bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling Moving Geospatial Objects from an Event‐based Perspective
Authors: Hornsby Kathleen Stewart , Cole Stephen 
Published: July 2007

AbstractIn this paper, the dynamic happenings or occurrents experienced by entities in a geospatial domain, are modeled aseventsand from an analysis of these events, we show how meaningful information about the movement of objects can be abstracted. The semantics of moving objects are captured based on different events, for example, specialized events, such asdeparture,arrival,orunexpected destination events.The paper presents an approach for abstracting patterns of movement from event sequences based on key attributes: object identity, event description, and event location. A set of eight possible event pattern types are distinguished and discussed in the paper. From these patterns, three notable patterns of events are presented, i.e. identifiable trends of movement that are worthy of further attention or perhaps intervention. Two of these patterns,repeatingandcollocating, capture particular kinds of movement within a traversal ortransitof a domain by a single moving object, such as a zigzag movement or reversal of direction, while areiteratingpattern of events corresponds to a movement pattern associated with multiple objects and describes, for example, convergence in a region. The inclusion of events in the data model provides a foundation for distinguishing particular semantics of movement based on patterns of events, providing a basis for querying different kinds of events as well as providing a foundation for developing automated event notification systems.
Comparison of Techniques for Visualising Fire Behaviour
Authors: Black Julian , Arrowsmith Colin , Black Michael , Cartwright William 
Published: July 2007

AbstractDuring every Australian summer fires are common in the south‐eastern region of the continent. The combined forces of climate, topography and vegetation make Victoria in particular, one of the most fire prone regions on earth (DSE 2003). Throughout its history, Victoria has seen a number of devastating bushfires, including Black Friday 1939, Ash Wednesday 1983, and more recently in the northeast of the State in 2003. The loss of life combined with the damage caused to land and property results in a heavy cost to the community. In Victoria, two of the organizations involved in fire management are the Victorian Department of Sustainability and Environment (DSE) and the Country Fire Authority (CFA). Both use fire ‘meters’ to determine potential fire behaviour given certain conditions. Values for temperature, wind speed, fuel load and vegetation type are input and a numerical estimate of fire danger given. There are a number of different meters used for different locations and environmental types. The most common meter used in Victoria is the McArthur Meter (CSIR0 2001b). The output data from this meter is numerical, and provides no spatial representation of fire danger. This paper looks at a variety of techniques used to visualise the numerical output from the McArthur Forest Fire Danger Meter. The article outlines the different models used by fire managers to simulate a fire situation, to assess future scenarios and for decision making involving fire management. Particular emphasis is placed on the McArthur Forest Fire Danger Meter as this is commonly used by fire departments in Australia. The article then focuses on geographical visualisation and a number of techniques employed to convey spatial information are discussed. The article then goes on to describe the fire simulation prototypes created for a study, a visualisation proof‐of‐concept product for organizations involved in managing bushfires in Australia. Finally, results from the evaluation of the prototype are presented.
Asymmetric Information and the Transmission Mechanism of Monetary Policy
Authors: Neyer Ulrike 
Published: July 2007

Abstract
This paper analyses the consequences of asymmetric information in credit markets for the monetary transmission mechanism. It shows that asymmetric information can not only reinforce but can also weaken or overcompensate the effects of the standard interest rate channel. Crucial is that informational problems lead to an external finance premium that can be positive or negative for marginal entrepreneurs. Tight money may lead to an increase in the absolute value of this premium, implying that there is a credit channel of monetary policy, but its working direction is ambiguous.
Impact of Central Bank Intervention during Periods of Speculative Pressure: Evidence from the European Monetary System
Authors: Stix Helmut 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis paper studies the effects of Banco de Espanna and Banque de France interventions during the 1992-93 European Monetary System crises. In particular, a Markov Switching model is estimated where interventions influence the probabilities of transition between a calm and a turbulent regime. Furthermore, we analyze the impact of intervention on the expected rate of realignment. On balance, the results are consistent with the view that publicly known interventions but not secret interventions increased both the probability of switching to the turbulent regime as well as the expected realignment rate.
Blood‐based neurochemical diagnosis of vascular dementia: a pilot study
Authors: Bibl Mirko , Esselmann Hermann , Mollenhauer Brit , Weniger Godehard , Welge Volker , Liess Michael , Lewczuk Piotr , Otto Markus , Schulz Jörg B , Trenkwalder Claudia , Kornhuber Johannes , Wiltfang Jens 
Published: July 2007

AbstractBlood‐based tests for the differential diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are under intensive investigation and have shown promising results with regard to Aβ40 and Aβ42 peptide species in incipient AD. Moreover, plasma Aβ40 was suggested as an independent cerebrovascular risk factor candidate. These considerations prompted us to analyse a total of 72 plasma samples in vascular dementias (VAD, n = 15), AD with cerebrovascular disease (AD with CVD, n = 7), AD (n = 15), Parkinson’s disease and Parkinson’s disease dementia (PD/PDD, n = 20) and 15 patients with depression that served as controls (DC) for distinct plasma amyloid‐beta (Aβ) peptide patterns. For the analysis of plasma we used immunoprecipitation followed by the quantitative Aβ‐SDS‐PAGE/immunoblot. For comparison, CSF tau and Aβ1–42 analyses were performed. The major outcome was an increase in Aβ1–40 in plasma of VAD paralleled by a decrease in the ratio of Aβ1–38/Aβ1–40. The ratio Aβ1–38/Aβ1–40 in plasma enabled contrasts of beyond 85% and 80% for discriminating VAD from DC and all other patients, respectively. In CSF, we confirmed the typical CSF biomarker constellation of increased tau and diminished Aβ1–42 levels for AD. The diagnostic accuracy of plasma Aβ1–38/Aβ1–40 for VAD resembled the accuracy of CSF biomarkers for AD. From the presented results, we consider the ratio of plasma Aβ1–38/Aβ1–40 peptides to be a blood‐based biomarker candidate for VAD.
Effects of zinc on SN56 cholinergic neuroblastoma cells
Authors: Ronowska Anna , Gul‐Hinc Sylwia , Bielarczyk Hanna , Pawełczyk Tadeusz , Szutowicz Andrzej 
Published: July 2007

AbstractZinc is a trace element necessary for proper development and function of brain cells. However, excessive accumulation of zinc exerts several cytotoxic effects in the brain. The aim of this work was to see whether cytotoxic effects of zinc are quantitatively correlated with changes in acetyl‐CoA metabolism. The zinc levels up to 0.20 mmol/L caused concentration‐dependent inhibition of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) activity that correlated with the increase in trypan blue‐positive fraction and the decrease in cultured cell number (r = 0.96,p = 0.0001). Chronic exposure of cells to 0.15 mmol/L zinc decreased choline acetyltransferase and aconitase activities, cytoplasmic acetyl‐CoA and whole cell ATP level by 38%, 57%, 35%, and 62%, respectively but caused no change in mitochondrial acetyl‐CoA level and activities of other enzymes of glycolytic and tricarboxylic acid cycle.dl‐α‐lipoamide when added simultaneously with zinc to cultured cells or their homogenates attenuated its chronic or acute suppressive effects. In homogenates of chronically Zn‐treated cells, lipoamide overcame PDH but not aconitase inhibition. Presented data indicate that acute‐transient elevation of zinc caused reversible inhibition of PDH, aconitase activities and acetyl‐CoA metabolism, which when prolonged could lead to irreversible enzyme inactivation yielding decrease in cell viability and secondary suppression of their cholinergic phenotype.
Worsening of Symptoms Before Presentation with Vasovagal Syncope
Authors: SHELDON ROBERT S. , SHELDON AARON G. , SERLETIS ANNA , CONNOLLY STUART J. , MORILLO CARLOS A. , KLINGENHEBEN THOMAS , KRAHN ANDREW D. , KOSHMAN MARY‐LOU , RITCHIE DEBBIE ,   for the Investigators of the Prevention of Syncope Study
Published: July 2007

Introduction: Much of the natural history of vasovagal syncope is unknown. We determined whether patients presenting for care have had a recently worsened syncope frequency. Methods and Results: We compared 208 subjects in the referral‐based Prevention of Syncope Trial (POST) and 122 subjects who fainted ≥1 in a community survey study. Their mean ages and gender proportions were similar. The POST population had a higher median lifetime syncope frequency (1.16 vs 0.12 spells/year, P < 0.0001) and more subjects began fainting at age ≥35 years (26% vs 6%, P < 0.0001). In POST, the median frequency of syncopal spells in the preceding year was higher than in all previous years (3 vs 0.57, P < 0.0001). POST subjects presented sooner after their first spell (median 11.0 vs 16.8 years, P = 0.0002), and after their last spell (median 0.3 vs 7.4 years, P < 0.0001). POST subjects ≥35 years old had a shorter history than similar community‐survey subjects (2.8 vs 14.9 y, P < 0.0001) and presented earlier after their first syncopal spell than POST subjects with a younger onset of syncope (median 2.8 vs 14.7 y, P < 0.0001), despite having fewer faints (median 6 vs 10, P = 0.0002). Conclusions: Many syncope patients present for care after a recent worsening of their frequency of syncope.
Decreased Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor and Tissue Metalloproteinase Inhibitor Expression May Promote Increased Metalloproteinase Activity with Increasing Duration of Human Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: GRAMLEY FELIX , LORENZEN JOHANN , PLISIENE JURGITA , RAKAUSKAS MINDAUGAS , BENETIS RIMANTAS , SCHMID MICHAEL , AUTSCHBACH RÜDIGER , KNACKSTEDT CHRISTIAN , SCHIMPF THOMAS , MISCHKE KARL , GRESSNER AXEL , HANRATH PETER , KELM MALTE , SCHAUERTE PATRICK 
Published: July 2007

Introduction: Atrial fibrosis has been shown to concur with the persistence of atrial fibrillation (AF) and is only incompletely reversible, thus counteracting attempts to restore and maintain sinus rhythm (SR). Besides the angiotensin system, the matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) play a major role in the pathogenesis of fibrosis. Thus, the present study investigated changes of the MMP system during the development of human AF. Methods and Results: Right atrial appendages of 146 patients were excised during heart surgery and grouped according to rhythm (SR vs AF) and AF duration. Hydroxyproline as a surrogate for collagen content and morphometrically determined collagen content increased significantly from SR (14.3 ± 7.7%) to chronic permanent AF (CAF) of 6–24 months (21.2 ± 9.2%, P = 0.02), and CAF of > 60 months (25.3 ± 4.7%, P < 0.01). From SR to paroxysmal and chronic persistent AF (CPAF) and to CAF MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 activity rose, while their mRNA and protein levels were not altered significantly. Plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI), an inhibitor of a potent activator of many MMPs, was significantly decreased with increasing duration of AF. In parallel, the mRNA levels of the tissue inhibitors of MMPs TIMP‐1 and ‐2 decreased significantly. Conclusion: Human atrial fibrogenesis is enhanced with increasing duration of AF: a longer AF duration is associated with elevated atrial interstitial MMP activity, but decreased PAI and TIMP expression.
n‐Butyl (E)‐7,9‐decadienoate: sex pheromone component of the nettle caterpillar, Darna pallivitta
Authors: Siderhurst Matthew S. , Jang Eric B. , Hara Arnold H. , Conant Patrick 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe nettle caterpillar, Darna pallivitta (Moore) (Lepidoptera: Limacodidae), is an invasive pest on the island of Hawai’i, causing defoliation of ornamental nursery stock and posing a human health hazard due to their urticating hairs that can cause painful stings. Wind tunnel and field tests with 2–3‐day‐old moths revealed behavioral responses of males to caged females, which is indicative of a female‐released sex pheromone. Coupled gas chromatography‐electroantennogram detection (GC‐EAD) analysis of female abdominal tip extracts revealed two male electroantennographically active compounds produced by female D. pallivitta. Mass spectral analysis and subsequent synthesis identified the active compounds as n‐butyl (E)‐7,9‐decadienoate (major component) and ethyl (E)‐7,9‐decadienoate (minor component), both structurally similar to sex pheromone components previously reported from related Darna spp. Additionally, methyl (E)‐7,9‐decadienoate was identified from female abdominal tip extracts and a strong EAD response was elicited by the synthetic compound. n‐Butyl (E)‐7,9‐decadienoate was the only component detected by solid phase microextraction (SPME) collections from single calling female moths, however, the apparent absence of minor components may be a result of their lower abundance. Field trials showed significant attraction of male moths to all lures containing the n‐butyl ester, while the methyl and ethyl esters did not increase trap captures at the levels and ratios tested. Synthetic pheromone lures (2.5 mg) outperformed virgin moths as attractant baits and could be used for monitoring D. pallivitta populations of the island of Hawai’i and detection on other Hawai’ian islands and at ports and nurseries that receive plants from Hawai’i (e.g., California and Florida).
Antidepressants in long‐term therapy: a review of tricyclic antidepressants and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
Authors: Hirschfeld R. M. A. 
Published: July 2007

Hirschfeld RMA. Antidepressants in long‐term therapy: a review of tricyclic antidepressants and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2000: 101: 35–38. © Munksgaard 2000.Objective: Although depression has been shown to be a long‐term disorder, most research studies have concentrated on its acute treatment.Method: A literature review of the use of tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) in long‐term treatment of depression was performed and recommendations regarding long‐term treatment were summarized.Results: Studies conclusively document the need for continuation treatment after initial remission of symptoms to prevent relapse. Studies also suggest that continuation treatment should last a minimum of 3–6 months following acute response. Conclusions from a few maintenance studies clearly show that recurrence rates are lower when patients at risk for recurrence continue their active treatment at its original dose than when they are switched to placebo.Conclusion: Overall, studies conclude that depression is a recurrent, often chronic, lifetime illness requiring long‐term treatment. Continuation therapy of 3 to 6 months after acute stabilization should be considered standard for all depressed patients, and maintenance therapy should be considered for many depressed patients. Newer agents, such as the SSRIs, are preferable to the TCAs for long‐term treatment based on their superior tolerability and safety. However, because of the limited number of maintenance studies, further studies using a prospective, randomized design are needed to address this issue.
Anxiety disorders: a review of tricyclic antidepressants and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
Authors: Zohar J. , Westenberg H. G. M. 
Published: July 2007

Zohar J, Westenberg HGM. Anxiety disorders: a review of tricyclic antidepressants and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2000: 101: 39–49. © Munksgaard 2000.Objective: Anxiety disorders are the most common mental health disorders. While the older tricylic antidepressants (TCAs) are efficacious in the treatment of many anxiety disorders, recent studies with fluoxetine and other selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) have emphasized the role of serotonin in the aetiology of these conditions.Method: We reviewed the efficacy, safety and tolerability of TCAs and SSRIs in the treatment of the most common anxiety disorders, specifically, panic disorder, obsessive‐compulsive disorder, post‐traumatic stress disorder, social phobia and generalized anxiety disorder.Results: Both the TCA and SSRI antidepressants are effective in treating a wide variety of anxiety disorders. SSRIs, due to their greater safety and tolerability, should be the preferred choices in treating anxiety disorders in those instances where TCAs and SSRIs are considered equally effective. In the cases of OCD and social phobia, SSRIs are almost always preferable given that the TCAs do not appear effective in these disorders.Conclusion: Further research is needed on the naturalistic long‐term use of the TCAs and SSRIs in the treatment of anxiety disorders.
Impact of implant overloading on the peri‐implant bone in inflamed and non‐inflamed peri‐implant mucosa
Authors: Kozlovsky Avital , Tal Haim , Laufer Ben‐Zion , Leshem Roy , Rohrer Michael D. , Weinreb Miron , Artzi Zvi 
Published: July 2007

AbstractObjective: To assess the impact of overloading on peri‐implant bone level and the bone‐to‐implant contact (BIC) in the presence of healthy or inflamed peri‐implant tissues.Materials and methods: Four screw‐shaped machined implants were placed bilaterally in the mandible of four beagle dogs and left submerged for 3 months. Prosthetic abutments were connected either in supra‐occlusal contact with the opposite teeth (overloaded) or in infra‐occlusal position (unloaded). In each dog, cotton floss ligatures were placed unilaterally around abutments to promote plaque accumulation; the contralateral side was brushed three times a week. There were four experimental sites, two implants in each: loaded uninflamed (LU), loaded inflamed (LI), unloaded uninflamed (UU), and unloaded inflamed (UI). Clinical and radiographic parameters were recorded at baseline and every 3 months throughout the observation period. At 12 months, the dogs were sacrificed and histomorphometric analysis was performed.Results: Implants with ligature‐induced peri‐implantitis presented high inflammatory indices throughout the observation period. Clinical parameters did not change from baseline for both LU and UU. Loading significantly increased the percentage of BIC (BIC%) (P<0.05) and slightly increased crestal bone resorption, but not apical to the implant neck. Both LI and UI groups showed significant peri‐implant bone loss (P<0.01), mostly horizontal on the buccal aspect and angular on the lingual aspect, which exposed implant threads. Loading significantly (P<0.05) increased implant thread exposure due to buccal and lingual vertical bone resorption.Conclusions: In the presence of uninflamed peri‐implant mucosa, overloading of implants in the dog model increased BIC% and slightly reduced marginal bone level. However, resorption did not progress beyond the implant neck. Overloading aggravated the plaque‐induced bone resorption when peri‐implant inflammation was present.
Optical phenomenon of peri‐implant soft tissue. Part II. preferred implant neck color to improve soft tissue esthetics
Authors: Ishikawa‐Nagai S. , Da Silva J. D. , Weber H. P. , Park S. E. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractObjectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate an optical solution to eliminate the undesirable shine‐through effect of implants on peri‐implant mucosa by selecting an optimized implant neck color based on an objective and quantifiable method.Material and methods: The optical effect of color strips on 15 peri‐implant mucosal sites of 14 patients with Straumann® single‐tooth implant replacements in the maxillary anterior region was analyzed. The color differences between the peri‐implant mucosa with insertion of each of eight different color strips (white, black, light pink, pink, light orange, orange, gold, violet) and the gingiva of an adjacent or contralateral tooth without any color strips were compared for the selection of optimal color of implant neck. Spectrophotometric color measurements were performed to compare the color difference index (ΔE) and color coordinates (ΔL*, Δa*, Δb* and ΔC*).Results: The colors of the peri‐implant mucosa with color strips and the gingiva of natural tooth demonstrated that the test site soft tissue with color strips of light pink, pink, light orange and orange showed a significantly smaller ΔE value (P<0.05). Moreover, light pink exhibited the lowest mean ΔE value of 2.6±0.6, indicating a clinically indistinguishable color difference.Conclusions: The results suggest that it is possible to improve gingival esthetics by coloring the implant neck, most effectively with light pink, to mask the impact of the underlying titanium implant. The use of implants with optimized neck colors to correct an esthetic deficiency may be a feasible approach to establish improved peri‐implant soft tissue esthetics.
Cyclin B1 is commonly expressed in the cytoplasm of primary human acute myelogenous leukemia cells and serves as a leukemia‐associated antigen associated with autoantibody response in a subset of patients
Authors: Ersvaer Elisabeth , Zhang Jian‐Ying , McCormack Emmet , Olsnes Astrid , Ånensen Nina , M.Tan Eng , Gjertsen Bjørn Tore , Bruserud Øystein 
Published: July 2007

AbstractObjectives:  Aberrant expression of cyclin B1, a cell cycle regulator, is related to prognosis in various human malignancies. Additionally, cytoplasmic expression of cyclin B1 in epithelial malignancies is associated with a specific T‐cell response and presumably also a humoral immune response. We therefore investigated (i) whether a similar expression pattern could be detected in native human acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) cells and (ii) whether cyclin B1 specific antibodies could be detected in AML.Methods:  AML cell expression of cyclin B1 was analyzed by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. Humoral immune response in AML patient sera against cyclin B1 was analyzed by ELISA.Results:  AML cell expression of cyclin B1 was detected for all 42 patients; but the percentage of cyclin B1 positive cells showed a wide variation between patients. Confocal microscopy demonstrated that 32/42 (76%) patient samples showed abnormal cytoplasmic expression. Furthermore, the cytoplasmic expression was maintained after 14 d of in vitro culture and differentiation of the AML cells towards a dendritic cell phenotype. Cyclin B1 specific serum antibodies could be detected for seven of 65 patients with untreated AML.Conclusions:  Our studies demonstrate that primary human AML cells show aberrant cytoplasmic expression of cyclin B1 for a majority of patients and a specific humoral immune response was also detected for a subset of patients with untreated leukemia.