bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disruption of arginase II alters prostate tumor formation in TRAMP mice
Authors: Mumenthaler Shannon M. , Rozengurt Nora , Livesay Justin C. , Sabaghian Anahita , Cederbaum Stephen D. , Grody Wayne W. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractBACKGROUNDArginase II (AII) is involved in the polyamine synthetic pathway, and elevated levels of expression have been found in a high proportion of prostate cancer samples and patients. However, the biological function of arginase II in prostate cancer still remains to be elucidated. In this study, we utilized the TRAMP mouse prostate cancer model to better understand the contribution of AII on tumor development.METHODSAII expression was determined in prostates from TRAMP mice at 23 weeks of age by real‐time RT‐PCR and Western blot analysis. Additionally, AII expression was disrupted in the TRAMP model by crossbreeding arginase II knockout (AII KO) mice with TRAMP mice in order to generate the TRAMP/AII KO line. In each group, genito‐urinary (GU) tract weights were determined and a pathological evaluation of the tumors was completed.RESULTSAII expression was only detectable in those mice without the presence of macroscopic tumors; it was also absent in the TRAMP‐C2 cell line, which is characteristic of an advanced prostate tumor. Assessment of the GU weights revealed larger average GU weights in the TRAMP/AII KO mice compared to TRAMP mice. Additionally, a greater percentage of more advanced pathology was found in the TRAMP/AII KO group compared to the TRAMP cohort.CONCLUSIONSBased on these results, AII deficiency in the TRAMP model seems to accelerate prostate tumor progression, leading to an overall more advanced cancer stage in these mice. These findings support the possibility that prostatic arginase II could be a potentially useful marker of disease progression. Prostate 68: 1561–1569, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Intracellular death platform steps‐in: Targeting prostate tumors via endoplasmic reticulum (ER) apoptosis
Authors: Schwarze Steven R. , Lin Eric W. , Christian Perry A. , Gayheart Dustin T. , Kyprianou Natasha 
Published: July 2008

AbstractMolecular targeting of apoptotic signaling pathways has been extensively studied in recent years and directed towards the development of effective therapeutic modalities for treating advanced androgen‐independent prostate tumors. The majority of therapeutic agents act through intrinsic or mitochondrial pathways to induce programmed cell death. The induction of apoptosis through endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress pathways may provide an alternative to treat patients. The functional interaction between the BCL‐2 family members and regulation of calcium homeostasis in the ER provides a critical link to the life or death outcome of the cell. Apoptosis induction mediated by ER stress‐inducing agents is just beginning to be exploited for therapeutic targeting of prostate tumors. Insightful dissection of recently discovered apoptotic signaling pathways that function through the endoplasmic reticulum may identify novel molecules that could effectively target both androgen‐dependent and androgen‐independent prostate tumors. In this review, we focus on linking ER stress‐induced apoptosis to therapeutic targeting of prostate tumors and dissect its cross‐talk with the intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways. Prostate 68: 1615–1623, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Femtosecond Dynamics in Single Wall Carbon Nanotube/Poly(3-Hexylthiophene) Composites
Authors: Lioudakis Emmanouil , Othonos Andreas , Alexandrou Ioannis 
Published: July 2008

Abstract
Femtosecond transient absorption measurements on single wall carbon nanotube/poly(3-hexylthiophene) composites are used to investigate the relaxation dynamics of this blended material. The influence of the addition of nanotubes in polymer matrix on the ultrashort relaxation dynamics is examined in detail. The introduction of nanotube/polymer heterojunctions enhances the exciton dissociation and quenches the radiative recombination of composites. The relaxation dynamics of these composites are compared with the fullerene derivative-polymer composites with the same matrix. These results provide explanation to the observed photovoltaic performance of two types of composites.
Multiple critical points of perturbed symmetric strongly indefinite functionals
Authors: Bonheure Denis , Ramos Miguel 
Published: July 2008

We prove that the elliptic system

−\mathrm{\Delta }u = |v|^{q−2}v + k(x),\:x \in \Omega ,

−\mathrm{\Delta }v = |u|^{p−2}u + h(x),\:x \in \Omega ,

where
Ω
is a regular bounded domain of

\mathbb{R}^{N}

,

N⩾3

and

h,k \in L^{2}(\Omega )

, admits an unbounded sequence of solutions

(u_{k},v_{k}) \in H_{0}^{1}(\Omega ) \times H_{0}^{1}(\Omega )

, provided

2 < p⩽q

and

\frac{N}{2}(1−\frac{1}{p}−\frac{1}{q}) < \frac{p−1}{p}

. We also prove a generic multiplicity result for exponents in the open region bounded by the lines

p = 2

,

q = 2

and the critical hyperbola.

Résumé

Nous démontrons que le système elliptique ((1), (2)) où
Ω
est un domaine régulier de

\mathbb{R}^{N}

,

N⩾3

et
h
,

k \in L^{2}(\Omega )

, possède une suite non bornée de solutions

(u_{k},v_{k}) \in H_{0}^{1}(\Omega ) \times H_{0}^{1}(\Omega )

, pour autant que

2 < p⩽q

et

\frac{N}{2}(1−\frac{1}{p}−\frac{1}{q}) < \frac{p−1}{p}

. Nous démontrons également un résultat générique de mulplicité lorsque les exposants se situent dans l'ouvert délimité par les droites

p = 2

,

q = 2

et l'hyperbole critique.
Integrity of the cortical actin ring is required for activation of the PI3K/Akt and p38 MAPK signaling pathways in redifferentiation of chondrocytes on chitosan
Authors: Park Eun Hee , Kang Shin‐Sung , Lee Young‐Sup , Kim Song‐Ja , Jin Eun‐Jung , Tak Eun Nam , Sonn Jong Kyung 
Published: July 2008

AbstractCell shape alterations and accompanying cytoskeletal changes have diverse effects on cell function. We have already shown that dedifferentiated chondrocytes have a round cell morphology and undergo redifferentiation when cultured on chitosan membrane. In the present study, we investigate the role of the cytoskeleton in chondrocyte redifferentiation. Chondrocytes obtained from a micromass culture of chick limb bud mesenchymal cells were subcultured four times. Immunofluorescence analysis of F‐actin showed cortical distribution of the actin cytoskeleton upon subculture of dedifferentiated chondrocytes on chitosan membrane. Treatment with cytochalasin D disrupted the cortical actin ring formed during cultivation of chondrocytes on the chitosan membrane, and inhibited chondrocyte redifferentiation. Moreover, cytochalasin D inhibited the phosphorylation of Akt and p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK), induced during redifferentiation on chitosan membrane. LY294002, an inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol‐3‐OH‐kinase (PI3K), suppressed chondrocyte redifferentiation. These findings suggest that integrity of the actin cytoskeleton is a crucial requirement for PI3K/Akt and p38 MAPK in chondrocyte redifferentiation.
Assessment of fibroblast cells submitted to ultrasonic irradiation
Authors: De Oliveira Rodrigo Franco , Oliveira Deise A.A. Pires , Machado Aline H.A. , da Silva Newton Soares , Magini Márcio , Pacheco‐Soares Cristina 
Published: July 2008

AbstractPhysiotherapists consider ultrasound an indispensable tool, which is commonly employed in clinical practice as a treatment aid for musculoskeletal dysfunctions. The aim of our study has been to analyze fibroblast cell structures following low‐intensity pulsed ultrasonic irradiation. Fibroblast cell cultures irradiated with ultrasound were analyzed through electron microscopy to determine an ideal irradiation beam that preserved cell morphology and integrity. Analysis by fluorescence microscopy and transmission electron microscopy was used to follow morphological changes of the nucleus and cytoskeleton following different ultrasound irradiation intensities. According to the parameters used in the pulsed irradiation of fibroblast cultures, control over the intensity employed is fundamental to the optimal use of therapeutic ultrasound. Cell cultures submitted to low‐intensity pulsed ultrasonic irradiation (0.2–0.6 W/cm2) at 10% (1:9 duty cycle) and 20% (2:8 duty cycle) maintained shape and cellular integrity, with little damage. In the group irradiated with an intensity of 0.8 W/cm2, a loss of adhesion was observed along with an alteration in the morphology of some cells at an intensity of 1.0 W/cm2, which resulted in the presence of cellular fragments and a decrease of adhering cells. In cells irradiated at 2.0 W/cm2, there was a complete loss of adhesion and aggregation of cellular fragments. The present study confirms that biophysical properties of pulsed ultrasound may accelerate proliferation processes in different biological tissues.
Formation of the coronary vasculature: a brief review
Authors: Tomanek Robert J. 
Published: July 2008

Abstract
Myocardial vascularization is initiated after endothelial cell precursors from the region of the liver or septum transversarium migrate to the newly formed epicardium. Blood island-like structures appear and form vascular channels along the epicardium and into the myocardium. Prior to this time myocardial cells receive nutrition directly from the ventricular lumen, a process which is facilitated by the highly trabecular arrangement of the ventricles. A venous system is formed prior to any evidence of arteries or arterioles. The formation of a vascular plexus in the region of the outflow tract is followed by penetration of these microvessels into the wall of the aorta. These ingrowing vessels merge, acquire a muscular coat and form the left and then the right coronary vessels. These events occur during a short period of time, e.g., 2 weeks in humans, 4 days in rats. Maturation of the arterial tree occurs primarily after birth. Our knowledge of the regulation of coronary vascularization during development is very limited. Accordingly, future studies need to focus on the role of growth factors, chemotactic factors, extracellular matrix molecules, and mechanical events.
Ventricular relaxation in the stage 24 chick embryo following changes in volume and blockade of Na+ and Ca2+ channels
Authors: Naheed Z.J. , Lahoti A. , Hughes S.F. , Benson D.W. 
Published: July 2008

Abstract

Objective
Early in cardiac development, regulation of cytosolic Ca2+ has been thought to depend primarily on sarcolemmal Ca2+ transport. We hypothesized that perturbation of cytosolic Ca2+ in the embryonic ventricle would result in a change in ventricular relaxation which could be quantified by a monoexponential model. We reasoned that since it has been difficult to selectively block the Na+-Ca2+ exchanger in vivo, that blockade of Na+ (lidocaine) or Ca2+ (verapamil) channels in the embryonic heart may perturb cytosolic Ca2+ and thereby alter ventricular relaxation.

Methods
All studies were performed in ovo in Hamilton-Hamburger stage 24 chick embryos. Isovolumic relaxation time (mean ± standard deviation, 58 ± 19 ms) was derived from dorsal aortic flow and atrioventricular inflow during 61 cardiac cycles in 4 embryos. Ventricular pressure was digitally recorded from 13 embryos during 188 cycles following intravenous injection of chick Ringer's solution (5 embryos), verapamil (4 embryos) or lidocaine (4 embryos). Ventricular relaxation was characterized by a monoexponential model: P(t) = P∞ + Poe−t/τ where P(t) = pressure at time (t), P∞ = pressure asymptote, Po = pressure at the onset of relaxation and τ = the isovolumic relaxation constant. Non-linear least-squares regression was used to estimate τ and P∞ during isovolumic relaxation at baseline and at 30 s and 60 s post-injection.

Results
Ventricular end-diastolic pressure was increased by all three interventions. Both lidocaine and verapamil prolonged cycle length. Lidocaine prolonged τ while chick Ringer's solution and verapamil did not. No significant change in P∞ was observed.

Conclusions
This study demonstrates that blockade of Na+ channels with lidocaine slows ventricular relaxation presumably by perturbing cytosolic Ca2+ via the Na+-Ca2+ exchange system. Changes following Ca2+ channel blockade with verapamil are less evident in the stage 24 chick embryo. Evaluation of ventricular relaxation may provide a useful way to study developmental aspects of Ca2+ transport.
Early embryonic vascular development
Authors: Scott Baldwin H. 
Published: July 2008

Abstract
Establishment of a functional vascular system is imperative for normal embryonic growth and development. Building on the excellent descriptive studies of endothelial cell position and behavior, it is now possible to begin to define the mechanisms directing endothelial cell differentiation, commitment, migration and organization into a tube. What are the factors that control differentiation of mesoderm into angioblasts and what is needed for these angioblasts to organize into a vascular bed? These processes involve the careful orchestration of a diverse group of molecules including components of the extracellular matrix, cell adhesion receptors, growth factors and their receptors. This review has discussed just a few of the components that have been implicated as potentially important in the establishment of the vascular system. However, our understanding of how vessels form in the embryo is really quite rudimentary. We are just beginning to understand the delicate balance of both angiogenic and angiostatic processes that result in the intricate patterning and diverse function that is characteristic of developing endothelial cells. We have not even discussed important factors such as the role of blood flow and apoptosis in maintaining and remodeling vascular beds within the embryo nor have we addressed the development of endothelial heterogeneity in the mature animal [reviewed in Ref. 98]. There are certain to be new molecules identified as well as the delineation of new roles for known molecules. In addition, advances in genetic manipulation and improvements in both in vitro and in vivo model systems should provide important new insights into this critical process of vascular ontogeny.
UNBOUNDED B-FREDHOLM OPERATORS ON HILBERT SPACES
Authors: Berkani M. , Castro-González N. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThis paper is concerned with the study of a class of closed linear operators densely defined on a Hilbert space $H$ and called B-Fredholm operators. We characterize a B-Fredholm operator as the direct sum of a Fredholm closed operator and a bounded nilpotent operator. The notion of an index of a B-Fredholm operator is introduced and a characterization of B-Fredholm operators with index $0$ is given in terms of the sum of a Drazin closed operator and a finite-rank operator. We analyse the properties of the powers $T^m$ of a closed B-Fredholm operator and we establish a spectral mapping theorem.
BIMINIMAL IMMERSIONS
Authors: Loubeau E. , Montaldo S. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractWe study biminimal immersions: that is, immersions which are critical points of the bienergy for normal variations with fixed energy. We give a geometrical description of the Euler–Lagrange equation associated with biminimal immersions for both biminimal curves in a Riemannian manifold, with particular attention given to the case of curves in a space form, and isometric immersions of codimension 1 in a Riemannian manifold, in particular for surfaces of a three-dimensional manifold. We describe two methods of constructing families of biminimal surfaces using both Riemannian and horizontally homothetic submersions.
ON THE HOLLAND–WALSH CHARACTERIZATION OF BLOCH FUNCTIONS
Authors: Pavlović Miroslav 
Published: July 2008

AbstractIt is proved that the Bloch norm of an arbitrary $C^1$-function defined on the unit ball $\mathbb{B}_n\subset\mathbb{R}^n$ is equal to$$ \sup_{x,y\in\mathbb{B}_n,\,x\neq y}{(1-|x|^2)^{1/2}(1-|y|^2)^{1/2}}\frac{|f(x)-f(y)|}{|x-y|}. $$
A CHARACTERIZATION OF COMPOSITION OPERATORS ON ALGEBRAS OF ANALYTIC FUNCTIONS
Authors: Carando Daniel 
Published: July 2008

AbstractWe give a characterization of composition operators between algebras of analytic functions on a Banach space. We show (under fairly general conditions) that they are precisely the multiplicative operators that are transposes of operators of between the preduals of the algebras. The special cases of $H^\infty(U)$ and $H_{\mathrm{b}}(U)$ are considered. In these cases, the composition operators are those which are pointwise-to-pointwise continuous and/or $\tau_0$-to-$\tau_0$ continuous (where $\tau_0$ is the compact-open topology). We obtain Banach–Stone-type theorems for these algebras.
Nanofiltration for the recovery of caustic cleaning-in-place solutions: robustness towards large variations of composition
Authors: GÉSAN-GUIZIOU GENEVIÈVE , BOYAVAL EVELYNE , DAUFIN GEORGES 
Published: July 2008

In the dairy industry re-use and multi-use cleaning-in-place (CIP) systems are operated by circulating chemicals and water without taking the equipment apart. The solutions, which become polluted due to the removal of fouling compounds, are drained periodically when they are considered to be too polluted. This work shows the large variations in composition (pollution, surface tension, etc) of the industrial caustic solutions coming from milk standardization and pasteurization plant CIP throughout their life time (7 days) and from 1 week to another. The work is also intended to show how nanofiltration (1 kg mol−1 molecular weight cut-off) was robust and performed well, with good recovery of caustic solutions, even when faced with large variations of solutions composition: high caustic yield, permeation flux (J) in the range 42–110 l h−1 m−2, average chemical oxygen demand (COD) reduction equal to 0.58 and low surface tension change. Equations have been established for the prediction of J as a function of initial membrane hydraulic resistance (Rm) caustic concentration, volume reduction ratio (VRR) and initial soluble COD. When VRR increased, both J and pollution retention decreased despite the increase in irreversible fouling induced by the increase of soluble pollution concentration in retentate . The higher the initial soluble COD, the sharper the decrease in J vs. VRR. Since irreversible fouling was usually small (0.1–3.4×1013 m−1, that is to say of the same order of magnitude as Rm), the membrane cleaning could be efficiently performed by using single phase sodium hypochlorite alternately with a more expensive acid–base cleaning sequence. The obtained permeate was a clear regenerated cleaning solution with low soluble COD (0.2–3.5 g/l) and surface tension (56–30 mJ m−2) which could be successfully exploited owing to its cleaning potential.
Introduction: Some ponderings on the use of the law in the writing of histories
Authors: HURVITZ NIMROD , FRAM EDWARD 
Published: July 2008

Professional jurists are often inquisitive about the subject matter of their
calling and in the course of their careers may well develop fascinating
insights into the law and those who interpret it. Their employers, however,
be they governments, corporations, firms, or private clients, rarely show
similar enthusiasm for such insights unless the hours spent pondering the
social or historical significance of this or that legal view have a
contemporary value that justifies the lawyer's fee.Thankfully, other members of society are rewarded for mining the legal
records of the past. For legal historians, the search often focuses on the
changing legal ideas and how legal doctrine develops over time to meet the
changing needs of societies. Yet because the law generally deals with
concrete matters – again, because jurists are paid by people who are
unlikely to remunerate those who simply while away their hours making
up legal cases – it offers a reservoir of information that can be used, albeit
with caution, in fields other than just the history of the law.A partial reconstruction of the law of any given time and place is among
the more obvious historical uses of legal documents but statutes, practical
decisions, and even theoretical texts can be used to advance other forms
of the historical endeavour. Legal works often reflect the values both of
jurists and society-at-large, for while the law creates social values it is not
immune to changes in these very values.
Family health care decision making and self-efficacy with patients with ALS at the end of life
Authors: Nolan Marie T. , Kub Joan , Hughes Mark T. , Terry Peter B. , Astrow Alan B. , Carbo Cynthia A. , Thompson Richard E. , Clawson Lora , Texeira Kenneth , Sulmasy Daniel P. 
Published: July 2008

ABSTRACTObjective:Persons with ALS differ from those with other terminal illnesses in that they commonly retain capacity for decision making close to death. The role patients would opt to have their families play in decision making at the end of life may therefore be unique. This study compared the preferences of patients with ALS for involving family in health care decisions at the end of life with the actual involvement reported by the family after death.Methods:A descriptive correlational design with 16 patient–family member dyads was used. Quantitative findings were enriched with in-depth interviews of a subset of five family members following the patient's death.Results:Eighty-seven percent of patients had issued an advance directive. Patients who would opt to make health care decisions independently (i.e., according to the patient's preferences alone) were most likely to have their families report that decisions were made in the style that the patient preferred. Those who preferred shared decision making with family or decision making that relied upon the family were more likely to have their families report that decisions were made in a style that was more independent than preferred. When interviewed in depth, some family members described shared decision making although they had reported on the survey that the patient made independent decisions.Significance of results:The structure of advance directives may suggest to families that independent decision making is the ideal, causing them to avoid or underreport shared decision making. Fear of family recriminations may also cause family members to avoid or underreport shared decision making. Findings from this study might be used to guide clinicians in their discussions of treatments and health care decision making with persons with ALS and their families.