bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nitrogen Effects on Herbage Nitrogen Use and Nutritive Value in a Meadow and Loblolly Pine Alley
Authors: Burner David M. , MacKown Charles T. 
Published: March 2006

ABSTRACTHerbage response to N is poorly understood in alley cropping systems. Our objective was to determine site specific effects of N on herbage N use and nutritive value in separate experiments conducted in a meadow and a loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) alley (995 trees ha−1) near Booneville, AR. Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) was the predominant herbage species. Fertilizer N was broadcast as split‐applications at six rates (100 kg ha−1 increments from 0 to 500 kg ha−1 yr−1). The proportion of total herbage as tall fescue was favored at rates ≥ 200 kg N ha−1, but these rates increased concentrations of herbage NO3−–N in the pine alley to potentially harmful levels for grazing ruminants (>2300 μg NO3−–N g−1). Cumulative herbage N use efficiency (CNUE) was 23 and 10 kg dry weight per kilogram supplied N for the meadow and pine alley, respectively. Cumulative N acquisition efficiency (CNAE), not cumulative N conversion efficiency (CNCE), appeared to be the primary driver of low CNUE in the pine alley. The apparent increase in crude protein (CP) in pine alley vs. meadow herbage appeared to be a mechanistic response to decreased specific leaf weight. Only maintenance levels (≤100 kg ha−1) of N fertilization should be applied to pine alley herbage given the low CNUE, and risk of NO3−–N toxicity to ruminant livestock at higher N rates.
Genetic Effects of Thirteen Gossypium barbadense L. Chromosome Substitution Lines in Topcrosses with Upland Cotton Cultivars: I. Yield and Yield Components
Authors: Jenkins Johnie N. , Wu Jixiang , McCarty Jack C. , Saha Sukumar , Gutiérrez Osman , Hayes Russell , Stelly David M. 
Published: March 2006

ABSTRACTGossypium barbadense L. line 3–79 is lower in yield, has smaller bolls and longer, finer, and stronger fibers than upland cotton G. hirsutum L. Thirteen chromosome substitution (CS‐B) lines with individual 3–79 chromosomes or arms substituted into TM‐1, G. hirsutum, were top crossed with five elite cultivars and additive and dominance effects for the yield components, lint percentage, boll weight, seed cotton yield, and lint yield, were measured over four environments. Additive effects were greater than dominance effects for all traits. CS‐B lines had smaller additive and homozygous dominance effects than the cultivars for most traits. Many CS‐B lines had negative additive effects; however, chromosome substituted arms 22sh and 22Lo showed additive effects for lint yield that were significantly greater than homologous chromosome arms in TM‐1. Hybrids of DP90 × CS‐B15sh, ST 474 × CS‐B17, and FM 966 × CS‐B02 had positive dominance effects for lint yield significantly greater than the homologous chromosomes in TM‐1. Several chromosomes or arms were associated with significant negative additive or dominance effects. These data provide a valuable baseline on yield components for the utility of these CS‐B lines in commercial breeding programs. When individual chromosomes or chromosome arms, via CS‐B lines, are used in crosses with cultivars, alleles for yield components on specific G. barbadense chromosomes were uncovered that showed positive interactions with alleles in elite germplasm.
Validation of Quantitative Trait Loci for Multiple Disease Resistance in Barley Using Advanced Backcross Lines Developed with a Wild Barley
Authors: Yun S. J. , Gyenis L. , Bossolini E. , Hayes P. M. , Matus I. , Smith K. P. , Steffenson B. J. , Tuberosa R. , Muehlbauer G. J. 
Published: March 2006

ABSTRACTQuantitative trait loci (QTLs) for resistance to spot blotch {Cochliobolus sativus (Ito & Kurib.) Drechs. ex Dastur [anamorph: Bipolaris sorokiniana (Sacc. in Sorok.) Shoem.]}, net type net blotch (NTNB, Pyrenophora teres f. teres), Septoria speckled leaf blotch (SSLB, primarily Septoria passerinii Sacc.), and leaf scald [caused by Rhynchosporium secalis (Oudem.) Davis] were previously detected in a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from a cross between the wild barley [Hordeum vulgare subsp. spontaneum (K. Koch) Thell.] accession OUH602 and the two‐rowed malting barley (H vulgare L.) cultivar Harrington. Our objectives in this study were to develop and genetically characterize an advanced backcross (AB) population with OUH602 as the donor parent and Harrington as the recurrent parent, to validate seedling disease resistance QTLs detected in the OUH602/Harrington RIL population, and to identify adult plant spot blotch resistance QTLs. We developed an AB population (BC2F6:8) and genotyped the population with a set of 111 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. The estimated donor‐parent genome introgression averaged 11.25%. A QTL analysis of the AB population validated all major QTLs previously identified in the OUH602/Harrington RIL population. No new QTLs for seedling resistance were identified in the AB population, indicating that AB populations do not provide an advantage compared with RIL populations for detecting seedling disease resistance QTLs. A previously unidentified QTL conferring adult plant spot blotch resistance was identified on chromosome 4(4H). The resistance alleles for each of the QTLs were contributed by OUH602. The AB population is a valuable resource for further genetic studies and breeding applications.
Tillage Effects on Wheat Emergence and Yield at Varying Seeding Rates, and on Labor and Fuel Consumption
Authors: Lithourgidis A. S. , Dhima K. V. , Damalas C. A. , Vasilakoglou I. B. , Eleftherohorinos I. G. 
Published: March 2006

ABSTRACTConservation tillage systems can play an important role in reducing soil erosion and improving soil quality with the extra benefit of being equal to or more economical than conventional tillage; however, yield variability still remains a major concern among farmers. Field experiments were conducted in 2003 through 2004 and 2004 through 2005 in northern Greece to determine the effect of seeding rate (100, 150, 200, and 250 kg ha−1) on wheat establishment and grain yield under three tillage systems (minimum, reduced, and conventional tillage). In addition, labor time and fuel consumption for wheat production under these tillage systems were compared. For all tillage systems, the greatest number of wheat plants was recorded at the two highest seeding rates (P < 0.05). However, wheat plant numbers, averaged over seeding rates, were reduced by 11 to 17% in minimum tillage compared with conventional and reduced tillage systems in both growing seasons. Ear numbers were unaffected by tillage systems but generally increased with the increased seed rate. However, differences were not found in grain yield either among tillage systems or seeding rates. Regarding labor time and fuel consumption, 50 and 53% savings was achieved with minimum tillage, respectively, and 43 and 48% with reduced tillage in comparison with conventional tillage. These findings indicate that wheat can be grown successfully under conservation tillage systems with yields equal to those of conventional tillage and lower labor and fuel inputs. Increasing of seeding rate favored crop establishment in all tillage systems, but it did not provide any grain yield advantage.
Evolution of North American Dent Corn from Public to Proprietary Germplasm
Authors: Mikel Mark A. , Dudley John W. 
Published: March 2006

ABSTRACTCurrent corn (Zea mays L.) hybrids are produced using proprietary inbred lines as parents. These proprietary lines are protected by U.S. Patent and/or the U.S. Plant Variety Protection Act (PVPA) and their use is restricted, but as protection expires these lines become available to the entire corn breeding industry. Our objectives were to gain understanding of this protected germplasm by utilizing pedigree information available in the U.S. Patent and PVPA records to enhance the use of this germplasm in new line development as the lines become publicly available. Ownership, derivation, and lineage of corn inbred lines protected by U.S. Patent or PVPA from 1980 to 2004 were surveyed. Thirty‐three companies have protected 908 corn inbred lines and four of these companies: Dekalb Genetics (DK), Holden's Foundation Seeds (LH), Pioneer Hi‐Bred (PH), and Syngenta (SG) originated 685 of them. We identified the most significant lines by their cumulative use as parents in the development of new lines. Much of today's germplasm originates from seven progenitor lines: B73, LH82, LH123, PH207, PH595, PHG39, and Mo17. The germplasm surveyed is grouped by pedigree lineage into Oh43, Lancaster, Oh07‐Midland, Iodent, Stiff Stalk, Commercial hybrid derived, and Argentine Maiz Amargo backgrounds, with new diversity emerging from the two latter groups. Recycling elite inbred lines using two‐parent crosses followed by pedigree breeding was the most prevalent method of new line development.
Identification and Monosomic Analysis of Tan Spot Resistance Genes in Synthetic Wheat Lines (Triticum turgidum L. × Aegilops tauschii Coss.)
Authors: Tadesse Wuletaw , Hsam Sai L.K. , Wenzel Gerhard , Zeller Friedrich J. 
Published: March 2006

ABSTRACTTan spot, caused by the fungus Pyrenophora tritici‐repentis (Died.) Drechs. (Ptr), anamorph Drechslera tritici‐repentis (Died.) Shoem., is becoming a major yield limiting leaf disease of both durum (Triticum turgidum L. var durum) and common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) worldwide. In this study, differential isolates and varieties were developed, and using the most virulent isolate, ASC1b, we screened about 100 synthetic wheat genotypes against the disease. Two (2%) and 20 (20.4%) of the genotypes were found to be immune and highly resistant, respectively. Monosomic analyses of the F2 hybrids (crosses of the highly resistant accessions (XX41, XX45) and the moderately resistant accession XX110 with the monosomic lines (D‐genome) of the wheat cultivar Chinese Spring have revealed that the resistance genes are located on chromosome 3D. The gene in lines XX41 and XX110 showed a recessive monogenic inheritance, whereas the gene in line XX45 exhibited a dominant mode of inheritance. The recessive genes from XX41 and XX110 are tentatively named tsn3 and tsn‐syn1, respectively, and the dominant gene from XX45 is named as Tsn‐syn2.
Modeling and inferential control of the batch acetylation of cellulose
Authors: Dubey Anshul , Realff Matthew J. , Lee Jay H. , Schork F. Joseph , Butté Alessandro , Ollé Bernat , Kizer Lawton E. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe batch acetylation of cellulose involves two main stages, acetylation followed by hydrolysis. Mathematical models were constructed for these processes using reaction parameters obtained from earlier publications. The two models were then combined, along with a model predicting the cellulose feedstock moisture content. The overall temperature profiles as well as the final degree of acetylation and polymerization were shown to match the data obtained from a commercial process. From the results of the model and the observations made in a typical process, it has been established that this process is highly sensitive to disturbances in the input streams that can result in unacceptable final properties of the batch. Because the exact disturbance occurring in a batch cannot be identified and measured, inferential control is used to formulate an intrabatch control strategy. Support vector regression is used to make predictions on the final properties of the batch. These predictions, along with the model of the hydrolysis stage, are used to estimate the inputs that, when applied during hydrolysis, can counter the disturbances caused during the acetylation stage. Simulations show that this hydrolysis control strategy can improve the average batch properties of cellulose acetate required for subsequent processing. © 2006 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2006
Prenatal diagnosis of hypochondroplasia: Report of two cases
Authors: Karadimas C. , Sifakis S. , Valsamopoulos P. , Makatsoris C. , Velissariou V. , Nasioulas G. , Petersen M. B. , Koumantakis E. , Hatzaki A. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractHypochondroplasia (HCH) is an autosomal dominant skeletal dysplasia characterized by short extremities, short stature and lumbar lordosis, usually exhibiting a phenotype similar to but milder than achondroplasia (ACH). Mutations in the fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) gene are present in a significant proportion of HCH patients. Reports of prenatal diagnosis of HCH are very rare and the phenotype/genotype correlation in these patients is poor. Here we present two sporadic cases with second trimester ultrasound findings consistent with a diagnosis of a non‐lethal skeletal dysplasia. Ultrasound evaluation after 23 weeks of gestation showed a decreased rate of development of the femora (femur length <fifth centile), while biparietal diameter, abdominal circumference, and foot length were within normal limits. Femur length/foot and femur length/abdominal circumference ratios were <0.87 and <0.18, respectively. Prenatal cytogenetic and molecular genetic analysis was performed. Karyotype was normal and FGFR3 G380R mutation characteristic of ACH was excluded in both fetuses. Molecular genetic analysis carried out retrospectively revealed that both fetuses were heterozygous for the C1620A mutation resulting in N540K substitution in FGFR3, the most common mutation in HCH. We conclude that the combination of ultrasound and molecular genetic approach is helpful for establishing an accurate diagnosis of HCH in utero and subsequently for appropriate genetic counseling and perinatal management. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Frizzled‐related protein variants are risk factors for hip osteoarthritis
Authors: Lane N. E. , Lian K. , Nevitt M. C. , Zmuda J. M. , Lui L. , Li J. , Wang J. , Fontecha M. , Umblas N. , Rosenbach M. , de Leon P. , Corr M. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the association of the Arg200Trp and Arg324Gly variants of FRZB with the risk and phenotype of radiographic osteoarthritis (OA) of the hip and serum levels of Frizzled‐related protein (FRP) in a prospective cohort of elderly Caucasian women.MethodsRadiographic hip OA status of patients was defined by the presence of severe joint space narrowing (JSN) (feature grade ≥3), a summary grade ≥3, or definite osteophytes (grade ≥2) and JSN (grade ≥2) in the same hip. Genotypes were obtained in 569 patients with radiographic OA of the hip and in 1,317 and 4,136 controls for the Arg200Trp and Arg324Gly variants, respectively. Serum FRP levels were measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Multivariate logistic regression was performed.ResultsThe minor allele frequency for the Arg200Trp polymorphism was 0.12 in the control group compared with 0.14 in the group with radiographic OA of the hip (P = 0.12), and the minor allele frequency for the Arg324Gly variant was 0.083 in the control group compared with 0.088 in the group with radiographic OA of the hip (P = 0.63). The multilocus genotypes available in 1,886 subjects suggested that inheritance of both minor alleles was a risk factor for developing OA characterized by JSN (P < 0.01). Patients with radiographic OA of the hip who were homozygous for the Arg200Trp minor allele had higher serum FRP levels than controls who were homozygous for the major allele.ConclusionOur data confirm findings of another study, that a rare haplotype with both Arg200Trp and Arg324Gly FRZB variants contributes to the genetic susceptibility to hip OA among Caucasian women, and that these polymorphisms may contribute to increased serum levels of proteins as biomarkers of OA.
Contribution of activin receptor–like kinase 5 (transforming growth factor β receptor type I) signaling to the fibrotic phenotype of scleroderma fibroblasts
Authors: Chen Yunliang , Shi‐Wen Xu , Eastwood Mark , Black Carol M. , Denton Christopher P. , Leask Andrew , Abraham David J. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractObjectiveTo use a specific transforming growth factor β receptor type I (TGFβRI; activin receptor–like kinase 5 [ALK‐5]) kinase inhibitor (SD208) to determine the role of activation of the TGFβRI kinase (ALK‐5) in maintaining the profibrotic phenotype of dermal fibroblasts in systemic sclerosis (SSc).MethodsThe effect of SD208 on the expression of key biochemical markers of the fibrotic phenotype was compared in fibroblasts cultured from clinically involved (lesional) and clinically uninvolved skin of patients with diffuse cutaneous SSc (dcSSc) and in fibroblasts from healthy controls matched for age, sex, and anatomic site. Protein expression was compared together with the ability of fibroblasts to adhere to the extracellular matrix and to remodel and contract a free‐floating fibroblast–populated type I collagen lattice.ResultsInhibiting TGFβRI kinase reduced the expression of a cohort of fibrotic markers by dermal fibroblasts from patients with dcSSc, including type I collagen and β1 integrin. Moreover, inhibition also attenuated the elevated adhesive and contractile abilities of dcSSc fibroblasts.ConclusionOur data suggest that some of the key profibrotic features of lesional SSc fibroblasts are dependent upon ALK‐5 activity. Thus, TGFβRI kinase–mediated signaling may contribute to dermal fibrosis in dcSSc.
Low vitamin K status is associated with osteoarthritis in the hand and knee
Authors: Neogi Tuhina , Booth Sarah L. , Zhang Yu Qing , Jacques Paul F. , Terkeltaub Robert , Aliabadi Piran , Felson David T. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractObjectivePoor intake of vitamin K is common. Insufficient vitamin K can result in abnormal cartilage and bone mineralization. Furthermore, osteophyte growth, seen in osteoarthritis (OA), may be a vitamin K–dependent process. We undertook this study to determine whether vitamin K deficiency is associated with radiographic features of OA.MethodsWe conducted an analysis among 672 participants (mean age 65.6 years, 358 women) in the Framingham Offspring Study, a population‐based prospective observational cohort. Levels of plasma phylloquinone (the primary form of vitamin K) had previously been measured in these participants, for whom we also had bilateral hand and knee radiographs. The main outcomes were 1) prevalence ratios (PRs) of OA, osteophytes, and joint space narrowing (JSN) per quartile of plasma phylloquinone level for each joint, adjusting for correlated joints using generalized estimating equations, and 2) adjusted mean number of joints with each feature per quartile of plasma phylloquinone level. Analyses were conducted in hands and knees separately and adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, total energy intake, plasma vitamin D, and femoral neck bone mineral density.ResultsThe PRs for OA, osteophytes, and JSN and adjusted mean number of joints with all 3 features in the hand decreased significantly with increasing plasma phylloquinone levels (P ≤ 0.03 for all). For example, as plasma phylloquinone levels rose, the PR for hand OA decreased from 1.0 to 0.7 (P = 0.005). For the knee, only the PR for osteophytes and the adjusted mean number of knee joints with osteophytes decreased significantly with increasing plasma phylloquinone levels (PR decreased from 1.0 to 0.6, P = 0.01).ConclusionThese observational data support the hypothesis of an association between low plasma levels of vitamin K and increased prevalence of OA manifestations in the hand and knee.
A high‐resolution magnetic resonance imaging study of distal interphalangeal joint arthropathy in psoriatic arthritis and osteoarthritis: Are they the same?
Authors: Tan Ai Lyn , Grainger Andrew J. , Tanner Steven F. , Emery Paul , McGonagle Dennis 
Published: March 2006

AbstractObjectiveDistal interphalangeal (DIP) joint arthropathy is characteristic of both psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and osteoarthritis (OA), but the microanatomic basis for DIP joint localization is poorly understood. This study used high‐resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to investigate the basis for hand disease localization in both conditions.MethodsTwenty patients matched for disease duration (10 with DIP joint PsA and 10 with DIP joint OA) and 10 normal control subjects were scanned with a 1.5T MRI scanner utilizing a high‐resolution 23‐mm diameter surface coil with displayed pixel dimensions of 80–100 μm. Images were obtained precontrast and postcontrast, and all joint structures, including ligaments, tendons, and entheses, were evaluated by 2 independent assessors.ResultsPsA could be distinguished from OA on the basis of more severe inflammation in the collateral ligaments and the extensor tendons and more severe changes at the corresponding DIP joint entheseal insertions. A much greater degree of extracapsular enhancement, with diffuse involvement of the nailbed and diffuse bone edema without cartilage damage, was also typical of PsA. Compared with the normal controls, the OA cohort exhibited prominent ligament and entheseal changes, but with much less contrast enhancement than in PsA and less bone involvement at the insertions.ConclusionThese findings suggest prominent inflammatory changes in ligament, tendon, enthesis, and adjacent bone in the DIP joint disease of PsA patients. Involvement of the same structures is common in the DIP joints of OA patients, but inflammatory changes are much less marked. These findings are potentially important for a better understanding of arthritis in humans.
The HLA–DRB1 shared epitope alleles are primarily a risk factor for anti–cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies and are not an independent risk factor for development of rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: van der Helm‐van Mil Annette H. M. , Verpoort Kirsten N. , Breedveld Ferdinand C. , Huizinga Tom W. J. , Toes René E. M. , de Vries René R. P. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractObjectiveThe shared epitope (SE)–containing HLA–DRB1 alleles represent the most significant genetic risk factor for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Recent studies indicate that the SE alleles are associated with only RA that is characterized by the presence of anti–cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti‐CCP) antibodies, and not with anti‐CCP–negative disease. In this study we investigated whether the SE alleles contribute to the development of anti‐CCP–positive RA, or whether they are associated solely with the presence of anti‐CCP antibodies. We therefore determined the influence of the SE alleles and anti‐CCP antibodies on the progression from recent‐onset undifferentiated arthritis (UA) to RA.MethodsPatients with recent‐onset UA at the 2‐week visit (n = 570) were selected from the Leiden Early Arthritis Cohort. SE alleles, rheumatoid factor (RF) status, and anti‐CCP antibody levels were determined. Progression to RA or other diagnoses was monitored.ResultsOne hundred seventy‐seven patients with UA developed RA during the 1‐year followup, whereas the disease in 393 patients remained unclassified or was given other diagnoses. The SE alleles correlated with the presence of anti‐CCP antibodies, but not with the presence of RF. Both in SE‐positive and in SE‐negative patients with UA, the presence of anti‐CCP antibodies was significantly associated with the development of RA. More intriguingly, however, no apparent contribution of the SE alleles to the progression to RA was found when analyses were stratified according to the presence of anti‐CCP antibodies. In patients with anti‐CCP–positive disease, the presence of SE alleles was associated with significantly higher levels of anti‐CCP antibodies, suggesting that the SE alleles act as classic immune response genes.ConclusionThe SE alleles do not independently contribute to the progression to RA from UA, but rather contribute to the development of anti‐CCP antibodies.