bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multi‐resolution implicit large eddy simulations using a high‐order overset‐grid approach
Authors: Sherer S. E. , Visbal M. R. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA parallel, high‐order, overset‐grid method is validated for use in large eddy simulation (LES) through its application to fundamental turbulent flow problems. The current method employs a high‐order, compact finite‐difference approach to evaluate spatial derivatives, with up to tenth‐order low‐pass filters used to remove high‐frequency spurious wave content. These filters have also been found to be effective in modelling the dissipation that occurs at the unresolved scales in the flow for LES simulations. Temporal integration is based on an implicit, approximately factored and diagonalized, second‐order algorithm, which reduces the time‐step constraints present in explicit time‐marching methods for wall‐bounded viscous flows. Parallelization, geometric complexity, and local grid refinement are all addressed through the use of an overset‐grid approach, with grid communication provided by high‐order Lagrangian interpolation. The problems investigated in this work include fully turbulent channel flow at Reτ = 590 and 1017, and the transitional wake generated by flow over a single circular cylinder at ReD = 3900. The results obtained with the current approach are validated against well‐resolved benchmark calculations or experiments and the impact of the order‐of‐accuracy of the interpolation method is investigated. The benefits obtained by using the general overset‐grid technique to reduce grid point requirements compared to single‐grid simulations are also examined. It is shown that for the problems considered in this work, substantial grid‐point savings may be obtained with an overset‐grid approach compared to a single‐grid approach, and that the use of high‐order interpolation at overset boundaries is important in maintaining overall solution accuracy. Published in 2007 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Computation of fluid–solid and fluid–fluid interfaces with the CIP method based on adaptive Soroban grids—An overview
Authors: Yabe Takashi , Takizawa Kenji , Tezduyar Tayfun E. , Im Hyo‐Nam 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe provide an overview of how fluid–solid and fluid–fluid interfaces can be computed successfully with the constrained interpolation profile/cubic interpolated pseudo‐particle (CIP) method (J. Comput. Phys. 1985; 61:261–268; Comput. Phys. Commun. 1991; 66:219–232; Comput. Phys. Commun. 1991; 66:233–242; J. Comput. Phys. 2001; 169:556–593) based on adaptive Soroban grids (J. Comput. Phys. 2004; 194:57–77). In this approach, the CIP combined unified procedure (CCUP) technique (J. Phys. Soc. Jpn 1991; 60:2105–2108), which is based on the CIP method, is combined with the adaptive Soroban grid technique. One of the superior features of the approach is that even though the grid system is unstructured, it still has a simple data structure that renders remarkable computational efficiency. Another superior feature is that despite the unstructured and collocated nature of the grid, high‐order accuracy and computational robustness are maintained. In addition, because the Soroban grid technique does not have any elements or cells connecting the grid points, the approach does not involve mesh distortion limitations. While the details of the approach and several numerical examples were reported in (Comput. Mech. 2006; published online), our objective in this paper is to provide an easy‐to‐follow description of the key aspects of the approach. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cerebral volume measurements and subcortical white matter lesions and short‐term treatment response in late life depression
Authors: Janssen Joost , Pol Hilleke E. Hulshoff , Schnack Hugo G. , Kok Rob M. , Lampe Indrag K. , de Leeuw Frank‐Erik , Kahn Rene S. , Heeren Thea J. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractBackgroundLate life depression is associated with volumetric reductions of gray matter and increased prevalence of subcortical white matter lesions. Previous studies have shown a poorer treatment outcome in those with more severe structural brain abnormalities. In this study, quantitative and semi‐quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measures were studied in relation to response to a 12‐week controlled antidepressant monotherapy trial.MethodsMRI (1.5T) brain scans of 42 elderly inpatients with major depression, of which 23 were non‐responder to a controlled 12‐week antidepressant monotherapy trial, were acquired. In addition, clinical outcome was assessed after a one year period. Measures were volumes of global cerebral and subcortical structures.ResultsAfter controlling for confounding, no differences were found between non‐responders and responders after 12 weeks and after one year in volumes of cerebral gray and white matter, orbitofrontal cortex, hippocampus and white matter lesions.ConclusionsStructural brain measures associated with late life depression may not be related to short‐term treatment response. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simulated groundwater interaction with rivers and springs in the Heihe river basin
Authors: Hu Li‐Tang , Chen Chong‐Xi , Jiao Jiu Jimmy , Wang Zhong‐Jing 
Published: March 2007

AbstractSurface water and groundwater in the Heihe river basin of China are interconnected and the pattern of water resources exploitation has a direct effect on the interaction of groundwater and surface water, especially on a downstream oasis. A three‐dimensional groundwater flow simulation model with eight model layers was established to simulate the regional groundwater flow in the multilayered aquifer system and the interaction among the rivers, springs, and groundwater. The model was calibrated not only with historical water levels but also with the investigated baseflow and spring flux. The simulation results of the numerical model match reasonably well with the observed groundwater levels, baseflow to rivers, and spring flux. The numerical simulation also demonstrates that the hydraulic connection between the river and the aquifers has transferred from the coupling to decoupling at some reaches. It is suggested that there is a vital need to reduce groundwater withdrawal and to rationalize the use of both groundwater and surface water in order to maintain sustainable development in the study area. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modelling the impact of recent land‐cover changes on the stream flows in northeastern Puerto Rico
Authors: Wu Wei , Hall Charles A. S. , Scatena Frederick N. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe investigated the influence of recent and future land‐cover changes on stream flow of a watershed northeastern Puerto Rico using hydrological modeling and simulation analysis. Monthly and average annual stream flows were compared between an agricultural period (1973–1980) and an urbanized/reforested period (1988–1995) using the revised Generalized Watershed Loading Function model. Our validated results show that a smaller proportion of rainfall became stream flows in the urbanized/forested period compared with the agricultural period, apparently because of reforestation. Sensitivity analysis of the model showed that evapotranspiration, precipitation, and curve number were the most significant factors influencing stream flow. Simulations of projected land‐cover scenarios indicate that annual stream flows would increase by 9·6% in a total urbanization scenario, decrease by 3·6% in a total reforestation scenario, and decrease by 1·1% if both reforestation and urbanization continue at their current rates to 2020. An imposed hurricane event that was similar in scale to the largest recent event on the three land‐cover scenarios would increase the daily stream flow by 62·1%, 68·4% and 67·1% respectively. Owing to the environmental setting of eastern Puerto Rico, where sea breezes caused by temperature differences between land surface and the ocean dominate the local climate, we suggest that managing local land‐cover changes can have important consequences for water management. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Further testing of the integrated hydrology model (InHM): multiple‐species sediment transport
Authors: Ran Qihua , Heppner Christopher S. , VanderKwaak Joel E. , Loague Keith 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe sediment‐transport version of the Integrated Hydrology Model (InHM) is further tested for the case of multiple‐species sediment transport with both rainsplash and hydraulic erosion using data from the Johansen et al. (2001) field experiments. The ability to simulate sub‐plot scale interactions between surface water hydrology and multiple‐species sediment transport with InHM is clearly demonstrated. Sensitivity analysis reveals that the erodibility coefficient has a substantial impact on the simulated total sediment mass. New spatio‐temporal, data‐rich field experiments are needed to continue the evaluation of the sediment‐transport version of InHM and, subsequently, fully exploit the concept‐development capabilities of the model. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Exploring the international linkages of the euro area: a global VAR analysis
Authors: Dees Stephane , Mauro Filippo di , Pesaran M. Hashem , Smith L. Vanessa 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThis paper presents a quarterly global model combining individual country vector error‐correcting models in which the domestic variables are related to the country‐specific foreign variables. The global VAR (GVAR) model is estimated for 26 countries, the euro area being treated as a single economy, over the period 1979–2003. It advances research in this area in a number of directions. In particular, it provides a theoretical framework where the GVAR is derived as an approximation to a global unobserved common factor model. Using average pair‐wise cross‐section error correlations, the GVAR approach is shown to be quite effective in dealing with the common factor interdependencies and international co‐movements of business cycles. It develops a sieve bootstrap procedure for simulation of the GVAR as a whole, which is then used in testing the structural stability of the parameters, and for establishing bootstrap confidence bounds for the impulse responses. Finally, in addition to generalized impulse responses, the current paper considers the use of the GVAR for ‘structural’ impulse response analysis with focus on external shocks for the euro area economy, particularly in response to shocks to the US. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Unravelling financial market linkages during crises
Authors: Dungey Mardi , Martin Vance L. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAn empirical model of multiple asset classes across countries is formulated in a latent factor framework. A special feature of the model is that financial market linkages during periods of financial crises, including spillover and contagion effects, are formally specified. The model also captures a range of common factors including global shocks, country and market shocks, and idiosyncratic shocks. The framework is applied to modelling linkages between currency and equity markets during the East Asian financial crisis of 1997–98. The results provide strong evidence that cross‐market links are important. Spillovers have a relatively larger effect on volatility than contagion, but both are statistically significant. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Blending ameliorative and transformative approaches in human service organizations: A case study
Authors: Evans Scot D. , Hanlin Carrie E. , Prilleltensky Isaac 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThis paper describes the challenges and benefits of an action‐research project with a Nashville‐based nonprofit human service organization. In our view, outmoded human service organizations are in serious need of innovation to promote psychological and physical wellness, prevention of social problems, empowerment, and social justice. This project aims to develop and evaluate value‐based organizational processes and outcomes designed to transform human services. Although the goal of moving human services from ameliorative to transformative approaches is invigorating, our efforts have revealed expected and unexpected barriers to this process of change. Two main barriers are a strong cultural current working against change and irregular pacing of the change efforts. Positive outgrowths of the project include a new organizational philosophy that includes attention to issues of justice and equality, and changing individual and organizational beliefs and practices. Clear messages regarding the changes desired and a highly participatory process have facilitated these initial outcomes. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Homogeneity in community‐based rape prevention programs: Empirical evidence of institutional isomorphism
Authors: Townsend Stephanie M. , Campbell Rebecca 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThis study examined the practices of 24 community‐based rape prevention programs. Although these programs were geographically dispersed throughout one state, they were remarkably similar in their approach to rape prevention programming. DiMaggio and Powell's (1991) theory of institutional isomorphism was used to explain the underlying causes of the homogeneity among the programs. Qualitative data indicate that the mimetic, normative, and coercive contextual factors pushed the programs into homogeneity. Implications for community psychology and organizational theory will be discussed. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Applying organizational theories to action research in community settings: A case study in urban schools
Authors: Bryan Keli S. , Klein Dena A. , Elias Maurice J. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAction research is well grounded in the worlds of organizational and community psychology. The practice of action research within each of these fields has been shaped by their dominant settings, theories, and values; where these diverge, rich learning opportunities have been created. Each phase of the action research cycle has particular challenges that can be overcome by integrating theories from both fields. This article outlines organizational theories as they apply to action research in community settings in three particular areas: the ecological context, collaboration and consensus, and sustainability. Using Price and Smith's (1985) four‐cycle model of action research as a framework, we then present a case study example of how organizational theories have become part of our action research practices. Specifically, we will illustrate issues and challenges involved in coordinating social and emotional learning programs in two overlapping contexts: urban elementary schools and high schools. We found that building explicit knowledge of organizational theory brings important perspectives and tools to action research in community settings. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Morphing the hyomandibular skeleton in development and evolution
Authors: Kimmel Charles B. , Walker Macie B. , Miller Craig T. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractHow might changes in developmental regulatory pathways underlie evolutionary changes in morphology? Here we focus on a particular pathway regulated by a secreted, signaling peptide, Endothelin1 (Edn1). Developmental genetic analyses show the Edn1‐pathway to be crucial for hyomandibular patterning, and we discuss our work with zebrafish suggesting how the signal may function in regulating numbers of skeletal elements, their sizes and their shapes. We then review a broader collection of comparative studies that examine morphological evolution of a subset of the same skeletal elements–the opercular‐branchiostegal series of bones of the hyoid arch. We find that phenotypic changes in zebrafish mutants copy evolutionary changes that recur along many actinopterygian lineages. Hence the developmental genetic studies are informative for providing candidate pathways for macroevolution of facial morphology, as well as for our understanding of how these pathways work.J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 308B:609–624, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Development and evolution of chordate cartilage
Authors: Rychel Amanda L. , Swalla Billie J. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractDeuterostomes are a monophyletic group of animals containing vertebrates, lancelets, tunicates, hemichordates, echinoderms, and xenoturbellids. Four out of these six extant groups—vertebrates, lancelets, tunicates, and hemichordates—have pharyngeal gill slits. All groups of deuterostome animals that have pharyngeal gill slits also have a pharyngeal skeleton supporting the pharyngeal openings, except tunicates. We previously found that pharyngeal cartilage in hemichordates and cephalochordates contains a fibrillar collagen protein similar to vertebrate type II collagen, but unlike vertebrate cartilage, the invertebrate deuterostome cartilages are acellular. We found SoxE and fibrillar collagen expression in the pharyngeal endodermal cells adjacent to where the cartilages form. These same endodermal epithelial cells also express Pax1/9, a marker of pharyngeal endoderm in vertebrates, lancelets, tunicates, and hemichordates. In situ experiments with a cephalochordate fibrillar collagen also showed expression in pharyngeal endoderm, as well as the ectoderm and the mesodermal coelomic pouches lining the gill bars. These results indicate that the pharyngeal endodermal cells are responsible for secretion of the cartilage in hemichordates, whereas in lancelets, all the pharyngeal cells surrounding the gill bars, ectodermal, endodermal, and mesodermal may be responsible for cartilage formation. We propose that endoderm secretion was primarily the ancestral mode of making pharyngeal cartilages in deuterostomes. Later the evolutionary origin of neural crest allowed co‐option of the gene network for the secretion of pharyngeal cartilage matrix in the new migratory neural crest cell populations found in vertebrates. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 308B:325–335, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mining of putative cis‐acting elements for chromatin mediated regulation of Hox genes in mammals by in‐silico analysis
Authors: Bengani Hemant , Ganapathi Mythily , Singh Gajinder Pal , Brahmachari Vani 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe remarkable conservation in developmental strategies across phyla is well reflected in the conservation of the homeotic gene complexes responsible for establishing the body plan in embryonic development. On the other hand, changes in the strategy of transcription regulation are believed to form one of the major factors in the evolution of developmental mechanisms and phenotypic evolution of species. Apart from transcription regulation by gene specific transcription factors, the role of regulators mediating modifications of chromatin proteins, especially of HOX gene clusters in Drosophila is well documented. By comparative genomics we have identified novel motifs conserved in mouse, chimpanzee and human in the noncoding upstream/intronic sequences of Hox genes by in silico analysis. These motifs lack the binding sites for known transcription factors and are significantly over represented in the target genes of one of the core components of Polycomb Repressive Complex namely Supressor of zeste 12 (SUZ12) in human embryonic cells reported by Lee et al. [2006a. Cell 125:301–313]. Therefore, we predict that they could be the sites of interaction of chromatin modifying complexes for epigenetic regulation. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 308B:384–395, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Polyandry and female control: the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum as a case study
Authors: Pai Aditi , Bernasconi Giorgina 
Published: March 2007

AbstractFemales of many animal species are polyandrous, and there is evidence that they can control pre‐ and post‐mating events. There has been a growing interest in consequences of polyandry for male and female reproductive success and offspring fitness, and its evolutionary significance. In several taxa, females exhibit mate choice both before and after mating and can influence the paternity of their offspring, enhancing offspring number and quality, but potentially countering male interests. Studying female mating biology and in particular post‐copulatory female control mechanisms thus promises to yield insights into sexual selection and the potential of male–female coevolution. Here, we highlight the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), a storage pest, as a model system to study polyandry, and review studies addressing the effects of polyandry on male sperm competitive ability and female control of post‐mating events. These studies show that the outcome of sperm competition in the red flour beetle is influenced by both male and female traits. Furthermore, recent advances suggest that sexual conflict may have shaped reproductive traits in this species. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 310B:148–159, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Using zebrafish to investigate cypriniform evolutionary novelties: functional development and evolutionary diversification of the kinethmoid
Authors: Patricia Hernandez L. , Bird Nathan Craig , Staab Katie Lynn 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAlthough the zebrafish has become a popular model organism for biomedical studies, we propose that the wealth of morphological novelties that characterize this cypriniform fish makes it well suited for investigating the development of evolutionary innovations. Morphological novelties associated with feeding in cypriniform fishes include: a unique structure of the pharyngeal jaws in which the lower pharyngeal jaws are enlarged and opposed to a pad on the basioccipital process; a palatal organ found on the roof of the buccal chamber that is thought to help process detrital food within the buccal chamber; and, the kinethmoid, a novel ossification that effects a unique means of premaxillary protrusion. We present new morphological and developmental data and review functional data regarding the role of the kinethmoid in premaxillary protrusion in the zebrafish. Premaxillary protrusion plays an important role in effective prey acquisition in teleosts and the evolution of a unique means of premaxillary protrusion within Cypriniformes may have led to a number of trophic radiations within this clade. Ontogenetic data from zebrafish show that substantial premaxillary protrusion is not seen until these fish have undergone metamorphosis at which point the adductor mandibulae musculature becomes divided and all ligamentous attachments become established. A comparative study of families within Cypriniformes shows diverse morphologies of the kinethmoid. The morphological diversification that characterizes the kinethmoid suggests that this feeding structure has played a role in trophic radiations within Cypriniformes, since the morphology of this feature is correlated with feeding habits.J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 308B:625–641, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Studies on synthesis and anion recognition properties of (3′‐nitrobenzo)[2,3‐d]‐(3″‐nitrobenzo)[9,10‐d]‐1,4,8,11‐tetraazacyclotetradecane‐5,7,12,14‐tetraone
Authors: Shang Xue‐Fang , Xu Xiu‐Fang , Lin Hai , Shao Jie , Lin Hua‐Kuan 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA novel artificial receptor, (3′‐nitrobenzo)[2,3‐d]‐(3″‐nitrobenzo)[9,10‐d]‐1,4,8,11‐tetraazacyclotetradecane‐5,7,12,14‐tetraone, was designed and synthesized. The interactions of this receptor with different anions were determined by UV‐vis and 1H NMR titration experiments, and their affinity constants to different anions were compared with those of other similar/different systems. The results indicated that this receptor showed a high selective and recognitive ability for F− among F−, Cl−, Br−, I−, AcO−, OH−, and H2PO. Moreover, the low energy configuration of this receptor was further determined by means of theoretical investigations. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.