bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Real-Time Well Constraint Detection Using an Intelligent Surveillance System
Authors: Sinha R. , Songchitruksa P. , Ambade A. , Ramachandran S. , Ramanathan V. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Engineering resources are stretched in a field with large-scale operations. Well performance issues are often overlooked, given the high number of wells generating a large volume of data. We developed an advanced intelligent surveillance system to detect common field problems and constraints faster, thereby reducing the time to analyze and diagnose events contributing to well underperformance and reducing the overall time for field engineers to act.
Combining industry expertise with data science techniques and machine learning, a series of workflows were constructed to detect well constraints proactively. The well constraints included hydrate formation, crown valve issues, water-cut increase, flowline blockage, wellhead valve malfunction, scale formation, and nonflowing wells. A detection rate of at least 88% and an accuracy of at least 80% were achieved for all the constraint categories for which the models were built. Most labeled events were detected successfully, and the models also produced several new events in the historical data that were not documented through regular manual analysis, later verified to be genuine well constraints. The underperformance conditions in the study were identified as small changes in well behavior that occur through time and are difficult to detect with a non-digital process, even in trained teams, with human surveillance limitations and errors. The system drastically reduced the response time for taking action in the field, giving operators considerable reduction in well downtime and hydrocarbon production.
Several machine learning classification models were evaluated, including regression-based and tree-based techniques to detect real-time operational constraints. A logistic classification model was selected for its strength in interpretability, feature evaluation using statistical confidence, real-time execution efficiency, and robust model implementation. Clues in data patterns assisted in the data labeling process by analyzing the historical time-series data and iteratively verifying with the subject matter experts. Feature engineering techniques were used in both time and frequency domains in a machine learning technique that generates output in terms of event probabilities.
Chemical Tracing Diagnostic Application for Monitoring Flow Contribution in Unstimulated Open Hole Multi-Lateral Wells Utilizing An Engineered Solid Carrier
Authors: Mombourquette C. , Martinez A. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The oil and gas industry approaches field development in many ways. One approach is to drill and produce unstimulated open-hole horizontal multilateral (also referred to as multileg) wells. The Clearwater formation, among others in the Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin (WCSB) is an excellent example of this strategy. A method to positively determine flow contribution from each leg has been historically lacking. An innovative approach, using existing tracer technology is now available to provide these insights.
As drilling is completed for each lateral leg, a unique oil soluble tracer, chemically bonded to a resin (sand-like) solid carrier is displaced out the drilling string while pulling out of hole. This tracer is normally spotted in the toe region to provide toe flow monitoring; Occasionally, a second unique tracer is spotted halfway through the same leg for mid leg flow monitoring. Volumetric calculations estimate required volumes for displacement. This process is repeated with unique tracers for each displacement. Hydrocarbon samples collected at surface upon initial production are analyzed for the presence of these tracers to assess contribution from each traced section.
Over the last three (3) years, oil tracers have been utilized in approximately two hundred (200) multilateral wells to monitor hydrocarbon contribution of each drilled/traced leg. On average these wells have six (6) legs but can range from two (2) to more than ten (&gt;10). Approximately one thousand two hundred (1,200) individual lateral legs have been traced and monitored. Oil sample analyses results have provided indication of which legs contribute initial flow, or present partial or total leg integrity concerns.
While sampling schedules are typically designed for three (3) months of monitoring, oil soluble tracers are detectable in produced hydrocarbon for periods ranging from weeks to months, depending mainly on production rates. Tracer concentrations provide a relative productivity assessment of each leg over time. Overall, the deployment of oil tracers with a solid carrying mechanism in unstimulated open hole multilateral wells has provided operators with an efficient strategy to verify hydrocarbon contribution from each individual leg.
Future work to increase value of this diagnostic application aims to integrate tracer characteristic performance of each multilateral well with its production, drilling, and subsurface datasets, to identify patterns and correlations between datasets to assist operators in their development plans. Additionally, future work aims to extend the tracer detection window to allow for monitoring multilateral wells that present elevated borehole collapse risk beyond the initial months of flow.
Mining a Liquid: Case Study for Resource Evaluation Methodology in a Confined Saline Aquifer, Bashaw District, Central Alberta, Canada
Authors: Pugh K. , Kennedy J. , Morris N. , Haluszka A. , Abbey D. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Confined saline aquifers, often associated with hydrocarbon production, are an emerging source of lithium in the global market. They represent a new type of deposit, and there is a need to develop standards and guidelines for resource and reserve estimation to account for the unique characteristics and challenges of these deposits.
This case study demonstrates the application of a new methodology for estimating resource volumes for confined saline aquifers, drawing on technical reports completed for the purposes of Canadian securities and exchange regulations in 2022-2023. As confined saline aquifers are often associated with hydrocarbon production, this methodology is of value for both existing oil and gas companies (who may have mineral resource present in their associated water production) and emerging mineral companies seeking to develop brine-hosted lithium projects.
Developing A ChatGPT for PDO Standard Specification
Authors: Al Kalbani F. K. , Al Faraei S. , Al Mashani A. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The advancement of digital platforms and natural language processing technologies has led to the development of innovative solutions aimed at enhancing access to information. This abstract introduces PDO ChatGPT, a system designed to facilitate streamlined access to international standards, procedures, guidelines, and specifications through a user-friendly interface. Leveraging Streamlit as the frontend and OpenAI's Language Model (LLM) as the backend, PDO ChatGPT offers users an interactive platform where they can upload PDF specification files. Upon upload, the system extracts text content, segments it into manageable chunks, and employs embedding techniques to create a semantic index within a knowledge base. When users raise inquiries through the Streamlit portal, their queries undergo embedding and initiate a search in the semantic index. The system retrieves the most relevant embedded chunks based on similarity scores, compiles coherent responses, and presents them within the Streamlit chat interface. This methodology combines PDF processing, semantic indexing, and real-time query processing to deliver immediate and accurate information tailored to user queries. PDO ChatGPT stands as an innovative tool bridging the gap between complex documentation and accessible, on-demand knowledge retrieval for users seeking specific information from extensive standards and guidelines.
Mobilization and thinning of cratonic lithosphere by a lower mantle slab
Authors: Hua Junlin , Grand Steve , Becker Thorsten , Janiszewski Helen , Liu Chujie , Trugman Daniel , Zhu Hejun 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Continental cratons are characterized by thick lithospheric roots that remain intact for billions of years. However, some cratonic roots appear to have been thinned or completely removed, with the reasons for such thinning being debated. In this study, we obtain a high-resolution full-waveform seismic tomographic model for North America which newly illuminates ongoing craton-thinning. Extensive drip-like transport of lithosphere is imaged from the base of the craton beneath the central United States to the mantle transition zone. Geodynamical modeling suggests that such dripping may be mobilized by the sinking of the deep Farallon slab, whose associated mantle flow can drag material at the base of the craton from afar to the dripping location. There, lithospheric material can descend within the ambient downward mantle flow, even though the slab is presently in the lower mantle. Dripping lithosphere could be further facilitated by prior lithospheric weakening such as due to volatiles released from the slab. Our findings show how cratonic lithosphere can be altered by external forces, and that subduction can play a key role in craton mobilization and thinning even when slabs are at great depths in the mantle.
Prevalence of defects and fractures in nickel-titanium instruments after single use in patients
Authors: Oliveira Patrícia Santos , Pereira Kamyla Costa , Dourado Letícia Gomes , Grazziotin-Soares Renata , Bauer José , Carvalho Edilausson Moreno , Maia-Filho Etevaldo Matos , Ferreira Meire Coelho , Carvalho Ceci Nunes 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
We investigated defects and fractures in nickel-titanium, engine-driven, endodontic instruments/files that had been single-used in patients` mandibular and maxillary molars. A total of 169 instruments [n = 113 ProTaper Next® (PTN) (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland), and n = 56 Reciproc® (R) (VDW, Munich, Germany)] were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy. A single operator had used the instruments under a standardized protocol in one patient`s molar. Two trained and calibrated evaluators analysed three locations for each instrument. For non-fractured instruments, each location/third (apical/medium/coronal) received one of the classifications: i) intact (no plastic deformation/no defect), or ii) crack and/or deformation/unwinding. For fractured instruments, the area of fracture was classified in: i) cyclic fatigue mode, or ii) shear mode (torsional fatigue). Chi-square test calculated frequency of defects. PTN and R presented the same low frequency of defects after one clinical use in patients` molars by the same dentist. Defects appear equally in apical, medium, and coronal – except for X3 PTN that had more defects in the coronal part. Only one clinical fracture occurred, with an X3 PTN instrument: a torsional fatigue fracture originated in a crack. It is appropriate to use either PTN or R, in a single use, to treat root canals of patients` molars.
Non-reciprocal phase transition enables swarming motility in biological active matter
Authors: Kocabas Askin , Ozdemir Sahin , Basaran Mustafa , Yüce Tevfik , Kecebas Ali , Altın Baha , Yaman Yusuf , Demir Esin , Kocabas Coskun 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Nonreciprocal interactions break action-reaction symmetry in systems of interacting bodies. This process inevitably introduces non-Hermitian dynamics which with its hallmark signature called exceptional points (EPs) has been a subject of intense research across different disciplines ranging from photonics to metamaterials. Whether non-Hermiticity and EPs are a fundamental property of nature and if so, how nature utilizes them to gain competitive advantage have remained largely unanswered. Although biological systems feature many examples of non-reciprocal interactions with the potential to drive non-Hermitian dynamics, these are often theoretically overlooked and not experimentally investigated. Here, we demonstrate in an active matter composed of social animal Caenorhabditis elegans and bacteria, non-Hermitian dynamics, and the emergence of EPs owing to the nonreciprocal nature of oxygen sensing, nonequilibrium interfacial current, and bacterial consumption. We observed that when driven through the EP, the system collectively breaks parity-time (PT) symmetry leading to traveling waves and arrested phase separation. We further find that these features enable the collective ability to localize interfaces between broken and exact PT-phases. Remarkably, this ability provides a strong evolutionary advantage to animals living in soil. Altogether our results provide mechanistic insights into the detailed symmetries controlling the collective response of biological systems; answer a long-standing problem; and give an example of the EP-enabled dynamics in a biological system.
Knowledge and Attitudes of Personalized Medicine, Genetic Testing, and Health Data Sharing: A Comprehensive Survey in the general public of the European Union
Authors: Causio Francesco Andrea , Beccia Flavia , Calabrò Giovanna Elisa , Kreeftenberg Loes Lindiwe , Pastorino Roberta , El Carla , Boccia Stefania 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Personalized medicine, leveraging genetic, environmental, and lifestyle data, has transformed healthcare by tailoring prevention, diagnosis, and treatment to individual patients. The successful implementation of personalized approaches relies on the public's awareness and proficiency in personalized medicine, enabling access to innovative techniques and fostering a willingness to share health-related data. During two weeks in April 2023, we distributed an online survey to 6,581 respondents from 8 EU countries, including France, Germany, the Netherlands, Italy, Spain, Poland, Hungary, and Romania. The survey investigated the general public’s knowledge of personalized medicine, support for implementing genetic testing in their healthcare system, and willingness to share health data. We built three indicators from survey questions and investigated their association with each other and the respondent’s gender, age, geographical area of origin, and education level. 52.5% of respondents were female (n = 3,458), with a mean age of 48.5 years (range 18–89 years, median = 49 years, SD = 15.96), and 37.91% of the participants reported achieving tertiary education. 12.11% of respondents had a high compound knowledge of the topics. Knowledge levels, however, vary among the included countries (highest in the Netherlands at 18.87%, lowest in France at 7.44%). 81.5%, instead, supported the implementation of diagnostic or therapeutic applications of genetic testing in their healthcare systems, and nuanced differences in acceptance were observed based on testing purposes. Over half of the respondents (52.35%) reported willingness to share health data for altruistic use. Both support for implementing genetic testing and the desire to share health data correlated positively with knowledge and education levels. Geographical differences within the EU highlighted variations in attitudes toward personalized medicine and data sharing, with respondents from Southern Europe displaying higher odds than their peers in Central and Eastern Europe. The results emphasize the need for targeted communication and education strategies to enhance public understanding and trust in personalized medicine and health data sharing.
Radiomics Models Identifying Dementia in Patients with Normal Age-Related Hippocampal Atrophy: A study based on Machine Learning
Authors: Yang Xiao-Li , Huang Sheng-Wen , Luo Yu-Fan , Li Chen , Wang Yuan-Yuan , Huang Huang-Huang , Wang Meng-Xiang , Lu Wen-Mei , Zong Ping-Ping , Zeng Hu-Lie , Wu Dan-Hong 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background: Our study aimed to employ a machine learning models based on radiomics for automated dementia identification in cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) patients with normal age-related hippocampal atrophy (HA).
Methods: CSVD patients were divided randomly into training and validation sets in a 6:4 ratio. Bilateral hippocampus segmented based on T2 and FLAIR were used for radiomics. Dementia radiomics models (T2 model, T2FLAIR model, T2-T2FLAIR model) were developed in the training sets and was further verified in the validation sets. The rad_score from the best models, along with clinical factors, was integrated to construct clinic-radiomics models for dementia through multifactor logistic regression analysis.
Results: 116 CSVD patients were recruited, 30 patients were dementia and 86 patients were non-dementia. In predicting dementia in the training and validation sets, the area under curves (AUC) were 0.811 and 0.779 for the T2 model, 0.807 and 0.755 for the T2FLAIR model, and 0.864 and 0.801 for the T2-T2FLAIR model. In the overall 116 patients, the AUCs were 0.801 for of the T2 model, 0.783 for the T2FLAIR model, and 0.840 for the T2FLAIR model. No statistical differences were found among the three models. Given the highest AUC value in the T2-FLAIR model, converting the rad-score into binary T2-FLAIR (No, Yes) revealed a correlation between a 'Yes' response and dementia (OR = 13.21, 95% CI 3.487−59.922, p < 0.001) after adjusting for risk factors.
Conclusion: Radiomic analysis of the hippocampus in T2-FLAIR images can effectively identify dementia in CSVD patients with normal age-related HA.
Considering the importance of ‘Communities of Practice’ and Health Promotion Constructs for Upstream Suicide Prevention
Authors: Wexler Lisa , Ginn Joel , White Lauren , Schmidt Tara , Rataj Suzanne , Wells Caroline C. , Schultz Katie , Kapoulea Eleni A. , McEachern Diane , Habecker Patrick , Laws Holly 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
Suicide is a serious and growing health inequity for Alaska Native (AN) youth (ages 15–24), who experience suicide rates significantly higher than the general U.S. youth population. In low-resourced, remote communities, building on the local and cultural resources found in remote AN communities to increase uptake of prevention behaviors like lethal means reduction, interpersonal support, and postvention can be more effective at preventing suicide than a risk-referral process. This study expands the variables we hypothesize as important for reducing suicide risk and supporting wellbeing. These variables are: 1) perceived suicide prevention self-efficacy, 2) perceived wellness self-efficacy, and 3) developing a ‘community of practice’ (CoP) for prevention/wellness work.
Method
With a convenience sample (N = 398) of participants (ages 15+) in five remote Alaska Native communities, this study characterizes respondents’ social roles: institutional role if they have a job that includes suicide prevention (e.g. teachers, community health workers) and community role if their primary role is based on family or community positioning (e.g. Elder, parent). The cross-sectional analysis then explores the relationship between respondents’ wellness and prevention self-efficacy and CoP as predictors of their self-reported suicide prevention and wellness promotion behaviors: (1) working together with others (e.g. community initiatives), (2) offering interpersonal support to someone, (3) reducing access to lethal means, and (4) reducing suicide risk for others after a suicide death in the community.
Results
Community and institutional roles are vital, and analyses detected distinct patterns linking our dependent variables to different preventative behaviors. Findings associated wellness self-efficacy and CoP (but not prevention self-efficacy) with ‘working together’ behaviors, wellness and prevention self-efficacy (but not CoP) with interpersonal supportive behaviors; both prevention self-efficacy and CoP with higher postvention behaviors. Only prevention self-efficacy was associated with lethal means reduction.
Conclusions
The study widens the scope of suicide prevention. Promising approaches to suicide prevention in rural low-resourced communities include: (1) engaging people in community and institutional roles, (2) developing communities of practice for suicide prevention among different sectors of a community, and (3) broadening the scope of suicide prevention to include wellness promotion as well as suicide prevention.
Survey on nurse-physician communication gaps: diagnostic concerns and reasons for silence
Authors: Miyagami Taiju , Watari Takashi , Nishizaki Yuji , Sekine Miwa , Shigetomi Kyoko , Miwa Mamoru , Chopra Vineet , Naito Toshio 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Diagnosis improvement requires physician-nurse collaboration. This study explored nurses’ concerns regarding physicians’ diagnoses and how they were communicated to physicians. This cross-sectional study, employing a web-based questionnaire, included nurses registered on Japan’s largest online media site from June 26, 2023, to July 31, 2023. The survey inquired whether participants felt concerned about a physician’s diagnosis within a month, if they communicated their concerns once they arose, and, if not, their reasons. The reasons for not being investigated were also examined. The nurses’ frequency of feeling concerned about a physician’s diagnosis and the barriers to communicating these concerns to the physician were evaluated. Overall, 430 nurses answered the survey (female, 349 [81.2%]; median age, 45 [35–51] years; median years of experience, 19 [12–25]). Of the nurses, 61.2% experienced concerns about a physician’s diagnosis within the past month; 52.5% felt concerned but could not communicate this to the physician. The most common reasons for not communicating included concern about the physician’s pride, being ignored when communicating, and the nurse not believing that a diagnosis should be made. Our results highlight the need to foster psychologically safe workplaces for nurses and create educational programs encouraging nurse involvement in diagnosis.
Cosmic-ray arrival time (CAT) indoor navigation in the World Geodetic System
Authors: Tanaka Hiroyuki K.M. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Indoor positioning system (IPS) technologies have a wide range of applications; however, three major limitations associated with currently used IPS technologies are: (1) weak penetration strength of signals to penetrate building materials, inhibiting seamless connection of outdoor coordinates to indoor coordinates; hence these technologies rely on local coordinates, making them incompatible with the world geodetic system (WGS84) and universal traceability, (2) active source signals that require beacons to transmit navigation signals. In contrast, the muometric positioning system utilizes naturally abundant cosmic-ray muons signals to compensate for some of these setbacks. However, its main practical challenges are: (1) the low signal rate (~1 per 10 days for laptop-sized receivers horizontally located 50 m apart from each other) and (2) the requirement for large reference detectors (> 4 m2) above the receiver to track cosmic ray precipitation. In this work, an alternative concept called CAT navigation, which relies on the extended air shower time structure for higher rate positioning (without requiring reference detectors) is first proposed and demonstrated; it located receivers placed on the ground floors of multiple buildings (within WGS84) in conditions where other IPS methods are difficult to apply. The resultant positioning accuracy was 3-4 m (at 50 m apart), which is reasonably accurate for GPS -IPS seamless bridging, and with a laptop sized receiver the averaged positioning signal update rate was (683 s)-1 which can be improved to (170 s)-1 with a future upgrade of the data gathering electronics. By integrating CAT receivers into GPS equipped smartphones, it is anticipated that this GPS -CAT hybrid method will seamlessly connect multi-users’ coordinates from outdoor to indoor environments.