bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relative Yield of Thermal and Nonthermal Emission during Weak Flares Observed by STIX during 2021 September 20–25
Authors: Awasthi Arun Kumar , Mrozek Tomasz , Kołomański Sylwester , Litwicka Michalina , Stęślicki Marek , Kułaga Karol 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The disparate nature of the thermal–nonthermal energy partition during flares, particularly during weak flares, is still an open issue. Following the Neupert effect, quantifying the relative yield of X-ray emission in different energy bands can enable the inferring of the underlying energy release mechanism. During 2021 September 20–25, the Solar Orbiter mission—being closer to the Sun (∼0.6 au) and having a moderate separation angle (<40°) from the Sun–Earth line—offered a unique opportunity to analyze multiwavelength emission from ∼200 (mostly weak) flares, commonly observed by the Spectrometer Telescope for Imaging X-rays (STIX), STEREO-A, GOES, and the Solar Dynamics Observatory. Associating the quotient (q

f
) of hard X-ray fluence (12–20 keV) and soft X-ray flux (4–10 keV) with the peak soft X-ray flux enabled us to identify strongly nonthermal flares. A multiwavelength investigation of spectral and imaging-mode observations of the 20 strongly nonthermal weak flares reveals an inverse relationship of q

f
with the emission measure (and density), and a positive relationship with the flare plasma temperature. This indicates that the plasma in tenuous loops attains higher temperatures compared to that in the denser loops, in response to nonthermal energy deposition. This is in agreement with the plasma parameters of the coronal loops, as derived by applying the one-dimensional Palermo–Harvard hydrodynamical code to coronal loop plasma with different initial coronal loop base pressures when subjected to similar heating inputs. Our investigation, therefore, indicates that the plasma parameters of the flaring loop in the initial phase have a decisive role in the thermal–nonthermal energy partitioning.
Different Dependence of Narrow Hα Line Luminosity on Optical Continuum Luminosity between Star-forming Galaxies and Type 2 Active Galactic Nuclei: Globally Negative AGN Feedback in Local Type 2 AGN?
Authors: Zhang XueGuang 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In this manuscript, clues are provided to support globally negative active galactic nuclei (AGN) feedback on star formation in the host galaxies of the local low-redshift Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) Type 2 AGN, based on the different dependence of narrow Hα line luminosity L
Hα
on optical continuum luminosity λ
L
cont between star-forming galaxies and Type 2 AGN. Through the measured L
Hα
and λ
L
cont in SDSS star-forming galaxies, there is a strong linear correlation between λ
L
cont and L
Hα
, accepted as a standard correlation without the effects of AGN activity. Meanwhile, considering the apparent contribution of AGN activity to the narrow Hα line emissions in Type 2 AGN, the correlation between λ
L
cont and L
Hα
in the SDSS Type 2 AGN leads to a statistically lower L
Hα
in Type 2 AGN than in star-forming galaxies, with a significance level higher than 5σ, even after considering necessary effects (including effects of host galaxy properties), leading to the accepted conclusion on the globally negative AGN feedback in the local Type 2 AGN. Meanwhile, the properties of Dn(4000) and Hδ

A
can provide indirect clues to support the globally negative AGN feedback in local Type 2 AGN, due to older stellar ages in Type 2 AGN. Moreover, it is interesting to expect more than 50% narrow Hα emissions globally suppressed in the host galaxies of Type 2 AGN relative to the star-forming galaxies. The results not only support globally negative AGN feedback in local Type 2 AGN, but also show further clues on the quantification of suppressions of star formation by the globally negative AGN feedback.
The JWST Resolved Stellar Populations Early Release Science Program. V. DOLPHOT Stellar Photometry for NIRCam and NIRISS
Authors: Weisz Daniel R. , Dolphin Andrew E. , Savino Alessandro , McQuinn Kristen B. W. , Newman Max J. B. , Williams Benjamin F. , Kallivayalil Nitya , Anderson Jay , Boyer Martha L. , Correnti Matteo , Geha Marla C. , Sandstrom Karin M. , Cole Andrew A. , Warfield Jack T. , Skillman Evan D. , Cohen Roger E. , Beaton Rachael , Bressan Alessandro , Bolatto Alberto , Boylan-Kolchin Michael , Brooks Alyson M. , Bullock James S. , Conroy Charlie , Cooper Michael C. , Dalcanton Julianne J. , Dotter Aaron L. , Fritz Tobias K. , Garling Christopher T. , Gennaro Mario , Gilbert Karoline M. , Girardi Leo , Johnson Benjamin D. , Johnson L. Clifton , Kalirai Jason , Kirby Evan N. , Lang Dustin , Marigo Paola , Richstein Hannah , Schlafly Edward F. , Tollerud Erik J. , Wetzel Andrew 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
We present NIRCam and NIRISS modules for DOLPHOT, a widely used crowded-field stellar photometry package. We describe details of the modules including pixel masking, astrometric alignment, star finding, photometry, catalog creation, and artificial star tests. We tested these modules using NIRCam and NIRISS images of M92 (a Milky Way globular cluster), Draco II (an ultrafaint dwarf galaxy), and Wolf–Lundmark–Mellote (a star-forming dwarf galaxy). DOLPHOT’s photometry is highly precise, and the color–magnitude diagrams are deeper and have better definition than anticipated during original program design in 2017. The primary systematic uncertainties in DOLPHOT’s photometry arise from mismatches in the model and observed point-spread functions (PSFs) and aperture corrections, each contributing ≲0.01 mag to the photometric error budget. Version 1.2 of WebbPSF models, which include charge diffusion and interpixel capacitance effects, significantly reduced PSF-related uncertainties. We also observed minor (≲0.05 mag) chip-to-chip variations in NIRCam’s zero-points, which will be addressed by the JWST flux calibration program. Globular cluster observations are crucial for photometric calibration. Temporal variations in the photometry are generally ≲0.01 mag, although rare large misalignment events can introduce errors up to 0.08 mag. We provide recommended DOLPHOT parameters, guidelines for photometric reduction, and advice for improved observing strategies. Our Early Release Science DOLPHOT data products are available on MAST, complemented by comprehensive online documentation and tutorials for using DOLPHOT with JWST imaging data.
A Bias-corrected Luminosity Function for Red Supergiant Supernova Progenitor Stars
Authors: Strotjohann Nora L. , Ofek Eran O. , Gal-Yam Avishay 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The apparent tension between the luminosity functions of red supergiant (RSG) stars and of RSG progenitors of Type II supernovae (SNe) is often referred to as the RSG problem and it motivated some to suggest that many RSGs end their life without an SN explosion. However, the luminosity functions of RSG SN progenitors presented so far were biased to high luminosities, because the sensitivity of the search was not considered. Here, we use limiting magnitudes to calculate a bias-corrected RSG progenitor luminosity function. We find that only (36 ± 11)% of all RSG progenitors are brighter than a bolometric magnitude of −7 mag, a significantly smaller fraction than (56 ± 5)% quoted by Davies & Beasor. The larger uncertainty is due to the relatively small progenitor sample, while uncertainties on measured quantities such as magnitudes, bolometric corrections, extinction, or SN distances, only have a minor impact, as long as they fluctuate randomly for different objects in the sample. The bias-corrected luminosity functions of RSG SN progenitors and Type M supergiants in the Large Magellanic Cloud are consistent with each other, as also found by Davies & Beasor for the uncorrected luminosity function. The RSG progenitor luminosity function, hence, does not imply the existence of failed SNe. The presented statistical method is not limited to progenitor searches, but applies to any situation in which a measurement is done for a sample of detected objects, but the probed quantity or property can only be determined for part of the sample.
Electrostatic Wave Decay in the Randomly Inhomogeneous Solar Wind
Authors: Krafft C. , Savoini P. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Despite a few space observations where Langmuir and ion acoustic waves are expected to participate in the mechanism of electrostatic decay, this is to date believed to be the main and fastest nonlinear wave process in the solar wind. However, in such a plasma where random density fluctuations are ubiquitous, the question of whether nonlinear wave processes play a significant role in Langmuir wave turbulence generated by electron beams associated with type III solar radio bursts remains still open. This paper provides several answers by studying, owing to two-dimensional challenging particle-in-cell simulations, the dynamics and the properties of the ion acoustic waves excited by such Langmuir wave turbulence and the role they play in the electrostatic decay. The impact on this process of plasma background density fluctuations and electron-to-ion temperature ratio is studied. Moreover, it is shown that, for a typical solar wind plasma with an average level of density fluctuations of a few percent of the ambient density and a temperature ratio of the order of 1, nonlinear induced scattering off ions occurs, with small intensity low-frequency quasi-modes and only in localized plasma regions where density is depleted or weakly perturbed by low-frequency turbulence.
DNA-based occurrence dataset on peatland fungal communities studied by metabarcoding in north-western Siberia
Authors: Filippova Nina , Zvyagina Elena , Rudykina Elena , Ishmanov Tagir , Filippov Ilya , Bulyonkova Tatiana , Dobrynina Alevtina 
Published: March 2024

The paper represents the first DNA-based occurrence dataset on peatland fungal communities published for north-western Siberia, the first for Russia and complements several existing datasets on metabarcoding of peat soils globally.
The aim of the present publication is to describe the first DNA-based occurrence dataset on fungal communities in peat soils and other substrates studied by the eDNA approach in the Mukhrino raised bog, located in a large paludified area of north-western Siberia. A comparison of the species diversity of larger fungi identified by the conventional approach and by eDNA showed a high proportion of shared taxa. Other groups (mainly Ascomycota), described by metabarcoding, revealed high diversity compared with conventional observation. Overall, the species richness identified in one peatland locality (the Mukhrino Bog) was comparable in number of species to the global estimation of fungal diversity in peatlands, previously reported in literature.
Visiter en famille
Authors: Jonchery Anne 
Published: March 2024

Résumé Conjuguant plusieurs recherches quantitatives et qualitatives, cet article cherche à comprendre comment se construit à la fois la visite en famille comme pratique culturelle et le public qui la pratique. Des motivations individuelles aux enjeux collectifs, il s’agit d’appréhender ce qui se joue pour les parents et pour les enfants, entre recomposition et bouleversement des pratiques de visite pour les premiers, construction des rapports aux musées pour les seconds. La socialisation enfantine au musée apparaît alors traversée par des processus d’imprégnation des modèles parentaux, les projets éducatifs et par le regard parental posé sur la visite scolaire.
Study of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Various Clinical Specimens from Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Chandi* Dhruba Hari 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Staphylococci are Gram-positive bacteria, with a diameter of 0.5–1.5 μm and individual cocci, which are divided in more than one plane from the grape-like cluster. In the genus staphylococci, 32 species and 8 subspecies are present in many of which are present as a commensal in the human body. Staphylococci are frequently found as a normal flora of skin mucosal, surface of respiratory, upper elementary, and urogenital tract of the human body. In immunocompromised condition, the infection can be spread by skin-to-skin contact and also by excretion such as saliva aerosol releasing during sneezing and coughing. Infection of staphylococci may also spread from the animal product such as nonpasteurized milk and milk products. Over the last few decades, Staphylococcus aureus has emerge as the most dangerous organism, which is known as methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). Some strains show vancomycin resistance by S. aureus in hospitalized patients. The present study was conducted to study the prevalence and antibiogram of MRSA isolates in a clinical sample from Acharya Vinoba Bhave Rural Hospital.

Materials and Methods:
This study was conducted in the Department of Microbiology at Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College (Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research), Wardha, from August 2020 to December 2021. The samples received in the microbiology laboratory were inoculated on blood agar and MacConkey’s agar, and incubated for 24 h at 37°C for staphylococcal isolation. A total of 145 Staphylococcal aureus were isolated and confirmed by Gram stain and various biochemical tests such as catalase test, oxidase test, coagulase test, and mannitol salt agar. Antibiotic susceptibility test was examined on the Mueller–Hinton agar plate using the modified Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion method. Screening of methicillin resistant was performed by cefoxitin (30 μg) disc diffusion method and interpreted according to CLSI guideline.

Results:
The prevalence of MRSA was 76 (52.41%) to methicillin-susceptible S. aureus. The highest MRSA was found in the age group >50 years (26.31%). Out of 76 MRSA isolates from different departments, the medicine and orthopedic departments show maximum MRSA as 19.74% each followed by pediatrics (17.11%) and surgery (13.16). Out of 76 MRSA isolates, vancomycin showed 93.42% sensitivity followed by linezolid (85.52%), Gentamicin (71.05%), tetracycline (56.57%), clindamycin (46.05%), and erythromycin (31.57%).

Conclusion:
With the advancement of new therapeutic agent, MRSA is also being easily resistant. Due to increasing cases of MRSA, there is an increase in the rate of morbidity and mortality. Moreover, except vancomycin, other drugs are resistant, as their MIC is not in the susceptible range. Thus, the results of this study indicate that vancomycin is a suitable medication to take when MRSA cases rise. In such cases, MRSA can be controlled by regular monitoring and checking the irrational use of antibiotics.
Awareness, Practices, and Contributing Factors toward Medication Errors in Children among Pediatric Nurses
Authors: Singh Sonali , Kodi S. Malar , Deol Rupinder 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT

Context:
Medication errors are a global issue that poses a significant threat to patient safety and results in serious harm. Inconsistencies in drug formulations make children more susceptible to medication errors. Nurses have the primary responsibility of preventing medication errors in children.

Aim:
The aim of this study was to assess the awareness, practices, and contributing factors among pediatric nurses at a selected tertiary care hospital, Rishikesh.

Setting and Design:
This was a cross-sectional study conducted at a tertiary care hospital in Rishikesh (Uttarakhand), India.

Methods:
One hundred and twenty nurses working in pediatric care units at a tertiary care hospital in Rishikesh were involved in the study. The participants were chosen using the total enumerative sampling technique in accordance with the inclusion criteria. A self-structured questionnaire and Likert scale was used to collect the data.

Statistical Analysis:
The collected data were analyzed using frequency, mean and standard deviation, Pearson correlation, Fisher’s exact test, and Chi-square test using the SPSS software version 26.0.

Results:
Majority (70%) of the pediatric nurses were moderately aware and most of them (80%) were practicing safely toward medication errors in children. The most common reason for medication errors in children was a lack of familiarity with look-alike and sound-alike drugs.

Conclusion:
The study findings revealed that awareness and practices toward reporting of medication errors in children among the pediatric nurses needs to be improved by establishing the guidelines and organizing in-service education programs, the incidence of medication errors in children can be reduced.
Development and Validation of Derivatization Method for Simultaneous Quantitation of Asteracantha longifolia (L.) Nees Phytoconstituents by Liquid Chromatography–Electrospray Ionization–Mass Spectrometry/Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Raval Sadanand Eknath , Sapale Seema R. , Vaidya Vikas V. , Gosar Amit 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Betulin, lupeol, stigmasterol, and β-sitosterol are the active phytoconstituents accountable for the practical application of Asteracantha longifolia (L.) Nees in ayurvedic treatments as antitumor, hypoglycemic, aphrodisiac, antibacterial, free radical scavenging, lipid peroxidation, and hepatoprotective agent. As an essential medicinal plant in modern and traditional medicine, regularly checking raw material’s quality attributes and quantifying the phytoconstituents is indispensable.

Aim:
The aim of this study was to optimize derivatization conditions of these four essential phytoconstituents with p-toluenesulfonyl isocyanate (PTSI) reagent and the development of a liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization (ESI)–mass spectrometry (MS)/MS method that aids in the simultaneous detection of these four phytoconstituents.

Objective:
Thus, derivatization enhances sensitivity for detection in the negative mode with an electron spray ionization source and tandem mass spectroscopy. Further, the sensitive and rapid analytical method for simultaneous quantitation of betulin, lupeol, stigmasterol, and β-sitosterol is subsequently validated in line with the guidelines by ICH and used to quantify the phytoconstituents in two over-the-counter herbal formulations and one plant extract isolated at laboratory scale under batch analysis.

Materials and Methods:
PTSI reagent of purity <98% procured from TCI and other chromatography reagents of MS grade were utilized in the optimization of an analytical method.

Results:
The developed LC-ESI-MS/MS-based method demonstrated specificity for the targeted phytoconstituents, with LOD and LOQ values of < 0.13 ng/mL and 0.4 ng/mL, respectively. Linearity was established with a correlation coefficient ≥ 0.998 over a concentration range of 0.2 ng/mL to 6 ng/mL. Precision, expressed as %RSD for peak response, was ≤ 5%. The method showed satisfactory recovery for betulin (98.5%-108.3%), lupeol (95.0%-109.3%), stigmasterol (101.9%-117.0%), and β-sitosterol (99.1%-116.2%).

Conclusion:
The reagent PTSI reacts rapidly and forms stable derivatives. The derivatization of active phytoconstituents betulin, lupeol, stigmasterol, and β-sitosterol has enhanced the detection sensitivity of the analytical method.
Comparison of Anesthetic Efficacy between 2% Lignocaine and 2% Mepivacaine in Inferior Alveolar Nerve Blocks during Extractions and Pulpotomies of Primary Molars in Children
Authors: Nayak Ullal Anand , Aljuhani Abdulkareem Shehb , Assaggaf Abdullah Ahmed , Alqahtani Ahmed Saad , Alaslani Husam Hussein , Alwadai Mohammed Saleh , Alzahrani Abdulrahman Mohammed 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT

Context:
There are few studies reported in children comparing local anesthetic agents for their efficacy during extraction and pulpotomy procedures, as well as how they affect the patient’s comfort, pain management, and postoperative outcomes. The current study was planned to assess the local anesthetic effectiveness of 2% lignocaine and 2% mepivacaine in inferior alveolar nerve blocks (IANBs) during pediatric primary molar extractions and pulpotomies.

Subjects and Methods:
A randomized, double-blind clinical trial was carried out among 60 healthy children between the ages of 6 and 12 years who needed pulpotomies or tooth extractions of their mandibular primary molars. Traditional IANBs were performed either using 2% lignocaine or 2% mepivacaine, both with 1:100,000 epinephrine. The efficacy of local anesthesia was determined by an independent, trained operator after the procedures of local anesthesia, pulpotomy, and extraction. The pain experienced and the behavior of the child were recorded. The parameters, such as the onset and duration of anesthesia, between the groups were compared using an unpaired t-test. The pain rating by the child and the behavior rating by the operator were analyzed by an independent t-test and a Mann–Whitney U-test, respectively. The associated discomfort due to local anesthesia among groups was analyzed by the Fisher’s exact test and the Spearman’s correlation coefficient test. A value of P < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.

Results:
The onset of anesthesia was significantly earlier for the lignocaine group (104.93 s) than the mepivacaine group (138.13 s) while performing pulpotomy (P < 0.001) and extraction (P < 0.001) procedures. The duration of action of lignocaine (173.06 min) was longer than that of mepivacaine (139.96 min). However, this comparison was statistically significant only for the extraction group (P = 0.015) but not for the pulpotomy group (P = 0.057). There was no statistically significant difference in the pain rating, their behavior, or the incidence of self-inflicted injury or discomfort between the anesthetic groups.

Conclusions:
The time taken for the onset of soft-tissue anesthesia was significantly shorter, and its duration was longer for 2% lignocaine when compared to 2% mepivacaine, when both the agents were given along with 1:100,000 adrenaline. Both agents were similarly effective for pulpotomy and extraction of primary molar teeth with respect to pain control and the behavior displayed by the child, which resulted in similar minor postoperative complications.