bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A prospective, single‐blind, randomized crossover trial of sacral vs pudendal nerve stimulation for interstitial cystitis
Authors: Peters Kenneth M. , Feber Kevin M. , Bennett Richard C. 
Published: August 2007

OBJECTIVETo compare sacral nerve stimulation (SNS) with pudendal nerve stimulation (PNS) for interstitial cystitis (IC).PATIENTS AND METHODSTwenty‐two patients with well‐documented, refractory IC had a tined lead placed at S3 and a second electrode implanted at the pudendal nerve via a posterior approach. In a blinded, randomized design, each lead was tested for 7 days. The best lead was implanted to a pulse generator and patients were followed at 1, 3 and 6 months.RESULTSThe time required to place a sacral lead was 27.4 min, and a pudendal lead 19.6 min (P = 0.039). Of the 22 patients, 17 (77%) responded and had a permanent implant placed. PNS was chosen as the better lead in 77% and SNS in 24%. The order in which the lead was stimulated had no effect on the final lead implanted and there was no ‘carry‐over’ effect. The overall reduction in symptoms was 59% for PNS and 44% for SNS (P = 0.05). At 6 months after implantation, voids improved by 41% (PNS) and 33% (SNS), and mean voided volume increased 95% and 21%, respectively; validated IC questionnaires improved markedly and complications were minimal.CONCLUSIONSThis is the first ‘blinded’ study of SNS vs PNS for IC. A pudendal lead was implanted successfully in all patients, and most chose PNS as better than SNS; the improvement was sustained over time.
Inhibitory roles of peripheral nitrergic mechanisms in capsaicin‐induced detrusor overactivity in the rat
Authors: Masuda Hitoshi , Kim Jang H. , Kihara Kazunori , Chancellor Michael B. , De Groat William C. , Yoshimura Naoki 
Published: August 2007

OBJECTIVESTo investigate the peripheral role of nitric oxide (NO) in capsaicin‐induced detrusor overactivity (DO), as exogenously applied vanilloids can evoke NO release in urothelial cells but its functional role has not yet been reported.MATERIALS AND METHODSThe effects of NG‐nitro‐l‐arginine methyl ester (L‐NAME), an inhibitor of NO synthase (NOS), on bladder activity during intravesical capsaicin (30 µm) instillation were examined by using continuous infusion cystometry in urethane‐anaesthetized rats. L‐NAME was administered intravenously (i.v., 20 mg/kg), intrathecally (i.t., 270 µg/rat), intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v., 270 µg/rat) or intravesically (10 mg/mL) before or during capsaicin instillation.RESULTSDuring cystometry with intravesical saline infusion, L‐NAME injected i.v., i.t. and i.c.v., but not intravesically, significantly increased the intercontraction intervals (ICI) and L‐NAME injected i.v., but not i.t., i.c.v. or intravesically, increased the maximum voiding pressure (MVP) without affecting the baseline pressure. Capsaicin instillation induced DO evidenced by a significant reduction in the ICI. L‐NAME administered i.v. further decreased the ICI and increased the MVP and the baseline pressure during capsaicin instillation. Co‐intravesical application of capsaicin and L‐NAME also similarly enhanced capsaicin‐induced DO. However, L‐NAME injected i.t. or i.c.v. had no effect on capsaicin‐induced DO. The excitatory effects of i.v and intravesical L‐NAME on the ICI, MVP and baseline pressure during capsaicin infusion were significantly suppressed by desensitization of C‐fibre afferent pathways by capsaicin pretreatment (125 mg/kg s.c., 4 days before cystometry).CONCLUSIONThese results indicate that locally released NO can suppress DO induced by capsaicin‐mediated C‐fibre activation and that central NO pathways are not involved in capsaicin‐induced DO.
Effect of the abnormal bladder when full on upper tract drainage using a combined cystometrogram‐99mTc‐mercapto‐acetyltriglycine renogram: a prospective study
Authors: Hoh Ivan M.Y. , Bomanji Jamshed B. , Nagabhushan Nagesh , Chu Andrew , Ell Peter J. , Neild Guy H. , Woodhouse Christopher R.J. 
Published: August 2007

Authors from the UK present a prospective study into the effect of the full abnormal bladder on upper tract drainage, using a combined cystometrography procedure.A new transportable ESWL machine for managing urinary stones is presented by authors from Italy, and its use in 233 patients is described. Its merits and demerits are outlined.OBJECTIVETo examine the relevance of bladder volume in patients with chronic hydronephrosis and abnormal bladder function who lose renal function even though the bladder or reservoir pressure is normal (<40 cmH20).PATIENTS AND METHODSIn all, 20 patients (16 male; age range 17–67 years) were studied prospectively; 12 had a reconstructed bladder. All had progressive loss of renal function with a glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of >15 mL/min. The study was in three parts: a baseline 99mTc‐mercapto‐acetyltriglycine (MAG3) scan was performed with an empty bladder, then a combined full bladder cystometrogram (CMG) with 99mTc‐MAG3 study was done supine, and finally repeated in the sitting position. The pressure and volume changes together with the 99mTc‐MAG3 scintigraphic variables with and without a full bladder were compared.RESULTSOf the 17 patients with normotensive bladders, 13 (77%) had functional obstruction of the kidneys with a full bladder. In seven this was threshold dependent and occurred at a total mean (range) bladder volume of 348 (135–720) mL for both positions. In the other six patients there was minimal drainage of isotope from the kidneys even with the bladder empty. When the sitting position was compared with supine, gravity was more important for upper tract drainage in the reconstructed bladders. In five patients the detrusor pressure at which drainage began was close to zero.CONCLUSIONSIn 13 of 17 patients (77%) the kidneys failed to drain with a full bladder despite ‘normal’ detrusor pressures. It remains to be seen whether bladder emptying designed to keep the urine volume below the obstructing threshold volume will prevent further loss of renal function.
Robotic abdominal sacrocolpopexy/sacrouteropexy repair of advanced female pelvic organ prolaspe (POP): utilizing POP‐quantification‐based staging and outcomes
Authors: Daneshgari Firouz , Kefer John C. , Moore Courtenay , Kaouk Jihad 
Published: August 2007

Associate EditorAsh TewariEditorial BoardRalph Clayman, USAInderbir Gill, USARoger Kirby, UKMani Menon, USAOBJECTIVESTo assess the management of advanced pelvic organ prolapse (POP) with robotic‐assisted abdominal sacrocolpopexy (RASC) and evaluate outcomes using the POP quantification scale (POP‐Q).PATIENTS AND METHODSWomen with symptomatic stages III and IV POP were evaluated at our institution. After complete clinical assessment, including POP‐Q‐based physical examination and urodynamic studies, the patients underwent RASC with or without anti‐incontinence surgery in the presence (sacrouteropexy) or absence of uterus (sacrocolpopexy). Follow‐up examinations at 3 and 6 months included a POP‐Q‐based examination.RESULTSFifteen women were consented for RASC; 12 underwent successful RASC, one required conversion to laparoscopic ASC, one to open ASC, and one to transvaginal repair. The mean (range) patient age was 64 (50–79) years. Before surgery, the mean POP‐Q stage was 3.1 (3–4) and the POP‐Q values for the anterior (Aa, Ba), posterior (Ap, Bp) and apex (C) of the vagina were: Aa − 0.9, Ba + 1.0, Ap − 1.0, Bp + 1.3, and C +2.1. After surgery, the mean POP‐Q stage was 0 and the POP‐Q values had improved to Aa − 2.29, Ba − 2.29, Ap − 2.65, Bp − 2.65, and C − 8.28. The mean (range) estimated blood loss during surgery was 81 (50–150) mL. The mean hospital stay was 2.4 (1–7) days. Seven patients had concurrent placement of a mid‐urethral sling and one patient had a concurrent Burch colposuspension.CONCLUSIONSThese early results show that RASC is safe and efficacious, and that its anatomical outcomes compare favourably to the reported results for open or laparoscopic ASC.
Effect of age on the response to short‐term partial bladder outlet obstruction in the rabbit
Authors: Guven Ahmet , Mannikarottu Anita , Whitbeck Catherine , Chichester Paul , Leggett Robert E. , Kogan Barry A. , Levin Robert M. 
Published: August 2007

OBJECTIVETo compare the physiological and structural changes after short‐term partial bladder outlet obstruction (PBOO) in young and old rabbits, as PBOO results in marked contractile and histological alterations in the bladder.MATERIALS AND METHODSIn all, 20 young (7–8‐week‐old) and 20 old (2 years old) male rabbits were divided into four subgroups of five each (four obstructed and one sham control rabbit). The rabbits in the groups were evaluated after 1, 3, 7 and 14 days of PBOO, respectively. At the end of the respective periods, cystometry and contractile responses to field stimulation (FS), ATP, carbachol and potassium chloride were determined. Full‐thickness sections of the bladder body and base were used to determine the vascular density, nerve density and smooth muscle/collagen ratios.RESULTSThe bladder weight of young rabbits increased at 1–7 days of PBOO and returned toward control levels at 14 days of PBOO, while in old rabbits it was higher than the control during the entire experiment. For the young rabbits, the responses to field stimulation decreased progressively for 1, 3 and 7 days, and increased significantly at 14 days. For old rabbits there was a progressive decrease to a minimal response by 3 days of PBOO and the response remained at this level over 14 days. The contractile response to ATP, carbachol and KCl were similar to the responses to FS. The vascular density in both groups increased to a maximum at 7 days and then decreased toward control values at 14 days. For the young rabbits, nerve density decreased more than in old rabbits. In the old group, the smooth muscle/collagen ratio was increased throughout PBOO and was higher than in young rabbits. The connective tissue compartment was markedly greater than in the young rabbits and the basal mucosa had vacuoles which were not apparent in the young bladders.CONCLUSIONSThis study shows that the adaptive changes to PBOO are faster in young rabbit bladders than in older rabbits.
Unclassified renal cell carcinoma: an analysis of 85 cases
Authors: Karakiewicz Pierre I. , Hutterer Georg C. , Trinh Quoc‐Dien , Pantuck Allan J. , Klatte Tobias , Lam John S. , Guille Francois , De La Taille Alexandre , Novara Giacomo , Tostain Jacques , Cindolo Luca , Ficarra Vincenzo , Schips Luigi , Zigeuner Richard , Mulders Peter F. , Chautard Denis , Lechevallier Eric , Valeri Antoine , Descotes Jean‐Luc , Lang Herve , Soulie Michel , Ferriere Jean‐Marie , Pfister Christian , Mejean Arnaud , Belldegrun Arie S. , Patard Jean‐Jacques 
Published: August 2007

OBJECTIVESTo compare cancer‐specific mortality in patients with unclassified renal cell carcinoma (URCC) vs clear cell RCC (CRCC) after nephrectomy, as URCC is a rare but very aggressive histological subtype.PATIENTS AND METHODSEighty‐five patients with URCC and 4322 with CRCC were identified within 6530 patients treated with either radical or partial nephrectomy at 18 institutions. Of 85 patients with URCC, 55 were matched with 166 of 4322 for grade, tumour size, and Tumour, Node and Metastasis stages. Kaplan‐Meier and life‐table analyses were used to address RCC‐specific survival. Subsequently, multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to test for differences in RCC‐specific survival in unmatched samples.RESULTSOf patients with URCC, 80% had Fuhrman grades III or IV, vs 37.8% for CRCC. Moreover, 36.5% of patients with URCC had pathologically confirmed nodal metastases, vs 8.6% with CRCC. Finally, 54.1% of patients with URCC had distant metastases at the time of nephrectomy, vs 16.8% with CRCC. Despite these differences in the overall analyses, after matching for tumour characteristics, the URCC‐specific mortality rate was 1.6 times higher (P = 0.04) in matched analyses and 1.7 times higher (P = 0.001) in multivariate analyses.CONCLUSIONSThese findings indicate that URCC presents with a higher stage and grade, and even after controlling for the stage and grade differences, predisposes patients to 1.6–1.7 times the mortality of CRCC.
Cryoablation of small renal masses: assessment of the outcome at one institution
Authors: Bandi Gaurav , Wen Charles C. , Hedican Sean P. , Moon Timothy D. , Lee Fred T. , Nakada Stephen Y. 
Published: August 2007

OBJECTIVETo report our 5‐year experience with laparoscopic and percutaneous cryoablation (LCA and PCA) for managing small renal masses.PATIENTS AND METHODSWe retrospectively analysed patients undergoing LCA and PCA between October 2000 and March 2006 at our institution. After approval from the Institutional Review Board, charts were reviewed retrospectively for variables during and after CA, and for clinical outcomes, the latter including the efficacy of the procedure in achieving overall, cancer‐specific and recurrence‐free survival.RESULTSIn all, 78 patients had CA of 88 small renal masses, by LCA in 58 and PCA in 20. The median American Society of Anesthesiology score was 3 and the mean body mass index was 30 kg/m2. All procedures were done under general anaesthesia, with a mean anaesthesia time of 220 min. The mean tumour size was 2.6 cm and the mean hospital stay was 2.1 days. At a mean follow‐up of 19 months, the overall, cancer‐specific and recurrence‐free survival rates were 88.5%, 100% and 98.7%, respectively. Four patients required a repeat treatment due to persistent disease and one had progression to locally advanced disease. Five patients had complications during CA and seven had complications afterward.CONCLUSIONThis study suggests that CA is a safe, minimally invasive treatment option for patients with small renal masses, at the intermediate‐term follow‐up.
A pilot study on the early use of the vacuum erection device after radical retropubic prostatectomy
Authors: Köhler Tobias S. , Pedro Renato , Hendlin Kari , Utz William , Ugarte Roland , Reddy Pratap , Makhlouf Antoine , Ryndin Igor , Canales Benjamin K. , Weiland Derek , Nakib Nissrine , Ramani Anup , Anderson J. Kyle , Monga Manoj 
Published: August 2007

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effect of the early use of the vacuum erection device (VED) on erectile dysfunction (ED) and penile shortening after radical retropubic prostatectomy (RP), as these are important concerns for men choosing among treatment alternatives for localized prostate cancer.PATIENTS AND METHODSTwenty‐eight men undergoing RP were randomized to early intervention (1 month after RP, group 1) or a control group (6 months after RP, group 2) using a traditional VED protocol. An International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) score of >11 (no, mild or mild to moderate ED) was required as a baseline criterion for inclusion in the study. Only patients in whom unilateral or bilateral nerves were spared were subsequently randomized. Patients in group 1 followed a daily rehabilitation protocol consisting of 10 min/day using the VED with no constriction ring, for 5 months. Patients were evaluated with the IIEF‐5 questionnaire and measurements of penile flaccid length, stretched length, prepubic fat pad, and midshaft circumference before and at 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months after RP; the mean (range) last follow‐up visit was 9.5 (6–12) months after RP.RESULTSThe mean (sd) baseline IIEF scores were similar in groups 1 and 2, at 21.1 (4.6) and 22.3 (3.3), respectively (P = 0.54). The IIEF scores were significantly higher in group 1 than group 2 at 3 months, at 11.5 (9.4) vs 1.8 (1.4) (P = 0.008) and at 6 months, at 12.4 (8.7) vs 3.0 (1.9) (P = 0.012) after RP. There were no significant changes in penile flaccid length, prepubic fat pad, or mid‐shaft circumference in either group. Stretched penile length was significantly decreased at both 3 and 6 months, by ≈ 2 cm (P = 0.013) in group 2. By contrast, stretched penile length was preserved in group 1 at all sample times. At the last follow‐up, the proportion of men with a mean loss of penile length of ≥ 2 cm was significantly lower in group 1 than group 2 (two/17, 12%, vs five/11, P = 0.044).CONCLUSIONSInitiating the use of a VED protocol at 1 month after RP improves early sexual function and helps to preserve penile length.
A randomized double‐blind placebo‐controlled multicentre study to explore the efficacy and safety of tamsulosin and tolterodine in women with overactive bladder syndrome
Authors: Robinson Dudley , Cardozo Linda , Terpstra Gerben , Bolodeoku John ,   the Tamsulosin Study Group
Published: August 2007

OBJECTIVESTo evaluate the efficacy of tamsulosin oral‐controlled absorption system (OCAS) vs placebo in overactive bladder (OAB), to evaluate the safety and tolerability of once‐daily dosing with tamsulosin OCAS, and to compare the efficacy and safety with tolterodine extended‐release (ER).PATIENTS AND METHODSA parallel‐group, multicentre, multinational study was conducted with a single‐blind placebo run‐in period of 2 weeks, followed by a randomized, double‐blind, double‐dummy active and placebo‐controlled treatment period of 6 weeks; women (aged 18–70 years) with symptoms of OAB for ≥ 3 months were recruited. Women were randomized to receive one of four doses of tamsulosin OCAS (0.25, 0.5, 1.0 or 1.5 mg), 4 mg of tolterodine ER, or placebo once daily for 6 weeks. The primary efficacy variable was the change in the mean number of voids/24 h. Secondary efficacy variables included change from baseline in; mean volume voided per void, mean number of incontinence episodes/24 h, mean number of urgency episodes/24 h and in quality of life (QoL), as assessed using the Kings Health Questionnaire (KHQ).RESULTSOverall, 364 women were randomized; the primary efficacy analysis showed that the difference from placebo in the mean number of voids/24 h was not statistically significant for tamsulosin OCAS 1.5 mg (P = 0.189). There was no statistically significant difference for tolterodine ER 4 mg vs placebo in the mean number of voids/24 h (P = 0.353). Similarly, for the secondary outcome variables there was no statistically significant difference between tamsulosin and placebo. Although women taking tolterodine ER 4 mg had a consistently greater increase in mean voided volume/void and consistent decreases in incontinence episodes/24 h, urgency episodes/24 h and episodes of nocturia/24 h, this was not statistically significant. There was no significant improvement in QoL scores across the treatment groups. Tamsulosin OCAS was well tolerated and the proportion of women discontinuing because of adverse events was low (4.7%).CONCLUSIONTamsulosin is not effective for treating OAB in women and the evidence from this study does not support its use on an empirical basis.
Around the world in 10 million years: biogeography of the nearly cosmopolitan true toads (Anura: Bufonidae)
Authors: Pramuk Jennifer B. , Robertson Tasia , Sites Jack W. , Noonan Brice P. 
Published: August 2007

ABSTRACTAim  The species‐rich family of true toads (Anura: Bufonidae) has been the focus of several earlier studies investigating the biogeography of geographically widespread taxa. Herein, we employ newly developed Bayesian divergence estimate methods to investigate the biogeographical history of this group. Resulting age estimates are used to test several key temporal hypotheses including that the origin of the bufonid clade pre‐dates Gondwanan vicariance (~105 million years ago, Ma). Area cladograms are also invoked to investigate the geographical origin of the family.Location  Worldwide, except the Australia–New Guinea plate, Madagascar and the Antarctic.Methods  A phylogenetic hypothesis of the relationships among true toads was derived from analysis of 2521 bp of DNA data including fragments from three mitochondrial (12S, tRNAval, 16S) and two nuclear (RAG‐1, CXCR‐4) genes. Analysis of multiple, unlinked loci with a Bayesian method for estimating divergence times allowed us to address the timing and biogeographical history of Bufonidae. Resulting divergence estimates permitted the investigation of alternative vicariance/dispersal scenarios that have been proposed for true toads.Results  Our area cladogram resulting from phylogenetic analysis of DNA data supports a South American origin for Bufonidae. Divergence estimates indicate that the family originated earlier than had been suggested previously (78–99 Ma). The age of the enigmatic Caribbean clade was dated to the late Palaeocene–early Eocene. A return of bufonids to the New World in the Eocene was followed by rapid diversification and secondary expansion into South America by the early Oligocene (Rupelian).Main conclusions  The South American origin of Bufonidae in the Upper Cretaceous was followed by relatively rapid expansion and radiation around the globe, ending with a return to the Americas via a Eurasian/North American land bridge in the Eocene. Though the exact route of this dispersal (Beringia or North Atlantic) remains unclear, an argument is made for the less frequently invoked North Atlantic connection. The origin of the enigmatic Caribbean lineage was found to be consistent with colonization following the bolide impact at the K/T boundary. These findings provide the first, firm foundation for understanding true toad divergence times and their truly remarkable and global radiation.
Geostatistical approaches and optimal additional sampling schemes for spatial patterns and future sampling of bird diversity
Authors: Lin Yu‐Pin , Yeh Ming‐Sheng , Deng Dong‐Po , Wang Yung‐Chieh 
Published: August 2007

ABSTRACTAim  To evaluate geostatistical approaches, namely kriging, co‐kriging and geostatistical simulation, and to develop an optimal sampling design for mapping the spatial patterns of bird diversity, estimating their spatial autocorrelations and selecting additional samples of bird diversity in a 2450 km2 basin.Location  Taiwan.Methods  Kriging, co‐kriging and simulated annealing are applied to estimate and simulate the spatial patterns of bird diversity. In addition, kriging and co‐kriging with a genetic algorithm are used to optimally select further samples to improve the kriging and co‐kriging estimations. The association between bird diversity and elevation, and bird diversity and land cover, is analysed with estimated and simulated maps.Results  The Simpson index correlates spatially with the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) within the micro‐scale and the macro‐scale in the study basin, but the Shannon diversity index only correlates spatially with NDVI within the micro‐scale. Co‐kriging and simulated annealing simulation accurately simulate the statistical and spatial patterns of bird diversity. The mean estimated diversity and the simulated diversity increase with elevation and decrease with increasing urbanization. The proposed optimal sampling approach selects 43 additional sampling sites with a high spatial estimation variance in bird diversity.Main conclusions  Small‐scale variations dominate the total spatial variation of the observed diversity due to a lack of spatial information and insufficient sampling. However, simulations of bird diversity consistently capture the sampling statistics and spatial patterns of the observed bird diversity. The data thus accumulated can be used to understand the spatial patterns of bird diversity associated with different types of land cover and elevation, and to optimize sample selection. Co‐kriging combined with a genetic algorithm yields additional optimal sampling sites, which can be used to augment existing sampling points in future studies of bird diversity.
II. RECENT BOOKS ‐ LIVRES RÉCENTS ‐ NEUERSCHEINUNGEN: PUBLIC ECONOMICS THÉORIE DE L'ÉCONOMIE PUBLIQUE ÖFFENTLICHE WIRTSCHAFT
Authors: Minguet. Albert 
Published: August 2007

Olivier Tabatoni et Pierre A. Michel, L'évaluation de l'entreprise, Presses Universitaires de France, Paris, 1979, 180 pages. III. CURRENT PERIODICALS ‐ ARTICLES DE REVUES ‐ ZEITSCHRIFTENARTIKEL: LIST OF THE USED SHORTENINGS PUBLICATIONS MENTIONNÉES PAR UNE ABRÉVIATION LISTE DER ABGEKÜRZTEN ZEITSCHRIFTENTITEL