bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
[Comment on] Space Physics review articles
Authors: Newell Patrick T. 
Published: October 2006

I read with approval the announcement (Eos, January 23, 1990, p. 219) that the Journal of Geophysical Research‐Space Physics will publish specialized review articles in space physics, filling the unfortunate void left by the changed format of Reviews of Geophysics. Review articles provide newcomers to a subject with an up‐to‐date introduction, while providing old hands in the field with a useful reference source. However it is unfortunate that JGR‐Space Physics will, like Reviews of Geophysics itself, be publishing reviews by invitation only. This regressive policy is doubly wrong.First, there are currently not too many but rather too few widely available review articles in our field; and thus artificial limitations are inappropriate (and unnecessary). Reviews of Geophysics has never managed to publish more than a handful of space physics reviews in a year, and that many only in the quadrennial reports to IUGG. In a field where accurate predictions are rare, one that is almost certain to succeed is that the editor(s) of JGR‐Space Physics will have no difficulty whatsoever in limiting the number of review articles to 12 per year.
House Panel “terminates” freedom
Authors: Simarski Lynn Teo 
Published: October 2006

The House appropriations subcommittee with responsibility for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration terminated funding for Space Station Freedom on May 15. The surprise action by the VA, HUD, and Independent Agencies subcommittee, chaired by Bob Traxler (D‐Mich.), threatens a favorite space project of the Bush administration, and calls into question the generally strong support for the space station believed to exist in Congress.Traxler cited budget constraints to justify the act. The funding cut‐off, he said, “reflects the fact that our federal government's budgeting has hit a dead end. We simply can no longer afford huge new projects, with huge pricetags, while trying to maintain services that the American public expect to be provided.”
[comment t[Comment on] “What is AGU's proper role in society?”] AGU's role in society: Duty to the public
Authors: Wilshire Howard 
Published: October 2006

Bravo to William Kaula and Don Anderson for their forthright opinion, “What Is AGU's Proper Role in Society?” (Eos, April 9, 1991). In hearing preliminaries about Mission to Planet Earth at the Geological Society of America's meeting in Phoenix in 1987, I was turned off by what seemed to me to be endless self‐serving proposals to probe the Earth “with our steely knives,” but with hardly a mention of how we could use the information to assist the nation in making rational decisions about the future human occupancy of Earth. I concur with Kaula and Anderson that it is not only the duty of individual scientists to speak out on controversial issues of public concern, but also the duty of professional societies to influence the public policy decision‐making process in areas where our special expertise is relevant.It does not matter that opinions within the professional societies differ. Opinions within the nation differ, too. But to take no position at all because of these differences of opinion is dereliction of our duty to the public that supports us. AGU already has a mechanism for presenting a Union‐endorsed position on public issues (which could serve as a model for other professional societies whose best effort is to hide under the bed). This mechanism needs to be used more aggressively so that our expert knowledge (both of facts and hypotheses) is brought to bear on matters of critical human concern.
[Comment to “What is AGU's proper role in society?”] Advocacy puts AGU's credibility at risk
Authors: Singer S. Fred 
Published: October 2006

I am more than happy to reply to the Forum article, “What is AGU's Proper Role in Society?”, as requested by the authors. Let it be clearly stated that I am in complete agreement with the AGU Council, which in December 1989 turned down the two environmental policy statements endorsed by William Kaula and Don Anderson in their article as being “too political” and going “beyond the 1982 [Council] guidelines.”The Council's concern is that by venturing far beyond the recognized competence of the geophysics profession, AGU may lose credibility even in its area of expertise. This concern can be illustrated by analyzing the two policy statements; in my view, their adoption would expose AGU to justified criticism.
IAHS/WMO Working Group for GEWEX Progress Report
Authors: Schultz Gert , Colenbrander H. 
Published: October 2006

The International Council of Scientific Unions (ICSU) and the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) undertook the Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment (GEWEX). In early 1989 in Pasadena, Calif., the Scientific Steering Group (SSG) for GEWEX of the Joint Scientific Committee (JSC) for the World Climate Research Program (WCRP) held its first meeting. GEWEX objectives were formulated and documented in the “Report of the First Session of the JSC‐Scientific Steering Group for GEWEX,” published as WCRP‐25, WMO/TD‐No. 321.Vit Klemes, Victoria, B.C., Canada, who represented the International Association of Hydrological Sciences (IAHS) at the SSG meeting, stated the IAHS intention to play an active role in GEWEX. IAHS described GEWEX as “the development, validation and use of large‐scale hydrological models, coupled with general circulation models, which make use of data from space observing systems.” IAHS then established the IAHS/WMO Working Group for GEWEX, which held its first meeting during the IAHS Third Scientific Assembly in Baltimore, May 19, 1989. Klemes was the first working group chairman, and passed the title to Gert A. Schultz, Ruhr University, Bochum, Germany, in the fall of 1989.
Magellan Venus data “continues to amaze”
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

Images of Venusian “pancakes,” “ticks,” and “coronae” were presented by Magellan scientists with their assessments of the underlying processes at work on the planet at the AGU Spring Meeting. According to project scientist Steve Saunders of Caltech's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, “we are just getting started” on analyzing the Magellan data. “The results are overwhelming, spectacular. They continue to amaze everyone.”The Magellan data have so far revealed a landscape that exhibits little evidence of crater degradation, few examples of highly eroded terrain, plains regions that are highly fractured, and evidence of widespread, localized volcanism, Saunders said.
House cuts science to restore Space Station
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

The House voted 240 to 173 to fully fund Space Station Freedom at $1.9 billion next year, overriding the House appropriations subcommittee, which eliminated the funding for the station last month. The unexpected action on June 6, taken after a day of heated debate, froze all other programs of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration at this year's levels, confirming the recent suspicion that the rest of the agency would suffer if the space station were funded. The House also took an additional $217 million from public housing subsidies and added it to the station. The National Science Foundation's budget request, funded by the same bill as NASA is, was not affected.NASA administrator Richard H. Truly called the vote “a big victory for all America.” He added, however, that “much work remains to be done to provide a final FY 1992 budget for NASA that is well balanced between science, manned space flight and exploration, aeronautical research, Earth observation, and technology development.”
JOIDES Resolution returns to U.S.
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

JOIDES Resolution, a drill ship for the internationally funded Ocean Drilling Program, will be in San Diego July 5–9. The ship left for its first mission in April 1985 and returned on May 1, completing the ODP's 37th cruise.JOIDES Resolution has drilled in the Arctic and Antarctic circles, penetrated as deep as 1,621 meters into the seafloor, drilled in water as deep as 5,980 meters, and recovered 60 km of core. The ship has drilled in all the world's oceans, as well as the Sulu, Celebes, Norwegian‐Greenland, Labrador, Weddell, Mediterranean, and Japan Seas.
Space physicists want small missions
Authors: Simarski Lynn Teo 
Published: October 2006

An overwhelming 91% of space physicists surveyed recently believe that the National Aeronautics and Space Administration should plan more frequent smaller missions, even at the expense of large missions. This was the most clearcut result of a NASA survey conducted by the Science Applications International Corporation.“This result shows that people want access to space,” said SAIC's Mark E. Pesses who, along with Rikhi Sharma, conducted the survey and presented the preliminary results at the AGU Spring Meeting. Respondents prefered smaller missions that are easier to participate in, over larger missions that take 10–15 years to fly.
Coast earthquakes similar at high intensities
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

Seismologists know that earthquakes in the eastern United States have larger felt areas than earthquakes with similar magnitudes in the western United States. The corollary that earthquakes in the East should have larger damage areas has been proven untrue, according to Arch Johnston, Center for Earthquake Research and Information, Memphis, Tenn., and T. C. Hanks, U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, Calif. They presented their findings at the AGU Spring Meeting.Their studies show that ratios of damage and felt areas for eastern and western North America range from a factor of 100 to a factor of 10, with little distinction between low and high intensity earthquakes. Johnston and Hanks show that the ratio is much lower than previously thought, and that it decreases from a high of 7 for felt areas to a factor of 2–3 for intensity 6, and approaches unity at intensity 7. Earthquake intensity is measured on a scale of 1–12, which gives felt and damage information. Intensity 1 represents an earthquake that is barely felt, and 12 an earthquake that causes substantial destruction. Damage is evident following earthquakes with intensities of 6 and 7.
[Comment on “Doctorate time rising sharply: How long should it take” by William Glen] Defining TTD
Authors: Jedlovec Gary J. 
Published: October 2006

In response to the Forum article “Doctorate Time Rising Sharply: How long should it take?” by William Glen (March 27, 1990), I contend that Glen (and the authors of a book he cites) may be overlooking a possible explanation for the rise in time to doctorate (TTD). Is the time one spends working in his/her field between degrees considered and tabulated? It might be that after obtaining a bachelors or masters degree, the student seeks employment for a number of years before returning to school.Using myself as an example, after graduating with a masters degree in 1981 (bachelors in 1979), I worked as a research associate for NASA before returning to school in 1984. I completed my doctorate degree in 1987, making my actual time in school between the bachelors and doctorate degrees only 5 years. The TTD as defined in Forum would yield 8 years. I know of many others who have proceeded in getting a doctorate degree in a similar fashion. My TTD of 8 years in no way reflects institutional factors as suggested in the article.
Prospecting for active volcanism: A promising role for long‐range aircraft along the Mid‐Oceanic Ridge
Authors: Vogt Peter R. , Nishimura Clyde , Jarvis James 
Published: October 2006

The National Science Foundation has recently started a multiyear study of the Mid‐Oceanic Ridge (MOR), with emphasis on the dynamics of axial magmatic, tectonic, and hydrothermal processes [National Academy of Sciences, 1988]. The map on the cover shows the globe‐circling MOR and the names of the ridge sections.Locating sites of active volcanism along the MOR is important to this research. Plate motions (for example, DeMets et al. [1990]) require an average lava volume of 4 km3 yr−1 to be extruded along the approximately 60,000‐km MOR system (assuming the average oceanic crust includes 1.3 km of extrusives). To date, however, no MOR volcanism has been observed except where the accreting plate boundary emerges above sea level, in Iceland and the Afar Triangle. By contrast, locating and monitoring terrestrial volcanism by aircraft and satellite is making rapid progress [Mouginis‐Mark et al., 1989]
New trends at NSF's Earth sciences division
Authors: Simarski Lynn Teo 
Published: October 2006

The success rate for proposals to the Earth Sciences Division of the National Science Foundation dropped from almost 55% in 1980 to approximately 37% last year. The division has gradually funded more proposals over the past decade, but the rapid rate at which they arrive means that a given proposal is less likely to succeed, given the fixed pot of funds, explained acting director Ian MacGregor in a recent interview. MacGregor explained how proposals are evaluated and spoke about changes in the division, including new awards targeted at postdoctoral fellows and a new hydrology program in the planning stages.Although NSF reaps an attractive 17.5% increase in the budget proposal now wending its way through Congress, Earth Sciences has not shared in the expected largesse. The Geosciences directorate, which provides the overwhelming share of NSF support to AGU members, is slated for a respectable 14.1% increase. But only a 9.3% increase, just 2–3% above inflation, is proposed for Earth Sciences, one of the directorate's four divisions. Other areas of geophysics have fared better this year.
What are megaprojects doing to science?
Authors: Simarski Lynn Teo 
Published: October 2006

A House panel recently explored the effect of big projects such as Space Station Freedom and the Superconducting Super Collider on “small science,” as it grappled with the definition of small vs. big science. Much of the discussion zeroed in on the particulars of this year's most controversial megaproject, the space station. Among the witnesses at the July 11 hearing of the House Budget Committee Task Force on Defense, Foreign Policy, and Space was Thomas Donahue, chair of AGU's Committee on Public Affairs.George E. Brown, Jr. (D‐Calif.), temporarily stepping down from his presiding chair over the House Science Committee to testify at the task force's witness table, justified his support for Freedom while acknowledging that “many features [of the space station] that would be good for science have been deferred.” But, he added, “The reasons for the manned space program and for the station have to do with international leadership and technological competitiveness.”
USGS funding up in House bill
Authors: Bush Susan 
Published: October 2006

HR 2686, the Department of Interior and Related Agencies FY 1992 appropriations bill, was approved by the House on June 25. Included in the bill was $589.5 million for the U.S. Geological Survey, a $18.8 million increase over FY 1991 and $26.4 million over the president's request.The National Mapping, Geography, and Survey Program was budgeted at $137 million, $4.7 million over FY 1991 funding and $1.3 million over the president's request.
Current and future ocean‐observing systems
Authors: Lewis James K. , Passi Ranjit M. 
Published: October 2006

Ocean‐observing systems are needed to provide the continuous stream of data necessary to make useful model predictions of important ocean parameters. The observing systems should significantly improve numerical ocean forecasts of the marine planetary boundary layer, phenomena at the air/sea interface, ocean circulation, and ice‐covered regions.Most of the work on defining the required characteristics of the observing systems has used Observing System Simulation Experiments (OSSEs). We have synthesized the basic philosophy of OSSEs based on a review of the atmospheric and oceanographic literature, as well as visits to important research centers [Lewis and Passi, 1991]. The primary conclusions of our investigation follow.
Advocacy is scientists' responsibility
Authors: Greenstadt Gene 
Published: October 2006

In reading S. Fred Singer's comments in Forum (Eos, May 21, 1991) on the earlier letter by Kaula and Anderson on AGU's proper role in society (Eos, April 9, 1991), I find myself entirely in agreement with his admonition that AGU positions, in this case specifically on global warming, must add “a certain amount of political sophistication.” But while I cannot disagree with the view that geophysicists should confine their advice to matters in which they have expertise, I also wonder if any of us deserves criticism when, noting the difficulty political leaders have in connecting causes with effects, we yield occasionally to the temptation to stray beyond mere facts and spell out potentially unfavorable connections. Early linking of complex but subtly related phenomena is one of the areas in which we have some credibility, is it not?Even as scientists we are, after all, compelled to share destinies with the other passengers crammed into the stairwells of the national vehicle, a bus tailgating an oil tanker careening right and left at high speed down the global highway, driven by a crew of politicians drunk on paleozoic distillate and trained in the Alfred E. Newman College of Navigation, where the principal graduation requirement is an intense desire to sit in front and steer.
Can temperature records accurately predict future trends?
Authors: Blue Charles 
Published: October 2006

Northern Hemisphere surface air temperature records, which are important for understanding global climate, do not accurately predict future temperature trends, according to a paper published in the July issue of Geophysical Research Letters. James Eisner of Florida State University and Anastasios Tsonis of the University of Wisconsin‐Milwaukee applied a new statistical analysis called the “bootstrap method” to data from three Northern Hemisphere long‐term temperature records. This was done to determine how accurately the temperature records portray future temperature trends.Their results show that although these records demonstrate a long‐term temperature increase, their corresponding trends over the past 100 years are statistically different. Eisner and Tsonis made their analyses from three records of the Northern Hemisphere's temperature over the past 100 years.
FY92 Appropriations Bills reach conference committees
Authors: Bush Susan 
Published: October 2006

Further legislative action will be put on hold until after Labor Day, while Congress is in its annual August recess. The FY 92 budget cycle begun in February is in its closing stages. Differing appropriations bills funding the science agencies were passed by both chambers of Congress and must now be passed by a joint committee conference, specially appointed to iron out the differences in the bills before going to President Bush for his approval or veto.The Energy and Water Development appropriations bill (HR2427), which funds the Department of Energy, has gone through the joint conference committee and has been sent to the president. In less than 2 hours of negotiation the House and Senate agreed to the final version of the bill on July 30. The House voted in favor of the measure the next day, and the Senate approved it on August 2 by voice vote.
SPR Awards Committee
Authors: Tsurutani Bruce T. 
Published: October 2006

The SPR Awards Committee has been formed for the next 2‐year period (July 1, 1990–June 30, 1992). It consists of Marty Lee (chair), University of New Hampshire, tel. 603‐862‐3509; Nancy Crooker (ex‐officio), University of California at Los Angeles; Bill Kurth, University of Iowa; Tom Moore, Marshall Space Flight Center; Ed Roelof, Johns Hopkins University, Applied Physics Laboratory; Bob Schunk, Utah State University; and Dan Winske, Los Alamos National Laboratory.The SPR Awards Committee has several responsibilities, including solicitation and development of proposals for potential AGU Fellows from the SPR section; the AGU Fellows Committee makes the final selections. The awards committee also reviews SPR student papers at the Fall and Spring AGU Meetings and nominates outstanding papers for AGU recognition.
Should IGRF data be commercialized?
Authors: Stuart W. F. 
Published: October 2006

At the 1989 International Association of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy meeting in Exeter, U.K., a proposal was presented to support geomagnetic observatories in the Third World by charging commercial users of the International Geomagnetic Reference Field a price for its use. The proposal guarantees research scientists free access to IGRF. Seven British companies have contracted to pay $1 million as an expression of the concern of the commercial world to maintain a high standard of accuracy in IGRF.The IAGA executive committee rejected the proposal and at the final plenary session, that decision was upheld 29 to 14 in a scientific vote of all delegates present, a poll representing about 5% of the IAGA population. The main objection to the proposal was that the sale by contract would create an infringement of scientific liberty.
New volcano newsletter planned
Authors: Anonymous  
Published: October 2006

In the beginning, there was Volcano News, an interdisciplinary forum where volcanophiles of all stripes—4professional and amateur, “hard” and “soft” scientists alike— could exchange information. Unfortunately, Volcano News became extinct when editor‐publisher Chuck Wood became involved in editing Volcanoes of North America.Janet Cullen Tanaka, a former contributing associate editor of Volcano News is planning the publication of a new interdisciplinary volcano newsletter to cover all facets of volcano studies, from geophysics to emergency management.
1992 STEP Symposium
Authors: Lui Tony 
Published: October 2006

The year 1992 marks the quincentenary jubilee of the famous voyage of Christopher Columbus to the New World, a trip which initiated sustained contact between Europe and the American continent. Courageous explorations often lead to advancement of mankind, be they in uncharted territory or science. As much as Columbus was unaware of what lay in store for his voyage, we were just as poorly informed about what lay beyond our home planet when we began space exploration about three decades ago. There is much similarity among the pioneering spirits characteristic of both endeavors. It is thus fitting to celebrate this quincentenary occasion by declaring 1992 International Space Year (ISY).In conjunction with the COSPAR Meeting and the International Convention of the World Space Congress to be held in Washington, D.C., from August to September 1992, a 4‐day symposium on the initial results from the Solar‐Terrestrial Energy Program (STEP) Facilities and Theory Campaigns will be held at Johns Hopkins University, Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, Md., August 24–27. 1992.
Indian Ocean ODP Campaign discussed
Authors: Rea David K. 
Published: October 2006

Cardiff, U.K., in July to draw together individual results of the nine‐leg Ocean Drilling Project (ODP) campaign in the Indian Ocean (1987–1988) into ocean‐wide syntheses. The convener of the meeting was Robert Duncan of Oregon State University.Keynote addresses were designed to reacquaint conferees with the goals and achievements of the nine‐leg Indian Ocean program. Roland Schlish reported on results of the ODP Indian Ocean drilling program; Jean‐Yves Royer on paleogeographic reconstructions of the Indian Ocean; Warren Prell on development of the Arabian monsoons; Robert Duncan on life cycle of Indian Ocean hotspots; Sherwood Wise on Antarctic to sub‐Antarctic paleoceanography; Ulrich Von Rad and Felix Gradstein on ocean evolution from Tethys to the Indian Ocean; Jeffrey Weissel on intraplate deformation in the central Indian Ocean; Henry Dick on oceanic lithosphere layer 3, Indian Ocean Site 735; and Robert Kidd on progress of the PALIOS project: DSDP to ODP synthesis. A poster session illuminating the results of about 20 research efforts by some conferees on Indian Ocean ODP topics was also held.