bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of estrogen-regulated genes by microarray analysis of the uterus of immature rats exposed to endocrine disrupting chemicals
Authors: Hong Eui-Ju , Park Se-Hyung , Choi Kyung-Chul , Leung Peter CK , Jeung Eui-Bae 
Published: September 2006

Abstract
Environmental estrogenic compounds which bind to the estrogen receptor (ER) can block or alter endogenous functions of estrogen in reproductive and developmental stages. A microarray technology is a very valuable method for the prediction of hormone-responsive activities in various gene expressions. Thus, we investigated the altered gene expression by estrogen and endocrine disruptors (EDs) using microarray technology in the uterus of immature rats. In this study, the expression levels of only 555 genes (7.42%) among the 7636 genes spotted on microarray chips were enhanced by more than two-fold following treatment with estradiol (E2), suggesting that direct or rapid response to E2 is widespread at the mRNA levels in these genes. In addition, elevated expression levels of the genes (over 2-fold) were observed by diethylstilbestrol (DES; 9.01%), octyl-phenol (OP; 8.81%), nonyl-phenol (NP; 9.51%), bisphenol-A (BPA; 8.26%) or genistein (9.97%) in the uterus of immature rats. The expression levels of representative genes, i.e., calbindin-D9k (CaBP-9k; vitamin D-dependent calcium-binding protein), oxytocin, adipocyte complement related protein (MW 30 kDa), lactate dehydrogenase A and calcium binding protein A6 (S100a6; calcyclin), were confirmed in these tissues by real-time PCR. In addition, the mRNA levels of these genes by real-time PCR were increased at follicular phase when E2 level was elevated during estrous cycle of adult female rats. In conclusion, these results indicate distinct altered expression of responsive genes following exposure to E2 and estrogenic compounds, and implicate distinct effects of endogenous E2 and environmental endocrine disrupting chemicals in the uterus of immature rats.
Ethical issues in epidemiologic research and public health practice
Authors: Coughlin Steven S 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA rich and growing body of literature has emerged on ethics in epidemiologic research and public health practice. Recent articles have included conceptual frameworks of public health ethics and overviews of historical developments in the field. Several important topics in public health ethics have also been highlighted. Attention to ethical issues can facilitate the effective planning, implementation, and growth of a variety of public health programs and research activities. Public health ethics is consistent with the prevention orientation of public health. Ethical concerns can be anticipated or identified early and effectively addressed through careful analysis and consultation.
Treatments recommended by health shops for symptoms of depression
Authors: Reed Joyce E. , Trigwell Peter 
Published: September 2006

Aims and MethodWe assessed the appropriateness of treatments recommended by health shop staff for symptoms of mild-to-moderate depression using participant observation with ten members of staff from ten different health shops selling herbal medicinal preparations.ResultsA wide range of treatment options were suggested by health shop staff when presented with common symptoms of depression. The majority have no firm evidence base, with the exception of St John's wort (Hypericum perforatum).Clinical ImplicationsMost alternative treatments recommended by health shops for the treatment of depression have a poor evidence base. Implications for training and communication between agencies are discussed.
A forgotten tribe: a survey of the experience of working as a non-consultant career grade psychiatrist
Authors: Claxton Nicola , Griffin Lucy 
Published: September 2006

Aims and MethodWe surveyed the experience of working as a non-consultant career grade psychiatrist (NCCG). A postal questionnaire was sent to 140 NCCG psychiatrists in the south-west region.ResultsA total of 90 doctors responded (65% response rate); 30 (33%) had never had supervision and 45 (50%) were not eligible to sit the MRCPsych examination. Only 41 respondents (46%) had administrative support for non-clinical work.Clinical ImplicationsGood supervision, comprehensive job plans and opportunities for further professional development are essential requirements for this group of doctors.
Personal injury compensation: no claim without pain?
Authors: Alexander David A. , Badial Raj , Klein Susan 
Published: September 2006

Aims and MethodTo identify the experiences of patients pursuing a personal injury claim, we carried out a retrospective questionnaire survey.ResultsSixty-one patients from a regional traumatic stress clinic took part. Most were satisfied with the conduct of legal, medical and psychiatric personnel. Thirty-two (53%) reported that the legal proceedings had had an adverse effect on their health/well-being, and about a third reported an adverse effect on domestic relationships. Twenty-four patients (40%) were dissatisfied with the provision of information. More information about the whole legal process would have been welcomed by means of an information leaflet (n=57, 93%), a helpline (n=48, 79%), or a videotape (n=42, 68%).Clinical ImplicationsAlthough seeking redress may contribute to the patient's adjustment, this survey demonstrates that it is not a step to be taken without consideration. As part of their therapeutic management, mental health professionals should consider the implications of such a step with their patients.
‘Do not resuscitate’ decisions in continuing care psychiatric patients: what influences decisions?
Authors: Chakraborty Nandini , Creaney William J. 
Published: September 2006

Aims and MethodWe evaluated the various aspects of ‘do not resuscitate’ (DNR) decisions taken for psychiatric continuing care patients within NHS Ayrshire and Arran. Records were reviewed and nursing staff were asked their opinions about DNR orders in general and the way these were implemented on their wards.ResultsThere were 35 DNR orders among 88 continuing care patients in mental health wards for older adults. There were no DNR orders for the 25 continuing care patients in general adult psychiatry wards. Quality of life was the main issue when taking a DNR decision. Medical and nursing staff were involved in all decisions and the family in most. Patients were involved in only two cases. The documentation of the DNR order itself was satisfactory but documentation of the reasons behind the decision was inadequate. Patients with DNR status were perceived by ward staff to have more physical debilitation and more dependence on others. Local guidelines were being followed in most aspects, but these needed to be reviewed, as suggested within the resuscitation policy itself.Clinical ImplicationsDecisions not to resuscitate may often be difficult to reach in psychiatric patients. Wards follow heterogeneous policies despite a resuscitation policy existing within the trust. Documentation needs to be improved and medical and nursing staff must reach a consensus regarding what constitutes quality of life and the appropriate time for a DNR decision.
Abuse in the workplace: experience of specialist registrars
Authors: Reddy Shalini , Kaplan Carole 
Published: September 2006

Aims and MethodA survey was conducted to determine the experience of verbal and physical abuse among specialist registrars and the availability of training on managing abusive patients. A self-report questionnaire was sent to all specialist registrars working in the Northern Deanery.ResultsCompleted surveys were received from 30 out of the 49 trainees (61% response rate). Twenty-three respondents (77%) reported being abused; all reported verbal abuse and 2 (9%) reported physical abuse. The experience of trainees of abuse differed between White doctors and those from other ethnic groups. The majority of trainees had received no training to deal with abuse.Clinical ImplicationsIn view of the high prevalence of abuse experienced by trainees, interventions to prevent both verbal and physical abuse should be identified. There should also be formal support for managing abuse and improved recording of abusive incidents.
Barriers to mental healthcare for psychiatrists
Authors: White Alfred , Shiralkar Purushottam , Hassan Tariq , Galbraith Niall , Callaghan Rhiannon 
Published: September 2006

Aims and MethodTo determine the opinions of psychiatrists on mental illness among themselves and their colleagues a postal survey was conducted across the West Midlands.ResultsMost psychiatrists (319/370, 86.2%) would be reluctant to disclose mental illness to colleagues or professional organisations (323/370, 87.3%). Their choices regarding disclosure and treatment would be influenced by issues of confidentiality (n=245, 66%), stigma (n=83, 22%) and career implications (n=128, 35%) rather than quality of care (n=60, 16%).Clinical ImplicationsThe stigma associated with mental illness remains prevalent among the psychiatric profession and may prevent those affected from seeking adequate treatment and support. Appropriate, confidential specialist psychiatric services should be provided for this vulnerable group, and for doctors as a whole, to ensure that their needs, and by extension those of their patients, are met.
Psychotherapy training experience in the Northern Region Senior Unified SHO Scheme: present and future
Authors: Carley Nicola , Mitchison Sally 
Published: September 2006

Aims and MethodWe conducted this survey to assess the current experience of psychotherapy training in the Northern Deanery and discuss possible effects changes might have on the future of this training. A postal questionnaire assessed the training experienced by the 41 trainees on the Northern Region Senior Unified Senior House Officer (SHO) Psychiatry Training Scheme in 2004. The results were compared with the guidelines from the Royal College of Psychiatrists.ResultsThe response rate was 61%. Particular areas of strength included conducting a long case (64%) and obtaining sufficient teaching in psychodynamic and cognitive–behavioural therapy theory (88%); 92% rated their experience of the training as satisfactory or better, and 68% intended pursuing further training in psychotherapy.Clinical ImplicationsTrainees ought to be familiar with the psychotherapy guidelines from an early point in their training. Specific areas of difficulty within the scheme need to be addressed. Proposed changes to specialist training are likely to have an impact on the psychotherapy training experience.
Improving Surge Capacity for Biothreats: Experience from Taiwan
Authors: Shih Fuh‐Yuan , Koenig Kristi L. 
Published: October 2006

This article discusses Taiwan's experience in managing surge needs based on recent events, including the 1999 earthquake, severe acute respiratory syndrome in 2003, airliner crashes in 1998 and 2001, and yearly typhoons and floods. Management techniques are compared and contrasted with U.S. approaches. The authors discuss Taiwan's practices of sending doctors to the scene of an event and immediately recalling off‐duty hospital personnel, managing volunteers, designating specialty hospitals, and use of incident management systems. The key differences in bioevents, including the mathematical myths regarding individual versus population care, division of stockpiles, the Maginot line, and multi‐jurisdictional responses, are highlighted. Several recent initiatives aimed at mitigating biothreats have begun in Taiwan, but their efficacy has not yet been tested. These include the integration of the emergency medical services and health‐facility medical systems with other response systems; the use of the hospital emergency incident command system; crisis risk‐communications approaches; and the use of practical, hands‐on training programs. Other countries may gain valuable insights for mitigating and managing biothreats by studying Taiwan's experiences in augmenting surge capacity.
Maxillary giant cell reparative granuloma
Authors: Schlorf Richard A. , Koop Severin H. 
Published: October 2006

Abstract“Giant cell reparative granuloma” was introduced into medical literature by Jaffe in 1953. Prior to that time most authors considered this lesion to be a variant of the benign giant cell tumor of the long bones, or a giant cell variant of osteitis fibrosa. Bernier and Cahn established the subdivision between the rare central giant cell reparative granuloma and the common peripheral epulis.In the past, considerable emphasis has been placed on the importance of differentiating the true giant cell tumor from the giant cell reparative granuloma of the jaw bones. Most authors now believe the true giant cell tumor does not appear in the jaw bones except in rare cases associated with Paget's disease of the skull. Developing from membranous, rather than cartilaginous, ossification might account for this.Both peripheral and central intraosseous lesions, parathyroid osteopathy and the pathologic tissue of cherubism show no appreciable histologic difference. These tumefactions are histologically a proliferative fibroblastic lesion with multinucleated giant cells. The histopathology of the giant cell tumor of the long bones is probably identical to the histopathology of the giant cell reparative granuloma of the jaw bones. The diagnosis of giant cell reparative granuloma must be made by physical examination, history, laboratory, X‐ray parameters and clinical follow‐up.Localized maxillary swelling is the most important clinical feature. The swelling is smooth and palaption can reveal a rubbery, elastic sensation where bone has been thinned. There are no specific radiographic signs.Conservative surgical management is indicated and adequate for giant cell reparative granulomas. Radiation is not indicated because of long term risks. Steroids have not been proven useful.
The lateral conchal resection otoplasty
Authors: Stucker Fred J. , Christiansen Thomas A. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA procedure for surgical correction of protruding ears has been utilized in 118 cases. The technique incorporates steps to correct the most common deformities found on preoperative evaluation. The lateral conchal resection combined with mattress sutures is not complex and thus readily learned by residents. It has yielded consistently excellent cosmetic results combined with an exceedingly low complication rate. The procedure is adaptable to well over 90 percent of patients seeking an otoplasty procedure.
Necrotizing sialometaplasia involving the nasal cavity
Authors: Maisel R. H. , Johnston W. H. , Anderson H. A. , Cantrell R. W. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractNectrotizing sialometaplasia is a disease process which affects minor salivary glands. It may clinically and microscopically resemble squamons cell or mucoepidermoid carcinoma but is histologically benign. Thirteen patients with this process occurring on the hard palate have been reported in the past two years. We describe two cases in the nasal cavity and propose that compromise of the blood supply contributed to the occurrence of these lesions. This apparently benign lesion may represent nonspecific reaction of salivary and mucous glands to ischemic injury and must be distinguished from carcinoma.
Carcinoma in thyroglossal duct remnants
Authors: Trail Mervin L. , Zeringue Guy P. , Chicola Jeffrey P. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractTwo cases of carcinoma arising in thyroglossal duct remnants are reported to add to the previously documented 78 cases in the literature. This rare lesion, which occurs is less than 1% of thyroglossal duct abnormalities, pathologically and clinically is similar to primary tumors arising in the thyroid gland. Papillary adenocarcinomas constitute 75‐85% of all cases reported and most are confined to the duct remnant itself with metastasis being infrequently recorded.Therapy consists of wide excision of the tumor‐bearing tissue (Sistrunk procedure) in those cases localized to the duct remnant itself. In instances where metastasis or additional lesions are detected in the thyroid gland, thyroid ablation and neck dissections are indicated. Additional modalities such as suppressive thyroid therapy, radioactive iodine, and external radiation have been employed. Distant metastasis is rare and the long‐term prognosis is very favorable.
Luetic hearing loss
Authors: Wong Raymond T. , Lepore Michael L. , Burch Gary R. , Henderson Robert L. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractLuetic hearing loss has been noted with increasing frequency in recent years. Four cases of luetic hearing loss seen at Walter Reed General Hospital from 1974 to 1975 are presented and discussed. Symptoms and pathology of luetic involvement of the inner ear are also presented. Serum FTA‐ABS and TPI, in addition to VDRL, must be routinely obtained during the workup of hearing loss. CSF FTA‐ABS should be obtained if serum FTA‐ABS and TPI are positive. Reversibility may be dependent on early detection of luetic hearing loss and treatment with high doses of antibiotics and steroids.
Supernumerary nasal tooth
Authors: Thawley Stanley E. , Laferriere Keith A. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA tooth presenting in the nasal cavity is an unusual phenomenon. Supernumerary teeth usually occur in the upper incisor area. Other locations may be the maxillary third molar and the mandibular bicuspid areas. Nasal teeth are a rare form of supernumerary teeth. They may be asymptomatic or may present with nasal obstruction and infection. They may be removed through a nasal approach.
Nasopharyngeal angiofibroma: A twenty year study.
Authors: Briant T. D. R. , Fitzpatrick P. J. , Berman Joel 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA control rate of approximately 80% has been obtained in 45 cases of juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma treated by a single moderate dose of radiotherapy at the Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto. The remaining patients ultimately achieved control, generally after further irradiation. Immediate side‐effects of the treatment have been minimal, and no late complications have been observed. In 2–20 years' follow‐up, no irradiation‐induced tumors have been found.Superiority of irradiation in these cases over surgery is emphasized, as well as the importance of using sophisticated techniques to limit the volume of tissues irradiated and protect vulnerable radiosensitive structures. Because tumor regression can be expected to continue for many months after treatment has been completed, a policy of observation following radiotherapy is recommended.
Immediate local tissue reactions to teflon vocal cord implants.
Authors: Lewy Robert B. , Millet Dan 
Published: October 2006

AbstractFrom the beginning of the teflon injection technique for paralyzed vocal cords there has been an obvious interest in its role as a foreign body. There are a number of previous reports after varying periods of time of residence. This case report describes the tissue response of the foreign body reaction very early, 48 hours after the injection of teflon. It is consistent with early inflammatory foreign body reaction.
Civilian air travel and the otolaryngologist
Authors: Love J. Thom , Caruso Vincent G. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThousands of individuals fly commercial airlines and private aircraft daily. One airline boasts of serving more than 100,000 passengers each day. Of these individuals exposed to barometric alterations, an undocumented number will develop significant barotrauma and may seek help from an otolaryngologist. Although many otolaryngologists learn the mechanics and management of barotrauma as military flight surgeons, residents in otolaryngology usually receive no specific training in this area. Because private and commercial aviation are so common today, we believe that a basic knowledge of barometric changes experienced while flying is essential for the practicing otolaryngologist.These basic principles are covered in this presentation. Case histories will also be discussed. One patient, who presented with signs of perilymph fistula, including sensorineural deafness and abnormal ENG, recovered spontaneously.
Respiratory rate and atp content of stria vascularis of guinea pig in vitro
Authors: Marcus Daniel C. , Thalmann Ruediger , Marcus Nancy Y. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractStria vascularis from guinea pig cochleae was incubated in vitro to determine its metabolic response to variations in substrate and ion composition of the incubation medium. The respiratory rate at 37° in a medium containing glucose and pyruvate as substrate was 17.3 ± 1.33 (SEM, n = 51) μI O2/mg dry weight‐hour. The stria could not maintain constant respiration by relying solely upon endogenous fuel stores. With substrate supplied, the ATP level could be maintained at about 73% of that existing in vivo. Glucose appears to be an adequate substrate for stria in vitro since glutamate, pyruvate, and fumarate did not increase the respiratory rate. Succinate increased respiration markedly but did not increase the ATP level. Ouabain (10−4 M) caused a 48% decrease in the respiratory rate. Incubation in Na+‐free and K+‐free medium, each resulted in irreversible decrease of respiratory rate comparable to (or greater than) that caused by ouabain. These data are in accord with the high activity of Na+‐K+‐ATPase in the stria and the pronounced sensitivity of the endolymphatic potential to ouabain.
Improved case finding for pediatric hearing loss: Cost analysis of school screening programs
Authors: Jacobs Edward E. , Lavelle William G. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe majority of school hearing conservation programs employ pure tone identification audiometry as a basis of referral for further evaluation. An analysis of the cost impact of school screening programs is presented and a method of relating costs to screening program accuracy is described. This type of analysis may be used as a model for estimating cost impact and cost‐benefit for pure tone audiometry and other techniques of screening for hearing loss.
Symposium: Otologic surgery reassessment after 25 years. The current status of tympanoplasty
Authors: Glasscock Michael E. , Jackson C. Gary , Steenerson Ronald L. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractApproximately 25 years ago, Wullstein and Zollner introduced the concept of tympano‐plasty to the field of chronic ear disease. Prior to this time, the main objective of surgery was to eliminate otorrhea and very little thought was given to the functional restoration of hearing. To convert a draining ear to a dry, functioning one has been the goal of tympanoplasty for this ensuing quarter of a century. The state of the art has developed to where currently the majority of surgeons obtain graft takes in the vicinity of 90‐97%. Return or preservation of hearing is anywhere from 60‐85%, depending upon the type of ossicular defect. This, of course, has economic overtones both from the cost of medical care and from restoration of function to the patient. There is certainly something to be said for control of the disease process so the patient does not periodically lose time from work and does not have to buy drugs. With restoration of function the patient many times can obtain a better job and increase his standard of living. Many patients are happy to have their ears repaired so they no longer have to see a doctor five or six times a year for consultation and prescriptions. Some of these individuals have been having difficulty for 15 to 20 years and they are most appreciative when they no longer require outpatient care. While there are still problems to overcome, it is the authors' opinion, based on the current state of the art, that tympanoplasty has progressed a great deal since the early 1950's and at this time is a successful method of dealing with chronic ear disease.