bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Emulsifier Type and Droplet Size on Phase Transitions in Emulsified Even‐Numbered n‐Alkanes
Authors: Gülseren İbrahim , Coupland John N. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractPhase transitions in emulsified even‐numbered n‐alkanes (C16, C18, and C20) are studied as a function of droplet size (0.15–3.45 μm) and surfactant type (polyoxyethylene sorbitan monolaurate or caseinate) using microcalorimetry (DSC) and ultrasonic attenuation measurements (2.25 MHz). Two DSC exothermic peaks were observed during the heating of C18 and C20 emulsions stabilized by Tween 20: a minor peak around 15 and 25 °C, respectively, and a major double peak about 10 °C higher. We tentatively attribute the minor peak to crystal‐rotator phase transition, and the split major peak to melting of the surface and core of the droplets. The C16 emulsions showed similar behavior for the major melting peak (15 °C), but the minor peak was absent‐possibly as the sample was not cooled enough to cause the rotator phase to enter the low temperature crystalline state. For similar sodium caseinate stabilized emulsions of C18 and C20, the minor peak was much less pronounced (~25%), which we attribute to the lack of compatibility between the alkane and protein molecules. There were two ultrasonic attenuation peaks for the melting of C18 and C20 and one for C16 corresponding to the DSC peaks. In all cases, the magnitude of the attenuation decreased with increasing particle size. Using an extended scattering theory approach we were able to relate the changes in ultrasonic attenuation to the changes in the effective physical properties of the alkane molecules during melting.
The progressive longitudinal traction reduction of unstable slipped capital femoral epiphysis: Preliminary results in 11 patients
Authors: Thomsen Laurent , Vialle Raphaël , Maillet Marie , Mary Pierre , Damsin Jean-Paul , Filipe Georges 
Published: June 2007

Purpose Unstable slipped capital femoral epiphysis is rare, but is frequently associated with avascular necrosis. The rapid and complete reduction of the epiphysis displacement was shown to be responsible for this complication. We present the preliminary results of a progressive reduction technique of epiphysis displacement. Methods A total of 11 patients treated using progressive traction and internal fixation were reviewed retrospectively. Only children who underwent clinical and radiological follow-up for at least 18 months were included in this study to detect avascular necrosis. Results The mean posterior displacement of the femoral head was 67° and mean traction duration was 13 days. Of the patients, 2 had cutaneous problems requiring traction interruption, one on day 5 and the other on day 9. The mean residual slip was 16° and 3 patients had complete or partial avascular necrosis well tolerated at the final follow-up. Conclusion Our experience showed that if traction is supported for more than 2 weeks, a good correction of the epiphysis displacement can be obtained. Our short series does not allow affirmation of the superiority of our therapeutic strategy, especially with regards to avascular necrosis of the femoral head.
Evidence for a synergistic action of glutaric and 3‐hydroxyglutaric acids disturbing rat brain energy metabolism
Authors: Ferreira Gustavo C. , Tonin Anelise , Schuck Patrícia F. , Viegas Carolina M. , Ceolato Paula C. , Latini Alexandra , Perry Marcos L.S. , Wyse Angela T.S. , Dutra‐Filho Carlos S. , Wannmacher Clóvis M.D. , Vargas Carmen R. , Wajner Moacir 
Published: June 2007

AbstractGlutaric acidemia type I is an inherited metabolic disorder caused by a severe deficiency of the mitochondrial glutaryl‐CoA dehydrogenase activity leading to accumulation of predominantly glutaric and 3‐hydroxyglutaric acids in the brain tissue of the affected patients. Considering that a toxic role was recently postulated for quinolinic acid in the neuropathology of glutaric acidemia type I, in the present work we investigated whether the combination of quinolinic acid with glutaric or 3‐hydroxyglutaric acids or the mixture of glutaric plus 3‐hydroxyglutaric acids could alter brain energy metabolism. The parameters evaluated in cerebral cortex from young rats were glucose utilization, lactate formation and 14CO2 production from labeled glucose and acetate, as well as the activities of pyruvate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase. We first observed that glutaric (5 mM), 3‐hydroxyglutaric (1 mM) and quinolinic acids (0.1 μM) per se did not alter these parameters. Similarly, no change of these parameters occurred when combining glutaric with quinolinic acids or 3‐hydroxyglutaric with quinolinic acids. In contrast, co‐incubation of glutaric plus 3‐hydroxyglutaric acids increased glucose utilization, decreased 14CO2 generation from glucose, inhibited pyruvate dehydrogenase activity as well as total and mitochondrial creatine kinase activities. The glutaric plus 3‐hydroxyglutaric acids‐induced inhibitory effects on creatine kinase were prevented by the antioxidants glutathione and catalase plus superoxide dismutase, indicating the participation of reactive oxygen species. Our data indicate a synergic action of glutaric and 3‐hydroxyglutaric acids disturbing energy metabolism in cerebral cortex of young rats.
Screening for cervical cancer in an African setting
Authors: Cronjé H.S. , Beyer E. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractObjective: To estimate the proportion of women who were screened for cervical neoplasia with Papanicolaou (Pap) smears in 2002 in the Free State province of South Africa, and determine whether progress had been made since 1985. Methods: A cross‐sectional survey was done using 1887 smears, which represented 5% of the 37,749 smears examined at the 7 laboratories serving the province in 2002. Results: Extrapolating the results to the census data for 2002, Pap smears were taken in 4.1% of the female population aged 15 to 65 years during that year. The rates were 18.8% for white women, most of whom use private medical services, and 2.6% for black women, almost all of whom use public medical services. In 1985, in a similar study found that 7.1% of the female population was screened with Pap smears, which means that cervical screening decreased by 42% over the 17 years (P ≤ 0.0001; 95% confidence interval, − 3.1% to − 2.9%). Conclusion: In view of the deterioration of cervical screening services documented in this study, it seems unlikely that Pap smear screening will succeed in Africa.
Fate of mucosal healing in transplanted deep frozen irradiated tracheal homograft
Authors: Kunachak Somyos , Vajaradul Yongyudh , Rerkamnuaychok Budsaba , Praneetvatakul Veerapol , Rochanawutanon Mana 
Published: June 2007

ObjectiveDeep‐frozen irradiated tracheal homograft has been successfully employed for subglottic‐tracheal reconstruction, as in our previous report. Morphologically, though the transplanted site appeared to have good mucosal healing, the fate of the donor mucosa is not known. The objective of this study was to determine the survival of the mucosa of donor trachea.Study Design and SettingUniversity hospital‐based, prospective study.MethodsThirty samples from six sets of specimens, each set consisting of five samples of the tracheal mucosa, were studied. Of five samples in each set, 2 were taken from donors, one from a recipient, and another two from the transplanted sites, eight months postoperatively. The samples in each set of specimens were genetically matched by the process of DNA fingerprinting. Histological studies were done on the mucosa of donor and transplanted sites.ResultsThe study demonstrated incompatibility between samples from recipient and transplanted site, and incompatibility between preoperative donor and recipient samples in all sets of specimens.ConclusionThe mucosa of donor trachea did not survive at the transplanted site. The apparently normal postoperative mucosal lining actually represents migration of the recipient mucosa.SignificanceThe fate of transplanted donor tracheal mucosa is elucidated, and may substantially explain the mechanism of rejection resistance.© 2007 American Academy of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery Foundation. All rights reserved.
Antiviral agents for the treatment of recurrent respiratory papillomatosis: A systematic review of the English‐language literature
Authors: Chadha Neil K. , James Adrian L. 
Published: June 2007

ObjectiveTo determine the efficacy of antiviral agents for recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) in children and adults.Study DesignSystematic review to include randomized controlled trials (RCTs), comparative studies (historical and/or nonrandomized), case series, and case reports.ResultsTwenty‐six original studies were included (one case‐control series, 21 noncomparative trials, four case reports, and no RCTs). Meta‐analysis was not possible. The antiviral modalities included acyclovir, ribavirin, intravenous cidofovir, and intralesional cidofovir injections. The strongest evidence was for intralesional cidofovir, with 17 studies including 158 patients. Of these, 90 patients (57%) demonstrated complete resolution, 55 patients (35%) a partial response, and 13 patients (8%) showed no improvement.ConclusionsInsufficient evidence from controlled trials exists for reliable conclusions, but several series indicate intralesional cidofovir may have some efficacy. A well‐designed placebo‐controlled, double‐blinded, randomized controlled trial is needed.SignificanceThis study provides the background for future study design and a comprehensive review of the available evidence.© 2007 American Academy of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery Foundation. All rights reserved.
Comparing pure‐tone audiometry and auditory steady state response for the measurement of hearing loss
Authors: Ahn Joong Ho , Lee Hyo‐Sook , Kim Young‐Jin , Yoon Tae Hyun , Chung Jong Woo 
Published: June 2007

ObjectiveTo compare pure‐tone audiometry and auditory steady state response (ASSR) to measure hearing loss based on the severity of hearing loss in frequencies.Study Design and SettingA total of 105 subjects (168 ears, 64 male and 41 female) were enrolled in this study. We determined hearing level by measurement of pure‐tone audiometry and ASSR on the same day for each subject.ResultsPure‐tone audiometry and ASSR were highly correlated (r = 0.96). The relationship is described by the equation PTA = 1.05 × mean ASSR − 7.6. When analyzed according to the frequencies, the correlation coefficients were 0.94, 0.95, 0.94, and 0.92 for 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 kHz, respectively.ConclusionFrom this study, authors could conclude that pure‐tone audiometry and ASSR showed very similar results and indicated that ASSR may be a good alternative method for the measurement of hearing level in infants and children, for whom pure‐tone audiometry is not appropriate.© 2007 American Academy of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery Foundation. All rights reserved.
Is the type of dissection in lateral neck metastasis for differentiated thyroid carcinoma important?
Authors: Turanli Sevim 
Published: June 2007

ObjectiveThis study was to compare the types of therapeutic neck dissection in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma.Study Design and SettingSixty‐one patients with lymph node metastasis in the neck, treated between 1997 and 2001, were studied retrospectively. A comparative study was made of a selective lateral neck dissection group and a radical or modified radical neck dissection group for recurrence, disease free survival (DFS), and overall survival (OS).ResultsType of dissection was not related to DFS (P = 0.92), OS (P = 0.33), and local recurrence ratio (P = 0.56). The factors affecting local recurrence were the age over 45 years (P = 0.02), tumor size (0.005), and the presence of distant metastasis (P = 0.04). The factors affecting DFS and OS were tumor size (0.003), thyroid capsule invasion (0.004).ConclusionsDetermination of the type of therapeutic neck dissection depends on patient and tumor characteristics. Selective lateral neck dissection can be applied safely in selected cases.© 2007 American Academy of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery Foundation. All rights reserved.
The effects of fine‐needle biopsy on thyroid hormone levels
Authors: Alpay H. Cengiz , Kalidag Turgut , Keles Erol , Kaygusuz Irfan , Yalcin Sinasi , Kapusuz Zeliha 
Published: June 2007

ObjectiveOur study aim was to investigate the effects of fine‐needle biopsy used for thyroid nodules on serum thyroid hormone levels.Study DesignA total of 25 patients who had solid nodules of the thyroid gland and normal thyroid hormone levels underwent diagnostic fine‐needle biopsy for a nodule of the thyroid gland.MethodsVenous blood samples were drawn from the cases for measurement of serum total T3 and T4, free T3 and T4, thyroid‐stimulating hormone, and thyroglobulin levels before, immediately after, and 30 minutes after the initial biopsy.ResultsTotal T3 and thyroglobulin levels were found to be significantly higher immediately and 30 minutes following fine‐needle aspiration biopsy, compared to the baseline levels (P < 0.05).ConclusionPrelminary data suggest that thryoid hormone levels show a mean increase of about 20% immediately after fine‐needle aspiration.SignificanceThe implication of this finding on patient care should be determined on an individual basis.© 2007 American Academy of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery Foundation. All rights reserved.
100 Consecutive collaborative percutaneous tracheostomies
Authors: Seybt Melanie W. , Blanchard Amy R. , Gourin Christine G. , Terris David J. 
Published: June 2007

ObjectivesWe previously introduced the concept of the collaborative percutaneous tracheostomy (PercTrach) performed in conjunction with pulmonary medicine/critical care (PCC), and now present a robust experience that validates our original concept of exploiting subspecialty expertise.MethodsOne hundred consecutive PercTrachs were performed. The PCC team performed bronchoscopic guidance, while the otolaryngology team performed the PercTrach using the Blue Rhino introducer set. Demographic data were gathered.ResultsOne hundred PercTrachs were performed between May 2003 and December 2005. The mean ± SD patient age was 54.3 ± 15.9 years. Procedural times ranged from 5 to 37 minutes, with a mean of 12.9 ± 5.7 minutes. Surgical complications included one patient with bleeding who required surgical intervention.Conclusions and SignificanceThere are numerous benefits to capitalizing on the respective expertise represented by otolaryngology and PCC including conservation of operating room time, rapid and safe establishment of the tracheostomy, and educational benefits for both programs.
A clinicoradiologic analysis of symptomatic craniofacial fibro‐osseous lesions
Authors: Panda Naresh K. , Parida Pradipta K. , Sharma Ramesh , Jain Ajay , Bapuraj Jayapalli Rajiv 
Published: June 2007

ObjectiveTo outline the clinical and radiologic aspects of symptomatic craniofacial fibro‐osseous lesions and to study the appropriate surgical management with follow‐up results.Study Design and SettingA retrospective review of 11 patients who underwent surgical treatment during 1985 to 2004 in a tertiary health care center.ResultsMost (72.7%) cases were of fibrous dysplasia and were under 25 years of age (72%). Maxilla was the most common bone involved (81%). Lateral rhinotomy was the main approach for surgical resection. One patient underwent bilateral optic nerve decompression (left side therapeutic and on right side prophylactic). Six (54.5%) cases had recurrences that were managed by either radical surgery (total maxillectomy) or by further shaving off the lesion.ConclusionTreatment of craniofacial fibro‐osseous lesions is highly individualized. A conservative approach may not be able to treat all cases of craniofacial fibro‐osseous lesions. A more radical approach that includes a craniofacial resection or a total maxillectomy may be warranted in few cases.
Effect of environmental change on parasites of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) as bioindicators of populations in the north-western Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Khan R.A. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractStudies conducted in the 1980s suggested that parasites were useful in distinguishing adjacent populations of Atlantic cod Gadus morhua in the north-western Atlantic. During the mid-1980s, cod populations began to decline, culminating in closure of the fishery in 1992. A marked decrease of cod off the coast of Labrador was coincident with climatic shifts, including a decline of bottom sea temperature, and virtual absence of capelin Mallotus villosus, its main food prey. These changes in some components of the ecosystem were independent of anthropogenic influences. An initial survey of cod parasites in 2000 from coastal Labrador revealed a dramatic decline in abundance of metazoans and also a change in dominance of species of digenetic trematodes compared to 1980–1981. Comparison of metazoan parasites in three other populations of cod inhabiting the Grand (northern and southern) and St. Pierre Banks, where there was no apparent evidence of environmental changes but only commercial over-exploitation, revealed no major alterations in abundance or dominance between 1980–1981 and 2003. The results of this current study suggest that environmental changes in the food web affected the abundance of metazoan parasites only off coastal Labrador but did not influence the use of the parasites to distinguish between cod populations inhabiting the Grand or St. Pierre Banks.
Parasites as biological tags for Eleginops maclovinus (Teleostei: Eleginopidae) around the Falkland Islands
Authors: Brickle Paul , MacKenzie Ken 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis is the first study of the parasite fauna of Eleginops maclovinus in the Falkland Islands. It was undertaken to catalogue the parasite fauna of E. maclovinus in order to provide a baseline for future studies and to determine whether parasites might be used as biological tags. Between 21 January and 17 March 2002 samples were taken from three stations, Teal Creek (30 fish), Port Louis (30 fish) and Camilla Creek (10 fish), all in East Falkland, and examined for protozoan and metazoan parasites. Twenty-four parasite taxa were recorded, of which three were possible new species, two new host records and five new geographical records. Because of the small number of fish in the Camilla Creek sample it was excluded from further analyses. E. maclovinus is a protandrous hermaphrodite and all fish greater than 53 cm total length were found to be female, so these too were excluded from further analyses. The parasite data from the remaining fish were analysed by an agglomerative hierarchical cluster analysis using an average linkage and a Jaccard measure of similarity, followed by a linear discriminant function analysis (LDA). Both analyses misclassified only one fish from Port Louis as being from Teal Creek, with the LDA giving an overall correct classification of 97.5% (39/40). The results support mechanical tagging data in suggesting that smaller male E. maclovinus are resident in the creeks in which they are caught, and that at this stage of their lives they tend not to migrate over long distances.
Tetralogy of Fallot with absent pulmonary valve and obstructed totally anomalous pulmonary venous connection
Authors: Jeewa Aamir , Mann Gurdeep S. , Hosking Martin C.K. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractWe describe a combination, unique as far as we are aware, of tetralogy of Fallot with so-called “absent” pulmonary valve and supracardiac totally anomalous pulmonary venous connection. The vertical vein was obstructed in a neonate born at term who presented with respiratory compromise.
Keeping personal subscriptions out of the library
Authors: THOMMEN Moritz , HOLMES Carla 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTIn recent decades library finances have been struggling to keep up with the growth of journals. Budget cuts, and subscription price increases due to resultant cancellations, have put additional strain on libraries, creating an accelerating spiral, the so‐called ‘serials crisis'. Personal subscriptions have suffered less from rising prices, but an increasing gap has opened up between personal and institutional subscription rates. This is being exploited by some unscrupulous agents, who are fraudulently buying journals at personal subscription rates and reselling them to libraries at discounted institutional rates, thus making huge profits and undermining the businesses of both the publishers and those agents who operate legitimately. Measures are being taken to counteract the problem, including the establishment by the Association of Subscription Agents and Intermediaries of a branch in the Middle East, where the problem is quite common, and the introduction of policy rules regarding personal subscriptions by the majority of STM publishers.
Sildenafil Prevents Cardiovascular Changes after Bone Marrow Fat Embolization in Sheep
Authors: Krebs Jörg , Ferguson Stephen J. , Nuss Katja , Leskosek Boris , Hoerstrup Simon P. , Goss Ben G. , Aebli Nikolaus 
Published: June 2007

Abstract

Background:
Sudden, intraoperative cardiovascular deterioration as a result of pulmonary embolization of bone marrow fat is a potentially fatal complication during total hip and knee arthroplasty, intramedullary nailing, and spine surgery. Anesthetic management is challenging in the presence of increased right ventricular afterload due to pulmonary hypertension. Selective pulmonary vasodilation may be an appropriate prophylactic or therapeutic measure. The effect of sildenafil (phosphodiesterase inhibitor) on cardiovascular deterioration after bone marrow fat embolization was therefore investigated.

Methods:
Bone cement (polymethylmethacrylate) was injected into three lumbar vertebrae in 12 sheep. Invasive blood pressures and heart rate were recorded continuously until 60 min after the last injection. Cardiac output and arterial and mixed venous blood gas variables were measured at selected time points. Before the first cement injection, 6 animals received a bolus injection (0.7 mg/kg) of sildenafil, with continuous infusion (0.2 mg · kg−1 · h−1) thereafter. Postmortem lung and kidney biopsies were taken for semiquantitative analysis of intravascular fat.

Results:
Fat embolism was associated with a transient increase (21 ± 7mmHg) in pulmonary arterial pressure. A transient decrease in arterial blood pressure and temporary increases in central venous pressure and dead space were also observed. No significant changes in any cardiovascular variable were observed after fat embolism in the sildenafil group. There was significantly (P < 0.05) less intravascular fat in the lungs of the sildenafil (median count of 5 emboli per microscopic view) compared with the control group (median count of 1).

Conclusions:
Administration of sildenafil prevented the acute cardiovascular complications after bone marrow fat embolism in sheep.