bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Sensitivity of Supercell Cold Pools to the Lifting Condensation Level and the Predicted Particle Properties Microphysics Scheme
Authors: Murdzek Shawn S. , Richardson Yvette P. , Markowski Paul M. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Previous work found that cold pools in ordinary convection are more sensitive to the microphysics scheme when the lifting condensation level (LCL) is higher owing to a greater evaporation potential, which magnifies microphysical uncertainties. In the current study, we explore whether the same reasoning can be applied to supercellular cold pools. To do this, four perturbed-microphysics ensembles are run, with each using an environment with a different LCL. Similar to ordinary convection, the sensitivity of supercellular cold pools to the microphysics increases with higher LCLs, though the physical reasoning for this increase in sensitivity differs from a previous study. Using buoyancy budgets along parcel trajectories that terminate in the cold pool, we find that negative buoyancy generated by microphysical cooling is partially countered by a decrease in environmental potential temperatures as the parcel descends. This partial erosion of negative buoyancy as parcels descend is most pronounced in the low-LCL storms, which have steeper vertical profiles of environmental potential temperature in the lower atmosphere. When this erosion is accounted for, the strength of the strongest cold pools in the low-LCL ensemble is reduced, resulting in a narrower distribution of cold pool strengths. This narrower distribution is indicative of reduced sensitivity to the microphysics. These results suggest that supercell behavior and supercell hazards (e.g., tornadoes) may be more predictable in low-LCL environments.

Significance Statement
Thunderstorms typically produce “pools” of cold air beneath them owing in part to the evaporation of rain and melting of ice produced by the storm. Past work has found that in computer simulations of thunderstorms, the cold pools that form beneath thunderstorms are sensitive to how rain and ice are modeled in the simulation. In this study, we show that in the strongest thunderstorms that are capable of producing tornadoes, this sensitivity is reduced when the humidity in the lowest few kilometers above the surface is increased. Exploring why the sensitivity is reduced when the humidity increases provides a deeper understanding of the relationship between humidity and cold pool strength, which is important for severe storm forecasting.
Smoking among immigrants in Norway: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Kjøllesdal Marte K.R. , Indseth Thor 
Published: March 2024

Background: Smoking among immigrants varies by country background and is high in some groups. More detailed information about smoking prevalence by country background and sociodemographic factors is needed to target interventions. Methods: Data from the Survey on Living Conditions among immigrants 2016 were used, including immigrants from 12 countries and with ⩾2 years of residence ( N = 3565). Data on smoking (daily and occasional) by country of birth, sex, age group, education, duration of residence, age at immigration, proficiency in the Norwegian language, and social support were reported. Results: The highest proportions of daily smokers were seen among immigrants from Turkey (36%), Poland (34%), and Vietnam (29%) for men, and from Turkey (22%), Bosnia-Herzegovina (18%), and Poland (17%) for women. Differences in smoking by sociodemographic factors varied with country background, but for several groups of men, the lowest proportions of smokers were seen among those with the highest educational level, those who were employed, and those who immigrated during childhood or adolescence. Conclusions: Policies are warranted that target smoking among immigrant men in general, and particularly among men from Turkey, Poland, and Vietnam, as well as for women from Turkey, Bosnia-Herzegovina, and Poland.
Intravenous alteplase in minor nondisabling ischemic stroke: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Alhazzani Adel , Al-Ajlan Fahad S , Alkhiri Ahmed , Almaghrabi Ahmed A , Alamri Aser F , Alghamdi Basil A , Salamatullah Hassan K , Alharbi Abdullah R , Almutairi Maher B , Chen Hui-Sheng , Wang Yongjun , Abdalkader Mohamad , Turc Guillaume , Khatri Pooja , Nguyen Thanh N 
Published: March 2024

Background: Minor ischemic stroke, defined as National Institute of Health Stroke Scale score of 0–5 on admission, represents half of all acute ischemic strokes. The role of intravenous alteplase (IVA) among patients with minor stroke is inconclusive; therefore, we evaluated clinical outcomes of these patients treated with or without IVA. Materials and methods: We searched Medline, Embase, Scopus, and the Cochrane library until August 1, 2023. Inclusion was restricted to the English literature of studies that reported on minor nondisabling stroke patients treated with or without IVA. Odds ratios (ORs) with their corresponding 95% CIs were utilized using a random-effects model. Efficacy outcomes included rates of excellent (modified Rankin scale [mRS] of 0–1) and good (mRS of 0–2) functional outcome at 90 days. The main safety outcome was symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH). Results: Five eligible studies, two RCTs and three observational studies, comprising 2764 patients (31.8% female) met inclusion criteria. IVA was administered to 1559 (56.4%) patients. Pooled analysis of the two RCTs revealed no difference between the two groups in terms of 90-days excellent functional outcomes (OR 0.76 [95% CI, 0.51–1.13]; I2 = 0%) and sICH rates (OR 3.76 [95% CI, 0.61–23.20]). No significant differences were observed between the groups in terms of good functional outcomes, 90-day mortality, and 90-day stroke recurrence. Conclusion: This meta-analysis of minor nondisabling stroke suggests that IVA did not prove more beneficial compared to no-IVA.
Intragastric injection of botulinum toxin in the treatment of obesity: a single-center study
Authors: Köseoğlu Hasan Tankut , Kenarli Kerem , Akbay Ahmet , Erdoğan Çağdaṣ , Macif Alper , Göktaṣ Meryem Didem , Hamamci Mevlüt , Kalkan Çağdaṣ , Sarialtin Firathan , Yüksel Mahmut 
Published: March 2024

Background: In recent years, various novel surgical and non-surgical therapeutic options have been developed for treating obesity. Due to its disputed success, intragastric botulinum toxin A (BTX-A) injection is still being debated. Objectives: We aim to contribute to this controversial issue in the literature by sharing our center’s findings regarding intragastric BTX-A injections in the treatment of obesity. Design: Patients with a body mass index (BMI) of greater than 25 kg/m2 and at least one obesity-related complication, or a BMI of greater than 30 kg/m2 without complications, were eligible for the study if they were between the ages of 18 and 65. Methods: Following the same procedure, two endoscopists administered BTX-A to all patients. All patients were evaluated for obesity by measuring their lipid profile, hormone profile, and insulin resistance level before treatment. Results: In our study on 82 patients, we saw a significant mean weight loss (−9.2 kg, p < 0.001) in the second month, and there was no additional mean weight loss in the sixth month of follow-up. In addition, this result seems to be independent of the patient’s insulin resistance. We did not see any serious side effects in any of the patients. Conclusion: Although the use of intragastric injection of BTX-A in the treatment of obesity is a controversial issue, we showed in our study that it causes significant weight loss. Further studies are needed on this subject, as it can be a safe method when the ideal dose and application site are combined with appropriate patient selection.
Combined effect of unrelated donor age and HLA peptide-binding motif match status on HCT outcomes
Authors: Mehta Rohtesh S. , Petersdorf Effie W. , Spellman Stephen R. , Lee Stephanie J. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
An HLA-mismatched unrelated donor who is class I peptide-binding motif (PBM)-matched is preferred over a PBM-mismatched donor. We hypothesized that using a younger donor (aged ≤35 years vs &gt;35 years) could compensate for the inferior overall survival (OS) associated with PBM mismatches. We compared 6 groups: HLA-matched/younger donor (n = 10 531), HLA-matched/older donor (n = 3572), PBM-matched/younger donor (n = 357), PBM-matched/older donor (n = 257), PBM-mismatched/younger donor (n = 616), and PBM-mismatched/older donor (n = 339) in patients undergoing transplantation with conventional graft-versus-host disease prophylaxis. In multivariate analysis, HLA-matched/younger donors were associated with superior OS relative to any other group. Pairwise comparisons showed that donor age significantly impacted OS in both HLA-matched and HLA-mismatched groups. Moreover, younger donors appeared to negate the detrimental effect of PBM mismatching: the PBM-matched/younger donor group had similar OS as the HLA-matched/older donor group and the PBM-mismatched/younger donor group had similar OS as the PBM-matched/older donor group. Our study suggests that older unrelated donor age and PBM mismatching confer similarly adverse effects on OS and the impacts are additive, a finding which may widen the “acceptable” donor pool. The best OS is observed with HLA-matched/younger donors and the worst with PBM-mismatched/older donors. These findings should be validated with other data sets and with posttransplantation cyclophosphamide-based prophylaxis.
The glymphatic system in migraine and other headaches
Authors: Vittorini Maria Grazia , Sahin Aysenur , Trojan Antonin , Yusifli Sevil , Alashvili Tamta , Bonifácio Gonçalo V. , Paposhvili Ketevan , Tischler Viktoria , Lampl Christian , Sacco Simona ,   on behalf of the School of Advanced Studies of the European Headache Federation (EHF-SAS)
Published: March 2024

AbstractGlymphatic system is an emerging pathway of removing metabolic waste products and toxic solutes from the brain tissue. It is made of a network of perivascular spaces, filled in cerebrospinal and interstitial fluid, encompassing penetrating and pial vessels and communicating with the subarachnoid space. It is separated from vessels by the blood brain barrier and from brain tissue by the endfeet of the astrocytes rich in aquaporin 4, a membrane protein which controls the water flow along the perivascular space. Animal models and magnetic resonance (MR) studies allowed to characterize the glymphatic system function and determine how its impairment could lead to numerous neurological disorders (e.g. Alzheimer’s disease, stroke, sleep disturbances, migraine, idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus). This review aims to summarize the role of the glymphatic system in the pathophysiology of migraine in order to provide new ways of approaching to this disease and to its therapy.
Intravenous cyclophosphamide therapy for patients with severe ocular inflammatory diseases who failed other immunomodulatory therapies
Authors: Karaca Irmak , Tran Elaine M. , Park SungWho , Bromeo Albert , Khojasteh Hassan , Tran Anh Ngọc Tram , Yavari Negin , Akhavanrezayat Amir , Yasar Cigdem , Uludag Kirimli Gunay , Than Ngoc Tuong Trong , Hassan Muhammad , Or Christopher , Ghoraba Hashem , Do Diana V. , Nguyen Quan Dong 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
Ocular inflammatory diseases, including scleritis and uveitis, have been widely treated with immunomodulatory therapies (IMTs) as a steroid-sparing approach. Such strategy includes conventional therapies (antimetabolites, alkylating agents, and calcineurin inhibitors) as well as biologic agents like adalimumab, infliximab, rituximab, and tocilizumab. Cyclophosphamide (CP) is an alkylating agent and mainly inhibits the functioning of both T and B cells. Though known to have potential adverse events, including bone marrow suppression, hemorrhagic cystitis, and sterility, CP has been shown to be efficacious, especially in recalcitrant cases and when used intravenous (IV) for a limited period.

Main findings
We conducted a retrospective case-series to assess the safety and efficacy of CP therapy for patients with severe ocular inflammatory diseases who failed other IMTs. Medical records of 1295 patients who presented to the Uveitis Clinic at the Byers Eye Institute at Stanford between 2017 and 2022 were reviewed. Seven patients (10 eyes) who received CP therapy for ocular inflammatory diseases with at least one year of follow-up were included. The mean age of the patients (4 males, 3 females) was 61.6 ± 14.9 (43.0–89.0) years. Clinical diagnoses included necrotizing scleritis (5 eyes), peripheral ulcerative keratitis (2 eyes), orbital pseudotumor (1 eye), HLA-B27 associated panuveitis and retinal vasculitis (2 eyes). Ocular disease was idiopathic in 3 patients, and was associated with rheumatoid arthritis, IgG-4 sclerosing disease, dermatomyositis, and ankylosing spondylitis in 1 patient each. All the patients had history of previous IMT use including methotrexate (5), mycophenolate mofetil (3), azathioprine (1), tacrolimus (1), adalimumab (2), infliximab (4), and rituximab (1). The mean follow-up time was 34.4 ± 11.0 (13–45) months, and mean duration of CP therapy was 11.9 ± 8.8 (5–28) months. Remission was achieved in 5 patients (71.4%). Four patients (57.1%) experienced transient leukopenia (white blood cell count < 4000/mL).

Short conclusion
CP therapy can be considered a potentially effective and relatively safe therapeutic option for patients with severe ocular inflammatory diseases who failed other IMTs including biologics (TNFa and CD20 inhibitors).
Multi-Omics integration can be used to rescue metabolic information for some of the dark region of the Pseudomonas putida proteome
Authors: Tavis Steven , Hettich Robert L. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn every omics experiment, genes or their products are identified for which even state of the art tools are unable to assign a function. In the biotechnology chassis organismPseudomonas putida,these proteins of unknown function make up 14% of the proteome. This missing information can bias analyses since these proteins can carry out functions which impact the engineering of organisms. As a consequence of predicting protein function across all organisms, function prediction tools generally fail to use all of the types of data available for any specific organism, including protein and transcript expression information. Additionally, the release of Alphafold predictions for all Uniprot proteins provides a novel opportunity for leveraging structural information. We constructed a bespoke machine learning model to predict the function of recalcitrant proteins of unknown function inPseudomonas putidabased on these sources of data, which annotated 1079 terms to 213 proteins. Among the predicted functions supplied by the model, we found evidence for a significant overrepresentation of nitrogen metabolism and macromolecule processing proteins. These findings were corroborated by manual analyses of selected proteins which identified, among others, a functionally unannotated operon that likely encodes a branch of the shikimate pathway.
Structural and functional characterization of genes PYL-PP2C-SnRK2s in the ABA signalling pathway of Cucurbita pepo
Authors: Iglesias-Moya Jessica , Benítez Álvaro , Segura María , Alonso Sonsoles , Garrido Dolores , Martínez Cecilia , Jamilena Manuel 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe core regulation of the abscisic acid (ABA) signalling pathway comprises the multigenic familiesPYL,PP2C,andSnRK2. In this work, we conducted a genome-wide study of the components of these families inCucurbita pepo.ResultsThe bioinformatic analysis of theC. pepogenome resulted in the identification of 19CpPYL, 102CpPP2Cand 10CpSnRK2genes. The investigation of gene structure and protein motifs allowed to define 4 PYL, 13 PP2C and 3 SnRK2 subfamilies. RNA-seq analysis was used to determine the expression of these gene families in different plant organs, as well as to detect their differential gene expression during germination, and in response to ABA and cold stress in leaves. The specific tissue expression of some gene members indicated the relevant role of some ABA signalling genes in plant development. Moreover, their differential expression under ABA treatment or cold stress revealed those ABA signalling genes that responded to ABA, and those that were up- or down-regulated in response to cold stress. A reduced number of genes responded to both treatments. SpecificPYL-PP2C-SnRK2genes that had potential roles in germination were also detected, including those regulated early during the imbibition phase, those regulated later during the embryo extension and radicle emergence phase, and those induced or repressed during the whole germination process.ConclusionsThe outcomes of this research open new research lines for agriculture and for assessing gene function in future studies.
Characterization of the broad-spectrum antibacterial activity of bacteriocin-like inhibitory substance-producing probiotics isolated from fermented foods
Authors: Thuy Tran Thi Dieu , Lu Hsu-Feng , Bregente Carl Jay Ballena , Huang Fong-Chi Annabelle , Tu Pei-Chun , Kao Cheng-Yen 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAntimicrobial peptides, such as bacteriocin, produced by probiotics have become a promising novel class of therapeutic agents for treating infectious diseases. Selected lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from fermented foods with probiotic potential were evaluated for various tests, including exopolysaccharide production, antibiotic susceptibility, acid and bile tolerance, antibacterial activity, and cell adhesion and cytotoxicity to gastric cell lines. Six selected LAB strains maintained their high viability under gastrointestinal conditions, produced high exopolysaccharides, showed no or less cytotoxicity, and adhered successfully to gastric cells. Furthermore, three strains, Weissella confusa CYLB30, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum CYLB47, and Limosilactobacillus fermentum CYLB55, demonstrated a strong antibacterial effect against drug-resistant Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella enterica serovar Choleraesuis, Enterococcus faecium, and Staphylococcus aureus. Whole genome sequencing was performed on these three strains using the Nanopore platform; then, the results showed that all three strains did not harbor genes related to toxins, superantigens, and acquired antimicrobial resistance, in their genome. The bacteriocin gene cluster was found in CYLB47 genome, but not in CYLB30 and CYLB55 genomes. In SDS-PAGE, the extract of CYLB30 and CYLB47 bacteriocin-like inhibitory substance (BLIS) yielded a single band with a size of less than 10 kDa. These BLIS inhibited the growth and biofilm formation of drug-resistant P. aeruginosa and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), causing membrane disruption and inhibiting adhesion ability to human skin HaCaT cells. Moreover, CYLB30 and CYLB47 BLIS rescued the larvae after being infected with P. aeruginosa and MRSA infections. In conclusion, CYLB30 and CYLB47 BLIS may be potential alternative treatment for multidrug-resistant bacteria infections.
Text analysis framework for identifying mutations among non-small cell lung cancer patients from laboratory data
Authors: Yusuf Amman , Boyne Devon J. , O’Sullivan Dylan E. , Brenner Darren R. , Cheung Winson Y. , Mirza Imran , Jarada Tamer N. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
Laboratory data can provide great value to support research aimed at reducing the incidence, prolonging survival and enhancing outcomes of cancer. Data is characterized by the information it carries and the format it holds. Data captured in Alberta’s biomarker laboratory repository is free text, cluttered and rouge. Such data format limits its utility and prohibits broader adoption and research development. Text analysis for information extraction of unstructured data can change this and lead to more complete analyses. Previous work on extracting relevant information from free text, unstructured data employed Natural Language Processing (NLP), Machine Learning (ML), rule-based Information Extraction (IE) methods, or a hybrid combination between them.

Methods
In our study, text analysis was performed on Alberta Precision Laboratories data which consisted of 95,854 entries from the Southern Alberta Dataset (SAD) and 6944 entries from the Northern Alberta Dataset (NAD). The data covers all of Alberta and is completely population-based. Our proposed framework is built around rule-based IE methods. It incorporates topics such as Syntax and Lexical analyses to achieve deterministic extraction of data from biomarker laboratory data (i.e., Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) test results). Lexical analysis compromises of data cleaning and pre-processing, Rich Text Format text conversion into readable plain text format, and normalization and tokenization of text. The framework then passes the text into the Syntax analysis stage which includes the rule-based method of extracting relevant data. Rule-based patterns of the test result are identified, and a Context Free Grammar then generates the rules of information extraction. Finally, the results are linked with the Alberta Cancer Registry to support real-world cancer research studies.

Results
Of the original 5512 entries in the SAD dataset and 5017 entries in the NAD dataset which were filtered for EGFR, the framework yielded 5129 and 3388 extracted EGFR test results from the SAD and NAD datasets, respectively. An accuracy of 97.5% was achieved on a random sample of 362 tests.

Conclusions
We presented a text analysis framework to extract specific information from unstructured clinical data. Our proposed framework has shown that it can successfully extract relevant information from EGFR test results.
Factors associated with family planning use among refugee and host populations in Adjumani district, West Nile, Uganda: a comparative study
Authors: Achola Roselline , Atuyambe Lynn , Nabiwemba Elizabeth , Fredrick Makumbi , Orach Christopher Garimoi 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIntroductionUganda currently hosts an estimated 1.5 million refugees. The refugees have challenges in accessing family planning (FP) services in the host country. The study aimed to investigate factors associated with FP use among host and refugee populations in Adjumani district, Uganda.MethodsA comparative cross-sectional study was conducted in May 2021 in three refugee settlements and their host communities in Adjumani district. A total of 1,310 respondents, (664 refugees and 646 host) were randomly selected using multistage cluster sampling and interviewed. Quantitative data were collected using structured questionnaires and analyzed using STATA V.15. Descriptive and Multivariate analysis performed.ResultsWe found that modern Contraceptive Prevalence Rate (mCPR) was 30.2% (32.2% for host and 28.2% for refugees). Multivariate analysis showed that women who live singly (AOR = 2.25, 95%, CI: 1.56 -3.84), completed primary education [AOR = 1.65, 95% CI: 1.27–2.16], acquired skills [AOR = 2.28, 95% CI: 2.11–2.47], have the desire for another child [AOR = 3.73, 95% CI: 1.45- 9.60], have stayed in the study area between 3–5 years [AOR = 2.24, 95% CI: 1.46–3.42] were statistically significantly associated with FP use among both refugee and host populations. The key barrier to FP use by host was harassment of women and separation/divorce for not consulting the family members. Whereas amongst the refugees, they do not want to use FP methods.ConclusionOur findings revealed low FP use amongst both populations in Adjumani district. The main factors associated with FP use amongst refugee populations included marital status, level of education, type of occupation, and duration of stay in the study area whereas amongst the host is the marital status. Main reasons for not using FP methods included fear of side effects by hosts and not wanting to use FP by refugees. There is need to sensitize both communities about the benefits of FP at community level.