bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
X‐Ray‐Triggered CO‐Release from Gold Nanocluster: All‐in‐One Nanoplatforms for Cancer Targeted Gas and Radio Synergistic Therapy
Authors: Cao Lei , Yang Yating , Zheng Yanlin , Cheng Wei , Chen Minghong , Wang Tongtong , Mu Chuan , Wu Min , Liu Bin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractGlycolysis‐dominant metabolic pathway in cancer cells can promote their therapeutic resistance against radiotherapy (RT). Carbon monoxide (CO) as a glycolysis inhibitor can enhance the efficiency of RT. Herein, an X‐ray responsive CO‐releasing nanocomposite (HA@AuNC@CO) based on strong host–guest interactions between the radiosensitizer and CO donor for enhanced RT is developed. The encapsulated gold nanoclusters (CD‐AuNCs) can effectively generate cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) under X‐ray radiation, which not only directly inactivate cancer cells but also induce in situ CO gas generation from adamantane modified metal carbonyl (Ada‐CO) for glycolysis inhibition. Both in vitro and in vivo results demonstrate that HA@AuNC@CO exhibits active targeting toward CD44 overexpressed cancer cells, along with excellent inhibition of glycolysis and efficient RT against cancer. This study offers a new strategy for the combination of gas therapy and RT in tumor treatment.
Ordered Perovskite Structure with Functional Units for High Performance and Stable Solar Cells
Authors: Wang Yulong , Chen Jiahui , Zhang Yuxi , Tan Wen Liang , Ku Zhiliang , Yuan Yongbo , Chen Qi , Huang Wenchao , McNeill Christopher R. , Cheng Yi‐Bing , Lu Jianfeng 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIon migration is one of the most critical challenges that affects the stability of metal‐halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, the current arsenal of available strategies for solving this issue is limited. Here, novel perovskite active layers following the concept of ordered structures with functional units (OSFU) to intrinsically suppress ion migration, in which a three‐dimensional (3D) perovskite layer is deposited by vapor deposition for light absorption and a 2D layer is deposited by solution process for ion inhibition, are constructed. As a promising result, the activation energy of ion migration increases from 0.36 eV for the conventional perovskite to 0.54 eV for the OSFU perovskite. These devices exhibit substantially enhanced operational stability in comparison with the conventional ones, retaining >85% of their initial efficiencies after 1200 h under ISOS‐L‐1. Moreover, the OSFU devices show negligible fatigue behavior with a robust performance under light/dark cycling aging test (ISOS‐LC‐1 protocol), which demonstrates the promising application of functional motif theory in this field.
Enhanced Electro‐Optic Coefficients in Single‐Crystalline BaTiO3 Thin Films Enabled by Domain Alignment
Authors: Wen Yiyang , Cao Yilin , Chen Haisheng , Du Xiaona , Guo Jiaxing , Shen Jiaying , Zhang Fan , Bian Taiyu , An Yu , Ren Hongda , Wu Zhenping , Liu Weiwei , Zhang Yang 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn silicon photonics, BaTiO3 (BTO) emerges as a promising electro‐optic (EO) integrated material due to its excellent EO modulation capabilities. Nevertheless, the EO response of multi‐domain BTO thin films tends to be lower than that of bulk materials. BTO thin films are fabricated with strong EO responses utilizing the pulsed laser deposition technique. Considering the importance of the SrTiO3 (STO) buffer layer, a series of epitaxial BTO thin films are deposited on STO substrates with engineered domain alignment. Given the contribution of domain variants in BTO thin films to their EO response, specific electrode patterns are designed to enhance their performance. An effective Pockels coefficient of 286 pm V−1 is determined for the BTO thin film via the transmission geometry method, which surpasses recent reports. Through domain engineering in the BTO thin film, the remarkable enhancement in the EO response arising from in‐plane polarization (a‐axis) characteristics is confirmed. Simultaneously, utilizing the Second Harmonic Generation (SHG) optical probe, deep exploration into the domain dynamics within BTO thin films is conducted. These findings provide insights into the contribution of domain variants to the EO response and shed light on further developing silicon‐based heterogeneously integrated devices.
Insights into the Enantioselective Au(I)‐Catalyzed Reactions between 2‐Alkynyl Ketones and Naphthols using the TCDC Approach
Authors: Yu Yunliang , Daghmoum Meriem , Sabat Nazarii , Zhang Zhenhao , Frison Gilles , Marinetti Angela , Guinchard Xavier 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe CPAPhosAuCl bifunctional complexes catalyse the enantioselective tandem cycloisomerization‐nucleophilic addition reactions between 2‐alkynylenones and naphthols, where naphthols behave mainly as O‐nucleophiles. The inherent acidity of the catalysts induces then the isomerization of the O‐addition‐ into the C‐addition products with concomitant decrease of their enantiomeric excesses. In depth mechanistic studies have provided insights into these processes. Subsequently, the undesired racemization pathways could be suppressed by using substituted naphthols as nucleophiles, which delivered a large series of chiral bicyclic furanes in high enantioselectivities.
Progress in Green Ammonia Synthesis Technology: Catalytic Behavior of Ammonia Synthesis Catalysts
Authors: Tian Feiyang , Zhou Nan , Chen Wenqian , Zhan Jing , Tang Liang , Wu Minghong 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAmmonia as a green energy source has attracted a lot of attention in recent years. Despite its industrial intensity, the Haber‐Bosch process remains a primary ammonia source, emitting significant CO2 (≈2.9 tons per ton of ammonia). Future ammonia synthesis methods aim to surpass the Haber‐Bosch process by operating under milder conditions. These methods encompass chemical looping, thermal catalysis, electrochemical catalysis, photocatalysis, and plasma catalysis, albeit with inherent limitations. Although thermal catalysis has reduced conditions to ≈5 MPa, innovative catalysts are still scarce. Electrochemical catalysis produces hydrogen via water electrolysis but encounters challenges in Faraday efficiency and ammonia yield. Photocatalytic synthesis, while energy‐efficient, suffers from sluggish reaction rates. Plasma synthesis, while achieving low temperatures and pressures, faces difficulties in ammonia yield amidst competitive reactions. Chemical looping synthesis, enabling independent nitrogen fixation and hydrogenation, lacks efficient nitrogen transport catalysts. Effective catalysts are a common requirement across these methods. This review explores recent advancements, elucidating reaction mechanisms, nitrogen activation, and catalyst performance, while discussing the strengths, weaknesses, and future prospects of ammonia synthesis technologies to foster further innovation in the field.
Tuning d–p Orbital Hybridization of NiMoO4@Mo15Se19/NiSe2 Core‐Shell Nanomaterials via Asymmetric Coordination Interaction Enables the Water Oxidation Process
Authors: Zhang Qiong , Zhang Wen , Zhu Jiawei , Zhou Xinyuan , Xu Guang‐Rui , Chen Dehong , Wu Zexing , Wang Lei 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe electrocatalytic performance of MoNi‐based nanomaterials undergo selenization has garnered significant interest due to their modified electronic structure, while still posses certain challenges for obtained bimetallic selenides. Here, a novel MoNi‐based electrocatalyst of NiMoO4@Mo15Se19/NiSe2 core‐shell nanomaterials is constructed to promote the desorption of OOH* which can facilitate the water oxidation process. NiMoO4@Mo15Se19/NiSe2 core‐shell nanoarrays show that the “cores” are mainly NiMoO4 nanorods while the “shells” are the bimetallic selenides nanoflakes, which are super architectures that can expand more active sites and accelerate the electron transfer. Moreover, the hybridization interaction between Ni 3d, Mo 4d, and Se 4p orbitals leads to an asymmetric distribution of electric clouds, which decreases the adsorption energy and transformation of oxygen‐containing species. Electrochemical data displays that the overpotentials of NiMoO4@Mo15Se19/NiSe2 core‐shell nanomaterials are only 195 mV, 220 mV, and 224 mV for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in alkaline freshwater, alkaline simulated seawater, and alkaline natural seawater. The current density decay is negligible after 100 h stability at about 1.46 V with a three‐electrode system in alkaline natural seawater. The low cost and the unique MoNi‐based bimetallic selenides in this work provide a more constructive solution for designing efficient and stable OER catalysts in the future.
Homozygosity for disease‐causing variants in AMT and GLDC in a patient with severe nonketotic hyperglycinemia
Authors: Drackley Andy , Peter Merlene , Rathbun Pamela , Ing Alexander , Prada Carlos E. , Yap Kai Lee 
Published: April 2024

AbstractNonketotic hyperglycinemia (NKH) is a relatively well‐characterized inborn error of metabolism that results in a combination of lethargy, hypotonia, seizures, developmental arrest, and, in severe cases, death early in life. Three genes encoding components of the glycine cleavage enzyme system—GLDC, AMT, and GCSH—are independently associated with NKH. We report on a patient with severe NKH in whom the homozygous pathogenic variant in AMT (NM_000481.3):c.602_603del (p.Lys201Thrfs*75) and the homozygous likely pathogenic variant in GLDC(NM_000170.2):c.2852C>A (p.Ser951Tyr) were both identified. Our patient demonstrates a novel combination of two homozygous disease‐causing variants impacting the glycine cleavage pathway at two different components, and elicits management‐ and genetic counseling‐related challenges for the family.
Changes in weight status among “Ju/’hoansi” San hunter‐gatherers between 1968/69 and 1987—The effects of nutritional transition, sex and age
Authors: Kirchengast Sylvia 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundChanges in lifestyle and dietary habits that hunter‐gatherer populations have undergone in recent decades have often led to rising obesity rates with disastrous consequences for their health.ObjectivesThe associations between dietary habits and weight status were studied in 238 “Ju/’hoansi” San (93 women and 145 men) aged between 18 and 65 years in northern Namibia in 1987. Weight status was estimated based on the World Health Organization body mass index (BMI) categories, and dietary habits were recorded using food recall methods. Anthropometrics and weight status were compared with those of a sex‐ and age‐matched sample of “Ju/’hoansi” San people collected by Nancy Howell in 1968/69.ResultsBody weight had increased significantly among “Ju/’hoansi” San people from 1968/69 to 1987. The number of underweight people decreased from 1968/69 to 1987. In 1987, most participants (60.9%) were of normal weight. Overweight was found in 1.3% of the women, but not among men. No participants were obese. Less than 4% of the women and less than 2% of the men consumed exclusively traditional hunter‐gatherer food. Westernized food products were significantly (p < 0.001) more common among men and younger people. Dietary patterns were significantly associated with weight status. The less traditional the diet, the higher the BMI (p < 0.001).ConclusionThe transition to domestic agricultural and westernized foods was positively associated with increasing BMI. Overweight, however, was still an extremely rare condition in this population in 1987.
Early molecular events of autosomal‐dominant Alzheimer's disease in marmosets with PSEN1 mutations
Authors: Homanics Gregg E. , Park Jung Eun , Bailey Lauren , Schaeffer David J. , Schaeffer Lauren , He Jie , Li Shuoran , Zhang Tingting , Haber Annat , Spruce Catrina , Greenwood Anna , Murai Takeshi , Schultz Laura , Mongeau Lauren , Ha Seung‐Kwon , Oluoch Julia , Stein Brianne , Choi Sang Ho , Huhe Hasi , Thathiah Amantha , Strick Peter L. , Carter Gregory W. , Silva Afonso C. , Sukoff Rizzo Stacey J. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractINTRODUCTIONFundamental questions remain about the key mechanisms that initiate Alzheimer's disease (AD) and the factors that promote its progression. Here we report the successful generation of the first genetically engineered marmosets that carry knock‐in (KI) point mutations in the presenilin 1 (PSEN1) gene that can be studied from birth throughout lifespan.METHODSCRISPR/Cas9 was used to generate marmosets with C410Y or A426P point mutations in PSEN1. Founders and their germline offspring are comprehensively studied longitudinally using non‐invasive measures including behavior, biomarkers, neuroimaging, and multiomics signatures.RESULTSPrior to adulthood, increases in plasma amyloid beta were observed in PSEN1 mutation carriers relative to non‐carriers. Analysis of brain revealed alterations in several enzyme–substrate interactions within the gamma secretase complex prior to adulthood.DISCUSSIONMarmosets carrying KI point mutations in PSEN1 provide the opportunity to study the earliest primate‐specific mechanisms that contribute to the molecular and cellular root causes of AD onset and progression.Highlights
We report the successful generation of genetically engineered marmosets harboring knock‐in point mutations in the PSEN1 gene.
PSEN1 marmosets and their germline offspring recapitulate the early emergence of AD‐related biomarkers.
Studies as early in life as possible in PSEN1 marmosets will enable the identification of primate‐specific mechanisms that drive disease progression.
Six complete mitochondrial genomes of ground beetles from the Harpalinae and Carabinae (Coleoptera, Carabidae) with phylogenetic analysis based on mitogenomic data
Authors: Lin Xingyu , Song Nan , Wang Miaomiao 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn this study, we employed high‐throughput sequencing technology to determine the complete mitochondrial genomes of six ground beetles, encompassing five Harpalinae species and one Carabinae species. The sizes of mitochondrial genomes ranged from 15,334 to 16,972 bp, encompassing 37 genes, including 13 protein‐coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, and 2 ribosomal RNA genes. Furthermore, each species was found to possess a putative control region. Combining with 65 published mitochondrial genome sequences of Carabidae as ingroups and four species from Trachypachidae, Gyrinidae and Dytiscidae as outgroups, we conducted phylogenetic analyses utilizing Maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference methods. Moreover, we reconstructed a species tree of Carabidae based on mitochondrial genome data using the coalescent‐based species tree method (ASTRAL). The results revealed that the family Carabidae was not a monophyletic group. The subfamily Harpalinae was supported to be a monophyletic group in Maximum likelihood analysis. Although the subfamily Carabinae was found to be nonmonophyletic in the concatenation analyses under both Maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference criteria, it was identified as a monophyletic group in the species tree analysis.
UHPLC‐MS/MS analysis, cytotoxic, enzyme inhibition, and antioxidant properties of Lantana camara L. extracts obtained by conventional and nonconventional methods
Authors: Cvetanović Kljakić Aleksandra , Lončar Biljana , Sinan Kouadio Ibrahime , Etienne Ouattara Katinan , Božunović Jelena , Gašić Uroš , Koyuncu Ismail , Yuksekdag Ozgur , Zengin Gokhan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractLantana camara is widely known as a garden plant, but its use for various medicinal purposes is widespread in traditional medicine. In the frame of this study, L. camara was subjected to several different extraction techniques, including supercritical carbon dioxide extraction, accelerated solvent extraction (ASE), homogenizer‐assisted extraction, microwave‐assisted extraction, ultrasound‐assisted extraction, maceration, and Soxhlet extraction. The investigation encompasses the analysis of the chemical composition alongside assessments of biological activities, such as antioxidant and enzyme‐inhibition potential and cytotoxicity of the obtained extracts. The obtained results showed that the extract obtained by accelerated‐solvent extraction was the richest in the content of total phenols and of individual compounds. Of the 17 components identified in total, hispidulin was detected in the highest concentration (5.43–475.97 mg/kg). In the antioxidant assays, the extracts obtained by accelerated‐solvent and microwave extraction possessed the highest level of antioxidant and antiradical protection. All obtained extracts showed enzyme‐inhibitory action on amylase, glucosidase, tyrosinase, and cholinesterase, showing a high potential for application against diseases induced by excessive activity of these enzymes. Cytotoxic analysis was performed on normal and tumor cells, whereby the obtained IC50 values were in the range of 7.685–79.26 µg/mL, showing the high cytotoxicity of the obtained extracts. Using Z score analysis, ASE resulted in an optimal combination of tested quality characteristics of the L. camara extracts.
Empowering through digital skills: A case of alumni in the business services sector
Authors: Deja Marek , Bobkowski Piotr , Huvila Isto , Mierzecka Anna 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis quasi‐experiment examines the self‐assessment of psychological empowerment in the workplace among humanities and social science graduates who completed one of four digital literacy courses and were employed in the business services sector 6 months after graduation. The four courses—information literacy, data literacy, visual literacy, and communication and collaboration—were designed using information literacy and digital skills frameworks and were offered to support students' employability. Psychological empowerment was measured with four dimensions: meaning, competence, self‐determination, and impact. Statistical inference with a probabilistic approach using Bayesian ANOVA was conducted. The four courses varied in their impact on empowerment, with the information literacy course corresponding to the highest empowerment scores. The training also related differentially to the four dimensions of empowerment, with the highest scores on meaning. Evidence indicates that digital literacy instruction supports the psychological empowerment of humanities and social science graduates employed in the business services sector.
Gaia23ckh: Symbiotic outburst of the assumed Mira variable V390 Sco
Authors: Merc Jaroslav , Velez Peter , Charbonnel Stéphane , Garde Olivier , Le Dû Pascal , Mulato Lionel , Petit Thomas , Skowron Jan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe poorly studied variable star V390 Sco, previously classified as a Mira pulsator, was detected in a brightening event by the ESA Gaia satellite in September 2023. This work presents an analysis of available archival multifrequency photometric data of this target, along with our spectroscopic observations. Our findings lead to the conclusion that V390 Sco is a new symbiotic star identified by Gaia, currently undergoing a classical symbiotic outburst. Additionally, we uncovered three prior outbursts of this system through archival photometry. The outbursts recur approximately every 2330–2400 days, and we hypothesize the periastron passage in an eccentric orbit may trigger them, similarly to the case of BX Mon, DD Mic, or MWC 560. A detailed investigation into the nature of the donor star suggested that V390 Sco is an S‐type symbiotic star, likely hosting a less evolved, semiregularly pulsating giant donor, but not a Mira variable.
In‐vitro Clinical Diagnostics using RNA‐Cleaving DNAzymes
Authors: Ali Monsur , Nair Parameswaran , Capretta Alfredo , Brennan John D. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractOver the last three decades, significant advancements have been made in the development of biosensors and bioassays that use RNA‐cleaving DNAzymes (RCDs) as molecular recognition elements. While early examples of RCDs were primarily responsive to metal ions, the past decade has seen numerous RCDs reported for more clinically relevant targets such as bacteria, cancer cells, small metabolites, and protein biomarkers. Over the past 5 years several RCD‐based biosensors have also been evaluated using either spiked biological matrixes or patient samples, including blood, serum, saliva, nasal mucus, sputum, urine, and faeces, which is a critical step toward regulatory approval and commercialization of such sensors. In this review, an overview of the methods used to generate RCDs and the properties of key RCDs that have been utilized for in vitro testing is first provided. Examples of RCD‐based assays and sensors that have been used to test either spiked biological samples or patient samples are then presented, highlighting assay performance in different biological matrixes. A summary of current prospects and challenges for development of in vitro diagnostic tests incorporating RCDs and an overview of future directions of the field is also provided.
Consideration of health inequity in systematic reviews and primary studies on risk factors for hearing loss
Authors: Briscoe Simon , Shaw Elizabeth , Nunns Michael , Lawal Hassanat , Orr Noreen , Coon Jo Thompson , Garside Ruth , Melendez‐Torres G. J. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundHealth inequities are systematic, avoidable, and unfair differences in health between populations or population subgroups. There is increased recognition of the need for systematic reviews (SRs) to address health inequities, including drawing out findings relevant to low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs). The aim of this study was to determine the extent to which SRs on risk factors for hearing loss reported findings associated with health inequities, and the extent to which this data was captured in the primary studies included within these SRs.MethodsWe identified SRs on risk factors for hearing loss from a report on this topic which included a systematic search for relevant SRs. SRs thus identified were inspected for data related to health inequity with reference to PROGRESS‐Plus. We compared how data were reported in SRs versus within primary studies included in the SRs, and the extent to which primary studies from LMICs were represented.ResultsWe included 17 SRs which reported findings on a variety of physiological, behavioral, demographic, and environmental risk factors for hearing loss. There were 296 unique primary studies included in the SRs, of which 251 (81.49%) were successfully retrieved. Data relating to health inequities was reported relatively infrequently in the SRs and mainly focused on gender and age. Data related to health inequities was more frequently reported in primary studies. However, several PROGRESS‐Plus criteria were only reported in a minority of primary studies. Approximately one‐third of primary studies were from LMICs.ConclusionsThere is scope to improve the reporting of data relating to health inequities in primary studies on risk factors for hearing loss. However, SR authors could do more to report health inequities than is currently undertaken, including drawing out findings relevant to LMICs where data are available.