bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Arguments for the Continuity Principle
Authors: van Atten Mark , van Dalen Dirk 
Published: April 2008

There are two principles that lend Brouwer's mathematics the extra power beyond arithmetic. Both are presented in Brouwer's writings with little or no argument. One, the principle of bar induction, will not concern us here. The other, the continuity principle for numbers, occurs for the first time in print in [4]. It is formulated and immediately applied to show that the set of numerical choice sequences is not enumerable. In fact, the idea of the continuity property can be dated fairly precisely, it is to be found in the margin of Brouwer's notes for his course on Pointset Theory of 1915/16. The course was repeated in 1916/17 and he must have inserted his first formulation of the continuity principle in the fall of 1916 as new material right at the beginning of the course.In modern language, the principle readswhere α and β range over choice sequences of natural numbers,mandxover natural numbers, andstands for ⟨α(0), α(1), …, α(m− 1)⟩, the initial segment of α of lengthm.An immediate consequence of WC-N is that all full functions are continuous, and, as a corollary, that the continuum is unsplittable [28]. Note that WC-N is incompatible with Church's thesis, [22], section 4.6.After Brouwer asserted WC-N, Troelstra was the first to ask in print for a conceptual motivation, but he remained an exception; most authors followed Brouwer by simply asserting it, cf. [18].Let us note first that in one particular case the principle is obvious indeed, namely in the case of the lawless sequences. The notion of lawless sequence surfaced fairly late in the history of intuitionism. Kreisel introduced it in [17] for metamathematical purposes. There is a letter from Brouwer to Heyting in which the phenomenon also occurs [7]. This is an important and interesting fact since it is (probably) the only time that Brouwer made use of a possibility expressly stipulated in, e.g., [5], see below.
Specific ultrasonographic features of perinatal lethal hypophosphatasia
Authors: Zankl Andreas , Mornet Etienne , Wong Shell 
Published: April 2008

AbstractPrenatal diagnosis of perinatal lethal hypophosphatasia (PL‐HPH) by ultrasonography is difficult as PL‐HPH must be differentiated from other skeletal dysplasias with short long bones and poor mineralization of the skeleton, such as osteogenesis imperfecta type II and achondrogenesis/hypochondrogenesis. Here we present a case of molecularly confirmed PL‐HPH and illustrate specific ultrasonographic findings that help to distinguish PL‐HPH from similar conditions. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Tibial developmental field defect is the most common lower limb malformation pattern in VACTERL association
Authors: Castori Marco , Rinaldi Rosanna , Cappellacci Sandra , Grammatico Paola 
Published: April 2008

AbstractVACTERL association is one of the most common recognizable patterns of human malformation and has been recently defined as a multiple polytopic developmental field defect. Limb anomalies are a key component of this condition and characteristically reflect perturbation of radial ray development. However, the pattern of appendicular malformations in VACTERL association is wider and includes a broad spectrum of additional and apparently nonspecific anomalies. We report on the sporadic case of a 4–10/12‐year‐old boy presenting with multiple costovertebral defects, dextrocardia, bilateral radial ray hypo/aplasia, unilateral kidney agenesis and anal atresia. Homolaterally to the more severe radial ray defect and kidney aplasia, he also has a complex lower limb malformation, consisting of distal tibial aplasia, clubfoot, hallucal deficiency and preaxial polydactyly. Literature review identifies 24 additional patients with VACTERL manifestations and lower limb malformations (excluding cases with isolated secondary deformations). Tibial hypo/aplasia with or without additional tibial field defects, reported in about 2/3 (68%) of the patients, represents the most common finding, while involvement of the fibular ray is rare (20%) and very often accompanies tibial anomalies. The relatively high frequency of tibial ray anomalies in VACTERL patients could easily be explained by the principle of homology of the developmental field theory. Careful search of lower limb anomalies of the “tibial type” is, therefore, indicated in all patients with multiple polytopic developmental field defects. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Early sexual maturity among Pumé foragers of Venezuela: Fitness implications of teen motherhood
Authors: Kramer Karen L. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractBecause humans have slow life histories, discussions of the optimal age at first birth have stressed the benefits of delayed reproduction. However, given the diversity of ecological, fertility, and mortality environments in which humans live, reproductive maturity is expected to be highly variable. This article uses reproductive histories to examine a pattern of early menarche and first birth among the Pume, a group of South American foragers. Age at menarche and first birth are constructed using both retrospective and cross‐sectional data for females over the age of 10 (n= 83). The objectives are first to define these patterns and then discuss their reproductive consequences. On average, Pume girls reach menarche at age 12.9, and give birth to their first child at age 15.3–15.5 (retrospective and cross‐sectional data, respectively). This populational average falls several years prior to what often is considered the human norm. Two questions are then considered. What are the infant mortality costs across a mother's reproductive career? How does surviving fertility vary with age at first birth? Results indicate that the youngest of first‐time mothers (<14) are four times more likely to loose their firstborns than older first‐time mothers (≥17). Given parity‐specific mortality rates, the optimal strategy to minimize infant mortality and maximize reproductive span is to initiate childbearing in the midteens. Women gain no additional advantage in surviving fertility by delaying childbearing until their late teens. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cytotoxic‐Antineoplastic Derivatives of Prenyl‐1,2‐naphthohydroquinone
Authors: Molinari Aurora , Oliva Alfonso , Ojeda Claudia , del Corral José M. Miguel , Castro M. Angeles , Cuevas Carmen , San Feliciano Arturo 
Published: April 2008

AbstractSeveral new prenyl‐1,2‐naphthohydroquinone derivatives have been prepared by chemical modifications of Diels–Alder products which were obtained from cycloaddition of α‐myrcene to 1,2‐benzoquinone and then evaluated in vitro for their cytotoxic activity against A‐549 lung carcinoma, HT‐29 colon carcinoma, and MB‐231 breast adeno‐carcinoma culture cells. Most of them exhibited GI50 values in the μM‐concentration level.
Electrochemical regulation of the end‐product profile in Propionibacterium freudenreichii ET‐3 with an endogenous mediator
Authors: Wang Yung‐Fu , Masuda Masaki , Tsujimura Seiya , Kano Kenji 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe end‐product profile of the glucose fermentation by Propionibacterium freudenreichii ET‐3 changed on an electrochemical treatment, in which the culture vessel was filled with a carbon felt anode. Acetate and propionate were produced as final end products in a molar ratio of 2:3 without any electrochemical treatments at the point of the consumption of lactate as an intermediate of the glucose fermentation. The ratio was changed to 1:1 at the point of the lactate consumption by the electrochemical incubation at an electrode potential of 0.4 V versus Ag|AgCl for 100 h. During further electrochemical incubation, propionate was oxidized to acetate as a final end‐product in the microbe‐containing anode chamber. 1,4‐Dihydroxy‐2‐naphthoic acid produced by P. freudenreichii ET‐3 itself would receive electrons from the metabolic pathway and serve as an electron transfer mediator from the microbial cells to the electrode. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2008;101: 579–586. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Host strain influences on supercoiled plasmid DNA production in Escherichia coli: Implications for efficient design of large‐scale processes
Authors: Yau Sin Yee , Keshavarz‐Moore Eli , Ward John 
Published: April 2008

AbstractWe set out to investigate if E. coli genotype plays a significant role in host strain selection for optimal processing of plasmid DNA based on both quality and quantity of supercoiling. Firstly 17 E. coli commercial and non‐commercial strains were selected and their available genetic backgrounds were researched in the open literature. Growth characteristics of all the strains were considered and made impartial by using a common medium and growth condition platform. By keeping the growth conditions constant for each strain/plasmid combination, we are only looking at one variable which is the host strain. The second step was to attempt to correlate the findings with common genotype characteristics (e.g. mutations such as endA or recA). We found that one can screen the number of strains which are likely to give good productivity early on, before any further optimisation and verification is performed, both for small and large plasmids. Also, it is worth noting that complex plasmid interactions with each strain prevent the use of genotype alone in making an intelligent choice for supercoiling optimisation. This leads to a third optimisation step selecting a few of the potentially high performing strains based on high DNA yield and supercoiling, with a view to identify the factors which need improvement in strain design and bioreactor optimisation. We found that high specific growth rates of some strains did not affect the level of DNA supercoiling but did influence the total plasmid yield, potentially an important aspect in the design of fermentation strategy. Interestingly, a few host/plasmid combinations result in what appears to be runaway plasmid replication. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2008;101: 529–544. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Ultrasound pretreatment of cassava chip slurry to enhance sugar release for subsequent ethanol production
Authors: Nitayavardhana Saoharit , Rakshit Sudip Kumar , Grewell David , van Leeuwen J. (Hans) , Khanal Samir Kumar 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe use of ultrasound pretreatment to enhance liquefaction and saccharification of cassava chips was investigated. Cassava chip slurry samples were subjected to sonication for 10–40 s at three power levels of low (2 W/mL), medium (5 W/mL), and high (8 W/mL). The samples were simultaneously exposed to enzymes to convert starch into glucose. The cassava particle size declined nearly 40‐fold following ultrasonic pretreatment at high power input. Scanning electron micrographs of both unsonicated (control) and sonicated samples showed disruption of fibrous material in cassava chips but did not affect the granular structure of starch. Reducing sugar release improved in direct proportion to the power input and sonication time. The reducing sugar increase was as much as 180% with respect to the control groups. The slurry samples with enzyme addition during sonication resulted in better reducing sugar release than the samples with enzyme addition after sonication. The heat generated during sonication below starch gelatinization temperature apparently had no effect on the reducing sugar release. The reducing sugar yield and energy efficiency of ultrasound pretreated samples increased with total solids (TS) contents. The highest reducing sugar yield of 22 g/100 g of sample and efficiency of 323% were obtained for cassava slurry with 25% TS at high power. The reducing sugar yield at the completion of reaction (R∞) were over twofold higher compared to the control groups. The integration of ultrasound into a cassava‐based ethanol plant may significantly improve the overall ethanol yield. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2008;101: 487–496. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Weak partitioning chromatography for anion exchange purification of monoclonal antibodies
Authors: D. Kelley Brian , Tobler Scott A. , Brown Paul , Coffman Jonathan L. , Godavarti Ranga , Iskra Timothy , Switzer Mary , Vunnum Suresh 
Published: April 2008

AbstractWeak partitioning chromatography (WPC) is an isocratic chromatographic protein separation method performed under mobile phase conditions where a significant amount of the product protein binds to the resin, well in excess of typical flowthrough operations. The more stringent load and wash conditions lead to improved removal of more tightly binding impurities, although at the cost of a reduction in step yield. The step yield can be restored by extending the column load and incorporating a short wash at the end of the load stage. The use of WPC with anion exchange resins enables a two‐column cGMP purification platform to be used for many different mAbs. The operating window for WPC can be easily established using high throughput batch‐binding screens. Under conditions that favor very strong product binding, competitive effects from product binding can give rise to a reduction in column loading capacity. Robust performance of WPC anion exchange chromatography has been demonstrated in multiple cGMP mAb purification processes. Excellent clearance of host cell proteins, leached Protein A, DNA, high molecular weight species, and model virus has been achieved. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2008;101: 553–566. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Randomized clinical trial comparing day-care open haemorrhoidectomy under local versus general anaesthesia
Authors: Kushwaha R , Hutchings W , Davies C , Rao N G 
Published: April 2008

Abstract

Background
Day-care open haemorrhoidectomy under local anaesthesia (LH) may be the most cost-effective approach to haemorrhoidectomy. This prospective randomized trial compared outcome after LH from patients' and clinical perspectives with that after day-care open haemorrhoidectomy under general anaesthesia (GH).

Methods
Forty-one patients with third-degree haemorrhoids were randomized to LH (19) or GH (22). Patient demographics were comparable. A single haemorrhoid was excised in 15 patients, and two and three haemorrhoids in 13 each. Independent nurse-led assessment and clinical evaluation were carried out for 6 months. Outcome measures were mean and expected pain scores at 30, 60 and 90 min, then daily for 10 days, and satisfaction scores at 10 days, 6 weeks and 6 months. Secondary outcomes were journey time within the day-surgery unit and overall cost.

Results
Pain was worse following LH than GH at 90 min after surgery (P = 0·028), but pain scores on reaching home were similar. Maximum pain was experienced on day 3 after LH and on day 6 after GH. From day 1 onwards, daily pain scores were lower in the LH group, and there was a significant difference on day 8 (mean (95 per cent confidence interval) 3·61 (2·74 to 4·48) for LH versus 5·29 (4·12 to 6·45) for GH; P = 0·027). Mean pain over 10 days, expectation and satisfaction scores were similar in the two groups. LH had a shorter journey time and was less expensive than GH.

Conclusion
LH has similar tolerance and clinical outcome to GH, and is associated with a shorter journey time and lower cost. Registration number: NCT00503269 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov).
Heart failure associated with sunitinib malate
Authors: Khakoo Aarif Y. , Kassiotis Christos M. , Tannir Nizar , Plana Juan Carlos , Halushka Marc , Bickford Courtney , Trent Jon , Champion J. Chris , Durand Jean‐Bernard , Lenihan Daniel J. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND.Sunitinib malate is a novel multitargeted receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor with established efficacy in the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma and imatinib‐resistant gastrointestinal stromal tumor. This report describes the development of heart failure in cancer patients who received this novel agent.METHODS.A retrospective study was conducted at M. D. Anderson Cancer Center during a 1‐year period on patients who received sunitinib and developed heart failure.RESULTS.During 2006, 6 of 224 (2.7%) patients who received sunitinib developed heart failure (HF) that resulted in substantial morbidity and, in some cases, mortality. Symptomatic heart failure occurred soon after initiation of sunitinib (mean onset 22 days after initiation), was associated with decline in cardiac function and elevations in blood pressure, and was not completely reversible in most patients, even after termination of sunitinib therapy.CONCLUSIONS.These observations suggested that sunitinib‐associated heart failure may represent a potentially serious toxicity and underscore the need for careful monitoring of cardiac function and aggressive control of hypertension in these patients. Studies to elucidate potential mechanisms of heart failure and left ventricular dysfunction resulting from treatment with sunitinib are necessary to develop strategies for prevention and treatment of this complication. Cancer 2008. ©2008 American Cancer Society.
A node‐based agglomeration AMG solver for linear elasticity in thin bodies
Authors: Sumant Prasad S. , Cangellaris Andreas C. , Aluru Narayana R. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThis paper describes the development of an efficient and accurate algebraic multigrid finite element solver for analysis of linear elasticity problems in two‐dimensional thin body elasticity. Such problems are commonly encountered during the analysis of thin film devices in micro‐electro‐mechanical systems. An algebraic multigrid based on element interpolation is adopted and streamlined for the development of the proposed solver. A new node‐based agglomeration scheme is proposed for computationally efficient, aggressive and yet effective generation of coarse grids. It is demonstrated that the use of appropriate finite element discretization along with the proposed algebraic multigrid process preserves the rigid body modes that are essential for good convergence of the multigrid solution. Several case studies are taken up to validate the approach. The proposed node‐based agglomeration scheme is shown to lead to development of sparse and efficient intergrid transfer operators making the overall multigrid solution process very efficient. The proposed solver is found to work very well even for Poisson's ratio >0.4. Finally, an application of the proposed solver is demonstrated through a simulation of a micro‐electro‐mechanical switch. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Designing globally optimal delta–sigma modulator topologies via signomial programming
Authors: Ho Yuen‐Hong Alvin , Kwan Hing‐Kit , Wong Ngai , Ho Ka‐Leung 
Published: April 2008

AbstractWe present a design methodology for globally optimizing the topologies of delta–sigma modulators (DSMs). Previous work cast the design task into a general non‐convex, nonlinear programming problem, whereas we propose to recast it as a signomial programming problem. Convexification strategies are presented for transforming the signomial programming problem into its equivalent convex counterpart, thereby enabling the solution of globally optimal design parameters. It is also possible to include circuit non‐ideal effects that affect the transfer function of the modulator into the formulation without affecting the computational efficiency. The proposed framework has been applied to topology synthesis problems of single‐loop and multi‐loop low‐pass DSMs based on discrete‐time circuitry. Numerical results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed approach over conventional nonlinear programming techniques. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Efficient numerical modeling of random rough surface effects in interconnect resistance extraction
Authors: Chen Quan , Wong Ngai 
Published: April 2008

AbstractOwing to the decreasing skin depth in high‐speed analog and digital circuits, surface roughness is playing an increasingly important role in interconnect parasitic extraction. However, the random nature of surface roughness and the complicated electromagnetic behavior baffle satisfactory solutions to the extraction exercise. This paper utilizes a numerically formulated effective conductivity as an efficient measure of the rough surface effects in the resistance extraction to avoid the global discretization of interconnect surfaces. Two numerical methods based on different boundary element formulations are proposed to compute the mean effective conductivity for interconnects with random surface roughness. Numerical experiments compare these two methods in different rough surface patterns to evaluate their efficacy. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
DiC14‐amidine cationic liposomes stimulate myeloid dendritic cells through Toll‐like receptor 4
Authors: Tanaka Tetsuya , Legat Amandine , Adam Emmanuelle , Steuve Jonathan , Gatot Jean‐Stéphane , Vandenbranden Michel , Ulianov Liliana , Lonez Caroline , Ruysschaert Jean‐Marie , Muraille Eric , Tuynder Marcel , Goldman Michel , Jacquet Alain 
Published: April 2008

AbstractDiC14‐amidine cationic liposomes were recently shown to promote Th1 responses when mixed with allergen. To further define the mode of action of diC14‐amidine as potential vaccine adjuvant, we characterized its effects on mouse and human myeloid dendritic cells (DC). First, we observed that, as compared with two other cationic liposomes, only diC14‐amidine liposomes induced the production of IL‐12p40 and TNF‐α by mouse bone marrow‐derived DC. DiC14‐amidine liposomes also activated human DC, as shown by synthesis of IL‐12p40 and TNF‐α, accumulation of IL‐6, IFN‐β and CXCL10 mRNA, and up‐regulation of membrane expression of CD80 and CD86. DC stimulation by diC14‐amidine liposomes was associated with activation of NF‐κB, ERK1/2, JNK and p38 MAP kinases. Finally, we demonstrated in mouse and human cells that diC14‐amidine liposomes use Toll‐like receptor 4 to elicit both MyD88‐dependent and Toll/IL‐1R‐containing adaptor inducing interferon IFN‐β (TRIF)‐dependent responses.Supporting Information for this article is available at www.wiley‐vch.de/contents/jc_2040/2008/37998_s.pdf
Stereochemical aspects of the hypophosphorous acid addition to terephthalic schiff bases. Synthesis of new 1,4‐phenylene‐bis‐aminomethane‐bis‐phosphonous acids
Authors: Lewkowski Jarosław , Rybarczyk Małgorzata 
Published: April 2008

AbstractTerephthalic Schiff bases react with hypophosphorous acid to form 1,4‐phenylene‐bis‐N‐alkyl‐aminomethanephosphonous acids in moderate yields. NMR studies demonstrated that—for several examples—this reaction led to the exclusive formation of only one diastereomeric form. NMR investigation of a chiral salt identified the meso form. In contrast hereto, a corresponding addition of hypophosphorous acid to a chiral Schiff base proved to be not stereoselective; all three possible diastereoisomers were formed in a 4:1:1 ratio. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 19:283–287, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20422
A new class of sulfur‐linked bis‐1,2,3‐selenadiazoles, 1,2,3‐thiadiazoles, and 2H‐diazaphospholes
Authors: Padmavathi Venkatapuram , Mahesh Konda , Subbaiah Dandu Rangayapalle Chinna Venkata , Padmaja Adivireddy 
Published: April 2008

AbstractNovel sulfur‐linked bis‐heterocycles, bis‐1,2,3‐selenadiazoles 4, 1,2,3‐thiadiazoles 5, and 2H‐diazaphospholes 7, were synthesized from bis(2‐oxo‐2‐phenylethanone)sulfide 2 by adopting a simple and well‐versed methodology. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 19:261–265, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20425