bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Current Management Strategies of the Postmenopausal Patient with Sexual Health Problems
Authors: Goldstein Irwin 
Published: March 2007

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Sexual health concerns of menopausal women include decreases in sexual interest, arousal, lubrication, and orgasm, and increases in sexual pain, all of which may be associated with distress.

Aim
To review a step-care progression of sexual healthcare management: identification of the sexual health problem; education of the patient and the partner; modification of reversible causes; first-line therapies consisting of devices and medications; and second-line therapies with more invasive treatments including surgery.

Methods
The healthcare provider is presented with a clinical diagnosis and treatment paradigm that engages mind, body, and relationship issues proceeding step-wise in a rational and cost-effective fashion.

Main Outcome Measure
Literature review in women's sexual health.

Results
Women's health, including sexual health, is a fundamental human right. Supported by evidence-based data, a step-care approach to diagnosis and management of women with sexual health problems is advised. Multidisciplinary interventions should be considered as needed. Identification of sexual health concerns engages diagnostic components of psychologic consultation, history, physical examination, and laboratory testing as appropriate. Key to clinical assessment is the detailed sexual, medical, and psychosocial history. No agreement exists on necessary laboratory tests. Patient (and partner) education improves understanding of treatment options and expectations, and promotes a trusting patient–physician partnership. Modification of reversible causes includes sex therapy, lubricants, altering medications, modifying lifestyle and physical therapy for pelvic floor disorders. First-line therapies should be administered based upon diagnosis, needs, expectations, risks, benefits, and cost, and include medical devices and drugs such as hormones, vasoactive agents, dopamine agonists, topical steroids, anti-infectious agents, and analgesic agents. Second-line therapies, such as surgery, are initiated upon failure, insufficient response, or adverse side effects associated with one or more of the first-line therapies or patient preference.

Conclusions
For postmenopausal women with sexual dysfunction, a rational clinical management strategy begins with treatment options that are most reversible and least invasive and costly.
Polymorphism of ZuBeCa3 microsatellite and its association with mammary tumor in dogs
Authors: Bhattacharya T. K. , Rani S. , Maiti S. K. , Dayal S. , Kumar P. , Sharma A. 
Published: March 2007

SummaryA study was conducted to explore the genetic polymorphism at ZuBeCa3 microsatellite and to estimate the association between microsatellite polymorphism and mammary cancer in dogs. Three genotypes namely AA, AB and BB were observed both in dogs affected by mammary cancer and in non‐affected dogs. In the affected group, the frequency of genotype and allele was 0.63 for AA, 0.25 for AB and 0.12 for BB genotype, and 0.76 for A and 0.24 for B allele. In the nonaffected group, the frequency of AA, AB and BB genotype was 0.39, 0.38 and 0.23 and the frequency of A and B allele was 0.58 and 0.42, respectively. Histopathological observation classified the cancer‐affected animals into three groups namely, malignant solid mammary carcinoma, malignant papillary adenocarcinoma and benign papillary adenoma in which the frequency of A allele was relatively more predominant in benign tumor group, which is more than 80%. Statistical tests showed significant differences (P < 0.01) of allelic distribution between tumor‐affected and non‐affected group, which reveals the effect of polymorphism on occurrences of mammary cancer in dogs. Besides, χ2 test also reflected the significant effect of genotypes on occurrences of three groups of mammary cancer in dogs.
Mapping susceptibility gene locus for IgA deficiency at del(18)(q22.3–q23); report of familial cryptic chromosome t(18q; 10p) translocations
Authors: Dostal A. , Linnankivi T. , Somer M. , Kähkönen M. , Litzman J. , Tienari P. 
Published: March 2007

SummaryThis study presents a clinical report of the Finnish chromosome t(18q; 10p) translocation family with an overview of eight other selected immunoglobulin A (IgA)‐deficient 18q deletion (18q−) patients from seven published articles. The family members show features common to 18q− syndrome such as mental retardation, multiple facial dysmorphism, foot/hand deformities, abnormal myelination of brain white matter, and a spectrum of immunological/infectious disorders including IgA deficiency (IgAD). Genotype–phenotype correlation study of the unbalanced t(18q−; 10p+) translocation family members and other 18q− syndrome reports led to definition of a potential susceptibility gene locus for IgAD at distal region of 18q22.3–q23 between markers D18S812–18qter. The haplo‐insufficiency of the 18q22.3–q23 gene region is suggested to be a cause of the IgAD phenotype in 18q− individuals. This 7 Mb IgAD critical region shows significant association with susceptibility region for celiac disease that is frequently connected to IgAD.
Association between genetic polymorphisms in the human interleukin‐7 receptor α‐chain and inhalation allergy
Authors: Shamim Z. , Müller K. , Svejgaard A. , Poulsen L. K. , Bodtger U. , Ryder L. P. 
Published: March 2007

SummaryThymic stromal‐derived lymphopoietin (TSLP) and interleukin‐7 share a common receptor chain, IL‐7Rα. IL‐7 is involved in T‐cell homeostasis, and TSLP induces production of pro‐allergic cytokines. The gene encoding the IL‐7Rα chain is polymorphic, and investigation of inhalation allergic patients compared with controls showed significant association with two alleles at position +1237 and +2087.
Distribution Pattern of Photosynthetic Picoplankton and Heterotrophic Bacteria in the Northern South China Sea
Authors: Cai Yu‐Ming , Ning Xiu‐Ren , Liu Cheng‐Gang , Hao Qiang 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe environmental regulation of picoplankton distribution in the northern South China Sea was examined in winter and summer of 2004. The average abundance of Synechococcus, Prochlorococcus, and heterotrophic bacteria was lower in winter (30, 21, and 780 × 103 cells/cm3, respectively) than in summer (53, 85, and 1 090 × 103 cells/cm3, respectively), but the seasonal pattern was opposite for picoeukaryotic phytoplankton (4 500 and 3 200 cells/cm3 in winter and summer, respectively). Synechococcus, picoeukaryotes, and bacteria were most abundant in the nutrient‐rich coastal zone and continental shelf, but Prochlorococcus was most abundant in the continental slope and open ocean. The vertical distribution of each photosynthetic group and heterotrophic bacteria changed between the two seasons. Synechococcus populations with apparently different phycoerythrobilin content occurred at many stations in the summer. In addition, two different populations of Prochlorococcus were found: (i) small, weakly fluorescing cells in the surface layer; and (ii) larger, strongly fluorescent cells in the deep layer. The distribution pattern of photosynthetic picoplankton and heterotrophic bacteria depends on environmental effects and their ecophysiological differences. The distribution of Synechococcus appeared to be related to nutrient availability, whereas the distribution of Prochlorococcus appeared to be limited by temperature. Synechococcus was the only picophytoplankton with a consistent strong relationship with bacteria.
Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Responses in Young Leaves of Mulberry Plants Grown Under Nitrogen, Phosphorus or Potassium Deficiency
Authors: Tewari Rajesh Kumar , Kumar Praveen , Sharma Parma Nand 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe aim of this study was to associate the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) with induced antioxidant responses and disturbed cellular redox environment in the nitrogen‐(N), phosphorus‐(P), or potassium‐(K) deficient mulberry (Morus alba L. var. Kanva‐2) plants. The indicators of oxidative stress and cellular redox environment and antioxidant defense‐related parameters were analyzed. Deficiency of N, P or K suppressed growth, accelerated senescence, and decreased concentrations of chloroplastic pigments and glutathione. Lipid peroxidation and activities of superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione reductase were also increased in these N, P, or K deprived plants. Concentration of hydrogen peroxide increased in plants deficient in N or P. Deficiency of N or P particularly altered the cellular redox environment as indicated by changes in the redox couples, namely ascorbic acid/total ascorbate decreased in P‐, glutathione sulfydryl/total glutathione decreased in N‐, and increased in P‐deficient plants. Activity staining of native gels for superoxide dismutase revealed increased activity as indicated by increased intensity of bands, and induction of few new isoforms in P‐ and K‐deficient plants. Differences in the patterns of superoxide dismutase isoforms and redox status (ascorbic acid/total ascorbate and glutathione sulfydryl/total glutathione) indicate that N‐, P‐, or K‐deficiency altered antioxidant responses to varying extents in mulberry plants.
Theoretical Proof and Empirical Confirmation of a Continuous Labeling Method Using Naturally 13C‐Depleted Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Cheng Weixin , Dijkstra Feike A. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractContinuous isotope labeling and tracing is often needed to study the transformation, movement, and allocation of carbon in plant‐soil systems. However, existing labeling methods have numerous limitations. The present study introduces a new continuous labeling method using naturally 13C‐depleted CO2. We theoretically proved that a stable level of 13C‐CO2 abundance in a labeling chamber can be maintained by controlling the rate of CO2‐free air injection and the rate of ambient airflow with coupling of automatic control of CO2 concentration using a CO2 analyzer. The theoretical results were tested and confirmed in a 54 day experiment in a plant growth chamber. This new continuous labeling method avoids the use of radioactive 14C or expensive 13C‐enriched CO2 required by existing methods and therefore eliminates issues of radiation safety or unaffordable isotope cost, as well as creating new opportunities for short‐ or long‐term labeling experiments under a controlled environment.
Comparison of Vegetation Indices and Red‐edge Parameters for Estimating Grassland Cover from Canopy Reflectance Data
Authors: Liu Zhan‐Yu , Huang Jing‐Feng , Wu Xin‐Hong , Dong Yong‐Ping 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThere has been a great deal of interests in the estimation of grassland biophysical parameters such as percentage of vegetation cover (PVC), aboveground biomass, and leaf‐area index with remote sensing data at the canopy scale. In this paper, the percentage of vegetation cover was estimated from vegetation indices using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data and red‐edge parameters through the first derivative spectrum from in situ hypserspectral reflectance data. Hyperspectral reflectance measurements were made on grasslands in Inner Mongolia, China, using an Analytical Spectral Devices spectroradiometer. Vegetation indices such as the difference, simple ratio, normalized difference, renormalized difference, soil‐adjusted and modified soil‐adjusted vegetation indices (DVI, RVI, NDVI, RDVI, SAVIL = 0.5 and MSAVI2) were calculated from the hyperspectral reflectance of various vegetation covers. The percentage of vegetation cover was estimated using an unsupervised spectral‐contextual classifier automatically. Relationships between percentage of vegetation cover and various vegetation indices and red‐edge parameters were compared using a linear and second‐order polynomial regression. Our analysis indicated that MSAVI2 and RVI yielded more accurate estimations for a wide range of vegetation cover than other vegetation indices and red‐edge parameters for the linear and second‐order polynomial regression, respectively.
Isolation and Characterization of a Putative Class E Gene from Taihangia rupestris
Authors: Wang Yong‐Qiang , Tian Hui‐Yu , Du Xiao‐Qiu , Lü Shan‐Hua , Lu Wen‐Liang , Chong Kang , Meng Zheng 
Published: March 2007

AbstractStudies in model plants showed that SEPALLATA(SEP) genes are required for the identification of floral organs and the determination of floral meristems in Arabidopsis. In this paper a SEP homolog, TrSEP3, was isolated from a China‐specific species, Taihangia rupestrisi Yü et Li. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the gene belongs to the SEP3‐clade of SEP (previous AGL2) subfamily. In situ hybridization was used to reveal the potential functional specification, and the results showed that TrSEP3 expression was first observed in floral meristems and then confined to the floral primordia of the three inner whorls. In the matured flower, TrSEP3 was strongly expressed in the tips of pistils and weak in stamens and petals. The evolution force analysis shows that TrSEP3 might undergo a relaxed negative selection. These results suggested that TrSEP3 may not only function in determining the identity of floral meristems and the primordia of three inner whorls, but also function in matured reproductive organs.
High Glucose‐enhanced Acetylcholine Stimulated CGMP Masks Impaired Vascular Reactivity in Tail Arteries from Short‐Term Hyperglycemic Rats
Authors: Hamaty Marwan , Guzmán Cristina B. , Walsh Mary F. , Bode Ann M. , Levy Joseph , Sowers James R. 
Published: March 2007

Impaired vascular endothelium‐dependent relaxation
and augmented contractile responses have been
reported in several models of long‐term hyperglycemia.
However, the effects of short‐term ambient
hyperglycemia are poorly understood. Since oxidative
stress has been implicated as a contributor to
impaired vascular function, we investigated the
following:Aims: (1) the effects of high glucose exposure in vitro (7 – 10 days) on vascular relaxation to acetylcholine
(Ach) and contractility to norepinephrine (NE)
and KCl; (2) if NO‐dependent cGMP generation is
affected under these conditions; and (3) aortic redox
status.Methods: Non‐diabetic rat tail artery rings were
incubated in normal (5mM) (control NG) or high
(20mM) glucose buffer (control HG). Vascular responses
to Ach, NE and KCl were compared to
those of streptozotocin (SZ) diabetic animals in
the same buffers (diabetic NG, diabetic HG). Ach stimulated
cGMP levels were quantitated as an indirect
assessment of endothelial nitric oxide (NO)
production and oxidative stress evaluated by
measuring vascular glutathione and oxidized
glutathione.Results: Rings from diabetic rats in NG showed
impaired relaxation to Ach (P = 0.002) but relaxed
normally, when maintained in HG. Similarly, contractile
responses to NE were attenuated in diabetic
rings in NG but similar to controls in HG. HG
markedly augmented maximal contraction to KCl
compared to control and diabetic vessels in NG
(P < 0.0001). Diabetic vessels in a hyperosmolar, but
normoglycemic, milieu respond like those in HG.
in vitro, HG for 2 hours changed neither relaxation
nor contractile responses to NE and KCl in control
rings. Basal cGMP levels were lower in aortae
from diabetic animals pre‐incubated in NG than in
HG/LG or in control rings in NG (P < 0.05). cGMP
responses to Ach were exaggerated in diabetic vessels
in HG (P = 0.035 vs. control NG, P = 0.043 vs.
diabetic NG) but not different between control
and diabetic rings in NG. Vessels from diabetic
animals had lower levels of GISH (P < 0.0001) and
higher levels of GSSG (P < 0.0001) indicating oxidative
stress.Conclusions: Our data indicate that endothelium dependent relaxation is altered early in the diabetic state and that increased NO responses may compensate for augmented oxidative stress but the lack of effect of short‐term exposure of normal vessels to HG suggests that short‐term hyperglycemia per se does not cause abnormal vascular responses.
Association Between HIV in Pregnancy and Antiretroviral Therapy, Including Protease Inhibitors and Low Birth Weight Infants
Authors: Goldstein Phillip J. , Smit René , Stevens Monique , Sever John L. 
Published: March 2007

Objective:To determine the inciden’ce of low birth weight infants born to HIV seropositive women and to demonstrate any effects of antiretroviral therapy on birth weight.Methods:Retrospective review of all obstetrical medical records from January 1, 1995 through June 30, 1998 to identify HIV seropositive women. We evaluated their antiretroviral therapy, CD4 counts, and birth weights of their newborns. We conducted detailed review of the clinical and laboratory findings for the HIV-infected untreated patients, women who received ZDV antepartum alone, and those who received PIs as part of antiretroviral treatment.Results:The frequency of low birth weight infants was significantly increased in HIV seropositive compared to HIV seronegative parturients. Low birth weight infants were more frequent among HIV infected women with lower CD4 counts but the association was not statistically significant. Women who received no antepartum treatment, antepartum only ZDV, and those treated with PIs had significantly more low birth weight infants than did comparison groups. HIV seropositive women also had high frequencies of several obstetrical risk factors for low birth weight infants.Conclusion:The present study showed a significantly increased frequency of low birth weight infants among HIV infected women and especially the subgroups of infected women who received no antepartum treatment, antepartum ZDV only, and those treated with PIs. This association, however, may be related to the presence of many other preterm obstetrical risk factors noted in this study. Increasing numbers of HIV seropositive women are being treated with PIs according to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) guidelines. If PIs are a cause of low birth weight infants, women taking these drugs may have incremental risk of low birth weight. Infect. Dis. Obstet. Gynecol. 8:94–98; 2000.
Effect of Intravaginal Clindamycin Cream on Pregnancy Outcome and on Abnormal Vaginal Microbial Flora of Pregnant Women
Authors: Rosenstein Isobel J. , Morgan D. John , Lamont Ronald F. , Sheehan Marie , Doré Caroline J. , Hay Phillip E. , Taylor-Robinson David 
Published: March 2007

Objectives:To determine whether intravaginal clindamycin cream reduces the incidence of abnormal pregnancy outcome in women with abnormal vaginal microbial flora graded as intermediate or BV and to investigate the effect of the antibiotic on vaginal microbial flora.Methods:A prospective cohort study of pregnant women in an antenatal clinic of a district general hospital. The subjects were 268 women who had abnormal vaginal microbial flora at first clinic visit by examination of a Gram-stained vaginal smear and 34 women with a normal vaginal flora. Two hundred and thirty-seven women were evaluable. Women with abnormal Gram-stained smears (graded as II or III) on clinic recall were randomised to receive treatment (intravaginal clindamycin cream) or placebo and followed to assess outcome of pregnancy, vaginal flora, and detection ofMycoplasma hominisandUreaplasma urealyticumafter treatment.Results:Abnormal outcomes of pregnancy were not significantly different in treated and placebo groups by Chi square (P= 0.2). However, women with grade III flora responded better to clindamycin than women with grade II flora by numbers of abnormal outcomes (P= 0.03) and return to normal vaginal flora (P= 0.01) (logistic regression analysis model). This may be due to differences in vaginal bacterial species in these grades. Women whose abnormal vaginal flora had spontaneously returned to normal on follow-up and were therefore not treated (revertants) had as many abnormal outcomes as placebos suggesting that damage by abnormal bacterial species occurred early in pregnancy.Conclusions:Gram-stain screening distinguishing grade II from grade III flora may be helpful in prescribing treatment other than clindamycin for women with grade II flora. Earlier diagnosis and treatment may be more effective in preventing an abnormal outcome, possibly as soon as pregnancy is diagnosed or even offered as a pre-conception screen. Infect. Dis. Obstet. Gynecol. 8:158–165, 2000.
Vaginal‐Rectal Colonization With Group AStreptococci in Late Pregnancy
Authors: Mead Philip B. , Winn Washington C. 
Published: March 2007

Objective: To determine the vaginal‐rectal colonization rate with group A streptococci in late pregnancy.Methods: All patients delivering at a northern New England hospital over a 38 month period had
35–37 week vaginal‐rectal swabs cultured for group A and group B streptococci, using selective
media and slide agglutination.Results: Six thousand nine hundred forty‐four screening cultures were obtained. Among these
1,393 were positive for group B streptococci and 2 for group A streptococci, yielding colonization
rates of 20.1% and 0.03%, respectively.Conclusions: Vaginal‐rectal colonization with group A streptococci is rare, arguing against the
need for establishing group A streptococcal screening programs in pregnancy. An approach for
managing this uncommon finding is presented. Infect. Dis. Obstet. Gynecol. 8:217–219, 2000.
Q Fever During Pregnancy: An Emerging Cause ofPrematurity and Abortion
Authors: Jover-Díaz Francisco , Robert-Gates Jaqueline , Andreu-Gimenez Lucio , Merino-Sanchez Jaime 
Published: March 2007

Background: Although the pathogenic role of Coxiella burnetii infection during pregnancy is controversial, some cases of stillbirth and abortion occurring after an acute or chronic infection have been mentioned in the literature. Recently, Q fever has been advocated as a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in pregnancyCase: We describe an 18‐year‐old primipara woman admitted to our hospital for high fever and pancytopenia
during an acute C. burnetii infection. She was successfully treated with clarithromycin, overcoming fever and
pancytopenia. Finally, she gave birth to a healthy infant, and 1 year later both remained well.Conclusion: Q fever is a potentially serious disease in pregnancy owing to the possibility of placenta infection and fetal transmission affecting its outcome. Q fever infection should be suspected in unexplained febrile episodes or
abortion during pregnancy, when epidemiologic and clinical data are present.We believe that C. burnetii serology should be tested in cases of fever of known origin or unexplained abortions, as the TORCH infections are.