bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence, tropism, and activity of cutavirus in circulating blood lymphocytes, stool, and skin biopsy specimens of patients with cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma and parapsoriasis en plaques
Authors: Mohanraj Ushanandini , Väkevä Liisa , Ranki Annamari , Söderlund‐Venermo Maria 
Published: March 2024

AbstractA significant association has been established between a newly emerging human parvovirus, cutavirus (CuV), and cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma/mycosis fungoides (CTCL/MF) and its precursor parapsoriasis en plaques (PP). CTCL is a heterogeneous group of skin malignancies of T cells, the cause of which remains unknown. This study aimed to determine the activity, spread, and cell tropism of the skin‐persistent CuV. CuV DNA was detected in both skin biopsies (6/20, 30%) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) (4/29, 13.8%) from 49 CTCL/MF or PP patients, while none from 33 patients with any other type of skin disease or healthy subjects harbored CuV DNA. CuV DNA persisted in the skin or PBMCs for up to 15 years, despite circulating CuV‐specific IgG. Spliced CuV mRNA was expressed in skin, indicating viral activity. Also, both of two available stool samples contained encapsidated CuV genomes, suggesting that the patients excrete infectious virus into the environment. Finally, CuV was observed to target circulating and skin‐resident CD4 + T cells and some skin keratinocytes and macrophages. This is especially intriguing as malignant T cells in CTCL develop from CD4 + T cells. Hence, CuV should be further investigated for the overall role it plays in the complex tumor microenvironment of CTCL/MF.
Disproportion of Corpus Callosum in Fetuses With Malformations of Cortical Development
Authors: Jiang Yu‐Ting , Zeng Xiao‐Jing , He Miao , Lei Ting , Xie Hong‐Ning 
Published: April 2024

ObjectiveTo evaluate corpus callosum (CC) size in fetuses with malformations of cortical development (MCD) and to explore the diagnostic value of three CC length (CCL) ratios in identifying cortical abnormalities.MethodsThis is a single‐center retrospective study in singleton fetuses at 20–37 weeks of gestation between April 2017 and August 2022. The midsagittal plane of the fetal brain was obtained and evaluated for the following variables: length, height, area of the corpus callosum, and relevant markers, including the ratios of corpus callosum length to internal cranial occipitofrontal dimension (CCL/ICOFD), corpus callosum length to femur length (CCL/FL), and corpus callosum length to cerebellar vermian diameter (CCL/VD).Intra‐class correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to evaluate measurement consistency. The accuracy of biometric measurements in prediction of MCD was assessed using the area under the receiver‐operating‐characteristics curves (AUC).ResultsFetuses with MCD had a significantly decreased CCL, height (genu and splenium), and area as compared with those of normal fetuses (P < .05), but there was no significant difference in body height (P = .326).The CCL/ICOFD, CCL/FL, and CCL/VD ratios were significantly decreased in fetuses with MCD when compared with controls (P < .05). The CCL/ICOFD ratio offered the highest predictive accuracy for MCD, yielding an AUC of 0.856 (95% CI: 0.774–0.938, P < .001), followed by CCL/FL ratio (AUC, 0.780 (95% CI: 0.657–0.904), P < .001), CCL/VD ratio (AUC, 0.677 (95% CI: 0.559–0.795), P < .01).ConclusionThe corpus callosum biometric parameters in fetuses with MCD are reduced. The CCL/ICOFD ratio derived from sonographic measurements is considered a promising tool for the prenatal detection of cortical malformations. External validation of these findings and prospective studies are warranted.
How Does Ultrasound Global OMERACT–EULAR Synovitis Score (GLOESS) for Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) Activity Assessment Perform in Real‐Life?
Authors: de Andrade Nicole Pamplona Bueno , Brenol Claiton Viegas , da Silva Chakr Rafael Mendonça 
Published: April 2024

ObjectiveThis study aimed to assess the effectiveness of the Global OMERACT–EULAR Synovitis Score (GLOESS) of bilateral second to fifth metacarpophalangeal joints (MCP 2–5) in evaluating rheumatoid arthritis (RA) activity in a real‐life setting.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study included consecutive RA patients without hyperalgesia. Clinical data were extracted from electronic medical records. Evaluations were conducted on bilateral MCP 2–5 by two independent experts in musculoskeletal ultrasound (MSUS). Correlation between clinical and ultrasonographic parameters was analyzed, aiming to define a cutoff value for detecting disease activity.ResultsSixty‐nine patients were included. The mean DAS28‐ESR was 4.3 (±1.4), and the median GLOESS was 7 (13). The correlation between GLOESS and DAS28 was moderate (r = .62; P < .05). A total GLOESS score of ≤3 and all joints with both GS and PD ≤1 showed good sensitivity and specificity for detecting disease activity (remission/low vs moderate/high, P = 0).ConclusionIn a real‐life scenario, GLOESS for MCP 2–5 emerges as a valuable measure of RA activity. The optimal cutoff distinguishing remission/low from moderate/high disease activity was determined to be GLOESS ≤3, with all MCP joints exhibiting both GS and PD scores of ≤1.
Integrated Electro‐Optic Frequency Combs: Theory and Current Progress
Authors: Zhang Tao , Yin Ke , Zhang Chenxi , Miao Runlin , Jiang Tian 
Published: April 2024

AbstractOptical frequency combs (OFCs) have evolved into one of the most active areas of photonics, underpinning advancements in both fundamental science and commercial contexts. Electro‐optic modulation for OFC generation offers excellent versatility, stability, and phase coherence. With the rapid progress in micro‐nano fabrication techniques, electro‐optic frequency combs (EOFCs) have been realized on many integrated platforms, including silicon on insulator (SOI), indium phosphide (InP), and lithium niobate on insulator (LNOI). These compact, low‐cost, and energy‐efficient EOFCs support a wide range of applications. In this study, we review the theory for the generation of integrated EOFCs, summarize the demonstrations on the main integrated platforms, present applications, and envision the development directions of integrated EOFCs in view of materials, devices, and applications.
What is the role of microbial biotechnology and genetic engineering in medicine?
Authors: Santos‐Beneit Fernando 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMicrobial products are essential for developing various therapeutic agents, including antibiotics, anticancer drugs, vaccines, and therapeutic enzymes. Genetic engineering techniques, functional genomics, and synthetic biology unlock previously uncharacterized natural products. This review highlights major advances in microbial biotechnology, focusing on gene‐based technologies for medical applications.
How green advertising and power structures affect competition between green and non‐green manufacturers?
Authors: Wu Sisi , Cao Jian , Xu Jiayang , Kumar Sanjay 
Published: March 2024

AbstractConsidering scenarios with and without green advertising, we compare the optimal solutions and performance of both green and non‐green manufacturers under three power structures. Green manufacturers who invest in green advertising experience enhanced output and profits, with the highest level of green advertising and profit improvement when they dominate market. In most cases, green advertising investment tends to decrease the output and profits of non‐green manufacturers. However, under specific circumstances, such as when non‐green manufacturers dominate market and the production cost of green products exceeds a certain threshold, investing in green advertising can unexpectedly stimulate demand for non‐green products.
Mit DNA malen
Authors: Lietard Jory 
Published: March 2024

AbstractFluoreszenzfarbstoffe machen sichtbar, wo zwei DNA‐Stränge nicht vollständig zusammenpassen und somit keine perfekte Helix bilden. Dabei gilt: Je stabiler die Helix, desto stärker die Fluoreszenz. Wird dies auf Farbstoffe angewendet, die im roten, grünen und blauen Teil des sichtbaren Lichtspektrums emittieren, lässt sich eine Skala erstellen, die DNA‐Sequenzen bestimmten Farben zuordnet.
Forschungstransfer mal anders
Authors: Leusmann Eliza 
Published: March 2024

AbstractKonferenzen und Workshops sind wichtig, heißt es überall; ohne Kontakte geht nichts. Tatsächlich kann manchmal eine einzelne Veranstaltung das ganze Leben verändern – so ging es zumindest der Chemikerin Haneen Daoud.
Im Videospiel geplant, per Knopfdruck gebaut
Authors: Hartlieb Matthias , Gurke Johannes 
Published: March 2024

AbstractKinder konstruieren am Computer Skulpturen, schauen sich an, wie diese im Anschluss 3‐D‐gedruckt werden und nehmen ihre Trophäen schließlich mit nach Hause – das passierte am Potsdamer Tag der Wissenschaften 2023. Der Versuch weckte spielerisch das Interesse für Naturwissenschaften.
Obliteration of portal venules contributes to portal hypertension in biliary cirrhosis
Authors: Shan Shan , Zhao Xinyan , Wood‐Trageser Michelle A , Hu Doudou , Liu Liwei , Qi Beining , Jian Jianbo , Wang Ping , Lv Wenjuan , Hu Chunhong 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe effects of the obliteration of portal venules (OPV) in cirrhotic portal hypertension are poorly understood. To investigate its contribution to portal hypertension in biliary cirrhosis and its underlying mechanism, we evaluated OPV using two‐dimensional (2D) histopathology in liver explants from patients with biliary atresia (BA, n = 63), primary biliary cholangitis (PBC, n = 18), and hepatitis B‐related cirrhosis (Hep‐B‐cirrhosis, n = 35). Then, three‐dimensional (3D) OPV was measured by X‐ray phase‐contrast CT in two parallel models in rats following bile duct ligation (BDL) or carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) administration, representing biliary cirrhosis and post‐necrotic cirrhosis, respectively. The portal pressure was also measured in the two models. Finally, the effects of proliferative bile ducts on OPV were investigated. We found that OPV was significantly more frequent in patients with biliary cirrhosis, including BA (78.57 ± 16.45%) and PBC (60.00 ± 17.15%), than that in Hep‐B‐cirrhotic patients (29.43 ± 14.94%, p < 0.001). OPV occurred earlier, evidenced by the paired liver biopsy at a Kasai procedure (KP), and was irreversible even after a successful KP in the patients with BA. OPV was also significantly more frequent in the BDL models than in the CCl4 models, as shown by 2D and 3D quantitative analysis. Portal pressure was significantly higher in the BDL model than that in the CCl4 model. With the proliferation of bile ducts, portal venules were compressed and irreversibly occluded, contributing to the earlier and higher portal pressure in biliary cirrhosis. OPV, as a pre‐sinusoidal component, plays a key role in the pathogenesis of portal hypertension in biliary cirrhosis. The proliferated bile ducts and ductules gradually take up the ‘territory’ originally attributed to portal venules and compress the portal venules, which may lead to OPV in biliary cirrhosis. © 2024 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Management of undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma of the liver: A Pediatric Surgical Oncology Research Collaborative study
Authors: Kastenberg Zachary J. , Short Scott S. , Riehle Kimberly J. , Utria Alan , Lautz Timothy B. , Ott Katherine C. , Murphy Andrew J. , Mansfield Sara , Lal Dave R. , Hallis Brian , Murphy Joseph T. , Roach Jonathan P. , Polites Stephanie F. , Beckhorn Catherine , Tracy Elisabeth T. , Fialkowski Elizabeth A. , Seemann Natashia M. , Bütter Andreana M. , Rich Barrie S. , Glick Richard D. , Bondoc Alex J. , Ofori‐Atta Blessing S. , Presson Angela P. , Chen Stephanie Y. , Zamora Abigail K. , Kim Eugene S. , Vasudevan Sanjeev , Rinehardt Hannah N. , Malek Marcus M. , Lapidus‐Krol Eveline , Putra Juan , Superina Riccardo A. , Langham Max R. , Meyers Rebecka L. , Tiao Greg , Dasgupta Roshni , Baertschiger Reto 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundUndifferentiated embryonal sarcoma of the liver (UESL) is a rare tumor for which there are few evidence‐based guidelines. The aim of this study was to define current management strategies and outcomes for these patients using a multi‐institutional dataset curated by the Pediatric Surgical Oncology Research Collaborative.MethodsData were collected retrospectively for patients with UESL treated across 17 children's hospitals in North America from 1989 to 2019. Factors analyzed included patient and tumor characteristics, PRETEXT group, operative details, and neoadjuvant/adjuvant regimens. Event‐free and overall survival (EFS, OS) were the primary and secondary outcomes, respectively.ResultsSeventy‐eight patients were identified with a median age of 9.9 years [interquartile range [IQR): 7–12]. Twenty‐seven patients underwent resection at diagnosis, and 47 patients underwent delayed resection, including eight liver transplants. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy led to a median change in maximum tumor diameter of 1.6 cm [IQR: 0.0–4.4] and greater than 90% tumor necrosis in 79% of the patients undergoing delayed resection. R0 resections were accomplished in 63 patients (81%). Univariate analysis found that metastatic disease impacted OS, and completeness of resection impacted both EFS and OS, while multivariate analysis revealed that R0 resection was associated with decreased expected hazards of experiencing an event [hazard ratio (HR): 0.14, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.04–0.6]. At a median follow‐up of 4 years [IQR: 2–8], the EFS was 70.0% [95% CI: 60%–82%] and OS was 83% [95% CI: 75%–93%].ConclusionComplete resection is associated with improved survival for patients with UESL. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy causes minimal radiographic response, but significant tumor necrosis.
Preparation of poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV)/graphene oxide (GO) polymeric composites for the selective removal of lead ions (Pb(II)) in water
Authors: Mokoena Lesia Sydney , Mofokeng Julia Puseletso 
Published: April 2024

AbstractLead pollution in water has risen globally, due to industrialization and globalization. In this study, this problem was addressed by preparing poly (lactic acid) (PLA)/poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV)/graphene oxide (GO) composites and addressing their effectiveness in absorbing water, and adsorbing Pb(II) ions in water. In water absorption studies, increasing the GO content to above 1 wt.% (3 and 5 wt.%) resulted in the degradation of the composites. All blends, and composites with 1 wt.% GO loading showed good water intake properties, with the composites having the highest. Pb (II) ion intake analyses showed that all the materials adsorb Pb(II) ions significantly in 24 h contact time, but the composites with 1 wt.% GO loadings adsorbed the greatest (81.3%–86.5%). For the effect of pH on adsorption, the adsorption of Pb(II) ions increased with an increase in pH from acidic to basic. This was attributed to the abundance of hydroxyl ions in basic media, that will not compete with Pb(II) ions for adsorption sites. Conclusions were that the 49.5/49.5/1 w/w PLA/PHBV/GO composite was the most optimal adsorbent of Pb(II). This composite could be used in industrial water purification processes like membranes, to remove lead ions from water while conserving the environment.Highlights
Melt mixed PLA/PHBV/GO composites for removing lead ions from water.
1 wt.% GO contents in the composites sufficiently absorbed water.
3 and 5 wt.% GO contents resulted in the hydrolytic degradation of composites.
Contact time is directly proportional to the degree of lead ion adsorption.
Basic pH media resulted in the optimal adsorption of lead ions from water.
Recent advances in green cationic polymerization
Authors: Zhu Yan , Yu Zhaopeng , Liu Ruofan , Jin Yusun , Shi Qisong , Wu Yibo 
Published: March 2024

AbstractTraditional living/controlled cationic polymerization provides a simple synthetic route for the preparation of various polymers with set molecular weight, narrow molecular weight distribution, and clear structure. Nowadays, under the requirements of sustainable development, it is very important to explore the green chemical technology in depth. This review offers an overview of initiation systems, reaction media, polymerization techniques, and monomers, with the aim of summarizing environmentally friendly methods utilized in the field of cationic polymerization over the past 15 years. It covers a variety of directions from traditional initiation systems to green initiators, from corrosive solvents to environmentally friendly solvents, from drop initiation to external stimulation initiation, from petroleum fractionated monomers to bio‐based monomers. These methods and Techniques aim to develop advanced high‐quality polymer products using cationic polymerization, and achieving efficient energy savings and reducing emissions. The ongoing exploration of green‐controlled cationic polymerization holds promise for opening up new avenues and novel technology for high‐performance polyolefin materials.
Topographic Drivers of Permafrost Organic Carbon Accumulation on the Northern Qinghai–Tibet Plateau
Authors: Mu Mei , Mu Cuicui , Liu Hebin , Qiao Yuan , Zhu Yongji , Jia Yunjie , Fan Chengyan , Zhang Guofei , Peng Xiaoqing 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACTLarge amounts of soil organic carbon (SOC) have accumulated over thousands of years in the northern permafrost regions. However, the SOC accumulation rates and the effects of topography, vegetation, and soil properties on SOC storage remain poorly constrained, leading to large uncertainties in the estimation of SOC storage and its response to warming. Here, we examined SOC stocks, densities, and accumulation rates using field sampling and radiometric dating in areas with different topographic parameters on the northern Qinghai–Tibet Plateau. Results show that SOC density and stock increases with elevation on south‐facing slopes but decreases with elevation on north‐facing slopes. The carbon accumulation rates in the upper 6 m soil are highest (16.32 g C m−2 year−1) in the north‐facing alpine wet meadow and lowest (1.07 g C m−2 year−1) in the south‐facing alpine steppe. Elevation‐, slope‐, and slope aspect‐induced variations in soil properties and vegetation type are the main factors controlling the spatial SOC distribution. These results imply that the topography strongly affects the spatial heterogeneity of SOC in mountainous permafrost regions. Overall, our findings highlight that topographic factors should be further integrated into carbon models of carbon responses to climate change in permafrost‐affected soils.
Longitudinal tracking of intrabreath respiratory impedance in preschool children
Authors: Wong Matthew D. , Blake Tamara L. , Zahir Syeda F. , Suresh Sadasivam , Hantos Zoltán , Grimwood Keith , Lambert Stephen B. , Ware Robert S. , Sly Peter D. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundLongitudinal measurements of intrabreath respiratory impedance (Zrs) in preschool‐aged children may be able to distinguish abnormal lung function trajectories in children with a history of wheezing compared to healthy ones.MethodsChildren from a prospective, longitudinal community‐based cohort performed annual intrabreath oscillometry (IB‐OSC) measurements from age 3‐ to 7‐years. IB‐OSC was performed using a single 10 Hz sinusoid while clinically asymptomatic. Linear mixed‐effects models were developed to explore the effects of wheezing phenotypes, growth, and sex on seven IB‐OSC outcome variables over time: resistance at end‐expiration (ReE), resistance at end‐inspiration (ReI), the tidal change in resistance (∆R=ReE‐ReI), reactance at end‐expiration (XeE), reactance at end‐inspiration (XeI), the tidal change in reactance (∆X=XeE‐XeI), and ∆X normalized by tidal volume (∆X/VT).ResultsEighty‐five children produced 374 acceptable IB‐OSC measurements. Subjects were classified into one of three wheeze groups: never (n = 36), transient (n = 34), or persistent (n = 15). After adjusting for height, children with persistent wheezing, compared to those who never wheezed, had +0.814 hPa s L−1ReE (95% confidence interval [CI] +0.178 to +1.451,p = 0.015), −0.792 hPa s L−1XeE (95% CI −1.203 to −0.381,p = 0.003), −0.538 hPa s L−1∆X (95% CI −0.834 to −0.242,p = 0.007) and −1.672 hPa s L−2∆X/VT(95% CI −2.567 to −0.777,p < 0.001). Increasing height had a significant effect on all IB‐OSC resistance and reactance variables when adjusted for the effect of preschool wheezing.ConclusionsIB‐OSC is feasible for tracking lung function growth in preschool‐aged children and may allow abnormal lung function to be identified early in asymptomatic preschoolers with a history of persistent wheezing.
Fraxetin pretreatment alleviates cisplatin‐induced kidney injury by antagonizing autophagy and apoptosis via mTORC1 activation
Authors: Yuan Ziwei , Yang Xuejia , Hu Zujian , Gao Yuanyuan , Wang Mengsi , Xie Lili , Zhu Hengyue , Chen Chaosheng , Lu Hong , Bai Yongheng 
Published: April 2024

AbstractCisplatin‐induced kidney injury (CKI) is a common complication of chemotherapy. Fraxetin, derived from Fraxinus bungeana A. DC. bark, has antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, and anti‐fibrotic effects. This study aims to investigate fraxetin's effects on CKI and its underlying mechanism in vivo and in vitro. Tubular epithelial cells (TECs) and mice were exposed to cisplatin with and without fraxetin preconditioning assess fraxetin's role in CKI. TECs autophagy was observed using transmission electron microscopy. Apoptosis levels in animal tissues were measured using TUNEL staining. The protective mechanism of fraxetin was explored through pharmacological and genetic regulation of mTORC1. Molecular docking was used to identify potential binding sites between fraxetin and mTORC1. The results indicated that fraxetin pretreatment reduced cisplatin‐induced kidney injury in a time‐ and concentration‐dependent way. Fraxetin also decreased autophagy in TECs, as observed through electron microscopy. Tissue staining confirmed that fraxetin pretreatment significantly reduced cisplatin‐induced apoptosis. Inhibition of mTORC1 using rapamycin or siRNA reversed the protective effects of fraxetin on apoptosis and autophagy in cisplatin‐treated TECs, while activation of mTORC1 enhanced fraxetin's protective effect. Molecular docking analysis revealed that fraxetin can bind to HEAT‐repeats binding site on mTORC1 protein. In summary, fraxetin pretreatment alleviates CKI by antagonizing autophagy and apoptosis via mTORC1 activation. This provides evidence for the potential therapeutic application of fraxetin in CKI.
Multilevel Leapfrogging Initialization Strategy for Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Ni Xiao‐Hui , Cai Bin‐Bin , Liu Hai‐Ling , Qin Su‐Juan , Gao Fei , Wen Qiao‐Yan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractRecently, Zhou et al. have proposed an Interpolation‐based (INTERP) strategy to generate the initial parameters for Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA). INTERP guesses the initial parameters at level by applying interpolation to the optimized parameters at level , achieving better performance than random initialization (RI). Nevertheless, INTERP consumes extensive costs for deep QAOA because it necessitates optimization at each level depth. To address it, a Multilevel Leapfrogging Interpolation (MLI) strategy is proposed. MLI produces initial parameters from level to () at level , omitting the optimization rounds from level to . MLI executes optimization at few levels rather than each level, and this operation is called Multilevel Leapfrogging optimization (M‐Leap). The performance of MLI is investigated on the Maxcut problem. The simulation results demonstrate MLI achieves the same quasi‐optima as INTERP while consuming 1/2 of costs required by INTERP. Besides, for MLI, where there is no RI except for level 1, the greedy‐MLI strategy is presented. The simulation results suggest greedy‐MLI has better stability than INTERP and MLI beyond obtaining the quasi‐optima. According to the efficiency of finding the quasi‐optima, the idea of M‐Leap might be extended to other training tasks, especially those requiring numerous optimizations.