bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prediciendo el estereotipo del endogrupo: factores estructurales y comparación intergrupal
Authors: Willis Guillermo B. , Rodríguez-Bailón Rosa 
Published: April 2008

De acuerdo con el Modelo sobre la Predicción del Contenido de los Estereotipos de Fiske, Xu, Cuddy y Glick (1999), el estereotipo del endogrupo suele incluir rasgos que suponen una alta competencia y sociabilidad. No obstante, algunos resultados preliminares muestran que esto no siempre es así, ya que algunos grupos se perciben a sí mismos como altos en sociabilidad pero bajos en competencia. En el presente estudio se pretende indagar algunas de las razones que explican dicho efecto. Concretamente, se estudia la posibilidad de que el resultado se deba a las comparaciones que el endogrupo mantenga con otros exogrupos. Así, nuestras hipótesis plantean que el endogrupo será percibido como alto en sociabilidad pero con baja competencia cuando se producen comparaciones con otros grupos de mayor estatus. Para probar esta hipótesis se realizó un estudio experimental (N = 607) en donde primero se hicieron salientes dos exogrupos de diferente estatus (alto-bajo). A continuación se pidió a los participantes que evaluaran al endogrupo en función de su competencia y sociabilidad. Los resultados muestran que el estereotipo relativo a la competencia y sociabilidad que se tiene del endogrupo tiende a estar determinado por el exogrupo de comparación.
Las aspiraciones materialistas y su relación con el bienestar psicológico y otros contructos psicosociales en dos muestras de adolescentes catalanes
Authors: Casas Ferrán , Figuer Cristina , González Mónica , Malo Sara 
Published: April 2008

En la presente comunicación se analizan las relaciones entre las aspiraciones materialistas (grado en el cual a los adolescentes encuestados les gustaría ser apreciados por las otras personas a la edad de 21 años en una serie de valores), el bienestar psicológico (satisfacción con diferentes ámbitos de la vida y con la vida globalmente) y algunos constructos psicosociales (autoestima, apoyo social percibido por parte de la familia y los amigos y percepción de control), en dos muestras de adolescentes catalanes de entre 12 a 16 años. Estas muestras fueron obtenidas en diferentes años: 2003 (N = 2715) y 2006 (N = 5051), a través de un cuestionario de características similares, administrado en diferentes centros educativos, siendo la segunda de las muestras representativa de la población catalana de estas edades. Se describen los resultados obtenidos a partir de la aplicación de diferentes Análisis de Componentes Principales (ACP) realizados con el listado de valores incluido en el cuestionario. Las relaciones entre la dimensión de valores materiales, que está formada en ambas muestras por el valor atribuido al dinero, el poder y la imagen, y el resto de constructos explorados serán también analizadas y discutidas en el presente trabajo.
Fragmentation of Freezing Drops in Shallow Maritime Frontal Clouds
Authors: Rangno Arthur L. 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
Images of frozen drops with pieces missing were collected on two days of airborne sampling in shallow supercooled stratiform frontal clouds in the coastal waters of Washington State. In those limited regions where ice appeared to be newly formed, ice fragments with rounded portions accounted for about 5% of the total ice particle concentrations. These results are in rough agreement with the body of literature on laboratory experiments concerning the freezing of drops in free fall that have suggested a modest, though not insignificant, role for the fragmentation of freezing drops on total ice particle concentrations when larger supercooled drops are present.
Analysis of Convectively Coupled Kelvin Waves in the Indian Ocean MJO
Authors: Roundy Paul E. 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
The active convective phase of the Madden–Julian oscillation (hereafter active MJO) comprises enhanced moist deep convection on its own temporal and spatial scales as well as increased variance in convection associated with higher-frequency modes. Synoptic-scale cloud superclusters apparently associated with convectively coupled Kelvin waves occur within the active convective envelopes of most MJO events. These convectively coupled Kelvin waves also occur during the suppressed convective phase of the MJO (hereafter suppressed MJO). This observational study presents an analysis of outgoing longwave radiation and reanalysis data to determine how these waves behave differently as they propagate through the active and suppressed MJO. Time indices of the MJO and Kelvin waves are derived for over the equatorial Indian Ocean. Dates of local extrema in these indices are used to composite data to discern how the waves and associated circulations behave on average; then, further composites are made based on subsets of this list of dates that are consistent with the two MJO phases. Results show that the MJO phase modulates the intensity of moist deep convection associated with the Kelvin waves, the evolution of the vertical structure of cloudiness linked to Kelvin waves, and patterns of upper-level outflow from convection coupled to Kelvin waves. Composites reveal that synoptic-scale circulations associated with the release of latent heat in convection coupled to Kelvin waves amplify and are left behind the waves in preferred geographical regions. The MJO modulates the amplitudes of these circulations and the locations where they get left behind the waves. Previous results have suggested a sharp distinction between the phase speeds of the MJO (4–8 m s−1) and of convectively coupled Kelvin waves (specifically 17 m s−1). In contrast, the present work suggests that convectively coupled Kelvin waves have a broad range of characteristic phase speeds, extending from 10 to 17 m s−1, depending on both the region of the world and the phase of the MJO through which they propagate.
Convectively Coupled Equatorial Waves Simulated on an Aquaplanet in a Global Nonhydrostatic Experiment
Authors: Nasuno Tomoe , Tomita Hirofumi , Iga Shinichi , Miura Hiroaki , Satoh Masaki 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
Large-scale tropical convective disturbances simulated in a 7-km-mesh aquaplanet experiment are investigated. A 40-day simulation was executed using the Nonhydrostatic Icosahedral Atmospheric Model (NICAM). Two scales of eastward-propagating disturbances were analyzed. One was tightly coupled to a convective system resembling super–cloud clusters (SCCs) with a zonal scale of several thousand kilometers (SCC mode), whereas the other was characterized by a planetary-scale dynamical structure (40 000-km mode). The typical phase velocity was 17 (23) m s−1 for the SCC (40 000 km) mode. The SCC mode resembled convectively coupled Kelvin waves in the real atmosphere around the equator, but was accompanied by a pair of off-equatorial gyres. The 40 000-km mode maintained a Kelvin wave–like zonal structure, even poleward of the equatorial Rossby deformation radius. The equatorial structures in both modes matched neutral eastward-propagating gravity waves in the lower troposphere and unstable (growing) waves in the upper troposphere. In both modes, the meridional mass divergence exceeded the zonal component, not only in the boundary layer, but also in the free atmosphere. The forcing terms indicated that the meridional flow was primarily driven by convection via deformation in pressure fields and vertical circulations. Moisture convergence was one order of magnitude greater than the moisture flux from the sea surface. In the boundary layer, frictional convergence in the (anomalous) low-level easterly phase accounted for the buildup of low-level moisture leading to the active convective phase. The moisture distribution in the free atmosphere suggested that the moisture–convection feedback operated efficiently, especially in the SCC mode.
Response of Simulated Squall Lines to Low-Level Cooling
Authors: Parker Matthew D. 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
Organized convection has long been recognized to have a nocturnal maximum over the central United States. The present study uses idealized numerical simulations to investigate the mechanisms for the maintenance, propagation, and evolution of nocturnal-like convective systems. As a litmus test for the basic governing dynamics, the experiments use horizontally homogeneous initial conditions (i.e., they include neither fronts nor low-level jet streams).
The simulated storms are allowed to mature as surface-based convective systems before the boundary layer is cooled. In this case it is then surprisingly difficult to cut the mature convective systems off from their source of near-surface inflow parcels. Even when 10 K of the low-level cooling has been applied, the preexisting system cold pool is sufficient to lift boundary layer parcels to their levels of free convection. The present results suggest that many of the nocturnal convective systems that were previously thought to be elevated may actually be surface based. With additional cooling, the simulated systems do, indeed, become elevated. First, the CAPE of the near-surface air goes to zero: second, as the cold pool’s temperature deficit vanishes, the lifting mechanism evolves toward a bore atop the nocturnal inversion. Provided that air above the inversion has CAPE, the system then survives and begins to move at the characteristic speed of the bore. Interestingly, as the preconvective environment is cooled and approaches the temperature of the convective outflow, but before the system becomes elevated, yet another distinct behavior emerges. The comparatively weaker cold pool entails slower system motion but also more intense lifting, apparently because it is more nearly balanced by the lower-tropospheric shear. This could explain the frequent observation of intensifying convective systems in the evening hours without the need for a nocturnal low-level jet. The governing dynamics of the simulated systems, as well as the behavior of low-level tracers and parcel trajectories, are addressed for a variety of environments and degrees of stabilization.
Genomic complexity identifies patients with aggressive chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Kujawski Lisa , Ouillette Peter , Erba Harry , Saddler Chris , Jakubowiak Andrzej , Kaminski Mark , Shedden Kerby , Malek Sami N. 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) has a variable clinical course. Presence of specific genomic aberrations has been shown to impact survival outcomes and can help categorize CLL into clinically distinct subtypes. We studied 178 CLL patients enrolled in a prospective study at the University of Michigan, of whom 139 and 39 were previously untreated and previously treated, respectively. We obtained unbiased, high-density, genome-wide measurements of subchromosomal copy number changes in highly purified DNA from sorted CD19+ cells and buccal cells using the Affymetrix 50kXbaI SNP array platform (Santa Clara, CA). Genomic complexity scores were derived and correlated with the surrogate clinical end points time to first therapy (TTFT) and time to subsequent therapy (TTST): measures of disease aggressiveness and/or therapy efficaciousness. In univariate analysis, progressively increasing complexity scores in previously untreated CLL patients identified patients with short TTFT at high significance levels. Similarly, TTST was significantly shorter in pretreated patients with high as opposed to low genomic complexity. In multivariate analysis, genomic complexity emerged as an independent risk factor for short TTFT and TTST. Finally, algorithmic subchromosomal complexity determination was developed, facilitating automation and future routine clinical application of CLL whole-genome analysis.
CXCR4 dimerization and β-arrestin–mediated signaling account for the enhanced chemotaxis to CXCL12 in WHIM syndrome
Authors: Lagane Bernard , Chow Ken Y. C. , Balabanian Karl , Levoye Angélique , Harriague Julie , Planchenault Thierry , Baleux Françoise , Gunera-Saad Nathalie , Arenzana-Seisdedos Fernando , Bachelerie Françoise 
Published: April 2008

AbstractWHIM (warts, hypogammaglobulinemia, infections, and myelokathexis) syndrome is an immune deficiency linked in many cases to heterozygous mutations causing truncations in the cytoplasmic tail of CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4). Leukocytes expressing truncated CXCR4 display enhanced responses to the receptor ligand CXCL12, including chemotaxis, which likely impair their trafficking and contribute to the immunohematologic clinical manifestations of the syndrome. CXCR4 desensitization and endocytosis are dependent on β-arrestin (βarr) recruitment to the cytoplasmic tail, so that the truncated CXCR4 are refractory to these processes and so have enhanced G protein–dependent signaling. Here, we show that the augmented responsiveness of WHIM leukocytes is also accounted for by enhanced βarr2-dependent signaling downstream of the truncated CXCR4 receptor. Indeed, the WHIM-associated receptor CXCR41013 maintains association with βarr2 and triggers augmented and prolonged βarr2-dependent signaling, as revealed by ERK1/2 phosphorylation kinetics. Evidence is also provided that CXCR41013-mediated chemotaxis critically requires βarr2, and disrupting the SHSK motif in the third intracellular loop of CXCR41013 abrogates βarr2-mediated signaling, but not coupling to G proteins, and normalizes chemotaxis. We also demonstrate that CXCR41013 spontaneously forms heterodimers with wild-type CXCR4. Accordingly, we propose a model where enhanced functional interactions between βarr2 and receptor dimers account for the altered responsiveness of WHIM leukocytes to CXCL12.
MDM2 SNP309 and TP53 Arg72Pro interact to alter therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia susceptibility
Authors: Ellis Nathan A. , Huo Dezheng , Yildiz Ozlem , Worrillow Lisa J. , Banerjee Mekhala , Le Beau Michelle M. , Larson Richard A. , Allan James M. , Onel Kenan 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe p53 tumor suppressor directs the cellular response to many mechanistically distinct DNA-damaging agents and is selected against during the pathogenesis of therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia (t-AML). We hypothesized that constitutional genetic variation in the p53 pathway would affect t-AML risk. Therefore, we tested associations between patients with t-AML (n = 171) and 2 common functional p53-pathway variants, the MDM2 SNP309 and the TP53 codon 72 polymorphism. Although neither polymorphism alone influenced the risk of t-AML, an interactive effect was detected such that MDM2 TT TP53 Arg/Arg double homozygotes, and individuals carrying both a MDM2 G allele and a TP53 Pro allele, were at increased risk of t-AML (P value for interaction is .009). This interactive effect was observed in patients previously treated with chemotherapy but not in patients treated with radiotherapy, and in patients with loss of chromosomes 5 and/or 7, acquired abnormalities associated with prior exposure to alkylator chemotherapy. In addition, there was a trend toward shorter latency to t-AML in MDM2 GG versus TT homozygotes in females but not in males, and in younger but not older patients. These data indicate that the MDM2 and TP53 variants interact to modulate responses to genotoxic therapy and are determinants of risk for t-AML.
Rapid mobilization of functional donor hematopoietic cells without G-CSF using AMD3100, an antagonist of the CXCR4/SDF-1 interaction
Authors: Devine Steven M. , Vij Ravi , Rettig Michael , Todt Laura , McGlauchlen Kiley , Fisher Nicholas , Devine Hollie , Link Daniel C. , Calandra Gary , Bridger Gary , Westervelt Peter , DiPersio John F. 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
Allografts from HLA-matched sibling donors were mobilized and collected without granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) using AMD3100, a direct antagonist of CXCR4/stromal-derived factor 1 (SDF-1/CXCL12). Donors (N = 25) were treated with AMD3100 at a dose of 240 μg/kg by subcutaneous injection, and leukapheresis was then initiated just 4 hours later. Two-thirds of the donors collected an allograft with a CD34+ cell dose sufficient for transplantation after just one dose of AMD3100. No donor experienced more than grade 1 toxicity. After a myeloablative regimen, 20 patients with hematologic malignancies received allografts collected after AMD3100 alone. All patients engrafted neutrophils (median day 10) and platelets (median day 12) promptly. Acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) grades 2 through 4 occurred in 35% of patients. One patient died due to complications related to acute GVHD. No unexpected adverse events were observed in any of the recipients. All 14 patients surviving in remission have robust trilineage hematopoiesis and are transfusion-free with a median follow-up of 277 days (range, 139-964 days). Direct antagonism of CXCR4 by AMD3100 may provide a more rapid and possibly less toxic and cumbersome alternative to traditional G-CSF–based mobilization in normal donors. This trial was registered as no. NCT00241358 at www.ClinicalTrials.gov.
Endotoxin receptor CD14 in PiZ α-1-antitrypsin deficiency individuals
Authors: Sandström Caroline S , Novoradovskaya Natalia , Cilio Corrado M , Piitulainen Eeva , Sveger Tomas , Janciauskiene Sabina 
Published: April 2008

AbstractBackgroundCD14, a receptor for lipopolysaccharides (LPS), is found in both a membrane-bound form (mCD14) and a soluble form (sCD14). It is suggested that sCD14 is mainly released from blood monocytes by serine protease-mediated shedding. Because α1-antitrypsin (AAT), an inhibitor of serine proteases, has been shown to regulate CD14 expression in human monocytesin vitro, we sought to investigate plasma levels of sCD14 and monocyte expression of mCD14 in subjects at age 30 years with normal MM and deficient PiZZ and PiSZ genotypes of AAT.MethodsPlasma levels of AAT and sCD14 were measured in 75 PiZZ and 34 PiSZ individuals with normal lung function identified from the Swedish neonatal AAT deficiency screening, and in 95 age matched PiMM controls. The mCD14 expression in monocytes from 9 PiZZ, 6 PiSZ and 11 PiMM subjects was analysed by FACS and Quantitative Real Time Reverse Transcription PCA.ResultsAs expected, plasma AAT concentrations were PiMM>PiSZ>PiZZ (p < 0.001). Plasma sCD14 levels were higher in PiZZ than in PiMM subjects (p < 0.01). The expression level of mCD14 was higher (1.89-fold) in monocytes isolated from PiZZ subjects compared to PiMM controls (p = 0.00189).ConclusionThis study is the first to show higher levels of plasma sCD14 and monocyte mCD14 expression in young, clinically healthy PiZZ AAT subjects.
Network motif-based identification of transcription factor-target gene relationships by integrating multi-source biological data
Authors: Zhang Yuji , Xuan Jianhua , de los Reyes Benildo G , Clarke Robert , Ressom Habtom W 
Published: April 2008

AbstractBackgroundIntegrating data from multiple global assays and curated databases is essential to understand the spatio-temporal interactions within cells. Different experiments measure cellular processes at various widths and depths, while databases contain biological information based on established facts or published data. Integrating these complementary datasets helps infer a mutually consistent transcriptional regulatory network (TRN) with strong similarity to the structure of the underlying genetic regulatory modules. Decomposing the TRN into a small set of recurring regulatory patterns, called network motifs (NM), facilitates the inference. Identifying NMs defined by specific transcription factors (TF) establishes the framework structure of a TRN and allows the inference of TF-target gene relationship. This paper introduces a computational framework for utilizing data from multiple sources to infer TF-target gene relationships on the basis of NMs. The data include time course gene expression profiles, genome-wide location analysis data, binding sequence data, and gene ontology (GO) information.ResultsThe proposed computational framework was tested using gene expression data associated with cell cycle progression in yeast. Among 800 cell cycle related genes, 85 were identified as candidate TFs and classified into four previously defined NMs. The NMs for a subset of TFs are obtained from literature. Support vector machine (SVM) classifiers were used to estimate NMs for the remaining TFs. The potential downstream target genes for the TFs were clustered into 34 biologically significant groups. The relationships between TFs and potential target gene clusters were examined by training recurrent neural networks whose topologies mimic the NMs to which the TFs are classified. The identified relationships between TFs and gene clusters were evaluated using the following biological validation and statistical analyses: (1) Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) to evaluate the clustering results; (2) Leave-one-out cross-validation (LOOCV) to ensure that the SVM classifiers assign TFs to NM categories with high confidence; (3) Binding site enrichment analysis (BSEA) to determine enrichment of the gene clusters for the cognate binding sites of their predicted TFs; (4) Comparison with previously reported results in the literatures to confirm the inferred regulations.ConclusionThe major contribution of this study is the development of a computational framework to assist the inference of TRN by integrating heterogeneous data from multiple sources and by decomposing a TRN into NM-based modules. The inference capability of the proposed framework is verified statistically (e.g., LOOCV) and biologically (e.g., GSEA, BSEA, and literature validation). The proposed framework is useful for inferring small NM-based modules of TF-target gene relationships that can serve as a basis for generating new testable hypotheses.
Postnatal stem/progenitor cells derived from the dental pulp of adult chimpanzee
Authors: Cheng Pei-Hsun , Snyder Brooke , Fillos Dimitri , Ibegbu Chris C , Huang Anderson Hsien-Cheng , Chan Anthony WS 
Published: April 2008

Background

Background
Chimpanzee dental pulp stem/stromal cells (ChDPSCs) are very similar to human bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (hBMSCs) as demonstrated by the expression pattern of cell surface markers and their multipotent differentiation capability.

Results
ChDPSCs were isolated from an incisor and a canine of a forty-seven year old female chimpanzee. A homogenous population of ChDPSCs was established in early culture at a high proliferation rate and verified by the expression pattern of thirteen cell surface markers. The ChDPSCs are multipotent and were capable of differentiating into osteogenic, adipogenic and chondrogenic lineages under appropriate in vitro culture conditions. ChDPSCs also express stem cell (Sox-2, Nanog, Rex-1, Oct-4) and osteogenic (Osteonectin, osteocalcin, osteopontin) markers, which is comparable to reported results of rhesus monkey BMSCs (rBMSCs), hBMSCs and hDPSCs. Although ChDPSCs vigorously proliferated during the initial phase and gradually decreased in subsequent passages, the telomere length indicated that telomerase activity was not significantly reduced.

Conclusion
These results demonstrate that ChDPSCs can be efficiently isolated from post-mortem teeth of adult chimpanzees and are multipotent. Due to the almost identical genome composition of humans and chimpanzees, there is an emergent need for defining the new role of chimpanzee modeling in comparative medicine. Teeth are easy to recover at necropsy and easy to preserve prior to the retrieval of dental pulp for stem/stromal cells isolation. Therefore, the establishment of ChDPSCs would preserve and maximize the applications of such a unique and invaluable animal model, and could advance the understanding of cellular functions and differentiation control of adult stem cells in higher primates.