bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A review of adhesive bonding techniques for joining medical materials
Authors: Tavakoli S.M. , Pullen D.A. , Dunkerton S.B. 
Published: April 2007

PurposeAims to review polymeric materials used as adhesives and the related bonding procedures applicable in the medical industry.Design/methodology/approachThe main types of polymeric materials used as adhesives are described. Details and the main points of the adhesive bonding processes are also described with comments on their adaptability to automated assembly. Finally, typical examples of the use of adhesives in medical device applications are provided.Research limitations/implicationsReview paper with examples of applications of adhesives in assembly of medical materials and devices.Practical implicationsThe appropriate selection of adhesive types and bonding parameters are critical for successful application of this technology in joining medical materials. Most currently available medical grade adhesives are only suitable for short‐term (<30 days) implantable application. The users must ensure that the properties of the selected adhesives, particularly the relevant biocompatibility and toxicity data are available and fully comply with any specific medical device application and regulation.Originality/valueAlthough this is a general review paper, it contains information about new materials and processing techniques applied in successful application of adhesive bonding technology in medical devices. The information provided is expected to be of significant benefit to material scientists and design engineers evaluating and identifying suitable joining techniques for the assembly of medical devices.
Reducing information technology‐based transaction costs in supply chains
Authors: Müller Martin , Seuring Stefan 
Published: April 2007

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to address the intersection between supply chain coordination and information technology (IT) by building on transaction cost analysis. Literature frequently predicts that the application of IT reduces transaction costs. Often, no real explanation is given, and the impact of IT on supply chain management (SCM) is not assessed.Design/methodology/approachDiscussing the application of IT in SCM, a classification of different forms of collaboration (integration) is presented. Building on the essential transaction cost elements of specificity and uncertainty, the (high) costs of transactions in different supply chain integration forms are revealed.FindingsThe claim that IT reduces transaction costs is objected to in its general form. The reduction of transaction costs is dependent on the form of supplier integration. Through market transactions (not managed process links) and monitored process links, a reduction of transaction costs by using IT is likely. In the case of managed process links and non‐member process links, a reduction of transaction costs is achieved only if certain conditions apply. A conceptual framework is presented, using uncertainty and specificity to explain which IT applications can reduce transaction costs in a supply chain.Research limitations/implicationsThe research is based on conceptual thought. Beyond this framework for reducing IT‐based transaction costs in supply chains empirical research is needed to validate the findings.Practical implicationsCompanies need to be aware that applying IT in their supply chain is not sake in itself. The classification provided in this paper support‐related decision by pointing out that different IT‐solutions fit different business process links.Originality/valueThe paper presents a more detailed analysis of the impacts IT applications have in SCM. This includes a discussion on how uncertainty and specificity influence the implementation of IT in supply chains.
Knowledge transfer in work practice: adoption and use of integrated information systems
Authors: Lee Sang M. , Lee Zoonky , Lee Jinyoul 
Published: April 2007

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to focus on the social context of enterprise resource planning (ERP) adoption and use within an organization, emphasizing a knowledge transfer perspective. This framework is investigated in terms of the conflicts and struggles between the best practices embedded in ERP modules and the interactions of users of the ERP system.Design/methodology/approachA case study using grounded theory is applied with the rich and detailed interview process. This paper shows how to conduct grounded theory and how to interpret the individual level of analysis to organizational level impacts.FindingsThis study analyzes how an organization adopts a unique information system provided by enterprise integration and also suggests the likely consequences of knowledge transfer between the organization perspective embedded in ERP and individual apprehension conceptualizing the mode of human interaction and the type of work practice.Research limitations/implicationsThis is a case study offering rich description of a theoretical framework of knowledge transfer.Practical implicationsThe results show how to guide organizational members in adoption and use of integrated information systems.Originality/valueThis paper contributes to the work practice for knowledge transfer in the case of information systems integration.
Information science as a liberal art
Authors: Arms William Y. 
Published: April 2007

PurposeAttempts to deal with the issue of how we can educate the next generation of leaders for the information needs of the future.Design/methodology/approachUses a case study: the thinking behind the new information science program at Cornell University.FindingsAdvocates a broad view of information science. In a rapidly changing world, leadership will come from flexible thinking based on a broad understanding of technology and the social sciences. In the American terminology, information science should be considered a liberal art, not a profession. An education in information science provides an excellent foundation for a career in libraries, publishing or information services, but there are many more career opportunities for somebody with this education.Originality/valueMost recent initiatives in information science have come from professional schools of librarianship. By starting from a liberal arts viewpoint, universities may be meeting the needs of a very wide audience.
Seeing your audience through an actor's eyes: an interview with George Stalk
Authors: Buswick Ted 
Published: April 2007

PurposeTo convey the potential of hidden benefits in well‐selected arts‐based training – in this particular instance, theatrically‐based training.Design/methodology/approachA leading international consultancy put numerous vice presidents through training with The Actors Institute (TAI) over about ten years. This paper is an interview with a leading consultant who frequently gives presentations that had been consistently rated highly by his audiences before he began attending. After ten years, he still periodically returns to TAI for assistance.FindingsThe original intent was to improve presentations. In fact, participants gained a better sense for dealing with all kinds of audiences, extending to client engagements and personal situations.Practical implicationsMany executives don't feel the need for training when they hit a certain level. When the training is based on developmental skills and is over an extended period rather than a brief one‐time experience, and the training organization wisely chosen, there can be long‐term benefits that go beyond expectations.Originality/valueGeorge Stalk is highly respected. He has not previously spoken out on this topic. His first‐hand experiences can influence many other businesspeople to potential benefits of arts‐based training that they had not recognized.
Strategically managing risk in the information age: a holistic approach
Authors: Olson Eric G. 
Published: April 2007

PurposeBusiness leaders can apply key messages as early as today to build stronger operations that are less susceptible to risks of all types. Findings can be applied at all levels in any organization, from the entire enterprise down to discreet projects. The article emphasizes that today's strategic change initiatives should all consider their impact on holistically developed risk management strategies.ApproachHypotheses are explained, developed, and supported by a number of actual cases across several diverse industries. Case studies that illustrate both success and failure are explored. Once the hypotheses are developed and supported with specific cases, the findings are generalized and a series of well‐developed industry accepted practices for resolving the key issues are articulated.FindingsThe way a business approaches risk management in today's digital age can make the difference between success and failure. Risk management strategies should be developed with holistic, broad views of business operations, and tailored to accommodate the different types of exposure specific to an individual business or operation.Originality/valueThis article illustrates the importance of having holistic, well‐developed risk strategies with real‐world cases and industry‐accepted practices. Where information‐age risk management strategies were employed, companies succeeded. Other cases were not so fortunate. One especially counter‐intuitive notion is that businesses have traditionally developed external alliance networks to reduce risk and create differentiated business models that lock‐in customers and lock‐out competition. However, as many businesses are experiencing, integrating alliance partners into otherwise low‐risk value chains actually introduces new risks that have been largely ignored until recent years.
Conductive anodic filament (CAF) formation: an historic perspective
Authors: Turbini Laura J. 
Published: April 2007

PurposeConductive anodic filament (CAF) is a failure mode in printed wiring boards (PWBS), which occurs under high humility and high voltage gradient conditions. This paper aims to review the history of CAF from its identification in the 1970s to the statistical analysis of its failure mode and the factors that enhance its formation.Design/methodology/approachCharts the chronology and details the developments of CAF over the last 30 years.FindingsCAF is a conductive copper‐containing salt created electrochemically that grows from the anode toward the cathode sub‐surface along the epoxy/glass interface. It can also grow from the anode on one layer to a cathode on another. CAF was first discovered in 1976 and was identified as a catastrophic failure mode. It is enhanced by high humidity during storage or use, by high voltage gradient between anode and cathode, by certain soldering flux ingredients, by hole drilling, multiple thermal cycles during processing, and by higher processing temperatures associated with lead‐free solders. CAF is a copper hydroxy chloride salt and is a semiconducting material.Originality/valueOur analytical tools today are far superior to those of these early researchers. Early data were obtained from chart recorders and manual plotting. Today we have computers for automated data collection and analysis and the sensitivity of the scanning electron microscope has improved significantly. The researchers of the 1970s and early 1980s characterized the basic factors associated with CAF and in many ways we are just repeating what they have done.
An examination of strategic alliances and the origins of international banking in Europe
Authors: ul‐Haq Rehan , Howcroft Barry 
Published: April 2007

PurposeThe purpose of the paper is to explain how and why strategic alliances, in the form of clubs and consortiums, played an important role in the internationalisation of banks.Design/methodology/approachA longitudinal analysis, commencing in 1964 with the emergence of the Eurocurrency market and culminating with the creation of the European single market in the early 1990s, is used to provide an insight into the creation of clubs and consortium banks. The authors adopt the Lawson realist methodology and identify broad structural changes in the markets in which banks operate, i.e. “mechanisms” and relate these to major trends, i.e. “events” such as the creation of strategic alliances.FindingsIt is generally recognised that banks became international in response to the globalisation strategies of their multinational customers. However, the paper reveals that banks were also internationalising in response to structural changes in the financial services markets.Research limitations/implicationsA criticism of the Lawson methodology is that it is not always possible to discern causal linkages between mechanisms and events. This explains why research of this kind is typically retrospective because it is only with the benefit of hindsight that the causal linkages can be fully understood.Originality/valueThe study provides new insights into the emergence of international banking and the role of clubs and consortiums in this process.
Internationalization of professional service firms as learning – a constructivist approach
Authors: Reihlen Markus , Alexandra Apel Birgit 
Published: April 2007

PurposeInternationalization process research has conceptualized the cross‐border move of firms as a process of learning. Yet, little attempts have been made to develop a constructivist learning theory of the internationalizing firm. The aim of this paper is to apply a contemporary learning theoretical framework to analyze the internationalization of professional service firms.Design/methodology/approachA constructivist theory of learning is applied.FindingsThe paper explains learning during the internationalization process of professional service firms as a process of social interaction with the socio‐cultural environment. The paper outlines specific individual and social mechanisms through which firms acquire new knowledge when moving across borders and embed themselves into a new socio‐cultural market domain.Research limitations/implicationsThe argument is theoretical in nature and has particular implications for future empirical research, which may investigate the specific social learning mechanisms of the internationalizing firm in particular professional service industries and cultural settings.Originality/valueThe application of a constructivist theory of learning to the internationalization of professional service firms is unique until now to the research field.
Interpreting socio‐technical co‐evolution
Authors: Kim Richard M. , Kaplan Simon M. 
Published: April 2007

PurposeThis paper seeks to understand how software systems and organisations co‐evolve in practice during an IS engagement. Seeks also to argue that complex adaptive system theory (CAS) provides an excellent lens to study the motor of co‐evolution due to its ability to frame the strategies and reinforcement models of actors and to illustrate this by recounting four narratives of the interaction, selection and adaptation of actors arising from a longitudinal case study of an IS engagement. Then sets out to consider how the complexity of the engagement emerges from the interrelationship of these narratives and how the adaptive behaviour of the various actors is both a response to and a driver of co‐evolution within the engagement.Design/methodology/approachAn interpretive case study was undertaken to examine the implementation of a novel academic scheduling and resource allocation system at a research‐intensive Australian university. The research was conducted over ten months, employing ethnographic methods and semi‐structured interviews. This analysis is conducted within the theoretical framework of CAS.FindingsBy analysing this case study it is demonstrated how CAS can help designers and managers of IS engagements conceptualise the attendant complexities that they encounter. It is also demonstrated how complexity within IS engagements emerges through the interactions and goal‐seeking behaviour of actors employing a variety of context‐bound strategies within neighbourhoods, and how the adaptive behaviour of the various actors is both a response to and a driver of co‐evolution within the engagement.Originality/valueThis work builds on Organization Science, Vol. 10 Nos 3 and 5, by applying CAS theory to organisational and IS research on co‐evolution, where the findings are grounded in a longitudinal case study and not computational models.
Reflecting on changes in operational training in UK hospitality management degree programmes
Authors: Alexander Matthew 
Published: April 2007

PurposeThe aim of this conceptual paper is to assess the continued relevance of operations based training within hospitality management higher education programmes. The paper explores the purpose of a hospitality management degree programme and how this might have impacted upon curriculum development and the student learning experience.Design/methodology/approachThe paper attempts to draw together writing on some of the key issues surrounding operations based training including balancing preparedness for industry with providing a true higher education experience and the growing clamour for a more liberal approach to hospitality education.FindingsThe paper identifies and discusses two UK programmes that have made significant changes to their operations provision.Originality/valueThe paper further explores issues around the debate into the hospitality curriculum adding a valuable dimension concerning operational training.
The Visitor Journey: the new road to success
Authors: Lane Mandy 
Published: April 2007

PurposeThe purpose of this case study to explain how the Visitor Journey framework was used by the London Development Agency to improve the accessibility of London as a tourist destination for disabled and non‐disabled visitors.Design/methodology/approachThe Visitor Journey is a new approach to developing tourism strategies that is centred entirely around the visitor. It follows the visitor through a sequence of events and emotions from the initial planning stages, to leaving the home environment, through the return journey and beyond as a continuous visitor journey. The framework consists of six key interrelated stages.FindingsThis study highlights how the visitor encounters the services of a vast range of organizations and businesses during a trip. It shows how the framework becomes particularly powerful when it is used by a whole range of organizations within a destination or region. By using it the London Development Agency identified a range of actions that they needed to take with their partners to improve the quality of the overall experience for the visitor.Practical implicationsProviding the needs of the visitor or customer are considered first, the Visitor Journey framework can be applied to virtually any project, or specific market segments such as families, walkers, and those with disabilities. It can be used by individual organization to improve their own individual performance but has most impact when used collaboratively with partners.Originality/valueThis paper outlines a new approach to developing tourism strategies and is of value to any organization with a stake in the tourism industry.
Safety performance evaluation models: a review
Authors: Adebiyi K.A. , Charles‐Owaba O.E , Waheed M.A. 
Published: April 2007

PurposeManaging a safety programme and ensuring that change is in accordance with suitable performance measures requires continuing improvement in the support of analytical power and empirical information. This paper aims to consider different approaches and modeling efforts on safety performance evaluation.Design/methodology/approachReview and synthesis of literature.FindingsTen major safety performance evaluation approaches are identified including expectation function, risk assessment, statistical quality control, price deflation, engineering economic factor, system analysis, artificial intelligence, and systems theory. Based on the approaches, quantitative and qualitative models have been proposed. The quantitative models use measuring indicators such as frequency, severity, percentages, relative weight and economic gains/loss of safety programme. However, qualitative models employ hazard analysis and hazard operability.Research limitations/implicationsSeveral research questions remain to be answered in order to completely improve and optimize the impact of these provisional safety performance measures.Originality/valueThis study offers a set of interesting lessons for academics, industry and safety practitioners by providing guidelines that will assist in ensuring a correct focus to select an appropriate safety performance evaluation model.
Semantic networks and social networks
Authors: Downes Stephen 
Published: April 2007

PurposeTo illustrate the need for social network metadata within semantic metadata.Design/methodology/approachSurveys properties of social networks and the semantic web, suggests that social network analysis applies to semantic content, argues that semantic content is more searchable if social network metadata is merged with semantic web metadata.FindingsThe use of social network metadata will alter semantical searches from being random with respect to source to direct with respect to source, which will increase the accuracy of search results.Research limitations/implicationsSuggests that existing XML schemas for semantic web content be modified.Practical implicationsIntroduction and overview of a new issue.Originality/valueFoundational to the concept of the semantic social network; will be useful as an introduction to future work.
Why the best and brightest approaches don't solve the innovation dilemma
Authors: Denning Steve 
Published: April 2007

PurposeHighlight the management dilemma disruptive innovation poses and examine what the leading management theorists have to offer as a solution.Design/methodology/approachThe author examines six leading theories of innovation and three alternatives to disruptive innovation.FindingsThe leading theories that try to solve the paradox of innovation don't work and the alternatives to disruptive innovation merely delay having to deal with the dilemma.Research limitations/implicationsThe author reviewed many theoretical approaches to innovation management and selected six for commentary.Practical implicationsThe author argues that the theorists are looking at innovation in the wrong way. Because innovation is a paradox, the solution lies in rethinking the fundamental assumptions.Originality/valueFirst article that examines the logic behind the leading disruptive innovation theories and refutes their advice.
Transformational innovation
Authors: Denning Stephen 
Published: April 2007

PurposeOffers the concept that leadership narrative is the key to managing transformational innovation.Design/methodology/approachThe author has studied the leading innovation theorists and corporate innovation efforts.FindingsTransformational innovation is disruptive because it introduces products and services that change the business landscape by providing a dramatically different value proposition. And championing transformational innovation involves going to war with all the elements inside an organization that benefit from the status quo.Research limitations/implicationsThe author's research is primarily anecdotal.Practical implicationsIf leaders, consistently use narrative tools, in combination with thorough strategic analysis, they can show their organization how to tackle the most difficult challenge facing management today – transformational innovation. Examples and a step‐by‐step process are provided.Originality/valueFirst publication of the concept of how leaders can use narrative to achieve employee commitment to transformational innovation.