bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Telomerase activity in clinically normal dogs and dogs with malignant lymphoma
Authors: Carioto Lisa M. , Kruth Stephen A. , Betts Dean H. , King W. Allan 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjectives—To determine whether telomerase activity was present in lymph nodes, buffy coat, and serum samples from dogs with malignant lymphoma (ML) and in liver, lymph node, buffy coat, and serum samples from clinically normal dogsSample Population—Tissue specimens and blood samples were obtained from 11 clinically normal adult dogs (age range, 1 to 4 years) and 14 client-owned dogs with ML.Procedure—The telomere repeat amplification protocol assay was used to quantify telomerase activity in the tissues from clinically normal dogs and dogs with ML.Results—Of 11 clinically normal dogs, 8 had lymph node samples, 5 had liver samples, and 1 had buffy coat samples with detectable telomerase activity. None of the serum samples from the clinically normal dogs had detectable telomerase activity. Of 14 dogs with ML, 9 had lymph node samples, 3 had buffy coat samples, and 1 had serum samples with measurable telomerase activity.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Telomerase activity was not specific to tumor cells and overlapped with that found in cells from clinically normal dogs. Telomerase activity in neoplastic lymph nodes was not substantially different from that found in lymph nodes from clinically normal dogs. The determination of telomerase activity cannot be used as a sole diagnostic test for cancer. Therapeutic modalities directed toward the telomerase enzyme may not be feasible in dogs, because somatic tissues from clinically normal dogs possess variable amounts of telomerase activity. (Am J Vet Res2001;62:1442–1446)
Evaluation of a point-of-care coagulation analyzer for measurement of prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, and activated clotting time in dogs
Authors: Tseng Laura W. , Hughes Dez , Giger Urs 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To evaluate a point-of-care coagulation analyzer (PCCA) in dogs with coagulopathies and healthy dogs.Animals—27 healthy and 32 diseased dogs with and without evidence of bleeding.Procedure—Prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), and activated clotting time (ACT) were determined, using a PCCA and standard methods.Results—Using the PCCA, mean (± SD) PT of citrated whole blood (CWB) from healthy dogs was 14.5 ± 1.2 seconds, whereas PT of nonanticoagulated whole blood (NAWB) was 10.4 ± 0.5 seconds. Activated partial thromboplastin time using CWB was 86.4 ± 6.9 seconds, whereas aPTT was 71.2 ± 6.7 seconds using NAWB. Reference ranges for PT and aPTT using CWB were 12.2 to 16.8 seconds and 72.5 to 100.3 seconds, respectively. Activated clotting time in NAWB was 71 ± 11.8 seconds. Agreement with standard PT and aPTT methods using citrated plasma was good (overall agreement was 93% for PT and 87.5% for aPTT in CWB). Comparing CWB by the PCCA and conventional coagulation methods using citrated plasma, sensitivity and specificity were 85.7 and 95.5% for PT and 100 and 82.9% for aPTT, respectively. Overall agreement between the PCCA using NAWB and the clinical laboratory was 73% for PT and 88% for aPTT. Using NAWB for the PCCA and citrated plasma for conventional methods, sensitivity and specificity was 85.7 and 68.4% for PT and 86.7 and 88.9% for aPTT, respectively.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The PCCA detected intrinsic, extrinsic, and common pathway abnormalities in a similar fashion to clinical laboratory tests. (Am J Vet Res2001;62:1455–1460)
Nucleotide sequence of the canine α IIb gene from platelet-derived cDNA
Authors: Lipscomb Desireè L. , Bourne Candace , Boudreaux Mary K. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To determine the nucleotide sequence of
the α
IIb
gene from canine platelet-derived cDNA.

Animals—3 adult dogs.

Procedure—First-strand cDNA was prepared from
total RNA isolated from canine platelets. The cDNA
was amplified, using specific primers in polymerase
chain reaction (PCR), and the nucleotide sequence
was obtained from purified PCR products.

Results—Except for the nucleotide at position 694,
results of all sequencing reactions of α
IIb
were identical
for canine platelet-derived cDNA. Canine α
IIb
had 3
fewer codons than α
IIb
of humans. The nucleotide and
deduced amino acid sequences of full-length canine
α
IIb
shared ≥ 83% similarity with the sequences
established for humans. Segments of canine α
IIb

nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences were
≥ 78% similar to α
IIb
associated with 7 functional
domains (extracellular, transmembrane, cytoplasmic,
and 4 calcium-binding domains) in humans, with the
highest degree of similarity correlating with the
sequences of the 4 calcium-binding domains. Amino
acid residues associated with development of alloantibodies
in humans (Met837, Val837, Ile843, Ser843) are
not encoded by canine α
IIb
.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The nucleotide
variation at position 694 of canine α
IIb
may represent a
polymorphism. The species differences in the α
IIb

sequence may contribute to variations in receptor-li
gand interactions. The high degree of α
IIb
sequence
conservation of the 4 calcium-binding domains implies
functional importance. Some disorders associated with
α
IIb
β3 in dogs are clinically analogous to diseases in
humans, and results indicate that dogs are an appropriate
model for the evaluation of gene therapy and
other treatments of platelet-associated disorders. (Am
J Vet Res 2001;62:1486–1492)
Chronic ingestion of high concentrations of cholecalciferol in cats
Authors: Sih Tracey R. , Morris James G. , Hickman M. Anne 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine whether ingestion of 63 times the recommended amount of vitamin D3(cholecalciferol) results in renal calcification or damage in cats.Animals—20 four-month-old kittens, 17 queens, and 20 kittens born to these queens.Procedure—4-month-old kittens and queens were given a purified diet with 846 μg of cholecalciferol/kg of diet (high vitamin D3diet) or 118 μg of cholecalciferol/ kg of diet (control diet) for 18 months. Kittens born to queens were weaned onto the same diet given to dams.Results—There were no apparent adverse effects of the high vitamin D3diet. Plasma cholecalciferol and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25-OHD3) concentrations of queens and 4-month-old kittens given the high vitamin D3diet significantly increased with time. At 6 months, plasma cholecalciferol concentrations in these kittens and queens were 140.0 ± 7.3 nmol/L and 423.6 ± 26.6 nmol/L, respectively (10 times initial values). Corresponding 25-OHD3concentration in queens was 587.5 ± 59.4 nmol/L (2.5-fold increase over initial values). At 3 months of age, kittens born to queens given the high vitamin D3diet had an increase in serum BUN and calcium concentrations and a decrease in RBC and serum total protein, albumin, and hemoglobin concentrations. By 18 months, these kittens had an increase in plasma cholecalciferol (276.0 ± 22.2 nmol/L) and 25-OHD3(1,071.9 ± 115.3 nmol/L) concentrations. However, all indices of renal function and the appearance of renal tissue on histologic evaluation were normal.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—These results indicate that cats are resistant to cholecalciferol toxicosis when the diet is otherwise complete and balanced. (Am J Vet Res2001;62:1500–1506)
Experimental infection of cats with Tritrichomonas foetus
Authors: Gookin Jody L. , Levy Michael G. , Law J. Mac , Papich Mark G. , Poore Matthew F. , Breitschwerdt Edward B. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine whether infection withTritrichomonas foetuscauses diarrhea in specific pathogen-free orCryptosporidiumcoinfected cats.Animals—4 cats with subclinical cryptosporidiosis (group 1) and 4 specific-pathogen-free cats (group 2).Procedure—Cats were infected orogastrically with an axenic culture ofT foetusisolated from a kitten with diarrhea. Direct microscopy and protozoal culture of feces, fecal character, serial colonic mucosal biopsy specimens, and response to treatment with nitazoxanide (NTZ; group 1) or prednisolone (groups 1 and 2) were assessed.Results—Infection withT foetuspersisted in all cats for the entire 203-day study and resulted in diarrhea that resolved after 7 weeks. Group-1 cats had an earlier onset, more severe diarrhea, and increased number of trichomonads on direct fecal examination, compared with group-2 cats. Use of NTZ eliminated shedding ofT foetusandCryptosporidiumoocysts, but diarrhea consisting of trichomonad-containing feces recurred when treatment was discontinued. Prednisolone did not have an effect on infection withT foetusbut resulted in reappearance ofCryptosporidiumoocysts in the feces of 2 of 4 cats. During necropsy,T foetuswas isolated from contents of the ileum, cecum, and colon.Tritrichomonas foetusorganisms and antigen were detected on surface epithelia and within superficial detritus of the cecal and colonic mucosa.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—After experimental inoculation in cats,T foetusorganisms colonize the ileum, cecum, and colon, reside in close contact with the epithelium, and are associated with transient diarrhea that is exacerbated by coexisting cryptosporidiosis but not treatment with prednisolone. (Am J Vet Res2001;62:1690–1697)
Effect of topical anesthesia of the laryngeal mucosa on upper airway mechanics in exercising horses
Authors: Holcombe Susan J. , Derksen Frederik J. , Berney Cathy , Becker Adrianne C. , Horner Natalie T. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine the effect of desensitization of the laryngeal mucosal mechanoreceptors on upper airway mechanics in exercising horses.Animals—6 Standardbreds.Procedure—In study 1, videoendoscopic examinations were performed while horses ran on a treadmill with and without topical anesthesia of the laryngeal mucosa. In study 2, peak tracheal and nasopharyngeal pressures and airflows were obtained from horses during incremental treadmill exercise tests, with and without topical anesthesia of the laryngeal mucosa. A nasal occlusion test was performed on each horse while standing during an endoscopic examination for both trials.Results—In study 1, horses had nasopharyngeal collapse while running on the treadmill when the laryngeal mucosa was anesthetized. In study 2, inspiratory upper airway and nasopharyngeal impedance were significantly higher, and peak tracheal inspiratory pressure, respiratory frequency, and minute ventilation were significantly lower in horses when the laryngeal mucosa was anesthetized, compared with values obtained when horses exercised without topical anesthesia. Peak inspiratory and expiratory airflows were lower in horses when the laryngeal mucosa was anesthetized, although differences did not quite reach significance (P= 0.06 and 0.09, respectively). During a nasal occlusion test, horses had episodes of nasopharyngeal collapse and dorsal displacement of the soft palate when the laryngeal mucosa was anesthetized. Upper airway function was normal in these horses without laryngeal mucosal anesthesia.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Receptors within the laryngeal mucosa may be important in maintaining upper airway patency in exercising horses. (Am J Vet Res2001;62:1706–1710)
Repeatability of dorsolateral subluxation scores in dogs and correlation with macroscopic appearance of hip osteoarthritis
Authors: Lust George , Todhunter Rory J. , Erb Hollis N. , Dykes Nathan L. , Williams Alma J. , Burton-Wurster Nancy I. , Farese James P. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine whether dorsolateral subluxation (DLS) scores in young dogs could be used to reliably predict which dogs would develop evidence of hip osteoarthritis and whether DLS scores measured at various ages correlated with each other.Animals—129 Labrador Retrievers, Greyhounds, and Labrador Retriever-Greyhound crossbreds.Procedures—DLS scores were measured on radiographs taken at 4, 8, and 12 months of age and at necropsy (8 to 36 months of age). At necropsy, the hip joints were examined macroscopically and a score assigned for degree of cartilage degeneration.Results—DLS scores at 4 (n = 35,rs= –0.62), 8 (n = 106,rs= –0.54), and 12 (n = 15,rs= –0.87) months of age were significantly correlated with cartilage degeneration scores, and DLS scores at 8 months of age were significantly correlated with scores obtained at the time of necropsy (n = 39,rs= 0.87). The DLS scores at 4 months of age were significantly different from scores at 8 months of age, but scores did not differ significantly thereafter. Likelihood ratios for cartilage lesions for low (< 45%), intermediate (≥ 45 but ≤ 55%), and high (> 55%) DLS scores at 8 months of age were 8.0, 2.6, and 0.2, respectively.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that DLS score at 8 months of age was a reasonable, albeit imperfect, predictor of the condition of the hip joint cartilage at necropsy. Thus, the DLS method might be useful for early identification of dogs with hip dysplasia. (Am J Vet Res2001;62:1711–1715)
Activity of an injectable, sustained-release formulation of moxidectin administered prophylactically to mixed-breed dogs to prevent infection with Dirofilaria immitis
Authors: Lok James B. , Knight David H. , Wang G. T. , Doscher Mary E. , Nolan Thomas J. , Hendrick Mattie J. , Steber William , Heaney Kathleen 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To test the ability of a single injection of a sustained-release formulation of moxidectin (moxidectin SR) to protect dogs against heartworm infection for 180 days after inoculation with infective thirdstage larvae (L3) ofDirofilaria immitis.Animals—32 adult mixed-breed dogs.Procedure—Dogs were allocated to 4 groups on the basis of weight and sex. Dogs were injected SC with saline (0.9% NaCl) solution or moxidectin SR at the rate of 0.06, 0.17, or 0.5 mg/kg of body weight (day 0). Each dog was inoculated SC with 50D immitisL3 180 days later. On days 330 and 331, dogs were euthanatized. The heart, lungs, and thoracic cavity were examined, and number and sex of heartworms were determined.Results—A mean of 35.9 heartworms was recovered from untreated control dogs. Fourteen worms were recovered from 1 of 8 dogs given moxidectin SR at the lowest dosage, and none of the dogs in the 2 highest moxidectin treatment groups were infected. Small barely palpable granulomas were detected at injection sites of moxidectin-treated dogs. Frequency and size of granulomas were positively correlated with dose of moxidectin administered.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—A single dose of moxidectin SR at a dosage as low as 0.17 mg/kg can safely and reliably confer complete protection against infection after challenge-exposure withD immitisL3, and protection lasts for at least 180 days. This mode of prophylactic treatment against infection with heartworms effectively eliminates failure of prophylaxis that results from erratic administration of medications designed for monthly administration. (Am J Vet Res2001;62:1721–1726)
Pressure profilometry of the lumbosacral disk in dogs
Authors: Mitchell Richard A. S. , Innes John F. , McNally Donal 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To investigate the biomechanical behavior
of the lumbosacral disk under compressive load in
dogs, using pressure profilometry, and to investigate
the relationship between pressure profile features
and background and disease variables.

Sample Population—23 lumbosacral disks and adjacent
vertebrae harvested from medium and large
breed dogs.

Procedure—A 1.3-mm unidirectional needle-mounted
pressure transducer was inserted into the disk in a
ventral-to-dorsal manner while the disk was loaded in
compression by a materials testing machine.
Withdrawal of the transducer resulted in a pressure
profile for cranial and lateral stress. Pressure profiles
were analyzed, and relationships to age and gross evidence
of degeneration were investigated.

Results—There was a moderate positive correlation
between age and degree of nuclear degeneration
(r
s = 0.420, P = 0.046), but no relationship between
age and mean nuclear pressure was detected. Mean
nuclear pressure correlated negatively with severity of
degenerative changes in the nucleus pulposus.
Receiver operator characteristic curves to evaluate
mean nuclear pressure as a diagnostic test for nuclear
degeneration revealed a sensitivity and specificity of
82 and 83%, respectively. In addition, age was moderately
correlated with the magnitude of stress peaks
(r
s = –0.571, P = 0.004). Stress peaks were not related
to the severity of nuclear degeneration.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Determination
of the mean nuclear pressure by disk profilometry
provides information on the severity of lumbosacral
disk degeneration with a high degree of sensitivity
and specificity. The magnitude of single stress
peaks within the dorsal annulus fibrosus is correlated
with age and may not necessarily reflect advancing
degeneration. (Am J Vet Res 2001;62:1734–1739)
Validation of a novel high-sensitivity radioimmunoassay procedure for measurement of total thyroxine concentration in psittacine birds and snakes
Authors: Greenacre Cheryl B. , Young Diane W. , Behrend Ellen N. , Wilson G. Heather 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To validate a novel high-sensitivity radioimmunoassay (RIA) procedure developed to accurately measure the relatively low serum total thyroxine (T4) concentrations of birds and reptiles and to establish initial reference ranges for T4concentration in selected species of psittacine birds and snakes.Animals—56 healthy nonmolting adult psittacine birds representing 6 species and 42 captive snakes representing 4 species.Procedure—A solid-phase RIA designed to measure free T4concentrations in dialysates of human serum samples was used without dialysis to evaluate total T4concentration in treated samples obtained from birds and reptiles. Serum T4binding components were removed to allow assay of undialyzed samples. Assay validation was assessed by determining recovery of expected amounts of T4in treated samples that were serially diluted or to which T4was added. Intra- and interassay coefficient of variation (CV) was determined.Results—Mean recovery of T4added at 4 concentrations ranged from 84.9 to 115.0% and 95.8 to 119.4% in snakes and birds, respectively. Intra- and interassay CV was 3.8 and 11.3%, respectively. Serum total T4concentrations for 5 species of birds ranged from 2.02 to 7.68 nmol/L but ranged from 3.17 to 142 nmol/L for blue-fronted Amazon parrots; concentrations ranged from 0.21 to 6.06 nmol/L for the 4 species of snakes.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—This new RIA method provides a commercially available, accurate, and sensitive method for measurement of the relatively low serum T4concentrations of birds and snakes. Initial ranges for the species evaluated were established. (Am J Vet Res2001;62:1750–1767)
Correlations among time and frequency measures of heart rate variability recorded by use of a Holter monitor in overtly healthy Doberman Pinschers with and without echocardiographic evidence of dilated cardiomyopathy
Authors: Calvert Clay A. , Wall T. Michelle 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine correlations between timedomain and frequency-domain variables of heart rate variability (HRV) derived from 24-hour recordings obtained by use of an ambulatory electrocardiographic recorder (Holter monitor).Animals—59 overtly healthy Doberman Pinschers (41 without echocardiographic evidence of cardiomyopathy and 18 with precongestive heart failure attributable to cardiomyopathy).Procedure—The HRV was analyzed from 24-hour recordings. Variables were calculated from the entire 24-hour recording as well as 4 user-selected time epochs. Comparisons were made for total power to SD of normal beat-to-normal-beat (NN) intervals (SDNN), ultra-low frequency power to SD of the means of NN intervals, low-frequency power and verylow- frequency power to mean of the SD of NN intervals, and high-frequency (HF) power to the root mean square successive difference of NN intervals (RMSSD) and percentage of NN intervals that varied from the previous NN interval by > 50 milliseconds (PNN50).Results—58 of 66 (88%) comparisons revealed significant values, indicating that relationships between variables were not random (r> 0.7 in 41 of 66 [62%]) comparisons). Strong correlations (r> 0.8) were found between the square root of total power and SDNN and between HF power and RMSSD.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Time-domain surrogates for variables of frequency-domain analysis variables that correlated in the dogs reported here are the same ones that reportedly correlate in humans. When 24-hour recordings obtained by use of a Holter monitor are used to calculate HRV, SDNN and total power as well as RMSSD and HF power are interchangeable. (Am J Vet Res2001;62:1787–1792)
In vitro efficacy of chemotherapeutics as determined by 50% inhibitory concentrations in cell cultures of mammary gland tumors obtained from dogs
Authors: Simon Daniella , Knebel Jan W. , Baumgärtner Wolfgang , Aufderheide Michaela , Meyer-Lindenberg Andrea , Nolte Ingo 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine the 50% inhibitory concentration (IC-50) of carboplatin, cisplatin, and doxorubicin in cell cultures of mammary gland tumors obtained from dogs and to assess whether in vitro efficacy was within the range of clinically relevant concentrations.Sample Population—30 mammary gland tumors excised from dogs.Procedure—Cell cultures were established from the 30 tumors. Cultures then were treated with carboplatin, cisplatin, or doxorubicin. Growth inhibition of cultures was assessed via DNA measurement 24, 48, and 72 hours after treatment. The IC-50 values were calculated by use of linear interpolation.Results—Cultures varied in their pattern of susceptibility. Doxorubicin induced significantly lower IC-50 values than the platinum derivatives. Cisplatin and carboplatin had comparable effects. The IC-50 values for carboplatin and doxorubicin were in the range of clinically relevant concentrations, but only part of the cisplatin cultures had IC-50 values within clinically relevant concentrations. We did not detect differences in the in vitro susceptibility among subtypes of tumors (ie, adenocarcinoma, solid carcinoma, malignant mixed tumor).Conclusion and Clinical Relevance—The IC-50 values determined in this study allowed assessment of in vitro drug efficacy of chemotherapeutics in cultures of mammary gland tumors obtained from dogs. Variations in susceptibility were evident and emphasize the importance of assessing susceptibility and resistance patterns for each tumor. Prospective studies to assess direct correlations between in vitro and in vivo efficacy must be performed to determine the clinical predictive value of this in vitro chemosensitivity assay for treatment of dogs with mammary gland tumors. (Am J Vet Res2001;62:1825–1830)