bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamic viscoelasticity of low‐density polyethylene/in‐situ‐grafted carbon black composite
Authors: Wu Gang , Zheng Qiang , Zhang Mingqiu , Hou Yanhui 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe study on the dynamic viscoelastic properties of grafted carbon black (g‐CB) filled low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) was carried out. Because of formation of CB networking, the characteristic modulus plateau and loss tangent arc appears. Addition of grafting monomer like butyl acrylate (BA) and acroleic acid (AA) enhances the interaction between particles and matrix due to accelerated formation of micronetworking in the composites induced by forming branch chains of AA and BA with multiunit. The decrease of the temperature corresponding to αc mechanical relaxation together with AA (BA) addition given by the position of loss tangent (tan δ) peak for LDPE is owed to the formation of long‐chain polymer grafted between CB and the matrix, which facilitates the slip of the lamella of LDPE. The influence of maleic anhydride (MA) on enhancing interaction between LDPE and CB is not so pronounced, as compared with AA and BA because of no formation of long chain between CB particle and polymer matrix. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 4127–4132, 2006
Catalytic potential of a poly(AAc‐co‐HPMA‐cl MBAm)‐matrix‐immobilized lipase from a thermotolerant Pseudomonas aeruginosa MTCC‐4713
Authors: Kanwar Shamsher S. , Verma Hemant K. , Kaushal Rajeev K. , Gupta R. , Kumar Yogesh , Chimni Swapandeep S. , Chauhan Ghansham S. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractA purified alkaline thermo‐tolerant lipase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa MTCC‐4713 was immobilized on a series of five noble weakly hydrophilic poly(AAc‐co‐HPMA‐cl MBAm) hydrogels. The hydrogel synthesized by copolymerizing acrylic acid and 2‐hydroxy propyl methacrylate in a ratio of 5 : 1 (HG5:1 matrix) showed maximum binding efficiency for lipase (95.3%, specific activity 1.96 IU mg−1 of protein). The HG5:1 immobilized lipase was evaluated for its hydrolytic potential towards p‐NPP by studying the effect of various physical parameters and salt‐ions. The immobilized lipase was highly stable and retained ∼92% of its original hydrolytic activity after fifth cycle of reuse for hydrolysis of p‐nitrophenyl palmitate at pH 7.5 and temperature 55°C. However, when the effect of pH and temperature was studied on free and bound lipase, the HG5:1 immobilized lipase exhibited a shift in optima for pH and temperature from pH 7.5 and 55°C to 8.5 and 65°C in free and immobilized lipase, respectively. At 1 mM concentration, Fe3+, Hg2+, NH4+, and Al3+ ions promoted and Co2+ ions inhibited the hydrolytic activities of free as well as immobilized lipase. However, exposure of either free or immobilized lipase to any of these ions at 5 mM concentration strongly increased the hydrolysis of p‐NPP (by ∼3–4 times) in comparison to the biocatalysts not exposed to any of the salt ions. The study concluded that HG5:1 matrix efficiently immobilized lipase of P. aeruginosa MTCC‐4713, improved the stability of the immobilized biocatalyst towards a higher pH and temperature than the free enzyme and interacted with Fe3+, Hg2+, NH4+, and Al3+ ions to promote rapid hydrolysis of the substrate (p‐NPP). © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 4252–4259, 2006
Comparison of genetic algorithms for experimental multi‐objective optimization on the example of medium design for cyanobacteria
Authors: Havel Jan , Link Hannes , Hofinger Michael , Franco‐Lara Ezequiel , Weuster‐Botz Dirk 
Published: March 2006

AbstractIn this work, two different genetic algorithms were applied to improve culture media composition for the autotrophic cyanobacteria Synechococcus PCC 7942. Biomass yield and conversion of the asymmetric reduction of 2', 3', 4', 5', 6'‐pentafluoroacetophenone were considered as simultaneous objectives, resulting in a multi‐objective optimization problem. Even when similar performances of both algorithms were observed, it could be shown that a novel strength pareto approach was able to achieve remarkable results with a reduced number of experiments (160 instead of 320). Handling a high number of media components (13), their concentrations were adjusted, delivering high improvements in comparison to the standard BG 11 culture media. The quality of the Synechococcus biocatalyst could be increased up to fivefold compared to the initial state of the optimization.
An empirical investigation of psychopathy in a noninstitutionalized and noncriminal sample
Authors: DeMatteo David , Heilbrun Kirk , Marczyk Geoffrey 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThis study examined the construct of psychopathy using the Psychopathy Checklist—Revised (PCL‐R) in 54 participants from the general population. To obtain a sample of community participants with psychopathic characteristics, participants were recruited using advertisements for a “personality study” that incorporated the characteristics of psychopathy in a nonpejorative manner. The methodology successfully recruited community participants with moderately elevated PCL‐R scores. Participants exhibited the personality features of psychopathy (Factor 1) to a greater extent than the behavioral features (Factor 2), which is consistent with the results obtained with the PCL‐R normative samples. Roughly 40% of the sample reported no history of involvement with the criminal justice system, yet these participants exhibited moderately elevated PCL‐R scores. Moreover, a sizeable portion of the noncriminal participants reported a substantial history of violent behavior. Comparisons of PCL‐R scores between participants with and without a criminal history suggest that these two groups differ in ways unrelated to criminal justice system involvement. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Arbitrariness and the death penalty: how the defendant's appearance during trial influences capital jurors' punishment decision
Authors: Antonio Michael E. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThis paper examines the impact of the defendant's appearance during the trial on capital jurors' punishment decision. The data used in this analysis were gathered by the Capital Jury Project (CJP), a national program of research on the decision‐making of capital jurors. A series of multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted using four aggravating circumstances related to the killing and eight defendant appearance variables as predictors of jurors' punishment decision at three points during the capital trial: (1) after the punishment phase ended, but before formal deliberation began; (2) when the first vote was taken on punishment at jury deliberations; and (3) at the final vote on punishment. Results indicated that when the defendant appeared emotionally involved during the trial (i.e. sorry and sincere) jurors either favored a life sentence or were undecided about punishment; however, when the defendant appeared emotionally uninvolved during the trial (i.e. bored) jurors either sought a death sentence or remained undecided. Policy implications will be discussed. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effects of defendant race, victim race, and juror gender on evidence processing in a murder trial
Authors: ForsterLee Robert , ForsterLee Lynne , Horowitz Irwin A. , King Ellen 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe effects of defendant race, victim race, and juror gender on sentencing and information processing were examined within the context of a murder trial. A sample consisting of 96, jury eligible White Australians read one of four versions of a real trial transcript, in which the race of a male defendant and female victim were varied. The participants imposed the severest sentences on the Indigenous (Black) defendant. Jurors were most lenient with White defendants who killed a White victim. Female jurors were more punitive than the males toward the Indigenous defendant. Jurors processed evidence systematically in same‐race trials, but used both systematic and heuristic processing in mixed‐race trials. In these instances, female jurors employed significantly more emotive responses, especially when the victim was Black. The effects of subtle racism and the black processing effect when the victim was non‐White are considered. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Virtual anatomy: An anatomist's playground
Authors: Spitzer Victor M. , Scherzinger Ann L. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractVirtual anatomy presents significant advantages over the reality of a cadaver as it can provide different views and perspectives, portability, longevity, standardization, diversity and most importantly the opportunity to learn the anatomy of the living human body instead of the corpse. Virtual anatomy is the life‐like appearance of visible anatomy, a good example of which is the evolution of the Visible Human. Racial and statistical diversity is already developing as the population of photographic “Visible Humans” is now at least 10. Virtual anatomy should include additional diversity and therefore, consideration should be given to the preparation of more visible anatomy that will better support the virtual integration of all areas of physiology, kinematics, pathology and pathophysiology, development and evolution. Integration of anatomists with mathematicians, computer scientists, information scientists, physiologists, pathologists and clinicians (and LIST other basic scientist) is needed in order to facilitate this development. As this unfolds it is proposed, or challenged, that anatomists should maintain their position of responsibility for building anatomy as the foundation for all medical and healthcare education. In order to maintain that position they must understand and participate in this development and enjoy the rewards of teaching more visually empowering, functional, and clinical anatomy. The trip is a long one and is only about to begin but the train is leaving. Are you on board? Clin. Anat. 19:192–203, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
When one won't do it, use two—double “Buddy” wiring to facilitate stent advancement across a highly calcified artery
Authors: Jafary Fahim H. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractPercutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) of heavily calcified vessels poses several problems including difficulty in delivering stents to the target lesion. Effective strategies include rotational atherectomy and the use of a “buddy” wire, the latter acting as a track that directs the stent away from the vessel wall. There are no reports in the literature of using a second “buddy” wire when one fails. We report on a case of a second “buddy” wire saving the day during PCI of a highly calcified right coronary artery wherein the stent failed to reach the lesion until the second wire was deployed. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Transulnar versus transradial artery approach for coronary angioplasty: The PCVI‐CUBA study
Authors: Aptecar Eduardo , Pernes Jean‐Marc , Chabane‐Chaouch Mourad , Bussy Nicolas , Catarino Gino , Shahmir Ali , Bougrini Karim , Dupouy Patrick 
Published: March 2006

AbstractObjectives: To compare in terms of efficacy and safety the transulnar to the transradial approach for coronary angiography and angioplasty. Background: Opposite to the transradial approach, which is now widely used in catheterization laboratories worldwide, the ulnar artery approach is rarely used for cardiac catheterization. Methods: Diagnostic coronarography, followed or not by angioplasty, was performed by transulnar or transradial approach, chosen at random. A positive (normal) direct or reverse Allen's test was required before tempting the radial or the ulnar approach, respectively. MACE were recorded till 1‐month follow‐up. Doppler ultrasound assessment of the forearm vessels was scheduled for all the angioplastied patients. Results: Successful access was obtained in 93.1% of patients in the ulnar group (n = 216), and in 95.5% of patients in the radial group (n = 215), P = NS. One hundred and three and 105 angioplasty procedures were performed in 94 and 95 patients in ulnar and radial group, with success in 95.2% and 96.2% of procedures in ulnar and radial group, respectively (P = NS). Freedom from MACE at 1‐month follow‐up was observed in 93 patients in both groups (97.8% for ulnar group and 95.8% for radial group), P = NS. Asymptomatic access site artery occlusion occurred in 5.7% of patients after transulnar and in 4.7% of patients after transradial angioplasty. A big forearm hematoma, and a little A‐V fistula were observed, each in one patient, in the ulnar group. Conclusion: The transulnar approach for diagnostic and therapeutic coronary interventions is a safe and effective alternative to the transradial approach, as both techniques share a high success rate and an extremely low incidence of entry site complications. The transulnar approach has the potential to spare injury to the radial artery in anticipation of its use as a coronary bypass conduit. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Practical Highly Enantioselective Synthesis of Propargylamines through a Copper‐Catalyzed One‐Pot Three‐Component Condensation Reaction
Authors: Gommermann Nina , Knochel Paul 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe one‐pot three‐component reaction of terminal alkynes, aldehydes and secondary amines in the presence of copper(I) bromide/quinap is reported. The reaction scope has been determined and a broad variety of all three components has been used, which afforded the corresponding propargylamines in good to excellent yields and moderate to very good enantioselectivities. The reaction showed a strong positive nonlinear effect. The transformation of a propargylamine intermediate into the alkaloid (S)‐(+)‐coniine has also been described.
New Macrocycles with Planar Chirality—Synthesis and Determination of Absolute Configurations
Authors: Kalisiak Jarosław , Skowronek Paweł , Gawroński Jacek , Jurczak Janusz 
Published: March 2006

AbstractA versatile system for preparing macrocyclic compounds with planar chirality is presented. In this system chiral diazacoronands are synthesized readily from lariat‐type diesters 13 and 14 and unsymmetrical diamines 7, 8, 12, 15, and 16 under non‐high‐dilution conditions. The title compounds were subjected to structural analysis by X‐ray crystallography and circular dichroism spectroscopy, and absolute configurations for two representative examples (compounds 2 and 3) were assigned by molecular modeling. The correctness of the theoretical approach was verified by the crystallographic results obtained experimentally.
Synthesis and Application of Chiral N‐Heterocyclic Carbene–Oxazoline Ligands: Iridium‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Hydrogenation
Authors: Nanchen Steve , Pfaltz Andreas 
Published: March 2006

AbstractTwo libraries of enantiomerically pure imidazolium salts bearing an oxazoline unit were synthesized. Deprotonation of the imidazolium salts and complexation of the resulting oxazoline–carbene ligands to iridium(I) was achieved in one step by mixing the imidazolium salts with NaOtBu and [(η4‐cod)IrCl]2 in THF at room temperature. The air‐stable complexes were purified by flash chromatography. All complexes were analyzed by two‐dimensional (2D) NMR methods and one compound from each family was characterized by X‐ray structure analysis. The two libraries of iridium complexes were successfully tested in the asymmetric hydrogenation of unfunctionalized and functionalized olefins. Enantioselectivities of up to 90 % ee were obtained with trans‐α‐methylstilbene. Upon complexation of imidazolium salt 15 p with R1 = phenyl, CH bond activation of the phenyl ring gave rise to iridium(III) complex 17, which was fully characterized by NMR spectroscopy and X‐ray structure analysis. Complex 17 proved to be catalytically inactive in the hydrogenation.
meso‐Trifluoromethyl‐Substituted Expanded Porphyrins
Authors: Shimizu Soji , Aratani Naoki , Osuka Atsuhiro 
Published: March 2006

AbstractA series of meso‐trifluoromethyl‐substituted expanded porphyrins, including N‐fused [24]pentaphyrin 3, [28]hexaphyrin 4, [32]heptaphyrin 5, [46]decaphyrin 6, and [56]dodecaphyrin 7, were synthesized by means of an acid‐catalyzed one‐pot condensation reaction of 2‐(2,2,2‐trifluoro‐1‐hydroxyethyl)pyrrole (1) as the first examples bearing meso‐alkyl substituents. Besides these products, porphyrin 2 and two calix[5]phyrins 8 and 9 were also obtained. [28]Hexaphyrin 4 was quantitatively oxidized to [26]hexaphyrin 14 with MnO2. These expanded porphyrins have been characterized by mass spectrometry, 1H and 19F NMR spectroscopy, and UV/Vis spectroscopy. The single‐crystal structures have been determined for 3, 4, 6, 7, and 14. The N‐fused [24]pentaphyrin 3 displays a distorted structure containing a tricyclic fused moiety that is similar to those of meso‐aryl‐substituted counterparts, whereas 8 and 9 are indicated to take roughly planar conformations with an inverted pyrrole opposite to the sp3‐hybridized meso‐carbon atom. Both [28]‐ and [26]hexaphyrins 4 and 14 have figure‐of‐eight structures. Solid‐state structures of the decaphyrin 6 and dodecaphyrin 7 are remarkable, exhibiting a crescent conformation and an intramolecular two‐pitch helical conformation, respectively.
Logistik der CO2‐Sequestrierung – Optionen für den CO2‐Transport
Authors: Mayer‐Spohn O. , Blesl M. , Fahl U. , Voß A. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractDie CO2‐Sequestrieung wird von den Vereinten Nationen als Abscheidung von CO2 aus den Emissionen des globalen Energiesystems und sichere Speicherung dieses CO2 definiert. Das Konzept lässt sich in drei aufeinander folgende Schritte unterteilen: den Abscheideprozess im Kraftwerk, den Transport des abgeschiedenen CO2 und die Speicherung im Untergrund. Im Beitrag werden verschiedene Transportkonzepte vorgestellt und anhand ihrer technischen Charakteristika sowie der mit ihnen verbundenen Transportkosten verglichen.
Technologieorientierte Forschung für den Klimaschutz
Authors: Bazzanella A. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractAngewandter Klimaschutz beginnt bei der Entwicklung energie‐ und ressourceneffizienter Produktionsweisen, die für die energieintensiven Industriezweige von erheblicher wirtschaftlicher Bedeutung sind. Über die bisher verfolgten Strategien zur kontinuierlichen, graduellen Verbesserung von Prozessschritten hinaus bieten zukunftsweisende Technologien und Innovationen das Potenzial, in weit höherem Umfang Erfolge für den Klimaschutz zu erzielen.
Enzyme Isoselective Inhibitors: Application to Drug Design
Authors: Shokhen Michael , Khazanov Netaly , Albeck Amnon 
Published: March 2006

AbstractCommon methodologies of computer‐assisted drug design focus on noncovalent enzyme–ligand interactions. We introduced enzyme isoselective inhibition trend analysis as a tool for the expert analysis of covalent reversible inhibitors. The methodology is applied to predict the binding affinities of a series of transition‐state analogue inhibitors of medicinally important serine and cysteine hydrolases. These inhibitors are isoselective: they have identical noncovalent recognition fragments (RS) and different reactive chemical fragments (CS). Furthermore, it is possible to predict the binding affinities of a series of isoselective inhibitors toward a prototype enzyme and to extrapolate the data to a target medicinally important enzyme of the same family. Rational design of CS fragments followed by conventional RS optimization could be used as a novel approach to drug design.
Complete response in multiple myeloma
Authors: Kyle Robert A. , Leong Traci , Li Shuli , Oken Martin M. , Kay Neil E. , Van Ness Brian , Greipp Philip R. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe importance of obtaining a complete response (CR) in multiple myeloma (MM) treated with chemotherapy is unclear.METHODSThe Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group evaluated 653 previously untreated patients with active MM randomized to vincristine, carmustine (BCNU), melphalan, cyclophosphamide, and prednisone (VBMCP), to VBMCP and recombinant interferon alfa‐2 (INFα‐2), or to VBMCP and high‐dose cyclophosphamide.RESULTSObjective response was achieved in 420 (67%) of the 628 eligible patients, and 85 (14%) achieved a CR. Patients receiving VBMCP and recombinant INFα‐2 had a significantly higher CR (18%) than those receiving VBMCP alone (10%) (P= .02). The CR rate for VBMCP and high‐dose cyclophosphamide was 12%. Median duration of survival was 3.5 years for all eligible patients, and the estimated 5‐year survival rate was 31%. The median duration of survival from the date of objective response was 5.1 years for those who achieved a CR and 3.3 years for those with a partial response (P< .0001). The median postresponse survival was 6.6 years in the 21 patients in CR with nonclonal disease and 4.4 years in the 11 patients in CR who had persistent clonal disease. All patients with negative immunofixation results and nonclonal plasma cells in whom polymerase chain reaction was performed had a positive result (presence of tumor DNA).CONCLUSIONPatients in whom a CR was achieved had a longer survival than those who had a partial response. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
Class distinction between follicular adenomas and follicular carcinomas of the thyroid gland on the basis of their signature expression
Authors: Stolf Beatriz S. , Santos Mariana M. S. , Simao Daniel F. , Diaz Juan P. , Cristo Elier B. , Hirata Roberto , Curado Maria P. , Neves Eduardo J. , Kowalski Luiz P. , Carvalho Alex F. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractBACKGROUNDNodules of the thyroid gland are observed frequently in patients who undergo ultrasound studies. The majority of these nodules are benign, corresponding to goiters or adenomas, and only a small fraction corresponds to carcinomas. Among thyroid tumors, the diagnosis of follicular adenocarcinomas by preoperative fine‐needle aspiration biopsy is a major challenge, because it requires inspection of the entire capsule to differentiate it from adenoma. Consequently, large numbers of patients undergo unnecessary thyroidectomy.METHODSUsing data from gene expression analysis, the authors applied Fisher linear discriminant analysis and searched for expression signatures of individual samples of adenomas and follicular carcinomas that could be used as molecular classifiers for the precise classification of malignant and nonmalignant lesions.RESULTSFourteen trios of genes were described that fulfilled the criteria for the correct classification of 100% of samples. The robustness of these trios was verified by using leave‐1‐out cross‐validation and bootstrap analyses. The results demonstrated that, by combining trios, better classifiers could be generated that correctly classified >92% of samples.CONCLUSIONSThe strategy of classifiers based on individual signatures was a useful strategy for distinguishing between samples with very similar expression profiles. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.