bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reassessing the Aftercare Treatment of Individuals Found not Guilty Due to a Mental Disability in Hunan, China: Supplemental Study into the Disposition of Mentally Ill Offenders after Forensic Psychiatric Assessment
Authors: Wang Xiaoping , Zhang Dengke , Jiang Shaoai , Bai Yining , Ellis Cucolo Heather , Perlin Michael L. 
Published: March 2007

Objective: The purpose of the present paper was to examine the disposition of individuals in Hunan, China who are found not criminally responsible due to a mental disorder or defect. Method: Self-developed questionnaires were mailed to the family members of 240 patients who had received forensic psychiatric evaluations at the forensic psychiatric assessment center of Central South University, between 2001 and 2002. Results: One hundred and seventy questionnaires were fully completed and returned by the patients’ family members. According to the answers, 64.1% (109 patients) were found not criminally responsible due to a mental disorder or defect. In 87.6% of the cases, a judgement of guilty was in agreement with the psychiatrist's recommendation concerning criminal responsibility. A total of 61.8% of the patients found not guilty were discharged to their families and did not receive any further psychiatric treatment. Conclusion: In most cases, judicial decisions are consistent with a psychiatrist's opinion of criminal responsibility due to a mental disorder or defect. After such adjudication, further psychiatric treatment is often neglected due to the lack of resources and information. Hunan, China must make a continued investment into the availability and quality of outpatient mental health treatment for forensic patients after they have been discharged.
Contemporary attitudes and their ideological representation in Flanders (Belgium), Poland, and the Ukraine
Authors: Van Hiel Alain , Kossowska Malgorzata 
Published: March 2007

The present research tests the validity of a two‐dimensional cultural and economic right‐wing model of ideology, as well as the relationships between these dimensions and attitudes toward recent political issues. Opinions about environmentalism, war on terror, and European Union enlargement were selected as representative contemporary attitudes. The present research questions were investigated in a Flemish (N = 176), Polish (N = 93), and Ukrainian (N = 93) sample. The results revealed that two dimensions underlie the ideological spectrum in all samples, one referring to cultural conservatism and right‐wing authoritarianism (RWA), and one referring to economic conservatism and social dominance orientation (SDO). Although the validity of differentiating between these ideological dimensions has been amply illustrated in studies on Western samples, the replication of these dimensions in former communist countries add to their validity and generality, because these countries have a specific political culture and history. However, important cross‐cultural differences with respect to the representation of the contemporary attitudes in this two‐dimensional ideological space were obtained as well. Whereas the war on terror attitude was meaningfully related to the cultural right‐wing dimension in all samples, the relationships for the environmentalism and EU enlargement attitudes were sample dependent. These cross‐cultural differences were explained in terms of saliency of the issue (nonsignificant versus significant relationships in the case of environmentalism) and pragmatic concerns in terms of profits and costs (in the case of EU enlargement). In the discussion it is also argued that the closer correspondence between the ideological representation of these attitudes in Polish and Western society may be caused by the fact that communism was less successful in penetrating political mentality in Poland than in the Ukraine.
The quality of suggested memories
Authors: Sondhi Vanita , Gupta Ashum 
Published: March 2007

Alarge number of studies have demonstrated that participants could be led to report suggested events that were never witnessed (Loftus & Palmer, 1974). The present study attempts to explore the quality of such suggested memories. Thirty‐six participants were exposed to a live event of brief duration (20 s). They were then misled about certain aspects of the event. Memory was assessed using a forced‐choice recognition test. The participants were also required to give remember/know/guess responses, together with confidence ratings, and also to indicate how they came to remember the item. Thirty‐six per cent of the suggested memories were “know” responses, while 43% were “remember” responses. Moreover, whenever the participants had a remember experience they always recalled a wealth of visual information. With regards to the confidence level of the suggested memories, it was observed that the suggested memories were as confidently held as accurate memories. The results indicate that suggestions may become integrated with other kinds of information and that these falsely remembered memories are often accompanied with varied kinds of information; predominant among them seems to be visual imagery and past associations. For accurate memories, too, visual imagery was recalled the most, followed by other kinds of information (e.g., past associations, emotional, auditory, and inferential). The study points to the difficulties of differentiating between true recollections of actual events and false recollections of events that did not occur.
Revisiting an era in Germany from the perspective of adolescents in mother‐headed single‐parent families
Authors: Sharma Deepali , Silbereisen Rainer K. 
Published: March 2007

Much of the documented work on families headed by single mothers is based on empirical evidence from North America and a few Anglo‐Saxon countries. Many researchers consider single‐mother families to be at a disadvantage because of nonsupportive family policies. This paper uses data from a social context that differed hugely in this respect—the German Democratic Republic (GDR). The GDR provided extensive state support to single‐mother families and, thus, was vastly different from other countries. Based on a literature review and using Hill's family stress theory, this paper is based on the hypothesis that adolescents living in mother‐headed single‐parent families and those living with their biological parents would have near‐similar social outcomes (display of psychosomatic symptoms, perception of stress, display of delinquent behaviour, life satisfaction, academic self‐efficacy, and academic grades) and family‐related outcomes (relationship with parents and perception of family environment). Further, it was hypothesized that adolescents from stepfather families would display more negative social and family‐related outcomes when compared with respondents from the other two family types. The sample comprised 1302 adolescents (M = 13.82 years, SD = 1.88) who were recruited from the city of Leipzig in the year immediately following German unification, 1991. Respondents reported on measures of psychosomatic symptoms, stress, delinquency, life satisfaction, academic achievement, and family‐related variables. ANCOVAs, with a control for income adjusted for household size, indicated adolescents from single‐mother families to have very similar experiences to respondents living with their biological parents on all measures except for their assessment of family environment. Adolescents living in stepfather families reported the least favourable experiences. Results are indicative of a social context in Germany that, despite unification and the early hardships for single‐mother families, still provided these families with more opportunities than constraints.
A three-dimensional laminated paper model of the scaphoid from computed tomography
Authors: Kakizawa H. , Toyota N. , Akiyama Y. , Kijima Y. , Ishida O. , Ito K. 
Published: March 2007

Purpose: To describe a method of producing a life-sized three-dimensional (3D) solid model of a scaphoid bone by combining multidetector-row computed tomography (MDCT) volume data and rapid prototyping technique using thin paper as material, and to evaluate the dimensional accuracy of the experimental model. Material and Methods: We experimentally produced life-sized 3D solid models of 14 cadavers' scaphoid bones using high-resolution MDCT volume data, and evaluated the dimensional accuracy of the 3D solid models. Results: The 3D solid model was almost perfectly produced in both size and shape (length, height, width, dorsal cortical angle, and landmarks of the scaphoid bone) compared to the real cadaver's scaphoid bone. In addition to accuracy, the cost and time for creating the model might be reasonable. Conclusion: This technique may be useful in assisting repair of scaphoid bone fracture.
Living related liver transplantation: preoperative magnetic resonance imaging for assessment of hepatic vasculature of donor candidates
Authors: Streitparth F. , Pech M. , Figolska S. , Denecke T. , Grieser C. , Pascher A. , Jonas S. , Langrehr J. , Ricke J. , Neuhaus P. , Felix R. , Hänninen Lopez E. 
Published: March 2007

Purpose: To evaluate the accuracy of magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) for preoperative assessment of hepatic vascular anatomy in liver donors before living related liver transplantation. Material and Methods: A total of 55 consecutive living liver donors (mean age 42 years, range 18–68 years) underwent multiphase contrast-enhanced MRA of the hepatic vessels. Two readers categorized vessel visualization on a five-point scale and recorded vascular anatomy or variations thereof for the arterial, portal venous and venous systems. All 55 living liver donors subsequently underwent right hemihepatectomy for hemiliver donation, and preoperative MRA results were correlated with surgical findings. Results: Overall vessel visualization assessment demonstrated good or very good ratings for the majority of patients. For hepatic arteries, the mean score was 4.4±0.8 (mean±standard deviation), and for the portal venous and venous systems it was 4.6±0.7 and 4.3±0.8, respectively. Among all 55 donors, 16 (29%) demonstrated accessory or replaced hepatic arteries, and seven (13%) and 20 (36%) donors had surgically relevant portal vein (trifurcation or early right posterolateral branching types) and hepatic vein variations, respectively. Correlation coefficients between MRA and surgery were 0.94, 1.00 and 0.91 for hepatic arteries, portal veins and hepatic veins, respectively. Conclusion: In the preoperative evaluation before living related liver donation, contrast-enhanced MR angiography was a highly accurate, noninvasive tool for visualizing the hepatic vasculature and variations thereof in liver donor candidates.
Technical optimization of four-channel multidetector-row helical computed tomography for depicting arterial stenosis: a phantom study
Authors: Takahashi S. , Takamura M. , Yamamoto S. , Kudo M. , Narumi Y. , Murakami T. , Nakamura H. 
Published: March 2007

Purpose: To determine the effects of detector configuration, as well as vessel orientation, on the depiction accuracy of arterial stenosis using four-channel multidetector-row helical computed tomography (MDCT) angiography in vitro. Material and Methods: Five acrylic vessel phantoms (3 mm in diameter with 25 or 50% stenosis, or 5 mm with 25, 50, or 75% stenosis) were scanned with a four-channel MDCT scanner at five vessel orientations (0, 30, 45, 60, and 90° to the z-axis) using 4×1.25, 2.5, 3.75, and 5.0-mm detector configurations at beam pitches of 0.75 and 1.5. The percentage of stenosis was calculated by the ratio of the full width at half maximum for stenotic and non-stenotic portions of the phantom, and compared to the actual known values. Results: A detector configuration of 4×1.25 mm provided good reproducibility, as well as high accuracy for assessing vessel stenosis, while a 4×2.5-mm or wider detector configuration caused underestimations of stenosis. Although the phantoms perpendicular to the z-axis were underestimated, the errors were kept in clinically acceptable ranges using the 4×1.25-mm detector configuration. Conclusion: Four-channel MDCT accurately discerns stenosis for vessel phantoms of 3 or 5 mm in diameter at any orientation when using a detector configuration of 4×1.25 mm.
Liver embolization with trisacryl gelatin microspheres (embosphere) in patients with neuroendocrine tumors
Authors: Granberg D. , Eriksson L.-G. , Welin S. , Kindmark H. , Janson E. T. , Skogseid B. , Öberg K. , Eriksson B. , Nyman R. 
Published: March 2007

Purpose: To report our experience of liver embolization with trisacryl gelatin microspheres (Embosphere™) in patients with metastatic neuroendocrine tumors. Material and Methods: Fifteen patients underwent selective embolization of the right or left hepatic artery with Embosphere. One lobe was embolized in seven patients and both lobes, on separate occasions, in eight patients. Seven patients had midgut carcinoids, two had lung carcinoids, one suffered from a thymic carcinoid, and five had endocrine pancreatic tumors. Eight patients suffered from endocrine symptoms, seven of whom had carcinoid syndrome and one WDHA (watery diarrhea, hypokalemia, achlorhydria) syndrome. Results: Partial radiological response was seen after eight embolizations (in six different patients), stable disease was observed after 13 embolizations (after three of these, necroses occurred), while radiological progression was noted after only two embolizations. Only two patients experienced a biochemical response. Clinical improvement of carcinoid syndrome was observed after five embolizations. There were no major complications. Fever >38°C was seen after all but four embolizations, and urinary tract infections were diagnosed after eight embolizations. Conclusion: Selective hepatic artery embolization with Embosphere particles is a safe treatment for patients with metastatic neuroendocrine tumors and may lead to partial radiological response as well as symptomatic improvement of disabling endocrine symptoms.
Limited cone-beam computed tomography imaging of the middle ear: a comparison with multislice helical computed tomography
Authors: Peltonen L. I. , Aarnisalo A. A. , Kortesniemi M. K. , Suomalainen A. , Jero J. , Robinson S. 
Published: March 2007

Purpose: To determine the applicability of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) in otological imaging, and to compare its accuracy with the routinely used multislice helical CT (MSCT) for imaging of the middle- and inner-ear areas. Material and Methods: Thirteen unoperated human cadaver temporal bones were imaged with CBCT and MSCT. Sixteen landmarks of the middle and adjacent inner ear were evaluated and compared for their conspicuity according to a modified Likert scale. Total scores and scores for subgroups including landmarks of specific clinical interest were also compared. Results: No significant differences were found between the imaging techniques or subgroups when scores of individual structures were compared. While the middle ear itself was visible in all cases with CBCT, parts of the inner ear were “cut off” in four cases due to the limited field of view. For the same reason, the evaluation of the whole mastoid was not possible with CBCT. The cochlear and vestibular aqueducts were not visualized in either CT techniques. The contrast-to-noise ratio was more than 50% lower in CBCT than in MSCT, but still adequate for diagnostic task. Conclusion: CBCT proved to be at least as accurate as routinely used MSCT in revealing the clinically and surgically important middle-ear structures. The results show that high-quality imaging of the middle ear is possible with the current CBCT device.
Brain magnetic resonance imaging of infants exposed prenatally to buprenorphine
Authors: Kahila H. , Kivitie-Kallio S. , Halmesmäki E. , Valanne L. , Autti T. 
Published: March 2007

Purpose: To evaluate the brains of newborns exposed to buprenorphine prenatally. Material and Methods: Seven neonates followed up antenatally in connection with their mothers' buprenorphine replacement therapy underwent 1.5T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain before the age of 2 months. The infants were born to heavy drug abusers. Four mothers were hepatitis C positive, and all were HIV negative. All mothers smoked tobacco and used benzodiazepines. All pregnancies were full term, and no perinatal asphyxia occurred. All but one neonate had abstinence syndrome and needed morphine replacement therapy. Results: Neither structural abnormalities nor abnormalities in signal intensity were recorded. Conclusion: Buprenorphine replacement therapy does not seem to cause any major structural abnormalities of the brain, and it may prevent known hypoxic-ischemic brain changes resulting from uncontrolled drug abuse. Longitudinal studies are needed to assess possible abnormalities in the brain maturation process.
Diffusion tensor imaging in patients with acute onset of neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus: a prospective study of apparent diffusion coefficient, fractional anisotropy values, and eigenvalues in different regions of the brain
Authors: Hughes M. , Sundgren P. C. , Fan X. , Foerster B. , Nan B. , Welsh R. C. , Williamson J. A. , Attwood J. , Maly P. V. , Chenevert T. L. , McCune W. , Gebarski S. 
Published: March 2007

Purpose: To investigate whether apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), fractional anisotropy (FA), and eigenvalues in neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE) patients differ from those of healthy controls. Material and Methods: Eight NPSLE patients (aged 23–55 years, mean 42.9 years) and 20 healthy age-matched controls (aged 22–59 years, mean 44.4 years) underwent conventional brain magnetic resonance (MR) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). The ADC, FA, principal eigenvalue (λ∥), and the corresponding average perpendicular eigenvalue (λ⊥) ( = (λ2+λ3)/2) were measured in selected regions of normal appearing gray and white matter brain parenchyma. For statistical evaluation of differences between the two groups, a Student's t-test was used. The P value for statistical significance was set to P = 0.0025 after Bonferroni correction for multiple measurements. Results: Significantly increased ADC values were demonstrated in normal-appearing areas in the insular cortex ( P<0.001), thalamus ( P<0.001), and the parietal and frontal white matter ( P<0.001 and P<0.001, respectively) in NPSLE patients. Significantly decreased FA values were demonstrated in normal-appearing thalamus ( P<0.001), corpus callosum ( P = 0.002), and in the parietal and frontal white matter ( P<0.001 and P<0.001, respectively) in NPSLE patients compared to healthy controls. The λ⊥ was significantly higher in several of these regions in NPSLE patients compared to healthy controls. Conclusion: Our study demonstrates alterations in normal-appearing gray and white matter brain parenchyma of patients with NPSLE by means of abnormal ADC, FA, and eigenvalues. These alterations may be based on loss of tissue integrity in part due to demyelination. It is possible that DTI in the future could assist in the diagnosis of NPSLE and possibly help to further elucidate the pathogenesis of NPSLE.
Chronic hepatosplenic schistosomiasis mansoni: magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance angiography findings
Authors: Bezerra A. S. A. , D'Ippolito G. , Caldana R. P. , Cecin A. O. , Ahmed M. , Szejnfeld J. 
Published: March 2007

Purpose: To evaluate the hepatosplenic manifestations and the portal venous system in patients with chronic infection by Schistosoma mansoni. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was performed in 28 patients with chronic hepatosplenic schistosomiasis submitted to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) of the abdomen. Images were interpreted independently by two radiologists to determine the reproducibility of image interpretation and who evaluated the presence of morphological alterations in the liver and spleen, such as hepatosplenomegaly, hepatic fissure widening, periportal fibrosis, and the presence of siderotic nodules. Interobserver and intra-observer agreement were measured with the kappa and intraclass correlation tests. Evaluation of venous collateral pathways and portal and splenic veins was done in consensus by both examiners. Results: Observers identified enlargement of the left lobe (78.5–92.8%) and caudate-to-right-lobe ratio (78.5–92.8%), irregularity of hepatic contours (89.2–96.4%), fissure widening (89.2–100%), and splenic siderotic nodules (84.2%). Splenomegaly, heterogeneity of hepatic parenchyma, peripheral hepatic vessels, and periportal fibrosis were observed in 100% of patients. MRI findings presented almost perfect interobserver (κ = 0.65–1) and intra-observer (κ = 0.73–1 for observer 1, and κ = 0.65–1 for observer 2) agreement for the variables analyzed. MRA showed the presence of collateral pathways in the majority of patients (71.4%) along with widening of portal and splenic veins. Conclusion: Using MRI, hepatosplenic alterations in schistosomiasis are characterized by heterogeneity of hepatic parenchyma, presence of peripheral perihepatic vessels, periportal fibrosis, splenomegaly, siderotic nodules, and the presence of venous collateral pathways.
Thyroid arterial embolization to treat graves' disease
Authors: Zhao W. , Gao B. -L. , Yang H. -Y. , Li H. , Song D. -P. , Xiang S. -T. , Shen J. 
Published: March 2007

Purpose: To prospectively investigate the effect of thyroid arterial embolization on hyperthyroid Graves' disease in selected patients. Material and Methods: Twenty-eight patients with hyperthyroidism caused by Graves' disease were enrolled to undergo thyroid arterial embolization and followed up for 12–22 months. Twenty-two patients had three thyroid arteries embolized and six patients two arteries. Serum thyroid hormone, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and autoimmune function were tested before and after embolization in all patients. Results: Of 28 patients, 22 (78.6%) became euthyroid, five improved (17.8%), and one had temporary improvement followed by recurrence (3.6%). No serious complications occurred. Compared with the pre-embolization values, serum concentrations of thyroid hormone increased temporarily on day 3 post-embolization, dropped substantially after 1 and 2 months, and returned to nearly normal at 6 and 12 months post-embolization. TSH dropped on day 3, increased after 1 and 2 months, and returned to normal after 6 and 12 months. Thyroid antibodies TGAb and TMAb declined on day 3 to normal range, rose after 1 month, dropped to normal again after 2 months, and were slightly increased at 6 and 12 months follow-up. Conclusion: Thyroid arterial embolization may be an effective approach for patients with hyperthyroidism caused by Graves' disease.