bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expression of Peroxisome Proliferator‐activated Receptor Gamma (PPAR‐γ) in Canine Nasal Carcinomas
Authors: Paciello O. , Borzacchiello G. , Varricchio E. , Papparella S. 
Published: September 2007

SummaryPeroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ (PPAR‐γ) is a ligand‐activated transcriptional factor belonging to the steroid receptor superfamily. PPAR‐γ is expressed in multiple normal and neoplastic tissues, such as the breast, colon, lung, ovary and placenta. In addition to adipogenic and anti‐inflammatory effects, PPAR‐γ activation has been shown to be anti‐proliferative by its differentiation‐promoting effect, suggesting that activation of PPAR‐γ may be useful in slowing or arresting the proliferation of de‐differentiated tumour cells. In this study, we investigated the expression of PPAR‐γ in normal and neoplastic canine nasal epithelium. Twenty‐five samples composed of five normal nasal epithelia and 20 canine nasal carcinomas, were immunohistochemically stained for PPAR‐γ. The specificity of the antibody was verified by Western Blot analysis. Confocal laser scanning microscopical investigation was also performed. In normal epithelium, the staining pattern was cytoplasmic and polarized at the cellular free edge. In carcinomas, the neoplastic cells showed mainly strong cytoplasmatic PPAR‐γ expression; moreover, perinuclear immunoreactivity was also detected and few neoplastic cells exhibited a nuclear positivity. Our results demonstrate different patterns of PPAR‐γ expression in normal canine nasal epithelium when compared with canine nasal carcinoma. The importance of this transcription factor in the pathophysiology of several different tumours has stimulated much research in this field and has opened new opportunities for the treatment of the tumours.
Analysis of the Canine mdr1−1Δ Mutation in the Dog Breed Elo
Authors: Fecht S. , Wöhlke A. , Hamann H. , Distl O. 
Published: September 2007

SummaryA deletion mutation in the canine multidrug resistance gene, MDR1, is associated with drug sensitivity. This was shown for several purebred dog breeds from the Collie lineage such as the Collie (rough‐coated and smooth‐coated), the Australian Shepherd and the Old English sheepdog. To determine whether the mdr1−1Δ mutation could be found in the newly bred German dog breed Elo which is based amongst other breeds on Old English sheepdogs, 177 blood samples representative for the Elo breed were collected. After DNA extraction, a polymerase chain reaction‐based method with subsequent polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used for detection of the mdr1−1Δ mutation. The mdr1−1Δ allele was not observed in the Elos investigated. The probability that the mdr1−1Δ allele originated in the Old English sheepdog breed is segregating in the Elo population was estimated at 3.68 × 10−17.
Willingness of gynaecologists, doctors in family planning, GPs, practice nurses and pharmacists to adopt novel interventions for treating sexual partners of women with chlamydia
Authors: Cameron ST , Melvin L , Glasier A , Scott G , Johnstone A , Young H 
Published: September 2007

Objective  To determine willingness of health professionals to adopt new interventions for treating sexual partners of women with chlamydia.Design  Anonymous, self‐administered questionnaires of doctors, practice nurses and community pharmacists regarding novel testing/treatment options for partners of women with chlamydia.Setting  Local (Scotland) and national (UK) clinical meetings in reproductive health, and community pharmacy (Lothian).Population  Doctors (general practice, gynaecology, family planning) and practice nurses who were delegates at selected meetings in reproductive health and community pharmacists attending pharmacy meetings.Methods  Doctors and nurses were invited to complete a questionnaire indicating their preferred strategy for testing/treating sexual partners of women with chlamydia if given choice of partner notification, postal testing kit (PTK), patient delivered partner medication (PDPM) with azithromycin or combined PDPM and PTK. Community pharmacists were invited to complete a questionnaire regarding their willingness to introduce chlamydia testing and treatment services.Main outcome measures  Reported preferences of doctors and nurses for partner testing/treatment strategies and willingness of pharmacists to offer new services.Results  Questionnaires were completed by 211 doctors, 73 practice nurses and 50 pharmacists. The most popular choice of doctors (30%) and nurses (23%) was a combination of PDPM with PTK, with partner notification the least popular (8 and 3%, respectively). One in four doctors had previously used PDPM for treating partners. Most pharmacists were willing to supply free PTKs (98%), offer testing (75%) and treatment services (100%) and give women PDPM for partners (80%).Conclusion  Relevant health professionals, who are increasingly involved in managing chlamydia, are largely in favour of introducing new strategies for treating sexual partners.
Dinophysis diegensis is a life history stage of Dinophysis caudata (Dinophyceae, Dinophysiales)1
Authors: Reguera Beatriz , González‐Gil Sonsoles , Delgado Maximino 
Published: September 2007

Several species of Dinophysis Ehrenb. have been observed to produce “small cells” that are different in size and shape from the vegetative cells, following a reductionary division under certain environmental conditions, as part of a polymorphic life cycle. Based on observations on fixed field samples, D. diegensis Kof. was hypothesized to be a small form of D. caudata Saville‐Kent. In this study, this hypothesis was confirmed after incubations, in cell culture chambers, of groups of individually picked vegetative cells from natural populations of D. caudata. Eight to 10 d after inoculation, different life‐cycle stages were observed in the wells. Illustrations of small and intermediate forms of D. caudata developed in vitro were contrasted with those observed during their proliferation in the northeast Atlantic (Galicia) and northwest Mediterranean (Catalonia) coasts of Iberia. It is proposed that Dinophysis diegensis–like specimens should be considered as a taxonomic (or heterotypic) synonym of Dinophysis caudata. A historical overview is provided (see Supplementary material) that revises the large list of taxa used to nominate different morphotypes of D. caudata, and its small and intermediate cells, since its original description by Saville‐Kent in 1881.
Differences between subtypes of children with ADHD and simple attentional difficulties during an initial assessment
Authors: Weber Peter , Jourdan‐Moser Sonya , Halsband Ulrike 
Published: September 2007

AbstractObjective: To examine differences between subtypes of children with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), simple attentional difficulties and situational ADHD during an initial assessment.Method: In a single‐centre study examination data of 205 children who had an initial assessment between January 1, 2002 and December 31, 2003 were retrospectively analyzed. The groups of children were compared with respect to their history features, neuromotor deficits, neuropsychological performance, and comorbid behavioural and developmental deficits by standardized test procedures and questionnaires.Results: Children with ADHD more frequently have a positive family history of attentional symptoms than non‐ADHD children. There is no difference between these groups with respect to the associated behavioural problems. Children classified as ADHD show more neuromotor problems and neuropsychological deficits than children with non‐ADHD attentional problems. Children with ADHD subtype hyperactive/impulsive demonstrate better neuropsychological performance than children with subtypes inattentive and combined. Children with situational home‐only or school‐only ADHD show no clear differences in neuromotor behaviour, comorbid problems or neuropsychological performance.Conclusions: There are clear neuropsychological differences between children who fulfil the classification criteria of The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Disease, Fourth Revision (DSM‐IV) for ADHD and children who are confronted daily with attentional difficulties, but do not fulfil the criteria for ADHD. In contrast, differences in behavioural comorbidities were not found, nor were differences found between home‐only and school‐only ADHD children.
Importance of T Cells, Gamma Interferon, and Tumor Necrosis Factor in Immune Control of the Rapid GrowerMycobacterium abscessusin C57BL/6 Mice
Authors: Rottman Martin , Catherinot Emilie , Hochedez Patrick , Emile Jean-François , Casanova Jean-Laurent , Gaillard Jean-Louis , Soudais Claire 
Published: September 2007

ABSTRACTMycobacterium abscessusis an emerging rapidly growing mycobacterium that causes tuberculous-like lesions in humans. We studied the immune control of this organism in C57BL/6 mice challenged intravenously with 107CFU. Bacteria were eliminated from both the spleen and the liver within 90 days, and liver histology showed organized granulomatous lesions. A T- and B-cell requirement was investigated by challengingRag2−/−,Cd3ε−/−, and μMT−/−mice.Rag2−/−andCd3ε−/−mice were significantly impaired in the ability to clearM. abscessusfrom the liver and spleen, and μMT−/−mice were significantly impaired in the ability to clearM. abscessusfrom the liver, suggesting that infection control was primarily T cell dependent in the spleen and both T and B cell dependent in the liver. The liver granulomatous response was similar to that of wild-type controls in μMT−/−mice but completely absent inCd3ε−/−andRag2−/−mice. We studied the involvement of gamma interferon (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) by challenging C57BL/6 mice deficient in the IFN-γ receptor (Ifngr1−/−) and in TNF (Tnf−/−).Ifngr1−/−mice were significantly impaired inM. abscessuscontrol both in the spleen and in the liver, and granulomas were profoundly altered. The effect was even more substantial inTnf−/−mice; they failed to controlM. abscessusinfection in the liver and died within 20 to 25 days after infection with many hepatic inflammatory foci and major lesions of ischemic necrosis in the liver and kidney. These features were not observed with the closely related speciesM. chelonae. T-cell immunity, IFN-γ, and TNF are central factors for the control ofM. abscessusin C57BL/6 mice, as they are for the control of pathogenic slowly growing mycobacteria.
Applicability of the High Field Model:An Analytical Study Via Asymptotic ParametersDefining Domain Decomposition
Authors: Cercignani Carlo , Gamba Irene M. , Jerome Joseph W. , Shu Chi-Wang 
Published: September 2007

In this paper, we present a mesoscopic‐macroscopic model of self‐consistent charge
transport. It is based upon an asymptotic expansion of solutions of the Boltzmann
Transport Equation (BTE). We identify three dimensionless parameters from the BTE.
These parameters are, respectively, the quotient of reference scales for drift and thermal
velocities, the scaled mean free path, and the scaled Debye length. Such parameters
induce domain dependent macroscopic approximations. Particular focus is placed upon
the so‐called high field model, defined by the regime where drift velocity dominates
thermal velocity. This model incorporates kinetic transition layers, linking mesoscopic
to macroscopic states. Reference scalings are defined by the background doping levels
and distinct, experimentally measured mobility expressions, as well as locally
determined ranges for the electric fields. The mobilities reflect a coarse substitute for
reference scales of scattering mechanisms. See [9] for elaboration.The high field approximation is a formally derived modification of the augmented
drift‐diffusion model originally introduced by Thornber some fifteen years ago [25]. We
are able to compare our approach with the earlier kinetic approach of Baranger and
Wilkins [5] and the macroscopic approach of Kan, Ravaioli and Kerkhoven [20].
The evolution of 'Close Care' as user-led care of the elderly in the UK
Authors: Habell Martin 
Published: September 2007

The chronic ailments of old age such as stroke, coro nary heart disease, severe arthritis and loss of sight have traditionally found care only in a nursing home. Taking care to the family house or sheltered home has drawbacks because of inappropriate accommo dation. There is now an alternative that also reflects changing expectations on the part of the elderly. 'Close Care' offers a solution to the crises of carer shortages and ever increasing nursing costs. It also responds to the growing consumerist power of the elderly who seek more choice, more control and higher standards. Habell's involvement in the early growth of pri vate purpose-designed nursing homes pointed to an emerging demand for accommodation which the residents identified as home and over which they exercised choice and control. The elderly were mov ing from passive subjects of assessment and care to become a market with consumer tastes and power. Coining the phrase Close Care, the team encour aged Habell's architectural solutions to evolve into hybrid schemes, which broke new ground by seeking to provide as normal a home as possible while flexi bly accommodating all the disabilities of old age. In effect Close Care offers an invisible or virtual nursing home where the elderly are motivated in self help by stimulating surroundings, control of their environment, choice of support and knowledge that they have their own home for life among friends and helpers. Close Care offers a solution to the rising costs of nursing care, overcomes the alienation of institution al environments and offers a way of integrating alert but frail and even confused persons back into a nor mal community
The possible effects on health, comfort and safety of aircraft cabin environments
Authors: Brown Terry P. , Shuker Linda K. , Rushton Lesley , Warren Fiona , Stevens Jane 
Published: September 2007

A consultation was undertaken to investigate the views and concerns of stakeholders in the aircraft industry about the possible harmful effects on personal health, comfort and safety of aircraft cabin environments. Stakeholders were identified from a variety of sources including Government agencies, the Internet, House of Lords inquiry, and suggestions of intervie wees. They represented: aircraft crews, aircraft con structors and engineers, government departments and authorities, holiday/flight companies, insurance com panies, non-governmental organisations, occupational health physicians, passenger representatives, and inde pendent researchers and consultants. Eighty-seven were contacted of which 57 were interviewed over the telephone using a semi-structured questionnaire. Their concerns were transcribed into a standard format and analysed qualitatively. Key stakeholders, along with Government officials, were invited to a workshop to discuss and prioritise the issues raised during the inter views. The main concerns expressed by the participants fell into five main areas: deep vein thrombosis, air qual ity, infection, cosmic radiation, and jet lag and work pat terns. In addition, a number of safety concerns were raised as well as comments on the provision of appro priate advice to passengers. It was generally felt that further research was required on each of these subjects, as well as an improvement in the quality; quantity and availability of information provided for passengers prior to boarding a flight.
Nutrition and multi-ethnic groups
Authors: Qureshi B.A. 
Published: September 2007

Growth and health depend on food. You are what you eat. Cultural eating habits are based on low cost and availability of a food in local market. Religious restric tions on a particular food are meant to prevent moral, psychological and physical harm. In English food; excessive use of chips may lead to obesity and heart disease. Low fibre with high fat may contribute to cancer colon. Bangladeshi rice eaters may develop 'post bulber duodenal ulcer'. Japanese raw fish diet may predispose to cancer of the stomach. Asian chapati diet may cause rickets and osteomalasia. Vegetarians may get iron deficiency anaemia. An Indian vegetable 'karela' in a curry may potentiate the action of chlorpropamide (diabenese) and lead to prolonged hypoglycemia result ing in fainting or coma. A Jamaican native dish of delicacy 'ACKEE' if cooked unripe can kill. This paper deals with such clinical points for a busy doctor and practical tips for other health workers who care for multi-ethnic groups in the U.K.
Alcohol and Australian Industry
Authors: Gay John E. 
Published: September 2007

LCOHOLISM is one of Australia's major health problems. Since most alcoholics are in the work- force the problem has considerable implications for industry. A successful approach to helping em ployees with drinking problems is the company prog ram which aims for rehabilitation through counselling and referral to specialist treatment agencies. One such scheme operates in the Australian National Railways, South Australia. Every Australian company carries a small but signifi cant number of employees who suffer from serious personal problems. Most companies, quite naturally, don't want to get involved. Private lives should be left to themselves, most believe, even though personal problems rarely stop between 9 a.m. and 5 p.m. Almost invariably they carry over into the working day and affect performance in the workplace. Alcoholism is Australia's third most serious health problem behind cancer and heart disease1,2 . It is a problem which has serious implications for industry for industry since, contrary to popular conception, most alcoholics exist not on 'skid row' but in the work force. Only three out of ten men and four out of ten women undergoing treatment for alcoholism are unemployed and approximately 5 per cent are of pensionable age1. Even if those who present for treatment are a biased sample of the general population of alcoholics, the fact remains that a significant proportion of people suffer ing from alcoholism are in the work force. Moreover, sufferers from alcoholism are typically afflicted with the maximum effect of the disease between ages 30 and 50, which is the stage of their working lives when they are likely to be most productive2. Estimates of the number of problem drinkers in any work force range from 3 per cent to 10 per cent 3. The alcoholic is most likely to be male, a bread-winner and is equally likely to be found in any occupation or industry3,4. The alcoholic worker, in all but the last stages of alcoholism, is likely to go easily undetected when seeking employment4. Thus the problem of alcoholism in industry is not likely to be reduced but only recirculated by dismissal of alcoholic employees. Orga nisations thus have a vested interest in being able to do something for the employee with such problems. There are two problems of major importance: first, how to intervene tactfully and without invading privacy; second, how to respond to the very great complexity of modern social problems. Apart from the human toll exacted by alcoholism, its cost to the community has reached alarming propor tions: • Absenteeism among alcoholics is estimated to be between two and three times higher than average 2. • The World Health Organisation estimates that 20 per cent of all industrial accidents are the result of alcoholism6. • The cost in lost production in the U.S.A. was estimnated in 1981 at 10 billion dollars. • In Australia the cost to the community as a whole has been estimated to be in excess of $1,000 million per annum1,2. • In 1980/81 the cost to Australian industry was estimated at 790 million per annum6 .
Pediculosis Humanus Capitis Among Primary School Children in lie-ife, Nigeria
Authors: Jinadu M.K. 
Published: September 2007

THIS STUDY was undertaken to determine the prevalence of pediculosis and to identify factors involved in its spread among primary school children in Nigeria. The result shows a high prevalence (12.7%) of pediculosis among the primary school population. The incidence of parasitosis was signifi cantly higher among older children, children of artisans and lower among children of professional workers. 14.2% of the infested children suffered from impetigo, and compared with 1.8% of the non-infested, the elationship was highly significant. Overcrowding at home and in the school and poor standard of hygiene of the children were basically responsible for the high infestation. "As with animal population, a high incidence of lousiness suggests that something is amiss with the health of the community" J. W. Maunder, 1982.
Contraception among female students in the University of Benin
Authors: Chiwuzie Jasper C. , Dariah Gerald L. 
Published: September 2007

QESTIONNAIRES WERE distributed amongst a randomly selected sample of 400 female under graduates of the University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria with the aim of finding out their degree of aware ness of, attitude to, and use of contraceptives. The mean age of the studied population was 19.6 years. 360 (90%) were single. 372 of them (93%) were aware of contraception, 192 (48%) had used one form of contracep tion or the other, and 104 (26%) had had one or more abortions at the time of the study. Of these 104, 62 (or 60.8% of them) had used no form of contraception prior to the pregnancy. The most dreaded side effect of contraception among the population studied was infertility.
Legionnaire's Disease Surveillance Programme
Authors: O'Neill Kenneth 
Published: September 2007

IN AUSTRALIA, approximately 150 cases of Legionnaire's Disease are reported annually. Untreated, the mortality rate is estimated at 20%. Australia's largest Legionnaire's Disease epidemic broke out in Wollongong (New South Wales) back in 1987, where some 45 cases required hospitalization and 10 of these died. Local Health Authorities have been advised to conduct initial surveys of their particular municipalities to locate all known water cooling towers and evapora tive condensers to establish maintenance standards on such units to overcome possible future outbreaks of this disease with significant mortality.
Maternal Formal Education and the Four-Child Policy in Nigeria
Authors: Opaneye A.A. 
Published: September 2007

A CROSS-SECTIONAL survey was done in the puerperium of 320 mothers who delivered at Ogun State University Teaching Hospital, Sagamu, Nigeria over a period of three months. The patients were stratified according to their parities in relation to their levels of formal education. The results showed that those with the least formal education were the most parous (p<0.005) and had the highest perinatal deaths. The difference between perinatal deaths suffered by mothers with no formal education and those with post-secondary school education was statistically significant (p<0.05). No association was demonstrated between the level of formal education and the delivery of low birthweight infants. When compared with grandmultiparae (parity ≥5), primipara had more formal education (p<0.005). Therefore, for a successful implementation of the four-child policy in Nigeria, a concerted effort must be made to encourage maternal formal education. This should be to at least secondary school level.