bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Randomized Trial of the Efficacy of Group Therapy in Changing Viral Load and CD4 Counts in Individuals Living with HIV Infection
Authors: Belanoff Joseph K. , Sund Brenda , Koopman Cheryl , Blasey Christine , Flamm Jason , Schatzberg Alan F. , Spiegel David 
Published: March 2006

Objective: This randomized pilot study evaluates whether seropositive patients who are randomly assigned to receive a supportive-expressive group therapy plus education intervention show greater improvements in increased immune function and decreased viral load compared to those randomly assigned to an education-only intervention. Method: Fifty-nine individuals who had been HIV-seropositive for at least 6 months prior to inclusion in the study and had been receiving standard pharmacologic treatment were entered in a prospective randomized trial of the effects of weekly supportive-expressive group therapy on changes in immune status. Participants were matched for AIDS status and sex and randomized to receive weekly sessions of group psychotherapy plus educational materials on HIV/AIDS, or to receive the educational materials alone. Participants were assessed before treatment and then 12 weeks later. Results: Individuals who were randomized to group therapy showed a statistically significant increase in CD4 count and decrease in HIV viral load. Among individuals randomized to the education only condition, no significant change occurred in CD4 count or viral load. Conclusions: These results provide preliminary data suggesting that HIV-seropositive individuals who receive supportive-expressive group psychotherapy may experience concomitant improvements in CD4 cell count and viral load. Further research with a larger sample should examine the possible underlying mechanisms of such benefits.
Burnout in Psychiatrists: An Etiological Model
Authors: Kumar Shailesh , Hatcher Simon , Huggard Peter 
Published: March 2006

Objective: This article reviews burnout in psychiatrists. A model of burnout is presented which considers three factors: those which may predispose, precipitate, and perpetuate burnout. Lastly, recommendations are made for future research. Methods: We conducted a selective literature review to expand on two recent systematic reviews to examine the etiology, prevalence, and consequences of burnout in psychiatrists. We distinguish the effects of burnout, depression, and work-related stress. Results: An etiological model for the development of burnout in psychiatrists is described here in terms of an interaction between the predisposing, precipitating, and perpetuating factors. Conclusions: Research is needed on the long-term effects of work-place stress on psychiatrists, to identify possible protective factors, and to utilize this information to inform the design of interventions that protect or mitigate the effects of work-place stress on psychiatrists.
Who are You? Weblogs and Academic Identity
Authors: Ewins Rory 
Published: March 2006

The weblog format has increasingly been adopted by academics in recent years, both as a teaching tool and to disseminate and discuss their own research interests. Academics are turning to blogs to exchange ideas about their discipline, their wider field, the academy, and beyond. Doing so, however, raises questions about personal identity with implications for life beyond the blog. Academics, because of the public nature of weblogs, the self-reflection encouraged by the form, and their analytical frame of mind, serve as useful case studies in exploring these questions. This article explores what it means to have an online identity in the light both of works by two commentators on identity in the postmodern world, Madan Sarup and Walter Truett Anderson, and of the author's own experience of blogging over the past five years. Weblogs, while they afford opportunities for identity construction and reconfiguration, can end up changing their authors' sense of identity in ways they may not expect.
Ceramic membranes for ammonia recovery
Authors: Camus Olivier , Perera Semali , Crittenden Barry , van Delft Yvonne C. , Meyer Dick F. , P. A. C. Pex Paul , Kumakiri Izumi , Miachon Sylvain , Dalmon Jean‐Alain , Tennison Steve , Chanaud Philippe , Groensmit Ernest , Nobel Wil 
Published: March 2006

AbstractAn extensive screening program has been performed to find a suitable membrane configuration and operating conditions for the effective recovery of ammonia from the syngas loop. All the experiments have been performed at steady state. MFI zeolite membranes in tubular and multi‐channel fiber configurations have been tested along with tubular silica membranes. At 80°C, a high ammonia permeance (2.1 × 10−7 mol.m−2.s−1.Pa−1), and a selectivity of about 10 were found with the tubular zeolite membrane, whereas for the silica membrane an even higher ammonia permeance was measured (7.6 x 10−7 mol.m−2.s−1.Pa−1) with a selectivity of about 7. For both silica and zeolite membranes, the selectivity was found to increase with increasing temperature up to 80°C. This is a combined effect of weaker adsorption of ammonia and increased diffusion at higher temperature. The results have been modeled using both the well‐mixed reactor and the log mean pressure difference approaches. To overcome their limitations in addressing changes in feed concentration along the membrane surface, a segmental model has been used to obtain suitable operating conditions and membrane areas required for an industrial application. © 2006 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2006
Evidence that variation in the peripheral benzodiazepine receptor (PBR) gene influences susceptibility to panic disorder
Authors: Nakamura Kazuhiko , Yamada Kazuo , Iwayama Yoshimi , Toyota Tomoko , Furukawa Aizou , Takimoto Takahiro , Terayama Hayato , Iwahashi Kazuhiko , Takei Nori , Minabe Yoshio , Sekine Yoshimoto , Suzuki Katsuaki , Iwata Yasuhide , Pillai Anitha , Nakamoto Yurie , Ikeda Kazutaka , Yoshii Mitsunobu , Fukunishi Isao , Yoshikawa Takeo , Mori Norio 
Published: March 2006

AbstractPanic disorder (PD) is the repeated sudden occurrence of panic attacks, episodes characterized by psychological symptoms. Peripheral benzodiazepine receptor (PBR) is closely associated with personality traits for anxiety tolerance, and that it holds promise as a biological marker of stressful conditions. We have performed association analyses using the polymorphism to determine the PBR in PD. We screened the subjects for sequence variations within the 5′ region, the coding region (exons 2–4), and the 3′ noncoding region. One novel missense variant in exon 4, derived from the nucleotide transition in codon 162 (CGT → CAT:485G > A) resulting in an arginine‐to‐histidine (Arg → His) change, was detected in these subjects. The 485G > polymorphism of the PBR gene was analyzed in 91 PD patients and 178 controls. The genotypic and allelic analyses of the 485G > A revealed significant differences between the panic patients and the comparison subjects (P = 0.021 and 0.014, respectively). The present study provides new and important evidence that variation in the PBR gene influences susceptibility to PD. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The OCD collaborative genetics study: Methods and sample description
Authors: Samuels Jack F. , Riddle Mark A. , Greenberg Benjamin D. , Fyer Abby J. , McCracken James T. , Rauch Scott L. , Murphy Dennis L. , Grados Marco A. , Pinto Anthony , Knowles James A. , Piacentini John , Cannistraro Paul A. , Cullen Bernadette , Bienvenu O. Joseph , Rasmussen Steven A. , Pauls David L. , Willour Virginia L. , Shugart Yin Y. , Liang Kung‐yee , Hoehn‐Saric Rudolf , Nestadt Gerald 
Published: March 2006

AbstractResults from twin and family studies suggest that obsessive‐compulsive disorder (OCD) may be transmitted in families but, to date, genes for the disorder have not been identified. The OCD Collaborative Genetics Study (OCGS) is a six‐site collaborative genetic linkage study of OCD. Specimens and blinded clinical data will be made available through the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) cell repository. In this initial report, we describe the methods of the study and present clinical characteristics of affected individuals for researchers interested in this valuable resource for genetic studies of OCD. The project clinically evaluated and collected blood specimens from 238 families containing 299 OCD‐affected sibling pairs and their parents, and additional affected relative pairs, for a genome‐wide linkage study. Of the 999 individuals interviewed to date, 624 were diagnosed with “definite” OCD. The mean age of subjects was 36 years (range 7‐95). The majority of affected individuals (66%) were female. The mean age at onset of obsessive‐compulsive symptoms was 9.5 years. Specific mood disorders, anxiety disorders, eating disorders, and skin picking were more prevalent in female cases, whereas tics, Tourette disorder, and alcohol dependence were more prevalent in male cases. Compared to “definite” cases of OCD, “probable” cases (n = 82) had, on average, later age at onset of obsessive‐compulsive symptoms, lower severity score, and fewer numbers of different categories of obsessions and compulsions, and they were less likely to have received treatment for their symptoms. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Processing robustness for a phenylethynyl‐terminated polyimide composite
Authors: Hou T. H. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThe processability of a phenylethynyl‐terminated imide resin matrix (PETI‐5) composite was investigated. Unidirectional prepregs were made through the coating of an N‐methylpyrrolidone solution of an amide acid oligomer (PETAA‐5/NMP) onto unsized IM7 fibers. Two batches of prepregs were used: one was made by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration in house, and the other was from an industrial source. The composite processing robustness was investigated with respect to the prepreg shelf life, the effect of B‐staging conditions, and the optimal processing window. The prepreg rheology and open hole compression (OHC) strengths were not to affected by prolonged ambient storage (i.e., up to 60 days). Rheological measurements indicated that the PETAA‐5/NMP processability was only slightly affected over a wide range of B‐stage temperatures (from 250 to 300°C). The OHC strength values were statistically indistinguishable among laminates consolidated under various B‐staging conditions. An optimal processing window was established with response surface methodology. The IM7/PETAA‐5/NMP prepreg was more sensitive to the consolidation temperature than to the pressure. A good consolidation was achievable at 371°C (700°F)/100 psi, which yielded a room‐temperature OHC strength of 62 ksi. However, the processability declined dramatically at temperatures below 350°C (662°F), as evidenced by the OHC strength values. The processability of the IM7/PETI‐5 prepreg was robust. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 3212–3221, 2006
Investigation of liquid diffusion into contact lenses using an electron spin resonance technique
Authors: Özgür Evrim E. , Aydin Emine , Özbey Turan , İrkeç Murat , Bozkurt Banu , Kaptan H. Yılmaz 
Published: February 2006

AbstractIn this study, electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy was used for the first time to investigate liquid diffusion into contact lenses. As contact lenses are not paramagnetic substances, they were labeled with nitroxide spin probes to get an ESR spectrum. Thus, it gives a solid spin‐labeled ESR spectrum. The shape and intensity of the ESR signals depend on the environment of these spin probes. The spin probe environment began to change from solid to liquid if liquid were dropped into the system. Consequently the ESR spectra began to change with time, too. By following these changes, three distinct steps were found. Their diffusion coefficients were determined to be 6.38 × 10−8 cm2/s for the first step (rapid decay region) and 0.37 × 10−8 cm2/s for the second step (slow decay region), and 2.50 × 10−8 cm2/s for the third and last step (desorption region). © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 2942–2946, 2006
Synthesis and solution properties of novel nonionic functional polyurethane surfactants
Authors: Dong Y. , Jin Y. , Wei D. Q. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractA series of novel nonionic functional polyurethane surfactants were synthesized by the polycondensation of 2,4‐toluene diisocyanate with poly(propylene oxide) (weight‐average molecular weight = 400, 1000, or 2000) and monoallyl‐end‐capped poly(ethylene oxide). The chemical structure of the polyurethane surfactants was determined by Fourier transform infrared and 1H‐NMR, and the effects of the concentration, salt, rest time, and temperature on the surface tension were investigated. These polymeric surfactants exhibited excellent surface activity. Sample III, which was synthesized with monoallyl‐end‐capped poly(ethylene oxide) (number‐average molecular weight = 1000), poly(propylene oxide) (number‐average molecular weight = 2000), and tolylene diisocyanate, could reduce the surface tension to 37.6 mN/m at a concentration of 0.06 mol/L at 25°C. All polyurethane surfactants synthesized in this study had low critical micelle concentrations (ca. 10−4 to 10−5 mol/L) and could reduce the surface tension even at very low concentration levels. Moreover, the surface tension decreased with an increase in the temperature or the concentration of the polyurethane surfactants. The addition of salt resulted in a decrease in the surface tension, and it took some time for the polyurethane surfactants to reach a constant surface tension value. UV spectra were found to be very useful for determining the critical micelle concentration. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 2956–2962, 2006
Oxygen barrier materials from renewable sources: Material properties of softwood hemicellulose‐based films
Authors: Hartman Jonas , Albertsson Ann‐Christine , Lindblad Margaretha Söderqvist , Sjöberg John 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the film‐forming ability of the hemicellulose O‐acetyl‐galactoglucomannan (AcGGM) and to evaluate its potential as a barrier material. The polymer film was evaluated by measurement of its oxygen permeability (Ox‐Tran® Mocon), thermal properties (differential scanning calorimetry), and dynamic mechanical properties under a humidity scan (humidity‐scan DMA). The AcGGM was isolated from industrial process water obtained from mechanical wood pulping. The self‐supporting films were formed by solution‐casting from water. As expected, a plasticizer was needed to avoid brittleness, and glycerol, sorbitol, and xylitol were compared. However, these additives resulted in higher sensitivity to moisture, which might be less beneficial for some applications. Interesting oxygen barrier and mechanical strength properties were achieved in a film obtained from a physical blend of AcGGM and either alginate or carboxymethylcellulose, both having a substantially higher molecular weight than AcGGM. No phase separation was observed, since all the components used were rich in hydroxyl functionalities. When a plasticizer was also added to the binary mixture, a compromise between (1) low O2 permeability, (2) high mechanical toughness, and (3) flexibility of an AcGGM‐based film was obtained. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 2985–2991, 2006
Nano‐scaled ordering of hyperbranched and star‐hyperbranched polymers
Authors: Ishizu Koji , Ochi Koichiro , Furukawa Taiichi 
Published: February 2006

AbstractHyperbranched polystyrenes (HPS) were prepared by living radical polymerization of 4‐vinylbenzyl N,N‐diethyldithiocarbamate (VBDC) as an inimer under UV irradiation. These HPS exhibited large amounts of photofunctional diethyldithiocarbamate (DC) groups on their outside surfaces. We derived star‐HPS (SHPS) by grafting from such HPS macroinitiator with methyl methacrylate (MMA) or ethyl methacrylate (EMA). The ratios of radius of gyration to hydrodynamic radius Rg/Rh for HPS and SHPS in tetrahydrofuran (THF) were in the range of 0.74–0.90 and 1.05–1.12, respectively. HPS and SHPS behaved in a good solvent as hard and soft spheres, respectively. We demonstrated the structural ordering of both branched polymers in THF through small‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS), by varying the polymer concentration. As a result, HPS and SHPS formed face‐centered‐cubic (fcc) and body‐centered‐cubic (bcc) structures, respectively, near the overlap threshold (C*). © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 3340–3345, 2006
Mechanical and structural characterization of POSS‐modified polyamide 6
Authors: Baldi F. , Bignotti F. , Ricco L. , Monticelli O. , Riccò T. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThis work investigated the mechanical behavior of POSS‐modified polyamide 6 (PA6), containing PA6 chains terminated at one end with aminopropyl‐heptaisobutyl POSS. Three systems with different POSS contents (5.4, 10.8, and 16.2 wt %), each characterized by a specific molecular mass, and the corresponding PA6 neat polymers were examined. The materials were first subjected to morphological and calorimetric analysis by wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry, respectively. Tensile tests, performed on the samples in wet conditions, showed that stiffness, strength, and ductility were appreciably modified by the presence of POSS in the polymeric chains. The relationships among these effects and the microstructural characteristics of the systems also were analyzed. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 3409–3414, 2006
Long‐Chain 3‐Acyl‐4‐hydroxycoumarins: Structure and Antibacterial Activity
Authors: Cravotto Giancarlo , Tagliapietra Silvia , Cappello Rossella , Palmisano Giovanni , Curini Massimo , Boccalini Marco 
Published: March 2006

AbstractBy reacting 4‐hydroxycoumarin with long‐chain acyl chlorides, a number of new 3‐acyl derivatives were prepared and the relationship was studied between their structures and activities against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228, and Propionibacterium acnes ATCC 11827. Antibacterial activity was associated with enolic tautomers of a tricarbonylmethane group bearing a lipophilic side chain (undec‐10‐enoyl, undec‐10‐ynoyl, palmitoyl or octadec‐9‐enoyl). A newly synthesized 2‐acyl derivative of 2H‐indene‐1,3‐dione containing the same tricarbonylmethane motif showed a comparable activity.
Analysis of pigmented villonodular synovitis with genome‐wide complementary DNA microarray and tissue array technology reveals insight into potential novel therapeutic approaches
Authors: Finis Katharina , Sültmann Holger , Ruschhaupt Markus , Buness Andreas , Helmchen Birgit , Kuner Ruprecht , Gross Marie‐Luise , Fink Bernd , Schirmacher Peter , Poustka Annemarie , Berger Irina 
Published: March 2006

AbstractObjectiveTo characterize the gene expression profile and determine potential diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets in pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS).MethodsGene expression patterns in 11 patients with PVNS, 18 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and 19 patients with osteoarthritis (OA) were investigated using genome‐wide complementary DNA microarrays. Validation of differentially expressed genes was performed by real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemical analysis on tissue arrays (80 patients with PVNS, 51 patients with RA, and 20 patients with OA).ResultsThe gene expression profile in PVNS was clearly distinct from those in RA and OA. One hundred forty‐one up‐regulated genes and 47 down‐regulated genes were found in PVNS compared with RA, and 153 up‐regulated genes and 89 down‐regulated genes were found in PVNS compared with OA (fold change ≥1.5;Q≤ 0.001). Genes differentially expressed in PVNS were involved in apoptosis regulation, matrix degradation, and inflammation (ALOX5AP,ATP6V1B2,CD53,CHI3L1,CTSL,CXCR4,HSPA8,HSPCA,LAPTM5,MMP9,MOAP1, andSPP1).ConclusionThe gene expression signature in PVNS is similar to that of activated macrophages and is consistent with the local destructive course of the disease. The gene and protein expression patterns suggest that the ongoing proliferation in PVNS is sustained by apoptosis resistance. This result suggests the possibility of a potential novel therapeutic intervention against PVNS.
Association of the IL1 gene cluster with susceptibility to ankylosing spondylitis: An analysis of three Canadian populations
Authors: Maksymowych Walter P. , Rahman Proton , Reeve Jeff P. , Gladman Dafna D. , Peddle Lynette , Inman Robert D. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the association between the IL1 gene cluster and susceptibility to ankylosing spondylitis (AS) in 3 independent case–control cohorts.MethodsWe analyzed 394 patients and 446 controls from Alberta, Newfoundland, and Toronto, Canada. Samples were genotyped using a panel of 38 single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers within the IL1 gene cluster. Data from 20 informative and nonredundant SNP markers were analyzed using several association test strategies. First, we used the program WHAP to identify single‐marker associations. Second, we used WHAP to analyze “sliding windows” of 3 contiguous markers along the entire extent of the IL1 gene cluster in order to identify haplotypic associations. Third, we used the linkage disequilibrium mapping program DMLE to estimate the posterior probability distribution of a disease locus.ResultsA total of 14 SNP markers showed significant single‐locus disease associations, the most significant being rs3783526 (IL1A) (P = 0.0009 in the Alberta cohort, P = 0.04 in the Newfoundland cohort) and rs1143627 (IL1B) (P = 0.0005 in the Alberta cohort, P = 0.02 in the Newfoundland cohort). Analysis of 3‐marker sliding windows revealed significant and consistent associations with all of the haplotypes in the IL1A and IL1B loci in the Alberta cohort and with IL1B in the Newfoundland cohort, especially haplotypes rs1143634/rs1143630/rs3917356 and rs1143630/rs3917356/rs3917354 (P = 0.006–0.0001). With DMLE, a strong peak in the probability distribution was estimated near IL1A in both the Alberta and the Newfoundland populations.ConclusionThese results indicate that the IL1 locus, or a locus close to IL1, is associated with susceptibility to AS.