bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Dual Luminescent Sensor Material for Simultaneous Imaging of Pressure and Temperature on Surfaces
Authors: Stich Matthias I. J. , Nagl Stefan , Wolfbeis Otto S. , Henne Ulrich , Schaeferling Michael 
Published: April 2008

AbstractA novel kind of composite material for simultaneous luminescent determination of air pressure and temperature is presented. The dual sensor consists of a fluorinated platinum porphyrin complex (PtTFPP) as an oxygen‐sensitive probe, and of the highly temperature‐sensitive europium complex Eu(tta)3(dpbt) as temperature probe. Both are incorporated into different polymer microparticles to control response characteristics and to avoid interferences. Encapsulation of PtTFPP in poly(styrene‐co‐acrylonitrile) (PSAN) results in a broad dynamic range from 0.05 to 2.00 bar for pressure measurements. The europium complex was incorporated into poly(vinyl chloride) to reduce the cross sensitivity towards oxygen. This system represents a new class of luminescent sensor system, where the signals are separated via the different luminescence lifetimes of the indicators. It is possible to monitor the emission of the temperature‐sensitive probe by means of time‐resolved fluorescence imaging without interferences, because the luminescence lifetime of the temperature indicator is tenfold longer than that of the oxygen indicator. The temperature image can then be used to compensate cross sensitivity of the pressure indicator towards temperature. In combination with an appropriate time‐resolved measurement technique, this material enables simultaneous imaging of pressure (or oxygen partial pressure) and temperature distributions on surfaces. It is distinguished from other approaches of dual pressure and temperature sensitive paints because it avoids the need of signal separation by application of different cameras or by use of different optical filters or light sources.
The biochemical structure and function of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase provide the rationale to interpret the epidemiological results on the risk for infants with Down syndrome
Authors: Martínez‐Frías M.L. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractStudies on the structure of the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene and the mechanisms by which folate may reduce homocysteine levels in bacteria and in humans have provided a rationale to understand the conflicting epidemiological observations between the studies on the 677C‐T and 1298A‐C MTHFR polymorphic variants, and the risk of having an infant with Down syndrome (DS). However, three of the combined genotypes (CTCC, TTAC, and TTCC) are very infrequent in the human population. In fact, these three rare genotypes were only observed in two of the eight epidemiological studies that analyzed these genotype combinations and the risk of DS. In a study of the Indian population these three genotypes were identified in mothers of DS children but not in control mothers demonstrating a statistically significant increase in the risk of giving birth to DS infants. Conversely, the CTCC and TTAC genotypes were only observed in control mothers and not in mothers of DS infants in the Spanish study, while the TTCC genotype was not observed in any Spanish mother analyzed. These results were not related to the frequency of the T allele, since this was lower in the Indian population (21.4% among case mothers and 12.4% in control mothers) than in the Spanish population (33.9%). At present, several important biological aspects on the Hcy cycle are known, including: (a) the biochemical structure and function of the MTHFR enzyme, (b) the biological basis for the effect of the different 677C‐T and 1298A‐C MTHFR genotype combinations on Hcy levels, (c) that folate is not synthesized by the organism that obtained it from the diet, (d) that TT homozygotes will be at particular risk when their folate status is low because the mutant enzyme requires much higher levels of folate than the physiological one to stabilize the binding of flavin‐adenosine‐dinucleotide (FAD), (e) that the release of flavin is prevented by increasing the levels of folate, and (f) that the cystathionine‐beta‐synthase gene is located on chromosome 21. Together, these facts suggest that destabilization of the Hcy cycle in function of the levels of S‐adenosylmethionine (SAM), may be modified by some embryonic and maternal genotypes, as well as by maternal nutritional status and life style. This may also influence the probability that some embryos survive to birth, but in different way for those with and without trisomy 21, as is discussed in this article. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Predictors of reproductive success in female white‐faced capuchins (Cebus capucinus)
Authors: Fedigan Linda Marie , Carnegie Sarah D. , Jack Katharine M. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractEarly investigations into variable reproductive success in nonhuman primates tended to focus on the benefits conferred by high dominance rank. However, the effect of high rank on individual reproductive success has been found to vary both intra‐ and interspecifically, requiring researchers to expand their investigations to include additional factors. Here we examine the age and rank of the mother, sex of the infant, group size, number of close kin, replacement of group males, and resource availability as possible predictors of female reproductive success in white‐faced capuchins (Cebus capucinus) in the Santa Rosa sector of the Area de Conservación Guanacaste, Costa Rica. We examine the length of interbirth intervals (IBI) and infant survivorship as measures of individual reproductive success for the 31 adult females that resided in our three study groups between 1986 and 2007. The greatest predictor of IBI length was whether or not the first infant in the interval survived (number of matrilineal kin and resource availability were also significant predictors); while infant survivorship was most significantly predicted by the occurrence of a turnover in group males in the year following the birth of an infant (infant sex was also a significant factor). Based on these findings, we conclude that male and female reproductive strategies are at odds in this species, with male strategies strongly influencing female reproductive success. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hair color measurement and variation
Authors: Vaughn Michelle , van Oorschot Roland , Baindur‐Hudson Swati 
Published: April 2008

AbstractPigmentation of hair in humans has been investigated by medical scientists, anthropologists and, more recently, by forensic scientists. In every investigation, hair color must first be defined by the researchers. Subjective color assessment inhibits the reproducibility of experiments and the direct comparison of results. The aim of this study was to objectively measure human hair color and examine the variation found in a population with European ancestry, using the CIE L*a*b* color space. Observer‐perceived hair colors were compared with self‐reported hair colors and the color as measured by reflective spectrophotometry of 132 subjects of European ancestry. The presented data show that self‐reported hair colors and observer‐reported colors are similar; however, these categories are not necessarily the best way to categorize hair color for quantitative research. Using a two‐step cluster analysis, hair color can be divided into categories or clusters based on spectrophotometric measurements in the CIE L*a*b* color space and these clusters can be well discriminated from each other. This separation is primarily based on the b* (yellow) color component and the clusters show agreement to observer‐reported colors. This study illustrates the possibilities for and necessity of objectively defining the hair color phenotype for various downstream applications. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Kleine–Levin syndrome: A systematic study of 108 patients
Authors: Arnulf Isabelle , Lin Ling , Gadoth Nathan , File Jennifer , Lecendreux Michel , Franco Patricia , Zeitzer Jamie , Lo Betty , Faraco Juliette H. , Mignot Emmanuel 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjectiveKleine–Levin syndrome is a rare disorder characterized by relapsing‐remitting episodes of hypersomnia, cognitive disturbances, and behavioral disturbances, such as hyperphagia and hypersexuality.MethodsWe collected detailed clinical data and blood samples on 108 patients, 79 parent pairs, and 108 matched control subjects. We measured biological markers and typed human leukocyte antigen genes DR and DQ.ResultsNovel predisposing factors were identified including increased birth and developmental problems (odds ratio, 6.5). Jewish heritage was overrepresented, and five multiplex families were identified. Human leukocyte antigen typing was unremarkable. Patients were 78% male (mean age at onset, 15.7 ± 6.0 years), averaged 19 episodes of 13 days, and were incapacitated 8 months over 14 years. The disease course was longer in men, in patients with hypersexuality, and when onset was after age 20. During episodes, all patients had hypersomnia, cognitive impairment, and derealization; 66% had megaphagia; 53% reported hypersexuality (principally men); and 53% reported a depressed mood (predominantly women). Patients were remarkably similar to control subjects between episodes regarding sleep, mood, and eating attitude, but had increased body mass index. We found marginal efficacy for amantadine and mood stabilizers, but found no increased family history for neuropsychiatric disorders.InterpretationThe similarity of the clinical and demographic features across studies strongly suggests that Kleine–Levin syndrome is a genuine disease entity. Familial clustering and increased prevalence in the Jewish population support a role for a major genetic susceptibility factor. Considering the inefficacy of available treatments, we propose that disease management should primarily be supportive and educational. Ann Neurol 2008;63:482–492
Imaging correlates of decreased axonal Na+/K+ ATPase in chronic multiple sclerosis lesions
Authors: Young Elizabeth A. , Fowler Christie D. , Kidd Grahame J. , Chang Ansi , Rudick Richard , Fisher Elizabeth , Trapp Bruce D. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjectiveDegeneration of chronically demyelinated axons is a major cause of irreversible neurological decline in the human central nervous system disease, multiple sclerosis (MS). Although the molecular mechanisms responsible for this axonal degeneration remain to be elucidated, dysfunction of axonal Na+/K+ ATPase is thought to be central. To date, however, the distribution of Na+/K+ ATPase has not been studied in MS lesions.MethodsThe percentage of axons with detectable Na+/K+ ATPase was determined in 3 acute and 36 chronically demyelinated lesions from 13 MS brains. In addition, we investigated whether postmortem magnetic resonance imaging profiles could predict Na+/K+ ATPase immunostaining in a subset (20) of the chronic lesions.ResultsNa+/K+ ATPase subunits α1, α3, and β1 were detected in the internodal axolemma of myelinated fibers in both control and MS brains. In acutely demyelinated lesions, Na+/K+ ATPase was detectable on demyelinated axolemma. In contrast, 21 of the 36 chronic lesions (58%) contained less than 50% Na+/K+ ATPase‐positive demyelinated axons. In addition, magnetic resonance imaging‐pathology correlations of 20 chronic lesions identified a linear decrease in the percentage of Na+/K+ ATPase‐positive axons and magnetization transfer ratios (p < 0.0001) and T1 contrast ratios (p < 0.0006).InterpretationChronically demyelinated axons that lack Na+/K+ ATPase cannot exchange axoplasmic Na+ for K+ and are incapable of nerve transmission. Loss of axonal Na+/K+ ATPase is likely to be a major contributor to continuous neurological decline in chronic stages of MS, and quantitative magnetization transfer ratios and T1 contrast ratios may provide a noninvasive surrogate marker for monitoring this loss in MS patients. Ann Neurol 2008;63:428–435
TDP‐43 mutation in familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Yokoseki Akio , Shiga Atsushi , Tan Chun‐Feng , Tagawa Asako , Kaneko Hiroyuki , Koyama Akihide , Eguchi Hiroto , Tsujino Akira , Ikeuchi Takeshi , Kakita Akiyoshi , Okamoto Koichi , Nishizawa Masatoyo , Takahashi Hitoshi , Onodera Osamu 
Published: April 2008

AbstractAmyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder. Accumulating evidence has shown that 43kDa TAR‐DNA–binding protein (TDP‐43) is the disease protein in ALS and frontotemporal lobar degeneration. We previously reported a familial ALS with Bumina bodies and TDP‐43‐positive skein‐like inclusions in the lower motor neurons; these findings are indistinguishable from those of sporadic ALS. In three affected individuals in two generations of one family, we found a single base‐pair change from A to G at position 1028 in TDP‐43, which resulted in a Gln‐to‐Arg substitution at position 343. Our findings provide a new insight into the molecular pathogenesis of ALS. Ann Neurol 2008;63:538–542
Synthesis and thermomechanical characterization of polyurethane elastomers extended with α,ω‐alkane diols
Authors: Zia Khalid Mahmood , Barikani Mehdi , Bhatti Ijaz Ahmad , Zuber Mohammad , Bhatti Haq Nawaz 
Published: April 2008

AbstractA series of polyurethane (PU) elastomers was prepared by the reaction of poly(ϵ‐caprolactone) and 4,4′‐diphenylmethane diisocyanate, which was extended with a series of chain extenders (CEs) having 2–10 methylene units in their structure. The completion of the reaction was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The chemical structures of the synthesized PU samples were characterized with Fourier transform infrared, 1H‐NMR, and 13C‐NMR spectroscopy, and the thermal properties were determined by thermogravimetric analysis, DSC, and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis techniques. The mechanical properties were also studied and are discussed. The thermogravimetric analysis and DSC analysis showed that CE length had a considerable effect on the thermal properties of the prepared samples. The dynamic mechanical thermal analysis and damping peaks were also affected by the number of methylene units in the CE length. The elastomer extended with 1,2‐ethane diol exhibited optimum thermal properties, whereas the elastomer based on 1,10‐decane diol displayed the worst thermal properties. Tensile strength and elongation at break decreased with increasing CE length, whereas hardness showed the opposite trend. The glass‐transition temperature moved toward lower temperatures with increasing CE length. The decrease in the glass‐transition temperature and tensile properties were interpreted in terms of decreasing hard segments and increasing chain flexibility. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Progressive resistance training in patients with shoulder impingement syndrome: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Lombardi Império , Magri Ângela Guarnieri , Fleury Anna Maria , Da Silva Antonio Carlos , Natour Jamil 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjectiveTo assess pain, function, quality of life, and muscle strength in patients with shoulder impingement syndrome who participated in muscle strengthening exercises.MethodsA total of 60 patients diagnosed with shoulder impingement syndrome were selected from the clinics of the Federal University of São Paulo and randomly distributed into experimental and control groups. Patients were evaluated regarding pain, function, quality of life, muscle strength, and the number of antiinflammatory drugs and analgesics taken. Patients then participated in the progressive resistance training program for the musculature of the shoulder, which was held twice a week for 2 months, while the control group remained on a waiting list.ResultsSixty patients were randomly allocated to the experimental group (21 women and 9 men, mean age 56.3 years) and control group (25 women and 5 men, mean age 54.8 years). Patients from the experimental group showed an improvement from 4.2 cm to 2.4 cm on a 10‐cm visual analog scale (P < 0.001) regarding pain at rest and from 7.4 cm to 5.2 cm (P < 0.001) regarding pain during movement. Function went from 44.0 to 33.2 (P < 0.007) using the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand assessment and domains from the Short Form 36. There was a statistically significant difference in improvement in pain and function between patients in the experimental group and those in the control group (P < 0.05).ConclusionThe progressive resistance training program for the musculature of the shoulder in patients with shoulder impingement syndrome was effective in reducing pain and improving function and quality of life.
Brücke im Damm – Eine integrale Stahlbetonkonstruktion unter Temperatureinwirkung
Authors: Keuser Manfred , Schönthaler Carmen , Fuchs Maximilian , Hiller Eugen 
Published: April 2008

AbstractIm Rahmen der Erneuerung der Eisenbahnbrücke über die Enz in der Nähe von Besigheim wurde im anschließenden Dammbereich ein Gründungsbauwerk als integrale Stahlbetonkonstruktion erstellt. Die in der statischen Berechnung anzusetzenden Temperaturlastfälle wurden in Anlehnung an die ZTV‐ING in einem Gutachten definiert. Im Bescheid des Eisenbahn‐Bundesamts zu der hierbei erforderlichen Zustimmung im Einzelfall wurde eine Messung der tatsächlich auftretenden Temperaturen und der zugehörigen Verformung über einen längeren Zeitraum nach Fertigstellung des Bauwerks gefordert. Der vorliegende Beitrag hat nach einer Projektbeschreibung und einer Darstellung der Besonderheiten integraler Stahlbetonkonstruktionen die Messergebnisse sowie deren Interpretation zum Gegenstand.
A meta-analysis of 21 178 patients undergoing open or endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm
Authors: Lovegrove R E , Javid M , Magee T R , Galland R B 
Published: April 2008

Abstract

Background
Several studies have compared outcomes after elective open and endovascular approaches to abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) surgery, with varying results.

Methods
A random-effects meta-analysis was undertaken to compare operative outcomes, postoperative complications, 30-day mortality and long-term patient survival after surgery. Endpoints were compared using odds ratios (ORs), weighted mean differences (WMDs) or log hazard ratios (HRs) as appropriate.

Results
Forty-two studies comprising 21 178 patients (10 855 open; 10 323 endovascular) were included. In the elective setting (20 715 patients), the endovascular method was associated with a shorter stay in intensive care (WMD − 36 h; P &lt; 0·001) and a shorter total postoperative stay (WMD − 5·4 days; P &lt; 0·001). Cardiac (OR 1·76; P = 0·002) and respiratory (OR 4·01; P &lt; 0·001) complications were more common after open surgery. In the endovascular group, 30-day mortality was lower (OR 0·46; P &lt; 0·001). Endovascular surgery was also associated with an improved long-term aneurysm-related mortality (HR 0·39; P &lt; 0·001). For ruptured AAA (463 patients), the less invasive operation was associated with a reduced stay in intensive care (WMD − 100·4 h; P = 0·005) and a significantly lower 30-day mortality (OR 0·45; P = 0·005).

Conclusions
The endovascular repair of AAA offers a clear benefit in terms of reduction in postoperative adverse events and 30-day mortality. In the longer term, it is also associated with a reduction in aneurysm-related mortality, but not in all-cause mortality.
Randomized clinical trial of laparoscopic total (Nissen) versus posterior partial (Toupet) fundoplication for gastro-oesophageal reflux disease based on preoperative oesophageal manometry (Br J Surg 2008; 95: 57–63)
Authors: Robertson A G N , Dunn L J , Shenfine J , Karat D , Griffin S M 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
The Editors welcome topical correspondence from readers relating to articles published in the Journal. Responses should be sent electronically via the BJS website (www.bjs.co.uk). All letters will be reviewed and, if approved,appear on the website. A selection of these will be edited and published in the Journal. Letters must be no more than 250 words in length.
Bilinear modelling of batch processes. Part I: theoretical discussion
Authors: Camacho José , Picó Jesús , Ferrer Alberto 
Published: April 2008

AbstractWhen studying the principal component analysis (PCA) or partial least squares (PLS) modelling of batch process data, one realizes that there is a wide range of approaches. In many cases, new modelling approaches are presented just because they work properly for a particular application, for example, on‐line monitoring and a given number of processes. A clear understanding of why these approaches perform successfully and which are the advantages and disadvantages in front of the others is seldom supplied. Why does modelling after batch‐wise unfolding capture changing dynamics? What are the consequences of variable‐wise unfolding? Is there any best unfolding method? When should several models for a single process be used? In this paper, it is shown how these and other related questions can be answered by properly analyzing the dynamic covariance structures of the various approaches. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Impact of Health on Particle Size of Exhaled Respiratory Aerosols: Case‐control Study
Authors: Hersen Guillaume , Moularat Stéphane , Robine Enric , Géhin Evelyne , Corbet Sandrine , Vabret Astrid , Freymuth François 
Published: April 2008

AbstractIndividuals with viral infection could possibly emit an infectious aerosol. The distinction between exhaled breaths of infected and healthy individuals should facilitate an understanding of the airborne transmission of infections. In this context, the present study is aimed at distinguishing healthy individuals from symptomatic ones by the study of their exhaled breath. A setup composed of a modified hood connected to an electrical low pressure impactor, which allows for the study of a wide range of particle sizes (from 7 nm to 10 μm), has been developed in order to collect exhaled breaths. This setup has been used with seventy eight volunteers. The results obtained using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) showed that exhaled breaths of individuals without symptoms have statistical similarities and are different from those of individuals with symptoms. This separation was made by the greater proportional emission by individuals with symptoms of particles collected on stages 3 (D50 = 0.09 μm), 6 (D50 = 0.38 μm), 8 (D50 = 0.95 μm), 10 (D50 = 2.40 μm), and 12 (D50 = 4.02 μm) of the impactor. There was not a specific size distribution obtained for the individuals with symptoms. As a consequence, further research on the exhaled breath should be undertaken with symptomatic volunteers and would require the analysis of this wide range of particle sizes.