bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DIE TESTOSTERONAUSSCHEIDUNG IM HARN BEI MÄNNLICHEN INDIVIDUEN
Authors: Morer-Fargas F. , Nowakowski H. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The urinary excretion of testosterone in 59 male individuals divided in »ten years« age groups (overall range 12–82 years) was determined according to the method of Voigt et al. (1964). This method does not necessitate the use of isotopes.
Testosterone excretion increases after puberty and reaches between 25 and 35 years a mean maximum level of 70 μg/24 hours. In puberty and in adolescence mean testosterone excretion is 35 μg/24 hours, i. e. only one half of the amount present in the third decade of life. During the sixth and seventh decade testosterone excretion returns to the values of puberty and adolescence, i. e. to a mean value of 35 μg.
It is thus evident that increasing age is accompanied by a significant reduction in testosterone excretion which reflects the physiological involution of the endocrine function of the testes.
INTRAOPERATIVE GEWINNUNG MENSCHLICHER HALSLYMPHE UND PAPIERCHROMATOGRAPHISCHE BESTIMMUNG IHRES JODAMINOSÄUREGEHALTES
Authors: Eickhoff W. , Herberhold C. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
We succeeded for the first time in developing a new method to get fresh lymph fluid of the lymphatic system of the neck from living men during strumectomies. Using this method there were neither a great necessarity in apparates nor a high delay in operation.
It was possible to demonstrate by paper chromatography that there are monoiodotyrosine (MIT), tri- and tetraiodothyronine (T3 and T4), and inorganic iodine in the thyroid lymph respectively neck lymph of living men.
According to former results of the postmortem examination of thyroid lymph we believe that the lymphatic vessels of the thyroid and the neck are pathways for the transport of thyroid hormones.
DIE RENALE CLEARANCE DES ALDOSTERONS UND SEINER HAUPTMETABOLITE BEIM MENSCHEN
Authors: Gfeller J. , Siegenthaler W. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Metabolism and excretion of aldosterone in six normal persons were investigated with the renal clearance method.
At normal levels of urine flow (0.5–1.2 ml/min), the reabsorption of free aldosterone in the kidney is 90–95 %, ranging thus in the same order of magnitude as the reabsorption of cortisol.
The average clearance of the 3-oxo-conjugate exceeds renal plasma flow by 70 %. Therefore it can be assumed that free aldosterone is converted to the 3-oxo-conjugate by the kidney.
The renal clearance of the tetrahydroaldosterone glucuronide was on the average 138 % of the thiosulfate clearance or glomerular filtration rate. The concept of renal clearance properly used cannot be applied to the excretion of the metabolites of aldosterone which apparently are produced to some extent by the kidneys themselves.
STOFFWECHSEL VON 6-OXO-ÖSTRON BEIM MENSCHEN
Authors: Breuer J. A. , Breuer H. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
To each of three male subjects, 10 mg of 6-oxo-oestrone was administered intramuscularly. By various microchemical reactions the following phenolic steroids were identified in urine: 6α-hydroxyoestrone, 6β-hydroxyoestrone, 6α-hydroxy-17β-oestradiol, 6β-hydroxy-17β-oestradiol, 6-oxo-17β-oestradiol and 6-oxo-oestrone. The steroids excreted in highest amounts were 6α- and 6β-hydroxyoestrone, followed by 6α-hydroxy-17βoestradiol, 6-oxo-oestrone and 6-oxo-17β-oestradiol. Between 25 and 40 % of the injected dose of 6-oxo-oestrone were recovered in urine as 6-hydroxy- and 6-oxo compounds.
From the results obtained, it can be concluded that in man a 6α- as well as a 6β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase is present.
ENZYMATIC MODIFICATION OF BOVINE GROWTH HORMONE BY PROTEOLYTIC STREPTOMYCETE CELL EXTRACTS
Authors: Reusser Fritz 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Bovine growth hormone was subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis by several crude proteolytically active streptomycete cell extracts. These digestion mixtures were fractionated on Sephadex gel columns. With each enzyme substantial amounts of hormonal aggregational products were formed during enzymatic hydrolysis with an apparent molecular weight exceeding the one for the native hormone. Fractions obtained retained various degrees of somatotrophic, lipolytic, and immunologic activities. In the course of these investigations it became apparent that the prepared bovine growth hormone fragments had a high inorganic ion binding capacity, in particular for Na+, Mg++, and SiO3−−.
PROTECTION BY VARIOUS ANABOLIC STEROIDS AGAINST DIHYDROTACHYSTEROL INDUCED CALCINOSIS AND CATABOLISM
Authors: Selye Hans , Tuchweber Beatriz , Jacqmin Marc 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Thirty-six steroids have been examined for their ability to protect the rat against the catabolism, soft-tissue calcification and skeletal lesions normally produced by chronic dihydrotachysterol (DHT) intoxication. Among these compounds, norbolethone, SC-7294, and fluoxymesterone proved to be most efficacious in all these respects. Their anticatabolic action was almost equalled by several other anabolic steroids, but with regard to the prevention of soft-tissue calcification and skeletal lesions they were by far the most potent of the steroids tested.
The anabolic effect of the compounds examined was comparatively independent, not only of their androgenic potency, but also of their renotrophic action and their ability to prevent the DHT-induced soft-tissue calcification and skeletal lesions.
ISOLIERUNG VON OESTRON UND 17α-OESTRADIOL AUS GALLENFLÜSSIGKEIT DES NEUGEBORENEN KALBES DURCH MIKROSUBLIMATION
Authors: Rommel Peter , Zschintzsch Annelies 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The present publication is a continuation of two previous papers on the isolation of oestrone (melting-point = 257.0° C) and 17α-oestradiol (melting-point = 218.5° C) from the bile of young calves by microsublimation. A description of the method used in this work is given.
PROGNOSIS OF THE OUTCOME OF PREGNANCIES IN DIABETICS
Authors: Pedersen Jørgen , Pedersen Lars Mølsted 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
In order to improve the possibilities of predicting the outcome of pregnancy in diabetics, we analysed a consecutive series of 304 pregnancies in 263 diabetic women in the Royal Maternity Department B, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, during the 5-year period 1959-1963. The period of supervision and treatment during pregnancy varied greatly. The perinatal mortality in the 306 infants was 17.9%.
According to the results of this analysis, patients with a poor prognosis were divided into the following four groups: Pregnant women who developed (1) hyperpyretic pyelitis, (2) pre-coma or severe acidosis, (3) toxaemia, or patients who could be so described, (4) »neglectors« These four groups, and the classification, are designated PBSP (Prognostically Bad Signs during Pregnancy).
The mothers of 130 infants belonged to one or more of the four groups of PBSP, and among the infants of these mothers the perinatal mortality was 31.5% as compared with 7.9% in the group of 176 infants without PBSP during pregnancy.
The poor prognosis for the pregnancies with PBSP applies to all foetal weight groups. In addition, these pregnancies terminate in premature delivery twice as often as the others. It is demonstrated that from the prognostic point of view, nothing is gained by including hydramnios in PBSP.
The risk involved by a PBSP complication to the foetus depends on the White (1949) class in which it occurs. A combination of White's classification of pregnant diabetics with regard to foetal prognosis used together with the present classification improves the possibility of predicting the foetal prognosis in a series of pregnant diabetics which is mixed as regards the length of treatment during pregnancy.
ADMINISTRATION OF CORTISONE TO THE PREGNANT RAT. EFFECTS ON THE LYMPHOID TISSUE OF THE OFFSPRING
Authors: Angervall Lennart , Lundin Per M. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The lymphoid tissue of newborn rats from mothers treated during pregnancy by adrenalectomy or various doses of cortisone was studied morphologically. The size of the adrenal glands of the newborn was used as a morphological indicator of the amount of cortisone circulating in the foetal blood. Only the highest dose used – 4.5 mg cortisone daily to the pregnant rat from the 13th day of pregnancy to parturition significantly reduced the size of the thymus in newborn animals. Adrenalectomy induced a slight but significant hyperplasia of the thymus of the newborn. Histologically the thymus cortex appeared to be thinner after the highest dose of cortisone and thicker after adrenalectomy. This high dose of cortisone increased the size of the spleen of the newborn but no definite histological changes were observed in any of the experimental groups as compared with the spleen of the controls. It is concluded that the rat foetal lymphoid tissue is less sensitive to cortisone than that of the adult rat.
EFFECT OF CASTRATION AND OF TESTOSTERONE ON ARYLESTERASE ACTIVITY AND PROTEIN CONTENT OF BLOOD PLASMA IN MALE DOGS
Authors: Augustinsson Klas-Bertil , Henricson Bengt 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The arylesterase activity of blood plasma from newborn dogs was about 5 per cent that of normal adult activity values. After birth, the activity increased to reach adult values at the age of about four months.
Castration of three mature male dogs resulted in an increase in plasma arylesterase activity. The arylesterase fraction, seen in electropherograms of normal plasma in the pre-albumin region, was absent after castration. On electrophoresis a new protein fraction appeared after castration in the starch gel electropherograms of dog plasma. In addition, a second fraction was faintly visible in normal plasma and increased in amount after castration. Both fractions disappeared when the castrated dogs were treated with testosterone.
ON THE BIOASSAY OF THYROTROPHIN IN PLASMA
Authors: Rerup Claus , Melander Arne 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The 131I mouse blood level increase method of thyrotrophin (TSH) bioassay (McKenzie 1958) was investigated with regard to its practical efficiency and statistical validity. This method did not fulfil the requirements of a valid bioassay because of variance heterogeneity and curvilinearity of the logdose response line.
Studies on 131I elimination and thyroxine action time in mice yielded a biological half life of 131I of about 5 days, while the estimated period of action time of 20 μg of 1-thyroxine was 3 days.
The advantages of the method adopted here are briefly summarized as follows:
No pretreatment with low-iodine diet, no feeding of thyroid powder. The response metameter of choice, preferable to three others, is the log cpm-ratio which gave linearity, homoscedasticity, precision, and ease of calculation. The animals can be used from day 2 to day 6 inclusive. Small samples of blood (50 μl) and constriction pipettes are preferable to larger samples and the use of syringes: higher precision, the same accuracy and repeated use of the same animals. Cross-over design improved the index of precision from 0.23 to 0.15. Evidence on specificity: no response to plasma from hypophysectomized rats and to some other substances, high values after PTU (propyl-thiouracil) and in some clinical conditions.
The method is not sufficiently sensitive (mean threshold dose was 0.017 mU of TSH) to detect TSH levels in normal human or mouse plasma, which thus appear to be lower than 0.05 mU per ml. In normal rats, the mean plasma TSH level was 0.4 mU per ml. Elevated plasma TSH was observed in patients with myxoedema and malignant exophthalmos (highest value recorded was 0.9 mU per ml), and in rats and mice after prolonged treatment with PTU. The plasma levels in mice after PTU treatment for 5 weeks were as high as 4.9 mU per ml.
SPONTANEOUS HYPOGLYCAEMIA AND SARCOMA
Authors: Friend J. A. R. , Hales C. N. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A patient with a slow-growing fibrosarcoma of ovarian origin developed attacks of hypoglycaemia. Estimations of plasma insulin-like activity and immunoassay of plasma insulin under a variety of conditions showed no evidence of abnormal insulin secretion. In addition, the responses to glucagon, tolbutamide, and L-leucine showed no definite abnormality. Possible mechanisms for the occurrence of the hypoglycaemia are discussed.
COMPARISON OF BIOASSAY AND IMMUNOASSAY OF HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPHIN IN URINE
Authors: Borth Rudi , Ferin Michel , Menzi Annette 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
In 39 samples of pregnancy urine, the concentration of human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) was estimated biologically by the ovarian hyperaemia reaction in rats, and serologically by the passive haemagglutinationinhibition technique. The results of the bioassays varied from 3 to 150 IU/ml, those of the immunoassays from 5 to 640 IU-eq./ml, and the correlation between the two (calculated for their logarithms) accounted for only 17 per cent of the total variation (r2 = 0.169, P ≈0.01). If the biological activity were estimated from a serological result and the appropriate regression line, the fiducial interval for P = 0.05 would extend from 17 to 610 per cent of the estimate.
In a factorial experiment using three anti-HCG sera, three standard and three sensitizing preparations of HCG, the sensitivity of the serological system (expressed as the endpoint concentration in IU of HCG) varied considerably between the 27 combinations of the 3 factors, but there was no interaction between the latter.
From these data and those of other authors, it is concluded that immunoassays based on haemagglutination inhibition cannot replace bioassays in the estimation of HCG, as distinct from its hypothetical metabolites or other related antigens, unless specificity has been demonstrated. The well-documented reliability of serological pregnancy tests is, of course, not in dispute.
Attention is drawn to the fact that »statistically significant« correlation does not guarantee analytically acceptable agreement between two methods of assay.
EFFECT OF ANDROGENIC AND ANABOLIC COMPOUNDS ON PSEUDOCHOLINESTERASE ACTIVITY IN THE LIVER AND SERUM OF THE RAT
Authors: Leeuwin R. S. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Immature male and female rats have a similar basal level of pseudocholinesterase activity in the liver and serum. In male rats pseudocholinesterase activity declines sharply with the onset of sexual maturity, between the fourth and the fifth week, after which it remains more or less constant.
In female rats, also coinciding with the onset of sexual development, the activity starts to rise between five and six weeks and then increases gradually up to twenty weeks.
Castration of male rats results in an increase of the enzyme activity to the basal level, whereas subsequent injection of testosterone-propionate brings about a fall to the level found in adult male rats.
Three androgenic/anabolic steroids were compared for their effects on pseudocholinesterase activities in liver and serum of male castrates, viz. testosterone-propionate, testosterone-phenyl-propionate and nor-testosterone-phenyl-propionate, the latter known to possess a relatively high anabolic potency. This was confirmed in our experiments by direct protein determinations in liver and serum and by levator ani muscle/seminal vesicle ratios. At a dose of 1 mg daily for ten days, the former two substances had a similar considerable effect on pseudocholinesterase activity, whereas the effect of the nor-derivative was much smaller.
A response similar to that of one milligram of testosterone-propionate was only obtained with 4 mg of the nor-derivative. At that dose level the androgenic effect of the nor-derivative on the seminal vesicles is somewhat less than that of 1 mg testosterone-propionate daily.
It is concluded that the cholinesterase activity lowering effect of the compounds investigated is correlated with their androgenic rather than with their anabolic potencies.
DIE PROGESTERON-BIOSYNTHESE IN GEWEBSSCHNITTEN VON RINDEROVARIEN IM VERLAUF DES ZYKLUS
Authors: Lisse K. , Schürenkämper P. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The in vitro-synthesis of progesterone from pregn-5-en-3β-ol-20-one by bovine ovarian slices was studied in the right and in the left ovaries and in the several phases of the bovine oestrous cycle. The level of the progesterone synthesis in vitro was found to increase with increasing maturity of the Graafian follicle. In our studies there appears to be a correlation between the level of the progesterone synthesis in vitro of the right and the level of the left ovary.
The results, obtained with the thin-layer-chromatography, indicate that this method appears suitable for the estimation of progesterone and pregnenolone.
STUDIES ON THE MECHANISM OF NIDATION. XVII. HISTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF DECIDUALIZATION IN THE RAT
Authors: Lobel Bertha L. , Tic Liliane , Shelesnyak M. C. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Histochemical observations on the activities of adenosinetriphosphatase, alkaline and phosphatases and on RNA, glycogen and lipids were made on uteri of pseudopregnant rats following induction of decidualization by both physiological and traumatic means. Following both types of stimulation, the decidual cell reaction commenced in foci characterized by high levels of adenosinetriphosphatase and alkaline phosphatase activities. Accumulations of RNA also occurred early in foci of decidualization. The pronounced enzymic changes taking place in the uterus shortly after the application of the inducing stimulus, are proposed as early criteria for successful induction of decidualization, particularly in the case of »physiological induction«.
UPTAKE OF RADIOACTIVE OESTRADIOL IN SOME ORGANS OF IMMATURE MICE.
Authors: Terenius Lars 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The uptake of radioactivity in some organs after the injection of oestradiol-3H to immature mice has been studied. The uterus and vagina contained more radioactivity per unit wet weight than skeletal muscle, for at least 15 hours. The uptake in the uterus and vagina could be inhibited by carrier oestradiol at a dose level of about 0.3 μg. Oestradiol accumulated by the uterus and vagina could not be easily displaced by a second injection of oestradiol. Oestrogen-stimulated uteri and vaginae retained their capacity to take up oestradiol. The structure specificity of the uptake was demonstrated by the two 17-OH isomers of oestradiol. 17β-oestradiol was more uterotrophic than the 17α-isomer and the 17β-isomer was also a stronger inhibitor of 17β-oestradiol-3H uptake in uterus and vagina than the 17α-isomer. This indicates a relationship between uptake in the target organs and oestrogenic activity. Progesterone and cortisol given before oestradiol-3H did not depress the uptake of radioactivity. Testosterone if anything stimulated the uptake. The uptake in liver and muscle was essentially not inhibited.
UNTERSUCHUNGEN ÜBER DEN STOFFWECHSEL VON 17α-HYDROXY-19-NOR-PROGESTERON-CAPRONAT BEIM MENSCHEN IN VIVO UND VON 17α-HYDROXY-19-NOR-PROGESTERON BEI DER RATTE IN VITRO
Authors: Breuer H. , Lisboa B. P. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The effect of a single intramuscular injection of 300 mg of 17α-hydroxy-19-nor-progesterone caproate on the urinary excretion of oestrogens, 17-ketosteroids, 17-hydroxycorticosteroids and the »pregnanetriol«-fraction has been studied in two pregnant patients and in two postmenopausal patients. In one postmenopausal patient, small and irregular increases in the excretion of oestrogens, 17-hydroxycorticosteroids and »pregnanetriol«-fraction were observed; in one pregnant patient, there was also an increase in the excretion of oestrone and 17β-oestradiol. Apart from these instances, the excretion of the steroid fractions investigated remained unchanged after administration of 17α-hydroxy-19-nor-progesterone caproate. In addition to a 19-nor-pregnanetriol isomer, a 19-nor-pregnanediol-20-one was found as main metabolite in the »pregnanetriol«-fraction.
In comparative studies, the metabolism of 17α-hydroxyprogesterone and 17α-hydroxy-19-nor-progesterone was investigated, using the cytoplasmic and microsomal fractions of rat liver as enzyme preparations. With NADPH2 as cofactor the two steroids yielded predominantly ring A saturated compounds, whereas with NADH2 only 20α- and 20β-hydroxysteroids were formed. After incubation of 17α-hydroxyprogesterone with the microsomal and/or cytoplasmic fractions, the following metabolites were identified: 17α-hydroxy-5α-pregnane-3,20-dione; 17α,20β-dihydroxy-pregn-4-en-3-one; 17α,20α-dihydroxy-pregn-4-en-3-one; 3β,17α-dihydroxy-5α-pregnan-20-one; 3β,17α-dihydroxy-5β-pregnan-20-one; 3α, 17α-dihydroxy-5β-pregnan-20-one. After incubation of 17α-hydroxy-19-nor-progesterone the following metabolites were characterized: 17α-hydroxy-19-nor-5α-pregnane-3,20-dione; 17α,20β-dihydroxy-19-nor-pregn4-en-3-one; 17α,20α-dihydroxy-19-nor-pregn-4-en-3-one; 3β,17α-dihydroxy-19-nor-5α-pregnan-20-one; 3α,17α-dihydroxy-19-nor-5β-pregnan-20-one. These results shows that no qualitative differences exist in the metabolism of 17α-hydroxyprogesterone and 17α-hydroxy-19-nor-progesterone.
STEROID HORMONE FORMATION BY THE RAT OVARY.
Authors: Rice Bernard F. , Segaloff Albert 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Ovaries were transplanted to the spleens of castrate male rats. After 120 days, slices of ovarian tissue, composed predominantly of corpora lutea, were incubated in Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate medium containing 50 μc acetate-1-14C. Radioactive steroid formation was assessed quantitatively by reverse isotope dilution. The formation of radioactive progesterone and 20α-hydroxy-pregn-4-en-3-one was established. The formation of radioactive 3β-hydroxy-pregn-5-en-20-one, androst-4-ene-3,17-dione, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, testosterone, oestrone and 17β-oestradiol could not be established. It appears that the corpus luteum of the rat, induced by endogenous gonadotrophins, forms only progestins from acetate-1-14C. Contrary to results previously obtained with ovarian tissue transplanted to female rats, radioactive steroid formation in vitro appeared to be augmented by luteinizing hormone (NIH-LH-S1) added to the incubation flasks. Administration of human chorionic gonadotrophin (200 IU/day) for 5 days prior to autopsy did not enhance acetate-1-14C incorporation in vitro.
HORMONE ASSAY STUDIES IN PATIENTS WITH ANOREXIA NERVOSA
Authors: Bell E. T. , Harkness R. A. , Loraine J. A. , Russell G. F. M. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Serial studies of endocrine function have been performed in four female patients and one male patient with anorexia nervosa during treatment by refeeding. None of the females menstruated or ovulated at any stage of the investigation. Hormone assay changes were most marked in severely ill patients.
Refeeding produced an increase in human pituitary gonadotrophin (HPG) output in two patients in whom pretreatment levels were below or at the lower end of the normal range.
In these two subjects a rise in HPG levels during refeeding was associated with an increase in the output of 17-hydroxycorticosteroids and 17-oxosteroids. In the remaining three patients the effect of this treatment on the excretion of these hormones was less marked. Excretion values for dehydroepiandrosterone increased during refeeding in three subjects.
In the females the relative proportions of oestriol, oestrone and oestradiol in urine were altered by refeeding, proportionally more oestriol being excreted.