bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Serum crosslinked N‐terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen for evaluation of bone loss in hemodialysis patients using dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry
Authors: Nakai Tsuyoshi , Kanbara Nobuaki 
Published: April 2007

AbstractBACKGROUNDUseful markers of bone resorption are needed for hemodialysis (HD) patients with renal osteodystrophy. The present study investigated the use of a new immunoassay for the crosslinked N‐terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen to assess bone loss in HD patients.METHODSForty‐seven male and 19 female patients were enrolled in this study. Their mean age was 64 years, and the mean duration they had been receiving HD was 110 months at the time of investigation. Their mean body mass index (BMI) was 21 kg/m2. Serum levels of N‐terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen (NTx) and of total calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), alkaline phosphatase (Alp), and intact parathyroid hormone (PTH) were measured. Bone mineral density (BMD) of the distal one‐third of the radius was examined by dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry.RESULTSSerum levels of NTx, Ca, P, Alp, and intact PTH were 68.9 nmol BCE/L, 4.5 mEq/L, 6.3 mg/dL, 248 IU/L, and 241 pg/mL, respectively. BMD was positively correlated with BMI (r = 0.24, p < .05) and negatively correlated with NTx (r = −0.27, p < .05) and duration of HD (r = −0.24, p < .05).CONCLUSIONSSerum NTx could be a useful marker of bone resorption in patients with renal osteodystrophy. If high serum NTx is found, then treatment for prevention of bone loss should be considered.
No evidence that an exercise‐based treatment programme (DDAT) has specific benefits for children with reading difficulties
Authors: Rack John P. , Snowling Margaret J. , Hulme Charles , Gibbs Simon 
Published: April 2007

AbstractReynolds and Nicolson (Dyslexia: An International Journal of Research & Practice, 2007) report follow‐up data 12 and 18 months after a period of intervention consisting of an exercise‐based treatment programme (Dyslexia Dyspraxia Attention Treatment Programme, DDAT). The findings suggested the treatment had effects on bead threading, balance, rapid naming, semantic fluency and working memory but not on reading or spelling. We argue that the design of the study is flawed, the statistics used to analyse the data are inappropriate, and reiterate other issues raised by ourselves and others in this journal in 2003. Current evidence provides no support for the claim that DDAT is effective in improving children's literacy skills. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sound design and balanced analyses: response to Rack and colleagues
Authors: Nicolson Roderick I. , Reynolds David 
Published: April 2007

AbstractRack, Snowling, Hulme and Gibbs (Dyslexia, 2007) provide a polemical critique of Reynolds and Nicolson (Dyslexia, 2007). We present further statistical analyses, as suggested. The further analyses confirm the findings reported. We also present a brief critique of the applicability of the clinical trials methodology to education. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Helminths, allergic disorders and IgE‐mediated immune responses: Where do we stand?
Authors: Erb Klaus J. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractTh2 responses induced by allergens or helminths share many common features. However, allergen‐specific IgE can almost always be detected in atopic patients, whereas helminth‐specific IgE is often not detectable and anaphylaxis often occurs in atopy but not helminth infections. This may be due to T regulatory responses induced by the helminths or the lack of helminth‐specific IgE. Alternatively non‐specific IgE induced by the helminths may protect from mast cell or basophil degranulation by saturating IgE binding sites. Both of these mechanisms have been implicated to be involved in helminth‐induced protection from allergic responses. An article in the current issue of the European Journal of Immunology describes the generation of an anti‐Nippostrongylus brasiliensis‐specific IgE antibody which was used to identify a novel N. brasiliensis antigen (Nb‐Ag1). The authors demonstrated that Nb‐Ag1 specific IgE could only be detected for a short period of time during infection, and that these levels were sufficient to prime mast cells thereby leading to active cutaneous anaphylaxis after the application of Nb‐Ag1. This is the first report clearly showing that a low level of helminth‐specific IgE, transiently produced, is able to induce mast cell degranulation in the presence of large amounts of polyclonal IgE.See accompanying article: http://dx.doi/10.1002/eji.200737135
Determining restriction digest efficiency using the SNaPshot single‐base extension method and CE
Authors: Ballantyne Kaye N. , van Oorschot Roland A. H. , Kayser Manfred , Mitchell R. John 
Published: April 2007

AbstractIncomplete restriction endonuclease digestion may cause complications during particular applications, where any undigested product may interfere with genotyping accuracy, cloning efficiency or PCR amplification. In some instances it may be useful to measure the amount of undigested DNA remaining in the sample, allowing redigestion or elimination of unsuitable samples. A single‐base extension SNP genotyping method (SNaPshot, Applied Biosytems) was adapted to interrogate restriction sites and their digestibility. The digested DNA was amplified by nested PCR to specifically amplify sections containing the restriction sites of interest. Single interrogation primers, terminating immediately 5′ of the cleavage site, were used in conjunction with the SNaPshot multiplex system and CE to detect intact, amplifiable product remaining in the digest. This method detected as little as 10 pg of intact DNA, within a larger proportion of digested DNA. Across two different restriction enzymes, the amount remaining undigested was found to be dependent on the amount of DNA, ranging from 0.08% with 200 ng to 1.25% with 600 ng.
2‐DE proteomic analysis of the model cyanobacterium Anabaena variabilis
Authors: Barrios‐Llerena Martin E. , Reardon Kenneth F. , Wright Phillip C. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractCyanobacteria are photosynthetic bacteria capable of producing hydrogen and secondary metabolites with potential pharmaceutical applications. A limited number of cyanobacterial 2‐DE proteomic studies have been published, most of which are based on Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Here, we report the use of 2‐DE, ESI‐MS/MS and protein bioinformatics tools to characterize the proteome of Anabaena variabilis ATCC 29413, a heterocystous nitrogen‐fixing cyanobacterium that is a model organism for the study of nitrogen fixation. Using a 2‐DE workflow that included the use of a detergent‐based extraction buffer and 3–10 nonlinear IPG strips resulted in the identification of 254 unique proteins, with significantly better coverage of basic and low‐abundance proteins that has been reported in 2‐DE analyses of Synechocystis sp. A set of protein bioinformatics tools was employed to provide estimates of protein localization, hydrophobicity, abundance and other properties. The characteristics of the A. variabilis proteins identified in this study were compared against the theoretical proteome for this organism, and more generally within the cyanobacteria, to identify opportunities for further development of 2‐DE‐based cyanobacterial proteomics.
Study of injection bias in a simple hydrodynamic injection in microchip CE
Authors: Gong Maojun , Wehmeyer Kenneth R. , Stalcup Apryll M. , Limbach Patrick A. , Heineman William R. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe electrokinetically pinched method is the most commonly used mode for sample injection in microchip capillary electrophoresis (μCE) due to its simplicity and well‐defined sample volume. However, the limited injection volume and the electrophoretic bias of the pinched injection may limit its universal usage to specific applications. Several hydrodynamic injection methods in μCE have been reported; however, almost all claimed that their methods are bias‐free without considering the dispensing bias. To investigate the dispensing bias, a simple hydrodynamic injection was developed in single‐T and double‐T glass microchips. The sample flow was produced by hydrostatic pressure generated by the liquid level difference between the sample reservoir and the other reservoirs. The reproducibility of peak area and peak area ratio was improved to a significant extent using large‐surface reservoirs for the buffer reservoir and the sample waste reservoir to reduce the Laplace pressure effect. Without a voltage applied on the sample solution, the voltage‐related sample bias was eliminated. The dispensing bias was analyzed theoretically and studied experimentally. It was demonstrated that the dispensing bias existed and could be reduced significantly by appropriately setting up the voltage configuration and by controlling the appropriate liquid level difference.
Quantification of buserelin in a pharmaceutical product by multiple‐injection CZE
Authors: Lodén Henrik , Amini Ahmad 
Published: April 2007

AbstractAn efficient and rapid separation method based on reversed‐polarity multiple‐injection CZE (MICZE), has been developed for the quantification of buserelin in a pharmaceutical product. The determinations were performed by serially injecting five standard solutions of buserelin (50–300 μg/mL) and one reference analyte into a Polybrene‐coated capillary. All the samples contained goserelin, an analog peptide to buserelin, as internal standard (IS). Immediately after pressure injection, the applied sample plugs were subjected to electrophoresis for 2 min at −25 kV. Consequently, each sample plug became isolated from its neighboring plugs by the BGE, composed of 100 mM phosphate‐triethanolamine buffer at pH 3.0 containing 10% v/v ACN. During separation the individual sample components migrated at similar velocities and as distinct zones through the capillary giving 24 peaks, 12 from the analyte and the IS and 12 from the sample matrix. The buserelin content of the pharmaceutical product was determined to be 0.94 ± 0.05 mg/mL, which is only a slight deviation from the declared concentration (1 mg/mL).
Estimation of inhomogeneous zeta potential using velocity measurements of EOF
Authors: Park Hung Mok , Lee Jun Suk 
Published: April 2007

AbstractWe have developed a method of estimating the zeta potential distribution along the microchannel wall using velocity measurements of the EOF. The relevant inverse problem is solved through the minimization of a performance function utilizing the conjugate gradient method. Employing a set of simulated velocity measurements, which is constructed by adding random noise to the computed exact velocity, the present method is found to estimate the distribution of the zeta potential along the channel wall with reasonable accuracy.
On‐line preconcentration of weak electrolytes by electrokinetic accumulation in CE: Experiment and simulation
Authors: Horáková Jana , Petr Jan , Maier Vítězslav , Tesařová Eva , Veis Libor , Armstrong Daniel W. , Gaš Bohuslav , Ševčík Juraj 
Published: April 2007

AbstractA new on‐line preconcentration technique was developed that makes possible to determine nanomolar concentrations of weak acidic analytes in CE. The method consists of long‐running electrokinetic sample injection and stacking (electrokinetic immobilization) of the analytes at a boundary of two electrolytes with different pH values (pH 9.5 and 2.5) and consequent mobilization of the stacked uncharged analytes in a micellar system (containing SDS micelles). Several factors including buffer concentration, pH, applied voltage, time of preconcentration, and SDS concentration were tested to optimize the analysis method. An about 4600‐fold increase of the sample concentration (in comparison with the standard CZE) can be achieved during the preconcentration step. Two preservatives applied in food industry – benzoic acid and sorbic acid were used as model samples. The applicability of the proposed method in food analysis was demonstrated by determination of nanomolar concentrations of benzoic acid in sunflower oil. An extended version of the computer program Simul was used for modeling both the preconcentration and mobilization processes taking place in the capillary.
Analysis of fullerene‐based nanomaterial in serum matrix by CE
Authors: Chan King C. , Patri Anil K. , Veenstra Timothy D. , McNeil Scott E. , Issaq Haleem J. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractWith the increasing interest in using nanoparticles as vehicles for drug delivery and image contrast agents, there is a need to develop assays for their detection and quantitation in complex matrices to facilitate monitoring their biodistribution. In this study, we developed a CE approach for the analysis of two nanoparticles: carboxyfullerene (C3) and dendrofullerene (DF1) in both standard solutions and a serum matrix. These highly soluble, charged C60 derivatives were characterized by CZE using either a bare or dynamically coated fused‐silica capillaries. The resolution of both nanoparticles was slightly lower with the coated capillary; however, their migration times were faster. While separation of the DF1 nanoparticles using MEKC resulted in a greater number of observable peaks, the peak profile of C3 was basically unchanged regardless of whether SDS micelles were added to the running buffers or not. The MEKC and/or CZE assays were then used to quantitate the C3 and DF1 nanoparticles in spiked human serum samples. The quantitation of the nanoparticles was linear from 0–500 μg/mL with detection limits ranging from 0.5 to 6 μg/mL.
Unscheduled DNA replication origin activation at inserted HPV 18 sequences in a HPV‐18/MYC amplicon
Authors: Conti Chiara , Herrick John , Bensimon Aaron 
Published: April 2007

AbstractOncogene amplification is a critical step leading to tumorigenesis, but the underlying mechanisms are still poorly understood. Despite data suggesting that DNA replication is a major source of genomic instability, little is known about replication origin usage and replication fork progression in rearranged regions. Using a single DNA molecule approach, we provide here the first study of replication kinetics on a previously characterized MYC/papillomavirus (HPV18) amplicon in a cervical cancer. Using this amplicon as a model, we investigated the role DNA replication control plays in generating amplifications in human cancers. The data reveal severely perturbed DNA replication kinetics in the amplified region when compared with other regions of the same genome. It was found that DNA replication is initiated from both genomic and viral sequences, resulting in a higher median frequency of origin firings. In addition, it was found that the higher initiation frequency was associated with an equivalent increase in the number of stalled replication forks. These observations raise the intriguing possibility that unscheduled replication origin activation at inserted HPV‐18 viral DNA sequences triggers DNA amplification in this cancer cell line and the subsequent overexpression of the MYC oncogene. This article contains Supplementary Material available at http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/1045‐2257/suppmat. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Jumping translocations
Authors: Berger Roland , Bernard Olivier A. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractJumping translocations (JT) are uncommon constitutional or acquired chromosome rearrangements involving one donor and several recipient chromosomes. They occur in various pathologic conditions and the mechanism of their formation remains elusive. A review of the literature showed that the major localizations of the breakpoints of JTs in human samples are nonrandomly located in pericentromeric and telomeric regions of chromosomes. Interestingly, comparison of the localization of the chromosomal breakpoints and of presence of interstitial DNA repeats showed differences between constitutional and acquired JTs suggesting differences in the mechanisms for the genesis of JTs and their consequences. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Two Novel Alkaloids from Zanthoxylum nitidum
Authors: Hu Jiang , Zhang Wei‐Dong , Shen Yun‐Heng , Zhang Chuan , Liu Run‐Hui , Xu Xi‐Ke , Wang Bin 
Published: April 2007

AbstractTwo novel alkaloids, 4,5‐dihydroxy‐1‐methyl‐3‐oxo‐2‐(trichloromethyl)‐3H‐indolium chloride (1) and 4‐(2‐methoxyethyl)‐N,N‐dimethylbenzenamine (2), were isolated from the EtOH extract of the roots of Zanthoxylum nitidum. Their structures were identified on the basis of spectroscopic and mass‐spectrometric analyses.
Three New Compounds from Kadsura longipedunculata
Authors: Pu Jian‐Xin , Xiao Wei‐Lie , Li Hong‐Mei , Huang Sheng‐Xiong , Li Sheng‐Hong , Sun Han‐Dong 
Published: April 2007

AbstractFrom the leaves and stems of Kadsura longipedunculata Finet et Gagnep (Schisandraceae), a new triterpenoid, schisanlactone E (1), and two new lignans, 9‐(β‐D‐glucopyranosyloxy)‐3′‐methoxy‐3,4‐(methylenedioxy)‐7,9′‐epoxylignan‐4′‐ol (3) and 3‐methoxy‐3′,4′‐(methylenedioxy)‐9,9′‐epoxylignan‐4,7′‐diol (4), together with seven known compounds, were isolated. Their structures were elucidated by analysis of spectroscopic evidence including extensive 2D‐NMR data.
New Lignans from the Roots of Taiwania cryptomerioidesHayata
Authors: Chyu Chiou‐Fung , Kuo Yueh‐Hsiung 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe five new lignans designated 3′,4′‐de‐O‐methylenehinokinin (1), taiwaninolide (2), 8′‐hydroxysavinin (3), isoguamarol (4), and 4′‐O‐methylsalicifolin (5), as well as the new 4‐(3,4‐dimethoxybenzyl)dihydro‐3‐(4‐hydroxybenzyl)furan‐2(3H)‐one (6) were isolated from the roots of Taiwania cryptomerioides, besides the three known compounds hinokinin (8), savinin (9), and 3,4‐de‐O‐methylenehinokinin (7). The structures of the new constituents were elucidated through chemical and spectral studies. A compound previously isolated from the heartwood of Chamaecyparis obtusa var. formosana was assigned structure 1; however, this structure has now been revised to be 3,4‐de‐O‐methylenehinokinin (7).
Two New Tetranortriterpenoids from Cipadessa cinerascens
Authors: Ren Yan‐Li , Tang Qian‐Rui , Di Ying‐Tong , He Hong‐Ping , Zhang Zhen , Li Shun‐Lin , Hao Xiao‐Jiang 
Published: April 2007

AbstractTwo new tetranortriterpenoids, cipadesin D (1) and E (2), were isolated from the stems of Cipadessa cinerascens. Their structures were elucidated by analysis of their spectroscopic data.
Four New Germine Esters from Veratrum dahuricum
Authors: Tang Jian , Li Hui‐Liang , Shen Yun‐Heng , Jin Hui‐Zi , Yan Shi‐Kai , Liu Run‐Hui , Zhang Wei‐Dong 
Published: April 2007

AbstractFour new alkaloids, compounds 1–4, based on the germine (=4,9‐epoxycevane‐3,4,7,14,15,16,20‐heptol; 5) framework, were isolated from the rhizomes of V. dahuricum, together with germine proper. The X‐ray crystal structure of germine (5) was solved, and all compounds were characterized by circular dichroism, 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR (1H,1H‐COSY, DEPT, HSQC, HMBC), as well as HR‐MS analyses.
Chemical Constituents from Cynoglossum gansuense
Authors: Jin Yuan‐Peng , Wei Xiao‐Ning , Shi Yan‐Ping 
Published: April 2007

AbstractTwo new alkaloids, i.e., (2,3‐dihydro‐1‐oxo‐1H‐pyrrolo[1,2‐a]pyrrol‐7‐yl)methyl (2S*,3S*)‐3‐[(β‐D‐glucopyranosyl)oxy]‐2‐hydroxy‐2‐(1‐methylethyl)butanoate (1) and 1,2‐dihydro‐8‐methoxy‐2‐oxoquinoline‐4‐carboxylic acid (2), were isolated from the alcoholic extract of the whole plant of Cynoglossum gansuense, together with twelve known compounds Their structures were characterized by means of spectroscopic methods, especially by 1H‐, 13C‐, and 2D‐NMR, as well as by HR‐MS experiments and comparison with literature data.
Oligonucleotide Analogues with Integrated Bases and Backbone. Part 14
Authors: Zhang Xiaomin , Bernet Bruno , Vasella Andrea 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe self‐complementary tetrameric propargyl triols 8, 14, 18, and 21 were synthesized to investigate the duplex formation of self‐complementary, ethynylene‐linked UUAA, AAUU, UAUA, and AUAU analogues with integrated bases and backbone (ONIBs). The linear synthesis is based on repetitive Sonogashira couplings and C‐desilylations (34–72% yield), starting from the monomeric propargyl alcohols 9 and 15 and the iodinated nucleosides 3, 7, 11, and 13. Strongly persistent intramolecular H‐bonds from the propargylic OH groups to N(3) of the adenosine units prevent the gg‐type orientation of the ethynyl groups at C(5′). As such, an orientation is required for the formation of cyclic duplexes, this H‐bond prevents the formation of duplexes connected by all four base pairs. However, the central units of the UAUA and AAUU analogues 18 and 14 associate in CDCl3/(D6)DMSO 10 : 1 to form a cyclic duplex characterized by reverse Hoogsteen base pairing. The UUAA tetramer 8 forms a cyclic UU homoduplex, while the AUAU tetramer 21 forms only linear associates. Duplex formation of the O‐silylated UUAA and AAUU tetramers is no longer prevented. The self‐complementary UUAA tetramer 22 forms Watson–Crick‐ and Hoogsteen‐type base‐paired cyclic duplexes more readily than the sequence‐isomeric AAUU tetramer 23, further illustrating the sequence selectivity of duplex formation.
Bulls, bears and excess volatility: can currency intervention help?
Authors: Corrado Luisa , Miller Marcus , Zhang Lei 
Published: April 2007

AbstractAsset mis‐pricing may reflect investor psychology; and excess volatility can arise from switches of sentiment. For a floating exchange rate where fundamentals follow a random walk, we show that excess volatility can be generated by the repeated entry and exit of currency ‘bulls’ and ‘bears’ with switches driven by ‘draw‐down’ trading rules. We argue that non‐sterilized intervention—in support of ‘monitoring band’—can reduce excess volatility by coordinating beliefs in line with policy. Strategic complementarity in the foreign exchange market suggests that sterilized intervention may also play a coordinating role. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nonparametric estimation of a hedonic price function
Authors: Parmeter Christopher F. , Henderson Daniel J. , Kumbhakar Subal C. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractRosen's (1974) theory of hedonic prices is implemented econometrically using recently developed nonparametric techniques to examine the influence of qualitative factors on the price of a house. Our ability to smooth categorical variables leads to greater generalization in the valuation process and provides a canvas for interactions between categorical and continuous variables that is difficult to exploit in parametric and semiparametric models. This is illustrated with a replication of a previously used partially linear model specification. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.