bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reactive Oxygen Species Mediated Sustained Activation of Protein Kinase C α and Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase for Migration of Human Hepatoma Cell Hepg2
Authors: Wu Wen-Sheng , Tsai Rong Kung , Chang Chung Hsing , Wang Sindy , Wu Jia-Ru , Chang Yu-Xun 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
The tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) can trigger growth inhibition, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)–like cell scattering, and migration of hepatoma cells HepG2 in a protein kinase C-α (PKC-α)–dependent manner. Saikosaponin a, an ingredient of antitumorigenic Chinese herb Sho-Saiko-to, inhibited cell growth but did not induce EMT-like cell scattering and cell migration of HepG2. Saikosaponin a and TPA induced transient (for 30 minutes) and sustained (until 6 hours) phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), respectively. Generation of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) was induced by TPA, but not saikosaponin a, for 3 hours. As expected, scavengers of ROS, such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, and mannitol, and the thiol-containing antioxidant N-acetylcystein dramatically suppressed the TPA-triggered cell migration but not growth inhibition of HepG2. The generation of ROS induced by TPA was PKC, but not ERK, dependent. On the other hand, scavengers of ROS and N-acetylcystein also prevented PKC activation and ERK phosphorylation induced by TPA. On the transcriptional level, TPA can induce gene expression of integrins α5, α6, and β1 and reduce gene expression of E-cahedrin in a PKC- and ROS-dependent manner. In conclusion, ROS play a central role in mediating TPA-triggered sustained PKC and ERK signaling for regulation of gene expression of integrins and E-cahedrin that are responsible for EMT and migration of HepG2. (Mol Cancer Res 2006;4(10):747–58)
Bolstering the Proliferation Security Initiative at Sea: A Comparative Analysis of Ship-boarding as a Bilateral and Multilateral Implementing Mechanism
Authors: Spadi Fabio 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe political significance of the PSI – and the implementation thereof – cannot reap its maximum potential if it is not supported by an adequate legal framework to regulate, inter alia, the interdiction of suspect vessels. The US Administration, very much the leading actor behind the Initiative, has been at the forefront of the efforts to develop an accompanying and effective international legal system, both at bilateral and multilateral levels, following the blueprint of what has already been accomplished in the area of counter-narcotics interdiction. However, the consent of the States involved remains paramount even within the context of the bilateral and multilateral agreements elaborated so far. These agreements, which are examined and compared in the article, in many ways do not attain the same sophistication as that of the counter-narcotics agreements. This is probably unavoidable, in light of the largely discretionary nature of the key concepts of the PSI, such as the definition of what are States or non-State actors of proliferation concern.
Acquired hemophilia A in the United Kingdom: a 2-year national surveillance study by the United Kingdom Haemophilia Centre Doctors' Organisation
Authors: Collins Peter W. , Hirsch Sybil , Baglin Trevor P. , Dolan Gerard , Hanley John , Makris Michael , Keeling David M. , Liesner Ri , Brown Simon A. , Hay Charles R. M. ,   UK Haemophilia Centre Doctors' Organisation
Published: October 2006

Abstract
Acquired hemophilia A is a severe bleeding disorder caused by an autoantibody to factor VIII. Previous reports have focused on referral center patients and it is unclear whether these findings are generally applicable. To improve understanding of the disease, a 2-year observational study was established to identify and characterize the presenting features and outcome of all patients with acquired hemophilia A in the United Kingdom. This allowed a consecutive cohort of patients, unbiased by referral or reporting practice, to be studied. A total of 172 patients with a median age of 78 years were identified, an incidence of 1.48/million/y. The cohort was significantly older than previously reported series, but bleeding manifestations and underlying diseases were similar. Bleeding was the cause of death in 9% of the cohort and remained a risk until the inhibitor had been eradicated. There was no difference in inhibitor eradication or mortality between patients treated with steroids alone and a combination of steroids and cytotoxic agents. Relapse of the inhibitor was observed in 20% of the patients who had attained first complete remission. The data provide the most complete description of acquired hemophilia A available and are applicable to patients presenting to all centers.
The impact of endemic and epidemic malaria on the risk of stillbirth in two areas of Tanzania with different malaria transmission patterns
Authors: Wort Ulrika Uddenfeldt , Hastings Ian , Mutabingwa TK , Brabin Bernard J 
Published: October 2006

AbstractBackgroundThe impact of malaria on the risk of stillbirth is still under debate. The aim of the present analysis was to determine comparative changes in stillbirth prevalence between two areas of Tanzania with different malaria transmission patterns in order to estimate the malaria attributable component.MethodsA retrospective analysis was completed of stillbirth differences between primigravidae and multigravidae in relation to malaria cases and transmission patterns for two different areas of Tanzania with a focus on the effects of the El Niño southern climatic oscillation (ENSO). One area, Kagera, experiences outbreaks of malaria, and the other area, Morogoro, is holoendemic. Delivery and malaria data were collected over a six year period from records of the two district hospitals in these locations.ResultsThere was a significantly higher prevalence of low birthweight in primigravidae compared to multigravidae for both data sets. Low birthweight and stillbirth prevalence (17.5% and 4.8%) were significantly higher in Kilosa compared to Ndolage (11.9% and 2.4%). There was a significant difference in stillbirth prevalence between Ndolage and Kilosa between malaria seasons (2.4% and 5.6% respectively, p < 0.001) and during malaria seasons (1.9% and 5.9% respectively, p < 0.001). During ENSO there was no difference (4.1% and 4.9%, respectively). There was a significant difference in low birthweight prevalence between Ndolage and Kilosa between malaria seasons (14.4% and 23.0% respectively, p < 0.001) and in relation to malaria seasons (13.9% and 25.2% respectively, p < 0.001). During ENSO there was no difference (22.2% and 19.8%, respectively). Increased low birthweight risk occurred approximately five months following peak malaria prevalence, but stillbirth risk increased at the time of malaria peaks.ConclusionMalaria exposure during pregnancy has a delayed effect on birthweight outcomes, but a more acute effect on stillbirth risk.
Bolus characteristics based on Magnetic Resonance Angiography
Authors: Cai Zhijun , Stolpen Alan , Sharafuddin Melhem J , McCabe Robert , Bai Henri , Potts Tom , Vannier Michael , Li Debiao , Bi Xiaoming , Bennett James , Golzarian Jafar , Sun Shiliang , Wang Ge , Bai Er-Wei 
Published: October 2006

Abstract

Background
A detailed contrast bolus propagation model is essential for optimizing bolus-chasing Computed Tomography Angiography (CTA). Bolus characteristics were studied using bolus-timing datasets from Magnetic Resonance Angiography (MRA) for adaptive controller design and validation.

Methods
MRA bolus-timing datasets of the aorta in thirty patients were analyzed by a program developed with MATLAB. Bolus characteristics, such as peak position, dispersion and bolus velocity, were studied. The bolus profile was fit to a convolution function, which would serve as a mathematical model of bolus propagation in future controller design.

Results
The maximum speed of the bolus in the aorta ranged from 5–13 cm/s and the dwell time ranged from 7–13 seconds. Bolus characteristics were well described by the proposed propagation model, which included the exact functional relationships between the parameters and aortic location.

Conclusion
The convolution function describes bolus dynamics reasonably well and could be used to implement the adaptive controller design.
Is oxygen a key factor in the lipodystrophy phenotype?
Authors: Gentil Christel , Jan Sébastien Le , Philippe Josette , Leibowitch Jacques , Sonigo Pierre , Germain Stéphane , Piétri-Rouxel France 
Published: October 2006

AbstractBackgroundThe lipodystrophic syndrome (LD) is a disorder resulting from selective damage of adipose tissue by antiretroviral drugs included in therapy controlling human-immunodeficiency-virus-1. In the therapy cocktail the nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI) contribute to the development of this syndrome. Cellular target of NRTI was identified as the mitochondrial polymerase-gamma and their toxicity described as a mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) depletion resulting in a mitochondrial cytopathy and involved in fat redistribution. No mechanisms offer explanation whatsoever for the lipo-atrophic and lipo-hypertrophic phenotype of LD. To understand the occurrence we proposed that the pO2 (oxygen partial pressure) could be a key factor in the development of the LD. For the first time, we report here differential effects of NRTIs on human adipose cells depending on pO2 conditions.Results and discussionWe showed that the hypoxia conditions could alter adipogenesis process by modifying expression of adipocyte makers as leptin and the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor PPARgamma and inhibiting triglyceride (TG) accumulation in adipocytes. Toxicity of NRTI followed on adipose cells in culture under normoxia versus hypoxia conditions showed, differential effects of drugs on mtDNA of these cells depending on pO2 conditions. Moreover, NRTI-treated adipocytes were refractory to the inhibition of adipogenesis under hypoxia. Finally, our hypothesis that variations of pO2 could exist between adipose tissue from anatomical origins was supported by staining of the hypoxic-induced angiopoietin ANGPTL4 depended on the location of fat.ConclusionToxicity of NRTIs have been shown to be opposite on human adipose cells depending on the oxygen availability. These data suggest that the LD phenotype may be a differential consequence of NRTI effects, depending on the metabolic status of the targeted adipose tissues and provide new insights into the opposite effects of antiretroviral treatment, as observed for the lipo-atrophic and lipo-hypertrophic phenotype characteristic of LD.
Postauricular congenital alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma- a case report of an unusual entity
Authors: Vankalakunti Mahesha , Das Ashim , Rao Narasimhan KL 
Published: October 2006

Abstract

Background
Congenital alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma is an extremely uncommon and invariably fatal tumor with the current therapy. Less than 25% of patients present with evidence of cutaneous metastasis.

Case presentation
We report a case of congenital alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma in an 18-month-old male who presented with a progressively increasing mass lesion in the left post-auricular region since birth. Radiological examination did not show any intracranial involvement of the mass lesion. Upon resecting the mass that was 10-cm in largest dimension, the gross, microscopic, and ultrastructural findings were consistent with congenital alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma.

Conclusion
The suspicion of alveolar subtype on histological grounds and proper evaluation of this tumor by immunostain and ultrastuctural examination is necessary. In the Medline literature search, there is no report of large congenital alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma in the post-auricle region.
Paradoxical expression of INK4c in proliferative multiple myeloma tumors: bi-allelic deletion vs increased expression
Authors: Dib Amel , Peterson Timothy R , Raducha-Grace Laura , Zingone Adriana , Zhan Fenghuang , Hanamura Ichiro , Barlogie Bart , Shaughnessy John , Kuehl W Michael 
Published: October 2006

Abstract

Background
A high proliferative capacity of tumor cells usually is associated with shortened patient survival. Disruption of the RB pathway, which is critically involved in regulating the G1 to S cell cycle transition, is a frequent target of oncogenic events that are thought to contribute to increased proliferation during tumor progression. Previously, we determined that p18INK4c, an essential gene for normal plasma cell differentiation, was bi-allelically deleted in five of sixteen multiple myeloma (MM) cell lines. The present study was undertaken to investigate a possible role of p18INK4c in increased proliferation of myeloma tumors as they progress.

Results
Thirteen of 40 (33%) human myeloma cell lines do not express normal p18INK4c, with bi-allelic deletion of p18 in twelve, and expression of a mutated p18 fragment in one. Bi-allelic deletion of p18, which appears to be a late progression event, has a prevalence of about 2% in 261 multiple myeloma (MM) tumors, but the prevalence is 6 to10% in the 50 tumors with a high expression-based proliferation index. Paradoxically, 24 of 40 (60%) MM cell lines, and 30 of 50 (60%) MM tumors with a high proliferation index express an increased level of p18 RNA compared to normal bone marrow plasma cells, whereas this occurs in only five of the 151 (3%) MM tumors with a low proliferation index. Tumor progression is often accompanied by increased p18 expression and an increased proliferation index. Retroviral-mediated expression of exogenous p18 results in marked growth inhibition in three MM cell lines that express little or no endogenous p18, but has no effect in another MM cell line that already expresses a high level of p18.

Conclusion
Paradoxically, although loss of p18 appears to contribute to increased proliferation of nearly 10% of MM tumors, most MM cell lines and proliferative MM tumors have increased expression of p18. Apart from a small fraction of cell lines and tumors that have inactivated the RB1 protein, it is not yet clear how other MM cell lines and tumors have become insensitive to the anti-proliferative effects of increased p18 expression.
cDNA microarray analysis reveals fundamental differences in the expression profiles of primary human monocytes, monocyte-derived macrophages, and alveolar macrophages
Authors: Li Jiangning , Pritchard David K , Wang Xi , Park David R , Bumgarner Roger E , Schwartz Stephen M , Liles W Conrad 
Published: October 2006

AbstractWe report the systematic use of large-scale cDNA microarrays to study the gene expression profiles of primary human peripheral blood monocytes (MONO) in comparison with in vitro-differentiated, M-CSF-induced MONO-derived macrophages (MAC) and primary human alveolar MAC (AM), obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage from the lungs of normal volunteers. These studies revealed large-scale differences in the gene expression profile between both MAC types (MAC and AM) and MONO. In addition, large differences were observed in the gene expression profiles of the two MAC types. Specifically, 21% of genes on the array (2904 out of 13,582) were differentially expressed between AM and MONO, and 2229 out of 13,583 probes were differentially expressed between MAC and AM. Our expression data show remarkable differences in gene expression between different MAC subpopulations and emphasize the heterogeneity of different MAC populations. This study underscores the need to scrutinize models of MAC biology for relevance to specific disease processes.
Malignant Ovarian Germ Cell Tumors: Identification of Novel Prognostic Markers and Long-Term Outcome After Multimodality Treatment
Authors: Murugaesu Nirupa , Schmid Peter , Dancey Gairin , Agarwal Roshan , Holden Lydia , McNeish Iain , Savage Philip M. , Newlands Edward S. , Rustin Gordon J.S. , Seckl Michael J. 
Published: October 2006

Purpose Malignant ovarian germ cell tumors are rare and knowledge about prognostic parameters currently is limited. This study was undertaken to evaluate long-term outcome of patients with malignant ovarian germ cell tumors (MOGCTs) after chemotherapy and to assess prognostic parameters. Patients and Methods A total of 113 patients with stage IC to IV MOGCTs were included into this retrospective study. Patients were treated at two large regional cancer centers between 1977 and 2003. Results Ten-year recurrence-free and overall survival rates were 82% and 81%, respectively. A total of 20 patients experienced relapse, all within the first 8 years. Outcome after relapse was poor, with only 10% of patients achieving long-term survival. Univariate and multivariate analyses demonstrated that initial stage of disease (relative risk [RR], 5.96; 95% CI, 3.47 to 10.22; P = .03) and elevation of serum markers β-human chorionic gonadotropin and alpha-fetoprotein (RR, 3.90; 95% CI, 1.40 to 10.9; P = .009) were significant predictors of overall survival, whereas age at diagnosis was of no prognostic value. Conclusion This is the first study to identify stage and tumor markers as prognostic parameters for patients with MOGCTs. This might help to select patients for risk-adapted treatment. There is need for improvement of therapeutic strategies after relapse.
Unsuspected Pulmonary Emboli in Cancer Patients: Clinical Correlates and Relevance
Authors: O'Connell Casey L. , Boswell William D. , Duddalwar Vinay , Caton Amy , Mark Lisa S. , Vigen Cheryl , Liebman Howard A. 
Published: October 2006

Purpose Advances in computed tomography (CT) scanning have led to the detection of unsuspected pulmonary emboli (PE) on routine cancer staging scans. We hypothesized that these patients had signs or symptoms suggestive of PE that may have been overlooked by their health care providers. Patients and Methods A retrospective chart review was performed on 59 patients found on routine cancer staging CT scans to have unsuspected PE. Information on patient demographics, malignancy characteristics, risk factors for venous thromboembolism (VTE), and symptoms was recorded. A retrospective case-control analysis was then performed using two age- and stage-matched control patients for each patient who had similar staging CT scans performed during the same period. Results Fifty-two patients with unsuspected PE were identified. Forty-four percent had signs or symptoms commonly associated with PE; when fatigue was included, 75% were symptomatic. Ninety-two control patients were identified for 46 of the case patients. Patients with unsuspected PE were significantly more likely to have had a prior history of VTE (20% v 3%; P = .007). The patients with PE were significantly more likely than control patients to complain of fatigue (54% v 20%; P = .0002) and shortness of breath (22% v 8%; P = .02). There was no difference between the groups in administration of chemotherapy within 30 days, central venous catheter use, or erythropoietin therapy. Conclusion Seventy-five percent of patients found to have unsuspected PE on cancer staging CT scans were symptomatic. Fatigue and shortness of breath were significantly more common in patients with unsuspected PE than in control patients.
Quality Measures for Symptoms and Advance Care Planning in Cancer: A Systematic Review
Authors: Lorenz Karl A. , Lynn Joanne , Dy Sydney , Wilkinson Anne , Mularski Richard A. , Shugarman Lisa R. , Hughes Rhonda , Asch Steven M. , Rolon Cony , Rastegar Afshin , Shekelle Paul G. 
Published: October 2006

Purpose Measuring quality of care for symptom management and ascertaining patient goals offers an important step toward improving palliative cancer management. This study was designed to identify systematically the quality measures and the evidence to support their use in pain, dyspnea, depression, and advance care planning (ACP), and to identify research gaps. Methods English-language documents were selected from MEDLINE, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health, PsycINFO (1995 to 2005); Internet-based searches; and contact with measure developers. We used terms for each domain to select studies throughout the cancer care continuum. We included measures that expressed a normative relationship to quality, specified the target population, and specified the indicated care. Dual data review and abstraction was performed by palliative care researchers describing populations, testing, and attributes for each measure. Results A total of 4,599 of 5,182 titles were excluded at abstract review. Of 537 remaining articles, 19 contained measures for ACP, six contained measures for depression, five contained measures for dyspnea, and 20 contained measures for pain. We identified 10 relevant measure sets that included 36 fully specified or fielded measures and 14 additional measures (16 for pain, five for dyspnea, four for depression, and 25 for ACP). Most measures were unpublished, and few had been tested in a cancer population. We were unable to describe the specifications of all measures fully and did not search for measures for pain and depression that were not cancer specific. Conclusion Measures are available for assessing quality and guiding improvement in palliative cancer care. Existing measures are weighted toward ACP, and more nonpain symptom measures are needed. Additional testing is needed before the measures are used for accountability, and basic research is required to address measurement when self-report is impaired.
Randomized Phase II Trial of Docetaxel/Irinotecan and Gemcitabine/Irinotecan With or Without Celecoxib in the Second-Line Treatment of Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Lilenbaum Rogerio , Socinski Mark A. , Altorki Nasser K. , Hart Lowell L. , Keresztes Roger S. , Hariharan Subramanian , Morrison Mark E. , Fayyad Rana , Bonomi Phillip 
Published: October 2006

PurposeTrials combining irinotecan/docetaxel and irinotecan/gemcitabine in second-line treatment of non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have yielded promising results. Preliminary data suggested that the selective cyclooxygenase -2 inhibitor celecoxib (CBX) might enhance efficacy of chemotherapeutic regimens. This multicenter, phase II, randomized trial investigated efficacy and safety of irinotecan and docetaxel and irinotecan and gemcitabine, with or without CBX, in second-line treatment of NSCLC.Patients and MethodsPatients 18 years or older were randomly assigned to receive irinotecan 60 mg/m2and docetaxel 35 mg/m2, or irinotecan 100 mg/m2and gemcitabine 1,000 mg/m2, with or without CBX 400 mg twice daily, for four cycles. Primary efficacy end points were median and 1-year survival probabilities. Patient-reported symptoms were assessed by the Lung Cancer Symptoms Scale (LCSS).ResultsA total of 133 patients were assessable for efficacy and safety. Median survival time was 6.31 months for patients treated with CBX and 8.99 months for those treated with chemotherapy alone. One-year survival rates were 24% and 36% respectively. The overall toxicity rates and LCSS scores were similar between patients treated or not treated with CBX. Four deaths were considered possibly treatment related.ConclusionSurvival results for the second-line regimens in this study were similar to results reported for single-agent therapy in this setting. CBX did not appear to enhance efficacy or improve patient-reported symptoms. The addition of high-dose CBX to second-line chemotherapy in NSCLC cannot be recommended.