bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Temperature, Dissolved Oxygen, and Asian Tapeworm Infection on Growth and Survival of the Topeka Shiner
Authors: Koehle Jessica J. , Adelman Ira R. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe Topeka shiner Notropis topeka is an endangered fish species, historically described as inhabiting cool, headwater prairie streams. However, Topeka shiners recently have been found in off‐channel habitats with high temperatures and low concentrations of dissolved oxygen. In laboratory experiments to determine whether Topeka shiners can tolerate the conditions in these off‐channel habitats for extended periods, we found that their optimum temperature for growth was approximately 27°C and their critical thermal maximum was 39°C at a 31°C acclimation temperature. Topeka shiners grew at dissolved oxygen concentrations as low as 2 mg/L, but at a considerably lower rate than at 4 mg/L and above. The concentration of dissolved oxygen that was lethal for 50% of the fish after 96 h at 26°C was 1.26 mg/L. Growth was reduced by Asian tapeworm infections. Overall, high temperatures and low dissolved oxygen are probably not limiting factors for Topeka shiner populations in most off‐channel habitats.
Speech Intelligibility of Patients with Cleft Lip and Palate after Placement of Speech Prosthesis
Authors: Pinto João Henrique Nogueira , Dalben Giseleda Silva , Pegoraro-Krook Maria Inês 
Published: November 2007

Objective: To evaluate the speech intelligibility of patients with clefts before and after placement of a speech prosthesis. Design: Cross-sectional. Setting: Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies, University of São Paulo (HRAC/USP), Bauru, Brazil. Patients: Twenty-seven patients with unoperated cleft palate or operated cleft palate presenting with velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI) after primary palatoplasty, treated with speech prosthesis, aged 8 to 63 years. Interventions: Patients were fitted with palatopharyngeal obturators or pharyngeal bulbs, suitable to their dental needs. Five speech-language pathologists blindly evaluated speech samples of the patients with and without the prosthesis. Main Outcome Measures: Classification of speech samples according to a scoring system developed for speech intelligibility problems: 1 (normal), 2 (mild), 3 (mild to moderate), 4 (moderate), 5 (moderate to severe), and 6 (severe). Results were evaluated by the calculation of means of all judges for each patient in both situations. Results: The judges presented significant agreement (W = .789, p < .01). Speech intelligibility was significantly better after placement of the prosthesis for both unoperated patients (Z = 1.93, p = .02) and operated patients with VPI after primary palatoplasty (Z = 1.78, p = .03). Conclusions: Speech intelligibility may be improved by rehabilitation of patients with cleft palate using a speech prosthesis. Speech therapy is needed to eliminate any compensatory articulation productions developed prior to prosthetic management.
Van der Woude Syndrome: Clinical Presentation in 64 Patients
Authors: Huang Jung-Ju , Hou Jia-Woei , Tan Ying-Chien , Chen Kuo-Ting , Lo Lun-Jou , Chen Yu-Ray 
Published: November 2007

Objective: Van der Woude syndrome, characterized by lip pits and cleft lip/ palate, presents with variable expressions. This retrospective study was designed to obtain a better understanding of its clinical pattern in Taiwanese patients. Materials and Methods: Of 13,147 cleft patients treated at the Chang Gung Craniofacial Center from 1976 to 2004, there were 64 with Van der Woude syndrome. Clinical expressions and family histories were collected and analyzed. Results: The male to female ratio was 1:1. The majority had complete cleft types. Severe cleft was found among the patients, with 52% having bilateral cleft lip and palate, 31% having unilateral cleft lip and palate, and 17% having isolated cleft palate. A positive family history was found in 53.1% of the patients. The size, shape, location, and depth of the pits varied among patients. Conclusion: Clinical presentations did not always parallel those reported in the literatures. These differences warrant further investigation.
Functional Outcomes of Cleft Lip Surgery. Part IV: Between- and Within-Participant Variables Affecting Lip Vermilion Sensory Thresholds
Authors: Essick Greg K. , Phillips Ceib , Trotman Carroll-Ann 
Published: November 2007

Objective: Compare neurosensory assessments for participants with and without a cleft lip; identify between- and within-participant variables affecting sensory thresholds on the vermilion of participants with cleft lip. Design: A parallel group, nonrandomized clinical trial. Subjects: There were 56 participants with cleft lip and 37 noncleft participants. Analysis: Two-point perception and warmth and cool detection thresholds were measured on the right and left sides of the upper and lower vermilion. A cotton-tip stick, stroked across the skin, was used to identify altered sensation. Linear mixed effects modeling was used to examine the effects of between- and within-participant variables on the thresholds. Results: Threshold values on the upper and lower vermilion were similar for cleft and noncleft participants and were unaffected by the presence of a cleft on the side tested. Participants with cleft lip who reported hyposensitive altered sensations had higher two-point thresholds on the upper lip than those who reported hypersensitivity. Participants with cleft lip who reported altered midface sensation had lower warmth detection, but higher cool detection thresholds, on the lower vermilion than participants with cleft lip who did not report altered sensation. Participants with bilateral cleft lip had lower warmth detection thresholds on the upper vermilion than participants with unilateral cleft lip. Conclusions: Although participants with cleft lip and noncleft participants exhibit similar thermal and two-point discrimination, on average, differences exist among subgroups of participants with cleft lip that may reflect central disturbances in the processing of somatosensory stimuli.
Functional Outcomes of Cleft Lip Surgery. Part III: Measurement of Lip Forces
Authors: Trotman Carroll-Ann , Barlow Steven M. , Faraway Julian J. 
Published: November 2007

Objective: To investigate lip force dynamics among participants with a repaired cleft of the lip and noncleft control participants. Design: A parallel, three-group, nonrandomized clinical trial. Subjects: Forty-eight participants with cleft lip and 36 noncleft participants. Analysis: Participants attended two separate visits. At each visit, they were instructed to produce fine motor control and maximum compression forces with each upper and lower lip in response to visual force targets. Measures of force were extracted, and the data were fit using regression techniques. Results: The upper and lower lips of the participants with a cleft lip demonstrated less time on target, while the lower lips had shorter rise time but higher peak forces, a higher rate of force recruitment, and increased maxima of the first derivative of force compared with the noncleft participants. For all participants, there was a learning effect for certain force variables between the two visits and with increasing age. Conclusion: For participants with a cleft lip, force regulation of the circumoral region within the operating range presumed important for facial and speech animation is compromised because of impairments in force recruitment, gradation, fractionation, and stability. In the presence of a change in upper lip tissue mechanics due to scarring or neuromotor impairment, such as a cleft, the lower lip typically exhibits compensatory motor actions.
The Square Flap Method for Cleft Palate Repair
Authors: Xu Jing-Hong , Chen Hong , Tan Wei-Qiang , Lin Jun , Wu Wei-Hua 
Published: November 2007

Objective: To introduce a new surgical technique for repair of cleft palate using the square flap method. Design and Setting: A retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data. Patients and Methods: The procedure was performed from 1995 to 2004 in 21 males and 16 females with cleft palates of different types; the patients had a median age of 6.0 years and an average age of 9.4 years (range from 22 months to 23 years). In these patients, the square flap method, consisting of one rhombic flap and four triangular flaps, designed on the soft palate across the defect, was applied to the von Langenbeck procedure. After incisions, the flaps were rotated and advanced, and each flap was inserted into the opposite side and then sutured. The patients were followed from 6 months to 2 years, the velopharyngeal closure was examined by nasopharyngeal fiberscope and/ or x-ray radiography, and a clinical speech evaluation was performed. Results: In all cases, no problem of flap viability was encountered and all healed well. The postoperative results were satisfactory without any complications such as dehiscence, perforation, palatal fistula, or functional disturbance. The velopharyngeal closure and clinical speech evaluation were satisfactory, and the effects of the operation were stable. Conclusions: The technique presented has been effective, with the advantages of palatal closure without tension, good muscular reconstruction, and sufficient lengthening of the soft palate.
Oral Rehabilitation of a Patient with Complete Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate Using an Implant-Retained Speech-Aid Prosthesis: Clinical Report
Authors: Abreu Amara , Levy Daniel , Rodriguez Enrique , Rivera Irma 
Published: November 2007

Objective: To report the oral rehabilitation of velopharyngeal insufficiency due to a congenital anatomic defect using an implant-retained speech-aid prosthesis. Case Report: A 65-year-old man with a diagnosis of complete unilateral cleft lip and palate on the left side with an unrepaired palate was examined. A removable partial denture with a speech bulb had been used for approximately 40 years. After primary care for gross caries and tooth mobility, an implant-retained obturator with a speech bulb was fabricated. Results and Conclusion: Improvement in mastication, speech, and velopharyngeal function was achieved with a satisfactory esthetic result.
The Pittsburgh Fistula Classification System: A Standardized Scheme for the Description of Palatal Fistulas
Authors: Smith Darren M. , Vecchione Lisa , Jiang Shao , Ford Matthew , Deleyiannis Frederic W. B. , Ann Haralam Mary , Naran Sanjay , Worrall Christine I. , Dudas Jason R. , Afifi Ahmed M. , Marazita Mary L. , Losee Joseph E. 
Published: November 2007

Objective: Vague terminology is a problem in cleft palate research. No classification scheme for palatal fistulas has been proposed to date. Although a well-healed velum is a significant outcome of palatoplasty, it is nearly impossible to compare fistula-related palatoplasty results in the literature or in medical records without a standardized vocabulary. We endeavor to devise a palatal fistula classification system that may have clinical and research applicability. Design: PubMed was searched for definitions and classifications of palatal fistula as well as incidence and recurrence rates of this outcome. Next, a 25-year retrospective review of our Cleft Center's records was performed, and fistulas were identified (n = 641 charts reviewed). The fistula descriptions yielded by this chart review were evaluated in the context of anatomical descriptions in the literature, and a clinician-friendly classification scheme was designed. Results: A literature review failed to reveal a standardized fistula classification system. An anatomically based numerical fistula classification system was devised: type I, bifid uvula; type II, soft palate; type III, junction of the soft and hard palate; type IV, hard palate; type V, junction of the primary and secondary palates (for Veau IV clefts); type VI, lingual alveolar; and type VII, labial alveolar. Conclusions: We propose a standardized numerical classification system for palatal fistulas. Its clinical adoption may prospectively clarify ambiguities in the literature and facilitate future cleft palate research and clinical practice.
Cardioinductive Network Guiding Stem Cell Differentiation Revealed by Proteomic Cartography of Tumor Necrosis Factor α-Primed Endodermal Secretome
Authors: Arrell D. Kent , Niederländer Nicolas J. , Faustino Randolph S. , Behfar Atta , Terzic Andre 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
In the developing embryo, instructive guidance from the ventral endoderm secures cardiac program induction within the anterolateral mesoderm. Endoderm-guided cardiogenesis, however, has yet to be resolved at the proteome level. Here, through cardiopoietic priming of the endoderm with the reprogramming cytokine tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), candidate effectors of embryonic stem cell cardiac differentiation were delineated by comparative proteomics. Differential two-dimensional gel electrophoretic mapping revealed that more than 75% of protein species increased &gt;1.5-fold in the TNFα-primed versus unprimed endodermal secretome. Protein spot identification by linear ion trap quadrupole (LTQ) tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) and validation by shotgun LTQ-Fourier transform MS/MS following multidimensional chromatography mapped 99 unique proteins from 153 spot assignments. A definitive set of 48 secretome proteins was deduced by iterative bioinformatic screening using algorithms for detection of canonical and noncanonical indices of secretion. Protein-protein interaction analysis, in conjunction with respective expression level changes, revealed a nonstochastic TNFα-centric secretome network with a scale-free hierarchical architecture. Cardiovascular development was the primary developmental function of the resolved TNFα-anchored network. Functional cooperativity of the derived cardioinductive network was validated through direct application of the TNFα-primed secretome on embryonic stem cells, potentiating cardiac commitment and sarcomerogenesis. Conversely, inhibition of primary network hubs negated the procardiogenic effects of TNFα priming. Thus, proteomic cartography establishes a systems biology framework for the endodermal secretome network guiding stem cell cardiopoiesis.
Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
Concise Review: MicroRNA Expression in Multipotent Mesenchymal Stromal Cells
Authors: Lakshmipathy Uma , Hart Ronald P. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractMesenchymal stem cells, or multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC), isolated from various adult tissue sources have the capacities to self-renew and to differentiate into multiple lineages. Both of these processes are tightly regulated by genetic and epigenetic mechanisms. Emerging evidence indicates that the class of single-stranded noncoding RNAs known as microRNAs also plays a critical role in this process. First described in nematodes and plants, microRNAs have been shown to modulate major regulatory mechanisms in eukaryotic cells involved in a broad array of cellular functions. Studies with various types of embryonic as well as adult stem cells indicate an intricate network of microRNAs regulating key transcription factors and other genes, which in turn determine cell fate. In addition, expression of unique microRNAs in specific cell types serves as a useful diagnostic marker to define a particular cell type. MicroRNAs are also found to be regulated by extracellular signaling pathways that are important for differentiation into specific tissues, suggesting that they play a role in specifying tissue identity. In this review, we describe the importance of microRNAs in stem cells, focusing on our current understanding of microRNAs in MSC and their derivatives.Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Inhibits Blood-Brain Glucose Transfer in Humans
Authors: Lerche Susanne , Brock Birgitte , Rungby Jørgen , Bøtker Hans E. , Møller Niels , Rodell Anders , Bibby Bo Martin , Holst Jens J. , Schmitz Ole , Gjedde Albert 
Published: November 2007

OBJECTIVE— Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) has many effects on glucose homeostasis, and GLP-1 receptors are broadly represented in many tissues including the brain. Recent research in rodents suggests a protective effect of GLP-1 on brain tissue. The mechanism is unknown. We therefore tested whether these neuroprotective effects could relate to changes of glucose transport and consumption.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS— We studied 10 healthy men in a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled cross-over experiment. We used positron emission tomography to determine the acute insulin-independent effect of GLP-1 on unidirectional glucose transport into the brain during a pituitary-pancreatic normoglycemic (plasma glucose ∼4.5 mmol/l) clamp with 18-fluoro-deoxy-glucose as tracer.
RESULTS— On average, GLP-1 reduced cerebral glucose transport by 27% in total cerebral gray matter (P = 0.05) and by 25–30% in individual gray matter regions (P = 0.02–0.06). The same regions revealed a uniform trend toward similarly reduced cerebral glucose metabolism. Consequently, the intracerebral glucose concentration remained constant in all regions, with and without GLP-1.
CONCLUSIONS— We have demonstrated that a hormone involved in postprandial glucose regulation also limits glucose delivery to brain tissue and hence provides a possible regulatory mechanism for the link between plasma glucose and brain glucose. Because GLP-1 reduces glucose uptake across the intact blood-brain barrier at normal glycemia, GLP-1 may also protect the brain by limiting intracerebral glucose fluctuation when plasma glucose is increased.
Cyclical and Alternating Infusions of Glucose and Intralipid in Rats Inhibit Insulin Gene Expression and Pdx-1 Binding in Islets
Authors: Hagman Derek K. , Latour Martin G. , Chakrabarti Swarup K. , Fontes Ghislaine , Amyot Julie , Tremblay Caroline , Semache Meriem , Lausier James A. , Roskens Violet , Mirmira Raghavendra G. , Jetton Thomas L. , Poitout Vincent 
Published: November 2007

OBJECTIVE—Prolonged exposure of isolated islets of Langerhans to elevated levels of fatty acids, in the presence of high glucose, impairs insulin gene expression via a transcriptional mechanism involving nuclear exclusion of pancreas-duodenum homeobox-1 (Pdx-1) and loss of MafA expression. Whether such a phenomenon also occurs in vivo is unknown. Our objective was therefore to ascertain whether chronic nutrient oversupply inhibits insulin gene expression in vivo.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Wistar rats received alternating 4-h infusions of glucose and Intralipid for a total of 72 h. Control groups received alternating infusions of glucose and saline, saline and Intralipid, or saline only. Insulin and C-peptide secretion were measured under hyperglycemic clamps. Insulin secretion and gene expression were assessed in isolated islets, and β-cell mass was quantified by morphometric analysis.
RESULTS—Neither C-peptide secretion nor insulin sensitivity was different among infusion regimens. Insulin content and insulin mRNA levels were lower in islets isolated from rats infused with glucose plus Intralipid. This was associated with reduced Pdx-1 binding to the endogenous insulin promoter, and an increased proportion of Pdx-1 localized in the cytoplasm versus the nucleus. In contrast, MafA mRNA and protein levels and β-cell mass and proliferation were unchanged.
CONCLUSIONS—Cyclical and alternating infusions of glucose and Intralipid in normal rats inhibit insulin gene expression without affecting insulin secretion or β-cell mass. We conclude that fatty acid inhibition of insulin gene expression, in the presence of high glucose, is an early functional defect that may contribute to β-cell failure in type 2 diabetes.
Computer-aided diagnosis in two-phase 201Tl-SPECT of thoracic lesions
Authors: Yu Y.-H. , Chang R.-F. , Shen W.-C. , Lin D.-K. , Sun S.-S. , Tu C.-Y. , Chiu K.-L. , Hsu W.-H. 
Published: November 2007

SummaryAim: The retention index, a traditionally quantitative analysis of two-phase 201Tl single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) of the chest, is manually calculated by experienced physicians from comparable 2-D ROI. However, a 3-D ROI would provide more information than a 2-D ROI extracted from a single frame of SPECT. We propose a new diagnostic system, computer-aided diagnosis (CAD), to automatically detect suspicious lesions as 3-D objects on chest 201Tl-SPECT, and assist the physician in interpreting these images. Patients, methods: Seventy patients with thoracic lesions and confirmed diagnoses were enrolled to test this automatic CAD system. The reliability of the CAD system in detecting lesions as 3-D objects was compared to the 2-D ROI of 201Tl-SPECT found by the manually visualized method. Furthermore, we also proposed a novel index, the retention index using the heart (RIH), to differentiate high retention (slow clearance, increasing target to heart ratio) as a criterion for a malignant lesion, from low retention (faster clearance, small or no increase of the target to heart ratio) for benign lesions. Results: The CAD system can achieve a detection rate of 100% in automatically searching for thoracic lesions in 201Tl-SPECT. In diagnostic performance, the CAD system with the RIH of comparable 3-D objects has an area under the ROC curve of 0.86, higher than the 0.78 of the traditional RI method (p = 0.198). Conclusion: The CAD system of two-phase 201Tl-SPECT is a promising tool for detecting and diagnosing thoracic lesions with a diagnostic accuracy of 0.81.
Determinants of final infarct size and incidence of aborted infarction in patients treated with primary coronary intervention and adjunctive abciximab therapy
Authors: Parodi G. , Sotgia B. , Antoniucci D. , Pupi A. , Sciagrà R. 
Published: November 2007

SummaryAims: Assess the determinants of final infarct size in patients successfully treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and abciximab therapy and check whether infarct abortion may occur. Patients, methods: In 208 patients we examined the parameters that predict final infarct size and the incidence of aborted infarction, defined by completely normal perfusion and regional wall motion plus > 50% left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in gated single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) acquired at one month. Results: In linear regression analysis, sex (p < 0.0001), high cholesterol (p < 0.05), Killip class (p < 0.0001), symptom-to-reperfusion time (p < 0.001), admission ST segment elevation (p < 0.0001), infarct related artery (p < 0.05), and pre-procedural TIMI flow (p < 0.002) were significant univariate predictors of final infarct size. In multiple linear regression analysis, symptom-to-reperfusion time (p < 0.001), Killip class (p < 0.0001), ST segment elevation (p < 0.003), and sex (p < 0.03) remained significant predictors, model R2 = 0.53. Aborted infarction was registered in 32 patients, more frequently female (59% versus 21%, p < 0.00001), older (p < 0.02), with larger prevalence of TIMI grade 3 (p < 0.05) and lower ST segment elevation at admission (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Sex, reperfusion delay, and initial infarct severity as indicated by Killip class and/or ST segment elevation appear the determinants of final infarct size in patients treated with primary PCI. The presence of aborted infarction seems related to the same factors and to preserved TIMI 3 flow.