bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Employment activity of baccalaureate and diploma nurses
Authors: Fogarty Brian E. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractIn this study, the general hypothesis tested was that differences in rate of employment activity between baccalaureate and diploma nurses are due to effects of extraneous and intervening variables and not to intrinsic differences in the educational process. Mailed questionnaires from 1,475 nurses registered in the State of Indiana provided data on two measures of employment activity, as well as four control variables: marital status, spouse's income, presence of young children at home, and disillusionment with career. Among recent graduates, there was a negative association between possession of the baccalaureate degree and current employment status (γ = ‐.359, p <.05). It was expected that holding constant the four control variables would reduce this association to or near zero. The opposite was generally the case, however; controlling for marriage, children, and disillusionment actually increased the association between type of education and employment status. Differences in employment activity between the two types of graduates therefore can not be accounted for by “traditional” variables used in the study of female labor‐force participation.
Needs assessment for hospital‐based home care services
Authors: Inui Thomas S. , Stevenson Kay M. , Plorde Diane , Murphy Ileana 
Published: April 2007

AbstractCareful needs assessment is a prerequisite to addressing issues of health care program effectiveness and program planning from a population‐based perspective. Home care program evaluation literature is lacking in examples of strategies for such assessment. A nurse‐screening of admissions was conducted at an acute care general hospital to estimate need for hospital‐based home care (HBHC) services among the 2,613 patients discharged from medical and surgical services over a 5‐‐month period. After careful delineation of inclusion and exclusion criteria for identifying HBHC patients and participant‐observer training, the nurse's judgments on patient appropriateness for HBHC care were shown to agree reliably with those of the HBHC staff (k = +.45). In the study hospital under current conditions, an estimated 64% of discharged patients appropriate for home care do not receive these services. A comparison of the incidence according to service of HBHC‐appropriate patients and patient‐referral rates to HBHC suggests that one service over‐refers (neurology), but most under‐refer. Screening nurse salary expenditures constitute the major costs of this approach to home care needs assessment, which is recommended only for addressing major, infrequent programmatic policy issues.
Toward scholarliness in doctoral dissertations: An analytical model
Authors: Meleis Afaf Ibrahim , Wilson Holly Skodol , Chater Shirley 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe dissertation is one of the most important vehicles for providing the novice researcher with the necessary socialization for a future of productive and scholarly research activities. Research productivity and the scholarliness of research are needed in developing nursing science. In this article, the processes that have the potential to enhance the quality of the doctoral dissertation are addressed; the psychological, social, and structural processes involved in completing a quality dissertation are delineated and discussed; and a model for the development of scholarliness and scholarship in doctoral programs is presented. The authors address three major areas for consideration: (a) the dependence of scholarship and scholarliness on researchable questions that are important, evolve in the context of theoretical considerations, and improve the scientific base of nursing knowledge; (b) the development of these qualities as enhanced by the resolution of several dilemmas that revolve around decisions made throughout the dissertation process; and (c) the recommendation that these qualities (scholarship and scholarliness) be fostered meticulously during doctoral education in nursing and, preferably, earlier.
Comparison of glucosuria in the first‐ and second‐voided specimens and the time of day as tested by four commercial testing products
Authors: Geden Elizabeth A. , Cohen Phyllis D. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe questions addressed in this study were whether testing first‐ and second‐voided urine specimens yielded different results and whether selected commercial testing products (Clinitest 2 drop, Clinitest 5 drop, Tes‐Tape, and Keto‐Diastix) yielded similar estimates of glucosuria. Twenty adult diabetics experiencing glucosuria served as subjects. First‐ and second‐voided specimens were collected before meals and before retiring. Data were analyzed using a three‐way ANOVA with repeated measures on all factors. The findings indicated significant main effects for product type, F (3,57) = 7.61, p = .0004, and time of day, F (3,57) = 8.60, p = .0002. The main effect for first‐ and second‐voided specimens did not approach significance.
Patient‐centered variables in primary and team nursing
Authors: Hamera Edna , O'Connell Kathleen A. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractPatient‐centered variables and their relationship to primary and team nursing have rarely been studied. In the present study the investigators focused on the following patient‐centered variables: nurturance received, patient involvement, and frequency of nurse‐patient contacts. Baseline observational data were collected on 12 adult medical patients experiencing team nursing care. A primary nursing care approach was then implemented on the same nursing unit, and 6 months later 12 patients were observed under this system. Patients were directly observed 24 hours a day for 5 days of hospitalization and audiotaped, using a specimen record method. This method produced transcripts that were coded for nurturance, involvement, and nurse‐patient contacts. Results of the study showed that there were no differences between primary and team nursing care groups in the number of contacts, nurturance, or patient involvement with all nursing personnel or with professional nurses. However, when the primary group was adjusted to include only those patients for whom primary nursing care was fully implemented, the primary group received more nurturance (p≤.05) and had a tendency to be more actively involved than did the team group (p≤.10). These findings indicate that the institution of primary nursing care is related to increased quality of nursing care.
Nursing care for the emerging family: Promoting paternal behavior
Authors: Kunst‐Wilson William , Cronenwett Linda 
Published: April 2007

AbstractIn the last decade, nursing care related to childbirth has expanded from a narrow emphasis on the physical health needs of the mother and infant to a broader focus on more family‐related, socioemotional needs. One prominent feature of this family‐centered approach is the recent movement toward designing services to promote the formation of the mother‐infant attachment bond. It is argued in this paper, however, that to achieve a truly family‐centered practice, nursing must make a comparable commitment to understanding and meeting the needs of the father in the emerging family. Evidence is reviewed that suggests the father's potential contribution to the infant's overall development has been misperceived or devalued and that the father's ability and willingness to assume a more active role in the infant's care may have been underestimated. Questions for future research that would lead to a better understanding of the father's role in the emerging family are raised.
Functions of preschool children's questions in coping with hospitalization
Authors: Pidgeon Virginia 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThis study was designed to determine the functions of hospitalized preschool children's questions. Subjects were 24 hospitalized preschool children ranging in age from 3 years to 5 years, 11 months. Subjects' spontaneous questions, addressed to adults in a hospital setting, were recorded and categorized using Piaget's functional classification. The categories were: (a) causal explanation, (b) reality and history, (c) actions and intentions, (d) classification and evaluation, (e) rules, and (f) calculation. The frequency distribution of questions was determined by categories. The largest percentage of questions (53%) was about actions and intentions of persons, primarily hospital personnel. Small percentages dealt with classification and evaluation (13%) and reality and history (12%) Causal explanation questions (8%) were uncommon. A larger percentage of actions and intentions questions was found in the hospital than in nonstressful school settings. The findings suggest that hospitalized preschool children need orientation to the actions and intentions of personnel in regard to therapeutic activities, routine care, and play and social activity.
Psychometrics in nursing research: Construction of an interpersonal conflict scale
Authors: Hoskins Carol Noll 
Published: April 2007

AbstractA step‐wise description of a self‐report instrument to measure interpersonal conflict between marital partners illustrates the primary aspects of the development of a psychometric tool. Definition of the construct to be measured, formulation and classification of items, and appropriate methods to establish validity and reliability are discussed. Indications are considered for alternate forms of a scale, which include repeated measurement over time for the purpose of identifying patterns in human behavior in interaction within the family system. The procedure for constructing alternate forms of equal reliability is outlined.
Research publication credit assignment: Nurses' views
Authors: Werley Harriet H. , Murphy Patricia A. , Gosch Susan M. , Gottesmann Helene , Newcomb B. Joan 
Published: April 2007

AbstractA national survey of 1,693 persons (primarily nurses) from eight target groups was done to assess views on publication credit assignment. Data were collected using scenarios in a questionnaire based on the instrument developed by Spiegel and Keith‐Spiegel (1970). Scenario items and the percentages of 897 respondents selecting each response alternative are presented in an appendix. Response rates indicated that authorship credit assignment is an important issue for nurses functioning primarily in academic settings. Among items selected by 85% or more of 620 nurses in four subsample groups (American Academy of Nursing, Council of Nurse Researchers, authors, and nursing doctoral students) with response rates greater than 50%, 10 points of agreement were found. These points are summarized as possible guidelines for publication credit assignment. Few differences were found among scenario item responses of: (a) subjects classified as high and low publishers, (b) those with research as their major role responsibility and others, and (c) doctoral students and others.
Empathic perceptions of nursing students: Self‐reported and actual ability
Authors: Kunst‐Wilson William , Carpenter Linda , Poser Ann , Venohr Ingrid , Kushner Kenneth 
Published: April 2007

AbstractClearly, one of the goals of nursing education is to enhance the empathic functioning of nursing students. In this study we examined one major component of empathic functioning — accuracy of empathic perceptions — in both undergraduate (n = 66) and graduate nursing students (n = 50) We predicted that actual ability (Kagan's Affective Sensitivity Scale) and self‐perceived ability would vary as a positive function of educational level. The results supported the first prediction, even when the effects of the subjects' age and amount of prior nursing experience were controlled. Self‐perceived ability, however, was not reliably related to educational level, although it did relate to actual ability. Compared with students in other “helping” professions, the students in this study appeared relatively empathic. Finally, students' perceptions of their difficulty in detecting and handling other particular feeling states suggest that nursing needs to take a more “affect‐specific” approach to empathic functioning.
Correlates of depression in chronic dialysis patients: Morbidity and mortality
Authors: Numan Ina M. , Barklind Kenneth S. , Lubin Bernard 
Published: April 2007

AbstractA group of 74 end‐stage renal disease outpatients on dialysis completed one of seven forms of the Depression Adjective Check List (DACL) (Lubin, 1981) once a month over a 12‐month period. Patient cooperation in filling out the DACL was 95%, indicating patient's acceptance of this fairly unobtrusive instrument. The distribution of usable DACL scores of 53 patients was trifurcated: high = one SD above the mean; medium ± one SD from the mean; and low = more than one SD below the mean. A one‐way ANOVA on the mean number hospitalizations during the 12‐month period for each group was significant, F (2,50) = 8.11, p < .01. The mean number of hospital admissions was highest for the high depression group and lowest for the low depression group. DACL scores of seven patients who died were significantly higher than for the 46 survivors, t (60) = 4.44, p < .01.
Issues and approaches to estimating interrater reliability in nursing research
Authors: Goodwin Laura Driscoll , Prescott Patricia A. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractFollowing a general discussion of the meaning of and need for reliability estimates, four different approaches to the estimation of interrater reliability are discussed: correlational techniques, comparison of means, percentage of agreement, and generalizability theory techniques. Data from a nursing research project are used to illustrate the method and to interpret reliability estimates obtained by each approach. The estimates vary widely, from a low of .03 (using a percentage of agreement technique), to a high of .68 (using a correlational approach). The usefulness and advantages of generalizability theory techniques, which afford the most comprehensive and complex means of assessing reliability, are emphasized.
Discriminant Analysis to Predict Graduation – Nongraduation in a Master's Degree Program in Nursing
Authors: Tripp Alice , Duffey Margery 
Published: April 2007

AbstractDiscriminant analysis was used to predict graduation and two categories of nongraduation from readily available admissions data at the University of Kansas nursing master's degree program. The traditional admissions indices, baccalaureate grade point average (GPA) and Graduate Record Examination (GRE)‐verbal and ‐quantitative scores, were used as predictors. Criterion categories were composed of 102 graduates, 103 individuals who dropped out of the program, and 65 individuals who were not accepted. The first discriminant function was, X2(6)=87.567, p < .0001, and extracted 98% of the variance of the discriminant space. Follow‐up procedures using one‐way ANOVA's and Scheffé multiple comparisons indicated that the baccalaureate GPA and the GRE‐verbal and ‐quantitative scores independently differentiated the graduate and dropout groups from the not‐accepted group at a statistically significant level (p < .05). Pratical significance of the independent contribution of these variables to group differentiation, as measured by ω2 was 22% for the baccalaureate GPA, 13% for the GRE‐verbal scores, and 10% for the GRE‐quantitative scores. Implications for future research are discussed.
Sources of social support related to single‐parent functioning
Authors: Norbeck Jane S. , Sheiner Michael 
Published: April 2007

AbstractFactors related to successful functioning of single parents have not been identified. In this study, relationships among sources of social support and criterion measures of functioning were examined. To isolate the role of social support, a population was selected that was relatively homogeneous on variables considered important in coping with single parenthood: economic status, educational or vocational opportunities, access to day‐care, and length of time as a single parent. A check list and structured interview were administered to 30 unmarried women to determine their sources of social support. Ratings of parenting adequacy and of the preschool child's emotional development and behavior by three professional staff members at the day‐care centers were used as criterion measures of functioning. Based on the staff ratings, the adequately functioning group was distinguished from the inadequate one. Significant correlations were found between these staff ratings and one social support variable: support from talking with network members. Key sources of social support were identified through discriminant analyses.
Development of sucking in term infants from birth to four hours postbirth
Authors: Anderson Gene Cranston , McBride Melen R. , Dahm Janet , Ellis Marla K. , Vidyasagar Dharmapuri 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe development of the sucking response was investigated in 30 clinically normal infants from 1 or 5 minutes postbirth until their first feeding 4 hours later. Maximum sucking pressures were measured with a research nipple attached to a portable electronic suckometer. Mean suction (negative pressure) began at 5 Torr at birth, peaked at 103 Torr at 90 minutes, and decreased thereafter to 65 Torr at 4 hours. Expression (positive pressure) began at 12 Torr, rose to 29, and decreased to 25. Mean expression pressures correlated with feeding scale scores, r = +. 44(24); p < .025, but suction pressures did not, r = + .26(24); < .1. Normative data were gathered on 10 additional stabilized newborns who had been fed twice successfully. Suction pressures were 96 Torr on Day 1, and 103 Torr on Day 2; expression pressures were 25 and 24 Torr, respectively. These pressures approximate those recorded in newborns between 1 and 2 hours postbirth.
Correlations of two quality of nursing care measures
Authors: Ventura Marlene R. , Hageman Paul T. , Slakter Malcolm J. , Fox Richard N. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractA correlational design was used to examine two process instruments designed to measure the quality of nursing care: the Quality Patient Care Scale (QualPacs) and the Methodology for Monitoring Quality of Nursing Care (Rush‐Medicus). Pearson product‐moment correlations indicated that the Physical and Psychosocial subscales of the instruments were unrelated; in a replication, the subscales were weakly correlated. The results indicate that these two process instruments measure different dimensions and underscore the idea that quality of nursing care is complex and multidimensional.
Sudden infant death syndrome: Parents' perceptions and responses to the loss of their infant
Authors: Williams Reg Arthur , Nikolaisen Sally M. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractSudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) is the number one killer of infants under one year of age. Families are left in a state of crisis after a baby dies of SIDS. Thus, crisis counseling has been offered routinely to SIDS parents in King County, Washington. The purpose of this retrospective study was to assess whether mothers differed significantly from fathers in their perception of the situation, their feelings experienced and expressed, their approaches to problem solving, and the support they received. Differences in reactions between single and married parents were also studied. The 48% return rate produced a sample of 54 parents, 37 mothers and 17 fathers, who had lost their infant to SIDS. Statistically significant differences were found between mothers and fathers, as well as between single and married parents, in their view of the SIDS event, their problem solving approaches, and support systems. The results provide useful information for nurses in counseling SIDS parents and in working with families during and after subsequent pregnancies.
Estimating perimenstrual distress: A comparison of two methods
Authors: Woods Nancy Fugate , Most Ada , Dery Gretchen Kramer 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to compare two methods of measuring menstrual distress. Seventy‐three women, 18 to 35 years of age, selected from lower‐middle to upper‐middle income neighborhoods kept a daily diary for a two‐month period. Following completion of the diary, the women responded to the Moos Menstrual Distress Questionnaire (MDQ) with reference to their last menstrual period. Estimates for all symptoms on the MDQ exceeded those in the diary. The greatest discrepancies between the two methods were found for water retention and negative affect symptoms. Concordance of perimenstrual symptom reporting across the two measures was statistically significant only for menstrual cramps, κ = .248, p < .021, and premenstrual backache, κ = .203, p < .036). Although these results suggest that estimates of dysmenorrhea symptoms are least affected by the data collection method, they are consistent with the hypothesized joint effects of menstrual stereotypes and recall bias on retrospective symptom reports; these sources of bias should be considered in future menstrual distress research.
A model for assessing potential adaptation to stress
Authors: Erickson Helen , Swain Mary Ann 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe purposes of this study were to determine if hospitalized medical‐surgical patients could be classified reliably according to their potential to adapt to stress; and to explore the relationship between their adaptive potential and length of hospital stay. Forty‐six patients were selected for participation by use of a table of random numbers. Three classes of significantly different adaptive potential were identified: the Alarm and Impoverished states were considered as stress states, while the state of Equilibrium was considered a nonstress state. Although it was possible to distinguish stress from nonstress states, using only physiological parameters, psychological parameters were required to distinguish between the two stress states. The differentiation among the three coping states was used to predict subjects' potential for mobilizing adaptive resources. Length of hospitalization was then related to classification of adaptive potential.
Professional socialization to a research role: Interest in research among graduate students in nursing
Authors: Brogan Donna R. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThis study was conducted to determine whether graduate coursework in research methods and statistics resulted in socializing graduate students in nursing into a research role. Two cohorts, each of about 60 female graduate students in nursing, completed self‐administered questionnaires at three different times during their 6 month coursework in research methods and statistics. Subjects indicated significantly more interest in research methods than in statistics (p < .01), although they rated statistics as valuable to nursing. At the beginning of graduate work, subjects with more work experience in nursing were significantly more interested (p < .05) in conducting research. Graduate coursework in research methods and statistics produced no significant change in students' interest in doing research in their future nursing careers.
Multidimensional assessment of psychological problems in children with cancer
Authors: Armstrong Gordon D. , Wirt Robert D. , Nesbit Mark E. , Martinson Ida M. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe Personality Inventory for Children (PIC) was administered to 88 children 3 to 16 years of age who had cancer. A variety of dimensions of psychological adjustment of these children, who were compared with a sample of nonsick children, was assessed. The PIC indicated that children with cancer exhibited cognitive development‐related problems and internalized forms of psychopathology more often than their age‐ and sex‐matched cohorts. In the cancer sample, no differences in problems as a function of diagnoses were observed when controlling for age of the child. No differences related to length of time since diognosis were observed when controlling for age of the child. About 26% of the children with cancer exhibited PIC profiles indicating problems of such magnitude that professional intervention would be appropriate.