bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wine waste treatment methodology
Authors: Arvanitoyannis Ioannis S. , Ladas Demetrios , Mavromatis Athanasios 
Published: October 2006

SummaryAs more than 20% of wine production is waste, the latter constitutes a serious environmental problem that has to be solved urgently. Several methodologies such as composting, aerobic and anaerobic digestion, thermophilic anaerobic digestion, electrodialysis, pyrolysis, ozonation and wet oxidation among others were launched in an effort to solve effectively the wine waste management. This review aims at presenting comparatively and critically the characteristics of the currently employed waste treatment methods (properties, advantages and disadvantages, effectiveness) in order to emerge (with the aid of numerous tables and figures) the most promising and effective method.
People with severe dementia exhibit episodes of lucidity. A population‐based study
Authors: Normann Hans K , Asplund Kenneth , Karlsson Stig , Sandman Per‐Olof , Norberg Astrid 
Published: October 2006

Aims and objectives.  To describe frequency and characteristics of people with severe dementia who according to care providers, exhibit ELs in a population of those with dementia in institutional care.Background.  There are reports in the literature concerning episodes when the resident unexpectedly says or acts in a way that surprises the care provider because the resident seems to be much more aware of her/his situation than usual. This is labelled ‘episodes of lucidity’ (ELs).Design.  The study is based on data from a point prevalence study from institutions for the older people in northern Sweden in May 2000.Methods.  Out of 3804 residents, assessed by key care providers, by means of the Multi‐Dimensional Dementia Assessment Scale (MDDAS) with questions about ELs added, 92 residents were found to have severe dementia and difficulties with verbal communication. The key care providers’ competence in assessing severe dementia was not evaluated. An ethics committee approved the study.Results.  Fifty‐two residents (57%) were assessed as exhibiting ELs. Residents who showed ELs had higher orientation scores and expressed more emotions than residents who did not show ELs. More residents who exhibited ELs took outdoor walks with their care providers exhibited ELs than those who did not (P = 0·001).Conclusions.  Every second resident with severe dementia and difficulties with verbal communication showed ELs.Relevance for clinical practice.  The fact that every second resident with severe dementia and difficulties with verbal communication showed ELs and that this was noticed especially when care providers took outdoor walks with the residents imply that closer contact between care providers and residents with severe dementia could change the care providers’ expectations and enhance communication between the parties.
Estimates of intraclass correlation coefficient and design effect for surveys and cluster randomized trials on injection use in Pakistan and developing countries
Authors: Janjua Naveed Zafar , Khan Mohammad Imran , Clemens John D. 
Published: October 2006

SummaryBackground  To assess injection practices and to test interventions aimed at reducing unsafe injections in developing countries, cluster surveys and cluster randomized trials are needed. The design of cluster‐based studies requires estimates of intraclass correlation coefficients that have to be obtained from previous studies. This study presents such estimates.Methods  Data were derived from a cross‐sectional study of injection use and health seeking in Pakistan that used 34 clusters to select 1150 study subjects aged ≥3 months. We analysed variance to separate its components.Results  Most of intraclass correlation coefficients were in the range of 0.01–0.05. For proportion of injections received during last 3 months, mean number of injections received and health seeking during the past 3 months the intraclass correlation coefficients were 0.02, 0.04 and 0.02, respectively.Conclusion  These estimates can be useful in designing cluster surveys and cluster randomized trials for injection safety in Pakistan and other developing countries.
Functional CD25bright+ alloresponsive T cells in fully immunosuppressed renal allograft recipients
Authors: Baan Carla C. , Velthuis Jurjen H.L. , Van Gurp Evelien A.F.J. , Mol Wendy M. , Klepper Mariska , Ijzermans Jan N.M. , Weimar Willem 
Published: October 2006

Abstract:  Background:  Evidence from animal studies indicate a crucial role for CD25bright+ regulatory T cells in transplantation tolerance.Methods:  To assess whether peripheral CD25bright+ T cells control immune responses in immunosuppressed kidney transplant patients, we analyzed the suppressive capacities of these cells using mixed lymphocytes reactions.Results:  Allogeneic stimulation of patients peripheral blood mononuclear cells was associated with IL‐2 production and T‐cell proliferation. Depletion of CD25bright+ T cells resulted in a 35% (median) higher IL‐2 production and a 38% higher proliferative response against third party cells, showing that functional regulatory CD25bright+ T cells were present (p = 0.03 and 0.02 respectively). In eight out of 11 patients, we also demonstrated regulation activity against donor‐activated T cells (p = 0.03). These data were confirmed in coculture experiments with isolated CD25−/dim T cells plus CD25bright+ T cells. At a 1:2 ratio, the CD25bright+ T cells suppressed the proliferation of CD25−/dim donor‐ and third party‐stimulated responder T cells.Conclusions:  CD25bright+ T cells with immune regulatory activities against anti‐donor‐responsive T cells are readily detectable in renal allograft recipients during treatment with full dosage immunosuppression. Whether CD25bright+ T cells indeed play a role in graft acceptance after organ transplantation in patients remains to be elucidated.
Metastatic Bowen carcinoma
Authors: Ooi Colin G , James Craig L , Huilgol Shyamala C 
Published: October 2006

SUMMARYA 72‐year‐old man presented with basaloid squamous cell carcinoma metastatic to both lungs that was morphologically similar to recurrent, invasive moderately to poorly differentiated carcinoma arising from persistent Bowen’s disease of the right cheek. The original lesion of invasive moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma arising in Bowen’s disease had been excised 11 years previously. Mohs’ surgery was performed for the recurrent lesion on the cheek 12 months prior to detection of lung metastases. He died of respiratory failure 19 months following diagnosis of his metastatic disease. Our case reflects the potentially aggressive nature of invasive squamous cell carcinoma arising from Bowen’s disease and highlights the importance of approaching this entity with a view to complete surgical excision with adequate margins.
The syndrome of hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer (HLRCC): The clinical features of an individual with a fumarate hydratase gene mutation
Authors: Varol Alexandra , Stapleton Karen , Roscioli Tony 
Published: October 2006

SUMMARYA 55‐year‐old woman presented with multiple cutaneous leiomyomas and multiple uterine leiomyomas (fibroids). The clinical diagnosis of the autosomal dominant hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer (HLRCC) syndrome was confirmed by identification of a fumarate hydratase gene mutation. This case highlights the need to consider the possibility of renal and uterine cancer in members of cutaneous leiomyomatosis families.
A complicated blistering disease case demonstrating the usefulness of immunoblotting and ELISA for the diagnosis of immunobullous diseases
Authors: Martin Linda , Rubin Adam , Tran Kim , Pas Hendri , Marr Penelope , Edmonds John , Murrell Dedee 
Published: October 2006

A 51 year old female was referred for evaluation of a transient pruritic blistering eruption located on the trunk and extremities. She had a complicated medical background including rheumatoid arthritis and drug‐induced lupus erythematosus from the TNF blocker adalimubab. Her medications included prednisone 4 mg/day and hydroxychloroquine 400 mg/day. On examination a few large tense blisters were noted and the Nikolsky sign was negative.A routine skin biopsy showed intraepidermal vesicles, eosinophilic spongiosis and significant subepidermal oedema, but no acantholysis. Direct immunofluorescence (DIF) showed IgG depositions in an intercellular pattern in the upper epidermis, and IgM depositions in a granular pattern at the dermo‐epidermal junction. Indirect immunofluorescence on monkey oesophagus and rat bladder was negative, whereas salt‐split skin showed positive staining for IgG in the roof of the blister.As it was difficult to establish a unifying diagnosis given these clinical and histopathological features, the auto‐antigenic targets were studied by ELISA and immunoblotting techniques. ELISA showed IgG reactivity to the 165 kd desmoglein 1 antigen, but not to desmoglein 3. Immunoblotting to basement membrane components was negative. These results supported a unifying final diagnosis of pemphigus foliaceus. She has been treated with minomycin and topical corticosteroids and has had a benign course.This case demonstrates the concurrence of multiple serious autoimmune diseases, which represent an ongoing diagnostic and management challenge. Although the molecular pathogenesis of autoimmune blistering diseases is well understood, clinico‐pathological correlation may not always be achieved with routine dermatohistopathology and immunofluorescence examination. This case demonstrates the utility of additional molecular techniques in differentiating blistering diseases, which has important implications for management and prognosis.
Phylogeny and classification of diving beetles in the tribe Cybistrini (Coleoptera, Dytiscidae, Dytiscinae)
Authors: Miller Kelly B. , Bergsten Johannes , Whiting Michael F. 
Published: October 2006

Phylogenetic relationships among members of the diving beetle tribe Cybistrini (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae) were inferred from analysis of 47 adult and larval morphological characters and sequences from portions of the genes cytochrome oxidase I (COI) and II (COII), histone III (H3) and wingless. Thirty‐three species of Cybistrini were included, representing all genus‐groups except Regimbartina Chatanay and Megadytes (Bifurcitus) Brinck, and most historically recognized species groups and subgenera used in the tribe. Outgroups include six species from other tribes within Dytiscinae and Lancetinae. Analyses included parsimony analysis of the combined data, likelihood analysis of combined molecular data and partitioned Bayesian analysis of the combined data. Results indicate that Cybistrini is well supported as a monophyletic group. Within the tribe, all currently recognized genus groups were found to be monophyletic with the exception of Onychohydrus Schaum, which is paraphyletic with respect to Austrodytes Watts in the parsimony analysis, but monophyletic in the likelihood and Bayesian analyses, and Cybister sensu stricto, which is paraphyletic with respect to C. (Melanectes) Brinck and C. (Scaphinectes) Ádám in the parsimony analysis or only the latter in the likelihood and Bayesian analyses. Results also suggest that some, but not all, historically recognized species groups or subgenera in the large genus Cybister Curtis are monophyletic, and this is discussed and compared. To improve the classification, the name Sternhydrus Brinck is elevated from subgenus to genus rank (new status). Four subgenera in the genus Cybister are recognized: C. (Melanectes) Brinck, C. (Megadytoides) Brinck (resurrected), C. (Neocybister) Miller, Bergsten and Whiting (new subgenus) and C. (Cybister) Curtis. The following new synonyms are established: Trochalus Dejean (new synonym), and ScaphinectesÁdám = Cybister (Cybister) (new synonym). The Neotropical species Cybister parvus Trémouilles (not examined) apparently does not fit any historical or currently recognized genus‐group diagnosis in Cybistrini, so it is retained in Cybister but incertae sedis with respect to subgenus. In addition to classification, the evolution of the unique character combinations present in cybistrines are discussed. A key to the adults of genera and subgenera is presented.
Treatment of patients with atopic dermatitis using wet‐wrap dressings with diluted steroids and/or emollients. An expert panel's opinion and review of the literature
Authors: Oranje AP , Devillers ACA , Kunz B , Jones SL , DeRaeve L , Gysel D Van , De Waard‐van der Spek FB , Grimalt R , Torrelo A , Stevens J , Harper J 
Published: October 2006

AbstractBackground  The use of dampened bandages to reduce inflamed eczema (synonyme dermatitis) is an old remedy. In order to evaluate the current indications for so‐called wet‐wrap treatment (WWT) for atopic dermatitis (AD), and to compare the different currently recognized methods, a group of experts critically reviewed their own expertise on WWT in respect to the existing literature on the subject.Results  WWT is well tolerated in eczema due to the cooling effect on the skin and the rapid improvement in skin inflammation. It has been shown to be an extremely effective treatment for acute erythrodermic dermatitis, therapy‐resistant AD and intolerable pruritus. Advantages of WWT include rapid response to therapy, reduction in itch and sleep disturbance, and potential for reduction in usage of topical corticosteroids (TCS). However, disadvantages include high cost, the necessity for special training in usage, potential for increased TCS absorption, increased cutaneous infections and folliculitis, and poor tolerability. Precautions to reduce the risks of long‐term treatment should include education, monitoring of weight and height and, if necessary, serum cortisol levels. In adolescents the risk of striae from TCS absorption around puberty is high, and WWT with TCS in this age group should be used as a short‐term therapy only and with extreme caution. To reduce risks, dilutions of steroids may be used ranging from 5 to 10%. In the maintenance phase this treatment can be rotated with the use of emollients only. Low potency TCS should be used on the face (with a mask).Conclusion  WWT using diluted steroids is a relatively safe addition to the therapeutic treatment options for children and adults with severe and/or refractory AD. Explanation and education is extremely important in the treatment of AD and WWT should only be employed by practitioners trained in its use. Specialized nursing care is essential, especially when using WWT for prolonged periods.
Do systemic antibiotics increase the survival of a full thickness graft on the nose?
Authors: Kuijpers DIM , Smeets NWJ , Lapière K , Thissen MRTM , Krekels GAM , Neumann HAM 
Published: October 2006

AbstractBackground  Full thickness grafts on the nose do not always heal without problems. Partial or entire necrosis of the graft is likely to lead to less favourable cosmetic results and prolonged wound care. No consensus exists as to the use of systemic antibiotics to increase the success rate of survival of a full thickness skin graft on the nose after non‐melanoma skin cancer surgery.Objective  The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of systemic antibiotics on the survival of full thickness grafts on the nose.Methods  We performed a randomized, controlled trial in which we compared azithromycin with standard treatment in 30 patients, who underwent a full thickness graft reconstruction of a surgical defect on the nose after surgery for non‐melanoma skin cancer. Percentage survival of the graft was the main outcome measure.Results  A statistically significant difference in favour of the grafts treated with azithromycin was seen (P = 0.002). Of all the variables analysed, only smoking had a significant negative effect on the survival of the graft.Conclusions  Systemic antibiotics with an accurate bacterial spectrum should be advised in full thickness skin graft reconstruction after surgery for non‐melanoma skin cancer of the nose. Smoking should be strongly discouraged.
Analysis of the surface characteristics and mineralization status of feline teeth using scanning electron microscopy
Authors: DeLaurier A. , Boyde A. , Horton M. A. , Price J. S. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractExternal resorption of teeth by odontoclasts is a common condition of unknown origin affecting domestic cats. Odontoclastic resorptive lesions involve the enamel cementum junction (ECJ, cervix) and root surface, leading to extensive loss of enamel, dentine and cementum. This study was undertaken in order to determine whether features of the surface anatomy and mineralization of feline teeth could explain why odontoclastic resorptive lesions are so prevalent in this species. Backscattered electron scanning electron microscopy was used to study enamel, cementum and dentine in non‐resorbed, undemineralized teeth from adult cats. Analysis of the ECJ revealed thin enamel and cementum and exposed dentine at this site. Furthermore, enamel mineralization decreased from the crown tip to the ECJ, and dentine mineralization was lowest at the ECJ and cervical root. Analysis of cementum revealed variations in the organization and composition of fibres between the cervical, mid‐ and apical root although no significant differences in mineralization of cementum were detected between different regions of the root. Reparative patches associated with resorption of cementum by odontoclasts and repair by cementoblasts were present on the root surface. In conclusion, results suggest that the ECJ and cervical dentine could be at a greater risk of destruction by odontoclasts compared with other regions of the tooth. The relationship of these features to the development and progression of resorption now requires further examination.
In vitroculture of enzymatically isolated chondrons: a possible model for the initiation of osteoarthritis
Authors: Ross J. M. , Sherwin A. F. , Poole C. A. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe aim of this study was to assess whether enzymatically isolated chondrons from normal adult articular cartilage could be used as a model for the onset of osteoarthritis, by comparison with mechanically extracted chondrons from osteoarthritic cartilage. Enzymatically isolated chondrons (EC) were cultured for 4 weeks in alginate beads and agarose gel constructs. Samples were collected at days 1 and 2, and weekly thereafter. Samples were immunolabelled for types II and VI collagen, keratan sulphate and fibronectin and imaged using confocal microscopy. Mechanically extracted chondrons (MC) were isolated, immunohistochemically stained for type VI collagen and examined by confocal microscopy. In culture, EC showed the following characteristics: swelling of the chondron capsule, cell division within the capsule and remodelling of the pericellular microenvironment. This was followed by chondrocyte migration through gaps in the chondron capsule. Four types of cell clusters formed over time in both alginate beads and agarose constructs. Cells within clusters exhibited quite distinct morphologies and also differed in their patterns of matrix deposition. These differences in behaviour may be due to the origin of the chondrocytes in the intact tissue. The behaviour of EC in culture paralleled the range of morphologies observed in MC, which presented as single and double chondrons and large chondron clusters. This preliminary study indicates that EC in culture share similar structural characteristics with MC isolated from osteoarthritic cartilage, confirming that some processes that occur in osteoarthritis, such as pericellular remodelling, take place in EC cultures. The study of EC in culture may therefore provide an additional tool to investigate the mechanisms operating during the initial stages of osteoarthritis. Further investigation of specific osteoarthritic phenotype markers will, however, be required in order to validate the value of this model.
The effects of the spontaneous presence of a spouse/partner and others on cardiovascular reactions to an acute psychological challenge
Authors: Phillips Anna C. , Carroll Douglas , Hunt Kate , Der Geoff 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe presence of supportive others has been associated with attenuated cardiovascular reactivity in the laboratory. The effects of the presence of a spouse and others in a more naturalistic setting have received little attention. Blood pressure and heart rate reactions to mental stress were recorded at home in 1028 married/partnered individuals. For 112 participants, their spouse/partner was present; for 78, at least one other person was present. Women tested with a spouse/partner present showed lower magnitude systolic blood pressure and heart rate reactivity than those tested without. Individuals tested with at least one nonspousal other present also displayed attenuated reactivity. This extends the results of laboratory studies and indicates that the spontaneous presence of others is associated with a reduction in cardiovascular reactivity in an everyday environment; spouse/partner presence would appear to be especially effective for women.
Respiratory sinus arrhythmia, emotion, and emotion regulation during social interaction
Authors: Butler Emily A. , Wilhelm Frank H. , Gross James J. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractRespiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) figures prominently in emotional responding, but its exact role remains unclear. The present study tests two hypotheses: (1) Between‐person differences in resting RSA are related to emotional reactivity, and (2) within‐person changes in RSA are related to regulatory efforts. Pairs of women watched an upsetting film and discussed it. One woman in each of the experimental dyads was asked to either suppress or to reappraise during the conversation. Their partners and both members of the control dyads conversed naturally. Between‐person differences in resting RSA were assessed with paced breathing, and within‐person changes in RSA were calculated from baseline to the conversation accounting for respiration. Women with higher resting RSA experienced and expressed more negative emotion, and women who attempted to regulate their emotions either by suppressing or reappraising showed larger increases in RSA than controls.
How Confident Are We of the Diagnosis of Epilepsy?
Authors: Van Donselaar Cees A. , Stroink Hans , Arts Willem‐Frans ,   for the Dutch Study Group of Epilepsy in Childhood
Published: October 2006

Summary: The diagnosis of a first seizure or epilepsy may be subject to interobserver variation and inaccuracy with possibly far‐reaching consequences for the patients involved. We reviewed the current literature. Studies on the interobserver variation of the diagnosis of a first seizure show that such a diagnosis is subject to considerable interobserver disagreement. Interpretation of the electroencephalogram (EEG) findings is also subject to interobserver disagreement and is influenced by the threshold of the reader to classify EEG findings as epileptiform. The accuracy of the diagnosis of epilepsy varies from a misdiagnosis rate of 5% in a prospective childhood epilepsy study in which the diagnosis was made by a panel of three experienced pediatric neurologists to at least 23% in a British population‐based study, and may be even higher in everyday practice. The level of experience of the treating physician plays an important role. The EEG may be helpful but one should be reluctant to make a diagnosis of epilepsy mainly on the EEG findings without a reasonable clinical suspicion based on the history. Being aware of the possible interobserver variation and inaccuracy, adopting a systematic approach to the diagnostic process, and timely referral to specialized care may be helpful to prevent the misdiagnosis of epilepsy.