bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Deep-Water Glauconitization Process on the Ivory Coast—Ghana Marginal Ridge (ODP Site 959): Determination of Fe3+-Rich Montmorillonite in Green Grains
Authors: Wiewióra A. , Giresse P. , Petit S. , Wilamowski A. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe mineral and chemical composition of green glauconitic grains from ODP Site 959 (2100 m water depth) located on the northern flank of the Ivory Coast—Ghana Marginal Ridge was studied. Recurrent winnowing of a 20 m thick Pleistocene succession resulted in a low accumulation rate and stratigraphic hiatuses. The green clay material typically occurs as fillings in the chambers of pelagic foraminifers. The amount of green clay present in sediments older than 1 Ma is small, and greater in younger material. Mud composed of smectite, kaolinite, traces of mica, calcite and quartz was the precursor material that filled the chambers of the foraminifers. Processes at the water-sediment interface slowly modified this composition. Kaolinite was dissolved; smectite lost Al but gained Fe, K and layer charge. In that matrix, the nanocrystals of neoformed smectite are observed. The infrared (IR) spectra showed OH-stretching and bending vibrations due to groups incorporating Fe3+. The spectra are in agreement with the crystallochemical formulae of Fe3+-rich montmorillonite as determined by point-by-point analyses on the neoformed crystallites and on the surrounding matrix. The layer charge in this Fe3+-rich montmorillonite is almost wholly octahedral as shown in crystallochemical formulae and documented independently by a new IR method. The tetrahedral charge appeared when the Fe content increased by > 1.2 Fe per formula unit. With the maturation process, the increased role of the closed layers is observed, with the color of grains becoming greener. We have documented for the first time glauconitization proceeding at a depth of 2100 m at a temperature near 3°C. The most important factors of the process are: accumulation of terrigenous clayey material in the foraminiferal chambers, Fe supply from a nearby continent, and a lengthy residence at the water-sediment interface in the zone of the winnowing and low sediment accumulation rate.
Authigenic Phyllosilicates in the Middle Triassic Kremikovtsi Sedimentary Exhalative Siderite Iron Formation, Western Balkan, Bulgaria
Authors: Damyanov Zhelyazko , Vassileva Margarita 
Published: September 2006

AbstractTwo distinct assemblages of authigenic phyllosilicates were distinguished in the Kremikovtsi sedimentary exhalative (SEDEX) siderite iron formation (SIF) and noted as important tracers of two styles of mineralization characteristic of this type of ore deposit. Hydrothermal-sedimentary layer silicates are represented by rare occurrences of relict microcrystalline Mg-rich berthierine with a relatively low degree of structural ordering, associated closely with framboidal pyrite as an intergranular matrix cementing sparry siderite grains; the larger silicates are also represented by the diagenetic transformation product of berthierine, chamosite. Berthierine precipitated under anoxic conditions during advanced early diagenesis after chert deposition. Hydrothermal-epigenetic phyllosilicates (berthierine, chamosite, illite-smectite (I-S), and kaolinite) from the barite-sulfide assemblage are characterized by: crystalline and undeformed habits; relatively larger particle size, low-temperature polytypes, low to no mixed layering, and a high degree of crystallinity; absence of impurities and dominant monomineralic aggregates; affiliation to initial open spaces and deposition mainly as vug fillings and linings. They formed under pronounced control by the vuggy porosity of the siderite host caused by the invasion of acid (pH = 3–5), hot (200–230°C) hydrothermal fluids probably at the stage of burial diagenesis of the SIF under relatively stable reducing conditions fluctuating near the sulfide/sulfate stability boundary (logPO2≅−30). The greater Al concentration in hydrothermal solution than in seawater determines the affiliation of phyllosilicates in the Phanerozoic SEDEX SIFs to aluminous species (berthierine, chamosite) unlike low to non aluminous ones (greenalite, stilpnomelane) in the Precambrian IFs. The berthierine compositions, expressed by the Mg/Fe vs. Al/Si ratios, are a sensitive indicator of the geological conditions under which they formed (marine, non-marine, hydrothermal ore and pre-ore), thus allowing the genetic discrimination of this mineral from various localities.
Kaolinite to Halloysite-7 Å Transformation in the Kaolin Deposit of São Vicente De Pereira, Portugal
Authors: Bobos Iuliu , Duplay Joelle , Rocha João , Gomes Celso 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe transformation of kaolinite to halloysite-7 Å was identified in the kaolin deposit of São Vicente de Pereira (SVP), using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Both the 02, 1̄ and 13̄, 13 reflections show changes in the XRD patterns along the kaolinite to halloysite-7 Å transition, and the FTIR spectra show changes corresponding to both OH− and Si-O-stretching bands and Al-O-Si-bending vibrations. The interlayer water content in the kaolinite structure increases during transition. The two-layer periodicity of well-ordered kaolinite and rolling up of kaolinite plates are observed using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). Long and short tubes exhibit halloysite-7 Å. No structural Fe was found in the kaolinite samples. Analytical electron microscopy (AEM) indicates no substitution of Al3+ for Si4+. The Si/Al ratio shows values of ∼1 for the kaolinite and rolled kaolinite plates. The 27Al magic angle spinning neutron magnetic resonance (MAS-NMR) spectra display a resonance centered at ∼1 ppm, assigned to six-coordinated aluminum. The transformation of kaolinite to halloysite-7 Å is controlled by surface reaction.
Wine, Ethnography, and French History
Authors: Guy Kolleen M. 
Published: September 2006

Vintages and Traditions: An Ethnohistory of Southwest French Wine Cooperatives. Robert C. Ulin. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1996. Cultivating Dissent: Work, Identity, and Praxis in Rural Languedoc. Winnie Lem. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1999.
The Marian Symbolism of Spring, ca. 1200-ca. 1500: Two Case Studies
Authors: ROTHENBERG DAVID J. 
Published: September 2006

Abstract
As the season of earthly rebirth, spring in the high and late Middle Ages provided both an ideal setting for secular love songs and a symbolic underpinning for the liturgical season of Eastertide. With the Virgin Mary acting as a spiritual point of mediation, Eastertide liturgy and secular springtime song resonated symbolically with one another, a resonance seen nowhere more clearly than in polyphonic compositions in which Eastertide chants, Marian prayers, and secular springtime songs sound simultaneously. This essay presents two case studies that explore the confluence of these diverse elements within polyphonic music. The first examines thirteenth-century compositions on the widespread tenor In seculum, positing its origins in the Mass for Easter Sunday —and by extension its associations with spring—as the reason that it was used so often and combined with such diverse textual and musical materials as pastourelles, dances, courtly love songs, and Marian prayers. The second study examines the use of multiple cantus firmi in Isaac's Laudes salvatori (from Choralis Constantinus) and Josquin's Victimae paschali laudes, both paraphrase settings of Easter sequences that comment upon their primary cantus firmus by simultaneously quoting additional melodies. Isaac uses the chants Regina caeli and Victimae paschali laudes to emphasize the central role that Mary plays in the miracle of the Resurrection, while Joquin accomplishes this same goal by employing the well-known chansons D'ung aultre amer and De tous biens plaine as vernacular symbols of Christ and the Virgin Mary, respectively. The two case studies, taken together, illustrate a consistent mode of symbolic thought that endured for over three centuries.
From American Ethnographer to Cold War Icon: Charles Ives through the Eyes of Henry and Sidney Cowell
Authors: PAUL DAVID C. 
Published: September 2006

Abstract
Scholars have recognized that Henry Cowell was one of the most ardent promoters of Charles Ives, but the fact that Cowell's conception of Ives shifted over time has been overlooked. During the late twenties, Cowell portrayed Ives as a fundamentally social artist with the sensibilities of a musical ethnographer. By the fifties, in the writings Cowell coauthored with his wife Sidney, Ives came to be depicted as a paragon for the liberating power of individualism. Close scrutiny of Cowell's published writings, along with letters and manuscripts from the Henry Cowell Collection of the Music Division at the New York Public Library for the Performing Arts, reveals the factors that influenced this transition. Béla Bartók's theories about folk music authenticity were the impetus behind Cowell's earliest conception of Ives. Cowell maintained that Ives had created a definitively American art music by transcribing the performance idiosyncrasies of American folk musicians. The anxieties of the Cold War and a writing partnership with his wife caused Cowell to stress Ives's commitment to the individualism espoused by transcendentalist philosophers. The Cowells no longer equated Ives's Americanness with his ability to transcribe local practice, but instead with his solitary pursuit of the “Universal Mind.”
Enzyme‐Immobilized Surface‐Catalyzed Cross‐Linking: Creating Multifunctional Double Network Hydrogel Coatings on Diverse Substrates
Authors: Ren Xingrong , Zhang Jiayi , Yang Fan , Xu Hong , Guo Gaoyang , Wang Yunbing 
Published: March 2024

AbstractHydrogel coatings, with natural tissue‐like mechanical and biological compatibility, demonstrate promise for bulk material applications. However, existing coating methods lack efficiency and control, especially when dealing with complex geometries, diverse substrate materials, and varying sizes. In this study, an enzyme‐immobilized surface‐catalyzed cross‐link approach is proposed for the growth of hydrogel coatings on multiple substrates, accommodating various materials and shapes. The hydrogel coating is formed through the catalytic action of interface‐immobilized enzymes, which induce the crosslinking of hyaluronic acid, and its mechanical properties are further enhanced by introducing a secondary polyacrylamide network. This approach enables the controlled growth of conformal double network hydrogel coatings with a desired thickness on a wide range of substrate surfaces and devices. Notably, the hydrogel coating exhibits remarkable lubricity and anti‐thrombotic properties, especially desire for medical intervention devices. This advancement offers a universal route to impart biocompatible soft interfaces to bulk materials or devices.
Single‐Layer Carbon Nitride as an Efficient Metal‐Free Organic Electron‐Transport Material with a Tunable Work Function
Authors: Saboor Abdus , Stroyuk Oleksandr , Raievska Oleksandra , Liu Chao , Hauch Jens , Brabec Christoph J. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSingle‐layer carbon nitride (SLCN) is introduced as a metal‐free organic electron transport material (ETL) for organic solar cells, delivering a performance comparable to that of the benchmark nanocrystalline ZnO. SLCN is produced in the form of stable aqueous inks and can serve as an efficient electron transport layer for three different types of active layers, showing high stability to photodegradation. A lower conductivity of SLCN films as compared to ZnO is counter‐balanced by their higher transparency and lower light scattering losses. The SLCN ETL provides a unique opportunity to tune the work function from ca. −4.1 to −4.6 eV by varying the annealing temperature due to partial thermal oxidation of the SLCN film. The PL band position follows the oxidation‐induced changes of the work function allowing PL properties of SLCN to be used to predict the PV efficiency. The 2D structure of SLCN coupled with unique structural and compositional variability, and tunability of the work function show a high promise for emerging organic PV devices.
Multiscale Interfacial Regulation of Zn‐V2O5 Pouch Cell via Ultrathin Molecular‐Engineered Separator
Authors: Xue Rongrong , Wang Zhiqiao , Yao Ning , Liu Yuyao , Wang Helin , Zhang Min , Shao Ahu , Tang Xiaoyu , Liu Jiacheng , Tang Jiawen , Wang Zhaohui , Ma Yue 
Published: March 2024

AbstractRechargeable aqueous zinc batteries (RAZBs) suffer from the structural degradation of the layered oxide cathode, parasitic side reaction on the Zn foil as well as often‐overlooked self‐discharge phenomenon at the elevated temperatures. Herein, this study presents a thin‐layer (9 µm) molecular‐engineered separator strategy to achieve the concurrent shelf life, cycling endurance, as well as the practical energy density for the RAZBs prototype. On the face‐to‐cathode side, the biphthalic anhydride is anchored onto the polyethylene separator substrate (PE) via a robotic arm‐controlled spray‐coating method, inhibiting the spontaneous vanadium dissolution and shuttle at both the dynamic cycling or static high‐temperature storage; meanwhile the 3,3′‐diamino‐4,4′‐dihydroxydiphenyl sulfone molecular tailoring on the face‐to‐anode side provides ion‐sieving capability to repel detrimental SO42−, yet guiding uniform Zn2+ influx and preferential deposits accumulation along the (002) crystallographic orientation even at the extreme deposition scenario (20 mA cm−2, 20 mAh cm−2). Upon the layer‐stacked assembly of the V2O5 cathode (2.0 mAh cm−2), molecular‐engineered separator as well as the Zn foil (20 µm), the 0.78 Ah pouch‐format prototype exhibits the superior volumetric/gravimetric energy densities of 133.3 Wh L−1/71.4 Wh kg−1 and extreme power output (444.3 W L−1/238.0 W kg−1).
Synergistic Entropy Engineering with Vacancies: Unraveling the Cocktail Effect for Extraordinary Thermoelectric Performance in SnTe‐Based Materials
Authors: Xia Junchao , Yang Jianmin , Wang Yan , Jia Baohai , Li Shangyang , Sun Kaitong , Zhao Qian , Mao Dasha , Li Hai‐Feng , He Jiaqing 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe pursuit of high‐power factor and low lattice thermal conductivity simultaneously in thermoelectric research is longstanding. Herein, great success has been achieved in SnTe‐based materials by employing a proposed strategy of entropy engineering involving vacancies, thus leveraging the promising cocktail effect. Significant band convergence and flatness effects have given rise to exceptionally high density of state carrier effective mass and Seebeck coefficients. These effects have also led to the theoretical optimal carrier concentration closely aligning with the actual carrier concentration. Furthermore, the entropy engineering involving vacancies has induced pronounced lattice disorder and a wealth of nanostructures, facilitating multi‐scale phonon scattering. Consequently, impressive thermoelectric performance is realized in AgSb3Pb2Ge2Sn6Te15: room‐temperature ZT of ≈0.4, peak ZT of ≈1.3 at 623 K, and average ZT of ≈1.0 (300–773 K). A thermoelectric module, comprising this p‐type material and the homemade n‐type PbTe, is assembled, demonstrating a competitive conversion efficiency of 9.3% at a temperature difference of 478 K. This work not only provides valuable insights into the modulation of electron/phonon transports but also establishes an effective paradigm of entropy engineering involving vacancies.
Afterglow of Dual‐Confined Carbon Dots Ranging from Blue to Near‐Infrared
Authors: Sun Wenxuan , Zhang Yongqiang , Yin Guangchao , Lu Siyu 
Published: March 2024

AbstractComprehensive research into afterglow emission in the near‐infrared (NIR) region of carbon dots (CDs) is currently lacking. In this study, highly efficient multicolor CDs are synthesized with fluorescence from blue to NIR using Rhodamine 6G. Boron oxide (B2O3) is employed as a matrix for encapsulating and confining the CDs, inhibiting triplet exciton quenching. Furthermore, structural rigidity is enhanced due to the formation of carbon‐boron (C─B) covalent bonds between CDs and B2O3, achieving tunable afterglow emission ranging from 463 to 722 nm with lifetimes up to 801 ms. The green–yellow afterglow composite exhibits an impressive quantum yield up to 37.67% while demonstrating thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF). Thus, this composite is coated onto a blue alternating‐current light‐emitting diode (BAC‐LED) to fabricate a white AC‐LED, which is successfully prepared with Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage (CIE) at coordinates of (0.32, 0.34), accompanied by the color rendering index (CRI) reaching 81.1. The bright afterglow compensates for zero‐point flickering in the BAC‐LED, resulting in stable and gentle emission. The potential applications of these luminescent materials in optoelectronic devices are undoubtedly widened by this remarkable advancement.
Phospholipid Membranes as Chemically and Functionally Tunable Materials
Authors: Huster Daniel , Maiti Sudipta , Herrmann Andreas 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe sheet‐like lipid bilayer is the fundamental structural component of all cell membranes. Its building blocks are phospholipids and cholesterol. Their amphiphilic structure spontaneously leads to the formation of a bilayer in aqueous environment. Lipids are not just structural elements. Individual lipid species, the lipid membrane structure, and lipid dynamics influence and regulate membrane protein function. An exciting field is emerging where the membrane‐associated material properties of different bilayer systems are used in designing innovative solutions for widespread applications across various fields, such as the food industry, cosmetics, nano‐ and biomedicine, drug storage and delivery, biotechnology, nano‐ and biosensors, and computing. Here, the authors summarize what is known about how lipids determine the properties and functions of biological membranes and how this has been or can be translated into innovative applications. Based on recent progress in the understanding of membrane structure, dynamics, and physical properties, a perspective is provided on how membrane‐controlled regulation of protein functions can extend current applications and even offer new applications.
Long‐Range Atomic Order on Double‐Stepped Al2O3(0001) Surfaces
Authors: Smink Sander , Majer Lena N. , Boschker Hans , Mannhart Jochen , Braun Wolfgang 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe deterministic preparation of highly ordered single‐crystalline surfaces is a key step for studying and utilizing the physical properties of various advanced materials. This paper presents the fast and straightforward preparation of vicinal Al2O3(0001) surfaces with micrometer‐scale atomic order. Crisp electron‐diffraction spots up to at least 20th order evidence atomic coherence on terraces with widths exceeding 1 μm. The unique combination of three properties of Al2O3(0001) underlie this remarkable coherence: its high‐temperature stability; the differences in the ionic bonding systems of the surface as compared to the bulk; and the fact that the terraces are non‐polar whereas the step edges have a polar character. The step edges are furthermore found to have alternating configurations, which drive a step‐doubling transition. On double‐stepped surfaces, the Al‐rich ° surface reconstruction attains a singular in‐plane orientation. These results set a benchmark for high‐quality surface preparation and thus expand the scope for both fundamental studies on and the technological utilization of exciting material systems.
Understanding Advanced Transition Metal‐Based Two Electron Oxygen Reduction Electrocatalysts from the Perspective of Phase Engineering
Authors: Yang Hongyuan , An Na , Kang Zhenhui , Menezes Prashanth W. , Chen Ziliang 
Published: March 2024

AbstractNon‐noble transition metal (TM)‐based compounds have recently become a focal point of extensive research interest as electrocatalysts for the two electron oxygen reduction (2e− ORR) process. To efficiently drive this reaction, these TM‐based electrocatalysts must bear unique physiochemical properties, which are strongly dependent on their phase structures. Consequently, adopting engineering strategies toward the phase structure has emerged as a cutting‐edge scientific pursuit, crucial for achieving high activity, selectivity, and stability in the electrocatalytic process. This comprehensive review addresses the intricate field of phase engineering applied to non‐noble TM‐based compounds for 2e− ORR. First, the connotation of phase engineering and fundamental concepts related to oxygen reduction kinetics and thermodynamics are succinctly elucidated. Subsequently, the focus shifts to a detailed discussion of various phase engineering approaches, including elemental doping, defect creation, heterostructure construction, coordination tuning, crystalline design, and polymorphic transformation to boost or revive the 2e− ORR performance (selectivity, activity, and stability) of TM‐based catalysts, accompanied by an insightful exploration of the phase‐performance correlation. Finally, the review proposes fresh perspectives on the current challenges and opportunities in this burgeoning field, together with several critical research directions for the future development of non‐noble TM‐based electrocatalysts.
The Energy Level Alignment at the Buffer/Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Thin‐Film Solar Cell Interface for CdS and GaOx
Authors: Valenta Donald , Yetkin Hasan Arif , Kodalle Tim , Bombsch Jakob , Garcia‐Diez Raul , Hartmann Claudia , Ueda Shigenori , Félix Roberto , Frisch Johannes , Bodenstein‐Dresler Lucas , Wilks Regan G. , Kaufmann Christian A. , Bär Marcus 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSputter‐deposited GaOx (i.e., oxygen‐deficient gallium oxide) films are evaluated as a potential replacement for the standard CdS buffer layers in Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGSe) based thin‐film photovoltaics. The energy level alignment at the GaOx/CIGSe and CdS/CIGSe interfaces are compared by means of direct and inverse photoemission. For the GaOx/CIGSe a (0.04 ± 0.07) eV (i.e., a small spike‐like) conduction band offset (CBO) and a (−3.21 ± 0.19) eV (i.e., a large cliff‐like) valence band offset (VBO) are found, which suggests a nearly ideal charge‐selective contact. The derived GaOx band gap of (4.80 ± 0.25) eV confirms its utility as a highly transparent buffer layer. However, the GaOx (with x derived to be 1.1 ± 0.1) exhibits considerable (presumably) defect‐related occupied states above the valence band maximum. It is proposed that these states may increase charge carrier recombination and decrease open circuit voltage in respective devices; also explaining why solar cells with standard CdS buffer outperform devices with GaOx buffer, despite less ideal electronic interface properties (CBO: (−0.18 ± 0.07) eV, VBO: (−0.98 ± 0.15) eV) and the smaller CdS band gap of (2.35 ± 0.22) eV.