bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Breathy Voice Source on Ratings of Hypernasality
Authors: Imatomi Setsuko 
Published: October 2005

Objective To investigate the effects of breathy voice sources on ratings of hypernasality using synthesized speech. Methods Speech samples were obtained from children with cleft palates who demonstrated varying degrees of hypernasality and from a child with a voice disorder. Sources with 6 degrees of breathiness were created: a breathy source and five synthesized sources with lowered harmonics-to-noise ratio (HNR) values by the addition of impulses. These sources and each original (clear) source were combined with three kinds of filters: mild, moderate, and severely hypernasal. Consequently, 21 ([6 + 1] × 3) stimuli for each vowel (/a/ and /i/) were obtained for ratings. Participants Thirteen speech pathologists with academic training and various clinical experiences with cleft palate speech rated hypernasality of the stimuli on a 5-point scale. Main Outcome Measures Ratings of hypernasality for breathy and clear stimuli were analyzed using a repeated measures analysis of variance. Results The effects of breathy source on ratings of hypernasality were significant for the following filters: mild hypernasal /a/, severe hypernasal /a/, mild hypernasal /i/, and moderate hypernasal /i/. A post-hoc comparison test demonstrated that the more breathy sources (BH0 or BH2) generally increased the hypernasality score for mild hypernasal filters and decreased it for moderate and severe hypernasal filters. The less breathy sources (BH3, BH4, and BH5) hardly affected the ratings. Conclusion The effects of breathiness on ratings of hypernasality seem to moderate rather than to mask perceived hypernasality. That is, breathiness raises slight hypernasality, whereas it reduces severe hypernasality.
A Longitudinal Study on Influence of Primary Facial Deformities on Maxillofacial Growth in Patients with Cleft Lip and Palate
Authors: Nakamura Norifumi , Suzuki Akira , Takahashi Hideki , Honda Yasuo , Sasaguri Masaaki , Ohishi Masamichi 
Published: October 2005

Objective The goal of this study was to use three-dimensional (3D) analysis to characterize the primary facial deformities in children with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) and then serially analyze the relationships between facial deformities and maxillofacial growth from infancy to adolescence. Participants Twenty-one Japanese subjects with unilateral cleft lip and alveolus (UCLA) and 20 with UCLP who had been operated on and then followed up for more than 15 years were enrolled in this study. Main Outcome Measures Facial cast models taken at cheiloplasty were scanned with a 3D laser scanner. Lateral cephalographs taken when subjects were 15 years of age or older were traced, and linear and angular measurements were calculated. The correlation between primary facial forms and maxillofacial morphology in adolescence was analyzed. Results Three-dimensional analysis showed larger ocular hypertelorism, wider cleft, greater deviation of the columella base, and more severe retruded position of the affected nasal alar base in subjects with UCLP than those with UCLA. Total surface area of the upper lips in subjects with UCLP was significantly smaller than those with UCLA. Correlation analyses revealed that the width of cleft lip, deviation of the columella base, difference of the nose base width, and surface area of the upper lip were statistically correlated with the maxillary length, the anterior position of the maxillary alveolar base, the posterior facial height, and the high angle of the mandible. Conclusion The subjects who had less severe facial deformities and more tissue volume of the upper lips at cheiloplasty showed better maxillofacial growth.
Attitude of the Canine in Secondary Bone-Grafted and Nongrafted Patients with Cleft Lip and Palate
Authors: Gereltzul Enkhtuvshin , Baba Yoshiyuki , Ohyama Kimie 
Published: October 2005

Objective To investigate the eruption pattern of the cleft-side canine regarding its pre-eruption position relative to the cleft in bone-grafted (BG) and nongrafted (NonBG) patients with cleft lip and palate. Methods Fifty-three patients with cleft lip and palate (21 BG, 32 NonBG) were examined by panoramic radiography and posteroanterior cephalography taken before and after canine eruption. Subjects were categorized into BG, NonBG, and control groups. Canines at the pre-eruption stage were categorized as close to (group 1) or distant from (group 2) the cleft area. The canine angle and its change between the two stages were evaluated. Results No significant differences were noted between the initial canine angle of the BG and NonBG groups. Although canines in the BG group erupted without a significant change in angle, the canine angle increased significantly (p < .0001) in the NonBG and control groups. In group 1, a greater change in canine angle was noted in the NonBG (p < .05) and control (p < .01) groups than in the BG group. In group 2, no significant difference was noted among the three groups. Conclusions In BG patients, a canine located near the cleft appears to erupt at the same angle as it had before grafting. However, in NonBG patients, it erupts more vertically, guided by cortical bone. For canines distant from the cleft area, there is no significant difference in the change in angulation between NonBG and BG patients.
Stability of Maxillary Surgical Movement in Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate with Preceding Alveolar Bone Grafting
Authors: Thongdee Pornpaka , Samman Nabil 
Published: October 2005

Objective To evaluate the long-term three-dimensional stability of Le Fort I maxillary osteotomy in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate (CLP) who had preceding alveolar bone grafting. Design Analysis of prospectively collected data. Setting University teaching hospital and postgraduate training center. Subjects Thirty consecutive patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate, who underwent the procedure between 1990 and 1999, satisfied the inclusion criteria and had complete records. There were 9 males and 21 females, with an age range of 14 to 28 years (mean, 18 years), and follow-up range of 12 to 66 months (mean, 62 months). Methods Cephalometric and study cast analyses using pre- and postoperative records (3, 6, 12, 24, and 36 months). Evaluation of surgical movement and postsurgical change at all above time intervals was carried out to determine stability of surgical maxillary movement in the horizontal and vertical planes and to identify rotational and transverse relapse. Results Total relapse of surgical movement was 31% in the horizontal plane and 52% in the vertical plane, as well as 30% rotational. Relapse correlated with extent of surgical movement, and most relapse occurred in the first 6 months after surgery. No significant transverse relapse was documented. Conclusion Alveolar bone grafting prior to osteotomy stabilizes the transverse dimension of the dental arch, but does not improve horizontal, vertical, or rotational relapse, which remains significant. Correlation of relapse with extent of surgical movement does suggest that planned over-correction is a reasonable option.
Prevalence of Enamel Hypoplasia in Deciduous Canines of Patients with Complete Cleft Lip and Palate
Authors: Mary Baaclini Galante Janete , Costa Beatriz , Felício de Carvalho Carrara Cleide , Ribeiro Gomide Marcia 
Published: October 2005

Objective To evaluate the prevalence and type of enamel hypoplasia in deciduous canines of patients with complete unilateral and bilateral cleft lip and palate, as well as its distribution according to gender, dental arch, and side of cleft. Design Cross sectional. Setting Hospital for Rehabilitation of Craniofacial Anomalies, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil. Material and Methods Three-hundred twelve Caucasian children (193 boys, 119 girls), aged 3 to 10 years, presenting complete unilateral and bilateral cleft lip and palate were included in this study. A single examiner carried out clinical examination under natural light with a dental probe and dental mirror and, after drying of the tooth, by means of a simplified hypoplasia index. Results A prevalence of 43.8% was observed for unilateral and 39% for bilateral clefts. Both groups revealed similar distributions regarding the maxillary and mandibular dental arches and gender. Similar distribution was also observed on the cleft and noncleft sides for the unilateral cleft group. The most frequent type and severity was obvious hypoplasia, followed by minimal hypoplasia, both roughly round. Conclusion The results suggest that the cleft does not influence the occurrence of hypoplasia in deciduous canines.
Long-Term Effects of Palate Repair on Craniofacial Morphology in Patients with Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate
Authors: Liao Yu-Fang , Mars Michael 
Published: October 2005

Objective To identify the long-term effects of palate repair on craniofacial growth in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP). Design Retrospective cross-sectional study. Setting Sri Lankan Cleft Lip and Palate Project. Subjects Forty-eight adults with nonsyndromic unilateral cleft lip and palate, 29 men and 19 women, had lip repair only (LRO group). Fifty-eight adults with nonsyndromic unilateral cleft lip and palate, 35 men and 23 women, had lip and palate repairs by the age of 9 (LPR group). Main Outcome Measures Clinical notes were used to record surgical treatment histories. Cephalometry was used to determine craniofacial morphology. Results In the lip and palate repair group, the depth of the bony pharynx (Ba-PMP), the maxillary length at the alveolar level (PMP-A), the effective length of the maxilla (Ar-IZ, Ar-ANS, Ar-A), the maxillary protrusion (S-N-ANS, SNA), the anteroposterior jaw relation (ANS-N-Pog, ANB), and the overjet were smaller than in the lip repair only group. There were no significant differences in the maxillary length at the basal level (PMP-IZ, PMP-ANS) and the anterior and posterior maxillary heights (N-ANS and R-PMP, respectively) in the two groups. Conclusion Palate repair inhibits the forward displacement of the basal maxilla and anteroposterior development of the maxillary dentoalveolus in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate. Palate repair has no detrimental effects on the downward displacement of the basal maxilla or on palatal remodeling in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate.
Maxillary and Sella Turcica Morphology in NewbornsWith Cleft Lip and Palate
Authors: Nielsen Bo Werner , Mølsted Kirsten , Kjær Inger 
Published: October 2005

Objective The first aim was to examine maxillary developmental fields by analyzing bone size parameters within the maxillary bone complex in newborns with unilateral cleft lip (UCL) and unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP). The second aim was to evaluate sella turcica morphology in unilateral cleft lip and unilateral cleft lip and palate. Subjects and Methods Axial and profile radiographs from 40 newborns (boy–girl, 1:1) in each group (20 unilateral cleft lip and 20 unilateral cleft lip and palate) were randomly selected among radiographs taken for optimizing treatment planning. Analysis of maxillary bone size was performed on axial radiographs and size parameters were measured. Furthermore, analysis of sella turcica morphology was performed on profile radiographs. The results were divided into groups with normal morphology and severe deviations in the morphology. Results The maxillary areas were significantly shorter and broader in unilateral cleft lip and palate than in unilateral cleft lip. A profound asymmetry in the maxillary areas was seen in unilateral cleft lip and palate, but not in unilateral cleft lip. In both cleft types, approximately half of the individuals had deviations in sella turcica morphology. The most severe deviations occurred in newborns with unilateral cleft lip and palate. Conclusions In newborns with unilateral cleft lip and palate, the maxillary areas are significantly shorter, broader, and more asymmetric than in newborns with unilateral cleft lip. The present study showed that bone structures are a suitable parameter for characterizing the craniofacial developmental fields. Additionally, a high incidence of deviations in sella turcica morphology might indicate that this area is affected in individuals with clefts.
Cover Picture: Bidentate Ligands by Self‐Assembly through Hydrogen Bonding: A General Room Temperature/Ambient Pressure Regioselective Hydroformylation of Terminal Alkenes (Adv. Synth. Catal. 11‐13/2005)
Authors: Seiche Wolfgang , Schuschkowski Alexander , Breit Bernhard 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThe cover picture shows a typical industrial reaction, hydroformylation of terminal alkenes, made possible in a test tube with ambient pressure and room temperature with high regioselectivities. For more details, see the Communication by Wolfgang Seiche, Alexander Schuschkowski, and Bernhard Breit on pages 1488–1494.
Chlorophenol dehalogenation in a magnetically stabilized fluidized bed reactor
Authors: Graham Lisa J. , Atwater James E. , Jovanovic Goran N. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractAromatic halocarbons are often present in contaminated aquifers, surface waters, wastewater streams, soils, and hazardous wastes. The dehalogenation of p‐chlorophenol as a model compound in both the aqueous phase and in slurries of contaminated solids using a magnetically stabilized fluidized bed (MSFB) reactor is discussed. Composite palladium‐iron (Pd/Fe) media are employed as both catalyst and sacrificial reactant for the reductive dechlorination of p‐chlorophenol. Calcium alginate beads impregnated with Pd/Fe granules are fluidized in a recirculating aqueous stream containing either dissolved p‐chlorophenol or a slurry of soil contaminated with this chlorocarbon. Magnetic stabilization of the fluidized bed allows substantially higher rates of mass transfer than would otherwise be achievable, and allows circulation of contaminated solids while fluidization media are retained. Anoxic conditions are sustained under a nitrogen purge and the solution pH of 5.8 is maintained by active control to minimize surface fouling by hydroxides, and to minimize mass‐transfer resistances resulting from the surface accumulation of hydrogen bubbles. A model of this process is described and the resulting predictions are compared to the experimentally derived data. © 2005 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2006
Dynamics of reaction separation processes in the limit of chemical equilibrium
Authors: Grüner S. , Mangold M. , Kienle A. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractA new approach for analyzing and understanding the dynamics of combined reaction separation processes with fast chemical reactions was proposed recently. The approach is based on transformed concentration variables which were first introduced by Doherty and co‐workers for the steady‐state design of reactive distillation processes. Application was demonstrated for reactive distillation processes and fixed bed, as well as moving‐bed chromatographic reactors. The focus was on simple reactions of type 2A ⇋ B + C. This approach is further extended and applied to some real—fairly complex—multireaction systems. Applications to be considered are a reactive enantiomeric separation process in a fixed‐bed chromatographic reactor, and an industrial reactive distillation column. Finally, application to membrane reactors is discussed. © 2005 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2006
Genotype–phenotype analysis of human frontoparietal polymicrogyria syndromes
Authors: Piao Xianhua , Chang Bernard S. , Bodell Adria , Woods Katelyn , BenZeev Bruria , Topcu Meral , Guerrini Renzo , Goldberg‐Stern Hadassa , Sztriha Laszlo , Dobyns William B. , Barkovich A. James , Walsh Christopher A. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractHuman cerebral cortical polymicrogyria is a heterogeneous disorder, with only one known gene (GPR56) associated with an apparently distinctive phenotype, termed bilateral frontoparietal polymicrogyria (BFPP). To define the range of abnormalities that could be caused by human GPR56 mutations and to establish diagnostic criteria for BFPP, we analyzed the GPR56 gene in a cohort of 29 patients with typical BFPP. We identified homozygous GPR56 mutations in all 29 patients with typical BFPP. The total of 11 GPR56 mutations found represented a variety of distinct founder mutations in various populations throughout the world. In addition, we analyzed five patients with BFPP who did not show GPR56 mutation and found that they define a clinically, radiographically, and genetically distinct syndrome that we termed BFPP2. Finally, we studied seven patients with a variety of other polymicrogyria syndromes including bilateral frontal polymicrogyria, bilateral perisylvian polymicrogyria, and bilateral generalized polymicrogyria. No GPR56 mutation was found in these patients. This study provides a molecular confirmation of the BFPP phenotype and provides the wherewithal for diagnostic screening. Ann Neurol 2005;58:680–687
An evidence‐based causative classification system for acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Ay Hakan , Furie Karen L. , Singhal Aneesh , Smith Wade S. , Sorensen A. Gregory , Koroshetz Walter J. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractRegular, evidence‐based assignment of patients to etiologic stroke categories is essential to enable valid comparison among studies. We designed an algorithm (SSS‐TOAST) that incorporated recent advances in stroke imaging and epidemiology to identify the most probable TOAST category in the presence of evidence for multiple mechanisms. Based on the weight of evidence, each TOAST subtype was subdivided into 3 subcategories as “evident”, “probable”, or “possible”. Classification into the subcategories was determined via predefined specific clinical and imaging criteria. These criteria included published risks of ischemic stroke from various mechanisms and published reports of the strength of associations between clinical and imaging features and particular stroke mechanisms. Two neurologists independently assessed 50 consecutively admitted patients with acute ischemic stroke through reviews of abstracted data from medical records. The number of patients classified as “undetermined‐unclassified” per the original TOAST system decreased from 38–40% to 4% using the SSS‐TOAST system. The kappa value for interexaminer reliability was 0.78 and 0.90 for the original TOAST and SSS‐TOAST respectively. The SSS‐TOAST system successfully classifies patients with acute ischemic stroke into determined etiologic categories without sacrificing reliabilty. The SSS‐TOAST is a dynamic algorithm that can accommodate modifications as new epidemiological data accumulate and diagnostic techniques advance. Ann Neurol 2005;58:688–697
Lipid peroxidation is an early event in the brain in amnestic mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Markesbery William R. , Kryscio Richard J. , Lovell Mark A. , Morrow Jason D. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractMultiple studies demonstrate that the brain in Alzheimer's disease (AD) contains extensive oxidative damage. Most of these studies used advanced‐stage AD patients raising the question of whether oxidative damage is a late effect of neurodegeneration or precedes and contributes to the pathogenesis of AD. Here we describe F2‐isoprostane (F2‐IsoP) and F4‐neuroprostane (F4‐NP) levels in longitudinally followed, well documented autopsied normal control subjects and patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and late‐stage AD. Gas chromatography/negative ion chemical ionization/mass spectrometry was used to determine F2‐IsoP and F4‐NP levels. Significant increases in F2‐IsoP levels were found in frontal, parietal and occipital lobes in MCI and late AD compared to controls but no significant differences were present between MCI and late AD. A significant increase in F4‐NPs was present in parietal and occipital lobes in MCI compared to controls and a significant increase was present in these regions and hippocampus in late AD compared to controls. The only difference betwen MCI and late AD was significantly increased F4‐NP in hippocampus in late AD. Our data indicate that lipid peroxidation is present in the brain of MCI patients and suggest that oxidative damage may play a role in the pathogenesis of AD. Ann Neurol 2005;58:730–735
Heterozygous R1101K mutation of the DCTN1 gene in a family with ALS and FTD
Authors: Münch Christoph , Rosenbohm Angela , Sperfeld Anne‐Dorte , Uttner Ingo , Reske Sven , Krause Bernd J. , Sedlmeier Reinhard , Meyer Thomas , Hanemann Clemens O. , Stumm Gabriele , Ludolph Albert C. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractA heterozygous R1101K mutation of the p150 subunit of dynactin (DCTN1) is reported in a family with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and co‐occurrence of frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Two members of our kindred were affected with motor neuron disease and two with dementia in an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance. We excluded the involvement of the ALS and FTD‐linked genes for copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD1) and tau. The R1101K sequence alteration of the DCTN1 gene may predispose subjects to ALS and FTD. Ann Neurol 2005;58:777–780
Neuropathology of dementia in Parkinson's disease: A prospective, community‐based study
Authors: Aarsland Dag , Perry Robert , Brown Andrew , Larsen Jan P. , Ballard Clive 
Published: October 2005

AbstractTwenty‐two patients with Parkinson's disease drawn from a community‐based study were followed prospectively until their deaths. Even though 18 patients had dementia, none fulfilled Braak and Braak or The National Institute on Aging and Ronald and Nancy Reagan Institute of the Alzheimer's Association, whereas all patients had limbic or neocortical Lewy body disease. The Lewy body score and Braak and Braak stage were significantly associated with the rate of cognitive decline, but only the Lewy body score was associated with the rate of cognitive decline in the univariate analyses. This study strongly suggests that Lewy body disease is the main substrate driving the progression of cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease. Ann Neurol 2005;58:773–776
G2019S LRRK2 mutation in French and North African families with Parkinson's disease
Authors: Lesage Suzanne , Ibanez Pablo , Lohmann Ebba , Pollak Pierre , Tison François , Tazir Myriem , Leutenegger Anne‐Louise , Guimaraes Joao , Bonnet Anne‐Marie , Agid Yves , Dürr Alexandra , Brice Alexis 
Published: October 2005

AbstractMutations in LRRK2 were recently identified in autosomal dominant Parkinson's disease (PD), including the G2019S mutation. To evaluate its frequency, we analyzed 198 probands with autosomal dominant PD, mostly from France and North Africa. Surprisingly, the frequency in North African families (7/17, 41%) was greater than those from Europe (5/174, 2.9%). The clinical features in 21 patients, including 1 with a homozygous mutation, were those of typical PD, with lower Mini‐Mental State Examination scores. There were also 15 unaffected mutation carriers, aged 32 to 74 years. LRRK2 mutations appear to be a common cause of autosomal dominant PD, particularly in North Africa. Ann Neurol 2005;58:784–787