bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Substrate influence on MPCVD boron‐doped homoepitaxial diamond
Authors: Habka Nada , Pinault Marie‐Amandine , Mer Christine , Jomard François , Barjon Julien , Nesladek Milos , Bergonzo Philippe 
Published: August 2008

AbstractWe report a study of boron‐doped diamond epilayers grown on (100) HPHT diamond substrates by microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition (MPCVD) in simultaneous or successive runs. The structural and crystalline quality of the samples have been investigated by several techniques. The profiles performed by secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) show the homogeneity in depth of the boron concentration in all layers. Cathodoluminescence (CL) spectroscopy indicates state‐of‐the‐art epilayers. The substrate misorientation angles have been investigated by X‐ray diffraction (XRD). Confocal micro‐Raman mapping of the full width at half‐maximum of the 1332 cm–1 diamond line was also preformed on all substrates. It evidences crystalline inhomogeneities that are known to be growth sectors. We show a relation between the epilayer surface morphology, observed by Nomarski optical microscopy, and the substrate crystallinity. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Fullerene C60 and hybrid C60/Ti films as substrates for adhesion and growth of bone cells
Authors: Vandrovcova Marta , Vacik Jiri , Svorcik Vaclav , Slepicka Petr , Kasalkova Nikola , Vorlicek Vladimir , Lavrentiev Vasily , Vosecek Vaclav , Grausova Lubica , Lisa Vera , Bacakova Lucie 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThin films of fullerenes C60, Ti or binary C60/Ti composites (ratio C60 versus Ti 1:1) were deposited on microscopic glass coverslips in a continuous or micropatterned form. The latter was created using a metallic mask with rectangular openings, and contained prominences from 108 ± 2 nm to 362 ± 5 nm in height. Some micropatterned C60 and C60/Ti films were irradiated with Au+ ions (energy 1.8 MeV, fluence 2 × 1014 cm–2), which led to the conversion of some C60 molcules into amorphous carbon (a‐C). The films were then seeded with human osteoblast‐like MG 63 cells (∼17,000 cells/cm2). One and 3 days after seeding, the cells reached numbers which were usually similar or even higher in comparison with the values on control glass coverslips and standard cell culture polystyrene dishes. On micropatterned layers, the cells adhered and grew preferentially in grooves among the prominences (∼57% to 90% of cells). On day 3 after seeding, this preferential colonization of the grooves disappeared in the ion‐irradiated layers, which could be explained by a conversion of C60 into amorphous carbon and increased hydrophilia of the layer. Thus, all tested films gave good support to the adhesion and growth of bone‐derived MG 63 cells. In addition, microstructured C60 and C60/Ti films containing prominences and grooves on their surface could be applied for regionally‐selective cell adhesion and directed growth of cells. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Transparent diamond‐on‐glass micro‐electrode arrays for ex‐vivo neuronal study
Authors: Bonnauron M. , Saada S. , Mer C. , Gesset C. , Williams O. A. , Rousseau L. , Scorsone E. , Mailley P. , Nesladek M. , Arnault J.‐C. , Bergonzo P. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractWe report on the fabrication of high aspect ratio diamond Micro Electrode Arrays (MEAs) grown on silicon as well as on glass substrates using an optimised nanoseeding technique and Bias Enhanced Nucleation (BEN). Such MEA systems combine high electrode reactivity and high electrical current injection limits with resiliency, biocompatibility and optical transparency of diamond surfaces. We present the technological steps for the fabrication of 2D as well as 3D diamond microelectrode arrays. The patterning issues involve the use of detonation nanodiamond particles (DND). (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Tailoring WO3 thin layers using spray pyrolysis technique
Authors: Enesca A. , Duta A. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe deposition technique is responsible for the morphological and crystalline properties of the thin films obtained by spray pyrolysis. The influence of the deposition parameters on the WO3 films properties is presented. The main characterisation concerns the topography (AFM), crystalline parameters (XRD), surface tensions (contact angle) and opto‐electronic properties. Due to the changes on the deposition parameter, dense and porous WO3 films were obtained with radically different interface properties. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Imaging of uranium on rat brain sections using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry: a new tool for the study of critical substructures affined to heavy metals in tissues
Authors: Becker J. Sabine , Dobrowolska Justina , Zoriy Miroslav , Matusch Andreas 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe specific toxicity of trace metals and compounds largely depends on their bioavailability in different organs or compartments of the organism considered. Imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA‐ICP‐MS) with a spatial resolution in the 100 µm range was developed and employed to study heavy metal distribution in brain tissues for toxicological screening. Rat brain post‐mortem tissues were stained in an aqueous solution of either uranium or neodymium (metal concentration 100 µg g−1) for 3 h. The incubation of heavy metal in thin slices of brain tissue is followed by an imaging mass spectrometric LA‐ICP‐MS technique. Stained rat brain tissue (thickness 30 µm) were scanned with a focused laser beam (wavelength 266 nm, diameter of laser crater 100 µm and laser power density 3 × 109 W cm−2). The ion intensities of 235U+, 238U+, 145Nd+ and 146Nd+ were measured by LA‐ICP‐MS within the ablated area. For quantification purposes, matrix‐matched laboratory standards were prepared by dosing each analyte to the pieces of homogenized brain tissue. Imaging LA‐ICP‐MS allows structures of interest to be identified and the relevant dose range to be estimated. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A comparison of muscle‐ and scale‐derived δ13C and δ15N across three life‐history stages of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar
Authors: Sinnatamby R. Niloshini , Dempson J. Brian , Power Michael 
Published: August 2008

AbstractStable isotope signatures were obtained from paired scale and muscle tissue samples from smolt, post‐smolt and one‐sea‐winter adult Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Post‐smolt and adult scales were separated into central and outer (marine) portions with analyses carried out on the marine growth section of both life‐history stages and the central portion for the adult scales. Muscle and scale δ13C and δ15N signatures were assessed (1) to determine whether a linear relationship exists between tissue types, (2) to determine if a constant offset exists between tissue signatures across all life‐history stages, and (3) to evaluate whether underplating imparts a significant bias to life‐history scale segments that would preclude their use in retrospective analyses of any ontogenetic dietary changes between life‐history stages. Significant correlations were found to exist between muscle and scale stable isotope signatures obtained from smolts (δ13C and δ15N) and adults (δ15N). Both the muscle and the scale signatures captured the dietary shift associated with the transition from freshwater to the marine environment. Post‐smolt and adult scales were depleted relative to muscle tissue, which may be attributed to isotopic differences in amino acid composition between muscle and scale tissues. The results suggest that scales may better represent dietary carbon sources because they are not influenced by lipid dynamics. The scale, however, appears less responsive to short‐term shifts in diet relative to muscle and, therefore, must be used only to infer seasonally integrated dietary patterns for slow‐growing life‐history stages. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Availability of 15N from pioneer herbaceous plants to pine seedlings in reclaimed burnt soils
Authors: González‐Prieto S. J. , Villar M. C. , Carballas T. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractA pot experiment was used to assess N uptake by pine seedlings during 2 years on a burnt soil to which was added 15N‐labelled ryegrass, obtained from a 15N‐enriched sample of this soil after a fire. The nitrogen concentration in needles, stems and roots of seedlings decreased significantly from the first to the second growing period (from 2.55, 1.30 and 2.19% to 1.19, 0.47 and 1.00%, respectively), with needles accounting for 53–58% of the pine‐N. At the end of the experiment, 98.87 ± 1.12% of the added ryegrass‐15N was recovered: two‐thirds in the soil organic N pool and one‐third in the pine seedlings. Therefore, the post‐fire pulse of inorganic‐N, which was successfully kept in the burnt soil‐plant system through its uptake by the pioneer species, is available for trees in the medium term. Pine seedlings assimilated 16.4% and 16.9% of the added ryegrass‐15N in the first and second year, respectively. This result contrasts with the usual yearly decrease of added N uptake by plants; a possible explanation is the transient increase of available N in burnt soils that would have modified the mineralization pattern of the 15N‐labelled phytomass. The pine‐N derived from the ryegrass‐N decreased from 4.05% in the first year to 2.53% in the second one, with 3.10% being the 2‐year weighed average. In addition to the direct contribution of ryegrass to pine‐N nutrition reflected by these figures, the rapid post‐fire establishment of a herbaceous cover on the burnt soil also provides important indirect benefits for tree nutrition by reducing organic‐ and inorganic‐N losses. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Carbon isotope effects of DDTs in carrot during the digestion process using an in vitro test
Authors: Yu Yingxin , Lu Min , Jia Wanglu , Van de Wiele Tom , Han Shuyuan , Zhang Dongping , Wu Minghong , Sheng Guoying , Fu Jiamo 
Published: August 2008

AbstractCompound‐specific carbon isotope ratio analysis is a promising tool to assess the origins and fates of organic contaminants in many fields. The present study aims to investigate the isotope effects of dichloro‐diphenyl‐trichloroethane (DDT) and its degradates in carrots during digestion processes simulating the human gastrointestinal tract. To accurately interpret isotopic data obtained for unreleased DDTs (p,p‐DDT, p,p‐DDD and p,p‐DDE) from carrots during digestion, spiked carrots with known δ13C values of DDTs were incubated in simulated gastric and intestinal solutions using a static in vitro model of the human gut. The δ13C values and concentrations of DDTs remaining in the carrot and in the digestive solutions were measured. The difference in the δ13C values of the added DDTs and the matrix‐bound DDTs after digestion was always <0.50‰, which is within the technical specification of the analytical system, although the released DDTs increased or decreased under the digestion conditions. The study demonstrated that there were no significant carbon isotopic fractionations during digestion. To our knowledge, this is the first report demonstrating the isotope effect of organic compounds during stomach and small intestine digestion, and the first reported isotope analyses of DDTs. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Robust discrete‐time H∞ filtering with uncertain initial state
Authors: Foo Y. K. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractWe consider the problem of finite‐horizon discrete‐time H∞ filtering with uncertain initial state condition and establish the relationship between the conventional γ‐performance bound and a recently proposed performance measure. A sub‐optimal but more efficient approach to computing the filter for the new performance measure is also derived. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ultrasonographic anatomy of perineal structures during pregnancy and immediately following obstetric injury
Authors: Örnö A.‐K. , Maršál K. , Herbst A. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractObjectivesTo assess perineal anatomy using ultrasound before and immediately after delivery.MethodsStructures in the perineum were studied by real‐time two‐dimensional transvaginal and endoanal ultrasound imaging using a combined linear and semicircular (up to 200° sector) probe. We examined 45 nulliparous pregnant women and 44 primiparae immediately after delivery (40 with anal sphincter tears and four without sphincter injury). In each case a single longitudinal image was later assessed by two observers in order to evaluate interobserver agreement.ResultsIn pregnancy, the perineal membrane, puboperineal muscles, conjoined longitudinal muscle and central point were identified on real‐time examination in 91%, 98%, 100% and 100% of cases, respectively. At offline evaluation of the longitudinal images obtained for each of the pregnant women, the percentage of cases in which each structure was identified by both observers ranged from 64% to 100%. In the women who were examined postpartum, all structures were identified by both observers in all four of the women without sphincter injury. In the women with sphincter tears, the perineal membrane, puboperineal muscles, conjoined longitudinal muscle and central point were found by ultrasound to be intact in 10%, 10%, 55% and 18%, respectively. The agreement between two observers regarding identification of intact structures in a single longitudinal image was good for perineal membrane (kappa index, 0.66), fair for puboperineal muscles (kappa index, 0.40), and poor for conjoined longitudinal muscle and central point (kappa index, 0.08 and 0.17, respectively).ConclusionsUltrasonography might be helpful in the evaluation of perineal anatomy and extent of perineal tears. However, the relatively poor agreement between the two observers evaluating single linear transvaginal images implies that both transverse and longitudinal projections are necessary to obtain relevant information. Further studies are needed regarding the importance of specific sonographically identified structures and their role in pelvic floor dysfunction after delivery. Copyright © 2008 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Screening for trisomy 18 by maternal age, fetal nuchal translucency, free β‐human chorionic gonadotropin and pregnancy‐associated plasma protein‐A
Authors: Kagan K. O. , Wright D. , Maiz N. , Pandeva I. , Nicolaides K. H. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractObjectivesTo derive a model and examine the performance of first‐trimester screening for trisomy 18 by maternal age, fetal nuchal translucency (NT) thickness, and maternal serum free β‐human chorionic gonadotropin (β‐hCG) and pregnancy‐associated plasma protein‐A (PAPP‐A).MethodsProspective combined screening for trisomy 21 was performed at 11 + 0 to 13 + 6 weeks in 56 893 singleton pregnancies, including 56 376 cases of euploid fetuses, 395 with trisomy 21 and 122 with trisomy 18. The measured free β‐hCG and PAPP‐A were converted into a multiple of the median (MoM) and then into likelihood ratios (LR). Similarly, the measured NT was transformed into LRs using the mixture model of NT distributions. In each case the LRs for NT and the biochemical markers were multiplied by the age and gestation‐related risk to derive the risk for trisomy 21 and trisomy 18. Detection rates (DRs) and false‐positive rates (FPRs) were calculated by taking the proportions with risks above a given risk threshold.ResultsIn screening with the algorithm for trisomy 21, at a FPR of 3%, the estimated DRs of trisomies 21 and 18 were 89% and 82%, respectively. The use of an algorithm for trisomy 18 identified 93% of affected fetuses at a FPR of 0.2%. When the algorithm for trisomy 21 was used and screen positivity was fixed at a FPR of 3%, and in addition the algorithm for trisomy 18 was used and screen positivity was fixed at a FPR of 0.2%, the overall FPR was 3.1% and the DRs of trisomies 21 and 18 were 90% and 97%, respectively.ConclusionsA beneficial side effect of first‐trimester combined screening for trisomy 21 is the detection of a high proportion of fetuses with trisomy 18. If an algorithm for trisomy 18 in addition to the one for trisomy 21 is used, more than 95% of trisomy 18 fetuses can be detected with a minor increase of 0.1% in the overall FPR. Copyright © 2008 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prenatal diagnosis of partial lumbar asoma by two‐ and three‐dimensional ultrasound and computed tomography: embryological aspects and perinatal management
Authors: Huissoud C. , Bisch C. , Charrin K. , Rudigoz R.‐C. , Guibaud L. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractAsoma is an unusual type of hemivertebra distinct from lateral hemivertebra in its underlying mechanisms, its rarity, its often isolated nature and the high risk of it causing medullary compression. We report a case of isolated partial agenesis of a vertebral body (asoma) diagnosed at 23 weeks' gestation by ultrasonography, in a fetus showing hyperkyphosis with vertebral canal disruption. The diagnosis was established using ultrasound and computed tomography, which allowed measurement of the angle of kyphosis and helped in the determination of the postnatal orthopedic prognosis. In our patient, prenatal diagnosis of asoma facilitated optimization of postnatal management and reduced the neonate's risk of developing paralysis. The main anatomical parameters in the determination of the orthopedic risk are the level of the anomaly, the angle of kyphosis and the degree of vertebral canal disruption. Copyright © 2008 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of the effect of machine settings on quantitative three‐dimensional power Doppler angiography: an in‐vitro flow phantom experiment
Authors: Raine‐Fenning N. J. , Nordin N. M. , Ramnarine K. V. , Campbell B. K. , Clewes J. S. , Perkins A. , Johnson I. R. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractObjectivesThree‐dimensional (3D) ultrasound is being used increasingly to acquire and subsequently quantify power Doppler data within the clinical setting. One proprietary software package calculates three 3D vascular indices: the vascularization index (VI), the flow index (FI), and the vascularization flow index (VFI). Our aim was to evaluate how different settings affect the Doppler signal in terms of its quantification by these three indices within a 3D dataset.MethodsA computer‐driven ‘flow phantom’ was used to continuously pump a nylon particle‐based blood mimic (Orgasol™) around a closed system through a C‐flex™ tube embedded in an agar‐based tissue mimic. The test tanks were insonated with a modified 3D transvaginal 4–8‐MHz ultrasound transducer (V530D) and power Doppler data were acquired over a series of different settings. Each experiment involved the manipulation of just one Doppler setting in order to study it in isolation.ResultsAs expected, all of the power Doppler settings, when altered, were found to effect significant changes (P < 0.05) in the VI, FI and VFI. The gain and signal power had the greatest effect, producing no Doppler signals at the lowest settings and the highest recordable indices at the maximum settings. The pulse repetition frequency (PRF) was the next most influential setting but a Doppler signal was seen and measurable at all of the different settings. The other Doppler settings had a much less profound effect on the vascular indices, with subtle but significantly different measures across the full range of settings. The speed of data acquisition was also found to affect the vascular indices, all of which were reduced when the fast mode was used although the only significant effect was on the VFI.ConclusionsThe VI, FI and VFI are all affected significantly by variations in power Doppler settings and by the speed of acquisition. The gain and signal power have the greatest effect on the power Doppler signal, followed closely by the PRF. The other settings and speed of acquisition also influence the signal, but to a much lesser degree. It is essential to maintain Doppler settings if any meaningful comparisons are to be made within and between subjects. Copyright © 2008 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of cervical mucus aspiration before intrauterine insemination
Authors: Simsek Erhan , Haydardedeoglu Bulent , Hacivelioglu Servet Ozden , Cok Tayfun , Parlakgumus Ayse , Bagis Tayfun 
Published: August 2008

AbstractObjectiveTo determine whether cervical mucus aspiration before intrauterine insemination (IUI) has any effect on clinical pregnancy rates.MethodThe outcomes of 186 IUI cycles in 95 consecutive patients in whom mucus was aspired prior to IUI were compared retrospectively with those of 1057 IUI cycles in 505 women.ResultsThe pregnancy rate was 15.1% (28 pregnancies for 186 cycles) in the cervical mucus aspiration group and 9.9% (105 pregnancies for 1057 cycles) in the control group (P = 0.05). Mucus aspiration led to significantly increased pregnancy rates for women with unexplained infertility (24% in the aspiration group vs 9.5% in the control group; P = 0.04).ConclusionCervical mucus aspiration before IUI might improve clinical pregnancy rates by yet‐to‐be‐defined mechanisms.
Manometric evaluation of anal sphincter function after vaginal and cesarean delivery
Authors: Yilmaz Ercan , Nas Tuncay , Korucuoglu Umit , Guler Ismail 
Published: August 2008

AbstractObjectiveTo compare anal sphincter function following spontaneous vaginal delivery and cesarean delivery, and assess the association of perineal length and sphincter injury with each delivery mode.MethodPerineal length was measured and anal manometric measurements were performed in 120 primigravidas before and after delivery.ResultsMean values for maximum anal resting and squeeze pressures were significantly lower after delivery irrespective of the mode of delivery, but there was a positive correlation between postpartum maximum anal resting pressure and perineal length (r = 0.24, P < 0.01).ConclusionAnal sphincter function was disturbed after both vaginal and cesarean delivery, a finding weakened by the fact that almost half of the cesareans were performed for cephalopelvic disproportion identified during labor.
GabiPD: The GABI Primary Database - a plant integrative ‘omics’ database
Authors: Riaño-Pachón Diego Mauricio , Nagel Axel , Neigenfind Jost , Wagner Robert , Basekow Rico , Weber Elke , Mueller-Roeber Bernd , Diehl Svenja , Kersten Birgit 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe GABI Primary Database, GabiPD (http://www.gabipd.org/), was established in the frame of the German initiative for Genome Analysis of the Plant Biological System (GABI). The goal of GabiPD is to collect, integrate, analyse and visualise primary information from GABI projects. GabiPD constitutes a repository and analysis platform for a wide array of heterogeneous data from high-throughput experiments in several plant species. Data from different ‘omics’ fronts are incorporated (i.e., genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics), originating from 14 different model or crop species. We have developed the concept of GreenCards for text based retrieval of all data types in GabiPD (e.g., clones, genes, mutant lines). All data types point to a central Gene GreenCard, where gene information is integrated from genome projects or NCBI UniGene sets. The centralised Gene GreenCard allows visualising ESTs aligned to annotated transcripts as well as displaying identified protein domains and gene structure. Moreover GabiPD makes available interactive genetic maps from potato and barley, and 2DE-gels from Arabidopsis thaliana and Brassica napus. Gene expression and metabolic profiling data can be visualised through MapManWeb. By the integration of complex data in a framework of existing knowledge, GabiPD provides new insights and allows for new interpretations of the data.