bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Crystal morphology and isothermal crystallization kinetics of short carbon fiber/poly(ethylene 2,6‐naphthalate) composites
Authors: Zheng Li‐Juan , Qi Jian‐Gang , Zhang Qing‐Hong , Zhou Wen‐Feng , Liu Dan 
Published: January 2008

AbstractIsothermal crystallization kinetics, subsequent melting behavior, and the crystal morphology of short carbon fiber and poly(ethylene 2,6‐naphthalate) composites (SCF/PEN) were investigated by using differential scanning calorimetry and polarized optical microscopy. The crystal morphology of the composites isothermally crystallized at Tc = 220°C is predominantly banded spherulites observed under polarizing micrographs, while the pattern of banded spherulites changed from ring to serration as the SCF content added into the PEN. Moreover, nonbanded spherulites formed at Tc = 210°C. The commonly used Avrami equation was used to fit the primary stage of the isothermal crystallization. The Avrami exponents n are evaluated to be 2.6–3.0 for the neat PEN and 3.7–4.0 for SCF/PEN composites, and the SCF acting as nucleation agents in composites accelerates the crystallization rate with decreasing the half‐time of crystallization, and the sample with SCF component of 2% has the fastest crystallization rate. The crystallization activation energy calculated from the Arrhenius formula suggests that the adding SCF component improved the crystallization ability of the PEN matrix greatly, and the sample with of 2% SCF component has the most crystallization ability. Subsequent melting scans of the isothermally crystallized composites exhibited triple melting endotherms, in which the more the component of SCF, the lower temperature of the melting peak, indicating the less perfect crystallites formed in those composites. Furthermore, the melting peaks of the same sample are shifted to higher temperature with increasing Tc, suggesting the more perfect crystallites formed at higher Tc. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Synthesis and photopolymerization characterization of a novel difunctional photoinitiator
Authors: Xiao Pu , Dai Mingzhi , Nie Jun 
Published: January 2008

AbstractA novel difunctional photoinitiator HBP‐TDI‐HBP based on 4‐hydroxybenzophenone (HBP) and toluene‐2,4‐diisocyanate (TDI) was synthesized and characterized by 1H NMR and UV–Vis absorption spectroscopy. The kinetics of photopolymerization was studied by real‐time infrared spectroscopy. It showed that HBP‐TDI‐HBP was a more effective photoinitiator than benzophenone. When this photointiator and amine were used to efficiently initiate polymerization of acrylates and methacrylates, both rate of polymerization and final conversion increased with increase of HBP‐TDI‐HBP concentration, light intensity, and amine concentration. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Time and temperature effect on the linear–nonlinear viscoelastic transition threshold of a polymeric system
Authors: Papanicolaou G. C. , Xepapadaki A. G. , Karagounaki K. , Zaoutsos S. P. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractIn the present study, the transition of a polymeric material from the linear to the nonlinear viscoelastic behavior and the determination of the nonlinearity stress threshold variation with time and temperature are investigated. For this purpose a systematic experimental program consisted of thermal and mechanical characterization of certain polymeric material followed by isothermal creep tests at different stress levels and temperatures was conducted. Through isochronal curves that occurred from creep tests, the nonlinearity threshold dependence on both time and temperature is presented. The reported results provide information that is critical for the design and development of polymer structures and components. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Biological Activity, Structural Features, and Synthetic Studies of (−)‐Ternatin, a Potent Fat‐Accumulation Inhibitor of 3T3‐L1 Adipocytes
Authors: Shimokawa Kenichiro , Mashima Itsuka , Asai Akiko , Ohno Tomohiro , Yamada Kaoru , Kita Masaki , Uemura Daisuke 
Published: January 2008

AbstractA series of studies, including preliminary screening, isolation, structure determination, synthesis, and biological evaluation, of (−)‐ternatin (1) are described. A highly N‐methylated cyclic heptapeptide isolated from the mushroom Coriolus versicolor, 1 shows an inhibitory effect on fat accumulation by 3T3‐L1 murine adipocytes (EC50=0.02 μg mL−1). Detailed analysis of 1D and 2D NMR spectra, as well as amino acid analysis, suggested four stereoisomers as candidates for 1. For the complete structural elucidation of 1, chemical syntheses were carried out by solid‐phase peptide synthesis. By comparing the spectroscopic data for the natural product with the data for the synthetic stereoisomers, the structure of 1 was confirmed to be cyclo[D‐allo‐Ile1‐L‐(NMe)Ala2‐L‐(NMe)Leu3‐L‐Leu4‐L‐(NMe)Ala5‐D‐(NMe)Ala6‐(2R,3R)‐3‐hydroxy‐Leu7].
Cooperative AND Ion‐Pair Recognition by Heteroditopic Calix[4]diquinone Receptors
Authors: Lankshear Michael D. , Dudley Ian M. , Chan Kar‐Man , Cowley Andrew R. , Santos Sérgio M. , Felix Vitor , Beer Paul D. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractA new family of heteroditopic calix[4]diquinone receptors capable of the cooperative recognition of ion‐pair species through a contact binding mechanism has been developed. The receptors bind contact ion pairs cooperatively, with an unprecedented AND recognition phenomenon being observed to operate in certain cases, in which receptors display no affinity for either of the individual “free” cation or anion, but bind the cation and anion ion‐pair strongly. X‐ray crystallographic, solution‐state, and computational methods rationalize the observed recognition behavior of the receptors. It is shown that the contact ion‐pair interaction occurs through a π‐stacking‐mediated folding of the receptors such that the anion and cation binding sites are arranged in close proximity, while in the solid state an unusual ion‐mediated receptor dimerization is observed. Molecular dynamics simulations are further used to explain the observed trends in the association constants of different ion‐pair species and the mechanism of interaction.
First Principles Computation of Lattice Energies of Organic Solids: The Benzene Crystal
Authors: Ringer Ashley L. , Sherrill C. David 
Published: January 2008

AbstractWe provide a first‐principles methodology to obtain converged results for the lattice energy of crystals of small, neutral organic molecules. In particular, we determine the lattice energy of crystalline benzene using an additive system based on the individual interaction energies of benzene dimers. Enthalpy corrections are estimated so that the lattice energy can be directly compared to the experimentally determined sublimation energy. Our best estimate of the sublimation energy is 49.4 kJ mol−1, just over the typical experimentally reported values of 43–47 kJ mol−1. Our results underscore the necessity of using highly correlated electronic structure methods to determine thermodynamic properties within chemical accuracy. The first coordination sphere contributes about 90 % of the total lattice energy, and the second coordination sphere contributes the remaining 10 %. Three‐body interactions are determined to be negligible.
ChemInform Abstract: Low‐Lying Electronic States of M3O9‐ and M3O92‐ (M: Mo, W)
Authors: Li Shenggang , Dixon David A. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Diastereoselective Formation of Ruthenium Complexes for Efficient Catalytic Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation.
Authors: Baratta Walter , Chelucci Giorgio , Herdtweck Eberhardt , Magnolia Santo , Siega Katia , Rigo Pierluigi 
Published: January 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Ring Transformations of Heterocyclic Compounds. Part 25. Phenanthrene Aldehyde Imines (III) via Ring Transformation of Pyrylium Salts with Methylenedihydroisoquinolines — A Novel Access to the Phenanthrene Skeleton.
Authors: Zimmermann Thomas , Krautscheid Harald 
Published: January 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Copper‐Catalyzed Domino Radical Cyclization Route to Benzospiro‐indolizidinepyrrolidinones.
Authors: Stevens Christian V. , Van Meenen Ellen , Masschelein Kurt G. R. , Eeckhout Yves , Hooghe Wim , D'hondt Bart , Nemykin Victor N. , Zhdankin Viktor V. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Total Synthesis of Arenastatin A, a Spongean Cytotoxic Depsipeptide.
Authors: Kotoku Naoyuki , Narumi Fuminori , Kato Tomoya , Yamaguchi Miho , Kobayashi Motomasa 
Published: January 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Absolute Configuration of (‐)‐Serantrypinone.
Authors: Hart David J. , Oba Gabriel 
Published: January 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Nuclear Export Inhibitor JBIR‐02, a New Piericidin Discovered from Streptomyces sp. ML55.
Authors: Shin‐ya Kazuo , et al. et al. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Hydrogenation Through Metal—Ligand Bifunctional Catalysis
Authors: Noyori Ryoji , Ohkuma Takeshi , Sandoval Christian A. , Muniz Kilian 
Published: January 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation, Crystal Structure and Magnetic Behavior of New Double Perovskites Sr2B′UO6 with B′: Mn, Fe, Ni, Zn.
Authors: Pinacca R. M. , Viola M. C. , Pedregosa J. C. , Martinez‐Lope M. J. , Carbonio R. E. , Alonso J. A. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold‐Catalyzed 5‐ and 6‐exo‐dig Selective Cyclizations of Alkynyl Silyl Enol Ethers: Efficient Method for [3 + 2] and [4 + 2] Annulations onto α,β‐Enones.
Authors: Lee Kooyeon , Lee Phil Ho 
Published: January 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Silver Nanostructures with Controlled Shapes and Properties
Authors: Wiley Benjamin , Sun Yugang , Xia Younan 
Published: January 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Chemistry, Biology, and QSAR Studies of Substituted Biaryl Hydroxamates and Mercaptoacetamides as HDAC Inhibitors—Nanomolar‐Potency Inhibitors of Pancreatic Cancer Cell Growth
Authors: Kozikowski Alan P. , Chen Yufeng , Gaysin Arsen M. , Savoy Doris N. , Billadeau Daniel D. , Kim Ki Hwan 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThe histone deacetylases (HDACs) are able to regulate gene expression, and inhibitors of the HDACs (HDACIs) hold promise in the treatment of cancer as well as a variety of neurodegenerative diseases. To investigate the potential for isoform selectivity in the inhibition of HDACs, we prepared a small series of 2,4′‐diaminobiphenyl ligands functionalized at the para‐amino group with an appendage containing either a hydroxamate or a mercaptoacetamide group and coupled to an amino acid residue at the ortho‐amino group. A smaller series of substituted phenylthiazoles was also explored. Some of these newly synthesized ligands show low‐nanomolar potency in HDAC inhibition assays and display micromolar to low‐nanomolar IC50 values in tests against five pancreatic cancer cell lines. The isoform selectivity of these ligands for class I HDACs (HDAC1–3 and 8) and class IIb HDACs (HDAC6 and 10) together with QSAR studies of their correlation with lipophilicity are presented. Of particular interest is the selectivity of the mercaptoacetamides for HDAC6.
Sensitivity of tumor cells to proteasome inhibitors is associated with expression levels and composition of proteasome subunits
Authors: Busse Antonia , Kraus Marianne , Na Il‐Kang , Rietz Anika , Scheibenbogen Carmen , Driessen Christoph , Blau Igor Wolfgang , Thiel Eckhard , Keilholz Ulrich 
Published: January 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND.Sensitivity of tumor cells to induction of apoptosis by proteasome inhibitors varies greatly. This study was undertaken to investigate the sensitivity of neoplastic B cells and solid tumor cells to proteasome inhibition with respect to constitutive expression levels of proteasome subunits.METHODS.Twelve neoplastic B‐cell lines and 12 solid tumor cell lines were assessed for their expression levels of proteasome subunits by using quantitative reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction analysis and were assessed for their sensitivity to the proteasome inhibitors PS‐341 and lactacystin by using a flow cytometry assay that detected activated caspases.RESULTS.The neoplastic B‐cell lines were categorized into 3 groups representing refractory cell lines, cell lines with moderate sensitivity, and cell lines with high sensitivity. Correlating expression levels of proteasome subunits with sensitivity to proteasome inhibition indicated that refractory B cells exhibited lower expression levels of the standard subunit β2 and of the immunoproteasome subunit LMP2 compared with sensitive B cell lines. Compared with neoplastic B cells solid tumor cells were less sensitive. They expressed the immunoproteasome subunits LMP2, LMP7 and MECL‐1 and the standard subunit β2 clearly below the median of the expression level of the sensitive B cell lines. IFN‐γ pretreatment enhanced sensitivity to PS‐341 in 50% of the tumor cell lines, potentially related to the induction of immunoproteasomes.CONCLUSIONS.The results of this study indicated that sensitivity to proteasome inhibition is correlated with expression levels of proteasome subunits, which determine the enzymatic activity of the proteasome. Combining PS‐341 with IFN‐γ may enhance its clinical efficacy. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
Racial disparities in cancer therapy
Authors: Gross Cary P. , Smith Benjamin D. , Wolf Elizabeth , Andersen Martin 
Published: January 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND.The purpose of this study was to determine whether racial disparities in cancer therapy had diminished since the time they were initially documented in the early 1990s.METHODS.The authors identified a cohort of patients in the SEER‐Medicare linked database who were ages 66 to 85 years and who had a primary diagnosis of colorectal, breast, lung, or prostate cancer during 1992 through 2002. The authors identified 7 stage‐specific processes of cancer therapy by using Medicare claims. Candidate covariates in multivariate logistic regression included year, clinical, and sociodemographic characteristics, and physician access before cancer diagnosis.RESULTS.During the full study period, black patients were significantly less likely than white patients to receive therapy for cancers of the lung (surgical resection of early stage, 64.0% vs 78.5% for blacks and whites, respectively), breast (radiation after lumpectomy, 77.8% vs 85.8%), colon (adjuvant therapy for stage III, 52.1% vs 64.1%), and prostate (definitive therapy for early stage, 72.4% vs 77.2%, respectively). For both black and white patients, there was little or no improvement in the proportion of patients receiving therapy for most cancer therapies studied, and there was no decrease in the magnitude of any of these racial disparities between 1992 and 2002. Racial disparities persisted even after restricting the analysis to patients who had physician access before their diagnosis.CONCLUSIONS.There has been little improvement in either the overall proportion of Medicare beneficiaries receiving cancer therapies or the magnitude of racial disparity. Efforts in the last decade to mitigate cancer therapy disparities appear to have been unsuccessful. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
Histopathologic determinants of regional lymph node metastasis in early colorectal cancer
Authors: Ishikawa Yukio , Akishima‐Fukasawa Yuri , Ito Kinji , Akasaka Yoshikiyo , Yokoo Tomoko , Ishii Toshiharu ,   and the Toho Study Group for Cancer Biological Behavior
Published: January 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND.Early colorectal cancer (ECC) is curable by endoscopic local resection; however, 10% of patients with ECC exhibit lymph node (LN) metastasis. In the current study, accurate predictors for LN metastasis in patients with ECC were examined by using immunohistochemistry with the lymphatic endothelial hyaluronan receptor 1 (LYVE‐1) antibody to discriminate between lymphatics and blood vessels.METHODS.Colorectal tissue specimens obtained from 71 patients with ECC, including 28 patients with regional LN metastasis, were immunostained with antibodies against LYVE‐1, β‐catenin, claudin‐3, claudin‐4, and cytokeratin. The significance of the histopathologic variables for LN metastasis in ECC was investigated on the basis of specific histopathologic parameters.RESULTS.Lymphatic invasion confirmed by LYVE‐1 immunohistochemistry was observed mainly in the submucosal area around the primary tumor and rarely was observed in the tumor. Expression patterns of β‐catenin, claudin‐3, and claudin‐4 in cancer cells at the invasive front were irrelevant to LN status. Tumor size, depth of invasion, histologic tumor type, budding formation, and lymphatic invasion were statistically significant to LN status in univariate analysis; however, only 2 factors—lymphatic invasion and budding formation at the invasive front—were independent predictors of LN metastasis in ECC.CONCLUSIONS.LYVE‐1 immunohistochemistry appeared to be a useful method for detecting lymphatics invaded by cancer cells, and detailed examination of the submucosa around the tumor may be important for predicting LN metastasis. When lymphatic invasion and budding formation are observed histopathologically in patients with ECC, additional therapy, such as adjuvant chemotherapy or a curative resection of the regional LN, may be required. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
Evidence for nonreciprocal organization of the mouse auditory thalamocortical‐corticothalamic projection systems
Authors: Llano Daniel A. , Sherman S. Murray 
Published: January 2008

AbstractWe tested the hypothesis that information is routed from one area of the auditory cortex (AC) to another via the dorsal division of the medial geniculate body (MGBd) by analyzing the degree of reciprocal connectivity between the auditory thalamus and cortex. Biotinylated dextran amine injected into the primary AC (AI) or anterior auditory field (AAF) of mice produced large, “driver‐type” terminals primarily in the MGBd, with essentially no such terminals in the ventral MGB (MGBv). In contrast, small, “modulator‐type” terminals were found primarily in the MGBv, and this coincided with areas of retrogradely labeled thalamocortical cell bodies. After MGBv injections, anterograde label was observed in layers 4 and 6 of the AI and AAF, which coincided with retrogradely labeled layer 6 cell bodies. After MGBd injections, thalamocortical terminals were seen in layers 1, 4, and 6 of the secondary AC and dorsoposterior AC, which coincided with labeled layer 6 cell bodies. Notably, after MGBd injection, a substantial number of layer 5 cells were labeled in all AC areas, whereas very few were seen after MGBv injection. Further, the degree of anterograde label in layer 4 of cortical columns containing labeled layer 6 cell bodies was greater than in columns containing labeled layer 5 cell bodies. These data suggest that auditory layer 5 corticothalamic projections are targeted to the MGBd in a nonreciprocal fashion and that the MGBd may route this information to the nonprimary AC. J. Comp. Neurol. 507:1209–1227, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.