bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electronmicroscopic Observation of the Basement Membrane Zone in Focal Dermal Hypoplasia
Authors: Lee Joon , Cha Myung Soo , Kim Soo Chan , Bang Dongsik 
Published: March 2008

Abstract:A 3‐month‐old boy had reticulated achromic and atrophic skin lesions on the right buttock and thigh, as well as partial syndactyly of the third and fourth toes of the right foot. With hematoxylin and eosin stain, an epidermal defect, abnormally located fat cell lobules, and absence of the upper and midportions of the dermis were observed, conforming to a typical histopathologic picture of focal dermal hypoplasia. Electron microscopic examination of the atrophic site showed loose collagen bundles, collagen fibers with loss of regular bands, abnormal fibroblasts, and disruption of the basement membrane zone. These defects in the basement membrane zone strongly suggest that abnormal formation of type IV collagen is associated with focal dermal hypoplasia, and that this abnormal formation of collagen is correlated with the clinical sign of skin atrophy.
Changes in Skin pH after the Use of Baby Wipes
Authors: Priestley G. C. , MeVittie E. , Aldridge R. D. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract:We recently made a double‐blind safety‐in‐use comparison of four different brands of baby wipes using a panel of 302 infants over a period of 10 weeks. For the first two weeks, only soap and water was used to clean the babies’ skin after each diaper change, and then for the eight‐week test phase each baby was allocated one or other of the products for normal home use. The wipes differed in cleansing lotion formulation (emollients, preservative, pH) and fibrous composition. There were no clinically detectable differences in the effects of the wipes in terms of erythema, frequency of rashes, edema, and desquamation, but we recorded significant changes in the pH of pubic and buttock skin inside the diaper area. In particular, the brand of wipes with the lowest pH (2.8) in the lotion reduced the mean skin pH from 5.6 to 5.0 (p < 0.01), and those with a pH of 5.5 had no significant effect. Wipes of intermediate pH (3.7) gave a final skin pH of 5.4‐but the downward trend was not statistically significant. These data indicate that skin pH can be depressed by such topical application, although the trial lasted only a fraction of the total time wipes might be used on each infant. Further research is necessary to evaluate the implications of these findings.
Basal Cell Carcinoma in a Girl after Cobalt Irradiation to the Cranium for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: García‐Silva Jesús , Velasco‐Benito Juán Agustin , Peña‐Penabad Carmen , Armijo Miguel 
Published: March 2008

Abstract:A 12‐year‐old girl had a lesion located on the upper part of the scalp that was clinically interpreted as a melanocytic nevus and corresponded histologically to a basal cell carcinoma. At age 2 years she had been diagnosed as having acute lymphoblastic leukemia L1, for which she was treated with systemic chemotherapy. She also received telecobalt therapy to the whole cranium for prophylaxis of meningeal leukosis. Having rejected other possible causes that can favor the appearance of basal cell carcinoma during childhood (basal cell nevus syndrome, nevus sebaceus, albinism, etc.), we believe that this case should be added to the five previously reported in the literature as basal cell carcinoma developing at an early age in cranial radiation portals with megavoltage radiotherapy. We draw attention to the need to explore radiated areas of skin as part of the long‐term follow‐up of these patients, and to the advisability of obtaining a biopsy from any persistent lesion in these areas.
International Summit on Cutaneous Antifungal Therapy, Focus on Tinea Capitis, Boston, Massachusetts, November 11–13, 1994
Authors: Elewski Boni E. , Hay Roderick J. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract:This article reports the highlights of presentations made at an international symposium held on November 11–13, 1994, in Boston, Massachusetts, on the subject of cutaneous antifungal therapy. Some of the key points pertaining to the epidemiology, etiology, pathogenesis, presentation, and management of tinea capitis are discussed.
Src promotes delta opioid receptor (DOR) desensitization by interfering with receptor recycling
Authors: Archer‐Lahlou Elodie , Audet Nicolas , Amraei Mohammad Gholi , Huard Karine , Paquin‐Gobeil Mélanie , Pineyro Graciela 
Published: March 2008

AbstractAn important limitation in the clinical use of opiates is progressive loss of analgesic efficacy over time. Development of analgesic tolerance is tightly linked to receptor desensitization. In the case of delta opioid receptors (DOR), desensitization is especially swift because receptors are rapidly internalized and are poorly recycled to the membrane. In the present study, we investigated whether Src activity contributed to this sorting pattern and to functional desensitization of DORs. A first series of experiments demonstrated that agonist binding activates Src and destabilizes a constitutive complex formed by the spontaneous association of DORs with the kinase. Src contribution to DOR desensitization was then established by showing that pre‐treatment with Src inhibitor PP2 (20 μM; 1 hr) or transfection of a dominant negative Src mutant preserved DOR signalling following sustained exposure to an agonist. This protection was afforded without interfering with endocytosis, but suboptimal internalization interfered with PP2 ability to preserve DOR signalling, suggesting a post‐endocytic site of action for the kinase. This assumption was confirmed by demonstrating that Src inhibition by PP2 or its silencing by siRNA increased membrane recovery of internalized DORs and was further corroborated by showing that inhibition of recycling by monensin or dominant negative Rab11 (Rab11S25N) abolished the ability of Src blockers to prevent desensitization. Finally, Src inhibitors accelerated recovery of DOR‐Gαl3 coupling after desensitization. Taken together, these results indicate that Src dynamically regulates DOR recycling and by doing so contributes to desensitization of these receptors.
Chemical investigations of disperse dyes in patch test preparations
Authors: Ryberg Kristina , Gruvberger Birgitta , Zimerson Erik , Isaksson Marléne , Persson Lena , Sörensen ÖSten , Goossens An , Bruze Magnus 
Published: March 2008

Background:  Contact allergy to textile dyes is not uncommon. The allergy is detected by patch testing patients with commercial patch test preparations.Objective:  To investigate 8 disperse dyes (DDs) used for patch testing in the departments in Malmö and in Leuven and to compare them with test preparations used at various dermatology departments.Materials/Methods:  The investigated DDs were Disperse Blue (DB) 35, 106, and 124, Disperse Yellow (DY) 3, Disperse Orange (DO) 1 and 3, and Disperse Red (DR) 1 and 17. From 13 clinics, 107 petrolatum preparations were analysed using high‐performance liquid chromatography and thin‐layer chromatography (TLC), and compared with reference substances obtained at the Malmö laboratory. Concerning DB 35, no reference substance could be identified.Results:  TLC visualized impurities in all DDs. For each DD, except DB 35, the mean concentration in the preparations labelled to contain 1.0% (w/w) were DB 106: 0.30%, DB 124: 0.25%, DY 3: 0.44%, DO 1: 0.40%, DO 3: 0.68%, DR 1: 0.49%, and DR 17: 0.35%; there were variations between the samples also with regard to the number of impurities. DO 3 could not be demonstrated in 4/15 preparations labelled DO 3.Conclusion:  The results may have implications for individual diagnosis and prevention and when comparing test results from various centres.
Clinical characteristics and consequences of hand eczema – an 8‐year follow‐up study of a population‐based twin cohort
Authors: Lerbaek Anne , Kyvik Kirsten Ohm , Ravn Henrik , Menné Torkil , Agner Tove 
Published: March 2008

Background:  Few population‐based clinical follow‐up studies on hand eczema are reported.Objectives:  The aim of this study was to characterize clinical symptoms and to examine occupational and medical consequences as well as persistence of hand eczema in a population‐based twin cohort.Patients/Methods:  A total of 274 individuals with and without hand eczema were examined, patch tested, and interviewed in 1997–1998 and 2005–2006. Data on 188 individuals with hand eczema in 2005–2006 were analysed.Results:  Erythema and scaling were the most frequent symptoms, and fingers and palms were most often affected. Mean hand eczema severity index score in individuals with clinical symptoms was 12.0. Sick leave was reported by 12.4%; job change by 8.5%. Being in the lowest socio‐economic group and atopic dermatitis were risk factors for sick leave [odds ratio (OR) = 5.6; 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.5–22.9 and OR = 2.9; 95% CI 1.0–8.1]. The majority (63.4%) had seen a doctor at least once, and atopic dermatitis was a risk factor for more than 1 visit (OR = 3.0; 95% CI 1.4–6.4). Duration of >10 years was a risk factor for persistence of symptoms, which was reported by 67.7%.Conclusions:  The clinical picture and consequences of hand eczema vary; however, the majority experience chronic symptoms.
Cutaneous differences between Black, African or Caribbean Mixed‐race and Caucasian women: biometrological approach of the hydrolipidic film
Authors: Fotoh Corinne , Elkhyat Ahmed , Mac Sophie , Sainthillier Jean Marie , Humbert Philippe 
Published: March 2008

Background/purpose: Studies about the adaptation of ethnic types of skin to an environment radically different from their original environment are rarely found in the literature. We have evaluated the differences in the skin surface properties of three ethnic groups: Black, African or Caribbean Mixed‐race and Caucasian women living in defined climatic conditions.Methods: Biometrological evaluations of barrier function were made by measurements of transepidermal water loss (TEWL), skin hydration and skin dryness. To approach the skin protective coating we evaluated cutaneous lipid index (LI), cutaneous pH, skin frictional properties and skin wettability.Results: The TEWL, cutaneous hydration, dryness and LI show no significant difference. Volunteers were given a self‐assessment questionnaire regarding their hygiene and cosmetic practices. The results show that 100% of Black and 92% of African or Caribbean Mixed‐race women use a hydrating product daily vs. only 16% of Caucasian women. They justify this practice by the ‘dry skin’ sensation that they feel if they do not use a moisturizer. We tried to assess objectively to the protective coating surface of the human skin: the hydrolipidic cutaneous film, by measurements of pH, frictional properties and wettability which show significant differences. We may suppose that the hydrophilic/lipophilic balance of the skin in these three ethnic groups is different.Conclusion: To interpret these results as accurately as possible, it would be interesting, in future investigations on the ethnic types of skin, to evaluate the sweat secretion, and to analyse each element of the sebaceous secretions quantitatively as well as qualitatively.
Machine‐learning classification of non‐melanoma skin cancers from image features obtained by optical coherence tomography
Authors: Jørgensen Thomas Martini , Tycho Andreas , Mogensen Mette , Bjerring Peter , Jemec Gregor B.E. 
Published: March 2008

Background/purpose: A number of publications have suggested that optical coherence tomography (OCT) has the potential for non‐invasive diagnosis of skin cancer. Currently, individual diagnostic features do not appear sufficiently discriminatory. The combined use of several features may however be useful.Methods: OCT is based on infrared light, photonics and fibre optics. The system used has an axial resolution of 10 μm, lateral 20 μm. We investigated the combined use of several OCT features from basal cell carcinomas (BCC) and actinic keratosis (AK). We studied BCC (41) and AK (37) lesions in 34 consecutive patients. The diagnostic accuracy of the combined features was assessed using a machine‐learning tool.Results: OCT images of normal skin typically exhibit a layered structure, not present in the lesions imaged. BCCs showed dark globules corresponding to basaloid islands and AKs showed white dots and streaks corresponding to hyperkeratosis. Differences in OCT morphology were not sufficient to differentiate BCC from AK by the naked eye. Machine‐learning analysis suggests that when a multiplicity of features is used, correct classification accuracies of 73% (AK) and 81% (BCC) are achieved.Conclusion: The data extracted from individual OCT scans included both quantitative and qualitative measures, and at the current level of resolution, these single factors appear insufficient for diagnosis. Our approach suggests that it may be possible to extract diagnostic data from the overall architecture of the OCT images with a reasonable diagnostic accuracy when used in combination.
Dynamic indentation on human skin in vivo: ageing effects
Authors: Boyer G. , Laquièze L. , Le Bot A. , Laquièze S. , Zahouani H. 
Published: March 2008

Background/purpose: Knowledge of the mechanical properties of the human skin is very important for cosmetic and clinical research. Objective and quantitative measurements are essential to compare studies performed by different experimenters in different centres. The aim of this paper is to present a method to measure the viscoelastic properties of human skin in vivo using dynamic indentation.Methods: A complete device to assess the stiffness and damping of skin has been developed. The frequency and strain amplitude range from 10 to 60 Hz and from 1 to 10 μm. Tests on pure elastic inert materials have been performed to validate the device. An in vivo study including dynamic indentation, suction test, hydration measurement and topographic analysis has been performed on 46 subjects aged from 18 to 70 years, divided into three groups.Results: Results on inert materials show the validity of the device developed. The mechanical behaviour of the skin can be described by a Kelvin–Voight model under dynamic indentation. A comparison with a suction test, hydration and topographic measurements shows that the stiffness and the damping measured by dynamic indentation correspond mainly to the natural tense state of the skin on the body due to the dermis. A weak correlation has been found between dynamic indentation and suction parameters. The complex modulus measured by dynamic indentation at 10 Hz frequency stress ranges from 7.2 ± 2.1 kPa for the oldest group to 10.7 ± 2.6 kPa for the youngest group.Conclusion: The device presented gives convincing results. The measurement of stiffness and damping complements the viscoelastic phenomenological parameters of the suction test.
Magnetic resonance spectroscopy in anxiety disorders
Authors: Trzesniak Clarissa , Araújo David , Crippa José Alexandre S. 
Published: March 2008

Objective:Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is a non-invasivein vivomethod used to quantify metabolites that are relevant to a wide range of brain processes. This paper briefly describes neuroimaging using MRS and provides a systematic review of its application to anxiety disorders.Method:A literature review was performed in the PubMed, Lilacs and Scielo databases using the keywords spectroscopy and anxiety disorder. References of selected articles were also hand-searched for additional citations.Results:Recent studies have shown that there are significant metabolic differences between patients with anxiety disorders and healthy controls in various regions of the brain. Changes were mainly found inN-acetylaspartate, which is associated with neuronal viability, but some of them were also seen in creatine, a substance that is thought to be relatively constant among individuals with different pathological conditions.Conclusions:MRS is a sophisticated neuroimaging technique that has provided useful insights into the biochemical and neurobiological basis of many anxiety disorders. Nevertheless, its utilization in some anxiety disorders is still modest, particularly social phobia and generalised anxiety. Although it is an extremely useful advance in neuroimaging, further research in other brain areas and patient populations is highly advisable.
Incidental brain MRI abnormalities in 60- to 64-year-old community-dwelling individuals: data from the Personality and Total Health Through Life study
Authors: Kumar Rajeev , Sachdev Perminder S. , Price Jeremy L. , Rosenman Stephen , Christensen Helen 
Published: March 2008

Objective:There have been limited data available on the prevalence of structural brain abnormalities in asymptomatic individuals and a growing interest in the various ethical issues related to reporting of such findings. This study evaluated the prevalence of incidental abnormalities on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in a random sample of 60- to 64-year-old community-dwelling individuals as well as successfully followed a referral pathway taking into account of the various ethical issues related to the referral process. The Personality and Total Health (PATH) Project was designed to study the risk and protection factors of normal ageing, dementia and other neuropsychiatric disorders.Method:MRI scans were performed in randomly selected 478 healthy, community-dwelling 60- to 64-year-old individuals. All scans were reported for abnormalities by a radiologist.Results:Abnormalities were detected in 22 (4.8%) subjects, comprising 10 tumours (pituitary adenoma 4, meningioma 3, suprasellar tumour 1, cavernous haemangioma 1, subarachnoid lipoma 1), 6 infarct-like lesions, 2 arachnoid cysts, 1 possible normal pressure hydrocephalus, and 1 each of unconfirmed aneurysm and mesial temporal sclerosis. Further evaluation led to novel intervention in one case of pituitary adenoma, and adjustment of drug treatment to modify risk factors in two cases with subclinical infarction.Conclusion:While no case required immediate referral or urgent surgical intervention, the change in the outcome of treatment of some cases suggests that appropriate referral process should be in place when researchers study large number of subjects in the community using MRI of the brain.
Associations of several anthropometric indices with insulin resistance in children: The Children Study
Authors: Manios Yannis , Kourlaba Georgia , Kafatos Anthony , Cook Tina L , Spyridaki Aspasia , Fragiadakis George A 
Published: March 2008

AbstractAim: To compare the associations of several anthropometric indices (i.e. waist circumference [WC], waist‐to‐height ratio, body mass index (BMI) and waist‐to‐hip ratio) with the insulin resistance (IR) proxy measures in Greek schoolchildren.Methods: A random sample of 248 children was used. Fasting plasma glucose and serum insulin levels were measured. IR was estimated through homeostasis model assessment (HOMA), glucose‐to‐insulin ratio and quantitative insulin sensitivity check index.Results: Insulin levels and IR indices were significantly related to BMI, WC and waist‐to‐height ratio. Glucose‐to‐insulin ratio and quantitative insulin sensitivity check index were inversely correlated with all anthropometric indices, while insulin levels and HOMA were positively associated with these indices. Generally, all significant correlations were weak to moderate (0.217 ≤ r ≤ 0.513). BMI, WC and waist‐to‐height ratio displayed similar correlation with insulin levels (r = 0.431, r = 0.427 and r = 0.354, respectively) and IR indices. Similar results were found using multiple linear regression analysis.Conclusion: Based on the current findings, BMI, waist‐to‐height ratio and WC are higher, associated with the IR proxy measures compared with waist‐to‐hip ratio, among Greek pupils. Therefore, all these simple adiposity‐related indices could be used, alternatively, in clinical practice as a simple tool for identification of children at risk for developing IR.
Increased Expression of Catalase in Human Hepatoma Cells by the Soy Isoflavone, Daidzein
Authors: Kampkötter Andreas , Wiegand Christian , Timpel Claudia , Röhrdanz Elke , Chovolou Yvonni , Kahl Regine , Wätjen Wim 
Published: March 2008

Abstract:  The reduced incidence of cancer that has been observed in Asian population traditionally consuming soy‐based food has been linked to the antioxidant potential of soy isoflavones, in particular daidzein and genistein. The present study was undertaken in order to test the antioxidative potential of daidzein and to examine the effect of daidzein treatment on the expression of the antioxidant enzyme catalase in the human hepatoma cell lines Huh‐7 and HepG2. Daidzein itself did not display radical scavenging activity but it significantly increased the activity of the antioxidant enzyme catalase. Huh‐7 cells were much more susceptible to daidzein cytotoxicity than HepG2 cells and showed much lower basal activity in luciferase reporter gene assays with the 3.2 kb fragment of the human catalase promoter. However, treatment with daidzein at a non‐toxic concentration resulted in a similar induction of promoter activity in both cell lines. Reporter gene studies with different promoter constructs in HepG2 cells restrict the potential localization of the main regulatory elements for basal and inducible activity of the catalase promoter to a region approximately 120 bp to 300 bp upstream of the start codon of the catalase gene. From our results, we conclude that in human hepatoma cells daidzein at a non‐toxic concentration increases the activity of human catalase and induces the transcription of the catalase gene via interaction with the proximal part of the promoter.
Labiaplasty of the Labia Minora: Patients’ Indications for Pursuing Surgery
Authors: Miklos John R. , Moore Robert D. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract

Introduction
Limited information is available regarding patients’ indication for seeking labiaplasty of the labia minora.

Aim
The aim of this article is to investigate a patient's indications for seeking labiaplasty of the labia minora.

Methods
This is a retrospective review of the medical records of all patients undergoing labiaplasty at our clinic over a 27-month period.

Main Outcome Measures
Indications for surgery were assessed using standardized questionnaires during the patients’ initial history and physical. Patients were divided into three groups as based on the questionnaire, including: Group I—patients seeking the procedure strictly for aesthetic reasons; Group II—patients seeking the procedure strictly for functional impairment (i.e., pain and discomfort); and Group III—patients who feel they are having the surgery for both aesthetic and functional reasons. Patients undergoing the surgery for aesthetic reasons were also asked whether this was strictly a personal decision or was influenced by either another man or woman whether a friend, spouse, or partner.

Results
The review revealed 131 patients had undergone a labia reduction surgery: Group I—those who received labia reduction surgery for strictly aesthetic reasons equaled 37% (49/131); Group II—those seeking the surgery strictly for functional impairment equaled 32% (42/131); and Group III—those seeking the surgery for both functional and aesthetic reasons equaled 31% (40/131).

Conclusion
The majority of patients undergoing reduction of the labia minora do so for functional reasons with minimal outside influences affecting their decision for treatment.