bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Semisynthetic Heparin Derivatives: Chemical Modifications of Heparin Beyond Chain Length, Sulfate Substitution Pattern and N‐Sulfo/N‐Acetyl Groups
Authors: Fernandez Cristina , Hattan Christopher M. , Kerns Robert J. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Correlating Structure with Function in Bacterial Multicomponent Monooxygenases and Related Diiron Proteins
Authors: Sazinsky Matthew H. , Lippard Stephen J. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Treatment of patients with metastatic renal cell cancer
Authors: Halbert Ronald J. , Figlin Robert A. , Atkins Michael B. , Bernal Myriam , Hutson Thomas E. , Uzzo Robert G. , Bukowski Ronald M. , Khan Khuda Dad , Wood Christopher G. , Dubois Robert W. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractBACKGROUND.New developments in the treatment of patients with metastatic renal cell cancer (MRCC) have suggested a need to reevaluate the role of systemic therapies. The authors convened a panel of medical and urologic oncologists to rate the appropriateness of the main options.METHODS.The authors used the RAND/University of California‐Los Angeles Appropriateness Method to evaluate systemic therapy options and cytoreductive nephrectomy. After a comprehensive literature review, an expert panel rated the appropriateness of systemic options (108 permutations) and cytoreductive nephrectomy (24 permutations) for patients with MRCC.RESULTS.The appropriateness evaluation indicated that 27.3% of permutations were rated “appropriate,” 46.9% were rated “inappropriate,” and 25.8% were rated “uncertain.” There was a high rate of agreement (95%). Sunitinib and sorafenib were rated appropriate for patients with low‐to‐moderate risk regardless of prior treatment. Temsirolimus was rated appropriate for first‐line therapy for higher risk patients. Interferon‐α and low‐dose interleukin‐2 were rated inappropriate or uncertain. In patients who received prior immunotherapy, cytokines were rated inappropriate. In all permutations for evaluating systemic therapy, enrollment into an investigational trial was considered appropriate, treatment with bevacizumab was uncertain, and thalidomide was inappropriate regardless of risk status or prior therapy. For good surgical risk patients with planned immunotherapy, nephrectomy was rated appropriate in patients who had limited metastatic burden regardless of tumor‐related symptoms and in symptomatic patients regardless of metastatic burden. Only the most favorable combination of surgical risk, metastatic burden, and symptoms generated an “appropriate” rating for patients with planned targeted therapy.CONCLUSIONS.The current results begin the process of defining an appropriate role for cytokines, newer targeted therapies, and surgery in the treatment of MRCC. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
Organization and origin of the connection from the inferior to the superior colliculi in the rat
Authors: García Del Caño Gontzal , Gerrikagoitia Inmaculada , Alonso‐Cabria Amaya , Martínez‐Millán Luis 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe inferior colliculus (IC) is the main ascending auditory relay station prior to the superior colliculus (SC). The morphology and origin of the connection from inferior to superior colliculus (I‐SC) was analyzed both by anterograde and retrograde tracing. Irrespective of the subregion of the IC in which they originate, the terminal fields of these connections formed two main tiers in the SC. While the dorsal one primarily involved the stratum opticum and the stratum griseum intermediale, the ventral one innervated the deep strata, although some fibers did connect these tiers. While the dorsal tier occupied almost the whole extension of the SC, the ventral one was mostly confined to its caudomedial quadrant. The fiber density in these tiers decreased gradually in a rostral gradient and the terminal fields became denser as the anterograde tracer at the injection site was distributed more externally in the cortex of the IC. Retrograde tracing confirmed this result, although it did not reveal any topographic ordering for the I‐SC pathway. Most presynaptic boutons of the I‐SC terminal field were located either inside or close to the patches of acetylcholinesterase activity. Together with previous anatomical and physiological studies, our results indicate that the I‐SC connection relays behaviorally relevant information for sensory‐motor processing. Our observation that this pathway terminates in regions of the superior colliculus, where neurons involved in fear‐like responses are located, reinforce previous suggestions of a role for the IC in generating motor stereotypes that occur during audiogenic seizures. J. Comp. Neurol. 499:716–731, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Chicken lateral septal organ and other circumventricular organs form in a striatal subdomain abutting the molecular striatopallidal border
Authors: Bardet S.M. , Cobos I. , Puelles E. , Martínez‐De‐La‐Torre M. , Puelles L. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe avian lateral septal organ (LSO) is a telencephalic circumventricular specialization with liquor‐contacting neurons (Kuenzel and van Tienhoven [1982] J. Comp. Neurol. 206:293–313). We studied the topological position of the chicken LSO relative to molecular borders defined previously within the telencephalic subpallium (Puelles et al. [2000] J. Comp. Neurol. 424:409–438). Differential expression of Dlx5 and Nkx2.1 homeobox genes, or the Shh gene encoding a secreted morphogen, allows distinction of striatal, pallidal, and preoptic subpallial sectors. The chicken LSO complex was characterized chemoarchitectonically from embryonic to posthatching stages, by using immunohistochemistry for calbindin, tyrosine hydroxylase, NKX2.1, and BEN proteins and in situ hybridization for Nkx2.1, Nkx2.2, Nkx6.1, Shh, and Dlx5 mRNA. Medial and lateral parts of LSO appear, respectively, at the striatal part of the septum and adjacent bottom of the lateral ventricle (accumbens), in lateral continuity with another circumventricular organ that forms along a thin subregion of the entire striatum, abutting the molecular striatopallidal boundary; we called this the “striatopallidal organ” (SPO). The SPO displays associated distal periventricular cells, which are lacking in the LSO. Moreover, the SPO is continuous caudomedially with a thin, linear ependymal specialization found around the extended amygdala and preoptic areas. This differs from SPO and LSO in some molecular aspects. We tentatively identified this structure as being composed of an “extended amygdala organ” (EAO) and a “preoptohypothalamic organ” (PHO). The position of LSO, SPO, EAO, and PHO within a linear Dlx5‐expressing ventricular domain that surrounds the Nkx2.1‐expressing pallidopreoptic domain provides an unexpected insight into possible common and differential causal mechanisms underlying their formation. J. Comp. Neurol. 499:745–767, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Populations of wide‐field amacrine cells in the mouse retina
Authors: Lin Bin , Masland Richard H. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractWe surveyed wide‐field amacrine cells in the mouse, using a large series of retinas from a transgenic strain that expresses the green fluorescent protein (GFP) in isolated retinal cells. Wide‐field cells were present in surprising diversity and number. They formed groups that could be defined by arbor depth, arbor size, and soma size. By conventional criteria, these populations of cells make up 11 amacrine cell “types.” Five additional types have been reported by others in the mouse. Roughly two‐thirds of the wide‐field amacrine cells are axon‐bearing cells, which have separate dendritic and axonal arbors. The axonal arbor of a single cell sometimes covers the majority of the retinal surface. The axon‐bearing cells appear to be centrifugally conducting neurons similar to those studied electrophysiologically in some other species. Although they are classified as independent morphological types, it seems likely that their physiological functions represent variations on a single organizational plan. These cells are present at every level of the inner plexiform layer, which suggests that they affect most of the mouse retina's final outputs to the brain and, by implication, almost all visual function. J. Comp. Neurol. 499:797–809, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sexually dimorphic immunoreactivity of galanin and colocalization with arginine vasotocin in the chicken brain (Gallus gallus domesticus)
Authors: Klein Sabine , Jurkevich Aleksandr , Grossmann Roland 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe bed nucleus of the stria terminalis medialis (BSTM) of adult chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) was previously shown to synthesize arginine vasotocin (AVT) in males only and coincides spatially and temporally with steroid activity regulating male reproductive behavior. Galanin has been shown to be a potent modulator of the behavioral and neuroendocrine responses in the mammalian BSTM and in other sexually dimorphic brain regions. In the present study of adult chickens the morphological relationship of AVT and galanin was examined by immunohistochemical analysis of two limbic structures, the BSTM and the lateral septum (SL). The analysis also included the hypothalamic nuclei supraopticus (SON) and paraventricularis (PVN). In males galanin and AVT were both synthesized in the BSTM, while in females neither galanin nor AVT was present. Furthermore, in the males galanin and AVT were colocalized in the majority of neurons within BSTM and in fibers of the SL. In both sexes galanin neurons in the PVN were scattered between the distinct clusters of AVT neurons and there was no colocalization of galanin and AVT in single PVN neurons. Furthermore, AVT immunoreactivity was significantly higher in the SON than in the PVN in both sexes. In the SON, galanin was colocalized with AVT in significantly more neurons in hens than in males (P ≤ 0.05%). These results demonstrate that the distributions of galanin and AVT are sexually dimorphic not only in the limbic BSTM but also in the hypothalamic SON. It is tempting to speculate that galanin in the SON is involved in regulation of oviposition as an AVT‐dependent female‐specific function. J. Comp. Neurol. 499:828–839, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Thermal Stability of Flame‐Made Zirconia‐Based Mixed Oxides
Authors: Jossen R. , Heine M. C. , Pratsinis S. E. , Akhtar M. K. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe thermal stability of pure and doped zirconia fabricated by flame spray pyrolysis (FSP) is studied by calcination at various temperatures and residence times. Powders are analyzed by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), nitrogen adsorption (Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller), energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDX), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The metastable tetragonal structure of flame‐made ZrO2 transformed to the monoclinic phase after sintering. Doping zirconia with yttria, ceria, lanthanum oxide, alumina, or silica increased its thermal stability and also hindered that phase transformation. For all doped powders, no monoclinic phase is formed during calcination. The combination of 25 wt % ceria, 10 wt % lanthanum oxide, and 65 wt % zirconia had the highest thermal stability.
Frühe Kalkausscheidungen an neu erstelltem Sichtmauerwerk. Sind am Markt befindliche Werkmauermörtel unterschiedlich zu beurteilen?
Authors: Quitmann Horst‐Dietrich 
Published: October 2006

AbstractIm Institut für Baustoffe und Bauphysik an der Fachhochschule Nordostniedersachsen in Buxtehude wurde ein aus Eigenmitteln finanziertes Versuchsprogramm zur Problematik früher Kalkausscheidungen an neu erstelltem Sichtmauerwerk durchgeführt. Die Ergebnisse umfangreicher Versuchsreihen mit dafür speziell entwickelten Prüfverfahren lassen den Schluß zu, daß auf dem Markt befindliche Werkmauermörtel hinsichtlich der Vermeidung früher Kalkausscheidungen infolge Fremdwasserzutritts unterschiedlich anspruchsvoll sind.
Ground fault current distribution in stations supplied by a line composed of a cable and an overhead section
Authors: Popović Ljubivoje M. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThis paper presents an analytical procedure which enables a quick and, at the design stage, correct evaluation of the ground fault current distribution, for a fault in a substation supplied by a line composed of two or more mutually different (overhead and underground) sections. The advantages of the method are based on the simplicity and accuracy of the formulae for solving uniform lumped parameter ladder circuits of any size and under any terminal conditions. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chromosomal aberrations in angioimmunoblastic T‐cell lymphoma and peripheral T‐cell lymphoma unspecified: A matrix‐based CGH approach
Authors: Thorns Christoph , Bastian Boris , Pinkel Daniel , Roydasgupta Ritu , Fridlyand Jane , Merz Hartmut , Krokowski Manuela , Bernd Heinz‐Wolfram , Feller Alfred Christian 
Published: October 2006

AbstractAngioimmunoblastic T‐cell lymphoma (AILT) is a histopathologically well‐defined entity. However, despite a number of cytogenetic studies, the genetic basis of this lymphoma entity is not clear. Moreover, there is an overlap to some cases of peripheral T‐cell lymphoma unspecified (PTCL‐u) in respect to morphological and genetic features. We used array‐based comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) to study genetic imbalances in 39 AILT and 20 PTCL‐u. Array‐based CGH revealed complex genetic imbalances in both AILT and PTCL‐u. Chromosomal imbalances were more frequent in PTCL‐u than in AILT and gains exceeded the losses. The most recurrent changes in AILT were gains of 22q, 19, and 11p11–q14 (11q13) and losses of 13q. The most frequent changes in PTCL‐u were gains of 17 (17q11–q25), 8 (involving the MYC locus at 8q24), and 22q and losses of 13q and 9 (9p21–q33). Interestingly, gains of 4q (4q28–q31 and 4q34–qtel), 8q24, and 17 were significantly more frequent in PTCL‐u than in AILT. The regions 6q (6q16–q22) and 11p11 were predominantly lost in PTCL‐u. Moreover, we could identify a recurrent gain of 11q13 in both AILT and PTCL‐u, which has previously not been described in AILT. Trisomies 3 and 5, which have been described as typical aberrations in AILT, were identified only in a small number of cases. In conclusion, CGH revealed common genetic events in peripheral T‐cell lymphomas as well as peculiar differences between AILT and PTCL‐u. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nuclear positioning of the BACH2 gene in BCR‐ABL positive leukemic cells
Authors: Ono Atsushi , Kono Kazuteru , Ikebe Dai , Muto Akihiko , Sun Jiying , Kobayashi Masao , Ueda Kazuhiro , Melo Junia V. , Igarashi Kazuhiko , Tashiro Satoshi 
Published: October 2006

AbstractBACH2 is a B‐cell‐specific transcription repressor and is also know as a tumor suppressor in B cell malignancy. Expression of BACH2 is induced in BCR‐ABL positive lymphoid cell lines including BV173 by imatinib, a molecular targeting agent for the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Here we show that the activity of the BACH2 gene is related to the nuclear positioning of the gene loci. We examined the spatial association of the BACH2 gene with the centromeric heterochromatin, a transcriptionally repressive subnuclear compartment, by comparing cells with low (BV173 and K562) and high (NAMALWA) levels of BACH2 mRNA. The BACH2 gene was located closer to the centromeric heterochromatin in BV173 and K562 cells as compared to NAMALWA cells. In BV173 cells, the BACH2‐centromere distance increased after imatinib treatment to levels similar to those in NAMALWA cells. We also found that diethylmaleate, an oxidative stressor, enhanced the antiproliferative effect of imatinib in only BV173 cells. Since BACH2 induces apoptosis by oxidative stress, these observations suggest that down‐regulation of the BACH2 gene through the interaction with centromeric heterochromatin would take part in leukomogenesis of BCR‐ABL positive lymphoid leukemia. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prediction of chromosomal aneuploidy from gene expression data
Authors: Hertzberg Libi , Betts David R. , Raimondi Susana C. , Schäfer Beat W. , Notterman Daniel A. , Domany Eytan , Izraeli Shai 
Published: October 2006

AbstractChromosomal aneuploidy is commonly observed in neoplastic diseases and is an important prognostic marker. Here we examine how gene expression profiles reflect aneuploidy and whether these profiles can be used to detect changes in chromosome copy number. We developed two methods for detecting such changes in the gene expression profile of a single sample. The first method, fold‐change analysis, relies on the availability of gene expression data from a large cohort of patients with the same disease. The expression profile of the sample is compared with that of the dataset. The second method, chromosomal relative expression analysis, is more general and requires the expression data from the tested sample only. We found that the relative expression values are stable among different chromosomes and exhibit little variation between different normal tissues. We exploited this novel finding to establish the set of reference values needed to detect changes in the copy number of chromosomes in a single sample on the basis of gene expression levels. We measured the accuracy of the performance of each method by applying them to two independent leukemia datasets. The second method was also applied to two solid tumor datasets. We conclude that chromosomal aneuploidy can be detected and predicted by analysis of gene expression profiles. This article contains Supplementary Material available athttp://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/1045‐2257/suppmat. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Osteopontin dysregulation and lytic bone lesions in multiple myeloma
Authors: Robbiani Davide F. , Colon Kaity , Ely Sarah , Ely Scott , Chesi Marta , Bergsagel P. Leif 
Published: October 2006

AbstractOsteopontin (OPN), a secreted phosphoprotein involved in immune regulation and bone homeostasis, is a major component of bone, the natural habitat of long‐lived plasma cells and multiple myeloma (MM). We show that only some MM cell lines and primary patient samples express OPN at high levels. High OPN expression inversely correlates with bone disease. When we subdivide MM into molecular subtypes, OPN is significantly upregulated in patients with maf translocations, particularly in the fraction lacking bone disease. OPN is produced in osteolytic lesions: we propose that MM‐derived OPN plays a critical role in bone disease by protecting bone from destruction. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Increased expression of fatty acid synthase and progesterone receptor in early steps of human mammary carcinogenesis
Authors: Esslimani‐Sahla Majida , Thezenas Simon , Simony‐Lafontaine Joelle , Kramar Andrew , Lavaill Roselyne , Chalbos Dany , Rochefort Henri 
Published: October 2006

AbstractProgestins increase the risk of breast cancer in the hormone therapy of menopause, and progesterone receptor‐induced fatty acid synthase (FAS) is a potential therapeutical target of breast cancer. In a first attempt to specify in which lesions at risk of breast cancer progestins might be acting, we have compared the progesterone receptor (PR) and FAS expression in preinvasive breast lesions and in adjacent “normal” mammary glands. We used archive paraffin‐embedded tissues from 116 patients, with 164 lesions of increasing histological risk from nonproliferative “benign” breast disease (BBD) to in situ breast carcinomas. Immunostaining using our FAS antibody and a PR antibody from Dako was quantified as continuous variables by computer‐assisted image analysis. FAS level increased (p < 10−3 by the Kruskall–Wallis test) in all lesions, starting from nonproliferative BBD, and was maximal in in situ carcinoma. The % of PR‐positive cells increased from nonproliferative BBD and was higher in proliferative atypia (p < 10−3). It was very low in high‐grade DCIS corresponding to a likely different carcinogenesis pathway. There was a trend for a positive correlation between FAS and PR in normal glands. However, the 2 markers increased independently in BBD and were negatively correlated in in situ carcinomas. FAS and PR were positively correlated with Ki67 in BBD. The increased PR level in premalignant steps of mammary carcinogenesis suggests an early increased responsiveness to progestins. The increased FAS expression, in lesions parallel to their increased breast cancer risk, suggests further studies to develop new markers of high‐risk lesions and to prevent breast cancer. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synergism between GM–CSF and IFNγ: Enhanced immunotherapy in mice with glioma
Authors: Smith Karin E. , Janelidze Shorena , Visse Edward , Badn Wiaam , Salford Leif , Siesjö Peter , Darabi Anna 
Published: October 2006

AbstractGlioblastoma multiforme is the most common malignant primary brain tumor and also one of the most therapy‐resistant tumors. Because of the dismal prognosis, various therapies modulating the immune system have been developed in experimental models. Previously, we have shown a 37–70% cure in a rat glioma model where rats were peripherally immunized with tumor cells producing IFNγ. On the basis of these results, we wanted to investigate whether a combination of GM–CSF and IFNγ could improve the therapeutic effect in a mouse glioma model, GL261 (GL‐wt). Three biweekly intraperitoneal (i.p.) immunizations with irradiated GM–CSF‐transduced GL261 cells (GL‐GM) induced a 44% survival in mice with intracranial glioma. While treatment of GL‐wt and GL‐GM with IFNγ in vitro induced upregulation of MHC I and MHC II on the tumor cells, it could not enhance survival after immunization. However, immunizations with GL‐GM combined with recombinant IFNγ at the immunization site synergistically enhanced survival with a cure rate of 88%. Tumors from mice receiving only 1 immunization on Day 10 after tumor inoculation were sectioned on Day 20 for analysis of leukocyte infiltration. Tumor volume was reduced and the infiltration of macrophages was denser in mice immunized with GL‐GM combined with IFNγ compared with that of both wildtype and nonimmunized mice. To our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate a synergy between GM–CSF and IFNγ in experimental immunotherapy of tumors, by substantially increasing survival as well as inducing a potent anti‐tumor response after only 1 postponed immunization. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.