bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nonparametric Tests for Slope in Linear Regression Problems
Authors: Gore A. P. , Rao K. S. Madhava 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIn this paper some new, exactly distribution‐free tests are offered for the hypothesis about the slope parameter in one‐sample, two‐sample, and several‐sample simple linear regression problems. Asymptotic relative efficiencies of these test procedures are also studied.
The Sizes of Spheres from Profiles in a Thin Slice I. Opaque Spheres
Authors: Coleman Rodney 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThin slices through specimens are made into slides for use in microscopy. If a specimen consists of opaque spherical particles in a transparent medium, there will be seen through the slice circular profiles of particles and sections through particles. For a random slice, the size distribution of these profiles can be related to the size distribution of the population of spheres. The extensive literature dealing with this relationship is surveyed.An important generalization of practical importance is made with the introduction of a resolution interval which excludes from observation those profiles that are too large or too small. How this affects the relationship between the profile and sphere size distributions is considered, and some special cases are used as illustrations.In Part II (COLEMAN, 1983) the corresponding results for the case of transparent spheres in an opaque specimen are given.
A Further Problem of Interval Estimation of an Unknown Regressor in Model I of Linear Regression
Authors: Hess J. , Horn M. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractFor the model y = α + βx + ϵ (model I) of linear regression we dealt with in KUHNERT and HORN (1980) the determination of a confidence interval for that x0 where the expectation Ey reaches a given value y0. Here we start with realizations of random variables y (i = 1,…, m) being independent of x which are given in addition to the realizations of‐y. Now y0 denotes the unknown value of \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \mathop \sum \limits_{i = 1}^m $\end{document} ciEy and x0 the x‐value where the expectation Ey reaches that value y0. For this x0 we give a confidence interval. Applications stem from dose response assays.
A Suprasystem of Probability Distributions
Authors: Savageau M. A. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractA set of differential equations is described whose solutions represent a general system of probability distribution functions. Previously reported systems of such distribution functions are special cases of this general system. The differential equations can be used to represent distribution functions and generate their related statistics in cases for which no simple formula for the distribution is known. The generality of this suprasystem of distribution functions and its potential utility are discussed.
Some Remarks on the Estimation of Mean in the Normal Population
Authors: Chaubey Y. P. , Dwivedi T. D. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis paper generalizes the estimator proposed by Searles (1964) and further studied by SRIVASTAVA (1980) and gives some expressions for the first two moments and an integral representation for the αth raw moment. The latter is found suitable for computational purposes. Some points in SRIVASTAVA'S (1980) paper are also clarified. Efficiencies of 3 estimators belonging to this class are analyzed with respect to the usual sample mean.
On the Equivalence of the Information‐Theoretic Transmission‐Measure to the Common χ2 Statistic
Authors: von Eye Alexander 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe results of a simulation study are presented in which the χ2‐and the information theoretic approach to association measurement were compared to one another. It could be shown that neither the maximal values nor the minimal values obtainable for a given sample size coincide in all cases. The underlying association concepts are defined; implications are discussed.
An Inhomogeneous Markov Model to Fit the Migration Process
Authors: Tziafetas George N. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIn this paper we study the migration process considering an inhomogeneous Markov model. This is a certain condition to investigate age‐dependent population distributions, where the transition probabilities are not constant. We consider also a death process for a population alive in a region at age t and, as a result of this, combined transition probabilities between the states of the concerning Markov chain. The model has non‐stationary distribution for t →∞, because the condition of ergodicity does not hold.
Comparing Two Samples of Response Curves by Nonparamètric Tests of Predicted Order
Authors: Lienert G. A. , Munzert R. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractStarting from MOSTELLER'S (1955) one‐sample test of predicted order, some two‐sample versions are proposed for comparing nonparametrically a treatment group (m response curves) with a control group (n response curves) as to a predicted shape represented by a specified rank order. The tests are applied to two groups of learning curves.
On the Probability of a Negative Estimator of Heteroscedasticity in the Random Coefficient Model
Authors: Srivastava V. K. , Raj Baldev 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIn the estimation of a linear regression model with random coefficients, sometimes negative estimates of variances of random coefficients are obtained–an undesirable feature. In this paper we have obtained the asymptotic bounds of the probability of obtaining negative estimators. A simple illustration is also provided for the purpose.
Cylindrically Rotatable Designs of Type 3: Further Considerations
Authors: Huda S. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe cylindrically rotatable designs of type 3 are generalised to consider the factors split up into any number of groups. The conditions which must be satisfied by such a design are derived from the moment generating function of the design. A method of construction of second‐order cylindrically rotatable designs of type 3 with three or more groups of factors is provided.
A New Variant for Mathematical Analysis of Pulse Cytophotometric Data
Authors: Weidhase R. A. , Schneeweiss B. , Müller E. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe staining of DNA by specific fluorochromes provides a suitable method of receiving histograms in a short time by means of pulse cytometry. They represent the proliferative structure of cell populations at a high degree of statistical security.A method for quantitative determination of cell cycle phases (G1‐, S‐ and G2 + M‐phase) is presented which includes the fraction of cell debris in the calculation procedure. The advantages of this method are the elimination of overlapping between the fraction of debris and cell cycle phases and the quantitative determination of the fraction of cell debris offers the opportunity to get information on cytolytic potencies. Apart from the calculation of the various cell cycle phases the method provides criteria on the adaptation of mathematical analysis to primary data.
Powers of Chords for Convex Sets
Authors: Voss K. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe powers of chords Sn of planar convex sets are generally known only for n = 0, 1, and 3. They depend on the special shape of the convex set. Here integral formulas for the equilateral triangle, the square, and the ellipse are given. Furthermore, using area moments of the convex sets, S5 and S7 are derived in general form. For the 3‐dimensional space S6 and S8 are given.
On Double Sampling Ratio‐Cum‐Product‐Type Estimator with Independent Samples
Authors: Sisodia B. V. S. , Dwivedi V. K. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThere are two cases in double sampling; case(i) when the second sample is a sub‐sample from preliminary large sample, and case(ii) when the second sample is not a sub‐sample from the preliminary large sample. Recently SISODIA and DWIVEDI (1981) proposed a ratio cum product‐type estimator in double sampling in which they have studied the properties of this estimator under case (i). In this paper, we have made an attempt to study the properties of the same estimator under case (ii). It is found that the estimator is superior than double sampling linear regression estimator, usual ratio estimator, product estimator and among others. The estimator is also compared with simple mean per unit for a given cost of the survey.
Characterizations of the Exponential Distribution by Local Maximum Random Variables
Authors: Ahsanullah M. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractLet {Xn, n≧1} be a sequence of independent and identically distributed random variables. Suppose n(K)=min n for which Xn>Xk, with K fixed and n>K. We will characterize the exponential distribution by considering the distributional properties of Xk and Xk and Xn(k).
A Note on the Mann‐Whitney Statistic for Lehmann Alternatives
Authors: Abely U. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractFor the case of the LEHMANNalternatives the paper presents some new facts on the MANN‐WHITNEYstatistic and, in particular, its varianceV(p, m, n), wherep = P(xi<yi). Explicit formulas forUandVare used to prove, among other things, the following propositions: For anym, n, Vis a one‐hump function ofp, and the hump always lies in the interval (1/2(3 ‐ √5), 1/2(√5 ‐ 1)). If no restrictions are imposed onpthe boundaries of this interval are sharp. Givens = m + n, V(1/2, s/2,s/2) is maximal among all valuesV(p, m, n). The formulas allow, moreover, the improvement of the known bounds for the variance of p̌ =U/mn.
Open‐ended assignments and student responsibility
Authors: Brauner Annelie , Carey Jannette , Henriksson Marie , Sunnerhagen Maria , Ehrenborg Ewa 
Published: May 2007

AbstractAn inquiry‐based laboratory course was created in an effort to increase student responsibility in learning and to improve teaching in areas related to molecular medicine. Authentic medical cases with both scientific and clinical aspects formed the basis of a project‐oriented course that also included student laboratory work focused on the disease‐related proteins. Students used basic biochemical techniques to develop and test hypotheses relating their results to the clinical findings. The course also included patient demonstrations to personalize students' knowledge of case presentations, lectures on basic biochemical principles relevant to the molecular basis of the cases, and seminars by invited guests with expertise in translational medicine. Students developed proposals for future research as part of the final examination. An inquiry matrix was used to evaluate the degree of learning responsibility taken during the course. By allowing for openness in how to explore the case including choice of methods and interpretation of unexpected results, students gained confidence in their ability to solve problems, formulate and test hypotheses, and collaborate with both clinical and non‐clinical professionals.
Virtual office hours using a tablet PC: E‐lluminating biochemistry in an online environment
Authors: Kohorst Kelly , Cox James R. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe availability of online collaboration software has provided new opportunities for instructors to interact with students outside the classroom. This report describes how Elluminate Live!®, a particular conferencing software package, can be used with a tablet PC to conduct virtual office hours in a biochemistry course. The educational value of engaging students in an online environment, with text messaging, voice‐over‐internet protocol (VoIP), and application sharing is also discussed. A student perspective is provided to illustrate the advantages of conducting virtual office hours and how the combination of online collaboration software and tablet PC technology can provide an enhanced learning experience.
Lymphedema after gynecological cancer treatment
Authors: Beesley Vanessa , Janda Monika , Eakin Elizabeth , Obermair Andreas , Battistutta Diana 
Published: May 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND.Few studies have evaluated lymphedema after gynecological cancer treatment. The aim of this research was to establish prevalence, correlates, and supportive care needs of gynecological cancer survivors who develop lymphedema.METHODS.In 2004, a population‐based cross‐sectional mail survey (56% response rate) was completed by 802 gynecological cancer survivors. The questionnaire included demographic questions, a validated, generic supportive care needs measure, and a supplementary, newly developed, lymphedema needs module.RESULTS.Ten percent (95% confidence interval [CI], 8%–12%) of participants reported being diagnosed with lymphedema, and a further 15% (95% CI, 13%–17%) reported undiagnosed “symptomatic” lower limb swelling. Diagnosed lymphedema was more prevalent (36%) amongst vulvar cancer survivors. For cervical cancer survivors, those who had radiotherapy or who had lymph nodes removed had higher odds of developing swelling. For uterine and ovarian cancer survivors, those who had lymph nodes removed or who were overweight or obese had higher odds of developing swelling. Gynecological cancer survivors with lymphedema had higher supportive care needs in the information and symptom management domains compared with those who had no swelling.CONCLUSIONS.This population‐based study provided evidence that lymphedema is a morbidity experienced by a significant proportion of gynecological cancer survivors and that there are considerable levels of associated unmet needs. Women at risk of lymphedema would benefit from instructions about early signs and symptoms and provision of referral information. Cancer 2007. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
Exploring the robustness of BitTorrent peer‐to‐peer content distribution systems
Authors: Liogkas Nikitas , Nelson Robert , Kohler Eddie , Zhang Lixia 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis paper assesses BitTorrent's robustness against selfish peers who try to download content faster than their fair share by abusing existing protocol mechanisms. We present three exploits that can deliver potential benefits to a selfish peer and evaluate their impact on both public and private download sessions. Our results show that BitTorrent is quite robust against these exploits. Although selfish peers can sometimes attain high download throughput and compliant peers' download rates suffer slightly in consequence, we observe no significant degradation of the overall system's quality of service. We identify scenarios where a selfish peer could attain significant benefits at the expense of compliant peers, and discuss the protocol characteristics that render these scenarios unlikely and hence lead to the system's robustness. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gradual development of a genome‐wide H3‐K9 trimethylation pattern in paternally derived pig pronucleus
Authors: Jeong Young Sun , Yeo Seungeun , Park Jung Sun , Lee Kyung‐Kwang , Kang Yong‐Kook 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe cytoplasm of a mature oocyte contains many protein complexes that are programmed to restructure incoming sperm chromatins on fertilization. Of the complicated biochemical events that these functional machineries control, the most impressive and important is epigenetic reprogramming. Despite its importance in epigenetic resetting, or “de‐differentiation,” of gamete genomes back to an incipient status, the mechanisms of epigenetic reprogramming do not seem to be conserved among mammals. Here, we report that, unlike in the mouse, the pig sperm‐derived pronucleus is markedly trimethylated at lysine 9 of histone H3 (H3‐m3K9), which might be associated with preservation of paternally derived cytosine methylation in pig zygotes. The male H3‐m3K9 pattern is gradually established during pronucleus development, and this process occurs independently of DNA replication. Considering these unique epigenetic features, the pig zygote is, we believe, suited to serve as another model of epigenetic reprogramming that is antithetical to the well‐characterized mouse model. Developmental Dynamics 236:1509–1516, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression of Notch pathway genes in mammalian epidermis and modulation by β‐Catenin
Authors: Ambler Carrie A. , Watt Fiona M. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe Notch pathway is required for hair follicle maintenance and is activated through β‐catenin induced transcription of the Notch ligand Jagged1. We show that hair follicles in the resting phase express low levels of Jagged1 and Hes1, and other Notch target genes are undetectable. In growing (anagen) follicles, Jagged1 and Hes1 expression increases, Hes5 and HeyL are expressed in distinct cell layers, and Hey2 is expressed in the dermal papilla. When β‐catenin is activated by means of an inducible transgene, Jagged1, Hes1, Hes5, HeyL, and Hey2 are up‐regulated, the sites of expression being the same in β‐catenin induced ectopic follicles as in anagen follicles. β‐Catenin also induces Hey1 in dermal papilla cells. β‐Catenin–induced up‐regulation of Jagged1 precedes induction of other Notch target genes. The different sites of expression of Hes and Hey genes suggest input from additional signaling pathways. Developmental Dynamics 236:1595–1601, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Origin of the zebrafish endocrine and exocrine pancreas
Authors: Ward Andrea B. , Warga Rachel M. , Prince Victoria E. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractHere, we report a detailed fate map of the zebrafish pancreas at the early gastrula stage of development (6 hours postfertilization; hpf). We show that, at this stage, both pancreas and liver progenitors are symmetrically localized in two broad domains relative to the dorsal organizer. We demonstrate that the dorsal and ventral pancreatic buds can derive from common progenitor pools at 6 hpf, but often derive from independent populations. Endocrine vs. exocrine pancreas show a similar pattern of progenitors, consistent with descriptions of the dorsal bud being strictly endocrine and the ventral bud primarily exocrine. In general, we find that endocrine/dorsal bud progenitors are located more dorsally than the exocrine pancreas/ventral bud progenitors. Later in gastrulation (10 hpf), pancreas progenitors have migrated to bilateral domains at the equator of the embryo. Our fate map will assist with design and interpretation of future experiments to understand early pancreas development. Developmental Dynamics 236:1558–1569, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nuclear accumulation of β‐catenin and transcription of downstream genes are regulated by zygotic Wnt5α and maternal Dsh in ascidian embryos
Authors: Kawai Narudo , Iida Yohei , Kumano Gaku , Nishida Hiroki 
Published: May 2007

AbstractNuclear β‐catenin plays crucial roles in the establishment of the embryonic axis and formation of mesendoderm tissues in ascidians and other animals. However, the cue responsible for nuclear accumulation of β‐catenin in the vegetal hemisphere is still unknown in ascidians. Here, we investigated the roles of Wnt5α and Dsh in the nuclear accumulation of β‐catenin and activation of its downstream genes in the ascidian Halocynthia roretzi. Wnt5α knockdown embryos lost nuclear accumulation of β‐catenin at the 64‐cell stage but not at the 32‐cell stage, and expression of Hr‐lim, one of the targets of β‐catenin, was impaired in the anterior region of the embryo. Zygotic Wnt5α expression in the anterior‐vegetal blastomeres was primarily responsible for these defects. Dsh knockdown showed no effect on nuclear localization of β‐catenin, but inhibited Hr‐lim expression in the posterior region. These results suggest that maintenance of nuclear Hr‐β‐catenin after the 64‐cell stage is regulated by zygotic Hr‐Wnt5α, and that expression of its target genes is modulated by both Hr‐Wnt5α and Hr‐Dsh. Our results also highlight the importance of nuclear accumulation of β‐catenin up to the 32‐cell stage through a still unclarified mechanism. Developmental Dynamics 236:1570–1582, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Anger at unfairness: is it moral outrage?
Authors: Batson C. Daniel , Kennedy Christopher L. , Nord Lesley‐Anne , Stocks E. L. , Fleming D'Yani A. , Marzette Christian M. , Lishner David A. , Hayes Robin E. , Kolchinsky Leah M. , Zerger Tricia 
Published: May 2007

AbstractAnger at unfair treatment has been called moral outrage. However, moral outrage—anger at the violation of a moral standard—should be distinguished from personal anger at being harmed and empathic anger at seeing another for whom one cares harmed. Across a preliminary experiment and a main experiment, both designed to manipulate the appraisal conditions for these three forms of anger, we found evidence of personal anger and empathic anger, but little evidence of moral outrage. Participants perceived unfair treatment of another, even another for whom they had not been induced to feel empathy, to be as unfair as participants perceived unfair treatment of themselves. But the appraisal conditions that evoked anger were unfair treatment of self and unfair treatment of a cared‐for other, not unfairness per se. In the absence of empathic concern, unfair treatment of another evoked little anger. Possible implications for understanding moral emotion and moral motivation are suggested. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A geostatistical method for Texas NexRad data calibration
Authors: Li Bo , Eriksson Marian , Srinivasan Raghavan , Sherman Michael 
Published: May 2007

AbstractRainfall is one of the most important hydrologic model inputs and is recognized as a random process in time and space. Rain gauges generally provide good quality data, however they are usually too sparse to capture the spatial variability. Radar estimates provide a better spatial representation of rainfall patterns, but they are subject to substantial biases. Our calibration of radar estimates using gauge data takes season, rainfall type, and rainfall amount into account, and is accomplished via a combination of threshold estimation, bias reduction, regression techniques, and geostatistical procedures. We explore the varying‐coefficient model to adapt to the temporal variability of rainfall. The methods are illustrated using Texas rainfall data in 2003, which includes Weather Surveillance Radar‐1988 Doppler (WSR‐88D) radar‐reflectivity data and the corresponding rain gauge measurements. Simulation experiments are carried out to evaluate the accuracy of our methodology. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effects of reservoir geometry on the seismic response of gravity dams
Authors: Millán M. A. , Young Y. L. , Prévost J. H. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractConventional seismic analysis of gravity dams assumes that the behaviour of the dam–water–soil system can be represented using a 2‐D model since dam vertical contraction joints between blocks allow them to vibrate independently from each other. The 2‐D model assumes the reservoir to be infinite and of constant width, which is not true for certain types of reservoirs. In this paper, a boundary element method (BEM) model in the frequency domain is used to investigate the influence of the reservoir geometry on the hydrodynamic dam response. Important conceptual conclusions about the dam–reservoir system behaviour are obtained using this model. The results show that the reservoir shape influences the seismic response of the dam, making it necessary to account for 3‐D effects in order to obtain accurate results. In particular, the 3‐D pressure and displacement responses can be substantially larger than those computed with the 2‐D model. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.