bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La gloire des femmes célèbres. Métamorphoses et disparités de la statuaire publique parisienne de 1870 à nos jours
Authors: Sniter Christel 
Published: December 2008

Résumé L’étude des statues de femmes célèbres érigées à Paris de 1870 à nos jours permet de dessiner les contours d’une gloire spécifiquement féminine par contraste avec les Grands hommes. Quatre types peuvent être mis en valeur, témoignant des contours multiples de la gloire au féminin et plus largement de l’évolution du statut de la commémoration au XX e siècle : Jeanne d’Arc la guerrière dressée ; Edith Cavell l’héroïne martyre exceptionnelle ; les femmes de lettres et artistes assagies et, enfin Dalida, la starisation de la célébrité.
Quand la peopolisation des hommes politiques a-t-elle commencé ?
Authors: Delporte Christian 
Published: December 2008

Résumé L’utilisation en France de la vie privée à des fins de communication politique s’est systématisée depuis une trentaine d’années mais en réalité, c’est un phénomène beaucoup plus ancien, dont l’éclosion au xix e siècle coïncide avec la mise en place des modalités du journalisme moderne. L’émergence du reportage-interview et les progrès de l’illustration de presse favorisent un traitement journalistique se voulant plus proche de l’homme qui se cache derrière la fonction politique : les élus sont le plus souvent dépeints dans leur foyer, à travers leurs habitudes domestiques. Des échos mondains des grands quotidiens généralistes ou spécialisés ( Gil Blas ) des années 1880-1890, aux célèbres opérations séduction de Valéry Giscard d’Estaing, en passant par la vedettisation des dirigeants français ou étrangers dans les revues d’évasion de l’entre-deux-guerres, les médias français n’ont jamais vraiment hésité à mettre en scène la vie privée des hommes politiques. Cependant, cette tendance s’est largement renforcée à la fin de la IV e République, en raison d’une crise de la représentation propice à la recherche d’un homme fort, puis sous la V e République, dont les institutions commandent désormais la personnalisation du pouvoir.
Cinquante ans de dévoilement de soi : le recours des hommes politiques français aux émissions de divertissement (1955-2005)
Authors: Fradin Guillaume 
Published: December 2008

Résumé En cinquante ans de télévision, les émissions de divertissement sont devenues un outil de communication politique ordinaire. Elles permettent à l’élu de diffuser son message en direction du public de masse. Mais cette pratique a une contrepartie : la peopolisation. Contraint par la logique de divertissement et l’enjeu d’audience, l’élu adopte un comportement sympathique et dévoile sa vie privée : un compromis entre message politique et peopolisation qui a évolué avec le temps.
Genetically modified Cotton species detection by LISS-III satellite data
Authors: Mukherjee Saumitra , Shashtri Satyanarayan , Singh Chander Kumar , Kumari Bindu , Kumari Reena , Avatar Ram , Singh Amit , Mukherjee Anita , Singh Bhoop 
Published: December 2008

AbstractIt is possible to infer the genetically modified species by using remotely sensed data. Using ERDAS software the algorithm of BT (Bacillus thuringiensis) Cotton in Punjab, India was developed successfully. GPS enabled space technology has the potential to identify the exact location of Bt Cotton by generating Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) for the calculation of total area covered by this species. It was possible to develop a correlation in between genetically modified Cotton crop and NDVI value. In parts of Bhatinda district of Punjab the yield of Bt Cotton and NDVI showing R2 value of more than 4.5 in regression analysis. A correlation matrix was also generated which shows that NDVI values of BT cotton has reasonably acceptable correlation with Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) of soil and water also.
Functional Proteomics ofArabidopsis thalianaGuard Cells Uncovers New Stomatal Signaling Pathways
Authors: Zhao Zhixin , Zhang Wei , Stanley Bruce A. , Assmann Sarah M. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractWe isolated a total of 3 × 108 guard cell protoplasts from 22,000 Arabidopsis thaliana plants and identified 1734 unique proteins using three complementary proteomic methods: protein spot identification from broad and narrow pH range two-dimensional (2D) gels, and 2D liquid chromatography–matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization multidimensional protein identification technology. This extensive single-cell-type proteome includes 336 proteins not previously represented in transcriptome analyses of guard cells and 52 proteins classified as signaling proteins by Gene Ontology analysis, of which only two have been previously assessed in the context of guard cell function. THIOGLUCOSIDE GLUCOHYDROLASE1 (TGG1), a myrosinase that catalyzes the production of toxic isothiocyanates from glucosinolates, showed striking abundance in the guard cell proteome. tgg1 mutants were hyposensitive to abscisic acid (ABA) inhibition of guard cell inward K+ channels and stomatal opening, revealing that the glucosinolate-myrosinase system, previously identified as a defense against biotic invaders, is required for key ABA responses of guard cells. Our results also suggest a mechanism whereby exposure to abiotic stresses may enhance plant defense against subsequent biotic stressors and exemplify how enhanced knowledge of the signaling networks of a specific cell type can be gained by proteomics approaches.
A 10-Year Survey of Antifungal Susceptibility of Candidemia Isolates from Intensive Care Unit Patients in Greece
Authors: Dimopoulos George , Velegraki Aristea , Falagas Matthew E. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT

This study retrospectively reviews the susceptibility of 135 baseline ICU candidemia isolates (from 1997 to 2007) to nine antifungals as determined by the AFST-EUCAST microdilution method and identifies the most frequent causative agents of confirmed point-source candidemia outbreaks in local intensive care units. A minority of common and rare
Candida
species displayed decreased susceptibility to all antifungals.
Molecular Diversity of a North Carolina Wastewater Treatment Plant as Revealed by Pyrosequencing
Authors: Sanapareddy Nina , Hamp Timothy J. , Gonzalez Luis C. , Hilger Helene A. , Fodor Anthony A. , Clinton Sandra M. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
We report the results of pyrosequencing of DNA collected from the activated sludge basin of a wastewater treatment plant in Charlotte, NC. Using the 454-FLX technology, we generated 378,601 sequences with an average read length of 250.4 bp. Running the 454 assembly algorithm over our sequences yielded very poor assembly, with only 0.3% of our sequences participating in assembly of significant contigs. Of the 117 contigs greater than 500 bp long that were assembled, the most common annotations were to transposases and hypothetical proteins. Comparing our sequences to known microbial genomes showed nonspecific recruitment, indicating that previously described taxa are only distantly related to the most abundant microbes in this treatment plant. A comparison of proteins generated by translating our sequence set to translations of other sequenced microbiomes shows a distinct metabolic profile for activated sludge with high counts for genes involved in metabolism of aromatic compounds and low counts for genes involved in photosynthesis. Taken together, these data document the substantial levels of microbial diversity within activated sludge and further establish the great utility of pyrosequencing for investigating diversity in complex ecosystems.
High-Level Diversity of Dinoflagellates in the Natural Environment, Revealed by Assessment of Mitochondrial
cox1
and
cob
Genes for Dinoflagellate DNA Barcoding
Authors: Lin Senjie , Zhang Huan , Hou Yubo , Zhuang Yunyun , Miranda Lilibeth 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT

DNA barcoding is a diagnostic technique for species identification using a short, standardized DNA. An effective DNA barcoding marker would be very helpful for unraveling the poorly understood species diversity of dinoflagellates in the natural environment. In this study, the potential utility for DNA barcoding of mitochondrial cytochrome
c
oxidase 1 (
cox1
) and cytochrome
b
(
cob
) was assessed. Among several primer sets examined, the one amplifying a 385-bp
cob
fragment was most effective for dinoflagellates. This short
cob
fragment is easy to sequence and yet possess reasonable taxon resolution. While the lack of a uniform gap between interspecific and intraspecific distances poses difficulties in establishing a phylum-wide species-discriminating distance threshold, the variability of
cob
allows recognition of species within particular lineages. The potential of this
cob
fragment as a dinoflagellate species marker was further tested by applying it to an analysis of the dinoflagellate assemblages in Long Island Sound (LIS) and Mirror Lake in Connecticut. In LIS, a highly diverse assemblage of dinoflagellates was detected. Some taxa can be identified to the species and some to the genus level, including a taxon distinctly related to the bipolar species
Polarella glacialis
, and the large number of others cannot be clearly identified, due to the inadequate database. In Mirror Lake, a
Ceratium
species and an unresolved taxon were detected, exhibiting a temporal transition from one to the other. We demonstrate that this 385-bp
cob
fragment is promising for lineage-wise dinoflagellate species identification, given an adequate database.
Growth-Regulated Expression of a Bacteriocin, Produced by the Sweet Potato Pathogen
Streptomyces ipomoeae
, That Exhibits Interstrain Inhibition
Authors: Wang Jing , Schully Kevin L. , Pettis Gregg S. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT

Certain strains of the bacterial sweet potato pathogen
Streptomyces ipomoeae
produce the bacteriocin ipomicin, which inhibits other sensitive strains of the same species. Within the signal-sequence-encoding portion of the ipomicin structural gene
ipoA
exists a single rare TTA codon, which is recognized in
Streptomyces
bacteria by the temporally accumulating
bldA
leucyl tRNA. In this study, ipomicin was shown to stably accumulate in culture supernatants of
S. ipomoeae
in a growth-regulated manner that did not coincide with the pattern of
ipoA
expression. Similar growth-regulated production of ipomicin in
Streptomyces coelicolor
containing the cloned
ipoA
gene was found to be directly dependent on translation of the
ipoA
TTA codon by the
bldA
leucyl tRNA. The results here suggest that
bldA
-dependent translation of the
S. ipomoeae ipoA
gene leads to growth-regulated production of the ipomicin precursor, which upon processing to the mature form and secretion stably accumulates in the extracellular environment. To our knowledge, this is the first example of
bldA
regulation of a bacteriocin in the streptomycetes.
Acid and Base Stress and Transcriptomic Responses in
Bacillus subtilis
Authors: Wilks Jessica C. , Kitko Ryan D. , Cleeton Sarah H. , Lee Grace E. , Ugwu Chinagozi S. , Jones Brian D. , BonDurant Sandra S. , Slonczewski Joan L. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT

Acid and base environmental stress responses were investigated in
Bacillus subtilis. B. subtilis
AG174 cultures in buffered potassium-modified Luria broth were switched from pH 8.5 to pH 6.0 and recovered growth rapidly, whereas cultures switched from pH 6.0 to pH 8.5 showed a long lag time. Log-phase cultures at pH 6.0 survived 60 to 100% at pH 4.5, whereas cells grown at pH 7.0 survived <15%. Cells grown at pH 9.0 survived 40 to 100% at pH 10, whereas cells grown at pH 7.0 survived <5%. Thus, growth in a moderate acid or base induced adaptation to a more extreme acid or base, respectively. Expression indices from Affymetrix chip hybridization were obtained for 4,095 protein-encoding open reading frames of
B. subtilis
grown at external pH 6, pH 7, and pH 9. Growth at pH 6 upregulated acetoin production (
alsDS
), dehydrogenases (
adhA
,
ald
,
fdhD
, and
gabD
), and decarboxylases (
psd
and
speA
). Acid upregulated malate metabolism (
maeN
), metal export (
czcDO
and
cadA
), oxidative stress (catalase
katA
; OYE family
namA
), and the SigX extracytoplasmic stress regulon. Growth at pH 9 upregulated arginine catabolism (
roc
), which generates organic acids, glutamate synthase (
gltAB
), polyamine acetylation and transport (
blt
), the K
+
/H
+
antiporter (
yhaTU
), and cytochrome oxidoreductases (
cyd
,
ctaACE
, and
qcrC
). The SigH, SigL, and SigW regulons were upregulated at high pH. Overall, greater genetic adaptation was seen at pH 9 than at pH 6, which may explain the lag time required for growth shift to high pH. Low external pH favored dehydrogenases and decarboxylases that may consume acids and generate basic amines, whereas high external pH favored catabolism-generating acids.
Intraspecies Genomic Diversity and Natural Population Structure of the Meat-Borne Lactic Acid Bacterium
Lactobacillus sakei
Authors: Chaillou Stéphane , Daty Marie , Baraige Fabienne , Dudez Anne-Marie , Anglade Patricia , Jones Rhys , Alpert Carl-Alfred , Champomier-Vergès Marie-Christine , Zagorec Monique 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT

Lactobacillus sakei
is a food-borne bacterium naturally found in meat and fish products. A study was performed to examine the intraspecies diversity among 73 isolates sourced from laboratory collections in several different countries. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis demonstrated a 25% variation in genome size between isolates, ranging from 1,815 kb to 2,310 kb. The relatedness between isolates was then determined using a PCR-based method that detects the possession of 60 chromosomal genes belonging to the flexible gene pool. Ten different strain clusters were identified that had noticeable differences in their average genome size reflecting the natural population structure. The results show that many different genotypes may be isolated from similar types of meat products, suggesting a complex ecological habitat in which intraspecies diversity may be required for successful adaptation. Finally, proteomic analysis revealed a slight difference between the migration patterns of highly abundant GapA isoforms of the two prevailing
L. sakei
subspecies (
sakei
and
carnosus
). This analysis was used to affiliate the genotypic clusters with the corresponding subspecies. These findings reveal for the first time the extent of intraspecies genomic diversity in
L. sakei
. Consequently, identification of molecular subtypes may in the future prove valuable for a better understanding of microbial ecosystems in food products.
Tissue-Associated “
Candidatus
Mycoplasma corallicola” and Filamentous Bacteria on the Cold-Water Coral
Lophelia pertusa
(Scleractinia)
Authors: Neulinger Sven C. , Gärtner Andrea , Järnegren Johanna , Ludvigsen Martin , Lochte Karin , Dullo Wolf-Christian 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT

The cold-water coral
Lophelia pertusa
(Scleractinia, Caryophylliidae) is a key species in the formation of cold-water reefs, which are among the most diverse deep-sea ecosystems. It occurs in two color varieties: white and red. Bacterial communities associated with
Lophelia
have been investigated in recent years, but the role of the associated bacteria remains largely obscure. This study uses catalyzed reporter deposition fluorescence in situ hybridization to detect the in situ location of specific bacterial groups on coral specimens from the Trondheimsfjord (Norway). Two tissue-associated groups were identified: (i) bacteria on the host's tentacle ectoderm, “
Candidatus
Mycoplasma corallicola,” are flasklike, pointed cells and (ii) endoderm-associated bona fide TM7 bacteria form long filaments in the gastral cavity. These tissue-bound bacteria were found in all coral specimens from the Trondheimsfjord, indicating a closer relationship with the coral compared to bacterial assemblages present in coral mucus and gastric fluid.
Molecular Comparison of Bacterial Communities within Iron-Containing Flocculent Mats Associated with Submarine Volcanoes along the Kermadec Arc
Authors: Hodges Tyler W. , Olson Julie B. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT

Iron oxide sheaths and filaments are commonly found in hydrothermal environments and have been shown to have a biogenic origin. These structures were seen in the flocculent material associated with two submarine volcanoes along the Kermadec Arc north of New Zealand. Molecular characterization of the bacterial communities associated with the flocculent samples indicated that no known Fe-oxidizing bacteria dominated the recovered clone libraries. However, clones related to the recently described Fe-oxidizing bacterium
Mariprofundus ferrooxydans
were obtained from both the iron-containing flocculent (Fe-floc) and sediment samples, and peaks corresponding to
Mariprofundus ferrooxydans
, as well as the related clones, were observed in several of our terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism profiles. A large group of epsilonproteobacterial sequences, for which there is no cultured representative, dominated clones from the Fe-floc libraries and were less prevalent in the sediment sample. Phylogenetic analyses indicated that several operational taxonomic units appeared to be site specific, and statistical analyses of the clone libraries found that all samples were significantly different from each other. Thus, the bacterial communities in the Fe-floc samples were not more closely related to each other than to the sediment communities.
Oxidation of Lanthionines Renders the Lantibiotic Nisin Inactive
Authors: Wilson-Stanford Shawanda , Kalli Anastasia , Håkansson Kristina , Kastrantas James , Orugunty Ravi S. , Smith Leif 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The peptide antibiotic nisin A belongs to the group of antibiotics called lantibiotics. They are classified as lantibiotics because they contain the structural group lanthionine. Lanthionines are composed of a single sulfur atom that is linked to the β-carbons of two alanine moieties. These sulfur atoms are vulnerable to environmental oxidation. A mild oxidation reaction was performed on nisin A to determine the relative effects it would have on bioactivity. High-mass-accuracy Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry data revealed the addition of seven, eight, and nine oxygens. These additions correspond to the five lanthionines, two methionines, and two histidines that would be susceptible to oxidation. Subsequent bioassays revealed that the oxidized form of nisin A had a complete loss of bactericidal activity. In a competition study, the oxidized nisin did not appear to have an antagonistic affect on the bioactivity of nisin A, since the addition of an equal molar concentration of the oxidized variant did not have an influence on the bactericidal activity of the native antibiotic. Electron microscopy data revealed that the oxidized forms were still capable of assembling into large circular complexes, demonstrating that oxidation does not disrupt the lateral assembly mechanism of the antibiotic. Affinity thin-layer chromatography and fluorescence microscopy experiments suggested that the loss of activity is due to the inability of the oxidized form of nisin to bind to the cell wall precursor lipid II. Given the loss of bioactivity following oxidation, oxidation should be an important factor to consider in future production, purification, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacodynamic studies.
Metabolism of Hydroxylated and Fluorinated Benzoates by
Syntrophus aciditrophicus
and Detection of a Fluorodiene Metabolite
Authors: Mouttaki Housna , Nanny Mark A. , McInerney Michael J. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT

Transformations of 2-hydroxybenzoate and fluorobenzoate isomers were investigated in the strictly anaerobic
Syntrophus aciditrophicus
to gain insight into the initial steps of the metabolism of aromatic acids. 2-Hydroxybenzoate was metabolized to methane and acetate by
S. aciditrophicus
and
Methanospirillum hungatei
cocultures and reduced to cyclohexane carboxylate by pure cultures of
S. aciditrophicus
when grown in the presence of crotonate. Under both conditions, transient accumulation of benzoate but not phenol was observed, indicating that dehydroxylation occurred prior to ring reduction. Pure cultures of
S. aciditrophicus
reductively dehalogenated 3-fluorobenzoate with the stoichiometric accumulation of benzoate and fluorine. 3-Fluorobenzoate-degrading cultures produced a metabolite that had a fragmentation pattern almost identical to that of the trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivative of 3-fluorobenzoate but with a mass increase of 2 units. When cells were incubated with deuterated water, this metabolite had a mass increase of 3 or 4 units relative to the TMS derivative of 3-fluorobenzoate.
19
F nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (
19
F NMR) detected a metabolite in fluorobenzoate-degrading cultures with two double bonds, either 1-carboxyl-3-fluoro-2,6-cyclohexadiene or 1-carboxyl-3-fluoro-3,6-cyclohexadiene. The mass spectral and NMR data are consistent with the addition of two hydrogen or deuterium atoms to 3-fluorobenzoate, forming a 3-fluorocyclohexadiene metabolite. The production of a diene metabolite provides evidence that
S. aciditrophicus
contains dearomatizing reductase that uses two electrons to dearomatize the aromatic ring.
Construction of
Mycobacterium abscessus
Defined Glycopeptidolipid Mutants: Comparison of Genetic Tools
Authors: Medjahed Halima , Reyrat Jean-Marc 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT

Mycobacterium abscessus
is a rapidly growing mycobacterial species that can be involved in pulmonary and disseminated infections in immunosuppressed or young cystic fibrosis patients. It is an emerging pathogen and has attracted recent attention due to the numerous cases of infection; furthermore, genomic tools have been developed for this species. Nevertheless, the study of this species has until now been limited to spontaneous variants. We report here a comparison of three different mutagenesis systems—the ts-
sacB
, the phage, and the recombineering systems—and show that there are important differences in their efficiency for the construction of allelic-exchange mutants. We show, using the
mmpL4b
gene of the glycopeptidolipid pathway as a target, that allelic-exchange mutants can be constructed with a reasonable efficiency (∼7%) using the recombineering system. These observations will facilitate genetic and cellular microbiology experiments involving the construction and use of well-defined mutants to study the virulence determinant of this emerging pathogen.