bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PAK1 is a novel MEK‐independent raf target controlling expression of the IAP survivin in M‐CSF‐mediated osteoclast survival
Authors: Bradley Elizabeth W. , Ruan Ming M. , Oursler Merry J. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractAs activation of the Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK pathway is a critical component of M‐CSF‐promoted osteoclast survival, determining specific mechanism by which M‐CSF activates this signal transduction pathway is paramount towards advancing treatment of pathological conditions resulting in increased bone turnover. The p21 activated kinase PAK1 modulates activation of the Raf/MEK/ERK pathway by either directly activating Raf or priming MEK for activation by Raf. Therefore a role for PAK1 in M‐CSF‐mediated activation of the MEK/ERK pathway controlling osteoclast survival was assessed. Here we show that PAK1 is activated by M‐CSF in a Ras‐dependent mechanism that promotes osteoclast survival. Surprisingly, PAK1 did not modulate Raf activation or Raf‐mediated MEK activation. M‐CSF mediated activation of Raf was required for PAK1 activation and osteoclast survival promoted by PAK1. This survival response was MEK‐independent as expression of constitutively active MEK did not rescue osteoclasts from apoptosis induced by blocking PAK1 function. Functionally, PAK1 promoted osteoclast survival by modulating expression of the IAP family member Survivin. M‐CSF therefore functions to promote PAK1 activation as a novel MEK‐independent Raf target to control Survivin‐mediated osteoclast survival. J. Cell. Physiol. 217: 752–758, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
TGF‐β induces connexin43 gene expression in normal murine mammary gland epithelial cells via activation of p38 and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways
Authors: Tacheau Charlotte , Fontaine Juliette , Loy Jennifer , Mauviel Alain , Verrecchia Franck 
Published: July 2008

AbstractOne of the shared physiological roles between TGF‐β and connexin family members is to inhibit epithelial cell cycle progression and consequently, to provide protection against malignant transformation. Herein, we demonstrated that TGF‐β1 induces the expression of connexin43 (Cx43) in normal murine mammary gland (NMuMG) cell lines at the protein and mRNA levels, and transcriptionally. Using overexpression of a truncated dominant‐negative form of Cx43, we determined that the modulation of gap junctional communication by TGF‐β1 plays a key role in the control of NMuMG cells proliferation by TGF‐β1. In addition, using overexpression of truncated dominant‐negative forms of either Smad2 or Smad3, and MDA‐MB‐468 human breast carcinoma cells deficient for Smad4, we determined that the Smad cascade is not implicated in TGF‐β1 effect on Cx43 expression. Using specific pharmacologic inhibitors for JNK, ERK, p38, and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways, we demonstrated the cooperative role of p38 and PI3K/AKT signaling in TGF‐β1‐induced Cx43 expression and gap junctional communication. Furthermore, transfection of a c‐jun antisense expression vector significantly prevented TGF‐β1‐induced Cx43 gene expression demonstrating the involvement of c‐Jun/AP‐1 pathway together with p38 and PI3K/AKT pathways in mediating TGF‐β1‐induced Cx43 gene expression. J. Cell. Physiol. 217: 759–768, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Plasticity of growth rate and metabolism in Daphnia magna populations from different thermal habitats
Authors: Chopelet J. , Blier P.U. , Dufresne F. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of temperature on growth and aerobic metabolism in clones of Daphnia magna from different thermal regimes. Growth rate (increment in size), somatic juvenile growth rate (increment in mass), and oxygen consumption were measured at 15 and 25°C in 21 clones from one northern and two southern sites. There were no significant differences in body size and growth rate (increase in length) at both 15 and 25°C among the three sites. Clones from southern site 2 had a higher mass increment than clones from the other two sites at both temperatures. Clone had a significant effect on growth (body length) and body size at both temperatures. As expected, age at maturity was lower at 25°C (4.5 days) than at 15°C, (11.6 days) and body sizes, after the release of the third clutch, were larger at 15°C than at 25°C. Northern clones had higher oxygen consumption rates and specific dynamic action (SDA) than southern clones at 15°C. By contrast, southern clones from site 1 had a higher oxygen consumption and SDA than subarctic clones at 25°C. Clones from southern site 2 had high oxygen consumption rates at both temperatures. Our results reveal important differences in metabolic rates among Daphnia from different thermal regimes, which were not always reflected in growth rate differences. J. Exp. Zool. 309A:553–562, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Raldh expression in embryos of the direct developing frog Eleutherodactylus coqui and the conserved retinoic acid requirement for forelimb initiation
Authors: Elinson Richard P. , Walton Zachary , Nath Kimberly 
Published: July 2008

AbstractEmbryos of the direct developing frog, Eleutherodactylus coqui, provide opportunities to examine frog early limb development that are not available in species with tadpoles. We cloned two retinaldehyde dehydrogenase genes, EcRaldh1 and EcRaldh2, to see which enzyme likely supplies retinoic acid for limb development. EcRaldh1 is expressed in the dorsal retina, otic vesicle, pronephros, and pronephric duct, but not in the limb. EcRaldh2 is expressed early at the blastoporal lip and then in the mesoderm in the neurula, so this expression could function in forelimb initiation. Later EcRaldh2 is expressed in the mesoderm at the base of the limbs and in the ventral spinal cord where motor neurons innervating the limbs emerge. These observations on a frog support the functional conservation of EcRaldh2 in forelimb initiation in Osteichthyans and in limb patterning and motor neuron specification in tetrapods. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 310B:588–595, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Bounding χ in terms of ω and Δ for quasi‐line graphs
Authors: King Andrew D. , Reed Bruce A. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractA quasi‐line graph is a graph in which the neighborhood of any vertex can be covered by two cliques; every line graph is a quasi‐line graph. Reed conjectured that for any graph G, $\chi({{G}}) \leq\left \lceil {{{1}}\over {{2}}}(\Delta({{G}})+{{1}}+\omega({{G}}))\right\rceil$ [Reed, J Graph Theory 27 (1998), 177–212]. We prove that the conjecture holds if G is a quasi‐line graph, extending a result of King et al. who proved the conjecture for line graphs [Eur J Comb 28 (2007), 2182–2187], and improving the bound of $\chi{{(}}{{G}}{{)}} \leq {3\over 2} \omega({{G}})$ given by Chudnovsky and Ovetsky [J Graph Theory 54 (2007), 41–50]. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 59: 215–228, 2008
Solution of a conjecture of Volkmann on longest paths through an arc in strongly connected in‐tournaments
Authors: Meierling Dirk 
Published: July 2008

AbstractAn in‐tournament is an oriented graph such that the negative neighborhood of every vertex induces a tournament. Let m = 4 or m = 5 and let D be a strongly connected in‐tournament of order ${{n}}\geq {{2}}{{m}}-{{2}}$ such that each arc belongs to a directed path of order at least m. In 2000, Volkmann showed that if D contains an arc e such that the longest directed path through e consists of exactly m vertices, then e is the only arc of D with that property. In this article we shall see that this proposition is true for ${{m}}\geq {{4}}$, thereby validating a conjecture of Volkmann. Furthermore, we prove that if we ease the restrictions on the order of D to ${{n}}\geq {{2}}{{m}}-{{3}}$, the in‐tournament D in question has at most two such arcs. In doing so, we also give a characterization of the in‐tournaments with exactly two such arcs. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 60: 130–148, 2009
Synthesis of [14C] ‐ and [13C6]‐labeled tipranavir and its potential hydroxyl metabolite and the glucuronide conjugate
Authors: Latli Bachir , Hrapchak Matt , Easter John A. , Stolle Wayne T. , Grozinger Karl , Krishnamurthy Dhileepkumar , Senanayake Chris H. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractTipranavir or Aptivus®is a non‐peptidic protease inhibitor approved for the combination treatment with ritonavir of HIV infection. Tipranavir labeled with radioactive and stable isotopes of carbon was required for drug metabolism (excretion, distribution, and absorption) studies and to develop bioanalytical methods needed for the support of clinical studies. [7‐14C]‐Benzoic acid and uniformly labeled benzoic acid (ring‐13C699 at%13C) were used to prepare [14C]‐ and [13C6]‐labeled tipranavir, respectively. Radioactively labeled tipranavir was prepared with a specific activity of 54 mCi/mmol (2GBq/mmol); it was necessary to dilute its specific activity with unlabeled tipranavir to 28 mCi/mmol (46.45 µCi/mg) because of its instability. TheN‐hydroxyl metabolite (12) and the glucuronide conjugate (13), the most abundant metabolites of tipranavir (when administered in conjunction with ritonavir) were also synthesized. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Enzymatic synthesis of phenylpyruvic acid labeled with deuterium, tritium, and carbon‐14
Authors: Skowera Katarzyna , Kańska Marianna 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe synthesis of isotopomers of phenylpyruvic acid, PPA, selectively labeled with hydrogen isotopes in the 3‐position of the side‐chain is reported. Three deuterium or tritium labeled isotopomers of L‐phenylalanine, L‐Phe, i.e. [(3S)‐2H]‐L‐, [(3S)‐3H]‐L‐, and doubly labeled [(3S)‐2H/3H]‐L‐Phe were synthesized using the enzyme phenylalanine ammonia lyase (EC 4.3.1.5). In the second step these isotopomers of L‐Phe were converted into [(3S)‐2H], [(3S)‐3H]‐, and [(3S)‐2H/3H]‐isotopomers of PPA using the enzyme L‐phenylalanine dedydrogenase (EC 1.4.1.20). The isotopomer of PPA labeled with 14C in carboxylic group, [1‐14C]‐PPA, was obtained in a two‐step enzymatic reaction using [1‐14C]‐cinnamic acid as the starting substrate. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Retracted: Leadership behaviors that really count in an organization's performance in the middle east: The case of Dubai
Authors: Behery Mohamed H. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractRetraction: The following article from the Journal of Leadership Studies entitled “Leadership behaviors that really count in an organization's performance in the Middle East: The case of Dubai” by Mohamed Behery, published on July 28, 2008, on Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com) and in Volume 2, Issue 2 (August 2008), has been retracted by agreement between the author, the Editor, Jake Burdick, and Wiley Periodicals, Inc.The Editorial Office of the Journal of Leadership Studies has concluded that the article did not contain precise references to support direct quotations and significant paraphrases from other articles. Although the Editorial Office felt a retraction was necessary, it wishes to note its belief that the author acted in good faith and that Mr. Behery has not been accused of any misconduct with respect to the contents of the article.Jeremy MorelandEditor‐in‐Chief, Journal of Leadership StudiesJake BurdickEditor, Journal of Leadership Studies
Leadership competencies: An exploratory study of what is important now and what has changed since the terrorist attacks of 9/11
Authors: Sparks Taylor E. , Gentry William A. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThis exploratory study attempts to identify the leadership competencies that managers believe are needed to be successful across different managerial levels and organization types (manufacturing, finance, insurance, and banking, health, transportation, communications, and utilities, wholesale and retail trade, private nonprofit, and public) and presents an analysis of whether changes in the importance of certain leadership competencies over time coincided with the 9/11 terrorist attacks in the United States. Our findings suggest that the leadership competencies leading employees and resourcefulness were the most important across all managerial levels and organization types studied. Moreover, leadership competencies important (or not important) for one managerial level or organization type seem to be important (or not important) for others. Furthermore, leadership competencies important before 9/11 remained important immediately after 9/11, 2 years after 9/11, and are still important today. These findings may have implications for leadership training and development, selection, and succession planning.
Content analysis of leadership in Asia‐Pacific organizations
Authors: Chiu Darson , Lao Teresa M. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractLeadership and management are important factors that influence the ability of organizations to fulfill their goals. In this article, the role of two organizations was analyzed to determine which leadership styles are appropriate. The Asia‐Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) and the Pacific Economic Cooperation Council (PECC) are two international organizations in the region of Asia‐Pacific with similar goals but dissimilar organizational natures, properties, functions, and structures. Past studies researching APEC and PECC have mainly taken the perspective of macroeconomics or international relations. The intent when carrying out this study was to adopt a nontraditional approach to studying APEC and PECC by using a qualitative leadership and management methodology. By referring to identified leadership practices through content analysis and explored organizational paradigms through a narrative approach, this study recommends the application of suitable leadership and management practices to empower these two organizations and other similar organizations in the United States and other countries.
Examining relationships between director leadership practices and manager worklife and burnout
Authors: Lee How , Cummings Greta G. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractManagers are subject to high stress and burnout in their demanding roles, so addressing their worklife and level of burnout is important to retain leadership in healthcare organizations. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between the observed leadership style of directors and the worklife and burnout of healthcare managers. A secondary analysis of data from 176 leaders in five different managerial cohorts within a provincial cancer agency was conducted using multiple regression and MANCOVA analysis. The study used data collected from the Worklife Improvement and Leadership Development study in 2006, the Kouzes and Posner Leadership Practices Inventory, the Maslach Burnout Inventory, and the Areas of Worklife Survey. Findings indicate the importance of transformational leadership styles to empower managers. Directors may improve the worklife of managers by using transformational leadership practices to address the amount of control and appropriateness of rewards to positively influence the job satisfaction of managers.
Leader‐member exchangeand job satisfacton: Cross‐industry comparisons and predicted employee turnover
Authors: Mardanov Ismatilla T. , Maertz Carl P. , Sterrett Jack L. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe present research analyzes quality of leader‐member exchange (LMX) and job satisfaction and predicts employee turnover rates in the food manufacturing, restaurant, and banking industries resulting from low‐quality LMX and job dissatisfaction. It confirms the reliability and construct validity of the well‐known LMX scale and Minnesota Job Satisfaction Questionnaire (MSQ) in cross‐industry comparisons. It also identifies the shape of the hypothesized relationships among the three industries. Comparisons indicate that in the service sector, quality of LMX is significantly higher than in manufacturing, that the level of job satisfaction is higher in manufacturing than in service, and that satisfaction with supervision has a significant impact on job satisfaction.
Creating and sustaining a strategic partnership: A model for human resource development
Authors: Peterson Shari L. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractHuman resource development (HRD) leaders have been challenged to become strategic business partners in order to link people, strategy, and performance. In spite of a critical need, there has not been an empirically testable systemic framework that pulls together the wide variety of strategic imperatives that have been suggested. This article presents a conceptual model identifying the essential system elements that provide a framework for how HRD might create and then sustain its full leadership potential as a strategic partner.
Characterization of atherosclerotic plaque of carotid arteries with histopathological correlation: Vascular wall MR imaging vs. color Doppler ultrasonography (US)
Authors: Watanabe Yuji , Nagayama Masako , Suga Tsuyoshi , Yoshida Kazumichi , Yamagata Sen , Okumura Akira , Amoh Yoshiki , Nakashita Satoru , Van Cauteren Marc , Dodo Yoshihiro 
Published: July 2008

AbstractPurposeTo investigate whether the vessel wall MRI of carotid arteries would differentiate at‐risk soft plaque from solid fibrous plaque by identifying liquid components more accurately than color Doppler ultrasonography (US).Materials and MethodsThis study included 54 carotid arteries in 54 consecutive patients who underwent carotid endarterectomy. MRI was performed using black‐blood fat‐suppressed (FS) T1‐and FS T2‐weighted TSE sequences. A total of 68 major segments of the 54 carotid plaques were grouped into four MR categories based on signal intensity index (SII). MR criteria used for the diagnosis of plaque vulnerability were: at‐risk soft plaque including a segment of liquid component (category A or B), solid fibrous plaque (category C or D). The MR and US findings were compared with histopathological findings of endarterectomy specimens.ResultsIntraoperative findings and microscopic examination of endarterectomy specimens revealed 24 at‐risk soft plaques and 30 solid fibrous plaques. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for diagnosing at‐risk soft plaque are 96%, 93%, and 94% for MR, and 75%, 63%, and 69% for color Doppler US, respectively. The slice‐by‐slice MR evaluation of carotid wall also revealed detailed information of plaque segments and correlated well with the features of corresponding histologic sections.ConclusionVessel wall MRI with MRI category could have a potential to more accurately diagnose an at‐risk soft plaque predominantly composed of liquid components in comparison with color Doppler US. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2008;28:478–485. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Segmented echo planar MR imaging of the brachial plexus with inversion recovery magnetization preparation at 3.0T
Authors: Zhang Zhongwei , Song Laijing , Meng Quanfei , Li Ziping , Luo Boning , Pei Zhong , Zeng Jinsheng 
Published: July 2008

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the image quality of segmented echo planar MRI with inversion recovery magnetization preparation (seg‐IR‐EPI) to depict the anatomy and pathologic changes involving the brachial plexus.Materials and MethodsThe coronal seg‐IR‐EPI sequence was performed on 30 healthy volunteers and 20 patients. Postprocessing techniques were used to generate images of brachial plexus and the images acquired were qualitatively evaluated by two experienced radiologists based on grading of the morphological images. Signal‐to‐noise ratios (SNRs) and nerve soft tissue contrast‐to‐noise‐ratios (CNRs) were calculated and the normalized SNR (SNRn) and the normalized CNR (CNRn) were compared with the STIR TSE sequence.ResultsAlthough seg‐IR‐EPI had more ghosting artifacts than STIR TSE, excellent general image appearance with minor blurring can be achieved with seg‐IR‐EPI. In all healthy volunteers the means of CNRn were significantly greater for seg‐IR‐EPI than for STIR‐TSE, while the means of SNRn were significantly lower for seg‐IR‐EPI than for STIR‐TSE.ConclusionIn the present study the seg‐IR‐EPI sequence obtained uniform fat suppression and high‐contrast T2‐weighted images of brachial plexus. Our data suggest that the seg‐IR‐EPI sequence may provide high fidelity in evaluating brachial plexus. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2008;28:440–444. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparison of the reproducibility of quantitative cardiac left ventricular assessments in healthy volunteers using different MRI scanners: A multicenter simulation
Authors: Gandy Stephen J. , Waugh Shelley A. , Nicholas R. Stephen , Simpson Helen J. , Milne Wendy , Houston J. Graeme 
Published: July 2008

AbstractPurposeTo derive reproducibility assessments of ejection fraction (EF) and left ventricular mass (LVM) from short‐axis cardiac MR images acquired at single and multiple time‐points on different 1.5T scanner models.Materials and MethodsImages of 15 healthy volunteers were acquired twice using a Magnetom Avanto scanner (Siemens, Erlangen, Germany) and once using a Signa Excite scanner (General Electric, Milwaukee, WI, USA) over four months, and analyzed using ARGUS and MASS Analysis+ software, respectively. Two physicists independently segmented the myocardial borders in order to derive intra‐ and interobserver assessments of EF and LVM for single and multiple time‐points on the same and different scanners.ResultsFor EF, the coefficient of repeatability (CoR) increased as different observers, multiple time‐points, and different scanners were introduced. The CoR ranged from 2.8% (intraobserver measurements, single time‐point, same scanner) to 10.0% (interobserver measurements, different time‐points, different scanners). For LVM, intraobserver CoR parameters were consistently smaller than interobserver values. The CoR ranged from 7.8 g (intraobserver measurements, single time‐point, same scanner) to 39.5 g (interobserver measurements, different time‐points, different scanners).ConclusionReproducible EF data can be obtained at single or multiple time‐points using different scanners. However, LVM is notably susceptible to interobserver variation, and this should be carefully considered if similar evaluations are planned as part of multicenter or longitudinal investigations. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2008;28:359–365. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A survey of the potential impact of the European Union Physical Agents Directive (EU PAD) on electromagnetic fields (EMF) on MRI research practice in the United Kingdom
Authors: Perrin Nicola M.R. , Morris Clive J. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractPurposeTo assess concerns that the European Union Physical Agents Directive (EU PAD) on Electromagnetic Fields (EMF) could seriously restrict the use of MRI for research, diagnosis, and treatment, this study was conducted to examine the impact of the EU PAD on research practice, following a previous survey that assessed its impact on clinical practice.Materials and MethodsData were collected through an online survey. E‐mail invitations were sent to every UK grant‐holder funded by Cancer Research UK, Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC), Medical Research Council (MRC), and the Wellcome Trust in the last three years, who use MRI technology.ResultsA total of 70% of researchers responding to the survey reported that some of their MR research is conducted with at least one researcher in the scanner room during operation. Of those researchers in the scanner room, more than three‐quarters are within 1 m of the scanner, for any scanner strength, and would therefore exceed the limits set in the Directive. Over half of these researchers also reach into the magnet bore, while at least one in five researchers spend over an hour in the scanner room during operation.ConclusionThe results suggest the EU PAD could have a very prohibitive impact on research practice. The current exposure limits would prohibit interventional MRI, limit the provision of patient care, and restrict researchers from reaching into the magnet bore to position and check equipment or to provide technical support. The use of new, more powerful high‐field scanners will be particularly restricted. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2008;28:486–492. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.