bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intestinal, pulmonary, and serum antibody responses of feeder pigs exposed to transmissible gastroenteritis virus by the oral and the oral-intranasal routes of inoculation
Authors: Sprino Phillip J. , Ristic Miodrag 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Specific antibodies against transmissible gastroenteritis (tge) virus produced as a result of oral and oral-intranasal viral exposure of feeder pigs were isolated by molecular sieve column chromatography of lung wash, intestinal fluid, and serum samples. Selected fractions were analyzed for neutralizing antibody activity. Oral inoculation gave a predominantly immunoglobulin (Ig) G antibody response in lung wash and serum, as compared with the response in intestinal fluid in which neutralizing antibody activity was found in the IgA-containing fractions. Oral-intranasal inoculation produced a predominantly IgA antibody response in intestinal fluid. Lung wash contained IgA and IgG antibody, and serum antibody consisted primarily of IgG class of Ig. Neutralizing antibody (IgA, IgG, IgM) from the lung wash, intestinal fluid, and serum samples persisted beyond 56 days after oral and oral-intranasal viral exposures.
The virus-shedding period in feces was 1 to 7 days after oral or oral-intranasal inoculation of feeder swine with virulent tge virus. However, tge virus was reisolated from lung and intestinal tissue for as long as 42 and 56 days, respectively.
Control of psoroptic scabies on calves with ivermectin
Authors: Meleney William P. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Eleven Hereford or Angus-cross calves slightly to severely infested with common scabies mites (Psoroptes ovis) were treated with 22,23-dihydroavermectin B1a (ivermectin) at dosages given subcutaneously (sc)—300 μg/kg; orally—400 μg/kg; or im—50, 100, or 200 μg/kg. At 14 days after treatment, live mites were not found on any of the calves treated sc or im, but live mites were found on all of the orally treated calves at 14 days and on 1 of them at 28 days after treatment. Four nontreated calves retained their mite infestations during the course of the im test. Biting lice (Bovicola bovis) were eliminated from 1 calf treated sc, but not from calves treated im. Ear ticks (Otobius megnini) were not noticeably affected.
Histogenesis of the reticular groove of the buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) stomach
Authors: Panchamukhi B. G. , Srivastava H. C. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Histogenesis of the reticular groove (sulcus reticuli) of the buffalo (Bubalus bubalis)was observed from primordial stage to birth. The epithelium of the reticular groove was considered early embryonic until a crownrump (cr) length of 2.2 cm, and was uniformly distributed at cr 2.2 cm; superficial and basal zones developed by cr 3.2 cm. At cr 10.5 cm, the basal zone in the floor evaginated and formed longitudinal folds. At cr 25.5 cm, the basal zone in the bps evaginated and formed papillae. The core of the longitudinal folds and papillae was formed by the lamina propria, muscularis mucosae, and submucosa. Keratinization was seen at cr 50.5 cm, and the epithelium was stratified squamous epithelium with keratinization, similar to that of the adult buffalo. The floor and lip had a single layer of muscle. A small oblique muscle layer was also found in the concavity of the lip. The correlation between structure and function of the reticular groove is discussed.
Concentrations of plasma C-terminal immunoreactive parathyroid hormone in the standardized research Beagle
Authors: Jorch U. M. , Anderson C. , Delaquerriere-Richardson L. F. O. , Cook M. A. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
To assist in studies of the bone remodeling process, determination was made of plasma concentrations of C-terminal immunoreactive parathyroid hormone in the healthy Beagle dog. Blood samples were obtained from 34 Beagles ranging in age from 2 to 25 months. The values were between 10 and 82 μlEq/ml, with a mean of 36.72 μlEq/ml.
Colonic anastomosis: Evaluation of an end-to-end crushing and inverting technique
Authors: Richardson Daniel C. , Duckett Kermit E. , Krahwinkel D. J. , Shipman L. W. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Two anastomotic techniques of the colon were evaluated in the dog. An end-to-end simple interrupted crushing suture pattern and an end-to-end interrupted inverting (Connell) suture pattern were used with 3-0 polyglycolic acid as the suture material.
Results of clinical evaluations, lasting 28 days, identified no differences between the 2 techniques. Postoperative complications were not encountered during the 28 days. Daily monitoring of hematologic values and temperature demonstrated normal stress responses to the surgical insult, but differences were not noted between the surgical groups.
Evaluations of adhesion formation at necropsy (28th day) showed no statistical difference between the 2 groups, nor were the hematologic values associated with peritonitis and resulting adhesion formation. Adhesions were minimal and did not grossly interfere with mechanical function of the intestines.
Stenosis was marked with the inverting suture pattern, accounting for an average 63% loss of the lumen diameter at the anastomotic site. The crushing pattern averaged 30% loss of diameter. Even though the lumen size at the anastomoses was greatly reduced with the inverting pattern, clinical significance between the 2 groups was not noted.
Bursting pressure studies at postsurgical day 28 showed that the inverting suture pattern achieved equal normal intestinal strength, whereas the crushing technique was significantly weaker. All but 3 specimens burst on the anastomotic line, and all burst on the antimesenteric border.
Histopathologic evaluations at postsurgical day 28 indicated that the end-to-end crushing pattern had less inflammatory response at the anastomosis. Mucosa bridged the anastomotic site and the remaining layers were aligning themselves with minimal fibrous tissue proliferation. The inverting pattern maintained a bud of granulation tissue at the anastomotic site. The mucosa did not bridge this area. Inflammatory cells and fibrous tissue proliferation at the anastomotic site were marked in comparison to the crushing pattern.
Despite these findings, neither technique was proved to be clinically superior in conditioned research dogs.
Oval lipid corneal opacities in Beagles: Ultrastructure of normal Beagle cornea
Authors: Morrin Lynne A. , Waring George O. , Spangler William 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The ultrastructure of normal Beagle cornea was similar to the human cornea, except the Beagle lacked an anterior limiting lamina (Bowman's layer) and banding in the anterior portion of the posterior limiting lamina (Descemet's membrane). The epithelium was an average of 19 cells thick with 3 basic types: squamous, polygonal, and basal. The subepithelial stroma with a mean thickness of 9 μm was hypocellular, and the bundles of collagen were randomly oriented. The majority of the stroma consisted of closely packed, parallel collagen lamellae interspersed with keratocytes and occasional nerve fibers. The posterior limiting lamina was homogeneous and thick with increasing age. The endothelial cells formed a monolayer and had apical tight junctions.
Comparison of aqueous porcine ACTH with synthetic ACTH in adrenal stimulation tests of the female dog
Authors: Feldman E. C. , Stabenfeldt G. H. , Farver T. B. , Addiego L. A. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The adrenocortical (plasma corticosteroid) responses in female dogs given porcine acth in gelatin (1-39 amino acid sequence) and synthetic acth (1-24 amino acid sequence) were compared. Sixteen dogs were used. Each dog underwent 4 different acth stimulation studies, these being done with a 4- to 8-week interval. The studies in each dog included injections of 2 doses of porcine acth—2.2 IU and 4.4 IU/kg of body weight—and of 2 doses of synthetic acth—0.25 mg/dog and 0.50 mg/dog. The dogs were arbitrarily allotted to 4 groups, each group being subjected to a given sequence of stimulation studies.
The purpose in this project was to determine whether the established methods for synthetic and porcine acth stimulation tests had similar results. Statistical analysis of the 4 stimulation methods revealed no significance (P > 0.05) in the resting or poststimulation plasma corticosteroid concentrations. Thus, it was concluded that either recommended method using acth (porcine acth at 2.2 IU/kg or synthetic acth at 0.25 mg/dog) causes maximal secretion of adrenocortical reserve. Either acth preparation, using the established method, can be used interchangeably.
Controlled tests of fenbendazole against migrating Strongylus vulgaris in ponies
Authors: Slocombe J. O. D. , McCraw B. M. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Sixteen pony foals were reared worm-free and inoculated with Strongylus vulgaris. On day 7 after inoculation, 12 ponies were given a fenbendazole 10% suspension at dose rate of 50 mg/kg of body weight by stomach tube. On day 8 after inoculation, 8 of these ponies were given the 2nd treatment of the anthelmintic and on day 9, 4 of these ponies were given the 3rd treatment. (The other 4 of the 16 ponies were given only tap water, as controls.) The ponies were necropsied at death or on day 28 after inoculation. Fenbendazole was effective in minimizing the appearance of clinical signs associated with acute arteritis and was highly efficacious in eliminating early 4th-stage S vulgaris larvae in ponies treated for 3 consecutive days (ie, days 7, 8, and 9). After administration of the anthelmintic, clinical signs of toxicosis were not observed.
In vitro susceptibility of selected isolates of Brucella abortus to penicillin
Authors: Stinebring Warren R. , Kunkel John R. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Brucella abortus isolates (n = 134) from 38 dairy herds in Vermont, Florida, and Canada exhibited 2 growth patterns on medium containing 5 U of penicillin/ml. The B abortus isolates from 7 herds in Vermont were always susceptible to the antibiotic at that concentration. Eleven of 12 isolates from 1 herd in Florida and 25 isolates (biotypes 1 and 4) from 30 Canadian herds grew at ≥ 5 U of penicillin/ml, as determined using a gradient plate method. Penicillin susceptibility may be of value in identifying the source of infections in cattle.
Leukocyte migration-inhibition responses of nonvaccinated and vaccinated heifers to experimental infection with Brucella abortus
Authors: Dorsey T. A. , Deyoe B. L. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The leukocyte migration agarose technique was used to show the leukocyte migration-inhibition responses of nonvaccinated and vaccinated heifers to experimental infection with Brucella abortus. All heifers had increased leukocyte migration inhibition after exposure to B abortus. Nonvaccinated heifers which aborted had the highest responses. The responses of the vaccinated heifers were significantly (P < 0.01) lower than those of nonvaccinated heifers. None of the vaccinated heifers aborted.
Effect of intra-articular injection of orgotein and saline solution on equine synovia
Authors: Wagner A. E. , Mcllwraith C. W. , Martin G. S. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Orgotein was injected into the right intercarpal joint of each of 8 horses; the corresponding left joint was left alone (not injected) or was given an injection of normal saline solution. Injection with orgotein caused a transient, marked inflammatory response, evidenced by clinical signs and by increased leukocytes and total protein in the synovia (synovial fluid). Leukocyte numbers and total protein concentration were increased (P < 0.010) in the orgotein-injected joints within 24 hours. However, saline solution alone also elicited a marked inflammatory response, manifested by increased leukocyte count and total protein concentration. By 7 days, leukocyte and total protein values had returned to approximately base line in all joints.
Renal function of the pony and the horse
Authors: Zatzman M. L. , Clarke L. , Ray W. J. , Garner H. E. , Traver D. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Simultaneous renal clearances of inulin (CIN), p-aminohippurate (CPAH), and creatinine (CCR) were measured in hydrated mares (6 ponies and 2 horses). The CIN and CPAH were determined during steady-state infusion at 3 different infusion rates. A 6-fold change in plasma in concentration did not produce alteration in CIN, nor was there a difference between the ponies and horses (P > 0.2). The overall average (mean ± sem) was 190.6 ± 5.89 ml · min-1 · 100 kg of body weight-1. There was no difference noted between simultaneous CIN and CPAH. Clearance of pah remained essentially constant during the change in plasma pah from 0.33 mg/dl to 5.27 mg/dl. The extraction ratio of pah for the nonanesthetized pony was 0.966. Effective renal plasma flow (CPAH) of the pony exceeded that of the horse.
Long-term effect of Bordetella bronchiseptica infection in neonatal pigs
Authors: Underdahl Norman R. , Socha Thomas E. , Doster Alan R. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A total of 62 gnotobiotic pigs were inoculated with Bordetella bronchiseptica at 7 days of age. There were 25 noninoculated controls. Thirteen of the inoculated pigs were killed and 6 pigs which died were examined between 3 and 5 weeks after inoculations were done (group A). Of these 19 pigs, 16 had severe pneumonia and B bronchiseptica was isolated from the lungs of 17. The turbinates in most of the pigs appeared to have some atrophy.
Four other pigs died of pneumonia after they were transferred to the floor in isolation rooms, and 9 inoculated pigs were examined at necropsy at about 112 days of age (group B). Bordetella bronchiseptica was isolated from 8 of the latter 9 pigs, and 7 of the pigs had pneumonic lesions. The turbinates all appeared normal.Thirty inoculated pigs (group C) were killed at 180 days of age. Of these, 22 had pneumonic lesions. Bordetella bronchiseptica was reisolated from the turbinates of 2 of 30 pigs, although the turbinates in all appeared normal.
The noninoculated controls examined at necropsy at 3 to 5 weeks, 112 days, and 180 days of age did not have any pulmonic lesions, and their turbinates appeared normal.The inoculated pigs killed at 112 days of age gained an average of 0.25 kg/day, and the control pigs gained 0.31 kg. At 180 days of age, the inoculated pigs had gained 0.41 kg/ day and the controls, 0.49 kg.
Bordetella bronchiseptica infection in susceptible pigs can cause a severe pneumonia which can persist and reduce the growth rate.
Antibodies to spotted fever-group rickettsiae in dogs and prevalence of infected ticks in southern Connecticut
Authors: Magnarelli Louis A. , Anderson John F. , Philip Robert N. , Burgdorfer Willy 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Blood samples and ticks were obtained from dogs to assess canine exposure to spotted fever-group (sfg) rickettsiae during 1978-1980 in southern Connecticut. Of the 1,576 dog sera screened by microimmunofluorescence, 174 (11.0%) contained specific antibodies at titers ≥ 1:64 against Rickettsia montana (n = 34), R rickettsii (n = 31), R rhipicephali (n = 19), or the unclassified 369-C rickettsia (n = 90). End points ≥ 1:8,192 to R rickettsii and to R rhipicephali were recorded for 6 and 3 sera, respectively. Seropositivity rates from southwestern and southeastern Connecticut were similar (about 11%), with positive sera obtained from each region in nearly all months of the investigation. Rates were between 10% for dogs 2 to 7 years old and 14% for those ≥ 8 years. Eight of 629 Dermacentor variabilis, 1 of 18 Ixodes dammini, and 2 of 3 Amblyomma americanum were positive by direct immunofluorescence for sfg rickettsiae. Thirteen D variabilis contained unidentified, long, bacillus-like organisms that differed from the short, ovoid (coccal) forms typical of the spotted-fever agent, R rickettsii. With the exposure to infected ticks and production of type-specific antibodies against at least 4 sfg antigens, dogs may serve as suitable enzootic or epizootic indicators of rickettsial activity.
Ultrastructural changes in livers of young and aging rats exposed to methylated benzenes
Authors: Bowers Daniel E. , Cannon M. Samuel , Jones Daniel H. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Ultrastructural examination was conducted on livers of young rats which were given (intraperitoneal injection) several methylated benzenes (73 mg/kg of body weight) for 3 consecutive days and on livers of aging rats (12 to 19 months old) which were fed methylated benzenes in the diet (200 mg/1,000 g of feed) for periods of 1, 2, 3, and 6 months. The young animals demonstrated white, raised, nodular lesions along the free margins of the liver. The lesions in young animals consisted of lipid droplets surrounded by macrophages and fibroblasts. Some fibroblasts in these lesions appeared to be active in collagen synthesis. Mast cells and eosinophils also occurred in the lesions. Hepatocytes in these young animals appeared morphologically normal.
In contrast, hepatocytes in the aging rats developed 2 types of vacuoles. The 1st type of vacuole was bound by a double-unit membrane—the outer unit membrane possibly derived from smooth endoplasmic reticulum; it contained a mottled, globular, electron-lucent material. The 2nd type of vacuole was peripherally located in hepatocytes, was single membrane-bound, and occasionally was observed opening into the space of Disse (spatium perisinusoideum). Our observations indicated that acute exposure (3 days) to at least some methylated benzenes does not cause ultrastructurally observable abnormalities in hepatocytes of young rats, but chronic oral ingestion of some can cause formation of vacuolar structures in aging rat hepatocytes.
Prevalence and distribution of Haemophilus somnus in the male bovine reproductive tract
Authors: Humphrey J. D. , Little P. B. , Stephens L. R. , Barnum D. A. , Doig P. A. , Thorsen J. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
“Haemophilus somnus” was isolated from 77% of 31 reproductive tracts of bulls from an Ontario slaughterhouse. Identification of H somnus was based on morphologic and cultural characteristics and on fluorescent antibody and immunodiffusion tests, using antisera prepared against a known pathogenic encephalitic isolate of H somnus. The infection rate and distribution of H somnus within the tract were as follows: preputial orifice—71% preputial cavity—71%; urinary bladder—26%; accessory sex glands—19% and ampulla of ductus deferens—10%. Isolates were not obtained from the testes or epididymides. On 2 occasions, H somnus was isolated in pure culture from the preputial cavity. A higher prevalence of infection was found in young bulls. There were no differences found in infection rates between breeds. Differences in hemolytic activity and minor antigenic variation between isolates indicated that a series of biotypes within the species H somnus may exist. The study indicates that organisms presently identified as H somnus may normally form part of the flora of the bovine prepuce and that dissemination from the male bovine reproductive tract is one possible means of infection in H somnus-associated diseases. The pathogenic significance of genital isolates of H somnus awaits further study.
Effect of glucose administration on equine fasting hyperbilirubinemia
Authors: Gronwall Ronald , Engelking Larry R. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The effects of several treatments and their routes of administration on the reduction of hyperbilirubinemia in 9 pony mares after a 3-day fast were studied. Treatments were as follows: glucose given at doses of 1.2, 2.4, and 3.7 mg/min/kg of body weight; refeeding the base-line diet; feeding straw; and iv administration of taurocholic acid at a dosage of 0.07 μmol/min/kg.The 3 glucose dosages were each given by 3 different routes: iv, intraduodenal, and intragastric. The smallest dosage of glucose given by iv route reduced the plasma bilirubin concentration only 7%, even though other measured values associated with fasting returned toward their base line; increased free fatty acid concentration was reduced by 50%; plasma insulin increased above base-line values. Except for the smallest glucose dose given by iv route, the effects of the routes of administration (iv < intraduodenal < intragastric) and of the doses of glucose were not significantly different.Taurocholic acid (given iv) was ineffective in reducing the plasma fasting bilirubin concentration. Refeeding the base-line diet reduced the hyperbilirubinemia by 66% in 12 hours, which was a significantly greater reduction than the effect of all other treatments except the largest dose of glucose given by intragastric route. Feeding straw was less effective than refeeding, causing only about a 30% reduction.
Carboxyhemoglobin values in swine relative to carbon monoxide exposure: Guidelines for monitoring animal and human health hazards in swine-confinement buildings
Authors: Donham Kelley J. , Carson T. L. , Adrian Burton R. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Miniature pigs were exposed, in an environmental chamber, to 55 mg of CO/m3 of air, 110 mg/m3, 220 mg/m3, or 330 mg/m3. Blood samples were taken from the swine every hour over an exposure period of 6 or 8 hours. After the pigs were removed from the chamber, blood samples were taken every 30 minutes for an additional 3 hours. The blood samples were measured by spectrophotometry for the amount of carboxyhemoglobin (COHb).On exposure to CO, the COHb values in the pigs increased in a linear fashion during the first 2 hours, then began to level off, reaching a peak concentration at 6 to 8 hours. The percentage of COHb in the blood after 6 hours' exposure to the different amounts of CO were as follows: 55 mg/m3 - 5%, 110 mg/m3 - 10.5%, 220 mg/m3 - 20%, and 330 mg/m3 — 27.2%. There was a linear relationship between the amount of CO exposure and the peak blood value of COHb.The present data provide guidelines for the use of COHb measurement in swine as a means to monitor the environment in swine-confinement buildings for potentially dangerous amounts of CO for swine and persons and to aid in the diagnosis of CO-induced perinatal disease in swine.
Failure of swine influenza virus to cause transplacental infection of porcine fetuses
Authors: Brown T. T. , Mengeling W. L. , Pirtle E. E. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Nine pregnant gilts, seronegative to swine influenza virus (siv), were inoculated by various routes with different quantities and strains of siv. Fetuses which were collected from the gilts at different times after inoculations were done and newborn pigs were examined for evidence of transplacental siv infection. Gilts remained clinically healthy after virus inoculation, and evidence of siv infection was not found in any of the fetuses or newborn pigs.
Effect of peripheral anosmia on dogs trained as flavor validators
Authors: Houpt Katherine A. , Davis Peter P. , Hintz Harold F. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The importance of olfaction in perception of flavor by flavor-validating dogs was studied. The flavor-validation technique is widely used by pet food manufacturers to determine if a given formula is perceived by dogs as having the flavor of a specific meat. Five Beagles were trained as flavor validators; 2 dogs were trained to select beef and 3 to select lamb from a panel of 4 meats. When the dogs had been trained to select the correct meat on 100% of the trials, they were made anosmic. Reversible peripheral anosmia was produced in the dogs by inflating a cuff on a surgically implanted tracheostomy tube. When the cuff was inflated, air entered the trachea via the tracheostomy tube, rather than via the nasal cavity, and the percentage of correct choices on the flavor-validating test fell to 62 ± 14%. When the tracheostomy tubes were removed, performance returned to 100% correct.
The nasal cavities of 3 dogs were infused with zinc sulfate to produce a more complete and longer-lasting anosmia. The percentage of correct choice on the flavor-validation test fell to 24 ± 5%. These findings indicate that the flavor-validation test is based primarily on one sensory modality, that of olfaction; therefore, formulas selected by flavor-validating dogs may smell similar to the specific meat, but do not necessarily taste similar to that meat.