bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improvement in galling performance through surface engineering
Authors: Podgornik B. , Vižintin J. , Hogmark S. 
Published: September 2006

The aim of the present work was to investigate and compare different surface engineering techniques in terms of galling properties of forming tool steel when sliding against different work materials. The surface engineering techniques included were different grades of polishing, plasma nitriding and different hard coatings, all applied to cold work tool steel respectively. Investigation results indicate that the galling tendency can be greatly reduced by proper polishing of the tool surface. If polished after treatment, plasma nitrided surface will provide further improvement in friction and wear properties of the tool steel and especially for aluminium and titanium alloys reduce the galling tendency. On the other hand, coating selection for improved galling performance of coated forming tool steel greatly depends on the type of work material. In the case of stainless steel, carbon based coatings provide the best protection against the work material transfer, while forming of aluminium and titanium based alloys, requires nitride type coatings.
Study on the use of a non-circular gear train for the generation of Figure-8 patterns
Authors: Liu J-Y , Chang S-L , Mundo D 
Published: September 2006

Most popular polishing mechanisms for optical fibre end-face polishing machines are divided into three categories: planetary gear trains, linkages, and programmable logic controllers. To prevent the finished product from being scratched, it is expected that the grinding pattern prevents the lapping surface from repeatedly cutting the optical fibre end face in the same direction during the grinding process. For this reason, a polishing machine, whose grinding pad moves according to a Figure-8 path, is proposed in the present work. A pair of elliptical gears is designed to substitute the anti-parallel four-bar linkage and to drive one point of the coupler link along a Figure-8 pattern. However, owing the kinematic characteristics of elliptical gears, the velocity of the coupler point is highly variable during its motion, which is disadvantageous to the quality of grinding. Thus, in this study, a pair of non-circular gears is proposed as driving mechanism. By providing the driving elliptical gear with a suitable law of motion, it is possible to enable the velocity of the coupler point to be constant. A kinematic simulation has been performed to prove that the use of non-circular gears is effective in improving the motion characteristics of the Figure-8 path of motion, which is generated by elliptical gears.
First Comparative Study of the Oxidation Properties of Dioxovanadium(V) Complex with Tris(2-pyridylmethyl)amine and Its Oxo-peroxo Analogue
Authors: Tajika Yasunobu , Tsuge Kiyoshi , Sasaki Yoichi 
Published: September 2006

Abstract
The oxidation reactions of α-terpinene and 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol by vanadium(V) complexes were thoroughly examined using 1H NMR. The dioxovanadium(V) complex was more reactive than the corresponding oxo-peroxo vanadium(V) complex for the oxidation reaction of α-terpinene and 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol.
Modelling of Floating-Slab Track with Discontinuous Slab
Authors: Hussein M.F.M. , Hunt H.E.M. 
Published: September 2006

A floating-slab track with discontinuous slab provides a spatially-varying stiffness under a constant moving load. When a train moves on such a track, even with the absence of rail roughness, a parametric excitation develops as wheels move up and down applying dynamic forces at the wheel-rail interface. The dynamic force is magnified if one of its principal frequencies matches with any of the train or the track resonance frequencies. In this paper, a new method based on a Fourier series representation is developed to couple a moving train to a track with discontinuous slab. A two-degree-of-freedom system is used to model a quarter of a train with four axles and two bogies moving on a track with constant velocity. The purpose of this work is to investigate the dynamic effect of slab discontinuity on trains running in underground railway tunnels, where the velocity is less than 100km/hr. For typical parameters of a train and a track, it is found that the force at the wheel-rail interface is only increased by 1% of its static value due to slab discontinuity. However, the dynamic effect may be more important in circumstances where high-speed or heavy-axled trains are used in underground tunnels.
False confessions and the relationship with offending behaviour and personality among Danish adolescents
Authors: Steingrimsdottir Gunnthora , Hreinsdottir Hrafnhildur , Gudjonsson Gisli H. , Sigurdsson Jon Fridrik , Nielsen Thomas 
Published: September 2006

Purpose. The main aim of the study was to examine false confessions to police, parents and teachers and their relationship to personality and self‐reported offending.Method. The participants were 715 students in further education in Denmark. Each was asked about false admissions made to teachers and parents in the past, as well as about confessions or denials (true and false) made to the police during questioning. The participants completed questionnaires relating to offending and personality.Results. Seventy‐three (10%) of the participants said they had been interrogated by the police, of whom thirty‐seven (51%) said they had committed the offence. Five (7%) said they had given a false confession to police, whereas one hundred and seven (15%) of the total sample said they had given a false confession to parents or teachers. False confessions to teachers and parents were best predicted by the rate of self‐reported offending and high compliance. The single most commonly reported reason for making a false confession was to protect a friend.Conclusions. The findings in the present study corroborate many of those found in similar Icelandic studies, although there were some differences, including fewer people being interrogated in Denmark and a higher base‐rate of innocence of those interrogated. The study indicates that false confessions to police do happen on occasions which needs to be recognized by the authorities.
Crack Initiation Determination for Three-Point-Bend Specimens
Authors: Džugan J , Viehrig H-W 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe paper deals with the determination of crack initiation for three-point-bend specimens during fracture toughness testing of materials in the upper transition and upper shelf region. In the presented study various published methods such as the Double Clip Gage Method, the Strain Near to Crack Tip Measurement method, the Double Displacement Method, the Compliance Changing Rate Method, and the Stretch Width Zone measurement were applied together with the methods using the crack extension versus crack mouth opening displacement and force versus displacement for the crack initiation determination. Blunting line based evaluation were also performed and all results were compared. The investigation was carried out on five different steels.
Shorter Time to Diagnosis and Improved Stage at Presentation in Swiss Patients With Retinoblastoma Treated From 1963 to 2004
Authors: Wallach Marjorie , Balmer Aubin , Munier Francis , Houghton Susan , Pampallona Sandro , von der Weid Nicolas , Beck-Popovic Maja ,   on behalf of the Swiss Pediatric Oncology Group and the Swiss Childhood Cancer Registry
Published: September 2006

OBJECTIVES. Retinoblastoma is the most frequent intraocular malignancy in children. Early diagnosis is essential for globe salvage and patient survival. The aim of our study was to determine how time to diagnosis of retinoblastoma has evolved over a 40-year period in Switzerland.
METHOD AND PATIENTS. A retrospective study of 139 Swiss patients with retinoblastoma was performed comparing 3 periods: (1) 1963–1983; (2) 1984–1993; and (3) 1994–2004. Factors taken into account were gender, laterality of retinoblastoma, age at first symptoms, type and first observer of symptoms, time to diagnosis, age at diagnosis, disease stage, and family history.
RESULTS. Thirty-seven patients (26.6%) were treated in period 1, 44 (31.7%) in period 2, and 58 (41.7%) in period 3. Overall, the diagnostic interval decreased in a significant way from 6.97 months in period 1 to 3.58 in period 2 and to 2.25 in period 3. When looking separately at unilateral and bilateral disease, the decrease of the diagnostic interval remained statistically significant in unilateral retinoblastoma; there was also a significant reduction in the number of patients with advanced group E disease (Murphree classification) (61.5% in period 1, 46.7% in period 2, 22.2% in period 3). In bilateral disease, the same observations were made to a lesser extent. However, there were no cases with group E disease in 10 patients with positive family history. Leukocoria (48.2%) and strabismus (20.1%) were the 2 most frequent symptoms throughout the 3 periods. The only factors that statistically influenced the chances of having a diagnosis of group E disease were the diagnostic interval and period of diagnosis.
CONCLUSIONS. Progress has been made in the diagnosis of retinoblastoma in Switzerland, notably in unilateral disease. Improvement to a lesser extent has also been observed in bilateral cases but without statistical significance. Greater effort is needed to teach physicians-in-training to recognize the importance of ocular symptoms and refer patients earlier.
Oligonucleotides bearing pentaerythritol-derived mass tags
Authors: Kiviniemi Anu , Heinonen Petri , Lönnberg Harri 
Published: September 2006

AbstractFive different di-O-alkylated pentaerythritol phosphoramidite building blocks (2a–e) were synthesized and introduced into oligonucleotides to obtain mass-tagged probes (6a–f) useful in RNA transcription profiling. These non-nucleosidic mass tags allow categorization of oligonucleotide probes having identical nucleoside content and, hence, identification of the probe hybridized to RNA by mass spectrometry analysis. Hybridization properties of the oligonucleotide conjugates were elucidated by melting temperature measurements.
Biomarkers in breast cancer
Authors: Laguens Graciela , Coronato Silvia , Girolamo Wanda 
Published: September 2006

Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers among women in the western world. Due to the aggressive behaviour of some specific types and the possibility of an early diagnosis, breast cancer has been constantly studied. Tumour size, histological type, cellular and nuclear characteristics, mitotic index, vascular invasion, hormonal receptors and axillary lymph node status are biomarkers routinely used. However, these parameters are not enough to predict the course of this disease. Molecular biology advances have made it possible to find new markers, which have already been incorporated to the clinical practice. Their ultimate goal is to reduce mortality by identifying women at risk for the development of this disease, help diagnosis, determine prognosis, detect recurrences, monitor and guide treatment, and in particular cancers they are suited for general screening. Tumour markers in breast cancer were ranked in categories reflecting their clinical utility, according to the American College of Pathologists.
This article focuses on traditional and new molecular markers stratifying them into categories and emphasizing their relevance in the routine evaluation of patients with breast cancer.
AtGRP7 is involved in the regulation of abscisic acid and stress responses in arabidopsis
Authors: Cao Shuqing , Jiang Li , Song Shiyong , Jing Ran , Xu Guosheng 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe Arabidopsis AtGRP7 gene, encoding a glycine-rich RNA-binding protein, has been shown to be involved in the regulation of a circadian-regulated negative feedback loop. However, little is known about the role of AtGRP7 in mediating abscisic acid (ABA) and stress responses. Here, we show that AtGRP7 plays a role in both. AtGRP7 was repressed by ABA, high salt and mannitol. Disruption of AtGRP7 by T-DNA insertion led to hypersensitive responses to ABA in both seed germination and root growth assays. The atgrp7-1 mutant was also hypersensitive to osmotic stress conditions, such as high salt and high concentrations of mannitol. In addition, the atgrp7-1 mutant plants accumulated significantly higher transcript levels of two ABA-and stress-inducible genes, RD29A and RAB18, compared with the wild-type plants. Taken together, these results suggest that AtGRP7 is involved in the regulation of ABA and stress responses.
The content of carbohydrates in larval stages of Anisakis simplex (Nematoda, Anisakidae)
Authors: Łopieńska-Biernat E. , Żółtowska K. , Rokicki J. 
Published: September 2006

Abstract
The content of carbohydrates in L3 and L4 larvae of Anisakis simplex (defined by Rokicki J.) was studied. Glycogen and trehalose were their major reserve sugars. The concentration of saccharides in L4 larvae was 2–3-times higher than in L3 larvae. The content of glycogen was 3.68 ± 1.24 mg/g tissue in L3 larvae and 11.68 ± 1.21 mg/g tissue in L4 larvae. Trehalose represented 16.17 % of soluble sugars in L3 larvae and 43.04 % in L4 larvae. The contents of maltose, higher polymers of glucose (1.5-times) and myoinositol (1.2-times) in L4 were higher than in L3 larvae. After starving the L3 larvae of the parasite for 48 h at 4°C, the contents of trehalose increased 5-fold and that of glycogen by 20 %, while at 37°C the contents of glycogen was ca. 30 % higher and that of trehalose 40 % less than in larvae freshly isolated from the host (p < 0.01). The data obtained during starving the L3 larvae of A. simplex may be a consequence the role of trehalose as protective compound at stress condition. We suggest that probably in higher temperatures it acts as first a source of energy, and it also might serve to restore the levels of glycogen.
Parasitic helminths from feral raccoons (Procyon lotor) in Japan
Authors: Matoba Y. , Yamada D. , Asano M. , Oku Y. , Kitaura K. , Yagi K. , Tenora F. , Asakawa M. 
Published: September 2006

Abstract
An epidemiological survey of 1688 free-ranging raccoons (Procyon lotor) captured on the Japanese main islands of Hokkaido, Honshu and Kyushu was undertaken to determine whether Baylisascaris procyonis, which provokes fatal neurological larva migrans was present; however, the worm was not detected in any of these individuals. A helminthological investigation was carried out on 229 of the captured racoons and the following worms obtained: Toxocara tanuki, Porrocaecum sp., Molineus legerae, Ancylostoma kushimaense, Aonchotheca putorii, Centrorhynchus sp., Centrorhynchus bazaleticus, C. elongatum, Plagiorhynchidae gen sp., Hemiechinosoma sp., Metagonimus takahashii, M. miyatai, Euparyphium sp., Plagiorchis muris, Brachylaima sp., and Taenia hydatigena. These were the first records of Porrocaecum sp., M. miyatai, Brachylaima sp. and T. hydatigena obtained from Japanese feral raccoons. Scanning electron microscopic and/or molecular analyses were performed for both T. tanuki and T. hydatigena as these helminths both have a zoonotic counterpart amongst their families.
Digenetic trematodes of marine fishes from the Arabian Gulf off the coast of Kuwait. Family Bucephalidae Poche, 1907, and the description of a new species
Authors: Nahhas F. , Sey O. , Nakahara G. 
Published: September 2006

Abstract
Six species of Bucephalidae are reported: Subfamily Bucephalinae: Bucephalus sphyraenae Yamaguti, 1952 from Sphyraena obtusata and S. chrysotaenia (Sphyraenidae) (new host records); Bucephalus margaritae Ozaki and Ishibashi, 1934 from Atropus atropos, Scomberoides commersonianus, Carangoides malabaricus (Carangidae), Gerres filamentosus (Gerreidae) (new host record) and Sphyraena jello (new host record); Rhipidocotyle pseudorhombi n. sp. from Pseudorhombus arsius is characterized by and differs from its congeners by several characteristics including an elongate body, a rhynchus with 7 thin papillae, a long tuular caecum extending posteriorly to the ovarian level, goads in the posterior half of the body, and contiguous testes not separated by uterine coils. More specifically it differs from R. heptathelata and R. septapapillata by having a long cirrus sac relative to body length, tandem and more anterior testes. Subfamily Prosorhynchinae: Prosorhynchus pacificus Manter, 1940 from Epinephelus tauvina (Serranidae) and Gnathonodon speciosus (Carangidae) (new host record); P. epinepheli Yamaguti, 1939 from Epinephelus areolatus; P. manteri Srivastava, 1938 from Trichiurus lepturus (Trichiuridae). All species, except Prosorhynchus epinepheli represent new records from the Arabian Gulf.
Nematode parasites of the characid fish Brycon hilarii from the River Juba, Mato Grosso, Brazil
Authors: Saraiva A. , Silva F. , Silva-Souza A. 
Published: September 2006

Abstract
Specimens of the characid fish Brycon hilarii collected in dry and wet seasons in the River Juba, Tangará da Serra, State of Mato Grosso, Brazil, were surveyed for nematode parasites. Contracaecum sp. Type 1 and Type 2 larvae of Moravec, Kohn et Fernandes, 1993 were detected in the mesentery and liver, and Neocucullanus neocucullanus and Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) inopinatus were observed in the intestine and pyloric caeca 75% of the nematodes were detected in the wet season. This is the first report of fish parasites from the River Juba and of the occurrence of Contracaecum larvae in B. hilarii.
Digenetic trematodes of some teleost fish off the Mudanya Coast (Sea of Marmara, Turkey)
Authors: Oguz M. , Bray R. 
Published: September 2006

Abstract
A total of 200 fishes belonging to nine species were sampled from the Sea of Marmara. Thirteen trematode species were recorded in the intestine of these hosts: Helicometra fasciata and Diphterostomum brusinae in Zosterisessor ophiocephalus; Monascus filiformis in Trachurus trachurus; Dicrogaster purpusilla, Schikhobalotrema sparisomae and Sacccocoelium obesum in Liza saliens; Macvicaria alacris, H. fasciata and Gaevskajatrema perezi in Symphodus tinca; Anisocladium fallax and A. capitellum in Uranoscopus scaber; Stephanostomum caducum in Merluccius merluccius; Bucephalus marinus, Stephanostomum gaidropsari and H. fasciata in Gaidopsarus mediterraneus; H. fasciata in Scorpaena scrofa and Gobius cobitis.
Influence of the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita r. 1 on growth of grapevine
Authors: Sasanelli N. , D’Addabbo T. , Lišková M. 
Published: September 2006

Abstract
The effect of Meloidogyne incognita race 1 at different population densities (0, 0.0625, 0.125, 0.25,... 256 eggs and juveniles/cm3 soil) on the growth of a rootstock (1103 Paulsen) and a cv. Italia of grapevine was studied in glasshouse experiment. One-year-old, self-rooted plants were transplanted into 1,200 cm3 plastic pots containing soil infested by M. incognita race 1 at different inoculum levels. Reproduction of M. incognita race 1 was significantly higher on cv. Italia than on the rootstock 1103 Paulsen. Tolerance limits (T) of 1.28 and 0.78 eggs and juveniles/cm3 soil were estimated respectively for 1103 Paulsen and Italia. Minimum relative plant growth of 0.55, 0.80 and 0.85, respectively for shoot length and node number increase and fresh top weight, were estimated for 1103 Paulsen; whereas values of 0.25, 0.50 and 0.60 were assessed for the cv. Italia. Nematode equilibrium density was 33.6 and 137.8 eggs and juveniles/cm3 soil, on 1103 Paulsen and Italia, respectively.
Nematode communities in three types of grassland in the Slovak Republic
Authors: Čerevková A. 
Published: September 2006

Abstract
Nematode communities were studied and compared in three different types of grassland throughout the Slovak Republic: new meadow (established during last 3 years), permanent meadow and permanent pasture. A total of 85 nematode species from 64 genera were found. The identified nematode species belonged mainly to the orders Tylenchida (31), Dorylaimida (22), and Rhabditida (12). The most abundant species were Helicotylenchus digonicus, Rhabditis spp., Filenchus filiformis and Enchodelus macrodorus in new meadows, H. digonicus and E. macrodorus in permanent meadows and H. digonicus and Aporcelaimellus obtusicaudatus in permanent pastures. Plant parasitic nematodes were dominant in all investigated types of grassland, followed by bacterial feeders in new meadows and omnivores in permanent meadows and pastures. Maturity index (MI) and B/F depended with the age of grassland and thus with succession from newly established meadows to permanent meadows and permanent pastures. Nematode communities were more similar in permanent meadows and pastures than in new meadows and were also influenced by geographic condition.
Tetrameres (Tetrameres) nouveli bodrogensis n. ssp. (Spirurata) and other nematodes of three species of shorebirds (Charadriiformes) in the Slovak Republic
Authors: Macko J. , Štefančíková A. , Macková A. 
Published: September 2006

Abstract
Eight taxons of nematode parasites were recovered from three species of charadriid shorebirds (Charadriiformes) from Slovakia: common ringed plover — Charadrius hiaticula (L.) (No=9), little ringed plover — Charadrius dubius Scop., 1786 (No=56) and golden plover — Pluvialis apricaria (L.)(No=14). New host record (Ch.dubius) were registered for Tetrameres (Tetrameres) nouveli (Seurat, 1914), described as so far unknown Tetrameres (T.) nouveli bodrogensis n. ssp. New data on Victorocara charadrii Belopolskaja, 1953 have been pointed out. Besides the taxons mentioned above, the following species were registered: Eucoleus contorta, Eucoleus obtusiuscula and in Slovakia so far not described Capillaria limicolae, Tetrameres (T.) sp., Capillaridae gen. sp. and Anisakidae gen. sp.
Occurrence of Xiphinema species in grapevine areas of Tyrnavos with comments on the distribution of X. italiae in Greece
Authors: Tzortzakakis E. , Pateras D. , Charoulis A. 
Published: September 2006

Abstract
A survey for presence of Xiphinema species was undertaken in the viticulture areas of Tyrnavos, Thessally, Greece. Soil samples were collected from existing vineyards and from fields where grapevines had been uprooted and were currently under fallow or a cereal crop. The species X. index, X. italiae and X. pachtaicum were present in 37% of the samples with a prevalence of the last two species in uprooted fields. The occurrence of X. italiae in association with light sandy soils is discussed and compared with similar findings from other Greek grapevine areas.
Metamaterial-based source and scattering enhancements: From microwave to optical frequencies
Authors: Ziolkowski R. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractA brief review of metamaterial applications to source and scattering problems in the microwave and optical frequency regimes is given. Issues associated with modelling these systems are discussed. Electrically small radiating and scattering systems are emphasized. Single negative, double negative, and zero-index versions of these metamaterial-based systems are introduced that provide a means to manipulate their efficiency, bandwidth, and directivity characteristics.