bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Framework Structure, Phase Transition, and Transport Properties in MIIZr4(PO4)6 Compounds (MII = Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Mn, Co, Ni, Zn, Cd, and Pb)
Authors: Nomura Katsuhiro , Ikeda Shoichiro , Ito Kaname , Einaga Hisahiko 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
The crystal structure, phase transition, electrical conduction behavior of various kinds of MIIZr4(PO4)6 (MIIZP) compounds (MII = Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Mn, Co, Ni, Zn, Cd, and Pb) have been investigated. The Mg, Co, Ni, and Zn compounds are of the β-Fe2(SO4)3-type structure and show an order-disorder transition between 600 and 720 °C; the Ca, Sr, Ba, Cd, and Pb compounds, however, are of the NASICON-type structure and do not show any phase transition between r.t. and 1000 °C. The Mn compound sintered at 900 °C shows the former characteristics (the phase transition temperature is around 560 °C), and that sintered above 900 °C the latter. The ZnZP and MnZP show the highest conductivity, ca. 2 × 10−3 and ca. 8 × 10−4 S cm−1 at 800 °C, in the β-Fe2(SO4)3- and the NASICON-type structure, respectively. The ionic size of the mobile cation is the predominant factor regarding ionic conduction in the zirconium phosphate framework.
Crystal and Molecular Structures of Acetoacetanilide, and o- and p-Chloroacetoacetanilides: X-Ray Crystallographic and MO Study
Authors: Kubozono Yoshihiro , Kohno Isao , Ooishi Kazuo , Namazue Sakuhiro , Haisa Masao , Kashino Setsuo 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
X-Ray structure analyses and MO calculations have been performed for acetoacetanilide (AAA), and o- and p-chloroacetoacetanilides (o-CAAA and p-CAAA) in order to elucidate the contribution of hydrogen bonding to crystal and molecular structures. The molecular conformations have been classified into two categories, planar for o-CAAA and nonplanar for AAA and p-CAAA. The molecular conformation of o-CAAA can be well-reproduced by the geometry optimization based on the AM1 (Austin Model 1) MO method, while those of AAA and p-CAAA are different from the optimized geometries. The deviation from the optimized structure can be explained on the basis of the formation of intermolecular hydrogen bonding and C–H···O=C interactions in the crystals. The hydrogen bonding of these compounds is discussed together with the infrared (IR) spectral data.
Dehydrative Glycosylation Using Heptabenzyl Derivatives of Glucobioses and Lactose
Authors: Koto Shinkiti , Morishima Naohiko , Shichi Sonoko , Haigoh Hisamitsu , Hirooka Motoko , Okamoto Mitsuko , Higuchi Takashi , Shimizu Koichi , Hashimoto Yosuke , Irisawa Terumi , Kawasaki Hidehiro , Takahashi Yasushi , Yamazaki Masayo , Mori Yoko , Kudo Keiko , Ikegaki Takako , Suzuki Sonoe , Zen Shonosuke 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
Dehydrative glycosylations of the 2-, 3-, 4-, and 6-OH groups of d-glucopyranose with hepta-O-benzyl derivatives of glucobioses (O-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→n)-d-glucopyranose; n = 2, 3, 4, or 6) and lactose, in the presence of a ternary mixture of p-nitrobenzenesulfonyl chloride, silver trifluoromethanesulfonate, and triethylamine in dichloromethane showed that the selectivity of the reaction depended on the anomeric configuration and the linking position to the reducing tribenzylglucose moiety of the nonreducing tetrabenzylglucosyl residue and on the class of the OH group to be glycosylated. The use of a quaternary mixture of p-nitrobenzenesulfonyl chloride, silver trifluoromethanesulfonate, N,N-dimethylacetamide, and triethylamine made all but the β(1→2)-linked biosyl donor undergo α-condensation. Several new linear trisaccharides were obtained via debenzylation of the condensates.
Effect of Artificial Boundary Lipid on the Membrane Dynamics of Human Glycophorin-Containing Liposome
Authors: Goto Mitsuaki , Sunamoto Junzo 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
Membrane dynamics of egg yolk phosphatidylcholine (egg PC) lipid bilayer which contains human glycophorin with an artificial boundary lipid, 1,2-dimyristoylamido-1,2-deoxyphosphatidylcholine (DDPC), were investigated by ESR spin probe technique. 2-Tridecyl-2-(4-hydroxy-4-oxoundecyl)-4,4-dimethyl-3-oxazolidinyloxy (5-NS), 2-octyl-2-(7-ethoxy-7-oxoheptyl)-4,4-dimethyl-3-oxazolidinyloxy (8-ENP), and 2-hexyl-2-(11-methoxy-11-oxoundecyl)-4,4-dimethyl-3-oxazolidinyloxy (12-MNS) were used as the spin probe to measure the fluidity in different regions and depths of the lipid bilayer membrane. Studies on lipid bilayer containing 5-NS revealed that the reconstitution of glycophorin to egg PC bilayer slightly decreased the membrane fluidity in the vicinity of membrane surface. Further addition of DDPC to this liposome brought about further decrease in the fluidity of this region. Liposomes containing 12-MNS revealed, however, that the addition of glycophorin had an opposite effect on the deep hydrophobic domain of the membrane by increasing the fluidity and the addition of DDPC to the liposome makes this domain less fluid. Corresponding changes were observed in the energy of activation for the rotation of 12-MNS during each case.
Thermochromism of 5,10,15,20-Tetraarylporphyrins at Low Temperature
Authors: Mori Yukie , Sasaki Masako , Daian Chie , Yamada Sachiko , Maeda Koko 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
5,10,15,20-Tetrakis(4-aminophenyl)porphyrin [T(p-NH2)PP] exhibited thermochromism in 2-methyltetrahydrofuran. In the electronic spectrum at 77 K four Q bands largely shifted to longer wavelength and relative intensities changed. The electronic spectrum of T(p-NH2)PP was also influenced by the nature of solvents. In strong hydrogen-bond accepting solvents Q bands were red-shifted and the resulting spectrum resembles that recorded at low temperature. Based on the solvent effect and substituent effects, the thermochromism of T(p-NH2)PP can be attributed to enhancement of hydrogen-bonds between p-NH2 group and solvent molecules at lower temperature, which causes increase of effective electron-donating ability of p-NH2 group. In alcoholic solvents T(p-NH2)PP and T(p-OH)PP showed another type of temperature dependence of absorption spectra.
Cyanodithioformate Complexes of Cyclopentadientylruthenium(II). Synthesis, Spectral and Electrochemical Study
Authors: Prasad Rajendra , Agarwala U C 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
A series of mono and binuclear cyanodithioformate (cdf) complexes with [RuIICpL2] [L = PPh3, AsPh3, SbPh3, (dppe)1/2, (dppm)1/2], exploiting its different coordination modes have been synthesized. Various physical and electrochemical methods have been used to characterize them. cdf by virtue of its vacant π* orbital introduces a low laying energy state in the compounds that facilitates Ru → cdf (dπ → π*) MLCT transition. MLCT band, upon dimerizaion shows red shift, whose magnitude depends upon site of attachment of second ruthenium moiety [, 3750 cm−1 for μ(η1–S; η1–S′) and 1010 cm−1 for μ(η1–S; η1–N) cdf complexes]. All complexes exhibit anodic oxidation peaks except binuclear μ(η1–S, η1–S′) cdf complex which exhibits reversible oxidation wave E1/2, −0.20 V vs. SCE in acetonitrite. Their spectral and electrochemical behavior are correlated with the σ, π characterstics of cdf and ruthenium moieties.
A New Synthesis of Pyrazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidines from Acetylenic β-Diketones
Authors: Marei Mohamed Gaber , Aly Dalia Mahmoud , Mishrikey Morcos Michael 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
5-Aryl-2-phenylpyrazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidine-7(6H)-thiones have been synthesized by the reaction of 1,5-diaryl-4-pentyne-1,3-diones with thiosemicarbazide and their reactions were studied. The pyrazolopyrimidinethiones give with certain electrophiles the respective 3-substituted 7-thiones. Their oxidation affords the corresponding disulfide. Moreover, they can be converted to the corresponding pyrazolopyrimidinones on reaction with alkaline hydrogen peroxide. The structure of the above compounds was confirmed from their spectral characteristics.
Studies on the Viscosities, Conductances, and Adiabatic Compressibilities of Some Tetraalkylammonium Perchlorates in 2-Methoxyethanol
Authors: Das Bijan , Hazra Dilip K 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
Electrical conductances, relative viscosities, and apparent molal adiabatic compressibilities of solutions of some symmetrical tetraalkylammonium perchlorates in 2-methoxyethanol (ME) have been reported. The conductance data have been analyzed by the 1978 Fuoss conductance equation and the viscosity data by the Jones–Dole equation for associated electrolytes. The ionic contribution to the limiting equivalent conductance, viscosity B coefficient and other thermodynamic parameters have been determined using the “reference electrolyte” method. The viscosity data show that the tetraalkylammonium ions are poorly solvated and behave as structure-breakers in 2-methoxyethanol. Analysis of the conductance as well as the compressibility data reveals the existence of strong ion-ion interactions in this solvent medium. The compressibility data also indicate the electrostriction of solvent molecules around the tetraethylammonium ion, while for the larger tetraalkylammonium ions they are accommodated inside the space between the coiled alkyl chains attached to the nitrogen atom.
Substituent Effects on the Aggregation of Bacteriochlorophyll d Homologues Purified from Chlorobium limicola
Authors: Nozawa Tsunenori , Ohtomo Katsunori , Takeshita Naohiro , Morishita Yumi , Osawa Masatoshi , Madigan Michael T 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
Six bacteriochlorophyll (BChl) d homologues were isolated from Chlorobium limicola. The absorption spectral profiles in hexane–dichloromethane and the solvent effects indicate that the aggregation property of the BChl d’s strongly depend on the nature of the peripheral substituents.
Photochemical Reactions of 4-Oxo Carboxylic Esters: Remote Hydrogen Abstraction and Cis-Trans Isomerization
Authors: Hasegawa Tadashi , Takashima Kumiko , Aoyama Hiromu , Yoshioka Michikazu 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
Upon irradiation, 2-benzyloxyethyl and 2-methoxyethyl 2-benzoylbenzoate underwent photocyclization through remote θ-hydrogen abstraction, though 2-benzyloxyethyl 3-benzoylacrylate underwent only cis-trans photoisomerization and 2-benzyloxyethyl 3-benzoylpropionate gave an intractable mixture. Conformational restriction is an important factor for remote hydrogen abstraction.
Formation of Charged Species in (n, γ) Activated 2-Bromopropionic Acid: An Atypical Case
Authors: Mishra Shuddhodan Prasad , Rakib-Uz-Zaman Md 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
(n, γ) Activation of dibromomethane, tribromomethane, 1-bromonaphthalene, 2-bromophenol and 2-bromopropionic acid has been studied in liquid phase by Charge Plate Technique. A (Ra–Be) neutron source of 300 mCi having an integral flux of 3.2 × 106 n cm−2 s−1 was used for the production of energetic bromine species. Both anionic and cationic charged species have been collected on charged plates for the targets used except in 2-bromopropionic acid where cathode activity was found nil. This result is unique and never observed before for pure liquid bromocompounds using charge plate collection experiments.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Pyridooxazine–Tetrahydroisoquinoline Derivatives as MDR Modulators
Authors: Ma Chen , Liu Shao-Jie , Xin Liang , Zhang Qun , Ding Kai , Falck J R , Shin Dong-Soo 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
Pyridooxazine–tetrahydroisoquinoline derivatives were designed and synthesized for MDR modulating activity. Pyridooxazin-2-one scaffolds were constructed in a one-pot annulation of N-substituted-2-chloroacetamides with 2-bromo-3-hydroxy pyridine via Smiles rearrangement. The Pictet–Spengler cyclization to form tetrahydroisoquinoline ring afforded target compounds in 17–37% overall yields. Some of these compounds exhibited multidrug resistance (MDR) reversing activity.
From Industrial Colorants to Single Photon Sources and Biolabels: The Fascination and Function of Rylene Dyes
Authors: Herrmann Andreas , Müllen Klaus 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
Perylene dyes are key chromophores in dyestuff chemistry. The solubility, absorption, and emission behavior of this class of materials can be efficiently controlled by functionalization using a variety of different synthetic procedures. Moreover, these chemical modifications have allowed their widespread application as functional dyes. New NIR-absorbers have been synthesized by introducing additional naphthalene units to the perylene scaffold to form the higher homologues of the series of rylenediimides. Such dyes can be used for laser welding and laser marking of polymers. Highly fluorescent nanoparticles containing multiple chromophores have been prepared by decorating polyphenylene dendrimers with rylenes on the surface. Depending on the chromophoric interactions, these types of materials can serve as single photon sources. When in addition to the surface, the interior and the dendritic scaffold are equipped with donor and acceptor dyes, synthetic light-harvesting complexes are obtained, which collect light from the whole visible spectrum. Due to the outstanding chemical and photochemical stabilities as well as their high fluorescence quantum yields, the perylene- and terrylenediimides have been established as key chromophores for single molecule spectroscopy allowing photophysical processes, e.g. energy and electron transfer to be studied on the single molecule level over extended periods of time. With water soluble rylene dyes single molecule measurements regarding biological problems can now be addressed as well. The same set of favorable properties also makes the rylene dyes excellent candidates for applications in organic electronic devices.
Isolation and Characterization of an Allenylthioketene and 4-Methylenecyclobutenethiones Generated by Thermal Reaction of Alkynyl Propargyl Sulfides
Authors: Aoyagi Shigenobu , Sugimura Katsuaki , Kanno Nobuya , Watanabe Dai , Shimada Kazuaki , Takikawa Yuji 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
Alkynyl propargyl sulfides underwent [3,3] sigmatropic rearrangement followed by ring closure to afford isolable 4-methylenecyclobutenethiones, and an intermediary allenylthioketene 2 was isolated by heating t-butyldimethylsilylethynyl propargyl sulfide.
Highly Selective Fluoride Ion Detection Based on a Fluorescent Alizarin–o-Aminomethylphenylboronic Acid Ensemble in Aqueous MeOH Solution
Authors: Kubo Yuji , Ishida Tomohisa , Minami Tsuyoshi , James Tony D 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
A self-organized fluorescent sensor consisting of alizarin and o-aminomethylphenylboronic acid 1 is presented, the ensemble shows highly selective fluoride ion-response in H2O–MeOH (1:4 w/w) at pH 5.5. Compound 1 (pKa = 5.63) at pH 5.5 in the solution follows the equilibrium: alizarin–1 + H+1H+ + alizarin. Thus, F− added into the solution preferably binds to 1H+ to allow the ensemble to release alizarin, resulting in a fluorescence quenching.
Recovery of Lighter Fuels from Petroleum Residual Oil by Oxidative Cracking with Steam over Zr–Al–FeOx Catalyst
Authors: Fumoto Eri , Tago Teruoki , Masuda Takao 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
Zirconia-including iron catalyst with high durability was successfully prepared which had high activity for recovering lighter fuels from petroleum residual oil in a steam atmosphere. Zirconia dispersed highly in iron catalyst supplied enough amount of active oxygen species from steam into iron oxide lattice. Lattice oxygen in iron oxide reacted with heavy oil. Thus, oxidative cracking of heavy oil with steam was accelerated over iron catalyst with highly dispersed zirconia without any lack of lattice oxygen of iron oxide.
Detection of citrate overdose in critically ill patients on citrate-anticoagulated venovenous haemofiltration: use of ionised and total/ionised calcium
Authors: Bakker Andries J. , Boerma E. Christiaan , Keidel Halbe , Kingma Peter , van der Voort Peter H.J. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractClin Chem Lab Med 2006;44:962–6.
Establishment of reference distributions and decision values for thyroid antibodies against thyroid peroxidase (TPOAb), thyroglobulin (TgAb) and the thyrotropin receptor (TRAb)
Authors: Jensen Esther A. , Petersen Per Hyltoft , Blaabjerg Ole , Hansen Pia Skov , Brix Thomas H. , Hegedüs Laszlo 
Published: August 2006

AbstractClin Chem Lab Med 2006;44:991–8.
Evaluation of the analytical performance of the advanced method for cardiac troponin I for the AxSYM platform: comparison with the old method and the Access system
Authors: Storti Simona , Prontera Concetta , Parri Maria Serena , Iervasi Annalisa , Vittorini Simona , Emdin Michele , Carlo Zucchelli Gian , Longombardo Giovanni , Migliorini Paola , Clerico Aldo 
Published: August 2006

AbstractClin Chem Lab Med 2006;44:1022–9.
Optimization of an enzymatic method for the determination of lysosomal N-acetyl-β-D-hexosaminidase and β-glucuronidase in synovial fluid
Authors: Marciniak Justyna , Zalewska Anna , Popko Janusz , Zwierz Krzysztof 
Published: August 2006

AbstractClin Chem Lab Med 2006;44:933–7.
Fifteen polymorphisms in endothelin-1, endothelin-2 and endothelin-receptor-A genotyped by four duplex assays and seven simple assays on a LightCycler using hybridization probes
Authors: Arjomand-Nahad Farhad , Landt Olfert , Stangl Karl , Diefenbach Konstanze , Roots Ivar 
Published: August 2006

AbstractEndothelins (EDNs) are peptides, produced by various tissues, with potent vasoactive and mitogenic properties. Endothelin actions are mediated via specific G protein-coupled receptors of two subtypes, endothelin-receptor-A (EDNRA) and endothelin-receptor-B (EDNRB). Some polymorphisms of theClin Chem Lab Med 2006;44:929–32.
Herb–Drug Interactions in Oncology: Focus on Mechanisms of Induction
Authors: Meijerman Irma , Beijnen Jos H. , Schellens Jan H.M. 
Published: August 2006

Abstract

Learning Objectives
After completing this course, the reader will be able to: Describe the possible pharmacokinetic interactions between complementary alternative medicines and oncolytic drugs and the clinical consequences thereof.Define the role of the nuclear receptors PXR, CAR, and VDR in herb–drug interactions.Discuss methods to measure induction of drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters.
Access and take the CME test online and receive 1 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit™ at CME.TheOncologist.com
An increasing number of cancer patients are using complementary and alternative medicines (CAM) in combination with their conventional chemotherapeutic treatment. Considering the narrow therapeutic window of oncolytic drugs, this CAM use increases the risk of clinically relevant herb–anticancer drug interactions. Such a relevant interaction is that of St. John's wort with the anticancer drugs irinotecan and imatinib. It is, however, estimated that CAM–anticancer drug interactions are responsible for substantially more unexpected toxicities of chemotherapeutic drugs and possible undertreatment seen in cancer patients.
Induction of drug-metabolizing enzymes and ATP-binding cassette drug transporters can be one of the mechanisms behind CAM–anticancer drug interactions. Induction will often lead to therapeutic failure because of lower plasma levels of the anticancer drugs, and will easily go unrecognized in cancer treatment, where therapeutic failure is common.
Recently identified nuclear receptors, such as the pregnane X receptor, the constitutive androstane receptor, and the vitamin D-binding receptor, play an important role in the induction of metabolizing enzymes and drug transporters. This knowledge has already been an aid in the identification of some CAM probably capable of causing interactions with anticancer drugs: kava-kava, vitamin E, quercetin, ginseng, garlic, β-carotene, and echinacea. Evidently, more research is necessary to prevent therapeutic failure and toxicity in cancer patients and to establish guidelines for CAM use.
Partnerships in Oncology and Radiology: The Role of Radiology in the Detection, Staging, and Follow-up of Lung Cancer
Authors: Lobrano Mary Beth 
Published: August 2006

Abstract

Learning Objectives
After completing this course, the reader will be able to: Describe the limitations of chest radiographs in detecting lung cancers.Discuss the current status of lung cancer screening.Identify the benefits and limitations of PET/CT in the diagnosis, staging, and follow-up of lung cancer.
Access and take the CME test online and receive 1 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit™ at CME.TheOncologist.com
In this review, I examine the multifaceted role of radiology in the diagnosis, staging, and management of lung cancer, highlighting new applications and modalities such as computer-aided detection of lung nodules and positron emission tomography/computed tomography for staging and monitoring response to therapy. Lung cancer screening is also discussed.
RFA for Liver Tumors: Does It Really Work?
Authors: Higgins Heather , Berger David L. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe use of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is increasing in the treatment of both primary and metastatic hepatic tumors. However, the role of RFA has yet to be clearly defined in patients who are still considered amenable to surgical intervention. Future prospective studies are needed to define whether RFA can be used as an alternative to surgery in certain patient populations. In the interim, radiofrequency ablation technology will continue to advance and serve as both a palliative and potentially curative intervention for individuals with hepatic tumors.
Combined Modality Therapy for Stage III Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Stinchcombe Thomas E. , Fried Daniel , Morris David E. , Socinski Mark A. 
Published: August 2006

Abstract

Learning Objectives
After completing this course, the reader will be able to: Discuss the evidence to date on the role of chemotherapy in the treatment of stage III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).Discuss the evidence to date on the role of radiotherapy in the treatment of stage III NSCLC.Describe ongoing chemotherapy trials and radiotherapy trials in stage III NSCLC.
Access and take the CME test online and receive 1 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit™ at CME.TheOncologist.com
Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer death in the U.S. among both men and women. Approximately 45% of patients present with stage III disease. A proportion of these patients is amenable to surgical resection; however, the majority are “unresectable.” For patients with unresectable stage IIIA/B disease, thoracic radiation therapy (TRT) was considered the standard of care until the late 1980s despite a very poor 5-year survival rate. Several clinical trials demonstrated that the combination of chemotherapy and TRT was superior to TRT alone. Based on these data, combined modality therapy became the standard of care for patients with good performance status. Recent trials have shown that concurrent chemoradiotherapy offers a significant survival advantage over sequential chemoradiotherapy. Despite a substantial number of clinical trials, important questions on the optimal treatment paradigm remain. The most effective chemotherapy combination, the use of induction or consolidation chemotherapy in addition to the concurrent portion of therapy, and the optimal dose of chemotherapy with concurrent TRT have yet to be determined. The optimal total dose, fractionation, acceleration, treatment volume, and tumor targeting remain questions related to the TRT portion of therapy. Although significant progress has been made, the majority of patients experience locoregional or distant progression of their disease and die within 5 years of diagnosis. Thus, continued development and participation in clinical trials is crucial to further improvements in the treatment of patients with stage III disease.