bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prediction of the Hydrological Drought Index (HDI) based on Rain Simulation Data using an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) in the Randugunting Watershed, Rembang Regency
Authors: Poedjiastoeti Hermin , Adi Henny Pratiwi , Wahyudi Rahmatia Sarah 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Randugunting Watershed, with the main river Randugunting River, originates from the North Limestone Mountains of Rembang Regency. Because of its cyclical nature, the river flow discharge is continually subject to change. The discharge rises during rainy weather and falls during dry weather. Due to this issue, Rembang will likely experience drought throughout the dry season. The objectives of this study are to: (1) determine the drought index and its sharpness based on the Hydrological Drought Index Method (HDI) and (2) make drought predictions using the HDI based on discharge for the years 2023–2026 using simulated rain data with Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). Calculation of regional rainfall using the Thiessen Polygon Method. To find simulated rain and drought prediction based on the ANN with Backpropagation algorithm using Mathlab software. From the analysis indicate that the number of months that would experience wet conditions are decreasing from 7 months in 2023 and 2024 to 6 months in 2025 and only 3 months in 2026. In the anticipated drought from 2023 to 2026, there will be 14 dry months, 8 very dry months, and 3 extremely dry months. The examination of the hydrological drought’s duration revealed that the typical drought period fell between May and November.
The Use of Roughness Meter of Geophone Basis for Evaluating Functional Performance of Highways
Authors: Utomo Eko Wahyu , Siegfried  
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The performance of a road link is globally divided into two categories: structural and functional. The structural performance is a condition shown by the condition of its remaining life, while the functional one relates to the comfort of road users passing on the pavement link. The roughness meter used is based on the censor of geophones and GPS, while the general roughness meters are based on accelerometer sensors such as ARRB, IRI meter, etc. The main reason to use the geophone is because the accelerometer and geophone are the sensors used to measure displacement. The theories behind this roughness meter are based on Watanabe et al. The retrieved data uses a stand-alone program based on Visual Basic 6. An Arduino Mega 2560 is used for the microcontroller, and the post-processing operation is programmed with MATLAB. Another advantage of this roughness meter is that the results of IRI values can be presented on a map, making it much easier for the road authority to determine the condition of the road links tested. This type of roughness meter has been tested for two road links in the Central Java province. Both of the two links have an average value of IRI of 3.7, which means that they are still in routine maintenance, but soon, they will get to the stage of minor rehabilitation.
Geofoam Block in Soft Soil Embankment Applications: A Review
Authors: Anggraini M , Dhamrodji P. , Maizir H 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The major issues of building a road over soft soils are low bearing capacity and large settlements. The challenges of road construction on soft soils are enormous, so innovative and environmentally friendly methods are required. Geofoam is a type of lightweight infill material and was already used in Norway in road construction applications in 1972. Using Geofoam reduces compacted fill by 40%, less excavation required and less pulverization of native soil making this a time-saving and economically and environmentally viable solution. The purpose of Geofoam backfill is for lightweight backfilling, reducing soil pressure. Geofoam blocks can be used as a substitute for soft soil fill or as fill on top of soft soil as subgrade for pavement. This paper discusses the latest developments on the various applications of Geofoam blocks as backfill in soft soils presented based on information provided by the author.
Evaluation of building structure planning using SNI 1726:2019 and SNI 2847:2019 in earthquake-prone areas
Authors: Dumaria  , Lubis F , Apriani W 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The Indonesian National Standardization Body has updated the regulations on procedures for planning and constructing buildings to make them more effective and efficient by issuing SNI 1726:2019 and SNI 2847:2019. The Training Center Building is planned in 2019 using SNI 1726:2012 and SNI 2847:2013. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the strength of the structural elements of the Training Center Building based on SNI 1726:2019 and SNI 2847:2019. This research was conducted using the Response spectrum method with the help of the ETABS.20.2.0 application and SP COLUMN.16 and was guided by SNI 1726:2019 and SNI 2847:2019. The results of the Modeling of the Training Center Building for mass participation that has occurred have not met the requirements of SNI 1726:2019 because they have not fulfilled the 100% requirement, namely 99.7% for the X direction and 99.7% for the Y direction, so that it is evaluated using SNI 1726:2019, participation is obtained the mass has been reached 100% in the 11th mode. The drift between floors for the X and Y directions is safe. Analysis based on SNI 2847:2019 has not met the safety requirements of the structure because there are 5 beams that experience overstress or overstress, namely beams B77, B78 on the 1st floor, beams B63 and B80 on the 2nd floor and beam B81 on the 3rd floor.
Cost Overrun Factor of Toll Road Project Construction
Authors: Isfahani Muhammad Nafhan , Romadhon Eri Setia , Romadhon Muhammad Imany 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Results in more than 45 studies of infrastructure projects in 20 countries that ran overestimate. For rail projects, they predict average cost increases of 45%, for fixed-line projects (tunnels and bridges), of 34%, and for highway projects, of 30%. Indonesia is one of the 20 nations on 5 continents where cost overruns are a common occurrence. Cost overruns are one of the problems faced by most construction projects in Indonesia. Unexpected budget cost overruns can create many problems in the project. Therefore, every stakeholder in the project needs to have a good understanding of factors that cause cost overruns to avoid or minimize it risks in the project. The purpose of this study is to identify the factors that cause cost overrun on a project and analyze the factors that are most influential on the occurrence of cost overrun on construction projects. This study used a systematic literature review to collect data from previous studies. This study resulted in 6 management elements, consisting of 85 variables identified in this study. 6 management elements factors, including material factors, labor factors, equipment factors, subcontractor factors, financial factors, and external factors. This is a fairly broad category that includes projects. The most cause factor of cost overrun land acquisition problems
Analysis of Soil Permeability Batu Bulan Dam’s Right Secondary Irrigation Canal in Sumbawa, Indonesia
Authors: Najimuddin D 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The assessment of soil and water conditions is crucial in planning and management of an irrigation system. This study focused primarily on investigating the fine aggregate flow absorption conditions of the soil from the secondary irrigation canal of the Batu Bulan Dam’s right bank in Sumbawa Regency, Indonesia. Soil permeability level was determined in a laboratory setting using standard water absorption parameters of an irrigation canal. Analysis of specific gravity and absorption of fine aggregate showed that sand sample (A) had a bulk specific gravity of 2.53, a saturated surface dried specific gravity of 2.55, and a water absorption of 0.92 percent. Sand sample (B) had a specific gravity of 2.53, a saturated surface dried specific gravity of 2.56 and an absorption rate of 1.02%. According to the characteristics of fine aggregate (sand) standard, the specific gravity range is between 1.6 and 3.3. Thus, the mud content value of the sand samples follows the standards set by SNI. The sand sample (A) exhibited a water absorption rate of 0.92%, whereas sand sample (B) displayed a water absorption rate of 1.02%. As per the Fine Aggregate Inspection Standard, the upper limit for water absorption in fine aggregate is prescribed as 3% of dry weight for concrete with abrasion and 5% of dry weight for non-abrasive concrete. Thus, the mud content value of the sand samples complies with SNI standards. The results suggest that future irrigation strategies should consider the distinct characteristics of native aquifers, the routes of groundwater movement, and the conveyance of soil nutrients to ensure the sustainability of agricultural development in secondary irrigation areas adjacent to reservoirs.
Study of Compressive Strength of Concrete Using in the Form of 30% Ceramics and 70% Polymer Crushed Stone as Adhesive
Authors: Ryanto M , Mulyadi A , Sari D Y , Rosadi  
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the influence of mechanical properties of polymer concrete by compressive test after the addition of ceramic materials and crushed stone, polymers as adhesives. Polymer paste mixture 1:2 (catalyst:resin). Tests on cube-shaped specimens with dimensions of 15 x 15 x 15 cm are 3 days old. From the test results, it was obtained that the highest compressive strength of concrete BPK30(1) 27.66 Mpa with a test specimen weight of 6,537 kg was found in a mixture of polymer paste with a content of 20% and the lowest compressive strength of polymer concrete was found in a mixture of polymer concrete BPK30(3) with a content of 50% polymer paste with a test specimen weight of 6,506 kg, which was 16.60 Mpa. While BPK30(2) with a resin content of 40% produces concrete compressive strength equal to test specimen 1 of 27.66 Mpa. With a specimen weight of 6,548 kg. From the test results, there was a decrease in the compressive strength value of concrete from BPK30(2) to BPK30(3) by 11.06 Mpa. All samples fall under the classification of heavy concrete of high quality (high strength concrete).
Analysis of Pavement Conditions and Handling of Road Damage at the Surface Layer
Authors: Syukri M , Juandana H , Kusdian D , Garnida H , Pratiwi A A R 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The Cukul - Buni Kasih road section at the Garut Regency Boundary in Pangalengan District, West Bandung Regency, West Java Province, is pivotal in facilitating economic growth and regional development. Spanning 3.493 km with a width of 3.12 m, this study aims to assess its condition and identify road damage types. Key indices, including SDI (Surface Distress Index), RCI (Road Condition Index), IRI (International Roughness Index), and PCI (Pavement Condition Index), were employed to evaluate road health. Visual analysis revealed an average SDI value of 112, indicating minor damage. The RCI method yielded an average value of 5, denoting slightly damaged conditions. IRI assessment resulted in an average value of 9, reflecting slight damage. The PCI method yielded an average of 46, signifying poor (bad) conditions. Predominant damage types include potholes, alongside alligator cracking, patching, edge cracking, weathering/raveling, and rutting. In summary, the Cukul – Buni Kasih road section (Garut Regency Boundary) is predominantly damaged, necessitating urgent attention. The assessment utilizing SDI, RCI, IRI, and PCI methods provides valuable insights for planning and executing necessary road maintenance measures.
Compressive Strength of Palm Ash Geopolymer Mortar against High Temperatures
Authors: Syarif H.A , Antonius  , Setiyawan P. , Edison B. , Hidayat A. , Rismalinda  
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Palm ash geopolymer mortar is an alternative material that can be used in construction materials. This study to analyze the physical characteristics of palm ash geopolymer mortar against the effects of high temperatures. The mortar sample will be designed with a geopolymer mixture consisting of sand, palm ash, alkaline activator solution (NaOH and Na2SiO3) as an adhesive paste to replace cement. The geopolymer composition will take into account the effect of palm ash with an alkaline activator solution, so the optimal composition will be a sample size of 5x5x5 cm. Then the sample is put into the oven furnace to give high temperature effect on the mortar with temperature variations of 100°C, 200°C, and 300°C, and a mixture of 10%, 20%, 30% portland composite cement substitution by weight of palm ash. The results on the temperature variation of the maximum value of compressive strength occurred at 200°C with 20% cement variation and the minimum compressive strength results occurred at 100°C for 10% cement variation. The effect of high temperature will have an effect on visually different physical characteristics. These resulted in the composition of the palm ash geopolymer components which would affect high temperatures which resulted in changes in the physical characteristics of the palm ash geopolymer mortar.
Heave in the Soil due to Driving Pile Foundations
Authors: Fitriyana L , Ni’am M F , Jabra M M M , Mulya E R 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
GIS 150 KV Tambak Lorok III Semarang is a coastal area, stabilization is carried out with piles to reduce land subsidence in the area. In the piling process the soil grains are forced vertically and laterally when the pile foundation is driven into the ground, thus increasing the water pressure in the soil pore system. Nearby buildings will be affected and may suffer damage. The pile driving location for the GIS 150 KV Tambak Lorok III Semarang project is adjacent to other structures. So, the amount of land that needs to be cleared around the project must be calculated. This study uses methodology that makes theoretical predictions about the magnitude of heave caused by piles. Subsequently, vertical ground movement measurements made using the Finite Element Method (Plaxis Program) were compared with the theoretical predictions. Pile depth variations of 45 and 50 meters were performed in the plaxis analysis. In conclusion, the results of the two approaches will be contrasted. In the GIS 150 KV Tambak Lorok III Semarang project, soldier piles with a diameter of about 600 mm were driven 45 meters deep into the ground with hydraulic jacks. The theory led to the conclusion that the heave values for the effect of piling at -45 m depth and at -50 m depth were 0.1285 m and 0.1284 m, respectively. Based on Plaxis pile measurements at a depth of 45 meters, the vertical soil movement value was 5.80 cm, while 4.90 cm was recorded for a depth of 50 meters.
Foam Mortar Layer in Soft Subgrade Embankment: A Review
Authors: Jusi U , Dhamrodji P. , Maizir H 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Soils are the basis of the construction of civil engineering structures that are designed to support and withstand the weight of the structures above them. The main problems of soft soil include low bearing capacity and large settlement. In road pavements, the sub grade as the bottom layer of the road must have a good bearing capacity. Subgrade is a part that must be considered because of the weight of the pavement structure and the embankment above it. Soft soil conditions cause the need for reinforcement of the sub grade layer. Solving the problem of road construction is done by engineering so that the sub grade as the bottom layer of the road is safe and stable and has a good bearing capacity. The effort made to increase the bearing capacity of the subgrade is by reinforcing the soil (soil improvement). One of them is with lightweight material mortar-foam is an alternative construction material in soil reinforcement for road construction. Mortar-foam is formed from a mixture of foam, cement, sand and water. Research on foam mortars has been conducted in various places and countries in various ways and methods. This article will discuss the latest developments in the use of foam mortars as backfill in soft soils in the subgrade layer presented based on information provided by the author.
Fly Ash and Fiber Waste As Principal Geopolymer Mortar Material: A Review
Authors: Megasari S W , Amir A , Suryanita R 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Geopolymer mortar is an innovative mortar using fly ash waste as an alternative to cement. The development of advanced fiber geopolymer mortar materials is an alternative solution to the weaknesses and shortcomings of conventional materials so that they have the ability to reduce and even absorb sound intensity and prevent noise propagation in overcoming noise problems in the field of building construction. Many factors can affect sound absorption, including the type of aggregate, modification of material composition that has a density level in fiber geopolymer mortar. The development of fiber geopolymer mortar can be developed in the construction field to reduce sound frequency and improve sound insulation. There are also different measurement mechanisms to determine the performance of the material in improving sound quality. This paper aims to review the performance of sound-absorbing fiber geopolymer mortar. This review is expected to provide insight into the development of fiber geopolymer mortar in building construction to improve comfort and reduce noise pollution.
Experimental Study Of Simple Cyclic Testing On Reinforced Beam Using Fiber Reinforced Polymers (FRP)
Authors: Prasetiawan J , Amir A , Setiyawan P 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The geographical location of Indonesia on the Ring of Fire makes it prone to earthquakes. Frequent earthquakes cause failures in construction. Construction failures must be repaired to restore the strength of the structures to their original or even higher levels. One type of structural reinforcement is Fiber Reinforced Polymers (FRP). FRP can enhance the strength of beams damaged by earthquakes, alter the structural failure mode, increase load-carrying capacity, and prolong plastic hinges in beam elements. This study recommends using FRP to reinforce concrete structures, particularly beams. The first stage of the research involves experimental testing on a prototype not wrapped with FRP. After reaching peak strength and experiencing failure, then the prototype is covered with FRP. Subsequently, the prototype is retested until it gets peak strength and experiences failure again. Both specimens are subjected to monotonic loading, which is simulated as cyclic loading. Data processing is performed by analyzing the results of the experimental testing on both prototypes. The processed data includes crack patterns in the beams, cyclic load capacity, displacement, strain of concrete, strain in the primary reinforcement, and strain in the stirrup reinforcement.
Pre-Design of Pavement Behavior of Nailed-Slab System to Soft Soils Due to Eccentric and Lateral Axial Loads
Authors: Kusrin  , Rochim A 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Under natural conditions, low to medium-density soils tend to experience considerable deformation when crossed by repeated loads from vehicles. Therefore, a pavement structure is needed to protect the soil from excessive loads caused by vehicles. Rigid pavement is one of the common types of road pavement used on soft subgrade soils. A proposed method to address road pavement issues on soft soils is the nailed-slab system. This research is a quantitative study through an experimental method conducted in the laboratory using a 1:1 scale. A container houses a prototype of rigid pavement featuring a nailed-slab system. Strain gauges are installed at specific points on the pile and pavement slab, and they are connected to a computer to record any changes in deflection that occur on the pile and the pavement slab when subjected to eccentric and axial lateral loads. Numerical analysis is also performed using Plaxis for comparison. It is found that lateral loads can affect the interaction between the soil and the pile. Repeated lateral loads can create gaps that reduce the soil friction against the pile. These gaps tend to become larger as the lateral loads are increased and applied repeatedly, thus causing a greater settlement of the slab above them as well.
Development Of Paving Block Pave Structure Based On Type Of Pattern In Light Traffic For Traffic Safety And Comfort
Authors: Yusuf M 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Factors that cause accidents include traffic characteristics and road infrastructure, environmental conditions, vehicle design and specifications, and human factors. The object of this study is road infrastructure, namely the road structure at traffic light stops points because the accident hazard at crossroads is a determinant of traffic safety and driving comfort. In Coastal Area/Upstream Area, To overcome road infrastructure problems at traffic light points which are the cause of traffic safety and driving comfort, the design of Concrete block pavement is one of the solutions to overcome these problems. Concrete block pavement is often used for the construction of sidewalks, bicycle paths, residential driveways, parking lots, industrial areas as well as harbors and airports and other permeable areas. Concrete block pavement is used in Europe in extreme weather. Specially designed concrete block pavement innovations can withstand heavy static traffic loads such as rigid pavements, and these can be readjusted easily if a change in pavement layout is required. The method used in this study uses pure experimentation with the parameters of the variation of the pattern, the variation of the type, and the variation of the dimensions. This research uses the Autocad, PLAXIS and SAP2000 programs. This program finds moments and deformations that occur in the modeled paving blocks as well as soil deflections that occur due to deformation loads in various shapes (brick). The results obtained from the analysis of previous research show that there is the most optimum shape among the brick paving block shapes with a thickness of 6, 8 and 10 cm. The way to determine it is to make a paving block preparation simulation with the SketchUp, PLAXIS and SAP2000 programs. From the program calculations, the interlocking aspects, land subsidence and deformation aspects are produced.
Hybrid System PSO-ANFIS for Optimization of The Water Level in The Tank
Authors: Yunus M. , Siswanto Markhaban , Wahyudi S Imam , Soedarsono  
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The speed and pressure of the water flow are determined by the height and volume of the water. The speed of the water flow in the actuator is determined by the use of this flow sensor system. A good tank-based water flow control model should be developed. At a certain point, the actuator stabilizes the rate of water production per minute. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an automatic and precise control technique. Many Artificial Intelligence (AI) methods are used in system optimization. Among them are Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Neural Network (NN), Fuzzy Inference System (FIS), and ANFIS. Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) is a combination of NN and FIS. In this study, the PSO method was combined with ANFIS. This hybrid method produces better optimization compared to the previous method. The best water level control simulation results are PSO-ANFIS with an overshot of 0.572 pu, undershot of 0.563 pu, and flow output overshot of 0.008 pu, undershot of 0.009 pu.