bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PDA and Neural Network Investigation of Swirl Spray Interaction Phenomena
Authors: Soltani M. Reza , Ghorbanian Kaveh , Ashjaee Mehdi , Morad Mohammad R. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractExperiments are performed to investigate the atomization characteristics of mixed‐interaction regions of sprays of two swirl injectors installed side by side. Both droplet size and velocity distributions on a plane perpendicular to the axes of the injectors are measured using a PDA system. As a result of the interaction phenomenon, a region of secondary atomization is identified that differs significantly from the hollow region spray of a single swirl injector. A neural network algorithm is used to reconstruct the entire spray field for both droplet size and velocity distribution in extrapolation regimes for injector spacing as well as three dimensional spatial coordinates. Excellent agreement between the predicted values and the measurements is obtained. It is observed that points on the extrapolation regime of the neural network can be predicted with an accuracy of 93 % using a training data set with less than 50 % of the number of data points to be predicted. The results indicate the capability of performing design‐ and optimization studies for pressure‐swirl injectors, with sufficient accuracy, by applying a modest amount of data in conjunction with an overall optimized value for the width of the probability.
Numerical Simulation of Flow Patterns in Cyclones of Different Cone Dimensions
Authors: Xiang Rong B. , Lee Ken W. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThis paper presents the numerical simulation of the flow patterns within three cyclones of different cone dimensions. The simulation was performed with commercial CFD package FLUENT V5.5. The accuracy of the simulation was tested by comparison with the available experimental data. Simulation results show that the cone dimension significantly influences the flow pattern within cyclones. The comparison of the flow patterns within the cyclones of different cone dimensions explained well the different separation behavior of these cyclones. The results suggest that the CFD simulation is capable of predicting changes in flow patterns resulting from cyclone configuration modification.
Analysis of urinary nucleosides. V. Identification of urinary pyrimidine nucleosides by liquid chromatography/electrospray mass spectrometry
Authors: Bond Alison , Dudley Edward , Lemière Filip , Tuytten Robin , El‐Sharkawi Salah , Brenton A. Gareth , Esmans Eddy L. , Newton Russell P. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractModified urinary nucleosides are potentially invaluable in cancer diagnosis, as they reflect altered RNA turnovers. High‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was combined with full‐scan mass spectrometry, tandem mass spectrometry, MSn analysis and accurate mass measurements in order to identify pyrimidine nucleosides purified from urine. Potential nucleosides were assessed by their evident UV absorbance in the HPLC chromatogram and then further examined by the various mass spectrometric techniques. In this manner numerous pyrimidine nucleosides were identified in the urine samples from cancer patients including pseudouridine, cytidine, two methylcytidines and an acetylcytidine. Furthermore, a number of novel modified pyrimidine nucleosides were tentatively identified via critical interpretation of the combined mass spectrometric data. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
New experiments on HNCSe and HCNSe radical cations
Authors: Gerbaux P. , Dechamps N. , Flammang R. , Nagi Reddy P. , Srinivas R. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractDissociative ionization of the selenourea SeC(NH2)2 (2) conveniently generates beams of pure isocyanoselenic acid radical cations. The HNCSe.+ connectivity is established by collisional activation and by associative ion‐molecule reactions with dimethyl sulfide or nitric oxide using a large‐scale hybrid mass spectrometer. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The analysis of 1‐propanol and 2‐propanol in humid air samples using selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry
Authors: Wang Tianshu , Carroll Will , Lenny Warren , Boit Phillipa , Smith David 
Published: December 2005

AbstractFollowing the observation that propanol is present in the breath samples of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients infected byPseudomonas aeruginosa(PA), a study of the reactions of H3O+, NO+and Owith 1‐propanol and 2‐propanol has been conducted using selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry (SIFT‐MS). In this study the number and the distribution of the product ions from NO+reactions with the two propanol isomers under humid air conditions were able to differentiate between the two isomers. The reaction mechanisms and the structures of the product ions for these reactions, especially those with H3O+and NO+, have been proposed. As an example, 2‐propanol was shown to be present in a breath sample from one CF patient infected with PA, and also in a PA isolate from another CF patient grown on Pseudomonas‐selective media. The results of this study allow an analytical procedure to be advanced for the analysis of the two propanol isomers, which can also be utilised in other applications. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Capturing design rationale with functional decomposition of roles in business processes modeling
Authors: Balabko Pavel , Wegmann Alain , Ruppen Alain , Clément Nicolas 
Published: December 2005

AbstractEnterprises need to create and maintain the fit between their business processes and their business process support (BPS) systems. This frequently requires re‐engineering of business processes. If the business processes' design rationales are made explicit, the re‐engineering of the existing business processes is easier. Making the design rationales explicit is useful to understand why things exist as they are, and to understand if and how they can be changed.The most common way to capture design rationales is to list the design decisions underlying the business process. In the method proposed in this publication, we capture design rationales through role modeling. We document the design rationales for each role in the analyzed business process. The roles are described as the compositions of ‘base functionalities’. A base functionality is the specification of a role (or of a part of a role) from the viewpoint of one of the specific specialists who designs the business process. These base functionalities are composed together to describe the roles of the participants to the business process. As a result, a business process modeler can understand who is responsible for what in the business processes. In collaboration with the specialists, the business modeler can then ensure that no important part of the business process is missing or is unnecessary. Owing to this work, the business process can be verified before being automated with the BPS system. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Aligning people to business processes experience report
Authors: Andersson Tomas , Bider Ilia , Svensson Rogier 
Published: December 2005

AbstractBusiness process orientation requires some kind of a business processes support system. However, building a proper system is not enough for introducing process orientation, the organization should ensure that the system is routinely used by all people involved in the processes. The latter task may be more complicated than the one of building the system. This article summarizes an experience of building business process support systems and introducing them into operational practice acquired over some period of time. The article describes and explains difficulties related to the marketing of such systems and introducing them into operational practice, and gives examples that show how these difficulties could be overcome. In conclusion, it suggests an approach to introducing business process orientation, called a ‘reverse’ evolutionary approach, which could be suitable for some business contexts. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A framework for classifying and evaluating process architecture methods
Authors: Green Stewart , Ould Martyn 
Published: December 2005

AbstractPiecemeal identification, development, and support of an organisation's processes may lead to problems: first, it may be difficult to identify which processes should be supported, and, second, it is unlikely that processes developed piecemeal will either optimise the achievement of an organisation's objectives, or work well together. One solution involves identifying and modelling an organisation's process architecture, and then using it to develop and subsequently support the constituent processes. However, this solution leads to a new challenge: a number of different types of process architecture method have been proposed, but it is not clear which should be used in a given situation. To address this challenge, the article outlines a framework for classifying, evaluating, and comparing process architectures. Following the work of Rolland et al.(1998), the proposed framework considers process architecture methods from four different views: contents, form, purpose, and lifecycle. To partially validate the framework, it was used to classify and evaluate Riva (Ould 2005), a particular process architecture method. The result of this application of the framework suggests how it might be refined. It could then be used for comparing other process architecture methods. Such a comparative analysis should help practitioners choose between process architecture methods. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assessing the potential for recovery of lakeshore vegetation: species richness of sediment propagule banks
Authors: Nishihiro Jun , Nishihiro Miho A. , Washitani Izumi 
Published: December 2005

AbstractTo assess the potential and develop appropriate techniques for the recolonization of lakeshore vegetation at sites where it had been completely lost, a pilot project was launched at Lake Kasumigaura, Japan. We investigated the species composition and density of the soil seed banks (propagule banks) of lake sediments at nine sites (total area, 65,200 m2) where lake sediments were spread thinly (∼10 cm) on the surfaces of artificial littoral zones. These zones were constructed in front of concrete levees and had microtopographic variations. In total, 180 species, including six endangered or vulnerable species and 12 native submerged plants that had disappeared from the aboveground vegetation of the lake, were recorded during the first year of restoration. The distribution of each restored species at the sites suggested the importance of microtopographic variation for recolonizing species‐rich lakeshore vegetation. Furthermore, the origin of the source sediment affected the species composition of the established vegetation.
The anti‐CD14 antibody IC14 suppresses ex vivo endotoxin stimulated tumor necrosis factor‐alpha in patients with chronic heart failure
Authors: Genth‐Zotz Sabine , von Haehling Stephan , Bolger Aidan P. , Kalra Paul R. , Wensel Roland , Coats Andrew J.S. , Volk Hans‐Dieter , Anker Stefan D. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractBackground:Activation of the endotoxin (LPS) receptor, CD14, leads to tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF) production. Plasma LPS activity is elevated in patients with severe chronic heart failure (CHF). An anti‐CD14 antibody, IC14, blocks TNF production in healthy volunteers. It is not known whether IC14 prevents TNF production in CHF patients.Methods and results:Blood from 20 CHF patients (age 64±2.1 years, NYHA class 2.2±0.1, LVEF 27±3%, mean±SEM) was pre‐incubated with 0.5, 1.0, 5.0, 10 and 50 μg/mL IC14 for 1 h followed by incubation with 1 or 10 ng/mL LPS for 6 h. Fourteen subjects served as controls (58±2.4 years). LPS‐stimulated TNF release was 76% and 60% greater at 1 and 10 ng/mL LPS, respectively, in CHF patients versus controls (p=0.07 and p=0.008). IC14 at concentrations of 5.0, 10 and 50 μg/mL substantially reduced TNF production in response to stimulation with LPS (all p<0.05). CD14 receptor density was similar in patients and controls. In controls, but not in CHF patients, there was a positive correlation between CD14 receptor density and TNF production (r=0.61, p=0.03).Conclusion:IC14 suppresses LPS‐stimulated whole blood TNF production in patients with CHF and in normal subjects and therefore may represent a novel therapeutic strategy for CHF patients with systemic immune activation.
Deciphering the molecular bases ofMycobacterium tuberculosisbinding to the lectin DC-SIGN reveals an underestimated complexity
Authors: Pitarque Sylvain , Herrmann Jean-Louis , Duteyrat Jean-Luc , Jackson Mary , Stewart Graham R. , Lecointe François , Payre Bruno , Schwartz Olivier , Young Douglas B. , Marchal Gilles , Lagrange Philippe H. , Puzo Germain , Gicquel Brigitte , Nigou Jérôme , Neyrolles Olivier 
Published: December 2005

Interactions between dendritic cells and Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the aetiological agent of tuberculosis in humans, are thought to be central to anti-mycobacterial immunity. We have previously shown that M. tuberculosis binds to human monocyte-derived dendritic cells mostly through the C-type lectin DC-SIGN (dendritic-cell-specific intercellular molecule-3-grabbing non-integrin)/CD209, and we have suggested that DC-SIGN may discriminate between mycobacterial species through recognition of the mannose-capping residues on the lipoglycan lipoarabinomannan of the bacterial envelope. Here, using a variety of fast- and slow-growing Mycobacterium species, we provide further evidence that mycobacteria recognition by DC-SIGN may be restricted to species of the M. tuberculosis complex. Fine analyses of the lipoarabinomannan molecules purified from these species show that the structure and amount of these molecules alone cannot account for such a preferential recognition. We propose that M. tuberculosis recognition by DC-SIGN relies on both a potential difference of accessibility of lipoarabinomannan in its envelope and, more probably, on the binding of additional ligands, possibly including lipomannan, mannose-capped arabinomannan, as well as the mannosylated 19 kDa and 45 kDa [Apa (alanine/proline-rich antigen)] glycoproteins. Altogether, our results reveal that the molecular basis of M. tuberculosis binding to DC-SIGN is more complicated than previously thought and provides further insight into the mechanisms of M. tuberculosis recognition by the immune system.
International Trade Theory and Policy: What is Left of the Free Trade Paradigm?
Authors: Sen Sunanda 
Published: December 2005

AbstractFree trade doctrines have been questioned from the angle of their logical validity as well as relevance. Their replacement by New Trade Theories has been matched by important policy moves on strategic trade and industrial policy in advanced countries. These are defended by the advanced nations, both at inter‐governmental levels and in multilateral institutions, largely in the interest of big capital in industry and finance. However, the theoretically discarded principles of free trade are still in use to push trade liberalization in developing countries. An uneven power relation between the rich and poor nations of the world has generated this asymmetric combination of policies in the world economy. Neglect of the macroeconomic issues relating to the national as well as the world economy has led these theories and the related policies to ignore the concerns for growth as well as development.
Strategic Factors in Economic Development: East Asian Industrialization 1950–2003
Authors: Storm Servaas , Naastepad C. W. M. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractEast Asia's newly industrializing economies are the paragon of successful industrialization. This article investigates what lies behind this success by identifying seven ‘stylized facts’, which concern the contributions to industrialization and growth of structural change and technological change; and the role played by investment, savings and exports. Based on these stylized facts, the authors offer a new formulation of East Asian growth in terms of a cumulative‐causation growth model. They discuss the impact on industrial diversification and upgrading of industrial and trade policies (including import substitution), and labour‐market policies in the context of East Asia's authoritarian political regimes. Important specific factors are highlighted and the particular kinds of policies and institutions used in East Asia to finance accumulation are reviewed, before briefly considering the transferability of the East Asian growth regime.
Phenotype of early cardiomyopathic changes induced by active immunization of rats with a synthetic peptide corresponding to the second extracellular loop of the human β1-adrenergic receptor
Authors: Buvall L , Bollano E , Chen J , Shultze W , Fu M 
Published: December 2005

Summary
In the failing human heart, due to idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy, it has been suggested that the β1-adrenergic receptor (β1AR) is a potential pathogenic autoantigen. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether immunization of rats with a synthetic peptide corresponding to the second extracellular loop of the β1AR (β1AR ECII) was able to induce the early stage of cardiomyopathy and also to investigate immunological and receptor functional parameters at a transcriptional level to permit insights into the autoimmune mechanism in cardiomyopathy. Eleven Whistar Fur rats were immunized with a β1AR ECII peptide (H26R) once a month during 12 months and seven control rats were injected with vehicle according to the same procedure used for the immunized group. Cardiac function, β1AR autoantibodies and their functional effects on cardiomyocytes were analysed. β1AR receptor signalling, immunological and cardiomyocyte stretch markers were determined on transcriptional level. In H26R immunized rats, β1AR autoantibodies were shown to be present and functionally active, cardiac functions in terms of fractional shortening were decreased and β1-adrenergic receptor kinase (GRK2) mRNA were increased compared with the control group. These data have shown that immunization of rats with a putative antigenic peptide was able to induce an early stage phenotype of cardiomyopathy in the form of cardiac dysfunction and up-regulation of GRK2 as the first step in the desensitization process of the β1AR, implying the pathological importance of the β1AR autoantibody.
Recurrent infections in partial complement factor I deficiency: evaluation of three generations of a Brazilian family
Authors: Grumach A S , Leitão M F , Arruk V G , Kirschfink M , Condino-Neto A 
Published: December 2005

SummaryWe report here on the evaluation of a factor I-deficient Brazilian family (three generations, 39 members) with strong consanguinity. The complete factor I-deficient patients (n = 3) presented recurrent respiratory infections, skin infections and meningitis; one of them died after sepsis. They presented an impaired total haemolytic activity (CH50), low C3, low factor H and undetectable C3dg/C3d. Partial factor I deficiency was detected in 16 family members (normal low cut-off value was 25 µg/ml). Respiratory infections were the most common clinical occurrence among partial factor I-deficient relatives. Two of them were submitted to nephrectomy following recurrent urinary tract infections. An additional two heterozygous relatives presented with arthritis and rheumatic fever. Apparently, patients with partial factor I deficiency are also at higher risk for recurrent infections. Vaccination against capsulated bacteria and the eventual use of prophylactic antibiotics should be considered individually in this patient group.
Tomato Pto encodes a functional N‐myristoylation motif that is required for signal transduction in Nicotiana benthamiana
Authors: de Vries Jeroen S. , Andriotis Vasilios M.E. , Wu Ai‐Jiuan , Rathjen John P. 
Published: December 2005

SummaryPto kinase of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) confers resistance to bacterial speck disease caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato expressing avrPto or avrPtoB. Pto interacts directly with these type‐III secreted effectors, leading to induction of defence responses including the hypersensitive response (HR). Signalling by Pto requires the nucleotide‐binding site–leucine‐rich repeat (NBS–LRR) protein Prf. Little is known of how Pto is controlled prior to or during stimulation, although kinase activity is required for Avr‐dependent activation. Here we demonstrate a role for the N‐terminus in signalling by Pto. N‐terminal residues outside the kinase domain were required for induction of the HR in Nicotiana benthamiana. The N‐terminus also contributed to both AvrPto‐binding and phosphorylation abilities. Pto residues 1–10 comprise a consensus motif for covalent attachment of myristate, a hydrophobic 14‐carbon saturated fatty acid, to the Gly‐2 residue. Several lines of evidence indicate that this motif is important for Pto function. A heterologous N‐myristoylation motif complemented N‐terminal deletion mutants of Pto for Prf‐dependent signalling. Signalling by wild‐type and mutant forms of Pto was strictly dependent on the Gly‐2 residue. The N‐myristoylation motif of Pto complemented the cognate motif of AvrPto for avirulence function and membrane association. Furthermore, Pto was myristoylated in vivo dependent on the presence of Gly‐2. The subcellular localization of Pto was independent of N‐myristoylation, indicating that N‐myristoylation is required for some function other than membrane affinity. Consistent with this idea, AvrPtoB was also found to be a soluble protein. The data indicate an important role(s) for the myristoylated N‐terminus in Pto signalling.
RECENT DEVELOPMENT AND USEFULNESS OF INFRARED ENDOSCOPIC SYSTEM FOR DIAGNOSIS OF GASTRIC CANCER
Authors: Ishihara Ryu , Uedo Noriya , Iishi Hiroyasu , Ogiyama Syuji , Yamada Takuya , Higashino Koji , Narahara Hiroyasu , Tatsuta Masaharu , Iseki Kazushige , Ishiguro Shingo 
Published: December 2005

Background:  Near‐infrared (IR) rays, because of their limited scattering characteristics and low absorption by water and hemoglobin, can penetrate deeply into tissue. Using infrared rays, we have developed an infrared electronic endoscope system and evaluated its usefulness for assessing the depth of involvement of gastric cancers. Recently, we developed a new infrared videoendoscopic system (dual wavelength system). With this system, we can recognize submucosal vessels of gastric cancers in a greater detail with higher resolution under IR light.Methods:  A total of 30 patients with depressed gastric cancers underwent infrared endoscopy.Results:  Twenty‐one (91%) of 23 intramucosal and submucosal cancers less than 1000 µm were observed as tumors with no stain or faint stain, whereas all (100%) of seven more invasive cancers were observed as tumors with dense stain or pooling of the dye. Thus, the overall accuracy was 93% (28 of 30 tumors). Moreover, 95% (18 of 19) of tumors with ulcerative changes were correctly diagnosed.Conclusions:  New infrared electronic endoscopic system is useful for diagnosing the depth of involvement of early gastric cancer either with or without ulcerative changes. This system will bring us further development in the diagnosis of gastric cancer.