bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long-term results of bilateral stapedectomy
Authors: Faye-Lund H. , Stangeland Nils , Røhrt Thor 
Published: November 2007

SummaryBilateral stapedectomy was performed in 122 cases of bilateral otosclerosis at Ulleval Hospital between 1960 and 1978. Ninety-six patients (192 ears), or 79 per cent, were re-examined in 1980. The long-term results showed that the air/bone gap was closed to within 10 db. in 142 ears (74 per cent). Twenty-four patients (25 per cent) used a hearing aid at the time of the examination, mainly because of presbyacusis.Deafness or serious sensori-neural loss ascribed to the operation was found in 21 ears (11 per cent). Immediate deafness occurred in three ears (1.5 per cent), and in seven ears (3.7 percent) the patient became deaf later. Eleven ears (5.8 per cent) had marked sensori-neural losses, but with some speech comprehension. None of the patients had bilateral deafness, but one patient was deaf in one ear, with a sensori-neural loss of 80 db. in the other.Eleven patients (13 ears) who had undergone previous stapediolysis or crurotomy, were treated as a separate group, and their results were compared with those obtained in the other patients.We have also tried to find out if there is any difference between the long-term results of surgery in the first and in the second ear.
Nasal Polyps
Authors: Drake-Lee A. B. , Barker T. H. W. , Thurley K. W. 
Published: November 2007

(1) SummaryNasal polyps are grossly oedematous tissue which has undergone considerable shrinkage when processed for scanning electron microscopy (SEM), converting the normally smooth surface into one with undulations. This shrinkage resulted in variable degrees of loss of the surface epithelium and thus gave rise to artifact. In its severest form, the entire surface epithelium was removed and the basement membrane exposed; lesser damage resulted in exposure of the basal cells, giving the previously described ‘cobblestone’ appearance. When the epithelium was intact, it was typical respiratory in type.
Inverted papilloma of the nose
Authors: Majumdar B. , Beck S. 
Published: November 2007

SummaryA study of 43 cases of inverted papilloma of the nose has been made. These cases, arising from a moderately well-defined geographical area, were seen between 1955 and 1980. A detailed clinical and histological review was made in each case. No correlation has been found between any of the variable histological features and the potential of a particular popilloma to recur. The overall incidence of transformation to carcinoma is low, even after multiple recurrences. The findings suggests that there may be an extrinsic factor contributing to the causation of these tumours.
Otolaryngological complications in infectious mononucleosis
Authors: Johnsen T. , Katholm M. , Stangerup S.-E. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractOtolaryngological complications occurred in 5 per cent of 467 patients with infectious mononucleosis admitted consecutively to the ENT-department during the period 1 April 1969 to 30 June 1981. Four patients had peritonsillar abscess and five patients developed potentially lethal obstruction of the upper airway. Such complications require intervention and, as the latter condition probably is the most frequent fatal complication of IM, we find it important that patients with even slight respiratory embarassment in infectious mononucleosis should be observed and treated in an ENT-department.
Choanal Atresia
Authors: Strome Marshall , Hengerer Arthus S. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractTaking cognizance of the embryology and newer diagnostic techniques, the trans-palatal route is strongly recommended as the optimal surgical procedure for the management of choanal atresia. It should be performed as soon as general anesthesia can be safely administered. In selected instances, but particularly when a patient is at increased surgical risk, necessitating surgical brevity, the endonasal puncture technique should be considered as the initial procedure. Parents must be appraised of the potential for subsequent growth deficiencies, mental retardation, and crossbite.
Serum immunoglobulins in patients with chronic tonsillitis
Authors: Lal Harbans , Sachdeva O. P. , Mehta H. R. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractSerum immunoglobulin (IgG, IgA and IgM) levels were determined in patients with chronic tonsillitis before and one month after tonsillectomy. The preoperative levels of serum IgG, IgA and IgM were significantly higher when compared with the controls. The increase may be due to repeated antigenic stimulation. The post-operative levels for the three immunoglobulins were decreased; however, a significant reduction was observed for IgG only where the mean value was comparable with the control group. The data confirm that tonsillectomy does not disturb the humoral immune system of the body.
Effects of amiloride on the endolymphatic sac
Authors: Takumida M. , Bagger-Sjöbäck D. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe effect of amiloride on the murine endolymphatic sac was investigated. The amiloride caused collapse of the lateral intercellular spaces in the endolymphatic sac epithelium and a subsequent mild endolymphatic hydrops. These changes indicated a decreased absorption of endolymph in the endolymphatic sac. Amiloride is known to inhibit the transcellular fluid transport without inducing any changes in the paracellular fluid transport. It is therefore suggested that amiloride specially inhibits the fluid and ion exchange in the apical portion of the epithelial cells resulting a decrease in transcellular fluid transport across the endolymphatic sac epithelium. The transcellular fluid transport seems to be one of the main mechanisms in the endolymphatic sac fluid exchange system.
Subtotal laryngectomy with myomucosal shunt
Authors: Chandrachud H. R. , Chaurasia M. K. , Sinha K. P. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThis is a modified subtotal laryngectomy. On the tumour-free side of the larynx, some posterior structures, with their neurovascular supply are preserved. The endolaryngeal mucosa is tubed in continuity with the trachea below and projects into the pharynx above. Thus a myomucosal shunt is formed. Air is directed into it by finger occlusion of the tracheal stoma.The voice production is highly satisfactory. Aspiration is prevented by constriction of the thyroarytenoid muscle which provides a valved upper end of the tube.The possibility of leaving tumour in the laryngeal remnant is eliminated by careful selection of patients, and re-confirmation of tumour extent intra-operatively and a frozen section.Eleven such operations have been performed since October 1983 for squamous cell carcinoma, some previously irradiated. None of the patients had local recurrence. Only one had an aspiration problem which later resolved. All acquired a satisfactory voice
Neuroendocrine carcinoma of the lip (Merkel Cell tumour) examined by electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry
Authors: Boysen M. , Wetteland P. , Hovig T. , Brandtzaeg P. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractA definite diagnosis of neuroendocrine carcinoma of the skin is seldom made on initial histological examination; the tumour is usually reported as a poorly differentiated or anaplastic carcinoma. By applying electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry, a correct diagnosis can be made. The ultrastructural examination shows dense-core membrane-bound granules, intermediate perinuclear filaments and desmosome-like junctions. Immunohistochemistry reveals positive staining for neuron-specific enolase and keratin, the latter in a characteristic paranuclear distribution. Confronted with an unusual clinical picture or indefinite histological diagnosis, tissue specimens should be secured for the above mentioned ancillary procedures.
Parental perceptions of grommet insertion in children with cleft palate
Authors: Greig A. V. H. , Papesch M. E. , Rowsell A. R. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractOtitis media with effusion is almost universal in children with cleft palate and can delay speech, language and educational development by causing hearing loss. Grommet insertion at the time of cleft palate repair is common. There is debate about whether the benefits of grommets outweigh the risk of complications. A postal questionnaire was used to investigate parental perceptions of middle-ear ventilation via grommet insertion in children attending the multidisciplinary cleft palate clinic. These children's case notes were reviewed. Many children had speech and language delay, but parents thought this improved after grommet insertion. Overall parents were pleased with the results. This confirms that grommets have an important part to play in the management of children with cleft palate.
Compartmentalized maxillary sinus mucocele
Authors: Tsang Raymond K. Y. , Woo John K. S. , van Hasselt C. Andrew 
Published: November 2007

AbstractA rare case of compartmentalized maxillary sinus mucocele 12 years after a Caidwell-Luc operation is reported. The two separate mucoceles were drained intranasally by endoscopic sinus surgery. The clinical features of this mucocele are presented and the incidence, presentation and theories on formation of post-operative mucoceles are reviewed.
Acute inspiratory stridor: a presentation of myasthenia gravis
Authors: Matin Mohammad Abdul , Alam Khurshid , O'Driscoll Kieran , Murphy P. J. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractWe present a rare presentation of myasthenia gravis as acute inspiratory stridor in a 16-year-old girl. Prompt diagnosis and medical treatment avoided the need for tracheostomy. Although an uncommon cause, myasthenia gravis should be included in the differential daignosis of stridor.
Spontaneous resolution of internal jugular vein thrombosis in aSalmonellaneck abscess patient
Authors: Lin Chang-Hsi , Chou Jih-Chyun , Lin Tarng-Lieh , Lou Pei-Jen 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThis article describes a rare case ofSalmonellaneck abscess complicated by internal jugular vein thrombosis in a 51-year-old patient with previously undiagnosed diabetes. The patient was discharged without any complications after a combination of medical and surgical treatment. Also discussed here are the clinical manifestations, imaging findings, and spontaneous resolution of the internal jugular vein thrombosis. Being immunocompromised is a critical predisposing factor forSalmonellaneck abscess. Patient recovery is largely determined by proper incision, drainage of pus and adequate intravenous antibiotics according to bacterial sensitivity tests. Detection of an internal jugular vein thrombosis does not signify a poor prognosis. Spontaneous resolution of thrombosis is encountered after treating the infection.
Antibiotic choice in acute and complicated sinusitis
Authors: Mortimore S. , Wormald P. J. , Oliver S. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe microbiology of 87 patients admitted to hospital, over a five-year period, with acute sinusitis was retrospectively analysed. Sixty-three patients had one or more of an orbital, intracranial, soft tissue or bony complication. Eighty-four patients had maxillary sinus washouts, while 48 required a surgical procedure to their sinuses, and 33, drainage of an empyema.Streptococcus milleri and Haemophilus influenzaewere the commonest organisms isolated from sinus aspirates (44 per cent), with a noticeable absence ofStreptococcus pneumoniae(10 per cent). Organisms cultured from intracranial, soft tissue or orbitral empyemas were predominantlyStreptococcus milleri(50 per cent) andStaphylococcus aureus(25 per cent) with an absence ofHaemophilus influenzae(four per cent) andStreptococcus pneumoniae(four per cent). Ampicillin is an appropriate first line antimicrobial agent in patients with acute complicated sinusitis with the addition of cloxacillin in cases with an empyema. Chloramphenicol or ceftriaxone is used in cases with an intracranial complication.
Submandibular gland excision: a five-year review
Authors: Goh Y. H. , Sethi D. S. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractExcision of the submandibular gland is a surgical procedure often undertaken. The procedure is the treatment of choice for patients with neoplasm of the submandibular gland and those with non-neoplastic submandibular disorders which are not controlled with conservative medical measures. Extirpation of the submandibular gland may also be undertaken for diagnostic purposes.This retrospective study of 93 consecutive patients who underwent excision of the submandibular gland in the Department of Otolaryngology, Singapore General Hospital over a five-year period was undertaken to study the indications of surgery, the pathology of the excised submandibular gland and the demographic profile of patients.Fifty-six (60.2 per cent) patients underwent submandibular gland excision for non-neoplastic salivary gland disease while 37 (39.8 per cent) had neoplastic submandibular gland disorders. The commonest pathology encountered was sialadenitis/sialolithiasis (53.76 per cent) followed by pleomorphic adenoma (33.33 per cent). Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) was a valuable pre-operative investigation with a sensitivity and specificity of 94.7 per cent and 100 per cent respectively for neoplastic diseases. The morbidity rate for this surgery was 4.3 per cent.
Kaposi's sarcoma masquerading as pyogenic granuloma of the nasal mucosa
Authors: Wyatt M. E. , Finlayson C. J. , Moore-Gillon V. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractKaposi's sarcoma (KS) is a neoplastic vascular disorder characterized by multiple reddish blue nodules which, according to the original description (Kaposi, 1872), usually present on the skin of the upper and lower extremities. It is not until the disease progresses that nodules appear on the skin of the head and neck, on mucosal membranes and as visceral lesions. However, with the large increase in the incidence of this tumour associated with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) epidemic, there have been increasing numbers of cases of Kaposi's sarcoma presenting primarily on the skin or mucosa of the head and neck. The most common sites reported are within the oral cavity, particularly on the palate. Other mucosal sites are rare. We present an unusual case where the primary manifestation of the Kaposi's sarcoma was in the nasal mucosa and stress the importance of this diagnosis not being overlooked.
Solitary fibrous tumour of the larynx: report of a case
Authors: Benlyazid Adil , Lescanne Emmanuel , Lefrancq Thierry , Fetissoff Franck , Beutter Patrice 
Published: November 2007

AbstractSolitary fibrous tumour is a particular kind of mesenchymal tumour, classically arising in the pleura. We report the first case arising in the larynx, associated with a metastasizing adenocarcinoma. The diagnosis is mainly histopathological, especially when strong immunoreactivity for the CD34 antibody is present.
Proliferating cell nuclear antigen in laryngeal cancer
Authors: Kręcicki Tomasz , Jeleń Michal 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen in paraffin sections from 154 cases of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma were examined. There was significant difference in PCNA expression between the control group and cancer patients (p<0.001). The mean score of PCNA was higher in patients with poor prognosis than in patients with satisfactory outcome after treatment (p<0.05). There was no significant correlation between the PCNA count and the patient's age and sex, T and N stage and site of the tumour.Univariate analysis revealed that the PCNA score correlated with the patients' survival rates. In multivariate analysis the prognostic value of PCNA was on the statistical borderline (p= 0.049). In our study clinical features like N and T status had a more important influence on survival rate. Nevertheless it appears that the immunohistological examination of PCNA in paraffin section could be a complementary prognostic tool for laryngeal carcinoma. PCNA expression may also be a valuable tool for differentiating malignant from benign laryngeal epithelium.
Developmental nasal anomalies
Authors: Morgan D. W. , Evans J. N. G. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractDespite the complex embryological development of the nose and surrounding structures, significant developmental nasal anomalies are rare. We therefore present our experience in the management of such anomalies (excluding choanal atresia) over the past 10 years.Fifty cases were surgically treated; two nasopharyngeal cysts, four hairy polyps, two meningoencephalo coeles, seven gliomata, 20 dermoids, two capillary haemangiomata, four fibromas, one fibromyxyoma, one mucocoele, one granuloma, one lipoma, two nasal aplasias, two nasal clefts and one nasal web. All cases presented with nasal obstruction and/or as a nasal mass. Computerized tomography and magnetic reson ance imaging aided diagnosis determining the extent of intracranial involvement. Various surgical tech niques were used ranging from simple excision to the lateral rhinotomy and Goodman's external rhinoplasty approach. Only five patients (10 per cent) suffered complications; two CSF leaks and three recurrences, all treated successfully.
Long distance travel by children for tonsillectomy: experience of the ORL department at Princess Alexandra Hospital (PAH), Royal Air Force, Wroughton, Swindon
Authors: Nofal F. , Moran Air-Vice Marshal M. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractAn audit was carried out to assess the acceptability of long distance travel for elective tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy. Seventy nine children travelled 70 miles with their father or mother to P. A. H. from Mid Glamorgan where the E.N.T. waiting list delay for tonsillectomy was some two years.Most of the families who were offered the travel arrangements agreed and from the results of the questionnaires answered by the first 50 families, it was shown to be a successful exercise as both the children and parents were very happy with the arrangements and there were no complications.
The Mughals, the Sufi Shaikhs and the Formation of the Akbari Dispensation
Authors: ALAM MUZAFFAR 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThis essay places Mughal–Sufi relationship within a larger sixteenth century context, focusing on the strategies the early Mughals adopted to build their power in India. It reviews the positions of the two important sufi groups, the Indian Chishtis and the Central Asian Naqshbandis, juxtaposing the political benefits or the loss that the Mughals saw in their associations with them. While the Naqshbandi worldview and the legacy of the legendary Ubaid Allah Ahrar clashed with their vision of power, in the Chishti ideology, on the other hand, they found a strong support for themselves. The Chishtis then had an edge at the time of Akbar. But the Naqshbandis under Khwaja Baqi Billah (d. 1603) continued in their endeavour to reinstate their place in Mughal India. The paper thus provides a backdrop and makes a plea for re-evaluating the debate on the ideology and politics of Shaikh Ahmad Sirhindi (d. 1624).
Predicting young adult social functioning from developmental trajectories of externalizing behaviour
Authors: Bongers I. L. , Koot H. M. , van der Ende J. , Verhulst F. C. 
Published: November 2007

BackgroundThe long-term consequences of child and adolescent externalizing problems often involve a wide spectrum of social maladaptation in adult life. The purpose of this study was to describe the predictive link of child and adolescent externalizing developmental trajectories to social functioning in adulthood.MethodSocial functioning was predicted from developmental trajectories of parent-reported aggression, opposition, property violations and status violations that were defined in a longitudinal multiple birth cohort study of 2076 males and females aged 4–18 years. Social functioning was assessed using self-reports by young adults aged 18–30 years. Linear and logistic regression analyses were used to describe the extent to which developmental trajectories are prospectively related to social functioning.ResultsChildren with high-level trajectories of opposition and status violations reported more impaired social functioning as young adults than children with high-level trajectories of aggression and property violations. Young adults who showed onset of problems in adolescence reported overall less impaired social functioning than individuals with high-level externalizing problems starting in childhood. Overall, males reported more impaired social functioning in adulthood than females. However, females with persistent high-level externalizing behaviour reported more impairment in relationships than males with persistent high-level externalizing behaviour.ConclusionThe long-term consequences of high levels of opposition and status violations in childhood to serious social problems during adulthood are much stronger than for individuals who show only high levels of aggressive antisocial behaviours.
Detecting common mental disorders in primary care in India: a comparison of five screening questionnaires
Authors: Patel V. , Araya R. , Chowdhary N. , King M. , Kirkwood B. , Nayak S. , Simon G. , Weiss H. A. 
Published: November 2007

BackgroundScreening of patients for common mental disorders (CMDs) is needed in primary-care management programmes. This study aimed to compare the screening properties of five widely used questionnaires.MethodAdult attenders in five primary-care settings in India were recruited through systematic sampling. Four questionnaires were administered, in pairs, in random order to participants: the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ, 12 items); the Primary Health Questionnaire (PHQ, nine items); the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10, 10 items), and from which we could extract the score of the shorter 6-item K6; and the Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ, 20 items). All participants were interviewed with a structured lay diagnostic interview, the Revised Clinical Interview Schedule (CIS-R).ResultsComplete data were available for 598 participants (participation rate 99.3%). All five questionnaires showed moderate to high discriminating ability; the GHQ and SRQ showed the best results. All five showed moderate to high degrees of correlation with one another, the poorest being between the two shortest questionnaires, K6 and PHQ. All five had relatively good internal consistency. However, the positive predictive value (PPV) of the questionnaires compared with the diagnostic interview ranged from 51% to 77% at the optimal cut-off scores.ConclusionsThere is little difference in the ability of these questionnaires to identify cases accurately, but none showed high PPVs without a considerable compromise on sensitivity. Hence, the choice of an optimum cut-off score that yields the best balance between sensitivity and PPV may need to be tailored to individual settings, with a higher cut-off being recommended in resource-limited primary-care settings.