bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New Automated Multiplex Assay for Bone Turnover Markers in Osteoporosis
Authors: Claudon Aurélie , Vergnaud Philippe , Valverde Cécile , Mayr Anita , Klause Ursula , Garnero Patrick 
Published: August 2008

Abstract
Background: Serum C-terminal cross-linked telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX-I), N-terminal propeptide of type I collagen (PINP), and osteocalcin (OC) are among the most sensitive bone turnover markers for evaluating osteoporosis. Each marker is currently measured individually by manual or automated immunoassays that are time consuming and require substantial sample volume. We evaluated the performance characteristics of a novel, fully automated, protein-array chip system that allows the simultaneous measurement of CTX-I, PINP, OC, and intact parathyroid hormone (PTH) in 20 μL of serum.
Methods: We measured CTX-I, PINP, OC, and PTH using multiplex and corresponding automated single assays in 157 healthy premenopausal women, 74 healthy men, and 56 postmenopausal osteoporotic women before and 6 months after treatment with oral ibandronate (150 mg/month).
Results: Within- and between-run CVs of the multiplex assay were similar to those of single measurement assays (&lt;10% for all markers), whereas the limit of quantification was lower, except for OC. Multiplex values highly correlated (r &gt; 0.93, P &lt; 0.0001 for all markers) with the corresponding single assays, and measured concentrations were comparable. After 6 months of ibandronate, CTX-I, PINP, and OC decreased by a median of 48%, 63%, and 52%, respectively (P &lt; 0.0001 for all 3 markers), magnitudes similar to those of the corresponding single assays.
Conclusions: The automated protein-array chip demonstrated similar analytical precision, improved analytical sensitivity, and comparable measured concentrations to those of single assays. The multiplex assay should be useful for assessing bone metabolism in large clinical studies, particularly when sample volume is limited.
Key Issues in the Developing Synergism between Cardiovascular Imaging and Biomarkers
Authors: Jaffe Allan S 
Published: August 2008

Abstract
Background: Sophisticated methods of cardiac imaging have the potential to revolutionize the care of patients with cardiovascular disease. The benefits of these state-of-the art imaging techniques can be enhanced by their use in combination with new cardiac biomarkers. This review addresses potentially useful interactions between imaging and biomarkers.
Content: Areas were defined in which the combined use of novel imaging techniques and biomarkers would be most beneficial. This review addresses multiple cardiovascular conditions for which the useful aspects of imaging and biomarkers are likely to be positively synergistic, including acute and chronic ischemic heart disease, heart failure, myocarditis, hypertension, and atherosclerosis.
Conclusions: The synergistic use of imaging techniques and biomarkers will enhance the investigation of many key issues and questions and will be an important resource in the future.
Clinical Evaluation of Bionime Rightest GM310 Biosensors with a Simplified Electrode Fabrication for Alternative-Site Blood Glucose Tests
Authors: Wu Ming-Hsun , Fang Mei-Yen , Jen Lin-Ni , Hsiao Hung-Chan , Müller Andreas , Hsu Cheng-Teng 
Published: August 2008

AbstractBackground: Most processes for fabricating biosensors applied to screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCEs) are complex. This study presents a novel one-step process for manufacturing electrodes for injection-molding biosensors.Methods: During the sensor-fabrication process, barrel-plated gold electrodes were inserted into an injection-molded base. The electrode directly touched the electrical contact of a meter. We analyzed technical measurements for this biosensor, including tests of the measurement range, within-run imprecision, and between-meter imprecision. In clinical trials, experienced technicians tested 3 alternative sites (fingertip, palm, and arm). The results were simultaneously compared with plasma values obtained with the hexokinase method on the Olympus AU640 instrument. Analytical results were evaluated according to International Standards Organization 15197 (ISO 15197:2003) criteria and by Clarke error grid analysis (EGA), and CVs were calculated to evaluate within-run imprecision.Results: The glucose measurement range was 0.6– 33.3 mmol/L (y = 0.96x + 0.07 mmol/L; r2 = 0.9977). The CVs in the within-run imprecision test were 1.7%–3.5%, and the overall CV was 2.1%, indicating good reproducibility of results. The Student t-tests of mean values from 5 meters revealed statistically insignificant differences (P &gt; 0.05). In clinical trials, the agreement of the Rightest GM310 meter results with those of a laboratory method complied with ISO 15197:2003 criteria. In the EGA, 100% of the values were within the acceptable zones (A + B), and the proportion of values within zone A exceeded 95%.Conclusions: The Bionime Rightest GM310 meter applied a simplified process for biosensor fabrication and displayed acceptable performance for monitoring glucose concentrations at alternative test sites.
From Suspicion of Physical Child Abuse to Reporting: Primary Care Clinician Decision-Making
Authors: Flaherty Emalee G. , Sege Robert D. , Griffith John , Price Lori Lyn , Wasserman Richard , Slora Eric , Dhepyasuwan Niramol , Harris Donna , Norton David , Angelilli Mary Lu , Abney Dianna , Binns Helen J. 
Published: August 2008

OBJECTIVES. The goals were to determine how frequently primary care clinicians reported suspected physical child abuse, the levels of suspicion associated with reporting, and what factors influenced reporting to child protective services.
METHODS. In this prospective observational study, 434 clinicians collected data on 15003 child injury visits, including information about the injury, child, family, likelihood that the injury was caused by child abuse (5-point scale), and whether the injury was reported to child protective services. Data on 327 clinicians indicating some suspicion of child abuse for 1683 injuries were analyzed.
RESULTS. Clinicians reported 95 (6%) of the 1683 patients to child protective services. Clinicians did not report 27% of injuries considered likely or very likely caused by child abuse and 76% of injuries considered possibly caused by child abuse. Reporting rates were increased if the clinician perceived the injury to be inconsistent with the history and if the patient was referred to the clinician for suspected child abuse. Patients who had an injury that was not a laceration, who had &gt;1 family risk factor, who had a serious injury, who had a child risk factor other than an inconsistent injury, who were black, or who were unfamiliar to the clinician were more likely to be reported. Clinicians who had not reported all suspicious injuries during their career or who had lost families as patients because of previous reports were more likely to report suspicious injuries.
CONCLUSIONS. Clinicians had some degree of suspicion that ∼10% of the injuries they evaluated were caused by child abuse. Clinicians did not report all suspicious injuries to child protective services, even if the level of suspicion was high (likely or very likely caused by child abuse). Child, family, and injury characteristics and clinician previous experiences influenced decisions to report.
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Produced in Nasal Glands of Perennial Allergic Rhinitis
Authors: Matsune Shoji , Ohori Junichiro , Sun Dong , Yoshifuku Kosuke , Fukuiwa Tatsuya , Kurono Yuichi 
Published: August 2008

Background Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a pleiotropic polypeptide that mediates endothelial cell-specific responses such as induction of angiogenesis and vascular leakage, is hyperproduced in a variety of inflammatory disorders. In asthma, VEGF hyperproduction promotes mucosal edema by enhancing vascular leakage. However, in allergic rhinitis, details of the pathophysiological importance remain unclear. This study was designed to investigate and discuss the pathophysiological significance of VEGF in nasal secretions from perennial allergic rhinitis sufferers. Methods Seven allergic rhinitis patients sensitized with house-dust mites and 12 chronic rhinosinusitis patients were enrolled. Nasal secretion VEGF was quantified and compared between groups. In allergic rhinitis cases, nasal lavage VEGF was estimated before and after the antigen provocation. Nasal gland VEGF was immunohistochemically investigated. VEGF messenger RNA (mRNA) levels in serous and mucous acini were analyzed by laser microdissection and light cycler-polymerase chain reaction. Results VEGF levels in nasal secretions and nasal lavage from allergic rhinitis were higher than in nonallergic rhinosinusitis, after rather than before antigen provocation. VEGF mRNA expression was higher in serous versus mucous acini. These results are consistent with the immunohistochemistry results. Conclusion In allergic rhinitis, there was significant VEGF production in serous acini, which was hypersecreted after antigen provocation. VEGF may play an important role in pathophysiology of allergic rhinitis.
Differential Deposition of Aerosols in the Maxillary Sinus of Human Cadavers by Particle Size
Authors: Hilton Christopher , Wiedmann Timothy , Martin Michele St. , Humphrey Bradley , Schleiffarth Rob , Rimell Frank 
Published: August 2008

Background Topical delivery of nebulized antibiotics to the paranasal sinuses has been shown to improve clinical outcomes in patients with chronic sinus disease after functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS). The most efficient method for delivering nebulized particles to the sinuses, however, has not been established. This study investigates how the size of nebulized particles influences the efficiency of deposition in the maxillary sinus of human cadavers after FESS. Methods Endoscopic maxillary antrostomy was performed on eight sides in four cadavers. Each cadaver's nasal vault was nebulized with technetium99m-labeled sulfur colloid particles of three size ranges. Anterior-posterior and left lateral static gamma-camera images of the head were captured with an acquisition cutoff limit of 30,000 gamma-count. Regions of interest were defined for the left and right maxillary sinus and gamma-photon counts were recorded. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) for repeated measures and paired t-test were used to determine statistical significance. Results Mean diameter of particles generated was 6, 0.99, and 0.67 μm. There was a statistically significant difference in deposition between the largest particle size and the two smaller sizes, with a mean gamma-photon count of 254 for 6-μm particles versus 811 for 0.99-μm particles and 835 for 0.67-μm particles (ANOVA, p = 0.002). Conclusion Particles in the 0.67- to 0.99-μm range had improved efficiency of deposition in the maxillary sinus compared with larger particles after maxillary antrostomy. Larger particles appeared to deposit directly in the nasal vault while smaller particles were more likely to reach the maxillary sinus.
Are Bulb Syringe Irrigators a Potential Source of Bacterial Contamination in Chronic Rhinosinusitis?
Authors: Williams Glenn B. , Ross Linda L. , Chandra Rakesh K. 
Published: August 2008

Background The purpose of this study was to determine if bulb syringe irrigators are a potential source for bacterial contamination in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis. Methods Standard 3-oz bulb syringe irrigators (n = 24) were each flushed with the following solutions twice daily: A (n = 8), sterile isotonic saline; B (n = 8), prepared hypertonic saline (3 tsp table salt/L of sterile water); and C (n = 8), prepared baking soda/saline (1 tsp table salt + 1 tsp baking soda/L of commercial sterile water). Syringes were stored on a residential bathroom counter, and two from each group were harvested for culture weekly for 4 weeks. Results There was no growth from syringes irrigated with any of the three solutions after the first 7 days of irrigation. After the entire 4-week study period, potential pathogens were recovered from 6/8 (75%) bulbs from group A, 0/8 bulbs from group B, and 1/8 bulbs (12.5%) from group C. All positive cultures revealed growth by 1–2 days postinoculation (p = 0.002). The organism recovered from syringes in group A was Pseudomonas fluorescens in all six specimens. The one positive culture in group C represented a single colony of Gram-positive cocci. Conclusion Under realistic conditions, bulb syringes are susceptible to contamination with potential bacterial pathogens, particularly when using unbuffered isotonic saline.
Acoustic Rhinometry in Children: Some Practical Aspects and Influence of Age and Body Surface Area on Results
Authors: Haavisto Lotta E. , Sipila Jukka I. 
Published: August 2008

Background Since acoustic rhinometry was described there has been a lack of normal values for minimal cross-sectional area (MCA), especially for children. There has also been debate about factors influencing normal values. The purpose of this study was to find the normal values for children in a Finnish population and whether there is any correlation between age or body surface area (BSA) and MCA. Methods We measured 74 children (age, 1–12 years) with an acoustic rhinometer. The values of MCA were compared with age and BSA determined from height and weight. Results The mean of unilateral MCA was 0.225 cm2 (SD, 0.041). We found positive correlation between unilateral volume on the left side and age and between MCA from the right side and age or BSA as a constant predictor. As much as 28.4% of the measurements had to be rejected because of acoustic leakage between nostril and nosepiece. Only 6.8% had to be rejected because of a lack of cooperation. Conclusion It is possible to find normal values for children. Acoustic rhinometry is well tolerated among children. The method is rapid, reliable and noninvasive, and minimal cooperation is required. The measurements must be performed in a standard way, and some important causes of errors must be kept in mind.
The War against Terror as War against the Constitution
Authors: Niday Jackson A. 
Published: August 2008

Abstract: This essay examines rhetorical dynamics in the 2004 US Supreme Court case Hamdi v. Rumsfeld. News reports suggested the court split 8-1 or 6-3. However, case texts show substantive disagreements created a 4-2-2-1 split in the court. Moreover, while the justices on the bench split into four camps rather than two, those camps were not defined along ideological lines. This essay argues that pragmatism, the legal philosophy that held sway in the case, achieved practical expediency at the expense of judicial and constitutional coherency. In the end, the court found a majority through neither persuasion nor principled conviction but, rather, through reluctant compromise in order to achieve a partial resolution rather than none. In other words, argumentation failed and consensus followed from necessity rather than persuasion. The essay explores the question of whether constitutionally guaranteed civil liberties were violated in the ruling.
Murder/Media/Modernity
Authors: Seltzer Mark 
Published: August 2008

Abstract:This article has been drawn from a larger study by the author, True Crime: Observations on Violence and Modernity. Here the focus is on a minor genre—true crime—thatat the same time is a scale model of modern society. True crime is crime fact that reads like, or looks like, crime fiction. It is one of the popular genres of our pathological public sphere and an integral part of our contemporary “wound culture.” True crime maps that vague and shifting region between real and fictional reality where mass belief resides. Thus, the known world of true crime—the world as the scene of the crime—is bound up through and through with the reality of the mass media. Via instances of true crime (from the work of Haruki Murakami to the forensic work of CSI) and via instances of its fictional codependent, the crime novel, this account traces the media a priori of modern society and “the crime system” that binds modern violence and the modern media today.
“Liberty or Death”: Violence and the Rhetoric of Revolution in the American Militia Movement
Authors: Mulloy D.J. 
Published: August 2008

Abstract:This article examines the role of violent, revolutionary-style rhetoric within the ideology of the American militia movement. It argues that the willingness of militia members to embrace a language of violence is based, in part, on their understanding of mainstream American patriotism, and that it is therefore problematic to simply dismiss it as the work of “typical extremists.” The article also compares the militias’ use of violent rhetoric to that employed by black radicals such as Malcolm X and the Black Panthers during the 1960s, and places both within the context of recurrent debates about the limits of free speech within American society. It argues that the use of violent language should not always be read literally—as a direct incitement to commit violent acts—but that in some circumstances it might be better understood as one of the few strategies available to those who regard themselves as politically powerless to capture public attention, dramatize an issue, and build a new political movement.
Leo Strauss and Resourceful Odysseus: Rhetorical Violence and the Holy Middle
Authors: Brittain Christopher Craig 
Published: August 2008

Abstract:In the context of the heated rhetoric surrounding the legacy of political philosopher Leo Strauss's thought in the United States, this essay illustrates that the roots of the polemic are found within Strauss's approach to political philosophy, particularly as it is grounded in his critical interpretation of modernity and his distinction between esoteric and exoteric writing. This essay is an examination of how Strauss's anxiety regarding the potential violence of “truth,” combined with his reaction against the limits of modernity and his celebration of a purer form of “classical” philosophy, contributes to the development of what Gillian Rose calls a “holy middle.” As such, the rhetoric of Strauss's critique of modern liberalism risks being overwhelmed by the ferocity of its own polemic. In the midst of the contemporary polarized “culture wars” in the United States, it is not surprising that the tone of Strauss's polemical attack against liberalism often usurps the issues his ideas intended to resolve.
Shooting the Movement: Black Panther Party Photography and African American Protest Traditions
Authors: Phu T.N. 
Published: August 2008

Abstract: Although the failure of the Black Panther Party has often been attributed to the violence which consumed it, the photographic record suggests otherwise. This paper argues that the movement in fact developed a striking and self-aware protest aesthetic. Moreover, this still influential self-referential visuality emphasized the spectacular forms of defiance, contributing, in doing so, to African American traditions of protest conventionally rooted in the oral tradition. A focus on Black Panther Party photography helps account for how the rhetorical violence which focused the BPP's protest aesthetic became complexly indistinguishable from violent realization.
Another Report on the Age of Extinction
Authors: O’Brian John 
Published: August 2008

Abstract: This essay brings together the uneasy histories of the Scioto Culture and its monuments, the passenger pigeon and its extermination, and nuclear fuel and its waste, all within the eccentric spaces of the Barnes Home in Piketon, Ohio. The rooms in the house have been arranged to tell a narrative, or rather to tell a succession of narratives that weave in and out of historical time and in and out of one another. The narratives add up. Their central themes are extinction and genocide.
“Wonderfully Cruel Proceedings”: The Murderous Case of James Yates
Authors: Hughes Rowland 
Published: August 2008

Abstract:In 1781, James Yates, a farmer in upstate New York, brutally murdered his family while suffering from a “religious delusion.” Fifteen years later, in 1796, The New York Weekly Magazine published an anonymously authored account of this episode, which in turn inspired Charles Brockden Brown's novel Wieland. Previously unexamined newspaper reports of the original massacre uniformly link Yates's violence to his religious identity as a Shaker. Shakerism's emphasis on gender equality and rejection of patriarchal familial structures prefigured, in many ways, the republican ideological investment in women (particularly mothers) as repositories of virtue; thus, Yates's crime can be understood as an early manifestation of a broader “crisis of masculinity” in the period. The 1796 account makes no mention of Yates's Shakerism, but nevertheless participates in discourses of gender and nationhood; it memorializes the female victims, containing Yates's “treasonous” violence against the family within an orderly narrative that privileges female heroism.
Branding the Body American: Violence and Self-fashioning from The Scarlet Letter to American Psycho
Authors: Söderlind Sylvia 
Published: August 2008

Abstract: This paper argues that The Scarlet Letter and American Psycho occupy particular historical moments in the same national allegory of American self-fashioning. Critical readings tend so see Hawthorne's self as particularly American while overlooking the “American” in Ellis's title. By reading labels, logos, and signs, I show that the self-fashioning depicted in American Psycho is explicitly tied to an idea of nation based on typological exclusionary practices. But, whereas Hawthorne's “A”—for “American”—has the power to transform both its wearer and its interpreters, thus transforming a typological label into an individualized expression of character, the empty logos and designer labels that pervade American Psycho inhibit any such transformation and turn interiority into pathology. Where Hawthorne was the “allegorist of the heart” of the nation, Ellis is the allegorist of the place where that heart used to be.
Lynndie England, Abu Ghraib, and the New Imperialism
Authors: Tucker Bruce , Triantafyllos Sia 
Published: August 2008

Abstract: This is an examination of the official reaction by the Bush administration to the torture and abuse of prisoners at Abu Ghraib and the coverage of the story by mainstream American media. By doing so, the authors seek to explain the emergence of what in retrospect became a metanarrative about Abu Ghraib that limited debate and public understanding to a narrow range of questions about individual moral culpability. Attention will be given to how the story was framed, in both its emphases and silences, and particularly to how it came to be remembered. In the case of Abu Ghraib, the spectacle of the same set of photographs shown repeatedly kept the focus on individual perpetrators and the morality of their behaviour, creating a narrative limited to the actions of a few individuals. This metanarrative allowed Americans to exempt themselves from confronting race and the racialized violence that structures both the discourse and the practice of the so called “war on terror.”