bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stahlglas‐Bauweise – Rechnerische und experimentelle Nachweise am Beispiel einer Treppe
Authors: Maier Wolfgang , Baumjohann Jens , Priebe Jürgen , Rücker Martin , Siemer Peter , Voßbeck Marc 
Published: February 2007

AbstractDer vorliegende Beitrag behandelt den Nachweis der Tragsicherheit eines Stahlglas‐Tragwerks am Beispiel einer auf der Messe glasstec2004 ausgestellten freitragenden Glastreppe. In einem ersten Beitrag in dieser Zeitschrift wurde die Treppe bereits hinsichtlich der Konstruktion ihrer wichtigsten Details vorgestellt und das zur Stahlglas‐Bauweise gehörige Sicherheitskonzept in seinen Grundzügen erläutert. Hier werden die Nachweise beschrieben, die konkret für dieses Tragwerk zu erbringen sind und neben rechnerischen Nachweisen auch Bauteilversuche an einzelnen Tragwerkselementen sowie eine abschließende Probebelastung einschließen.
Stahl‐Beton‐Haftverbindungen für Verbundbrücken – Versuche und Bemessung
Authors: Thomann Michel , Lebet Jean‐Paul 
Published: February 2007

AbstractDieser Beitrag beschreibt die ausgeführten experimentellen und analytischen Untersuchungen über neuartige Stahl‐Beton‐Verbindungen für Verbundbrücken, so genannte “Haftverbindungen“. Ihre Festigkeit beruht auf der Reibung an mehreren in geeigneter Weise angeordneten Kontaktflächen. Diese Verbindungen haben den Vorteil, daß sie einen einfachen und schnellen Einbau von vorgefertigten Platten erlauben, wobei das Betonieren auf der Baustelle auf ein Minimum begrenzt wird. Die experimentellen Ergebnisse zeigen, daß diese Verbindungen einen großen Längsschubwiderstand und gegenüber der traditionellen Verbundart (Kopfbolzendübel) eine sehr hohe Steifigkeit haben. Ihre Duktilität dagegen ist deutlich geringer. Anhand der experimentellen Resultate wurde ein Rechnungsmodell für den Tragwiderstand dieser Verbindung entwickelt. Dieses Modell berücksichtigt sowohl die beobachtete behinderte Querverformung als auch das Materialverhalten der Kontaktflächen. Das Modell wurde für eine Parameterstudie verwendet, aus welcher gewisse Resultate dargestellt und diskutiert werden. Aus diesem wird eine vereinfachte Berechnungsmethode abgeleitet. Zusätzlich werden Entwurfsrichtlinien und einige Empfehlungen für die Ausführung vorgeschlagen. Das Verhalten von Stahl‐Beton‐Verbundträger mit Haftverbindung wird ebenfalls kurz besprochen.
Glass beads/x‐ray fluorescence analyses of 42 components in felsic rocks
Authors: Nakayama Kenichi , Shibata Yasuhiro , Nakamura Toshihiro 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFused borate glass beads were used for the determination of 42 components (Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, K, Ca, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, As, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Sn, Cs, Ba, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd, Dy, Er, Yb, Hf, Ta, W, Pb, Th, and U) in felsic rocks using x‐ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF). Low‐dilution glass beads with 1:1 sample‐to‐flux ratios (called 1:1 glass beads) were prepared using the double‐fusing method to measure Sc, Sn, Cs, Hf, Ta, and rare earth elements. Double‐fusing, which uses two heating stages with intervening cooling to room temperature, was used to prepare homogeneous 1:1 glass beads. Pulverized rock samples of less than 20 µm modal diameter enabled us to prepare homogeneous 1:1, 1:2, and 1:10 glass beads. The glass bead thickness was set as constant because the fluorescent x‐ray intensity of heavier elements, such as Rb, Sr, Y, and Zr, was influenced by thickness of 1:10 glass beads. Mutual interference of the nine analytical lines, V Kα, Cr Kα, Y Kα, Zr Kα, Nb Kα, Ba Lα, Ce Lα, Er Lα, and Yb Lα, was corrected using the intensities of Ti Kα, V Kα, Rb Kα, Sr Kα, Y Kα, Rb Kα, Ba Lα, Zr Kα, and Ni Kβ, corresponding to each overlap. Calibration curves of the 42 components showed good linearity (coefficient of determination, r = 0.991–1.000). The calibration ranges, indicating lower and upper limits of detection, were 1.6–58 to 0.03–7.6 mass ppm for the major elements (Na2O, MgO, Al2O3, SiO2, P2O5, K2O, CaO, TiO2, MnO, and Fe2O3) in 1:10 glass beads, 0.2–0.5 to 50–100 mass ppm for Rb, Sr, Y, and Zr in 1:10 glass beads, 0.3–6.0 to 20–230 mass ppm for minor elements (V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, As, Nb, Ba, W, Pb, Th, and U) in 1:2 glass beads, and 0.7–8.9 to 20–220 mass ppm for trace elements (Sc, Sn, Cs, Hf, Ta, and rare earth elements) in 1:1 glass beads. Using this method, we determined 42 components in two granites from Japan, weathered granite, obsidian, and rhyolite. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of Illyrian terracotta figurines of Aphrodite and other ceramic objects using EDXRF spectrometry
Authors: Civici N. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe results obtained during the study of some Illyrian terracotta figurines of Aphrodite and related ceramics that belong to 3rd century B.C. are presented. The objects were found under water close to the banks of the Seferan Lake, which is situated about 2 km from the ancient Illyrian settlement of Belsh (central Albania). Most of the figurines were covered with a black layer of nonuniform thickness. X‐ray fluorescence was used for the determination of the type of raw materials used for the manufacture of the terracotta figurines and for the investigation of the objects' provenance. The analytical results obtained from the samples allowed us to conclude that the objects found in the Seferan Lake should have been made from local clays. The analyses performed on the black cover material showed that this layer is made of an iron‐rich material. It is not clear whether the black layer was intentionally applied during the manufacture of the figurines or was formed owing to the weathering of the objects under water. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
EDXRF characterisation of elemental contents in PM2.5 in a medium‐sized Swedish city dominated by a modern waste incineration plant
Authors: Aboh Innocent Joy Kwame , Henriksson Dag , Laursen Jens , Lundin Magnus , Pind Niels , Lindgren Eva Selin , Wahnström Tomas 
Published: February 2007

AbstractEnergy dispersive x‐ray fluorescence (EDXRF) analysis of airborne particles has previously been shown to be a powerful technique for identifying key elements or elemental ratios for identification of important sources of air pollution. In the present work the technique was used for assignment of major sources of aerosol particles (PM2.5) in a medium sized Swedish city in southwestern Sweden, in which a new incinerator of household and industrial waste had recently been installed. Data on particle mass and black carbon contents in PM2.5 were also recorded together with SO2 and NO2 during the same study period. In spite of the small data set it was possible to identify five major sources for collected PM2.5, namely, waste incineration together with other local sources, oil incineration, biomass burning, long‐distance transport and traffic emissions. Major characteristic elements for the respective sources were identified from regression analysis of the data and from information obtained in previous studies. A receptor model based on the use of trace observations was used for quantitative calculation of the source contribution to PM2.5. The relative strength of the identified sources was seen to change when the variables included in the analysis were varied in number and character, although the same sources remained. It must be noted that the quantitative contribution from the different sources may be treated only as informative at present, since the number of observations are small compared to the number of variables. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Application of Kohonen neural network to exploratory analyses of synchroton radiation x‐ray fluorescence measurements of sunflower metalloproteins
Authors: Garcia Jerusa S. , da Silva Gilmare A. , Arruda Marco A. Z. , Poppi Ronei J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis paper describes the utilization of Kohonen neural network in an exploratory analytical study of metalloproteins based on eight metallic descriptors (K, Ca, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Zn). The metal ions were detected by synchroton radiation x‐ray fluorescence (SRXRF) in 43 bands of proteins from sunflower leaves after electrophoretic separation. The application of Kohonen NN reduced the data dimensionality from eight to only two without information loss, making it possible to find a few protein bands that can represent all the sunflower proteins studied. The potentiality of the simultaneous utilization of electrophoresis, SRXRF and Kohonen NN for qualitative/quantitative metallomic studies is demonstrated, mainly when a large number of proteins and metallic ions need to be evaluated. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Detection of mercury in the kidney via source‐excited x‐ray fluorescence
Authors: Grinyer J. , Popovic M. , Chettle D. R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractNon‐invasive detection of kidney Hg in vivo is important in order to prevent detrimental health effects in occupationally exposed persons. In this study, preliminary results of a 109Cd source‐based x‐ray fluorescence system for the detection of Hg in the kidney are presented. The system includes a single 50 mm diameter HPGe detector with a 109Cd source mounted on the detector face for backscatter measurement geometry. A detection limit of 3.9 ppm was obtained during a bare kidney phantom feasibility study. In order to simulate an in vivo measurement, kidney phantoms were also placed inside a water tank representing the torso. The detection limit was 5.0 ppm at 1 cm phantom depth, as measured to the phantom boundary. As expected, Hg sensitivity decreased with kidney depth owing to the attenuation of incident 109Cd γ‐rays and emitted characteristic Hg K x‐rays, so that at a phantom depth of 4 cm the detection limit was 44 ppm. Further improvements to the detection limit will allow future in vivo kidney Hg measurements of chronically exposed workers. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On control of shear flow of an upper convected Maxwell fluid
Authors: Renardy M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe consider parallel shear flow of an upper convected Maxwell fluid. A control is available in the form of a body force. The system of equations governing the velocity and shear stress is equivalent to a damped linear wave equation, and well known results imply that it is controllable if the time interval is sufficiently long for waves to propagate back and forth across the uncontrolled region. On the other hand, the issue of controlling normal stresses is far more difficult. If the control is available in the entire flow region, then normal stresses can be controlled, subject to a necessary positive definiteness constraint. On the other hand, if the control is confined to a subinterval, then the normal stresses are not controllable.
Isospectral families of high‐order systems
Authors: Lancaster P. , Prells U. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractEarlier work of the authors concerning the generation of isospectral families of second order (vibrating) systems is generalized to higher‐order systems (with no spectrum at infinity). Results and techniques are developed first for systems without symmetries, then with Hermitian symmetry and, finally, with palindromic symmetry. The construction of linearizations which retain such symmetries is discussed. In both cases, the notion of strictly isospectral families of systems is introduced – implying that properties of both the spectrum and the sign‐characteristic are preserved. Open questions remain in the case of strictly isospectral families of palindromic systems. Intimate connections between Hermitian and unitary systems are discussed in an Appendix.
Misoprostol versus oxytocin for the reduction of postpartum blood loss
Authors: Baskett T.F. , Persad V.L. , Clough H.J. , Young D.C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractObjective: To compare the effect of 400 μg of oral misoprostol with 5 U of intravenous oxytocin in the reduction of postpartum blood loss and prevention of postpartum hemorrhage. Methods: In a prospective, double‐blind, randomized controlled trial conducted in a tertiary maternity hospital 622 women received either 400 μg of oral misoprostol or 5 U of intravenous oxytocin after delivery of the anterior shoulder or within 1 min of delivery. The primary outcome was a hematocrit drop of 10% or greater 24 h postpartum. The secondary outcomes were a hemoglobin drop of 30 mg/L or greater, the use of additional oxytocin, an estimated blood loss greater than 1000 mL, manual removal of the placenta, a blood transfusion, and shivering and fever (≥ 38 °C) as adverse effects of misoprostol. Results: There was no difference between the 2 groups regarding the primary outcome (a ≥ 10% hematocrit drop occurred in 3.4% and 3.7% of the participants in the oxytocin and misoprostol groups, P = 0.98). The rate of use of additional oxytocin was higher in the misoprostol group (51% versus 40.5%, P = 0.01). Shivering was confined to the misoprostol group (6.8%), and fever occurred in 12.5% of the women in the misoprostol group and 0.3% of the women in the oxytocin group. Conclusion: The routine use of 400 μg of oral misoprostol was no less effective than 5 U of intravenous oxytocin in reducing blood loss after delivery, as assessed by change in postpartum hematocrit. The adverse effects of misoprostol were mild and self‐limiting.
Foetal nutritional status and cardiovascular risk profile among children
Authors: Liu Jian , Sempos Christopher 
Published: February 2007

AbstractObjectiveTo estimate the impact of foetal nutritional status on cardiovascular risk among children with the Foetal Nutritional Status Index (FNSI), calculated by dividing the child's birth weight (BW, kg) by the mother's height (m2).DesignCross-sectional survey analysis.SettingA sample of children from the US Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.SubjectsA total of 3109 children who were 5–11 years of age and had data on BW and mother's height. Non-fasting blood samples were included.ResultsOverall, the FNSI was positively associated with BW and negatively associated with mother's height (P < 0.0001). Within sex-specific quintiles of FNSI (third quintile as reference) adjusted for potential confounding variables, cardiovascular risk factors tended to be ‘higher’ in the lower quintiles for males while the opposite was true for females. Multivariate logistic regression analyses indicated that the odds for males in quintile 1 was 2.4 for having a low level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P < 0.01) and 2.1 for having a cluster of cardiovascular risk factors (P = 0.01); for females, the odds of having a cluster of cardiovascular risk factors was approximately two times higher for those in the first and fifth quintiles, who also had a significantly higher prevalence of central obesity.ConclusionsThe FNSI may be a potential proxy indicator of foetal nutritional status and it may be used to test specific hypotheses of whether foetal nutrition restriction or overnutrition programmes future cardiovascular risk.
Controlling the Liminal Power of Performance: Hungarian Scholars and Romani Musicians in the Hungarian Folk Revival
Authors: HOOKER LYNN 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn the Hungarian folk revival, Hungarian Roma (Gypsies) serve as both privileged informants and exotic Others. The musicians of the revival known as the táncház (dance-house) movement rely heavily on rural Rom musicians, especially those from Transylvania, as authentic sources of traditional Hungarian repertoire and style. Táncház rhetoric centres on the trope of localized authenticity; but the authority wielded by rural Rom musicians, who carry music both between villages and around the world, complicates the fixed boundaries that various powerful stakeholders would place on the tradition. Drawing on media sources and on fieldwork in Hungary and Romania, I examine how authenticity and ‘Gypsiness’ are presented and controlled by the scholars, musicians, and administrators who lead the táncház movement, in particular in the context of camps and workshops dedicated to Hungarian folk music and dance. Organizers often erect clear boundaries of status, genre, and gender roles through such events, which, among other things, address the anxiety raised by Rom musicians’ power in liminal spaces. In addition, I look at how Rom musicians both negotiate with the táncház’s aesthetic of authenticity and challenge it musically. Finally, I discuss how musicians and the crowds that gather to hear and dance to their music together create a carnival atmosphere, breaking down some of the boundaries that organizers work so hard to create. Throughout, I demonstrate that liminality is an extraordinarily pertinent lens through which to view Roma participation in the Hungarian folk music scene.
Performing Spaces: Street Music and Public Territory
Authors: BYWATER MICHAEL 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe interaction between ‘marginal’ music performance (whether socially or musically marginal, e.g. busking, ambient music, etc.) and ‘liminal’ spaces is at first sight a characteristically twentieth-century phenomenon. However, performance history as revealed not only through historical scholarship but through contemporary anecdotal or fictional writings can contextualize these current uses of music in negotiating public space, while revealing some of our assumptions about performance in general. I argue that much of liminal performance is concerned with the appropriation and retention of spaces in which to perform, and that this is no new thing but was, until relatively recently, the norm. I look at some aspects of performance history in the light of contemporary thinking about liminality, and consider how buskers, particularly in Bath (where I lived for several years) contend for temporary possession of public space as a prerequisite of their performances. I conclude by suggesting that the defining of liminal space might be usefully extended, in thinking about street performance, into the notion of ‘liminal spacetime’.
Texts, Tunes, and Talking Heads: Discourses about Socially Marginal North Indian Musicians
Authors: MACISZEWSKI AMELIA 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn this study, criss-crossing discourses – written, visual, and aural – are brought together in an effort to shed light on a section of the tawa’if (traditional courtesan) community in contemporary North India. As a kind of companion text to my point-of-view documentaries Guria, Gossip, and Globalization and Chandni’s Choice, I present an overview of the NGO Guria. This organization works to empower tawa’ifs to reclaim their liminality as artists, able to move back and forth between their own profoundly socially marginalized community and mainstream society, a privilege they enjoyed historically but have virtually lost in the present day. I have juxtaposed this with an exegesis of talk, including gossip, about and by these performers and their music. This includes issues of their gossip- and media-driven legacy that have led to their current position, often dangerously vulnerable, in the global marketplace. Finally, I examine the life of a teenage member of a musical matriarchy whose foremothers have been somewhat successful at continuing to traverse the borderlands between various levels of society.
The Gift of Science: Leibniz and the Modern Legal Tradition
Authors: Brooks Thom 
Published: February 2007

The Gift of Science: Leibniz and the Modern Legal Tradition.
By Roger Berkowitz. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2005. 234p.
$49.95.Roger Berkowitz's The Gift of Science is about the
genesis and development of legal codification from its birth in Gottfried
Wilhelm Leibniz's work to the German Civil Code of 1900.
Leibniz's legal writings have been long neglected and this study is
to be commended for bringing these writings back to our attention.
Berkowitz charts the development of Leibniz's legal thought from his
early to mature writings, illuminating Leibniz's surprisingly helpful
reflections on the nature of law.
On Justification: Economies of Worth
Authors: Creppell Ingrid 
Published: February 2007

On Justification: Economies of Worth. By Luc Boltanski and
Laurent Thévenot. Translated by Catherine Porter. Princeton:
Princeton University Press, 2006. 400p. $85.00 cloth, $39.50 paper.Those interested in any of a variety of fields—reasoning about
justice, the foundations and mechanics of social interaction, rational
action, value formation, norm change, or conflict—will find rich
potential in this ambitious and challenging book by sociologist Luc
Boltanski and economist/statistician Laurent Thévenot, which
does not fit into any single research paradigm. Published in France more
than 15 years ago, the book is available in this English translation and
ought to have a significant impact on social theory generally.
Reforming Liberalism: J. S. Mill's Use of Ancient, Religious,
Liberal, and Romantic Moralities
Authors: Pearce Colin D. 
Published: February 2007

Reforming Liberalism: J. S. Mill's Use of Ancient, Religious,
Liberal, and Romantic Moralities. By Robert Devigne. New Haven: Yale
University Press, 2006. 320p. $45.00.In this scholarly book, Robert Devigne links John Stuart Mill to the
aporia of the Platonic dialogues, the romantic expressivism of Kant and
Coleridge, and the great tradition of British empiricism that it was
Mill's purpose to reform. In so doing, Devigne introduces us to the
great thinker who remains today the most direct entry point (along with
Russell perhaps) into the Western tradition of philosophy for those whose
native language is English. Devigne's Mill then is the “Great
Mill,” the synoptic, conceptive, comprehensive Mill, the Socrates of
Gower Street and Charing Cross Road, the towering genius who bestrode
Victorian intellectual life like a colossus. It is thus with Nietzsche
rather than with Bentham that Devigne's Mill should be classed.
Saving Persuasion: A Defense of Rhetoric and Judgment
Authors: Kapust Daniel 
Published: February 2007

Saving Persuasion: A Defense of Rhetoric and Judgment. By
Bryan Garsten. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2006. 290p.
$45.00.Bryan Garsten's Saving Persuasion is an engaging and
original work of wide appeal. Garsten analyzes the formation of an
antirhetorical tradition in modern political thought, investigates its
rival classical tradition of rhetoric and judgment, and explores the
promise that a politics of persuasion offers contemporary democratic
societies.
Politics as Religion
Authors: Sabetti Filippo 
Published: February 2007

Politics as Religion. By Emilio Gentile. Translated by George
Staunton. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2006. 194p. $39.50.The projected secularization of the world—or the suggestion that
religion should have as little as possible to do with economic, social,
and political life in industrial societies—is not happening. First,
the traditional faiths have shown a surprising vitality in reclaiming
their respective space in the secular, public square. It is evident that
faith movements cannot always be caged in pejorative stereotypes;
secularization is not a linear process, and religious beliefs continue to
shape ordinary people's lives and to have a say in public affairs.
The increasing politicization of religion in many parts of the world has
brought with it the challenge to engage Judaism, Christianity, and Islam
as essential allies in the modern struggle for human rights, social
justice, and enlightened thought. Second, the importance of religion in
modern democracy and mass politics can be gleaned in an ex
adverso kind of way: Even when rejecting the mission of religion to
give meaning to human existence, many politicians have found it useful to
appropriate for themselves the trappings of religious symbols and rituals.
This sacralization of politics has sought to interpret and to define human
existence by subordinating the destiny of individuals and the collectivity
to a supreme entity, liberal democracy, or totalitarianism.