bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multicenter Phase II Trial of Chemoradiation With Oxaliplatin for Rectal Cancer
Authors: Rödel Claus , Liersch Torsten , Hermann Robert Michael , Arnold Dirk , Reese Thomas , Hipp Matthias , Fürst Alois , Schwella Nimrod , Bieker Michael , Hellmich Gunter , Ewald Hermann , Haier Jörg , Lordick Florian , Flentje Michael , Sülberg Heiko , Hohenberger Werner , Sauer Rolf 
Published: December 2006

Purpose To evaluate the activity and safety of preoperative radiotherapy (RT) and concurrent capecitabine and oxaliplatin (XELOX-RT) plus four cycles of adjuvant XELOX in patients with rectal cancer. Patients and Methods One hundred ten patients with T3/T4 or N+ rectal cancer were entered onto the trial in 11 investigator sites and received preoperative RT (50.4 Gy in 28 fractions). Capecitabine was administered concurrently at 1,650 mg/m2 on days 1 to 14 and 22 to 35, and oxaliplatin was administered at 50 mg/m2 on days 1, 8, 22, and 29. Surgery was scheduled 4 to 6 weeks after completion of XELOX-RT. Four cycles of adjuvant XELOX (capecitabine 1,000 mg/m2 bid on days 1 to 14; oxaliplatin 130 mg/m2 on day 1) were administered. The main end points were activity as assessed by the pathologic complete response (pCR) rate and the feasibility of postoperative XELOX chemotherapy. Results After XELOX-RT, 103 of 104 eligible patients underwent surgery; pCR was achieved in 17 patients (16%), one patient had ypT0N1 disease, and 53 patients showed tumor regression of more than 50% of the tumor mass. R0 resections were achieved in 95% of patients, and sphincter preservation was accomplished in 77%. Full-dose preoperative XELOX-RT was administered in 96%. Grade 3 or 4 diarrhea occurred in 12% of patients. Postoperative complication occurred in 43% of patients. Sixty percent of patients received all four cycles of adjuvant XELOX, with sensory neuropathy (18%) and diarrhea (12%) being the main grade 3 or 4 toxicities. Conclusion Preoperative XELOX-RT plus four cycles of adjuvant XELOX is an active and feasible treatment. This regimen is proposed for phase III evaluation comparing standard fluorouracil-based treatment with XELOX- based multimodality treatment.
Outcome After Radiotherapy Alone for Metastatic Spinal Cord Compression in Patients With Oligometastases
Authors: Rades Dirk , Veninga Theo , Stalpers Lukas J.A. , Basic Hiba , Rudat Volker , Karstens Johann H. , Dunst Juergen , Schild Steven E. 
Published: December 2006

Purpose To investigate outcome and prognosis of metastatic spinal cord compression (MSCC) patients with oligometastatic disease treated with radiotherapy alone. Patients and Methods Oligometastatic disease was defined as involvement of three or fewer vertebrae and lack of other bone or visceral metastases. Five hundred twenty-one patients with oligometastatic disease and MSCC were evaluated for functional outcome, ambulatory status, local control of MSCC, and survival. Furthermore, seven potential prognostic factors were investigated. Results Motor function improved in 40% (n = 207), remained stable in 54% (n = 279), and deteriorated in 7% (n = 35) of patients. Fifty-eight (54%) of 107 nonambulatory patients became ambulatory, and 388 (94%) of 414 ambulatory patients remained ambulatory. Improved functional outcome was significantly associated with tumor type and slower development of motor deficits (> 14 days). Local control at 1, 2, and 3 years was 92%, 88%, and 78%, respectively. Improved local control was significantly associated with long-course radiotherapy. Survival at 1, 2, and 3 years was 71%, 58%, and 50%, respectively. Better survival was significantly associated with tumor type, ambulatory status, slower development of motor deficits, and long-course radiotherapy. Patients who developed motor deficits slowly (onset > 14 days before initiating treatment) were further analyzed. In this subgroup, the best results were observed for myeloma/lymphoma and breast cancer patients. No patient had progression of motor deficits. One hundred percent (myeloma/lymphoma) and 99% (breast cancer) of patients were ambulatory after radiotherapy. One-year local control was 100% and 98%, 1-year survival was 94% and 89%. Conclusion Given the limitations of a retrospective review, improved outcome of patients with oligometastatic MSCC was associated with myeloma/lymphoma and breast cancer, slower development of motor deficits, and a more prolonged course of radiation.
High HIV prevalence among patients choosing anonymous and free testing in Belgium, 1990–2002
Authors: Sasse A , Vincent A , Galand M , Ryckmans P , Liesnard C 
Published: December 2006

From 1990 through 2002, 25,250 anonymous and free HIV tests were performed at a testing site, which carried out the majority (85%) of anonymous testing in Belgium. During the same period, approximately 7.3 million confidential tests were registered nationwide. The rate of new HIV infections diagnosed at the anonymous testing site was 11.1/1000 tests; it was significantly higher than the rate observed among confidential tests (relative risk = 7.41; P < 0.0001). New HIV cases diagnosed through anonymous testing include a higher proportion of young adults (42.0% versus 32.5% in confidential testing; P < 0.001) and a higher proportion of men who have sex with men (32.7% vs. 25.9% in confidential testing; P < 0.02). Anonymous and free HIV testing was particularly sought by persons with higher infection risk, and efficiently contributed to HIV diagnosis in this population. Anonymous and free testing should be and remain an accessible alternative integrated in HIV testing policies.
Grassroots activities, national initiatives and HIV prevention: clues to explain Australia's dramatic early success in controlling the HIV epidemic
Authors: Plummer D , Irwin L 
Published: December 2006

During the mid-1980s Australia experienced a remarkable decline in HIV incidence that can rightly be considered a public health milestone of global importance. The effects of this decline lasted for about 20 years and greatly benefited all Australians. In contrast, as we enter the mid-2000s, we see the global epidemic continues to intensify, HIV vaccines remain a distant possibility, and Australia is experiencing rising HIV incidence again. Clearly, better understanding of HIV prevention has important implications both for Australia and the world. Therefore, we believe, it is timely to revisit Australian experiences of the mid-1980s in order to understand those early events better. To gauge the influence (if any) of government strategies, funding levels and other events during a period of dramatic decline in HIV transmission, incidence figures are mapped against Federal HIV/AIDS funding patterns and the occurrence of key national interventions and events. The analysis reveals that the greatest decline in HIV preceded almost all substantive initiatives undertaken at the national level, which are often held responsible for Australia's successful early containment of HIV. In particular, dramatic declines were already well advanced and/or preceded (i) substantive growth in national HIV/AIDS prevention education funding, (ii) publication of the first National AIDS Strategy, (iii) establishment of key national HIV/AIDS bodies and (iv) promulgation of the 'Ottawa Charter'. Explanations for, and lessons learned from Australia's dramatic early declines in HIV incidence are discussed.
Factors influencing women's views on the acceptability and experience of being opportunistically screened for Chlamydia trachomatis in hospital settings
Authors: McMillan L E J , Norman J E , Murray K , Reid M E 
Published: December 2006

A subsample of 681 women participating in a two-centred, three-setting larger (2817) prevalence study were approached and, with consent, administered a questionnaire by post or in person. The questionnaire asked about their views of opportunistic screening for Chlamydia trachomatis (CT). The study response rate was 71%. In all, 94% women reported screening should be offered and most, on a regular basis. About 91% thought men should be screened but only 47% thought they would attend. Most (89%) knew the term 'chlamydia' but fewer, (63%) knew they could catch CT more than once. This is one of the very few UK studies which has explored women's views towards the acceptability of CT screening. Results suggest the majority of women report that screening for the condition is acceptable but not all have in-depth knowledge of CT. If a screening programme is to be established more education regarding the condition is required.
Holding On and Letting Go: The Perspectives of Pre-seniors and Seniors on Driving Self-Regulation in Later Life
Authors: Rudman Deborah Laliberte , Friedland Judith , Chipman Mary , Sciortino Paola 
Published: January 2007

ABSTRACTAlthough decisions related to driving are vital to well-being in later life, little is known about how aging drivers who do not experience a medical condition that requires driving cessation regulate their driving. This exploratory, qualitative study used focus groups with 79 such community-dwelling individuals to examine driving self-regulation from the perspective of pre-senior (aged 55–64) drivers, senior (aged 65 years or over) drivers, and senior ex-drivers. Themes resulting from inductive analysis addressed the importance of driving, mechanisms of self-monitoring and self-regulation, people who influenced decision making, and opinions regarding licensing regulations. A preliminary model of the process of self-regulation that highlights intrapersonal, interpersonal, and environmental influences on why, how, and when aging drivers adapt or cease driving is presented. The model identifies areas for future research to enhance understanding of this process, including the effectiveness of self-regulation. Findings suggest that increased public awareness of issues related to driving and aging could assist aging drivers, their families, and their family physicians in optimizing driving safety for this population. Since a near accident or accident was seen as the only factor that would lead many informants to stop driving and few informants planned for driving cessation, there is a need for interventions that help aging drivers make the transition to ex-driver in a timely and personally acceptable way.
Older Women and Sexuality: Experiences in Marital Relationships across the Life Course
Authors: Clarke Laura Hurd 
Published: January 2007

ABSTRACTRates of sexual activity have been found to decline over the life course, as individuals experience marital transitions and the loss of partners, health problems, and decreased sexual interest. This article compares and contrasts earlier- and later-life sexual experiences and examines the changing meanings that older women ascribe to sexuality over the life course. Qualitative data from a study involving 24 women aged 52 to 90 who were remarried after age 50 illuminate a shift, as individuals age, from an emphasis on the importance of sexual intercourse and passion to a greater valuing of companionship, cuddling, affection, and intimacy. Situating the discussion in the context of changing cultural norms and sexual scripts, the article investigates the impact of health conditions on the women's sexual relationships as well as the women's tendency to have later-life sexual experiences more positive than were their earlier sexual experiences.
Family structure transitions and adolescent well-being
Authors: Brown Susan L. 
Published: January 2007

Abstract
Using data from Waves 1 and 2 of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, I extend prior research on family transitions and adolescent well-being by examining the influence of parental marital and cohabitation transitions on adolescent delinquency, depression, and school engagement. Adolescents who experienced a family transition reported decreased well-being, on average, relative to those in stable, two-biological-parent families. Specific comparisons of various types of family stability and change revealed that cohabitation is often associated with poorer outcomes. Moving out of a cohabiting stepfamily into a single-mother family was not harmful and was actually associated with improvements in school engagement. Moving into a cohabiting stepfamily from a single-mother family decreased adolescent well-being, and this impact was greater than that experienced by those who moved into a married stepfamily. Stable cohabiting stepfamilies were associated with lower levels of well-being than stable married stepfamilies. Formalization of a cohabiting stepfamily through marriage did not translate into any appreciable benefits for adolescent well-being.
Cleaning up their act: The effects of marriage and cohabitation on licit and illicit drug use
Authors: Duncan Greg J. , Wilkerson Bessie , England Paula 
Published: January 2007

AbstractWe use data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth to estimate changes in binge drinking, marijuana use, and cigarette smoking surrounding young adults’ first experiences of cohabitation and marriage. Both marriage and cohabitation are accompanied by decreases in some risk behaviors, but reductions surrounding marriage are larger and most consistent, particularly for men. Binge drinking and marijuana use respond to these events, especially marriage, but smoking does not.
Education and black-white interracial marriage
Authors: Gullickson Aaron 
Published: January 2007

Abstract
This article examines competing theoretical claims regarding how an individual’s education will affect his or her likelihood of interracial marriage. I demonstrate that prior models of interracial marriage have failed to adequately distinguish the joint and marginal effects of education on interracial marriage and present a model capable of distinguishing these effects. I test this model on black-white interracial marriages using 1980, 1990, and 2000 U.S. census data. The results reveal partial support for status exchange theory within black male-white female unions and strong isolation of lower-class blacks from the interracial marriage market. Structural assimilation theory is not supported because the educational attainment of whites is not related in any consistent fashion to the likelihood of interracial marriage. The strong isolation of lower-class blacks from the interracial marriage market has gone unnoticed in prior research because of the failure of prior methods to distinguish joint and marginal effects.
Entre science et politique. La conjonction du positivisme et du décisionnisme dans la sociologie du droit de Max Weber
Authors: Vandenberghe Frédéric 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThis article uncovers and investigates the vision of the world behind Max Weber's sociology of law. Taking a stand against Weber's epistemological nominalism, ethical relativism and political decisionism, the author critically analyses Weber's vision of science as a vocation and shows that his defense of axiological neutrality is not axiologically neutral. It represents rather a particular position within ethics, which affects his account of the disenchantment of the world, his vision of the rationalization of law and his decisionistic appeal for a strong political leader.
Some Conditions for Culturally Diverse Deliberation
Authors: Mohr Richard 
Published: January 2007

RésuméCet article analyse les façons dont le raisonnement s'attache aux contextes culturels et pondère les fondements de la prise de décision dans une sorte de terrain commun ou dans une reconnaissance de la diversité. Il considère la critique féministe de l'éthique du discours selon Habermas et les efforts de Benhabib de réviser cette approche pour répondre à la diversité culturelle. Alors que la bonne volonté et de bonnes procédures peuvent certes créer les conditions de lacommunicationtransculturelle, le défi est autre de créer les conditions pour arriver à desdécisionsconsensuelles ou qui lient les parties. L'auteur rejette la possibilité de standards universels de décisions raisonnées sur trois points. Les raisons conformes aux standards d'un public multiculturel ne peuvent s'appuyer sur une mesure unique. Le raisonnement ne peut être détaché, de manière cartésienne, de l'être incorporé qui raisonne. L'acte de raisonner n'est pas un exercice mental privé et privilégié qui se conforme à un ensemble unique de règles. S'appuyant particulièrement sur les traditions de la rhétorique, d'Aristote à Perelman, l'article conclut que les raisons doivent s'adresser à diverses audiences, que la spécificité affective et corporelle de ceux qui délibèrent est d'une importance cruciale (il importequisont les juges) et que nous devons tous poursuivre notre «éducation morale» en dialoguant avec divers groupes et manières de penser.
Certificates of Possession and First Nations Housing : A Case Study of the Six Nations Housing Program
Authors: Alcantara Christopher 
Published: January 2007

RésuméUn des malentendus persistant au sujet des réserves autochtones canadiennes est que le territoire soit la propriété collective de la bande. En réalité, les membres des bandes autochtones peuvent individuellement avoir accès à quatre types de régimes de propriété privée. Cet article porte sur l'un de ces types, le Certificat de propriété (CP), pour déterminer les conséquences et les avantages des CP sur le développement économique des réserves autochtones au Canada. Nous examinerons comment des membres de la bande des Six Nations ont pu utiliser les CP pour contourner les restrictions de saisie inscrites dans la Loi sur les Indiens pour obtenir une hypothèque, construire et devenir propriétaire de leur propre maison. Cette analyse de cas démontre comment les CP, de concert avec une aide financière provenant de la bande et/ou du gouvernement, peuvent fournir une solution pratique aux problèmes de logement auxquels plusieurs réserves au Canada sont confrontés.
Office Politics (Again)!
Authors: Macdonald Roderick A. , Widell Jonathan 
Published: January 2007

RésuméCet article explore les dimensions variées du bureau (office) professoral comme espace ‘juridique’. Dans l'une de ses dimensions, l'office d'un professeur n'est qu'un endroit géométrique générique, sans objectif ou occupant, une potentialité formelle. Or, c'est également un site dans la mesure que sa localisation, taille et organisation reflètent une fonctionnalité—des valeurs, processus et institutions décisionnelles qui déterminent son occupation. En plus, l'office exprime un rôle et une scène sur laquelle les occupants interagissent avec des collègues, des étudiants, des étrangers de manière à confirmer ou infirmer des relations de pouvoir et de subordination. L'office professoral a aussi une dimension performative dans laquelle la normativité d'une communauté—de professeurs, employés et étudiants—est imaginée et agie. Par ailleurs, dans une autre dimension, il s'agit d'un espace rituel où des professeurs travaillent, se détendent, réfléchissent et contemplent réflexivement des modèles et formes de pensées. Un tel office existe où que ses occupants choisissent de le tenir. Finalement, l'office est un non-lieu de découverte personnelle—l'indication d'un espace qui n'est que dans les relations qu'il crée et qui le créent.
Gender differences in aggressive behavior at admission to a psychiatric hospital
Authors: Grube Michael 
Published: December 2006

AbstractAs aggressive behavior has a negative impact in general psychiatry, its influence specifically from a gender‐related point of view in an in‐patient population of a psychiatric clinic was assessed at the time of admission. A group of 521 successively admitted psychiatric in‐patients was investigated at admission with the help of the “Social Dysfunction and Aggression Scale”. A slightly higher frequency and intensity of “verbal aggressive behavior” was observed in males. Within the other categories of aggressive behavior (“tension”, “physical violence to things”, and “assaults”), however, the percentages and intensities of gender‐related aggressive behavior did not differ significantly. Furthermore, under the covarying impact of various psychiatric diagnoses, the gender‐related differences concerning the intensity of “verbal aggressive behavior” disappeared. When comparing male and female subgroups, it was notable that male schizophrenic patients were younger than female patients when displaying comparable risks of showing at least one kind of aggressive behavior. In addition, in the female subgroup, “self‐injurious behavior” was more strongly correlated to the category “tension” than in the male subgroup. Although there are some methodological shortcomings, the present results show that there are small qualitative differences in gender‐related aggressive behavior in addition to minimal quantitative differences in the frequency and intensity of “verbal aggressive behavior” at admission. Aggr. Behav. 33:1–7, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Predicting sexual aggression: the role of pornography in the context of general and specific risk factors
Authors: Vega Vanessa , Malamuth Neil M. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe main focus of the present study was to examine the unique contribution (if any) of pornography consumption to men's sexually aggressive behavior. Even after controlling for the contributions of risk factors associated with general antisocial behavior and those used in Confluence Model research as specific predictors of sexual aggression, we found that high pornography consumption added significantly to the prediction of sexual aggression. Further analyses revealed that the predictive utility of pornography was due to its discriminative ability only among men classified (based on their other risk characteristics) at relatively high risk for sexual aggression. Other analyses indicated that the specific risk factors accounted for more variance in sexual aggression than the general risk factors and mediated the association between the general risk factors and sexual aggression. We illustrate the potential application of the findings for risk assessment using a classification tree. Aggr. Behav. 33:1–14, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss; Inc.
Anxiety sensitivity and retaliatory aggressive behavior in research volunteers
Authors: Broman‐Fulks Joshua J. , McCloskey Michael S. , Berman Mitchell E. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractAn important focus of recent aggression research has been to identify personality variables that influence the expression of aggression. One such variable may be anxiety sensitivity (AS). Individuals high in AS fear unpleasant anxiety‐related physiological sensations and perhaps physiological arousal in general. Accordingly, people high in AS are motivated to avoid situations that produce these sensations. With respect to aggressive encounters, an intense attack by an opponent involves significant physiological arousal. High anxiety‐sensitive individuals may therefore attempt to decrease the intensity of the interaction by responding in a non‐aggressive or conciliatory manner. To test this possibility, 112 community volunteers completed a measure of AS and a well‐validated laboratory task designed to assess aggressive behavior. As predicted, an inverse relation between AS and extreme aggressive responding was found. Specifically, as AS increases, retaliatory aggression is less likely after intense attack by an opponent. Aggr. Behav. 33:1–8, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss; Inc.