bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In vitro comparison of tension and stiffness between hamstring tendon and patella tendon grafts
Authors: Elias John J. , Rai Surya P. , Ciccone II William J. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractFollowing anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, grafts relax and warm from the temperature of the operating room to body temperature. The current study compared graft tension and stiffness between patella tendon and hamstring tendon grafts. Six quadruple strand hamstring tendon grafts and six patella tendon grafts were preconditioned and loaded to 105 N while at 20°C. Graft tension and stiffness were measured after 15 min, after an additional 4 h, and after increasing the temperature to 34°C. A two‐way repeated‐measures analysis of variance and a post hoc test were used to compare the measurements between the two types of graft and identify significant (p < 0.05) changes for each type of graft. Tension was significantly larger for the patella tendon grafts, although the stiffness values were not significantly different (p > 0.8). For both types of graft, tension and stiffness decreased significantly with time and the temperature increase. The lowest tension and stiffness measurements were 50 ± 11 N and 129 ± 35 N/mm, respectively, for the patella tendon grafts, compared to 18 ± 5 N and 115 ± 11 N/mm, respectively, for the hamstring tendon grafts. Both types of graft lose tension to relaxation and a temperature increase, but the tension loss is larger for hamstring tendon grafts. © 2008 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 26:1506–1511, 2008
Biomechanical in vitro evaluation of the effect of cyclic loading on the postoperative fixation stability and degradation of a biodegradable ankle plate
Authors: Väänänen Petteri , Koistinen Arto , Nurmi Janne , Lappalainen Reijo 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe effect of cyclic loading on the postoperative fixation stability of a biodegradable ankle plate was tested biomechanically during 12 weeks of hydrolytic degradation. Fracture of the lateral malleolus was simulated, and the parameters of cyclic loading were chosen to represent the physiological conditions during the healing period. Additionally, the effect of cyclic loading on degradation was investigated by measuring the inherent viscosities. In Group I, the cyclic loading was conducted in four phases with gradual increases in estimated walking distance and speed during the healing period. In Group II, cyclic loading was conducted after 12 weeks. Group III was used as a control for inherent viscosity measurements. None of the specimens failed under cyclic loading. No significant differences were found between the loaded groups in any of the parameters measured. Additionally, no significant difference was found in inherent viscosities at 12 weeks. The initial fixation stability provided by the biodegradable ankle plate remains biomechanically unchanged over 12 weeks. Cyclic loading, applied either during or after 12 weeks of hydrolytic degradation, does not seem to have any clinically relevant effect on the fixation stability or the degradation properties. © 2008 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 26:1485–1488, 2008
Metabolomic studies of human lung carcinoma cell lines using in vitro1H NMR of whole cells and cellular extracts
Authors: Gottschalk M. , Ivanova G. , Collins D. M. , Eustace A. , O'Connor R. , Brougham D. F. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractWe report principal component analysis (PCA) of 1H NMR spectra recorded for a group of human lung carcinoma cell lines in culture and 1H NMR analysis of extracts from the same samples. The samples studied were cells of lung tumour origin with different chemotherapy drug resistance patterns. For whole cells, it was found that the statistically significant causes of spectral variation were an increase in the choline and a decrease in the methylene mobile lipid 1H resonance intensities, which correlate with our knowledge of the level of resistance displayed by the different cells. Similarly, in the 1H NMR spectra of the aqueous and lipophilic extracts, significant quantitative differences in the metabolite distributions were apparent, which are consistent with the PCA results. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optimal stabilizing controllers for linear discrete‐time stochastic systems
Authors: Feng Jun‐e , Lam James , Xu Shengyuan , Shu Zhan 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe following summarizes the corrections on the online version of the paper, which will be incorporated in the print publication.
Section 3. Spectral radius, decay rate and optimal controllers. Theorem 1: The statement ‘For system (1), ρ(MA,C)⩽β∈(0, 1) holds if and only if system (1) has decay rate β−1’ should read as ‘For system (1), if ρ(MA,C)<β∈(0, 1) holds, then system (1) has decay rate β−1. Moreover, if β−1 is a decay rate, then ρ(MA,C)<β∈(0, 1)’.
Section 3. Proof necessity. Line 20: Delete ‘(necessity)’; line 21: ‘ρ(MA,C)⩽β∈(0, 1)’ should read as ‘ρ(MA,C)<β∈(0, 1)’; line 22: ‘small arbitrarily ε0>0’ should read as ‘sufficiently small ε0<0’.
Sixth page. Line 5: ‘the necessity’ should read as ‘the first part of Theorem 1’; line 7: ‘Sufficiency: Notice’ should read as ‘For the second part, notice’; line 8: ‘decay rate β’ should read as ‘decay rate β−1’; line 11: ‘To prove sufficiency we only need’ should read as ‘We only need’.
Seventh page. Corollary 3: The statement ‘For system (5), ρ(M)⩽β∈(0, 1) holds if and only if system …’ should read as ‘For system (5), if ρ(M)<β∈(0, 1) holds, then system …’
Seventh page. Line 14, and eighth page, line 20: ‘decay rate β−1∈(0, 1)’ should read as ‘decay rate β−1’.
Seventh page. Line 17, and eighth page, line 23, ‘⩽’ should be ‘<’.
Flame retardancy study on magnesium hydroxide associated with clays of different morphology in polypropylene matrix
Authors: Marosfoi B. B. , Garas S. , Bodzay B. , Zubonyai F. , Marosi G. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractFire retardancy behavior of polypropylene–magnesium hydroxide–clay composites of different morphologies is presented. Layer‐ and needle‐like clay nanoparticles in natural and organically surface modified form have been compared. Fire retardant performance of the composites was evaluated by conical combustor and by horizontal burning test, while the structure was characterized by SEM. Rheological analysis of varied temperature provided further information about the strength of the formed combustion residue. The results confirm that fibrous and layered clay nanofillers act synergistically and can be combined with MH microfillers advantageously for improving the flame retardancy of PP composites. Significant improvements were observed in combustion parameters, as well as in flammability classifications. Combination of montmorillonite and sepiolite type of clays resulted in the increased time to ignition, and markedly decreased heat release rate. These advancements are ascribed to the char stabilizer effect of nanofillers leading to increased strength of the residue. It is also concluded that not only the interaction between micro‐ and nanofillers, but also the nanofillers–nanofillers interaction plays a key role in fire retardant mechanism. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Novel two‐dimensional donor–acceptor conjugated polymers containing quinoxaline units: Synthesis, characterization, and photovoltaic properties
Authors: Huo Lijun , Tan Zhan'ao , Wang Xiang , Zhou Yi , Han Minfang , Li Yongfang 
Published: May 2008

AbstractNovel two‐dimensional donor–acceptor (D–A) structured conjugated polymers, P1–P4, were designed and synthesized by introducing electron‐deficient quinoxaline as core and electron‐rich alkoxyl‐phenylenevinylene in side chains and p‐phenylenevinylene, triphenylamine, or thiophene in main chain. Benefited from the D–A structures, the polymers possess low bandgaps of 1.75 eV, 1.86 eV, 1.59 eV, and 1.58 eV for P1, P2, P3, and P4, respectively, and show broad absorption band in the visible region: the shorter wavelength absorption peak at ∼400 nm ascribed to the conjugated side chains and the longer wavelength absorption peak between 500 nm and 750 nm belonging to the absorption of the conjugated main chains. Especially, the absorption band of P4 film covers the whole visible range from 300 nm to 784 nm. The power conversion efficiencies of the polymer solar cells based on P1–P4 as donor and PCBM as acceptor are 0.029%, 0.14%, 0.46%, and 0.57%, respectively, under the illumination of AM 1.5, 100 mW/cm2. The polymers with the low bandgap and broad absorption band are promising photovoltaic materials. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 4038–4049, 2008
Understanding the roles of amino acid residues in tertiary structure formation of chignolin by using molecular dynamics simulation
Authors: Terada Tohru , Satoh Daisuke , Mikawa Tsutomu , Ito Yutaka , Shimizu Kentaro 
Published: May 2008

AbstractChignolin is a 10‐residue peptide (GYDPETGTWG) that forms a stable β‐hairpin structure in water. However, its design template, GPM12 (GYDDATKTFG), does not have a specific structure. To clarify which amino acids give it the ability to form the β‐hairpin structure, we calculated the folding free‐energy landscapes of chignolin, GPM12, and their chimeric peptides using multicanonical molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. Cluster analysis of the conformational ensembles revealed that the native structure of chignolin was the lowest in terms of free energy while shallow local minima were widely distributed in the free energy landscape of GPM12, in agreement with experimental observations. Among the chimeric peptides, GPM12(D4P/K7G) stably formed the same β‐hairpin structure as that of chignolin in the MD simulation. This was confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. A comparison of the free‐energy landscapes showed that the conformational distribution of the Asp3‐Pro4 sequence was inherently biased in a way that is advantageous both to forming hydrogen bonds with another β‐strand and to initiating loop structure. In addition, Gly7 helps stabilize the loop structure by having a left‐handed α‐helical conformation. Such a conformation is necessary to complete the loop structure, although it is not preferred by other amino acids. Our results suggest that the consistency between the short‐range interactions that determine the local geometries and the long‐range interactions that determine the global structure is important for stable tertiary structure formation. Proteins 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evolution of the MTA architecture: the impact of security
Authors: Hafiz Munawar , Johnson Ralph E. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractAs the Internet matured, security became more important and formerly adequate designs became inadequate. One of the victims of the increased need for security wassendmail. This paper shows how its competitors improved on its design in response to the increased need for security. The designers ofqmailandPostfixused well‐known patterns to achieve better security without affecting performance; these patterns can be used by the designers of other systems with an increased need for security. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reproducibility of fetal renal pelvis volume measurement using three‐dimensional ultrasound
Authors: Duin L. K. , Willekes C. , Vossen M. , Beckers M. , Offermans J. , Nijhuis J. G. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the reproducibility of fetal renal pelvis volume measurement in hydronephrotic kidneys using transabdominal three‐dimensional (3D) ultrasound.MethodsThe fetal renal pelvis volume was measured using 3D ultrasound in one kidney in each of 15 fetuses with hydronephrosis in the second or third trimester of pregnancy. Hydronephrosis was diagnosed when the fetus had an anteroposterior renal pelvis diameter ≥ 5 mm. After volume acquisition by one of the observers, the repeatability of volume calculation with manual delineation of the fetal renal pelvis was assessed by six different observers using the Virtual Organ Computer‐aided AnaLysis (VOCAL™) imaging program. The intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), coefficient of variation (CV) and within‐ and between‐observer repeatability coefficient (r) were calculated and Bland–Altman plots were constructed.ResultsBoth intra‐ and interobserver reliability of the fetal renal pelvis volume measurements were considered to be very good. For intraobserver reliability, the ICC was 0.996 and the CV was 10.8%. For the overall interobserver reliability, the ICC was 0.998 and the CV was 15.7%; the interobserver reliability between pairs of observers had ICCs between 0.994 and 0.999, and CVs between 19.5% and 7.6% for inexperienced and experienced observers, respectively.ConclusionWith 3D ultrasound using the VOCAL imaging program, it is technically feasible to reproduce fetal renal pelvis volume measurements. Further research to establish the clinical applications of this technology is warranted. Copyright © 2008 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stability analysis of pitch‐regulated, variable‐speed wind turbines in closed loop operation using a linear eigenvalue approach
Authors: Riziotis V. A. , Politis E. S. , Voutsinas S. G. , Chaviaropoulos P. K. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractA multi‐body aeroelastic design code based on the implementation of the combined aeroelastic beam element is extended to cover closed loop operation conditions of wind turbines. The equations of a controller for variable generator speed and pitch‐controlled operation in high wind speeds are combined with the aeroelastic equations of motion for the complete wind turbine, in order to provide a compound aeroservoelastic system of equations. The control equations comprise linear differential equations for the pitch and generator torque actuators, the control feedback elements (proportional–integral control) and the various filters acting on the feedback signals. In its non‐linear form, the dynamic equations are integrated in time to provide the reference state, while upon linearization of the system and transformation in the non‐rotating frame, the linear stability equations are derived. Stability results for a multi‐MW wind turbine show that the coupling of the controller dynamics with the aeroelastic dynamics of the machine is important and must be taken into account in view of defining the controller parameters. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bernam bleachability test method for palm oil
Authors: Krishnan S. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractA bleachability test method called the Bernam method is proposed for crude palm oil, based upon the percentage of color removed on the original color, as measured on a Lovibond 1 in. cell. The test uses absorption bleaching by 3% activated fuller's earth (Fulmont 237) at 150 C under inert gas blanket. It shows improved sensitivity over two existing bleach‐ability methods and to both primary and secondary oxidation of palm oil, as measured by the peroxide, anisidine, and total oxidation values. It has been applied successfully to detect changes in the quality of palm oil during production, storage, and shipment to the consumer. In view of its encouraging response to oxidation, it should be possible for the consumer to relate the method to process conditions in the refining of palm oil.
High performance liquid chromatography of fatty methyl esters: Analytical separations
Authors: Scholfield C. R. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractFatty methyl esters are separated on the basis of unsaturation and chain length on an analytical scale by high performance liquid chromatography with a C18/Corasil column and aqueous acetonitrile solvent. Analysis by this method includes polymerized and oxidized esters which may not be detected by gas chromatography.
Effect of minor constituents and additives upon peroxidation of oil in peanut butter
Authors: St. Angelo Allen J. , Ory Robert L. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractMetalloproteins and ionic iron and copper salts are major catalysts of fatty acid peroxidation, but chelating agents, such as ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and citric acid in water, can retard or reduce this catalytic effect. To extend shelf‐life and retain the high quality of peanut butter, methods to prevent or decrease the catalytic effect of these metalloproteins and salts were conducted. Chelating agents suspended in inert solvents (mineral oil) were not as effective as when they were added in water. Depending upon the concentration, water can act as a prooxidant or an antioxidant in peanut butter.
Studies on detergent phosphate replacements: I. Aerobic biodegradation of sodium 2‐hydroxyethyliminodiacetate
Authors: Lynn J. B. , Fries C. E. , Homberg O. A. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe biodegradation of sodium 2‐hydroxyethyliminodiacetate, a potential substitute for detergent phosphate, has been studied under aerobic conditions. The biodegradation of this material has been demonstrated in both river water die‐away tests and in an activated sludge system which approximated an actual municipal sewage treatment plant. In the latter instance, degradation in excess of 90% has been observed in less than 6 hr.
Distribution of aflatoxins in various fractions separated from raw peanuts and defatted peanut meal
Authors: Natarajan K. R. , Rhee K. C. , Cater C. M. , Mattil K. F. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe present investigation is the first definitive study of the distribution of aflatoxins in a wet‐milling process of raw peanuts. The results show that the majority of the aflatoxins originally present in the peanuts remained in the solid fractions, particularly the protein fraction, during wet‐milling. In the protein concentrate preparation, the concentrates carried 81–89% of the total toxin; crude oil, 5–8%; and whey fraction, 3–14%. In the case of protein isolate preparation, 51–56% of the total toxin remained with the isolates, 22–26% with the residue, 11–17% with the whey, and 7–8% with the crude oil. Distribution of aflatoxins in the preparation of protein isolates from defatted peanut meal showed that 55–65% of the total toxin originally present in the meal remained with the protein isolates, 20–28% with the residue, and 10–20% with the whey fraction. Changes in extraction pHs for the preparation of protein isolates either from raw peanuts or defatted meal did not alter the distribution pattern mentioned above. A new approach based upon charge‐transfer (electron acceptor‐donor) complex formation is suggested to shift this aflatoxin distribution from protein products to disposable whey or residue fraction during the processing of raw peanuts and defatted meal for protein products.
Safety evaluation and biochemical behavior of monotertiarybutylhydroquinone
Authors: Astill B. D. , Terhaar C. J. , Krasavage W. J. , Wolf G. L. , Roudabush R. L. , Fassett D. W. , Morgareidge K. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe safety of monotertiarybutylhydroquinone as an oil‐soluble food grade antioxidant was evaluated in acute studies with rats and dogs, in subacute feedings in rats, in rat reproductive efficiency and placental transfer studies, and in subacute feedings with monotertiarybutylhydroquinone heated in vegetable oil. In lifetime feedings in rats and 2 year feedings in dogs, wt gain, feed consumption, behavior, mortality, hemograms, clinical chemistries, gross, microscopic, and electron microscopy were evaluated. There were no toxic or untoward effects. Monotertiarybutylhydroquinone was handled similarly by rats, dogs, and humans. Rats eliminated single oral 0.1–0.4 g/kg doses mostly in the urine in 3–4 days as the 4‐0‐sulfate (57–80%) and the 4‐0‐glucuronide (4%) and with 4–12% unchanged. 2,3,5,6‐14C‐Monotertiarybutylhydroquinone was eliminated similarly with <0.1% as14CO2 and <0.2% remaining in the animal after 4 days. Oral 0.1 g/kg doses to dogs gave a somewhat higher glucuronide contribution. The elimination pattern was little altered in long term feedings. Humans eliminated 0.002 g/kg single doses (high fat vehicle) almost completely in the urine in 2–3 days, with <0.1% unchanged, 73–88% as the 4‐0‐sulfate, and 15–22% as the 0‐glucuronide. Monotertiarybutylhydroquinone residues in most tissues of long term animals were below lower detection limits or negligible. Monotertiarybutylhydroquinone did not induce liver microsomal mixed function oxidases in short and long term rat and dog feedings. The feeding studies and comparative biochemical studies showed monotertiarybutylhydroquinone to be safe for its intended use.
Modernity and Jewish Orthodoxy: Nietzsche and Soloveitchik on Life-Affirmation, Asceticism, and Repentance
Authors: Rynhold Daniel , Harris Michael J. 
Published: May 2008

Much ink has been spilt over the question of “Nietzsche and the Jews” ever since the distortion of Nietzsche's manuscripts by his sister, Elizabeth Förster-Nietzsche, forged the links with Nazism that would be further developed by the likes of Alfred Bäumler into a “carefully orchestrated cult.” Though it is a portrait long dismissed in the academic world, a combination of Nazi propaganda and some subsequent scholarship has ensured that the picture of Nietzsche as a virulent anti-Semite who provided Nazism with its conceptual underpinnings lingers in the popular mind. Most scholars, however, now accept at worst a more ambivalent picture. Others go beyond ambivalence, with Weaver Santaniello turning the accusation of anti-Semitism on its head by arguing that Nietzsche's contempt for anti-Semitism was one of the driving forces behind his critique of liberal Christianity, which in its use of “conservative theological concepts . . . perpetuate[s] anti-Semitism.” Even Crane Brinton, arguably one of those scholars most responsible for perpetuating the misrepresentation of Nietzsche as an anti-Semite, insisted that he had never maintained “that Nietzsche was a ‘proto-Nazi’.” But whilst Nietzsche is almost universally exonerated from the charge of personal anti-Semitism, Brinton's claim that “occasionally [Nietzsche] comes very close indeed to the Nazi program,” though based on poor use of Nietzsche's writings and rightly dismissed by Walter Kaufmann, continues to find echoes even amongst more careful Nietzsche scholars, who claim that he “did have some responsibility for Nazi crimes.”
Oral administration of dahi containing probioticLactobacillus acidophilusandLactobacillus caseidelayed the progression of streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats
Authors: Yadav Hariom , Jain Shalini , Sinha Pushpalata Ravindra 
Published: May 2008

In this study, the effect of dahi containing probioticLactobacillus acidophilusNCDC14 andLactobacillus caseiNCDC19 (∼73×108 cfu/g) on progression of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes in rats (15 g/day/rat) for 28 days was investigated. Feeding of probiotic dahi significantly suppressed the incremental peaks and area under the curve and delayed reduction of insulin secretion during oral glucose tolerance test more than skim milk or control dahi. The feeding of milk products reduced the total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL and VLDL-cholesterol and increased HDL-cholesterol levels (P<0·05). Moreover, probiotic dahi significantly suppressed STZ-induced oxidative damage in pancreatic tissues by inhibiting the lipid peroxidation and formation of nitric oxide, and preserving antioxidant pool such as glutathione content and activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase. The results suggest that the supplementation of probioticLb. acidophilusandLb. caseiwith dahi cultures increased the efficacy of dahi to suppress STZ-induced diabetes in rats by inhibiting depletion of insulin as well as preserving diabetic dyslipidemia, and inhibiting lipid peroxidation and nitrite formation. This may empower antioxidant system of β-cells and may slow down the reduction of insulin and elevation of blood glucose levels.