bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Serum Adiponectin and Bone Mineral Density in Women
Authors: Richards J. B. , Valdes A. M. , Burling K. , Perks U. C. , Spector T. D. 
Published: February 2007

Abstract
Context: Bone mineral density (BMD) is positively associated with body weight. This association persists even at non-load bearing sites, suggesting that a nonmechanical factor such as an adipocyte-derived hormone may modulate BMD.
Objective: The objective of the study was to evaluate the relationship between adiponectin, an adipocyte-derived hormone, and BMD.
Design, Setting, Participants: A total of 1735 nondiabetic women were recruited from a large, population-based cohort (mean age, 50.0 yr). We employed linear regression methods to estimate the relationship between adiponectin and BMD.
Main Outcome Measures: Percentage change in BMD (as measured at total hip, spine, femoral neck, and forearm) and markers of bone turnover associated with a doubling of fasting serum adiponectin levels were measured.
Results: Employing age-adjusted analysis, each doubling of serum adiponectin was associated with a mean 2.7% decrease in BMD [total hip, −3.2% (95% confidence interval, −4.1, −2.3); femoral neck, −3.1% (−4.0, −2.1); forearm, −2.0 (−2.6, −1.4); spine, −2.6 (−3.5, −1.7)]. After adjustment for potential confounding factors, including BMI, serum leptin, central fat mass, hormone replacement therapy, smoking, and exercise, this relationship persisted, although decreased in magnitude. When stratified by menopausal status, the relationship between serum adiponectin and BMD strengthened in postmenopausal women but disappeared in premenopausal women. Serum adiponectin was positively associated with serum osteocalcin but not with urine deoxypyridinoline.
Conclusions: After adjustment of measures of body fat, increasing levels of adiponectin were associated with a decrease in BMD, even at non-load bearing sites. These data suggest that adiponectin, an adipocyte-derived hormone, may play a role in bone metabolism through nonmechanical mechanisms and that this effect may be mediated by menopausal status.
Vapor Switching of Photochromism of Methylenebis{N-(3,5-di-tert-butylsalicylidene)aniline} Crystals
Authors: Taneda Masatsugu , Koyama Hiroyuki , Kawato Toshio 
Published: February 2007

Abstract
Photochromic behavior of 5,5′-methylenebis{2-(3,5-di-tert-butylsalicylideneamino)phenol} crystal, which exhibited vapochromism, was completely controlled by contact with methanol vapor. Maintenance of a reaction room in the crystal was the key to start solid-state photoinduced isomerizaton of Schiff base.
Dehydrogenative Condensation of (o-Borylphenyl)hydrosilane with Alcohols and Amines
Authors: Kawachi Atsushi , Zaima Masatoshi , Tani Atsushi , Yamamoto Yohsuke 
Published: February 2007

Abstract
o-[(Dimesitylboryl)phenyl]dimethylsilane (1a) undergoes dehydrogenative condensation with alcohols and amines, giving the corresponding alkoxysilanes 4–7 and aminosilanes 8 and 9 in moderate to high yields. It is plausible that the ortho-boryl group in 1a electrophilically activates the Si–H bond.
Jawole Willa Jo Zollar's Womb Wars: Embodying Her Critical Response to Abortion Politics
Authors: Chatterjea Ananya 
Published: February 2007

On a table placed in the center of the stage squats a woman dressed in a rust-colored dress. The focus of the lighting on her, which keeps the rest of the performance space darkened, underscores her presence in isolation. Her arms are stretched out in front, parallel to each other, reaching to no one. The palms are rigid, the separated fingers are taut with tension. Her voice reaches out in a deep undertone, the mouth opens wide to enunciate each word by itself, reinforcing the strange disconnectedness between the relaxation of her lower back and pelvis, and the tension of her upper body, the emphasized separation between her fingers. Her eyebrows are raised, furrowing multiple lines of puzzled anguish across her forehead. Almost motionless, her eyes wide open and unflickering in the trembling light of the candle that is placed in front of her on the table, she speaks in near-choked baritones:I go down to the river to cleanse myself. I see the stranger dumping sewage in the river. The stranger, he see me. He beat me and rape me. I go to tell my father. He beat me too. I go to tell my mother. She stay silent. I go to tell the doctor. The doctor, he cut my insides out. Who gonna care 'bout the river? Who gonna care 'bout me?
Molecular, physiological, and growth responses to sodium stress in C4 grasses from a soil salinity gradient in the Serengeti ecosystem
Authors: Hamilton E. William , McNaughton Samuel J. , Coleman James S. 
Published: February 2007

The concentration of soil sodium (Na) is an important factor that influences species distribution in the Serengeti short‐grass plains, Tanzania. Experiments were conducted to characterize physiological (growth, photosynthetic, nutrients, and water relations) and molecular (heat shock proteins and organic solutes) responses to high soil sodium in four Serengeti C4 grasses. The species tested were Andropogon greenwayi and three species of Sporobulus, S. ioclados, S. kentrophyllus and S. spicatus. Andropogon greenwayi occurs on locations with low soil Na concentrations, S. ioclados on low to moderate, S. kentrophyllus moderate to high, and S. spicatus on soils with high Na concentration.Among all four species, short‐term physiological and molecular responses to Na treatments (0, 100, and 400 mmol/L Na) were correlated with their field soil Na concentrations. Sporobulus kentrophyllus and S. spicatus exhibited rapid molecular induction of heat shock proteins in response to experimental soil Na treatments within 24 h and had increased levels of proline within 96 h in contrast to A. greenwayi and S. ioclados. Photosynthetic rates and water relations were positively correlated with field soil Na concentrations and Hsp induction was clearly associated with photosynthetic tolerance. Long‐term (6 wk) responses of the four species to Na treatment were consistent with the short‐term responses to Na. Species that occur on low Na soils in the field did not survive past week 1 when treated with 400 mmol/L Na and exhibited significant reductions in biomass when treated with 100 mmol/L Na. Reduced biomass was associated with increased shoot tissue Na concentrations, and thus Na tolerance correlated with the Na concentrations of field leaf tissue. The results demonstrate that the community distribution of these species reflects their Na tolerance and that the observed physiological and molecular responses in tolerant species may have adaptive significance.
Evolutionary trends in safety factors against wind‐induced stem failure
Authors: Niklas Karl J. , Speck Thomas 
Published: February 2007

We explore the hypothesis that the safety factor against wind‐induced stem failure remained high during early land plant evolution despite an evolutionary increase in height with concomitant increases in wind‐induced drag forces, bending stresses, and moments. This hypothesis was examined for 17 Paleozoic plant species assuming that each (1) existed in a densely packed community of conspecifics with equivalent height, (2) coped with the same wind profile (where ambient wind speed decreased toward ground level), but (3) had different within‐canopy wind speeds depending on plant height and general morphology. Drag forces, stresses, and moments were computed, and a safety factor was calculated for each taxon using the quotient of its stem‐tissue breaking stress and maximum wind‐induced bending stress.The highest factors of safety were calculated among the most ancient rhyniophyte and zosterophyllophyte species examined (e.g., Rhynia and Gosslingia), and, on average, decreased among the taller and geologically younger species. The tallest species examined (e.g., Archaeopteris and Diaphorodendron) had safety factors equal to or higher than those of some of their presumed ancestors (e.g., Psilophyton and Leclercqia). These trends were statistically more robust among rhyniophytes and their presumed descendants.Even though the results comply with the hypothesis, numerous limitations of our protocol exist (e.g., the requirement for reliable whole‐plant reconstructions). These are discussed in terms of our theory. Nonetheless, we believe our theory and protocol afford a reasonable opportunity to explore the effects of wind on early plant evolution.
Phylogenetic relationships among species of the neotropical genus Randia (Rubiaceae, Gardenieae) inferred from molecular and morphological data
Authors: Gustafsson Claes , Persson Claes 
Published: February 2007

AbstractRelationships among 38 taxa of Randia (Rubiaceae, Gardenieae) are estimated using nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacers (ITS), the 5S non‐transcribed spacer (5S‐NTS), and six morphological characters. In addition to Randia, 13 species from eight related genera in Gardenieae (four African, four neotropical) formed the ingroup. Three species from three more distantly related genera in Gardenieae (one African, two neotropical) were chosen as the outgroup. Representatives of the African ingroup genera Calochone, Macrosphyra, Oligocodon and Preussiodora formed a well supported monophyletic group as did the neotropical genera Rosenbergiodendron, Sphinctanthus and Tocoyena. Only when including morphological characters did Randia form a monophyletic group corresponding approximately to contemporary circumscription of the genus, but in this analysis Casasia appears sister to a group of Mexican, Central American, and Antillean Randia. There is no strong jackknife support, however, for either Randia or Casasia to be monophyletic. It is concluded that Randia is comprised of several distinct groups, each with its own geographical distribution. One group of Mexican, Central American, and Antillean Randia, including the type species, can be recognized as Randia in a strict sense. Two other South American groups can be recognized as separate taxa. One of these groups comprises mainly lowland species, and the second is comprised of strictly Andean species.
Classification of the North American species of Atriplex section Obione (Chenopodiaceae) based on numerical taxonomic analysis
Authors: Olvera Hilda Flores 
Published: February 2007

AbstractNorth America is one of three main centers of species endemism for Atriplex, one of the largest genera in Chenopodiaceae. The monoecious herbaceous plants with Kranz anatomy, bibracteolate pistillate flowers lacking a perianth, cuneate to obovate fruiting bracteoles (usually broadest above the middle and connate at least to the middle), and erect seeds with superior radicles have been classified in Atriplex section Obione, which contains 32 species in North America. A numerical taxonomic analysis of the 32 species of the section, based on 30 morphological characters, was carried out to evaluate existing infra­sectional classifications. The phenetic analyses (cluster and ordination) suggest recognition of seven subsections, four of which are monotypic (Graciliflorae, Leucophyllae, Powellianae, and Truncatae). The largest group contains all species previously considered as the “pentandra group”, here recognized as subsection Arenariae. Another cluster includes A. cordulata, A. depressa, A. parishii, A. pusilla, A. tularensis, and A. wolfii, supporting the recognition of subsection Pusillae. Another cluster suggests recognition of subsection Argenteae, including A. argentea and A. saccaria, which where considered previosusly as monotypic subsections. Atriplex hillmanii is left as incertae sedis, its relationship with A. truncata needing further clarification.
A new interpretation of floral morphology in Garrya (Garryaceae)
Authors: Liston Aaron 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPrevious descriptions of Garrya (Garryaceae) floral morphology are inconsistent. Anatomical studies have long confirmed that the pistillate flowers possess an inferior ovary. Descriptions of the staminate flowers sometimes describe a vestigial superior ovary; other authors report no such structure. New observations of staminate flowers confirm the presence of an intrastaminal structure. I hypothesize that the structure previously interpreted as a vestigial ovary is, in fact, a vestigial nectary disc. Thus the staminate flowers cannot be considered hypogynous and do not contradict the interpretation of the pistillate flowers as epigynous. This observation resolves the paradox of contrasting floral form in the pistillate and staminate flowers.
Glatiramer acetate in primary progressive multiple sclerosis: Results of a multinational, multicenter, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial
Authors: Wolinsky Jerry S. , Narayana Ponnada A. , O'Connor Paul , Coyle Patricia K. , Ford Corey , Johnson Kenneth , Miller Aaron , Pardo Lillian , Kadosh Shaul , Ladkani David ,   PROMiSe Trial Study Group
Published: February 2007

AbstractObjectiveTo determine whether glatiramer acetate (GA) slows accumulation of disability in primary progressive multiple sclerosis.MethodsA total of 943 patients with primary progressive multiple sclerosis were randomized to GA or placebo (PBO) in this 3‐year, double‐blind trial. The primary end point was an intention‐to‐treat analysis of time to 1‐ (entry expanded disability status scale, 3.0–5.0) or 0.5‐point expanded disability status scale change (entry expanded disability status scale, 5.5–6.5) sustained for 3 months. The trial was stopped after an interim analysis by an independent data safety monitoring board indicated no discernible treatment effect on the primary outcome. Intention‐to‐treat analyses of disability and magnetic resonance imaging end points were performed.ResultsThere was a nonsignificant delay in time to sustained accumulated disability in GA‐ versus PBO‐treated patients (hazard ratio, 0.87 [95% confidence interval, 0.71–1.07]; p = 0.1753), with significant decreases in enhancing lesions in year 1 and smaller increases in T2 lesion volumes in years 2 and 3 versus PBO. Post hoc analysis showed that survival curves for GA‐treated male patients diverged early from PBO‐treated male subjects (hazard ratio, 0.71 [95% confidence interval, 0.53–0.95]; p = 0.0193).InterpretationThe trial failed to demonstrate a treatment effect of GA on primary progressive multiple sclerosis. Both the unanticipated low event rate and premature discontinuation of study medication decreased the power to detect a treatment effect. Post hoc analysis suggests GA may have slowed clinical progression in male patients who showed more rapid progression when untreated. Ann Neurol 2007;61:14–24
Aluminum phthalocyanine: an active and simple catalyst for cyanosilylation of aldehydes
Authors: Rajagopal Gurusamy , Kim Sung Soo , George Soney C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAluminum phthalocyanine (AlPc) in the presence of Ph3PO acts as a highly effective catalyst for cyanosilylation of various aldehydes to the corresponding cyanohydrin trimethylsilyl ethers. The reaction proceeds smoothly with 5 mol% catalyst loading at room temperature, giving up to 96% yield. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and Characterization of Tb[N(CN)2]3×2H2O and Eu[N(CN)2]3×2H2O: Two New Luminescent Rare‐Earth Dicyanamides.
Authors: Nag Abanti , Schmidt Peter J. , Schnick Wolfgang 
Published: February 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Thermal Behavior of a New Molybdenum—Oxygen Cluster: [Ni(en)3] 2(H3BO3) (MoO4)2×(6H2O).
Authors: Liu Zhi‐Hong , Li Hong‐juan 
Published: February 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
2,6‐Dibromo‐3,5‐dimethylpyridine and 2,6‐Diiodo‐3,5‐dimethylpyridine.
Authors: Pugh David 
Published: February 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Dirhodium Tetracarboxylates Derived from Adamantylglycine as Chiral Catalysts for Enantioselective C—H Aminations.
Authors: Reddy Ravisekhara P. , Davies Huw M. L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Novel Immobilization Method of Enzymes Using a Hydrophilic Polymer Support.
Authors: Kobayashi Juta , Mori Yuichiro , Kobayashi Shu 
Published: February 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Addition of sec‐Alcohols to Alkynes Through a Radical Process Using NHPI/Co(II)/O2 System.
Authors: Oka Ryouhei , Nakayama Masami , Sakaguchi Satoshi , Ishii Yasutaka 
Published: February 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Titanocene‐Mediated Homolytic Opening of Epoxysilanes.
Authors: Puljic Nicolas , Albert Matthias , Dhimane Anne‐Lise , Fensterbank Louis , Lacote Emmanuel , Malacria Max 
Published: February 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
N‐Methylpyrolidin‐2‐one Hydrotribromide (MPHT) as a New and Efficient Reagent for the Oxidation of Sulfides to Sulfoxides and Sulfones.
Authors: Joseph Jomy K. , Jain Suman L. , Sain Bir 
Published: February 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of Propargylic Fluorides from Allenylsilanes.
Authors: Carroll Laurence , Pacheco M. Carmen , Garcia Ludivine , Gouverneur Veronique 
Published: February 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Triethylgallium as a Nonnucleophilic Base to Generate Enolates from Ketones.
Authors: Nishimura Yoshio , Miyake Yutaka , Amemiya Ryo , Yamaguchi Masahiko 
Published: February 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Simplification of the Mitsunobu Reaction. Di‐p‐chlorobenzyl Azodicarboxylate: A New Azodicarboxylate.
Authors: Lipshutz Bruce H. , Chung David W. , Rich Brian , Corrall Ricardo 
Published: February 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Cucurbit[7]uril: A Simple Macrocyclic, pH‐Triggered Hydrogelator Exhibiting Guest‐Induced Stimuli‐Responsive Behavior.
Authors: Hwang Ilha , Jeon Woo Sung , Kim Hee‐Joon , Kim Dongwoo , Kim Hyunuk , Selvapalam Narayanan , Fujita Norifumi , Shinkai Seiji , Kim Kimoon 
Published: February 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Unusual Endoperoxide Isomerizations: A Convenient Entry into 2‐Vinyl‐2‐cyclopentenones from Saturated Fulvene Endoperoxides.
Authors: Erden Ihsan , Oecal Nueket , Song Jiangao , Gleason Cindy , Gaertner Christian 
Published: February 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Trifluoromethyl‐Radical‐Mediated Carbonylation of Alkanes Leading to Ethynyl Ketones.
Authors: Uenoyama Yoshitaka , Fukuyama Takahide , Morimoto Keisuke , Nobuta Osamu , Nagai Hidefumi , Ryu Ilhyong 
Published: February 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
An Environmentally Benign Process for the Hydrogenation of Ketones with Homogeneous Iron Catalysts.
Authors: Enthaler Stephan , Hagemann Bernhard , Erre Giulia , Junge Kathrin , Beller Matthias 
Published: February 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Facile Electrochemical Transformation of Diazonium Salts into Carboxylic Acids.
Authors: Otero M. Dolores , Batanero Belen , Barba Fructuoso 
Published: February 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Reductive Activation of Arenes. Part 19. Mechanism and Some Synthetic Applications of the Alkylation of Phthalodinitrile Radical Anion.
Authors: Panteleeva E. V. , Vaganova T. A. , Luk'yanets E. A. , Shteingarts V. D. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Pd(OAc)2‐Catalyzed Domino Reactions of 1‐Chloro‐2‐haloarenes and 2‐Haloaryl Tosylates with Hindered Grignard Reagents via Palladium‐Associated Arynes.
Authors: Dong Cheng‐Guo , Hu Qiao‐Sheng 
Published: February 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Improvement and Simplification of Synthesis of 3‐Aryloxy‐1,2‐epoxypropanes Using Solvent‐Free Conditions and Microwave Irradiations. Relation with Medium Effects and Reaction Mechanism.
Authors: Pchelka Beata K. , Loupy Andre , Petit Alain 
Published: February 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
N‐Heterocyclic Carbene: An Efficient Catalyst for the Ring‐Opening Reaction of Aziridine with Acid Anhydride.
Authors: Sun Xiaoyu , Ye Shengqing , Wu Jie 
Published: February 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A New Synthetic Approach to Novel Spiro‐β‐lactams.
Authors: Bhalla Aman , Venugopalan Paloth , Bari Shamsher S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of 2‐Alkenyl‐3‐(alkoxycarbonyl)furans Based on Feist—Benary Cyclocondensation of (2,4‐Dioxobutylidene)phosphoranes with α‐Haloketones and α‐Chloracetaldehyde.
Authors: Mross Gerson , Holtz Edith , Langer Peter 
Published: February 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.