bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deciphering the Involvement of Chronic Inflammation in Osteoarthritis: Evaluation of Complement 3 and Cathepsin D in Osteoarthritic Patients—A Retrospective Case Study
Authors: Dhilip Ashita , Parameswari R. P. 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Background and Aim:
Osteoarthritis (OA) stands as the prevailing degenerative joint condition, and although it is widely observed, its precise causes are not fully understood. The main focus of the study was to assess the role of Complement C3 and Cathepsin D in the development of knee osteoarthritis (OA), which is the most prevalent degenerative joint disease.

Materials and Methods:
The study was carried out in 20 patients with knee OA and 20 healthy control group. OA knee (Grade II/III, Radiological Kellgren and Lawrence (K/L) classification), aged between 40 and 65 years were able to walk with a painful knee. The study also included healthy age-matched controls. The concentration of Complement C3 and Cathepsin D in serum was determined.

Results:
The results of the present study demonstrated significantly (P < 0.001) higher concentrations of C3 and Cathepsin D in OA patients in comparison to that of the healthy aged matched control group.

Conclusions:
The analysis showed that inflammatory markers, Complement C3 as well as Cathepsin D may be used as diagnostic markers of knee OA. The observations suggest that the activation of the complement system mainly affects processes within the joints, while C3 appears to play a central role in generating a systemic inflammatory response.
In Silico Molecular Modeling to Identify the Role of Enzymes Involved in Mitochondriogenesis Upon Malvidin-3-Glucoside Effect
Authors: Kumar Aparna Ashok , Renu Kaviyarasi 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Aim:
Mitochondriogenesis refers to the process of creating and maintaining mitochondria, which plays an essential role in cellular metabolism. Mitochondrial processes such as energy generation, the response to oxidative stress, and cell death are all tightly regulated by enzymes. The flavonoid molecule malvidin-3-glucoside (M3G), which may be found in a wide variety of fruits and vegetables, has been shown to improve mitochondrial activity. However, the precise enzymes that mediate M3G’s effect on mitochondriogenesis are yet unknown.

Method:
Here, we used in silico molecular modeling tools to look at how enzymes contribute to mitochondriogenesis after M3G administration. We used computational methods to discover candidate target enzymes known to interact with M3G and play important roles in mitochondrial physiology. Molecular docking was conducted to measure the binding affinity and stability of the M3G-enzyme complexes. The found enzymes’ structural and functional features were analyzed using bioinformatics techniques, and the predicted functional implications of their interaction with M3G were formulated.

Result:
Our goal in doing these studies was to understand better how M3G regulates mitochondriogenesis by the action of altering SIRT-1, AMPK, and PGC-1α via M3G.

Conclusion:
In sum, our findings provide light on the molecular pathways by which M3G influences mitochondriogenesis. Furthermore, experimental validation of the discovered enzymes and their interactions with M3G may aid in the development of therapeutic approaches to improve mitochondrial function and cellular health.
Comparative Evaluation of Residual Antibacterial Substantivity of Chlorhexidine, MTAD and Chitosan Against Enterococcus Faecalis in Human Root Dentin – An In vitro Study
Authors: Sonisha S , Gaffoor Faisal MA , Gopakumar Rethi , Girish C Sabari , Mohan Remya , Anoop VN 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Complex anatomy of the root canal system results in incomplete debridement with mechanical instrumentation, leaving some areas or root canal walls untouched. There comes the significance of endodontic irrigants with residual antibacterial substantivity which prolongs the post-antibiotic effect, thereby improving the success and predictability of endodontic treatment.

Aim:
To comparatively evaluate the residual antibacterial substantivity of 2% chlorhexidine, Biopure MTAD and 2% chitosan against Enterococcus faecalis at intervals of 1, 14 and 28 days.

Materials and Methods:
Seventy-five therapeutically extracted permanent single rooted mandibular premolars teeth were selected. Dentin blocks of 4 mm thickness were prepared and enlarged to 1.6 mm. The autoclaved blocks were inoculated with 24-hour colonies of pure cultures of E. faecalis for 14 days. After the contamination period, canals of each dentin block were irrigated with 5 ml of sterile saline and dried with sterile paper points. A total of 75 dentin blocks were randomly divided into five groups as follows: Group A (21 specimens): 2% chlorhexidine, Group B (21 specimens): Biopure MTAD, Group C (21 specimens): 2% chitosan, Group D (6 specimens): positive control (infected dentin tubes) and Group E (six specimens): negative control (sterile dentin tubes). Then, the lumens of dentin blocks were irrigated with the respective irrigants for 10 mins and were dried using sterile paper points. The specimens were then incubated at 37°C for 28 days to maintain humidity. At experimental intervals of 1, 14 and 28 days, dentin shavings were removed from the canals of respective groups by circumferential filing with sterile no. 35 Hedstrom files. The powdered dentin samples obtained with each dentin block were observed for colony forming units (CFUs) using a Digital Colony counter and were expressed as CFUs/mL.

Result:
All the irrigants in the study showed a significant decrease in CFUs from day 1 to day 28 indicating that they have residual antibacterial substantivity against E. faecalis. Group B (Biopure MTAD) showed significantly least mean CFUs compared to Group A (2% CHX) and Group C (2% chitosan) against E. faecalis at B1(day 1), B2(day 14) and B3(day 28). Group A (2% CHX) showed significantly higher mean CFUs than Group C (2% chitosan) at A1(day 1). Group C (2% chitosan) showed significantly higher mean CFUs compared to Group A (2% CHX) at C2(day 14) and C3 (day 28).

Conclusion:
MTAD showed statistically higher residual antibacterial substantivity against E. faecalis at experimental periods of 1, 14 and 28 days. The residual antibacterial effect of 2% chitosan was better compared to 2% CHX at day 1. The residual antimicrobial substantivity of 2% CHX was higher compared to 2% chitosan at intervals of 14 and 28 days.
Comparative Evaluation of Efficiency of Different Endodontic File Systems; Protaper Universal, MTWO, Protaper Next, Trunatomy, I-Race in Terms of Remaining Dentin Thickness: An In vitro CBCT Analysis
Authors: Retnakaran Anju , Gaffoor Faisal M. A. , Gopakumar Rethi , Girish C Sabari , Sajeena N. C , Krishna N Gokul 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
The longevity of an endodontically treated tooth depends on fracture resistance by preserving more remaining dentin thickness. The aim of this study is to determine which file system preserves more remaining dentin thickness.

Materials and Methods:
Protaper universal, M-two, Protaper Next, Trunatomy, I-Race and mandibular first premolar. The removed dentin thickness during instrumentation of each file system was noted by taking the difference of RDT of pre-instrumentation and post-instrumentation with the aid of CBCT.

Results and Discussion:
TRN [Group-4] shows the least aggressive cutting with maximal preservation of remaining dentin thickness at 3 mm and 6 mm from the apex at both mesiodistal and buccolingual dimensions. M-two [Group-2] shows maximum removed dentin thickness at 3 mm from the apex both mesiodistal dimension and buccolingual dimension. PTU [Group-1] shows maximum removed dentin thickness at 6 mm from the apex at mesiodistal dimension. M-two [Group-2] shows maximum removed dentin thickness at 6 mm from the apex at the buccolingual dimension.

Conclusion:
In this study, it is concluded that the Trunatomy file system preserves more remaining dentin thickness both mesiodistally and buccolingually both 3 mm and 6 mm from the apex.
Stereomicroscope-Based in Vitro Study Evaluating the Marginal and Internal Fit of PEEK and PEKK Crowns
Authors: Amalorpavam V. , Chandramohan Giri , Soundar Joephin , Shankar Kamala , Missier Mary Sheloni , Hines Allen Jim 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Purpose:
The aim of the in vitro study was to compare the internal merge and marginal perfection of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) and polyetherketoneketone (PEKK) crowns under a stereomicroscope.

Methods:
All-ceramic preparation is done on the maxillary first premolar which is mounted on the wax block which was scanned using 3Shape scanner and duplicated into 30 acrylic CAD/CAM dies (n = 15) for the placement of PEEK and PEKK crowns. The YENADENT milling system was used to fabricate 15 samples from Group A PEEK crowns and to fabricate 15 samples from Group B PEKK crowns. According to the manufacturer’s instructions, an equal amount of the dual-cure resin luting agent (Rely X U200 Self-Adhesive resin, 3M, Germany) was dispensed on the mixing pad before being mixed with cement and painted on the internal surfaces of the copings with the finger pressure crowns which were luted. The values were then analyzed using one-way ANOVA (post hoc) followed by Dunnett’s t-test.

Results:
Among those two groups, PEEK group materials showed the lowest mean value of (28.73.3 ± 4.01) for marginal fit and (26.72 ± 2.53) for internal gap, whereas PEKK group showed a mean value of (32.85 ± 4.63) and (33.06 ± 4.14), respectively.

Conclusion:
Among these two groups, comparatively less marginal fit and internal adaptation is seen in PEKK when compared to the PEEK crowns. While the marginal fit and internal adaptation of both PEEK and PEKK copings were in acceptable clinical range.
Risk Factors of Early Childhood Caries among Preschool Children in Madipakkam, Chennai: Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Manikandan K , Megalaa N , Valliappan Subramanian , Nandini K , Rani Lourdu V. , Dakshinamurthi Senthil , Nagappan Nagappan 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Early childhood caries (ECC) is a major oral health problem, mainly in socially disadvantaged populations. ECC affects infants and preschool children worldwide.

Aim:
A survey to identify the factors influencing the ECC among preschool children in Madipakkam, Chennai.

Methodology:
A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted among 3-5-year-old preschool children in Madipakkam, Chennai. Three schoolchildren participated in the study. In total, 313 children aged three to five years took part in the study. A closed-ended questionnaire was used to collect general information to assess their feeding habits and oral hygiene practices.

Results:
Dental caries experience (dmft and deft) was high among children who were bottle-fed compared to children who were breastfed. The children who were breastfed for less than six months had more caries than other children who were breastfed for more than six months.

Conclusion:
Factors such as age and BMI did not show any association with ECC. Other factors such as feeding habits, snacking, oral health behavior, parental assistance in brushing, and regular dental visits are found to be associated with the ECC. Most of the risk factors studied in this study are modifiable. Therefore parents and children should be educated about the risk factors of ECC and mechanisms to control it.
Knowledge, Attitude and Perception Regarding Myofunctional Appliance among Children—Prospective Study of Parents’ View
Authors: Valliappan Subramanian , Megalaa N , Annamalai Indra , Vidhya G , Subbiah Gireesh K. , Ranjith K , Nagappan Nagappan 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Aim:
The current purpose of the survey is to completely evaluate parents’ attitudes, knowledge, and perceptions of myofunctional appliances.

Materials and Methods:
Parents in Chennai participated in this cross-sectional web-based questionnaire survey. Pilot study was carried out to determine the sample size, and 500 individuals were the final sample size. The 10 organized, predesigned, and validated questions are on awareness of myofunctional appliance.

Results:
The result of the survey showed that in 500 subjects, 79.8% were aware of skeletal problems. The proportion of parents willing to recommend the use of such treatments is about 70%, while 69% believe that myofunctional appliances are important in correcting skeletal problems.

Conclusion:
The present study has established that most parents know about the functional appliance and have an understanding of how to distinguish between skeletal problems. In order to diagnose skeletal issues in an appropriate age range for the individual, more awareness about appliances is necessary and needs to be developed.
Bioactivity of Calcium Silicate-Based Endodontic Materials: A Comparative in vitro Evaluation
Authors: Gangishetti Sairam , Kolluri Amulya , Raj K. Amit , Kamsani Deepika , Manchala Saikrishna , Jarupula Deepa 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Bioactivity refers to the ability of a material to interact with living organisms or biological systems in a way that elicits a specific response. In the context of materials science and medicine, bioactivity is particularly important because it can determine the suitability of material for various applications.

Objective:
To evaluate and compare different commercially available calcium silicate-based materials regarding: 1. Morphological and elemental analysis at the dentin/material interface. 2. Calcium and silicon release and uptake by adjacent root canal dentine by evaluating the calcium and silicon incorporation depth in adjacent root canal dentin.

Materials and Methods:
This study examined four calcium silicate-based cements: Biodentine, MTA Angelus, BioAggregate, and MTA Plus. One hundred extracted human teeth with intact apices and no cavities were selected. Root sections measuring 3 mm in length were created at the mid-root level using low-speed diamond discs. Bioactivity was evaluated at 1, 7, 30, and 90 days, respectively.

Results:
The principal composition of the interfacial dentine layer and incorporation of calcium and silicon into dentine was measured at 1, 7, 30, and 90 days. Statistical analysis was performed by multiple comparisons using post hoc Tukey HSD.

Conclusion:
All the materials have shown bioactivity, i.e. release of calcium, silicon, and their uptake in the adjacent dentin in the presence of phosphate-buffered saline.
Manasamitra Vatakam on Scopolamine-Induced Amnesia in Female Wistar Rats
Authors: Sankar A , Kandasamy Deepa , Jones Sumathi , Radhakrishan Anjuna , Janaki C. S , Sheriff Dhastangir , Prabhu K 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Neurodegenerative diseases induce amnesia, and effective treatment is still elusive. Aims and Objectives: The present study highlights the ameliorating effects of Manasa Mitra Vatakam (MMV) using behavioral parameters on scopolamine-induced memory loss in female Wistar rats.

Materials and Methods:
MMV was compared with DPZ as a standard in the present study to determine the behavioral parameters through elevated plus maze (Hebb William maze/rectangular maze)and locomotor activity in scopolamine-induced memory loss in female Wistar rats.

Results and Discussion:
The results of the study illustrate the effectiveness of MMV in reversing memory dysfunction and memory-enhancing effects.

Conclusion:
The study paves the way for exploring research in CNS disorders and its potential application in drug-induced neurotoxicity.
Study of Serum Surfactant Protein D Levels in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients
Authors: Tiwari Surya , Fatima Durain , Gowardipe Pravin S. 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
An increasing prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) worldwide is one of the major reasons for morbidity and mortality. Surfactant protein D (SP-D) has been identified to have a role in the host defence system of the lungs and regulation of surfactant homeostasis. SP-D is considered as a biomarker of ascertaining the severity of COPD and risk of future exacerbations.

Objectives:
This study aimed to investigate changes in lung functions and SP-D levels in COPD patients for early diagnosis and timely intervention to prevent progression of the disease.

Methods:
One hundred stable COPD patients were enrolled for the study and were compared to 100 normal healthy individuals of the same age. Those fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria were enrolled for the study. Pulmonary function tests were performed via spirometry. Blood samples were collected and estimation of SP-D was done using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

Results:
The observation revealed a significant decline in ventilatory functions with increasing severity of COPD, as reflected by the decrease in FEV1% and FEV1-to-FVC ratio compared to controls (P < 0.001). Serum SP-D levels were significantly increased in COPD patients (P < 0.001) compared to controls.

Conclusion:
SP-D estimation in COPD patients helps in monitoring the progression and prognosis of the diseases; formulate strategies for early therapeutic intervention to prevent risk of exacerbations to improve quality of life.
Comparative Study of the Outcome of Tympanoplasty Alone with Tympanoplasty Combined with Cortical Mastoidectomy in Patients with Quiescent Mucosal Chronic Otitis Media
Authors: Rajashekhar Rashmi Prashant , Ingale Mayur , Shinde Vinod , Rathi Parul 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Aims:
1. To compare the outcome of tympanoplasty alone with tympanoplasty combined with cortical mastoidectomy in patients with quiescent Chronic otitis media (COM). 2. To assess gain in hearing in dB.

Materials and Methods:
Patients diagnosed with mucosal type of chronic otitis media in the quiescent stage were selected. Two groups were formed. Patients were selected randomly and alternately they were included in groups A and B. The patients underwent otomicroscopy. Pure tone audiometry would depict pure conductive hearing of hearing loss. Group A (50% patients) were subjected to tympanoplasty alone and group B (other 50% patients) were subjected to tympanoplasty combined with cortical mastoidectomy. Prior to surgery, all patients underwent routine blood and urine examination, pure tone audiometry, and B/L mastoid X-ray Schuller’s view.

Results:
In our study, hearing gain in decibels in the tympanoplasty group was 17.1% and in tympanoplasty combined with cortical mastoidectomy was 21.1%. Graft uptake was 94% in the tympanoplasty group and 96% in tympanoplasty combined with cortical mastoidectomy. Recurrence of discharge was seen in three cases of tympanoplasty. Though tympanoplasty combined with cortical mastoidectomy is better in hearing improvement, graft uptake but the difference in two groups is statistically insignificant.

Conclusion:
Hearing improvement and graft uptake were statistically insignificant in two groups. Combining cortical mastoidectomy with tympanoplasty will not give additional benefits in terms of hearing gain and graft uptake in patients with quiescent mucosal chronic otitis.

Media:
Clinical significance: Hearing improvement and graft uptake were statistically insignificant in two groups. Combining cortical mastoidectomy with tympanoplasty will not give additional benefits in terms of hearing gain and graft uptake in patients with quiescent mucosal chronic otitis media.
Comparison of Thyroid Toxicity Profiles in Head and Neck Cancer Patients Irradiated by 3D-Conformal Radiation Therapy and Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy
Authors: Choudhary Megha , Yogi Veenita , Saxena Sachet , Gupta Vidhi , Singh Om P. , Yadav Suresh , Saxena Rishika 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
In spite of recent technical advances in the radiation field, exposure to non-target organs such as the thyroid gland remains unavoidable in locally advanced head and neck cancer (LAHNC) planning, which is associated with late toxicities, and this may affect the lifestyle of cancer survivors.

Aim:
The purpose of this study was to estimate the incidence of thyroid toxicity in LAHNC patients treated with three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT) and intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT). To establish its correlation, we have analyzed thyroid profile levels, DVH, and the doses of radiation received by the thyroid volume in both radiotherapy planning methods.

Material and Method:
Sixty patients with LAHNC enrolled and were divided into two groups treated with 3D-CRT (group A) and IMRT (group B). The patient’s thyroid function test, which consisted of serumT3, T4, and TSH, was done before starting radiotherapy and at 6 months and 12 months follow-up. Absolute thyroid volume, maximum dose, minimum dose, mean dose to the thyroid gland, and percentage of thyroid volume receiving as V10, V20, V30, V40, and V50 were studied.

Results:
After 6-month post-RT, 6.7% of patients in group A showed biochemical hypothyroidism, whereas biochemical hypothyroidism, sub-clinical hypothyroidism, and hyperthyroidism were observed in 10%, 3.3%, and 10% patients of group B, respectively. After 12 months post-RT, 23.3% of patients in group A showed hypothyroidism. In the 3DCRT group, mean T3 was significantly higher for patients with no hypothyroidism (P < 0.05). Mean T4 was observed to be significantly lower in both the groups in hypothyroid patients (P < 0.05). Mean TSH was significantly higher for hypothyroid patients in the IMRT group (P > 0.01). The difference in thyroid volume and thyroid dose was observed to be statistically significant (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
The incidence of thyroid toxicity may be decreased by sparing the volume of the thyroid gland and the thyroid dose kept to a minimum. As per dosimetric parameters, >V40 may predict the risk of developing hypothyroidism after irradiation in LAHNC patients. We recommend regular thyroid function tests on follow-up visits of irradiated patients of LAHNC.
Psychometric and cytomorphometric analysis of dental phobia in pediatric patients: Association between anxiety and cellular structure
Authors: Duhlait Rishita , Yadav Shefali , Jain Anshi , Shetty Devi Charan , Mathur Shivani 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Children frequently experience negative feelings, such as dental fear or anxiety, as a result of the stress of receiving dental care. Extremely anxious individuals resist therapy or completely avoid it, which exacerbates oral and other health issues.

Aim:
The goal of this study was to examine the cytomorphometric responses toward dental interventions and their potential interplay with psychometric indices of anxiety levels and previous dental experience, specifically anesthesia, and how they varied before and after the treatment in children.

Materials and Methods:
On informed consent, buccal mucosal samples were obtained from 20 children (33% males and females 67%) in the pediatric dentistry clinic before treatment and immediately posttreatment. Dental anxiety was assessed through specific questionnaires (Modified Child Dental Anxiety Scale faces version) completed by the children.

Results:
On the cellular level: Cellular diameter (CD), nuclear diameter (ND), nuclear area (NA), and cellular area (CA) were assessed (Magnus Pro software and hematoxylin and eosin staining) while scores from the questionnaire established anxiety levels. Compared to pretreatment, mean CD, CA, and NA were decreased following treatment, while ND was higher at the recall. Dental anxiety questionnaire scores were also significantly correlated with each other which turned out to be positive.

Conclusion:
As a result, in response to environmental inputs, mitochondrial cells dynamically alter in terms of morphology and functionality. Chronic structural and functional variation in mitochondria can result in functional adjustments which were correlated by cytomorphometric and psychological investigation.