bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interbrain substrates of role switching during mother–child interaction
Authors: Li Yamin , Wu Saishuang , Xu Jiayang , Wang Haiwa , Zhu Qi , Shi Wen , Fang Yue , Jiang Fan , Tong Shanbao , Zhang Yunting , Guo Xiaoli 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMother–child interaction is highly dynamic and reciprocal. Switching roles in these back‐and‐forth interactions serves as a crucial feature of reciprocal behaviors while the underlying neural entrainment is still not well‐studied. Here, we designed a role‐controlled cooperative task with dual EEG recording to explore how differently two brains interact when mothers and children hold different roles. When children were actors and mothers were observers, mother–child interbrain synchrony emerged primarily within the theta oscillations and the frontal lobe, which highly correlated with children's attachment to their mothers (self‐reported by mothers). When their roles were reversed, this synchrony was shifted to the alpha oscillations and the central area and associated with mothers' perception of their relationship with their children. The results suggested an observer‐actor neural alignment within the actor's oscillations, which was related to the actor‐toward‐observer emotional bonding. Our findings contribute to the understanding of how interbrain synchrony is established and dynamically changed during mother–child reciprocal interaction.
Efficient breast cancer diagnosis using multi‐level progressive feature aggregation based deep transfer learning system
Authors: Patel Vivek , Chaurasia Vijayshri 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBreast cancer is a worldwide fatal disease that exists mostly among women. The deep learning technique has proven its effectiveness, but the performance of the existing deep learning systems is quite compromising. In this work, a deep transfer learning system is suggested for efficient breast cancer classification from histopathology images. This system is based on a novel multi‐level progressive feature aggregation (MPFA) and a spatial domain learning approach. The combination of a pretrained Resnet101 backbone network with MPFA is implemented to extract more significant features. In addition, a mixed‐dilated spatial domain learning network (MSLN) is further incorporated to enhance the receptive field and increase discrimination between features. The proposed method achieved superior performance as compared to the existing state‐of‐the‐art methods, offering 99.24% accuracy, a 98.79% F‐1 score, 98.59% precision, and 98.99% recall values over BreaKHis dataset. An ablation study is carried out over the ICIAR2018 dataset to verify the generalizability and effectiveness of the system.
Simplifying vein detection for intravenous procedures: A comparative assessment through near‐infrared imaging system
Authors: Saeed Atiqa , Chaudhry Muhammad Rehan , Khan Muhammad Umair Ahmad , Saeed Muhammad Ahsan , Ghfar Ayman A. , Yasir Muhammad Naveed , Ajmal Hafiz Muhammad Salman 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe intravenous (IV) injection procedure can be a challenging task, especially for individuals with thin veins, obesity, or patients with damaged and pigmented skin. Therefore, the IV procedure necessitates a portable medical device that can be used for academic demonstrations to train medical students or by health care professionals to perform venipuncture. Vein visualization with a vein detector is principally based on the interaction of blood components with wavelengths of the electromagnetic spectrum (EMS). In this paper, we first present the process of image formation in the spectral band of the near‐infrared region (NIR) of EMS. Then, we introduce the image acquisition system with image processing to extract the veins as a noninvasive vein detection method. A Raspberry Pi (Model 4B), along with a night vision camera, serves as an image acquisition tool to capture skin area illuminated by NIR. Following this, the data is transferred to the laptop where it can be filtered and processed using Python image processing tools before being viewed on the monitor. The results achieved through the device are quite encouraging, as the image recognition between veins and adjacent tissues from the skin sample can be clearly marked. The functionality, accuracy, and simplicity associated with this vein detection system make it a potential device for IV placement and the morphological study of disease detection.
Dichroism of plasmonic chiral nanoalloys by rational design
Authors: D'Antoni Pierpaolo , Toffoli Daniele , Fronzoni Giovanna , Stener Mauro , Sementa Luca , Fortunelli Alessandro 
Published: March 2024

AbstractTime‐dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) simulations are conducted on a series of chiral gold/silver alloy nanowires to explore whether silver doping can produce an enhancement of circular dichroism at the plasmon resonance in these systems, and to identify the quantum‐mechanical origin of the observed effects. We find a strong plasmonic dichroism when one or two helixes of gold atoms are substituted by silver in a linear chiral nanotube, whose pure gold counterpart does not display any plasmonic dichroism, and we rationalize this finding in terms of “decoupling” the destructive interference of excitations in the pure gold nanotube via alloying. However, further attempts to increase the plasmonic dichroism by considering multi‐shell gold nanowires in which one entire shell is doped with silver did not produce the desired effect, but rather a decrease in circular dichroism. We show that this latter result is due to a more severe destructive interference in the dipole excitation contributions, and suggest that further amplification should be possible in principle by properly tuning simultaneously the nanowire structure and chemical ordering.
Dental students’ reflective learning from a geriatric interview assignment
Authors: Salehi Mohammad Mahdi , Donnelly Leeann , Krekoski Carrie , Soheilipour Shimae , Brondani Mario 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectivesAs part of geriatric education at the University of British Columbia's Faculty of Dentistry, undergraduate students are required to interview an older adult over 65 years old and critically reflect in writing on the meaning of this interview to themselves and their professional lives in not more than 2000 words. They are also encouraged to use a life grid. This study explored the impact of this assignment on the students as learners and on their views about their profession.MethodsInterview assignments were collected from the entire cohort of 54 third‐year students in 2021 and analyzed in 5 stages, using an exploratory thematic analysis, including an interactive coding process to identify patterns (themes) within the assignments using NVivo R1 software. Two researchers coded assignments individually and met to reach a consensus about the codes, to mitigate potential biases.ResultsFive main themes were identified, including communication, life course journey, person‐centered care, social determinants of health, and access to care. A wide range of ideas emerged under each theme, including several practical suggestions to improve future practice as an oral health professional. A little over 40% of the students used the life grid in their interviews. Modifications on the interview assignment are suggested.ConclusionStudents’ reflections highlighted their observations on a wide range of ideas within each theme, many pertaining to their future profession. They also discussed how this knowledge would inform their future practice in terms of their interactions with, and providing care to, patients with similar situations.
First‐generation college students' funds of knowledge support the development of an engineering role identity
Authors: Verdín Dina , Smith Jessica M. , Lucena Juan C. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundIdentifying as an engineer is essential for belonging and student success, yet the social context and professional norms make it more difficult for some students to establish an identity as an engineer.Purpose/HypothesisThis study investigated whether first‐generation college students' funds of knowledge supported their engineering role identity.Design/MethodsData came from a survey administered across the United States western, southern, and mountain regions in the fall semester of 2018. Only the sample of students who indicated they were the first in their families to attend college was used in the analysis (n = 378). Structural equation modeling was used to understand how first‐generation college students' funds of knowledge supported their engineering role identity; measurement invariance was examined to ensure that the model was valid for women and men alike.ResultsFirst‐generation college students' funds of knowledge individually supported the components of the engineering role identity development process. Tinkering knowledge from home and perspective‐taking helped inform interest and performance/competence beliefs. First‐generation college students' bids for external recognition were supported through their mediational skills, their connecting experiences, and their local network of college friends. The bundle of advice, resources, and emotional support from family members was the only fund of knowledge that directly supported students' perceptions of themselves as engineers.ConclusionsThe relationships we established between first‐generation college students' funds of knowledge and emerging engineering role identities call for engineering educators to integrate students' funds of knowledge into engineering learning and to broaden disciplinary norms of what counts as engineering‐relevant knowledge.
Quantifying causal teleconnections to drought and fire risks in Indonesian Borneo
Authors: Lam Timothy , Catto Jennifer L. , Barciela Rosa , Harper Anna B. , Challenor Peter , Arribas Alberto 
Published: March 2024

AbstractFires occurring over the peatlands in Indonesian Borneo accompanied by droughts have posed devastating impacts on human health, livelihoods, economy and the natural environment, and their prevention requires comprehensive understanding of climate‐associated risk. Although it is widely known that the droughts are associated with El Niño events, the onset process of El Niño and thus the drought precursors and their possible changes under the future climate are not clearly understood. Here, we use a causal network approach to quantify the strength of teleconnections to droughts at a seasonal timescale shown in observations and climate models. We portray two drivers of June‐July‐August (JJA) droughts identified through literature review and causal analysis, namely Niño 3.4 sea surface temperature (SST) in JJA (El Niño Southern Oscillation [abbreviated as ENSO]) and SST anomaly over the eastern North Pacific to the east of the Hawaiian Islands (abbreviated as Pacific SST) in March‐April‐May (MAM) period. We argue that the droughts are strongly linked to ENSO variability, with drier years corresponding to El Niño conditions. The droughts can be predicted with a lead time of 3 months based on their associations with Pacific SST, with higher SST preceding drier conditions. We find that under the SSP585 scenario, the Coupled Model Intercomparison Phase 6 (CMIP6) multi‐model ensembles show significant increase in both the maximum number of consecutive dry days in the Indonesian Borneo region in JJA (p = 0.006) and its linear association with Pacific SST in MAM (p = 0.001) from year 2061 to 2100 compared with the historical baseline. Some models are showing unrealistic amounts of JJA rainfall and underestimate drought risks in Indonesian Borneo and their teleconnections, owing to the underestimation of ENSO amplitude and overestimation of local convections. Our study strengthens the possibility of early warning triggers of fires and stresses the need for taking enhanced climate risk into consideration when formulating long‐term policies to eliminate fires.
Transverse division of the rectus abdominis muscle in deep inferior epigastric perforator flap elevation: A rescue technique to include more than one perforator
Authors: Choi Jong Yun , Kim Jun Nyeon , Lee Chae Rim , Choi Jangyoun , Moon Suk‐Ho , Jun Young Joon , Oh Deuk Young 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundIt is important to include as many perforators as possible in order to enhance the vascularity of a deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap. However, the rectus muscle must be transected transversely, which prevents suturing and can cause a defect along the same line as the muscle‐sparing procedure. When harvesting the DIEP flap, no specific method was suggested to solve these muscle defects. We found that by transecting the rectus muscle transversely, the muscle could be sutured in the tendinous area more easily while maintaining muscle function. The purpose of this study is to confirm the long‐term recovery of the rectus abdominis muscle through the volume change after DIEP flap using this tendinous transection and suture method.Patients and MethodsA retrospective review of 28 patients who underwent unilateral breast reconstruction using a DIEP flap and the tendinous transection method for multiple perforators between May 2018 and April 2020 was conducted. The preoperative and postoperative volumes of the rectus abdominis muscle were estimated both the harvest and opposite sides.ResultsThe preoperative and postoperative muscle volumes from the harvest side were 50.08 ± 8.71 cm3 and 48.56 ± 8.61 cm3, respectively. The volume difference was 1.522 cm3 decrease, which was not statistically significant (p = .070). The preoperative and postoperative muscle volumes from the opposite side were 50.50 ± 8.15 cm3 and 50.08 ± 8.18 cm3, respectively. The volume difference was 0.434 cm3 increase and was not statistically significant (p = .064). Postoperative volume changes in the rectus muscle were not statistically significant on either side.ConclusionThe tendinous transection method in the DIEP flap procedure did not significantly affect postoperative rectus muscle volume. Therefore, we expect this harvest method to allow DIEP flap reconstruction that includes multiple perforators and complete donor muscle recovery.
High‐frequency ultrasound‐assisted perforator mapping enhances efficiency in microsurgical reconstruction using thin ALT and SCIP flaps
Authors: Lee Sang‐Hun , Lee Kyeong‐Tae 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundWith the growing demand for the use of thin perforator flaps, obtaining knowledge on the superficial anatomy of perforators is imperative for stable flap elevation. Conventional modalities for perforator mapping fall short in providing such information. High‐frequency ultrasound (HFUS), known for visualizing the superficially located anatomic structures, may potentially fill this void. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of HFUS in the outcome of anterolateral thigh (ALT) and superficial circumflex iliac artery perforator (SCIP) flap‐based reconstructions.MethodsConsecutive patients who underwent free ALT or SCIP flap‐based reconstruction from January 2021 to November 2022 were retrospectively reviewed. Perforator mapping was conducted using a handheld Doppler during the first year, while HFUS was used in the latter part. The two techniques were compared in terms of flap harvesting time and perfusion‐related complication rates while considering the flap elevation plane.ResultsIn total, 123 cases were analyzed, including 82 ALT flaps (41 in each group) and 41 SCIP flaps (16 in the Doppler and 25 in the HFUS group). The time required for flap elevation exhibited a tendency to decrease in the HFUS group, with a significant difference observed in cases involving thin flap elevation (super‐thin ALT flaps and pure‐skin‐perforator SCIP flaps). Compared with the Doppler group, the HFUS group demonstrated significantly lower rates of PRCs, particularly partial flap necrosis. This difference remained significant in multivariable analyses.ConclusionOur results suggest that HFUS might be an appealing modality for perforator mapping in cases requiring thin ALT and SCIP flap.
Taurine Activates SIRT1/AMPK/FOXO1 Signaling Pathways to Favorably Regulate Lipid Metabolism in C57BL6 Obese Mice
Authors: Karikkakkavil Prakashan Arya Devi , Muthukumar Serva Peddha , Martin Asha 
Published: March 2024

ScopeThe identification of novel therapeutic agents capable of modulating lipid metabolism holds a promising potential in combating obesity and its associated complications. This study is conducted to evaluate the lipid lowering effect of dietary taurine administration on high‐fat fed C57BL6 mice and to study the mechanism by which taurine impacts lipid metabolism.Methods and resultsC57BL6 mice are grouped into four (n = 6): i) normal diet (ND), ii) a high‐fat diet (HFD), iii) HFD + orlistat (STD), iv) HFD + taurine (TAU) group for 12 weeks. The results show that taurine administration for 12 weeks reduces high fat‐induced weight gain, and liver weight when compared with HFD fed mice. It also improves serum biochemical parameters like total cholesterol and triglycerides. Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) activity, Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) levels, SIRT1 mRNA, and protein expression are increased in HFD + TAU diet group as compared to HFD group. Taurine treatment suppresses the expression of lipogenic genes (sterol regulatory element binding protein 1c [SREBP1c], fatty acid synthase [FAS], Peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma [PPARγ]) and increases the expression of β‐oxidation (peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor alpha [PPARα], liver x receptor beta [LXRβ], peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma coactivator 1‐alpha [PGC1α], AMP‐activated protein kinase [AMPK]) and lipolytic (forkhead box protein O1 [FOXO1]) genes. Further, taurine mitigates hepatic inflammation by suppressing nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB) gene expression and pro‐inflammatory cytokine markers (IL‐6, IL‐1β, and TNFα).ConclusionTaurine exerts lipid lowering effects through activating SIRT1/AMPK/FOXO1 signaling pathways and regulating their downstream targets.
l‐Theanine Prevents Colonic Damage via NF‐κB/MAPK Signaling Pathways Induced by a High‐Fat Diet in Rats
Authors: Fang Chunyan , Shen Yifeng , Ma Ziyang , Li Yuchen , Zhang Jingyi , Liu Chen , Ye Yulong 
Published: March 2024

Scopel‐Theanine (l‐Thea) is an amino acid which is naturally present in tea leaves. It has been associated with possible health advantages, including obesity prevention, but the underlying molecular mechanisms have not been elucidated.Methods and resultsA multiomics approach is utilized to examine the mechanism by which l‐Thea exerts its antiobesity effects. This study reveals that l‐Thea administration significantly ameliorates high‐fat diet (HFD)‐induced obesity in rats by improving body weight and hyperlipidemia. l‐Thea mitigates HFD‐induced inflammation and reverses hepatic and colonic damage, and intestinal barrier. This research verifies that the preventive effect of l‐Thea on obesity in rats induced by an HFD with colitis is accomplished by suppressing the phosphorylation of important proteins in the NF‐κB/mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. Metabolome analysis reveals that l‐Thea regulates HFD‐induced metabolic disorders, specifically through modulation of steroid hormone biosynthesis. Microbiome analysis reveals that l‐Thea mitigates HFD‐induced dysbiosis by increasing the relative abundance of obesity‐associated probiotic bacteria, including Blautia coccoides and Lactobacillus murinus, while simultaneously suppressing the abundance of pathogenic bacteria.Conclusionsl‐Thea alleviates colitis generated by an HFD by restoring the integrity of the intestinal barrier, suppressing inflammation through regulation of MAPK/NF‐κB signaling pathways, and enhancing microbial metabolism in colon.
Fern mycorrhizae do not respond to fertilization in a tropical montane forest
Authors: Guillen Thais , Kessler Michael , Homeier Jürgen 
Published: March 2024

AbstractFerns are known to have a lower incidence of mycorrhization than angiosperms. It has been suggested that this results from carbon being more limiting to fern growth than nutrient availability, but this assertion has not been tested yet. In the present study, we took advantage of a fertilization experiment with nitrogen and phosphorus on cloud forest plots of the Ecuadorean Andes for 15 years. A previous analysis revealed changes in the abundances of fern species in the fertilized plots compared to the control plots and hypothesized that this might be related to the responses of the mycorrhizal relationships to nutrient availability. We revisited the plots to assess the root‐associated fungal communities of two epiphytic and two terrestrial fern species that showed shifts in abundance. We sampled and analyzed the roots of 125 individuals following a metabarcoding approach. We recovered 1382 fungal ASVs, with a dominance of members of Tremellales (Basidiomycota) and Heliotales (Ascomycota). The fungal diversity was highly partitioned with little overlap between individuals. We found marked differences between terrestrial and epiphytic species, with the latter fundamentally missing arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). We found no effect of fertilization on the diversity or relative abundance of the fungal assemblages. Still, we observed a direct impact of phosphorus fertilization on its concentration in the fern leaves. We conclude that fern–fungi relationships in the study site are not restricted by nutrient availability and suggest the existence of little specificity on the fungal partners relative to the host fern species.
Abnormal bronchial origin in the right middle and lower lung
Authors: Chen Hao‐bo , Xie An 
Published: March 2024

AbstractCongenital anatomical abnormalities of the pediatric bronchus is a rare and easily overlooked condition. In this study, we identified an 8‐year‐old patient with congenital anomalies of bronchial origin that caused his clinical manifestations of cough and shortness of breath. This diagnosis needs to be taken into possible consideration when similar clinical manifestations occur in a pediatric patient without a cause.