bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic susceptibilities in the association between maternal exposure to tobacco smoke and the risk of nonsyndromic oral cleft
Authors: Chevrier Cécile , Bahuau Michel , Perret Claire , Iovannisci David M. , Nelva Agnès , Herman Christine , Vazquez Marie‐Paule , Francannet Christine , Robert‐Gnansia Elisabeth , Lammer Edward J. , Cordier Sylvaine 
Published: August 2008

AbstractMaternal tobacco consumption is considered as a risk factor for nonsyndromic oral clefts. However, this risk is moderate and may be modulated by genetic susceptibilities, including variants of theTGFA,TGFB3andMSX1developmental genes and polymorphisms of genes of theCYP(1A1, 2E1) andGST(M1,T1) families involved in metabolic pathways of tobacco smoke compounds. This French case–control study (1998–2001; 240 nonsyndromic cases, 236 controls) included a case‐parent design (175 triad‐families) that made it possible to distinguish the direct effect of the child's genotype and maternally mediated effects. Maternal smoking during the first trimester of pregnancy was not associated with the oral cleft risk in this population, but we observed statistically significant increased risks associated with maternal exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS). No variant of any of the three developmental genes was significantly associated with oral cleft. The fetalCYP1A1*2Cvariant allele was associated with a statistically significant decreased risk, compared with the homozygous wild‐type: relative risk = 0.48, 95% confidence interval: 0.2, 1.0. Suggestive reduced risks were also observed for the maternalCYP1A1*2Callele and the fetalCYP2E1*5allele. TheGSTM1andGSTT1deletions appeared to play no role. Our findings suggest some interactions, with the strongest between ETS andCYP1A1orMSX1and between maternal smoking andCYP2E1. We did not confirm the maternal smoking‐infantGSTT1null interaction previously reported by other investigators. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Association of SLITRK1 to Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome
Authors: Miranda Debora M. , Wigg Karen , Kabia E. Mameisia , Feng Yu , Sandor Paul , Barr Cathy L. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractPreviously the Slit and Trk‐like family member 1 (SLITRK1) gene was identified as a candidate gene for Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome (GTS) based on a patient that carried a chromosomal inversion on 13q, as well as the identification of two rare DNA variants in the SLITRK1 gene. Since that report, studies have tested for the two rare variants in GTS and either did not find them, or when found, they did not segregate with the disorder in families, casting doubt on the relationship of this gene to GTS. We tested for these two rare variants and genotyped three polymorphisms that tag the currently identified major haplotypes of this gene in a sample of 154 nuclear families with GTS. In addition, the entire coding region was screened for novel DNA variants. We did not find the two reported rare variants in any of the probands or siblings in these families. We did however find significant evidence for association of a single polymorphism and of haplotypes of the three tagging polymorphisms. These findings provide the first support for the original finding indicating SLITRK1 as a susceptibility gene for GTS and indicate that further study of this gene in GTS is warranted. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The studies on the stimuli‐response of poly (N,N‐dimethylamino ethyl methacrylate/acrylic acid‐co‐acrylamide) complex hydrogel under DC electric field
Authors: Zhao Yanbing , Liu Wei , Yang Xiangliang , Xu Huibi 
Published: August 2008

AbstractA polyelectrolyte complex hydrogel, poly (N,N‐dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate/acrylic acid‐co‐acrylamide) hydrogel designed as PDMEAA, was prepared by the free radical copolymerization in aqueous solutions. Without chemical crosslinker, PDMEAA hydrogel network was formed by electrostatic attraction of the proton‐transfer between acrylic acid and N,N‐dimethylamino ethyl methacrylate. Since the electrostatic attraction could be weakened by the application of electric field, PDMEAA hydrogel was decomposed under contacted electric field. Various factors such as gel composition, the species and concentration of electrolytes, voltage, and the experimental set‐ups, could effect the decomposing process of PDMEAA hydrogel. In CaCl2 and MgCl2 solutions, PDMEAA hydrogel had no change under electric field. And in high concentration of NaCl and Na2SO4 solutions, PDMEAA hydrogel has been eroded linearly with the increasing time applied electric field. In low concentration of NaCl and Na2SO4 solutions, however, a swelling process was found before the erosion. The stimuli‐responsive mechanism was investigated through scanning electron microscope (SEM) and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Interaction of gamma radiation with PVA/PANi composite films: Structural and morphological studies
Authors: Bhat Narendra V. , Nate Mandar M. , Gore Ajit V. , Bhat Rasik M. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractPolyvinyl alcohol (PVA) films containing two different concentrations of polyaniline were prepared by solution casting technique. These films were irradiated with gamma radiation for various doses. Structural and morphological studies of control PVA as well as PVA/PANi composite films were carried out before and after the gamma radiation. Polyaniline is one of the interesting conducting polymers and has the property of changing its color and conductivity when switched between different oxidation states. This unique property of polyaniline was monitored by investigating UV/vis absorption spectra and changes in electrical conductivity. The changes observed could be correlated to the total dose received by the films. It is therefore proposed that PVA/PANi composite films can be used for fabricating radiation dosimeters. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
The analysis and design of a both open ended hollow fiber type RO module
Authors: Fujiwara Nobuya , Matsuyama Hideto 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe use of seawater desalination plants using RO technology has spread and the scale of the plants has increased. In such a situation, a larger‐sized RO module has been strongly required. The conventional hollow fiber type RO element is a single open‐ended (SOE) structure. That is, one side of the hollow fibers in the modules is opened and the other side is closed. In this SOE structure, the increase in the flow pressure loss of the permeated water which flows in the bore side of the hollow fibers prevents development of a large‐sized (longer) RO element. In this work, a both open‐ended (BOE) element was devised which can reduce the flow pressure loss of the permeated water. It has been confirmed by analysis and experiment that the permeate flow rate of BOE is greater by about 30% than that of SOE. Furthermore, the large‐sized RO module with high volume efficiency was designed using the performance analysis method that was confirmed to be applicable to BOE. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Multivalency: the hallmark of antibodies used for optimization of tumor targeting by design
Authors: Deyev Sergey M. , Lebedenko Ekaterina N. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractHigh‐precision tumor targeting with conventional therapeutics is based on the concept of the ideal drug as a “magic bullet”; this became possible after techniques were developed for production of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Innovative DNA technologies have revolutionized this area and enhanced clinical efficiency of mAbs. The experience of applying small‐size recombinant antibodies (monovalent binding fragments and their derivatives) to cancer targeting showed that even high‐affinity monovalent interactions provide fast blood clearance but only modest retention time on the target antigen. Conversion of recombinant antibodies into multivalent format increases their functional affinity, decreases dissociation rates for cell‐surface and optimizes biodistribution. In addition, it allows the creation of bispecific antibody molecules that can target two different antigens simultaneously and do not exist in nature. Different multimerization strategies used now in antibody engineering make it possible to optimize biodistribution and tumor targeting of recombinant antibody constructs for cancer diagnostics and therapy. BioEssays 30:904–918, 2008. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Shear buckling and dynamic bending in cloth simulation
Authors: Zhou Chuan , Jin Xiaogang , Wang Charlie C. L. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThis paper addresses the problem of simulating the mechanical behavior of cloth in computer animation, which is very important and challenging. The micro‐structure of woven fabrics leads to significantly different shear reaction from other sheet materials, which has been neglected in previous approaches of cloth simulation. Therefore, it is beneficial for cloth simulation to model the shear buckling and structural bending separately. We analyze the shear buckling yielded by the micro‐structure of woven and the dynamic bending based on the thin‐shell theory, and develop a compact implementation of the new model on mass‐spring systems. Experimental results show that the animations generated using this technique are with wrinkles and folds appearing and vanishing in a more natural way than other approaches. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chirality sensing with pores: Reactive signal amplifiers for otherwise undetectable small molecules
Authors: Henning Andreas , Matile Stefan 
Published: August 2008

AbstractRecently, we have introduced a concept to determine enantiomeric excess (ee) with synthetic multifunctional pores (Tanaka and Matile, Chirality 2008;20:307–312). The reported approach is, however, limited to macromolecules and not applicable to small molecules. The problem is that the ability of synthetic pores to respond to chemical stimulation decreases with the size and the charge of the analyte. Here we demonstrate that this problem can be overcome with reactive signal amplifiers that covalently capture elusive analytes for sensitive recognition by the pore. For proof of principle, we use L‐lactate and D‐lactate as representative pair of enantiomers, L‐lactate oxidase as stereospecific signal generator, and cascade blue hydrazide as reactive signal amplifier to capture the produced pyruvate. After stereospecific signal generation and reactive signal amplification, L‐lactate was detectable quantitatively and without further optimization in the presence of at least 99% ee of D‐lactate. Attempts to sense the traces of impurity in commercial samples of D‐lactate gave values in the expected range (99.6% ee expected, 99.3 ± 0.1% ee found). Chirality, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A new efficient enantioselective synthesis of (+)‐cis‐2‐methyl‐ 4‐propyl‐1,3‐oxathiane, a valuable ingredient for the aroma of passion fruit
Authors: Scafato Patrizia , Colangelo Antonella , Rosini Carlo 
Published: August 2008

AbstractA new simple route to (+)‐cis‐2‐methyl‐4‐propyl‐1,3‐oxathiane, the main component responsible of the passion fruit aroma is shown. Such a procedure consists in the sequence of the asymmetric conjugated addition of a thiol to trans‐2‐hexenal/cleavage of sulfide moiety, which allows to prepare, in only two steps, its immediate precursor, (R)‐3‐mercaptohexan‐1‐ol. Various procedures have been investigated for both the steps, using benzyl and tert‐butyl mercaptan as thiols. The best results have been achieved in the addition of benzyl thiol to trans‐2‐hexenal mediated by a proline‐derived organocatalyst, followed by debenzylation with sodium naphthalenide, affording (R)‐3‐mercaptohexan‐1‐ol with 84% e.e. and a yield much higher (32%) than that previously reported (8.5%). Chirality, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An effective route to fluorine containing asymmetric α‐aminophosphonates using chiral Bronsted acid catalyst
Authors: Bhadury Pinaki S. , Zhang Yuping , Zhang Sha , Song Baoan , Yang Song , Hu Deyu , Chen Zhuo , Xue Wei , Jin Linhong 
Published: August 2008

AbstractAsymmetric addition of dialkyl phosphites (CH2CH3, CH2CH2CH3, CH(CH3)2, CH2(CH2)3CH3, CH2CH2OCH3 and CH2CH2OC2H5) induced by chiral organocatalyst e.g. (R)‐ and (S)‐3,3′‐[3,5‐bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]2‐1,1′‐binaphthyl phosphate on fluorinated aldimines derived from cinnamaldehyde has been found effective to give new bioactive α‐aminophosphonates in good yields (58–73%) and high enantiomeric excess (64.6%–90.6%) under mild conditions. Chirality, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Memories of early attachment: the use of PBI as a predictor of outcome in Pesso–Boyden System Psychomotor (PBSP) group therapy, Cognitive–Behavioural Group Therapy (CBGT), Individual Cognitive–Behavioural Therapy (CBT) and Individual Treatment As Usual (TAU) with adult out‐patients
Authors: Ryum Truls , Vogel Patrick A. , Hagen Roger , Stiles Tore C. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractObjective: To examine the predictive validity of the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI) for outcome in individual and group psychotherapy.Method: Data from four different clinical trials were combined, yielding a total of 105 patients. After controlling for gender, age and initial symptomatic distress, the predictive validity of the PBI subscales was investigated using the symptom checklist‐90‐revised (SCL‐90‐R) and inventory of interpersonal problems‐64 (IIP‐64) at termination as dependent measures in each treatment condition using separate hierarchical multiple regression analyses.Results: Using the SCL‐90‐R at termination as dependent measure, reports of higher paternal and maternal care were related to a worse outcome in the Pesso–Boyden System Psychomotor condition, whereas reports of higher paternal care were related to a better outcome in the Cognitive–Behavioural Therapy condition. Also, higher maternal protection was related to a better outcome in the Cognitive‐Behavioral Group condition. Using the IIP‐64 at termination as dependent measure, reports of higher paternal protection were related to a better outcome in the Treatment As Usual condition.Discussion: The study shows that the PBI may function as a clinical predictor for treatment response, although the results were somewhat contrary to previous reportings. Future studies should contrast and investigate possible differences between individual and group treatments further, as well as more clearly defined diagnostic groups. Clinical implications are presented. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Vestigial expression in the Drosophila embryonic central nervous system
Authors: Guss Kirsten A. , Mistry Hemlata , Skeath James B. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe Drosophila central nervous system is an excellent model system in which to resolve the genetic and molecular control of neuronal differentiation. Here we show that the wing selector vestigial is expressed in discrete sets of neurons. We track the axonal trajectories of VESTIGIAL‐expressing cells in the ventral nerve cord and show that these cells descend from neuroblasts 1‐2, 5‐1, and 5‐6. In addition, along the midline, VESTIGIAL is expressed in ventral unpaired median motorneurons and cells that may descend from the median neuroblast. These studies form the requisite descriptive foundation for functional studies addressing the role of vestigial during interneuron differentiation. Developmental Dynamics 237:2483–2489, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Formation and Stability of the Gaseous Species LiAlCl4, Li2AlCl5 and LiAl2Cl7 – Mass Spectrometric and Quantum Chemical Studies
Authors: Saal H. , Milke E. , Brünig C. , Binnewies M. , Köppe R. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe formation of the gaseous species LiCl, Li2Cl2, AlCl3 and LiAlCl4 was shown by mass spectrometric studies of the reaction of solid LiCl with gaseous AlCl3 at 575 °C. Besides AlCl3 and Al2Cl6, the gas complexes LiAlCl4, Li2AlCl5 and LiAl2Cl7 were formed during the evaporation of liquefied LiAlCl4. The structures of the molecules under discussion were computed by quantum chemical DFT studies. Thermodynamic data of these molecules were determined by experimental methods (mass spectrometry), and the results were confirmed by theoretical calculations. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
The specification of GARCH models with stochastic covariates
Authors: Fleming Jeff , Kirby Chris , Ostdiek Barbara 
Published: August 2008

AbstractA number of studies investigate whether various stochastic variables explain changes in return volatility by specifying the variables as covariates in a GARCH(1, 1) or EGARCH(1, 1) model. The authors show that these models impose an implicit constraint that can obscure the true role of the covariates in the analysis. They illustrate the problem by reconsidering the role of contemporaneous trading volume in explaining ARCH effects in daily stock returns. Once the constraint imposed in earlier research is relaxed, it is found that specifying volume as a covariate does little to diminish the importance of lagged squared returns in capturing the dynamics of volatility. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 28:911–934, 2008
Histidine‐rich peptide: evidence for a single zinc‐binding site on H5WYG peptide that promotes membrane fusion at neutral pH
Authors: Buré Corinne , Maget Régine , Delmas Agnès F. , Pichon Chantal , Midoux Patrick 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe histidine‐rich peptide H5WYG (GLFHAIAHFIHGGWHGLIHGWYG) was found to induce membrane fusion at physiologic pH in the presence of zinc chloride. In this study, we examined the ion selectivity of the interaction of Zn2+ with H5WYG. This investigation was conducted by using adsorption at air/water interface and mass spectrometry. We found that a peptide–metal complex is formed with Zn2+ ions. Electrospray ionisation‐mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS) reveals that the [H5WYG + Zn + 2H]4+, [H5WYG + Zn + H]3+ and [H5WYG + Zn]2+ ions, appearing by increasing the amount of Zn2+ equivalent, correspond to a monomolecular H5WYG − Zn2+ complex. Tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) provides evidence for the binding of the single Zn2+ ion to the H11 and H19 and probably H15 residues. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Polybrusselator‐type models
Authors: Katime Issa , Ortiz Juan A. Pérez , Zuluaga Fabio , Mendizábal Eduardo 
Published: August 2008

AbstractIn this paper, the possibility for autocatalysis in polymerization reactions is explored by introducing part of a polymerization mechanism in a model known as Brusselator. It is assumed that monomer concentration is practically constant. Four possibilities are examined: (1) a first radical propagator X, which has an isomer of position of the free electron, Y, dimerizes reversibly and this dimer catalyzes the isomerization of Y to X; (2) the radical propagator X is a polymer with a critical degree of polymerization and has an isomer of position of the free electron Y. This critical radical propagator catalyzes the conversion of Y to X; (3) any radical propagator has an isomer of position of the free electron, Y, and any polymer obtained by recombination of the radicals can catalyze the conversion of Y into its corresponding isomer X; and (4) any radical propagator with a critical degree of polymerization can catalyze the conversion of Y into its corresponding isomer. Isomorphism equations are obtained in all mechanisms, which implies the possibility of limit cycle oscillations (Brusselator model). © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 40: 617–623, 2008
A kinetic Monte Carlo study on the nucleation mechanisms of oil‐soluble initiators in the miniemulsion polymerization of styrene
Authors: Rawlston Jonathan A. , Guo Juchen , Schork F. Joseph , Grover Martha A. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe use of oil‐soluble initiators in free‐radical miniemulsion polymerization has increased due to their ability to generate radicals primarily within monomer droplets. Existing theories concerning the nucleation mechanism for oil‐soluble initiators suggest that a single radical must be formed within a particle for propagation to occur, despite the fact that an oil‐soluble initiator molecule decomposes to form two radicals. According to existing theories, the primary source of nucleating radicals may be either within the particle or from the small amount of initiator in the aqueous phase. At the nanometer size of miniemulsion particles, concentration variables do not adequately describe the reactions in a particle, and use of such variables may lead to the inaccurate description of mechanisms within a particle. Application of the kinetic Monte Carlo algorithm allows for the simulation of individual reactive events, such as propagation or termination, while tracking macroscopic observables, such as conversion and molecular weight. Comparison of the simulation results to experimental data for styrene miniemulsion polymerization indicates that desorption of radicals may be more significant at smaller particle sizes and lower reaction temperatures. Oil‐soluble initiator radicals generated in the aqueous phase are found to be insignificant under typical conditions in the miniemulsion polymerization of styrene. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 6114–6128, 2008
Synthesis and characterization of fluorene‐based low‐band gap copolymers containing propylenedioxythiophene and benzothiadiazole derivatives for bulk heterojunction photovoltaic cell applications
Authors: Park Jin Su , Ryu Tae In , Song Myungkwan , Yoon Kyung‐Jin , Lee Myung Jin , Shin In Ae , Lee Gi‐Dong , Lee Jae Wook , Gal Yeong‐Soon , Jin Sung‐Ho 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe following noble series of soluble π‐conjugated statistical copolymers was synthesized by palladium catalyzed Suzuki polymerization: poly[(9,9‐dioctylfluorene)‐alt‐(4,7‐bis(3′,3′‐dihepyl‐3,4‐propylenedioxythienyl)‐2,1,3‐benzothiadiazole)] (PFO‐PTBT) derived from poly(9,9‐dioctylfluorene) (PFO) and poly[(4,7‐bis(3′,3′‐dihepyl‐3,4‐propylenedioxythienyl)‐2,1,3‐benzothiadiazole)] poly(heptyl4‐PTBT). The structure and properties of these polymers were characterized using 1H‐, 13C‐NMR, UV–visible spectroscopy, elemental analysis, GPC, DSC, TGA, photoluminescence (PL), and cyclic voltammetry (CV). The statistical copolymers, PFO‐PTBT (9:1, 8.4:1.6, 6.5:3.5), were soluble in common organic solvents and easily spin coated onto indium‐tin oxide (ITO) coated glass substrates. The weight‐average molecular weight (Mw) and polydispersity of the PFO‐PTBT ranged from (1.0–4.2) × 104 and 1.5–2.3, respectively. Bulk heterojunction photovoltaic cells with an ITO/PEDOT/PFO‐PTBT:PCBM/LiF/Al configuration were fabricated, and the devices using PFOPTBT (6.5:3.5) showed the best performance compared with those using PFO‐PTBT (9:1, 8.4:1.6). A maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 0.50% (Voc = 0.66 V, FF = 0.29) was achieved with PFO‐PTBT (6.5:3.5). © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 6175–6184, 2008