bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Body size values of white and black women
Authors: Allan Janet D. , Mayo Kelly , Michel Yvonne 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe purpose of this naturalistic study was to compare values held by 36 white and 31 black women related to body size, and to identily factors that influence these values and linkages between body size values and weight management activities. Black women of lower SES were significantly different from black women of higher SES and white women, regardless of SES, in that they were heavier, viewed themselves as heavier, and perceived attractive body size as heavier. Black lower status women had to become a great deal heavier than the other groups before they defined themselves as overweight. We suggest that black lower social status women have a wider range of “normal” and attractive body size and that this wider range is developed from comparisons of other women in their social milieu and influences the initiation of weight loss activities. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Factors associated with use of safer sex practices among college freshmen
Authors: Diiorio Colleen , Parsons Margaret , Lehr Sally , Adame Daniel , Carlone Joyce 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe purpose of this exploratory study was to examine the relationship of knowledge of AIDS, misconceptions about AIDS, knowledge of safer sex practices, perceived susceptibility, and future time perspective to the practice of safer sex behaviors in 352 single, sexually active, college freshmen. Data were analyzed using stepwise multiple regression analysis and discriminant analysis. There were too few black females for analysis. Future time perspective explained the most variance in safer sex practices for black males. Knowledge of AIDS, perceived susceptibility, misconceptions about AIDS, knowledge of safer sex practices, and future time perspective did not explain a significant amount of variance in use of safer sex practices for either white males or females. However, perceived susceptibility and future time perspective differentiated sexually active from nonsexually active white males and females. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Empirical evidence for the social stress model of substance abuse
Authors: Lindenberg Cathy Strachan , Gendrop Sylvia C. , Reiskin Helen K. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe Social Stress Model of Substance Abuse builds upon and integrates knowledge from numerous psychosocial theories and models. According to this model, the likelihood of an individual engaging in drug abuse is a function of the stress level and the extent to which it is offset by stress modifiers such as social networks, social competence, and resources. This article synthesizes current empirical evidence for this model. Thirty‐five primary research studies are described, with special attention to the four psychosocial constructs inherent in the model: stress, social networks, social competence, and resources. Consistencies and inconsistencies in the findings, a critique of key methodological issues, and suggestions for future research are provided. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Current nursing practice related to sexuality
Authors: Matocha Linda K. , Waterhouse Julie K. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractNurses' practices related to sexuality were examined using the Survey on Sexuality in Nursing Practice (SSNP). The sample consisted of 155 practicing, registered nurses from a variety of practice settings. Twenty percent of subjects indicated they were never involved in any sexuality‐related activities and only about 12% addressed sexuality with a majority of their clients. Although subjects consistently identified sexuality as a necessary part of nursing practice, few addressed sexual concerns with clients. Weighted least squares analysis of 12 variables revealed that only those variables measuring practice setting and area, nurses' knowledge, responsibility, and comfort were useful predictors of nurses' practice related to sexuality. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Computer‐assisted qualitative research
Authors: Taft Lois B. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe use of computer technology has emerged as a significant component in qualitative research methodology. This article differentiates between mechanical and conceptual activities in qualitative analysis and discusses the interplay between them. Advantages of computer technology in the mechanical activities of data management and concerns about the use of computer programs in conceptual/analytic activities are discussed. Guidelines for the judicious application of computers in qualitative research are outlined. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Sum‐of‐products variables: A methodological critique
Authors: Lauver Diane , Knapp Thomas R. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractSum‐of‐products variables are integral to testing certain psychological theories (e. g., the theory of reasoned action). A sum‐of‐products variable is a total score computed by multiplying the scores for corresponding items from two scales and then adding the products. This type of variable is associated with methodological difficulties, however. The purpose of this article is to discuss certain methodological issues associated with the use of sum‐of‐products variables in health‐related research. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Editorial
Authors: Oberst Marilyn T. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe quality of a random sample of newly submitted manuscript abstracts (N = 50) was reviewed using content analysis to determine adherence to published criteria in relation to content, style, and length. One or more content elements (purpose, subjects, method, results, conclusions) were found to be missing from 32% of the submissions; recommended length was exceeded in 54% of cases. Inaccuracies (16%), obscure language or undefined acronyms (68%), and lack of match with manuscript content (20%) also were found. These findings are congruent with the hypothesis that guidelines are not consistently followed by authors and suggest that abstract preparation may not be adequately taught in research courses.
Predictors of health‐promoting lifestyles in persons with disabilities
Authors: Stuifbergen Alexa K. , Becker Heather A. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractPersons with disabilities have been largely overlooked in investigations of health and health behaviors. The primary purpose of this descriptive correlational study was to examine the usefulness of Pender's (1987) Health Promotion Model in explaining the occurrence of health‐promoting behaviors among adults with disabilities. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses were used to analyze questionnaire responses from a sample of 117 adults with disabilities. Adults with disabilities were more likely to engage in a health‐promoting lifestyle if they had higher specific self‐efficacy for health behaviors, higher general self‐efficacy, a wellness‐oriented definition of health, required less mechanical assistance, and were female. Findings from this study suggest that interventions aimed at enhancing health promotion behaviors among persons with disabilities would be strengthened by addressing perceived ability to master situations, particularly the ability to successfully carry out health‐promoting behaviors.
The effects of attendance and effort on outcomes among older adults in a long‐term exercise program
Authors: Topp Robert , Stevenson Joanne Sabol 
Published: April 2007

AbstractTo determine if attendance and effort could differentiate changes in cognitive and physical functioning, 66 older adults received a prescription heart rate to be achieved during supervised regular exercise sessions over a 9‐month period. These 30‐min sessions of aerobic training on a cycle ergometer were conducted three times per week. Cognitive variables and physical functioning were measured at baseline and following 4.5 months and 9 months of training. Attendance and effort scores (ATTEFF) were used to divide subjects into low ATTEFF (N = 29) and high ATTEFF (N = 37) groups. Following 9 months of training these groups were significantly different on life satisfaction and selected measures of health perception, but not on measures of either mental status or submaximum or resting heart rate. Maximum physical functioning improved within both groups, although the high ATTEFF group had improved more than the low ATTEFF group at posttest. Attendance and effort appear to differentiate older adults on selected measures of health perception and maximum physical functioning following a 9‐month exercise program.
The effects of child temperament, maternal characteristics, and family circumstances on the maladjustment of school‐age children
Authors: McClowry Sandra Graham , Giangrande Sandra K. , Tommasini Nancy R. , Clinton William , Foreman Nancy S. , Lynch Kimberly , Ferketich Sandra L. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractEighty‐nine mothers with children between the ages of 8 and 11 years reported perceptions of their child's adjustment and temperament, and described concurrent family circumstances such as socioeconomic status, level of parental distress, major life events experienced, maternal hassles, and their own psychiatric symptoms. A conceptual model hypothesizing the direct and indirect effects of family circumstances, maternal characteristics, and child temperament on the maladjustment of school‐age children was tested using causal modeling with residual analysis. Fifty‐six percent of child externalizing behavior was directly explained by the negative reactivity and nonpersistence of the child's temperament, and maternal hassles. A total of 33% of the variance of internalizing behavior was explained by the direct effects of negative reactivity of the child's temperament and maternal hassles. For both externalizing and internalizing behavior, a total of 54% of the variance in maternal hassles was explained by three variables: maternal psychiatric symptoms contributed 34%, major life events added 15%, and the intensity of the mother's temperament added an additional 5%. These three variables have a direct effect on maternal hassles and together had an indirect effect of .24 on child externalizing behavior through maternal hassles. Likewise, they have a direct effect on maternal hassles and together had an indirect effect of .31 on child internalizing behavior through maternal hassles.
Gender and ethnic stereotyping and narcotic analgesic administration
Authors: McDonald Deborah Dillon 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate whether nurses provide different amounts of narcotic analgesics to male and female patients, and different amounts to white and ethnic minority patients. A retrospective survey was conducted with the medical records of 101 male and 79 female uncomplicated adult appendectomy patients, 40 of whom were ethnic minority members. Narcotic analgesic doses for the entire postoperative period were converted to equianalgesic doses comparable to intramuscular morphine. Male patients received significantly larger initial doses than female patients. There was no gender difference in the total dose received postoperatively. White patients received significantly more total postoperative narcotic analgesics than ethnic minority patients. The gender difference provides modest external validation for prior experimental results. The ethnic difference suggests that irrelevant cues may be used in nurses' medication decisions.
Stress and coping of family members responsible for nursing home placement
Authors: Kammer Carol Highsmith 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe purpose of this exploratory study, based on the stress and coping framework of Folkman and Lazarus, was to describe relationships among stress appraisal, coping, and characteristics of individuals responsible for older adults recently placed in nursing homes. One hundred individuals completed an information form, emotion stress appraisal, and a revised Ways of Coping instrument by mail. Multiple regression analysis of 16 respondent characteristics showed significant contribution of 8 variables to 4 stress appraisal types (threat, harm, challenge, benefit) and 11 variables to 8 ways of coping. Visit frequency accounted for highest degree of variance in all appraisals. Stress appraisal accounted for most variance in coping. Implications for design and testing of nursing interventions are suggested.
Arousal and stress response across the menstrual cycle in women with three perimenstrual symptom patterns
Authors: Woods Nancy Fugate , Lentz Martha J. , Mitchell Ellen S. , Kogan Helen 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to compare arousal levels and stress response across menstrual cycle phases in women with three perimenstrual symptom patterns. Women with low symptom severity (LS, N = 28), were compared with those with a premenstrual syndrome (PMS, N = 15) and premenstrual magnification (PMM, N = 19) pattern across postmenses and premenses phases. Each woman was assessed during relaxation and in response to mental task and symptom imaging stressors during a postmenses and premenses day. Results of baseline skin conductance (SCL), electromyogram (EMG), and finger temperature (T) demonstrated arousal premenses in women with the PMS pattern, but not in women with the LS pattern. In addition, women with the PMS pattern experienced increased EMG and SCL response to stressors premenses. Women with the PMM pattern experienced a rise in finger temperature premenses, opposite the pattern of the women with LS or PMS. These results support development of symptom management strategies to reduce arousal and modulate stress response for women with PMS who seek help for their symptoms. In addition, the difference in arousal and stress response observed in women with PMS and PMM support development of different symptom management strategies for these two groups of women.
Re‐examination of the psychometric characteristics of the la monica–oberst patient satisfaction scale
Authors: Munro Barbara Hazard , Jacobsen Barbara S. , Brooten Dorothy A. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to provide further psychometric testing of the 41 ‐item La Monica–Oberst Patient Satisfaction Scale (LOPSS). Data were drawn from three studies designed to study a model of nurse specialist transitional care (n = 307). Previously, the scale had been tested with oncology patients. This study included three groups of nononcologic female patients. Potential scores on the LOPSS range from 41 to 205; actual scores ranged from 93 to 205, with a mean of 175 (SD = 24), indicating a positively skewed distribution. Coefficient alpha for the entire scale was .98. An examination of the individual items indicated that the LOPSS might be shortened without subsequent loss of information. Thirteen items with low item‐total correlations or low variability were dropped. The resulting 28‐item scale had a mean of 118.7 and a SD of 17.3. Coefficient alpha was .97. The results of a factor analysis of the revised scale were similar to those reported by La Monica, Oberst, Madea, and Wolf (1986). The results indicate that the scale is useful for nononcologic patients. The difficulty remains the positively skewed distribution of scores. More sensitive items need to be developed.
Focus on psychometrics. Strategies for achieving cultural equivalence
Authors: Phillips Linda R. , de Hernandez Isela Luna , de Ardon Esperanza Torres 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe strategy used by a bicultural research team of Anglos and Mexican Americans to develop cultural equivalence in a cross‐cultural study of family caregiving is described. Five sequential stages designed to address Berry's (1969) criteria for cross‐cultural research (functional equivalence, a comparative descriptive framework, and language equivalence) are described, including (a) start‐up, (b) preparation,(c) pilot testing for language equivalence, (d) pilot testing for operational equivalence, and (e) reevaluation.
The effect of skill training on functional abilities of nursing home residents with dementia
Authors: Tappen Ruth M. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe purpose of this experimental study was to compare the effects of skill training, a traditional stimulation approach, and regular care (control group) on the ability to perform the basic activities of daily living of nursing home residents with dementia. Sixty‐three subjects were randomly selected and randomly assigned to the three groups. Ability to perform the basic activities of daily living (ADLs) and progress toward meeting individually set ADL‐related goals were measured. Significant differences were found in two of the three measures used. In general, the greatest improvement was found in the skill training group, modest improvement in the simulation group, and decline in the control group.
Social support among persons with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Gulick Elsie E. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe source and magnitude of perceived social support functions and structure were examined in relation to illness duration, gender, and presence or absence of spouses among 200 persons with multiple sclerosis. The associations between social support variables and a health index, ADL level of functioning, also were examined. Significant gender differences were shown for perceived availability of affect, affirmation, and aid functions. A significant change in the network property, average frequency of relationships, occurred over the chronic illness trajectory. Low to moderate correlations were observed between a number of activities of daily living and both perceived social support functions and network size, particularly for women. Implications for professional staff who provide health services for persons with MS are presented. Further study regarding lower levels of perceived social support in women than men and low levels of informational support in both men and women is suggested.
Aerobic exercise, psychological well‐being, and physical discomforts during adolescent pregnancy
Authors: Koniak‐Griffin Deborah 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe effects of participation in a 6‐week aerobic exercise program (AEP) on pregnant adolescents' depression, self‐esteem, and physical discomforts of pregnancy were examined. The sample was comprised of 58 ethnically diverse subjects ranging in age from 14 to 20 years. Subjects in the AEP were observed to have a significant decrease in depressive symptoms over time and an increase in total self‐esteem; those in the comparison group reported a significant increase in physical discomforts associated with pregnancy. These findings suggest that exercise programs such as the AEP should be considered an important aspect of prenatal self‐care for healthy pregnant adolescents.
Ways of maintaining hope in HIV disease
Authors: Hall Beverly A. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractUtilizing Denzin's interpretative interactionism, this study was focused on the experiences of eight men and two women who were in Clinical Category C (AIDS) of HIV Disease. Interviews and analysis revealed their interpretations of the illness and the ways that they maintained hope while coping with end‐stage HIV. There were four major ways that hope was maintained: by miracles, religion, involvement in work or vocations, and support of family and friends. These themes are discussed as they relate to the context of HIV within the structure of biomedicine.
Perceived control over pain: Relation to distress and disability
Authors: Wells Nancy 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe relationship between perceived control over pain and outcomes of distress and disability were studied in a sample consisting of 71 patients with chronic nonmalignant pain. The pain‐related control belief subscales measured three aspects of control: lack of control, ability to cope, and negative outcome expectancy. After controlling for pain intensity, the control belief sub‐scales explained a significant amount of the variance in distress and disability. These findings provide support for cognitive modulation of the distress and disability associated with chronic nonmalignant pain.
Rocking and pacifiers: Two comforting interventions for heelstick pain
Authors: Campos Rosemary Gates 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe effects of behavioral interventions in reducing the stress of infant pain are not well documented. Two comfort interventions, rocking andpacifiers, were compared with routine care administered to 60 newborn infants randomly assigned to the three conditions following a neonatal screening heelstick. Heart rate, state of arousal, and crying were recorded continuously. Both pacifiers and rocking reduced crying, but pacifiers predominantly produced sleep states and rocking predominantly produced alert states. Pacifiers reduced heart rate levels significantly more than did rocking. Thus, newborns clearly benefit from both comforting methods. Several mechanisms are proposed to account for these findings.
Intraoperative pressure sore prevention: An analysis of bedding materials
Authors: Hoshowsky Victoria M. , Schramm Carol A. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe relationship between operating room (OR) table surfaces and skin integrity was examined. Preoperatively, patients (N = 505) were rated for pressure sore potential (Hemphill); postoperatively, skin condition was assessed. Skin changes were more likely with a standard mattress only or with surgery longer than 2.5 hr. The overlay was more effective than the foam and gel or standard foam mattresses for preventing pressure sore formation. Factors predictive of pressure sore development included surgery of 2.5+ hr, 40+ years, vascular disease, and a preoperative Hemphill value of 4+. Patient characteristics, surgical experience variables, and OR table surfaces are determinants in pressure sore development.
Weight change and lung cancer: Relationships with symptom distress, functional status, and smoking
Authors: Sarna Linda , Lindsey Ada M. , Brecht Mary‐Lynn , Dean Hannah , McCorkle Ruth 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe pattern of weight change (at five 6‐week intervals beginning 2 months after diagnosis of advanced disease) is described in adults with progressive lung cancer (N = 60). Weight loss of 10% or more at study entry occurred in 35% of subjects; 37% lost weight at three or more intervals; and 25% lost weight at only one interval. Pre‐illness weight loss was moderately correlated with subsequent decreased functional status (Enforced Social Dependency Scale) at Times 1, 2, and 3 (r = −.49, r = −.43, r = −.48, p < .001). Weight loss correlated with subsequent increased symptom distress (Symptom Distress Scale, SDS) at three times (Times 2,4, and 5: r = −.34, r = −.30, r = −.43, p < .05). Chemotherapy (50% of subjects) and smoking (25% at study entry) predicted weight loss from Time 1 to 5, explaining 28% of the variance.
Mothers' parenting self‐appraisals: The contribution of perceived infant temperament
Authors: Pridham Karen F. , Chang Audrey S. , Chiu Yiu‐Ming 
Published: April 2007

AbstractTo learn how a mother's perception of her infant's temperament contributes to her appraisal of her parenting and of her problem‐solving competence during the first 3 months postpartum, we explored a conceptual model, including infant gender and maternal attributes (education and parity) and the personal and social context of the parenting experience (infant centrality and life change), in a sample of 117 mothers. The set of temperament variables contributed to the variance in both parenting evaluation and problem‐solving competence at 1 and 3 months. The pattern of infant temperament variables contributing to maternal self‐appraisal variables at 1 and at 3 months suggests change in the temperament variables that are salient to mothers as the infants grow older.