bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Studying some Immunological and Hormonal profiles in Infertile Male
Authors: Ahmad Sahar M. , Hussain Talib A. , Ad'hiah Ali H. 
Published: March 2024

The present study was designed to evaluate the immunological status in a sample of Iraqi males with primary infertility and them age range18-55 years, who were attending the Centre of Infertility and in vitro Fertilization (Kamal Al-Samaraie Hospital, Baghdad) during the period December 2008 – April 2009. They were divided into three groups; 40 patients with anti-sperm antibodies (ASA), 20 patients with Asthenozoospermia (AST) and 20 patients with azoospermia (AZO). In adition to20 fertile males was as control group. The parameters of evaluations were standard seminal fluid analysis, anti-sperm antibodies and anti-mitochondrial antibodies in serum, Therefore, two types of samples were collected from each subject; seminal fluid and blood.
The following results were obtained:
1.	There was a significant (P ? 0.05) decrease count of sperms in ASA (44.6 x 106 sperm/ml) and AST (46.9 x 106 sperm/ml) patients as compared to controls (63.2 x 106 sperm/ml) but the the result with in normal limit.
2.	Serum anti-sperm antibodies were positive in 100.% of ASA patients, while in AZO patients, a much lower percentage was observed (25% for serum), and a much lower percentage was observed in controls (5% for serum but these influence were not clear). In contrast, none of the AST patients were positive ASA. These results were positively correlated with the corresponding serum and seminal fluid level, and the highest level was observed in ASA patients (107.6 U/ml). These differences were statistically significant.
3.	Serum AMA showed different percentages in ASA, AST and AZO patients and controls (37.5, 25.0 and 20.0, 15.0%, respectively), but these differences were not significant. However, their serum level was significantly increased in ASA patients as compared to controls (11.9 vs. 6.5 U/ml).
Evaluation the efficiency of Trichomonas vaginalis depending on clinical sings , direct examination ,culturing and serological test
Authors: Mushref Ekhlas , Jassim Amna Nsyif , Adhiah Ali H. 
Published: March 2024

The adequacy of diagnostic tests, together with trichomoniasis associated clinical symptoms, were investigated in females suffering vaginitis, and they were referred to the Gynecology Department, Al-Yarmouk Teaching Hospital during the period December 2004 – June 2005. The total number of patients was 250 cases (age range: 18 - 52 years), and each patient was examined using a sterile speculum to obtain vaginal swabs for examination. The diagnosis with T. vaginalis was done in many methods. The direct methods included wet and stained (Leishman's stain) examinations and cultivation in different culture media (Kupferberg Trichomonas Broth Base;, Trichomonas Agar Base; TAB and Trichomonas Modified CPLM), while the indirect methods were serological detections of anti-trichomonas antibodies in the sera of patients by using of indirect haemagglutination test (IHAT) and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results of this profile were as the following:
1.	Out of 250 females with abnormal vaginal discharges, 15 patients (6%) were infected with T. vaginalis.
2.	The sensitivity of testing methods was different. It was 66.7 and 13.3% for wet and stained examinations, respectively. In culture examinations, the sensitivity was 60, 80 and 100% for Kupferberg, TAB and CPLM media, respectively, while the sensitivity IHAT and ELISA were 40 and 73.3%, respectively.
3.	The clinical sings of infection in women were discharge and itching (46.7%), discharge with itching and dysuria (20.0%), discharge only (13.3%), itching only (13.3%) and discharge with dysuria (6.7%).
Therefore we can conclude that impossible to the clinical signs in diagnose of Trichomonasis because of the variation and the laboratory diagnosis is necessary especially the cultivation method.
Isolation and identification of the Myxobacterium Myxococcus fulvus from the Farms and study the inhibitory effect of cells and filtrates against pathogenic fungi
Authors: Razzaq Halah A.H. Abdul 
Published: March 2024

The study was performed to isolate and identify the Myxococcus fulvus from the one hundred samples of soils of farms. Special growth conditions had been used to support the growth of M.fulvus local isolates and suppressed the growth of other microorganisms like
(Drying , High Temperature , High concentration of antibiotics and specific growth media ) M.fulvus isolates had been subjected to the morphological, cultural , biochemical examination for identification , as well as , study the inhibitory activites of cells and filtrates of localized isolates against some pathogenic fungi include (Trichophyton mentagrophytes , Microsporum gypseum , Aspergillus niger and Fusarium oxyporum ) by using three methods :- Cup assay , well diffusion and mixed culture , Results obtaind could be summarized as follows :-
1.	(20) out of (100) soil samples , M.fulvus isolated as fruiting bodies depending on baiting technique by bacterial bait.
2.	The media casiton – yeast extract agar was suitable for obtaind the best growth of vegetative swarms as pure culture .
3.	(8) local isolates were showed inhibitory effect against all of the tested pathogenic fungi .
4.	The concentrated filtrates of (3) local isolates were showed highly inhibitory effect than their unconcentrated filtrates against all of the tested pathogenic fungi .
Studying HLA class I polymorphism in brain tumour patients
Authors: Turki Salwa G , Jassim Amna N , Ad’hia Ali H 
Published: March 2024

The present study aimed at shed light on the association between HLA-class I antigens (A, B and Cw) and brain tumours (meningioma and glioma) in the basis of their individual frequencies or two-locus association	A total of 52 brain tumour patients were enrolled in this study, with an age range of 7-68 years. The patients were divided into two clinical groups; meningioma (20 cases) and glioma (22 cases), while the remaining 10 cases represented other types of brain tumour. Control samples included 47 Iraqi Arab apparently healthy blood volunteers, with an age range of 15-50 year. Three HLA antigens showed a significant increased frequency in total patients as compared to controls. They were B13 (34.6 vs. 6.5%), B40 (15.4 vs. 2.2%) and Cw3 (15.4 vs. 2.2%). In contrast, B5 was significantly decreased (15.4 vs. 34.8%). In meningioma patients, only B13 was significantly increased (35.0 vs. 6.5%), while in glioma patients, B13 (36.4 vs. 6.5%) and Cw5 (36.4 vs. 2.2%) were significantly increased. Variations between patients and controls have been also encountered for the observed and expected HLA-two locus associations (B13-Cw3, B13-Cw5 and B40-Cw5).
Comparative study of oxidative stress in diabetes mellitus
Authors: Ali Widad Jouma Hamid , Ali Ragaa KH. , Fallouji Saad Al 
Published: March 2024

The aim of the study was comparative between oxidative stress in diabetes mellitus using the measurement of some biophysical and biochemical parameters on two groups of diabetic patients, were conducted in the Al-Yarmuk Teaching Hospital,30 patients insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) or type 1 ,their ages ranged between (15-45) and30 patients non- insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) or type 2,their ages ranged between (42-65).This study has been compared with 30 healthy subjects.	The present study was demonstrated to evaluate the alteration in oxidative stress as measured by plasma and red blood cells Malondialdehyde (MDA) andchanges in antioxidant mechanism as measured by plasma and red blood cells Glutathione (GSH) in patients with diabetes mellitus type 1 and type 2,in compares to healthy control group. The results showed significant increment in serum Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels ,and significant decrease in serum glutathione (GSH) levels of Diabetic patients (IDDM), (NIDDM)),compared with control.	Total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) and low density lipoprotein (LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL), Diabetic patients (IDDM),and (NIDDM)patients showed significant increases in LDL levels. LDLs and very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDLs) the so-called “bad” cholesterols. Unlike HDLs, LDLs and VLDLs are high-cholesterol particles and significant decrease in HDL compared with control	Oxidative stress results when free radicals increase more than antioxidants which is naturally synthesis in the body, then causes changing in the cells accure by oxidative stress.
Synthesis, Characterization and Antimicrobial Screening of New Schiff Bases Linked to Phthalimidyl Phenyl Sulfonate Moiety
Authors: Al-Azzawi Ahlam M. , Al-Razzak Marwa S. Abd 
Published: March 2024

A series of Schiff bases linked to phthalimidyl phenyl sulfonate moiety have been synthesized via multistep synthesis.	The first step involved reaction of phthalic anhydride with aniline producing N-phenyl phthalamic acid which was subsequently dehydrated to the corresponding N-phenyl phthalimide via treatment with acetic anhydride and anhydrous sodium acetate. The synthesized imide was treated with chlorosulfonic acid in the third step producing 4-(N-phthalimidyl) phenyl sulfonyl chloride which was introduced in reaction with 4-hydroxy acetophenone in the fourth step producing 4-[4-(N-phthalimidyl) phenyl sulfonate] acetophenone and this in turn was introduced successfully in condensation reaction with various aromatic primary amines affording the desired new Schiff bases. The newly synthesized compounds were characterized through spectral data including FTIR, 1HNMR and 13CNMR. Antimicrobial activity of the prepared Schiff bases was evaluated against two types of bacteria and one type of fungi and the new Schiff bases were found to exhibit good antimicrobial activity against the tested organisms.
An Investigation of Gas-Fingering Behavior during CO2 Flooding in Acid Stimulation Formations
Authors: Li Longlong , Jia Cunqi , Yao Jun , Sepehrnoori Kamy , Abushaikha Ahmad , Liu Yuewu 
Published: March 2024

Summary
CO2 flooding is emerging as a pivotal technique used extensively for carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) strategies. Acid stimulation is one common technique widely used to improve well-formation connectivity by creating wormholes. This work is motivated to investigate the gas-fingering behavior induced by acid stimulation during CO2 flooding. We present an integrated simulation framework to couple the acid stimulation and CO2 flooding processes, in which the two-scale continuum model is used to model the development of wormhole dissolution patterns. Then, sensitivity case simulations are conducted through the equation of state (EOS)–based compositional model to further analyze the CO2 fingering behavior in acid stimulation formations separately under immiscible and miscible conditions. Results demonstrate that for acid stimulation, the typical dissolution patterns and the optimal acid injection rate corresponding to the minimum acid breakthrough volume observed in the laboratory are prevalent in field-scale simulations. For CO2 flooding simulation, the dissolution patterns trigger CO2 fingering (bypassing due to the high conductivity of wormholes) in the stimulated region, and a lateral boundary effect eliminating fingers exerts its influence over the system through transverse mixing. The optimal acid injection rate varies when the focus of interest changes from the minimum acid breakthrough volume to CO2 flooding performance. The best CO2 flooding performance is always observed in uniform dissolution, and the dissolution patterns have a greater influence on the performance under miscible conditions. This work provides technical and theoretical support for the practical application of acid stimulation and CO2 flooding.
A Comparative Predicting ML Model for Compressive Strength of Fly Ash/GGBFS Geopolymer Concrete
Authors: Paswan Rakesh , Pain Anindya , Sonkar Chanchal , Sahdeo Surya Kant 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

This research investigated the prediction of compressive strength in fly ash/GGBFS geopolymer concrete using three machine learning techniques: artificial neural network (ANN), multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS), and MultiGene Genetic Programming (MGGP). The performance of these techniques was compared with traditional linear and nonlinear methods. Evaluation metrics such as correlation coefficient (R), root mean square error (RMSE), and mean absolute error (MAE) were used, along with Taylor diagrams, to conduct a thorough comparative analysis of the prediction models. Sensitivity and parametric analyses were performed to assess the contribution and effectiveness of individual input variables. The results indicated that MGGP outperformed the other models in predicting the compressive strength of fly ash/GGBFS geopolymer concrete. The study demonstrates the potential of predictive tools for concrete strength and emphasizes the importance of considering input parameters' impact on strength prediction. Experimental validation of the selected model further supported its accuracy.
Patient perspectives on their outcomes from strabismus surgery undertaken for psychosocial reasons
Authors: Arblaster Gemma , Davis Helen , Buckley David , Barnes Sarah 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
Strabismus surgery undertaken for psychosocial reasons aims to align the eyes in a straighter position, reduce the psychosocial symptoms experienced and improve health related quality of life (HRQoL). Greater evidence of the postoperative outcomes in adults undergoing strabismus surgery for psychosocial reasons is required to inform funding and commissioning decisions about strabismus surgery.
Methods
Semi-structured interviews were conducted with adults who had previously undergone strabismus surgery for psychosocial reasons to explore their perceptions of their postoperative outcomes. Maximum variation sampling was used to recruit males and females, younger and older participants. Interviews were transcribed and analysed using thematic analysis following the principles of grounded theory.
Results
Thirteen adults were recruited and interviewed, mean 12.2 months postoperatively (range 4.5-20 months). Participants reported a range of improvements in vision, task performance, physical symptoms and confidence and emotions. Some worsening of physical symptoms was reported.
Conclusion
Despite undergoing strabismus surgery for psychosocial reasons, a range of improvements in vision, task performance and physical symptoms were reported by adult patients postoperatively, in addition to the expected improvements in confidence and emotions.
Reducing GPS orbital and clocks errors using recurrent neural networks
Authors: Bousnane Akram Abderrahaman , Berguig Mohamed Cherif , Dekkiche Hicham 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Because satellite orbits and clocks are usually treated as known quantities in GPS positioning models, these errors are one of the most impactful in Global Navigation satellite system (GNSS) positioning, especially in single point positioning mode. In this work we tried to reduce orbit and clock errors using deep learning technique (recurrent neural network) by creating a model that predict the offsets of broadcast ephemeris and clock biases, from precise products. We tried two different methods, the first one is predicting the future offsets for the next + 72 hours basing on both precise and broadcast ephemeris, and the second method is predicting the current offsets using only broadcast ephemeris as inputs. To create the models, we used Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) and Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) architectures. These architectures are generally used to solve sequential problems in deep learning. We got results that vary between methods in terms of satellites and time steps. For the first method we get (10-50cm) and (0.5-1.7ns) reduced from (~ 130cm, ~ 14ns), It increases over time steps, and we get a minimum of (44cm) for the second method.
Universal salt-assisted assembly of MXene from solution on polymers
Authors: Li Bo , Zhao Liang , Bi Lingyi , Hu Jiayue , Gao Guanhui , Zhang Danzhen , Li Yun , Flynn Aidan , Zhang Teng , Wang Ruocun , Cheng Xuemei , Liu Ling , Gogotsi Yury 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Two-dimensional carbides and nitrides known as MXenes are promising water-processable coating materials with excellent electrical conductivity, and thermal and optical properties1. However, deposition of hydrophilic MXene nanosheets on inert and/or hydrophobic surfaces of polymer or textiles requires plasma treatment or chemical surface modification2,3. Herein, we demonstrate a universal salt-assisted assembly from a solution that produces ultra-thin and uniform MXene coatings with outstanding mechanical stability and washability on diverse polymers, including high-performance polymers for applications under extreme temperature conditions. The salt added to the Ti3C2Tx aqueous colloid neutralizes MXene’s surface charge and deposits MXene onto the polymer surface. Molecular dynamics simulations suggest a decreasing interlayer spacing due to the expulsion of water molecules and anions, while cations are trapped between the MXene layers. A library of salts has been used to tailor the assembly kinetics and coating morphology. A 170 nm MXene coating for thermal management enables a ~200 °C radiation temperature drop on a 300 °C PEEK substrate, greatly decreasing energy loss. Joule heating of Kevlar fabric with ~870 nm MXene coating using a 4 V battery sustains comfortable for human conditions at -80 °C outside temperature and can be used in extreme environments such as outer space, polar regions, and high altitudes.
Comparison of three machine learning methods in identification of major bleeding events in postoperative patients with malignant tumors
Authors: Li Hui , Yao Haiyang , Gao Yuxiang , Luo Hang , Cai Changbin , Zhou Zhou , Yuan Muhan , Jiang Wei 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
To develop a machine learning model tool for identifying postoperative patients with major bleeding based on electronic medical record system.
Methods
This study used the available information in the National Health and Medical Big Data (Eastern) Center in Jiangsu Province of China. We randomly selected the medical records of 2,000 patients who underwent in-hospital tumor resection surgery between January 2018 and December 2021 from the database. Physicians classified each note as present or absent for a major bleeding event during the postoperative hospital stay. Feature engineering was created by bleeding expressions, high frequency related expressions and quantitative logical judgment. Logistic regression (LR), K-nearest neighbor (KNN), and convolutional neural network(CNN) were developed and trained using the 1600-note training set. The main outcomes were accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value for each model.
Results
Major bleeding was present in 4.31% of training set and 4.75% of test set. For the training set, LR method has the sensitivity of 1.0000 and specificity of 0.8152 while CNN method has the sensitivity of 0.9710 and specificity of 0.9027. LR and CNN methods both perform well in the sensitivity and specificity in the test set. Although the KNN method has high specificity in the training set and test set, its sensitivity is very low in both sets.
Conclusions
Both LR method and CNN method perform well in identifying major bleeding occurring in postoperative patients with malignant tumors, with high sensitivity and specificity.
Enabling biocontained plant virus transmission studies through establishment of an axenic whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) colony on plant tissue culture
Authors: Curtis Wayne , Thompson Natalie , Krum David , Chen Yun-Ru , Torres Mariela , Trauger Marena , Strike Dalton , Weston Zachary , Polston Jane 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Whiteflies (Bemisia tabaci) and the diseases they transmit are active enemies of global crop yield and therefore multidisciplinary studies involving plant-insect-virus interactions are needed. Presented here is the establishment of a colony of axenic (culturable microorganism free) whiteflies on tissue-cultured plants. Colony establishment was achieved with a surface sterilization of whitefly eggs laid on axenic phototrophically tissue-cultured plants. The recovery and transfer of emerging whiteflies through coupled tissue culture vessels to new axenic plants allows robust subculturing and produces hundreds of whitefly adults per month in a 1.1 L tissue culture vessel. Whitefly proliferation on more than a dozen plant species is shown as well as in vitro testing of whitefly preference for different plants. This novel axenic system provides the high-level of biocontainment needed to conduct virus transmission experiments. Axenic whitefly adults were able to acquire and transmit a begomovirus from tissue-cultured plants, indicating the irrelevance of culturable gut microorganisms in virus transmission. The methodology described here could be used to address a wide range of questions regarding whiteflies and plant virus transmission without the expense, facilities, and contamination risks associated with standard approaches.
An ecological approach to understanding transitions and tensions in complex learning contexts
Authors: McCrone Luke , Kingsbury Martyn 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

The move away from transmission-based lecturing towards a more student-centred active learning approach is well evidenced in STEM higher education. However, the examination of active learning has remained generally confined to formal timetabled contexts, with assumptions made that students independently manage the transition between timetabled and non-timetabled learning. This paper introduces research findings from a mixed method study which used an ecological approach when investigating student transitions between a formal lecture theatre and adjacent informal breakout space in a UK STEM university. Using quantitative occupancy monitoring data to analyse usage patterns of both spaces, in combination with qualitative ethnographic observations and field interviews, permitted a purposeful exploration of student engagement with transitions within and between the two learning spaces. The ecological approach aided the discovery of spatial, pedagogic and agentic transitions and tensions, which subsequently informed strategic modification of space across the institution to facilitate adoption of active learning pedagogy.
MCM5 is an oncogenic driver in glioma progression through regulating cell cycle
Authors: Ye Yunfeng , Song Beibei , Cheng Hongwei 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background: Minichromosome maintenance protein 5 (MCM5) has been found to be a new oncogene in many cancers. However, its role in glioma remains unclear. Therefore, we mainly plan to investigate the potential mechanism of MCM5 in glioma.
Methods: Bioinformatics tools were employed to evaluate the expression of MCM5 in glioma and its relationship with clinicopathological characteristics. GEPIA database was applied to assess the prognostic value of MCM5 in glioma, and functional enrichment analysis of MCM5 was also performed. Subsequently, we further investigated the effects of MCM5 on cell functions through cell experiments like scratch, Transwell, and flow cytometry experiments.
Results: MCM5 was overexpressed in glioma, and its expression level significantly affected the disease-free survival and overall survival of glioma patients. Besides, the expression level of MCM5 was positively correlated with Th2 cell, aCD and other immune cells. Gene enrichment analysis suggested that MCM5 might be involved in tumorigenesis by regulating DNA replication process. In vitro experiments showed that MCM5 promoted the cell proliferation, migration, and cell cycle in glioma.
Conclusion: By bioinformatics analysis and cell experiments, MCM5 is found to promote the progression of glioma by accelerating cell cycle, and it could be an independent factor for prognostic prediction in glioma. These findings will provide new clues for the mechanism exploration and prognostic prediction of glioma.