bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Studies of the factors modulating antidiuretic hormone excretion in man in response to the osmolar stimulus: effects of oestrogen and angiotensin II
Authors: Vallotton Michel B. , Merkelbach Ulrich , Gaillard Rolf C. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of hormones known to regulate fluid and electrolyte balance on the release of antidiuretic hormone induced by raising serum osmolality.
The stimulus provoked by the infusion of a 2.5% NaCl solution induces an increase of urinary [arginine-8]vasopressin from 1.12 to 2.64 ng/h in men and from 1.65 to 7.27 ng/h in women as has been previously reported. These results were compared to those obtained in males infused with angiotensin II (All) before and during a hypertonic sodium load and in males infused with hypertonic saline on the fourth day of administration of ethinyl-oestradiol. During the combined infusion of All and then hypertonic saline, the mean hourly urinary excretion of AVP increased from 2.8 to 5.67 ng/h. Within each group the increase of urinary AVP was highly significant. The rise of urinary AVP during All infusion was significantly different from the rise observed both in untreated males and untreated females, lying in between. The mean hourly excretion rate of AVP increased before and after hypertonic saline loading from 2.65 to 5.3 ng/h in males pre-treated with ethinyl-oestradiol. The significant difference observed between males and females is reduced when males treated with oestrogen were compared to female subjects. In each group plasma renin activity decreased to low values during the salt-loading test. During oestrogen treatment PRA and plasma renin substrate rose, while urinary aldosterone remained almost unchanged.
We conclude that All stimulates the release of AVP in males and potentiates the response of AVP to the osmolar stimulus, and that oestrogen potentiates in man the release of AVP in response to the osmolar stimulus. This oestrogenic effect may account for the observed sex difference.
Iodine kinetics in patients with euthyroid multinodular goitre compared with normal subjects
Authors: Elte J. W. F. , Bussemaker J. K. , Termorshuizen W. , Goslings B. M. , Roelfsema F. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract. In order to investigate whether patients with euthyroid multinodular goitre (EMG) lose more iodine through urinary excretion than is to be expected due to an elevated renal clearance of iodine and/or whether the iodine is handled differently in the thyroid of these patients than in that of normal subjects, the following data were obtained for 33 patients with EMG and 30 normal subjects: thyroid clearance (TC), absolute iodine uptake (AIU), renal 123I clearance (RC) and plasma inorganic iodine (PII).
A significantly lower PII and a higher TC was found in the goitre patients. In the control group PII appeared to be higher and TC and RC lower in the older age group (> 50 years). The difference in PII and TC is most easily explained by a higher iodine uptake in the subgroup of normal subjects over 50 years of age. AIU did not differ in any of the groups.
Thus, it may be concluded that an endogenous iodine deficiency due to elevated renal clearance of 123I is not a factor in sporadic goitre, at least in our patients. At the observed plasma iodine levels a significantly higher AIU was not found for goitrous patients.
A comparison of the effectiveness of 131I whole body scans and plasma Tg determinations in the diagnosis of metastatic differentiated carcinoma of the thyroid: a retrospective study
Authors: Hüfner M. , Stumpf H. P. , Grussendorf M. , Hermann H.J. , Kimmig B. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract. In 68 patients with proved metastases of differentiated thyroid carcinoma the comparative value of the 131I whole body scan and plasma Tg measurements in establishing the diagnosis of metastasis or recurrence was analyzed retrospectively. At the time of primary therapy most metastases were diagnosed by the post-therapy scan (78%). Eight of 9 scintigraphic negative metastases in the post-therapy scan were indicated by elevated Tg levels (> 10 ng/ml). Twenty-four of 28 recurrences after a disease free interval were negative in the 2 mCi 131I scan, 18 of these patients were Tg positive. Of the 4 recurrences with positive 131I uptake all were Tg positive; two of them only during endogenous TSH stimulation.
It is conlcuded that the routine 2 mCi whole body scan is less efficient in follow-up than is generally assumed. The most important follow-up parameter for these patients is the plasma Tg which can be obtained under suppressive therapy if a sensitive assay is used. In patients with a negative post-therapy scan and a negative Tg (< 5 ng/ml) it seems justified to omit further 131I whole body control scans as long as Tg remains negative.
Inhibition of iodide accumulation by perchlorate and thiocyanate in a model of the thyroid iodide transport system
Authors: Saito Koshi , Yamamoto Kunihiro , Takai Takaji , Yoshida Sho 
Published: December 2008

Abstract. The manner of inhibition of thyroid I− accumulation by perchlorate (ClO4−) and thiocyanate (SCN−) was studied using a newly developed biological model of the I− transport system. ClO4− inhibited I− accumulation in phospholipid vesicles made from thyroid plasma membrane and soybean phospholipids by decreasing Na+-dependent I− influx. The anion did not at all induce I− leakage from the vesicles. On the basis of Lineweaver-Burk plot analysis, it did not change Vmax for I− concentration. These results suggest that ClO4− is a competitive inhibitor of thyroid I− transport.
In contrast, SCN− did increase I− leakage from the phospholipid vesicles to diminish I− accumulation. This anion might cause only slight depression of Na+-dependent I− entry, if any. The results do not support the idea that SCN− may be a competitive inhibitor, in spite of the fact that the anion did not change Vmax for I− transport on the basis of Lineweaver-Burk plot analysis.
Nuclear thyroxine and 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine receptors in human mononuclear blood cells during pregnancy
Authors: Kvetny Jan , Poulsen Henning Kvist 
Published: December 2008

Abstract. Serum free T4, free T3, TSH and maximal nuclear binding capacity for T4 and T3 in mononuclear blood cells were measured in 12 control women, in 12 normal pregnant women in the first and in 12 women in the third trimester. Serum free T4 and T3 were decreased in late pregnancy compared to control women, serum free T4: 9.1 pmol/l (mean) vs 12.9 pmol/l (mean); serum free T3: 4.0 pmol/l (mean) vs 6.2 pmol/l (mean), without any change in TSH levels: 2.2 mU/l (mean) vs 1.8 mU/l (mean). Concomitantly, the maximal nuclear binding capacity for both T4 and T3 increased, T4: 2.7 fmol T4/100 μg DNA vs 1.8 fmol T4/100 μg DNA; T3: 2.8 fmol T3/100 μg DNA vs 2.0 fmol T3/100 μg DNA.
These data, obtained from healthy women during a normal pregnancy are compatible with mild compensated hypothyroidism. We suggest that euthyroidism are maintained by the increased maximal nuclear binding capacity for these hormones.
Effect of cimetidine on serum carboxyl and aminoterminal fragments of parathyroid hormone in chronic uraemic patients
Authors: Dupont P. , Carlier B. , Marchetti M. , Ducobu J. , Van der Donckt C. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract. The effect of cimetidine on abnormally elevated serum levels of parathyroid hormone was studied in 21 patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism due to chronic renal failure, receiving regular dialysis treatment.
The concentrations of carboxyl (-COOH) and aminoterminal (-NH2) fragments of circulating immunoreactive parathyroid hormone (iPTH) were determined before and after 2 months af treatment with cimetidine 400 mg/day.
All patients had, on admission, raised levels of either hormonal fragment. The mean pre-treatment value was 17.2 mU/ml for -COOH terminus (upper normal limit 6.5 mU/ml) and 5.7 mU/ml for -NH2 terminus (upper normal limit 1.9 mU/ml). At the end of cimetidine treatment the mean values were 19.9 and 5.7 mU/ml respectively for the two forms of circulating iPTH. No changes in total serum calcium, phosphate or alkaline phosphatase activity were recorded during the study.
These results do not indicate any lowering effect of cimetidine on serum iPTH in chronic uraemic patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism.
Effect of a GnRH analogue on rat granulosa cell lactate production in vitro
Authors: Billig Håkan , Rani C. S. Sheela , Ekholm Carl , Magnusson Claes , Hillensjö Torbjörn 
Published: December 2008

Abstract. The effect of a GnRH analogue ((D-Ala6, des-Gly10-NH2)-GnRH-ethylamide,GnRHa) on granulosa and cumulus cell glycolysis in presence or absence of FSH was studied. Cumulus complexes and granulosa cells from PMSG-treated rats were cultured in Eagle's minimal essential medium (MEM) for a period of 72 h. Media were changed at 24 and 48 h and lactate content was assayed by fluorimetry.
GnRHa alone stimulated lactate production in granulosa cells. GnRH combined with FSH increased lactate production in granulosa cells during the 0–24 h period and decreased it during the 48–72 h period as compared to FSH alone. GnRHa did not stimulate lactate production in cumulus complexes during 72 h culture in MEM, while FSH did. In a less complex culture medium, BMOC, GnRHa caused a small increase in lactate production and slightly enhanced the FSH effect.
In conclusion, GnRHa has a direct stimulatory effect on granulosa cell glycolysis. GnRHa also modulates the FSH stimulation of granulosa cells biphasically, i.e. early enhancement (0–24 h) and late inhibition (48–72 h). GnRHa has no consistent direct effects on cumulus cell glycolysis.
Impaired circadian rhythmicity of β-lipotrophin, β-endorphin and ACTH in heroin addicts
Authors: Facchinetti F. , Grasso A. , Petraglia F. , Parrini D. , Volpe A. , Genazzani A. R. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract. The circadian rhythm of plasma proopiocortin-related peptides was studied in 15 heroin addicts and in 6 sex- and age-matched controls. ACTH, β-lipotrophin, (β-LPH), β-endorphin (β-EP) and cortisol were measured by RIA either directly (cortisol), or after plasma extraction (ACTH) and Sephadex G-75 gel chromatography (β-LPH and β-EP) every 4 h from 8 a.m. to 8 p.m. and again at 8 a. m. the next morning.
The means of the two 8 a.m. measurements of β-LPH (2.67 ± 0.34 fmol/ml, mean ± se), ACTH (2.74 ± 0.71) and cortisol (218 ± 31 pmol/ml) levels in heroin addicts were significantly lower than those in controls (6.28 ± 0.61, 10.1 ± 0.74 and 364 ± 27, respectively, P < 0.01) while β-EP concentrations in heroin addicts (5.1 ± 0.6) were similar to those of healthy volunteers (6.44 ± 0.56). In controls, all three peptides and cortisol show a circadian rhythm of secretion, the lowest values being in the evening and the highest ones in the morning. Heroin addicts partially lack this phenomenon showing constant levels of the three proopiocortin-related peptides throughout the day, with a slight but significant decrease of plasma cortisol.
In the 7 subjects who took heroin throughout the study, no systematic changes were observed in the three proopiocortin-related peptides, while it seems that this group of addicts shows a cortisol decrease in the evening to a lesser extent than subjects receiving methadone maintenance only.
These data show a decreased basal β-LPH, ACTH and cortisol secretion in heroin addicts, despite normal β-EP levels. This would indicate that anterior pituitary proopiocortin synthesis and/or secretion is affected in these subjects, and that there is also some impairment in the structures controlling the circadian rhythmicity of ACTH and related peptides.
Relation of immunoreactive gastric inhibitory polypeptide to changes in glycaemic control and B cell function in Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus
Authors: Krarup Thure , Madsbad Sten , Regeur Lisbeth , Faber Ole K. , Tronier Bente 
Published: December 2008

Abstract. The effect of strict glycaemic control on plasma immunoreactive gastric inhibitory polypeptide IR-GIP) concentrations and pancreatic B cell function as estimated by plasma C-peptide was evaluated in 14 Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetics. The effect was estimated by giving a test meal before (test 1) and after (test 2) 1 week with near normal blood glucose control (mean blood glucose 6.7 ± 0.2 mmol/l) and again 3 weeks later (test 3) in the outpatient clinic. The glycaemic control was significantly improved at test 2 and test 3 compared with that of test 1. The IR-GIP concentrations before and after the meals were similar at all three tests and not different from those found in 21 normal controls. In 8 patients with a significant B cell response at test 1, B cell function was significantly improved both at test 2 and test 3 but no change in fasting or post-prandial IR-GIP concentrations was found and no correlation between B cell function and IR-GIP existed.
We conclude that strict glycaemic control improves B cell function but does not modulate plasma IR-GIP concentrations. Factors other than GIP seem to be of greater importance in determining the magnitude of B cell function in Type 1 diabetes.
Subcellular distribution of zinc in the benign and malignant human prostate: evidence for a direct zinc androgen interaction
Authors: Leake Alan , Chrisholm Geoffrey D. , Busuttil Anthony , Habib Fouad K. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract. The subcellular distribution of zinc and its interaction with androgens has been examined in the benign and malignant human prostate. Endogenously, most of the zinc was associated with the nuclear fraction but significant concentrations were also found in the cytosol. Furthermore, the epithelium contained more zinc than that found in either the stroma or the intact gland. Zinc concentrations were lower in the subcellular fractions of the cancerous tissue when compared to hyperplastic specimens.
In vitro uptake of zinc into prostatic homogenates was rapid and at equilibrium the binding was stable for both the 4°C and the 37°C incubations. At low zinc concentrations (≤ 5 mm) the uptake was higher in the nucleus, whereas at higher concentrations, the cancerous tissue exhibited a greater capacity for the metal which was predominantly retained by the cytosol. Our data suggest the presence of a saturable zinc retention mechanism in the nucleus. The zinc uptake was found to be independent of any added androgen. In contrast, the total androgen uptake by the prostate was significantly enhanced by the addition of zinc. This effect was not due to increases in the nuclear and cytosolic receptor binding since zinc inhibited the binding of the androgen to these receptors.
Two cases of hereditary diabetes insipidus, with an autopsy finding in one
Authors: Nagai Isamu , Li Ching Huai , Hsieh Shao Ming , Kizaki Tomohiko , Urano Yoshinori 
Published: December 2008

Abstract. Two cases of hereditary diabetes insipidus (DI) are described, with an autopsy finding in one. The patients were brothers and 7 other relatives had symptoms of DI. The transmission of the disease in this family seemed to be an autosomal dominant trait with incomplete penetration. Both patients had the incomplete type of DI, which is diagnosed by the response of plasma AVP and the change in Uosm/Posm to 14 h water deprivation. The post-mortem examination in Case 1 showed that there was no atrophy of the supraoptic nucleus and paraventricular nucleus, but immunohistochemical studies revealed, that the paraventricular nucleus scarcely had any vasopressin positive cells in contrast to an autopsy control.
This finding suggests that there may be a congenital defect in AVP synthesis in some cases of hereditary DI.
Anti-TSH receptor antibodies in Graves' disease modulate the kinetic behaviour of autologous thyroid TSH receptors. Evidence of the IgG-induced cross-linkage of autologous TSH receptors
Authors: de Bruin Tjerk W. A. , van der Heide Daan , Krol Maria C. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract. The effect of the anti-TSH receptor antibodies present in the sera of 8 patients with Graves' disease on the affinity constant (Ka) and the number (R) of TSH receptors in autologous human thyroid plasma membranes was investigated. Kinetic analysis of [125I]bTSH binding to human thyroid plasma membranes in the presence of autologous Graves' and normal gammaglobulins was carried out by means of a computer fitting programme. Analysis of the TSH-TSH receptor interaction in the presence of TSH alone yielded curvilinear Scatchard plots, indicating the existence of two independent classes of binding sites (high affinity Ka: 8.5 ± 4.8 × 108 m−1; low affinity Ka: 5.3 ± 2.7 × 106 m−1). Similarly the Scatchard plot for this interaction in the presence of normal gammaglobulins is also curvilinear. Linear Scatchard plots, indicating the existence of only one class of high affinity TSH binding sites (Ka: 3.5 ± 1.8 × 108 m−1), were obtained for both autologous gammaglobulins and pure IgG from 8 patients with Graves' disease. The number of high affinity TSH binding sites in the presence of Graves' gammaglobulins had increased on the average by a factor 3.76 ± 0.74 (sd) with respect to the number found in the presence of normal gammaglobulins. This marked change in the kinetic behaviour of the TSH binding sites provided evidence that there is a direct interaction between anti-TSH receptor antibodies and autologous TSH receptors.
Divalency of Graves' IgG or linkage of Fab fragments by anti-Fab antiserum proved to be necessary to produce this specific change in the kinetic behaviour of TSH binding sites. Graves' IgG monovalent Fab and Fc fragments had no effect. We suggest that the mechanism by which anti-TSH receptor antibodies in Graves' disease mimick the biological action of TSH is the IgG-induced cross-linkage of TSH receptors.
The value of β-lipotrophin measurement during the short metyrapone test in patients with pituitary diseases and in Cushing's syndrome
Authors: Abou-Samra A. B. , Fevre-Montange M. , Pugeat M. , Dechaud H. , Chalendar D. , Estour B. , Tourniaire J. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract. Serum 11-deoxycortisol (S) determination has been used to evaluate the pituitary adrenal response to the short metyrapone (MTP) test. The validity of this indirect evaluation of corticotrophin ACTH reserve has been questioned since the MTP-induced S elevation may reflect a passive accumulation rather than an ACTH activated adrenal response. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of serum β-lipotrophin (β-LPH) measurement during the short midnight MTP test (30 mg/kg body weight) in patients with pituitary diseases (n = 36) and in patients with Cushing's syndrome (n = 8). In 28/36 patients with pituitary diseases both S and β-LPH concentrations were increased normally by MTP. In 8/36 patients the β-LPH response was lacking, while their serum S concentrations increased significantly. The absence of β-LPH response to MTP in these 8 patients was in good agreement with the diagnosis of ACTH insufficiency because in 7 of them the cortisol response to insulin induced hypoglycaemia was also insufficient.
In the 8 patients with Cushing's syndrome serum S concentration increased following MTP administration in all the cases. In 2 with adrenal adenoma the increase of S level was an ACTH-independent phenomenon, since β-LPH level was undetectable both before and after MTP administration. In 2 patients with ectopic ACTH secretion, the basal β-LPH concentrations were high and remained unmodified by MTP administration. In the 4 patients with Cushing's disease, MTP administration resulted in a dramatic increase of β-LPH concentration. We conclude that β-LPH measurement improves the utility of the short MTP test for investigation of pituitary adrenal function.
Prolonged combined in vivo pre-treatment with luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LRH) and oestradiol benzoate causes long-lasting suppression of the autonomous and the LRH-stimulated secretion of luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone. An in vitro study
Authors: Schuiling G. A. , Moes H. , Koiter T. R. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract. The effect of a combined in vivo pre-treatment with luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LRH) and oestradiol benzoate (EB) on the autonomous and the 'supra-maximally' LRH-stimulated in vitro release of LH and FSH by pituitary glands of 2 weeks ovariectomized (OVX) rats was studied using a perifusion system. The concentration of LRH in the perifusion medium was 1 μg/ml.
Pre-treatment with LRH during 6 days was effected by means of sc implanted Alzet® osmotic minipumps (MP). Control rats received a piece of silastic with the dimesions of a minipump ('sham-pump'; Sh-P). EB, 3 μg/injection or solvent (arachis oil) was sc injected on days –3 and –1 (day of perifusion: day 0).
Of the pituitary glands of EB-injected, Sh-P-implanted rats both the autonomous and the LRH-stimulated secretion of LH and the LRH-stimulated secretion of FSH were significantly higher than those of the oil-injected, Sh-P-implanted rats without EB administration. Pretreatment with LRH for 6 days had a suppressing effect on the autonomous and the LRH-induced depletion of the pituitary LH and FSH stores. In combination with EB, the suppressing effect of LRH pre-treatment on the LRH-stimulated secretion of LH and FSH was still greater: the pituitary gland appeared to be fixed in a relatively unresponsive state with very low autonomous LH and FSH secretion.
It is discussed that increase of pituitary LRH-responsiveness due to EB demands withdrawal of the pituitary gland from the influence of LRH, an effect which is in vivo achieved by the negative feedback of oestrogen on the hypothalamus.
Precocity of the endothelial proliferation during a course of rapid goitrogenesis
Authors: Many M.-C. , Denef J.-F. , Haumont S. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract. Thyroid hyperplasia was induced in C3H mice by a low iodine diet feeding supplemented with propylthiouracil. The morphological modifications associated to the development of hyperplasia were analyzed at light microscopical level and the cellular proliferation was studied by autoradiography after a pulse labelling with [3H]thymidine.
The initial modification during the course of hyperplasia is the development of the vascularization. It includes the dilatation of the capillaries, which occurs before any extended modification of the follicular cells and any change of the thyroid weight, and the proliferation of endothelial cells which starts earlier than that of follicular cells.
Evidence of altered dopaminergic modulation of Prl, LH, FSH, GH and TSH secretion during chronic partial dopamine receptor blockade in normal women
Authors: Hagen Claus , Andersen Anders Nyboe , Djursing Henning 
Published: December 2008

Abstract. In order to study the influence of chronic, partial dopaminergic blockade on pituitary secretion of Prl, TSH, GH, LH and FSH, 8 normally menstruating women were given metochlopramide (MTC, Primperan®) 7.5 mg daily for 4 weeks. Based on weekly measurements of progesterone, all cycles were ovulatory. Prior to and after 4 weeks of drug administration serial measurements of basal hormone levels as well as the acute alterations after 10 mg of MTC iv were assessed during the early follicular phase. Chronic MTC administration significantly increased serum Prl (P < 0.02), reduced basal levels of LH (P < 0.02), whereas basal serum concentrations of TSH, GH and FSH were not changed. Before chronic administration iv MTC evoked significant increments in serum Prl (P < 0.001), TSH (P < 0.001) and GH (P < 0.005). The acute TSH increments were significantly (P < 0.02) diminished after 4 weeks of treatment.
The influence of chronic MTC administration on serum LH and TSH levels may be the result of a competitive effect of a stimulatory influence of the dopamine receptor blocker and an opposing inhibitory influence of an increased hypothalamic dopamine activity, evoked by the MTC induced hyperprolactinaemia. Our data favour that the latter mechanism is dominating in normal women, during chronic administration of a low dose of MTC.