bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Attentional selectivity for emotional faces: Evidence from human electrophysiology
Authors: Holmes Amanda , Bradley Brendan P. , KRAGH Nielsen Maria , Mogg Karin 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThis study investigated the temporal course of attentional biases for threat‐related (angry) and positive (happy) facial expressions. Electrophysiological (event‐related potential) and behavioral (reaction time [RT]) data were recorded while participants viewed pairs of faces (e.g., angry face paired with neutral face) shown for 500 ms and followed by a probe. Behavioral results indicated that RTs were faster to probes replacing emotional versus neutral faces, consistent with an attentional bias for emotional information. Electrophysiological results revealed that attentional orienting to threatening faces emerged earlier (early N2pc time window; 180–250 ms) than orienting to positive faces (after 250 ms), and that attention was sustained toward emotional faces during the 250–500‐ms time window (late N2pc and SPCN components). These findings are consistent with models of attention and emotion that posit rapid attentional prioritization of threat.
Startle reflex potentiation during aversive picture viewing as an indicator of trait fear
Authors: Vaidyanathan Uma , Patrick Christopher J. , Bernat Edward M. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractMeasures of fearfulness and measures of psychopathy show positive and negative associations, respectively, with startle reflex potentiation during unpleasant picture viewing. We tested the hypothesis that a common bipolar trait dimension underlies these differing associations. Blink responses to noise probes were recorded during pleasant, neutral, and unpleasant pictures in 88 undergraduates assessed with a battery of self‐report scales indexing fear and psychopathy/fearlessness. A significant positive association was found between an omnibus index of fear, consisting of scores on the first component from a principal components analysis of these various scales, and startle potentiation during aversive picture viewing. This association was most robust, across participants overall and within gender subgroups, for scenes that were most directly threatening. Implications for psychophysiological research on individual differences and psychopathology are discussed.
On the representation of words and nonwords in visual short‐term memory: Evidence from human electrophysiology
Authors: Predovan David , Prime David , Arguin Martin , Gosselin Frédéric , Dell'Acqua Roberto , Jolicœur Pierre 
Published: November 2008

AbstractElectrophysiological measures were used to investigate the contribution of lexical status on the maintenance of letter strings in visual short‐term memory (VSTM). The sustained posterior contralateral negativity (SPCN), an electrophysiological marker of storage in VSTM, was measured for words and nonwords as well as scrambled letters. A smaller SPCN was found for words than for nonwords (independently of their pronounceability), indicating that lexical status influences storage in VSTM. One possibility is that words produce a smaller SPCN because they can be recoded to a form that does not require a low‐level representation in VSTM. For exploratory purpose, a comparison between the nonwords and the scrambled nonwords was also made. Based on previous research, the SPCN component should not be affected by the size of the region enclosing to‐be‐encoded objects. Surprisingly, significant differences between the SPCN for nonwords and scrambled letters conditions were found, suggesting that special encoding mechanisms may be recruited to encode word‐like letter strings.
Patterns of alien plant distribution at multiple spatial scales in a large national park: implications for ecology, management and monitoring
Authors: Foxcroft Llewellyn C. , Richardson David M. , Rouget Mathieu , MacFadyen Sandra 
Published: November 2008

ABSTRACTAim  Spatial scale is critical for understanding and managing biological invasions. In providing direction to managing alien plant invasions, much emphasis is placed on collecting spatially explicit data. However, insufficient thought is often given to how the data are to be used, frequently resulting in the incompatibility of the data for different uses. This paper explores the role of spatial scale in interpreting, managing and monitoring alien plant invasions in a large protected area.Location  Kruger National Park, South Africa.Methods  Using 27,000 spatially‐explicit records of invasive alien plants for the Kruger National Park (> 20,000 km2) we assessed alien plant species richness per cell at nine different scales of resolution.Results  When assessing the patterns of alien plants at the various scales of resolution, almost identical results are obtained when working at scales of quarter‐degree grids and quaternary watersheds (the fourth level category in South Africa's river basin classification system). Likewise, insights gained from working at resolutions of 0.1–0.5 km and 1–5 km are similar. At a scale of 0.1 × 0.1 km cells, only 0.4% of the Kruger National Park is invaded, whereas > 90% of the park is invaded when mapped at the quarter‐degree cell resolution.Main conclusions  Selecting the appropriate scale of resolution is crucial when evaluating the distribution and abundance of alien plant invasions, understanding ecological processes, and operationalizing management applications and monitoring strategies. Quarter‐degree grids and quaternary watersheds are most useful at a regional or national scale. Grid cells of 1 to 25 km2 are generally useful for establishing priorities for and planning management interventions. Fine‐scale data are useful for informing management in areas which are small in extent; they also provide the detail appropriate for assessing patterns and rates of invasion.
A Novel Interdisciplinary Analgesic Program Reduces Pain and Improves Function in Older Adults After Orthopedic Surgery
Authors: Morrison R. Sean , Flanagan Steven , Fischberg Daniel , Cintron Alexie , Siu Albert L. 
Published: November 2008

OBJECTIVES: To examine the effect of a multicomponent intervention on pain and function after orthopedic surgery.DESIGN: Controlled prospective propensity score–matched clinical trial.SETTING: New York City acute rehabilitation hospital.PARTICIPANTS: Two hundred forty‐nine patients admitted to rehabilitation after hip fracture repair (n=51) or hip (n=64) or knee (n=134) arthroplasty.INTERVENTION: Pain assessment at rest and with physical therapy (PT) by staff using numeric rating scales (1 to 5). Physician protocols for standing analgesia and preemptive analgesia before PT were implemented on the intervention unit. Control unit patients received usual care.MEASUREMENTS: Pain, analgesic prescribing, gait speed, transfer time, and percentage of PT sessions completed during admission. Pain and difficulty walking at 6, 12, 18, and 24 weeks after discharge.RESULTS: In multivariable analyses intervention patients were significantly more likely than controls to report no or mild pain at rest (66% vs 49%, P=.004) and with PT (52% vs 38%, P=.02) on average for the first 7 days of rehabilitation, had faster 8‐foot‐walk times on Days 4 (9.3 seconds vs 13.2 seconds, P=.02) and 7 (6.9 vs 9.2 seconds, P=.02), received more analgesia (23.6 vs 15.6 mg of morphine sulfate equivalents per day, P<.001), were more likely to receive standing orders for analgesia (98% vs 48%, P<.001), and had significantly shorter lengths of stay (10.1 vs 11.3 days, P=.005). At 6 months, intervention patients were less likely than controls to report moderate to severe pain with walking (4% vs 15%, P=.02) and that pain did not interfere with walking (7% vs 18%, P=.004) and were less likely to be taking analgesics (35% vs 51%, P=.03).CONCLUSION: The intervention improved postoperative pain, reduced chronic pain, and improved function.
Perceptions of Physician Recommendations for Joint Replacement Surgery in Older Patients with Severe Hip or Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Schonberg Mara A. , Marcantonio Edward R. , Hamel Mary Beth 
Published: November 2008

OBJECTIVES: To exfamine patient perceptions of physician discussions and recommendations about total joint arthroplasty (TJA).DESIGN: Prospective cohort study.SETTING: One large academic medical center and four community affiliates in Boston.PARTICIPANTS: One hundred seventy‐four patients aged 65 and older with severe osteoarthritis of the hip or knee for at least 6 months not controlled with medications.MEASUREMENTS: Patient perceptions of primary care physicians' (PCPs) and orthopedists' communication about TJA were assessed at baseline for all patients and at 12 months for those who did not undergo surgery.RESULTS: Of the 174 patients, 49 were aged 80 and older, 82% were non‐Hispanic white, and 69% had knee osteoarthritis. Eighty‐seven percent of individuals with baseline interviews and a PCP (142/163) reported that they had discussed their hip or knee arthritis with their PCP at baseline, and 26% (42/163) reported that their PCP discussed TJA as a treatment option. Of the 128 patients who saw an orthopedist, 65% reported that their orthopedist recommended TJA. Only 29% (51/174) of patients underwent TJA. Those who reported discussing TJA with their PCP at baseline were more likely to undergo TJA (P<.01). Thirty‐six percent (44/123) of the patients who did not undergo TJA reported that their PCP discussed surgery as a treatment option at baseline or at 12month follow‐up.CONCLUSION: Patients with severe osteoarthritis of their hip or knee who report discussing TJA as a treatment option with their PCP are more likely to undergo TJA within the next year, but few older adults report having these discussions. Improvement is needed in communication between PCPs and patients about TJA.
Starting granulocyte–colony‐stimulating factor (filgrastim) early after autologous peripheral blood progenitor cell transplantation leads to faster engraftment without increased resource utilization
Authors: Thompson James M. , Carlton Pam , Akard Luke P. , Dugan Michael J. , Jansen Jan 
Published: November 2008

BACKGROUND: Hematopoietic growth factor support is routinely used after autologous stem cell transplantation. The optimal starting date of this growth factor support has not been established yet, but many engraftment studies now recommend the fifth day after stem cell infusion (Day 5).STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: After switching the start date of granulocyte–colony‐stimulating factor (G‐CSF) support from the day of transplant (Day 0 group), to Day 5 after stem cell infusion (Day 5 group), the impression arose that there was an associated delay in engraftment of both white blood cells and platelets (PLTs). A retrospective analysis of two cohorts was performed with attention to engraftment variables and resource utilization.RESULTS: Patients in the Day 0 group recovered an absolute granulocyte count of more than 0.500 × 109 per L significantly earlier than patients in the Day 5 group (p < 0.001 in log‐rank test; median difference, 1 day). Time to PLT recovery of more than 20 × 109 per L, without transfusion support, was not significantly different between the Day 0 and Day 5 groups (p = 0.16; medians of 10 and 12 days, respectively). Resource utilization, defined as number of red blood cell and PLT transfusions, days with fever or on intravenous antibiotics, days with mucositis, and length of hospital stay, were not significantly different between the two groups (p ≥ 0.15 in each case). Total charges for the transplant episode were also not different between the two groups (p = 0.48).CONCLUSION: Starting G‐CSF support on the day of stem cell infusion, instead of on Day +5, leads to faster hematologic recovery without a significant impact on resource utilization.
Free cholesterol testing as a motivation device in blood donations: evidence from field experiments
Authors: Goette Lorenz , Stutzer Alois , Yavuzcan Gürcan , Frey Beat M. 
Published: November 2008

BACKGROUND: Health tests are often seen as promising donor incentives to improve the supply of blood. However, systematic behavioral evidence on donor recruitment is scarce.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: To study the effectiveness of a free cholesterol test in attracting new donors and motivating previous donors, two field experiments were conducted. In Study 1, 2825 nondonors were randomly assigned to one of three treatments: a solicitation letter, a solicitation letter plus an appeal, or a solicitation letter plus an appeal and the offer of a free cholesterol test. In Study 2, 8269 previous donors were randomly assigned to one of three treatments: a standard invitation, an invitation plus an appeal, or an invitation plus an appeal and a cholesterol test. Marginal effects from probit estimations were calculated to study the effects of the treatments on donors' response.RESULTS: In Study 1, only 0.6 percent reacted to the solicitation letter. There were no significant differences in the response rates between the three treatments. In Study 2, 45.3 percent of the invited previous donors came to donate. The appeal (marginal effect, −0.5%; standard error [SE], 1.9%) and offering a cholesterol test (marginal effect, 1.6%; SE, 1.8%) did not significantly increase the probability of a donation relative to the standard invitation. The treatment effects for the cholesterol test did not systematically differ between frequent and infrequent donors and female and male donors. There is some evidence that young donors responded relatively most positive to the cholesterol test (marginal effect, 4.4%; SE, 2.2%).CONCLUSIONS: Contrary to conclusions from survey studies, free cholesterol testing did not significantly increase donations from nondonors and previous donors during a 3‐month campaign. The two studies show that field experiments are an important method to evaluate donation incentives, because measuring donors' intentions alone can lead to significantly different conclusions.
The Sickle Cell Sabbath: a community program increases first‐time blood donors in the African American faith community
Authors: Price Cynthia L. , Johnson Michael T. , Lindsay Terianne , Dalton Douglas , DeBaun Michael R. 
Published: November 2008

BACKGROUND: Blood transfusion therapy is an established treatment for primary and secondary prevention of strokes in children with sickle cell disease (SCD), a disease that predominantly affects African Americans. African American blood donors are more likely to have compatible minor red blood cell antigens for children with SCD who routinely receive transfusions. This study tested the hypothesis that when informed at church about the importance of blood donation, African Americans will have a higher than expected rate of first‐time blood donation compared to the general population.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: The Sickle Cell Sabbath Program was developed to increase awareness about SCD and the importance of blood donations within the African American faith community. Church involvement in the program included a 5‐minute scripted educational session about SCD that included the importance of blood donations followed by a blood donor drive that was hosted by the church.RESULTS: Thirteen African American churches sponsored 34 blood drives from 2003 through 2006. Each church sponsored at least two blood drives. Approximately 1200 donors participated in the sickle cell blood drives. The majority of the donors were first‐time donors and represented a greater than expected first‐time donor rate when compared to first‐time donors in the metropolitan St Louis area, 60 percent (422 of 699) and 12.2 percent (21,516 of 175,818), respectively (p = 0.001).CONCLUSION: An educational program that engages the African American faith community more than quadruples the rate of expected first‐time blood donors when compared to the general community over this 4‐year period.
Maternal Perceptions of Insufficient Milk Supply in Breastfeeding
Authors: Gatti Lisa 
Published: November 2008

Purpose: Improving the duration of exclusive breastfeeding is a national and international priority. Insufficient milk supply is one of the most commonly cited reasons for early cessation or decreased exclusivity in women who have initiated breastfeeding. This paper is an integrative review of current research pertaining to perceived insufficient milk (PIM).
Design and Methods: CINAHL, MEDLINE, and PubMed were searched combining “human milk” and “milk supply” and “perceived milk supply.” Articles were limited to original research studies related to healthy, full‐term breastfeeding dyads conducted over the past 10 years. Critical review indicated robust findings, limitations, and gaps in this body of literature.
Findings: A lot of women discontinue breastfeeding during the first few weeks of the post‐partum period because of PIM and approximately 35% of all women who wean early report PIM as the primary reason. Many women utilize infant satisfaction cues as their main indication of milk supply and many researchers, clinicians, and breast‐feeding women do not evaluate actual milk supply. The relationships between PIM and socioeconomic or demographic variables as well as early breastfeeding behaviors have not been adequately addressed in the literature.
Conclusions: Recommendations include improvement of maternal education about behaviors to ensure adequate supply, assessment of milk supply, and infant cues as well as further research into the root causes of PIM.
Clinical Relevance: Practitioners involved with maternal child health can improve their care of women and infants by understanding the subjective nature and questionable accuracy of PIM and changing assessment of milk supply.
Breast‐Cancer‐Related Lymphedema: Information, Symptoms, and Risk‐Reduction Behaviors
Authors: Fu Mei R. , Axelrod Deborah , Haber Judith 
Published: November 2008

Purpose: To explore the effect of providing lymphedema information on breast cancer survivors' symptoms and practice of risk‐reduction behaviors.
Design: A cross‐sectional design was used to obtain data from 136 breast‐cancer survivors in New York City from August 2006 to May 2007. Descriptive statistics, t tests, chi‐square tests, and correlations were calculated.
Methods: Data were collected using a demographic and medical information interview tool, two questions regarding status of receiving lymphedema information, the Lymphedema and Breast Cancer Questionnaire, and Lymphedema Risk‐Reduction Behavior Checklist.
Findings: Fifty‐seven percent of the participants reported that they received lymphedema information. On average, participants had three lymphedema‐related symptoms. Only 18% of participants were free of symptoms. Participants who received information reported significantly fewer symptoms (t=3.03; p<0.00) and practicing more risk‐reduction behaviors (t=2.42; p=0.01).
Conclusions: Providing lymphedema information has an effect on symptom reduction and more risk‐reduction behaviors being practiced among breast cancer survivors.
Clinical Relevance: In clinical practice, nurses and other healthcare professionals could consider taking the initiative to provide adequate and accurate information and engage breast‐cancer survivors in supportive dialogues concerning lymphedema risk‐reduction.
Nurses' Body Size and Public Confidence in Ability to Provide Health Education
Authors: Hicks Mary , McDermott Laura L. , Rouhana Nicole , Schmidt Melissa , Seymour Megan Wood , Sullivan Tina 
Published: November 2008

Purpose: To replicate research about confidence level in receiving health teaching from either an overweight or a weight‐appropriate RN.
Methods: A quasi‐experimental post‐test only design was used. Participants were randomly assigned to be shown images of a nurse, either overweight or weight‐appropriate, then asked to rate their confidence in health teaching received from that nurse. Descriptive statistics, t test for independent samples, and covariate analyses were performed.
Results: A significant difference in confidence p=0.000 was noted between participants who viewed the image of a weight‐appropriate nurse and participants who viewed the image of an overweight nurse.
Conclusions: Weight‐appropriate nurses may inspire more confidence in their teaching. Further study is indicated to explore the implications of these findings for practice.
Clinical Relevance: Nurses need to be conscious of clients' perceptions of weight when planning teaching interventions.
Diagnostic value of CD163 in cutaneous spindle cell lesions
Authors: Pouryazdanparast Pedram , Yu Limin , Cutlan Jonathan E. , Olsen Stephen H. , Fullen Douglas R. , Ma Linglei 
Published: November 2008

Background:  The histologic diagnosis of atypical fibroxanthoma (AFX) can sometimes be challenging. No specific marker exists to confirm the diagnosis other than excluding other entities. CD163 has been shown to have great specificity for tumors of monocyte/histiocyte lineage. In this study, we evaluated the diagnostic utility of CD163 in diagnosing AFX and in identifying skin lesions with histiocytic/dendritic derivation.Methods:  A total of 157 cases, including 14 AFXs, 5 spindle cell squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs), and 7 spindle cell/desmoplastic melanomas, along with other cutaneous spindle cell and histiocytic/fibrohistiocytic lesions, were stained with CD163.Results:  CD163 was expressed in 11 of 14 (79%) AFXs, with moderate to strong intensity. No staining was observed in cases of spindle cell SCC (0/5) and dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (0/10). Rare spindle cell/desmoplastic melanomas (2/7) and cutaneous leiomyosarcomas (1/5) demonstrated positive staining. CD163 reactivity was seen in 24 of 29 of benign fibrous histiocytomas (BFHs), including 8 of 8 celular fibrous histiocytomas and 6 of 9 epithelioid cell histiocytomas. The majority of cutaneous histiocytic lesions, including juvenile xanthogranuloma, Langerhans cell histiocytosis and Rosai–Dorfman disease, were positive for CD163.Conclusion:  CD163 is a useful adjunct in distinguishing AFX from other malignant cutaneous spindle cell tumors and offers improved specificity in identifying cutaneous histiocytic/dendritic lesions.
VEGF and MVD expression in sinus augmentation with autologous bone and several graft materials
Authors: Boëck‐Neto RJ , Artese L , Piattelli A , Shibli JA , Perrotti V , Piccirilli M , Marcantonio Jr E 
Published: November 2008

Objective:  The aim of this study was to assess vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression and microvessel density (MVD) in maxillary sinus augmentation with autogenous bone and different graft materials for evaluating their angiogenic potential.Methods:  Biopsies were harvested 10 months after sinus augmentation with a combination of autogenous bone and different graft materials: hydroxyapatite (HA, n = 6 patients), demineralized freeze‐dried bone allograft (DFDBA, n = 5 patients), calcium phosphate (CP, n = 5 patients), Ricinus communis polymer (n = 5 patients) and control group – autogenous bone only (n = 13 patients).Results:  In all the samples, higher intensities of VEGF expression were prevalent in the newly formed bone, while lower intensities of VEGF expression were predominant in the areas of mature bone. The highest intensity of VEGF expression in the newly formed bone was expressed by HA (P < 0.001) and CP in relation to control (P < 0.01) groups. The lowest intensities of VEGF expression in newly formed bone were shown by DFDBA and polymer groups (P < 0.05). When comparing the different grafting materials, higher MVD were found in the newly formed bone around control, HA and CP (P < 0.001).Conclusion:  Various graft materials could be successfully used for sinus floor augmentation; however, the interactions between bone formation and angiogenesis remain to be fully characterized.