bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validation of academic motivation scale among medical students using factor analysis and structural equation modeling
Authors: Al Ansari Ahmed Mohammed , Kumar Archana Prabu , AlSaleh Aseel Fuad Fahad , Arekat Mona Rushdi Khalil , Deifalla Abdelhalim 
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:
Demanding careers like medicine requires a lot of motivation and the Academic Motivation Scale (AMS) developed by Vallerand et al. (1992) is an instrument to measure motivation. This study evaluated the validity and reliability of AMS among medical students in the Middle East.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This was a methodological research utilizing a convenient sampling technique. AMS scale comprising 28 items subdivided into seven subscales was administered to 900 students (281 students returned the filled AMS). Data were analyzed using the descriptive statistics, one-way ANOVA, and t-tests. Exploratory factor analysis and Cronbach's alpha were used to evaluate the validity and reliability of the scale, respectively.

RESULTS:
There was a statistically significant difference between both genders in overall scores (P = 0.015*), two subscales, namely “Identified Regulation” (P =0.017*) and “Stimulating Experience” (P = 0.015*), with females showing higher value. Second-year students (n = 91) had significantly higher score (10.9 ± 4.1) for “Amotivation” (P =.001*) and first-year students (n = 48) had significantly higher score (16.2 ± 3.0) for “Achievement” subscale (P =.014*). P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant with 95% confidence interval. No statistically significant difference was observed between the groups based on nationality or age. Bartlett's test of sphericity was significant (Chi-square: 2988.010; df = 278; P < 0.001). Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin was 0.890. Principal component analysis with varimax rotation extracted seven factors corresponding to the original items of AMS questionnaire. All subscales correlated positively except “amotivation.” Structural equation modeling revealed the relation between observed and unobserved variables.

DISCUSSION:
This study demonstrated that AMS is valid and reliable for application among Middle East medical students, without needing any modification. AMS has widespread application in medical education as it impacts learning outcomes.

CONCLUSION:
This study demonstrated that AMS is valid and reliable for application among the Middle East students without needing any modification.
Designing a comprehensive clinical competency test for operating room technology student
Authors: Yazdimoghaddam Hamideh , Samadipour Ezat , Ghardashi Fatemeh , Borzoee Fateme , Akbarzadeh Roya , Zardosht Roghayeh , Hesari Mohammad Hosseinzadeh , Khalili Sedigheh 
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:
The ultimate goal in educating medical students is to train skilled workforce who by obtaining the required knowledge of the discipline, personal and professional skills, and attitudes to enter the national health-care system. This study was conducted with the goal of designing a comprehensive clinical competency test of operating room technology student using the Delphi technique, and then, the clinical skills of the operating room technology students of the paramedical school were assessed using the CIPP evaluation model.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
The present study was conducted in the University of Medical Sciences to evaluate clinical skills with Delphi technique and CIPP evaluation model. This was a mixed methods study. Purposive sampling method was employed in the qualitative stage, and a census was conducted in the quantitative part. A comprehensive clinical competency test was designed in this research using the Delphi technique and was conducted with 18 students. Then, clinical skills evaluation was performed by descriptive-analytical statistical tests and evaluator's observation using the CIPP model.

RESULTS:
The comprehensive clinical competencies test of the surgical technology students was designed in four sections: content, evaluation method, test conditions, and the criteria for passing the comprehensive test. The results in the implementation stage showed that the operating room technology students had a range of excellent to weak performances in exhibiting basic skills at different levels.

CONCLUSIONS:
The results of the present study showed that the comprehensive test, designed based on the Delphi technique of experts, and using the CIPP model can be a good criterion for the evaluation of the operating room technology students before entering the clerkship.
Dose-dependent efficacy of antioxidant nanoparticles on red blood cells storage
Authors: Barzegar Saeid , Rezvani Mohammad Reza , Safa Majid , Amani Amir , Abbaspour Alireza , Pourfathollah Aliakbar , Hashemi Javad , Zaker Farhad 
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:
Transfusion of healthy red blood cells (RBCs) after storage is important. One of the storage lesions on blood bags is oxidative stress. One way to prevent increased oxidative stress is to use antioxidant nanoparticles (NPs). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) play an important role in antioxidant defense on RBC. poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) is a nontoxic biodegradable polymer that is approved by the Food and Drug Administration for drug delivery. This study aimed to assess dose-dependent efficacy of SOD-CAT-polyethylene glycol -PLGA on RBCs storage.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
Using a descriptive study, during 1 month, twenty donors from Bojnourd Blood Donation Center were selected. NPs with different concentrations were injected into the satellite bags after directing blood to them. On target days, experiments were performed on the samples taken. Electrospray was employed to prepare SOD-CAT-PLGA NPs. Twenty packed RBCs were isolated from the whole blood bags by the mechanical method, and certain amount of product was transferred to the satellite bags. On days 1, 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35, bags were sampled. Malondialdehyde (MDA), prooxidant-antioxidant balance (PAB), and Annexin V were performed on the samples taken. The repeated measures analysis with the help of SPSS software version 20 was performed on samples.

RESULTS:
MDA increased in both groups. The maximum increase in test group was seen in concentration 12 mg (MDA Day 14, test [1.93 ± 0.3], [P MDA < 0.001]). Maximum increase in PAB was seen in concentration 12 mg (from 444 ± 1.7 to 563 ± 2.5) (P PAB = 0.000). Furthermore, PS expression increased in the concentration of 12 mg greater than other concentration in consecutive (from 5.00 ± 0.8 to 22.26 ± 1.7, [P < 0.001]).

CONCLUSION:
Evaluation of dose dependency showed that different concentrations of antioxidant NPs affect RBC. This effect can be changed oxidative stress and apoptosis. Using both changes to evaluate functional and toxicity can be helpful.
Survey COVID-19 among the homeless residents of Isin camp in Bandar Abbas in South of Iran
Authors: Fini Elham Ahmadizadeh , Asadian Ali , Sotoudeh Ahmad , Hadadian Mohammad , Zakeri Abdoljabar , Dadras Masoud 
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:
One way to reduce the burden of early detection of COVID-19 disease is in vulnerable and high-risk groups. The aim of this study was to diagnose and evaluate the disease in the homeless in Southern Iran Bandar Abbas.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
The target group of this study was 234 homeless people. Census sampling included all homeless residents of Isin camp Bandar Abbas. People were individually examined, and their information was recorded. COVID-19 sampling was done for all as outpatients this year.

RESULTS:
Eight percent of people were able to answer the questions of awareness about symptoms, ways of transmission, and ways of prevention of COVID-19 disease. Nine percent of the homeless people in the target group stated that they used to wash their hands before settling in the camp. Six percent of homeless people stated that they used face masks before settling in the camp. Fifteen participants showed similar symptoms to COVID-19, yet their test result was negative. However, six people who were asymptomatic ended up afflicted. The mean duration of time (since the emergence of symptoms to the sampling date) was 3 days. The minimum duration of time from the emergence of symptoms to the sampling date was 3 h, and the maximum time was 7 days.

CONCLUSION:
Considering the spread of the disease, certain social measures need to be taken in society to help take care of these people and transfer them from streets to safe places and provide for their essentials. Diagnostic tests should be done periodically among these people at regular intervals.
Effects of dust events and meteorological elements on stroke morbidity in northern Khuzestan, Iran
Authors: Sadeghimoghaddam Ali , Khankeh Hamidreza , Norozi Mehdi , Fateh Shahrokh , Farrokhi Mehrdad 
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:
In recent years, the prevalence of dust events has increased in the region and the world. According to the Meteorological Organization, the most frequent days with dust events are on stations located in Khuzestan province. Objective: Assessment of the effects of dust events and meteorological elements on stroke morbidity in health in Iran: a health promotion approach.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
The present study was a retrospective cohort study 2020 and 2013 provided between based on ecological data-based on population. Information about patients with stroke was obtained from the hospital. Information on the dust events and meteorological elements was also from the data center of the Meteorological Organization of Iran. Using STATA the correlation between the diseases and the, 14 statistical software version occurrence of dust events and changes in meteorological elements was obtained and the statistical model (Spearman correlation coefficient) individually estigate the equation was used inv modified by Poisson regression simultaneous effect of variables.

RESULTS:
the results of adjusted statistical models show that increasing the severity of dust event increases the risk of stroke in males (lag 0–21 confidence interval [CI] 95% = 1.496–1.0067 relative risk [RR] = 1.03 P = 0.01). Increasing the average wind speed also increases the risk of stroke in males (lag 0–3 CI 95% = 1.0491–0.9996 RR = 1.02 P = 0.05). Increased rainfall and average relative humidity increase the risk of stroke in people under 60 years (lag 0–7 CI 95% = 1.0012–0.9058 RR = 1.95 P = 0.05). Increasing the average daily temperature reduces the risk of stroke in males (lag 0–3 CI 95% = 0.9874–0.9254 RR = 0.51 P < 0.001).

CONCLUSION:
Increasing the intensity of dust storms along with meteorological elements has increased the risk of stroke. However, increasing the average temperature has had a protective effect on the risk of stroke.
The relationship between frailty syndrome and self-care ability in the elderly with heart failure
Authors: Nakhjiri Leila Zahed , Darvishpour Azar , Pourghane Parand , Chaboki Bahareh Gholami 
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:
Identification of frailty syndrome in patients with heart failure can affect the process of the disease and their ability to self-care. Considering the lack of a study on the relationship between frailty syndrome and self-care ability in the elderly with heart failure in the Guilan province, the North of Iran, this study was conducted to determine the relationship between fertility syndrome and self-care ability in these patients.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
The present cross-sectional correlational study was conducted in 2020. Research settings were the CCU and post CCU wards in the East Guilan public hospitals. The sample size was 125 people who were selected by the convenience sampling method. The research tools include; Self-Care Heart Failure Index and Tilburg Frailty Index Questionnaires. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 20 using descriptive and inferential statistics with a significance level of 0.05.

RESULTS:
The results showed that the mean score of frailty syndrome in the elderly with heart failure was 5.44 ± 2.47. In addition, the mean score of self-care in the elderly with heart failure was 67.16 ± 10.96. There was a significant and negative correlation between frailty syndrome and the ability to care in the elderly with heart failure (P < 0.001, r = −0.358).

CONCLUSIONS:
According to the results, the elderly with fragility syndrome cannot take good care of themselves. This indicates that in the management of heart failure, the assessment of frailty syndrome as a care/treatment goal in the care programs of these patients should be considered.
The effect of training program of health promotion behaviors on geriatric general health components
Authors: Kheirabadi Gholamreza , Shirani Mehrnoosh , Keshvari Mahrokh , Sharifirad Gholamreza , Bahrami Mahboobe 
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:
Increasing in elderly's population and their individual and social problems especially mental health problem in this group need special attention. The aim of this study was evaluation of health promotion behaviors training program efficacy on general health components in elderlies referring to health centers in Isfahan city.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This study was a tri phasic field trial in 2014 in which 72 elderlies allocated randomly in two case and control groups. Case group participated in 9 training sessions on stress management and interpersonal relationships and the control group participated in 2 sessions with a neutral discussion content. Data collection tools were demographic information questionnaire and general health questionnaire 28. Pretest, posttest, and 2-month follow-up were performed in two groups. Data were analyzed by t-test, analysis of variance with repeated measurement, least significant difference post hoc test, and SPSS 20 software.

RESULTS:
Findings of this study showed that the average of general health score in case and control groups had not significant difference before the intervention (P > 0.05). However, the mean difference of general health score after intervention and 2-month follow-up was statistically significant in two groups (P < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS:
This study showed that interpersonal relationship and stress management training program are effective on promotion of mental health in elderlies. Hence, the findings of this study can be used in the field of treatment and care of the elderly by other health-care categories.
Healthy ageing
Authors: Zainab Saima , Khoso Aneeta , Siddiqui Maryam , Ashraf Kiran , Mumtaz Muhammad Anees , Awan Manahil 
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:
The growth in the elderly population is predicted to expand exponentially and developing countries like Pakistan have about two-third of the global elderly population. It is vital to maintain the health of the elderly aged population to reduce disabilities and health-care cost.

AIM:
This study aimed to determine the health promotion practices among the older aged population in Pakistan and to explore the factors associate with adopting healthy lifestyle practices.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This was a cross-sectional study spanning from 2019 to 2020 conducted on 317 participants of age more than 60 years in Pakistan. The participants included healthy attendants of patients visiting the outpatient clinics of different disciplines in the Liaquat National Hospital Karachi through purposive sampling technique. The health-promoting practices were assessed using Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile II Questionnaire. The factors that determined the healthy practices among the elderly population were identified using independent t-test and analysis of variance and Tukey test, with a significance level of P < 0.05. IBM SPSS Statistics 22 was used for data entry and analysis.

RESULTS:
The highest subscale was detected from interpersonal relationships and spiritual growth. The lowest score was detected from physical activity. The scores differed significantly by occupation, education, and the marital status of the participants. Females, unmarried people, those who were less educated, and participants relying on others for financial support had lower health-promoting lifestyle scores.

CONCLUSION:
The overall health-promoting practices were good among the old-aged population of Pakistan. These practices differed particularly for physical activity, spiritual growth, and interpersonal relationships.
Strategic purchasing and the performance of health-care systems in upper middle income countries
Authors: Hadian Marziye , Mazaheri Elaheh , Jabbari Alireza 
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:
Providing financial resources for health services is one of the most important issues in the study of health systems, of which purchasing health services is very essential. The World Health Organization considers strategic purchasing as a key option for improving the performance of health systems. The aim of this study was to identify payment methods for service providers and strategic purchasing strategies in upper middle income countries.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
The present study was conducted in the form of a comparative analysis involving comprehensive surveys from 2000 to 2019, by searching keywords for the objective of the study by the search engines through databases including ProQuest, PubMed, Google Scholar, Irandoc, SID, Magiran, Science Direct, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, EBSCO, and Cochrane.

RESULTS:
A total of five upper middle income countries that used strategic purchases entered the study. Overall, all of them implemented rather similar strategies in terms of strategic purchasing and paying to the providers of the services.

CONCLUSION:
According to the results of this study, per capita payment for primary health-care and outpatient services seems to be the best option for controlling the costs of the health sector, while the appropriate option for the inpatient department is the most common use of diagnosis-related group. The payment method is to control the costs of the inpatient department.
An application of Career Decision Self-Efficacy Scale – Short Form among Vietnamese medical students
Authors: Phan Luyen Thi , Leksansern Arisara 
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:
Choosing the right career can be one of the most crucial decisions in one's life. Nevertheless, career decisions are filled with uncertainty and daunting challenges. Therefore, finding ways to assist students to better understand and cope with these difficult career decisions is a worthy topic of research. This research was aimed to examine the career decision-making self-efficacy of medical students’ using a version of the Career Decision Self–Efficacy Scale–Short Form (CDSES-SF) that was translated and adapted with permission to the Vietnamese context.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
A descriptive study was carried out at Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy with a total number of 326 questionnaires distributed to freshmen students and 314 questionnaires collected back. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was used to finalize the structure of the Vietnamese Career Decision Self-Efficacy Scale– Short Form (VCDSES-SF).

RESULTS:
EFA resulted in the five named factors or subscales of the VCDSES-SF with 23 items: Occupational Information and Planning (7 items), Self-Assessment and Career Readiness (6 items), Confidence to Change Careers (3 items), Fit My Lifestyle and Interests (4 items), and Goal Selection (3 items).

CONCLUSIONS:
A number of empirical studies undertaken in various cultural contexts have found different models of career decision-making self-efficacy measurement. The present study found that although the VCDSES-SF is somewhat different than the original CDSES-SF, the resultant measure is a reliable and effective tool that can be used within the Vietnamese context.
A descriptive cross-sectional study on COVID-19 knowledge, attitude, and practices of South Indian population
Authors: Patan Shakeer Kahn , Chittem Sravana Deepthi , Madithati Pallavi , Narapureddy Bayapa Reddy , Chittooru Chandra Sekhar , Reddy Lingala Kalyan Viswanath , Gular Kumar 
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:
The 2019-novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) started as an epidemic later transformed into a pandemic causing a threat to public health globally. Any community to fight the COVID-19 pandemic requires adequate knowledge, attitude of the people, and practice of the government-imposed laws and regulations. Based on these factors, we framed the objectives to find the sociodemographic profile of the study group and to assess their knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) toward COVID-19. These results will help the health planners and administrators in each state to find out the gap in health education efforts.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted on South Indian population to know KAP toward COVID-19. A convenient sampling technique was used to collect the data using Google forms, and analysis was done using the SPSS software version 21. The questionnaire includes sociodemographic information, KAP questions toward COVID-19, and perception toward national and community responses.

RESULTS:
A total of 1644 were participated; the average knowledge score was 17.5 (+1.9). Most of them (92.9%) respondent's perceived that early detection will have a better outcome from COVID-19, whereas the knowledge compared with practice, there is a significant difference Pearson correlation (0.404) P is < 0.001.

CONCLUSIONS:
Although a high level of knowledge on COVID-19 in the public gradually decreasing the practice of preventive measures, the government should continue the consistent efforts to change the behavioral communication and motivate the public social responsibility to adhere to the health protocols, masking, hand hygiene, social distancing, and vaccination to prevent expected COVID-19 subsequent episodes.
Effectiveness of flipped classroom model in teaching histology for first-year MBBS students based on competency-based blended learning
Authors: Aristotle Sharmila , Subramanian Sundarapandian , Jayakumar Saikarthik 
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:
With recent changes in the curriculum of bachelor of medicine and bachelor of surgery (MBBS) course to meet the global trends and to fulfill the standards expected from an Indian medical graduate, introduction of newer teaching methodologies becomes mandatory. The usage of flipped classroom (FCR) in medical education has always been rewarding. This study was to evaluate the effectiveness of FCR as a teaching method in comparison with traditional lectures in histology sessions in Sri Ramaswamy Memorial (SRM) Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This interventional study was conducted among the 1st year MBBS students in SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Centre for a period of 1 year (2018–2019 academic year). The histology sessions were taught using both traditional lectures and FCR methodology. Pre- and posttests were conducted for each traditional and FCR session with ten multiple-choice questions pertaining to that topic. Students' performance was assessed by paired t-test (for pre- and posttest comparisons) and independent t-test (for traditional and FCR posttest mark comparison) using SPSS software version 26. A feedback survey based on Likert scale was also conducted on the students and was analyzed. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

RESULTS:
Posttest marks had statistically significantly improved when compared to pretest marks (P < 0.0001) in both traditional and FCR teaching methods. Comparison of posttest marks showed statistically significantly higher marks in FCR when compared to traditional teaching (P < 0.0001). Similarly, students’ feedback survey showed that FCR benefitted the students in achieving the competency required.

CONCLUSION:
FCR methodology of teaching histology had a very impressive outcome and the students' perception was very positive.