bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tissue sparing surgery in knee reconstruction: unicompartmental (UKA), patellofemoral (PFA), UKA + PFA, bi-unicompartmental (Bi-UKA) arthroplasties
Authors: Confalonieri N. , Manzotti A. , Montironi F. , Pullen C. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractRecently mini-invasive joint replacement has become one of the hottest topics in the orthopaedic world. However, these terms have been improperly misunderstood as a “key-hole” surgery where traditional components are implanted with shorter surgical approaches, with few benefits and several possible dangers. Small implants as unicompartmental knee prostheses, patellofemoral prostheses and bi-unicompartmental knee prostheses might represent real less invasive procedures: Tissue sparing surgery, the Italian way to minimally invasive surgery (MIS). According to their experience the authors go through this real tissue sparing surgery not limited only to a small incision, but where the surgeons can respect the physiological joint biomechanics.
The Effect of Residential Neighborhood on Child Behavior Problems in First Grade
Authors: Caughy Margaret O'Brien , Nettles Saundra Murray , O'Campo Patricia J. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractChild behavior problems have been identified as being responsible for the greatest reduction in quality of life for children between ages 1 and 19. In this study, we examine whether neighborhood social processes are associated with differences in child behavior problems in an economically and racially diverse sample of 405 urban‐dwelling first grade children and whether parenting behavior mediates and/or moderates the effects of neighborhoods. Furthermore, we examine whether neighborhood social processes play the same role with regards to child behavior problems at differing levels of neighborhood economic impoverishment. Results of multivariate multilevel regression analyses indicate that a high negative social climate is associated with greater internalizing problems. High potential for community involvement for children in the neighborhood was associated with fewer behavior problems, but only in economically impoverished neighborhoods. Differences in parenting behavior did not appear to mediate neighborhood effects on behavior problems, and parenting characterized by a high degree of positive involvement was associated with fewer behavior problems in all types of neighborhoods.
“What is this Genetics, Anyway?” Understandings of Genetics, Illness Causality and Inheritance Among British Pakistani Users of Genetic Services
Authors: Shaw Alison , Hurst Jane A. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractMisconceptions about basic genetic concepts and inheritance patterns may be widespread in the general population. This paper investigates understandings of genetics, illness causality and inheritance among British Pakistanis referred to a UK genetics clinic. During participant observation of genetics clinic consultations and semi‐structured interviews in Urdu or English in respondents’ homes, we identified an array of environmental, behavioral and spiritual understandings of the causes of medical and intellectual problems. Misconceptions about the location of genetic information in the body and of genetic mechanisms of inheritance were common, reflected the range of everyday theories observed for White British patients and included the belief that a child receives more genetic material from the father than the mother. Despite some participants’ conversational use of genetic terminology, some patients had assimilated genetic information in ways that conflict with genetic theory with potentially serious clinical consequences. Additionally, skepticism of genetic theories of illness reflected a rejection of a dominant discourse of genetic risk that stigmatizes cousin marriages. Patients referred to genetics clinics may not easily surrender their lay or personal theories about the causes of their own or their child's condition and their understandings of genetic risk. Genetic counselors may need to identify, work with and at times challenge patients’ understandings of illness causality and inheritance.
“I Wouldn't Classify Myself as a Patient”: The Importance of a “Well‐being” Environment for Individuals Receiving Counseling about Familial Cancer Risk
Authors: Phelps Ceri , Horrigan Debra , Protheroe Liwsi Kim , Hopkin Janina , Jones Wendy , Murray Alexandra 
Published: July 2008

AbstractMany individuals receiving genetic counseling are healthy with no need for clinical cancer services. We have recently relocated our cancer genetic clinic to a small house on the outskirts of a hospital site which incorporates many elements proven to be important in creating a “well‐being” environment. This study explored participants’ perceptions of such an environment. Eleven semi‐structured telephone interviews were conducted with women who had attended the new cancer genetic clinic. All were at high risk of familial cancer, five were gene carriers and three had a personal diagnosis of cancer. The new clinic was perceived to be less medical and more relaxing than other clinics, encouraged other family members to attend in support of the attendee and did not appear to impede information comprehension. The importance of not being made to feel like an ill patient was apparent. A desire for a quiet area allowing time for reflection whilst waiting for, and following, counseling was identified. A poorly designed counseling area could reduce the quality of the interaction between patient and counselor. Consideration of specific environmental design features may promote individuals’ well‐being and make those attending genetic counseling feel less like “patients.” Larger studies should seek to explore further the potential associations between factors such as environmental design, psychological well‐being and comprehension of risk information.
The Relationship Between Psychological Distress and Personality in Women from Families with Familial Breast/Ovarian or Hereditary Non‐polyposis Colorectal Cancer in the Absence of Demonstrated Mutations
Authors: Geirdal Amy Østertun , Dahl Alv A. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe aim of this study was to explore associations between mental and cancer‐specific distress (psychological distress) and personality traits in healthy women belonging to families with familial cancer and absence of demonstrated mutations. We included 238 healthy women from families with familial breast‐ovarian cancer (FBOC) or hereditary non‐polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC). They responded to a questionnaire including validated instruments for psychological distress and personality traits. Information on demography and cancer‐related issues were also collected. Significant associations between psychological distress and personality traits were found in these women. The traits of Optimism and Harm avoidance showed the strongest association with both types of distress. Associations between psychological distress and personality traits were observed in women from families with FBOC or HNPCC that fulfilled clinical criteria for familial breast/ovarian cancer in the absence of demonstrated mutations. Screening for such traits could be helpful in genetic counseling.
Genetic Testing of Children at Risk for Adult Onset Conditions: When is Testing Indicated?
Authors: Lwiwski N. , Greenberg C. R. , Mhanni A. A. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractWe report a family with an extensive history of colon cancer consistent with hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC). A specific disease causing mutation was identified in affected individuals; p.W714X MLH1 mutation. Given the very young age of onset of cancer in some affected family members, with the youngest affected individual being 19 years of age, genetic counseling was recommended to children as young as 9 years. Ethical issues arose when affected families requested genetic testing for their underage children. Here we describe and debate the value of offering molecular testing for this adult onset disorder to several children in this particular family. We also examine possible molecular causes for the very young age of onset in some family members.
Humor in the OR: A Stitch in Time?
Authors: Buxman Karyn 
Published: July 2008

ABSTRACTHUMOR SERVES MULTIPLE PURPOSES and provides numerous benefits for health care practitioners and their patients.IN THE PERIOPERATIVE SETTING, humor can be used to establish relationships, relieve anxiety, release anger in a socially acceptable way, avoid or deny painful feelings, and facilitate learning.PERIOPERATIVE NURSES can use a variety of techniques and resources to increase their use of humor, even if they perceive themselves to be humor‐impaired.AORN J87 (July 2008) 67–77. © AORN, Inc, 2008.
Perioperative Nursing Care of the Bariatric Surgical Patient
Authors: Ide Patricia , Farber Elliott S. , Lautz David 
Published: July 2008

ABSTRACTAPPROXIMATELY TWO‐THIRDS of the US population is overweight or obese. The effects of the comorbidities that accompany obesity often are severe and can be life threatening over time. Currently, the most effective and sustainable method of substantial weight loss is bariatric surgery. Bariatric surgery also has been successful in reversing comorbidities.THE BENEFITS, RISKS, AND COMPLICATIONS of common weight‐loss surgical procedures (eg, Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass, laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding, vertical‐banded gastroplasty, biliopancreatic diversion and duodenal switch) are discussed.THE HEALTH CARE FIELD OF BARIATRICS is growing rapidly. More information is needed to support and guide changes in current standards of practice to better meet the needs of this patient population. AORN J 88 (July 2008) 30–54. © AORN, Inc, 2008.
The Increased Incidence of Anesthetic Adverse Events in Late Afternoon Surgeries
Authors: Johnson Joshua 
Published: July 2008

ABSTRACTANESTHETIC ADVERSE EVENTS have been found to occur more frequently in surgical procedures performed after 4 PM.THE MAJOR FACTORS that contribute to increased anesthetic adverse events include fatigue, circadian rhythm lows or dips, and administrative delays.AN INCREASED SHORTAGE of anesthesia care providers is likely to create longer work hours, thus increasing fatigue, which can lead to more anesthetic adverse events. Awareness of and education about adverse events and solutions are imperative. AORN J 88 (July 2008) 79–87. © AORN, Inc, 2008.
Using Principles of Health Literacy to Enhance the Informed Consent Process
Authors: Lorenzen Bonne , Melby Constance E. , Earles Barb 
Published: July 2008

ABSTRACTTHE LANGUAGE COMMONLY used in procedural/surgical consent forms often exceeds the average reading level of US patients, and many do not read the document before signing it.INCORPORATING READER‐FRIENDLY language and formatting makes it more likely that patients will read the document, understand it, and therefore give informed consent. Adding “teach back” into the document provides a means of evaluating patient understanding.USING READER‐FRIENDLY procedural/surgical consent documents merges the objectives of both health literacy and informed consent. AORN J 88 (July 2008) 23–29. © AORN, Inc, 2008.
A Perioperative Team Approach to Treating Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Bariatric Surgery
Authors: Walsh Angi , Albano Heidee , Jones Daniel B. 
Published: July 2008

ABSTRACTWHEN A PATIENT IS OBESE, simple dieting and exercise are rarely able to reverse significant comorbidities. Currently, surgery is the most effective treatment for obesity with respect to the amount and duration of weight loss.BARIATRIC SURGERY REQUIRES a team approach in a clinical setting capable of supporting all aspects of management and assessment.THE PATIENT IS THE CENTER of the team's focus, and all facets of the perioperative process are interconnected. The words coordinate, educate, accommodate, facilitate, and communicate describe the multidisciplinary process that is necessary to provide quality, safe patient care with positive outcomes. AORN J 88 (July 2008) 59–64. © AORN, Inc, 2008.
Leaving the Nest and Joining the Flock: OR Residency Programs and Team Mentoring
Authors: Morgenthaler Lisa 
Published: July 2008

ABSTRACTRESIDENCY PROGRAMS and team mentoring provide an opportunity to use creativity and personal knowledge to educate nurses new to the specialty of perioperative nursing.SURGICAL TEAM MEMBERS can join together to help inexperienced nurses by offering support, providing feedback, giving advice, answering questions, and acting as an outlet for their frustrations.NEW CONFIDENCE and rapidly acquired skills allow new nurses to become contributing members of the education cycle as they begin to teach others what they have learned. AORN J 87 (July 2008) 97–101. © AORN, Inc, 2008.
Regional tree growth and inferred summer climate in the Winnipeg River basin, Canada, since AD 1783
Authors: St. George Scott , Meko David M. , Evans Michael N. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractA network of 54 ring-width chronologies is used to estimate changes in summer climate within the Winnipeg River basin, Canada, since AD 1783. The basin drains parts of northwestern Ontario, northern Minnesota and southeastern Manitoba, and is a key area for hydroelectric power production. Most chronologies were developed from Pinus resinosa and P. strobus, with a limited number of Thuja occidentalis, Picea glauca and Pinus banksiana. The dominant pattern of regional tree growth can be recovered using only the nine longest chronologies, and is not affected by the method used to remove variability related to age or stand dynamics from individual trees. Tree growth is significantly, but weakly, correlated with both temperature (negatively) and precipitation (positively) during summer. Simulated ring-width chronologies produced by a process model of tree-ring growth exhibit similar relationships with summer climate. High and low growth across the region is associated with cool/wet and warm/dry summers, respectively; this relationship is supported by comparisons with archival records from early 19th century fur-trading posts. The tree-ring record indicates that summer droughts were more persistent in the 19th and late 18th century, but there is no evidence that drought was more extreme prior to the onset of direct monitoring.
MORPHOLOGIES OF TIME IN STOCKHAUSEN'S ‘LICHT’
Authors: Thomas Helen C. 
Published: July 2008

Since music is a ‘time art’, it follows that questions of form cannot be entirely detached from considerations of time; indeed some composers would argue that they cannot be detached from it at all. The issues involved … partly stray into areas of philosophy. (Toop 2005: 166)Imagine fundamental durations beyond boundaries of musical time. (Stockhausen 1959: 26)
Mermin dielectric function versus local field corrections on proton stopping in degenerate plasmas
Authors: Barriga-Carrasco M.D. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractIf plasmas are considered fully ionized, the electronic stopping of a charged particle that traverses them will only be due to free electrons. This stopping can be obtained in a first view through the random phase approximation (RPA). But free electrons interact between them affecting the stopping. These interactions can be taken into account in the dielectric formalism by means of two different ways: the Mermin function or the local field corrections (LFCs). LFCs produce an enhancement in stopping before the maximum and recover the RPA values just after it. Mermin method also produces firstly a high increase at very low energies, then a small enhancement at low energies and finally decreases below RPA values before and after the maximum. Differences between the two methods are very important at very low energies and by 30% around the stopping maximum.
Simulations of a solid graphite target for high intensity fast extracted uranium beams for the Super-FRS
Authors: Tahir N.A. , Weick H. , Shutov A. , Kim V. , Matveichev A. , Ostrik A. , Sultanov V. , Lomonosov I.V. , Piriz A.R. , Lopez Cela J.J. , Hoffmann D.H.H. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractExtensive numerical simulations have been carried out to design a viable solid graphite wheel shaped production target for the super conducting fragment separator experiments (Super-FRS) at the future Facility for Antiprotons and Ion Research (FAIR) using an intense uranium beam. In this study, generation, propagation and decay of deviatoric stress waves induced by the beam in the target, have been investigated. Maximum beam intensities that the target can tolerate using different focal spot sizes that are determined by requirements of good isotope resolution and transmission of the secondary beam through the fragment separator, have been calculated. It has been reported elsewhere that the tensile strength of graphite significantly increases with temperature. To take advantage of this effect, calculations have also been done in which the target is preheated to a higher temperature, that in practice can be achieved, for example, by irradiating the target with a defocused ion beam before the experiments are performed. We report results of a few examples using an initial temperature of 2000 K. This study has shown that employing such a configuration, one may use a solid graphite production target even for the maximum intensity of the uranium beam (5 × 1011ion per bunch) at the Super-FRS.
Epidemics of squirrelpox virus disease in red squirrels (Sciurus vulgaris): temporal and serological findings
Authors: CARROLL B. , RUSSELL P. , GURNELL J. , NETTLETON P. , SAINSBURY A. W. 
Published: July 2008

SUMMARYSquirrelpox virus (SQPV) causes a fatal disease in free-living red squirrels (Sciurus vulgaris) which has contributed to their decline in the United Kingdom. Given the difficulty of carrying out and funding experimental investigations on free-living wild mammals, data collected from closely monitored natural outbreaks of disease is crucial to our understanding of disease epidemiology. A conservation programme was initiated in the 1990s to bolster the population of red squirrels in the coniferous woodland of Thetford Chase, East Anglia. In 1996, 24 red squirrels were reintroduced to Thetford from Northumberland and Cumbria, while in 1999 a captive breeding and release programme commenced, but in both years the success of the projects was hampered by an outbreak of SQPV disease in which seven and four red squirrels died respectively. Valuable information on the host–pathogen dynamics of SQPV disease was gathered by telemetric and mark–recapture monitoring of the red squirrels. SQPV disease characteristics were comparable to other virulent poxviral infections: the incubation period was <15 days; the course of the disease an average of 10 days and younger animals were significantly more susceptible to disease. SQPV disease places the conservation of the red squirrel in jeopardy in the United Kingdom unless practical disease control methods can be identified.
Type C bovine botulism outbreak due to carcass contaminated non-acidified silage
Authors: MYLLYKOSKI J. , LINDSTRÖM M. , KETO-TIMONEN R. , SÖDERHOLM H. , JAKALA J. , KALLIO H. , SUKURA A. , KORKEALA H. 
Published: July 2008

SUMMARYThe first reported bovine botulism outbreak in Finland is described. Nine out of 90 cattle on a dairy farm died after being fed non-acidified silage contaminated by animal carcasses. Type C botulinum neurotoxin gene was detected in one heifer by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and the neurotoxin was detected by the mouse bioassay.Clostridium botulinumtype C was isolated from liver samples. The isolated strain was identified with amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis as group IIIC. botulinum. To our knowledge, this is the first time that a type C bovine botulism outbreak has been diagnosed by PCR and confirmed by subsequent isolation and AFLP identification of the disease strain. The importance of the acidification process in silage production to inhibitC. botulinumtoxin production in silage and thus to prevent further botulism outbreaks is emphasized. Nevertheless, preformed toxin in the carcass is not destroyed by acid.
Comparative visual function in elasmobranchs: Spatial arrangement and ecological correlates of photoreceptor and ganglion cell distributions
Authors: LITHERLAND LENORE , COLLIN SHAUN P. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe topographic analysis of retinal ganglion and photoreceptor cell distributions yields valuable information for assessing the visual capabilities and behavioral ecology of vertebrates. This study examines whole-mounted retinas of four elasmobranch species, the ornate wobbegong, Orectolobus ornatus; the whitetip reef shark, Triaenodon obesus; the epaulette shark, Hemiscyllium ocellatum; and the east Australia shovelnose ray, Aptychotrema rostrata, for regional specializations mediating zones of improved visual ability. These species represent a range of lifestyles: benthic, mid-water, diurnal, and nocturnal. Both photoreceptors (visualized using differential interference contrast optics) and ganglion cells (stained with cresyl violet) in the retina are extensively sampled, and their spatial distribution is found to be nonuniform, exhibiting areae or “visual streaks.” In general, the topographic distributions of both cell populations are in register and match well with respect to the location of regions of high density. However, the location of peaks in rod and cone densities can vary within a retina, indicating that preferential sampling of different regions of the visual field may occur in photopic and scotopic vision. Anatomical measures of the optical limits of resolving power, indicated by intercone spacing, range from 3.8 to 13.1 cycles/deg. Spatial limits of resolving power, calculated from ganglion cell spacing, range from 2.6 to 4.3 cycles/deg. Summation ratios, assessed by direct comparison of cell densities of photoreceptors (input cells) and ganglion cells (output cells), at more than 150 different loci across the retina, show topographic differences in signal convergence (ranging from 25:1 to over 70:1). Species-specific retinal specializations strongly correlate to the habitat and feeding behavior of each species.
Effects of an attachment-based intervention on daily cortisol moderated by dopamine receptor D4: A randomized control trial on 1- to 3-year-olds screened for externalizing behavior
Authors: Bakermans-Kranenburg Marian J. , Van IJzendoorn Marinus H. , Mesman Judi , Alink Lenneke R. A. , Juffer Femmie 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe effect of the Video-Feedback Intervention to Promote Positive Parenting and Sensitive Discipline (VIPP-SD) on daily cortisol production was tested in a randomized controlled trial with 130 families with 1- to 3-year-old children screened for their relatively high levels of externalizing behavior. Six 1.5-hr intervention sessions focusing on maternal sensitivity and discipline were conducted with individual families at their homes. Children in the intervention group showed lower cortisol levels, with a moderating role of the dopamine receptor D4 (DRD4) VNTR exon III polymorphism. The VIPP-SD program proved to be effective in decreasing daily cortisol production in childrenwiththeDRD47-repeat allele, but not in childrenwithouttheDRD47-repeat allele. Our findings indicate that children are differentially susceptible to intervention effects dependent on the presence of the 7-repeatDRD4allele.