bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of mineral trioxide aggregate on phagocytic activity and production of reactive oxygen, nitrogen species and arginase activity by M1 and M2 macrophages
Authors: Rezende T. M. B. , Vieira L. Q. , Cardoso F. P. , Oliveira R. R. , De Oliveira Mendes S. T. , Jorge M. L. R. , Ribeiro Sobrinho A. P. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractAim  To assess the influence of co‐culture with mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) on phagocytosis and the production of reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI) and nitrogen (NO) species and the arginase activity by M1 and M2 peritoneal macrophages.Methodology  Cellular viability, adherence and phagocytosis of Saccharomyces boulardii were assayed in the presence of MTA. Macrophages were stimulated with zymosan for ROI assays and with Fusobacterium nucleatum and Peptostreptococcus anaerobius and IFN‐γ for NO production and arginase activity, when in contact with capillaries containing MTA. Data were analysed by T, anova, Kruskall–Wallis and Mann–Whitney tests.Results  M2 macrophages displayed greater cellular viability in polypropylene tubes, greater ability to ingest yeast and smaller production of ROI and higher arginase activity when compared with M1 macrophages. Both macrophages, M1 and M2, presented similar cell adherence and NO production. The addition of bacterial preparations to macrophages interfered with NO and arginase productions. MTA did not interfere with any of the parameters measured.Conclusions  Phagocytosis and the ability of the two macrophage subtypes to eliminate microbes were not affected by MTA.
The use of white Portland cement as an apical plug in a tooth with a necrotic pulp and wide‐open apex: a case report
Authors: De‐Deus G. , Coutinho‐Filho T. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractAim  To present a case in which substantial periapical healing occurred with the use of white Portland cement (WPC) to create an apical plug in the root of an immature tooth.Summary  Radiographic examination indicated an immature tooth (35) with a wide‐open apex and a periapical radiolucency. The canal was mechanically cleaned using intracanal instruments and 5% NaOCl irrigation. Small pieces of resorbable collagen sponge were packed beyond the root apex with the aim of creating a periapical barrier for the compaction of filling material. WPC powder was then mixed with sterile water and delivered to the apical portion of the canal (approximately 3 mm). The patient was asked to return 1 week later for the continuation of treatment but he did return as planned. Seven months after the intervention the patient returned and another radiograph was exposed to reveal complete radiographic healing of the periapical region. The remainder of the canal was filled with thermoplastic gutta‐percha. Clinical follow‐up 1 year later revealed adequate clinical function, absence of clinical symptoms and no signs of periapical rarefaction.Key learning point

The positive clinical resolution of this case is encouraging for the use of WPC as an apical plug in immature teeth with necrotic pulps and wide‐open apices.
Persistent genetic signatures of colonization in Brachionus manjavacas rotifers in the Iberian Peninsula
Authors: GÓMEZ AFRICA , MONTERO‐PAU JAVIER , LUNT DAVID H. , SERRA MANUEL , CAMPILLO SERGI 
Published: July 2007

AbstractRecent phylogeographical assessments have consistently shown that continental zooplankton display high levels of population subdivision, despite the high dispersal capacity of their diapausing propagules. As such, there is an apparent paradox between observed cosmopolitanism in the zooplankton that is associated with long‐distance dispersal, and strong phylogeographical structures at a regional scale. Such population dynamics, far from migration–drift equilibrium, have been shown in the rotifer species complex Brachionus plicatilis, a group of over a dozen species inhabiting salt lakes and coastal lagoons worldwide. Here we present the mitochondrial DNA phylogeography of one of these species, Brachionus manjavacas, in the Iberian Peninsula, where it often co‐occurs with the morphologically similar species B. plicatilis sensu stricto. We obtained sequences from 233 individuals from diapausing eggs and clonal cultures from 16 lakes in the Iberian Peninsula, and a Tunisian lake. Two strongly supported deep mitochondrial DNA clades were found (A and B). Phylogenetic and nested clade analysis showed that clade A has a strong phylogeographical structure, with a strong similarity of phylogeographical patterns between B. manjavacas clade A and B. plicatilis s.s. These include (i) signatures of allopatric fragmentation between central and southern populations, and (ii) range expansions in the Iberian Peninsula, both likely to have occurred during the Pleistocene. We find evidence for a glacial refugium in the Guadiana basin. Clades A and B co‐occurred in several of these lakes because of range expansion and secondary contact between both clades. The co‐occurrence between B. plicatilis s.s. and B. manjavacas is not recent, and both species might have experienced similar environmental challenges during the Pleistocene. The strong correlation of genetic and geographical distance found suggests that historical events can lead to such correlation, mirroring the effects of ‘isolation by distance’ in equilibrium populations.
Metabolic response of the gastrointestinal tract and serum parameters of rabbits to diets containing chicory flour rich in inulin
Authors: Juśkiewicz J. , Ašmanskaitė L. , Zduńczyk Z. , Matusevičius P. , Wróblewska M. , Žilinskienė A. 
Published: July 2007

SummaryA 36‐day experiment carried out on 54‐day‐old rabbits addressed the analysis of physiological properties of diets supplemented with chicory roots flour. Twenty‐four rabbits were allocated in individual cages to three treatments, in which they were fed each diet with the chicory flour at 0, 25 and 50 g/kg (control, ChF2.5 and ChF5 groups respectively). The chicory preparation administered at a higher dose, lowered ileal pH and viscosity, and evoked increased hydration of ileal and caecal digesta, compared to the control treatment (p ≤ 0.05). The ChF2.5 group was characterized by the highest increase in the bulk of digesta and concentration of protein in the caecum (p < 0.05 vs. control). The lowest colonic pH was found in the ChF5 group (p ≤ 0.05 vs. control). Compared to the control group, both chicory treatments effectively (p ≤ 0.05) diminished the activity of the potentially harmful bacterial enzymes β‐glucosidase and β‐glucuronidase in the caecal and colonic digesta. The ChF2.5 group was characterized by a significantly higher volatile fatty acids (VFA) pool size in the caecum, whereas rabbits fed the ChF5diet had the highest colonic VFA pool size (p ≤ 0.05 vs. control). The lowest level of triglycerides and total cholesterol, at concurrently the highest proportion of high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) fraction in the HDL/total cholesterol profile, were recorded in the plasma of rabbits fed the ChF5 diet. In conclusion, the chicory flour rich in inulin, exerted positive effects on the rabbit gastrointestinal tract physiology and would be a potential source of functional feed additives.
Long‐term results of Molteno implant insertion in cases of chronic angle closure glaucoma
Authors: Deokule Sunil P , Molteno Anthony CB , Bevin Tui H , Herbison Peter 
Published: July 2007

AbstractBackground:  This study was undertaken to provide data on the long‐term results of cases of chronic angle closure glaucoma with additional risk factors treated by Molteno implants between 1985 and 2004 at Dunedin Hospital, New Zealand.Methods:  A prospective non‐comparative case series followed 21 eyes (17 patients) for a mean of 5.7 years (range 1.3–16.3 years) in terms of intraocular pressure, visual acuity and subsequent procedures.Results:  Insertion of a Molteno implant has controlled the intraocular pressure at 21 mmHg or less in 100% of cases at 5 years after surgery, the probability of control being 0.95 (95% CI 0.91–0.99). The mean number of hypotensive medications reduced from 2.04 (SD 0.92) preoperatively to 1.40, 0.64 and 0.66 at 1, 2 and 5 years, respectively. The mean visual acuity improved from 6/18 preoperatively to 6/12 at 1 year and declined to 6/13.5 at 2 and 5 years.Conclusion:  Insertion of Molteno implants was a safe and effective procedure in the management of complex cases of chronic angle closure glaucoma.
Neuroprotective effect of topically applied brimonidine tartrate 0.2% in endothelin‐1‐induced optic nerve ischaemia model
Authors: Aktaş Zeynep , Gürelik Gökhan , Akyürek Nalan , Önol Merih , Hasanreisoğlu Berati 
Published: July 2007

AbstractBackground:  To investigate the neuroprotective effects of topically applied brimonidine tartrate 0.2% (BMD), an α2‐receptor agonist, on the retinal ganglion cell (RGC) layer and inner nuclear layer (INL) of rabbit retina in endothelin‐1 (ET‐1)‐induced optic nerve (ON) ischaemia model.Methods:  Osmotic minipumps were surgically implanted into one eye of 16 New Zealand Albino rabbits to deliver ET‐1 at the constant rate of 0.5 μL/h for 2 weeks. Eyes were divided into four groups. ET‐1 was given with (Group 3) and without topical BMD therapy (Group 1). Groups 2 and 4 were taken as controls. Rabbits were sacrificed at day 14. Morphological alterations, total cell number and proportion of cells undergoing apoptosis in INL and RGC layer were assessed by histopathological analysis to determine the survival of the cells of the INL and RGC layer.Results:  Endothelin‐1 led to severe reduction of cells in both the RGC layer and INL in Group 1 (P < 0.05). In Group 3, the total cell number and the proportion of cells undergoing apoptosis in the RGC layer were comparable with the control group (Group 4), whereas the former was found to be higher and the latter was found to be lower than those recorded for Group 1. However, the total cell number in the INL was found to be lower in Group 3 compared with that of Group 4, despite topical BMD therapy (P < 0.05).Conclusions:  Topically applied BMD seems to be neuroprotective and antiapoptotic in the ET‐1‐induced ON ischaemia model, especially for RGCs. BMD might be used as an adjuvant agent for its neuroprotective effects in hypoxic‐ischaemic conditions such as diabetic retinopathy, normotensive glaucoma and other retinal vascular occlusive conditions which require further investigations.
Pseudoexfoliation syndrome: in vivo confocal microscopy analysis
Authors: Martone Gianluca , Casprini Fabrizio , Traversi Claudio , Lepri Francesca , Pichierri Patrizia , Caporossi Aldo 
Published: July 2007

AbstractPseudoexfoliation (PEX) syndrome is a common ocular disease that also affects the cornea. A case of clinical PEX syndrome, studied by in vivo corneal confocal microscopy is reported. The morphological analysis of the confocal images demonstrated hyper‐reflective deposits and several dendritic cells in the basal epithelial layer. A fibrillar subepithelial structure was also found. The endothelial layer showed cell anomalies (polymegathism and pleomorphism) and hyper‐reflective small endothelial deposits. Confocal microscopy is an in vivo imaging method that may provide new information on corneal alterations in PEX, and detect early corneal features.
Atypical long‐latency auditory event‐related potentials in a subset of children with specific language impairment
Authors: Bishop Dorothy V.M. , Hardiman Mervyn , Uwer Ruth , Von Suchodoletz Waldemar 
Published: July 2007

Abstract It has been proposed that specific language impairment (SLI) is the consequence of low‐level abnormalities in auditory perception. However, studies of long‐latency auditory ERPs in children with SLI have generated inconsistent findings. A possible reason for this inconsistency is the heterogeneity of SLI. The intraclass correlation (ICC) has been proposed as a useful statistic for evaluating heterogeneity because it allows one to compare an individual's auditory ERP with the grand average waveform from a typically developing reference group. We used this method to reanalyse auditory ERPs from a sample previously described by Uwer, Albrecht and von Suchodoletz (2002). In a subset of children with receptive SLI, there was less correspondence (i.e. lower ICC) with the normative waveform (based on the control grand average) than for typically developing children. This poorer correspondence was seen in responses to both tone and speech stimuli for the period 100–228 ms post stimulus onset. The effect was lateralized and seen at right‐ but not left‐sided electrodes.
A Flexible Kernel for Adaptive Mesh Refinement on GPU
Authors: Boubekeur T. , Schlick C. 
Published: July 2007

Abstract We present a flexible GPU kernel for adaptive on‐the‐fly refinement of meshes with arbitrary topology. By simply reserving a small amount of GPU memory to store a set of adaptive refinement patterns, on‐the‐fly refinement is performed by the GPU, without any preprocessing nor additional topology data structure. The level of adaptive refinement can be controlled by specifying a per‐vertex depth‐tag, in addition to usual position, normal, color and texture coordinates. This depth‐tag is used by the kernel to instanciate the correct refinement pattern, which will map a refined connectivity on the input coarse polygon. Finally, the refined patch produced for each triangle can be displaced by the vertex shader, using any kind of geometric refinement, such as Bezier patch smoothing, scalar valued displacement, procedural geometry synthesis or subdivision surfaces. This refinement engine does neither require multipass rendering nor any use of fragment processing nor special preprocess of the input mesh structure. It can be implemented on any GPU with vertex shading capabilities.
Neurodevelopmental involvement in schizophrenia: the olfactory epithelium as an alternative model for research
Authors: Cascella Nicola G. , Takaki Manabu , Lin Sandra , Sawa Akira 
Published: July 2007

AbstractIt has been suggested that disturbances during neurodevelopment may play a crucial role in the etiology of schizophrenia (SZ). This premise is supported by brain imaging, epidemiological, and pathological studies as well as the discovery of susceptibility genes for SZ that appear to be implicated in development of the central nervous system. Here, we discuss the limitations of the current methods and models for studying the neurodevelopmental implications in SZ. We agree with the proposal that the olfactory epithelium, in which neurodevelopment continues throughout life, might represent an alternative model for understanding the pathophysiology of the disorder.
Characterization of eight microsatellite loci in Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus)
Authors: HUEBINGER RYAN M. , LOUIS EDWARD E. , GELATT THOMAS , REA LORRIE D. , BICKHAM JOHN W. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractSteller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus) are listed as an endangered species in western Alaska and have exhibited a significant population decline throughout their range. Eight microsatellite loci were isolated from genomic DNA libraries. In addition, all these markers were found to be variable in nine individuals of the California sea lion (Zalophus californicus). This panel of markers was developed to analyse population structure in Steller sea lions throughout their range.
A multiplex set of microsatellite markers for the scarlet rosefinch (Carpodacus erythrinus)
Authors: POLÁKOVÁ RADKA , VYSKOČILOVÁ MARTINA , MARTIN JEAN‐FRANÇOIS , MAYS HERMAN L. , HILL GEOFFREY E. , BRYJA JOSEF , ALBRECHT TOMÁŠ 
Published: July 2007

AbstractCardueline finches have become important models in studies of sexual selection and evolution of carotenoid‐based ornamentation. Here, we describe eight new polymorphic microsatellites isolated from the Scarlet rosefinch (Carpodacus erythrinus) and four from the House finch (Carpodacus mexicanus). Together with the cross‐species amplification of additional loci, originally published for two species of songbirds, we optimized a multiplex panel for C. erythrinus allowing genotyping of 22 polymorphic loci. Number of alleles and heterozygosity per locus in a sample of 34 individuals ranged from three to 38 and from 0.27 to 0.94, respectively.
Isolation, characterization and multiplex polymerase chain reaction of novel microsatellite loci for the avian parasite Philornis downsi (Diptera: Muscidae)
Authors: DUDANIEC RACHAEL Y. , GARDNER MICHAEL G. , KLEINDORFER SONIA 
Published: July 2007

AbstractAn enrichment technique was used to isolate 11 di‐, tri‐, and tetra microsatellites for the parasitic fly Philornis downsi (Diptera: Muscidae). These loci were polymerase chain reaction amplified in singleplexes or two‐plexes for P. downsi. The loci showed low to moderate polymorphism, exhibited between three and four alleles, and observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.05 to 0.86. These new markers will be useful for population‐level and paternity analyses and will provide valuable information about the ecology of this high‐impact parasite of vulnerable bird species.
Development of expressed sequence tag‐derived microsatellite markers for the sea urchin Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus
Authors: KONG LINGFENG , LI QI 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe first set of 15 expressed sequence tag‐simple sequence repeat markers was developed in sea urchin Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus. Number of alleles per locus ranged from two to 17. The observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.022 to 0.911 and from 0.022 to 0.916, respectively. These informative marker loci will be useful for the assessment of genetic variation and population structure of this species.
Exploring the lay representation of forgiveness: Convergent and discriminant validity
Authors: FRIESEN MYRON D. , FLETCHER GARTH J. O. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractFour studies employing a prototype approach tested the convergent and discriminant validity of a lay forgiveness representation. In Study 1, participants nominated a wide range of forgiveness features. In Study 2, participants rated the centrality of forgiveness features, which created a reliable graded structure from central to peripheral features. Study 3 tested the convergent validity of this lay forgiveness representation while controlling for several confounding variables. In Study 4, the discriminant validity of this lay forgiveness representation was tested through a categorization procedure. The findings replicate and extend prior research on forgiveness (Kearns & Fincham, 2004), and support the psychological reality of a lay forgiveness representation distinct from other victim responses.
The Initiator Style Questionnaire: A scale to assess initiator tendency in couples
Authors: DENTON WAYNE H. , BURLESON BRANT R. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe tendency of partners in a dyad to initiate or avoid relationship problem discussions has proven to have both theoretical and clinical significance. This tendency is conceptualized here as initiator tendency, which is defined as the propensity to initiate relationship‐focused discussions with one’s partner or avoid such discussions. The current paper reports 3 studies summarizing the development of a measure to assess initiator tendency: the Initiator Style Questionnaire (ISQ). The ISQ provides self‐report assessments of self and partner’s perceived initiator tendencies. The studies indicate that the 2 parallel 10‐item measures exhibit strong unidimensionality, internal consistency, and test–retest reliability, as well as appropriate discriminant validity and good convergent and construct validity. Limitations and applications are discussed.
Avoidance motivation and relationship commitment in heterosexual, gay male, and lesbian partners
Authors: KURDEK LAWRENCE A. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis study examined whether avoidance motivation is distinct from the satisfaction level, quality of alternatives, and investment size components of C. E. Rusbult, J. M. Martz, and C. R. Agnew’s (1998) investment model. Data from 3 samples (392 heterosexual dating partners, 225 heterosexual dating partners, and 351 gay male or lesbian cohabiting partners, respectively) indicated that items tapping satisfaction level, quality of alternatives, investment size, and avoidance motivation defined separate factors and that avoidance motivation accounted for unique variance in commitment. Satisfaction level moderated the link between investment size and commitment for dating partners and moderated the link between quality of alternatives and commitment, investment size and commitment, and avoidance motivation and commitment for gay male or lesbian partners.
How to Use Modern Critical Editions of Medieval Latin Texts
Authors: Knibbs Eric 
Published: July 2007

AbstractCritical editions provide access to the texts of the medieval and ancient world. To use these editions effectively, we must be aware of the theories, assumptions, and conventions that underlie them. This article examines how most critical editions of Medieval Latin texts are constructed and presented to the reader, and includes a model edition to serve as a concrete example. With a better understanding of modern critical editions, readers should be able to study how texts were read and used in the Middle Ages, and how they changed in the course of manuscript transmission. They should also be able to critically evaluate editorial choices and understand the reasoning behind them.
The role of maternal age and episiotomy in the risk of anal sphincter tears during childbirth
Authors: GERDIN Eva , SVERRISDOTTIR Gudlaug , BADI Amal , CARLSSON Björn , GRAF Wilhelm 
Published: July 2007

AbstractBackground:  Many women who experience anal sphincter tear will suffer from anal incontinence. The most important tool to avoid this is to recognise the obstetric risk factors involved and thereby prevent injury.Aims:  The aim of this study was to analyse and evaluate the risk factors of anal sphincter tear during delivery.Methods:  Of a total of 57 943 vaginal deliveries, we identified 565 women with partial or total rupture of the anal sphincter and compared these women with 565 controls without sphincter tear with respect to possible risk factors.Results:  Several factors were significantly associated with sphincter tears, including nulliparity, birthweight, instrumental delivery, episiotomy, malpresentation, maternal age and epidural analgesia. The importance of these variables was further confirmed in a stepwise logistic regression analysis. Age was found to be a significant risk factor only when the birthweight was less than 4000 g. Episiotomy more than doubled the risk of sphincter tear when delivery was non‐instrumental.Conclusion:   There are several independent risk factors that should be considered when making decisions regarding delivery mode. Maternal age and episiotomy in non‐instrumental delivery are two of these.