bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Overexpression of the dual specificity phosphatase, Cdc25C, confers sensitivity on tumor cells to doxorubicin-induced cell death
Authors: Varmeh Shohreh , Manfredi James J. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractCdc25C is a dual-specificity phosphatase that is involved in induction of mitosis by removal of the inhibitory phosphates from cyclin-dependent kinase 1/cyclin B. In this study, adenovirus-mediated overexpression of Cdc25C sensitizes U2OS tumor cells to doxorubicin-induced apoptosis. U2OS cells that stably overexpress Cdc25C are also sensitized to doxorubicin-induced cell death. These cells show reduced phosphorylation of cyclin-dependent kinase 1 on Tyr15 and impaired up-regulation of p21 in response to treatment with doxorubicin. In contrast to doxorubicin, overexpression of Cdc25C does not confer sensitivity to apoptosis on treatment with 5-fluorouracil or hydroxyurea. This sensitization of tumor cells to doxorubicin-induced cell death by overexpression of Cdc25C is not p53 dependent. Intriguingly, nontransformed MCF10A cells are not sensitized to doxorubicin treatment by overexpression of Cdc25C nor does the lack of Cdc25C affect cell cycle progression or the G2 arrest caused by doxorubicin. These results support the idea that a combination of overexpressing Cdc25C with treatment with conventional genotoxic agents should be given serious considerations as a novel therapeutic strategy. [Mol Cancer Ther 2008;7(12):3789–99]
Menin Promotes the Wnt Signaling Pathway in Pancreatic Endocrine Cells
Authors: Chen Gao , A Jingbo , Wang Min , Farley Steven , Lee Lung-Yi , Lee Lung-Ching , Sawicki Mark P. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
Menin is a tumor suppressor protein mutated in patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1. We show that menin is essential for canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling in cultured rodent islet tumor cells. In these cells, overexpression of menin significantly enhances TCF gene assay reporter activity in response to β-catenin activation. Contrastingly, inhibition of menin expression with Men1 siRNA decreases TCF reporter gene activity. Likewise, multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 disease associated missense mutations of menin abrogate the ability to increase TCF reporter gene activity. We show that menin physically interacts with proteins involved in the canonical Wnt signaling pathway, including β-catenin, TCF3 (TCFL1), and weakly with TCF4 (TCFL2). Menin overexpression increases expression of the Wnt/β-catenin downstream target gene Axin2, which is associated with increased H3K4 trimethylation of the Axin2 gene promoter. Moreover, inhibition of menin expression by siRNA abrogates H3K4 trimethylation and Axin2 gene expression. Based on these studies, we hypothesized that Wnt signaling could inhibit islet cell proliferation because loss of menin function is thought to increase endocrine tumor cell proliferation. TGP61 rodent islet tumor cells treated with a glycogen synthase kinase 3β inhibitor that increases Wnt pathway signaling had decreased cell proliferation compared with vehicle-treated cells. Collectively, these data suggest that menin has an essential role in Wnt/β-catenin signaling through a mechanism that eventually affects histone trimethylation of the downstream target gene Axin2, and activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling inhibits islet tumor cell proliferation. (Mol Cancer Res 2008;6(12):1894–907)
EWS-Fli1 Up-Regulates Expression of the Aurora A and Aurora B Kinases
Authors: Wakahara Kazuhiko , Ohno Takatoshi , Kimura Masashi , Masuda Takahiro , Nozawa Satoshi , Dohjima Taikoh , Yamamoto Takatoshi , Nagano Akihito , Kawai Gou , Matsuhashi Aya , Saitoh Mitsuru , Takigami Iori , Okano Yukio , Shimizu Katsuji 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
EWS-Fli1, a fusion gene resulting from the chromosomal translocation t(11;22, q24;q12), encodes a transcriptional activator, promotes cellular transformation, and is often found in Ewing sarcoma and primitive neuroectodermal tumor. The Aurora A and Aurora B kinases belong to a highly conserved family of serine/threonine protein kinases, are tightly regulated during the cell cycle, and are overexpressed in many carcinomas. Because the relationship between the Aurora A and/or Aurora B genes and the EWS-Fli1 fusion gene is unknown, we investigated the regulatory mechanism(s) by which Aurora kinases are controlled. Knockdown of EWS-Fli1 by small interfering RNA reduced mRNA levels not only of EWS-Fli1 but also of Aurora A and Aurora B. Luciferase assay using Aurora A and Aurora B promoters showed up-regulated activities compared with those of an empty vector. Experiments with deletion and point mutants showed positive regulatory Ets-binding sites located −84 and −71 bp upstream of the transcription initiation sites in Aurora A and Aurora B, respectively. Moreover, chromatin immunoprecipitation assay revealed that EWS-Fli1 gene products interact with both the Aurora A and Aurora B promoters. These results strongly suggest that the mitotic kinases Aurora A and Aurora B are regulated by EWS-Fli1 fusion protein in Ewing sarcoma cells. (Mol Cancer Res 2008;6(12):1937–45)
Influence of Exogenous Tissue Factor on Estrogen Receptorα Expression in Breast Cancer Cells: Involvement of β1-Integrin, PAR2, and Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Activation
Authors: Collier Mary E.W. , Li Chao , Ettelaie Camille 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
Increased expression of tissue factor (TF) has been associated with invasive forms of breast cancer. Conversely, the loss of estrogen receptor α (ERα) is associated with increased cell invasiveness. We have examined the influence of exogenous truncated recombinant TF (rTF) on ERα expression and cell invasiveness and investigated the mechanism of rTF signaling. The influence of rTF on ERα expression in MCF-7 and T47D cell lines was investigated using reverse transcription-PCR and ELISA. Cell invasion was measured using Boyden chamber-based invasion assays. Additionally, the interaction of fluorescein-labeled rTF with the surface of MCF-7 cells and particularly with β1-integrin was examined. Treatment of cells with rTF resulted in the down-regulation of ERα mRNA and protein over 24 h, which required β1-integrin and involved the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway but did not require PAR2 activation. The addition of rTF reduced estradiol-mediated cell proliferation as well as increased cell invasiveness requiring both PAR2 and β1-integrin activation. Fluorescein-labeled rTF was shown to bind to the surface of MCF-7 cells within 5 min and peaked at 15 min. The bound rTF colocalized with cellular β1-integrin and was disrupted in the presence of excess unlabeled rTF and an anti-β1 polyclonal antibody. Finally, affinity purification of β1-integrin using rTF-conjugated agarose showed a requirement for the presence of divalent cations but not factor VIIa. The results indicate that rTF is capable of down-regulating ERα expression in breast cancer cells, resulting in decreases in estrogen-mediated cell proliferation and increased invasiveness. Furthermore, the mechanisms by which rTF induces these changes involve both PAR2 and β1-integrin. (Mol Cancer Res 2008;6(12):1807–18)
The EphA2 Receptor and EphrinA1 Ligand in Solid Tumors: Function and Therapeutic Targeting
Authors: Wykosky Jill , Debinski Waldemar 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe Eph receptor tyrosine kinases and ephrin ligands have been studied extensively for their roles in developmental processes. In recent years, Eph receptors and ephrins have been found to be integral players in cancer formation and progression. Among these are EphA2 and ephrinA1, which are involved in the development and maintenance of many different types of solid tumors. The function of EphA2 and ephrinA1 in tumorigenesis and tumor progression is complex and seems to be dependent on cell type and microenvironment. These variables affect the expression of the EphA2 and ephrinA1 proteins, the pathways through which they induce signaling, and the functional consequences of that signaling on the behavior of tumor cells and tumor-associated cells. This review will specifically focus on the roles that EphA2 and ephrinA1 play in the different cell types that contribute to the malignancy of solid tumors, with emphasis on the opportunities for therapeutic targeting. (Mol Cancer Res 2008;6(12):1795–806)
Sexual Dimorphism in the Parietal Substrate Associated with Visuospatial Cognition Independent of General Intelligence
Authors: Hänggi Jürgen , Buchmann Andreas , Mondadori Christian R. A. , Henke Katharina , Jäncke Lutz , Hock Christoph 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
Sex differences in visuospatial cognition (VSC) with male advantage are frequently reported in the literature. There is evidence for sexual dimorphisms in the human brain, one of which postulates more gray matter (GM) in females and more white matter (WM) in males relative to total intracranial volume. We investigated the neuroanatomy of VSC independent of general intelligence (g) in sex-separated populations, homogenous in age, education, memory performance, a memory- and brain morphology-related gene, and g. VSC and g were assessed with the Wechsler adult intelligence scale. The influence of g on VSC was removed using a hierarchical factor analysis and the Schmid–Leiman solution. Structural high-resolution magnetic resonance images were acquired and analyzed with voxel-based morphometry. As hypothesized, the clusters of positive correlations between local volumes and VSC performance independent of g were found mainly in parietal areas, but also in pre- and postcentral regions, predominantly in the WM in males, whereas in females these correlations were located in parietal and superior temporal areas, predominantly in the GM. Our results suggest that VSC depends more strongly on parietal WM structures in males and on parietal GM structures in females. This sex difference might have to do with the increased axonal and decreased somatodendritic tissue in males relative to females. Whether such sex-specific implementations of the VSC network can be explained genetically as suggested in investigations into the Turner syndrome or as a result of structural neural plasticity upon different experience and usage remains to be shown.
Top–Down Enhancement and Suppression of Activity in Category-selective Extrastriate Cortex from an Act of Reflective Attention
Authors: Johnson Matthew R. , Johnson Marcia K. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
Recent research has demonstrated top–down attentional modulation of activity in extrastriate category-selective visual areas while stimuli are in view (perceptual attention) and after they are removed from view (reflective attention). Perceptual attention is capable of both enhancing and suppressing activity in category-selective areas relative to a passive viewing baseline. In this study, we demonstrate that a brief, simple act of reflective attention (“refreshing”) is also capable of both enhancing and suppressing activity in some scene-selective areas (the parahippocampal place area [PPA]) but not others (refreshing resulted in enhancement but not in suppression in the middle occipital gyrus [MOG]). This suggests that different category-selective extrastriate areas preferring the same class of stimuli may contribute differentially to reflective processing of one's internal representations of such stimuli.
The Frequency and Characteristics of Lake-Effect Precipitation Events Associated with the New York State Finger Lakes
Authors: Laird Neil , Sobash Ryan , Hodas Natasha 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
This study presents a climatological analysis of the frequency and characteristics of lake-effect precipitation events that were initiated or enhanced by lakes within the New York State (NYS) Finger Lakes region for the 11 winters (October–March) from 1995/96 through 2005/06. Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) data from Binghamton, New York, were used to identify 125 lake-effect events. Events occurred as 1) a well-defined, isolated precipitation band over and downwind of a lake, 2) an enhancement of mesoscale lake-effect precipitation originating from Lake Ontario and extending southward over an individual Finger Lake, 3) a quasi-stationary mesoscale precipitation band positioned over a lake embedded within extensive regional precipitation from a synoptic weather system, or 4) a transition from one type to another. Results show that lake-effect precipitation routinely develops over lakes that are considerably smaller than lakes previously discussed as being associated with lake-effect precipitation, such as the Great Lakes. Lake-effect events occurred during each month (October–March) across the 11 winters studied and were identified in association with each of the six easternmost Finger Lakes examined in this study. The frequency of NYS Finger Lakes lake-effect events determined in the current investigation paired with subsequent analyses of the environmental conditions leading to these events will allow for 1) comparative analyses of necessary conditions for lake-effect development across a range of lake sizes (e.g., NYS Finger Lakes, Lake Champlain, Great Salt Lake, and Great Lakes) and 2) an informative examination of the connection between mesoscale processes and climate variability.
What Controls the Transition from Shallow to Deep Convection?
Authors: Wu Chien-Ming , Stevens Bjorn , Arakawa Akio 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
In this study, a 2D cloud-system-resolving model (CSRM) is used to assess the control mechanism for the transition from shallow to deep convection in the diurnal cycle over land. By comparing with a 3D CSRM under conditions taken from the Large-Scale Biosphere–Atmosphere field study (in the Amazon), the authors show that the 2D CSRM reproduces the main features evident in previous 3D simulations reasonably well. To extract the essence of the transition from shallow to deep convection, the observed case is idealized to isolate two control parameters, the free troposphere stability and the relative humidity. The emergence of a distinct transition between shallow and deep convection shows that the convective transition is an intrinsic property of the system. A transition time is defined to evaluate the key mechanism of the transition. The authors show that the transition coincides with the time when the lapse rate of the virtual potential temperature of the clouds becomes larger than that of the environment, suggesting that the transition happens when shallow clouds become, on average, buoyant. This suggests that, given the opportunity, convection prefers to be shallow.
A Test of the Simulation of Tropical Convective Cloudiness by a Cloud-Resolving Model
Authors: Lopez Mario A. , Hartmann Dennis L. , Blossey Peter N. , Wood Robert , Bretherton Christopher S. , Kubar Terence L. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
A methodology is described for testing the simulation of tropical convective clouds by models through comparison with observations of clouds and precipitation from earth-orbiting satellites. Clouds are divided into categories that represent convective cores: moderately thick anvil clouds and thin high clouds. Fractional abundances of these clouds are computed as a function of rain rate. A three-dimensional model is forced with steady forcing characteristics of tropical Pacific convective regions, and the model clouds are compared with satellite observations for the same regions. The model produces a good simulation of the relationship between the precipitation rate and optically thick cold clouds that represent convective cores. The observations show large abundances of anvil cloud with a strong dependence on rain rate, but the model produces too little anvil cloud by a factor of about 4 and with a very weak dependence on the rain rate. The observations also show probability density functions for outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) and albedo with maxima that correspond to extended upper-level cold clouds, whereas the model does not. The sensitivity of the anvil cloud simulation to model parameters is explored using a two-dimensional model. Both cloud physical parameters and mean wind shear effects are investigated. The simulation of anvil cloud can be improved while maintaining a good simulation of optically thick cloud by adjusting the cloud physics parameters in the model to produce more ice cloud and less liquid water cloud.
Regional and Global Impacts of Land Cover Change and Sea Surface Temperature Anomalies
Authors: Findell Kirsten L. , Pitman Andrew J. , England Matthew H. , Pegion Philip J. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
The atmospheric and land components of the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory’s (GFDL’s) Climate Model version 2.1 (CM2.1) is used with climatological sea surface temperatures (SSTs) to investigate the relative climatic impacts of historical anthropogenic land cover change (LCC) and realistic SST anomalies. The SST forcing anomalies used are analogous to signals induced by El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), and the background global warming trend. Coherent areas of LCC are represented throughout much of central and eastern Europe, northern India, southeastern China, and on either side of the ridge of the Appalachian Mountains in North America. Smaller areas of change are present in various tropical regions. The land cover changes in the model are almost exclusively a conversion of forests to grasslands.
Model results show that, at the global scale, the physical impacts of LCC on temperature and rainfall are less important than large-scale SST anomalies, particularly those due to ENSO. However, in the regions where the land surface has been altered, the impact of LCC can be equally or more important than the SST forcing patterns in determining the seasonal cycle of the surface water and energy balance. Thus, this work provides a context for the impacts of LCC on climate: namely, strong regional-scale impacts that can significantly change globally averaged fields but that rarely propagate beyond the disturbed regions. This suggests that proper representation of land cover conditions is essential in the design of climate model experiments, particularly if results are to be used for regional-scale assessments of climate change impacts.
Social Support and Physical Activity in Type 2 Diabetes A Social-Ecologic Approach
Authors: Gleeson-Kreig JoAnn 
Published: December 2008

Purpose This study utilized social-ecology to describe sources of social-environmental support for physical activity perceived by people with type 2 diabetes, and examined the relationship between support and physical activity. Methods Multidimensional support and physical activity were measured in 58 people with diabetes. Descriptive and correlational statistics were used. Results Support from the media scored highest, followed by the health care team, personal support, workplace, family and friends, and lowest for the community. Physical activity was related to personal, media, and community support. Conclusions Using a social-ecological approach, health care professionals must focus on enhancing support from media sources, strengthening community context, and bolstering personal self-management. Professionals must also critically examine patient-provider interactions to motivate lifestyle change.
Healthy Changes™ for Living with Diabetes
Authors: Klug Cindy , Toobert Deborah J. , Fogerty Michaela 
Published: December 2008

Purpose This article addresses the gap between research and practice by describing the feasibility and outcomes of an evidence- based diabetes self-management health education program. The Healthy Changes™ program used a peer-led group format to promote physical activity and healthful eating practices, using culturally relevant materials and measures. Methods Older adults (mean age = 69.2 years; SD = 10.7) with type 2 diabetes (N = 243) were recruited from 9 communities to participate in the Healthy Changes™ program. Components included goal setting, problem solving, group support, and interactive lectures from experts. Measures of eating patterns, physical activity, body weight, community resources, self-rated health, and self-efficacy were administered at baseline, and at 4, 8, and 12 months. Results Participants attended on average 13 weekly sessions, and showed improvements in health behaviors, supportive resources, and self-efficacy at 4, 8, and 12 months. Conclusions The Healthy Changes™ program can be successfully translated into community settings and led by trained peer leaders, yielding health improvements similar to those reported in efficacy trials. Trained peer leaders are key to effective program implementation. Peer-led groups enhance goal attainment by giving participants a venue to discuss obstacles and strategize solutions.
Living with Diabetes
Authors: Olshansky Ellen , Sacco Diane , Fitzgerald Kathryn , Zickmund Susan , Hess Rachel , Bryce Cindy , McTigue Kathleen , Fischer Gary 
Published: December 2008

Purpose The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore perceptions of people with diabetes about their experience of living with and managing their diabetes. Methods This study was part of a larger study of patients with diabetes who used a novel computer portal system for access to information about diabetes and to their health care providers for enhanced communication. The research method used for this portion of the study was grounded theory methodology, a particular kind of qualitative research method. Results A central theme generated from the data was “normalizing an identity as a person with diabetes.” The participants described themselves as diabetic; they took on an identity in which having diabetes was central. They struggled with how to become “a person with diabetes” rather than a “diabetic person.” Conclusions For people who are diagnosed with diabetes, there is a struggle to become a person with diabetes rather than a diabetic person and to manage the lifestyle changes that are mandated by this role/identity. One way of dealing or coping with this new identity is to begin to “normalize” these lifestyle changes—to view them as healthy living for all people, those with and without diabetes. This will then have implications for interventions—encouraging healthy lifestyles among people with diabetes rather than emphasizing that people with diabetes are “different from” the general population.
Design of Alkyl Sulfate Ionic Liquids for Lubricants
Authors: Itoh Toshiyuki , Watanabe Naoko , Inada Kento , Ishioka Akihiko , Hayase Shuichi , Kawatsura Motoi , Minami Ichiro , Mori Shigeyuki 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
Tribological properties of alkyl sulfate ionic liquids have been evaluated; hydrophobicity of ionic liquids significantly influenced the tribological characteristics and combination of phosphonium cation with hydrophobic octafluoropentyl sulfate anion afforded good ionic liquid that showed excellent tribological performance.
ENDOR Study of Oxoiron(IV) Porphyrin π-Cation Radical Complexes as Models for Compound I of Heme Enzymes
Authors: Takahashi Akihiro , Ohba Yasunori , Yamauchi Seigo , Fujii Hiroshi 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
Electron nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) spectroscopy of oxoiron(IV) porphyrin π-cation radical complexes with pyrrole β-substituted porphyrins is reported. Hyperfine coupling constants (AH) of the pyrrole β-methyl groups were determined. Comparison of the AH values with those of compound I of peroxidase and catalase indicated the a1u porphyrin π-cation radical states of these compound I.
Three-dimensional Iron Glutarate with Five- and Six-coordinated Iron(II)–Oxygen Networks
Authors: Kim YooJin , Nam Hye Jin , Jung Duk-Young 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
A novel open framework iron(II)–carboxylate was synthesized and characterized. Four crystallographically different iron atoms have five- and six-coordinated geometry giving rise to 1D double metal–oxygen layers. The glutarate ligands link inorganic chains to give an interlocked 3D structure containing water. Magnetic measurement of iron–carboxylate compound shows canted antiferromagnetism around 4 K.