bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel Oxidative Generation of Ammonium Ylides and the Subsequent Silicon Polonovski Reaction
Authors: Honda Kiyoshi , Shibuya Hiromasa , Hoshino Yujiro , Inoue Seiichi 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
We have demonstrated a novel oxidative generation of ammonium ylides by employing allylic amines having a silyl group. Treatment of N-(α-silylmethyl)-N-allylic amines with an oxidant, followed by acetic anhydride, brought about a tandem Brook rearrangement/silicon Polonovski reaction via the generation of ammonium ylides to give the corresponding amides, whereas the reaction of N-(α-cyano-α-silylmethyl)-N-allylic amines with an oxidant afforded the corresponding formamides.
Metal-mediated Supramolecular Coordination Polyelectrolyte Films of Bisterpyridine Ligand at the Air–Water Interface
Authors: Zhang Chao-Feng , Liu An , Chen Meng , Qian Dong-Jin 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
Metal-mediated poly(viologen)-like coordination poly-electrolytes were prepared at the air–water interface via an interfacial coordination reaction of a multitopic bisterpyridine ligand with inorganic salts. By using anionic polymer as alternative support layer, organized organic–inorganic hybrid films were assembled and characterized.
Self-assembly-directed Spin Conversion of Iron(II) 1,2,4-Triazole Complexes in Solution and Their Effect on Photorelaxation Processes of Fluorescent Counter Ions
Authors: Matsukizono Hiroyuki , Kuroiwa Keita , Kimizuka Nobuo 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
Lipophilic, linear iron(II) 1,2,4-triazole complexes with 9,10-dimethoxyanthracene-2-sulfonate and 1-pyrenesulfonate counter ions are newly developed. These complexes are dispersed in toluene as nanofibers and display dynamic spin conversion characteristics. Photorelaxation process of 1-pyrenesulfonate accumulated on the complex is regulated depending on the spin state of iron(II) triazole complexes.
A Thiacalix[3]pyridine Copper(I) Complex as a Highly Active Catalyst for the Olefin Aziridination Reaction
Authors: Tsukahara Yuhei , Hirotsu Masakazu , Hattori Shin-ichi , Usuki Yoshinosuke , Kinoshita Isamu 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
A copper(I) complex with thiacalix[3]pyridine, [Cu(Py3S3)]2(PF6)2, is a competent catalyst for aziridination of olefins. The reaction of styrene (1 equiv) with PhI=NTs (1 equiv) at 20 °C produced N-(p-toluenesulfonyl)-2-phenylaziridine (71%, turnover number = 55) in the presence of 1.2 mol % catalyst under aerobic conditions. The turnover number increased up to 350 with a 0.12 mol % catalyst and a 5:1 styrene/PhI=NTs ratio in 41% yield.
Isoform of Fibronectin Mediates Bone Loss in Patients With Primary Biliary Cirrhosis by Suppressing Bone Formation
Authors: Kawelke Nina , Bentmann Anke , Hackl Norman , Hager Hans-Dieter , Feick Peter , Geursen Anne , Singer Manfred V , Nakchbandi Inaam A 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
Osteoporosis is a major cause of morbidity and decreased quality of life in patients with chronic cholestatic liver disease. It is established that this osteoporosis results from decreased bone formation, but the mechanisms for the interaction between liver and bone remain elusive. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that an increase in the production of cellular fibronectins during liver disease may result in decreased osteoblast-mediated mineralization and thus explain the decrease in bone formation. We performed a prospective cross-sectional study in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis and matched controls, followed by experiments on human and mouse osteoblasts in culture and injections in mice in vivo. In patients with primary biliary cirrhosis, the oncofetal domain of fibronectin correlated significantly with the decrease in osteocalcin, a marker of bone formation (r = −0.57, p &lt; 0.05). In vitro, amniotic fluid fibronectin (aFN) containing mainly the oncofetal domain and EIIIA domain resulted in decreased osteoblast-mediated mineralization in human osteoblasts (69% decrease at 100 μg/ml; p &lt; 0.01) and mouse osteoblasts (71% decrease; p &lt; 0.05). Removing the EIIIA domain from aFN similarly suppressed mineralization by osteoblasts (78% decrease; p &lt; 0.05). Injection of labeled aFN in mice showed that it infiltrates the bone, and its administration over 10 days resulted in decreased trabecular BMD (17% drop; p &lt; 0.05), mineralizing surface (30% drop; p &lt; 0.005), and number of osteoblasts (45% drop; p &lt; 0.05). Increased production of a fibronectin isoform containing the oncofetal domain and its release in the circulation in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis is at least partially responsible for the decrease in bone formation seen in these patients. This establishes that a molecule that has thus far been viewed as an extracellular matrix protein exerts hormone-like actions.
Tamoxifen Impairs Both Longitudinal and Cortical Bone Growth in Young Male Rats
Authors: Karimian Elham , Chagin Andrei S , Gjerde Jennifer , Heino Terhi , Lien Ernst A , Ohlsson Claes , Sävendahl Lars 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
Tamoxifen (Tam) has been used experimentally to treat boys with gynecomastia and girls with McCune-Albright syndrome. This drug was recently shown to inhibit the growth of cultured fetal rat metatarsal bones and thus might also affect bone growth in vivo. Four-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats were gavaged daily with vehicle alone (peanut oil), Tam (40 mg/kg/d; 1 or 4 wk), or estradiol (40 μg/kg/d; 4 wk). Five of the 10 rats in each group were killed after 4 wk and the other five after 14 wk of recovery. Bone growth was followed by repeat DXA scans, whereas other bone parameters and spine length were evaluated by pQCT and X-ray at the time of death. Four-week Tam treatment significantly decreased body weight, nose-anus distance, spinal and tibial bone lengths, trabecular BMD, cortical periosteal circumference, and bone strength and also reduced serum IGF-I levels (424 ± 54 versus 606 ± 53 ng/ml in control; p &lt; 0.05). Analysis of the tibial growth plate of treated rats showed elevated chondrocyte proliferation (BrdU) and apoptosis (TUNEL), as well as decreases in the number of hypertrophic chondrocytes and in the size of terminal hypertrophic chondrocytes. Despite a complete catch-up of body weight after 14 wk of recovery, the tibia was still shorter (p &lt; 0.001) and its cortical region was smaller. We conclude that, when administered at a clinically relevant dose, Tam causes persistent retardation of longitudinal and cortical radial bone growth in young male rats. Our findings suggest that this inhibition results from local effects on the growth plate cartilage and systemic suppression of IGF-I production. Based on these rat data, we believe that Tam, if given to growing individuals, might compromise cortical bone growth, bone strength, and adult height.
Overexpression of Human Hydroxysteroid (17β) Dehydrogenase 2 Induces Disturbance in Skeletal Development in Young Male Mice
Authors: Shen ZhongYi , Peng ZhiQi , Sun Yi , Väänänen H Kalervo , Poutanen Matti 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
To understand the function of human hydroxysteroid (17β) dehydrogenase 2 (HSD17B2) in the peripheral tissues in vivo, we studied the bone development in transgenic male mice ubiquitously expressing human HSD17B2. Bones of HSD17B2TG and WT males (26 days and 2 and 6 mo old) were analyzed by pQCT and histomorphometry, and data were correlated with serum testosterone (T), IGF-I, and osteocalcin concentrations. At the age of 26 days, the body weight of HSD17B2TG males was significantly lower, and the lengths of the tibia and femur of the HSD17B2TG males were significantly shorter. Histomorphometric and pQCT analyses showed lower trabecular and cortical BMD, a markedly smaller area of cortical bone at both of the diaphyses, and a smaller percentage of trabecular bone volume and thickness in the HSD17B2TG males. The data suggested slower osteoblast differentiation and a slower bone formation rate of femoral diaphysis on the periosteum but faster on the endocortical surface in HSD17B2TG males. The altered bone parameters were correlated with low serum T, IGF-I, and osteocalcin concentrations at the prepubertal age. Interestingly, after puberty, the bone parameters analyzed in the adult HSD17B2TG males were mostly normal, consistent with the normal body weight and normalized serum concentrations of IGF-I and T. In conclusion, HSD17B2TG males presented with growth retardation and a decreased bone formation rate at prepubertal age. These changes were associated with lower serum IGF-I, osteocalcin, and T concentrations. It is concluded that the enforced constitutive expression of HSD17B2 disturbs the coordinated action of IGF-I and sex steroids essential for pubertal bone growth.
Calibration Chamber Modeling of Compaction Grouting
Authors: El-Kelesh Adel M. , Matsui Tamotsu 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
Compaction grouting, despite its many applications, has some problems that are basically attributed to the minimal guidelines to predict treatment effectiveness and the relatively little understanding of grouting mechanisms. To physically model and investigate compaction grouting in the laboratory under controlled conditions, large-scale calibration chamber, sand deposition, and injection systems have been developed. The chamber that has been developed is of the double-wall type and can independently control the sample stresses and deformations and impose different boundary conditions. Compared to the available double-wall chambers, the developed chamber has several innovative features. It is larger in size and self-reacting, applies the vertical stress at the top of the sample, provides for a rigid boundary at the base of the sample, and provides for upheave of the sample surface. The developed sand deposition system adopts the principles of pluvial deposition through air to prepare uniform soil samples at controlled relative densities. The developed injection system can inject actual compaction grouts. The developed systems are described in this paper. Some typical testing results are also presented and discussed to assess the chamber performance and illustrate the corresponding grouting mechanisms. The results reveal satisfactory performance of the developed systems and proper modeling of compaction grouting.
Use of Nasal Continuous Positive Airway Pressure During Retrieval of Neonates With Acute Respiratory Distress
Authors: Murray Philip G. , Stewart Michael J. 
Published: March 2008

OBJECTIVE. Although nasal continuous positive airway pressure is widely used in neonatal units, its use in neonatal transport is not yet established. Previous reports have been limited to small numbers of primary road transports and larger numbers of return transports while its use in air transportation has not been reported. The aim of this study was to assess the safety and effectiveness of transporting neonates and infants by road or air while treated with nasal continuous positive airway pressure.METHODS. We conducted a retrospective review of the records of all infants transported between January 1, 2004, and November 1, 2005.RESULTS. A total of 220 infants were treated with nasal continuous positive airway pressure; of these, 13 infants (6%) were intubated before transport, leaving 207 infants transported on a median nasal continuous positive airway pressure of 7 cm H2O. Thirty infants were transported by fixed or rotary wing aircraft and 190 by road. No infants required intubation or bag and mask ventilation during transport. Twenty-eight infants (13%) required intubation within 24 hours of arrival at the receiving hospital, 4 infants (2%) were intubated &gt;24 hours after arrival, 11 infants (5%) were intubated for surgery, and 164 infants (73%) were never intubated. A total of 111 infants (50%) were preterm and &lt;72 hours old at transport, and 32 infants (15%) were ≤32 weeks' gestational age and &lt;72 hours old at transport. Fraction of inspired oxygen was significantly lower at the end of transport (0.45 vs 0.34).CONCLUSIONS. Nasal continuous positive airway pressure is effective and has an acceptable safety margin for the road-based transportation of infants with acute respiratory distress. Air transport is feasible but larger studies are required to assess safety.
Introduction: Exiles at Home—Questions for Turkish and Global Literary Studies
Authors: Adak Hülya 
Published: March 2008

Replacing truth with nontruth was difficult but fun at the same time. Crossing the borders of truth …, words assume a talismanic spell. Only then does the word know that it is much more than a word.—Murat Uyurkulak, Har (96; my trans.)In the consolidation of the nation-state, literature has served as one of the most prominent “representational machineries” of national culture (Prasad 72), but claiming that all or most Third World fiction writers articulate the national defeats the most important attribute of literature—its political and aesthetic autonomy. The articles in this cluster all discuss authors who, in Orhan Pamuk's term, do not feel “at home” at home. These authors' literary and philosophical expressions of alienation illustrate the necessity to challenge the universalisms of global literary studies, particularly the way Third World literatures are nationalized. Global literary studies has categorized Third World literatures as enunciations of the national, reserving the moment of emancipatory critique too easily for diasporic, exilic, immigrant, or postcolonial literatures produced in the West, with the underlying assumption that exposure to the West, through a Western language, literary tradition, or audience, is a precondition for critique. Concomitantly, latent in this “modernist conception of exile as a privileged state of consciousness” is the belief that a critique of the national is only possible outside the Third World nation-state (Giles 31). Jale Parla's and Nergis Ertürk's articles illustrate that many of the writers who felt not at home were indeed at home and in Turkey did not leave home to voice their critique of or reluctance to participate in linguistic engineering.
Lyric Commodity Critique, Benjamin Adorno Marx, Baudelaire Baudelaire Baudelaire
Authors: Kaufman Robert 
Published: March 2008

So how important is modern lyric poetry?Answers will depend on who's answering—and what they understand by modern, lyric, and poetry. Academic and other cultural institutions will hardly have the only say; the most significant testimonies often come from poets themselves, who in relation to matters academic and institutional may have feet in more than one camp but who perhaps finally have, in proportion to the intensity and overall achievement of their art, no camp at all. Yet an at least century-long critical tradition, which Marjorie Perloff's 2006 MLA Presidential Address joins, has salutarily maintained that for all academia's evident weaknesses—including an often fatal distance from the realities of artistic making and audience engagement—it can still contribute crucially to the life of poetry. In that light, it's worth reconsidering a body of work that for decades has resonated in the larger poetry world but has also known academic prominence: Frankfurt school—and the wider spectrum of Marxian and Marxian-inflected—critical theory. What if, in ways that have mostly escaped notice, a signal exchange between Frankfurt school critics demonstrates (with lessons aplenty for poetry, criticism, and theory today) that, far from merely illustrating theoretical and sociohistorical dynamics, the development of modern lyric animates or generates the theory in the first place, locating itself at the heart of Frankfurt school and related attempts to take history's measure and to enable reflective judgment and critical agency?
Common Variation in the FTO Gene Alters Diabetes-Related Metabolic Traits to the Extent Expected Given Its Effect on BMI
Authors: Freathy Rachel M. , Timpson Nicholas J. , Lawlor Debbie A. , Pouta Anneli , Ben-Shlomo Yoav , Ruokonen Aimo , Ebrahim Shah , Shields Beverley , Zeggini Eleftheria , Weedon Michael N. , Lindgren Cecilia M. , Lango Hana , Melzer David , Ferrucci Luigi , Paolisso Giuseppe , Neville Matthew J. , Karpe Fredrik , Palmer Colin N.A. , Morris Andrew D. , Elliott Paul , Jarvelin Marjo-Riitta , Davey Smith George , McCarthy Mark I. , Hattersley Andrew T. , Frayling Timothy M. 
Published: March 2008

OBJECTIVE—Common variation in the FTO gene is associated with BMI and type 2 diabetes. Increased BMI is associated with diabetes risk factors, including raised insulin, glucose, and triglycerides. We aimed to test whether FTO genotype is associated with variation in these metabolic traits.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—We tested the association between FTO genotype and 10 metabolic traits using data from 17,037 white European individuals. We compared the observed effect of FTO genotype on each trait to that expected given the FTO-BMI and BMI-trait associations.
RESULTS—Each copy of the FTO rs9939609 A allele was associated with higher fasting insulin (0.039 SD [95% CI 0.013–0.064]; P = 0.003), glucose (0.024 [0.001–0.048]; P = 0.044), and triglycerides (0.028 [0.003–0.052]; P = 0.025) and lower HDL cholesterol (0.032 [0.008–0.057]; P = 0.009). There was no evidence of these associations when adjusting for BMI. Associations with fasting alanine aminotransferase, γ-glutamyl-transferase, LDL cholesterol, A1C, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure were in the expected direction but did not reach P &lt; 0.05. For all metabolic traits, effect sizes were consistent with those expected for the per allele change in BMI. FTO genotype was associated with a higher odds of metabolic syndrome (odds ratio 1.17 [95% CI 1.10–1.25]; P = 3 × 10−6).
CONCLUSIONS— FTO genotype is associated with metabolic traits to an extent entirely consistent with its effect on BMI. Sample sizes of &gt;12,000 individuals were needed to detect associations at P &lt; 0.05. Our findings highlight the importance of using appropriately powered studies to assess the effects of a known diabetes or obesity variant on secondary traits correlated with these conditions.
First-principles studies of the electronic structure and optical properties of AgBO3 (B=Nb,Ta) in the paraelectric phase
Authors: Cabuk Suleyman , Simsek Sevket 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
The electronic energy-band structure, density of states (DOS), and optical properties of AgBO3 in the paraelectric cubic phase have been studied by using density functional theory within the local density approximation for exchange-correlation for the first time. The band structure shows a band gap of 1.533 eV (AgNbO3)and 1.537 eV (AgTaO3)at (M-⌈)point in the Brillouin zone. The optical spectra of AgBO3 in the photon energy range up to 30 eV are investigated under the scissor approximation. The real and imaginary parts of the dielectric function and — thus the optical constants such as reflectivity, absorption coefficient, electron energy-loss function, refractive index, and extinction coefficient — are calculated. We have also made some comparisons with related experimental and theoretical data that is available.
Double-Alekseev inverse scattering method in the stationary axi-symmetric vacuum gravitation field equations
Authors: Wang Chun-Yan , Gui Yuan-Xing , Gao Ya-Jun 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
We present a new improvement to the Alekseev inverse scattering method. This improved inverse scattering method is extended to a double form, followed by the generation of some new solutions of the double-complex Kinnersley equations. As the double-complex function method contains the Kramer-Neugebauer substitution and analytic continuation, a pair of real gravitation soliton solutions of the Einstein’s field equations can be obtained from a double N-soliton solution. In the case of the flat Minkowski space background solution, the general formulas of the new solutions are presented.
Testing the intermediate disturbance hypothesis in species‐poor systems: A simulation experiment for mangrove forests
Authors: Piou Cyril , Berger Uta , Hildenbrandt Hanno , Feller Ilka C. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractQuestions:What factors influence tree species diversity of mangrove forests, an example of species‐poor systems? What are the respective importance and interactions of these factors? Is the intermediate disturbance hypothesis applicable to such systems?Methods:We used the spatially explicit individual‐based model Ki Wi to investigate the effects on species diversity of perturbation frequency and intensity, different abiotic conditions, and interspecific competition simulated at the individual level. The simulation system considered the three dominant Caribbean mangrove species: Rhizophora mangle, Avicennia germin‐ans and Laguncularia racemosa, applying species‐specific growth and mortality characteristics. Firstly, effects on species dominance of the abiotic conditions nutrient availability and porewater salinity were tested with two competition scenarios. Secondly, the effect of perturbation frequency and intensity were investigated with selected abiotic conditions.Results:Abiotic conditions influenced species dominance and, in extreme cases, excluded one or two species. Abiotic and competition settings controlled the successional dynamics and the response of species dominance to perturbation regimes. A response consistent with the intermediate disturbance hypothesis was observed only with a configuration of plant interaction in which one species behaved as a pioneer so that succession occurred by competitive exclusion.Conclusions:We suggest that successional dynamics interact with the intensity and timing of perturbations and determine whether or not mangrove tree diversity conforms to predictions of the intermediate disturbance hypothesis. For mangroves, these successional dynamics are site‐specific depending on abiotic conditions and species configurations.
Reactive Spinning of Cyanate Ester Fibers Reinforced with Aligned Amino‐Functionalized Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Che Jianfei , Chan‐Park Mary B. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractWe report a new approach of reactive spinning to fabricate thermosetting cyanate ester micro‐scale diameter fibers with aligned single walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs). The composite fibers were produced by first dispersing the SWNTs (1 wt %) in cyanate ester (CE) via solvent blending, followed by pre‐polymerization, spinning and then multiple‐stage curing. The pre‐polymerization, spinning and post‐spinning cure temperatures were carefully controlled to achieve good spun crosslinked fibers. Both pristine and amino‐functionalized SWNTs were used for the reinforced fiber spinning. Amino‐functionalized SWNTs (f‐SWNTs) were prepared by reacting acid‐treated SWNTs with toluene 2,4‐diisocyanate and then ethylenediamine (EDA). FTIR, optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that the amino‐functionalized SWNTs were covalently and uniformly dispersed into the cyanate ester matrix and aligned along the fiber axis. The alignment was further confirmed using polarized Raman spectroscopy. The composite fibers with aligned amino‐functionalized SWNTs possess improved tensile properties with respect to neat CE fibers, showing 85, 140, and 420% increase in tensile strength, elongation and stress‐strain curve area (i.e., toughness), respectively. NH2‐functionalization of SWNTs improves their dispersibility, alignment and interfacial strength and hence tensile properties of composite spun fibers. Fiber spinning to align SWNTs using thermosetting resin is novel. Others have reported fiber spinning to align SWNTs in thermoplastics. However, thermosetting CE resins offer the advantages of low and controllable viscosity during spinning and reactivity with amino functional groups to enable f‐SWNT/CE covalent bonding.