bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mating patterns amongst Siberian reindeer herders: Inferences from mtDNA and Y‐chromosomal analyses
Authors: Pakendorf Brigitte , Novgorodov Innokentij N. , Osakovskij Vladimir L. , Stoneking Mark 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe Evenks and Evens, who speak closely related languages belonging to the Northern Tungusic branch of the Tungusic family, are nomadic reindeer herders and hunters. They are spread over an immense territory in northeastern Siberia, and consequently different subgroups are in contact with diverse peoples speaking Samoyedic, Turkic, Mongolic, Chukotka‐Kamchatkan, and Yukaghir languages. Nevertheless, the languages and culture of the Evenks and Evens are similar enough for them to have been classified as a single ethnic group in the past. This linguistic and cultural similarity indicates that they may have spread over their current area of habitation relatively recently, and thus may be closely related genetically. On the other hand, the great distances that separate individual groups of Evens and Evenks from each other might have led to preferential mating with geographic neighbors rather than with linguistically related peoples. In this study, we assess the correlation between linguistic and genetic relationship in three different subgroups of Evenks and Evens, respectively, via mtDNA and Y‐chromosomal analyses. The results show that there is some evidence of a common origin based on shared mtDNA lineages and relatively similar Y‐haplogroup frequencies amongst most of the Evenk and Even subgroups. However, there is little sharing of Y‐chromosomal STR haplotypes, indicating that males within Evenk and Even subgroups have remained relatively isolated. There is further evidence of some female admixture in different Even subgroups with their respective geographic neighbors. However, the Tungusic groups, and especially the Evenks, show signs of genetic drift, making inferences about their prehistory difficult. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Muscle markers revisited: Activity pattern reconstruction with controls in a central California Amerind population
Authors: Weiss Elizabeth 
Published: May 2007

AbstractAnthropologists frequently use musculoskeletal stress markers to reconstruct past activity patterns. Yet, researchers have called into question the reliability of muscle marker measurements in part because body size and age affect muscle marker scores. In this study, the author examined an aggregate upper limb muscle marker to determine if after controlling for the effects of body size and age, one could reconstruct activity patterns of a prehistoric Amerind population. Analyses were made of a sample of 102 (43 males, 59 females) prehistoric central California Amerinds. Muscle markers were measured using two‐point observer rating scales; body size was measured by humeral articular surfaces; age and sex were determined previously through standard procedures. Using sex separated rankings and partial correlations, disaggregated muscle markers were examined for correlations with age and size to determine if specific muscle markers may be useful in pinpointing to activity patterns. Aggregate upper limb muscle marker correlated with: age, r = 0.44; humeral size, r = 0.44; and sex, r = 0.43; Ps < 0.001. Older individuals had greater muscle markers, as did larger individuals, and males. Rankings seemed to be confounded by the effect size had on the muscle markers. However, based on partial correlations controlling for size and age, the differences that remained between males and females could be used to reconstruct male activities of throwing in hunting and interpersonal aggression acts. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Composite estimates of physiological stress, age, and diabetes in American Samoans
Authors: Crews Douglas E. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractComposite estimates of physiological stress such as allostatic load (AL) were developed to help assess cumulative impacts of psychosocial and physical stressors on the body. Physiological responses to stress generally accelerate somatic wear‐and‐tear and chronic degenerative conditions (CDCs). Following McEwen (Neuropsychopharmacology 22 (1999) 108–124) and others, primary physiological mediators of somatic stress responses include glucocorticoids (cortisol), catecholamines (adrenaline and noradrenaline), and serum dihydroepiandosterone‐sulfate (DHEA‐S). Conversely, blood pressure (BP), serum HDL and total cholesterol, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and waist/hip (w/h) ratio are modulated by such hormones, thereby acting as secondary mediators of stress response. When these risk factors are aggregated into a composite score, higher stress loads are associated with increased risks for days of school/work missed, functional losses, morbidity, and mortality in US samples. To examine stress loads in American Samoans, data on all 6 secondary mediators along with estimates of body habitus (i.e. height, weight, circumferences, skinfolds) and physiology (i.e. fasting insulin, LDLc, triglycerides, fasting glucose) were measured on 273 individuals residing on Tutuila Island in 1992. Four combinations of these physiological factors were used to determine composite estimates of stress. These were then assessed by sex for associations with age and the presence of diabetes. Composite estimates of stress load were higher in Samoan women than men. Associations with age tended to be low and negative in men, but positive in women, appearing to reflect cultural circumstances and population history. Stress load scores also were higher among those with diabetes than those without among both men and women. These results suggest that composite estimates of stress may be useful for assessing future risks of CDC's and the senescent processes that may underlie them in cross‐cultural research. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Electrophilic Activation of Alkenes by Platinum(II): So Much More Than a Slow Version of Palladium(II)
Authors: Chianese Anthony R. , Lee Stephen J. , Gagné Michel R. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe electrophilic activation of alkenes by transition‐metal catalysts is a fundamental step in a rapidly growing number of catalytic processes. Although palladium is the best known metal for this purpose, the special properties of its third‐row cousin platinum (strong metal–ligand bonds and slow substitution kinetics) have enabled the development of transformations that are initiated by addition to the CC bonds by protic carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and phosphorus nucleophiles, as well as alkene or arene nucleophiles. Additionally, reactivity profiles, which are often unique to platinum, provide wholly new reaction products. This Review concerns platinum‐catalyzed electrophilic alkene activation reactions, with a special emphasis on the mechanistic properties of known systems, on the differences between platinum and palladium catalysts, and on the prospects for the development of new systems.
Palm‐based bio‐composites hybridized with kaolinite
Authors: Mat Amin Khairul Anuar , Haji Badri Khairiah 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis study described the mechanical and thermal properties of hybrid bio‐composites from oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) fibers and kaolinite. The polyurethane (PU) used as matrix is formed by reacting palm kernel oil (PKO)‐based polyester with crude isocyanate. The blending ratio of PU to EFB fibers was fixed at 35 : 65 and kaolinite was added at 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20% (by weight). The occurrence of chemical interactions between the hydroxyl terminals in both fillers and the PU system was determined via FTIR spectroscopy. Hybrid bio‐composites showed improved stiffness, strength, and better water resistance with the addition of kaolinite to an extent. At 15% of kaolinite loading, maximum flexural and impact strengths were observed. The interaction between kaolinite with PU matrix and EFB fibers enhanced the mechanical properties of the bio‐composites, which was justified from the FTIR spectrum. However, over‐packing of kaolinite was observed at 20% kaolinite loading, which ruptured the cellular walls and degraded strength of the bio‐composites. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2007
Do information technology units have more power than other units in academic libraries?
Authors: Lim Sook 
Published: May 2007

AbstractSystems offices that deal with library information technologies have played an important role in academic libraries; however, not much is known about how systems offices are positioned within academic libraries. This study examined the present status and the influence of systems offices by exploring the power differences among five principal functional units based on strategic contingencies theory. A mail questionnaire was sent to the principal functional unit heads of each of 95 university libraries belonging to the Association of Research Libraries in the United States. A total of 484 questionnaires were sent; 235 questionnaires were returned. The three major findings of this study were that (a) systems offices had more perceived power than all but public services; (b) systems offices had higher levels on contingency variables than did most of the other units; and finally, (c) criticality was a factor affecting perceived power between systems offices and most of the other units. The study findings imply that strategic contingencies theory may be partially applicable to library settings. Library staff or units may strategically increase their power by aligning their services with goals critical to their library and cooperating with other staff or other units.
User rankings of search engine results
Authors: Bar‐Ilan Judit , Keenoy Kevin , Yaari Eti , Levene Mark 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIn this study, we investigate the similarities and differences between rankings of search results by users and search engines. Sixty‐seven students took part in a 3‐week‐long experiment, during which they were asked to identify and rank the top 10 documents from the set of URLs that were retrieved by three major search engines (Google, MSN Search, and Yahoo!) for 12 selected queries. The URLs and accompanying snippets were displayed in random order, without disclosing which search engine(s) retrieved any specific URL for the query. We computed the similarity of the rankings of the users and search engines using four nonparametric correlation measures in [0,1] that complement each other. The findings show that the similarities between the users' choices and the rankings of the search engines are low. We examined the effects of the presentation order of the results, and of the thinking styles of the participants. Presentation order influences the rankings, but overall the results indicate that there is no “average user,” and even if the users have the same basic knowledge of a topic, they evaluate information in their own context, which is influenced by cognitive, affective, and physical factors. This is the first large‐scale experiment in which users were asked to rank the results of identical queries. The analysis of the experimental results demonstrates the potential for personalized search.
Magnetic fields generated by an induction heating (IH) cook top do not cause genotoxicity in vitro
Authors: Miyakoshi Junji , Horiuchi Emi , Nakahara Takehisa , Sakurai Tomonori 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe use of induction heater (IH) cook tops in homes has become widespread, especially in Japan, but there are concerns about the safety of intermediate frequency (IF) electromagnetic fields associated with these cooking appliances. Since the cellular genotoxicity of IF magnetic fields has not been examined in cultured cells, we examined the effects of these fields at a magnetic flux density of 532 ± 20 μT at 23 kHz, using an exposure unit with a built‐in CO2 incubator. Exposure to the IF magnetic field at 532 µT for 2 h did not affect the growth of CHO‐K1 cells and caused no mutagenic effects in bacterial mutation assays. Exposure to the IF magnetic field for 2 h induced neither single nor double DNA strand breaks in comet assays, and caused no significant change in the mutation frequency at the HPRT locus compared to sham exposure. The magnetic field used in this study is more than 80 times higher than the level recommended as safe in the International Commission on Non‐ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) guidelines. From these results, we suggest that exposure to an IF magnetic field for 2 h does not cause cellular genotoxicity in bacteria and in Chinese hamster cells. However, the possibility of effects on other cellular functions remains, and further studies on the cellular effects of IF magnetic fields are required. Bioelectromagnetics 28:529–537, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis and Heavy‐Metal‐Ion Sorption of Pure Sulfophenylenediamine Copolymer Nanoparticles with Intrinsic Conductivity and Stability
Authors: Lü Qiu‐Feng , Huang Mei‐Rong , Li Xin‐Gui 
Published: May 2007

AbstractNovel copolymer nanoparticles were easily synthesized with a polymerization yield of 59.3 % by an oxidative precipitation polymerization of aniline (AN) and m‐sulfophenylenediamine (SP) in HCl without any external stabilizer. The polymerization yield, size, morphology, electroconductivity, solubility, solvatochromism, lead and mercury ion adsorbability of the HCl‐doped copolymer salt particles were studied by changing the AN/SP ratio. The AN/SP (80:20) copolymer particles are found to have the minimal number‐average diameter(84.4 nm), minimal size polydispersity index (1.149), high stability, good long‐term stability, powerful redispersibility in water, high purity, and clean surface because of a complete elimination of the contamination from external stabilizer. The copolymer salts possess a remarkably enhanced solubility, interesting solvatochromism, and widely adjustable electroconductivity moving across nine orders of magnitudes from 10−9 to 100 S cm−1. The AN/SP (70:30) copolymer particles have the highest Hg2+ adsorbance and adsorptivity of 497.7 mg g−1 and 98.8 %, respectively, which are much higher values than those of other materials. The sorption mechanism of lead and mercury ions on the particles is proposed. The copolymer bases with 5–10 mol % SP unit show excellent film formability, flexibility, and smooth appearance. The copolymer should be very useful in the fabrication of cost‐effective conductive nanocomposite with low percolation threshold and in removal of toxic metallic ions from waste water.
Computational Investigations on the General Reaction Profile and Diastereoselectivity in Sulfur Ylide Promoted Aziridination
Authors: Janardanan Deepa , Sunoj Raghavan B. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractMechanism and diastereoselectivity of sulfur ylide promoted aziridination reactions were studied by density functional theory with inclusion of solvent effects through the continuum solvation model. The general reaction pathway was modeled for the addition of substituted sulfur ylides (Me2S+CH−R) to an aldimine ((E)‐methyl ethylidenecarbamate, MeHCNCO2Me). The nature of the substituents on the ylidic carbon atom substantially affects the reaction profile. The stabilized (R=COMe) and semistabilized (R=Ph) ylides follow a cisoid addition mode leading to trans aziridines via anti betaine intermediates. The simplest model ylide (unstabilized, R=H) underwent cisoid addition in a similar fashion. In the case of stabilized ylides product diastereoselectivity is controlled by the barriers of the elimination step leading to the 2,3‐trans aziridine, whereas it is decided in the addition step in the case of semistabilized ylides. The importance of steric and electronic factors in diastereoselective addition (2 and 5) and elimination (5) transition states was established. Comparison of results obtained with the gas‐phase optimized geometries and with the fully optimized solvent‐phase geometries reveals that the inclusion of solvent effects does not bring about any dramatic changes in the reaction profiles for all three kinds of ylides. In particular, diastereoselectivity for both kinds of ylides was found to be nearly the same in both these approaches.
A New Route for the Synthesis of NdB6 Powder from Nd2O3—B4C System.
Authors: Liu Y. , Lu W. J. , Qin J. N. , Zhang D. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis, Structure and Photochromic Properties of a Novel 1,6‐Hexanediamine Trimolybdate Supramolecular Compound.
Authors: Sun Dehui , Zhang Hongjie , Zhang Jilin , Zheng Guoli , Yu Jiangbo , Gao Shuyan 
Published: May 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Rapid Flux‐Assisted Synthetic Approach Towards the Bandgap Engineering of Layered Perovskites.
Authors: Porob Digamber G. , Maggard Paul A. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
The Ag2O—V2O5—HF(aq) System and Crystal Structure of α‐Ag3VO4.
Authors: Albrecht Thomas A. , Stern Charlotte L. , Poeppelmeier Kenneth R. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Diastereoselective Horner—Wadsworth—Emmons Reaction for the Synthesis of Tetrasubstituted Alkenes with an Axis of Chirality.
Authors: Sano Shigeki , Abe Shinobu , Azetsu Tomohiro , Nakao Michiyasu , Shiro Motoo , Nagao Yoshimitsu 
Published: May 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Enantioselective Organocatalysis of Strecker and Mannich Reactions Based on Carbohydrates.
Authors: Becker Christian , Hoben Christine , Kunz Horst 
Published: May 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
3/4‐Phenylene Bisheterocycles from Ring Transformation Reaction of Sydnone Derivatives: Synthesis of 3‐[3/4‐Heterocyclyl]phenyl‐5‐methyl‐3H‐[1,3,4]‐oxadiazol‐2‐ones from 3/4‐Acetylphenylsydnones and Their Biological Properties.
Authors: Kamble Ravindra R. , Latthe Prashant R. , Badami Bharati V. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Recyclable Polymer‐Bound Pd(0) Phosphine Catalyst for Effecting sp2‐sp2 and sp2‐sp Carbon—Carbon Coupling Reactions in Aqueous Medium.
Authors: Koshti Nirmal , Parab Bharat , Naik Shubhangi 
Published: May 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
HClO4—SiO2 Catalyzed Multicomponent Reactions for the Synthesis of Privileged Heterocyclic Structures.
Authors: Mandal Pintu Kumar , Misra Anup Kumar 
Published: May 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Strained Azetidinium Ylides: New Reagents for Cyclopropanation.
Authors: Couty Francois , David Olivier , Larmanjat Benedicte , Marrot Jerome 
Published: May 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Triquinanes from Linear Ketones via Trimethylenemethane Diyls.
Authors: Lee Hee‐Yoon , Kim Won‐Yeob , Lee Sejin 
Published: May 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Indium‐Mediated Allylation of α‐Imino Esters in Aqueous Media.
Authors: Piao Xiane , Jung Jae‐Kyung , Kang Han‐Young 
Published: May 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Functionalized Azobenzenes Through Cross‐Coupling with Organotrifluoroborates.
Authors: Harvey Jessica H. , Butler Brandon K. , Trauner Dirk 
Published: May 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Acyl Palladium Species in Synthesis: Single‐Step Synthesis of α,β‐Unsaturated Ketones from Acid Chlorides.
Authors: Cox Russell J. , Evitt Andrew S. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Sulfenic Acid Esters as Promising Sulfenylating Agents.
Authors: Zyk N. V. , Gavrilova A. Yu. , Mukhina O. A. , Bondarenko O. B. , Zefirov N. S. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Construction of Robust Ruthenium(salen)(CO) Complexes and Asymmetric Aziridination with Nitrene Precursors in the Form of Azide Compounds that Bear Easily Removable N‐Sulfonyl Groups.
Authors: Kawabata Hirotoshi , Omura Kazufumi , Uchida Tatsuya , Katsuki Tsutomu 
Published: May 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of Polycyclic and 4,5‐Diacylthiophene‐2‐carboxylates via Intramolecular Friedel—Crafts Alkylations and Unusual Autooxidative Fragmentation of the Derivatives Obtained from the Samarium Diiodide‐Promoted Coupling Reactions of Thiophene‐2‐carboxylate with Carbonyl Compounds.
Authors: Yang Shyh‐Ming , Fang Jim‐Min 
Published: May 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of 1,4‐Diphenylbutadiene Derivatives: Novel Inducer of Tissue‐Type Plasminogen Activator (t‐PA) in Cultured Bovine Endothelial Cells.
Authors: Sai Hiroshi , Ogiku Tsuyoshi , Ohmizu Hiroshi , Ohtani Akio 
Published: May 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Novel Synthesis of Nitrofuran‐Containing 1,3,4,5‐Tetrasubstituted Pyrazoles via 1,3‐Dipolar Addition Reaction.
Authors: Rai N. Satheesha , Kalluraya Balakrishna 
Published: May 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.