bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Vibrations on Particle Motion Near a Wall in a Semi-Infinite Fluid Cell
Authors: Hassan Samer , Kawaji Masahiro , Lyubimova Tatyana P. , Lyubimov Dmitry V. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractThe effects of small vibrations on a particle-fluid system relevant to material processing such as crystal growth in space have been investigated experimentally and theoretically. An inviscid model for a spherical particle of radius, R0, suspended by a thin wire and moving normal to a cell wall in a semi-infinite liquid-filled cell subjected to external horizontal vibrations, was developed to predict the vibration-induced particle motion under normal gravity. The wall effects were studied by varying the distance between the equilibrium position of the particle and the nearest cell wall, H. The method of images was used to derive the equation of motion for the particle oscillating in an inviscid fluid normal to the nearest cell wall. The particle amplitude in a semi-infinite cell increased linearly with the cell vibration amplitude as expected from the results for an infinite cell, however, the particle amplitude also changed with the distance between the equilibrium position of the particle and the nearest wall. The particle amplitude was also found to increase or decrease depending on whether the cell vibration frequency was below or above the resonance frequency, respectively. The theoretical predictions of the particle amplitudes in the semi-infinite cell agreed well with the experimental data, where the effect of the wall proximity on the particle amplitude was found to be significant for (H∕R0&lt;2) especially near the resonance frequency. Experiments performed at high frequencies well above the resonance frequency showed that the particle amplitude reaches an asymptotic value independent of the wire length.
Isotropic Clamped-Free Thin Annular Circular Plate Subjected to a Concentrated Load
Authors: Adewale Ajayi O. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractThe problem of an isotropic annular plate clamped along one edge and free at the other and subjected to a concentrated load is solved by a series approximation. The continuity conditions of deflection, slope, shear and radial moments at the radius of load application are satisfied. Variations of deflection coefficient, radial moment coefficients and shear coefficients with radius and angle are presented.
Lattice Boltzmann Modeling of Subcontinuum Energy Transport in Crystalline and Amorphous Microelectronic Devices
Authors: Escobar Rodrigo , Smith Brian , Amon Cristina 
Published: June 2006

AbstractNumerical simulations of time-dependent energy transport in semiconductor thin films are performed using the lattice Boltzmann method applied to phonon transport. The discrete lattice Boltzmann method is derived from the continuous Boltzmann transport equation assuming first gray dispersion and then nonlinear, frequency-dependent phonon dispersion for acoustic and optical phonons. Results indicate that a transition from diffusive to ballistic energy transport is found as the characteristic length of the system becomes comparable to the phonon mean free path. The methodology is used in representative microelectronics applications covering both crystalline and amorphous materials including silicon thin films and nanoporous silica dielectrics. Size-dependent thermal conductivity values are also computed based on steady-state temperature distributions obtained from the numerical models. For each case, reducing feature size into the subcontinuum regime decreases the thermal conductivity when compared to bulk values. Overall, simulations that consider phonon dispersion yield results more consistent with experimental correlations.
The effect of woodland proximity and wetland characteristics on larval anuran assemblages in an agricultural landscapeThis is contribution No. 82 of the MacArthur Agro-Ecology Research Center.
Authors: Babbitt K.J. , Baber M.J. , Brandt L.A. 
Published: June 2006

Changes to landscapes for agricultural activities often result in reduction and fragmentation of forested habitat. Land conversion for cattle ranching in south-central Florida has resulted in increases in pasture land interspersed with remnant patches of hardwood hammock. To examine the importance of these hammocks to anurans, we sampled 78 seasonally inundated wetlands to examine the relative importance of proximity of hardwood hammock patches (>20 ha) and wetland characteristics and used generalized linear models to determine which factors had a significant effect on larval anuran species richness or abundance. Species richness was significantly influenced by pH, conductivity, and water depth. Proximity to hammock did not influence species richness; however, assemblage composition differed between wetlands near hammocks and wetlands surrounded by pasture. Barking treefrogs ( Hyla gratiosa LeConte, 1856), pine woods treefrogs ( Hyla femoralis Bosc in Daudin, 1800), and oak toads ( Bufo quercicus Holbrook, 1840) bred only in wetlands within 20, 50, and 200 m of hammocks, respectively. Factors influencing tadpole abundances were species-specific. Retention of seasonally inundated wetlands proximal to large hammocks on ranchlands can provide important habitat for supporting a diverse assemblage of anurans.
Phylogeny of members of the rockfish (Sebastes) subgenusPteropodusand their relatives
Authors: Li Z. , Gray A.K. , Love M.S. , Asahida T. , Gharrett A.J. 
Published: June 2006

The Sebastes Cuvier, 1829 subgenus Pteropodus Eigenmann and Beeson, 1893 includes six species from the northeastern Pacific Ocean (NEP) and four species from the northwestern Pacific Ocean (NWP). Several NEP species assigned to other subgenera are similar to NEP Pteropodus species. Restriction site variation in the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 3 and 4 genes and the 12S and 16S ribosomal RNA genes were used to evaluate their relationships. Phylogenetic reconstruction showed that six NEP species of Pteropodus formed a monophyletic group that also included three NEP species currently assigned to other subgenera: Sebastes atrovirens (Jordan and Gilbert, 1880) (subgenus Mebarus Matsubara, 1943) and Sebastes auriculatus Girard, 1854 and Sebastes dalli (Eigenmann and Beeson, 1894) (both subgenus Auctospina (Eigenmann and Beeson, 1894)). The small average nucleotide divergence (0.0124 per nucleotide) observed among members of this group of species was similar to that observed among species of the monophyletic subgenus Sebastomus Gill, 1864 (0.0089 per nucleotide). The NWP species of Pteropodus did not cluster with their NEP consubgeners but, generally, were similar to other NWP species. We recommend that S. atrovirens, S. auriculatus, and S. dalli be included in subgenus Pteropodus with the other NEP species and that the NWP species of Pteropodus be removed from the subgenus. Our results indicate that the morphological characteristics used to distinguish species often may not be useful for phylogenetic analysis.
A comparison of coyote ecology after 25 years: 1978 versus 2003 This is Welder Wildlife Foundation contribution No. 651.
Authors: Young J.K. , Andelt W.F. , Terletzky P.A. , Shivik J.A. 
Published: June 2006

Most ecological studies of coyotes are of short duration and studies are generally never repeated, thus the opportunity to compare changes in coyote ( Canis latrans Say, 1823) ecology over time is rare. We compared coyote home ranges, activity patterns, age, and diet at the Welder Wildlife Refuge in south Texas between 1978–1979 and 2003–2004 (25 years later). The Minta index of overlap between 1978 and 2003 home ranges was 51.7 ± 7.0 (n = 7), much greater than the Minta index value based on randomized tests (28.7 ± 8.6), indicating similar spatial patterns between time periods. The Minta index was 12.3 ± 6.2 (n = 7) for core areas, whereas the Minta index value based on randomized tests was 4.0 ± 3.0. Although overall diets were similar between 1978 and 2003, we detected some differences in prey species consumed. Activity patterns were similar between the two study periods, with peaks in movement occurring around sunrise and sunset. There was no difference in the mean age between the two populations (P = 0.44, n = 68, t[66] = 2.00). Our findings suggest that population features, such as home-range position and age structure, are similar between extended time periods, while individual-level patterns, such as the prey species consumed and distribution of locations within a home range, are dynamic and may reflect changes in the local environment.
Autocrine release of interleukin-9 promotes Jak3-dependent survival of ALK+ anaplastic large-cell lymphoma cells
Authors: Qiu Lin , Lai Raymond , Lin Quan , Lau Esther , Thomazy David M. , Calame Daniel , Ford Richard J. , Kwak Larry W. , Kirken Robert A. , Amin Hesham M. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractThe aberrant fusion protein NPM-ALK plays an important pathogenetic role in ALK+ anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (ALCL). We previously demonstrated that Jak3 potentiates the activity of NPM-ALK. Jak3 activation is restricted to interleukins that recruit the common γ chain (γc) receptor, including IL-9. NPM-ALK was previously shown to promote widespread lymphomas in IL-9 transgenic mice by unknown mechanisms. We hypothesized that IL-9 plays an important role in ALK+ ALCL via Jak3 activation. Our studies demonstrate the expression of IL-9Rα and IL-9 in 3 ALK+ ALCL-cell lines and 75% and 83% of primary tumors, respectively. IL-9 was detected in serum-free culture medium harvested from ALK+ ALCL-cell lines, supporting autocrine release of IL-9. Treatment of these cells with an anti–IL-9–neutralizing antibody decreased pJak3 and its kinase activity, along with pStat3 and ALK kinase activity. These effects were associated with decreased cell proliferation and colony formation in soft agar and cell-cycle arrest. Evidence suggests that cell-cycle arrest can be attributed to up-regulation of p21 and down-regulation of Pim-1. Our results illustrate that IL-9/Jak3 signaling plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of ALK+ ALCL and that it represents a potential therapeutic target for treating patients with ALK+ ALCL.
TSPY potentiates cell proliferation and tumorigenesis by promoting cell cycle progression in HeLa and NIH3T3 cells
Authors: Oram Shane W , Liu Xing Xing , Lee Tin-Lap , Chan Wai-Yee , Lau Yun-Fai Chris 
Published: June 2006

Abstract

Background
TSPY is a repeated gene mapped to the critical region harboring the gonadoblastoma locus on the Y chromosome (GBY), the only oncogenic locus on this male-specific chromosome. Elevated levels of TSPY have been observed in gonadoblastoma specimens and a variety of other tumor tissues, including testicular germ cell tumors, prostate cancer, melanoma, and liver cancer. TSPY contains a SET/NAP domain that is present in a family of cyclin B and/or histone binding proteins represented by the oncoprotein SET and the nucleosome assembly protein 1 (NAP1), involved in cell cycle regulation and replication.

Methods
To determine a possible cellular function for TSPY, we manipulated the TSPY expression in HeLa and NIH3T3 cells using the Tet-off system. Cell proliferation, colony formation assays and tumor growth in nude mice were utilized to determine the TSPY effects on cell growth and tumorigenesis. Cell cycle analysis and cell synchronization techniques were used to determine cell cycle profiles. Microarray and RT-PCR were used to investigate gene expression in TSPY expressing cells.

Results
Our findings suggest that TSPY expression increases cell proliferation in vitro and tumorigenesis in vivo. Ectopic expression of TSPY results in a smaller population of the host cells in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle. Using cell synchronization techniques, we show that TSPY is capable of mediating a rapid transition of the cells through the G2/M phase. Microarray analysis demonstrates that numerous genes involved in the cell cycle and apoptosis are affected by TSPY expression in the HeLa cells.

Conclusion
These data, taken together, have provided important insights on the probable functions of TSPY in cell cycle progression, cell proliferation, and tumorigenesis.
Phenotypic features and genetic characterization of male breast cancer families: identification of two recurrent BRCA2 mutations in north-east of Italy
Authors: Miolo GianMaria , Puppa Lara Della , Santarosa Manuela , De Giacomi Clelia , Veronesi Andrea , Bidoli Ettore , Tibiletti Maria Grazia , Viel Alessandra , Dolcetti Riccardo 
Published: June 2006

AbstractBackgroundBreast cancer in men is an infrequent occurrence, accounting for ~1% of all breast tumors with an incidence of about 1:100,000. The relative rarity of male breast cancer (MBC) limits our understanding of the epidemiologic, genetic and clinical features of this tumor.MethodsFrom 1997 to 2003, 10 MBC patients were referred to our Institute for genetic counselling and BRCA1/2 testing. Here we report on the genetic and phenotypic characterization of 10 families with MBC from the North East of Italy. In particular, we wished to assess the occurrence of specific cancer types in relatives of MBC probands in families with and without BRCA2 predisposing mutations. Moreover, families with recurrent BRCA2 mutations were also characterized by haplotype analysis using 5 BRCA2-linked dinucleotide repeat markers and 8 intragenic BRCA2 polymorphisms.ResultsTwo pathogenic mutations in the BRCA2 gene were observed: the 9106C>T (Q2960X) and the IVS16-2A>G (splicing) mutations, each in 2 cases. A BRCA1 mutation of uncertain significance 4590C>G (P1491A) was also observed. In families with BRCA2 mutations, female breast cancer was more frequent in the first and second-degree relatives compared to the families with wild type BRCA1/2 (31.9%vs. 8.0% p = 0.001). Reconstruction of the chromosome phasing in three families and the analysis of three isolated cases with the IVS16-2A>G BRCA2 mutation identified the same haplotype associated with MBC, supporting the possibility that this founder mutation previously detected in Slovenian families is also present in the North East of our Country. Moreover, analysis of one family with the 9106C>T BRCA2 mutation allowed the identification of common haplotypes for both microsatellite and intragenic polymorphisms segregating with the mutation. Three isolated cases with the same mutation shared the same intragenic polymorphisms and three 5' microsatellite markers, but showed a different haplotype for 3' markers, which were common to all three cases.ConclusionThe 9106C>T and the IVS16-2A>G mutations constitute recurrent BRCA2 mutations in MBC cases from the North-East of Italy and may be associated with a founder effect. Knowledge of these two recurrent BRCA2 mutations predisposing to MBC may facilitate the analyses aimed at the identification of mutation carriers in our geographic area.
Characteristic abnormalities in cerebrospinal fluid biochemistry in children with cerebral malaria compared to viral encephalitis
Authors: Jakka SR , Veena S , Atmakuri RM , Eisenhut M 
Published: June 2006

Abstract

Background
In developing countries where Plasmodium falciparum malaria is endemic, viral encephalitis and cerebral malaria are found in the same population, and parasitemia with Plasmodium falciparum is common in asymptomatic children. The objective of this study was to investigate the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biochemistry in children with cerebral malaria compared to those with presumed viral encephalitis.

Methods
We studied the following CSF parameters: cell count, glucose, protein, lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) and adenosine deaminase (ADA) levels, in children with cerebral malaria, with presumed viral encephalitis, and in control subjects who had a lumbar puncture after a febrile convulsion with postictal coma.

Results
We recruited 12 children with cerebral malaria, 14 children with presumed viral encephalitis and 20 controls prospectively, over 2 years in the Government General Hospital in Kakinada, India. Patients with cerebral malaria had significantly lower CSF glucose, and higher protein, LDH, CSF/blood LDH ratio and CSF ADA levels but a lower CSF/serum ADA ratio compared to controls (p < 0.01). Patients with cerebral malaria had lower CSF white cell count, glucose, protein, LDH levels and CSF/serum ADA ratio compared to patients with presumed viral encephalitis. CSF/serum ADA ratio was lower in patients with cerebral malaria due to the fact that serum ADA levels were significantly higher in patients with cerebral malaria compared to the other two groups. A CSF/serum ADA ratio of <0.38 and a CSF glucose level of <3.4 mmol/l were selected as the cut-off values with the highest sensitivities and specificities for comparing the two conditions.

Conclusion
CSF/serum ADA ratio and CSF glucose levels were the best discriminators of cerebral malaria from presumed viral encephalitis in our study. Further studies are needed to explore their usefulness in epidemiological studies.
Refraction tomography using a waveform-inversion back-propagation technique
Authors: Min Dong-Joo , Shin Changsoo 
Published: June 2006

One of the applications of refraction-traveltime tomography is to provide an initial model for waveform inversion and Kirchhoff prestack migration. For such applications, we need a refraction-traveltime tomography method that is robust for complicated and high-velocity-contrast models. Of the many refraction-traveltime tomography methods available, we believe wave-based algorithms to be best suited for dealing with complicated models. We developed a new wave-based, refraction-tomography algorithm using a damped wave equation and a waveform-inversion back-propagation technique. The imaginary part of a complex angular frequency, which is generally introduced in frequency-domain wave modeling, acts as a damping factor. By choosing an optimal damping factor from the numerical-dispersion relation, we can suppress the wavetrains following the first arrival. The objective function of our algorithm consists of residuals between the respective phases of first arrivals in field data and in forward-modeled data. The model-response, first-arrival phases can be obtained by taking the natural logarithm of damped wavefields at a single frequency low enough to yield unwrapped phases, whereas field-data phases are generated by multiplying picked first-arrival traveltimes by the same angular frequency used to compute model-response phases. To compute the steepest-descent direction, we apply a waveform-inversion back-propagation algorithm based on the symmetry of the Green’s function for the wave equation (i.e., the adjoint state of the wave equation), allowing us to avoid directly computing and saving sensitivities (Fréchet derivatives). From numerical examples of a block-anomaly model and the Marmousi-2 model, we confirm that traveltimes computed from a damped monochromatic wavefield are compatible with those picked from synthetic data, and our refraction-tomography method can provide initial models for Kirchhoff prestack depth migration.
Fundamentals of the capacitive resistivity technique
Authors: Kuras Oliver , Beamish David , Meldrum Philip I. , Ogilvy Richard D. 
Published: June 2006

Capacitive resistivity (CR) is an emerging geophysical technique designed to extend the scope of the conventional methodology of dc resistivity to environments where galvanic coupling is notoriously difficult to achieve — for example, across engineered structures (roads, pavements), hard rock, dry soil, or frozen ground. Conceptually, CR is based on a four-point array capacitively coupled to the ground. Under certain conditions, capacitive measurements of resistivity are equivalent to those obtained with the dc technique, thus making dc interpretation schemes applicable to CR data. The coupling properties of practical sensor realizations are shown to be a function of their geometrical arrangement. Separate bodies of theory are associated with two complementary but distinct sensor types: the capacitive-line antenna and the plate-wire combination. The use of plate-wire combinations results in localized coupling, which, in conjunction with a quasi-static (low-frequency) formulation of the transfer impedance, provides a valid emulation of the dc measurement with point electrodes. A parametric study of the complex, quasi-static transfer impedance reveals the existence of a restricted range of practical parameters that permits successful operation of CR instruments at low induction numbers. Theory predicts that emulating the dc measurement is compromised if low-induction-number operation is not maintained throughout a survey area, as in a zone of high conductivity. Validation of the theory is achieved using specially designed field-scale experiments carried out with a CR instrument capable of measuring the full complex transfer impedance. At intermediate dipole separations, the results are consistent with the predictions of quasi-static theory. Deviations observed in the near and far separation zones can be explained by geometric effects or the breakdown of quasi-static conditions, respectively. Finally, under suitable conditions the phase-sensitive expression for apparent resistivity as a function of the complex transfer impedance is shown to reduce to the classical dc formula for the in-phase component. CR, while capable of emulating dc resistivity, also can be regarded as a physical complement of the inductively coupled ground-conductivity method.
An Intact N Terminus Is Required for the Anabolic Action of Parathyroid Hormone on Adult Female Rats
Authors: Armamento-Villareal Reina , Ziambaras Konstantinos , Abbasi-Jarhomi S. Hasan , Dimarogonas Andrew , Halstead Linda , Fausto Aurora , Avioli Louis V. , Civitelli Roberto 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
Intermittent administration of parathyroid hormone (PTH) peptides increases bone density in animal and human models of osteoporosis. In vitro studies have demonstrated that PTH analogs lacking the first two amino acids can stimulate cell proliferation in certain cell systems, whereas fragments with an intact N terminus can be antimitogenic. We have tested whether the truncated PTH(3–38) fragment may be a better “anabolic analog” than PTH(1–38) by monitoring bone density and biomechanical properties of the femur in 6-month-old ovariectomized (OVX) rats. Either PTH fragment was administered subcutaneously (8 μg/100 g of body weight) 5 days/week, for 4 weeks, starting 1 week after surgery. During the entire study, untreated OVX rats lost 12.1 ± 4.4% of their initial bone density. PTH(1–38) reversed the initial bone loss, leading to complete restoration of presurgery values after 4 weeks of treatment. Conversely, administration of PTH(3–38) resulted in 13.2 ± 5.8% bone loss, while continuous estrogen infusion (10 μg/kg/day) prevented bone loss but did not reverse it. Sham-operated animals also experienced significant bone loss in the vehicle and PTH(3–38)–treated groups (−4.5 ± 6.7%, and −7.6 ± 2.8%, respectively), whereas a significant gain in bone density (+4.4 ± 5.6%) was observed in the rats treated with PTH(1–38). A bone quality factor (index of strain energy loss) and the impact strength (resistance to fracture) were 25% and 44% lower in femurs explanted from OVX a0nimals treated with either vehicle or PTH(3–38), compared with sham-operated animals. On the contrary, no difference was observed between OVX and control animals after treatment with PTH(1–38), indicating a preservation of the capacity to withstand mechanical stress. Thus, PTH(1–38) counteracts estrogen-dependent loss of mineral density and bone biomechanical properties and increases bone density in estrogen-replete animals. An intact N terminus sequence is necessary for this anabolic action of PTH.