bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seasonal prediction of summertime tropical cyclone activity over the East China Sea using the least absolute deviation regression and the Poisson regression
Authors: Kim Hyeong‐Seog , Ho Chang‐Hoi , Chu Pao‐Shin , Kim Joo‐Hong 
Published: February 2009

AbstractIn the present study, we have employed two statistical models to predict summertime (July–September) tropical cyclone (TC) activity over the East China Sea using the least absolute deviation (LAD) regression and the Poisson regression method. Through a lagged correlation analysis of the relationship between the seasonal TC frequency in the target region and several pre‐season environmental parameters for the period 1979–2003, physically interpretable and statistically significant large‐scale environmental parameters were identified as potential predictors. After applying the predictor screening method based on the stepwise regression, three predictors, i.e. sea surface temperature, outgoing long‐wave radiation and 850‐hPa relative vorticity were finally chosen. They are related to the phase transition of El Niño/Southern Oscillation and the strength of the western North Pacific summer monsoon. The correlation coefficient between the predicted and the observed frequency is 0.75 for the LAD model and 0.78 for the Poisson model. The predictions using the two models have a skill improvement of about 60% compared to the reference forecasts. The present study suggests that both models are skillful in predicting summertime TC frequency over the East China Sea with the Poisson model being slightly more skillful than the LAD model. Copyright © 2009 Royal Meteorological Society
Transport trajectories of dust originating from the Tarim Basin, China
Authors: Gao Hang , Washington Richard 
Published: February 2009

AbstractAlthough Asian dust's significant environmental and social impacts during its transport process has stimulated a concerted research effort to better understand its transportation characteristics, progress in understanding dust transport from individual key dust source areas has remained limited. For example, there has been no research focussing on the transport trajectory of dust released from the Tarim Basin. In this study, 13 years of transport trajectories in the Tarim Basin in April are simulated. The simulation results reveal important information about transport pathways, transport distance and direction and transport altitudes. A novel centroid method was applied in trajectory analysis. The use of the centroid method enables a quantitative description of trajectories. High dust active (H) years and low dust active (L) years are identified. The composites of transport trajectory for the two kinds of extreme years are compared. The composites of zonal wind average for extreme years are also compared. Our study suggests that Tarim dust transport can be generally divided into two stages. The first stage is when the trajectory centroid is in the Tarim Basin and the second stage is when the trajectory centroid is out of the Tarim Basin. We found that the circulation variation in extreme years exerts a major control over transport. Copyright © 2009 Royal Meteorological Society
Myth, adventure and fantasy at the frontier: metaphors and imagery behind an extraordinary travel experience
Authors: Laing Jennifer H. , Crouch Geoffrey I. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractTravellers are now journeying to the frontiers of our world, including the poles, deserts, mountain peaks, the depths of the ocean and even outer space. These extraordinary travel experiences are often carried out in the ‘footsteps’ of explorers or adventurers, both past and present, and may be motivated or influenced by fantasy narratives and dreamscapes. This paper uses narrative analysis to examine some of the metaphors and imagery used by these individuals when describing these journeys, including mythic, imaginary and theatrical elements, and explores the common discourse of the adventure myth and the metempsychotic journey. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Museum and art gallery experience space characteristics: an entertaining show or a contemplative bathe?
Authors: McIntyre Charles 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThis paper considers some of the findings of a longitudinal research project undertaken to investigate the perceptions and attitudes surrounding museum/art gallery visits and their desired characteristics. The work centred largely upon a major relaunch, design and development project of a combined museum and art gallery on the South Coast of England. Over the course of a number of years, the project broadened to allow the investigation of dimensions of the adult tourist's experience of museum and gallery visits.The desired experience in cultural presentations and visitation spaces was found to be focused upon internal self‐learning through time and space consideration, involving processes of dimensional imagining, personal reflection and heuristic self‐discourse while becoming ‘time and space dreamers’. An immersive, enabling and supporting environment and flow of differential space elements, or spacescape mix, for this experience was found to be essential for the desired outcomes.A suitable balance of different types of space was a perceived necessity of cultural visitation events for adults and groups involving adults, including a humanistic form of ‘warm’ space for the central desired adult object‐related transformation experience, complemented by ‘cool’ space to allow reflection, consideration and relaxation. Acting in a form of tourist‐visitor role, visitors were found to have a desire for space to ‘bathe‐in’ and ‘soak‐up’ a form of experiential learning in proximity to culturally significant objects, information and spaces of implied socio‐cultural and local significance. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Understanding and meeting the challenges of consumer/tourist experience research
Authors: Ritchie J. R. Brent , Hudson Simon 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThis paper seeks to provide a framework that will help us identify and better understand the major challenges we face in consumer/tourist experience research. These challenges have both theoretical and managerial dimensions. Based on an extensive and comprehensive review of the current literature in the field, we have categorised extant knowledge into six main streams of theoretical thinking and empirical research. These streams were identified as the fundamentals of the experience, experience‐seeking behaviours, methodologies used in experience research, the nature of specific tourism experiences, managerial issues in the design and delivery of experiences, and the evolutionary trail of experience thinking. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
New insights on therapy with vitamin D analogs targeting the intracellular pathways that control repigmentation in human vitiligo
Authors: Birlea Stanca Ariana , Costin Gertrude‐Emilia , Norris David Albert 
Published: February 2009

AbstractVitiligo is a progressive depigmenting disorder affecting 0.5–2% of the population worldwide in which destruction of functional melanocytes from epidermis is a composite of multiple processes influencing melanocyte function and survival. A number of studies have recently reported that the treatment with vitamin D compounds or their combination with ultraviolet light or corticosteroids enhances repigmentation in vitiligo; however, the causal relationship at the cellular and molecular levels has not so far been investigated. This review details the main intracellular pathways through which vitamin D ligands alone or in different combinations may contribute to pigment restoration in vitiligo, outlines the most recent achievements in vitiligo treatment using vitamin D analogs, and compares their efficacy with other treatment regimens in vitiligo. Based on the reviewed literature and data, we foresee the need for designing new vitamin D compounds to achieve maximal therapeutic efficacy. Such compounds should have high selectivity for melanocytes, stimulatory effects on melanogenesis, and minimal suppressive effects on melanocyte growth. An approach combining clinical investigations and focused research on the cellular and molecular mechanisms of vitiligo repigmentation will lead to finding better treatments for this disease. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Med Res Rev, 29, No. 3, 514‐546, 2009
White matter tract visualization using properties of termination coordinate eigenmaps
Authors: Barrick Thomas R. , Lawes I. Nigel C. , Clark Chris A. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractWe present a fast and informative technique for determining colors that differentiate white matter pathways generated by deterministic diffusion tensor tractography (DTT) based on streamline termination coordinate (TC) locations in native space. In particular, terminations coordinates are mapped to a standard stereotactic space and colors are generated using a fast eigenmapping approach designed to provide a single eigenvector representing both TCs. This eigenvector is then colored by mapping the vector x‐coordinate to the red channel, the y‐coordinate to the green channel, and the z‐coordinate to the blue channel. This visualization technique generates a TC color (TCC) map and represents a novel technique for white matter anatomical visualization that does not require explicit white matter pathway segmentation. TCC maps of the pons, cerebral peduncle, thalamus, arcuate fasciculus, and corpus callosum are demonstrated and shown to correspond well with known white matter anatomy. Furthermore, TCC maps are consistent between subjects and may be modulated by the eigenvalue of the TCC map or streamline length to provide additional visual contrast. Finally, these color maps may be generated from deterministic or probabilistic tractography data that are computed from either diffusion tensor or high angular resolution diffusion‐weighted MRI acquisitions. Magn Reson Med, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Numerical and experimental study of the flow in an eccentric Couette‐Taylor system with small gap
Authors: Scurtu Nicoleta , Stücke Peter , Egbers Christoph 
Published: February 2009

AbstractVarious papers were dedicated to the technical and industrial aspects of the Taylor–Couette flow, by analyzing the flow structure in dependence of characteristic parameters. Also some studies concerning the influence of an eccentrical position of the rotating inner cylinder relatively to the fixed outer cylinder exist in the case of a large gap width. The principal technical application of such studies is the flow in journal bearings where the gap width is very small, of the order 0.1\% relative to the inner cylinder radius. Analytical and numerical investigations of the flow in journal bearings are generally based on the two–dimensional Reynolds approximation. This investigation in aiming at a validation of the range where the Reynolds equation is applicable in relation to the characteristical parameters: gap width, eccentricity and Reynolds number. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Conserved Forms derived from Symmetries
Authors: Muriel C. , Romero J.L. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractFor first order scalar ordinary differential equations, a well–known result of Sophus Lie states that a Lie point symmetry can be used to construct an integrating factor and conversely.However, there exist higher order equations without Lie point symmetries that admit integrating factors or that are exact. We present a method based on λ‐symmetries to calculate integrating factors. An example of a second order equation without Lie point symmetries illustrates how the method works in practice and how the computations that appear in other methods may be simplified. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Structural, thermal, and impedance properties of a gel polymer electrolyte containing ionic liquid
Authors: Tang Zhenglin , Qi Li , Gao Guitian 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe gel polymer electrolytes composed of ionic liquid, 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (BMImBF4) and the copolymer of acrylonitrile (AN), methyl methacrylate (MMA), poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (PEGMEMA) are synthesized and characterized by FT‐IR spectra, TGA, DSC, and AC impedance measurements. IR spectra show that there is an interaction between PEO side chains of the copolymer and imidazolium cations. TGA measurements indicate that the gel polymer electrolytes are stable until 120°C. By using the equivalent circuit proposed, the experimental data and the simulated data fit very well. The bulk resistance Rb is found to decrease with the increase in BMImBF4 content. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and applications of novel fluoroalkyl end‐capped cooligomers containing diphenylacetylene segments: a new approach to the surface arrangement of diphenylacetylene segments on the traditional organic polymer
Authors: Mugisawa Masaki , Orita Akihiro , Otera Junzo , Sawada Hideo 
Published: February 2009

AbstractFluoroalkyl end‐capped cooligomers containing diphenylacetylene segments [RF‐(DPMA)x‐(Co‐M)y‐RF] were prepared by reaction of fluoroalkanoyl peroxide with 4‐(phenylethynyl)phenyl methacrylate (DPMA) and radical polymerizable comonomers such as N,N‐dimethylacrylamide (DMAA) and acryloylmorpholine (ACMO) under very mild conditions. Fluorinated cooligomers containing diphenylacetylene segments thus obtained exhibited a good solubility in a variety of organic solvents. These fluorinated cooligomers were also applied to the surface modification of traditional organic polymers such as poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) to exhibit not only a good surface active property imparted by fluorine but also a fluorescent characteristic related to diphenylacetylene segments on their surface. In addition, these fluorinated cooligomers could form the nanometer size‐controlled fluorinated molecular aggregates in chloroform. Interestingly, some benzenes and biphenyl (BP) derivatives could interact with these fluorinated oligomeric aggregates as guest molecules, and in particular 2‐chloro‐5‐nitrobenzotrifluoride (CNB) was most effective for enhancing the fluorescent intensity of these guest molecules. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Vitamin D und Hyperparathyreoidismus. Vitamin D – ein Prohormon
Authors: Nuhn Peter 
Published: February 2009

AbstractVitamin D wird im Organismus zunächst durch Sonnenbestrahlung, dann weiter in Leber und Niere durch Hydroxylierungen in ein steroidähnliches Hormon (Calcitriol) umgewandelt, das Calciumhaushalt, Knochenbildung sowie Zelldifferenzierungen und ‐proliferationen reguliert. Im Unterschied zu den meisten anderen Vitaminen besteht die Gefahr einer Hypervitaminose.
Ultrasound prediction of intertwin birth weight discordance in monochorionic diamniotic twin pregnancies
Authors: Van Mieghem Tim , Deprest Jan , Klaritsch Philipp , Gucciardo Léonardo , Done' Elisa , Verhaeghe Johan , Lewi Liesbeth 
Published: February 2009

AbstractObjectivesTo estimate the accuracy of ultrasound to predict birth weight (BW) and BW discordance in monochorionic diamniotic (MCDA) twin pregnancies.MethodsA prospective series of MCDA twin pregnancies was subjected to ultrasound fetal weight estimations (EFW) at 16, 20, and 26 weeks of gestation and within 2 weeks of birth. Intertwin weight discordance (ΔEFW and ΔBW) was calculated. The correlation between ΔEFW, ΔBW, EFW, and BW was assessed (Pearson) and least square regression analysis was performed. Positive and negative predictive values of ultrasound to detect severe ΔBW were calculated. Receiver‐operating characteristics (ROC) curves were constructed to predict ΔBW >25% at different time points of gestation.ResultsSixty pregnancies were included. Median ΔBW was 9.98%. Ten(16,7%), 8(13,3%) and 5(8,3%) twin pairs had a ΔBW >20%, >25% and >30%, respectively. BW and EFW (r = 0.96; p < 0.001) as well as ΔBW and ΔEFW were well correlated with each other (r = 0.75; p < 0.001). Bland‐Altman analysis showed that ultrasound evaluation overestimated ΔBW if >20%. Negative predictive value of ultrasound for ΔBW >25% was 98%. The area under the curve (AUC) to predict a ΔBW >25% at 16, 20, and 26 weeks and <2 weeks before birth was 0.79, 0.87, 0.93, and 0.95, respectively.ConclusionsUltrasound estimations of BW and ΔBW are highly correlated with actual BW and ΔBW in MCDA twin pregnancies. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Klassische Magnetkreisel. Spielwiese
Authors: Schlichting Hans‐Joachim , Ucke Christian 
Published: February 2009

AbstractKreisel mit einer magnetischen Achse können auf vielfältige Weise Wechselwirkungen mit ferromagnetischen Objekten eingehen. Je nachdem, ob es sich um große oder kleine Objekte handelt, führt entweder der Kreisel oder das Objekt eine interessante Bewegung aus. Diese Bewegungen lassen sich als Wechselspiel zwischen Schwerkraft und magnetischer Anziehungskraft sowie Roll‐ und Gleitreibung und die hierdurch entstehenden Drehmomente erklären.
Der Körper als Wärmemaschine
Authors: Müller Andreas 
Published: February 2009

AbstractDer Körper erzeugt durch chemische Reaktionen in seine Zellen Energie, die uns am Leben hält. Die Verbrennung von Kohlenwasserstoffen wird dabei durch eine komplizierte biochemische Reaktionskette gezähmt, so dass die Energieversorgung ohne hohe Brenntemperaturen möglich ist. Die Energiebilanz lässt sich mit einfachen Angaben abschätzen.
Gefühlte physikalische Eigenschaften
Authors: Vilgis Thomas 
Published: February 2009

AbstractSämige, dicke Saucen können mitunter wahre Geschmackswunder sein. Das tiefe und oft lang anhaltende sensorische Mundgefühl wird maßgeblich durch die Fließeigenschaften der Saucen mitbestimmt. Lassen sich Begriffe wie Mundgefühl und Geschmack sogar auf physikalische Begriffe wie Viskosität und Fließverhalten zurückführen? Vieles spricht dafür. Es geht gewissermaßen um gefühlte physikalische Eigenschaften.
Attosekundengenaue Tunnelzeitmessung
Authors: Pfeiffer Adrian N. , Eckle Petrissa , Keller Ursula , Dörner Reinhard 
Published: February 2009

AbstractUnter dem Einfluss starker Laserfelder kann das Potential eines Atomkerns so stark verformt werden, dass die Elektronen sich durch Tunnelionisation vom Atom lösen. Die Frage nach der Dauer dieses Prozesses ist immer wieder Gegenstand von Diskussionen. Jüngst ist unserer Gruppe an der ETH Zürich eine zeitliche Messung mit Attosekundengenauigkeit gelungen. Das Ergebnis: Null.
Durchstimmbarer, zweidimensionaler Supraleiter
Authors: Hammerl German , Thiel Stefan , Mannhart Jochen 
Published: February 2009

AbstractSeit der Entdeckung der Hochtemperatur‐Supraleitung im Jahr 1986 werden kristalline Schichten aus komplexen Oxiden intensiv erforscht. Diese Materialien zeigen neuartige und bisweilen unerwartete physikalische Eigenschaften, die zukünftige elektronische Schaltkreise revolutionieren könnten. Ein aktuelles Beispiel ist die Doppelschicht der Isolatoren Lanthanaluminat (LaAlO3) und Strontiumtitanat (SrTiO3) (Abbildung 1), an deren Grenzfläche sich erstaunlicherweise ein zweidimensionales Elektronengas bildet, das bei tiefen Temperaturen sogar supraleitend wird.
Effect of higher nonbenzenoids in optical properties of dihydropyrene–thiophene and dihydropyrene–phenylenevinylene copolymers
Authors: Lin Yuan , Lai Yee‐Hing 
Published: February 2009

AbstractOne dihydropyrene–thiophene and a series of three dihydropyrene–phenylenevinylene copolymers were synthesized in this work. The core dihydropyrene unit was shown to remain intact in the polymer backbone by 1H NMR studies. Thermal studies indicated higher stability of the dihydropyrene unit in the copolymers compared with the parent molecule, with one of the dihydropyrene–phenylenevinylene copolymers exhibited a single‐step onset degradation temperature at 400 °C. Extended conjugation effect in the copolymers was evident based on spectroscopic analysis despite a mismatch of macrocyclic dihydropyrene units and small conjugation partners (thiophene and phenylenevinylene). The copolymers exhibited relatively small bandgaps. All four copolymers exhibit blue light emission in photoluminescence studies. Their emission spectra are essentially identical, suggesting that their emission properties were dominated by the dihydropyrene chromophore but independent of the spacer group (thiophene or phenylenevinylene). © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47: 1795–1803, 2009
Redox initiated cationic polymerization
Authors: Crivello James V. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractA novel catalytic method for carrying out the cationic polymerizations has been developed based on a redox initiator system in which the reducing component is delivered to the reaction mixture in the vapor state. The redox couple consists of a diaryliodonium salt that is dissolved in the monomer and a noble metal catalyst is added. The silane reducing agent is introduced to the reaction mixture in the vapor state using air as the carrier gas. Reduction of the diaryliodonium salt by the silane results in the liberation of a Brønsted superacid that initiates cationic polymerizations. A study of the effects of variations in the structures of the diaryliodonium salt, the silane, and the type of noble metal catalyst was carried out. In principle, the initiator system is applicable to all types of cationically polymerizable monomers and oligomers including: the ring‐opening polymerizations of such heterocyclic monomers as epoxides and oxetanes and, in addition, the polymerization of vinyl ether monomers such as vinyl ethers. The use of this initiator system for carrying out commercially attractive cross‐linking polymerizations for coatings, composites, and encapsulations is discussed. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47: 1825–1835, 2009
Synthesis and characterization of synthetic polymer colloids colloidally stabilized by cationized starch oligomers
Authors: Gaborieau Marianne , De bruyn Hank , Mange Siyabonga , Castignolles Patrice , Brockmeyer Andreas , Gilbert Robert G. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractA method is developed for anchoring enzymatically degraded cationized starch as electrosteric stabilizers onto synthetic latices, using cerium(IV) to create free‐radical grafting sites on the starch. Direct anchoring of debranched starch onto a poly(methyl methacrylate) seed latex yields a latex stabilized by well‐defined oligosaccharides. Using α‐amylase to randomly cleave starch to form (1→4)‐α‐glucans, and a comonomer, N‐isopropyl acrylamide (NIPAM), whose corresponding polymer exhibits a lower critical solution temperature (LCST), creates a means to synthesize block (or graft) oligomers of oligosaccharide and synthetic polymer, which are water soluble at room temperature. Above 30 °C, they become amphiphilic and form self‐emulsifying nanoparticles (sometimes termed “frozen micelles”) from which a synthetic latex is grown after addition of methyl methacrylate, the collapsed NIPAM‐containing entities functioning as a type of in situ seed. This synthesis of stable synthetic latex particles is shown to have a high grafting efficiency. The starch fragments were characterized by 1H solution‐state NMR before grafting, and 13C solid‐state cross‐polarization magic‐angle spinning (CP‐MAS) NMR was used to characterize the starch oligomers actually grafted on the final latex. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47: 1836–1852, 2009