bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Space‐Time Coding Metasurface For Multifunctional Holographic Imaging
Authors: Hu Yuan , Chen Shao Nan , Shi Yan , Liu Xi , Wang Jia Yi 
Published: April 2024

AbstractHolographic imaging as one of promising image techniques reconstructs object image using the amplitude and phase information scattered from objects. Programmable metasurface composed of digitally coding unit cells can arbitrarily manipulate amplitude and phase of the scattering wave by tailoring operation states of the unit cells, and thus achieves high‐resolution imaging reconstruction. However, the conventional metasurface can only achieves a desired holographic image on an imaging plane. This paper presented a time‐space coding 2‐bit metasurface to overcome this challenge. By rapidly switching PIN diodes loaded in metasurface unit cell according to the customized time sequences, the magnitude and phase of the ±1st order harmonic fields can be fully controlled, achieving the hologram imaging at the higher order harmonics. The proof‐of‐concept measurements are given to demonstrate the versatile holographic imaging functions at the ±1st order harmonics including two different holographic images on an imaging plane, holographic imaging and beam scanning, and holographic imaging and orbital angular momentum (OAM) wave generation, which undoubtedly enriches the applications of the programmable metasurfaces in the field of the holographic imaging.
A Computational Pipeline for Accurate Prioritization of Protein‐Protein Binding Candidates in High‐Throughput Protein Libraries
Authors: Mondal Arup , Singh Bhumika , Felkner Roland H. , De Falco Anna , Swapna GVT , Montelione Gaetano T. , Roth Monica J. , Perez Alberto 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIdentifying the interactome for a protein of interest is challenging due to the large number of possible binders. High‐throughput experimental approaches narrow down possible binding partners but often include false positives. Furthermore, they provide no information about what the binding region is (e.g., the binding epitope). We introduce a novel computational pipeline based on an AlphaFold2 (AF) Competitive Binding Assay (AF‐CBA) to identify proteins that bind a target of interest from a pull‐down experiment and the binding epitope. Our focus is on proteins that bind the Extraterminal (ET) domain of Bromo and Extraterminal domain (BET) proteins, but we also introduce nine additional systems to show transferability to other peptide‐protein systems. We describe a series of limitations to the methodology based on intrinsic deficiencies of AF and AF‐CBA to help users identify scenarios where the approach will be most useful. Given the method‘s speed and accuracy, we anticipate its broad applicability to identify binding epitope regions among potential partners, setting the stage for experimental verification.
Metal Ion‐Mediated Optical Biosensors with Signal Amplification: Recent Advances
Authors: Jiang Lin , Wang Chao , Xu Lijun , Pei Renjun 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSignal amplification is critical for the detection of meaningful trace targets in the field of biomedicine, food analysis, and environmental protection. A growing number of signal amplification techniques for biosensors involving metal ions have been reported in recent years, due to the merits of simplicity, low cost, and high efficiency. This review summarizes the recent advancement and outlines the signaling methods (i. e. metal‐responsive probes, metal‐catalyzed reactions, regulating catalysis, and atom spectrometry) that metal ions play in biosensing as well as their applications. Besides, the potential and challenges to be addressed in the field are discussed.
Establishment of low‐cost production platforms of polyhydroxyalkanoate bioplastics from Halomonas cupida J9
Authors: Wang Siqi , Liu Yujie , Guo Hongfu , Meng Yan , Xiong Weini , Liu Ruihua , Yang Chao 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMicrobial production of polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) is greatly restricted by high production cost arising from high‐temperature sterilization and expensive carbon sources. In this study, a low‐cost PHA production platform was established from Halomonas cupida J9. First, a marker‐less genome‐editing system was developed in H. cupida J9. Subsequently, H. cupida J9 was engineered to efficiently utilize xylose for PHA biosynthesis by introducing a new xylose metabolism module and blocking xylonate production. The engineered strain J9UΔxylD‐P8xylA has the highest PHA yield (2.81 g/L) obtained by Halomonas with xylose as the sole carbon source so far. This is the first report on the production of short‐ and medium‐chain‐length (SCL‐co‐MCL) PHA from xylose by Halomonas. Interestingly, J9UΔxylD‐P8xylA was capable of efficiently utilizing glucose and xylose as co‐carbon sources for PHA production. Furthermore, fed‐batch fermentation of J9UΔxylD‐P8xylA coupled to a glucose/xylose co‐feeding strategy reached up to 12.57 g/L PHA in a 5‐L bioreactor under open and unsterile condition. Utilization of corn straw hydrolysate as the carbon source by J9UΔxylD‐P8xylA reached 7.0 g/L cell dry weight (CDW) and 2.45 g/L PHA in an open fermentation. In summary, unsterile production in combination with inexpensive feedstock highlights the potential of the engineered strain for the low‐cost production of PHA from lignocellulose‐rich agriculture waste.
Study on the antidepressive effects and mechanism of raw and fried Ziziphi Spinosae Semen via metabolomics and gut microbiota analysis
Authors: Du Chenhui , Han Rui , Wu Jiang , Zhao Ni , Pei Xiangping , Qin Xuemei , Yan Yan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractZiziphi Spinosae Semen (ZSS) and fried ZSS (FZSS) have been used for treating insomnia and depression in China. However, the potential influence of chemical variations on their efficacy remains unclear. This study demonstrated that compared with ZSS, FZSS exhibited an increase in the content of seven compounds, while the fatty oil content decreased. Both ZSS and FZSS exhibited antidepressive effects in a chronic unpredictable mild stress rat model, indicating a synergistic regulation of deficiencies in 5‐hydroxytryptamine in the brain and the hyperactivation of severe peripheral inflammation. ZSS demonstrated a superior modulatory effect compared with FZSS, as indicated by integrated pharmacodynamic index, metabolic profile, and relative distance value. The potential mechanism underlying their antidepressive effects involved the modulation of gut microbiota structure to alleviate excessive inflammatory responses and imbalanced tryptophan metabolism. Correlation analysis indicated that the higher fatty oil contents should be comprehensively considered as the main reason for ZSS's superior antidepressive effects, achieved through the regulation of pyroglutamic acid levels.
An exploration of primary school teachers' perspectives on children's rights
Authors: Yılmaz Bolat Emine , Şahin Leyla , Erdal Muhammed 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis study endeavors to scrutinize the perspectives of primary school teachers regarding children's rights. Employing qualitative research methods, particularly a case study approach, the research delves into the insights of 14 teachers working in a primary school within the Turkish Cypriot region during the 2022–2023 academic year. Data collection was facilitated through the utilization of a semi‐structured interview form, and subsequent analysis was conducted via content analysis. The findings underscore a discernible lack of adequate knowledge among teachers pertaining to children's rights, particularly in the context of violations occurring on social media platforms. In response, recommendations are posited, advocating for the implementation of in‐service training programs to enhance teachers' awareness, the integration of children's rights throughout all stages of primary education, collaborative efforts between the Turkish Education Institution and the Information Technologies Communication Authority to raise awareness among families and educators, and the inclusion of a dedicated course on children's rights in the curriculum of the Turkish Cypriot Region Teacher Academy and university faculties of education.
Effect of ether medium in LiTFSI and LiFSI‐based liquid electrolytes for lithium–sulfur batteries
Authors: Grotkopp Nico L. , Horst Marcella , Garnweitner Georg 
Published: April 2024

AbstractLiquid battery electrolytes are utilized in most battery systems to date as they provide improved electrode contact and ionic conductivity compared to solid electrolytes; however, they pose major challenges regarding safety. Being highly flammable, toxic, and volatile, leakage of such a liquid electrolyte is always considered a major safety risk. Hence, the improvement of liquid electrolytes remains an important goal, especially for high gravimetric energy battery systems like the lithium–sulfur battery (LSB), which is considered a suitable battery type to enable fully electric‐powered aviation. Here, a study on the effects of a variation of the electrolyte media and salt was conducted to establish an inexpensive alternative liquid electrolyte system to the state‐of‐the‐art DOL/DME electrolyte of LSB. The combination of DEGMEE and LiFSI led to the best cycling performance showing an increase in cycling stability (110 cycles at 97% Coulombic efficiency) and specific capacity (~500 mAh g−1 in the 110th cycle) at a moderately high C‐rate of 0.25 C, which for our coin cell system translates to a moderate current of ~1.8 mA (~1.2 mA cm−2).
Construction of DBU–based Poly (ionic liquid)s for the Conversion of CO2, Glycerol, and Propylene Oxide into Glycerol Carbonate
Authors: Luo Cong , Tang Haoru , Lu Houfang , Wu Kejing , Liu Yingying , Zhu Yingming , Wang Binshen , Liang Bin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe development of efficient heterogeneous catalysts for upgrading CO2, a greenhouse gas, and glycerol (Gly), an untapped biomass resource, into glycerol carbonate (GC) remains a challenge. Herein, 1,8‐diazabicyclo[5.4.0] undec–7–ene (DBU)–based poly (ionic liquid)s (PILs) were constructed for the one–pot synthesis of GC from CO2, Gly, and propylene oxide. Among them, P−DVB−DBUVBI–1 exhibited the best catalytic performance, achieving a GC yield of 90 % under optimal reaction conditions (100 °C, 6 h). The PIL catalyst was easily recovered and reused, as demonstrated by stable activity over five cycles. Density functional theory calculations showed that owing the strong positive charge delocalization ability of DBU onium, DBU–based PILs exhibit high nucleophilicity, which is the key to their efficient catalytic performance in the one–pot reaction.
Thermally Induced Structure and Functionality Evolution of a Pt–based Lean NOx Trap Catalyst
Authors: Ren Dezhi , Wang Chengxiong , Yang Dongxia , Wu Yinglong , Feng Feng , Du Junchen , Yu Fei , Zhu Jingfang , Zhao Yunkun 
Published: April 2024

AbstractApplying a NOx trap catalyst to effectively remove NOx contaminants from the oxygen–rich exhaust is still very challenging, due to the lack of use guidance based on deactivation mechanisms. The temperature–dependent Pt sintering rate constant was described using Pt dispersion determined by pulse CO chemisorption. It was found that 700–850 °C was the determining temperature regions for the significant Pt sintering, according to the sintering kinetics and the evolution of active Ptδ+ sites. The weak basicity plays a critical role in trapping NOx at low–temperature (≤300 °C), and the NOx trap efficiency decreases because of the loss of catalytic activity and medium basicity caused by forming BaAl2O4 phase. The reduction of NOx towards N2 on the Pt crystallites smaller than 18 nm is structure sensitive and decreases with losing the reducibility of catalysts. The security for long–time use of a NOx trap catalyst should be exposed to the exhaust gas within 750 °C, and effectively removing NOx contaminants requires it to be worked in the 350–500 °C regions. These findings can guide engineers and applied chemists how to efficiently use a NOx trap catalyst in the automotive exhaust purification system.
Cross‐Coupling Between Aryl Halides and Aryl Alkynes Catalyzed by an Odd Alternant Hydrocarbon
Authors: Sil Swagata , Krishnapriya Anattil Unnikrishnan , Mandal Pallabi , Kuniyil Rositha , Mandal Swadhin K. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractCatalytic cross‐coupling between aryl halides and alkynes is considered an extremely important organic transformation (popularly known as the Sonogashira coupling) and it requires a transition metal‐based catalyst. Accomplishing such transformation without any transition metal‐based catalyst in the absence of any external stimuli such as heat, photoexcitation or cathodic current is highly challenging. This work reports transition‐metal‐free cross‐coupling between aryl halides and alkynes synthesizing a rich library of internal alkynes without any external stimuli. A chemically double‐reduced phenalenyl (PLY)‐based molecule with the super‐reducing property was employed for single electron transfer to activate aryl halides generating reactive aryl radicals, which subsequently react with alkyne. This protocol covers not only various types of aryl, heteroaryl and polyaryl halides but also applies to a large variety of aromatic alkynes at room temperature. With a versatile substrate scope successfully tested on more than 75 entries, this radical‐mediated pathway has been explained by several control experiments. All the key reactive intermediates have been characterized with spectroscopic evidence. Detailed DFT calculations have been instrumental in portraying the mechanistic pathway. Furthermore, we have successfully extended this transition‐metal‐free catalytic strategy for the first time towards solvent‐free cross‐coupling between solid aryl halide and alkyne substrates.
Influence of Lattice Defects on Trans‐Oligoene Substructure Formation in Graphene
Authors: Grote Fabian , Eigler Siegfried 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe photochemical reaction of iodine and graphene induces strong new Raman modes due to the formation of trans‐oligoene substructures in graphene domains. This unique reactivity was demonstrated before on defect‐free graphene, however leaving the influence of e. g. carbon vacancies, unexplored. Here, we investigate the photochemical reaction applied on graphene with varying average distances of lattice defects and statistically analyze the characteristic Raman modes which develop with the iodination reaction. We show that the iodination reaction does not lead to Raman‐active defects and thus, the newly formed trans‐oligoene substructures do not contribute to the D‐mode of graphene. A statistical analysis reveals the correlation between the average distance of lattice defects and the intensity of the v1‐mode. For defective graphene with average defect distances below ~1 nm no new Raman modes evolve, which is the lower limit of the substructure size probed at 532 nm and explains why this observation was not possible before using common graphene oxide as graphene source.
Cybersecurity in Chemieanlagen
Authors: Brombach Felix , Schmidt Artjom 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDie Vernetzung von teilweise alten Systemen birgt die Gefahr von Cyberbedrohungen, die die Sicherheit, Verfügbarkeit und Integrität von Anlagen gefährden. Zudem sind Fachkräfte für Cybersecurity von Betriebstechnik begrenzt verfügbar und auf dem Arbeitsmarkt heiß umkämpft. Eine Analyse zeigt, wie Betreiber mit den möglichen Gefahren für Chemieanlagen mit etablierte Sicherheitspraktiken wie beispielsweise KAS 51 und IEC 62443 umgehen können.
achhaltiges und energieeffizientes Wirtschaften
Authors: Jürgensen Leif 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDas öl geht zur Neige, Strom und Gas werden als taktische Kriegswaffen eingesetzt, unser Planet wird immer wärmer, der Meeresspiegel steigt ‐ die Menschheit kann nicht so weitermachen wie bisher. Was gibt es für neue Ideen, wie jetzt acht Milliarden Menschen nachhaltig auf der Erde leben können?
Digital ‐ aber bitte richtig!
Authors: Molina Mari C. , Trunzer Emanuel 
Published: April 2024

AbstractEthernet‐APL verspricht endlich die Feldebene von Prozessanlagen zu digitalisieren und den vorhandenen Datenschatz im Feld nutzbar zu machen. Neben technischen Fragen steht aber auch die Frage im Raum, wie man solch eine Technologieeinführung möglichst sauber und effizient begleitet. Aus diesem Grund wurde die NAMUR APL Task Force ins Leben gerufen, um die Einführung auch organisatorisch zu begleiten. Und aktuelle Erhebungen zu laufenden Projekten zeigen, dass die Einführung von Ethernet‐APL auf großes Anwenderinteresse stößt und das Potenzial gesehen wird.
Maintainer 2024 vergeben
Authors: Gandert Etwina 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAnlagenverfügbarkeit ist einer der Schlüsselfaktoren für eine gute Anlagenperformance und Produktivität ‐ und das gilt übergreifend für quasi alle Industrieanlagen. Daher spielt die Instandhaltung eine zunehmend wichtige Rolle für Betreiber und ihre Weiterentwicklung wird gefördert. Der Maintainer Award zeichnet Instandhaltungsteams für “Best Practice” und “Innovation” aus und wurde auch dieses Jahr wieder auf den Maindays verliehen. Die Lösungen der Preisträger haben eines gemeinsam: sie nutzen smarte, digitale Tools und machen die Instandhaltung effizienter.
Multi‐site Passivation of ZnO Metal Oxides via Biomolecules for Efficient and Highly Stable Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Ismail Irfan , Khalil Maria , Gao Xiaomei , Chen Xingze , Jawad Muhammad , Huang Rong , Li Zhiyun , Tsiwah Emmanuel Acheampong , Li Wei‐shi , Luo Qun , Ma Chang‐Qi 
Published: April 2024

Comprehensive SummaryZnO nanoparticles (nps) among metal oxide (MOs) are proven to be essential electron transporting layers (ETLs) applied in organic solar cells (OSCs). However, intrinsic defects, interfacial charge recombination, and catalytic behavior towards the active layer restrict the applications of ZnO nps for efficient and long‐term stable OSCs. The commonly available biomolecule cytidine 5'‐monophosphate (CMP‐OH) with phosphonic acid, its salt cytidine 5'‐monophosphate disodium salt (CMP‐ONa) with a phosphate group as an anchoring group and conjugated terminal functional in both analogous molecules provide carrier transfer bridge at bottom interface of the active layer. Systematized theoretical investigations and characterizations have discovered the multi‐site coordination of CMP‐OH towards acceptor molecules and ZnO nps. The dual‐side alignment of CMP analogous molecules hinders interfacial charge recombination and enhances charge transfer potential at once. Inevitably, PM6:L8‐BO‐based OSCs with modified ETL obtain 18.13% efficiency, 12% higher than that of unmodified nps. Besides higher efficiency, CMP‐OH‐based OSC devices illustrate remarkably improved thermal stability for 500 h at 85 °C with 72% of initial PCE and operation stability for 2000 h with 90.1% of initial PCE. This work reveals the passivation mechanism of multi‐anchoring groups towards MOs and single‐functional groups towards the active layer to optimize the interface for efficient and highly stable OSCs.
Investigation of the mechanisms underlying the development and evolution of folds of the cerebrum using gyrencephalic ferrets
Authors: Kawasaki Hiroshi 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe mammalian cerebrum has changed substantially during evolution, characterized by increases in neurons and glial cells and by the expansion and folding of the cerebrum. While these evolutionary alterations are thought to be crucial for acquiring higher cognitive functions, the molecular mechanisms underlying the development and evolution of the mammalian cerebrum remain only partially understood. This is, in part, because of the difficulty in analyzing these mechanisms using mice only. To overcome this limitation, genetic manipulation techniques for the cerebrum of gyrencephalic carnivore ferrets have been developed. Furthermore, successful gene knockout in the ferret cerebrum has been accomplished through the application of the CRISPR/Cas9 system. This review mainly highlights recent research conducted using gyrencephalic carnivore ferrets to investigate the mechanisms underlying the development and evolution of cortical folds.
Arecoline in buccal cells reflects Areca nut dose
Authors: Lai Jennifer F. , Mendez Ana Joy , Li Xingnan , Wilkens Lynne R. , Herzog Thaddeus , Franke Adrian A. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAreca nut (AN) is a carcinogen; its chewing cessation is, therefore, of worldwide interest. However, cessation biomarkers are lacking. We sought to establish arecoline in chewers' buccal cells (BCs) as a biomarker for AN dose. Self‐reported AN doses, expressed as the average AN load (“AANL”), the product of AN amount, chewing time, and chewing frequency, were correlated by regression analysis with chewers' BC arecoline, measured by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. We then determined whether associations differed between Class 1 chewers (who consume AN alone or with slaked lime, leaf, and/or spices) and Class 2 chewers (who consume any combination of the aforementioned ingredients plus tobacco). Among the 103 chewers, 28 Class 1 and 39 Class 2 chewers had detectable arecoline levels, which were used for analyses. A linear regression of cube‐root transformed AANL on equally transformed BC arecoline levels provided the best model fit; resulting slopes and corresponding correlation coefficients were 0.86 and 0.40 (p < 0.01) for all; 1.09 and 0.51 (p < 0.01) for Class 1 chewers; 0.35 and 0.17 (p = 0.29) for Class 2 chewers; and 0.94 and 0.45 (p < 0.01), and 0.79 and 0.37 (p = 0.08), respectively, for those who included or excluded lime. Relationships between AANL and BC arecoline levels were similar between chewers who included or excluded lime (p = 0.76), but less between chewing classes (p = 0.14). This provides confidence that BC arecoline can generally act as a reliable biomarker for AN dose, useful for estimating efficacy in AN cessation studies and population‐based chewing assessments.
The biological characteristics of chicken embryo mesenchymal stem cells isolated from chorioallantoic membrane
Authors: Wu Yue , Wang Yunan , Gan Weijun , Jiang Wei 
Published: April 2024

SummaryMesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from fetal membranes (FMs) have the potential to exhibit immunosuppression, improve blood flow, and increase capillary density during transplantation. In the field of medicine, opening up new avenues for disease treatment. Chicken embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM), as an important component of avian species FM structure, has become a stable tissue engineering material in vivo angiogenesis, drug delivery, and toxicology studies. Although it has been confirmed that chorionic mesenchymal stem cells (Ch‐MSCs) can be isolated from the outer chorionic layer of FM, little is known about the biological characteristics of MSCs derived from chorionic mesodermal matrix of chicken embryos. Therefore, we evaluated the characteristics of MSCs isolated from chorionic tissues of chicken embryos, including cell proliferation ability, stem cell surface antigen, genetic stability, and in vitro differentiation potential. Ch‐MSCs exhibited a broad spindle shaped appearance and could stably maintain diploid karyotype proliferation to passage 15 in vitro. Spindle cells were positive for multifunctional markers of MSCs (CD29, CD44, CD73, CD90, CD105, CD166, OCT4, and NANOG), while hematopoietic cell surface marker CD34, panleukocyte marker CD45, and epithelial cell marker CK19 were negative. In addition, chicken Ch‐MSC was induced to differentiate into four types of mesodermal cells in vitro, including osteoblasts, chondrocytes, adipocytes, and myoblasts. Therefore, the differentiation potential of chicken Ch‐MSC in vitro may have great potential in tissue engineering. In conclusion, chicken Ch‐MSCs may be an excellent model cell for stem cell regenerative medicine and chorionic tissue engineering.