bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antigone between Ethics and Politics
Authors: Leonard Miriam 
Published: September 2007

AbstractHegel's seminal interpretation of Sophocles in the Phenomenology of Spirit dramatizes a clash between family and State, the individual and the polis. This chapter investigates the legacy of this Hegelian reading in French post-war debates about ethics and politics. Lacan's Antigone flees the state and its moral dictates to take refuge in an ethics of ‘pure desire’. Antigone's resistance to Creon represents a resistance to the political as such. In his student Luce Irigaray, however, Lacan finds a critic all too anxious to expose the dangerous ideological leanings of Lacan's apolitical Greeks. Derrida's re-reading of Hegel's Antigone exposes the exclusionary politics of Hegel's philhellenism. Hegel's investment in Greek culture is predicated on the construction of an internal other — the Jew. This section explores how an opposition between Hellenism and Hebraism lies behind both Hegel's and Derrida's notion of citizenship in the Antigone.
De Memoria et Reminiscentia 1 450a10
Authors: Gregoric Pavel 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
This chapter offers an interpretation of the passage in De Memoria et Reminiscentia 1 which aims to show that memory does not belong to the rational capacity of the soul, but rather to what Aristotle calls the ‘primary perceptual capacity of the soul’ (proton aisthetikon) and, at one point, the ‘common sense’. The crucial step in the argument relies on the notion of the perception of time, which is investigated in some detail. It is argued that the perception of time requires joint operation of perception and imagination, and is hence the work of the sensory capacity of the soul. In other words, what Aristotle calls the ‘primary perceptual capacity of the soul’ and ‘common sense’ in this passage is the sensory capacity of the soul. This establishes the same reference for the phrase ‘common sense’ in De Partibus Animalium IV.10 and De Memoria et Reminiscentia 1.
Perceptual Discrimination
Authors: Gregoric Pavel 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
This chapter examines Aristotle's notion of perceptual discrimination, which he discusses in De Anima III.2 (426 b 8-427 a 16) and III.7 (431 a 20 b 1). In the first of these passages the solution from De Sensu 7 seems to be rejected because it cannot account for perceptual discrimination of two or more homogeneous special perceptibles, e.g. black and white. That solution is supplanted by another one in which Aristotle compares the discriminating capacity to the geometrical point. This analogy is closely examined and an interpretation of its application to the case of perceptual discrimination of homogeneous special perceptibles is proposed. This interpretation is then supported, if only tentatively, by an analysis of a notoriously difficult passage from De Anima III.7. It is concluded that Aristotle's explanation of simultaneous perception and perceptual discrimination of two or more homogeneous special perceptibles is rather unsatisfactory.
Conclusion
Authors: Gregoric Pavel 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
The conclusion discusses the common sense as envisioned by Aristotle, particularly what he himself designates with the phrase and what we should designate as the Aristotelian notion of the common sense. Aristotle designates three different things with the phrase ‘common sense’ and its variants. An individual sense, namely touch, is called a ‘common sense’ in Historia Animalium I.3 489 a 17. It is so called because it is shared by all animals, for the sense of touch is found in every individual animal of every species. Similarly, all the individual senses indiscriminately are called ‘common senses’ in Metaphysics I.1 I.1 981. In De Anima III.1 Aristotle distinguishes an aspect of the properly functioning individual senses according to types of features perceived, and calls it ‘aisthesis koine’, which is often wrongly interpreted as the ‘common sense’. Finally, the phrase ‘common sense’ is used in De Partibus Animalium IV.10 686 a 31, De Memoria et Reminiscentia 1 450 a 10, and De Anima III.7 431 b 5 consistently as a proper name for the sensory capacity of the soul which comprises the perceptual and the imaginative capacities. Paradoxically, Aristotle never uses the phrase ‘common sense’ to refer to the higher-order perceptual power which emerges from the unity of the perceptual capacity of the soul, which is how the common sense tends to be understood in later tradition. However, he does refer to it as a ‘common power which accompanies the individual senses’ in the De Somno et Vigilia 2. Four distinct functions of the common sense have been identified and discussed: simultaneous perception, perceptual discrimination, control of the senses in waking and sleep, and monitoring of the senses.
Back to the Text: Four Readings in Sophocles' Electra
Authors: Dik Helma 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
This chapter discusses a number of short passages in order to offer a better synthesis for the argument of the whole of this book, and to show how to apply the findings based on various highly restricted sets of data to the ‘random’ selection of a passage, any passage, of tragic trimeters. Among these is Electra 516-27, offered as a pendant to Schein's explication de métrique of these same lines.
Epilogue: Combining the Threads
Authors: Meissner Torsten 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
The overall aim of this study is to determine the morphological and semantic characteristics of the various sigmatic formations, while accounting for their development within Greek and from reconstructed PIE into Greek. None of the suffixes involved could be studied in isolation, and to this end the consideration of their mutual interaction as well as of the connection between them and morphologically different but semantically close or equivalent formations was necessary. One lesson to be learned by this study is a fundamental one: that morphology and semantics are inseparable.
3 Gods and Goddesses
Authors: West M. L. 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
This chapter discusses gods and goddesses in Indo-European poetry. The Indo-Europeans spoke both about ‘the gods’ collectively and about gods as individuals. They perhaps had their different words for different categories of supernatural being. But the most important term, one that has left representatives in nearly all branches of the Indo-European family, was based on the root *diw/dyu, which denoted the bright sky or the light of day. Upper and lower gods, characteristics of divinity, relations with mankind, gods' names, female deities, and mythical themes are discussed.
10 Mortality and Fame
Authors: West M. L. 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
This chapter shows that fame won in battle was a major preoccupation of Indo-European poetic and narrative tradition. Indo-Europeans believed in a kind of afterlife. A limited number of great men — kings, warriors, seers, and even some women associated with them — lived on in the memory of the people, in poem and story. Topics discussed include the origin of humankind, the fates, death, and transcending mortality through fame.
The Long Divorce of Steel
Authors: Walker Greg 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
This chapter looks at the rhetorical culture of early Tudor England. It argues that educated English men (and to a lesser extent, women) were used to a degree of intellectual freedom in the 1510s and 1520s, allowing the kind of robust intellectual enquiry and argument that was taught in the grammar schools and universities, and which formed the bedrock of the training of the Inns of Court. It charts the decline in the reputation and governmental methods of Henry VIII from the time of his accession, when he was lauded as a liberal scholar’s champion, to the last years of his reign, when he was widely condemned as a tyrant. It shows how, as his reign progressed, his subjects had to learn new ways of thinking and speaking in the face of his government’s oppressive demands.
Thynne and Tuke's Apocrypha ‘Chaucer’ and the Poetry of Moderation
Authors: Walker Greg 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
This chapter looks in detail at the contents and arrangement of Thynne’s 1532 edition of Chaucer’s Works. It examines the three poems placed at the beginning of the volume: the anonymous Eight Goodly Questions; Thomas Hoccleve’s To the King’s Most Noble Grace and to the Lords and Knights of the Garter; and the anonymous prophecy, When Faith Faileth in Priests’ Saws, arguing for their contemporary resonances in the troubled realm of 1531-2. It then examines the edition’s deployment of apocryphal material, suggesting that much of the conservative, catholic material, and social and political matter serves to shape the book into an extended work of counsel; a speculum principis cautioning princes in general, and its dedicatee, Henry VIII in particular, to behave with discretion and moderation in troubled times.
War, Food, and Politics in Early Hellenistic Athens
Authors: Oliver G. J. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThis book provides a new assessment of the economic history of Athens in the Hellenistic era, when the city was no longer an imperial power and struggled to maintain its territory, both at home in Attica and overseas in the cleruchies. The book assesses how political and military change affected the fragile economies of the Athenian polis. Warfare in Attica required the Athenians to protect their domestic grain supply and seek out those beyond the city to provide commodities from abroad. The book stresses the economic importance of benefaction and civic honours, and shows how much the citizens of Athens contributed to the defence and finances of their city.
‘Unscrupulously Epic’
Authors: Hurst Isobel 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThis chapter emphasizes how Elizabeth Barrett Browning, a woman who was largely self-taught, successfully negotiated gender difficulties by choosing to concentrate on poetry rather than philological scholarship. Her autobiographical essays demonstrate how a woman whose access to the classics was comparatively easy might imagine herself as the author of a female epic, ‘the feminine of Homer’. In her earliest poems, she attempted to emulate the poetry of canonical authors such as Homer, Milton, and Pope. The Italian Risorgimento enabled her to write a poem on an epic subject with a contemporary setting, Casa Guidi Windows. In Aurora Leigh, Barrett Browning draws on classical epic, the mock-heroic poetry of Pope and Byron, and Victorian women's novels to create a new kind of epic.
The Detection of Heresy in Late Medieval England
Authors: Forrest Ian 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
Heresy was the most feared crime in the medieval moral universe. It was seen as a social disease capable of poisoning the body politic and shattering the unity of the church. The study of heresy in late medieval England has, to date, focussed largely on the heretics. In consequence, we know very little about how this crime was defined by the churchmen who passed authoritative judgement on it. By examining the drafting, publicizing, and implementing of new laws against heresy using published and unpublished judicial records, this book presents a study of inquisition in medieval England. It argues that because heresy was a problem simultaneously national and local, detection relied upon collaboration between rulers and the ruled. While involvement in detection brought local society into contact with the apparatus of government, uneducated laymen still had to be kept at arm's length because judgements about heresy were deemed too subtle and important to be left to them. Detection required bishops and inquisitors to balance reported suspicions against canonical proof, and threats to public safety against the rights of the suspect and the deficiencies of human justice. The major figures in the prosecution of heresy were Thomas Arundel and Henry Chichele, archbishops of Canterbury. At present, the character and significance of lollardy, the heresy associated with John Wyclif, in late medieval England is the subject of much debate. The book considers that this debate has to be informed by a greater awareness of the legal and social contexts within which heresy took on its many real and imagined attributes.
Questions of Knowledge and Ignorance
Authors: Forrest Ian 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
This chapter is an assessment of knowledge about heresy, setting the limits of historical inquiry within the context of medieval and specifically English expectations of the law. The theme of uncertainty and doubt in canon law is discussed and the canon law of heresy is outlined with reference to Gratian's Decretum, the Liber extra, Liber sextus, and the Clementines. Heresy, inquisition, and canon law in England before 1380 are discussed, including the works of English canonists like William Paul.
6 Both Something Suffered and a Human Act: Death in the Thought of Karl Rahner
Authors: Albert Jones David 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
Karl Rahner develops his own distinctive theological approach to death in Zur Theologie des Todes – On the Theology of Death published in 1958. For Rahner, death is an event that affects the human being as a whole, not just the body, while leaving the immortal soul essentially unchanged. Understood as the conclusion of a personal life, death must itself be construed as an act. Rahner seems, like Ambrose, to interpret fulfilment as belonging to death as such. Nevertheless, as with Augustine, Rahner's thought continues to develop and his discussion of ‘the liberty of the sick’, while flawed, represents an important contribution to moral reflection on end of life issues.
Reframing the Discipline
Authors: Thomson Mathew 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
This chapter offers a new view of the academic discipline of psychology in early-20th-century Britain, moving beyond the dismissal of the era as one of backwardness in terms of development as a science. It shows that academic psychology mirrored the intellectual tendencies of popular psychology — in its vision of a social self, the importance of values in self-development, and its engagement with religion — even if professionalization put the two in tension. The argument is demonstrated through a case study of William McDougall, the era’s most influential British psychologist but now a largely forgotten figure. This also highlights the ambition of the nascent discipline as a tool of statecraft, and in relation to other emerging disciplines such as anthropology and sociology.
Psychology and Education
Authors: Thomson Mathew 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
This chapter argues that education was a key arena for spreading the influence of psychology. This is not a novel view, but it is argued that too much emphasis has been placed on the role of psychology in mental testing and child guidance as a tool of regulation, and too little on its significance for a more progressive pedagogy. It is argued that the latter reached well beyond the pioneering activities of figures like Montessori, the Russells, and A. S. Neill, and highlights the excitement about psychology among teachers exposed to the new ideas through teacher training. The role of psychological advice in childcare is considered, downplaying the influence of behaviourism and highlighting the ambivalence of psychologists towards popularization.
3 Case Marking on the Internal Argument and Lexical Aspect
Authors: Richardson Kylie 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThis chapter demonstrates that in the Slavic languages the accusative case arises on the internal argument of a ‘base’ verb whose event structure (lexical/semantic aspect) is compositional, whereas lexical case-marking occurs with atelic base verbs whose event structure is never compositional. A syntactic analysis is provided to account for this pattern.
Introduction: The Right Comparison
Authors: David A. P. 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
This introductory chapter prepares the way for new theories of epic and lyric poetics, particularly Homeric poetics, based on the notion of choreia (χορεία), by pointing out the comparatist foundations of recent Homeric poetics. A basic exposition of Saussure’s theory and critique of the comparative method sets the table for a revisiting of Milman Parry’s theory of Homeric composition, based on a comparison of Homer to ‘improvised’ south Slavic epic. It is argued that the right comparison for Homeric narrative is with modern classical music grounded in dance rhythm, because unlike the metre of the orally composed comparate, Homeric metre derives from a particular dance.
5 The ‘Choral Signifier’: The Shaping of Homeric Speech
Authors: David A. P. 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
This chapter considers the influence of a performance mode depicted by Homer — Demodocus the singer surrounded by a dancing circle — upon the phonological and semantic features of Homeric verse. A circle dance is a locus of conjuration and chanted noun-and-epithet phrases, delimited metrically by the turning points of the dance, become uniquely evocative ‘choral signifiers’. Paolo Vivante’s aesthetic theory of these phrases thereby receives a grounding in attested performance practice, although ‘choral theory’ is required to account for both the poetics and the aesthetics of Homeric verse. The effects of a non-linguistic dance rhythm upon Homeric and Hesiodic phonology, morphology, and diction are discussed. It is shown that ‘poetic license’ is a necessary component in an honest analysis of epic usage. Gregory Nagy’s derivation of the hexameter from smaller, later lyric metrical segments is critiqued in light of Pierre Chantraine’s observation that the Greek language is demonstrably maladapted to the hexameter, as is not the case with lyric metres. The choral signifier cannot be reduced to a purely linguistic phenomenon.
Libertinism and Toleration: Milton, Bruno, Aretino
Authors: Turner James Grantham 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
The ‘benefit of books promiscuously read’ haunts Milton's conception of toleration, and in Areopagitica he frequently cites bawdy or erotic authors such as Petronius or Pietro Aretino, ‘promiscuous’ books in another sense. Even the Bible ‘describes the carnal sense of wicked men not unelegantly’. The heart of Milton's argument involves, not merely the impracticality of censorship or the benefits of toleration in the abstract, but the positive necessity of encountering unlawful sex in literary form. Virtue is constituted by knowing forbidden sexuality as deeply as possible without actually doing it, and Aretino offers precisely those ‘objects of lust’ that allow us to take that test. An essential (but unrecognized) link between Aretino and Milton is the persecuted heretic Giordano Bruno. Both Milton and Bruno propose that personal growth depends on ‘contrariety’, and that the wise reader must therefore experience to the full the ‘ribald’ writings of libertines like Aretino.
Fourier-Mukai Transforms in Algebraic Geometry
Authors: Huybrechts D. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThis book provides a systematic exposition of the theory of Fourier-Mukai transforms from an algebro-geometric point of view. Assuming a basic knowledge of algebraic geometry, the key aspect of this book is the derived category of coherent sheaves on a smooth projective variety. The derived category is a subtle invariant of the isomorphism type of a variety, and its group of autoequivalences often shows a rich structure. As it turns out — and this feature is pursued throughout the book — the behaviour of the derived category is determined by the geometric properties of the canonical bundle of the variety. Including notions from other areas, e.g., singular cohomology, Hodge theory, abelian varieties, K3 surfaces; full proofs and exercises are provided. The final chapter summarizes recent research directions, such as connections to orbifolds and the representation theory of finite groups via the McKay correspondence, stability conditions on triangulated categories, and the notion of the derived category of sheaves twisted by a gerbe.
oneChannelGUI: a graphical interface to Bioconductor tools, designed for life scientists who are not familiar with R language
Authors: Sanges Remo , Cordero Francesca , Calogero Raffaele A. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractSummary: OneChannelGUI is an add-on Bioconductor package providing a new set of functions extending the capability of the affylmGUI package. This library provides a graphical interface (GUI) for Bioconductor libraries to be used for quality control, normalization, filtering, statistical validation and data mining for single channel microarrays. Affymetrix 3′ expression (IVT) arrays as well as the new whole transcript expression arrays, i.e. gene/exon 1.0 ST, are actually implemented. oneChannelGUI is available for most platforms on which R runs, i.e. Windows and Unix-like machines.Availability: http://www.bioconductor.org/packages/2.0/bioc/html/oneChannelGUI.htmlContact: raffaele.calogero@unito.itSupplementary information: http://www.bioinformatica.unito.it/oneChannelGUI/
Hexokinase III, cyclin A and galectin‐3 are overexpressed in malignant follicular thyroid nodules
Authors: Hooft L. , Van Der Veldt A. A. M. , Hoekstra O. S. , Boers M. , Molthoff C. F. M. , Van Diest P. J. 
Published: September 2007

SummaryBackground  Distinguishing malignant thyroid nodules in patients with follicular cytology by fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) remains problematic. The large majority of thyroid nodules (> 85%) are overtreated. Therefore, a clear need exists to develop more accurate initial diagnostic tests for follicular thyroid nodules. Galectin‐3 is the most recent promising marker to aid discrimination between benign and malignant thyroid lesions; however, this biomarker can be absent in follicular malignancies.Aims  This study was undertaken to determine whether additional biomarkers can help to discriminate between benign and malignant thyroid nodules.Methods  Surgical specimens of 36 patients with benign (n = 12) and malignant (n = 24) thyroid nodules showing follicular cytology were assessed by immunohistochemistry for the expression of galectin‐3 and novel biomarkers.Results  Expression of hexokinase III (HK III) (P = 0·000) cyclin A (P = 0·002) and galectin‐3 (P = 0·003) differed significantly between benign and malignant thyroid nodules. HK III had a sensitivity of 79% [95% confidence interval (CI) 60–91] and a specificity of 100% (95% CI 76–100) in predicting malignancy. Galectin‐3 had a sensitivity of 79% (95% CI 56–91) and a specificity of 75% (95% CI 47–91) in predicting malignancy. Combining HK III, cyclin A and galectin‐3 in a parallel test increased the sensitivity to 96% (95% CI 80–99) while the specificity remained at a high level of 75% (95% CI 47–91). Leave‐one‐out cross‐validation demonstrated a stable predictive validity of a model based on HK III, cyclin A and galectin‐3.Conclusions  In this study, we have demonstrated that in addition to galectin‐3, HK III and cyclin A profiles could be important biomarkers in predicting malignancy in follicular thyroid nodules. The use of these biomarkers may allow an accurate preoperative diagnosis of thyroid cancer, which can be cost saving and may avoid serious morbidity such as vocal cord paralysis. The value of the suggested biomarkers warrants further evaluation in a large prospective study on cytological samples of follicular thyroid nodules.