bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gambling and decision-making: A dual process perspective
Authors: Coventry Kenny R. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe consideration of gambling as a decision-making disorder may fail to explain why the majority of people gamble, yet only a small percentage of people lose control of their behaviour to the point where their gambling becomes problematic. The application of dual process theories to gambling addiction offers a means of explaining the differences between “normal” and “problem” gambling, augmenting the multiple vulnerabilities proposed by Redish et al.
Different vulnerabilities for addiction may contribute to the same phenomena and some additional interactions
Authors: Goudie Andrew James , Field Matt , Cole Jon 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe framework for addiction offered by the target article can perhaps be simplified into fewer, more basic, vulnerabilities. “Impulsivity” covers a number of vulnerabilities, not just enhanced delay discounting. Real-world drug-use decisions involve both delay and probability discounting. The motivational salience of, and attentional bias for, drug cues may be related to a number of vulnerabilities. Interactions among vulnerabilities are of significance and complicate the application of this framework.
The biopsychosocial and “complex” systems approach as a unified framework for addiction
Authors: Griffiths Mark D. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe “unified framework” for addiction proposed by Redish and colleagues is only unified at a reductionist level of analysis, the biological one relating to decision-making. Theories of addiction may be complementary rather than mutually exclusive, suggesting that limitations of individual theories might be unified through the combination of ideas from different biopsychosocial “complex” systems perspectives.
Neither necessary nor sufficient for addiction
Authors: Hardcastle Valerie Gray 
Published: July 2008

AbstractAlthough Redish et al. have pulled together a large number of approaches to understanding decision-making and common errors in cognition, they have outlined neither the necessary nor the sufficient attributes of addiction. They are correct in claiming that addiction is multifaceted and probably more akin to a syndrome than a genuine disease. But grasping what that multifaceted syndrome is still eludes us.
Addiction: More than innate rationality
Authors: Lende Daniel H. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractRedish et al. rely too much on a rational and innate view of decision-making, when their emphasis on variation, their integrative spirit, and their neuroscientific insights point towards a broader view of why addiction is such a tenacious problem. The integration of subjective, sociocultural, and evolutionary factors with cognitive neuroscience advances our understanding of addiction and decision-making.
The disunity of Pavlovian and instrumental values
Authors: Ostlund Sean B. , Balleine Bernard W. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractA central theme of the unified framework for addiction advanced by Redish et al. is that there exists a common value or incentive process controlling Pavlovian and instrumental conditioning. Here we briefly review evidence from a variety of sources demonstrating that these incentive processes are in fact independent. Clearly the influence of Pavlovian predictors and goal values on choice offer distinct potential targets for pathologies of decision-making.
Timing models of reward learning and core addictive processes in the brain
Authors: Ross Don 
Published: July 2008

AbstractPeople become addicted in different ways, and they respond differently to different interventions. There may nevertheless be a core neural pathology responsible for all distinctively addictive suboptimal behavioral habits. In particular, timing models of reward learning suggest a hypothesis according to which all addiction involves neuroadaptation that attenuates serotonergic inhibition of a mesolimbic dopamine system that has learned that cues for consumption of the addictive target are signals of a high-reward-rate environment.
Cue fascination: A new vulnerability in drug addiction
Authors: Sarnecki John , Traynor Rebecca , Clune Michael 
Published: July 2008

AbstractRedish et al. propose a constellation of vulnerabilities inherent in the brain's decision-making system. They allow over-attention to cues a minor role in drug addiction. We think this is inadequate. Using the established links among drug cues, dopamine, and novelty, we propose a fuller account of this key feature of addiction, which we call the phenomenon of cue fascination.
E pluribus unum? A new take on addiction by Redish et al.
Authors: Stalnaker Thomas , Schoenbaum Geoffrey 
Published: July 2008

AbstractNeuroscientists and psychologists have proposed a variety of well-supported theories to explain addiction. Many of these theories suggest that addiction results from a single process or dysfunction across all of its forms. The authors of the current review, in contrast, have used a well-defined theoretical account of decision-making to outline the variety of dysfunctions that could account for addictive behavior.
A mismatch with dual process models of addiction rooted in psychology
Authors: Wiers Reinout W. , Havermans Remco , Deutsch Roland , Stacy Alan W. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe model of addiction proposed by Redish et al. shows a lack of fit with recent data and models in psychological studies of addiction. In these dual process models, relatively automatic appetitive processes are distinguished from explicit goal-directed expectancies and motives, whereas these are all grouped together in the planning system in the Redish et al. model. Implications are discussed.
Divergence of combinatorial averages and the unboundedness of the trilinear Hilbert transform
Authors: DEMETER CIPRIAN 
Published: July 2008

AbstractWe consider multilinear averages in ergodic theory and harmonic analysis and prove their divergence in some range of Lp spaces. This contrasts with the positive behavior exhibited by these averages in a different range, as proved in Demeter et al [Maximal multilinear operators. Trans. Amer. Math. Soc.360(9) (2008), 4989–5042]. We also prove that the trilinear Hilbert transform is unbounded in a similar range of Lp spaces. The principle underlying these constructions is stated, setting the stage for more general results.
X-ray emission from an X-pinch and its applications
Authors: Liu R. , Zou X. , Wang X. , Zeng N. , He L. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe temporal and spatial X-ray emission from PPG-X, an X-pinch driven by pulsed power generator, was studied by using diamond photo-conducting detectors and pinhole cameras. It was found that the X-ray pulse usually consists of two sub-nanosecond peaks with a time interval of about 0.5 ns, these two X-ray peaks are consistent with two point sources of X-ray recorded with pinhole camera. The total X-ray energy changes from shot to shot and is averaged to be 0.35 J for hν > 1.5 keV. The size of the X-ray point source is in the range from 100 µm to 5 µm, decreasing rapidly with the increase of the photon energy. The X-pinch was used as X-ray source for backlighting the electrical explosion of single wire and for phase-contrast imaging of a mosquito.
Laser plasma interaction in copper nano-particle targets
Authors: Chaurasia S. , Munda D.S. , Ayyub P. , Kulkarni N. , Gupta N.K. , Dhareshwar L.J. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractIn this paper, we present the results of studies on ion emission characteristics of a laser plasma produced from a copper nano-particle layer of 1–3 µm thickness coated over polished surface of a solid copper target. Laser intensity of 1013–1014 W/cm2 was produced on the targets by a 2 J Nd:glass laser having a variable pulse duration of 300–800 ps. Nano-particle size was in the range of 15–25 nm. Ion emission from the nano-particle plasma was compared with plasma generated from a polished copper target. Ion emission from the nano-structured target was observed to depend on the polarization of the incident laser beam. This effect was stronger for a shorter laser pulse. X-ray emission was measured in the soft and hard X-ray region (0.7 to 8 keV) using various X-ray filters. A nano-particle coated target is found to yield a larger flux as well as velocity of ions as compared to polished target when the laser polarization is parallel to the plane containing target normal and detector axis. However, no X-ray enhancement has been observed in the wavelength range 1.5 to 20 Å.
Ozsváth Szabó's correction term and lens surgery
Authors: TANGE MOTOO 
Published: July 2008

AbstractWe will give an explicit formula of Ozsváth–Szabó's correction terms of lens spaces. Applying the formula to a restriction studied by P. Ozsváth and Z. Szabó in [12] and [13], we obtain several constraints of lens spaces which are constructed by a positive Dehn surgery in 3-sphere. Some of the constraints are results which are analogous to results which were known in [6] and [20] before. The constraints completely determine knots yielding L(p, 1) by positive Dehn surgery.
Pure Projective Approximations
Authors: HERZOG IVO , ROTHMALER PHILIPP 
Published: July 2008

AbstractA notion of good behavior is introduced for a definable subcategory of left R-modules. It is proved that every finitely presented left R-module has a pure projective left -approximation if and only if the associated torsion class of finite type in the functor category (mod-R, Ab) is coherent, i.e., the torsion subobject of every finitely presented object is finitely presented. This yields a bijective correspondence between such well-behaved definable subcategories and preenveloping subcategories of the category Add(R-mod) of pure projective left R-modules. An example is given of a preenveloping subcategory ⊆ Add(R-mod) that does not arise from a covariantly finite subcategory of finitely presented left R-modules. As a general example of this good behavior, it is shown that if R is a ring over which every left cotorsion R-module is pure injective, then the smallest definable subcategory (R-proj) containing every finitely generated projective module is well-behaved.
The distribution of the largest digit in continued fraction expansions
Authors: WU JUN , XU JIAN 
Published: July 2008

AbstractLet [a1(x), a2(x), . . .] be the continued fraction expansion of x ∈ [0,1). Write Tn(x)=max{ak(x):1 ≤ k ≤ n}. Philipp [6] proved that

Okano [5] showed that for any k ≥ 2, there exists x ∈ [0, 1) such that T(x)=1/log k. In this paper we show that, for any α ≥ 0, the set

is of Hausdorff dimension 1.
Trends in overweight and obesity in pre-school children in urban areas of Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, from 2002 to 2005
Authors: Dieu Huynh Thi Thu , Dibley Michael J , Sibbritt David W , Hanh Tran Thi Minh 
Published: July 2008

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the trends in overweight and obesity in pre-school children in urban areas of Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC), Vietnam, over the period 2002 to 2005.DesignTwo cross-sectional studies were conducted in 2002 and 2005. Multistage cluster sampling was used in both surveys to select the subjects. Sociodemographic information was collected using a self-administered questionnaire given to parents in 2002 and using an interview-administered questionnaire to parents in 2005. Weight and height were measured using the same standard methods in both surveys. BMI (kg/m2) was calculated and overweight/obesity was defined using the age- and sex-specific BMI cut-off points proposed by the International Obesity Taskforce.Subjects and settingChildren aged 4 to 5 years, attending pre-schools in urban areas of HCMC, Vietnam, in 2002 (n492) and 2005 (n670).ResultsThe prevalence of overweight and obesity almost doubled from 2002 to 2005 (21·4 % and 36·8 %, respectively). The increase was more evident in less wealthy districts than in wealthy districts. The proportion of boys classified as obese in 2005 (22·5 %) was three times that in 2002 (6·9 %).ConclusionThe prevalence of overweight and obesity has increased rapidly in children aged 4 to 5 years in urban areas, and especially in less wealthy districts, over a 3-year period. These results signal an urgent need for prevention programmes to control and reverse this rapid upward trend in overweight and obesity in young children in HCMC.
Policy options for obesity in Europe: a comparison of public health specialists with other stakeholders
Authors: González-Zapata Laura I , Alvarez-Dardet Carlos , Ortiz-Moncada Rocio , Clemente Vicente , Millstone Erik , Holdsworth Michelle , Sarri Katerina , Tarlao Giulio , Horvath Zoltanne , Lobstein Tim , Savva Savvas 
Published: July 2008

AbstractObjectiveTo explore policy options that public health specialists (PHS) consider appropriate for combating obesity in Europe, and compare their preferences with those of other stakeholders (non-PHS).DesignStructured interviews using multicriteria mapping, a computer-based, decision-support tool.SettingNine European countries.SubjectsA total of 189 stakeholders. Twenty-seven interviewees were PHS and non-PHS included food, sports and health sectors.MeasurementsA four-step approach was taken, i.e. selecting options, defining criteria, scoring options quantitatively and weighting the criteria to provide overall rankings of options. Interviews were recorded and transcribed to yield qualitative data.ResultsThe PHS concur with other stakeholders interviewed, as all emphasised the importance of educational initiatives in combating obesity, followed by policies to improve community sports facilities, introduce mandatory food labelling and controlling food and drink advertising. Further analyses revealed several significant differences. The non-PHS from the private sector ranked institutional reforms favourably; the PHS from non-Mediterranean countries supported the option of medicines to prevent obesity; and those PHS from Mediterranean countries endorsed the use of activity monitoring devices such as pedometers. As far as appraisal criteria were concerned, PHS considered efficacy and the economic impact on the public sector to be the most important.ConclusionThere is clear consensus among PHS and other stakeholders concerning the need for a package of policy options, which suggests that European-wide implementation could be successful. However, it would be advisable to avoid more contentious policy options such as taxation until future changes in public opinion.
Iodine deficiency in pregnant women in eastern Turkey (Malatya Province): 7 years after the introduction of mandatory table salt iodization
Authors: Egri Mucahit , Ercan Cihan , Karaoglu Leyla 
Published: July 2008

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of the present study was to evaluate the urinary I excretion of pregnant women in Malatya Province, eastern Turkey.Design and settingA cross-sectional study was performed on pregnant women in urban and rural settlements of Malatya Province.SubjectsUrinary I excretion was measured for 824 pregnant women who were randomly selected using a probability-proportional-to-size sampling methodology.ResultsMedian urinary I concentration (UIC) of pregnant women was 77·4 μg/l. The percentage of pregnant women with UIC below 100 μg/l was 83·3.ConclusionThese results indicate that I deficiency disorders (IDD) is still a problem in Malatya Province and most certainly in other parts of the country. Proper monitoring of I content of the salt sold or used in the area, in order to strengthen the IDD intervention programme, is suggested.
Climate and Tectonic Changes in the Ocean Around New Zealand
Authors: Proust Jean‐Noel , Lamarche Geoffroy , Migeon Sébastien , Neil Helen 
Published: July 2008

Many countries have recognized climate change due to human activities as one of the most critical issues facing the modern world. However, validating predictive models of the potential anthropogenic impact on shaping the Earth's surface requires the examination and documentation of analogous tectonic and climate changes of the past, working with the paradigm that past environmental changes are keys to understanding the future.A France‐New Zealand research program, which also involves institutions from several other countries, aims to disentangle the impact of tectonics and climate on the landscape evolution of New Zealand over the past million years, at a very high resolution timescale—with steps as small as 100 years, i.e., relating to events such as earthquakes, tsunamis, and cyclones. The 5‐year “Matacore” program (whose name derives from the Matakaoa debris flow coring program, although the program scope is larger than that) began in January 2006 during Leg 152 of R/V Marion Dufresne. The research team collected 31 sediment cores, cumulating 600 meters of soft sediment, during a 15‐day survey around New Zealand. Preliminary results of the program show complex interactions between tectonics and climate.
Comparative methods in R hackathon
Authors: O’Meara Brian , Alfaro Michael , Bell Charles , Bolker Benjamin , Butler Marguerite , Cowan Peter , de Vienne Damien , Desper Richard , Felsenstein Joseph , Harmon Luke , Heibl Christoph , Hipp Andrew , Hunt Gene , Jombart Thibaut , Kembel Steve , Lapp Hilmar , Loarie Scott , Maddison Wayne , Midford Peter , Orme David , Paradis Emmanuel , Price Sam , Rabosky Dan , Sidlauskas Brian , Smith Stacey , Swofford Dave , Vision Todd , Waddell Peter , Zanne Amy , Zwickl Derrick 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe R statistical analysis package has emerged as a popular platform for implementation of powerful comparative methods to understand the evolution of organismal traits and diversification. A hackathon was organized to bring together active R developers as well as end-users working on the integration of comparative phylogenetic methods within R to actively address issues of data exchange standards, code interoperability, usability, documentation quality, and the breadth of functionality for comparative methods available within R. Outcomes included a new base package for phylogenetic trees and data, a public wiki with tutorials and overviews of existing packages, code to allow Mesquite and R to interact, improvement of existing packages, and increased interaction within the community.
Poor Functional Status as a Risk Factor for Surgical Site Infection Due to Methicillin-ResistantStaphylococcus aureus
Authors: Anderson Deverick J. , Chen Luke F. , Schmader Kenneth E. , Sexton Daniel J. , Choi Yong , Link Katherine , Sloane Rick , Kaye Keith S. 
Published: July 2008

Objective.To identify risk factors for surgical site infection (SSI) due to methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA).Design.Prospective case-control study.Setting.One tertiary and 6 community-based institutions in the southeastern United States.Methods.We compared patients with SSI due to MRSA with 2 control groups: matched uninfected surgical patients and patients with SSI due to methicillin-susceptibleS. aureus(MSSA). Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine variables independently associated with SSI due to MRSA, compared with each control group.Results.During the 5-year study period, 150 case patients with SSI due to MRSA were identified and compared with 231 matched uninfected control patients and 128 control patients with SSI due to MSSA. Two variables were independendy associated with SSI due to MRSA in both multivariable regression models: need for assistance with 3 or more activities of daily living (odds ratio [OR] compared with uninfected patients, 3.97 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 2.18-7.25]; OR compared with patients with SSI due to MSSA, 3.88 [95% CI, 1.91-7.87]) and prolonged duration of surgery (OR compared with uninfected patients, 1.98 [95% CI, 1.11-3.55]; OR compared with patients with SSI due to MSSA, 2.33 [95% CI, 1.17-4.62]). Lack of independence (ie, poor functional status) remained associated with an increased risk of SSI due to MRSA after stratifying by age.Conclusions.Poor functional status was highly associated with SSI due to MRSA in adult surgical patients, regardless of age. A patient's level of independence can be easily determined, and this information can be used preoperatively to target preventive interventions.
Multi-spectra peptide sequencing and its applications to multistage mass spectrometry
Authors: Bandeira Nuno , Olsen Jesper V. , Mann Matthias , Pevzner Pavel A. 
Published: July 2008

Abstract
Despite a recent surge of interest in database-independent peptide identifications, accurate de novo peptide sequencing remains an elusive goal. While the recently introduced spectral network approach resulted in accurate peptide sequencing in low-complexity samples, its success depends on the chance of presence of spectra from overlapping peptides. On the other hand, while multistage mass spectrometry (collecting multiple MS 3 spectra from each MS 2 spectrum) can be applied to all spectra in a complex sample, there are currently no software tools for de novo peptide sequencing by multistage mass spectrometry. We describe a rigorous probabilistic framework for analyzing spectra of overlapping peptides and show how to apply it for multistage mass spectrometry. Our software results in both accurate de novo peptide sequencing from multistage mass spectra (despite the inferior quality of MS 3 spectra) and improved interpretation of spectral networks. We further study the problem of de novo peptide sequencing with accurate parent mass (but inaccurate fragment masses), the protocol that may soon become the dominant mode of spectral acquisition. Most existing peptide sequencing algorithms (based on the spectrum graph approach) do not track the accurate parent mass and are thus not equipped for solving this problem. We describe a de novo peptide sequencing algorithm aimed at this experimental protocol and show that it improves the sequencing accuracy on both tandem and multistage mass spectrometry.
Availability: The open-source implementation of our software is available at http://proteomics.bioprojects.org.
Contact: bandeira@ucsd.edu
Supplementary information:: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
HELIQUEST: a web server to screen sequences with specific α-helical properties
Authors: Gautier Romain , Douguet Dominique , Antonny Bruno , Drin Guillaume 
Published: July 2008

Abstract
Summary: HELIQUEST calculates the physicochemical properties and amino acid composition of an α-helix and screens databank to identify protein segments possessing similar features. This server is also dedicated to mutating helices manually or automatically by genetic algorithm to design analogues of defined features.
Availability: http://heliquest.ipmc.cnrs.fr
Contact: gautier@ipmc.cnrs.fr