bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The analysis of the channel flow sensitivity to the parameters of the k–ε method
Authors: Błazik‐Borowa Ewa 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThis paper deals with the problem of using sensitivity analysis for fluid mechanics solutions to the constants of the standard k–ε method for 2D, incompressible and steady flows. The problem is described and analysed on the basis of a channel flow. Sensitivity coefficients of the following properties were determined: a pressure, two components of a velocity, a turbulence kinetic energy, a dissipation rate of turbulence kinetic energy and a turbulence dynamic viscosity. The calculated property values depend on five model constants that are parameters of the sensitivity analysis in this paper. Sensitivity coefficients are derivatives of the above properties, for individual parameters. In this paper these coefficients are determined using a finite difference approximation to the sensitivities coefficients.The author of this paper compares three models of the boundary layer with regard to the sensitivity of properties to the parameters. Irrespective of the boundary layer model used here, the analysis of sensitivity coefficients for the channel flow properties shows that the most sensitive property is the turbulence dissipation rate. Next properties of consequence, although of significantly smaller values of sensitivity coefficients, are the turbulence viscosity and the turbulence kinetic energy. All flow properties are mostly sensitive to the Cµ parameter. One of the final conclusions in this paper is that the analysis of sensitivity coefficient fields allows the reliable checking of results and indicates those areas most prone to calculation difficulties. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Projection method for flows with large local density gradients: Application to dendritic solidification
Authors: Heinrich J. C. , Sajja U. K. , Felicelli S. D. , Westra D. G. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractNumerical models of solidification including a mushy zone are notoriously inefficient; most of them are based on formulations that require the coupled solution to the velocity components in the momentum equation greatly restricting the range of applicability of the models. Initial attempts at modeling directional solidification in the presence of a developing mushy zone using a projection formulation encountered difficulties once solidification starts, which were traced to the inability of the method to deal with large local density differences in the vicinity of the fluid–mush interface. A modified formulation of the projection method has been developed that maintains the coupling between the body force and the pressure gradient and is presented in this work. This formulation is shown to be robust and extremely efficient; reducing very significantly the necessary storage and the computational time required for the simulation of problems involving very large meshes when compared with previously published data. This is illustrated in this work through its application to simulations involving a Pb–Sn alloy. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High accuracy time and space transform method for advection–diffusion equation in an unbounded domain
Authors: Chen Suqin , Wu Xionghua , Wang Yingwei , Kong Weibin 
Published: April 2008

AbstractA new numerical method called high accuracy time and space transform method (TSTM) is introduced to solve the advection–diffusion equation in an unbounded domain. By a spatial transform, the advection–diffusion equation in the unbounded domain Rn is converted to one on the bounded domain [−1, 1]n, and the Laplace transform is applied to eliminate time dependency. The consequent boundary value problem is solved by collocation on Chebyshev points. To face the well‐known computational challenge represented by the numerical inversion of the Laplace transform, Talbot's method is applied, consisting of numerically integrating the Bromwich integral on a special contour by means of trapezoidal or midpoint rules. Numerical experiments illustrate that TSTM has exponential rate in time and space. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Psychotherapy termination: clinical and ethical responsibilities
Authors: Vasquez Melba J. T. , Bingham Rosie P. , Barnett Jeffrey E. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe successful termination of the psychotherapy relationship is each psychotherapist's goal. Yet, a number of circumstances may arise that interfere with the successful completion and termination of treatment. This article addresses both termination and abandonment and illustrates the applicable guidelines and standards from the American Psychological Association's (2002) Ethics Code. We conclude with 12 recommendations for proactively addressing termination and abandonment consistent with professional standards and each patient's best interests. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol:In Session 64: 653–665, 2008.
Prevalence and correlates of everyday discrimination among U.S. Latinos
Authors: Pérez Debra Joy , Fortuna Lisa , Alegría Margarita 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThis study reports on the prevalence and correlates of perceived discrimination among a national sample of Latinos in the United States. Understanding the prevalence and correlates of discrimination can help us better address disparities in the health care system. The authors define perceived discrimination as self‐reported everyday experiences of unfair treatment. Logistic regression analyses were used to assess rates of perceived discrimination among Latinos and identify correlates of discrimination. Data came from the National Latino and Asian American Study (NLAAS). The prevalence of perceived discrimination among Latinos was 30%. Cubans and Latinos with high ethnic identity were less likely to perceive discrimination compared to other Latino subgroups or Latinos with low ethnic identity. American‐born Latinos and Latinos arriving in the United States at younger ages were more likely to perceive discrimination compared to immigrants arriving at older ages. Perceived discrimination among Latinos is less prevalent than what has been reported for other minorities. Variations in perceived discrimination are related to sociodemographic and cultural differences across ethnic subgroups. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The meaning of home for runaway girls
Authors: Peled Einat , Muzicant Amit 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThis naturalistic qualitative study examines the concept of “home” for runaway girls. Through the “home story” of girls who run away from home, the authors hoped to understand the many facets of home, as well as broaden the existing knowledge‐base about the phenomenon of adolescent runaway girls. Data consisted of in‐depth interviews with 15 girls aged 13 to 21. The findings attest to the complex perception of home by participants as both existing and not existing. In essence, the meanings of home for them were related to its absence. The discussion centers on the psychological understanding of the meaning of home as a mental construct that is a part of the personality and on the shaping of the meaning of home by social norms and structures. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
How nonclinical are community samples?
Authors: Thurston Idia B. , Curley Jessica , Fields Sherecce , Kamboukos Dimitra , Rojas Ariz , Phares Vicky 
Published: April 2008

AbstractMental health services are underutilized in our society by both adults and children. This finding presents a potential problem for researchers conducting community‐based research. Previous studies have demonstrated that community‐based researchers frequently do not screen participants for the presence of psychopathology nor do they ascertain whether therapeutic services are currently utilized. The present study explored the prevalence of psychopathology and treatment involvement in a sample of families recruited from the community. Results indicated that a fifth of the participants in this community‐based sample met diagnostic criteria for a psychiatric disorder or were in treatment for psychological difficulties at the time of recruitment for this study. Furthermore, mothers, fathers, and adolescents who met the criteria according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM‐IV; American Psychiatric Association, 1994) for a psychological disorder had higher symptomatology than those who did not meet criteria. Methodological suggestions are provided. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Gender differences in the relational health of youth participating in a social competency program
Authors: Liang Belle , Tracy Allison , Kenny Maureen , Brogan Deirdre 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThis study is designed to explore the effects of previous participation in Open Circle: Social Competency Program (SCP) on the relational health of 153 Caucasian middle school students who reported having recent and consecutive exposure to the program in elementary school. SCP is designed to foster social skills among children that enable them to communicate better, work out conflicts, and build stronger relationships. Our study shows a consistent pattern of evidence that sustained participation in SCP during elementary school encourages the development of quality relationships with peer friends, mentors, and communities among boys as they start into their middle school years. This pattern is not as consistent among girls, who tend to develop relationships of relatively high quality (e.g., those characterized by authenticity, mutual engagement, empowerment, and the ability to deal with differences within the relationship in a way that fosters growth) even in the absence of or minimal participation in SCP. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Natural mentoring under the microscope: an investigation of mentoring relationships and latino adolescents' academic performance
Authors: Sánchez Bernadette , Esparza Patricia , Colón Yarí 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe current study examined the role of natural mentoring relationships in the academic performance of urban, diverse, Latino high school students. Participants reported up to three mentors in their lives, and they were asked about their mentors' demographic characteristics and the characteristics of their mentoring relationships. The presence of a mentor was associated with fewer absences, higher educational expectations, and greater expectancies for success and sense of school belonging. Further, the number of reported mentors predicted fewer absences, higher educational expectations and a greater sense of school belonging. Mentors' educational level, frequency of contact, relationship duration, and total form of support provided by mentors were related to participants' academic outcomes. Mentor type also made a difference in youth's academic outcomes. Implications for future mentoring research and programs are discussed. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Adolescent depression and school social support: a multilevel analysis of a Finnish sample
Authors: Ellonen Noora , Kääriäinen Juha , Autio Ville 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThis study invokes the ecological approach to social support by examining how school social support relates to moderate or severe adolescent depression. School is seen as not only a place for supportive individual‐level relationships, but also as a source of community support created by teachers and other students. The main purpose of the study is to examine whether school‐level social support is related to adolescent depression and, if so, how much of the school‐level differences in moderate or severe adolescent depression can be explained by school social support? The study is based on data included in the Finnish School Health Promotion Survey, which covers about 70% of Finnish 14‐ to 16‐year‐old adolescents. The data were collected in 2002–2003 and the analysis was conducted by employing multilevel logistic regression analysis. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Production of silver‐doped analcime by isomorphous substitution technique
Authors: Kwakye‐Awuah B. , Radecka I. , Kenward M. A. , Williams C. D. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: Metal‐exchanged zeolites have been reported to have significant limitations on cayalytic activity, such as counterbalancing the negative framework charges and limitation of active space. Alternative methods of incorporating silver ions into the framework of zeolites are therefore necessary. This paper reports on a technique for producing silver doped analcime by isomorphous substitution of silver ion into the framework of analcime. The amount of aluminium in the gel composition was reduced by a factor of 5%, 10% and 20% and an equivalent amount of silver was added to the gel and treated in a conventional manner for zeolite crystallisation. Some of the aluminium in the reaction gel was replaced with the silver. The silver‐doped analcime samples where characterised by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X‐rays (EDX), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and inductively coupled plasma‐atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP‐AES) analysis.RESULTS: The amount of silver ions loaded for each reduction of aluminium as determined by EDX were found to be (w/w) 0.29%, 1.41% and 2.10%, respectively. XRD pattern SEM images of the silver‐doped analcime showed the presence of zeolite P in addition to analcime.CONCLUSION: Silver‐doped analcime was successfully produced with different silver loadings and may exhibit higher anti‐microbial activities than silver‐exchanged counterparts. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of loading rate on TOC consumption efficiency in a sulfate reducing process: sulfide effect in batch culture
Authors: García‐Saucedo Citlali , Fernández Francisco J. , Buitrón Germán , Cuervo‐López Flor M. , Gómez Jorge 
Published: April 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: The sulfate reducing process (SRP) was analyzed in order to identify factors that diminish the effectiveness of the SRP during wastewater treatment. The effect of different sulfate loading rates (SLR, 290 to 981 mg SO4‐S L−1d−1) and lactate at a stoichiometric C/S ratio of 0.75 on SRP was studied in an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor. The effect of sulfide concentration (0 to 200 mg sulfide‐S L−1) on SRP in batch culture was evaluated.RESULTS: When the SLR was increased, the total organic carbon (TOC) and sulfate consumption efficiencies decreased from 93% ± 3 to 66% ± 2 and 60% ± 5 to 45% ± 4, respectively. Acetate and propionate were accumulated. Microbial analysis showed the presence of microorganisms related with the SRP, fermentation and methanogenesis. In batch culture, when lactate and sulfate were present, SRP and fermentation were observed. When sulfide was added only SRP was observed. At concentrations higher than 150 mg sulfide‐S L−1 the efficiencies, yields and specific consumption rates (q) decreased.CONCLUSION: Based on the sulfide‐S/volatile suspended solid ratio, it was found that the decrease in efficiency and accumulation of acetate and propionate in the UASB reactor was not related to sulfide inhibition but to the q of acetate and propionate, which were up to 11 times lower than lactate. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Depolymerization of poly(ethylene terephthalate) in dilute aqueous ammonia solution under hydrothermal conditions
Authors: Zenda Kentaro , Funazukuri Toshitaka 
Published: April 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: Various methods, such as glycolysis, methanolysis, and hydrolysis with supercritical water, have been investigated for chemical recycling of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), which is used in large quantities for beverage containers. However, a more effective process is needed.RESULTS: PET was depolymerized in aqueous ammonia in a batch reactor and a semi‐batch reactor over a temperature range 463 to 573 K, at a pressure 10 MPa, and with up to 3 mol L−1 ammonia. Total organic carbon in the product solution and yields of the major products such as terephthalic acid (TPA) and ethylene glycol (EG) were measured. The PET pellet sample was thoroughly solubilized in aqueous ammonia under hydrothermal conditions, and more than 90% of the initial PET samples were recovered as TPA + EG on a carbon weight basis. Depolymerization rates were represented by 2/3‐order reaction kinetics with respect to unreacted PET, where the reaction took place on the PET pellet surface. The rate increased slightly with increasing ammonia concentration.CONCLUSION: Ammonia was effective for depolymerization of PET, allowing the recovery of TPA and EG under hydrothermal conditions. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Exact boundary observability for nonautonomous first‐order quasilinear hyperbolic systems
Authors: Guo Lina , Wang Zhiqiang 
Published: April 2008

AbstractBy means of the theory on the semiglobal C1 solution to the mixed initial‐boundary value problem for first‐order quasilinear hyperbolic systems, we establish the local exact boundary observability for general nonautonomous first‐order quasilinear hyperbolic systems without zero eigenvalues and reveal the essential difference between nonautonomous hyperbolic systems and autonomous hyperbolic systems. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and complete assignment of the 1H and 13C NMR signals of some oxopyrancoumarin and oxofuropyrancoumarin derivatives
Authors: Quezada Elías , Delogu Giovanna , Viña Dolores , Santana Lourdes , Picciau Carmen , Podda Gianni , Uriarte Eugenio 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe synthesis of four pyranocoumarins starting from phloroglucinol and the complete 1H and 13C NMR assignment of seven pyranocoumarins has been performed using 1D and 2D NMR techniques including COSY, HMQC and HMBC experiments. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A 13C solid‐state NMR analysis of steroid compounds
Authors: Yang Jen‐Hsien , Ho Yu , Tzou Der‐Lii M. 
Published: April 2008

Abstract13C CP/MAS solid‐state NMR spectroscopy has been utilized to analyze six steroid compounds, namely testosterone (Tes), hydrocortisone (Cor), trans‐dehydroandrosterone (Adr), prednisolone (Prd), prednisone (Pre) and estradiol (Est). Among them, Tes displays a doublet pattern for all residues, whereas Prd, Pre and Est, exhibit exclusively singlets. For Cor and Adr, the 13C spectra contain both doublet and singlet patterns. The 13C doublet signal, with splittings of 0.2–1.5 ppm, are ascribed to local differences in the ring conformations associated with polymorphism. We have assigned all of the 13C resonances to the different residues in these steroid compounds on the basis of solution NMR data. The C‐7, C‐8, C‐10, C‐15 and C‐16 residues of Tes, Cor and Adr consistently give rise to singlets or doublets with splittings of less than 0.5 ppm, indicating similar local conformations. Accompanying hydration and dehydration processes, a reversible phase transformation between δ‐ and α‐crystal forms has been observed in Tes, corresponding to singlet and doublet 13C patterns, respectively. To further characterize the ring conformations in the α‐form, we have successfully extracted chemical shift tensor elements for the 13C doublets. It is demonstrated that 13C solid‐state NMR spectroscopy provides a reliable and sensitive means of characterizing polymorphism in steroids. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Expression of short‐form oncostatin M receptor as a decoy receptor in lung adenocarcinomas
Authors: Chen DR , Chu C‐Y , Chen C‐Y , Yang H‐C , Chiang Y‐Y , Lin T‐Y , Chiang I‐P , Chuang D‐Y , Yu C‐C , Chow K‐C 
Published: April 2008

AbstractOncostatin M (OSM) is a member of the interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) family of cytokines, and binds to the OSM receptor (OSMR) to inhibit cancer growth. Four forms of OSMR have been identified: leukemia inhibitory factor receptor (LIFR), OSMRβ, short‐form OSMR (OSMRs) and soluble OSMR (sOSMR). In this study, we examined the type and expression of OSMR in lung adenocarcinomas (LADCs). Expression of OSMR was determined by reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT–PCR), immunoblotting, immunohistochemistry and confocal immunofluorescent microscopy (CIM). Our results showed that, among the four forms of OSMR, OSMRs was mainly expressed in LADC, and expression level of OSMRs correlated with patient survival. CIM revealed that OSMRs was localized on the cell membrane of LADC cell lines in vitro. OSMRs acts as a decoy receptor by reducing the inhibitory effect of OSM on cell growth. Decrease in OSMRs expression by siRNA increased cell sensitivity to OSM, and ectopic expression of OSMRs reduced cell sensitivity to OSM. These results suggest that expression of OSMRs, which operates as a decoy receptor for OSM, is correlated with disease progression and adverse prognosis in patients with LADC. Copyright © 2008 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Infection by Helicobacter pylori expressing the BabA adhesin is influenced by the secretor phenotype
Authors: Azevedo M , Eriksson S , Mendes N , Serpa J , Figueiredo C , Resende LP , Ruvoën‐Clouet N , Haas R , Borén T , Le Pendu J , David L 
Published: April 2008

AbstractHelicobacter pylori (Hp) infects half the world's population and causes diverse gastric lesions, from gastritis to gastric cancer. Our aim was to evaluate the significance of secretor and Lewis status in infection and in vitro adherence by Hp expressing BabA adhesin. We enrolled 304 Hp‐infected individuals from Northern Portugal. Gastric biopsies, blood and saliva were collected. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunofluorescence were used to detect BabA+ Hp in gastric biopsies. In vitro adherence by a BabA expressing Hp strain to gastric biopsies was performed. Secretor status was identified by Ulex, a lectin that recognizes secretor‐dependent glycan structures in saliva and in gastric mucosa, and by Lewisa/b antibodies, and indirectly by identification of an inactivating mutation in the FUT2 gene (G428A). BabA status of infecting Hp was associated with CagA and VacAs1 (p < 0.05), intercellular localization of Hp (p < 0.01) and the presence of intestinal metaplasia (p < 0.05) and degenerative alterations (p < 0.005) in the biopsies. BabA was associated (p < 0.05) with Ulex staining of gastric biopsies and, although not significantly, to absence of homozygosity for FUT2 G428A inactivating polymorphism. In vitro Hp adherence was higher in cases wild‐type or heterozygous for FUT2 G428A mutation (p < 0.0001), cases staining for Ulex (p < 0.0001) and a−b+ and a−b− secretor phenotypes (p < 0.001). In conclusion, BabA+ Hp infection/adhesion is secretor‐dependent and associated with the severity of gastric lesions. Copyright © 2008 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.