bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Putative Tumor Suppressor microRNA-101 Modulates the Cancer Epigenome by Repressing the Polycomb Group Protein EZH2
Authors: Friedman Jeffrey M. , Liang Gangning , Liu Chun-Chi , Wolff Erika M. , Tsai Yvonne C. , Ye Wei , Zhou Xianghong , Jones Peter A. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
The Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2) mediates epigenetic gene silencing by trimethylating histone H3 lysine 27 (H3K27me3) and is known to aberrantly silence tumor suppressor genes in cancer. EZH2, the catalytic subunit of PRC2, enhances tumorigenesis and is commonly overexpressed in several types of cancer. Our microRNA profiling of bladder transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) patient samples revealed that microRNA-101 (miR-101) is down-regulated in TCC, and we showed that miR-101 inhibits cell proliferation and colony formation in TCC cell lines. Furthermore, our results confirm that miR-101 directly represses EZH2 and stable EZH2 knockdowns in TCC cell lines create a similar growth suppressive phenotype. This suggests that abnormal down-regulation of miR-101 could lead to the overexpression of EZH2 frequently seen in cancer. We conclude that miR-101 may be a potent tumor suppressor by altering global chromatin structure through repression of EZH2. [Cancer Res 2009;69(6):2623–9]
Natural Killer Cells Require Selectins for Suppression of Subcutaneous Tumors
Authors: Sobolev Olga , Stern Patrick , Lacy-Hulbert Adam , Hynes Richard O. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractNatural killer (NK) cells recognize and destroy cancer cells through a variety of mechanisms. They may also modulate the adaptive immune response to cancer by interacting with dendritic cells and T cells. Although NK cells play an important role in tumor suppression, little is known about the mechanisms of their recruitment to tumors. Previously it has been shown that subcutaneous tumor growth is enhanced in mice lacking selectins, a family of cell adhesion molecules that mediate the first step of immune cell entry into tissue from the blood. Here we show that NK cell recruitment to tumors is defective in selectin-deficient mice. In vivo NK cell depletion, either pharmacologic or genetic, leads to enhanced subcutaneous tumor growth, similar to the phenotype observed in the selectin-deficient animals. We also show that although NK cells from selectin-deficient mice appear developmentally normal and are functional in in vitro assays, their in vivo function is impaired. This study reveals a role for selectins in NK cell recruitment to tumors and in regulation of effective tumor immunity. [Cancer Res 2009;69(6):2531–9]
Coordinated Expression of Stathmin Family Members by Far Upstream Sequence Element-Binding Protein-1 Increases Motility in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Singer Stephan , Malz Mona , Herpel Esther , Warth Arne , Bissinger Michaela , Keith Martina , Muley Thomas , Meister Michael , Hoffmann Hans , Penzel Roland , Gdynia Georg , Ehemann Volker , Schnabel Philipp Albert , Kuner Ruprecht , Huber Peter , Schirmacher Peter , Breuhahn Kai 
Published: March 2009

AbstractDynamic instability of the microtubule network modulates processes such as cell division and motility, as well as cellular morphology. Overexpression of the microtubule-destabilizing phosphoprotein stathmin is frequent in human malignancies and represents a promising therapeutic target. Although stathmin inhibition gives rise to antineoplastic effects, additional and functionally redundant microtubule-interacting proteins may attenuate the efficiency of this therapeutic approach. We have systematically analyzed the expression and potential protumorigenic effects of stathmin family members in human non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Both stathmin and stathmin-like 3 (SCLIP) were overexpressed in adenocarcinoma as well as squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) tissues and induced tumor cell proliferation, migration, and matrix invasion in respective cell lines. Accordingly, reduced stathmin and SCLIP levels affected cell morphology and were associated with a less malignant phenotype. Combined inhibition of both factors caused additive effects on tumor cell motility, indicating partial functional redundancy. Because stathmin and SCLIP expression significantly correlated in NSCLC tissues, we searched for common upstream regulators and identified the far upstream sequence element-binding protein-1 (FBP-1) as a pivotal inducer of several stathmin family members. Our results indicate that the coordinated overexpression of microtubule-destabilizing factors by FBP-1 is a critical step to facilitate microtubule dynamics and subsequently increases proliferation and motility of tumor cells. [Cancer Res 2009;69(6):2234–43]
Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 1–Transformed Mammary Epithelial Cells Are Dependent on RSK Activity for Growth and Survival
Authors: Xian Wa , Pappas Leontios , Pandya Darshan , Selfors Laura M. , Derksen Patrick W. , de Bruin Michiel , Gray Nathanael S. , Jonkers Jos , Rosen Jeffrey M. , Brugge Joan S. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractFibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) is frequently amplified and highly expressed in lobular carcinomas of the breast. In this report, we evaluated the biological activity of FGFR1 in a wide range of in vitro assays. Conditional activation of FGFR1 in the nontransformed MCF10A human mammary cell line, MCF10A, resulted in cellular transformation marked by epidermal growth factor–independent cell growth, anchorage-independent cell proliferation and survival, loss of cell polarity, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Interestingly, small-molecule or small interfering RNA inhibition of ribosomal S6 kinase (RSK) activity induced death of the FGFR1-transformed cells, but not of the parental MCF10A cell line. The dependence of FGFR1-transformed cells on RSK activity was further confirmed in cell lines derived from mouse and human lobular carcinomas that possess high FGFR1 activity. Taken together, these results show the transforming activity of FGFR1 in mammary epithelial cells and identify RSK as a critical component of FGFR1 signaling in lobular carcinomas, thus implicating RSK as a candidate therapeutic target in FGFR1-expressing tumors. [Cancer Res 2009;69(6):2244–51]
Antitumor Effect of Retinoic Acid Receptor-β2 Associated with Suppression of Cyclooxygenase-2
Authors: Song Shumei , Guan Baoxiang , Men Taoyan , Hoque Ashraful , Lotan Reuben , Xu Xiao-Chun 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
Retinoic acid receptor-β2 (RAR-β2) is a putative tumor suppressor gene in various cancers. To determine the underlying molecular mechanisms, we transfected RAR-β2 cDNA into esophageal cancer TE-1 and TE-8 cells and found that RAR-β2 suppressed tumor cell growth in vitro and tumor formation in nude mice in TE-8 cells, whereas the stable transfection of RAR-β2 did not restore retinoid sensitivity or inhibit tumor formation in nude mouse in TE-1 cells. Molecularly, we revealed that RAR-β2 antitumor activity was associated with expression and suppression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in these tumor cell lines. Moreover, antisense RAR-β2 cDNA induced COX-2 expression in TE-3 cells. Furthermore, when COX-2 expression is first blocked by using antisense COX-2 expression vector, the effect of RAR-β2 is diminished in these tumor cells. In addition, we analyzed expression of RAR-β2 and COX-2 mRNA in tissue specimens and found that RAR-β2 expression is associated with low levels of COX-2 expression in esophageal cancer tissues. Induction of RAR-β2 expression in oral leukoplakia tissues after the patients treated with 13-cis RA correlated with a reduction in COX-2 expression and clinical response. Our findings indicate that some of RAR-β2 antitumor activities are mediated by suppression of COX-2 expression in some of these esophageal cancer cells. After correlating antitumor effect of RAR-β2 with COX-2 expression in the published studies, we also found the association. Thus, further studies will determine whether manipulation of COX-2 expression in different cancers can antagonize RAR-β2 activity.
Cognitive and language acquisition in typical and aided language learning: A review of recent evidence from an aided communication perspective
Authors: Murray Janice , Goldbart Juliet 
Published: March 2009

Augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) is a discipline that has seen recent developments as a consequence of the worldwide technological revolution. Children with complex communication needs, who benefit from such systems, are now afforded an opportunity to develop independent communication skills. The aim of this paper is to review theory and research relating to language acquisition in typical and aided language learning. Becoming a skilled aided communicator takes many years, but as this review demonstrates, little is known about the processes of skill development. In particular there is limited research evidence to support current language and communication intervention strategies typically used by practitioners working in the field of AAC. This review synthesizes current knowledge within an evidence-based framework and provides a summary to support practice and future research activity.
Development and psychometric validation of a self-administered questionnaire assessing the acceptance of influenza vaccination: the Vaccinees' Perception of Injection (VAPI©) questionnaire
Authors: Chevat Catherine , Viala-Danten Muriel , Dias-Barbosa Carla , Nguyen Van Hung 
Published: March 2009

Abstract

Background
Influenza is among the most common infectious diseases. The main protection against influenza is vaccination. A self-administered questionnaire was developed and validated for use in clinical trials to assess subjects' perception and acceptance of influenza vaccination and its subsequent injection site reactions (ISR).

Methods
The VAPI questionnaire was developed based on interviews with vaccinees. The initial version was administered to subjects in international clinical trials comparing intradermal with intramuscular influenza vaccination. Item reduction and scale construction were carried out using principal component and multitrait analyses (n = 549). Psychometric validation of the final version was conducted per country (n = 5,543) and included construct and clinical validity and internal consistency reliability. All subjects gave their written informed consent before being interviewed or included in the clinical studies.

Results
The final questionnaire comprised 4 dimensions ("bother from ISR"; "arm movement"; "sleep"; "acceptability") grouping 16 items, and 5 individual items (anxiety before vaccination; bother from pain during vaccination; satisfaction with injection system; willingness to be vaccinated next year; anxiety about vaccination next year). Construct validity was confirmed for all scales in most of the countries. Internal consistency reliability was good for all versions (Cronbach's alpha ranging from 0.68 to 0.94), as was clinical validity: scores were positively correlated with the severity of ISR and pain.

Conclusion
The VAPI questionnaire is a valid and reliable tool, assessing the acceptance of vaccine injection and reactions following vaccination.

Trial registration
NCT00258934, NCT00383526, NCT00383539.
Contributions of gut bacteria to Bacillus thuringiensis-induced mortality vary across a range of Lepidoptera
Authors: Broderick Nichole A , Robinson Courtney J , McMahon Matthew D , Holt Jonathan , Handelsman Jo , Raffa Kenneth F 
Published: March 2009

Abstract

Background

Gut microbiota contribute to the health of their hosts, and alterations in the composition of this microbiota can lead to disease. Previously, we demonstrated that indigenous gut bacteria were required for the insecticidal toxin of Bacillus thuringiensis to kill the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar. B. thuringiensis and its associated insecticidal toxins are commonly used for the control of lepidopteran pests. A variety of factors associated with the insect host, B. thuringiensis strain, and environment affect the wide range of susceptibilities among Lepidoptera, but the interaction of gut bacteria with these factors is not understood. To assess the contribution of gut bacteria to B. thuringiensis susceptibility across a range of Lepidoptera we examined larval mortality of six species in the presence and absence of their indigenous gut bacteria. We then assessed the effect of feeding an enteric bacterium isolated from L. dispar on larval mortality following ingestion of B. thuringiensis toxin.

Results

Oral administration of antibiotics reduced larval mortality due to B. thuringiensis in five of six species tested. These included Vanessa cardui (L.), Manduca sexta (L.), Pieris rapae (L.) and Heliothis virescens (F.) treated with a formulation composed of B. thuringiensis cells and toxins (DiPel), and Lymantria dispar (L.) treated with a cell-free formulation of B. thuringiensis toxin (MVPII). Antibiotics eliminated populations of gut bacteria below detectable levels in each of the insects, with the exception of H. virescens, which did not have detectable gut bacteria prior to treatment. Oral administration of the Gram-negative Enterobacter sp. NAB3, an indigenous gut resident of L. dispar, restored larval mortality in all four of the species in which antibiotics both reduced susceptibility to B. thuringiensis and eliminated gut bacteria, but not in H. virescens. In contrast, ingestion of B. thuringiensis toxin (MVPII) following antibiotic treatment significantly increased mortality of Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders), which was also the only species with detectable gut bacteria that lacked a Gram-negative component. Further, mortality of P. gossypiella larvae reared on diet amended with B. thuringiensis toxin and Enterobacter sp. NAB3 was generally faster than with B. thuringiensis toxin alone.

Conclusion

This study demonstrates that in some larval species, indigenous gut bacteria contribute to B. thuringiensis susceptibility. Moreover, the contribution of enteric bacteria to host mortality suggests that perturbations caused by toxin feeding induce otherwise benign gut bacteria to exert pathogenic effects. The interaction between B. thuringiensis and the gut microbiota of Lepidoptera may provide a useful model with which to identify the factors involved in such transitions.
Preliminary data concerning the reliability and psychometric properties of the Greek translation of the 20-item Subjective Well-Being Under Neuroleptic Treatment Scale (SWN-20)
Authors: Siamouli Melina , Moutou Katerina , Pantoula Eleonora , Magiria Stamatia , Chatzivasileiou Irini , Arapidis Konstantinos , Chatzivasileiou Achileas , Deres Simeon , Fountoulakis Konstantinos N 
Published: March 2009

Abstract

Background
The 20-item Subjective Well-Being Under Neuroleptic Treatment Scale (SWN-20) is a self-report scale developed in order to assess the well-being of patients receiving antipsychotic medication independent of the improvement in their psychotic symptoms. The current study reports on the reliability and the psychometric properties of the Greek translation of the SWN-20.

Methods
A total of 100 inpatients or outpatients with schizophrenia (79 males and 21 females, aged 42.6 ± 11.35 years old) from 3 different facilities were assessed with the Positive and Negative Symptoms Scale (PANSS), the Calgary Depression Scale and the Simpson-Angus Scale, and completed the SWN-20. The statistical analysis included the calculation of Pearson product moment correlation coefficient, the Cronbach α and factor analysis with Varimax normalised rotation.

Results
The SWN-20 had an α value equal to 0.79 and all the items were equal. The factor analysis revealed the presence of seven factors explaining 66% of total variance. The correlation matrix revealed a moderate relationship of the SWN-20 and its factors with the PANSS-Negative (PANSS-N), PANSS-General Psychopathology (PANSS-G), the Simpson-Angus and the Calgary scales, and no relationship to age, education and income class.

Discussion
The Greek translation of the SWN-20 is reliable, with psychometric properties close to the original scale.
ATLS® and damage control in spine trauma
Authors: Schmidt Oliver I , Gahr Ralf H , Gosse Andreas , Heyde Christoph E 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
Substantial inflammatory disturbances following major trauma have been found throughout the posttraumatic course of polytraumatized patients, which was confirmed in experimental models of trauma and in vitro settings. As a consequence, the principle of damage control surgery (DCS) has developed over the last two decades and has been successfully introduced in the treatment of severely injured patients. The aim of damage control surgery and orthopaedics (DCO) is to limit additional iatrogenic trauma in the vulnerable phase following major injury. Considering traumatic brain and acute lung injury, implants for quick stabilization like external fixators as well as decided surgical approaches with minimized potential for additional surgery-related impairment of the patient's immunologic state have been developed and used widely. It is obvious, that a similar approach should be undertaken in the case of spinal trauma in the polytraumatized patient. Yet, few data on damage control spine surgery are published to so far, controlled trials are missing and spinal injury is addressed only secondarily in the broadly used ATLS® polytrauma algorithm. This article reviews the literature on spine trauma assessment and treatment in the polytrauma setting, gives hints on how to assess the spine trauma patient regarding to the ATLS® protocol and recommendations on therapeutic strategies in spinal injury in the polytraumatized patient.
Aerosolised surfactant generated by a novel noninvasive apparatus reduced acute lung injury in rats
Authors: Sun Yu , Yang Rui , Zhong Ji-gen , Fang Feng , Jiang Jin-jin , Liu Ming-yao , Lu Jian 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
Introduction
Exogenous surfactant has been explored as a potential therapy for acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). In the present study, a nebuliser driven by oxygen lines found in the hospital was developed to deliver aerosolised porcine pulmonary surfactant (PPS). We hypothesised that aerosolised surfactant inhaled through spontaneous breathing may effectively reduce severe lung injury.

Methods
Rats were intravenously injected with oleic acid (OA) to induce ALI and 30 minutes later they were divided into five groups: model (injury only), PPS aerosol (PPS-aer), saline aerosol (saline-aer), PPS instillation (PPS-inst), and saline instillation (Saline-Inst). Blood gases, lung histology, and protein and TNF-α concentrations in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were examined.

Results
The PPS aerosol particles were less than 2.0 μm in size as determined by a laser aerosol particle counter. Treatment of animals with a PPS aerosol significantly increased the phospholipid content in the BALF, improved lung function, reduced pulmonary oedema, decreased total protein and TNF-α concentrations in BALF, ameliorated lung injury and improved animal survival. These therapeutic effects are similar to those seen in the PPS-inst group.

Conclusions
This new method of PPS aerosolisation combines the therapeutic effects of a surfactant with partial oxygen inhalation under spontaneous breathing. It is an effective, simple and safe method of administering an exogenous surfactant.
Advances in Chemotherapy of Differentiated Epithelial and Medullary Thyroid Cancers
Authors: Sherman Steven I. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
Context: Systemic chemotherapies for advanced or metastatic thyroid carcinomas have been of only limited effectiveness. For patients with differentiated or medullary carcinomas unresponsive to conventional treatments, novel therapies are needed to improve disease outcomes.
Evidence Acquisition: The PubMed and Google Scholar search engines were used to identify publications and peer-reviewed meeting presentations addressing chemotherapy and targeted therapy for differentiated or medullary carcinoma.
Evidence Synthesis: Multiple novel therapies primarily targeting angiogenesis have entered clinical trials for metastatic thyroid carcinoma. Partial response rates up to 30% have been reported in single agent studies, but prolonged disease stabilization is more commonly seen. The most successful agents target the vascular endothelial growth factor receptors, with potential targets including the mutant kinases associated with papillary and medullary oncogenesis. Two drugs approved for other malignancies, sorafenib and sunitinib, have had promising preliminary results reported, and are being used selectively for patients who do not qualify for clinical trials. Randomized trials for several agents are underway that may lead to eventual drug approval for thyroid cancer.
Conclusion: Treatment for patients with metastatic or advanced thyroid carcinoma now emphasizes clinical trial opportunities for novel agents with considerable promise. Alternative options now exist for use of tyrosine kinase inhibitors that are well tolerated and may prove worthy of regulatory approval for this disease.
Intricacies of Bevacizumab-Induced Toxicities and Their Management
Authors: Gressett Sarah M , Shah Sachin R 
Published: March 2009

Objective: To review the serious and common toxicities of bevacizumab and describe their incidence, risk factors, presentation, pathophysiology, and management. Data Sources: Literature for this review article was collected from PubMed, MEDLINE, and the proceedings of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (2000–November 2008). The key terms used in the search were: bevacizumab, vascular endothelial growth factor, angiogenesis inhibitors, toxicity, toxicity management, and adverse event. Study Selection And Data Extraction: Review articles, preclinical studies, and all published Phase 1–3 clinical trials were reviewed. The references listed in identified articles were examined for additional publications. Data Synthesis: The biomedical literature from 2000 to 2008 confirms that bevacizumab carries serious and potentially life-threatening toxicity risks and emphasizes the importance of early recognition, continuous monitoring, and prompt management of these toxicities. Such toxicities include hemorrhage/bleeding, wound healing complications, gastrointestinal perforation, arterial thromboembolism, congestive heart failure, hypertension, proteinuria/nephrotic syndrome, infusion-related hypersensitivity reactions, and reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome. Patients at the highest risk for these toxicities are individuals with a history of hypertension, thromboembolism, bleeding, cardiovascular disease, or preexisting proteinuria, as these conditions may be exacerbated by bevacizumab use. Additionally, particular tumor types correlate with risk for individual toxicities; for example, patients with squamous non–small-cell lung cancer or rectal cancer have a higher risk of bleeding, those with renal cell carcinoma have a higher proteinuria risk, and patients with colorectal cancer have a higher risk of gastrointestinal perforation. Further investigation is warranted to develop effective management strategies for these toxicities. Conclusions: As bevacizumab is becoming widely used in general oncology practice, it is important to understand the toxicities that can arise and to develop practice guidelines for their management.