bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adrenal myelolipoma: Case report with a review of the literature
Authors: Bayram Fahri , Atasoy Kayhan Çetin , Yalçin Bülent , Salih Mustafa , Hekimoǧlu Koray , Uysal Ali Riza , Evcik Ender 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYA 40 year old woman who was pre‐operatively diagnosed as possibly having adrenal myelolipoma is reported. Adrenal myelolipomas are rare, non‐functional benign tumours comprising varying amounts of fat and haematopoietic elements. Albeit possibly coincidental, there is a frequent association with obesity, hypertension, and/or diabetes mellitus. A growing number of patients are being diagnosed during ultrasonographic or computerized tomographic scanning for unrelated problems.
Jejunojejunal intussusception secondary to leiomyoma
Authors: Mansberg Victor J , Mansberg Ginni , Doust Bruce D 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYA case of jejunojejunal intussusception in a 59 year old male secondary to a leiomyoma is reported. The patient presented with abdominal pain and vomiting. He was admitted with a diagnosis of gastroenteritis. Antegrade barium study showed a jejunojejunal intussusception with a soft tissue mass as the lead point. Computed tomography scan demonstrated the soft tissue mass to have properties suggestive of a leiomyoma. The diagnosis was confirmed on examination of the excised specimen.
Lipomatous meningioma: Characteristic computed tomographic appearance
Authors: Fitt GJ , Kalnins R , Mitchell LA 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYA case of lipomatous meningioma is reported. This is a rare variant of meningioma in which metaplasia of meningoepithelial cells occurs and mature adipocytes are present within the tumour. The heterogeneous attenuation and heterogeneous enhancement visualized on computed tomography (CT) can mimic necrotic malignant tumours. However, the demonstration of fat attenuation within the tumour explains the heterogeneity and suggests a benign process. The differential diagnosis of an extra‐axial fat‐containing tumour should include lipomatous meningioma.
An ultrasonographic study of Peyronie's disease
Authors: Muralidhar S , Gulati M , Kumar B , Sharma SK , Suman K , Roy PB 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYA study was undertaken to determine the usefulness of ultrasonography as an investigative tool, and its role in deciding the management of Peyronie's disease.Fifteen patients with Peyronie's disease were studied by ultrasonography. The plaque could be demonstrated in all patients. The dimensions of the plaque varied from less than 1 cm to more than 7cm in length and 2‐4mm in thickness. The disease was active in 26% of the patients, as indicated by the presence of hypoechoic areas around a central region of hyperechoism. Ultrasonogram was more accurate than clinical assessment in delineating the extent of lesions. In one‐third of the patients, sonography demonstrated the plaques to be more extensive than had been detected by clinical examination. Calcification and activity of disease (which are clearly defined by ultrasonogram) are determining factors in the management of Peyronie's disease. This information allows the surgeon to select the modality of treatment, the timing of surgery and extent of excision. Thus, ultrasonography plays a vital role in the preliminary investigation and management of Peyronie's disease.
Intraventricular neurocytoma
Authors: Ng Perry , Soo Yoi Sun , Chaseling Raymond , O'Neil Peter 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYIntraventricular neurocytoma is a rare cerebral tumour which is usually associated with a good prognosis. It has imaging features which help differentiate it from other cerebral tumours. We report three cases including the first to originate from the pineal gland. The report emphasizes the radiological appearance and reviews the literature.
The whirl sign: A non‐specific finding of mesenteric rotation
Authors: Blake Martin P , Mendelson Richard M 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe whirl sign has been described as a computed tomography (CT) finding of volvulus of the gut. Six cases are presented with a range of clinical diagnoses (a volvulus, adhesive obstruction with volvulus and previous left hemicolectomy, adhesions alone, transverse colectomy, and right hemicolectomy). All demonstrated a whirl sign. A further case simulating a whirl sign is also presented. We propose that the whirl sign, although a finding highly suggestive of volvulus, can occur in any situation that produces rotation or twisting of bowel and its mesenteric attachment.
Acute morbidity of radiation therapy for prostate carcinoma
Authors: Franklin CIV 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe acute morbidity of high dose radiation therapy for carcinoma of the prostate in a group of 169 patients treated between February 1993 and April 1994 was examined. Morbidity was determined at the start of therapy, then weekly during therapy and at 1, 2, 3, 6 and 12 months after therapy. Morbidity was examined from the view of the treating doctor and the patients. Morbidity was found to peak at the end of the treatment. From the radiation oncologist's perspective, 80–85% of patients experienced significant bladder and bowel morbidity. The level of acute morbidity was acceptable and there was only one patient that was admitted to hospital for symptomatic control of his acute reaction. Recovery was practically complete after 3 months for both bladder and bowel morbidity. Fifty per cent of patients experienced dysuria, 75% perianal discomfort and 87% frequency at the end of the treatment. Most of the individual factors recovered following radiation but urinary frequency and perianal discomfort were the most persistent problems.
Computed tomographic and ultrasonographic findings of pseudomyxoma peritonei
Authors: Özcan Hasan , Akyar Serdar , Atasoy Çetin 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYPseudomyxoma peritonei is an unusual clinical entity in which the peritoneal cavity is filled with a gelatinous material that is mucinous in nature. We present ultrasonographic and computed tomography findings in a patient with pseudomyxoma peritonei secondary to ovarian mucinous cystadenocarcinoma.
Intrathoracic extramedullary haemopoiesis
Authors: Boyacigil Süreyya , Ardiç Selim , Tokoǧlu Figen , Paşaoǧlu Eşref , Muammer Karakaş H. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYIntrathoracic extramedullary haemopoiesis is a rare condition accompanying chronic haematologic diseases. A 25 year old male β‐thalassaemia intermedia patient with bilateral posterior mediastinal masses is reported. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging provide detailed information for evaluation of thalassaemia and similar haemolytic diseases. In geographic areas where thalassaemia is prevalent, to avoid unnecessary surgical interventions, extramedullary haemopoiesis should be considered in differential diagnosis of patients who have chronic anaemia with asymptomatic intrathoracic tumours.
The radiology of melioidosis
Authors: Chong VFH , Fan YF 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYMelioidosis varies from subclinical infection to fulminating disease with multiple organ involvement. Although endemic in South‐East Asia and northern Australia, it may be imported into temperate zones. It is the wide spectrum of manifestation that makes it ‘the great imitator'. The purpose of this pictorial essay is to familiarize the radiologist with the range of radiological manifestations of this disease. Intrathoracic findings include pulmonary nodules, consolidation, necrotizing lesions, pleural effusion, pleural thickening and mediastinal abscess. Abscess in almost all organ systems can be seen in the septicaemic and suppurative infections. Both clinical and radiological findings are non‐specific. A high index of suspicion is required to focus the search for bacteriological confirmation. A prompt diagnosis is essential, as melioidosis is often rapidly fatal.
Stress fractures of the fibula in the first few years of life (report of six cases)
Authors: Kozlowski K , Urbonaviciene A 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYFibular stress fractures in children in the first few years of life are not well known and are often confused with osteomyelitis or malignant bone tumour. This misdiagnosis is followed by nuclear scan, computerized tomography (CT), magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and even biopsy. All these investigations are unnecessary as plain X‐rays show diagnostic radiographic findings and misdiagnosis is highly unlikely when they are evaluated in the context of clinical findings.
Intra‐renal Doppler wave‐form analysis as a screening test for renal artery stenosis
Authors: Lucas Philip , Blome Steven , Roche James 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYA double‐blinded trial was performed comparing Doppler interrogation of intra‐renal arteries with findings at renal angiography in the assessment of renal artery stenosis. Fifty‐three consecutive patients were studied.Previously reported parameters and cut‐off values were used for predicting the presence of renal artery stenosis with Doppler. Doppler wave‐form analysis proved relatively specific (91%) but insensitive (68%) to the presence of renal artery stenosis (of greater than 60%) if acceleration parameters were used alone. The technique of using a difference in mean resistive indices was found to be both insensitive (61%) and non‐specific (54%).Patients with fibromuscular dysplasia, branch vessel stenoses, multiple renal arteries and chronic renal impairment proved to cause the most false negatives. Young patients with normal arteries were the source of the few false positive results.The interrogation of intra‐renal arteries does not have appropriate sensitivity to be useful as a screening test for renal artery stenosis.
Erythema multiforme‐like reaction associated with radiotherapy
Authors: Veness MJ , Dwyer PK 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYGeneralized cutaneous reactions in association with radiotherapy have in the past been grouped into erythema multiforme (EM) and erythema multiforme‐like reactions, the latter being reactions that do not strictly fit the accepted clinical and/or histological criteria for EM, yet have similar findings or presentations.Though usually benign and self‐limiting, the progression to Stevens‐Johnson syndrome, a potentially fatal form of erythema multiforme, has been reported. Presented here is a case study of a less severe radiation‐induced erythema‐like reaction.
Brain MRI findings in two cases with eclampsia
Authors: Ünal Mustafa , Şenakayli Ö Cem , Serçe Kemal 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYNeurological complications in patients with eclampsia are varied and include headache, visual disturbances, focal neurological deficits, altered mental status and coma. Occasionally, a focal neurological deficit includes a variety of visual disturbances. The pathophysiology of CNS abnormalities in patients with eclampsia is uncertain. Our cases, combined with a review of the literature, demonstrate that there is no correlation among severity of hypertension, parity, and location of lesions at initial magnetic resonance (MR) imaging findings or between the severity of hypertension and neurological symptoms. Two typical patterns are seen on MR images of patients with eclampsia. Lesions in the region of the posterior cerebral circulation are most common and are frequently associated with visual disturbances. Although there are lesions in the deep white matter or basal ganglia, a focal neurological deficit or alterations in mental status may not develop. This demonstrates the sensitivity of MR imaging in the detection of abnormalities in patients with eclampsia, even those without neurological deficits.
Mammography in men with breast cancer: Review of the mammographic findings in five cases
Authors: MD Selma Tükel , MD Hasan Ouzcan 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYMale breast carcinoma is an uncommon malignancy. The age at diagnosis and tumour stage are more advanced in males than in females. Poor alertness of both men and physicians for this infrequent disease may account for the delay in diagnosis. In this study, we reviewed male breast carcinomas seen within a 3 year period and assessed the mammographic findings. There is limited experience in the diagnosis of breast carcinoma in male patients and this has been considerably influenced by the knowledge of female breast cancer. The diagnostic criteria for the female counterpart cannot always be safely applied to male breast cancer. Mammograms of men with breast cancer usually show an uncalcified subareolar mass, which may mimic or be obscured by gynaecomastia. Occasionally, punctate calcifications may indicate malignant disease in the male breast. Early detection of male breast cancer may prolong the survival rate as in cases of female breast cancer.
The role of radiation therapy in Gravesophthalmopathy ‘
Authors: Chowdhury AD , Moriarty MJ 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYGravesophthalmopathy ‘ can occur in 25–30% of patients with hyperthyroidism. This condition can result in serious visual disturbance and disfigurement. The treatment options for symptomatic disease are oral corticosteroids or orbital irradiation. Ten patients with Gravesophthalmopathy ‘ were treated with external beam radiotherapy at Saint Lukes Hospital from March 1991 to February 1994. Eight of these patients had excellent response with minimal morbidity. We believe that orbital radiotherapy is effective and well tolerated, and should replace corticosteroid therapy as the initial treatment modality in these patients.
Concurrent chemoradiation for oesophageal cancer: Factors influencing myelotoxicity
Authors: MacKean J , Burmeister BH , Lamb DS , Denham JW 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYConcurrent chemotherapy and radiation (CT/RT) for localized oesophageal cancer can cause life‐threatening myelo‐suppression. This non‐randomized study examines 95 patients from three Australasian centres treated on the Trans‐Tasman Radiation Oncology ‘definitivechemoradiation ‘ study. Duration of fluorouracil infusion and patient age were independently predictive of myelotoxicity after the first cycle of CT/RT. Overall rates of grade III and IV neutropaenia were 23% and of thrombocytopaenia 8% following the first cycle of chemotherapy. Five neutropaenic septic episodes followed the first cycle and six the second. All five patients recovered after the first cycle but there were four treatment‐related deaths occurring after the second cycle of CT/RT. Recommendations are made concerning initial dosing, dose reductions and delays to minimize adverse patient outcomes from myelosuppression.
The role of radiotherapy in thymomas
Authors: Leung John T 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThymoma is a rare disorder and the treatment of invasive disease is controversial. Seventeen patients with pathologically confirmed thymoma were treated at Royal Prince Alfred Hospital between 1982 and 1993. There were two stage 1 patients, four stage 2 patients and 11 stage 3 patients. Five patients had total resection, eight patients had subtotal resection and four patients had biopsy only. All patients received radiotherapy, with the median dose being 50 Gy. The median survival was 117 months and the 5‐year survival was 69%. This was influenced by stage of disease and extent of surgical resection. The local control was 76%. Three patients developed distant metastatic disease. There were insufficient numbers to determine a dose response to radiotherapy. Patients with invasive disease should continue to have postoperative radiotherapy. A brief review of the literature is made.
Acinic cell carcinoma of the parotid in children
Authors: Jones AO , Lam AH , Martin HCO 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe imaging findings of two children with acinic cell carcinoma of the parotid gland are presented. Ultrasonic features are emphasized. One of these children, a 6‐year‐old boy, suffers from the oculocerebrorenal syndrome of Lowe, a rare congenital, inherited condition manifested by defects of the nervous system (mental retardation, hypotonia), eyes (cataracts, glaucoma) and kidneys. To date, no known association exists between these two rare entities. The other child, a 10‐year‐old girl, was otherwise well.The ultrasound findings of both cases demonstrate features more classic for a benign intraparotid mass than for a potentially malignant lesion. The possibility of acinic cell carcinoma should be considered if a well‐defined, relatively homogenously hypo‐echoic intraparotid mass is encountered in a child, especially if cystic spaces are present.
Clinically and mammographically occult invasive ductal carcinoma diagnosed by ultrasound: The focally dilated duct
Authors: Yang WT , King W , Metreweli C 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYA case of clinically and mammographically occult invasive ductal carcinoma presenting as a focally dilated duct on ultrasound is reported. The features of ductal dilatation in benign and malignant conditions on ultrasound are highlighted.
Diagnostic equivalence of conventional and fast spin echo magnetic resonance imaging of the anterior cruciate ligament of the knee
Authors: Munk PL , Hilborn MD , Vellet AD , Dumas MD , Romano CC 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYMany techniques and pulse sequences have been devised for the assessment of the anterior cruciate ligament. The present study compares fast spin echo (FSE) imaging to conventional spin echo imaging at a field strength of 1.5 T in an effort to determine if these sequences are diagnostically equivalent. Where available, arthroscopy was also done. A total of 52 patients were imaged using both FSE and conventional spin echo sequences. Eight volunteers were used as controls. Arthroscopy was performed on 10 patients. The anterior cruciate ligament was assessed in a blinded fashion by three radiologists. The Kappa statistic was then used to determine the percentage agreement between FSE and conventional spin echo imaging. Fast spin echo sequencing demonstrated a sensitivity of 100%, a specificity of 94.8% and an accuracy of 96.3% when compared to arthroscopy. Conventional spin echo imaging and arthroscopy had a sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 84.6% and an accuracy of 88.9%. The remaining 34 patients who did not undergo arthroscopy were followed clinically because clinical and imaging findings were not suggestive of ACL tears. These demonstrated 72% agreement between FSE and conventional spin echo imaging using the Kappa statistic, with regards to calling ACL normal or having only a low‐grade partial tear. Fast spin echo imaging produces images of the anterior cruciate ligament that have similar diagnostic accuracy to conventional spin echo images (P<0.05) within a much shorter scan time. These results however, require further validation in a larger group, preferably with arthroscopic correlation.
Implementation of image‐guided large‐core needle biopsy of the breast on a limited budget
Authors: Doyle Anthony J , King Alan R , Miller Mary V , Collins John P 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYImage‐guided large‐core needle biopsy (LCNB) of the breast is becoming widely accepted as an accurate, minimally invasive and economical way to obtain a tissue diagnosis of breast lesions. However, much of this work has been done with expensive dedicated equipment, often favouring stereotaxic guidance. Image‐guided LCNB was introduced to Middlemore Hospital based around existing inexpensive equipment, and stereotaxic or ultrasound guidance was chosen depending on which showed the lesion best. Multidisciplinary clinical, radiological and pathological assessment of each case was performed. The results of 213 biopsies (112 stereotaxic and 101 ultrasound guidance) are reported here. Malignancy was shown or suspected in 85 biopsies (40%). The absolute sensitivity for malignancy was 97% with complete sensitivity of 100%. The absolute specificity was 100% and the complete specificity 98.5%. Large‐core needle biopsy can be successfully implemented in a large institution without investment in expensive equipment while maintaining high ratios of malignant/benign biopsies. Attention to technique and careful multidisciplinary review are important to the success of such a programme.
Rothmund‐Thomson syndrome and tolerance of chemoradiotherapy
Authors: Borg MF , Olver IN , Hill MP 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYRothmund‐Thomson syndrome (RTS) is a rare disorder with a predisposition for cutaneous and non‐cutaneous malignancy. It is speculated that ultraviolet (UV) sensitivity and deficient DNA repair may account for this predisposition and influence the tolerance of chemoradiotherapeutic management. A case is reported of the management of an RTS patient with squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue who demonstrated increased radiosensitivity and tissue intolerance to chemotherapy.
Letters from the radiation oncologist: Do referring doctors give a damn ?
Authors: Graham PH , Wilson G 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYLetters sent to referring and associated doctors by a radiation oncologist after consultation and treatment for 128 consecutive patients were reviewed. Overall, only 60% of information items previously identified as‘essential’were included in these letters. An anonymous survey of the referring doctors and general practitioners (GPs) for these 128 patients was conducted. A total of 93 of 103 respondents considered letter content to be satisfactory or very good, nine considered letter content to be only average and only one respondent considered content to be unsatisfactory. The possible reasons for high levels of satisfaction regarding correspondence by referring doctors and GPs in spite of the relatively low level of information content are explored.
Cutaneous metastases from adenocarcinoma of unknown primary
Authors: Veness MJ , Sullivan J 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYCutaneous manifestations of malignancy are not uncommon, especially in advanced disease. They may also occur early in malignant disease or they may even signify recurrence particularly if they are paraneoplastic in nature. Clinical diagnosis can be difficult because of the wide spectrum of appearance of these lesions, and, in many cases, because of the lack of an identifiable underlying primary. Presented here is the case of a 65‐year‐old woman with multiple inflammatory cutaneous metastases, which were sclerodermoid in nature. These appeared 14 months after initial diagnosis of adenocarcinoma of unknown primary (ACUP) and signified the beginning of a rapid deterioration in her condition. The coexistence of limited systemic sclerosis (scleroderma) and ACUP initially raised several interesting diagnostic possibilities. Adenocarcinoma of unknown primary and the sclerodermoid reaction in malignancy are discussed.
Spontaneous arterial thrombosis in association with pancreatic carcinoma: Diagnosis and interventional management
Authors: Holden A , Ferrar D 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYA 58‐year‐old woman presented with bilateral upper limb ischaemia. Digital subtraction angiography demonstrated upper limb arterial thrombosis, extensive on the left. This was initially treated with catheter‐directed thrombolysis which cleared the thrombus on the right, although the left upper limb required supplementary surgical embolectomy. Subsequently, biopsy‐proven pancreatic adenocarcinoma was detected. The upper limb arterial thrombosis appeared to be spontaneous in association with the malignancy because there was no obvious embolic source.
Mistaken angiographic diagnosis of traumatic aorto‐atrial fistula
Authors: Williams‐Jones Si n , Beningfield Steve , Brink Johan 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYA case of angiographically occult traumatic aorto‐caval fistula masquerading as aorto‐right atrial fistula is presented. The importance of angiographic vigilance in the imaging of arterio‐venous fistula is emphasized.