bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relatedness mapping and tracts of relatedness for genome‐wide data in the presence of linkage disequilibrium
Authors: Albrechtsen Anders , Sand Korneliussen Thorfinn , Moltke Ida , van Overseem Hansen Thomas , Nielsen Finn Cilius , Nielsen Rasmus 
Published: November 2008

AbstractEstimates of relatedness have several applications such as the identification of relatives or in identifying disease related genes through identity by descent (IBD) mapping. Here we present a new method for identifying IBD tracts among individuals from genome‐wide single nucleotide polymorphisms data. We use a continuous time Markov model where the hidden states are the number of alleles shared IBD between pairs of individuals at a given position. In contrast to previous methods, our method accurately accounts for linkage disequilibrium using pairwise haplotype probabilities. The method provides a map of the local relatedness along the genome. We illustrate the potential of the method for mapping disease genes on a real data set, and show that the method has the potential to map causative disease mutations using only a handful of affected individuals. The new IBD mapping method provides considerable improvement in mapping power in natural populations compared to standard association mapping methods. Genet. Epidemiol. 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Generalized linear modeling with regularization for detecting common disease rare haplotype association
Authors: Guo Wei , Lin Shili 
Published: November 2008

AbstractWhole genome association studies (WGAS) have surged in popularity in recent years as technological advances have made large‐scale genotyping more feasible and as new exciting results offer tremendous hope and optimism. The logic of WGAS rests upon the common disease/common variant (CD/CV) hypothesis. Detection of association under the common disease/rare variant (CD/RV) scenario is much harder, and the current practices of WGAS may be under‐power without large enough sample sizes. In this article, we propose a generalized linear model with regularization (rGLM) approach for detecting disease‐haplotype association using unphased single nucleotide polymorphisms data that is applicable to both CD/CV and CD/RV scenarios. We borrow a dimension‐reduction method from the data mining and statistical learning literature, but use it for the purpose of weeding out haplotypes that are not associated with the disease so that the associated haplotypes, especially those that are rare, can stand out and be accounted for more precisely. By using high‐dimensional data analysis techniques, which are frequently employed in microarray analyses, interacting effects among haplotypes in different blocks can be investigated without much concern about the sample size being overwhelmed by the number of haplotype combinations. Our simulation study demonstrates the gain in power for detecting associations with moderate sample sizes. For detecting association under CD/RV, regression type methods such as that implemented in hapassoc may fail to provide coefficient estimates for rare associated haplotypes, resulting in a loss of power compared to rGLM. Furthermore, our results indicate that rGLM can uncover the associated variants much more frequently than can hapassoc.Genet. Epidemiol. 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An experimental investigation on spreading of droplets with evaporation and nucleation
Authors: Lu Gui , Peng Xiao‐Feng , Wang Xiao‐Dong 
Published: November 2008

AbstractAn experimental investigation was conducted to visually observe the dynamic characteristics of water droplets with evaporation and nucleation on stainless steel and polished silicon surfaces. The water droplet diameter, contact area, and spreading speed were measured using a high‐speed CCD camera at surface temperatures ranging from 110°C to 190°C, and a model was proposed to describe the dynamic behavior of droplet spreading. The spreading of water droplets under evaporation and nucleate boiling is highly dependent on the dynamic bubble behavior in the droplets, particularly bubble volume, bubble interaction, as well as the surface properties and temperature. Water droplets were easiest to spread at the surface temperature of 130 °C, and the spreading tendency increased with increasing surface coarseness. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/htj.20231
Behaviour and mechanism of enhanced phosphate sorption on loess modified with metals: equilibrium study
Authors: Li Zhenze , Tang Xiaowu , Chen Yunmin , Wang Yan 
Published: November 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND:Phosphate is one of the main contaminants responsible for the eutrophication of surface waters. In developing countries, algae blooming in lakes have threatened the quality of drinking water due to the lack of proper management of phosphate‐containing wastewaters from mining sites and industry.MAJOR RESULTS:The sorption behaviour of phosphate on loess modified by metals (Zn(II), Cu(II) and Pb(II)) was investigated in this paper. Zn(II) and Cu(II) sorption on the loess was attributed to the constituent silicate minerals while the sorption of Pb(II) was assigned to natural carbonate in the loess. The sorption affinity of phosphate towards the modified sorbent was as follows: Pb(II) (221.3–832.2 L g−1) > Cu(II) (20.26 L g−1) > Zn(II) (0.77–1.90 L g−1) > loess (0.11 L g−1) with regard to the partition coefficient. The sorption isotherms were well fitted by an extended Henry's law with multi‐linearity. Several factors including metal loading, pH, sorbent dosage and temperature were investigated and all were found to correlate positively with phosphate sorption. The enthalpy and entropy changes during phosphate sorption on Pb(II) loaded loess were predicted as 14.32 kJ mol−1and 128.45 J mol−1K−1, respectively. The sorption mechanism for phosphate on Pb(II) doped loess was investigated by FT‐IR spectra from which the sorption was attributed to chemical bonding with lead carbonate and physisorption with surface adsorbed phosphate as well as diffusion through micropores into the sorbent.CONCLUSIONS:Pb(II) loaded loess shows the best performance for phosphate removal from aqueous solution. The optimum conditions for sorption were pH = 9.5, lead modified loess sorbent dosage = 10 g L−1, temperature = 35 °C and Pb(II) loading 295 mg g−1. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Impact of rapid enterovirus molecular diagnosis on the management of infants, children, and adults with aseptic meningitis
Authors: Archimbaud C. , Chambon M. , Bailly J. L. , Petit I. , Henquell C. , Mirand A. , Aublet‐Cuvelier B. , Ughetto S. , Beytout J. , Clavelou P. , Labbé A. , Philippe P. , Schmidt J. , Regagnon C. , Traore O. , Peigue‐Lafeuille H. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractEnteroviruses (EV) are the main etiological agents of aseptic meningitis. Diagnosis is made by detecting the genome using RT‐PCR. The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of a positive diagnosis on the management of infants, children, and adults. During 2005, 442 patients were admitted to hospital with suspected meningitis. Clinical and laboratory data and initial treatment were recorded for all patients with enteroviral meningitis. The turnaround time of tests and the length of hospital stay were analyzed. The results showed that EV‐PCR detected EV in 69 patients (16%), 23% (16/69) were adults. About 18% of CSF samples had no pleocytosis. After positive PCR results, 63% of children were discharged immediately (mean 2 hr 30 min) and 95% within 24 hr. Infants and adults were discharged later (after 1.8 and 2 days, respectively). The use of antibiotics was significantly lower in children than in infants and adults. The PCR results allowed discontinuation of antibiotics in 50–60% of all patients treated. Patients received acyclovir in 16% of cases (7% children vs. 50% adults) and 23% (11% vs. 69%) underwent a CT scan. Clinical data were compared between patients whose positive EV‐PCR results were available within 24 hr (n = 32) and those whose results were available > 24 hr after collection of CSF (n = 14). Duration of antibiotic treatment (difference: 2.3 days; P = 0.05) was reduced between the two groups. No statistical difference in the length of stay was observed. The EV‐PCR assay should be performed daily in hospital laboratory practice and considered as part of the initial management of meningitis. J. Med. Virol. 81:42–48, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Increased frequency of CD56Bright NK‐cells, CD3−CD16+CD56− NK‐cells and activated CD4+T‐cells or B‐cells in parallel with CD4+CDC25High T‐cells control potentially viremia in blood donors with HCV
Authors: Zarife Maria Alice Sant'Anna , Reis Eliana Almeida Gomes , Carmo Theomira Mauadie Azevedo , Lopes Gisele Barreto , Brandão Emilia Carolina Malafaia , Silva Helder Reis , Santana Nelma , Martins‐Filho Olindo Assis , Reis Mitermayer Galvão 
Published: November 2008

AbstractA detailed phenotypic analysis of major and minor circulating lymphocyte subsets is described in potential blood donors with markers of hepatitis C virus (HCV), including non‐viremic and viremic groups. Although there were no changes in the hematological profile of either group, increased the levels of pre‐NK cells (CD3−CD16+CD56−) and a lower frequency of mature NK cells (CD3−CD16+CD56+) characterized innate immunity in the non‐viremic group. Both non‐viremic and viremic groups displayed significantly increased levels of CD56Bright NK cells. Furthermore, this subset was significantly elevated in the viremic subgroup with a low viral load. In addition, an increase in the NKT2 subset was observed only in this subgroup. An enhanced frequency of activated CD4+ T‐cells (CD4+HLA‐DR+) was a characteristic feature of the non‐viremic group, whereas elevated CD19+ B‐cells and CD19+CD86+ cell populations were the major phenotypic features of the viremic group, particularly in individuals with a low viral load. Although CD4+CD25High T‐cells were significantly elevated in both the viremic and non‐viremic groups, it was particularly evident in the viremic low viral load subgroup. A parallel increase in CD4+CD25High T‐cells, pre‐NK, and activated CD4+ T‐cells was observed in the non‐viremic group, whereas a parallel increase in CD4+CD25High T‐cells and CD19+ B‐cells was characteristic of the low viral load subgroup. These findings suggest that CD56Bright NK cells, together with pre‐NK cells and activated CD4+ T‐cells in combination with CD4+CD25High T‐cells, might play an important role in controlling viremia. Elevated CD56Bright NK cells, B‐cell responses and a T‐regulated immunological profile appeared to be associated with a low viral load. J. Med. Virol. 81:49–59, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Molecular epidemiology of circulating measles virus in Ireland 2002–2007
Authors: Carr Michael J. , Conway Aileen , Waters Allison , Moran Joanne , Hassan Jaythoon , Hall William W. , Connell Jeff 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThe molecular characterization of measles virus (MeV) is a valuable epidemiological tool to monitor virus transmission and to discriminate between imported and endemic infection. There has been significant immigration into Ireland in recent years and many individuals originate from regions of high measles incidence. Ireland has had a number of outbreaks of MeV which appear attributable to sub‐optimal vaccine uptake and possibly imported strains as new genotypes have been identified in recent years. To ascertain any significant changes in circulating measles genotypes we investigated 65 confirmed measles cases between the years 2002 and 2007. The laboratory diagnosis of measles was confirmed by detection of measles‐specific IgM in oral fluid in conjunction with a real‐time polymerase chain reaction assay targeting the MeV hemagglutinin gene. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 3′ hypervariable region of the nucleoprotein gene was performed and three genotypes, all within measles clade D, were found to be circulating during this time period. In 2002 and 2003, genotype D8 (n = 2) was observed whereas genotype D7 was dominant in 2003 (n = 31). A distinct change in the circulating MeV genotype and increased genetic diversity was observed between 2004 and 2007. All cases were within genotype D4 (n = 32) but were phylogenetically distinct from each other. These data provide important epidemiologic baseline information on MeV in Ireland and facilitates detailed examination of measles transmission. J. Med. Virol. 81:125–129, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Respiratory syncytial virus infection in children admitted to hospital but ventilated mechanically for other reasons
Authors: von Renesse Anja , Schildgen Oliver , Klinkenberg Dennis , Müller Andreas , von Moers Arpad , Simon Arne ,   for the DSM RSV Study Group
Published: November 2008

AbstractOne thousand five hundred sixty‐eight RSV infections were documented prospectively in 1,541 pediatric patients. Of these, 20 (1.3%) had acquired the RSV infection while treated by mechanical ventilation for reasons other than the actual RSV infection (group ventilated mechanically). The clinical characteristics of children who were infected with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection while ventilated mechanically for other reasons are described and compared with a matched control group. Sixty percent of the group ventilated mechanically had at least one additional risk factor for a severe course of infection (prematurity 50%, chronic lung disease 20%, congenital heart disease 35%, immunodeficiency 20%). The median age at diagnosis in the group ventilated mechanically was 4.2 months. The matched pairs analysis (group ventilated mechanically vs. control group) revealed a higher proportion of patients with hypoxemia and apnoea in the group ventilated mechanically; more patients in the control group showed symptoms of airway obstruction (wheezing). At least one chest radiography was performed in 95% of the patients (n = 19) in the group ventilated mechanically versus 45% (n = 9) in the control group (P = 0.001). The frequency of pneumonia was 40% in the group ventilated mechanically and 20% in the control group. Despite existing consensus recommendations, only two patients (10%) of the group ventilated mechanically had received palivizumab previously. Significantly more patients in the group ventilated mechanically received antibiotic treatment (85% vs. 45%, P = 0.008), and attributable mortality was higher in the group ventilated mechanically (15% [n = 3] vs. 0% in the control group, P = 0.231). Children treated by long term mechanical ventilation may acquire RSV infection by transmission by droplets or caregivers and face an increased risk of a severe course of RSV infection. The low rate of immunoprophylaxis in this particular risk group should be improved. J. Med. Virol. 81:160–166, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Development and implementation of a molecular diagnostic platform for daily rapid detection of 15 respiratory viruses
Authors: Tiveljung‐Lindell Annika , Rotzén‐Östlund Maria , Gupta Shawon , Ullstrand Richard , Grillner Lena , Zweygberg‐Wirgart Benita , Allander Tobias 
Published: November 2008

AbstractAcute respiratory tract infections are caused by a large number of viruses. Diagnostic methods have until recently been available only for a limited number of these viruses. With the objective to achieve sensitive assays for all respiratory viruses, a rational workflow in the laboratory, and a short turn‐around time, a real‐time PCR diagnostic platform for daily rapid detection of 15 respiratory viruses was developed. The system was evaluated on 585 stored nasopharyngeal aspirates from hospitalized children. Previous analysis by immunofluorescence and virus isolation identified viruses in 37% of the samples while the new PCR diagnostic panel detected 57% virus positive samples. The new platform was introduced in the laboratory in October 2007 and has then fully replaced the standard immunofluorescence assay for rapid detection of viruses and virus isolation. J. Med. Virol. 81:167–175, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The N‐terminal domain of GPR61, an orphan G‐protein‐coupled receptor, is essential for its constitutive activity
Authors: Toyooka Masaru , Tujii Takashi , Takeda Shigeki 
Published: November 2008

AbstractG‐protein‐coupled receptor 61 (GPR61) is an orphan receptor that is abundantly expressed in the brain, which suggests its involvement in various physiological functions in the central nervous system. It couples with Gs and shows constitutive activity. To investigate the role of the N‐terminal segment in the constitutive activity of GPR61, we measured [35S]GTPγS binding using a GPR61‐Gs fusion protein and derivatives that had a deletion or alanine mutation in the N‐terminal segment. We found that deletion of the N‐terminal 25 amino acids and the V19A mutation in GPR61 impaired its constitutive activity. Moreover, the loss of the constitutive activity of the mutants could be restored by adding a fusion protein containing a C‐terminal CD8 single transmembrane domain and the N‐terminal 48‐amino‐acid segment of GPR61, i.e., CD8‐48. We conclude that the N‐terminal domain of GPR61 is required for maintaining its constitutive activity and functions as a tethered intramolecular ligand. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prophylaxis of infection and effects on osseointegration using a tobramycin‐periapatite coating on titanium implants—An experimental study in the rabbit
Authors: Moojen Dirk Jan F. , Vogely H. Charles , Fleer André , Nikkels Peter G.J. , Higham Paul A. , Verbout Abraham J. , Castelein René M. , Dhert Wouter J.A. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractNo options are available for local antibiotic delivery from uncemented implants. By loading a porous titanium implant with a biomimetic HA‐coating (PeriApatite, PA) with antibiotics, we could obtain adequate local antibiotic concentrations and reduce infection susceptibility. This study investigated the efficacy of a tobramycin‐loaded PA‐coated titanium foam implant in preventing infection, as well as the effects on osseointegration. In 72 New Zealand White rabbits, an uncoated (Ti), PA‐coated (PA), or Tobramycin‐PA‐coated (PA‐tobra) titanium foam rod was implanted intramedullary in the left tibiae after contamination of the implant bed with none (control), 103, 104 or 105 CFU Staphylococcus aureus. PA‐tobra implants were loaded with 2.4 mg tobramycin. After 28 days analysis was done by bacteriology, histopathology and histomorphometry. Six percent of the contaminated PA‐tobra rabbits were infected, whereas this was 53 and 67% for PA and Ti, respectively (p < 0.001). Quantitative cultures were also significantly lower in the PA‐tobra group (p = 0.003). None of the control rabbits were infected. Histopathological and histomorphometrical scores were both better for the PA‐tobra group, although only significant compared to Ti. No significant differences were observed between PA and Ti rabbits. We conclude that the application of tobramycin to PA‐coated titanium foam implants appears to be an effective local antibiotic strategy for uncemented implants for infection prophylaxis and has a beneficial effect on implant fixation, which will result in improved long‐term implant survival. © 2008 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 27: 710–716, 2009
Effects of soil properties on the kinetics of desorption of phosphate from Alfisols by anion‐exchange resins
Authors: Nafiu Abdu 
Published: November 2008

AbstractPhosphorus‐desorption rates by anion‐exchange resins were best described by three empirical kinetic models: Elovich equation, the parabolic diffusion equation, and the fractional power equation in that order. The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between kinetic rate constants from Elovich, fractional power, and parabolic rate equations and soil physical and chemical properties from soils of different lithogenic origins from the Nigerian savanna. Phosphorus‐desorption patterns included an initial fast reaction, followed by a slow release that continued up to 20 h. Particle diffusion was observed to be the rate‐limiting step in the kinetic desorption of native P in the soils studied as opposed to ligand exchange or surface reaction. The influence of parent material is not prominent due to long history of pedogenesis over the soils. The rate coefficients from the Elovich equation, parabolic diffusion equation, and the fractional power model were best predicted from clay, pH, and extractable Al and Fe oxides and therefore exert a profound influence on the rate of P release from the soils. These soil properties together explained between 93% and 99% of the variance in the rate coefficients of P desorption from the soils.
Analysis of alizarin by surface‐enhanced and FT‐Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Baran A. , Wrzosek B. , Bukowska J. , Proniewicz L. M. , Baranska M. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThis paper presents the application of Raman spectroscopy (RS) for the structural study of alizarin adsorbed on a metallic surface. As a biologically active molecule, alizarin has remarkable antigenotoxic activity like other anthraquinone dyes. Alizarin is highly fluorescent and that limits the application of RS as an investigation method; however, the Fourier transform‐RS (FTRS) can be applied since the near‐infrared excitation line lies far away from the absorption region of alizarin. The surface enhanced‐RS (SERS) technique also makes the fluorescence quenching possible. In this work, monolayers of alizarin were deposited on the surface of an electrode by the immersion of silver substrates in methanolic solution of the analyte. From such prepared samples, by using the excitation of 488, 514.5 and 647.1 nm the Raman spectra were registered. Depending on the excitation line, SERS or surface‐enhanced resonance Raman scattering (SERRS) spectra of alizarin were observed. The interpretation of experimental data was supported by theoretical calculations. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Temperature Dependence of Sol‐Gel Conversion Kinetics in Gelatin‐Water System
Authors: Chen Kai , Vyazovkin Sergey 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThe conversion kinetics of an aqueous gelatin solution to gel was studied by temperature modulated and regular DSC under isothermal and continuous cooling conditions. Isothermal runs revealed a decrease in the quasi‐static heat capacity primarily associated with syneresis (phase separation) of the gel. Above 19 °C the isothermal process demonstrated negative effective activation energy that turned positive below 14 °C. Continuous cooling runs detected a reversing heat flow apparently related to the continuing formation and melting of new gel structures. Isoconversional kinetic analysis of continuous cooling measurements yielded negative activation energy for the whole range of conversions and temperatures suggesting that nucleation remained a rate controlling step throughout the whole gelation process.magnified image
Interface modification of polymer stabilized cholesteric liquid crystal
Authors: Sun Ka Ram , Woo Ju Yeon , Cho Yeong Hee , Kim Byung Kyu 
Published: November 2008

AbstractFilms were made by incorporating various quantities of fluoroalkyl acrylate (FA) into the chain termini of polyurethane acrylate oligomer of polymer stabilized cholesteric liquid crystals (PSCLCs). The effects of switching voltage, scanning electron and polarized optical microscope morphologies, texture transition and reversibility, and contact angle of the films were then studied. It was found that the switching voltage of the film decreased with the addition of FA up to 0.8 wt%, beyond which it increased. The decrease and increase were respectively explained in terms of decreased interface energy as noted from the contact angle of the LC on polymer surface, and too small droplet size as noted from the SEM. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.