bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The strength and difficulties questionnaire: Scale validation with Russian adolescents
Authors: Ruchkin Vladislav , Koposov Roman , Schwab‐Stone Mary 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe study aimed at confirming factor structure of the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) in a general population of Russian adolescents. The SDQ and other psychopathology measures were administered to a representative sample of 13–18‐year‐old adolescents from Arkhangelsk, Russia (N = 2892). The original factor structure was examined on two randomly selected split‐halves of the sample, using structural equation modeling techniques. The fit for all models was good, and when applying increasing constraints across the models, there was not a significant decrease in fit for the random split model. However, the factor loadings and, correspondingly, the scale reliabilities were low. The study concluded that although the Russian SDQ scales do conform reasonably well to a five‐factor oblique model, the scales are unsatisfactory in other respects; in its present form, the Russian version of the instrument has inadequate psychometric characteristics. Future research is needed for further scale development. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 63: 861–869, 2007.
Effectiveness of an integrated, trauma‐informed approach to treating women with co‐occurring disorders and histories of trauma: The Los Angeles site experience
Authors: Gatz Margaret , Brown Vivian , Hennigan Karen , Rechberger Elke , O'Keefe Maura , Rose Tara , Bjelajac Paula 
Published: August 2007

AbstractEffectiveness of an integrated trauma‐informed approach to treating women with co‐occurring disorders and histories of trauma was evaluated. Baseline and 12‐month assessments were completed by 136 intervention‐ and 177 comparison‐group women. The intervention group received Seeking Safety, a trauma‐specific group treatment focusing on safety and coping skills, in the context of integrated substance abuse and mental health services. The comparison group received similar services but not trauma‐specific group treatment. Intervention women showed significantly better treatment retention over three months and greater improvement on posttraumatic stress symptoms and coping skills. On most outcomes, those who completed treatment improved more than those who discontinued. Improvements on symptoms of distress and drug problem severity were partially mediated by gains in coping skills. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comm Psychol 35: 863–878, 2007.
Experimental evaluation of executive skills in an EU country
Authors: Litos Charalambos I. , Moustakis Vassilis S. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractCorporate executives constitute the highest echelon of the managerial hierarchy, responsible for implementing the strategic plans and policies established by the board of directors on an operational basis. Often the inquiry about executive skills evolves around the search for managerial skills. Executive skills form a distinct category of skills; however, they are often conceived as a set of managerial skills. This article presents the results of an extended survey concerning executive skills based in empirical measurements among executives in Greece. International literature suggests a wide range of executive skills. Based on this, a list of 42 skills, divided into six categories, was created. This list was evaluated by 110 executives of the larger corporations in Greece. Using a structured assessment methodology, skills and categories were assessed and validated. Then, factor analysis was applied to these results and a set of 11 executive skills synthesized from this work. Findings are discussed and compared with those of other surveys, and topics for further research are set out.
Functional morphology of the sonic apparatus in the fawn cusk‐eel Lepophidium profundorum (Gill, 1863)
Authors: Fine Michael L. , Lin Hsung , Nguyen Brian B. , Rountree Rodney A. , Cameron Timothy M. , Parmentier Eric 
Published: August 2007

AbstractRecent reports of high frequency sound production by cusk‐eels cannot be explained adequately by known mechanisms, i.e., a forced response driven by fast sonic muscles on the swimbladder. Time to complete a contraction‐relaxation cycle places a ceiling on frequency and is unlikely to explain sounds with dominant frequencies above 1 kHz. We investigated sonic morphology in the fawn cusk‐eel Lepophidium profundorum to determine morphology potentially associated with high frequency sound production and quantified development and sexual dimorphism of sonic structures. Unlike other sonic systems in fishes in which muscle relaxation is caused by internal pressure or swimbladder elasticity, this system utilizes antagonistic pairs of muscles: ventral and intermediate muscles pull the winglike process and swimbladder forward and pivot the neural arch (neural rocker) above the first vertebra backward. This action stretches a fenestra in the swimbladder wall and imparts strain energy to epineural ribs, tendons and ligaments connected to the anterior swimbladder. Relatively short antagonistic dorsal and dorsomedial muscles pull on the neural rocker, releasing strain energy, and use a lever advantage to restore the winglike process and swimbladder to their resting position. Sonic components grow isometrically and are typically larger in males although the tiny intermediate muscles are larger in females. Although external morphology is relatively conservative in ophidiids, sonic morphology is extremely variable within the family. J. Morphol., 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
HPLC for stress‐free screening of potential prostate cancer marker catechol estrogens in urine using a diamond‐electrode electrochemical and a fluorescence detector
Authors: Katayama Masatoki , Takamatsu Kiyoshi , Kaneko Satoru , Miyaji Keisuke , Ishikawa Hiromichi , Matsuda Yoshifumi 
Published: August 2007

AbstractImprovement of the sensitivity and specificity of a simultaneous stress‐free screening method for catechol estrogens as a potential prostate cancer marker in urine has been accomplished by HPLC with a diamond‐electrode electrochemical detector and a fluorescence detector. Since taking urine samples generates less stress (or pain) than the drawing of blood, the method can readily be applied to almost any patient, and will also assist in improving the sensitivity and specificity of the prostatic specific antigen test. Catechol estrogens (2‐hydroxyestrone, 4‐hydroxyestrone, 2‐methoxyestrone, 2‐hydroxyestradiol, 4‐hydroxyestradiol, 2‐methoxyestradiol, and 2‐hydroxyestriol) and estrogens (estrone, estradiol, estriol) were separated on an Inertsil ODS‐II column with acetonitrile–potassium dihydrogen phosphate (pH 3.0). The diamond‐electrode electrochemical detector used had the great advantage of being a maintenance‐free system, and could sequentially analyze hundreds of samples. Fluorescence detection improved the sensitivity 10–500 times (e. g., the LOD of 2‐hydroxyestriol was improved 250 times) compared to previous electrochemical detection reports, and dual detection improved peak identification in the urine samples. The proposed method was applied to the simultaneous determination of catechol estrogens in spiked urine in a preliminary study on estrogens and PSA values in biopsy and prostate cancer patients.
Rapid and reliable detection of exon rearrangements in various movement disorders genes by multiplex ligation‐dependent probe amplification
Authors: Djarmati Ana , Gužvić Miodrag , Grünewald Anne , Lang Anthony E. , Pramstaller Peter P. , Simon David K. , Kaindl Angela M. , Vieregge Peter , Nygren Anders O. H. , Beetz Christian , Hedrich Katja , Klein Christine 
Published: August 2007

AbstractBecause of the occurrence of different types of mutations, comprehensive genetic testing for Parkinson's disease (PD), dopa‐responsive dystonia (DRD), and myoclonus‐dystonia (M‐D) should include screening for small sequence changes and for large exonic rearrangements in disease‐associated genes. In diagnostic and research settings, the latter is frequently omitted or performed by laborious and expensive quantitative real‐time PCR (qPCR). Our study aimed to evaluate the utility of a novel method, multiplex ligation‐dependent probe amplification (MLPA), in molecular diagnostics of movement disorders. We have analyzed, by MLPA, genomic DNA from 21 patients affected with PD, DRD, or M‐D, in which the presence of exon rearrangement(s) (n = 20) or of a specific point mutation (detectable by MLPA, n = 1) had been established previously by qPCR or sequencing. In parallel, we have studied, in a blinded fashion, DNA from 49 patients with an unknown mutational status. Exon rearrangements were evident in 20 samples with previously established mutations; in the 21st sample the known specific point mutation was detected. We conclude that MLPA represents a reliable method for large‐scale and cost‐effective gene dosage screening of various movement disorders genes. This finding reaches far beyond a simple technical advancement and has two major implications: (1) By improving the availability of comprehensive genetic testing, it supports clinicians in the establishment of a genetically defined diagnosis; (2) By enabling gene dosage testing of several genes simultaneously, it significantly facilitates the mutational analysis of large patient and control populations and thereby constitutes the prerequisite for meaningful phenotype–genotype correlations. © 2007 Movement Disorder Society
Adaptive backward difference formula–Discontinuous Galerkin finite element method for the solution of conservation laws
Authors: Dolejší V. , Kůs P. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractWe deal with the numerical solution of the system of conservation laws. Although this approach has been proposed for a simulation of inviscid compressible flow, it can be straightforwardly applied to more general problems. We carried out the space semi‐discretization by the discontinuous Galerkin finite element (DGFE) method, which is based on a piecewise polynomial discontinuous approximation. The resulting system of ordinary differential equations is discretized by the backward difference formula (BDF). A suitable linearization of the physical fluxes leads to a scheme that is practically unconditionally stable and has a higher order of accuracy with respect to the space and time coordinates and we solve a linear algebraic system at each time level. Moreover, we develop an adaptive technique for a choice of the length of the time step that is based on the use of two BDFs of the same order of accuracy. We call the resulting scheme the ABDF–DGFE (adaptive BDF–DGFE)
method. Finally, the efficiency of the presented adaptive strategy is documented by a set of numerical examples. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Application of essential work of fracture concept to toughness characterization of high‐density polyethylene
Authors: Kwon H.J. , Jar P.‐Y.B. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractDeformation and fracture toughness of high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) in plane‐stress tension was studied using the concept of essential work of fracture (EWF). Strain range for necking was determined from uniaxial tensile test, and was used to explain the deformation transition for 2‐staged crack growth in double‐edge‐notched tensile test. Through work‐partitioning, EWF values for HDPE were determined for each stage of the crack growth. Appropriateness of these EWF values to represent the material toughness is discussed. The study concludes that the EWF values for ductile polymers like HDPE may not be constant, but vary with the deformation behaviour involved in the crack growth process. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 47:1327–1337, 2007. © 2007 Society of Plastics Engineers
Evaluation of the fracture behavior of multilayered polypropylene sheets obtained by coextrusion
Authors: Gámez‐Pérez Jose , Santana Orlando O. , Gordillo Antonio , Maspoch Maria L. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe mechanical and fracture behavior of multilayered sheets (up to three layers) is presented. The sheets were processed by plane coextrusion‐calendering using two polypropylene‐based materials, isotactic polypropylene homopolymer (H0), and an ethylene–propylene block copolymer (C1) with 5.5% ethylene content in weight. Combining these materials five different sheets were produced, (H0, C1, H0–C1, H0–C1–H0, and C1–H0–C1), with an overall thickness of 0.5 mm. The processing variables (temperature, extrusion rate, calendering speed, etc.) were set constant among the different structures to facilitate the evaluation of the results. The structure of the sheets was characterized with wide angle X‐ray scattering (WAXS). The mechanical behavior was determined from dumbbell tensile specimens in the melt flow (MD) and transverse to the melt flow (TD) directions. The fracture parameters were determined by the essential work of fracture (EWF) technique in mode I in both MD and TD directions. The results show variations on the induced orientation of the sheets, with remarkable differences on the fracture properties. The poor fracture resistance of the homopolymer (H0) film in TD is improved through coextrusion with C1, obtaining the best results for toughness in the case of the three‐layered sheets. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 47:1365–1372, 2007. © 2007 Society of Plastics Engineers
Rotational molding cycle time reduction through surface enhanced molds: Part A—Theoretical study
Authors: Abdullah M.Z. , Bickerton S. , Bhattacharyya D. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractRotational molding has been regarded as a plastic molding method with great potential. The process offers virtually stress‐free products having no weld lines or material wastage, and utilizes relatively inexpensive molds. Yet its widespread growth is hindered due to long production cycle times, which are limited by the time required to heat up and cool down the mold and the product. To address this issue, efforts have been made to enhance heat transfer to and from molds, ultimately reducing cycle times. The application of extended and rough surfaces to molds is investigated here. The aim of this study is to predict reductions in cycle time due to the enhancement of mold surfaces (i.e. roughness‐enhanced and pin‐enhanced molds). By utilizing a combination of heat transfer correlations, numerical analysis, and an existing rotational molding process simulation, cycle time predictions were made. The average predicted cycle time reductions were ∼21 and 32% for the roughness‐enhanced and pin‐enhanced molds considered, under a variety of conditions. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 47:1406–1419, 2007. © 2007 Society of Plastics Engineers
Structure and properties of injection‐molded polypropylene with sorbitol‐based clarifier
Authors: Tenma Miwa , Yamaguchi Masayuki 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe relationship between the structure and the optical properties of isotactic polypropylene (PP) containing 1,3:2,4‐di‐p‐methylbenzylidene sorbitol (MDBS) has been studied. It is found that thinner injection‐molded plaques of PP/MDBS show higher levels of transparency than compression‐molded plaques. The enhanced molecular orientation in the skin layer is responsible for the depression of light scattering because of polarizability fluctuation, i.e., orientation fluctuation in the crystalline phase, because the size of the fluctuation becomes larger than the wavelength of visible light. Further, the crowded network structure of the MDBS fibers generated in molten PP prohibits spherulite formation and, as a result, depresses the spatial size of polarizability fluctuation in the core, which is smaller than the wavelength of visible light. Consequently, light scattering from the core layer is also reduced. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 47:1441–1446, 2007. © 2007 Society of Plastics Engineers
Influence of UV absorber on photodegradation processes of poly(vinyl chloride) with different average degrees of polymerization
Authors: Shi Wei , Zhang Jun , Shi Xu‐Ming , Jiang Guo‐Dong 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe influence of UV absorber (Chimassorb81) on the photodegradation mechanism of different average degrees of polymerization (DP) of poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC) with UV‐irradiation time was investigated by viscosity‐average molecular weight determination, UV‐vis spectroscopy, FTIR, contact angle measurement, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The PVC films with different DP (1000 and 3000), which contained 0.3 or 0.5 phr Chimassorb81, were prepared by solution casting. It was carried out by exposing specimens to xenon‐arc light source with a spectral irradiance of 0.68 W/(m2 nm) at 63°C. It is found that the Chimassorb81 is efficient photostabilizer for PVC with different DP. Although the Chimassorb81 delays the photodegradation of PVC, it does not influence the photodegradation mechanisms of PVC with different DP. The main photodegradation reaction for the lower DP of PVC is dehydrochlorination in the initial stage of UV‐irradiation, and then the crosslinking and chain scission reactions occurred after long irradiation. However, the main reaction of the higher DP of PVC is not dehydrochlorination but crosslinking and chain scission in the initial stage of UV‐irradiation. The results of carbonyl index, CCl index, contact angle measurement, and SEM also show that the photostability of Chimassorb81 is more effective for the higher DP of PVC, especially in the presence of higher concentration of Chimassorb81. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 47:1480–1490, 2007. © 2007 Society of Plastics Engineers
Intramolecular general base catalysis exerted by the carboxilate group in the spontaneous dehydration of the carbinolamine formed from benzoylformic anion and hydroxylamine at early values of pH
Authors: Calzadilla M. , Malpica A. , Mejias I. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractData obtained from the reaction of oxime formation from benzoylformic anion lead to the suggestion that the spontaneous dehydration observed after pH ∼ 5.0, proceeds through a transition state in which an intramolecular general base catalysis is exerted by the carboxylate group. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the residual stress developed in the nanostructure of computer simulated thin films
Authors: Jalali‐Jafari Behdad , Savaloni Hadi , Gholipour‐Shahraki Mehran 
Published: August 2007

AbstractA 1 + 1 dimensional computer simulation model based on aggregation of hard disks is used to investigate the relationship between the nanostructure of simulated thin metallic (e.g., Ni) films on the (111) face of fcc or the (100) face of hcp substrates under different deposition conditions and the stress developed in these films. The intrinsic mechanical stress in these films, while remaining almost constant up to a certain substrate temperature, passes a tensile stress maximum, which depends on the deposition rate, and decreases towards zero with increasing substrate temperature, owing to an increased diffusion process. By increasing the deposition angle, the microstructure of film changes from a dense film with few voids, to a microstructure with (somewhat densely packed) columns/bundles inclined towards the incidence atoms with elongated voids. The latter decreases the tensile stress, while the former increases the compressive stress, resulting in total compressive stress, particularly at deposition angles above 60°. The results are compared with the experiments performed on Ni/glass films that were produced under UHV condition and with different deposition parameters. The nanostrain in the latter films were obtained using the Warren–Averbach method for X‐ray diffraction line‐broadening analysis. A qualitatively good agreement between simulation and experimental results is obtained. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Kinetic Monte Carlo simulations of amorphous thin‐film growth
Authors: Elsholz F. , Schöll E. , Rosenfeld A. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractAmorphous SiO2 and Nb2O5 thin‐film growth simulations are performed on the basis of a solid‐on‐solid model considering fluctuating effective atom binding energies. We show that by assuming laterally correlated random energy fluctuations, one can obtain effective growth exponents and overall film roughness in agreement with experimental results. The solid‐on‐solid model is solved by event‐based kinetic Monte Carlo simulations and the obtained results are compared to atomic force microscopy data. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Geometry optimization method based on approximate spin projection and its application to F2, CH2, CH2OO, and active site of urease
Authors: Kitagawa Yasutaka , Saito Toru , Ito Masahide , Nakanishi Yasuyuki , Shoji Mitsuo , Koizumi Kenichi , Yamanaka Shusuke , Kawakami Takashi , Okumura Mitsutaka , Yamaguchi Kizashi 
Published: August 2007

AbstractA new geometry optimization method based on an approximate spin projection (AP) procedure is proposed to eliminate a spin contamination effect in an optimized structure on a low spin (LS) state of a broken symmetry (BS) method. First, an energy gradient with the AP (AP gradient) is derived and it is applied to the geometry optimization of F2, CH2, and CH2OO in order to obtain their structures without the spin contamination. The optimization method corrects HCH angle of the CH2 about 10° in comparison with the BS method, and indicates that the spin contamination in optimized geometry of the BS LS states is considerably large. Next, an active site of Urease that consists of two Ni(II) ions is optimized by the AP method. The result indicates that structure of the active site is sensitive to a water molecule called W3. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2007
Hybrid density functional study of ligand coordination effects on the magnetic couplings and the dioxygen binding of the models of hemocyanin
Authors: Takano Yu , Yamaguchi Kizashi 
Published: August 2007

AbstractLigand coordination effects on the magnetic interaction and the reversible dioxygen binding process for the models of hemocyanin have been investigated with hybrid density functional theory. Hemocyanin is an oxygen transport protein found in mollusks and arthropods. The active site of hemocyanin contains a pair of copper atoms, each of which is coordinated by three histidine residues. We utilized NH3 (a), methylimidazole (b), and histidine (c) as the ligands of the models of hemocyanin, which coordinate to the binuclear copper core in the active site of oxygenated (1z) (z = a–c) and deoxygenated hemocyanin (2z). The difference of the ligand coordination in the magnetic couplings for the model of hemocyanin 1z complexed with peroxide (1z‐O) shows that the substitution from histidine to methylimidazole group is not serious, but that the substitution from imidazole to NH3 is influential. In the dioxygen binding process, the ligands influence the binding energy and the shapes of potential energy surfaces of the models of hemocyanin 1z and 2z with dioxygen due to the strength of the mixing between the ground state and the charge transfer one. The active dxy ± dxy orbitals of the copper core of 1b and 1c strongly interact with π and π orbitals of the dioxygen than those of 1a, leading to the larger binding energy of the model 1b (1c) with dioxygen. The orbital energies of the active orbitals for the synthetic model, [Cu(HB(3,5‐iPr2‐Pz)3)]2 (HB(3,5‐iPr2‐Pz)3 = hydrotris{3,5‐diisopropyl‐pyrazolyl}borate), imply that it irreversibly binds dioxygen because HB(3,5‐iPr2‐Pz)3 groups show stronger electron‐release character and raise the orbital energies nearer that to π* orbitals of O2. The effective bond‐order, localized electron density, and information entropy for 1z with dioxygen were calculated in terms of occupation numbers of the natural orbitals of the broken‐symmetry UB2LYP solution in order to elucidate the nature of the Cu2O2 bonding. These chemical indices indicate that the copper–oxygen bonds in Hc exhibit an intermediate covalent‐bonding character (half bonding), which is the origin of an active control of oxygen transport: addition and dissociation of O2 in hemocyanin by the conformational changes. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2007