bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional properties of plant proteins Part 6. Some functional properties of succinylated protein isolates from sunflower seed (Helianthus annuus L.)
Authors: Schwenke K. D. , Rauschal E. J. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe reaction of raw globulin preparations from sunflower seed with a 10‐30‐fold excess of succinic anhydride results in a maximum blockage of 85‐92% of the protein amino groups.The water absorption of the protein increases 2‐fold after a 26 % succinylation and nearly 6‐fold after an exhaustive modification. The oil absorption decreases after a moderate (42 %) succinylation of the protein and reaches the value of unmodified protein after being exhaustively modified.The emulsifying capacity (EC) is highest in the native unmodified protein. Treatment with acidic aqueous butanol for removing phenolic compounds results in a decrease of EC. The latter increases again after an exhaustive succinylation of butanol‐treated protein. A high level of modification (≥67%) improves the emulsifying activity and the emulsion stability of the protein. Succinylation increases the foam capacity but does not influence the high foam stability of the protein.A broadening of the solubility minimum and a shift of its position from pH 4.5‐5.5 to pH 2.5‐4.8 takes place at high levels of chemical modification.Relations are discussed between the dissociation of the protein into the summits at a high level of substitution (≥80%) determined by gel electrophoresis and the functional properties.
On determination of the emulsifying activity of proteins
Authors: Yuryev V. P. , Braudo E. E. , Tolstoguzov V. B. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe concept of invariant emulsifying activity of protein was introduced. This characteristic depends only on the composition of the system and the temperature and may serve as a comparable index for various proteins. A study was made of the dependence of the emulsifying activity of dried cheese whey on the rate of oil supply and on the mixing rate. Conditions of determination of invariant emulsifying activity of dried cheese whey were determined: the rate of oil supply: 0.1 − 0.2g. min−1; the rate of mixing: 3000–3500 r min−1. With the increase of the whey concentration, the multiphase emulsions are formed along with the O/W emulsions. Limitations of the method for determination of the invariant emulslifying activity are discussed. It has been suggested that conditions of the emulsifying activity estimation should be determined by parameters of specific technological process.
Concentration of proteins as a result of the phase separation of water‐protein‐polysaccharide systems Part 2. Concentration of milk proteins
Authors: Zhuravskaya N. A. , Kiknadze E. V. , Antonov Yu. A. , Toistoguzov V. B. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe process of concentration of skimmed milk proteins as a result of the phase separation of the waterskimmed milk proteins‐polysaccharide systems has been studied. The two‐phase systems were obtained by mixing and laying‐up skimmed milk and polysaccharide solutions. Used as polysaccharides were pectin, gum arabic and arabinogalactan. The establishment of the phase equilibrium in all the systems under study involves the concentration of the skimmed milk proteins and dilution of the polysaccharide solution. For the water‐skimmed milk proteins‐pectin system one can observe a transition of the lactose and calcium ions from the milk to the pectin solution. Depending on the concentration conditions, the concentration of the skimmed milk proteins in the protein phase increases by a factor of 5‐12 as compared with that in milk. The dispersed phases of the water‐skimmed milk proteins‐gum arabic and water‐skimmed milk proteinsarabinogalactan systems are represented by gel‐like particles with skimmed milk concentrations of 30 and 45 wt %, respectively. A value of 30 wt % for the skimmed milk concentration seems to correspond to the critical concentration of the lyotropic gelation of the skimmed milk proteins. The largest involvement of the skimmed milk proteins in the protein phase (91%) of the water‐skimmed milk proteins‐polysaccharide system was observed to take place at 10°C. α‐Lactalbumin is the major protein component of the polysaccharide phase.This concentration process can be defined as a membraneless osmosis. The rate of the process was studied and the time of the establishment of equilibrium in the two‐phase systems obtained by mixing and laying‐up the solutions was estimated. The greater effectiveness of the membraneless osmosis was shown to be mainly ensured by a fairly large size of the interphase surface of the systems under study.
Biochemical studies on some non conventional sources of protein Part 3. The molasse
Authors: Lásztity R. , Shafei M. El , Samei M. B. Abd El 
Published: November 2006

AbstractAmong the high carbohydrate content the cane molasses contains considerable amount of nitrogen compounds including proteins and amino acids. Protein hydrolyzates showed the presence of 16 amino acids with aspartic and glutamic acids and alanine as the major acids in both states bound and free, and there were two unidentified N‐containing free acids. Fe, Zn, Mn and Cu were predominant microminerals, K and P were found to be present and in smaller quantities Na.
Meat‐like Maillard concentrates as flavouring agents of sausages
Authors: Kirova E. , Gadjeva D. , Rothe M. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractMAILLARD type flavourings have been applied in a Bulgarian sausage in concentrations between 0.25 and 1%. In the range of 0.5% the best improving effect on total flavour quality was registered caused by increasing several sensory attributes. No influence of the additive was found on the enzymatic digestability and most of the tested chemical parameters. Thiol groups decrease something while the content in carbonyl compounds is increased significantly and can be used as an index for the presence of the flavouring.
Effect of ascorbic acid on the hepatotoxicity due to the daily intake of nitrate, nitrite and dimethylamine
Authors: Garc Roché M. O. Ía , Castillo A. , González T. , Grillo M. , Ríos J. , Rodríguez Nilda 
Published: November 2006

AbstractIt is known that nitrates, nitrites and dimethylamine may react in the gastro‐intestinal tract synthesizing the powerful hepatotoxic and carcinogenic dimethylnitrosamine. The purpose of this study was to investigate hepatotoxicity due to the daily intake of nitrates and nitrites administered to rats during 14 weeks together with dimethylamine in drinking water, and to evaluate the protecting effect of ascorbic acid against the hepatotoxicity of the presumably endogeneous formed dimethylnitrosamine.The toxicity criteria studied were weight of liver (absolute and relative), free and total bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase and pyruvic glutamic transaminase, all in the form of serum, and histopathologic tests of the liver. The results gave evidence of hepatotoxicity induced by the intake of nitrate, nitrite and dimethylamine all together, and not through the only intake of nitrate or nitrite or of amine. Daily doses of ascorbic acid [(211 ± 40) and (18 ± 4) mg/kg] seemed to hinder hepatotoxicity according to the criteria under investigation.
Influence of hydrocortisone acetate of the Longissimus dorsi muscle during gestation of rats
Authors: Lopez‐Jurado M. , Aranda P. , Montellano M. A. , Urbano G. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe evolution in detail of the N retention during gestation was studied, dividing it in short periods of time, and how that retention affects Longissimus dorsi muscle. Simultaneously, the same study in pregnant rats treated with hydrocortisone acetate was done.During gestation N balance maintains high values that tend to increase at days 18 to 21. The greatest metabolic utilization of the N dietary corresponds to this period in which the percentage of the N retained in relation to the N absorbed is markedly higher than in previous days of gestation. In spite of the excellent quality and adequate concentration of protein in the diet, the administration of 4 mg/100 g weight and day of hydrocortisone acetate maintains the pregnant rat in a negative balance until day 18, as a consequence of the decrease in food intake and faecal and urinary N losses. From day 18 to day 21 of gestation the balance of N increases and the metabolic utilization of the dietary N is similar between pregnant rats injected with NaCl 0.9% and pregnant rats injected with hydrocortisone acetate. The Longissimus dorsi normal growth pattern (in relation to weight and N content) in young adult rats is not modified by gestation. The catabolic effects of hydrocortisone acetate on Longissimus dorsi muscle in pregnant rats can be observed from day 9 of treatment. The longer the treatment the higher the effect is.
Preliminary observation on seasonal changes of trichothecene mycotoxin production by Fusaria (Short communication)
Authors: Chelkowski J. , Visconti A. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractDuring about 10 years of our experiments on the production of mycotoxins by filamentous fungi — particularly ochratoxin A, zearalenone and trichothecenes — we have observed significant differences of final mycotoxin yield in solid substrate cultures in various seasons. We stated that to get the high yield of mycotoxins it is necessary to start the mycotoxin production in laboratory cultures at spring time — during April or May. During late autumn and winter — particularly from November to February — the same strains produced significantly lower quantities of mycotoxins under the same substrate, temperature, moisture and inoculum conditions than at spring to summer time. We concluded that there exist probably seasonal changes in the metabolism of those fungi. To answer that question we examined the production of T‐2 toxin by one of the strains of Fusarium sporotrichioides Sherb during one year's cycle.
Die gastrointestinale Mikroökologie aus der Sicht des Pädiaters
Authors: Fiehring C. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractEine geschwächte Resistenzlage in der Neugeborenen‐Phase kann unter ungünstigen Bedingungen auch danach zu akuten oder chronischen Erkrankungen führen. Coli‐Infektionen mit einhergehender Enterotoxin‐Bildung sind nach wie vor häufigste Ursache bakterieller Durchfallserkrankungen im frühen Kindesalter. In letzter Zeit haben Colitiden und Salmonellosen zugenommen, während Campylobacter‐Enteritiden selten geworden sind und Shigellosen abgenommen haben. Auch Yersinia‐Infektionen und Mycosen kommen noch recht häufig vor. Die Kenntnis der Rotavirus‐Infektion hat dazu geführt, manches Krankheitsbild besser zu verstehen. Der Erfassung von Darmflora‐Störungen zur Erkennung und frühzeitigen Therapie von akuten oder chronischen Krankheiten sollte verstärkte Aufmerksamkeit gewidmet werden. Stillen ist noch immer die beste Prophylaxe in der frühen Säuglingsperiode.
Zur Abwehrfunktion der Lactoflora des Verdauungstraktes
Authors: Lencner A. , Lencner H. , Brilis V. , Brilene T. , Mikelsaar M. , Türi M. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractLactobacillen können der Lumen‐ und der Wandflora des Gastrointestinaltraktes angehören. Sie spielen eine bedeutsame Rolle innerhalb der Abwehrmechanismen der Flora, die u. a. an der Kolonisationsresistenz und Dekontaminierung des Organismus beteiligt sind. Lactobacillen beeinflussen das Immunsystem. Sie beschleunigen die Erneuerung der Schleimhaut‐Epithelzellen des Dünndarms. Gerade Lactobacillenstämme, die ausgeprägte antagonistische Eigenschaften haben, lysozymaktiv sind und als lysozymresistent gelten, bilden oft eine dichte Glycokalyx und besitzen eine hohe Adhäsionsfähigkeit. Die Lactoflora des Verdauungstraktes ist aus verschiedenen Arten mit unterschiedlichen Abwehreigenschaften zusammengesetzt.
Interrelations between mucosal and luminal microflora of gastrointestine
Authors: Mikelsaar M. , Türi M. , Lencner H. , Kolts K. , Kirch R. , Lencner A. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe quantitative relations of various groups of microbes, the biological properties of lactobacilli in the luminal and mucosal microfloras of the gastrointestine of rats after having received kanamycin and after starvation, of conventional and germfree mice after irradiation and of piglets of different ages were compared. It was revealed that there exists a positive correlation between the mucosal and the lumenal microfloras which remains considerably stable under different conditions. Nevertheless, in case of irradiation or starvation influencing the gastrointestine microflora, the mucosal microflora gets more changed and the translocation of microbes through the mucosa into blood circulation takes place. The mucosal lactoflora of piglets is formed during the first (1–5) days of life on account of microbes with well‐expressed antagonistic activity and lysozyme resistance.
Output of bacterial metabolites as a diagnostic means
Authors: Tamm A. , Siigur U. , Mikelsaar M. , Vija M. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractOutput of bacterial metabolites reflects not only the number but the metabolic activity of certain microorganisms. In case of excess of a substrate one can observe the increased output of metabolite(s) without the overgrowth of intestinal bacteria. This matter is used for detection of malabsorption of some carbohydrates (lactose, glucose) by increased excretion of hydrogen in expired air. Another group of so‐called breath tests (14C‐cholylglycine, 14C‐xylose) is designed to detect the bacterial overgrowth in the small intestine by measuring the rise of the concentration of 14CO2 in alveolar air. All the tests basing on the decomposition of the test substance by intestinal bacteria, have some limitations. Little is known about the microorganisms decomposing the different test substances. Significant correlations between the urinary phenols (p‐cresol, phenol) and certain groups of mucosal flora (staphylococci, bacteroides) of the small intestine of rats could be found. Therefore one suggests that elucidating the origin of a bacterial metabolite is still possible in some instances, although very complicated. In conclusion, the authors refer to several reasons for failure to obtain correlations between the output of the metabolite(s) and data of bacteriological investigation.
Versuche zur mathematischen Beschreibung mikroökologischer Zusammenhänge
Authors: Zunft H.‐J. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractTierexperimentelle Untersuchungen über den Einfluß von Nahrungsfaktoren auf das mikroökologische System im Darmtrakt sind in den Ergebnissen aufgrund der Vielfalt mikroökologischer Wechselwirkungen oft schwer überschaubar. Mit multivariaten statistischen Methoden, insbesondere der nichtlinearen multiplen Regressionsanalyse, wird versucht, tiefere Zusammenhänge aufzudecken. Erste Ergebnisse zeigen, daß sich die Beziehungen zwischen Nahrungsfaktoren und mikroökologischen Merkmalen des Coloninhalts in guter Näherung mit quadratischen Polynomen darstellen lassen, während sich für biochemische Merkmale auch eine lineare Abhängigkeit von den Einflußgrößen findet.
Nitrate‐reducing microorganisms in the gastric juice of patients with stomach cancer — Experimental data and considerations upon the role of these microorganisms in gastrocarcinogenesis
Authors: Uibu J. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractDuring recent years evidence has been accumulated supporting the hypothesis according to which nitroso compounds are involved in the generation of stomach cancer in humans. The present report deals with the occurrence and content of nitrite, nitrate and nitrosamines in the gastric juice of stomach cancer patients with special reference to nitrate‐reducing microorganisms. Microorganisms were found to be present in gastric juice in all cases of cancer, mean total count being (5.6 ± 2.4) log/ml (mean ± standard deviation) and with limit values 1.4–8.0 log/ml. Nitrate‐reducing microorganisms were found in 9 cases from 10. Their mean counts were (5.2 ± 2.5) log/ml and limit values > 0.5–8.0 log/ml. The role of nitrate‐reducing microorganisms in the formation of nitrite and carcinogenic nitroso compounds is discussed. Some practical measures to control the count of nitrate‐reducing microorganisms in stomach are presented.
Proteus dysbioses in patients with ulcerative colitis
Authors: Kanareykina S. K. , Misautova A. A. , Zlatkina A. R. , Levina E. N. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractIn patients with ulcerative colitis Proteus could be isolated from all the gastrointestinal portions studied: mouth cavity, stomach, small intestine, small intestinal mucous membrane, and mostly from faeces. In some patients with ulcerative colitis a decrease in membraneous hydrolysis of polysaccharides was noted. Severe Proteus dysbiosis was associated with a sharp decrease in absorption processes at the small intestinal mucous membrane. The Proteus strains obtained from the patients belonged mostly to 3 serogroups: OA, OB, OC. Studies in virulent properties of Proteus in experiments with white mice gave positive results in 96% cases. Enterotoxin could be found in no case. As the result of vaccinal therapy in most patients disappearance or decrease of signs of malabsorption, increase in weight, stool normalization, and better hematological indices was manifested.
Problems of space gastroenterology and microenvironment
Authors: Smirnov K. V. , Lizko N. N. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractNumerous studies have revealed changes in gastrointestinal secretion, motility, evacuation, and absorption in humans and animals after actual space missions and under hypokinesia of various duration as well. It is found that short‐term space missions produce transient changes in the activity of digestive enzymes, instability of bifido‐ and lactoflora peculiar to stress reaction, and an enhanced evacuation of the stomach. Extended space missions result in more pronounced but transient changes which characterize mainly two states: development of a hypersecretory syndrome of the stomach and decrease in the functional capacity of the pancreas. As a rule, the changes of membranous enzymes are of compensatory‐and‐adaptive character. Concurrent with this, there occur disbiotic changes of various degree in the intestinal microflora.
Ruhe‐Nüchtern‐Umsatz und postprandialer Energieumsatz bei Normgewichtigen und Adipösen
Authors: Karst H. , Steiniger J. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractDynamisch Adipöse (AD) zeigten einen absoluten Ruhe‐Nüchtern‐Energieumsatz (RNU), der signifikant größer war als der von Normalgewichtigen (NG). Er lag jedoch bei den AD weit unter, bei den NG dagegen über ihren Sollwerten [1]. Der auf die metabolische Körpermasse bezogene RNU der AD war kleiner als der der NG und negativ mit dem Relativgewicht korreliert. Dies weist auf eine Verminderung der Stoffwechselintensität bei dynamischer Adipositas hin. Bei statischer Adipositas wurden hinsichtlich des RNU ähnliche Bedingungen angetroffen, jedoch waren bei einigen Probanden auch die absoluten Ergebnisse niedriger als bei den NG. Es handelte sich dabei um familiär prädisponierte, seit Kindheit adipöse Männer mit eingeschränkter Ernährung.Die thermogene Reaktion auf Eiweiß oder Kohlenhydrat war sowohl bei dynamischer als auch bei statischer Adipositas reduziert, bei statischer allerdings nur im männlichen Geschlecht, und zwar besonders deutlich bei den familiär prädisponierten Probanden (−35% gegenüber der Kontrollgruppe innerhalb von 6 h nach 2 MJ Casein). Im gleichen Zeitraum war die thermogene Reaktion der dynamisch AD auf 2 MJ Casein ebenfalls um 35% reduziert. Hier konnte jedoch in 24‐Stunden‐Untersuchungen gezeigt werden, daß im Gegensatz zu NG, die postprandiale Umsatzkurve während der Schlafphase so weit unter die RNU‐Kurve absank, daß die caseininduzierte Thermogenese wieder vollständig kompensiert wurde.Die signifikanten Korrelationsbeziehungen der über 10 h gemessenen thermogenen Reaktion zum Relativgewicht (negativ), zur Nahrungsaufnahme und zum RNU (beide positiv) lassen darauf schließen, daß eine drastisch reduzierte postprandiale Thermogenese verminderte Stoffwechselaktivität und damit gesteigerte Effektivität der Nahrungsenergieverwertung anzeigt. Das scheint bei dynamischer Adipositas durchweg, bei statischer nur vereinzelt der Fall zu sein.
Individuelle Variabilität der Energieverwertung bei experimenteller Überernährung —Eine Literaturauswertung
Authors: Steiniger J. 
Published: November 2006

Abstract114 publizierte Ergebnisse von Überernährungsexperimenten der letzten 30 Jahre an 93 normalgewichtigen oder mageren und an 21 adipösen Versuchspersonen wurden hinsichtlich der individuellen Variabilität der Energieverwertung ausgewertet. Der Energieaufwand für die Körpermasseakkumulation (ΔME/ΔKG) zeigte eine durchschnittliche Variabilität von 70% ((46 ± 32) MJ/kg, Variationsbereich: 5–276 MJ/kg). 40% der Gesamtvariablität wurden durch Unterschiede in Dauer (4–83 Tage) und Ausmaß der Überernährung (ΔMEcum: 14–468 MJ) bestimmt, 60% waren davon unabhängig (Restvarianz). Mit zunehmender Dauer der Überernährung wurde die aufgenommene Exzeßenergie vermehrt als Körperfett akkumuliert (nach 4 d 25% und nach 83 d 65% des Gewichtsanstieges). Gleichzeitig erhöhte sich der Energieaufwand für die Körpermasseakkumulation durch die Zunahme der Energieabgabe (Thermogenese). Der Anstieg der Energieabgabe scheint in erster Linie von der aufgenommenen Exzeßenergie (nahrungsinduzierte Thermogenese) und weniger von der angestiegenen Körpermasse (Grundumsatz) bestimmt zu werden. Die Bedeutung der bestehenden individuellen Variabilität in der Energieverwertung für die Pathogenese der Adipositas wird diskutiert.
Zur Variabilität der Nahrungsenergieaufnahme bei Kindern und Jugendlichen
Authors: Johnsen D. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractEines der auffälligsten Merkmale des Menschen ist seine Variabilität. Diese ursächlich genetisch bedingte und durch exogene Faktoren nur in Grenzen beeinflußbare natärliche Ungleichheit des Menschen spiegelt sich am augenscheinlichsten in der körperbaulichen Vielfalt wider [1, 2]. In nahezu allen Typologien zur Beschreibung dieser individuellen Vielfalt des Kärperbaues finden sich mehr oder weniger übereinstimmend zwei Grundtypen: ein schlanker (leptomorpher) und ein rundlicher, untersetzter (pyknomorpher) Typ als Pole einer Grundvariationsreihe des menschlichen Körpers. Mit dieser äußeren Erscheinungsform scheinen eine Reihe von physiologischen, biochemischen, morphologischen, psychischen und klinischen Parametern zu korrespondieren, die in diesem Zusammenhang insbesondere bei Kindern und Jugendlichen kaum untersucht und analysiert wurden.
Postprandial alterations of lipid metabolism in healthy persons and in hyperlipoproteinaemic patients
Authors: Julius U. , Leonhardt W. , Weck M. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractFood ingestion induces chylomicronaemia and/or elevated VLDL concentrations depending on the kind and amount of food consumed. To simulate the metabolic fate of chylomicrons, fat emulsions have been used. Their elimination velocity is influenced by the kinetic pattern of the metabolism of the endogenous triglycerides: both a low removal capacity and a triglyceride overproduction cause a delayed clearance of the fat emulsion. Moreover, an impairment of the influx of the free fatty acids into the cells which is present in hypertriglyceridaemic patients may be able to worsen that clearance. Postprandial lipaemia is also modified by diurnal variations of the lipids and lipoproteins which have been observed in fasting persons. In brief, the effects of diets rich in carbohydrates or fats are discussed.