bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evidence for common genetic control in pathways of inflammation for Crohn's disease and psoriatic arthritis
Authors: Ho Pauline , Bruce Ian N. , Silman Alan , Symmons Deborah , Newman Bill , Young Helen , Griffiths Christopher E. M. , John Sally , Worthington Jane , Barton Anne 
Published: October 2005

AbstractObjectiveClinical, pharmacologic, and epidemiologic evidence supports the hypothesis that common genetic pathways may underlie inflammatory diseases. In a previous study, a Crohn's disease gene, CARD15, was demonstrated to be associated with psoriatic arthritis (PsA). Recently, a functional haplotype of 2 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) mapping to the organic cation transporter (OCTN) genes, SLC22A4 and SLC22A5, was identified as a second Crohn's disease susceptibility locus. The SLC22A4 gene has also been associated with rheumatoid arthritis. This study was undertaken to further elucidate associations of PsA with Crohn's disease susceptibility genes.MethodsAssociation with CARD15 and OCTN was investigated in UK Caucasian patients with PsA (n = 472) and population controls (n = 594), using 5′ allelic discrimination assays (TaqMan). Two SNPs in OCTN, forming a haplotype previously associated with Crohn's disease, were also tested in patients with psoriasis (n = 218) and patients with early undifferentiated inflammatory arthritis (n = 386). Allele and estimated haplotype frequencies were compared between patients and controls.ResultsNo association of PsA with CARD15 was detected. In contrast, a functional SNP mapping to the promoter region of SLC22A5 (rs2631367) was associated with PsA (for CC versus GG, odds ratio 1.65, 95% confidence interval 1.13–2.41, uncorrected P = 0.005). In addition, the haplotype associated with Crohn's disease was also associated with PsA (P = 0.001). No association was detected in the cohort with psoriasis alone or in the cohort with undifferentiated inflammatory arthritis.ConclusionThe OCTN haplotype previously associated with Crohn's disease is also associated with PsA, suggesting that these 2 diseases may share some common genetic control in pathways of inflammation.
Obesity is an independent contributor to functional capacity and inflammation in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Oeser Annette , Chung Cecilia P. , Asanuma Yu , Avalos Ingrid , Stein C. Michael 
Published: October 2005

AbstractObjectiveObesity induces a proinflammatory state and is a major cause of morbidity in the general population. However, little is known about the effects of obesity in patients with chronic inflammatory illnesses such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).MethodsOne hundred consecutive patients with SLE were studied to determine the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and functional capacity, measures of fatigue, quality of life, and the inflammation markers C‐reactive protein (CRP), the erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6). The association between BMI and patient characteristics was determined, and multiple logistic regression models were used to adjust for age, sex, disease activity, and disease‐related damage.ResultsThirty‐three patients had a normal BMI (<25 kg/m2), 28 were overweight (25–29.9 kg/m2), and 39 were obese (≥30 kg/m2). Obese patients had worse functional capacity, more fatigue, and higher concentrations of inflammation markers. The mean ± SD modified Health Assessment Questionnaire (M‐HAQ) score was 0.6 ± 0.4 in obese patients compared with 0.3 ± 0.4 and 0.2 ± 0.3 in overweight patients and those with a normal BMI, respectively (P = 0.001). The mean ± SD concentrations of CRP in obese patients (10.0 ± 8.6 mg/liter) were higher than those in patients who were overweight (4.7 ± 5.4 mg/liter) or had a normal BMI (6.2 ± 9.9 mg/liter) (P < 0.001). Similarly, concentrations of IL‐6 were higher in obese patients (P = 0.003). After adjusting for age, sex, disease activity, and damage indices, the associations between BMI and CRP (P < 0.001), M‐HAQ scores (P = 0.005), and IL‐6 concentrations (P = 0.01) remained significant.ConclusionObesity is independently associated with impaired functional capacity and inflammation markers in patients with lupus. Thus, weight loss may improve functional capacity and decrease cardiovascular risk factors.
Clinical and radiographic outcomes of four different treatment strategies in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis (the BeSt study): A randomized, controlled trial
Authors: Goekoop‐Ruiterman Y. P. M. , De Vries‐Bouwstra J. K. , Allaart C. F. , Van Zeben D. , Kerstens P. J. S. M. , Hazes J. M. W. , Zwinderman A. H. , Ronday H. K. , Han K. H. , Westedt M. L. , Gerards A. H. , Van Groenendael J. H. L. M. , Lems W. F. , Van Krugten M. V. , Breedveld F. C. , Dijkmans B. A. C. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractObjectiveSeveral treatment strategies have proven value in the amelioration of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), but the optimal strategy for preventing long‐term joint damage and functional decline is unclear. We undertook this study to compare clinical and radiographic outcomes of 4 different treatment strategies, with intense monitoring in all patients.MethodsIn a multicenter, randomized clinical trial, 508 patients were allocated to 1 of 4 treatment strategies: sequential disease‐modifying antirheumatic drug monotherapy (group 1), step‐up combination therapy (group 2), initial combination therapy with tapered high‐dose prednisone (group 3), and initial combination therapy with the tumor necrosis factor antagonist infliximab (group 4). Treatment adjustments were made every 3 months in an effort to obtain low disease activity (a Disease Activity Score in 44 joints of ≤2.4).ResultsInitial combination therapy including either prednisone (group 3) or infliximab (group 4) resulted in earlier functional improvement than did sequential monotherapy (group 1) and step‐up combination therapy (group 2), with mean scores at 3 months on the Dutch version of the Health Assessment Questionnaire (D‐HAQ) of 1.0 in groups 1 and 2 and 0.6 in groups 3 and 4 (P < 0.001). After 1 year, mean D‐HAQ scores were 0.7 in groups 1 and 2 and 0.5 in groups 3 and 4 (P = 0.009). The median increases in total Sharp/Van der Heijde radiographic joint score were 2.0, 2.5, 1.0, and 0.5 in groups 1–4, respectively (P < 0.001). There were no significant differences in the number of adverse events and withdrawals between the groups.ConclusionIn patients with early RA, initial combination therapy including either prednisone or infliximab resulted in earlier functional improvement and less radiographic damage after 1 year than did sequential monotherapy or step‐up combination therapy.
Influence of mechanical stress and surface interaction on the aggregation of Aspergillus niger conidia
Authors: Grimm L.H. , Kelly S. , Völkerding I.I. , Krull R. , Hempel D.C. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractProductivity of fungal cultures is closely linked with their morphologic development. Morphogenesis of coagulating filamentous fungi, like Aspergillus niger, starts with aggregation of conidia, also denominated as spores. Several parameters are presumed to control this event, but little is known about their mode of action. Rational process optimization requires models that mirror the underlying reaction mechanisms. An approach in this regard is suggested and supported by experimental data. Aggregation kinetics was examined for the first 15 h of cultivation under different cultivation conditions. Mechanical stress was considered as well as pH‐dependent surface interaction. Deliberations were based on a two‐step aggregation mechanism. The first aggregation step is only affected by the pH‐value, not by the fluid dynamic conditions in the bioreactor. The second aggregation step, in contrast, depends on the pH‐value as well as on agitation and aeration induced power input. For the given experimental set‐up, agitation had much more influence than aeration. In addition, hyphal growth rate was determined to be the driving force for the second aggregation step. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Heterologous protein production capacity of mammalian cells cultivated as monolayers and microtissues
Authors: Sanchez‐Bustamante Carlota Diaz , Kelm Jens M. , Mitta Barbara , Fussenegger Martin 
Published: October 2005

AbstractA precise understanding of processes managing heterologous protein production in vitro and in vivo is essential for the manufacture of sophisticated biopharmaceuticals as well as for future gene therapy and tissue engineering initiatives. Capitalizing on the gravity‐enforced self‐assembly of monodispersed cells into coherent (multicellular) microtissues we studied heterologous protein production of microtissues and monolayers derived from cell lines and primary cells engineered/transduced for (i) constitutive, (ii) proliferation‐controlled, (iii) macrolide‐, or (iv) gas‐inducible expression of the human placental secreted alkaline phosphatase (SEAP) and of the Bacillus stearothermophilus‐derived secreted α‐amylase (SAMY). Specific productivity of cells assembled in microtissues was up to 20‐fold higher than isogenic monolayer cultures. Diffusion across microtissues could be further increased by HUVEC‐mediated vascularization. As well as higher specific protein productivities, microtissues were also more efficient than monolayer cultures in assembling transgenic lentiviral particles. Our results showed that mammalian cells embedded in a tissue‐like three‐dimensional (3D) microenvironment exhibit increased production capacity. This observation should be considered for gene therapy and tissue engineering scenarios as well as for biopharmaceutical manufacturing. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
High‐level production and covalent immobilization of Providencia rettgeri penicillin G acylase (PAC) from recombinant Pichia pastoris for the development of a novel and stable biocatalyst of industrial applicability
Authors: Senerovic Lidija , Stankovic Nada , Spizzo Patrizia , Basso Alessandra , Gardossi Lucia , Vasiljevic Branka , Ljubijankic Goran , Tisminetzky Sergio , Degrassi Giuliano 
Published: October 2005

AbstractA complete, integrated process for the production of an innovative formulation of penicillin G acylase from Providencia rettgeri(rPACP.rett)of industrial applicability is reported. In order to improve the yield of rPAC, the clone LN5.5, carrying four copies of pac gene integrated into the genome of Pichia pastoris, was constructed. The proteinase activity of the recombinant strain was reduced by knockout of the PEP4 gene encoding for proteinase A, resulting in an increased rPACP.rett activity of approximately 40% (3.8 U/mL vs. 2.7U/mL produced by LN5.5 in flask). A high cell density fermentation process was established with a 5‐day methanol induction phase and a final PAC activity of up to 27 U/mL. A single step rPACP.rett purification was also developed with an enzyme activity yield of approximately 95%. The novel features of the rPAC
P.rett expressed in P.pastoris were fully exploited and emphasized through the covalent immobilization of rPACP.rett. The enzyme wasimmobilized on a series of structurally correlated methacrylic polymers, specifically designed and produced for optimizing rPACP.rett performances in both hydrolytic and synthetic processes. Polymers presenting aminic functionalities were the most efficient, leading to formulations with higher activity and stability (half time stability >3 years and specific activity ranging from 237 to 477 U/g dry based on benzylpenicillin hydrolysis). The efficiency of the immobilized rPACP.rett was finally evaluated by studying the kinetically controlled synthesis of β‐lactam antibiotics (cephalexin) and estimating the synthesis/hydrolysis ratio (S/H), which is a crucial parameter for the feasibility of the process. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Optimal in‐vitro expansion of chondroprogenitor cells in monolayer culture
Authors: Melero‐Martin Juan M , Dowling Mary‐Ann , Smith Mark , Al‐Rubeai Mohamed 
Published: October 2005

AbstractA continuous production of large quantities of chondroprogenitor cells for the manufacture of engineered cartilage tissue products is required. Expansion of the cell population in vitro has become an essential step in the process of tissue engineering of articular cartilage and the optimization of the culture conditions is a fundamental problem that needs to be addressed. The analysis of both seeding density and passage length was considered crucial in the optimization of expansion processes, and their correct selection should be taken as a requisite to establish culture conditions for monolayer systems. The determination of the optimal seeding density and the corresponding passage length for cell expansion in a serial passaging operation was found to be a compromise between growth kinetics and process time. This optimal determination was carried out using a mathematical approach that led to values of 104 cell/cm2 for seeding density and 73 h for passage length. Additional considerations concerning the running cost of the process were introduced. Although the optimal passage length gave the desired expansion factor in a minimum process time, the selection of an alternative value of 120 h was shown to reduce the cost of the expansion process in more than 60%. The optimization approach presented will contribute to the development of feasible large scale expansion operations of chondroprogenitor cells required by the cartilage tissue engineering industry. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Satellite cells from dystrophic (Mdx) mice display accelerated differentiation in primary cultures and in isolated myofibers
Authors: Yablonka‐Reuveni Zipora , Anderson Judy E. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractIn the dystrophic (mdx) mouse, skeletal muscle undergoes cycles of degeneration and regeneration, and myogenic progenitors (satellite cells) show ongoing proliferation and differentiation at a time when counterpart cells in normal healthy muscle enter quiescence. However, it remains unclear whether this enhanced satellite cell activity is triggered solely by the muscle environment or is also governed by factors inherent in satellite cells. To obtain a better picture of myogenesis in dystrophic muscle, a direct cell‐by‐cell analysis was performed to compare satellite cell dynamics from mdx and normal (C57Bl/10) mice in two cell culture models. In one model, the kinetics of satellite cell differentiation was quantified in primary cell cultures from diaphragm and limb muscles by immunodetection of MyoD, myogenin, and MEF2. In mdx cell cultures, myogenin protein was expressed earlier than normal and was followed more rapidly by dual myogenin/MEF2A expression and myotube formation. In the second model, the dynamics of satellite cell myogenesis were investigated in cultured myofibers isolated from flexor digitorum brevis (FDB) muscle, which retain satellite cells in the native position. Consistent with primary cultures, satellite cells in mdx myofibers displayed earlier myogenin expression, as well as an enhanced number of myogenin‐expressing satellite cells per myofiber compared to normal. The addition of fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) led to an increase in the number of satellite cells expressing myogenin in normal and mdx myofibers. However, the extent of the FGF effect was more robust in mdx myofibers. Notably, many myonuclei in mdx myofibers were centralized, evidence of segmental regeneration; all central nuclei and many peripheral nuclei in mdx myofibers were positive for MEF2A. Results indicated that myogenic cells in dystrophic muscle display accelerated differentiation. Furthermore, the study demonstrated that FDB myofibers are an excellent model of the in vivo state of muscle, as they accurately represented the dystrophic phenotype. Developmental Dynamics 235:203–212, 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
cadherin‐6 Message expression in the nervous system of developing zebrafish
Authors: Liu Qin , Liu Bei , Wilson Amy L. , Rostedt Jason 
Published: October 2005

AbstractCadherins are cell surface adhesion molecules that play important roles in development of a variety of tissues including the nervous system. In this study, we analyzed expression pattern of cadherin‐6, a member of the type II cadherin subfamily, in the embryonic zebrafish nervous system using in situ hybridization methods. cadherin‐6 message is first expressed by the neural keel, then by restricted regions in the brain and spinal cord. cadherin‐6 expression in the brain transiently delineates specific brain regions. In the peripheral nervous system, cadherin‐6 message is expressed by the neurogenic placodes and the dorsal root ganglia. As development proceeds, cadherin‐6 expression domain and/or expression levels increased in the embryonic nervous system. Our results show that cadherin‐6 expression in the zebrafish developing nervous system is both spatially and temporally regulated, implicating a role for cadherin‐6 in the formation of these nervous structures. Developmental Dynamics 235:272–278, 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression of avian C‐terminal binding proteins (Ctbp1 and Ctbp2) during embryonic development
Authors: Van Hateren Nick , Shenton Tom , Borycki Anne‐Gaëlle 
Published: October 2005

AbstractC‐terminal binding proteins (CtBPs) are transcriptional corepressors of mediators of Notch, Wnt, and other signalling pathways. Thus, they are potential players in the control of several developmentally important processes, including segmentation, somitogenesis, and neural tube and limb patterning. We have cloned the avian orthologues of Ctbp1 and Ctbp2 and examined their expression pattern by whole‐mount in situ hybridization between Hamburger and Hamilton (HH) stages 3 and 24. Both Ctbp genes show similar expression patterns during embryonic development, and both are detected from HH stage 3 in the developing central nervous system, by HH stage 7 in the paraxial mesoderm and later in the limb bud. In most places, Ctbp1 and Ctbp2 are expressed in overlapping domains. However, there are interesting domains and/or temporal expression patterns that are specific to each Ctbp gene. For instance, Ctbp1 is predominantly expressed in the epiblast, whereas Ctbp2 is in the primitive streak at HH stage 3. However, by HH stage 4, both genes are found in the primitive streak and in the ectoderm. Similarly, although both genes display similar expression patterns in early somitogenesis, in mature somites, Ctbp1 transcripts are located in myotomal cells, whereas Ctbp2 transcripts are observed in dermomyotomal cells. Finally, we found that emigrating neural crest cells express Ctbp2, whereas dorsal root ganglia express Ctbp1. These data suggest that Ctbp1 and Ctbp2 may be functionally redundant in some tissues and have unique functions in other tissues. Developmental Dynamics 235:490–495, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Regulation of early Xenopus development by ErbB signaling
Authors: Nie Shuyi , Chang Chenbei 
Published: October 2005

AbstractErbB signaling has long been implicated in cancer formation and progression and is shown to regulate cell division, migration, and death during tumorigenesis. The functions of the ErbB pathway during early vertebrate embryogenesis, however, are not well understood. Here we report characterization of ErbB activities during early frog development. Gain‐of‐function analyses show that EGFR, ErbB2, and ErbB4 induce ectopic tumor‐like cell mass that contains increased numbers of mitotic cells. Both the muscle and the neural markers are expressed in these ectopic protrusions. ErbBs also induce mesodermal markers in ectodermal explants. Loss‐of‐function studies using carboxyl terminal‐truncated dominant‐negative ErbB receptors demonstrate that blocking ErbB signals leads to defective gastrulation movements and malformation of the embryonic axis with a reduction in the head structures in early frog embryos. These data, together with the observation that ErbBs are expressed early during frog embryogenesis, suggest that ErbBs regulate cell proliferation, movements, and embryonic patterning during early Xenopus development. Developmental Dynamics 235:301–314, 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Robust Synthesis and Crystal‐Structure Analysis of 7‐Cyano‐7‐deazaguanine (PreQ0 Base) and 7‐(Aminomethyl)‐7‐deazaguanine (PreQ1 Base)
Authors: Klepper Florian , Polborn Kurt , Carell Thomas 
Published: October 2005

AbstractWe describe robust and efficient synthetic methods for the synthesis of the preQ0 and preQ1 bases, which are the biosynthetic precursors of the hypermodified RNA nucleoside queuosine. The X‐ray crystal‐structure analysis of preQ1 is also described.
Mechanistic Studies on the Oxidation of Nitrite by a μ‐Oxodiiron(III,III) Complex in Aqueous Acidic Media
Authors: Bhattacharyya Jhimli , Mukhopadhyay Subrata 
Published: October 2005

AbstractExamined in this study is the kinetics of a net 2e− transfer between [Fe2(μ‐O)(phen)4(H2O)2]4+ (1) and its hydrolytic derivatives [Fe2(μ‐O)(phen)4(H2O)(OH)]3+ (2) and [Fe2(μ‐O)(phen)4(OH)2]2+ (3) with $\rm{{{NO}}_{{2}}^ - }$ in aqueous media and in presence of excess 1,10‐phenanthroline (phen). The reaction is quantitative with a 1 : 1 stoichiometry between the oxidant and reductant to produce ferroin ([Fe(phen)3]2+) and $\rm{{{NO}}_{{3}}^ - }$. The order of reactivity of the oxidant species is 1 > 2 > 3, in agreement with the progressive cationic charge reduction. The reactions appear to be inner‐sphere where the initial one‐electron proton‐coupled redox (1e−, 1H+; electroprotic) seems to be rate‐determining.
Three New Compounds from Securidaca inappendiculata
Authors: Kang Wen‐Yi , Wang Zhe‐Ming , Li Zheng‐Quan , Xu Xiao‐Jie 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThree new compounds, 2‐methoxy‐3,4‐(methylenedioxy)benzophenone (1), 4‐hydroxy‐2,3‐dimethoxybenzophenone (2), and 3‐hydroxy‐4,6‐dimethoxy‐9H‐xanthen‐9‐one (3), besides three known compounds were isolated from the roots of Securidaca inappendiculata. Their structures were established by spectroscopic means and X‐ray crystallographic diffraction analysis. The biogenetic relationships among these six compounds are discussed.
Cardenolides and Cardiac Aglycone from the Stem Bark of Trewia nudiflora
Authors: Kang Qian‐Jin , Zhao Pei‐Ji , He Hong‐Ping , Shen Yue‐Mao 
Published: October 2005

AbstractFive new cardenolides and one new cardiac aglycone, i.e., (5α)‐sarmentogenin 3‐(α‐L‐rhamnopyranoside) (1), (5α)‐sarmentogenin (2), 11‐oxouzarigenin 3‐(α‐L‐rhamnopyranoside) (3), (5α)‐gitoxigenin 3‐(α‐L‐rhamnopyranoside) (4), (5α)‐oleandrigenin 3‐(α‐L‐rhamnopyranoside) (5), and (5α)‐oleandrigenin 3‐[β‐D‐glucopyranosyl‐(1 → 4)‐α‐L‐rhamnopyranoside] (6), together with two known cardenolides, i.e., frugoside (= (3β,5α)‐3‐[(6‐deoxy‐β‐D‐allopyranosyl)oxy]‐14,19‐dihydroxycard‐20(22)‐enolide) and (17α)‐ascleposide (= (3β,5α,17α)‐3‐[(6‐deoxy‐α‐D‐allopyranosyl)oxy]‐14‐hydroxycard‐20(22)‐enolide), were isolated from the stem bark of Trewia nudiflora L. (Euphorbiaceae) collected in Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province, China. Their structures were established by spectroscopic studies. Cardenolides were first found in the genus Trewia (Euphorbiaceae).
(1S,2S,3R,6R)‐6‐Aminocyclohex‐4‐ene‐1,2,3‐triol (= (−)‐Conduramine B‐1) Is a Selective Inhibitor of α‐Mannosidases. Its Inhibitory Activity Is Enhanced by N‐Benzylation
Authors: Łysek Robert , Schütz Catherine , Vogel Pierre 
Published: October 2005

Abstract(−)‐ and (+)‐Conduramine B‐1 ((−)‐ and (+)‐5, resp.) have been derived from (+)‐ and (−)‐7‐oxabicyclo[2.2.1]hept‐5‐en‐2‐one (‘naked sugars’ of the first generation). Although (−)‐5 imitates the structure of β‐glucosides, it does not inhibit β‐glucosidases but inhibits α‐mannosidases selectively. N‐Benzylation of (−)‐5 improves the potency of conduramine B‐1 as α‐mannosidase inhibitor and also generates compounds inhibiting β‐glucosidases. For instance, (−)‐N‐benzyl‐conduramine B‐1 ((−)‐19a) is a competitive inhibitor of β‐glucosidase from almonds (IC50 = 32 μM, Ki = 10 μM) and a weak inhibitor of α‐mannosidases from jack bean (IC50 = 171 μM) and from almonds (IC50 = 225 μM) whereas (−)‐N‐(4‐phenylbenzyl)conduramine B‐1 ((−)‐19g) is a good inhibitor of α‐mannosidase from jack beans (IC50 = 29 μM, Ki = 4.8 μM) and a weaker inhibitor of β‐glucosidase from almonds (IC50 = 32 μM, Ki = 7.8 μM) (Table 1).