bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrastructural and immunocharacterization of undifferentiated myocardial cells in the developing mouse heart
Authors: Zhang Feixiong , Pasumarthi Kishore B.S. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe recent discovery of several myogenic cardiac progenitor cells in the post‐natal heart suggests that some myocardial cells may remain undifferentiated during embryonic development. In this study, we examined the subcellular characteristics of the embryonic (E) mouse ventricular myocardial cells using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). At the ultrastructural level, we identified three different cell populations within the myocardial layer of the E11.5 heart. These cells were designated as undifferentiated cells (43 ± 6%), moderately differentiated cells (43 ± 2%) and mature cardiomyocytes (14 ± 4%). Undifferentiated cells contained a large nucleus and sparse cytoplasm with no myofibrillar bundles. Moderately differentiated cells contained randomly arranged myofilaments in the cytoplasm. In contrast, mature cardiomyocytes contained well‐developed sarcomere structures. We also confirmed the presence of similar undifferentiated cells albeit at low levels in the E16.5 (∼20%) and E18.5 (∼7%) myocardium. Further we used immunogold labeling technique to test whether these distinct cell populations were also positive for markers such as Nkx2.5, ISL1 and ANF. A preponderance of anti‐Nkx2.5 label was found in the undifferentiated and moderately differentiated cell types. Anti‐ANF label was found only in the cytoplasmic compartment of moderately differentiated and mature myocardial cells. All of the undifferentiated cells were negative for anti‐ANF labeling. We did not find immuno‐gold labeling with ISL1 in any of the three myocardial cell types. Based on these results, we suggest that embryonic myocardial cell differentiation is a gradual process and undifferentiated cells expressing Nkx2.5 in post‐chamber myocardium may represent a progenitor cell population while cells expressing Nkx2.5 and ANF represent differentiating myocytes.
Formation of different abzymes in autoimmune‐prone MRL‐lpr/lpr mice is associated with changes in colony formation of haematopoietic progenitors
Authors: Andryushkova Alexandra A. , Kuznetsova Irina A. , Bineva Valentina N. , Toporkova Ludmila B. , Sakhno Ludmila V. , Tikhonova Marina A. , Chernykh Elena R. , Orlovskaya Irina A. , Nevinsky Georgy A. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractIt was shown that IgGs from the sera of 2–7‐month‐old control non‐autoimmune (CBA x C57BL)F1 and BALB/c mice and 2–3‐month‐old autoimmune prone MRL‐lpr/lpr mice (conditionally healthy mice) are catalytically inactive. During spontaneous development of deep systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)‐like pathology a specific reorganization of immune system of these mice leads to conditions associated with a production of IgGs hydrolyzing DNA, ATP and polysaccharides with low catalytic activities (conditionally pre‐diseased mice).A significant increase in DNase, ATPase and amylase IgG relative activities associated with a transition from pre‐diseased to deep diseased mice is correlated with additional changes in differentiation and proliferation of mice bone marrow haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and lymphocyte proliferation in different organs.The highest increase in all abzyme activities was found in mice immunized with DNA, which in comparison with pre‐diseased and diseased mice are characterized by a different profile of HSC differentiation and by a suppression of cell apoptosis. Abzyme activities in the serum of pregnant females were comparable with those for pre‐diseased mice, but the profile of HSC differentiation and cell apoptosis levels in pregnant and pre‐diseased mice were quite different. Right after the beginning of lactation (4 days after delivery) and in a late time of lactation (14 days after delivery) there was an observed increase in cell apoptosis and two different stages of significant change in the HSC differentiation profiles; the first stage was accompanied with a significant increase and the second with a remarkable decrease in abzyme activities. Overall, all mouse groups investigated are characterized by a specific relationship between abzyme activities, HSC differentiation profiles, levels of lymphocyte proliferation, and cell apoptosis in different organs. From our point of view, the appearance of ATPase, DNase activities may be considered the earliest statistically significant marker of mouse spontaneous SLE and a further significant increase in their activities correlates with the appearance of SLE visible markers and with an increase in concentrations of anti‐DNA Abs and urine protein. However, development of autoimmune (AI)‐reactions and the increase in the sera anti‐DNA antibodies (Abs) and in the abzyme activities in pregnant and lactating mice do not associate with SLE visible markers and proteinuria. The possible differences in immune system reorganizations during pre‐disease, disease, pregnancy and lactation leading to production of different auto‐antibodies and abzymes are discussed.
Neovascularization and mast cells with tryptase activity increase simultaneously in human pterygium
Authors: Ribatti Domenico , Nico Beatrice , Maxia Cristina , Longo Vito , Murtas Daniela , Mangieri Domenica , Perra M. Teresa , De Giorgis Michela , Piras Franca , Crivellato Enrico , Sirigu Paola 
Published: July 2007

AbstractMast cells (MC) have been implicated in both normal and pathological angiogenesis, such as that in chronic inflammatory diseases and tumors. This assumption is partially supported by the close structural association between MC and blood vessels and the recruitment of these cells during tumor growth. MC release a number of angiogenic factors among which tryptase, a serine protease stored in MC granules, is one of the most active. In this study, we correlate the extent of angiogenesis with the number of tryptase‐reactive MC in tissue fragments from pterygium and normal bulbar conjunctiva investigated by immunohistochemistry, using two murine monoclonal antibodies against the endothelial cell marker CD31 and the MC marker tryptase. Angiogenesis, measured as microvessel density, was highly correlated with MC tryptase‐positive cell count in pterygium tissues. These results suggest that the characteristic neovascularization observed in pterygium may be sustained, at least in part, by MC angiogenic mediators, in particular tryptase.
The Evolution of Research Ethics: The Current International Configuration
Authors: Fluss Sev S. 
Published: July 2007

I propose in this essay to briefly describe some of the main current stakeholders who issue guidance on the ethics of human subjects research. This will be preceded by a very brief historical introduction.Prior to World War II, as far as I have been able to ascertain, there were no international efforts to regulate human experimentation. National activities were few and far between. One exception was a Directive on Human Experimentation issued in December 1900 by the then Prussian Minister of Religious, Educational and Medical Mairs. This was followed by a Circular on innovative therapy and scientific experimentation promulgated by the then Reich Minister of the Interior in February 1931. Just over five years later, in April 1936, the Bureau of the Medico-Scientific Council of the People’s Commissariat for Health of the Russian Socialist Federated Soviet Republic (RSFSR), the main constituent Republic of the then Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, issued an Advisory Resolution on the procedures for testing new medicinal substances and methods which may present a hazard for the health and life of patients.
American Bioethics and Human Rights: The End of All Our Exploring
Authors: Annas George J. 
Published: July 2007

In his compelling novelBlindness, José Saramago tells us about victims stricken by a contagious form of blindness who were quarantined and came to see themselves as pigs, dogs, and “lame crabs.” Of course, they were all human beings - although unable to perceive themselves, or others, as members of the human community. The disciplines of bioethics, health law, and human rights are likewise all members of the broad human rights community, although at times none of them may be able to see the homologies, even when responding to a specific health challenge.The boundaries between bioethics, health law, and human rights are permeable, and border crossings, including crossings by blind practitioners, are common. Two working hypotheses form the intellectual framework of this article: we can more effectively address the major health issues of our day if we harmonize all three disciplines; and American bioethics can be reborn as a global force by accepting its Nuremberg roots and actively engaging in a health and human rights agenda.
1984 Compilation of Working Values and Sample Description for 170 International Reference Samples Of Mainly Silicate Rocks and Minerals
Authors: Govindaraju K. 
Published: July 2007

ABSTRACT1984 compilation of working values and sample description for 170 international reference samples of mainly silicate rocks end minerals.Working values and sample description for 170 international rock and mineral reference samples are presented in B7 pages, with 14 pages for the main text and 73 pages for the four appendices. Appendix I presents working values for 170 reference samples in 19 pages, each page containing data on 10 samples, in general. Data on each sample are given in five colored blocks, the first block for 15 major and minor elements and the other four for 66 trace elements, whenever such data were available. Working values for each element are arranged, in ascending order, in Appendix II (39 pages). Brief sample description of each sample (numbered 001 to 170) and References form respectively Appendix III and IV. This compilation is published as a special issue of Geostandards Newsletter (July 19841, with the financial support of UNESCO and the International Association of Geochemistry and Cosmochemistry.RESUMECompilation (1984) des valeurs de travail et la description dea échantillms pour 170 échantillms internationaux de référence principalement des roches silicatées et des minéraux.Des valeurs de travail (“working values”) et la description des échantillons pour 170 échantillons internationaux de roches et minéraux sont présentés dens 87 pages avec 14 pages pour le texte principal et 73 pages pour les quatre annexes. L'Annexe I contient des valeurs de travail pour 170 échantillons de référence réparties sup 19 pages, avec cheque page en générale, contenent des données sup dix échantillons. Les données sur cheque échantillon sont consignées dens cinq blocs coloriés, le premier bloc pour 15 éléments majeurs et mineurs et les quatre autres pour 66 éléments en traces. Lea valeurs de travail pour cheque élément sont présentées, dens l'ordre ascendant, dens 1'Annexe II (39 pages). Une description brève dc cheque échantillon, numéroté de 001 à 170, et les Références forment respectivement 1'Annexe III et IV. Cette compilation est publiée comme un numéro special du Geostandards Newsletter (Juillet 1984), avec le concours financier de l'UNESCO et l'Association Internationale de la Géochimie et Cosmochimie.
Laboratory Diagnostic Techniques for
Entamoeba
Species
Authors: Fotedar R. , Stark D. , Beebe N. , Marriott D. , Ellis J. , Harkness J. 
Published: July 2007

SUMMARY

The genus
Entamoeba
contains many species, six of which (
Entamoeba histolytica, Entamoeba dispar, Entamoeba moshkovskii, Entamoeba polecki, Entamoeba coli
, and
Entamoeba hartmanni
) reside in the human intestinal lumen.
Entamoeba histolytica
is the causative agent of amebiasis and is considered a leading parasitic cause of death worldwide in humans. Although recent studies highlight the recovery of
E. dispar
and
E. moshkovskii
from patients with gastrointestinal symptoms, there is still no convincing evidence of a causal link between the presence of these two species and the symptoms of the host. New approaches to the identification of
E. histolytica
are based on detection of
E. histolytica
-specific antigen and DNA in stool and other clinical samples. Several molecular diagnostic tests, including conventional and real-time PCR, have been developed for the detection and differentiation of
E. histolytica
,
E. dispar
, and
E. moshkovskii
in clinical samples. The purpose of this review is to discuss different methods that exist for the identification of
E. histolytica
,
E. dispar
, and
E. moshkovskii
which are available to the clinical diagnostic laboratory. To address the need for a specific diagnostic test for amebiasis, a substantial amount of work has been carried out over the last decade in different parts of the world. The molecular diagnostic tests are increasingly being used for both clinical and research purposes. In order to minimize undue treatment of individuals infected with other species of
Entamoeba
such as
E. dispar
and
E. moshkovskii
, efforts have been made for specific diagnosis of
E. histolytica infection
and not to treat based simply on the microscopic examination of
Entamoeba
species in the stool. The incorporation of many new technologies into the diagnostic laboratory will lead to a better understanding of the public health problem and measures to control the disease.
Genome-wide linkage disequilibrium analysis in bread wheat and durum wheat
Authors: Somers Daryl J. , Banks Travis , DePauw Ron , Fox Stephen , Clarke John , Pozniak Curtis , McCartney Curt 
Published: July 2007

Bread wheat and durum wheat were examined for linkage disequilibrium (LD) using microsatellite markers distributed across the genome. The allele database consisted of 189 bread wheat accessions genotyped at 370 loci and 93 durum wheat accessions genotyped at 245 loci. A significance level of p < 0.001 was set for all comparisons. The bread and durum wheat collections showed that 47.9% and 14.0% of all locus pairs were in LD, respectively. LD was more prevalent between loci on the same chromosome compared with loci on independent chromosomes and was highest between adjacent loci. Only a small fraction (bread wheat, 0.9%; durum wheat, 3.2%) of the locus pairs in LD showed R2values > 0.2. The LD between adjacent locus pairs extended (R2 > 0.2) approximately 2–3 cM, on average, but some regions of the bread and durum wheat genomes showed high levels of LD (R2= 0.7 and 1.0, respectively) extending 41.2 and 25.5 cM, respectively. The wheat collections were clustered by similarity into subpopulations using unlinked microsatellite data and the software Structure. Analysis within subpopulations showed 14- to 16-fold fewer locus pairs in LD, higher R2values for those pairs in LD, and LD extending further along the chromosome. The data suggest that LD mapping of wheat can be performed with simple sequence repeats to a resolution of <5 cM.
Associations of Antioxidant Nutrients and Oxidative DNA Damage in Healthy African-American and White Adults
Authors: Watters Joanne L. , Satia Jessie A. , Kupper Larry L. , Swenberg James A. , Schroeder Jane C. , Switzer Boyd R. 
Published: July 2007

Abstract
High antioxidant intake has been shown to reduce cancer risk and may also mitigate the effects of oxidative DNA damage, which is hypothesized to be causally linked to carcinogenesis. This study examined potential racial differences in (a) dietary intakes and plasma concentrations of vitamin C, vitamin E, and carotenoids and oxidative DNA damage and (b) associations between plasma antioxidants and oxidative DNA damage. Data were from a cross-sectional study of 164 generally healthy nonsmoking African-Americans and Whites in North Carolina, ages 20 to 45 years, equally distributed by race and sex. Participants completed a demographic and health questionnaire, four 24-h dietary recalls, and a dietary supplement inventory; had height and weight measured; and provided a semifasting blood sample. African-Americans had statistically significantly lower plasma concentrations of vitamin E, α-carotene, β-carotene, and lutein + zeaxanthin than Whites, as well as lower self-reported intake of most antioxidants. Levels of oxidative DNA damage, measured using the alkaline comet assay, were lower in African-Americans than Whites. An inverse association between lycopene and oxidative DNA damage (r = −0.20; P = 0.03) was found in the combined study population after adjusting for sex, age, body mass index, passive smoke exposure, physical activity, education, income, and alcohol intake. There was also a positive association of vitamin E with oxidative DNA damage in the total population (r = 0.21; P = 0.02) and in African-American men (r = 0.63; P = 0.01) after adjusting for covariates. This study is among the first to examine these associations in a sample of healthy adults with an adequate representation of African-Americans. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007;16(7):1428–36)
Deficient G2-M and S Checkpoints are Associated with Increased Lung Cancer Risk: A Case-Control Analysis
Authors: Xing Jinliang , Spitz Margaret R. , Lu Charles , Zhao Hua , Yang Hushan , Wang Wei , Stewart David J. , Wu Xifeng 
Published: July 2007

AbstractLoss or attenuation of cell cycle checkpoint function can compromise the fidelity of DNA due to insufficient time to repair DNA damage. We evaluated cell cycle checkpoints in 747 patients with lung cancer and 745 controls by measuring the proportions of cultured peripheral blood lymphocytes in G2-M and S phases. As an indicator of G2-M phase or S phase cell cycle checkpoint function, the γ-radiation–induced cell accumulation index at G2-M or S phase was defined as (percentage of cells in G2-M or S with ionizing radiation exposure − percentage of cells in G2-M or S without ionizing radiation exposure) / (percentage of cells in G2-M or S without ionizing radiation exposure). We found that the median cell accumulation index was significantly lower in patients than that in controls at both the G2-M phase (0.774 versus 0.882, P = 0.002) and the S phase (0.226 versus 0.243, P = 0.001). When the median value for the cell accumulation index at the G2-M or S phase in the controls was used as the cutoff point, the reduced indices at G2-M and S phases were associated with 1.28-fold (95% confidence interval, 1.04-1.58) and 1.30-fold (95% confidence interval, 1.06-1.61) increased lung cancer risks, respectively. Analyses stratified by histology showed some heterogeneity. Additionally, cell accumulation indices at both G2-M and S phases were not associated with clinical stages. We conclude that attenuated functions of G2-M and S cell cycle checkpoints might be susceptibility markers for lung cancer. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007;6(7):1517–22)
Nevus Size and Number Are Associated with Telomere Length and Represent Potential Markers of a Decreased Senescence In vivo
Authors: Bataille Veronique , Kato Bernet S. , Falchi Mario , Gardner Jeffrey , Kimura Masayuki , Lens Marko , Perks Ursula , Valdes Ana M. , Bennett Dot C. , Aviv Abraham , Spector Tim D. 
Published: July 2007

Abstract
Nevus counts represent one of the strongest risk factors for melanoma. They appear in childhood and adolescence and involute from middle age onwards. Recent evidence has shown that nevus cells undergo oncogene-induced senescence involving the p16/retinoblastoma pathway. However, telomere length also influences senescence in proliferative somatic cells and varies between individuals. This study explores whether telomere length measured in white cells is associated with nevus count and size in 1,897 Caucasian women ages 18 to 79 years. Total body nevus counts were positively correlated with white cell telomere length (mean, 7.09 kbp; range, 5.09-9.37) after adjustment for age (P = 0.0001). Age-adjusted telomere length was also associated with nevus count for nevi above 5 mm in diameter (P = 0.04). Subjects in the top category for nevus count had an average age-adjusted telomere length 150 bp longer than those in the lowest category. The positive correlation between white cell telomere length and nevi number and size may reflect an increased replicative potential (reduced senescence) in individuals with longer telomeres, which may not be melanocyte specific. Understanding mechanisms influencing the induction and involution of nevi will not only help in understanding the pathophysiology of melanoma but should also shed light on the complex relationship between aging and cancer. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007;16(7):1499–502)
Tinnitus: A New Management
Authors: Vernon Jack , Schleuning Alexander 
Published: July 2007

AbstractTinnitus Clinic was established at the University of Oregon Medical School and the result of treatment for 158 patients is discussed. Patients received three forms of masking as treatment: masking from hearing aids, masking from the Tinnitus Masker, and FM‐Masking. Conditions leading to each kind of recommendation are discussed. The examination procedures used in the Tinnitus Clinic are presented. The phenomenon of residual inhibition is explained and discussed in relation to possible long‐term or permanent relief of tinnitus.Future plans for the clinic and needs of tinnitus patients are presented.
Hemangiopericytoma‐like tumors of the nasal cavity: A Comparison With Hemangiopericytoma Of Soft Tissues
Authors: Compagno John 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis study compares the published clinical and pathological features of hemangiopericytoma‐like intranasal tumors with those of the hemangiopericytomas of other sites.Hemangiopericytoma‐like intranasal tumors often originate in a paranasal sinus and extend into the nasal cavity secondarily. They occur most commonly in adults in the sixth and seventh decades of life and clinically mimic allergic polyps. These patients most commonly present with symptoms of nasal obstruction and epistaxis. Microscopically, these tumors demonstrate a vascular architecture, are composed predominantly of spindle cells, and lack nuclear or cytoplasmic pleomorphism, mitotic activity, hemorrhage, or necrosis. Follow‐up data suggest that these tumors are unaggressive and are of local consequence only.Hemangiopericytomas of soft tissues usually occur in the retroperitoneum or the thigh and are uncommon in the nasal and paranasal sinuses. They usually present as painless masses. Attention to certain microscopic features of these tumors has led to reasonably good predictions of their behavior based on strict adherence to microscopic criteria. These criteria include the presence or absence of mitotic figures, necrosis, anaplasia, and hemorrhage.
Tympanoplasty: Cartilage prostheses ‐ A report of 564 cases.
Authors: Altenau Mark M. , Sheehy James L. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractWe reviewed 564 tympanoplasties operated upon over an eight year period at the Otologic Medical Group in which tragal cartilage was used to re‐establish the sound pressure transfer mechanism. Eighty‐six percent of the cases were revisions, and half of these were planned second stage procedures.In the majority of cases the stapes crural arch was missing. The conductive deficit in these cases was reduced to 20 db or less in 67% and 10 db or less in 40%. The commonest single cause of failure was a short prosthesis.There were no instances of cartilage resorption. Extrusion occurred in one case.Tragal cartilage has been more satisfactory than ossicular tissue in many situations. Recently we have been using plastic prostheses (TORP and PORP) in combination with tragal cartilage and believe that the results will be even better.