bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatial analysis of dengue transmission in an endemic city in Brazil reveals high spatial structuring on local dengue transmission dynamics
Authors: Leandro André S. , Chiba de Castro Wagner A. , Garey Michel Varajão , Maciel-de-Freitas Rafael 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn the last decades, dengue has become one of the most widespread mosquito-borne arboviruses in the world, with an increasing incidence in tropical and temperate regions. The mosquito Aedes aegypti is the dengue primary vector and is more abundant in highly urbanized areas. Traditional vector control methods have showing limited efficacy in sustaining mosquito population at low levels to prevent dengue virus outbreaks. Considering disease transmission is not evenly distributed in the territory, one perspective to enhance vector control efficacy relies on identifying the areas that concentrate arbovirus transmission within an endemic city, i.e., the hotspots. Herein, we used a 13-month timescale during the SARS-Cov-2 pandemic and its forced reduction in human mobility and social isolation to investigate the spatiotemporal association between dengue transmission in children and entomological indexes based on adult Ae. aegypti trapping. Dengue cases and the indexes Trap Positive Index (TPI) and Adult Density Index (ADI) varied seasonally, as expected: more than 51% of cases were notified on the first 2 months of the study, and higher infestation was observed in warmer months. The Moran's Eigenvector Maps (MEM) and Generalized Linear Models (GLM) revealed a strong large-scale spatial structuring in the positive dengue cases, with an unexpected negative correlation between dengue transmission and ADI. Overall, the global model and the purely spatial model presented a better fit to data. Our results show high spatial structure and low correlation between entomological and epidemiological data in Foz do Iguaçu dengue transmission dynamics, suggesting the role of human mobility might be overestimated and that other factors not evaluated herein could be playing a significant role in governing dengue transmission.
Large biomass reduction effect on the relative role of climate, fishing, and recruitment on fish population dynamics
Authors: Durant Joël M. , Holt Rebecca E. , Langangen Øystein 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMany species around the world have collapsed, yet only some have recovered. A key question is what happens to populations post collapse. Traditionally, marine fish collapses are linked to overfishing, poor climate, and recruitment. We test whether the effect on biomass change from these drivers remains the same after a collapse. We used a regression model to analyse the effect of harvesting, recruitment, and climate variability on biomass change before and after a collapse across 54 marine fish populations around the world. The most salient result was the change in fishing effect that became weaker after a collapse. The change in sea temperature and recruitment effects were more variable across systems. The strongest changes were in the pelagic habitats. The resultant change in the sensitivity to external drivers indicates that whilst biomass may be rebuilt, the responses to variables known to affect stocks may have changed after a collapse. Our results show that a general model applied to many stocks provides useful insights, but that not all stocks respond similarly to a collapse calling for stock-specific models. Stocks respond to environmental drivers differently after a collapse, so caution is needed when using pre-collapse knowledge to advise on population dynamics and management.
Study on the kinetics of formation process of emulsion of heavy oil and its functional group components
Authors: Liu Jinhe , Sun Chengdi , Lun Zengmin , Li Yao , Tang Xinyu , Zhang Qingxuan , Yang Pujiang 
Published: April 2024

AbstractEnhanced oil recovery (EOR) by in situ formation of oil-in-water emulsion in heavy oil cold production technology has received growing interest from the petroleum industry. We present an experimental study of emulsification of model oils prepared by heavy oil and its functional group compositions dissolved into toluene brought into contact with a surfactant solution. The effects of functional group composition, emulsifier concentration, temperature, pH and stirring speed on the emulsification rate of heavy oil was investigated. A second-order kinetic model characterizing the temporal variation of conductivity during the emulsification has been established. The results show that acidic and amphoteric fractions exhibit higher interfacial activity, larger emulsification rate constant and faster emulsification rate. With the increase of emulsifier concentration, the emulsification rate constant increase to the maximum value at a concentration of 0.05 mol/L before decreasing. Temperature increase benefits the emulsification rate and the activation energy of the emulsification process is 40.28 kJ/mol. Higher pH and stirring speed indicate faster emulsification rate. The heterogeneity of emulsions limits the accuracy of dynamic characterization of the emulsification process and the determination method of emulsification rate has always been controversial. The conductivity method we proposed can effectively evaluates the emulsification kinetics. This paper provides theoretical guidance for an in-depth understanding of the mechanism and application of cold recovery technology for heavy oil.
Assessing the predictive value of insulin resistance indices for metabolic syndrome risk in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients
Authors: Bazyar Hadi , Zare Javid Ahmad , Masoudi Mahmood Reza , Haidari Fatemeh , Heidari Zeinab , Hajializadeh Sohrab , Aghamohammadi Vahideh , Vajdi Mahdi 
Published: April 2024

AbstractLimited research has explored the effectiveness of insulin resistance (IR) in forecasting metabolic syndrome (MetS) risk, especially within the Iranian population afflicted with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The present investigation aimed to assess the efficacy of IR indices in predicting the risk of MetS among T2DM patients. Convenient sampling was utilized to select four hundred subjects with T2DM. Metabolic factors and IR indices, including the Waist Circumference-Triglyceride Index (WTI), Triglyceride and Glucose Index (TyG index), the product of TyG index and abdominal obesity indices, and the Metabolic Score for Insulin Resistance (METS-IR), were evaluated. Logistic regression, coupled with modeling, was employed to explore the risk of MetS. The predictive performance of the indices for MetS stratified by sex was evaluated via receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and estimation of the area under the curve (AUC) values. The TyG-Waist Circumference (TyG-WC) index exhibited the largest AUCs in both males (0.91) and females (0.93), while the TyG-Body Mass Index (TyG-BMI) demonstrated the smallest AUCs (0.77 in males and 0.74 in females). All indices significantly predicted the risk of MetS in all subjects before and after adjustment (p < 0.001 for all). The TyG-WC index demonstrated the highest odds ratios for MetS (8.06, 95% CI 5.41–12.00). In conclusion, all IR indices assessed in this study effectively predicted the risk of MetS among Iranian patients with T2DM, with the TyG-WC index emerging as the most robust predictor across both genders.
Composition templating for heterogeneous nucleation of intermetallic compounds
Authors: Que Zhongping , Wang Yun , Fan Zhongyun , Hashimoto T. , Zhou X. R. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractRefinement of intermetallic compounds (IMCs) through enhancing heterogeneous nucleation during casting process is an important approach to improve the properties of aluminium alloys, which greatly increases the economy value of recycled Al-alloys. However, heterogeneous nucleation of IMCs is inherently more difficult than that of a pure metal or a solid solution. It requires not only creation of a crystal structure but also the positioning of 2 or more different types of atoms in the lattice with specific composition close to that of the nucleated IMCs. Previous understanding on heterogeneous nucleation is based on structural templating, usually considering the small lattice misfit at the interface between the nucleating solid and substrate. In this work, we proposed a hypothesis and demonstrated that composition templating plays a critical role in heterogeneous nucleation of IMCs. The experimental results revealed that segregation of Fe atoms on the AlB2 surface, i.e., the Fe modified AlB2 particle, provides the required composition templating and hence enhances heterogeneous nucleation of α-Al15(Fe, Mn)3Si2, resulting in a significant refinement of the α-Al15(Fe, Mn)3Si2 particles in an Al-5 Mg-2Si-1.0Mn-1.2Fe alloy.
Construction and verification of a histone deacetylases-related prognostic signature model for colon cancer
Authors: Hao Lei , Lu Weiqi , Wu Jianyu , Chen Yuzhong , Xu Dongni , Wang Peizong 
Published: April 2024

AbstractHistone deacetylases (HDACs) contribute significantly to the initiation, progression, and prognosis of colorectal adenocarcinoma (COAD). Additionally, HDACs regulate the tumor microenvironment, immune escape, and tumor stem cells, and are closely linked to COAD prognosis. We developed a prognostic model for COAD that incorporates HDACs to evaluate their specific roles. The COAD dataset containing clinical and mutation data was collected using the TCGA and GEO databases to obtain genes associated with HDAC. LASSO analysis and univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis were used to determine the presence of prognostic genes. Multivariate Cox analysis was also used to determine risk scores for HDAC-related features. Furthermore, genomic alterations, immune infiltration, and drug response were compared between high- and low-risk groups. Cellular experiments validated the potential regulatory role of BRD3 on COAD proliferation, migration, and apoptosis. The median risk scores, calculated based on the characteristics, demonstrated a more significant prognostic improvement in patients in the low-risk group. Furthermore, HDAC-related features were identified as important independent prognostic factors for patients with COAD. Additionally, genomic mutation status, immune infiltration, and function, as well as response to immunotherapy and chemotherapy, were found to be associated with risk scores. Subgroup analyses indicate that anti-PD-1 therapy may be beneficial for patients in the low-risk group. Additionally, a decrease in risk score was associated with a decrease in immune infiltration. Finally, HCT116 and HT29 cells exhibited inhibition of BRD3 gene proliferation and migration, as well as promotion of apoptosis. In patients with COAD, HDAC-related characteristics may be useful in predicting survival and selecting treatment.
Highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) virus in a common bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) in Florida
Authors: Murawski Allison , Fabrizio Thomas , Ossiboff Robert , Kackos Christina , Jeevan Trushar , Jones Jeremy C. , Kandeil Ahmed , Walker David , Turner Jasmine C. M. , Patton Christopher , Govorkova Elena A. , Hauck Helena , Mickey Suzanna , Barbeau Brittany , Bommineni Y. Reddy , Torchetti Mia , Lantz Kristina , Kercher Lisa , Allison Andrew B. , Vogel Peter , Walsh Michael , Webby Richard J. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSince late 2021, highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses of A/goose/Guangdong/1/1996 (H5N1) lineage have caused widespread mortality in wild birds and poultry in the United States. Concomitant with the spread of HPAI viruses in birds are increasing numbers of mammalian infections, including wild and captive mesocarnivores and carnivores with central nervous system involvement. Here we report HPAI, A(H5N1) of clade 2.3.4.4b, in a common bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) from Florida, United States. Pathological findings include neuronal necrosis and inflammation of the brain and meninges, and quantitative real time RT-PCR reveal the brain carried the highest viral load. Virus isolated from the brain contains a S246N neuraminidase substitution which leads to reduced inhibition by neuraminidase inhibitor oseltamivir. The increased prevalence of A(H5N1) viruses in atypical avian hosts and its cross-species transmission into mammalian species highlights the public health importance of continued disease surveillance and biosecurity protocols.
Transaminase-catalysis to produce trans-4-substituted cyclohexane-1-amines including a key intermediate towards cariprazine
Authors: Farkas Emese , Sátorhelyi Péter , Szakács Zoltán , Dékány Miklós , Vaskó Dorottya , Hornyánszky Gábor , Poppe László , Éles János 
Published: April 2024

AbstractCariprazine—the only single antipsychotic drug in the market which can handle all symptoms of bipolar I disorder—involves trans-4-substituted cyclohexane-1-amine as a key structural element. In this work, production of trans-4-substituted cyclohexane-1-amines was investigated applying transaminases either in diastereotope selective amination starting from the corresponding ketone or in diastereomer selective deamination of their diasteromeric mixtures. Transaminases were identified enabling the conversion of the cis-diastereomer of four selected cis/trans-amines with different 4-substituents to the corresponding ketones. In the continuous-flow experiments aiming the cis diastereomer conversion to ketone, highly diastereopure trans-amine could be produced (de > 99%). The yield of pure trans-isomers exceeding their original amount in the starting mixture could be explained by dynamic isomerization through ketone intermediates. The single transaminase-catalyzed process—exploiting the cis-diastereomer selectivity of the deamination and thermodynamic control favoring the trans-amines due to reversibility of the steps—allows enhancement of the productivity of industrial cariprazine synthesis.
Combinatorial biosynthesis for the engineering of novel fungal natural products
Authors: Skellam Elizabeth , Rajendran Sanjeevan , Li Lei 
Published: April 2024

AbstractNatural products are small molecules synthesized by fungi, bacteria and plants, which historically have had a profound effect on human health and quality of life. These natural products have evolved over millions of years resulting in specific biological functions that may be of interest for pharmaceutical, agricultural, or nutraceutical use. Often natural products need to be structurally modified to make them suitable for specific applications. Combinatorial biosynthesis is a method to alter the composition of enzymes needed to synthesize a specific natural product resulting in structurally diversified molecules. In this review we discuss different approaches for combinatorial biosynthesis of natural products via engineering fungal enzymes and biosynthetic pathways. We highlight the biosynthetic knowledge gained from these studies and provide examples of new-to-nature bioactive molecules, including molecules synthesized using combinations of fungal and non-fungal enzymes.
The selective prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor IOX5 stabilizes HIF-1α and compromises development and progression of acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Lawson Hannah , Holt-Martyn James P. , Dembitz Vilma , Kabayama Yuka , Wang Lydia M. , Bellani Aarushi , Atwal Samanpreet , Saffoon Nadia , Durko Jozef , van de Lagemaat Louie N. , De Pace Azzura L. , Tumber Anthony , Corner Thomas , Salah Eidarus , Arndt Christine , Brewitz Lennart , Bowen Matthew , Dubusse Louis , George Derek , Allen Lewis , Guitart Amelie V. , Fung Tsz Kan , So Chi Wai Eric , Schwaller Juerg , Gallipoli Paolo , O’Carroll Donal , Schofield Christopher J. , Kranc Kamil R. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAcute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a largely incurable disease, for which new treatments are urgently needed. While leukemogenesis occurs in the hypoxic bone marrow, the therapeutic tractability of the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) system remains undefined. Given that inactivation of HIF-1α/HIF-2α promotes AML, a possible clinical strategy is to target the HIF-prolyl hydroxylases (PHDs), which promote HIF-1α/HIF-2α degradation. Here, we reveal that genetic inactivation of Phd1/Phd2 hinders AML initiation and progression, without impacting normal hematopoiesis. We investigated clinically used PHD inhibitors and a new selective PHD inhibitor (IOX5), to stabilize HIF-α in AML cells. PHD inhibition compromises AML in a HIF-1α-dependent manner to disable pro-leukemogenic pathways, re-program metabolism and induce apoptosis, in part via upregulation of BNIP3. Notably, concurrent inhibition of BCL-2 by venetoclax potentiates the anti-leukemic effect of PHD inhibition. Thus, PHD inhibition, with consequent HIF-1α stabilization, is a promising nontoxic strategy for AML, including in combination with venetoclax.
Uncovered diversity of infectious circular RNAs: A new paradigm for the minimal parasites?
Authors: Marquez-Molins Joan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractInfectious circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been considered as biological oddities only occurring in plants, with limited exceptions. However, a great diversity of viroid-like circRNAs has been recently uncovered by the high-throughput exploration of transcriptomic data of geographically and ecologically diverse niches. In my opinion, this suggests a change in basic assumptions regarding our knowledge about these minimal parasites. The potentially infectious circRNAs found are diverse in size, type of ribozymes, encoded proteins and potential host organisms. The distinction between viroids and RNA viruses has been blurred by the detection of circular mitoviruses and ambiviruses which encode for their own RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. Thus, their taxonomic classification might pose a challenge because of the apparent extensive horizontal transfer and recombination of sequences. Many aspects of the predicted circRNAs remain to be uncovered, such as their pathogenicity or host range, and experimental validations are essential. For example, viroid-like circRNAs similar in size to plant viroids have been found to replicate and cause symptoms in fungi, with an isolate being the smallest replicon characterized so far. Despite an ancestral prebiotic origin for viroid-like sequences has been proposed, their dependence of viral or cellular proteins seems, to my view, more compatible with a cellular escape and/or viral genome reduction. This wide variety of potentially infectious agents might pose a biohazard concern of which we were previously unaware, and thus it would be convenient that more efforts are assigned for their characterization.
SEIR‐driven semantic integration framework: Internet of Things‐enhanced epidemiological surveillance in COVID‐19 outbreaks using recurrent neural networks
Authors: Sarin Saket , Singh Sunil K. , Kumar Sudhakar , Goyal Shivam , Gupta Brij B. , Arya Varsha , Chui Kwok Tai 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWith the current COVID‐19 pandemic, sophisticated epidemiological surveillance systems are more important than ever because conventional approaches have not been able to handle the scope and complexity of this global emergency. In response to this challenge, the authors present the state‐of‐the‐art SEIR‐Driven Semantic Integration Framework (SDSIF), which leverages the Internet of Things (IoT) to handle a variety of data sources. The primary innovation of SDSIF is the development of an extensive COVID‐19 ontology, which makes unmatched data interoperability and semantic inference possible. The framework facilitates not only real‐time data integration but also advanced analytics, anomaly detection, and predictive modelling through the use of Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs). By being scalable and flexible enough to fit into different healthcare environments and geographical areas, SDSIF is revolutionising epidemiological surveillance for COVID‐19 outbreak management. Metrics such as Mean Absolute Error (MAE) and Mean sqḋ Error (MSE) are used in a rigorous evaluation. The evaluation also includes an exceptional R‐squared score, which attests to the effectiveness and ingenuity of SDSIF. Notably, a modest RMSE value of 8.70 highlights its accuracy, while a low MSE of 3.03 highlights its high predictive precision. The framework's remarkable R‐squared score of 0.99 emphasises its resilience in explaining variations in disease data even more.
Triple active bridge converter in nanogrid applications: A direct interface for photovoltaic modules and storage
Authors: Santoro Danilo , Toscani Andrea , Cova Paolo , Delmonte Nicola 
Published: April 2024

AbstractEnvironmental issues and the global need to increase economically sustainable access to electricity addressed and boosted scientific research and use of Distributed Energy Resources, such as solar Photovoltaic (PV). Multi‐port power converters can be of great interest for a compact and efficient interface between PV, storage units, and DC loads. The Triple Active Bridge (TAB) shows interesting advantages in terms of isolation and Zero Voltage Switching capabilities over wide load and input voltage ranges. This work aims to develop a TAB prototype for a NanoGrid (NG) application, analyzing the possibility of a direct interface of PV modules, storage units, and DC loads, without the use of intermediate conversion stages. The TAB prototype uses Gallium Nitride devices, and an evaluation of the overall efficiency is provided, useful to compare with other isolated three‐port converters. Through an analytical approach, a TAB has been sized and optimized to meet specific application requirements. MATLAB/Simulink simulations have been done for the sizing validation and the control strategy design. A prototype has been developed and experimental measurements have been compared with simulation results. The TAB is proposed as a key element of DC NGs, but applications of interest are also automotive, More Electric Aircraft, and naval applications.
Grid‐forming control for inverter‐based resources in power systems: A review on its operation, system stability, and prospective
Authors: Khan Musa , Wu Wenchuan , Li Li 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe increasing integration of inverter based resources (IBR) in the power system has a significant multi‐faceted impact on the power system operation and stability. Various control approaches are proposed for IBRs, broadly categorized into grid‐following and grid‐forming (GFM) control strategies. While the GFL has been in operation for some time, the relatively new GFMs are rarely deployed in the IBRs. This article aims to provide an understanding of the working principles and distinguish between these two control strategies. A survey of the recent GFM control approaches is also delivered here, expanding the existing classification. It also explores the role of GFM control and its types in power system dynamics and stability like voltage, frequency etc. Practical insight into these stabilities is provided using case studies, making this review article unique in its comprehensive approach. Lacking elsewhere, the GFMs' real‐world demonstrations and their applications in several IBRs like wind farms, photovoltaic power generation stations etc., are also analyzed. Finally, the research gaps are identified, and the prospect of GFM is presented based on the system needs, informed by GFM real‐world projects. This work is a potential road map for the GFM large‐scale deployment in the decarbonized IBR‐based bulk power system.
Ein Orf-Fall ohne direkten Tierkontakt
Authors: Sabulyte Simona , Hofmann Silke C. , Balakirski Galina 
Published: April 2024

ZusammenfassungDas Orf-Virus wird meist durch direkten Hautkontakt mit infizierten Ziegen oder Schafen auf den Menschen übertragen. Nach einer Inkubationszeit von 3–10 Tagen manifestiert sich das Ecthyma contagiosum an den Kontaktstellen, meist der oberen Extremität, mit derben, erythematösen Knoten und begleitender Lymphadenopathie, wobei es i.d.R. innerhalb weniger Wochen zu einer spontanen Abheilung kommt. Hier präsentieren wir den Fall einer 44-jährigen Patientin, die sich ohne direkten Kontakt von einer infizierten Kuh mit dem Parapoxvirus angesteckt hat.