bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Palliative treatment of neuroendocrine tumors
Authors: McKinnon J. Gregory 
Published: February 2007

AbstractEffective palliation of patients with incurable neuroendocrine tumors requires both control of hormonal overproduction symptoms as well as control of tumor growth. Several important advances have been made in recent years toward these two goals. Octreotide and omeprazole have both been extremely effective in ameliorating hormonal symptoms of carcinoids, islet cell tumors and medullary thyroid carcinoma. Newer cytotoxic chemotherapy regimens and interferon have increased response rates over traditional therapy. More aggressive surgical extirpation of metastatic disease has also been beneficial.
Anesthesia considerations for pediatric cancer
Authors: McDowall Robert H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe multidisciplinary approach to the care of children with cancer demands an understanding of all aspects of its treatment. Recognition of potential anatomic and physiologic derangements which may result from specific types of malignancy allows optimal preoperative preparation. Understanding the anesthetic implications of cancer chemotherapy, irradiation and surgery, and the medical complications which result, is essential. The anesthesiologist is involved in critical perioper‐ative issues during surgical resection in the operating room, but just as importantly plays a crucial role in a variety of procedures performed in remote locations. An awareness of special problems related to cancer and its treatment allows optimal anesthesia care while dealing with such issues as radical surgery, organ system failure, acute and chronic pain, and terminal illness.
Current management of Wilms' tumor
Authors: Ritchey Michael L. , Haase Gerald M. , Shochat Stephen 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMost children with Wilms' tumor can now expect remarkably good survival. Current protocols have placed greater emphasis on reducing the morbidity of treatment for low‐risk patients reserving intensive treatment for selected high‐risk patients. This review addresses recent advances and current recommendations for the treatment of nephroblastoma. Controversial issues regarding the surgical management of these children are also discussed.
Nonrhabdomyosarcoma in children: Prognostic factors influencing survival
Authors: Rao Bhaskar N. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn approximately 90% of children with nonrhabdo soft tissue sarcoma (NRSTS) local control can be obtained by either surgery alone or with supplemental radiation. The disease‐free survival is, however, only about 50%. To determine factors influencing overall survival, we undertook a retrospective review of the 154 children with NRSTS. We used the American Joint Committee on Cancer staging system (1988), using invasiveness, size, and a Pediatric Oncology Group grading system. Using this system we documented that 72 (46%) were noninvasive (T1) lesions. Of these 72 patients 50 (70%) were ≤ 5 cm A, and only 9 (18%) had G3 lesions. Overall 7/72 (10%) have died. In contrast to the 82 patients with invasive (T2) lesions, 65 (79%) were > 5 cm (B), with approximately 80% G3. Of all T2 lesions, 56/82 were G3 (65%). Here, overall 58/82 (70%) have died, primarily because 49/58 had G3 lesions. Important prognostic factors include primarily G3 lesion 52/71 (73%) mortality, as compared to 13/83 (15%), G1‐2 dying. Children with invasive lesions tended to have larger tumors, 50/65, most of which were higher grades. We feel that patients with histologic grade G3 and T2 lesions should be enrolled in effective chemotherapy protocols.
Changing role of surgery in childhood lymphomas
Authors: Ternberg Jessie L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe use of combinations of chemo‐ and radiotherapy have decreased the need for surgical staging of Hodgkin's disease. The goal of decreasing therapy while maintaining cure rates, however, recreates a need for staging. Attempts are being made to devise criteria to decrease the need for surgical staging or to decrease the extent of the procedure. Non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma requires adequate tissue samples for analysis, for example, for immunophenotyping to determine treatment. Surgical resection in non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma is inadequate for treatment but may be helpful. Debulking, however, is no longer recommended.
Geographic pathology of gastric dysplasia in China
Authors: Zhang Yin‐Chang 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSix hundred seventeen cases of gastric dysplasia were studied morphologically and were grouped histogenetically into adenomatous, cryptal, regenerative, and globoid dysplasias. The characteristics and their relationships with various histological types of gastric carcinoma were analysed as well. Twenty‐four cases of gastric dysplasia showed malignant change, which was most commonly seen in regenerative dysplasia in five high‐incidence areas of gastric dysplasia in China. The causative factors of gastric dysplasia, especially regenerative dysplasia, were analysed in terms of foodstuffs and eating habits of the local inhabitants. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Identification and classification of serosal invasion, as it relates to cancer cell shedding and surgical treatment in gastric cancer
Authors: Chen Junqing , Liu Qinghua 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSurgery to the extent of R+ 1 [gastric resection plus removal of group 1 lymph nodes (N1) and part of group 2 lymph nodes (N2)] is adequate for cancer confined to the mucosa when the serosa is normal, while operation at the R2 level is adequate for cancer confined to the submucosa (SM) or the muscularis propria (PM) when the serosa is of the reactive type. As the status of serosal involvement advances from normal to reactive, nodular, tendonoid and colour diffused, the lymph node metastatic rate soars and the 5‐year survival rate declines in that order.There were no peritoneally shed cancer cells in cases with normal or reactive serosa over the lesion. Shed cancer cells increased significantly when the serosal involvement exceeded 30 cm2.The 2‐year survival rate of the patients who had serosal involvement increased by 23.1% when peritoneal lavage with 43d̀C distilled water was done. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
High‐dose mitomycin C‐containing regimens in the treatment of advanced gastric cancer
Authors: Jin Maolin , Yang Boqin , Zhang Wei , Wang Yanmeng 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn 136 patients (115 males and 21 females) with advanced gastric cancer confirmed histologically, a regimen of high‐dose mitomycin C plus tegafur or UFT was administered. Dosage of agents used and schedules were as follows: MMC 20 mg i.v. once a week up to a total of 60 mg, followed either by tegafur 600 mg/day p.o. to a total dosage of 20‐40 g, or by UFT 450 mg/day p.o., to a total dosage of 30 g. Patients' ages ranged from 24 to 75 years. Of this series, 70 patients were deemed inoperable, 21 patients underwent nonradical surgical operation, and the other 45 patients had postoperative recurrent disease. Of the 136 patients, 78 achieved complete tumour remission (CR) (21/136) and partial remission (PR) (57/136), yielding a response rate of 57.4%. The median duration of remission and survival was 5.2 (range 2‐16 + ) and 10.1 (range 3‐48 +) months. The main side effects were leukopenia and thrombocytopenia. None of these patients had liver or kidney function damage. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Continuous hyperthermic peritoneal perfusion with cisplatin in mice with peritoneal dissemination of B16 melanoma
Authors: Okuyama Toshiro , Endo Kazuya , Maehara Yoshihiko , Baba Hideo , Oshiro Tatsuo , Adachi Yosuke , Sugimachi Keizo 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe designed a model of peritoneal dissemination of gastric cancer in mice. B16 melanoma cells were injected into the peritoneal cavity of C57 BL mice, the object being to search for an effective treatment for peritoneal dissemination, using hyperthermia combined with cisplatin.Following the intraperitoneal administration of tumor cells, each mouse was subjected to continuous hyperthermic peritoneal perfusion (CHPP) using the peritoneal cavity expander (PCE), with or without cisplatin in the perfusate under conditions of laparotomy. Effects of the therapy were evaluated, based on comparison of survival time between the control and treated groups.There was no prolongation of mean survival periods for the groups given CHPP, with or without cisplatin, compared to findings in the no treatment control group. Optimal timing and doses of hyperthermia and cisplatin, or adding biochemical modulators to enhance the effects of cisplatin, will need to be determined to increase the efficacy of CHPP, with or without the concomitant administration of cisplatin. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hereditary ovarian carcinoma
Authors: Gallion Holly H. , Smith Simon A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractOvarian cancer is the leading cause of death from gynecologic cancer in the united states. Although the etiology of ovarian cancer is unknown, a number of factors including advancing age, nulliparity and environmental factors have traditionally been related to risk. More recently, genetic predisposition has been recognized as a strong risk factor for ovarian cancer. Three distinct hereditary syndromes have been identified: (1) breast‐ovarian cancer syndrome, (2) hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer, and (3) site‐specific ovarian cancer. The mode of inheritance in these families is autosomal dominant with transmission occurring through either the maternal or paternal line. The breast‐ovarian and site‐specific ovarian cancer family syndrome have been linked to a gene on chromosome 17q that is called brca1. However, no simple genetic test can identify women at high risk of the disease. For this reason, genetic counseling, education and surveillance with currently available screening techniques should be made available to women at high risk of ovarian cancer by virtue of their family history. In selected individuals, prophylactic oophorectomy may be warranted. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Primary chemotherapy of epithelial ovarian carcinoma
Authors: Omura George A. , Siller Barry S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis review provides a perspective on primary chemotherapeutic approaches in epithelial ovarian cancer. Chemotherapy is not recommended in grade 1 or 2 stage i‐a or b. In other early‐stage cases, postoperative melphalan or intraperitoneal radioactive phosphorus remain standard of care, even though these treatments have not been shown in a randomized fashion to be superior to no further treatment. The role of platinum‐based chemotherapy in the same subgroup is currently under study.Despite the introduction of cisplatin, leading to significantly improved response rates, responses have usually been brief in stage iii and iv cases with only a modest impact on overall survival and little improvement in long‐term survival. Systemic intensification with cisplatin has been difficult secondary to more toxicity and with no consistent improvement in survival. Intraperitoneal chemotherapy is being evaluated as a component of initial management.Recently a new drug, taxol, has been introduced; although it has not been a cure‐all, taxol will presumably become part of the primary chemotherapy of ovarian cancer in the 1990s. Issues of optimal dosing and combinations with taxol are being addressed. The combination of taxol and cisplatin appears promising. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, inc.
Diagnostic procedures and pretreatment evaluation of soft tissue sarcomas
Authors: Arca Marjorie J. , Sondak Vernon K. , Chang Alfred E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe diagnosis and preoperative evaluation of patients with a suspected soft tissue sarcoma involve several important considerations to ensure optimal treatment outcomes. Biopsy techniques must involve the retrieval of adequate tissue to establish the histologic diagnosis and grade of the tumor without compromising the subsequent definitive surgical resection. CT or MRI techniques represent the gold standard to evaluate the local extent of disease which is necessary to ascertain surgical resectability and/or the need for radiation therapy. CT scanning of the lungs is mandated for all patients with sarcomas to evaluate for metastatic disease and, for patients with abdominal or re‐troperitoneal tumors, scanning of the liver should also be included. Accurate staging of these patients will help define overall survival. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pathologic classification of soft tissue sarcomas
Authors: Frable William J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA number of immunological markers and chromosomal abnormalities are described to aid in the diagnosis, prognosis and management of soft tissue sarcomas. Although the chromosomal abnormalities may be specific in some cases, they have only been reported in small series or single cases and their significance has not yet been established. None of the immunological markers described is either entirely specific or sensitive for a particular tumor type, and virtually none of these immunological reagents is currently approved for diagnostic use despite their widespread applications in pathology. They function in a supporting role to conventional tissue pathology, grading, and pathological and clinical staging of soft tissue sarcomas. Antibodies employed as an aid in diagnosis of soft tissue tumors should always be run in panels and never as single tests. New immunological markers and chromosomal abnormalities in soft tissue sarcomas should be carefully evaluated for their specificity and sensitivity and their usefulness in diagnosis and prognosis. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Diagnostic markers of prostate cancer: Utility of prostate‐specific antigen in diagnosis and staging
Authors: Lee Cheryl T. , Oesterling Joseph E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe optimal tumor marker for prostate cancer would be effective for early detection, staging, and monitoring patients after definitive treatment. This marker would have a high sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value for distinguishing men with benign prostatic hy‐perplasia (BPH) from men with early prostate cancer. Such a marker would consistently detect biologically significant disease, correlate with clinical and pathologic staging, and predict prognosis. In addition, this marker would be accurate at indicating cure or progression of disease after treatment. Certainly, the ideal marker also would be reproducible, inexpensive, generate results rapidly, be easy to perform, be accessible to clinicians, and tolerable to patients. Unfortunately, such a “super” marker does not exist at this time. However, prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) has many of the aforementioned capabilities. This article will describe the current utility of PSA in the diagnosis and staging of prostate cancer. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Southwest oncology group strategies in prostatic carcinoma
Authors: Crawford E. David , Hussain Maha , Deantoni Edward P. , Thompson Ian M. , Eisenberger Mario A. , Blumenstein Brent , Coltman Charles A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe Southwest Oncology Group Genitourinary Committee evolved in 1978 from a combined gynecologie‐urologie cancer committee. A significant catalyst in this development was the growing interest in prosta‐tic carcinoma, with an initial focus on hormone refractory disease. Clinical studies have expanded into combined androgen blockade, untreated metastatic disease and localized prostate cancer. Since 1978, more than forty trials in prostatic carcinoma have been conducted. Currently, seven are in progress or under development. Conclusions and future directions are reviewed. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pylorus‐preserving pancreatoduodenectomy for carcinoma of the pancreas
Authors: Leslie Kenneth A. , Rossi Ricardo L. , Hepp Juan 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPatients with carcinoma of the pancreas continue to be associated with a poor outcome, with surgical resection representing the only possibility of cure. The classic operation described by Whipple in 1935 has undergone many modifications with Traverso and Long‐mire reintroducing preservation of the pylorus in an attempt to decrease the sequelae from the gastrectomy and improve nutritional outcome. Since 1979, the Lahey Clinic has performed pylorus‐preserving pancreatoduodenectomy for the management of pancreatic and periampullary tumors as long as the duodenal margin is free of tumor and the antropyloric area appears viable. This article reviews the pattern of pancreatic tumor spread and the margins frequently involved with tumor. The management of distal biliary obstruction, our technique of pylorus‐preserving pancreatoduodenectomy and our results of 106 pylorus‐preserving pancreatoduode‐nectomies for pancreatic and periampullary carcinoma are discussed. We feel that pylorus‐preserving pancreatoduodenectomy can achieve results as a cancer operation similar to the standard Whipple operation while eliminating the side effects related to gastric resection and improve the nutritional status of the patient. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Treatment of advanced pancreatic cancer with regional chemotherapy plus hemofiltration
Authors: Muchmore James H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSince 1989, 32 patients with advanced, inoperable pancreatic cancer were treated with regional chemotherapy in combination with ex‐tracorporeal hemofiltration. Eleven patients presented to diagnosis with locally advanced, inoperable cancer; and ten, in addition to their primary, had liver metastases. Three patients had recurrent liver metastases following a curative Whipple procedure. One patient had an incomplete resection with local residual disease, and a second had recurred locally following a curative resection. One patient came to diagnosis with an unresectable cystadenocarcinoma. Five patients had failed prior chemoradiotherapy and/or immunotherapy.The patients underwent 83 cycles of regional chemotherapy plus hemofiltration, an average of 2.6 treatments per patient. Amongst 21 patients treated primarily with regional chemotherapy plus hemofiltration, two patients had complete responses (9%) and eight had partial responses (38%)—an overall total response rate of 47%. The average survival for patients with Stage II / III localized, inoperable disease is 13 months and that for Stage IV disease with only liver metastases is 9 months. Patients with recurrent disease following a curative procedure or having failed prior systemic therapies had little response from regional chemotherapy plus hemofiltration. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, inc.
Therapeutic implications of prognostic factors in differentiated carcinoma of the thyroid gland
Authors: Loree Thom R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractDifferentiated thyroid carcinoma is a relatively indolent disease. Despite the usually favorable prognosis, differentiated thyroid cancer is fatal in some patients. In the past, treatment strategies were often based upon incomplete knowledge or inaccurate assumptions regarding the significance of the presenting characteristics of the tumor and patient. More recently, several large retrospective reviews have analyzed various presenting factors and have identified those that have prognostic significance and those that do not. Significant prognostic factors are age, primary tumor size, histology, grade, local tumor extension, and M stage. N stage appears to be a significant factor in older patients but not in younger patients. Gender, focality, and a history of prior irradiation are not significant prognostic factors. Using this knowledge, patients can be grouped into low, intermediate, and high risk groups.Prognostic factor and risk group analysis has facilitated the development of more rational treatment algorithms. Low risk patients can usually be treated with lobectomy and suppression therapy. For high risk patients, total thyroidectomy and adjuvant radioiodine is advocated. Treatment for patients in the intermediate risk group should be individualized. Prognostic factor and risk group analysis makes a selective approach to differentiated thyroid cancer possible. Such an approach can spare many patients the morbidity and expense of unnecessarily aggressive treatment without compromising outcome. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dynamics of a free phase boundary in an infinite bar with variable cross‐sectional area
Authors: Gavrilov S.N. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe dynamic processes in an elastic bar composed of a material, which is capable of undergoing phase transitions, are under consideration. We use a model of an elastic body with non‐convex strain energy potential. The admissible motions of the phase boundary along the bar are sought for. It is assumed that the phase boundary moves at a variable speed. The motion is caused by a non‐equilibrium initial condition for the phase boundary position. We obtain an analytical non‐self‐similar solution of the problem and investigate its properties. The results obtained in the framework of this full dynamic approach are compared with the results obtained in the framework of the kinetic (quasi‐static) approach.
Description of rotational molecular spectra by means of an approach based on rational mechanics
Authors: Ivanova E.A. , Krivtsov A.M. , Zhilin P.A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn majority of publications the spectrum of diatomic molecules in far infrared spectral area is described as a purely quantum phenomenon, and the spectrum in near infrared spectral area is described by means of using a semi‐classical approach. In our work an attempt to describe the both spectra from mechanical point of view is presented. The approach is based on accounting of the inertia properties of an interatomic bond. In such approach a potential of interaction between atoms in a molecule is defined by a set of partial differential equations. Good agreement with known experimental data in far infrared spectral area and a qualitative explanation of a thin structure of a resonant peak in the near infrared spectral area is obtained.
Extended non‐linear relations of elastic shells undergoing phase transitions
Authors: Pietraszkiewicz W. , Eremeyev V. , Konopińska V. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe non‐linear theory of elastic shells undergoing phase transitions was proposed by two first authors in J. Elast. 79, 67–86 (2004). In the present paper the theory is extended by taking into account also the elastic strain energy density of the curvilinear phase interface as well as the resultant forces and couples acting along the interface surface curve itself. All shell relations are found from the variational principle of stationary total potential energy. In particular, we derive the extended natural continuity conditions at coherent and/or incoherent surface curves modelling the phase interface. The continuity conditions allow one to establish the final position of the interface surface curve after the phase transition. The results are illustrated by an example of a phase transition in an infinite plate with a central hole.