bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Excellent performance of AgNbO3 in adaptive photothermal management via ferroelectric‐to‐paraelectric phase transition
Authors: Tong Liping , Zhao Zhiyuan , Wang Zhongyang , Lan Xianhao , Chen Simeng , Xu Yang , Yang Miaosen , Han Zhiya , Liu Yixin , Kang Yue , Liu Xiyang , Zhao Su , Zhou Tao , Fan Tongxiang 
Published: February 2025

AbstractAdaptive photothermal management (APM) materials with large emissivity variation and low solar absorptivity are vital in the field of smart thermal control. However, the related variable emission mechanism in phase‐changing progress for adaptively photothermal modulating material suffers from drawbacks of diversity, complexity and uncertainty. Herein, AgNbO3 (ANO) is discovered as a new promising APM material with low solar absorptivity and large emissivity variation after density functional theory (DFT) calculation and experimental demonstration on five types of phases for ANO. The ANO ceramic is prepared by solid‐state reaction method with high temperature, appearing ferrielectric orthorhombic (M1, Pmc21), antiferroelectric orthorhombic (M2, Pbcm), antiferroelectric orthorhombic (M3, Pbcm), paraelectric orthorhombic (O, Cmcm), and paraelectric tetragonal (T, P4/mbm) phases. Meanwhile, the obtained ANO ceramic has both a low solar absorptivity of 0.1886 in 250–2500 nm, and exhibits a large emissivity variation of 0.4242 in 300–860 K. The comprehensive performance of both low solar absorptivity and large emissivity variation for ANO ceramic is superior to the best available intelligent thermal control materials (low solar absorptivity and large emissivity variation are difficult to coexist in one component). The low solar absorptivity, dielectric permittivity, and phase transition temperature could be attributed to the big crystallite size, while the influence of surface crystallite size on average emissivity could be ignored. Additionally, mechanisms of Nb─O and Ag─O bonds for the emissivity in phase‐changing progress are proposed by establishing the relationship between the orbital character of the density of states and the infrared emissivity. Furthermore, the effect of polarization on emissivity is revealed. This work will guide APM materials selection and preparation toward desired emissivity and solar absorptivity to satisfy numerous applications.
Empowerment and Optimum Use of Strengths Reduce Nurses' Time Pressure
Authors: Chang Hao‐Yuan , Lee I‐Chen , Tai Shih‐I , Wong Alice May‐Kuen , Yu Wen‐Pin , Cheng T. C. E. , Teng Ching‐I 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTAimsTo examine how empowerment, strength use, and their interactions with nursing skill level are related to nurse‐perceived time pressure.BackgroundNurse‐perceived time pressure increases the chance of missed patient care and turnover intention. Time pressure may be reduced by nurses' placement in jobs that make use of their particular strengths (professional abilities, skills and expertise), rather than in jobs that fail to take advantage of these strengths. Empowerment (access to resources, information, support, and opportunities) may also contribute to a reduction time pressure. However, it is not known how strength use and empowerment impact time pressure and how such an impact differs among nurses, indicating a research gap.DesignThis was a cross‐sectional study.MethodsThe 501 nurse participants were approached at a medical center located in northern Taiwan. Complete survey responses were collected in November and December 2023. The sampling method was proportionate random sampling, which can help ensure sample representativeness. This study used scales of empowerment, strength use and time pressure.ResultsStrength use is negatively related to time pressure. Nursing skill level strengthens the negative relationship between strength use and time pressure, while reducing the negative relationship between empowerment and time pressure.ConclusionThis study uniquely highlights the pivotal role of nursing skill level in moderating the effects of empowerment and strength use.ImpactThis study impacts nurse managers by informing them how to devise policies regarding empowerment and task allocation to best utilise nurses' strengths.Implications for the ProfessionIt is suggested that nurse managers offer flexibility in their application of nurses' empowerment and strength use, as they may exert varied effects on different nurses.Reporting MethodSTROBE statement was chosen as the EQUATOR checklist.Patient or Public ContributionNo patient or public contribution.
Machine Learning Accurately Predicts Muscle Invasion of Bladder Cancer Based on Three miRNAs
Authors: Eckhart Lea , Rau Sabrina , Eckstein Markus , Stahl Phillip R. , Ayoubian Hiresh , Heinzelbecker Julia , Zohari Farzaneh , Hartmann Arndt , Stöckle Michael , Lenhof Hans‐Peter , Junker Kerstin 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to validate the diagnostic potential of four previously identified miRNAs in two independent cohorts and to develop accurate classification models to predict invasiveness of bladder cancer. Furthermore, molecular subtypes were investigated. The miRNAs were isolated from pTa low‐grade (lg) (n = 113), pT1 high‐grade (hg) (n = 133) and muscle‐invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) (n = 136) tumour tissue samples (FFPE) after either transurethral resection of a bladder tumour (TURB) or cystectomy (CYS). In both cohorts, the expression of miR‐138‐5p and miR‐200a‐3p was significantly lower, and the expression of miR‐146b‐5p and miR‐155‐5p was significantly higher in MIBC compared to pTa lg. A k‐nearest neighbours (KNN) classifier trained to distinguish pTa lg from MIBC based on three miRNAs achieved an accuracy of 0.94. The accuracy remained at 0.91 when the classifier was applied exclusively to the TURB samples. To guarantee reliable predictions, a conformal prediction approach was applied to the KNN model, which eliminated all misclassifications on the test cohort. pT1 hg samples were classified as MIBC in 32% of cases using the KNN model. miR‐146b‐5p, miR‐155‐5p and miR‐200a‐3p expressions are significantly associated with particular molecular subtypes. In conclusion, we confirmed that the four miRNAs significantly distinguish MIBC from NMIBC. A classification model based on three miRNAs was able to accurately classify the phenotype of invasive tumors. This could potentially support the histopathological diagnosis in bladder cancer and therefore, the clinical decision between performing a radical cystectomy and pursuing bladder‐conserving strategies, especially in pT1 hg tumors.
Evaluation of a Trial of Computerised Cognitive Behavioural Therapy Programme Within Local Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services
Authors: Bell Deborah 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTRationaleNICE guidelines recommend offering computerised Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (cCBT) to young people with mild mental health issues to ensure early treatment access and reduce service demand. Emerging evidence suggests cCBT reduces symptoms, but further evaluation is needed. SilverCloud is a recommended digital CBT programme.AimsEvaluate a pilot trial of SilverCloud in CAMHS at a local NHS Foundation Trust.Objectives(1) Symptomology: Is there a change in depression or anxiety symptoms after using the intervention? (measured by outcome scores); (2) Adoption: What was young people's engagement with SilverCloud? (measured by time spent on the platform and uptake); (3) Satisfaction: How satisfied were young people with SilverCloud? (measured by module feedback ratings and a questionnaire).MethodsThe SilverCloud intervention for young people was evaluated over 9 months. Reductions in symptoms of generalised anxiety disorder (GAD) and low mood were measured using the Revised Children's Anxiety and Depression Scale (RCADS), GAD, and Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) subscales. Adoption was measured by time spent on SilverCloud and intervention uptake. Satisfaction was measured by module feedback ratings and a questionnaire.ResultsNinety‐one people were offered SilverCloud, 77% started, 46% completed it and 27% disengaged. Thirty‐two participants completed SilverCloud during the evaluation (12 CYP and 20 parents). No statistically significant reduction was found in any subscale. Satisfaction was varied; 94% rated the intervention favourably, but no participants reported behaviour changes due to the intervention.ConclusionThis evaluation suggests tentative pessimism regarding SilverCloud's benefits. However, due to significant challenges and limitations, further analysis is recommended. Recommendations were given for local services.
Development of a Tetrahymena thermophila‐Based Vaccine Expressing Miamiensis avidus Ciliary Proteins to Combat Scuticociliatosis
Authors: Watanabe Yuho , Kotake Maho , Matsuoka Hiromi , Yoshinaga Tomoyoshi , Kitamura Shin‐Ichi 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTMiamiensis avidus is a parasitic pathogen responsible for scuticociliatosis, a lethal infection affecting marine fish worldwide, including Japanese flounder. Immunisation with formalin‐killed M. avidus has shown promise in inducing protective immunity, positioning it as a potential vaccine candidate against scuticociliatosis. However, challenges such as the high cost of producing sufficient cells and inconsistent quality due to the lack of cryopreservation methods hinder its development. In this study, we expressed M. avidus ciliary proteins in Tetrahymena, a culturable ciliate, and used these cells to immunise Japanese flounder. The immunised fish produced antibodies against M. avidus. Additionally, immunisation with two transgenic Tetrahymena strains, each expressing different ciliary proteins, induced the production of antibodies against two serotypes of the parasite. In challenge experiments, fish immunised with the transgenic Tetrahymena showed prolonged survival compared to the control group, highlighting the potential of this approach as a vaccine candidate. These findings suggest that transgenic Tetrahymena cells could be a viable platform for developing vaccines against multiple serotypes of M. avidus.
Diverticulitis in Older Adults: A Review of Etiology, Diagnosis, and Management
Authors: Hall Jessica K. , Supiano Mark A. , Cohan Jessica N. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundDiverticulitis accounts for over 300,000 hospitalizations annually in the United States and its incidence increases with age. Among older adults, diverticulitis is the fourth leading cause for emergency surgery. Older adults with multimorbidity and geriatric syndromes are often excluded from clinical studies, leaving a gap in the evidence needed to guide management. Here, we provide a clinically oriented review of the diagnosis and management of older adults with diverticulitis through the lens of age‐friendly care.Methods and ResultsWe reviewed the literature describing the epidemiology, diagnosis, management, and prevention of diverticulitis in older adults. Due to age‐related physiologic changes, the presence of geriatric syndromes, and multimorbidity, older adults with diverticulitis often present with atypical symptoms, variable laboratory findings, and are at higher risk for complications than younger patients. Guidelines support a more aggressive approach to diagnosis in this population, with lower threshold for obtaining diagnostic imaging. Antibiotics remain a mainstay of treatment for uncomplicated disease, and surgical management should be focused on severity of disease and the balance between the likelihood of improving quality of life and risks and burden of treatment.ConclusionsDiverticulitis is a common disease that has a unique presentation among older individuals with limited evidence to guide management. Diagnosis and treatment should focus on what matters most to the patient, providing the most meaningful outcome possible within the context of multimorbidity, patient goals, symptom burden, and anticipated treatment outcomes.
Trust in Physicians and End‐of‐Life Discussions and Preferences for Place of Care Among US Chinese Older Adults
Authors: Kim Hyosin , Jiang Yanping , Duberstein Paul R. , Tang Fengyan , Luth Elizabeth A. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundPatient trust in physicians is essential for effective end‐of‐life discussions. Little is known about how Chinese older adults' trust in physicians relates to their end‐of‐life care discussions and care setting preferences.ObjectiveTo examine the association between medical trust among Chinese older adults and their views on end‐of‐life discussions and care setting preferences.DesignSecondary analysis of longitudinal cohort data from the Population Study of Chinese Elderly (PINE) using linear mixed‐effects logistic and multinomial logistic regressions, adjusting for covariates. Predicted probabilities of outcome measures were reported.ParticipantsA total of 2192 Chinese older adult immigrants in greater Chicago participated in the PINE study from 2017 to 2020.Main MeasuresOutcome variables encompass four dimensions of end‐of‐life care planning: (1) beliefs about the importance of discussions with family; (2) discussions of end‐of‐life options with family; (3) preference for counseling with a healthcare provider as a resource; and (4) preferred place of care. The main independent variable was trust in physicians. Covariates included age, sex, education, income, years in the United States, living children, self‐rated health, and medical conditions.Key ResultsRespondents with strong trust were less likely to consider end‐of‐life discussions with family important (AOR = 0.70, 95% CI: 0.55–0.88). Those with strong trust were more likely than those with weak trust to value counseling with a healthcare provider for end‐of‐life discussions with family (AOR = 5.86, 95% CI: 4.65–7.38). Moderate trust was associated with a preference for end‐of‐life care in a hospital (AOR = 1.63, 95% CI: 1.30–2.05) over home care, relative to weak trust.ConclusionsOlder Chinese immigrants with strong trust tended to place less emphasis on end‐of‐life discussions with family and favored one‐on‐one counseling with a healthcare provider for end‐of‐life discussion. Patient education and family engagement in end‐of‐life discussions led by trusted healthcare providers may be promising approaches to ensure goal‐concordant care for this population.
A Comparison of Commonly Used Prediction Equations for Estimating Resting Metabolic Rate in Adults With Down Syndrome
Authors: Helsel Brian C. , Sherman Joseph R. , Bodde Amy E. , Washburn Richard A. , Ptomey Lauren T. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundResting metabolic rate (RMR), the energy required by the body at rest, is the largest part of total daily energy expenditure. Commonly used prediction equations may overestimate RMR in adults with Down syndrome (DS). The purpose of this study was to assess the equivalency of prediction equations for estimating RMR in adults with DS.MethodsTwenty‐five adults with DS (24 ± 5 years of age, 64% female) completed RMR assessments at an academic medical centre in the United States between November 2021 and July 2023. Measured RMR (kilocalories per day) was compared to estimated RMR from eight prediction equations using a null hypothesis significance (i.e., a paired t‐test) and equivalence (i.e., a two one‐sided test) tests. Bland–Altman plots, Pearson correlations and linear regressions were used to evaluate the bias between the measured and predicted RMR values.ResultsMeasured RMR in adults with DS was 1090 ± 136 kcal/day. Prediction equations overestimated RMR by 8 ± 16% (76 ± 165 kcal/day) to 45 ± 16% (488 ± 165 kcal/day) except for the Bernstein fat‐free mass equation which underestimated RMR by 0.2 ± 11.5% (8 ± 123 kcal/day) and was statistically equivalent to measured RMR in our sample (p = 0.027).ConclusionsThe Bernstein fat‐free mass equation offers better accuracy in adults with DS than other RMR prediction equations, but the equation needs to be evaluated in larger, more diverse samples of adults with DS.
Plate Interface Shear Zone in the Sanbagawa Metamorphic Belt, Constrained by RSCM Thermometry, U–Pb Zircon Dating and Phase Equilibria Modelling in the Sarutagawa Region, Central Shikoku, Japan
Authors: Papeschi Samuele , Kawaguchi Kenta , Okazaki Keishi , Hayasaka Yasutaka , Hirose Takehiro 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTExhumed high‐P/low‐T complexes are of paramount importance to directly access rocks that experienced subduction zone processes. However, the original tectono‐metamorphic fabrics are often partially obliterated by exhumation and later deformation, hindering our understanding of the processes occurring at depth. We show an example of how multiple field‐ and lab‐based analytical techniques may be used to extract information of the pristine fabrics of polydeformed metamorphic rocks. We investigated a natural cross section through the chlorite, garnet and albite‐biotite zones of the exhumed Shirataki Unit in the Sanbagawa metamorphic belt, exposed in the Sarutagawa (Saruta River) area of the Central Shikoku, coupling structural‐petrographic analysis with Raman Spectroscopy on Carbonaceous Material (RSCM) thermometry, phase equilibrium modelling and U–Pb zircon dating. RSCM thermometry reveals a progressive temperature increase from 350°C–400°C to 500°C–550°C over an ~400 m distance, characterized by condensed metamorphic isograds in the garnet zone. Phase equilibrium modelling indicates slightly decreasing metamorphic pressures through the transect from 0.6–0.9 GPa at low‐T to 0.4–0.7 GPa at high‐T with preserved blueschist‐facies parageneses, documented for the first time in the area, restricted to the ~400°C–450°C range. Hence, rocks developed close to the Sanbagawa subduction gradient are juxtaposed with rocks that experienced significant retrograde heating during exhumation. Moreover, we found that competent lithologies such as quartzite and basic schist along the transect preserve trenchward‐directed deformation structures that are obliterated by orogen‐parallel stretching in the surrounding, incompetent pelitic schists. U–Pb dating shows progressively older youngest detrital zircon ages and syn‐depositional peaks from 79–76 and ~88–80 Ma in the chlorite zone to ~92 and ~100 Ma in the garnet zone, respectively, indicating that the lower grade units were subducted at a later stage and that, hence, different metamorphic grades in the area correspond to different protolith ages. The data discussed above is consistent with the former presence of a regional shear zone that, although partially obliterated by younger deformation, contributed to the exhumation of higher‐T rocks of the albite‐biotite and oligoclase‐biotite zones over subducting rocks of the chlorite and garnet zones, likely exploiting the subduction interface. These results offer a framework to investigate the geological record of subduction in the polyphase metamorphic rocks of the Sanbagawa belt.
Pituitary gonadotropin‐releasing hormone II as a possible mediator of positive estrogen feedback
Authors: Urbanski Henryk F. , Appleman Maria‐Luisa , Fecteau Kristopher M. , Erikson David W. , Kohama Steven G. , MacKinnon Riley , Lomniczi Alejandro 
Published: February 2025

AbstractIt has previously been shown that rhesus macaques express two forms of gonadotropin‐releasing hormone (GNRH1 and GNRH2) in the hypothalamus and that both forms can stimulate the release of luteinizing hormone (LH) in vivo. However, while much has been published about the role of GNRH1 in reproduction, very little is known about the hypophysiotropic function of GNRH2. To shed light on this issue, we studied the expression pattern of these two genes in different parts of the monkey hypothalamus and pituitary gland under controlled conditions of circulating estrogen levels, using qPCR, liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry and RNAscope. GNRH1/GNRH1 expression was found throughout the hypothalamus and was largely unaffected by circulating estradiol levels. In contrast, GNRH2/GNRH2 expression was found to be enhanced by long‐term treatment with estradiol and during the late follicular phase of the menstrual cycle, especially in the arcuate nucleus and pituitary gland. Together these findings suggest that pituitary GNRH2/GNRH2 (but not GNRH1/GNRH1) is induced by positive feedback‐like levels of estradiol. This novel finding raises the possibility that GNRH2 plays a major role in triggering the preovulatory LH surge in primates, not only at the level of the hypothalamus but also the pituitary gland.
Conserved DNA methylation signatures in the prefrontal cortex of female newborn and juvenile guinea pigs following antenatal betamethasone exposure
Authors: Kim Bona , Kostaki Alice , Matthews Stephen G. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractAntenatal corticosteroids (ACS) improve perinatal survival when there is a risk of preterm birth. Although evidence suggests an increased risk of developing neurobehavioural disorders in exposed offspring, the mechanisms involved remain largely unknown. Here, we investigated the DNA methylation patterns in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of ACS‐exposed guinea pig offspring. We hypothesized that differential methylation will be evident at both newborn and juvenile ages. In two separate cohorts, pregnant guinea pigs were administered a subcutaneous injection of saline or betamethasone (1 mg/kg) on gestational days 50/51 to mimic a single course of ACS. The gDNA was isolated from the PFC of term‐born female offspring on postnatal day 1 (PND1, n = 7/group) and PND14 (n = 6–7/group) to identify differentially methylated CpG sites (DMCs) using reduced representative bisulphite sequencing. In the PND1 PFC, 1521 DMCs, annotating 144 genes were identified following ACS. Identified genes are involved in pathways regulating ‘developmental cellular process’. In the PND14 PFC, 776 DMCs representing 46 genes were identified and enriched in ‘synaptic signalling’ pathways. Though no individual DMCs were identified at both PND1 and PND14, differential methylation was consistently observed at the binding sites of transcription factors PLAGL1, TFAP2C, ZNF263 and SP1 at both ages. We have established that ACS exposure leads to altered DNA methylation in the PFC of guinea pig offspring at both newborn and juvenile ages. Notably, a unique methylation signature was consistently observed at four key transcription factor binding sites at both post‐natal time points. These changes may predispose the development of altered neurobehavioural phenotypes that have been described in ACS‐exposed offspring.