bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The use of cryopreserved lymphocytes in the leukocyte adherence inhibition assay. I. Evaluation of specificity of responses in cancer patients
Authors: Waldman Stephen R. , Yonemoto Robert H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFrozen‐stored mononuclear cells were utilized in the leukocyte adherence inhibition (LAI) assay in studies which were designed to determine (1) the optimal concentration of breast adenocarcinoma and colon adenocarcinoma extracts, (2) the specificity of frozen‐stored cell responses to these extracts, (3) the optimal criteria for defining a positive response, (4) reproducibility of day‐to‐day testing, and (5) comparison of fresh mononuclear cells and frozen‐stored mononuclear cells obtained from individual bleeds. The optimal protein concentration of 3 M KCI extracts was found to be 100 μg/ml. Specificity studies were performed using frozen‐stored cells from cancer patients with positive reactivity to either breast or colon cancer extracts In contrast, normal donor frozen‐stored cells were prepared from blood specimens with no reactivity to breast or colon cancer extracts. In frozen‐stored cells of breast cancer patients a selected breast cancer extract elicited reponses in 27 of 30 cases (90%). In contrast, with these same cells, a colon cancer extract elicited responses in 3 of 13 cases (23%). In cells from colon cancer patients colon cancer extract elicited responses in 13 of 18 cases (72.2%) whereas breast cancer extract elicited responses in 3 of 18 cases (16.6%). One out of the 15 (6.7%) normal donor frozen‐stored cells was positive to breast cancer extract and none out of 12 were positive to colon cancer extract. Two‐way analysis of variance established the reproducibility of day‐to‐day testing in studies of samples obtained from four individual donors. Rank correlation established the dependence between fresh and frozen‐stored cells in studies of 15 individual donors. It is anticipated that studies using replicate frozen‐stored cell aliquots may aid in identifying antigenic activity following fractionation of antigenic extracts or in studying the properties of serum factors which specifically suppress responses to tumor extracts.
Analysis of human ovarian tumor antigens using heterologous antisera: Detection of new antigenic systems
Authors: Imamura N. , Takahashi T. , Lloyd K. O. , Lewis J. L. , Old L. J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractRabbits were immunized with extracts of human ovarian cystadenocarcinomas in an attempt to identify the spectrum of ovarian tumor antigens recognizable by heteroimmune sera. After absorption, the reactivity of the sera with extracts of tumors and normal tissues was examined by double diffusion in agar. Six antigens (OvC‐1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6), which could not be detected in normal ovary, were found in a variable proportion of ovarian tumors. Two of these antigens (OvC‐4 and 5) proved to be previously recognized tissue antigens, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and the related normal glycoprotein (NGP). A third antigen (OvC‐3) was shown to be identical to pregnancy‐zone protein (PZP, SP3, PAG). It was detected in 20 of 93 epithelial cancers of the ovary and in 20 of 22 sera from ovarian cancer patients. OvC‐6 was an individually specific antigen detectable only in the immunizing tumor. OvC‐1 and OvC‐2 are unrelated to well‐defined tumor antigens. The former was detectable in 48 of 93 epithelial cancers of the ovary, in some cervical, breast, gastric and pancreatic cancers and also in normal kidney and lung. Its presence in cord and pregnancy sera, and in placenta and amniotic fluid, indicates that it may be a new pregnancy‐associated protein. OvC‐2 is confined to ovarian cancers (8/93) and cannot be detected in tumors of other types or in normal adult tissues. Since it is present in placenta, amniotic fluid and fetal intestine it can be considered to be a fetal or differentiation antigen.
Heterogeneity among human lymphocyte effector cells mediating spontaneous lymphocyte‐mediated cytotoxicity
Authors: Vessella Robert L. , Lange Paul H. , Gormus B. J. , Kaplan Manuel E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe spontaneous lymphocyte‐mediated cytotoxicity(SLMC) of lymphocytes from normal individuals was studied using the lymphocyte titration assay. Various techniques were used to study selectively several lymphocyte subpopulations. The activity of these subpopulations was tested in both the antibody‐dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and lymphocyte titration assays. Surface marker studies were performed on each lymphocyte subpopulation. The results from these studies indicate that effector cells mediating SLMC are a heterogeneous lymphocyte population composed of Fc‐receptor‐positive lymphocytes both with and without C3 receptors that consistently segregate with cells that do not form rosettes with sheep red blood cells. Our data suggest that, in many respects, the effector cells in SLMC and ADCC are identical. However, the mechanism appears to be different.
GROWTH OF A LOCAL TUMOR EXERTS A SPECIFIC INHIBITORY EFFECT ON PROGRESSION OF LUNG METASTASES
Authors: Gorelik Eliezer , Segal Shraga , Feldman Michael 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe effects of local tumor growth on the progression of lung metastasis of two mouse tumors of C57BL origin—the 3LL Lewis lung carcinoma and the B‐16 melanoma—were studied. Excision of primary footpad grafts of 3LL or B‐16 resulted in a significant increase in incidence and size of lung metastases. The incidence, but not the size, of lung metastases was found to be a function of size of the local tumor at time of excision. Reinoculation of tumor cells in the left footpad following excision of tumor from the right footpad suppressed the acceleration of growth of lung metastases and their increased incidence. Thus, the progression of the local tumor exerts an inhibitory effect on lung metastasis. The extent of inhibition of accelerated metastatic development by reinoculated tumor cells is a function of size of the cell inoculum or, in fact, of mass of the local tumor. The inhibitory effect of the local tumor on lung metastasis seems to be tumor‐specific. 3LL metastases were not inhibited by local B‐16 or EL4, neither was B‐16 metastasis inhibited by 3LL. The specificity of interactions between the local tumor growth and its metastases may suggest the participation of immunological mechanisms in the control of lung metastasis. The involvement of the lymphoid system in the control of metastatic progression is also supported by the observation that total‐body X‐irradiation was associated with an increase in lung metastasis and that splenomegaly was observed in mice bearing the footpad tumor. Its excision resulted in the prevention of splenomegaly but reinoculation of the tumor, leading to metastatic suppression, was again associated with splenomegaly.
Active immunization against murine radiation‐induced leukemia using a sarcoma virus pseudotype
Authors: Basombrío Miguel Angel , Laguens Rubén 
Published: February 2007

AbstractImmunization of C57BL/Ka mice against the radiation leukemia virus (Rad LV) markedly reduced their susceptibility to development of leukemia after X‐radiation. The active immunogen used consisted of a sarcoma virus pseudotype of Rad LV which induces regressing sarcomas in young adult mice. These immunized animals were challenged with four weekly 160‐rad X‐ray exposures. The appearance of lymphomas and leukemias resulting from such irradiation was delayed and their incidence significantly decreased. These results indicate that oncornavirus immunization may be used to reduce the incidence of murine leukemias which are triggered by a physical agent.
Characterization of immune complexes from the pleural effusion of a breast cancer patient
Authors: Papsidero L. D. , Harvey S. R. , Snyderman M. C. , Nemoto T. , Valenzuela L. , Chu T. M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPieural effusion from a patient with adenocarcinoma of the breast was precipitated by 50% ammonium sulfate and chromatographed on Sephadex G‐200. The resulting elution profile consisted of three protein peaks. Fractions were monitored by immunodiffusion and assayed for [125I]C1q binding activity (C1q B.A.). The first protein peak (eluted at the void volume) showed appreciable Clq B.A. and contained immunoglobulin G (IgG) and complement 3 (C3). These data suggested that antigen‐antibody complexes were present in this macromolecular peak. IgG and C3 were also present in the second peak of Sephadex G‐200 gel filtration while the third peak contained the albumin fraction. The known tumor‐associated antigens, carcinoembryonic antigen, alpha‐fetoprotein and ferritin, were not detected in any of the protein fractions as determined fay immunodiffusion analysis. The first Sephadex protein peak which contained high molecular weight IgG was chromatographed on Sepharose 6B. The second protein peak obtained by Sepharose filtration contained IgG and C3 and was further applied to a column of protein A‐Septtarose. Proteins which bound to the immobilized protein A were dissociated with 2.5 M KSCN and chromatographed on Sepharose CL‐6B under dissociating conditions. IgM rheumatoid factor, IgG and four putative antigens were obtained by these dissociation and chromatographic procedures. The isolated IgG exhibited a molecular weight of monomeric IgG and bound to saline extracts of malignant tissue at a greater amount titan to normal or benign breast extracts (p<0 05). The reactive breast tumor protein in these extracts was eluted in the molecular weight region of 67,000, as determined by gel filtration. The four putative pleural fluid antigens which dissociated from the IgG were tested for their ability to recombine with the isolated immunoglobulin. Results from radio‐immunoprecipitation and the [125I]C1q binding assay indicated that the putative antigens bound to the isolated IgG to form immune complexes.
Quantltation of serum complement components and plasma C3d in patients with malignant lymphoma: Relation to the stage of the tumor and circulating immune complexes
Authors: Heier Hans Erik , Godal Tore , Carpentier Nicole A. , Lambert Paul‐Henri 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTotal hemolytic complement activity (CH 50) and complement component levels were measured in 27 patients with Hodgkin's disease and 31 patients with non‐Hodgkin malignant lymphoma. CH 50 values were higher than normal in almost alt the patients. Increased levels of serum C4, C3 and factor B were observed in 62%, 31% and 19% of these patients, respectively. However, plasma concentration of C3d, a breakdown product of C3, was elevated in 29% of the cases. The hypercatabolism of C3 was nat closely associated with the presence of circulating immune complexes, as assessed by the Clq binding assay, nor with the presence of general symptoms in the patients. On the contrary, it appeared to be in relation with the extent of the malignant disease.
Reproductive factors and risk for breast cancer in iceland
Authors: Tulinius Hrafn , Jóhannesson Gudmundur , Bjarnason Ólafur , Day Nicholas E. , Gonzales Maria 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA previous publication has shown that there has been a great increase in the incidence of breast cancer in Iceland. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the importance of known risk factors connected with the reproductive history of the women. In a prospective investigation of a cohort of 31,453 women we confirmed previous findings of the increased risk following higher age at first pregnancy and for nulliparous women. The age at first pregnancy and the proportion of nulliparous women have decreased with time in the Icelandic population so that these factors should have tended to decrease the risk, making the found increase still more important. The effect of parity is that the risk decreases with larger number of children and this effect is independent of the effect of age at first pregnancy. Lower age at menarche increases the breast cancer risk, but the contribution of that factor to the overall risk is negligible.
Presence of common surface antigen(s) on endodermal tumors and embryonal tissues of rats, hamsters and mice
Authors: Van Hove L. , Delacourt M. , Park B. , Sobis H. , Vandeputte M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAntiserum against yolk‐sac carcinoma of rat was prepared in rabbits. After appropriate absorption in vitro or in vivo this antiserum was examined on different tumors and normal tissues of rat, hamster and mouse. The methods used were indirect immunofluorescence and indirect immunoperoxidase staining and cytotoxicity tests. The immune serum was found to react with the cell membrane of different rat and hamster yolk‐sac carcinomas. It reacted also with the cell surface of rat hepatoma cells. By absorption on hyalin and blocking with amniotic fluid it was shown that the antigen was neither a basement membrane component nor α‐fetoprotein. The antiserum was cytotoxic to yolk‐sac carcinoma and hepatoma cells. The immune reaction was limited to the cell membrane, as observed in immunofluorescence and in immunoperoxidase staining. The specificity of the antiserum was proved by cross‐absorptions with various tumor lines and by removing its activity with the soluble fraction of yolk‐sac carcinoma cells. Non‐endo‐dermal rat and hamster tumor lines did not react with the anti‐yolk‐sac carcinoma immune serum. Most normal adult tissues, including spermatozoa, were negative, but a positive reaction was observed in ovaries and on glandular cells of the uterus. In embryonal tissues this surface antigen(s) was detected in the endoderm of 8‐day‐old rat embryos, 7‐day‐old mouse embryos and in yolk‐sac endoderm of both species. The data indicate that the antigen(s) is associated with endodermal differentiation.
The effect in vivo of chemotherapeutic drug—antibody conjugates in two murine experimental tumor systems
Authors: Hurwitz Esther , Maron Ruth , Bernstein Alon , Sela Michael , Arnon Ruth , Wilchek Meir 
Published: February 2007

AbstractConjugates of daunomycin covalently coupled, either directly or through a dextran bridge, to antibodies reacting selectively with tumor cells, were tested for their capacity to suppress tumor development in mice. The drug—antibody conjugates, or mixtures of drug and antibody, were compared either to the free drug or to the drug coupled to normal immunoglobulin for their effect on two tumor systems. In the first case, a plasma‐cytoma (PC5), both the drug and the tumor cells were administered by the same route, namely, intraperitoneally (IP). The drug bound to antibody had no advantage over the free drug, but was better than the drug bound to normal immunoglobulin. The best results were obtained in this system when daunomycin was given in a mixture with the anti‐tumor antibody. In the second system, a lymphoma (Yac), the treatment and the tumor were administered by different routes—while the tumor was transplanted IP, the treatment was given intravenously (IV). The extent of conjugation was greatly increased in this system by introducing a dextran bridge between the drug and the antibody. In the Yac system, the anti‐tumor antibodies were purified for some of the in vivo experiments. At high doses, the daunomycin—dextran—anti‐Yac antibody conjugate was superior to the free drug but no better than daunomycin bound to dextran alone or through dextran to normal immunoglobulin. At low doses, an advantage for the binding to specific tumor antibody rather than to normal immunoglobulin was observed. On the basis of these data we believe that further improvement in the conjugation techniques, and the development of antibodies with better specificity towards the tumor cells, could lead towards successful use of antibody carriers in chemotherapy.
Further characterization of a herpesvirus‐positive orang‐utan cell line and comparative aspects of in vitro transformation with lymphotropic old world primate herpesviruses
Authors: Rabin Harvey , Neubauer Russell H. , Hopkins Ralph F. , Nonoyama Meihan 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAn orang‐utan (Pongo pygmaeus) suspension line, CP81, was shown to lack myeloid markers of lysozyme activity and phagocytosis but to be positive for lymphocytic N‐alkaline phosphatase activity, and to release a B‐cell‐tropic herpesvirus. This herpesvirus, termed Herpesvirus pongo, had 30‐40% DNA homology with EBV and was present at 2‐3 genome copies per CP‐81 cell. Gibbon lymphocytes transformed by H. pongo, Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV), and H. papio (of baboon, Papio hamadryas, origin) were found to be virus antigen‐positive B cells. Gibbon lymphocytes transformed by H. pongo and EBV and transplanted to nude mice by the intracranial (IC) route (had a 75% and a 45% success rate, respectively), while transplants of similar cells transformed by H. papio were only 10% successful. None of these lines transplanted subcutaneously (SC) nor manifested a high degree of colony formation in 0.33% agarose (⩽0.5%), Gibbon lymphocytes transformed by H. pongo were hypodiploid while those transformed by EBV or H. papio were diploid. CP‐81 cells themselves could be transplanted both IC (100%) and SC (70%) and showed a relatively high degree of colony formation in agarose (6.4‐7.6%). B95‐8 cells (marmoset, Saguinus oedipus‐EBV) could be transplanted IC (66%) but not SC and had a low but significant ability to grow in agarose (1.6%).594S (baboon, P. hamadryas‐H. papio) cells could be transplanted IC (25%) but not SC, and grew to very low levels in agarose (0.1%).
Antigenic differences between akr lymphoma and thymus cells leading to the detection of a tumor antigen associated with immunological enhancement
Authors: Laguens R. P. , Colmerauer M. E. M. , Segal A. , Pasqualini C. Dosne 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe effects of Corynebacterinm parvum and cortisone acetate (CA) on the primary Lewis lung carcinoma and its pulmonary metastases were investigated. C. parvum given IV either on the same day or 7 days after tumour inoculation, reduced primary tumour growth, while 2.5 mg CA (high‐dose) given SC 4 and 11 days after tumour, alone or in combination with C. parvum, administered on day 0, reduced primary tumour growth to the same extent as C. parvum alone. High‐dose CA given on days 2 and 6 had no effect on primary tumour growth or the action of C. parvum, administered on day 7, while 0.05 mg CA (low‐dose) given on days 4 and 11 did not alter tumour growth or the action of C. parvum, given at the same time as tumour. High‐dose CA given 4 and 11 days after tumour caused a significant enhancement in metastases. C. parvum given to these mice on the same day as tumour significantly reduced the pulmonary nodules but only to the level found in control, saline‐treated mice. In mice given C. parvum alone, metastases were significantly reduced when compared with controls. Similarly, high‐dose CA given on days 2 and 6 significantly enhanced metastases, and C. parvum on day 7 reduced their level to that found in control mice. Low‐dose CA had no effect on the number of metastases or the antimetastatic action of C. parvum. The relevance of these results to the clinical situation is discussed.
Tumor immunity to murine plasma cell tumors. V. Demonstration of a unique tumor antigen that is not associated with the myeloma idiotype
Authors: Mackenzie M. R. , Burton R. C. , Warner N. L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA plasma‐cell tumor, Cl.18 of C3H/He derivation, exhibits a unique tumor‐associated antigen (TAA) which is detectable both in vitro and also as a tumor‐associated transplantation antigen (TATA) in vivo. Immunoglobulin idiotypic determinants have been thought to be prominent TATAs. Studies were performed to determine whether the unique TAA of Cl. 18 is its immunoglobulin idiotypic determinant. Mice immunized with CI. 18 myeloma protein (CI.18 MP) exhibit some protection to subsequent challenge with Cl. 18 tumor cells indicating that the CI.18 idiotypic determinant can indeed act as a weak TATA. However, in vitro lysis of CI. 18 tumor cells by cytotoxic T cells induced in vitro to CI. 18‐unique TAA is not blocked by CI. 18 MP, either in soluble form or when bound to sheep red blood cells. Spleen cells from mice immunized to CI. 18 MP in vivo do not undergo a secondary cytotoxic response when stimulated in vitro by CI.18 tumor cells. When C3H mice are immunized with tumor cells they are highly resistant to a subsequent challenge with CI. 18 tumor cells, and spleen cells from these mice show a marked secondary cytotoxic response when stimulated in vitro by CI. 18 tumor cells. Spleen cells from these mice, however, do not mount a secondary cytotoxic response when stimulated with CI.18 MP in vitro. We conclude that the unique TAA present on CI.18 cells is not the idiotypic immunoglobulin determinant, although both antigens can act as TATA in vivo. These studies support the view that although some plasmacytomas may express cell surface immunoglobulin idiotypic antigens, these are not the major surface antigens that act as tumor‐associated antigens.
Substrate activation of cell adhesion factor as a prerequisite for cell attachment
Authors: Pearlstein Edward 
Published: February 2007

AbstractCell Adhesion Factor, complexed to insoluble collagen‐coated tissue culture dishes, is required for the attachment of fibroblasts to this substrate. In solution, the factor has no demonstrable affinity for cells in suspension following trypsin‐EDTA removal of cells from monolayer. Cell surface receptors for the factor are present during the assay period since cells allowed to recover for 1 h at 37° C, 4° C or in the presence of 10−6 M cyclo‐heximide show exactly the same kinetics of adhesion as control cells. It is demonstrated that Cell Adhesion Factor acquires affinity for the cell surface only following its binding to collagen.
Azaserine carcinogenesis: Organ susceptibility change in rats fed a diet devoid of choline
Authors: Shinozuka Hisashi , Katyal Sikandar L. , Lombardi Benito 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn rats, azaserine is primarily a pancreatic carcinogen and only induces hepatomas with a very low incidence. We have investigated the effects of feeding a choline‐devoid (CD) diet upon the carcinogenicity of azaserine. Groups of male Wistar rats were fed a CD or a choline‐supplemented (CS) diet. Azaserine (30 mg/kg in 2 ml of saline) was injected IP twice a week for the first 4 weeks, and once a week thereafter, for a total of 14 injections. Control groups were fed the CD or CS diet and were injected similarly with saline. Four to seven animals from each group were killed, 1, 4 and 6 months after the first azaserine injection, and the liver and pancreas were examined histologically. None of the control animals fed the CD or CS diet and given saline injections developed tumors of the liver or pancreas. No hepatomas were observed in 12 rats fed the CS diet and treated with azaserine. On the other hand, 3 of 5 and 5 of 7 rats killed after 4 and 6 months, respectively, of treatment with azaserine and the CD diet showed multiple hepatomas. Rats treated with azaserine developed multiple atypical acinar cell nodules (AACN) of the pancreas after 4 months irrespective of whether choline was present or absent in the diet. However, the number of AACN in rats fed the CD diet was significantly smaller than in rats fed the CS diet. It is concluded that a diet devoid of choline changes the organ susceptibility to the carcinogenic action of azaserine, enhancing hepatocarcinogenesis and reducing the action of the carcinogen on the pancreas.