bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development studies meet Pierre Bourdieu: the case of Chinese Private FDI in Zambia
Authors: Polus Andrzej , Li Hangwei 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACTInspired by Bourdieu's field theory and utilising the case of Zambia, this article aims to enhance the understanding of the intricate relationship between Chinese private investors and sub-Saharan state institutions. The study proposes an epistemological framework that integrates sociological, anthropological and neo-institutional approaches to development studies. Through extensive fieldwork and over 75 interviews with both Chinese and Zambian stakeholders, we explore various contexts in which group-actors related to foreign capital in Zambia operate. We argue that three separate habiti – inhabited by the Zambian political class, Chinese investors and ‘ordinary’ Zambians – are crucial for comprehending private foreign capital operations in this sub-Saharan state. The ordinary Zambians and Zambian political class fields converge primarily during elections, while interactions between ordinary Zambians and Chinese investors have remained very limited (predominantly employee–employer relations), creating an ideational structure of hostility. In contrast, the Zambian political class and Chinese private investor fields crosscut and are mutually constitutive.
Intimate exclusion and pastoralist elites' role in large scale-land acquisition in Kenya
Authors: Wachira Jackson , Stacey Paul , Atela Joanes , Outa George 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACTMany large-scale land acquisition studies focus on the role of powerful transnational corporations, foreign and domestic governments. Instead, we shift the focus to the role of local actors, in this case, pastoralists in Samburu County, Kenya. Here, we apply the concept of ‘intimate exclusion’ and show that pastoralist elites' desire and ability to maximise productive and financial gains from customary land, coupled with their privileged understanding of land-related laws and regulations and ability to use or threaten others with violence, enables the control of extensive customary lands and the exclusion of weaker pastoralists. These processes, we find, are rooted in the country's capitalist development trajectory traceable to colonial rule. Overall, the paper highlights local ‘homegrown’ actors’ role in large-scale land acquisition, how social intimacy provides space and opportunity for unequal benefits and how historical gains offer unique opportunities to gain from new political and economic developments.
Tales and theories as levers of expert influence: A case study of the Norwegian Oil Fund
Authors: Øvald Camilla Bakken , Tranøy Bent Sofus , Raknes Ketil 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe power of economists in policymaking is widely recognized by both scholars and political actors. While the literature on expert influence has primarily focused on the intellectual features of expert arguments, we argue that economists’ strategic use of framing and normative reasoning wields more influence in policymaking than is acknowledged by current scholarship. Through a comprehensive investigation into the institutionalization of the Norwegian Oil Fund and its associated fiscal regime, drawing on 26 elite interviews with key political and technocratic actors, we unveil the considerable influence of state economists in shaping the policy for managing petroleum wealth. These economists not only played a crucial role in legitimizing and lending credibility to the new policy but also employed strategic framing as a reinforcing mechanism to sustain the policy regime, illustrating the essential role of economists as storytellers. Hence, we suggest including strategic framing as a conceptual element within the theoretical framework of expert influence.
Oxyfluorfen-resistant rice tolerance and weed control when using oxyfluorfen
Authors: Arnold Casey H. , Norsworthy Jason K. , Butts Thomas R. , Roberts Trenton L. , Bateman Nick R. , Shelton Chad W. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Herbicide-resistant barnyardgrass and weedy rice control, without crop injury, is a challenge for rice producers in the United States. Herbicides not initially labeled for rice, such as oxyfluorfen, are now being evaluated as new tools for weed control. The ROXY® trait allows for the use of oxyfluorfen in rice for weed control preemergence and postemergence. Experiments were initiated in 2021 and 2022 to evaluate (1) the effectiveness of preemergence- and postemergence-applied oxyfluorfen on barnyardgrass and weedy rice, (2) the sensitivity of oxyfluorfen-resistant rice to oxyfluorfen as a function of application timing, and (3) the influence of soil moisture on oxyfluorfen-resistant rice sensitivity to oxyfluorfen. In the field, a rate response was observed for oxyfluorfen applied to weedy rice when averaged over application timings of 1-leaf, 2-leaf, 3-leaf, and tillering, with oxyfluorfen at 1,680 g ai ha−1 resulting in 81% and 72% control 7 d after application (DAA) in 2021 and 2022, respectively. Under greenhouse conditions, barnyardgrass and weedy rice control averaged by the rate of oxyfluorfen was ≥85 and ≥70%, respectfully, 7 DAA for the 1-, 2-, and 3-leaf rice growth stage timings. Preemergence applications of oxyfluorfen under 100% soil saturation resulted in 75% injury to oxyfluorfen-resistant rice, greater than all other soil moisture at 7 DAA. All postemergence applications of oxyfluorfen resulted in 63% to 70% injury to oxyfluorfen-resistant rice at 7 DAA, regardless of soil moisture. Barnyardgrass and weedy rice control with oxyfluorfen is achieved with timely applications; however, injury to oxyfluorfen-resistant rice is likely.
Crater Structure Behind Reconnection Front
Authors: Huang S. Y. , Xiong Q. Y. , Yuan Z. G. , Jiang K. , Yu L. , Xu S. B. , Lin R. T. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMagnetic reconnection is the physical process that converts the energy from the fields to the plasmas in space, astrophysical and laboratory plasmas. The Reconnection front (RF) is the structure generated in the reconnection outflow region and participates in the energy release budget. Here, we first report a novel crater structure of magnetic field behind the RF, which is well supported by both the in‐situ observations from the Magnetospheric Multiscale mission and kinetic particle‐in‐cell simulations. The theoretical explanations from the simulations suggests that the formation of the crater structure is possibly due to that high‐speed outflow electron jet from inner electron diffusion region constantly strikes the RF. From another perspective, the crater structure is the continuous impact of the electron jet. Our results can establish a new understanding of the RF and energy conversion during magnetic reconnection.
High P‐T Sound Velocities of Amphiboles: Implications for Low‐Velocity Anomalies in Metasomatized Upper Mantle
Authors: Zhou Wen‐Yi , Hao Ming , Zhang Dongzhou , Dera Przemyslaw , Charin Soisiri , Zhang Jin S. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMetasomatized mantle xenoliths containing hydrous minerals, such as amphiboles, serpentine, and phlogopite, likely represent the potential mineralogical compositions of the metasomatized upper mantle, where low seismic velocities are commonly observed. This study presents the first experimentally determined single‐crystal elasticity model of an Fe‐free near Ca, Mg‐endmember amphibole tremolite at high pressure and/or temperature conditions (maximum pressure 7.3(1) GPa, maximum temperature 700 K) using Brillouin spectroscopy. We found that sound velocities of amphiboles strongly depend on the Fe content. We then calculated the sound velocities of 441 hydrous‐mineral‐bearing mantle xenoliths collected around the globe, and quantitatively evaluated the roles that amphiboles, phlogopite and serpentine played in producing the low velocity anomalies in the metasomatized upper mantle.
Magnetic Field Enhancements in the Solar Wind: Diverse Processes Manifesting a Uniform Observation Type?
Authors: Jia Ying‐Dong , Lai Hairong , Miles Nathan , Wei Hanying , Luhmann Janet G. , Russell C. T. , Blanco‐Cano X. , Jian Lan , Shi Chen 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWithin the solar wind throughout the inner heliosphere, observations reveal the presence of magnetic field enhancements accompanied by thin current sheets at varying distances from the sun and across different longitudes and latitudes. Two primary explanations have been proposed to elucidate these phenomena: Solar wind‐dust interaction and interlacing flux ropes. In this study, we employ multi‐fluid Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) and Hall MHD models to simulate these hypotheses, respectively. Our findings indicate a concurrence between both models and the observed phenomena, suggesting that both processes may result in the same kind of enhancement. Furthermore, both models make predictions pointing to additional types of observational data, occurring at distinct spatial or temporal stages of the interaction. This convergence of model predictions with empirical data underscores the need for further observational and modeling studies to comprehensively test these models. This research enhances our knowledge of the inner heliosphere's dynamics and the influence of the solar wind on the Earth's magnetosphere, thereby shedding light on critical aspects of space weather and its potential impact on our planet.
An Experimental Investigation on the Energy Signature Associated With Multiphase Flow in Porous Media Displacement Regimes
Authors: Zou Shuangmei , Chen Dong , Kang Nong , Xie Congjiao , Armstrong Ryan T. , Cai Jianchao 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the energy signature associated with multiphase flow in porous media displacement regimes. We proposed that net efficiency, as the conversion of external work applied to surface energy generated, provides new insights into the transition of flow regimes. The combined effects of wettability and flow rates on immiscible fluid‐fluid displacement is experimentally investigated using high‐resolution imaging in microfluidic flow cells, which allows for tracking the evolution of interfacial area under applied external work. Our study focuses on the morphology of invasion patterns and the efficiency of conversion of external work to surface energy. The results show that the morphology of invasion patterns under unfavorable displacement condition is sharper than that under favorable displacement condition with larger ratios of length and width for fingers. The efficiency of conversion of external work to surface energy decreases with the increase of contact angles and reduces greatly with the increase of Capillary numbers. With favorable displacement conditions, the efficiency of conversion is consistently higher than that for unfavorable displacement. The trends of external work and surface energy serve as a signature of the transition between different flow regimes, which exhibits alteration especially at low Capillary numbers. The findings highlight the importance of wettability and flow rates in determining the efficiency of fluid‐fluid displacement in porous media. Understanding the energy signature associated with multiphase flow can have implications for various geoscience applications, such as oil/gas recovery, groundwater remediation, and underground energy storage.
Nucleic acid therapeutics as differentiation agents for myeloid leukemias
Authors: Kovecses Olivia , Mercier François E. , McKeague Maureen 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDifferentiation therapy has proven to be a success story for patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia. However, the remaining subtypes of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) are treated with cytotoxic chemotherapies that have limited efficacy and a high likelihood of resistance. As differentiation arrest is a hallmark of AML, there is increased interest in developing differentiation-inducing agents to enhance disease-free survival. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of current reports and future avenues of nucleic acid therapeutics for AML, focusing on the use of targeted nucleic acid drugs to promote differentiation. Specifically, we compare and discuss the precision of small interfering RNA, small activating RNA, antisense oligonucleotides, and aptamers to modulate gene expression patterns that drive leukemic cell differentiation. We delve into preclinical and clinical studies that demonstrate the efficacy of nucleic acid-based differentiation therapies to induce leukemic cell maturation and reduce disease burden. By directly influencing the expression of key genes involved in myeloid maturation, nucleic acid therapeutics hold the potential to induce the differentiation of leukemic cells towards a more mature and less aggressive phenotype. Furthermore, we discuss the most critical challenges associated with developing nucleic acid therapeutics for myeloid malignancies. By introducing the progress in the field and identifying future opportunities, we aim to highlight the power of nucleic acid therapeutics in reshaping the landscape of myeloid leukemia treatment.
A deletion variant in LMX1B causing nail–patella syndrome in Japanese twins
Authors: Kishio Nozomu , Iwama Kazuhiro , Nakanishi Sayuri , Shindo Ryosuke , Yasui Masaki , Nicho Naoki , Takahashi Atsushi , Kohara Mana , Hirata Michisato , Kemmotsu Takahiro , Tanoshima Miki , Ito Shuichi 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Nail–patella syndrome (NPS) is a hereditary disease caused by pathogenic variants in LMX1B and characterized by nail, limb, and renal symptoms. This study revealed a likely pathogenic LMX1B variant, NM_002316.4: c.723_726delinsC (p.Ser242del), in Japanese twins with clubfoot. The patients’ mother, who shared this variant, developed proteinuria after delivery. p.Ser242del is located in the homeodomain of the protein, in which variants that cause renal disease tend to cluster. Our findings highlight p.Ser242del as a likely pathogenic variant, expanding our knowledge of NPS.
Long-term outcomes of penile squamous cell carcinoma in men age ≤50 years old compared with men >50 years old from a single tertiary referral centre: a propensity score matched analysis
Authors: Pang Karl H. , Fallara Giuseppe , Hemat Morwarid , Ghosh Akash , Haider Aiman , Freeman Alex , Hadway Paul , Nigam Raj , Rees Rowland , Mitra Anita , Alifrangis Constantine , Muneer Asif , Alnajjar Hussain M. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPenile cancer (PeCa) is rare, and the oncological outcomes in younger men are unclear. We aimed to analyse and compare oncological outcomes of men age ≤50 years (y) and >50 years with PeCa. A retrospective analysis of men ≤50 y with penile squamous cell carcinoma managed at a tertiary centre was performed. A propensity score matched cohort of men >50 y was identified for comparison. Matching was according to tumour, nodal stage and the types of primary surgery. Overall survival (OS), disease-specific survival (DSS), recurrence-free survival (RFS), and metastasis-free survivals (MFS) were estimated using Kaplan–Meier plots and compared using log-rank tests. Between 2005–2020, 100 men ≤50 y (median (IQR) age, 46 y (40–49)) were identified and matched with 100 men >50 y (median (IQR) age, 65 y (59–73)). 10, 24, 32, 34 men age ≤50 y were diagnosed in 2005–2007, 2008–2012, 2013–2016 and 2017–2020 respectively. Median (IQR) follow-up was 53.5 (18–96) months. OS at 2 years: ≤50 y, 86%>50 y, 80.6%; 5 years: ≤50 y, 78.1%, >50 y, 63.1%; 10 years: ≤50 y, 72.3%, >50 y, 45.6% (p = 0.01). DSS at 2 years: ≤50 y, 87.2%>50 y, 87.8%; 5 years: ≤50 y, 80.9%>50 y, 78.2%; 10 years: ≤50 y, 78%, >50 y, 70.9% (p = 0.74). RFS was 93.1% in the ≤50 y group (vs. >50 y, 96.5%) at 2 year, and 90% (vs. >50 y, 88.5%) at 5 years, p = 0.81. Within the ≤50 y group, 2 years and 5 years MFS was 93% (vs. >50 y, 96.5%), and 89.5% (vs. >50 y, 92.7%) respectively, (p = 0.40). There were no statistical significance in DFS, RFS and MFS in men age ≤50 y and >50 y. PeCa in younger patients is fatal, public awareness and patient education are crucial for early detection and management.
Understanding energy performance in drinking water treatment plants using the efficiency analysis tree approach
Authors: Maziotis Alexandros , Molinos-Senante Maria 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWater treatment processes are known to consume substantial amounts of energy, making it crucial to understand their efficiency, drivers, and potential energy savings. In this study, we apply Efficiency Analysis Tree (EAT), which combines machine learning and linear programming techniques to assess the energy performance of 146 Chilean drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs) for 2020. Additionally, we utilize bootstrap regression techniques to examine the influence of operating characteristics on energy efficiency. The results indicate that the evaluated DWTPs exhibited poor energy performance, with an average energy efficiency score of 0.197. The estimated potential energy savings were found to be 0.005 kWh/m3. Several factors, such as the age of the facility, source of raw water, and treatment technology, were identified as significant drivers of energy efficiency in DWTPs. The insights gained from our study can be valuable for policymakers in making informed decisions regarding the adoption of practices that promote efficient and sustainable energy use within the water cycle.
Resolved ALMA observations of water in the inner astronomical units of the HL Tau disk
Authors: Facchini Stefano , Testi Leonardo , Humphreys Elizabeth , Vander Donckt Mathieu , Isella Andrea , Wrzosek Ramon , Baudry Alain , Gray Malcom D. , Richards Anita M. S. , Vlemmings Wouter 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe water molecule is a key ingredient in the formation of planetary systems, with the water snowline being a favourable location for the growth of massive planetary cores. Here we present Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array data of the ringed protoplanetary disk orbiting the young star HL Tauri that show centrally peaked, bright emission arising from three distinct transitions of the main water isotopologue ($${\mathrm{H}}_{2}^{16}{\mathrm{O}}$$

H

2

16

O

). The spatially and spectrally resolved water content probes gas in a thermal range down to the water sublimation temperature. Our analysis implies a stringent lower limit of 3.7 Earth oceans of water vapour available within the inner 17 astronomical units of the system. We show that our observations are limited to probing the water content in the atmosphere of the disk, due to the high dust column density and absorption, and indicate that the main water isotopologue is the best tracer to spatially resolve water vapour in protoplanetary disks.
Open datasets and code for multi-scale relations on structure, function and neuro-genetics in the human brain
Authors: Jimenez-Marin Antonio , Diez Ibai , Erramuzpe Asier , Stramaglia Sebastiano , Bonifazi Paolo , Cortes Jesus M. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe human brain is an extremely complex network of structural and functional connections that operate at multiple spatial and temporal scales. Investigating the relationship between these multi-scale connections is critical to advancing our comprehension of brain function and disorders. However, accurately predicting structural connectivity from its functional counterpart remains a challenging pursuit. One of the major impediments is the lack of public repositories that integrate structural and functional networks at diverse resolutions, in conjunction with modular transcriptomic profiles, which are essential for comprehensive biological interpretation. To mitigate this limitation, our contribution encompasses the provision of an open-access dataset consisting of derivative matrices of functional and structural connectivity across multiple scales, accompanied by code that facilitates the investigation of their interrelations. We also provide additional resources focused on neuro-genetic associations of module-level network metrics, which present promising opportunities to further advance research in the field of network neuroscience, particularly concerning brain disorders.
Characteristic functional connectome related to Post-COVID-19 syndrome
Authors: Bungenberg Julia , Hohenfeld Christian , Costa Ana S. , Heine Josephine , Schwichtenberg Katia , Hartung Tim , Franke Christiana , Binkofski Ferdinand , Schulz Jörg B. , Finke Carsten , Reetz Kathrin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPost-COVID-19 syndrome is a serious complication following SARS-CoV-2 infection, characterized primarily by fatigue and cognitive complaints. Although first metabolic and structural imaging alterations in Post-COVID-19 syndrome have been identified, their functional consequences remain unknown. Thus, we explored the impact of Post-COVID-19 syndrome on the functional connectome of the brain providing a deeper understanding of pathophysiological mechanisms. In a cross-sectional observational study, resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data of 66 patients with Post-COVID-19 syndrome after mild infection (mean age 42.3 years, 57 female) and 57 healthy controls (mean age 42.1 years, 38 female) with a mean time of seven months after acute COVID-19 were analysed using a graph theoretical approach. Network features were quantified using measures including mean distance, nodal degree, betweenness and Katz centrality, and compared between both groups. Graph measures were correlated with clinical measures quantifying fatigue, cognitive function, affective symptoms and sleep disturbances. Alterations were mainly found in the brainstem, olfactory cortex, cingulate cortex, thalamus and cerebellum on average seven months after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Additionally, strong correlations between fatigue severity, cognitive functioning and daytime sleepiness from clinical scales and graph measures were observed. Our study confirms functional relevance of brain imaging changes in Post-COVID-19 syndrome as mediating factors for persistent symptoms and improves our pathophysiological understanding.