bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Laparoscopic cholecystectomy accompanied by simultaneous umbilical hernia repair
Authors: Kamer E , Unalp HR , Derici H , Tansug T , Onal MA 
Published: February 2009

Background:
Umbilical defects may cause technical problems for general surgeons in patients during laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) operations and may increase the incidence of incisional hernia.

Aim:
The objectives of this study were to determine the optimal repair method for umbilical hernias that already exist or are encountered incidentally and to present data regarding potential problems that may occur during LC.

Settings and Design:
Medical records of patients who had received simultaneous umbilical hernia repair (UHR) with LC were investigated retrospectively.

Materials and Methods:
Cholelithiasis was accompanied by umbilical hernia in 64 (8.6%) out of 745 patients who underwent LC and UHR simultaneously in our hospital between 2000 and 2004.

Statistical Analysis Used:
The Mann-Whitney U, Chi-square, One-Way Anova, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, the log-rank test and t test were used for statistical analyses.

Results:
LC was followed by UHR using primary suture (Group 1), Mayo repair (Group 2) and flat mesh-based repair (Group 3) in 32 (50%), 18 (28.1%) and 14 (21.9%) patients, respectively. Mean body mass indexes (BMI) of patients were 26.6 kg/m2, 29.2 kg/m2 and 39.9 kg/m2 in Groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Recurrence rates were 9.4%, 5.6% and none (0%) in Groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Recurrence was observed in three (7.0%) out of 43(67.2%) patients with BMI≥30 kg/m2 while umbilical hernia recurred in one (4.8%) out of 21 (32.8%) patients with BMI<30 kg/m2. Overall morbidity and mortality rates were 14.1% and 0%, respectively.

Conclusions:
The outcomes of the UHR with mesh after laparoscopic surgeries appear to be better for either obese or non-obese patients than primary suture techniques in recurrence rates.
The oxidative hypothesis of senescence
Authors: Gilca M , Stoian I , Atanasiu V , Virgolici B 
Published: February 2009

The oxidative hypothesis of senescence, since its origin in 1956, has garnered significant evidence and growing support among scientists for the notion that free radicals play an important role in ageing, either as "damaging" molecules or as signaling molecules. Age-increasing oxidative injuries induced by free radicals, higher susceptibility to oxidative stress in short-lived organisms, genetic manipulations that alter both oxidative resistance and longevity and the anti-ageing effect of caloric restriction and intermittent fasting are a few examples of accepted scientific facts that support the oxidative theory of senescence. Though not completely understood due to the complex "network" of redox regulatory systems, the implication of oxidative stress in the ageing process is now well documented. Moreover, it is compatible with other current ageing theories (e.g., those implicating the mitochondrial damage/mitochondrial-lysosomal axis, stress-induced premature senescence, biological "garbage" accumulation, etc).
This review is intended to summarize and critically discuss the redox mechanisms involved during the ageing process: sources of oxidant agents in ageing (mitochondrial -electron transport chain, nitric oxide synthase reaction- and non-mitochondrial- Fenton reaction, microsomal cytochrome P450 enzymes, peroxisomal β -oxidation and respiratory burst of phagocytic cells), antioxidant changes in ageing (enzymatic- superoxide dismutase, glutathione-reductase, glutathion peroxidase, catalase- and non-enzymatic glutathione, ascorbate, urate, bilirubine, melatonin, tocopherols, carotenoids, ubiquinol), alteration of oxidative damage repairing mechanisms and the role of free radicals as signaling molecules in ageing.
A prospective randomized comparative study of the effects of intranasal and transdermal 17 β-estradiol on postmenopausal symptoms and vaginal cytology
Authors: Odabasi AR , Yuksel H , Demircan SS , Kacar DF , Culhaci N , Ozkara E E 
Published: February 2009

Context:
Investigating the adverse effects of oral hormone replacement therapy (HRT), the clinical effectiveness of alternative combinations and route of administrations.

Aim:
To compare the effects of intranasal and transdermal 17β-estradiol combined with vaginal progesterone on vasomotor symptoms and vaginal cytology.

Settings and Design:
A 12-week, prospective, randomized comparative study was conducted between July 2005 and September 2006.

Materials and Methods:
Eighty postmenopausal women aged between 42-57 years, who had scores of ≥1.7 on the menopause rating scale-I (MRS-I) items "1-6", were randomly assigned to receive intranasal (300 µg/day, n =40) or transdermal (50 µg/day, n =40) 17β-estradiol continuously. All patients also received a vaginal progesterone gel twice weekly. Vasomotor symptoms were evaluated at weeks 0, 4, 8 and 12. Vaginal maturation index (VMI) was evaluated at weeks 0 and 12 of the study.

Statistical Analyses:
The Mann-Whitney U and the Wilcoxon tests were used. P <0.05 was regarded as significant.

Results:
Thirty-two women in the intranasal and 29 women in the transdermal group completed the study. The total score of the MRS, the sum-scores of Factor 1 "HOT FLUSHES" and Factor 2 "PSYCHE" significantly decreased in both groups at week 4. Factor 3 "ATROPHY" scores significantly decreased only in the transdermal group at week 12. The VMI showed no changes within and between the two groups at the end of the study.

Conclusion:
Intranasal and transdermal 17β-estradiol combined with vaginal progesterone gel as a continuous HRT caused a similar decrease in vasomotor symptoms but did not have any significant effect on VMI after 12 weeks of treatment in this study population.
Retrospective study of severe cases of leptospirosis admitted in the intensive care unit
Authors: Ittyachen AM , Krishnapillai TV , Nair MC , Rajan AR 
Published: February 2009

Objectives:
Evaluate patient demographics, risk factors, complications, seropositivity, treatment and outcome among leptospirosis patients.

Design:
Retrospective analysis of 104 patients admitted in the intensive care unit (ICU) with a clinical suspicion of leptopirosis.

Setting:
Ten-bedded medical ICU in a medical school situated in a rural area endemic for leptospirosis.

Main Outcome Measures:
Seropositivity for leptospirosis, patient demographics, risk factors, complications, treatment and survival.

Results:
One hundred and four patients were admitted with a clinical suspicion of leptospirosis. Fifty-three (50.7%) were serologically confirmed cases. Males dominated both groups. Most of the admissions were in the monsoon season. Exposure to moist soil was the main risk factor. The mortality in the seronegative group was 26.8% while it was only 3.8% in the seropositive group. Multi-organ dysfunction syndrome, primarily acute respiratory distress syndrome with thromboctyopenia and renal failure were the causes for mortality. All the patients who died presented late into the illness.

Conclusions:
The initial diagnosis of leptospirosis depends on a high index of clinical suspicion, routinely available diagnostic tests being unreliable in the initial period. A reliable, unsophisticated test should be developed for early detection of this disease. As leptospirosis in its early stage mimics other tropical infections, both medical professionals and the general public (especially with risk of occupational exposure) should be educated about the disease and the need to seek early medical intervention.
Regional brain metabolism in schizophrenia
Authors: Seethalakshmi R , Parkar SR , Nair N , Batra SA , Pandit AG , Adarkar SA , Baghel NS , Moghe S H 
Published: February 2009

Background:
Schizophrenia has been associated with a plethora of metabolic changes in the brain that vary with duration and type of psychoses. Additionally, it has been observed that antipsychotics can further alter cerebral glucose metabolism. These changes resulting from antipsychotics have been postulated to be reflective of the duration and mechanism of action of the medication.

Aims:
We aimed to examine the influence of antipsychotics on brain metabolism in individuals with schizophrenia in a naturalistic setting.

Settings and Design:
A cross-sectional study was carried out by the psychiatry department of a tertiary care hospital in collaboration with the Radiation Medicine Centre.

Materials and Methods:
Eighteen male patients with schizophrenia in different phases of treatment underwent an 18F-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography scan in a resting state 12 hours after the last dose of antipsychotic.

Statistical Analysis:
The types and duration of treatment were then compared with the regional glucose uptake in 14 predetermined regions of interest. The relative Uptake Values were further compared using SPSS 11.0.

Results:
An immediate increase followed by a decrease in cortical uptake was noted while the basal ganglia uptake remained high, albeit with a decreasing trend. Typical antipsychotics were associated with lower frontal cortical and higher basal ganglia and cerebellar uptake as compared to atypical antipsychotics.

Conclusion:
The differential influence of the type and duration of antipsychotic on glucose uptake suggests a possible trend towards long-term side effects with typical medications that were not noted on clinical examination. This however needs to be confirmed with larger, controlled studies.
Near‐stoichiometric O2 binding on metal centers in Co(salen) nanoparticles
Authors: Johnson Chad , Ottiger Stefan , Pini Ronny , Gorman Eric M. , Nguyen Joseph G. , Munson Eric J. , Mazzotti Marco , Borovik A. S. , Subramaniam Bala 
Published: February 2009

AbstractCo(salen) [cobaltous bis(salicylaldehyde)ethylenediamine] complexes are well‐known O2 carriers in solution. In the solid phase, these complexes exhibit some O2 binding but detailed studies have been complicated because few of the known polymorphs of Co(salen) actually bind O2. The O2 binding results for nanoparticulate Co(salen) are presented in this study. Rod‐shaped Co(salen) nanoparticles, roughly 100 nm in diameter, were recrystallized by spraying a methylene chloride solution of commercially obtained Co(salen) into supercritical carbon dioxide. Temperature‐programmed desorption, thermogravimetric analysis, and a Rubotherm magnetic suspension balance measurements reveal a reversible O2 uptake of ∼1.51 mmol/(g nanoparticles) at 25°C, consistent with a binding stoichiometry involving a bridging peroxo unit between two Co centers. In contrast, no measurable O2 uptake was observed with the commercial Co(salen). These results clearly show the potential for bottom‐up design of nanoparticulate metal complexes for enhanced O2 storage and other applications. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009
2q31.2q32.3 deletion syndrome: Report of an adult patient
Authors: Prontera Paolo , Bernardini Laura , Stangoni Gabriela , Capalbo Anna , Rogaia Daniela , Ardisia Carmela , Novelli Antonio , Dallapiccola Bruno , Donti Emilio 
Published: February 2009

AbstractA 36‐year‐old patient with a disorder characterized by severe mental retardation, behavioral problems, dysmorphic face, “muscular build,” and hand/foot anomalies, is reported. Following a diagnosis of de novo pericentric inversion of chromosome 8 based on standard cytogenetic analysis, a subsequent 75 kb array‐CGH investigation disclosed a deletion spanning for about 13.7 Mb in the 2q31.2q32.3 region. Whole painting of chromosome 8 established the intrachromosomal nature of the rearrangement and FISH analysis with locus‐specific probes confirmed the deletion on the long arm of chromosome 2. The deleted region, clinical outcome, and medical history in this patient are mainly superimposable to those reported in a published 8‐year‐old boy, suggesting that this genomic segment is prone to rearrangements and its hemizygosity gives rise to a clinically recognizable syndrome. The role of some genes mapping in the deleted region and related with distinct disorders is discussed. Interestingly, deletion of MSTN gene, a negative regulator of muscle growth, was associated in our patient with a “muscular build,” a feature which could be regarded as a handle for clinical recognition of this syndrome. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
HDR syndrome: A novel “de novo” mutation in GATA3 gene
Authors: Ferraris Silvio , Del monaco Angelo Giovanni , Garelli Emanuela , Carando Adriana , De Vito Barbara , Pappi Patrizia , Lala Roberto , Ponzone Alberto 
Published: February 2009

AbstractHuman GATA3 haploinsufficiency leads to HDR (hypoparathyroidism, deafness, and renal dysplasia) syndrome. The development of a specific subset of organs in which this transcription factor is expressed appears exquisitely sensitive to gene dosage. We report on a 14‐year‐old patient with symptomatic hypoparathyroidism, sensorineural bilateral deafness, unilateral renal dysplasia, bilateral palpebral ptosis, and horizontal nystagmus. Fundoscopy displayed symmetrical pseudopapilledema, and brain CT scan revealed basal ganglia calcifications. FISH analysis did not disclose any microdeletion in the 22q11.2 or 10p14 regions. GATA3 mutation analysis identified a heterozygous deletion of GG nucleotides at codon 36 and 37 (c.108_109delGG) in exon 2 causing a frameshift with a premature stop codon after a new 15‐aminoacid sequence. Restriction endonuclease analysis performed in parents was negative. Our patient carries a novel “de novo” GATA3 mutation, providing further evidence that HDR syndrome is caused by haploinsufficiency of GATA3, which may be responsible for a complex neurologic picture besides the known triad. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An Efficient Strategy to Drive Nanoparticles into Carbon Nanotubes and the Remarkable Effect of Confinement on Their Catalytic Performance
Authors: Castillejos Eva , Debouttière Pierre‐Jean , Roiban Lucian , Solhy Abderrahim , Martinez Victor , Kihn Yolande , Ersen Ovidiu , Philippot Karine , Chaudret Bruno , Serp Philippe 
Published: February 2009

AbstractDrinnen oder draußen? PtRu‐Dimetallnanopartikel wurden selektiv in Kohlenstoffnanoröhren eingeschlossen oder auf ihrer äußeren Oberfläche abgeschieden (siehe Bild). Die eingeschlossenen Nanopartikel sind wesentlich selektivere und aktivere Hydrierungskatalysatoren.magnified image
[2,6‐(Trip)2H3C6](Cp*)Si, eine stabile monomere Arylsilicium(II)‐ Verbindung
Authors: Jutzi Peter , Leszczyńska Kinga , Neumann Beate , Schoeller Wolfgang W. , Stammler Hans‐Georg 
Published: February 2009

AbstractAls „Lagerform“ eines echten Silylens mit σ‐gebundener Cp*‐Gruppe lässt sich 1, die erste arylsubstituierte monomere Silicium(II)‐Verbindung, betrachten, deren Synthese und vollständige Charakterisierung ein sperriger σ‐gebundener Terphenylsubstituent und ein π‐gebundener Cp*‐Ligand ermöglichten. Die Konformation der Arylgruppe verhindert eine Aryl‐Si‐π‐Rückbindung.magnified image
First Higher‐Order Photocycloaddition to a CN Bond: 1,3‐Diazepines from Maleimides
Authors: Cubbage Kara L. , Orr‐Ewing Andrew J. , Booker‐Milburn Kevin I. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractLicht ist entscheidend für die Spaltung einer C‐N‐Bindung in einem Maleimid, die eine photochemische [5+2]‐Cycloaddition mit einer sterisch befrachteten CN‐Einheit auslöst (siehe Schema).magnified image
Total Synthesis and Determination of the Absolute Configuration of (+)‐Omaezakianol
Authors: Morimoto Yoshiki , Okita Tatsuya , Kambara Hitomi 
Published: February 2009

AbstractSynthese als Beweis: Die erste asymmetrische Totalsynthese des marinen tetracyclischen Oxasqualenoids (+)‐Omaezakianol umfasst eine konvergente Olefin‐Kreuzmetathese zwischen einem Monotetrahydrofuran‐Fragment und einem Triepoxyalken sowie eine Oxacyclisierungskaskade eines Triepoxyalkohols zum Aufbau von drei Etherringen. Die Totalsynthese bestätigte die abgebildete absolute Konfiguration von (+)‐Omaezakianol.magnified image
Eine Familie mit komplexiertem Triphosphaallyl‐Radikal, ‐Kation und ‐Anion
Authors: Scheer Manfred , Kuntz Christian , Stubenhofer Markus , Linseis Michael , Winter Rainer F. , Sierka Marek 
Published: February 2009

AbstractRadikal für Redoxstudien: Die Photolyse von [Cp*P{W(CO)5}2] mit einem Diphosphen verläuft über ein radikalisches Intermediat und liefert ein luftstabiles komplexiertes Triphosphaallylradikal, in dem das ungepaarte Elektron gleichmäßig über beide terminale P‐Atome verteilt ist. Die Oxidation des Radikals führt zu dem lediglich bei tiefen Temperaturen in Lösung stabilen Triphosphaallylkation, während bei der Reduktion das stabile Triphosphaallylanion gebildet wird. Mes*=2,4,6‐Tri‐tert‐butylphenyl.magnified image
Nano‐ und Mikrofabrikation von Zinkoxid aus Koordinationspolymertemplaten
Authors: Liu Xiaogang 
Published: February 2009

AbstractWie eine Sechskantmutter: Ein Syntheseverfahren, das auf metall‐organischen Koordinationspolymertemplaten beruht, wurde zur Herstellung von Mikro‐ und Nanokristallen eingesetzt. Mithilfe vielfältiger molekularer Synthesebausteine lassen sich unter Verwendung konventioneller Syntheseverfahren ZnO‐Kristalle mit maßgeschneiderten Größen, Formen (z. B. als hexagonale Ringe; siehe Bild) und Oberflächeneigenschaften synthetisieren.magnified image
An Efficient Strategy to Drive Nanoparticles into Carbon Nanotubes and the Remarkable Effect of Confinement on Their Catalytic Performance
Authors: Castillejos Eva , Debouttière Pierre‐Jean , Roiban Lucian , Solhy Abderrahim , Martinez Victor , Kihn Yolande , Ersen Ovidiu , Philippot Karine , Chaudret Bruno , Serp Philippe 
Published: February 2009

AbstractAre you in? Bimetallic PtRu nanoparticles have been selectively confined inside or deposited outside carbon nanotubes (see picture). The confined nanoparticles display significantly higher selectivity and catalytic activity in hydrogenation reactions.magnified image
First Higher‐Order Photocycloaddition to a CN Bond: 1,3‐Diazepines from Maleimides
Authors: Cubbage Kara L. , Orr‐Ewing Andrew J. , Booker‐Milburn Kevin I. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractA light touch is all that is required to cleave a maleimide CN bond to effect a [5+2] photocycloaddition with a sterically encumbered CN moiety (see scheme).magnified image
Elementary Steps of Gold Catalysis: NMR Spectroscopy Reveals the Highly Cationic Character of a “Gold Carbenoid”
Authors: Seidel Günter , Mynott Richard , Fürstner Alois 
Published: February 2009

AbstractWhat are you? Even though the metal‐induced ring opening of 3,3‐disubstituted cyclopropenes is known to serve as a genuine carbene generator, the use of AuI in this reaction leads to a reactive intermediate with highly cationic character. This result has important implications for gold catalysis in general, which in the past has been commonly attributed to the intervention of gold carbenes.magnified image
The effect of composition on the dynamic and mechanical properties of natural rubber–poly(methylmethacrylate) blends
Authors: Jayasuriya M. M. , Hourston D. J. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe miscibility of the components in natural rubber–poly(methylmethacrylate) blends for potential use as reinforced rubbers was evaluated using the glass transition temperatures, peak widths of the loss tangent peak at the glass transition and the complex heat capacity data obtained from dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA), and modulated differential scanning calorimetry (MDSC). In addition, the effect of the poly(methylmethacrylate) content on the dynamic mechanical and the physical properties such as tensile behavior and hysteresis loss was studied. DMTA and MDSC data clearly indicated that the blends were phase‐separated. Nevertheless, the glass transition temperature of the natural rubber component in the 30–50 wt % NR/PMMA blends has shifted to higher temperatures compared to the natural rubber treated under the same condition, indicating some limited extent of mixing of components in these blends. The physicomechanical properties including moduli at 100, 300, and 500% and tensile strength of the NR/PMMA blends were determined. Incorporation of PMMA into NR matrix improved the strength properties of the NR/PMMA blends prepared reasonably akin to interpenetrating polymer networks (IPN) polymerization method. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Maxillary Sinus Anatomy: A Cadaveric Study With Clinical Implications
Authors: Gosau M. , Rink D. , Driemel O. , Draenert F.G. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThis study measured maxillary sinus volume, evaluated the location of the semilunar hiatus in correlation to the nasal floor, and the incidence, location, and height of antral septa and discusses their clinical implications. Maxillary sinus volume was quantified in 65 cadavers (130 sinuses) by water application through the semilunar hiatus and measuring the used amount. The location of the semilunar hiatus was identified as distance from the nasal floor. The septa were counted, evaluated, and the size measured from the antral floor. The medium maxillary sinus volume was 12.5 mL (range, 5–22 mL). The medium location of the semilunar hiatus was 25.6 mm above the nasal floor (range, 18–35 mm). Thirty‐five septa were counted in 130 maxillary sinuses. This equals an incidence of 27%. The medium height of the septa was 5.4 mm (2.5–11 mm). The main location of the septa was the region of the first molar (29%), the second molar (23%), and the second premolar (23%). The height, location, and number of septa as well as the height of the semilunar hiatus and volume of the maxillary sinus have to be taken into consideration to correctly plan the procedure and amount of grafting material in maxillary sinus floor elevation operations. Anat Rec, 292:352–354, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
New Insight on the Anatomy and Architecture of the Avian Neurocranium
Authors: Marugán‐Lobón Jesús , Buscalioni Ángela D. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThis study aims to disentangle the main features of the avian neurocranium at high taxonomic scales using geometric morphometric tools. When surveying the variation across 60% of avian orders (sampled among 72 individuals), our results verify that the central nervous system has an important influence upon the architecture of the avian neurocranium, as in other very encephalized vertebrates such as mammals. When the avian brain expands relative to the cranial base it causes more “reptilian‐like” neurocranial configurations to shape into rounder ones. This rounder appearance is achieved because the cranial base becomes relatively shorter and turns its flexure from concave to convex, at the same time forcing the foramen magnum to reorient ventrally instead of caudally. However, our analyses have also revealed that an important morphological difference between birds resides between the occiput and the cranial roof. This variation was unexpected since it had not been reported thus far, and entertains two plausible interpretations. Although it could be due to a trade‐off between the relative sizes of the supraoccipital and the parietal bones, the presence of an additional bone (the intra‐ or post‐parietal) between the latter two bones could also explain the variation congruently. This descriptive insight stresses the need for further developmental studies focused in understanding the evolutionary disparity of the avian neurocranium. Anat Rec, 292:364–370, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.