bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dauerhaftigkeitspotentiale selbstverdichtender Betone
Authors: Lowke Dirk , Schmidt Karl , Schießl Peter , Heinz Detlef 
Published: April 2008

AbstractMit der Verwendung selbstverdichtender Betone sind aufgrund seiner außergewöhnlichen Frischbetoneigenschaften zahlreiche technologische und wirtschaftliche Vorteile verbunden. Für den Planer stellt sich jedoch die Frage, ob es durch die besondere Betonzusammensetzung zu einer Beeinflussung der Dauerhaftigkeitseigenschaften kommt. Im Rahmen von Untersuchungen am Centrum Baustoffe und Materialprüfung (cbm) der TU München sollte daher das Dauerhaftigkeitspotential selbstverdichtender Betone aufgezeigt werden. In einer ersten Versuchsreihe wurde der Frage nachgegangen, inwieweit sich der Mehlkorngehalt und die bei selbstverdichtenden Betonen oft notwendige Verwendung von stabilisierenden Zusatzmitteln auf die Dauerhaftigkeitseigenschaften auswirken. Weiterhin wurde untersucht, wie die betontechnologischen Besonderheiten die Empfindlichkeit der selbstverdichtenden Betone gegenüber einer schädigenden Alkalireaktion beeinflussen. In diesem Zusammenhang wurde zudem geklärt, ob durch die Verwendung von Flugasche, als puzzolanischer Betonzusatzstoff, einer schädigenden Alkalireaktion bei Verwendung reaktiver Gesteinskörnungen entgegengewirkt werden kann.
Innenwannen aus Beton als nachträgliche Abdichtung vernässter Keller im drückenden Grundwasser
Authors: Hohmann Rainer , Tetz Christoph , Dahmen Heinz‐Peter 
Published: April 2008

AbstractBundesweit hat die Vernässung von Gebäuden in den letzten Jahren deutlich zugenommen. Gleichzeitig aber möchten Hausbesitzer Keller häufig hochwertiger nutzen als früher. Damit stellt sich die Frage nach geeigneten Sanierungsmethoden. Eine Möglichkeit der Sanierung ist die nachträgliche Erstellung einer druckwasserhaltenden Innenwanne aus Beton. Hierbei handelt es sich um eine hochwertige Maßanfertigung, die auf die objektspezifischen Randbedingungen abgestimmt sein muss und hohe Anforderungen an die Planung und die Ausführung stellt. Der Beitrag zeigt an ausgewählten Beispielen, wie vernässte Kellerräume durch die nachträgliche Erstellung einer druckwasserhaltenden Innenwanne aus Beton ertüchtigt wurden.
Wholly endovascular repair of thoracoabdominal aneurysm
Authors: Gilling-Smith G L , McWilliams R G , Scurr J R H , Brennan J A , Fisher R K , Harris P L , Vallabhaneni S R 
Published: April 2008

Abstract

Background
The aim was to evaluate a wholly endovascular approach to the repair of thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm (TAAA).

Methods
Six patients (median age 71 years) underwent wholly endovascular repair of TAAA (maximum diameter 56–85 mm) employing individually customized endografts. Procedures were performed under general anaesthesia, with spinal drainage in five patients. Patients were followed by serial computed tomography, plain radiography and duplex imaging for a median of 17 (range 8–44) months.

Results
All grafts were deployed as intended, with preservation of all target vessels. There were no postoperative deaths, strokes or paraplegia. One patient suffered a silent myocardial infarction. In two patients a persistent paraostial endoleak was treated by further balloon dilatation of the stent within the endograft fenestration. Imaging before discharge confirmed aneurysm exclusion in all patients. Two patients required late secondary intervention to abolish endoleaks due to side-branch disconnection. One patient suffered late occlusion of the coeliac axis without clinical sequelae, and late occlusion of a solitary renal artery in another resulted in dependence on dialysis. There have been no late deaths and all aneurysms remain excluded.

Conclusion
Wholly endovascular TAAA repair is relatively safe, but long-term follow-up is required to establish its durability.
A systematic review of topical negative pressure therapy for acute and chronic wounds
Authors: Ubbink D T , Westerbos S J , Nelson E A , Vermeulen H 
Published: April 2008

Abstract

Background
Topical negative pressure (TNP) therapy is becoming increasingly popular for all kinds of wounds. Its clinical and cost effectiveness is unclear.

Methods
A search of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on TNP in adult patients with all kinds of wounds in all settings was undertaken in Medline, Embase, Cinahl (to October 2007) and the Cochrane Library (to issue 4, 2007). Information was also sought from manufacturer of the VAC® device. Selection of trials for analysis, quality assessment, data abstraction and data synthesis were conducted by two authors independently. The primary endpoint was any measure of wound healing. Secondary endpoints were infection, pain, quality of life, oedema, microcirculation, bacterial load, adverse events, duration of hospital stay and cost.

Results
The search identified 15 publications on 13 RCTs. These reported on patients with chronic wounds, diabetic wounds, pressure ulcers, skin grafts and acute wounds. In chronic and diabetic wounds, TNP did not allow earlier complete wound healing. It was, however, associated with a 1–10 day reduction in the time needed to prepare the wound for secondary closure surgery. In one trial on acute wounds, 17 (95 per cent confidence interval (c.i.) 0·02 to 0·32) per cent more wounds appeared to heal with TNP; the number needed to treat was six. This was, however, at the cost of an 11 (95 per cent c.i. 0·01 to 0·21) per cent higher complication rate; the number needed to harm was nine.

Conclusion
There is little evidence to support the use of TNP in the treatment of wounds.
Multivariate curve resolution of mixed bacterial DNA sequence spectra: identification and quantification of bacteria in undefined mixture samples
Authors: Zimonja M. , Rudi K. , Trosvik P. , Næs T. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractA comprehensive understanding of factors that influence microbial competition and cooperation, their diversity and processes will be greatly beneficial in many research areas. Current tools for microflora determinations are far from suitable for high‐throughput monitoring of development in complex microbial communities. Here, we describe the application of a calibration free method, multivariate curve resolution with alternating least squares (MCR‐ALS), for identification and quantification of different microbes in mixture samples. The idea is to utilize MCR‐ALS to enable close monitoring of ecology in a variety of microbial communities. The data from two designed experiments consisting of DNA sequence spectra measured on mixtures were analysed with MCR‐ALS using no prior information on the data except for appropriate constraints, such as non‐negativity and closure. The results were compared both to the known true concentrations as well as to the results obtained from the well‐established multivariate calibration method partial least squares (PLS) regression. MCR‐ALS performed as well as PLS regression, successfully extracting all pure bacterial spectra and quantitative information on these, with 97.81% and 97.91% explained variance for the first and the second data set, respectively. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Robust partial least squares regression—part III, outlier analysis and application studies
Authors: Kruger Uwe , Zhou Yan , Wang Xun , Rooney David , Thompson Jillian 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThis paper is the third part of the work on robust partial least squares (RPLS) regression. The paper focuses on implementation issues for outlier detection and diagnosis. Furthermore, the paper introduces a numerically more efficient algorithm for determining the Stahel–Donoho estimator (SDE). This has been identified as a potential drawback of the new proposed RPLS algorithm, detailed in Part II of this work. Finally, a total of three application studies are presented which involve data recorded from (i) a calibration experiment (similar number of variables/observations), (ii) a distillation process for purifying benzene (considerably more observations than variables) and (iii) an experiment of a multi‐component concentration determination using Raman spectroscopy (considerably more variables than observations). Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A pilot case series using qualitative and quantitative methods: Biological, psychological and social outcome in severe and enduring eating disorder (anorexia nervosa)
Authors: Arkell James , Robinson Paul 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjective:We explore the level of disability and quality of life in participants with severe and enduring eating disorder (anorexia nervosa).Method:We use qualitative and quantitative methods to assess in detail eleven participants with a 10‐year history of anorexia nervosa. Outcomes for quality of life are compared with those of a sample of primary care patients with moderate–severe depression. Outcomes for living skills are compared with a standardized community sample of patients with schizophrenia.Results:Despite scoring highly for communication skills and levels of responsibility, participants were as impaired as the sample of patients with schizophrenia for self‐care and social contact. Participants were severely depressed and scores for quality of life mirrored those of the primary care population. Qualitative data illustrate intrapersonal and interpersonal avoidance leading to self‐neglect and social isolation despite social skills.Conclusion:Quality of life and living skills are as impaired as those of other severe and enduring mental illnesses. © 2008 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2008
Two (3,10)‐Connected 2D Networks Based on Pentanuclear Metal Clusters as Building Blocks
Authors: Xiao Dongrong , Yuan Ruo , Chai Yaqin , Wang Enbo 
Published: April 2008

AbstractSelf‐assembly of a long, V‐shaped 4,4′‐sulfonyldibenzoato (sdba) ligand and metal salts in the presence of a heterocyclic aromatic ligand affords two (3,10)‐connected 2D networks: [Cd5(μ3‐OH)2(sdba)4(2,2′‐bpy)2(H2O)2]·2H2O (1) and [Mn5(μ3‐OH)2(sdba)4(2,2′‐bpy)2(H2O)2]·H2O (2) (2,2′‐bpy = 2,2′‐bipyridine). Their structures were determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis, and they were further characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, and TG analysis. Compounds 1 and 2 are isostructural and represent the highest connected topology presently known for 2D nets. More interestingly, when the strong hydrogen bonds between layers are taken into account, the resulting netbecomes a (3,12)‐connected 3D network with complex(32.4)2(38.422.524.610.72) topology, which possesses the highest observed connectivity (twelve connectivity) known to date. The magnetic properties of compound 2 have been studied by measuring its magnetic susceptibility in the temperature range 2–300 K. The results indicate the existence of antiferromagnetic coupling within the pentanuclear manganese cluster. Furthermore, the luminescent properties of 1 are discussed.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Synthesis of Bifunctional Integrin‐Binding Peptides Containing PEG Spacers of Defined Length for Non‐Viral Gene Delivery
Authors: Pilkington‐Miksa Michael A. , Sarkar Supti , Writer Michele J. , Barker Susie E. , Shamlou Parviz Ayazi , Hart Stephen L. , Hailes Helen C. , Tabor Alethea B. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractImproving the buffer and serum stability of non‐viral gene delivery vectors, and increasing their circulation time in vivo, is an important focus of current research in gene therapy. The most successful strategies to date have involved shielding the complexes with large polydisperse PEG adducts. However, this approach is accompanied by a fall in transfection efficiency. In this paper we describe the solid‐phase synthesis of a series of bifunctional peptides bearing short PEG spacers of defined structure as components of lipopolyplex gene delivery vectors. Short, high‐yielding routes to a series of PEG‐amino acids are described: these PEG‐amino acids can be used in varying combinations to afford bifunctional peptides with varying lengths of PEG spacers by using standard solid‐phase synthesis techniques. A series of lipopolyplexes were formulated using these bifunctional peptides, and their transfection properties assessed. Dynamic light scattering measurements on the complex with the best transfection properties showed that in phosphate‐buffered saline this complex was considerably more stable, and aggregated more slowly, than a complex formulated using a similar peptide lacking the short PEG spacer.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Synthesis, X‐ray Crystal Structures, and Solid‐State Fluorescence Properties of 5,5‐Dialkyl‐9‐dibutylamino‐5H‐benzo[b]naphtho[1,2‐d]furan‐6‐one and 3,3‐Dialkyl‐9‐dibutylamino‐3H‐benzo[kl]xanthen‐2‐one
Authors: Ooyama Yousuke , Hayashi Akiko , Okamoto Tomohiro , Egawa Haruka , Mamura Toshiki , Yoshida Katsuhira 
Published: April 2008

AbstractHeterocyclic fluorophores 5,5‐dibutyl‐9‐dibutylamino‐5H‐benzo[b]naphtho[1,2‐d]furan‐6‐one (4) and 3,3‐dibutyl‐9‐dibutylamino‐3H‐benzo[kl]xanthen‐2‐one (7) with dialkyl substituents linked in a nonconjugated fashion to the chromophore skeleton have been derived from quinol‐type compounds 1 and 2, and their photophysical properties were investigated in solution and in the solid state. Fluorophores 4 and 7 exhibit strong fluorescence intensity in the solid‐state relative to that of quinols 1 and 2; however, 1 and 4 or 2 and 7 exhibit similar fluorescence intensities in solution. To elucidate the dramatic effect of the dialkyl substituent on the solid‐state fluorescence excitation and emission spectra, we performed semiempirical molecular orbital calculations (AM1 and INDO/S) and X‐ray crystallographic analysis. On the basis of the results of the calculations and the X‐ray crystal structures, the relation between the solid‐state photophysical properties and the chemical and crystal structures of 4 and 7 were discussed. It was confirmed that introduction of bulky dialkyl substituents to the fluorophore skeleton can efficiently prevent the short π–π contact between the fluorophores in molecular aggregation states and cause a dramatic solid‐state fluorescence enhancement. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Preparation of Alkyl and Aryl Chlorodifluoromethyl Ethers Using BrF3
Authors: Hagooly Youlia , Sasson Revital , Welch Michael J. , Rozen Shlomo 
Published: April 2008

AbstractBoth alkyl and aryl chlorothioformates could readily be obtained from the corresponding alcohols and thiophosgene. These families of compounds were treated with BrF3 to form the corresponding alkyl and aryl chlorodifluoromethyl ethers in 60–85 % yields. The method is suitable for constructing a variety of aliphatic as well as electron‐deficient aromatic chlorodifluoromethyl ethers. The reactions proceed under mild conditions and short reaction times. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
The family of fundamental social categories includes kinship: evidence from the memory confusion paradigm
Authors: Lieberman Debra , Oum Robert , Kurzban Robert 
Published: April 2008

AbstractKinship is a fundamental component of human sociality influencing a range of behaviors including altruism, aggression, and mating. Though a central focus in psychology's neighboring disciplines, kinship has been largely neglected within psychology. An illustrative example – and the focus here – is research on social categorization. Researchers investigating the categories into which our mind carves the social world have focused primarily on sex, age, and race. Here we present evidence that kinship belongs in the family of fundamental social categories. In a series of experiments using a memory confusion paradigm, we show that participants implicitly encode the kinship relations of social targets and do so to the same extent as sex and age, two previously established robust dimensions of social categorization. The functional framework applied here provides useful guide‐rails for investigating how the human mind naturally parses the social world, and, more broadly, helps unite psychology with its neighboring disciplines in which kinship is treated as an important conceptual tool. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A novel strategy for avian species identification by cytochromebgene
Authors: Lee James Chun‐I , Tsai Li‐Chin , Huang Mei‐Tzu , Jhuang Jhe‐An , Yao Cheng‐Te , Chin Shih‐Chien , Wang Lih‐Chiann , Linacre Adrian , Hsieh Hsing‐Mei 
Published: April 2008

AbstractWe report a DNA‐based test that can be applied to any avian species so that the amplicon can be used in species identification. The need for the test arose from the requirement to enforce the Wildlife Conservation Act in Taiwan where over 150 avian species are protected. It is difficult to enforce the law if no gross morphology is present and hence there is a requirement to develop a DNA test. This study uses a novel strategy for avian species identification by the cytochromebgene where a series of primer pairs producing amplicons of decreasing size was designed. The test is designed to produce the largest possible amplicon based upon the quality of the DNA in the sample. A total of 331 avian samples were tested representing 40 species. Sequencing of the amplicons revealed limited intraspecies variation and that no DNA sequence was shared by samples from two different avian species. The closest genetic distance among the 40 species was 0.059 which was betweenLonchura punctulataandEstrilda melpodabased upon data from the smallest amplicon. A DNA databank including 138 sequence types from 331 samples tested, representing 40 different species, was constructed in this study. A blind test was used to determine the value for this system for forensic applications that successfully identified the species.
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma—Review of the molecular mechanisms of tumorigenesis
Authors: Chou Josephine , Lin Yu‐Ching , Kim Jae , You Liang , Xu Zhidong , He Biao , Jablons David M. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractNasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a head and neck cancer rare throughout most of the world but common in certain geographic areas, such as southern Asia. While environmental factors and genetic susceptibility play important roles in NPC pathogenesis, the Epstein–Barr virus in particular has been implicated in the molecular abnormalities leading to NPC. There is upregulation of cellular proliferation pathways such as the Akt pathway, mitogen‐activated protein kinases, and the Wnt pathway. Cell adhesion is compromised due to abnormal E‐cadherin and β‐catenin function. Aberrations in cell cycle are due to dysregulation of factors such as p16, cyclin D1, and cyclin E. Anti‐apoptotic mechanisms are also upregulated. There are multiple abnormalities unique to NPC that are potential targets for novel treatments. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2008
Hypopituitarism after radiotherapy for extracranial head and neck cancers
Authors: Bhandare Niranjan , Kennedy Laurence , Malyapa Robert S. , Morris Christopher G. , Mendenhall William M. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to investigate the incidence of radiotherapy‐induced primary and secondary hypopituitarism.MethodsThree hundred twelve patients treated with radiotherapy for extracranial head and neck tumors between 1964 and 2000 were evaluated. Radiotherapy doses to the hypothalamus and pituitary were estimated by reconstructing treatment plans.ResultsClinical hypopituitarism was observed in 44 (14.1%) patients after a median interval of 5.6 years. Hypothalamic dysfunction was reported in 14 patients after a median interval of 4.4 years. Neither fractionation nor adjuvant chemotherapy significantly impacted clinical hypopituitarism on multivariate analysis, but total dose to the pituitary was significant (p= .0228). Twenty‐three of 68 (33.8%) patients tested for hypopituitarism demonstrated subclinical hypopituitarism. The 5‐ and 10‐year rates of freedom from clinical hypopituitarism were 93% and 72%. The 5‐ and 10‐year rates of freedom from subclinical hypopituitarism were 85% and 65%.ConclusionClinical and subclinical manifestations of late radiation toxicity were observed in the hypothalamic‐pituitary axis. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2008
Retroesophageal subclavian artery—Esophageal fistula: A rare complication of a salivary bypass tube
Authors: Inman Jared C. , Kim Paul , McHugh Richard 
Published: April 2008

AbstractSalivary bypass tubes have been used with great success in preventing neck wound contamination from saliva and decreasing the risk of pharyngoesophageal stenosis. However, complications from esophageal tubes and risk factors for these complications should not be overlooked. Complications can be fatal, as demonstrated in this case of esophageal‐subclavian artery fistulization. Retroesophageal subclavian artery (RRESA) is 1 of the most common anatomical variations of the aortic system. Typically producing no symptoms, its discovery is usually coincidental. However, under the right circumstances, this artery can form a fistulous tract. This occurrence has also been documented in cases of long‐term nasogastric tube placement and incorrect use of “esophageal” stents. This unique case describes a 62‐year‐old man who suffered an arterioesophageal fistula during use of a Montgomery salivary bypass tube (MSBT)—a frequently used and exceptionally safe management tool in patients with head and neck cancer. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2008
Absence of systems consolidation of fear memories after dorsal, ventral, or complete hippocampal damage
Authors: Sutherland Robert J. , O'Brien Jamus , Lehmann Hugo 
Published: April 2008

AbstractWe examined the effects of dorsal, ventral, or complete damage to the hippocampus on long‐term retention of a Pavlovian conditioned fear response to a tone and a context paired with foot shock. Rats received a fear conditioning episode, in which a tone and context or context‐alone were paired with foot shock. Two days or 12 weeks later, they received sham, dorsal, ventral, or complete NMDA‐induced damage of the hippocampus. During a retention test conducted 2 weeks after surgery, the sham control rats exhibited high levels of freezing in the context and in the presence of the tone. Rats with dorsal, ventral, or complete hippocampal damage displayed very little freezing in the context at either learning‐surgery intervals. Partial hippocampal damage tended to cause a smaller but consistent deficit in conditioned responding to context at the shorter (2 day) learning‐surgery interval. Rats with hippocampal damage did not display less severe retrograde amnesia for more remote (12 weeks) memories. A similar pattern of results was observed for freezing to the tone. We find that the severity of retrograde amnesia for fear conditioning is related to the extent of the damage and that there is consistent and severe retrograde amnesia for remote contextual and cued fear memories. These findings support the idea that the hippocampal formation plays an essential and possibly permanent role in fear memories. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.