bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reconceptualising the school curriculum to address global challenges: Marrying aims‐based and ‘powerful knowledge’ approaches
Authors: Markwick Andy , Reiss Michael J. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractToday's school students are inheriting complex and harmful global challenges that are potentially irreversible and which they will need to address. The ability to think critically and creatively, to work in interdisciplinary teams and to understand the importance of a healthy planet for all life will be needed for success. Education has a major role in helping humanity achieve this. This article argues that transformations in both curriculum and pedagogy are required. It offers a potential conceptualisation and examples of what learning might look like to achieve these aims, exemplified by school science education as science will need to play a significant role if these global challenges are to be successfully met. This new conceptualisation draws upon Young's (2012, 2013) ‘powerful knowledge’ and the rather different approach found in Reiss and White's (2013) arguments for an ‘aims‐based’ curriculum to propose curricula and associated pedagogies that can potentially address the global challenges of our times.
Analysis of changes in the action potential morphology of the mouse sinoatrial node true pacemaker cells during ontogenetic development in vitro and in silico
Authors: Ryvkin Alexander , Furman Arseniy , Lebedeva Elena , Gonotkov Mikhail 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundMaturation of the mouse is accompanied by the increase in heart rate. However, the mechanisms underlying this process remain unclear. We performed an action potentials (APs) recordings in mouse sinoatrial node (SAN) true pacemaker cells and in silico analysis to clarify the mechanisms underlying pre–postnatal period heart rate changes.ResultsThe APs of true pacemaker cells at different stages had similar configurations and dV/dtmax values. The cycle length, action potential duration (APD90), maximal diastolic potential (MDP), and AP amplitude decreased, meanwhile the velocity of diastolic depolarization (DDR) increased from E12.5 stage to adult. Using a pharmacological approach we found that in SAN true pacemaker cells ivabradine reduces the DDR and the cycle length significantly stronger in E12.5 than in newborn and adult mice, whereas the effects of Ni2+ and nifedipine were significantly stronger in adult mice. Computer simulations further suggested that the density of the hyperpolarization–activated pacemaker сurrent (If) decreased during development, whereas transmembrane and intracellular Ca2+ flows increased.ConclusionsThe ontogenetic decrease in IK1 density from E12.5 to adult leads to depolarization of MDP to the voltage range in which calcium currents are activated, thereby shifting the balance from the “membrane‐clock” to the “calcium‐clock.”
Differentiating anorexia nervosa and atypical anorexia nervosa with absolute weight cut‐offs results in a skewed distribution for premorbid weight among youth
Authors: Matthews Abigail , Lin Jessica , Jhe Grace , Peters Triinu , Sim Leslie , Hebebrand Johannes 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectiveAnorexia nervosa (AN) and atypical AN are conceptualized as distinct illnesses, despite similar characteristics and sequelae. Whereas DSM‐5 differentiates youth with AN and atypical AN by the presence of clinical ‘underweight’ (i.e., 5th BMI percentile for age‐and‐sex (BMI%)), we hypothesized that using this weight cut‐off to discern diagnoses creates a skewed distribution for premorbid weight.MethodParticipants included hospitalized youth with AN (n = 165, 43.1%) and atypical AN (n = 218, 56.9%). Frequency analyses and chi‐square tests assessed the distribution of premorbid BMI z‐scores (BMIz) for diagnosis. Non‐parametric Spearman correlations and Stepwise Linear regressions examined relationships between premorbid BMIz, admission BMIz, and weight loss in kg.ResultsPremorbid BMIz distributions differed significantly for diagnosis (p < .001), with an underrepresentation of ‘overweight/obesity’ (i.e., BMI% ≥ 85th) in AN. Despite commensurate weight loss in AN and atypical AN, patients with premorbid ‘overweight/obesity’ were 8.31 times more likely to have atypical AN than patients with premorbid BMI% < 85th. Premorbid BMIz explained 57% and 39% of the variance in admission BMIz and weight loss, respectively.DiscussionFindings support a homogenous model of AN and atypical AN, with weight loss predicted by premorbid BMI in both illnesses. Accordingly, premorbid BMI and weight loss (versus presenting BMI) may better denote the presence of an AN‐like phenotype across the weight spectrum. Findings also suggest that differentiating diagnoses with BMI% < 5th requires that youth with higher BMIs lose disproportionately more weight for an AN diagnosis. This is problematic given unique treatment barriers experienced in atypical AN.Public significanceAnorexia nervosa (AN) and atypical AN are considered distinct conditions in youth, with differential diagnosis hinging upon a presenting weight status of ‘underweight’ (i.e., BMI percentile for age‐and‐sex (BMI%) < 5th). In our study, youth with premorbid ‘overweight/obesity’ (BMI% ≥ 85th) disproportionately remained above this threshold, despite similar weight loss. Coupled with prior evidence for commensurate characteristics and sequelae in both diagnoses, we propose that DSM‐5 differentiation of AN and atypical AN inadvertently reinforces weight stigma and may contribute to treatment disparities in atypical AN.
Excess renin is attributed to the combination of forward and backward failure in HFrEF
Authors: Arfsten Henrike , Heitzinger Gregor , Prausmüller Suriya , Weidenhammer Annika , Goliasch Georg , Bartko Philipp E. , Spinka Georg , Hülsmann Martin , Pavo Noemi 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAimsRegulation of the renin‐angiotensin system (RAS) in heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) still raises questions, as a large proportion of patients show normal renin levels despite manifest disease. Experimental venous congestion results in reduced renal perfusion pressure and stimulates renin secretion. We hypothesized that excess renin levels are mainly a result of right ventricular failure as a sequalae of left ventricular dysfunction. The study aimed to link right ventricular function (RVF) with renin levels and to investigate further contributors to excess RAS activation.Methods and resultsThree hundred thirty‐two chronic HFrEF patients undergoing routine ambulatory care were consecutively enrolled in a prospective, registry‐based, observational study. Laboratory parameters, including cardiac‐specific markers renin, aldosterone, and N‐terminal pro‐brain natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP), echocardiographic examination (n = 247), and right heart catheterization (n = 85), were documented. The relationship between renin and its respective parameters was analysed. Renin concentration was not associated with the New York Heart Association class or NT‐proBNP. Systolic blood pressure, systemic vascular resistance, serum sodium, aldosterone, and lactate dehydrogenase were associated with increased renin levels (P < 0.035 for all). Renin levels similarly increased with worsening of RVF parameters such as fractional area change, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion, tissue Doppler imaging, and inferior vena cava diameter (P < 0.011 for all), but not with pulmonary pressure. Excess renin levels were observed when worsening RVF was combined with reduced renal perfusion {625 μIU/mL [interquartile range (IQR): 182–1761] vs. 67 μIU/mL [IQR: 16–231], P < 0.001}, which was associated with worse survival.ConclusionsWhile unrelated to classical indices of HF severity, circulating renin levels increase with the worsening of RVF, especially in the combined presence of forward and backward failure. This might explain normal renin levels in HFrEF patients but also excess renin levels in poor haemodynamic conditions.
Carbon screen‐printed electrodes modified with SiO2‐CuO‐glucose oxidase film for toxicity assessment using bacteria as indicator systems
Authors: Kuznetsov Marko , Tananaiko Oksana , Gelinsky Michael , von Witzleben Max , Kilian David , Lunyo Anastasia , Saska Vita , Dzhihirei Katerina , Lisnyak Vladyslav , Grischenko Liudmyla , Kondratenko Serhiy , Rieznichenko Liudmyla , Gruzina Tamara , Dybkova Svitlana 
Published: March 2024

AbstractA portable voltammetric sensor for toxicity assessment was developed based on a screen‐printed carbon electrode modified with SiO2‐CuO‐glucose oxidase (GOx) film. The method is based on the detection of the metabolic activity of E. coli towards glucose as an indicator systems in the presence of antiseptic drugs as model toxic compounds. CuO particles exhibited catalytic activity toward hydrogen peroxide produced by the GOx‐induced oxidation of glucose. A well‐defined reduction peak was registered at E=−0.50 V (vs. Ag/AgCl). The metabolism of glucose by E. coli resulted in a decrease in analytical signal of glucose with the increasing bacteria content in the range of 0.8×109–5.0×109 CFU mL−1 with a calculated limit of detection (LOD) of 0.59×109 CFU mL−1. To evaluate the effect of antiseptics the biosensor was tested in E. coli solution with chlorhexidine (CHD) or decamethoxine (DMT). A linear dependence of glucose consumption by E. coli solution on the antiseptic concentration was obtained in the range of 3.0–12.0 μg mL−1 for CHG and 1.0–12.0 μg mL−1 for DMT, respectively. The developed third generation biosensor showed satisfactory stability and reproducibility of the analytical response. A modified electrode can be used for at least two months.
Characterization workflow for fragments detected in capillary electrophoresis sodium dodecyl sulfate analysis of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies
Authors: Fei Mengdan , Zhang Qiang , Zhang Lei , Zhang Yueze , Wang Lingyu , Zhao Yiman , Zhang Zhongli 
Published: March 2024

AbstractProduct‐related fragments in monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) can have a significant impact on the efficacy and safety of the product. Capillary electrophoresis sodium dodecyl sulfate (CE‐SDS) is a commonly used method for fragment quantification, but it has challenges in peak identification due to the inability to enrich components and the incompatibility of SDS with mass spectrometry (MS). This article presents a workflow for identifying peaks in CE‐SDS analysis. The workflow involves comparing the migration time of peaks with that of standards and utilizing MS analysis to identify fragments. By employing this innovative systematic workflow, we successfully identified the CE‐SDS impurity peaks of seven antibody products. Among them, four products exhibited characteristic fragments associated with disulfide bonds (light chain [LC], heavy–light [HL] chain, heavy–heavy [HH] chain, and HH–LC) and a glycosylation‐related fragment non‐glycosylated heavy chain. Additionally, one product showed a fragment formed by the connection of HC_C130 and HC_C130, which is associated with a thioether bond. Furthermore, two other products displayed amino acid backbone breakage, with one product showing clipping at the HC region of A233–G285 and the other product showing clipping at the HC regions of A97–S158 and N342–T366. This workflow can be applied in early drug research, process development, or during the biologics license application stage to characterize fragments in therapeutic mAbs analyzed by CE‐SDS.
The effect of training to target cognitive biases towards social rejection in eating disorders
Authors: An Zhen , Kwag Kyung Hwa , Kim Mirihae , Yang Jae‐Won , Moon Jung‐Joon , Treasure Janet , Kim Youl‐Ri 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis study examined the effect of cognitive bias modification for interpretation (CBM‐I) training in Korean women with eating disorders (EDs).MethodSixty‐three women with EDs participated in the study. Participants were randomly assigned to the intervention group where they received six sessions of CBM‐I training (n = 31) in addition to treatment‐as‐usual or were put on a waiting list (n = 32). Participants' interpretation and attention biases, emotion regulation, affect, and ED psychopathology were assessed at baseline, end‐of‐intervention (4 weeks), and follow‐up (8 weeks).ResultsParticipants who completed the CBM‐I training displayed greater reductions in negative interpretation bias (Δη2 = 0.107) and emotion dysregulation (Δη2 = 0.085) with medium to large effect sizes compared to the control group, which were maintained from baseline to follow‐up. Disengagement from negative faces and a focus on positive faces was found in the intervention group with a moderate effect size at the end‐of‐intervention (Δη2 = 0.090). Both intervention and control groups showed improvements in ED psychopathology. Baseline neuroticism was positively correlated with CBM‐I effect.DiscussionThe results suggest that modifying interpretation bias towards ambiguous social stimuli might be an effective adjuvant treatment to reduce negative expectations of social situations and improve emotion regulation in women with bulimia nervosa and anorexia nervosa.
An improved NSGA‐II for the dynamic economic emission dispatch with the charging/discharging of plug‐in electric vehicles and home‐distributed photovoltaic generation
Authors: Wu Peifeng , Zou Dexuan , Zhang Guoyun , Liu Hao 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis paper investigates four energy utilization scenarios with or without home‐distributed photovoltaic generation (HDPG) to reduce the generation cost and pollutant emission of the dynamic economic emission dispatch with the charging/discharging of plug‐in electric vehicles (DEED‐PEV). The first scenario considers valley filling for the charging of PEVs. The second scenario combines valley filling and peak shaving for the charging and discharging of PEVs. The third scenario adds peak shaving of HDPG to the first scenario, followed by the peak shaving with the discharging of PEVs. The fourth scenario rearranges the distribution of photovoltaic (PV) power for the third scenario, and the PV power in the afternoon is stored by a photovoltaic energy storage system (PESS) and consumed in the evening. A universal procedure is designed for the valley filling and peak shaving of the four scenarios, which is beneficial for determining the filled and shaved loads with respect to certain time intervals. An NSGA‐II method based on a modified crossover and an elimination of individuals (NSGA‐II‐MCEI) is proposed for the multiobjective optimization of DEED‐PEV. The modified crossover can improve the convergence of NSGA‐II‐MCEI, and the elimination operator can maintain the evenness of the nondominated solutions. According to experimental results, scenario 4 achieves cost savings of 95386.62 $, 85636.87 $, and 6776.85 $, respectively, for Scenarios 1, 2, and 3, and it reaches emission reductions of 27617.64 kg, 17252.71 kg, and 220.98 kg, respectively, for scenarios 1, 2, and 3. Also, scenario 4 outperforms the other three scenarios for three weather conditions such as sunny day, cloudy day, and rainy day.
Probiotics: Health benefits, food application, and colonization in the human gastrointestinal tract
Authors: Lau Li Ying Jessie , Quek Siew Young 
Published: March 2024

AbstractProbiotics have become increasingly popular over the past two decades due to the continuously expanding scientific evidence indicating their beneficial effects on human health. Therefore, they have been applied in the food industry to produce functional food, which plays a significant role in human health and reduces disease risk. However, maintaining the viability of probiotics and targeting the successful delivery to the gastrointestinal tract remain two challenging tasks in food applications. Specifically, this paper reviews the potentially beneficial properties of probiotics, highlighting the use and challenges of probiotics in food application and the associated health benefits. Of foremost importance, this paper also explores the potential underlying molecular mechanisms of the enhanced effect of probiotics on gastrointestinal epithelial cells, including a discussion on various surface adhesion‐related proteins on the probiotic cell surface that facilitate colonization.
Cuminaldehyde downregulates folate metabolism and membrane proteins to inhibit growth of Penicillium digitatum in citrus fruit
Authors: Reymick Okwong Oketch , Liu Dazhao , Tan Xiaoli , OuYang Qiuli , Tao Nengguo 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn our previous study, cuminaldehyde triggered oxidative stress to inhibit growth of Penicillium digitatum in citrus fruit. Here, we examined the molecular mechanism by which it inhibited growth of P. digitatum. Results revealed a decline in content of glutathione and catalase activity from 10 and 20 min, respectively. Transcriptome and proteome data disclosed downregulation of proteins integral to mitochondrial electron transport chain (mETC) complexes I, IV, V, and transmembrane transporters. Catalase, regulators of transcription and replication, and biosynthesis of glutathione and folate were also downregulated. These were confirmed by RT‐qPCR analysis. Reduced expression of proteins integral to mETC complexes signaled possible damage to inner mitochondrial membrane. This was confirmed by decline in mitochondrial membrane potential with a concomitant decline in cellular ATP levels. mETC Complex I activity increased from 10 min which corresponded to the onset of rise in superoxide dismutase activity. The results suggest that cuminaldehyde instigated superoxide anion radicle production initially from mitochondrial complex I, while limiting the ability of the cells to scavenge the accumulating ROS by reducing the expression of glutathione and catalase. This was possibly achieved by downregulation of folate metabolism with the associated reduced expression of transcription regulators and proteins involved in glutathione biosynthesis.
Folate supplementation as a beneficial add‐on treatment in relieving depressive symptoms: A meta‐analysis of meta‐analyses
Authors: Gao Shan , Khalid Awais , Amini‐Salehi Ehsan , Radkhah Nima , Jamilian Parsa , Badpeyma Mohaddeseh , Zarezadeh Meysam 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe results of meta‐analyses investigating the role of folate on depression are conflicting. The aim of this umbrella meta‐analysis was to obtain an overall effect and give a concise and resolving conclusion. International scientific databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched up to Oct 2023. All observational and interventional meta‐analyses investigating the role of folate in depression were included in the study. Random‐effects model was employed to obtain pooled results. I2 statistics and Cochrane Q test were used to assess the between‐study heterogeneity. The quality of included meta‐analyses was evaluated using the Assessing the Methodological Quality of Systematic Reviews 2 (AMSTAR2) questionnaire. Overall 11 studies were included, of which 8 studies went under quantitative evaluation. The results indicated that folate supplementation significantly relieved depression symptoms [(SMD: −0.42; 95% CI: −0.57, −0.27, p < .001; I2 = 0.0%, p‐heterogeneity = 0.554) (WMD: −3.20; 95% CI: −4.00, −2.41, p < .001, I2 = 14.8%, p‐heterogeneity = 0.318)] with low levels of heterogeneity. Also, based on observational studies, folate insufficiency significantly increased the odds ratio of depression by 35% (OR:1.35; 95% CI: 1.27, 1.42, p < .001, I2 = 8.7%, p‐heterogeneity = 0.350). The findings support the fact that folate supplementation could be suggested as an efficacious and adjuvant agent in the alleviation of depression symptoms along with routine medications.
Novel MED15::ATF1 fusion in a pediatric melanoma with spitzoid features and aggressive presentation
Authors: Furtado Larissa V. , Cardenas Maria , Santiago Teresa , Ruiz Robert E. , Shi Zonggao , Pappo Alberto , Kacar Marija 
Published: March 2024

AbstractChildhood melanoma is a rare and biologically heterogeneous pediatric malignancy. The differential diagnosis of pediatric melanoma is usually broad, including a wide variety of spindle cell or epithelioid neoplasms. Different molecular alterations affecting the MAPK and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways, tumor suppressor genes, and telomerase reactivation have been implicated in melanoma tumorigenesis and progression. Here, we report a novel MED15::ATF1 fusion in a pediatric melanoma with spitzoid features and an aggressive clinical course.
Can personality disorder be accurately assessed in older age? A differential item functioning analysis of ICD‐11 inventories
Authors: Rossi Gina , van Alphen Sebastiaan P. J. , Videler Arjan C. , Diaz‐Batanero Carmen 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectivesThe contested categorical personality disorder (PD) criteria are not well suited to inform PD diagnoses in older adults. Yet, the classification of PDs is undergoing a critical transition phase with a paradigm shift to a dimensional approach for diagnosing PDs. No special attention was given to the expression of PDs in older age when the dimensional ICD‐11 model was developed. Given that PDs are highly prevalent in older adults, there is an urgent need to examine if ICD‐11 related instruments are able to adequately assess for PDs in older adults.MethodsThe age‐neutrality of ICD‐11 measures was examined in a sample of 208 Dutch community‐dwelling adults (N = 208,Mage = 54.96,SD = 21.65), matched on sex into 104 younger (age range 18–64) and 104 older (age range 65–93) adults. An instrument is considered not to be age‐neutral if a collective large level of differential item functioning (DIF) exists in a group of items of an instrument (i.e., 25% or more with DIF). We therefore set out to detect possible DIF in the following ICD‐11 self‐report measures: the Standardized Assessment of Severity of Personality Disorder (SASPD), the Personality Inventory for ICD‐11 (PiCD), and the Borderline Pattern Scale (BPS).ResultsDIF analyses using a non‐parametric odds ratio approach demonstrated that SASPD, PiCD, and BPS were age‐neutral with less than 25% of items showing DIF. Yet, impact of DIF at scale level, examined by way of differential test functioning (DTF), indicated a DTF effect on the SASPD total score.ConclusionsThese results of age‐neutrality of the PiCD and BPS are promising for measuring ICD‐11 traits and the borderline pattern. Yet, the age‐neutral measurement of PD severity requires further research. With a rapidly aging population, its accurate assessment across the entire adult life span, including older age, is a prerequisite for an adequate detection of PDs.
A Targeted Approach for the Metabolome Analysis of E. coli Biofilms
Authors: Rockstroh Jan , Gerschler Sandy , Schultze Nadin , Schulze Christian , Wurster Martina , Methling Karen , Guenther Sebastian , Lalk Michael 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBiofilms of pathogenic bacteria are responsible for persistent infections in humans, therefore investigations of biofilm formation and treatment strategies are required. The gram‐negative enterobacterium Escherichia (E.) coli is the most common pathogen causing chronic or recurring urinary tract infections. Metabolomics approaches targeted the bacterium to investigate specific metabolic patterns of biofilms and regulatory influences on biofilm formation. In this study, we aimed to investigate the metabolome of biofilms formed by the multidrug‐resistant extended‐spectrum beta‐lactamase‐producing (ESBL) E. coli PBIO729. For this purpose, a protocol for fast sampling of the macrocolony biofilms and efficient extraction of metabolites was optimized. Validation of an LC‐MS/MS method confirmed its usability for the analysis of nucleotides and other phosphorylated metabolites. A GC‐MS approach was used to monitor nutrient uptake from the medium in addition to the analysis of amino acid content and metabolites of glycolysis and TCA cycle in E. coli biofilms.