bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The intestinal complications of radiotherapy
Authors: Wellwood J M , Jackson B T 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The clinical features of 38 patients with intestinal complications after radiotherapy are recorded. Intestinal complications are commonly progressive and in this series led to the death of 14 patients (37 per cent). Nine of these patients had no sign of recurrent tumour. ‘Spontaneous’ necrosis of the irradiated bowel and necrosis of intestinal anastomoses after surgical operation carried a particularly high mortality. Only 3 patients (8 per cent) became completely asymptomatic after treatment of their bowel disease. Apparently localized radiation lesions in the small bowel were sometimes associated with severe malabsorption. Radiographs showed distinctive radiological patterns in the small bowel. A combined radiotherapy/surgical follow-up clinic is advocated.
Abdominoscrotal hydrocele
Authors: Tanga M R , Avaradi P R , Gandhi G Mohandas 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Four cases of abdominoscrotal hydrocele presenting within a short span of 5 months are reported. In one of our patients there was associated an incompletely descended testis and this testis had a seminoma. Such an association has not been reported previously. Abdominoscrotal hydrocele may be more common than is generally believed.
A new venous thrombectomy technique
Authors: Kiely P E 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
This paper describes a new technique whereby a specially designed thrombectomy catheter can be passed distally in the venous tract without trauma to or hindrance by the venous valves. The catheter is advanced distally on the end of a guide-wire which has been threaded proximally along the vein to be thrombectomized. The technique enlarges the scope of surgery in relation to deep-vein thrombosis. A possible use in arterial thrombo-embolectomy is discussed.
Carcinoma of the duodenum: Comparison of surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy
Authors: Sakker Samuel , Ware C C 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThree cases of infra-ampullary carcinoma of the duodenum are presented, and in each case the management was different.A new method of reimplantation of the common bile-duct and pancreatic duct is described.One hundred and twenty-six cases from reports in the past decade have been reviewed, and the distribution, sex ratio, clinical features, investigations, management, and prognosis are discussed.In polyposis investigation of the upper gastrointestinal tract is advised.The use of radiotherapy and chemotherapy is discussed and advocated.
The ‘iced-glove’ method of treatment of paraphimosis
Authors: Houghton G R 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A new method of reduction of paraphimosis, using a rubber glove filled with iced water, is described. The method is simple to carry out and causes little discomfort to the patient. Successful reduction was performed in 9 out of 10 eases, often when manual reduction had failed. Reasons for the single failure are put forward, and alternative treatment is suggested for such complicated cases.
Ruptured non-traumatic aneurysms of the descending thoracic aorta
Authors: Brightmore T G J , Drew C E 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Two cases of ruptured non-traumatic aneurysm of the descending thoracic aorta and a third in which rupture was imminent are discussed with regard to two simple operative techniques, both of which were employed with success. Partial aneurysmectomy was employed in one case and a temporary to permanent shunt graft in the other two. The simplicity of the techniques is such that they may be used in hospitals which are not equipped for extracorporeal perfusion.
Pancreatic reflux during operative choledochography
Authors: Cuschieri A , Hughes J Howell 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Reflux of dye into the pancreatic duct was studied during operative choledochography performed in 211 conservative cases undergoing elective cholecystectomy. Reflux occurred with the same frequency whether the dye was injected by hand or by a constantflow electrically driven pump. The outlined pancreatic duct was abnormal in 27 per cent of cases where a pancreatogram was obtained. No association was found between ductal stones and reflux of dye into the common bile-duct. Pancreatic reflux was associated with a low biliary pressure and segmental duodenal activity.
Pyloroplasty versus gastrojejunostomy: Results of a double-blind, randomized, controlled trial
Authors: Kennedy T , Johnston G W , Love A H G , Connell A M , Spencer E F Anne 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A double-blind, randomized, controlled trial of Finney pyloroplasty and gastrojejunostomy, each with selective vagotomy, is reported. There were no operative deaths but 5 patients have subsequently died or have been lost to follow-up, leaving 94 patients, with a mean follow-up time of 3 1/2 years. There has been 1 proven recurrence after gastrojejunostomy and 2 after pyloroplasty, with 1 further suspected recurrence in each group. The clinical grading marginally favoured gastrojejunostomy. There was no significant difference in the incidence of bilious vomiting, dumping, diarrhoea, or other disturbances, but there was a significantly greater increase in bowel frequency after pyloroplasty. Weight changes were similar, and there was no gross anaemia or calcium deficiency in either group. Gastrojejunostomy is reversible and pyloroplasty is not, and therefore we recommend gastrojejunostomy as the drainage procedure of choice when drainage is necessary after vagotomy.
Comparison of two electrolyte solutions for short perfusion and hypothermic storage in experimental renal preservation
Authors: Grenier J F , Dauchel J , Jaeck D , Kachelhoffer J , Stock C 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
In recent years the need for preserving kidneys has become of great importance because of the development of renal transplantation. The most effective and practical method yet described to preserve kidneys outside the body appears to be immersion in a cooled solution combined with initial perfusion. The aim of the present study was to compare two perfusates routinely used in this procedure: Collins solution and Perfudex. A total of 22 kidneys was removed and stored with one of these perfusates and then autotransplanted.
Renal function was monitored by radio-isotope measurements: 197HgCl2 uptake and radio-hippuran renography. An assessment of the histological evidence of renal damage was made on preserved kidneys 3 months after transplantation.
As judged by the results of these investigations the most satisfactory preservation of kidneys was obtained with the Collins solution. The use of this perfusate allows a storage time of 24 hours without decreased function or morphological changes in the kidneys. Other investigators have also confirmed the efficacy of the Collins solution and have provided further evidence for its superiority over conventional perfusates for kidney preservation. The current use of the Collins solution, as now recommended by the France Transplant Association, makes the future of clinical kidney transplantation more hopeful.
Pinworm infestation of the appendix
Authors: Boulos P B , Cowie A G A 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Eight cases of pinworm infestation of the appendix presenting with symptoms simulating acute appendicitis are reported from a study of 293 appendicectomy operations performed at University College Hospital, London, in the past 2 years.
In each case a diagnosis of appendicitis was made on clinical grounds but in 6 patients the appendix was normal histologically.
Symptoms mimicking appendicitis but caused by Enterobius vermicularis infestation merit recognition as a disease process and treatment to eradicate the worm must not be overlooked.
Liver function in the pig: 1. The effects of 30 minutes' normothermic ischaemia
Authors: Battersby C , Hickman Rosemary , Saunders S J , Terblanche John 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A preparation was developed in the pig in which transhepatic samples could be taken, and the duration for which the pig liver would tolerate ischaemia was studied. Total occlusion of the hepatic artery, portal vein and inferior Venn cava was caused after studies of the effects of occlusion of the portal vein or the vena cava alone. Adequate splanchnic decompression was provided by a splenojugular bypass.
Reversible changes were noted in the acid/base status and potassium levels after ischaemia. Aspartate transaminase (SGOT) levels rose and remained elevated during the hour of study following occlusion. Alkaline phosphatase and glucose levels changed but remained within normal laboratory limits, although there appeared to be a release of glucose from the hepatic veins after occlusion. Portal pressure increased reversibly after ischaemia and returned to normal within 1 hour. Bile flow ceased during inflow occlusion and resumed 15 minutes after the release of the clamps.
Can a heterotopically placed segmental liver graft be life-supporting? An affirmative finding
Authors: Maki Takashi , Slapak Maurice 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The feasibility of using a segmental auxiliary liver graft comprising some 40 per cent of the total liver mass fed by the renal vein rather than the portal vein is studied. An autotransplantation technique is described which has the advantage of excluding the problems associated with rejection. Two groups of dogs are investigated in one of which an orthotopically placed segment of liver is also retained. Data are presented which show that a heterotopically placed segment comprising only 40 per cent of the total liver mass can be transplanted heterotopically and in the absence of portal vein influence can maintain animals in good health for months. Furthermore, the presence of an orthotopically situated segment with a normal haemodynamic supply does not inhibit the function of a heterotopic one. The results suggest that in the absence or inhibition of the rejection mechanism heterotopically placed partial liver grafts can function well and be life-supporting.
Preliminary experience of bone scanning with 99mTc-labelled polyphosphate in malignant disease
Authors: Citrin D L , Greig W R , Calder J F , Bessent R G , Tuohy J B , Blumgart L H 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Reliable bone scans were obtained in 70 patients and 17 control subjects using 99mTc-labelled poly- or pyrophosphate with a minimum of patient disturbance.
Using these radiopharmaceuticals and a gamma camera system a practical facility for efficient skeletal imaging is now available for nuclear medicine departments in general hospital practice.
Long-term preservation of fresh viable aortic valve homografts by freezing
Authors: Al-Janabi Nawal , Ross Donald N 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A method of long-term storage of fresh homograft heart valves in liquid nitrogen (−195 °C) is described. The object is to preserve them in a viable state with unchanged structure. Five groups of valves were studied. Viability before and after freezing was assessed quantitatively by the use of autoradiography.
Mitotic activity of the fibroblasts declined at a very slow rate in groups 1, 2, 3 and 4, in which the valves were stored at +4 °C in a nutrient/antibiotic solution for periods between 24 hours and up to 6 weeks before freezing. The percentage of metabolically active fibroblasts declined more rapidly in valves from group 5, in which the valves had been stored for 8 weeks at +4 °C before freezing.
Observations on the pathogenesis of peritoneal adhesions: a light and electron microscopical study
Authors: Milligan D W , Raftery A T 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Observations have been made by light and electron microscopy of the development of peritoneal adhesions in the rat following abdominal surgery. Essentially the changes which occurred were those which are seen in healing by fibrosis, except that in many areas of adhesions numerous eosinophils were observed by electron microscopy. In areas where eosinophils were numerous little proliferation of fibro-blasts was seen. Conversely in sites where fibroplasia and collagen formation were well advanced no eosinophils were seen. The role of the eosinophil in the development of adhesions is discussed and it is suggested that the presence of eosinophiis with their associated anti-histamine activity may hold in check the proliferation of fibroblasts while a new mesothelium is formed and thus prevent adhesion formation.
Aetiology and prevention of wound infection in appendicectomy
Authors: Gilmore O J A , Martin T D M 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A study at the Reading District Hospitals on 451 consecutive patients undergoing appendicectomy through grid-iron incisions sought to determine factors influencing wound infection and the effects of a prophylactic wound-spraying procedure. Wound infection increased with the severity of appendicular inflammation and was well correlated with the degree and nature of bacterial contamination at the time of wound closure.
The infection rate was reduced by about one-half when either an aerosol dry-powder formulation of povidone iodine (Disadine D. P.) or an aerosol antibiotic powder spray containing neomycin, bacitracin and polymixin (Dispray) was sprayed on the wound before and after closure. The reduction of infection achieved by spraying with pouidine iodine was statistically significant (P &lt; 0.025). The results of the polyantibiotic spraying did not quite reach significance (P &lt; 0.06).
The povidone iodine dry powder was better overall since it reduced infection in all degrees of appendicular inflammation, in all age groups and in enlarged, drained, contaminated and non-contaminated wounds without the attendant disadvantages of antibiotics.
Bacteroides bacteriaemia in surgical patients
Authors: Mackenzie Iain , Litton Adrian 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
In a general surgical unit, during a 6-year period between June, 1967, and May, 1973, anaerobic bacteriaemia was noted in 23 patients, of whom 4 had Gram-positive clostridial bacteriaemia. Nineteen patients had Gram-negative Bacteroides species in their blood. In these patients the infection appeared to have come from bacteria that were normal commensals of the patients' gastro-intestinal tracts. The use of antibiotics to which Bacteroides species were resistant may have suppressed more invasive bacteria, allowing the selective proliferation of bacteroides.
Diverticulitis and ulcerative colitis
Authors: Bates T , Kaminsky V 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The association of diverticulitis and acute ulcerative colitis is uncommon but carries a high mortality. Four cases are described with diverticular disease who developed fulminating ulcerative colitis. The double diagnosis was not initially recognized in any of these cases and in 2 the diagnosis of ulcerative colitis was only made at laparotomy.
Three of the 4 patients died following surgical treatment and the difficulties of their diagnosis and management are discussed. It is suggested that sigmoidoscopic examination before emergency bowel surgery is important.
The variable course of primary hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Davidson A R , Tomlinson S , Calne R Y , Williams Roger 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Analysis of the clinical course in 85 patients with histologically proved primary hepatocellular carcinoma showed that 73 followed the classic pattern of the disease with a rapid onset and a quick demise. Howeoer, in I2 patients the course was longer in that the duration of illness was over 2 years. This was largely accounted for by the duration of symptoms prior to diagnosis. No clinical differences could be discerned between these 12 patients and the other 73, and survival once diagnosis had been made was no different. The frequency of an underlying cirrhosis in the whole series was 58 per cent. The course of these patients differed in no way from those without cirrhosis except that the age hepatocellular carcinoma presented was older. One patient who received no specific therapy lived for 4 years from the time of diagnosis, and in each of the treatment groups there were occasional patients surviving for several years.
Amoebic liver abscess: Syndromes of ‘pre-rupture’ and intraperitoneal rupture
Authors: Ramachandran S , Goonatillake H D 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
There appears to be no constant relationship between the modes of clinical presentation and the varying pathological processes in patients with amoebic liver abscesses who present with or develop the abdominal manifestations suggestive of peritonitis. In a proportion of the patients (37 per cent)there is no evidence of a leakage from or rupture of the abscess. In spite of the abdominal manifestations there is no pus, either localized or generalized, in the peritoneal cavity. These patients constitute the group with the syndrome of ‘pre-rupture’. The cases with ‘pre-rupture’ invariably have superficial abscesses situated in the right lobe of the liver, together with fibrinous adhesions between the visceral and parietal peritoneum over the abscess site. It appears that the hepatic lesion responsible for the syndrome is at a stage just prior to leakage or frank rupture of the abscess. The pathogenesis of the syndrome is discussed and valuable physical signs in the diagnosis of the syndrome are described. By recognizing the existence of this syndrome a laparotomy could be avoided, as closed aspiration of the liver abscess and amoebicidal therapy are the only measures necessary in the management of these patients.
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
Authors: Liguory C , Gouerou H , Chavy A , Coffin J C , Huguier M 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Direct non-operative injection of radio-opaque material through a cannula introduced at the duodenal papilla by means of a fibre-optic duodenoscope achieved opacification of the bile ducts, the pancreatic duct or the entire biliary pancreatic ductal system in 392 (89 per cent) of 439 patients in whom it was attempted. The desired ducts were opacified in 75 per cent of cases; the bile ducts in 206 out of 278 and the pancreatic duct in 120 out of 161 cases. The anatomical conditions found were: long common biliary pancreatic channel, 30 per cent; short common biliary pancreatic channel, 28per cent; two orifices in the hepatopancreatic ampulla, 24 per cent; two orifices on the duodenal papilla, 18 per cent; two orifices on the duodenum, there being no papilla, less than I per cent. Morbidity resulting from the procedure consisted of infectious reactions in 20 out of 295 patients in whom the bile ducts were opacified and hyperamylasaemia and abdominal pain in 28 out of 300 patients in whom the pancreatic duct was opacified. The method is of value in diagnosing the cause of cholestatic jaundice. In non-jaundiced subjects it may complement or clarify inconclusive cholangiograms or cholecystograms obtained by other techniques. If it shows dilated bile ducts operation should not be delayed, otherwise there is a risk of cholangitis. Pancreatic carcinoma may be revealed by stenosis, partial or total, of the pancreatic duct or by filling defects in the pancreatic parenchyma. Both chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic carcinoma may cause partial stenosis of the pancreatic duct. A filiform appearance of the pancreatic duct suggests chronic pancreatitis.
Renal hydatid disease
Authors: Ramus N I , Mitchell J P 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Despite the well-recognized danger of scolices seeding into the peritoneal cavity or even into the wound as a result of spill occurring during operative removal of a hydatid cyst, the mucosal lining of the bronchial tree appears to resist these scolices which are frequently coughed up when a hydatid of the lung ruptures. Similarly, scolices were seen in large numbers in the urine of a patient whose renal hydatid had ruptured into three calices, and yet there is no evidence of seeding on the urothelium within I5 months of follow-up.
Preliminary report on the comparative use of lyophilized homograft and xenograft in the closure of raw areas
Authors: Hackett M , Bowen J 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Lyophilized allograft and xenograft appear to be equally effective for the temporary cover of raw areas1.
Lyophilized allograft has the disadvantage of occasionally separating into two layers when removed. One layer can easily be missed and inhibit the take of a subsequent autograft.
Lyophilized xenograft is easier to handle and more easily available. In spite of the many advantages shown to be associated with this method of treatment, it is still virtually unused in Great Britain and in many other parts of the world.
Postoperative chest infection
Authors: Presley A P , Alexander-Williams J 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Postoperative chest infection occurred in 65 of 200 patients, 100 of whom had biliary disease and 100 duodenal ulcer. As might be expected the incidence of chest infection was significantly higher in males, in those with duodenal ulcer, in industrial workers and those with preoperative chest symptoms, particularly if they smoked. Contrary to what might be expected it was not significantly higher in smokers in general, obese patients and those having longer operations. Although the incidence is high in the 40–60 age group it is not directly related to age. There appears to be a seasonal variation.
Hyperinfection with Strongyloides stercordis in Great Britain
Authors: Royle G , Fraser-Moodie A , Jones M Wansbrough 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A Jamaican who had been in England for 13 years was successfully treated for hyperinfection with the nematode Strongyloides stercoralis. She presented as an emergency with acute abdominal pain, developed paralytic ileus and responded well to a long course of thiabendazole. A review of the literature revealed reports of 3 other cases of hyperinfection in Great Britain, all of whom had died, 2 afrer laparotomy.
Effect of allopurinol on tissue ATP, ADP and AMP concentrations in renal ischaemia
Authors: Cunningham S K , Keaveny T V , Fitzgerald P 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The effect of allopurinol on the concentrations of ATP, ADP and AMP in rat kidneys during ischaemia and postischaemic recovery was studied. Significantly higher concentrations of ATP, ADP and AMP were maintained in the allopurinol-treated animals as compared with the control animals during ischaemic and postischaemic recovery.
Penetrating injuries of the heart
Authors: Rasaretnam Rudra , Paul A T S 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Thirty consecutive patients with penetrating cardiac wounds were treated surgically during a period of 6.5 years. There were 6 deaths, giving a survival rate of 80 per cent. Delay in undertaking repair was associated with a friable myocardium. Cardiac arrest, either before or during operation, occurred in 5 patients, 4 of whom subsequently died. Left ventricular wounds were associated with a higher mortality than those affecting the right ventricle. Perforating cardiac injuries had a mortality of 43 per cent in comparison with 13 per cent for penetrating injuries. Coexistent intraperitoneal injuries were present in 4 patients, 2 of whom underwent successful repair.
Traditional treatment of 194 cases of tetanus
Authors: Busuttil Anthony , Pace John B , Muscat Joseph A 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A retrospective survey of tetanus was undertaken for the decade 1957–66 in the Maltese islands. The 194 cases of tetanus reported were treated solely along the conservative lines of sedation, antitoxin and antibiotics. The mortality rate of 22 per cent for the whole series compares favourably with that from other centres. Intermittent positive pressure respiration and complete muscular relaxation are essential in order to decrease further the mortality from severe tetanus, although traditional treatment is still deemed to be very valuable in the milder forms of the disease.