bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The extraterrestrial hypothesis: an epistemological case for removing the taboo
Authors: Lane William C. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The extraterrestrial hypothesis (ETH), the hypothesis that an extraterrestrial civilization (ETC) is active on Earth today, is taboo in academia, but the assumptions behind this taboo are faulty. Advances in biology have rendered the notion that complex life is rare in our Galaxy improbable. The objection that no ETC would come to Earth to hide from us does not consider all possible alien motives or means. For an advanced ETC, the convergent instrumental goals of all rational agents – self-preservation and the acquisition of resources – would support the objectives of removing existential threats and gathering strategic and non-strategic information. It could advance these objectives by proactively gathering information about and from inhabited planets, concealing itself while doing so, and terminating potential rivals before they become imminently dangerous. Other hypotheses of ETC behavior, including the zoo/interdict hypothesis and the dark forest hypothesis also undercut the claim that the ETH is highly improbable, and the ETH overturns none of our well-tested scientific knowledge. It follows that evidence offered in its support need not be extraordinary. The fact that most reports of unidentified anomalous phenomena (UAP) have natural or human explanations does not count against the ETH. Inference to the best explanation offers a way to find evidence for the hypothesis and some evidence exists, some of it taking the form of reliable witness reports. The most plausible alternative explanation for some UAP declines in probability over time. A hypothesis that does not contradict well-established facts or theories, is not highly improbable for other reasons, and explains otherwise unexplained evidence is a rational hypothesis. Since the ETH meets this test, it should be evaluated alongside other possibilities when the case-specific evidence warrants it.
Sleep disturbances in adults with chronic kidney disease: an umbrella review
Authors: Chu Ginger , Matricciani Lisa , Russo Sarah , Viecelli Andrea K. , Jesudason Shilpanjali , Bennett Paul , Fernandez Ritin 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
This umbrella review aimed to synthesise the existing evidence on sleep disturbances and sleep disorders in the adult chronic kidney disease (CKD) population.

Methods
A systematic search across five electronic databases. Reviews were grouped according to aspects of sleep and the focus of the review. The JBI critical appraisal checklist was used for quality assessment, and Preferred Reporting Items for Overviews of Reviews (PRIOR) guideline was used for reporting. The protocol was registered in the international registry PROSPERO (CRD42024527039).

Results
We identified 50 reviews covering three main aspects of sleep (sleep apnoea, restless legs syndrome and other sleep disturbances) across five focus areas (prevalence, interventions, health outcomes, determinants of sleep and patient experience). Most reviews reported on sleep disturbances (72%, 36 reviews) and focused on interventions (58%, 29 reviews). In contrast, evidence on sleep determinants and patient experience was limited. A high prevalence of sleep apnoea (49%), restless legs syndrome (27.2%) and other sleep disturbances (55%) was reported. Non-pharmacological interventions, including aromatherapy, dialysis, muscle relaxation, yoga, music, and nurse-led management, were found to improve sleep. However, this evidence was based on a single meta-analysis with few primary studies.

Conclusions
Despite the growing number of reviews on interventions to improve sleep, the evidence for their effectiveness is limited by the small number of primary studies and the high degree of overlap between reviews. Further research is needed to identify effective interventions. Additionally, qualitative studies exploring patients’ perspectives on sleep are essential, as evidence in this area remains scarce.

Graphical abstract
Structural Mechanisms of Quasi-2D Perovskites for Next-Generation Photovoltaics
Authors: Lee Hyeonseok , Moon Taeho , Lee Younghyun , Kim Jinhyun 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Quasi-two-dimensional (2D) perovskite embodies characteristics of both three-dimensional (3D) and 2D perovskites, achieving the superior external environment stability structure of 2D perovskites alongside the high efficiency of 3D perovskites. This effect is realized through critical structural modifications in device fabrication. Typically, perovskites have an octahedral structure, generally ABX3, where an organic ammonium cation (A') participates in forming the perovskite structure, with A'(n) (n = 1 or 2) sandwiched between A(n-1)B(n)X(3n+1) perovskite layers. Depending on whether A' is a monovalent or divalent cation, 2D perovskites are classified into Ruddlesden-Popper perovskite or Dion-Jacobson perovskite, each generating different structures. Although each structure achieves similar effects, they incorporate distinct mechanisms in their formation. And according to these different structures, various properties appear, and additive and optimizing methods to increase the efficiency of 3D perovskites also exist in 2D perovskites. In this review, scientific understanding and engineering perspectives of the quasi-2D perovskite is investigated, and the optimal structure quasi-2D and the device optimization is also discussed to provide the insight in the field.
Character Strengths as Coping Strategies for Daily Challenges: A Qualitative Study Among Adult Refugees
Authors: Hendriks Tom , van Treeck Jorien , Chaya Ranim , de Jong Joop T. V. M. , van Woerkom Marianne 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Character strengths are positive traits and qualities that are an integral part of an individual’s personality. These strengths can function as protective factors against mental disorders by providing traumatized refugees with resources and tools to cope with stressors and daily challenges. The purpose of the current study was to explore the role of character strengths of refugees in the Netherlands in their problem-focused and/or emotional-focused coping strategies to deal with daily challenges. We interviewed 26 refugees who attained a temporary asylum residence permit and who lived in an asylum seeker center (AZC) or a municipality in the Netherlands. Qualitative data analyses yielded five key character strengths, namely self-regulation, perseverance, gratitude, love of learning, and hope. Patience and adaptability were two additional strengths that function as specific self-regulation techniques. Our findings also suggest a shift from emotion-focused coping strategies during the stay at an asylum seeker center towards problem-focused coping when living in a municipality. Depending on the migration phase in which refugees find themselves, they apply different character strengths in relation to emotion-focused or problem-focused coping strategies. Interventions that aim to increase the well-being of refugees and contribute to successful integration into society should consider relevant contextual factors, in addition to cultural factors.
Web-based phishing URL detection model using deep learning optimization techniques
Authors: Barik Kousik , Misra Sanjay , Mohan Raghini 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Phishing is a cyber-attack in which the attacker redirects Internet users to fraudulent websites. Fake websites look very similar to legitimate ones, leading users to trust them and disclose sensitive information. Despite the available methods, these attacks have grown exponentially, emphasizing the need for advanced techniques. This study proposes an EGSO-CNN model to detect web phishing by integrating features and optimizing deep learning (DL) techniques. A novel dataset has been created to address the availability of existing updated phishing datasets. The StandardScaler and Variational Autoencoders (VAE) are employed for preprocessing and feature extraction. The Enhanced Grid Search Optimization (EGSO) technique optimizes the model's performance. The proposed model yields an accuracy of 99.44%, a recall of 99.21%, and an f1-score of 99.32% with low false positive and error rates. The presented model can assist management by selecting effective phishing detection strategies to enhance customer delight.
Air quality in the U.S. during the 2023 wildfire season
Authors: Dinavahi Siddhi , Archer Cristina L. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
During the summer of 2023, Canada was devastated by a series of large and uncontrolled wildfires that set the unprecedented record of over 40 million acres burned and over 120,000 people evacuated. The smoke from the Canadian wildfires reached the U.S. and negatively affected the air quality in several states. The goal of this paper is to document the U.S. air quality in 2023 within the historical and regulatory contexts; more specifically, to compare the concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and tropospheric ozone (O3), assessed using statistics as close as possible to those recommended for comparison against the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS), in 2023 against those in the past 20 years. We report that the year 2023 was an anomaly, meaning that the well-established trend of decreasing concentrations and improving air quality was suddenly reversed in 2023, with national-median PM2.5 and O3 concentrations exceeding 32 µ

$$\text {g}$$

g

$$\text {m}^{-3}$$

m

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3

and 75 parts per billion (ppb), respectively. These values had not been reached since 2007 and 2012 for PM2.5 and O3, respectively. Out of 50 states (plus the District of Columbia), 42 and 45 experienced summer-average concentrations in 2023 that were higher than those in 2013–2022 for PM2.5 and O3, respectively. For PM2.5, the states that experienced the highest concentrations in 2023 were: California, Oregon, and North Dakota with 148, 135, and 67µ

$$\text {g}$$

g

$$\text {m}^{-3}$$

m

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3

; for O3, they were: California, Utah, Texas, and Illinois with 107, 99, 90, and 86 ppb. In summary, in the year 2023 the air quality in the U.S. was the worst of the past 15 and 10 years in terms of PM2.5 and O3, respectively.
Voice analysis and deep learning for detecting mental disorders in pregnant women: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Ooba Hikaru , Maki Jota , Masuyama Hisashi 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Introduction
Perinatal mental disorders are prevalent, affecting 10–20% of pregnant women, and can negatively impact both maternal and neonatal outcomes. Traditional screening tools, such as the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), present limitations due to subjectivity and time constraints in clinical settings. Recent advances in voice analysis and machine learning have shown potential for providing more objective screening methods. This study aimed to develop a deep learning model that analyzes the voices of pregnant women to screen for mental disorders, thereby offering an alternative to the traditional tools.

Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted among 204 pregnant women, from whom voice samples were collected during their one-month postpartum checkup. The audio data were preprocessed into 5000 ms intervals, converted into mel-spectrograms, and augmented using TrivialAugment and context-rich minority oversampling. The EfficientFormer V2-L model, pretrained on ImageNet, was employed with transfer learning for classification. The hyperparameters were optimized using Optuna, and an ensemble learning approach was used for the final predictions. The model’s performance was compared to that of the EPDS in terms of sensitivity, specificity, and other diagnostic metrics.

Results
Of the 172 participants analyzed (149 without mental disorders and 23 with mental disorders), the voice-based model demonstrated a sensitivity of 1.00 and a recall of 0.82, outperforming the EPDS in these areas. However, the EPDS exhibited higher specificity (0.97) and precision (0.84). No significant difference was observed in the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve between the two methods (p = 0.759).

Discussion
The voice-based model showed higher sensitivity and recall, suggesting that it may be more effective in identifying at-risk individuals than the EPDS. Machine learning and voice analysis are promising objective screening methods for mental disorders during pregnancy, potentially improving early detection.

Conclusion
We developed a lightweight machine learning model to analyze pregnant women's voices for screening various mental disorders, achieving high sensitivity and demonstrating the potential of voice analysis as an effective and objective tool in perinatal mental health care.
Review of advanced fabric composite liners for enhancing tribological performance on self-lubricating joint bearings
Authors: Zhu Chuang , Chen Qianfang , Liu Xuqing 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Self-lubricating joint bearings play an important role in the field of aviation because they have advantageous attributes of simple structures, strong load-bearing capacity and free maintenance. Fabric composite liners, as an emerging frictional material for self-lubricating spherical bearings, have been widely studied due to their long service life, design flexibility and self-lubrication characteristics. Recently, the increasing use of fabric composite liners has promoted extensive investigation into enhancing their tribological properties. In this review, the research progress of fabric composite liner is summarized, which mainly includes external experimental parameters, fabric weaving methods, surface modification techniques and resin filling strategies. Finally, key challenges and future directions of advanced fabric composite liners with enhanced tribological performance are examined along with an analysis of possible solutions.
Real-time holographic camera for obtaining real 3D scene hologram
Authors: Li Zhao-Song , Liu Chao , Li Xiao-Wei , Zheng Yi , Huang Qian , Zheng Yi-Wei , Hou Ye-Hao , Chang Chen-Liang , Zhang Da-Wei , Zhuang Song-Lin , Wang Di , Wang Qiong-Hua 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
As a frontier technology, holography has important research values in fields such as bio-micrographic imaging, light field modulation and data storage. However, the real-time acquisition of 3D scenes and high-fidelity reconstruction technology has not yet made a breakthrough, which has seriously hindered the development of holography. Here, a novel holographic camera is proposed to solve the above inherent problems completely. The proposed holographic camera consists of the acquisition end and the calculation end. At the acquisition end of the holographic camera, specially configured liquid materials and liquid lens structure based on voice-coil motor-driving are used to produce the liquid camera, so that the liquid camera can quickly capture the focus stack of the real 3D scene within 15 ms. At the calculation end, a new structured focus stack network (FS-Net) is designed for hologram calculation. After training the FS-Net with the focus stack renderer and learnable Zernike phase, it enables hologram calculation within 13 ms. As the first device to achieve real-time incoherent acquisition and high-fidelity holographic reconstruction of a real 3D scene, our proposed holographic camera breaks technical bottlenecks of difficulty in acquiring the real 3D scene, low quality of the holographic reconstructed image, and incorrect defocus blur. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our holographic camera in the acquisition of focal plane information and hologram calculation of the real 3D scene. The proposed holographic camera opens up a new way for the application of holography in fields such as 3D display, light field modulation, and 3D measurement.
Genomics of pediatric cardiomyopathy
Authors: Lee Teresa M. , Ware Stephanie M. , Kamsheh Alicia M. , Bhatnagar Surbhi , Absi Mohammed , Miller Elyse , Purevjav Enkhsaikhan , Ryan Kaitlin A. , Towbin Jeffrey A. , Lipshultz Steven E. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Cardiomyopathy in children is a leading cause of heart failure and cardiac transplantation. Disease-associated genetic variants play a significant role in the development of the different subtypes of disease. Genetic testing is increasingly being recognized as the standard of care for diagnosing this heterogeneous group of disorders, guiding management, providing prognostic information, and facilitating family-based risk stratification. The increase in clinical and research genetic testing within the field has led to new insights into this group of disorders. Mutations in genes encoding sarcomere, cytoskeletal, Z-disk, and sarcolemma proteins appear to play a major role in causing the overlapping clinical phenotypes called cardioskeletal myopathies through “final common pathway” links. For myocarditis, the high frequency of infectious exposures and wide spectrum of presentation suggest that genetic factors mediate the development and course of the disease, including genetic risk alleles, an association with cardiomyopathy, and undiagnosed arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy. Finally, while we have made strides in elucidating the genetic architecture of pediatric cardiomyopathy, understanding the clinical implications of variants of uncertain significance remains a major issue. The need for continued genetic innovation in this field remains great, particularly as a basis to drive forward targeted precision medicine and gene therapy efforts.

Impact

Cardiomyopathy and skeletal myopathy can occur in the same patient secondary to gene mutations that encode for sarcomeric or cytoskeletal proteins, which are expressed in both muscle groups, highlighting that there are common final pathways of disease.

The heterogeneous presentation of myocarditis is likely secondary to a complex interaction of multiple environmental and genetic factors, suggesting a utility to genetic testing in pediatric patients with myocarditis, particularly those in higher risk groups.

Given the high prevalence of variants of uncertain significance in genetic testing, better bioinformatic tools and pipelines are needed to resolve their clinical meaning.
Anaerobic metabolism promotes breast cancer survival via Histone-3 Lysine-18 lactylation mediating PPARD axis
Authors: Xu Ying , Meng Weiwei , Dai Yingqi , Xu Lin , Ding Ning , Zhang Jinqing , Zhuang Xuewei 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Histone lactylation plays a crucial role in cancer progression, but its impact on breast cancer (BC) tumorigenesis is still unclear. We utilized chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing with H3K18la antibodies, transcriptomics of clinical BC samples, and proteomics and ATAC-seq analyses of in vivo tumors to identify the genes regulated by H3K18la and the transcription factor PPARD. qPCR and Western blot assays were used to detect expressions of molecules. We discovered that H3K18la levels were higher in BC tissues compared to adjacent non-cancerous tissues. H3K18la promoted the expression of PPARD, which in turn influenced the transcription of AKT, but not ILK. ATAC-seq analysis revealed that glycolysis in BC cells enhanced chromatin accessibility. Additionally, we confirmed that HDAC2 and HDAC3 act as “erasers” for H3 lysine lactylation. During the proteomics analysis, AKT-phosphorylation in the aerobic respiration inhibitor group exhibited an apparent disparity and activity. Our study demonstrated that changes in H3K18la in BC and its downstream transcription factor PPARD support cell survival under anaerobic glycolysis conditions. PPARD accelerated cancer proliferation by promoting the transcription and phosphorylation of AKT. This highlights the therapeutic potential of targeting the H3K18la/PPARD/AKT axis in breast cancer, providing new insights into epigenetic regulation and cancer metabolism (Trial registration: The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee Shandong Provincial Third Hospital (KYLL-2023057; https://www.medicalresearch.org.cn/)).
Internal limiting membrane peel size and macular hole surgery outcome: a systematic review and individual participant data study of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Teh Boon Lin , Li Yanda , Nanji Keean , Phillips Mark , Chaudhary Varun , Steel David H. ,   ILM Peel Size Study Group, Sinawat Suthasinee , Kang Se Woong , Bae Kunho , Riazi-Esfahani Hamid , Khalili Pour Elias , Khodabande Alireza , Qu Jinfeng , Zhao Mingwei , Yao Yuou , Sadda Srinivas , Modi Aditya , Anantharaman Giridhar 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
There is no consensus regarding the optimal internal limiting membrane (ILM) peel size during vitrectomy for idiopathic full thickness macular holes (iFTMH).

Methods
A systematic review was performed to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing vitrectomy with ILM peeling of differing sizes in adults with iFTMH. Individual participant data was obtained including relevant baseline variables. The effect of different ILM peel sizes, divided into “small” (1-disc diameter [DD] in radius or less) and “large” (>1-DD in radius) were analysed on primary hole closure and postoperative visual acuity (VA) at 6 months. A subgroup analysis analysing for the effect of macular hole size on the same outcomes was also performed. Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations (GRADE) was used to assess the certainty of evidence.

Results
Five RCTs with 370 eyes were included. Primary closure was achieved in 74.7% in small peel group compared to 84.8% in large peel group (p = 0.016). Multilevel logistic regression showed that a peel radius of >1-DD probably improved hole closure slightly with odds ratio (OR) of 1.20 (95% CI: 1.11–1.31, p < 0.001) and a number needed to treat (NNT) to benefit of 31 (95% CI: 21–53). ILM peel size likely did not affect VA. The mean difference in postoperative VA was a -0.05 logMAR gain (2-3 ETDRS letters) (95% CI: −0.13 to 0.02, p = 0.155) in vision with a large ILM peel radius. The GRADE certainty of evidence was moderate for both outcomes. A significantly higher closure rate was found in the large peel group for iFTMH >400 microns with an OR of 1.24 (95% CI: 1.11–1.38, p < 0.001) and NNT to benefit of 21 (95% CI: 17–50), but not in holes <400 microns (OR 1.05 (95% CI: 0.93–1.18, p = 0.396)).

Conclusions
Performing ILM peel of more than 1-DD in radius likely improves closure rates for iFTMH although the effect size is relatively small. The effect is greater in holes >400 microns. ILM peel size probably has no significant effect on postoperative VA.
R-loops acted on by RNase H1 influence DNA replication timing and genome stability in Leishmania
Authors: Damasceno Jeziel D. , Briggs Emma M. , Krasilnikova Marija , Marques Catarina A. , Lapsley Craig , McCulloch Richard 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Genomes in eukaryotes normally undergo DNA replication in a choreographed temporal order, resulting in early and late replicating chromosome compartments. Leishmania, a human protozoan parasite, displays an unconventional DNA replication program in which the timing of DNA replication completion is chromosome size-dependent: larger chromosomes complete replication later then smaller ones. Here we show that both R-loops and RNase H1, a ribonuclease that resolves RNA-DNA hybrids, accumulate in Leishmania major chromosomes in a pattern that reflects their replication timing. Furthermore, we demonstrate that such differential organisation of R-loops, RNase H1 and DNA replication timing across the parasite’s chromosomes correlates with size-dependent differences in chromatin accessibility, G quadruplex distribution and sequence content. Using conditional gene excision, we show that loss of RNase H1 leads to transient growth perturbation and permanently abrogates the differences in DNA replication timing across chromosomes, as well as altering levels of aneuploidy and increasing chromosome instability in a size-dependent manner. This work provides a link between R-loop homeostasis and DNA replication timing in a eukaryotic parasite and demonstrates that orchestration of DNA replication dictates levels of genome plasticity in Leishmania.