bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dietary Treatment of PKU Using A Low‐Phenylalanine Peptide Milk
Authors: Owada Misao , Abe Motoko , Tanimoto Masashi , Minato Motoyuki , Kitagawa Teruo , Katayama Sumio 
Published: October 2007

AbstractA method of preparation of low phenylalanine (Phe) peptide fomiula for phenyketonuria (PKU) and the long term therapeutic effects of the milk in 6 PKU infants and one adult female patient aged 24 who wanted to become pregnant, are described. Low phenylalanine peptides (LPP) were prepared from whey protein. After hydrolysis by pronase (actinase), the hydrdysate was passed through a charcoal column to remove aromatic amino acids, and the free amino acids and salts were removed by passing through RD membranes to obtain LPP. Together with vegetable oils, lactose, dextrin, vitamins and minerals, as well as a small amount of amino acid mixture, low phenylalanine milk was madexs by freeze‐drying UP. The product (LPP milk), which does not have the bad taste and odor peculiar to amino acids, was administered to seven patients with PKU for one to three years. There were no differences between the LPP formula and conventional formulae collsisting of amino acids formula (AA formula), in reducing serum Phe levels in PKU patients. There were no adverse effects in patients who received LPP formula. UP formula can be used not only as milk, but also as an ingredient to make more palatable foods of low Phe content.
Significance of Fibrin/ Fibrinogen Related Antigen in Glomeruli in Children with IgA Nephropathy
Authors: Kamitsuji Hidekazu , Sakamoto Shinya , Matsunaga Kenji , Taira Kouji , Kawahara Shingo , Nakajima Mitsuru 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe relationship between the deposition of fibrin/fibrinogen related antigen (FRA) and morphologic findings in glomeruli was investigated in 59 children with IgA nephropathy. After treatment of renal biopsy sections with monochloroacetic acid (MCA) solution, MCA‐insoluble FRA, suggesting cross‐linked fibrin, was observed within the capillary walls, the mesangium and/or the sclerotic area in children with severe proliferative lesions, such as segmental sclerosis, capsular adhesions or crescent formation. Mesangial deposits of FRA were confined to electron‐dense deposits, and the MCA‐soluble FRA did not seem to be closely related to glomerular damage. FRA deposits within crescents may consist of MCA‐soluble FRA.
Clinical Course and Prognosis of Childhood Epilepsy
Authors: Oka Eiji , Yamatogi Yasuko , Ohtsuka Yoko , Ohtahara Shunsuke 
Published: October 2007

AbstractRemarkable progress has been accomplished in epileptology in recent years. The remission rate in childhood epilepsy has been improved by the introduction of new technologies and better diagnostic as well as therapeutic methods. Investigation of prognosis is an important field of epileptology, because prognostic improvement reflects its overall progress, A long‐term follow‐up study of childhood epilepsy was undertaken in the Okayama University Hospital. Ten to 15 years of follow‐up was possible in 730 of 1,295 patients who were first diagnosed at ages below 15 years, from 1968 to 1971. The 3‐year remission rate amounted to 82.0% and 5‐year remission was obtained in 79.1%. These high rates of remission indicate the favorable prognosis of childhood epilepsy. On the other hand, cases of intractable epilepsy also amounted to a considerable number. Intractable epilepsy consisted mainly of agedependent epileptic encephalopathy (Ohtahara's syndrome, West syndrome and Len‐nox‐Gastaut syndrome) and severe myoclonic epilepsy in infancy. Development of effective therapy for these intractable epileptic syndromes will be an important subject of future studies.
Screening System for Asymptomatic Renal Disease in Children in Japan
Authors: Sakai Tadasu , Kitagawa Teruo 
Published: October 2007

The introduction in Japan of routine urinalysis for pre‐school and school age children has greatly facilitated the discovery of renal disease in asymptomatic children. Over the past 8 years at Kitasato University Hospital, we have studied 113 cases of chronic progressive renal disease based on renal biopsy.Thirty‐one of these 113 patients were found by routine urinalysis at area schools. It is noteworthy that many of the asymptomatic children were found to have renal diseases such as MPGN, FGS, and IgA nephropathy.Although it is difficult to decide whether or not medical management is required for asymptomatic children, the histological findings may give pertinent guidance for planning an appropriate therapeutic program in the early stages of various types of renal disease. This early detection may enable us to observe these potentially progressive renal diseases from the early phase and to provide clues for the investigation of the pathogenesis of these renal diseases.
Balloon Valvuloplasty for Congenital Aortic Valve Stenosis in an Infant and Children
Authors: Saiki Kuninobu , Kato Hirohisa , Suzuki Kazushige , Inoue Osamu , Toyoda On , Takagi Junichi , Sato Noboru , Ohara Nobutoshi , Akagi Teiji , Ishii Masahiro , Miyake Takumi , Sugimura Tetsu , Maeno Yasuki , Hashino Kanoko , Fukuda Tsuyoshi 
Published: October 2007

Percutaneous balloon aortic valvuloplasty (BAV) was performed in 14 patients, including one critically ill infant with congenital valvular aortic stenosis (AS). BAV was effective in 13 patients (except the infant). The peak systolic pressure gradient between the left ventricle (LV) and the ascending aorta decreased from 76.6 ± 21.6 to 29.5 ± 15.3 mmHg (P < 0.001). Follow‐up cardiac catheterization was performed for eight patients between 1 and 3 years (1.6 ± 1.1 years) after BAV. Restenosis was found in only one patient, and the efficacy of BAV continued significantly. Aortic regurgitation developed or increased in severity in 5 of 13 children immediately after BAV. Any other severe complication was not observed.Dilatation by BAV was not sufficient for the infant with critical AS, and acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in the lateral wall of the LV occurred during the BAV procedure. The infant died 3 days after the procedure due to AMI.It was concluded that the retrograde double balloon technique was superior to the retrograde single balloon technique. In two cases, the single balloon technique was ineffective because it was impossible to fix the balloon at the aortic annulus. However, the double balloon technique was effective in every patient.BAV is effective for AS in children, and an optional repeat trial may enable BAV to be the first choice for AS. Although BAV may be effective for neonates and infants with critical AS as an emergency treatment, much attention must be paid during the procedure.
Salbutamol or mist in acute bronchiolitis
Authors: Can Demet , İNan GÜLten , Yendur GÜRol , Oral Resmiye , GÜNay İLker 
Published: October 2007

Abstract Background: The role of bronchodilators in the treatment of bronchiolitis remains controversial.
Methods
: A double‐blind, placebo controlled trial was performed to evaluate the clinical response to nebulized salbutamol. One hundred and fifty‐six infants aged between 7 weeks and 24 months who had had an episode of wheezing and other signs and symptoms of bronchiolitis were randomized to three groups as follows: (i) nebulized salbutamol was administered to 52 patients in group I at a dose of 0.15 mg/kg in 2 mL saline; (ii) saline was nebulized to 52 patients in group II and (iii) in group III 52 patients received mist in a tent. All three groups were administered oxygen during the procedures. Treatment was repeated with the same agent after 30 min if the respiratory score was 5 or more. Respiratory rate, heart rate, oxygen saturation and presence of cyanosis, wheezing, retractions were recorded before and after each treatment.
Results
: The decrease in the respiratory score was 5.2 ± 1.8, 0.82 ± 2.4 and 1.7 ± 1.3 in group I, II and III, respectively. The decrease in group I was significantly higher than in the other groups. Heart rate was similar between groups. Oxygen saturation decreased in group I without reaching statistical significance. Conclusions: Salbutamol was shown to be effective and safe in the treatment of acute bronchiolitis.
Diagnosis of bacterial enteric infections in children in Zambia
Authors: Nakano Takashi , Kamiya Hitoshi , Matsubayashi Nobuyuki , Watanabe Masahiro , Sakurai Minoru , Honda Takeshi 
Published: October 2007

Abstract Background: The bacterial pathogens commonly responsible for diarrhea in children under the age of 5 in Zambia were identified and the most effective methods of diagnosis of such infections in laboratories with limited resources, such as those in developing countries, are recommended. Methods: Stool samples were collected from children under the age of 5 years who visited the Diarrhoea Training Unit (DTU) of Zambia University Teaching Hospital in Lusaka, Zambia, between May 1992 and May 1993. A total of 639 children were evaluated for the presence of bacterial infection using standard culture media. The prevalence of bacterial pathogens was compared with that reported from other developing countries Results: Pathogenic strains of Escherichia coli were isolated from 95 (14.9%) children, Shigella species from 65 (10.2%) children, and Vibrio cholerae from 21 (3.3%) children. The presence of visible blood in the feces was an early indicator of the presence of shigellosis.
Conclusions: E. coli, Shigella
species and Vibrio cholerae were the major causes of bacterial diarrhea in the Zambian children studied. Research is required to determine the prevalence of such enteropathogenic strains. The use of adequate diagnostic procedures is indispensable to appropriate management. The recommendations have been prepared as a manual for the identification of enteropathogenic bacteria to be used in laboratories with limited resources, such as in developing countries.
An autopsy case of fetal Gaucher disease
Authors: Adachi Yasushi , Kobayashi Yasutsugu , Ida Hiroyuki , Yasumizu Ryouji , Okamura Akiharu , Kayatani Hiroshi , Teranishi Nirou , Inaba Muneo , Sugihara Akira , Genba Hisae , Eto YoshiKatsu , Ikehara Susumu 
Published: October 2007

Abstract Background: A case of fetal form of Gaucher disease in a Japanese fetus is presented. Results: A macerated baby showing hydrops fetalis was dissected at 29 weeks of gestation. The fetus was heavier in the body, liver and spleen than a normal fetus at the same gestation period. It also suffered from pericardial effusion and ascites. The diagnosis of Gaucher disease was made by histological and biochemical findings. In microscopical examinations ‘Gaucher cells’, which were periodic acid‐Shiff (PAS)‐positive, alcian blue‐positive and CD68‐positive. existed in the lungs, liver, spleen, thymus, adrenal glands, bone mafrow and brain. In thin layer chromatography, a large quantity of glucocerebroside was seen to have accumulated in the patient's organs.
Yolk sac tumor with a unique uniform hepatoid pattern histology
Authors: Konno Akihiro , Kudo Miho , Ichihara Tsuyoshi , Yamagami Masahiko , Horita Seiki , Ohama Kazunori , Taketa Kazuhisa , Koizumi Shoichi 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
Background:
Yolk sac tumors (YST) exhibit several different histological subtypes and the mechanisms of cellular differentiation and prognosis of each subtype remain unknown.
Results:
We report two infants with sacrococcygeal YST; one represented a typical histological subtype and the other showed a hepatoid subtype with uniform histology. The isoform of alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP) in the patient with the hepatoid pattern was examined by lectin‐affinity Immunoelectrophoresis and represented as a YST. but not hepatocellular, subtype. The patient with typical YST responded well to VAB‐6 combination chemotherapy. However, this regimen was only partially effective to the patient with the pure hepatoid histological subtype, and an etoposide with ifosfamide and cisplatin (VIP) regimen as a salvage chemotherapy combined with complete tumor resection was useful to achieve complete remission (CR). Both of the patients have been in CR for more than four years.
Rural Organization of Australian Stroke Teams: Emergency Department project
Authors: Wright A. , McGrail M. , Disler P. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractBackground:  Many junior doctors have poor stroke assessment skills. Although major efforts have gone in to changing the attitudes of clinicians to stroke through the development of guidelines and implementation strategies, the most important step may be to make sure that medical schools include appropriate teaching of this important topic in their curricula. The Rural Organization of Australian Stroke Teams Emergency Department (ROASTED) project sought to determine the effectiveness of a practical intervention to improve the assessment and education of stroke knowledge among our junior emergency department doctors.Methods:  We used a prospective before and after study of two separate cohorts (intervention vs no intervention) to assess the stroke knowledge of our junior emergency department doctors and to test the effectiveness of an educational intervention. The project took place at five sites in rural Victoria in November 2006. Both cohorts undertook the same two validated quizzes 1 month apart. At the intervention sites two 1‐h tutorials were conducted between the quizzes and participants were encouraged to use a web‐based educational tool.Results:  Pre‐project stroke knowledge was shown to be poor at all of the participating sites. At the sites where no intervention took place no improvement in knowledge was shown (z = 0.83, P = 0.41, two‐sided Mann–Whitney U‐test). The median score for quiz 1 was 8.1 (41%, interquartile range (IQR) 6.5–9.4) and for quiz 2, 7.2 (36%, IQR 5.1–9.3). At the intervention sites, participants significantly improved their stroke knowledge between quiz 1 and quiz 2 (z= 4.75, P < 0.001). The median score for quiz 1 in this cohort was 8.3 (42%, IQR 6.5–10.0) and for quiz 2, 12.8 (64%, IQR 12.0–14.8).Conclusion:  This project showed that junior doctors have an inadequate knowledge of stroke and that among our junior emergency department doctors there is a need for the ROASTED intervention and other innovative educational measures.
Improvement in door‐to‐balloon times in management of acute ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction STEMI through the initiation of ‘Code AMI’
Authors: Ahmar W. , Quarin T. , Ajani A. , Kennedy M. , Grigg L. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractBackground:  ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) mandates rapid percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for optimal outcomes. The aim of this study was to assess our hospital practice for managing acute STEMI, identify processes associated with time delays, instrument changes to our acute STEMI management protocol and assess their effectiveness for improving our door‐to‐balloon time.Methods:  We aimed to achieve this through the establishment of a quality improvement programme involving the cardiology and emergency departments. We analysed consecutive patients presenting with STEMI (April to September 2005 (group A) and the corresponding period in 2006 (group B), and compared patients presenting ‘in hours’ (0700 hours to 1800 hours (Monday to Friday)) versus ‘out of hours’ (all other times including public holidays).Results:  In group A, 38 patients presented with a STEMI. Assessing time‐to‐treatment analysis, the median door to balloon time for primary PCI was significantly greater for ‘out of hours’ than ‘in hours’ (120 vs 67 min). The greatest time delay to PCI was from the PCI decision time to catheter laboratory arrival. Local changes were implemented to improve ‘out of hours’ times, including initiation of ‘Code AMI’. There were 59 patients in group B. We found that our changes led to a 29% improvement in ‘out of hours’ door‐to‐balloon time (median time 82 min, P = 0.005) with 69% being managed ≤90 min (P = 0.049) (group B).Conclusion:  We have shown that ongoing review through a quality improvement programme improves door‐to‐balloon times, which is integral in the optimal management of patients with acute STEMI treated with primary PCI.
Study of the adjustment of the Ambu laryngeal mask under magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: MONCLUS ENRIC , GARCÉS ANTONIO , DE JOSE MARIA BELEN , ARTÉS DAVID , MABROCK MAGED 
Published: October 2007

SummaryBackground:  Our aim in this study was to analyze the adjustment of the laryngeal mask, Ambu AuraOnce, in pediatric patients during magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and to look for a correlation between clinical parameters such as the sealing pressure and the ease of introduction with radiological parameters.Methods:  One‐hundred and twenty‐one pediatric patients from 4 months to 17 years who required a cranial MRI for other reasons were enrolled in the study. General anesthesia was induced with sevofluorane and no relaxant was used. Insertion attempts, sealing pressure, desaturation episodes and maintenance of anesthesia were recorded. Spontaneous ventilation was maintained throughout all procedures and no episodes of desaturation below 95% were seen. Patients without cough or pharyngeal pain were discharged after 1 h. Data were classified into three groups according to the size of the used laryngeal mask (group 1 for laryngeal mask number 1½; group 2 for laryngeal mask number 2, and group 3 for laryngeal mask number 2½). Sagittal MRI cuts were reviewed to calculate neck flexion, laryngeal mask position and its relationship with the trachea.Results:  First‐attempt introduction rate of the laryngeal mask was 96%, and it was 100% after a second attempt. Sealing pressure was 22.1 ± 4.15 mmHg for group 1, 22.23 ± 3.94 for group 2, and 23.83 ± 3.28 for group 3. The angles between the laryngeal mask and the four first cervical vertebrae were calculated (group 1, 33.65 ± 8.05; group 2, 28.09 ± 6.65; group 3, 25.79 ± 4.26). Distances between trachea and proximal and distal cuffs were measured to evaluate proper fitting of the laryngeal mask. Anomalous placement seen on MRI, using distances from proximal and distal cuff to trachea, occurred in 23.5% in group 1, 10.9% in group 2, and 13.8% in group 3. We found no correlation between this anomalous position of the laryngeal mask and sealing pressure or ease of introduction.Conclusions:  The Ambu AuraOnce can be regarded as a safe product for airway maintenance in pediatric patients. No relationship was found between radiological measurements and sealing pressures.
THE ROLE OF HONG KONG IN SINO‐TAIWAN AND SINO‐KOREA TRADE, 1981‐87
Authors: Wong Teresa Y.C. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractSino‐Taiwan and Sino‐Korea trade through Hong Kong has been growing steadily since early 1980's. Direct trade is impossible because of the lack of diplomatic relations between China and Taiwan and China and S. Korea, Thus, an intermediary is essential to carry out the transactions. Then, there is the issue of why Hong Kong is chosen as the major intermediary. This relates to the transportation costs and transaction costs advantages that Hong Kong possesses as an entrepot. As the major intermediary in Sino‐Taiwan and Sino‐Korea trade, Hong Kong is playing multiple roles. It is serving as an entrepot in commodity trade; as an agent in the export of technology from Taiwan and S. Korea to China; as a mediator in trade disputes; and as the middle‐man in some trade related issues such as the application of patent protection and the establishment of trade offices. Above all it is observed that Hong Kong has major roles to play not only in the case of indirect trade, but also in the case of direct trade. In the future, there might not be much chance for the legalization of direct trade. Nevertheless, the recent change in the trade and investment policies of Taiwan and S. Korea has shown that the future prospect of indirect trade is very bright.
The Market Shares of Small and Medium Scale Enterprises in Taiwan Manufacturing
Authors: Hu Ming‐Wen , Schive Chi 
Published: October 2007

Small and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs) have played an important role in many countries’ industrial development. Among these countries, Taiwan is well known for the outstanding performance of its SMEs. Limited knowledge about the causes of such performance has been revealed gradually. The main purpose of this study is to explore the determinants of SMEs’ market shares in Taiwan’s manufacturing sector. According to economics literature, economies of scale determine the market share of SMEs. The usual explanation given is that economies of scale create barriers against SMEs entering the market and competing efficiently with larger firms. It is also said that the strong entrepreneurial drive to have a self‐owned business is a crucial explanation for the creation of new businesses, usually as offshoots from a small one. Finally, such factors such as an even‐handed policy scheme, the availability of technology in relation to R&D, transaction costs, and so forth, are also important for creating a favourable environment for SMEs.Applying cross‐industry pooling data from 1976 to 1986, the market shares of SMEs in Taiwan’s manufacturing sector were found to be affected by the following factors: (1) SMEs’ performance related to labour productivity and their willingness to set up new enterprises; (2) institutional factors including low entry barriers, suitable technology, the adoption of a subcontract system, and prosperous export markets. The empirical findings are compared with those from studies of the US and Germany.
Manufacturing Models of Biomedical Objects via CAD/CAM and GKS
Authors: Reumann K. , Giebel G. , Mildenstein K. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractPicture generating methods like tomography have drastically improved the possibility for the conception of biomedical objects in living humans. They have proved to be of major significance in surgical planning. Computer Aided Design (CAD) methods based on tomography are in the research phase for the three‐dimensional reconstruction and display using computer graphics for even better visualization. We provide a method beyond that by manufacturing physical three‐dimensional models via the Graphical Kernel System (GKS) and Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM) methods. This kind of method is very well suited for visualization in some application areas. Moreover it yields physical models which can be manipulated in the preoperative phase. Lastly a physical bone model can be a substitute for the original object.
A Functional Approach to Animation
Authors: Arya Kavi 
Published: October 2007

AbstractWe investigate the benefits of using a functional language to reason about and to implement animation. Since animation concerns pictures changing over time, we consider the manipulation of movies or picture sequences. A compact set of primitive operations over movies is introduced and its use as the basis for an animation system is illustrated. The notion of the behaviour of an animated character is formalised and we show how simple behaviours may be combined to create more complex behaviours. We then show how higher‐order functions allow us to construct a variety of useful tools which lead to a highly concise functional script.
Dialogue Cell Resource Model and Basic Dialogue Cells
Authors: Schouten H.J. , Ten Hagen P.J.W. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractA model for the handling of resources used in interactive programs, with emphasis on the input device part, is developed. Its connection to the I/O pair model and its usage in the dialogue cell system is described.The definition and properties of basic dialogue cells are given. A method for constructing a basic cell library is presented. A number of results from the application of the resource model on a basic cell library is shown.
Two Parallel Methods for Polygon Clipping
Authors: Theoharis Theoharis , Page Ian 
Published: October 2007

AbstractA control parallel and a novel data parallel implementation of the Sutherland‐Hodgman polygon clipping algorithm are presented. The two implementations are based on the INMOS transputer and the AMT Distributed Array Processor respectively; both of these machines are general purpose parallel processors. Performance Figures are reported and implications for further work are discussed.