bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Para‐aortic lymphadenectomy improves survival in patients with intermediate to high‐risk endometrial carcinoma
Authors: CHANG SUK‐JOON , KIM WOO YOUNG , YOON JONG‐HYUCK , YOO SEUNG‐CHUL , CHANG KI‐HONG , RYU HEE‐SUG 
Published: October 2008

AbstractObjective. Surgical staging of endometrial carcinoma is practiced to identify the true extent of disease. The impact of para‐aortic lymphadenectomy (PALD) on survival is unproven. The purpose of this study was to determine if a staging procedure that includes PALD is associated with improved survival in endometrial carcinoma patients who had been surgically staged. Design. Retrospective review of patients’ records. Setting. Ajou University Hospital, a tertiary care hospital in South Korea. Population. One hundred and sixty patients with endometrial carcinoma. Methods. We retrospectively analyzed a total of 160 FIGO stage I–III endometrial carcinoma patients without grossly metastatic para‐aortic lymph nodes, who underwent surgery between 1994 and 2007. Exclusion criteria included presurgical radiation, stage IV disease and sarcomas. Two groups were identified: patients who underwent pelvic lymphadenectomy (PLD) and PALD (n = 85) versus those who underwent PLD alone (n = 75). Survival was analyzed using Kaplan–Meier method and Cox proportional hazards model. Main outcome measures. Disease‐free and overall survival. Results. Overall, patients who underwent PALD demonstrated improved 5‐year disease‐free survival (81.0 vs 91.2%) and overall survival (85.8 vs 96.2%) compared to those who underwent PLD alone (p = 0.019 and p = 0.039, respectively). After multivariate analysis, patients’ age (p = 0.028), FIGO stage (p<0.001) and lymphadenectomy (p = 0.014) were independent prognostic factors. The type of lymphadenectomy did not affect survival of low‐risk patients. In intermediate to high‐risk patients, PALD improved disease‐free survival and showed a trend toward improvement of overall survival. Conclusion. These data demonstrate that PALD has a potentially therapeutic benefit on survival in surgically staged patients with intermediate to high‐risk endometrial carcinoma.
Prognostic factors for recurrence and survival in primary vulvar squamous cell cancer
Authors: AYHAN ALI , VELIPASAOGLU MELIH , SALMAN MEHMET C. , GUVEN SULEYMAN , GULTEKIN MURAT , BAYRAKTAR ONUR 
Published: October 2008

AbstractObjective. To evaluate survival estimates and clinico‐pathological variables in women with primary vulvar squamous cancer. Design. Retrospective observational study. Setting. University hospital in Turkey. Population or sample. Patients treated for primary vulvar squamous cancer. Methods. Retrospective evaluation of demographic, pathologic and follow‐up data of 91 patients obtained from hospital records and private gynecologic oncology files. Main outcome measures. Recurrence rate and survival estimates. Results. The mean age at the time of diagnosis was 62 years. Of the women, 62% had early stage disease (stages I–II), while 39% had advanced stages (stages III–IV) at diagnosis. The overall recurrence rate was 13%. Recurrence rates were significantly higher in the presence of local wide‐deep excision as an initial treatment, larger initial tumor size, positive lymph node involvement, advanced stage, presence of ulcerative lesions and adjuvant radiotherapy. The overall and 5‐year survival estimates were 92 and 83%, respectively. Conclusion. Lymph node invasion, stage, having ulcerative lesion, receiving adjuvant therapy, tumor diameter larger than 10 mm and having local excision as primary surgery may increase the risk of recurrent disease.
Exploring the effect of Marine Protected Areas on the dynamics of fish communities in the southern Benguela: an individual-based modelling approach
Authors: Yemane Dawit , Shin Yunne-Jai , Field John G. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractYemane, D., Shin, Y-J., and Field, J. G. 2009. Exploring the effect of Marine Protected Areas on the dynamics of fish communities in the southern Benguela: an individual-based modelling approach. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 66: 378–387. Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) have been suggested as a tool that can achieve some of the goals of an Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries (EAF), e.g. prevention of overexploitation, biodiversity conservation, recovery of overexploited population, but the consequences of their establishment on the dynamics of protected components are often unclear. Spatial and multispecies models can be used to investigate the effects of their introduction. An individual-based, spatially explicit, size-structured, multispecies model (known as OSMOSE) is used to investigate the likely consequences of the introduction of three MPAs off the coast of South Africa, individually or in combination. The simultaneous introduction of the MPAs affected varying proportions of the distribution of the modelled species (5–17%) and 12% of the distribution of the whole community. In general, the introduction of the MPAs in the different scenarios resulted in a relative increase in the biomass of large predatory fish and a decrease in the biomass of small pelagic fish. The simulation demonstrates that consideration of trophic interactions is necessary when introducing MPAs, with indirect effects that may be detrimental to some (mainly smaller prey) species.
The role of the bronchial provocation challenge tests in the diagnosis of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction in elite swimmers: Table 1
Authors: Castricum A , Holzer K , Brukner P , Irving L 
Published: October 2008

BackgroundThe International Olympic Committee–Medical Commission (IOC-MC) accepts a number of bronchial provocation tests for the diagnosis of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB) in elite athletes, none of which have been studied in elite swimmers. With the suggestion of a different pathogenesis involved in the development of EIB in swimmers, there is a possibility that the recommended test for EIB in elite athletes, the eucapnic voluntary hyperpnoea (EVH) challenge, may be missing the diagnosis in elite swimmers.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of the EVH challenge, the field swim challenge and the laboratory cycle challenge in the diagnosis of EIB in elite swimmers.Design33 elite swimmers were evaluated on separate days for the presence of EIB using 3 different bronchial provocation challenge tests: an 8 minute field swim challenge, a 6 minute laboratory EVH challenge, and an 8 minute laboratory cycle challenge.Main outcome measurementsChange in forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) pre and post test protocol. A fall in FEV1from baseline of ≥10% post challenge was diagnostic of EIB.ResultsOnly 1 of the 33 subjects (3%) had a positive field swim challenge with a fall in FEV1of 16% from baseline. 18 of the 33 subjects (55%) had a positive EVH challenge, with a mean fall in FEV1of 20.4 (SD 11.7)% from baseline. 4 of the subjects (12%) had a positive laboratory cycle challenge, with a mean fall in FEV1of 14.8 (4.7)% from baseline. Only 1 of the 33 subjects was positive to all 3 challenges.ConclusionsThese results suggest that the EVH challenge is a highly sensitive challenge for identifying EIB in elite swimmers, in contrast to the laboratory and field-based exercise challenge tests, which significantly underdiagnose the condition. The EVH challenge, a well-established and standardised test for EIB in elite winter and summer land-based athletes, should thus be used for the diagnosis of EIB in elite swimmers, as recommended by the IOC-MC.
Biomechanical variables associated with Achilles tendinopathy in runners
Authors: Azevedo L B , Lambert M I , Vaughan C L , O’Connor C M , Schwellnus M P 
Published: October 2008

Objective:The aim of this study was to investigate the kinetics, kinematics and muscle activity in runners with Achilles tendinopathy.Design:Case–control study.Setting:Biomechanics laboratory.Participants:21 runners free from injury and 21 runners with Achilles tendinopathy performed 10 running trials with standardised running shoes. Injured runners were diagnosed clinically according to established diagnostic criteria. Uninjured runners had been injury-free for at least 2 years.Main outcome measurements:During each trial, kinetic and lower limb kinematic data were measured using a strain gauge force plate and six infrared cameras respectively. Electromyographic (EMG) data from six muscles (tibialis anterior (TA), peroneus longus (PE), lateral gastrocnemius (LG), rectus femoris (RF), biceps femoris (BF) and gluteus medius (GM)) were measured with a telemetric EMG system.Results:Knee range of motion (heel strike to midstance) was significantly lower in injured runners than in uninjured runners. Similarly, preactivation (integrated EMG (IEMG) in 100 ms before heel strike) of TA was lower for injured runners than uninjured runners. RF and GM IEMG activity 100 ms after heel strike was also lower in the injured group. However, impact forces were not different between the two groups.Conclusion:Altered knee kinematics and reduced muscle activity are associated with Achilles tendinopathy in runners. Rehabilitation exercises or other mechanisms (e.g. footwear) that affect kinematics and muscle activity may therefore be beneficial in the treatment of runners with Achilles tendinopathy.
Comparing the effects of entertainment media and tobacco marketing on youth smoking
Authors: Sargent J D , Gibson J , Heatherton T F 
Published: October 2008

Objectives:To examine the concurrent effects of exposure to movie smoking and tobacco marketing receptivity on adolescent smoking onset and progression.Methods:Cross-sectional study of 4524 northern New England adolescents aged 10–14 in 1999 with longitudinal follow-up of 2603 baseline never-smokers. Cross-sectional outcomes included ever tried smoking and higher level of lifetime smoking among 784 experimenters. The longitudinal outcome was onset of smoking among baseline never-smokers two years later. Movie smoking exposure was modelled as four population quartiles, tobacco marketing receptivity included two levels—having a favourite tobacco advert and wanting/owning tobacco promotional items. All analyses controlled for sociodemographics, other social influences, personality characteristics of the adolescent and parenting style.Results:In the full cross-sectional sample, 17.5% had tried smoking; both exposure to movie smoking and receptivity to tobacco marketing were associated with having tried smoking. Among experimental smokers, the majority (64%) were receptive to tobacco marketing, which had a multivariate association with higher level of lifetime smoking (movie smoking did not). In the longitudinal study 9.5% of baseline never-smokers tried smoking at follow-up. Fewer never-smokers (18.5%) were receptive to tobacco marketing. Movie smoking had a multivariate association with trying smoking (receptivity to tobacco marketing did not).Conclusions:The results suggest separate roles for entertainment media and tobacco marketing on adolescent smoking. Both exposures deserve equal emphasis from a policy standpoint.
Developing smokeless tobacco products for smokers: an examination of tobacco industry documents
Authors: Carpenter C M , Connolly G N , Ayo-Yusuf O A , Wayne G Ferris 
Published: October 2008

Objective:To investigate whether development of smokeless tobacco products (SLT) is intended to target current smokers.Methods:This study analysed internal tobacco industry documents to describe research related to the smokeless tobacco market. Relevant documents included those detailing the development and targeting of SLT products with a particular emphasis on moist snuff.Results:Cigarette and SLT manufacturers recognised that shifting demographics of SLT users, as well as indoor smoking restrictions, health concerns and reduced social acceptability of smoking could impact the growth of the SLT market. Manufacturers developed new SLT products to target cigarette smokers promoting dual cigarette and SLT use.Conclusions:Heavy marketing of new SLT products may encourage dual use and result in unknown public health effects. SLT products have been designed to augment cigarette use and offset regulatory strategies such as clean indoor air laws. In the United States, the SLT strategy may provide cigarette companies with a diversified range of products under the prospect of federal regulation. These products may pose significant challenges to efforts by federal agencies to reduce harm caused by tobacco use.
The effects of exercise capacity and sedentary lifestyle on haemostasis among middle-aged women with coronary heart disease
Authors: Janszky Imre , Eriksson-Berg Margita , Al-Khalili Faris , Schenck-Gustafsson Karin , Nagy Edit 
Published: October 2008

SummaryPrevious studies have established a link/relationship between haemostatic factors and increased risk of cardiovascular disease. In addition, physical conditioning is associated with lower coronary heart disease risk. The purpose of this study was to assess the association between physical exercise and haemostatic factors among middle-aged women surviving an acute coronary event. The Stockholm Female Coronary Risk Study included 292 women aged < 65 years, resident in the greater Stockholm area, who were hospitalized for an acute coronary syndrome. Extensive clinical screening including exercise testing, and blood tests were performed 3–6 months after the coronary event. Self-reported physical activity was assessed by a WHO questionnaire. Patients on warfarin treatment were excluded from our analyses. Haemostatic factors were generally higher among physically inactive patients when compared to physically active women in our univariate models. Exercise capacity had a statistically significant relationship with factor VII antigen (p=0.039) and vWFag (p=0.038) even in our multiadjusted analyses. Physical inactivity and poor physical fitness are associated with a potentially prothrombotic blood profile in middle aged women with coronary heart disease.
Monocyte-derived microparticles and exosomes induce procoagulant and apoptotic effects on endothelial cells
Authors: Tamari Tal , Brenner Benjamin , Aharon Anat 
Published: October 2008

SummaryMicrovesicles (MVs) which include microparticles (MPs) and exosomes are found in blood circulation in normal physiologic conditions and are increased in a variety of diseases. This study evaluated the effects of MVs on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) by morphologic changes, apoptosis, and thrombogenicty, in vitro. Stimulation of monocyte cell line (THP-1) by starvation or by endotoxin and calcium ionophore A23187 resulted in the release of MVs which express exosome marker Tsg 101, negative phospholipids in their leaflets, monocyte markers (CD18, CD14) and active tissue factor (TF). MVs were found to disrupt EC integrity and rapidly induce membrane blebbing. Brief exposure (2–4 hours) to MVs resulted in EC membrane phospholipids “flip-flop” while longer stimulation (20 hours) led to two contradicting outcomes – tube formation as well as apoptosis, as assessed by nuclear fragmentation. Additionally, MVs exposure resulted in increased cell surface thrombogenicity and perturbation of the endothelial haemostatic balance, which were enhanced during longer exposure time. Activity, antigen level and mRNA expression of the coagulation initiator TF were elevated due to (i) adherence of MVs derived TF to the EC membrane, and (ii) an increase in endothelial TF expression. Furthermore, levels of the anticoagulant tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) and thrombomodulin (TM) were decreased. These findings demonstrate that monocyte MVs increase endothelial thrombogenicity and apoptosis. In addition, they induce tube formation which may indicate their angiogenic effect. These findings may clarify, in part, the role of MVs in EC dysfunction associated with inflammatory diseases and hypercoagulable states.
Subclinical hyperthyroidism seems not to have a significant impact on systemic anticoagulation in patients with coumarin therapy
Authors: Naubereit Anna , Joe Alexius Y. , Ezziddin Samer , Biermann Kim , Risse Jörn , Palmedo Holger , Oldenburg Johannes , Biersack Hans-Jürgen , Bucerius Jan 
Published: October 2008

SummaryThere is little data regarding the impact of subclinical hyperthyroidism on coagulation metabolism in patients undergoing systemic anticoagulation therapy with coumarin derivates. In this retrospective analysis we studied 233 patients with benign thyroid disorders receiving therapeutic iodine-131, as well as concomitant systemic anticoagulation therapy (subclinical hyperthyroidism: n=178; overt hyperthyroidism: n=15; euthyroidism: n=40). Multivariate regression analyses were performed in the total study population as well as in the subgroup of patients with subclinical hyperthyroidism to identify the possible impact of several variables on anticoagulation therapy, large enough to push the International Normalized Ratio (INR) level out of the therapeutic range (INR <2.0 or >3.0).Therapy with antibiotics or nitrates was significantly associated with INR-values >3.0 in the total population, while ACE inhibitors were associated with lower incidence of INR-values <2.0. In patients with subclinical hyperthyroidism, therapy with antibiotics was predictive of INR-values >3.0, whereas therapy with thyroid suppressive drugs or TSH-values <0.1 mU/l was associated with INR-values <2.0. Moreover, in a subgroup of 40 patients with the positive history of both subclinical hyperthyroidism and euthyroidism intraindividual comparison with regard to the possible impact on anticoagulation therapy was performed which failed to show any significant differences in INR-values between the two thyroid metabolic conditions. In conclusion, subclinical hyperthyroidism seems to have no significant impact on coagulation metabolism in patients receiving anticoagulation therapy.
γA/γ’ fibrinogen inhibits thrombin-induced platelet aggregation
Authors: Lovely Rehana S. , Rein Chantelle M. , White Tara C. , Jouihan Sari A. , Boshkov Lynn K. , Bakke Antony C. , McCarty Owen J. , Farrell David H. 
Published: October 2008

SummaryThe minor γA/γ’ fibrinogen isoform contains a high affinity binding site for thrombin exosite II that is lacking in the major γA/γA fibrinogen isoform. We therefore investigated the biological consequences of the γ’ chain binding to thrombin. Thrombin-induced platelet aggregation was inhibited by γA/γ’ fibrinogen.Carboxyl terminal peptide fragment γ’410–427 from the γ’ chain was also inhibitory, with an IC50 of ∼200 µM in whole plasma. Deletion of the peptide from either the amino or carboxyl end significantly decreased inhibition. In contrast to thrombin-induced platelet aggregation, aggregation induced by epinephrine, ADP, arachidonic acid, or SFLLRN peptide showed little inhibition by the γ’ peptide. The inhibition of thrombin-induced platelet aggregation was not due to direct inhibition of the thrombin active site, since cleavage of a small peptidyl substrate was 91% of normal even in the presence of 1 mM γ’410–427.The γ’410–427 peptide blocked platelet adhesion to immobilized thrombin under both static and flow conditions,blocked soluble thrombin binding to platelet GPIbα, and inhibited PAR1 cleavage by thrombin. These results suggest that the γ’ chain of fibrinogen inhibits thrombin-induced platelet aggregation by binding to thrombin exosite II. Thrombin that is bound to the γ’ chain is thereby prevented from activating platelets, while retaining its amidolytic activity.
Analysis of platelet α2-adrenergic receptor activity in stable coronary artery disease patients on dual antiplatelet therapy
Authors: Vargová Katarína , László Ádám , Masszi Tamás , Kerecsen Gábor , Préda István , Kiss Róbert Gábor , Béres Bernát János , Tóth-Zsámboki Emese 
Published: October 2008

SummaryCombined antiplatelet therapy reduces recurrent atherothrombotic events in stable coronary disease patients; however, high residual platelet reactivity measured ex vivo still raises concerns as a condition related to treatment failure. Alpha-2 adrenoceptor enhances platelet reactivity and might contribute to this phenomenon. For the present study, 121 stable angina patients on standard dual antiplatelet therapy (75 mg clopidogrel and 100 mg acetylsalicylic acid) were recruited. Born aggregometry was performed with adenosine diphosphate (ADP),collagen and epnephrine. To verify platelet adrenergic activity, potentiation by low-dose epinephrine and inhibition by selective alpha-2 receptor blocker atipamezole were determined. To assess the P2Y12-specific residual activity, cangrelor was used. Plasma norepinephrine, soluble CD40-ligand, high-sensitivity-C-reactive protein (hsCRP) - and in 24 subjects platelet P-selectin positivity were measured. Epinephrine - at very low concentration (10-9g/ml) - significantly potentiates (1.25 µM ADP: 26.5% vs. 43%; 5 µM ADP: 53% vs. 64.5%; collagen: 17% vs 42%, p<0.001) while atipamezole inhibits ADP- and collagen-induced platelet aggregations (1.25 µM ADP: 26.5% vs. 23%; 5 µM ADP: 53% vs. 47%;collagen:17% vs.11%,p<0.001).Patients with high adrenergic activity have significantly increased baseline ADP- and collagen-induced platelet aggregation. Based on cangrelor’s efficacy, these patients have significantly more residual P2Y12 activity as well.HsCRP and soluble CD40-ligand levels were similar.In conclusion, stable coronary heart disease patients with prominent adrenoceptor activity in vitro have significantly increased platelet aggregability and more functional P2Y12 receptor, indicating poor inhibitory response to thienopyridines.Therefore,platelet adrenergic receptor represents a considerable, dynamic factor of high residual platelet reactivity and might contribute to cardiovascular events indicating failure of antiplatelet therapy.
The synthetic pentasaccharide fondaparinux prevents coronary microvascular injury and myocardial dysfunction in the ischemic heart
Authors: Lancel Steve , Decoster Brigitte , Asseman Philippe , Montaigne David , Marechal Xavier , Neviere Remi 
Published: October 2008

SummaryFondaparinux is a synthetic pentasaccharide with powerful anticoagulant properties, which may also reduce ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in vivo.However,the relative contributions of the anticoagulant and anti-inflammatory activities of fondaparinux to the observed protection are unknown.To address this issue, a crystalloid-perfused heart model was used to assess potential effects of fondaparinux on IR-induced heart injury in the absence of blood. Fondaparinux protects the ischemic myocardium independently of its haemostasis effects. Fondaparinux improved post ischemic myocardial contractile performance and tissue damage. These beneficial effects of fondaparinux may be related to the observed reduction in IR-induced oxidative stress and endothelial activation. In addition, fondaparinux altered NADPH oxidase activity and phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2, suggesting activation of survival signaling pathways. The present study provides novel information by demonstrating that fondaparinux can attenuate inflammatory responses and oxidative stress in connection with IR heart injury. These findings could represent a potential therapeutic strategy for the prevention of myocardial dysfunction.