bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Innovative Utilization of Drilling Wastes as Building Materials
Authors: Chen Ta-Lin , Lin Sunlong , Lin Zsay-Shin 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
The drilling fluids and cuttings are the main sources of drilling waste in Taiwan. This research focused on the topics of reusing and resource recycling of drilling waste. Some specific recipes convert drilling wastes to building materials were investigated in this study. All the raw materials of these recipes come from waste drilling fluids and cuttings in drilling process of three different wells in Taiwan.
Considering the properties of waste, technology feasibility and product market, this study have tried to manufacture brick for building; permeable brick and concrete partial substitute from drilling waste and examine their properties with suitable specifications in laboratory. Detailed process for each product is described. The drilling wastes should be pretreated to become dry powders under 100 to 105 °C, which are the common raw materials for difference products.
According to the experimental result, the strength of permeable bricks produced from the recipe were between 350 to 1200 kgf/cm2 with permeability coefficient between 3.9×10-3 to 8.1×10-3 cm/sec (at 15 °C), which is met the CNS (Taiwan National Standard) specification requirements. The bricks for building have the strength between 110 to 280 kgf/cm2 after 7 days aged, which also fulfill the CNS specification. For the concrete partial substitute, even though the percentage of additive increased to 10% and 20%, the strength of samples still keep on 310 to 350 kgf/cm2, which are also conformed to CNS requirement.
Drilling wastes can be successfully converted into permeable bricks in this study, and all the end products meet CNS requirements. But it still needs more assessment to utilize the drilling waste as concrete partial substitute. The innovation is not only a new and cost-effective idea for drilling waste reutilization but also a great reduction of wastes impact during drilling process.
Technical-Knowledge Management Systems: Discrete Software Modules Provide an Affordable, Rapidly Deployed Alternative Solution to a Fully Integrated Approach
Authors: Pearce Julie Diane , McMillan Ian 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
A major challenge of any knowledge management system is to meet the varied needs of diverse constituencies, both internal and external. Comprehensive, integrated systems are costly to develop, may take considerable time to implement and often lack adaptability. For technical knowledge management related to bit development and application, ReedHycalog has avoided these limitations by employing a range of modules that meet specific needs. The comparatively narrow focus of each of these applications minimises development and maintenance costs, allows rapid introduction, and permits quick adaptation to changing needs. Integration of these diverse packages is achieved through a common software interface and established company practices, supported through user training.
This paper explores the character of ReedHycalog's principle knowledge management modules; we consider how the systems position the company to be better able to create lessons learned, and to establish best practices; we demonstrate the adaptability of the approach in the rapid introduction of a product development monitoring system; we examine, as an example of routine engineer usage, how the user interfaces with each module to produce a technically sound client product proposal.
Such an approach, using the best solutions for specific needs, yet integrated through a designed culture of accessibility and training, delivers a low cost, flexible knowledge management system. This discrete modular solution is a viable and effective alternative to a fully integrated knowledge management system.
Best Practices and Lessons Learned in Openhole Horizontal Gravel Packing Offshore Brazil: Overview of the Achievements from 72 Operations
Authors: Farias R. , Li J. , Vilela A. , Aboud R. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
The challenge of the alpha/beta waves gravel packing open hole in the Brazil offshore is how to successfully displace the proppant slurry in a large wellbore with a low fracture gradient formation, deep to ultra-deep water depths, and extended reach horizontal section.
Since 2001, job data from more than 72 open hole horizontal gravel packings have been compiled into a database. This paper reviews the well information and the key gravel packing parameters: pump rate, fluid density, injection proppant concentration, inner/outer annulus area ratio, dune ratio, packing rate, packing time and packing efficiency during alpha/beta waves. The engineering implementations and challenges, the best practices and lessons learned for open hole horizontal gravel packing are also summarized. The data analysis yields a better understanding about the open hole horizontal gravel packing in the Brazil offshore and provides a good guideline for future practice. A historical review is also presented showing how the gravel packing methodology has improved packing efficiency and success rate.
Case histories are provided demonstrating how to deploy the single trip system and pack the extended reach wellbore utilizing ultra-light-weight (ULW) proppant under extreme with improved packing efficiency and the success rate.
Integrated BHA Modeling Delivers Optimal BHA Design
Authors: Chen David C. -K. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
This paper presents the development of a new bottomhole assembly (BHA) program and how it is used to deliver optimal BHA design. The new program allows users to run static and dynamic models in the same application which will save time and minimize errors. For the static model, the program uses the newly developed generic algorithm for solving the Lubinski's BHA equations directly. The strengths of the new algorithm are accuracy and computation efficiency, as compared to the conventional finite-element based BHA programs. In addition, the program is designed to run fast on a personal computer (PC) with an intuitive user interface so that it can be used to optimize BHA design in the office as well as at the rig site.
The static model is primarily designed for directional drilling applications, such as optimal BHA design for maximum steerability, bending moment calculations to minimize fatigue failure, and BHA sag corrections to improve survey quality. The dynamic model is based on a hybrid of analytical and finite-element methods to calculate the critical rotary speeds of the BHA. This paper describes the significance of applying these features in a user-friendly application to improve the optimization process and maximize drilling performance.
What Role Does a Data Warehouse Play in A Service-Oriented Architecture?
Authors: Dampier M. , Tassin S. , Haines P. , Miller J. Y. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract

Description of the Material
Organizations have long struggled with providing integration, interoperability and data exchange among a variety of disparate databases across the enterprise. Many organizations are adopting service-oriented architectures (SOA) to provide both application and data integration services. Incorporating data warehousing into an overall service-oriented architecture is critical for enabling integrated business intelligence.

Application
Business intelligence architectures focus on delivering data from source systems to data warehouses and then to data marts for reporting and analytical applications. They have typically used ETL to move data, and more recently, EAI. SOA brings the promise of using an umbrella approach for not just batch data movement, but also for real-time application and data integration. This paper describes how data warehousing fits into a service-oriented architecture, some of the common challenges that it addresses and what the combined architecture looks like. Additionally, this paper takes a look at a common business scenario utilizing Data Warehousing within a service-oriented architecture.

Results, Observations and Conclusions
Successful business process management and access to direct transactional business intelligence are two of the main benefits resulting from the capture of timely, accurate data at the source. Creating business intelligence that performs efficiently and provides strong corporate memory requires incorporation of data warehousing into the overall service-oriented architecture model. Undertaken correctly, SOA can supplement existing technologies to deliver data and process driven business intelligence.

Significance of Subject Matter
The challenges of lack of data standards, "silos" of information, and lack of a common integration framework make the SOA promise of easier data and application integration sound very appealing. Many oil and gas companies have started implementing SOAs within their enterprises. With business intelligence solutions continuing to be a top focus for Oil & Gas IT leaders, informal surveys of this same group have found that many lack an understanding of the composite view of SOA and BI.
Beyond Queues: Using Grid Computing for Simulation Studies
Authors: Li Xin , Lei Zhou , El-Khamra Yaakoub , Huang Dayong , White Christopher D. , Allen Gabrielle , Smith John Rogers 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Reservoir simulators are computationally costly and produce diverse, voluminous results. These features motivate a need for a distributed computing systems with high-level methods to manage computation, data, and workflow: the Grid computing community is working to provide such tools.
We begin by discussing the features of Grid computing environments, emphasizing features that enhance reliability and usability, and can contribute to decreased computing cost via a future market in Grid computing with high security. A Grid-based workflow for reservoir simulation is then outlined which uses software such as the Condor and Globus Toolkit to build and manage workflows, the Grid Security Infrastructure (GSI) for security, GridSphere for portal creation and management, and Cactus for parallelization.
The workflow is demonstrated for a geostatistical study of three-dimensional displacements in heterogeneous reservoirs using a parallel IMPES reservoir simulator. A suite of 5,120 simulations assesses the effects of geostatistical methods. Much of the pre- and post-processing is automated in this workflow, which is based on experimental design. Multiple runs are simultaneously executed using Grid computing. Grid services manage security, data acquisition, resource brokerage and allocation, response analysis, and visualization; the reservoir engineer is freed from micromanaging these workflow components. Flow response analyses indicate that efficient, widely-used sequential geostatistical simulation methods may overestimate flow response variability, compared to more computationally costly direct methods such as LU decomposition.
The workflow is extended to automatic history matching using Ensemble Kalman Filters in the Grid environment. Users only need to choose parameters for stochastic simulations in a Web-based Grid portal. A two-dimensional problem with one injector and four producers is created to investigate the performance of the Grid ensemble Kalman filter.
Grid computing offers a promising path toward effective use of computing resources within and between organizations. Existing tools support parallelization of code and construction of workflows. The software developed here can be adapted to drive other simulation tools, and is available for downloading.
An Experimental Approach of Matrix Acidizing of Permeability-Damaged Carbonate Reservoirs
Authors: Shedid Shedid A. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Matrix acidizing is a common well stimulation technique in which acid is injected into the producing reservoir. The main purpose of the process is to remove wellbore formation damage and/or dissolve a portion of the rock and hence, enhance the permeability in the near well-bore region. It is however, important to optimize many treatment parameters to execute an efficient acidizing job.
This study are undertaken to investigate the influences of acid injection rate, acid concentration, variation of rock permeability, reservoir temperature, and acid volume injected on the recovery of damaged rock permeability using matrix acidizing of oil carbonate reservoirs.
Sixteen core flood experiments are undertaken to investigate the above-mentioned effects on matrix acidizing process using actual cores and reservoir liquids. Every core sample was cleansed, evacuated, saturated with brine, flooded with crude oil, and damaged with bentonite water-base mud. Then, the designed acidizing run was carried out. The rock permeability was measured before and after acidizing to quantify the success of the process and to identify the effect of every factor. Models of prediction for permeability damaged factor and permeability improvement factor were developed.
The results of the study indicated that the increase of acid concentration and/or the flow rate increases the recovery of damaged permeability. Furthermore, initial rock permeability has minor effect on permeability enhancement by matrix acidizing of damaged carbonate oil reservoir rocks. The increase of acid injection rate increases the required acid volume injected regardless of the reservoir temperature under acidizing. Finally, the results reveals that carbonate oil reservoir of higher temperature require more acid volume to be injected than that reservoirs of lower temperature for the same applied acid injection rate and concentration.
New Type Curves for the Analysis of Pressure Transient Data Dominated by Skin and Wellbore Storage—Non-Newtonian Fluid
Authors: Igbokoyi Alpheus O. , Tiab Djebbar 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
A new type curve for well test analysis for non-newtonian fluids in petroleum reservoir is developed. The general analytical solution in Laplace variable presented by Ikoku and Ramey Jr.2 forms the mathematical basis of the proposed type-curves. The equation for the type curve was developed, following similar procedure to that of Bourdet et al10. The Bessel functions involved in the final solution of the non-newtonian case cannot be approximated by logarithm function as in the Newtonian case. Hence, the dimensionless group of the skin factor and wellbore storage coefficient used in the Bourdet et al's case was not used in this study. Instead, only the skin factor is retained. The dimensionless wellbore storage coefficient is grouped with the dimensionless time as usual.
The log-log plot of the pressure derivatives at the infinite acting radial flow lie on a straight line for each flow behavior index. This straight line intersects the Newtonian infinite acting pressure derivative line at tD/CD = 1. In addition to the unit slope line of the wellbore storage region, this point of intersection provides a fulcrum point for proper curve matching. Thus the characteristic mobility can be computed using this intersection point.
Apart from the conventional type-curve-matching method of analysis, the Tiab's direct synthesis (TDS) technique is developed for the evaluation of well test data in non-newtonian fluid flow. This is based on the long time solution as in the conventional case and the characteristic line of the type curve. The process does not involve type curve matching, but provides a direct method of evaluating the well test data from the log-log plot of the pressure and pressure derivatives. Two examples from the references 3 and 6 were used to validate the type curves and satisfactory results were obtained.
A New Practical Method To Quantitatively Evaluate the Changes in Formation Permeability During Production
Authors: Ju Binshan , Fan Tailiang , Wang XiaoDong 
Published: December 2007

AbstractIt is a universal phenomenon that the permeability of an oil reservoir maybe changes with formation pressure, formation damages, sand fines migration and other formation sensitivity during oil production. However, there is as yet no quantitative method to calculate the changing permeability during production. Current method such as oil productivity index, fluid productivity index, and apparent fluid productivity index, only give a semi-quantitative estimation of permeability, which has a low precision.In order to quantitatively evaluate permeability changes during production, a new practical mathematical model based the theory of oil displacement by water is presented in this paper. The new method can be used to calculate permeability using relative permeability data and production data of an oil field. To testify the accuracy of the new method, the relative permeability and production data from H.Z.J. Oil Field is used to calculate permeability changes during production. The results obtained by previous methods and the new method given by this paper are also compared. This study shows that the previous methods such as production index reflect the total change of both permeability and fluid flow transmissibility and they can't really reflect the change in permeability. The new method presented in this paper can accurately evaluate the change in permeability caused by all kinds of formation sensitivity during production.
Cementing a Producing Formation With Low-Fracture-Pressure Gradient in Wafra Field, Kuwait
Authors: Elmarsafawi Youssef , Warman Robert , Assad Abdulla , Powell Blair , Razouqi Maen , Caillat Frederic 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Achieving good zonal isolation in wells characterized by lost circulation has been a challenge in the Wafra field of Kuwait. The field is characterized by highly fractured formations with very low fracture-pressure gradients. In the Wafra field production intervals were commonly drilled with partial or complete losses, causing risk during drilling and cementing operations and damaging the producing formation. Also, uncemented columns of casing have developed leaks as a result of corrosive formation fluids. Two-stage cementing with extended slurries and top jobs were the common practices in this field in an attempt to circulate cement to surface. This technique delays the drilling progress, and the low mechanical properties of the extended slurries do not provide the required zonal isolation.
A new cementing program was introduced to combat lost circulation in this field. A slurry technology at a density of 900 kg/m3 (7.5 lbm/galUS) was used to cement the low-fracture-gradient production zone without cement losses or formation damage. Excellent set cement mechanical properties were achieved with very low set-cement permeability. In wells where high losses were expected, a surface-treated fiber was added to the cement to bridge across the problem zone. This paper presents case histories study of several wells, laboratory designs, and field data in which these new techniques successfully treated partial to complete losses encountered during cementing operations. In all jobs using the new slurry, lost circulation problems were cured and cement was circulated to surface.
Integrated Management in a Mature Field in the Brazilian Continental Margin
Authors: Silva M. F. , Malta M. S. , Zapparolli L. H. , Silva P. M. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
The main objective of this paper is to describe the integrated management process in Namorado field, a shallow water field in Campos Basin, Brazilian continental margin consisting on a multidisciplinary planning, a comprehensive diagnosis of the problems and a full set of corrective actions.
The steps include tools as wireline production and saturation logs, pressure and production tests, a suitable schedule of tubing changes, perforations in unshot oil intervals and abandon of swept intervals.
Moreover, a rigorous control of mass balance on injected and produced volumes is performed, as a permanent concern of the whole production asset, resulting in a politics of gradual increase in injected water volume and, consequently, an increment in the oil production.
It also includes periodic squeezes of an inhibitor in order to prevent Barium sulfate scaling and changes in the drainage strategy as the convertion of wells from producers to injectors and vice versa.
This management is performed by an integrated teamwork: Reservoir, Production, Workover, Lifting and Economics. It has shown remarkable results as the maintainance of the oil production and the reservoir pressure at the same level during the last twelve years.
An Improved Pressure and Saturation Downscaling Process for a Better Integration of 4D Seismic Data Together with Production History
Authors: Enchery G. , Le Ravalec-Dupin M. , Roggero F. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
In the recent decade, automatic history-matching has been a very active research area with significant progress reported. Workflows have been designed in order to build reservoir models consistent with production history and geology. Due to the growing use of repeated seismic and monitoring, it has become important to incorporate also 4D seismic attributes in the modeling of reservoirs. More complicated workflows have been proposed to simultaneously integrate production history and 4D-seismic data in reservoir models. They encompass the minimization of an objective function, which measures the mismatch between the collected data and the corresponding simulated answers. Thus, the objective function is used to compare the actual production data to the simulated ones and the actual 4D seismic attributes to the simulated ones. The computation of 4D seismic answers entails the use of the simulated fluid distributions. The flow simulations, which provide these fluid distributions, are usually performed at the coarse scale. A downscaling process is required to properly model the 4D seismic answers. In this paper, we propose a new method for downscaling pressures and saturations from the coarse reservoir scale to the fine geological scale. This method ensures mass conservation and allows capturing fine scale heterogeneity. It calls for local flow simulations with boundary conditions specified from the driving coarse flow simulation. A numerical example is presented to point out the improvement in the building of the constrained reservoir model.