bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The development of antisocial behavior: What can we learn from functional neuroimaging studies?
Authors: Crowe S. L. , Blair R. J. R. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe recent development of low-risk imaging technologies, such as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), have had a significant impact on the investigation of psychopathologies in children and adolescents. This review considers what we can infer from fMRI work regarding the development of conduct disorder (CD) and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD). We make two central assumptions that are grounded in the empirical literature. First, the diagnoses of CD and ODD identify individuals with heterogeneous pathologies; that is, different developmental pathologies can receive a CDD or ODD diagnosis. This is indicated by the comorbidities associated with CD/ODD, some of which appear to be mutually exclusive at the biological level (e.g., posttraumatic stress disorder [PTSD] and psychopathic tendencies). Second, two populations of antisocial individuals can be identified: those that show an increased risk for only reactive aggression and those that show an increased risk for both reactive and instrumental aggression. We review the fMRI data indicating that particular comorbidities of CD/ODD (i.e., mood and anxiety conditions such as childhood bipolar disorder and PTSD) are associated with either increased responsiveness of neural regions implicated in the basic response to threat (e.g., the amygdala) or decreased responsiveness in regions of frontal cortex (e.g., ventromedial frontal cortex) that are implicated in the regulation of the basic threat response. We suggest why such pathology would increase the risk for reactive aggression and, in turn, lead to the association with a CD/ODD diagnosis. We also review the literature on psychopathic tendencies, a condition where the individual is at significantly elevated risk for both reactive and instrumental aggression. We show that in individuals with psychopathic tendencies, the functioning of the amygdala in stimulus-reinforcement learning and of the ventromedial frontal cortex in the representation of reinforcement expectancies is impaired. We suggest why such pathology would increase the risk for reactive and instrumental aggression and thus also lead to the association with a CD/ODD diagnosis.
Altered amygdala and hippocampus function in adolescents with hypercortisolemia: A functional magnetic resonance imaging study of Cushing syndrome
Authors: Maheu Françoise S. , Mazzone Luigi , Merke Deborah P. , Keil Margaret F. , Stratakis Constantine A. , Pine Daniel S. , Ernst Monique 
Published: October 2008

AbstractChronic elevations of endogenous cortisol levels have been shown to alter medial temporal cortical structures and to be accompanied by declarative memory impairments and depressive symptoms in human adults. These effects of elevated endogenous levels of cortisol have not been directly studied in adolescents. Because adolescents with Cushing syndrome show endogenous elevations in cortisol, they represent a unique natural model to study the effects of prolonged hypercortisolemia on brain function, and memory and affective processes during this developmental stage. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we compared 12 adolescents with Cushing syndrome with 22 healthy control adolescents on amygdala and anterior hippocampus activation during an emotional faces encoding task. None of these adolescents manifested depressive symptoms. Encoding success was assessed using a memory recognition test performed after the scan. The fMRI analyses followed an event-related design and were conducted using the SPM99 platform. Compared to healthy adolescents, patients with Cushing syndrome showed greater left amygdala and right anterior hippocampus activation during successful face encoding. Memory performance for faces recognition did not differ between groups. This first study of cerebral function in adolescents with chronic endogeneous hypercortisolemia due to Cushing syndrome demonstrates the presence of functional alterations in amygdala and hippocampus, which are not associated with affective or memory impairments. Such findings need to be followed by work examining the role of age and related brain maturational stage on these effects, as well as the identification of possible protective factors conferring resilience to affective and cognitive consequences in this disease and/or during this stage of cerebral development.
Linear, bounded, functional pretty-printing
Authors: SWIERSTRA S. DOAITSE , CHITIL OLAF 
Published: October 2008

AbstractWe present two implementations of Oppen's pretty-printing algorithm in Haskell that meet the efficiency of Oppen's imperative solution but have a simpler and a clear structure. We start with an implementation that uses lazy evaluation to simulate two co-operating processes. Then we present an implementation that uses higher-order functions for delimited continuations to simulate co-routines with explicit scheduling.
Creation of an intraatrial tunnel to produce a total cavo-pulmonary connection in a patient with dominant right ventricle, totally anomalous pulmonary venous connection, and pulmonary atresia with non-confluent pulmonary arteries
Authors: Sughimoto Koichi , Aoki Mitsuru , Fujiwara Tadashi 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe surgical strategy for patients having a functionally single ventricle associated with totally anomalous pulmonary venous connection and pulmonary atresia with non-confluent pulmonary artery has yet to be agreed. We created an intraatrial tunnel to produce a total cavo-pulmonary connection in such a patient, also creating a confluence for the pulmonary arteries. By minimizing the use of the GoreTex patch, the patient was able to discontinue the use of warfarin.
A practical and transferable new protocol for treadmill testing of children and adults*
Authors: Dubowy Karl-Otto , Baden Winfried , Bernitzki Stefan , Peters Brigitte 
Published: October 2008

AbstractBackgroundIt is just as vital to have an exact overview of the physical fitness of young and growing people as it is for adults. The currently used exercise protocols have limitations in healthy small children, and in senior citizens. In particular with chronically ill patients, regardless of their age, there is a need for an exercise protocol that permits observations over the long term. With this need in mind, we have designed a new transferable standardised exercise protocol, constructing reference values based on improved assessments on a treadmill that permitted stepwise increases of speed and gradient every 90 seconds – the so called treadmill protocol from the German Society of Paediatric Cardiology.ObjectivesWe investigated the exercise performance in a healthy Caucasian population ranging in age from 4 to 75 years.MethodsWe measured, using a prospective study design, the distance run, the endurance, and the consumption of oxygen in 548 females and 647 males undergoing an enhanced spiroergometric treadmill protocol in two centres.Results and conclusionsUntil puberty, boys and girls have the same indicators of exercise performance. Subsequent to puberty, uptake of oxygen and distance run differ, with males showing higher uptake of oxygen. There is still an age-dependent dynamic of peak uptake of oxygen related to body surface area. Using these new reference values, covering the whole range of age, it proves possible to compare performance during growth and aging of the individual. In this fashion, we have calculated centiles for all recorded variables. External calibration, validation and quality control ensures transferability of our data to other spiroergometry units.
Some questions concerning Hrushovski's amalgamation constructions
Authors: Hasson Assaf 
Published: October 2008

AbstractIn order to construct a counterexample to Zilber's conjecture—that a strongly minimal set has a degenerate, affine or field-like geometry—Ehud Hrushovski invented an amalgamation technique which has yielded all the exotic geometries so far. We shall present a framework for this construction in the language of standard geometric stability and show how some of the recent constructions fit into this setting. We also ask some fundamental questions concerning this method.
p/CAF modulates the activity of the transcription factor p48/Ptf1a involved in pancreatic acinar differentiation
Authors: Rodolosse Annie , Campos Maria-Luisa , Rooman Ilse , Lichtenstein Mathieu , Real Francisco X. 
Published: October 2008

p48, also called Ptf1a (pancreas-specific transcription factor 1a), is a tissue-restricted bHLH (basic helix loop helix) transcription factor which is critical for pancreatic commitment during development and for the activation and maintenance of the acinar differentiation programme in the exocrine pancreas. High-level expression of exocrine digestive enzymes, a hallmark of mature acinar cells, depends largely on the trimeric complex PTF1, formed by p48, RBP-L (recombination signal-binding protein 1-like) and a class A bHLH protein. In addition, p48 induces cell-cycle exit by controlling G1/S-phase progression. However, the mechanisms that mediate PTF1-dependent gene activation are poorly understood. In the present study, we report that p48 increases transcription through two activation domains located in its N-terminal region by recruiting transcriptional co-activators. The histone acetyltransferase cofactor p/CAF {p300/CBP [CREB (cAMP-response-element-binding protein)-binding protein]-associated factor} interacts with p48 in acinar cells in vivo and is associated with the promoter region of acinar genes targeted by the PTF1 complex. p/CAF potentiates PTF1 transcriptional activity by enhancing selectively the p48 transactivation activity. p/CAF promotes the nuclear accumulation of p48 and its in vivo acetylation in Lys200. The K200R mutation abolishes the transcriptional activity of p48, as well as its capacity to functionally co-operate with RBP-L to ensure effective PTF1-driven transcription, indicating that p/CAF-mediated acetylation of p48 is required for the full transcriptional activity of PTF1. In contrast, p/CAF did not co-operate with p48 in its growth regulatory effects. These results support a critical and selective role of p/CAF in PTF1-dependent gene activation during acinar differentiation.
Language Outcomes of Late Talking Toddlers at Preschool and Beyond
Authors: Roos Elizabeth M. , Weismer Susan Ellis 
Published: October 2008

Abstract
Toddlers who demonstrate delayed onset and progression of expressive language in conjunction with otherwise age-appropriate development are often referred to as “late talkers.” For speech-language pathologists who provide early identification and intervention of children who are late talkers, the ability to ascertain whether children ultimately recover or go on to experience difficulties throughout their school years into adulthood is of significant interest. This article summarizes criteria for the identification of late talkers based on research to date, and considers outcomes of late talking toddlers in preschool, kindergarten, and beyond.
The Aerodigestive Clinic: Multidisciplinary Management of Pediatric Dysphagia
Authors: Haibeck Laura , Mandell David L. 
Published: October 2008

Abstract
The purposes of this article are (a) to explore the relationship between pediatric upper airway obstruction and dysphagia and (b) to highlight the benefits of using a multidisciplinary approach when assessing infants and children with upper respiratory and swallowing disorders. The functions of breathing and swallowing are tightly coordinated in infants and young children, and pediatric upper airway disorders can often adversely affect the swallowing mechanism and may even predispose the individual to aspiration. Some of the more common causes of pediatric airway obstruction seen in this setting are laryngomalacia, vocal fold paralysis, laryngeal cleft, and Pierre Robin's sequence. In the setting of all of these disorders, associations may also exist with gastroesophageal reflux (GER) and laryngopharyngeal reflux, and this topic is also reviewed. In the multidisciplinary assessment of young children with aerodigestive disorders, fiberoptic flexible endoscopic evaluation of swallowing has gained traction as a useful test for simultaneous evaluation of pediatric upper airway obstruction and dysphagia and has provided complimentary information to the more traditional pediatric videofluoroscopic swallowing evaluation. A representative case study is provided that illustrates the relationship between pediatric upper airway obstruction and dysphagia and demonstrates the effectiveness of a multidisciplinary approach.
Response to Intervention: My Perspective
Authors: Schussler Kelly Farquharson 
Published: October 2008

Abstract
Implementing new programs within a school system is a challenge often faced by educators, but one that can be successfully addressed through discussions among faculty both within and outside one's school system. It is never easy to make a change in procedures, but, with the help of our colleagues, it can sometimes go more smoothly. The purpose of this article is to provide the reader with insight into one school system's journey through the Response to Intervention (RTI) initiative.
A View From the Field: Early Intervening and RTI
Authors: Fitzgerald Mary Dale , Driggins Sylvia B. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThis article describes the evolution of the early intervention process for children with speech and language needs in Tennessee and the impact of recent legislative changes in IDEA-2004 and NCLB on this process. Response to intervention (RTI) models have dramatically influenced new service delivery models and the roles of school-based clinicians. Future challenges for educational speech-language pathologists in developing collaborative partnerships and problem-solving team approaches with general and special educators are considered.
Strategies to Prevent Central Line–Associated Bloodstream Infections in Acute Care Hospitals
Authors: Marschall Jonas , Mermel Leonard A. , Classen David , Arias Kathleen M. , Podgorny Kelly , Anderson Deverick J. , Burstin Helen , Calfee David P. , Coffin Susan E. , Dubberke Erik R. , Fraser Victoria , Gerding Dale N. , Griffin Frances A. , Gross Peter , Kaye Keith S. , Klompas Michael , Lo Evelyn , Nicolle Lindsay , Pegues David A. , Perl Trish M. , Saint Sanjay , Salgado Cassandra D. , Weinstein Robert A. , Wise Robert , Yokoe Deborah S. 
Published: October 2008

Previously published guidelines are available that provide comprehensive recommendations for detecting and preventing healthcare-associated infections. The intent of this document is to highlight practical recommendations in a concise format designed to assist acute care hospitals in implementing and prioritizing their central line–associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) prevention efforts. Refer to the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America/Infectious Diseases Society of America “Compendium of Strategies to Prevent Healthcare-Associated Infections” Executive Summary and Introduction and accompanying editorial for additional discussion.1. Patients at risk for CLABSIs in acute care facilitiesa. Intensive care unit (ICU) population: The risk of CLABSI in ICU patients is high. Reasons for this include the frequent insertion of multiple catheters, the use of specific types of catheters that are almost exclusively inserted in ICU patients and associated with substantial risk (eg, arterial catheters), and the fact that catheters are frequently placed in emergency circumstances, repeatedly accessed each day, and often needed for extended periods.b. Non-ICU population: Although the primary focus of attention over the past 2 decades has been the ICU setting, recent data suggest that the greatest numbers of patients with central lines are in hospital units outside the ICU, where there is a substantial risk of CLABSI.2. Outcomes associated with hospital-acquired CLABSIa. Increased length of hospital stayb. Increased cost; the non-inflation-adjusted attributable cost of CLABSIs has been found to vary from $3,700 to $29,000 per episode
Strategies to Prevent Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia in Acute Care Hospitals
Authors: Coffin Susan E. , Klompas Michael , Classen David , Arias Kathleen M. , Podgorny Kelly , Anderson Deverick J. , Burstin Helen , Calfee David P. , Dubberke Erik R. , Fraser Victoria , Gerding Dale N. , Griffin Frances A. , Gross Peter , Kaye Keith S. , Lo Evelyn , Marschall Jonas , Mermel Leonard A. , Nicolle Lindsay , Pegues David A. , Perl Trish M. , Saint Sanjay , Salgado Cassandra D. , Weinstein Robert A. , Wise Robert , Yokoe Deborah S. 
Published: October 2008

Previously published guidelines are available that provide comprehensive recommendations for detecting and preventing healthcare-associated infections. The intent of this document is to highlight practical recommendations in a concise format designed to assist acute care hospitals in implementing and prioritizing their ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) prevention efforts. Refer to the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America/Infectious Diseases Society of America “Compendium of Strategies to Prevent Healthcare-Associated Infections” Executive Summary and Introduction and accompanying editorial for additional discussion.1. Occurrence of VAP in acute care facilities.a. VAP is one of the most common infections acquired by adults and children in intensive care units (ICUs).i. In early studies, it was reported that 10%-20% of patients undergoing ventilation developed VAP. More-recent publications report rates of VAP that range from 1 to 4 cases per 1,000 ventilator-days, but rates may exceed 10 cases per 1,000 ventilator-days in some neonatal and surgical patient populations. The results of recent quality improvement initiatives, however, suggest that many cases of VAP might be prevented by careful attention to the process of care.2. Outcomes associated with VAPa. VAP is a cause of significant patient morbidity and mortality, increased utilization of healthcare resources, and excess cost.i. The mortality attributable to VAP may exceed 10%.ii. Patients with VAP require prolonged periods of mechanical ventilation, extended hospitalizations, excess use of antimicrobial medications, and increased direct medical costs.
Strategies to Prevent Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infections in Acute Care Hospitals
Authors: Lo Evelyn , Nicolle Lindsay , Classen David , Arias Kathleen M. , Podgorny Kelly , Anderson Deverick J. , Burstin Helen , Calfee David P. , Coffin Susan E. , Dubberke Erik R. , Fraser Victoria , Gerding Dale N. , Griffin Frances A. , Gross Peter , Kaye Keith S. , Klompas Michael , Marschall Jonas , Mermel Leonard A. , Pegues David A. , Perl Trish M. , Saint Sanjay , Salgado Cassandra D. , Weinstein Robert A. , Wise Robert , Yokoe Deborah S. 
Published: October 2008

Previously published guidelines are available that provide comprehensive recommendations for detecting and preventing healthcare-associated infections. The intent of this document is to highlight practical recommendations in a concise format designed to assist acute care hospitals in implementing and prioritizing their catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) prevention efforts. Refer to the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America/Infectious Diseases Society of America “Compendium of Strategies to Prevent Healthcare-Associated Infections” Executive Summary and Introduction and accompanying editorial for additional discussion.1. Burden of CAUTIsa. Urinary tract infection is the most common hospital-acquired infection; 80% of these infections are attributable to an indwelling urethral catheter.b. Twelve to sixteen percent of hospital inpatients will have a urinary catheter at some time during their hospital stay.c. The daily risk of acquisition of urinary infection varies from 3% to 7% when an indwelling urethral catheter remains in situ.2. Outcomes associated with CAUTIa. Urinary tract infection is the most important adverse outcome of urinary catheter use. Bacteremia and sepsis may occur in a small proportion of infected patients.b. Morbidity attributable to any single episode of catheterization is limited, but the high frequency of catheter use in hospitalized patients means that the cumulative burden of CAUTI is substantial.c. Catheter use is also associated with negative outcomes other than infection, including nonbacterial urethral inflammation, urethral strictures, and mechanical trauma.
Linnaeus’ sexual system and flowering plant phylogeny
Authors: Bremer Birgitta 
Published: October 2008

Carl Linnaeus brought order to the knowledge of plants and animals by arranging all known species in encyclopaedic works. He proposed a system of plants, the sexual system, based on the number and arrangement of male and female organs. His artificial sexual system has since long been replaced by ‘natural’ or phylogenetic systems but there has never been a comprehensive comparison of the sexual system with modern plant classification. The currently most often used classification of flowering plants is the APG‐system. It is based on comprehensive phylogenies of flowering plants, reconstructed by analyses of DNA data. The APG‐system covers all flowering plants which are classified in 453 families and these are classified in 45 orders. Most of the species were not known at time of Linnaeus. Families and orders in the APG‐system are arranged in larger informal groups representing major branches in the flowering plant phylogenetic tree. Three such groups are the monocots, the rosids, and the asterids.I have examined all genera published in Species plantarum (1753) and classified them according to order and major groups in the APG‐system. All classes except one, number 15 Tetradynamia, comprises groups of unrelated plants. Not surprisingly, the sexual system does not display what we know today about plant relationships. As is evident from this analysis, there is little correspondence between the sexual system and the APG‐system. This does not mean that the sexual system has been useless or misleading. When it was introduced, it formed the basis for much intensified research and increased knowledge of plants.
Grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV)‐specific antibodies confer GFLV and Arabis mosaic virus (ArMV) resistance in Nicotiana benthamiana
Authors: NÖLKE GRETA , COBANOV PASCAL , UHDE‐HOLZEM KERSTIN , REUSTLE GÖTZ , FISCHER RAINER , SCHILLBERG STEFAN 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARY Grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV) is one of the most destructive pathogens of grapevine. In this study, we generated monoclonal antibodies binding specifically to the coat protein of GFLV. Antibody FL3, which bound most strongly to GFLV and showed cross‐reactivity to Arabis mosaic virus (ArMV), was used to construct the single‐chain antibody fragment scFvGFLVcp‐55. To evaluate the potential of this single‐chain variable fragment (scFv) to confer antibody‐mediated virus resistance, transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana plants were generated in which the scFv accumulated in the cytosol. Recombinant protein levels of up to 0.1% total soluble protein were achieved. The T1 and T2 progenies conferred partial or complete protection against GFLV on challenge with the viral pathogen. The resistance to GFLV in transgenic plants was strictly related to scFvGFLVcp‐55 accumulation levels, confirming that the antibody fragment was functional in planta and responsible for the GFLV resistance. In addition, transgenic plants conferring complete protection to GFLV showed substantially enhanced tolerance to ArMV. We demonstrate the first step towards the control of grapevine fanleaf degeneration, as scFvGFLVcp‐55 could be an ideal candidate for mediating nepovirus resistance.