bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dilute Magnetic Materials for Spintronic Applications
Authors: Chen W. M. , Godlewski M. , Ruterana P. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThis issue of physica status solidi (a) contains papers submitted to the Symposium E: 'Dilute magnetic materials for spintronic applications' which took place during the 2006 European Materials Research Society (E‐MRS) Fall meeting held in Warsaw on 4–8 September 2006. It highlights the current high scientific interest in the development of dilute magnetic semiconductors (DMS) and other materials exhibiting ferromagnetism (FM) for e.g. spin‐enabled sensors, light emitters, and transistors. The magnetic behaviour of such materials is due to the introduction of transition metal (TM) ions, such as Mn and Cr, into appropriate semiconductor or oxide crystals. Ferromagnetic ordering in Mn‐doped narrow‐bandgap semiconductors, such as GaAs and InAs, has been studied for some time. However, these DMS materials have a relatively low Curie temperature (T C < 180 K), which severely limits their usefulness.Recently, a number of research groups have reported achieving ferromagnetism at room temperature (RT) in TM‐doped wide‐bandgap materials, such as GaN and ZnO. Consequently, these DMS materials are very attractive for integration of photonic (light‐emitting diodes), electronic (field effect transistors), and magnetic (memory) devices on a single substrate. Indeed a new class of optoelectronic devices based on these materials may offer multipurpose functionality for sensing, information storage, and ultra‐low power switching elements.The symposium gathered some 70 contributions, which brought together physicists, chemists, materials scientists to discuss the status and future of spintronic materials in this fast evolving field. Indeed, the direct connection between fundamental developments in spintronics and applications to data storage (hard disk magnetoresistive read heads or magnetic random access memories), data processing (magnetic logic) is fuelling this research.The topics have included design of dilute magnetic materials, spin monitoring and investigation of FM in semiconductors, oxides, and organic materials doped with transition metals. One of the conclusions of this meeting has been that the origin of RT FM observed in wide bandgap DMS may be related to local disorder, and is probably not purely carrier mediated. And non‐uniform materials such as Konbu phases were theoretically as well as experimentally shown to be the origin of highly efficient RT FM.The issue is organized in three sections which reflect the sessions of the EMRS symposium. The first session deals with the theory of ferromagnetism in dilute magnetic materials, the second is basically concerned with ferromagnetism in various materials: oxides as well as semiconductors. The last section collects the contributions which have exploited advanced spectroscopic techniques to create, understand and manipulate spin polarization and coherence.The Organisers
[3H]cholesterol transfer from microemulsion particles of different sizes to human fibroblasts
Authors: Ekman Stig 
Published: January 2007

AbstractA new technique for preparing microemulsion particles of well‐defined sizes and compositions is presented. Utilization of these microemulsions is advocated as lipoprotein models in studies of lipid transport and metabolism, rather than the currently used phospholipid‐cholesterol vesicles. The emulsion particles consisted of egg phosphatidylcholine and cholesterol as surface lipids and cholesteryl oleate as core lipid. They were prepared by a combined injection and sonication technique and size‐separated by a two‐step procedure of gel filtration chromatography and density gradient centrifugation. By varying the ratios of core and surface material, particles covering a size range of 20–200 nm in diameter could be produced. The adequacy of these microemulsions as lipoprotein models was tested by studying the transfer of [3H]cholesterol and [14C]cholesterol oleate from the particles to cultured human fibroblasts. Up to a particle size of 100 nm, there was a slight increase of [3H]cholesterol transfer. The transfer of [14C]cholesteryl oleate was very slow, yet measurable. Studies of the exchangeability of cholesterol between the microemulsion core and surface phases indicated that all cholesterol can be transferred from microemulsions to cultured cells as a single pool.
Cupric ion‐dependent inhibition of lysosomal acid cholesteryl ester hydrolase in the presence of hydroxylamine
Authors: Tanaka Mitsuo , Iio Toshihiro , Tabata Toshikazu 
Published: January 2007

AbstractIn the presence of hydroxylamine or ascorbic acid, the inhibitory effects of Cu2+ on lysosomal acid cholesteryl ester hydrolase (acid CEH) partially purified from rat liver were studied.Hydroxylamine stimulated the inhibition of acid CEH activity by Cu2+ but not that by Zn2+, Fe2+, Co2+, Mn2+, Ca2+, Mg2+ and Hg2+. This Cu2+‐dependent inhibition of acid cholesterol ester hydrolase (CEH) activity was completely prevented by ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA), EGTA and o‐phenanthroline, a chelator with a stability constant for Cu2+, and also by sulfhydryl agents and cytoplasmic reducing agents such as cysteine, glutathione and mercaptoethanol. In addition, the stimulative effects of hydroxylamine on Cu2+‐dependent inhibition were maintained even after preincubation of Cu2+ with hydroxylamine.On the other hand, ascorbic acid was found to replace the stimulation by hydroxylamine of the Cu2+‐dependent inhibition of acid CEH activity but the effects of ascorbic acid progressively became smaller with prolongation of the preincubation time. Moreover, addition of chemical radical scavengers to the reaction mixture did not prevent the Cu2+‐dependent inhibition of acid CEH activity in the presence of ascorbic acid. These results suggest that Cu2+ causes inhibition of lysosomal acid CEH activity through the formation of Cu1+ in a reductive medium.
Cheek cell fatty acids as indicators of dietary lipids in humans
Authors: Sampugna Joseph , Light Luise , Enig Mary G. , Jones D. Yvonne , Judd Joseph T. , Lanza Elaine 
Published: January 2007

AbstractAnalysis of cheek cell lipids has been suggested as a noninvasive method for monitoring the fatty acid composition of diets in humans. In a pilot study conducted to determine the validity of the method, cheek cell samples were collected from subjects consuming a low fat (20% of calories) diet consisting of fatty acids with either a 1.0 or 0.3 P/S ratio. Neither total lipid nor polar lipid fatty acids in cheek cells consistently reflected the P/S ratio of the diets. However, there were trends, particularly in the nonpolar lipids, suggesting that cheek cell fatty acid ratios might be useful for monitoring the fatty acid composition of the diets. The diet with the higher P/S ratio (1.0 vs 0.3) consistently resulted in cheek cell lipids with lower ratios of 18∶1/saturated fatty acids and greater 18∶2/20∶4, 18∶2/18∶1 and 18∶2/18∶0 fatty acid ratios.
Unsaponifiable matter of green and blue‐green algal lipids as a factor of biochemical differentiation of their biomasses: II. Terpenic alcohol and sterol fractions
Authors: Paoletti C. , Pushparaj B. , Florenzano G. , Capella P. , Lercker G. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe composition of the terpenic alcohol and sterol fractions of the unsaponifiables of ten algal species, fiveMyxophyceae and fiveChlorophyceae, is discussed. The major component of the terpenic fraction is phytol, a diterpenic alcohol. Minor amounts of straight chain and triterpenic alcohols are also present. Practically all the species examined contain ten components in the sterol fraction: cholesterol, brassicasterol, Δ5‐ergostenol, poriferasterol, Δ7‐ergostenol, clionasterol, chondrillasterol, Δ5‐avenasterol, Δ7‐chondrillastenol, and an unidentified component. Identification of the sterols was made by gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry, and a 24 S configuration was assumed. The prokaryotic blue‐green algae are characterized by a higher content in cholesterol (3.5–14%) than the eucaryotic green algae (0–2.5). Also, brassicasterol, poriferasterol, clionasterol, and Δ5‐avenasterol are more abundant in blue‐green algae. Δ7‐Ergostenol, chondrillasterol, and Δ7‐chondrillastenol predominate, on the contrary, in green algae.
Effects of dietary saturated andTrans fatty acids on tissue lipid composition and serum LCAT activity in the rat
Authors: Takatori T. , Phillips F. C. , Shimasaki H. , Privett O. S. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractGroups of rats were fed from weaning with diets containing 5% by wt of hydrogenated coconut oil (HCO), safflower oil, or a concentrate of ethyl elaidate and linolelaidate (TRANS) as the sole source of dietary fat. Fatty acid composition of the lipid classes from serum, liver, heart, and kidney was determined, and the serum lecithin: cholesterol acyl transferase (LCAT) activities were assayed for each animal. Serum LCAT activity was increased by both the HCO and TRANS diets in the early stages of the development of an essential fatty acid (EFA) deficiency but was suppressed in the animals of the TRANS group as they became older. The HCO and TRANS groups exhibited changes in tissue lipid fatty acid composition, as well as reduced growth, characteristic of an EFA deficiency. Conversion of oleic acid to eicosatrienoic acid was impaired in the animals fed the TRANS diet, greatly increasing the octadecenoic acid content of the tissue lipids at the expense of eicosatrienoic acid. The TRANS diet also suppressed incorporation of eicosatrienoic acid into cholesteryl esters of tissue and serum, indicating that, when fed as the sole source of unsaturated fat,trans fatty acids influenced the metabolism of unsaturated fatty acids and cholesterol.
Myocardial lipids and nucleotides of rats fed olive oil or rapeseed oil
Authors: Beare‐Rogers J. L. , Gordon E. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractAfter 1 week, the level of myocardial fatty acids was 4 times greater in young rats fed high erucic rapessed oil than in those fed olive oil. The proportion of erucic acid was 5.6% in the mitochondrial fraction, 15.1% in the microsomal fraction, and 34.8% in the floating fat fraction. This incorporation of erucic acid into triglycerides of the floating fat was evidence of esterification. The changes in the mitochondrial lipids did not alter the content of adenine nucleotides of the myocardium nor its apparent capacity to oxidize substrates.
Effect of L‐triiodothyronine on Δ9 desaturase activity in liver microsomes of male rats
Authors: Ves‐Losada Ana , Peluffo Raul O. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractMale rats injected with a single saturating dose of L‐triiodothyronine (T3) showed, after a lag time of approximately eight hr, a sharp rise in Δ9 desaturase activity. Desaturase activity reached a plateau which was 1–1.2 times above the base line levels of rats which were not hormone‐treated. The plateau was maintained for five days in animals which were kept on daily hormone‐treatment. The increase in Δ9 desaturase activity by T3 required ongoing protein synthesis, because the increase in enzymatic activity due to hormone treatment was completely abolished in the presence of cycloheximide. These findings suggest that cycloheximide may block the induction of Δ9 desaturase by T3 and/or inhibit the synthesis of protein(s) essential to the desaturation‐response to T3. Modifications observed in liver microsomal fatty acid composition in T3 treated rats were independent of the effect on desaturation. It is suggested that other factors, such as diet, membrane lipid synthesis and degradation, as well as fatty acid turnover and oxidation, could be involved in affecting the fatty acid composition of thyroid hormone‐treated rats.
Occurrence of geometrical isomers of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids in liver lipids of rats fed heated linseed oil
Authors: Grandgirard A. , Piconneaux A. , Sebedio J. L. , O'Keefe S. F. , Semon E. , Le Quére J. L. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractMonotrans geometrical isomers of 20∶5 n−3 and 22∶6 n−3 were detected in liver lipid of rats fed heated linseed oil. The isomers were identified as being 20∶5 δ5c, 8c, 11c, 14c, 17t and 22∶6 δ4c, 7c, 10c, 13c, 16c, 19t. These fatty acids were isolated as methyl esters by preparative high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) on reversed phase columns followed by silver nitrate thin layer chromatography (AgNO3‐TLC). The structures were identified using partial hydrazine reduction, AgNO3‐TLC of the resulting monoenes, oxidative ozonolysis of each monoene band, and gas‐liquid chromatography (GLC) of the resulting dimethyl esters and monomethyl esters. Fourier‐transform‐infrared spectrometry confirmed thetrans geometry in isolated 20∶5 and 22∶6 isomers. The isomers of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids in liver lipids probably resulted from desaturation and elongation of 18∶3 δ9c, 12c, 15t, a geometrical isomer of linolenic acid present in the heated dietary oil.
Temperature lability and cAMP‐dependent protein kinase activation of cholesteryl ester hydrolase as a function of age in developing rat testis
Authors: Wee SiowFong , Grogan W. McLean 
Published: January 2007

AbstractCholesteryl ester hydrolase (CEH) was measured at 32°C and 37°C, and with and without cofactors for stimulation of cyclic AMP‐dependent protein kinase, in 104,000×g supernatants from rats aged 14–365 days. Activity at the two temperatures was also partially resolved by cation exchange FPLC. Total specific activity of CEH was relatively constant, with or without addition of cofactors, from 14 to 47 days, during which time temperature labile CEH was a very small fraction of total CEH activity. At later times, 51–150 days, activity was increased as much as two‐fold, both with and without cofactors, with most of the increase occurring in the temperature labile fraction. Activation of temperature stable and temperature labile activities, where present, by protein kinase cofactors could be demonstrated in all age groups, but was highly variable as a function of age and protein concentration used in the assay. Apparent induction of temperature labile activity over the interval 47–51 days coincides with reported increases in testosterone synthesis and first appearance of spermatozoa in the testis. This and other lines of evidence suggest unique roles for these enzymes in regulation of availability of free cholesterol for testosterone and membrane synthesis, respectively.
Epidermal growth factor modulates release of arachidonic acid from embryonic cells
Authors: Chepenik Kenneth P. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe calcium ionophore A23187 stimulates release of free [3H]arachidonic acids from radiolabeled cultures of MEPM cells which are growing, but not from those which are confluent. However, when confluent MEPM cells are pretreated with EGF or PMA, release of [3H]arachidonic acids does occur in response to A23187. Since neither EGF nor PMA themselves stimulate release of [3H]arachidonic acids from these cells, but do activate protein kinase C, these data support the hypothesis that protein kinase C modulates the activities of phospholipid hydrolases in MEPM cells.
Studies on detection and synthesis of prostaglandins in tail skin of the rat
Authors: Tan W. C. , Privett O. S. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractStudies are reported on the detection and in vitro biosynthesis of prostaglandins of the E type in the tail skin of male Sprague‐Dawley rats. It was found that strips of skin were preferred to other techniques of skin preparations, such as mincing or homogenization for the assay of endogenous prostaglandins. Each strip of tail skin could be used at least twice, each time in fresh buffer to obtain additional release of endogenous prostaglandins. The skin was stripped from a longitudinal incision in the tail in one piece and cut into four parallel strips lengthwise. Each strip of skin was incubated singly and the prostaglandins were extracted with ethyl acetate. The detection and analysis of prostaglandins of the E type were carried out by standard procedures on the residue of this extract dissolved in 95% ethanol. By means of this technique, endogenous prostaglandins were detected in the tail skin of rats. Little or no prostaglandins were extracted by organic solvents directly from the tissue, and the yields were low when the tissue was minced. The results indicate the possibility that endogenous prostaglandins may be synthesized during incubation in buffer or may be released from binding with other cellular components. The major prostaglandin of this tissue was PGE2; prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) was also detected. Using the same procedure, the presence of a prostaglandin synthetase system in the tail skin was demonstrated by the conversion of exogenous arachidonic acid to prostaglandin E2 (PGE2).
Lipid metabolism following triglyceride ingestion in intact and adrenalectomized rats
Authors: Fleischman Alan I. , Lenz Paul H. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractAlthough both adrenalectomized and intact Long Evans rats absorbed the same amount of fat over a 24 hr period, the livers of the intact rats accumulated triglyceride while the livers of the adrenalectomized rats failed to do so. Of the glycerides excreted in the feces, the adrenalectomized rat excreted a significantly higher proportion of triglycerides while the intact rats excreted primarily monoglycerides. Fecal excretion of bile acids and phospholipids was significantly lower in the adrenalectomized rats compared to intact rats. Thus adrenal hormones appear to influence intestinal lipolysis. Serum and liver phospholipids appeared to be significantly lower in response to a fat load in adrenalectomized rats compared to intact rats. The phospholipid content of the small intestinal wall was five‐fold higher in the intact rats than in the adrenalectomized rats. The adrenal gland appears to control phospholipid synthesis during triglyceride assimilation.
Guideline for the diagnosis and management of glutaryl‐CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (glutaric aciduria type I)
Authors: Kölker S. , Christensen E. , Leonard J. V. , Greenberg C. R. , Burlina A. B. , Burlina A. P. , Dixon M. , Duran M. , Goodman S. I. , Koeller D. M. , Müller E. , Naughten E. R. , Neumaier‐Probst E. , Okun J. G. , Kyllerman M. , Surtees R. A. , Wilcken B. , Hoffmann G. F. , Burgard P. 
Published: January 2007

SummaryGlutaryl‐CoA dehydrogenase (GCDH) deficiency is an autosomal recessive disease with an estimated overall prevalence of 1 in 100 000 newborns. Biochemically, the disease is characterized by accumulation of glutaric acid, 3‐hydroxyglutaric acid, glutaconic acid, and glutarylcarnitine, which can be detected by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry of organic acids or tandem mass spectrometry of acylcarnitines. Clinically, the disease course is usually determined by acute encephalopathic crises precipitated by infectious diseases, immunizations, and surgery during infancy or childhood. The characteristic neurological sequel is acute striatal injury and, subsequently, dystonia. During the last three decades attempts have been made to establish and optimize therapy for GCDH deficiency. Maintenance treatment consisting of a diet combined with oral supplementation of L‐carnitine, and an intensified emergency treatment during acute episodes of intercurrent illness have been applied to the majority of patients. This treatment strategy has significantly reduced the frequency of acute encephalopathic crises in early‐diagnosed patients. Therefore, GCDH deficiency is now considered to be a treatable condition. However, significant differences exist in the diagnostic procedure and management of affected patients so that there is a wide variation of the outcome, in particular of pre‐symptomatically diagnosed patients. At this time of rapid expansion of neonatal screening for GCDH deficiency, the major aim of this guideline is to re‐assess the common practice and to formulate recommendations for diagnosis and management of GCDH deficiency based on the best available evidence.
Self-reported physical activities in patients after the Mustard or Senning operation: Comparison with healthy control subjects
Authors: De Bleser Leentje , Budts Werner , Sluysmans Thierry , De Wolf Daniel , Massin Martial , Gewillig Marc , Suys Bert , Moons Philip 
Published: January 2007

Background Some decades ago, the Mustard or Senning operation was used to treat patients who were born with Transposition of the Great Arteries (TGA). Although life expectancy is good, previous studies have demonstrated limitations in exercise capacity. To what extent these limitations affect day-to-day functioning of the patients is not yet known. Aims We therefore investigated self-reported physical activities in patients after the Mustard or Senning operation, compared this with those of matched, healthy counterparts, and explored potential associations with age, gender and complexity of the TGA. Methods Seventy patients were matched with healthy controls. Habitual physical activity was measured using the Baecke questionnaire, resulting in a work, sports, and leisure time index, which ranges from 1 to 5. Results The median index scores of patients were 2.63 for work, 2.50 for sports; and 2.75 for leisure time. Only for sports, a significantly lower index score was found in patients. Furthermore, we found that older patients were less frequently engaged in sport activities (Spearman's rho=–0.38; p=0.02). Conclusion The results showed that the level of physical activities of patients after the Mustard and Senning operation is normal, except for sport activities. This indicates that patients after a Mustard or Senning operation tend to partake in all activities that they can comfortably perform.
Impact of sleep nasendoscopy on the outcome of mandibular advancement splint therapy in subjects with sleep-related breathing disorders
Authors: Johal A , Hector M P , Battagel J M , Kotecha B T 
Published: January 2007

Aim: To evaluate the impact of positive sleep nasendoscopy, with simultaneous mandibular advancement, on the outcome of mandibular advancement splint therapy in 120 subjects with sleep-related breathing disorders.Methodology: Overnight polysomnography and sleep nasendoscopy were performed prior to splint therapy. Follow-up sleep studies, with the appliance in situ, were undertaken for those patients with obstructive sleep apnoea. Subjective outcome measures assessed daytime sleepiness and snoring.Results: One hundred and seven (89 per cent) subjects completed the study. Follow-up sleep studies confirmed the efficacy of treatment, with patients showing a mean reduction in apnoea/hypopnoea index (from 18.9 to 4.9, p<0.001), Epworth sleepiness scale scores (from 11 to seven, p<0.001) and partner-recorded snoring scores (from 14 to eight, p<0.001).Conclusion: Sleep nasendoscopy, with concomitant mandibular advancement to mimic the treatment effect, could be of prognostic value in determining successful mandibular advancement splint therapy.
Glial heterotopia of the middle ear
Authors: Uğuz M Z , Arslanoğlu S , Terzi S , Etit D 
Published: January 2007

A choristoma is the presence of histologically normal tissue in an area where it is not normally located. The most frequently reported choristoma of the middle ear is salivary choristoma. Heterotopic brain tissue is very uncommon in the middle ear and mastoid.We present a rare case of glial choristoma of the middle ear, together with a review of the literature.