bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Establishment and characterization of a human acute monocytic leukemia cell line (THP‐1)
Authors: Tsuchiya Shigeru , Yamabe Michiko , Yamaguchi Yoshiko , Kobayashi Yasuko , Konno Tasuke , Tada Keiya 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA human leukemic cell line (THP‐1) cultured from the blood of a boy with acute monocytic leukemia is described. This cell line had Fc and C3b receptors, but no surface or cytoplasmic immunoglobulins. HLA haplotypes of THP‐1 were HLA‐A2, ‐A9, ‐B5, ‐DRW1 and ‐DRW2. The monocytic nature of the cell line was characterized by: (1) the presence of α‐naphthyl butyrate esterase activities which could be inhibited by NaF; (2) lysozyme production; (3) the phagocytosis of latex particles and sensitized sheep erythrocytes; and (4) the ability to restore T‐lymphocyte response to Con A. The cells did not possess Epstein‐Barr virus‐associated nuclear antigen. These results indicate that THP‐1 is a leukemic cell line with distinct monocytic markers. During culture, THP‐1 maintained these monocytic characteristics for over 14 months.
Use of the macrophage migration inhibition test to evaluate antigenic differences in golden hamster transplantable melanomas
Authors: Kozlowska Krystyna , Zurawska‐Czupa Barbara , Mierzewski Piotr , Kostulak Alicja 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMacrophage migration inhibition test in the presence of melanotic and amelanotic melanoma cells was analyzed by means of signal detection theory reasoning. The cellular immune response as measured by MMI test was stronger in hamsters grafted with amelanotic melanoma. A statistical analysis indicated that the amelanotic melanoma antigenic strength was greater than that of its melanotic counterpart.
Some effects of products from necrotic regions of tumours on the in vitro migration of cancer and peritoneal exudate cells
Authors: Turner Graham A. , Weiss Leonard 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe invasion of normal tissues by cancer cells and the infiltration of tumours by macrophages to some degree involves active translatory movements by these cells. As necrosis is a common occurrence in solid tumours, we have studied the interactions of saline extracts from the necrotic regions of rat Walker‐256 tumours and mouse Gardner lymphosarcomas on the transmembrane, in vitro migration of Walker and Gardner cancer cells, and rat and mouse peritoneal macrophages. Necrotic extracts enhanced cell migration independently of chemotactic activity, an effect which was partially reduced by Trasylol, an inhibitor of neutral proteases. Rat liver lysosomal preparations which contain lower levels of neutral proteases than necrotic extract, inhibited or had no effects on cell migration, and the lysosomal stabilizer hydrocortisone did not inhibit the action of necrotic extracts. The results indicate that necrosis may enhance the migration of cancer cells out of tumours and the migration of macrophages into them. The extracts act partially through their neutral protease content. In contrast to the enhancement of cell detachment by necrotic extracts, which previous work has shown to be partially mediated by their indirect effect in causing lysosomal labilization and which is partially inhibited by hydrocortisone, this indirect mechanism is not demonstrable in the enhancement of cell migration. The results indicate that the consequences of necrosis are worthy of consideration in attempts at understanding the biology of solid tumours.
Evolution of cultured leukemic cell lines monitored by chromosomal and immunologic analysis
Authors: Hozier John , Lindquist Leanna , Hurwitz Richard , Lebien Tucker , Kersey John 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe have investigated the karyotypes and markers of B lymphocyte differentiation in two leukemic cell lines, NALM‐6‐B and NALM‐6‐MI, both derived from a patient with non‐T, non‐B acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Both possess characteristics of thymus‐independent, bursalequivalent (B) lymphocytes. By means of immuno‐fluorescence techniques, NALM‐6‐B was shown to possess 47% surface membrane immunoglobulin‐positive (Slg+) cells, while NALM‐6‐MI is surface membrane imunoglobulin‐negative (Slg−), but does possess cytoplasmic immunoglobulin M (ClgM+) in more than 90% of the cells. The Slg− ClgM+ phenotype, coupled with morphologic features, is consistent with NALM‐6‐MI being arrested at a stage early in B‐lymphocyte differentiation (a “pre‐B” cell). The predominant banded chromosome karyotype of NALM‐6‐B is pseudodiploid with a translocation of chromosomal material from the long arm of a chromosome 5 to the short arm of a chromosome 12 (5q−/12p+) and a marker Y chromosome. NALM‐6‐MI possesses the same marker Y chromosome and a deletion of the long arm of chromosome 5 (5q−) since in most cells material missing from chromosome 5 does not appear on the short arm of chromosome 12. Within the limits of resolution available with the banding technique, no other karyotypic differences are observed in the two cell lines. The history of the two cell lines, the karyotypic analysis, and the pattern of immunoglobulin markers indicate the possible clonal evolution of NALM‐6‐MI from NALM‐6‐B and implicate a portion of the long arm of chromosome 5 in lymphoid differentiation of these leukemic cell lines.
In vitro reaction of cancer patients and others to Bacillus Calmette‐Guérin
Authors: T Gaye , Chan Chi Wing , Cochran Alistair J. , Kennedy Robin , MacKie Rona M. , Morrison Lindsay J. A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe examined the in vitro reaction of leukocytes from 71 cancer patients and 121 control donors (disease‐free individuals or patients with non‐malignant non‐debilitating conditions) against Bacillus Calmette‐Guérin using a one‐stage capillary leukocyte migration assay. The proportion of reactive cancer patients and control donors increased with increasing BCG concentration, but the proportion of patients who reacted was less than that of control donors at all concentrations of BCG. As cancer stage advanced and the volume of clinically detectable tumor increased, the proportion of reactive patients decreased. There was a small age‐related decline in reactivity in the control population. The results of simultaneous in vitro tests and Mantoux reactions were concurrent in a majority of normal individuals so tested.
Benzo(a)pyrene metabolism and DNA adduct formation in serially cultivated strains of human epidermal keratinocytes
Authors: Parkinson E. Kenneth , Newbold Robert F. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSix strains of human epidermal keratinocytes were shown to be capable of metabolising benzo(a)pyrene (BP)for at least 40 population doublings in culture. Metabolism was independent of human or mouse fibroblast products, and also the growth rate of the epidermal cultures, at least when cholera toxin and epidermal growth factor were included in the medium. Epidermal strains metabolized and bound to their DNA more BP than human fibroblasts, and themselves exhibited a 2‐to 3‐fold range of inter‐strain variability. Chromatog‐raphic analysis of epidermal DNA containing bound BP showed that the major metabolite which had reacted with the DNA was a 7,8 dihydrodiol ‐ 9,10 oxide of BP (the proposed ultimate carcinogenic metabolite of BP).
Organization of actin‐containing cables in cultured skin fibroblasts from individuals at high risk of colon cancer
Authors: Kopelovich Levy , Lipkin Martin , Blattner William A. , Fraumeni Joseph F. , Lynch Henry T. , Pollack Robert E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractActin‐containing cables were examined by immuno‐fluorescence in cultured skin fibroblasts from individuals genetically prone to colon cancer. The study confirmed our earlier finding of an altered distribution of actincontaining cables in skin fibroblasts of patients with hereditary adenomatosis of the colon and rectum (ACR) (Kopelovich et al., 1977). Abnormalities were also found in about one‐half of the asymptomatic offspring at risk for ACR, while a polyposis‐free branch of one ACR family showed a normal pattern of actin‐containing cables. Persons from colon cancer‐prone (CCP) families without polyposis, and normal controls, showed no disturbance in the actin patterns. The results suggest that this phenotypic marker may be useful in identifying ACR gene carriers and in probing cellular controls of carcinogenesis.
Possibly specific immune complexes in sera of patients with untreated acute myelogenous leukemia
Authors: Fäldt R. , Ankerst J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractEleven patients with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) in the acute stage of the disease were studied. Sera of seven patients were assayed for complement‐dependent cytotoxicity to autochthonous AML cells and sera of four patients were tested with allogeneic target cells before and after ultrafiltration at low pH. No specific cytotoxic activity could be detected in any untreated sera. Ultrafiltration at low pH led, however, to the appearance of a significant cytotoxic activity in all of seven autochthonous and in three of four allogeneic combinations. Identical treatment of control AB sera did not result in any similar activity. The results show that potentially cytotoxic antibodies to leukemia‐associated antigens are present in the acute stage of acute myelogenous leukemia. However, they do not express complement‐dependent cytotoxicity in untreated sera. After ultrafiltration at low pH significant complement‐dependent cytotoxicity was detectable in most of the sera. One possible explanation is that cytotoxic antibodies to leukemia‐associated antigens are present in the form of circulating immune complexes. Splitting of them at low pH and elimination of the antigen component might result in an increased amount of free cytotoxic antibodies.
Monoclonal antibody against a naturally occurring rat mammary carcinoma
Authors: Gunn Barbara , Embleton M. J. , Middle J. G. , Baldwin R. W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractInbred rats were hyper‐immunised against a syngeneic transplanted mammary carcinoma, Sp4, which originally arose spontaneously in a breeding female. Spleen cells from Sp4‐immune rats were fused with P3‐NSl‐Ag 4 mouse myeloma cells, and supernat‐ants from the hybrid progeny were screened for antibody reacting with Sp4 cells using an isotopic antiglobu‐lin assay. One hybrid culture was reactive with Sp4 cells but not against other target cells, and this hybrid was cloned in soft agar. Many Sp4‐positive clones were isolated and one (Sp4/A4) was chosen for detailed study. Clone Sp4/A4 was positive only with Sp4 cells and failed to react with cells of other tumours or nomal tissues. It contained much higher titres of antibody than detected in immune sera, and it is suggested that this approach offers a practical method for producing highly active tumour‐specific antibodies.
The effect of age on the histopathogenesis of 7,12‐dimethylbenz(a)‐anthracene‐induced mammary tumors in the lewis rat
Authors: Haslam Sandra Z. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe influence of age at time of DMBA administration on (l) the histopathogenesis and site of mammary tumor origin and (2) the precancerous nature of DMBA‐induced mammary dysplasias was examined in Lewis rats between 25 and 200 days of age. Rats were killed at various times after carcinogen treatment and the numbers of tumors and dysplasias were recorded from microscopic examination of mammary gland wholemounts. We found that, in all age‐groups tested, mammary tumors always appeared to originate within mammary end‐buds and terminal ductules and that terminal due‐tule hyperplasia appeared to be an early stage in tumor formation. Age‐related differences in susceptibility to tumor development were paralleled by similar differences in susceptibility to the development of terminal ductule hyperplasias. In contrast, although age‐related differences in susceptibility to the development of hyperplastic alveolar nodules were also noted, they did not correspond to those observed for tumor development. Thus, hyperplastic alveolar nodules did not appear to be a site of tumor origin in situ or directly related to tumor development.
Multiplicity‐dependent biological and biochemical properties of epstein‐barr virus (EBV) rescued from non‐producer lines after superinfection with P3HR‐1 EBV
Authors: Cho Myung‐Sam , Fresen Karl‐Otto , Hausen Harald Zur 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSuperinfection of lymphoblastoid cells of EBV non‐producer lines with non‐transforming P3HR‐l EBV leads to the rescue of transforming virus. At least part of the recovered molecules represent recombinant DNA between superinfecting P3HR‐l EBV and resident viral genomes (Fresen et al., 1979, 1980). With high titer stocks of superinfecting P3HR‐l EBV, viral particles with early antigen (EA)‐inducing properties can be rescued, indicating that under these conditions of infection input viral genomes may become replicated. Sequential blot analysis with 32P‐P3HR‐l EBV DNA of intracellular viral DNA synthesized following infection reveals a multiplicity‐dependent pattern. High particle inputs lead to preferential synthesis of certain fragments, independent of infection of either EBV genome‐free or EBV genome carrier cells. This accumulation of specific viral sequences indicates defective replication of P3HR‐l EBV DNA.
Virus infections and recurrence of osteosarcoma in patients receiving human leukocyte interferon
Authors: Ingimarsson Snorri , Carlström Gun , Cantell Kari , Strander Hans 
Published: February 2007

AbstractHuman leukocyte interferon was given as adjuvant treatment for osteosarcoma in 26 patients. Blood from these patients was studied at regular intervals for antibodies to various micro‐organisms. A continuous record of clinically manifest infections during the course of interferon therapy was made in 23 of the 26 patients. Distant metastases arose in 14 patients ‐ the metastasis group. The report presents comparisons between these patients and the non‐metastasis group. Seroconversion in tests with any of the studied micro‐organisms was not common. Most of the seroconversions were not associated with clinical symptoms. Seroconversion during interferon therapy was confined to patients in the metastasis group. In some cases there was a chronologic link with early evidence of metastasis. The results of the serologic investigations are discussed and are correlated to the course of interferon therapy and of the neoplastic disease.
Reduction of suppressor cells in cancer patients treated with OK‐432 immunotherapy
Authors: Uchida Atsushi , Hoshino Takashi 
Published: February 2007

AbstractOk‐432, a streptococcal preparation, was intradermally injected daily into patients with advanced cancer of the stomach or lung for 4 weeks and the effects of OK‐432 on the mitogenic responses of cancer patients were followed. The cells involved in the depression of the response of untreated cancer patients were characterized. The cells responsible for impaired responses were nylon wool non‐adherent and suppressed the mitogen responses of autologous and allogeneic lymphocytes. These cells lost their suppressive activity during 7 days' culture in vitro. Following OK‐432 immunotherapy, mononuclear cells from cancer patients showed increased responses to PHA and Con A, and nylon wool non‐adherent cells did not inhibit the mitogen responses. These results suggest that the cells suppressing non‐specific mitogen responses are sensitive to in vitro culture, belong to nylon wool non‐adherent cells and are lost during 4 weeks of OK‐432 therapy.
Human tumor‐lymphocyte interaction in vitro. VII. Blastogenesis and generation of cytotoxicity against autologous tumor biopsy cells are inhibited by interferon
Authors: Vánky F. , Argov S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn a high proportion of cases blood lymphocytes from cancer patients cultured with autologous tumor biopsy cells undergo blastogenesis. In addition, cytotoxicity against autologous tumor cells is generated. These auto‐activated lymphocytes also kill the highly NK‐sensitive K‐562 and Molt‐4 cells. Addition of interferon (IF) at the initiation of the cultures inhibited blastogenesis and the generation of autologous cytotoxicity. On the other hand, lymphocytes already activated for autologous killing in the mixed cultures were not affected by short‐term IF treatment prior to the cytotoxic assay. Lymphocytes cultured alone lose their cytotoxicity against K‐562. However, when IF was present in these cultures the lymphocytes were cytotoxic for K‐562. In addition, lymphocytes cultured for 6 days under conditions which did not result in activation killing of Molt‐4 cells could be induced by short‐term incubation of the effectors with IF.
Chromosomal alterations of rat cell lines transformed by human adenovirus type‐12 virion, whole DNA and left‐end DNA fragments
Authors: Yamashita Toshiharu , Yamamoto Kohtaro , Shiroki Kazuko , Kimura Genki , Matsui Katsuaki , Osato Toyoro , Shimojo Hiroto , Fujinaga Kei 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA normal rat cell line, 3Y1‐B clone 1‐6 (3Y1) and its adenovirus (Ad) type‐12‐transformed derivatives, W4 (transformed by Ad12 Virion), WY3 (transformed by Ad12 whole DNA), CY1‐1 (transformed by the Ad12 EcoR1‐C fragment, left 16.5%), GY1‐1 (transformed by the Ad12 Hind11‐G fragment, left 6.8%) and HY1 (transformed by the Ad12 Acd‐H fragment, left 4.7%) were studied cytogenetically. 3Y1 and some of the transformed cell lines (W4, WY3 and GY1‐1) were diploid or pseudodiploid, while others (CY1‐1 and HY1) were hypotetraploid. A metacentric marker M1 was detected in GY1‐1 cells and another marker M2 in W4 and CY1‐1 cells at a high frequency. By the Giemsa banding technique, the metacentric markers M1 and M2 from these fully transformed cell lines were identified as iso‐chromosomes derived from 1q (M1) and 3q (M2), respectively. On the other hand, the markers were detected only at a low frequency in incompletely transformed HY1 cells. However, hypersomy in chromosome No. I was observed at a high frequency in this cell line. It can be concluded that hypersomy of chromosomes No. 1 or 3 found in transformants and metacentric markers found in complete transformants are characteristic features in rat cells transformed by Ad12.
Specificity and biological activity of extracted murine tumor‐specific transplantation antigens
Authors: Pellis Neal R. , Yamagishi Hisakazu , Kahan Barry D. , MacEka Catherine M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractCrude 3m KCI extracts of the chemically induced C3H/ HeJ fibrosarcomas, MCA‐F and MCA‐D, possess two immunobiologically active components upon fractionation by preparative isoelectric focusing. Strongly acidic (pl 2.5‐3.6) antigens induced potent tumor facilitation while mildly acidic (pl 5.8‐6.0) proteins engendered resistance to neoplastic cell challenge. The possibility that these proteins were tumor‐specific transplantation antigens (TSTA) was investigated in specificity tests using fractions prepared from the MCA‐F and MCA‐D. Pre‐treatment of individual groups of mice with the tumor‐facilitating and immunizing fractions from extracts of two antigenically different fibrosarcomas MCA‐F and MCA‐D followed 10 days later by challenge of all groups with both neoplasms revealed both responses to be specific for the tumor of origin. The immunizing fractions from MCA‐F and MCA‐D engendered 50% (p<0.01) and 60% (p<0.01) reduction in the growth of their respective tumor cell challenge. Facilitating antigens of both tumors specifically potentiated only the growth of their parent neoplasms by more than 75% (p<0.01). Non‐specific protection was not observed, demonstrating that both fractions bore TSTA activity. Both the resistant state and the condition of facilitated tumor growth engendered by the isolated tumor cell fractions could be adoptively transferred to normal syngeneic recipients via lymphoid cells, and the im‐munoprotective fraction evoked specific delayed‐type hypersensitivity in immunized hosts. Assessment of the activity of the partially purified TSTA revealed that the immunizing fraction of MCA‐F exhibited narrow range dose‐response properties. Immunoprotection was demonstrable within a restricted range whether the antigen was administered as whole cells, crude extract, or pIEF purified material. These results indicate that (1) separate tumor‐facilitating and immunizing activities are common features of carcinogen‐induced tumors; (2) the antigen‐induced facilitation of, and resistance to, tumor cell challenge is mediated by lymphoid cells; (3) both moieties display distinct antigenic specificity in vivo; and (4) the restricted range of immunoprotection is a property intrinsic to at least some carcinogen‐induced tumors and their antigenic subcellular fractions.
Alterations in the extracellular matrix organization associated with the reexpression of tumorigenicity in human cell hybrids
Authors: Der Channing J. , Stanbridge Eric J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe expression of fibronectin on the cell surface was evaluated on a series of intraspecific human cell hybrids formed between HeLa and normal fibroblast strains. Although these hybrids continued to express many of the in vitro transformation properties of their corresponding tumorigenic HeLa parent, they were now unable to form tumors when inoculated into athymic nude mice. From these suppressed hybrid populations, rare tumorigenic segregant subpopulations arose which had regained their tumorigenic capacity. A comparison of the expression of fibronectin on the cell surface was made between these tumorigenic segregant cell lines and their corresponding non‐tumorigenic HeLa/fibroblast hybrid. Following specific immunofluorescent staining for fibronectin, a striking alteration in the cell surface organization was observed to correspond with the reexpression of tumorigenicity in these hybrids. Tumorigenic HeLa/fibroblast hybrids were also significantly altered in both their cellular and colonial morphology. Double immunofluorescent staining to simultaneously visualize both surface fibronectin and collagen revealed that these two extracellular matrix proteins displayed an extensive degree of codistribution and expressed a coordinate shift in organization which correlated with the appearance of tumorigenic segregant hybrid populations. These observations are in agreement with the apparently close structural association between fibronectin and collagen and suggest that the organization of these two components in the extracellular matrix may be an important determinant for in vivo growth potential.