bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Natural anti‐tumor serum reactivity in balb/c mice. II. Control by regulator t‐cells
Authors: Colnaghi Maria I. , Ménard Sylvie , Porta Giuseppe Della 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBy a complement‐dependent cytotoxicity test, 37 sera from 1‐ to 18‐month‐old BALB/c mice were tested for natural anti‐tumor and anti‐thymus immune reactivity. The level of anti‐tumor and anti‐thymus antibodies increased with age, and a high individual variability, particularly evident in the older animals, was found. The appearance of the spontaneous antibodies was correlated to the T‐cell status of mice. Animals with the higher spleen T‐cell content were those with the higher anti‐thymus and the lower anti‐tumor natural antibody level, and vice verso. In T‐deprived mice the anti‐tumor response increased, whereas the anti‐thymus response was not influenced. An inoculum of T cells from young to older syngeneic mice yielded a decrease of the anti‐tumor response and an increase of the anti‐thymus response. Homeostatic immunologic mechanisms, in which the cellular and the humoral system alternate in the tumor cell control, are suggested.
Cancer in the africans and arabs of zanzibar
Authors: Chopra Saif A. , Chopra Fatima S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAmong 392 cancers histologically diagnosed in Zanzibar during 1957–62 and 1964–67, a definite pattern seems to emerge. Skin and cervix cancers were the most common types in both Africans and Arabs. Skin cancer was predominantly of the squamous cell type. The Zanzibar Arabs thus appear to be protected against basal cell carcinoma which in the Arab desert community has been diagnosed with about the same frequency as squamous‐cell carcinoma. In the same manner, the Zanzibar Arab immigrants seem to have a reduced risk for stomach and oesophageal cancers, which are common in other Arab countries. This is probably because Arabs in Zanzibar have adopted the dietary habits and other customs of the Zanzibar Africans in whom cancer of the alimentary tract seems to be uncommon. On the other hand, unlike Zanzibar Africans, the Arabs have an increased risk for Hodgkin's disease similar to that of the Middle East Arab population.
Heterogeneity of epstein‐barr virus originating from P3HR‐1 cells. I. Studies on ebna induction
Authors: Fresen Karl‐Otto , Merkt Barbara , Bornkamm Georg W. , Hausen Harald Zur 
Published: February 2007

AbstractInfection of EBV‐negative human B‐lymphoma cells of the lines BJAB and Ramos with EBV from P3HR‐1 or B 95‐8 cells resulted in gradual conversion of these cells to EBNA synthesis. Whereas B 95‐8 virus‐infected cells exhibited a uniform brilliant EBNA fluorescence, two distinct fluorescence patterns were observed in P3HR‐1 virus‐converted BJAB and Ramos cells, a faint granular and a brilliant fluorescence, with predominance of the faint granular pattern. Cloning of P3HR‐1 virus‐converted BJAB cells resulted in 20 clones, 11 of them showing the heterogenous parental pattern, six revealing exclusively faint granular EBNA staining, and three with brilliantly stained nuclei, containing also a varying percentage of EBNA‐negative cells. Further subcloning of one of the latter clones resulted in 26 subclones with brilliant EBNA expression, always segregating a significant percentage of EBNA‐negative cells and one entirely EBNA‐negative subclone. Reassociation kinetics did not reveal striking differences in the genome content of clones showing exclusively the faint granular or the brilliant type of EBNA expression. The EBNA‐negative clone did not contain detectable amounts of EBV‐DNA. Upon superinfection of the converted clones by the parental P3HR‐1 virus, a significant increase in EA induction was noted when compared to non‐converted BJAB and Ramos cells. This accounted in particular for cells with faint granular EBNA expression. These data support previous interpretations (Fresen and zur Hausen, 1976), suggesting the existence of at least two populations of EBV molecules within P3HR‐1 cells. The reason for the apparently labile association of P3HR‐1 EBV genomes inducing the brilliant EBNA fluorescence in BJAB cells still remains obscure. The possible existence of a “helper” effect, exerted by the faint granular EBNA‐inducing virus in stabilizing the persistence of the former, is discussed.
Tumour‐specific antibodies reactive with cell‐surface antigens in children with wilms' tumour
Authors: Kumar Shant , Waghe Madhav , Taylor Geoffrey 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTumour‐specific antibodies directed against membrane antigens were demonstrated by immuno‐fluorescence in three of 45 patients with Wilms' tumour. Antibody capable of collaborating with K cells to kill Wilms' tumour was present in two additional patients. No patient exhibited both membrane immunofluorescence and K‐cell collaborating antibody. Of 27 patients with non‐renal solid tumours and 52 age‐matched controls, none possessed tumour‐specific antibody.
Studies on epstein‐barr virus‐related antigens. II. Biochemical properties of soluble antigen in raji burkitt lymphoma cells
Authors: Matsuo T. , Osato T. , Nishi S. , Hirai H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBiochemical properties of Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV)‐related soluble antigen in non‐producer Raji Burkitt lymphoblastoid cells, assayed by the indirect single radial immunodiffusion (ISRD) test, were investigated. The soluble ISRD antigen retained activity even after exposure to a temperature of 80°C. The antigen was precipitated in 40% saturated ammonium sulfate and ISRD activity was recovered from the precipitate when reconstituted into a solution. Isoelectric focusing and crossed immuno‐electrophoretic analyses revealed that the isoelectric point of the ISRD antigen is pH 4.8 with an electrophoretic mobility similar to that of serum α‐globulin. With Sephadex G‐200 or Sepharose 6B gel filtration, ISRD activity was obtained as a single peak which corresponded to the activity absorbing anti‐complement immunofluorescence. The molecular weight of the present EBV‐related soluble antigen was estimated to be 220,000–240,000 daltons.
Metabolism of the carcinogenic hydrocarbon benzo(a)pyrene in human fibroblast and epithelial cells. II. Differences in metabolism to water‐soluble products and aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity
Authors: Yamasaki Hiroshi , Huberman Eliezer , Sachs Leo 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAryl hydrocarbon (benzo(a)pyrene) hydroxylase (AHH) activity and metabolism of benzo(a)pyrene to water‐soluble products were measured in cultures of body fibroblasts and kidney epithelial cells from different human embryos. AHH activity at 24 h after treatment with or without benz(a)anthracene was determined in cultures from 23 embryos, and 3 days' accumulated metabolism of benzo(a)pyrene to water soluble products was measured in cultures from 18 embryos. The body fibroblasts from the different embryos could be divided into three groups according to the amount of water‐soluble products, but not according to the AHH activity. These three groups were not found by either assay in the cultures of kidney epithelial cells. In both fibroblast and epithelial cells, high metabolism to water‐soluble products was not necessarily associated with high AHH activity. The results extend our previous finding (Huberman and Sachs, 1973) of three presumably genetic groups for BP metabolism to water‐soluble products in human fibroblast but not in epithelial cells and indicate that this grouping was not found in these cells by measuring AHH activity.
Genetic transmission of mammary tumour virus by gr mice
Authors: Van Nie Robertha , Verstraeten A. A. , De Moes J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBy immunodiffusion assay (ID‐test) milk samples of mice of several strains and of F1‐hybrids of the GR strain were tested for the presence of mammary tumour virus (MTV) antigens. The results clearly demonstrated that the presence of viral antigens in the milk of the first lactation period is restricted to mice harbouring endogenous MTV‐GR. Viral antigens were detectable in about 50% of the milk samples collected during the first (occasionally the second) lactation periods of mice of the segregating backcross I (Bc I) populations: DBAf × (DBAf × GR), AKR × (AKR × GR), BALB/c × (BALB/c × GR) and C57BL × (C57BL × GR), indicating that one dominant gene is responsible for the presence of viral antigens in the milk of GR mice. The proposed gene symbol is Mtv‐2. Milk samples from female mice of three different Bc II populations were tested for the occurrence of viral antigens. In the first Bc II: [BALB/c × (BALB/c × GR)] × BALB/c 33 out of 51 mice, descending from ID‐positive mothers, had ID‐positive milk and only one out of 71 mice, which were the progeny of ID‐negative Bc I mothers, was ID‐positive. These results may be influenced by the MTV transmitted extrachromosomally via the milk of the mother. The two other Bc II populations were derived from Bc I fathers, either [BALB/c × (BALB/c × GR)] or [(BALB/c × GR) × BALB/c] f and BALB/c females. The results obtained with these Bc II populations suggested that 6 Bc I fathers were heterozygous for Mtv‐2. Since the segregation ratio (60:29) in the Bc II population (progeny of these 6 Bc I ♂♂) deviates significantly from the expected 1:1 ratio, one may assume extrachromosomal transmission of MTV via the seminal fluid of the father to the progeny. A close correlation was found between the presence of MTV antigens in the milk and the occurrence of both early mammary tumours after hormone treatment and spontaneous mammary tumours before the age of 13 months. These results suggest that the early appearance of mammary tumours in the GR strain and the early expression of MTV antigens in the milk appear to be controlled by the same genetic factors.
Viruses and renal carcinoma of rana pipiens. XV. The presence of virus‐associated membrane antigen(s) on lucké tumor cells
Authors: Naegele R. F. , Granoff A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractVirus‐specific antigens were detected in Lucké turnor cells by indirect immunofluorescence using antiserum prepared against Lucké herpesvirus. Intracellular fluorescence, both cytoplasmic and nuclear, was observed only in acetone:methanol‐fixed tumor cells that contained herpesvirus detected by electron microscopy. The number of positive cells correlated well with the number of cells containing virus. In contrast, both virus‐containing and virus‐free cells exhibited membrane fluorescence when viable unfixed tumor cells were tested. A striking reduction in the number of membrane fluorescent cells was observed with an increase in the length of time that tumor cells were in primary culture. No reaction was observed with a variety of normal R. pipiens cells. Absorption of the antiserum with normal frog kidney tissue had no effect on the number of positive cells whereas absorption with virus‐free tumor reduced the reaction; absorption with virus‐containing tumor eliminated it. These findings provide the first demonstration that the Lucké herpesvirus genome resident in virus‐free tumor cells expresses a virus‐associated membrane antigen(s).
Epstein‐barr virus antibodies in tonsillar carcinoma patients
Authors: Vonka V. , Šibl O. , Suchánková A. , Simonová I. , Závadová H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSera from 18 tonsillar carcinoma patients and from 18 matched control subjects were examined for the presence of antibodies to viral capsid antigen (VCA), early antigen (EA) and nuclear antigen (EBNA) of EB virus. Antibodies to all three antigens were found more frequently and in significantly higher titres in the tonsillar carcinoma patients than in control subjects.
Effect of human leukocyte interferon on the growth of human osteosarcoma cells in tissue culture
Authors: Strander Hans , Einhorn Stefan 
Published: February 2007

AbstractNine osteosarcoma cell lines, originally developed from six osteosarcoma tumours in five patients, and two cell lines of non‐tumour origin (glia and fibro‐blast) were grown in vitro in the presence of human leukocyte interferon (L‐IF). L‐IF exerted a dose‐dependent inhibition of growth in all these lines. The inhibitory activity displayed characteristics typical of interferons. Inhibition of cell growth occurred at a much lower L‐IF concentration for the osteosarcoma than for the non‐tumour‐derived lines. Inhibition of tumour cell growth was observed at concentrations obtained in the serum of osteosarcoma patients treated with interferon.
Chromosome 14 translocation in african and north american burkitt's lymphoma
Authors: Kaiser‐Mccaw Barbara , Epstein Alan L. , Kaplan Henry S. , Hecht Frederick 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTwo established North American Burkitt lymphoma cell lines were studied by chromosomal banding techniques. The SU‐AmB‐1 line previously shown to be negative for the Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) was found to have, among other changes, a translocation from the long arm (q) of chromosome 8 onto 14q. The SU‐AmB‐2 line, which contains the EBV genome, also displayed the same 8/14 translocation. These results were compared with data from three EBV‐positive tumor cell lines derived from patients with African Burkitt's lymphoma. Our findings indicate that a translocation from 8q onto 14q occurs in both African and North American Burkitt lymphomas, and that this abnormality apparently is not related directly to EBV. This chromosome translocation therefore may be an important event in the development of human lymphocytic malignancy, analogous to the occurrence of the Philadelphia chromosome rearrangement in chronic myelogenous leukemia.
Relationship of human natural lymphocyte‐mediated cytotoxicity to cytotoxicity of breast‐cancer‐derived target cells
Authors: Cannon Grace B. , Djeu Julie , Bonnard Guy D. , West William H. , Herberman Ronald B. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMononuclear cells from 115 individuals were tested in a 4‐h chromium release assay against two breast‐cancer‐derived cell lines, G11 and MCF‐7, and a myeloid line, K‐562, shown previously to be sensitive to natural cytotoxicity. These data were analyzed in a manner designed to detect hyperreactivity against the breast cell lines relative to the level of reactivity against K‐562. A high proportion of breast cancer patients were found to be relatively hyperreactive against G11 (12/18 or 67%) and against MCF‐7 (10/18 or 56%). Fibroadenoma patients were very similar to the normal females, with 0/11 hyperreactive to G11 and 1/11 (9%) to MCF‐7. However, several normal males (7/17 or 41%) were hyperreactive to G11 but not to MCF‐7 (2/17 or 12%). Colon cancer and lung cancer patients were also more hyperreactive to G11, 4/8 or 50% and 4/6 or 67%, respectively, than they were to MCF‐7, 1/8 or 13% and 1/6 or 17%, respectively. Only fibrocystic patients resembled the breast cancer patients, with some but not as many individuals being hyperreactive to G11 (3/8 or 38%) and to MCF‐7 (2/8 or 25%). With another group of individuals reproducibility of the method was demonstrated, with only 1/14 or 7% of normal females and 12/17 or 70% of breast cancer patients being hyperreactive to G11. Thus, natural cytotoxicity toward K‐562 can be related to breast cancer‐associated cytotoxicity toward MCF‐7 in a way that distinguishes a majority of brest cancer patients specifically from other groups of individuals.
Radioimmunoassay for the major structural protein of mason‐pfizer monkey virus: Attempts to detect the presence of antigen or antibody in humans
Authors: Charman Howard P. , Rahman Rukhsana , White Martin H. , Kim Nancy , Gilden Raymond V. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe 25,000 dalton protein of Mason‐Pfizer monkey virus (MPMV) was isolated by gel filtration chromatography. In agreement with results from other laboratories, antisera to type‐C and the non‐type‐C bovine leukemia and equine infectious anemia viruses did not precipitate 125I‐labelled MPMV p25. In addition, these viruses did not cross‐react in a competition radioimmunoassay for MPMV p25. Twenty‐one human tissues (15 breast carcinomas, 2 normal breasts, 3 acute myelogenous leukemias and 1 sarcoma) were fractionated by detergent solubilization, ammonium sulfate precipitation, and DE‐52 anion exchange chromatography. These methods were shown to be highly effective for purification of MPMV p25. Under assay conditions which minimized incubation damage to the 125I‐MPMV p25, all tissues failed to react in the competition radioimmunoassay (RIAT). Two hundred and two human sera or plasma specimens, including those from patients with breast cancer and 33 age‐matched controls, from 50 patients with hematologic malignancies, from 12 patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and from 14 patients with systemic lupus erythematosis, were examined for antibodies to MPMV p25. With the exception of two multiple myeloma plasmas which produced artifactual false positive reactions based on hypergammaglobulinemia, a known complication of salt precipitation radioimmunoassays, the remainder of the specimens were negative for evidence of MPMV p25 antibodies.
“sternberg‐reed” giant cells of hodgkin's disease: Cultivation in vitro, heterotransplantation, and characterization as neoplastic macrophages
Authors: Kaplan Henry S. , Gartner Suzanne 
Published: February 2007

AbstractCells from the involved spleens of 25 patients with Hodgkin's disease have been grown in long‐term culture and compared with normal spleen macro‐phage cultures from control cases. The Hodgkin's spleen cell culture contained mono‐, bi‐, and multinucleate giant cells, many closely resembling Sternberg‐Reed cells, which were adherent, phagocytically active and neoplastic by the dual criteria of aneuploidy and heterotransplantability. Lysozyme secretion was consistently observed in all Hodgkin's cultures tested. The giant cells possessed both Fc and complement (C3b) receptors, and lacked lymphocyte markers such as C3d receptors, surface IgM, and the capacity to form E‐rosettes. Binucleate and multinucleate cells, as well as mononuclears, were capable of active DNA synthesis, and binuclear mitotic figures were observed. It is concluded that these cells are the in vitro descendants of the Sternberg‐Reed and Hodgkin neoplastic cell population, and that they are derived from macrophages or closely related cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system.
Origin of embryo‐derived yolk sac carcinomas
Authors: Damjanov Ivan , Škreb Nikola , Sell Stewart 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe origin of yolk sac carcinoma obtained from rat embryos transplanted to extrauterine sites was traced to the extraembryonic portion of 9‐day egg‐cylinders. Under appropriate conditions cells of the extraembryonic portion of the egg cylinder differentiate into cells of parietal yolk sac epithelium, continue to proliferate and form retransplantable malignant tumors. Serum concentrations of alphafetoprotein were elevated in rats bearing yolk sac carcinomas and in some animals bearing teratomas admixed with yolk sac carcinoma. Possible factors that regulate the survival and proliferation of yolk sac epithelium in extrauterine sites are briefly discussed.
Induction by cigarette smoke of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activity in the rat kidney and lung1
Authors: Van Cantfort Jacques , Gielen Jacques 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn both the rat kidney and lung, inhalation of cigarette smoke diluted with air (1/15) for a limited period of time (15 min) specifically induces aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH)<2> in less than 4 h. Up to four successive inhalations administered at 2‐h intervals additively induce both lung and kidney hydroxylase activities. The maximal effect corresponds to about 10 times the control value. Compared to the kidney enzyme, the lung AHH activity is about three or four times more sensitive to small concentrations of cigarette smoke. The biological half‐life of the lung AHH activity is longer than 24 h, while it is only 3–4 h in the kidney. In both tissues, the induced enzyme presents the same in vitro thermolability and sensitivity to various inhibitors. For the establishment of the AHH induction, protein synthesis is continuously required, while RNA synthesis is only necessary during the first 2 h following the smoke treatment.
Depressed in vitro peripheral blood lymphocyte response to mitogens in cancer patients: The role of suppressor cells
Authors: Zembala Marek , Mytar Bozena , Popiela Tadeusz , Asherson Geoffrey L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe reactivity of peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients with advanced malignancy was assessed by mitogen‐induced stimulation of protein synthesis as measured by 3H‐leucine incorporation. It was confirmed that the lymphocyte response of patients was depressed. Furthermore, the lymphocytes of 15 out of 27 cancer patients, selected because of their low responses, inhibited the reactivity of normal lymphocytes in co‐cultures. The lymphocytes from one patient with Hodgkin's disease were also inhibitory. In contrast, lymphocytes from healthy subjects, patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, lymphosarcoma or multiple myeloma caused no suppression. Experiments with purified cell populations from patients with carcinoma indicated that purified T cells responded to mitogens while unseparated lymphocytes failed to respond and that the inhibitory activity was due to adherent cells, presumably monocytes. There was no evidence for B‐cell‐mediated suppression. However, in two cases inhibition was caused by isolated T cells of the patients and not by adherent cells. These experiments suggested that one mechanism for the depression of cell‐mediated immunity seen in patients with advanced cancer may be the nonspecific suppression of certain T‐cell functions by circulating monocytes.
Fibrinolysis associated with human neoplasia: Production of plasminogen activator by human tumours
Authors: Nagy Biserka , Ban Jasna , Brdar Branko 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe plasminogen‐dependent fibrinolytic activity of several human tumours has been studied. The following neoplastic tissues, which were obtained from cancer patients by either surgery or biopsies, were examined: cervical, mammary, prostatic, ovarian, lung carcinomas, melanoma, basalioma. Fibrinolysis was measured in lysates either of tumour tissue specimens or of respective cell cultures. This measurement was based on release of radioactivity from 125I‐fibrin‐coated Petri dishes. All examined tumours showed elevated levels of plasminogen‐dependent fibrinolytic activity. However, normal control tissues had little or no activity. These results indicate that the fibrinolysis might be useful in differentiating between malignant and normal tissues.
Characterization of EBV‐genome negative “null” and “T” cell lines derived from children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and leukemic transformed non‐Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Schneider Ulrich , Schwenk Hans‐Ulrich , Bornkamm Georg 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSixty‐two explants from peripheral blood, bone marrow and cerebral fluid of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and leukemic transformed non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) were cultivated for at least 8 weeks. Although lymphatic cells persisted up to 16 weeks in tissue culture, no proliferation was observed in 54 cultures. From the remaining cultures, eight permanently growing cell lines were obtained. Five of these were EBNA (Epstein‐Barr virus‐specific nuclear antigen)‐positive. Three, however, were EBNA‐negative and lacked Epstein‐Barr virus genomes. Two cell lines (KM‐3 and SH‐2) expressed neither B nor T cell characteristics. One line (JM) expressed T cell characteristics and complement receptors. The growing lymphatic cells represented leukemic cells, since the pattern of cytochemical staining and that of membrane receptors of lymphoblasts from the same donor prior to cultivation were identical. All leukemic cell lines were derived from patients in relapse. In contrast, no proliferation of leukemic cells occurred in explants from patients revealing the first manifestation of the disease. These results suggest enhanced growth potential of lymphoblasts resisting antileukemic therapy.