bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
STUDIES ON THE TETRAZOLIUM REDUCTION ASSAY FOR FOLLICLE-STIMULATING HORMONE
Authors: Bell E. T. , Christie D. W. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The technique of Casellato et al. (1967) for the bioassay of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) involving the reduction of 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride in the vagina of the immature mouse following the administration of FSH and human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) has been studied. In initial experiments it was found that FSH administration did not cause a consistent increase in tetrazolium reduction. Accordingly, modifications to the method involving the dosage of HCG, the time of tetrazolium injection and the time of autopsy after tetrazolium administration have been studied. It was concluded that in the mouse colony employed the tetrazolium assay could not be established.
OPTIMUM CULTURE CONDITIONS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF PROLACTIN FROM RAT ANTERIOR PITUITARY ORGAN CULTURES
Authors: Gala Richard R. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Factors influencing prolactin production and anterior pituitary (AP) tissue survival in vitro were investigated. Media 199, NCTC-109, MB752/1 and Trowells-T8 were compared for their ability to support the rat AP in vitro and found to be similar, although Trowells-T8 appeared to be less well suited for this tissue. Culturing AP in Hanks balanced salt solution (BSS) resulted in a lower prolactin production and tissue survival than in Medium 199; nevertheless, there was a tenfold net synthesis of prolactin. Streptomycin and penicillin at a level of 200 units each/ml and nystatin at a level of 50 units/ml were found to control the growth of microorganisms without any deleterious effects on the AP. Amphotercine B at a level of 25 μg/ml, on the other hand, was incompatible with AP tissue survival and function. When pituitary fragments weighed 2.8 mg or more, prolactin production and tissue survival were decreased relative to AP fragments which weighed 1.2 mg or less. Culture of pituitary tissue completely submerged in medium was not compatible with optimum hormone production or AP survival. Pituitary pieces supported by stainless steel platforms with filter paper wicks resulted in better tissue survival and significantly greater prolactin production that when cultured under similar conditions but without a wick.
INFLUENCE OF CORTICOSTEROIDS AND CHLORPROMAZINE ON THE RELEASE OF VASOPRESSIN FROM ISOLATED NEURAL LOBES OF RATS
Authors: Vilhardt Hans 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Isolated neural hemilobes from rats were stimulated with high concentrations of potassium during incubation with media containing corticotrophin, prednisolone, aldosterone or chlorpromazine. Corticotrophin or aldosterone did not influence the amount of vasopressin released during stimulation, whereas prednisolone in a concentration of 10 μg/100 ml medium caused a significant inhibition. It was found that low concentrations of chlorpromazine inhibited the stimulated release of vasopressin from isolated neural hemilobes, whereas high concentrations increased the release. The possible physiological significance of the results is discussed with particular reference to possible modulating effects of glucocorticoids on the release process of neurohypophyseal hormones.
PSEUDOTUMOR HYPOPHYSEOS
Authors: Goldzieher Joseph W. , Hardy Robert C. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Sellar enlargement associated with various types of pituitary deficiency and occasionally with unusual neurologic signs may be the consequence of chronically increased intracranial pressure. The ninth case of such a syndrome associated with congenital obstruction of the aqueduct of Sylvius is reported. The prognosis for restoration of pituitary function postoperatively is remarkably good.
QUANTITATIVE ASSESSMENT OF THE DE NOVO STEROL AND STEROID SYNTHESIS IN THE HUMAN FOETO-PLACENTAL UNIT.
Authors: Mathur R. S. , Archer D. F. , Wiqvist N. , Diczfalusy E. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
In order to assess the quantitative significance of the de novo cholesterol synthesis in the foeto-placental unit at midgestation, two midgestation foetuses and two complete foeto-placental units were perfused with [14C]-sodium acetate immediately following their removal at laparotomy. The perfusions were carried out at 36°C for 120 min administering 3.0 and 6.0 mCi of [14C] sodium acetate, respectively. The amount of [14C]-cholesterol formed was estimated on the basis of the recovery of [7α-3H]-cholesterol internal standard present in the radiochemically homogeneous cholesterol isolated from the various tissues.
The cholesterol isolated from the placentas was devoid of any [14C] label. On the other hand, [14C] cholesterol was isolated from all perfusates, as well as from all foetal tissues studied, including the adrenals, livers, testicles, brains and residual foetal tissues.
The average quantity of radiochemically homogeneous [14C] cholesterol formed by the four foetuses corresponded to 0.68% of the radioactive material perfused: 0.45% was isolated from the liver, 0.13% from the adrenals, 0.01% from the testicles and 0.08% from the perfusates.
Cholesterol sulphate was also isolated from the extracts of adrenals, livers and perfusates. The quantity of [14C] cholesterol sulphate formed was much less than that of [14C] cholesterol; following correction for procedural losses, the total amount of [14C] cholesterol sulphate isolated did not exceed 0.01% of the perfused material.
It is concluded that the midgestation human foetus synthesizes large quantities of cholesterol, utilizing small molecular material such as sodium acetate as a precursor and that part of the cholesterol synthesized by the foetus is secreted to the placenta.
CONTRACEPTION BY AN INJECTABLE LONG-ACTING OESTROGEN-PROGESTOGEN AGENT. II.
Authors: Plesner Rolf 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The results of a clinical investigation on 22 fertile women treated cyclically with a total of 341 injections of Deladroxate, an injectable, long-acting oestrogen-progestogen are presented. The injections were administered on the 8th (7th–9th) day of each cycle. Before treatment, the patients were observed through 2 cycles for cycle length as well as duration and amount of flow.
In some cases the dose was increased because of a shortening of the cycle. The over all mean cycle length during the treatment was 25.3 days, though with fairly marked variations. The mean cycle length before treatment was 28.4 days.
The duration of flow ranged from 1–30 days. About 72% of 320 withdrawal bleedings lasted for 4–8 days. Of the flows 60% were of normal amounts, while the majority of the remaining flows were scantier than the normal pre-treatment flows of the subjects.
Side effects during treatment were recorded in one or more cycles in 17 of the 22 subjects and were in most cases slight and transient. The most common complaints were breast tenderness, oedema, and irregularities of bleeding. No pregnancy occurred during treatment.
After discontinuation of the injections, bleedings and cycles normalized spontaneously in 11 women. In 1 woman curettage was performed because of profuse flow, and 2 women were treated with oral oestrogen-progestogens because of persistent bleeding. Eight women started oral contraception before the cycles became regular.
GOITROUS ENZOOTIC IN THE WILD RAT WITH A GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION SIMILAR TO ENDEMIC HUMAN GOITRE
Authors: Orts S. , Dustin P. , Delange F. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The aim of the present work has been to verify the determining influence of the environmental factor on the geographical distribution of goitre in Idjwi Island (Lake Kivu, Dem. Rep. of the Congo). The weight and histology of the thyroid of wild rats have been compared in the areas of high (North Idjwi) and low (South West Idjwi) prevalence of goitre in man. This animal has been chosen because its food consists mainly of the remains of human food and because it abounds in the two areas investigated.
The mean thyroid weight in 114 rats captured in the North of the Island is 18.3 ± 0.5 mg. This result is significantly higher than the value of 12.1 ± 0.3 mg obtained in 101 animals captured in the South West of the Island (P < 0.001). Furthermore, an aspect of hyperstimulation characterized by a reduction or disappearance of the colloid of the thyroid vesicles was observed in 66.7% of the glands in the first area, as compared to 8.5% only in those of the second area (P < 0.0005).
This investigation thus shows the existence of a goitrous enzootic in the wild rat in Idjwi Island, which is geographically superimposable on the endemic human goitre.
Since the North and the South West of the Island have a similar iodine deficiency, the present data support the hypothesis of the existence in the North of the Island of an additional goitrogenic factor, distinct from the iodine deficiency.
THE DISSOCIATION OF ALDOSTERONE SECRETION AND SYSTEMIC RENIN AND ANGIOTENSIN II LEVELS DURING THE CORRECTION OF SODIUM DEFICIENCY
Authors: Blair-West J. R. , Cain M. D. , Catt K. J. , Coghlan J. P. , Denton D. A. , Funder J. W. , Scoggins B. A. , Wright R. D. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Conscious trained sheep with adrenal autotransplants and a unilateral parotid fistula were studied.
Progressive depletion of sodium, up to 900 mEq. over 69 h, resulted in a progressive and proportional increase in aldosterone secretion rate, the peripheral blood concentration of aldosterone and angiotensin, and the plasma renin level.
The same parameters were then studied following the rapid correction of sodium depletion by voluntary drinking of 2–3 1 of hypertonic NaHCO3 solution (300 mEq./l). In 11 of 12 experiments, where animals rapidly drank adequate sodium solution to correct body deficit, aldosterone secretion fell close to, or into the sodium replete range within 6 h after drinking. Although plasma renin concentration and blood angiotensin levels also tended to decrease, they fell at a much slower rate than the aldosterone secretion rate. The dissociation was most apparent about two hours after drinking NaHCO3 solution. On occasions, large fall of aldosterone occurred without fall of angiotensin. However, the close correlation between renin and angiotensin was unchanged. The results were indicative that, during rapid correction of sodium deficiency, aldosterone secretion rate was determined by factors other than, or additional to, the contemporary level of angiotensin in peripheral blood. The question whether changes in plasma ionic concentrations could wholly, or only partly account for this disjunction between angiotensin and aldosterone is discussed, and the existence of an aldosterone inhibitory mechanism is postulated.
VASOPRESSIN-INDUCED INCREASE IN PERIPHERAL PLASMA PROGESTERONE LEVELS DURING EARLY HUMAN PREGNANCY
Authors: Fylling Petter 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Vasopressin, adrenaline and theophyllamine infusions administered to pregnant women in the first trimester had a marked stimulating effect on the progesterone* level of peripheral plasma. The effect was dose-dependent within the range tested, and the vasopressin effect was potentiated when theophyllamine was added to the infusion medium. Vasopressin infusion, however, had no effect on the human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) level in peripheral blood. Oxytocin had only a slight effect on the progesterone levels as compared with a control group receiving only saline infusion. 3′,5′-adenosine monophosphate (cyclic AMP) infusion given over a period of 40 minutes (0.4 mg/kg/min) to one pregnant woman resulted in a moderate increase in the progesterone level.
CHANGES IN THE VOLUME OF RAT CORPUS LUTEUM DURING PREGNANCY AND AFTER SURGICAL INTERFERENCE WITH THE UTERUS AND PLACENTA
Authors: Waynforth H. B. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
An increase in luteal volume was seen between Day 11 and 16 of pregnancy in the rat. In particular, a high rate of growth of the corpus luteum was found between the 11th and 12th day and it is suggested that this may be due to a »surge« of placental LTH at this time. A marked reduction in luteal volume, concomitant with an early return to oestrus, was observed after caesarian section on Day 12 of pregnancy. The maternal placenta, surgically separated from the foetal placenta, was unable to maintain either the dioestrous period of pregnancy or the growth of the corpus luteum. Neither decidualisation nor hysterectomy had any effect on luteal volume.
CHANGES IN PLASMA GROWTH HORMONE AND INSULIN OF THE HUMAN FOETUS FOLLOWING HYSTEROTOMY
Authors: Turner R. C. , Schneeloch B. , Paterson P. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Plasma immunoreactive insulin and growth hormone of 20–24 weeks' gestation human foetuses were assayed in serial samples following delivery by hysterotomy. The mean umbilical cord plasma growth hormone concentration was 71 ng/ml (range 13–120 ng/ml) and the mean plasma insulin was 5 μU/ml (range 2–8 μU/ml). Following delivery the growth hormone levels increased, but there was no significant change in plasma insulin concentration. The hypothalamic-hypophyseal axis controlling growth hormone secretion appears to be developed by 20 weeks' gestation, and »stress« appears to be a provocative stimulus.
STUDIES ON THE METABOLISM OF C19 STEROIDS IN THE FOETO-PLACENTAL UNIT
Authors: Benagiano G. , Ermini M. , de la Torre B. , Wiqvist N. , Diczfalusy E. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Three midgestation placentas were perfused at laparotomy during fifteen minutes with tracer amounts of [1,2-3H] testosterone [35S] sulphate sodium salt, and metabolites present in the placentas, perfusates and maternal urine specimens were analyzed.
Most of the radioactive material administered was present in the placentas and perfusates; approximately 2% of it was recovered from the urine. More than 99.5% of the radioactive material recovered from the placentas and the perfusates was in a water soluble (conjugated) form. No unconjugated testosterone was found in these sources.
Radiochemically homogeneous [1,2-3H] testosterone [35S] sulphate was isolated from the placentas, perfusates and urine specimens collected during the first 24 hours of experiment. The isotopic ratio of the conjugate isolated from these sources was very similar to that of the perfused material. Seventy per cent of the double labelled radioactive material recovered from the Day 1 urine samples was radiochemically homogeneous testosterone sulphate.
The relative amounts of testosterone sulphate present in the Day 2 and Day 3 urine specimens showed a gradual decrease. This decrease was associated with an increase in tritium to sulphur-35 ratio.
From the pooled extracts of all urine specimens, small amounts of exclusively tritium labelled conjugated 5α-androsterone and 5β-androsterone were also isolated. No 17β-oestradiol 17-sulphate was detected in any of the sources studied.
It is concluded that little, if any, testosterone sulphate is hydrolyzed by the midgestation human placenta, and that a considerable part of the testosterone sulphate secreted by the foetus is transferred across the placenta to the mother in an unchanged form. The major part of the transferred testosterone sulphate is excreted in the urine; a smaller part of it undergoes hydrolysis with a subsequent metabolism of the steroid moiety.
QUANTITATIVE ASSESSMENT OF THE DE NOVO STEROL AND STEROID SYNTHESIS IN THE HUMAN FOETO-PLACENTAL UNIT
Authors: Archer D. F. , Mathur R. S. , Wiqvist N. , Diczfalusy E. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The quantitative significance of the de novo synthesis of Δ5- and Δ4-steroids was assessed in the midgestation human foetus. Two midgestation foetuses and two complete foeto-placental units were perfused at 36°C for 120 minutes with 3.0 and 6.0 mCi of [14C] sodium acetate, respectively, and radiochemically homogeneous carbon-14 labelled steroids were isolated from the adrenals, livers and perfusates. Losses throughout the isolation procedure were monitored in all tissues of all experiments by the recovery of tritium labelled internal standards.
In the four experiments, a total of 18.0 mCi of [14C] sodium acetate was perfused and a total of 0.17 μCi of pregnenolone, 2.65 μCi of pregnenolone sulphate, 1.07 μCi of dehydroepiandrosterone and 8.64 μCi of dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate were isolated. A total of 12.53 μCi were isolated in the form of these four compounds; 10.13 μCi of this was present in the perfusates. In all, 0.07% of the administered [14C]-sodium acetate was converted to the four Δ5-steroids studied and 0.048% to dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate.
Progesterone was isolated from the perfusates and liver extracts, and 17α-hydroxy-progesterone, androstenedione and testosterone from the perfusates. In the four experiments, a total of 0.045 μCi of carbon-14 labelled Δ4-steroids were isolated, predominantly from the perfusates. In all, less than 0.0003% of the perfused [14C] sodium acetate was converted to Δ4-steroids. Thus, almost 300 times more Δ5- than Δ4-steroids were formed.
It is concluded that the extensive de novo steroidogenetic processes taking place in the midgestation human foetus lead to the predominant formation of Δ5-steroid sulphates.
EFFECTS OF CONTINUOUS DAILY ADMINISTRATION OF 0.03 mg OF d-NORGESTREL ON THE PLASMA LEVELS OF PROGESTERONE AND THE URINARY EXCRETION OF OESTROGENS
Authors: Larsson-Cohn U. , Johansson E. D. B. , Gemzell C. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Daily determinations of the plasma level of progesterone and the urinary excretion of oestrogens were performed in five subjects during one control cycle followed by three months of treatment with 0.03 mg of d-norgestrel.
The control cycles were ovulatory according to the parameters investigated, although one of the women showed a monophasic basal body temperature.
During treatment there was a tendency to a decrease of the oestrogen excretion. Three of the women showed one or several cycles with low progesterone levels. It is believed that this was due to a defective function of the corpus luteum.
It seems that the effect of the present drug on the corpus luteum activity was about equal to that of chlormadinone acetate 0.5 mg daily, while 0.3 and 0.5 mg of norethindrone depressed the function more markedly.
PHARMACOLOGICAL INHIBITION OF ADRENALINE SECRETION FOLLOWING INSULIN INDUCED HYPOGLYCAEMIA IN MAN: THE EFFECT OF CATAPRESAN®
Authors: Hedeland H. , Dymling J.-F. , Hökfelt B. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
In untreated subjects insulin induced hypoglycaemia was followed by a marked increase in urinary adrenaline excretion without any significant change in noradrenaline, thus confirming previous observations. This stimulating effect of hypoglycaemia on adrenaline production could be markedly inhibited by treatment with the antihypertensive agent Catapresan® (2-(2,6-dichlorphenylamine)-2-imidazoline hydrochloride). The basal urinary noradrenaline excretion was markedly suppressed under medication with Catapresan® and again there was no significant change in connection with hypoglycaemia.
Infusion studies demonstrated that Catapresan® did not influence the urinary recovery of adrenaline and noradrenaline. Thus, the diminished adrenaline excretion following Catapresan® represented a reduced secretion of the hormone. This inhibitory effect of Catapresan® might be due to an action of the compound on central nervous structures.
PITUITARY RESPONSE TO STRESS IN CUSHING'S DISEASE
Authors: von Werder K. , Smilo R. P. , Hane S. , Forsham P. H. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Plasma corticosteroids (11-OHCS) and serum immunoreactive growth hormone (IRGH) were measured in six normal subjects during an insulin tolerance test (ITT) and in four patients with normal endocrine function during the first hour of abdominal surgery. Three normal subjects were given a short dexamethasone suppression (1 mg every 6 h for five doses) followed by an ITT 2 h after the last dose. Three patients with normal endocrine function were treated identically, receiving the last dose 2 h before an operation. Five patients with bilateral adrenal hyperplasia (pituitary ACTH excess) had an ITT and were followed at surgery. During all ITTs the hypoglycaemia was adequate (blood glucose less than 40 mg/100 ml). All normal subjects responded adequately to the ITT (11-OHCS max: 26.8 ± 4.4 μg/100 ml, 2 sem; IRGH max: 35.6 ± 11.2 ng/ml), and surgery (11-OHCS max: 35.5 ± 1.7 μg/100 ml; IRGH max: 42.4 ± 12.4 ng/ml). The dexamethasone-suppressed subjects failed to show a rise in 11-OHCS during the ITT or at surgery, and the IRGH response was significantly lower compared with the non-suppressed subjects. All but one patient with Cushing's disease also failed to raise 11-OHCS levels during the ITT and at surgery; the rise in IRGH was blunted in both situations. The similarity in response to stress in (acutely) dexamethasone-suppressed normal subjects and those with Cushing's disease is striking. It suggests that feedback inhibition of increased ACTH secretion, rather than an intrinsic hypothalamic defect, may be the critical factor in the poor steroid response to a variety of stresses in Cushing's disease.
THE EFFECT OF METOPIRONE ON THE URINARY EXCRETION OF TESTOSTERONE AND EPITESTOSTERONE IN NORMAL MALES TREATED WITH HCG OR CYPROTERONE AND IN HIRSUTE FEMALES
Authors: Tamm J. , Voigt K. D. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The increased urinary excretion of testosterone and epitestosterone following the administration of HCG or Cyproterone to normal males was markedly reduced by simultaneous treatment with metopirone. In females with hirsutism of different origin the pathologically increased values of testosterone and epitestosterone in urine were also lowered considerably by 74 % and 86 %, respectively, after the administration of metopirone for a period of four days.
RADIOIMMUNOLOGICAL DETERMINATION OF PLASMA RENIN ACTIVITY DURING THE MENSTRUAL CYCLE AND DURING ACUTE PROGESTERONE ADMINISTRATION
Authors: Sundsfjord Johan A. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Antibodies to ileu5angiotensin I were produced in rabbits with the poly-l-lysine succinyl complex of angiotensin I. Iodine-125 was used for the labelling of angiotensin I. The tracer was purified on a G-15 Sephadex column.
For the determination of plasma renin activity plasma samples containing EDTA and BAL were incubated for two hours at 37°C. while a parallel sample was kept at 4°C to serve as a plasma blank. The angiotensin I content in 50 μl of plasma diluted 1:20 was quantitated directly, without prior extraction. For the immunoassay the samples and standards were incubated with 125I-angiotensin I (about 2500 cpm) and antiserum at a final dilution of 1:50 000–1:60 000 for 16–18 hours at 4°C. Dextran-coated charcoal was used for the separation of free and antibody-bound angiotensin I.
The antiserum did not bind angiotensin II. The lower limit of detection was 20 pg. An average recovery of added angiotensin I of 100.5 % ± 11 (sd) was obtained. In duplicate determinations a coefficient of variation of 6.9 % was found.
The method was used to measure renin activity during the menstrual cycle. In the follicular phase a range of 0.8–1.5, mean 1.14 ng ang.I/ml/h, was found, whereas the values in the luteal phase were 2.1–4.0, mean 3.06 ng ang.I/ml/h, respectively.
When 500 mg progesterone, divided into 5 doses over a period of 24 hours was given to menopausal women, an increase in renin activity was found. No increase in aldosterone excretion or in the K/Na ratio in the urine was observed during this period.
PLASMA RENIN ACTIVITY IN WILMS' TUMOUR
Authors: Voûte P. A. , van der Meer J. , Staugaard-Kloosterziel W. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Plasma renin activity (PRA) was measured by means of a radioimmunoassay for angiotensin I in 8 children with Wilms' tumour and in 12 normal children. Blood pressure in the patients was in the upper range of normal or just above.
Before nephrectomy PRA levels were significantly higher than in normal children and adults. Five patients were studied before and after operation. A significant fall in PRA was observed. In one case blood was taken from the renal vein of the affected kidney; a high PRA level was detected.
The results are in accordance with recent findings that Wilms' tumour may secrete increased amounts of renin.