bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prediction Model for Brain Metastasis in Patients With Metastatic Germ‐Cell Tumors
Authors: Salous Tareq , Ashkar Ryan , Althouse Sandra K. , Cary Clint , Masterson Timothy , Hanna Nasser H. , King Jennifer , Einhorn Lawrence H. , Adra Nabil 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundBrain metastasis (BM) is an independent adverse prognostic factor in metastatic germ cell tumors (mGCT). We aimed to establish an effective and practical BM prediction model.Patients and MethodsBetween January 1990 and September 2017, 2291 patients with mGCT who were treated at Indiana University were identified. Patients were divided into two categories: BM present (N = 154) and BM absent (N = 2137). Kaplan–Meier methods were used to analyze progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Logistic regression was used to determine a predictive model for whether BM was present. The data was separated into training and validation datasets with equal numbers of events in each.ResultsThe 2‐year PFS and OS for patients with versus without BM: 17% versus 65% (p < 0.001) and 62% versus 91% (p < 0.001) respectively. Among the 154 patients with BM, 64 (42%) had radiation only (whole‐brain radiotherapy or gamma knife), 22 (14%) had BM‐surgery only, 14 (9%) had both radiation and BM‐surgery. 54 patients (35%) did not receive local therapy for BM. Stepwise selection was used to determine the best model with p < 0.15 as the entry and staying criteria. The model with the largest ROC AUC was used moving forward. The model was tested in the validation dataset. A model was generated including age at diagnosis ≥ 40, choriocarcinoma predominant histology, pre‐chemotherapy hCG≥ 5000, presence of pulmonary metastases size < 3, or ≥ 3 cm, and presence of bone metastasis. Patients with score of 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 points had a 0.6%, 1.4%, 3.5%, 8.2%, 18.3%, 36%, 58%, 78%, 90% probability of having BM, respectively.ConclusionsThe prediction model developed in this study demonstrated discrimination capability of predicting BM occurrence in mGCT and can be used to identify high‐risk patients.
Reactivity of 2‐((3‐Cyano‐4‐(4‐Fluorophenyl)‐6‐(Naphthalen‐2‐yl)Pyridin‐2‐yl)Oxy)Acetohydrazide Toward Some Reagents for Preparing a Promising Anticancer Agents and Molecular Docking Study
Authors: Khalaf Hemat S. , El‐Manawaty May A. , Kotb Eman R. , Abdelrahman Mohamad T. , Shamroukh Ahmed H. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThis study aims to synthesize a novel series of nicotinonitriles incorporating pyrazole, oxadiazole, isoindoline, thiadiazole, and thiazolidinone moieties (compounds 4–11). The synthesis utilizes 2‐((3‐cyano‐4‐(4‐fluorophenyl)‐6‐(naphthalen‐2‐yl)pyridin‐2‐yloxy)acetohydrazide (3) as a key starting material to enhance potential anticancer activity. The molecular structures of compounds 4–11 were elucidated using various spectroscopic techniques and elemental analysis. The synthesized compounds were screened for cytotoxic activity against human cancer cell lines, including MCF‐7 (human Caucasian breast adenocarcinoma), MDA‐MB‐231 (breast ductal carcinoma), and PC‐3 (prostate cancer), using an MTT assay with doxorubicin as a reference drug. Among the tested compounds, 4, 6b, and 7 exhibited the most promising cytotoxic activity, with IC50 values ranging from 22.5 to 91.3 µM. The safety profile of these compounds was further evaluated using noncancerous human skin fibroblast cells (BJ‐1). Notably, 6b and 7 demonstrated high selectivity indices (SI > 3) against cancer cells, indicating preferential cytotoxicity, whereas compound 4 lacked selectivity. Docking studies, consistent with experimental data, further supported the potential anticancer properties of compounds 4, 6b, and 7. Given their significant inhibitory effects on cancer cell lines with minimal to no impact on normal cells, compounds 6b and 7 are strong candidates for further drug development as potential anticancer agents.
Diaminotriazinyl‐Substituted N‐Heterotriangulene: Hydrogen Bonding‐Driven Self‐Assembly in the Solid State, in the Gas Phase and on Surfaces
Authors: Borstelmann Jan , Míguez‐Lago Sandra , Gessner David , Ammon Maximilian , Hitzenberger Jakob F. , Hampel Frank , Drewello Thomas , Maier Sabine , Kivala Milan 
Published: February 2025

AbstractWe report the synthesis and comprehensive characterization of a dimethylmethylene‐bridged N‐heterotriangulene (N‐HTA) with diaminotriazinyl groups to guide the self‐assembly through directional hydrogen bonding. Mass spectrometry collision‐induced dissociation experiments indicated the formation of multiply charged clusters in the gas phase. Single crystal X‐ray diffraction studies revealed that the solid state packing is governed by an interplay between the hydrogen bonding and the solvent system used for crystallization. The self‐assembly on both semiconducting and insulating surfaces upon simple drop‐casting was disclosed by atomic force microscopy and scanning tunneling microscopy. The strong hydrogen bonding leads to robust self‐assembly on surfaces, which can be conveniently achieved by simple solution processing techniques under ambient conditions.
Green Synthesis of Copper Nanoparticles utilising the Maillard Reaction
Authors: Mielewczyk Lukas , Liebscher Virginia , Grothe Julia , Kaskel Stefan 
Published: February 2025

AbstractA new approach for the fabrication copper nanoparticles by a wet chemical reduction method is reported. The natural resources arginine as amino compound and several monosaccharides (xylose, ribose, galactose and glucose) react characteristically performing an Amadori rearrangement followed by a Maillard type reaction. This reaction carried out in an aqueous solution ensures an environmentally friendly way of reducing copper(II) ions leading to the formation of the desired nanoparticles. By changing the concentration of the amino acid, simultaneously acting as a complexing agent, it is possible to tune the size of the resulting nano particles to a certain degree down to 3 nm. This nontoxic and facile preparation route with quantitative yield opens a wide field of applications ranging from electronics to medical approaches.
Identification of Three Novel Tetrahydrocannabinol Analogs in the European Market
Authors: Dadiotis Evangelos , Mpakaoukas Sotiris , Mitsis Vangelis , Melliou Eleni , Magiatis Prokopios 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTSynthetic cannabinoids, known as Spice or K2, emerged in Europe and the United States between 2005 and 2008, peaking in incidents by 2015 with severe health implications. In 2021, the identification of hexahydrocannabinol (HHC), a semisynthetic cannabinoid (SSC), led to regulatory control in more than 20 countries in Europe, several US states, and other jurisdictions. A 2024 study in the United States highlighted the diversity of semisynthetic cannabinoids in the US market. New entries of SSCs are increasingly available in the European market, often found as blends in consumer products. This highlights the growing complexity of their regulation and the potential public health risks due to limited toxicological data. The major ingredients, isolated from “CB9”, “tresconol”, and “CBx”, were subjected to mass spectrometry (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The major isolated ingredient of “CB9” was identified as [2‐(E)‐propen‐1‐yl]‐Δ8‐tetrahydrocannabinol‐acetate. The major ingredient of “tresconol” was identified as [2‐propen‐2‐yl]‐Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol, and the major ingredient of “CBx” was identified as [2‐propen‐2‐yl]‐Δ8‐tetrahydrocannabinol. These compounds have no available spectroscopic or chromatographic data, have never been identified in Cannabis plants, and cannot be identified by standard chromatographic forensic analytical methods, without the use of spectroscopic techniques due to the lack of reference standards. The products were complex mixtures of previously unknown synthetic cannabinoids lacking established safety profiles. These findings highlight the potential public health risks associated with unregulated SSCs, similar to the concerns raised during the 2015 Spice outbreak. The presence of these novel substances requires careful monitoring to prevent future health crises.
Seed and Color Preferences of Wild Carrion Crows From Cafeteria Experiments
Authors: Chantoufi Amal , Canário Amanda Marques , Baud Tilwenn , Vallé Clément , Baux Alice , Jiguet Frédéric 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBirds can cause significant damage to agricultural fields, notably in Europe, where corvid species like carrion crows (Corvus corone) and rooks (Corvus frugilegus) target spring crops, posing challenges for conservation and wildlife management. Among targeted crops, sunflower and maize suffer the highest levels of damage from corvids' foraging. While both lethal and non‐lethal strategies are employed to mitigate bird damage, their effectiveness is limited and context‐dependent. Consequently, there is growing interest in identifying natural bird repellents. To improve our understanding of corvid food selection and explore potential non‐lethal management strategies, we conducted (1) cafeteria trials with five common seed types (maize, sunflower, soy, pea, and wheat) and (2) two‐choice color tests with maize seeds in four colors (blue, green, orange, and red) on an urban population of carrion crows accustomed to human presence. Results indicated a marked preference for sunflower and wheat, while soy and pea were largely avoided, and maize was moderately consumed. The crows also demonstrated a preference for green‐colored maize over blue, orange, red, and natural maize seeds. These findings suggest that strategic planting of preferred crops like wheat alongside sunflower or maize may help mitigate damage. Further, incorporating colors into repellent seed coatings could reinforce the aversive learning process in birds, although color may play a less significant role in food selection when seeds are sown.
Soil legacies of genotypic diversity enhance population resistance to water stress
Authors: Liu Zekang , Cheng Cai , Zhang Qun , Tian Xing , Jiang Lin , Crawford Kerri M. , Liu Xiang , Liu Jianquan , He Qiang , Li Bo , Wu Jihua 
Published: February 2025

AbstractWhile the positive relationship between plant diversity and ecosystem functioning is frequently observed and often attributed to direct plant–plant interactions, it remains unclear whether and how the effects of plant diversity endure through soil legacy effects, particularly at the level of genotypic diversity. We manipulated the genotypic diversity of Scirpus mariqueter and tested its soil legacy effects on a conspecific phytometer under low‐ and high‐water availability conditions. We found that genotypic diversity enhanced phytometer productivity through soil legacies, with stronger effects under low‐water availability conditions, improving its resistance to water stress. Moreover, this effect was attributed to the association between asexual and sexual reproductive strategies by increasing ramet number to ensure plant survival under low‐water availability and promoting sexual reproduction to escape stress. The observed diversity effects were primarily associated with increased levels of microbial biomass in soils trained by populations with diverse genotypes. Our findings highlight the importance of plant genotypic diversity in modulating ecosystem functioning through soil legacies and call for management measures that promote genetic diversity to make ecosystems sustainable in the face of climate change.
From Micro to Macro: A Comprehensive Study of Lean Manufacturing Tools in Tanzanian Industries
Authors: Sinkamba Francis D. , Matindana Juma M. , Mgwatu Mussa I. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe study aimed to establish the adoption status of tools and practices, drivers, and barriers for Lean Manufacturing (LM) for the Tanzanian context based on the industry size. The study adopted a survey research design. A purposeful sampling technique was deployed to collect responses from micro, small, medium, and large manufacturing industries. A total of 256 responses were received. Upon data cleaning, a total of 243 responses remained for further analysis. SPSS version 27 was used to analyze descriptive statistics such as mean and inferential statistics such as ANOVA. The results indicate the growing adoption of Lean Manufacturing across industries, from micro to large industries. The adoption of Lean Manufacturing for large industries is 75.1%, for medium industries is 66.7%, for small industries is 54%, and 50% for micro industries. The average adoption for all industries is 61.5%. The specific Lean practices vary by industry size; common practices include 5 s, visual management, and concurrent engineering with larger industries using more complex lean practices like cellular manufacturing. Moreover, the study indicates that drivers and barriers for Lean Manufacturing vary based on the size of the manufacturing industry. The study will guide those who wish to implement Lean Manufacturing in Tanzania and other countries with similar characteristics and challenges.
Ion‐Exchange Synthesis of Low‐Water Prussian Blue Analogs for Enhanced Sodium Storage
Authors: Li Jie , Liu Limin , Gao Yuting , Zhou Xiaoliang , Fang Ming , Guo Jinze , Zhou Xiaochong , Zhang Bo , Jia Chunjiang , Xu Ben Bin , Jiang Yinzhu 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTIron hexacyanoferrate (FeHCF) is a promising cathode material for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) due to its high theoretical capacity and low cost. Nevertheless, water in FeHCF is likely to take up Na+ sites leading to the reductions in capacity and rate capability. Herein, an ion‐exchange method is proposed to synthesize low‐water potassium‐sodium mixed iron hexacyanoferrate (KNaFeHCF). The ion‐exchange method can preserve the lattice structure with low vacancies and K+ with larger ionic radii can reduce the water content in FeHCF and improve Na+ reaction kinetics. Compared with the NaFeHCF synthesized by co‐precipitation method, the water content of optimal sample KNaFeHCF‐12 h can be decreased by 21.2%. The sample exhibits excellent electrochemical performance, with a discharge capacity of 130.33 at 0.1 and 99.49 mAh g−1 at 30 C. With a full‐cell configuration with a hard carbon anode, the discharge capacity reaches 115.3 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C. This study demonstrates a viable method for producing Prussian blue cathode materials with low water content, high specific capacity, and exceptional cycling stability.
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Analysis of Burning Rate Variation of Tungsten Delay Composition Close to Zero Oxygen Balance
Authors: Lu Yuan‐Gen , Hao Bo , Chen Geng , Xu Cai‐Xian , Zhang Li 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTTungsten delay compositions are widely utilized in ammunition, small detonators, and other devices. In this study, we first explored the changes in the burning rate of micron‐sized tungsten delay compositions (W/BaCrO4/KClO4) when achieving zero oxygen balance under different material tube walls. Subsequently, SiO2, CuO, BN, and shellac were added to the tungsten delay composition to investigate the burning rate variations of different samples in aluminum tubes. The experimental results reveal that the combustion rate of the tungsten delay composition decreases with an increase in the thermal conductivity of the tube wall. The content of BN exhibits a linear relationship with the combustion rate of the tungsten delay composition, the combustion rate of the tungsten delay composition decreases with the increase of the mass percentage of BN. A small amount of SiO2, CuO, and shellac accelerates the combustion rate of the tungsten delay composition, but the combustion rate decreases as the content of these additives increases. The conclusion of this study can provide a wider range of delay times for delay devices with significant spatial limitations.
Release Characteristics of Fenugreek Polysaccharide‐Lemon Essential Oil Inclusion Compound and Its Application in Cigarette Flavouring
Authors: Wang Haiyang , Jiang Lin , Qiu Jianhua , Yan Dingwei , Liang KeWei , Yang Xiaopeng , Lai Miao , Chen Zhifei , Chang Dong , Ji Xiaoming 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTEmbedding is an effective method to overcome the poor thermal stability and release properties of lemon essential oil (LEO). This research focused on the fabrication of inclusion complexes through co‐precipitation and response surface optimization, employing Fenugreek polysaccharide (FP15) as the wall material. The complexes were assessed through thermal analysis and in vitro slow‐release investigations. XRD, FTIR and SEM analysis proved that LEO formed supramolecular structure with FP15 through hydrogen bonding and van der Waals force, and was successfully embedded with packaging efficiency of 57.33%. Thermal behaviour analysis showed that FP15 as a wall material significantly improved the thermal stability of LEO. The analysis based on the KAS and Coats‐Redfern methods showed that the apparent activation energy of inclusion compounds increased with the increase of conversion rate, and the secondary reaction model (F2) could better describe the pyrolysis reaction mechanism of inclusion compounds. In vitro release experiments showed that the release of LEO from the inclusion at 37°C (human body temperature) and 65°C (food processing temperature) followed a first‐order kinetic model, with LEO being released from the carrier by non‐Fickian diffusion. The analysis of pyrolysis products showed that the inclusion compound pyrolyzed at 300°C, 600°C and 900°C to produce a large number of aldehydes, esters and non‐/semi‐volatile organic acids. The production of these flavour substances improves the quality, concentration of aroma, rich‐ness and harmony of the cigarette during smoking. In summary, FP15 as a wall material slowed down the release of LEO, enhanced its stability and improved the sensory quality of cigarettes.
Individual and Organizational Resilience: Relationships, Antecedents, and Consequences
Authors: de Medeiros Claudia Cristina Alvares Beltrão , Saurin Tarcisio Abreu 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTResilience in socio‐technical systems has a myriad of manifestations and outcomes that are often not made explicit in the literature. This drawback might be a source of misunderstandings and hinder the design of work systems supportive of desirable resilient performance. Two crucially distinctive manifestations refer to individual and organizational resilience. This study presents a model of how these two types relate to each other and how they relate to antecedents and consequences of resilience. To this end, we carried out a case study of freight road transport, emphasizing the truck drivers' perspectives. Data collection included 14 interviews with drivers and managers of logistics operations, in addition to non‐participant observations of drivers' workplaces. Based on a thematic analysis, the model was developed consisting of seven themes: work constraints, investments, individual resilience practices, organizational resilience practices, operational efficiency, human costs, and overall costs. The first two themes are antecedents and the last three are consequences of resilience. The main relationships between the themes are presented as seven propositions for theory‐testing. The model suggests three main approaches for a balanced distribution between individual and organizational resilience. These approaches consist of: tackling work constraints, especially production pressures; investing in organizational practices adopting a long‐term view; and promoting individual practices that proactively support health and safety. The truck drivers' study offers examples of the applicability of these approaches.
Health promoting universities: A scoping review
Authors: Sáenz Comellas , Boldú Esqué , Canal Juvinyà 
Published: February 2025

AbstractIssue AddressedThe university setting represents a singular context to promote health and well‐being. Although health‐promoting university (HPU) initiatives exist worldwide, information on theoretical principles is sparse. The purpose of this integrative review is to describe how the HPU approach has been theorised.MethodsA scoping review was carried out in PubMed, Medline, ERIC, Scielo, WoS, Scopus and CINAHL following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta‐Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA‐ScR) statement. The articles included in the final step were content analysed according to: (a) reference; (b) country; (c) label; (d) objectives of work; (e) HPU definition and (f) type of study. For the empirical articles, some additional items were reviewed.ResultsAfter the analysis and exclusion of studies for not meeting the inclusion criteria, 22 articles were integrated into the final sample. Of those, 12 were theoretical papers and 10 were empirical studies. The review found that most of the studies define the HPU approach according to the principles described in the Ottawa Charter and the socioecological perspective on health promotion. Most of the empirical selected studies are based on qualitative data. The implementation of healthy policies and evaluative strategies are remaining challenges.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that the HPU concept is underpinned by a wide array of theories and models. It also points to the need for a common university framework that integrates the basic principles into practice. The articulation between theoretical narrative and practical initiatives is a remaining threat that needs to be assessed in order to enable universities to become healthy spaces.So What?HPU generates enabling conditions that support communities to improve and maintain their health status and well‐being. In this sense, more evidence of effectiveness will be needed in future research.