bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Depression of Respiratory Muscles and Defective Responses to Nasal Obstruction during Active Sleep in the Newborn
Authors: HENDERSON‐SMART D. J. , READ D. J. C. 
Published: March 2008

Henderson‐Smart, D. J. and Read, D. J. C. (1976).
Aust. paediat. J., 12, 261–266. Depression of respiratory muscles and defective responses to nasal obstruction during active sleep in the newborn. Rib‐cage and abdominal movements were recorded during different sleep stages in 22 healthy babies at ages up to 3 months and in 8 older infants up to 10 months. During active sleep, all babies and 6 infants developed: (i) rib‐cage collapse during diaphragmatic descent; (ii) overall deflation of the rib‐cage. Oesophageal pressure recordings in 7 babies showed that this paradoxical rib‐cage motion was not accompanied by increased negativity of intra‐pleural pressure, and was therefore not due to intermittent airway obstruction.In 7 newborn lambs, the development of rib‐cage paradox during active sleep was related to a marked reduction of the electromyographic (EMG) activity of intercostal and abdominal muscles. During quiet sleep, nasal occlusion initiated a strong reflex augmentation of intercostal EMG activity and prompt arousal, whereas in active sleep these defensive responses were absent. A reduction of pulmonary O2‐stores and ventilation may result during active sleep, making the newborn baby vulnerable to a rapid development of hypoxaemia, respiratory depression and sudden infant death (crib‐death).
Lobar Atelectasis after Nasotracheal Intubation in Newborn Infants
Authors: ROPER P. C. , VONWILLER J. B. , FISK G. C. , GUPTA J. M. 
Published: March 2008

Roper, P. C., Vonwiller, J. B., Fisk, G. C. and Gupta, J. M. (1976).
Aust. paediat. J., 12, 272–275. Lobar atelectasis after nasotracheal intubation in newborn infants. Atelectasis of the right upper lobe is not uncommon after removal of a nasotracheal tube which has been in place for several days. Lobar atelectasis developed in 18 of 188 who were intubated. Six patients had atelectasis of various lobes (predominantly the right upper lobe) while intubated, and 12 after extubation (all of these being the right upper lobe or right lung).Two patients had recurrent atelectasis, a nasotracheal tube being reinserted for periods of several days. Since then the management of patients after extubation has been changed. Physiotherapy is aimed at clearing the right upper lobe. When tracheal suction is needed, intubation is limited to a few minutes. The average time to expand the affected lobes has been less with this regime. It is suggested that atelectasis of the right upper lobe is associated with (1) damage to the main bronchus by suction catheters and (2) the position of the right upper lobe bronchus.
The Height and Weight Changes of Melbourne Children Compared with Other Population Groups*
Authors: BOWDEN B. D. , JOHNSON JILL , RAY L. J. , TOWNS JOAN 
Published: March 2008

Bowden, B. D., Johnson, Jill, Ray, L. J. and Towns, Joan (1976).
Aust. paediat. J., 12, 281–295. The height and weight changes of Melbourne children compared with other population groups. Serial height and weight records of 120 Melbourne children from 2 to 20 years of age have been compared with figures for 323 Melbourne University students, Meyers' 1956 Australian standards, the 1973 New South Wales survey, a South Australian survey, British standards, United States data and with Aboriginal data.Significant differences are shown at selected ages between the Melbourne groups and the other Australian studies, which seem related to definite varying population groups. The Melbourne group appear to be slightly ahead of the British group in maturation and growth but appear minimally behind the American group. The differences in maturation between population groups could produce clinically significant errors in assessment of growth trends if standards are interpreted too freely.
Growth and Development of Fat in Adolescent School Children in Victoria Part 1. Normal Growth Values and Prevalence of Obesity
Authors: COURT J. M. , DUNLOP MARJORIE , REYNOLDS M. , RUSSELL J. , GRIFFITHS LEONIE 
Published: March 2008

Court, J. M., Dunlop, Marjorie, Reynolds, M., Russell, J. and Griffiths, Leonie (1976).
Aust. paediat. J., 12, 296–304. Growth and development of fat in adolescent school children in Victoria. Part I. Normal growth values and prevalence of obesity.A cross‐sectional study of 5347 Victorian secondary school children aged 11–18 years is reported. Measurements of height, weight and skinfold thickness over triceps and subscapular regions have been used to construct centile charts for these parameters.Centile values for Victorian children indicate that they are somewhat shorter than British children and have somewhat greater triceps skinfold thickness measurements.Obesity has been defined as a weight 20% in excess of the expected weight for height and age. On this basis, and comparing each child to the normal data, the prevalence of obesity was approximately 8% for girls and from 3.5 to 6.3% with increasing age for boys. From 17–20% of girls and 9–15% of boys were overweight by 10% or more of their expected weight for height.
Skeletal maturation in Australian Aborigines
Authors: BROWN T. , GRAVE K.C. 
Published: March 2008

Brown, T. and Grave, K.C. (1976). Aust. paediat. J., 12, 24–30. Skeletal maturation in Australian Aborigines. Skeletal ages of Aboriginal children living on a Commonwealth Government settlement at Yuendumu, in the Northern Territory, were assessed by rating standardized radiographs of the hand and wrist according to the Greulich‐Pyle atlas. On average, skeletal ages lagged behind chronological ages, more so in boys than in girls. The retardation relative to North American standards peaked at a value of 6 to 10 months between ages 7 to 14 years in boys. For most age groups in girls the retardation in skeletal development did not exceed 6 months.Limitations in the use of Greulich‐Pyle reference standards to assess skeletal development in children of a different ethnic group are discussed. However, in the absence of standards derived from Aboriginal children, ratings based on the atlas standards provide reliable estimates of skeletal development, particularly if appropriate adjustments are made to the age scale as indicated by the present findings.
THE OCCURRENCE OF ANAPLASMA MARGINALE IN CATTLE IN NEW SOUTH WLAES
Authors: Edgar Grahame 
Published: March 2008

Summary.A fatal case of A. marginale infection in a Jersey cow at Back Creek near Kyogle, N.S.W. is described. This is the first occasion upon which infection with this organism has been detected in this State. The vector was probably the cattle tick B. microplus.
VIBRIONIC DYSENTERY IN SWINE. The Isolation of a Vibrio from an Outbreak in new South Wales.
Authors: Roberts D. S. 
Published: March 2008

Summary.1. American, Swiss, Dutch and Australian literature on the subject of swine dysentery is briefly reviewed.2. An account is given of an outbreak in New South Wales.3. A vibrio has been isolated from the colon of a pig which was infected with material from the outbreak.4. Transmission experiments are described in which vibrio cultures fed to pigs produced a dysentery comparable to that produced by feeding infected large bowel.5. It is concluded that the vibrio isolated was the cause of the outbreak and that the disease which occurred was identical with the vibrionie dysentery described by Doyle (1945).
FIELD ASPECTS OF ACETONAEMIA OF DAIRY COWS.
Authors: Blood D. C. 
Published: March 2008

Summary.The clinical syndrome of acetonaemia in dairy cows is presented, based on 135 consecutive cases seen in a poor dairying area where much hand‐feeding was practised.A higher incidence of the disease was observed during periods when dietary intake was poor. Control of the disease in these circumstances is suggested to be by improved nutrition.Treatment of the disease was successfully accomplished with intravenous injections of glucose, oral dosing with glycerine or a combination of the two treatments. The latter resulted in immediate recovery in forty‐six of fifty cases treated.
BARBITURATE ANTAGONISM: THE USE OF “MEGIMIDE” AND OF “DAPTAZOLE” IN CURTAILING “NEMBUTAL” ANAESTHESIA, AND IN TREATING APNOEIO “NEMBUTAL” INTOXICATION IN SHEEP.
Authors: Turner A. W. , Hodgetts V. Elizabeth 
Published: March 2008

Summary.The intravenous administration of “Megimide” (mean dose rate 22.5 mg/kg) to sheep which had been under deep “Nembutal” anaesthesia (29 mg/kg) for ten minutes restored them immediately to consciousness, and greatly reduced the recovery time (26.4 ± 6.72 min), as compared with that of controls (76.9 ± 23.1 min). The administration of 300 mg “Daptazole” (7.55 mg/kg) five minutes before the “Megimide” did not significantly reduce the recovery time (24.5 ± 5.82 min) as compared with that after “Megimide” alone (28.5 ± 7.22 min).The administration of 300 mg “Daptazole.” immediately followed by a fixed dose of 150 ml “Megimide” solution (mean dose rate = 18.9 mg “Megimide”/kg), to sheep rendered apnoeic by overdosage with “Nembutal” (mean dose rate = 54 mg/kg) restored breathing in four out of five in which treatment was begun immediately, and in six out of eight in which treatment was delayed for one minute, whereas four apnoeic control sheep treated with 150 ml normal saline died. The saving of 10 out of 13 (77 per cent.) apnoeic “Nembutal”‐poisoned sheep which had been denied all other ancillary treatment, such as artificial respiration, is a clear demonstration of the value of this treatment in restoring respiration, and in overcoming barbiturate poisoning.
THE MAJOR CAUSES FOR CONDEMNATION OF MEAT IN N.S.W.
Authors: Brydon P. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryThe main causes for condemnation of meat in the year 1959 at the State Abattoir, Homebush, N.S.W. for cattle, pigs, sheep and calves are recorded. Diseases and conditions which are seen only occasionally have been omitted. A variable amount of the meat passed for human consumption may subsequently be condemned due to postmortem changes. This is not recorded. The incidence of certain diseases is, where possible, compared with previous records to show the position in regard to disease control. Records have been maintained of tuberculosis to show the incidence in the various lymph nodes of the body and of eye cancer to show the incidence in the various breeds of cattle.
FACIAL ECZEMA
Authors: Hore D. E. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryDuring the autumn of 1959 a wide‐spread outbreak of a disease similar to that known as facial eczema in New Zealand occurred in Eastern Victoria.High minimum air temperatures associated with 50 points of rain are considered to have assisted in the development of pasture toxicity.The clinical and pathological observations in this facial eczema outbreak are described.Pathogenicity tests with the fungus Sporidesmium baked, isolated from Gippsland pastures, produced liver damage similar to that of facial eczema in one lamb.
MORTALITIES OF SHEEP AFTER ARSENIC DIPPING
Authors: O'Byrne T. , Yeast J. C. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryDetails are provided of 31 post dipping mortalities in sheep referred to Glenfield. In at least 24 of the cases, one or more factors operated to retard drying of the sheep following dipping, so that it is considered that such actions as dipping long woolled sheep, dipping late in the day, dipping during or with subsequent rain and shedding dipped sheep, are all conducive to excessive percutaneous absorption and post dipping losses. However, experimentally it has not been possible to produce ill effects by dipping under conditions favouring excessive percutaneous absorption only, and it is suggested that toxic absorption of arsenic from the dip may be caused by the combined effects of excessive percutaneous absorption plus absorption from the alimentary tract. Analyses of tissues from, sheep dying subsequent to dipping are included and the interpretation of such analytical figures are discussed.
THORACIC SURGERY IN SMALL ANIMALS
Authors: BURNS R. H. G. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryAn attempt has been made to outline methods of dealing with the simple aspects of thoracic surgery in small animals. It has been emphasized that any veterinarian with average surgical ability can well perform this work with the minimum amount of equipment. Mention only has been made of the operation for removal of heart worms from the pulmonary artery. It it hoped at a later date to give a short account of this type of work.
ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION OF PIGS IN AUSTRALIA
Authors: Lingam S. A. , Campbell E. A. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe viability of boar semen was investigated, using various buffers. It was found that storage temperature was the greatest factor affecting viability.Semen should be kept at a constant temperature of 15°C.When despatched long distances by road, motility appears to be impaired.
OBSERVATIONS OF SW AINSONA GALEGIFOLIA POISONING IN CATTLE IN NORTHERN NEW SOUTH WALES
Authors: Hartley W. J. , Gibson A. J. F. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryA mild interstitial pneumonia with mononuclear cell infiltration was produced in calves following intra‐tracheal inoculation of the BIL adenovirus. Viral antigen appeared early in the regional lymph node. An interstitial reaction developed early in the lungs, and pneumonic lesions and infective virus were present by the third day after inoculation. Virus spread rapidly to trachea, tonsils and nasal mucosa, and was excreted from the third to eighth day.Upper and lower respiratory tissues continually harboured virus until the 12th day, when the experiment was terminated. The virus was isolated from the livers of two calves.All tissues yielded low concentrations of virus, and only the lung showed pathological reactions.The reactions were qualitatively similar to known adenovirus pneumonias, but considerably milder, and lacked the characteristic necrotic and proliferative bronchiolar changes.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PELVIC DIMENSIONS, OTHER BODY MEASUREMENTS AND DYSTOCIA IN DORSET HORN EWES
Authors: Fogarty N. M. , Thompson J. M. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryFifteen live and 16 post slaughter measurements were recorded from each of 29 mature Dorset Horn ewes in an investigation of pelvic dimensions and their association with past history of dystocia or difficult birth amongst the ewes. For comparison with a breed having a low incidence of dystocia, similar measurements were recorded from 6 mature Border Leicester ewes with no previous history of dystocia.The range in size of the Dorset Horn pelves was considerable, with conjugate diameter being more variable than transverse diameter (P < 0.05) and a more important cause of variation in pelvic area. A higher incidence of dystocia amongst the Dorset Horn ewes tended to be associated with smaller pelvic areas (r =—0.34; P = 0.08). Pelvic area and conjugate diameter were significantly less (73.4 v 82.8 cm2, P < 0.01; and 9.9 v 10.9 cm, P < 0.05, respectively) for those ewes which had dystocia at more than 65% of their lambings, suggesting that pelvic area and conjugate diameter may be factors with critcial levels in predisposition to dystocia. The Border Leicester pelves were 21 % greater in area (P < 0.01) and 17% greater in conjugate diameter (P < 0.01) than the Dorset Horn pelves, although there was no difference in their transverse diameters.In general, measurements in the region of the pelvis were closely correlated with transverse diameter of the pelvis but not with pelvic area or conjugate diameter. Forelimb length and bodylength were the only measurements recorded in the live Dorset Horn ewes that were significantly correlated (P < 0.01) with both pelvic area (r = 0.53 and r = 0.47 respectively) and conjugate diameter (r = 0.48 and r = 0.49 respectively). However, these live measurements accounted for less than 35% of the variation in conjugate diameter and pelvic area when included in a multiple regression equation.
CANINE PNEUMONIA CAUSED BY PNEUMOCYSTIS CARINII.
Authors: Copland J. W. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryOne confirmed case and three clinically diagnosed cases of canine pneumocystis pneumonia are described I closely‐related, pedigreed Miniature Dachshunds. The main clinical sign were respiratory embarrasasment, loss of weight with out loss of appetite, normal temperature and low exercise tolerance. Two cases were fatal and post mortem findings of one revealed generalized red hepatisation in the lungs with marked interstitial pneumonitis and eosinophilic honeycombmasses of P. carinii in the alveoli. The general pathology was similar to that described for human pneumocystic pneumonia.
THIAMBUTENE AND ACEPROMAZINE AS ANALGESIC AND PREANESTHETIC AGENTS IN HORSES AND SHEEP
Authors: Harbison W. D. , F.Slocombe R. , Watts Sandra J. , Stewart G. A. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryInvestigations into the analgesic effect of thiambutene and its value as a pre‐anaesthetic agent were carried out in the horse and the sheep. Special emphasis was placed on the post‐anaesthetic recovery period.Thiambutene produced analgesia in both species. Toxic effects such as muscle tremor and hyperkinesia occurred with high doses. Prior administration of acepromazine increased the tolerated doses of thiambutene, and satisfactory neuroleptanalgesic states were produced.Combined use of thiambutene and acepromazine in pre‐anaesthetic medication reduced the dose of thiopentone required for anaesthesia in both species and significantly improved post‐anaesthetic recovery.Administration of nalorphine in both species reduced the duration of the recovery period. In the horse, even after prolonged thiopentone anaesthesia, nalorphine produced a shorter, quieter recovery.It was concluded that pre‐anaesthetic medication with thiambutene and acepromazine facilitated thiopentone anaesthesia and greatly reduced the problems of post‐anaesthetic recovery in horses.
IS SARCOCYSTIS TENELLA TWO SPECIES?
Authors: Munday B. L. , Rickard M. D. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryWhen mutton containing microscopic sarcocysts of Sarcocystis spp was fed to dogs and cats, only dogs excreted sporocysts in their faeces. Conversely, mutton containing macroscopic sarcocysts produced infection in cats but not dogs. Sheep were experimentally infected with sporocysts from the faeces of dogs and cats either separately or together, and reciprocal feeding trials with their meat carried out with dogs and cats. The results of the experiments strongly suggest that Sarcocystis tenella of sheep may be 2 distinct species, one with the cat as definitive host, and the other parasitising the dog.
OVINE CYSTICERCOSIS IN THE ALBANY REGION OF WESTERN AUSTRALIA
Authors: WHITE J. B. , de CHANEET G. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryThe effect of a program to control Taenia ovis cysticercosis was investigated on 32 adjacent farms at Mt Manypeaks in Western Australia. Farmers were advised not to feed dogs any raw sheep meat or offal and they were supplied with sufficient cestocide to treat all their dogs every 2 months. Other aspects such as the need for control of the movement of dogs and the correct disposal of offal from home killing of sheep were discussed and recommendations made. The success of the program was determined by recording the incidence of Cysticercus ovis in lambs born on the farms and killed at a local abattoir, and the incidence of T. ovis in dogs on the farms.Before the trial 6.9% of lambs were infected with C. ovis and 11 of the 32 farms had a T. ovis infected dog. The C. ovis incidence figures fell to 2.8%, 0.5%, 1.8% and 0.3% for the four years of the trial, and only 1 dog, a recently introduced puppy, was found to be infected with T. ovis.The results are discussed and reasons for the success of the program as a whole and apparent individual farm failures are discussed.
ENCEPHALOLOPATHIES IN CATTLE IN TASMANIA
Authors: MUNDAY B. L. , MASON R. W. , HARTLEY W. J. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryFive central nervous diseases are described and their relationships to previously recorded conditions are discussed. The conditions are congenital inclusion‐body encephalopathy probably caused by a paramyxovirus infection, idiopathic neuraxial oedema of a newborn calf, focal symmetrical encephalomalacia of a young calf, yacca (Xan‐thorrhoea spp) poisoning of adult cattle leading to spinal demyelination, and focal demyelination and neuropathy in an adult cow.
SOME TOXICITY ASPECTS OF DICHLORVOS FLEA COLLARS IN CATS
Authors: Seawright A. A. , Costigan P. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARY The application of a dichlorvos flea collar to cats caused reduction of blood cholinesterase activity which reflected a generally slmilar reduction in the brain enzyme levels.The effects of the application of a single dichlorvos flea collar containing 500 mg of the insecticide were observed in 23 growing cats for periods of from 1 to 15 weeks. No overt signs of toxicity occurred and weight gain in young growing animals was not significantly affected. Whole blood cholinesterase was reduced within the first week of application of the collar and remained below pretreatment levels for 5 to 8 weeks before returning to normal presumably as the insecticide concentration in the resin was progressively reduced. Signs of systemic organophosphate toxicity did occur within 1 week of the application of three collars to each of two cats kept in the same cage. This suggested that the likelihood of toxicity occurring in cats following the use of dichlorvos flea collars depended mainly on the degree of exposure to the insecticide. Considering recent reports in the literature it was proposed that the environmental conditions of temperature (11† to 23†C) and relative humidity (50 to 65%) under which the experiments were carried out would have promoted a relatively low atmospheric concentration of dichlorvos in the near environment of the test animals and hence generally prevented occurrence of clinical signs. Under most conditions of keeping domestic cats in Australia the use of a single dischlorvos flea collar should therefore be without any untoward effect although some initial and translent inhibition of whole blood and nervous tissue cholinesterases would be expected.
MANAGEMENT FACTORS AND GRASS TETANY IN DAIRY CATTLE
Authors: Rogers G. , Porter R. , Jolley L. C. , Leaver D. D. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARY The relationship between intensity of production and the occurrence of hypomagnesaemia and grass tetany in dairy cattle was investigated from 1966–1970 at the Ellinbank Dairy Research Station, Warragul, Victoria.Hypomagnesaemla and/or grass tetany occurred in cows grazing at both high (3.2 cows/hectare) and low (2.2 cows/hectare) stocking rates over the four‐year period. Pasture Mg concentrations remained relatively high (0.2% dry matter) throughout this period, except in the low stocking rate pastures in one year, 1967.It is concluded that hypomagnesaemia and grass tetany was precipitated by a combination of low dry matter intake in winter and the effects of a gradual increase in K concentration in autumn and winter pastures, following the heavy application of K fertilizer. Under these conditions, MgO supplementation was inadequate to prevant grass tetany occurring in some animals.
THE NEW SOUTH WALES MASTITIS CONTROL PROGRAM
Authors: Benson R. J. , Dettmann E. Belinda 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARY A mastitis control program carried out in 35 commercial dairy heards over three years increased the milk produced by 343 kg per cow***per year and the amount of butterfat by 15.8 kg per cow per year, giving a net benefits of $16.10 per cow per year by the end of the third year. The net benefit Is considerat***y understated since benefits other than the increase in milk production were not quantified.The overall disposal rate of 33 herds showed a drop from 19.3% in year 1 to 13.6% In year 3. An analysis of culling records showed that as the severity of mastitis Increased so did cow age.