bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Novel Deep Learning Model with Optimized Sparrow Search for Efficient Plant Stress Identification
Authors: Kaur Manjit , kaur Upinder , Khalaf Osamah Ibrahim , Algburi Sameer , Hamam Habib 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In the current economic climate, one of the biggest problems facing the agriculture industry is the accurate and real-timeidentification of biotic and abiotic plant stressors that impact crop yield. The upshot is that illness detection models can’t handlethe pressures of practical, real-time use. By stressing the significance of adapting deep learning models to the intricacies ofdisease-specific datasets, our research presented a fresh approach to solving this critical problem. We provide a novel hybridsparrow search method that can optimise deep convolutional neural network hyperparameters (CNNs). Consequently, themethod for detecting plant stress has become more accurate and precise. An unprecedented leap in model performance isachieved by DeepHSSA, which merges the exploratory dynamics of Sparrow Search with the adaptive procedures of Searchand Rescue Optimization. The robustness of DeepHSSA was evaluated in response to dynamic, real-time field circumstancesacross diverse agricultural landscapes in India using a comprehensive dataset consisting of seven abiotic stress indicators andseven biotic stress indicators. In comparison to more conventional models, DeepHSSA achieved an impressive accuracy rateof 99.94 percent.
Investigating the role of NF-Y transcription factors in the response to abiotic stresses between Vitis vinifera and Vitis amurensis
Authors: Lu Shixiong , Zhou Xueting , Huang Xu , Zeng Baozheng , Gou Huiming , Ma Weifeng , Ma Zonghuan , Mao Juan , Chen Bai-Hong 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Nuclear factor Y transcription factors (TFs) play a crucial role in the response of plants to abiotic stresses. However, there is a lack of research on the comparative analysis of evolutionary relationship, real-time quantitative fluorescence PCR (RT-qPCR), and TFs functions of NF-Y TFs between Vitis vinifera (V. vinifera) and Vitis amurensis (V. amurensis). In this study, a total of 27 and 26 NF-Y TFs were identified in V. vinifera and V. amurensis, respectively, and were divided into 3 subgroups. Subcellular localization prediction revealed that the NF-Ys TFs were mainly located in the nucleus. Interestingly, the conserved five motif analysis showed that the NF-YB protein sequences were more conserved, whereas the amino acid sequences of NF-YA and NF-YC showed varying degrees of loss and gain in both species. Thus, these sequences may be closely related to the functions performed by grapevine. RT-qPCR analysis of ‘Pinot Noir’ and ‘Zuoyouhong’ plantlets demonstrated that the expression levels of VaNF-YA6, VaNF-YB5, VvNF-YA3, VvNF-YA5, and VvNF-YC2 were significantly upregulated under 400 mmol·L-1 NaCl and 10% PEG treatments. Consistently, subcellular localization showed that the VaNF-YA6-GFP fusion protein was functioned primarily in the nucleus. Overexpression of VaNF-YA6 in Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis) can significantly enhance the tolerance to salt and drought stresses by activating antioxidant enzyme activities in Arabidopsis.
Optimizing Multi-Spectral Ore Sorting: Incorporating Wavelength Selection Utilizing Neighborhood Component Analysis for Effective Arsenic Mineral Detection
Authors: Okada Natsuo , Nozaki Hiromasa , Nakamura Shinichiro , Manjate Elsa , Gebretsadik Angesom , Ohtomo Yoko , Arima Takahiko , Kawamura Youhei 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Arsenic contamination not only complicates mineral processing but also poses environmental and health risks. To address these challenges, this research investigates the feasibility of utilizing Hyperspectral (HS) imaging combined with machine learning techniques for the identification of arsenic-containing minerals in copper ore samples, with a focus on practical application in sorting and processing operations. Through experimentation with various copper sulfide ores, Neighborhood Component Analysis (NCA) was employed to select essential wavelength bands from Hyperspectral data, subsequently used as inputs for machine learning algorithms to identify arsenic concentrations. Results demonstrate that by selecting a subset of informative bands using NCA, accurate mineral identification can be achieved with a significantly reduced the size of dataset, enabling efficient processing and analysis. Comparison with other band selection methods highlights the superiority of NCA in optimizing classification accuracy. Specifically, the identification accuracy exceeded 90% when utilizing 8 or more bands selected by NCA and was comparable to hyperspectral data analysis with 204 bands. The findings suggest potential for cost-effective implementation of multispectral cameras in mineral processing operations. Future research directions include refining machine learning algorithms, exploring broader applications across diverse ore types, and integrating hyperspectral imaging with emerging sensor technologies for enhanced mineral processing capabilities.
Physical Applications of the Bicomplex Fractional Laplace Transform: A Perception
Authors: Thirumalai A. , Muthunagai K. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

The field of quaternions is an extension of the field of complex numbers. Quaternions do not satisfy commutativity. In the process of overcoming this drawback of non-commutativity, the system of bicomplex numbers, which is also a four-dimensional algebra that preserves commutativity, came into existence. Fractional calculus unifies and generalizes integer-order differentiation and integration. Theoretical knowledge of any concept is helpful in knowing the techniques and reasoning. But it is only the application that gives us insight into it. In this article, we have applied the bicomplex fractional Laplace transform to the differential equations that arise in electric circuits, nuclear physics, population growth, and heat equations. We have established relationships between beta and gamma functions, bicomplex fractional Laplace transforms, and Bessel’s functions. We have also used the relationship between beta and gamma functions to solve the differential equation governing the blood alcohol level.
Therapeutic Path of Brazilians with spinal cord injury until rehabilitation
Authors: Faleiros Fabiana , Corbo Leticia Noelle , Greve Julia Maria D’Andrea , Henriques Silvia Helena , Tholl Adriana Dutra , Machado Wiliam César Alves , Tate Denise Galuf 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The start of rehabilitation directly affects the effectiveness of treatment. This is a quantitative, exploratory, analytical, and cross-sectional study. The sample consisted of 618 Brazilian adults with spinal cord injury (SCI) enrolled in the NeuroRehab research group. Participants were predominantly male (68.90%), with a mean age of 38.04 years (SD=9.85), from the Southeast region of Brazil (62.60%), with higher education (49.50%), receiving social security benefits (63.60%), and with a monthly income of up to 3 minimum wages (55.10%). The main cause of SCI was traffic accident (40.80%) and 58.70% of the participants had paraplegia. Moreover, 19.40% of participants had not undergone any rehabilitation and the mean time to start of rehabilitation after SCI was 17.68 months (SD=38.80). Participants with the highest level of education were 4.30 times more likely to undergo rehabilitation. The results suggest that those who were more educated and with higher income also had greater access to rehabilitation programs and sought these programs earlier. In contrast, those with less resources had fewer opportunities for rehabilitation. The optimization of referral systems in the health care network, outreach programs, and a greater supply of rehabilitation centers can increase access to rehabilitation among people with SCI.
Comparison of Complications and Long-term Permanent Stoma Rate in Robot-Assisted versus Laparoscopic Low Anterior Resection: A Propensity Score Matched Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Hsu Hsin , You Jeng-Fu , Liao Chun-Kai , Tsai Tzong-yun , Tsai Wen-Sy , Lai Cheng-Chou , Hsieh Pao-Shiu , Yeh Chien-Yuh , Huang Shu-Huan 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Aims
While some research points to the short-term advantages of robot-assisted low anterior resection (LAR) for mid-to-low rectal cancer, a detailed focus on outcomes like permanent stoma remains scant.
Methods
We conducted a retrospective analysis on a continuous series of non-metastatic mid-to-low rectal cancer patients. Between 2016 and 2020, these patients underwent either robot-assisted or traditional laparoscopic LAR at a singular center. We used a propensity score matching technique, and the participants were matched in a 1:2 ratio.
Results
Post-matching, our cohort consisted of 44 patients from the robot-assisted LAR group and 88 from the laparoscopic LAR group. The long-term results, such as overall survival, cancer-free survival, and local and distant recurrence rates, exhibited no significant differences between the two groups. However, the robot-assisted group exhibited a notably shorter average post-surgery hospitalization (10.8 vs. 16.7 days, p = 0.001), reduced incidence of anastomotic leakage (11.4% vs. 37.5%, p < 0.001), fewer patients requiring a permanent stoma (13.6% vs. 29.5% p = 0.044), and significantly lower occurrences of grade III Clavien Dindo Surgical Complications. The utilization of 3D laparoscopy was unanimous in the robot-assisted group (100% use) compared to just 40.9% in the laparoscopic group. Furthermore, the robot-assisted procedures had a diminished frequency of firing three or more staplers (2.3% vs. 26.1%, p = 0.001). A multivariate logistic regression indicated that robot-assisted LAR is independently associated with a reduced risk of permanent stoma (OR: 0.28, p = 0.033, 95% CI 0.087–0.901).
Conclusion
In patients with mid-to-low rectal cancer, robot-assisted LAR, despite comparable long-term survival and recurrence rates, displayed reduced complications, including fewer instances of anastomotic leakage and permanent stoma requirements than its laparoscopic counterpart. These findings imply the potential superiority of robot-assisted surgical techniques for mid-to-low rectal patients.
Aircraft Trajectory Prediction and Time Estimation adapting Social-LSTM
Authors: Polewczyk Joanna , Schwarze Arne , Govaers Felix 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Globalization contributes to the high expansion of the transport industry. This is particularly evident in air traffic on the smaller airports that lack the costly specialized systems that accommodate nowadays needs of increased travel. One aspect, that needs to be addressed, is a prediction of Time of Arrival and any potential delays and obstacles that may influence the trajectory of the travel. Every minute of the wrong prediction may cause unnecessary expenses and management problems. Unfortunately, despite the availability of aircraft movement information to air traffic control or airlines, it often is not communicated further, leading to unnecessary costs in management and contingency planning. Hence, we propose an algorithm for the aircraft trajectory prediction as well as Time of Arrival based on Social-LSTM (Long short-term memory) approach introduced for the pedestrian traffic prediction~\cite{soomer_scheduling_2008}. In this approach, the motion sequence and arrival time are predicted not only based on historical trajectories, but also considering the trajectories of neighbouring aircraft. Social-LSTM approach extends on LSTM network with an additionally embedded hidden-state tensor, which provide the coordinates of neighbouring aircraft and their trajectories. Our experiment suggests that this approach decreases the dimensionality of data needed to predict the detailed trajectory (weather data and unexpected events data) and gives more accurate prediction compared to normal LSTM approaches, especially for unusual weather conditions or events. Approach was carried with many variants like basic LSTM, GRU (Gated Recurrent Unit) as well as weather data embedded as 4D weather cubes variant.
How Lasers Exploit Photoacoustic and PhotoelectricPhenomena to Inject Signals into MEMS Microphones
Authors: Cyr Benjamin , Sumaria Vedant , Long Yan , Tadigadapa Srinivas , Sugawara Takeshi , Fu Kevin 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
An amplitude-modulated laser can be used to generate false, yet coherent acoustic signals on the outputs of MEMS microphones. While this vulnerability has ramifications on the security of cyber-physical systems that trust these microphones, the physical explanation of this effect remained a mystery. Without an understanding of the physical phenomena contributing to this signal injection, it is difficult to design effective and reliable defenses. In this work, we show the degree to which the mechanisms of thermoelastic bending, thermal diffusion, and photocurrent generation are used to inject signals into MEMS microphones.
We provide models for each of these mechanisms, develop a procedure to empirically determine their relative contributions, and highlight the effects on eight commercial MEMS microphones. We accomplish this with a precise setup to isolate each mechanism using several laser wavelengths and a vacuum chamber. The results indicate that the injected signal on the microphone is dependent on the wavelength of the incoming light, where long wavelengths (such as a 904~nm infrared laser) exploit photoelectric effects on the ASIC, while short wavelengths (such as a 450~nm blue laser) exploit photoacoustic effects on the diaphragm and surrounding air. This understanding leads to recommendations for future laser-resistant microphone designs with improvements to glob top application, reducing the material asymmetries within the MEMS structure, and adding simple light or temperature sensors for injection detection. Based on the fundamental causality, we also suggest potential vulnerabilities within other sensors with similar characteristics to MEMS microphones, such as conventional microphones, ultrasonic sensors, and inertial sensors.
Generation of Arbitrarily Patterned Polarizers Using 2-Photon Polymerization
Authors: Ganazhapa Byron , Pereiro-García Javier , Arregui Xabier Quintana , Geday Morten Andreas , Guadaño Gonzalo , Caño-García Manuel 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Patterned polarizers are prepared using liquid crystals (LC) doped with a black dichroic dye and in combination with a linear polarizer. The pattern is achieved with a nanostructured LC alignment surface, that is generated using a two-photon polymerization direct laser write (2PP-DLW). This technique creates a pattern of high-resolution grooves in the photoresist at any arbitrary angle. The angle governs the LC orientation at any substrate surface point, determining the transmitted light linear polarization angle. This paper presents the first use of a 2PP-DLW cured positive tone photoresist for dichroic dye-doped LC alignment. Two complementary photoresists have been employed: conventional negative tone SU-8 photoresist and, in this context novel, positive tone S1805 photoresist. The alignment quality of the polarizers has been assessed by analyzing the transmission using an additional polarizer. For SU-8, the resulting grayscale pattern and a contrast ratio (CR) of 14 has measured. The uniformity of the alignment has been measured to be 65% using normalized Shannon entropy (H). For S1805, a CR of 37 was measured, and a uniformity of 63% was obtained. 2PP-DLW allows for shaping complex patterns in submicron dimensions and for the fabrication of arbitrarily patterned polarizers and other LC devices.
Design and development of gastro-retentive gel forming system comprising curcumin loaded Nanostructured lipid carrier for stomach specific delivery
Authors: Dhasaiyan Mohankumar , Karuppaiah Arjunan , Rahman Habibur 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This study delved on development of curcumin loaded Nanostructured Lipid carrier (NLC) incorporated into gastro-retentive oral in situ gel for specifically designed to the stomach delivery. Curcumin is less soluble in stomach pH, so a high amount of drug would be required to produce the desired effects. The solubility of curcumin was improved by the NLC. The curcumin loaded NLC was fabricated using a high shear homogenization technique. Through lipid screening, Precirol ATO 5 and Labrafac PG were chosen as a lipids, and tween 80 was selected as a surfactant in this formulation. A formulation (NLC-F4) comprising 2% lipids and 800 mg of surfactant was chosen as the best formulation, average mean particle size was found to be 119.3 ± 0.13 nm, PDI was found to be 0.127 -30 ± 0.17 mV 0.02, zeta potential was found to be -30 ± 0.17 mV and % of encapsulation efficiency were found to be83.4 ± 1.5%. FT-IR investigation showed no interactions. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) revealed smooth and spherical shaped particles, while Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) assessment suggested that curcumin was completely distributed in the NLC. The in vitro drug release of curcumin from NLC-F4 showed 8 times enhanced drug release compared with the pure curcumin in pH 1.2 buffer. In vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory studies revealed significant effects compared to reference standards. Drug release kinetics followed first order release and Weibull kinetics models. The curcumin loaded NLC was fabricated into anoral in situ gel to enhances the gastric retention time and prolong release of drug in the stomach. The system exhibited quick gelation time, optimal viscosity, gastric buoyant density, 24 hours floating time, gastric peristalsis resistant gel strength, and sustained drug release. These investigations revealed that an oral in situ gelling system containing curcumin loaded NLC has potential as a carrier for stomach specific delivery and could serve as an alternative dosage form compared to conventional ones for treating gastric ulcers in patients.
Nanoemulsions and nanocapsules as carriers for the development of intranasal mRNA vaccines
Authors: Borrajo Mireya L. , Lou Gustavo , Anthiya Shubaash , Lapuhs Philipp , Moreira David , Tobío Araceli , Loza Maria Isabel , Vidal Anxo , Alonso Maria 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

The global emergency of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spurred extensive worldwide efforts to develop vaccines for protection against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Our contribution to this global endeavor involved the development of a diverse library of nanocarriers, as alternatives to lipid nanoparticles (LNPs), including nanoemulsions (NEs) and nanocapsules (NCs), with the aim of protecting and delivering messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) for nasal vaccination purposes. A wide range of prototypes underwent rigorous screening through a series of in vitro and in vivo experiments, encompassing assessments of cellular transfection, cytotoxicity, and intramuscular administration of a model mRNA for protein translation. Consequently, we identified two promising candidates for nasal administration. These candidates include an NE incorporating a combination of an ionizable lipid (C12-200) and cationic lipid (DOTAP) for mRNA entrapment, along with DOPE to facilitate endosomal escape. This NE exhibited a size of 120 nm and a highly positive surface charge (+50 mV). Additionally, an NC formulation comprising the same components with a dextran sulfate shell was identified, with a size of 130 nm and a moderate negative surface charge (-16 mV). Upon intranasal administration of mRNA encoding for ovalbumin (mOVA) associated with optimized versions of NEs and NCs, robust antigen-specific CD8+ T cell responses were observed. These findings underscore the potential of NEs and polymeric NCs in advancing mRNA vaccine development for combating infectious diseases.
The impact of tax administration on the socioeconomic development of the state
Authors: Olzhas Nessipbay , Serikova Madina 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This article examines with the help of methods of analysis, systematization, and the generalization of legal information, solutions to the problem of the essence of tax administration are presented, and directions for the activity of tax administration in Kazakhstan are proposed. The article analyzes tax revenues and their impact on the main economic indicators.
Tax administration is one of the main elements of the effective functioning of the tax system and the state economy. The effectiveness of the tax system is understood as the identification of sources of income to tax them and reduce the cost of their mobilization and obligation to pay. The essence of tax administration has not yet been fully disclosed. Many points of view on the definition of tax administration and the existing contradictions in its implementation encourage us to return to this topic.
JEL classification: A14; H20; H21.
Visible Light-Mediated Dearomative Spirocyclization/Imination of Nonactivated Arenes through Energy Transfer Catalysis
Authors: Dinér Peter , Zhou Chao , Stepanova Elena , Shatskiy Andrey , Kärkäs Markus 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Aromatic compounds are one of the most abundant feedstocks in chemical industry, which typically focuses on their functionalization or full reduction. Partial reduction through dearomative sequences has been considerably less explored but would uncover the true potential of aromatic compounds in providing rapid access to complex and higher-value three-dimensional scaffolds. Several dearomative strategies have been established; however, most of these methods either necessitate metal-mediated multistep manipulations or are highly limited in their scope. Herein, an alternative photocatalytic radical cascade approach is disclosed, which exploits dearomative difunctionalization through selective dearomative spirocyclization/imination of nonactivated arenes. Various bifunctional oxime esters and carbonates are utilized in single-step installation of a range of functional groups concomitant with formation of a spiro-center and introduction of an iminyl functionality to furnish dearomatized spiro-imine scaffolds through tandem N–O bond cleavage, hydrogen-atom transfer, radical addition, 5-exo-trig cyclization, and radical cross-coupling sequences. The disclosed methodology allows formation of three or four new chemical bonds, including C−O, C−C, C−N bonds, in a single synthetic step, affording highly decorated three-dimensional structures from readily available starting materials.