bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Medieval Islamic Philosophy and the Virtue of Ethics
Authors: Butterworth Charles E. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe goal of this essay is to set forth the ethical teaching of al-Fārābī and of Ibn Sina. However, because their writings and their philosophy are not well-known to us, it seems appropriate to move towards what is unknown by starting from what is known. The writings and philosophy of Plato and Aristotle being generally well-known to us, the essay begins by setting forth the main points of their ethical teaching and then moves to the main points of Fārābī's and Avicenna's ethical teaching. This method commands itself for another reason as well : Fārābī and Avicenna were quite familiar with the thinking of Plato and Aristotle, so familiar that they cast many of their own ideas in the idiom of their Greek predecessors or drew attention to their differences with them. This procedure leads to the basic conclusion that ethics is less important for Plato, Aristotle, and Fārābī than virtue - a point on which Avicenna presents a rather unique argument. For all of our authors except Aristotle, virtue is to be understood as subordinated to theoretical understanding. And a number of other conclusions are drawn, all serving to suggest that the current understanding of ethics is at odds with the traditional view and is unable to account adequately for political life.
La Pandémie Avicennienne Au VIe/XIIe Siècle
Authors: Michot Jean R. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractLe Livre de l'advenue du monde d'Ibn Ghaylān al-Balkhī est la réfutation d'une œuvre inédite d'Avicenne: Où l'on juge des arguments de ceux qui établissent l'existence, pour le passé, d'un commencement temporel. Jusqu'ici, ce livre et son auteur étaient à peu près complètement inconnus en Occident. D'aucuns cependant le présentaient comme un philosophe avicennien de la troisième génération. L'introduction du Livre de l'advenue du monde dont on donne ici l'editio princeps et la première traduction en une langue européenne présente deux intérêts majeurs. D'une part, par son caractère partiellement autobiographique, elle apporte plusieurs renseignements sur l'identité de l'auteur, sur sa formation de juriste et sur son activité de théologien du kalām, remettant en cause l'idée qu'il ait pu s'agir d'un disciple d'Avicenne. D'autre part, cette introduction apporte un témoignage sans pareil sur l'empire que la pensée avicennienne exerce déjà sur les esprits au VIe/XIIe s. et tente une analyse des raisons, du contexte sociétal et des modalités de cette importante évolution idéologique de la société musulmane orientale, en laquelle Ibn Ghaylān voit une grave maladie. Bref, une approche sociologique du triomphe de la philosophie avicennienne par un homme de religion de Transoxiane, une génération après le Tahāfut al-Falāsifa d'al-Ghazālī.
Zur Form Der Eheschliessung in Der Türkei
Authors: Jäschke Gotthard 
Published: April 2008

AbstractDie Jurisprudentes der klassischen romischen Zeit lehren, dass die irgendwie erkennbare Ubereinstimmung des Willens zur Ehe (consensus mit affectio maritalis) genfge, um eine rechtsgfltige Ehe zustande zu bringen 6. Demgegenfber fordern die islamischen Gesetzesgelehrten (Iuqahd"), insbesondere der "grosse Imam" Abu Hanifa, als wesentliche Elemente des Ehevertrags «aqd an- siikah) das vor zwei Zeugen klar und eindeutig ausgedrfckte Angebot (igab) und die ihm unmittelbar folgende Annahme (qabul). Noch starker betonen den Grundsatz der Publizitat Kirche und Staat, die beiden Gesetzgeber der Christenheit, indem sie einen Beamten zum qualifizierten Zeugen bei der Eheschliessung be- stimmen : zuerst der mit der griechisch-orthodoxen Kirche eng
Die Eheschliessung Und Ihre Wirkungen Im Syrisch-Islamischen Recht
Authors: Sabuni Abdulghafur , Wiedensohler Günter 
Published: April 2008

AbstractComme presque tous les états arabes la Syrie aussi a codifié la législation traditionnelle islamique en matière de famille et de succession, en l'adaptant de manière modérée aux situations sociales. La loi syrienne n° 59/1953 sur le statut personnel, traitée ici, dont la partie sur la législation familiale a été modifiée ou complétée par la loi n° 34/1975, comprend 308 articles. À la codification servent de base les sources suivantes: le code ottoman sur les lois familiales de 1917, les lois égyptiennes correspondantes des années 1920 et 1929, la compilation des dispositions juridiques hanéfites (al-ahkām aš-šar'īya) par Kadri Pacha, juriste renommé, des doctrines d'autres écoles juridiques orthodoxes (madāhib), particulièrement de celle de Mālik Ibn Anas, des règlements séculiers (mawādd at-tanzīm), concordant largement aux idées fondamentales du droit islamique et enfin le projet de loi sur le statut personnel par 'Alī Tantāwī, cadi de Damas. Le code jordanique sur la législation familiale de 1951 y prend également une influence assez grande. L'œuvre juridique remonte en premier lieu aux doctrines de l'école de AbŪ Hanīfa, qui diffère d'autres écoles islamiques par ses méthodes de déduction moins doctrinaires. Abstraction faite de quelques exceptions mises en évidence en faveur des Drûz, des chrétiens et des juifs, le domaine d'application concernant la personne atteint les ressortissants syriens quelle que soit leur confession religieuse.
The Beginning of the Maynooth Movement in Southern Nigeria and the Rise of the St. Patrick's Missionary Society, 1920-1930
Authors: Okwu Austine S.O. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe Catholic mission in Southern Nigeria under the management of the Congregation of Holy Ghost Fathers was established in 1885 by French and Alsatian Spiritans. In 1905 the mission came under the charge of the Irish Province of the Congregation with Father Shanahan (later Bishop) as the chief of mission. As a result of the fact that the Province was entrusted with responsibility for the supply of missionary personnel for the Spiritans' missions in the vast English-speaking areas of the then British Empire, and also because of the Irish Spiritans' preoccupation with schools and colleges in Ireland and Trinidad, the Province was unable to meet its personnel responsibilities to the missions. The dire need for priests made Shanahan, the ecclesiastical head of the Spiritan mission in Nigeria, who had been charged sub gravi by Rome with the obligation for staffing his mission, to invite Maynooth trained secular priests to serve on a temporary basis in Southern Nigeria. The coming of the secular volunteers to Nigeria created a series of problems leading to their being constituted into an independent secular missionary society, and subsequently to the allocation to them of a part of the vicariate as their own mission field.
Christian Salvation Through Muslim Domination: Divine Punishment and Syriag Apocalyptic Expectation in the Seventh and Eighth Centuries
Authors: Villagomez Cynthia 
Published: April 2008

AbstractSyriac apocalyptic texts are among the most important literary responses to the rise and establishment of the Islamic state in the indigenous lands of Syriac-speaking Christians. The apocalypse of Pseudo-Methodius and other Syriac apocalyptic sources are used to demonstrate the negative reactions of Christians to Muslim political authority. These reactions are discussed in relation to Syriac patterns of response to crisis in the pre-Islamic period which explained wide-spread, severe suffering in the physical world as a consequence of Christians' sins, but also a demonstration of God's chastizing love.
Aspects of Baraka (Blessings) and Ritual Devotion Among Medieval Muslims and Jews1
Authors: Meri Josef W. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractBaraka (lit. blessing) lay at the foundation of Muslim and Jewish conceptions and perceptions of the sacred. Medieval devotees sought the baraka of prophets, saints and devotional objects. This study considers the physical and devotional setting for the transmission of baraka and the ritual acts devotees performed in order to acquire it.
Explaining order in religious systems1
Authors: Malley Brian E. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractOurs is a problem of order, cognitive and cultural. Were religion simply chaotic, we would not recognize it as an object of study. In this article, I outline two complementary approaches to religious phenomena; both aim to explain different aspects of order in religion. First, recently-developed cognitive theories of religious phenomena account for some aspects of cultural order in terms of cognitive constraints. Second, complexity theory offers hypotheses about the emergent dynamics of entire religious systems. Before examining these theories themselves, however, I will explain in more detail the problem of order and the place of these theories in explaining it.
Reading difference in Isaiah 56-66: The interplay of literary and sociological strategies
Authors: Berquist Jon L. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractCurrent trends in biblical scholarship investigate texts using a variety of strategies, including literary and sociological methods. Usually, these different methods never interact in ways that could lead to fuller understandings of their underlying assumptions. Isaiah 56-66 provides a test-case for the comparison of method, with a focus on the ways in which various newer methodologies can interpret the differences within the text. Whereas philosophical and literary methods (such as those of Derrida, Fish, and Bakhtin) understand that texts construct themselves within infinite difference, sociological approaches may better concentrate on the power differentials inherent within textual differences. However, both canon and method conspire to (fail to) interpret, in that they limit the infinite interplay of difference in order to produce a (single) interpretation. The singularity and multiplicity of "meaning" coheres in the multiple identities formed by interpreting communities. Fragmentation of self mirrors the fragmentation of text and interpretation.
Why are perfect animals, hybrids, and monsters food for symbolic thought?
Authors: Sperber Dan 
Published: April 2008

AbstractWork on animal symbolism, in particular that of Mary Douglas, suggests that the symbolic value of some animals is grounded in taxonomic anomaly. Yet the work of ethnozoologists tends to show that folk taxonomies are consistent and devoid of true anomalies. This raises a first problem. Moreover, not only anomalous animals, but also exemplary animals often take on a symbolic value, thus raising a second problem. A solution to both problems is suggested, based on an examination of the cognitive organization of folk taxonomies, and with illustrations drawn from Ethiopian, Biblical, and Western culture.
Psychoanalytic methods in the history of religion: A personal statement1
Authors: Merkur Dan 
Published: April 2008

AbstractFor the Scandinavian tradition of the history of religions, in which I was trained, not the numinous, but the experience of the numinous is the sui generis subject matter of the discipline; and historians routinely emphasize the experiential aspects of religions. The better to understand religious experience, I work interdisciplinarily with psychoanalysis. Freud's treatment of group processes as though they were individual psyches and his pathologizing of religious symbolism are badly dated. Current work in both clinical psychoanalysis and psychoanalytic anthropology is more sophisticated. My major innovations are two. (1) Where historians of religions aspire for religious devotees to recognize themselves in their portraits of the religions, I seek for devotees additionally to gain insight into the unconscious dimensions of their religions. Religions are not reducible to their symbolism, but unconscious motives influence the imagery that religions use to symbolize their metaphysical concerns. (2) I also use psychoanalytic findings and methods to contribute to historiography, in some cases as aids to textual exegesis, but more extensively in studies of shamans, prophets, apocalyptists, and mystics, where psychoanalytic observations on the techniques for inducing and controlling alternate states furnishes historical information that enriches the research findings.
The treatment of women in the historiography of late medieval popular religion
Authors: Lee Becky R. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe study of medieval European popular religion is broad and diverse, drawing upon a variety of sources and addressing a multiplicity of questions. Underlying that diversity, however, is a single quest: to unearth and analyze religion as it was experienced and practiced by the "common folk".1 For the past twenty years women have been explicitly and deliberately included in that analysis. Evident in the literature, however, are diverse and divergent opinions concerning both the ways by which to ascertain and interpret women's practices and beliefs, and their significance for the study of popular religion. This article explores those opinions and some of their implications.
Rhetorical analysis and sociological analysis in historical Jesus research
Authors: Bloomquist L. Gregory 
Published: April 2008

AbstractIn this article I suggest ways in which rhetorical analysis can complement sociological analysis of early Christianity. On the basis of a universally acknowledged saying of Jesus ("blessed are you poor"), I suggest that those who use social scientific perspectives need to clarify more accurately the levels of data from which they are working (i.e., when they are working with probably early material, possibly the words of Jesus himself, and when they are working with the later elaboration of the traditional material) and to identify the rhetorical value of each level. I then show how, contrary to sociological analysis that depicts Jesus as merely proclaiming reversal, the historical Jesus proclaimed a reversal that had already happened but one that was away from God's intended order: what the historical Jesus was calling for was a future restoration to a state that existed before the reversal. Attention to the rhetorical nature of his follower's use of this proclamation, however, shows that when the author of the Gospel of Luke and the Lukan Acts of the Apostles uses the language of reversal and restoration, he now does so to describe what was happening not primarily vis-à-vis "the world" but in their own, now Christian communities. Jesus' message of reversal of the fate of the poor becomes in this way the Lukan message of the apostolic governance of that reversal, that is, the broker's (the apostolic leadership's, after the model of Jesus) dispensation of the patron's (God's) resources.
Fessing up in theory: On professing and confessing in the religious studies classroom
Authors: Jaffee Martin S. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe essay focusses on pedagogical method in the undergraduate study of religion. It proposes that the very nature of religious studies as an interpretive program requires that theoretical issues be explicitly foregrounded as the principal route into the discussion of particulars and general cases. The bulk of the essay exemplifies this proposal by reporting on the author's own attempt to bring under theoretical control one of the most contentious issues of pedagogy in the study of religion: the question of the teacher's personal commitments for or against "religion" or specific religious traditions.
A religious agenda continued
Authors: Wiebe Donald 
Published: April 2008

AbstractIt has been argued that with the transformation of the National Association of Biblical Instructors (NABI) into the American Academy of Religion (AAR) in 1964 the study of religion in America moved from being essentially a religious exercise to a broadly scientific undertaking. The review and comparison of the presidential addresses to the NABI with the addresses to the AAR, it is argued here, undermines that conclusion. The founding of the AAR in part signalled the demise of the traditional Protestant dominance in the field of "religious studies" but it did not undermine the religio-humanistic underpinnings of the field and did not provide the foundations for a more objective and scientific study of religious phenomena.
Theological Correctness: Cognitive Constraint and the Study of Religion
Authors: Barrett Justin L. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractIn both natural and religious thinking, people have ntultiple versions of the same concepts that may be contradictory. In the domain of religious concepts, these ntultiple levels of representation in single individuals may be termed "Theological Correctness." Versions of religioiis concepts range front fairly simple or concrete to very complex and abstract. Selection of the, concept to be used in any given context is largely dependent on the cognitive processing demands of the task. In tasks in which there is great derrtand to draw quick and rich inferences, a basic concept comprised largely of intuitive knowledge, is used. In tasks in which there is less demand, as when one is slowly and carefully riflecting on one's knowledge, more complicated, intuition violating theoretical concepts may be drawn upon. In the domain of religious concepts these concepts closely match traditional theology and so may be termed theological concepts. Implications for data gathering and theorizing in the study of religion are discussed. Finally, these observations suggest the. importance of insights from cognitive sciertce, for the study of religion.
La formation et l'évolution typographiques de Henry van de Velde (1863-1957)
Authors: Baudin Fernand 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe prominent part played by Van de Velde in the Art Nouveau movement would lead one to suppose that he was also an originating force in typography. This is not so, however. At Brussels that honour must go to Edmond Deman, Theo van Rijsselberghe, and the printing-office of Veuve Monnom, who were collaborating together as early as 1876. At Antwerp it was Paul Buschmann who, even before 1893, initiated Max Elskamp, who in his turn taught Van de Velde in 1895. A certain independence with respect to typefaces, and a marked preference for ornament to the exclusion of illustration formed the common ground of ideas linking this group of friends, who evidently remained undivided despite the distance between Brussels and Antwerp.
Charles de Beauvais auteur de 'Lettres sur la mort de quelques personnes'
Authors: Gorissen P. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractAlthough no fewer than 8,500 letters from Constantijn Huygens's large correspondence are known, many thousands more have gone astray, among them a letter in print, originally received on 25 November 1649 and sent to Huygens by a friend in London, Charles de Beauvais. Other items of this correspondence, which spans the years between about 1622 and about 1661, reflect Beauvais's endeavours, from 1648 onwards, to leave his native society, that of the Walloons in London, for the Dutch Republic, where he had formerly been a scholar at Leiden University. The printed letter of 1649 is one of his attempts to persuade Huygens to find him a position in Holland. It is a genuine letter, but at the same time it is a eulogy to Francis
A new study of woodcuts in the incunabula of the Netherlands
Authors: Kok Ina 
Published: April 2008

AbstractA century ago, in 1882, the art historian William Conway published the chief results of his research into the woodcuts in the incunabula of the Low Countries, in a series of articles in The Bibliographer. Two years later his book The woodcutters of the Netherlands in the fifteenth century appeared. Conway's approach is that of an art historian: he classifies the woodcuts according to their artists and then groups these together in schools. Two general surveys of this area have appeared since Conway, Delen (1924) and Schretlen (1925), both likewise written from the angle of art history. Unlike Conway, however, they make no attempt at completeness, so that even today for an overall view one has to turn to Conway. Despite the progress that has been made in the field of bibliography in our own century and the new discoveries of Netherlandic illustrated incunabula, there has so far been no new study of the subject in bibliographical terms. Work is now in progress on such an investigation at the Department of Book and Library Science at the University of Amsterdam. Besides a census of all woodcuts and the books in which they appear, the project is intended, through a study of the sorts of edition that were illustrated and the association between illustration and text, to gain an insight into the nature and function of the illustrations. Study of the technical aspects of the woodcuts is designed to provide greater insight into the practice of printing with woodcuts in the fifteenth century and the wanderings of the wood blocks from printer to printer. An extensive collection of photographic reproductions of pages with woodcuts has now been brought together, and work has started on preliminary ordering and analysis.
Les Chevaliers de la Jubilation: Maçonnerie ou libertinage? A propos de quelques publications de Margaret C. Jacob
Authors: Fielding W. , Berkvens-Stevelinck Christiane 
Published: April 2008

AbstractBetween 1970 and 1981 Mrs. Jacob published a variety of books and articles on the subject of the Knights of Jubilation and their clandestine influence on both political and cultural life in the early decades of the eighteenth century. Mrs. Jacob sees the Knights of Jubilation as the first Continental Lodge, founded by John Toland in the United Provinces in about 1710. According to this thesis, Freemasonry on the Continent would be a quarter of a century older than historians have hitherto supposed (viz. 1710 instead of 1734). However, if one reads the texts on which Mrs. Jacob bases this assertion carefully and in their cultural context - they are published here complete and in the original language so that everyone may do just that-it seems to me that her conclusions are somewhat premature. The resonance of these texts goes back to the French libertinage and the burlesque tradition of Rabelais, rather than that they herald the era of Continental Freemasonry.
Cornelis Claesz's 1605 stock catalogue of Chinese books1
Authors: Van Selm Bert 
Published: April 2008

AbstractOne of the stock catalogues published by the important Amsterdam bookseller and publisher Cornelis Claesz is known only from a description in the catalogue of the Frankfurt autumn book fair of 1605. In this article the author presents arguments to show that in the autumn of that year Cornelis Claesz could indeed have offered a collection of Chinese books for sale. These might have come from the captured Portuguese carrack Catharina, whose cargo was sold at public auction in Amsterdam. Descriptions in sale catalogues and inventories of 1609, 1610 and 1615 indicate that quity early on there were scholars at Leiden who numbered more than one Chinese book in their collections. This exceptional stock catalogue by an Amsterdam bookseller is the earliest known printed list of Chinese books and thus represents a source of great importance to cultural historical research. It is to be hoped that the present article will lead to the discovery of a copy.