bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plasma zinc and iron concentrations as measurements for evaluating the influence of endotoxin-neutralizing agents in Escherichia coli endotoxin-induced mastitis
Authors: Verheijden J. H. M. , van Miert A. S. J. P. A. M. , Schotman A. J. H. , van Duin C. T. M. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The influence of bacterial lipopolysaccharides on plasma Zn and Fe concentrations and the endotoxinneutralizing capacity of polymyxin B was studied in 3 dairy cows. Also, the feasibility of using plasma Zn and Fe concentrations as measurements for evaluating the influence of endotoxinneutralizing agents in Escherichia coli endotoxin-induced mastitis was studied. A positive relationship was ascertained between the dose of endotoxin given intramammarily (imm) and the effect on mean values of plasma Zn and Fe concentrations.
Seemingly, imm administration of polymyxin B-sulfate before the imm administration of E coli endotoxin partially blocked the effects of endotoxin, as shown by decreases in plasma Zn and Fe.
Purification and partial characterization of a macrophage cytotoxin from Pasteurella haemolytica
Authors: Himmel M. E. , Yates M. D. , Lauerman L. H. , Squire P. G. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A protein from Pasteurella haemolytiea that was highly immunogenic and toxic toward bovine alveolar macrophages was partially purified. When isolated from culture supernatants of P haemolytiea serotype 1 or serotype 6, the protein reacted on Ouchterlony immunodiffusion tests with antisera from 12 serotypes of P haemolytiea, but did not cross-react with antisera to serotypes of P multocida. This indicated that the protein may be specific for P haemolytica.
Bacteria were grown in dialysis culture in a brain-heart infusion and calf-serum growth medium. The protein was isolated from the medium by ultrafiltration and size-exclusion chromatography and has a molecular weight of approximately 150,000 daltons. The protein, which is highly immunogenic and has the characteristics of a virulence factor, is common to all serotypes of P haemolytiea, and may be an effective agent for immunization against P haemolytica in cattle.
Ostertagia ostertagi in calves: Clinical parasitism and resistance
Authors: Herlich H. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Calves in groups of 3 were orally inoculated with 105, 3 × 105, 5 × 105, 7 × 105, and 9 × 105 Ostertagia ostertagi infective larvae. Two calves inoculated with the highest dosage died in the 3rd week. All survivors and a group of noninoculated controls were challenge exposed with 150,000 O ostertagi L3 on day 47 (or 5 days after initial infections were chemically terminated). There was no evidence that any inoculation dosage had provided protection of the calves against the challenge inoculation.
Controlled test of the efficacy of a feed premix formulation of crufomate on the parasites of the gastrointestinal tract and lungs of dairy calves
Authors: Lyons E. T. , Tolliver S. C. , Drudge J. H. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Activity of a feed premix formulation (M-1839) of crufomate against helminths of the gastrointestinal tract and lungs of cattle was determined in a controlled test. Eight calves were treated and 7 were nontreated. The dosage rate of crufomate was 17 mg of active drug/kg of body weight daily for 3 consecutive days.Removal activity was high against mature Cooperia oncophora (99%) and C punctata (96%) and immature Cooperia spp (87%). Removal of mature Ostertagia ostertagi was 68%. The removal of Strongyloides papillosus and Bunostomum phlebotomum was 72% and 67%, respectively, but only a few specimens were present in the nontreated calves. Efficacies against the other mature and immature species of nematodes ranged from 0% to 34%. Lungworms (Dictyocaulus viviparus) were not effectively removed.
Demonstration of rotavirus antigen in trypsin-digested paraffin tissue sections by immunofluorescence
Authors: Palmer Dieter G. , Pohlenz Joachim F. L. , Weilenmann Roseline P. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Trypsin-digested paraffin tissue sections were used to demonstrate rotavirus particles in small intestinal epithelial cells of diarrheic neonatal calves, using direct fluorescent-antibody assay. The results were compared with other techniques to demonstrate rotavirus particles in tissue sections by immunofluorescence. Enzyme treatment of deparaffinized tissue sections gave excellent results with distinct specific fluorescence and minimal background. Prior staining of the tissue section with Mayer’s hematoxylin made simultaneous observation of the same tissue section by light and ultraviolet microscopies possible.
Parafilaria bovicola (Tubangui 1934) in cattle: Epizootiology—Disease occurrence
Authors: Bech-Nielsen Steen , Sjogren Urban , Lundquist Hans 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Parafilaria bovicola, a filariid nematode affecting cattle, was first identified in Sweden in 1978. The parasite (female, 5 to 6 cm long, 500 μm wide; male, half that size) is associated with lesions caused when the worm is moving subcutaneously and im, giving rise to condemnation losses of approximately 6 kg of meat in an affected animal at slaughter.Several hypotheses were tested in a questionnaire survey among cattle owners in the enzootic area of the disease, attempting to investigate factors associated with its occurrence in Sweden: (i) Condemnation losses due to P bovicola were overrepresented among animals that came from herds held on pasture the previous year, as opposed to animals from farms with indoor cattle management only, indicating that infection of cattle occurs while they are on pasture, (ii) A statistically significant difference was found between affected and nonaffected herds with respect to age groups, with most cattle affected belonging to the 1- to 2-year age group. And (iii), frequency of Parafilaria-induced lesions showed a seasonal trend, increasing sharply in late December, remaining at about 30% of the slaughter population until July, at which time it dropped to insignificant levels. Seemingly delaying the time of slaughter of animals until the 2nd half of the year may ensure time for lesions to heal and lessen economic losses due to condemnations.
Comparison of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with an early polykaryocytosis inhibition assay and the agar-gel immunodiffusion test for the detection of antibodies to bovine leukemia virus
Authors: Graves Don C. , McQuade Matt , Weibel Kevin 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
An indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was developed, using as test antigen a bovine leukemia virus (blv) glycoprotein complex (94,000 daltons). The specificity of the elisa was determined by using specific bovine reference sera. There was a positive reaction using reference sera containing antibodies to blv, but a negative reaction to reference sera containing antibodies to other ubiquitous bovine agents, ie, bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), foamy-like syncytia virus (bsv), and bovine maedi-like (R-29) virus. The sensitivity of the elisa for detection of antibodies to blv was compared with that of the early polykaryocytosis inhibition assay (epia), which is based on inhibition of blv-induced early syncytia formation in cell culture, and with the agar-gel immunodiffusion (agid) test, using the major glycoprotein (gp51) as antigen. The sera that were tested came from cattle in a high occurrence leukemia herd, cattle in a commercial dairy herd, and from blood samples, obtained from cattle from various parts of Oklahoma, submitted to a diagnostic laboratory for diagnosis of blv infection.There was 96.2% agreement in the results of all sera tested using the 3 serotests. The greatest number of positive sera (153) were detected by the epia, followed by the elisa (148) and agid test (148). There was disagreement in the test results of only 16 sera. Of the 200 sera tested from the commercial dairy herd, 61 (30.5%) were positive by the elisa, 60 (30%) by the epia, and 57 (28.5%) by the agid test. In the 111 sera from the diagnostic laboratory, 45 (40.5%) were positive by the elisa, 45 (40.5%) by the epia, and 47 (42.3%) by the agid test. With the 102 sera from the high occurrence leukemia herd, 42 (41.2%) were positive by the elisa, 48 (47%) by the epia, and 44 (43.1%) by the agid test.The indirect elisa is another serotest that can be used for the diagnosis of blv infection in cattle. It is specific, equally as sensitive as the agid test, rapid to perform requiring inexpensive equipment, and may be the preferred serotest for screening large numbers of animals for blv infection.
Trypsin-enhanced replication of neonatal calf diarrhea coronavirus in bovine embryonic lung cells
Authors: Toth Thomas E. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Bovine embryonic lung (bel) cells, grown in 8-chamber cell-culture slides, were inoculated with 2.5, 25, and 250 tcid50 of neonatal calf diarrhea coronavirus (ncdcv)/chamber. The ncdcv inocula were prepared in serum-free, trypsin-free regular medium (rm), and in serum-free medium containing 1 μg (TM1), 5 μg (TM5), and 10 μg (TM10) of trypsin/ml; the cells were maintained under identical media. Cytopathic effect (cpe), hemadsorption of rat rbc, formation of syncytia, appearance of immunofluorescing cells, and release of infectious virus was followed from postinoculation hours 4 to 100.Maintaining the bel cells in medium containing trypsin up to 10 μg/ml did not affect them adversely. The bel cells appeared resistant to infection with ncdcv in rm by cpe, syncytia, immunofluorescing cells, or infectious virus-release parameters. In TM1, TM5, and TM10, all parameters were positive for ncdcv replication. They manifested and developed in positive correlation with increasing trypsin concentration from 1 μg to 10 μg/ml. Release of infectious virions preceded all other parameters of virus replication. Replication of ncdcv was demonstrated earlier by hemadsorption and immunofluorescing cells than by syncytia or cpe. The TM5 and TM10 increased the susceptibility of bel cells to ncdcv by more than a millionfold, as measured by the titer of released virus in these media (> 106 tcid50/ml) as compared with those in rm (infectious virus not demonstrated).
Influence of β-adrenergic antagonism on the response of bovine neonatal lungs to intravenous histamine
Authors: Kotlikoff M. I. , Slocombe R. F. , Robinson N. E. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The effects of iv histamine infusion and β-adrenergic blockade on pulmonary function were studied in neonatal Holstein calves. β-Adrenergic blockade with iv propranolol increased total pulmonary resistance, but was without effect on lung compliance, lung volumes, and gas exchange. β-Adrenergic blockade enhanced the histamine-induced increase in total pulmonary resistance and the decrease in dynamic and quasistatic compliance, lung volumes, and arterial oxygen tension. These data indicate that β-adrenergic receptors may be present in the large and small airways of cattle and they modulate the effects of bronchoconstrictor agents as in other species.
Quantitative ultrastructural anatomy of esophagus in different regions in the horse: Effects of alternate methods of tissue processing
Authors: Slocombe Ronald F. , Todhunter Rory J. , Stick John A. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A qualitative and quantitative study was made of 2 adult horses to determine the effect of specimen preparation and the influence of anatomically separate regions on the microscopic structure of the esophagus. The effects of 3 fixative solutions (formalin, Bouin’s fixative and Karnovsky’s fixative) and 4 histologic staining procedures (hematoxylin and eosin, Gomori’s trichrome, Laidlow’s reticulum, and orceinelastin) were compared. Density-dependent image analysis was used to compare the relative contributions of elastic and reticular fibers in esophageal connective tissue for each region. Cross-sectional dimensions of the tissue layers which comprise the esophageal wall were obtained by light microscopic measurement and were compared for each region. The mucosal surface structure was examined by scanning electron microscopy. Our results indicate that specimen preparation has significant effects on the structural integrity of esophageal tissues. Bouin’s fixative was inferior to the other fixatives in this regard. Furthermore, there are extensive regional differences in esophageal microstructure. Formalin-fixed tissues stained with either hematoxylin and eosin or Gomori’s trichrome appear the most suitable for routine quantitative morphologic studies of the equine esophagus.
Reduced, oxidized, and protein-bound glutathione concentrations in normal and cataractous lenses in the dog
Authors: Gelatt Kirk N. , Bruss Michael , DeCostanza Susan M. , Noonan Norine E. , Das Noveen D. , Wolf E. Daniel 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Amounts of reduced, oxidized, and protein-bound glutathione (gsh) were measured in normal and cataractous lenses of pups and adult dogs. Lenses from pups included normal lenses from clinically normal pups, clear lenses from Beagle pups bred for glaucoma, and congenital cataractous lenses from Miniature Schnauzer pups. Lenses from adults included normal lenses from normal mixed-breed dogs, congenital cataractous lenses from Miniature Schnauzers, and complete mature cataractous lenses from clinical patients of different breeds.
Glutathione in the normal lenses from pups and adult dogs is predominantly reduced gsh; oxidized gsh is about 2.1% to 2.6% of the reduced gsh values. The reduced gsh values are lower in normal pups [7.08 μmoles/g (wet wt) of lens] than in adults [7.83 μmoles/g (wet wt) of lens]; reduced gsh values decrease further in cataract formation. The decrease in oxidized gsh values parallel those of reduced gsh, except in the advanced cataracts of clinical patients in which oxidized gsh [0.045 μmoles/g (wet wt) of lens] was 9% of the gsh values.
The gsh bound to soluble and insoluble lens proteins of congenital cataractous Miniature Schnauzer pups was significantly (P < 0.01 and P < 0.02, respectively) lower per gram of protein than that in pups with normal lenses. However, the soluble and insoluble protein-bound gsh of congenital cataractous lenses of adult Miniature Schnauzers and lenses in clinical patients with mature cataracts [based on μmole of gsh/g (wet wt) of lens] were not significantly different (P > 0.05) from that in adult dogs with normal lenses.
Reversal of the neuroleptanalgesic effect of droperidol-fentanyl in the dog by 4-aminopyridine and naloxone
Authors: Booth Nicholas H. , Hatch Roger C. , Crawford Lester M. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
In dogs, the effects of 4-aminopyridine (4-ap) and naloxone hydrochloride, administered iv, were determined on the duration of neuroleptanalgesia (“sleep time”) induced by an im injection of droperidol-fentanyl. Duration of neuroleptanalgesia produced by droperidol-fentanyl was significantly (P < 0.01) decreased by the combined iv administration of 4-ap and naloxone.
A mixture of 4-ap (0.5 mg/kg of body weight) and naloxone hydrochloride (0.04 mg/kg), administered iv, markedly antagonized the cns effects of an im dose (1 ml/9 kg) of droperidol-fentanyl. All dogs immediately regained a normal standing posture and were able to walk voluntarily without evidence of ataxia or tranquilization.
The im doses of droperidol-fentanyl (5 ml/9 kg or 5× the recommended clinical dose) were partially antagonized by 4-ap plus naloxone. Although the dogs were aroused by 4-ap plus naloxone, contained absorption of the large dose (5×) of droperidol-fentanyl from the im site was apparently responsible for the partial relapse that occurred. The iv administration of yohimbine hydrochloride, an α2-adrenergic blocking agent, failed to reverse droperidol-fentanyl in these animals. Nevertheless, 4-ap plus naloxone prevented respiratory arrest that can follow the use of large im doses of droperidol-fentanyl.
The cardiopulmonary effects of 4-ap (0.5 mg/kg) iv were determined in 1 dog after pentobarbital sodium anesthesia. A transient decrease in arterial pressure was induced by 4-ap. Respiratory minute volume increased slightly. Electrocardiographic alterations were not observed. Electrocardiographic perturbations, including a ventricular arrhythmia of short duration, were observed after the iv administration of a 5-fold dose (2.5 mg/kg) of 4-ap.
Cardiopulmonary effects of 4-ap (0.5 mg/kg) and naloxone hydrochloride (0.04 mg/kg) in combination iv were determined in 1 dog after iv anesthetization with droperidol-fentanyl (0.086 ml/kg) and pentobarbital sodium (10 mg/kg of body weight). A transient decrease in arterial pressure occurred, followed by a slight increase in pressure. Immediately after administration of the antagonists, additional pentobarbital sodium was necessary to maintain anesthesia. Respiratory minute volume increased 3-fold after administration of 4-ap and naloxone.
Ventricular arrhythmia did not develop after administration of 4-ap plus naloxone. However, the amplitude of the R wave decreased, whereas the amplitudes of the T and P waves increased.
Seemingly, 4-ap plus naloxone iv may have value in dogs for reversal of neuroleptanalgesia induced by droperidol-fentanyl (im and/or iv) after restraint, therapeutic, diagnostic, orthopedic, dental, and surgical procedures. These antagonists also may be valuable antidotes for an inadvertent overdose of iv or im droperidol-fentanyl.
Cross-protection by a chemically altered vaccinal strain of Pasteurella multocida in mice and hamsters
Authors: Wong J. C. S. , Kucera C. J. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A chemically altered type A strain of Pasteurella multocida was used to vaccinate mice and hamsters. The vaccinated animals were challenge exposed with type A, B, and E isolates of P multocida. A degree of protection was afforded the vaccinated animals against homologous and heterologous challenge-exposure strains.
Hemodynamic and respiratory effects of segmental subarachnoid analgesia in adult Holstein cows
Authors: Skarda R. T. , Muir W. W. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Hemodynamic measurements, arterial and mixed venous blood gas tensions, and pH were determined in 13 adult, nonpregnant Holstein cows (511.3 ± 77.3 kg) after subarachnoid injection of a 5% procaine hydrochloride solution (av dosage level of 0.162 ± 0.026 mg/kg) at the thoracolumbar (T13-L1) intervertebral space.
Segmental analgesia occurred within 8 to 12 minutes after completing the procaine HCl injection and extended between spinal cord segments T7 and L3 on both sides of the spinal column. The average duration of analgesia, as determined by the cows’ responses to superficial and deep muscular pinpricks, was 35.8 ± 8.5 minutes (25 to 60 minutes, min-max). Subarachnoid injection of procaine HCl caused a significant (P < 0.05) increase in heart rate and significant (P < 0.05) decreases in pulse pressure and rectal temperature. Cardiac output, stroke volume, left ventricular stroke work, left ventricular minute work, total peripheral resistance, arterial blood pressure, arterial and mixed venous blood gas tensions, pH, oxygen transport, oxygen uptake, pcv, and total solids did not change significantly (P > 0.05) from base-line values. Similarly, no significant changes (P > 0.05) were observed in a group of 5 control cows after subarachnoid injection of sodium chloride solution (1.5 ml, 0.9%) at the T13-L1 intervertebral space.
Segmental subarachnoid analgesia caused minimal circulatory disturbance and was well tolerated by adult, conscious, unsedated cows.
Metabolism and pneumotoxicity of 3-methyloxindole, indole-3-carbinol, and 3-methylindole in goats
Authors: Potchoiba Michael J. , Carlson James R. , Breeze Roger G. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Mixed function oxidation of 3-methylindole (3-MI) causes acute bovine pulmonary edema and emphysema in ruminants. 3-Methyloxindole (3-MOI) and indole-3-carbinol (IC) are considered to be early metabolites in the oxindole and carboxylic acid pathways of 3-MI metabolism. 3-Methyloxindole and IC were administered to goats to determine whether the respective pathways are involved in 3-MI-induced pneumotoxicosis. Sixteen goats were blocked into 4 groups according to age and body weight, and a 5th group was designated as the control. Two groups of 4 goats were given 2-hour infusions of [3H]3-MOI or [3H]IC (0.04 g of 3-MOI or IC/kg of body weight containing 1.84 μCi of [3H]3-MOI or [3H]IC/kg of body weight). Two additional groups of 4 goats were given 2-hour double-isotope infusions of [14C]3-MI plus [3H]3-MOI or [14C]3-MI plus [3H]IC (0.02 g of 3-MI plus 0.02 g of 3-MOI or IC containing 0.57 μCi of [14C]3-MI with 1.84 μCi of [3H]3-MOI or [3H]IC/kg of body weight). The 4 control goats received an equivalent amount of the infusion dose.
Goats given 3-MOI or IC did not develop signs of toxicosis or pathologic changes typical of 3-MI-induced pulmonary injury. These results demonstrate that 3-MOI, IC, or metabolites of their respective pathways are not responsible for 3-MI-induced acute pulmonary edema in goats.
Anion-exchange chromatography of urinary samples obtained from goats infused with [14C]3-MI plus [3H]3-MOI yielded 9 14C-peaks that co-chromatographed with 9 3H peaks. Chromatography of urinary samples from goats given [3H]IC yielded 2 peak areas which could not be identified as major 3-MI metabolites. The chromatographic profiles for 3-MI did not contain any peaks not accounted for by 3-MOI or IC. This indicates that 3-MOI and IC are early metabolites of 3-MI metabolism and that other significant pathways do not exist. The toxicosis associated with 3-MI must result from a metabolic step before the formation of 3-MOI or IC or from a 3-MI metabolite of a minor pathway not detected in the study.
Effect of chloramphenicol on serum salicylate concentrations in cats and dogs
Authors: Akesson Carin E. , Linero Patricia E. M. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Cats and dogs were treated with chloramphenicol (165 mg/kg; iv) and 30 minutes later were given salicylate (100 mg/kg; iv) and others (controls) were given salicylate only. Serum salicylate concentrations were measured. Chloramphenicol, described as a microsomal enzyme inhibitor, while not affecting the salicylate concentrations in cats, produced a significant increase in dogs, indicating a low biotransformation rate of salicylate in the feline species.
Activated partial thromboplastin time and activated coagulation time in monitoring heparinized cats
Authors: Greene Craig E. , Meriwether Emily 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Cats were given heparin (iv or subcutaneously) at various dosages to determine the optimal dosage, route, and schedule for therapeutic anticoagulation. The activated coagulation time and activated partial thromboplastin time tests were used to evaluate heparin concentration. A dosage of 100 U/kg given iv produced an anticoagulation that was too brief and more potent than was desirable. Subcutaneous dosages of 250 and 375 U/kg produced therapeutically acceptable anticoagulation for 8 hours, whereas dosages of 500 and 1,000 U/kg caused an anticoagulation that was longer and more potent than was desirable. The activated coagulation time correlated well with the activated partial thromboplastin time in determining the degree of heparinization with certain limitations.