bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
OVARIAN ACTIVITIES OF PYRIDINE NUCLEOTIDE DEPENDENT DEHYDROGENASES IN THE RAT DURING PREGNANCY AND LACTATION
Authors: Lunaas T. , Baldwin R. L. , Cupps P. T. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The activities of soluble enzymes catalyzing electron transfer in the systems malate:NADP, glucose-6-phosphate:NADP, 6-phosphogluconate: NADP, isocitrate:NADP and malate:NAD were determined in the ovaries of rats at several stages of reproduction.
The enzymic activities (as μmol of product formed per min per g tissue) during late pregnancy (33 – 7 – 5 – 28 – 48, respectively) differed appreciably from the activities during the oestrous cycle (7 – 13 –3 – 30 – 25) and also at parturition (13 – 10 – 3 – 26 – 26).
During pregnancy and parturition as well as during lactation and weaning there was an inverse relationship between the malate enzyme (malate:NADP) and the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. The ratio between the activities of these enzymes varied within a wide range (0.5 – 5) and appeared to reflect luteal function. The enzymic activities on day 6 of lactation in the involuted corpora lutea of pregnancy (7 – 15 – 3 – 41 – 32) and in the corpora lutea deriving from the post partum ovulation (15 – 7 – 4 – 39 – 36) were in agreement with this view. The possible role of the malate enzyme in the ovarian synthesis of steroids is discussed with reference to its presumed role in lipogenesis in the rat.
EFFECTS OF GLUCOSAMINE ON THE RESPIRATION OF PANCREATIC ISLET B-CELLS
Authors: Hellerström Claes 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Metabolic effects of D-glucosamine on the pancreatic islet B-cells were evaluated by measurements of the oxygen uptake of isolated and surviving islets. The tissue specimens, which were obtained from obese-hyperglycaemic mice and consisted of more than 90% B-cells, were incubated in Cartesian divers with Krebs-Ringer phosphate medium at +37° C. Addition of glucosamine to the incubation medium caused a significant inhibition of the endogenous islet respiration and an even more pronounced inhibition of the oxygen uptake in the presence of D-glucose. When islets were pre-incubated with glucosamine and subsequently supplied with glucose, there was a relatively slight elevation of the oxygen consumption rate, indicating a partial block of the stimulating effect of glucose on the islet respiration. The results support the view that the diabetogenic effect of glucosamine is caused in part by a direct interference with the glucose utilization in the pancreatic B-cell, resulting in a diminished insulin release.
EVALUATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LONG-ACTING THYROID STIMULATOR, CLINICAL AND BIOLOGICAL THYROTOXICOSIS AND EXOPHTHALMOS
Authors: Bonnyns M. , Demeester-Mirkine N. , Calay R. , Bastenie P. A. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Long-Acting Thyroid Stimulator (LATS) determinations were performed on the unconcentrated serum of 92 hyperthyroid patients, using the slightly modified method of McKenzie. A positive LATS response was found in 27 per cent of patients with active thyrotoxicosis, in 55 per cent of patients with residual hyperthyroidism after 131 iodine therapy, in 63 per cent of patients with progressive exophthalmos and in 4 of the 4 patients with pretibial myxoedema. In active thyrotoxicosis, the incidence of LATS was the same in the untreated patients (26%) as in the patients insufficiently treated with antithyroid drugs (27%). In untreated and insufficiently treated patients, exophthalmos, LATS and thyroglobulin antibodies (TGA) were more frequently found in the younger patients. There was a quantitative correlation between the response to LATS and pretibial myxoedema. No relation was found between level of LATS and the severity of ocular signs in progressive exophthalmos or between level of LATS and the biological parameters of the thyroid function in active thyrotoxicosis: cholesterol, PB127I, 131I uptake tests and PB131I. In view of these data, it seems that the relationship of LATS to thyrotoxicosis and/or exophthalmos cannot be considered as a directly causal factor.
EFFECT OF GROWTH HORMONE AND AN ANABOLIC STEROID ON HYDROXYPROLINE IN HEALING DERMAL WOUNDS IN RATS
Authors: Kowalewski K. , Yong S. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Various fractions of hydroxyproline were determined in intact skin and in surgical dermal wounds of rats treated or not with one of two hormones: bovine growth hormone and anabolic steroid methandrostenolone. Serum hydroxyproline was also studied in these rats. Sampling was done prior to surgery, and at the end of the first and third weeks following operation. It was assumed that with the methods used, some information may be obtained regarding the synthesis and breakdown of collagen at early stage of wound healing. Presence of dermal wound was associated with significant increase of saline-extractable and total hydroxyproline in the skin distant from the healing wound. These fractions were also elevated in the scars. Growth hormone produced a significant increase in all extractable fractions and total hydroxyproline of both skin and scar. Serum hydroxyproline was also elevated in rats treated with growth hormone. These changes were considered due to the action of growth hormone on both synthesis and breakdown of collagen. The action of anabolic steroid on tissue hydroxyproline was generally comparable to that of growth hormone, but was much less marked. Methandrostenolone did not affect serum hydroxyproline content under the conditions of this experiment.
HYPOTHALAMO-PITUITARY-ADRENAL RESPONSE DURING MAJOR SURGICAL STRESS
Authors: Asfeldt Vivian H. , Elb Soren 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Fluorometric determinations of plasma corticosteroids were done during major surgical procedures on 28 patients with normal adrenal function. All the patients received pethidine as preoperative medication. The operations were performed under halothane-N2O-O2 anaesthesia.
Fifteen patients served as controls. Thirteen patients received 1 mg dexamethasone i. m. 9 hours before the induction of anaesthesia and an additional 8 mg of dexamethasone was administered i. m. 1½ hours before the induction of anaesthesia.
During surgery the mean plasma corticosteroid values in these patients were greatly diminished. However, the mean plasma corticosteroid response to surgery was the same in the control and in the treated group of patients, indicating that suppression by dexamethasone has no influence on the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal response to major acute stress.
PITUITARY-ADRENAL FUNCTION IN PATIENTS GIVEN LONG-TERM ADRENAL STEROID THERAPY
Authors: Jakobson Theodor , Sundberg Marcus , Kotovirta Marja-Liisa , Strandström Leif 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Pituitary-adrenal function was investigated in 23 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and in 19 patients with bronchial asthma following prolonged glucocorticoid therapy. The duration of continuous treatment varied from 2 months to 15 years and the total dose of steroids from 400 mg to 54 g of prednisolone or its equivalent. After treatment had been discontinued, pituitary ACTH-reserve was estimated by means of an oral metyrapone test and adrenal response to ACTH by means of an intravenous or intramuscular ACTH-test. The pituitary ACTH-response was evaluated by determining the increment in the excretion of 11-deoxy-17-hydroxycorticosteroids during the administration of the metyrapone blocking agent and adrenal response to ACTH by the excretion of 11-oxygenated corticosteroids.
The reduction of the metyrapone and ACTH responses were found to be related to the duration of prednisolone treatment as well as to the daily and total administered dose, although a marked individual variation in several instances could be observed in the degree of suppression of endogenous ACTH or corticosteroid production. Deficient metyrapone and ACTH responses were more frequently encountered in bronchial asthma than in patients with rheumatoid arthritis who had received comparable doses of glucocorticoids during similar periods. No negative metyrapone tests, however, in either group of patients were obtained for 12 months or unless the total dose of steroids administered was at least 3.5 g of prednisolone or its equivalent. Most patients who showed reduced adrenocortical response to ACTH had received large total doses of corticosteroids and the lowest total dose on which a subnormal ACTH-response was observed was 6 g.
The results demonstrate that both pituitary ACTH-reserve and adrenocortical response to ACTH can be reduced by long-term adrenal steroid therapy, although the loss of pituitary ACTH-response occurs earlier during the course of treatment.
CORTISOLWIRKUNGEN AUF DEN PROTEINUND ENERGIESTOFFWECHSEL IN DER PERIPHERIE
Authors: Kröner H. , Staib W. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
By measuring protein, RNA and DNA in skeletal muscle and spleen we were unable to demonstrate an enhanced catabolism due to cortisol. On the other hand we could demonstrate a reduced anabolism by diminished incorporation of 14C labelled leucin in protein of muscle, spleen and skin. Simultaneously an increase of ATP and an equivalent decrease of ADP were found in connective tissue, which were regarded as a consequence of reduced energy consumption. In skeletal muscle a decrease of energy consumption due to cortisol was only indirect demonstrable by reduced glycolysis when oxidative metabolism was eliminated for a short time. It seems obvious, that inhibition of protein synthesis causes the diminished energy consumption.
FOLLICLE-STIMULATING HORMONE AND LUTEINIZING HORMONE IN SERUM DURING THE MENSTRUAL CYCLE DETERMINED BY RADIOIMMUNOASSAY
Authors: Taymor Melvin L. , Aono Toshihiro , Pheteplace Carolyn 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The serum levels of FSH and LH were determined in 11 normal menstrual cycles by radioimmunoassay. The results of LH assay demonstrated a consistent pattern with a sharp 3 to 4 fold increase occurring on the average 13.9 days before the next menses. The changes in FSH levels during the cycle were neither as marked nor as consistent. Three distinct patterns seemed to emerge. However, the mean levels of FSH from the 11 cycles demonstrated a significant high level 12 days before, a low level 1 day before and another rise 1 day after the midcycle peak of LH.
GROWTH HORMONE-RELEASING ACTIVITY IN THE HYPOTHALAMI OF KITTENS WITH LESIONS OF THE REGION OF THE PARAVENTRICULAR NUCLEI
Authors: Sawano S. , Arimura A. , Schally A. V. , Saito T. , Bowers C. Y. , O'Brien C. P. , Bach L. M. N. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
An attempt was made to evaluate the growth hormone (GH)-releasing activity in extracts of the stalk-median eminence region (SME) from kittens with bilateral lesions of the paraventricular nuclei, which showed a marked growth retardation, and from sham-operated animals. SME extract from the sham-operated control kittens induced a significant decrease in pituitary GH content. However, SME extract from kittens with bilateral lesions in the region of the paraventricular nuclei failed to induce the depletion of pituitary GH content. The cerebral cortical extracts from both groups elicited no effect on pituitary GH. These results show that the hypothalamus of the lesioned kittens has no GH-releasing activity, i. e. GH-releasing factor (GRF) is lacking. This suggests that, in kittens, the area of the paraventricular nuclei plays an important role in the synthesis of GRF, so that destruction of this area causes growth impairment.
A 30 YEARS FOLLOW-UP STUDY OF A CASE OF CURED HYPERPARATHYROIDISM
Authors: Friderichsen C. , Rosendal Th. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Atypical tetany in an infant led to the examination of the mother, who proved to be suffering from latent osteitis fibrosa and mild nephrocalcinosis. She was cured, before any symptom had appeared, by removal of a parathyroid adenoma in 1936.
19 and 30 years after the operation, follow-up X-rays of the mother were obtained. There were still the same calcified deposits in the kidneys, and the bony cysts had only partially healed. The mother had been feeling perfectly well throughout these 30 years.
To obtain an early diagnosis the authors suggest a routine test for serum calcium in any clinical examination of patients with a not quite evident syndrome, concurrently with examination of the urine for protein and determination of haemoglobin (venipuncture). This should apply particularly to any case of haematuria or renal colic, not only in hospital, but also in general practice.
EFFECT OF THE URINARY INHIBITOR ON THE UTERINE WEIGHT RESPONSE TO GONADOTROPHINS
Authors: Hipkin L. J. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A boiled kaolin acetone extract of urine inhibited the activity of small doses of chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG), pregnant mares' serum gonadotrophin (PMS) and urinary pituitary gonadotrophin in the immature mouse uterus assay. Bigger doses of these gonadotrophins were not affected. The gonadotrophin inhibitory material (GIM) did not affect the uterine weight response to pituitary follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) or oestrone. It was noted that the gonadotrophin inhibitory effects of GIM were very similar to the reports of inhibition of gonadotrophins in hypophysectomised animals. It was therefore postulated that GIM inhibits the endogenous gonadotrophin secretion which is necessary for the activity of certain gonadotrophins at low doses. In support of this hypothesis it was found that HCG was not inhibited by GIM if the animals were also given FSH.
The conclusion that GIM acts by inhibiting endogenous gonadotrophin is contrary to the normally accepted view that GIM inhibits exogenous HCG or luteinising hormone directly.
PLACENTAL TRANSFER OF OESTRIOL GLUCOSIDURONATES
Authors: Goebelsmann U. , Wiqvist N. , Diczfalusy E. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Two human placentas were perfused in situ at midpregnancy with a combination of oestriol-15-3H-3-glucosiduronate (OE3-3Gl) and oestriol-16-14C-16-glucosiduronate (OE3-16Gl) and the radioactive material recovered from the placentas, perfusates and urine specimens was analysed. Only 1 to 2 per cent of the tracers administered was recovered from the urine; the bulk of the administered material was found in the perfusates and placentas.
Under the experimental conditions used, no evidence for the metabolism of the two conjugates was found. The OE33Gl isolated from the three sources contained only 3H-label, and the OE3-16Gl only 14C-label. Whereas the evidence indicating the placental transfer of OE3-16Gl in an unchanged form is circumstantial, conclusive evidence is presented that OE3-3Gl is transferred across the placenta without hydrolysis.
THE URINARY EXCRETION OF TESTOSTERONE AND EPITESTOSTERONE IN FEMALES FOLLOWING INTRAVENOUS INFUSIONS OF TESTOSTERONE BEFORE AND DURING TREATMENT WITH AN ANTI-ANDROGEN (CYPROTERONE)
Authors: Tamm J. , Beischer W. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Intravenous infusions of 10 mg testosterone (T) in two females (one of them adrenalectomized for Cushing's syndrome) resulted in an increased urinary excretion of T-glucuronide, whereas the excretion of epitestosterone (ET)-glucuronide was not altered significantly. The excretion of T-sulphate increased only slightly. During treatment with 100 mg Cyproterone p. d. a marked elevation of urinary T and ET excretion occurred. A slight increase in unconjugated T and ET was also observed. A second T infusion during Cyproterone treatment did not lead to a further increase of urinary T-glucuronide, but there was a slight increase in urinary excretion of ET-glucuronide and of T-sulphate.
DPN- AND TPN-17β-HYDROXY-C19-STEROID DEHYDROGENASES; INTRACELLULAR LOCALIZATION IN DOG PROSTATE
Authors: Hussein Kamiel A. , Kochakian Charles D. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Both the DPN- and TPN-linked 17β-hydroxy-C19-steroid dehydrogenase activities of the dog prostate were localized in the microsomal fraction. The usual procedure of tissue fractionation resulted in a loss of DNA from the nuclei and an unsatisfactory separation of the subcellular components. Initial homogenization in 2.2 m sucrose, however, not only yielded clean nuclei but also permitted an effective separation of the mitochondrial, microsomal, and soluble fractions. The completeness of the separations was characterized by the determination of protein, DNA, RNA, succinic dehydrogenase and esterase activities of each fraction. The microsomal preparation retained its dehydrogenase activity on storage at –20° C. It did not metabolize the 3α-hydroxy- or the Δ5-3β-hydroxy groups. The pH of maximum activity was slightly different in the presence of DPN (10.6) than in TPN (10.2). The two coenzymes competed for the active site on the dehydrogenase. The Km value for the substrate (testosterone) was the same in the presence of each coenzyme, but the maximum activity was approximately three times greater with DPN than TPN.
ANDROGEN TREATMENT WITHOUT INHIBITING EFFECT ON HYPOPHYSIS AND MALE GONADS
Authors: Petry R. , Rausch-Stroomann J.-G. , Hienz H. A. , Senge Th. , Mauss J. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Up to the present only C17-alkylated testosterone- and androstenediolderivates have been used for oral androgen treatment. These steroids given in higher doses or for longer periods all have an inhibitory effect on gonadotrophin secretion of the hypophysis and on the testicular tissue. Investigations with Mesterolone (1-methyl-androstane-17β-ol-3-one), a new androgen, are described. Like other investigators we did not find any inhibitory effect on gonadotrophin-secretion and on the number of spermatozoa. We further showed that there is no effect on the testicular tissue when Mesterolone is given up to a total dose of 12 570 mg over 4 months. 17-ketosteroid excretion in the urine is increased by the metabolite 1α-methyl-androsterone. 17-ketogenic steroids are also increased, and this cannot be explained at present. There is no impairment of hepatic function. The androgenic effect of Mesterolone is good. The absence of inhibition of gonadotrophin-secretion by Mesterolone could be explained by the fact, that the ring A in the steroid molecule is saturated. This kind of steroid cannot be aromatized to oestrogens, which have the greatest inhibiting effect on the gonadotrophin-function of the hypophysis.
ACUTE ENZYME HISTOCHEMICAL CHANGES IN THE ZONA GLOMERULOSA OF THE RAT ADRENAL CORTEX
Authors: Elema J. D. , Hardonk M. J. , Koudstaal Joh. , Arends A. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
In order to evaluate a possible role of the renin-angiotensin system in enzyme histochemical changes of the rat adrenal cortex seen after acute hyponatraemia, the effect of a preceding total nephrectomy was investigated. By this procedure it was found that the alterations were largely inhibited. The results therefore favour a role of the renin-angiotensin system in these changes. Moreover it was found that bilateral nephrectomy alone also induced an enhanced zona glomerulosa activity which may be due to a direct effect of changes in potassium homoeostasis.
MECHANISM OF GOITROGENESIS BY VERY LOW DOSES OF PROPYLTHIOURACIL AND THE ROLE OF IODINE INTAKE
Authors: Herrera Emilio , del Rey Francisco Escobar , de Escobar Gabriella Morreale 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The effects of the daily feeding of 6 μg of propylthiouracil1/rat for about two weeks on the thyroid of animals maintained on different levels of iodine intake (from 0.5–3.6 μg/day/100 g BW) have been investigated. We have confirmed previous observations by other authors (Yamada & Schichijo 1962; Greer et al. 1962) showing that very low doses of PTU increase thyroid weight in rats on a low iodine supply without necessarily decreasing their rather low plasma PBI or their high thyroidal 131I uptake, and that the same doses no longer have an effect on thyroid weight if the iodine intake is raised. In the present experiments this occurred when the iodine intake was raised to about 1.2–1.3 μg/day/100 g BW. As shown here, it is unlikely that these low doses of PTU block synthesis of the thyroid hormones. They do, however, slightly inhibit the extrathyroidal deiodination of T4 and they probably trigger thyrotrophin (TSH) release from the pituitary gland. The present findings are compatible with the view that very small doses of PTU can be goitrogenic if the rats are on an iodine intake which is barely adequate for normal peripheral requirements, because these are increased chronically, even if slightly. Because of the low iodine stores the thyroid would then be unable to compensate for these increased hormone requirements. Even a small increase of available iodine may avoid this situation so that the effects of the low PTU doses are no longer detectable either in the plasma TSH activity or in the thyroid weight. The low PTU doses used here appear to hasten and aggravate a situation which would eventually develop from a more prolonged or a more severe degree of iodine deficiency only. The experimental situation induced by these low PTU doses might serve as an interesting model system for the study of simple goitre in areas in which iodine deficiency is not too extreme.
IODATION DE PROTEINES DE LA THYROIDE HUMAINE (NORMALE ET PATHOLOGIQUE)
Authors: Etling N. , Martin A. , Vallée G. , Lachiver F. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The radioiodine distribution between the different soluble thyroid proteins was studied after 125I administration, in normal human thyroid tissues and in several pathological tissues, by sucrose gradient ultra-centrifugation.
In normal human, the most part of the radioactivity is bound to 19 S thyroglobulin, and also, for a small percentage, to 12 S and 27 S proteins. The repartition seems similar from 2 hours to 7 days after isotope administration.
The stable iodine proportion bound to the proteins precipitating between 35–50 per cent of ammonium sulfate saturation is almost the same as the radioactive iodine percentage precipitating in the same zone.
In the pathological thyroids, the radioactivity distribution between the 12, 19 and 27 S proteins gives normal results in toxic adenoma, simple goiter and in a tumour, but is different from normal results in a Hashimoto thyroiditis.