bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physico-Chemical Investigations on Catalytic Mechanism. VIII. On the Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis of Hydrocarbons with Special Reference to the Durability of Catalyst. (Experimental Series II) (4)
Authors: Hamai Senzo , Hayashi Shiro , Shimamura Kiyoshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
(1) The durability experiments with the catalysts, Co+15%ThO2+100% Kieselguhr and Co+12%U3O8+2.5%Cu+100% Kieselguhr, are reported and tabulated.
(2) Following mainly the gas analysis data, the normalized reaction was discussed with special reference to the initial formation of CH4.
(3) Some correlations with the formation of C2H4, in connection with our reaction mechanism already proposed, as well as the predominating tendency of CH4 formation at higher reaction temperature have been given.
Physico-Chemical Investigations on Catalytic Mechanism. IX. On the Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis of Hydrocarbons with Special Reference to Factors essential to the Particular Catalysts. (Experimental Series II) (5)
Authors: Hamai Senzo , Hayashi Shiro , Shimamura Kiyoshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
(1) The experimental materials used in this investigation are briefly described along with the preparations of the catalysts.
(2) The experimental procedure with reference to our previous paper is presented.
(3) The typical results, as related to the catalytic activity and gaseous products, are tabulated and some correlations are offered.
(4) The effects of such promoters as U3O8, Cu, and Mn along with those of a carrier, Kieselguhr, upon the catalytic activity are tabulated and discussed; furthermore, possible correlations with the oil formation are presented.
(5) The results of the effects of the reaction temperature, as well as of the pretreatment upon the activity, with special emphasis on the oil formations and gaseous products are presented and discussed rather thoroughly, and some possible correlations are given.
(6) Finally, the properties of the liquid products for the series of F19-F29 for the type of catalysts, Co+x%U3O8+y%Cu+z%Mn+w% Kieselguhr, such as refractive indices, specific gravities, apparent molecular weights and elementary analysis data are compiled in the table.
Studies on the Reactions between Oxides in Solid State at Higher Temperatures. IV. The Reaction between Calcium Oxide and Stannic Oxide
Authors: Tanaka Yasuo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
(1) It has been confirmed that two stannates, 2CaO·SnO2 and CaO·SnO2, are formed by the solid reaction between the components, and both of them are soluble in 4N HCl. The crystal structure of CaO·SnO2, which has been considered as cubic, should correctly be assigned as rhombic with a unit cell size of a=3.93Å, b=3.99Å and c=3.87Å.
(2) The reaction begins to take place at about 900°. The reaction product exists at first in an amorphous state; when the amount of which has reached a certain value, the reaction proceeds smoothly, forming CaO·SnO2. 2CaO·SnO2 is formed gradually when an excess of CaO is present.
(3) It has been considered that the reaction is controlled by the diffusion of the components through the reaction product, and the energy of activation of CaO·SnO2 formation has been calculated as 85 Kilocalories per mole.
(4) Whether the acidic component is TiO2 or SnO2, the energy of activation of the reaction with CaO has been found to be a little smaller than that of the reaction with MgO.
THE FORMATION OF OXY-DERIVATTVES OF DIPHENYLENE OXIDE FROM RESORCIN
Authors: Tsuzukl Yojiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The substance which was formerly supposed as 2,6-dioxydiphenyl was shown to be 2-oxydiphenylene oxide (III).
A new phenol was obtained, the formula of which was shown to be dioxydiphenylene oxide C12H6O (OH)2. Two hydroxy groups seem to be in 2 and 2′ positions from the mechanism of its formation and its absorption spectrum.
Studies on Foams. (I). The Foaminess and Foam Stability of Liquid Mixtures
Authors: Nakagaki Masayuki 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The height of the foam zone, the duration and the stability of foam of the ternary system, ethyl alcohol-glycerol-water have been measured. As the result three maximum points A, B and C in the diagrams of these properties are found. The maximum B in the region of low concentration of ethyl alcohol is due to the decrease of surface tension. The maximum C, which is found in the bubble stability diagram while absent in foaminess and foam duration diagrams, may be ascribed to the high viscosity of the system. The same effect is found also in the case of the aqueous solution of sulphuric acid. The maximum A is supposed to be parallel to volume contraction on admixture.
On the Diamagnetism of Perylene. I
Authors: Shiba Haruo , Hazato Genjiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The diamagnetic susceptibility of perylene in powdered form has been measured and found to be −(171±1)×10−6 per mole, and from this value the structure of perylene is discussed. A simple method has also been proposed to evaluate the anisotropic part from the mean molecular susceptibilities of aromatic molecules. The present result shows that perylene molecule has two predominant naphthalene nuclei and the central hexagon in this molecule has a spacial structure as compared with the other four.
Molecular Orbital Treatment of the Ultraviolet Spectra of Cycloöctatetraene
Authors: Mori Yuji , Tanaka Ikuzo , Shida Shoji 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The energy levels of cycloöctatetraene as D2d were calculated byt he GMS method. Then it was shown by the authors that the ground state of cycloöctatetraene may be diamagnetic, and that the wave length of the absorption spectra calculated assuming as D2d is approximately in agreement with the expetimental results.
Dipole Moments of Tropolone and Related Compounds
Authors: Kurita Yukio , Nozoe Tetsuo , Kubo Masaji 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The dipole moments of tropolone (cycloheptatriene-2,4,6-ol-2-one-1) and related compounds were measured in benzene solution. The values obtained are:— tropolone, 3.71 D (25°) and 3.64 D (35°) ; tribromotropolone (3,5,7-tribromo-), 1.84D(25°); hinokitiol(4-isopropylcycloheptatriene-2,4,6-ol-2-one-1), 4.04 D (33°); α-monobromohinokitiol (7-bromo-), 4.32 D (33°); α-dibromohinokitiol (3,7-dibromo-), 4.27 D (33°); β-dibromohinokitiol (5,7-dibromo-), 3.14 D (20°); α-mononitrohinokitiol (3- or 7-nitro-), 6.19 D (25°); dinitrohinokitiol (3,5- or 3,7-dinitro-), 4.63 D (20°). The high dipole moments of tropolone and hinokitiol were explained adequately by taking into consideration the contribution of various resonance structures with a formal positive charge at the ring C-atoms. The resonance was supposed to give a certain amount of double bond character to each bond in the ring, causing plane cycloheptatrienolone ring. The position of substituents in the substituted tropolone and hinokitiols were determined and are given immediately after each name of these compounds in parentheses.
The Photochemical Reaction of Cycloöoctatetraene (C8H8)
Authors: Tanaka Ikuzo , Miyakawa Seinosuke , Shida Shoji 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
By the absorption spectra, it was found that benzene and styrene were independently produced from C.O. T. when C.O.T. was excited by the light shorter than 3000 Å., and that some unknown substances giving a sharp line at 2916 Å. and two diffuse bands at 2916 Å.∼2885Å. and 2840 Å.∼2700 Å. were also produced. The gas like acetylene which can not be condensed by dry ice can be at the same time produced.
The quantum yield of reaction where C. O. T. is decomposed to benzene by light near 2537 Å was about 0.1. And the light which has the shorter wave length than 2500 Å. mainly contributes to the reaction in which C. O. T. decomposes to benzene.
Research on Activation Energy. I. A New Empirical Rule for the Calculation of Activation Energy
Authors: Otozai Kiyoteru 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
1. It has been assumed that the bonddistance in an activated complex is equal to the bond-distance corresponding to the inflexion point on the potential-energy curve of the pair of atoms.
2. According to this fundemental assumption, a new simple method of calculation of activation energy of reactions has been devised.
3. The method has been applied to some kinds of triatomic reactions and the double decompositions between two diatomic molecules with satisfactory results.
4. For the triatomic reactions, the geometrical length of the activated complexes computed by means of the present method agrees well with those calculated by means of the semi-empirical method of Eyring.
5. It has been shown that the present method of calculation gives some information on the lower limit of the length of the hydrogen bond.
6. The activation energy for the dissociated adsorption of hydrogen on the surface of charcoal has been calculated as a function of the distance between two carbon atoms. The result obtained agrees well with that obtained by Sherman and Eyring according to the semi-empirical method.
Calculation of the Diamagnetic Anisotropy of Benzene by the Method of Antisymmetric Molecular Orbitals
Authors: Fujii Saburo , Shida Shoji 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The absolute value of the diamagnetic anisotropy of benzene was calculated by the method of antisymmetric molecular orbitals. The value obtained was about −40×10−6 ergs per gauss per mole, it being about 74 percent of the experimental value.
It was found that the anisotropy was largely enhanced by orbital effects and slightly diminished by correlation effects between π-electrons.
On Some Dark-colored Chloroplumbates (II, IV) of the Type [MIIIA6]PbCl6
Authors: Mori Masayasu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
(1) Compounds ranging from violet black to puce in color, [Co(NH3)6]PbCl6, [Cr(NH3)6]PbCl6[Co(NH3)5H2O]PbCl6 and [Cr(NH3)5H2O]Pb Cl6 have been prepared, by mixing a solution of [Co(NH3)6]Cl3 etc. (in dil. HCl) and a solution containing H2PbCl6 and digesting them at 40° to 60°.
(2) [Co(NH3)6]PbCl6 and [Co(NH3)5H2O]PbCl6 are diamagnetic and therefore it seems natural to consider these compounds as hexamminecobalt(III) chloroplumbate (II, IV) and aquopentamminecobalt(III) chloroplumbate (II, IV) respectively.
Spectrochemical Studies on the Anomalous Color Reactions of Some Iron(II) Chelate Compounds
Authors: Sone Kôzô 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Absorption spectra of colored complex salts formed by ferrous ion with dimethylglyoxime, 8-hydroxyquinoline, α-nitroso-β-naphthol and nitroso-R salt were studied. The origin of a strong absorption band in the visible region in all of these complexes was attributed to the formation of unsaturated intramolecular five-membered rings. Determination of the composition of the complexes was made spectrophotometrically in the case of dimethylglyoxime, α-nitroso-β-naphthol and nitroso-R salt.
Spectrochemical Study of Microscopic Crystals. II. Dichroism of Cobalt (III)-Praseo Salts
Authors: Yamada Shoichiro , Tsuchida Ryutaro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The dichroisms of 1,6-[Co(en)2Cl2]Cl·HCl·2H2O and of 1,6-[Co(en)2Cl2]NO3 have been measured by the microscopic method. From consideration of the results, it has been presumed that, in the crystal of the hydrochloride, the line connecting Co with two Cl atoms is almost parallel to the b -axis, that the plane containing one Co and four N atoms of two ethylene-diamine molecules around Co is almost parallel to the plane formed by the a- and the c-axis. The nature of absorption bands of metallic complexes has been discussed on the basis of dichroism for the single praseo-ion, which has been determined from the above assumption. Arrangement of the complex ions in the nitrate has been inferred from observations as to the nature of dichroism in several faces. From comparison of the crystal structures of the two compounds and consideration of other properties, it has been suggested that the HCl molecule of crystallization in the crystal of the hydrochloride plays an important part in holding the complex ions together so that all the complex ions take the same orientation.
On the Electronic Structure of the Carbonyl and the Amide Groups
Authors: Nagakura Saburo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
(1) Electronic structures of carbonyl and amide groups were investigated by the use of the molecular orbital method; calculated values of resonance energy and π-electron densities may be regarded as reasonable compared with these which were observed.
(2) Near ultraviolet absorption spectra were measured with acetone, acetylchloride, acetic acid, ethyl acetate and N-methylacetamide. As the result of these measurements, it becomes evident that the low intensity absorption band of acetone shifts to the side of shorter wave lengths when the methyl group of acetone is replaced Cl atom or OR and NR2 groups. These results can be explained by the present theoretical consideration if this absorption band is due to the n→π* transition.
On the Hydrazinolysis of Proteins and Peptides: A Method for the Characterization of Carboxyl-terminal Amino Acids in Proteins
Authors: Akabori Shiro , Ohno Ko , Narita Kozo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
(1) A brief method for the characterization of carboxyl-terminal amino acids in peptides and proteins was investigated.
(2) Several new amino acid hydrazides were synthesized.
(3) Soveral di- and tri-peptides were hydrazinolyzed and identified their carboxylterminal amino acid.
(4) The method was applied to beef insulin and tyrocidin for the demonstration of its applicability.
The Electrical Conductivity of the Condensed Polynuclear Aza-aromatic Compounds
Authors: Inokuchi Hiroo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The electrical conductivity of the condensed polynuclear aza-aromatic compounds; (1) cyananthrone, (2) indanthrone black, (3) flavanthrone, (4) indanthrone, (5) indanthrazine, (6) 5, 6-(N)-pyridino-1, 9-benzanthrone and (7) 1,9,4,10-anthradipyrimidine,—has the character of a semi-conductor. The electrical resis tivity of these compounds can be expressed as ρ=ρ0exp(Δε⁄2kT) and the mechanism of the conduction is assumed to be that of the intrinsic semi-conductor as in the cases of the condensed polynuclear aromatic compounds The value of Δε and ρ at 15° were found as; (1) 0.20 e.V., 1.2×107Ω cm., (2) 0.56 e.V., 2.5×108Ω cm., (3) 0.70 e.V., 1.4×1011Ω cm., (4) 0.63 e.V., 7.5×1014Ω cm., (5) 0.66 e.V., 1.4×1015Ω cm., (6) 3.2 e.V., 8.5×1022Ω cm. and (7) 3.21 e.V., 8.8×1024Ω cm. The values of the electrical resistivity of this group are smaller than that of related condensed polynuclear aromatic compounds.
Concentration Polarization and the Polarographic Current-Time Curve. II. The Spherical Diffusion Current
Authors: Kambara Tomihito 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Provided that the depolarizer and the electrode reaction product are water soluble, the spherical diffusion equations are integrated. The boundary condition is so chosen that the three elementary processes, i. e., the diffusion of depolarizer, the electrode reaction, and the diffusion of the product, proceed in an equal velocity at the electrode surface. The result thus obtained can explain the essential rôle of the curvature of the electrode in some problems concerning the electrode reaction.
On the Viscosity of Binary Mixture of Liquids
Authors: Tamura Mikio , Kurata Michio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A new semi-empirical equation for the viscosity coefficient of binary mixture of liquids, Eq. (11), has been derived and we have reached the conclusion that the assumption used in order to derive our equation corresponds to the Bethe-Fowler-Takagi approximation for regular assembly qualitatively. The equations for η and ε have been compared with the experimental values and satisfactory results have been obtained.
Mechanical Properties of Concentrated Hydrogels of Agar-agar. I. Modulus of Elasticity in Compression
Authors: Fujita Hiroshi , Ninomiya Kazuhiko , Homma Terutake 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
As the first step in a series of works on the mechanical behavior of a concentrated hydrogel of agar-agar, the experimental determination of its elastic behavior in compression was made. An apparatus which could record a compression stress-strain curve automatically was devised and used to obtain the results reported in this paper. Influences of tem-perature, concentration, and gelation time upon the modulus of elasticity (Young’s) were considered and plotted in Figures 4, 5 and 6.
Surface Chemistry of Synthetic Protein Analogues. I. Surface Pressure-Area Relation of Synthetic Polypeptides as the Model of Proteins
Authors: Isemura Toshizo , Hamaguchi Kozo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The surface pressure against area (F-A) curves of the monolayers of poly-Dl-α-aminocaproic, poly Dl-α-aminocaprylic, poly Dl-α-aminocapric, poly Dl-α-aminolauric acids, poly γ-methyl-l-glutamate and poly ε-aminocaproic acid (amilan) was measured. The results obtained were as follows:
(1) The F-A curve of poly Dl-α-aminocaproic acid having four carbon atoms in the side chain resembled in shape very closely to those given by natural proteins such as the egg albumin or pepsin. This fact is due to the resemblance of the carbon number in the side chains of both of the polypeptide and proteins.
(2) The plateau which is a region of very high compressibility appeared in the F-A curves of the polypeptides having more than six carbon atoms in the side chains. The curves of these polypeptides were entirely different from those of natural proteins.
(3) The area per amino acid which was found for every polypeptide to be in the closest packing of polypeptide backbone was all 14.7 Å.2 This value is in good agreement with the area calculated from x-ray data for an arrangement of β-keratin configuration.
(4) Poly γ-methyl-l-glutamate occupied the limiting area of 9.8 Å.2/amino acid residue on distilled water. This value can be sufficiently accounted for, if this polymer has a structure of α-configuration on water surface and the model of α-keratin configuration presented by Shimanouchi and Mizushima and by Ambrose et al. is accepted. On substrates containing hydrochloric, formic, or acetic acid, however, this polypeptide occupied the limiting area of 14.7 Å.2/residue, this value corresponding to the area of the other polypeptides which are arranged in close packed β-configuration. The α→β transformation of this polypeptide could be demonstrated by monolayer technique.
(5) The monolayer of the polymer of ε-aminocaproic acid is inadequate as a model of protein films.
On the Relation between Viscosity and Critical Micelle Concentration of Detergent Solutions
Authors: Sata Naoyasu , Tyûzyô Kiyoshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
(1) Several methods of determining CMC are compared and criticised.
(2) A new method of determining 1st CMC from viscosity is experimentally established.
(3) A new method of determining 2nd CMC from viscosity is established by transforming and viscosity in the new variables.
(4) Of each soap, characteristic constants [η1] and [η2] are discovered, and it is shown that a definite relation is concluded between these values and monomer molecular weight.
(5) The theoretical explanation of these newly found phenomena has not yet been made.
Electrostatic Lattice Energy of PbSO4, BaSO4, SrSO4 and CaSO4
Authors: Sakamoto Yosio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A plan for investigation of the physical chemistry of radical ions is stated with especial reference to the strict treatment of the lattice energy problem and the treatment of complex ionic crystals. First, the expressions suitable for the practical numerical calculation of Madelung’s coefficient of the general and the rectangular crystal lattice are derived from Ewald’s original general expressions. Next, they are verified in the two simple cases, NaCl and the rhombic CaCO3, by means of numerical application. Then, they are applied to the more complex cases, i. e., the rhombic crystals of PbSO4, BaSO4, SrSO4, and CaSO4, with SO4−− which is assumed to be a point charge. The degree of accuracy of the calculated values is further discussed; and, in connection with it, an attempt is made to estimate the extent of variability of Madelung’s “ coefficient” (or “constant,” as it is called). Finally, the electrostatic lattice energy is evaluated.
The Diamagnetic Sucseptibilities and Anisotropies of the Polynuclear Aromatic Compounds
Authors: Akamatu Hideo , Matsunaga Yoshio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The magnetic susceptibilities of condensed polynuclear aromatic compounds with higher molecular weights (ten hydrocarbons and twelve quinones) have been measured by the Gouy method, and the diamagnetic anisotropies have been approximately evaluated.
The diamagnetic anisotropy becomes progressively large as the number of rings increases, when the aromatic condensation takes place in the manner of the closely compact arrangement of rings; while, when it is not the case, it depends strikingly upon the molecular structure.
When the diamagnetic anisotropy has a smaller value, notwithstanding the molecule is made of a large number of rings, the localization of the π-electrons or some other excited states must be assumed. Such a case is found, when a molecule is not made of the aromatically conjugated system as a whole but separated into two predominant nuclei, as meso-naphthodianthrene and violanthrone, or when a molecule is made of a long shaped structure as pyranthrene or violanthrene.
Studies of Molecular Structures by Electron Diffraction. I. The Molecular Structure of Monofluoro- and Monobromobenzenes
Authors: Yuzawa Tooru , Yamaha Mashio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The molecular structures of monofluorobenzene and monobromobenzene have been investigated by the electron diffraction method. The C–F and C–Br distances in each molecule have been determined as 1.30±0.03 A and 1.86±0.02Å respectively. These distances are shorter than the case in which the bonds have the normal single bond characters. The double bond characters for these bonds have been calculated and obtained 16.9% for C–F and 13.3% for C–Br, in which we have considered the corrected single bond lengths in both cases.
Surface Chemistry of Synthetic Protein Analogues. II. Temperature Dependence of the Force-Area Relations of Some Polypeptides Monolayers and Thickness of the Monolayer
Authors: Isemura Toshizo , Hamaguchi Kozo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
In the force-area curves of the monolayer of synthetic polypeptides of longer side chains, a plateau which is a region of very high compressibility appears. The appearance of the plateau can be attributed to the reorientation of the polymer molecule at the interface. The pressure at which the plateau appears, decreases with the rise of temperature. From the temperature dependence of this pressure, the heat of transformation was evaluated.
The polypeptides of shorter side chains of four carbon atoms or less in length scarcely need any energy for reorientation. Accordingly, no plateau was found with these polypeptides. The thickness of the monolayer of these polypeptides at the pressure above and under the transition pressure was determined optically by Langmuir-Blodgett technique. The thickness of the monolayer observed was compared with that calculated by using Stuart model (for the most part.) Our views on the reorientatoin of the film were ascertained.
Intermolecular Charge-Transfer Spectra. I. Halogen-Aromatic Complexes
Authors: Murakami Hideo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The intermolecular charge-transfer spectra of halogen-aromatic complexes have been studied theoretically. Especially, the dependence of absorption intensity on the structure of aromatic component has been investigated. To solve the discrepancies between experimental results and Mulliken’s theoretical predictions, we have introduced the statistical consideration for the relative configurations between two components. Using some reasonable assumptions, we have obtained the satisfactory agreement between theoretical predictions and experimental results, at least qualitatively.