bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cartilage-derived biomarkers of osteoarthritis in synovial fluid of dogs with naturally acquired rupture of the cranial cruciate ligament
Authors: Johnson Kenneth A. , Hay Callum W. , Chu Qili , Roe Simon C. , Caterson Bruce 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To compare synovial fluid biomarkers of cartilage metabolism in joints with naturally acquired or experimentally induced cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) rupture and determine correlations with stage and severity of disease in dogs.Animals—95 dogs with ruptured CCL, 8 dogs with experimentally ruptured CCL, and 24 healthy dogs.Procedure—Synovial fluid was assayed for chondroitin sulfate neo-epitopes 3B3(–) and 7D4 and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) concentration. Results were correlated with demographic data, duration of lameness, radiographic osteoarthritis score, and intra-articular lesions.Results—The 7D4 concentrations and 7D4:GAG in synovial fluid from joints with naturally acquired CCL rupture and experimental CCL transection were similar and significantly greater than values for healthy control joints. The 3B3(–) concentrations in the CCL-deficient groups were not significantly different, although only values in the naturally acquired CCL rupture group were significantly greater than those in the healthy control group. Within the naturally acquired CCL rupture group there was a significant correlation between 3B3(–) and 7D4 concentrations. However, there were no significant correlations between biomarker concentrations and continuous demographic or diseaserelated variables or differences in biomarker concentrations with different categories of disease.Conclusion and Clinical Relevance—Synovial fluid biomarker concentrations were significantly increased in joints with secondary osteoarthritis associated with naturally acquired or experimental CCL rupture; however, lack of apparently simple relationships with demographic variables or stage or severity of disease limits their clinical usefulness. (Am J Vet Res2002;63:775–781)
Anti-inflammatory effects of carprofen, carprofen enantiomers, and NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester in sheep
Authors: Cheng Zhangrui , Nolan Andrea , McKellar Quintin A. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To assess anti-inflammatory effects of
carprofen (CPF), CPF enantiomers, and NG-nitro-L-arginine
methyl ester (L-NAME) in sheep.

Animals—8 sheep.

Procedure—Sheep with SC tissue cages were used.
After intracaveal injection of 1% carrageenan, sheep
were given single doses of racemic (Rac; 50:50 mixture
of S[+] and R[–] enantiomers)-CPF (4.0 mg/kg),
R(–)CPF (2.0 mg/kg), S(+)CPF (2.0 mg/kg), L-NAME
(25 mg/kg), and placebo (PLB) IV in a crossover
design.

Results—Rac-CPF and S(+)CPF inhibited serum
thromboxane2 (TXB2) and exudate prostaglandin
(PG)E2 generation significantly for 32 hours. Maximal
inhibitory effect for serum TXB2 was 79 ± 3% for Rac-
CPF and 68 ± 6% for S(+)CPF. The Rac-CPF and
S(+)CPF induced 50 to 98% reversible inhibitory
effect for exudate PGE2 generation during a 4- to 32-
hour period. The R(–)CPF and L-NAME attenuated
serum TXB2 generation significantly. The R(–)CPF did
not affect exudate PGE2 production, whereas L-NAME
potentiated exudate, PGE2 generation by 30% during
4 to 32 hours. The S(+)CPF and L-NAME increased
leukotriene B4 generation and WBC recruitment in
exudate although significance was achieved only at a
few time points. Increase in skin temperature over
inflammatory cages was effectively inhibited by Rac-
CPF and S(+)CPF but not by R(–)CPF.

Conclusion and Clinical Relevance—Carprofen is a
potent cyclooxygenase inhibitor in vivo in sheep, and
its anti-inflammatory effects are attributable only to
S(+)CPF in Rac-CPF. Nitric oxide may enhance
eicosanoid production and accelerate the acute
inflammatory process. (Am J Vet Res 2002;63:
782–788)
Evaluation of leukotriene biosynthetic capacity in lung tissues from horses with recurrent airway obstruction
Authors: Lindberg Åsa , Näsman-Glaser Barbro , Lindgren Jan Åke , Robinson N. Edward 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To evaluate leukotriene (LT) biosynthetic capacity in lung tissue from healthy horses and horses with recurrent airway obstruction (RAO).Sample Population—Lung parenchyma and airway specimens from 8 RAO-affected and 5 healthy horses.Procedure—Horses were stabled for ≥ 72 hours. Blood was drawn before euthanasia, after which lung specimens were collected. Tissue strips from small airways and parenchyma were incubated in organ baths with the precursor LTA4or stimulated with calcium ionophore A23187 or the tripeptide N-formyl- Met-Leu-Phe (fMLP), with or without exogenous arachidonic acid, in the presence of isolated blood neutrophils.Results—Stabling induced typical clinical signs of airway obstruction in RAO-affected horses but not control horses. When lung parenchyma or airway specimens from both groups of horses were incubated with calcium ionophore, with or without arachidonic acid, they did not form LT. In contrast, addition of LTA4to both tissues resulted in conversion to LTB4, although concentrations of LTC4were negligible in airways and parenchymal strips from healthy and RAOaffected horses. Incubation of airway and parenchymal strips with suspensions of autologous neutrophils did not influence formation of LT stimulated by calcium ionophore or fMLP, with or without exogenous arachidonic acid.Conclusion and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that lung parenchyma and airway tissues themselves are not of substantial importance for LT formation in the lungs, although these tissues possessed some LTA4hydrolase activity, enabling LTB4formation. It may be speculated that LTB4originates primarily from neutrophils and may play a role in the inflammatory events of RAO. (Am J Vet Res2002; 63:794–798)
Whole-blood concentrations of glutathione in cattle exposed to heat stress or a combination of heat stress and endophyte-infected tall fescue toxins in controlled environmental conditions
Authors: Lakritz Jeffrey , Leonard Michael J. , Eichen Peggy A. , Rottinghaus George E. , Johnson Gayle C. , Spiers Donald E. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To determine whether cattle exposed to
heat stress alone or heat stress while consuming
endophyte-infected fescue (EIF) have lower wholeblood
(WB) concentrations of glutathione (GSH).

Animals—10 Simmental cows.

Procedure—Cows were sequentially exposed to thermoneutral
(TN; 2 weeks; 18 C, 50% relative humidity
[RH]), heat stress (HS; 2 weeks; alternating 4-hour
intervals at 26 and 33 C; 50% RH), and heat stress
while consuming EIF (10 µg of ergovaline/kg/d; 2
weeks; HS + EIF). Blood samples were collected after
each period and tested for GSH and oxidized glutathione
(GSSG) concentrations.

Results—Feed consumption was similar when data
were analyzed for time points at which WB concentrations
of GSH or GSSG were determined. However,
significant effects of treatment, cow, days exposed to
heat, cow-by-treatment interaction, and treatment-bydays
exposed to heat interaction were detected when
data were considered simultaneously. Mean ± SD
hematocrit for TN, HS, and HS + EIF were 35.3 ± 3,
33.3 ± 2, and 37.1 ± 3%, respectively. Mean WBGSH
concentrations for TN, HS, and HS + EIF were 3.2 ±
0.65, 2.7 ± 0.62, and 2.4 ± 0.56 mmol/L of RBC,
respectively. Reduced WBGSH concentrations were
associated with reduced feed intake during the later
part of each heat period.

Conclusion and Clinical Relevance—Decreased
GSH and increased GSSG concentrations were evident
during heat stress, especially when cattle consumed
EIF. These were associated with reduced feed
intake during heat stress. Heat stress, reductions in
feed intake, and thermoregulatory effects of EIF may
induce oxidative stress in cattle. (Am J Vet Res
2002;63:799–803)
Evaluation of intestinal intramucosal pH, arterial and portal venous blood gas values, and intestinal blood flow during small intestinal ischemia and reperfusion in dogs
Authors: Nezu Yoshinori , Sakaue Yoko , Hara Yasushi , Tsuchida Shuichi , Yokota Fumiyo , Takahashi Kimimasa , Tagawa Masahiro 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To determine whether small intestinal
ischemia and reperfusion affects intestinal intramucosal
pH (pHi), arterial and portal venous blood gas
values, and intestinal blood flow (IBF) and to investigate
relationships between regional intestinal tissue
oxygenation and systemic variables in dogs.

Animals—15 healthy adult Beagles.

Procedure—Occlusion of superior mesenteric artery
(SMA) for 0, 30, or 60 minutes, followed by reperfusion
for 180 minutes, was performed; IBF, pHi, arterial and
portal venous blood gas values, arterial pressure, and
heart rate were measured at various time points; and
intestinal mucosal injury was histologically graded.

Results—Occlusion of the SMA induced significant
decreases in pHi and IBF. After the release of the
occlusion, IBF returned rapidly to baseline values, but
improvement in pHi was slow. Arterial and portal
venous blood gas analyses were less sensitive than
tonometric measurements of pHi, and there was no
correlation between results of blood gas analyses and
tonometric measurements. Histologic score for intestinal
mucosal injury increased significantly, depending
on duration of ischemia, and there was a correlation
between tonometric results and the histologic score.

Conclusion and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest
that it is difficult to accurately evaluate local oxygenation
disorders by monitoring at the systemic
level, whereas clinically pHi is the only reliable indicator
of inadequate regional intestinal tissue oxygenation
in dogs. (Am J Vet Res 2002;63:804–810)
Evaluation of lipopolysaccharide-induced activation of equine neutrophils
Authors: Weiss Douglas J. , Evanson Oral A. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To evaluate lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- induced activation of equine neutrophils in blood.Sample Population—Blood samples from 5 healthy adult Thoroughbreds.Procedure—Neutrophil integrin (CD11/CD18) expression, size variation, degranulation, and deformability were measured with and without incubation with LPS. Time and concentration studies were done. The mechanism of endotoxin-induced neutrophil activation was investigated by inactivating complement or preincubating neutrophils with inhibitors of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) synthesis, prostaglandin-leukotriene synthesis, or plateletactivating factor.Results—Incubation of equine neutrophils with LPS increased cell surface expression of CD11/CD18, decreased neutrophil deformability, increased and decreased neutrophil size, and induced neutrophil degranulation. The LPS-induced neutrophil activation was attenuated by addition of inhibitors of TNF-α and prostaglandin-leukotriene synthesis.Conclusion and Clinical Relevance—Equine neutrophils are readily activated in vitro by LPS, resulting in increased expression of integrin adhesion molecules, decreased deformability, variation in neutrophil size, and degranulation. The tests used to detect activated neutrophils in this study may be useful in detecting in vivo neutrophil activation in horses with sepsis and endotoxemia. (Am J Vet Res2002;63:811–815)
Evaluation of the genetic basis of tricuspid valve dysplasia in Labrador Retrievers
Authors: Famula Thomas R. , Siemens Lori M. , Davidson Autumn P. , Packard Martin 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To quantify inheritance of tricuspid valve
dysplasia (TVD) in a population of Labrador Retrievers
and evaluate the possibility of the effect of a major
locus on TVD.

Animals—521 Labrador Retrievers (345 with known
phenotypes and 176 related dogs with unknown phenotypes).

Procedure—Dogs were considered normal, equivocal,
and affected for TVD on the basis of echocardiographic
appearance of the tricuspid valves.
Information on related dogs was collected for estimation
of heritability of the 3 categories of phenotype,
using a threshold model. Complex segregation analysis
was performed to evaluate the possibility of the
effect of a major locus on TVD.

Results—Heritability of TVD in this population of
dogs was found to be 0.71, a value sufficiently large
to suggest a segregating major locus. Subsequent
complex segregation analysis did not provide sufficiently
strong evidence to indicate influence of a
major locus on the prevalence of TVD. However, complex
segregation analysis for 2 categories of phenotype
(eg, equivocal dogs were grouped with affected
dogs) suggested that there was a single recessive
allele with a substantial impact on the expression of
TVD.

Conclusion and Clinical Relevance—In Labrador
Retrievers, TVD is a heritable disorder. Affected dogs
and dogs closely related to affected dogs should not
be used for breeding. There was insufficient evidence
to suggest the influence of a major locus on TVD,
although this conclusion was affected by the classification
of dogs for diagnosis of the condition.
(Am J Vet Res 2002;63:816–820)
Effects of selegiline, phenylpropanolamine, or a combination of both on physiologic and behavioral variables in healthy dogs
Authors: Cohn Leah A. , Dodam John R. , Szladovits Balazs 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To determine effects of selegiline
hydrochloride, phenylpropanolamine (PPA), or a combination
of both on physiologic and behavioral variables
in dogs.

Animals—40 adult hound-type dogs.

Procedure—Dogs were assigned to 4 groups. One
group received selegiline (1 mg/kg, PO, q 24 h) and
PPA (1.1 mg/kg, PO, q 8 h), a second group received
selegiline alone, a third group received PPA alone, and
a fourth group received neither drug. Dogs were
observed 3 times/d throughout the 30-day study (daily
during the first week, on alternate days during the
next 2 weeks, and again daily during the final week).
Observers recorded rectal temperature, pulse, respiratory
rate, oscillometric blood pressure, and lead-II
ECG and assessed 4 behaviors, using an analogue
scale. Variables were compared among treatment
groups by use of a 2-factor ANOVA with data categorized
into three 10-day treatment periods. A similar
comparison was made among treatment groups with
data categorized by time of observation (morning,
afternoon, or evening) for all study days.

Results—Variables did not differ among groups at
study initiation. Pulse rate was the only variable that
differed significantly among treatment groups during
the study. During the first 10 days of treatment, dogs
receiving PPA had a lower pulse rate than dogs that
did not. Although signs of illness were apparent in a
few dogs, illness did not appear to be related to treatment.

Conclusion and Clinical Relevance—Adverse
effects were not detected after administration of
selegiline, PPA, or a combination of the drugs in
healthy dogs. (Am J Vet Res 2002;63:827–832)
Effects of the calcium channel antagonist amlodipine in cats with surgically induced hypertensive renal insufficiency
Authors: Mathur Sheerin , Syme Harriet , Brown Cathy A. , Elliot Jonathan , Moore Phillip A. , Newell Melvin A. , Munday John S. , Cartier Leslie M. , Sheldon Suzanne E. , Brown Scott A. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine whether amlodipine besylate decreases systemic arterial blood pressure (BP) and reduces the prevalence of complications in cats with induced hypertensive renal insufficiency.Animals—20 cats with partial nephrectomy.Procedure—Following reduction in renal mass, 10 cats were administered 0.25 mg of amlodipine/kg, PO, q 24 h (group A). Ten cats served as a control group (group C). Systolic BP (SBP), diastolic BP (DBP), and mean BP (MBP), physical activity, and pulse rate were measured continuously for 36 days by use of radiotelemetric devices.Results—Compared with values for clinically normal cats, SBP, DBP, and MBP were significantly increased in cats of group C. Cats in group A had significant reductions in SBP, DBP, and MBP, compared with values for cats in group C. Albuminuria but not urine protein- to-creatinine ratio was significantly correlated (R2= 0.317) with SBP in hypertensive cats. Prevalence of ocular lesions attributable to systemic hypertension in group C (7 cats) was greater than that observed in group A (2). Two cats in group C were euthanatized on day 16 because of nuerologic complications attributed to systemic hypertension. One normotensive cat in group A was euthanatized because of purulent enteritis of unknown cause on day 27.Conclusion and Clinical Relevance—Amlodipine had an antihypertensive effect in cats with coexistent systemic hypertension and renal insufficiency. Its use may improve the prognosis for cats with systemic hypertension by decreasing the risk of ocular injury or neurologic complications induced by high BP. (Am J Vet Res2002;63:833–839)
Kinetics of urinary recovery of five sugars after orogastric administration in healthy dogs
Authors: Steiner Jörg M. , Williams David A. , Moeller Erik M. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To describe the kinetics of urinary recovery (UR) of 5 sugars used for gastrointestinal permeability and mucosal function testing following orogastric administration of lactose, rhamnose, xylose, methylglucose, and sucrose.Animals—7 healthy male Beagles.Procedure—A sugar solution containing lactulose, rhamnose, xylose, methylglucose, and sucrose was administered by orogastric intubation to healthy dogs. Urine samples were collected immediately before sugar solution administration (baseline) and at 2-hour intervals thereafter. The UR of the 5 sugars was determined from urine concentrations measured by high pressure liquid chromatography and pulsed amperometric detection. Percent urinary recovery (%UR) of the total UR up to 12 hours after sugar solution administration was calculated for each sugar at 2-hour intervals.Results—Mean %UR exceeded 85% for all 5 sugars at 6 hours after orogastric administration of the sugar solution and exceeded 90% after 8 hours.Conclusion and Clinical Relevance—In healthy dogs, a urine collection period of 6 hours is sufficient for gastrointestinal permeability and mucosal function testing following orogastric administration of lactulose, rhamnose, xylose, methylglucose, and sucrose. (Am J Vet Res2002;63:845–848)
Electromyographic changes of motor unit activity in horses with induced hypocalcemia and hypomagnesemia
Authors: Wijnberg Inge D. , Kolk Johannes H. van der , Franssen Hessel , Breukink Henk J. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine whether electromyographic abnormalities are evident in skeletal muscles in horses with induced hypocalcemia and hypomagnesemia.Animals—7 healthy adult Dutch Warmblood horses.Procedure—Electromyographic examination was performed in the lateral vastus, triceps, and subclavian muscles before and after IV infusion of EDTA. An initial dose (mean ± SD, 564 ± 48 ml) of a 10% solution of sodium EDTA was administered IV during a period of 21 ± 7.3 minutes to establish a blood concentration of ionized calcium of approximately 0.5 mMol/L. Average rate of EDTA infusion to maintain ionized calcium at this concentration was 6.6 ml/min.Results—Mean blood concentrations of ionized calcium and magnesium were 1.39 ± 0.06 and 0.84 ± 0.09 mM, respectively before EDTA infusion; after EDTA infusion, concentrations were 0.48 ± 0.05 and 0.44 ± 0.20 mM, respectively. This state induced positive waves; fibrillation potentials; doublets, triplets, and multiplets; complex repetitive discharges; and neuromyotonia. Analysis of motor unit action potentials (MUAP) after EDTA infusion revealed an increase in prevalence of polyphasic and complex MUAP in all muscles.Conclusion and Clinical Relevance—None of the horses had classical signs of hypocalcemia and hypomagnesemia. In contrast, all horses had spontaneous activity in the measured muscles indicative of nerve hyperirritability. Calcium and magnesium deficits appear to have consequences, which may be subclinical, affecting functions of the neuromuscular system. This is of interest for equestrian sports in which hypocalcemia and hypomagnesemia are expected, such as during endurance rides. (Am J Vet Res2002;63:849–856)
Effects of an abrupt increase of starch-rich concentrates in the diet of dairy cows on concentrations of volatile fatty acids in the rumen and large intestine and on myoelectric activity of the spiral colon
Authors: Meylan Mireille , Eicher Richard , Blum Jürg W. , Steiner Adrian 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To describe the effects of an abrupt increase of concentrates in the diet of dairy cows on myoelectric activity of the spiral colon and on fermentation patterns in the rumen and large intestine.Animals—6 healthy lactating Simmental X Red- Holstein cows.Procedure—The diet of 6 cows implanted with bipolar electrodes in the spiral colon was changed from hay only to a ration of 50% hay:50% starch-rich concentrates during a period of 60 hours. Myoelectric activity of the spiral colon, concentrations of absolute and undissociated volatile fatty acids (VFA), and pH of ruminal and large intestinal contents were monitored before, during, and after the dietary change.Results—Significant changes in patterns of myoelectric activity of the spiral colon were restricted to phases III and IV of the bovine migrating myoelectric complex and to propagation velocity. Significant alterations were not observed in pH or VFA concentrations in ruminal fluid, but pH decreased and VFA concentrations increased significantly in fecal specimens after the change of diet.Conclusion and Clinical Relevance—Although rumen fluid is of limited value for measurement of certain indicators of fermentation, fecal samples can be used for measurement of pH and VFA concentrations, which serve as indicators of fermentation patterns in the large intestine. Increased concentrations of VFA and low pH in large intestinal digesta have a minimal influence on myoelectric activity of the spiral colon. Increased luminal VFA concentrations are unlikely to play an important role in the etiopathogenesis of motility disorders of the large intestine in cattle. (Am J Vet Res2002;63:857–867)
Effect of seminal plasma concentration and various extenders on postthaw motility and glass wool-Sephadex filtration of cryopreserved stallion semen
Authors: Alghamdi Abdorrahman S. , Troedsson Mats H. T. , Xue Jay L. , Crabo Bo G. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To compare the effect of semen extender
and seminal plasma on postthaw motility and filtration
through a glass wool-Sephadex (GWS) filter for frozen
stallion semen.

Sample Population—7 stallions from which we collected
≥ 3 ejaculates/stallion.

Procedure—4 experiments were conducted to evaluate
postthaw quality of frozen stallion semen.
Kenney extender was compared with glucose-EDTA
extender by use of various dilution rates that resulted
in differing concentrations of seminal plasma. Stallions
known to produce semen with poor postthaw quality
were used to investigate whether a particular extender
or dilution rate could improve ability of such semen
to survive freeze-thaw procedures.

Results—Use of Kenney extender as the centrifugation
extender significantly improved postthaw motility
and GWS filtration, compared with glucose-EDTA.
Extending semen at a dilution of 1:3 was significantly
better than 1:1 for both motility and GWS filtration. In
addition, including seminal plasma at a concentration
of 5% in the cryopreserved semen resulted in significantly
higher yield of spermatozoa after GWS filtration,
compared with complete removal of SP or use of
seminal plasma at 25%. Lastly, semen with poor
postthaw quality had significantly improved postthaw
quality in regard to motility and GWS filtration when
semen was frozen with seminal plasma at a concentration
of 5%, compared with semen frozen with
seminal plasma at a concentration of 25%.

Conclusion and Clinical Relevance—Use of Kenney
extender at a high dilution (≥ 1:3) immediately after collection
of semen can improve postthaw quality of
frozen stallion semen. (Am J Vet Res
2002;63:880–885)