bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cultural Psychology, Consciousness and Theology: Continuing the Dialogue
Authors: Hampson Peter 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThis essay extends arguments that cultural psychology is useful for dialogue with Christian theology by indicating its relevance for theologies of consciousness. Donald's cultural account is outlined, followed by Davies's theological treatment of compassionate consciousness. Interactions are considered between the two approaches, which are shown to be co‐implicated in the teaching ministry of Jesus, and the subsequent development of the Christian religion, and to accompany the shift from discipleship, through apostleship, to a trans‐generational cultural‐symbolic system assisted by the development of theology. The essay concludes with reflections on the challenge to psychology of the ontological reality of being ‘in Christ’.
Paediatric and adolescent horse‐related injuries: Does the mechanism of injury justify a trauma response?
Authors: Craven John A 
Published: July 2008

AbstractObjective:  To identify the frequency, variety and disposition of horse‐related injury presentations to the ED and to use this information to evaluate the existing institutional trauma team activation criteria following horse‐related injuries.Methods:  A retrospective case analysis was performed of all horse‐related injury presentations to the ED of Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, Australia, in the 5 year period between January 1999 and December 2003.Results:  A total of 186 children presented with horse‐related injuries during the 5 year study period. The median age of injury was 9 years (range 1–17 years), with 81% of presentations female and 60% of patients hospitalized. The mechanism of injury was divided into four groups: 148 falls (79%), 28 kicks (15%), 7 tramples (4%) and 5 bites (3%). There was one death. Seven presentations rated an Injury Severity Score >15, with full trauma team activation occurring for two of these presentations.Conclusion:  Although horse‐related injury presentations are uncommon, severe injuries do occur. Patients presenting with severe horse‐related injuries do not always activate a full trauma team response based on current trauma team activation criteria. These severe injury presentations are supported by a limited trauma team response, which activates on the mechanism of injury. The effectiveness of this as a contingency system needs to be evaluated.
Migratory movements and surfacing rates of humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) satellite tagged at Socorro Island, Mexico
Authors: Lagerquist Barbara A. , Mate Bruce R. , Ortega‐Ortiz Joel G. , Winsor Martha , Urbán‐Ramirez Jorge 
Published: July 2008

AbstractHumpback whales wintering in the Revillagigedo Archipelago, Mexico, have been considered a different subpopulation from those found off mainland Mexico and Baja California. The primary feeding grounds for Revillagigedo humpbacks remain unknown. In February 2003, we deployed 11 Argos satellite‐monitored radio tags to track movements and surfacings of humpback whales (five adults without calves, five mothers with calves, one calf) off Socorro Island in the Revillagigedo Archipelago. Tracking ranged from 222 to 10,481 km over 4.9–149.1 d. Eight whales left Socorro Island: five visited other Mexican wintering destinations, seven moved north of these areas. Migration routes were primarily offshore (average 444 km). Two whales were tracked to feeding grounds: one to British Columbia (46 d migration), and one to Alaska (49 d migration). Mean travel speeds were 1.2 km/h in wintering areas, 4.0 km/h during migration, and 2.2 km/h in feeding areas. Overall surfacing rates ranged from 21 to 88 surfacings/h. Surfacing rates differed between the calf and all other whales, and between feeding areas and migratory/wintering areas for the calf and an adult without a calf. The calf also showed diel variation in surfacing rates. The offshore habits of tagged whales may explain scarce resightings of Revillagigedo humpbacks outside the Revillagigedo Archipelago.
Florida red tide and brevetoxins: Association and exposure in live resident bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) in the eastern Gulf of Mexico, U.S.A.
Authors: Fire Spencer E. , Flewelling Leanne J. , Wang Zhihong , Naar Jerome , Henry Michael S. , Pierce Richard H. , Wells Randall S. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractBottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) along the Gulf of Mexico are frequently exposed to blooms of the toxic alga, Karenia brevis, and brevetoxins associated with these blooms have been implicated in several dolphin mortality events. Studies on brevetoxin accumulation in dolphins have typically focused on analyses of carcasses from large‐scale die‐offs; however, data are scarce for brevetoxin loads in live individuals frequently exposed to K. brevis blooms. This study investigated in vivo brevetoxin exposure in free‐ranging bottlenose dolphins resident to Sarasota Bay, Florida, utilizing samples collected during health assessments performed during multiple K. brevis blooms occurring from 2003 to 2005. Brevetoxins were detected by ELISA and LC‐MS in 63% of bottlenose dolphins sampled (n= 30) concurrently with a K. brevis bloom. Brevetoxins were present in urine and gastric samples at concentrations ranging from 2 to 9 ng PbTx‐3 eq/g, and in feces at concentrations ranging from 45 to 231 ng PbTx‐3 eq/g. Samples from individuals (n= 12) sampled during nonbloom conditions (≤1,000 cells/L) were negative for brevetoxin activity. Brevetoxin accumulation data from this study complement dolphin carcass and prey fish data from the same study area, and aid in evaluating impacts of harmful algal blooms on sentinel marine animal species along the west Florida coast.
Transglutaminases and Transglutaminase‐Catalyzed Cross‐Links Colocalize with the Pathological Lesions in Alzheimer's Disease Brain
Authors: Wilhelmus Micha M.M. , Grunberg Sentini C.S. , Bol John G.J.M. , Van Dam Anne‐Marie , Hoozemans Jeroen J.M. , Rozemuller Annemieke J.M. , Drukarch Benjamin 
Published: July 2008

AbstractAlzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by pathological lesions, in particular senile plaques (SPs), cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), predominantly consisting of self‐aggregated proteins amyloid beta (Aβ) and tau, respectively. Transglutaminases (TGs) are inducible enzymes, capable of modifying conformational and/or structural properties of proteins by inducing molecular covalent cross‐links. Both Aβ and tau are substrates for TG cross‐linking activity, which links TGs to the aggregation process of both proteins in AD brain. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of transglutaminase 1 (TG1), transglutaminase 2 (TG2) and TG‐catalyzed cross‐links with the pathological lesions of AD using immunohistochemistry. We observed immunoreactivity for TG1, TG2 and TG‐catalyzed cross‐links in NFTs. In addition, both TG2 and TG‐catalyzed cross‐links colocalized with Aβ in SPs. Furthermore, both TG2 and TG‐catalyzed cross‐links were associated with CAA. We conclude that these TGs demonstrate cross‐linking activity in AD lesions, which suggests that both TG1 and TG2 are likely involved in the protein aggregation processes underlying the formation of SPs, CAA and/or NFTs in AD brain.
Sensitivity and specificity of Anti‐HBc screening assays – which assay is best for blood donor screening?
Authors: HOURFAR M. K. , WALCH L. A. , GEUSENDAM G. , DENGLER T. , JANETZKO K. , GUBBE K. , FRANK K. , KARL A. , LÖHR M. , SIREIS W. , SEIFRIED E. , SCHMIDT M. 
Published: July 2008

SummaryCompared to HIV and hepatitis C virus, the residual infectious risk of hepatitis B virus (HBV) posed by blood products is about 10 times higher. In addition to HBsAg testing, screening for anti‐HBc was recommended by the German Advisory Committee Blood in March 2005. Prevalence of anti‐HBc in German blood donors was investigated at five test sites located in different geographic regions. In total, 12 000 blood donors were screened for anti‐HBc by PRISM® HBcore, and a statistically representative number of these were tested with Abbott Murex® anti‐HBc total, bioMérieux Hepanostika® anti‐HBc uniform, Bio‐Rad Monolisa® anti‐HBc PLUS and Dade Behring Enzygnost® anti‐HBc. Anti‐HBc repeat reactive samples were tested for anti‐HBs, anti‐HBe and HBV DNA by individual donation NAT. The mean prevalence of anti‐HBc was 1.75% in donors that had not been tested for anti‐HBc in the past. The percentage of anti‐HBs in anti‐HBc repeat reactive donors was 93.7%. Samples that were additionally reactive for anti‐HBe were anti‐HBc reactive in all tested assays. The sample to cut‐off (S/Co) values for anti‐HBc were lower (competitive assays) in samples that were also positive for anti‐HBe, when compared to samples that were only anti‐HBc reactive. Most commercially available anti‐HBc assays provide sufficient sensitivity for routine screening purposes, and lacking specificity is no longer a serious issue for most of them. Assay differences were recognized for samples that were anti‐HBc only reactive. The overall loss of 1.75% of positive testing donors can be significantly reduced to 0.45% by implementation of re‐entry procedures for donors with an anti‐HBs titre of over 100 IU/l and negative by sensitive ID‐NAT.
Clinal patterns of desiccation and starvation resistance in ancestral and invading populations of Drosophila subobscura
Authors: Gilchrist George W. , Jeffers Lisa M. , West Brianna , Folk Donna G. , Suess Jeremy , Huey Raymond B. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractAs invading species expand, they eventually encounter physical and biotic stressors that limit their spread. We examine latitudinal and climatic variation in physiological tolerance in one native and two invading populations ofDrosophila subobscura. These flies are native to the Palearctic region, but invaded both South and North America around 1980 and spread rapidly across 15° of latitude on each continent. Invading flies rapidly evolved latitudinal clines in chromosome inversion frequencies and in wing size that parallel those of native populations in the Old World. Here we investigate whether flies on all three continents have evolved parallel clines in desiccation and starvation tolerance, such that flies in low‐latitude regions (hot, dry) might have increased stress resistance. Starvation tolerance does not vary with latitude or climate on any continent. In contrast, desiccation tolerance varies clinally with latitude on all three continents, although not in parallel. In North American and Europe, desiccation tolerance is inversely related to latitude, as expected. But in South America, desiccation tolerance increases with latitude and is greatest in relatively cool and wet areas. Differences among continents in latitudinal patterns of interspecific‐competition potentially influence clinal selection for physiological resistance, but no simple pattern is evident on these continents.
Characterization of New Formalin-Detoxified Botulinum Neurotoxin Toxoids
Authors: Keller James E. 
Published: July 2008

ABSTRACTAntigenicities of several formalin-detoxified botulinum neurotoxin preparations were measured by inhibition and sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and immunogenicity was studied in mice. The toxoids were derived primarily from the serotype A 150-kDa neurotoxin protein, while one toxoid was derived from the naturally occurring 900-kDa toxin-hemagglutinin complex. Antigenicity was severely compromised in two commercially available toxoids. A variety of new toxoids were synthesized in-house by optimizing formaldehyde reaction conditions. Three of the resulting toxoids were found to be antigenically identical to the native toxin, as measured by inhibition ELISA, in spite of showing a reduction of toxicity by more than 100,000-fold. Sandwich ELISAs indicated that the in-house toxoids were two- to threefold less antigenic than the neurotoxin compared to commercial toxoids, which were about 100-fold less antigenic. Mice were immunized twice, on day 0 and day 14. By day 28, relatively high toxin-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) titers were detected in animals that had received any of the in-house toxoids, with greater than 99% being IgG1 and the remainder being IgG2. These immunized mice remained asymptomatic after being challenged with 50 to 1,000,000 50% lethal dose (LD50) units of the 900-kDa neurotoxin. In contrast, animals immunized with several different batches of commercially available toxoids did not develop measurable toxin-specific antibody titers. However, these mice survived neurotoxin challenges with 2 LD50units but died when challenged with 6 LD50units. Neutralizing titers measured from pools of sera generated with the in-house toxoid preparations ranged from 2.5 to 5 U/ml. In terms of predicting immunogenicity, inhibition ELISAs comparing each formalin toxoid to the parent toxin provided good insight for screening the new toxoids as well as for estimating their relative in vivo potencies. Inhibition ELISA data indicate that those toxoids that most closely resemble the native toxin are highly immunogenic and protective. The superior quality of these new toxoids makes them useful tools for continued use in ELISA development and for antitoxin production.
Matched Case-Control Study of Effectiveness of Live, Attenuated S
79
Mumps Virus Vaccine against Clinical Mumps
Authors: Fu Chuanxi , Liang Jianhua , Wang Ming 
Published: July 2008

ABSTRACT

Mumps virus infection is a potentially serious viral infection of childhood and early adulthood. In China, live, attenuated S
79
mumps virus vaccine has been licensed for pediatric use since 1990. There has been no assessment of its efficacy. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of live, attenuated S
79
mumps virus vaccine against clinical mumps. Cases were selected from the China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention during September 2004 to March 2005. Each case was matched to a control by gender, age, and area of residency. In all, 469 cases and 469 controls were enrolled in the study. Vaccination information was obtained from the Children's EPI Administrative Computerized System. Vaccine effectiveness (VE) was calculated for one or two doses of S
79
vaccine, with 95% confidence intervals (CI). VE of mumps virus vaccine for one dose versus none was protection of 86.0% (95% CI, 77.2% to 91.5%) of recipients, and VE was much higher in the first 4 years than in the 5 to 12 years after vaccination. The S
79
vaccine can effectively prevent clinical mumps, and a second dose of mumps virus vaccine is necessary for the protection of children in China.
Gender-Dependent HLA-DR-Restricted Epitopes Identified from Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Glycoprotein D
Authors: Zhang Xiuli , Castelli Florence A. , Zhu Xiaoming , Wu Michele , Maillère Bernard , BenMohamed Lbachir 
Published: July 2008

ABSTRACTIn recent clinical trials, a herpes simplex virus (HSV) recombinant glycoprotein D (gD) vaccine was more efficacious in woman than in men. Here we report six HLA-DR-restricted T-cell gD epitope peptides that bind to multiple HLA-DR (DR1, DR4, DR7, DR13, DR15, and DRB5) molecules that represent a large proportion of the human population. Four of these peptides recalled naturally primed CD4+T cells in up to 45% of the 46 HSV-seropositive, asymptomatic individuals studied. For the gD49-82, gD77-104, and gD121-152peptides, the CD4+T-cell responses detected in HSV-seropositive, asymptomatic women were higher and more frequent than the responses detected in men. Immunization of susceptible DRB1*0101 transgenic mice with a mixture of three newly identified, gender-dependent, immunodominant epitope peptides (gD49-82, gD77-104, and gD121-152) induced a gender- and CD4+T-cell-dependent immunity against ocular HSV type 1 challenge. These results revealed a gender-dependent T-cell response to a discrete set of gD epitopes and suggest that while a T-cell epitope-based HSV vaccine that targets a large percentage of the human population may be feasible with a limited number of immunodominant promiscuous HLA-DR-restricted epitopes, gender should be taken into account during evaluations of such vaccines.
High-Level Antigen Expression and Sustained Antigen Presentation in Dendritic Cells Nucleofected with Wild-Type Viral mRNA but Not DNA
Authors: Melhem Nada M. , Gleason Sherrianne M. , Liu Xiang Dong , Barratt-Boyes Simon M. 
Published: July 2008

ABSTRACTDendritic cells (DC) are potent antigen-presenting cells that hold promise as cell-based therapeutic vaccines for infectious diseases and cancer. Ideally, DC would be engineered to express autologous viral or tumor antigens to ensure the presentation of relevant antigens to host T cells in vivo; however, expression of wild-type viral genes in primary cell lines can be problematic. Nucleofection is an effective means of delivering transgenes to primary cell lines, but its use in transfecting DNA or mRNA into DC has not been widely investigated. We show that nucleofection is a superior means of transfecting human and monkey monocyte-derived DC with DNA and mRNA compared to lipofection and conventional electroporation. However, the delivery of DNA and mRNA had significantly different outcomes in transfected DC. DC nucleofected with DNA encoding green fluorescent protein (GFP) had poor antigen expression and viability and were refractory to maturation with CD40 ligand. In contrast, >90% of DC expressed uniform and high levels of GFP from 3 h to 96 h postnucleofection with mRNA while maintaining a normal maturation response to CD40 ligation. Monkey DC nucleofected with wild-type, non-codon-optimized mRNA encoding simian immunodeficiency virus Gag stimulated robust antigen-specific effector T-cell responses at 24 h and 48 h postnucleofection, reflecting sustained antigen presentation in transfected DC, whereas no detectable T-cell response was noted when DC were nucleofected with DNA encoding the same Gag sequence. These data indicate that mRNA nucleofection may be an optimal means of transfecting DC with autologous tumor or viral antigen for DC-based immunotherapy.
Use of GRA6-Derived Synthetic Polymorphic Peptides in an Immunoenzymatic Assay To Serotype
Toxoplasma gondii
in Human Serum Samples Collected from Three Continents
Authors: Sousa Susana , Ajzenberg Daniel , Vilanova Manuel , Costa José , Dardé Marie-Laure 
Published: July 2008

ABSTRACT

Serotyping is a simple typing method that consists of an immunoenzymatic assay (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA]) using synthetic polymorphic peptides derived from
Toxoplasma gondii
antigens. We developed a new ELISA based on GRA6 C-terminal polymorphic peptides. Serum samples from 41 human infections due to 23 archetypal (type I, II, or III) and 18 nonarchetypal strains were selected in order to validate this approach. For 20 out of the 23 archetypal infections, there was a clear correlation between microsatellite genotype and GRA6 serotyping. All infections due to nonarchetypal strains were misclassified as archetypal strain infections. The GRA6 C-terminal peptides from these strains were analyzed to explain this misclassification. A second group of 455 patients with acute and chronic toxoplasmosis due to unknown genotypes from different European, African, and Latin American countries were included in this study, and the strain type predicted by this method. The results suggest that serotyping is a promising method for typing strains, although limitations exist for African and South American strains as a consequence of higher peptide polymorphism. Other peptides from different markers must be studied in order to discriminate archetypal from nonarchetypal strains.
Circulating 20S Proteasome Levels in Patients with Mixed Connective Tissue Disease and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Majetschak Matthias , Perez Magdalena , Sorell Luis T. , Lam Janet , Maldonado Marcos E. , Hoffman Robert W. 
Published: July 2008

ABSTRACT
The associations of circulating 20S proteasomes (c20S) with clinical and serologic disease indices in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD) are unknown. We present the initial report that c20S levels are elevated in MCTD and correlate with clinically relevant changes in disease activity in SLE and MCTD.
Assessment of
Aspergillus
-Specific T Cells for Diagnosis of Invasive Aspergillosis in a Leukemic Child with Liver Lesions Mimicking Hepatosplenic Candidiasis
Authors: Potenza Leonardo , Barozzi Patrizia , Rossi Giulio , Palazzi Giovanni , Vallerini Daniela , Riva Giovanni , Cellini Monica , Morselli Monica , Volzone Francesco , Venturelli Claudia , Quadrelli Chiara , Di Pancrazio Luciana , Cano Maria Carmen , Paolucci Paolo , Torelli Giuseppe , Luppi Mario 
Published: July 2008

ABSTRACT

A child with acute myeloid leukemia presented with multiple liver lesions mimicking hepatosplenic candidiasis during the neutropenic phase following the induction chemotherapy. All the available diagnostic tools showed repeatedly negative results, including galactomannan. An enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assay showed a high number of
Aspergillus
-specific T cells producing interleukin-10 [TH2(IL-10)] and a low number of
Aspergillus
-specific T cells producing gamma interferon [TH1(IFN-γ)], revealing invasive aspergillosis (IA) before the confirmatory biopsy. A progressive skewing from the predominance of TH2(IL-10) to a predominance of TH1(IFN-γ) was observed close to the complete resolution of the infection and foreshadowed the outcome. The ELISPOT assay holds promise for diagnosing pediatric IA.
Dynamics and Determinants of
Staphylococcus aureus
Carriage in Infancy: the Generation R Study
Authors: Lebon Ankie , Labout Joost A. M. , Verbrugh Henri A. , Jaddoe Vincent W. V. , Hofman Albert , van Wamel Willem , Moll Henriette A. , van Belkum Alex 
Published: July 2008

ABSTRACT

Serial nasal swabs were collected at the ages of 1.5, 6, and 14 months from 443 infants in the Generation R Study. The objective was to study the dynamics and determinants of
Staphylococcus aureus
nasal carriage in the first year of life. The prevalence of
S. aureus
carriage decreased in the first year of life, from 52.1% at the age of 1.5 months to 12.9% at 14 months. Persistent carriage, defined as continuous carriage of the same
S. aureus
strain at the three sampling moments, was rarely detected in early infancy.
Detection of Group B Streptococci in Lim Broth by Use of Group B
Streptococcus
Peptide Nucleic Acid Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization and Selective and Nonselective Agars
Authors: Montague Naomi S. , Cleary Timothy J. , Martinez Octavio V. , Procop Gary W. 
Published: July 2008

ABSTRACT

The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values for the detection of group B streptococci from Lim enrichment broth with sheep blood agar (SBA), with selective
Streptococcus
agar (SSA), and by a peptide nucleic acid fluorescent in situ hybridization (PNA FISH) assay were as follows: for culture on SBA, 68.4%, 100%, 100%, and 87.9%, respectively; for culture on SSA, 85.5%, 100%, 100%, and 94.1%, respectively; and for the PNA FISH assay, 97.4%, 98.3%, 96.1%, and 98.9%, respectively.
Basal Budding and Replication of the Murine Leukemia Virus Are Independent of the Gag L Domains
Authors: Sabo Yosef , Laham-Karam Nihay , Bacharach Eran 
Published: July 2008

ABSTRACT
Moloney murine leukemia virus (MMuLV) Gag protein contains three identified late (L) domains, PPPY, YPAL, and PSAP, which are thought to interact with the endosomal sorting machinery to assist budding. We created single and combined L-domain mutants in all permutations and tested the resulting clones for budding and replication. Budding and replication of all viruses with mutated PPPY were greatly reduced; however, the basal replication level was retained, demonstrated by the slow spread of the viruses in culture. Mutations in PSAP or YPAL did not affect budding or spreading, demonstrating that these two motifs are dispensable for efficient MMuLV replication. Furthermore, the basal budding level was maintained following inhibition of endosomal sorting machinery, emphasizing that the basal budding of MMuLV is independent of this machinery.