bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TNF receptor‐associated factor‐1 (TRAF1) negatively regulates Toll/IL‐1 receptor domain‐containing adaptor inducing IFN‐β (TRIF)‐mediated signaling
Authors: Su Xiaoqin , Li Su , Meng Min , Qian Wanqiang , Xie Wei , Chen Danying , Zhai Zhonghe , Shu Hong‐Bing 
Published: December 2005

AbstractToll‐like receptor 3 (TLR3) plays an important role in antiviral responses through recognizing viral double‐stranded RNA produced during viral infection and mediating induction of type I IFN. TRIF is a Toll/IL‐1 receptor (TIR) domain‐containing adaptor protein that is associated with TLR3 and critically involved in TLR3‐mediated signaling. In yeast two‐hybrid screens, we identified TNF receptor‐associated factor (TRAF)1 as a TRIF‐interacting protein. The TRAF‐C domain of TRAF1 and the TIR domain of TRIF were responsible for their interaction. Overexpression of TRAF1 inhibited TRIF‐ and TLR3‐mediated activation of NF‐κB, IFN‐stimulated response element and the IFN‐β promoter. Overexpression of TRIF caused caspase‐dependent cleavage of TRAF1. The cleaved N‐terminal but not C‐terminal fragment of TRAF1 was responsible for inhibiting TRIF signaling. Mutation of the caspase cleavage site of TRAF1 or addition of the caspase inhibitor crmA inhibited TRAF1 cleavage and abolished the ability of TRAF1 to inhibit TRIF signaling, suggesting that TRIF‐induced cleavage of TRAF1 is required for its inhibition of TRIF signaling. Our findings provide a novel mechanism for negative regulation of TRIF‐mediated signaling.
Ethynylazulenes — Building Blocks for Novel Oligoazulenes with Ethynyl and Butadiynyl Bridges
Authors: Fabian Kai H. H. , Elwahy Ahmed H. M. , Hafner Klaus 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThe azulenes3a,b,6a,b,9,12and15ethynylated in the five‐membered ring were prepared by Pd‐catalysed cross‐coupling of the corresponding iodoazulenes1a,b,4a,b,7,10and13, respectively, with trimethylsilylacetylene and subsequent desilylation. The synthesis of some acyclic oligomers23–30,32–36and38–40from these ethynylazulenes could be accomplished by oxidative Eglinton coupling as well as Pd/Cu‐catalysed cross‐coupling reactions with the appropriate iodoazulenes1a,b,4b,31and34. The UV/Vis spectra of the novel oligomers32,35and36allow an estimation of the bandgap (Eg) of poly(1,3‐azulenylethynylene)s lower than 2 eV. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Trifluoromethyl‐Substituted Phenylsilanes: The Regiochemical Course of Their Metalation Dictated by Buttressing Effects
Authors: Schlosser Manfred , Heiss Christophe , Leroux Frédéric 
Published: November 2005

AbstractTriethyl[(2‐trifluoromethyl)phenyl]silane reacts with the superbasic LIC‐KOR mixture of butyllithium and potassium tert‐butoxide exclusively at the 4‐position (“meta‐metalation”) and not at all at the 3‐position (“ortho‐metalation”). Two further substrates which simultaneously contain two trifluoromethyl groups, triethyl[2,4‐ and 2,5‐bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]silane, undergo deprotonation at the 5‐ and 4‐position, respectively. Thus, a buttressing effect blocks the attack of metalating agents on the ortho position of any trifluoromethyl group which is neighbored, on the other side, by a trialkyl substituent. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Cognitive correlates of brain MRI subcortical signal hyperintensities in non‐demented elderly
Authors: Marshall Gad A. , Hendrickson Rick , Kaufer Daniel I. , Ivanco Larry S. , Bohnen Nicolaas I. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) subcortical gray and capsular (SGCH) and white matter hyperintensities (WMH) and cognitive functions in non‐demented community dwelling elderly.MethodsThe severity of SGCH and WMH on proton density and T2 MR images in 16 subjects was scored using the semi‐quantitative rating scale of Scheltens et al. (1993). A limited series of cognitive tests selected a priori were then correlated with severity of SGCH and WMH.ResultsAnalysis demonstrated that severity of SGCH was inversely related to performance on the Digit Span (R = −0.64, p < 0.01) and the Stroop Color Word Tests (R = −0.64, p < 0.01). Severity of WMH was related to worsening performance on the Trail Making Test (R = 0.67, p < 0.005).ConclusionsThese findings indicate that severity of WMH is negatively related to more pure executive cognitive functions, specifically set shifting, while severity of SGCH is inversely related to more basic functions of attention and working memory. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The needs of older people with dementia in residential care
Authors: Hancock Geraldine A. , Woods Bob , Challis David , Orrell Martin 
Published: December 2005

AbstractBackgroundPeople with dementia often move into care homes as their needs become too complex or expensive for them to remain in their own homes. Little is known about how well their needs are met within care homes.MethodThe aim of this study was to identify the unmet needs of people with dementia in care and the characteristics associated with high levels of needs. Two hundred and thirty‐eight people with dementia were recruited from residential care homes nationally. Needs were identified using the Camberwell Assessment of Needs for the Elderly (CANE).ResultsResidents with dementia had a mean of 4.4 (SD 2.6) unmet and 12.1 (SD 2.6) met needs. Environmental and physical health needs were usually met. However, sensory or physical disability (including mobility problems and incontinence) needs, mental health needs, and social needs, such as company and daytime activities, were often unmet. Unmet needs were associated with psychological problems, such as anxiety and depression, but not with severity of dementia or level of dependency.ConclusionMental health services and residential home staff need to be aware that many needs remain unmet and much can be done to improve the quality of life of the residents with dementia. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dementia patients caregivers quality of life: the PIXEL study
Authors: Thomas Philippe , Lalloué Fabrice , Preux Pierre‐Marie , Hazif‐Thomas Cyril , Pariel Sylvie , Inscale Robcis , Belmin Joël , Clément Jean‐Pierre 
Published: December 2005

AbstractBackgroundAlzheimer's disease and related syndromes have heavy social and human consequences for the patient and his family. Beyond the neuropsychiatric effects of specific therapies for dementia, one of today's challenges is the quality of life for both patients and their informal caregivers.ObjectivesThis survey tends to determine parameters influencing caregivers' quality of life, and its possible link with patients' quality of life.MethodsA scale measuring caregivers' quality of life, developed from data from previous PIXEL studies was used. It is a questionnaire composed of 20 items. The scale was related to the socio‐demographic data of both patients and their main caregivers, to the ADRQL scale (Alzheimer Disease Related Quality Life) of Rabins for the QoL of dementia patients, to the patients medical and therapeutic data, specially a neuropsychological inventory: Folstein's cognition test, Cornell's depression scale, the fast battery of frontal assessment, Katz's dependence index, Cummings' neuropsychiatric inventory for behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia and to a physician evaluation of caregiver's depression.ResultsOne hundred patients diagnosed with dementia who live at home with their principal caregivers were recruited for this survey. Patients were 80.2 ± 6.8 years old and caregivers were 65.7 ± 12.8 years old. The caregivers' quality of life was correlated to the quality of life of the patients they cared for, the importance of behavioral disorders, and the duration of dementia evolution. Women caregivers had a worse quality of life and were more depressive than men.DiscussionCaregivers' and patients' quality of life are related and both share a community of distress. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Levels of integration and specialisation within professional community teams for people with dementia
Authors: Abendstern Michele , Reilly Siobhan , Hughes Jane , Venables Dan , Challis David 
Published: December 2005

AbstractBackgroundDelivering integrated and specialist mental health services for the growing population of older people with dementia in Britain is a key concern of the present government.AimsTo consider the nature of current practice among multi‐disciplinary and single discipline health and social care teams providing a service to people with dementia and compare the quality of service offered.MethodsA postal survey of professional community teams in North West England, providing services to people with dementia. Responses were analysed according to a number of standards measuring service quality, developed from research and policy documents. A response rate of 59% yielded a final sample of 52 teams.ResultsMulti‐disciplinary teams scored more highly than single discipline teams on many of the measures used. Single discipline teams achieved a higher score on just one measure, culturally sensitive services. Generally teams were found to provide a more integrated, targeted and person‐centred service, as measured in this study, compared with earlier findings. Teams performed less well on measures of flexibility and culturally sensitive provision.ConclusionsThese findings indicate some potential gains from integration, and highlight the level of work still needed to achieve it. Further research is needed to build on the structural and process measures used in this research in order that the costs and outcomes consequent upon these practices can be measured. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Alcohol and/or benzodiazepine use: different accidents—different impacts?
Authors: Kurzthaler Ilsemarie , Wambacher Markus , Golser Karl , Sperner Gernot , Sperner‐Unterweger Barbara , Haidekker Alexander , Pavlic Marion , Kemmler Georg , Fleischhacker W. Wolfgang 
Published: November 2005

Abstract1611 patients were included in this investigation. 16.7% of the patients were involved in traffic accidents, 38.2% were injured by a sudden fall, 3.5% were involved in an act of violence, 22.8% were injured by a sports related accident and 18.9% were hurt within a work‐related accident. 19.5% of the patients tested positive for alcohol, 5.2% tested positive for benzodiazepines and 1.4% tested positive for both substances. Blood samples were positive for alcohol in 27% males and 7.7% females and for benzodiazepines in 6.3% males and in 3.5% females. The mean blood alcohol concentration (BAC) as well as the mean benzodiazepine plasma level were higher in patients injured in violent accidents compared to the other injury groups.This study provides epidemiologic information about the relationship between specific kinds of accidents and alcohol and/or benzodiazepine use in a large probability sample of emergency room patients. We found a high number of patients using alcohol, and a lower but still relavant number of benzodiazepine users in this large and unselected traumatology ER sample. This study adds evidence to the existing literature about the co‐occurance of alcohol and/or benzodiazepine consumption and accident‐related injuries. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Enzymatic cleavage as a processing step in the maturation of Muc4/sialomucin complex
Authors: Soto Pedro , Zhang Jin , Carraway Kermit L. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractCleavage of Muc4/SMC precursor into two subunits is an essential processing step for maturation and occurs within a GD‐PH sequence. Recent evidence indicates that cleavage of the precursor of gel‐forming mucin MUC2 within the same tetrapeptide sequence occurs by a non‐enzymatic, autocatalytic cleavage at low pH, and in cells in the late secretory pathway. Here we provide evidence that the cleavage step of Muc4/SMC processing occurs by a proteolytic mechanism. First, processing of Muc4/SMC precursor to ASGP‐2 was inhibited in the presence of the mechanism‐based serine protease inhibitor, Pefabloc SC, under conditions that did not block synthesis of other proteins. This inhibition led to an increased level of the precursor. Second, neutralization of the acidic environment of the late secretory pathway with NH4Cl did not inhibit cleavage of Muc4/SMC precursor. These results indicate that the two mucins can be processed by cleavage at the same peptide site by different mechanisms. J. Cell. Biochem. 97: 1267–1274, 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Spermatozoal ultrastructure in three Atlantic solenocerid shrimps (Decapoda, Dendrobranchiata)
Authors: Medina Antonio , Scelzo Marcelo A. , Tudge Christopher C. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe spermatozoal ultrastructure in three solenocerid shrimps (Solenocera membranacea, S. africana, and Pleoticus muelleri) from different Atlantic locations was examined with the aim of increasing understanding of the phylogenetic relationships in the Dendrobranchiata. A considerable structural similarity between the sperm of these species and those of penaeid shrimps supports a close affinity between the Penaeidae and Solenoceridae. However, significant differences in the sperm morphology of the previously investigated sicyoniids (namely, a greater complexity of the acrosomal complex) suggest evolutionary separation of the Sicyoniidae from the assemblage Penaeidae‐Solenoceridae. Two ultrastructural features distinguish the spermatozoa of the three studied solenocerids from penaeid sperm: 1) separation of the plasma and acrosome membranes at the base of the spike and anterior region of the cap, and 2) asymmetry of the acrosomal cap, which appears to be a synapomorphy of the group. No striking ultrastructural differences were found between the spermatozoa of the closely related species S. membranacea and S. africana, whereas a great number of morphological differences separate the spermatozoa of Pleoticus from those of Solenocera (e.g., shape of the acrosomal cap, structural arrangement of the contents of the whole acrosome vesicle, thickness and distribution of the cytoplasm, and external shape of the spike). J. Morphol. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
MALDI‐TOF mass spectrometry on cellulosic surfaces of fresh and photo‐aged di‐ and triterpenoid varnish resins
Authors: Scalarone Dominique , Duursma Marc C. , Boon Jaap J. , Chiantore Oscar 
Published: November 2005

AbstractMatrix‐Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time‐of‐Flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF‐MS) on cellulosic surfaces is shown to be a suitable method for examining highly oxidized terpenoids, which are otherwise too difficult to determine by other techniques. By crystallization of a 2,5‐dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHB) matrix and the sample solution on cellulose‐coated thin layer chromatography(TLC) plates, spectra with good signal/noise ratios are obtained and no significant interferences due to matrix ions or cluster ions were produced, at least not in the range ofm/zvalues of interest (>300 Da). The validity of the method was tested on natural di‐ and triterpenoid resins used as paint varnishes by Old Masters. The samples were analyzed before and after artificial light ageing. Di‐ and triterpenoid compounds, being very sensitive towards photo‐oxidation, were found as oxidized molecules even in the raw resins and in the unexposed varnish layers. Artificial ageing simulating window‐filtered daylight resulted in a stronger oxidation of the original terpenoids and the incorporation of up to six oxygen atoms per molecule could be demonstrated. Terpenoid dimers and their oxidation products were also detected. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A high‐pressure mass spectrometric and density functional theory investigation of the thermochemical properties and structure of protonated dimers and trimers of glycine
Authors: Raspopov Serguei A. , McMahon Terrance B. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractA new modification of pulsed‐ionization high‐pressure mass spectrometry (PHPMS) has been used to perform equilibrium thermochemical studies for relatively nonvolatile biomolecules such as amino acids. Binding enthalpy and entropy changes have been measured for proton‐bound clusters of glycine, which are in good agreement with both theoretical (DFT) results of this work and a previous blackbody infrared dissociation experiment. Experimental data indicate that a number of conformers of the proton‐bound dimer of glycine may coexist in the explored temperature range (360–460 K). Several new, conceptually different isomers (two of them zwitterionic) have been found by DFT calculations, one of which is 7 kJ mol−1 lower in energy than the structure previously reported to be the energy minimum. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The role of synoptic‐scale circulation in the linkage between large‐scale ocean–atmosphere indices and winter surface climate in British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Stahl Kerstin , Moore R. Dan , Mckendry Ian G. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractIn much of North America, variables such as temperature, precipitation, snowpack and streamflow are modulated by modes of large‐scale ocean‐atmosphere variability such as the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Pacific North American Pattern (PNA). In this study, we test the hypothesis that the influence of these modes on air temperature and precipitation in British Columbia (BC), Canada, can be explained in relation to changes in frequencies of synoptic‐scale circulation types. A catalogue of 13 circulation types was derived by classifying daily mean sea‐level pressure (MSLP) grids from 1948 to 2003. The grids cover BC and the North Pacific and were subjected to a standard pattern recognition algorithm employing principal component analysis followed by cluster analysis on the component scores. The circulation types are generally associated with distinctive patterns of precipitation and air temperature anomalies across BC. Multiple linear regressions for selected stations in BC using the type frequencies as predictors explain up to 75% of the variance of mean winter temperature and 65% of winter precipitation. The frequencies of most circulation types vary significantly between the different phases of ENSO, PDO and PNA in a manner consistent with the temperature anomalies associated with those modes and, to a lesser extent, with the more complex precipitation anomalies. In addition, however, average temperatures and precipitation amounts for some circulation types differ systematically between phases of ENSO and PDO. Subsequent analysis revealed distinct differences among ENSO and PDO phases in the upper‐level circulation patterns associated with some surface types. A major part of the teleconnections can be explained through variations in the frequencies of synoptic‐scale circulation types, but systematic within‐type variability, particularly with PDO and PNA, can additionally influence the surface climate. Copyright © 2005 Royal Meteorological Society.
The α‐effect in micelles: Nucleophilic substitution reaction of p‐nitrophenyl acetate with N‐phenylbenzohydroxamate ion
Authors: Ghosh Kallol K. , Vaidya Jyoti , Satnami Manmohan Lal 
Published: November 2005

AbstractPseudo‐first‐order rate constants have been determined for the nucleophilic substitution reactions of p‐nitrophenyl acetate with p‐chlorophenoxide (4‐ClC6H4O−) and N‐phenylbenzohydroxamate (C6H5CON(C6H5)O−) ions in phosphate buffer (pH 7.7) at 27°C. The effect of cationic, (CTAB, TTAB, DTAB), anionic (SDS), and nonionic (Brij‐35) surfactants has been studied. The kobs value increases upon addition of CTAB and TTAB. The effect of DTAB and other surfactants on the reaction is not very significant. The micellar catalysis and α‐effect shown by hydroxamate ion have been explained. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 38: 26–31, 2006
Effect of surfactant micelles on the kinetics of oxidation of D‐fructose by cerium(IV) in sulfuric acid medium
Authors: Kabir‐ud‐Din  , Ali Mohd. Sajid , Khan Zaheer 
Published: November 2005

AbstractKinetics of the oxidation of D‐fructose by cerium(IV) has been investigated both in the absence and presence of surfactants (cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, CTAB, and sodium dodecyl sulfate, SDS) in sulfuric acid medium. The reaction exhibits first‐order kinetics each in [cerium(IV)] and
[D‐fructose] and inverse first order in [H2SO4]. The Arrhenius equation is found to be valid for the reaction between 30–50°C. A detailed mechanism with the associated reaction kinetics is presented and discussed. While SDS has no effect, CTAB increases the reaction rate with the same kinetic behavior in its presence. The catalytic role of CTAB micelles is discussed in terms of the pseudophase model proposed by Menger and Portnoy. The association constant Ks that equals to 286 mol−1 dm3 is found for the association of cerium(IV) with the positive head group of CTAB micelles. The effect of inorganic electrolytes (Na2SO4, NaNO3, NaCl) has also been studied and discussed. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 38: 18–25, 2006
Towards the automatic analysis of 1H NMR spectra: Part 5. Confirmation of chemical structure with flow‐NMR
Authors: Griffiths Lee 
Published: December 2005

AbstractA shift comparison procedure, which allows the use of flow spectra in automatic structure confirmation, is described. The effect of imperfect proton scaling at the analysis stage, loss of solute resonances under large solvent signals and the intermittent detection of labile protons are considered. The derivation of a suitable threshold acceptance criterion in the absence of explicit knowledge of spectral prediction reliability is also discussed.The methodology yielded approximately 10–15% incorrect structure confirmation, but the exact number depends on the reliability of spectral prediction and the number of incorrect but closely related structures postulated. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reverse atom‐transfer radical polymerization of acrylonitrile catalyzed by FeCl3/iminodiacetic acid
Authors: Hou Chen , Liu Junshen , Wang Chengguo 
Published: November 2005

AbstractFeCl3 coordinated by iminodiacetic acid (IMA) was Changed used for the first time as the catalyst in azobisisobutyronitrile‐initiated reverse atom‐transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of acrylonitrile (AN). An FeCl3 to IMA ratio of 1:2 not only gave the best control of molecular weight and its distribution but also provided a rather rapid reaction rate. The effects of solvents on the polymerization of AN were also investigated. The rate of the polymerization in N,N‐dimethylformamide (DMF) was faster than in propylene carbonate or toluene. The molecular weight of polyacrylonitrile agreed reasonably well with the theoretical molecular weight in DMF. The rate of polymerization increased with increasing polymerization temperature and the apparent activation energy was calculated to be 54.8 kJ mol−1. The reverse ATRP of AN did not show obvious living characteristics with CuCl2 instead of FeCl3. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry