bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cognitive conflict does not always mean high effort: Task difficulty's moderating effect on cardiac response
Authors: Bouzidi Yann S. , Gendolla Guido H. E. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis article presents an experiment (N = 127 university students) testing whether the previously found impact of conflict primes on effort‐related cardiac response is moderated by objective task difficulty. Recently, it has been shown that primed cognitive conflict increases cardiac pre‐ejection period (PEP) reactivity—an index of effort intensity—during the performance of relatively easy tasks. This effect could be attributed to conflict‐related negative affect. Consequently, as it has been shown for other types of negative affect, we expected conflict primes' effect to be task‐context dependent and thus to be moderated by objective task difficulty. In a between‐persons design, we manipulated conflict via embedded pictures of conflict‐related vs. non‐conflict‐related Stroop items in a memory task. We expected primed conflict to increase effort in a relatively easy version of the task but to lead to disengagement when task difficulty was objectively high. PEP reactivity corroborated our predictions. Rather than always increasing effort, cognitive conflict's effect on resource mobilization was context‐dependent and resulted in weak responses in a difficult task.
Widowhood and multidimensional poverty: Evidence from Nigeria
Authors: Aderemi Taiwo , Ogebe Joseph 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPoverty among widows has received little empirical attention in Africa despite women's severe vulnerability to death shock. We provided empirical evidence on widow households' transition in and out of poverty and factors influencing their probability of being in poverty. The Markov transition probabilities show moderate but increasing positive transitions for severely poor widows. Non‐poor widows are stayers who primarily sustain their non‐poor class. The ordered logit estimation shows that higher dependency ratio increases the chances of a widow being severely poor. Being an older widow and having literacy skills reduced the probability that a widow household will be severely poor. Household size and dependency ratio are noted to play important roles in the probability of transitions across poverty classes as shown by the estimated multinomial logit model. These findings are robust to alternative poverty measure, estimation method and different set of weights. Generally, the results echo the need for social safety nets to cushion widows' financial strains. Life insurance policy for spouses, increased sensitization of widows of their rights and adult education programmes targeted at widows could mitigate the negative impact of widowhood on women.
On the role of dysferlin in striated muscle: membrane repair, t‐tubules and Ca2+ handling
Authors: Quinn C. J. , Cartwright E. J. , Trafford A. W. , Dibb K. M. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDysferlin is a 237 kDa membrane‐associated protein characterised by multiple C2 domains with a diverse role in skeletal and cardiac muscle physiology. Mutations in DYSF are known to cause various types of human muscular dystrophies, known collectively as dysferlinopathies, with some patients developing cardiomyopathy. A myriad of in vitro membrane repair studies suggest that dysferlin plays an integral role in the membrane repair complex in skeletal muscle. In comparison, less is known about dysferlin in the heart, but mounting evidence suggests that dysferlin's role is similar in both muscle types. Recent findings have shown that dysferlin regulates Ca2+ handling in striated muscle via multiple mechanisms and that this becomes more important in conditions of stress. Maintenance of the transverse (t)‐tubule network and the tight coordination of excitation–contraction coupling are essential for muscle contractility. Dysferlin regulates the maintenance and repair of t‐tubules, and it is suspected that dysferlin regulates t‐tubules and sarcolemmal repair through a similar mechanism. This review focuses on the emerging complexity of dysferlin's activity in striated muscle. Such insights will progress our understanding of the proteins and pathways that regulate basic heart and skeletal muscle function and help guide research into striated muscle pathology, especially that which arises due to dysferlin dysfunction.
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Selected morphological, cardiovascular and neuromuscular risk profiles among asymptomatic sedentary men performing Islamic prayer
Authors: Jalal Abdul Hamid , Noorbhai Habib 
Published: April 2024

BackgroundThis study investigated morphological, cardiovascular and neuromuscular profiles among asymptomatic sedentary men performing the Islamic prayer (Salaah). This study emphasised the need for an inquiry into unique sedentary populations who perform Islamic prayer as physical activity.MethodsAn experimental study was conducted among male participants (n=20). Resting heart rate (RHR), resting systolic blood pressure (SBP), resting diastolic blood pressure (DBP), body mass index (BMI) and percentage body fat (BF%) were measured before a timed Salaah simulation activity. Electromyography (EMG) of the vastus medialis oblique (VMO) was measured for maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) and two movement transitions of the Islamic prayer (Salaah). Bilateral manual muscle strength (MMT) testing was also completed. Inferential and descriptive statistical analyses were performed using SPSS (IBM, V.27.0). Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to determine statistically significant relationships between variables. The level of significance was set at p<0.05.ResultsNegative correlations between post-Salaah SBP and MVC average (r=−0.19; p=0.42) and between the post-Salaah DBP and the MVC average (r=−0.40; p=0.08) were not significant. Weak correlations were found between the MVC average and the right (r=0.14; p=0.56) and left (r=0.18; p=0.44) quadriceps femoris MMT values.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated that individuals who performed the Salaah were reasonably healthy in terms of BMI, BF%, RHR, resting SBP, resting DBP, MMT and MVC average values. The study further demonstrated the electromyographic activity of the VMO muscle through the Salaah for two movement transitions of the prayer. Verily, this demonstrates preliminary evidence of EMG activity for the VMO muscle in those who perform the Salaah.
Charged gravastars with conformal motion in the Finslerian space-time
Authors: Sanjay T. , Narasimhamurthy S. K. , Nekouee Z. , Manjunatha H. M. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn this article, we investigate the charged gravastar under conformal motion with the background of Finsler geometry. Mazur and Mottola pioneered the concept of the gravastar (gravitational vacuum star) for the first time. This vacuum object consists of three distinct regions, that is, (i) interior de Sitter region, (ii) thin shell consisting of ultrarelativistic stiff, and (iii) exterior vacuum Schwarzschild region. The nature of these regions can be analyzed by considering different equations of state parameters. We have studied various physical features of the gravastar, such as length, energy, entropy, stability, and the adiabatic index, both graphically and analytically within the Finslerian framework. Also, we have obtained the exact and non-singular solution for the gravastar model.
RECENT COLLECTION OF THE POISONOUS MUSHROOM, Clarkeinda trachodes (Berk.) FOR INDONESIA
Authors: Permana Putra Ivan , Nurhayat Oktan Dwi , Mahardika Wahyu AJi , Sari Okta Yulia 
Published: April 2024

Clarkeinda trachodes is an interesting agaric and has been acknowledged as one of the poisonous mushrooms worldwide. This species has mentioned to be found in tropical regions of Asia, including Indonesia. However, no clear record has been found regarding the primary information and herbarium collection of this species in Indonesia. During our regular mushroom foraging at IPB University campus forest Indonesia, the basidiomata of Clarkeinda was encountered. The current study aimed to confirm the taxonomical position of our specimens based on morphological and molecular evidence. Fresh basidomata was observed on the macro- and micromorphological features. The molecular analysis and phylogenetic tree construction were done based on ITS 1/2 sequence. The combination of morphological and molecular evidence confirmed our specimen as C. trachodes. Morphologically, Clarkeinda trachodes BO24637 can be determined by a large basidiocarp of Agaricales, prominent pellicle on disc pileus, notable ring, reddish brown context and stipe when injured, and truncate apex of basidiospores. The BLAST result showed that our specimen has a high similarity to C. trachodes as the top hits. In addition, the phylogenetic tree constructed by ITS sequence committed specimen BO24637 as C. trachodes with 100% BS value. The current study resolves a clear and accessible document of C. trachodes in Indonesia. In addition, we provided the morphological and molecular information as well as herbarium collection of C. trachodes in Indonesia, which can be used for future study of this species.
Dilemma with implant placement in patients with florid cemento-osseous dysplasia: A literature review
Authors: Jagtap Rohan , Gupta Swati , Bhat Mythili , Mehta Neeta , Gupta Sumit 
Published: April 2024

Florid cemento-osseous dysplasia (FCOD) is a reactive bony lesion in which normal bone is replaced by fibrous and cementum like tissue. The differential diagnosis of this condition includes solitary bone cyst, solitary ossifying fibroma, and chronic diffuse osteomyelitis. It is often an incidental finding on a radiograph. Radiographically, it presents as a bilateral radiolucent lesion or lobulated radio-opaque masses with an affinity for tooth-bearing areas. Mostly, it progresses asymptomatically, usually diagnosed on a routine radiographic examination. Periodontal surgeries, extractions along with surgical invasive procedures have been determined to be a contraindication in these patients. There is a scarcity of literature to determine if patients with these lesions could be considered for prosthetic rehabilitative procedures like dental implants. The purpose of this literature review was to determine if dental implants could be considered as a treatment modality in patients with FCOD. Methodology An electronic search was done in PUBMED, SCOPUS, and a hand search was done in radiology, periodontology, and oral surgery journals. The search yielded 428 results, from which only 6 articles were selected for this literature review. Both prospective and retrospective studies were included. Clinical studies with information on the pre-implant condition of the site, detailed implant procedure, and follow-up after implant placement of more than 6 months were only considered for this review. Results and conclusion Limited clinical studies, shorter follow-up periods were the shortcomings of this review. However, it can be summarized that dental implants should not be placed at the site of FCOD, however can be placed at adjacent sites. Variations in implant type or the implant length had no bearing on the survival of implants at the sites of FCOD.
Incidence of venous thromboembolism after cardiovascular surgery
Authors: Saitoh Masato , Kudo Takemi , Watanabe Takao 
Published: April 2024

Background Among venous thromboembolism, pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) is one of the most serious postoperative complications. Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) is the main cause. Considering the unknown prevalence of DVT and PTE in the postoperative period of cardiovascular surgery in Japan, we investigated the incidence in consecutive patients who underwent cardiovascular surgery. Methods A total of 225 patients who underwent cardiovascular surgery at four hospitals consented to participate in the study. We assessed DVT using lower extremity venous ultrasound preoperatively and postoperatively. Seven patients with preexisting DVT were excluded. Postoperative antithrombotic therapy was administered at the discretion of the attending physician at each institution. The postoperative intermittent pneumatic compression therapy followed the standard prophylaxis protocol at each institution. Patients were grouped into DVT and non-DVT cohorts for comparison. Continuous variables were expressed as means ± standard deviations and compared by the t-test. Results The analysis of lower extremity venous ultrasound images indicated that DVT developed in 16 of the 218 study patients (DVT, 7.3%). No patient had PTE. Procedure-related data revealed significantly higher total blood transfusion (DVT group: 61.2 ± 49.9 IU vs. non-DVT group: 27.7 ± 30.2 IU: p = 0.018, effect size = 1.048) in the DVT group. The multivariate logistic regression predictor of DVT based on preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative factors was blood transfusion ( p = 0.005, 95% confidence interval 1.010–1.059, odds ratio 1.034). Conclusions The incidence of postoperatively developed DVT was 7.3% in this study.
Role of reactive oxygen species in myelodysplastic syndromes
Authors: Jing Qiangan , Zhou Chaoting , Zhang Junyu , Zhang Ping , Wu Yunyi , Zhou Junyu , Tong Xiangmin , Li Yanchun , Du Jing , Wang Ying 
Published: April 2024

AbstractReactive oxygen species (ROS) serve as typical metabolic byproducts of aerobic life and play a pivotal role in redox reactions and signal transduction pathways. Contingent upon their concentration, ROS production not only initiates or stimulates tumorigenesis but also causes oxidative stress (OS) and triggers cellular apoptosis. Mounting literature supports the view that ROS are closely interwoven with the pathogenesis of a cluster of diseases, particularly those involving cell proliferation and differentiation, such as myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and chronic/acute myeloid leukemia (CML/AML). OS caused by excessive ROS at physiological levels is likely to affect the functions of hematopoietic stem cells, such as cell growth and self-renewal, which may contribute to defective hematopoiesis. We review herein the eminent role of ROS in the hematological niche and their profound influence on the progress of MDS. We also highlight that targeting ROS is a practical and reliable tactic for MDS therapy.Graphical Abstract
Utilization of cotton byproduct-derived biochar: a review on soil remediation and carbon sequestration
Authors: Tao Yingru , Feng Weiying , He Zhongqi , Wang Beibei , Yang Fang , Nafsun Aainaa Izyan , Zhang Yazhai 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBiochar can improve soil health and fix CO2 by altering soil microenvironment, thus impacting the global carbon cycle and the change of soil ecological environment. Recent studies show that cotton byproduct-derived biochar is a potential effective amendment for soil improvement so that it could play an important role in agricultural and environmental conservation. In this work, research topics on cotton byproduct-derived biochar in soil in last decade and so are systematically reviewed for better understanding of the progresses of cotton byproduct-derived biochar in (i) the morphologic and physicochemical characterization, (ii) latest research hotspots and trends, (iii) the roles in soil reclamation, and (iv) relevant carbon sequestration mechanisms. Finally, the future research directions regarding cotton byproduct-derived biochar mingled to soil environment are discussed. Insight derived from this work would provide scientific basis for promoting more applications of cotton byproduct-derived biochar in soil ecological restoration and carbon fixation.
Graphical Abstract
Designing and delivering bioinformatics project-based learning in East Africa
Authors: Kibet Caleb K. , Entfellner Jean-Baka Domelevo , Jjingo Daudi , de Villiers Etienne Pierre , de Villiers Santie , Wambui Karen , Kinyanjui Sam , Masiga Daniel 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
The Eastern Africa Network for Bioinformatics Training (EANBiT) has matured through continuous evaluation, feedback, and codesign. We highlight how the program has evolved to meet challenges and achieve its goals and how experiential learning through mini projects enhances the acquisition of skills and collaboration. We continued to learn and grow through honest feedback and evaluation of the program, trainers, and modules, enabling us to provide robust training even during the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, when we had to redesign the program due to restricted travel and in person group meetings.

Results
In response to the pandemic, we developed a program to maintain “residential” training experiences and benefits remotely. We had to answer the following questions: What must change to still achieve the RT goals? What optimal platforms should be used? How would we manage connectivity and data challenges? How could we avoid online fatigue? Going virtual presented an opportunity to reflect on the essence and uniqueness of the program and its ability to meet the objective of strengthening bioinformatics skills among the cohorts of students using different delivery approaches. It allowed an increase in the number of participants. Evaluating each program component is critical for improvement, primarily when feedback feeds into the program's continuous amendment. Initially, the participants noted that there were too many modules, insufficient time, and a lack of hands-on training as a result of too much focus on theory. In the subsequent iterations, we reduced the number of modules from 27 to five, created a harmonized repository for the materials on GitHub, and introduced project-based learning through the mini projects.

Conclusion
We demonstrate that implementing a program design through detailed monitoring and evaluation leads to success, especially when participants who are the best fit for the program are selected on an appropriate level of skills, motivation, and commitment.
Prognosis prediction of procalcitonin within 24 h for acute diquat poisoning
Authors: He Cheng , Liang Liguo , Zhang Yu , Wang Tianyi , Wang Rongyang 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
To explore the predictive value of procalcitonin (PCT) within 24 h after poisoning for prognosis of acute diquat poisoning.

Methods
This retrospective study included acute diquat poisoning patients in the Nanyang City Hospital between May 2017 and July 2021.

Results
Among the 45 patients included, 27 survived. The maximum PCT value within 24 h after poisoning was significantly higher in the non-survival patients [9.65 (2.63, 22.77) vs. 0.15 (0.10, 0.50) µg/mL, P < 0.001] compared to the survival patients. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) indicated that the maximum PCT value within 24 h had a good predictive value (AUC = 0.905, 95% CI: 0.808-1.000) compared to ingested quantity (AUC = 0.879, 95% CI: 0.776–0.981), serum creatinine (AUC = 0.776, 95% CI: 0.640–0.912), or APACHE II score (AUC = 0.778, 95% CI: 0.631–0.925). The predictive value of maximum PCT value within 24 h was comparable with blood lactate (AUC = 0.904, 95%CI: 0.807-1.000).

Conclusions
The maximum PCT value within 24 h after poisoning might be a good predictor for the prognosis of patients with acute diquat poisoning.
Psychosocial working conditions, perceived patient safety and their association in emergency medical services workers in Germany – a cross-sectional study
Authors: Elsässer Antonia , Dreher Annegret , Pietrowsky Reinhard , Flake Frank , Loerbroks Adrian 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Emergency medical service (EMS) workers face challenging working conditions that are characterized by high stress and a susceptibility to making errors. The objectives of the present study were (a) to characterize the psychosocial working conditions of EMS workers, (b) to describe the perceived quality of patient care they provide and patient safety, and (c) to investigate for the first time among EMS workers associations of psychosocial working conditions with the quality of patient care and patient safety.

Methods
For this cross-sectional study, we carried out an online survey among 393 EMS workers who were members of a professional organization. Working conditions were measured by the Demand-Control-SupportQuestionnaire (DCSQ) and seven self-devised items covering key stressors. Participants reported how often they perceived work stress to affect the patient care they provided and we inquired to what extent they are concerned to have made a major medical error in the last three months. Additionally, we used parts of the Emergency Medical Services – Safety Inventory (EMS-SI) to assess various specific errors and adverse events. We ran descriptive analyses (objective a and b) and multivariable logistic regression (objective c).

Results
The most common stressors identified were communication problems (reported by 76.3%), legal insecurity (69.5%), and switching of colleagues (48.9%) or workplaces (44.5%). Overall, 74.0% reported at least one negative safety outcome based on the EMS-SI. Concerns to have made an important error and the perception that patient care is impaired by work stress and were also frequent (17.8% and 12.7%, respectively). Most psychosocial working conditions were associated with the perception that patient care is impaired due to work stress.

Conclusions
Work stress in EMS staff is pronounced and negative safety outcomes or potential errors are perceived to occur frequently. Poor psychosocial working conditions were only consistently associated with perceived impairment of patient care due to work stress. It seems necessary to reduce communication problems and to optimize working processes especially at interfaces between emergency services and other institutions. Legal insecurity could be reduced by clarifying and defining responsibilities. Communication and familiarity between team colleagues could be fostered by more consistent composition of squads.