bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Survival and treatment outcomes in patients with leptomeningeal disease from metastatic melanoma
Authors: Saberian Chantal , Milton Denái R , Simon Julie , Amaria Rodabe N , Diab Adi , McQuade Jennifer , Patel Sapna P , Tawbi Hussein , Yee Cassian , Wong Michael K , McCutcheon Ian E , Davies Michael A , Ferguson Sherise D , Glitza Oliva Isabella C 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
Melanoma leptomeningeal disease (LMD) has a poor prognosis. However, the management of patients with advanced melanoma has evolved with time, including those with LMD. We reviewed a large cohort of melanoma LMD patients to assess factors associated with survival.

Methods
Retrospective clinical data was collected on patients diagnosed with LMD at MD Anderson Cancer Center from 2015 to 2020. Overall survival (OS) was determined from LMD diagnosis to date of death or last follow-up. The Kaplan–Meier method and log-rank test were used to estimate OS and to assess univariate group differences, respectively. Multivariable associations of survival with variables of interest were determined using Cox proportional hazards regression models.

Results
A total of 172 patients were identified. The median age at LMD diagnosis was 53 (range 20–79) years, and all patients had radiographic evidence of LMD on magnetic resonance imaging of either brain or spine. In total 143 patients previously received systemic therapy (83%), with a median of 2 prior treatments (range 0–5). 81 patients (47%) had concurrent uncontrolled systemic disease and 80 patients (53%) had elevated serum LDH at the time of diagnosis. With a median follow-up of 4.0 months (range 0.1–65.3 months), median OS for all patients from LMD diagnosis was 4.9 months. Patients (n = 45) who received intrathecal therapy or systemic immunotherapy for LMD had a median OS of 8.0 months and 10.2 months, respectively. On multivariable analysis, decreased performance status, positive CSF cytology, elevated LDH, and whole brain radiation were associated with worse OS.

Conclusions
Despite many advances in therapeutic options, the outcomes of melanoma patients with LMD remains poor. However, a subset of patients appears to derive benefit from LMD-directed treatment.
Observation of quantum oscillations near the Mott-Ioffe-Regel limit in CaAs3
Authors: Wang Yuxiang , Zhao Minhao , Zhang Jinglei , Wu Wenbin , Li Shichao , Zhang Yong , Jiang Wenxiang , Joseph Nesta Benno , Xu Liangcai , Mou Yicheng , Yang Yunkun , Leng Pengliang , Zhang Yong , Pi Li , Suslov Alexey , Ozerov Mykhaylo , Wyzula Jan , Orlita Milan , Zhu Fengfeng , Zhang Yi , Kou Xufeng , Zhu Zengwei , Narayan Awadhesh , Qian Dong , Wen Jinsheng , Yuan Xiang , Xiu Faxian , Zhang Cheng 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
The Mott-Ioffe-Regel limit sets the lower bound of the carrier mean free path for coherent quasiparticle transport. Metallicity beyond this limit is of great interest because it is often closely related to quantum criticality and unconventional superconductivity. Progress along this direction mainly focuses on the strange-metal behaviors originating from the evolution of the quasiparticle scattering rate, such as linear-in-temperature resistivity, while the quasiparticle coherence phenomena in this regime are much less explored due to the short mean free path at the diffusive bound. Here we report the observation of quantum oscillations from Landau quantization near the Mott-Ioffe-Regel limit in CaAs3. Despite the insulator-like temperature dependence of resistivity, CaAs3 presents giant magnetoresistance and prominent Shubnikov–de Haas oscillations from Fermi surfaces, indicating highly coherent band transport. In contrast, quantum oscillation is absent in the magnetic torque. The quasiparticle effective mass increases systematically with magnetic fields, manifesting a much larger value than what is expected based on magneto-infrared spectroscopy. This suggests a strong many-body renormalization effect near the Fermi surface. We find that these unconventional behaviors may be explained by the interplay between the mobility edge and the van Hove singularity, which results in the formation of coherent cyclotron orbits emerging at the diffusive bound. Our results call for further study on the electron correlation effect of the van Hove singularity.
Effects of increasing dietary arginine supply during the three first weeks after weaning on pig growth performance, plasma amino acid concentrations, and health status
Authors: Perez-Palencia Jorge Y , Ramirez-Camba Christian D , Haydon Keith , Urschel Kristine L , Levesque Crystal L 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
A total of 425 weaned pigs (Exp. 1: 225 pigs [5.8 ± 0.9 kg]; Exp. 2: 200 pigs [6.1 ± 1.2 kg]) were used to determine the optimal dietary standardized ileal digestible (SID) arginine (Arg) level in early nursery diets based on growth and health responses. The basal diet in Exp.1 was formulated to meet SID Arg recommendation (0.66%; NRC, 2012) and in Exp. 2, SID Arg was set to simulate current industry practices for feeding nursery pigs (1.15 %). Basal diets were supplemented with 0.3%, 0.6%, 0.9%, and 1.2% of l-arginine to provide five levels of dietary SID Arg. Experimental diets were fed during phases I (days 0 to 7) and II (days 8 to 21) with common diets until market. Feed disappearance and body weight (BW) were measured on days 7, 14, 21, and 43. Final BW was recorded at first removal of pigs for market. Pen fecal score was assigned daily from days 0 to 21. Plasma immunoglobulin A (IgA) was determined on days 0, 7, and 14 and amino acids (AAs) concentration and plasma urea nitrogen (PUN) on days 0 and 14. Orthogonal polynomial contrasts were used to determine the linear and quadratic effects of dietary Arg. Optimal SID Arg was determined by fitting the data with piecewise regression, using growth performance as the primary response variable. In Exp. 1, dietary Arg linearly increased (P &lt; 0.1) BW, average daily gain (ADG), and gain to feed ratio (G:F) ratio on day 21, as well as reduced (χ2 = 0.004) the percentage of pigs that lost weight (PLW) in week 1 by 29%. Dietary Arg resulted in linear improvement (P = 0.082) of ADG for the overall nursery period and quadratic improvement (P &lt; 0.1) of final BW at marketing. In Exp. 2, dietary Arg linearly increased (P &lt; 0.05) ADG and average daily feed intake (ADFI) in week 1, BW and ADFI (P &lt; 0.1) on day 14, as well as reduced (χ2 ≤ 0.001) PLW in week 1. From days 0 to 21, G:F was improved quadratically (P &lt; 0.1). Dietary Arg linearly increased (P &lt; 0.1) ADG and BW on day 43. Dietary Arg supplementation decreased the incidence (χ2 &lt; 0.05) of soft and watery feces during the first weeks after weaning and lower concentration of plasma IgA on days 7 and 14. Dietary Arg linearly and/or quadratically influenced plasma AA concentrations (P &lt; 0.05), including an increase in Arg, Leu, Phe, Val, citrulline, ornithine, and PUN concentrations. Overall, weaned pigs exhibit optimal nursery growth performance and health when provided with dietary SID Arg ranging from 1.5% to 1.9%. This dietary range contributes to a reduction in the occurrence of fall-back pigs and improvements in final BW at marketing.
Administering the maternal appeasing substance before slaughter to improve carcass characteristics of finishing cattle
Authors: Mackey Shea J , Cooke Reinaldo F , Pickett Autumn T 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Two experiments evaluated carcass characteristics of finishing steers administered the maternal bovine appeasing substance (mBAS) prior to slaughter. In Exp. 1, 954 Angus-influenced finishing steers housed in 6 original pens were used. Each original pen was split into a pair of experimental pens 14.3 d ± 3 d prior to slaughter, in a manner that number of steers and average pen body weight (BW; 636 ± 4 kg) were similar. An oiler containing mBAS (Ferappease Finish Cattle 5%; FERA Diagnostics and Biologicals; College Station, TX) was added to one of the experimental pens 7 d prior to slaughter (n = 6), whereas the other pen did not contain an oiler (CON; n = 6). The oiler delivered 120 mL of mBAS/steer during a 7-d period. Steer BW was recorded 7 d prior to and during loading (final BW) to the packing plant. No treatment effects were detected (P ≥ 0.51) for BW gain, final BW, and proportion of carcasses that graded Choice or Prime. Carcass dressing percentage was greater (P = 0.02) in mBAS compared with CON steers (65.9% vs. 64.2%; SEM = 0.5), which was not sufficient to impact hot carcass weight (HCW; P = 0.29). Incidence of dark-cutting carcasses did not differ between treatments (P = 0.23). In Exp. 2, 80 Angus-influenced finishing steers housed in 16 pens (5 steers/pen; 600 ± 4 kg of BW) were used. Pens were arranged in 4 rows of 4 pens/row, and rows were alternately assigned to receive an oiler containing mBAS (n = 8) or mineral oil (CON+; n = 8) 7 d prior to slaughter. Oilers were designed to deliver 120 mL/steer of mBAS or mineral oil during the 7-d period. Steer BW was recorded as in Exp. 1, and a blood sample was collected during exsanguination. No treatment effects were detected (P ≥ 0.20) for BW parameters, carcass marbling score, backfat thickness, Longissimus muscle area, yield grade, and proportion of carcasses that graded Choice or Prime. Carcass dressing was greater (P = 0.02) in mBAS steers compared with CON + (60.6 vs. 59.6%; SEM = 0.3) but HCW did not differ (P = 0.47) between treatments. Plasma cortisol concentration was less (P &lt; 0.01) in mBAS steers compared with CON + (11.7 vs. 20.8 ng/mL; SEM = 1.6). Incidence of dark-cutting carcasses did not differ (P = 0.53) between treatments. In summary, mBAS administration to finishing cattle using oilers during the last 7 d on feed alleviated the adrenocortical stress response elicited by the process of slaughter, which likely resulted in increased carcass dressing.
UPLC-MS based metabonomics revealed the protective effects of Buyang Huanwu decoction on ischemic stroke rats
Authors: Wang Rou-jun , Ma Guang-chao , Yu Shun , Zhang Mei , Pu Shi-biao 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Objective
Storke is a leading cause of death and disability affecting million people worldwide, 80% of which is ischemic stroke (IS). Recently, traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) have received great attentions in treating IS due to their low poisonous effects and high safety. Buyang Huanwu Decoction (BHD), a famous and classical Chinese prescription, has been used for treating stroke-induced disability for centuries. Yet, its underlying mechanism is still in fancy.

Methods
We first constructed an IS model by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Then, a metabonomics study on serum samples was performed using UHPLC-QTOF/MS, followed by multivariate data analysis including principal components analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminate analysis (OPLS-DA).

Results
Metabolic profiling of PCA indicated metabolic perturbation caused by MCAO was regulated by BHD back to normal levels, which is in agreement with the neurobehavioral evaluations. In the OPLS-DA, 12 metabolites were screened as potential biomarkers involved in MCAO-induced IS. Three metabolic pathways were recognized as the most relevant pathways, involving one carbon pool by folate, sphingolipid metabolism and inositol phosphate metabolism. BHD significantly reversed the abnormality of 7 metabolites to normal levels.

Conclusions
This is the first study to investigate the effect of BHD on IS at the metabolite level and to reveal the underlying mechanisms of BHD, which is complementary to neurobehavioral evaluation. In a broad sense, the current study brings novel and valuable insights to evaluate efficacy of TCMs, to interpret the action mechanisms, and to provide the theoretical basis for further research on the therapeutic mechanisms in clinical practice.
Risk of human leptospirosis in Colombia: spatiotemporal analysis and related hydroclimatic factors
Authors: Montenegro-Idrogo Juan José , Bonilla-Aldana D Katterine , Rodríguez-Morales Alfonso J 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
Leptospirosis is an endemic zoonosis in tropical areas that is mainly related to rural activities; nevertheless, human leptospirosis (HL) outbreaks differ among regions. In Colombia, HL notifications are mandatory. Our objective was to determine the spatiotemporal distribution of HL in Colombia during 2007–2018 and its relationship with the main hydroclimatic variables.

Methods
We determined the estimated incidence and lethality of HL according to department and year. The Bayesian spatiotemporal analysis of an autoregressive model (STAR) model included HL cases and hydroclimatic factors (average temperature, rainfall and relative humidity) for quarterly periods.

Results
During the study period, 10 586 HL cases were registered (estimated incidence: 1.75 cases x 105) and 243 deaths by HL (lethality 2.3%). The STAR model found association of HL risk with temperature (RR:6.80; 95% CI 3.57 to 12.48) and space. Quindío and three other Amazonian departments (Guainía, Guaviare and Putumayo) had a positive relationship with a significant number of HL cases, adjusted for quarterly precipitation and humidity.

Conclusion
Spatial analysis showed a high risk of HL in departments of the western Andean Colombian regions. By contrast, in the spatiotemporal model, a higher HL risk was associated with temperature and departments of the North Colombian Amazon regions and Quindío in the Colombian Andean region.
Presymptomatic Leaf Reflectance of Fusarium virguliforme-Infected Soybean Plants in Greenhouse Conditions
Authors: Brown Mariama T. , Oh Sungchan , Rainey Katy M. , Telenko Darcy E. P. 
Published: April 2024

Sudden death syndrome of soybean is caused by a soilborne pathogen, Fusarium virguliforme. Prior to visible foliar symptoms, a destructive technique can be carried out to diagnose root infection. Hyperspectral sensors can be a presymptomatic and nondestructive alternative for plant disease diagnosis. This study was designed to relate leaf spectral reflectance to F. virguliforme root infection in the absence of foliar symptoms. Soybean plants were grown under controlled greenhouse conditions. The spectral reflectance of the plants was measured weekly beginning at 21 days after transplanting up until 42 days after transplanting using a swing hyperspectral imaging system fixed on a gantry. Destructive root sampling confirmed F. virguliforme root infection using real-time PCR. The most relevant wavelengths for discrimination were selected using the ReliefF algorithm. Three machine learning models (partial least squares discriminant analysis, support vector machine, and random forest) were evaluated for classification accuracy using the selected wavelengths. Relevant wavelengths for differentiating between the healthy and F. virguliforme-infected plants were found in the visible and red-edge region from 500 to 750 nm and the shortwave infrared region from 1,400 to 2,350 nm. In the absence of visible foliar symptoms, classification results showed over 79% mean F1 scores for all models. Partial least squares discriminant analysis was able to differentiate healthy and F. virguliforme-infected plants with a mean F1 score of 83.1 to 85.3% and a kappa statistic of 0.43 to 0.54. This work supports the use of hyperspectral remote sensing for early presymptomatic disease diagnosis under a controlled environment. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
Impact of Applicants’ Characteristics and Geographic Connections to Residency Programs on Preference Signaling Outcomes in the Match
Authors: Benjamin William J. , Lenze Nicholas R. , Bohm Lauren A. , Thorne Marc C. , Abraham Reeni , Sepdham Dan , Mihalic Angela P. , Kupfer Robbi A. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Purpose
To assess the impact of applicant and residency program characteristics on preference signaling outcomes in the Match during the first 2 years of implementation across 6 specialties.

Method
Data were obtained from the Texas Seeking Transparency in Application to Residency survey for applicants applying into otolaryngology during the 2020–2021 and 2021–2022 application cycles and into dermatology, internal medicine (categorical and preliminary year), general surgery, and urology during the 2021–2022 application cycle. The primary outcome was signal yield, defined as the number of interviews at signaled programs divided by the total number of signals sent. Associations with applicant-reported characteristics and geographic connections to residency programs were assessed using Wilcoxon rank sum testing, Spearman’s rank correlation testing, and ordinary least squares regression.

Results
1,749 applicants with preference signaling data were included from internal medicine (n = 884), general surgery (n = 291), otolaryngology (n = 217), dermatology (n = 147), urology (n = 124), and internal medicine preliminary year (n = 86). On average 60.9% (standard deviation 32.3%) of signals resulted in an interview (signal yield). There was a stepwise increase in signal yield with the percentage of signals sent to programs with a geographic connection (57.3% for no signals vs. 68.9% for 5 signals, P < .01). Signal yield was positively associated with applicant characteristics, such as United States Medical Licensing Exam Step 1 and 2 scores, honors society membership, and number of publications (P < .01). Applicants reporting a lower class rank quartile were significantly more likely to have a higher percentage of their interviews come from signaled programs (P < .01).

Conclusions
Signal yield is significantly associated with geographic connections to residency programs and applicant competitiveness based on traditional metrics. These findings can inform applicants, programs, and specialties as preference signaling grows.
Development and Pilot Testing of a Longitudinal Skills-Based Feedback and Conflict Resolution Curriculum for Internal Medicine Residents
Authors: Ortiz Worthington Rebeca , Sekar Dheepa , McNeil Melissa , Rothenberger Scott , Merriam Sarah 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Problem
Physicians in training are responsible for leading clinical teams, coordinating interdisciplinary management, navigating conflict, and supervising and giving feedback to junior learners. Giving feedback and resolving conflict are key leadership skills for internal medicine (IM) residents, many of whom desire additional training. Although these skills are integral to successful leadership for physicians in training, residents receive little explicit education and existing curricula have not established best practices for skill acquisition.

Approach
Study authors designed a pilot longitudinal, skills-based curriculum to teach first- through third-year IM residents at the University of Pittsburgh how to give formative feedback and engage in conflict resolution. From February to May 2021, authors delivered a series of interactive lectures utilizing frameworks, workplace-based scenarios, skills practice, and discussion. Skills transfer was evaluated with novel pre- and postcurriculum objective structured clinical examinations (OSCEs) wherein participants played the role of senior resident. Each OSCE involved 2 feedback and 2 conflict resolution stations. OSCE performances were evaluated using an author-created checklist with a 1–4 rating scale. The exposure group comprised post-OSCE participants who attended the curriculum. Data were analyzed using a mixed effects regression model.

Outcomes
Thirty-six residents participated in curriculum evaluation, and 23 were included in postcurriculum data analysis. Within feedback, the skill “explores feedback content” significantly improved for exposure group participants (precurriculum median, 2.64; postcurriculum, 3.24; P < .05). For conflict resolution, among the exposure group, the skill “identifies a common goal, value, or purpose” significantly improved (pre, 3.10; post, 3.62; P < .05).

Next Steps
This curriculum and evaluation can serve as a stepping stone for further evidence-based leadership frameworks, curricula, and evaluations developed specifically for physicians within their unique leadership roles. The feedback and conflict resolution frameworks used in this curriculum can be applied to various medical specialties, with specialty-relevant scenario adaptations for interactive skills practice.
Social Network Analysis in Undergraduate and Postgraduate Medical Education: A Scoping Review
Authors: Steinert Yvonne , Fontes Kimberly , Mortaz-Hejri Sara , Quaiattini Andrea , Yousefi Nooraie Reza 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Social network analysis (SNA) is a theoretical framework and analytical approach used to study relationships among individuals and groups. While SNA has been employed by many disciplines to understand social structures and dynamics of interpersonal relationships, little is known about its use in medical education. Mapping and synthesizing the scope of SNA in undergraduate and postgraduate medical education can inform educational practice and research.

Method
This scoping review was based on searches conducted in Medline, Embase, Scopus, and ERIC in December 2020 and updated in March 2022. After removal of duplicates, the search strategy yielded 5,284 records, of which 153 met initial inclusion criteria. Team members conducted full-text reviews, extracted relevant data, and conducted descriptive and thematic analyses to determine how SNA has been used as a theoretical and analytical approach in undergraduate and postgraduate medical education.

Results
Thirty studies, from 11 countries, were retained. Most studies focused on undergraduate medical students, primarily in online environments, and explored students’ friendships, information sharing, and advice seeking through SNA. Few studies included residents and attending staff. Findings suggested that SNA can be a helpful tool for monitoring students’ interactions in online courses and clinical clerkships. SNA can also be used to examine the impact of social networks on achievement, the influence of social support and informal learning outside the classroom, and the role of homophily in learning. In clinical settings, SNA can help explore team dynamics and knowledge exchange among medical trainees.

Conclusions
While SNA has been underutilized in undergraduate and postgraduate medical education, findings indicate that SNA can help uncover the structure and impact of social networks in the classroom and the clinical setting. SNA can also be used to help design educational experiences, monitor learning, and evaluate pedagogical interventions. Future directions for SNA research in medical education are described.