bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A concise analytical treatment of elastic‐plastic bending of a strain hardening curved beam
Authors: Eraslan A.N. , Arslan E. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractPlane stress and plane strain analytical solutions to partially plastic deformation of a curved beam are presented. The beam has a narrow rectangular cross section and it is subjected to couples at its end sections prevailing pure bending conditions. The analysis is based on Tresca's yield criterion, its associated flow rule and linear strain hardening material behavior. The solutions are verified in comparison to the ones available in the literature. It is shown that plane stress and plane strain solutions agree well in the elastic and in the elastic‐plastic deformation stages. It is also observed that the changes in the dimensions of the beam as it deforms are negligibly small.
Asymptotic expansions and attractive invariant manifolds of strongly damped mechanical systems
Authors: Stumpp Th. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractWe study analytical properties of strongly damped mechanical systems, for which the equations of motion form a singular singularly perturbed system. We show that slow solutions can be represented by an asymptotic expansion in powers of the reciprocal of the damping parameter. Further it is shown that the strong damping forces the motion to run into an invariant manifold at an exponential rate.
Remnant population dynamics in the facultative biennial Carum carvi in fragmented semi‐natural grasslands
Authors: Kiviniemi Katariina 
Published: July 2008

AbstractTransition matrix models were used to examine the population dynamics in the facultative biennial Carum carvi L. in semi‐natural grasslands, specifically to assess what life cycle stages are important for population development and to evaluate the effects of environmental stochasticity on population persistence and, hence, the ability to develop remnant populations. The demographic studies were conducted over a 4‐year period in three moderately grazed grasslands that differed in onset and duration of grazing. Experimental seed‐sowing was also conducted in disturbed and undisturbed plots in the populations. Deterministic and stochastic models yielded overall negative population growth (λ < 1) for the populations. λ was sensitive to transitions in the most frequent vegetative stage classes. Elasticity analysis indicated that a large proportion of population growth could be ascribed to the stasis of individuals in the largest vegetative stage class. Life‐table response experiment (LTRE) analyses showed also that progression to larger stage classes was important in explaining the between‐population variation in λ. The expected time to extinction was on the order of several decades for the study populations. Seed‐sowing indicated that seedling establishment was limited by both seed and micro‐site availability. The populations of C. carvi seem to be able to persist for a rather long time in moderately grazed semi‐natural grasslands, even in cases where populations are destined to become extinct. The results, thus, indicate that “biennials” are able to maintain remnant populations in managed semi‐natural grasslands.
Cause of egg mortality in azuki bean weevils (Callosobruchus chinensis): physical or chemical?
Authors: Fujii Koichi 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe cause of high egg mortality at high adult density in azuki bean weevil is still controversial. It may be physical, as a result of adult trampling, or chemical, as a result of substance(s) secreted by adults and coated on the bean surface. In this study, I first constructed simple mathematical models based on each mechanism, which could predict the change of egg hatchability oviposited on different dates at different adult densities. I then devised an experimental method that could identify the fate of eggs oviposited on different dates. The experimental results showed that egg mortality was most likely caused by adult trampling.
Factors affecting large‐scale distribution of the Bonelli's eagleAquila fasciatain Spain
Authors: Carrascal Luis M. , Seoane Javier 
Published: July 2008

AbstractWe analyzed the environmental determinants of the regional distribution of Bonelli's eagle (Aquila fasciata) in Spain (ca. 500,000 km2), taking into account its frequency of occurrence on UTM blocks of 50 × 50 km. We found that the distribution pattern of Bonelli's eagle was a highly predictable phenomenon based on climate, vegetation and interspecific relationships. The proportion of sunny, anticyclonic days, per year (i.e., high levels of solar radiation) was the main environmental predictor explaining the distribution and abundance pattern of the Bonelli's eagle. Sparse plant formations (mainly shrublands) had also a positive effect, while altitude, agricultural land and deciduous forests had a negative influence. The relative abundance of one of its main preys, the Red Partridge (Alectoris rufa), favored the probability of occurrence of Bonelli's eagle, but only in the less sunny areas located in the north of Spain. The relative abundance of its main competitor, the Golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetos), was slightly but positively correlated with both the distribution and the abundance of the Bonelli's eagle in the Spanish portion of the Iberian Peninsula, probably due to similarities in their habitat preferences. Finally, we did not find further regional effects of the variables describing the degree of human pressure (density of roads, urban cover, and length of power lines).
Synthesis and Properties of Novel Antifungal Gemini Compounds Derived from N‐Acetyl Diethanolamines
Authors: Murguía Marcelo C. , Machuca Laura M. , Lurá María C. , Cabrera María I. , Grau Ricardo J. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractA series of new N‐acetylated non‐ionic and cationic gemini surfactants (3a–f) having dimeric structures derived from primary and tertiary amines with variably long tails (C8–C12–C18) were synthesized. In addition, N‐acetylated monomeric analogues 6a and 6b were prepared and their antifungal potency and surface properties were also determined. Critical micelle concentration (CMC), effectiveness of surface tension reduction (γCMC), surface excess concentration (Γ), and area per molecule at the interface (A) were also determined and the resulting values indicate that the cationic series is characterized by good surface‐active and self‐aggregation properties. For the first time, all surfactants were tested to evaluate their antifungal properties using the method for the broth macrodilution test (M27‐A2, NCCLS). Four microbial strains were used to perform the study: Candida parapsilosis (ATCC 22019), C. albicans (ATCC 64548), and a wild‐type strain of C. parasilosis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (ATCC 9763). The antimicrobial activity was measured by yeast growth inhibition expressed as minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values. Results were compared to those obtained for their monomeric analogues and for a commercially available reference compound (Fluconazole). Gemini 3b, 3e and 3f were found to be the most potent compounds. The results show S. cerevisiae as the most sensitive strain. In contrast, the wild strain of C. parapsilosis was resistant.
Microencapsulation of a Low‐trans Fat in Trehalose as Affected by Emulsifier Type
Authors: Álvarez Cerimedo María S. , Cerdeira Marina , Candal Roberto J. , Herrera María L. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractA low‐trans fat blend formulated with high linoleic sunflower seed oil (SFO) and a high melting fraction (HMF) of milk fat was encapsulated by freeze‐drying emulsions. The selected emulsifiers were a mixed of the palmitic sucrose esters (SE) P‐170 and P‐1670, sodium caseinate (NaCas) or a blend of SE and NaCas. The ability to retain the core material with time was studied by storing the powders at different water activities (aw). Efficiency of encapsulation was strongly dependent on emulsifier type. NaCas formulation was more efficient retaining core material during storage. The formulation with a protein and a small surfactant had the lowest performance. The stabilizer also influenced droplet size distribution and matrix crystallinity. For NaCas‐stabilized powder volume weighted mean diameter (D4,3) remained small for up to 2 months of storage (0.56 ± 0.5 μm) and then grew notably in agreement with matrix collapse. There were no significant differences in D4,3 with water content. For NaCas/SE‐stabilized powder, however, D4,3 was high at the beginning (100 ± 0.5 μm) and then decreased most likely due to particle break‐up. Although particle size distribution showed the same behavior for all aw, retention was strongly dependent on water content. Retention with time was determined by the counteracting effects of these factors.
Associations between neonatal birth dimensions and maternal essential and trans fatty acid contents during pregnancy and at delivery
Authors: Dirix Chantal E. H. , Kester Arnold D. , Hornstra Gerard 
Published: July 2008

Since birth dimensions have prognostic potential for later development and health, possible associations between neonatal birth dimensions and selected maternal plasma fatty acid contents were investigated, using data from 782 mother–infant pairs of the Maastricht Essential Fatty Acid Birth cohort. Unadjusted and multivariable-adjusted regression analyses were applied to study the associations between birth weight, birth length or head circumference and the relative contents of DHA, arachidonic acid (AA), dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA) and 18 : 1trans (18 : 1t) in maternal plasma phospholipids sampled during early, middle and late pregnancies, and at delivery. Where appropriate, corrections were made for relevant covariables. Significant ‘positive’ associations were observed between maternal DHA contents (especially early in pregnancy) and birth weight (B = 52·10 g, 95 % CI 20·40, 83·80) and head circumference (B = 0·223 cm, 95 % CI 0·074, 0·372). AA contents at late pregnancy were ‘negatively’ associated with birth weight (B = − 44·25 g, 95 % CI − 68·33, − 20·16) and birth length (B = − 0·200 cm, 95 % CI − 0·335, − 0·065). Significant ‘negative’ associations were also observed for AA contents at delivery and birth weight (B = − 27·08 g, 95 % CI − 47·11, − 7·056) and birth length (B = − 0·207 cm, 95 % CI − 0·330, − 0·084). Maternal DGLA contents at delivery were also significantly ‘negatively’ associated with neonatal birth weight (B = − 85·76 g, 95 % CI − 130·9, − 40·61) and birth length (B = − 0·413 cm, 95 % CI − 0·680, − 0·146). No significant associations were observed for maternal 18 : 1t contents. We conclude that during early pregnancy, maternal DHA content may programme fetal growth in a positive way. Maternal AA and DGLA in late pregnancy might be involved in fetal growth limitation.
Peripartal feeding strategy with different n-6:n-3 ratios in sows: effects on sows' performance, inflammatory and periparturient metabolic parameters
Authors: Papadopoulos Georgios A. , Maes Dominiek G. D. , Van Weyenberg Stephanie , van Kempen Theo A. T. G. , Buyse Johan , Janssens Geert P. J. 
Published: July 2008

The present study aimed to investigate the effects of two lactation sow feeds, differing in n-6:n-3 ratio, given to sows before parturition on body condition and feed intake, periparturient metabolism (leptin, insulin, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4)), inflammatory parameters (TNFα, IL-6, serum amyloid A (SAA)) and on piglet performance (birth weight, survivability). The feed contained either a low (supplemented with fish oil; f groups) or high (supplemented with sunflower-seed oil; s groups) n-6:n-3 ratio and was administered from 8 d (f8, s8) or 3 d (f3, s3) before parturition until weaning. The level of inclusion of the oil sources was 2 %. Seventy-two sows were randomly allocated 8 d before expected farrowing into four groups: f3, f8, s3, s8. Type of feed had a significant influence on the sows' feed intake during the first 2 d of lactation (s < f), leptin on days 4, 3 and 2 before parturition (f < s), insulin on day 1 after parturition (f < s), T4 on the day before parturition (s < f) and rectal temperature on the day after parturition (f < s). Onset of administration of the feed (3 v. 8 d) had significant effects on leptin on day 2 before parturition (8 < 3), insulin on day 4 before parturition (3 < 8), T3 on day 4 before parturition and on the day after parturition (3 < 8), SAA on day 3 after parturition (8 < 3) and piglet weight during the first days postpartum (3 < 8). In conclusion, under the present conditions, a lactation feed low in n-6:n-3 ratio administered from 8 d before farrowing ensures improved feed intake during the first days postpartum and was associated with a better metabolic change and inflammatory profile in sows in the periparturient period.
Echium oil is better than rapeseed oil in enriching poultry meat withn-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, including eicosapentaenoic acid and docosapentaenoic acid
Authors: Kitessa Soressa M. , Young Paul 
Published: July 2008

α-Linolenic acid (ALA; 18 : 3n-3) and stearidonic acid (SDA; 18 : 4n-3) are on the biosynthetic pathway of EPA (20 : 5n-3) and DHA (22 : 6n-3). Then-3 fatty acid in rapeseed oil is ALA while Echium oil contains both ALA and SDA. To determine the comparative efficacy of ALA- and SDA-rich oils in enriching broiler meat withn-3 PUFA, we offered diets supplemented with rapeseed oil (rapeseed group) or Echium oil (Echium group) for 35 d to two groups of chicks (age 21 d). There were no differences in carcass weight (2·20 (sem0·06)v.2·23 (sem0·05) kg), boned, skinless thigh muscle (494 (sem20·5)v.507 (sem16·7) g), boned, skinless breast muscle (553 (sem13·4)v.546 (sem11·6) g) or organ weights (heart, liver and gizzard) between the two groups. The total intramuscular fat (IMF) percentage of thigh (8·0 (sem0·64)v.8·1 (sem0·62) %) and breast muscles (2·3 (sem0·24)v.2·0 (sem0·19) %) were also similar between the groups. In contrast, the concentrations of most of the individualn-3 fatty acids (ALA, SDA, EPA and docosapentaenoic acid) were all higher in the Echium than the rapeseed group (P < 0·05). However, differences in DHA concentrations were significant in breast but not thigh muscle IMF. The totaln-3 yields/100 g serve thigh muscle were 265 and 676 mg for the rapeseed and Echium groups, respectively (P < 0·0001). The corresponding values for equivalent breast muscles were 70 and 137 mg, respectively (P < 0·01). We conclude that Echium oil is a better lipid supplement than rapeseed oil in changing the concentration and yield ofn-3 fatty acids, except DHA, in broiler meat.
Ovicidal activity of Paecilomyces lilacinus on Moniezia sp. eggs
Authors: Braga F.R. , Araújo J.V. , Araujo J.M. , Carvalho R.O. , Silva A.R. , Campos A.K. , Tavela A.O. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe ovicidal activity of Paecilomyces lilacinus was evaluated on Moniezia sp. eggs. Eggs of Moniezia sp. were incubated on plates with 2% agar-water inoculated with grown fungal isolates and a control treatment without fungus. After 5, 10 and 15 days post-inoculation, the eggs were removed and classified according to the following parameters: effect type 1, lytic effect without morphological damage to eggshells; effect type 2, lytic effect with morphological change in embryos and eggshells; and effect type 3, lytic effect with morphological change in embryos and eggshells, with hyphal penetration and internal colonization of eggs. Paecilomyces lilacinus showed percentages for ovicidal activity (P < 0.01), mainly type 3 effect, of 19, 20 and 23% on eggs of Moniezia sp., after 5, 10 and 15 days post-inoculation, respectively. Therefore P. lilacinus can be considered as a potential biological control agent for this cestode.
Non-local theory of a transverse magnetic mode pumped free electron laser
Authors: SHARMA B. S. , JAIMAN N. K. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractA non-local theory is used to study the effects of the corrugation parameter ε of a plasma-filled slow wave structure, the cyclotron frequency of a pumped magnetic field Ω and the relativistic gamma factor γ0 on the instability growth Γ of a free electron laser in the presence of an external finite axial magnetic field. The dispersion relation is derived and the growth rate is formulated in the Raman regime. The growth rate is approximately proportional to ε. There is a considerable decrease in the instability growth when the cyclotron frequency is close to ω0. The growth rate approximately scales inversely as the 19/2 power of the relativistic gamma factor.
Invariant probability measures and dynamics of exponential linear type maps
Authors: GAMARNIK DAVID , NOWICKI TOMASZ , ŚWIRSZCZ GRZEGORZ 
Published: July 2008

AbstractWe consider the problem of the asymptotic size of the random maximum-weight matching of a sparse random graph, which we translate into dynamics of the operator in the space of distribution functions. A tight condition for the uniqueness of the globally attracting fixed point is provided, which extends the result of Karp and Sipser [Maximum matchings in sparse random graphs. 22nd Ann. Symp. on Foundations of Computer Science (Nashville, TN, 28–30 October, 1981). IEEE, New York, 1981, pp. 364–375] from deterministic weight distributions (Dirac measures μ) to general ones. Given a probability measure μ which corresponds to the weight distribution of a link of a random graph, we form a positive linear operator Φμ (convolution) on distribution functions and then analyze a family of its exponents, with parameter λ, which corresponds to the connectivity of a sparse random graph. The operator 𝕋 relates the distribution F on the subtrees to the distribution 𝕋F on the node of the tree by 𝕋F=exp (−λΦμF). We prove that for every probability measure μ and every λ<e, there exists a unique globally attracting fixed point of the operator; the probability measure corresponding to this fixed point can then be used to compute the expected maximum-weight matching on a sparse random graph. This result is called the e-cutoff phenomenon. For deterministic distributions and λ>e, there is no fixed point attractor. We further establish that the uniqueness of the invariant measure of the underlying operator is not a monotone property of the average connectivity; this parallels similar non-monotonicity results in the statistical physics context.
Fast laser scan matching approach based on adaptive curvature estimation for mobile robots
Authors: Núñez P. , Vázquez-Martín R. , Bandera A. , Sandoval F. 
Published: July 2008

SUMMARYThis paper describes a complete laser-based approach for tracking the pose of a robot in a dynamic environment. The main novelty of this approach is that the matching between consecutively acquired scans is achieved using their associated curvature-based representations. The proposed scan matching algorithm consists of three stages. Firstly, the whole raw laser data is segmented into groups of consecutive range readings using a distance-based criterion and the curvature function for each group is computed. Then, this set of curvature functions is matched to the set of curvature functions associated to the previously acquired laser scan. Finally, characteristic points of pairwise curvature functions are matched and used to correctly obtain the best local alignment between consecutive scans. A closed form solution is employed for computing the optimal transformation and minimizing the robot pose shift error without iterations. Thus, the system is outstanding in terms of accuracy and computation time. The implemented algorithm is evaluated and compared to three state of the art scan matching approaches.
Activation of amphibian oocytes by sperm extracts
Authors: Bonilla F. , Ajmat M. T. , Sánchez Toranzo G. , Zelarayán L. , Oterino J. , Bühler M. I. 
Published: July 2008

SummaryIn the fertilization of most animals, egg activation is accompanied by an increase in cytoplasmatic Ca2+; however, the mechanism through which the fertilizing sperm induce this phenomenon is still controversial. An increase in intracellular free Ca2+is required to trigger egg activation events, a process that includes cortical granule exocytosis, resumption and completion of meiosis and DNA replication, and culminates in the first mitotic cleavage. In this work, we investigated the effect of microinjection and incubation of different fractions of homologous sperm extract on the activation ofBufo arenarumoocytes maturedin vitro. Two heat treatment-sensitive fractions obtained by chromatography were able to induce oocyte activation. The sperm fraction, which contained a 24 kDa protein, induced 90% activation when it was microinjected into the oocytes. Whilst the sperm fraction, which contained a 36 kDa protein, was able to induce about 70% activation only when it was applied on the oocyte surface.
Body size preference and body weight perception among two migrant groups of non-Western origin
Authors: Nicolaou Mary , Doak Colleen , Dam Rob van , Hosper Karen , Seidell Jaap , Stronks Karien 
Published: July 2008

AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate body size preference, body weight perception and their relationship with actual weight in two migrant groups of non-Western origin, Turks and Moroccans; additionally, to study the association between body size preference and acculturation.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingAmsterdam, The Netherlands.Subjects and methodsMales and females (18–30 years) were randomly selected from the population registry (n 451); participants, or at least one of their parents, were born in Turkey or Morocco. Body size preference was assessed using seven silhouette drawings and body weight perception was assessed by asking participants’ opinion of own weight. Acculturation variables were generation status and two scale measures, cultural orientation and social contacts.ResultsParticipants showed preference for a thin body size. The discrepancy between ideal and current size was significant in women but not men (P < 0·001). Perceived current body size was correlated with BMI (Spearman’s correlation coefficient 0·60, P < 0·001 (men) and 0·73, P < 0·001 (women)). Among overweight participants (BMI = 25·0–29·9 kg/m2), 63–82 % of men and 35 % of women perceived themselves as ‘average’. Paying attention to own body weight was associated with a discrepancy between ideal and current size among women and with perceiving oneself as ‘overweight’ among men. Body size preference was not significantly associated with the three acculturation variables.ConclusionWe did not observe a preference for large body sizes in these two non-Western migrant groups. Similar to Western populations, most women wished to be thinner than they were. This was not the case among men, the majority of whom were also unaware of being overweight.
Music, Theosophical spirituality, and empire: the British modernist composers Cyril Scott and John Foulds
Authors: van der Linden Bob 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThis article deals with the life and work of the early twentieth-century British modernist composers Cyril Scott and John Foulds, in the context of British national music and ‘imperial culture’ at large. Through a discussion of their Theosophical spirituality, Indian musical exoticism, and modernist aesthetics (for all of which they became outsiders to the British music establishment), it tentatively investigates their ideas as part of an ‘alternative’ ideological cluster, which equally influenced British ‘imperial culture’. Furthermore, it discusses the role of Theosophists (such as Annie Besant, Margaret Cousins, and Rukmini Devi) in Indian nationalism and the making of modern South Indian music. This situates the cases of Scott and Foulds within Theosophy as a global movement, and illustrates how cosmopolitan radicalism, Western self-questioning, modernist aesthetics, and anti-establishment thinking linked up with the emergence of non-Western anti-imperial nationalism through an intricate network of personal relationships in metropolis and colony.