bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rescue robots for mudslides: A descriptive study of the 2005 La Conchita mudslide response
Authors: Murphy Robin R. , Stover Sam 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe Center for Robot‐Assisted Search and Rescue (CRASAR) assisted the Ventura County Fire Rescue Department with the January 2005 La Conchita, California, mudslide response. CRASAR provided commercially available urban search and rescue robots and expert operators which were deployed twice into damaged structures. The waterproof robots were able to tolerate wet conditions but proved unable to handle the densely packed rubble, vegetation, and soil and failed within two and four minutes, respectively on their two deployments. Informal interviews were conducted with responders as well. The experience forms a descriptive study of what mudslide responses are like, what tasks robots are needed for, how the rescue robots performed, and how responders viewed the robots. Our observations are captured in fourteen findings on robot performance (3), domain characteristics of mudslides (8), and general rescue robot design issues (3). These findings are expected to be of interest to robot designers, software developers, and the human‐robot interaction communities. The experience at La Conchita illustrates that terrain understanding, critical for both robot design and for control, remains an important open research question for rescue robotics. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Evolution and field performance of a rescue robot
Authors: Micire Mark J. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractRobots are slowly finding their way into the hands of search and rescue groups. One of the robots contributing to this effort is the Inuktun VGTV‐Xtreme series by American Standard Robotics. This capable robot is one of the only robots engineered specifically for the search and rescue domain. This paper describes the adaptation of the VGTV platform from an industrial inspection robot into a capable and versatile search and rescue robot. These adaptations were based on growing requirements established by rescue groups, academic research, and extensive field trials. A narrative description of a successful search of a damaged building during the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina is included to support these claims. Finally, lessons learned from these deployments and guidelines for future robot development is discussed. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Development of “Souryu‐IV” and “Souryu‐V:” Serially connected crawler vehicles for in‐rubble searching operations
Authors: Arai Masayuki , Tanaka Yoshinori , Hirose Shigeo , Kuwahara Hiroyuki , Tsukui Shingo 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe authors have developed Souryu‐I, Souryu‐II and Souryu‐III, connected crawler vehicles that can travel in rubble. These machines were developed for the purpose of finding survivors trapped inside collapsed buildings. However, when conducting experiments in post‐disaster environments with Souryu‐III, mechanical and control limitations have been identified. This led the authors to develop novel crawler units using crawler tracks strengthened with metal, and develop two improved models, called Souryu‐IV (composed of three double‐sided crawler bodies, a joint driving unit, a blade‐spring joint mechanism, and cameras) and Souryu‐V (composed of mono‐tread‐crawler bodies, elastic‐rod‐joint mechanisms, and cameras). The authors then conducted basic motion experiments and teleoperated control experiments on off‐road fields with Souryu‐IV and Souryu‐V. Their high performance in experiments of urban rescue operations was confirmed. However, several problems were identified during the driving experiments, and are reported in this paper, as well as a few possible solutions to solve them. This paper describes Souryu‐IV and Souryu‐V, their mechanisms, their cameras, and the experiments to test their mobile performance. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Assessing the Effect of Surface Chemistry on Gold Nanorod Uptake, Toxicity, and Gene Expression in Mammalian Cells
Authors: Hauck Tanya S. , Ghazani Arezou A. , Chan Warren C. W. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThrough the use of various layer‐by‐layer polyelectrolyte (PE) coating schemes, such as the common poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride)–poly(4‐styrenesulfonic acid) (PDADMAC‐PSS) system, the mammalian cellular uptake of gold nanorods can be tuned from very high to very low by manipulating the surface charge and functional groups of the PEs. The toxicity of these nanorods is also examined. Since the PE coatings are individually toxic, the toxicity of nanorods coated in these PEs is measured and cells are found to be greater than 90% viable in nearly all cases, even at very high concentrations. This viability assay may not be a complete indicator of toxicity, and thus gene‐expression analysis is used to examine the molecular changes of cells exposed to PDADMAC‐coated nanorods, which enter cells at the highest concentrations. Indicators of cell stress, such as heat‐shock proteins, are not significantly up‐ or down‐regulated following nanorod uptake, which suggests that PDADMAC‐coated gold nanorods have negligible impact on cell function. Furthermore, a very low number of genes experience any significant change in expression (0.35% of genes examined). These results indicate that gold nanorods are well suited for therapeutic applications, such as thermal cancer therapy, due to their tunable cell uptake and low toxicity.
The Association of Daily Hassles and Uplifts with Family and Life Satisfaction: Does Cultural Orientation make a Difference?
Authors: Lavee Yoav , Ben-Ari Adital 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe study examined similarities and differences between people having individualist and collectivist cultural orientations in terms of what they perceive as stressful and uplifting experiences in their daily lives, and the relation between daily experiences and family and life satisfaction. Data were collected from two representative community samples (697 Jews and 303 Arabs). Each sample was grouped into individualist and collectivist cultural orientations. The two cultural orientation groups differed with respect to the appraisal of positive and negative daily experiences. A structural equation modeling (SEM) multi‐group analysis indicated a similar factor structure for hassles and uplifts in both groups. However, the two groups differed in the effects of positive and negative daily occurrences on family and life satisfaction.
Capturing Proteins that Bind Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids: Demonstration Using Arachidonic Acid and Eicosanoids
Authors: Brock Thomas G. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractPolyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and their biological derivatives, including the eicosanoids, have numerous roles in physiology and pathology. Although some eicosanoids are known to act through receptors, the molecular actions of many PUFA remain obscure. As the three‐dimensional structure of eicosanoids allows them to specifically bind and activate their receptors, we hypothesized that the same structure would allow other proteins to associate with PUFA and eicosanoids. Here, we demonstrate that biotinylation of arachidonic acid and its oxygenated derivatives 5‐hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (5‐HETE) and leukotriene (LT) B4 can be used to pull down associated proteins. Separation of proteins by two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis indicated that a large number of proteins bound each lipid and that proteins could distinguish between two enantiomers of 5‐HETE. Individual proteins, identified by matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization‐time of flight mass spectrometry, included proteins that are known to bind lipids, including albumin and phosphatidylethanolamine‐binding protein, as well as several novel proteins. These include cytoskeletal proteins, such as actin, moesin, stathmin and coactosin‐like protein, and G protein signaling proteins, such as Rho GDP dissociation inhibitor 1 and nucleoside diphosphate kinase B. This method, then, represents a relatively simple and straightforward way to screen for proteins that directly associate with, and are potentially modulated by, PUFA and their derivatives.
Primary Hypercholesterolemia, Carotid Atherosclerosis and Insulin Resistance Among Chinese
Authors: Chien Kuo‐Liong , Liau Chiau‐Suong , Chen Ming‐Fong , Lee Yuan‐Teh , Jeng Jiann‐Shing , Hwang Bao‐Show , Su Ta‐Chen 
Published: December 2007

AbstractWe investigated the genetic contributions to carotid atherosclerosis and insulin resistance in Chinese patients with primary hypercholesterolemia. A family study of probands from the outpatient clinics in patients with high low‐density‐lipoprotein cholesterol levels was conducted. A total of 62 families (360 subjects) underwent carotid ultrasonography and insulin resistance measurement. The correlation coefficients of carotid intima‐media thickness (IMT) were high among spouse, parent–offspring, and sibling pairs (0.39, 0.38 and 0.35, respectively). All insulin indices and IMT had significant estimates of heritability, of which fasting insulin had the highest heritability (0.410 ± 0.104, P = 0.0001), followed by homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) (0.395 ± 0.108, P = 0.0001). The estimated heritability of IMT was significant (0.185 ± 0.103, P = 0.025) but not of plaque score. Bivariate genetic coefficient between IMT and HOMA was 0.569 ± 0.292, while the environmental coefficient was 0.028 ± 0.103. The study confirms a relationship between insulin resistance and atherosclerosis and, in particular, between insulin resistance and the thickening of the arterial wall. Moreover, it shows that genetics influence both insulin resistance and atherosclerosis, implying that the management of insulin resistance may benefit the prevention of atherosclerotic disease in familial hypercholesterolemia.
Obtaining Butter Oil Triacylglycerols Free from β‐Carotene and α‐Tocopherol via Activated Carbon Adsorption and Alumina‐Column Chromatography Treatments
Authors: Karabulut Ihsan , Topcu Ali , Akmil‐Basar Canan , Onal Yunus , Lampi Anna‐Maija 
Published: December 2007

AbstractIt is difficult to remove β‐carotene from oils with alumina‐column chromatography, because β‐carotene is even less‐polar than triacylglycerols (TAGs) are. The objective of this study was to obtain butter oil TAGs free from β‐carotene and antioxidants via sequential treatments with activated carbon (AC) adsorption and alumina column chromatography. The AC used was prepared from waste apricots. The effects of AC dosages, temperatures and time courses on β‐carotene adsorption were studied. The Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms were used to describe the adsorption of β‐carotene onto AC, and it was found to be more consistent with the Freundlich isotherm with a higher R2 value (0.9784). Adsorption kinetics of β‐carotene was analyzed by pseudo‐first order and pseudo‐second order models. The pseudo‐second order model was found to explain the kinetics of β‐carotene adsorption more effectively (R2 = 0.9882). The highest β‐carotene reduction was achieved (from 31.9 to 1.84 mg/kg) at an AC dosage of 10 wt%, temperature of 50 °C, and adsorption time of 240 min. A considerable amount of α‐tocopherol was also adsorbed during the AC treatment. Remaining portions of α‐tocopherol were completely removed with alumina adsorption chromatography. The method described may be used for purification of vegetable oil TAGs, which will be used as model compounds in model oxidation studies.
Effect of Processing Conditions on the Crystallization Behavior and Destabilization Kinetics of Oil‐in‐Water Emulsions
Authors: Martini Silvana , Tippetts Megan 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe objective of this research was to systematically study the effect of processing conditions on the crystallization behavior and destabilization mechanisms of oil‐in‐water emulsions. The effect of crystallization temperature (Tc) and homogenization conditions on both thermal behavior and destabilization mechanisms were analyzed. Results show that the crystallization of lipids present in the emulsions was inhibited when compared with bulk lipids as evidenced by a lower onset and peak temperature (Ton and Tp, respectively) in differential scanning calorimetry crystallization exotherms. The smaller the droplet size in the emulsion, the more significant the inhibition (lower Ton and Tp). Lower values of Ton and Tp were not necessarily indicators of emulsion stability. Homogenization conditions not only affected the Ton and Tp of crystallization but also the crystallization profile of the samples. Lipids present in emulsions with small droplets were crystallized and melted in a less fractionated manner when compared to lipids in bigger droplets or even to the bulk lipids. The amount of lipid crystallized as evidenced by enthalpy values, did not have a direct relationship with the emulsions stability. Although enthalpy values increased as Tc decreased, the destabilization kinetics did not follow the same tendency as evidenced by back scattering measurements.
Clonal turnover of MACE-carrying peach-potato aphids (Myzus persicae (Sulzer), Homoptera: Aphididae) colonizing Scotland
Authors: Kasprowicz L. , Malloch G. , Foster S. , Pickup J. , Zhan J. , Fenton B. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractPeach-potato aphids, Myzus persicae (Sulzer), collected in Scotland in the years 1995 and 2002–2004 were characterized using four microsatellite loci and three insecticide resistance mechanisms. From 868 samples, 14 multilocus genotypes were defined (designated clones A–N). Five of these (denoted A, B, H, M and N) carried modified acetylcholinesterase (MACE) resistance, the most recent resistance mechanism to have evolved in M. persicae. The current paper shows that the continued presence of MACE aphids is due to turnover, as clones A and B were replaced in field samples by clones H, M and N in later seasons. Thus, insecticide-resistant populations in Scotland can be attributed to multiple waves of rapid clone colonisations and not to the continued presence of stable resistant clones or mutation or sexual recombination in local populations. The MACE clones carried varying levels of the other insecticide resistance mechanisms, kdr and esterase. The presence of these mechanisms could alter the clones success in the field depending on insecticide spraying (positive selection) and resistance fitness costs (negative selection).
Influence of insoluble surfactant on the deformation and breakup of a bubble or thread in a viscous fluid
Authors: HAMEED M. , SIEGEL M. , YOUNG Y.-N. , LI J. , BOOTY M. R. , PAPAGEORGIOU D. T. 
Published: December 2007

The influence of surfactant on the breakup of a prestretched bubble in a quiescent viscous surrounding is studied by a combination of direct numerical simulation and the solution of a long-wave asymptotic model. The direct numerical simulations describe the evolution toward breakup of an inviscid bubble, while the effects of small but non-zero interior viscosity are readily included in the long-wave model for a fluid thread in the Stokes flow limit.The direct numerical simulations use a specific but realizable and representative initial bubble shape to compare the evolution toward breakup of a clean or surfactant-free bubble and a bubble that is coated with insoluble surfactant. A distinguishing feature of the evolution in the presence of surfactant is the interruption of bubble breakup by formation of a slender quasi-steady thread of the interior fluid. This forms because the decrease in surface area causes a decrease in the surface tension and capillary pressure, until at a small but non-zero radius, equilibrium occurs between the capillary pressure and interior fluid pressure.The long-wave asymptotic model, for a thread with periodic boundary conditions, explains the principal mechanism of the slender thread's formation and confirms, for example, the relatively minor role played by the Marangoni stress. The large-time evolution of the slender thread and the precise location of its breakup are, however, influenced by effects such as the Marangoni stress and surface diffusion of surfactant.
Sound, text and identity in Korn’s ‘Hey Daddy’
Authors: PIESLAK JONATHAN 
Published: December 2007

AbstractMost of the existing literature on metal approaches the subject from a sociological, anthropological or historical perspective, dedicating more attention to the surrounding musical (sub)cultures and their transformations than to the songs and music itself. This essay addresses this gap in recent metal scholarship by examining issues of sound, text and identity in one of the most influential and popular metal bands of the post-grunge era, Korn. I interpret possible meanings within ‘Hey Daddy’, a track from Issues (1999), based on the relationships among the music, both as pitch and sound/timbre, and the text. In addition, I explore different processes of identification, offering an assessment of identification in the genre of metal and challenges in respect to listener identity in ‘Hey Daddy’.
The medium and materials of popular music: ‘Hound Dog’, turntablism
and muzak as situated musical practices
Authors: FAIRCHILD CHARLES 
Published: December 2007

AbstractPopular music studies has rarely exhibited the kinds of disciplinary coherence found in closely related disciplines mostly due to the field’s adoption and adaptation of methodological and theoretical innovations from a variety of disciplines, notably sociology, cultural studies, anthropology, media studies and musicology. However, many commentators continue to seek disciplinary coherence without making any critical aesthetic distinctions between the medium and materials of popular music. Distinctions and interrelationships between the literal or material aspects of popular music and the social or cultural processes of making meaning from popular music are central to the definition of a particular but not exclusive field of analysis. Through such distinctions, the very category ‘popular music’ can be understood as a more flexible and supple distinction based on an understanding of methods of construction, production and mediation in specific relation to the technical, contextual and sociological aspects of music. I use different performances of ‘Hound Dog’, the practices of ‘turntablism’, and the exigencies of Muzak as examples for analysis offering ways in which the aesthetic, material and contextual aspects of popular music can be understood in order to incorporate the actual sound of music into the analysis of its social, cultural and musical construction.
Abiding memories: the community singing movement and English social life in the 1920s
Authors: RUSSELL DAVE 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe community singing movement was a distinctive feature of English popular musical life in the mid-1920s. Although initiated by individuals who saw it as essentially educational, it was rapidly appropriated by sections of the press, and especially the Daily Express, as an instrument in the circulation wars of the period. It was typified by a restricted range of music comprising ‘national’ songs, hymns (with the performance of ‘Abide with Me’ at the FA Cup Final singing particularly important), and songs of the First World War. This mixture and the concomitant neglect of modern popular song reflects the rather nostalgic thrust behind activities, with calls for community singing to recreate a ‘Merrie England’ that would heal the deep social divisions of the 1920s. Whether the singers were fully aware of these various musical and socio-political agendas is unclear, but community singing undoubtedly enjoyed a period of considerable popularity, with the music appreciated for allowing displays of individual and collective emotion.
All the Important Things You Wanted to Know About the Effects of Stroke: Location, Location, Location
Authors: Mattis Steven 
Published: December 2007

The Behavioral and Cognitive Neurology of Stroke. 2007. Olivier Godefroy and Julien Bogousslavsky (Eds.). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 664 pp., $160.00 (HB)The Behavioral and Cognitive Neurology of Stroke is a very handy reference book for the bedside or brief office examination of the stroke patient. The initial chapter highlights the need for serial mental status exams during the critical initial post stroke period. The book is then organized by functional sections, each containing several chapters. The sections are organized by neuropsychological processes in the usual “walk around the brain” format. Thus, the reader is offered sections on motor and gestural disorders, aphasia and arthric disorders, hemineglect and right hemisphere syndromes, agnosia and Balint's syndrome, and executive and memory disorders. Of great significance is the inclusion of a section on behavioral and mood disorders, which reviews the clinical domains where the disciplines of psychiatry and neurology overlap. The final section, dementia and anatomical left/right syndromes, extends and integrates the previous sections.
What's New With the Frontal Lobes?
Authors: Anderson Vicki 
Published: December 2007

The Human Frontal Lobes: Functions and Disorders (Second Edition). 2007. Bruce L. Miller & Jeffrey L. Cummings (Eds.). New York: The Guilford Press, 666 pp., $95.00 (HB)Miller and Cummings published their original text, The Human Frontal Lobes: Functions and Disorders, in 1999. At that time, their work was quite unique and provided a valuable reference for both health professionals and researchers in the emerging field of the frontal lobes. The years since then have seen an increasing focus on these fascinating brain structures across a range of disciplines including neurosciences, neurology, neuropsychology and psychiatry. The importance of the frontal structures for both cognition and emotion is firmly established and the complexity of these associations continues to challenge those working in these fields. As Miller and Cummings note, due to the major advances that have occurred since they first published their work, their second edition represents not only an update but also an introduction to a range of new issues. In particular, this second edition emphasizes advances in neurosciences and neuroimaging with a substantial amount of new material presented in these areas. In addition, the increasing interest in the role of the frontal lobes in social and emotional function is also acknowledged and discussed.
Different glycoforms of prostate-specific membrane antigen are intracellularly transported through their association with distinct detergent-resistant membranes
Authors: Castelletti Deborah , Alfalah Marwan , Heine Martin , Hein Zeynep , Schmitte Ruth , Fracasso Giulio , Colombatti Marco , Naim Hassan Y. 
Published: December 2007

Hormone-refractory prostate carcinomas as well as the neovasculature of different tumours express high levels of PSMA (prostate-specific membrane antigen). PSMA is a type II-transmembrane glycoprotein and a potential tumour marker for both diagnosis and passive immunotherapy. Here, we report on the association of PSMA with DRMs (detergent-resistant membranes) at different stages of the protein maturation pathway in human prostate carcinoma LNCaP cells. At least three PSMA glycoforms were biochemically identified based on their extractability behaviour in different non-ionic detergents. In particular, one precursor glycoform of PSMA is associated with Tween 20-insoluble DRMs, whereas the complex glycosylated protein segregates into membrane structures that are insoluble in Lubrol WX and display a different lipid composition. Association of PSMA with these membranes occurs in the Golgi compartment together with the acquisition of a native conformation. PSMA homodimers reach the plasma membrane of LNCaP cells in Lubrol WX-insoluble lipid/protein complexes. At the steady state, the majority of PSMA remains within these membrane microdomains at the cell surface. We conclude that the intracellular transport of PSMA occurs through populations of DRMs distinct for each biosynthetic form and cellular compartment.