bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High‐resolution profiling of oxylipin‐containing galactolipids in Arabidopsis extracts by ultra‐performance liquid chromatography/time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry
Authors: Glauser Gaetan , Grata Elia , Rudaz Serge , Wolfender Jean‐Luc 
Published: September 2008

AbstractA high‐resolution ultra‐performance liquid chromatography/time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (UPLC/TOFMS) method using in‐source collision‐induced dissociation (CID) was developed for globally profiling oxylipin‐containing galactolipids in Arabidopsis wounded leaves. MS and pseudo‐MS/MS spectra were obtained during a single analytical run by switching a lens of the TOFMS transfer optics from low to high voltage. Numerous known galactolipids were observed, and four novel mono‐ or di‐galactosyl monoacylglycerides (MGMGs or DGMGs) containing oxophytodienoic acid (OPDA) or dinor‐oxophytodienoic acid (dn‐OPDA), esterified respectively at the sn1 and the sn2 positions, were identified. Rapid microisolation of the galactolipids followed by alkaline and enzymatic hydrolyses enabled the release of the esterified oxylipins, which allowed for the unambiguous characterization of the oxylipin‐containing monoacylglycerides. Their strong induction in response to wounding indicates that these compounds are probably lysogalactolipids formed from galactosyldiglycerides in the injured tissues. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A comparison of relative quantification with isobaric tags on a subset of the murine hepatic proteome using electrospray ionization quadrupole time‐of‐flight and matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization tandem time‐of‐flight
Authors: Scheri Richard C. , Lee Junga , Curtis Lawrence R. , Barofsky Douglas F. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe use of isobaric tagging for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) has increased dramatically over the past few years. Many factors can affect the accuracy of quantification. Some of these include the number of biological/technical replicates, sample complexity, instrumentation, method of peptide/protein identification and the statistical techniques used for data analysis. It has been observed that the low collision energies normally used in electrospray ionization quadrupole time‐of‐flight (ESI QTOF) can result in low iTRAQ reporter ion abundances. We used two‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) to compare the iTRAQ ratios that were generated on an ESI QTOF and a matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization tandem time‐of‐flight (MALDI TOF/TOF). It appears that iTRAQ analyses performed on an ESI QTOF without any special modifications to instrumental parameters produce essentially the same protein ratios as those obtained on a MALDI TOF/TOF. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fuzzy model‐based fault detection for Markov jump systems
Authors: He Shuping , Liu Fei 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe robust fault detection filter (RFDF) design problems are studied for nonlinear stochastic time‐delay Markov jump systems. By means of the Takagi–Sugeno fuzzy models, the fuzzy RFDF system and the dynamics of filtering error generator are constructed. Moreover, taking into account the sensitivity to faults while guaranteeing robustness against unknown inputs, theH∞filtering scheme is proposed to minimize the influences of the unknown inputs and another new performance index is introduced to enhance the sensitivity to faults. A sufficient condition is first established on the stochastic stability using stochastic Lyapunov–Krasovskii function. Then in terms of linear matrix inequalities techniques, the sufficient conditions on the existence of fuzzy RFDF are presented and proved. Finally, the design problem is formulated as a two‐objective optimization algorithm. Simulation results illustrate that the proposed RFDF can detect the faults shortly after the occurrences. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modelling spatio‐temporal flow characteristics in groyne fields
Authors: Tritthart Michael , Liedermann Marcel , Habersack Helmut 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe spatio‐temporal distribution of residence times and water ages in groyne fields plays an important role for a number of biotic processes, particularly conditioning nutrient dynamics and phytoplankton growth. Experimental determination of these parameters involves time‐consuming field work and is often limited to the water surface depending on the methodology applied. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) can be used as efficient tool for direct modelling of residence times, limiting additional field work to collect data necessary for model calibration and validation. The objective of this study is to derive, test and apply a numerical particle‐tracing method to model these flow characteristics based on the output of a three‐dimensional hydrodynamic model for turbulent river flow. This allows for an evaluation of residence times and water ages at an arbitrary elevation within the water column. Virtual particles are released in a control volume, and their paths and travel times to and from the main stream are traced using a random‐walk approach based on the spatial distribution of turbulent kinetic energy to account for turbulent fluctuations. The modelling approach was successfully validated for the water surface using field data measured in a groyne field of the Danube River in Austria. Particle‐tracing experiments were carried out for several discharges to study the evolution of residence times and water ages with varying runoff. It was found that discharges at which overtopping of the groynes begins lead to significantly higher residence times and water ages than runoff higher or lower than this characteristic value. These findings are expected to be transferable for groyne fields of similar geometry and crest height. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Towards automatic software model checking of thousands of Linux modules—a case study with Avinux
Authors: Post Hendrik , Sinz Carsten , Küchlin Wolfgang 
Published: September 2008

AbstractModular software model checking of large real‐world systems is known to require extensive manual effort in environment modelling and preparing source code for model checking. Avinux is a tool chain that facilitates the automatic analysis of Linux and especially of Linux device drivers. The tool chain is implemented as a plugin for the Eclipse IDE, using the source code bounded model checker CBMC as its backend. Avinux supports a verification process for Linux that is built upon specification annotations with SLICx (an extension of the SLIC language), automatic data environment creation, source code transformation and simplification, and the invocation of the verification backend. In this paper technical details of the verification process are presented: Using Avinux on thousands of drivers from various Linux versions led to the discovery of six new errors. In these experiments, Avinux also reduced the immense overhead of manual code preprocessing that other projects incurred. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Agmatine: Identification and inhibition of methamphetamine, kappa opioid, and cannabinoid withdrawal in planarians
Authors: Rawls Scott M. , Gerber Kristin , Ding Zhe , Roth Christopher , Raffa Robert B. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractAgmatine blocks morphine physical dependence in mammals, but its effects on withdrawal signs caused by other abused drugs have been less studied. One of the reasons is that withdrawal to some of these drugs is difficult to quantify in mammals. An alternative to mammals is planarians, a type of flatworm. Planarians possess mammalian‐like neurotransmitters and display withdrawal from amphetamines, benzodiazepines, cannabinoids, cocaine, and opioids. The withdrawal is manifested as a reduction in locomotor behavior following discontinuation of drug exposure. In the present study, our goal was to identify agmatine in planarians and to determine if planarians exposed to agmatine display withdrawal to methamphetamine, a cannabinoid receptor agonist (WIN 55,212‐2), or a κ‐opioid receptor agonist (U‐50,488H). Neurochemical experiments revealed that the concentration of agmatine in planarians was 185 ± 33.7 pmol per mg of planarian weight (dry weight). In behavioral experiments, withdrawal (i.e., reduced locomotor activity) was observed when planarians exposed to each drug (10 μM) for 60 min were placed into water. The withdrawal was attenuated when methamphetamine‐ or U‐50,488H‐exposed planarians were tested in agmatine (100 μM). Withdrawal was inhibited similarly when planarians coexposed to agmatine (100 μM) plus methamphetamine (10 μM), WIN 55,212‐2 (10 μM), or U‐50,488H (10 μM) were tested in water. Arginine, the metabolic precursor to agmatine, was ineffective. Our results identify endogenous agmatine in planarians and demonstrate that agmatine exposure blocks withdrawal to three different drugs in planarians. This suggests that a change in agmatine signaling is a common mechanism in the withdrawal caused by these drugs, at least in planarians. Synapse 62:927–934, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Risk factors for surgical‐site infections in head and neck cancer surgery
Authors: Lotfi Carlos Jorge , Cavalcanti Rita de Càssia , e Silva Adriana Maria Costa , Latorre Maria do Rosàrio Dias de Oliveira , Ribeiro Karina de Càssia Braga , Carvalho André Lopes , Kowalski Luiz Paulo 
Published: September 2008

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to identify risk factors for surgical‐site infections (SSIs) in patients with head and neck cancer submitted to major clean‐contaminated surgery.Study DesignThis is a prospective study conducted in a tertiary cancer center hospital.Subjects and MethodsThis study includes 258 patients submitted to a major clean‐contaminated head and neck oncologic surgery.ResultsThe overall SSI rate was 38.8%. The univariate analysis showed the following significant risk factors: race, tobacco consumption, clinical stage, comorbidities, time duration of the surgical procedure, and flap reconstruction. The final model by logistic regression identified the following independent predictors for SSI: tobacco consumption (odds ratio [OR] = 2.96), presence of metastatic lymph nodes (OR = 2.05), flap reconstruction (OR = 2.20), and antimicrobial prophylaxis exceeding 48 hours (OR=1.89).ConclusionThe high‐risk patients for SSI in head and neck oncologic surgery were those with cancer at advanced stages, those who were smokers, those presenting comorbidities, those who needed major reconstruction of the surgical wound, or those who were submitted to inadequate antibiotic prophylaxis.
A new approach to the assessment of marginal vitamin A deficiency in children in suburban Guwahati, India: hydrolysis of retinoyl glucuronide to retinoic acid
Authors: Sarma Pulin C. , Goswami Bhabesh C. , Gogoi Krishna , Bhattacharjee Harsha , Barua Arun B. 
Published: September 2008

The objective of the present study was to determine marginal vitamin A deficiency (VAD) by testing the hydrolysis of retinoyl glucuronide (RAG) to retinoic acid (RA) in children. Previous studies in rats showed that hydrolysis occurred when rats were vitamin A deficient. Children (n 61) aged 3–18 years, were divided into two groups, I and II. Blood was collected from the children in Group I (n 19) who were not dosed with RAG. Children in Group II (n 42) were administered all-trans retinoyl glucuronide (RAG) orally, and blood was collected 4 h after the dose. All serum samples were analysed for retinoids and carotenoids. RA was detected in serum only when serum retinol was < 0·85 μmol/l. Thus, hydrolysis of RAG to RA occurred in children with VAD or marginal VAD. Serum retinol was < 0·35 μmol/l in twenty-one children, 0·35–0·7 μmol/l in twenty-three children, 0·7–0·9 μmol/l in eleven children and >1 μmol/l in six children. Mean serum retinol in sixty-one children was 0·522 (sd 0·315) μmol/l. Mean β-carotene (0·016 (sd 0·015) μmol/l) was far below normal compared to the level of lutein (0·176 (sd 0·10) μmol/l) in sixty-one children. A low β-carotene level might be due to a low intake of carotene but high demand for vitamin A. The RAG hydrolysis test may prove to be a useful approach for the determination of marginal VAD with no clinical or subclinical signs of VAD. High prevalence of VAD amongst certain communities in Assam cannot be ruled out.
Vitamin D status among immigrant mothers from Pakistan, Turkey and Somalia and their infants attending child health clinics in Norway
Authors: Madar Ahmed A. , Stene Lars C. , Meyer Haakon E. 
Published: September 2008

High prevalences of vitamin D deficiency have been reported in non-Western immigrants moving to Western countries, including Norway, but there is limited information on vitamin D status in infants born to immigrant mothers. We aimed to describe the vitamin D status and potentially correlated factors among infants aged 6 weeks and their mothers with Pakistani, Turkish or Somali background attending child health clinics in Norway. Eighty-six healthy infants and their mothers with immigrant background were recruited at the routine 6-week check-up at nine centres between 2004 and 2006. Venous or capillary blood was collected at the clinics from the mother and infant, and serum separated for analysis of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (s-25(OH)D) and intact parathyroid hormone (s-iPTH). The mean maternal s-25(OH)D was 25·8 nmol/l, with 57 % below 25 nmol/l and 15 % below 12·5 nmol/l. Of the mothers, 26 % had s-iPTH>5·7 pmol/l. For infants, mean s-25(OH)D was 41·7 nmol/l, with 47 % below 25 nmol/l and 34 % below 12·5 nmol/l. s-25(OH)D was considerably lower in the thirty-one exclusively breast-fed infants (mean 11·1 nmol/l; P < 0·0001). Use of vitamin D supplements and education showed a positive association with maternal s-25(OH)D. There was no significant association between mother's and child's s-25(OH)D, and no significant ethnic or seasonal variation in s-25(OH)D for mothers or infants. In conclusion, there is widespread vitamin D deficiency in immigrant mothers and their infants living in Norway. Exclusively breast-fed infants who did not receive vitamin D supplements had particularly severe vitamin D deficiency.
Intergenerational programming of impaired nephrogenesis and hypertension in rats following maternal protein restriction during pregnancy
Authors: Harrison Matthew , Langley-Evans Simon C. 
Published: September 2008

Associations between birth weight and CVD in adult life are supported by experiments showing that undernutrition in fetal life programmes blood pressure. In rats, the feeding of a maternal low-protein (MLP) diet during gestation programmes hypertension. The present study aimed to assess the potential for a nutritional insult to impact across several generations. Pregnant female Wistar (F0) rats were fed a control (CON;n10) or MLP (n10) diet throughout gestation. At delivery all animals were fed a standard laboratory chow diet. At 10 weeks of age, F1generation offspring were mated to produce a second generation (F2) without any further dietary change. The same procedure produced an F3generation. Blood pressure in all generations was determined at 4, 6 and 8 weeks of age and nephron number was determined at 10 weeks of age. F1generation MLP-exposed offspring exhibited raised (P < 0·001) systolic blood pressure (male 143 (sem4) mmHg; female 141 (sem4) mmHg) compared with CON animals (male 132 (sem3) mmHg; female 134 (sem4) mmHg). Raised blood pressure and reduced nephron number was also noted in the F2generation (P < 0·001) and this intergenerational transmission occurred via both the maternal and paternal lines, as all three possible offspring crosses (MLP × CON, CON × MLP and MLP × MLP) were hypertensive (132 (sem3) mmHg) compared with CON animals (CON × CON; 123 (sem2) mmHg). No effect was noted in the F3generation. It is concluded that fetal protein restriction may play a critical role in determining blood pressure and overall disease risk in a subsequent generation.
Agent-based modelling of foraging behaviour: the impact of spatial heterogeneity on disease risks from faeces in grazing systems
Authors: MARION G. , SMITH L. A. , SWAIN D. L. , DAVIDSON R. S. , HUTCHINGS M. R. 
Published: September 2008

SUMMARYMany of the most pervasive disease challenges to livestock are transmitted via oral contact with faeces (or by faecal–aerosol) and the current paper focuses on how disease risk may depend on: spatial heterogeneity, animal searching behaviour, different grazing systems and faecal deposition patterns including those representative of livestock and a range of wildlife. A spatially explicit agent-based model was developed to describe the impact of empirically observed foraging and avoidance behaviours on the risk of disease presented by investigative and grazing contact with both livestock and wildlife faeces. To highlight the role of spatial heterogeneity on disease risks an analogous deterministic model, which ignores spatial heterogeneity and searching behaviour, was compared with the spatially explicit agent-based model. The models were applied to assess disease risks in temperate grazing systems. The results suggest that spatial heterogeneity is crucial in defining the disease risks to which individuals are exposed even at relatively small scales. Interestingly, however, although sensitive to other aspects of behaviour such as faecal avoidance, it was observed that disease risk is insensitive to search distance for typical domestic livestock restricted to small field plots. In contrast disease risk is highly sensitive to distributions of faecal contamination, in that contacts with highly clumped distributions of wildlife contamination are rare in comparison to those with more dispersed contamination. Finally it is argued that the model is a suitable framework to study the relative inter- and intra-specific disease risks posed to livestock under different realistic management regimes.
Fumigene: a model to study the impact of management rules and constraints on agricultural waste allocation at the farm level
Authors: CHARDON X. , RAISON C. , GALL A. LE , MORVAN T. , FAVERDIN P. 
Published: September 2008

SUMMARYIn France, many dairy farms plan the allocation of animal wastes to the fields of the farm at the beginning of every year. This decision is complex, because many factors must be taken into account at the field and farm scales, including increasingly constraining environmental regulations. To evaluate the environmental impact of waste allocation strategies, these strategies have to be translated into consistent decisions. The objective of the current study was to reproduce the decisions made by farmers, in a wide range of contexts. For this purpose, a linear programming model that could help in generating yearly waste allocations was developed. The model, called Fumigene, takes into account the farmer's preferences and environmental, agronomic and feasibility constraints. It was applied on two case farms and the simulated waste allocations were compared to those chosen by the farmers over periods of 3 and 4 years, respectively. The evaluation showed that the waste allocations generated by the model were consistent with the strategies of the farmers. Fumigene was then used in investigating the impact of taking into account the phosphorus (P) fertilization constraints instead of only the nitrogen constraints. In the case studied, balancing P fertilization over 5 years led to small changes in waste allocation. Balancing P fertilization every year caused bigger changes and led to export of a part of the wastes. In a general way, Fumigene can be coupled with environmental evaluation tools to compare the impacts of different waste allocation strategies.
Impaired conscious and preserved unconscious inhibitory processing in recent onset schizophrenia
Authors: Huddy V. C. , Aron A. R. , Harrison M. , Barnes T. R. E. , Robbins T. W. , Joyce E. M. 
Published: September 2008

BackgroundImpairments in inhibitory function have been found in studies of cognition in schizophrenia. These have been linked to a failure to adequately maintain the task demands in working memory. As response inhibition is known to occur in both voluntary and involuntary processes, an important question is whether both aspects of response inhibition are specifically impaired in people with schizophrenia.MethodThe subjects were 33 patients presenting with a first episode of psychosis (27 with schizophrenia and six with schizo-affective disorder) and 24 healthy controls. We administered two motor response tasks: voluntary response inhibition was indexed by the stop-signal task and involuntary response inhibition by the masked priming task. We also administered neuropsychological measures of IQ and executive function to explore their associations with response inhibition.ResultsPatients with schizophrenia compared to healthy controls showed significantly increased duration of the voluntary response inhibition process, as indexed by the stop-signal reaction time (SSRT). By contrast, there were no group differences on the pattern of priming on the masked priming task, indicative of intact involuntary response inhibition. Neuropsychological measures revealed that voluntary response inhibition is not necessarily dependent on working memory.ConclusionsThese data provide evidence for a specific impairment of voluntary response inhibition in schizophrenia.
The perfective past tense in Greek child language
Authors: STAVRAKAKI STAVROULA , CLAHSEN HARALD 
Published: September 2008

ABSTRACTThis study examines the perfective past tense of Greek in an elicited production and an acceptability judgment task testing 35 adult native speakers and 154 children in six age groups (age range: 3 ; 5 to 8 ; 5) on both existing and novel verb stimuli. We found a striking contrast between sigmatic and non-sigmatic perfective past tense forms. Sigmatic forms (which have a segmentable perfective affix (-s-) in Greek) were widely generalized to different kinds of novel verbs in both children and adults and were overgeneralized to existing non-sigmatic verbs in children's productions. By contrast, non-sigmatic forms were only extended to novel verbs that were similar to existing non-sigmatic verbs, and overapplications of non-sigmatic forms to existing sigmatic verbs were extremely rare. We argue that these findings are consistent with dual-mechanism accounts of morphology.
Type-safe higher-order channels with channel locality
Authors: PARK SUNGWOO , IM HYEONSEUNG 
Published: September 2008

AbstractAs a means of transmitting not only data but also code encapsulated within functions, higher-order channels provide an advanced form of task parallelism in parallel computations. In the presence of mutable references, however, they pose a safety problem because references may be transmitted to remote threads where they are no longer valid. This paper presents an ML-like parallel language withtype-safehigher-order channels. By type safety, we mean that no value written to a channel contains references, or equivalently, that no reference escapes via a channel from the thread where it is created. The type system uses a typing judgment that is capable of deciding whether the value to which a term evaluates contains references or not. The use of such a typing judgment also makes it easy to achieve another desirable feature of channels,channel locality, that associates every channel with a unique thread for serving all values addressed to it. Our type system permits mutable references in sequential computations and also ensures that mutable references never interfere with parallel computations. Thus, it provides both flexibility in sequential programming and ease of implementing parallel computations.