bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Health systems, health policies, and health issues for people with intellectual disabilities in England
Authors: Breau Genevieve 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPeople with intellectual disabilities face health disparities, including in high‐income countries such as the United Kingdom, despite publicly funded healthcare. This paper describes the healthcare system in England (a nation of the United Kingdom) for the general population, and more specifically for people with intellectual disabilities. Key legislation that impacts the lives of people with intellectual disabilities, such as the UK Equality Act 2010 (https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2010/15/contents), the Mental Capacity Act 2005 (https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2005/9/contents), and the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, and its implementation in the United Kingdom, is discussed. The role of deinstitutionalization and the shift to living in the community for people with intellectual disabilities is also discussed. Programmes that have been implemented to address the health disparities experienced by people with intellectual disabilities are reviewed. Finally, the recent changes to healthcare organization in the UK, the COVID‐19 pandemic, and the implementation of the Valuing People white paper are discussed.
Leveraging opportunities for treatment/user simplicity (LOTUS): Navigating the current treatment landscape for achieving hepatitis C virus elimination among persons who inject drugs
Authors: Sulkowski Mark S. , Martinez Anthony , Tyson Gia L. , Scholz Kathleen , Franco Ricardo A. , Kohli Anita , Julius Susan F. , Deming Paulina , Fink Scott A. , Lynch Keisa , Roytman Marina , Stainbrook Tuesdae R. , Turner Marshe D. , Viera‐Briggs Matthew , Ramers Christian B. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAll‐oral, direct‐acting antivirals can cure hepatitis C virus (HCV) in almost all infected individuals; yet, many individuals with chronic HCV are not treated, and the incidence of acute HCV is increasing in some countries, including the United States. Strains on healthcare resources during the COVID‐19 pandemic negatively impacted the progress toward the World Health Organization goal to eliminate HCV by 2030, especially among persons who inject drugs (PWID). Here, we present a holistic conceptual framework termed LOTUS (Leveraging Opportunities for Treatment/User Simplicity), designed to integrate the current HCV practice landscape and invigorate HCV treatment programs in the setting of endemic COVID‐19: (A) treatment as prevention (especially among PWID), (B) recognition that HCV cure may be achieved with variable adherence with evidence supporting some forgiveness for missed doses, (C) treatment of all persons with active HCV infection (viremic), regardless of acuity, (D) minimal monitoring (MinMon) during treatment, and (E) rapid test and treat (TnT). The objective of this article is to review the current literature supporting each LOTUS petal; identify remaining gaps in knowledge or data; define the remaining barriers facing healthcare providers; and review evidence‐based strategies for overcoming key barriers.
Linking the key physiological functions of essential micronutrients to their deficiency symptoms in plants
Authors: Lilay Grmay Hailu , Thiébaut Noémie , du Mee Dorine , Assunção Ana G. L. , Schjoerring Jan Kofod , Husted Søren , Persson Daniel Pergament 
Published: March 2024

SummaryIn this review, we untangle the physiological key functions of the essential micronutrients and link them to the deficiency responses in plants. Knowledge of these responses at the mechanistic level, and the resulting deficiency symptoms, have improved over the last decade and it appears timely to review recent insights for each of them. A proper understanding of the links between function and symptom is indispensable for an accurate and timely identification of nutritional disorders, thereby informing the design and development of sustainable fertilization strategies. Similarly, improved knowledge of the molecular and physiological functions of micronutrients will be important for breeding programmes aiming to develop new crop genotypes with improved nutrient‐use efficiency and resilience in the face of changing soil and climate conditions.
Evaluation of the Anatomical Reference Point in Posterior Minimally Invasive Atlantoaxial Spine Surgery: A Cadaveric Anatomical Study
Authors: Lian Peirong , Chen Hu , Wang Wanshun , Zhu Changrong , Tu Qiang , Ma Xiangyang , Xia Hong , Yi Honglei 
Published: March 2024

ObjectiveMinimally invasive atlantoaxial surgery offers the benefits of reduced trauma and quicker recovery. Previous studies have focused on feasibility and technical aspects, but the lack of comprehensive safety information has limited its availability and widespread use. This study proposes to define the feasibility and range of surgical safety using the intersection of the greater occipital nerve and the inferior border of the inferior cephalic oblique as a reference point.MethodsDissection was performed on 10 fresh cadavers to define the anatomical reference point as the intersection of the greater occipital nerve and the inferior border of the inferior cephalic oblique muscle. The study aimed to analyze the safety range of minimally invasive atlantoaxial fusion surgery by measuring the distance between the anatomical reference point and the transverse foramen of the axis, the distance between the anatomical reference point and the superior border of the posterior arch of the atlas, and the distance between the anatomical reference point and the spinal canal. Measurements were compared using Student's t test.ResultsThe point where the occipital greater nerve intersects with the inferior border of the inferior cephalic oblique muscle was defined as the anatomical marker for minimally invasive posterior atlantoaxial surgery. The distance between this anatomical marker and the transverse foramen of the axis was measured to be 9.32 ± 2.04 mm. Additionally, the distance to the superior border of the posterior arch of the atlas was found to be 21.29 ± 1.93 mm, and the distance to the spinal canal was measured to be 11.53 ± 2.18 mm. These measurement results can aid surgeons in protecting the vertebral artery and dura mater during minimally invasive posterior atlantoaxial surgery.ConclusionsThe intersection of the greater occipital nerve with the inferior border of the inferior cephalic oblique muscle is a safe and reliable anatomical landmark in minimally invasive posterior atlantoaxial surgery.
Artificial intelligence, machine learning, and big data: Improvements to the science of people at work and applications to practice
Authors: Woo Sang Eun , Tay Louis , Oswald Frederick 
Published: March 2024

AbstractCurrently, in the organizational research community, artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), and big data techniques are being vigorously explored as a set of modern‐day approaches contributing to a multidisciplinary science of people at work. This paper discusses more specifically how these sophisticated technologies, methods, and data might together advance the science of people at work through various routes, including improving theory and knowledge, construct measurements, and predicting real‐world outcomes. Inspired by the four articles in the current special issue highlighting several of these aspects in essential ways, we also share other possibilities for future organizational research. In addition, we indicate many key practical, ethical, and institutional challenges with research involving AI/ML and big data (i.e., data accessibility, methodological skill gaps, data transparency, privacy, reproducibility, generalizability, and interpretability). Taken together, the opportunities and challenges that lie ahead in the areas of AI and ML promise to reshape organizational research and practice in many exciting and impactful ways.
Living‐donor liver transplantation for methylmalonic acidemia patient with hepatocellular carcinoma: A case report and literature review
Authors: Deguchi Harunori , Sakamoto Seisuke , Shimizu Seiichi , Fukuda Akinari , Uchida Hajime , Yanagi Yusuke , Nakao Toshimasa , Kodama Tasuku , Komine Ryuji , Nishi Kentaro , Kamei Koichi , Haga Chizuko , Yoshioka Takako , Matsumoto Kimikazu , Horikawa Reiko , Kasahara Mureo 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundMethylmalonic acidemia (MMA) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by defects in propionyl‐CoA (P‐CoA) catabolism; of note, liver neoplasms rarely occur as a long‐term complication of the disorder. Herein, we report the case of a patient with MMA and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who was successfully treated with a living‐donor liver transplant (LDLT) following prior kidney transplantation.Case ReportA 25‐year‐old male patient with MMA underwent LDLT with a left lobe graft because of metabolic instability and liver neoplasms. He had presented with chronic symptoms of MMA, which had been diagnosed by genetic testing. Additionally, he had undergone living‐donor kidney transplantation with his father as the donor due to end‐stage kidney disease 6 years before the LDLT. He had an episode of metabolic decompensation triggered by coronavirus disease in 2019. Imaging studies revealed an intrahepatic neoplasm in the right hepatic lobe. Due to concerns about metabolic decompensation after hepatectomy, LDLT was performed using a left lobe graft obtained from the patient's mother. Pathological findings were consistent with the characteristics of well‐to‐moderately differentiated HCC. The postoperative course was uneventful, and the patient was discharged 48 days after the LDLT without any complications. At the 9‐month follow‐up, the patient's condition was satisfactory, with sufficient liver graft function and without metabolic decompensation.ConclusionThis case indicates that although HCC is a rare complication in patients with MMA, clinicians should be aware of hepatic malignancies during long‐term follow‐up.
Ten‐year follow‐up of cavoportal hemitransposition in pediatric liver transplantation for complete portomesenteric venous thrombosis: A case report and literature review
Authors: Barron John O. , Radhakrishnan Kadakkal , Coppa Christopher , Goldman Deborah , Hupertz Vera , Leonis Mike , Eghtesad Bijan , Hashimoto Koji 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundPortal vein thrombosis is a potentially devastating complication following pediatric liver transplantation. In rare instances of complete portomesenteric thrombosis, cavoportal hemitransposition may provide graft inflow. Here we describe long‐term results following a case of pediatric cavoportal hemitransposition during liver transplantation and review the current pediatric literature.MethodsA 9‐month‐old female with a history of biliary atresia and failed Kasai portoenterostomy underwent living donor liver transplantation, which was complicated by portomesenteric venous thrombosis. The patient underwent retransplantation with cavoportal hemitransposition on postoperative day 12.OutcomeThe patient recovered without further complication, and 10 years later, she continues to do well, with normal graft function and no clinical sequelae of portal hypertension. CT scan with 3‐D vascular reconstruction demonstrated recanalization of the splanchnic system, with systemic drainage to the inferior vena cava via an inferior mesenteric vein shunt. The cavoportal anastomosis remains patent with hepatopetal flow. Of the 12 previously reported cases of pediatric cavoportal hemitransposition as portal inflow in liver transplantation, this is the longest‐known follow‐up with a viable allograft. Notably, sequelae of portal hypertension were also rare in the 12 previously reported cases, with no cases of long‐term renal dysfunction, lower extremity edema, or ascites.ConclusionsLong‐term survival beyond 10 years with normal graft function is feasible following pediatric cavoportal hemitransposition. Complications related to portal hypertension were generally short‐lived, likely due to the development of robust collateral circulation. Additional reports of long‐term outcomes are necessary to facilitate informed decision making when considering pediatric cavoportal hemitransposition for liver graft inflow.
An analysis of the contents of the young‐onset dementia helpline: profiles of clients who consulted the helpline themselves
Authors: Kogata Tomohiro , Saito Chiaki , Kato Fukiko , Kudo Jumpei , Yamaguchi Yusuke , Lee Sangyoon , Washimi Yukihiko 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundYoung‐onset dementia (YOD) community care requires personalised approaches. Yet, the specific details of YOD consultations are unclear. This study explored how initial consultations correlate with client profiles.MethodsData from regional YOD helplines were used to analyze the main characteristics of people living with YOD or who had concerns about the possibility of YOD (n = 132). Among several categorical variables, the following were used for analysis: age group, sex, type of living arrangement, employment status, presence of dementia, and content of the consultation. To identify groups of items that frequently occur together, strongly connected rules were identified using association rule analysis with the a priori algorithm. To focus on the characteristics of clients, rules related to client characteristics were extracted based on the type of consultation.ResultsA total of 51 rules were identified for the consultations. These rules fell into two categories: (1) consultations for medical matters, which mainly involved employed individuals with undiagnosed dementia, and (2) other consultations on daily life or work, which mainly involved individuals diagnosed with dementia and were characterised by the influence of sex. These rules indicate the importance of medical involvement in confirming the diagnosis and specific individualised care following diagnosis for people living with YOD.ConclusionClients with or without a dementia diagnosis were consulted differently in the YOD helplines. Before receiving a diagnosis, medical matters were the main theme of consultations, whereas after receiving a diagnosis, adjustments to daily life or work were the main themes. The results of this study suggest that the needs of people living with YOD and the services they require may vary depending on their backgrounds.
Lost in translation: Unveiling medical students' untold errors of medical history documentation
Authors: Lange Silvan , Krüger Nils , Warm Maximilian , Buechel Johanna , Genzel‐Boroviczény Orsolya , Fischer Martin R. , Dimitriadis Konstantinos 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe accurate documentation of a medical history interview is an important goal in medical education. As students' documentation of medical history interviews is mostly decentralised on the wards, a systematic assessment of documentation quality is missing. We therefore evaluated the extent of details missed in students' medical history reports in a standardised setting.MethodsIn this prospective, observational study, 123 of 380 students (32.4%) participated in an Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) regarding history taking and documentation. Based on the interviews and nine deductively selected main categories, a categorical system was established using a summarising qualitative content analysis. The items in the transcripts (defined as ground truth) and in students' reports were labelled and assigned to the correct subcategory. The ground truth and students' reports were compared to quantify students' documentation completeness.ResultsNext to the nine deductively selected main categories, 61 subcategories were defined. A total of 8943 items were labelled in the 123 interview transcripts (ground truth), compared with 5870 items labelled in students' reports (65.6% completeness of students' reports compared with ground truth). The main category personal details overlapped with 94.2% between students' report and ground truth in contrast to the main category with the highest discrepancy, allergy, with 41.1% overlap. Pertinent negative items and non‐numerical quantifications were often missed.ConclusionsMedical students show incomplete documentation of medical history interviews. Therefore, accurate documentation should be taught as an important goal in medical education.
Computed tomographic diagnosis and clinical outcomes of small intestinal obstruction caused by trichobezoars in client‐owned rabbits
Authors: Di Girolamo Nicola , Tollefson Christopher 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSmall intestinal obstruction in rabbits, although demonstrated to be common, is still poorly characterized. The objective of this study was to report features of small intestinal obstruction caused by trichobezoars in rabbits upon CT and their clinical outcomes. Rabbits with a diagnosis of intestinal obstruction that underwent CT scanning were included in this study. From each CT scan, obstruction location, appearance, Hounsfield units, size (mm), volume (mm3), distance from the stomach, and diameter of the small intestine proximal and distal to it, were extracted. Nine rabbits were included in the study. All rabbits presented for anorexia and had a distended or enlarged stomach (7) or abdomen (2). CT scan showed a non‐contrast‐enhancing, ovoid, smoothly marginated structure with a hyperattenuating rim, heterogeneous center, and variable amount of centrally located gas, in the duodenum (5), the jejunum (2), or the ileum (2). The density of the trichobezoars ranged from −156 to 58 HU (median, −44 HU) and volume ranged from 86.1 to 633.8 mm3(median, 320.6 mm3). Three rabbits underwent medical management. Two of them survived, and one of them died. Six rabbits underwent surgery, of which three were successfully discharged from the hospital. CT proved to be a valuable imaging modality in rabbits with a suspected intestinal obstruction to provide the exact location of the obstruction and the characteristics of the obstructive material. The location and size of the trichobezoar may have relevant clinical implications.
Challenges for global antibiotic regimen planning and establishing antimicrobial resistance targets: implications for the WHO Essential Medicines List and AWaRe antibiotic book dosing
Authors: Reza Nada , Gerada Alessandro , Stott Katharine E. , Howard Alex , Sharland Mike , Hope William 
Published: March 2024

SUMMARY

The World Health Organisation’s 2022 AWaRe Book provides guidance for the use of 39 antibiotics to treat 35 infections in primary healthcare and hospital facilities. We review the evidence underpinning suggested dosing regimens. Few (
n
= 18) population pharmacokinetic studies exist for key oral AWaRe antibiotics, largely conducted in homogenous and unrepresentative populations hindering robust estimates of drug exposures. Databases of minimum inhibitory concentration distributions are limited, especially for community pathogen-antibiotic combinations. Minimum inhibitory concentration data sources are not routinely reported and lack regional diversity and community representation. Of studies defining a pharmacodynamic target for ß-lactams (
n
= 80), 42 (52.5%) differed from traditionally accepted 30%–50% time above minimum inhibitory concentration targets. Heterogeneity in model systems and pharmacodynamic endpoints is common, and models generally use intravenous ß-lactams. One-size-fits-all pharmacodynamic targets are used for regimen planning despite complexity in drug-pathogen-disease combinations. We present solutions to enable the development of global evidence-based antibiotic dosing guidance that provides adequate treatment in the context of the increasing prevalence of antimicrobial resistance and, moreover, minimizes the emergence of resistance.
Re-framing the importance of Group B
Streptococcus
as a gut-resident pathobiont
Authors: Ling Joie , Hryckowian Andrew J. 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT

Streptococcus agalactiae
(Group B
Streptococcus
, GBS) is a Gram-positive bacterial species that causes disease in humans across the lifespan. While antibiotics are used to mitigate GBS infections, it is evident that antibiotics disrupt human microbiomes (which can predispose people to other diseases later in life), and antibiotic resistance in GBS is on the rise. Taken together, these unintended negative impacts of antibiotics highlight the need for precision approaches for minimizing GBS disease. One possible approach involves selectively depleting GBS in its commensal niches before it can cause disease at other body sites or be transmitted to at-risk individuals. One understudied commensal niche of GBS is the adult gastrointestinal (GI) tract, which may predispose colonization at other body sites in individuals at risk for GBS disease. However, a better understanding of the host-, microbiome-, and GBS-determined variables that dictate GBS GI carriage is needed before precise GI decolonization approaches can be developed. In this review, we synthesize current knowledge of the diverse body sites occupied by GBS as a pathogen and as a commensal. We summarize key molecular factors GBS utilizes to colonize different host-associated niches to inform future efforts to study GBS in the GI tract. We also discuss other GI commensals that are pathogenic in other body sites to emphasize the broader utility of precise de-colonization approaches for mitigating infections by GBS and other bacterial pathogens. Finally, we highlight how GBS treatments could be improved with a more holistic understanding of GBS enabled by continued GI-focused study.
Characterizing the microbial metagenome of calcareous stromatolite formations in the San Felipe Creek in the Anza Borrego Desert
Authors: Stancheva Rosalina , Sethuraman Arun , Khadivar Hossein , Archambeau Jenna , Caughran Ella , Chang Ashley , Hunter Brad , Ihenyen Christian , Onwukwe Marvin , Palacios Dariana , La Prairie Chloe , Read Nicole , Tsang Julianna , Vega Brianna , Velasquez Cristina , Zhang Xiaoyu , Becket Elinne , Read Betsy 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT

We describe the metagenome composition, community functional annotation, and prokaryote diversity in calcareous stromatolites from a dry stream bed of the San Felipe Creek in the Anza Borrego Desert. Analyses show a community capable of nitrogen fixation, assimilatory nitrate reduction, biofilm formation, quorum sensing, and potential thick-walled akinete formation for desiccation resistance.