bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Studies on Fused Iron Catalyst for Alcohol Synthesis by Hydrogenation of Carbon Monoxide. III. Function of Copper in the Catalyst
Authors: Uchida Hiroshi , Ichinokawa Hideo , Ogawa Kiyoshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Among the fused iron catalysts for the syntheses from water-gas, those containing Al2O3 and K2O as principal promoters behaved differently from those containing SiO2, MgO, and K2O as such. With the former, it was well known that the products rich in oxygenates were obtained when the synthesis could be carried out at low temperatures. In the present study, an addition of copper has proved to bring about an increase in oxygenates with a simultaneous decrease of the activity. A marked effect of copper on the yield of alcohols has already been realized at the addition of 0.25% of CuO into the catalyst, while no further remarkable effect has been easily observed with its increasing amounts. The observations of microscopic structures, such as the area, the chemisorption of CO2, and CO showed also considerable changes at this amount of addition. An excess amount of copper is liable to segregate along the grain boundaries and hence seems to contribute little for the promotion.
By the addition of Al2O3 together with SiO2 besides the usual promoters such as CaO, K2O etc., a catalyst of the high activity, though of short durability, was obtained. In the product obtained with this catalyst at low temperatures, oxygenates have been extremely small, while those obtained by the additional operation at higher temperature are greater in amount.
A particular promoting action, quite different from that of Al2O3, has been ascribed, to SiO2.
Chemical Studies on Charoninsulfuric Acid
Authors: Egami Fujio , Asahi Tadashi , Takahashi Noriko , Suzuki Sakaru , Shikata Shogo , Nisizawa Kazutosi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
We have obtained charoninsulfuric acid free from glycogen (or similar glucans) and confirmed that it is a mixture of glucan polysulfates with different sulfur contents. The desulfated product (charonin) was decomposed by Schweitzer’s reagent into two parts, Fractions A and B. From Fraction A, which is insoluble in water and gives a blue color reaction with I2-KI-H2SO4, glucose (after hydrolysis by sulfuric acid), cellobiose (after hydrolysis by Irpex-cellulase) and octaacetylcellobiose (after acetolysis) were obtained. From Fraction B, which is soluble in water and gives a red iodine reaction, glucose, cellobiose and maltose (after hydrolysis by amylases) were obtained. This fraction consumed periodate as expected from 1,4′-glucoside glucan. From these results, this glucan (charonin) may be regarded as having both cellulose and amylose structure. Moreover it was found by analysis of various charoninsulfuric acids that a close relation existed between the sulfur content of charoninsulfuric acid and the constitution of glucan, i.e. the less the sulfur content was, the less was the cellulose structure.
Hydrogen Bonding Effect on the Fluorescence of π-Electron System
Authors: Mataga Noboru , Kaifu Yozo , Koizumi Masao 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
1. The absorption and fluorescence spectra of α-, β- naphthols and related compounds were measured in various mixed solvents in connection with the hydrogen bonding phenomena. The observed spectral shifts of absorption and fluorescence spectra, which were almost the same (∼30 Å), could be solely attributed to the hydrogen bonding effect.
2. It was found that the fluorescence intensity becoms stronger by hydrogen bonding when dioxane and acetic acid esters other than ethylchloroacetate are used as the proton acceptors. In the case of β-naphthol, it was established that the rate of inner quenching is decreased by hydrogen bonding. When ethylchloroacetate was used as a proton acceptor, fluorescence quenching was observed, which is also to be attributed to hydrogen bonding.
3. For β-naphthol, the measurement of the relative intensity established the fact that a new and different equilibrium state of hydrogen bonding, which shifts somewhat toward association, is reached during the life time of the excited state.
4. The mechanism of hydrogen bonding was discussed on the basis of the theory of electron migration, and it was concluded that the observed extra-stabilization of the hydrogen bond in the excited state as compared to the ground state, is mainly due to the increase of electron migration in the former state.
Theoretical Analysis of Polarographic Waves. II. Reduction of Complex Metal Ions
Authors: Matsuda Hiroaki , Ayabe Yuzo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Under the assumption that the electrolytic reduction of the complex metal ions at the dropping mercury electrode follows the mechanism expressed by Eqs. (3) and (4), the general expression of the current-voltage curve has been derived by solving the corresponding diffusion problem with the same accuracy as the Ilkovic equation, and the special two cases corresponding to the reversible and irreversible electron transfer process have been discussed in some detail. Moreover, as an example of the application of the present theory, the irreversible reduction of the ammonia-nickel complex ion has been analysed by the aid of the experimental data given by K. Morinaga. A fairly good agreement between the experimental data and the theoretical results has been obtained, and it has been found that the species Ni(NH3)2++ participates in the electron transfer process with the forward rate constant equal to 10−16.8 cm./sec. and the transfer coefficient equal to 0.71.
The Structure of Surface-denatured Protein. VII. The Activity and the Shape of the Surface-denatured Pepsin Molecule
Authors: Imahori Kazutomo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
(1) The molecular weight, the size and the shape of the pepsin molecule on the substrates of pH 2 and 3 were determined. The molecule on the substrate of pH 3 (its isoelectric point) was of rather a round shape, but the molecule on pH 2 had a far more elongated shape.
(2) The enzymatic activity of the surfacedenatured pepsin molecule on the solutions of various pHs was determined. The roundshaped molecule on the substrate of pH 3 was the most active, but the elongated molecule on pH 2 retained less activity.
Study on ZnO-Cr2O3 Catalyst. I Electrical Conductivity of Zinc Oxide in Oxygen and Hydrogen
Authors: Uchida Hiroshi , Ogino Yoshisada 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
With the evacuated zinc oxide, there has been found, in an intermediate range of temperatures from 100° to 500°C, a linear relation between log R and 1/T, from which an activation energy of 0.025 eV. has been evaluated.
From the results of the measurement of adsorption a molecular adsorption and an adsorption with dissociation seemed to take place on the evacuated oxide at an earlier and a subsequent stage of oxygen adsorption respectively. The more detailed results from the conductivity measurements revealed that the adsorption with dissociation took place consecutively in the earlier stage in which the molecular adsorption was predominant.
At temperatures below 200°C, the conductivity decreases accompanied by hydrogen adsorption, while it increases at higher temperatures. The adsorption kinetics as the rate of change of the conductivity is given by expressions similar to those in the oxygen adsorption.
The adsorption of oxygen as well as hydrogen accompanied by the conductivity decrease may be explained in terms of two different kinds of sites, on which the molecular adsorption and the adsorption with dissociation take place respectively. The interstitial zinc atom pair suggested by P. H. Miller being employed for the site of the latter adsorption, a quantitative interpretation is available for the rate and the equilibrium of the adsorption associating with the conductivity.
Studies on the Cooking Mechanism of Wood. XV. Mannich Reaction on Lignin Model Compounds and the Estimation of the Amount of the Simple Guaiacyl Nucleus in Thiolignin
Authors: Mikawa Hiroshi , Sato Koichiro , Takasaki Chizuko , Ebisawa Kiyo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Mannich reactions on many lignin model compounds revealed that 1) model compounds of type (I) give without exception Mannich base with substituent at fifth position in very high yield, 2) those of type (II) do not react, 3) carboxyl group having phenolic hydroxyl group to its para position is split off as carbon dioxide and dimethylaminomethyl group is introduced to the same position, 4) methylol group having phenolic hydroxyl group to its para position reacts with dimethylamine resulting in the formation of dimethylaminomethyl group at the same position, 5) other groups remain intact even when phenolic hydroxyl group exists in para position, and 6) no reaction occurs when the phenolic hydroxyl group is etherified.
By applying the Mannich reaction with dimethylamine on thiolignin, it has been concluded that about 25–40% of the phenolic hydroxyl group of thiolignin belongs to the simple guaiacol nucleus of type (I) having no C–C bond at its fifth position, admitting some uncertainty concerning the amount of carboxyl group having free phenolic hydroxyl group in its para position.
Studies on the Cooking Mechanism of Wood. XVI. On the Mechanism of Kraft Cooking
Authors: Mikawa Hiroshi , Sato Koichiro , Takasaki Chizuko , Ebisawa Kiyo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
1. Hydrogen sulphide cooking of α-guaiacyl propanol (VI) gave bis(1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1-propyl) monosulphide (VIII) and disulphide (VII).
2. Vanillyl monosulphide was decomposed with alkali at 130°. Vanillin, vanillyl alcohol and the secondary products from vanillyl alcohol were identified.
3. The mechanism of the kraft cooking process was discussed and a new mechanism was proposed.
Absorption Spectra of Co(III) Complexes. II. Redetermination of the Spectrochemical Series
Authors: Shimura Yoichi , Tsuchida Ryutaro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The visible and ultra-violet absorption spectra of many cobaltic ammine, oxalato, carbonato and amino-acido complexes have been determined in solution.
The spectrochemical series for the ligands of Co(III) complexes has been redetermined.
Cyanoethylation of Trichlorosilane. II. α-Addition
Authors: Nozakura Shunichi , Konotsune Shiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Contrary to the case of β-cyanoethylation, α-cyanoethylation of trichlorosilane was found to take place in an autoclave in the presence of either pyridine or platinized asbestos.
In the reactions in sealed glass tubes, on the other hand, stainless steel and pyridine, mono- and tetrapyridine nickel chloride, and nickel chloride pyridine hydrochloride complex were effective for the α-addition. An ionic mechanism was suggested for the α-cyanoethylation.
The structural proof of α-cyanoethyltri-chlorosilane was given from the comparison of the physical constants and chemical behaviour of it to those of the β-isomer. α- Cyanoethyl-triethoxysilane and -trimethyl- Silane were prepared from α-cyanoethyl-trichlorosilane and characterised.
The State of Metal Ion in Aqueous Solutions and its Surface Chemical Effect. II. Uptake of Metal Ions from Aqueous Solutions by Stearic Acid Monolayer
Authors: Sasaki Tunetaka , Muramatsu Mitsuo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
It has been attempted to determine the binding ratio of strontium and cobalt atoms in the monolayer of stearic acid spread on aqueous strontium and cobalt solutions, respectively, containing radioactive cations.
The number of strontium atoms bound to one molecule of stearic acid increased with increasing pH of substrate solution as well as concentration of strontium ion in it. Tentative explanation was made by assuming interaction between strontium and stearate ions. A theoretical formula based on ioniza-tions of stearic acid, strontium hydroxide, and strontium stearate proved to support the validity of this presumption.
A similar explanation was also made for interaction between monolayer of stearic acid and substrate solution containing cobaltous chloride of pH less than 6.5, where the monolayer showed no expansion but rather a small condensation, while the number of bound Co atoms per one molecule of stearic acid increased with increasing pH up to 0.5. At pH 7–9, remarkably expanded and compressible films were obtained and the binding ratio reached a maximum value of unity. Films thus formed were considered to consist of stearate ions and polymer ions of cobalt which may exist as aggregates in the solution. Co-existing ammonia used as a pH-adjusting agent of the solution of cobaltous chloride resulted in exaggeration of these effects. It might be attributed to co-ordination of ammonia molecules towards Co atoms.
Geochemical Investigations of Volcanoes in Japan. XXXII Residual Magmatic Waters in Cavities of Trachyandesitic Basalt in Imari District, Saga Prefecture, Japan
Authors: Iwasaki Iwaji , Kokubu Nobuhide , Katsura Takashi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
1) The nature of the residual magmatic waters in the cavities of the trachyandesitic basalt in Imari district is described with the nature of their mother rocks and druse minerals.
2) From the definition of the real magmatic state, temperature, and chemical properties of many kinds of magmatic waters are discussed, and the residual magmatic waters are distinguished from the magmatic waters derived directly from lava lakes. It is concluded that the magmatic waters are not always juvenile.
3) The formation of the various kinds of the primary hot springs are discussed from the definition of hot springs and the various kinds of the magmatic waters.
4) Chemical nature of the primary hydrosphere and the primary atmosphere in the initial stage of their formation are discussed from the chemical properties of the magmatic waters and volcanic gases.
5) The important properties of the magmatic substances in the cavities of the volcanic rocks are discussed from the standpoint of the distribution of the magmatic substances in the cavities.
Detection of 103mRh in the “ Bikini Ashes ”
Authors: Kimura Kenjiro , Ikeda Nagao , Yoshihara Kenji 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
103mRh having very short half-life (57 m) and very low energy in electron conversion (0.034 MeV) was searched for and detected in the “ Bikini Ashes”. It was separated from the ashes by the method using the cation exchange resin, Dowex-50, and its activity was measured by the 2π Q-gas flow counter.
The radionuclides detected in the ashes are briefly summarized in a table.
Infrared Spectra of Charoninsulfuric Acid, Chondroitinsulfuric Acid, and Some Related Polysaccharides
Authors: Nakanishi Koji , Takahashi Noriko , Egami Fujio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The infrared spectra of charoninsulfuric acid and related carbohydrates have been measured and the results support previous chemical evidences. The work has been ex-tended to a few polysaccharide sulfates, and a tentative assumption as to the distribution of sulfate groups within the polysaccharide chain is Presented.
Chondroitinsufuric acid from shark cartilage has been shown to be identical with the Chondroitinsulfuric acid from bovine nuclei pulposi; a comment on the 820 cm−1 sulfate band is made.
Introduction of Side Chains into Polyglycine Dispersed on Solid Surface. I
Authors: Akabori Shiro , Okawa Kenji , Sato Mikio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
1) Polyglycine dispersed on the surface of kaolinite was prepared by the polycondensation of N-carboxylic anhydride or glycine ester on kaolinite.
2) It was concluded that a part of glycyl residues in polyglycine dispersed on kaolinite
was easily converted to seryl or threonyl residues by the condensation with formaldehyde or acetaldehyde.
3) The condensation occurred not only at amino terminal glycyl residues but also at non-terminal glycyl residues.
Addition of Trichlorosilane to Acetylene and to Vinyltrichlorosilane
Authors: Nozakura Shunichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The addition reactions of trichlorosilane and acetylene in an autoclave were carried out in the presence of platinized asbestos or of pyridine. In the case of the former catalyst, 1,2-di(trichlorosilyl)ethane was obtained exclusively. In the case of the latter, on the other hand, the principal product proved to be a mixture of 1,2- and 1, 1-di(trichlorosilyl)-ethane.
The addition of trichlorosilane to vinyltri-chlorosilane in the presence of tetrapyridine nickel(II) chloride in glass tubes also led to the formation of a mixture of two isomers. Therefore, it might be considered that the reaction processes in the autoclave in the presence of pyridine was reproduced by the reactions in glass tubes. This situation seems to be analogous to that in the case of cyanoethylation of trichlorosilane which was previously reported.
Notes on the Geochemistry of Germanium
Authors: Onishi Hiroshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Chondrites have uniform germanium contents: the average of 18 samples is 10.6 ppm. Ge, with the range 9.0–12.4 ppm.
The common igneous rocks do not differ greatly in germanium content as shown by the averages: granitic rocks 1.3 ppm., intermediate rocks 1.5 ppm., basalts and diabases 1.3 ppm., gabbros 1.2 ppm., and ultramafic rocks 1.0 ppm. The average for the lithosphere or the crustal rocks may be taken as 1.5±0.5 ppm. Ge.
Shales contain 2 ppm. Ge. Oceanic red clay also contains the similar amount. The germanium content of sedimentary materials seems to be somewhat higher than that of igneous rocks because of the possible escape of germanium in hydrothermal and volcanic emanations.
Lateral Order Distribution of Native Cellulose
Authors: Tsuda Yoshizo , Mukoyama Sadataka 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
To obtain the lateral order distribution of native cellulose fibers the fractional dissolution method, the D.P. method and the moisture regain method were adopted. Among these three methods the fractional dissolution method gives the most correct distribution. The other methods give somewhat different distribution curves, the meanings of which were discussed. The structural difference between wood pulp and linters pulp is due to the difference in the degrees of perfection of crystalline regions, whereas no difference between sulfate pulp and sulfite pulp is observed in their crystalline regions.
One might conclude that the fractional dissolution method is the best method to obtain the lateral order distribution inboth native and regenerated cellulose fibers.
Exchange Reaction between Deuterium and Ammonia on Synthetic Ammonia Catalysts Promoted Singly, Doubly, and Triply
Authors: Uchida Hiroshi , Todo Naoyuki 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The tendencies observed of the experimental rate (γ) in the exchange reaction are represented by the following equation
γ=kp_D_2^1/2(1+ap_NH_3).
In the equation a is the equilibrium adsorption constant in Langmuir’s isotherm. The value of a varies according to both the reaction temperature and the promoter composition which causes different extents of the covering by potash on the surface after reduction.
The apparent activation energies in the exchange reaction are in a range of 15.3 to 12.8 kcal./mol. and the energy for the singly promoted catalyst is remakably smaller than the others. Whereas the energies for the doubly promoted and triply promoted catalysts persisted unchanged independently of the varying initial pressures of ammonia, the one for the singly promoted catalyst tended to decrease with the increasing initial pressure of ammonia.
The comparison of the rate in the exchange reaction with the one in ammonia synthesis, both being based on a definite extent of iron surface, reveals no parallel relation existing between them, namely the catalyst (the singly promoted catalyst) having the highest activity in the exchange reaction has a very low activity for the ammonia synthesis.
Magnetic Susceptibility of Erythrocruorin from the Blood of an Ark-Shell
Authors: Kubo Masaji , Kobayashi Takehiro , Kishita Michihiko 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The magnetic susceptibility of an aqueous solution of erythrocruorin from an ark-shell known as Anadara inflata (Reeve) was measured by a Gouy magnetic balance at 15°C in deoxygenated and in oxygenated state. On the plausible assumption that oxygenated erythrocruorin contains no unpaired electrons, the magnetic moment per one iron atom of this respiratory pigment in deoxygenated state was calculated to be equal to 4.96 Bohr magnetons. This corresponds closely to the presence of four unpaired electrons per heme and to almost complete quenching of orbital moments. For this reason, the erythrocruorin bears a remarkable resemblance to hemoglobins of vertebrates in so far as its magnetic properties are concerned.
Synthesis of Polycysteine
Authors: Sakakibara Shumpei , Tani Hisaya 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The synthesis of polycysteine via S-thiophenyl-l-cysteine was described. S-thiophenyl-l-cysteine was prepared from benzenesulfenyl chloride and l-cysteine hydrochloride in absolute alcohol and its chemical properties were studied. This amino acid was polymerized by the N-carboxy anhydride method in ethyl thioglycolate containing an active sulfhydryl group, and it was confirmed by the studies of infrared spectra of these substances that the resultant polymer was polycysteine contaminated with diketopipera-zine. Pure polycysteine was isolated by treating this polymer with thioglycolic acid and methanol. The benzoyl derivative and ethylester hydrochloride of S-thiophenyl-l-cysteine were prepared.
Studies on the Synthesis of Massoi-lactone and its Homologues. Part II. Synthesis of Nonyn-1-ol-4-carboxylic acid-1-lactone (Massoi-lactone)
Authors: Abe Shigehiro , Sato Kikumasa 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The Massoi-lactone (nonyn-1-ol-4-carboxylic acid-1-lactone), the main component of the essential oil of Massoi-bark was synthesized from n-hexanal and propargyl bromide.
Reaction of Hydrogen Peroxide with Titanium (IV) at Different pH Values
Authors: Mori Motoshichi , Shibata Muraji , Kyuno Eishin , Ito Syu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Reaction of hydrogen peroxide with titanium(IV) has been investigated over the range of pH 0 to 13. Below pH 2 this reaction gives orange-colored ion-species, [Ti(OH)2(H2O)(H2O2)]2+ or (TiO2·-aq)2+. In the range of pH 3 to 6 formation of a yellow species is observed and its chemical formula is presumed to be [Ti(OH)3(H2O2)]+. Existence of a species different from the above is indicated by the pale yellow color observed in the region of pH 7 to 9. This species is very unstable unless a large excess of hydrogen peroxide is present, and its chemical formula is presumed to be [Ti(OH)3(OOH)]0. At higher pH values (10&lt;pH), the reaction mixture is colorless, and presumably contains [Ti(OH)2(O2)2]2−. All the tentative formulae of these species are based on the composition of isolated salts, the absorption spectra of the solutions etc. A solution containing [Ti(OH)2(H2O)(H2O2)]2+ remains unchanged but a solution containing [Ti(OH)3(H2O2)]+ gives a yellow precipitate TiO(OH)(OOH), and one containing [Ti(OH)3(OOH)]0 or [Ti(OH)2(O2)2]2− gives a pale yellow compound (Remark: Graphics omitted.) at room temperature or more quickly when heated on a water-bath. The precipitation reaction of (Remark: Graphics omitted.) is taken advantage of in a new volumetric analysis suited for determination of titanium in quantities of the order of 10 mg.