bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Place of embolization in the treatment of severe epistaxis
Authors: Merland J. J. , Melki J. P. , Chiras J. , Riche M. C. , Hadjean E. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractOn the basis of long‐term study on embolization for severe epistaxis, the authors show the different indications and results of this relatively new method; and 54 cases are presented including Rendu‐Osler diseases, primary and traumatic epistaxis, or those due to vascular malformation and benign or malignant tumors. Embolization can prove a very effective method in most cases.
Site of lesion vestibular function testing.
Authors: Rubin Wallace 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe results of conventional electronystagmography (ENG) sometimes are confusing. The Hallpike alternate binaural bithermal (ABB) caloric test is helpful diagnostically except for the group of “sick patients that have a normal test.” Conventional ENG tests also fall short in the area of objective confirmation of patient progress.What does each test tell us regarding site of lesion? 1. Alternate binaural bithermal stimulation gives us information about the semicircular canals — particularly the horizontal semicircular canal — pickup head. 2. Simultaneous binaural bithermal stimulation gives information brain stem connections — switching and relay. 3. Rotation testing gives information about the processing by the brain — central control.
Immunohistopathology of human olfactory epithelium, nerve and bulb.
Authors: Nakashima Tadashi , Kimmelman Charles P. , Snow James B. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe immunohistochemical characteristics of the human olfactory system were studied using antiserum to the olfactory marker protein (OMP). OMP was detected in the olfactory receptor neurons and processes extending from the olfactory neuroepithelium to the olfactory bulb. The olfactory receptor cells located close to the epithelial surface also contained OMP. In severely degenerate regions, only a few OMP‐containing cells were observed. Differences in OMP‐staining intensity were noted among the olfactory receptor cells in thick neuroepithelium. Proliferating olfactory neuroepithelium contained OMP reactive and nonreactive olfactory receptor cells. The presence of OMP reactive and nonreactive olfactory neurons indicates the coexistence of two functionally different phases of olfactory neurons. These findings suggest that continuous cell turnover is occurring in human olfactory neuroepithelium.
Congenital atresia of the external auditory canal.
Authors: Caruz Antonio De La , Linthcum Fred H. , Luxford William M. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractChildren with congenital atresia of the external auditory canal require an early assessment of hearing and a determination of the degree of atresia and associated pathology by polytomography and/or high‐resolution CT scanning.We analyzed the otologic findings in 302 ears (239 patients) with severe atresia of the external auditory canal. Eighty‐seven primary or revision surgeries were performed. Fifty‐three percent obtained a residual conductive deficit of 20 dB or less. Lateralization of the tympanic membrane graft was the primary cause of failure in obtaining good hearing results. The use of split‐thickness skin graft instead of a full‐thickness skin graft to cover the reconstructed external canal has decreased the incidence of restenosis and revision surgery.
Otitis media with effusion in preschool children.
Authors: Casselbrant Margaretha L. , Brostoff Leon M. , Flaherty Mildred R. , Bluestone Charles D. , Cantekin Erdem I. , Doyle William J. , Fria Thomas J. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe incidence, prevalence, and natural history of otitis media with effusion (OME) and middle ear high negative pressure (HNP) were investigated in a group of 2 to 6 year old preschool children. The children were examined monthly over a two year period from September 1981 to August 1983. The middle ear status was assessed using a decision‐tree algorithm which combined the findings of pneumatic otoscopy, tympanometry, and acoustic reflex measurements. Fifty‐three percent of the children in the first year and 61% in the second year developed OME; also during the two years, HNP was documented in 66% of the children. Eighty percent of OME episodes lasted only two months. The prevalence of OME and HNP showed a seasonal variation and a strong association with the presence of upper respiratory infections (URIs). The incidence of OME was independent of age. These data indicate that OME and HNP are prevalent conditions with a high spontaneous recovery in the preschool population.
Experimental evidence against middle ear oxygen absorption.
Authors: Buckingham Richard A. , Stuart Dennis R. , Girgis Samuel J. , Geick Maurine R. , Mcgee Therese J. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe present theory of eustachian tube (ET) function and middle ear (ME) ventilation posits that oxygen absorbed by the ME mucosa causes negative ME pressure which is relieved by periodic opening of the ET during swallowing and yawning. After developing a method to cannulate the ET of mongrel dogs we connected the cannulas hermetically to manometers. This system excluded ET function and tested the oxygen absorption capacity of the ME.When we controlled respiration and maintained blood gas PO2 and PCO2 at normal levels, we were unable to find any manometric evidence of negative pressure of gas absorption in the dog ME.Lowering the PCO2 and raising the PO2 of the blood by hyperventilation caused negative ME pressure which could be measured manometrically. We confirmed these findings with the tympanometer. Raising the PCO2 and lowering the PO2 by hypoventilation caused positive pressure in the ME.There is no evidence in these experiments that O2 absorption occurs or causes negative ME pressure in the dog. To the contrary there is evidence that elevated blood levels of the more diffusible CO2 cause an increase in the ME pressure and lowered CO2 level causes a negative ME pressure.
Nasal surgery in children with cystic fibrosis: Complications and risk management
Authors: Reilly James S. , Kenna Margaret A. , Stool Sylvan E. , Bluestone Charles D. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractChildren with cystic fibrosis (CF) are predisposed to pansinusitis and nasal polyposis and, therefore, require frequent surgery by otolaryngologists. These children are at risk to have complications following surgery, both locally, at the surgical site, as well as systemically from their underlying pulmonary disease. A 20‐year retrospective study of children (average census 219 per year) revealed 39 children developed nasal polyps and these children required 85 nasal polypectomies. No major complications occurred and only three minor complications (fever, minor bleeding) were noted. Over 95% of our CF children were able to return home in less than 48 hours, and extensive hospital stays appeared not to be required.
Intraoperative facial nerve monitoring: A comparison of stimulating electrodes
Authors: Kartush Jack M. , Niparko John K. , Bledsoe Sanford C. , Graham Malcolm D. , Kemink John L. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractPreservation of the facial nerve during acoustic neuroma resection may be enhanced by the use of intraoperative electrical stimulation. Although stimulation of the extratemporal facial nerve is an effective and established procedure, anatomic differences of the intradural facial nerve and its microenvironment demand more exacting stimulus protocols. The absence of epineurium may make the intradural nerve more susceptible to mechanical or electrical trauma while intermittent pooling of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) at the cerebellopontine angle may shunt current away from nerve.Four stimulus configurations were examined under varying conditions simulating CSF pooling. The results indicated that: 1. insulation of stimulating electrodes prevents CSF current shunting and allows utilization of a constant current source, and 2. monopolar and bipolar configurations demonstrate significantly different electrical characteristics which may be employed selectively based upon specific clinical goals.
Evaluation of basic fibroblast growth factor in tympanic membrane repair
Authors: Vrabec Jeffrey T. , Schwaber Mitchell K. , Davidson Jeffrey M. , Clymer Mark A. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractBasic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) has been shown to enhance speed of wound repair at a number of anatomic sites. This study presents an evaluation of bFGF in a model of acute tympanic membrane (TM) perforation in order to assess rate of healing as well as structural and functional outcome. Perforations were created in the tympanic membranes of rats, then allowed to heal in the presence of topically applied bFGF with the opposite ear serving as a control. The growth factor was applied in repeated doses beginning 2 days after creation of the TM defect. The treated ears healed faster by an average of 4.0 days. The healed tympanic membranes were assessed using tympanometry and light microscopy. Structurally and functionally, the healed tympanic membranes were similar to the controls. The observed results indicate that bFGF promotes accelerated healing and restoration of normal architecture in acute TM defects.
Diagnosis and treatment of persistent dysphonia after laryngeal surgery: A retrospective analysis of 62 patients
Authors: Woo Peak , Casper Janina , Colton Raymond , Brewer David 
Published: October 2006

AbstractSixty‐two patients with persistent or recurrent dysphonia after laryngeal surgery underwent interdisciplinary voice evaluation, laryngostroboscopy, and objective measurements of vocal function. The causes of persistent dysphonia were attributed to vocal fold scarring (n = 22), residual mass lesion (n = 8), residual inflammation (n = 13), recurrent mass (n = 4), and hyperfunctional voice disorder (n = 7). Laryngoscopy often showed excessive ventricular compression and anterior‐to‐posterior laryngeal compression. Ventricular dysphonia was often a compensatory gesture in response to poorly mobile vocal fold membranes. Stroboscopy was able to document a number of abnormalities which included abnormalities of laryngeal configuration, vibratory asymmetry, reduction of amplitude, and mucosal wave. Using a diversified approach consisting of medical therapy, voice therapy, and repeat surgery, better vocal function was able to be restored in the majority of patients. An interdisciplinary approach to the dysphonic patient after laryngeal surgery was most useful in defining the pathology and refining a treatment rehabilitation program.
Temporal bone pathology in a case of cogan's syndrome
Authors: Schuknecht Harold F. , Nadol Joseph B. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractCogan's syndrome (CS) presents typical and atypical types. Typically, there are episodes of non‐syphilitic keratitis and audiovestibular dysfunction. Atypically, there are inflammatory changes in other eye structures and other organ systems, particularly the cardiovascular system. The temporal bone pathology in a case of CS shows changes that are similar to those observed in other autoimmune disorders associated with audiovestibular dysfunction. The following pathologic features characterize autoimmune inner ear disease: 1. acute labyrinthitis resulting in atrophy of inner ear tissues including the sense organs and their supporting structures; 2. endolymphatic hydrops; 3. focal and diffuse proliferation of fibrous tissue and bone; and 4. retrograde neuronal degeneration. These pathologic findings are consistent with an inflammatory (and possibly ischemic) attack on the membranous labyrinth.
Murine model of otitis media with effusion: Immunohistochemical demonstration of il‐1α antigen expression
Authors: Johnson Michael D. , Contrino Aurora , Contrino Josephine , Maxwell Kenneth , Leonard Gerald , Kreutzer Donald 
Published: October 2006

AbstractRecent studies have suggested that cytokines likely play a central role in the formation and maintenance of otitis media with effusion (OME). Currently, there is no immunologically defined animal model for the study of cytokines as they contribute to the formation of OME. In the present study, a murine model of OME, using eustachian tube blockage via an external surgical approach, was developed. The murine model temporal bone histology appears to mimic the histology found in chronic otitis media with effusion in humans. Additionally, using this murine model, interleukin‐1α (IL‐1α) expression was detected in the middle ear using standard immunohistochemical techniques. IL‐1α seemed localized to the epithelial lining of the middle ear as well as 5% to 10% of inflammatory cells. This model should provide the necessary tool to further study the immunologic aspects of OME.
Evidence of oxygen radical injury in experimental otitis media
Authors: Parks Robert R. , Huang Cheng‐Chun , Haddad Joseph 
Published: October 2006

AbstractFree radicals have been implicated in the pathogenesis of an increasing number of diseases and inflammatory states. They may cause tissue damage by their chemical modification of proteins, carbohydrates, nucleotides, and lipids. Lipid peroxidation occurs as a consequence of free radicals acting on the polyunsaturated fatty acids of cellular membranes. To determine if free radicals play a role in the pathogenesis of otitis media, lipid peroxides and their by‐products were assayed in the mucosa of a guinea pig model of otitis media.Both lipid hydroperoxide (LPO) and malon‐dialdehyde (MDA) were measured in the tissues of the middle ear mucosa. Comparisons were made between an infected and a control group. Both LPO and MDA were found to be significantly elevated (P<.01 and P<.05, respectively) in the infected mucosa. Correlation of the biochemical data was made with histologic studies. The significance of these findings as well as suggestions for future experimentation are addressed.
Social support and psychological outcome in people with Parkinson's disease: Evidence for a specific pattern of associations
Authors: Simpson Jane , Haines Katrina , Lekwuwa Godwin , Wardle John , Crawford Trevor 
Published: October 2006

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to explore the relationship between social support and psychological functioning in people with Parkinson's disease.Method34 participants with idiopathic Parkinson's disease completed a comprehensive range of social support assessments and measures of depression, anxiety, stress, general psychological distress and positive affect.ResultsA clear pattern of relationships emerged, with the less satisfaction with social support, the higher the depression, anxiety and stress scores. Conversely, positive affect was related to more quantitative assessments of social support, such as the number of close relationships.ConclusionThe relationship between social support and psychological outcome in people with PD is complex. Furthermore, the complexity of this relationship should be addressed in any therapeutic attempts to relieve psychological distress and promote happiness.
Content and affect in persecutory delusions
Authors: Green Catherine , Garety Philippa A. , Freeman Daniel , Fowler David , Bebbington Paul , Dunn Graham , Kuipers Elizabeth 
Published: October 2006

ObjectivesThe study aimed to explore the content of persecutory delusions and its potential links with levels of affective disturbance. Detailed examinations of the phenomenology of delusional beliefs have been rare, but are important for furthering theoretical and clinical understanding.DesignA cross‐sectional investigation of 70 individuals with current persecutory delusions was conducted.MethodsTaped semi‐structured clinical interviews were transcribed for each participant. Using a coding frame devised for the current study, a detailed description of persecutory content was made. Scores on the Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventories, the Rosenberg Self‐esteem Scale and the Psychotic Symptom Rating Scales were used as indicators of emotional distress.ResultsData were gathered on the identity and type of persecutor, pervasiveness of threat and the power of the persecutor. Reliability was good. Beliefs involving multiple persecutors, human in nature and identifiable to the individual were common. For the majority threat was severe, ongoing and enduring and coupled with frequent feelings of vulnerability. Specific aspects of delusional content were found to be associated with emotional distress. For example, if participants felt more power in the face of persecution this was coupled with lower depression and higher self‐esteem.ConclusionsPersecutory delusions are beliefs concerning severe threat, particularly of physical harm including death, which is personally significant, frequently involving multiple persecutors known to the individual. Depression is higher in those who felt less powerful than their persecutors. Associations, such as this, with emotional distress support a direct role for emotion in delusion formation and maintenance. It is consistent with cognitive models of delusions which emphasize the importance of considering emotional distress in the context of belief appraisal, although interpretation of the results is limited by the cross‐sectional study design. Recognizing these links may in turn aid therapists in identifying aspects of beliefs that might be targeted to facilitate emotional change.
Methodology of Lifetime Prediction in Polymer Aging
Authors: Verdu J. , Colin X. , Fayolle B. , Audouin L. 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
Two approaches for lifetime prediction in polymer aging are compared: the “simulation approach” and the “ideal approach.” The widely used “simulation approach,” based on the hypotheses which were never clearly formulated, consists of finding a set of exposure conditions such that accelerated aging leads to the same structural states as natural aging. Using simple kinetic models it is demonstrated, that in the general case it is impossible to obtain a “good simulation.” Anyhow, in this approach, the problem of the relationship between accelerated aging and natural lifetimes remains unresolved. The “ideal approach” uses nonempirical kinetic models, taking into account structural changes at all the pertinent scales, and also uses polymer physics to establish the link between the polymer structure and the property under consideration. An important characteristic of this approach is that the accelerated aging serves only to determine the model parameters.
Modified Coronally Advanced Flap Associated With a Subepithelial Connective Tissue Graft for the Treatment of Adjacent Multiple Gingival Recessions
Authors: Carvalho Paulo F.M. , da Silva Robert C. , Cury Patrícia R. , Joly Julio C. 
Published: October 2006

Background: The clinical choice of the appropriate surgical technique aiming at root coverage relies, among other factors, on the number of adjacent gingival recessions. This study aimed to clinically evaluate the effectiveness and the predictability of root coverage at adjacent multiple gingival recessions using a modified coronally positioned flap associated with the subepithelial connective tissue graft.Methods: Ten non‐smoking, healthy subjects (five men and five women; mean age, 28.7 years) presenting 29 Class I or II adjacent multiple gingival recessions were enrolled. Each patient was treated using a modified coronally advanced flap associated with the subepithelial connective tissue graft. Probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), recession depth (RD), and width of keratinized tissue (KT) were measured at baseline and 6 months later. The Student t test was used to compare treatment outcomes through time.Results: The results revealed significant CAL gain (mean gain ± SD, 1.97 ± 0.94 mm; P <0.0001), RD decrease (2.03 ± 0.78 mm; P <0.0001), and KT increase (1.31 ± 1.23 mm, P <0.0001). The average root coverage was 96.7%, and complete root coverage was found at 93.1% of the defects. Nine of the 10 patients (90% of the patients) experienced complete root coverage.Conclusions: The modified coronally advanced flap associated with the subepithelial connective tissue graft was effective and predictable to produce root coverage at multiple adjacent gingival recessions associated with gain in the CAL and in the width of KT.
New Evidence of Premature Oxidative DNA Damage: Mitochondrial DNA Deletion in Gingival Tissue of Patients With Periodontitis
Authors: Çanakçı Cenk Fatih , Tatar Abdulgani , Çanakçı Varol , Cicek Yasin , Oztas Sitki , Orbak Recep 
Published: October 2006

Background: Overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) causes increased oxidative stress in gingival tissue. It has been generally accepted that increased oxidative stress might contribute to additional damage of lipids, proteins, and DNA molecules. The mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutation is a superb biomarker of oxidative damage. The aim of the present study was to investigate the mtDNA deletions in the gingival tissue of patients with periodontitis and to explain the correlations between mtDNA deletion in gingival tissue and clinical parameters of periodontitis and age.Methods: Gingival tissue and blood samples were collected from 30 patients with chronic periodontitis (CP group) and 30 healthy control subjects (H group). To determine the clinical condition of each subject, the plaque index, gingival index, clinical attachment level, and probing depth were measured. Using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method, we examined the 7.4‐ and 5‐kbp mtDNA deletions in tissue and blood samples. Three different pairs of PCR primers were used in this study.Results: In this study, we did not detect any deletions in blood DNA samples in either the CP or H group. Also, the 7.4‐kbp mtDNA deletion was not detected in gingival tissues of subjects. However, the 5‐kbp mtDNA deletion was detected in 24 of the 30 subjects (80%) in the CP group and was not detected in the H group (0%). Significant correlations were found between the occurrence of the 5‐kbp mtDNA deletion and all clinical parameters (P <0.01). A similar correlation was found between the occurrence of the 5‐kbp mtDNA deletion and age (P <0.05).Conclusions: The overproduction of ROS by activated polymorphonuclear leukocytes in chronic inflammation may lead to premature oxidative damage of the mtDNA. In this study, the occurrence of the 5‐kbp mtDNA deletion in 24 periodontitis subjects may be evidence of premature oxidative DNA damage.
Field Evaluation of a Model for Predicting Nitrogen Losses from Drained Lands
Authors: Youssef Mohamed A. , Skaggs R. Wayne , Chescheir George M. , Gilliam J. Wendell 
Published: October 2006

ABSTRACTThe N simulation model, DRAINMOD‐N II, was field‐tested using a 6‐yr data set from an artificially drained agricultural site located in eastern North Carolina. The test site is on a nearly flat sandy loam soil which is very poorly drained under natural conditions. Four experimental plots, planted to a corn (Zea mays)–wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)–soybean (Glycine max.) rotation and managed using conventional and controlled drainage, were used in model testing. Water table depth, subsurface drainage, and N concentration in drain flow were measured and meteorological data were recorded continuously. DRAINMOD‐N II was calibrated using the data from one plot; data sets from the other three plots were used for model validation. Simulation results showed an excellent agreement between observed and predicted nitrate‐nitrogen (NO3–N) losses in drainage water over the 6‐yr period and a reasonable agreement on an annual basis. The agreement on a monthly basis was not as good. The Nash‐Sutcliffe modeling efficiency (EF) for monthly predictions was 0.48 for the calibration plot and 0.19, 0.01, and −0.02 for the validation plots. The value of the EF for yearly predictions was 0.92 for the calibration plot and 0.73, 0.62, and −0.10 for the validation plots. Errors in predicting cumulative NO3–N losses over the 6‐yr period were remarkably small; −1.3% for the calibration plot, −8.1%, −2.8%, and 4.0% for the validation plots. Results of this study showed the potential of DRAINMOD‐N II for predicting N losses from drained agricultural lands. Further research is needed to test the model for different management practices and soil and climatological conditions.