bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of Hirschsprung Disease and Bilateral Preaxial Polydactyly
Authors: Madokoro Harumichi , Ohdo Shozo , Sonoda Tohru , Hayakawa Kunio 
Published: October 2007

AbstractTwo cases with association of Hirschsprung disease and preaxial polydactyly occurring in siblings were reported.The proband was a female infant examined on the 12th day after birth. Major findings were as follows: growth retardation, mild microcephaly, rightanophthalmia, left exophthalmus associated with double disk and coloboma choroidae, ocular hypotelorism, cleft lip and palate, and bilateral preaxial polydactyly. CT scan of the brain revealed agenesis of the corpus callosum and atrophy of the cerebral cortex.Autopsy revealed alobar holoprosencephaly and agenesis of the corpus callosum, right optic nerve and olfactory nerve. Aganglionosis of the rectumwas noted at a site 10 cm from the anus.When her brother was born, bilateral preaxial polydactyly was found. He had Hirschsprung disease as well.
A Comparative Study on the Epidemiology of IDDM Between Japan, Norway, Israel and the United States
Authors: Kitagawa Teruo , Fujita Hidehiro , Hibi Itsuro , Aagenaes ØYstein , Laron Zvi , Laporte Ronald E. , Tajima Noriko , Drash Allan L. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractJapn, Norway, Israel and the United States have studied have studied the epidemiology of IDDM in children by a similar method of data collection. Afterwards, the data were compared. Available data demonstrated that children in Norway, the United States and Israel were almost 20,15 and 5 times more likely respectively to develop IDDM than children in Japan. Although there was a samll difference in sex ratio, incidence in the smaller age group, and incidence of slowly progressing type IDDM between Japan and the other three countries, the other descriptive epidemiology of IDDM was quite similar, despite the large difference in the incidence and prevalence of IDDM.Therefore, it seems that the difference in the incidence would not be primarily environmental and could be related to the number of individuals susceptible to diabetes. It was hypothesized that the difference in incidence may be linked to the difference in prevalence of HLA type among the children in those four countries. However, it cannot be fully explained nby HLA difference. Other genetic markers associated with the developing IDDM musrt be evaluated.
Pittsburgh Diabetes Mellitus Study: Studies on the Etiology of Insulin‐Dependent Diabetes Mellitus with Special Reference to Viral Infections
Authors: Drash Allan , Cavender Druie , Atchison Robert , Becker Dorothy , Eberhardt Mark , Laporte Ronald , Kuller Lewis , Orchard Trevor , Rabin Bruce , Wagener Diane 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe etiology of IDDM remains incompletely understood, with genetic predisposition, autoimmune destruction of the beta cells and viral infections interacting to produce disease. It appear that the underlying genetic defect is an alteration in cellular and/or humorally‐mediated immunological responsiveness. There are at least two (and probably more) genetically determined defects identified by HLA B‐8 (DR3) and B‐ 15 (DR4). A number of viruses have been implicated in IDDM causation, including Coxsackie, mumps, rubella, Epstein‐Barr, hepatitis and influenza viruses, but in only a few cases is viral etiology fully documented. Viral infections may trigger autoimmunity. Alterations in immunoglobulin concentration, particularly IgA deficiency, have been reported by several investigators. Collaborative prospective studies of individuals at high risk for the development of IDDM (siblings with HLA identical to the index case) are essential in the future study of IDDM etiology.
The Role of Excercise in the Metabolic Control of Juvenile Diabetes
Authors: Larsson Yngve 
Published: October 2007

AbstractExercise has a beneficial metabolic effect in diabetic children and adolescents only when they are in good metabolic control with optimal insulin administration. In insulin‐deficient patients exercise may seriously aggravate the diabetic state. The physical working capacity of young diabetics is often lower than that of non‐diabetic children. Their physical fitness can be improved by regular training programs.Exercise‐induced hypoglycemia is due to suppression of hepatic glucose output in response to an abnormal insulinemia. It can as a rule be prevented by a liberal carbohydrate intake before and during the exercise period. On a long‐term basis regular physical activity improves diabetic control in young diabetics, increases glucose tolerance and normalizes blood lipids. Regular physical activity increases diabetics' sense of well‐being, gives self‐confidence and makes feelings of being handicapped disappear. Exercise may contribute topreventing the development of long‐term diabetic microangiopathy andneuropathy. However, when such complications once have become manifest, the value of exercise is less obvious. It may even be harmful and should therefore, in such situations, be undertaken with great caution and after careful medical evaluation.
Indications for Plasma Exchange and Other Immunosuppressive Theraphy at the Onset of IDDM
Authors: Ludvigsson Johnny 
Published: October 2007

Abstract>Several facts indicate that immunological mechanisms are involved in the etiology of insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. As there usually is an important residual beta cell function at the time of diagnosis, the destructive process should be stopped. Different kinds of immunosuppressive therapy have been tried. A review is made concluding that especially Cyclosporin A‐treatment has given promising preliminary short‐term results. However, the side effects cannot be neglected and the follow‐up is short. It is therefore recommended that the results of ongoing studies are reported before new studies are started. Plasmapheresis has also given some positive results. Both the removal of plasma from the patients and supply of plasma from healthy donors may contribute to the effect. Further studies are needed before any recommendations for clinical use can be given.
Theoretical and Practical Application of Non‐Enzymatic Glycosylationin Diabetes
Authors: Greenberg Robert E. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractDuring heating or prolonged storage of food, a brown color results, in the presence of reducing sugars. This browning of foods (i.e. Maillard reaction) results from a direct non‐enzymatic reaction between free amino groups in proteins and reducing sugars, and results in a decrease in nutritional availability of lysine. Non‐enzymatic glycosylation occurs with proteins in vivo, is increased in diabetic subjects, and is dependent on concentrations of both proteins and sugars, turnover rates of proteins and accessibility of proteins to sugars. Functional changes have been demonstrated to occur in an increasing variety of proteins as a consequence of non‐enzymatic glycosylation. Thus, aberrant function has been suggested with serum albumin, neural tubulin, collagen, low density lipoproteins, fibrin, lens crystallins following glucosylation.
Complications of Type‐1 Diabetes Mellitus in Japanese Children—A Nationwide Study
Authors: Hibi Isturo , Tanae Ayako , Kitagawa Teruo , Isshiki Gen , Tsuchiya Hiroshi , Matsuura Nobuo , Maruyama Hiroshi 
Published: October 2007

AbstractIn a nationwide cross‐sectional study of Japanese type‐1 diabetics, whose disease had manifested itself before the age of 18, we found (1) the long‐term outcome of childhood diabetes to be very poor, (2) the prevalence of microvascular complications to be stronly related to the age of the patients and the duration of diabetes, and (3) the prevalence of retinopathy to be dependent on the degree of diabetic control. Of 90 diabetics born before 1955, 7 had died, 71 had retinopathy of which 36 were proliferative, 47 had cataracts, 12 were blind, 44 had nephropathy, 42 had neuropathy, and 18 had hypertension. Retinopathy was present in 1.8% under the age of 12, in 8.3% from the age of 13 to 16, in 22.1% between the age of 17 to 20, and in 52.5% over the age of 20. A comparison between age‐matched subgroups with and without retinopathy showed that the percentages of patients who were cooperative, with good control and without hyperlipidemia were higher in the group having no retinopathy than in the other.
Analysis of Social‐Professional Outocome of Insulin‐Dependent Diabetic Patients
Authors: Francois Rene , Asenjo‐Ramis Sylvia , Kammerman Rrancois , Gillet Peirre , Kressman Jean 
Published: October 2007

AbstractAmong our 1,000 diabetic patients observed between 195 1 and 1983, we followed up 394 diabetic patients, whose disease started before 18 years of age and who at time of study were older than 18 years. Their social‐professional status, classified into six categories, was compared with that of the active population of the Rh6ne‐Alpes region (France). The CHI 2 statistical test was used.Of the diabetic population, 41.9% are in the highest social‐professional groups (4, 5, 6) against 26%in the reference population; which is a highly significant difference (p < O.OOl), independently of the age at onset of IDDM. The comparison of the social‐professional status of the diabetic population of masculine sex with that of their father and nondiabetic brothers shows a greater number of diabetic persons in the highest categories: 49.75% against 39.63% and 49.75% against 41.95% respectively.There is a special attraction for medical and para‐medical professions among diabetic people.Finally there is no more absenteeism among the diabetic population than among the reference population but the unemployed percentage is discreetly higher.
The Effects of Anti‐Thymus Serum on Embryonic Development in the Rat
Authors: Miyata Koichiro , Jitosho Tamotsu , Tachikura Junko , Haraguchi Tsutomu , Suenaga Shinji 
Published: October 2007

AbstractPregnant Wistar rats were injected with rabbit anti‐rat‐thymus serum (ATS) alone or in combination with rabbit anti‐rat‐heart serum (AHS). The results showed that the percentage of malformation was low (5.7 to 7.5%) when doses over 0.6 ml/100 g of ATS were administered; resorption was 23.2 to 28.4%. However, the incidence of malformations markedly increased to 28.9% when a dose (0.9 ml/100 g) of ATS was given on day 9 of gestation followed by 0.9 ml/100 g of AHS on day 10. The resorption and cardiovascular malformations were 39.7% and 10.5%, respectively. These results suggest that ATS potentiates teratogenicity in combination with AHS, though hypoplasia of thymus was not observed.
Hypermethioninemia Associated with Hepatic Methionine Adenosyltransferase Deficiency: Report of Two Cases
Authors: Hase Yutaka , Sawada Yoshitomo , Tsuruhara Tsuneo , Kobayashi Yoji , Ohtake Harumi , Miyagi Tomiko , Oura Toshiaki , Suzuki Yoshimi , Wada Toshiro 
Published: October 2007

AbstractIn two patients with persistent hypermethioninemia who were detected in a neonatal mass‐screening program, hepatic methionine adenosyltransferase activity was found to be low, at 22.7% and 8.3% of the normal child control value. They did not have homocystinuria, cystathioninuria, liver dysfunction or myopathy. Electron microscopy of liver specimens showed large and small irregular‐shaped mitochondria, frequent giant mitochondria, increased smooth endoplasmic reticulum and decreased rough endoplasmic reticulum. Their motor and mental development were normal at the ages of 7 and 5 years respectively.
Metabolism: Galactosemia (Transferase Deficiency)
Authors: Donnell George N. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractGalactose, a hexose Sugar, is a Constituent of many foodstuffs. It is present in most animals milks and represents a major source of calories for infants. Galactose provides a sources of energy through its converstion to glucose‐1‐containing compounds in the body.Inherited deficiency states have been described for all steps in the major pathway of galactose metabolism. Galatose‐1‐phosphate uridyl transferase (transferse) deficiency is the most commonly encontered. It has an incidence of approximately 1:60,000 and it is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait. The clinical consequence of the biochemical defecst appears early in life and usually is severe. Vomiting, diarrhea, jundice, hepatomegaly, renal tublar abnormalities, cataracts and mental retardation are some of the majour clinical features. Untreated, mortality rate is high.Treatment is readily accomplished and consists of elimination of galactose(lactose) from the diet. The acute manifestation are reversed; cataracts do not grogress and severs mental retardation prvented. The outcom, however, is not wholly satisfactory, even when treatment is intiated early. Growth and development usually are normal, but intellectual devlopment variable. Many children have visual‐perceptual problem and I.Q.'s below average. School performance generally has been unsatisfactory.Ovarian failure frequently has been found in female galactosemics. The casuse has not been determined.
Metabolism: Positron Emission Tomography in the Measurement of Regional Cerebral Glucose Metabolism in Newborn Infants
Authors: Sinclair J.C. , Garnett S. , Nahmias C. , Firnau G. , Kenyon D.B. , Nobbs P.T. , Doyle L.W. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe new diagnostic technique, positron emission tomography with 18F‐DG, was used to obtain qualitative estimates of regional cerebral glucose metabolism in newborn infants with perinatal asphyxia, cerebral hemorrhage or focal motor seizures. Glucose metabolism of gray and white matter structures in the brain could be differentiated clearly. Decreased glucose metabolism was identified in regions of the brain shown by CT scan to be structurally abnormal. A localized increase in glucose metabolism was demonstrated in the contralateral cerebral hemisphere of a newborn with focal motor seizures. Positron emission tomography is a promising new diagnostic tool for study of newborn infants with supected abnormalities of brain function.
Increased Serum Levels of Anti‐Mumps and Rubella Viruses Antibodies in Children with Kawasaki Disease
Authors: Kuno‐Sakai Harumi 
Published: October 2007

AbstractSerum IgM and IgG antibodies against mumps virus and rubella virus were quantitated serially by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays in 15 children with Kawasaki disease. IgM antibody against mumps virus and IgG antibody against rubella virus were increased significantly in children with Kawasaki disease who had no previous history of mumps virus or rubella virus infection. Booster‐like effect in IgG antibody levels against mumps virus was observed in children with Kawasaki disease who had a previous history of exposure to mumps virus. Since none of the patients manifested clinical symptoms of mumps or rubella, the increased antibody levels against mumps and rubella may represent a part of the nonspecific increase in serum immunoglobulins in children with Kawasaki disease.
Possible Role of Streptococcus Pyogenes in Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome
Authors: Akiyama Takehisa , Osawa Nobutaka , Yashiro Kimio , Hiraishi Satoshi 
Published: October 2007

AbstractMigration inhibitory factor (M1F)‐induced activity of patients with mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome (MCLS) to antigens associated with Streptococcus pyogenes infection was compared to that of control populations consisting of children with illnesses not related to streptococcal infections (group A), and of patients with streptococcal pharyngitis (group B), with the following results.1. Though a consiaerable number of patients in the acute state of MCLS failed to respond to antigens consisting of (1) a coccus preparation of S. pyogenes (Picibanil), (2) streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin (SPE) and (3) an extract from cells of a virally transformed human B‐cell line, a complete restoration of their responsiveness was observed in parallel with the decrease of fever.2. While almost all patients of group A were refractory not only to Picibanil and SPE but also to the extract from the transformed human cells, some children with infections due to intracellular microbes showed responsiveness to the extract from the transformed cells.3. In group B, some patients showed a marked responsiveness and the other a complete refractoriness to these antigens throughout the observation period.These results raise the possibility that S. pyogenes may play a principal role in the pathogenesis of MCLS.
SCREENING SYSTEM: The Heart Disease Screening System for School Children in Japan and Its Results
Authors: Hosaki Junro 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe heart disease screening system for school children in Japan is useful for early detection of children with heart disease, and for their daily health care. In particular, the heart disease screening system using an electrocardiogram and/or phonocardiogram is an excellent one for finding atrial septal defect, pulmonic stenosis, idiopathic cardiomyopathy and arrythmia.Recently, computer‐assisted electrocardiogram and phonocardiogram automatic analysis equipment for heart disease screening of school children has been developed, and a screening system using this equipment has been instituted.
SCREENING SYSTEM: Screening for Asymptomatic Hematuria and Proteinuria in School Children ‐ Relationship between Clinical Laboratory Findings and Glomerular Pathology or Prognosis ‐
Authors: Kitagawa Teruo 
Published: October 2007

AbstractEarly morning urine is collected at home and urinalysis is performed at a clinical laboratory. Simple dipstick methods are used for the detection of proteinuria and hematuria. When the urine tests are positive, a second test is performed in the same manner. When the urine abnormalities are persistently encountered, urine sediments are checked under the microscope and diagnostic steps are taken to determine the cause of the urine abnormalities. A study of the diagnosis and prognosis of the asymptomatic proteinuria and hematuria detected by urine screening was performed with the collaboration of eight different hospitals. Correlations between renal pathology or prognosis and urinary findings or other laboratory data in 170 patients who had renal biospy were studied. Cases with asymptomatic hematuria without proteinuria tended to have a better prognosis, with the pathology of minor abnormality or focal segmental proliferative lesions. In cases with marked proteinuria and hematuria diffuse proliferative lesions including membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) were frequently observed. Renal pathology suggesting a poor prognosis was not uncommon in the cases with marked proteinuria and hematuria. The above observations were confirmed by a 5‐year follow‐up study in 141 cases.
CONTROL AND DAILY CARE OF SICK CHILDREN AT SCHOOL: Management of Children with Chronic Disease at School—Renal Disease
Authors: Murakami Mutsumi , Ueda Yutaka , Murakami Katsuyoshi 
Published: October 2007

AbstractManagement of children with renal disease at school in Japan is characterized by urine screening at school. The fact that many children with minimal hematuria, who are unlikely to have any disease, were detected by such screening is cited as a demerit of mass urine screening. However, the number of children undergoing dialysis began to decrease, as shown in Fig. 4, in 1977, three years after urine screening at school began to be carried out [8]. In addition, surveys of long‐term school absentees in Osaka showed a gradual decrease in absence due to renal disease; the rates of 52.4 and 53.8 out of every 100,000 for elementary school children and junior high school children, respectively, in 1979 decreased to 39.3 and 42, respectively, in 1983 [2]. This fact, which cannot be explained merely by advances in technique of treatment for renal disease, represents an advantage of mass urine screening that more than offsets any disadvantage.
Two Unusual Cases of Congenital Rubella Syndrome Associated with Acute Myelocytic Leukemia or chilaiditi's Syndrome
Authors: Hokama Tomiko , Hirayama Kiyotake 
Published: October 2007

AbstractIn the Ryukyu Islands of Japan, an extensive epidemic of rubella occurred from the end of 1964 until the beginning of 1965. Approximately 400 children with congenital rubella syndrome were born in 1965 [1]. Two boys with unusual associated problems are reported in this paper. One case was complicated with leukemia and the other with Chilaiditi's syndrome.
Serum Levels of Thyroid Hormones, Thyroxine‐Binding Globulin and Thyrotropin in Arterial and Venous Cord Blood in Newborn Infants Are Identical
Authors: Ono Seigo , Jitosho Tamotsu , Miyata Koichiro , Matsuda Kazuhiro , Ikenoue Tsuyomu , Otsuji Shogo 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThyroxine, tri‐iodothyronine, reverse tri‐iodothyronine, free tri‐iodothyronine, free thyroxine, tri‐iodothyronine resin uptake, thyrotropin, thyroxine‐binding globulin and free thyroxine index in both arterial and venous cord blood of 20 normal full‐term newborn infants were investigated. There was little difference in the values in arterial and venous cord blood in all examinations.The results suggest that venous cord blood, which is more easily obtainable in sufficient quantity than arterial cord blood, and arterial cord blood are equally useful in the determination of thyroid function in the newborn infant.
Whole Blood Chemiluminescence As an Acute Phase Reactant
Authors: Tono‐oka Tatsuhito , Matsumoto Takahide , Taguchi Yuichi , Nakanishi Masanori , Imai Ko 
Published: October 2007

AbstractChemiluminescent response of whole blood was estimated as a function of acute phase reactant and compared with ESR and CRP in various types of pediatric patients with fever. 0.1 ml of whole blood was used as the material, and two parameters concerning the phagocytic function of whole blood were used: (1) Peak CL; total phagocytic function of whole blood reflecting the number of granulocytes in a specimen and their function; (2) Peak CL per 103 whereas viral infections consisting of upper respiratory infection, varicella and systemic bacterial infections showed an increased peak CL, not only due to the increased number of granulocytes, but also due to the enhanced CL response of the granulocytes themselves (thus peak CL per 103 PMN was laso increased), whereas viral infections consisting of upper respiratory infection, varicella and mumps, and acute leukemia in the active stage did not have a remarkable influence on the two parameters. In many types of febrile illness peak CL/103 PMN was significantly correlated with ESR and CRP, but not with granulocyte counts. ESR and CRP also did not correlate with granulocyte counts. Thus it was confirmed that the whole blood CL method is useful as a quick test with a small amount of specimen for evaluating febrile patients; concerning the intensity of inflammation as well as phagocyte (granulocyte) functions.
Simulation of the Clinical Course of Viral Hepatitis and Its Immunological Treatment
Authors: Sakurai Michiro , Shiraki Kazuo , Kawamura Noboru , Kaihara Shigekoto 
Published: October 2007

AbstractAn analysis of the variations in the clinical course of hepatitis B (HB) was attempted with mathematical simulation. Hepatitis B could be regarded as an ecosystem consisting of liver cell, hepatitis B virus and immunity, which were integrated by Dudley's hypothesis. The reason for the variations in the clinical course of hepatitis B were found to be the variations of immunological power destroying liver cells and of the absorption of HB virus.Non‐A non‐3 hepatitis with recurrent aggravation was also studied. The effect of treatment with transfer factor and interferon for chronic hepatitis were simulated, and the dynamics of these treatments were analyzed.