bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Selective desorption of carbon dioxide from sewage sludge for in situ methane enrichment—part I: Pilot‐plant experiments
Authors: Lindberg Anna , Rasmuson Åke C. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractIn situ methane enrichment in anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge has been investigated by experiments and by modeling. In this first part, the experimental work on the desorption of carbon dioxide and methane from sewage sludge is reported. The bubble column, had a diameter of 0.3 m and a variable height up to 1.8 m. At operation the dispersion height in the column was between 1 and 1.3 m. Outdoor air was used. The column was placed close to a full‐scale sewage sludge digester, at a municipal wastewater treatment plant. The digester was operated at mesophilic conditions with a hydraulic retention time of about 20 days. The bubble column was operated to steady‐state, at which carbon dioxide concentration and alkalinity were determined on the liquid side, and the concentration of carbon dioxide and methane on the gas side. Thirty‐eight experiments were performed at various liquid and gas flow rates. The experimental results show that the desorption rates achieved for carbon dioxide ranges from 0.07 to 0.25 m3 CO2/m3 sludge per day, which is comparable to the rate of generation by the anaerobic digestion. With increasing liquid flow rate and decreasing gas flow rate the amount of methane desorbed per amount of carbon dioxide desorbed increases. The lowest methane loss achieved is approximately 2% of the estimated methane production in the digestion process. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Water‐soluble carbon nanotube‐enzyme conjugates as functional biocatalytic formulations
Authors: Asuri Prashanth , Karajanagi Sandeep S. , Sellitto Edward , Kim Dae‐Yun , Kane Ravi S. , Dordick Jonathan S. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractWe report the activity, stability, and reusability of enzyme‐carbon nanotube conjugates in aqueous solutions. A variety of enzymes were covalently attached to oxidized multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs). These conjugates were soluble in aqueous buffer, retained a high fraction of their native activity, and were stable at higher temperatures relative to their solution phase counterparts. Furthermore, the high surface area of MWNTs afforded high enzyme loadings, yet the intrinsic high length of the MWNT led to facile filtration. These water‐soluble carbon nanotube‐enzyme conjugates represent novel preparations that possess the virtues of both soluble and immobilized enzymes, thus providing a unique combination of useful attributes such as low mass transfer resistance, high activity and stability, and reusability. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Analysis of polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) synthase gene in activated sludge that produces PHA containing 3‐hydroxy‐2‐methylvalerate
Authors: Michinaka Atsuko , Arou Jun , Onuki Motoharu , Satoh Hiroyasu , Mino Takashi 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe identification of phaC which encodes PHA synthase, that is involved in the formation of polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) containing 3‐hydroxy‐2‐methylvalerate (3H2MV), was attempted. As of now, PHA containing 3H2MV has been reported to be produced only by mixed microbial cultures in activated sludge, but no pure bacterial cultures. A laboratory‐scale activated sludge process was operated for 67 days. During the operation of the activated sludge process, its capacity to produce PHA containing 3H2MV, and the diversity of the partial phaC genes in the activated sludge microorganisms were monitored periodically. Analysis of the partial phaC genes was conducted by PCR followed by cloning and DNA sequencing, or by PCR followed by terminal‐restriction fragment length polymorphism (T‐RFLP). The cloning‐sequencing of the 263 clones gave 11 distinct genetic groups (GGs). All of the genetic groups had similarities to known phaC higher than 48%, and one of them had similarity as high as 96% to that of Alcaligenes sp. The behavior of each of the genetic groups during the operation of the activated sludge process was monitored by the T‐RFLP method. The restriction enzyme AccII, with the help of MboI, enabled the monitoring of each of the genetic groups. One of the genetic groups was found to have a strong correlation with the capability of the activated sludge to produce PHA containing 3H2MV, and its DNA sequence together with its amino acid sequence are reported. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2007;96:871–880. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sustainability and stakeholder management: the need for new corporate performance evaluation and reporting systems
Authors: Perrini Francesco , Tencati Antonio 
Published: August 2006

AbstractCorporate sustainability, that is the capacity of a firm to continue operating over a long period of time, depends on the sustainability of its stakeholder relationships. This new stakeholder view of the firm goes beyond previous work on the triple bottom line and balanced scorecard. Companies need appropriate systems to measure and control their own behaviour in order to assess whether they are responding to stakeholder concerns in an effective way and to communicate the results achieved. These sustainability accounting systems should have the purpose of broadening and integrating the traditional financial approaches to corporate performance measurement, taking stakeholder needs into due account. This article presents the sustainability evaluation and reporting system (SERS), an integrated methodology aimed at monitoring and tracking from a qualitative and quantitative viewpoint the overall corporate performance according to a stakeholder framework, in line with small and medium‐sized enterprises' managerial requirements. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
An integrated framework for the financial analysis of sustainability
Authors: Castro Noelia Romero , Chousa Juan Piñeiro 
Published: August 2006

AbstractFinancial analysis, traditionally considered as a suitable tool for assessing a company's financial and economic situation and guiding the decision‐making processes of companies and financial markets, should embrace sustainability issues within its logic, under some kind of scheme or framework that permits the evaluation of a company's sustainable management system and the impact of sustainability issues on financial performance. An integrated model is needed that takes into account the social, environmental and economic performances of a company and their expression using data that is both quantitative and qualitative, accounting and non‐accounting, physical and monetary. In this paper an integrated framework for the financial analysis of the creation of sustainability‐oriented value in companies is proposed. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Antagonist effect of flufenamic acid on TRPM2 cation channels activated by hydrogen peroxide
Authors: Nazıroğlu Mustafa , Lückhoff Andreas , Jüngling Eberhard 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe melastatin‐related transient receptor potential channel TRPM2 is a plasma membrane Ca2+‐permeable cation channel that is activated by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as a consequence of oxidative stress although the channel activation by H2O2 appears to represent a cell‐specific process in cells with endogenous expression of TRPM2. Flufenamic acid (FA) is a non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory compound. Whether H2O2 activates or FA inhibits TRPM2 channels in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell is currently unknown. Due to lack of known antogonists of this channel, we demonstrate in CHO cells that FA inhibits TRPM2 activated by extracellular H2O2. CHO cells were transfected with cDNA coding for TRPM2. Cells were studied with the conventional whole‐cell patch clamp technique. The intracellular solution used EDTA (10 mM) as chelator for Ca2+ and heavy metal ions. H2O2 (10 mM) and FA (0.1 mM) were applied extracellularly. Non‐selective cation currents were consistently induced by H2O2. The time cause of H2O2 effects was characterized by a delay of 2–5 min and a slow current induction to reach a plateau. The H2O2‐ induced inward current was effectively inhibited by 0.1 mM FA applied extracellularly. In conclusion, we have demonstrated that FA is an effective antogonist of TRPM2 channels and H2O2activated currents in CHO cells. FA in CHO cells may be considered, at best, a starting point for the development of TRPM2 channel blockers. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum and plasmalemmal Ca2+‐ATPase activities in cremaster muscles and sacs differ according to the associated inguinal pathology
Authors: Ulusu N. N. , Tandoğan B. , Tanyel F. C. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractSarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+‐ATPase (SERCA) and plasmalemmal Ca2+‐ATPase (PMCA) activities in cremaster muscles and sacs, which have been subjected to different autonomic tonuses, were determined and compared. Samples of cremaster muscles and sacs associated with male or female inguinal hernia, hydrocele or undescended testis were obtained from children during operations and activities of SERCA and PMCA were determined. While highest SERCA and PMCA activities were encountered among cremaster muscles and sacs associated with undescended testis, least activities were encountered among structures associated with hydrocele. The alterations in SERCA and PMCA activities in cremaster muscles associated with undescended testis appear to reflect the attempts at maintaining the levels of cytosolic calcium. Despite similar total calcium contents, lower SERCA and PMCA activities were found in sacs associated with hydrocele compared to those associated with undescended testis suggest a difference among the levels of cytosolic calcium. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Apo E gene polymorphism on development of diabetic nephropathy
Authors: İlhan Necip , Kahraman Neslihan , Seçkin Dilara , İlhan Nevin , Çolak Ramis 
Published: August 2006

AbstractType 2 diabetes causes premature morbidity and mortality due to the complications of atherosclerosis and diabetic nephropathy (DN). Polymorphism of Apo E gene is known to influence lipid metabolism. Apo E is polymorphic, consisting of three common isoforms (ε2, ε3 and ε4) encoded by three alleles (2, 3 and 4) in exon 4 on chromosome 19. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Apo E polymorphism as a prognostic risk factor for the development of DN. A total of 108 NIDDM patients were recruited from the Nephrology and Endocrinology Departments of our hospital. All subjects were divided into three groups: Group I: diabetes with nephropathy (n:37), group II: diabetes without nephropathy (n:71), group III: controls (n:46). Apo E genotypes were determined by real‐time PCR. The ε4 allele frequency was significantly higher in‐group I (10.8%) than in‐group III (2.2%), (p < 0.05). In diabetics without nephropathy, the total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol levels were significantly lower in subjects with ε2 alleles than ε3 and ε4 alleles. In conclusion, the present prospective study indicates that the ε4 allele of the Apo E polymorphism is one of the prognostic risk factors involved in the development of DN with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of hyperthermia on heat shock protein expression, alkaline phosphatase activity and proliferation in human osteosarcoma cells
Authors: Trieb K. , Blahovec H. , Kubista B. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractHyperthermia can be used as a possible adjuvant therapy in treatment of cancer patients. In this study, the direct effect of hyperthermia on osteosarcoma derived cell lines HOS85, MG‐63 and SaOS‐2 was investigated. Heat shock at 42°C inhibited proliferation significantly in all three cell lines tested. Furthermore a sub‐lethal heat shock (42°C, 1 h) decreases alkaline phosphatase activity, the absolute marker for osteoblast‐like cells, in all of the three cell lines. Hsp70 was expressed constitutively and was found to be upregulated in a time‐dependent manner; by up to 150% in Western blot analysis. The results of this study indicate that heat shock has an inhibitory effect on human osteosarcoma cells. These data suggest that hyperthermia has an anti‐tumour effect on cancers of the bone and might, therefore, become an adjuvant treatment option. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reactions of Th and U Atoms with C2H2: Infrared Spectra and Relativistic Calculations of the Metallacyclopropene, Actinide Insertion, and Ethynyl Products
Authors: Andrews Lester , Kushto Gary P. , Marsden Colin J. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractReactions of laser‐ablated Th and U atoms with C2H2 during condensation with excess argon at 7 K give several new product species. The metallacyclopropene, inserted hydride, and actinide ethynyl are identified from isotopic frequencies and relativistic DFT calculations. The higher‐energy vinylidine isomer was not observed. These actinide metallacyclopropenes exhibit substantially stronger bonding interactions than found recently for the Pd and Pt metals. In the case of Th(C2H2) the argon matrix interaction is strong enough to reverse the computed order of states (MR‐CISD) in favor of a triplet ground state for the (Ar)n(Th(C2H2)) complex. The nature of the electronic interactions between various metal atoms and acetylene is compared and the origin of the particularly strong interaction for U and Th is traced to the higher energy of their 6d orbitals. The ThCCH and UCCH actinide ethynyl products are also observed and characterized by CC stretching modes 38±2 cm−1 lower than acetylene itself.
Homochirality as a Consequence of Thermodynamic Equilibrium?
Authors: Crusats Joaquim , Veintemillas‐Verdaguer Sabino , Ribó Josep M. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractRecent results on the crystallisation/dissolution equilibrium of enantiomorphic crystals of NaClO3 lead to the conclusion that liquid‐phase systems composed of achiral or fast racemising compounds yielding enantiomorphic solid phases (racemic conglomerates) can derive spontaneously to a single homochiral solid phase. This is a thermodynamically driven total resolution, which can only occur when the system is so perturbed that chiral recognition between the species of the system becomes feasible.
Synthetically Tailored Excited States: Phosphorescent, Cyclometalated Iridium(III) Complexes and Their Applications
Authors: Lowry Michael S. , Bernhard Stefan 
Published: August 2006

AbstractPhosphorescent iridium(III) complexes are being widely explored for their utility in diverse photophysical applications. The performance of these materials in such roles depends heavily on their excited‐state properties, which can be tuned through ligand and substituent effects. This concept article focuses on methods for synthetically tailoring the properties of bis‐cyclometalated iridium(III) materials, and explores the factors governing the nature of their lowest excited state.
How much can current interventions reduce colorectal cancer mortality in the U.S.?
Authors: Vogelaar Iris , van Ballegooijen Marjolein , Schrag Deborah , Boer Rob , Winawer Sidney J. , Habbema J. Dik F. , Zauber Ann G. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractBACKGROUND.Although colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer death in the U.S., available interventions to reduce CRC mortality are disseminated only partially throughout the population. This study assessed the potential reduction in CRC mortality that may be achieved through further dissemination of current interventions for risk‐factor modification, screening, and treatment.METHODS.The MISCAN‐COLON microsimulation model was used to simulate the 2000 U.S. population with respect to CRC risk‐factor prevalence, screening use, and treatment use. The model was used to project age‐standardized CRC mortality from 2000 to 2020 for 3 intervention scenarios.RESULTS.Without changes in risk‐factor prevalence, screening use, and treatment use after 2000, CRC mortality would decrease by 17% by the Year 2020. If the 1995 to 2000 trends continue, then the projected reduction in mortality would be 36%. However, if trends in the prevalence of risk‐factors could be improved above continued trends, if screening use increased to 70% of the target population, and if the use of chemotherapy increased among all age groups, then a 49% reduction would be possible. Screening drove most (23%) of the projected mortality reduction with these optimistic trends; however, decreasing risk‐factors (16%) and increasing use of chemotherapy (10%) also contributed substantially. The contribution of risk‐factors may have been overestimated, because effect estimates could not be obtained from randomized controlled trials.CONCLUSIONS.Currently available interventions for risk‐factor modification, screening, and treatment have the potential to reduce CRC mortality by almost 50% by the Year 2020. However, without action now to further increase the uptake of current effective interventions, the reduction in CRC mortality may be only 17%. Cancer 2006. © American Cancer Society.
Paget disease of the breast: Changing patterns of incidence, clinical presentation, and treatment in the U.S.
Authors: Chen Chin‐Yau , Sun Li‐Min , Anderson Benjamin O. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractBACKGROUND.Paget disease is an uncommon presentation of breast cancer that increased in incidence in the U.S. between 1973 and 1987. Characterized by malignant crusting or ulceration of the nipple, Paget disease can present in 1 of 3 ways: 1) in conjunction with an underlying invasive cancer, 2) in conjunction with underlying ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), or 3) alone without any underlying invasive breast carcinoma or DCIS. Paget disease can be treated with breast conservation by undergoing central lumpectomy. The objective of this study was to determine how the incidence, presentation, biomarkers, operative approach, and outcome of Paget disease have evolved in the U.S. since 1988.METHODS.Between 1988 and 2002, 1738 women who were diagnosed with Paget disease were reported in the 9 registries of the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program. To the authors' knowledge, the current study on tumor characteristics, surgical intervention, and survival represented the largest series of Paget disease ever reported.RESULTS.Although the overall incidence of breast cancer increased between 1988 and 2002, the incidence of Paget disease concomitantly decreased by 45% (95% confidence interval, from −35% to −53%). This decreasing incidence was greatest for Paget disease associated with invasive cancer or DCIS. Invasive cancer associated with Paget disease more commonly was estrogen receptor negative, progesterone receptor negative, and of high histologic grade. Even when 60% of the disease was located centrally, only 293 of 1642 patients with Paget disease (18%) who were treated surgically underwent central lumpectomy. Patients with Paget disease who underwent breast conservation had outcomes equivalent to the outcomes among patients who underwent mastectomy.CONCLUSIONS.The incidence of Paget disease associated with underlying invasive cancer or DCIS decreased since 1988. Patients who underwent central lumpectomy and patients who underwent mastectomy for Paget disease had similar outcomes; nonetheless, most patients who were candidates for preservation underwent mastectomy. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
Pelvic plexus contributes ganglion cells to the hindgut enteric nervous system
Authors: Nagy Nandor , Brewer Katherine C. , Mwizerwa Olive , Goldstein Allan M. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe hindgut enteric nervous system (ENS) contains cells originating from vagal and sacral neural crest. In avians, the sacral crest gives rise to the nerve of Remak (NoR) and pelvic plexus. Whereas the NoR has been suggested to serve as the source of sacral crest‐derived cells to the gut, the contribution of the pelvic ganglia is unknown. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that the pelvic ganglia contribute ganglion cells to the hindgut ENS. We observed that the quail pelvic plexus develops from neural crest‐derived cells that aggregate around the cloaca at embryonic day 5. Using chick–quail tissue recombinations, we found that hindgut grafts did not contain enteric ganglia unless the pelvic plexus was included. Neurofibers extended from the NoR into the intestine, but no ganglion cell contribution from the NoR was identified. These results demonstrate that the pelvic plexus, and not the NoR, serves as the staging area for sacral crest‐derived cells to enter the avian hindgut, confirming the evolutionary conservation of this important embryologic process. Developmental Dynamics 236:73–83, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A new role for CCR5 in innate immunity – binding to bacterial heat shock protein 70
Authors: Mackay Charles R. , Sallusto Federica 
Published: August 2006

AbstractCCR5 has been associated with adaptive immune responses, because of its expression on effector and memory T cells, and dentric cells. In this issue of the European Journal of Immunology, Whittall et al. identify CCR5 as a receptor that binds bacterial heat shock protein 70 (HSP70). Thus HSP70 may stimulate responses by CCR5+ T cells or dendritic cells, particularly at epithelial surfaces. These findings imply a role for CCR5 in innate immunity, in addition to its more established role as a chemoattractant receptor for adaptive immune responses.See accompanying article http:dx.doi.org/10.1002/eji.200635953
Vanadium (IV and V) Complexes of Reduced Schiff Bases Derived from the Reaction of Aromatic o‐Hydroxyaldehydes and Diamines Containing Carboxyl Groups
Authors: Costa Pessoa João , Marcão Susana , Correia Isabel , Gonçalves Gisela , Dörnyei Agnes , Kiss Tamás , Jakusch Tamás , Tomaz Isabel , Castro M. Margarida C. A. , Geraldes Carlos F. G. C. , Avecilla Fernando 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe reduced Schiff bases of salicylaldehyde [and o‐vanillin (o‐van)] with D,L‐ and L‐diaminopropionic acid (DPA), designated by salDPA, and L‐2,4‐diaminopentanoic acid [ornithine (Orn)], designated by salOrn, as well as the VIVO2+ and VVO2+ complexes of salDPA were prepared. The compounds were characterised in the solid state and in solution. The structure of H4salDPA+Cl– was determined by X‐ray diffraction. Complexation of VIVO2+ and VVO2+ with salDPA and salOrn (only the VIVO system) in aqueous solution was studied by potentiometry, UV/Visible spectroscopy and circular dichroism, as well as by EPR spectroscopy for the VIVO–salDPA system and by 1H‐ and 51V NMR spectroscopy for the VVO2–salDPA system. Stoichiometries and complex formation constants were determined by potentiometry at 25 °C and I = 0.2 M KCl. Practically only 1:1 complexes were formed in both systems with composition (VO)LH2 and(VO)L in the VIVO–salDPA system, and with composition(VO2)LH and (VO2)L in the VVO2–salDPA system. Spectroscopic data provided information about the most probable binding modes of each stoichiometry. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Thermal Diels–Alder Reactions of 3‐(Benzoylamino)‐6‐(polyfluoroalkyl)pyran‐2‐ones – New Synthesis of p‐(Polyfluoroalkyl)anilines
Authors: Tolmachova Nataliya A. , Gerus Igor I. , Vdovenko Sergey I. , Essers Michael , Fröhlich Roland , Haufe Günter 
Published: August 2006

AbstractA new practical method for the regioselective synthesis of the N‐benzoyl‐4‐(polyfluoroalkyl)anilines 5a–g by thermal Diels–Alder cycloaddition of 5‐substituted 3‐(benzoylamino)‐6‐(polyfluoroalkyl)pyran‐2‐ones 1a–e with fluorostyrenes 2 and 7, acetylenes 8a–c or vinyl ethers 10 and 13a and 13b is described. In the case of the reactions of pyrone 1a with cyclic vinyl ethers 13a and 13b, the dihydrobenzenes 14a and 14b were obtained. Free 4‐(polyfluoroalkyl)anilines 16a–c were smoothly formed in good yields by DBU‐assisted benzoyl deprotection. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)