bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A simplified analysis of doubly symmetric tube structures
Authors: Takabatake Hideo , Takesako Ryoichi , Kobayashi Masaki 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThis paper discusses the exactness of a simplified analytical method proposed by Takabatake et al. (1993) to use in preliminary stages of the design to doubly symmetric single and double frame‐tubes in high‐rise structures. The simplified method is formulated by replacing the tube with an equivalent rod, including the effect of the bending, transverse shear deformation, shear‐lag and torsion. The discontinuous variation of sectional stiffness of tube structures, due to the variation of frame members and attached braces, is expressed as a continuous function by means of the extended Dirac function. The exactness of the closed‐form solutions proposed here for the deflection, shear‐lag, and torsional angle of variable tube structures with braces is established from static and dynamic numerical results for doubly symmetric single and double frame‐tubes with braces, in which the results obtained from the proposed solutions are compared with results obtained from three‐dimensional frame analysis using the FEM codes NASTRAN and DEMOS.
A new method for the design of tall buildings: The mit design method
Authors: Pouangare C. C. , Connor J. J. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractA new method for the design of tall and super‐tall buildings is presented in this paper. The method is based on transforming the stiffness properties of the building to equivalent beam properties. The equivalent beam is allowed to deform both in bending and shear to capture the true behavior of the building. The method is a stiffness based approach that later requires checks for strength. This is quite appropriate since the design of tall and super‐tall buildings is governed by stiffness and not by strength. Knowing the load and assuming a desired shape of the beam, the required shear and bending rigidities of the beam can be calculated. The method is robust and easy to apply, and is particularly suited for space truss systems. The simplicity and efficiency of the method are illustrated with an example.
Framing sliver buildings
Authors: Cruvellier Mark R. , Smith Bryan Stafford 
Published: April 2007

AbstractOver the past decade, one of the most remarkable advances in tall building design has been their construction to unprecedented slenderness ratios. In this paper, the authors review some of the basic and innovative structural framing arrangements that have been found from first‐hand experience to be particularly appropriate to so‐called ‘sliver’ buildings. Also, case studies of four landmark New York City buildings are presented in which some of these framing concepts have been applied.
Design of coupled wall structural systems
Authors: Moazzami Sara 
Published: April 2007

AbstractIn most building codes, there are very limited guidelines regarding the proportioning of the walls and coupling beams. Consequently, the response of the coupled wall assemblies during a moderate to major earthquake has been noted to fall short of acceptable ductile behavior (see J. Moehle (Ed.), ‘Preliminary report on the seismological and engineering aspects of the January 17, 1994 Northridge earthquake’, Report No. UCB/EERC‐94/01, Earthquake Engineering Research Centre, University of California at Berkeley, January 1994). The objective of this paper is to discuss some of the current practices in the proportioning and design of coupled wall assemblies, highlight some of the shortcomings of these methods, and provide a new design guideline aimed at a more comprehensive design of structures.
Dynamic study of ductile framed shearwalls
Authors: Dai Hang , Ding Dajun 
Published: April 2007

AbstractBased on FEM analysis and low frequency cyclic loading testing, this paper successfully proposes a new breed of ductile framed shearwall with numerous short horizontal keyways to constitute a X‐shaped weakening for improving its earthquake resistance. By adopting the above design innovation, two 4‐story R.C. shearwall models of 1:16 scale (with one ordinarily designed wall tested on the same base beam as the comparison) were constructed and a shaking table test was conducted by direct earthquake inputs, the test went through the whole process of elastic, cracking and failing stages of the models; a comparison of the dynamic response and behavior between these two models was also made. The results demonstrate that the suggested shearwall has a much better capacity for earthquake resistance.
State of the art of the construction and design of and research on tall buildings in the people's Republic of China
Authors: Ding Dajun 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThis paper presents the general situation and developing characteristics of tall buildings in the People's Republic of China and gives typical examples of structural systems consisting of frames, frame‐shearwalls, shearwalls, frames supporting shearwalls and tubes. It also provides a basic survey of the foundations used in tall buildings. Finally, structural design and relevant experimental research are introduced briefly.
Seismic performance analysis of a multistory steel moment frame building damaged during the 1994 Northridge earthquake
Authors: Naeim Frazad , Dijulio Roger M. , Benuska Kalman V. , Reinhorn Andrei M. , Li Chen 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThis paper presents results of performance analysis studies on an eleven story steel moment frame building located in west Los Angeles which was damaged during the 17 January 1994 Northridge earthquake. Extensive field inspections of damage were performed prior to the start of this investigation. These inspections/tests revealed some degree of damage in more than 28% of the moment frame joints of the building. Extensive two‐ and three‐dimensional, linear and nonlinear, static and dynamic analyses of the building are conducted as a part of this study to investigate and correlate observed damage with various elastic and inelastic analytical damage predictors. Statistical correlations of observed damage patterns with various analytical damage indicators are presented.
Elastic and inelastic analysis for weld failure prediction of two adjacent steel buildings
Authors: Hart Gary C. , Huang Sampson C. , Lobo Roy F. , Stewart Joe 
Published: April 2007

AbstractTwo adjacent buildings near the epicenter of the January 17th Northridge earthquake, one with weld fractures and one without weld fractures, are considered in this research. Both buildings are six stories in height, and their primary lateral force resisting system comprises special moment resisting frames above grade. The buildings considered are referred to herein as the East Building and the West Building. Two basic types of computer studies were performed. One was an elastic 3‐D analysis using SAP90, and the other an inelastic 2‐D analysis using DRAIN‐2DX. Three different models were, created for the elastic analysis. Two for the East Building, designated the ‘benchmark model’, and the ‘probable model’, and one for the West Building, designated the ‘West Building model’. Two different models were created for the inelastic analysis only for the East Building, also called the benchmark model and the probable model. The East Building was unoccupied at the time of the earthquake, hence two models were created for this building. The benchmark model is representative of the design state of the building, while the probable model is representative of the state of the building at the time of the earthquake. The West Building, which was fully occupied at the time of the earthquake, was modeled similarly to the benchmark. Elastic and inelastic studies were performed on these models to determine if a correlation exists between analysis and observed behavior. The findings from the analysis showed no damage to the West Building with possible damage to the East Building. This result is corroborated by the damage survey.
Rule 144A: Why Foreign Companies Are “Taking the Plunge” into the US. Private Placement Market
Authors: Barton David J. 
Published: April 2007

Abstract172e SEC'S new Rule 144A will encourage foreign issuers to sell their securities in the US., and US. institutional investors can expect a greater variety of foreign investment alternatives than ever before. But some US. companies seeking to raise funds through private securities offerings may eventually need to contend with the additional competition for US. investment dollars created by the foreign oferings. It's all part of what is fast becoming an international market for capital.
EC standards process: Why U.S. firms should participate
Authors: Diebold David K. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractNew European Community product standards and certification rules will have a major impact on US. sales there in coming years. With stronger European growth and the lower US. dollar creating broad opportunities for US. exporters, businesspeople must actively participate in the standards‐setting process by commenting upon technical positions and draft proposals, both in the national standards organizations and in Europe‐wide standards bodies.
Hiring for Subsidiaries in Developing Countries
Authors: Ballarin Oswaldo 
Published: April 2007

AbstractIf local personnel are qualified or can be trained to fill managerial positions in a subsidiary located in a developing country, then MNCs should give them the opportunity to do so. When local talent isn%'t available, expatriates should be used but they need to be fully briefed about the culture, language, and other aspects of the developing country to be their home.
Six months after the merger of the two Germanys
Authors: Sommerlatte Thomas 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe merger of the two Germunys was expected to be messy over the short term but over the longer term lead to a powerhouse unlike anything Europe has ever seen before. Six months or so later, the merger has not been as messy as it could have been, but some of the expected positive developments have been slow to get of the ground too.
Competitive bidding strategies for European public contracts
Authors: Cova Bernard , Kassis Jane 
Published: April 2007

AbstractPublic contracts would seem a wonderful opportunity for firms outside the EC, but European public contracts seem closed to competition between European countries, let alone countries outside the EC. Recent new directives by the European Commission suggest a change, albeit a slow one, in the situation, and there are as well competitive bidding strategies European and US. Jirms may want to consider to open the door for their participation in this large marketplace.
U.S. immigration policy: Responding to domestic labor shortages and a global economy
Authors: Rodino Peter W. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractLast October, Congress approved a major revision to U.S. laws governing legal immigration. Its objective was to respond to domestic labor shortages within the setting of the new global economy. Peter Rodino was instrumental in that bill%'s passage, and believes the U.S. executives must posses a working knowledge of our nation%'s immigration policies.
Characterization of the RNA binding energetics of the Candida albicans poly(A) polymerase
Authors: Bougie Isabelle , Bisaillon Martin 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe 3′ ends of eukaryotic mRNAs are characterized by the presence of a poly(A) tail, which plays a critical role in stability, transport, and translation of the mRNAs. In the present study, we report the expression, purification and enzymatic characterization of the poly(A) polymerase of Candida albicans, an important human pathogen. As a first step toward elucidating the nature of the interaction between RNA and the enzyme, fluorescence spectroscopy assays were also performed to monitor the binding of RNA to the protein. Our assays revealed that the initial interaction between RNA and the enzyme is characterized by a high enthalpy of association and that the minimal RNA binding site of the enzyme is eight nucleotides. Moreover, both the kinetics of real‐time RNA binding and the contribution of electrostatic interactions to the overall binding energy were investigated. Finally, we also correlated the effect of RNA binding on protein structure, using both circular dichroism and guanidium hydrochloride‐induced denaturation studies as structural indicators. Our data indicate that the protein undergoes structural modifications upon RNA binding, although the interaction does not significantly modify the stability of the protein. In addition to the determination of the energetics of RNA binding, our study provides a better understanding of the molecular basis of RNA binding by poly(A) polymerases. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Responsiveness and stable revivals
Authors: Reed J. N. , Roscoe A. W. , Sinclair J. E. 
Published: April 2007

Abstract
Individual components in an inter-operating system require assurance from other components both of appropriate functionality and of suitable responsiveness. We have developed properties which capture the notion of non-blocking responsive behaviour, together with machine-based checks implemented in the CSP model-checker, FDR. In this paper we illustrate the use of our responsiveness properties with a small example, and provide a detailed comparison to related work in CCS. This work has led to the discovery of a new semantic model for CSP with respect to which such properties are fully abstract. We present the new stable revivals model and discuss implications for responsiveness checking.
Changing systems by changing individuals: the incubation approach to systems change
Authors: Staggs Susan L. , White Marlita L. , Schewe Paul A. , Davis Erica B. , Dill Ebony M. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThis article describes and evaluates the implementation of an innovative approach to systems change, the incubation approach, which was developed on a systems change project designed to increase the capacity of multiple systems (e.g., law enforcement, child protection, domestic violence, mental health, early education) to respond to children's exposure to violence. The incubation approach encourages change agents to collaborate with project staff to gently nurture, or “incubate,” feasible and warranted change in target systems. Project staff gain concrete commitment from motivated and accessible change agents and collaborate with those agents to implement change actions. This approach works well with committed, executive‐level change agents in target systems, with stable systems that have low turnover and well‐integrated subsystems, and when seed funds are provided to key organizations.
Systems change as an outcome and a process in the work of community collaboratives for health
Authors: Emshoff James G. , Darnell Adam J. , Darnell Doyanne A. , Erickson Steve W. , Schneider Stan , Hudgins Rebekah 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe widespread development of comprehensive community initiatives that aim to improve community health is driven by the need to change the systems charged with delivering the services and creating the policies related to a variety of health outcomes. Georgia's Family Connection initiative is the nation's largest statewide network of community collaboratives for health, with collaboratives operating in 159 counties. Data on community context, collaborative processes, engagement in systems change, and changes in programs and activities implemented, gathered consistently at the collaborative level over 3 years, will be used to answer the following questions. How do community contexts and the structure and processes of collaboratives affect implementation of systems change? How do systems changes affect intermediate outcomes such as the type of programs offered in a community? Longitudinal change in systems change and program implementation is described and significant predictors of between‐collaborative variation in longitudinal change for each outcome are identified.
Getting the social organism thinking: strategy for systems change
Authors: Christens Brian D. , Hanlin Carrie E. , Speer Paul W. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe ability of community researchers/practitioners to facilitate systems change is constrained by social power—particularly the capacity to shape ideology [S. Lukes (1974). Power: A radical view. Hampshire: MacMillan] and frequently power molds ideologies which undermine systems thinking. Following what Mills [C. W. Mills, (1959).The sociological imagination. New York: Oxford University Press] (termed the “sociological imagination”, this article makes the case for a strategy of systems change that promotes an integrated focus on systems and their constituent individuals. Both of these components are understood to continuously shape each other. Thesocial imaginationis introduced as a way to conceptualize the intersection between individuals' conceptions of systems and the ways that systems work to form individual identities and perceptions of social reality. Examples of attempts at systems change from community organizing and public health are used to illustrate both common fallacies and potential future directions for systems change efforts.
Statin therapy depresses total body fat oxidation in the absence of genetic limitations to fat oxidation
Authors: Fisher N. M. , Meksawan K. , Limprasertkul A. , Isackson P. J. , Pendergast D. R. , Vladutiu G. D. 
Published: April 2007

SummaryCholesterol lowering drugs are associated with myopathic side effects in 7% of those on therapy, which is reversible in most, but not all patients. This study tested the hypothesis that total body fat oxidation (TBFO) is reduced by statins in patients with genetic deficiencies in FO, determined by white blood cells (FOwbc) and by molecular analysis of common deficiencies, and would cause intolerance in some patients. Six patients on statin therapy without myopathic side effects (tolerant) and 7 patients who had previously developed statin‐induced myopathic symptoms (intolerant) (age=58 ± 8.25 yrs, ht.=169±11 cm, and wt. = 75.4 ±14.2 kg) were tested for TBFO (Respiratory Exchange Ratio, RER) pre‐ and during exercise. FOwbc was not significantly different between tolerant and intolerant (0.261 ±0.078 vs. 0.296 ±0.042 nmol/h per 109 wbc), or normals (0.27 ±0.09 nmol/h per 109 wbc) and no common molecular abnormalities were found. Pre‐exercise RER (0.73 ±0.05 vs. 0.84 ±0.05) was significantly lower in the intolerant group and the Vo2 at RER=1.0 (1.27 ±0.32 vs. 1.87±0.60 L/min) greater than the tolerant. Post‐exercise lactates were not different between groups. Although dietary fat intake was not different, blood lipoprotein levels, particularly triglycerides were 35% lower in tolerant than previously intolerant. TBFO and blood lipoproteins were reduced in tolerant patients in spite of the absence of genetic limitations, but not in the intolerant group as hypothesized. Although not conclusive, these data suggest the need for a prospective study of the effects of statins on fat oxidation.
Effects of three different conjugated linoleic acid preparations on insulin signalling, fat oxidation and mitochondrial function in rats fed a high-fat diet
Authors: Choi Joo Sun , Koh In-Uk , Jung Myeong Ho , Song Jihyun 
Published: April 2007

To investigate the effects of three different conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) preparations containing different ratios of CLA isomers on insulin signalling, fatty acid oxidation and mitochondrial function, Sprague–Dawley rats were fed a high-fat diet either unsupplemented or supplemented with one of three CLA preparations at 1 % of the diet for 8 weeks. The first CLA preparation contained approximately 30 %cis-9,trans-11 (c9,t11)-CLA isomer and 40 %trans-10,cis-12 (t10,c12)-CLA isomer (CLA-mix). The other two preparations were an 80:20 mix (c9,t11-CLA-mix) or a 10:90 mix of two CLA isomers (t10,c12-CLA-mix). Insulin resistance was decreased in all three supplemented groups based on the results of homeostasis model assessment and the revised quantitative insulin-sensitivity check index. The phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-1 on serine decreased in the livers of all three supplemented groups, while subsequent Akt phosphorylation increased only in thet10,c12-CLA-mix group. Both thec9,t11-CLA-mix and thet10,c12-CLA-mix increased the expression of hepatic adiponectin receptors R1 and 2, which are thought to enhance insulin sensitivity and fat oxidation. Thec9,t11-CLA-mix increased protein and mRNA levels of PPARα, acyl-CoA oxidase and uncoupling protein, which are involved in fatty acid oxidation and energy dissipation. Thec9,t11-CLA-mix enhanced mitochondrial function and protection against oxidative stress by increasing the activities of cytochromecoxidase, manganese-superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase and the level of GSH. In conclusion, all three CLA preparations reduced insulin resistance. Among them, thec9,t11-CLA-mix was the most effective based on the parameters reflecting insulin resistance and fat oxidation, and mitochondrial antioxidative enzyme activity in the liver.
Prevalence of depression in older people in England and Wales: the MRC CFA Study
Authors: McDOUGALL FIONA A. , KVAAL KARI , MATTHEWS FIONA E. , PAYKEL EUGENE , JONES PETER B. , DEWEY MICHAEL E. , BRAYNE CAROL 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACTBackgroundDepression in old age is an important public health problem. The aims of this study were to report the prevalence of depression in the Medical Research Council Cognitive Function and Ageing Study (MRC CFAS), a community-based, cohort.MethodFollowing screening of 13 004 people aged 65 and over from a population base, a stratified random subsample of 2640 participants received the Geriatric Mental State (GMS) examination and were diagnosed using the Automated Geriatric Examination for Computer-Assisted Taxonomy (AGECAT) algorithm.ResultsThe prevalence of depression was 8·7% [95% confidence interval (CI) 7·3–10·2], increasing to 9·7% if subjects with concurrent dementia were included. Depression was more common in women (10·4%) than men (6·5%) and was associated with functional disability, co-morbid medical disorder, and social deprivation. Prevalence remained high into old age, but after adjustment for other associated factors, it was lower in the older age groups.ConclusionsThe prevalence of depression in the elderly is high and remains high into old age, perhaps due to increased functional disability.