bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Re‐evaluating acridine orange for rapid flow cytometric enumeration of parasitemia in malaria‐infected rodents
Authors: Bhakdi Sebastian Chakrit , Sratongno Panudda , Chimma Pattamawan , Rungruang Thanaporn , Chuncharunee Aporn , Neumann Hartmut P. H. , Malasit Prida , Pattanapanyasat Kovit 
Published: April 2007

AbstractBackground:Methods facilitating research in malaria are of pivotal relevance. Flow cytometry offers the possibility of rapid enumeration of parasitemia. It relies on staining the parasite DNA to distinguish between infected and non‐infected red blood cell (RBC) populations. Unfortunately, in rodents abundant reticulocyte RNA interferes with the application of the method. This results in time‐consuming sample preparation protocols that offer no clear advantage over microscopic counting. We re‐evaluated the use of the DNA/RNA discriminating vital fluorochrome acridine orange (AO) for rapid flow cytometric enumeration of parasitemia in rodents.Methods:Whole blood from rodents infected with Plasmodium berghei and Plasmodium yoelii was stained with AO and analyzed by flow cytometer. A newly developed two‐channel (FL1/FL3) detection method was compared with conventional one‐channel (FL1) detection and microscopic counting.Results:The new AO two‐channel detection method clearly discriminated between infected and non‐infected RBC populations. It showed to be linear above parasitemias of 0.3%. Sample processing time amounted to approximately 5 min.Conclusions:It is shown that AO can be used for rapid, precise, and accurate enumeration of parasitemia in rodents. Due to its ease of handling the method might find widespread application in malaria research. © 2007 International Society for Analytical Cytology
How to innervate a simple gut: Familiar themes and unique aspects in the formation of the insect enteric nervous system
Authors: Copenhaver Philip F. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractLike the vertebrate enteric nervous system (ENS), the insect ENS consists of interconnected ganglia and nerve plexuses that control gut motility. However, the insect ENS lies superficially on the gut musculature, and its component cells can be individually imaged and manipulated within cultured embryos. Enteric neurons and glial precursors arise via epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transitions that resemble the generation of neural crest cells and sensory placodes in vertebrates; most cells then migrate extensive distances before differentiating. A balance of proneural and neurogenic genes regulates the morphogenetic programs that produce distinct structures within the insect ENS. In vivo studies have also begun to decipher the mechanisms by which enteric neurons integrate multiple guidance cues to select their pathways. Despite important differences between the ENS of vertebrates and invertebrates, common features in their programs of neurogenesis, migration, and differentiation suggest that these relatively simple preparations may provide insights into similar developmental processes in more complex systems. Deveopmental Dynamics 236:1841–1864, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Haemopoietic growth factors significantly improve the mitotic index and chromosome quality in cytogenetic cultures of myeloid neoplasia
Authors: Earle Victoria L. , Ross Fiona , Fisher Andrew , Strike Paul , Berrington Samantha , Chiecchio Laura , Cabanas Elisabet Dachs , Washbourne Rebecca , Watts Kathryn , Grand Francis 
Published: April 2007

AbstractHaemopoietic growth factors stimulate bone marrow cell division, differentiation, and survival in vivo. We have investigated the use of recombinant human haemopoietic growth factors in vitro to improve cytogenetic cultures. Using a combination of granulocyte colony stimulating factor, granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor, stem cell factor, and interleukin‐3, we developed an additive for bone marrow cultures intended to stimulate myeloid cell growth. Sixty‐seven paired parallel cultures were analyzed, of which 50 were abnormal. The growth factor (GF) cultures showed a median four‐ to five‐fold increase in mitotic index (MI) (P < 0.0001). In addition, the chromosome morphology was significantly improved in the GF cultures with a median increase in United Kingdom National External Quality Assessment Scheme quality score of 1.25 points (P < 0.0001). There was no statistically significant difference in the number of abnormal cells between the two culture methods. The combination of higher MI and improved chromosome quality substantially reduces the time required to process a case; furthermore, the GF medium is cheaper than the medium with which it was compared. This method is suitable for both diagnostic and follow‐up cytogenetic analysis of acute and chronic myeloid neoplasia and is particularly useful for poorly cellular marrow samples or blood samples that would be expected to fail on standard culture. The use of this method has enabled substantial improvements in work efficiency in our oncology cytogenetic laboratory and reduced average reporting times from 9.0 days (2004/5) to 7.1 days (2005/6), despite a 6% increase in sample numbers. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A new approach to the synthesis of 1,2,3,5‐tetrasubstituted pyrroles
Authors: Vizer S. A. , Dedeshko E. H. , Yerzhanov K. B. , Dembitsky V. M. 
Published: April 2007

Abstract2‐Propargyl‐1,3‐dicarbonyl derivatives, namely the corresponding cumulenes and diethoxyphosphoryloxy containing substances in the reactions with primary amines, are converted into the corresponding 1,2,3,5‐tetrasubstituted pyrroles. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 18:220–225, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20265
A study on the michael addition of dialkylphosphites to methylvinylketone
Authors: Keglevich György , Sipos Melinda , Takács Daniella , Greiner István 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe addition of dialkylphosphites to methylvinylketone giving dialkyl‐3‐oxobutylphos‐ phonates was studied applying different reagents, such as NaOR/ROH, NaOH/H2O under PTC, DBU, and R3Al (R = Me, Et) under different conditions to find the optimum choice regarding efficiency and selectivity. Possible extensions to a few other model compounds were also investigated. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 18:226–229, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20266
Synthesis and characterization of new blue‐greenish electroluminescent materials based on 1,3,4‐oxadiazole‐triazolopyridinone hybrids
Authors: Shin Ming‐Hsiang , Wong Fung Fuh , Lin Chun‐Min , Chen Wen‐Yi , Yeh Mou‐Yung 
Published: April 2007

AbstractNew functionalized oxadiazole‐triazolopyridinone derivatives were synthesized via arcycloaddition. With the chromophores of triazolopyridinone, the photoluminescence spectra of these compounds in dichloromethane solution showed emission peaks between 430 and 520 nm. Following the spectroscopic studies, and the measurements of cyclic voltammogram, 1,3,4‐oxadiazole‐triazolopyridinone hybrids possess a great potential as highly efficient, blue‐greenish, organic light‐emitting devices materials. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 18:212–219, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20285
A report on the “new frontiers in group 13 chemistry” symposium from the 88th Canadian Society for Chemistry Conference and Exhibition
Authors: Gossage Robert A. , Westcott Stephen A. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe 88th Canadian Society for Chemistry Conference and Exhibition was held in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, during the period of May 28–June 1, 2005. More than 250 chemists from various academic institutes and industries enjoyed five plenary lectures, thirteen oral presentations and a plethora of poster presentations. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 18:323–332, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20287
Synthesis of substituted thieno[2,3‐bpyrroles
Authors: Wei Hongtao , Cai Jin , Sun Min , Ji Min 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThieno[2,3‐b]pyrroles can be synthesized through three steps: Gewald synthesis, alkylation, and Thorpe–Ziegler cyclization. Diethyl 3,6‐bis((ethoxycarbonyl)methyl)‐4‐amino‐6H‐thieno[2,3‐b]pyrrole‐2,5‐dicarboxylate (13) has been obtained by one‐pot method in DMF in good yield and high quality. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 18:236–238, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20290
A new method for the synthesis of dinaphtho[1,2‐b;2′,1′‐d]thiophenes and selenophenes
Authors: Alam Ashraful , Ohta Hidetoshi , Yamamoto Tatsuya , Ogawa Satoshi , Sato Ryu 
Published: April 2007

AbstractNaphthalene‐1‐sulfonic acid dimethylamides were treated with n‐BuLi and elemental sulfur or selenium to afford dinaphtho[1,2‐b:2′,1′‐d]thiophenes and selenophenes, respectively. This is the first example of making two CS/Se bonds and a CC bond in a single step at room temperature and also demonstrates a useful method for the synthesis of both thiophenes and selenophenes on naphthalene. In the case of the reactions of elemental selenium, diselenides were also obtained along with dinaphtho[1,2‐b:2′,1′‐d]selenophenes. The structure of dinaphtho[1,2‐b:′,1′‐d]thiophene was characterized by X‐ray crystallography as a representative molecule. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 18:239–248, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20291
Synthesis of novel 5‐aryl‐1H‐tetrazoles
Authors: Özkan Hamdi , Yavuz Serkan , Dişli Ali , Yıldırır Yılmaz , Türker Lemi 
Published: April 2007

AbstractIn this study phenylselenocyanate and some of its derivatives (o‐Cl, p‐Cl, p‐Br, o‐NO2, p‐NO2, o‐CH3, p‐CH3, o‐COOH, p‐COOH, p‐OCH3 substituted) were synthesized (3a–3j). The synthesized compounds were converted to 5‐aryl‐1H‐tetrazole (4a–4j), by Et3N ċ HCl‐NaN3 in toluene, which are a new series of phenylselanyl‐1H‐tetrazoles. The structure of all the presently synthesized compounds were confirmed using spectroscopic methods (FTIR, 1H NMR, MS). © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 18:255–258, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20293
Synthesis of some new benzofuran‐based thiophene, 1,3‐oxathiole and 1,3,4‐oxa(thia)diazole derivatives
Authors: Dawood Kamal M. , Farag Ahmad M. , Abdel‐Aziz Hatem A. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractTreatment of 3‐(3‐methylbenzofuran‐2‐yl)‐3‐oxopropanenitrile (1) with phenyl isothiocyanate afforded the thioacetanilide derivative 3, which when reacted with α‐haloketones, α‐halodiketones, and hydrazonoyl chlorides gives thiophene, 1,3‐oxathiole, and 1,3,4‐thiadiazole derivatives 6a,b, 10a,b and 14a–g, respectively. Treatment of 3‐methyl‐2‐benzofurancarboxylic acid hydrazide (15) with benzaldehyde followed by bromine afforded the 1,3,4‐oxadiazole derivative 18. Treatment of the acid hydrazide 15 with phenyl isothiocyanate gave the thiosemicarbazide 20. Compound 20 could be converted into 1,3,4‐oxadiazole, 1,2,4‐triazole‐3‐thione, and 1,3,4‐thiadiazole derivatives 21, 22, and 23, respectively. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 18:294–300, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20298
Stabilizing effect of intramolecular lewis base toward racemization of optically active selenoxides
Authors: Soma Takahiro , Shimizu Toshio , Hirabayashi Kazunori , Kamigata Nobumasa 
Published: April 2007

Abstract2‐(Methylchalcogenomethyl)diphenyl selenoxides 1 and 2‐{2′‐(N,N‐dimethylamino)ethyl}phenyl alkyl (or aryl) selenoxides 2, which were expected to be stabilized toward racemization by intramolecular coordination, were synthesized and optically resolved into their enantiomers on an optically active column using high‐performance liquid chromatography. Relationship between the absolute configurations and the chiroptical properties of the enantiomers was clarified by comparing with those of sulfur analogues. Stabilities toward racemization of optically active selenoxides 1a and 1b were nearly equal to that of 2‐{(N,N‐dimethylamino)methyl}diphenyl selenoxide and mesityl phenyl selenoxide. The rates of racemization for optically active selenoxides 2 were found to be faster than that of 2‐{(N,N‐dimethylamino)methyl}phenyl alkyl (or aryl) selenoxides. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 18:301–311, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20299
Triphenylphosphine catalyzed formation of functionalized 2‐aminothiophenes
Authors: Virieux David , Guillouzic Anne‐Françoise , Cristau Henri‐Jean 
Published: April 2007

AbstractTriphenylphosphine was used as a nucleophilic catalyst in the addition–cyclization reaction of phenyl isothiocyanate with electron‐deficient allenes. This strategy offers a new approach for the synthesis of 2‐aminothiophenes under neutral conditions. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 18:312–315, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20300
PSI3: An open‐source Ab Initio electronic structure package
Authors: Crawford T. Daniel , Sherrill C. David , Valeev Edward F. , Fermann Justin T. , King Rollin A. , Leininger Matthew L. , Brown Shawn T. , Janssen Curtis L. , Seidl Edward T. , Kenny Joseph P. , Allen Wesley D. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractPSI3 is a program system and development platform for ab initio molecular electronic structure computations. The package includes mature programming interfaces for parsing user input, accessing commonly used data such as basis‐set information or molecular orbital coefficients, and retrieving and storing binary data (with no software limitations on file sizes or file‐system‐sizes), especially multi‐index quantities such as electron repulsion integrals. This platform is useful for the rapid implementation of both standard quantum chemical methods, as well as the development of new models. Features that have already been implemented include Hartree‐Fock, multiconfigurational self‐consistent‐field, second‐order Møller‐Plesset perturbation theory, coupled cluster, and configuration interaction wave functions. Distinctive capabilities include the ability to employ Gaussian basis functions with arbitrary angular momentum levels; linear R12 second‐order perturbation theory; coupled cluster frequency‐dependent response properties, including dipole polarizabilities and optical rotation; and diagonal Born‐Oppenheimer corrections with correlated wave functions. This article describes the programming infrastructure and main features of the package. PSI3 is available free of charge through the open‐source, GNU General Public License. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2007
Nickel peroxide: A more probable intermediate in the Ni(II)‐catalyzed decomposition of peroxomonosulfate
Authors: Thendral P. , Shailaja S. , Ramachandran M. S. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe Ni(II) ion catalyzed thermal decomposition of peroxomonosulfate (PMS) was studied in the pH range 3.42–5.89. The rate is first order in [PMS] and Ni(II) ion concentrations. At pH greater than or equal to 5.23, the reaction becomes zero order in [PMS] and this changeover in the order of the reaction occurs at a higher concentration of nickel ions. The first‐order kinetics in PMS can be explained as a rate‐limiting step and is the transformation of nickel peroxomonosulfate into nickel peroxide. This peroxide intermediate reacts rapidly with another PMS to give oxygen and Ni(II). The formation of nickel peroxide is associated with a small negative or nearly zero entropy of activation. The zero‐order kinetics in [PMS] can be explained by the fact that the hydrolysis of aquated nickel(II) ions into hydroxocompounds is the rate‐limiting step. The turnover number is 2 at pH 3.42 and increases with pH. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 39: 320–237, 2007
Long‐term pulmonary function in survivors of childhood Hodgkin disease and non‐Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Oguz Aynur , Tayfun Tayyar , Citak Elvan Caglar , Karadeniz Ceyda , Tatlicioglu Turkan , Boyunaga Oznur , Bora Huseyin 
Published: April 2007

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of our study was to evaluate the long‐term effects of chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy on lung function in 75 childhood Hodgkin disease (HD) and non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) survivors several years after treatment.Patients and MethodsWe studied 37 HD and 38 NHL survivors. These patients were divided into two groups according to the treatment protocols applied. Group I consisted of 23 patients who were treated with both chemotherapy and thoracic irradiation and Group II consisted of 52 patients who were treated with chemotherapy and no thoracic irradiation. A detailed history of smoking habits, respiratory symptoms, and diseases was recorded. Complete physical examinations and pulmonary function tests [PFT, including spirometry, lung volume, and diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO)] were performed on all subjects.ResultsNo patients reported acute or chronic respiratory symptoms or diseases. Pulmonary function abnormality (reduced lung volume and diffusion capacity) was found in 13% of patients at a median 5 years after diagnosis. The percentage of predicted normal value of forced expiratory volume in the 1st sec (FEV1), residual volume (RV), and DLCO were significantly lower in Group I than these values for Group II. There were no significant differences in PFT parameters between patients with HD and NHL (P > 0.05). It appears that the risk of reduced lung function was greater the younger the patient in therapy.ConclusionChemotherapy or chemo‐radiotherapy‐induced pulmonary sequalae in childhood may remain asymptomatic for many years. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2007;49:699–703. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of epoxidized oils and/or fortifier on glass fibre‐epoxy composites
Authors: Thakkar Jatin R. , Patel Ravji D. , Patel Ranjan G. , Patel Vithal S. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThis paper deals with the effect of addition of epoxidized mowrah oil (EMO) and epoxidized cashew‐nut‐shell liquid (ECNSL) on the properties of glass fibre reinforced conventional epoxy resin, diglycidyl ether of bisphenol‐A (DGEBA) composites. The chemical resistance, tensile strength and flexural strength of the laminates increased, while impact and hardness were found to decrease on using these diluents with DGEBA. Dielectric properties such as breakdown strength, dielectric constant (ϵ′) dielectric loss (ϵ″) and loss tangent (tan δ) were compared. A significant improvement in the properties was observed on addition of 20 parts per hundred grams (phr) of an epoxy fortifier, a condensation product of phenyl glycidyl ether and 4‐hydroxyacetanilide.
Comparison of the thermal stabilities of some resin matrices for composites
Authors: Knight G. J. , Wright W. W. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe thermal stabilities of eleven different epoxy resin formulations, ten different polyimide resin formulations, a triazine resin formulation and two aromatic thermoplastic matrices have been compared by isothermal gravimetry in air. The overall activation energies for degradation as a function of percentage weight loss have been determined by regression analysis of the isothermal data. The values obtained indicate a very complex breakdown mechanism in the majority of cases.
Effects of inorganic electrolytes upon emulsion polymerisation reactions. I. Effects upon kinetics of styrene emulsion homopolymerisation and of styrene‐acrylic acid emulsion copolymerisation
Authors: Blackley David C. , Andries S. , Sebastian R. D. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractResults are given for the effects of two added inorganic electrolytes, potassium chloride and calcium chloride, upon the kinetics of the emulsion homopolymerisation of styrene and of the emulsion copolymerisation of styrene with a minor amount of acrylic acid, using sodium dodecylbenzenesulphonate as surfactant and potassium persulphate as initiator. Three reaction systems were investigated. Two were for the emulsion homopolymerisation of styrene, one reaction system using a relatively high level of surfactant and the other a relatively low level of surfactant. The third reaction system was for the emulsion copolymerisation of styrene and acrylic acid using an intermediate level of surfactant. The results show that the effects of added electrolytes can be varied and complex: they depend upon several factors such as the nature and amount of the added electrolyte, the level of surfactant, and the presence or absence of the acidic comonomer.
Developments in modelling emulsion polymerisation processes
Authors: Brooks B. W. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractDevelopments in models for emulsion polymerisation are considered; various types of model can be used and the choice depends on circumstances. Descriptions of batch processes include radical desorption, gel effects and molecular weight distributions. With flow reactors, allowance is made for variations in particle size and number. Population balances are useful in model formulation. Progress is being made with copolymerisation and the use of semi‐batch reactors.
Further experimental considerations on poly(dihalophenylene oxide)
Authors: Kisakürek Duygu , Türker Lemi 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe decomposition of copper(II) 2,6‐dibromo‐4‐chlorophenoxide in acetonitrile yields poly(dihalophenylene oxide). 1H NMR study revealed that 1,4‐catenation was favoured over 1,2‐catenation, leading to higher linearity in the structure.
Some thermal studies on polystyrylpyridine resins and related model compounds
Authors: Bloch B. , Wright W. W. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractFive model compounds representing part of the structure of polystyrylpy‐ridines have been studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and pyrolysis‐gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (P‐GC‐MS). Cured resin samples have also been examined by pyrolysis‐gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry and thermogravimetry.DSC showed that, with one exception, all the model compounds were crystalline as supplied and recrystallisation occurred readily on melting and cooling.The breakdown products in P‐GC‐MS, with the exception of 1‐methyleneindene (produced from three of the model compounds), could all be explained on the basis of general bond scission followed by H or C6H5 transfer.Thermogravimetry indicated the minimum cure cycle necessary to give optimum thermal stability on a weight loss basis.
Ionic conductivity of unsaturated polyester resin networks containing LiCIO4
Authors: Hu Chun Pu , Wright Peter V. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractPoly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) 400‐maleate‐isophthalate resins have been prepared and LiCIO4 dissolved in the resins before crosslinking with 30% of styrene, vinylpyrrolidone or vinylpyridine. The DC conductivities of the resins were measured and found to increase in the order vinylpyridine 〈vinylpyrrolidone〉 styrene for the same [EO]/[Li+] ratio ( = 50). For the styrene system σ = 3 × 10−6Scm−1 at ambient temperatures and for the vinylpyridine system σ = 1 × 10−7 Scm−1. The Tgs of the system were also measured using dynamic mechanical thermal analysis and were found to be very close (257‐260 K). The above sequence was therefore attributed to stronger site‐binding of lithium ions at the more polar comonomers. An interpenetrating network (IPN) consisting of the styrene‐polyester and incorporating 40% PEO 400 was also prepared with[EO]/[Li+]ratios of 20 and 50. These gave ambient temperature conductivities of 1 × 10−5 and 3 × 10−5 Scm−1, respectively.
Studies on the incorporation of trans‐polyoctenylene in polystyrene and PVC blends
Authors: Lau Wayne W. Y. , Swee‐Hin Teoh , Suat‐Hong Goh 
Published: April 2007

Abstracttrans‐Polyoctenylene rubber, TOR, has been melt blended with PVC and with polystyrene, PS, in various proportions. PVC/TOR and PS/TOR blends were rigid, lending support to the claim that TOR improves dimensional stability of polymer and rubber blends. A processability study of PVC/TOR blends using a Brabender Plasti‐corder showed that TOR is a suitable processing aid for PVC.