bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design of robot grippers for binder jet products handling
Authors: Muktadir MA , Yi Sun , Elliott Amelia M. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDimension accuracy, damage minimization, and defect detection are essential in manufacturing processes, especially additive manufacturing. These types of challenges may arise either during the manufacture of a product or its use. The repeatability of the process is vital in additive manufacturing systems. However, human users may lose concentration and, thus, would be a great alternative as an assistant. Depending on the nature of work, a robot’s fingers might vary, for example, mechanical, electrical, vacuum, two-fingers, and three-fingers. In addition, the end effector plays a vital role in picking up an object in the advanced manufacturing process. However, inbuilt robotic fingers may not be appropriate in different production environments. In this research presented here considering metal binder jet additive manufacturing, the two-finger end- effectors are proposed design, analysis, and experiment to pick up an object after completing the production process from a specific location. The final designs were further printed by using a 3D metal printer and installed in the existing robotic systems. These new designs are used successfully to hold the object from the specific location by reducing the contact force that was not possible with the previously installed end effector's finger. In addition, a numerical study was conducted in order to compare the flowability of the geometric shape of finger's free areas.
Inhibitory Control, Cognitive Flexibility, and the Production of Disfluencies in Children Who Do and Do Not Stutter
Authors: Paphiti Maria , Talias Michael A. , Eggers Kurt 
Published: March 2024

Purpose:
Differences in inhibitory control and cognitive flexibility between children who stutter (CWS) and children who do not stutter (CWNS) have been previously demonstrated. The aim of the current study was to investigate whether the previously reported inhibitory control– and cognitive flexibility–related performance costs for CWS are associated with the number of speech disfluencies that they produce.

Method:

Participants were 19 CWS (
M
age
= 7.58 years, range: 6.08–9.17) and 19 CWNS matched on age and gender (
M
age
= 7.58 years, range: 6.08–9.33). Gamma regression models were used to investigate possible associations between performance costs in speed and accuracy measured during a computer task evaluating inhibitory control and cognitive flexibility and the number of speech disfluencies during video-recorded speech samples (story retelling and casual conversation).

Results:
Two significant interactions were observed. For both inhibitory control and cognitive flexibility, we identified a significant group and inhibitory control/cognitive flexibility performance–cost interaction in stuttering-like disfluencies (SLDs), indicating that the performance–cost effects on SLD production were significantly higher in the CWS group, compared to the CWNS group.

Conclusions:
CWS with reduced inhibitory control or cognitive flexibility produce more SLDs, but not other disfluencies. These results are partly in line with some previous findings in nonstuttering and stuttering populations linking inhibitory control and cognitive flexibility weaknesses to the production of speech disfluencies.
Disentangling Ancestral State Reconstruction in historical linguistics
Authors: Skirgård Hedvig 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Ancestral State Reconstruction (ASR) is an essential part of historical linguistics (HL).
Conventional ASR in HL relies on three core principles: fewest changes on the tree, plausibility of changes and
plausibility of the resulting combinations of features in proto-languages. This approach has some problems, in particular the
definition of what is plausible and the disregard for branch lengths. This study compares the classic approach of ASR to
computational tools (Maximum Parsimony and Maximum Likelihood), conceptually and practically. Computational models have the
advantage of being more transparent, consistent and replicable, and the disadvantage of lacking nuanced knowledge and context.
Using data from the structural database Grambank, I compare reconstructions of the grammar of ancestral Oceanic languages from
the HL literature to those achieved by computational means. The results show that there is a high degree of
agreement between manual and computational approaches, with a tendency for classical HL to ignore branch lengths.
Explicitly taking branch lengths into account is more conceptually sound; as such the field of HL should
engage in improving methods in this direction. A combination of computational methods and qualitative knowledge is possible in the
future and would be of great benefit.
Characterization of Ce3+ and Eu3+ doped and co-doped ZnO nanoparticles for luminescence applications
Authors: Sharma Nikita , Sahay P P 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This paper investigates the synthesis of Ce3+ and Eu3+ doped, as well as co-doped ZnO nanoparticles using the solution combustion route. The nanoparticles exhibit a hexagonal wurtzite structure of ZnO with crystallite sizes ranging from 19 to 22 nm. Structural parameters, including lattice constants, bond lengths, and bond angles, are evaluated. Morphological diversity is observed in field-emission scanning electron microscopy images. The diffuse reflectance spectroscopy results reveal an energy band gap of 3.20 eV for undoped ZnO nanoparticles. The energy band gap value slightly decreases for Eu-doped ZnO and certain (Ce, Eu) co-doped ZnO nanoparticles. Photoluminescence (PL) excitation peaks are attributed to energy levels of native defects in the ZnO band gap, along with f–d and f–f transitions of rare-earth ions (Ce3+, Eu3+). The PL emission spectra under different excitation wavelengths (350 nm, 394 nm, and 465 nm) display varied peak positions. ZnO co-doped with 0.96 mol% of Ce3+ and 0.92 mol% of Eu3+ emerges as a promising material for luminescence applications, exhibiting a significant increase in green emission intensity. Consequently, this study represents a novel contribution to the field of ZnO-based luminescent materials.
Time-resolved characteristics of a nanosecond pulsed multi-hollow needle plate packed bed dielectric barrier discharge
Authors: QIN 秦 Liang 亮 , LI 李 Yao 瑶 , GUO 郭 Hao 浩 , JIANG 姜 Nan 楠 , SONG 宋 Ying 颖 , JIA 贾 Rui 锐 , ZHOU 周 Xiongfeng 雄峰 , YUAN 袁 Hao 皓 , YANG 杨 Dezheng 德正 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In this paper, self-designed multi-hollow needle electrodes are used as a high-voltage electrode in a packed bed dielectric barrier discharge reactor to facilitate fast gas flow through the active discharge area and achieve large-volume stable discharge. The dynamic characteristics of the plasma, the generated active species, and the energy transfer mechanisms in both positive discharge (PD) and negative discharge (ND) are investigated by using fast-exposure intensified charge coupled device (ICCD) images and time-resolved optical emission spectra. The experimental results show that the discharge intensity, number of discharge channels, and discharge volume are obviously enhanced when the multi-needle electrode is replaced by a multi-hollow needle electrode. During a single voltage pulse period, PD mainly develops in a streamer mode, which results in a stronger discharge current, luminous intensity, and E/N compared with the diffuse mode observed in ND. In PD, as the gap between dielectric beads changes from 0 to 250 μm, the discharge between the dielectric bead gap changes from a partial discharge to a standing filamentary micro-discharge, which allows the plasma to leave the local area and is conducive to the propagation of surface streamers. In ND, the discharge only appears as a diffusion-like mode between the gap of dielectric beads, regardless of whether there is a discharge gap. Moreover, the generation of excited states

and

is mainly observed in PD, which is attributed to the higher E/N in PD than that in ND. However, the generation of the

radical in ND is higher than in PD. It is not directly dominated by E/N, but mainly by the resonant energy transfer process between metastable

and

. Furthermore, both PD and ND demonstrate obvious energy relaxation processes of electron-to-vibration and vibration-to-vibration, and no vibration-to-rotation energy relaxation process is observed.
Not just sugar: metabolic control of neutrophil development and effector functions
Authors: Ettel Paul , Weichhart Thomas 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The mammalian immune system is constantly surveying our tissues to clear pathogens and maintain tissue homeostasis. In order to fulfill these tasks, immune cells take up nutrients to supply energy for survival and for directly regulating effector functions via their cellular metabolism, a process now known as immunometabolism. Neutrophilic granulocytes, the most abundant leukocytes in the human body, have a short half-life and are permanently needed in the defense against pathogens. According to a long-standing view, neutrophils were thought to primarily fuel their metabolic demands via glycolysis. Yet, this view has been challenged, as other metabolic pathways recently emerged to contribute to neutrophil homeostasis and effector functions. In particular during neutrophilic development, the pentose phosphate pathway, glycogen synthesis, oxidative phosphorylation, and fatty acid oxidation crucially promote neutrophil maturation. At steady state, both glucose and lipid metabolism sustain neutrophil survival and maintain the intracellular redox balance. This review aims to comprehensively discuss how neutrophilic metabolism adapts during development, which metabolic pathways fuel their functionality, and how these processes are reconfigured in case of various diseases. We provide several examples of hereditary diseases, in which mutations in metabolic enzymes validate their critical role for neutrophil function.
Accounting for age: uncovering the nuanced drivers of mammal body-size responses to climate change
Authors: Theriot Miranda K , Olson Link E , Lanier Hayley C 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Shifts in mean body size coinciding with environmental change are well documented across animal species and populations, serving as a widespread and complex indicator of climate-change response. In mammal research, identifying and disentangling the potential drivers of these trends (e.g., thermoregulation, resource availability) is hindered by treating adult size as fixed, ignoring morphological changes that occur throughout life in many species. However, observed population-level size trends may reflect underlying shifts in age structure (i.e., change in the proportion of older, potentially larger individuals in the population). Here, we assessed the role of age structure by explicitly evaluating age as a contributor to temporal variation in skull size (a proxy for body size) in 2 carnivorans, Canadian Lynx (Lynx canadensis) and American Marten (Martes americana). Using a series of linear and nonlinear models, we tested age in years (determined by cementum-layer analysis) as a predictor of skull size alongside other factors previously proposed to be important drivers of body-size trends, including population density for lynx and growing season conditions for martens. In both species, age was a significant predictor of skull size indicating a rapid year-to-year increase in young adult size that diminished in later adulthood. However, temporal shifts in age structure alone did not explain the observed changes in size over time, indicating that age structure acts in concert with other as-yet unidentified factors to drive body-size change. By explicitly evaluating the role of age, we can both refine models of temporal body-size trends and gain insights into size change as a signal of underlying demographic shifts—such as age-specific survivorship—providing a more holistic understanding of how mammals are responding to climate change.
Unusual metastasis after radical cystectomy: case report
Authors: Mohammed Mohammed H , Mardnly Fadel , Ghrer Mohamad , Alia Louei , Assad Lina W 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Cutaneous metastasis of urothelial carcinoma after radical cystectomy is extremely rare. We present the case of a 57-year-old man who underwent a radical cystectomy with ileal conduit for the presence of a bladder tumor. He developed a cheek lesion after 2 months, which was diagnosed as a metastatic nodule along with bone metastases from high-grade bladder urothelial carcinoma. This nodule was treated with surgical removal with subsequent chemotherapy, but he succumbed after 10 months due to widespread metastatic disease.
Building stellar bulges and halo cores from massive clumps observed in the DYNAMO-HST sample
Authors: Hashim Mahmoud , El-Zant Amr A , Del Popolo Antonino 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
We present N-body simulations of the process of bulge formation in disc galaxies due to inward migration of massive stellar clumps. The process is accompanied by dark halo heating, with a quasi-isothermal core replacing the initial central density cusp, transforming an initially dark matter dominated central region into a baryon dominated one. The characteristics of the clumps are chosen to be compatible with low redshift observations of stellar clumps in DYNAMO-HST galaxies, which may be relatively long lived in terms of being robust against internal starburst-instigated disruption. We thus test for disruption due to tidal stripping using different clump internal radial profiles; Plummer, Hernquist, and Jaffe, in ascending order of see per central density profile. Our calculations predict that in order for clump migration to be effective in building galactic bulges and dark halo cores, steeply increasing central clump profiles, or a less massive or less concentrated haloes, are preferred. The dependence on such factors may contribute to the diversity in observed total mass distributions and resulting rotation curves in galaxies. When the process is most efficient, a ‘bulge-halo conspiracy’, with a singular isothermal total density akin to that observed bright galaxies, results.
An Investigation of Pediatric Case-patients With Invasive Haemophilus influenzae in Alaska, 2005–2011
Authors: Nolen Leisha Diane , Bulkow Lisa , Singleton Rosalyn , Hurlburt Debbie , Debyle Carolyn , Rudolph Karen , Hammitt Laura L. , Hennessy Thomas W. , Bruce Michael G. 
Published: March 2024

Background:

Haemophilus influenzae (Hi) can cause severe disease in children. This study aimed to identify risk factors related to invasive Hi disease in Alaska children and evaluate carriage in people around them.

Methods:
From 2005 to 2011, we investigated episodes of invasive, typeable Hi disease in Alaska children <10 years old. Three age-matched control children were enrolled for each case-patient. We evaluated oropharyngeal Hi carriage in people in close contact with Hi case-patients (contacts) as well as control children and their household members. Individual and household risk factors for illness and carriage were evaluated using questionnaires and chart reviews.

Results:
Thirty-eight of 44 (86%) children with invasive, typeable Hi disease were recruited: 20 Hi serotype a (53%), 13 serotype b (Hib) (34%) and 5 serotype f (13%). Children with the invasive Hi disease were more likely than controls to have underlying health problems (67% vs. 24%, P = 0.001), other carriers of any Hi in their household (61% vs. 15%, P < 0.001), and inadequate Hib vaccination (26% vs. 9%, P = 0.005). People who carried Hi were younger than noncarriers (mean 12.7 vs. 18.0 years, P = 0.008). The carriage was clustered within case-patient households, with carriage in 19% of household contacts, while only 6.3% of nonhousehold contacts and 5.5% of noncontacts carried the Hi serotype of interest (P < 0.001).

Conclusions:
Factors associated with invasive Hi disease in children included underlying health problems, household carriage and inadequate Hib vaccination. The high level of carriage in case-patient households is important to consider when evaluating treatment and prophylaxis strategies.
Host response during unresolved urinary tract infection alters mammary tissue homeostasis through collagen deposition and TIMP1
Authors: Henry Samantha , Lewis Steven Macauley , Cyrill Samantha Leeanne , Callaway Mackenzie Kate , Chatterjee Deeptiman , Hanasoge Somasundara Amritha Varshini , Jones Gina , He Xue-Yan , Caligiuri Giuseppina , Ciccone Michael Francis , Diaz Isabella Andrea , Biswas Amelia , Hernandez Evelyn , Ha Taehoon , Wilkinson John Erby , Egeblad Mikala , Tuveson David Arthur , Oresco dos Santos Camila 
Published: March 2024

AbstractExposure to pathogens throughout a lifetime influences immunity and organ function. Here, we explored how the systemic host-response to bacterial urinary tract infection (UTI) induces tissue-specific alterations to the mammary gland. Utilizing a combination of histological tissue analysis, single cell RNA sequencing and flow cytometry, we identified that mammary tissue from UTI-bearing mice display collagen deposition, enlarged ductal structures, ductal hyperplasia with atypical epithelial transcriptomes and altered immune composition. Bacterial cells were absent in the mammary tissue and blood of UTI-bearing mice, therefore, alterations to the distal mammary tissue were mediated by the systemic host response to local infection. Furthermore, broad spectrum antibiotic treatment resolved the infection and restored mammary cellular and tissue homeostasis. Systemically, unresolved UTI correlated with increased plasma levels of the metalloproteinase inhibitor, TIMP1, which controls extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling and neutrophil function. Treatment of nulliparous and post-lactation UTI-bearing female mice with a TIMP1 neutralizing antibody, or broad-spectrum antibiotic, prevented mammary collagen deposition, thus providing evidence for an unexpected link between the systemic host response during UTI and mammary alterations.SummaryThe systemic response during urinary tract infection induces TIMP1-driven collagen deposition specifically into the mammary gland.
Ultraviolet B acts as a dietary restriction mimetic by targeting mitochondrial bioenergetics
Authors: Martirosyan Asya , Li Yuting , Woitzat Yvonne , Lee Seunghye , Fu Li , Ermolaeva Maria A. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractUltraviolet (UV) light is a common environmental stimulus, and UV exposure confers health benefits, with cellular targets still unclear. Here, we show that ultraviolet B (UVB) exposure alters mitochondrial bioenergetics inC. elegansand human skin fibroblasts triggering loss of membrane potential, mitochondrial fission and calcium release. This initial stress is followed by a recovery process relying on mitochondrial biogenesis and fusion, which prevents lasting mitochondrial damage. Strikingly, the transient decline of ATP synthesis caused by UVB-induced mitochondrial changes triggers a swift metabolic re-wiring response that resembles effects of dietary restriction (DR) at the organismal and molecular levels. Both recovery from UVB and DR-mimetic UVB effects require mitochondrial fusion, and we found that dysfunction of fusion during aging abrogates UVB benefits and sensitizes old nematodes to UVB toxicity. Finally, UVB irradiation of the skin was effective in inducing organismal fasting-like phenomena in proof-of-concept tests in young mice. We thus uncovered a novel evolutionary conserved cellular mechanism connecting UV light and metabolism. Our findings illuminate potential DR-mimetic properties of UVB and explain late life-specific UVB intolerance.
Unraveling and quantifying “CandidatusSaccharibacteria”:in silicoand experimental evaluation of V3-V4 16S rRNA metagenomics and qPCR protocols
Authors: Papaleo Stella , Nodari Riccardo , Sterzi Lodovico , D’Auria Enza , Cattaneo Camilla , Bettoni Giorgia , Bonaiti Clara , Pagliarini Ella , Zuccotti Gianvincenzo , Panelli Simona , Comandatore Francesco 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundCandidate Phyla Radiation (CPR) is a large monophyletic group thought to cover about 25% of bacterial diversity. Due to peculiar characteristics and unusual 16S rRNA gene structure, they are often under-represented or lost in 16S rRNA-based microbiota surveys. Among CPR, “CandidatusSaccharibacteria” is a phylum experimentally found to modulate the immune response and enriched in the oral microbiota of subjects suffering from several immune-mediated disorders, e.g. food allergies, as reported by us in a previous work. Due to the growing evidence of “Ca. Saccharibacteria”’s role in clinical settings and in order to unravel its role in host physiology and pathology, it is crucial to have a reliable method to detect and quantify this lineage.Methods and ResultsFour qPCR protocols for quantifying “Ca.Saccharibacteria” (one targeting the 23S rRNA gene and three the 16S) were selected from the literature among the few available. Efficiency and coverage of primer pairs used in these protocols were preliminary evaluated viain silicoanalyses on the “Ca.Saccharibacteria” known taxonomic variability, and then testedin vitroon the salivary DNA previously investigated by 16S metagenomics in the food allergy study.In silicoanalyses evidenced that the 23S qPCR protocol covered more “Ca. Saccharibacteria” variability compared to the 16S-based ones, and that the 16S metagenomics primers were the most comprehensive. qPCR experiments confirmed that 16S-based protocols strongly underestimated “Ca. Saccharibacteria” while the 23S protocol was the only one to yield results comparable to 16S metagenomics both in terms of correlation and absolute quantification. However, only 16S metagenomics evidenced an expansion of “Ca. Saccharibacteria” in allergic subjects compared to controls, while none of the four qPCR protocols detected it.ConclusionThese results underline the current limits in experimentally approaching “Ca. Saccharibacteria”. To obtain a more realistic picture of their abundance within bacterial communities, and to enable more efficient taxonomic resolution, it is essential to find novel experimental strategies. This is a necessary premise for more targeted and systematic functional studies to clarify the role of “Ca. Saccharibacteria” and, generally, CPR bacteria, in maintaining the health of the host.