bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oral Health and hospitalization in Western Australian children
Authors: Tennant Marc , Namjosh Deppa , Silva Desiree , Codde Jim 
Published: March 2008

AbstractOver the past 20 years, the prevalence of dental disease in Western Australian children has diminished. The causes of this significant improvement in health are associated with better care models, water fluoridation and changes in lifestyle. In this study, the authors examine the reasons for hospitalization for oral health conditions in Western Australia for the calendar year 1995 using the Health Department of WA database. A total of 3,754 episodes of care (4,395 bed days) was recorded for dental conditions. Dental caries resulted in the fifth and sixth highest number of episodes of hospitalization in preschool (1–4 years) and primary‐school age (5–12 years) children respectively. Abnormal tooth eruption resulted in the highest number of episodes of hospitalization in high‐school age (13–17 years) children. From the age‐stratified rates of hospitalization (per 1000), non‐Aboriginal children were more than twice as likely to enter hospital for dental related conditions. The primary cause of this is the 15 times higher rate of hospitalization for high‐school age non‐Aboriginal children which clearly reflects the greater use of services for impacted third molars by the metropolitan non‐Aboriginal community. Examination of the distribution by health service region revealed the hospitalization rate was significantly less than the state average for the Kimberley, Pilbara, Northern Goldfields and Wanneroo regions. These data reflect the paucity of oral health care available to residents of these regions, particularly the northwest, and does not reflect a diminished burden of disease. Similarly, the rate of hospitalization for Aboriginal children reflects population and service delivery differences particularly in regional and remote WA. These data highlight the need to develop new strategies in oral health care to target ‘at risk’ groups in the community, particularly new parents of young children. The preventive measures associated with good oral health in children are clearly aligned with those for good general health and can be integrated into existing health messages.
The effect of interocclusal appliances on temporomandibular joints as assessed by 3D reconstruction of MRI scans
Authors: Chu Sandra A. , Suvinen Tuija I. , Clement John G. , Reade Peter C. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) enables simulataneous visualization of hard and soft tissues. The aims of the present study were to computer generate three‐dimensional (3D) images, reconstructed from MRI scans of normal temporomandibular joints (TMJ), to assess the relative positions of the disc, condyle and articular surface of the temporal bone and to study the effects of two mandibular group function interocclusal appliances (IOAs). Bilateral MRI scans of 2mm slice thickness were generated for the TMJs of 12 asymptomatic subjects with the image acquisition coils orientated in a corrected oblique sagittal plane. MRI scans were generated for all subjects with 3mm interincisal distance IOAs, while a subgroup (n=4) was also scanned with a 5mm interincisal IOA in situ.. An average of 10 slices through each TMJ were generated for the closed mouth and IOA positions. Three‐dimensional reconstruction was performed on a 486 IBM compatible computer using a suite of nine programs not commercially available. Three‐dimensional images allowed visualization of composite images of joint relationships. Subjective assessment indicated that joint relations in 3D were more informative than multiple separate 2D MRI scans. With the 3mm IOA in situ, the disc was positioned posteriorly and superiorly to the condyle in three of 12 cases. In four of 12 cases the condyle, and in two of 12 cases both the disc and condyle, were positioned anteriorly and inferiorly. With the 5mm IOA changes in condyle/disc and condyle/fossa relationships were more variable. It was concluded that 3D images of TMJs enabled the assessment of the positional changes of the condyle/disc and condyle/fossa relationships as altered by IOAs. However, the role of IOAs on the internal arrangements within the TMJ remains variable and is deserving of further study.
Obstructive Sleep Apnoea: A Review of the Orofacial Implications
Authors: Sherring David , Vowles Norman , Antic Ral , Krishnan Suren , Gossa Alastair N. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractObstructive sleep apnoea is a complex multifactorial condition produced by a combination of anatomical and physiological factors. There is a significant associated mortality and morbidity to obstructive sleep apnoea.There is an at least 25 per cent increased mortality from cardiovascular disease when obstructive sleep apnoea patients are compared to age and gender matched healthy people. Obstructive sleep apnoea sufferers also have a much higher industrial and motor vehicle accident rate.Management of the condition should be undertaken by a multidisciplinary team including respiratory physicians, sleep laboratory technicians, otorhinolaryngologists, oral and maxillofacial surgeons and dental specialists. The diagnostic and therapeutic interactions of team members are the key to successful treatment. The treatment regime utilises nasal continuous positive airway pressure devices, mandibular advancement splints and soft and hard tissue surgery.This review provides the dental practitioner with an introduction to obstructive sleep apnoea with particular emphasis on the orofacial aspects.
Oral Hygiene Measures and Promotion: Review and Considerations
Authors: Choo Audrey , Delac David M. , Messer Louise Brearley 
Published: March 2008

AbstractCurrent mechanical and chemotherapeutic approaches to oral hygiene aim to modify the oral microflora to promote healthy periodontal and dental tissues. Current oral hygiene measures, appropriately used and in conjunction with regular professional care, are capable of virtually preventing caries and most periodontal disease and maintaining oral health. Toothbrushing and flossing are most commonly used, although interdental brushes and wooden sticks can offer advantages in periodontally involved dentitions. Chewing sugar‐free gums as a salivary stimulant is a promising caries‐preventive measure. Despite new products and design modifications, mechanical measures require manual dexterity and cognitive ability. Chemotherapeutic supplementation of mechanical measures using dentifrices, mouthrinses, gels and chewing gums as delivery vehicles can improve oral hygiene. The list includes anticalculus, antibacterial and cariostatic agents. For the population at large to make effective use of these oral hygiene measures, oral hygiene promotion needs to be implemented. Considerations include the role of parents, school and the media for children and the workplace, social environments, nursing homes and trained carers for adults and the elderly. Community oral hygiene promotion must attempt to maximise opportunities for oral health for all and reduce inequalities by removing financial and other barriers. Oral health approaches should be tailored to lifestyles and abilities of children, adults and the elderly in order to enable them to make decisions to improve personal oral hygiene and oral health.
The Microtensile Strength of Bonding Resins
Authors: Hogan Lucinda C. , Burrow Michael F. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractBackground: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of water on the tensile strength of three bonding resins (All Bond 2, Scotchbond Multi‐Purpose Adhesive, Clearfil LB Bond) and a low viscosity resin composite (Protect Liner F) after 1, 7, 28, 84 and 168 days of storage.Methods: Cylinders of bonding resin 2.4±0.2mm diameter and 9.5mm long were made and stored at 37d̀C for 24 hours. The specimens were milled into dumb‐bell shapes and stored in either air or water at 37d̀C. Five specimens of each material were stressed in tension after the specified storage times at a crosshead speed of 1mm/min in a testing jig attached to a universal testing machine. The mean tensile strengths of bonding resins were calculated and analysed statistically using one‐way analysis of variance, lower standard deviation and student t‐tests.Results: Comparison of the air and water samples at all test periods showed the tensile strengths of specimens stored in water were significantly less than those stored in air (P<0.001).Conclusion: The effect of water on the tensile strength of bonding resins indicated a slight decrease in strength of each material over the 168 day test period, whereas the air samples showed little change over the test period.
Studies on Dental Erosion: An in Vitro Model of Root Surface Erosion
Authors: White I. , McIntyre J. , Logan R. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractMost research on dental erosion has focused on erosion in enamel. However, the increasing retention of teeth into old age has increased the potential for root surface erosion. The nature and kinetics of root surface erosion have not yet been adequately explored.The objective of this project was to develop an in vitro model of root surface erosion in order to investigate the polarised light microscopy of controlled erosion and the histology and rate of demineralisation of this process in root cementum/dentine.The results demonstrate a process quite different in outcome from that in enamel erosion. Erosion results in loss of volume of enamel. However, it leaves a root surface softened though with little volume loss so long as the demineralised collagen remains hydrated. The polarised light histology was similar to that seen in root surface caries. The rate of erosive demineralisation of tooth roots by selected acids was investigated, with differing rates of demineralisation similar to that seen in enamel erosion observed. The process of erosion showed evidence of significant diffusion control.
Oral Health Among Vietnamese Using a Community Health Centre in Richmond, Victoria
Authors: Mariño R. , Wright FAC , Minas IH 
Published: March 2008

AbstractBackground: The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of specific oral diseases in a Vietnamese background population living in Melbourne, Australia, and to compare these findings to existing oral health data.Methods: One hundred and fifty‐eight subjects of Vietnamese background, 18 and older, participated in the study. Results: Subjects were clinically examined, in a cross‐sectional study, using standard World Health Organization criteria. The mean decayed, missing and filled surfaces scores were 27.8 (26.1). With the exception of one person, all subjects displayed clinical signs of gingivitis and 39 per cent had shallow pockets. Complex periodontal therapy was required by about 5 per cent of the sample. Comparing these findings to existing data on oral health in Melbourne, subjects in the study had lower DMFS scores, a higher number of untreated decayed surfaces and higher prevalence of gingivitis but less need for advanced periodontal treatment.Conclusions: These findings, in terms of dental caries and periodontal disease, represent a more encouraging oral health situation than that previously described in this immigrant population. Inequalities within the present sample were not reflected in the overall caries experience but were reflected in the proportion of unmet restorative needs. Further research is needed to get a clearer picture of the factors that shape the oral health of migrant Vietnamese populations and expansion of this research into other migrant groups is also necessary.
Dental Erosion: In Vitro Model of Wine Assessor's Erosion
Authors: Mok Tong Bee , McIntyre J. , Hunt D. 
Published: March 2008

Background: Wine makers and assessors frequently experience severe dental erosion. The objectives of this study were to develop an in vitro model of dental erosion caused by frequent wine contact with teeth, and to use this model to assess the effectiveness of a variety of methods which might protect against this form of erosion.Methods: An initial pilot study found that riesling style wine was more erosive than champagne style, and both more than claret. Wine tasting was simulated by subjecting exposed windows of enamel and root surfaces on 50 intact, extracted human teeth to 1400 one minute exposures to white wine (pH 3.2). A variety of dental materials were applied to the exposed windows on groups of teeth prior to erosive challenge, to assess their protective ability.Results: Protective resin coatings and fluoride varnishes protected both enamel and roots against wine induced erosion. A high degree of protection was provided by APF gel, with less by NaF gel.Conclusions: It was concluded that dentists may be able to help minimise erosion resulting from frequent wine‐tasting in their patients by the clinical application of one or a combination of these agents at times prior to prolonged assessment periods.
Intra‐Muscular Ketorolac Administered as a Supplemental Analgesic for Removal of Impacted Third Molar Teeth: A Prospective Study
Authors: Wright G. , Smith A. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractBackground: Post‐operative pain follows dentalveolar oral surgery. Ketorolac is a potent nonsteroidal analgesic with moderate anti‐inflammatory effects. The purpose of this study was to test whether a single supplementary dose of ketorolac reduced post‐operative pain experienced by patients having third molar teeth removed.Methods: A prospective double‐blind trial utilizing 30mg of ketorolac and a standard anaesthetic and surgical technique was performed on 65 female patients having impacted third molar teeth removed. Assessment was made by means of a patient questionnaire and visual analogue pain scales and subjected to statistical analysis.Results: There was a statistically significant difference confirming improved pain relief for patients receiving ketorolac 30mg at the early postoperative stage (two hours) but at later time intervals (four and six hours) there was no significant difference. Seventy two per cent of patients found ketorolac to be a satisfactory analgesic for postoperative pain. There were minimal side effects.Conclusion: A single supplemental dose of ketorolac 30mg provides improved pain relief in the immediate post‐operative phase following the removal of third molar teeth. Oral ketorolac can be recommended as a oral analgesic for post‐operative pain, with minimal side effects.
Cast post and core foundation for the badly broken down molar tooth
Authors: Bass EV 
Published: March 2008

AbstractBackground: This article addresses the difficult clinical problem of restoration of endodontically treated posterior teeth, where there is nothing left of the clinical crown.Methods: A step by step procedure, including instrumentation and materials and a new impression technique, is described in detail, with clinical photographs.Results: This technique results in the fabrication of a robust and extremely retentive post and core on which to place fixed prosthodontic restorations.Conclusions: The author has placed over 600 restorations of this type over a five year period, without any reported failures. With the |Dsgreying|DS of the population there are increased demands on dentists to restore structurally compromised teeth, and increasing expectations of the performance of these restorations. This technique is offered as a superior alternative to conventional post and core constructions methods.
A Case Report of Acute Heart Failure Caused by a Patient Delaying Taking his Diuretic Medication
Authors: Chapman PJ 
Published: March 2008

AbstractAcute heart failure is a life‐threatening medical emergency, most commonly occurring as an immediate or delayed complication of acute myocardial infarction (AMI), or resulting from severe hypertension or valvular defects (stenosis or incompetence). Occasionally it is caused by patients' non‐compliance with medication orders.In this case the patient had a history of three previous AMIs, controlled hypertension, and controlled congestive heart failure (CHF) for which he took two 40mg frusemide tablets (a very potent oral diuretic) each morning. Because he had experienced bladder discomfort during the latter stages of previous appointments he decided to delay taking the diuretic until after his appointment and acute heart failure ensued.
Impact of Opioid Use on Dentistry
Authors: Titsas A. , Ferguson MM 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe oral consequences of opioid drug use are commonly attributed to personal neglect of general health and financial constraint. These factors are compounded by the increasingly recognized range of physical effects exerted by opioid drugs. The dental management of opioid drug dependents is further complicated by a variety of infections and behavioural modifications commonly associated with opioid use. Adequate strategies for the oral care of opioid users need to take cognisance of the broad medical issues for these people along with an appropriate personal approach.
Dental Erosion Patterns from Intrinsic Acid Regurgitation and Vomiting
Authors: Valena V. , Young WG 
Published: March 2008

Background: The distribution of lesions from dental erosion due to intrinsic acid regurgitation and vomiting may be different from patterns of dental erosion due to extrinsic acids. To date studies have failed to validate this assumption. This study described the sites and nature of lesions from dental erosion in cases of intrinsic acid regurgitation, and compared them with the distribution of lesions occurring in age and sex matched controls, whose lesions are due to extrinsic acids. Methods: The University of Queensland tooth wear clinic patients were screened to select 30 cases, 21 self‐identified bulimics and nine medically diagnosed chronic gastric acid regurgitators, and 30 controls. Epoxy resin models of the subjects' dentition were examined under stereoscopic light microscope at magnification 16 to 40. The patterns and sites of tooth wear were recorded for teeth representative of 20 tooth sites in every subject. Results: While the incisal edges of maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth of acid regurgitators were more frequently affected by erosion, incisal attrition was more common on controls' teeth. Cervical lesions were more commonly found in association with incisal attrition in the controls, and in association with incisal erosion in the cases. In 10 per cent of sites in case subjects, cervical lesions associated with incisal erosion were found on the lingual aspects of their mandibular incisors, canines and premolars. These lesions were almost exclusive to the case subjects. Conclusions: These results validate that lingual cervical lesions associated with incisal erosion on the mandibular anterior teeth are strong discriminators between tooth wear in patients with bulimia nervosa or chronic gastro‐oesophageal reflux and those whose dental erosion is due to extrinsic acids.
Maintenance of Mouth Hygiene in Patients with Oral Cancer in the Immediate Post‐Operative Period
Authors: Chandu A. , Stulner C. , Bridgeman AM , Smith ACH 
Published: March 2008

AbstractBackground: Little has been written about mouth hygiene measures during the immediate postoperative phase in patients with oral cancer. Mouth hygiene not only involves the care and maintenance of the dentition and its related structures, but also the maintenance of surgical sites, reconstructive techniques such as free flaps and generally keeping the mouth clean, which may optimize healing potential and patient comfort. Ward conditions and novel methods of reconstruction require innovation and improvisation of routine methods of mouth and oral hygiene. Methods: A review of techniques of mouth hygiene used during the immediate post‐operative phase by our unit over the last nine years and a review of the literature. Results: Various methods gained from our experience in treating patients with oral cancer at the Austin and Repatriation Medical Centre are documented. Most methods involve a combination of either chlorhexidine or normal saline mouth rinses and mechanical cleaning. Conclusions: There are many different methods of mouth care in patients who have had resection for oral tumours. It is important for dental practitioners, hygienists and allied health professionals, who may be involved with care of such patients to have an understanding of the methods that are available and appropriate for such patients.
Successful Defibrillation of a Dental Patient in Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Chapman PJ , Penkeyman HW 
Published: March 2008

AbstractCardiac arrest is a very rare event in a dental patient. However, practitioners have a duty of care to their patients if ever such an event occurs. The cardiac arrest discussed in this case report occurred in an elderly person with an implanted pacemaker whilst undergoing restorative dental treatment. Cardiac arrest was diagnosed and cardiopulmonary resuscitation instituted immediately, followed within three minutes by successful defibrillation using the School's semi‐automatic defibrillator.
Tooth Development Standards for South Australia
Authors: McKenna CJ , James H. , Taylor JA , Townsend GC 
Published: March 2008

AbstractBackground: Chronological age, as recorded by registration of birth date, is referred to throughout an individual's life. This information is relevant in medical and dental practice for evaluating developmental progress, for educational purposes, and in legal matters, particularly in the application of criminal law. The absence of birth date information raises particular concerns, and estimates of chronological age are often required. Standards of dental maturation may be used to estimate age, but they have been shown to be gender and population sensitive.Methods: The revised Demirjian1 system of dental age estimation was applied to a sample of 615 South Australian children in order to assess its accuracy.Results: The results of our study have shown that the Demirjian system is of limited accuracy when used to estimate the age of South Australian children.Conclusions: Generation of new standard curves, specific to the Australian population, is indicated.
Undergraduate Student Experience in Dental Service Delivery in Rural South Australia: An Analysis of Costs and Benefits
Authors: Richards L. , Symon B. , Burrow D. , Chartier A. , Misan G. , Wilkinson D. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractBackground: Rural experience for dental students can provide valuable clinical education, change attitudes to rural practice, and make a valuable contribution to clinical service provision. The aim of this paper is to assess the costs and benefits of service delivery by students through rural training programmes.Methods: Groups of two students worked in the public dental clinics in adjacent rural centres where there had been long‐term difficulties in recruiting staff. The costs and benefits of the programme were assessed by the impact on waiting lists, the total cost per patient of a course of care and by the marginal cost of adding service provision by students to existing arrangements.Results: The total costs of emergency and complete treatment provided by students were greater than the costs of treatment provided by public‐sector dentists but less than the costs of private providers treating public patients. However, the value of services were greater when care was provided by students or private providers and the marginal cost of students providing services was 50–70 per cent of the cost of care provided by public dentists.Conclusion: This assessment suggests that the service benefits achieved compliment the primary objective of influencing the attitude of students to rural practice.