bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ejecta–Circumstellar Medium Interaction in High-density Environment Contribution to Kilonova Emission: Application to GRB 191019A
Authors: Wang Suo-Ning , Lü Hou-Jun , Yuan Yong , Yuan Hao-Yu , Rice Jared , Chen Meng-Hua , Liang En-Wei 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The nearby long-duration GRB 191019A recently detected by Swift lacks an associated supernova and belongs to a host galaxy with little star formation activity, suggesting that the origin of this burst is the result of a merger of two compact objects with dynamical interactions in a high-density medium of an active galactic nucleus. Given the potential motivation of this event, and given that it occurs in such a high-density environment, the ejecta–circumstellar medium (CSM) interaction cannot be ignored as possibly contributing to the kilonova emission. Here, we theoretically calculate the kilonova emission by considering the contribution of the ejecta–CSM interaction in a high-density environment. We find that the contribution to the kilonova emission from the ejecta–CSM interaction will dominate at a later time, and a smaller ejecta mass will have a stronger kilonova emission from the ejecta–CSM interaction. Moreover, we try to apply it to GRB 191019A, but we find that it is difficult to identify the possible kilonova emission from the observations, due to the contribution of the bright host galaxy. On the other hand, less injected mass (less than M
ej = 2 × 10−5
M
⊙) will be required if one can detect the kilonova emission associated with a GRB 191019A–like event in the future. The r-process-powered and spin energy contributions from the magnetar are also discussed.
Two High-amplitude δ Scuti–γ Doradus Hybrids Constrained by the Radial Fundamental p and Equally Spaced g Modes
Authors: Chen Xinghao , Zhang Xiaobin , Li Yan , Su Jie 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Based on 2 minutes cadence TESS data, we investigate pulsations of TIC 65138566 and TIC 139729335 and discover them to be two new high-amplitude δ Scuti stars with equally spaced g modes. We recognize the radial fundamental mode f
1 = 18.3334 c d−1 and the first overtone f
3 = 23.6429 c d−1 for TIC 65138566, and identify the highest peak f
1 = 19.0955 c d−1 as the radial fundamental mode for TIC 139729335. For g modes, both stars display a regular period spacing of 2413 s. Through detailed seismological analysis, we deduce that these period-spacing patterns correspond to modes with ℓ = 1. Moreover, our analysis reveals that with increases in masses and metallicities, the star should display a higher degree of evolution to match a specific period spacing Π0. Conversely, the star should have a lower extent of evolution to match the radial fundamental mode. These two contradictory behaviors allow us to precisely obtain stellar physical parameters. TIC 65138566 and TIC 139729335 are determined to be two main-sequence stars that have almost the same range of masses and metallicities, with M = 1.36 ± 0.06 M
⊙ and Z = 0.005 ± 0.002. The hydrogen abundance in the core of TIC 65138566 is estimated to be about 0.28, while TIC 139729335 has a slightly higher value of around 0.31. Finally, we suggest that the high-amplitude δ Scuti–γ Doradus star TIC 308396022 is a main-sequence star with M = 1.54 ± 0.08 M
⊙, Z = 0.007 ± 0.001, and X
c = 0.18 ± 0.02.
The Reliability of Accretion Disk Inclination Derived from X-Ray Spectroscopy of Active Galaxies
Authors: Du Rong , Ding Yuanze , Ho Luis C. , Li Ruancun 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The inclination angle of substructures in active galaxies gives insights into physical components from scales of the vicinity of the central black hole to the entire host galaxy. We use the self-consistent reflection spectral model RELXILL to measure the inclination of the inner region of accretion disks with broadband (0.3–78 keV) X-ray observations, systematically studying the reliability of this methodology. To test the capability of the model to return statistically consistent results, we analyze multiepoch joint XMM-Newton and NuSTAR data of the narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxy I Zwicky 1 and the broad-line radio galaxy 3C 382, which exhibit different degrees of spectral complexity and reflection features. As expected, we find that adding more data for analysis narrows the confidence interval and that multiepoch joint observations return optimal measurements; however, even single-epoch data can be well fitted if the reflection component is sufficiently dominant. Mock spectra are used to test the capability of RELXILL to recover input parameters from typical single-epoch joint observations. We find that inclination is well recovered at 90% confidence, with improved constraints at higher reflection fraction and higher inclination. Higher iron abundance and corona temperature tighten the constraints as well, but the effect is not as significant as a higher reflection fraction. The spin, however, has little effect in reflection-based inclination measurements. We conclude that broadband reflection spectroscopy can reliably measure inner accretion disk inclination.
Pair Creation in Hot Electrosphere of Compact Astrophysical Objects
Authors: Prakapenia Mikalai , Vereshchagin Gregory 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The mechanism of pair creation in the electrosphere of compact astrophysical objects such as quark stars or neutron stars is revisited, paying attention to evaporation of electrons and acceleration of electrons and positrons, which were previously not addressed in the literature. We perform a series of numerical simulations using the Vlasov–Maxwell equations. The rate of pair creation strongly depends on electric field strength in the electrosphere. Although Pauli blocking is explicitly taken into account, we find no exponential suppression of the pair creation rate at low temperatures. The luminosity in pairs increases with temperature and it may reach up to L
± ∼ 1052 erg s−1, much larger than previously assumed.
Do Minihalos Affect Cosmic Reionization?
Authors: Gnedin Nickolay Y. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The role of unresolved structures (“minihalos”) in determining the consumption of ionizing photons during cosmic reionization remains an unsolved problem in modeling cosmic reionization, despite recent extensive studies with small-box high-resolution simulations by Park et al. and Chan et al., because the small-box studies are not able to fully sample all environments. In this paper these simulations are combined with large-box simulations from the “Cosmic Reionization On Computers” (CROC) project, allowing one to account for the full range of environments and to produce an estimate for the number of recombinations per hydrogen atom that are missed in large-scale simulations like CROC or Thesan. I find that recombinations in unresolved minihalos are unimportant compared to recombinations produced in large-scale cosmic structures and inside more massive, fully resolved halos. Since both the Park et al. and Chan et al. studies have severe limitations, the conclusions of this paper may need to be verified with more representative sets of small-box high-resolution simulations.
Grammaire de la réforme
Authors: Schmitz Benoît 
Published: March 2024

Si le protestantisme a voulu mettre en oeuvre les aspirations à une réforme générale qui traversaient le christianisme, il n’est pas le seul : le xvi e et le xvii e siècle voient se développer une authentique « Réforme catholique ». L’un de ses témoins, Giovanni Francesco Commendone, permet d’en mesurer la nécessité et les difficultés.
Pierre Chaillet et Gaston Fessard
Authors: Marion Jean-Luc 
Published: March 2024

Toute analyse de l’histoire qui ne l’envisage pas comme une histoire sainte n’aboutit qu’à des équivoques déguisées en idoles. Après la défaite de juin 1940, l’équivoque se nommait la « collaboration » et l’idole, l’idéologie antichrétienne du racisme nazi. Pierre Chaillet et Gaston Fessard ont dénoncé la fraude qui pose que la raison du politique ressortit du domaine exclusif du pouvoir politique, sans nulle autre autorité. Ils ont mesuré quel degré d’obéissance était dû au gouvernement de Vichy en montrant que la réponse à la question politique provient d’un regard théologique.
Schizophrenia and Nicotine - A Bittersweet Psychiatric Story
Authors: Ghosal Satrajit , Halder Ankit , Keshri Sarthak , Ravindran Navna Panchami , Joshi Akhil 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background:
Schizophrenia is a chronic mental disorder affecting mood, perception, and most importantly cognition. This severely interferes with the functioning of such patients. On the other hand, nicotine use (both smoke and smokeless tobacco) is very much prevalent in schizophrenic patients, much more than normal population. This study aims to find the relation between nicotine use and cognition in schizophrenic patients.

Methodology:
Fifty-six new patients diagnosed with schizophrenia of both sexes between ages 18 and 60 years, giving valid and informed consent, were selected for the study. Fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence was done and the patients were divided into two groups: scores 4 or less (low-to-moderate dependence) and scores 5 or more (severe dependence). The Cognitive Assessment Interview was performed. Then, an independent sample t-test was used to compare the scores on various cognitive domains between the two groups.

Results:
The cognitive scores were better in the group with severe tobacco dependence, both globally and across individual domains. These associations were statistically significant (P = 0.001). The mean difference was highest in the social cognition group. Among all the domains, the t-value was highest for the speed of processing domain, indicating that this particular cognitive domain has the best discriminative value when compared between two groups of nicotine users.

Conclusions:
Hence, to conclude, whether nicotine has indeed a beneficial effect on cognition in schizophrenia has to be investigated longitudinally so that a possible treatment option to address cognitive impairment in schizophrenia is obtained. Extensive longitudinal studies needs to be conducted to better understand the long-term effect of tobacco use and cognition in schizophrenia patients.
Rituximab treatment for refractory and moderate-to-severe pemphigus patients in the pandemic era: A single-center retrospective study
Authors: Avcı Ceylan , Akın Gülfem Nur , Akarsu Sevgi , Aktan Şebnem 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background:
The management of refractory pemphigus in the pandemic conditions is challenging. There are limited data comparing the safety of rituximab and other immunosuppressive therapies during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Objectives:
We evaluated the safety and efficacy of rituximab and conventional treatments in patients with pemphigus who received treatment during the COVID-19 pandemic period.

Methods:
The patients with pemphigus treated with immunosuppressive treatments in a university hospital between September 2020 and May 2023 were retrospectively evaluated. All patients initially received conventional treatments. Fifteen of them who were refractory to prior treatments or could not use prednisolone due to adverse effects received rituximab. Eighteen patients were treated with only conventional treatments.

Results:
Thirty-three patients with a mean age of 50 ± 15 years were included in the study. Twenty-two of the patients (66.7%) were female. The baseline mean pemphigus disease area index (PDAI) score of the patients was 37 ± 34 (range: 4–168). The mean follow-up time was 13.8 ± 6.8 months. The mean PDAI scores were significantly lower after treatment in both rituximab and conventional treatment groups (P: 0.001, P < 0.001; respectively). In the rituximab group, the monthly mean prednisolone dose was statistically reduced after rituximab treatment compared to before treatment (P < 0.001). There was no statistically significant difference in the relative odds of COVID-19 positivity or death between the groups (3.06 (95% [confidence interval (CI): 0.68–13.79]; 0.57 [95% CI: 0.05–7.00], respectively). Of 11 patients diagnosed with COVID-19, one patient (1/7, 14.3%) in the rituximab group and two patients (2/4, 50%) in the conventional treatment group died from SARS-CoV-2.

Conclusion:
We observed that rituximab treatment was effective and safe for treatment-resistant moderate-to-severe pemphigus patients during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Assessment of Dependency in Activities of Daily Living (ADL) and its Predictors: A Cross-Sectional Study among the Elderly Rural Population in a Sub-Himalayan UT of India
Authors: Kumari Rashmi , Gupta Rajiv Kumar , Shalli  , Bahl Rakesh , Langer Bhavna 
Published: March 2024

Background:
With an increase in life expectancy over the last few decades, there has been a parallel increase in the prevalence of disabilities among the elderly population. To estimate the prevalence of dependency in activities of daily living (ADL) and its predictors among the rural elderly population.

Material and Methods:
This was a cross-sectional study carried out in the community among the rural geriatric population in the field practice area of PG Department of Community Medicine, Government Medical College Jammu. The Barthel Scale Index was used to measure ADL dependency. PSPP software was used to analyze the data.

Results:
The mean age of study participants was 68.31 ± 7.9 years. ADL dependency was observed in 46.3% of the subjects, with the majority demonstrating mild to moderate dependence. Only 2.5% of the respondents reported a severe degree of ADL dependence. The mean ADL score was 94.47 ± 8.98. On multivariate logistic regression analysis, age, educational status, the presence of stress in the family, personal history, and the presence of co-morbidities emerged to be independent predictors of ADL dependence.

Conclusion:
High prevalence of physical disability in the geriatric population is now an area of major concern. This emphasizes the significance of setting up geriatric care centers especially in rural areas preferably integrating with health and wellness centers.
Predictors for Concurrent Diabetes in Tuberculosis Patients. Perspectives from Two Mining Districts of Eastern Tribal State Jharkhand, in India
Authors: Rai Sandeep , Jha Ravi Ranjan , Prasad Santosh , Kumar Dewesh , Rana Rishabh Kumar 
Published: March 2024

Background:
Tuberculosis and diabetes both diseases are present in large numbers in the country and we are major contributors to both globally. With the objective to understand the various traits of patients having both tuberculosis and diabetes and to ascertain various possible predictors for such occurrence based on the public health database we carried out this study. We seek answers to questions like they have any effects? Are they having any additive role to play?

Methods:
One-year data from the NIKSHAY portal of both districts were analyzed to look for possible associations and other variable traits. Data were analyzed using standard methods to express data in frequency and percentage. Chi-square test was used to establish association, while step-wise approach was used to calculate univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis for knowing various predictors. P-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:
Concurrent diabetes in tuberculosis patients was close to 294 (6%) in the 4933 individuals. In total, 65.2% of the study population were male. Diagnosis of tuberculosis was made most of the time by chest X-ray (49.4%) followed by Microscopy ZN staining and cartridge-based nucleic acid amplification test (CBNAAT). Death was more among diabetics (4.4%) as compared to nondiabetics (3.5%).

Conclusion:
Diabetes is increasing in tuberculosis patients; improvement in data quality is needed. More research is required to reveal various other reasons that make tuberculosis patients more prone to develop diabetes.
Can the Emergency Medical Service (EMS) System Help in Improving the Healthcare Access – Evidence from Maharashtra EMS
Authors: Jena Biranchi N. , Shelke Dnyaneshwar , Saunik Sujata 
Published: March 2024

Background:
For many people in the remote regions of India, medical help is inaccessible as 66% of rural Indians do not have access to critical medicine and 31% of the population travel more than 30 km seeking health care in rural India. Timely non-availability of doctors in healthcare facilities, especially in primary health centers (PHCs), leads to more dependency on the private healthcare practitioners for the out-patient department services. This needs immediate attention.

Materials and Methods:
The healthcare authority in Maharashtra has allowed doctors in 108 emergency ambulances to provide consulting services. The current study is based on the total consultations managed by the doctors on-board on the 108 ambulances in the state of Maharashtra in the years 2020, 2021, and 2022. The data are procured from the state-run Emergency Response Centre, and the analysis is done by using the basic statistical technique in MS Excel and SPSS16.0.

Results:
More than 9.35 lakh medical consultations were provided with an average 856 consultations per ambulance in the year 2022, showing a significant growth of 452% over the consultations in 2020. The base location of the 32% ambulance (298) in the PHCs has improved the round the clock accessibility in 16% of the total PHCs in the state of Maharashtra.

Conclusion:
The availability of the doctors in the state-run emergency ambulances for general healthcare services has improved the adherence of Indian Public Health Standards, and such practice must be examined for implementation in other states.
Effect of Right Nostril Breathing on Cardiorespiratory Parameters and Reaction Time in Young, Healthy Humans: An Interventional Study
Authors: Bargal Sheela , Nalgirkar Vivek , Patil Anant , Langade Deepak 
Published: March 2024

Background and Objective:
Yogic breathing helps in reduction of stress and strain in the body. Right and left nostril breathings (RNB and LNB, respectively) have different effects on cardiorespiratory parameters. The study was performed to examine the effect of RNB exercise on cardiorespiratory parameters and reaction time in young, healthy human volunteers.

Materials and Methods:
In this prospective, interventional study, 110 young healthy volunteers underwent systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), pulse rate (PR), respiratory rate (RR), vital capacity (VC), peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), and reaction time (RT) examination before and after 2 weeks of performing 45 min of RNB exercise daily.

Results:
There was notable increment in SBP (113.39 ± 17.72 vs. 117.74 ± 10.83 mmHg, P = 0.002) and DBP (67.64 ± 10.32 vs. 71.27 ± 8.68 mmHg, P = 0.002). PR increased nonsignificantly (86.44 ± 12.65/min vs. 87.32 ± 13.43/min, P = 0.476). Significant decrease in RR (14.40 ± 2.48/min vs. 12.31 ± 2.23/min, P < 0.0001) was observed. VC (3.57 ± 0.57 vs. 3.82 ± 0.55 L/min, P < 0.0001) and PEFR (441.36 ± 50.22 vs. 468.91 ± 53.66 L/min, P < 0.0001) also increased significantly. Substantial reduction in auditory reaction time (ART) (165.58 ± 32.18 vs. 147.42 ± 23.39 ms, P < 0.0001) and visual reaction time (VRT) (191.04 ± 37.94 vs. 165.86 ± 28.74 ms, P < 0.0001) was seen. After engaging in cardiorespiratory exercise, the maximal heart rate (MHR) remained unchanged (P = 0.929).

Conclusion:
RNB results in increase in blood pressure, heart rate, VC, and PEFR and decrease in ART and VRT. Further studies in patients with cardiorespiratory diseases are necessary to understand its clinical utility.
Prevalence of Selected Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Their Associated Factors among People Living with HIV/AIDS in India
Authors: Sakthivel Manikandanesan , Jayaseelan Venkatachalam , Chinnakali Palanivel , Hamide Abdoul , Surendran Gayathri , Krishnamoorthy Yuvaraj 
Published: March 2024

Background:
Low- and middle-income countries face the dual problem of infectious and non-infectious diseases. Persons living with HIV/AIDS (PLHIV) are also at risk of cardiovascular diseases. Hence, we did this study to determine the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) among PLHIV and to find the factors associated with it.

Methods:
We carried out a cross-sectional analytical study among all adults aged ≥18 years registered at a facility-integrated anti-retroviral therapy center in Puducherry, India, from September 2016 to February 2018. After obtaining informed consent, we interviewed the participants to assess physical activity, alcohol, and tobacco use. We measured weight, height, abdominal circumference, and blood pressure, with biochemical investigations such as blood glucose and lipid profile.

Results:
Of the total 316 adults PLHIV studied, the most common cardiovascular risk factor found was dyslipidemia (82.7%), followed by inadequate physical activity (74.4%). Other behavioral risk factors studied, such as current tobacco use and current alcohol use, showed a prevalence of 12.8% and 5.4%, respectively, among male participants. The prevalence of hypertension among adult PLHIV studied was 15.8%, and diabetes was 12.3%. In the multivariate analysis, diabetes, and hypertension were significantly associated with age and literacy. Obesity was found to be associated with diabetes and abdominal obesity with dyslipidemia.

Conclusion:
Dyslipidemia was the most common cardiovascular risk factor, followed by inadequate physical inactivity among PLHIV. Regular screening with blood glucose, blood pressure, and lipid profile, and timely cross-referrals can help in the early detection of CVRF among PLHIV and hence improve their quality of life through appropriate treatment.
Evaluation of Serum and Salivary Lactate Dehydrogenase Levels in Patients with Oral Potentially Malignant Conditions/Lesions: A Clinical and Biochemical Study
Authors: Rao Kumuda , Babu Subhas G. , Shetty Shishir Ram , Castelino Renita Lorina 
Published: March 2024

Background:
Oral cancer encompasses all malignancies that originate in the oral tissues and remains a major public health problem throughout the world as an important case of poor health and illness. Head and neck cancer accounts for 9.8% of the estimated 6,44,600 incidental cancer cases in India. Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) is a serious and developing concern globally, accounting for more than 90% of malignant cancers of the oral cavity. Salivary diagnostics have been demonstrated to have potential in the detection and screening of oral pre-cancer and cancer in a variety of research settings. The continual and close contact between saliva and the mucosa, where cancer develops, is the foundation of this diagnostic capability.

Materials and Methods:
This research utilized spectrophotometry to quantify Lactate Dehydrogenase levels in serum and saliva of 30 healthy people which consisted the control group and 31 Oral Potentially Malignant people which constituted the study group.

Results:
On estimation and comparison, the mean Lactate Dehydrogenase levels in serum (397.4968+71.6392 IU/L) and saliva (675.4935+139.3352 IU/L) among patients with Oral Potentially malignant lesions/conditions were higher than the mean Lactate Dehydrogenase levels in serum (390.8667+71.0953 IU/L) and saliva (201.3700+89.1439 IU/L) among controls.

Conclusion:
Higher serum and salivary LDH levels in Oral Potentially malignant lesions/conditions than in control groups signifies the importance of assessing salivary LDH levels, in the prognosis of the same. Further prospective longitudinal studies are required to assess the salivary LDH levels among the patients with malignant transformation of Oral Potentially malignant lesions/conditions to oral cancers.