bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biomass‐Derived Cu‐Catalyzed General C—X (X = C, N, O) Bond Formation: Carbenoid Insertion Reactions of C—H, N—H, O—H Bond and Late‐stage Functionalization of Drug Molecules†
Authors: Qin Fuhua , Xue Wenxuan , Tang Conghui 
Published: February 2025

Comprehensive SummaryThe development of sustainable and efficient catalytic systems for the formation C—C, C—N, C—O bonds is a fundamental goal in modern synthetic chemistry. We present a biomass‐derived Cu/Chitosan‐800 catalyst that facilitates a range of carbenoid insertion reactions into C—H, N—H, and O—H bonds. This catalyst demonstrates remarkable activity, enabling the functionalization of diverse substrates, including the late‐stage modification of drug molecules with up to 95% yield and good recyclability. Our findings highlight the catalyst's potential in advancing environmentally friendly chemical transformations, offering a promising tool for pharmaceutical synthesis and organic synthesis.
HSPG2 could promote normal haematopoiesis in acute myeloid leukaemia patients after complete remission by repairing bone marrow endothelial progenitor cells
Authors: Li Chen‐Yuan , Wang Zhen‐Kun , Xing Tong , Shen Meng‐Zhu , Zhang Xin‐Yan , Chen Dan‐Dan , Wang Yu , Jiang Hao , Jiang Qian , Huang Xiao‐Jun , Kong Yuan 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBackgroundEven after achieving complete remission (CR), many acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) patients suffer from poor haematopoietic recovery after chemotherapy. Previous studies have shown that the damage of bone marrow endothelial progenitor cell (BM EPC) hinders haematopoietic recovery after chemotherapy in mice. Therefore, elucidation of the mechanism and repair strategy of chemotherapy‐induced BM EPC damage is urgent needed.MethodsThe prospective case–control study enrolled 40 AML patients after CR (CR patients), who received idarubicin and cytarabine (IA) regimen (n = 20), or homoharringtonine, aclarubicin and cytarabine (HAA) regimen (n = 20) as induction chemotherapy, and their age‐matched healthy controls (HCs, n = 20). The HSPG2 expression level in BM EPCs and BM plasma were determined via flow cytometry and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays. The BM EPC's functions were evaluated by apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, migration and tube formation assays. The haematopoiesis‐supporting ability and leukaemia cell‐supporting ability of BM EPCs were assessed through coculture assay. Moreover, RNA sequencing and qPCR were performed to further explore the underlying mechanism.ResultsHSPG2 levels decreased in both the BM plasma and BM EPCs of CR patients after IA and HAA induction chemotherapy. Moreover, the BM EPC's functions of CR patients were reduced. In vitro experiments demonstrated that the HSPG2 gene knockdown or cytosine arabinoside treatment led to BM EPC dysfunction, whereas the HSPG2 treatment promoted repair of the BM EPC function in vitro. In addition, we found that the HSPG2 treatment restored the BM EPC function from CR patients without affecting their leukaemia cell‐supporting ability. Mechanistically, BM EPC functions and haematopoietic regulation‐related genes were significantly decreased after the HSPG2 gene knockdown.ConclusionOur findings demonstrate a significant role of HSPG2 in BM EPC functions. This discovery uncovers that HSPG2 is a potential therapeutic target for promoting the BM EPC function of AML‐CR patients after chemotherapy.Highlights
The HSPG2 level in the BM EPCs of AML‐CR patients was decreased, which was related to the reduced BM EPC function.
HSPG2 knockdown or Ara‐C intervention reduced the HSPG2 level and led to BM EPC dysfunction, which could be restored by HSPG2 treatment in vitro.
HSPG2 treatment restored the BM EPC function of AML‐CR patients without affecting their leukaemia cell‐supporting ability.
A 3D High‐Resolution Joint Location and Beamforming Prediction Model for IRS‐Aided Wireless Networks
Authors: Ranjan Mati Gyana , Das Susmita 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTFifth generation and beyond (5GB) technology requires low latency, high capacity, and constant connectivity for safety and reliable service. Multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) and millimeter wave (mmWave) technologies can help meet these needs. However, MIMO can cause extra overhead due to massive channel feedback, and mmWave signals weaken over short distances, leading to limited coverage. Intelligent reflecting surfaces (IRSs) and highly directive active beamforming are recommended to address coverage and overhead issues. Most IRS research focuses on optimizing phase shifts in two dimensions. This paper introduces a three‐dimensional model to jointly evaluate user location and IRS phase shift optimization. Additionally, phase constants are derived from optimal phase shifts to limit training overhead. A random forest learning algorithm is proposed, using optimal phase constants and codebook indices to train for each estimated location. Data transmission utilizes the Doppler effect to predict the possible locations of a user. In this way, the trained model can perform high‐resolution joint beamforming for the current and future locations of the user. Simulation results show that the model accurately predicts phase shifts without needing channel state information while keeping complexity and training overhead low.
Validating Online Parent‐ and Self‐Report Screening Methods for Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder
Authors: Ortiz Shelby N. , White Jennifer P. , MacDermod Casey M. , Dinkler Lisa , Thornton Laura M. , Johnson Jessica , Guintivano Jerry D. , Baker Jessica H. , Bulik Cynthia M. , Micali Nadia , Pisetsky Emily M. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTObjectiveAlthough several assessments have been developed to diagnose or measure avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) symptoms, few studies have validated these tools in nonclinical and adult samples. This study explored the validity of two self‐ and parent/guardian‐report ARFID screening measures in identifying adults and children who may have ARFID within a large community sample.MethodFifty participants (divided into two groups: 25 adults and 25 parents/guardians of children) were selected from the ARFID Genes and Environment study, which enrolled over 3000 adults and parents/guardians of children who screened positive for ARFID on either the Pica, ARFID, and Rumination Disorder Interview–ARFID Questionnaire (PARDI‐AR‐Q) or the Nine Item ARFID Screen (NIAS) self‐ and parent/guardian‐report measures. Participants then completed the ARFID portion of the Pica, ARFID, and Rumination Disorder Interview (PARDI) to determine ARFID diagnosis.ResultsCorrelations between the PARDI‐AR‐Q and PARDI (r = 0.31–0.67) were weaker than the correlations between the NIAS and PARDI (r = 0.53–0.64) in both groups. The diagnostic positive predictive value for the PARDI‐AR‐Q was numerically higher (adults = 55.0%; parents/guardians = 76.0%) than the NIAS (adults = 45.8%; parents/guardians = 64.0%). Most PARDI‐AR‐Q dimensions and all NIAS dimensions were significant predictors of their corresponding PARDI dimensions in both groups.DiscussionThe PARDI‐AR‐Q more accurately identified adults and children with ARFID, whereas the NIAS was a better estimator of ARFID symptoms. These findings provide partial support for using these self‐ and parent/guardian‐report screeners. Results highlight the need to better understand diagnostic presentations of ARFID within community samples, particularly in adults, and to refine these tools within those populations.
Seasonal Variation in the β‐Diversity of Periphytic Algae and Its Response to Landscape Patterns in the Chishui River, a Naturally Flowing Tributary of the Upper Yangtze River
Authors: Tang Xiaopeng , He Haoyun , Qin Qiang , Xu Fei , Liu Fei , Zhang Fubin 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTUnderstanding biodiversity is essential for preserving the stability of river ecosystems. However, the impact of landscape configurations and seasonal variations on biodiversity within undammed river ecosystems remains unexplored. Therefore, we selected the Chishui River—a naturally flowing tributary of the upper Yangtze River—for a survey of periphytic algae. The present study focuses on the seasonal fluctuations in the β‐diversity of periphytic algae within the Chishui River and its correlation with the surrounding landscape patterns. Our findings indicate that there is a substantial influence of seasonal variations on the community structure and β‐diversity of these algae within the Chishui River ecosystem. Concurrently, we observed that the turnover component predominantly contributes to β‐diversity. In light of these findings, we recommend that conservation measures be implemented across the entire Chishui River basin to safeguard the regional biodiversity. Redundancy analysis elucidated that water temperature, conductivity, and pH were the primary environmental drivers shaping the structure of periphytic algal communities. Furthermore, additional analyses using a random forest model indicated that landscape fragmentation and complexity were key determinants of β‐diversity in algal communities. Notably, the number of landscape patches was strongly correlated with the β‐diversity of periphytic algae. It is important to highlight that maintaining an optimal balance between the number of patches and their size is crucial for enhancing the ecosystem's capacity to preserve biodiversity. In summary, our findings provide insights into the interplay between biodiversity and land‐use practices within complex riverine environments, thereby offering a scientific foundation for the conservation and management of these ecosystems.
Synthesis of Benzoxazoles by Metal‐Free Oxidative Cyclization of Catechols with Amines
Authors: Liu Feng , Wang Wan , Dong Jianyu , Wu Shaofeng , Su Lebin , Zhou Yongbo 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBenzoxazoles are crucial in pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and functional materials. Their simple, economical, green, and efficient synthesis has attracted long‐standing interest in synthetic chemistry. Herein, we present an extremely simple strategy for constructing benzoxazoles via the direct oxidative cyclization of readily available catechols and primary amines, using DDQ/EA and O₂/water oxidative systems, respectively. The DDQ/EA system demonstrates distinct advantages in substrate and functional group compatibility. In contrast, the O₂/water system, which is milder, greener, and more economical, excels in synthesizing C‐2 alkyl‐substituted benzoxazoles. Overall, these two systems provide complementary advantages and are both well‐suited for gram‐scale synthesis. Given its high simplicity and practicality, this strategy could serve as a promising alternative in benzoxazole synthesis.
Practical experience and challenges in nutritional management of glucose transporter 1 deficiency syndrome: Provider survey results
Authors: Lehner‐Gulotta Diana , Blackford Robyn , Bessone Stacey , Lowman Wesley , Haggerty Nicole , Huang Chu‐Yi , Axeen Erika T. ,   the Ketogenic Dietitians Research Network
Published: February 2025

AbstractKetogenic diets (KDs) are recommended as precision therapy for glucose transporter 1 deficiency syndrome (GLUT‐1 DS) but there are no recommendations for optimal implementation in this population. We administered an online survey targeting clinicians with experience implementing KDs in GLUT‐1 DS, focusing on diet selection, initiation, and management. Respondents were primarily experienced registered dietitian nutritionists (RDNs) from 34 centers in 10 countries. Most reported a preference for carbohydrate counting or ratios under 3:1. KD‐related laboratory monitoring (including blood ketones) and vitamin/mineral supplementation did not differ for GLUT‐1 DS patients compared to the epilepsy population. Routine use of exogenous ketones was not endorsed for improved ketosis, whereas MCT oil is a commonly used supplement. Respondents overwhelmingly endorsed discussing and implementing gastrostomy feedings to support continued dietary therapy when medically indicated. Most but not all providers (80%) were familiar with the 2020 consensus guidelines. Our survey demonstrates practice variability among experienced dietitians, particularly in diet type and ratio. Identified challenges carry clinical significance, as the diet is a precision therapy in GLUT1‐DS. Further research is needed to examine the outcomes of different approaches to KDs in GLUT‐1 DS before consensus about the most effective interventions can be reached.Plain Language SummaryGlucose transporter deficiency syndrome is a genetic condition caused by an inability to move sugar (glucose) into the brain, which is needed for proper brain function. Ketogenic diets (low in carbohydrate and high in fat) are the established treatment to help control symptoms. Although the diet is effective, it can be challenging. To understand these challenges, we surveyed experts in ketogenic diet management and found significant variability regarding specifics of how the diet is managed. More research is needed before one approach can be endorsed as most effective.
Performance Analysis of Binary and Ternary Blends of Ammonia, Hydrogen, and Diesel in Compression Ignition Engine
Authors: Kumar Laveet , Sleiti Ahmad K. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTCompression ignition (CI) engines have caused a surge in carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions. Therefore, binary blends of hydrogen (H2) and diesel in different ratios are predominantly focused in literature to mitigate these emissions. Extensive research has been carried out using binary blends of H2 and diesel, but still, there is a lack of research on performance analysis of binary and ternary blends of ammonia (NH3), H2, and diesel in CI engines. Therefore, this research article examines various blends to determine various key performance parameters such as brake thermal efficiency (BTE), brake mean effective pressure (BMEP), brake torque, brake‐specific fuel consumption (BSFC), and NOx emissions with and without exhaust gas recirculation (EGR). This research introduces a model of a single‐cylinder CI engine developed within the Ricardo wave program, which was simulated across a range of ratios for binary and ternary blends. The simulations were conducted at a compression ratio of 21 and engine speed from 500 to 3000 rpm. Validation of the developed model is carried out against experimental data reported in the literature, and the absolute error was less than 5%, which validates the accuracy of the developed model. Results show that the BTE increases rapidly from 28% to 38% for the investigated binary blends (with 10% NH3 to 90%) and 25% to 40% for the investigated ternary blended fuels at engine load from 500 to 2000 rpm, respectively. The maximum efficiency is observed in the case of 50% diesel and 50% NH3 (D50A50) for the binary blends and 50% diesel, 25% NH3 and 25% H2 (D50A25H25) for the ternary blends. However, D50A50 and D50A25H25 exhibit 20% and 30% increased levels of NOx compared to diesel, respectively, particularly at higher engine speeds. However, when EGR is implemented at 25%, there is a substantial reduction in NOx concentration.
The Coating Effect of Persian Gum (Zedo Gum) Containing Lactobacillus sakei on the Beef Quality Parameters During Storage at Refrigerator Temperature
Authors: Nemati Mohammad Hasan , Alian Samakkhah Shohreh , Partovi Razieh , Isvand Abbas 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTCoatings with antibacterial properties, integrated with biological agents, offer a novel and promising strategy for preserving meat products. This study investigates the effect of Persian gum (PG) coating containing Lactobacillus sakei bacteria on beef quality during refrigerated storage. Beef loin pieces were divided into five groups (control, 1% PG, 2% PG, and 1% and 2% PG with L. sakei bacteria). The groups were evaluated for microbial, chemical, and sensory tests at specific periods (days 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8). The results of the microbial analysis (the mean LAB count) revealed that the quality of meat significantly (p < 0.05) improved in the presence of L. sakei coatings, ranging from 6.08 to 7.31 log10 CFU/g in different treatment groups at the end of the experiment. Additionally, coatings containing L. sakei significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the microbial counts of mesophilic, psychrophilic, and Enterobacteriaceae bacteria, resulting in an extended shelf life of at least 8 days. The chemical findings indicated that increases in pH values (ranging from 5.98 to 6.57), total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB‐N) levels (from 18.30 to 32.33 mg N/g), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARs) (from 2.16 to 4.12 mg MDA/kg), and protein carbonyl (PC) concentrations (from 1.33 to 2.05 nmol/mg protein) during storage at 4°C were ranked as follows: PG 2% + L. sakei < PG 1% + L. sakei < PG 2% < PG 1% < control. Additionally, overall acceptability, texture, odor, and color were significantly higher in the groups coated with L. sakei than in other groups. Based on the results, the groups covered with PG and L. sakei indicated that the quality and safety of beef increased and extended the shelf life of meat. In conclusion, PG solution containing L. sakei bacteria can be recommended as a new method for beef packaging.
Relating Functional Connectivity and Alcohol Use Disorder: A Systematic Review and Derivation of Relevance Maps for Regions and Connections
Authors: Bottino Marco , Bocková Natálie , Poller Nico W. , Smolka Michael N. , Böhmer Justin , Walter Henrik , Marxen Michael 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTAlcohol Use Disorder (AUD), a prevalent and potentially severe psychiatric condition, is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality. This systematic review investigates the relationship between AUD and resting‐state functional connectivity (rsFC) derived from functional magnetic resonance imaging data. Following the PRISMA guidelines, a comprehensive search yielded 248 papers, and a screening process identified 39 studies with 73 relevant analyses. Using the automated anatomical labeling atlas for whole‐brain parcellation, relevance maps were generated to quantify associations between brain regions and their connections with AUD. These outcomes are based on the frequency with which significant findings are reported in the literature, to deal with the challenge of methodological diversity between analyses, including sample sizes, types of independent rsFC features, and AUD measures. The analysis focuses on whole‐brain studies to mitigate selection biases associated with seed‐based approaches. The most frequently reported regions include the middle and superior frontal gyri, the anterior cingulate cortex, and the insula. The generated relevance maps can serve as a valuable tool for formulating hypotheses and advancing our understanding of AUD's neural correlates in the future. This work also provides a template on how to quantitatively summarize a diverse literature, which could be applied to more specific aspects of AUD, including craving, relapse, binge drinking, or other diseases.
Hydraulic Performance of Measurement‐Control Integrated Side Sluice Gates Under Subcritical Flow Conditions
Authors: Liu Tiantian , Wu Wenyong , Li Ziming , Hu Yaqi , Guo Aike 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe lack of a precise flow measurement device for terminal irrigation channel diversion often results in significant inaccuracies. To address this issue, a wide‐bottom sill flow measurement device, the ‘measurement‐control integrated side sluice gate’ (MCIS), was developed to facilitate accurate flow measurement. This study investigated the hydraulic characteristics and mechanism of lateral flow in the MCIS, including flow regimes, changes in water surface profiles and assessments of head losses. Discharge equations for the MCIS were then created via dimensional analysis and multiple nonlinear regression, and their accuracy was assessed and validated. The findings reveal that at high relative openings (e/H1), the flow through the MCIS follows weir flow characteristics, whereas at low e/H1 ratios, it exhibits orifice flow behaviour. The transition point between these flow regimes, identified as the critical relative opening (e/H1)c, is 0.84. The overall accuracy of flow measurement using the MCIS gate structure is 4%, with the weir flow equation achieving an average accuracy of 1.4%, surpassing the accuracy of the rectangular sharp‐crested side weir flow measurement equation by more than 2.5 times. Similarly, the average accuracy of the orifice flow equation is 4%, which is 1.1 times higher than that of the rectangular spire side orifice.
Genomic landscaping of receptor tyrosine kinase ALK with highly frequent rearrangements in cancers
Authors: Ye Wei , Ou Wen‐Bin 
Published: February 2025

AbstractAnaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) fusion tyrosine kinases (TKs) are commonly found in various cancers and are considered as promising targets for therapy due to their intricate biological processes. However, the reasons for the higher frequency of ALKs fusion compared to other TKs are not well elucidated. Physicochemical properties, secondary and tertiary structures, and phylogenetic trees, along with protein sequence alignments of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) and ALK fused partner genes, were examined using the resources provided by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) and the Catalogue of Somatic Mutations in Cancer (COSMIC). Sequence alignments were performed to identify common sequences between partner genes and search for common breakpoints within the COSMIC database. ALK is a large, unstable, acidic protein with similarly conservation among RTKs. ALK fusion partners are mostly acidic, unstable proteins, mostly consisting of α‐helices and random coil. However, EML4 and NPM1 are the most frequently occurring partner genes and have their own unique structural characteristics. By functional domain analysis, we found that the functions of the first half of the ALK partner gene (the part fused to ALK) are mostly focused on signaling. ALK is identified as a large hydrophilic protein，exhibits a higher proportion of random coils. Compared to other RTKs, ALK has fewer structural domains (PTKC_ALK_LTK domain). Pairwise comparison with fusion partner genes revealed a conserved sequence predicted to have structural stability and act as a common binding site for nucleases. Exon 20 of ALK is a fusion frequent site according to COSMIC database analysis. The structural instability of ALK and partner genes, coupled with the inherent variability of breakpoint sequences, leads to the formation of potent kinase‐activated oncogenes, which play a critical role in tumorigenesis. While the occurrence of ALK fusions with partner genes is random, specific combinations lead to the generation of oncogenes.