bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Palladium/Perfluoroalkylated Pyridine Catalyst for Sonogashira Reaction of Aryl Bromides and Chlorides in a Fluorous Biphasic System
Authors: Yi Wen‐Bin , Cai Chun , Wang Xin 
Published: June 2007

AbstractPalladium perfluorooctanesulfonate [Pd(OPf)2] catalyses the highly efficient Sonogashira reaction of aryl bromides and chlorides in the presence of a catalytic amount of perfluoroalkylated pyridine as a ligand in a fluorous biphasic system (FBS) composed of toluene and perfluorodecalin. The reaction can be performed under phosphane‐, copper‐ and DMF‐free conditions in an air atmosphere. By simple separation of the fluorous phase containing palladium/perfluoroalkylated pyridine catalyst, the reaction can be repeated several times.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Social representations of history and the legitimation of social inequality: the form and function of historical negation
Authors: Sibley Chris G. , Liu James H. , Duckitt John , Khan Sammyh S. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThree studies examined the form and function of ideologies that negate (versus recognise) the historical basis of claims for reparation for past injustices. Historical negation (a) predicted opposition towards the resource‐specific aspects of social policy and (b) functioned as the mechanism though which majority group members high in a threat‐driven security‐cohesion motivation (indexed by right‐wing authoritarianism (RWA)) legitimated policy opposition in both undergraduate student (Study 1) and general population (Study 2) samples of the majority group (New Zealand Europeans/Pakeha). Study 3 experimentally manipulated historical negation in a general population sample using extracts adapted from political speeches, and demonstrated that historical negation increased opposition among liberal voters towards the resource‐specific aspects of bicultural policy. These results suggest that history serves an important symbolic function in mobilising support for public policies regarding intergroup relations because temporal continuity is central to claims of legitimacy, especially where resources are involved. Research in this area is important for any nation with a history of intergroup conflict, as it aids not only in understanding the form and function of historical narratives that legitimate social inequality, but also provides insight into the ways in which such discourses can be countered and re‐formulated in order to promote social equality. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Consensus recommendations to promote and advance predictive systems toxicology and toxicogenomics
Authors: Waters Michael , Yauk Carole 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe number of high throughput –omics technologies continues to grow. Toxicogenomic application of these technologies is poised to greatly influence current regulatory toxicology. However, many changes are needed before a systems biology level approach can be effectively incorporated into the regulatory toxicology framework. A workshop was held at the Annual Environmental Mutagen Society meeting in Vancouver, British Columbia, on advances in –omics applications. A number of recommendations emerged from the workshop discussion (beyond what activities are currently ongoing) aimed at advancing the ultimate goal of predictive systems toxicology from the present formative state of toxicogenomics. Recommendations include: (1) encouraging investigators to embrace open‐access data sharing, (2) increasing current database and curation capacity, (3) establishment of large collaborative projects investigating multiple –omics endpoints within the same groups of animals, (4) mechanisms to encourage collaborative science including increasing the value of junior authorship on multi‐authored papers and changes in the promotion process, (5) further development of standardized protocols, and (6) investment from the funding agencies and toxicology community to build the required infrastructure. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 48:400–403, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
QA/QC issues to aid regulatory acceptance of microarray gene expression data
Authors: Fuscoe James C. , Tong Weida , Shi Leming 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe U.S. Food and Drug Administration is responsible for (1) promoting and protecting public health by assuring the safety and effectiveness of medicines and medical devices and (2) advancing public health by helping to speed innovations that make medicines and foods safer, more effective, and more affordable. The genomics revolution has dramatically increased our knowledge of basic biology but this has not resulted in the expected acceleration of new medical product development. The Agency's Critical Path to New Medical Products stresses that new tools are needed to address this pipeline problem. Microarray technology is one of these promising tools although questions have risen about the reproducibility of measurements. The Microarray Quality Control (MAQC) Project was initiated by FDA scientists to address this issue. This large project, which evaluated reference RNA samples on seven microarray platforms, found good intralaboratory repeatability and interlaboratory reproducibility. In addition, there was high cross‐platform consistency. All data are available free of cost and the reference RNA samples are available for proficiency testing. Thus, current microarray technology appears to provide both reliability and consistency for regulatory submissions. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 48:349–353, 2007. Published 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Implementing the U.S. FDA guidance on pharmacogenomic data submissions
Authors: Goodsaid Federico , Frueh Felix W. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe FDA Guidance for Industry: Pharmacogenomics Data Submissions was issued in 2005. This guidance document covers a broad area associated with how and when to submit genomic data to the FDA. Additional tasks associated with genomic data submissions include the implementation of genomic data submissions; the process for qualification of exploratory biomarkers into valid biomarkers; and technical recommendations for the generation and submission of genomic data to the FDA. These tasks have been addressed throughout the past 2 years by a number of initiatives. These initiatives have included the development of the Interdisciplinary Pharmacogenomics Review Group for review of pharmacogenomic data submissions, the pilot process for qualification of biomarkers, and the concept paper on recommendations for the generation and submission of genomic data. These initiatives have contributed to the effective implementation of the Pharmacogenomics Guidance at the FDA. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 48:354–358, Published 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
U.S. environmental protection agency's activities to prepare for regulatory and risk assessment applications of genomics information
Authors: Benson William H. , Gallagher Kathryn , McClintock J. Thomas 
Published: June 2007

AbstractGenomics is expected to have significant implications for risk assessment and regulatory decision making. Since 2002, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has undertaken a number of cross‐agency activities to further prepare itself to receive, interpret, and apply genomics information for risk assessment and regulatory purposes. These activities include: (1) the issuance of an Interim Genomics Policy on the use of genomics information in risk assessments and decision making, (2) the release of the 2004 Genomics White Paper, which outlines potential applications and implications of genomics for EPA, and (3) the recent release of the external review draft of the Interim Guidance on Microarray‐Based Assays, which outlines data submission, quality, analysis, management, and training considerations for such data. This manuscript discusses these activities and more recent follow‐up activities with the aim of further communicating these efforts to the broader scientific and stakeholder community. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 48:359–362, 2007. Published 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Genomics‐based food‐borne pathogen testing and diagnostics: Possibilities for the U.S. department of agriculture's food safety and inspection service
Authors: Withee James , Dearfield Kerry L. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe use of genomic technologies at the U.S. Department of Agriculture could enhance inspection, monitoring, and risk assessment capabilities within its Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS). Molecular assays capable of detecting hundreds of microbial DNA sequences within a single food sample that identify food‐borne pathogens of concern and characterize their traits most relevant to human health risk are of great interest for FSIS. For example, a high‐density assay, or combination of assays, could screen FSIS inspected food for pathogens relevant to public health (e.g., Salmonella, Listeria, and toxic E. coli) as well as their associated virulence factors and antibiotic resistance genes. Because most genotype assays can be completed in one working day with a minimum of reagents, use of such assays could potentially save FSIS a significant amount of cost/time for analyses. Further, a genotype assay can detect specific microbial traits relevant to human health risk based on the DNA sequence of toxin producing genes, antibiotic resistance alleles, and more. By combining rapid analysis with specific data on human health risks, information from such high‐density genotype assays could provide expanded support for test and hold situations, recalls, outbreak management, and microbial risk assessments (e.g., provide data needed for food‐borne illness source attribution). Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 48:363–368, 2007. Published 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Application of toxicogenomics to genetic toxicology risk assessment
Authors: Thybaud Véronique , Le Fevre Anne‐Céline , Boitier Eric 
Published: June 2007

AbstractBased on the assumption that compounds having similar toxic modes of action induce specific gene expression changes, the toxicity of unknown compounds can be predicted after comparison of their molecular fingerprints with those obtained with compounds of known toxicity. These predictive models will therefore rely on the characterization of marker genes. Toxicogenomics (TGX) also provides mechanistic insight into the mode of toxicity, and can therefore be used as an adjunct to the standard battery of genotoxicity tests. Promising results, highlighting the ability of TGX to differentiate genotoxic from non‐genotoxic carcinogens, as well as DNA‐reactive from non‐DNA reactive genotoxins, have been reported. Additional data suggested the possibility of ranking genotoxins according to the nature of their interactions with DNA. This new approach could contribute to the improvement of risk assessment. TGX could be applied as a follow‐up testing strategy in case of positive in vitro genotoxicity findings, and could contribute to improve our ability to identify the molecular mechanism of action and to possibly better assess dose–response curves. TGX has been found to be less sensitive than the standard genotoxicity end‐points, probably because it measures the whole cell population response, when compared with standard tests designed to detect rare events in a small number of cells. Further validation will be needed (1) to better link the profiles obtained with TGX to the established genotoxicity end‐points, (2) to improve the gene annotation tools, and (3) to standardise study design and data analysis and to better evaluate the impact of variability between platforms and bioinformatics approaches. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 48:369‐379, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
From genomics to mechanistic insight: A global perspective on molecular deficits induced by environmental agents
Authors: Ramos Kenneth S. , Steffen Marlene C. , Falahatpisheh M.H. , Nanez Adrian 
Published: June 2007

AbstractAs the postgenomic era continues to unfold, a new wave of scientific investigation is upon us focusing on the application of genomic technologies to study the meanings encrypted on the DNA code and the responses of living organisms to changes in their environment. Recent functional genomics studies in this laboratory have focused on the role of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor, a ubiquitous transcription factor, in genetic programming during renal development. Also of interest is the application of genomics investigations to the study of chronic medical conditions associated with early life exposures to environmental contaminants. Molecular evidence is discussed in this review within the framework of human molecular medicine. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 48:395–399, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A scalar damage measure for seismic reliability analysis of RC frames
Authors: Jalayer F. , Franchin P. , Pinto P. E. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractA scalar damage measure (DM) for probabilistic performance assessment of structures can be expressed as the critical demand‐to‐capacity ratio corresponding to the component or mechanism that leads the structure closest to failure at the onset of which, the DM assumes the value of one. This DM can be employed to make probabilistic performance assessments taking into account the uncertainty in the ground motion, in the structural modelling parameters, and also in the model(s) used for determining components capacity. Nonlinear dynamic analysis methods can be used to estimate this DM in two ways: (a) applying a (small‐size) set of un‐scaled ground motion records to the structure and (b) using incremental dynamic analysis. Case (a) is suitable for making performance assessments based on demand and capacity factor design format and case (b) is suitable for estimating directly the probability of failure
using numerical integration. Performance assessments using this DM are described in a case study of a RC frame in which the critical demand‐to‐capacity ratio is determined by taking into account various modes of failure for the limit state of collapse, such as weak storey mechanisms, shear failure in the columns, and ultimate deformations in the columns. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of structural capacity uncertainty on seismic reliability of buildings under narrow‐band motions
Authors: Montiel M. A. , Ruiz S. E. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe influence of parameter uncertainties on the seismic reliability of several structural reinforced concrete buildings is analysed. Drift hazard curves of buildings considering mean values of their material properties and of instantaneous live loads are compared with those considering uncertain values. Influence of uncertainty in the storey drift capacity and, alternatively, in intensity capacity on the structural annual failure rates is evaluated. The structural capacity is estimated by incremental dynamic analysis (IDA). It is shown that for the analysis of structures that ‘soften’ into a peak of their corresponding spectra associated with narrow‐band motions it could be more adequate to use the peak storey drift as a measure of structural capacity, rather than the intensity that causes the failure. The study makes emphasis on the importance of the acceleration spectral shape on the reliability of structures. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Inclusion of P–Δ effect in displacement‐based seismic design of steel moment resisting frames
Authors: Asimakopoulos Aristidis V. , Karabalis Dimitris L. , Beskos Dimitri E. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractA procedure for treating the P–
Δ effect in the direct displacement‐based seismic design of regular steel moment resisting frames with ideal elastoplastic material behaviour is proposed. A simple formula for the yield displacement amplification factor as a function of ductility and the stability coefficient is derived on the basis of the seismic response of an inelastic single degree‐of‐freedom system taking into account the P–
Δ effect. Extensive parametric seismic inelastic analyses of plane moment resisting steel frames result in a simple formula for the dynamic stability coefficient as a function of the number of stories of a frame and the column to beam stiffness ratio. Thus, the P–
Δ effect can be easily taken into account in a direct displacement‐based seismic design through the stability coefficient and the yield displacement amplification factor. A simple design example serves to illustrate the application of the proposed method and demonstrate its merits. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of channel network topology, basin segmentation and rainfall spatial distribution on the geomorphologic instantaneous unit hydrograph transfer function
Authors: Moussa Roger 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe hydrologic properties of the geomorphologic instantaneous unit hydrograph (GIUH) are analysed as a function of the topological properties of the channel network and hillslopes, the hydraulic characteristics of flows (such as celerity and diffusivity), and the spatial distribution of effective rainfall. Applications were conducted on seven basins located in southern France. First, we study the effects of the spatial discretization of the catchment as a function of morphometric properties, such as the number of source points N, the total length of the channel network T and the mainstream length function M of the drained area S. Relationships are established between N(S), T(S) and M(S) and new descriptors are proposed and correlated with the hydrological properties of the GIUH. Results show that a subdivision of the basin into subcatchments determined by only two main nodes of the channel network is sufficient to identify the GIUH. Second, the sensitivity analysis shows that the GIUH is more sensitive to the channel topology and to the spatial distribution of rainfall when correlated with altitude than it is to the hydraulic properties of flow on hillslopes and in the channel. Numerical simulations enable one to compare the travel time on hillslopes and the travel time through the channel network as a function of the parameters of the GIUH, and to define constraints for basin segmentation in spatially distributed hydrological modelling. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modification of the titan surface with photoreactive gelatin to regulate cell attachment
Authors: Heydari Mojgan , Hasuda Hirokazu , Sakuragi Makoto , Yoshida Yasuhiro , Suzuki Kazuomi , Ito Yoshihiro 
Published: June 2007

AbstractTitan (TiO2) was modified with photoreactive gelatin in order to regulate the attachment of cells. Photoreactive gelatin, which was synthesized by the coupling reaction of gelatin with N‐(4‐azidobenzoyloxy) succinimide, was immobilized onto the n‐octadecyltrimethoxysilane (ODS)‐TiO2 or TiO2 surface by ultraviolet irradiation both in the absence and presence of a photo mask. In the absence of a photo mask, the modified titan surface was analyzed by measuring water contact angles and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The result showed that ODS hydrophobilized the titan surface, and that the immobilization of gelatin affected the surface's hydrophilicity. XPS shows that titan was covered with organic material, including ODS and gelatin. With the photo mask in place, micropatterning of the gelatin was performed. This pattern was confirmed by optical microscopy and time‐of‐flight secondary ion‐mass spectroscopy (TOF‐SIMS). Monkey COS‐7 epithelial cells were cultured on the unpattern‐ and pattern‐immobilized plate. A significantly higher degree of cell attachment was found on the photoreactive gelatin‐immobilized regions than on those that were not immobilized. It was concluded that the cellular pattern on titan was regulated by immobilized photoreactive gelatin. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2007
In‐vitro assays of polymer‐coated stents eluting platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor monoclonal antibody
Authors: Yin Tieying , Wang Guixue , Ruan Changgeng , Guzman Randolph , Guidoin Robert 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe monoclonal antibody (mAb) to the platelet glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa receptor has potent antiplatelet and antithrombotic characteristics shown to reduce thrombus‐related major complications after coronary angioplasty. This mAb can be incorporated in drug‐eluting stents capable of releasing single or multiple bioactive agents into the bloodstream and surrounding tissues. Stents eluting the monoclonal mouse anti‐human platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa antibody SZ‐262 were tested for their effectiveness in improving the blood compatibility and the antithrombotic characteristics by immunofluorescence and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The SEM results convincingly demonstrated that the surface of the mAb eluting‐stents was completely free of platelet uptake without any sign of cellular debris or proteinaceous deposits, compared with controls. The deformation index of platelets on the l‐polylactic acid (l‐PLA) coated stents were higher than bare Nitinol intravascular stents, as shown by SEM images. Monoclonal antibody to the platelet GP IIb/IIIa receptor, when eluting from l‐PLA polymer‐coated stents, effectively inhibits platelet aggregation in the stent microenvironment, thus demonstrating a potential capacity of reducing thrombosis, improving blood flow and arterial patency rates, and inhibiting cyclic blood flow variations. These results highlight the possibility of such monoclonal antibody‐eluting stents to reduce or possibly eliminate thrombosis and in‐stent restenosis. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2007
A mouse model to evaluate the interface between skin and a percutaneous device
Authors: Isenhath S. N. , Fukano Y. , Usui M. L. , Underwood R. A. , Irvin C. A. , Marshall A. J. , Hauch K. D. , Ratner B. D. , Fleckman P. , Olerud J. E. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractPercutaneous medical devices are integral in the management and treatment of disease. The space created between the skin and the device becomes a haven for bacterial invasion and biofilm formation and results in infection. We hypothesize that sealing this space via integration of the skin into the device will create a barrier against bacterial invasion. The purpose of this study was to develop an animal model in which the interaction between skin and biomaterials can be evaluated. Porous poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate) [poly(HEMA)] rods were implanted for 7 days in the dorsal skin of C57 BL/6 mice. The porous poly(HEMA) rods were surface‐modified with carbonyldiimidazole (CDI) or CDI plus laminin 5; unmodified rods served as control. Implant sites were sealed with 2‐octyl cyanoacrylate; corn pads and adhesive dressings were tested for stabilization of implants. All rods remained intact for the duration of the study. There was histological evidence of both epidermal and dermal integration into all poly(HEMA) rods regardless of treatment. This in vivo model permits examination of the implant/skin interface and will be useful for future studies designed to facilitate skin cell attachment where percutaneous devices penetrate the skin. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2007