bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unveiling the dynamics of sequential extreme precipitation-heatwave compounds in China
Authors: Miao Lijuan , Ju Lei , Sun Shao , Agathokleous Evgenios , Wang Qianfeng , Zhu Zhiwei , Liu Ran , Zou Yangfeng , Lu Yutian , Liu Qiang 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAmidst the escalating impacts of global warming, the occurrence and severity of compound extreme weather events have risen significantly, presenting substantial threats to both lives and property. Existing response strategies predominantly focus on individual events, often overlooking the cumulative effects rising from their inherent complexity. To address this critical gap, we conducted a thorough examination of sequential extreme precipitation–heatwave compound events (SEPHCE) in China from 1975 to 2020, utilizing data from 1929 meteorological stations. Our investigation revealed a consistent rise in the frequency and duration of SEPHCE, with a particularly notable surge since 1993. Furthermore, shorter interval events disproportionately affected the regions of southwestern and southeast coastal China. Furthermore, SEPHCE onset times exhibited advancement, and the endings were delayed, thereby intensifying the overall trend. These findings underscore the pressing need to prioritize effective planning and adaptation strategies to mitigate the impact of these compound event, while also addressing the potential exacerbation of inequality resulting from climate change.
Biallelic EPCAM deletions induce tissue-specific DNA repair deficiency and cancer predisposition
Authors: Forster V. J. , Aronson M. , Zhang C. , Chung J. , Sudhaman S. , Galati M. A. , Kelly J. , Negm L. , Ercan A. B. , Stengs L. , Durno C. , Edwards M. , Komosa M. , Oldfield L. E. , Nunes N. M. , Pedersen S. , Wellum J. , Siddiqui I. , Bianchi V. , Weil B. R. , Fox V. L. , Pugh T. J. , Kamihara J. , Tabori U. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWe report a case of Mismatch Repair Deficiency (MMRD) caused by germline homozygous EPCAM deletion leading to tissue-specific loss of MSH2. Through the use of patient-derived cells and organoid technologies, we performed stepwise in vitro differentiation of colonic and brain organoids from reprogrammed EPCAMdel iPSC derived from patient fibroblasts. Differentiation of iPSC to epithelial-colonic organoids exhibited continuous increased EPCAM expression and hypermethylation of the MSH2 promoter. This was associated with loss of MSH2 expression, increased mutational burden, MMRD signatures and MS-indel accumulation, the hallmarks of MMRD. In contrast, maturation into brain organoids and examination of blood and fibroblasts failed to show similar processes, preserving MMR proficiency. The combined use of iPSC, organoid technologies and functional genomics analyses highlights the potential of cutting-edge cellular and molecular analysis techniques to define processes controlling tumorigenesis and uncovers a new paradigm of tissue-specific MMRD, which affects the clinical management of these patients.
Unsupervised ensemble-based phenotyping enhances discoverability of genes related to left-ventricular morphology
Authors: Bonazzola Rodrigo , Ferrante Enzo , Ravikumar Nishant , Xia Yan , Keavney Bernard , Plein Sven , Syeda-Mahmood Tanveer , Frangi Alejandro F. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractRecent genome-wide association studies have successfully identified associations between genetic variants and simple cardiac morphological parameters derived from cardiac magnetic resonance images. However, the emergence of large databases, including genetic data linked to cardiac magnetic resonance facilitates the investigation of more nuanced patterns of cardiac shape variability than those studied so far. Here we propose a framework for gene discovery coined unsupervised phenotype ensembles. The unsupervised phenotype ensemble builds a redundant yet highly expressive representation by pooling a set of phenotypes learnt in an unsupervised manner, using deep learning models trained with different hyperparameters. These phenotypes are then analysed via genome-wide association studies, retaining only highly confident and stable associations across the ensemble. We applied our approach to the UK Biobank database to extract geometric features of the left ventricle from image-derived three-dimensional meshes. We demonstrate that our approach greatly improves the discoverability of genes that influence left ventricle shape, identifying 49 loci with study-wide significance and 25 with suggestive significance. We argue that our approach would enable more extensive discovery of gene associations with image-derived phenotypes for other organs or image modalities.
Continuous iron spreading on carbon-shell composite nanotubes for electromagnetic wave absorption
Authors: Zhang Yuanyuan , Li Yining , Zhang Can , Guan Zhenjie , Zhen Liang , Jiang Jiantang 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIron-based nanotubes are promising candidates for high performance electromagnetic wave absorbing fillers due to their high aspect ratio, light weight, high axial permeability and high saturation magnetization. Furthermore, the introduction of carbon can improve dielectric loss and block the agglomeration of iron nanotubes. Here, Fe@C composite nanotubes were prepared by introducing carbon onto the surface of precursor α-FeOOH’ fibers followed by hydrogen-thermal annealing. We find that Fe@C composite nanotubes retain the one-dimensional nanostructure of the precursor throughout the annealing. The well-developed lattice and nanostructure of Fe@C nanotubes endow high saturation magnetization, high anisotropy, suppressed eddy current effect and cross-particle exchange coupling as well, and thus contribute to an enhanced permeability. Coatings with Fe@C as fillers achieve a reflection loss of up to −69.34 dB at 3.37 GHz at the matching thickness of 3.97 mm. The Fe@C composite nanotubes developed here are a promising candidate for high performance electromagnetic wave absorbing fillers.
Detection of COVID-19 features in lung ultrasound images using deep neural networks
Authors: Zhao Lingyi , Fong Tiffany Clair , Bell Muyinatu A. Lediju 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
Deep neural networks (DNNs) to detect COVID-19 features in lung ultrasound B-mode images have primarily relied on either in vivo or simulated images as training data. However, in vivo images suffer from limited access to required manual labeling of thousands of training image examples, and simulated images can suffer from poor generalizability to in vivo images due to domain differences. We address these limitations and identify the best training strategy.

Methods
We investigated in vivo COVID-19 feature detection with DNNs trained on our carefully simulated datasets (40,000 images), publicly available in vivo datasets (174 images), in vivo datasets curated by our team (958 images), and a combination of simulated and internal or external in vivo datasets. Seven DNN training strategies were tested on in vivo B-mode images from COVID-19 patients.

Results
Here, we show that Dice similarity coefficients (DSCs) between ground truth and DNN predictions are maximized when simulated data are mixed with external in vivo data and tested on internal in vivo data (i.e., 0.482 ± 0.211), compared with using only simulated B-mode image training data (i.e., 0.464 ± 0.230) or only external in vivo B-mode training data (i.e., 0.407 ± 0.177). Additional maximization is achieved when a separate subset of the internal in vivo B-mode images are included in the training dataset, with the greatest maximization of DSC (and minimization of required training time, or epochs) obtained after mixing simulated data with internal and external in vivo data during training, then testing on the held-out subset of the internal in vivo dataset (i.e., 0.735 ± 0.187).

Conclusions
DNNs trained with simulated and in vivo data are promising alternatives to training with only real or only simulated data when segmenting in vivo COVID-19 lung ultrasound features.
TDCS over PPC or DLPFC does not improve visual working memory capacity
Authors: Jiang Shuangke , Jones Myles , von Bastian Claudia C. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractNon-invasive brain stimulation has been highlighted as a possible intervention to induce cognitive benefits, including on visual working memory (VWM). However, findings are inconsistent, possibly due to methodological issues. A recent high-profile study by Wang et al.1 reported that anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over posterior parietal cortex (PPC), but not over dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), selectively improved VWM capacity but not precision, especially at a high VWM load. Thus, in the current pre-registered conceptual replication study, we accounted for the key potential methodological issues in the original study and tested an adequate number of participants required to demonstrate the previously reported effects (n = 48 compared to n = 20). Participants underwent counterbalanced PPC, DLPFC and sham stimulation before completing 360 trials of a continuous orientation-reproduction task with a slight variation of task stimuli and setup. We found no evidence for the selective effect of PPC stimulation. Instead, our results showed that tDCS effects were absent regardless of stimulation region and VWM load, which was largely supported by substantial to strong Bayesian evidence. Therefore, our results challenge previously reported benefits of single-session anodal PPC-tDCS on VWM.
Key mechanistic features of the trade-off between antibody escape and host cell binding in the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant spike proteins
Authors: Li Weiwei , Xu Zepeng , Niu Tianhui , Xie Yufeng , Zhao Zhennan , Li Dedong , He Qingwen , Sun Wenqiao , Shi Kaiyuan , Guo Wenjing , Chang Zhen , Liu Kefang , Fan Zheng , Qi Jianxun , Gao George F 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSince SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant emerged, it is constantly evolving into multiple sub-variants, including BF.7, BQ.1, BQ.1.1, XBB, XBB.1.5 and the recently emerged BA.2.86 and JN.1. Receptor binding and immune evasion are recognized as two major drivers for evolution of the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein. However, the underlying mechanism of interplay between two factors remains incompletely understood. Herein, we determined the structures of human ACE2 complexed with BF.7, BQ.1, BQ.1.1, XBB and XBB.1.5 RBDs. Based on the ACE2/RBD structures of these sub-variants and a comparison with the known complex structures, we found that R346T substitution in the RBD enhanced ACE2 binding upon an interaction with the residue R493, but not Q493, via a mechanism involving long-range conformation changes. Furthermore, we found that R493Q and F486V exert a balanced impact, through which immune evasion capability was somewhat compromised to achieve an optimal receptor binding. We propose a “two-steps-forward and one-step-backward” model to describe such a compromise between receptor binding affinity and immune evasion during RBD evolution of Omicron sub-variants.
Indikationen zur Cochlea-Implantat Versorgung bei Kindern: Wohin geht die Reise?
Authors: Hirschfelder Anke , Mürbe Dirk 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe indications for cochlear implants in children were gradually expended during the last 30 years. This concerns both the age at implantation and the audiological criteria, unilateral or bilateral treatment, the treatment of unilateral deafness and of children with multiple disabilities. Due to the improvement in hearing preservation and new technical developments, it is to be expected that the indication limits will continue to shift in the coming decades.
Ballaststoffe und ihre Rolle bei der Prävention und Therapie von
Übergewicht: eine aktuelle Übersicht
Authors: Rogal Kristina , Brandl Beate , Skurk Thomas 
Published: March 2024

ZusammenfassungAdipositas und Übergewicht sind oft der Auslöser diverser metabolischer
Erkrankungen, wie Typ-2-Diabetes und Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen. Da die Anzahl
an Menschen mit Übergewicht in westlichen Ländern stetig steigt, werden seit
Jahren verschiedene Strategien zur Gewichtsregulierung untersucht. Eine
Schlüsselrolle für die Therapie könnte ein höherer Ballaststoffanteil in der
Ernährung sein. Ballaststoffe besitzen spezifische intrinsische Eigenschaften,
die im menschlichen Körper zu einer Reihe positiver metabolischer Effekte
führen, z. B. in Hinblick auf die Kalorienaufnahme, das Sättigungsgefühl und die
Glykämie. Der Artikel widmet sich der Verbindung zwischen Übergewicht und der
Ballaststoffaufnahme und soll einen Überblick über die zugrundeliegenden
Mechanismen geben.
WHO-Leitlinie: Versorgung von Frühgeborenen und Neugeborenen mit
niedrigem Geburtsgewicht
Authors: Ledinger Dominic , Nußbaumer-Streit Barbara , Gartlehner Gerald 
Published: March 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Frühgeborene (Gestationsalter<37 Wochen) und Neugeborene
mit niedrigem Geburtsgewicht (< 2,5 kg) benötigen komplexe Pflege, um ihr
Überleben zu sichern und ihre körperliche und neurologische Entwicklung zu
fördern. Ein erhöhtes Risiko für Entwicklungsstörungen, Infektionen,
Ernährungsprobleme und Schwierigkeiten bei der Regulierung der Körpertemperatur
erfordern umfassende Pflege- und Versorgungsmaßnahmen.
Zielsetzung Ziel dieser Leitlinie ist, die globale Versorgung von
Frühgeborenen und Neugeborenen mit niedrigem Geburtsgewicht durch aktualisierte
Empfehlungen zu verbessern.
Methodik Die Empfehlungen der Weltgesundheitsorganisation (WHO) wurden in
dieser Leitlinie nach den Standards des WHO Handbuchs für Leitlinienentwicklung
umgesetzt. Die vorliegende Publikation wurde von Mitarbeiter*innen des WHO
Collaborating Centre an der Universität für Weiterbildung Krems (Österreich) auf
Deutsch übersetzt.
Ergebnisse/Schlussfolgerungen Diese Leitlinie umfasst 11 starke und 14
bedingte Empfehlungen, gegliedert in 16 vorbeugende und fördernde Maßnahmen, 6
Empfehlungen zum Umgang mit Komplikationen und 3 zur Unterstützung und
Einbindung der Familie sowie ein Good-Practice-Statement.
Appendiceal Goblet Cell Carcinoma: Comparison of Classification and Staging Systems with Evaluation of the Prognostic Role of Immunohistochemistry Stains
Authors: Masia Rachel , Marcucci Vincent , Moore Colton , Sun Xiu , Topilow Arthur , Gelatt Timothy , Parker Glenn 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background Goblet cell carcinoma (GCC) of the appendix is a unique lesion that exhibits features of both adenocarcinoma and neuroendocrine tumors. Due to the rarity of this cancer, multiple grading (e.g., Tang, Yozu, and Lee) and staging systems (e.g., tumor, lymph nodes, and metastasis [TNM]) have been developed for classification. This study aimed to compare commonly used classification systems and evaluate the prognostic effectiveness immunohistochemical staining may or may not have for appendiceal GCC.
Methods An electronic medical records review of patients who were diagnosed with GCC of the appendix in our hospital system from 2010 to 2020. The data were collected regarding the age at diagnosis, gender, initial diagnosis at presentation, operation(s) performed, final pathology results, current survival status, and year of recurrent disease or death year.
Results Ten patients were evaluated. Seventy percent of the patients were above the age of 50 years at diagnosis. Postdischarge survival ranged from 1 month to 109 months postdiagnosis. Two patients expired from GCC at 13- and 54-months following diagnosis. When comparing the classification systems, Lee categorized more patients as high risk than Tang and Yozu. Immunohistochemical staining was analyzed using four staining methods: Ki67, E-cadherin, Beta-catenin, and p53. Tumor, lymph nodes, and metastasis staging has supportive evidence for worsening prognosis and overall survival secondary to the depth of invasion of the tumor.
Conclusion Tumor, lymph nodes, and metastasis staging may be superior to the other classification systems in predicting overall mortality. Our study demonstrated that immunohistochemistry staining does not appear to have a significant impact in determining the prognosis for GCC of the appendix.
Botulinum-toxin-A Injection Following Conservative Management in Patients with Dyssynergic Defaecation Only Improves Symptoms in the Short Term: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Ganko Annabelle G. , Warwick Andrea M. , Gillespie Christopher 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Objective Dyssynergic defaecation (DD) is an important cause of chronic constipation. In patients where conservative treatments fail, injections of botulinum toxin A (BTX-A) into the puborectalis and anal sphincter muscles can be effective. Complications of this procedure are reported to be rare and generally mild. This study aimed to identify the complication rates and short- to medium-term success rates of BTX-A injections as a treatment for DD.
Methods A retrospective review was conducted on patients diagnosed with DD who had undergone BTX-A injections at a functional colorectal unit. Patient demographics, manometric assessment, conservative management, and injection technique were collected through a chart review. Subjective patient reports and comparison of pre- and postprocedure symptom scores were used to determine efficacy.
Results The 21 patients included (24 procedures, with 3 patients receiving BTX-A on two separate occasions) all received stool modification and dietary advice, and 20 patients underwent pelvic floor physiotherapy, averaging 8 sessions. The injections were universally applied under general anesthetic, primarily targeting the anal sphincter and/or puborectalis muscles. There were 6 reports of faecal urge/incontinence, with all but one being resolved within weeks.The BTX-A injection was subjectively reported as beneficial in 19 cases, averaging 4.7 months (range 1–32) of improvement. Only 2 were sustained beyond 12 months. Despite overall improvements in symptom scores from pre- to postprocedure, none were statistically significant.
Conclusion Following a course of conservative management, the BTX-A injection appears to be a safe treatment for DD, but only has short term efficacy.
Detection of Upper Gastrointestinal Disorders in Patients with Positive Fecal Immunochemical Test (FIT) and Normal Colonoscopy: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Ravanshad Sahar , Golhasani Atefeh , Mehrad-Majd Hassan , Taherynejad Mohammadhossein , Beheshti Namdar Ali 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Introduction Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most prevalent cancer in the world, and the fecal immunochemical test (FIT) can be mentioned among the CRC screening methods based on the detection of occult blood in the feces, which may indicate upper gastrointestinal (UGI) malignancies; therefore, patients with a positive FIT but normal colonoscopy may be considered for a UGI endoscopy.
Materials and Methods The present study was conducted on patients with a positive FIT who were submitted to colonoscopy with normal results. They subsequently underwent endoscopy for the detection of UGI disorders.
Results We included 121 patients (64.5% of women and 35.5% of men; average age: 58.85 ± 12.93 years), 72.7% of whom were positive for Helicobacter pylori. The predominant result of the UGI endoscopy was normal, followed by erythema of the gastric mucosa, and anemia and dyspepsia were the most common clinical findings. The most common pathological result was chronic gastritis, followed by acute gastritis. Only one patient presented stomach cancer (adenocarcinoma).
Conclusion Considering the small prevalence of cancer in the UGI endoscopies of patients with positive FIT and normal colonoscopy, to the performance of UGI endoscopy in these patients may not be necessary.
Interdisciplinary research attracts greater attention from policy documents: evidence from COVID-19
Authors: Hu Liang , Huang Win-bin , Bu Yi 
Published: March 2024

AbstractInterdisciplinary research is increasingly recognized as one of the solutions to today’s challenging scientific and societal issues. Many studies have aimed to explore the relationship between the interdisciplinarity of research and the attention they receive from the scientific community as well as society. However, the relationship between interdisciplinarity and attention from policy documents remains unclear. In this study, we utilize publications data on the COVID-19 topic to explore such a relationship. Through the analysis and interpretation of empirical datasets, this research finds that there is a positive correlation between the interdisciplinarity of scientific publications and the attention they receive from policy documents in almost all fields. Among the three dimensions (i.e., variety, balance, and disparity) of interdisciplinarity, variety exhibits the most pronounced positive impact on political attention. This study fills a previous research gap and provides insights for researchers and policymakers, highlighting that interdisciplinary research holds greater potential to impact policy formulation and implementation processes.
Translational eigenstates of He@C60 from four-dimensional ab initio potential energy surfaces interpolated using Gaussian process regression
Authors: Panchagnula K. , Graf D. , Albertani F. E. A. , Thom A. J. W. 
Published: March 2024

We investigate the endofullerene system 3He@C60 with a four-dimensional potential energy surface (PES) to include the three He translational degrees of freedom and C60 cage radius. We compare second order Møller–Plesset perturbation theory (MP2), spin component scaled-MP2, scaled opposite spin-MP2, random phase approximation (RPA)@Perdew, Burke, and Ernzerhof (PBE), and corrected Hartree–Fock-RPA to calibrate and gain confidence in the choice of electronic structure method. Due to the high cost of these calculations, the PES is interpolated using Gaussian Process Regression (GPR), owing to its effectiveness with sparse training data. The PES is split into a two-dimensional radial surface, to which corrections are applied to achieve an overall four-dimensional surface. The nuclear Hamiltonian is diagonalized to generate the in-cage translational/vibrational eigenstates. The degeneracy of the three-dimensional harmonic oscillator energies with principal quantum number n is lifted due to the anharmonicity in the radial potential. The (2l + 1)-fold degeneracy of the angular momentum states is also weakly lifted, due to the angular dependence in the potential. We calculate the fundamental frequency to range between 96 and 110 cm−1 depending on the electronic structure method used. Error bars of the eigenstate energies were calculated from the GPR and are on the order of ∼±1.5 cm−1. Wavefunctions are also compared by considering their overlap and Hellinger distance to the one-dimensional empirical potential. As with the energies, the two ab initio methods MP2 and RPA@PBE show the best agreement. While MP2 has better agreement than RPA@PBE, due to its higher computational efficiency and comparable performance, we recommend RPA as an alternative electronic structure method of choice to MP2 for these systems.