bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Two‐Dimensional Monovalent Copper Halide Coordination Polymers Incorporating Anti‐Conformation 3,3′‐Bipyridine
Authors: Johnston Lindsey L. , Ursini Andrew J. , Oien Nathan P. , Desciak Matthew P. , Rarig Randy S. , Zubieta Jon , LaDuca Robert L. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractHydrothermal treatment of aqueous mixtures of copper(II) halides and 3,3′‐bipyridine (3,3′‐bpy) has afforded the coordination polymers [CuCl(3,3′‐bpy)]n (1) and [Cu2Br2(3,3′‐bpy)]n (2), which were analyzed via single crystal X‐ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. The structure of 1 consists of two‐dimensional (2‐D) layers constructed from the linkage of castellated one‐dimensional (1‐D) [CuCl]n stepped chains through anti‐conformation 3,3′‐bpy tethers. Compound 2 presents a related 2‐D sheet motif, albeit built from infinite 1‐D [Cu2Br2]n ladders strutted by 3,3′‐bpy ligands in anti conformation. In both cases neighboring 2‐D sheets stack into 3‐D via weak C–H···halogen interactions.
Synthesis and Characterization of a Purely Inorganic Open‐framework Bimetallic Phosphite with Intersecting 12‐ and 16‐membered Ring Channels
Authors: Li Gaijuan , Xing Yan , Liu Yunling , Liu Xianchun , Xu Ning , Song Shuyan 
Published: March 2008

AbstractA new three‐dimensional open‐framework cobalt‐zinc phosphite [Co(H2O)4Zn(HPO3)2]·H2O (1), has been prepared under hydrothermal conditions and characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, XRD, IR and SQUID magnetometer. The compound crystallizes in the triclinic space group $P{\bar 1}$ with a = 7.552(5), b = 7.671(5), c = 9.443(5) Å, α = 88.538(5)°, β = 89.109(5)°, γ = 87.056(5)°, V = 546.1(6) Å3, Z = 2. The structure of 1 consists of corner‐shared (cs) four‐membered‐ring chains formed by alternating ZnO4 tetrahedra and HPO3 pseudopyramids, which are further linked through CoO2(H2O)4 octahedra giving rise to a three‐dimensional (3‐D) neutral open‐framework with intersecting 12‐ and 16‐MR channels. The synthesis of system required the presence of L‐histidine which is not incorporated into the structure of the product. It is noteworthy that compound 1 represents the only known example of purely inorganic open‐framework cobalt‐zinc phosphite.
Synthesis and Crystal Structure of Bis(tetraphenylphosphonium) Hexabromo‐diselenate(II)‐bis{dibromodiselenate(I)}, [PPh4]2[Se2Br6(Se2Br2)2], the Salt of a Mixed‐valence Bromoselenate(II,I) Anion
Authors: Janickis Vitalijus , Necas Marek 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe Red crystals of [PPh4]2[Se2Br6(Se2Br2)2] (1) were obtained when selenium and bromine reacted in the solution of acetonitrile in the presence of tetraphenylphosphonium bromide. The crystal structure of 1 has been determined by X‐ray diffraction and refined to R = 0.0201 for 4024 reflections. The crystals are triclinic, space group $\rm P{\bar 1}$ with Z = 2 and a = 11.2757(4) Å, b = 12.3347(5) Å, c = 12.4948(5) Å, α = 113.152(4)°, β = 114.745(4)°, γ = 91.208(3)° (120(2) K). In the solid state the anion of 1 is built up of the Se2Br6 core and two Se2Br2 molecules each of which is linked to one of the trans‐positioned terminal Brt atoms of the Se2Br6 core. The central Se2Br6 part consists of a nearly planar arrangement of two planar SeBr4 units sharing a common edge through two μ2‐bridging Br atoms. The contact between the Brt and the SeI atom of the Se2Br2 molecule is 3.0872(5) Å and can be interpreted as a bond of the donor‐acceptor type with the Brt as donor and the Se2Br2 molecule as acceptor. The terminal SeII–Br and μ2Br–SeII bond lengths are 2.3654(4), 2.6699(5) Å and 2.5482(5), 3.0265(5) Å, respectively. The bond lengths in the coordinated Se2Br2 molecule are: SeI–SeI = 2.2686(5) Å, SeI–Br = 2.3779(5) and 2.3810(5) Å.
Determination of the Uranium(VI) and ‐(IV) Species in Uranium Ores
Authors: Cecal Alexandru , Raileanu Marian 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe determination of the two species of uranium(VI and IV) present in 6 uranium ores was studied in relation to the chemical and mineralogical composition, humidity, and pH of the samples taken over from the mine. X‐ray diffraction studies, performed on the uranium ores in powder form allowed to establish their mineralogical composition. Thechemical analysis pointed out the presence, besides the two uranium species, of some microelements able to influence the UVI/UIV ratio in minerals and to leach out UVI as uranyl ions from the corresponding minerals.
Tantalum(IV) Iodide, TaI4: A Molecular Solid Consisting of Dimers of Dimers, Ta4I16
Authors: Meyer Gerd , Wiglusz Rafal , Pantenburg Ingo , Mudring Anja‐Verena 
Published: March 2008

AbstractAlthough incongruently melting at 398 °C, single crystals of TaI4 were obtained as a by‐product during a reaction which was designed for Rb{Pr6C2}I12. The crystal structure of TaI4 [triclinic, $\rm P{\bar 1}$ (no. 2); a = 705.9(1), b = 1062.3(2), c = 1072.3(2) pm, α = 79.55(2), β = 89.78(2)°, γ = 75.57(2)°, V = 765.1(5)106 pm3; Z = 2, R1 = 0.042 for I0 > 2σ(I0)] contains tetrameric molecules which consist of two face‐sharing dimers of TaI6 octahedra which share a common edge. The Ta‐Ta distance in the face‐sharing dimers is 297.5(1) pm and may be associated with a single bond. Theoretical calculations exhibit two degenerate HOMOs which are occupied by four electrons; two four‐center‐two‐electron bonds is, therefore, a better description of the metal‐metal bonding situation in Ta4I16.
Well‐Ordered Crystals of TaI5. The Formation of the Ternary Iodide CsTaI6
Authors: Habermehl Katja , Pantenburg Ingo , Held Peter , Meyer Gerd 
Published: March 2008

AbstractWell ordered single crystals of TaI5 (orthorhombic, Pnma (no. 62), a = 1396.2(2), b = 2009.5(4), c = 660.7(1) pm, Z = 8, R1 for 967 reflections with I0>2σ(I0): 0.0381) were obtained from a reaction of the elements. The structure determination confirms Müller's prediction of 1978. Single crystals of CsTaI6 (monoclinic, C2/c (no. 15), a = 1362.3(2), b = 709.9(1), c = 1736.2(3) pm, β = 128.77(1)°, Z = 4, R1 for 1140 reflections with I0>2σ(I0): 0.0378) were obtained by the oxidation of tantalum with CsI3. Both crystal structures contain [TaI6] octahedra which are edge‐connected to Ta2I10 dimers in TaI5 and isolated as [TaI6]− anions in the salt Cs[TaI6] (CsWCl6 type of structure).
Cs2Hg27, das quecksilberreichste Amalgam – ein naher Verwandter der Bergman‐Phasen
Authors: Hoch Constantin , Simon Arndt 
Published: March 2008

AbstractCs2Hg27, the Mercury‐richest Amalgam with Close Relationship to the Bergman PhasesBy electrolyzing a solution of cesium iodide in N,N‐dimethylformamide at 2 °C on a mercury cathode the amalgam Cs2Hg27 can be synthesized. It crystallizes in an own cubic structure type (space group $Im{\bar 3}$, a = 16.557(4) Å). The structure can be rationalized by a system of concentrical polyhedral spheres, in close analogy to the Bergman phases.
A 2‐fold Interpenetrated Framework based on Tetranuclear Heterometallic Cluster: Synthesis, Structure and Magnetic Properties
Authors: Liu Guang‐Xiang , Xu Heng , Ren Xiao‐Ming 
Published: March 2008

AbstractA 2‐fold parallel interpenetrated polymer, ZnCo(OH)(pheno)(p‐BDC)1.5·H2O (1) (pheno = phenanthrene‐9,10‐dione; p‐BDC = 1,4‐benzenedicarboxylate) has been prepared by hydrothermal synthesis and structurally characterized by IR, elemental analysis, ICP and single crystal X‐ray diffraction. Complex 1 crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pbca and affords a three‐dimensional (3D) six‐connected α‐Po network. The magnetic behavior for 1 was studied in the temperature range of 1.8‐300 K.
Synthesis, Structure and Electrochemical Lithium Intercalation Chemistry of Ramsdellite‐Type LiCrTiO4
Authors: Kuhn A. , Martín M. , García‐Alvarado F. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractLiCrTiO4, which crystallizes in the orthorhombic ramsdellite structure, has been obtained by heating spinel LiCrTiO4 at 1250 °C in air. The refined cell parameters are a = 4.9835(6) Å, b = 9.5095(8) Å and c = 2.9282(2) Å, space group Pbnm, as determined from Rietveld refinement of X‐ray powder diffraction data. The intercalation chemistry of LiCrTiO4 has been investigated. Lithium can be extracted from LiCrTiO4 due to oxidation of CrIII at rather high potential 4 V. On the other hand, lithium intercalation proceeds readily at 1.5 V due to the reduction of tetravalent titanium. Regarding practical applications, as an electrode for lithium rechargeable batteries, specific capacities of 100 and 120 mAh·g−1 are developed at 0.1 mA·cm−2, respectively. These findings point out that the ramsdellite form of LiCrTiO4 may be an ambivalent electrode, which can be used either as the positive electrode or the negative electrode of a lithium ion rechargeable battery.
Zur Problematik individueller thermodynamischer Aktivitätskoeffizienten einzelner Ionensorten in Elektrolytlösungen hoher Konzentration
Authors: Ferse Armin 
Published: March 2008

AbstractOn the Individual Thermodynamic Activity Coefficients of Single Ion Species in Electrolyte Solutions at High ConcentrationsThe individual activity coefficients of the single ion species, which are produced by dissociation of aqueous electrolytes, are necessary for the thermodynamic treatment of equilibrations and processes involving electrolytes. The determination of these values is one of the basic quests of electrochemistry and a controversial topic. This problem is unsolvable using classical thermodynamics.In this paper a mathematical method is shown, which can be used to split the mean activity coefficients into the values for the individual ion species of an electrolyte. For this determination the mean activity coefficients have to be expressed in the power form of equation. The concept based on the adaptation of a product function for the concentration development of the mean activity coefficients to the experimental data and their separation into factor functions of a predefined structure, which represent the concentration development of the individual activity coefficients of the single ion species of the electrolyte.This mathematical method was used to calculate the individual activity coefficients of the single ion species of alkali chlorides, alkaline earth chlorides, alkaline earth perchlorates, hydrohalic acids and alkali hydroxides.In summary, all the calculated single ion activity coefficients are in good agreement with the expected theoretical considerations. A proportionality to the reciprocal diameter of the unhydrated cation is clearly recognizable. The calculated individual activity coefficients correspond in every case with the assumption about their size, which can be reproduced using a variety of electrochemical investigations and experiments.
Hydrothermal Synthesis, Structures and Thermal Stability of Two Novel Lanthanide Complexes: [Er4(tp)6(H2O)6], [Lu(tp)1.5(H2O)3]
Authors: Xie Su‐Li , Xie Bi‐Qin , Tang Xiao‐Yong , Wang Ning , Yue Shan‐Tang 
Published: March 2008

AbstractTwo novel lanthanide complexes with the formula [Er4(tp)6(H2O)6] (1) and [Lu(tp)1.5(H2O)3] (2) (tp = terephthalate) were synthesized by treating Er(NO3)3, Lu(NO3)3 with terephthalic acid under hydrothermal conditions, respectively. The structures were determined by X‐ray crystallography. The crystal 1 is of orthorhombic, space group Pbca(61) with a = 9.6656(2) Å, b = 26.2338(5) Å, c = 37.9022(7) Å, C48H36Er4O30, M = 1761.81, Z = 8, V = 9610.69(32) Å3, F(000) = 6688, R1 = 0.0326 and ωR = 0.0650. The crystal of 2 is of triclinic, space group $P{\bar 1}$ with a = 7.8204(1) Å, b = 9.5355(1) Å, c = 10.6348(1) Å, α = 68.869(1)°, β = 71.081(1)°, γ = 75.151(1)°, C24H24Lu2O18, M = 475.19, Z = 2, V = 690.98(1) Å3, F(000) = 454, R1 = 0.0215 and ωR = 0.0474. Both of the two coordination polymers exhibit sandwich‐like packing structures.
Gas Storages in Microporous Metal‐Organic Framework at Ambient Temperature
Authors: Zhu Long‐Guan , Xiao Hong‐Ping 
Published: March 2008

Abstract[Co2(bdc)2(ted)]·2DMF·3H2O (2), (DMF = N,N′‐dimethylformamide, bdc = 1,4‐benzenedicarboxylate dianion, ted = triethylenediamine) was prepared and characterized by IR, elemental analysis, TGA, powder X‐ray analysis and single‐crystal X‐ray determination. At ambient temperature the material [Co2(bdc)2(ted)] (1) was found to be high adsorbent of methane but poor adsorbent of hydrogen.
Learning from experience and trading volume
Authors: Subrahmanyam Avanidhar 
Published: March 2008

AbstractWe build a model where trading allows inexperienced agents to discern useful information sources. Upon losing money by trading on invalid information sources, investors learn from their experience and switch to alternative sources. Such activity leads to initial expected losses but later profitable trades. Trading activity is found to be increasing in the mass of such agents. Volume is greatest in firms with uncertain cash flows. Further, a greater number of information sources implies greater volume. This is consistent with the explosive growth in volume accompanying the growth of the internet, which presumably increases the number of heterogeneous information sources.
The Dubious Distinction between Principal and Accessory Claims in Nigerian Human Rights Jurisprudence
Authors: Nwauche ES 
Published: March 2008

AbstractWhat began as an exercise in defining the jurisdiction of the Nigerian Federal High Court over fundamental human rights has now turned into a well established principle that Nigerian courts will not entertain an action for the enforcement of a fundamental human right contained in chapter IV of the 1999 constitution through the Fundamental Human Rights (Enforcement Procedure) Rules unless it is the principal claim. In other words, if the action for the enforcement of a fundamental human right is an accessory or subsidiary claim, the action must be started by a writ of summons. This article demonstrates that this distinction is dubious, irrelevant and impossible to make, and leads to a miscarriage of justice.
Early German Legal Anthropology: Albert Hermann Post and His Questionnaire
Authors: Lyall Andrew 
Published: March 2008

AbstractAlbert Hermann Post (1839–95) is an almost forgotten figure in the history of legal anthropology, yet he was the first anthropologist to propose the study of the legal relations of indigenous peoples. His questionnaire is presented here in English for the first time. It was distributed in the 1890s and the answers, from Cameroon, Mali, Western Sudan, Uganda, German East Africa, German South West Africa, Madagascar, and the Solomon and Marshall Islands, were published by Steinmetz in 1903, after Post's death. The questionnaire gives an insight into the state of German anthropology at the time and, however naïve the method, the answers provide in many cases the only written evidence for the period on the societies studied. This article also considers Hildebrandt's reassessment of Post and gives an account of the circumstances leading up to the distribution of Josef Kohler's later questionnaire.
BODY HEIGHT IN RELATION TO RURAL–URBAN MIGRATION IN POLAND
Authors: KRZYŻANOWSKA M. , BORYSŁAWSKI K. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryA survey was conducted among 2800 students studying in Wrocław, Poland. The questionnaire included questions on the body height of the students and their parents, and place of residence and migration patterns of the students themselves, their parents and their grandparents. Body height in both students and their parents was positively correlated with the size of their place of residence. This was particularly true for male students and their fathers. Body height in students and parents from mobile families was not significantly different from that of their peers from non-mobile families. Body height in mobile individuals was generally between that of non-mobile individuals from rural areas and that of non-mobile individuals from large urban centres. Students from families that had migrated from smaller urban centres to larger ones were taller than students from families that had migrated from rural areas to urban centres. Body height in students was also correlated with the kind of migration that took place. In the students’ mothers, body height was higher if the maternal grandparents moved from smaller urban centres to larger urban centres than if the maternal grandparents moved from rural areas to urban centres. In female students, body height depended on whether their mothers had migrated from smaller places of residence to larger places of residence, but was not affected by the degree of migration. Intra-generational migration during the generation of the students’ grandparents was associated with increased body height in the students’ mothers. On the other hand, intergenerational migration during the generations of the students’ grandparents and parents was associated with increased body height in the students’ fathers and in female students. Body height was not a reliable indicator of whether an individual migrated from rural areas to Wrocław. Far more reliable indicators were the size of the place the student lived their whole life and whether the family had lived in an urban environment for at least two generations.
Forensic Neuropsychology in the Real World
Authors: Ellenberg Leah 
Published: March 2008

Forensic Neuropsychology Casebook. Robert L. Heilbronner
(Ed.). 2005. New York: The Guilford Press. 370 pp., $50.00 (HB).The chapters in Forensic Neuropsychology Casebook read like a
collection of short stories. An experienced forensic neuropsychologist
authors each chapter and each case is presented from a personal point of
view, a viewpoint generally not found in mainstream textbooks. The case
background, test results, and legal proceedings are described along with
the neuropsychologist's thoughts, feelings, insights, and lessons
learned. The practitioners and topics were well chosen to display the
diversity of forensic neuropsychology. Included are adult, pediatric,
civil, and criminal cases. Besides the more common cases such as traumatic
brain injury, medical malpractice, and workers' compensation, more
esoteric topics are covered such as electrical injury, sexual consent
capacity in an Alzheimer's patient, and competence to confess.
Workforce development in South Africa with a focus on public health nutrition
Authors: Steyn Nelia P , Mbhenyane Xikombiso G 
Published: March 2008

AbstractObjectivesThe present paper aims to review and report on the current and predicted future public health nutrition workforce in South Africa. Additionally, it examines ways in which the Department of Health (DOH) is striving to meet the increasing burden of nutrition-related diseases in South Africa.MethodsThe primary sources of data used for the review were reports from the Census office, South African health reviews, mortality and morbidity statistics, and documents from the Health Professions Council of South Africa.ResultsThere are fewer than 2000 registered dietitians in South Africa and fewer than 600 of them work in the public health sector. Furthermore, professional nurses – who are the backbone of the primary health-care system and deliver the rudiments of basic nutritional care – are not being trained in sufficient numbers to meet population growth; in 2004 there was only one nurse per 4000 persons. This situation is aggravated by the growing burden of conditions associated with both overnutrition and undernutrition, as well as the enormous demands of the HIV/AIDS epidemic. The DOH is striving to meet these increasing needs by means of the Integrated Nutrition Programme as well as a National Human Resources Plan which includes numerous strategies to improve the quantity and quality of health professionals’ training, including dietitians and nutritionists. This plan includes the objective of increasing the public health nutrition workforce to more than 250 newly trained dietitians and nutritionists per annum by 2010.
A noise model for mass spectrometry based proteomics
Authors: Du Peicheng , Stolovitzky Gustavo , Horvatovich Peter , Bischoff Rainer , Lim Jihyeon , Suits Frank 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
Motivation: Mass spectrometry data are subjected to considerable noise. Good noise models are required for proper detection and quantification of peptides. We have characterized noise in both quadrupole time-of-flight (Q-TOF) and ion trap data, and have constructed models for the noise.
Results: We find that the noise in Q-TOF data from Applied Biosystems QSTAR fits well to a combination of multinomial and Poisson model with detector dead-time correction. In comparison, ion trap noise from Agilent MSD-Trap-SL is larger than the Q-TOF noise and is proportional to Poisson noise. We then demonstrate that the noise model can be used to improve deisotoping for peptide detection, by estimating appropriate cutoffs of the goodness of fit parameter at prescribed error rates. The noise models also have implications in noise reduction, retention time alignment and significance testing for biomarker discovery.
Contact: pdu@us.ibm.com
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinfomatics Online.
GlycoBase and autoGU: tools for HPLC-based glycan analysis
Authors: Campbell Matthew P. , Royle Louise , Radcliffe Catherine M. , Dwek Raymond A. , Rudd Pauline M. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
Summary: The development of robust high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) technologies continues to improve the detailed analysis and sequencing of glycan structures released from glycoproteins. Here, we present a database (GlycoBase) and analytical tool (autoGU) to assist the interpretation and assignment of HPLC-glycan profiles. GlycoBase is a relational database which contains the HPLC elution positions for over 350 2-AB labelled N-glycan structures together with predicted products of exoglycosidase digestions. AutoGU assigns provisional structures to each integrated HPLC peak and, when used in combination with exoglycosidase digestions, progressively assigns each structure automatically based on the footprint data. These tools are potentially very promising and facilitate basic research as well as the quantitative high-throughput analysis of low concentrations of glycans released from glycoproteins.
Availability: http://glycobase.ucd.ie
Contact: matthew.campbell@nibrt.ie
Unequal group variances in microarray data analyses
Authors: Demissie Meaza , Mascialino Barbara , Calza Stefano , Pawitan Yudi 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
Motivation: In searching for differentially expressed (DE) genes in microarray data, we often observe a fraction of the genes to have unequal variability between groups. This is not an issue in large samples, where a valid test exists that uses individual variances separately. The problem arises in the small-sample setting, where the approximately valid Welch test lacks sensitivity, while the more sensitive moderated t-test assumes equal variance.
Methods: We introduce a moderated Welch test (MWT) that allows unequal variance between groups. It is based on (i) weighting of pooled and unpooled standard errors and (ii) improved estimation of the gene-level variance that exploits the information from across the genes.
Results: When a non-trivial proportion of genes has unequal variability, false discovery rate (FDR) estimates based on the standard t and moderated t-tests are often too optimistic, while the standard Welch test has low sensitivity. The MWT is shown to (i) perform better than the standard t, the standard Welch and the moderated t-tests when the variances are unequal between groups and (ii) perform similarly to the moderated t, and better than the standard t and Welch tests when the group variances are equal. These results mean that MWT is more reliable than other existing tests over wider range of data conditions.
Availability: R package to perform MWT is available at http://www.meb.ki.se/~yudpaw
Contact: yudi.pawitan@ki.se
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.