bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of pea lectin expressed transgenically in oilseed rape on pollen beetle life‐history parameters
Authors: Lehrman Anna , Åhman Inger , Ekbom Barbara 
Published: April 2008

AbstractWhen investigating resistance to herbivorous insects in transgenic plants, it is primarily the damaging stage of the insect that is targeted. In our study, we showed that small effects of the transgenic plant on the pest performance might lead to a clear effect on the pest population level. Pollen beetle, Meligethes aeneus (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae), larvae were reared on three transgenic lines of Brassica napus L. (Brassicaceae) expressing pea (Pisum sativum L.) lectin at 0.2, 0.6, and 0.7% of total soluble protein in anthers, and then monitored until the adult stage. Two lines without the gene construct and consequently containing no pea lectin were used as controls. The egg viability, larval weight, development time, and survival rate were recorded. In a separate experiment, the development time from egg to adult, adult weight, and winter survival of pollen beetles developed on intact plants were recorded. Survival of larvae to adult stage was significantly lower on the transgenic plant lines, independent of lectin level. Survival during hibernation was only 2.4% and was not affected by plant line. Combining previously published results from adult feeding and oviposition assays with the new data on larval development we summarize the effect of the transgenic oilseed rape on the pollen beetle, from oviposition in spring to overwintered adults of the new generation. Net reproductive rate was then shown to be reduced by half on the transgenic oilseed rape compared to the control plants.
Investigating dietary preferences in two competing dipterans, Coelopa frigida and Coelopa pilipes, using stable isotope ratios of carbon and nitrogen
Authors: Edward Dominic A. , Newton Jason , Gilburn André S. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractTwo species of seaweed fly, Coelopa frigida (Fabricius) and Coelopa pilipes (Halliday) (both Diptera: Coelopidae: Coelopini), compete for resources within deposits of marine algae washed ashore on British beaches. Previous studies report that adult flies exhibit algal‐specific behaviour that may influence interspecific interactions. It is predicted that coelopid larvae may also demonstrate algal‐specific dietary preferences. Larval dietary preferences are investigated by comparing the ratios of 13C/12C and 15N/14N in both wild flies and macroalgae to those of laboratory‐reared flies. Results showed only a small difference between the stable isotope ratios of the most abundant algae, Laminaria spp. (Laminariaceae) and Fucus spp. (Fucaceae), although there were significant differences between wild adult coelopids. This result illustrates different metabolic processes in two closely related species. The stable isotope ratios of wild‐caught coelopids were found to differ significantly from laboratory‐reared coelopids. This is either the result of red algae in the diet of natural populations or a difference in bacterial communities. We suggest that experiments with laboratory‐reared flies/specimens can greatly increase the utility of stable isotope analysis in the investigation of animal food webs, even where potential diets are isotopically similar. However, this approach is dependent on re‐creations that accurately mimic natural conditions.
The anti‐angiogenic 8‐epipuupehedione behaves as a potential anti‐leukaemic compound against HL‐60 cells
Authors: Martínez‐Poveda Beatriz , Quesada Ana R. , Medina Miguel Ángel 
Published: April 2008

AbstractWe have previously reported that 8‐epipuupehedione, a synthetic derivative of sesquiterpenes found in several kinds of sponges, is a potent inhibitor of angiogenesis. Here, we show that 8‐epipuupehedione is also a potent anti‐ leukaemic compound, targeting three hallmarks of malignancy: proliferation, survival and extra‐cellular matrix re‐modelling. To fulfil this goal, we use the HL‐60 promyeolocytic cells as our model system and the following experimental procedures: cell growth assay, Hoetsch staining, cell cycle analysis and DNA fragmentation, caspase 3 activity and zymographic assays. Our results show that this compound inhibits proliferation and has potent and specific pro‐apoptotic effects on HL‐60 promyelocytic cells, inducing their nuclei and DNA fragmentation, as well as caspase 3 activity activation. Furthermore, 8‐epipuupehedione strongly inhibits matrix metalloproteinase‐2 and urokinase production by HL‐60 cells. These results suggest that 8‐epipuupehedione could be an attractive drug for further evaluation in the treatment of leukemia.
Correlation between the expression of divalent metal transporter 1 and the content of hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1 in hypoxic HepG2 cells
Authors: Li Zhu , Lai Zhang , Ya Ke , Fang Du , Ho Yung Wing , Lei Yang , Ming Qian Zhong 
Published: April 2008

AbstractTransferrin and transferrin receptor are two key proteins of iron metabolism that have been identified to be hypoxia‐inducible genes. Divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1) is also a key transporter of iron under physiological conditions. In addition, in the 5′ regulatory region of human DMT1 (between −412 and −570), there are two motifs (CCAAAGTGCTGGG) that are similar to hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1 (HIF‐1) binding sites. It was therefore speculated that DMT1 might also be a hypoxia‐inducible gene. We investigated the effects of hypoxia and hypoxia/re‐oxygenation on the expression of DMT1 and the content of HIF‐1alpha in HepG2 cells. As we expected, a very similar tendency in the responses of the expression of HIF‐1α, DMT1+IRE (iron response element) and DMT1−IRE proteins to chemical (CoCl2) or physical hypoxia was observed. A highly significant correlation was found between the expression of DMT1 proteins and the contents of HIF‐1 in hypoxic cells. After the cells were exposed to hypoxia and subsequent normoxia, no HIF‐1α could be detected and a significant decrease in DMT1+IRE expression (P<0.05), but not in DMT1−IRE protein (versus the hypoxia group), was observed. The findings implied that the HIF‐1 pathway might have a role in the regulation of DMT1+IRE expression during hypoxia.
High‐resolution analysis of genetic stability of human adipose tissue stem cells cultured to senescence
Authors: Meza‐Zepeda Leonardo A. , Noer Agate , Dahl John Arne , Micci Francesca , Myklebost Ola , Collas Philippe 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe potential use of human mesenchymal stem cells for therapeutic applications implies large scale in vitro culture, increasing the probability of genetic instability and transformation. We examine here the incidence of unbalanced and balanced chromosome rearrangements in polyclonal and single cell‐derived cultures of human adipose stem cells to senescence. G‐banding karyotyping of the polyclonal cultures shows a normal karyotype. In addition, high‐resolution microarray‐based comparative genomic hybridization analyses relative to uncultured adipose stem cells from the same donors reveal overall genomic stability in long‐term (∼6 months) polyclonal and clonal culture. One adipose stem cell clone displayed minor deletions in gene‐rich telomeric and sub‐telomeric regions on three chromosomes in early passage. This however, was detected only in a sub‐population of cells that was subsequently spontaneously eliminated from the culture. Apparent pericentromeric instabilities are also occasionally detected in specific chromosomes. Our results indicate that clonal chromosomal aberrations may arise transiently in early passage adipose stem cells (ASC) cultures. Nonetheless, incidence of these aberrations seems to be negligible in the majority of long‐term ASC cultures, at least under the culture conditions used here.
Oval cell proliferation in p16INK4a expressing mouse liver is triggered by chronic growth stimuli
Authors: Ueberham Elke , Lindner Ricco , Kamprad Manja , Hiemann Rico , Hilger Nadja , Woithe Barbara , Mahn Doris , Cross Michael , Sack Ulrich , Gebhardt Rolf , Arendt Thomas , Ueberham Uwe 
Published: April 2008

AbstractTerminal differentiation requires molecules also involved in aging such as the cell cycle inhibitor p16INK4a.Like other organs, the adult liver represents a quiescent organ with terminal differentiated cells, hepatocytes and cholangiocytes. These cells retain the ability to proliferate in response to liver injury or reduction of liver mass. However, under conditions which prevent mitotic activation of hepatocytes, regeneration can occur instead from facultative hepatic stem cells.For therapeutic application a non‐toxic activation of this stem cell compartment is required. We have established transgenic mice with conditional overexpression of the cell cycle inhibitor p16INK4a in hepatocytes and have provoked and examined oval cell activation in adult liver in response to a range of proliferative stimuli.We could show that the liver specific expression of p16INK4a leads to a faster differentiation of hepatocytes and an activation of oval cells already in postnatal mice without negative consequences on liver function.
Cytokine‐induced β‐cell apoptosis is NO‐dependent, mitochondria‐mediated and inhibited by BCL‐XL
Authors: Holohan C. , Szegezdi E. , Ritter T. , O'Brien T. , Samali A. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractPro‐inflammatory cytokines are implicated as the main mediators of β‐cell death during type 1 diabetes but the exact mechanisms remain unknown. This study examined the effects of interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), interferon‐γ (IFNγ) and tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα) on a rat insulinoma cell line (RIN‐r) in order to identify the core mechanism of cytokine‐induced β‐cell death. Treatment of cells with a combination of IL‐1β and IFNγ (IL‐1β/IFNγ)induced apoptotic cell death. TNFα neither induced β‐cell death nor did it potentiate the effects of IL‐1β, IFNγ or IL‐1β/IFNγ . The cytotoxic effect of IL‐1β/IFNγ was associated with the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and production of nitric oxide. Adenoviral‐mediated expression of iNOS (AdiNOS) alone was sufficient to induce caspase activity and apoptosis. The broad range caspase inhibitor, Boc‐D‐fmk, blocked IL‐1β/IFNγ ‐induced caspase activity, but not nitric oxide production nor cell death. However, pre‐treatment with L‐NIO, a NOS inhibitor, prevented nitric oxide production, caspase activity and reduced apoptosis. IL‐1β/IFNγ ‐induced apoptosis was accompanied by loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, release of cytochrome c and cleavage of pro‐caspase‐9, ‐7 and ‐3. Transduction of cells with Ad‐Bcl‐XL blocked both iNOS and cytokine‐mediated mitochondrial changes and subsequent apoptosis, downstream of nitric oxide. We conclude that cytokine‐induced nitric oxide production is both essential and sufficient for caspase activation and β‐cell death, and have identified Bcl‐XL as a potential target to combatβ‐cell apoptosis.
The paradigm of postconditioning to protect the heart
Authors: Penna C. , Mancardi D. , Raimondo S. , Geuna S. , Pagliaro P. 
Published: April 2008

Introduction
Reperfusion injury
Definition of postconditioning
Protective effects of postconditioning
Potentiality of postconditioning
Mechanisms involved in postconditioning
Conclusions

AbstractIschaemic preconditioning limits the damage induced by subsequent ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R). However, preconditioning is of little practical use as the onset of an infarction is usually unpredictable. Recently, it has been shown that the heart can be protected against the extension of I/R injury if brief (10–30 sec.) coronary occlusions are performed just at the beginning of the reperfusion. This procedure has been called postconditioning (PostC). It can also be elicited at a distant organ, termed remote PostC, by intermittent pacing (dyssynchrony‐induced PostC) and by pharmacological interventions, that is pharmacological PostC. In particular, brief applications of intermittent bradykinin or diazoxide at the beginning of reperfusion reproduce PostC protection. PostC reduces the reperfusion‐induced injury, blunts oxidant‐mediated damages and attenuates the local inflammatory response to reperfusion. PostC induces a reduction of infarct size, apoptosis, endothelial dysfunction and activation, neutrophil adherence and arrhythmias. Whether it reduces stunning is not clear yet. Similar to preconditioning, PostC triggers signalling pathways and activates effectors implicated in other cardioprotective manoeuvres. Adenosine and bradykinin are involved in PostC triggering. PostC triggers survival kinases (RISK), including A t and extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK). Nitric oxide, via nitric oxide synthase and non‐enzymatic production, cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) and protein kinases G (PKG) participate in PostC. PostC‐induced protection also involves an early redox‐sensitive mechanism, and mitochondrial adenosine‐5′ ‐triphosphate (ATP)‐sensitive K+ and PKC activation. Protective pathways activated by PostC appear to converge on mitochondrial permeability transition pores, which are inhibited by acidosis and glycogen synthase kinase‐3β (GSK‐3β). In conclusion, the first minutes of reperfusion represent a window of opportunity for triggering the aforementioned mediators which will in concert lead to protection against reperfusion injury. Pharmacological PostC and possibly remote PostC may have a promising future in clinical scenario.
Short‐term changes in temporomandibular joint function in subjects with cleft lip and palate treated with maxillary distraction osteogenesis
Authors: Hashimoto K , Otsuka R , Minato A , Sato‐Wakabayashi M , Takada J , Inoue‐Arai MS , Miyamoto JJ , Ono T , Ohyama K , Moriyama K 
Published: April 2008

Structured AbstractAuthors –  Hashimoto K, Otsuka R, Minato A, Sato‐Wakabayashi M, Takada J, Inoue‐Arai MS, Miyamoto JJ, Ono T, Ohyama K, Moriyama KObjectives –  To investigate the short‐term effects of maxillary distraction osteogenesis (DO) on temporomandibular joint (TMJ) function in 21 subjects with cleft lip and palate (CLP).Design –  Morphological changes in the maxillofacial region were measured using lateral cephalometric radiographs taken immediately before (pre‐DO) and after DO (post‐DO) and 1 year after DO (1‐year follow‐up). A questionnaire was evaluated using a visual analog scale. A chi‐square test was used to compare the prevalence of TMJ symptoms between pre‐DO and 1‐year follow‐up. The Spearman correlation coefficient was used to determine the correlation between changes in cephalometric variables and TMJ symptoms in association with maxillary DO. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.Results –  The ANB (anteroposterior relationship of the maxilla with the mandible) angle and the mandibular plane angle at pre‐DO, post‐DO, and 1‐year follow‐up were −4.3°, +5.8°, +4.3° and 32.1°, 33.5°, 33.6°, respectively. The average amounts of anterior and downward movement of the maxilla at post‐DO and 1‐year follow‐up were 8.3, −1.3 and 0.9, 1.1 mm, respectively. The prevalence of TMJ symptoms showed no significant increase in association with maxillary DO. Moreover, there was no significant correlation between changes in cephalometric variables and TMJ symptoms.Conclusion –  These results suggest that there was no short‐term (i.e., up to 1 year after DO) effect of maxillary DO on TMJ function in subjects with CLP.
A new system for scanning, measuring and analyzing dental casts based on a 3D holographic sensor
Authors: Redlich M , Weinstock T , Abed Y , Schneor R , Holdstein Y , Fischer A 
Published: April 2008

Structured AbstractAuthors –  Redlich M, Weinstock T, Abed Y, Schneor R, Holdstein Y, Fischer AObjectives –  To evaluate the reliability of a new technique for measuring 3D‐scanned orthodontic cast models with cross‐section planes using teledent, a new software, developed at Technion – for the purpose of this research.Experimental Variable –  Thirty orthodontic plaster models were divided into three equal groups according to severity of teeth crowding. Measurements of mesio‐distal tooth width and the arch length were performed manually on the casts using a conventional caliper. Thereafter, the models were scanned and processed into the software using a 3‐D measuring scanner with a holographic sensor ‘ConoProbe’ (by Optimet©, Jerusalem, Israel). teledent used two types of digital measurements; linear and cross‐section planes to perform a space analysis on the scanned teeth. Significance was determined by the paired Wilcoxon rank sum test.Results –  Results show that 3D measurements of tooth width and arch length obtained by cross‐section planes were generally similar to manual caliper measurements, while linear measurements were statistically smaller. When comparing space analysis, both digital measurements were statistically smaller than the caliper (p < 0.05). The difference in space analysis between the caliper and the cross‐section plane measurements was very small (0.38–0.74 mm) and can be considered clinically acceptable. However, a difference of 1.19–3 mm between the linear measurements and the caliper might have clinical implications especially in severely crowded dentition.Conclusions –  This study suggests that measurements performed by cross‐section planes are as accurate as the manual caliper and can be employed clinically while the accuracy of linear measurements is sometimes questionable.
The neurocranial and craniofacial morphology in children with solitary median maxillary central incisor (SMMCI)
Authors: Tabatabaie F , Sonnesen L , Kjær I 
Published: April 2008

Structed AbstractAuthors –  Tabatabaie F, Sonnesen L, Kjær IObjectives –  The purpose of this study was to describe the neurocranial and craniofacial morphology on profile radiographs of children with single median maxillary central incisor (SMMCI).Design –  Cephalometric analyses of neurocranium and craniofacial morphology on profile radiographs.Setting and Sample Population –  Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Copenhagen. Thirteen children with SMMCI, 12 girls and one boy (7–17 years of age).Outcome Measure –  Cephalometric measurement were compared with normal standards using a paired t‐test and Wilcoxon signed rank test.Results –  The size of the neurocranium (especially the length of the anterior cranial base), the maxillary prognathia, the maxillary inclination, the mandibular prognathia and the inclination of the mandibular incisors are significantly reduced in SMMCI. The mandibular inclination, the vertical jaw relationship, the alveolar bone prognathia in the upper jaw and the mandibular angle are significantly enlarged in SMMCI.Conclusion –  The present study showed that occurrence of SMMCI is a sign of a developmental anomaly associated with deviations in neurocranial size and shape and in craniofacial morphology.
Factors influencing efficiency of sliding mechanics to close extraction space: a systematic review
Authors: Barlow M , Kula K 
Published: April 2008

Structured AbstractAuthors – Barlow M, Kula KObjectives – To review recent literature to determine strength of clinical evidence concerning the influence of various factors on the efficiency (rate of tooth movement) of closing extraction spaces using sliding mechanics.Design – A comprehensive systematic review on prospective clinical trials. An electronic search (1966–2006) of several databases limiting the searches to English and using several keywords was performed. Also a hand search of five key journals specifically searching for prospective clinical trials relevant to orthodontic space closure using sliding mechanics was completed.Outcome Measure – Rate of tooth movement.Results – Ten prospective clinical trials comparing rates of closure under different variables and focusing only on sliding mechanics were selected for review. Of these ten trials on rate of closure, two compared arch wire variables, seven compared material variables used to apply force, and one examined bracket variables. Other articles which were not prospective clinical trials on sliding mechanics, but containing relevant information were examined and included as background information.Conclusion – The results of clinical research support laboratory results that nickel‐titanium coil springs produce a more consistent force and a faster rate of closure when compared with active ligatures as a method of force delivery to close extraction space along a continuous arch wire; however, elastomeric chain produces similar rates of closure when compared with nickel‐titanium springs. Clinical and laboratory research suggest little advantage of 200 g nickel‐titanium springs over 150 g springs. More clinical research is needed in this area.
Skull thickness in patients with skeletal deep bite
Authors: Jacobsen PE , Kjær I , Sonnesen L 
Published: April 2008

Structured AbstractAuthors –  Jacobsen PE, Kjær I, Sonnesen LObjectives –  Skull thickness in relation to patients with skeletal deep bite has not been reported previously. The present study examines the skull thickness in patients with skeletal deep bite and compares it with the skull thickness in subjects with neutral occlusion and normal craniofacial morphology.Design –  A retrospective case–control study.Setting and Sample Population –  The material comprised 36 patients divided into two groups, a group of 18 patients with skeletal deep bite (eight females, 10 males) and a control group of 18 subjects (eight females, 10 males) with neutral occlusion and normal craniofacial morphology.Outcome –  Skull thickness measurements.Results –  No significant gender differences were found regarding skull thickness. The skull was thicker in the deep bite group compared with the group with neutral occlusion and normal craniofacial morphology (p < 0.05).Conclusion –  The present study demonstrates that patients with skeletal deep bite have a significantly thicker skull than subjects with neutral occlusion and normal vertical craniofacial morphology. This is considered important for the treatment planning for orthodontic and orthognathic patients.
Comparison of 2‐h versus 3‐h enteral feeding in extremely low birth weight infants, commencing after birth
Authors: Rüdiger Mario , Herrmann Sandra , Schmalisch Gerd , Wauer Roland R , Hammer Hannes , Tschirch Edda 
Published: April 2008

AbstractAim: Immaturity is associated with problems in enteral nutrition of extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants. Different time intervals between single feedings are used; however, no data are available to show a benefit of either regime.Methods: In January 2001 enteral feeding regime was changed from 2‐h to 3‐h intervals. In a retrospective study charts were analysed for all ELBW infants during a period of 2 years prior (01/99–12/00) and after (08/01–07/03) changing the feeding regime.Results: Forty‐two in the 2‐h group (gestational age 27 ± 2.1, birth weight 797 ±150) and 32 infants in 3‐h (GA 26.9 ± 1.8 weeks, BW 809 ± 148 g) were included. Median (range) time until complete enteral feeding (26 (7 to 69) vs. 20 (12 to 58) days) was not statistical different. There were no differences with respect to enteral morbidity (NEC, abdominal surgery, feeding intolerance), length of stay (84 ± 23 vs. 86 ± 26 days), growth parameters or weight at discharge. Total duration of phototherapy and average length of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) support were significantly (p < 0.01) longer in the 3‐h feeding group.Conclusion: Weight gain and time until complete enteral nutrition are similar in 2‐h and 3‐h feeding regimes. Data suggest an advantage of 2‐h feedings concerning the length of CPAP and phototherapy.