bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Body symmetry and asymmetry in early Greek anatomical reasoning
Authors: Crivellato Enrico , Ribatti Domenico 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThis historical note focuses on some of the earliest reports of human anatomy found in Greek medical literature. These passages testify the initial steps taken by Greek scientists in building a theoretical model of the human body. In these excerpts, one finds erroneous anatomical descriptions, which shed light on the epistemological approach used by these intellectual pioneers. Because of the lack of systematic dissection, it appears that early Greek anatomists developed a somewhat stylized idea of the human body that used a certain degree of symmetry. Overcoming the concept of a strict left–right bilateral parallelism in human body architecture was a challenging intellectual task that required prolonged observation of dissected corpses. Clin. Anat. 21:279–282, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Extending the technology acceptance model to mobile telecommunication innovation: The existence of network externalities
Authors: Wang Chih‐Chien , Lo Shao‐Kang , Fang Wenchang 
Published: April 2008

AbstractConsumer acceptance of technological innovations is crucial to marketing new products. According to the most influential model in this area, the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), perceived usefulness (PU) and perceived ease of use (PEOU) determine users' behavioural intentions to use or purchase a system or product. In the specific context of network externalities, a sense of utility that arises from the number of users (NOU) is considered as important as technology‐specific valuation. This study conducted an empirical survey to examine the effects of TAM and network externalities on the acceptance of Multimedia Messaging Services (MMS), an innovation in the field of mobile telecommunications. The results confirm the effectiveness of the TAM and find that network externalities effect affects users' acceptance to this mobile innovations. Accordingly, the TAM can be applied to predict consumer's acceptance to the mobile telecommunication innovations in the presence of network externalities.Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Consuming the authentic Gettysburg: How a tourist landscape becomes an authentic experience
Authors: Chronis Athinodoros , Hampton Ronald D. 
Published: April 2008

Abstract

While authenticity pervades everyday consumption in museums, restaurants, theme parks, gift shops, and heritage attractions, among other commercial milieus, academic work on the concept of authenticity remains vague both in terms of its definition and its marketing relevance. In this study, we unpack the concept of authenticity in a Civil War battlefield and we provide insight as to its theoretical relevance for consumption. Our findings elucidate the distinction between authenticity as a product feature and authenticity as an experience. We show that consumer perceptions of a site's authenticity are articulated in five distinct ways: object related, factual, locational, personage, and contextual. We also point out the contribution of each notion of perceived authenticity in sparking consumer imagination and connecting them with the Civil War narrative. We suggest avenues that marketing managers can use to stage authenticity in a commercial environments at both substantive communicative levels. Our study reveals consumers as active agents who participate in the marketplace construction of authenticity in multiple ways. It is also shown that authenticity partakes in the construction of a national imaginary as a negotiated, collective act. We also provide insight as to the distinction between “authentic” and “inauthentic” commercial sites and the way in which even fictitious sites can be perceived as authentic.
Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Factors explaining male/female differences in attitudes and purchase intention toward genetically engineered salmon
Authors: Qin Wei , Brown J. Lynne 
Published: April 2008

Abstract

Frequently observed male/female differences in attitudes toward genetically engineered (GE) foods have not received adequate explanations. We examined (a) the ability of two hypotheses (safety concern and institutional trust) to explain male/female attitudes toward GE salmon and (b) the effect of attitudes on male/female differences in purchase intent. A survey (n = 501) was administered in two branches of a regional supermarket chain. After reading an information booklet, men and women's scores on a knowledge quiz did not differ but women had significantly more negative attitudes toward GE salmon than men. Attitudinal male/female differences were attributed to women's lower trust in government agencies and scientific organizations, and higher level of perceived health risks compared to men – supporting both hypotheses. But the essential basis of these attitudinal male/female differences appeared to be women's greater concern about the ethics/morality of this application. Attitude differences were the major contributor to male/female differences in purchase intention.
Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tyl1a, a TDP‐6‐deoxy‐D‐xylo‐4‐hexulose 3,4‐isomerase from Streptomyces fradiae: Structure Prediction, Mutagenesis and Solvent Isotope Incorporation Experiments to Investigate Reaction Mechanism
Authors: Tello Mónica , Rejzek Martin , Wilkinson Barrie , Lawson David M. , Field Robert A. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractUnderstanding the structure and mechanism of sugar nucleotide processing enzymes is invaluable in the generation of designer enzymes for biotransformation, for instance, in connection with engineering antibiotic glycosylation. In this study, homology modelling and mechanistic comparison to the structurally related RmlC epimerase family has been used to identify and assign functions to active‐site residues in the Tyl1a‐catalysed keto‐sugar nucleotide isomerisation process. Tyl1a His63 is implicated as the base that initiates the isomerisation process by substrate C‐3 deprotonation, with Arg109 stabilising the resulting enolate. Subsequent O‐3 deprotonation (potentially by His65) and C‐4 protonation (potentially by Tyr49) complete the isomerisation process.
Carotid artery stenting in elderly patients: Importance of case selection
Authors: Chiam Paul T.L. , Roubin Gary S. , Iyer Sriram S. , Green Richard M. , Soffer Daniel E. , Brennan Christina , Vitek Jiri J. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjectives: This study was conducted to determine if carotid stenting (CS) could be safely performed in the elderly. Background: Age has been shown to be a predictor of neurological complications during CS. We postulated that CS could be safely performed in elderly patients if certain anatomical and clinical markers such as excessive vascular tortuosity, heavy concentric calcification of the lesion, and decreased cerebral reserve were avoided. Methods: From July 2003 to October 2007, 142 patients aged ≥50% or asymptomatic stenosis ≥70%. All patients underwent carotid and cerebral angiography to determine anatomic suitability and stent risk. Demographic and outcome data were entered into a database; other data were obtained retrospectively. Independent neurology evaluation was performed before and at 24 hr after the procedure. Results: The mean age was 83.2 years, 62% were male, 25.5% were symptomatic, 8.5% had postcarotid endarterectomy restenosis, and 6.0% had contralateral internal carotid artery occlusion. There were no intracranial hemorrhages or periprocedural myocardial infarctions. One patient had amaurosis fugax. There were two minor and three major strokes in‐hospital (3.3%). All patients had 30‐day follow‐up. One of the major strokes expired. Thus the overall 30‐day stroke or death rate was 3.3% and major stroke or death rate was 2.0%. The 30‐day stroke or death rate was 5.1% for symptomatic patients and 2.6% for asymptomatic patients. Conclusion: CS can be performed safely in anatomically suitable elderly patients with low adverse event rates. CS should remain a revascularization option in appropriately selected elderly patients. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The successful use of alternative routes of vascular access for performing pediatric interventional cardiac catheterization
Authors: Davenport Jennifer J. , Lam Lourdes , Whalen‐Glass Ruby , Nykanen David G. , Burke Redmond P. , Hannan Robert , Zahn Evan M. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjective: The objective of this study is to examine the safety/efficacy of alternative routes of vascular access (ARVA) for successful performance of interventions. Background: Complex interventional catheterizations may be required in children with limited vascular access, vascular constraints relative to size, and hemodynamic instability. Our approach has been to utilize ARVA in selected cases. Methods: ARVA pertains to any vessel excluding femoral, jugular/subclavian veins, or umbilical access. A retrospective review performed on patients with an intervention utilizing ARVA between August 1995 and January 2004 was performed. Patients were divided by clinical status: critically ill/emergent (A), elective cases (B). Procedural success was based on previously published criteria. Results: Sixty‐four interventions were performed in 50 patients using 54 ARVA. ARVA utilized: radial (1), axillary (2), brachial (2), carotid arteries (25); brachial (2) hepatic (9) veins; and open chest/direct cardiac puncture (13). ARVA provided successful access to target lesions. Interventions included stents (30), valvuloplasty (16), angioplasty (14), and one each of vascular occlusion, septal occlusion, accessory pathway ablation, and septostomy. Group A patients were smaller (P < 0.0002) and younger (P < 0.004) than B. All open chest/direct cardiac and the majority (71%) of carotid arterial approaches were performed in group A. Fifty‐six (88%) inteventions were successful with no difference between groups A (88%) and B (86%). There were two complications. Neither resulted in long‐term sequelae. Conclusions: ARVA may provide a strategic advantage that may be safely applied to a variety of interventions regardless of patient size or degree of illness. These techniques may further extend the scope of successful interventions in children. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Isoquinolin‐1‐one Inhibitors of the MDM2–p53 Interaction
Authors: Rothweiler Ulli , Czarna Anna , Krajewski Marcin , Ciombor Jolanta , Kalinski Cédric , Khazak Vladimir , Ross Günther , Skobeleva Natalia , Weber Lutz , Holak Tad A. 
Published: April 2008

Abstractp53 has been at the centre of attention for drug design since the discovery of its growth‐suppressive and pro‐apoptotic activity. Herein we report the design and characterisation of a new class of isoquinolinone inhibitors of the MDM2–p53 interaction. Our identification of druglike and selective inhibitors of this protein–protein interaction included a straightforward in silico compound‐selection process, a recently reported NMR spectroscopic approach for studying the MDM2–p53 interaction, and selectivity screening assays using cells with the same genetic background. The selected inhibitors were all able to induce apoptosis and the expression of p53‐related genes, but only the isoquinolin‐1‐one‐based inhibitors stabilised p53. Our NMR experiments give a persuading explanation for these results, showing that isoquinolin‐1‐one derivates are able to dissociate the preformed MDM2–p53 complex in vitro, releasing a folded and soluble p53. The joint application of these methods provides a framework for the discovery of protein interaction inhibitors as a promising starting point for further drug design.
Limits of observational data in determining outcomes from cancer therapy
Authors: Giordano Sharon H. , Kuo Yong‐Fang , Duan Zhigang , Hortobagyi Gabriel N. , Freeman Jean , Goodwin James S. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND.Observational data are used increasingly to assess the effectiveness of therapies. However, selection biases are likely to have an impact on results and threaten the validity of these studies.METHODS.The primary objective of the current study was to explore the effect of selection biases in observational studies of treatment effectiveness in cancer care. Patients were identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results‐Medicare linked database. The following groups of patients were included: 5245 men treated with and without androgen deprivation for locally advanced prostate cancer, 43,847 men with active treatment versus observation for low‐ and intermediate‐risk prostate cancer, and 4860 patients with lymph node‐positive colon cancer who were treated with and without fluorouracil chemotherapy. Patients were compared by therapy for the outcomes of cancer‐specific mortality, other‐cause mortality, and overall mortality.RESULTS.In all comparisons, the observational data produced improbable results. For example, when evaluating outcomes of men who were treated with and without androgen deprivation for locally advanced prostate cancer, men who underwent androgen deprivation had higher prostate cancer mortality (hazard ratio, 1.5; 95% confidence interval, 1.29–1.92) despite clinical trial evidence that this treatment improves cancer mortality. Controlling for comorbidity, extent of disease, and other characteristics by multivariate analyses or by propensity analyses had remarkably small impact on these improbable results.CONCLUSIONS.The current results suggested that the results from observational studies of treatment outcomes should be viewed with caution. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
C‐reactive protein as a prognostic marker for men with androgen‐independent prostate cancer
Authors: Beer Tomasz M. , Lalani Alshad S. , Lee Stella , Mori Motomi , Eilers Kristine M. , Curd John G. , Henner W. David , Ryan Christopher W. , Venner Peter , Ruether J. Dean , Chi Kim N. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND.Studies of cancer risk and molecular carcinogenesis suggest a role for inflammation in cancer development and progression. The authors sought to determine whether specific blood proteins associated with inflammation predict for outcomes in men with metastatic androgen‐independent prostate cancer (AIPC) who are initiating docetaxel‐based chemotherapy.METHODS.Baseline plasma samples were stored (−80°C) from 160 of 250 patients enrolled in the AIPC Study of Calcitriol ENhancing Taxotere (ASCENT) trial, a randomized, placebo‐controlled trial comparing weekly docetaxel plus high‐dose calcitriol with weekly docetaxel. Multiplex immunoassays measured 16 cytokine, chemokine, cardiovascular, or inflammatory markers. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to assess associations between baseline biomarkers, clinical characteristics, and survival. Logistic regression was used for analyses of associations with prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) decline.RESULTS.C‐reactive protein (CRP) was found to be significantly predictive of a shorter overall survival (hazards ratio [HR] of 1.41 for each natural logarithm [ln] [CRP] increase; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.20–1.65 [P < .0001]). When CRP (continuous) was entered into a multivariate model using 13 baseline clinical variables, only elevated CRP remained a significant predictor (P < .0001) of shorter overall survival. When categorized as normal (≤8 mg/L) or abnormal (>8 mg/L), elevated CRP was found to be a significant predictor of shorter overall survival (HR of 2.96; 95% CI, 1.52–5.77 [P = .001]), as was hemoglobin (P = .007). Elevated CRP was also associated with a lower probability of PSA decline (odds ratio of 0.74 for each ln(CRP) increase; 95% CI, 0.60–0.92 [P = .007]).CONCLUSIONS.Elevated plasma CRP concentrations appear to be a strong predictor of poor survival and lower probability of PSA response to treatment in patients with AIPC who are receiving docetaxel‐based therapy. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
Efficacy of lamotrigine in the management of chemotherapy‐induced peripheral neuropathy
Authors: Rao Ravi D. , Flynn Patrick J. , Sloan Jeff A. , Wong Gilbert Y. , Novotny Paul , Johnson David B. , Gross Howard M. , Renno Samer I. , Nashawaty Mohammed , Loprinzi Charles L. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND.Lamotrigine, an antiepileptic agent, has been reported as being effective in reducing symptoms of neuropathy associated with various etiologies. Based on such data, a multicenter double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, randomized trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of lamotrigine on pain and other neuropathic symptoms due to chemotherapy‐induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN).METHODS.Patients with symptomatic CIPN with symptom scores of either 1) >3 on a 0‐10 Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) or 2) >1 on the 0‐3 the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) neuropathy scale (ENS) were eligible (higher numbers corresponding to greater severity of symptoms in both scales). Patients were randomly assigned to receive lamotrigine (target dose of 300 mg/day) or placebo for 10 weeks. Endpoints were measured biweekly.RESULTS.In all, 131 patients were enrolled. Both groups were well matched at baseline. Over the 10‐week period of the trial, the average pain scores (NRS) for the lamotrigine and placebo arms declined in both arms, with no statistically significant difference noted between the changes in the 2 groups (0.3 and 0.5 unit reduction from baseline, respectively; P = .56). Similarly, decreases in the ENS with therapy were not statistically different (0.4 and 0.3, respectively; P = .3). Changes in other subjective symptom scales were also not found to be statistically different between the 2 groups. Toxicities were mild and similar in each group.CONCLUSIONS.The results suggest that lamotrigine is not effective for relieving neuropathic symptoms in patients because of CIPN. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
Prognostic factors for patients with stage IV epithelial ovarian cancer receiving intraperitoneal chemotherapy after second‐look assessment
Authors: Zivanovic Oliver , Barakat Richard R. , Sabbatini Paul J. , Brown Carol L. , Konner Jason A. , Aghajanian Carol A. , Abu‐Rustum Nadeem R. , Levine Douglas A. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND.The aim was to determine the long‐term outcome for patients with FIGO stage IV epithelial ovarian carcinoma (EOC) treated with intraperitoneal (IP) chemotherapy after second‐look assessment.METHODS.By using data from a retrospective cohort of 433 patients who received IP therapy after second‐look assessment after primary surgery and initial systemic therapy for EOC between 1984 and 1998 at our institution, all FIGO stage IIIC and IV patients were identified. Standard statistical methods were used.RESULTS.Overall, 297 patients met study criteria (246 stage IIIC; 51 stage IV). The median survival for patients with stage IV disease was 34 months compared with 42 months for patients with stage IIIC disease (P = .02). The only significant predictor of overall survival in patients with stage IV disease was the presence of gross residual disease at initiation of IP therapy (P = .027). When comparing stage IV patients with and without pleural effusions to all stage IIIC patients, there was a significant trend toward improved survival in the patients with pleural effusions only compared with other stage IV patients (P = .01).CONCLUSIONS.Prolonged overall survival was observed in patients with no gross residual disease at the time of IP chemotherapy initiation. When compared with similarly treated stage IIIC patients, stage IV patients with malignant pleural effusions appear to have a better outcome than those with other sites of metastasis. Future prospective trials should evaluate the use of IP therapy for patients with stage IV EOC by virtue of malignant pleural effusions only who responded to initial systemic therapy. Cancer 2008. ©2008 American Cancer Society.
Disease control intervals in high‐risk neuroblastoma
Authors: Santana Victor M. , Furman Wayne L. , McGregor Lisa M. , Billups Catherine A. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND.Current salvage therapy for recurrent high‐risk neuroblastoma is rarely curative. Assessment of the effectiveness of new, primarily cytostatic agents requires the redefinition of study endpoints to reflect disease stabilization rather than tumor response or regression. The intervals of disease control in the patients in the current study with recurrent neuroblastoma were characterized to provide comparison criteria for exploratory studies of new agents.METHODS.Disease control intervals, disease‐free survival, postrecurrence survival, and median time to treatment failure were estimated in 90 patients with high‐risk neuroblastoma treated between January 1991 and June 2002 on 3 St. Jude neuroblastoma protocols.RESULTS.The estimated median time to disease recurrence was 18.3 months (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 15.9–22.4 months) for the first recurrence, 8.7 months (95% CI, 5.0–12.2 months) for the second recurrence, and 3.8 months (95% CI, 2.5–5.4 months) for the third recurrence. The 5‐year estimate of survival after the first disease recurrence was 11% ± 4%. Patients with longer initial disease control had a postrecurrence survival advantage:the 5‐year estimated postrecurrence survival was 15.3% ± 6.3% for patients with initial disease control ≥16 months and 8.1% ± 5.5% for others (P = .006). The median disease control interval was approximately halved after each disease recurrence.CONCLUSIONS.The previous disease control interval should be considered in stratification schemes for future phase 2 testing of new agents for the treatment of neuroblastoma. For the optimal evaluation of new treatment strategies that incorporate cytostatic agents, study design and selection of endpoints must take into account the current patterns of recurrence or progression of neuroblastoma. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
REFINE: The reconfigurable packet filtering on network processor
Authors: Ficara Domenico , Giordano Stefano , Rossi Federico , Vitucci Fabio 
Published: April 2008

AbstractNetwork processors (NPs) are emerging as very promising platforms for developing reconfigurable and high‐performance network devices, due to their capability to combine the flexibility of general‐purpose processors with the high‐performance features of hardware‐based systems. They represent the most suitable solutions for implementing complex and dynamic tasks, such as packet classification and scheduling, which are key operations, for example, in DS networks. Programmability and reconfigurability allow NP‐based devices to be continuously adapted to the new network requirements, obtaining a high time in market.This paper illustrates the compound process that leads to the implementation of a reconfigurable multidimensional packet filtering on the Intel® IXP2400 NP. The multidimensional multibit trie is chosen as the best algorithm to be implemented and it is modified to exploit the specific features of NP. The different tasks are mapped on the NP computational resources and an optimized implementation is performed, with subsequent experimental validation. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dinuclear Copper(II) Complexes with Bis‐thiocarbohydrazone Ligands
Authors: Dragancea Diana , Addison Anthony W. , Zeller Matthias , Thompson Laurence K. , Hoole Dushyanthi , Revenco Mihail D. , Hunter Allen D. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractCopper(II) complexes with substituted bis(salicylaldehyde) thiocarbohydrazones (3‐methoxy = H4LMe, 3‐ethoxy = H4LEt), have been synthesized. These ditopic ligands form dinuclear copper(II) complexes containing the ligands in their triplydeprotonated forms. The ligands entail two nonequivalent donor atom sites (ONN and ONS) for copper(II) coordination. Magnetic measurements of the complexes in the temperature range 2–290 K showed significant antiferromagnetic interactions between the two copper(II) ions, with –2J around 180 cm–1. The dinuclear molecules in turn also form face‐to‐face H‐bonded dimers involving four coppers in total.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)