bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Testosterone and 17 OH-progesterone responses in men to 3 h LH infusions
Authors: Nankin H. R. , Lin T. , Murono E. , Osterman J. , Troen P. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
LH is recognized as the Leydig cell stimulus for testosterone production. Yet earlier studies of bolus administered human pituitary LH did not result in testosterone elevations and spontaneous LH elevations infrequently cause recognizable parallel rises of testosterone in adult males. Therefore, 10 normal adult volunteers were given 3 h infusions of human pituitary LH A-3 (2 IU/kg) and sampling was continued for 3 h after the gonadotrophin was stopped. Testosterone, the precursor 17 OH-progesterone and LH were determined in blood samples. There was a mean 5.2-fold LH elevation. From a group baseline mean of 698 ng/100 ml ± 72 (± se) testosterone gradually rose and was significantly elevated at 90, 120 and 150 min (787 ± 67 P <0.03, 767 ± 60 P < 0.04, and 804 ± 69 P < 0.001, respectively). 17 OH-progesterone was determined on 9 subjects and averaged 142 ng/100 ml ± 16 before LH and gradually rose to 178 ± 18 at 120 min (P < 0.05) and then declined slightly at 150 and 180 min. Both steroids significantly declined between 180 min (end of LH infusion) and 240 min with no further significant concentration changes. The two men with the highest basal testosterone titers showed the smallest testosterone increases, but in both 17 OH-progesterone rose. In conclusion tonic LH stimulation caused mean testosterone and 17 OH-progesterone to peak at 150 min and at 120 min, respectively. Factors within the Leydig cell appear to limit increases of testosterone and 17 OH-progesterone during the first few hours of enchanced gonadotrophin stimulation.
The role of follicle stimulating hormone in testicular function of the mature rhesus monkey
Authors: Wickings E. J. , Usadel K. H. , Dathe G. , Nieschlag E. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
In the rat, whilst FSH has been shown to be necessary for the initiation of spermatogenesis, this hormone does not appear to be involved in the maintenance of spermatogenesis in the mature animals. Since the role of FSH has not been conclusively established in primate species, including humans, a study based on the neutralization of FSH by passive immunization with specific FSH antibodies was initiated in adult male rhesus monkeys.
Prior to the actual study an antiserum pool was generated from 4 monkeys actively immunized with highly purified ovine FSH. In this FSH antiserum there was no evidence for the existence of LH antibodies, and the capacity of the antiserum to neutralize rhesus FSH was demonstrated by bioassay. Because of marked circannual variations in testicular functions passive immunization with FSH-antiserum was performed during the period of full testicular development in 4 other monkeys. FSH antiserum was injected for 106 days (i.e. a period covering the full duration of the total spermatogenetic process twice). Four further monkeys serving as controls were injected with normal rhesus serum for the same period. Testicular volume and histology, anti-FSH-titer, seminal parameters, serum testosterone, and LH were monitored at regular intervals.
In the passively immunized animals the testicular volume decreased by 50%, sperm counts decreased below control counts, histology revealed reduction of the tubular diameter by 40%, derangement of spermatogenesis and, on instances, tubuli with Sertoli cells only. Leydig cells appeared histologically normal, although testosterone levels in the passively immunized monkeys tended to be lower than in control animals. Values were not significantly different at the end of the observation period.
From these results it can be concluded that in contrast to the rat FSH plays a specific role in the maintenance of spermatogenesis in the mature rhesus monkey.
The effect of serum from obese and normal weight men on glucose metabolism in leucocytes
Authors: Myking Ole , Kjøsen Berit , Bassøe Hans H. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
The influence of pooled serum from either obese or normal weight males on glucose metabolism in human leucocytes has been studied. Leucocytes from normal weight males were incubated with 10–90% pooled serum and either [U-14C], or [1-14C]glucose. Compared to serum from the normal weight males, serum from the obese group had a more stimulating effect on the 14CO2 and [14C]lactate production from [U-14C]glucose and on the 14CO2 production from [1-14C]glucose. The two serum pools had the same stimulating effect on the Embden-Meyerhof pathway as indicated by the formation of [14C]lactate from [1-14C]glucose. Calculations revealed that the activity in the pentose phosphate pathway was stimulated more by serum from obese, than from normal weight males. It is a possibility that increased stimulation of the pentose phosphate pathway may contribute to the development of overweight.
Effect of sulpiride on plasma prolactin levels in women with puerperal or pathological hyperprolactinaemia
Authors: Massara F. , Camanni F. , Belforte Luisa , Campagnoli C. , Novi Rosa F. , Molinatti G. M. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
The effect of 100 mg im sulpiride on plasma Prl levels was studied in 10 normal females, 21 patients with galactorrhoea and normal plasma Prl, 10 women with puerperal hyperprolactinaemia and 27 patients with amenorrhoea-galactorrhoea and high plasma Prl levels.
The response to sulpiride in patients with galactorrhoea but normal Prl was slightly higher (P < 0.05) than that observed in normal women, but only if expressed in per cent.
Women with puerperal hyperprolactinaemia respond to the drug with a marked increase in Prl (mean ± sem: 563.0 ± 142.8%), even though their baseline values are already very high (mean ± sem: 133.6 ± 23.8 ng/ml).
By contrast, there is a lower or no response to sulpiride in 13 women with pituitary tumour.
The same was true in 11 patients with hyperprolactinaemia of uncertain aetiology but also 10 of these subjects presented signs suggestive of a tumour.
In the last 3 patients with pathological hyperprolactinaemia in whom a consistent Prl increase after sulpiride was observed, hyperprolactinaemia was probably not of tumourous origin.
On the basis of these results, the sulpiride test appears promising for discriminating between organic and 'functional' cases of enhanced Prl secretion.
Marathon run: effects on blood cortisol — ACTH, iodothyronines — TSH and vasopressin
Authors: Dessypris A. , Wägar G. , Fyhrquist F. , Mäkinen T. , Welin M. G. , Lamberg B.-A. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
Blood cortisol, ACTH, thyroxine, triiodothyronine, reverse triiodothyronine, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and vasopressin concentrations were determined in 9 runners (29–56 years old) and one 80 year old man taking part in a non-competitive Marathon in Athens, Greece on October 1976. After the run the mean concentrations of cortisol, ACTH and vasopressin showed a significant rise. The thyroid function variables and TSH did not differ from the control values. There was a significant correlation between the cortisol and ACTH levels after the race and also between their increments from the corresponding base values. A significant correlation was found between the physical fitness (as measured by indirect determination of Vo2max) and the post-race cortisol levels. One of the well trained runners with a fairly good running time had the highest post-race values for 6 of 7 hormones studied.
Changes in adenylate cyclase activity in rat pituitary after TRH and T3 injection in vivo
Authors: Brozmanová Hana , Langer Pavel , Knopp Jan , Földes Ondrej 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
Increased activity of adenylate cyclase in whole anterior pituitary was repeatedly found in groups of 3–6 adult male rats 5 min after iv injection of 10, 100 and 200 nmol of TRH kg−1. After the administration of 100 nmol TRH kg−1 the activity of adenylate cyclase was significantly increased at 2, 5, 10 and 30 min with a peak level at 5 min, while at 60 min the values did not differ from controls. The level of TSH in serum was significantly increased in all TRH injected groups with a peak value at 10 min, while no dose-response relationship was found at 5 min. Finally, the activity of adenylate cyclase was significantly decreased in animals injected with 20 nmol of l-triiodothyronine kg−1 180 min before sacrifice, the decrease being not overcome by 100 nmol TRH kg−1 injected 5 min before sacrifice.
Evidence for α-adrenergic receptors mediated TSH release in men
Authors: Zgliczyński Stefan , Kaniewski Marek 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
In order to elucidate the role of the adrenergic nervous system in the mechanism of TSH release in men the effects of α- and β-receptors blocking agents were studied in 11 healthy volunteers. Phentolamine administetred iv as a bolus injection in a dose of 10 mg, significantly lowered the TSH release in basal condition and in response to TRH stimulation. However, propranolol in a dose of 0.1 mg/kg administered in the same fashion as phentolamine had no effect on the TSH secretion. The results obtained suggest that the α-receptors of the adrenergic system are involved in the physiological mechanism which stimulates TSH release in men.
A pituitary tumour with possible ACTH and TSH hypersecretion in a patient with Addison's disease and primary hypothyroidism
Authors: Aanderud Sylvi , Bassøe Hans H. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
A patient with Addison's disease, who was inadequately substituted with corticosteroids for twenty-five years, developed a pituitary tumour. The diagnosis of autoimmune thryroiditis with asymptomatic hypothyroidism was also made. ACTH and TSH plasma values were abnormally elevated. The ACTH secretion was suppressed by cortisone administered perorally. It seems possible that the pituitary enlargement is due to prolonged insufficient adrenocortical replacement therapy. The differential diagnosis and possible pathogenetic factors are discussed.
Defective cortisol binding globulin affinity in association with adrenal hyperfunction: a case report
Authors: Barragry J. M. , Mason . Stuart , Seamark D. A. , Trafford D. J. H. , Makin H. L. J. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
A patient with an apparent abnormality of cortisol binding globulin (CBG) is reported. Investigations showed that while the plasma CBG binding capacity (equivalent to the plasma CBG concentration) was normal, the binding affinity was reduced by a factor of four. The significance of this observation is discussed with regard to its possible role in the development of the adrenocortical hyperfunction also seen in this patient.
The effect of chronic low-dose infusion of ACTH (1–24) on renin, renin-substrate, aldosterone and other corticosteroids in sodium replete and deplete man
Authors: Fuchs-Hammoser Regina , Schweiger Martin , Oelkers Wolfgang 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
Low-dose infusions of ACTH 1-24 (5 U/day) of 4 days duration were performed in 2 healthy young men on a normal sodium diet and in 2 on a low sodium diet, in order to study the mechanism of the transient effect of ACTH on aldosterone secretion described by other authors using larger doses of ACTH. Cortisol secretion was continuously stimulated by ACTH. Plasma aldosterone (P-Al) and its urinary metabolites increased during the first two days of infusion and returned to control or below control levels subsequently. Plasma renin activity (PRA) was also transiently stimulated by ACTH. Changes in PRA were not caused by changes in plasma renin substrate concentration. The correlation between PRA and P-Al (r = + 0.78; n = 52) was highly significant (P < 0.01). Plasma levels of deoxycorticosterone (DOC), 18-OH-DOC and corticosterone were also transiently stimulated in subjects on a normal sodium diet, while the stimulation was better maintained in those on a low sodium diet. The results suggest that the transient effect of low-dose ACTH infusion on aldosterone secretion may in part be mediated by changes in the renin-angiotensin-system. Changes in plasma levels of angiotensin II, which controls early and late steps in the mineralocorticoid biosynthetic pathway, may determine the extent to which chronically elevated ATCH levels stimulate the release of aldosterone and, perhaps, even the release of DOC and corticosterone. On the normal sodium diet, sodium retention and a slight fall in serum potassium levels towards the end of ACTH infusion may have contributed to the depression of aldosterone release.
Preparation of a partially desialylated human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) and its use for induction of ovulation after ovarian stimulation with human menopausal gonadotrophin
Authors: Crosignani P. G. , Donini P. , Lombroso G. C. , Donini S. , Caccamo A. , Trojsi L. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
A method for the large scale preparation of partially desialylated human chorionic gonadotrophin suitable for human use is reported. To obtain the desired grade of desialylation and to avoid the presence of the enzyme in the modified hormone, neuraminidase coupled to Sepharose 4B was used. The preparation showed to be active in vitro (OAAD and SVW tests) and its half-life was found to be 13 min in the rat and 75 min in human beings. This desialo hCG proved to be effective in inducing ovulation in amenorrhoeic women. Among 39 induced cycles 31 ovulations and 5 pregnancies occurred.
Treatment of anorchia with oral testosterone undecanoate: pharmacodynamics and clinical effectiveness
Authors: Weil J. , Bidlingmaier F. , Butenandt O. , Sippell W. G. , Baumgartner W. , Knorr D. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
The pharmacodynamics of plasma testosterone (T) and androstenedione (A) levels were studied in ten hypogonadal boys after oral administration of testosterone undecanoate (TU).
Plasma T and A levels were measured by specific radio-immunoassays.
Six hours after a single dose of 120 mg TU, there was a significant increase (P < 0.005) in plasma T and A with a median T peak level of 940 ng/100 ml.
Furthermore, twelve agonadal boys treated with a mean dose of 60 mg TU/day were examined over a period of 18–24 months. During this therapy, plasma T and A levels were significantly higher than before (P < 0.005), whereas plasma levels of LH and FSH did not decrease significantly. With the exception of one anorchic boy, all patients showed signs of sexual maturation, such as growth of pubic and axillary hair, and steady development of bone age during oral TU treatment.
Effect of beta-blockade on hormone release during hypoglycaemia in insulin-dependent diabetics
Authors: Lager Ibe , Jagenburg Rudolf , von Schenck Henning , Smith Ulf 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
Previous studies have shown that non-selective, but not beta1-selective, beta-blockers prolong the duration of hypoglycaemia. In order to elucidate possible mechanisms key hormones as well as alanine levels were measured following insulin-induced hypoglycaemia in 7 insulin-dependent diabetics. The subjects were treated with placebo, propranolol (a non-selective agent) or metoprolol (a beta1-selective drug) prior to the hypoglycaemia. Treatment with either beta-blocking agent led to higher levels of adrenaline, glucagon, cortisol and growth hormone during hypoglycaemia as compared to those reached on placebo. The adrenaline levels during placebo treatment in response to hypoglycaemia appeared less in these diabetics than that previously reported for non-diabetics.
The plasma alanine levels were similar and decreased following insulin administration irrespective of type of treatment.
The data show that the release of key glycogenolytic and gluconeogenic hormones is not inhibited by beta-blockers during hypoglycaemia but is instead augmented or, possibly, hormonal clearance is reduced. It is suggested that the delayed recovery in blood glucose on a non-selective beta-blocker is partly due to lack of gluconeogenic substrates such as lactate and glycerol.
Hypergonadotrophic hypogonadism with preserved fertility — A new syndrome?
Authors: Ljungberg Sten Otto , Rannevik Gunnar 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
It has been claimed that a follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) level above approximately 8 μg/l indicates ovarian failure without functioning follicles in the ovaries. Exceptional cases with elevated FSH levels and a preserved follicular apparatus in the ovaries have been published. But in none of these cases has pregnancy been reported.
This paper presents a case, which, to the best of our knowledge, is the first case in which pregnancy occurred in a patient with persistent hypergonadotrophic hypogonadism and a histologically verified normal number of primordial ovarian follicles.
The finding of menopausal levels of plasma FSH is not sufficient by itself to exclude the existence of functioning follicles in the ovaries in an amenorrhoeic patient.
Desensitization of the cyclic AMP system in rat corpora lutea. Comparison between the effects of hCG and LH
Authors: Khan M. Iqbal , Rosberg Sten , Bergh Christina , Ahrén Kurt 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
The changes in hormonal responsiveness of corpora lutea produced by a single injection of hCG or ovine LH were studied in PMSG-treated immature rats with well-characterized corpora lutea of different ages. The hormonal response was measured as LH-stimulated accumulation of cyclic AMP in isolated, whole corpora lutea and, in some experiments, as LH stimulated luteal adenylate cyclase activity. Injection of hCG produced a complete desensitization (refractoriness) of very long duration (4–5 days) as has earlier been found in rats with heavily luteinized ovaries, while the injection of LH in equivalent doses, produced only a partial desensitization of much shorter duration (12–48 h). Morphological observations, after injection of trypan blue to a small number of the rats, showed that follicular growth, ovulation and formation of new corpora lutea could occur after both hCG and LH. The possibility that the corpora lutea which started to respond to LH stimulation 5–7 days after the hCG injection were not the ones originally desensitized by hCG but new corpora lutea, is discussed. The very rapid recovery of the LH sensitivity after desensitization with LH, can, however, not be explained in the same way. It represents a true reversal to the 'normal' hormonal sensitivity of the cells originally desensitized. The marked difference between hCG and LH in these desensitizing experiments is discussed in relation to earlier known differences between these two gonadotrophins, e.g. in binding properties to ovarian receptors and in rate of metabolism in the body.
Bromocriptine treatment during early human pregnancy: effect on the levels of prolactin, sex steroids and placental lactogen
Authors: Ylikorkala O. , Kivinen S. , Rönnberg L. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
To elucidate the role of prolactin (Prl) in the endocrinology of early human pregnancy, 28 healthy women were given 5.0–7.5 mg of bromocriptine daily for two weeks between weeks 6–9 of normal gestation. Plasma Prl, oestradiol-17β (Oe2), progesterone (P), testosterone (T) and human placental lactogen (hPL) were measured before, and one and two weeks after the start of bromocriptine, and they were compared with those in 22 control women who were followed similarly but without bromocriptine treatment. Bromocriptine treatment induced a significant Prl depression at one week (7.3 ± 4.3 ng/ml vs 23.7 ± 11.4 ng/ml) and two weeks (5.3 ± 2.5 ng/ml vs 31.9 ± 16.4 ng/ml). Oe2, P. T and hPL levels, however, showed no significant differences between the groups. Two women undergoing bromocriptine treatment (7.1%) and one control woman (4.5%) experienced spontaneous incomplete abortion during the study period, but these three already had a low Oe2 level and a low/or undetectable hPL level at the beginning of the study. It is obvious that neither maternal 'hypoprolactinaemia' nor bromocriptine during early human pregnancy interfere with the normal progress of pregnancy or with the normal synthesis of sex steroids and hPL at this time.
Linear modulation of serum thyrotrophin by thyroid hormone treatment in hypothyroidism
Authors: Pekary A. Eugene , Hershman Jerome M. , Sawin Clark T. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
Basal serum TSH and the peak TSH response to a 500 μg TRH bolus were measured in 57 euthyroid and in 29 hypothyroid subjects either receiving graded thyroid hormone replacement or acutely removed from full replacement therapy. Serum TSH, total T4 and T3 were determined by sensitive radioimmunoassay methods. The peak versus basal TSH data for hypothyroid patients were linear within individuals. The regression slope of the peak versus basal TSH data for all hypothyroid subjects did not differ significantly from the corresponding slope for all euthyroid subjects. Basal and peak TSH versus T3 and T4 data for hypothyroid patients were also linear within each individual. Moreover, the regression of the basal TSH values averaged over the non-replacement to full replacement state against the TSH versus T3 slope had a significant negative correlation. This trend leads to an array of regression lines which average to the familiar hyperbolic relationship between thyrotrophin and thyroid hormone levels in man.
Serum levels of insulin-like growth factor (IGF) and its carrier protein in various metabolic disorders
Authors: Zapf Jürgen , Morell Beat , Walter Helmut , Laron Zvi , Froesch E. Rudolf 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
The levels of insulin-like growth factors (IGF), two somatomedin-like polypeptides of human serum and of their carrier protein were determined in sera of patients with various metabolic disorders. IGF was measured by 4 different methods (fat pad and fat cell assay and competitive protein binding assay measuring total IGF, and a radioimmunoassay for IGF I) after extraction by acidic gel filtration on Sephadex G-50. This procedure is necessary to separate IGF from the carrier protein, which interferes with all of these assays.
1) In normal serum, immunoreactive IGF I accounts for one third of total IGF determined by the fat pad assay, but only for one fifth to one sixth of immunoreactive IGF I + II.
2) In acromegalics total IGF was increased 1.5- (protein binding and fat cell assay) to 2-fold (fat pad assay), but the increase was solely due to immunoreactive IGF I, which was ∼ 5-times above normal. The IGF binding activity was not elevated. Total IGF and IGF binding were decreased in hypopituitarism, Laron-type dwarfism and in liver cirrhosis. Immunoreactive IGF I was more drastically reduced in these diseases than total IGF. Apparently, only IGF I is under growth hormone control. The liver seems to be involved in the production of IGF.
3) No elevation of total IGF was found in patients with extrapancreatic tumour hypoglycaemia, but IGF binding was reduced. Immunoreactive IGF I was decreased in 5 of 10 patients. These results suggest that tumour hypoglycaemia in our patients is unlikely to be caused by increased IGF levels.
4) In patients with hyperprolactinaemia neither total IGF nor immunoreactive IGF I were elevated, and IGF binding was unchanged.
5) In newly detected insulin-deficient juvenile diabetics total IGF and immunoreactive IGF I levels were within the normal range, although the variation was greater than in normal subjects. However, IGF binding was markedly decreased.