bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Information-theoretical Model for Breast Cancer Detection
Authors: Blokh D. , Zurgil N. , Stambler I. , Afrimzon E. , Shafran Y. , Korech E. , Sandbank J. , Deutsch M. 
Published: June 2008

Summary

Objectives:
Formal diagnostic modeling is an important line of modern biological and medical research. The construction of a formal diagnostic model consists of two stages: first, the estimation of correlation between model parameters and the disease under consideration; and second, the construction of a diagnostic decision rule using these correlation estimates. A serious drawback of current diagnostic models is the absence of a unified mathematical methodological approach to implementing these two stages. The absence of aunified approach makesthe theoretical/biomedical substantiation of diagnostic rules difficult and reduces the efficacyofactual diagnostic model application.
Methods:
The present study constructs a formal model for breast cancer detection. The diagnostic model is based on information theory. Normalized mutual information is chosen as the measure of relevance between parameters and the patterns studied. The “nearest neighbor” rule is utilized for diagnosis, while the distance between elements is the weighted Hamming distance. The model concomitantly employs cellular fluorescence polarization as the quantitative input parameter and cell receptor expression as qualitative parameters.

Results:
Twenty-four healthy individuals and 34 patients (not including the subjects analyzed for the model construction) were tested by the model. Twenty-three healthy subjects and 34 patients were correctly diagnosed.

Conclusions:
The proposed diagnostic model is an open one,i.e.it can accommodate new additional parameters, which may increase its effectiveness.
Predictive Value of ICD-9-CM Codes Used in Vaccine Safety Research
Authors: Donahue J. G. , DeStefano F. , Baggs J. , Eriksen E. , Mullooly J. P. ,   for the VSD Data Quality Working Group
Published: June 2008

Summary

Objectives:
To assess how well selected ICD-9-CM diagnosis codes predict adverse events; to model bias and power loss when vaccine safety analyses rely on unverified codes.
Methods: We extracted chart verification data for ICD-9-CM diagnosis codes from six Vaccine Safety Datalink (VSD) publications and modeled biases and power losses using positive predictive value (PPV) estimates and ranges of code sensitivity.

Results:
Positive predictive values were high for type 1 diabetes (80%) in children, relative to WHO criteria, and intussusception (81%) in young children, relative to a standard published case definition. PPVs were moderate (65%) for inpatient and emergency department childhood seizures and low (21%) for outpatient childhood seizures, both relative to physician investigator judgment. Codes for incident central nervous system demyelinating disease in adults had high PPV for inpatient codes (80%) and low PPV for outpatient codes (42%) relative to physicians’ diagnoses. Modeled biases were modest, but large increases in frequencies of adverse events are required to achieve adequate power if unverified ICD-9-CM codes are used, especially when vaccine associations are weak.

Conclusions:
ICD-9-CM codes for type 1 diabetes in children, intussusception in young children, childhood seizures in inpatient and emergency care settings, and inpatient demyelinating disease in adults were sufficiently predictive for vaccine safety analyses to rely on unverified diagnosis codes. Adverse event misclassification should be accounted for in statistical power calculations.
Excess cohesive particulate matter removal at upflow settling conditions
Authors: Mazlum Nazire , Mazlum Süleyman , Alpaslan Mehmet Necdet 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe magnitude of excess particulate matter separation from a flocculated suspension at upflow settling conditions was predicted from the concentration distribution of batch settling data. The settling data pairs were fitted to modified population‐growth model. Settling surfaces at upflow operation were increased by inlaying pipes into the column and inclining it for 50°, 60°, 70 and 80° coinciding with 0.5563, 0.7152, 1.0455 and 2.0594 mm/s decreased surface hydraulic loading rates, respectively. The respective removal ratios observed at the applied loadings were 0.878, 0.848, 0.756 and 0.520, while the corresponding predicted efficiencies by mean value method were 0.865, 0.831, 0.773 and 0.512, respectively. It was demonstrated that removal predictions obtained from the batch settling tests were quite compatible with the observed removals of actual upflow operation. The investigation also demonstrated that concentration distribution of batch settling data heads successfully to predict the excess particulate matter removal at upflow settling. © 2008 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2008
Retikuläre Chemie metall‐organischer Polyeder
Authors: Tranchemontagne David J. , Ni Zheng , O'Keeffe Michael , Yaghi Omar M. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractMetall‐organische Polyeder (MOPs) sind diskrete metall‐organische molekulare Anordnungen. Sie werden als Wirtmaterialien eingesetzt, und es besteht die Möglichkeit, die Hohlräume innerhalb der Struktur bezüglich Größe, Funktionalität und Art der aktiven Metallzentren gezielt einzustellen. Als Folge hiervon kommen MOPs für eine Vielzahl von Anwendungen in Frage, z. B. als hoch selektive Speichermaterialien für Gase und andere Gastmoleküle oder als nanoskalige Reaktionsumgebungen (“Nanoreaktoren”). Dieser Aufsatz stellt die neun wichtigsten Polyeder vor und beschreibt die Entwurfsprinzipien für die fünf Arten von Polyedern, die am ehesten aus der Anordnung sekundärer Baueinheiten resultieren. Beispiele solcher Polyederformen, von denen die metall‐organischen Kristalle bekannt sind, werden vorgestellt.
Synthesis and characterization of oil sorbers based on docosanyl acrylate and methacrylates copolymers
Authors: Farag Reem K. , El‐Saeed Shimaa M. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractDocosanyl acrylate (DCA) monomer was copolymerized with different monomer feed ratios of cinnamoyloxy ethyl methacrylate (CEMA) or methyl methacrylate (MMA) monomer to produce different compositions for DCA/CEMA or DCA/MMA copolymer with low conversions.1H NMR spectroscopy was used to confirm the copolymer structure. DCA was crosslinked with different mol % of CEMA or MMA using dibenzoyl peroxide as initiator and various weight percentages of either 1,1,1‐trimethylolpropane triacrylates or 1,1,1‐trimethylolpropane trimethacrylates crosslinkers. The effects of monomer feed composition, crosslinker concentration, and the hydrophobicity of the copolymer units on swelling properties of the crosslinked polymers were studied through the oil absorbency tests. The network parameters, such as polymer solvent interaction (χ), effective crosslink density (υe), equilibrium modulus of elasticity (GT), and average molecular weight between crosslinks (Mc), were determined and correlated with the structure of the synthesized copolymers. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Generation of baculovirus vectors for the high‐throughput production of proteins in insect cells
Authors: Possee Robert D. , Hitchman Richard B. , Richards Kevin S. , Mann Susan G. , Siaterli Evangelia , Nixon Clare P. , Irving Helen , Assenberg Rene , Alderton David , Owens Raymond J. , King Linda A. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe baculovirus expression system is one of the most popular methods used for the production of recombinant proteins but has several complex steps which have proved inherently difficult to adapt to a multi‐parallel process. We have developed a bacmid vector that does not require any form of selection pressure to separate recombinant virus from non‐recombinant parental virus. The method relies on homologous recombination in insect cells between a transfer vector containing a gene to be expressed and a replication‐deficient bacmid. The target gene replaces a bacterial replicon at the polyhedrin loci, simultaneously restoring a virus gene essential for replication. Therefore, only recombinant virus can replicate facilitating the rapid production of multiple recombinant viruses on automated platforms in a one‐step procedure. Using this vector allowed us to automate the generation of multiple recombinant viruses with a robotic liquid handler and then rapidly screen infected insect cell supernatant for the presence of secreted proteins. Biotechnol. Bioeng. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) surface‐grafted chitosan membranes as a new substrate for cell sheet engineering and manipulation
Authors: da Silva Ricardo M.P. , López‐Pérez Paula M. , Elvira Carlos , Mano João F. , Román Julio San , Reis Rui L. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe immobilization of poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) on chitosan membranes was performed in order to render membranes with thermo‐responsive surface properties. The aim was to create membranes suitable for cell culture and in which confluent cell sheets can be recovered by simply lowering the temperature. The chitosan membranes were immersed in a solution of the monomer that was polymerized via radical initiation. The composition of the polymerization reaction solvent, which was a mixture of a chitosan non‐solvent (isopropanol) and a solvent (water), provided a tight control over the chitosan membranes swelling capability. The different swelling ratio, obtained at different solvent composition of the reaction mixture, drives simultaneously the monomer solubility and diffusion into the polymeric matrix, the polymerization reaction rate, as well as the eventual chain transfer to the side substituents of the pyranosyl groups of chitosan. A combined analysis of the modified membranes chemistry by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H‐NMR), Fourier transform spectroscopy with attenuated total reflection (FTIR‐ATR) and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) showed that it was possible to control the chitosan modification yield and depth in the solvent composition range between 75% and 100% of isopropanol. Plasma treatment was also applied to the original chitosan membranes in order to improve cell adhesion and proliferation. Chitosan membranes, which had been previously subjected to oxygen plasma treatment, were then modified by means of the previously described methodology. A human fetal lung fibroblast cell line was cultured until confluence on the plasma‐treated thermo‐responsive chitosan membranes and cell sheets were harvested lowering the temperature. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2008;101: 1321–1331. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Efficient resource discovery in self‐organized unstructured peer‐to‐peer networks
Authors: Liu Lu , Antonopoulos Nick , Mackin Stephen , Xu Jie , Russell Duncan 
Published: June 2008

AbstractIn unstructured peer‐to‐peer (P2P) networks, two autonomous peer nodes can be connected if users in those nodes are interested in each other's data. Owing to the similarity between P2P networks and social networks, where peer nodes can be regarded as people and connections can be regarded as relationships, social strategies are useful for improving the performance of resource discovery by self‐organizing autonomous peers on unstructured P2P networks. In this paper, we present an efficient social‐like peer‐to‐peer (ESLP) method for resource discovery by mimicking different human behaviours in social networks. ESLP has been simulated in a dynamic environment with a growing number of peer nodes. From the simulation results and analysis, ESLP achieved better performance than current methods. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The utility of Pax‐2 as an immunohistochemical marker for renal cell carcinoma in cytopathology
Authors: Gokden Neriman , Kemp Susan A. , Gokden Murat 
Published: June 2008

AbstractPax‐2 is a homeogene expressed during kidney development. Its expression in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has been previously evaluated in histologic samples with a high sensitivity and specificity. Here, we investigated the utility of Pax‐2 immunohistochemistry (IHC) for RCC in cytologic material, in comparison with a variety of other neoplasms. Pax‐2 IHC was performed on cell block sections of 33 RCCs (14 primary, 19 metastatic) and 35 non‐RCC malignancies, including 26 carcinomas, five mesenchymal tumors, one neuroblastoma, two melanomas, and one lymphoma, from fine‐needle aspirations and body fluids. The presence or absence of nuclear staining and its intensity and distribution in positive cases were evaluated. Of 33 RCCs, Pax‐2 was positive in 20 (61%) and negative in 13 (39%). All staining was nuclear, with an admixture of weakly or strongly staining nuclei. Only an endometrial adenocarcinoma was positive in the non‐RCC group. The sensitivity and specificity of Pax‐2 IHC for RCC were 61 and 97%, respectively. Pax‐2 is a moderately sensitive and highly specific marker for RCC in cytologic material, with a lower sensitivity compared with tissue sections, likely due to a patchy expression pattern, and should be included in the immunohistochemical work‐up of malignancies. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2008;36:473–477. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fine‐needle aspiration cytology in the follow‐up of Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Zeppa Pio , Picardi Marco , Cozzolino Immacolata , Troncone Giancarlo , Lucariello Antonio , De Renzo Amalia , Pane Fabrizio , Rotoli Bruno , Vetrani Antonio , Palombini Lucio 
Published: June 2008

AbstractHodgkin lymphoma (HL) is characterized by long survival and risk of relapse and second neoplasm. The aim of this study is to evaluate the possibility of improving the accuracy of fine‐needle cytology (FNC) in HL follow‐up using Power Doppler ultrasound (US) assistance and immediate microscopic evaluation (ICE).The study was performed in two consecutive groups of 200 FNC in HL patients. In the first group FNC of palpable lymph‐nodes or extra lymph‐nodal masses were performed without US assistance except for impalpable and/or deep located masses (nonassisted group); In the second group, all the FNC were performed under Power Doppler US assistance with ICE and immediately repeated in inadequate cases (assisted group). Cytological diagnoses were controlled by histology (61) or clinical follow‐up (69); sensitivity and specificity were calculated in the two groups and to evaluate the effect of Power Doppler alone, adequate cases were compared with the total number of FNC in each of the two groups.FNC identified 90 negative cases, 3 false negatives, 70 HL relapse, 16 inadequate and 14 suspicious; second neoplasia were diagnosed in 12 cases and all histologically confirmed. Sensitivity and specificity were 64 and 84% in the nonassisted group and 86 and 94% in the assisted group and there were significant differences between the number of adequate cases v.s. the total number of FNC in each of the two groups.Sensitivity and specificity in assisted FNC are higher than in nonassisted ones. The main advantage of assisted FNC in the follow‐up of HL is to produce accurate diagnoses avoiding invasive biopsies. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2008;36:467–472. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Shared psychopathology in obese subjects with and without binge‐eating disorder
Authors: Ramacciotti Carla E. , Coli Elisabetta , Bondi Emi , Burgalassi Annalisa , Massimetti Gabriele , Dell'Osso Liliana 
Published: June 2008

AbstractObjective:To investigate obese people with/without binge‐eating Disorder (BED) in terms of shared psychopathological features pertaining to spectrum of eating disorders.Method:One‐hundred obese adult patients with a BMI > 30 kg/m2 referred to an Eating Disorder Unit and/or hospital weight‐loss programs were administered the BED Clinical Interview, the Eating Disorder Inventory, and the Structured Clinical Interview for Anorexic‐Bulimic Spectrum, Self‐Report.Results:Twenty‐seven subjects satisfied DSM‐IV research criteria for current BED; compared to nonbingeing obese subjects, BED ones were characterized by greater weight‐shape concerns influencing self‐esteem (p = .05), overall impairment due to the overweight condition (p < .005), psychological distress leading to professional help (p < .001), dichotomous reasoning (p = .01) and secondary social phobia due to the overweight condition (p < .005). Compared to the other group, BED obese subjects scored higher at the following EDI subscales: bulimia (p < .0001), ineffectiveness (p < .01), interoceptive awareness and social insecurity (p < .05).Conclusion:The results of this study highlight the role of cognitive mechanisms such as dichotomous reasoning and weight‐shape concerns unduly influencing self‐esteem as a hallmark of BED in obese patients, and the importance of investigating eating disorder psychopathology by adopting a dimensional perspective, rather than strictly focusing on categories when dealing with obese patients. © 2008 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2008
Males assessed by a specialized adult eating disorders service: Patterns over time and comparisons with females
Authors: Button Eric , Aldridge Sarah , Palmer Robert 
Published: June 2008

AbstractObjective:In view of previous inconsistencies and the limited literature on males with eating disorders, we aimed to examine changes in presentation rates over time and any differences between males and females.Method:In a cohort of 2,554 new patients assessed by a specialized service for adults over a 21‐year period, we examined rates by gender over time. We also carried out a detailed comparison of selected clinical and demographic variables on a series of 65 males and females matched by diagnosis and date of assessment.Results:Approximately 5% of patients were male and there was no evidence of a change in presentation rate by gender over time. Males were more likely to be diagnosed as not having a clinical eating disorder and less likely to abuse laxatives, but otherwise there was little difference in clinical presentation.Conclusion:Eating disorders continue to present predominantly in females and the proportion of males remains broadly stable. © 2008 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2008
High risk of osteoporosis in male patients with eating disorders
Authors: Mehler Philip S. , Sabel Allison L. , Watson Tureka , Andersen Arnold E. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractObjective:Osteoporosis has traditionally been considered a female problem. This study's purpose is to evaluate bone mineral density (BMD) in males with eating disorders.Method:Charts of 70 consecutive males admitted to an eating disorder program were reviewed. Females admitted during the same time period were used for comparison. BMD was measured by dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry.Results:Thirty‐six percent (19/53) had osteopenia and 26% (14/53) had osteoporosis at the lumbar spine. A disproportionate number of males with anorexia restricting or binge/purge subtype (ANR/ANB) had osteoporosis, as well as those of older age, lower weights, and longer illness duration. BMD for ANR and ANB males was significantly lower than females (p = .02 and p = .03, respectively). In multivariate stepwise linear and logistic regression, lowest BMI and illness duration predicted lumbar Z‐scores.Conclusion:Males with ANR/ANB often have severe bone disease, which is worse than females, and is best predicted by a patient's lowest BMI and illness duration. © 2008 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2008
Solvent Effect in the Synthesis of Sialosyl α(2–6) Galactosides: Is Acetonitrile the only Choice?
Authors: De Meo Cristina , Farris Michael , Ginder Nathan , Gulley Bonnie , Priyadarshani Uvege , Woods Matthew 
Published: June 2008

AbstractIn spite of notable achievements for the synthesis of α‐sialosides that have been made in the past decades, sialylation reactions often require low temperatures (–40 to –78 °C) and the use of acetonitrile as a solvent. Herein we report that a C‐5 oxazolidinone sialosyl donor gives high yields andstereoselectivities in the presence of dichloromethane and/or tetrahydrofuran at 0 °C. Surprisingly, high stereoselectivities and yields are obtained even at ambient temperature in tetrahydrofuran.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Influence of species and rain event characteristics on stemflow volume in a temperate mixed oak–beech stand
Authors: André Frédéric , Jonard Mathieu , Ponette Quentin 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThis study aimed at analysing the effects of biological and meteorological factors on stemflow generation in a temperate mixed oak (Quercus petraea Liebl.) and beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) stand. A statistical model was developed to predict single‐event individual stemflow volume from trunk circumference and rainfall depth allowing mechanistic stemflow parameters to be deduced from the model, namely stemflow rates (SFrate), storage of water on tree organs (St) and rainfall thresholds for stemflow (RFmin). SFrate and St increased with increasing trunk circumference while RFmin was not significantly influenced by tree size. RFmin and, for a given tree size, St were higher for oak than for beech, and inversely for SFrate. For each species, RFmin was higher for the leaved season than for the leafless period, while the opposite was found for SFrate, and St was not significantly affected by the season. Increasing wind speed during rain increased SFrate, lowered RFmin and did not influence St. In contrast, St and RFmin tended, respectively, to decrease and to increase with increasing values of the ratio between the cumulated potential evaporation during the dry period preceding the rain event and the volume of the preceding rainfall (Eva pADP/Rprevious). Stemflow volume, which results from the combined effects of the previous parameters, was higher for beech than for oak and also higher during the leafless period than during the leaved period; these differences were large for the smallest events but decreased rapidly as rainfall depth increased. In addition, an enhancing and a depressing effect on stemflow volume were shown for the average wind speed during rain and for the ratio Eva pADP/Rprevious, respectively. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Arginase 2 is expressed by human lung cancer, but it neither induces immune suppression, nor affects disease progression
Authors: Rotondo Rita , Mastracci Luca , Piazza Tiziana , Barisione Gaia , Fabbi Marina , Cassanello Michela , Costa Roberta , Morandi Barbara , Astigiano Simonetta , Cesario Alfredo , Sormani Maria P. , Ferlazzo Guido , Grossi Francesco , Ratto Giovanni B. , Ferrini Silvano , Frumento Guido 
Published: June 2008

AbstractIn human prostate cancer, Arginase 2 (ARG2) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) are concomitantly expressed by tumor cells, and induce tumor immune escape via peroxynitrite‐dependent Tyrosine nitrosylation. Since there were no data regarding this immune suppressive mechanism in other tumor types, and an evaluation of its clinical relevance in human tumors had still to be provided, we have investigated presence and clinical relevance of ARG2 and NOS expression in lung cancer. No evidence of NOS expression was found, no significant NOS enzymatic activity was detected. Instead, ARG2 protein was expressed by tumor cells. In a cohort of 120 patients, the amount of ARG2‐positive tumor cells was significantly higher in small cell lung cancers (SCLC) than in non‐small cell lung cancers (NSCLC). Large cell undifferentiated carcinomas had twice ARG2 than the other NSCLC subtypes. ARG2 expression was increased in Grade 3 tumors, as compared to Grades 1 and 2. However, no relationship was found with tumor size and stage, and with patient survival. Indeed, the enzyme was active, since the Arginine catabolite Ornithine was produced, but Arginine depletion was not attained. In addition, nitrotyrosine was not found in tumor tissue. Accordingly, when tumor cells isolated from lung cancer were incubated with activated autologous T cells, no inhibition of proliferation was detected. Our results indicate that ARG2 is expressed in lung cancer, but it does not induce tumor immune escape and does not affect disease progression, most probably due to the lack of concomitant NOS expression. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.