bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hydrogen evolution at MoS2: rationalising the reaction mechanism and outlook for electrocatalyst development
Authors: Parkinson Joseph D. , Rees Neil V. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
MoS2 has seen decades of research into enhancing its electrocatalytic activity towards the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction; however, consistently, the literature has been undecided and often contradictory on the true nature of its active sites. Herein, the understanding of MoS2 active sites has been reviewed, collating chemical evidence across the literature using techniques such as XPS, Raman, and electrochemical studies to deduce a more complete picture of the origins of its catalytic activity. A seemingly contradictory literature landscape has been rationalised, concluding that the most accurate data appears to back sulphur defects, and thus low-coordinate Mo sites, as the active sites of interest, alongside demonstrating how parsing the literature in this way can help locate agreement where only contradiction was thought to reside. Following this, learning from the various techniques used in their elucidation is not only beneficial for future work on this material but also for electrocatalyst development as a whole.
Japan society of clinical oncology position paper on appropriate clinical use of molecular residual disease (MRD) testing
Authors: Kobayashi Shin , Nakamura Yoshiaki , Hashimoto Tadayoshi , Bando Hideaki , Oki Eiji , Karasaki Takahiro , Horinouchi Hidehito , Ozaki Yukinori , Iwata Hiroji , Kato Taigo , Miyake Hideaki , Ohba Akihiro , Ikeda Masafumi , Chiyoda Tatsuyuki , Hasegawa Kosei , Fujisawa Takao , Matsuura Kazuto , Namikawa Kenjiro , Yajima Shugo , Yoshino Takayuki , Hasegawa Kiyoshi 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Although the 5-year relative survival rates for resectable solid tumors have improved over the past few years, the risk of postoperative recurrence necessitates effective monitoring strategies. Recent advancements in molecular residual disease (MRD) testing based on circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) analysis have shown considerable promise in the context of predicting recurrence; however, significant barriers to widespread clinical implementation remain—mainly, low awareness among healthcare professionals, high costs, and lack of standardized assays and comprehensive evidence. This position paper, led by the Japan Society of Clinical Oncology, aims to establish a common framework for the appropriate clinical use of MRD testing in a tumor type-agnostic manner. It synthesizes currently available evidence, reviews region-specific clinical trends, addresses critical clinical questions related to MRD testing, and offers recommendations to guide healthcare professionals, biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies, and regulatory authorities. These recommendations were developed based on a voting process involving 15 expert members, ensuring a consensus-driven approach. These findings underscore the importance of collaborative efforts among various stakeholders in enhancing the clinical utility of MRD testing. This project aimed to foster consensus and provide clear guidelines to support the advancement of precision medicine in oncology and improve patient outcomes in the context of perioperative care.
Endomorphism Algebras of Equivariant Exceptional Collections
Authors: Krug Andreas , Nikolov Erik 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Given an action of a finite group on a triangulated category with a suitable strong exceptional collection, a construction of Elagin produces an associated strong exceptional collection on the equivariant category. In the untwisted case, we prove that the endomorphism algebra of the induced exceptional collection is the basic reduction of the skew group algebra of the endomorphism algebra of the original exceptional collection.
S.P.L. Sørensen, the pH concept and its early history
Authors: Kragh Helge 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Although the two-letter symbol pH is extremely common in chemistry and elsewhere, its origin and early dissemination has only received scant attention among chemists and historians of science. Introduced as a convenient symbol for ‘hydrogen ion exponent’ by the Danish biochemist S.P.L. Sørensen in 1909, after a decade or two pH won broad acceptance in the fields of physiology, biochemistry, medical research, and industrial chemistry in particular. Apart from detailing how pH and related concepts were initially received, this paper examines the language and nomenclature associated with the pH scale until about 1930. What is today written as pH was in the past symbolized in a variety of other ways. Although Sørensen never became a Nobel laureate, he was nominated many times and the evaluations of the Nobel committees throw further light on how his innovation was conceived by contemporary chemists and physiologists. The paper also discusses, if in less detail, how the original definition

$${\text{pH}} = - {\text{log}}\left[ {{\text{H}}^{ + } } \right]$$

pH
=
-
log

H

+

was revised in the early 1920s into the currently accepted form involving hydrogen ion activities rather than concentrations. The paper is essentially but not strictly limited to the period from about 1905 to the mid-1930s.
A highly accurate Mamdani fuzzy inference system for tennis match predictions
Authors: Tüű-Szabó Boldizsár , Kóczy László T. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This paper presents a Mamdani fuzzy inference system (FIS) designed for predicting tennis match outcomes with greater accuracy compared to existing models such as the Weighted Elo (WElo) ranking system. By integrating factors like historical performance, surface-specific proficiency, and recent form trends, the Mamdani FIS provides a nuanced approach to forecasting match results. Central to this method is the optimization of membership functions using a Bacterial Evolutionary Algorithm (BEA), which fine-tunes parameters to better model uncertainties inherent in sports analytics. This is the further development of Nawa and Furuhashi’s original approach of fuzzy system parameter discovery, which operates on the stricter conditions concerning the membership function shapes. The study demonstrates that the Mamdani FIS outperforms the traditional methods in both predictive accuracy and profitability of betting strategies. Through extensive validation, the model achieves higher accuracy and lower log loss metrics, indicating improved reliability in prediction outcomes. Additionally, the Mamdani FIS consistently yields higher returns on investment across various betting scenarios, showcasing its practical utility in sports betting applications. Overall, the proposed Mamdani FIS represents a robust tool for tennis match prediction, with potential extensions to other sports and predictive contexts. Future research may explore incorporating additional variables and applying this fuzzy inference approach to broader areas of sports analytics.
Atopic dermatitis: a comprehensive updated review of this intriguing disease with futuristic insights
Authors: Abdel-Mageed Heidi M. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a paradigmatic prevalent, long-lasting, and inflammatory skin condition with a diverse range of clinical manifestations. The etiology and clinical symptoms of AD are influenced by complex pathophysiological processes, which involve a strong genetic component, epidermal dysfunction, and immunological dysregulation, and a strong influence of other physiological and environmental factors. The FDA has approved targeted and well-tolerated immunomodulators including biologics like dupilumab and crisaborole, and small molecules such as baricitinib, as novel therapies for AD. They effectively treat AD but are too expensive for most patients. The review provides an update on the state of knowledge of AD pathogenesis, discusses the available diagnostic and scoring indices, and provides a scientific foundation for treatment methods for AD. This review also presents data on clinical efficacy of innovative treatments’ considering recent guidelines, emphasizing the newest medications and ongoing trials. Finally, the new implication of artificial intelligence (AI) in AD management is explored, where AI can speed up diagnosis and therapy. The PubMed, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect databases were used for this review.

Graphical Abstract
Canopy cover has divergent effects on movement of closely related bumble bees in managed conifer forest landscapes
Authors: Zitomer Rachel A. , Pope Nathaniel S. , Epps Clinton W. , Crowhurst Rachel S. , Rivers James W. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Context
Functional connectivity—the degree to which landscape features facilitate or impede movement among resource patches—affects animal survival, health, and ability to cope with environmental changes. This is particularly important in heterogeneous landscapes prone to rapid change, such as intensively managed forests.

Objectives
We aimed to quantify the effects of forest canopy cover and roads on foraging movement of two closely related bumble bee species (Bombus vosnesenskii and Bombus caliginosus) in coniferous forest landscapes intensively managed for timber. We also assessed whether early seral forest configuration predicted site-level colony abundance for each species.

Methods
We sampled bumble bees and surveyed floral resources in 75 sites in three study landscapes in the central Oregon Coast Range. We modeled the effects of forest canopy cover and secondary road cover on foraging range using a genetic capture-recapture approach and modeled colony abundance as a function of site-level structural connectivity of early seral forest.

Results
We found evidence that canopy cover impeded foraging movement of B. vosnesenskii but not of B. caliginosus. Roads had neutral or inhibitory effects on B. vosnesenskii movement depending on the landscape but only inhibitory effects on B. caliginosus movement. Colony abundance was not related to site-level connectivity for either species.

Conclusions
Our study demonstrates that landscape features can have divergent effects on space use of even closely related taxa and that site-level response variables may not always reflect functional connectivity. Management of early seral forest habitats should consider not only patch quality but also configuration and species-specific permeability of matrix features.
Pan-Canadian Predictive Modeling of Lithium–Cesium–Tantalum Pegmatites with Deep Learning and Natural Language Processing
Authors: Parsa Mohammad , Lawley Christopher J. M. , Cawood Tarryn , Martins Tania , Cumani Renato , Zhang Steven E. , Thompson Aaron , Schetselaar Ernst , Beyer Steve , Lentz David R. , Harris Jeff , Fam Hossein Jodeiri Akbari , Voinot Alexandre 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The discovery of new lithium resources is essential because lithium plays a vital role in the manufacturing of green technology. Along with brines and volcano–sedimentary deposits, approximately a one-third share of global lithium resources is associated with lithium-cesium-tantalum (LCT) pegmatites, with Canada hosting numerous examples. This research applied generative adversarial networks, natural language processing, and convolutional neural networks to generate mineral prospectivity models and support exploration targeting for Canadian LCT pegmatites. Geoscientific text data included within public bedrock geology maps and natural language processing were used to convert conceptual targeting criteria into evidence layers that complement more traditional, geophysical and geochronological data used for mineral prospectivity modeling (MPM). A multilayer architecture of convolutional neural networks, including an attention mechanism, was designed for data modeling. This architecture was trained and validated using variable synthetically generated class labels, input image sizes, and hyperparameters, resulting in an ensemble of 1000 models. The uncertainty of the ensemble was analyzed using a risk–return analysis, yielding a bivariate choropleth risk–return plot that facilitates the interpretation of prospectivity models for downstream applications. This was further complemented by employing post hoc interpretability algorithms to translate the black-box nature of neural networks into comprehensible content. The low-risk and high return class of our prospectivity models reduces the search space for discovering LCT pegmatites by 88%, delineating 99% of known LCT pegmatites in Canada. The results of this study suggest that our workflow (i.e., combining synthetic data generation, natural language processing, convolutional neural networks, and uncertainty propagation for MPM) facilitates decision-making for regional-scale lithium exploration and could also be applied to other mineral systems.
Media coverage of corporate social irresponsibility and firm equity risk
Authors: Gutknecht Dominic 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This study aims to empirically investigate the impact of media coverage of corporate social irresponsibility (CSI) on firm equity risk. I apply two-way fixed effects regression models using a panel dataset covering 6928 listed firms from 20 countries between 2007 and 2021 to empirically assess the impact of CSI media coverage on different types of firm equity risk. Based on daily return data, I calculate firms’ quarterly total (volatility), systematic (beta), unsystematic (idiosyncratic volatility), and crash (down-to-up volatility and negative coefficient of skewness) risk. I find that news articles criticising firms for social, environmental, and governance issues increase total, unsystematic, and crash risk. While the risk-generation effect is largest for CSI coverage in high-reach media, criticism expressed in limited-reach sources, including local media, smaller NGOs, local governmental bodies, and social media, is also statistically significant and economically meaningful. Furthermore, I demonstrate that the risk-generation effect is larger for small firms and for media coverage that includes criticism of governance issues. This is the first study that explicitly explores the impact of CSI media coverage on different types of firm equity risk and hence extends previous research on the risk-generating effect of CSI, which is complementary to the stream of literature about the risk-mitigating effect of corporate social performance.
Reflections of Pre-Service Science Teachers’ Understanding of the Nature of Science on a Socioscientific Issue
Authors: Şen Ayşenur , Öztuna Kaplan Aysun 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This study aims to determine third-year pre-service science teachers’ conceptions of the nature of science (NOS) to examine the reflections of their NOS conceptions in the process of socioscientific reasoning and to address the status of their NOS conceptualizations in scientific and socioscientific contexts. The research used a qualitative design. Views about the Nature of Science Questionnaire-C (VNOS-C) and Decision-Making Survey on Socioscientific Issues: COVID-19 (SBKKA-COVID-19) were used as data collection tools. Descriptive analysis and content analysis were used together to analyze the data. The study’s findings show that pre-service teachers generally have a naive understanding of NOS and that the reflection of their understanding of the nature of science on the socioscientific reasoning process is limited. It is seen that there are differences in their understanding of scientific and socioscientific contexts in the sub-dimensions of the changeability of scientific knowledge and understanding of the role of sociocultural factors in science. The findings obtained from the study were discussed using the related literature, and some inferences were made regarding science education.
Order, Language, and Property: Textual Formulae and Legal Relations in the Mycenaean Greek Land Records
Authors: Nikias K. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Since the earliest Ancient Greek written records from the Mycenaean palaces (ca. 1450–1200 BC) contain no laws, contracts, or judicial decisions, some scholars have considered them unsuitable evidence for legal historical study. Yet this large body of administrative documents reveals much about the operation of the land regime and the interaction of property relations with the central power of the palaces. This article offers a treatment of the relationship between structures in language and normativity in the administrative records relating to land from Late-Bronze-Age Pylos, in particular focussing on a family of textual formulae constructed with the preposition pa-ro, which represents a derivative proprietary relation. By focussing on how the records represent the land regime through the use of this formula, and what inconsistencies in its use may tell us, this article explores how we can analyse textual strategies towards an understanding of the system of order in documentary sources. While the tablets are not formally ‘legal’ or normative sources, a study of strategic patterns in the structure of the texts, as well as their inconsistencies and limitations, together shows that normative and legal relations are indeed represented in the records, but appear to be more complex than what is written down. The technical language used by the Mycenaean administrators does not construct a perfectly applied system of abstractions, which has consequences for our understanding of power in the period, perhaps indicating that the complicated sphere of land relations operated partly beyond the palatial system of order. Through this case study this article proposes a method for a more critical approach to normativity in documentary records more generally. The approach outlined here for critically analysing formulae which carry legal meanings may be applied in other contexts using the evidence of ‘practice’, which has often been sidelined by legal historians in favour of normative or formal legal texts.
Public endorsement of social explanations for mental illness: an investigation of demographic predictors and links to stigma
Authors: Huggard Leigh , O’Connor Cliódhna 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Previous research has indicated that biological attributions for mental illness are linked to stigma attitudes, but the implications of social attributions have received less empirical attention. This study aimed to explore the extent to which four distinct types of social attributions, along with biological attributions, relate to stigma, and how attribution tendencies vary by sociodemographic characteristics. Participants (N = 500) over the age of 18 from the UK and Ireland were recruited to an online repeated-measures survey, where they rated how important they believed different causal factors were in the aetiology of depression, schizophrenia, PTSD, and anorexia nervosa. Participants also completed demographic and attitudinal measures, including their desire for social distance from people with each mental illness. The importance people placed on the attributions varied by gender, prior knowledge of mental illness, and the type of mental illness. Violence/abuse was rated as the most important cause for depression, PTSD, and anorexia nervosa, while heredity/biological factors were rated as most important for schizophrenia. Overall, higher attributions to sociopolitical turmoil were associated with lower stigma. Attributions to heredity/biological factors were associated with greater stigma. There was no association between stigma and attributions to life circumstances, violence/abuse or relational challenges. Results indicate that explanations that emphasise experiences of sociopolitical turmoil as determinants may promote more tolerant attitudes towards people with mental illness. The findings hold implications for clinical practice and could aid in predicting the degree of stigma people with mental health conditions may face. Mental health practitioners, commentators, and policy-makers should be mindful of the potential negative implications of certain aetiological explanations.
Mindfulness in Preadolescents—A Feasibility Study on the Efficacy and Acceptance of a School-Based Training (“8SAM”)
Authors: Zeislmeier Anna L. , Wolter Vanessa B. , Eskic Jasmina , Hammerle Florian 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Objectives
Interest in mindfulness-based programs for students in school settings is growing. Few such programs exist for secondary schools in Germany and none is specifically tailored for integration into the full-year 5th grade school curriculum. Moreover, qualitative surveys of student acceptance are lacking. Therefore, this study assessed the efficacy and acceptance of a school-based mindfulness training (“8SAM”) tailored for preadolescents in the 5th grade.

Methods
In this feasibility study, the mindfulness training was implemented by trained classroom teachers in a German gymnasium (a type of secondary school) as part of the regular school curriculum for an entire school year. In total, 95 preadolescents aged 10–12 years participated. Following a mixed-methods approach, both quantitative and qualitative instruments were employed. Self-report measures based on the German version of the Child and Adolescent Mindfulness Measure (CAMM) were longitudinally assessed at baseline (t
0), mid-intervention (t
1), and post-intervention (t
2). Acceptance of the training was surveyed using quantitative and qualitative self-reports.

Results
A one-way repeated measures ANOVA revealed a significant main effect of time (F(1.66, 151.41) = 14.23, p < 0.001,

$${\eta }_{p}^{2}$$

η

p

2

= 0.14), with mindfulness increasing at t
1 and t
2. Acceptance was more ambiguous: 52.43% of preadolescents liked the “quiet” and “calm” atmosphere or interactive exercises whereas 17% rated the training as “boring.”

Conclusions
The findings suggest that 8SAM (a) can be implemented by classroom teachers as part of the regular full-year 5th grade curriculum and (b) may increase mindfulness in preadolescents. Furthermore, (c) to increase preadolescents’ subjective benefits and acceptance, more age-appropriate didactic approaches need to be identified and implemented.

Preregistration
This study is registered at the German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS00015044).
Time-Dependent Strategies in Repeated Asymmetric Public Goods Games
Authors: Hübner Valentin , Hilbe Christian , Staab Manuel , Kleshnina Maria , Chatterjee Krishnendu 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The public goods game is among the most studied metaphors of cooperation in groups. In this game, individuals can use their endowments to make contributions towards a good that benefits everyone. Each individual, however, is tempted to free-ride on the contributions of others. Herein, we study repeated public goods games among asymmetric players. Previous work has explored to which extent asymmetry allows for full cooperation, such that players contribute their full endowment each round. However, by design that work focusses on equilibria where individuals make the same contribution each round. Instead, here we consider players whose contributions along the equilibrium path can change from one round to the next. We do so for three different models – one without any budget constraints, one with endowment constraints, and one in which individuals can save their current endowment to be used in subsequent rounds. In each case, we explore two key quantities: the welfare and the resource efficiency that can be achieved in equilibrium. Welfare corresponds to the sum of all players’ payoffs. Resource efficiency relates this welfare to the total contributions made by the players. Compared to constant contribution sequences, we find that time-dependent contributions can improve resource efficiency across all three models. Moreover, they can improve the players’ welfare in the model with savings.