bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of attentional resources on gait performance in Huntington's disease
Authors: Delval Arnaud , Krystkowiak Pierre , Delliaux Marie , Dujardin Kathy , Blatt Jean‐Louis , Destée Alain , Derambure Philippe , Defebvre Luc 
Published: January 2008

AbstractPatients with Huntington's disease (HD) suffer from cognitive deficits with impaired executive functions, including limited attentional resources. We sought to use a dual‐task paradigm to evaluate attentional demands and the ability of patients with HD to concentrate on two tasks simultaneously. We analyzed the interference effects of cognitive and motor tasks on walking in HD and the contribution of clinical symptoms to gait disturbances. Patients and controls were asked to perform either a motor task (carrying a tray with four glasses), a cognitive task (counting backwards), or no task at all while walking at their preferred speed. Kinematic spatial parameters, temporal parameters, and angular parameters related to gait were recorded in 15 patients and 15 controls by means of a videomotion analysis system. Gait instability was assessed using the stride‐to‐stride variability of the various gait parameters. For patients with HD, performing a concurrent cognitive task resulted in a lower gait speed (compared with free walking), with decreased cadence and stride length. However, this effect was not observed in controls. Performing a motor task did not change any kinematic gait parameters in either HD or control subjects. We found correlations between gait speed in the dual cognitive/walking task on one hand and the motor UHDRS score, cognitive status and executive function on the other. Patients with HD had greater difficulty walking while performing a concurrent cognitive task; the drain on attentional resources deteriorated walking performance. © 2007 Movement Disorder Society
Genome-wide scanning versus candidate gene approach in the genetic architecture of common diseases.
Authors: Pirola Carlos , Sookoian Silvia 
Published: January 2008

AbstractIn the Nature 7 June issue, researchers from the Welcome Trust Case Control Consortium (WTCCC) reported the findings of a large genome-wide association (GWA) study of 14,000 cases of common diseases and 3000 controls studies revealing the role of several loci in the genetic risk of common diseases. We wish to emphasize that by making public the access to databases, consortia allow other investigators to search for association between candidate genes and T2D-related phenotypes. As an example we found, in a pilot study enrolling 1100 individuals that SNPs in the CLOCK (i.e. rs1554483 and rs6843722) were associated with hypertension (p value < 0.01, and 0.01, respectively). Interestingly, the same association was found by the WTCCC study (rs1554483, rs4580704, rs6843722 and rs4864548 with p<0.039, 0.014, 0.049 and 0.019). However, these findings were not mentioned by the authors because of the stringent p value criteria logically used by them in the face of a WGA.
How Large a Training Set is Needed to Develop a Classifier for Microarray Data?
Authors: Dobbin Kevin K. , Zhao Yingdong , Simon Richard M. 
Published: January 2008

Abstract
Purpose: A common goal of gene expression microarray studies is the development of a classifier that can be used to divide patients into groups with different prognoses, or with different expected responses to a therapy. These types of classifiers are developed on a training set, which is the set of samples used to train a classifier. The question of how many samples are needed in the training set to produce a good classifier from high-dimensional microarray data is challenging.
Experimental Design: We present a model-based approach to determining the sample size required to adequately train a classifier.
Results: It is shown that sample size can be determined from three quantities: standardized fold change, class prevalence, and number of genes or features on the arrays. Numerous examples and important experimental design issues are discussed. The method is adapted to address ex post facto determination of whether the size of a training set used to develop a classifier was adequate. An interactive web site for performing the sample size calculations is provided.
Conclusion: We showed that sample size calculations for classifier development from high-dimensional microarray data are feasible, discussed numerous important considerations, and presented examples.
SNX2112, a Synthetic Heat Shock Protein 90 Inhibitor, Has Potent Antitumor Activity against HER Kinase–Dependent Cancers
Authors: Chandarlapaty Sarat , Sawai Ayana , Ye Qing , Scott Anisa , Silinski Melanie , Huang Ken , Fadden Pat , Partdrige Jeff , Hall Steven , Steed Paul , Norton Larry , Rosen Neal , Solit David B. 
Published: January 2008

Abstract
Purpose: The heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) chaperone plays an important role in transformation by regulating the conformational maturation and stability of oncogenic kinases and transcription factors. Ansamycins, such as 17-(allylamino)-17-demethoxygeldanmycin (17-AAG), inhibit Hsp90 function; induce the degradation of Hsp90 client proteins such as HER2, and have shown activity in early clinical trials. However, the utility of these drugs has been limited by their hepatotoxicity, poor solubility, and poorly tolerated formulations.
Experimental Design: We determined the pharmacodynamic and antitumor properties of a novel, synthetic Hsp90 inhibitor, SNX-2112, in cell culture and xenograft models of HER kinase–dependent cancers.
Results: We show in a panel of tumor cell lines that SNX-2112 and its prodrug SNX-5542 are Hsp90 inhibitors with properties and potency similar to that of 17-AAG, including: degradation of HER2, mutant epidermal growth factor receptor, and other client proteins, inhibition of extracellular signal-regulated kinase and Akt activation, and induction of a Rb-dependent G1 arrest with subsequent apoptosis. SNX-5542 can be administered to mice orally on a daily schedule. Following oral administration, SNX-5542 is rapidly converted to SNX-2112, which accumulates in tumors relative to normal tissues. A single dose of SNX-5542 causes HER2 degradation and inhibits its downstream signaling for up to 24 h, and daily dosing results in regression of HER2-dependent xenografts. SNX-5542 also shows greater activity than 17-AAG in a non–small cell lung cancer xenograft model expressing mutant EGFR.
Conclusions: These results suggest that Hsp90 inhibition with SNX-2112 (delivered as a prodrug) may represent a promising therapeutic strategy for tumors whose growth and survival is dependent on Hsp90 clients.
Integrative Genomic Analysis of Aneuploidy in Uveal Melanoma
Authors: Ehlers Justis P. , Worley Lori , Onken Michael D. , Harbour J. William 
Published: January 2008

Abstract
Purpose: Aneuploidy is a hallmark of cancer and is closely linked to metastasis and poor clinical outcome. Yet, the mechanisms leading to aneuploidy and its role in tumor progression remain poorly understood. The extensive and complex karyotypic abnormalities seen in many solid tumors could hinder the identification of pathogenetically relevant chromosomal alterations. Uveal melanoma is an attractive solid tumor for studying aneuploidy because it is a relatively homogeneous cancer that is highly metastatic and has low nonspecific chromosomal instability.
Experimental Design: Comparative genomic hybridization and gene expression profiling were used to analyze patterns of aneuploidy in 49 primary uveal melanomas. This analysis was supplemented by a review of cytogenetic findings in 336 published cases.
Results: Three prognostically significant tumor subgroups were identified based on the status of chromosomes 3 and 6p. Discrete patterns of chromosomal alterations accumulated in these three subgroups in a nonrandom temporal sequence. Poor clinical outcome was associated with early chromosomal alterations rather than overall aneuploidy. A gene expression signature associated with aneuploidy was enriched for genes involved in cell cycle regulation, centrosome function, and DNA damage repair. One of these genes was PTEN, a tumor suppressor and genomic integrity guardian, which was down-regulated in association with increasing aneuploidy (P = 0.003).
Conclusions: The relationship between aneuploidy and poor prognosis may be determined by specific, pathogenetically relevant chromosomal alterations, rather than overall aneuploidy. Such alterations can be identified using integrative genomic methods and may provide insights for novel therapeutic approaches.
A Numerical Study to Investigate the Relationship between Moisture Convergence Patterns and Orography in Central Mexico*
Authors: Bhushan S. , Barros A. P. 
Published: January 2008

Abstract
This study examines small-scale orographic effects on atmospheric moisture convergence at the ridge–valley scale in the Grande de Santiago River basin in central Mexico during a major monsoon storm on 13–14 August 1999. The simulation was performed using a coupled land–cloud resolving model on three nested grids (at 12-, 3-, and 1-km resolutions). The specific objective is to investigate the physical mechanisms that explain the regional space–time organization of orographic precipitation and cloudiness identified in the region from satellite data. The overarching goals of the research were 1) to characterize the effects of landform and topography-flow geometry relationships on the spatial distribution of precipitation and clouds, especially with regard to the role of mountain winds and lateral drainage flows, and 2) to assess the influence of land–atmosphere interactions (specifically latent and sensible heat fluxes) on moisture convergence patterns during monsoon storms.
The model results indicate that large-scale moisture convergence dominates the distribution of total water in the troposphere during monsoon storms, which is modulated by topographically induced gravity waves and thermodynamic gradients associated with the land–sea contrast in the coastal zone. In the Grande de Santiago River basin, mountain–plain differences in thermodynamic response control mesoscale moisture convergence patterns leading to nocturnal buildup in the valleys. At the ridge–valley scale, strong convergence and strong winds (up to 15 m s−1) occur on the lee side of ridges oriented perpendicularly to the impinging synoptic flow with the development of transient flow conditions (from supercritical to subcritical) in the valley, independently of the time of day. In turn, this localized hydraulic-jump-like circulation drives strong return winds (i.e., cold outflows in the downvalley direction) that converge in the central lowlands preceding nighttime rainfall, lifting warm moist air at the mouth of the valley, thus initiating nocturnal convection. Simulated moisture convergence patterns are clustered along the ridges and against the foot slopes at the outlet of the north–south oriented catchments consistent with the space–time distribution of satellite observations of precipitation and clouds in the region overall, and with precipitation features detected during the simulated event in particular.
Callous and unemotional traits in children and adolescents
living in Great Britain
Authors: Moran Paul , Ford Tamsin , Butler Georgia , Goodman Robert 
Published: January 2008

SummaryFew studies have assessed psychopathic traits in community samples of young
people. We investigated the predictive utility of callous and unemotional
traits in a representative sample of 5770 young people from Great Britain.
Teachers provided information on the presence of callous and unemotional
traits and parents completed the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire to
determine the level and impact of psychiatric problems at baseline, 12 and
24 months later. Baseline callous and unemotional trait scores independently
predicted the number and intensity of conduct, emotional and hyperactivity
symptoms at follow-up. Callous and unemotional traits are longitudinally
associated with the level and impact of childhood psychiatric problems.
Crossing Borders: The Impact of the California Tobacco Control Program on Both Sides of the US–Mexico Border
Authors: Martínez-Donate Ana P. , Hovell Melbourne F. , Hofstetter C. Richard , González-Pérez Guillermo J. , Kotay Anu , Adams Marc A. 
Published: January 2008

We examined the association between exposure to the California Tobacco Control Program and tobacco-related behaviors and perceptions among adults of Mexican descent. Three cross-sectional population-based surveys were conducted among adults in cities that represent full, partial, and no exposure to the program: San Diego, Calif, Tijuana, Mexico, and Guadalajara, Mexico, respectively. After we controlled for socioeconomic differences, we found significantly different rates of smoking, exposure to environmental tobacco smoke, and smoking bans in the 3 cities. We also observed a parallel gradient of cross-city differences in theoretical mediators of tobacco control. This suggests a significant association among the California Tobacco Control Program, tobacco-control outcomes, and theoretical mediators of these outcomes. Similar programs should be implemented in other regions; they have widespread effects on social norms and behaviors related to smoking and environmental tobacco smoke and can help achieve tobacco control across nations.
Influence of Nasal Sponges on Patients’ Complaints after Nasal and Sinus Surgery
Authors: Wiesmiller Kerstin , Lindemann Joerg , Rettinger Gerhard , Leiacker Richard , Rozsasi Ajnacska , Keck Tilman 
Published: January 2008

Background The goal of this study was to investigate the effect of nasal sponges on the subjective nasal well-being after nasal and sinus surgery. Methods The study was designed as a randomized prospective clinical trial comparing four different types of sponges used as nasal passive humidifiers (NPHs). The 40 participants were blinded to the size and pore structure of the NPHs. The NPHs were applied in both nostrils for 1 hour on the 2nd postoperative day. Subjective nasal sensations were evaluated on a visual analog scale. Results Wearing comfort was rated as satisfactory. Intranasal humidity and feeling of a dry nose were rated as improved after wearing the NPHs. Conclusion The use of NPHs may have a positive effect on the patients’ perception of nasal obstruction and intranasal humidity. Additional investigations in patients with intranasal dryness are planned to improve patients’ complaints.
Recommendations for the Safe Application of Temporal Interference Stimulation in the Human Brain Part I: Principles of Electrical Neuromodulation and Adverse Effects
Authors: Cassarà Antonino M. , Newton Taylor H. , Zhuang Katie , Regel Sabine J. , Achermann Peter , Pascual‐Leone Alvaro , Kuster Niels , Neufeld Esra 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTTemporal interference stimulation (TIS) is a new form of transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) that has been proposed as a method for targeted, non‐invasive stimulation of deep brain structures. While TIS holds promise for a variety of clinical and non‐clinical applications, little data is yet available regarding its effects in humans and its mechanisms of action. In order to inform the design and safe conduct of experiments involving TIS, researchers require quantitative guidance regarding safe exposure limits and other safety considerations. To this end, we undertook a two‐part effort to determine frequency‐dependent thresholds for applied currents below which TIS is unlikely to pose risk to humans in terms of heating or unwanted stimulation. Part I of this effort, described here, comprises a summary of the current knowledge pertaining to the safety of TIS and related techniques. Specifically, we provide: i) a broad overview of the electrophysiological impacts neurostimulation, ii) a review of the (bio‐)physical principles underlying the mechanisms of action of transcranial alternating/direct stimulation (tACS/tDCS), deep brain stimulation (DBS), and TIS, and iii) a comprehensive survey of the adverse effects (AEs) associated with each technique as reported in the scientific literature and regulatory and clinical databases. In Part II, we perform an in silico study to determine field exposure metrics for tDCS/tACS and DBS under normal (safe) operating conditions and infer frequency‐dependent current thresholds for TIS that result in equivalent levels of exposure.
Exploratory Raman Spectroscopic Studies of Canine Oral Tumour Types
Authors: Jadhav Priyanka A. , Hole Arti , Saha Panchali , Pansare Kshama , Ghanwat Aishwarya , Gera Poonam , Bendale Kiran , Krishna C. Murali , Chaudhari Pradip 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTCanine cancers are becoming increasingly significant due to their natural occurrence, similar to the spontaneous cancers in humans as well as their histological and biological similarities to human cancers. Several oral cancer types have been witnessed in dogs, based on the cell type from which the tumour originates. The type of oral tumour dictates severity of the disease, treatment options and prognoses. The current tissue‐based Raman Spectroscopy (RS) study explores stratification of canine cancers. Raman spectra of histopathologically confirmed normal and oral tumour types namely Epulis, Spindle cell sarcoma (SCS), and Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) were acquired using a Raman confocal microscope with 532 nm laser, pre‐processed and multivariate analyses performed. PC‐LDA achieved overall classification accuracy of > 70%. Thus, the present study evaluates potential of RS to identify the tumour type based on the identification of characteristic spectral features. Findings warrant large scale in vivo RS explorations in canine cancer subjects.
Estimation of the high-cycle fatigue behaviour of timber connections with inclined screws under tension
Authors: Niebuhr Peter Lothar , Sieder Mike 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
On the basis of 31 quasistatic and 27 constant-amplitude fatigue tests, the withdrawal behaviour of a self-tapping timber screw under cyclic loading is examined in two configurations with respect to the penetration length. Together with similar results from earlier withdrawal tests on threaded rods, indications of a dependence of the bearable load cycles on the penetration length are revealed. A larger penetration length was found to yield inferior performance under cyclic loads. Furthermore, combined with results from earlier axial tensile tests on the examined screw, insights into the transition point between steel tensile failure and withdrawal are gained. The results on the withdrawal failure mode are combined with results from earlier studies to develop a proposal for a holistic verification concept for the high-cycle fatigue design of connections with inclined self-tapping screws. After reviewing the relevant failure modes, the verification is reduced to the dominant failure modes, namely, withdrawal and steel tensile failure. Subsidiary effects such as bending in the fastener are inherently considered.
Vision-based power line cables and pylons detection for low flying aircraft
Authors: Gwizdała Jakub , Oner Doruk , Roy Soumava Kumar , Shah Mian Akbar , Eberhard Ad , Egorov Ivan , Krüsi Philipp , Yakushev Grigory , Fua Pascal 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Power lines are dangerous for low-flying aircraft, especially in low-visibility conditions. Thus, a vision-based system able to analyze the aircraft’s surroundings and to provide the pilots with a “second pair of eyes” can contribute to enhancing their safety. To this end, we develop a deep learning approach to jointly detect power line cables and pylons from images captured at distances of several hundred meters by aircraft-mounted cameras. In doing so, we combine a modern convolutional architecture with transfer learning and a loss function adapted to curvilinear structure delineation. We use a single network for both detection tasks and demonstrate its performance on two benchmarking datasets. We have also integrated it within an onboard system and run it inflight. We show with our experiments that it outperforms the prior distant cable detection method by Stambler et al. (in: International Conference on Robotics and Automation, 2019) on both datasets, while also successfully detecting pylons, given their annotations are available for the data.
Treatment of Boerhaave syndrome: experience from a tertiary center
Authors: Kooij Cezanne D. , Boptsi Eleni , Weusten Bas L. A. M. , de Vries D. R. , Ruurda Jelle P. , van Hillegersberg Richard 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Boerhaave syndrome is a rare, life-threatening condition, characterized by spontaneous esophageal rupture. This study aims to share our 13-year experience in managing Boerhaave syndrome.

Methods
A retrospective, observational study was conducted of consecutive patients with Boerhaave syndrome who presented at our tertiary referral center, between 2011 and 2023. Patients were categorized by time to diagnosis, to assess the impact of diagnostic delay.

Results
Among 21 patients, 13 (62%) were diagnosed early (< 24 h) and 8 (38%) late (> 24 h). In the early-diagnosed group (n = 13), 6 patients (46%) received primary intervention with stent placement in combination with surgical drainage (5 with mediastinal and pleural drainage and 1 with only pleural drainage), while 5 patients (38%) were initially treated with only a stent. One patient (8%) underwent surgical pleural drainage alone and one (8%) underwent an esophagectomy. Among the 8 late-diagnosed patients, 4 (50%) were primarily treated with both stent placement and surgical drainage (2 with mediastinal drainage, 1 with pleural drainage and 1 with both), 3 (38%) with only stent placement, and one (13%) was managed conservatively. Additional interventions were required in 14 patients (67%). Additional surgical drainage was performed in 5 of 8 patients who had initially been treated with stent only (63%) and in 2 of 10 patients who had initially received both stent and surgical drainage (20%). Stent complications occurred in 7 patients (37%), including leakage (16%), migration (16%), and bleeding (5%). The median hospital stay was 32 days (IQR 15–37) and the overall 90-day mortality was 14%. Mortality was significantly higher in late-diagnosed patients (n = 3, 38%) compared to those early diagnosed (n = 0, 0%) (p = 0.042), with all 3 deceased patients either refusing or being unfit for treatment.

Conclusion
Based on this study, we recommend prioritizing closure of the defect combined with drainage, while considering individual patient factors, including advanced age.