bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Boundary stabilization for a Heat-Kelvin-Voigt unstable interaction model, with control and partial observation localized on the interface only.
Authors: Lasiecka Irena , Mahawattege Rasika , Triggiani Roberto 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
A prototype model for a Fluid-Structure interaction is considered. We aim to stabilize [enhance stability] of the model by having access only to a portion of the state. Toward this goal we shall construct a compensator-based Luenberger design, with the following two goals: (1) reconstruct the original system asymptotically- by tracking partial information about the full state, (2) stabilize the original unstable system by feeding an admissible control based on a system which is obtained from the compensator. The ultimate result is boundary control/stabilization of partially observed and originally unstable fluid-structure interaction with restricted information on the current state and without any knowledge of the initial condition. This prevents applicability of known methods in either open-loop or closed loop stabilization/control.
2010 AMS: 74F10, 74K20, 76G25, 35B40, 35G25, 37L15
From Tree-cavity to Landscape: Habitat Preferences and Fitness Operates Across Scales for an Old Relict Species of Southern South-america
Authors: Altamirano Tomás A. , Novoa Fernando J. , Von Bernath Zoltan Von , Vermehren Alejandra , Martin Kathy , Jara Rocío , Rockwell-Price Edwin , Rozzi Ricardo , Ibarra José Tomás 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Animals select their habitats from available resources in a way that should maximize fitness, and thus habitat preferences are generally predicted to be adaptive. However, there may be a mismatch between habitat preferences and fitness due to factors such as limited availability or disturbance of breeding habitats. In this study, we examine whether preferred nesting habitat attributes are linked to fitness (nesting success and number of fledglings) of White-throated treerunner (Pygarrhichas albogularis), an obligate excavator and tree cavity nester across four spatial scales: (1) cavity, (2) nest-tree, (3) forest-stand, and (4) landscape. During eight breeding seasons (October to February), between 2010 and 2018, we found and monitored 65 treerunner nests in Andean Temperate Forests, Chile. Our results show a multiscale response for both habitat preferences and fitness: both nest-tree and landscape scales were the most influential variables for nesting habitat preferences, while all habitat scales influenced fitness. The probability that a given habitat is used for nesting increased with larger trees, advanced tree decay classes, and forest cover. Nesting success was positively related with cavity entrance diameter, height, and distance from the forest edge. On the other hand, the number of fledglings decrease with larger trees and increase with decay class. Our findings suggest a match between habitat preferences and fitness. Finally, treerunners prefer areas with a relatively high forest cover and their nesting success increased with relatively lower tree density, suggesting that old-growth forests comprise the best integration of multiscale habitat attributes for this species.
Individual and household risk factors for Ebola disease among household contacts in Mubende and Kassanda districts, Uganda, 2022
Authors: Migamba Stella , Ardiet Denis-Luc , Migisha Richard , Nansikombi Hildah T , Agaba Brian , Naiga Helen Nelly , Wanyana Mercy , Zalwango Jane Frances , Atuhaire Immaculate , Kawungezi Peter Chris , Zalwango Marie Goretti , Simbwa Brenda , Kadobera Daniel , Ario Alex R. , Harris Julie R. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background: In 2022, a Sudan virus disease (SVD) outbreak occurred in Uganda, resulting in 142 confirmed cases, most in Mubende and Kassanda districts. We determined risk factors for Sudan virus (SUDV) infection among household members (HHM) of cases.
Methods: We conducted a case-control and retrospective cohort study in January 2023. Cases were RT-PCR-confirmed SUDV infection in residents of Mubende or Kassanda districts during the outbreak. Case-households housed a symptomatic, primary case-patient for ≥24 hours and had ≥1 secondary case-patient with onset <2 weeks after their last exposure to the primary case-patient. Control households housed a case-patient and other HHM but no secondary cases. A risk factor questionnaire was administered to the primary case-patient or another adult who lived at home while the primary case-patient was ill. We conducted a retrospective cohort study among case-household members and categorized their interactions with primary case-patients during their illnesses as none, minimal, indirect, and direct contact. We conducted logistic regression to explore associations between exposures and case-household status, and Poisson regression to identify risk factors for SUDV infection among HHM.
Results: Case- and control-households had similar median sizes. Among 19 case-households and 51 control households, primary case-patient death (adjusted odds ratio [ORadj]=7.6, 95% CI 1.4-41) and ≥2 household bedrooms (ORadj=0.19, 95% CI 0.056-0.71) were associated with case-household status. In the cohort of 76 case-HHM, 44 (58%) were tested for SUDV <2 weeks from their last contact with the primary case-patient; 29 (38%) were positive. Being aged ≥18 years (adjusted risk ratio [aRRadj]=1.9, 95%CI: 1.01-3.7) and having direct or indirect contact with the primary case-patient (aRRadj=3.2, 95%CI: 1.1-9.7) compared to minimal or no contact increased risk of SVD. Access to a handwashing facility decreased risk (aRRadj=0.52, 95%CI: 0.31-0.88).
Conclusion: Direct contact, particularly providing nursing care for and sharing sleeping space with SVD patients, increased infection risk among HHM. Risk assessments during contact tracing may provide evidence to justify closer monitoring of some HHM. Health messaging should highlight the risk of sharing sleeping spaces and providing nursing care for persons with Ebola disease symptoms and emphasize hand hygiene to aid early case identification and reduce transmission.
Laser-patterning of micromagnets for magnetophoretic biomolecule capture
Authors: Molinski John H , Parwal Siddhant , Zhang John X.J. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Efficient and controlled isolation and patterning of biomolecules is a vital process step within sample preparation for biomolecular analysis, and within numerous diagnostic and therapeutic applications. For exosomes, nanoscale (30–150 nm) lipid bound biomolecules, efficient isolation is challenging, due in part to the minute size and their resultant behavior within biofluids. Here, we present a method towards the rapid isolation and patterning of magnetically tagged exosomes via rationally designed micromagnets. We present a novel, scalable, and high-throughput laser-based fabrication approach that enables microscale lateral resolution (< 50 µm) without lithographic processing and is agnostic to pattern geometry. Fabrication of micromagnets allows for highly tunable device configurations, and herein we have explored their use for both open-air microwells and encapsulated within a microfluidic channel. In each case, the micromagnets act to enhance the localized gradient fields, resulting in rapid magnetophoretic separation throughout the biofluid medium. Towards micromagnet unit cell geometry optimization, we have employed computational FEA modeling, simulating ‘capture zones’ for a given micromagnet geometry. Lastly, we have demonstrated proof-of-concept immunomagnetic exosome capture and patterning within both device configurations, demonstrating the flexibility and utility of the developed fabrication technique.
Complete Genome Sequence and Annotation of a Pseudomonas syringae phage Psxφ15
Authors: López-Córdova Jocelyn , Pérez-Tobar Sandra , Claudet Cristophe , Fuenzalida-Valdivia Isabel , Herrera-Vásquez Ariel , Blanco-Herrera Francisca , Bittner Mauricio 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Numerous economically important crops are affected by the Pseudomonas syringae species worldwide. The current control method against this pathogen is the use of copper compounds; however, it is ineffective and limited. The use of phages is an alternative control method against phytopathogens, which are viruses that exclusively infect bacteria and can overcome the chemical control limitations. This work describes the isolation and sequencing of the bacteriophage Psxφ15, a Pseudomonas phage isolated from a plum tree sample collected in Curacaví, Chile, using the Pseudomonas syringae strain Ps15 as a host, which was isolated from cherry tree canker. Psxφ15 is a phage classified in the Myoviridae family according to its morphological features. It has a double-stranded DNA genome with a size of 96,038 base pairs in length, a G+C content of 48.35%, and contains 201 predicted coding sequences and 10 tRNA genes. Genome analysis revealed that Psxφ15 is a strictly lytic phage with no bacterial toxins and antibiotic resistance genes. Host range assays showed lysis of P. syringae strains such as P. syringae pv. syringae and P. syringae pv. tomato DC3000. Psxφ15 may be a suitable candidate for biocontrol against P. syringae.
Unveiling Genetic Signatures Associated with Resilience to Neonatal Diarrhea in Lambs Through Dual GWAS Approaches
Authors: Yaman Yalçın , Kişi Yiğit Emir , Şengül Serkan S. , Yıldırım Yasin , BAY Veysel 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Neonatal diarrhea poses a particularly daunting challenge due to its multifactorial etiology, resulting in high morbidity and mortality rates and substantial economic consequences worldwide. Moreover, the zoonotic potential of neonatal diarrhea underscores its importance in public health concerns. Although no molecular-level study has evaluated genetic resistance/susceptibility to neonatal diarrhea in farm animals, previous observations suggest potential avenues for further research. The present study employs two genome-wide association approaches, namely the nonparametric multi-locus (pKWmEB) and the single-locus Mixed Linear Model (MLM), to explore potential associations between genetic variations in innate immunity and neonatal diarrhea in Karacabey Merino lambs. A total of 707 lambs, comprising 180 cases and 527 controls, were analyzed, revealing an overall prevalence rate of 25.5%. Using a multi-locus (pKWmEB) GWA analysis, 13 SNPs surpassing the threshold of ≥ LOD 3 were identified. Additionally, the single-locus MLM approach identified one SNP with an exact p-value of 1.85e-7, and this SNP (s61781.1) in the SLC22A8 gene was co-detected by both methods. Our results demonstrate that besides environmental conditions and management practices, the manifestation of neonatal diarrhea can be explained to some degree by genetic backgrounds, and marker-assisted selection can be a useful complementary tool in the struggle against neonatal diarrhea.
Could the shortness in the digit ratio (2D:4D) of manic people with bipolar disorder be directly associated with criminal behavior?
Authors: Emre Elif , Yıldız Sevler , Aydin Suna , Şimşek Düzgün , Gürok Mehmet Gürkan 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between 2D:4D digit ratio and aggression and impulsivity in manic patients (BP) with and without a history of criminal behavior. The study included a total of 106 participants, which encompassed 41 healthy individuals, 34 BP with a history of criminal behavior (CBP), and 31 BP who had not engaged in criminal activity (NCBP). All participants were administered a socio-demographic data form, the Buss-Perry Aggression Scale (BAQ), Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11 (BIS-11), and the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) for those with bipolar manic disorder and 2D:4D digit ratio measurement. The right hand 2D:4D finger ratios of BP included in the study were significantly lower compared to the control group, and that the right hand 2D:4D finger ratio was correlated with the duration of the illness. Moreover the BAQ scores of BP were higher compared to the control group. In CBP, both the right hand 2D:4D and left hand 2D:4D were significantly lower compared to the control group. Furthermore, the BIS-11 score and YMRS of CBP were significantly higher compared to NCBP.
Impact of Trichomonas Vaginalis Infection on Spontaneous Preterm Labour in Lagos, Nigeria: An Analytical Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Sunmonu Halimah O. , Okunade Kehinde S. , Adegbola Omololu 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background: Preterm labour (PTL) leading to preterm birth is a grave complication of pregnancy that attracts long-term medical and social sequelae. However, there is still a paucity of data on the impact of Trichomonas vaginalis infection on PTL especially among women in sub-Saharan Africa.
Objective: This study determined the association between T. vaginalis infection and PTL among pregnant women in Lagos, Southwest, Nigeria using a molecular-based rapid antigen detection technique to diagnose T. vaginalis infection.
Methods: This was a multicenter analytical cross-sectional study carried out among parturients managed in the labour ward units of three hospitals in Lagos, Southwest Nigeria between April and December 2019. High vaginal swab samples were collected from n=105 pregnant women with PTL and an equal number of women who had term labour between April and December 2019. T. vaginalisAntigen Rapid test was used for the detection of T. vaginalis in the vaginal samples. Multivariable binary logistic regression analyses were used to control for all potential confounders in the association between T. vaginalis infection of PTL. Statistical significance was reported at p<0.05.
Results: The prevalence of T. vaginalis infection was significantly higher in women with PTL compared to those with term labour (12.4% vs. 2.9%, p=0.009). On adjustments for age, parity, booking and educational status, abnormal vaginal discharge and occurrence of prelabour rupture of membranes, there was no association between T. vaginalis infection and PTL (adjusted Odds ratio = 0.94, 95% CI: 0.10–9.29).
Conclusions: The study showed no independent association between T. vaginalis and PTL. We recommend that future longitudinal studies should be conducted within combined clinical and community settings to further investigate this relationship and explore the impact of coinfections or interactions between other local or systemic pathogens and T. vaginalis infection on PTL.
Machine learning for individualized prediction of device-associated infection and 30-day survival outcomes after invasive device procedure in intensive care unit patients
Authors: Su Xiang , Sun Ling , Sun Xiaogang , Zhao Quanguo 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
Risk evaluation for device-associated infection and 30-day outcomes following the accomplishment of invasive device procedures is essential to patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). We aimed to construct and validate machine learning (ML) models to predict the risk of device-associated infection and 30-day outcomes after invasive device procedures in ICU patients.
Methods
We included 8574 patients with ICU admission who accepted invasive device procedures from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC)-IV version 2.2 database. Enrolled patients were divided into development and test cohorts according to a proportion of 7:3. ML models were created based on the training dataset (n = 6001). We applied seven ML models for device-associated infection, including random forest (RF), logistic regression (LR), support vector machine (SVM), extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), Gaussian naive Bayesian (GNB), decision tree (DT), and recurrent neural networks with long short-term memory (LSTM) algorithm. Five models being used for the 30-day survival outcome, including Cox regression, extra survival trees (EST), survival tree (ST), gradient boosting survival tree (GBST), and deep learning survival neural network (DeepSurv). The primary evaluated approaches to model performance were the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for device-associated infection prediction and the survival model's concordance index (C-index). All models were internally validated in a test cohort (n = 2573).
Results
During the observation period of 30 days after invasive device procedures, 491 patients developed device-associated infections, and 1329 died. The XGBoost model presented the best-discriminated performance, with the test dataset's highest area under the curve (AUC) of 0.787 (0.787, 0.788), areas under the precision-recall curve (AUPRC) of 0.172 (0.172, 0.172), and the lowest Brier score (BS) of 0.146 (0.145, 0.146). The GBST model revealed the best ability to predict 30-day outcome survival, manifesting the highest C-index of 0.730 (0.728, 0.733) and time-dependent AUC of 0.744 (0.741, 0.748) in the validated cohort. The XGBoost and GBST have been available in the web application. These two models can generate an individual predictive risk of device-associated infection and 30-day survival outcomes for patients with ICU admission experiencing invasive device procedures.
Conclusions
We developed and internally evaluated XGBoost and GBST models with excellent prediction ability for the risk of device-associated infection and 30-day survival outcomes after invasive device procedures in patients hospitaled to ICU. The predictive result of these two models can help clinicians identify higher-risk patients with adverse events and conduct prevention methods.
Synthesis of N2-Type Superatomic Molecules
Authors: Isozaki Katsuhiro , Saito Ryohei , Mizuhata Yoshiyuki , Nakamura Masaharu 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
When atoms form covalent bonds, the atomic orbitals combine linearly to produce molecular orbitals. A similar bonding scheme exists for metallic nanoclusters. Spherical gold nanoclusters called “superatoms” are stabilized when valence electrons occupy the atomic orbital-like electronic shell called superatomic orbital1-4. Nonspherical gold nanoclusters can be viewed as “superatomic molecules” composed of fused superatoms sharing several gold atoms, and the superatomic orbitals are combined to form superatomic molecular orbitals5-12. Artificial superatomic molecules have been isolated, and their bonding scheme with superatomic molecular orbitals has been theoretically predicted7,8. However, isolated examples of natural molecule-like superatomic molecules are limited to the F2-type9-12; thus, the bonding theory and electron transitions of superatomic molecules remain poorly understood. Herein, we report the first synthesis of two N2-type superatomic molecules, M2Au17(depp)10Cl7 (M = Pd, Pt, depp = diethylphenylphosphine) nanoclusters bearing triple bonds of superatomic molecular orbitals. Irradiating visible light on MAu12 superatoms triggered a novel degradative fusion reaction to afford M2Au17 superatomic molecules. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis and density functional theory (DFT) calculation revealed that the 10 valence electrons are accommodated in the superatomic molecular orbitals with the electron configuration (1Σs)2(1Σs*)2(1Πpx, py)4(1Σpz)2, similar to that of N2 molecule. Furthermore, the UV-Vis absorption spectrum and time-dependent DFT calculations clarified that an electron transition occurs between superatomic molecular orbitals with the same symmetry, similar to that between molecular orbitals. Our results demonstrate a facile synthetic approach to superatomic molecules and their molecule-like optoelectronic behaviour. This synthetic approach could expand the library of superatomic molecules. Furthermore, a better understanding of the link between bonding theory and optoelectronic nature for both conventional and superatomic molecules will facilitate the development of functional metallic nanomaterials.
Ligand induced chirality in NEA2BiBr5 lead-free perovskite
Authors: Dong Minghui , Zhan Xiaoyuan , Chen Xiaofeng , Xu Zhaoyang , Bi Yuyi , Fu Yu , Tian Houzhuang 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Chiral perovskites have enormous application potential in several fields of optoelectronics and spintronics. The development of new lead-free perovskites with tunable performance is currently the focus of research. In this work, we synthesized a pair of novel chiral halide perovskite crystals.The single crystal diffraction results of the new lead-free chiral perovskite, R/SNEA2BiBr5, indicate that the two chiral perovskite crystals are monoclinic crystals crystallized in the P 1 21 1 (4) chiral space group, with a band gap of 2.71 eV. Chiral transfer from organic ligands mainly induces chiral optical activity in the range of 360-500nm, and the asymmetry factor reaches 2.5×10− 4, maintaining excellent stability in air and at low temperatures. This type of crystal can be used for the preparation of devices such as circularly polarized photodetectors, and has great potential in the field of nonlinear optoelectronics
Cycle-GAN based Data Augmentation to improve Faster-RCNN Generalizability to Detect Intestinal Parasites from Microscopy images
Authors: Kumar Satish , Arif Tasleem , Ahamad Gulfam , Chaudhary Anis Ahmad , Ali Mohamed A. M. , Malik Majid Bashir 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Intestinal parasites are responsible for affecting millions of people in developing and underdeveloped countries, primarily diagnosed using traditional manual light microscopes but suffer from drawbacks such as highly expensive, time-consuming, and requiring specialized expertise. Recent advances in deep learning have shown potential for addressing these challenges. For that, labeled medical imaging data is required which is scarce and expensive to generate, posing a major challenge in developing generalized deep learning models that require substantial amounts of data. Here, we utilized the generative adversarial network to generate synthetic dataset and improved the performance of deep learning models. Our framework exploits the potential of Generative Adversarial Networks (CycleGANs) and Faster RCNN to generate new datasets and detect intestinal parasites, respectively, on images of varying quality, leading to improved model generalizability and diversity. In this experiment, we evaluated the effectiveness of Cycle Generative Adversarial Network (CycleGAN) + Faster RCNN, we employed widely-used evaluation metrics such as precision, recall, and F1-score. We demonstrated that the proposed framework effectively augmented the images dataset and improved the detection performance, with F1-Score of 0.98% and mIoU of 0.97% are achieved which is better than without data augmentation. We show that this state-of-the-art approach sets the stage for further advancements in the field of medical image analysis. Additionally, we have built a new dataset, which is now publicly accessible, offering a broader range of classes and variability for future research and development.