bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic variation among wild and cultivated populations of the Chinese medicinal plantCoptis chinensis(Ranunculaceae)
Authors: Shi W. , Yang C.‐F. , Chen J.‐M. , Guo Y.‐H. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractTo examine if the cultivation process has reduced the genetic variation of modern cultivars of the traditional Chinese medicinal plant,Coptis chinensis, the levels and distribution of genetic variation was investigated using ISSR markers. A total of 214C. chinensisindividuals from seven wild and three cultivated populations were included in the study. Seven ISSR primers were used and a total of 91 DNA fragments were scored. The levels of genetic diversity in cultivated populations were similar as those in wild populations (mean PPL = 65.2%versusPPL = 52.4%, mean H = 0.159versusH = 0.153 and mean I = 0.255versusI = 0.237), suggesting that cultivation did not seriously influence genetic variation of present‐day cultivated populations. Neighbour‐joining cluster analysis showed that wild populations and cultivated populations were not separated into two groups. The coefficient of genetic differentiation between a cultivar and its wild progenitor was 0.066 (Gst), which was in good accordance with the result byamovaanalysis (10.9% of total genetic variation resided on the two groups), indicating that cultivated populations were not genetically differentiated from wild progenitors. For the seven wild populations, a significant genetic differentiation among populations was found usingamovaanalysis (45.9% of total genetic variation resided among populations). A number of causes, including genetic drift and inbreeding in the small and isolated wild populations, the relative limited gene flow between wild populations (Nm = 0.590), and high gene flow between cultivars and their wild progenitors (Nm = 7.116), might have led to the observed genetic profiles ofC.chinensis.
DIAGNOSTIC USE OF IMMUNOGLOBULIN AND T‐CELL RECEPTOR GENE REARRANGEMENTS IN LYMPHOPROLIFERATIVE DISEASE
Authors: STORY C. J. , TURNER D. R. , MORLEY A. A. , SESHADRI R. 
Published: April 2008

Abstract:Gene rearrangements of immunoglobulin and T cell antigen receptor gene loci were studied in 67 patients referred to a general hematology clinic. The results of gene analysis supported the clinical diagnosis in most cases where involved tissue was studied. However, in a number of cases, gene rearrangement studies gave unexpected results of possible diagnostic significance. Thus two patients who presented diagnostic difficulties were finally diagnosed as having non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma; gene analysis suggested that the initial diagnosis of Hodgkin's disease may have been correct. In two patients who had chronic lymphocytosis and were suspected of having chronic lymphocytic leukemia, no evidence of monoclonal disease of B or T cells could be found and the basis for the lymphocytosis was presumed to be non‐malignant. Gene analysis was able to detect monoclonal B cell disease in the otherwise normal blood of two of six patients with lymphoma, one of two patients with macroglobulinemia, and none of six patients with myeloma.The study of gene rearrangements may be a practical aid to diagnosis in some situations of uncertainty.
VALIDATION OF CORONARY HEART DISEASE HOSPITAL DISCHARGE DATA
Authors: BEAGLEHOLE R. , STEWART A. W. , WALKER P. 
Published: April 2008

Abstract:Data from a 1983 Auckland coronary heart disease register applying current World Health Organization criteria have been used to validate routine hospital discharge data. The register contained 905 patients under 65 years admitted to hospital and 858 of these patients were matched with hospital discharge records. Of the registered definite myocardial infarction cases 86% received the International Classification of Diseases code 410 (acute myocardial infarction); 9% of these cases received a code 411‐414 (other forms of coronary heart disease or angina) and 5% received other codes. Only 405 of the 604 cases (67%) coded 410 in the hospital discharge data were true definite myocardial infarctions according to the World Health Organization criteria. The routine hospital International Classification of Diseases data do not provide diagnostic groups sufficiently close to World Health Organization categories for them to be used alone to monitor trends in coronary heart disease morbidity rates.
PAPILLARY NECROSIS ASSOCIATED WITH RIFAMPICIN THERAPY
Authors: LAI F. MAC‐MOUNE , LAI K. N. , CHONG Y. W. 
Published: April 2008

Abstract:We report a patient who developed progressive renal failure following 13 months of rifampicin therapy for renal tuberculosis. The renal function continued to deteriorate despite the discontinuation of rifampicin. Renal pathology did not demonstrate any evidence of tuberculosis of the kidney but revealed the unique pathological finding of glomeruloscterosis, granulomatous interstitial nephritis, and extensive papillary necrosis.
TUBEROUS SCLEROSIS MIMICKING ADULT POLYCYSTIC KIDNEY DISEASE
Authors: DURHAM D. S. 
Published: April 2008

Abstract:Tuberous sclerosis is a recognised cause of renal disease, usually angiomyolipomas but also cysts; it usually presents in childhood. A father and son are reported with familial tuberous sclerosis presenting in adulthood and mimicking polycystic kidney disease.
Paclitaxel and cisplatin as intravesical agents against non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer
Authors: Hadaschik Boris A. , Ter Borg Melanie G. , Jackson John , Sowery Richard D. , So Alan I. , Burt Helen M. , Gleave Martin E. 
Published: April 2008

OBJECTIVESTo investigate the effects of cisplatin and paclitaxel against human bladder cancer cellsin vitro, and to obtain both pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic data after intravesical administration in mice.MATERIALS AND METHODSSix bladder cancer cell lines (J82, KU7, RT4, SW780, T24, UMUC3) were treated with various combined doses of both drugs and cell proliferation was evaluated 3 days later.In vivo, solutions of cisplatin and micellar paclitaxel were instilled transurethrally in female mice and pharmacokinetic data were acquired using high‐performance liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry and atomic absorption methods. To obtain efficacy data, mice with orthotopic KU7‐luc tumours were administered cisplatin and/or micellar paclitaxel intravesically, and the tumour burden quantified using bioluminescence imaging.RESULTSIn vitro, both cisplatin and paclitaxel potently decreased the proliferation of all cell lines tested, and in combination had an additive but not a synergistic effect. After intravesical instillation, mouse serum concentrations of cisplatin and paclitaxel were in the low microgram/millilitre range and bladder tissue concentrations achieved were 82 and 241 µg/g, respectively. Similar drug levels were reached using combined therapy.In vivo, all chemotherapeutic agents significantly inhibited bladder tumour growth, with the best results for combined therapy and micellar paclitaxel alone. However, there was toxicity in the combined treatment arm.CONCLUSIONSBoth cisplatin and paclitaxel were absorbed at effective amounts into bladder tissues. As intravesical agents, paclitaxel had slightly stronger anticancer potency than cisplatin. Due to increased adverse events, caution should be exercised when combining both cisplatin and paclitaxel intravesically.
Disabling complications with slings for managing female stress urinary incontinence
Authors: Ordorica Raul , Rodriguez Alejandro R. , Coste‐Delvecchio Fernando , Hoffman Mitchell , Lockhart Jorge 
Published: April 2008

OBJECTIVETo report an increase in the referral of patients with disabling complications after the failure of conservative therapy, their presentation, final surgical management and clinical outcome, following the use of non‐autologous slings (NAS), currently the primary surgical procedure for managing stress urinary incontinence (SUI) in women.PATIENT AND METHODSThirty‐eight patients (mean age 64 years) required surgical management for disabling complications after placing a NAS for SUI. Sling types were synthetic (25), xenografts (six) and allografts (four). Twenty (53%) patients presented with bladder outlet obstruction, 13 (34%) with sling erosion, three (8%) with worsened SUI, and two (5%) with unobstructive severe urgency and frequency.RESULTSThe sling was dissected and incised with no complication in 19 of 20 patients. One had a posterior urethral defect during sling dissection. Twelve patients (60%) acquired normal voiding and were continent. Among the 13 patients who had the sling dismantled and urethrolysis, two had recurrent or persistent SUI, two de‐novo urgency/frequency and one developed osteitis pubis. Three patients with disabling SUI received a pubovaginal sling placed proximal to the bladder neck, and had an overall improvement in their urinary control with no retention. Two unobstructed patients with urgency and frequency did not improve with anticholinergic medication and pelvic floor therapy, and are now candidates for botulinum toxin injection or neurostimulation.CONCLUSIONSThe complication rate with periurethral NAS for managing SUI in females is substantial. Patients with refractory urgency/frequency after the sling need a complete evaluation with cystoscopy and video‐urodynamics. Obstruction and erosion are the commonest problems and require surgical correction.
Matrix metalloproteinases and diabetic foot ulcers: the ratio of MMP‐1 to TIMP‐1 is a predictor of wound healing
Authors: Muller M. , Trocme C. , Lardy B. , Morel F. , Halimi S. , Benhamou P. Y. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractAims  Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play a major role in wound healing: they can degrade all components of the extracellular matrix. In diabetic foot ulcers there is an excess of MMPs and a decrease of the tissue inhibitors of MMPs (TIMPs). This imbalance is probably one cause of impaired healing. However, little is known about changes in MMPs during wound healing.Methods  Sixteen patients with neuropathic diabetic foot ulcers participated. Wound fluid was collected regularly during the 12‐week follow‐up period, for measurement of MMP‐1, MMP‐2, MMP‐8, MMP‐9 and TIMP‐1. Results were analysed by the degree of wound healing: good healers (defined by a reduction of at least 82% in initial wound surface at 4 weeks) and poor healers (reduction of less than 82% in wound surface at 4 weeks).Results   In good healers, levels of MMP‐8 and ‐9 secreted by inflammatory cells decreased earlier. The initial levels of MMP‐1 were similar in good and poor healers (P = 0.1) but rose significantly at week 2 in good healers (P = 0.039). There was a significant correlation between a high ratio of MMP‐1/TIMP‐1 and good healing (r = 0.65, P = 0.008). Receiver Operator Curve (ROC) analysis showed that an MMP‐1/TIMP‐1 ratio of 0.39 best predicted wound healing (sensitivity = 71%, specificity = 87.5%).Conclusions   A high level of MMP‐1 seems essential to wound healing, while an excess of MMP‐8 and ‐9 is deleterious, and could be a target for new topical treatments. The MMP‐1/TIMP‐1 ratio is a predictor of wound healing in diabetic foot ulcers.
Phylogeny and adaptive diversity of rodents of the family Ctenomyidae (Caviomorpha): delimiting lineages and genera in the fossil record
Authors: Verzi D. H. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractDifferentiation of genera of the modern (Late Miocene to Recent) South American rodent family Ctenomyidae would have been linked to the acquisition of disparate adaptations to digging and life underground. In accordance with this hypothesis, the delimitation of lineages and genera in the ctenomyid fossil record is evaluated here following an adaptation‐rooted criterion that involves both an assessment of the monophyly and of the adaptive profiles of recognized clades. The application of such a criterion, including morphofunctional information, delimited four cohesive lineages among crown ctenomyids (i.e. euhypsodont species of the Late Miocene to Recent):Eucelophorus(Early Pliocene–Middle Pleistocene),Xenodontomys‐Actenomys(Late Miocene–Pliocene),Praectenomys(Pliocene) andCtenomys(includingParactenomys; Pliocene–Recent); in addition, the results supported the status ofXenodontomysas a paraphyletic ancestor ofActenomys. The cladogenesis that gave rise to the crown group would have occurred immediately after the acquisition of euhypsodonty in aXenodontomys simpsoni‐like ancestor during the Late Miocene. This putative ancestor would have had fossorial habits and moderate digging specializations, an adaptive profile maintained inXenodontomys‐Actenomys.EucelophorusandCtenomyswould have independently evolved subterranean habits at least since the Pliocene. Although the earliest history of the only living representative,Ctenomys, is known only fragmentarily, remains from Esquina Blanca (Uquía Formation), in north‐western Argentina, suggest a minimum age of around 3.5 Ma (Early–Late Pliocene) for the differentiation of the genus. This date agrees with recent molecular estimates.
Rationale for a five‐grass pollen vaccine
Authors: Moingeon P. , Peltre G. , Bergmann K.‐C. 
Published: April 2008

SummaryGrass pollen allergic patients are naturally exposed and sensitized to multiple pollens from various Pooideae species. The question arises as to whether such patients should be desensitized with extracts based on a single pollen or a pollen mixture. Neither conventional diagnosis based on IgE reactivity nor pollen counts enable the identification of which grass species are involved in patient sensitization. Significant cross‐immunogenicity is observed between allergens from Pooideae pollens due to their conserved amino acid sequences (e.g. >90% for group 1, 55–80% for group 5, 30–60% for other allergens, including minor allergens). Nevertheless, pollen allergens also contain species‐specific T or B cell epitopes, and there is evidence that at least 50% of allergic patients are sensitized to such distinct epitopes. In addition, substantial quantitative differences exist in the allergen (e.g. group 1, 2/3, 4, 5, 6, 10, 13) content of pollens obtained from distinct grass species. In this context, we recommend a vaccine consisting of a combination of pollens from five common and well characterized Pooideae including Anthoxanthum odoratum, Dactylis glomerata, Lolium perenne, Phleum pratense and Poa pratensis for desensitization purposes. This 5‐grass mixture is recommended because, (i) it has been validated, in terms of safety and efficacy, by established clinical practice; (ii) it better reflects natural exposure and sensitization conditions at the molecular level than a single pollen; and (iii) it provides a consistent and well‐balanced composition of critical allergens, while extending the repertoire of T and B cell epitopes.
Effect of long‐term beta‐adrenergic‐blockade on calf blood flow in hypertensive patients
Authors: Lepäntalo Mauri , Tötterman Karl Johan 
Published: April 2008

Summary. The effect of a four‐week treatment with propranolol and metoprolol on blood pressure and regional haemodynamics of the lower extremity at rest, after exercise and during reactive hyperaemia was studied in 34 patients with essential hypertension, but without peripheral arterial disease, in a randomized placebo‐controlled trial. No significant difference in side‐effects recorded during the trial was observed between these two drugs.Treatment with beta‐adrenergic blocking drugs reduced systemic blood pressure. Calf blood flow during vasodilatation was also decreased. The most marked changes were observed during reactive hyperaemia; mean calf blood flow was reduced from about 250 ml/min/litre of tissue to 200 ml/min/litre of tissue (P<0·01) by propranolol and to 214 ml/min/litre of tissue (P<0·01) by metoprolol. Both drugs caused a significant increase in peripheral resistance above the initial level during reactive hyperaemia (P <0·05). No significant difference in peripheral resistance was observed, however, when the active drugs were compared with the placebo. There was no difference between propranolol and metoprolol in any of the parameters. Thus, the flow reduction can mainly be attributed to the diminished perfusion pressure due to the decreased cardiac output caused by beta‐blockade of the heart.
Effect of adrenaline on exchange of free fatty acids in leg tissues and splanchnic area. A comparison with the metabolic response to surgical stress
Authors: HåRkanson E. , Rutberg H. , Jorfeldt L. 
Published: April 2008

Summary. The present investigation was aimed at studying the acute effects of an adrenaline infusion on the exchange of free fatty acids in the leg and splanchnic bed.Seven healthy males participated in the study. Adrenaline (40 ng/(min×kg body weight)) (0·22 nmol/(min×kg body weight)) was infused to produce a plasma concentration similar to that seen in connection with surgery (2·77±0·42 nmol/l). Leg and splanchnic blood flow were measured and the femoral and hepatic arterio‐venous differences for the total fraction of FFA were determined. 1‐14C‐oleic acid was infused intravenously so as to determine uptake and release of FFA. Measurements were made before and between 30 and 40 min after the start of the adrenaline infusion.The FFA concentration rose by 140% and the FFA uptake in the leg and splanchnic region increased about three fold. For 3‐hydroxybutyrate the arterial concentrations as well as leg uptake and splanchnic uptake increased about six fold, four fold and eight fold, respectively. Ketogenesis accounted for a large part of the FFA uptake in the splanchnic bed during adrenaline infusion.We conclude that adrenaline infusion results in pronounced changes in FFA and 3‐hydroxybutyrate concentrations and in the exchange of these substrates in leg and splanchnic bed. The adrenaline‐induced increases in FFA and 3‐hydroxybutyrate metabolism were generally more marked than those seen during and immediately after surgery.
γ2‐MSH increases during graded exercise in healthy subjects: comparison with plasma catecholamines, neuropeptides, aldosterone and renin activity
Authors: Valdemarsson S. , Andersson D. , Bengtsson A. , Bogren M. , Edvinsson L. , Ekman R. 
Published: April 2008

Summary. To evaluate the possibility that the proopiomelanocortin (POMC)‐derived peptide γ2‐melanocyte stimulating hormone (γ2‐MSH) has a role in circulatory regulation in man we studied circulating levels of this peptide at three different stages of physical activity in 10 young healthy subjects. The results were compared to simultaneously measured plasma levels of catecholamines, neuropeptide Y, vasopressin, renin activity, aldosterone and human α‐atrial natriuretic peptide (α‐hANP) and of the vasodilatory peptides calcitonin gene‐related peptide, substance P and vasoactive intestinal peptide. The plasma levels of γ2‐MSH‐LI (like immunoreactivity) increased from 1009 ± 101 pmol 1‐1 at supine rest to 1281 ± 79 pmol 1‐1 when measured after 10 min walking (P<0·05), and remained at this increased level also after a consecutive further increase of physical activity (4 min stair rush), 1293 ± 87 pmol 1‐1 (P<0·05 vs. at rest).The increase in circulating γ2‐MSH‐LI levels preceded the elevation of the venous plasma noradrenaline level, but did not rise further with more pronounced activation of the sympathetic nervous system at the highest grade of physical activity examined.
Exercise and redistribution thallium‐201 myocardial scintigraphy: changes in distribution qualitatively unaffected by previous infarction
Authors: Grip L. , Bone D. , Svanet B. , Holmgren A. 
Published: April 2008

Summary. Eighteen patients with stable exertional angina pectoris were investigated by thallium‐201 (201T1) exercise and redistribution single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) after coronary angiography. Eight of the patients had a previous myocardial infarct. Six patients had single‐, eight double‐ and four triple‐vessel disease. An exercise SPECT was acquired 10 min after the administration of isotope, injected 1–2 min before the termination of a symptom‐limited exercise test. A redistribution SPECT was recorded 3 h later. 201T1 activity per pixel was compared between the exercise and redistribution SPECT in relative and absolute terms.For each patient there was a good correlation between activity per pixel in the redistribution SPECT and the corresponding pixels in the exercise SPECT (mean correlation coefficient 0–86 ± 0–08), irrespective of the extent of coronary artery disease or presence of a previous infarction in the pixel region. Relative wash‐out correlated to the degree of coronary artery stenosis (r= 0–48), but did not differ between infarcted and non‐inf arcted myocardial regions. A similar relationship was documented for pixels with visual ‘refill’ in the redistribution SPECT. This implies that most of the information in the redistribution SPECT was present already in the exercise SPECT. Thus, qualitative information of a similar kind is obtained from images acquired immediately after exercise and after 3–4 h of redistribution.
Report from the Field: The Army's Land Grab
Authors: McCaffrey Katherine T. 
Published: April 2008

Abstract:The U.S. Army proposes tripling the size of its Piñon Canyon maneuver site for live fire exercises. Piñon Canyon is rich in cultural, archaeological and paleontological resources. There is a lack of transparency about military objectives, skepticism about the Army's true rationale, and concern for the military's desire to continue to expand. The Piñon Canyon case tests the boundaries of civilian primacy over the military, and the strength of civil society in asserting its rights in the face of military power.
Report from the President
Authors: Morgen Sandra 
Published: April 2008

Abstract:SANA member research provides critical insights into key issues facing contemporary North America. The section depends on, and thrives because of the research of members and the contributions of members who take on leadership roles. We thank them profusely. The article also focuses on the thoughts of past and current presidents about the challenges of engaged public anthropology. It is important to consider not only “how” to do engaged anthropology, but “why”.
Report from the Field: Redoing Chicago: Gentrification, Race, and Intimate Segregation
Authors: Mumm Jesse 
Published: April 2008

Abstract:“Do you know what gentrification is?” one new Chicago resident poses. “To some people it means just plain white.” Latino neighborhoods in Chicago have become well documented terrains of contestation over community space, as upscale redevelopment threatens to displace established residents. As people promote or challenge gentrification on the Near Northwest Side, they make reference to Latino and white spaces, practices, representations, market engagements, and political control—and race erupts in overt and covert ways. Recent anthropological work illuminates and unpacks ground level social dynamics with profound consequences amid this latest historical political economic shift. Both interracial contact and avoidance increasingly operate through mixed discourses and practices of diversity and inclusion on the one hand, and heightened and overt racial signification on the other. Intimate segregation is a lived contradiction, embodied in a new repertoire of practices that internalize the ways we interrelate even as we separate.