bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A survey of modern authorship attribution methods
Authors: Stamatatos Efstathios 
Published: December 2008

AbstractAuthorship attribution supported by statistical or computational methods has a long history starting from the 19th century and is marked by the seminal study of Mosteller and Wallace (1964) on the authorship of the disputed “Federalist Papers.” During the last decade, this scientific field has been developed substantially, taking advantage of research advances in areas such as machine learning, information retrieval, and natural language processing. The plethora of available electronic texts (e.g., e‐mail messages, online forum messages, blogs, source code, etc.) indicates a wide variety of applications of this technology, provided it is able to handle short and noisy text from multiple candidate authors. In this article, a survey of recent advances of the automated approaches to attributing authorship is presented, examining their characteristics for both text representation and text classification. The focus of this survey is on computational requirements and settings rather than on linguistic or literary issues. We also discuss evaluation methodologies and criteria for authorship attribution studies and list open questions that will attract future work in this area.
Do open‐access journals in library and information science have any scholarly impact? A bibliometric study of selected open‐access journals using Google Scholar
Authors: Mukherjee Bhaskar 
Published: December 2008

AbstractUsing 17 fully open‐access journals published uninterruptedly during 2000 to 2004 in the field of library and information science, the present study investigates the impact of these open‐access journals in terms of quantity of articles published, subject distribution of the articles, synchronous and diachronous impact factor, immediacy index, and journals' and authors' self‐citation. The results indicate that during this 5‐year publication period, there are as many as 1,636 articles published by these journals. At the same time, the articles have received a total of 8,591 Web citations during a 7‐year citation period. Eight of 17 journals have received more than 100 citations. First Monday received the highest number of citations; however, the average number of citations per article was the highest in D‐Lib Magazine. The value of the synchronous impact factor varies from 0.6989 to 1.0014 during 2002 to 2005, and the diachronous impact factor varies from 1.472 to 2.487 during 2000 to 2004. The range of the immediacy index varies between 0.0714 and 1.395. D‐Lib Magazine has an immediacy index value above 0.5 in all the years whereas the immediacy index value varies from year to year for the other journals. When the citations of sample articles were analyzed according to source, it was found that 40.32% of the citations came from full‐text articles, followed by 33.35% from journal articles. The percentage of journals' self‐citation was only 6.04%.
Hinterlüftete Außenwände, konstruiert aufgrund der von Karl Gertis erarbeiteten bauphysikalischen Grundlagen
Authors: Cziesielski Erich 
Published: December 2008

AbstractDie grundlegende Arbeit über die Wirkungsweise und die geometrischen Randbedingungen bei der Konstruktion hinterlüfteter Außenwandkonstruktionen hat Karl Gertis mit seiner Habilitationsschrift verfasst. Auch in der geplanten Neufassung von DIN 18516‐1:2008‐09 wird auf die grundlegenden Ergebnisse seiner Arbeit unverändert zugegriffen werden. Weiterführende Arbeiten wurden unter anderem über die anzusetzenden Windlastannahmen und die korrosionshemmende Wirkung hinterlüfteter Außenwände von Janser und Marquardt durchgeführt. Durch die nachträgliche Montage von hinterlüfteten Außenwandkonstruktionen auf die geschädigten Wände des Großtafelbaus kann sowohl die Wärmedämmung verbessert werden als auch eine Sanierung der Fugen erfolgen; insbesondere wird aber durch das Aufbringen hinterlüfteter Außenwandkonstruktionen der Korrosionsschutz wesentlich verbessert. Im Folgenden werden die Wirkmechanismen hinsichtlich der Reduzierung der Windlast und des Korrosionsschutzes beschrieben.
Schalldämmung mit Vakuumisolationspaneelen: Messung und rechnerische Modellierung
Authors: Maysenhölder Waldemar 
Published: December 2008

AbstractDie Luftschalldämmung von Vakuumisolationspaneelen (VIP) mit verschiedenen Stützmaterialien (Kieselsäure, Polyurethan u. a.) wurde messtechnisch im Prüfstand erfasst und rechnerisch mit dem IBP‐Programm LAYERS modelliert. Außerdem wurden mithilfe von Modalanalysen E‐Moduln und Verlustfaktoren bestimmt. Die untersuchten VIP verhalten sich akustisch in erster Näherung wie homogene, elastisch isotrope Platten. Dies ergibt sich aus dem Vergleich zwischen gemessenen und berechneten Schalldämmkurven. Die bewerteten Schalldämm‐Maße Rw liegen zwischen 18 und 29 dB, was in erster Linie durch die Masse des VIP bestimmt ist. Diskrepanzen zwischen E‐Moduln aus den Modalanalysen und den für LAYERS benutzten Werten lassen darauf schließen, dass die Frequenzabhängigkeit der elastischen Moduln – und damit auch der Verlustfaktoren – im Allgemeinen nicht vernachlässigbar ist. Bei Beschädigung (“Belüftung”) eines VIP verschlechtert sich die Schalldämmung in aller Regel – zum Teil drastisch, insbesondere wenn das Stützmaterial zusammensackt und das Paneel im oberen Teil sehr dünn und leicht wird. Mehrschichtige Aufbauten mit integriertem VIP (z. B. leichte Fassadenpaneele) erreichten im Prüfstand nicht ganz die aufgrund von LAYERS‐Prognosen erwartete Schalldämmung. Dies dürfte hauptsächlich auf die teilweise mangelhafte Verklebung der Schichten zurückzuführen sein. Mit LAYERS wurde gezeigt, dass sich eine VIP‐Verkleidung einer Massivwand in der Regel nicht negativ auf deren Schalldämmung auswirkt.
Ergebnisse einer Evaluierung von Energiekonzepten für Bürogebäude und Schlussfolgerungen für die Energieeffizienz und das Raumklima
Authors: Plesser Stefan , Kuchen Ernesto , Fisch M. Norbert 
Published: December 2008

AbstractBürogebäude sind seit den 1970‐er Jahren Teil öffentlicher Diskussion und intensiver wissenschaftlicher Untersuchungen. Eine Dringlichkeit erhielt der Untersuchungsbedarf von Energieeffizienz und Nutzerkomfort in den letzten 15 Jahren im Zuge der Entwicklung hin zu weitgehend verglasten Fassaden: die öffentliche Schelte für Architekten und Ingenieure sowie auch die teilweise fragwürdig geführte Fachdiskussion brachten Informationsdefizite zum Vorschein. Mit dem Ziel, dieses Informationsdefizit zu reduzieren, wurde das Forschungsprojekt “Evaluierung von Energiekonzepten für Bürogebäude (EVA)” durchgeführt. Es wurden 19 Bürogebäude untersucht.
Passivhaus contra bioclimatic design
Authors: Krainer Alesš 
Published: December 2008

AbstractIn recent years, Passivhaus has become religious movement. It steals into various European strategic documents like Action Plan for Energy Efficiency: Realising the Potential (2006) and Resolution of European Parliament (2007/2106(INI)). This article deals with the concept of internal environment and compares the passive and the bioclimatic concepts.
Adapting buildings to climate changes
Authors: Radu Adrian , Vasilache Maricica , Avram Costel 
Published: December 2008

AbstractAttic floors are a favoured solution in refurbishing/rehabilitating residential buildings as well as for new buildings in Romania, under the conditions of climate changes and especially for adapting to the global warming phenomenon. Optimizing the thermal protection during the hot season can be made by a layer of ventilated air disposed directly under the roof covering. In order to analyse the ventilation process, and to establish design recommendations the authors have used a physical small scale model, in laboratory conditions, according the Grashof criterion. The paper is presenting a profitable utilization of similitude conditions leading to opportunities of analysing the indoor ventilation in passive system for a better energy efficiency.
The Influence of the thermal insulation of the window frameworks on the energy performance of the window
Authors: Moga Ioan , Moga Ligia 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe paper presents the energetic performances of a window in diverse constructive realization solutions and the thermal protection of its frame. The study made has at its basis the numeric analysis of the temperature field upon the effect made by the joining of the thermal insulation from the walls on the embrasures of the window hole. The heat transfer through the window‐wall‐insulation ensemble was determined with the help of the “WINDOW‐WALL” calculus program derived from the calculus program CIMPSPAT, made by the authors in the variant 2008 (first variant in 1980) written in the programming language Delphi under Windows environment. The analysis of the interior microclimate conditions existing in the dwelling houses from our country, leads to the necessity of a better knowing of the heat transfer phenomena closer to the real phenomenon that takes place in the case of the windows placed in different situations of exploitation. The practical finding of different behavior of windows, the condense phenomenon met on the interior surface of the window framework and the contour in which the window is placed, calls for the necessity of the calculus presented in the paper.
Wärme‐ und Feuchtetransport in Vakuumisolationspaneelen
Authors: Beck Andreas , Binder Markus 
Published: December 2008

AbstractWegen ihrer extrem niedrigen Wärmeleitfähigkeit und der damit verbundenen Möglichkeiten, mit geringen Bauteildicken hochwertig zu dämmen, haben Vakuumisolationspaneele (VIP) innerhalb kurzer Zeit Verbreitung im Bauwesen gefunden – insbesondere in Situationen, in denen andere Dämmstoffe aus Platzgründen nicht in Frage kommen. Da noch keine Langzeiterfahrungen über die Alterung der Paneele vorhanden sind, muss beim Bemessungswert der Wärmeleitfähigkeit im Moment allerdings noch mit hohen Sicherheitszuschlägen gerechnet werden, vor allem wegen des über die Nutzungsdauer stattfindenden Gaseintrags. Besonders von Interesse ist hierbei das Verhalten von aus der Umgebung eindiffundierendem Wasserdampf. Während die Auswirkungen von trockenen Gasen genau bezifferbar sind, überlagern sich beim Stoff‐ und Wärmetransport durch Wasser verschiedene Vorgänge, die die Wärmeleitung im VIP deutlich erhöhen, aber messtechnisch nur schwer erfassbar sind. Daher wurde ein theoretisches Modell entwickelt, das den Wärmestrom auf Grundlage der kinetischen Gastheorie für Molekularströmung und Oberflächendiffusion beschreibt und darüber hinaus Rückschlüsse auf die Diffusionseigenschaften des Kernmaterials zulässt.
Assessment of the efficacy and safety of low frequency, low intensity magnetic fields in patients after knee endoprosthesis plasty. Part 2: A Clinical Study
Authors: Błaszczak Edward , Franek Andrzej , Taradaj Jakub , Widuchowski Jerzy , Klimczak Jerzy 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe purpose of this clinical study was to assess low frequency, low intensity magnetic fields in the enhancement of the physical rehabilitation of patients after knee endoprosthesis surgery. The study included 62 patients who underwent total knee arthroplasty. Group A consisted of 32 patients who were physically rehabilitated. Group B consisted of 30 patients who were physically rehabilitated and treated additionally with pulsing magnetic fields (5 mT, 30 Hz, 20 min once a day, 5 days weekly). Therapy lasted 3 weeks for both groups. The rehabilitation process was evaluated using a goniometer, tensometer, goniometric pendulum test, Lysholm scale for knee function, and a visual analogue scale (VAS) questionnaire for pain and activity. The changes of measured rates were comparable in both groups. Low frequency and low intensity magnetic fields of examined parameters were not demonstrated to effectively improve the rehabilitation of patients after knee endoprosthesis surgery. Bioelectromagnetics 30:152–158, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Application of Molecular Connectivity and Electro‐Topological Indices in Quantitative Structure–Activity Analysis of Pyrazole Derivatives as Inhibitors of Factor Xa and Thrombin
Authors: Krishnasamy Chandravel , Raghuraman Arjun , Kier Lemont B. , Desai Umesh R. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractFactor Xa and thrombin, two critical pro‐coagulant enzymes of the clotting cascade, are the primary target of current anticoagulation research that aims to develop potent, orally bioavailable, synthetic small‐molecule inhibitors. To determine structural features that might play important roles in factor Xa and thrombin recognition and oral bioavailability, quantitative structure–activity and structure–property analyses were performed on the factor Xa and thrombin inhibition data and Caco‐2 cell‐permeability data of 3‐substituted pyrazole‐5‐carboxamides reported by Pinto et al. (J. Med. Chem. 2001, 44, 566). The factor Xa and thrombin inhibition potencies, and Caco‐2 cell permeability of the 3‐substituted pyrazole‐5‐carboxamides could be quantitatively described through molecular connectivity and atom level E‐state indices. Different quantitative structure–activity and structure–property models were derived for each of the three biological properties. The models are statistically relevant with correlation coefficients of at least 0.9, and contain only two or three molecular descriptor variables. The study demonstrates the use of molecular connectivity and E‐state indices in understanding factor Xa and thrombin inhibition. In addition, the models may be useful for predictive purposes in generating molecules with better potency, specificity, and oral bioavailability.
Controlled Release of Volatile Secondary and Tertiary Alcohols by Neighboring Group Participation: Stepwise Cyclization and Re‐Opening of 2,2′‐Bis(carbamoyl)dibenzoates at Neutral pH
Authors: Trachsel Alain , Govoni Alexandra , de Saint Laumer Jean‐Yves , Frérot Eric , Herrmann Andreas 
Published: December 2008

AbstractBioactive, volatile, secondary and tertiary fragrance alcohols are efficiently released by intramolecular neighboring‐group‐assisted hydrolysis of 2,2′‐bis(carbamoyl)dibenzoates at neutral pH. The stepwise cyclization of 2,2′‐[(methylimino)bis(propane‐3,1‐diylcarbamoyl)]dibenzoates is followed by the re‐opening of the intermediately formed diphthalimide and proceeds in an overall four‐step consecutive reaction sequence. Kinetic rate constants for all four reaction steps could be determined pairwise by reversed‐phase HPLC. At neutral pH, secondary alcohols were released by one order of magnitude faster than the tertiary alcohols, and the rate constants for the re‐opening of the diphthalimides were found to be in the same order of magnitude as the release of the tertiary alcohols. Dynamic headspace analysis on a dry cotton surface finally confirmed the efficient release of tertiary alcohols under mild reaction conditions generally encountered for applications in functional perfumery.
Immunosuppressive Activity of the Ethanol Extract of Sedum sarmentosum and Its Fractions on Specific Antibody and Cellular Responses to Ovalbumin in Mice
Authors: Qin Feng , Sun Hong‐Xiang 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe immunosuppressive activity of the ethanol extract of Sedum sarmentosum (EESS) and its fractions was studied with respect to specific antibody and cellular response to ovalbumin (OVA) in mice. ICR Mice were immunized subcutaneously with OVA on days 0 and 14. Beginning on the day of immunization, the mice were administered intraperitoneally (ip) with EESS and it fractions at a single dose of 0.25, 0.5, and 1.0 mg, and cyclosporin A at a single dose of 0.1 mg at intervals of 7 days. On day 28, splenocyte proliferation and specific antibody level in serum were measured. EESS significantly suppressed concanavalin A (Con A)‐, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐, and OVA‐induced splenocyte proliferation in the immunized mice in a dose‐dependent manner. The OVA‐specific serum IgG, IgG1, and IgG2b levels in the immunized mice were also markedly reduced by EESS. Among four fractions of EESS, the BuOH fraction consisting mainly of flavonoid glycosides showed the highest suppressive activity. The results suggest that EESS could suppress the cellular and humoral immune response in mice, and deserve further research to be developed as immunosuppressant.
Larvicidal and Nematicidal Activities of the Leaf Essential Oil of Croton regelianus
Authors: Torres Maria Conceição M. , Assunção João Carlos , Santiago Gilvandete Maria P. , Andrade‐Neto Manoel , Silveira Edilberto R. , Costa‐Lotufo Leticia V. , Bezerra Daniel P. , Filho José Delano B. Marinho , Viana Francisco Arnaldo , Pessoa Otília Deusdênia L. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe chemical composition of the leaf essential oil of Croton regelianus collected from wild plants growing in two different sites at Ceará State (Brazil) was analyzed by GC/MS and GC‐FID. Twenty monoterpenoids, representing more than 96% of the chemical composition of the oils, were identified and quantified. The oils showed similar chemical composition but considerable variation in the levels of each constituent. Ascaridole (33.9–17.0%), p‐cymene (22.3–21.6%), and camphor (13.0–3.1%) were the predominant constituents. The monoterpene ascaridole was isolated and characterized by spectroscopic data. The essential oils and the isolated compounds were tested against Aedes aegypti and Artemia sp. larvae, and the root knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita. The bioassay results show that the essential oil of C. regelianus and ascaridole were moderately active against the M. incognita, but strongly effective against both A. aegypti and Artemia sp. larvae.
Synthesis of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Acetylene Polymers in Ice: A Prebiotic Scenario
Authors: Menor‐Salván César , Ruiz‐Bermejo Marta , Osuna‐Esteban Susana , Muñoz‐Caro Guillermo , Veintemillas‐Verdaguer Sabino 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe recent evidences of presence of subsurface oceans of liquid water and ice on Saturn's moons, and the possible presence and astrobiological importance of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in these environments, provide strong motivation for the exploration of the prebiotic chemistry in ice and to test if PAHs could be experimentally synthesized in ice surfaces under atmospheres containing methane as carbon source. In this work, we present a new design for prebiotic‐chemistry experiments in ice matrix. Using this design, a mixture of products including PAHs, polar aromatic compounds, and hydrophilic acetylene‐based polymers was obtained. We propose that acetylene generation in a methane/nitrogen atmosphere and subsequent polymerization to PAHs and polyynes could be a favored pathway in the presence of water freeze–melt cycles. These results shed light on the processes involved in PAH synthesis in icy environments and on the physical factors that drive the different competing pathways in methane/nitrogen atmospheres.
The Metallothionein/Thionein System: An Oxidoreductive Metabolic Zinc Link
Authors: Bell Stephen G. , Vallee Bert L. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractMetallothioneins (MTs) were discovered more than 50 years ago and identified as low‐molecular weight, sulfhydryl‐rich proteins that were subsequently found to bind zinc predominantly. The binding of seemingly redox inactive zinc ions allows MT to play a central role in oxidoreductive cellular metabolism, cellular zinc distribution and homeostasis. In this interpretive study, we discuss the interaction of MT with physiologically relevant molecules and its effect on zincthiolate bonds. These interactions are linked to recent progress in the functional role of MT in cellular zinc transport, energy production, and protection of the organism against oxidative stress and neurodegenerative diseases.
Biological Implications of the Ribosome's Stunning Stereochemistry
Authors: Zimmerman Ella , Yonath Ada 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe ribosome's striking architecture is ingeniously designed for its efficient polymerase activity in the biosynthesis of proteins, which is a prerequisite for cell vitality. This elaborate architecture is comprised of a universal symmetrical region that connects all of the ribosomal functional centers involved in protein biosynthesis. Assisted by the mobility of selected ribosomal nucleotides, the symmetrical region provides the structural tools that are required not only for peptide bond formation, but also for fast and smooth successive elongation of nascent proteins. It confines the path along which the A‐tRNA 3′‐end is rotated into the P‐site in concert with the overall tRNA/mRNA sideways movement, thus providing the required stereochemistry for peptide bond formation and substrate‐mediated catalysis. The extreme flexibility of the nucleotides that facilitate peptide bond formation is being exploited to promote antibiotic selectivity and synergism, as well as to combat antibiotic resistance.
Mathematics anxiety in secondary students in England
Authors: Chinn Steve 
Published: December 2008

AbstractWhatever the changes that are made to the mathematics curriculum in England, there will always remain a problem with mathematics anxiety. Maths anxiety is rarely facilitative. This study examined aspects of mathematics in secondary schools and how students rated them as sources of anxiety. Over 2000 students in independent and mainstream schools in England completed a 20‐item questionnaire designed to investigate maths anxiety levels. The same questionnaire was given to over 440 dyslexic males in specialist schools within the same age range. The results showed that examinations and tests create high levels of anxiety in approximately 4% of students. The results suggest that certain aspects and topics in the maths curriculum, such as long division, cause similar levels of anxiety for students in all year groups in secondary schools. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Screening for dyslexia, dyspraxia and Meares‐Irlen syndrome in higher education
Authors: Nichols S. A. , McLeod J. S. , Holder R. L. , McLeod H. S. T. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThis study reports a comparison of screening tests for dyslexia, dyspraxia and Meares‐Irlen (M‐I) syndrome in a Higher Education setting, the University of Worcester. Using a sample of 74 volunteer students, we compared the current tutor‐delivered battery of 15 subtests with a computerized test, the Lucid Adult Dyslexia Screening test (LADS), and both of these with data on assessment outcomes. The sensitivity of this tutor battery was higher than LADS in predicting dyslexia, dyspraxia or M‐I syndrome (91% compared with 66%) and its specificity was lower (79% compared with 90%). Stepwise logistic regression on these tests was used to identify a better performing subset of tests, when combined with a change in practice for M‐I syndrome screening. This syndrome itself proved to be a powerful discriminator for dyslexia and/or dyspraxia, and we therefore recommend it as the first stage in a two‐stage screening process. The specificity and sensitivity of the new battery, the second part of which comprises LADS plus four of the original tutor delivered subtests, provided the best overall performance: 94% sensitivity and 92% specificity. We anticipate that the new two‐part screening process would not take longer to complete. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.