bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Single‐dose immunogenicity and protective efficacy of simian adenoviral vectors against Plasmodium berghei
Authors: Reyes‐Sandoval Arturo , Sridhar Saranya , Berthoud Tamara , Moore Anne C. , Harty John T. , Gilbert Sarah C. , Gao Guangping , Ertl Hildegund C. J. , Wilson James C. , Hill Adrian V. S. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractSimian adenoviral vectors (SAd) offer an attractive alternative to standard human adenovirus serotype 5 (AdH5) subunit vaccination, due to pre‐existing immunity affecting vaccine performance. We have used a mouse model of liver‐stage malaria to test the efficiency of three chimpanzee‐origin adenoviral vectors, AdC6, AdC7 and AdC9 containing ME.TRAP as an insert. AdC7 and AdC9 elicited strong immunogenicity (∼20% of CD8+ T cells in spleen), equivalent to or outperforming AdH5 and inducing sterile protection in 92% (C9), 83% (H5 and C7) and 67% (C6) of the mice, providing the first evidence of single‐dose protection to Plasmodium berghei. Protection was afforded by the SAd despite high levels of pre‐existing immunity to AdH5. Phenotypic analysis showed that all adenoviral vectors (Ad) elicited CD8+ T cell responses with an effector memory T cell (TEM) phenotype. By contrast, vaccination with poxviral vectors did not confer protection to P. berghei and induced a predominantly CD8+ central memory T cell (TCM) response. Multifunctional CD8+ T cell responses (co‐expressing IFN‐γ, TNF‐α and IL‐2) were also induced by the Ad in higher percentages than the poxviral vectors. Our data suggest that TEM cells are important as a first line of defense against fast‐replicating pathogens such as murine Plasmodium and demonstrate the potential of replication‐defective SAd as future malaria vaccines for humans.
Cellular uptake of C4b‐binding protein is mediated by heparan sulfate proteoglycans and CD91/LDL receptor‐related protein
Authors: Spijkers Patricia P. , Denis Cécile V. , Blom Anna M. , Lenting Peter J. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractC4b‐binding protein (C4BP) is a protein acting as a complement inhibitor and a carrier protein for anticoagulant protein S. Previously, we reported that the in vivo clearance of C4BP involves CD91, and that a CD91‐interactive site overlaps the heparin‐binding site within C4BP α‐chains 26. Here, we investigated the C4BP‐CD91 interaction in more detail. Binding of C4BP to CD91 was unaffected by protein S, which associates with C4BP β‐chain. Second, mutagenesis of cationic residues within C4BP α‐chains impaired CD91 binding, reducing the affinity of triple mutant C4BPα/R39Q‐R64Q‐R66Q by 20‐fold (Kd= 10 nM versus 214 nM for wild‐type and mutant C4BP, respectively). Accordingly, intracellular degradation of this mutant by CD91‐expressing cells was reduced to levels of CD91‐deficient cells. Moreover, C4BPα/R39Q‐R64Q‐R66Q displayed a 3‐fold prolonged survival compared to normal C4BP in in vivo clearance experiments. Since these residues also contribute to heparin binding, we explored the role of heparin‐sulfate proteoglycans (HSPG) in the endocytosis of C4BP. The absence of HSPG was associated with a near complete absence of cell binding and intracellular degradation of C4BP. Apparently, the cellular uptake of C4BP depends on both HSPG and CD91, involving interactions with positively charged residues within C4BP α‐chain.
High‐temperature pre‐conditioning of rapeseed: A polyphenol‐enriched oil and the effect of refining
Authors: Zacchi Pablo , Eggers Rudolf 
Published: February 2008

AbstractIn this work, a pretreatment process for rapeseeds, which involves the use of high‐temperature steam, is presented. This method, besides accomplishing the beneficial effects of the conventional industrial thermal treatment, leads to an enrichment of some important minor compounds (polyphenols and phosphatides) in the resulting oil. Rapeseeds were pretreated at different operative conditions. Then, the seeds were pressed and the press‐cake was solvent extracted. The obtained oils were then refined by both chemical and physical refining techniques, and the influence of each refining step on the content of minor compounds was evaluated. The results show that the amounts of polyphenols and phospholipids present in the oil coming from pretreated seeds increase and that their concentrations depend on the conditioning time. The polyphenols present in the oil correspond mostly to 2,6‐dimethoxy‐4‐vinylphenol (vinylsyringol). The content of polyphenols was only slightly reduced during degumming. Neutralization resulted in a complete removal of these minor compounds. For the physical refining process, the type and amount of bleaching clay used had a significant influence on the content of polyphenols. After deodorization, oil samples with a considerable amount of polyphenols were obtained. These samples show a higher oxidative stability than chemically refined oils.
Effect of Joule heating on electrokinetic transport
Authors: Cetin Barbaros , Li Dongqing 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe Joule heating (JH) is a ubiquitous phenomenon in electrokinetic flow due to the presence of electrical potential gradient and electrical current. JH may become pronounced for applications with high electrical potential gradients or with high ionic concentration buffer solutions. In this review, an in‐depth look at the effect of JH on electrokinetic processes is provided. Theoretical modeling of EOF and electrophoresis (EP) with the presence of JH is presented and the important findings from the previous studies are examined. A numerical study of a fused‐silica capillary PCR reactor powered by JH is also presented to extend the discussion of favorable usage of JH.
Association of chromosome band 8q22 copy number gain with high grade invasive breast carcinomas by assessment of core needle biopsies
Authors: Walker Logan C. , Harris Gavin C. , Wells J. Elisabeth , Robinson Bridget A. , Morris Christine M. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractGenetic analysis of breast tumor core needle biopsies may provide early diagnostic information that is useful to direct subsequent clinical management. We report metaphase comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) analysis of 42 core needle biopsies prospectively sampled from invasive ductal breast carcinomas of 41 patients, and show that recurrent chromosomal copy number changes are associated with histologically defined tumor features. As far as is known, this is the first time CGH profiles from diagnostic breast tumor core needle biopsies have been reported in association with pathological data in such detail. A comparison of Grade 1 (n = 7), Grade 2 (n = 16), and Grade 3 tumors (n = 19) revealed a chromosomal copy number gain involving 8q22 that was associated with higher grade (1/7 vs. 16/19, respectively) and therefore altered cell differentiation status. CGH results were validated using tumor touch imprints prepared from a subgroup from the same sample set (n = 18) by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and two probes selected from regions of interest within 8p21 and 8q22. Overall concordance between CGH and FISH for 8p21 and 8q22 imbalances was 9/18 (50%) and 12/18 (67%), respectively. When FISH and CGH data were combined, and tumors classified according to better defined resected tumor histology available for 34cases, 19/19 Grade 3 tumors showed 8q22 gain compared with 0/6 Grade 1 tumors and 4/9 Grade 2 tumors. Further comprehensive studies are required to verify the biological significance of this association and its potential to facilitate early clinicopathological assessment of breast cancer. This article contains Supplementary Material available at http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/1045‐2257/suppmat. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Source‐based morphometry: The use of independent component analysis to identify gray matter differences with application to schizophrenia
Authors: Xu Lai , Groth Karyn M. , Pearlson Godfrey , Schretlen David J. , Calhoun Vince D. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractWe present a multivariate alternative to the voxel‐based morphometry (VBM) approach called source‐based morphometry (SBM), to study gray matter differences between patients and healthy controls. The SBM approach begins with the same preprocessing procedures as VBM. Next, independent component analysis is used to identify naturally grouping, maximally independent sources. Finally, statistical analyses are used to determine the significant sources and their relationship to other variables. The identified “source networks,” groups of spatially distinct regions with common covariation among subjects, provide information about localization of gray matter changes and their variation among individuals. In this study, we first compared VBM and SBM via a simulation and then applied both methods to real data obtained from 120 chronic schizophrenia patients and 120 healthy controls. SBM identified five gray matter sources as significantly associated with schizophrenia. These included sources in the bilateral temporal lobes, thalamus, basal ganglia, parietal lobe, and frontotemporal regions. None of these showed an effect of sex. Two sources in the bilateral temporal and parietal lobes showed age‐related reductions. The most significant source of schizophrenia‐related gray matter changes identified by SBM occurred in the bilateral temporal lobe, while the most significant change found by VBM occurred in the thalamus. The SBM approach found changes not identified by VBM in basal ganglia, parietal, and occipital lobe. These findings show that SBM is a multivariate alternative to VBM, with wide applicability to studying changes in brain structure. Hum Brain Mapp, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dynamic neural responses to cue‐reactivity paradigms in heroin‐dependent users: An fMRI study
Authors: Yang Zheng , Xie Jun , Shao Yong‐Cong , Xie Chun‐Ming , Fu Li‐Ping , Li De‐Jun , Fan Ming , Ma Lin , Li Shi‐Jiang 
Published: February 2008

AbstractNeuroimaging methods have been employed to study cue‐reactivity‐induced neural correlates in the human brain. However, very few studies have focused on characterizing the dynamic neural responses to the factorial interactions between the cues and the subjects. Fifteen right‐handed heroin‐dependent subjects and 12 age‐matched nondrug using subjects participated in this study. Cue‐reactivity paradigms were employed, while changes in blood oxygenation level‐dependent (BOLD) signals were acquired by functional MRI (fMRI). The fMRI datasets were analyzed with AFNI software and repeated two‐way ANOVA was employed for factorial analyses. Neural correlates of factorial interactions between cue‐factor and subject‐factor were identified in the regions of the ventral tegmental area (VTA), the left and right amygdala, the left and right fusiform cortex, and the precuneus in the mesocorticolimbic system, and in the superior frontal, dorsal lateral prefrontal, and orbitofrontal cortices in the prefrontal cortex system. The neural response patterns in the prefrontal systems are dynamic: decreased response to neutral‐cues and increased response to heroin‐cues. Further, heroin‐cue‐induced neural responses within the subregions in the PFC system are significantly intercorrelated. In conclusion, the cue‐reactivity paradigms significantly activated the dynamic neural activations in the prefrontal system. It is suggested that the dynamic response patterns in the PFC system characterize the impaired brain control functions in heroin‐dependent subjects. Hum Brain Mapp, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The postprandial increase in blood triglycerides has no direct effect on the brain BOLD response
Authors: Slade Jill M. , Carlson Joseph J. , Forbes Sean C. , Stein Natalie J. , Moll Matthew R. , Wiseman Robert W. , Meyer Ronald A. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractA previous study showed that ingestion of a liquid meal high in polyunsaturated lipids decreased the blood‐oxygenation‐level‐dependent (BOLD) response measured by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during a finger‐tapping motor task, and suggested that this effect was due to a direct effect of blood lipids on the cerebral vasculature. This study compared the time course and magnitude of the BOLD response in fixed anatomic locations before and 3 h after ingestion of high versus low lipid content liquid meals (235 ml Ensure Plus [Abbot Labs] with or without 50 ml added canola oil). Blood triglyceride content peaked 3 h after the high lipid meal and was elevated by 33% compared with the low lipid meal. There was no significant effect of meal composition on the time course or magnitude of the BOLD response in fixed‐location clusters of voxels which were activated during either a motor (finger‐tapping), a visual (flashing checkerboard), or an integrative/cognitive (number addition) block‐design task paradigm. The results indicate that increased blood total triglyceride content after a meal with relatively high polyunsaturated fat does not directly alter the hemodynamic BOLD response to neural activity. However, the postprandial effect on BOLD response of other meals with varying fat types and amounts, as well as other nutrients and phytochemicals, remains to be determined. Hum Brain Mapp, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of forklift operation on lower back pain: An evidence‐based approach
Authors: Viruet Heriberto Barriera , Genaidy Ash , Shell Richard , Salem Sam , Karwowski Waldemar 
Published: February 2008

AbstractMost studies on the occupational hazards associated with forklift operation have examined risks of fatalities and traumatic injuries. Few studies have examined the magnitude of risk of lower back pain. This research deals with an evidence‐based approach designed to examine if there is a relationship between whole‐body vibration and driver postures with lower back pain among forklift operators and to offer some recommendations to minimize the risk of lower back pain. To accomplish the study goal, an evidence‐based approach was adopted from evidence‐based medicine. The basic steps of this evidence‐based approach were: (1) formulation of a clear research question from a worker‐occupational problem; (2) search of the literature for the best evidence with which to answer the question; (3) critically appraise the evidence; and (4) implement useful findings in occupational health and safety practices. In addition, the metarelative risk was calculated and the biological plausibility between whole body vibration (WBV) and operator posture with lower back pain was investigated. Six observational articles satisfied the inclusion criteria adopted in this research. The methodological qualities of the published studies ranged from marginal to average. The metarelative risk was 2.1, indicating that operators exposed to driving forklifts are greater than twice the risk of those not exposed to driving forklifts to experience lower back pain. There are biological mechanisms by which WBV and operator postures could develop lower back pain. Some aspects of the work environment that influenced vibration are seat, speed, track, and tires. Awkward postures and static postures are affected by cab design, seat, time spent seated, and the task performed. It appears that there is a causal relationship between forklift operation and lower back pain. The evidence examined shows a strong association and consistency between all studies and this relationship is biologically plausible. It is recommended that intervention studies be conducted to determine the effectiveness of ergonomic controls. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Does lumbar fusion increase the risk of disc degeneration of the adjacent segment?
Authors: Flanagan Erica , Wiggermann Neal , Genaidy Ash , Stambough Jeffery , Shell Richard 
Published: February 2008

AbstractSeveral reviews have attempted to establish whether there is an association between adjacent segment disorder and spinal fusion. None of these studies used an evidence‐based approach or solely focused on studies utilizing controls. The goal of this article is to identify any significant link between lumbar or lumbosacral spinal fusion and development of adjacent segment disease using literature with more than a 10‐year follow‐up, at least 15 subjects, and a control with no exposure to fusion. The published articles were obtained from a search of electronic databases and bibliographies of identified articles. The critical appraisal was performed using an epidemiological appraisal instrument. Five articles satisfied the inclusion criteria. From the literature, no definitive conclusion could be drawn regarding adjacent segment disorder as an outcome of spinal fusion. The failure of the literature to link adjacent segment disease to spinal fusion at least suggests the problem may not be widespread, but also fails to disprove the myriad of biomechanical concerns. Device manufacturers should address these concerns by furthering the development of motion preservation instrumentation and other innovations. Helping to drive this technology will be a larger data set of research with sound methodological quality and inclusion of accepted radiographic and functional outcomes. The reported findings underscore a need for information on spinal fusion and require a strategy for moving forward. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Recovery of pyruvic acid with weakly basic polymeric sorbents
Authors: Huang Shaokai , Qin Wei , Dai Youyuan 
Published: February 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: Carboxylic acids are among the most important substances that can be manufactured from biomass. However, the recovery of carboxylic acids from fermentation broths presents a challenging separation problem. To avoid the production of waste salts and net consumption of chemicals in the calcium carboxylate salt process, the use of reversible chemical complexation with polymeric sorbents and extractants is attractive for carboxylic acid recovery. Pyruvic acid is widely used in the manufacture of medicines, pesticides and foodstuffs and can be produced by fermentation. Since the acidity of pyruvic acid (pKa = 2.49) is stronger than that of normal carboxylic acids, and as few reports on the recovery of pyruvic acid are available, the sorption of pyruvic acid from aqueous solution on two types of weakly basic polymeric sorbent, tertiary amine D301R and primary amine D392, was investigated over a wide pH range and at various salt (MgSO4) concentrations.RESULTS: Overloading adsorption of pyruvic acid on both weakly basic polymeric sorbents occurred, with the overloading of D392 being greater than that of D301R. The adsorption of pyruvic acid on both sorbents was greatly affected by the solution pH and the salt concentration in the aqueous phase. An overloading model was able to predict the experimental uptake data very well.CONCLUSION: Solution pH is one of the most important operating conditions, and both polymeric sorbents D392 and D301R can be used to recover pyruvic acid from dilute aqueous solution with high efficiency at a solution pH around 2. The uptake by D392 is greater than that by D301R owing to steric hindrance of the tertiary amine. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Hydrophobically modified low molecular weight chitosans as efficient and nontoxic gene delivery vectors
Authors: Zhang Xin , Ercelen Sebnem , Duportail Guy , Schaub Emmanuel , Tikhonov Vladimir , Slita Alexander , Zarubaev Vladimir , Babak Valery , Mély Yves 
Published: February 2008

AbstractBackgroundChitosan derivatives are potential candidates for gene delivery because they are biocompatible and low toxic. However, their use has been limited by their moderate transfection efficiency and the rather large sizes of DNA complexes with high molecular weight chitosans. To circumvent these limitations, we used low molecular weight (approximately 5 kDa) chitosans grafted at 3 and 18 mol% with N‐/2(3)‐(dodec‐2‐enyl)succinoyl groups (HM‐LMW‐ch) that exhibit surfactant‐like properties.MethodsThe physico‐chemical properties of complexes of DNA with the two HM‐LMW‐ch derivatives and the nonmodified LMW‐ch were compared by electrophoresis, dynamic light scattering, fluorescence spectroscopy and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy. Moreover, their transfection efficiencies and cytotoxicity were evaluated and their intracellular trafficking was monitored by confocal microscopy. Finally, their ability to deliver genes in mice kidneys after systemic administration was investigated.ResultsComplexes with HM(3%)‐LMW‐ch, but not with HM(18%)‐LMW‐ch and LMW‐ch, efficiently delivered genes in mice kidneys. HM(3%)‐LMW‐ch formed small positively charged particles that were resistant to DNases and nucleases and marginally interact with serum components. Moreover, these particles were efficiently internalized in cells and low toxic. By contrast, HM(18%)‐LMW‐ch formed large and weakly charged aggregates with DNA that were highly susceptible to DNases and nucleases.ConclusionsHM(3%)‐LMW‐ch appears to be a promising nonviral vector with low cytotoxicity and efficient transfection properties. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The conservational heritage of wall paintings and buildings : an FT‐Raman spectroscopic study of prehistoric, Roman, mediaeval and Renaissance lime substrates and mortars
Authors: Edwards Howell G. M. , Farwell Dennis W. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractRaman spectroscopic studies of ancient lime‐based plasters and mortars from periods ranging from prehistoric through Roman to mediaeval have revealed the potential application of the technique for the non‐destructive analysis of these ubiquitous substrates that are found in constructional and decorative work. Characteristic information obtained from the Raman spectra of these materials obtained with near infrared excitation at 1064 nm provides an insight into ancient technological practices and particularly the methodology of application of the associated pigments in wet fresco techniques in the transition towards gypsum plasters. The assignment of molecular features to the plasters and to their reaction product with moist air, calcium carbonate, facilitates the assessment of the extent of curing of the material that has taken place and is relevant to the conservation of buildings and fresco art works. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Physico‐chemical characterization of date varieties using multivariate analysis
Authors: Khan M. Nasiruddin , Sarwar Anila , Wahab M. Farooq , Haleem Roohi 
Published: February 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: The fruit of date palm is consumed as an ideal high‐energy food. It is also used for the treatment of colds, fever, liver and abdominal troubles. Its nutritional composition strongly depends upon variety and ripening stage. A number of varieties are available in Pakistan but little is known about their composition and nutritional characteristics. Inherent moisture, volatile matter, ash, fixed carbon, sugar and mineral metals of seven commercial date varieties (Aseel, Basra, Begun, Janshoor, Mazoee, Rabee and Zaidi) were investigated. The physical and chemical compositions with respect to maturation were also monitored for the Aseel variety.RESULTS: The results showed significant varietal differences in moisture, ash and mineral metal composition when analysis of means was conducted at an alpha level of 0.05. The difference between means was insignificant (P > 0.05) for volatile matter, glucose, fructose and total reducing sugars. All varieties were found to be an excellent source of total reducing sugar (78%), potassium (403–632 mg per 100 g) and calcium (27.41–81.47 mg per 100 g). A gradual increase in total reducing sugar and minerals, especially potassium and copper, was observed with maturation. Variety Aseel was grouped on the basis of maturation using principal component analysis. Local date varieties were separated with 48.63% level of similarity from Iranian variety (29.17%) using Cluster analysis.CONCLUSION: This study provides an overview of the physico‐chemical properties of date varieties. The sample varieties showed significant differences except for sugar and volatile matter. Multivariate analysis was found to be an important statistical tool for the separation of samples on the basis of geographical origin and maturations. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry