bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of urinary protein concentration and protein/creatinine ratio vs routine microscopy in urinalysis of dogs: 500 cases (1987-1988)
Authors: Fettman Martin J. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
The clinical problems and results of urinalyses of 500 dogs were reviewed and summarized to compare the sensitivities for detection of abnormalities indicative oj urinary system disease among qualitative (sulfosalicylic acid [ssa]), quantitative (Coomassie brilliant blue [cbb]), and indexed (urinary protein/creatinine ratio [u(p/c) determinations of urinary protein loss vs microscopic examination of urine sediment. False-negative rates for the detection of microscopically abnormal urine specimens were 5.4% for ssa ≥ 1 +, 8.5% for cbb ≥ 1.0 mg/ml, 9.7% for u(p/c) ≥ 1.0, and 7.7% for cbb + u(p/c). A discriminatory u(p/c) value of 2.0 would have excluded dogs with clinically relevant proteinuria in the lower ranges. Proteinuria was not detected in 4.4% (22/500) of the specimens in which important numbers of leukocytes or bacteria were observed. False-negative rates for combined interpretation of quantitative protein concentration and u(p/c) were not significantly different (P > 0.10)from ssa alone. Degrees of azotemia were higher (high serum creatinine concentration. P > 0.10 and high serum urea nitrogen concentration, P < 0.05) and prevalence of chronically diseased dogs was greater (P < 0.005) in dog categories with higher u(p/c) values. More quantitative determinations of urinary protein loss as a screening test offer potential labor-saving and diagnostic advantages in the identification of urinary disease over more qualitative routine screening methods.
Electrophoretic determination of albumin and gamma globulin concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid of dogs with encephalomyelitis attributable to canine distemper virus infection: 13 cases (1980-1987)
Authors: Sorjonen D. C. , Cox N. R. , Swango L. J. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Thirteen dogs with encephalomyelitis attributable to canine distemper virus infection were classified into 3 groups on the basis of histopathologic evidence of virus-induced lesions in cns tissue. Analysis of data indicated a similarity within groups when arranged by age, clinical neurologic signs, and alterations in the csf electrophoretic protein values. Comparison with results in dogs with experimentally induced canine distemper encephalomyelitis suggested that when grouped by age, csf electrophoretic values are helpful in predicting the cns histopathologic changes in dogs with naturally acquired canine distemper encephalomyelitis.
Blood pressure response to tourniquet use in anesthetized horses
Authors: Copland Virginia Sue , Hildebrand Susan V. , Hill Thomas , Wong Pauline , Brock Nancy 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Blood pressure during anesthesia and surgery was compared for 2 groups of horses. Croup A, consisting of 23 horses, had a tourniquet placed on the distal portion of a limb. The other group of 20 horses (group B) had surgery of comparable nature and duration as did group-A horses, but a tourniquet was not used. There, was a statistical difference (P < 0.05) in the peak systolic arterial blood pressure between the groups; group-A horses had a mean (± sem) peak of 151 ± 6 mm of Hg and group-B horses had a peak of 118 ± 4 mm of Hg. In addition, group-A horses had immediate decrease in blood pressure, coincident with tourniquet deflation. The blood pressure decrease of 23 ± 3 mm of Hg represented 16% of immediate predeflation blood pressure. Comparable blood pressure decrease was not observed at the end oj surgery in group-B horses. Significant difference was not found when other factors that could affect blood pressure were considered. These factors included preanesthetic medication, anesthetic agents, mode of ventilation, pretouniquet inflation blood pressure, and duration of tourniquet inflation. Significant (P < 0.05) difference in peak blood pressure was observed when the tourniquet was placed on the dependent, compared with the uppermost, limb, with changes more pronounced when the tourniquet was placed on the dependent limb. Tourniquet placement was associated with hypertension, and tourniquet deflation was associated with hypertension, and tourniquet deflation with blood pressure decrease in these anesthe tized horses.
Isolation of Eubacterium suis from sows with cystitis
Authors: Walker Richard L. , MacLachlan N. James 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Eubacterium suis was isolated from the bladders of 3 of 64 sows (4.7%) examined at slaughter. Two of the sows had cystitis similar to other descriptions of E suis infections in sows. There was no histologic evidence of cystitis in the third sow from which E suis was recovered. In all 3 instances, a mixed infection was present. Other bacteria present were predominantly gram-positive organisms.
Eubacterium suis cystitis may be more prevalent than previously suspected. The special culture conditions required to grow this organism may account for the paucity of reports in the United States.
Surgical treatment of septic pedal osteitis in horses: Nine cases (1980-1987)
Authors: Gaughan Earl M. , Rendano Victor T. , Ducharme Normand G. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Over an 8-year period, 9 horses with septic pedal osteitis were admitted to the New York State College of Veterinary Medicine. Septic pedal osteitis was defined by the presence of purulent exudate combined with radiographic evidence of lysis of the distal phalanx. The condition described involved only the distal phalanx, the laminae and hoof wall, and the soft tissues of the sole. Treatment included curettage and removal of the affected portion of the distal phalanx through a ventral approach to the foot, combined with systemic administration of antibiotics. Of the 9 horses, 7 returned to soundness and original function within 12 weeks after surgery. During the early postoperative period, 2 horses died from causes unrelated to the surgery or to septic pedal osteitis.
Endoscopic appearance of gastric lesions in foals: 94 cases (1987-1988)
Authors: Murray Michael J. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Of 183 foals examined by use of gastroendoscopy during 1987 and 1988, 94 had gastric lesions. Sixty-eight of 120 foals in the 1- to 85-day-old age range had endoscopically confirmed gastric lesions, and 26 of 63 foals in the 90- to 310-day-old age range had gastric lesions. Lesions were observed most frequently in the stratified squamous mucosal epithelium, particularly adjacent to the margo plicatus. Lesions were observed in the gastric glandular mucosa in 26 of the 94 foals with gastric lesions, and with a greaterfrequency in foals with a clinical disorder than in foals with no disorder (27% vs 3%).
In young foals, lesions were consistently observed in the stratified squamous mucosal epithelium adjacent to the margo plicatus along the greater curvature of the stomach at 2 specific sites. These lesions were frequently associated with desquamation of the stratified squamous mucosal epithelium, which was observed in 69 of the 82 foals ≤30 days old and in 13 of the 101 foals >30 days old. Lesions in the stratified squamous mucosal epithelium adjacent to the margo plicatus were associated with concurrent clinical disorders in foals >90 days old, but developed with identical frequency in foals <90 days old with or without a clinical disorder.
Lesions in the stratified squamous mucosal epithelium along the lesser curvature of the stomach were observed only in foals with concurrent clinical disorder, and with a higher frequency in foals >90 days old than in younger foals (24% vs 3%).
Frequencies of feline blood groups in the united states
Authors: Giger Urs , Kilrain Clayton G. , Filippich Lucio J. , Bell Kevin 
Published: February 2025

Summary
A survey of AB blood group frequencies among cats in the United States was undertaken, using feline blood typing reagents from Australia. We typed blood of 280 cats of both genders and various breeds within the Philadelphia area and 205 cats at 27 veterinary medical teaching hospitals (most cats had been used as blood donors in 1987) throughout the United States. All but 2 cats had type-A blood. A Himalayan cat in Philadelphia and a domestic shorthair cat from Florida, neither of which had been used as a blood donor, had type-B blood. Plasma of the 2 blood-group-Bcats contained strong isoagglutiniri (>1:8 titer) against type-A cells, thereby allowing their detection in a major cross-match test. Approximately 30% of tested plasma samples from blood-group-A cats had weak isoagglutinins (1:2 titer) against type-B cells. This limited survey suggests that cats in the United States, including blood donors, predominantly have type-A blood, and that blood-group-B cats are rare.
Peritoneal dialysis in dogs and cats: 27 cases (1976-1987)
Authors: Crisp M. Susan , Chew Dennis J. , DiBartola Stephen P. , Birchard Stephen J. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
The records of 25 dogs and 2 cats treated with peritoneal dialysis during an 11-year period were evaluated. The indications for peritoneal dialysis were acute renal failure in 21 animals, chronic renal failure in 5 animals, and azotemia of undetermined cause in 1 animal. Peritoneal dialysis resulted in a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in serum urea nitrogen concentration in 19 of the dogs and a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in serum creatinine in 20 dogs. The most common complication of peritoneal dialysis was hypoalbuminemia (11 animals affected). Other common complications were dialysate retention/catheter obstruction (8 animals), peritonitis (6 animals). hypochloremia (6 animals), and subcutaneous leakage of dialysate (6 animals). Twelve dogs and 2 cats died during treatment, 6 dogs were euthanatized, and 1 dog was lost to follow-up evaluation. The remaining 6 dogs survived and were discharged from the hospital after successful peritoneal dialysis.
On the basis of the results of this study, the authors concluded that peritoneal dialysis, although associated with a high complication rate, was a successful technique for reducing azotemia in dogs with acute and chronic renal failure. Survival rates were poor because of the severity of the underlying renal diseases.
Treatment of urinary incontinence in dogs by endoscopic injection of Teflon
Authors: Arnold Susi , Jäger Peter , DiBartola Stephen P. , Lott-Stolz Gret , Hauser Beat , Hubler Madeleine , Casal Margret , Fairburn Adrian , Rusch Peter 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Twenty-two dogs with urethral sphincter incompetence, nonresponsive to phenylpropanolamine administration, were treated by urethral submucosal injection of Teflon. Urinary continence was achieved in all dogs for at least 2 months. Urinary incontinence recurred in 14 dogs (64%) and was controlled by a second Teflon injection in 11 of 12 dogs (92%). Minor complications included transient stranguria, with or without hematuria, after 4 of 35 injection procedures. One dog had temporary partial urethral obstruction after treatment.
Genetic, immunologic, and pathologic characterization of avian chlamydial strains
Authors: Andersen Arthur A. , Tappe James P. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Chlamydia psittaci is a diverse group of organisms that affects birds and mammals. The number of biovars is unknown, and less is known about the number of serovars. Our restriction endonuclease analysis indicates that there are at least 5 biovars including avian, abortion-enteritis, ipa, M56, and gpic. Monoclonal antibody studies revealed 4 serovars in the avian biovar. Monoclonal antibody studies have not yet been performed to identify multiple serovars in the other biovars; however, microimmunoassay studies indicate that a number of serovars may exist in the abortion and arthritis biovars. Of the 4 avian serovars, 2 are of major importance in the US avian population. These 2 serovars, psittacine and turkey, are each assodated with important host preferences and disease characteristics. The turkey isolates have all been associated with either a serious disease in birds or human beings or with major epizootics in turkeys, often resulting in human disease. The psittacine serovar has been associated with serious disease in human beings; however, human involvement is usually limited to sporadic cases following exposure to companion birds or pigeons. The other 2 serovars, German duck and wc, are single isolates and their distributions and disease characteristics are not known.
Chlamydial vaccines
Authors: Schnorr Ken L. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
With few exceptions, immunity from chlamydiosis availed by current vaccines is limited and can even be detrimental. Possible reasons for failure include immunotype or strain differences, ill-defined virulence variation, presentation of deleterious antigens, and incorrect presentation of critical antigens to the body.
Antigens that stimulate neutralizing antibodies active at 2 steps of infection have been identified. A third step, prevention of phagolysosomal fusion, needs to be further studied, and causal antigens need to be identified. A fourth possible stage for antibody participation is in antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity. If chlamydial antigens are expressed on the surface of infected cells, this mechanism of destruction of infected cells and the antigens that elicit it will need to be more fully examined.
Cell-mediated immune responses participating in eliminating chlamydial infections need to be further clarified. Activated macrophages are the best characterized effector mechanism of cell-mediated immunity thus far, regardless of the stimulatory cytokines involved. It is important to determine how sensitized lymphocytes recognize antigen(s) that cause them to release macrophage-activating cytokines. It must be determined whether chlamydial antigens are expressed on the surface of infected cells and then recognized by potential cytokine-releasing lymphocytes in context with major histocompatibility antigens (surface expression) or whether they are recognized on antigen-presenting cells functioning in more of a scavenging capacity.
Membrane expression of antigen is also important in that it also defines whether cytotoxic T cells and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity have roles in resistance to chlamydial infection. Also, it is important to realize the possible limitation of these mechanisms to systemic sites of the body. If membrane expression does occur, it must be determined how it functions at mucosal sites, whether it occurs at the luminal surface of mucosal epithelial cells only, or whether there is expression of antigens at abluminal membrane surfaces perhaps more accessible to such immune effector mechanisms.
Delivery of critical antigens to the individual is the final component in establishing effective vaccines. Carrier systems capable of stimulating long-lasting mucosal and systemic immunity are available and need to be further studied as protective immunogens become available.
Serologic status of pseudorabies virus in growing-finishing pigs in quarantined herds
Authors: Morrison Robert B. , Thawley David G. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
It has been reported that pseudorabies virus (prv) stops spreading within growing-finishing sections of a large percentage of infected farrow-to-finish herds. This study was designed to follow the prv status of growing-finishing pigs in a sample of infected herds. Fifteen infected herds were selected, of which 11 had seropositive finishing pigs and 4 had seronegative fnishing pigs. These herds were visited quarterly for one year, and a cross section of growing-finishing pigs was tested for the presence of anti-prv antibodies. The 4 herds that initially were seronegative remained seronegative, whereas of the 11 herds initially seropositive, 4 remained seropositive, 4 became seronegative, and 3 became temporarily seronegative before becoming seropositive again. Three characteristic serologic profiles were observed: one indicating continued viral spread; one indicating no spread for at least the preceding 3 months; and one indicating that prv spread had recently ceased in this section of the herd. Results of our study indicated that periodic monitoring of a cross section of the growing-finishing pigs for their prv serologic status was valuable for determining whether prv was actively spreading in this section of the herd.
Juvenile cellulitis in dogs: 15 cases (1979–1988)
Authors: White Stephen D. , Rosychuk Rodney A. W. , Stewart Laurie J. , Cape Lysanne , Hughes Barbara J. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
The records of 15 dogs diagnosed as having juvenile cellulitis (juvenile pyoderma, puppy strangles) were evaluated for clinical, laboratory, and therapeutic results. Mandibular lymphadenopathy was observed in 14 dogs, and was not associated with skin lesions in 5 dogs. Edema, pustules, papules, or crusts were noticed periorally, periocularly, on the chin or muzzle, or in the ears of those dogs with skin lesions. Eight dogs were lethargic; fever and anorexia were inconsistent findings. Four dogs had signs of pain on manipulation of their joints.
Complete blood counts revealed leukocytosis with neutrophilia in 4 dogs, and normocytic, normochromic anemia in 6 dogs. Three dogs had suppurative lymphadenitis with many neutrophils. Cytology of the aspirate of pustules or abscesses in 6 dogs revealed many neutrophils without bacteria. Coagulase-positive Staphylococcus spp were isolated from draining lesions in 2 dogs. Intact abscesses and lymph nodes were negative for bacterial growth in 4 dogs. Three of these dogs were being administered antibiotics at the time of bacterial culturing. Cytology of the aspirates of joints in 3 of the 4 dogs with joint pain revealed suppurative arthritis with no bacteria, and the aspirates were negative for bacterial growth on culturing, although all 3 dogs were being administered antibiotics at the time of culturing. Of 12 dogs initially treated with antibiotics, only 4 (33%) responded favorably; the other 8 dogs were then given antibiotics and corticosteroids. Three dogs were initially given antibiotics and corticosteroids. All dogs treated concurrently with antibiotics and corticosteroids responded favorably. One of these dogs had a relapse after treatment was discontinued. The concurrent arthritis in 4 of the dogs resolved with treatment of the juvenile cellulitis and did not redevelop once the medication was discontinued. Concurrent treatment with antibiotics (cephalosporins) and prednisone (2.2 mg/kg of body weight/day) was the most consistently effective treatment in the dogs in this study.
Estimation of the cost of pneumonia in swine herds
Authors: Straw Barbara E. , Tuovinen Veikko K. , Bigras-Poulin Michel 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The data from studies of pneumonia, in which growth rate and feed conversion were measured, were examined with respect to the expected change in feed efficiency associated with a specific reduction in growth rate attributable to pneumonia in a swine herd. Information from 5 other studies was used to determine the expected reduction in growth rate that would be associated with the severity of pneumonia in the herd as determined by lesions recorded at slaughter. Together these calculations provide a reasonable estimation of the economic loss associated with pneumonia in a swine herd.
Efficacy of ivermectin in the treatment of induced Parascaris equorum infection in pony foals
Authors: DiPietro J. A. , Lock T. F. , Todd K. S. , Davis J. L. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Eighteen pony foals inoculated with 1,500 ± 109 infective Parascaris equorum eggs were given 0.02 ml of ivermectin vehicle (liquid) /kg of body weight, po, (control); 0.2 mg of ivermectin paste/kg, po; or 0.2 mg ivermectin liquid/kg, po, on postinoculation day (pid) 28. Foals were euthanatized on pid 42, and the small intestinal contents were examined for P equorum larvae. The mean number of fourth-stage P equorum larvae in foals treated with ivermectin paste and liquid were 3.5 and 6, respectively. Significantly (P < 0.01) higher mean numbers of larvae (1,250) were detected in foals treated with ivermectin vehicle. Larvae recovered from foals treated with ivermectin vehicle were of significantly (P < 0.002) longer mean length than those from foals treated with ivermectin paste or liquid. Gross examination of lungs and liver revealed similar pathologic changes from the migration of P equorum in all foals. Adverse reaction to treatment was not observed.
Surgical correction of concomitant cranioventral abdominal wall, caudal sternal diaphragmatic, and pericardial defects in young dogs
Authors: Bellah Jamie R. , Whitton Doris L. , Ellison Gary W. , Phillips Lesley 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Seven puppies with concomitant congenital cranioventral abdominal wall, caudal sternal, diaphragmatic, and pericardial defects were treated surgically when they were between 10 and 12 weeks old. Three pups had ventricular septal defects that were not corrected. Diaphragmatic herniorrhaphy without extension of the diaphragmatic defect was performed in 6 pups. In one pup, paracostal extension of the diaphragmatic defect was necessary to decrease tension on the diaphragmatic closure. All pups were healthy at 6-month follow-up examinations, but 2 of 3 pups with ventricular septal defects had moderate generalized cardiomegaly evident on thoracic radiography. Early surgical correction of the congenital defects in these pups was usually simple because there were few or no thoracic adhesions, the dogs were small, the defects were small in 6 of 7 dogs, and the costal arch was pliable in each dog.
The spectral discretization of the second-order wave equation
Authors: Abdelwahed Mohamed , Chorfi Nejmeddine 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In this paper we deal with the discretization of the second order wave equation by the implicit Euler scheme for the time and the spectral method for the space. We prove that the time semi discrete and the full discrete problems are well posed. We show an optimal error estimates related to both variables time and space.
Skew-symmetric matrices related to the vector cross product in ℂ7
Authors: Beites P. D. , Nicolás A. P. , Vitória José 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Skew-symmetric matrices of order 7 defined through the 2-fold vector cross product in ℂ7, and other related matrices, are presented. More concretely, matrix properties, namely invertibility, nullspace, powers and index, are studied. As a consequence, results on vector cross product equations, vector cross product differential equations and vector cross product difference equations in ℂ7 are established.
Friedmann equations as n-dimensional dynamical system
Authors: Branković Danijela 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In this paper we study dynamics of the standard cosmological model of the universe assuming that it is filled with n types of non-interacting barotropic perfect fluids. For that purpose, a dynamical system of a class of Lotka-Volterra dynamical systems is derived, that consists of n nonlinear differential equations of the first order, whose dependent variables are density parameters of the material in the universe. Analytical solution of that system represents new parametrization of density parameters. Moreover, we perceive the evolution of the universe in the frame of the linear stability theory.
A note on minimal resolutions of vector–spread Borel ideals
Authors: Crupi Marilena , Ficarra Antonino 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We consider vector–spread Borel ideals. We show that these ideals have linear quotients and thereby we determine the graded Betti numbers and the bigraded Poincaré series. A characterization of the extremal Betti numbers of such a class of ideals is given. Finally, we classify all Cohen–Macaulay vector–spread Borel ideals.