bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Minimal nutrition intervention with high-protein/low-carbohydrate and low-fat, nutrient-dense food supplement improves body composition and exercise benefits in overweight adults: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Lockwood Christopher M , Moon Jordan R , Tobkin Sarah E , Walter Ashley A , Smith Abbie E , Dalbo Vincent J , Cramer Joel T , Stout Jeffrey R 
Published: May 2008

Abstract

Background
Exercise and high-protein/reduced-carbohydrate and -fat diets have each been shown separately, or in combination with an energy-restricted diet to improve body composition and health in sedentary, overweight (BMI > 25) adults. The current study, instead, examined the physiological response to 10 weeks of combined aerobic and resistance exercise (EX) versus exercise + minimal nutrition intervention designed to alter the macronutrient profile, in the absence of energy restriction, using a commercially available high-protein/low-carbohydrate and low-fat, nutrient-dense food supplement (EXFS); versus control (CON).

Methods
Thirty-eight previously sedentary, overweight subjects (female = 19; male = 19) were randomly assigned to either CON (n = 10), EX (n = 14) or EXFS (n = 14). EX and EXFS participated in supervised resistance and endurance training (2× and 3×/wk, respectively); EXFS consumed 1 shake/d (weeks 1 and 2) and 2 shakes/d (weeks 3–10).

Results
EXFS significantly decreased total energy, carbohydrate and fat intake (-14.4%, -27.2% and -26.7%, respectively; p < 0.017), and increased protein and fiber intake (+52.1% and +21.2%, respectively; p < 0.017). EX and EXFS significantly decreased fat mass (-4.6% and -9.3%, respectively; p < 0.017), with a greater (p < 0.05) decrease in EXFS than EX and CON. Muscle mass increase only reached significance in EXFS (+2.3%; p < 0.017), which was greater (p < 0.05) than CON but not EX (+1.1%). Relative VO2max improved in both exercise groups (EX = +5.0% and EXFS = +7.9%; p < 0.017); however, only EXFS significantly improved absolute VO2max (+6.2%; p = 0.001). Time-to-exhaustion during treadmill testing increased in EX (+9.8%) but was significantly less (p < 0.05) than in EXFS (+21.2%). Total cholesterol and LDL decreased only in the EXFS (-12.0% and -13.3%, respectively; p < 0.017). Total cholesterol-to-HDL ratio, however, decreased significantly (p < 0.017) in both exercise groups.

Conclusion
Absent energy restriction or other dietary controls, provision of a high-protein/low-carbohydrate and -fat, nutrient-dense food supplement significantly, 1) modified ad libitum macronutrient and energy intake (behavior effect), 2) improved physiological adaptations to exercise (metabolic advantage), and 3) reduced the variability of individual responses for fat mass, muscle mass and time-to-exhaustion – all three variables improving in 100% of EXFS subjects.
Serum biomarker profiles and response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy for locally advanced breast cancer
Authors: Nolen Brian M , Marks Jeffrey R , Ta'san Shlomo , Rand Alex , Luong The Minh , Wang Yun , Blackwell Kimberly , Lokshin Anna E 
Published: May 2008

Abstract
Introduction
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy has become the standard of care for the diverse population of women diagnosed with locally advanced breast cancer. Serum biomarker levels are increasingly being investigated for their ability to predict therapy response and aid in the development of individualized treatment regimens. Multianalyte profiles may offer greater predictive power for neoadjuvant treatment response than the individual biomarkers currently in use.

Methods
Serum samples were collected from 44 patients enrolled in a phase I–II, open-label study of liposomal doxorubicin and paclitaxel in combination with whole breast hyperthermia for the neoadjuvant treatment of locally advanced breast cancer (stage IIB or stage III). Samples were collected prior to each of four rounds of treatment and prior to definitive surgery. Samples were assayed by Luminex assay for 55 serum biomarkers, including cancer antigens, growth/angiogenic factors, apoptosis-related molecules, metastasis-related molecules, adhesion molecules, adipokines, cytokines, chemokines, hormones, and other proteins.

Results
Biomarker levels were compared retrospectively with clinical and pathologic treatment responses. Univariate analysis of the data identified several groups of biomarkers that differed significantly among treatment outcome groups early in the course of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Multivariate statistical analysis revealed multibiomarker panels that could differentiate between treatment response groups with high sensitivity and specificity.

Conclusion
We demonstrate here that serum biomarker profiles may offer predictive power concerning treatment response and outcome in the neoadjuvant setting. The continued development of these findings will be of considerable clinical utility in the design of treatment regimens for individual breast cancer patients.

Trial registration
#NCT00346229.
Chemoselection As a Strategy for Organ Preservation in Advanced Oropharynx Cancer: Response and Survival Positively Associated With HPV16 Copy Number
Authors: Worden Francis P. , Kumar Bhavna , Lee Julia S. , Wolf Gregory T. , Cordell Kitrina G. , Taylor Jeremy M.G. , Urba Susan G. , Eisbruch Avraham , Teknos Theodoros N. , Chepeha Douglas B. , Prince Mark E. , Tsien Christina I. , D’Silva Nisha J. , Yang Kun , Kurnit David M. , Mason Heidi L. , Miller Tamara H. , Wallace Nancy E. , Bradford Carol R. , Carey Thomas E. 
Published: May 2008

Purpose To test induction chemotherapy (IC) followed by concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CRT) or surgery/radiotherapy (RT) for advanced oropharyngeal cancer and to assess the effect of human papilloma virus (HPV) on response and outcome. Patients and Methods Sixty-six patients (51 male; 15 female) with stage III to IV squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx (SCCOP) were treated with one cycle of cisplatin (100 mg/m2) or carboplatin (AUC 6) and with fluorouracil (1,000 mg/m2/d for 5 days) to select candidates for CRT. Those achieving a greater than 50% response at the primary tumor received CRT (70 Gy; 35 fractions with concurrent cisplatin 100 mg/m2 or carboplatin (AUC 6) every 21 days for three cycles). Adjuvant paclitaxel was given to patients who were complete histologic responders. Patients with a response of 50% or less underwent definitive surgery and postoperative radiation. Pretreatment biopsies from 42 patients were tested for high-risk HPV. Results Fifty-four of 66 patients (81%) had a greater than 50% response after IC. Of these, 53 (98%) received CRT, and 49 (92%) obtained complete histologic response with a 73.4% (47 of 64) rate of organ preservation. The 4-year overall survival (OS) was 70.4%, and the disease-specific survival (DSS) was 75.8% (median follow-up, 64.1 months). HPV16, found in 27 of 42 (64.3%) biopsies, was associated with younger age (median, 55 v 63 years; P = .016), sex (22 of 30 males [73.3%] and five of 12 females [41.7%]; P = .08), and nonsmoking status (P = .037). HPV titer was significantly associated with IC response (P = .001), CRT response (P = .005), OS (P = .007), and DSS (P = .008). Conclusion Although the numbers in this study are small, IC followed by CRT is an effective treatment for SCCOP, especially in patients with HPV-positive tumors; however, for patients who do not respond to treatment, alternative treatments must be developed.
EGFR, p16, HPV Titer, Bcl-xL and p53, Sex, and Smoking As Indicators of Response to Therapy and Survival in Oropharyngeal Cancer
Authors: Kumar Bhavna , Cordell Kitrina G. , Lee Julia S. , Worden Francis P. , Prince Mark E. , Tran Huong H. , Wolf Gregory T. , Urba Susan G. , Chepeha Douglas B. , Teknos Theodoros N. , Eisbruch Avraham , Tsien Christina I. , Taylor Jeremy M.G. , D’Silva Nisha J. , Yang Kun , Kurnit David M. , Bauer Joshua A. , Bradford Carol R. , Carey Thomas E. 
Published: May 2008

Purpose To prospectively identify markers of response to therapy and outcome in an organ-sparing trial for advanced oropharyngeal cancer. Patients and Methods Pretreatment biopsies were examined for expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), p16, Bcl-xL, and p53 as well as for p53 mutation. These markers were assessed for association with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV), response to therapy, and survival. Patient variables included smoking history, sex, age, primary site, tumor stage, and nodal status. Results EGFR expression was inversely associated with response to induction chemotherapy (IC) (P = .01), chemotherapy/radiotherapy (CRT; P = .055), overall survival (OS; P = .001), and disease-specific survival (DSS; P = .002) and was directly associated with current smoking (P = .04), female sex (P = .053), and lower HPV titer (P = .03). HPV titer was significantly associated with p16 expression (P < .0001); p16 was significantly associated with response to IC (P = .008), CRT (P = .009), OS (P = .001), and DSS (P = .003). As combined markers, lower HPV titer and high EGFR expression were associated with worse OS (ρEGFR = 0.008; ρHPV = 0.03) and DSS (ρEGFR = 0.01; ρHPV = 0.016). In 36 of 42 biopsies, p53 was wild-type, and only one HPV-positive tumor had mutant p53. The combination of low p53 and high Bcl-xL expression was associated with poor OS (P = .005) and DSS (P = .002). Conclusion Low EGFR and high p16 (or higher HPV titer) expression are markers of good response to organ-sparing therapy and outcome, whereas high EGFR expression, combined low p53/high Bcl-xL expression, female sex, and smoking are associated with a poor outcome. Smoking cessation and strategies to target EGFR and Bcl-xL are important adjuncts to the treatment of oropharyngeal cancer.
Technology development for steering and stabilizers
Authors: Stafford B , Osborne N 
Published: May 2008

As part of the All-Electric Ship concept the Ministry of Defence (MoD) Defence Procurement Agency Future Business Group's Marine Engineering Development Programme (MEDP) has been investigating the Electrical Actuation of Hydrodynamic Control Surfaces (ELAHCS) Programme for the Royal Navy. The project is presently examining the replacement of traditional hydraulic actuation systems for fixed-fin ship stabilizers, steering gear, and hydroplane actuation with novel electric actuation methods. As part of this programme the project has developed a technical demonstrator – a fixed-fin stabilizer actuator – which was fitted to both stabilizers on an operational Type 23 Frigate as part of a System Demonstrator Programme (SDP). This demonstrator is providing system performance and environmental data and contributing to the wider understanding of hydrodynamic control surface requirements. It is also illustrating the potential benefits of this technology which are reduced lifecycle costs, simpler installation and maintenance, improved survivability, cleaner systems, elimination of high-energy fluidic systems, and hence the associated support and training and hazards. This paper describes the development of the ELAHCS Programme, the progress of the SDP to date, and additional future exploitation of this technology for ship and submarine applications.
An Attempt to Characterize the Frequency, Health Impact, and Operational Costs of Oil in the Cabin and Flight Deck Supply Air on U.S. Commercial Aircraft
Authors: Murawski Judith T. L. , Supplee David S. 
Published: May 2008

Abstract
Industry, government, and labor representatives have all acknowledged that air supply systems on commercial aircraft sometimes get contaminated with pyrolyzed engine oil or hydraulic fluid, but efforts to define “sometimes” have been lacking. Despite the lack of attention it has received, the answer to this “how often” question is important because it will influence the willingness of industry, as well as regulators and legislators, to develop and implement control measures to prevent such air supply contamination. To address this data gap, an industrial hygienist collected reports of air supply contamination over an 18-month period (January 2006 through June 2007) from the following sources, all per defined inclusion criteria: (1) Service Difficulty Reports (SDR) and Accident and Incident Data System (AIDS) reports that airlines submitted to the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA); (2) incidents that flight attendants documented with one of 20 airlines and copied to one crewmember labor union; and (3) newspaper clips identified in online searches. A qualified airline mechanic reviewed each SDR and AIDS report with an oil or hydraulic fluid-related mechanical defect that did not explicitly mention oil or hydraulic fluid in combination with a specific word that indicated air supply contamination (i.e., “fume,” “haze,” “mist,” “odor,” “smell,” or “smoke”) to determine its eligibility. The resulting dataset of 470 air supply contamination events reported in the U.S. commercial fleet over an 18-month period translates into an average of 0.86 events per day and includes 350 incidents reported by airlines to the FAA, 115 reported flight attendants to their airline, and 37 incidents reported by at least one newspaper. There was limited overlap between sources. The data are discussed in detail along with commentary on whether and how the data are representative, the health and operational costs associated with air supply contamination, and some preventive measures.
Fractality feature in incompressible three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic turbulence
Authors: Momeni Mahdi , Moslehi-Fard Mahmoud 
Published: May 2008

Abstract
Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) of decaying isotropic 3D magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence based on the 10243-modes in a periodic box is used to study the statistical properties of turbulence. In this paper, the presence of intermittency in MHD turbulence is investigated through the analysis of the Probability Distribution Function (PDF) for Elsässer fields and total energy fluctuations. We observe that the PDFs of the Elsässer fields fluctuations display a strong non-Gaussian behavior at small scale, which can be ascribed to multifractality feature, while the PDFs of the total energy fluctuations have the same shape over all observed scales and are monofractal. The PDFs have stretched exponential tail and satisfy the function P(|δX|) ∼ exp(−A|δX|μ). Numerically, we extract the exponent μ and find that it is constant for monofractal behavior as the length scale varies. To check the notion of self-similarity in the respective fluctuation, we apply the compensated structure functions.
Effects of right-unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine infusion-induced memory impairment and oxidative stress: relevance for Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Hritcu Lucian , Ciobica Alin , Artenie Vlad 
Published: May 2008

Abstract
Male Wistar rats were subjected to right-unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) (2 μg/μl) lesions of the ventral tegmental area (VTA) or the substantia nigra (SN), or were sham-operated, and their ability to acquire the operant task was studied by means of Y-maze and shuttle-box tasks. Lesions of both the VTA and the SN resulted in an impairment of conditioned avoidance response and increase of crossing latency tested by means of shuttle-box task, suggesting significant effects of long-term memory. 6-OHDA significantly decreased spontaneous alternation in Y-maze task, suggesting effects on spatial memory, especially on short-term memory. In addition, 6-OHDA lesions of the VTA and the SN induced reductions in superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activities and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the temporal lobe rather than in the frontal lobe homogenates. Our results provide further support for the toxic effects of 6-OHDA-induced memory impairment and oxidative stress with relevance for Parkinson’s disease.
The Adoption of Service Learning in Universities Around The World
Authors: Umpleby Stuart , Rakicevik Gabriela 
Published: May 2008

The Adoption of Service Learning in Universities Around The World
In the United States, service learning has proven to be an effective means for both education and for community development. It seems logical to assume that service learning would be similarly effective in other countries. However, universities in other countries operate quite differently from universities in the U. S. Discussions with professors from the former Soviet Union and Southeast Europe produced a list of obstacles to transferring service learning to other countries. This paper suggests some ways of minimizing these obstacles. As service learning is implemented in universities around the world, opportunities for people to learn from the experiences of others will increase.
The spinal root origins and clinical implications of the lower subscapular nerve
Authors: Kim Deog‐Im , Lee Kyu‐Seok , Kim Ho‐Jeong , Chae Han‐Kyo , Yu Kee‐Hyun 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to define the spinal root origins of the lower subscapular nerve and the amounts of participating nerve fibers from each spinal root and to discuss the clinical implications. Using a method of separating the nerve fascicles that traces the particular nerve fibers at the intrafascicular level, the spinal root origins of the lower subscapular nerve appeared as two types. The first type comprised 76.9% and was composed of the C5, C6, and C7 roots; the second type comprised 23.1% and was composed of the C6 and C7 roots. The number of nerve fibers was 357.2 ± 139.7 (mean ± SD) derived from C5, 1070.4 ± 390.6 from C6, and 500.0 ± 285.4 from C7. The nerve fascicles comprising the lower subscapular nerve traveled within the partially common fascicles composed of the axillary nerve. Therefore, injury of the lower subscapular nerve may be accompanied by a lesion of the axillary nerve, which generally consists of C5 and C6 roots composing the posterior cord of the brachial plexus. Clin. Anat. 21:416–419, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The importance of atrial structure and fibers
Authors: Ho S.Y. , Sánchez‐Quintana D. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractAtrial structures are important in the current era of cardiac interventions using percutaneous transcatheter procedures. Understanding their locations and component parts helps to reduce risks of procedural‐related damage. The general arrangement of the myofibers that make up the atrial walls is reviewed to provide a morphologic basis for atrial conduction and potential substrates of arrhythmias. The right atrium, dominated by its appendage, is characterized by having an extensive array of pectinate muscles. These extend almost perpendicularly from the terminal crest. The left atrium has relatively smooth walls and a small tubular‐shaped appendage. The myofibers show changes in orientations when traced through the thickness of the walls. Extensions of atrial myocardium onto the pulmonary veins and the superior caval vein are common. Apart from Bachmann's bundle, there are other muscular bridges of variable numbers and sizes that provide interatrial connections, connections between the left atrium and the coronary sinus, and connections between the muscular sleeves of the right pulmonary veins and the right atrium. The purpose of this review is to summarize the three‐dimensional arrangement of gross atrial structures, the myoarchitecture and variations in muscular interatrial connections. These are important features in intra‐ and interatrial conduction. Clin. Anat. 22:52–63, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Junction between the great cerebral vein and the straight sinus: An anatomical, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural study on 25 human brain cadaveric dissections
Authors: Dagain A. , Vignes J.R. , Dulou R. , Dutertre G. , Delmas J.M. , Guerin J. , Liguoro D. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe cerebral venous system is poorly understood, and best appreciated under macroscopic anatomical considerations. We present an anatomical and immunohistochemical studies to better define the morphological characteristics of the junction between the great cerebral vein and the straight sinus. Twenty‐five cadaveric specimens from the anatomy laboratory of the University Victor Segalen of Bordeaux were studied. The observation of the venous junctions with the straight sinus was performed under an operating microscope. The smooth muscular actin immunohistochemical staining was performed for 18 veno–sinosal junctions. Five venous junctions were observed using an electron microscope. We observed 3 different anatomic aspects: type 1 was a junction with a small elevation in its floor and a posterior thickening (14 cases); type 2 was a junction with an outgrowth on the floor like a cornice (7 cases); and type 3 was a junction presenting a nodule. Microscopic study of type 1 and 2 junctions showed a positive coloration to orceine attesting the presence of elastic fibers. Immunohistochemistry revealed the presence of smooth muscular actin and S 100 protein attesting the presence of smooth muscular fibers and nervous fibers. We observed in the ultrastructural study, a morphological progression of the endothelium. The venous orifice of the great cerebral vein into the straight sinus could be anatomically assimilated as a true “sphincter.” Its function in the regulation of the cerebral blood flow needs further exploration. Clin. Anat. 21:389–397, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An evidence‐based approach to human dermatomes
Authors: Lee M.W.L. , McPhee R.W. , Stringer M.D. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe dermatome is a fundamental concept in human anatomy and of major importance in clinical practice. There are significant variations in current dermatome maps in standard anatomy texts. The aim of this study was to undertake a systematic literature review of the available evidence for the distribution of human dermatomes. Particular emphasis was placed on the technique of ascertainment, the location and extent of each dermatome, the number of subjects studied, and methodologic limitations. Our findings demonstrate that current dermatome maps are inaccurate and based on flawed studies. After selecting the best available evidence, a novel evidence‐based dermatome map was constructed. This represents the most consistent tactile dermatomal areas for each spinal dorsal nerve root found in most individuals. In addition to highlighting the orderly arrangement, areas of consistency and clinical usefulness of dermatomes, their overlap and variability deserve greater emphasis. This review demonstrates the validity of an evidence‐based approach to an anatomical concept. Clin. Anat. 21:363–373, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Magnetic resonance imaging and correlative gross anatomy of the ligamentum semicirculare humeri (rotator cable)
Authors: Kask Kristo , Kolts Ivo , Lubienski Andreas , Russlies Martin , Leibecke Thorsten , Busch Lüder C. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe purpose of this study has been to demonstrate macroscopic and MRI anatomy of the so‐called rotator cable, otherwise known as the ligamentum semicirculare humeri (LSCH) of the superior shoulder joint capsule. Twelve shoulder joints from eight cadavers were dissected; seven of which, from four of the cadavers, were studied using MR arthrography (1.5‐Tesla device Somatom Symphony®, Siemens, Erlangen, Germany) prior to dissection. The MRI protocol included T1WI, PDWI, and DESS 3D WI standard sequences. The results of MRI were compared with gross anatomic dissection findings. The macroscopically recognizable capsular bundle of LSCH fibers was identified by anatomic dissection in all specimens. On MRI, the entire ligament or parts of it could be identified in six of seven cases. It was best visualized on axial images. In the evaluation of magnetic resonance images of superior shoulder joint structures, additional knowledge on the anatomy of the LSCH can be used by the radiologist to facilitate detailed interpretation of the shoulder MRI. Clin. Anat. 21:420–426, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.