bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The management of congenital cholesteatoma: Surgical results of 42 cases
Authors: Rizer Franklin M. , Luxford William M. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractRadical surgery for congenital cholesteatoma leaves the patient, usually a child, with an ear that requires care for life. At the Otologic Medical Group, the intact canal wall technique has been used for many patients with cholesteatoma. To determine results of this management in the treatment of congenital cholesteatoma, we reviewed records of all patients treated between 1974 and 1985.Forty‐two ears were studied in 41 patients. A closed middle‐ear space was achieved in all cases, and an intact canal wall was maintained in 41 (98%). Follow‐up averaged 4.3 years.Of the 41 cases with serviceable hearing before surgery, 28 (68%) had postoperative hearing within 10 dB of the best preoperative bone conduction threshold. Thirty‐eight of the 41 achieved a final hearing result within 20 dB of the best bone conduction threshold.
Multichannel cochlear implantation: Utah‐design
Authors: Parkin James L. , Stewart Bruce Edwin 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe Utah‐design multichannel cochlear Implant consists of six intracochlear monopolar electrodes, one promontory electrode, and an indifferent electrode. Connection of the intracochlear system to the external sound processor is via a percutaneous pedestal system. Four of the intracochlear electrodes receive simultaneous stimulation. Twenty patients implanted at the University of Utah with more than 1 year of sound processor use were evaluated for the study. All patients wear their sound processors on a daily basis. Seven of the 20 are able to use the telephone without special devices. Nineteen patients were tested with open set CID sentences with an average 42.2% response. A comparison was made between live voice and taped voice open‐set spondee word list performance, showing slightly better overall performance with live voice.
Transoral excision of lateral parapharyngeal space tumors presenting intraorally
Authors: Goodwin W. Jarrard , Chandler J. Ryan 
Published: October 2006

AbstractSix patients with parapharyngeal space tumors presenting intraorally over the past 16 years were managed by transoral excision. All had benign tumors of salivary gland origin (1 monomorphic and 5 pleomorphic adenomas) and 3 of 6 patients were asymptomatic. There were no surgical complications and blood loss was minor in all cases. One patient, who had refused treatment for more than 40 years, presented with dyspnea and dysphagia, and required a tracheotomy for safe induction of anesthesia. Only one patient was hospitalized for more than 3 days and only one tumor recurred — as a malignant pleomorphic adenoma 3 years later.
An animal model for tinnitus
Authors: Jastreboff Pawel J. , Sasaki Clarence T. , Brennan James F. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractSubjective tinnitus remains obscure, widespread, and without apparent cure. In the absence of a suitable animal model, past investigations took place in humans, resulting in studies that were understandably restricted by the nature of human investigation. Within this context, the development of a valid animal model would be considered a major breakthrough in this field of investigation. Our results showed changes in the spontaneous activity of single neurons in the inferior colliculus, consistent with abnormally increased neuronal activity within the auditory pathways after manipulations known to produce tinnitus in man. A procedure based on a Pavlovian conditioned suppression paradigm was recently developed that allows us to measure tinnitus behaviorally in conscious animals. Accordingly, an animal model of tinnitus is proposed that permits tests of hypotheses relating to tinnitus generation, allowing the accommodation of interventional strategies for the treatment of this widespread auditory disorder.
Ranulas — Mucoceles of the oral cavity: Experience in 26 children
Authors: Crysdale W. S. , Mendelsohn J. D. , Conley S. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractRanulas or mucoceles of the floor of the mouth are uncommon but do occur in approximately 5% of patients undergoing submandibular duct relocation for the management of uncontrollable sialorrhea. Review of our experience with 26 patients over 12 years ending in 1986 substantiated a concept previously advocated by other authors that ranulas are usually extravasation pseudocysts developing after disruption of sublingual gland elements, and that excision of the ipsilateral sublingual gland is the management approach of choice.
Interferon alfa‐n1 (wellferon)® in juvenile onset recurrent respiratory papillomatosis: Results of a randomized study in twelve collaborative institutions
Authors: Kashima H. , Leventhal B. , Mounts P. , Clark K. , Cohen S. , Dedo H. , Donovan D. , Goepfert H. , Fearon B. , Gardiner L. , Mccabe B. F. , Lusk R. , Muntz H. , Richardson M. , Whisnant J. , Weck P. , Wold D. , Singleton G. , Yonkers A. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractSixty‐six patients with clinically severe juvenile‐onset recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) were entered into a 12‐month randomized crossover study to evaluate interferon alpha‐n1 Wellferon® (WFN) as an adjuvant to CO2 laser surgical excision. Eligibility required disease onset to be before age 16, and an endoscopic excision requirement of at least three operations in the 6 months immediately prior to entry. Patients were randomized to Observation versus WFN at a dose of 5 MU/m2 daily for 28 days and three times weekly for 5 months. The patient groups were comparable in extent of disease at entry. Total extent of disease was determined by a composite score derived from the number of diseased anatomic sites and extent of surface area and lumen encroachment present at each site. Standard endoscopic excisions were performed every 2 months and clinical courses compared on a basis of composite scores determined at each endoscopy. Statistically significant improvement occurred in the patient group which received WFN. We conclude that interferon alpha n‐1 is an effective adjuvant to surgery in RRP management.
Anesthesia management of microlaryngeal laser surgery in children: Apneic technique anesthesia
Authors: Cohen Seymour R. , Herbert Wayne I. , Thompson Jerome W. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to describe apneic technique general anesthesia which has been used in children for suspension microlaryngoscopy in the nontracheotomized patient.Apneic anesthesia uses a paralyzing drug in combination with controlled ventilation using halothane or isoflurane, nitrous oxide and oxygen, delivered through an endotracheal tube. Patients are monitored throughout the procedure with end‐tidal CO2 levels and a cutaneous oximeter. Surgery is performed without the impediment of an endotracheal tube.This method, used in 240 patients ranging in age from 3 months to 18 years, eliminates the danger of a laser fire, gives an unobstructed view of the larynx, is safe, and is free of complications. All outpatients were discharged from the hospital within a few hours after the surgical procedure.
Spontaneous tonsillar hemorrhage
Authors: Griffies W. Scott , Wotowic Paul , Wildes Thomas O. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractSpontaneous tonsillar hemorrhage (STH) of noniatrogenic causes occurs most frequently from infection. Infection can lead to erosion into a major vessel, such as the carotid artery or a smaller peripheral tonsil vessel. Whereas fatal erosion into a major vessel from a deep neck abscess was relatively common in the past, it is rare since the advent of antibiotics. Spontaneous tonsillar hemorrhage, when it does occur, appears to occur most commonly in a peripheral tonsil vessel from bacterial tonsillitis.Medical records of 860 patients with conditions considered to be susceptible to STH were reviewed. Ten cases of STH were identified. All were from peripheral tonsil vessel hemorrhage; none was secondary to major vessel erosion. Bacterial tonsillitis was the most common cause of STH and occurred in 8 of 10 cases. This condition accounted for an incidence of STH in tonsillitis of 1.1%. A history of chronic tonsillitis appeared to predispose a patient to STH. Other causes of STH were infectious mononucleosis and neoplasm.Seven of the ten peripheral STHs presented with bleeding from an obvious venous source. The other three patients had significant hemorrhages which led to arteriography. Arteriograms are indicated in patients with clinical features suggesting possible major vessel erosion or in those patients where significant bleeding is not from an obvious peripheral source. A peripheral STH can be successfully managed with local intervention and tonsillectomy.
The prevention of carotid artery rupture with isobutyl‐2‐cyanoacrylate
Authors: Costantino Peter D. , Atiyah Raja A. , Mico Alan S. , Sisson George A 
Published: October 2006

AbstractCarotid artery exposure and rupture is one of the most feared complications of head and neck surgery. The ideal method for preventing rupture of an exposed artery should be easy to perform, safe, effective and should spare local and regional flaps for later use in reconstruction. Isobutyl‐2‐cyanoacrylate (Bucrylate®) is a commercially available compound that appears to meet these criteria.Test animals were divided into two groups. The carotid arteries of 12 dogs (group A) were exteriorized bilaterally and coated with Bucrylate® unilaterally. Group B (four dogs) underwent the same procedure except that the vessels were bilaterally coated. Wounds were dressed twice daily with moist‐to‐dry gauze. No antibiotics were given.Nine of the 12 unprotected arteries in group A ruptured within 2 weeks, and one unprotected artery ruptured on postoperative day (POD) 29. Two dogs healed over both, vessels. In group B, three dogs ruptured their arteries within 2 weeks. One dog healed over both vessels. Gross and histologic examination of the arteries showed a striking difference between coated and uncoated vessels.We believe that Bucrylate® and cyanoacrylate adhesives hold promise in the clinical protection of exposed carotid arteries.
Paralyzed eyelids reanimated with a closed‐eyelid spring
Authors: May Mark 
Published: October 2006

AbstractImplantation of gold weights and open wire springe to close the eyelid have provided good corneal protection in selected patients with eyelid paralysis. These techniques, however, do not overcome lower eyelid drooping. The closed‐eyelid spring technique was developed to address this problem, and, to date, the author has implanted 27 closed‐eyelid springs. This technique has reestablished a voluntary blink, provided corneal protection, and effectively held the lower lid in a relatively normal position in 25 of 27 patients. This report describes patient selection, surgical technique, and results of implanting closed‐eyelid springs to reanimate paralyzed eyelids.
Autosomal dominant osteopetrosis: An otoneurological investigation of the two radiological types
Authors: Bollerslev Jens , Grøntved Aksel , Anderson Poul Erik 
Published: October 2006

AbstractOtoneurological examination was performed on 14 patients with autosomal dominant osteopetrosis. Eight patients had radiological type I osteopetrosis, characterized by a pronounced osteosclerosis of the skull and an enlarged thickness of the cranial vault. Six patients had type II, in which osteosclerosis is most pronounced at the base of the skull. All investigated patients except one had otoneurological manifestations, but only two of the 14 had otoneurological complaints. Symptoms were related to radiological types. Involvement of the trigeminal nerve was seen only in type I, whereas involvement of the facial nerve was found primarily in type II. Conductive hearing loss was particularly common in type I, and may reflect a high frequency of otosclerosis. Tomography of the petrous bones showed a significant narrowing of the internal acoustic meatus in type I (p<0.01) when compared to normal controls, but no significant narrowing in type II.
Metastatic thymoma to the head and neck
Authors: Barat Michael , Rybak Leonard P. , Dietrich John 
Published: October 2006

AbstractMalignant thymoma is a mediastinal tumor which spreads primarily by local invasion. Spread to regional lymph nodes and distant organs is variable. The most common sites of metastasis in the head and neck region are the supraclavicular nodes and the brain. Cervical lymph node metastasis as the presenting symptom of malignant thymoma has not yet been reported in the otolaryngologic literature. We present three cases of metastatic thymoma to the neck from a series of 28 thymomas, ten of which were malignant. The clinical presentation, histopathological features, therapy, and prognosis of malignant thymomas are discussed.
Treatment of locally advanced, high‐grade, malignant tumors of major salivary glands
Authors: Reddy Sarada P. , Marks James E. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA retrospective review of 45 patients with Stage in and IV malignant tumors of the major salivary glands was undertaken to determine tumor control and patient survival after treatment with surgery and conventional ionizing‐radiation therapy. Eight of the 23 patients received early postoperative radiotherapy after initial surgical resection, with a local control rate of 75%. Twelve of 23 patients had surgery as definitive treatment and the tumor recurred locally in all; seven of these 12 patients were subsequently salvaged by further surgery plus postoperative radiotherapy or by radiotherapy alone, with 58% ultimate local control. The remaining three patients had unresectable tumors at diagnosis and received radiation alone, with a local tumor control rate of 33%. Patients were also analyzed according to the extent of surgical resection prior to radiation therapy and according to radiation dose. Eighty‐eight percent of completely resected, 50% of partially resected, and 44% of unresected tumors were locally controlled for an overall local control rate of 61%. The 5‐year survival rate was significantly higher for patients with local tumor control than for patients who failed locally (31% vs. 0%).
Vestibular function in experimental endolymphatic hydrops
Authors: Andrews James C. , Honrubia Vicente 
Published: October 2006

AbstractEndolymphatic sac ablation in the guinea pig can result in a dilated membranous labyrinth and low‐frequency hearing loss similar to patients with Meniere's disease. However, this animal model fails to develop analogous symptoms of a Meniere's crisis such as sudden hearing loss and marked vestibular imbalance. Possibly, factors in addition to endolymphatic hydrops must be present to result in a crisis episode. By placing animals in an inverted posture, their intralabyrinthine pressure was elevated, causing additional stress on the inner ears. Standard electronystagmographic techniques were used to monitor vestibular imbalance, which appeared as spontaneous nystagmus in the dark. Nineteen of 23 animals with unilateral endolymphatic hydrops showed spontaneous nystagmus in an inverted posture. Physiologic mechanisms explaining these results are described.
Auditory brainstem response in obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Wetmore Stephen J. , Henderson Catherine , Doshier Nita W. , Milligan Lynda Beth 
Published: October 2006

AbstractAuditory brainstem, response (ABR) has been used by several investigators to study the role of the brain stem in the pathophysiology of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). These studies have produced conflicting results.We studied 27 preoperative OSA patients and 17 controls using click stimuli presented at a slow (11.7/second) rate and at a fast (57.7/second) rate. ABR was repeated postoperatively in 18 patients.There were no statistically significant differences in the ABRs of preoperative OSA patients when compared with the control group. However, the preoperative recordings showed statistically significant prolonged latencies for wave III (p < 0.01) and interpeak latency (IPL) I‐III (p < 0.01) when compared to postoperative recordings. Rapid‐rate testing was not helpful.Although normal sleep does not cause ABR abnormalities, the pathological sleepiness seen in OSA patients may cause brainstem dysfunction manifested by prolonged ABR latencies. These abnormalities may resolve with treatment of OSA.
Glottographic measures of vocal fold vibration: An examination of laryngeal paralysis
Authors: Hanson David G. , Gerratt Bruce R. , Berke Gerald S. , Karin Rom R. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractPhotoglottography and electroglottography were applied to groups of patients with recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis, superior laryngeal nerve paralysis, and combined recurrent and superior laryngeal nerve paralyses of idiopathic causes. Individual patients with resection of the vagal nerve above the origin of the superior laryngeal nerve were also studied. Open Quotient and Speed Quotient were calculated from the photoglottography signals. Speed Quotient values significantly differentiated recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis from idiopathic paralysis and superior laryngeal nerve paralysis, as well as from normal function. Data from patients with vagal resection clearly differentiated them from patients with recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis. The measure of Open Quotient distinguished pathological phonation from normal, but was not as useful for separation of differing lesions. Electroglottography appeared to be less useful than photoglottography. The pathophysiology underlying the observed glottographic signals is discussed.
Osteochondroma presenting as a neck mass: A case report
Authors: Scher Natan , Panje William R. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractOsteochondromas are benign bone tumors which rarely present as neck masses. This report reviews the literature and presents the case of a 10‐year‐old girl with a neck mass and hoarseness due to an osteochondroma of the cervical spine. An extensive diagnostic evaluation and partial surgical excision were necessary. Although rare, osteochondromas should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a firm neck mass. Surgical excision of these lesions is recommended.
Frontal sinus fractures: A review of 72 cases
Authors: Wallis Andrew , Donald Paul J. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA retrospective review is presented of 72 patients who sustained frontal sinus fractures (FSF) and were subsequently treated by the department of otolaryngology/head and neck surgery between the years of 1974 and 1986.Eighty‐four percent of FSF occurred in males and 71% were a result of motor vehicle accidents. Only 24% remained conscious at the time of trauma, and in only one third of the cases was there no other facial fracture. Seventy‐six percent of FSF involved both the anterior and posterior walls—a figure that possibly reflects the referral patterns to a hospital that is a major regional trauma center.Patients were treated with a variety of procedures including cranialization (42%), osteoplastic flap and fat obliteration (30%), open reduction and internal fixation of the anterior wall (20%), osteoplastic flap and sinus ablation (6%), and intersinus septectomy (1%).Some difficulty was encountered in documenting sustained follow‐up, which ranged from 2 months to 9 years, and averaged 22 months. Nine percent of patients died in the post‐trauma period. Minor complications were relatively common, but major complications occurred in only 10% of patients. Four patients (6%) suffered meningitis (although the portal of infection was not necessarily through the frontal sinus); one patient (1%) suffered severe pain over the sinus and forehead for at least 12 months after surgery; and a mucocele developed in four patients (6%).
Carcinoma ex‐papilloma: Histologic and virologic studies in whole‐organ sections of the larynx
Authors: Kashima Haskins , Wu Tzyy‐Choou , Mounts Phoebe , Hefener Dennis , Cachay Antonio , Hyams Vincent 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA patient with adult‐onset recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP), initially diagnosed at age 28 years, was treated with radiation therapy due to the rapid regrowth of lesions. Following 6 years of apparently inhibited growth, papilloma recurred, and squamous carcinoma was diagnosed from a laryngeal biopsy. A spontaneous laryngocutaneous fistula developed, and laryngectomy was performed 14 years after irradiation.The laryngectomy specimen was snap frozen and representative tissues were stored frozen for viral studies. The larynx was whole‐organ sectioned for histologic examinations; residual papilloma, as well as carcinoma, was observed. Koilocytosis and other virus‐associated histologic changes were also found.HPV capsid antigen was present in papilloma, carcinoma, and clinically normal epithelium. HPV nucleic acids, conforming to HPV type 6, were present in keratin pearls and dysplastic cells.According to prior reports, carcinoma developing in preexisting papilloma arises from juvenile‐onset RRP. Irradiated papilloma develop cancer at about 10 years, and the patients rarely survive. Nonirradiated cases develop cancer after 30 years, and some develop papilloma in the hypopharynx and trachea, but most patients survive. Irradiation is not an obligatory precursor for malignant transformation of cancer; however, until now there have been no case reports of favorable outcome after irradiation of papilloma.
The redundant aryepiglottic fold: Report of a new cause of stridor
Authors: Peron Didier L. , Graffino Donatella B. , Zenker David O. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThis is a report of seven patients with various degrees of stridor and airway obstruction due to redundancy of the aryepiglottic folds. This condition appears to be acquired and is most likely caused by central nervous system, pathology which disrupts the normal neuromuscular function of the larynx.
THE RELATIONSHIP OF CIRCULATING IgA TO CELLULAR IMMUNITY IN HEAD AND NECK CANCER PATIENTS
Authors: Schantz Stimson P. , Liu Frank J. , Taylor Dorothy , Beddingfield Nancy , Weber Randal S. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe relationship of circulating IgA titers and multiple parameters of cell‐mediated immunity was examined in 97 patients with head and neck cancer. In 26% of the patients, IgA titers were above one standard deviation of controls, with highest levels noted in patients with advanced disease. In 40 patients for whom multiple immune parameters were tested in vitro, increasing concentrations of IgA were associated with an enhanced immunologic helper state defined by a generalized hypergammaglobulinemia, increased percentage of T4+ lymphocytes, higher T4/T8 ratio, and an increased lymphocyte blastogenesis response to mitogens. IgA concentrations were inversely related to percentages and absolute number of Leu 11+ natural killer cell subsets, and also to disease‐free survival (p < 0.005 by Cox proportional hazards model). The immune correlations identified here are similar to those noted in many autoimmune diseases. Head and neck cancer patients are an immunologically heterogeneous population, among whom elevated IgA blood levels may reflect the autoimmune nature of cancer, an immunologic state defined by its tumor‐promoting capacity.
Surgical management of the mass in the buccal space
Authors: Rodgers Grayson K. , Myers Eugene N. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe discovery of a mass in the buccal space provides a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. A common approach for the removal of the mass in the buccal space has been through the oral cavity. However, there is an ever‐present danger of injury to the facial nerve and Stensen's duct with this approach. Experience with tumors in this area prompted a review of the anatomy of the buccal space and resulted in an improvement in the surgical technique. Our external approach through an extended parotid‐submandibular incision provides excellent exposure which minimizes the risk of complications during excision of these tumors and provides an excellent cosmetic result.