bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical usefulness of serum EBV DNA levels of BamHI W and LMP1 for Nasal NK/T‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Ishii Hideyuki , Ogino Takeshi , Berger Christoph , Köchli‐Schmitz Nicole , Nagato Toshihiro , Takahara Miki , Nadal David , Harabuchi Yasuaki 
Published: March 2007

AbstractQuantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was utilized to measure serum EBV DNA levels of BamHI W fragment and latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) in 20 nasal natural killer (NK)/T‐cell lymphoma patients. Both serum EBV DNAs were detected at high levels in all patients, but the levels were below the limit of detection in all healthy controls. The BamHI Z fragment, Epstein–Barr‐replication activator (ZEBRA) expression was detected in a small proportion (0.1–3%) of lymphoma cells from 10 (50%) of the patients. Patients with ZEBRA expression showed significantly higher DNA levels of BamHI W and LMP1 (P = 0.0081, P = 0.004), suggesting that EBV DNA may be caused by EBV replication from lymphoma cells. Kaplan–Meier and univariate analyses revealed that high DNA levels of BamHI W and LMP1 at pre‐treatment and high BamHI W DNA level at post‐treatment were associated with short disease‐free survival and overall survival (P < 0.05, each). Although the DNA levels of BamHI W and LMP1 correlated significantly, their dynamics were not always parallel. Patients with low pre‐treatment level of both EBV DNAs showed a favorable course, in contrast to patients with high pre‐treatment level of both EBV DNAs who showed an aggressive course (P = 0.0085). More importantly, the high pre‐treatment level of both EBV DNAs was determined as the only independent prognostic factor among various prognostic factors. These data suggest that simultaneous measurement of serum levels of both BamHI W and LMP1 DNAs may be useful for diagnosis, disease monitoring, and prediction of prognosis for nasal NK/T‐cell lymphoma patients. J. Med. Virol. 79:562–572, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prevalence of human papillomavirus types in women screened by cytology in Germany
Authors: Klug Stefanie J. , Hukelmann Meike , Hollwitz Bettina , Düzenli Nurgül , Schopp Betti , Petry Karl‐Ulrich , Iftner Thomas 
Published: March 2007

AbstractIncidence and mortality rates of cervical cancer are higher in Germany than in other Western European countries. Type‐specific human papillomavirus (HPV) distribution was investigated for the first time in Germany in an epidemiological study including 8,101 women. Women above the age of 30 years, self‐referring for cervical cancer screening, were enrolled in two study centers in Hannover (Northern Germany) and Tübingen (Southern Germany). Participants were screened by the Pap smear and the hybrid capture 2 (HC2) test using the high‐risk probe. All samples that were positive by the HC2 test were genotyped using the prototype PGMY09/11 PCR line blot assay. Most women in the study population had a negative Pap smear (96.7%). Prevalence of high‐risk type HPV detected by HC2 was 6.4% and prevalence of carcinogenic types detected by PGMY09/11 was 4.3%. Of the PGMY09/11 PCR‐positive women, 70.2% had a single infection, 28.1% had multiple infections and 1.7% remained uncharacterized. 32 different HPV types were detected using PGMY09/11 PCR. HPV 16, 31, 52, 51, 18, and 45 were the most common carcinogenic types in the study population. Among women with histologically confirmed high‐grade lesions HPV 16, 45, 58, 18, 31, 33, and 52 were the predominant types. These results provide valuable information for the management of HPV infections in Germany, both in terms of future strategies of screening and vaccination. J. Med. Virol. 79:616–625, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Anti‐fibrillogenic and fibril‐destabilizing activities of anti‐Parkinsonian agents for α‐synuclein fibrils in vitro
Authors: Ono Kenjiro , Hirohata Mie , Yamada Masahito 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe aggregation of alpha‐synuclein (αS) in the brain has been implicated as a critical step in the development of Lewy body diseases (LBD) and multiple system atrophy (MSA). Among the antioxidant strategies proposed, increasing evidence points to the possibility of achieving neuroprotection by dopamine agonists, as well as monoamine oxidase B inhibitors. We showed previously that the anti‐Parkinsonian agents dose‐dependently inhibited β‐amyloid fibrils (fAβ)(1–40) and fAβ(1–42) formation as well as destabilized preformed fAβs. Using fluorescence spectroscopy with thioflavin S, electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy, we examined the effects of anti‐Parkinsonian agents, selegiline, dopamine, pergolide, bromocriptine, and trihexyphenidyl on the formation of αS fibrils (fαS) and on preformed fαS. All molecules except for trihexyphenidyl, dose‐dependently inhibited the formation of fαS. Moreover, these molecules dose‐dependently destabilized preformed fαS. The overall activity of the molecules examined was in the order of: selegiline = dopamine > pergolide > bromocriptine. These agents and other compounds related structurally could be key molecules for the development of therapeutics for LBD and MSA. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Matrix metalloproteinases in brain development and remodeling: Synaptic functions and targets
Authors: Ethell Iryna M. , Ethell Douglas W. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractMatrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play critical roles in egg fertilization, embryonic development, wound repair, cancer, and inflammatory and neurologic diseases. This subfamily of metzincin peptidases can cleave extracellular matrix (ECM) and pericellular proteins that have profound effects on cell behavior. Among known MMP substrates are several proteins that play important roles in synaptogenesis, synaptic plasticity, and long‐term potentiation (LTP). In this Mini‐Review we discuss how MMP‐directed cleavage of these proteins can impact the formation and function of synapses within the brain. Pyramidal neurons in the hippocampus, and other large neurons, are surrounded by perineuronal nets that are composed of brevican, tenascin‐R, and laminin, each of which is subject to proteolytic cleavage by MMPs. Tenascin‐R knockout mice show deficits in learning and memory and LTP, as do at least two MMP knockouts. Impaired LTP is also seen in brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) knockout mice, which is interesting in that pro‐BDNF can be processed into mature BDNF by several MMPs and thereby regulate activation of the high‐affinity BDNF receptor TrkB. At the synaptic level, MMP substrates also include ephrins, Eph receptors, and cadherins, which are also involved in synapse development and plasticity. MMPs can also process membrane‐bound tumor necrosis factor‐α into a potent soluble cytokine that is increasingly implicated in neuron–glial signaling, particularly in neurologic disease. Finally, we discuss how the development of therapeutics to attenuate MMP activity in neurodegenerative disorders may become powerful tools for future studies of synaptic formation and function within the developing and mature brain. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The rich get richer: predicting participation in voluntary diversity training
Authors: Kulik Carol T. , Pepper Molly B. , Roberson Loriann , Parker Sharon K. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThis research examined whether trainee demographics and pre‐training competence predicted participation in voluntary diversity training. Results indicate that demographic variables had no impact on interest in training (Study One) or on actual training participation (Study Two). However, pre‐training competence levels had a positive effect on both outcomes. More competent trainees expressed more interest in additional training (Study One) and were more likely to attend a voluntary training session (Study Two). The authors suggest that trainees with low competence in the diversity domain are unaware of their low competence levels and therefore are not motivated to participate in training programs designed to increase diversity competence. Implications of these findings for organizations offering voluntary diversity training are discussed. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Climatic change during the last 4000 years in the southern Tarim Basin, Xinjiang, northwest China
Authors: Zhong Wei , Bin Xue Ji , Shu Qiang , Guo Wang Li 
Published: March 2007

AbstractIn this study, a ca. 4000 cal. yr ancient lacustrine (or wetland) sediment record at the southern margin of Tarim Basin is used to reconstruct the history of climate change. Six radiocarbon dates on organic matter were obtained. δ18O and δ13C of carbonate, pollen and sediment particle size were analysed for climate proxies. The proxies indicate that a drier climate prevailed in the area before ca. 1010 BC and during period 1010 BC–AD 500 climate then changed rapidly and continuously from dry to moist, but after about AD 500 climate generally shows dry condition. Several centennial‐scale climatic events were revealed, with the wettest spell during AD 450–550, and a relatively wetter interval between AD 930–1030. Pollen results show that regional climate may influence human agricultural activities. Spectral analysis of mean grain size (MGS) proxy reveals statistically pronounced cyclic signals, such as ca. 200 yr, ca. 120 yr, ca. 90 yr, ca. 45 yr and ca. 33 or 30 yr, which may be associated with solar activities, implying that solar variability plays an important role in the decadal‐ and centennial‐scale climate variations in the study area. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of clay on the morphology of binary blends of polyamide 6 with high density polyethylene and HDPE‐graft‐acrylic acid
Authors: Fang Zhengping , Xu Yuzhen , Tong Lifang 
Published: March 2007

AbstractPolyamide 6 (PA6)/HDPE/organo‐bentonite (Oclay) and PA6/HDPE‐grafted‐acrylic acid (PEAA)/Oclay nanocomposites were prepared via melt compounding. The influence of Oclay on the morphology of composites was investigated. Scanning electron microscopy results revealed the size of the dispersed HDPE, and PEAA phase decreased with increasing Oclay content. Transmission electron microscopy and X‐ray diffraction results revealed that the Oclay was predominately intercalated with some evidence of partial exfoliation. The majority of Oclay platelets were concentrated in the PA6 phase and in the interfacial region between PA6 and HDPE (PEAA). The Oclay platelets played the role of coupling species between the two polymers, increasing the interaction of the two phases in certain extent. These results were proved by FTIR and positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy. Consequently, apparent emulsifying effect was induced. A schematic mechanism of the apparent compatibilization effect was presented. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 47:551–559, 2007. © 2007 Society of Plastics Engineers.
Visualization of in‐mold shrinkage in injection molding process
Authors: Fathi S. , Behravesh A.H. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThis article presents an experimental investigation on the visualization of (material/mold) separation development during the in‐mold shrinkage of injection molded parts. The purpose is to correlate the separation times with the shrinkage values. Two cavity designs were studied: (i) a simple rectangular plate (nonconstrained plate) and (ii) a rectangular plate with an obstacle pin (constrained plate). Separation development was recorded using a high speed camera on a designed and manufactured visual mold. The results indicate that although there is a meaningful correlation between shrinkage value and separation time in the nonconstrained mold, this correlation is highly disturbed in the presence of a constraint (here, an obstacle pin). POLYM. ENG. SCI., 47:750–756, 2007. © 2007 Society of Plastics Engineers.
Mechanical and tribological behaviors of polyamide 66/ultra high molecular weight polyethylene blends
Authors: Wang Hong‐Gang , Jian Ling‐Qi , Pan Bing‐Li , Zhang Jun‐Yan , Yang Sheng‐Rong , Wang Hong‐Gang 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe blends of polyamide (PA) and ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) were prepared by a Brabender DSE25 co‐twin screw extruder, and maleic anhydride (MAH) grafted high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) was used as a compatibilizer. A chemical reaction between MAH group of MAH‐g‐HDPE and terminal amino group of PA was testified by FT‐IR analysis. Mechanical and tribological tests showed that the tensile and bending strength of PA decrease with the increase of UHMWPE. Besides, the mechanical strengths of PA/UHMWPE blends were improved by adding appropriate MAH‐g‐HDPE. The chemical reaction between MAH‐g‐HDPE and PA ameliorated the homogeneous dispersing ability of UHMWPE in the blend. The friction coefficient and volume wear rate of the PA/UHMWPE blends decreased apparently with the increase of UHMWPE, as was probably that UHMWPE has straight chain structure and good flexibility; therefore, a transferring film could be easily formed on the steel surface with the increase of UHMWPE. In friction process, the wear resistance of the blends was relative to the mechanical property of the blends when the amount of the transferring layer reached to a certain value. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 47:738–744, 2007. © 2007 Society of Plastics Engineers.
Growth of needle‐like crystals of polyoxymethylene during polymerisation
Authors: Iguchi Masatoshi 
Published: March 2007

AbstractNeedle‐like crystals of polyoxymethylene, 5 to 20 μm long, have been obtained in the course of the polymerisation of trioxane in cyclohexane. It has been found that such crystal growth is favoured at large BF3.OEt2/H2O or BF3/H2O ratios, when the nucleation takes place fast. The needle is considered to consist of fully extended chains oriented parallel with the direction of the length. The mechanism of the needle‐type growth is briefly discussed with reference to the plate‐like growth previously found.
Ethylene‐vinyl alcohol copolymers partially modified with benzoate groups: Study of their polymorphic behavior
Authors: Sánchez‐Chaves M. , Fernández‐García M. , Cerrada M. L. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe crystalline structure exhibited by terpolymers obtained through chemical modification with benzoyl chloride from an ethylene‐vinyl alcohol copolymer with a molar fraction in vinyl alcohol of 68%, EVOH68, has been studied by either wide angle X‐ray diffraction or small angle X ray scattering experiments and differential scanning calorimetry. The type of crystal lattice developed has been found to be strongly dependent on modification degree and thermal history. A highly‐disordered crystalline lattice with very small crystallites has been found for the quenched specimen with the highest benzoate content while the rest of fast cooled samples crystallized into an orthorhombic lattice. On the other hand, a monoclinic crystal cell has been observed in the slowly cooled specimens with low benzoate incorporation. At the last given thermal treatment, this monoclinic lattice evolves and seems to be transformed into an orthorhombic‐like crystal for the terpolymer with the highest modification ratio. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 45: 1026–1036, 2007
A computational model of the inhibition of Mycobacterium tuberculosis ATPase by a new drug candidate R207910
Authors: de Jonge Marc R. , Koymans Luc H.M. , Guillemont Jérôme E.G. , Koul Anil , Andries Koen 
Published: March 2007

AbstractDiarylquinolines (DARQs) are a new class of potent inhibitors of the ATPase of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. We have created a homology model of a binding site for this class of compounds located on the contact area of the a‐subunit (gene atpB) and c‐subunits (gene atpE) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis ATPase. The binding pocket that was identified from the analysis of the homology model is formed by 4 helices of three c‐subunits and 2 helices of the a‐subunit. The lead compound of the DARQ series, R207910, was docked into the pocket using a simulated annealing, multiple conformer, docking algorithm. Different stereoisomers were treated separately. The best docking pose for each stereoisomer was optimized by molecular dynamics simulation on the 5300 atoms of the binding region and ligand. The interaction energies in the computed complexes enable us to rank the different stereoisomers in order of interaction strength with the ATPase binding pockets. We propose that the activity of R207910 against Mycobacterium tuberculosis is based on interference of the compound with the escapement geometry of the proton transfer chain. Upon binding the compound mimicks the conserved Arg‐186 residue of the a‐subunit and interacts in its place with the conserved acidic residue Glu‐61 of the c‐subunit. This mode of action is corroborated by the good agreement between the computed interaction energies and the observed pattern of stereo‐specificity in the model of the binding region. Proteins 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evaluation of Lipophilic Antioxidant Efficacy in Vivo by the Biomarkers Hydroxyoctadecadienoic Acid and Isoprostane
Authors: Yoshida Yasukazu , Hayakawa Mieko , Habuchi Yoko , Itoh Nanako , Niki Etsuo 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe evaluation of antioxidant activity in vivo is difficult. In this study, the effects of dietary natural and synthetic antioxidants on the lipid peroxidation in mice were assessed using a biomarker, total hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid (tHODE). Biological samples such as plasma, erythrocytes, and tissues were first reduced and then saponified to convert various oxidation products of linoleates to tHODE. Subsequently, the absolute concentration of tHODE and its stereoisomer ratio, [9‐ and 13‐(Z,E)‐HODE)/[9‐ and 13‐(E,E)‐HODE], which is a measure of the hydrogen donor capacity of antioxidants, were determined by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analyses. These were then compared with total 8‐iso‐prostaglandin F2α (t8‐iso‐PGF2α) which was also assessed after reduction and saponification. Remarkable increases in tHODE and t8‐iso‐PGF2α levels were observed in the plasma, erythrocytes, liver, and brain of mice that were fed an α‐tocopherol (αT)‐stripped (E‐free) diet for 1 month when compared with those of mice that were fed a standard diet (αT = 0.002 wt%). When mice were fed for 1 month on an E‐free diet supplemented with a lipophilic antioxidant (0.04 wt%), namely, αT, α‐tocotrienol (αT3), γ‐tocopherol (γT), or 2,3‐dihydro‐5‐hydroxy‐4,6‐di‐tert‐butyl‐2,2‐dipentylbenzofuran (BO‐653), a potent synthetic antioxidant, the increases of tHODE and t8‐iso‐PGF2α in the plasma, erythrocytes, liver, and brain were suppressed to the levels lower than those of mice fed a standard diet. The (Z,E/E,E) HODE ratio was decreased in the plasma and erythrocytes of mice fed the E‐free diet when compared with that in mice fed the standard diet. This stereo‐isomeric ratio was significantly recovered by the addition of αT and BO‐653. These results show that the tHODE level and the (Z,E/E,E) HODE ratio are useful biomarkers for the assessment of antioxidant capacity in vivo and that the antioxidant capacity decreased in the order: BO‐653 > αT3 ≧ αT, γT, as assessed by tHODE levels from blood, liver, and brain.
Spin‐Probe Investigations of Head Group Behavior in Aqueous Dispersions of a Nonionic Amphiphilic Compound
Authors: Nakagawa Kouichi 
Published: March 2007

AbstractHead group behavior of nonionic amphiphilic compound, (poly(oxyethylene) hydrogenated castor oil, HCO), in aqueous dispersions were investigated by EPR (electron paramagnetic resonance) in conjunction with a modern slow‐tumbling simulation. The aliphatic spin probes, 5‐doxylstearic acid (5‐DSA) and 3β‐doxyl‐5α‐cholestane (CHL), were used to obtain fluidity of the surface region of the membrane. The order parameter (S0) using the simulation for 5‐DSA and CHL in the region were approximately 0.4 and 0.2, respectively. The ordering results suggest that the head group region of the membrane is somewhat fluid. The rotational diffusion coefficients (R⊥ ≈ 1/(6τR)) for the probes were 3.4 × 107 and 7.1 × 107 s−1, respectively. Activation energies, calculated using the temperature dependence of diffusion coefficients, were 18 and 17 kJ/mol for the probes. The EPR results imply that the CHL probe in the HCO membrane has quite different behavior in comparison with that of PC (phosphatidylcholine) from egg. Thus, the present EPR analyses have provided quantitative insight into the surface region of the amphiphilic membrane.
The effect of iron fortification and de-worming on anaemia and iron status of Vietnamese schoolchildren
Authors: Le Huong Thi , Brouwer Inge D. , Nguyen Khan Cong , Burema Jan , Kok Frans J. 
Published: March 2007

Previous data from Vietnam show that anaemia is highly prevalent among schoolchildren, who are considered not to be iron deficient.Trichurisinfection doubled the risk of anaemia. The present study aimed to evaluate the hypothesis that de-worming is more effective than iron fortification in an anaemic, infection-prone population. In a trial with a 2 × 2 factorial design, 425 anaemic children aged 6–8 years were randomly assigned to receive either iron-fortified noodles or placebo, and mebendazole or placebo. Outcomes considered were change in haematological indicators of iron status (Hb, serum ferritin (SF), serum transferrin receptor (TfR) and haemoglobinopathies analysis); inflammations (C-reactive protein (CRP)); parasite infection status (hookworm,TrichurisandAscarisinfection); and IgE. ANOVA and logistic regression were used to assess the effects of iron fortification and de-worming on Hb, SF, TfR, body iron and anaemia. Hb improved in all groups after 6 months of intervention. Iron fortification significantly improved Hb, SF and body iron (2·6 g/l, 16·3 μg/l and 1 mg/kg, respectively). Prevalence of elevated IgE was very high at baseline (99 %) and significantly reduced to about 75 % in all groups after intervention. De-worming unexpectedly showed no effect on Hb, iron status and IgE level. It is concluded that iron fortification slightly improved anaemia and iron status in anaemic schoolchildren in rural Vietnam that were not considered iron deficient. Chronic infection or other unidentified factors may play an important role in the seasonal reduction of anaemia seen in all treatment groups.
β-Cryptoxanthin fromCitrusjuices: assessment of bioaccessibility using anin vitrodigestion/Caco-2 cell culture model
Authors: Dhuique-Mayer Claudie , Borel Patrick , Reboul Emmanuelle , Caporiccio Bertrand , Besancon Pierre , Amiot Marie-Josèphe 
Published: March 2007

β-Cryptoxanthin (β-CX), a provitaminic carotenoid of potential interest for health, is found principally inCitrusfruit in both free and esterified forms. Little is known about the intestinal absorption of β-CX especially with regard to the esterified forms. The aim of this study was to evaluate the absorption of free and esterified β-CX using simulated digestion coupled with the Caco-2 model. Bioaccessibility was investigated by measuring the transfer of carotenoids from different citrus juices into micelles using anin vitrodigestion system. Then, carotenoid uptake was evaluated by adding carotenoid-rich micelles (from thein vitrodigestion) or synthetic micelles (made from synthetic lipids and carotenoids purified from citrus juice) to human intestinal cells (Caco-2 TC7 clone). Our results showed that β-cryptoxanthin esters (β-CXE) were partially hydrolysed during thein vitrodigestion. The bioaccessibility of free β-CX measured was significantly higher (40 (sd1·05) %) than that of β-carotene (30 (sd1·9) %) and β-CXE (16 (sd1·5) %). In the same way, the incorporation of free β-CX (27 (sd1·01) %) into synthetic micelles exceeded (P < 0·05) that of β-carotene (10 (sd0·7) %) and β-CXE (8·8 (sd0·4) %). In the case of micelles fromin vitrodigestion, the uptake of β-carotene, free β-CX and β-CXE forms by Caco-2 cells was 14·3 (sd1·8), 3·9 (sd1·3), and 0·7 (sd0·08) % respectively. These results showed a preferential uptake by Caco-2 cells of β-carotene and free β-CX compared with the two esters of β-CX.