson U-M , Graf W 
Published: September 2006

Abstract

Background
Endoanal advancement flap repair is widely used in sphincter-preserving surgery for anal fistula, but the high recurrence rate is a major problem. A possible cause of non-healing is local infection of the flap. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether local antibiotic treatment with gentamicin–collagen improves healing after endoanal advancement flap repair for anal fistula.

Methods
Eighty-three patients (52 men and 31 women; mean age 47 (range 17–71) years) who had endoanal advancement flap repair for anal fistula between September 1998 and January 2004 were randomized to surgery with (42 patients) or without (41 patients) application of gentamicin–collagen beneath the flap. Patients were evaluated at 1–3 and 12 months after surgery for healing and/or recurrence.

Results
The overall healing rate with no recurrence at 1 year after surgery was 57 per cent (47 of 83). Twenty-six of 42 patients randomized to gentamicin–collagen healed primarily compared with 21 of 41 patients randomized to surgery only. There were no overall differences in healing rate according to sex, previous fistula surgery, complexity of fistula, smoking habit or body mass index.

Conclusion
Endoanal advancement flap repair for anal fistula has a fairly high primary recurrence rate. Healing was not significantly improved by local application of gentamicin–collagen.
Randomized clinical trial of the effects on anal function of Milligan–MorganversusFerguson haemorrhoidectomy
Authors: Jóhannsson H Ö , Påhlman L , Graf W 
Published: September 2006

AbstractBackgroundStudies of haemorrhoidectomy usually report postoperative pain, healing and complications, but rarely consider anal function in the longer term. The primary aim of this randomized trial was to compare long-term changes in anal function after open (Milligan–Morgan) and closed (Ferguson) haemorrhoidectomy.MethodsA total of 225 patients were included in the trial, 115 in the open group and 110 in the closed group. Continence changes were recorded by means of validated questions and an incontinence score. Pain was self-reported using a visual analogue scale.ResultsPostoperative pain and complications did not differ between the groups. Time to recovery was 17 days in the Milligan-Morgan group and 15 days in the Ferguson group. After 1 month the wounds were healed in 57·0 per cent of patients in the open group and 70·6 per cent of those in the closed group (P = 0·058). At 1 year, 78·9 per cent of the Milligan–Morgan group and 85·3 per cent of the Ferguson group reported no continence disturbance (P = 0·072). The incontinence score was improved at 1 year in the closed group (P = 0·015), but was unchanged in the open group (P = 0·645). Patients who had the Ferguson procedure were more satisfied with the outcome of surgery (P = 0·047).ConclusionClosed Ferguson haemorrhoidectomy was superior to the open Milligan–Morgan procedure with respect to long-term anal continence and patient satisfaction.
A 10-year review of surgery for desmoid disease associated with familial adenomatous polyposis
Authors: Latchford A R , Sturt N J H , Neale K , Rogers P A , Phillips R K S 
Published: September 2006

Abstract

Background
Desmoid tumours affect 10–25 per cent of patients with familial adenomatous polyposis and represent a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Surgery for intra-abdominal desmoids has traditionally been used as a last resort or to manage obstructive complications. The aim was to review 10 years of desmoid surgery in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis from a single centre.

Methods
Patients who had surgery for desmoid disease between 1994 and 2004 were identified from the Polyposis Registry database and their hospital notes reviewed.

Results
Twenty patients had surgery to remove 32 desmoid tumours (16 intra-abdominal, 12 abdominal wall, four extra-abdominal). Complete clearance was achieved in 19 tumours and, of these, clinically significant recurrence occurred in eight. There was no difference in recurrence rates for site or sex. There was no operative mortality. Intra-abdominal desmoid resection was associated with a mean resection of 45·55 (range 10–200) cm of small bowel. One patient required long-term parenteral feeding. Median follow-up was 5 (range 0·6–10) years. During this period, one patient died (metastatic duodenal cancer); there was no mortality from desmoid disease.

Conclusion
Surgery for intra-abdominal desmoids in selected patients is less hazardous than previously reported. Surgery for abdominal wall and extra-abdominal tumours is safe. However, disease recurrence remains a major problem.
Increased angiogenic response but deficient arteriolization and abnormal microvessel ultrastructure in critical leg ischaemia
Authors: Ho T K , Rajkumar V , Black C M , Abraham D J , Baker D M 
Published: September 2006

AbstractBackgroundIschaemia is known to induce angiogenesis, but the effects of critical leg ischaemia (CLI) on angiogenesis remain unclear. The aim of this study was to examine the physiological angiogenic response in CLI by investigating the extent of neovascularization, characterizing microvessel subtypes and determining the microvessel ultrastructure.MethodsGastrocnemius muscles were biopsied from 12 patients with CLI and 12 without leg ischaemia. Microvessels were evaluated immunohistochemically using three endothelial markers (anti-CD31, anti-CD34 and PAL-E) and anti-α smooth muscle actin (SMA) as a mural cell marker to label arterioles. Ki67 was used to demonstrate active cell proliferation. Further microvessel ultrastructural characteristics were determined by transmission electron microscopy.ResultsThe CLI group had significantly higher microvessel density and microvessel : muscle fibre ratio for all endothelial subtypes examined (P &lt; 0·001). PAL-E staining demonstrated the highest increase: 4·7 times higher in CLI muscle. There was no significant difference in αSMA-positive microvessel density (P = 0·118) or microvessel : muscle fibre ratio (P = 0·214). Ki67 staining showed no active cell proliferation. Transmission electron microscopy showed CLI microvessels had abnormal morphology, mainly a thick basement membrane.ConclusionA physiological angiogenic response was found in CLI, but the microvessels had an abnormal ultrastructure. A lack of active cell proliferation suggests that the angiogenic response may have been exhausted.
Relationships between personal values and reported behavior on ethical scenarios for law students
Authors: Palermo Josephine , Evans Adrian 
Published: September 2006

AbstractLawyers' values might be considered to play some role in the decisions that are made in everyday legal practice. This study aimed to explore the effects of personal value hierarchies on ethical decision making within the context of several ethical dilemmas. A questionnaire was administered utilizing hypothetical situations presented in 11 ethical scenarios and including the Rokeach Value Survey. Logistic regression results suggested that different personal values were significant predictors of reported behavioral choices on respective ethical scenarios. However, the most important values associated with behavior consistent with ethical conduct in scenarios were ‘honesty’ and ‘equality’. The implications of results are discussed in the contexts of ethics education in a tertiary educational environment and in relation to regulation for the professions. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The relation of psychopathy to concurrent aggression and antisocial behavior in high‐risk adolescent girls and boys
Authors: Penney Stephanie R. , Moretti Marlene M. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe present study examined the concurrent relationship between psychopathy characteristics as measured by the PCL:YV and aggressive and antisocial behavior in a sample of 142 high‐risk adolescent girls and boys. The unique relationship between each of three PCL:YV factors (Arrogant and Deceitful Interpersonal Style, Deficient Affective Experience, and Impulsive and Irresponsible Behavioral Style) and outcomes was evaluated to determine which aspects of psychopathy are most crucially linked to aggressive and antisocial behavior in adolescents. Dependent measures were expanded to include both relational and physical forms of aggression to better capture meaningful outcomes for girls and boys. Regression analyses showed that the relationships between psychopathic features and outcomes were equivalent for boys and girls, and that deficits in affect were most consistently associated with aggression. These findings are concordant with the well established finding in developmental research showing that deficits in empathy and affect regulation are associated with aggression. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Diverting multi‐problem youth from juvenile justice: investigating the importance of community influence on placement and recidivism
Authors: Hamilton Zachary K. , Sullivan Christopher J. , Veysey Bonita M. , Grillo Michele 
Published: September 2006

AbstractIn the U.S., diversion has increasingly become one of the most utilized alternatives to detention of delinquent youth. Programs providing diversion can vary greatly. Variations in program design make it difficult to evaluate the effectiveness of program outcomes. Utilizing hierarchical linear modeling, this study examines variations in outcome for ten program sites of the New York State MH/JJ Diversion Project. Program and youth predictors were evaluated on two outcomes: out‐of‐ community placement and recidivism. At the individual level, significant mental health and substance abuse problems, age, prior placements, and use of wraparound funds were predictive of youth placements, while significant substance abuse problems were predictive of recidivism. Program variations were found to have a significant impact on youth outcomes. Specifically, sites providing direct (or “in house”) care had significantly reduced rates of placement. Study results and implications for future research are discussed. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Impact of Epimerization Domains on the Intermodular Transfer of Enzyme‐Bound Intermediates in Nonribosomal Peptide Synthesis
Authors: Stein Daniel B. , Linne Uwe , Hahn Martin , Marahiel Mohamed A. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractAssembly of bioactive natural compounds through the action of nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs) relies on the specific interplay of modules and domains along these multiple mega‐enzymes. As the C termini of several bacterial NRPSs often harbor epimerization (E) domains that generate D‐amino acids, these seem to facilitate the ordered intermolecular enzymatic interaction and the directed transfer of intermediates. To elucidate this bifunctional role, E domains in recombinant bimodular proteins derived from the tyrocidine synthetase B were investigated. By utilizing sequent tryptic proteolysis and HPLC Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FTICR‐MS), we could directly interrogate and determine the formation of intermediates attached to the TycB3‐PCP domain of wild‐type TycB2–3 and to the E domain exchange enzyme TycB2–3‐AT⋅CAT/EtycA. In addition, the two proteins and a version of TycB2–3 fused to the communication‐mediating (COM) domain of TycA were applied in product formation assays with TycB1 to corroborate E domain impact on intermodular NRPS interaction. Significant functional differences between the C‐terminal aminoacyl‐ and peptidyl‐E domains were observed in terms of in trans interaction and misinitiation. E domains originating from elongation modules (peptidyl‐E domains) seem to be optimized for regulation of the progression of peptide bond formation, epimerization, and intermediate transfer to the downstream module, whereas E domains of initiation modules (aminoacyl‐E domains) impair upstream condensation and cause misinitiation. The selection of E domains is therefore decisive for successful application in biocombinatorial engineering of nonribosomal peptides.
A Model for Cell‐Surface‐Exposed Carbohydrate Moieties Suitable for Structural Studies by NMR Spectroscopy
Authors: Mares Jiri , Müller Jan U. , Skirgailiene Audrone , Neumoin Alexey , Bewley Carole A. , Schmidt Richard R. , Zerbe Oliver 
Published: September 2006

AbstractIn the present study a synthetic glycolipid system is presented that can be readily incorporated into phospholipid micelles and that allows the study of cell‐surface‐exposed carbohydrate units by high‐resolution NMR techniques. Here, we present an efficient route for the synthesis of glycolipid compounds that contain mannose, mannobiose, or mannotriose coupled either directly to an alkyl chain or through a poly(ethylene glycol) linker. Furthermore, we have validated our model system by measuring the binding of cyanovirin N (CV‐N), a cyanobacterial protein that binds with nanomolar affinity to the terminal arms of high‐mannose structures of the HIV surface‐envelope glycoprotein gp120, to glycolipids the carbohydrate portions of which comprise the corresponding high‐mannose moieties. From the results of chemical‐shift mapping with uniformly 15N‐labelled CV‐N, we conclude that binding to the protein occurs at sites similar to those involved in binding the nonconjugated carbohydrates. We characterized the insertion of the glycolipids into dodecylphosphocholine (DPC) micelles by measuring translational diffusion, and we observed that the diffusion constants of the glycolipids were very similar to those of the DPC micelles themselves, but significantly deviated from those of the free glycolipids. We also present experimental proof that the glycolipids remain inserted in the micelles while binding to CV‐N. Finally, by addition of a ligand that had a higher affinity to CV‐N but which was not attached did not couple to a lipid anchor, CV‐N could be released from the glycolipid and, hence, from the micelle‐associated state.
A Hybrid Metal Oxide Supercapacitor in Aqueous KOH Electrolyte†
Authors: Wang Xiao‐Feng , You Zheng , Ruan Dian‐Bo 
Published: September 2006

AbstractA novel type of composite electrode based on sheet like cobalt oxide particles has been used in supercapacitors. Cobalt oxide cathodically deposited from Co(NO3)2 solution with carbon nanotubes as matrix exhibited large pseudo‐capacitance of 322 F·g−1 in 6 mol·L−1 KOH. A sol‐gel process for the preparation of ultrafine RuO2 particles was developed to design electrodes with large surface area. The composite electrodes were developed by the deposition of RuO2 on the surface of carbon nanotubes. A specific capacitance of 785 F·g−1 can be achieved with the 20% carbon nanotubes loaded. To characterize the metal oxide nanocomposite electrode, a cyclic voltammetry and AC impedance test are executed. This study also reports a hybrid capacitor, which consists of cobalt oxide composite as a cathode and ruthenium oxide composite as an anode. The electrochemical performance of the hybrid capacitor is characterized by a dc charge/discharge test and cyclic voltammograms. The hybrid capacitor shows capacitor behavior with an extended operating voltage of 1.4 V. The maximum energy density and specific power density of the cell reach the value of 23.7 and 8.1 kW·g−1 respectively. The hybrid capacitor exhibits high‐energy density and stable power characteristics.
Geometric and Electronic Properties of Metallofullerene Fe@C60†
Authors: Tang Chun‐Mei , Deng Kai‐Ming , Yang Jin‐Long , Wang Xin 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe generalized gradient approximation (GGA) based on density functional theory (DFT) was used to analyze the structural and electronic properties of Fe@C60 and C59Fe for comparison. Among the six possible optimized geometries of Fe@C60, the most favorable endohedral site of Fe atom is under the center of a hexagon ring, i.e., Fe@C60‐6. The Energy gap (Eg) of Fe@C60‐6 is smaller than those of C59Fe and C60, indicating the higher chemical reactivity. The magnetic moment of Fe atom in Fe@C60‐6 is preserved to some extent though there is the hybridization between the Fe atom and C atoms of the cage, in contrast to the completely quenched magnetic moment of the Fe atom in C59Fe.
A Cost‐effective Approach for 2‐(t‐Butyl)‐6‐methyl‐4H‐pyrone–A Key Intermediate Toward the Synthesis of Red‐emitting Dyes for OLED Applications†
Authors: Yao Yi‐Shan , Chuai Yu‐Tao , Wang Xue‐Song , Zhang Bao‐Wen 
Published: September 2006

AbstractIn the interest of driving down the cost of DCM‐type light emitting materials, we have found a new approach to prepare 2‐(t‐butyl)‐6‐methyl‐4H‐pyrone, which is cost effective and more amenable to large scale production than the reported method. Furthermore, three new DCM‐type dyes, N,N‐bis‐[p‐(2‐(4‐dicyanomethylene‐6‐t‐butyl‐4H‐ pyran‐2‐yl)‐vinyl)‐phenyl]‐4‐t‐butyl‐aniline (BDCM‐BA), N,N‐bis‐[p‐(2‐(4‐dicyanomethylene‐6‐t‐butyl‐4H‐pyran‐ 2‐yl)‐vinyl)‐phenyl]aniline (BDCM‐A) and N,N‐bis‐[p‐(2‐(4‐dicyanomethylene‐6‐t‐butyl‐4H‐pyran‐2‐yl)‐vinyl)‐ phenyl]‐4‐methoxyl‐aniline (BDCM‐MA) were synthesized in good yields using 2‐(t‐butyl)‐6‐methyl‐4H‐pyrone as starting material. They can be utilized in OLEDs as nondoped red emitting materials as the result of the restricted concentration quenching effect.
Synthesis of 1,2‐Dioxane Type Antimalarial Peroxides†
Authors: Liu He‐Hua , Zhang Qi , Jin Hong‐Xia , Shen Xin , Wu Yi‐Kang 
Published: September 2006

AbstractSynthesis of five simple analogues of peroxyplakoric acid by using Kobayashi′s method to construct the key 1,2‐dioxane core is detailed.
Synthesis of a Nitro Analogue of Plakoric Acid†
Authors: Zhang Qi , Jin Hong‐Xia , Liu He‐Hua , Wu Yi‐Kang 
Published: September 2006

AbstractSynthesis of a nitro analogue of plakoric acid is presented. The peroxy bond was incorporated into the substrate structure through a boron trifluoride etherate catalyzed methoxy‐hydroperoxy group partial exchange reaction in diethyl ether with urea‐hydrogen peroxide complex (UHP, a commercially available solid reagent) as the source of the hydrogen peroxide. Under the given conditions, only one of the two methoxyl groups underwent the MeO–OOH exchange and the resulting hydroperoxy hemiketal proceeded directly to the end product through an intramolecular Michael addition of the hydroperoxyl group to the nitro group activated carbon‐carbon double bond.
Proline Catalyzed Asymmetric Aldol Reaction between Methyl Ketones and α‐Ketoesters†
Authors: Wang Ya‐Jun , Shen Zong‐Xuan , Li Bin , Zhang Ya‐Wen 
Published: September 2006

AbstractDirect asymmetric aldol additions of acetone/and butanone to α‐ketoesters were achieved using L‐proline as a chiral catalyst. Various optically active α‐hydroxyesters were obtained in the yields of 43%–93% with enantioselectivities up to 81% e.e. The steric effect seems to be an important factor which influences the activity and the selectivity of the reaction. Acetone showed higher reactivity than butanone while the latter provided better enantioselectivity in some cases.
Synthesis and Conformation of New Azo‐functionalized Calix[4]arenes†
Authors: Xing Yan‐Jun , Wang Yan‐Jia 
Published: September 2006

AbstractA new family of functionalized calix[4]arenes has been synthesized from calix[4]arene or azo‐calix[4]arene by acylation with the correspondingω‐alkylmercapto acid chloride. Six new compounds4a–4cand5a–5cwere isolated and characterised by MALDI, elemental analyses,1H NMR and13C NMR. NMR spectral data showed that these azo‐functionalized calix[4]arenes5a–5care all in 1,3‐alternate conformation in solution at room temperature while calix[4]arenes4a–4care all in cone conformation. The IR and UV properties of calix[4]arenes5a–5cwere also investigated.
N‐Chlorosuccinimide (NCS): A Novel Initiator for Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization of Methyl Methacrylate†
Authors: Wang Xia‐Yan , Chang Li‐Qun , Zhou Hong , Zhang Ke‐Da 
Published: September 2006

AbstractAtom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of methyl methacrylate (MMA) was achieved, using N‐chloro‐succinimide (NCS) as an initiator together with catalytic system CuCl/PMDETA (N,N,N′,N′,N′′‐pentamethyldiethyl‐enetriamine), CuCl/MA5‐DETA (N,N,N′,N′,N′′‐penta(methylacrylate)diethylenetriamine), and CuCl/bipy (bipy2,2′‐bipyridyl) respectively. The results indicated that the polymerization possessed typical controlled/living radical polymerization characteristics. The analysis for terminal group of obtained polymer by 1H NMR proved that NCS is an initiator for ATRP. In comparison with NBS, the polymerization rate was slower and the resulted polymer had narrower molecular weight distribution (MWD) when NCS was employed as the initiator.
Difluorocarbene Chemistry: A Simple Transformation of 3,3‐gem‐Difluorocyclopropenes to Cyclopropenones†
Authors: Cheng Zhan‐Ling , Chen Qing‐Yun 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe cycloaddition reactions of α‐acetyoxyl propynes with difluorocarbene, generated from the decomposition of FSO2CF2CO2SiMe3 in DG in the presence of 10% of NaF at 120 °C gave readily α‐acetyoxyl gem‐difluorocyclopropenes. When these fluorinated compounds were hydrolyzed under alkaline condition at 0 °C, α‐hydroxyl cyclopropenones were produced predominantly whereas treated with catalytic amounts of BF3·Et2O in Et2O, α‐acetyoxyl cyclopropenones were obtained.
Design and Synthesis of Polypyrazolyl Compounds as a New Type of Versatile Building Blocks†
Authors: Li Sheng‐Hui , Huang Hai‐Ping , Yu Shu‐Yan , Li Xian‐Ping 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe design and synthesis of novel polypyrazolyl aromatic bridging ligands 1,3,5‐tris(3,5‐dimethyl‐1H‐pyra‐ zol‐4‐yl)benzene and 2,4,6‐tris(4‐(3,5‐dimethyl‐1H‐pyrazol‐4‐yl)phenyl)‐1,3,5‐triazine from simple starting materials mesitylene and p‐tolunitrile were reported.