bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oestrogen secreting Leydig cell tumour and GnRH agonist in‐vivo and in‐vitro studies
Authors: Kerlan Véronique , Nahoul Khalil , Abalaln Jean‐Hervé , Mangln Philippe , Bercovici Jean‐Pierre 
Published: March 2008

OBJECTIVE The purposes of our study concerning two patients with oestrogen secreting Leydig cell tumour were to determine whether endogenous LH levels are involved in testicular tumour steroidogenesis and whether aromatase activity of oestrogen secreting Leydig cell tumours is directly or indirectly dependent on LH levels.MEASUREMENTS E2 and T were evaluated after hCG Injection (5000IU) during 96 hours. Bio and Immuno LH, T, E2, were determined at the basal state and after administration of D‐Trp‐6‐GnRH agonist (3.75 mg) every 3 weeks. The abnormal testis was removed after the third injection and testicular venous blood was collected during the operation. Testicular tumour was incubated with 4‐14C‐T. RESULTS Oestradiol (E2) response to hCG injection (5000 IU) was prolonged and exaggerated while that of testosterone (T) was similar to that of the controls. The aromatase index (E2/T) remained elevated even 96 hours after hCG. Intramuscular injection of the GnRH agonist, D‐Trp‐6‐GnRH (3.75 mg) resulted in a reduction of immunoreactive and bloactive LH. T was decreased to about 10% of baseline levels and E2 fell from 240 to 36 pmol/l. In the blood of the spermatic veins collected in the course of surgery, E2 levels were found to be lower in comparison with the controls. E2 was found to be twofold higher in the spermatic vein draining the tumoral side than in that of the contralateral testis. Incubation of the testicular tumours with 4‐14C‐T, displayed a reduced aromatase activity (conversion of T to E2:0.3 and 0.1% in patients 1 and 2 respectively).CONCLUSIONS The kinetics of E2 response to hCG administration would suggest a modification of the regulation of the aromatase activity in this type of oestrogen secreting tumour. A certain endogenous LH level may be necessary to supply a sufficient quantity of T substrate, and to maintain aromatase activity of such Leydig cell tumours secreting oestrogens. These tumours seem to be responsive to endogenous LH levels.
Pituitary histology in Cushing's disease
Authors: Kruse Anders , Klinken Lelf , Holck Susanna , Lindholm Jörgen 
Published: March 2008

OBJECTIVE We assessed pituitary histology in patients with Cushing's disease.DESIGN Systematic histological assessment of pituitary tissue removed at surgery.PATIENTS Thirty‐six consecutive patients cured from Cushing's disease by transsphenoidal neurosurgery.MEASUREMENTS Microscopical examination of all available tissue removed at operation.RESULTS After selective removal of tissue supposed to represent an adenoma in 25 patients this could be histologically verified in 18. In the 11 patients who had undergone a total hypophysectomy an adenoma could be demonstrated in three patients only, despite a systematic search of the entire pituitary gland. Only in 21 of the 36 cured patients (58%) could an adenoma be verified.CONCLUSIONS Combining the present results with previous reports there is strong reason to believe that in some patients with Cushing's disease no histological lesion in the pituitary is verifiable.
Treatment of osteoporosis with parathyroid peptide (hPTH 1–34) and oestrogen: increase in volumetric density of iliac cancellous bone may depend on reduced trabecular spacing as well as increased thickness of packets of newly formed bone
Authors: Bradbeer Jeremy N. , Arlot Monique E. , Meunler Pierre J. , Reeve Jonathan 
Published: March 2008

OBJECTIVE We wished to determine whether treatment of vertebral osteoporosis with human parathyroid peptide 1–34 (hPTH 1–34), given as a daily injection with supplementary treatment with hormone replacement therapy (HRT), increases cancellous bone area in the ilium by increasing the size of packets of new bone.DESIGN AND MEASUREMENTS The width of packets of cancellous bone (wall width) was measured at random intercepts and mean values calculated. Cancellous bone area and perimeter were also measured. Indices of trabecular separation and the complementary quantity trabecular number were derived according to Parfitt's method, as well as trabecular width. Patients were used as their own controls and changes in these indices calculated. Correlations were calculated for data obtained from independent measurements.PATIENTS We studied eleven women with post‐menopausal osteoporosls, diagnosed by fractures after exclusion of causes of secondary osteoporosis.RESULTS One woman did not comply with her HRT therapy. In the others, treatment with hPTH 1–34 + HRT restored the characteristically depressed pre‐treatment values of wall width to normal. Trabecular width increased approximately four times more than wall width. Changes in wall width correlated with changes in cancellous bone area; however, bone area increased considerably more than could be accounted for statistically by changes in wall width. A decrease in trabecular separation was found to account for the additional increase in bone area (P=0.056).CONCLUSION hPTH 1–34 + oestrogen and progestagen therapy increases the width of packets of new cancellous bone with consequent increases in the width of trabecular plates.
Spin echo nuclear magnetic resonance studies on intact erythrocytes: changes in cellular metabolism as a consequence of carbimazole therapy
Authors: Reglinski J. , Smith W. E. , Wilson R. , Buchanan L. M. , McKillop J. H. , Thomson J. A. 
Published: March 2008

OBJECTIVE Because the exact mechanism of action of carbimazole is uncertain, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was used to investigate cellular changes in erythrocytes from Graves' patients following a course of carbimazole therapy.DESIGN NMR spectroscopy was carried out using intact erythrocytes obtained from Graves' patients prior to and at 2 and 12 months after carbimazole treatment. The data were correlated with thyroid hormone and antibody levels. PATIENTS Twenty patients (four males; 16 females) with newly diagnosed and previously untreated Graves' disease were enrolled into the study. Assessments were made prior to the commencement of therapy and after 2 and 12 months on treatment. Of the 20 patients assessed at 0 and 2 months only 12 completed the study.MEASUREMENTS The oxidation‐reduction balance of erythrocyte glutathione was measured directly using 1H spin echo NMR spectroscopy of intact cells. Thyroid hormone and antibody levels were measured using reported methods.RESULTS At 2 and 12 months a significant (P <0.01) oxidation of the erythrocyte glutathione was observed. Of the four thyroid related markers (T3, T4, TRAb and TSH) assessed in this study both T3 (P <0.001) and TRAb (P <0.001) were observed to correlate with the NMR observed changes in glutathione. However, in‐vitro experiments indicated that carbimazole does not affect red cell glutathione directly.CONCLUSIONS A model is presented which uses the hydrated iodium cation (I+), the natural product of T4 conversion to T3, as a chemical oxidant which can produce the observed clinical alteration in intracellular glutathione in ex‐vivo erythrocytes. It is suggested that a major factor in the action of carbimazole in Graves' disease may be to stimulate the function of the deiodinase enzymes.
Thyroid function tests are rarely abnormal in patients with severe hyperemesis gravidarum
Authors: Wilson R. , McKillop J. H. , MacLean M. , Walker J. J. , Fraser W. D. , Gray C. , Dryburgh F. , Thomson J. A. 
Published: March 2008

OBJECTIVES There is considerable controversy in the literature as to the cause of hyperemesis gravidarum. The aim of this project was to measure a range of thyroid hormone levels in a group of hyperemetic pregnant women.PATIENTS The study was carried out in 10 first trimester pregnant women with hyperemesis gravidarum. All had been admitted to hospital due to the severity of their symptoms. Fifty age matched, healthy first trimester pregnant women were used as controls.MEASUREMENTS Blood samples from the women were analysed for total T3 (TT3), total T4 (TT4), free T4 (FT4), TSH, thyrotrophin receptor antibodies (TRAb), thyroid stimulating antibodies (TSAb) and thyroid microsomal and thyroglobulin antibodies. Human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) levels were also measured.RESULTS While individual patients were found to have some abnormal thyroid function tests the group as a whole showed no consistent pattern of abnormality and did not differ significantly from a group of healthy first trimester pregnant women. hCG levels were also within the normal range in the hyperemetic patients.DISCUSSION None of the women in this study received any antithyroid medication and their symptoms improved as the pregnancy progressed. These results would suggest that there is no underlying thyroid abnormality in patients with hyperemesis gravidarum. It would appear that neither thyroid hormones, nor hCG contribute to the pathogenesis of the condition.
The effect of morphine and naloxone administration on plasma oxytocin concentrations in the first stage of labour
Authors: Lindow Stephen W. , Spuy Zephne M. , Hendricks M. Salle , Rosselli Andrew P. , Lombard Carl , Leng Gareth 
Published: March 2008

OBJECTIVE We Investigated the effect of an oplate (morphine) and an opiate antagonist (naloxone) on the maternal secretion of oxytocin in the first stage of labour.DESIGN Patients were randomized to receive either morphine 5 mg (n= 9), naloxone 1.2 mg (n= 10) or sterile water (n= 9) which was injected intravenously.PATIENTS Healthy women in the first stage of labour between 3 and 6 cm dilated with no prior analgesia or oxytocin administration were recruited for the study.MEASUREMENTS Peripheral maternal oxytocin levels were measured by radloimmunoassay for 15 minutes before and 15 minutes after administration of the assigned substance. Sampling was at 2.5 minute intervals.RESULTS Significant reduction in the mean oxytocin concentration was found in the patients who received morphine (— 2.62 pmol/l/sample) but no change was found in the naloxone group (+ 0.57 pmol/l/sample) when compared with controls (+ 0.64 pmol/l/sample).CONCLUSION Maternal oxytocin secretion is inhibited by exogenous opiates in the first stage of labour while an effect of opiate antagonism was not demonstrated.
The late growth hormone rise induced by oral glucose is enhanced by cholinergic stimulation with pyridostigmine in normal subjects
Authors: Valcavi Roberto , Zini Michele , Davoli Simona , Portionli Italo 
Published: March 2008

OBJECTIVE We have investigated the late GH rise occurring 3–5 hours after oral glucose administration. We have assessed the effect of endogenous cholinergic enhancement with pyridostigmine on the delayed GH rise following oral glucose loading in normal subjects.DESIGN Placebo or 75 g oral glucose was given to the normal subjects 3 hours before 120 mg oral pyridostigmine or placebo. Four tests were carried out at random. Test 1: placebo (0 min) + placebo (180 min); test 2: glucose (0 min) + placebo (180 min); test 3: placebo (0 min) + pyridostigmine (180 min); test 4: glucose (0 min) + pyridostigmine (180 min).SUBJECTS We studied eight normal subjects (four male and four female), ages 19–29 years, body mass indices 18–22 kg/m2.MEASUREMENTS Plasma glucose and serum GH concentrations were measured for 6 hours after oral glucose or placebo administration.RESULTS Pyridostigmine treatment significantly enhanced the GH releasing effect of prior (3 h) oral glucose. Late GH peak obtained by oral glucose loading rose from (mean±SEM) 17.4±4.6 to 37.2±9.0 mU/l (P < 0.05) after pyridostigmine, while GH peak following placebo plus pyridostigmine was 12.4 ± 2.0 mU/l (P < 0.05 vs glucose plus pyridostigmine). The analysis of GH area under curves (AUCs) in the second phase of the tests (180–360 min) confirmed that glucose plus pyridostigmine released a greater amount of GH (4128±764 mU/l/3h) than glucose (1694±494 mU/l/3h, P < 0.001) or pyridostigmine alone (1292±150 mU/l/3h, P < 0.001).CONCLUSIONS Pyridostigmine, an indirect cholinergic drug likely to inhibit somatostatin secretion from the hypothalamus, enhanced the late GH releasing activity of oral glucose. There is evidence that glucose suppresses plasma GH initially by increasing hypothalamic somatostatin release. This would result in an increase in the pituitary stores of GH.
Characterization of big, big prolactin in patients with hyperprolactinaemia
Authors: Lelte Valerlano , Cosby Helle , Sobrinho Luis G. , Fresnoza Agnes , Santos M. Amparo , Frlesen Henry G. 
Published: March 2008

OBJECTIVE The present study was designed to characterize the clinical findings of patients with macroprolactin‐aemia (sustained hyperprolactinaemia where the predominant form of prolactin is of large molecular size) and to further assess the bioactivity and structure of big, big prolactin (BB‐PRL).DESIGN The patients with macroprolactinaemia were identified by the domperidone test and by gel filtration of their serum samples. The bioactivity of sera and fractions containing BB‐PRL was evaluated and the fractions analysed by affinity chromatography and electrophoresis.PATIENTS Eleven patients with hyperprolactinaemia in whom BB‐PRL was the predominant form (group 1) were studied. Sera were also examined from eight patients with prolactinomas (group 2). Thirty‐one first‐degree relatives from patients in group 1 were screened for macroprolactinaemia.MEASUREMENTS Prolactin in the sera and fractions was measured by radiolmmunoassay (RIA), immunoradiometric assay (IRMA) and Nb2 cell bioassay (Nb2 BA). The distribution of BB‐PRL was also investigated after protein A Sepharose chromatography, Immunoprecipitation, SDS‐PAGE and Western blotting.RESULTS (1) Seven out of 11 patients in group 1 had galactorrhoes, menstrual disturbances or both; (2) the ratio Nb2 BA/RIA in whole serum was similar to the ratio found in group 2 patients; (3) the ratios Nb2 BA/RIA and Nb2 BA/IRMA in the BB‐PRL fractions obtained after gel filtration were significantly lower than in whole serum (P < 0.003); (4) in group 1 patients, RIA estimates of PRL did not correlate either with Nb2 BA or with IRMA, while Nb2 BA and IRMA were correlated. In group 2 patients, RIA and Nb2 BA were correlated (r= 0.881; P= 0.02); (5) 24–86% of BB‐PRL reacted as immunoglobulin‐bound PRL as demonstrated by protein A Sepharose and by SDS‐PAGE; (6) a high percentage of BB‐PRL (54, 49 and 43%), was found in three of the serum samples obtained from 31 first‐degree relatives of patients in group 1.CONCLUSIONS Macroprolactinaemia must be suspected not only in patients with asymptomatic hyperprolactinaemia but also in women with galactorrhoea and/or menstrual disturbances who have normal responses to PRL stimulating tests. Our results also suggest that the absence of symptoms in these women is not explained by a lower bioactivity of BB‐PRL. Instead, we postulate that due to the high molecular weight, BB‐PRL does not easily cross the capillary walls. During gel chromatography either a change in the structure of BB‐PRL and/or a removal of substances which potentiate the bioactivity of PRL occurs, explaining the lower bioactivity of fractions containing BB‐PRL in comparison with the serum. In this study we demonstrated that at least half (range 24–86%) of BB‐PRL behaves as an immunoglobulin‐bound PRL. Finally, we found that macroprolactinaemia was not genetically transmitted to first‐degree relatives in the majority of the cases studied.
Oncogenous osteomalacia and malignancy
Authors: Harvey J. N. , Gray C. , Belchetz P. E. 
Published: March 2008

An example of oncogenous osteomalacia is described in association with the rare mesenchymal chondroblastoma. The tumour was characterized with a variety of immunohistochemical antibodies which confirmed its mesenchymal origin. Despite several surgical excisions of local recurrence, plasma 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3 concentrations (off treatment) indicate continued tumour activity and the continuing need for vitamin D therapy. This case and two others briefly discussed illustrate some of the difficulties in diagnosis and in achieving a cure in cases of oncogenous osteomalacia.Oncogenous osteomalacia in association with any malignant tumour is rare, there being eight previously recorded cases. Details of these cases are briefly reviewed for comparison. Despite undoubted malignancy our patient has survived 30 years from presentation indicating the benefits of aggressive surgical management.
Parathyroid hormone‐related protein: a possible endocrine function in lactation
Authors: Grill Vivian , Hillary Janet , Ho Patricia M. W. , Law Frieda M. K. , Macisaac Richard J. , Maclsaac Ian A. , Moseley Jane M. , Martin T. John 
Published: March 2008

OBJECTIVE Parathyroid hormone‐related protein (PTHrP), initially discovered as the factor responsible for the syndrome of humoral hypercalcaemia of malignancy, has also been found to be expressed in placenta, in pregnant uterus, in the fetus at many locations, and in the lactating mammary gland. This study sought to establish whether PTHrP reaches the maternal circulation when it is expressed in mammary tissue during lactation or in the maternal reproductive tract during gestation.DESIGN Blood samples were collected from 53 subjects: 18 pregnant women in all stages of gestation, 19 lactating mothers and 16 non‐lactating post‐partum controls.MEASUREMENTS PTHrP was measured using a specific and validated radioimmunoassay. Parathyroid hormone was measured by two‐site immunoradiometric assay. Total calcium was measured by atomic absorption spectre‐photometry.RESULTS Circulating levels of PTHrP were readily detectable in 12 of 19 nursing mothers (range 2.7–7.8 pmol/1) but in none of the mothers who were bottle feeding. PTHrP was also detected in one of 18 pregnant subjects. Parathyroid hormone concentrations were lower in lactating mothers (2.3 ± 1.0 pmol/1), than in non‐lactating mothers (3.5 ± 1.2 pmol/1) (P <0.01).CONCLUSION PTHrP reaches the maternal circulation during lactation in amounts which could produce a systemic effect.
Circulating lipids and minor abnormalities of thyroid function
Authors: Parle J. V. , Franklyn J. A. , Cross K. W. , Jones S. R. , Sheppard M. C. 
Published: March 2008

OBJECTIVE We determined the effect of subclinical hyperthyroidism (defined as low circulating TSH with normal serum free T4) and subclinical hypothyroidism (raised serum TSH with normal free T4) on fasting levels of blood lipids.DESIGN Prospective study of lipid concentrations in patients identified as having abnormal TSH.PATIENTS Patients were identified in a population screening study of those over 60 years, with persistently low TSH with normal free T4 (n= 27) or high TSH but normal free T4 (n= 57). Patients were matched to controls with normal serum TSH by age, sex and body mass index.MEASUREMENTS Serum TSH, free T4, free T3, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol.RESULTS Serum free T4 measurements were significantly higher in those with subclinical hyperthyroidism than in their controls (P <0.001) and lower in those with subclinical hypothyroidism than in matched controls (P <0.001). Measurement of fasting lipids in patients and controls revealed a marked (12.2%) reduction in serum total cholesterol in subclinical hyperthyroidism (P <0.01); no significant difference in fasting lipids between patients with subclinical hypothyroidism and controls was observed.CONCLUSIONS Differences in free T4 between those with low or high TSH and controls with normal TSH suggest that abnormalities of TSH directly reflect thyroid hormone excess and deficiency. A reduction in cholesterol in those with subclinical hyperthyroidism suggests a direct influence of thyroid hormone excess on lipid metabolism in these patients.
Failure to find an association of blood group P1 with thyroid‐associated ophthalmopathy
Authors: Weetman A. P. , Poole Joyce 
Published: March 2008

OBJECTIVE Genetic factors have been proposed to account for the development of ophthalmopathy in a proportion of patients with Graves' disease. The aim of this study was to confirm the previously reported association between blood group P1 and thyroid‐associated ophthalmopathy.DESIGN A prospective study of sequential Caucasian patients.PATIENTS We studied 169 patients with Graves' disease, 84 of whom had grade 3,4 or 6 ophthalmopathy and 85 had no eye signs.MEASUREMENTS Blood group P1 was measured by a standard serologlcal technique.RESULTS The frequency of the P1 blood group was 74.1% in the patients without eye signs and 77.4% in those with ophthalmopathy (X2= 025, P>0.1). By Woolf's method there was no significant difference in the test for heterogeneity of estimates between the present and the previously reported series of Graves' patients. Combining the results (n= 279), the pooled relative risk for ophthalmopathy with blood group P1 did not differ significantly from 10(X2= 233, P>0.1).CONCLUSIONS The presence of blood group P1 In patients with Graves' disease does not appear to be associated with an increased risk of developing thyroid‐associated ophthalmopathy.
Correlation between ovarian steroids and lipid fractions in relation to age in premenopausal women
Authors: Brideau Natalie‐Anne , Forest Jean‐Claude , Lemay André , Dodin Sylvie 
Published: March 2008

OBJECTIVE We evaluated the effect of sex steroids on the lipid fractions (cholesterol, triglycerldes, LDL‐C, HDL‐C and subtractions HDL2‐C and HDL3‐C) and on the apollpo‐proteins (A‐I and B) in relation to age in women.DESIGN Twenty‐eight normally cycling women belonging to three age groups (20–29, n= 11; 30–39, n= 10; 40–49, n= 7) had blood samples taken dally during one cycle.MEASUREMENTS Serum lipld fractions, apollpoprotelns (Apo) and ovarian steroids were measured daily during the menstrual cycle. Diet and exercise were also evaluated.RESULTS Each age group had comparable profiles for dally serum concentrations of oestradiol, progesterone and testosterone. There were no significant variations of the lipid fractions or of the ApoA‐I and ApoB during the menstrual cycle in each group. Using regression analysis, modifications of cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL‐C and ApoB were partially but significantly correlated with age. These changes occurred in spite of similar serum concentrations of oestradiol, progesterone and testosterone in the three groups. Lipld fractions were also affected by the increase of body mass index with age, especially HDL‐C and HDL2C. However, there were no differences in lipld and energy intake or in energy expenditure during physical leisure activities.CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that physiological fluctuations of ovarian steroids have no effects on llplds and Apo in normally cycling women of increasing age. In this study, the age related changes in the lipld fractions were partially correlated with body mass index but not with energy intake or exercise.