bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Complete sequence of a mariner transposable element from the predatory mite Metaseiulus occidentalis isolated by an inverse PCR approach
Authors: Jeyaprakash A. , Hoy M. A. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractDegenerate primers designed and synthesized based on two conserved regions of the mariner transposase open reading frame were used to amplify a 454 bp DNA fragment from M. occidentalis. Two inverse primers were then synthesized and used to amplify flanking genomic DNA fragments from M. occidentalis by a ligation‐mediated inverse PCR. The complete mariner element (Moc 1) was 1284 bp long, including the imperfect 28 bp inverted terminal repeat sequences, and shared 59% similarity to an active 1286 bp long D. mauritiana mariner element (Mos 1). Insertions, deletions and substitutions were observed in the Moc 1 sequence at several positions. No intact open reading frame was detected and the Moc 1 element is considered inactive. Stringent Southern blot hybridizations revealed at least twelve copies of mariner sequences similar to Moc 1 in the colonies tested.
Overlapping Lsp‐2 gene sequences target expression to both the larval and adult Drosophila fat body
Authors: Beneš H. , Neal K. C. , Willis R. L. , Gadde D. , Castleberry A. B. , Korochkina S. E. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe Larval serum protein‐2 gene (Lsp‐2) of Drosophila melanogaster encodes one of the major hexameric haemolymph proteins of third‐instar larvae and a major component of adult serum. Regulated transcription of Lsp‐2 results in high‐level, ecdysone‐stimulated expression throughout the larval fat body and low‐level, spatially restricted expression in the adult fat cells. To localize cis‐acting regulatory se quences responsible for the stage‐ and tissue‐specific activity of Lsp‐2, the expression of Lsp‐2–IacZ fusion genes was studied by P element‐mediated germline transformation of Drosophila. A 230 base pair larval enhancer, which includes an ecdysone response element (EcRE), specifically targets gene activity to the larval fat body. Although the adult mode of Lsp‐2 expression depends on the larval enhancer, additional negative regulatory elements dictate both tissue‐specificity and unique spatial restriction within the adult fat body. Implications of these findings for the identification of fat body‐specific gene regulatory units in other insects are discussed.
Differential induction of antibacterial transcripts in Drosophila susceptible and resistant to parasitism by Leptopilina boulardi
Authors: Coustau C. , Carton Y. , Nappl A. , Shotkoski F. , Ffrench‐Constant R. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractTwo welldescribed elements of the Immune response of insects include encapsulation of metazoan parasites (blood‐cell‐mediated) and the production of antibacterial peptides (humoral and/or cellular). However, the possible functional interrelationship between cellular encapsulation and antibacterial responses, and the extent to which the two components may be co‐regulated, are poorly understood. We used a novel approach involving strains of Drosophila resistant (R) or susceptible (S) to the wasp parasitold Leptopilina boulardi to study the expression of three genes involved in the antibacterial response: Dorsal‐related immunity factor (Dil), Cecropin (CecA1) and Diptericin (Dip). Both S and R strains produced high levels of all antibacterial transcripts upon bacterial injection. However, when parasitized the R strain showed no induction whilst the S strain did. This lack of antibacterial transcript induction in the parasitized R strain not only clarifies the separation of these two types of immune response but also raises the fascinating possibility of a link in their genetic regulation.
Cloning and expression analysis of Aedes aegypti opsin: adaptation of an in situ hybridization protocol for mosquitoes
Authors: Graf R. , Godknecht A. , Nakano M. , LJ X. , Ackermann U. , Helbiing P. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractOpsin is a G protein coupled photoreceptor that actlvates a signal transduction cascade in the ommatidia. Its primary and secondary structure Is conserved both In insects and vertebrates as exemplified by the Drosophiia opslns. Through serendipitous cloning of a PCR fragment, we have Identified an opsln cDNA. The latter was used to clone full length cDNAs from a mosquito head library. the main purpose of cloning was to have a positive control probe to establish an In situ hybridization protocol for less abundant probes. Opsin‐mRNA is localized specifically to the visual receptor cells in the ommatida. No other cells in the brain or the remainder of the body are positive. This is confirmed by Northern blot analysis.The sequence of the receptor, of which we have found two different transcripts, confirms Its typical topology, including the seven transmembrane spanning regions and the intracellular carboxy terminus that has potential phosphorylatlon sites.Our in situ hybridization protocol combines several procedures: the most important points are: (a) the immediate processing of sections after cutting, and (b) the sections are never allowed to dry out once the procedure was started. Our protocol has a much higher sensitivity, using approximately 50times lower concentrations of probe compared to published protocols. In addition to the detection of opsin‐mRNA, It has been successfully applied to the detection of the low abundant Insulin receptor homologue. Furthermore, Aedes aegypti probes were visualizing a similar tissue specificity when applied to the malaria mosquito Anopheles albimanus.
Identification of insect cell lines by DNA amplification fingerprinting (DAF)
Authors: McIntosh A. H. , Grasela J. J. , Matted R. L. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractFingerprint profiles were generaed from twenty insect cell lines spanning the Orders, Lepldoptera, Diptera, Coleoptera and Homoptera employing DNA amplification fingerprinting (DAF) with arbitrarily selected prlmers. The fingerprint pattern is a stable characteristlc of the cell line because high and low passages generated the same profile. In addition, insect hosts and homologous cell lines generated similar profiles. All cell lines could be distinguished from each other with the following exceptions: Plutella xylostella (BCIRL‐PX2‐HNU3) and Mamestra brassicaee (IZD‐MB‐0503) produced identical patterns to Trichoplusia ni (TN‐CL1). Also Spodoptera exigua (UCR‐SE‐1C) produced the same profile as Spodoptera frugiperde (SF9) and the parent cell line IPLB‐SF21. All these cases of identical patterns are believed to be due to cross contamination or mislabelling of cultures. DAF will serve as an additional, valuable and rellable technique for the identification of insect cell lines.
Inducible immune factors of the vector mosquito Anopheles gambiae: biochemical purification of a defensin antibacterial peptide and molecular cloning of preprodefensin cDNA
Authors: Richman A. M. , Bulet P. , Hetru C. , Barillas‐Mury C. , Hoffmann J. A. , Kafatos F. C. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractLarvae of the mosquito vector of human malaria, Anopheles gambiae, were inoculated wlth bacteria and extracts were biochemically fractionated by reverse‐phase HPLC. Multiple induced polypeptides and antibacterial activities were observed following bacterial infection, including a member of the Insect defensin family of antibacterial proteins. A cDNA encoding An. gambiae preprodefensin was isolated using PCR primers based on phyiogeneticaiiy conserved sequences. The mature peptide is highly conserved, but the signal and propeptide segments are not, relative to corresponding defensin sequences of other insects. Defensin expression is Induced in response to bacterial infection, in both adult and larval stages. in contrast, pupae express defensin mRNA constitutively. Defensin expression may prove a valuable molecular marker to monitor the An. gambiae host response to infection by parasitic protozoa of medical importance.
Isolation of a cluster esterase genes associated with organophosphate resistance in Lucilia cuprina
Authors: Newcomb R. D. , East P. D. , Russell R. J. , Oakeshott J. G. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractPCR primers designed from the α‐esterase gene cluster of Drosophiia melanogaster have been used to isolate fragments from eight esterase genes In the Australian sheep blowfly, Lucilia cuprina. Phyio‐genetic analysis suggests that three are homologues of the αE7, αE8 and αE9 genes of the α‐esterase cluster of D. melanogaster. A further three are also probably α‐esterases, whereas the remaining two more closely resemble β‐esterases. Transcripts for five of the α‐esterase genes were detected by PCR in adult midgut, consistent with a role for these enzymes in digestion andlor detoxification. Based on the tissue distribution of these transcripts, LcαE7 may possibly encode the esterase, E3, which is involved in organophosphate resistance.
Peritrophic matrix proteins of Anopheles gambiae and Aedes aegypti
Authors: Moskalyk L. A. , Oo M. M. , Jacobs‐Lorena M. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractLittle is known about the composition and function of the mosquito peritrophic matrix (PM), a physical barrier that pathogens must traverse to complete their life cycles. Anopheies gambiae and Aedes aegypti PM proteins induced by blood or by a protein‐free meal have been characterized by the use of 2‐D gel electrophoresis and lectin‐binding affinity assays. More than forty proteins have been identified in both species. Over half of the PM proteins of both mosquitoes migrate identically. Many PM proteins appear to be giycosylated, primarily by high mannose N‐linked glycosyi groups.
Caring research and concepts: a selected review of the literature
Authors: LEA AMANDAH , WATSON ROGER 
Published: December 2007

SummaryA selected review of the literature on caring in nursing is presented. The review relies on the work of the major theorists in this area.The major conceptualizations of caring are compared and contrasted, along with some of the research approaches which have been applied to investigate the phenomenon of caring in nursing.The outcome of quantitative and qualitative research on caring is described and the justification for an extension of the quantitative work, through the development of an appropriate inventory and the application of multivariate statistical analysis, is discussed.
Paediatric nursing and research ethics: is there a conflict?
Authors: LOWES LESLEY 
Published: December 2007

Summary

This paper briefly outlines the major ethical issues which need to be considered when conducting paediatric research.
An overview of ethical theories and principles will highlight the difficulties which may be experienced when making decisions about children's competency to consent to participate in research.
The congruency of the paediatric nurse as ‘researcher’ and ‘practitioner’ will be examined. Does the nurse involved in paediatric research experience a conflict between a commitment to research and safeguarding the interests and well‐being of the child.
Staff perspectives on the role of the nurse in rehabilitation wards for elderly people
Authors: WATERS KAREN R. , LUKER KAREN A. 
Published: December 2007

Summary

The increasing demand for cost‐effective and efficient health care may create a demand for more demonstrably effective hospital‐based rehabilitation services, with the explicit goal of enabling patients to return home after short admissions; thus rehabilitation is centre stage.
This paper reports the findings from a study of the rehabilitation of elderly people in hospital; in particular it focuses on an aspect of the process of care: namely staff perceptions of rehabilitation work, with particular emphasis on the role of the nurse.
A conversational style of interviewing was used with 56 staff respondents from two rehabilitation wards for elderly people.
Findings suggest that therapists are often seen as experts, and nursing is viewed as separate from rehabilitation, and hence nurses are an under‐utilized resource in this field.
It is suggested that there is a need to examine further the reality of multidisciplinary teamwork in rehabilitation, particularly with respect to maximizing the potential contribution of nurses, with the end goal of improving patient outcomes.
Creating consensus about nursing outcomes. II. Nursing outcomes as agreed by patients, nurses and other health professionals
Authors: MILLAR BRIAN , MAGGS CHRISTOPHER , WARNER VICKI , WHALE ZOE 
Published: December 2007

Summary

The questions ‘what is it that you want from nursing?’ and ‘how would you know when you have got what you want from nursing?’ were put to patients, nurses and other health professionals.
The patients identified essential qualities of nurses.
Problems within the nursing group are identified. The view of each group on the other's work is discussed.
Areas of consensus related to respect, communication, competence, co‐operation and context.
Indicators or measures of the consensus areas are reported.
Residents' perspectives of their first 2 weeks in a long‐term care facility
Authors: IWASIW CARROLL , GOLDENBERG DOLLY , MacMASTER ELSIE , McCUTCHEON SUSAN , BOL NANCY 
Published: December 2007

Summary

This study investigated residents' perspectives of their first 2 weeks in a long‐term care facility (LTCF). Twelve residents were interviewed to determine their experiences during the first 2 weeks, their needs, priorities and expectations, and their views about how relocation from home could be facilitated. The constant comparative method of qualitative analysis (Glaser & Strauss, 1967) was used.
Qualitative analysis of the audiotaped interviews revealed four main categories: emotional reactions, transition activities, reflecting on their situation, and connecting with a personal philosophy.
Residents' responses indicated that if they had actively participated in the decision to be admitted, the adjustment to the LTCF was easier. Connecting with a personal philosophy was also a significant factor.
Nursing implications include recognition of the importance of preparing residents for admission, involving them in the decision, and listening to their perspectives throughout the relocation experience.
When touch is not the best approach
Authors: DAVIDHIZAR RUTH , GIGER JOYCE NEWMAN 
Published: December 2007

Summary

Health care professionals have long believed in the value of nonverbal components of communication and the highly significant roles such factors as distance, space, and touch can play in therapeutic relationships.
The value of touch is not appreciated by all health care professionals or considered appropriate or desirable by some patients.
While touch has been described as the most important of all the senses, the astute professional must be cognizant of the times when touch should not be used.
The nursing record as a research tool to identify nursing interventions
Authors: HALE C.A. , THOMAS L.H. , BOND S. , TODD C. 
Published: December 2007

Summary

This paper describes a study which was designed to test the feasibility of using retrospective case note abstraction of data from nursing records to identify the nursing interventions given to two groups of patients: those who had suffered a myocardial infarction and those who had sustained a fractured neck of femur.
The aim of the study was to assess whether the data obtained from the records were an accurate reflection of the nursing care given to patients. This was done by comparing what was recorded in the notes for specific areas of care with what the nursing staff said they did.
The specific areas of care for patients suffering a myocardial infarction were: pain, mobility, anxiety, patient education. The specific areas of care for patients sustaining a fractured femur were: pressure areas, pain, nutrition, mobility and rehabilitation, information and teaching.
Data were collected in three ways:
using a retrospective data abstraction tool to examine the case notes of a particular patient;
interviewing a nurse who had looked after the same patient;
interviewing a senior ward nurse to obtain information about ward policies arid practices to obtain a profile of the care usually given to these groups of patients.
In this paper we present some of our findings and discuss the methodological and logistical problems of using this method.
Increased parental participation in a paediatric surgical day‐care unit
Authors: KRISTENSSON‐HALLSTRÖM INGER , ELANDER GUNNEL , MALMFORS GERHARD 
Published: December 2007

Summary

Day care is currently a common way of providing treatment for minor and average paediatric surgical procedures.
The purpose of this study was to assess possible benefits of increasing parental involvement in the care of operated children in a day‐care surgery unit.
By giving parents information and education about post‐operative care, the goal was to facilitate recovery and minimize time spent in hospital.
Results show that parents in the intervention group were well prepared to assume a greater part of the care of their children.
Children in the intervention group appeared to have less pain and fewer children vomited post‐operatively than children in the control group.
Nutrition: a hard nut to crack. An exploration of the knowledge, attitudes and activities of qualified nurses in relation to nutritional nursing care
Authors: PERRY LIN 
Published: December 2007

Summary

Provision of adequate nutrition is recognized as essential, yet malnutrition continues to be reported in patients admitted to hospital.
The effects of malnutrition in hospital patients have been well documented; however, most work relating to nutritional management has been produced by members of Nutrition Support Teams, nurse specialists and interested clinicians, whilst the majority of hospitals are still without such specialist posts.
This study used two data collection methods to gain information about the attitudes, nutritional knowledge base and nutrition‐related nursing care in a large trust hospital in the South of England.
A survey of care plans for documentation of nutrition‐related nursing activities, carried out on the day of discharge for all patients from five wards over a period of a fortnight (totalling 141 sets of documentation), was followed by a questionnaire to all qualified nurses on these and a further four wards (110 nurses).
Results demonstrated that nurses generally felt that nutritional assessment was primarily their responsibility.
Whilst there was evidence of knowledgeable and proactive nursing care, it also appeared that there were fairly widespread deficiencies in the knowledge, communication and co‐ordination required to ensure consistent good practice.
An exploratory study from the patients' perspective of living with allergies
Authors: ZERNIKE WENDY , CORISH TRACIE , HENDERSON SYLVIA 
Published: December 2007

Summary

Allergic disease is one of the most prevalent chronic medical conditions in the world.
Allergen avoidance has been accepted as a form of treatment for allergic disease; however, the success of treatment is often dependent on how patients choose to manage their condition.
The purpose of this study was to explore how allergic conditions affect the lives of allergy sufferers and what information they believe would be useful to other allergy sufferers in the management of their allergic condition.
Patients suffering from non‐life‐threatening allergies stated that their allergy affected many aspects of their life, such as their work, their social life, their emotional state, their physical appearance and, hence, their interactions with others. The chronic symptoms of their condition caused the greatest concern to patients. Many of these participants ‘accepted their condition’ and undertook controlling measures as part of their daily life.
In contrast, patients suffering from life‐threatening allergies stated that their allergy did not affect their life. Knowledge of their allergic condition was more important than acceptance.
The findings elicited from allergy sufferers identified how nurses can educate patients about their condition and assist them in learning to live with their condition.
Evaluating the introduction of primary nursing: the use of a care plan audit
Authors: WEBB CHRISTINE , PONTIN DAVID 
Published: December 2007

Summary

A care plan audit was carried out as part of an action research project involving the introduction of primary nursing.
The audit tool was based on the Roper, Logan and Tierney Activities of Living model and the nursing process.
The audit showed that few changes in documentation had taken place as a result of the introduction of primary nursing.
The volume of communications had increased but much of this was not documented on care plans.
Other positive changes as a result of introducing primary nursing were found, and both patients and nurses were aware of these.
Better late than never? An evaluation of community nursing services for children in the UK
Authors: BRADLEY SUSAN F. 
Published: December 2007

Summary

The development of community nursing services for children in the UK was first suggested by Platt in 1959; until recently, however, such services have been rare and children have spent many unnecessary and potentially traumatic days in hospital.
This paper considers the development of community nursing services for children in the UK.
It identifies factors which have promoted the growth of these schemes, and examines the effectiveness of services from professional, managerial and economic perspectives.
The viewpoint of the consumer – the child and family themselves – is also considered.
Moving from hospital into a care home – the nurse's role in supporting older people
Authors: MORGAN DEBRA , REED JAN , PALMER ANTHONY 
Published: December 2007

Summary

Discharge planning has received much attention in the nursing literature over the past few years, and there has been particular concern over the discharge of older people back into their domestic environment.
The practical and logistical problems of managing such a discharge are considerable, but in this paper we argue that discharging older people from hospital to care homes is equally problematic, though in different ways.
This is a neglected area of research, perhaps because discharge into a care home seems to present fewer organizational problems.
There is, however, an extensive body of literature from a range of different disciplines which suggests that the loss of home and entry into a strange environment can be very stressful.
This paper outlines this literature and explores the implications for nursing practice.