bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tropisetron modulation of the glycine receptor: femtomolar potentiation and a molecular determinant of inhibition
Authors: Yang Zhe , Ney Agnieszka , Cromer Brett A. , Ng Hooi‐Ling , Parker Michael W. , Lynch Joseph W. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe 5‐hydroxytryptamine type‐3 receptor antagonist tropisetron is in clinical use as an anti‐emetic drug. This compound also exerts both potentiating and inhibitory effects on the glycine receptor chloride channel. The inhibitory effects occur at micromolar concentrations, whereas the potentiating effects are shown here to occur at femtomolar concentrations at the homomeric α1 receptor. Potentiation occurred only when tropisetron was applied in the presence of glycine. We also sought to identify molecular determinants of tropisetron inhibition at the α1 glycine receptor by serially mutating residues located in or near known ligand‐binding sites. We discovered that conservative mutations to N102 ablated tropisetron inhibition without affecting the magnitude or sensitivity of tropisetron potentiation. Several lines of evidence, including a structure‐activity analysis of tropisetron, atropine and SB203186, suggest that N102 may bind to the tropisetron tropane nitrogenviaH‐bonding. Mutation of the N125 residue in the β subunit, which corresponds to N102 in the α1 subunit, had little effect on tropisetron inhibitory potency. These results show that N102 is required for tropisetron inhibition but not potentiation and that inhibitory tropisetron binds in different orientations at different subunit interfaces. To our knowledge, tropisetron is the most exquisitely sensitive modulator yet identified for a cys‐loop receptor.
CCR7, CCR8, CCR9 and CCR10 in the mouse hippocampal CA1 area and the dentate gyrus during and after pilocarpine‐induced status epilepticus
Authors: Liu Jian Xin , Cao Xia , Tang Yong Cheng , Liu Yong , Tang Feng Ru 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe present study showed CCR7, CCR8, CCR9 and CCR10 in the normal Swiss mouse hippocampus at both protein and mRNA levels. CCR7, CCR9 and CCR10 were mainly localized in hippocampal principal cells and some interneurons. CCR9 was also found in the mossy fibres and/or terminals, suggesting an axonal or presynaptic localization, and CCR10 in apical dendrites of pyramidal neurons in the CA1 area. CCR8 was observed in interneurons. Double‐labelling immunocytochemistry revealed that most of calbindin (CB)‐, calretinin (CR)‐ and parvalbumin (PV)‐immunopositive neurons expressed CCR7–10, except CR‐immunopositive cells in which only 10 to 12% expressed CCR8. During and after pilocarpine‐induced status epilepticus, progressive changes of each of CCR7, CCR8, CCR9 and CCR10 proteins occurred in different patterns at various time points. Sensitive real‐time PCR showed similar change patterns at mRNA level. At the chronic stage, i.e. at 2 months after pilocarpine‐induced status epilepticus, significant reduction of CCR7–10 expression in CB‐, CR‐ and PV‐immunpositive interneurons may suggest the phenotype change of surviving interneurons. Double labelling of CCR7, CCR8 and CCR9 with glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) at the chronic stage may suggest an induced expression in reactive astrocytes. The present study may, therefore, for the first time, provide evidence that CCR7–10 may be involved in normal hippocampal activity. The demonstration of the progressive changes of CCR7–10 during and after status epilepticus may open a new area to reveal the mechanism of neuronal loss after status epilepticus and of epileptogenesis.
Differential coupling of α7 and non‐α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors to calcium‐induced calcium release and voltage‐operated calcium channels in PC12 cells
Authors: Dickinson Jane A. , Hanrott Katharine E. , Mok M. H. Selina , Kew James N. C. , Wonnacott Susan 
Published: December 2006

AbstractNeuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are ligand‐gated cation channels that can modulate various neuronal processes by altering intracellular Ca2+levels. Following nAChR stimulation Ca2+can enter cells either directly, through the intrinsic ion channel, or indirectly following voltage‐operated Ca2+channel (VOCC) activation; Ca2+levels can subsequently be amplified via Ca2+‐induced Ca2+release from intracellular stores. We have used subtype‐selective nAChR agonists to investigate the Ca2+sources contributing to α7 and non‐α7 nAChR‐mediated increases in intracellular Ca2+in PC12 cells. Application of the α7 nAChR positive allosteric modulator PNU 120596 (10 μm), in conjunction with the α7 nAChR agonist, compound A [(R)‐N‐(1‐azabicyclo[2.2.2]oct‐3‐yl)(5‐(2‐pyridyl)thiophene‐2‐carboxamide), 10 nm], produces a rapid increase in fluo‐3 fluorescence that is prevented by the selective α7 nAChR antagonist α‐bungarotoxin. The non‐α7 nAChR agonist 5‐Iodo‐A‐85380 produces α‐bungarotoxin‐insensitive increases in intracellular Ca2+(EC50 = 11.2 μm). Using these selective agonists or KCl in conjunction with general and selective VOCC inhibitors, we demonstrate that the primary route of Ca2+entry following either non‐α7 nAChR activation or KCl stimulation is via L‐type VOCCs. In contrast, the α7 nAChR‐mediated response is unaffected by VOCC blockers but is inhibited by modulators of intracellular Ca2+stores. These results indicate that α7 and non‐α7 nAChRs are differentially coupled to Ca2+‐induced Ca2+release and VOCCs, respectively.
Fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 kinase domain mutation increases cortical progenitor proliferation via mitogen‐activated protein kinase activation
Authors: Thomson Rachel E. , Pellicano Francesca , Iwata Tomoko 
Published: December 2006

AbstractWe have previously shown that mice carrying the K644E kinase domain mutation in fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (Fgfr3) (EIIa;Fgfr3+/K644E) have enlarged brains with increased proliferation and decreased apoptosis of the cortical progenitors. Despite its unique rostral‐low caudal‐high gradient expression in the cortex, how Fgfr3 temporally and spatially influences progenitor proliferation is unknown. In vivo BrdU labelling now showed that progenitor proliferation was 10–46% higher in the EIIa;Fgfr3+/K644E cortex compared with wild type during embryonic day 11.5 (E11.5)–E13.5. The difference in proliferation between the EIIa;Fgfr3+/K644E and wild‐type cortices was the greatest in the caudal cortex at E12.5 and E13.5. Inhibition of mitogen‐activated or extracellular signal‐regulated protein kinase (MEK) in vitro at E11.5 reduced the proliferation rate of the EIIa;Fgfr3+/K644E cortical progenitors to similar levels observed in the wild type, indicating that the majority of the increase in cell proliferation caused by the Fgfr3 mutation is mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway‐dependent at this stage. In addition, elevated levels of Sprouty were observed in the EIIa;Fgfr3+/K644E telencephalon at E14.5, indicating the presence of negative feedback that may have suppressed further MAPK activation. We suggest that temporal activation of MAPK is largely responsible for cell proliferation caused by the Fgfr3 mutation during early stages of cortical development.
Characterization of wild‐type and mutant forms of human tryptophan hydroxylase 2
Authors: Winge Ingeborg , McKinney Jeffrey A. , Knappskog Per M. , Haavik Jan 
Published: December 2006

AbstractTryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) catalyses the rate‐limiting step in the biosynthesis of serotonin. In vertebrates, the homologous genes tph1 and tph2 encode two different enzymes with distinct patterns of expression, enzyme kinetics and regulation. Variants of TPH2 have recently reported to be associated with reduced serotonin production and behavioural alterations in man and mice. We have produced the human forms of these enzymes in Esherichia coli and in human embryonic kidney cell lines (HEK293) and examined the effects of mutations on their heterologous expression levels, solubility, thermal stability, secondary structure, and catalytic properties. Pure human TPH2 P449R (corresponds to mouse P447R) had comparable catalytic activity (Vmax) and solubility relative to the wild type, but had decreased thermal stability; whereas human TPH2 R441H had decreased activity, solubility and stability. Thus, we consider the variations in kinetic values between wild‐type and TPH2 mutants to be of secondary importance to their effects on protein stability and solubility. These findings provide potential molecular explanations for disorders related to the central serotonergic system, such as depression or suicidal behaviour.
Isolation and characterization of polymorphic microsatellite loci in the razor clam Ensis siliqua
Authors: VARELA M. A. , GONZÁLEZ‐TIZÓN A. , FRANCISCO‐CANDEIRA M. , MARTÍNEZ‐LAGE A. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractFive polymorphic microsatellite loci in the razor clam Ensis siliqua are described. A collection consisting of 34 individuals from Finisterre, Spain, was analysed. Loci were isolated from the sequences of intersimple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. Detailed analysis of 42 ISSR markers led to the design of 16 primer pairs. Five of these yielded consistent and polymorphic products. The number of alleles ranged from five to 23 per locus with the observed heterozygosity ranging from 0.46 to 0.94. Linkage equilibrium was observed in all loci and three of them showed significant deviations from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium.
Cross‐amplification of 10 new isolated polymorphic microsatellite loci for red mullet (Mullus barbatus) in striped red mullet (Mullus surmuletus)
Authors: GALARZA J. A. , TURNER G. F. , MACPHERSON E. , CARRERAS‐CARBONELL J. , RICO C. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractTen polymorphic dinucleotide microsatellite loci were isolated and characterized for the red mullet (Mullus barbatus). Allele variability was tested on both the red mullet and its congener the striped red mullet (Mullus surmuletus). Characterization of 30 individuals of both species from the western Mediterranean showed moderate to high allelic diversity ranging from two to 26 alleles per locus (mean 10.9). Three loci showed departures from Hardy–Weinberg proportions. No evidence of significant association between genotypes at pairs of loci was observed. These polymorphic loci could be suitable for population genetic assessments of both species.
Characterization of microsatellite loci in Cacopsylla melanoneura Förster (Homoptera: Psyllidae)
Authors: MALAGNINI VALERIA , PEDRAZZOLI FEDERICO , FORNO FLAVIA , KOMJANC MATTEO , IORIATTI CLAUDIO 
Published: December 2006

Abstract Cacopsylla melanoneura is one of the main vectors of ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma mali’. We developed and described 10 microsatellite markers. Forty‐five psyllids from one population were analysed. The number of alleles ranged from six to 24 and the observed heterozygosity from 0.42 to 0.84. These markers will be useful tools for population genetic studies on C. melanoneura.
Identification and characterization of 10 polymorphic microsatellite loci in the German cockroach, Blattella germanica
Authors: BOOTH W. , BOGDANOWICZ S. M. , PRODÖHL P. A. , HARRISON R. G. , SCHAL C. , VARGO E. L. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractPrimer sequences and initial characterization are presented for 10 microsatellite loci isolated from the German cockroach, Blattella germanica. In a sample of 30 individuals from a single population sample, all loci were polymorphic with two to 12 alleles segregating per locus and levels of observed heterozygosity ranging from 0.27 to 0.92. One locus showed a deficit of heterozygotes. Experimental conditions are described for polymerase chain reaction multiplexing, which enables the genotyping of eight loci in three electrophoretic runs consisting of one set of three and two sets of two markers. Seven primer sets cross‐amplify in the related Blattella asahinai.
Isolation and characterization of nine polymorphic microsatellite markers in the two‐banded sea bream (Diplodus vulgaris) and cross‐species amplification in the white sea bream (Diplodus sargus) and the saddled bream (Oblada melanura)
Authors: ROQUES S. , GALARZA J. A. , MACPHERSON E. , TURNER G. F. , RICO C. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractWe have developed nine new microsatellite markers for the two‐banded sea bream (Diplodus vulgaris) from an enriched genome library protocol. All these loci are polymorphic, with mean allelic diversity of 13 (range 5 –21), and expected and observed heterozygosities from 0.641 to 0.932 and 0.428 to 0.914, respectively. Cross‐species tests in two close‐related species of the genus Diplodus (D. sargus and O. melanura) revealed successful amplifications at 8 out of 9 loci, with mean allele number of 4.75 (range 2–8) and 5.50 (range 3 –10), respectively. These results are consistent with the close phylogenetic relationships between the three species, indicating this set of primers might prove useful for studying the levels of genetic diversity and population differentiation in these three species and in other phylogenetically close species of the genus Diplodus and Sparus.
Development of sequence‐tagged microsatellites for the barley net blotch pathogen, Pyrenophora teres
Authors: KEIPER FELICITY J. , CAPIO ESTER , GRCIC MILICA , WALLWORK HUGH 
Published: December 2006

AbstractA modified sequenced‐tagged microsatellite (STM) profiling procedure was used to develop 80 STMs for the barley net blotch pathogen, Pyrenophora teres. Of these, 60 STMs amplified 67 loci in one or both of the spot (P. teres f. maculata) and net (P. teres f. teres) forms of the pathogen. When screened on six field‐sampled isolates of each pathogen form, 25 STMs revealed 26 polymorphic loci, with an average of 3.2 ± 1.0 alleles and mean gene diversity of 0.59 ± 0.12.
Isolation and characterization of polymorphic microsatellite loci from Brandt's voles (Lasiopodomys brandtii)
Authors: WANG DENG , SHI DAZHAO 
Published: December 2006

AbstractTen polymorphic microsatellite loci from Lasiopodomys brandtii have been isolated and characterized. Two to 11 alleles per locus were detected from 52 Brandt's voles samples collected from a single population. Expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.406 to 0.840. For the majority of loci observed heterozygosities were similar to or greater than the expected heterozygosity. One locus pair appeared to be in linkage disequilibrium. The microsatellite markers will enable the studies of genetic diversity, population structure and relatedness in this species, and perhaps in closely related species of vole.
Analysis of archaeal core ether lipids using Time of Flight–Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (ToF‐SIMS): Exploring a new prospect for the study of biomarkers in geobiology
Authors: THIEL V. , TOPORSKI J. , SCHUMANN G. , SJÖVALL P. , LAUSMAA J. 
Published: December 2006

ABSTRACTThe capability of Time of Flight–Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (ToF‐SIMS) of analysing molecular archaeal biomarkers in geobiological samples was tested and demonstrated. Using a bismuth cluster primary ion source, isopranyl glycerol di‐ and tetraether core lipids were detected in small amounts of total organic extracts from methanotrophic microbial mats, simultaneously and without further chemical treatment and chromatographic separation. ToF‐SIMS was also employed to track the distribution of fossilized ether lipids in a massive carbonate (aragonite) microbialite that precipitated as a result of the microbial anaerobic oxidation of methane. An unambiguous signal was obtained when analysing a freshly broken rock surface (base of a microdrill core). Though some limitation occurred due to µm‐topographical effects (sample roughness), it was possible to display the abundance of high molecular weight (C86) of tetraethers exposed in particular regions of the rock surface. ‘Molecular mapping’ revealed that a part of these molecules was encased within the rock fabric in a cluster‐like distribution that might trace the arrangement of the calcifying microbial colonies in the once active mat system. The results reveal promising perspectives of ToF‐SIMS for (i) the quasi‐nondestructive analysis of lipids in extremely small geobiological samples at low concentrations; (ii) resolving the spatial distribution of these compounds on a µm2‐ to cm2‐scale; and (iii) the more exact assignment of lipid biomarkers to their biological source.
Carbon‐isotopic analysis of microbial cells sorted by flow cytometry
Authors: EEK K. M. , SESSIONS A. L. , LIES D. P. 
Published: December 2006

ABSTRACTOne of the outstanding current problems in both geobiology and environmental microbiology is the quantitative analysis of in situ microbial metabolic activities. Techniques capable of such analysis would have wide application, from quantifying natural rates of biogeochemical cycling to identifying the metabolic activity of uncultured organisms. We describe here a method that represents one step towards that goal, namely the high‐precision measurement of 13C in specific populations of microbial cells that are purified by fluorescence‐activated cell sorting (FACS). Sorted cells are concentrated on a Teflon membrane filter, and their 13C content is measured by coupling an isotope ratio mass spectrometer (IRMS) with a home‐built spooling wire microcombustion (SWiM) apparatus. The combined instrumentation provides measurements of δ13C in whole cells with precision better than 0.2‰ for samples containing as little as 25 ng of carbon. When losses associated with sample handling are taken into account, isotopic analyses require sorting roughly 104 eukaryotic or 107 bacterial cells per sample. Coupled with 13C‐labelled substrate additions, this approach has the potential to directly quantify uptake of metabolites in specific populations of sorted cells. The high precision afforded by SWiM‐IRMS also permits useful studies of natural abundance variations in 13C. The approach is equally applicable to specific populations of cells sorted from multicellular organisms.
The functional costs and benefits of dietary restriction in Drosophila
Authors: Burger Joep M. S. , Hwangbo Dae Sung , Corby‐Harris Vanessa , Promislow Daniel E. L. 
Published: December 2006

SummaryDietary restriction (DR) extends lifespan in an impressively wide array of species spanning three eukaryotic kingdoms. In sharp contrast, relatively little is known about the effects of DR on functional senescence, with most of the work having been done on mice and rats. Here we used Drosophila melanogaster to test the assumption that lifespan extension through DR slows down age‐related functional deterioration. Adult virgin females were kept on one of three diets, with sucrose and yeast concentrations ranging from 7% to 11% to 16% (w/v). Besides age‐specific survival and fecundity, we measured starvation resistance, oxidative stress resistance, immunity, and cold‐stress resilience at ages 1, 3, 5, and 7 weeks. We confirmed that DR extends lifespan: median lifespans ranged from 38 days (16% diet) to 46 days (11% diet) to 54 days (7% diet). We also confirmed that DR reduces fecundity, although the shortest‐lived flies only had the highest fecundity when males were infrequently available. The most striking result was that DR initially increased starvation resistance, but strongly decreased starvation resistance later in life. Generally, the effects of DR varied across traits and were age dependent. We conclude that DR does not universally slow down functional deterioration in Drosophila. The effects of DR on physiological function might not be as evolutionarily conserved as its effect on lifespan. Given the age‐specific effects of DR on functional state, imposing DR late in life might not provide the same functional benefits as when applied at early ages.
When similars do not attract: Tests of a prediction from the self‐expansion model
Authors: ARON ARTHUR , STEELE JODIE L , KASHDAN TODD B , PEREZ MAX 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThis study tested the hypothesis from the self‐expansion model that the usual effect of greater attraction to a similar (vs. dissimilar) stranger will be reduced or reversed when a person is given information that a relationship would be likely to develop (i.e., that they would be very likely to get along) with the other person. The study employed the “bogus stranger” paradigm and focused on similarity/dissimilarity of interests in the context of attraction to a same‐gender other. The effect for similarity under conditions in which no information is given about relationship likelihood replicated the usual pattern of greater attraction to similars. However, as predicted, a significant similarity by information interaction demonstrated that this effect was significantly reduced (and slightly reversed) when participants had been given information that the partner will like self. In analyses for each gender separately, both of these effects were significant only for men, suggesting that the focus on interest similarity may have been less relevant for women.
Marital closeness, autonomy, mastery, and depressive symptoms in a U.S. Internet sample
Authors: TOWER RONI B. , KRASNER MIREL 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThis Internet survey tests a theory that meeting needs through marital closeness (naming spouse confidant and emotional support; perceiving oneself to be named both by the spouse; and sexual satisfaction), autonomy, and mastery protects against depressive symptoms. The U.S. sample includes 1,163 relatively wealthy and educated married respondents aged 19–84 years. The regression model, controlling for sociodemographic factors, social integration, self‐rated health, and gender interactions, explained more than half the variability in respondents’ depressive symptoms. Regardless of age, wives who were closer to their husbands were less depressed than those who were less close. Older husbands were less depressed than younger ones. Marital closeness was protective for husbands at all ages with its absence particularly problematic at younger ages.
“I can’t get no satisfaction”: Insecure attachment, inhibited sexual communication, and sexual dissatisfaction
Authors: DAVIS DEBORAH , SHAVER PHILLIP R. , WIDAMAN KEITH F. , VERNON MICHAEL L. , FOLLETTE WILLIAM C. , BEITZ KENDRA 
Published: December 2006

AbstractAn Internet survey was conducted to extend the investigation of attachment style to the domains of sexual communication and sexual satisfaction. We hypothesized that insecure attachment would be associated with sexual dissatisfaction, mediated by inhibited communication of sexual needs. Further, the association of attachment with inhibited communication was expected to be mediated by attachment‐related tendencies toward deference to partners’ needs, concern with the relationship implications of sexual choices, general anxiety regarding sex, and feelings for one’s partner. Somewhat different mediational pathways were predicted for each of the 2 dimensions of attachment insecurity: anxiety and avoidance. Respondents (N= 1,989, around half of them involved in a sexual relationship at the time of the study and half not involved but with previous sexual relationship experience) completed measures of attachment‐related anxiety and avoidance, neuroticism (a possible confound), and sexual communication and satisfaction. Results generally supported the hypotheses and provided additional evidence regarding the associations between attachment style, sexual communication, and sexual satisfaction.