bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermal treatments to partially pre‐cook and improve the shelf‐life of whole pearl millet flour
Authors: Nantanga Komeine KM , Seetharaman Koushik , de Kock Henriette L , Taylor John RN 
Published: June 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: Pearl millet flour is highly susceptible to rancidity during storage. Urbanization has created a demand for pearl millet flour with longer shelf‐life and short cooking time. To try to prevent rancidity and pre‐cook the flour, pearl millet grain was subjected to the thermal treatments of toasting, boiling, and toasting then boiling.RESULTS: Fat acidity of flour from the untreated grain increased from 0.11 to 3.73 g KOH kg−1 during three months' storage, whereas the wet thermally treated samples showed no significant increase (P > 0.05). Peroxide and conjugated diene values of wet thermally treated samples increased substantially, whereas those of flour from untreated grain did not, indicating less formation of rancid final oxidation products in the wet thermally treated samples. Starch degree of cook of the wet thermally treated samples was two times higher than the other treatments. Descriptive sensory evaluation revealed that porridges of flour from untreated grain were associated with hydrolytic rancidity, whereas those of flours from thermally treated grains were not. Consumers showed a preference for the porridges prepared from flour of boiled as well as toasted grain.CONCLUSION: Thermal treatments can be applied to extend whole pearl millet flour shelf‐life, and the treatment of boiling can be used to produce pearl millet flour that cooks more quickly. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Fatty acid composition of advanced olive selections obtained by crossbreeding
Authors: León Lorenzo , De la Rosa Raúl , Gracia Aurelio , Barranco Diego , Rallo Luis 
Published: June 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: An olive‐breeding programme aimed at obtaining new cultivars for olive oil production was initiated in Spain in 1991, with oil quality being considered one of the most important objectives. In this study the oil fatty acid composition of 15 advanced olive selections coming from crosses between ‘Arbequina’, ‘Frantoio’ and ‘Picual’ cultivars was evaluated.RESULTS: A strong genetic effect and significant differences between genotypes were obtained for all fatty acids and ratios evaluated. The results allowed the classification of genotypes into four groups according to their fatty acid composition, with the percentages of C18:1, C18:2 and saturated fatty acids being the main contributors to the total variation. The relationship between the results of the initial seedling population and those of the advanced selections indicated that an efficient selection for fatty acid composition could be carried out by considering only a single year of evaluation at the seedling stage.CONCLUSION: A quite different fatty acid composition in the oil of 15 advanced selections and their three genitors was obtained. These results suggest that new olive cultivars with fatty acid composition fulfilling consumer and market demands could be obtained through crossbreeding in the future. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
A confirmatory factor analysis of the acute stress disorder interview
Authors: Brooks Robert , Silove Derrick , Bryant Richard , O'Donnell Meaghan , Creamer Mark , McFarlane Alexander 
Published: June 2008

AbstractAcute stress disorder (ASD) was introduced in 1994 to describe posttraumatic stress reactions that occur in the initial month after trauma exposure. Although it comprises the distinct symptom clusters of dissociation, reexperiencing, avoidance, and arousal, there have been no confirmatory factor analyses of the construct. In this study, 587 individuals admitted to five major hospitals after traumatic injury were administered the Acute Stress Disorder Interview. Forty‐four participants met criteria for ASD. Confirmatory factor analysis based on the four symptom clusters described the Acute Stress Disorder Interview responses. These data provide the first confirmatory factor analysis of the ASD symptoms, and are discussed in terms of the 4‐factor models repeatedly found in samples of chronic posttraumatic stress disorder.
Longitudinal linkages between perceived social support and posttraumatic stress symptoms: Sequential roles of social causation and social selection
Authors: Kaniasty Krzysztof , Norris Fran H. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe authors examined social causation and social selection explanations for the association between perceptions of social support and psychological distress. Data came from a sample of 557 victims of natural disaster in Mexico. Structural equation modeling analyses indicated that social causation (more social support leading to less posttraumatic stress disorder [PTSD]) explained the support‐to‐distress relationship in the earlier postdisaster phase, 6 to 12 months after the impact. Both causal mechanisms emerged as significant paths in the midpoint of the study (12 and 18 months). Only social selection (more PTSD leading to less social support) accounted for the support‐to‐distress relationship at 18 to 24 months after the event. Interpersonal and social dynamics of disasters may explain why these two contrasting causal mechanisms emerged over time.
Lifetime family violence exposure is associated with current symptoms of eating disorders among both young men and women
Authors: Brady Sonya S. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThis study examines (a) whether different forms of lifetime family violence exposure are associated with current eating disorder symptoms among young adults, (b) whether current symptoms of depression and anxiety both mediate these links, and (c) whether findings differ by gender. Participants were 319 university students aged 18–20 years (56% male). Independent of gender, both direct victimization by family violence and witnessing family violence were associated with eating disorder symptoms. Symptoms of depression and anxiety partially mediated these associations, and results did not vary by gender. Findings suggest that depression and anxiety may play a role in the development and maintenance of eating disorder symptoms subsequent to repeated incidents of family violence exposure.
A2 diagnostic criterion for combat‐related posttraumatic stress disorder
Authors: Adler Amy B. , Wright Kathleen M. , Bliese Paul D. , Eckford Rachel , Hoge Charles W. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractIndividuals trained to respond to a potentially traumatic event may not experience the posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) A2 diagnostic criterion of fear, helplessness, or horror and yet may still report significant PTSD symptoms. The present study included interviews with 202 soldiers returning from a year in Iraq. Although reporting an A2 response was associated with higher PTSD Checklist scores, there were no significant differences in the percentage of subjects who met cutoff criteria for PTSD. The most common alternative A2 responses were related to military training and anger. The A2 criterion for PTSD should be expanded so as not to underestimate the number of individuals trained for high‐risk occupations who might benefit from treatment.
Posttraumatic growth in bereaved parents
Authors: Engelkemeyer Sean M. , Marwit Samuel J. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI), Revised Grief Experience Inventory, and World Assumptions Scale were administered to 111 bereaved parents. The PTGI scores indicate that many bereaved parents report personal growth in domains outlined by L.G. Calhoun and R. G. Tedeschi (2001). Grief intensity was inversely correlated with growth scores. Self‐worth was a strong predictor of growth scores, whereas assumptions about the benevolence and meaningfulness of the world were not correlated with growth.
Attachment organization, emotion regulation, and expectations of support in a clinical sample of women with childhood abuse histories
Authors: Cloitre Marylene , Stovall‐McClough Chase , Zorbas, Patty , Charuvastra Anthony 
Published: June 2008

AbstractDespite the consistent documentation of an association between compromised attachment and clinical disorders, there are few empirical studies exploring factors that may mediate this relationship. This study evaluated the potential roles of emotion regulation and social support expectations in linking adult attachment classification and psychiatric impairment in 109 women with a history of childhood abuse and a variety of diagnosed psychiatric disorders. Path analysis confirmed that insecure attachment was associated with psychiatric impairment through the pathways of poor emotion regulation capacities and diminished expectations of support. Results suggest the relevance of attachment theory in understanding the myriad psychiatric outcomes associated with childhood maltreatment and in particular, the focal roles that emotion regulation and interpersonal expectations may play.
The contribution of stressful life events throughout the life cycle to combat‐induced psychopathology
Authors: Solomon Zahava , Zur‐Noah Shlomit , Horesh Danny , Zerach Gadi , Keinan Giora 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThis study examines the contribution of prewar life events, war exposure, and postwar life events to combat‐induced psychopathology among 425 Israeli War veterans from the Lebanon War. Data was collected at two time points (1983 and 2002). The sample included veterans with and without combat stress reaction (CSR). Battle intensity and subjective experience of risk in war were associated with CSR. Negative childhood life events, CSR, PTSD in 1983 and postwar negative life events were associated with PTSD in 2002. Furthermore, a path analysis revealed that CSR mediated the relation between battle intensity and PTSD in 2002. Our findings suggest that stressful life events throughout the life cycle contribute significantly to veterans' posttraumatic symptomatology, above and beyond combat exposure.
Estimating population prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder: An example using the PTSD checklist
Authors: Terhakopian Artin , Sinaii Ninet , Engel Charles C. , Schnurr Paula P. , Hoge Charles W. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe PTSD Checklist (PCL) is among the most widely used self‐report instruments for assessing PTSD. To determine PCL's performance on a population level, the authors combined data from published studies that compared the PCL with structured diagnostic interviews. Weighted average sensitivities and specificities were calculated for cutoff categories most often reported in the literature. Weighted average sensitivity decreased from .85 to .39 and specificity increased from .73 to .97 for cutoffs ranging from 30 to 60. The PCL's ability to accurately estimate PTSD prevalence varied as a function of cutoff and true PTSD prevalence. In populations with a true PTSD prevalence of 15% or less, cutoff values below 44 will substantially overestimate PTSD prevalence. Uncalibrated use of the PCL for prevalence estimation may lead to large errors.
A group randomized trial of critical incident stress debriefing provided to U.S. peacekeepers
Authors: Adler Amy B. , Litz Brett T. , Castro Carl Andrew , Suvak Michael , Thomas Jeffrey L. , Burrell Lolita , McGurk Dennis , Wright Kathleen M. , Bliese Paul D. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractIn a group randomized trial of critical incident stress debriefing (CISD) with platoons of 952 peacekeepers, CISD was compared with a stress management class (SMC) and survey‐only (SO) condition. Multilevel growth curve modeling found that CISD did not differentially hasten recovery compared to the other two conditions. For those soldiers reporting the highest degree of exposure to mission stressors, CISD was minimally associated with lower reports of posttraumatic stress and aggression (vs. SMC), higher perceived organizational support (vs. SO), and more alcohol problems than SMC and SO. Soldiers reported that they liked CISD more than the SMC, and CISD did not cause undue distress.
Factorial invariance of posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms across three veteran samples
Authors: McDonald Scott D. , Beckham Jean C. , Morey Rajendra , Marx Christine , Tupler Larry A. , Calhoun Patrick S. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractResearch generally supports a 4‐factor structure of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. However, few studies have established factor invariance by comparing multiple groups. This study examined PTSD symptom structure using the Davidson Trauma Scale (DTS) across three veteran samples: treatment‐seeking Vietnam‐era veterans, treatment‐seeking post‐Vietnam‐era veterans, and Operation Enduring Freedom/Operation Iraqi Freedom (OEF/OIF) veteran research participants. Confirmatory factor analyses of DTS items demonstrated that a 4‐factor structural model of the DTS (reexperiencing, avoidance, numbing, and hyperarousal) was superior to five alternate models, including the conventional 3‐factor model proposed by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM‐IV; American Psychiatric Association, 1994). Results supported factor invariance across the three veteran cohorts, suggesting that cross‐group comparisons are interpretable. Implications and applications for DSM‐IV nosology and the validity of symptom measures are discussed.
Posttraumatic stress symptoms, PTSD, and risk factors among lower Manhattan residents 2–3 years after the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks
Authors: DiGrande Laura , Perrin Megan A. , Thorpe Lorna E. , Thalji Lisa , Murphy Joseph , Wu David , Farfel Mark , Brackbill Robert M. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractManhattan residents living near the World Trade Center may have been particularly vulnerable to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after the September 11, 2001 (9/11) terrorist attacks. In 2003–2004, the authors administered the PTSD Checklist to 11,037 adults who lived south of Canal Street in New York City on 9/11. The prevalence of probable PTSD was 12.6% and associated with older age, female gender, Hispanic ethnicity, low education and income, and divorce. Injury, witnessing horror, and dust cloud exposure on 9/11 increased risk for chronic PTSD. Postdisaster risk factors included evacuation and rescue and recovery work. The results indicate that PTSD is a continued health problem in the local community. The relationship between socioeconomic status and PTSD suggests services must target marginalized populations. Followup is necessary on the course and long‐term consequences of PTSD.
Synthesis and characterization of polyaniline‐multiwalled carbon nanotube nanocomposites in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate
Authors: Jeevananda T. , Siddaramaiah  , Kim Nam Hoon , Heo Seok‐Bong , Lee Joong Hee 
Published: June 2008

AbstractPolyaniline‐carboxylic acid functionalized multi‐walled carbon nanotube (PAni/c‐MWNT) nanocomposites were prepared in sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) emulsion. First, the c‐MWNTs were dispersed in SDS emulsion then the aniline was polymerized by the addition of ammonium persulfate in the absence of any added acid. SDS forms the functionalized counterion in the resulting nanocomposites. The content of c‐MWNTs in the nanocomposites varied from 0 to 20 wt%. A uniform coating of PAni was observed on the c‐MWNTs by field‐emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The PAni/c‐MWNT nanocomposites have been characterized by different spectroscopic methods such as UV‐Visible, FT‐Raman, and FT‐IR. The UV‐Visible spectra of the PAni/c‐MWNT nanocomposites exhibited an additional band at around 460 nm, which implies the induced doping of the MWNTs by the carboxyl group. The FT‐IR spectra of the PAni/c‐MWNT nanocomposites showed an inverse intensity ratio of the bands at 1562 and 1480 cm−1 as compared to that of pure PAni, which reveals that the PAni in the nanocomposites is richer in quinoid units than the pure PAni. The increase in the thermal stability of conductivity of the nanocomposites was due to the network structure of nanotubes and the charge transfer between the quinoid rings of the PAni and the c‐MWNTs. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
New insights into form and function of fibronectin splice variants
Authors: White ES , Baralle FE , Muro AF 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe extracellular matrix (ECM) is a highly dynamic structure that not only provides a physical framework for cells within connective tissues, but also imparts instructive signals for development, tissue homeostasis and basic cell functions through its composition and ability to exert mechanical forces. The ECM of tissues is composed of, in addition to proteoglycans and hyaluronic acid, a number of proteins, most of which are generated after alternative splicing of their pre‐mRNA. However, the precise function of these protein isoforms is still obscure in most cases. Fibronectin (FN), one of the main components of the ECM, is also one of the best‐known examples of a family of proteins generated by alternative splicing, having at least 20 different isoforms in humans. Over the last few years, considerable progress on elucidating the functions of the alternatively spliced FN isoforms has been achieved with the essential development of key engineered mouse strains. Here we summarize the phenotypes of the mouse strains having targeted mutations in the FN gene, which may lead to novel insights linking function of alternatively spliced isoforms of fibronectin to human pathologies. Copyright © 2008 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Discovery of myopodin methylation in bladder cancer
Authors: Cebrian V , Alvarez M , Aleman A , Palou J , Bellmunt J , Gonzalez‐Peramato P , Cordón‐Cardo C , García J , Piulats JM , Sánchez‐Carbayo M 
Published: June 2008

AbstractMyopodin is an actin‐binding protein that shuttles between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. After identifying an enriched CpG island encompassing the transcription site of myopodin, we aimed at evaluating the potential relevance of myopodin methylation in bladder cancer. The epigenetic silencing of myopodin by hypermethylation was tested in bladder cancer cells (n = 12) before and after azacytidine treatment. Myopodin hypermethylation was associated with gene expression, being increased in vitro by this demethylating agent. The methylation status of myopodin promoter was then evaluated by methylation‐specific polymerase chain reaction (MS‐PCR) analyses. Myopodin was revealed to be frequently methylated in a large series of 466 bladder tumours (68.7%). Myopodin methylation was significantly associated with tumour stage (p < 0.0005) and tumour grade (p = 0.037). Myopodin expression patterns were analysed by immunohistochemistry on tissue arrays containing bladder tumours for which myopodin methylation was assessed (n = 177). The presence of low nuclear myopodin expression alone (p = 0.031) or combined with myopodin methylation (p = 0.008) was associated with poor survival. Moreover, myopodin methylation in 164 urinary specimens distinguished patients with bladder cancer from controls with a sensitivity of 65.0%, a specificity of 79.8%, and a global accuracy of 75.3%. Thus, myopodin was identified to be epigenetically modified in bladder cancer. The association of myopodin methylation and nuclear expression patterns with cancer progression and clinical outcome, together with its ability to detect bladder cancer patients using urinary specimens, suggests the utility of incorporating myopodin methylation assessment in the clinical management of patients affected by uroepithelial neoplasias. Copyright © 2008 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tight junction composition is altered in the epithelium of polycystic kidneys
Authors: Yu ASL , Kanzawa SA , Usorov A , Lantinga‐van Leeuwen IS , Peters DJM 
Published: June 2008

AbstractKidney cysts in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) undergo progressive enlargement together with luminal fluid secretion. This involves active, uphill transcellular Cl− transport which drives passive Na+ and water secretion. Implicit in this mechanism is the assumption that the paracellular permeability of the cyst epithelium to Cl− must be very low. Claudins are tight junction (TJ) transmembrane proteins that determine the ion selectivity of paracellular barriers. The aim of this study was to determine the expression and localization of claudins within renal cysts in a mouse hypomorphic model of ADPKD and in human patients. We found that the majority of cysts were of collecting duct origin. Claudins normally expressed in collecting duct (3, 4, 7, 8, and 10) were found in small cysts. However, only claudin‐7 persisted at substantive levels in the dedifferentiated epithelium of large, presumably late‐stage cysts, where it was localized both at the TJ and basolaterally. The constitutively expressed TJ proteins, ZO‐1 and occludin, were also abundantly expressed and correctly localized, suggesting that the basic infrastructure of the TJ is preserved. A previous study suggested that claudin‐7 may function as a paracellular Cl− barrier. We postulate that the role of claudin‐7 in ADPKD is to seal the paracellular route in Cl−‐secreting cyst epithelium, preventing backleak of Cl−, and that it thereby plays a permissive role in fluid secretion and cyst growth. Copyright © 2008 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gastroschisis: sonographic diagnosis, associations, management and outcome
Authors: David Anna L. , Tan Aileen , Curry Joseph 
Published: June 2008

AbstractGastroschisis is a defect in the abdominal wall, typically on the right side of a normally inserted umbilical cord through which bowel and other abdominal contents herniate. Classically, no membrane covers the herniated abdominal contents, which distinguishes the defect from exomphalos, an important differential diagnosis. Gastroschisis is usually diagnosed prenatally using ultrasound examination. The prevalence is increasing worldwide from approximately 0.1 per 10 000 total births in the 1970s to over 5 in the early 2000s. The reasons for this are unknown, but factors such as maternal smoking, recreational drugs and young maternal age are strongly associated with the defect. The increasing prevalence is causing concern because the cost of treating gastroschisis is high. Neonatal morbidity depends on significant complicating factors such as bowel atresia or necrosis and prolonged post‐operative ileus. Foetuses with gastroschisis are more likely to be born premature and with intra‐uterine growth restriction, both of which contribute to the morbidity. Gastroschisis requires early surgery after birth, often followed by prolonged neonatal care. However, advances in surgical and post‐operative care in the last decade have meant that currently 90% of affected neonates survive, with few long‐term problems. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.