bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physical therapists' perceptions of family involvement in the rehabilitation process
Authors: Ryan Nancy Powell , Wade Janet Crew , Nice Amy , Shenefelt Heidi , Shepard Katherine 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe purpose of this qualitative study was to describe how physical therapists working in rehabilitation settings involved families in the patient's rehabilitation program and what factors facilitated or impeded this involvement. Forty physical therapists practicing in the eastern United States were individually interviewed on their involvement of families in a patient's rehabilitation. The interview data were transcribed, coded, and analyzed for main themes. Family involvement was found to be a significant aspect of a patient's rehabilitation. Factors pertaining to the family, the patient, the healthcare organization and the physical therapist were identified. Factors, such as the family's knowledge, attitudes and skills of the family, their relationship with the patient prior to the injury or disability, the availability and opportunity of family members to be involved, and their physical capabilities, all influenced the degree to which the family participated. Therapists also perceived the cognitive status of the patient as a factor which dictated the proper amount of family participation. The health‐care organization was an important factor which needed to encourage and support the family participation. With decreased lengths of stay there is less time for families to be independent in caring for their loved one. The organization of the department could be instrumental in this by providing multiple formal and informal avenues for family training, such as support groups, home visits, ‘open door’ policy visiting hours, and scheduling changes. Finally, the physical therapists might have been the single most significant factor in facilitating family involvement. It was important for them to establish open and honest communication and be pro‐activists for their patients and their families. The findings were consistent with the existing literature base in relation to the patient and family. Additional findings present physical therapists and healthcare organizations with suggestions for improving family education. Copyright © 1996 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
Responsiveness and reliability of a pediatric strategy score for balance
Authors: Di Fabio Richard P. , Foudriat Beth A. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractVarious motor patterns or ‘strategies’ can be used to maintain balance. The purpose of this study was to determine the responsiveness of a pediatric strategy score (PED‐SS) compared to a standard strategy score (SS) as a measure of age‐related changes in the force patterns used to maintain stance. Eighty‐one healthy children between 3–6 years of age were tested during stance on a force platform while facing a visual surround. The platform, visual surround (or both) moved simultaneously with the child's body sway. Four sensory conditions that altered visual and somatosensory (support surface) inputs were presented. The PED‐SS was found to be more responsive to age‐related changes in balance behavior compared to the SS. The oldest children (aged 5 and 6 years) showed the greatest ability to utilize horizontal A/P shear force to maintain stance and this finding was reflected only in the PED‐SS. The implications of evaluating force strategy as one component of balance in healthy children is discussed with respect to the early developmental assessment of vestibular and developmental coordination disorders. Copyright © 1996 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
Concentric and eccentric force–velocity relationships during electrically induced submaximal contractions
Authors: Kues Janet M. , Mayhew Thomas P. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe purpose of this investigation was to examine the force–velocity relationship during electrically induced, submaximal concentric and eccentric contractions of the quadriceps femoris muscle. Thirty female subjects with no history of knee pathology participated in the study. Force was measured on an isokinetic dynamometer and the quadriceps femoris muscle was electrically stimulated by use of a medium frequency current generator. Subjects were stimulated at 30% of their maximum voluntary isometric force. Four velocities were tested (30°, 90°, 120° and 180°/sec) during both concentric and eccentric contractions. The relationship between force and velocity was examined with an analysis of covariance. The regression model describing the force–velocity relationship for concentric contractions was significant (p<0.0001) with an R2 of 0.96 and a slope of ‐0.76 (p<0.0001). The regression model describing the force–velocity relationship for eccentric contractions was significant (p<0.0001) with an R2 of 0.91 and a slope of 0.4 (p<0.0001). The relationship between force and velocity during electrically induced, sub‐maximal concentric and eccentric contractions were similar to in vitro studies that have examined this relationship during shortening and lengthening contractions. Copyright © 1996 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
The use and interpretation of the Friedman test in the analysis of ordinal‐scale data in repeated measures designs
Authors: Sheldon Michael R. , Fillyaw Michael J. , Thompson W. Douglas 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to review the use and interpretation of the Friedman two‐way analysis of variance by ranks test for ordinal‐level data in repeated measurement designs. Physical therapists frequently make three or more repeated measurements of the same individual to compare different treatments, or to assess the effect of a single treatment over time. When the measurements are ordinal‐scaled, such as some ratings of functional status and muscle strength, statistical significance may be determined by the Friedman test. We illustrate the use of the Friedman test and a post hoc multiple comparison test with data from 27 subjects whose performance on a lifting task was rated on three occasions by use of an ordinal scale. We discuss the interpretation of ordinal‐level data and recommend that therapists understand the limitations a measurement scale imposes on the inferences that can be made from these tests. Copyright © 1996 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
Changes in voluntary motor control induced by intrathecal baclofen in patients with spasticity of different etiology
Authors: Latash Mark L. , Penn Richard D. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractWe studied the effects of intrathecal baclofen upon voluntary movements. Eleven patients with spasticity of different etiology and one patient with idiopathic dystonia were studied. Six patients participated in a double‐blind trial. Kinematic/dynamic and electromyographic (EMG) patterns were recorded during attempts at single‐joint elbow or ankle voluntary movements and isometric contractions. Reflex responses were also recorded. Baclofen suppressed spastic signs in 10 patients: it eliminated clonus and decreased the co‐contraction of antagonist and distant muscle groups. Baclofen could induce weakness, particularly in patients with cerebral palsy (CP). Patients with hemi‐syndromes did not notice any effects of baclofen in their ‘unaffected’ limbs. Intrathecal baclofen could improve voluntary movements in some patients with spasticity resulting in better walking and usage of arms. We hypothesize that spasticity induces an adaptive reaction at a segmental level that includes an increase in the number and/or affinity of GABA‐sensitive receptors. Copyright © 1996 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
The job satisfaction of physical therapists
Authors: Speakman Haddon G. B. , Pleasant Jon Mark , Sutton Grant B. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractTen statements were created for the purpose of measuring job satisfaction in the practise of physiotherapy. The subjects consisted of 96 of the 106 (90%) of the physical therapists licensed with the Texas State Board of Physical Therapy Examiners, and listed as residing in El Paso, Texas, USA. To indicate their job satisfaction, subjects indicated on a seven‐point scale their level of agreement or disagreement with each statement. They then indicated on a different seven‐point scale how important they thought each statement was to their job satisfaction. The results indicated that subjects thought that their jobs were challenging in a positive sense; enabled them to use their abilities; and were interesting. They also thought that they had sufficient independence in decision‐making; were learning and improving in their work; and were given significant autonomy. The most dissatisfying aspect of their work was the amount of paperwork. In addition, the results suggest that some subjects may feel overworked, and think their jobs may be too physically demanding and mentally stressful. The subjects felt that all the statements had validity and measured important aspects of job satisfaction in physical therapy. Copyright © 1996 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
The exercise capacity of three socio‐economic groups of elderly hypertensive patients
Authors: Eales C. J. , Stewart A. V. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractA third of all persons over the age of 65 suffer from hypertension. The incidence in South African blacks is particularly high. Exercise, although effective in lowering blood pressure, has not gained acceptance for its antihypertensive benefits. It would certainly be an inexpensive management option in community‐based clinics in South Africa. In this paper, the exercise profiles of a group of elderly hypertensive patients are examined in three different socio‐economic settings: a tertiary care hospital (Group 1); an urban community‐based clinic (Group 2); and a rural clinic (Group 3). All the patients completed the six‐minute walking test and the Duke Activity Status Index (Hlatky et al., 1984). All test values were expressed as means and standard deviations. A p value of <0.05 was considered significant. Both resting and exercise pulse rates were higher at the urban clinic (p=0.019). The blood pressure (BP) was higher in the urban clinic, but not significantly so. The mean arterial pressure (MAP) of all three groups was high (115 mm HG). The distance covered in the six‐minute walking test was surprisingly low at the urban and the rural clinic. Overall, in all three settings patients' hypertension was not well‐controlled. The patients were not fit when compared to their age‐predicted metabolic equivalent (MET) values. This lack of fitness may indicate that exercise programmes could be of value. Copyright © 1996 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
Why exercise?: A preliminary investigation of an exercise motivation index among individuals with rheumatic conditions and healthy individuals
Authors: Stenström Christina H. , Boestad Cecilia , Carlsson Marie , Edström Maria , Reuterhäll Åsalill 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe study was undertaken to investigate the test‐retest stability and the criterion‐related validity of a modified Swedish version of an exercise motivation index (EMI), and its use with individuals with rheumatic conditions, and with healthy individuals who exercised regularly. The EMI consists of 23 statements divided into three sub‐scores for physical, psychological and social motivation. Ninety‐five individuals with rheumatic conditions (mean age 60 years, mean symptom duration 15 years, 79% female) and 131 healthy individuals (mean age 52 years, 76% female), all attending exercise classes at least once a week, filled out the EMI. Sub‐samples also filled out three visual analogue scales designed to measure physical, psychological and social exercise motivation, and filled out the EMI a second time one week later. The results indicated that psychological and physical exercise motivation was equally important in both samples. Social motivation was less important in both samples, but more pronounced in the rheumatic sample and among older individuals. In the rheumatic sample, physical motivation was more important among women and psychological motivation was more important among younger individuals. Test‐retest stability for the EMI was satisfactory in both samples, while criterion‐related validity was poor. The results of our preliminary investigation of the EMI suggest that the survey of physical, psychological and social motivation for exercise seems meaningful. Further work on the validity of the EMI is needed. Copyright © 1997 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
Physiotherapists' use of evidence based practice: a cross‐national study
Authors: Turner Pat , Whitfield T.W. Allan 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThis study investigated clinical physiotherapists' reasons for their use of treatment techniques, with a particular focus on their utilisation of journal review and research literature. A questionnaire was completed by 180 physiotherapists in England and 141 physiotherapists in Australia. Despite the greater prevalence of pre‐registration degree respondents in Australia, there were no differences between the two national groups in their reasons given for choice of treatment techniques. The basis of over 90% of each groups' choice of techniques reflected what was taught during their initial training. Experience of treatment effects on prior patients, and information gained in practice‐related courses, were also primary reasons. Research literature ranked least in importance as a basis for choosing techniques, and review articles fared little better. The results indicated that these physiotherapists relied mainly on information gained from formal pre‐ and post‐ registration courses. By implication, the most obvious means of influencing physiotherapists' attitudes to research utilisation lies with those responsible for physiotherapy education. Copyright © 1997 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
A revised group exercise program for osteoarthritis of the knee
Authors: Fransen Marlene , Margiotta Ezio , Crosbie Jack , Edmonds John 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of a group exercise program for subjects with osteoarthritis of the knee referred for physiotherapy in terms of pain, physical function and gait. This study was initiated after an initial group exercise program at this centre failed to demonstrate significant changes in pain, physical function or gait. The study was based on repeated measures with a two month follow up, carried out in the outpatients department of a large public hospital. Pain levels in various functional situations were assessed on visual analogue scales, physical function with the Stanford Health Assessment Questionnaire, and quantitative gait variables at a normal and a fast self‐selected speed with an electric foot switch walkway. On completion of the program (n=40) more than 90% of the pain and physical function scores demonstrated significant improvements without increases in medication, use of walking aids or fatigue. The gait variables of velocity, cadence and stride length at both self‐selected speeds demonstrated significant increases at this assessment without deterioration of gait symmetry. All improvements were maintained at the two month follow up assessments. This study suggests that a clinically realistic group exercise program supplemented with a home program can reduce pain, increase physical function and objective gait measures in subjects with osteoarthritis of the knee. Copyright © 1997 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
A weight bearing method for determining forefoot posting for orthotic fabrication
Authors: Cummings Gordon S. , Higbie Elizabeth J. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractOrthotic prescription for forefoot posting is commonly based upon measures of the forefoot performed on a non‐weightbearing foot. However, the relationship of measures of the unloaded foot to determine orthotic prescription for compensatory forefoot function during gait is still in question. Another approach to determine orthotic prescription is to measure the height of forefoot posting necessary to prevent excessive pronation of the subtalar joint during weightbearing. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the intrarater, interrater and day‐to‐day reliability of forefoot measures during an active, weightbearing movement. Thirty‐two volunteers, 18 females (mean age 38.9 ± 15.3 yr) and 18 males (mean age 44.8 ± 20.6 yr) participated in the study. Four examiners performed repeated forefoot measures on both feet using the weightbearing technique during two test sessions separated by a week. Intrarater and interrater reliability (ICC (3,1)) ranged from 0.90 to 0.95 and 0.87 to 0.94, respectively. Day‐to‐day reliability (ICC (1,1)) ranged from 0.84 to 0.88 for all measures. We conclude that the weightbearing method used in this study to determine forefoot posting is reliable. The acceptable reliability of this method justifies the need for future investigations of the validity and the clinical efficacy of this technique for orthotic prescription. Copyright © 1997 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
Solution structure of the plant defensin VrD1 from mung bean and its possible role in insecticidal activity against bruchids
Authors: Liu Yaw‐Jen , Cheng Chao‐Sheng , Lai Szu‐Ming , Hsu Ming‐Pin , Chen Ching‐San , Lyu Ping‐Chiang 
Published: March 2006

AbstractVigna radiata plant defensin 1 (VrD1) is the first reported plant defensin exhibiting insecticidal activity. We report herein the nuclear magnetic resonance solution structure of VrD1 and the implication on its insecticidal activity. The root‐mean‐square deviation values are 0.51 ± 0.35 and 1.23 ± 0.29 Å for backbone and all heavy atoms, respectively. The VrD1 structure comprises a triple‐stranded antiparallel β‐sheet, an α‐helix, and a 310 helix stabilized by four disulfide bonds, forming a typical cysteine‐stabilized αβ motif. Among plant defensins of known structure, VrD1 is the first to contain a 310 helix. Glu26 is highly conserved among defensins; VrD1 contains an arginine at this position, which may induce a shift in the orientation of Trp10, thereby promoting the formation of this 310 helix. Moreover, VrD1 inhibits Tenebrio molitor α‐amylase. α‐Amylase has an essential role in the digestion of plant starch in the insect gut, and expression of the common bean α‐amylase inhibitor 1 in transgenic pea imparts complete resistance against bruchids. These results imply that VrD1 insecticidal activity has its basis in the inhibition of a polysaccharide hydrolase. Sequence and structural comparisons between two groups of plant defensins having different specificity toward insect α‐amylase reveal that the loop between β2 and β3 is the probable binding site for the α‐amylase. Computational docking experiments were used to study VrD1–α‐amylase interactions, and these results provide information that may be used to improve the insecticidal activity of VrD1. Proteins 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Löwdin population analysis with and without rotational invariance
Authors: Bruhn George , Davidson Ernest R. , Mayer Istvan , Clark Aurora E. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractTheoretical arguments and calculations are presented concerning atomic orbital‐based population analyses, as well as the way they are affected by rigid rotation of the molecule. It was recently shown that the Löwdin distribution of atomic charges (atomic populations computed in a Löwdin‐orthogonalized basis) is, in general, not rotationally invariant unless an initial atom‐centered basis of pure spherical harmonics is used or the atomic orbitals on the same atom are pre‐orthogonalized. In the present work, we compare the effect of linear transformations of the initial basis on charges within a series of organic, transition metal, and actinide compounds that have been computed in a basis containing either the Cartesian 6d and 10f orbitals or the pure spherical harmonics (5d, 7f components), respectively. Löwdin populations obtained without pre‐orthogonalization are orientationally dependent when computed in the 6d‐, 10f‐component basis and the asymmetric distribution of the Löwdin atomic charges among symmetry‐equivalent atoms is observed. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2006
Quantum wave packet calculation of reaction probabilities, cross sections, and rate constants for H+ + LiH → Li + H reaction
Authors: Gögtas Fahrettin 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe H+ + LiH → Li + H reactive scattering has been studied using a quantum real wave packet method. The state‐to‐state and state‐to‐all reaction probabilities for the entitled collision have been calculated at zero total angular momentum. The probabilities for J > 0 are estimated from the J = 0 results by using J‐shifting approximation based on the Capture model. The integral cross sections and thermal rate constants are then calculated. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2006
Rural Surgery in Southern Sudan
Authors: Meo Giuseppe , Andreone Dario , De Bonis Umberto , Cometto Giorgio , Enrico Stefano , Giustetto Guido , Kiss Alberto , Landra Marino , Palmas Maria , Sacchi Laura , Taliente Peter , Vergnano Guido 
Published: March 2006

AbstractIntroductionThis article reports a retrospective analysis of a 6‐year experience of providing surgical care in remote areas of southern Sudan under extremely adverse conditions.MethodsTeams of expatriate consultants (surgeon, anesthetist, scrub nurse) carried out 28 “surgical missions” with the aims of treating surgical cases previously selected and of training local personnel in basic surgery on the job.ResultsA total of 1642 patients (71% males, 30% under the age of 16) have undergone an operation. Altogether, 1264 elective procedures (77%) and 378 emergency procedures (23%) were performed. Hernia surgery comprised the main workload, followed by proctologic and gynecologic operations. Most operations were performed under spinal anesthesia. Other cases required ketamine, and a small number of patients had local anesthesia. There were 14 fatal complications, most of them related to the delay in obtaining medical attention. Based on the training results, the Sudanese personnel of two of the five health centers involved in the program are already fully autonomous. Two doctors and two nurses are proficient in essential surgery; two not qualified nurses are proficient in “primary” anesthesia; and others are proficient in scrubbing and surgical nursing.ConclusionsThis report demonstrates that it is feasible to establish surgical services in rural areas of developing countries by utilizing simple facilities, providing them with basic equipment, and employing local personnel selected and trained on the job by teams composed of a consultant surgeon, anesthetist, and scrub nurse. This seems to be the only realistic possibility for providing surgical care to the rural populations of the least developed countries.