bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stressful life‐events exposure is associated with 17‐year mortality, but it is health‐related events that prove predictive
Authors: Phillips Anna C. , Der Geoff , Carroll Douglas 
Published: January 2008

Objectives Despite the widely‐held view that psychological stress is a major cause of poor health, few studies have examined the relationship between stressful life‐events exposure and death. The present analyses examined the association between overall life‐events stress load, health‐related and health‐unrelated stress, and subsequent all‐cause mortality.Design This study employed a prospective longitudinal design incorporating time‐varying covariates.Methods Participants were 968 Scottish men and women who were 56 years old. Stressful life‐events experience for the preceding 2 years was assessed at baseline, 8–9 years and 12–13 years later. Mortality was tracked for the subsequent 17 years during which time 266 participants had died. Cox's regression models with time‐varying covariates were applied. We adjusted for sex, occupational status, smoking, BMI, and systolic blood pressure.Results Overall life‐events numbers and their impact scores at the time of exposure and the time of assessment were associated with 17‐year mortality. Health‐related event numbers and impact scores were strongly predictive of mortality. This was not the case for health‐unrelated events.Conclusions The frequency of life‐events and the stress load they imposed were associated with all‐cause mortality. However, it was the experience and impact of health‐related, not health‐unrelated, events that proved predictive. This reinforces the need to disaggregate these two classes of exposures in studies of stress and health outcomes.
Fear appeals and binge drinking: A terror management theory perspective
Authors: Jessop Donna C. , Wade Jennifer 
Published: January 2008

Objectives The aim of the current research was to test the terror management theory‐derived hypotheses that exposure to information about the mortality‐related risks of binge drinking would make mortality salient (Study 1) and, hence, exacerbate willingness to binge drink amongst those who perceive this behaviour to benefit self‐esteem (Study 2).Study 1 Participants (N=97) were allocated to one of five experimental conditions. Results confirmed that exposure to information about the mortality‐related risks of binge drinking made mortality salient.Study 2 Participants (N=296) were allocated to one of three experimental conditions. Exposure to mortality‐related information about the risks of binge drinking was found to result in greater willingness to binge drink among (i) binge drinkers and (ii) non‐binge drinkers who perceived this behaviour to benefit self‐esteem. There was no evidence, however, that exposure to such information influenced binge drinking over the following week.Conclusions Research findings suggest that mortality‐related health promotion campaigns might inadvertently make mortality salient, and hence precipitate the very behaviours which they aim to deter among some recipients.
The effectiveness of psychodynamic‐interpersonal therapy (PIT) in routine clinical practice: A benchmarking comparison
Authors: Paley Graham , Cahill Jane , Barkham Michael , Shapiro David , Jones Jaque , Patrick Sarah , Reid Errol 
Published: January 2008

Aims. To investigate the effectiveness of psychodynamic‐interpersonal therapy (PIT) in a routine clinical practice setting.Methods. Full pre–post data were available on 62 out of a total of 67 patients aged between 19 and 60 years. Patients were seen over a 52‐month period (2001–2005) receiving a course of PIT therapy (mean number of sessions=16.9, median number of sessions=16). The outcomes were assessed using a range of outcome measures: the 32‐item version of the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems (IIP‐32), the Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation Outcome Measure (CORE‐OM), and the Beck Depression Inventory – Second Edition (BDI‐II). Study data were benchmarked against comparative national and local data.Results. There were significant pre–post reductions on all measures: IIP‐32 effect size (ES)=0.56; CORE–OM ES=0.76; BDI–II ES=0.76. Reliable and clinically significant change was achieved by 34% of clients on the BDI‐II and by 40% of clients on the CORE‐OM. Clients with high pre‐therapy levels of interpersonal problems had poorer outcomes.Conclusion. Benchmarking our results against both national and local comparative data showed that our results were less favourable than those obtained where PIT had been used in efficacy trials, but were comparable with reports of other therapies (including cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT)) in routine practice settings. The results show that PIT can yield acceptable clinical outcomes, comparable to CBT in a routine care setting, within the context of current limitations of the practice‐based evidence paradigm.
Size Selectivity, Injury, Handling Time, and Determinants of Initial Hooking Mortality in Recreational Angling for Northern Pike: The Influence of Type and Size of Bait
Authors: Arlinghaus Robert , Klefoth Thomas , Kobler Alexander , Cooke Steven J. 
Published: January 2008

Abstract
We examined the relationship between bait and lure size and type and body size, injury, and handling time for northern pike Esox lucius, an important recreational fisheries resource in much of North America and Europe. Bait type and size were significantly related to the size of fish captured and hooking location. Hooking in critical locations (i.e., gills, gullet) was more likely to occur with natural bait, soft plastic shads and jigs, and spoons than with spinners and wobblers (i.e., plugs). Small baits (&lt;75 mm) were more likely to hook the fish in the gills and less likely to hook the fish in the upper jaw than larger baits. It took longer to remove hooks from gills than from other hooking locations. Frequency of bleeding was related to depth of hooking but was unrelated to fish size, bait type, bait size, or fishing method. Initial mortality of northern pike was low (mean ± 95% confidence interval = 2.4 ± 1.5%), and hooking mortality was significantly related to the level of bleeding as a proxy for severity of injury. Results of this study suggest that using large artificial lures and large natural baits can effectively reduce the incidence of hooking small northern pike (i.e., those that are sublegal in some jurisdictions). However, the use of natural bait can also result in a higher incidence of deep hooking, which in turn increases the likelihood of injury and bleeding. This study revealed the complexity associated with using bait and lure restrictions to complement standard harvest regulations in northern pike recreational fisheries.
Factors Affecting Bottom Trawl Catches: Implications for Monitoring the Fishes of Lake Superior
Authors: Yule Daniel L. , Adams Jean V. , Stockwell Jason D. , Gorman Owen T. 
Published: January 2008

Abstract
An annual daytime bottom trawl survey of the Lake Superior fish community designed in 1978 does not adequately assess the entire community. Whereas recent studies have recommended that pelagic species be surveyed with a combination of acoustic and midwater trawling methods (AC–MT), we used bottom trawling to study the effects of depth, diel period, and season on biomass estimates and the sizes of bottom-oriented species. Day and night bottom trawl samples were collected within 48 h at three depths (30, 60, and 120 m) at a Lake Superior site during eight sampling periods that included two seasons each year (early summer and late summer to early fall) for 2 years (2004 and 2005). Depth significantly affected the biomass of seven of the eight species analyzed, while diel period affected the biomass of six species. For most species, average biomass levels were higher at night. The effect of season on biomass was comparatively low (three species were significantly affected). Depth significantly affected the sizes of six bottom-oriented species, as the average length of most species increased with depth. The effects of diel period (three species) and season (one species) on average length were comparatively small. By adding night bottom trawl samples to night AC–MT collections, the entire fish community of Lake Superior can be monitored with a single lakewide survey employing multiple gears. The establishment of offshore sampling (i.e., where depths exceed 80 m) will provide estimates of deepwater species that have been largely undersampled by the 1978-designed survey. We recommend that the present fish community survey be maintained, albeit at a reduced level, until a nighttime survey time series is well established (in 3–5 years).
Comparison of Rainbow Smelt Age Estimates from Fin Rays and Otoliths
Authors: Walsh Maureen G. , Maloy Aaron P. , O'Brien Timothy P. 
Published: January 2008

Abstract
Rainbow smelt Osmerus mordax, although nonnative, are an important component of the offshore food web in the Laurentian Great Lakes. In Lake Ontario, we estimate ages of rainbow smelt annually to study population dynamics such as year-class strength and age-specific growth and mortality. Since the early 1980s, we have used pectoral fin rays to estimate rainbow smelt ages, but the sectioning and mounting of fin rays are time and labor intensive. Our objective was to assess the feasibility of using otoliths rather than fin rays to estimate rainbow smelt ages. Three readers interpreted the ages of 172 rainbow smelt (60–198 mm total length) based on thin sections of pectoral fin rays, whole otoliths with no preparation, and whole otoliths that had been cleared for 1 month in a 70:30 ethanol : glycerin solution. Bias was lower and precision was greater for fin rays than for otoliths; these results were consistent for comparisons within readers (first and second readings by one individual; three readers were used) and between readers (one reading for each reader within a pair). Both otolith methods appeared to misclassify age-1 rainbow smelt. Fin ray ages had the highest precision and provided the best approximation of age estimates inferred from the Lake Ontario population's length frequency distribution and from our understanding of this population.
Effects of Whole-Body Vibration Exercise on Lower-Extremity Muscle Strength and Power in an Older Population: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Rees Sven S , Murphy Aron J , Watsford Mark L 
Published: January 2008

Background and Purpose
Vibration training is a relatively new exercise intervention. This study investigated the effects of vibration exercise on strength (force-producing capacity) and power in older adults who are healthy.

Participants and Methods
Thirty participants (mean age=73.7 years, SD=4.6) were randomly assigned to a vibration exercise training (VIB) group or an exercise without vibration training (EX) group. The interventions consisted of 3 sessions per week for 8 weeks. Outcome measures included isokinetic flexor and extensor strength and power of the hip, knee, and ankle.

Results
The VIB group significantly improved ankle plantar flexor strength and power compared with the EX group. However, there were no significant differences between the VIB and EX groups for knee flexor or extensor strength.

Discussion and Conclusion
Vibration training contributed to an increase in plantar flexor strength and power. However, the strength gains for the knee and hip flexors and extensors for the VIB group and the EX group were comparable. Future vibration protocols should explore different body positions to target muscles higher up on the leg.
Multiple Poles at Negative Integers for $\int_Af^λ☐$ in the Case of an Almost Isolated Singularity
Authors: Barlet Daniel 
Published: January 2008

We give a necessary and sufficient topological condition on

A\in H^0(\{f≠ 0\},ℂ)

, for a real analytic germ

f: (ℝ^{n+1},0) → (ℝ,0)

, whose complexification has an isolated singularity relatively to the eigenvalue 1 of the monodromy, in order that the meromorphic continuation of

\int_Af^λ☐

has a multiple pole at sufficiently “large” negative integers. We show that if such a multiple pole exists, it occurs already at

λ = −(n + 1)

with its maximal order which is computed topologically.

Résumé

Nous donnons une condition necessaire et suffisante topologique sur

A\in H^0(\{f≠ 0\},ℂ)

, pour un germe analytique réel

f: (ℝ^{n+1},0) → (ℝ,0)

, dont la complexifiée présente une singularité isolée relativement á la valeur propre 1 de la monodromie, pour que le prolongement analytique de

\int_Af^λ☐

présente un pôle multiple aux entiers négatifs assez “grands.” On montre en particulier que si un tel pôle multiple existe, il apparaît déjà pour

λ = −(n + 1)

avec l'ordre maximal que nous calculons topologiquement.
Generalization and Exact Deformations of Quantum Groups
Authors: Frønsdal Christian 
Published: January 2008

A large family of “standard” coboundary Hopf algebras is investigated. The existence of a universal R-matrix is demonstrated for the case when the parameters are in general position. Algebraic surfaces in parameter space are characterized by the appearance of certain ideals; in this case the universal R-matrix exists on the associated algebraic quotient. In special cases the quotient is a “standard” quantum group; all familiar quantum groups including twisted ones are obtained in this way. In other special cases one finds new types of coboundary bi-algebras.
The “standard” universal R-matrix is shown to be the unique solution of a very simple, linear recursion relation. The classical limit is obtained in the case of quantized Kac–Moody algebras of finite and affine type.

Returning to the general case, we study deformations of the standard R-matrix and the associated Hopf algebras. A preliminary investigation of the first order deformations uncovers a class of deformations that incompasses the quantization of all Kac–Moody algebras of finite and affine type. The corresponding exact deformations are described as generalized twists,

R_\epsilon = (F^t)^{–1}RF

, where

R

is the standard R-matrix and the cocycle

F

(a power series in the deformation parameter

\epsilon

) is the solution of a linear recursion relation of the same type as that which determines

R

. Included here is the universal R-matrix for the elliptic quantum groups associated with

\textit{sl}(n)

, a big surprise!

Specializing again, to the case of quantized Kac–Moody algebras, and taking the classical limit of these esoteric quantum groups, one re-discovers all the trigonometric and elliptic r-matrices of Belavin and Drinfeld. The formulas obtained here are easier to use than the original ones, and the structure of the space of classical r-matrices is more transparent. The r-matrices obtained here are more general in that they are defined on the full Kac–Moody algebras, the central extensions of the loop groups.
Extended Landau Variety and the Singularity Spectrum of Position-Space Feynman Amplitudes
Authors: Kawai Takahiro 
Published: January 2008

It is shown that the singularity spectrum of (generalized)
position-space
Feynman amplitude Δ_D_(
x
; λ) is confined to the extended Landau variety (introduced by Kashiwara-Kawai [8], [9] and Kashiwara-Kawai-Stapp [11](0)) associated with the Feynman diagram
D
(0), which is obtained by replacing all the masses associated with the internal lines of
D
with zero, at least under the assumption that the diagram
D
is external.
A remark on Piron's paper
Authors: Amemiya Ichiro , Araki Huzihiro 
Published: January 2008

The following statement (Piron's Theorem 22) is proved: The lattice
Z
/(
V
) of all subspaces of a prehilbert space
V
is orthomodular if and only if
V
is complete (i. e. a Hilbert space).
Carriers of continuous measures in a Hilbertian norm
Authors: Umemura Yasuo 
Published: January 2008

From the standpoint of the theory of measures on the dual space of a nuclear space, we discuss the carrier of Wiener measure, regarding it as a measure on (

\mathcal D'

) (= Schwartz's space of distributions). This may be contrasted with the usual treatment which regards it as a measure on the space of paths.

It is shown that for

α > \frac 1 2

, integral operator

I_α

is nuclear on

L^2((0,1)) (≡H_0)

. Using this fact, we see that Wiener measure lies on the space

I_β(H_0) (β<\frac 1 2)

which consists of Holder continuous functions of the

β

-th order in the sense of

L^2

. This result is true for any measure whose characteristic functional is continuous on

L^2((0,1))

.
Peer Review Groups: Problems and Solutions
Authors: Beatson Josephine , Knothe Barbara 
Published: January 2008

Objective: To elucidate and delineate principles for dealing with problems encountered in peer review groups. Method: A workshop format was utilised in which a number of interested psychiatrists were invited to rote-play specific problems which occurred in established peer review groups, and reported in recent research studies. Process notes or videotapes were used to record proceedings. Principles were delineated for the management of five specific problems via role-play and discussion. Results: Principles have been delineated for the management of the following problems reported by peer review groups: dominating group member; member with disturbing behaviour; member providing inadequate treatment; member transgressing treatment boundaries; and group members strongly disagreeing about the management of a case. Conclusion: Problems encountered within peer review groups were adequately replicated during role-played enactments. The workshop format offered a means of engaging with these, allowing exploration and subsequent resolution of problems which had not proved resolvable in the real group peer review situation.
The Relationship between Low Family Income and Psychological Disturbance in Young Children: An Australian Longitudinal Study
Authors: Bor William , Najman Jake M. , Andersen Margaret J. , O'callaghan Michael , Williams Gail M. , Behrens Brett C. 
Published: January 2008

Objective: This study examines the relationship between low family income (LFI) experienced at different points in time, chronic low income status and its impact on child behaviour measured at 5 years of age. Method: Longitudinal data from the Mater University Study of Pregnancy were used to measure LFI in families at three points in time (the antenatal period, 6 months post birth and at 5 years cf age). Outcome variables were three independent groups of behaviour problems labelled as externalising, social, attentional and thought (SAT) problems, and internalising problems. These groups were developed from the Child Behaviour Checklist. An analysis based on logistic regression modelling was carried out examining the relationship between LFI and a range of intermediate variables known to be associated with child behaviour problems. Results: The more often families experienced low income, the higher the rate of child behaviour problems at age 5. Low family income was still independently associated with SAT behaviour problems after controlling for smoking in the first trimester, parenting styles, maternal depression and marital dysharmony at age 5. The association between LFI and internalising and externalising behaviour problems was largely mediated by maternal depression. Conclusion: Low family income is a significant factor in the aetiology of a variety of child behaviour problems. The mechanisms involved in the link between LFI and hildhood internalising and externalising behaviours involve the exposure of the children to maternal depression. However, the relationship between LFI and SAT behaviour problems remains to be elucidated.
The Molecular Genetics of Schizophrenia: An Update
Authors: Mowry Bryan J. , Nancarrow Derek J. , Levinson Douglas F. 
Published: January 2008

Objective: This paper aims to summarise the latest molecular genetic findings in schizophrenia, while providing background information on a number of relevant methodological issues. Method: Accumulative genetic data indicate that schizophrenia is a genetically complex disease with an unclear mode of transmission. The development and rapid progression of molecular genetics have provided a wide variety of methods to search for genes predisposing to human disease. The genetic basis for a number of the simpler diseases has been identified and characterised using these methods. More recently, progress has been made in identifying genes predisposing to the genetically more complex diseases such as diabetes mellitus, multiple sclerosis, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. Results: The latest findings on chromosomes 3, 6, 8, 13, 18 and 22 and on the chromosome are reviewed. Conclusions: There is now suggestive support for three susceptibility loci (6p24–22, 8p22–21 and 22q12-q13.1) for schizophrenia, and it is likely that other regions will emerge from studies now in progress. Finding and then characterising genes within these loci will require long-term commitment and systematic efforts in clinical, laboratory and analytical fields.
An Evaluation of the Effectiveness of a Consultation-Iiaison Psychiatry Service in General Practice
Authors: Can Vaughan J. , Lewin Terry J. , Reid Alexander L.A. , Walton Jane M. , Faehrmann Catherine 
Published: January 2008

Objective: This study evaluated the 6-month outcome of patients referred by their general practitioner (GP) to a consultation-liaison (C-L) psychiatry service provided to eight group general practices. Method: Over a 12-month period, there were 307 referrals to the C-L psychiatry service of whom 86 consented to take part in an outcome study. Two different control groups were examined comprising patients seen by the same GPs but not referred to the C-L service, who were matched with the C-L referrals on the basis of either demographic characteristics (n = 86) or initial symptomatology (n = 59). Clinical interviews were conducted at recruitment to the outcome study using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI), while postal questionnaires were used at both the initial and 6-month assessments. Results: Data reported include DSM-Ill-R clinical audit and ClDl diagnoses, changes in current syrnptomatology (SCL-904) and changes in global ratings of physical health, emotional health, social relationships and ability to perform everyday duties. Consultation-liaison referrals without symptom-matched controls (n = 27), being patients with higher levels of symptoms initially, were more likely to be referred to other psychiatric services for treatment. They also showed more marked improvement over time on the selected outcome measures. However, there were no significant differences in the patterns of change overtime between symptom-matched C-L referrals and their non-referred controls. Conclusions: The findings from the 6-month outcome study raise doubts about the overall benefit of the current C-L service relative to usual GP care. Improving the quality of psychiatric care in general practice is likely to require a range of interrelated strategies, including C-L psychiatry services, GP education and well-functioning links with public mental health services.