bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The 4G/5G promotor polymorphism of the plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1 gene and late lumen loss after coronary stent placement in smoking and nonsmoking patients
Authors: Ortlepp Jan R. , Hoffmann Rainer , Killian Astrid , Lauscher Johannes , Merkelbach‐Bruse Sabine , Hanrath Peter 
Published: February 2009

AbstractBackground: Instent restenosis remains a significant clinical problem. Identification of patients at risk for instent restenosis may allow selection of individualized appropriate therapeutic approaches. Genetic polymorphisms have been suggested to be associated with the risk of instent restenosis. Smoking is known to influence hemostatic parameters.Hypothesis: This study investigated the influence of the 4G/5G promotor polymorphism of the plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI‐1) gene on instent restenosis in smoking and nonsmoking patients.Methods: in all, 300 consecutive patients (133 nonsmoking; 167 smoking) with elective coronary stent placement and 6‐month angiographic follow‐up were studied. Quantitative coronary angiography and genotyping with polymerase chain reaction analysis were performed in all patients.Results: Nonsmoking PAI‐1 4G/4G carriers showed a significantly greater late lumen loss (n = 38; 0.54 ± 0.53 mm) compared with nonsmoking PAI‐14G/5G (n = 68; 0.38 ± 0.45 mm) or 5G/5G (n = 27; 0.19 ± 0.23 mm) carriers, analysis of variance (ANOVA) p<0.001. Smoking patients with the genotypes 4G/4G (n = 46; 0.53 ± 0.54 mm) and 4G/5G (n = 79; 0.37 ± 0.41 mm) had a late loss similar to that of nonsmoking patients. Smoking 5G/5G carriers had the highest late loss of all smoking patients (n = 42; 0.63 ± 0.50); ANOVA p < 0.05; nonsmoking 5G/5G vs. smoking 5G/5G p < 0.001.Conclusion: The promotor polymorphism of the PAI‐1 gene has a significant influence on instent restenosis after coronary stent implantation. The 5G/5G genotype predisposes nonsmoking gene carriers to less late lumen loss, whereas in smoking gene carriers this genotype is associated with the greatest late lumen loss. This might be explained by an altered expression pattern of hemostatic parameters.
Cover Picture: Structure–Activity Relationship Analysis of the Peptide Deformylase Inhibitor 5‐Bromo‐1H‐indole‐3‐acetohydroxamic Acid (ChemMedChem 2/2009)
Authors: Petit Sylvain , Duroc Yann , Larue Valéry , Giglione Carmela , Léon Carole , Soulama Coralie , Denis Alexis , Dardel Frédéric , Meinnel Thierry , Artaud Isabelle 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe cover picture shows a “reverse” indole derivative in complex with Bacillus stearothermophilus peptide deformylase (PDF). This compound was selected from a structure–activity relationship study as a potent inhibitor of bacterial PDFs and shows antibacterial activity toward Bacillus subtilis as well as other pathogens such as Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus. For more details, see the Full Paper by I. Artaud et al. on p. 261 ff.magnified image
Osteosarcoma incidence and survival rates from 1973 to 2004
Authors: Mirabello Lisa , Troisi Rebecca J. , Savage Sharon A. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:Osteosarcoma, which is the most common primary bone tumor, occurs most frequently in adolescents, but there is a second incidence peak among individuals aged >60 years. Most osteosarcoma epidemiology studies have been embedded in large analyses of all bone tumors or focused on cases occurring in adolescence. Detailed descriptions of osteosarcoma incidence and survival with direct comparisons among patients of all ages and ethnicities are not available.METHODS:Frequency, incidence, and survival rates for 3482 patients with osteosarcoma from the National Cancer Institute's population‐based Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program between 1973 and 2004 were investigated by age (ages 0‐24 years, 25‐59 years, and 60 to ≥85 years), race, sex, pathology subtype, stage, and anatomic site.RESULTS:There were large differences in incidence and survival rates by age. There was a high percentage of osteosarcoma with Paget disease and osteosarcoma as a second or later cancer among the elderly. There was a high percentage of osteosarcoma among patients with Paget disease and osteosarcoma as a second or later cancer among the elderly. Tumor site differences among age groups were noted. Survival rates varied by anatomic site and disease stage and did not improve significantly from 1984 to 2004.CONCLUSIONS:This comprehensive, population‐based description of osteosarcoma, identified important differences in incidence, survival, pathologic subtype, and anatomic site among age groups, and quantified the impact of osteosarcoma in patients with Paget disease or as a second cancer on incidence and mortality rates. These findings may have implications in understanding osteosarcoma biology and epidemiology. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Color, arousal, and performance—A comparison of three experiments
Authors: Küller Rikard , Mikellides Byron , Janssens Jan 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThree studies of the psychological and physiological effects on people of colored room interiors are described. Experiment 1 compared a colorful and a gray room, whereas in experiments 2 and 3 red and blue rooms were compared. The results indicate that the color of an interior space will have effects on many different levels. The perception of the room itself was affected, and the colors also had an impact on the emotions and physiology of those who stayed in the rooms. Strong, especially red, colors and patterns put the brain into a more excited state, sometimes to such an extent as to cause a paradoxical slowing of the heart rate. Introvert persons, as well as those already in a negative mood, became more affected than others, which caused severe changes in their performance. The series of experiments described here were among the first to be carried out in full‐scale rooms painted or otherwise decorated in various colors. One practical implication is that a moderate use of good color design will serve to improve the overall mood and well‐being of people. In future research more emphasis should be placed on color, as just one component in the highly complex real‐life situations. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 34, 141–152, 2009
Notes toward a verifiable vector algebraic basis for colorimetric modeling
Authors: Oulton David P. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe presented notes aim toward improved models of the scalar visual response to flat‐field stimuli, and are prompted by unease over the complexity of existing colour difference models. Some of the basic assumptions of colorimetry are examined in detail, and analytical methods whereby these assumptions can be investigated experimentally are presented. A key finding is that the standard CIE colorimetric model is verifiably correct as a predictor of point colour identity and metameric visual equivalence. It is however demonstrated to be a misleading basis for modeling colour difference, and an alternative scalar reference basis and experimental analysis method are presented. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 34, 163–169, 2009
Proposal for selecting two‐color combinations with various affections. Part I: Introduction of the method
Authors: Nayatani Yoshinobu , Sakai Hideki 
Published: February 2009

AbstractA method is proposed for selecting two‐color combinations with various feelings. Feelings used are pleasantness, contrast, floridness, warmth, and their combinations. The proposed method is given by its flow chart for selecting the candidates of two‐color combinations adapting to target feeling(s). The effectiveness of the proposed method is shown by the correlation coefficients between observed and predicted values for four kinds of feelings. Munsell H V/Cs of each component color are necessary for prediction; the prediction formulas are given for estimating the degree of each feeling for any two‐color combinations. The proposed method can be expanded to three‐color combinations. This proposal is expected to assist color designers, who can choose their usable color combinations from the candidates selected by the proposed method. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 34, 128–134, 2009
An Ester‐Substituted Iridium Complex for Efficient Vacuum‐Processed Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Baranoff Etienne , Suarez Stéphane , Bugnon Philippe , Bolink Henk J. , Klein Cédric , Scopelliti Rosario , Zuppiroli Libero , Grätzel Michael , Nazeeruddin Mohammad K. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractRed OLED: An orange–red‐emitting iridium complex (N958) was prepared, and its photophysical and device‐based characteristics were investigated. Despite N958 displaying quite poor photophysical properties in solution (acetonitrile), organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) devices based on the complex exhibit an efficiency close to 10 %.magnified image
Subtyping dietary restraint and negative affect in a longitudinal community sample of girls
Authors: Chen Eunice Y. , McCloskey Michael S. , Keenan Kathryn E. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractObjective:This study tests the validity of the “dietary‐depressive” subtype (typified by greater negative affect) and a “dietary” subtype (typified by dietary restraint only) using a diverse longitudinal community sample.Method:Girls at ages 10, 12, and 14 completed the Child Eating Attitudes Test, the Child Symptom Inventory‐4, and Body Image Measure. Body Mass Index was assessed at each age.Results:Unlike previous studies, cluster analysis revealed an at‐risk “dietary‐depressive” (R+) subtype (18.7%,100/534) and a not at‐risk (R−) subtype, distinguished by few depressive symptoms and little dietary restraint (81.3%,434/534), but no “dietary” subtype. When compared with the R− subtype, the R+ subtype had significantly greater eating disordered behavior and attitudes. The R+ subtype at age 10 was a risk factor for binge‐eating but not obesity at ages 12 and 14.Discussion:Dietary restraint and depressive symptoms combined predict binge‐eating longitudinally in a diverse community sample of girls. Int J Eat Disord 2009. © 2009 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Reproduction and offspring status 18 years after teenage‐onset anorexia nervosa—A controlled community‐based study
Authors: Wentz Elisabet , Gillberg I. Carina , Anckarsäter Henrik , Gillberg Christopher , Råstam Maria 
Published: February 2009

AbstractObjective:To study reproduction in a representative group of anorexia nervosa (AN) cases.Method:Fifty‐one adolescent‐onset AN cases (48 women; three men), originally recruited after community screening, and 51 matched comparison cases (COMP) were interviewed 18 years after AN onset at a mean age of 32 years, regarding pregnancies and early development of the children.Results:The results of the 48 AN and 48 COMP group women are reported in the present study. Six women still had an eating disorder (ED), none of whom had become a mother. Twenty‐seven women in the AN group and 31 women in the COMP group had children. Three women had an ED during pregnancy. Mean age at birth of the first child was lower in the AN group. Five AN women reported postpartum depression. Children in the AN group had significantly lower birth weight than the children in the COMP group. No other complications during pregnancy and the neonatal period differed across groups. Feeding difficulties were not overrepresented among the children of the AN group.Discussion:Adults who had recovered from teenage‐onset AN did not differ in most aspects from matched controls with respect to pregnancies and development of their offspring. © 2009 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2009
Biogeography of woody encroachment: why is mesquite excluded from shallow soils?
Authors: Eggemeyer Kathleen D. , Schwinning Susanne 
Published: February 2009

AbstractWhile some studies aim to generalise the attributes of woody encroachers, examining their functional differences across biogeographic regions may also be instructive. Most of Texas is encroached byProsopis glandulosa, but on the eastern Edwards Plateau, a limestone plateau with thin soils,P. glandulosais rare andJuniperus asheiis dominant. We hypothesised thatP. glandulosais excluded from sites where bedrock at a depth of 1 m or less restricts the development of taproots, thus rendering this normally deep‐rooted species too vulnerable to drought. To test this idea, we monitored the physiological status of the two species on a site where both species were encroaching and the soil was 1·5–2·5 m deep, thus relatively deep for the Edwards Plateau region but not for regions whereP. glandulosadominates. Data were collected across three tree size classes from May to November 2006. Stem water potentials were similar across species and water potentials and photosynthetic rates decreased with tree size. Based on isotopic evidence, the effective rooting depth ofP. glandulosaincreased with tree size, but not inJ. ashei. P. glandulosahad a higher rate of leaf gas exchange overall as expected for a drought‐avoider; except for large trees during a summer drought, when species differences in photosynthesis rates diminished and the stomatal conductance forJ.asheiexceeded that ofP. glandulosa. We speculate that restrictions of soil depth may limit the invasiveness ofP. glandulosain part through negative effects on large trees, which may lower fecundity. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Signaling events leading to the curative effect of cystatin on experimental visceral leishmaniasis: Involvement of ERK1/2, NF‐κB and JAK/STAT pathways
Authors: Kar Susanta , Ukil Anindita , Das Pijush K. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractCurative effect of cystatin, a natural cystein protease inhibitor, on experimental visceral leishmaniasis was associated with strong upregulation of iNOS. The transductional mechanisms underlying this cellular response was investigated in the murine macrophage cell line RAW 264.7 and in the BALB/c mouse model of visceral leishmaniasis. Cystatin synergizes with IFN‐γ in inducing ERK1/2 phosphorylation and NF‐κB DNA‐binding activity. Pretreatment of cells with specific inhibitors of NF‐κB or ERK1/2 pathway blocked the cystatin plus IFN‐γ‐inducible NF‐κB activity and markedly reduced the expression of iNOS at both mRNA and protein levels. Silencing of mitogen‐ and stress‐activated protein kinase 1 significantly reduced cystatin‐mediated NF‐κB‐dependent iNOS gene transcription suggesting the involvement of mitogen‐ and stress‐activated protein kinase 1 activation in ERK1/2 signaling. DNA binding as well as silencing experiments revealed the requirement of IFN‐γ‐mediated JAK‐STAT activation even though cystatin did not modulate this signaling cascade by itself. In the in vivo situation, key steps in the activation cascade of NF‐κB, including nuclear translocation of NF‐κB subunits, IκB phosphorylation and IκB kinase, are all remarkably enhanced in Leishmania‐infected mice by cystatin. Understanding the molecular mechanisms through which cystatin modulates macrophage effector responses will contribute to better define its potential for macrophage‐associated diseases, in general.
Severe functional impairment and elevated PD‐1 expression in CD1d‐restricted NKT cells retained during chronic HIV‐1 infection
Authors: Moll Markus , Kuylenstierna Carlotta , Gonzalez Veronica D. , Andersson Sofia K. , Bosnjak Lidija , Sönnerborg Anders , Quigley Máire F. , Sandberg Johan K. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractInvariant CD1d‐restricted NKT cells play important roles in regulating both innate and adaptive immunity. They are targeted by HIV‐1 infection and severely reduced in number or even lost in many infected subjects. Here, we have investigated the characteristics of NKT cells retained by some patients despite chronic HIV‐1 infection. NKT cells preserved under these circumstances displayed an impaired ability to proliferate and produce IFN‐γ in response to CD1d‐restricted lipid antigen as compared with cells from uninfected control subjects. HIV‐1 infection was associated with an elevated expression of the inhibitory programmed death‐1 (PD‐1) receptor (CD279) on the CD4− subset of NKT cells. However, blocking experiments indicated that the functional defects in NKT cells were largely PD‐1‐independent. Furthermore, the elevated PD‐1 expression and the functional defects were not restored by anti‐retroviral treatment, and the NKT cell numbers in blood did not recover significantly in response to treatment. The functional phenotype of NKT cells in these patients suggests an irreversible immune exhaustion due to chronic activation in vivo. The data demonstrate a severe functional impairment in the remaining NKT‐cell compartment in HIV‐1‐infected patients, which limits the prospects to mobilize these cells in immunotherapy approaches in patients.
A regulatory cross‐talk between Vγ9Vδ2 T lymphocytes and mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Martinet Ludovic , Fleury‐Cappellesso Sandrine , Gadelorge Mélanie , Dietrich Gilles , Bourin Philippe , Fournié Jean‐Jacques , Poupot Rémy 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe physiological functions of human TCRVγ9Vδ2+ γδ lymphocytes reactive to non‐peptide phosphoantigens contribute to cancer immunosurveillance and immunotherapy. However, their regulation by mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), multipotent and immunomodulatory progenitor cells able to infiltrate tumors, has not been investigated so far. By analyzing freshly isolated TCRVγ9Vδ2+ lymphocytes and primary cell lines stimulated with synthetic phosphoantigen or B‐cell lymphoma cell lines in the presence of MSC, we demonstrated that MSC were potent suppressors of γδ‐cell proliferation, cytokine production and cytolytic responses in vitro. This inhibition was mediated by the COX‐2‐dependent production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and by MSC through EP2 and EP4 inhibitory receptors expressed by Vγ9Vδ2 T lymphocytes. COX‐2 expression and PGE2 production by MSC were not constitutive, but were induced by IFN‐γ and TNF‐α secreted by activated Vγ9Vδ2 T cells. This regulatory cross‐talk between MSC and Vγ9Vδ2 T lymphocytes involving PGE2 could be of importance for the antitumor and antimicrobial activities of γδ T cells.
Late Transition‐Metal Complexes of 2‐Ph2PC6H4NHC(O)CH2NHCO2Bz: Observation of Three Distinct Ligation Modes (κ1‐P,κ2‐P/N and κ3‐P/N/N′)
Authors: Elsegood Mark R. J. , Lake Andrew J. , Smith Martin B. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe one‐step synthesis of the amide‐functionalised tertiary phosphane 2‐Ph2PC6H4NHC(O)CH2NHCO2Bz (Bz = CH2Ph), 2·HH, by condensation of the known aminophosphane, 2‐Ph2PC6H4(NH2) (1), with N‐(benzyloxycarbonyl)glycine and dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) in THF at room temperature is reported. The new ligand 2·HH displays various coordination modes when complexed to a range of late transition‐metal precursors. Hence κ1‐P‐coordination for 2·HH is observed in the complexes ClAu(2·HH) (3), MCl2(η5‐Cp*)(2·HH) (M = Rh 4; Ir 5), RuCl2(η6‐p‐cymene)(2·HH) (6), Pd(κ2‐CN‐C12H12N)Cl(2·HH) (7) and MCl2(2·HH)2 (M = Pd 8; Pt 9). Treatment of 8 or 9 with tBuOK in CH3OH gave the bis‐κ2‐P/N‐chelate complexes cis‐M{2‐Ph2PC6H4NC(O)CH2NHCO2Bz}2 (M = Pt 10; Pd 11) in which both monoanionic ligands 2·H– are disposed in a cis geometry. The relatednickel(II) complex cis‐Ni{2‐Ph2PC6H4NC(O)CH2NHCO2Bz}2 (12) was prepared from NiCl2·6H2O, 2 equiv. of 2·HH and tBuOK in refluxing CH3OH. Reaction of the piano‐stool complex 5 with tBuOK in CH3OH gave the chiral‐at‐metal complex Ir(η5‐Cp*){2‐Ph2PC6H4NC(O)CH2NCO2Bz} (14), present in solution as two diastereomers. A single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction study of 14 confirmed the κ3‐P/N/N′‐tridentate coordination mode. Under similar conditions the chiral‐at‐metal ruthenium(II) complex Ru(η6‐p‐cymene){2‐Ph2PC6H4NC(O)CH2NCO2Bz} (15) was prepared in which 22– functions efficiently as a dianionic tridentate ligand. All new compounds have been characterised by multinuclear NMR [31P{1H}, 1H], FT‐IR, EI‐MS, ES‐MS and microanalysis. Furthermore, the X‐ray structures of ten compounds have been determined and reveal, in the majority of cases, a strong propensity for the –NHC(O)CH2NHCO2Bz group to engage in N–H···N, N–H···O and N–H···Cl hydrogen bonding.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Synthesis and Study of 5,5′‐Bibenzimidazolylidenes and Their Bimetallic Complexes
Authors: Er Joyce A. V. , Tennyson Andrew G. , Kamplain Justin W. , Lynch Vincent M. , Bielawski Christopher W. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractA new, high‐yielding synthesis of 3,3′,4,4′‐tetrachlorobiphenyl was developed, facilitating access to a new family of fluorescent 5,5′‐bibenzimidazolium salts bearing phenyl or bulky tertiary alkyl N‐substituents. Deprotonation of these salts afforded the respective 5,5′‐bibenzimidazolylidenes in excellent isolated yields (≥86 %), which were characterized in the solid state and solution. Treatment of these ditopic ligands with [Rh(COD)Cl]2 (COD = 1,5‐cyclooctadiene) afforded bimetallic complexes composed of two Rh atoms connected through a bis(carbene) linker. Electrochemical analyses of these complexes revealed single, quasi‐reversible oxidations at E1/2 = +0.54 to +0.59 V (vs. SCE) arising from the RhI/II redox couples. A bimetallic Rh carbonyl complex bearing a 5,5′‐bibenzimidazolylidene was also synthesized and found to exhibit νCO signals similar to a monotopic analogue. Collectively, these results suggested that the two metal centers in the aforementioned bimetallic complexes were electronically decoupled. These observations were supported by the crystal structures of one of the 5,5′‐bibenzimidazolium salts and its bis(carbene) derivative, which revealed relatively large dihedral angles of 51.2° and 47.8°, respectively, between the two aryl systems. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
The Smallest Vicinal Tricarbonyl Compound as a Monohydrate and Tetracarbonyl Compound as a Thiane Derivative – First Effective Synthesis, Characterization and Chemistry
Authors: Goswami Shyamaprosad , Maity Annada C. , Fun Hoong‐Kun , Chantrapromma Suchada 
Published: February 2009

AbstractAn effective synthesis of 2‐oxo‐1,3‐propanedial monohydrate or mesoxaldehyde (6a) and the first synthesis of 2,3‐dioxo‐1,4‐butanedial (18) as a thiane derivative are reported. These first members of the smallest vicinal tri‐ and tetracarbonyl compounds are stabilized by conversion to thiane derivatives 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 15 and 19, which can be isolated as long‐lived compounds at room temperature. The structures of these novel thianes 8, 10, 12 and 15 were confirmed by their X‐ray crystal structures. The synthesis of a series of protected as well as free heterocyclic aldehydes (pterins and quinoxalines) by the use of the appropriate tricarbonyl compounds is also reported. Additionally, a one‐step synthetic strategy to prepare a series of different biheterocycles with the smallest vicinal tetracarbonyl compound is demonstrated.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
A Simple Organocatalytic Enantioselective Synthesis of Pregabalin
Authors: Bassas Oriol , Huuskonen Juhani , Rissanen Kari , Koskinen Ari M. P. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThis paper describes a new procedure for the enantioselective synthesis of the important anticonvulsant drug Pregabalin, which shows biological properties as the (S) enantiomer only. The key step of the synthetic sequence is the Michael addition reaction of Meldrum's acid to a nitroalkene mediated by a quinidine derived thiourea. A variety of novel catalysts bearing different groups at the thiourea moiety were synthesized and tested. The most successful catalyst that incorporates a trityl substituent provided up to 75 %eeof (S)‐4. The conjugate addition reaction was carried out on a multigram scale with low loadings of catalyst (10 mol‐%). Moreover, the catalyst can be recycled showing the same capability in chemical yield and asymmetric induction. Then, hydrogenation of nitroalkane4followed by decarboxylation of diacid5provides Pregabalin hydrochloride in 59 % overall yield. Enantioenrichment by crystallization of the free amino acid1improves the (S)/(R) enantiomeric ratio to 9:1.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)