bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of multi‐layered‐gate electrode workfunction engineered recessed channel (MLGEWE‐RC) sub‐50 nm MOSFET: A novel design
Authors: Chaujar Rishu , Kaur Ravneet , Saxena Manoj , Gupta Mridula , Gupta R. S. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractIn this paper, a two‐dimensional (2D) analytical sub‐threshold model for a novel sub‐50 nm multi‐layered‐gate electrode workfunction engineered recessed channel (MLGEWE‐RC) MOSFET is presented and investigated using ATLAS device simulator to counteract the large gate leakage current and increased standby power consumption that arise due to continued scaling of SiO2‐based gate dielectrics. The model includes the evaluation of surface potential, electric field along the channel, threshold voltage, drain‐induced barrier lowering, sub‐threshold drain current and sub‐threshold swing. Results reveal that MLGEWE‐RC MOSFET design exhibits significant enhancement in terms of improved hot carrier effect immunity, carrier transport efficiency and reduced short channel effects proving its efficacy for high‐speed integration circuits and analog design. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ultrafast dynamics and photochemistry of π–π* excited trans‐azobenzene—a comprehensive analysis of resonance Raman intensities
Authors: Chowdary P. D. , Umapathy S. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractAzobenzene and its derivatives have widely been recognized as systems with potential applications such as optical switching elements, and the mechanism of trans‐cis photoisomerization, which is the basis for all these applications, has long been sought. The long‐standing controversy on the relaxation mechanism of π–π* (S2) excited trans‐azobenzene (TAB) is addressed in this paper. The role of S1S2 intersection and the possible involvement of a third state in the S2 photochemistry are investigated. The excited state structure and dynamics of TAB are extracted by modeling the Raman excitation profiles (REPs) of the S1 and S2 states and the absorption spectrum of TAB by Heller's time‐dependent formalism. The REPs of S2 are modeled in the single resonant state approximation by explicitly including the eight most Franck–Condon (FC) active modes. The obtained NN and CN bond lengths of S2 and the intial dynamics in these coordinates following photoexcitation to S2 are in agreement with recent theoretical calculations. The structural parameters of S1 are obtained by exploiting the nature of interference in the REPs of S1. From these parameters a three‐mode–two‐state vibronic coupling model, based on harmonic diabatic potentials and linear coupling, is formulated to study the S2S1 internal conversion dynamics. The results indicate that the S1S2 intersection is not directly accessible within electronic dephasing time of S2 to cause significant population decay from S2 to S1. The current conception of π–π* relaxation mechanisms in TAB is reviewed and revised on the basis of our observations and also from recently reported results of time‐resolved and theoretical studies. The role of a third state (S3), which appears to be an integral part of in the relaxation mechanism of S2, is pointed out and the feasibility of two competing relaxation pathways for S2 state is identified. One is the direct rotationless S2S1(C2h) internal conversion and the other is S2S3 internal conversion along rotational pathway followed by a branching of the S3 population to S0 and S1. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Coherent acoustic phonons in a thin gold film probed by femtosecond surface plasmon resonance
Authors: Yamaguchi Shoichi , Tahara Tahei 
Published: October 2008

AbstractWe report on coherent phonon detection in a thin gold film by a new femtosecond pump‐probe surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technique. Acoustic coherent phonons are generated impulsively in the gold film on a prism, and they are detected in the time domain through the reflectivity modulation for probe pulses that satisfy the SPR condition. We observed not only the fundamental vibration of a longitudinal acoustic phonon but also the overtones up to the fourth. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Direct visual evidence for the chemical mechanism of surface‐enhanced resonance Raman scattering via charge transfer
Authors: Sun Mengtao , Liu Shasha , Chen Maodu , Xu Hongxing 
Published: October 2008

AbstractWe describe the chemical and electromagnetic enhancements of surface‐enhanced resonance Raman scattering (SERRS) for the pyridine molecule absorbed on silver clusters, in which different incident wavelength regions are dominated by different enhancement mechanisms. Through visualization we theoretically investigate the charge transfer (CT) between the molecule and the metal cluster, and the charge redistribution (CR) within the metal on the electronic intracluster collective oscillation excitation (EICOE). The CT between the metal and the molecule in the molecule–metal complex is considered as an evidence for chemical enhancement to SERRS. CR within the metal on EICOE is considered as an evidence for the electromagnetic enhancement by collective plasmons. For the incident wavelength from 300 to 1000 nm, the visualized method of charge difference density can classify the different wavelength regions for chemical and electromagnetic enhancement, which are consistent with the formal fragmented experimental studies. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Study on the applied limitation of the micro‐crystal model for Raman spectra of nano‐crystalline semiconductors
Authors: Zhang S. L. , Wu S. N. , Yan Y. , Hu T. , Zhao J. , Song Y. , Qu Q. , Ding W. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe limitation in sample size and the choice in parameters for the application of the micro‐crystal (MC) model have been tested and discussed. The testing was performed through the fitting of calculated Raman spectra by using the MC model with the observed Raman spectra for nearly uniform‐sized nano‐crystalline (NC)‐Si of smaller than 2 nm. The results showed that the good fittings could not be obtained, if the phonon dispersion curves ω(q) and Raman linewidths Γ of bulk‐crystals (BCs) were used, i.e. if the bulk‐like approximation (BLA) was used in the fitting. Moreover, an analysis of the fitting results indicates that when the size of NC‐Si is smaller than about 4 nm, the MC model based on –BLA will be invalid. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Femtosecond Raman‐induced Kerr effect spectroscopy
Authors: Shim Sangdeok , Mathies Richard A. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractWe report the development of a new vibrational technique called Femtosecond Raman‐Induced Kerr Effect Spectroscopy (FRIKES). This technique combines a narrow‐bandwidth picosecond Raman pump pulse with a broadband femtosecond probe pulse to produce high‐resolution Raman‐induced Kerr effect spectra spanning a large vibrational range. Because it is a polarization detection technique, FRIKES produces background‐free Raman spectra with high signal‐to‐noise and rapid acquisition times. The practicality of FRIKES is demonstrated by obtaining Raman spectra of common solvents, revealing that its performance is comparable to femtosecond stimulated Raman spectroscopy (FSRS). The capabilities of FRIKES will make it a valuable new vibrational spectroscopic tool for studies of chemical and biological systems, especially once it is extended to time‐resolved studies. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preferential interactions in the formamide/ tetrahydrofuran/dioxane system: a study by Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Alves Wagner A. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractSignificant changes observed in the Raman spectra of formamide (FA)–tetrahydrofuran (THF)–dioxane (DX) mixtures have been interpreted in terms of preferential interactions. The Gutmann's donor (DN) and acceptor (AN) number values of these solvents give a good interpretation for the differences observed. In the ternary system, THF behaves as a stronger base than DX and the band at ∼442 cm−1, recently assigned to the FA–DX adduct is only observed at the highest FA concentration. Quantitative analyses performed at the C (FA) and CO (THF) stretching regions show that the extent of the association for the [FA]n adduct is significantly larger than for the FATHF adduct. Electrostatic parameters, such as dipole moment and dielectric constant, are also regarded as a better interpretation of these associations. The good correlation between DN and electrostatic parameters indicates that the basic strength increases in the order DX < THF < FA. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Silver nanoparticles synthesized by direct photoreduction of metal salts. Application in surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Sato‐Berrú Roberto , Redón Rocío , Vázquez‐Olmos América , Saniger José M. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractA simple synthesis method of silver nanoparticles and its application as an active surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) colloid are presented in this work. The photoreduction of AgNO3 in presence of sodium citrate (NaCit) was carried out by irradiation with different light sources (UV, white, blue, cyan, green, and orange) at room temperature. The evaluation of silver nanoparticles obtained as a function of irradiation time (1–24 h) and light source was followed by UV‐visible absorption spectroscopy. This light‐modification process results in a colloid with distinctive optical properties that can be related to the size and shape of the particles. The Ag colloids, as prepared, were employed as active colloids in SERS. Pyridine and caffeine were used as test molecules. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A third evaluation of tertiary cytoreduction
Authors: Gultekin Murat , Velipaşaoğlu Melih , Aksan Guldeniz , Dursun Polat , Dogan Nasuh Utku , Yuce Kunter , Ayhan Ali 
Published: October 2008

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the impact of tertiary cytoreductive surgery (TCS) on patient survival and to determine predictors of optimal TCS.MethodsTwenty patients with recurrent epithelial ovarian carcinoma who had TCS at Hacettepe University Hospital during 1992–2004 were retrospectively reviewed.ResultsTertiary cytoreductive attempt was successful (optimal defined as <2 cm residual) in 12 patients and suboptimal in the remaining eight patients. Seven patients had no macroscopic residual, five patients had <2 cm gross residual and remaining 8 patients had ≥2 cm gross residual disease. Of these alive patients, 10 patients were alive with metastatic disease and only three patients were alive without any evidence of disease. Three patients had operative morbidity (15%), all of which were mild‐moderate degree. Multivariate analysis could not differentiate a unique significant factor to have a possible predictor effect of optimal TCS. Multivariate survival analysis also could not differentiate any factor to have significant effect upon patient survival, neither the outcomes of primary, secondary or tertiary cytoreductive surgeries nor the usage of preoperative or postoperative chemotherapies.ConclusionTCS may not be helpful for patient survival. Neither of the clinical factors predicted an optimal TCS. Further larger series are needed for a definite conclusion. J. Surg. Oncol. 2008;98:530–534. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prognostic relevance of androgen receptor detection in operable breast cancer
Authors: Søiland Håvard , Kørner Hartwig , Skaland Ivar , Janssen Emiel A.M. , Gudlaugsson Einar , Varhaug Jan Erik , Baak Jan P.A. , Søreide Jon Arne 
Published: October 2008

AbstractBackground and objectivesAndrogen receptor (AR) is relevant for prognostication in breast cancer. Different determination methods and cut‐off levels hamper interpretation and comparisons of studies. Long‐term prognostic evaluation of different AR assays in patients comprising operable breast cancers is scarce.MethodsAR was evaluated in 120 primary tumors using the dextran‐coated charcoal method (charc‐AR), and quantitative immunohistochemistry (IHC) on whole sections (WS) and tissue microarrays (TMA). Nuclear and cytoplasmic‐AR localization was determined, and the prognostic importance of AR assays was assessed. Comparisons and correlations with the mitotic activity index (MAI), estrogen receptor (ERα), progesterone receptor (PR), HER‐2, and histological grade (WHO I–III) were made.ResultsNuclear‐AR in WS, but not charc‐AR, strongly correlated with MAI (P = 0.001). However, prognostic information appeared in univariate survival analyses only. Nuclear‐AR in TMA was not prognostic. Charc‐AR was independent prognostic in node positives both for relapse free survival (RFS) and breast cancer specific survival (BCSS). Both charc‐AR and IHC cytoplasmic‐AR provided independent prognostic survival information for BCSS in women <55 years.ConclusionMethods that can detect AR localized in the cytoplasm yield important prognostic information, and further studies in patients with operable breast cancer are warranted. J. Surg. Oncol. 2008;98:551–558. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A simplified technique of free flap pedicle transfer for reconstruction of defects following head and neck cancer ablation
Authors: Sharan Rajeev , Sharma Mohit , Vijayaraghavan Sundeep , Sasidharan P.R. , Kuriakose Moni Abraham , Iyer Subramania 
Published: October 2008

AbstractFree flaps are being widely used for reconstruction of defects following head and neck cancer ablation. The pedicle of the flap is usually tunneled into the neck wound for anastomosis to the neck vessels. This transfer of the pedicle can be technically difficult to execute and associated with difficulties of torsion and kinking. No effective method has been so far reported to make this procedure easy and safe. A very easy and effective method for the pedicle transfer is described in this report, which has been practiced successfully in our head and neck service in more than 175 free flaps. J. Surg. Oncol. 2009;99:80–81. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Contiguous invasion per se does not affect prognosis in colon cancer
Authors: Oh Seung Yeop , Kim Young Bae , Paek Ok Joo , Suh Kwang Wook 
Published: October 2008

AbstractBackgroundLocally advanced colon cancer can result in serious clinical conditions unless treated appropriately. The aim of this study was to examine the feasibility of en bloc resection and the significance of depth of invasion by analyzing the outcomes of the procedure in colon cancer invading adjacent organs.MethodsOutcomes of 65 locally advanced colon cancer patients who underwent en bloc resections for contiguous invasion were compared with 285 pT3 colon cancer patients.ResultsEn bloc combined resection was performed in 75 patients and 10 (13.3%) of them showed no true malignant infiltration into adjacent organs. In both pT3 and pT4 groups, there was no significant difference in major postoperative complications or mortality. The survival rate of pT4 group was similar to that of pT3 group (5‐year rate, 64.0% vs. 72.7%; P = 0.287). In multivariate analysis, lymph node metastasis, lymphovascular infiltration, and perineural invasion were independently associated with patient survival.ConclusionsThe prognosis of colon cancer, even in locally advanced cases, is mainly correlated with nodal status rather than depth of invasion. Therefore, en bloc combined resection in locally advanced colon cancer invading adjacent organs can improve survival as well as local control with acceptable morbidity and mortality. J. Surg. Oncol. 2009;99:71–74. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Diagnostic accuracy of T and N stages with endoscopy, stomach protocol CT, and endoscopic ultrasonography in early gastric cancer
Authors: Ahn Hye Seong , Lee Hyuk‐Joon , Yoo Moon‐Won , Kim Sang Gyun , Im Jong Pil , Kim Se Hyung , Kim Woo Ho , Lee Kuhn Uk , Yang Han‐Kwang 
Published: October 2008

AbstractBackgroundPreoperative accurate diagnosis of the T and N stages in early gastric cancer (EGC) is important in determining the application of various limited treatments. The aim of this study is to analyze the accuracy of T and N staging of EGC with esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD), Stomach protocol CT (S‐CT), and endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS), and the factors influencing the accuracy.MethodsFour hundred and thirty‐four patients preoperatively diagnosed as EGC using EGD or S‐CT and undergoing curative gastrectomy at Seoul National University Hospital in 2005 were included. The T and N stage reviewed by experienced personnel were compared with the surgical pathology.ResultsThe predictive values for EGC of EGD, S‐CT, and EUS were 87.4%, 92.2%, and 94.1%, respectively. The predictive values for node negativity of S‐CT, and EUS were 90.1% and 92.6%, respectively. The factors leading to underestimation of T stage with EGD were the upper third location, the size greater than 2 cm, and diffuse type of tumor. Those with S‐CT were female sex, the upper third location and lesion size greater than 2 cm.ConclusionsBefore applying limited treatment for EGC, a surgeon should consider the risk factors of underestimation of T stage with EGD or S‐CT. J. Surg. Oncol. 2009;99:20–27. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Motivational compatibility and the role of anticipated feelings in positively valenced persuasive message framing
Authors: Yi Sunghwan , Baumgartner Hans 
Published: October 2008

AbstractPrevious research on message framing has focused on the effect of overall valence on persuasion, since most studies compare positively versus negatively valenced frames that are anchored by the same end‐state. Unlike previous studies, this paper investigates the role of end‐states, or outcome focus, in message framing by using two positively valenced, factually equivalent message frames that are anchored by opposing end‐states: the presence of gain (P/G) frame versus the absence of loss (A/L) frame. It is proposed that anticipated feelings and persuasion are greater when the end‐state of the message frame is motivationally compatible with a consumer's regulatory focus, either chronic or situational. The major hypothesis is that the P/G frame leads to the anticipation of more intense positive feelings and subsequently produces greater persuasion when promotion focus versus prevention focus is salient, whereas the opposite holds for the A/L frame. Furthermore, it is proposed that the effect of motivational compatibility on persuasion is mediated by the anticipation of positive feelings. These hypotheses are generally supported in two experiments. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sales promotion strategies and belief in luck
Authors: Prendergast Gerard P. , Thompson Edmund R. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe effect of buyer belief in good luck on the propensity to select a sales promotion strategy involving a lucky draw (e.g., sweepstakes) is investigated using a sample of 699 individuals in Hong Kong. Using subscales from Darke and Freedman's (1997b) Belief in Good Luck Scale, it is found that a belief in being personally lucky is associated with selecting a lucky draw over other sales promotions options, but that a general belief in the phenomenon of luck is not. Moreover, it is found that perceived utility of the lucky‐draw prize is consistently associated with the option to select a lucky draw over other sales promotion strategies. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Need for cognitive closure and information search strategy
Authors: Choi Jong An , Koo Minkyung , Choi Incheol , Auh Seigyoung 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe authors investigated whether need for cognitive closure (NFCC) affected one's style of information search (attribute‐based search vs. alternative‐based search) in consumer choice. There has been growing interest in NFCC in marketing and its relationship to consumer information processing. However, no study to date has examined the different information search strategies that consumers employ when they (1) possess different levels of NFCC or (2) are exposed to situations that evoke more or less NFCC. Across two studies where Study 1 measured NFCC while Study 2 manipulated NFCC, the authors commonly found that higher NFCC compared to lower NFCC resulted in (1) a greater preference for the attribute‐based search over the alternative‐based search and (2) a consideration of a smaller amount of information to make a final choice. Implications for consumer information processing and sales strategies are discussed along with future research directions. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Release of DEFB126 from macaque sperm and completion of capacitation are triggered by conditions that simulate periovulatory oviductal fluid
Authors: Tollner Theodore L. , VandeVoort Catherine A. , Yudin Ashley I. , Treece Cathy A. , Overstreet James W. , Cherr Gary N. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractCapacitation of macaque sperm in vitro has been achieved efficiently only with the addition of both cyclic nucleotides and methylxanthines. The use of these exogenous sperm activators clouds an understanding of the normal mechanisms underlying capacitation and may slow early embryo development following in vitro fertilization (IVF). We demonstrate that culture medium which simulates periovulatory oviductal fluid with respect to bicarbonate (HCO3−) and glucose concentration induces capacitation in a high percentage of macaque sperm as determined by the ability of sperm to undergo both the release of coating protein DEFB126 and the zona pellucida‐induced acrosome reaction (AR). Few sperm were able to undergo the AR following 6 hr incubation in medium containing either 35 mM HCO3− (∼7.2 pH) or 90 mM HCO3− (∼pH 7.8) with 5 mM glucose. When glucose concentration was lowered to 0.5 mM to match levels reported for women at midcycle, the AR rate increased significantly in sperm incubated in both levels of HCO3−, indicating that glucose interferes with sperm responsiveness to increasing HCO3− concentration observed in the primate oviduct during ovulation. Even greater synchronization of capacitation could be achieved with nonphysiologic extremes of alkalinity or energy substrate deprivation. In the latter case, sperm achieved high rates of IVF. A shift in pH from 7.2 to 7.8 in a HEPES‐buffered medium was sufficient to remove DEFB126 from the surface of most sperm after only 3 hr. The loss of DEFB126 from sperm under periovulaory fluid conditions has implications for the timing of release of sperm from the oviductal reservoir. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 76: 431–443, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Acid peptidase activity released from in vitro produced porcine embryos: A candidate marker to predict developmental competence
Authors: Telugu Bhanu Prakash V.L. , Spate Lee , Prather Randall S. , Green Jonathan A. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe ability to efficiently create high quality embryos, competent to produce normal viable offspring in vitro, facilitates diverse technological advancements in animal agriculture and assisted reproduction. Current methods for evaluation of embryos are predominantly based on morphological characteristics which are prone to potential bias of the scorer. Metabolic and genetic markers have also been explored for quality assessment, but they are cost prohibitive or require longer periods of time for evaluation. We hypothesized that secreted enzymes could provide another means of embryo quality assessment. In this report, we provide evidence that medium conditioned by porcine embryos often has proteolytic activity that operates in acidic conditions (acid peptidase activity or APA). The APA could be inhibited by pepstatin A, suggesting that the activity is derived from one or more aspartic peptidases. We also provide evidence that single embryos, incubated for as few as 24 hr, released enough APA that it was possible to measure it accurately at day 5 of culture. We also observed that such activity on day 6 could be positively correlated with advanced developmental stage and embryo quality. In addition, those embryos that were graded identically by morphological evaluations often differed in the amount of APA—with some being significantly higher than the experimental threshold value. Therefore, the APA of embryos might serve as an additional marker for evaluation of embryos. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 76: 417–428, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.