bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantitative retention–activity relationship models for quinolones using biopartitioning micellar chromatography
Authors: Wu Li‐Ping , Chen Yu , Wang Shu‐Rong , Chen Cong , Ye Li‐Ming 
Published: August 2007

AbstractA simple and reproducible quantitative retention–activity relationship (QRAR) model utilizing biopartitioning micellar chromatography was developed for the biological parameter estimation of drugs. The correlation between retention factors of quinolones obtained in physiological conditions (pH, ionic strength) and biological activities was investigated using different second‐order polynomial models. The predictive and interpretative ability of the chromatographic models was evaluated in terms of cross‐validated data (RMSEC, RMSECV and RMSECVi). The aim was to obtain adequate QRAR models of half‐life, clearance, volume of distribution, plasma protein combination rate, area under concentration–time curve and toxicity (LD50) of quinolones, and to elucidate the advantages and limitations of using a single parameter as independent variable for describing and estimating the activities. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gas Holdup from the Free Surface of Liquids Subjected to a Vertically Vibrating Plate
Authors: Grinis L. , Kholmer V. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractGas holdup is an important factor in the various technological processes involving the interaction between liquid and gaseous systems. The goal of the present research is to study the effect of vibration parameters and plate design on the gas holdup efficiency in a vibrating plate column. The gas bubbles were generated by the vibrating plate, which was sufficiently close to the liquid surface. An analytical model for the calculation of the gas holdup was developed. A device for the introduction of the gas and the vertical vibration of the liquid was designed and used in this research. The experimental data obtained are in good agreement with the theoretical calculations. The results show the possibility of enhancing the gas holdup by changing the vibration parameters and optimizing the vibrating plate unit design parameters.
Indium‐Mediated Selective Introduction of a 1,3‐Butadien‐2‐yl Group at the C4‐Position in 2‐Azetidinones and Application of 1,3‐Diene‐Tethered 2‐Azetidinones in the Diels–Alder Reaction
Authors: Lee Kooyeon , Lee Phil Ho 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe reaction of 4‐acetoxy‐2‐azetidinones with organoindium reagents generated in situ from indium and 1,4‐dibromo‐2‐butyne in the presence of LiCl in DMF selectively produced 2‐azetidinones which contain a 1,3‐butadienyl‐2‐yl group at the C4‐position in good yields. The Diels–Alder reaction of 4‐[(1‐methylene)prop‐2‐enyl]‐2‐azetidinones with a variety of dienophiles provided 2‐azetidinones with valuable functional‐group‐substituted six‐membered rings at the C4‐position in good yields.
Verbesserung des Wasserabscheidungswirkungsgrades im Kondensator für Flugzeugklimaanlagen durch die Nutzung ionenimplantierter Kondensatoroberflächen
Authors: Rausch M. H. , Krzeminski K. , Fröba A. P. , Leipertz A. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractZur Optimierung des Wärmeübergangs und der damit verbundenen Wasserabscheidung aus strömender feuchter Luft in Klimatisierungssystemen wurde die Verringerung der Benetzbarkeit relevanter Aluminiumlegierungen durch Oberflächenmodifikation mittels Ionenimplantation erprobt. Ein Maß für eine deutliche Reduzierung der Benetzbarkeit ist die Einstellung von Tropfenkondensation unter Sattdampfbedingungen, was an der Legierung Al 6951 erstmals durch die Implantation von Stickstoffionen reproduzierbar gelang. Wärmetechnische Untersuchungen unter Sattdampfbedingungen zeigten, dass selbst beim Auftreten von Tropfenkondensation auf nur etwa 50 % einer Kondensatoroberfläche mehr als eine Verdopplung des Wärmeübergangskoeffizienten für die Kondensation möglich ist. Anschließend wurden Untersuchungen mit dem Arbeitsmedium feuchte Luft in einer Laborklimaanlage durchgeführt, in der einzelne in technischen Kondensatoren eingesetzte Finschichten unter realistischen Betriebsbedingungen hinsichtlich der Wasserabscheidung visuell und wärmetechnisch analysiert werden können. Vergleichende Versuche mit unbehandelten und durch Ionenimplantation modifizierten Fins unter identischen Randbedingungen zeigten keine Unterschiede in der auftretenden Kondensationsform. Am implantierten Fin wurden leicht verbesserte Wasserabscheidungswirkungsgrade ermittelt.
Dose intensity and hematologic toxicity in older cancer patients receiving systemic chemotherapy
Authors: Shayne Michelle , Culakova Eva , Poniewierski Marek S. , Wolff Debra , Dale David C. , Crawford Jeffrey , Lyman Gary H. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND.This prospective study was undertaken to evaluate patient and treatment characteristics that contribute to hematologic toxicity in older cancer patients.METHODS.A nationwide study of 115 community oncology practices was conducted between 2002 and 2005 with data collected on 976 patients who had received chemotherapy for common malignancies, including lung cancer, colorectal cancer, breast cancer, ovarian cancer, genitourinary cancer, and lymphoma. Primary outcomes included severe neutropenia (SN) and febrile neutropenia (FN). Secondary outcomes included delivered relative dose intensity (RDI) <85%, dose delays ≥15% days, and reductions ≥15%.RESULTS.Approximately 50% of both patients with early‐stage disease and patients with advanced‐stage disease received an actual RDI <85%, and this rate reached 60% in the oldest group (aged >80 years). Increasing age was associated with lower actual RDI (P = .030) and averaged 87.5% across all elderly age groups. A decreasing trend in SN or FN events occurred with increasing age (P for trend = .039), with the majority of initial neutropenic events occurring in Cycle 1 for all age groups. Among the patients who received an actual RDI ≥85%, there was no significant difference in SN or FN by age group or disease stage. Independent risk factors for the development of SN or FN included cancer type, planned RDI ≥85%, body surface area ≤2m2, anthracycline‐ or platinum‐based regimens, previous chemotherapy, elevated blood urea nitrogen, and alkaline phosphatase. Neutropenic complications decreased significantly with primary colony‐stimulating factor (CSF) prophylaxis (coefficient of determination [R2] = 0.260; c‐statistic = 0.782).CONCLUSIONS.Among cancer patients aged ≥70 years, 50% of whom received relatively full‐dose chemotherapy, increasing age alone did not increase the risk of hematologic toxicity. Cancer 2007. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
Phase 2 study of temozolomide in children and adolescents with recurrent central nervous system tumors
Authors: Nicholson H. Stacy , Kretschmar Cynthia S. , Krailo Mark , Bernstein Mark , Kadota Richard , Fort Daniel , Friedman Henry , Harris Michael B. , Tedeschi‐Blok Nicole , Mazewski Claire , Sato Judith , Reaman Gregory H. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND.Effective chemotherapy is lacking for most types of central nervous system (CNS) tumors in children. Temozolomide, an agent with activity against adult brain tumors, was investigated in children and adolescents with recurrent CNS tumors.METHODS.Temozolomide was administered orally as monthly 5‐day courses at doses of 200 mg/m2/d (patients with no prior craniospinal irradiation [CSI]) or 180 mg/m2/d (prior CSI). Patients with a complete (CR) or partial (PR) response or stable disease (SD) could continue temozolomide for up to 12 cycles.RESULTS.The cohort comprised 122 patients, including 113 with CNS tumors. Median age was 11 years (range, 1–23 years). Among 104 evaluable patients with CNS tumors, 5 PRs and 1 CR were observed. PRs occurred in 1 of 23 evaluable patients with high‐grade astrocytoma, 1 of 21 with low‐grade astrocytoma, and 3 of 25 with medulloblastoma/primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET). The CR occurred in an additional patient with medulloblastoma/PNET. No responses were observed in patients with ependymoma, brain‐stem glioma, or other CNS tumors. Notably, 41% of patients with low‐grade astrocytoma had SD through 12 courses. The most frequent toxicities were grade 3 or 4 neutropenia (19%) and thrombocytopenia (25%); nonhematologic toxicity was infrequent.CONCLUSIONS.Although overall objective responses were limited, further exploration of temozolomide may be warranted in children with medulloblastoma and other PNETs, or in patients with low‐grade astrocytoma, perhaps in a setting of less pretreatment than the patients in the current study, or in the context of multiagent therapy. Cancer 2007. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
Design and analysis of a scalable algorithm to monitor chord‐based p2p systems at runtime
Authors: Binzenhöfer Andreas , Kunzmann Gerald , Henjes Robert 
Published: August 2007

AbstractPeer‐to‐peer (p2p) systems are a highly decentralized, fault tolerant, and cost‐effective alternative to the classic client–server architecture. Yet companies hesitate to use p2p algorithms to build new applications. Due to the decentralized nature of such a p2p system the carrier does not know anything about the current size, performance, and stability of its application. In this paper, we present an entirely distributed and scalable algorithm to monitor a running p2p network. The snapshot of the system enables a telecommunication carrier to gather information about the current performance parameters of the running system as well as to react to discovered errors. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Transcriptional control of human T‐BET expression: The role of Sp1
Authors: Yu Jianhua , Wei Min , Boyd Zachary , Lehmann Esther B. , Trotta Rossana , Mao Hsiaoyin , Liu Shujun , Becknell Brian , Jaung Michael S. , Jarjoura David , Marcucci Guido , Wu Lai‐Chu , Caligiuri Michael A. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractMurine T‐bet (T‐box expressed in T cells) is a master regulator of IFN‐γ gene expression in NK and T cells. T‐bet also plays a critical role in autoimmunity, asthma and other diseases. However, cis elements or trans factors responsible for regulating T‐bet expression remain largely unknown. Here, we report on our discovery of six Sp1‐binding sites within the proximal human T‐BET promoter that are highly conserved among mammalian species. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays demonstrate a physical association between Sp1 and the proximal T‐BET promoter with a direct dose response between Sp1 expression and T‐BET promoter activity. Ectopic overexpression of Sp1 also enhanced T‐BET expression and cytokine‐induced IFN‐γ secretion in NK cells and T cells. Mithramycin A, which blocks the binding of Sp1 to the T‐BET promoter, diminished both T‐BET expression and IFN‐γ protein production in monokine‐stimulated primary human NK cells. Collectively, our results suggest that Sp1 is a positive transcriptional regulator of T‐BET. As T‐BET and IFN‐γ are critically important in inflammation, infection, and cancer, targeting Sp1, possibly with mithramycin A, may be useful for preventing and/or treating diseases associated with aberrant T‐BET or IFN‐γ expression.
β‐Defensins chemoattract macrophages and mast cells but not lymphocytes and dendritic cells: CCR6 is not involved
Authors: Soruri Afsaneh , Grigat Jasmin , Forssmann Ulf , Riggert Joachim , Zwirner Jörg 
Published: August 2007

Abstractβ‐Defensins are natural peptide antibiotics whose immunomodulatory functions are poorly understood. In the present study, macrophages were found to migrate to human β‐defensins (HBD)‐1 to ‐4 using Gαi proteins as well as MAPK ERK, p38 and JNK as signal transducers. In addition, mast cells responded to HBD‐1 to ‐4 with calcium fluxes as well as chemotaxis, which increased upon stimulation with IgE plus antigen or ionomycin. In contrast, human β‐defensins were unable to induce migration of memory lymphocytes and dendritic cells (DC). Similar to HBD, the murine β‐defensin (mBD)‐8 mobilized macrophages and lacked the ability to recruit memory T cells. These findings were unexpected as CCR6 on memory T cells and DC has been previously observed to be a receptor for human β‐defensins. In support of our findings, however, RBL‐2H3 as well as 300.19 cells stably expressing CCR6 proved to be unresponsive to HBD‐2 and ‐3. Intriguingly, our observation of a PKC‐independent homologous desensitization between HBD‐1 to ‐4 suggests a common receptor for HBD. In summary, chemoattraction of macrophages and mast cells is evolutionary conserved within the β‐defensin family despite a considerable sequence variation and distinct antimicrobial activities. However, CCR6 is not a functional receptor for β‐defensins.
Extensive HLA class I allele promiscuity among viral CTL epitopes
Authors: Frahm Nicole , Yusim Karina , Suscovich Todd J. , Adams Sharon , Sidney John , Hraber Peter , Hewitt Hannah S. , Linde Caitlyn H. , Kavanagh Daniel G. , Woodberry Tonia , Henry Leah M. , Faircloth Kellie , Listgarten Jennifer , Kadie Carl , Jojic Nebojsa , Sango Kaori , Brown Nancy V. , Pae Eunice , Zaman M. Tauheed , Bihl Florian , Khatri Ashok , John Mina , Mallal Simon , Marincola Francesco M. , Walker Bruce D. , Sette Alessandro , Heckerman David , Korber Bette T. , Brander Christian 
Published: August 2007

AbstractPromiscuous binding of T helper epitopes to MHC class II molecules has been well established, but few examples of promiscuous class I‐restricted epitopes exist. To address the extent of promiscuity of HLA class I peptides, responses to 242 well‐defined viral epitopes were tested in 100 subjects regardless of the individuals’ HLA type. Surprisingly, half of all detected responses were seen in the absence of the originally reported restricting HLA class I allele, and only 3% of epitopes were recognized exclusively in the presence of their original allele. Functional assays confirmed the frequent recognition of HLA class I‐restricted T cell epitopes on several alternative alleles across HLA class I supertypes and encoded on different class I loci. These data have significant implications for the understanding of MHC class I‐restricted antigen presentation and vaccine development.
Preparation of Thiocarboxylate, Thiocarbamate and Xanthate Complexes of Pentacoordinate Nickel(II): Insertion of Heterocumulenes Into Nickel(II) Hydroxido Complexes
Authors: Santana M. Dolores , Sáez‐Ayala Magalí , García Luís , Pérez José , García Gabriel 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe hydroxido complexes [Ni(N3‐mc)(μ‐OH)]2[PF6]2 [N3‐mc = 2,4,4‐trimethyl‐1,5,9‐triazacyclododec‐1‐ene (N3‐mc1) or 2,4,4,9‐tetramethyl‐1,5,9‐triazacyclododec‐1‐ene (N3‐mc2)] react in the presence of alcohols with CS2 or PhNCS to yield xanthate [(N3‐mc)Ni{S2C(OR′)}][PF6] or O‐alkyl N‐phenylthiocarbamate [(N3‐mc)Ni{PhNC(OR′)S}][PF6] complexes; these compounds represent the first examples of N,S‐chelating thiocarbamates bound to nickel(II). The reactions of [Ni(N3‐mc)(μ‐OH)]2[PF6]2 with thiocarboxylic acids yield the corresponding thiocarboxylate derivatives [(N3‐mc)Ni{SC(O)R′}][PF6]. These paramagnetic nickel(II) complexes were characterized by both one‐ and two‐dimensional (COSY) 1H NMR spectroscopic techniques. The crystal structures of [(N3‐mc2)Ni(S2COCH3)][PF6] (2), [(N3mc2)Ni{PhNC(OCH2CH3)S}][PF6] (8), [(N3‐mc2)Ni{SC(O)CH3}][PF6] (10) and [(N3‐mc1)Ni{SC(O)Ph}][PF6] (11) were determined. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
In‐line liquid‐phase microextraction for selective enrichment and direct electrophoretic analysis of acidic drugs
Authors: Nozal Leonor , Arce Lourdes , Simonet Bartolomé M. , Ríos Ángel , Valcárcel Miguel 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThis work describes an efficient in‐line extraction‐preconcentration unit coupled to the electrophoretic capillary based on a liquid‐phase microextraction (LPME) process, which can be directly assembled to the cartridge of the commercial CE equipment. The unit permits analyte extraction, preconcentration and electrophoretic separation to be automatically performed in the commercial CE equipment without the need for additional hardware or software. This new approach was usefully used for the separation and determination of nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs in human urine permitting at least to analyze 30 consecutive real samples. The LODs were lower than 2 μg/L and the reproducibility, expressed as RSD, was 3.1% for the same unit and only 4.8% between different units.
Novel hydroxyethylcellulose‐graft‐poly acrylamide copolymer for separation of double‐stranded DNA fragments by CE
Authors: Yang Runmiao , Wang Yanmei , Zhou Dan 
Published: August 2007

AbstractA novel separation medium, hydroxyethylcellulose‐graft‐polyacrylamide (HEC‐g‐PAM) synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), used for dsDNA separation by CE is presented. The separation performance of HEC‐g‐PAM, which has the same graft density and different graft length, has been investigated in Tris–boric acid–EDTA (TBE) buffer solvent mixtures. The temperature‐dependent rheological behavior of HEC‐g‐PAM was also studied by steady‐shear rheometry. The results showed that dsDNA fragments between 72 and 1353 bp was achieved with a 30 cm effective capillary length at 150 V/cm using this type of graft copolymer as a separation medium in bare fused‐silica capillaries, and separation improvement is obtained in HEC‐g‐PAM compared with HEC and poly(dimethylacrylamide (PDMA).
On‐line chemical generation of tris(2,2′‐bipyridyl)ruthenium(III) and its application in CE with chemiluminescence detection
Authors: Ji Xinghu , He Zhike , Pang Daiwen 
Published: August 2007

AbstractA novel tris(2,2′‐bipyridyl)ruthenium(III) [Ru(bipy)33+]‐based chemiluminescence (CL) detection in CE using an on‐line chemical generation scheme has been demonstrated. Two continuous streams respectively containing solutions of Ru(bipy)32+ and acidic cerium(IV) used as a homogeneous chemical oxidant are employed to generate Ru(bipy)33+, which is delivered into the reaction capillary of a coaxial flow interface and then reacted with analytes at the end of the separation capillary to yield light. The important operational parameters for separation and detection are identified and optimized. Four α‐ketocarboxylic acids used as models, outside of the amine‐containing compounds, are successfully separated and detected to evaluate the feasibility of the approach. The excellent resolution and detection sensitivity was achieved by using 50 mmol/L phosphate running buffer (pH 9.5) with 0.7 mmol/L CTAB, and CL reagent solution streams containing 0.15 mmol/L Ru(bipy)32+ and 0.8 mmol/L cerium(IV) (0.25 mol/L H2SO4), respectively. The concentration detection limits for α‐ketocarboxylic acids were below 3.7×10−8 mol/L (S/N = 3). The proposed method was applied to the determination of α‐ketocarboxylic acids in five different honey samples with satisfactory results.
Mammalian ATPsynthase monomer versus dimer profiled by blue native PAGE and activity stain
Authors: Bisetto Elena , Di Pancrazio Francesca , Simula Maria Paola , Mavelli Irene , Lippe Giovanna 
Published: August 2007

AbstractStudies into the effects of oligomerization on F0F1ATPsynthase function are contradictory. We optimized the in‐gel ATPase assay to investigate the functional differences of monomers versus dimers. In Triton X‐100 extracts of heavy bovine heart mitochondria (HBHM) and mitoplasts, but not submitochondrial particles (MgATP‐SMP), dimers had greater specific activity than monomers: at 30°C, the dimer/monomer activity ratios were 2.3, 1.4, and 1.0, respectively. These differences in HBHM and mitoplasts extracts were enhanced at 37°C but lost at 20°C. In mitoplasts but not in MgATP‐SMP, dimers were selectively shielded from limited chymotrypsin degradation of F1 α subunit, possibly due to interactions with other proteins or ligands in the native inner membrane. Despite these differences, all three preparations had similar percentages of dimers and similar contents of the native inhibitor IF1 in Vm (monomer) and (dimer) Vd. These results suggest that, in native membrane, monomers and dimers are functionally distinct.
Compensation of actuator delay and dynamics for real‐time hybrid structural simulation
Authors: Ahmadizadeh M. , Mosqueda G. , Reinhorn A. M. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractCompensation of delay and dynamic response of servo‐hydraulic actuators is critical for stability and accuracy of hybrid experimental and numerical simulations of seismic response of structures. In this study, current procedures for compensation of actuator delay are examined and improved procedures are proposed to minimize experimental errors. The new procedures require little or no a priori information about the behavior of the test specimen or the input excitation. First, a simple approach is introduced for rapid online estimation of system delay and actuator command gain, thus capturing the variability of system response through a simulation. Second, an extrapolation procedure for delay compensation, based on the same kinematics equations used in numerical integration procedures is examined. Simulations using the proposed procedures indicate a reduction in high‐frequency noise in force measurements that can minimize the excitation of high‐frequency modes. To further verify the effectiveness of the compensation procedures, the artificial energy added to a hybrid simulation as a result of actuator tracking errors is measured and used for demonstrating the improved accuracy in the simulations. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Downstream variation in bed sediment size along the East Carpathian rivers: evidence of the role of sediment sources
Authors: Rădoane Maria , Rădoane Nicolae , Dumitriu Dan , Miclăuş Crina 
Published: August 2007

AbstractTaking as an example six main rivers that drain the western flank of the Eastern Carpathians, a conceptual model has been developed, according to which fluvial bed sediment bimodality can be explained by the overlapping of two grain size distribution curves of different origins.Thus, for Carpathian tributaries of the Siret, coarse gravel joins an unimodal distribution presenting a right skewness with enhanced downstream fining. The source of the coarse material distributions is autohtonous (by abrasion and hydraulic sorting mechanisms). A second distribution with a sandy mode is, in general, skewed to the left. The source of the second distribution is allohtonous (the quantity of sand that reaches the river‐bed through the erosion of the hillslope basin terrains). The intersection of the two distributions occurs in the area of the 0·5–8 mm fractions, where, in fact, the right skewness (for gravel) and left skewness (for sand) histogram tails meet. This also explains the lack of particles in the 0·5–8 mm interval. For rivers where fine sediment sources are low, the 0·5–8 mm fractions have a higher proportion than the fractions under 1 mm.For the Siret River itself, bed sediment bimodality is greatly enhanced due to the fact that the second mode is more than 25% of the full sample. As opposed to its tributaries, the source of the first mode, of gravel, is allohtonous to the Siret river, generated by the massive input of coarse sediment through the Carpathian tributaries, while the second mode, of the sands, is local. In this case we can also observe that the two distributions of particles of different origins overlap in the 0·5–8 mm fraction domain, creating the illusion of ‘particle lack’ in the fluvial bed sediments. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.