bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CAPERα Is a Novel Rel-TAD-Interacting Factor That Inhibits Lymphocyte Transformation by the Potent Rel/NF-κB Oncoprotein v-Rel
Authors: Dutta Jui , Fan Gaofeng , Gélinas Céline 
Published: August 2008

ABSTRACTThe Rel/NF-κB transcription factors are constitutively activated in many human cancers. The Rel proteins in this family are implicated in leukemia/lymphomagenesis, but the mechanism is not completely understood. Previous studies showed that the transcription activation domains (TADs) of the viral oncoprotein v-Rel and its cellular Rel/NF-κB homologues c-Rel and RelA are key determinants of their different transforming activities in primary lymphocytes. Substitution of a Rel TAD for that of RelA conferred a strong transforming phenotype upon RelA, which otherwise failed to transform cells. To gain insights into protein interactions that influence cell transformation by the Rel TADs, we identified factors that interact with the TAD of v-Rel, the most oncogenic member of the Rel/NF-κB family. We report that thecoactivator for transcription factorsAP-1 andestrogenreceptors, CAPERα, interacts with the v-Rel TAD and potently synergizes v-Rel-mediated transactivation. Importantly, coexpression of CAPERα markedly reduced and delayed v-Rel's transforming activity in primary lymphocytes, whereas a dominant-negative mutant enhanced the kinetics of v-Rel-mediated transformation. Furthermore, small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of CAPERα in v-Rel-transformed lymphocytes significantly enhanced colony formation in soft agar. Since the potency of Rel-mediated transactivation is an important determinant of lymphocyte transformation, as is Rel's ability to induce transcriptional repression, these data suggest that CAPERα's interaction with the Rel TAD could modulate Rel/NF-κB's transforming activity by facilitating expression or dampening repression of specific gene subsets important for oncogenesis. Overall, this study identifies CAPERα as a new transcriptional coregulator for v-Rel and reveals an important role in modulating Rel's oncogenic activity.
Approach to critical illness polyneuropathy and myopathy
Authors: Pati S , Goodfellow J A , Iyadurai S , Hilton-Jones D 
Published: August 2008

Abstract
A newly acquired neuromuscular cause of weakness has been found in 25–85% of critically ill patients. Three distinct entities have been identified: (1) critical illness polyneuropathy (CIP); (2) acute myopathy of intensive care (itself with three subtypes); and (3) a syndrome with features of both 1 and 2 (called critical illness myopathy and/or neuropathy or CRIMYNE). CIP is primarily a distal axonopathy involving both sensory and motor nerves. Electroneurography and electromyography (ENG–EMG) is the gold standard for diagnosis. CIM is a proximal as well as distal muscle weakness affecting both types of muscle fibres. It is associated with high use of non-depolarising muscle blockers and corticosteroids. Avoidance of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) is the most effective way to reduce the likelihood of developing CIP or CIM. Outcome is variable and depends largely on the underlying illness. Detailed history, careful physical examination, review of medication chart and analysis of initial investigations provides invaluable clues towards the diagnosis.
Late reactivation of thyroid associated ophthalmopathy causing optic neuropathy
Authors: Bunting H , Creten O , Muhtaseb M , Shuttleworth G 
Published: August 2008

Abstract
We describe a case of thyroid associated ophthalmopathy complicated by optic neuropathy presenting 18 years after the diagnosis of dysthyroidism, due to late reactivation of a previously stable ophthalmopathy.
Report: A report on patient safety in Europe: medication errors and hospital-acquired infection
Authors: Willman Ania , Burke Jacqueline , Smith Lorraine N , Sveinsdóttir Herdis 
Published: August 2008

Abstract The report ‘Patient Safety in Europe: Medication Errors and Hospital-acquired Infection’ was commissioned by the European Federation of Nurses Associations (EFN) in order to support its policy statement on Patient Safety. The report is authored by a working-group within the Workgroup of European Nurse Researchers and it is a snapshot of current work in the European areas surveyed. Medication errors and hospital-acquired infections are examined and a range of European studies are used as evidence. The result shows that studies on medication safety and nursing are few and they are heterogeneous in design making comparability between research reports difficult. Future research should capture the environmental and human context of error. WHO has identified hand hygiene as a major patient safety issue in relation to health care associated infections (HCAI) and there is general agreement in the literature that effective hand hygiene remains the most important initiative in the control of infection. To maximize EFNs lobbying function EFN and WENR should work together.
General practitioners' views on reattribution for patients with medically unexplained symptoms: a questionnaire and qualitative study
Authors: Dowrick Christopher , Gask Linda , Hughes John G , Charles-Jones Huw , Hogg Judith A , Peters Sarah , Salmon Peter , Rogers Anne R , Morriss Richard K 
Published: August 2008

Abstract

Background
The successful introduction of new methods for managing medically unexplained symptoms in primary care is dependent to a large degree on the attitudes, experiences and expectations of practitioners. As part of an exploratory randomised controlled trial of reattribution training, we sought the views of participating practitioners on patients with medically unexplained symptoms, and on the value of and barriers to the implementation of reattribution in practice.

Methods
A nested attitudinal survey and qualitative study in sixteen primary care teams in north-west England. All practitioners participating in the trial (n = 74) were invited to complete a structured survey. Semi-structured interviews were undertaken with a purposive sub-sample of survey respondents, using a structured topic guide. Interview transcripts were used to identify key issues, concepts and themes, which were grouped to construct a conceptual framework: this framework was applied systematically to the data.

Results
Seventy (95%) of study participants responded to the survey. Survey respondents often found it stressful to work with patients with medically unexplained symptoms, though those who had received reattribution training were more optimistic about their ability to help them. Interview participants trained in reattribution (n = 12) reported that reattribution increased their confidence to practice in a difficult area, with heightened awareness, altered perceptions of these patients, improved opportunities for team-building and transferable skills. However general practitioners also reported potential barriers to the implementation of reattribution in routine clinical practice, at the level of the patient, the doctor, the consultation, diagnosis and the healthcare context.

Conclusion
Reattribution training increases practitioners' sense of competence in managing patients with medically unexplained symptoms. However, barriers to its implementation are considerable, and frequently lie outside the control of a group of practitioners generally sympathetic to patients with medically unexplained symptoms and the purpose of reattribution. These findings add further to the evidence of the difficulty of implementing reattribution in routine general practice.
Photographic measurement of upper-body sitting posture of high school students: A reliability and validity study
Authors: van Niekerk Sjan-Mari , Louw Quinette , Vaughan Christopher , Grimmer-Somers Karen , Schreve Kristiaan 
Published: August 2008

Abstract

Background
All the reported measures of sitting posture, as well as photographs, have one flaw, as these measures are external to the body. These measures use calculations from external bony landmarks to estimate spinal posture, on the understanding that what is being measured externally reflects the shape, health and performance of structures of the underlying spine. Without a comparative measure of the relative position of the structures of the spine, the validity of any external spinal posture measure cannot be established. This paper reports on a study which tests the validity of photographs to measure adolescent sitting posture.

Methods
The study was conducted in a laboratory at the Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town. A random sample of 40 adolescents were recruited from the Cape metropolitan schools, to detect differences of three degrees or more between the repeated measures of upright, normal or slouched posture (photographs) and between the posture photographs and LODOX measures. Eligible participants were healthy male and female subjects aged 15 or 16 years old, in Grade 10, and who were undertaking Computer or Computype studies at their schools. Two posture measurement tools were used in the study, namely: Photographs were taken using the Photographic Posture Analysis Method (PPAM) and Radiographs were taken using the LODOX (LODOX (Pty) Ltd) system. Subjects' posture was assessed in simulated computer workstations. The following angles were measured: the sagittal head angle, cervical angle, protraction/retraction angle, arm angle and the thoracic angle.

Results
Data from 39 subjects (19 males, 20 females) was used for analysis (17 15-year-olds (7 boys and 10 girls), 22 16-year-olds (12 boys and 10 girls)). All but one photographic angle showed moderate to good correlation with the LODOX angles (Pearson r values 0.67–0.95) with the exception being the shoulder protraction/retraction angle Pearson r values. Bland Altman limits of agreement illustrated a slight bias for all angles. The reliability study findings from repeated photographs demonstrated moderate to good correlation of all angles (ICC values 0.78–0.99).

Conclusion
The findings of this study suggest that photographs provide valid and reliable indicators of the position of the underlying spine in sitting. Clinically it is important to know whether a patient is showing true progression in relation to a postural intervention. Based on the results of this study, the PPAM can be used in practice as a valid measure of sitting posture.
Critical role for BIM in T cell receptor restimulation-induced death
Authors: Snow Andrew L , Oliveira João B , Zheng Lixin , Dale Janet K , Fleisher Thomas A , Lenardo Michael J 
Published: August 2008

AbstractBackgroundUpon repeated or chronic antigen stimulation, activated T cells undergo a T cell receptor (TCR)-triggered propriocidal cell death important for governing the intensity of immune responses. This is thought to be chiefly mediated by an extrinsic signal through the Fas-FasL pathway. However, we observed that TCR restimulation still potently induced apoptosis when this interaction was blocked, or genetically impaired in T cells derived from autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (ALPS) patients, prompting us to examine Fas-independent, intrinsic signals.ResultsUpon TCR restimulation, we specifically noted a marked increase in the expression of BIM, a pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family protein known to mediate lymphocyte apoptosis induced by cytokine withdrawal. In fact, T cells from an ALPS type IV patient in which BIM expression is suppressed were more resistant to restimulation-induced death. Strikingly, knockdown of BIM expression rescued normal T cells from TCR-induced death to as great an extent as Fas disruption.ConclusionOur data implicates BIM as a critical mediator of apoptosis induced by restimulation as well as growth cytokine withdrawal. These findings suggest an important role for BIM in eliminating activated T cells even when IL-2 is abundant, working in conjunction with Fas to eliminate chronically stimulated T cells and maintain immune homeostasis.ReviewersThis article was reviewed by Dr. Wendy Davidson (nominated by Dr. David Scott), Dr. Mark Williams (nominated by Dr. Neil Greenspan), and Dr. Laurence C. Eisenlohr.
Description of chemical systems by their properties
Authors: Dybkær René 
Published: August 2008

Abstract
Proper handling and communication of data on chemical systems require knowledge about the mathematical characteristics of different types of property and the unambiguous representation of singular properties. Using the terminology of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), the concept "property" is generically divided according to various statistical characteristics of property values. The formatting of representation of dedicated kinds-of-property as elaborated by clinical chemists in the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) and the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (IFCC) should ensure correct data transmission between laboratory dialects in any chemical discipline.
Personalizing protein-drug interactions
Authors: Beeton-Kempen Natasha , Shoko Aubrey , Blackburn Jonathan 
Published: August 2008

Abstract
The development of new drugs today is a hugely expensive process, with estimated costs of up to $1 billion to take a drug through to market. However, despite this seemingly massive expenditure, statistics show that the great majority of prescription drugs on the market today are only effective for around 40 % of the patients to whom they are administered. Worse still, recently there have been a series of high-profile instances where potentially block-busting FDA-approved drugs have subsequently been withdrawn due to unanticipated side effects that were only revealed when the drug entered use in the general population. A variety of factors are at play in underpinning such statistics, but at the heart of the problem is the fact that, despite the extensive knowledge being generated in the postgenomic era about the genetic differences between individuals, Western medicine still today largely ignores such differences. The hope therefore is that by gaining a greater understanding of the individual nature of disease progression and of drug response, we might move toward a new era of personalized medicine in which the right drug is prescribed at the right dose to treat the precise disease afflicting the specific patient. As a step along this road, this review will discuss new approaches in the pharmacogenomics field to understanding in a quantitative manner the molecular consequence of polymorphic variation and mutation, both on encoded protein function and on protein-drug interactions.
Artificial tongues and leaves
Authors: Banerji Natalie , Bhosale Rajesh , Bollot Guillaume , Butterfield Sara M. , Fürstenberg Alexandre , Gorteau Virginie , Hagihara Shinya , Hennig Andreas , Maity Santanu , Mareda Jiri , Matile Stefan , Mora Federico , Perez-Velasco Alejandro , Ravikumar Velayutham , Kishore Ravuri S. K. , Sakai Naomi , Tran Duy-Hien , Vauthey Eric 
Published: August 2008

Abstract
The objective with synthetic multifunctional nanoarchitecture is to create large suprastructures with interesting functions. For this purpose, lipid bilayer membranes or conducting surfaces have been used as platforms and rigid-rod molecules as shape-persistent scaffolds. Examples for functions obtained by this approach include pores that can act as multicomponent sensors in complex matrices or rigid-rod π-stack architecture for artificial photosynthesis and photovoltaics.
Deleterious Effect of Late Menarche on Distal Tibia Microstructure in Healthy 20-Year-Old and Premenopausal Middle-Aged Women
Authors: Chevalley Thierry , Bonjour Jean-Philippe , Ferrari Serge , Rizzoli Rene 
Published: August 2008

Abstract
Late menarche is a risk factor for fragility fractures. We hypothesized that pubertal timing–dependent alterations in bone structural components would persist from peak bone mass to menopause, independent of premenopausal bone loss. We studied the influence of menarcheal age (MENA) on femoral neck BMD (FN aBMD) by DXA and microstructure of distal tibia by HR-pQCT in healthy young adult (YAD; 20.4 ± 0.6 [SD] yr, n = 124) and premenopausal middle-aged (PREMENO; 45.8 ± 3.4 yr, n = 120) women. Median of MENA was 13.0 ± 1.2 and 13.1 ± 1.7 yr in YAD and PREMENO, respectively. In YAD and PREMENO (n = 244), FN aBMD (R = −0.29, p = 0.013), as well as total volumetric BMD (Dtot; R = −0.23, p = 0.006) and cortical thickness (Ct.Th; R = −0.18, p = 0.011) of distal tibia were inversely correlated to MENA. After segregation by the median of MENA in EARLY and LATE subgroups, the significant influences of both MENA (p = 0.004) and chronological age (p &lt; 0.0001) were observed for FN aBMD and trabecular bone volume fraction of the distal tibia with similar differences in T-scores between LATE and EARLY subgroups in YAD (−0.36 and −0.31 T-scores) and PREMENO (−0.35 and −0.42 T-scores) women. Ct.Th was negatively influenced by MENA, whereas trabecular thickness (Tb.Th) was negatively influenced by chronological age. There was a striking inverse relationship between cross-sectional area and Ct.Th (R = −0.57, p &lt; 0.001). In conclusion, the negative influence of late menarcheal age at weight-bearing sites as observed by the end of skeletal growth remains unattenuated a few years before menopause and is independent of premenopausal bone loss. Alterations in both bone mineral mass and microstructural components may explain the increased risk of fragility fractures associated with later menarcheal age.
A Holistic Approach to the Design and Evaluation of Hydraulic-Fracture Treatments in Tight Gas Reservoirs
Authors: Aghighi M. A. , Chen Z. , Rahman S. S. 
Published: August 2008

Summary
This paper presents a comprehensive approach to the design of hydraulic-fracture treatments, accounting for anisotropic stress conditions, rock properties, and the effect of pore-pressure changes caused by production in tight gas reservoirs. This has allowed us, among other opportunities, to design a refracture treatment. The poroelastic model is also coupled with a production-optimization scheme to optimize the design parameters for hydraulic-fracture treatments. A case study of refracture treatment has been carried out for a typical tight gas reservoir. This study has shown that the fracture treatment can be optimized successfully to increase the net present value and/or ultimate gas recovery. This study also has demonstrated that a second fracture treatment can be performed after a period of production from the same treated interval to maintain production without the drilling of additional wells.
Repeatedly Increased Efficiency and Success Rate From a New Solids-Cleanout Process Using Coiled Tubing: A Review of Recent Achievements From More Than 100 Operations
Authors: Sach M. , Li J. 
Published: August 2008

Summary
Solids cleanouts using coiled tubing (CT) remain a major part of total activity in the CT industry. Because of the multitude of parameters that influence solids transport, it can be very challenging to design and execute solids cleanouts successfully with CT in highly deviated, larger wellbores with 7-in. production tubing, or even larger tubulars, installed.
Numerous papers have been written about the development of wiper-trip cleanout technology and associated engineering design tools, but this paper is focused instead on important practical issues that directly impact the effective implementation of wiper-trip technology in the field. This paper presents the results and lessons learned based on a database that was compiled from more than 100 solids cleanout operations using wiper-trip methodologies. Results will be presented showing how the wiper trip cleanout methodology has improved cleanout efficiency and success rate. Examples are presented showing how the effectiveness of cleanout bottom-hole assemblies (BHAs) involving positive-displacement motors (PDMs) and mills has been improved, while simultaneously reducing stress on surface equipment during the operation. Circulation rates higher than specified maximum rates for the PDM are being used without danger of damaging the PDM, while reducing the total volume pumped through the PDM during the cleanout by 80–90%. Larger outer diameter (OD) items in the BHA are kept clean of solids while wiper tripping, reducing the risk of stuck CT and protecting sensitive completion components from undesirable interactions with the PDM/mill BHA. Multiple wiper trips can be performed in one run without the use of drop balls, while having the ability to use selected functions of critical BHA components and full-size drifting of the wellbore for subsequent operations. Field-proven procedures are explained, allowing solids loading in the annulus to be controlled and reduced when necessary, and allowing estimates of solids volumes during the cleanout to be established, on the basis of feedback from the cleanout BHA before any solids have actually reached surface.
Productivity Impairment From Kaolinite Mobilization: Laboratory and Field Experience, Oseberg Sør
Authors: Fleming Niall , Mathisen Anne M. , Eriksen Synnøve H. , Moldrheim Erlend , Johansen Thomas R. 
Published: August 2008

Summary
The Oseberg Sør field, operated by Hydro Oil & Energy, is situated 130 km west of the Norwegian coast on the eastern flank of the Viking Graben structure. It consists of fault-bounded structural units of varying geological complexity. Within these units, the reservoir intervals are of moderate to poor quality and can exhibit strong contrasts in permeability and formation-water composition. Reservoir-pressure support is provided by combined injection of gas and Utsira aquifer-produced water. The wells are a combination of platform and subsea and include extended-reach horizontals with complex geometry and lesser numbers of vertical wells.
Coreflooding was undertaken with material from the major producing intervals (Ness, Middle and Upper Tarbet, and Upper Jurassic). This coreflooding has been used to assess potential formation damage resulting from application of oil-based mud (OBM) or scale-inhibitor squeeze treatment. In all instances, the major cause of formation damage was the mobilization of kaolinite that can form up to 20 wt% of the bulk rock and that occurs in all producing intervals. Coreflooding demonstrated that even at low flow rates (30 mL/h), permeability was reduced by up to 99% during initial plug saturation and before the onset of treatment. Modification of the coreholder allowed multiport permeability measurements to be made; these measurements gave an indication of the depth of damage.
Field evidence gives only an indirect indication of the effect of kaolinite mobilization on well productivity. For example, a gradual reduction in well productivity was reversed after squeeze treatment. This gradual decline is possibly a result of the migration of kaolinite during well inflow, the consequence of which is a reduction in permeability. Squeezing could have caused the dispersion of kaolinite away from the near wellbore with an increase in well productivity.
Given the adverse results obtained from coreflooding caused by kaolinite mobilization, significant effort has been directed toward identifying methods by which to reduce its impact, including through incorporation of clay stabilizers in scale-inhibitor squeeze treatments and remedial treatments with mud-acid stimulation. Laboratory results of these evaluations will be presented.
Although the occurrence of kaolinite on Oseberg Sør has potentially reduced well inflow performance, it has had a positive influence on scale-inhibitor squeeze lifetimes. A field example will be given to show this.