bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Search for the physiological function of H‐2 gene products
Authors: Lengerová Alena , Zelený V. , Haškovec C. , Hilgert I. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe previously demonstrated role of H‐2 gene products in nonimmune cell interactions was further analyzed. As model of such interactions served the erythropoietic performance (in terms of 59Fe uptake) of bone marrow cell (BMC) inocula in the cellular environment of the spleen of massively irradiated hosts. When the performance in syngeneic hosts is taken as standard, the performance of cells from the same pool in H‐2 disparate (congenic) hosts is subnormal. The inhibition was also observed in two congenic strain combinations where the H‐2 disparity did not involve the I region. The capacity of BMC to distinguish H‐2 ‐identical and H‐2 ‐disparate hosts could be greatly reduced or virtually abolished by enzymatic digestion of certain cell surface carbohydrates. An essential effect of neuraminidase was further increased by emulsin. When the digested cells were left for 6 h in an enzyme‐free medium, their capacity to dinstinguish H‐2 disparities recovered. A pretreatment with papain, which cleaves a large fragment of the H‐2 protein carrying both the antigenic site and the carbohydrate chain, had an effect comparable with but no greater than the sugar‐removing enzymes. The enzymatic effect was largely due to the impairment of the performance of BMC in H‐2 ‐identical hosts rather than to an improvement in H‐2 ‐disparate ones. The neuraminidase‐ and emulsin‐sensitive groupings thus seem to be essential for the cells to recognize “self” rather than “non‐self” and to interact with H‐2 ‐identical cells in physiological processes. A hypothesis is proposed that in H‐2 glycoproteins, the antigenically and physiologically active sites are distinct, being located in the protein and carbohydrate parts of the molecules, respectively. It is further suggested that the normal function of the H‐2 products might consist in providing the cell surface with structures which are complementary to similar structures on other cells; the carbohydrate moiety seems to be essential for this type of physiological interaction in contrast to the key and lock‐type of complementarity in immune interactions which is based on protein structures.
Enhancement of Lewis lung carcinoma in a syngeneic host by spleen cells of C57BL/6 old mice
Authors: Gozes Y. , Trainin N. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe development and growth of transplanted syngeneic Lewis lung carcinoma and their relation to aging was investigated. The Lewis lung carcinoma (3LL) is a metastasizing tumor which developed spontaneously in a C57BL/6J mouse. We found that the frequency and rate of tumor growth were increased when the tumors were implanted in aged as compared to young mice. In order to determine whether this finding involves the participation of the immunological system of the host, spleen cells of mice at various ages were mixed with tumor cells at a ratio of 100:1 and injected into one footpad of syngeneic recipient mice. Spleen cells from older mice were found to strikingly enhance tumor growth in the recipient. Only living T cells were responsible for this enhancement, since in vitro irradiation of donor spleen cells or use of spleen cells from thymectomized donors abolished this enhancement. The quantitative distribution of various cell populations in the spleen did not vary greatly with age, these results suggesting that a change occurs in the intrinsic properties of lymphoid cells during aging. It is suggested that the tumor‐enhancing properties of aged lymphoid cells are due to autoimmune activity of the cells. Indeed, cellular autoimmune activity was detected when these cells were injected into adequate animals.Various other features of cell‐mediated immunity were analyzed in groups of young and old mice.
Nonspecific genetic regulation of antibody responsiveness in the mouse
Authors: Siqueira Maria , Esteves Maria B. , Ibanez Olga M. , Ferreira Vera C.A. , Sant'Anna O.A. , Reis Moema H. , Biozzi G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFour lines of mice were produced by selective breeding for quantitative agglutinin responsiveness to flagellar (f) or somatic (s) antigens (Ags) of Salmonellae: high (H) or low (L) responder lines to f Ag and H and L responder lines to sAg.The Salmonellae contained both f and sAgs, the Ag used to perform the selection was the Selection Ag and the other was the Associated Ag. The selective breeding produced a progressive interline separation with an equivalent effect for both Ags. After 15 generations (F15) the level of agglutinin response was about 60 times higher in H than in L responders. About 50 % of the phenotypic variation of the character investigated is determined by a group of immune response genes, the rest is due to environmental factors. The nonspecific effect of this group of immune response genes was investigated by measuring the responses to three independent antigens: Sheep erythrocytes (SE), dinitrophenyl‐conjugated human IgG (DNP‐HGG) and bovine IgG (BGG).The selection for fAg response produced an equivalent modification in the responsiveness to the Associated Ag (97 %) and to BGG (130 %). This nonspecific effect was smaller for responsiveness to SE and DNP‐HGG, 58 % and 41 % of the Selection Ag response, respectively.The selection for sAg response produced a nonspecific modification of responsiveness of 94 % for the Associated Ag of 74 % for BGG and 63 % for DNP‐HGG. An important exception concerned SE to which an equal antibody response is produced in high and low lines of sAg selection.
Limulin (Limulus polyphemus lectin): mitogenic effect on human peripheral lymphocytes
Authors: Roche Annie‐Claude , Perrodon Yolaine , Halpern B. , Monsigny M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe lectin from hemolymph of Limulus polyphemus was purified by affinity chromatography on insolubilized bovine submaxillary mucin. The purity of the protein was checked by crossed immunoelectrophoresis. Agglutination of human red blood cells was completely abolished after neuraminidase treatment, while other cells were still agglutinable after the same treatment but required a higher concentration of lectin. Limulin was able to stimulate about 50 % of human peripheral lymphocytes. This mitogenic effect could be inhibited by bovine submaxillary mucin but not by the desialylated mucin. Related to the known oligosaccharide‐binding specificity of limulin and of the other nonspecific activators of lymphocytes, the authors suggest that lymphocyte stimulation is triggered by binding to a glyco‐conjugate bearing the following carbohydrate chains:
T cell dependence of cells synthesizing immunoglobulin without detectable antibody function induced after an antigenic stimulation
Authors: Antoine J. ‐C. , Petit Christine , Bach Marie‐Anne , Bach J. ‐F. , Salomon J. ‐C. , Avrameas S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA previous study of primary and secondary immune responses of rats and mice immunized against various protein antigens allowed us to describe a population of immunocytes containing, synthesizing and secreting immunoglobulins without detectable antibody function against the antigen injected (IFC). We here report their T cell‐dependence. Mice, thymectomized, irradiated and reconstituted with bone marrow or fetal liver cells, generally show neither antibody‐forming cells (AFC) nor cells synthesizing immunoglobulin without detectable antibody function. In some mice, probably only partly T cell‐deprived, antibody‐containing cells were seen, and at that time they were associated with cells synthesizing immunoglobulin without detectable antibody function. For most of the animals studied in primary response, however, the IFC population remained higher than the AFC population throughout the immune response. In normal animals immunoglobulin‐synthesizing cells were predominant at the beginning of the immune response, then decreased and progressively replaced by antibody‐synthesizing cells. After the first injection or after two stimuli, the number of responders among T cell‐deprived mice increased progressively. Finally, these experiments indicate that both cells synthesizing immunoglobulins without detectable antibody function and specific AFC are thymus‐dependent and rule out the hypothesis according to which horseradish peroxidase is a polyclonal B cell activator.
Genetic regulation of IgE and agglutinating antibody synthesis in lines of mice selected for high and low immune responsiveness
Authors: Prouvost‐Danon Annie , Mouton Denise , Abadie Annie , Mevel J. ‐C. , Biozzi G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe responses to a wide dose‐range of ovalbumin (OV) have been comparatively studied in terms of IgE and hemagglutinating antibodies in high line (HL), low line (LL) and interline cross mice.The kinetics of the primary and secondary responses, which differ according to the antigen dose injected, are parallel in each line, for both types of antibody with the exception of a greater susceptibility of IgE to suppression after higher doses.The threshold doses of antigen which are quite different in HL, LL and F1 mice are, in each case, similar for both IgE and hemagglutinating antibody induction. Furthermore, in primary response, the dominance effect in F1 is of “low responsiveness” for 0.05 μg OV and of “high responsiveness” for 0.5 μg OV. The inversion of dominance occurs at the same OV dose for IgE and hemagglutinating antibodies. This is also true for minor doses in secondary response. When individual responsiveness to a minute dose of OV is investigated in interline F2 and backcross mice, a high correlation coefficient is observed between IgE and hemagglutinating antibodies.Finally, the frequency distribution curves of responsiveness to a minute dose of OV (0.05 μg)in HL, LL, F1, F2 and backcross mice are compatible with the hypothesis of a one locus regulation for both IgE and hemagglutinating antibody synthesis.
Serological and preliminary biochemical characteristics of a T lymphocyte differentiation antigen detected by rabbit antiserum to rat thymocyte membranes
Authors: Morris R. J. , Williams A. F. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA rabbit antiserum against rat thymocyte membrane was studied using quantitative absorption analysis, and shown to contain a large amount of antibody against antigen(s) on lymphocytes but not liver, erythrocytes, kidney, heart, lung or brain tissue. Among lymphocytes the antigen(s) was at least 20‐fold more abundant on thymocytes or T lymphocytes than on bone marrow or B lymphocytes, and is thus referred to as a T lymphocyte antigen. In saturating binding studies with absorbed antiserum 120 000 molecules of antibody were bound per thymocyte.The T lymphocyte antigenic activity was effectively solubilized from thymocyte membrane by deoxycholate, and its hydrodynamic properties suggested that only one molecule (or a group of very similar molecules) express the activity. The S20,w and v̄ values of the antigen were 5.7 S and 0.73 ml/g, and the Stoke's radius was 6.2 nm; a molecular weight (including any bound deoxycholate) of 1 50 000 was calculated. All antigenic activity in deoxycholate extracts bound to a lentil lectin affinity column suggesting the antigen may be a glycoprotein. On serological and biochemical grounds the antigen was distinct from Thy‐1.In an appendix a method for determining the maximum binding of antibody per cell by absorption analysis is described.
H‐2 gene complementation in cytotoxic T cell responses of female against male cells
Authors: Von Boehmer H. , Fathman C. G. , Haas W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractH‐2 gene‐dependent nonresponsiveness and responsiveness to H‐2‐matched male cells can be observed in cytotoxic assays in several mouse strains. H‐2 genes of several low responder strains can complement each other in cis or trans position to produce high responders. One of the H‐2 gene products functions at the level of antigen‐presenting cells (stimulators, targets), the other must be expressed in the responding T cell population.
Human peripheral Null lymphocytes I. Isolation, immunological and functional characterization
Authors: Kaldert J.R. , Peter H.‐H. , Roubin Regine , Cesarini J.‐P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA Null lymphocyte‐enriched population was isolated from human peripheral blood of healthy donors using a combination of Ficoll density gradient centrifugation followed by elimination of mononuclear phagocytes, passage through Ig‐anti‐Ig columns and sedimentation of E rosettes. After each separation step lymphocyte fractions were examined for morphology, cell surface markers, mitogen responsiveness and effector functions in antibody‐dependent (ADCC) and spontaneous cellular cytotoxicity (SCMC) reactions against an allogeneic melanoma cell line. The final Null lymphocyte preparation was recovered at a rate of 1 to 3 % from the population passed through Ig‐anti‐Ig columns (fraction FFF‐C). The marker analysis revealed over 99 %of surface Ig‐negative lymphoid cells; 50 to 60 % of these cells were ‘real Null’ cells lacking immunological cell surface markers, 7 % formed EA, 13 % EAC and 24 %E rosettes.Regarding the mitogen responses, passage through Ig‐anti‐Ig columns drastically reduced concanavalin A (Con A), pokeweed mitogen (PWM)and tuberculin (PPD) responses, whereas the phytohemagglutinin (PHA) response was reduced in absolute counts but not in the stimulation index. Compared to the T cell‐enriched lymphocyte fraction, the Null cells showed significantly diminished proliferative responses to PHA and Con A and slightly increased reactivity to PWM and PPD.Although depleted of high affinity Fc receptor lymphocytes, the Null cell fractions exhibited good ADCC and SCMC activities being about 4 to 6 times higher than in the T cell fraction.
Suppression of anti‐hapten antibody response in vitro by hapten‐carrier conjugates
Authors: Bernstein A. , Globerson Amiela 
Published: February 2007

AbstractProduction of antibodies was stimulated or suppressed arbitrarily by antigen treatment in vitro of spleens cultured at various time intervals after in vivo immunization.Spleens of mice immunized to the 2,4‐dinitrophenyl or (4‐hydroxy‐3‐iodo‐5‐nitrophenyl)acetyl haptenic determinants produced antibodies in culture when no antigen was applied in vitro. When a conjugate of the hapten to the same carrier employed for priming was given in vitro, an initial reduction of the response was observed, the level of which was dependent on antigen dose. Subsequently, increased amounts of antibodies were measured. In contrast, in vitro exposure to the hapten conjugated to an unrelated carrier resulted in significant reduction of the response for the entire period of the test.This suppressive effect manifested with various carrier proteins (ovalbumin, bovine IgG, bovine and rabbit serum albumin and keyhole limpet hemocy‐anin), when applied to cultures in doses which were potentially immunogenic.
Human B cell line deficient in the expression of B cell‐specific glycoproteins (GP 27,35)
Authors: Trowbridge I.S. , Hyman R. , Klein G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA human B lymphoid cell line, P3HR‐1, expresses only low levels of the 27 000 and 35 000 mol.wt. B cell‐specific glycoproteins (GP 27,35). Indirect antibody‐binding and quantitative absorption tests with a xenoantiserum against the antigens showed that P3HR‐1 cells have on their surface about 1 % of the amount found on other human B lymphoblastoid cell lines. The deficit of the glycoproteins on the surface of P3HR‐1 cells could be accounted for by a reduced. rate of synthesis in these cells.A simple relationship between the reduced expression of GP 27,35 on P3HR‐1 cells and their inability to bind Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) or express complement receptors was excluded because other B lymphoid cells which expressed neither virus‐binding sites nor complement receptor had normal amounts of GP 27,35 on their surface. However, antibodies against GP 27,35 could block the absorption of EBV by EBV receptor‐positive B cells.
Preliminary characterization of a glycoprotein having Fc receptor properties extracted from a T cell lymphoma (L‐5178‐Y)
Authors: Frade R. , Kourilsky F. M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAfter incorporation of 14C‐labeled amino acids and/or of [3 H]fucose during in vitro culture of the Thy‐1.1‐bearing, Fc receptor‐positive T lymphoma, L‐5187‐Y, attempts were made to purify the Fc binding structure(s). Following solubilization of a crude membrane pellet using sodium deoxycholate, the 110 000 x g supernatant was filtered on Sephadex G‐200, and the fractions containing IgG‐binding material were further purified by affinity chromatography (on IgG Sepharose 4B.) Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic analysis of the final Fc‐binding product showed an apparent molecular weight of 110 000 daltons. On subsequent reduction with 2‐mercapto‐ethanol, five bands (mol. wts. 56 000, 36 000, 25 000, 18 000 and 15 000) were observed, the latter two being probable degradation products. These results are in accord with some of the published data concerning B cell Fc receptors.
Imbalances in T cell subpopulations associated with immunodeficiency and autoimmune syndromes
Authors: Moretta L. , Christina MingariO M. , Webb Susan R. , Pearl E.R. , Lydyard P.M. , Grossi C.E. , Lawton A.R. , Cooper M.D. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAbnormal proportions of the distinct T cell subpopulations binding the Fc portion of IgM (T·M) cells and those bearing receptors for the Fc portion of IgG (T·M) cells, were observed in blood samples from patients who had congenital or acquired abnormalities of the thymus, severe combined immunodeficiency, or an unexplained primary deficiency in cell‐mediated immunity; most had too few circulating T·M cells and often an overabundance of T·G cells. In an in vitro evaluation of lymphocytes from one of three thymoma patients with an elevated T·G subpopulation, removal of T·G cells abrogated the suppression of T·M cell help of B cell differentiation induced by pokeweed mitogen. A spectrum of patients with sex‐linked infantile agammaglobulinemia, variable hypogammaglobulinemia, and selective IgA deficiency, and a few patients with autoimmune syndromes infrequently had distorted representation of these T cell subpopulations in the circulation. This suggests that B cell dysfunction in many of these patients is not merely due t o numerical excesses or insufficiencies of helper or suppressor T cells.
Immunological properties of two related fragments from human and equine growth hormones
Authors: Zakin M.M. , Peña Clara , Poskus E. , Stewart J.M. , Paladini A.C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe immunological properties of a synthetic human growth hormone fragment comprising the amino acids 73 through 128 and of the homologous natural horse growth hormone fragment formed by amino acids 73 through 123, have been comparatively studied.Antisera obtained in rabbits inoculated with the native human hormone or with the fragments, were used. By hemagglutination experiments both fragments have the same reactivity toward the anti‐human growth hormone serum, but complement fixation curves detect the existence of at least two populations of antibodies presumably originated against the sequence 73–128 of human growth hormone. Of these, only one of the corresponding antigenic areas is present in the homologous region of equine growth hormone. The known cross‐reactivity detected between both hormones is thus partially explained.In the antiserum against the horse growth hormone fragment there is a very low level of antibodies reacting with native horse hormone.
The “patchy” immunodeficiency of CBA/N mice
Authors: Quintáns J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe in vivo responses of CBA/N (which have an X‐linked defect of B lymphocyte differentiation) and CBA/J normal mice to 2,4,6‐trinitrophenylated (TNP) bacteriophage T4 and Diplococcus pneumoniae CS variant have been compared. Both antigens are thymus‐independent (TI), and TNP‐CS additionally contains the phosphorylcholine (PC) epitope. CBA/N and CBA/J mice give TNP plaque‐forming cell responses similar in magnitude and avidity although only CBA/J give a PC response when challenged with TNP‐CS. These results indicate that CBA/N mice have a “patchy” defect of antigen‐induced humoral responses. This defect is manifested only in certain subpopulations of B cells and is not restricted to TI responses.
Natural cytotoxicity in man: activity of lymph node and tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes
Authors: Vose B.M. , Vánky F. , Argov S , Klein Eva 
Published: February 2007

AbstractLymphocytes from blood, lymph node and tumor have been tested for cytotoxicity against the K562 cell line which is known to be highly sensitive to lysis by spontaneously reactive cells. Cytotoxicity was found in all 13 samples from healthy donors and in 17/32 cancer patients. By contrast, activity was determined in only 1/18 lymph node and 1/14 preparations of tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes. Lymph node cells were similarly nonreactive against 3 other cell lines known to be sensitive to natural cytotoxicity. Studies of the composition of the effector populations revealed no absolute deficit of a particular cell type although there were differences between them resulting from the different isolation procedures used. Enrichment of the lymph node population for non‐T, non‐B lymphocytes was ineffective in inducing cytotoxicity in previously non‐reactive samples although this procedure uniformly increased the cytotoxic potential of blood lymphocytes. Tests with blood taken during operation showed that the lack of reactivity in these preparations was unlikely to be a result of the effects of anesthesia or surgery. The reason for the low cytotoxicity in the lymph node and tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes is as yet undefined.
Growth regulation of a murine lymphoma cell line by a 2‐mercaptoethanol or macrophage‐activated serum factor
Authors: Hewlett G. , Opitz H.‐G. , Schlumberger H.D. , Lemke H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA mouse lymphoma cell line has been established that is dependent for growth on the presence of an activated serum component. This growth factor is found in an inactive form in fetal bovine serum (FBS) and can be activated by 2‐mercaptoethanol and by macrophages. A factor‐containing fraction can be separated from FBS by Sephadex G‐100 chromatography and once activated, can be used as a substitute for whole serum in the culture medium without adverse effect on the cell growth. The significance of these findings with respect to the study of the immune response and cancer research is discussed.
Cell‐free factor substitute for “signal 2" in generating cytotoxic reactions
Authors: Sopori M.L. , Alter Barbara J. , Bach F.H. , Bach Marilyn L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractCytotoxic T lymphocytes in the responding cell population recognize allogeneic target antigens on ultraviolet light (uv)‐treated stimulating cells in a mixed leukocyte culture. However, under these conditions no cytotoxic response is generated unless the responding cells are also stimulated with x‐irradiated or mitomycin C‐treated cells differing by the H‐2 I region‐determined LD antigens. We refer to the signal given to the cytotoxic T lymphocyte by its target antigen as signal 1, and to the help which the cytotoxic T lymphocyte receives presumably from the LD‐responsive T helper cell as signal 2.We have developed a method in which different cell populations are separated by an agar layer to demonstrate that a soluble “factor(s)” can both potentiate a weak cytotoxic reaction as well as allow the development of cytotoxicity against uv‐treated stimulating cells. These results support the two‐signal model in which a “factor”, presumably produced by helper T cells responding to LD antigens, can give signal 2 to the cytotoxic T lymphocyte that has recognized target determinants.