bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI) in the Netherlands, Austria and Italy
Authors: Waldherr Karin , Favaro Angela , Santonastaso Paolo , van Strien Tatjana , Rathner Günther 
Published: July 2008

AbstractObjectiveComparison of scores of the Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI) in non‐clinical females aged 15–35 years (total n = 2402) in three European countries with North–South variation.MethodsParticipants were high school girls from the Netherlands (n = 642), Austria (n = 544) and Italy (n = 359), and college students from the Netherlands (n = 348), Austria (n = 114) and Italy (n = 395).ResultsAge‐dependent differences of EDI subscale scores were observed. Whereas in Dutch females weight and body shape concerns had a peak between 16 and 19 years, these concerns remained relatively constant in Italy and Austria. The Italian scores were significantly higher than the Dutch scores on almost all EDI subscales whereby effects were small or medium.ConclusionsThe scores may be influenced by socio‐cultural factors, cultural traits, culture‐specific social demands on young adults and differences in maturation between North and South Europe. National norms are necessary for different age, weight and sex groups. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Solutions to transmission constrained generation expansion planning using differential evolution
Authors: Kannan S. , Murugan P. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThis paper describes the application of differential evolution (DE) technique for solving the transmission constrained generation expansion planning (TC‐GEP) problem. The TC‐GEP is a large scale and challenging problem for the decision makers (to decide upon site, capacity, type of fuel, etc.) as there exist a large number of combinations. The test system used is a modified IEEE‐30 bus test system with a planning horizon of 6 years. The results are compared and validated with dynamic programming (DP). Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adaptive MDPSK DS/CDMA receivers with performance analysis
Authors: Chen Jun‐Da , Ueng Fang‐Biau , Tsai Shang‐Chun , Chang Jui‐Chi , Chen Wei‐Chuan 
Published: July 2008

AbstractFor direct‐sequence code‐division multiple‐access (DS/CDMA) systems, the multiuser and multipath interferences are always present. When the demodulation is coherent, a coherent carrier reference must be generated prior to demodulation. The generation of coherent reference at low signal‐to‐interference‐and‐noise ratio (SINR) is difficult. In the downlink CDMA communications, numbers of active users transmit information simultaneously by different signature waveform. However, the multipath channel and multiple‐access interference (MAI) limit the system capacity. Adaptive single‐user receivers do not require knowledge of MAI parameters and need fewer computations. In this paper, we propose adaptive receivers with decision‐feedback differential detection (DF‐DD) and compare variations of the receiver structure proposed in Schrober's paper for noncoherent channels. In the absence of knowledge of the carrier phase, we derive the minimum mean square error (MMSE) of the proposed receivers to show that the performances of the proposed receivers with M‐ary differential phase‐shift keying (MDPSK) signals approach that of the coherent receiver with MPSK signal. Some simulation examples are given to demonstrate the effectiveness and compare the performances of the proposed adaptive receivers. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hybrid turbulence simulation of spray impingement cooling: The effect of vortex motion on turbulent heat flux
Authors: Kondaraju S. , Lee J. S. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractSpray impingement has been a major interest of researchers in the areas of spray cooling, internal combustion, fire suppression and spray cooling, etc. for a long time. Numerous studies have been done in the area of spray cooling. Spray cooling with phase change takes advantage of relatively large amounts of latent heat and is capable of removing high heat fluxes from the surface, which has generated the interest of many researchers. In this paper, the turbulent characteristics of vapor formed during the spray impingement are studied. Water and gasoline are used in the numerical analysis of the two‐phase spray impingement on a heated wall. Hybrid turbulence modeling was used for the analysis where the subgrid scale model was employed away from the wall and k–ε model was used near the wall. Gasoline, at 298 K, was sprayed on the heated wall, kept constant at 650 K. The surrounding temperature was maintained at 400 K at the start of the simulation. In case of water and gasoline at Reynolds number 2750, the heated wall was kept constant at 400 K and the surrounding temperature was maintained at 298 K at the start of the simulations. The nozzle diameter of 100µm was used for this study, with the nozzle plate spacing ratio at 10. The spray was impinged on the flat plate at angles of 0, 15, and 30°. Root mean‐squared velocities and turbulent heat flux were plotted in the water spray impingement for the different angles of impingement. The effect of turbulence on the heat transfer was observed. The effect of vortex motion on the turbulent heat flux values was analyzed using different Reynolds numbers of impingement and at different angles in case of gasoline. The turbulent heat flux attained the maximum values with high vortex formation. Upwash of fluid transported heat away from the wall, producing higher heat flux values in the region. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Numerical modeling of turbulent compound channel flow using the lattice Boltzmann method
Authors: Liu H. , Zhou J. G. , Burrows R. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe flow of water in a straight compound channel with prismatic cross section is investigated with a relatively new tool, the lattice Boltzmann method. The large eddy simulation model is added in the lattice Boltzmann model for nonlinear shallow water equations (LABSWETM) so that the turbulence, caused by lateral exchange of momentum in the shear layer between the main channel and floodplain, can be taken into account and modeled efficiently. To validate the numerical model, a symmetrical compound channel with trapezoidal main channel and flat floodplain is tested. Similar to most natural watercourses, the floodplain has higher roughness values than the main channel. Different relative depths,Dr(the ratio of the depth of flow on the floodplain to that in the main channel), are considered. The Reynolds number is set at 30 000 in the main channel. The lateral distributions of the longitudinal velocity, the boundary shear stress, the Reynolds stress and the apparent shear stress across the channel are obtained after the large eddy simulation is performed. The results of numerical simulations are compared with the available experiment data, which show that the LABSWETMis capable of modeling the features of flow turbulence in compound channels and is sufficiently accurate for practical applications in engineering. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reduced‐order modelling of an adaptive mesh ocean model
Authors: Fang F. , Pain C. C. , Navon I. M. , Piggott M. D. , Gorman G. J. , Allison P. A. , Goddard A. J. H. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractA novel proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) model has been developed for use with an advanced unstructured mesh finite‐element ocean model, the Imperial College Ocean Model (ICOM, described in detail below), which includes many recent developments in ocean modelling and numerical analysis. The advantages of the POD model developed here over existing POD approaches are the ability:

To increase accuracy when representing geostrophic balance (the balance between the Coriolis terms and the pressure gradient). This is achieved through the use of two sets of geostrophic basis functions where each one is calculated by basis functions for velocities u and v.
To speed up the POD simulation. To achieve this a new numerical technique is introduced, whereby a time‐dependent matrix in the discretized equation is rapidly constructed from a series of time‐independent matrices. This development imparts considerable efficiency gains over the often‐used alternative of calculating each finite element over the computational domain at each time level.
To use dynamically adaptive meshes in the above POD model.
Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A stabilized mixed finite element method for the first‐order form of advection–diffusion equation
Authors: Masud Arif , Kwack JaeHyuk 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThis paper presents a stabilized mixed finite element method for the first‐order form of advection–diffusion equation. The new method is based on an additive split of the flux‐field into coarse‐ and fine‐scale components that systematically lead to coarse and fine‐scale variational formulations. Solution of the fine‐scale variational problem is mathematically embedded in the coarse‐scale problem and this yields the resulting method. A key feature of the method is that the characteristic length scale of the mesh does not appear explicitly in the definition of the stability parameter that emerges via the solution of the fine‐scale problem. The new method yields a family of equal‐ and unequal‐order elements that show stable response on structured and unstructured meshes for a variety of benchmark problems. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A high‐order Petrov–Galerkin finite element method for the classical Boussinesq wave model
Authors: Avilez‐Valente Paulo , Seabra‐Santos Fernando J. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractA high‐order Petrov–Galerkin finite element scheme is presented to solve the one‐dimensional depth‐integrated classical Boussinesq equations for weakly non‐linear and weakly dispersive waves. Finite elements are used both in the space and the time domains. The shape functions are bilinear in space–time, whereas the weighting functions are linear in space and quadratic in time, with C0‐continuity. Dispersion correction and a highly selective dissipation mechanism are introduced through additional streamline upwind terms in the weighting functions. An implicit, conditionally stable, one‐step predictor–corrector time integration scheme results. The accuracy and stability of the non‐linear discrete equations are investigated by means of a local Taylor series expansion. A linear spectral analysis is used for the full characterization of the predictor–corrector inner iterations. Based on the order of the analytical terms of the Boussinesq model and on the order of the numerical discretization, it is concluded that the scheme is fourth‐order accurate in terms of phase velocity. The dissipation term is third order only affecting the shortest wavelengths. A numerical convergence analysis showed a second‐order convergence rate in terms of both element size and time step. Four numerical experiments are addressed and their results are compared with analytical solutions or experimental data available in the literature: the propagation of a solitary wave, the oscillation of a flat bottom closed basin, the oscillation of a non‐flat bottom closed basin, and the propagation of a periodic wave over a submerged bar. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A robust algorithm for computing fluid flows on highly non‐smooth staggered grids
Authors: Rabiee A. , Ziaei A. N. , Alishahi M. M. , Emdad H. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractA new method for computing the fluid flow in complex geometries using highly non‐smooth and non‐orthogonal staggered grid is presented. In a context of the SIMPLE algorithm, pressure and physical tangential velocity components are used as dependent variables in momentum equations. To reduce the sensitivity of the curvature terms in response to coordinate line orientation change, these terms are exclusively computed using Cartesian velocity components in momentum equations. The method is then used to solve some fairly complicated 2‐D and 3‐D flow field using highly non‐smooth grids. The accuracy of results on rough grids (with sharp grid line orientation change and non‐uniformity) was found to be high and the agreement with previous experimental and numerical results was quite good. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Study of a staggered fourth‐order compact scheme for unsteady incompressible viscous flows
Authors: Knikker R. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe objective of this paper is the development and assessment of a fourth‐order compact scheme for unsteady incompressible viscous flows. A brief review of the main developments of compact and high‐order schemes for incompressible flows is given. A numerical method is then presented for the simulation of unsteady incompressible flows based on fourth‐order compact discretization with physical boundary conditions implemented directly into the scheme. The equations are discretized on a staggered Cartesian non‐uniform grid and preserve a form of kinetic energy in the inviscid limit when a skew‐symmetric form of the convective terms is used.The accuracy and efficiency of the method are demonstrated in several inviscid and viscous flow problems. Results obtained with different combinations of second‐ and fourth‐order spatial discretizations and together with either the skew‐symmetric or divergence form of the convective term are compared. The performance of these schemes is further demonstrated by two challenging flow problems, linear instability in plane channel flow and a two‐dimensional dipole–wall interaction. Results show that the compact scheme is efficient and that the divergence and skew‐symmetric forms of the convective terms produce very similar results. In some but not all cases, a gain in accuracy and computational time is obtained with a high‐order discretization of only the convective and diffusive terms. Finally, the benefits of compact schemes with respect to second‐order schemes is discussed in the case of the fully developed turbulent channel flow. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of a consistency recovery method for the 1D convection–diffusion equation using linear finite elements
Authors: Nadukandi Prashanth , Oñate Eugenio , Garcia Julio 
Published: July 2008

AbstractFor residual‐based stabilization methods such as streamline‐upwind Petrov–Galerkin (SUPG) and finite calculus (FIC), the higher‐order derivatives of the residual that appear in the stabilization term vanish when simplicial elements are used. The sub‐grid scale method using orthogonal sub‐scales (OSS) attempts to recover the lost consistency by using a fine‐scale projected residual in the stabilization term. The FIC method may also be cast into an OSS form with very little manipulation using an auxiliary convective projection equation. This paper discusses the gain/loss by recovering the consistency of the discrete residual in the stabilization terms via the form that includes the convective projection (as in the OSS method). We present the von Neumann analysis of the FIC method with recovered consistency (FIC_RC) for the 1D convection–diffusion problem and we compare it with the standard Bubnov–Galerkin linear finite element method and FIC/SUPG methods. The transient analysis is done by examining the discrete dispersion relation of the stabilization methods. The spectral results for the semi‐discrete and fully discrete problem are presented with time integration done by the trapezoidal and second‐order backward differencing formula schemes. The effect of lumping the effective mass matrix T is considered relative to using a consistent form. The effect of refinement in space and time is also discussed. Finally, an optimal expression for the stabilization parameter for the FIC_RC method on a uniform grid and for the steady state is given and its performance in the transient mode is discussed. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The MLH1 −93 G>A promoter polymorphism and genetic and epigenetic alterations in colon cancer
Authors: Samowitz Wade S. , Curtin Karen , Wolff Roger K. , Albertsen Hans , Sweeney Carol , Caan Bette J. , Ulrich Cornelia M. , Potter John D. , Slattery Martha L. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe MLH1 −93 G>A promoter polymorphism has been reported to be associated with an increased risk of microsatellite unstable colorectal cancer. Other than microsatellite instability, however, the genetic and most epigenetic changes of tumors associated with this polymorphism have not been studied. We evaluated associations between the −93 G>A polymorphism and CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP), BRAF V600E mutations, and MLH1 methylation in tumors from a sample of 1,211 individuals with colon cancer and 1,968 controls from Utah, Northern California, and Minnesota. The −93 G>A polymorphism was determined by the five prime nuclease assay. CIMP was determined previously by methylation‐specific PCR of CpG islands in MLH1, methylated in tumors (MINT)1, MINT2, MINT31, and CDKN2A (p16). The BRAF V600E mutation was determined by sequencing exon 15. The MLH1 −93 G>A promoter polymorphism was associated with CIMP (odds ratio (OR) 3.44, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.85, 6.42), MLH1 methylation (OR 4.16, 95%CI 2.20, 7.86), BRAF mutations (OR 4.26, 95%CI 1.83, 9.91), and older age at diagnosis (OR 3.65, 95%CI 2.08, 6.39) in microsatellite unstable tumors. These associations were not observed in stable tumors. Increased age at diagnosis and tumor characteristics of microsatellite unstable tumors associated with MLH1 −93 G>A suggests the polymorphism is acting at a relatively late stage of colorectal carcinogenesis to drive CIMP+ tumors down the microsatellite instability pathway. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
High‐resolution molecular cytogenetic analysis of Wilms tumors highlights diagnostic difficulties among small round cell kidney tumors
Authors: Stewénius Ylva , Jin Yuesheng , Øra Ingrid , Panagopoulos Ioannis , Möller Emely , Mertens Fredrik , Sandstedt Bengt , Alumets Jan , Åkerman Måns , Merks Johannes HM , de Kraker Jan , Gisselsson David 
Published: July 2008

AbstractMany solid tumors exhibit characteristic gene fusions, which are reflected by balanced translocations at the cytogenetic level. These changes might be useful diagnostic and prognostic tools. In Wilms tumor (WT, nephroblastoma) no fusions genes or recurrent balanced translocations have been described thus far. To screen for cryptic balanced translocations, we have analyzed 17 renal neoplasms, histopathologically classified as WT, by a combination of G‐banding, multicolor FISH, and subtelomeric FISH. This approach revealed several submicroscopic chromosomal aberrations and three different seemingly balanced translocations, resulting in a heterozygous deletion of HACE1, an EWSR1/ERG fusion, and an EWSR1/FLI1 fusion, respectively. As EWSR1 rearrangements are known to be a characteristic of Ewing tumors (ET), our findings illustrate the diagnostic problems regarding small cell kidney tumors and strongly argue for the need of adjuvant diagnostic techniques in this group of neoplasms. In summary, our genomic screening approach proved efficient in finding structural chromosomal aberrations. The fact that no recurrent translocations were found in the WTs of this study argues against the presence of a frequent pathognomonic translocation in this disease entity. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Stably transfected common fragile site sequences exhibit instability at ectopic sites
Authors: Ragland Ryan L. , Glynn Michael W. , Arlt Martin F. , Glover Thomas W. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractCommon fragile sites (CFSs) are loci that are especially prone to forming gaps and breaks on metaphase chromosomes under conditions of replication stress. Although much has been learned about the cellular responses to gaps and breaks at CFSs, less is known about what makes these sites inherently unstable. CFS sequences are highly conserved in mammalian evolution and contain a number of sequence motifs that are hypothesized to contribute to their instability. To examine the role of CFS sequences in chromosome breakage, we stably transfected two BACs containing FRA3B sequences and two nonCFS control BACs containing similar sequence content into HCT116 cells and isolated cell clones with BACs integrated at ectopic sites. Integrated BACs were present at just a few to several hundred contiguous copies. Cell clones containing integrated FRA3B BACs showed a significant, three to sevenfold increase in aphidicolin‐induced gaps and breaks at the integration site as compared to control BACs. Furthermore, many FRA3B integration sites displayed additional chromosome rearrangements associated with CFS instability. Clones were examined for replication timing and it was found that the integrated FRA3B sequences were not dependent on late replication for their fragility. This is the first direct evidence in human cells that introduction of CFS sequences into ectopic nonfragile loci is sufficient to recapitulate the instability found at CFSs. These data support the hypothesis that sequences at CFSs are inherently unstable, and are a major factor in the formation of replication stress induced gaps and breaks at CFSs. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comprehensive analysis of 20q13 genes in ovarian cancer identifies ADRM1 as amplification target
Authors: Fejzo Marlena S. , Dering Judy , Ginther Chuck , Anderson Lee , Ramos Lilian , Walsh Christine , Karlan Beth , Slamon Dennis J. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractApproximately 25,000 ovarian cancers are diagnosed in the US annually, and 75% of cases are in the advanced stage when they are largely incurable. There is a critical need for improved early detection tools and development of novel treatments. Because chromosome band 20q13 is a commonly DNA amplified region in ovarian cancer and increase in 20q13 copy number may be an early event, we examined the DNA amplification and RNA expression pattern of 239 microarray probes mapping to this region with the goal of identifying gene(s) associated with ovarian cancer. Using Agilent expression microarray analysis and FISH to tumor tissue arrays, we narrowed the candidates to 19 genes that were consistently overexpressed in a subset of tumors amplified for both ZNF217 and TPD54, although, interestingly the candidates do not include these two amplified genes. Unsupervised clustering of 225 ovarian samples with respect to RNA expression of these 19 genes allowed identification of a 20q‐amplified subset of 51 (23%) tumors and this subset was significantly correlated with poor outcome. Of the 19 candidate genes in this subset, ADRM1 overexpression was the most highly correlated with amplification, was amplified in a higher percentage of tumors than ZNF217 and TPD54, and was significantly upregulated with respect to stage, recurrence and metastasis. In addition, overexpression of ADRM1 correlates significantly with shorter time to recurrence and overall survival. Functional analysis is now warranted to determine whether ADRM1 is a target for early screening and/or therapy for ovarian cancer. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.