bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Automatically Sketching Auroral Skeleton Structure in All‐Sky Image for Measuring Aurora Arcs
Authors: Wang Qian , Bai Wanying , Zhang Wei , Shi Jinming 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe auroral arc is the typical track of the interaction between the solar wind and the Earth's magnetosphere. A sketch of skeletons for arc‐like aurora is usually used to describe auroral structures, such as vortex, fold and curl structures, etc. With artificial intelligence technologies, sketching auroral skeleton structure (AuroSS) in all‐sky images enables automatic detection and measurement of aurora arcs in very large amounts of ground‐based auroral observation data. The skeleton is a highly characterizing topological structure that has been extensively studied in the field of computer vision. However, AuroSS is not the medial axis of auroral shapes and a large number of accurate AuroSS annotations are not available. It is difficult to detect AuroSS by using an unsupervised or fully‐supervised method. In this paper, we formulate the automatic AuroSS extraction to learn a mapping from an all‐sky auroral image to a ridge style AuroSS. Without accurate AuroSS annotations, emission ridge and coarse localization of aurora are incorporated to generate pseudo‐labels of AuroSS. A series of functional weakly supervised models are trained and cascaded to achieve AuroSS detection. Experimental results on auroral images obtained from all‐sky imagers at Yellow River Station (YRS) show that the detected AuroSS is consistent with that of human visual perception. Based on the obtained AuroSS, the orientations and lengths of auroral arcs can be estimated automatically. By browsing the temporal variation in arc orientation from dusk to dawn, we can acquire synoptic observations of auroral activities at YRS.
Pre‐Eruptive Damage, Weakening and Magma‐Edifice Coupling at Piton De La Fournaise Volcano
Authors: Got Jean‐Luc , Peltier Aline , Marsan David , Ferrazzini Valerie , Brothelande Elodie , Carrier Aurore 
Published: April 2024

AbstractEruptions in basaltic volcanoes are often preceded by increasing seismicity and surface deformation, which progressively damage and weaken the volcanic edifice. We show how damage and crack interaction produce the inverse Omori‐Utsu law for earthquakes during pre‐eruptive periods. Rock mass continuity, representing damage, is shown to decrease exponentially with the earthquake number; we interpret it as a general form of the Omori‐Utsu law. Pre‐eruptive earthquake time series are shown to be controlled by heterogeneity distribution, finite‐size effect and crack interaction, and by the feeding system characteristic time. Magma‐edifice coupling is described by state variables that depend on the continuity and the feeding system characteristic time. Pre‐eruptive seismicity of the 2004–2017 24 summit/proximal eruptions of Piton de la Fournaise volcano was well modeled by an inverse Omori‐Utsu law. It allowed identifying two cases: (a) strong crack interaction and earthquake number acceleration, when failure in strong intact rock and finite‐size effects dominate the brittle fracture process; in that case the magma‐edifice interaction power exhibits a maximum before the eruption; (b) weak crack interaction, generating an almost constant earthquake rate and corresponding to a brittle fracture process at constant strain in a weak, fractured rock mass. In this latter case eruptions occurred when the continuity reached a critical value, close to 0.25. Specific times are identified, from the time variations of the state variables; they define estimators that provide values of the eruption time within 10% of the true value in 60%–75% of the cases studied, from the complete time series.
Sound Velocities of Fe‐Si Alloys at Conditions of the Cores of Moon and Mercury
Authors: Li Xiaohong , Han Songsong , Cui Xiaoming , Liu Jin , Hou Mingqiang 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe species and contents of the light elements within the metallic cores play a crucial role in understanding the structure, thermal state, geodynamo, and evolution of the terrestrial planets and satellites. While silicon (Si) has been considered as a primary candidate light element in the cores of small terrestrial bodies, the sound velocities of face‐centered cubic (fcc) Fe‐Si are rarely investigated. Here we measured the compressional (VP) and shear (VS) wave velocities of Fe alloyed with 3 wt.% and 6 wt.% Si up to 6.3 GPa and 1,273 K using pulse‐echo overlap technique coupled with energy‐dispersive X‐ray diffraction. The incorporation of Si could increase the VP of body‐centered cubic (bcc) Fe by 0.074(15) km/s and decrease the VS by 0.024(9) km/s with each weight percent Si at 300 K. However, 3 wt.% Si has minimal effect on the VP of fcc‐Fe if not negligible. The incorporation of 6 wt.% Si stabilizes the Fe in mixture bcc and fcc phases at high temperature and increases the VP by 0.59 km/s compared with that of fcc‐Fe. Based on the Apollo seismic observation and VP of Fe and Fe‐Si alloys, Si is unlikely to be the sole light element in the lunar core. The solid core of the Mercury would be in the fcc phase if the Si content is less than 3 wt.% and the VP profiles is 5.65–6.34 km/s. While 6 wt.% Si would stabilize the Mercury's core in mixed bcc and fcc phases, the VP profiles would be 6.17–6.85 km/s.
Neogene‐Recent Reactivation of Pre‐Existing Faults in South‐Central Vietnam, With Implications for the Extrusion of Indochina
Authors: Richard Nicholas , Burberry Caroline M. , Hoang Nguyen , Anh Le Duc , Dinh Sang Q. , Elkins Lynne J. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractVietnam contains complex faults coupled with a diffuse igneous province that has been active since the mid‐Miocene. However, existing fault maps demonstrate little consensus over the location of Neogene basalt flows and relative ages of mapped faults, which complicates interpretations of tectonic model for the evolution of Indochina. This paper identifies discrete tectonic blocks within Vietnam and aims to define the Neogene‐Recent tectonic setting and kinematics of south‐central Vietnam by analyzing the orientation, kinematics, and relative ages of faults across each block. Fault ages and relative timing are estimated using cross‐cutting relationships with dated basalt flows and between slickenside sets. Remote sensing results show distinct fault trends within individual blocks that are locally related to the orientations of the basement‐involved block‐bounding faults. Faults observed in the field indicate an early phase of dip‐slip motion and a later phase of strike‐slip motion, recording the rotation of blocks within a stress field. Faulting after the change in motion of the Red River Fault Zone at ∼16 Ma is inferred, as faults cross‐cut basalt flows as young as ∼0.6 Ma. Strike‐slip motion on block‐bounding faults is consistent with rotation and continuous extrusion of each block within south‐central Vietnam. The rotation of the blocks is attributed to the “continuum rubble” behavior of small crustal blocks influenced by upper mantle flow after the collision between India and Eurasia. We infer a robust lithospheric‐asthenospheric coupling in the extrusion model, which holds implications for other regions experiencing extrusion even in the absence of a free surface.
Climate‐Driven Increases in Stream Metal Concentrations in Mineralized Watersheds Throughout the Colorado Rocky Mountains, USA
Authors: Manning Andrew H. , Petach Tanya N. , Runkel Robert L. , McKnight Diane M. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIncreasing stream metal concentrations apparently caused by climate warming have been reported for a small number of mountain watersheds containing hydrothermally altered bedrock with abundant sulfide minerals (mineralized watersheds). Such increases are concerning and could negatively impact downstream ecosystem health, water resources, and mine‐site remediation efforts. However, the pervasiveness and typical magnitude of these trends remain uncertain. We aggregated available streamwater chemistry data collected from late summer and fall over the past 40 years for 22 mineralized watersheds throughout the Colorado Rocky Mountains. Temporal trend analysis performed using the Regional Kendall Test indicates significant regional upward trends of ∼2% of the site median per year for sulfate, zinc, and copper concentrations in the 17 streams affected by acid rock drainage (ARD; median pH ≤ 5.5), equivalent to concentrations roughly doubling over the past 30 years. An examination of potential load trends utilizing streamflow data from eight “index gages” located near the sample sites provides strong support for regionally increasing sulfate and metal loads in ARD‐affected streams, particularly at higher elevations. Declining streamflows are likely contributing to regionally increasing concentrations, but increasing loads appear to be on average an equal or greater contributor. Comparison of selected site characteristics with site concentration trend magnitudes shows the highest correlation for mean annual air temperature and mean elevation (R2 of 0.42 and 0.35, respectively, with all others being ≤0.14). Future research on climate‐driven controlling mechanisms should therefore focus on processes such as melting of frozen ground directly linked to site mean temperature and elevation.
Risk factors for infection and outcomes in infants with neonatal encephalopathy: a cohort study
Authors: Odd David , Sabir Hemmen , Jones Simon A. , Gale Chris , Chakkarapani Ela 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
To determine the association between early infection risk factors and short-term outcomes in infants with neonatal encephalopathy following perinatal asphyxia (NE).

Methods
A retrospective population-based cohort study utilizing the National Neonatal Research Database that included infants with NE admitted to neonatal units in England and Wales, Jan 2008–Feb 2018. Exposure: one or more of rupture of membranes >18 h, maternal group B streptococcus colonization, chorioamnionitis, maternal pyrexia or antepartum antibiotics. Primary outcome: death or nasogastric feeds/nil by mouth (NG/NBM) at discharge. Secondary outcomes: organ dysfunction; length of stay; intraventricular hemorrhage; antiseizure medications use.

Results
998 (13.7%) out of 7265 NE infants had exposure to early infection risk factors. Primary outcome (20.3% vs. 23.1%, OR 0.87 (95% CI 0.71–1.08), p = 0.22), death (12.8% vs. 14.0%, p = 0.32) and NG/NBM (17.4% vs. 19.9%. p = 0.07) did not differ between the exposed and unexposed group. Time to full sucking feeds (OR 0.81 (0.69–0.95)), duration (OR 0.82 (0.71–0.95)) and the number of antiseizure medications (OR 0.84 (0.72–0.98)) were lower in exposed than unexposed infants after adjusting for confounders. Therapeutic hypothermia did not alter the results.

Conclusions
Infants with NE exposed to risk factors for early-onset infection did not have worse short-term adverse outcomes.

Impact

Risk factors for early-onset neonatal infection, including rupture of membranes >18 h, maternal group B streptococcus colonization, chorioamnionitis, maternal pyrexia or antepartum antibiotics, were not associated with death or short-term morbidity after cooling for NE.

Despite exposure to risk factors for early-onset neonatal infection, infants with NE reached oral feeds earlier and needed fewer anti-seizure medications for a shorter duration than infants with NE but without such risk factors.

This study supports current provision of therapeutic hypothermia for infants with NE and any risk factors for early-onset neonatal infection.
LIN28B induced PCAT5 promotes endometrial cancer progression and glycolysis via IGF2BP3 deubiquitination
Authors: Wang Bin , Wang Bo , Ma Jian , He Jun-jian , Wang Zi-hao , Li Qing , Ma Xiao-xin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractEndometrial cancer (EC) cells exhibit abnormal glucose metabolism, characterized by increased aerobic glycolysis and decreased oxidative phosphorylation. Targeting cellular glucose metabolism in these cells could be an effective therapeutic approach for EC. This study aimed to assess the roles of LIN28B, PCAT5, and IGF2BP3 in the glucose metabolism, proliferation, migration, and invasion of EC cells. LIN28B highly expressed in EC, binds and stabilizes PCAT5. PCAT5, overexpressed in EC, and its 1485-2288nt region can bind to the KH1-2 domain of IGF2BP3 to prevent MKRN2 from binding to the K294 ubiquitination site of IGF2BP3, thus stabilizing IGF2BP3. Finally, IGF2BP3 promotes the aerobic glycolysis, proliferation, migration and invasion of EC cells by stabilizing the key enzymes of glucose metabolism HK2 and PKM2. Taken together, our data reveal that the LIN28B/PCAT5/IGF2BP3 axis is critical for glucose reprogramming and malignant biological behavior in EC cells. Therefore, targeting this axis may contribute to the development of a novel therapeutic strategy for EC metabolism.
Biogenesis of Rab14-positive endosome buds at Golgi–endosome contacts by the RhoBTB3–SHIP164–Vps26B complex
Authors: Wang Jingru , Xiong Juan , Zhang Shuhan , Li Dongchen , Chu Qingzhu , Chang Weiping , Deng Lin , Ji Wei-Ke 
Published: April 2024

AbstractEarly endosomes (EEs) are crucial in cargo sorting within vesicular trafficking. While cargoes destined for degradation are retained in EEs and eventually transported to lysosomes, recycled cargoes for the plasma membrane (PM) or the Golgi undergo segregation into specialized membrane structures known as EE buds during cargo sorting. Despite this significance, the molecular basis of the membrane expansion during EE bud formation has been poorly understood. In this study, we identify a protein complex comprising SHIP164, an ATPase RhoBTB3, and a retromer subunit Vps26B, which promotes the formation of EE buds at Golgi–EE contacts. Our findings reveal that Vps26B acts as a novel Rab14 effector, and Rab14 activity regulates the association of SHIP164 with EEs. Depletion of SHIP164 leads to enlarged Rab14+EEs without buds, a phenotype rescued by wild-type SHIP164 but not the lipid transfer-defective mutants. Suppression of RhoBTB3 or Vps26B mirrors the effects of SHIP164 depletion. Together, we propose a lipid transport-dependent pathway mediated by the RhoBTB3–SHIP164–Vps26B complex at Golgi–EE contacts, which is essential for EE budding.
Exome-wide analysis implicates rare protein-altering variants in human handedness
Authors: Schijven Dick , Soheili-Nezhad Sourena , Fisher Simon E. , Francks Clyde 
Published: April 2024

AbstractHandedness is a manifestation of brain hemispheric specialization. Left-handedness occurs at increased rates in neurodevelopmental disorders. Genome-wide association studies have identified common genetic effects on handedness or brain asymmetry, which mostly involve variants outside protein-coding regions and may affect gene expression. Implicated genes include several that encode tubulins (microtubule components) or microtubule-associated proteins. Here we examine whether left-handedness is also influenced by rare coding variants (frequencies ≤ 1%), using exome data from 38,043 left-handed and 313,271 right-handed individuals from the UK Biobank. The beta-tubulin gene TUBB4B shows exome-wide significant association, with a rate of rare coding variants 2.7 times higher in left-handers than right-handers. The TUBB4B variants are mostly heterozygous missense changes, but include two frameshifts found only in left-handers. Other TUBB4B variants have been linked to sensorineural and/or ciliopathic disorders, but not the variants found here. Among genes previously implicated in autism or schizophrenia by exome screening, DSCAM and FOXP1 show evidence for rare coding variant association with left-handedness. The exome-wide heritability of left-handedness due to rare coding variants was 0.91%. This study reveals a role for rare, protein-altering variants in left-handedness, providing further evidence for the involvement of microtubules and disorder-relevant genes.
Highly efficient multi-resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence material toward a BT.2020 deep-blue emitter
Authors: Ochi Junki , Yamasaki Yuki , Tanaka Kojiro , Kondo Yasuhiro , Isayama Kohei , Oda Susumu , Kondo Masakazu , Hatakeyama Takuji 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAn ultrapure deep-blue multi-resonance-induced thermally activated delayed fluorescence material (DOB2-DABNA-A) is designed and synthesized. Benefiting from a fully resonating extended helical π-conjugated system, this compound has a small ΔEST value of 3.6 meV and sufficient spin–orbit coupling to exhibit a high-rate constant for reverse intersystem crossing (kRISC = 1.1 × 106 s–1). Furthermore, an organic light-emitting diode employing DOB2-DABNA-A as an emitter is fabricated; it exhibits ultrapure deep-blue emission at 452 nm with a small full width at half maximum of 24 nm, corresponding to Commission Internationale de l’Éclairage (CIE) coordinates of (0.145, 0.049). The high kRISC value reduces the efficiency roll-off, resulting in a high external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 21.6% at 1000 cd m–2.
Passive frequency comb generation at radiofrequency for ranging applications
Authors: Hussein Hussein M. E. , Kim Seunghwi , Rinaldi Matteo , Alù Andrea , Cassella Cristian 
Published: April 2024

AbstractOptical frequency combs, featuring evenly spaced spectral lines, have been extensively studied and applied to metrology, signal processing, and sensing. Recently, frequency comb generation has been also extended to MHz frequencies by harnessing nonlinearities in microelectromechanical membranes. However, the generation of frequency combs at radio frequencies (RF) has been less explored, together with their potential application in wireless technologies. In this work, we demonstrate an RF system able to wirelessly and passively generate frequency combs. This circuit, which we name quasi-harmonic tag (qHT), offers a battery-free solution for far-field ranging of unmanned vehicles (UVs) in GPS-denied settings, and it enables a strong immunity to multipath interference, providing better accuracy than other RF approaches to far-field ranging. Here, we discuss the principle of operation, design, implementation, and performance of qHTs used to remotely measure the azimuthal distance of a UV flying in an uncontrolled electromagnetic environment. We show that qHTs can wirelessly generate frequency combs with μWatt-levels of incident power by leveraging the nonlinear interaction between an RF parametric oscillator and a high quality factor piezoelectric microacoustic resonator. Our technique for frequency comb generation opens new avenues for a wide range of RF applications beyond ranging, including timing, computing and sensing.
Involution of brown adipose tissue through a Syntaxin 4 dependent pyroptosis pathway
Authors: Yu Xiaofan , Benitez Gabrielle , Wei Peter Tszki , Krylova Sofia V. , Song Ziyi , Liu Li , Zhang Meifan , Xiaoli Alus M. , Wei Henna , Chen Fenfen , Sidoli Simone , Yang Fajun , Shinoda Kosaku , Pessin Jeffrey E. , Feng Daorong 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAging, chronic high-fat diet feeding, or housing at thermoneutrality induces brown adipose tissue (BAT) involution, a process characterized by reduction of BAT mass and function with increased lipid droplet size. Single nuclei RNA sequencing of aged mice identifies a specific brown adipocyte population of Ucp1-low cells that are pyroptotic and display a reduction in the longevity gene syntaxin 4 (Stx4a). Similar to aged brown adipocytes, Ucp1-STX4KO mice display loss of brown adipose tissue mass and thermogenic dysfunction concomitant with increased pyroptosis. Restoration of STX4 expression or suppression of pyroptosis activation protects against the decline in both mass and thermogenic activity in the aged and Ucp1-STX4KO mice. Mechanistically, STX4 deficiency reduces oxidative phosphorylation, glucose uptake, and glycolysis leading to reduced ATP levels, a known triggering signal for pyroptosis. Together, these data demonstrate an understanding of rapid brown adipocyte involution and that physiologic aging and thermogenic dysfunction result from pyroptotic signaling activation.
Patchy and widespread distribution of bacterial translation arrest peptides associated with the protein localization machinery
Authors: Fujiwara Keigo , Tsuji Naoko , Yoshida Mayu , Takada Hiraku , Chiba Shinobu 
Published: April 2024

AbstractRegulatory arrest peptides interact with specific residues on bacterial ribosomes and arrest their own translation. Here, we analyse over 30,000 bacterial genome sequences to identify additional Sec/YidC-related arrest peptides, followed by in vivo and in vitro analyses. We find that Sec/YidC-related arrest peptides show patchy, but widespread, phylogenetic distribution throughout the bacterial domain. Several of the identified peptides contain distinct conserved sequences near the C-termini, but are still able to efficiently stall bacterial ribosomes in vitro and in vivo. In addition, we identify many arrest peptides that share an R-A-P-P-like sequence, suggesting that this sequence might serve as a common evolutionary seed to overcome ribosomal structural differences across species.
Targeting branched N-glycans and fucosylation sensitizes ovarian tumors to immune checkpoint blockade
Authors: Nie Hao , Saini Pratima , Miyamoto Taito , Liao Liping , Zielinski Rafal J. , Liu Heng , Zhou Wei , Wang Chen , Murphy Brennah , Towers Martina , Yang Tyler , Qi Yuan , Kannan Toshitha , Kossenkov Andrew , Tateno Hiroaki , Claiborne Daniel T. , Zhang Nan , Abdel-Mohsen Mohamed , Zhang Rugang 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAberrant glycosylation is a crucial strategy employed by cancer cells to evade cellular immunity. However, it’s unclear whether homologous recombination (HR) status-dependent glycosylation can be therapeutically explored. Here, we show that the inhibition of branched N-glycans sensitizes HR-proficient, but not HR-deficient, epithelial ovarian cancers (EOCs) to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB). In contrast to fucosylation whose inhibition sensitizes EOCs to anti-PD-L1 immunotherapy regardless of HR-status, we observe an enrichment of branched N-glycans on HR-proficient compared to HR-deficient EOCs. Mechanistically, BRCA1/2 transcriptionally promotes the expression of MGAT5, the enzyme responsible for catalyzing branched N-glycans. The branched N-glycans on HR-proficient tumors augment their resistance to anti-PD-L1 by enhancing its binding with PD-1 on CD8+ T cells. In orthotopic, syngeneic EOC models in female mice, inhibiting branched N-glycans using 2-Deoxy-D-glucose sensitizes HR-proficient, but not HR-deficient EOCs, to anti-PD-L1. These findings indicate branched N-glycans as promising therapeutic targets whose inhibition sensitizes HR-proficient EOCs to ICB by overcoming immune evasion.