bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of odorless organosulfur reagents and asymmetric reaction using odorless thiols
Authors: Node Manabu , Kajimoto Tetsuya 
Published: July 2007

AbstractOdorless organosulfur reagents were developed by increasing their molecular weights to suppress volatility. 1‐Dodecanethiol (4), dodecyl methyl sulfide (5), p‐heptylphenylmethanethiol (6), p‐dodecylbenzenethiol (7), p‐heptylbenzenethiol (8), 2‐dodecyl‐1,3‐propanedithiol (11), p‐octyloxyphenyl‐methanethiol (18b), and p‐octyloxybenzenethiol (19) are typical examples of the odorless thiols and sulfides. 6‐Morpholinohexyl thiol (15), methyl 6‐morpholinohexyl sulfide (16), and methyl 6‐morpholinohexyl sulfoxide (17) were also developed as separable reagents from reaction products by facile acid‐base extraction. In addition, p‐tetramethylsilylphenylmethanethiol (18) and p‐tetramethylsilylbenzenethiol (14) were synthesized as the odorless synthetic substitutes of benzyl mercaptan and benzenethiol, respectively. In a similar way, silylated diphenyl disulfide (26) and diselenide (27) were prepared as odorless disulfide and diselenide. Moreover, 10‐sulfanylisoborneol (1) was found to be an excellent chiral odorless substitute of hydrogen sulfide in Michael addition. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 18:572–583, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20348
Healthy, wealthy and insured? The role of self‐assessed health in the demand for private health insurance
Authors: Doiron Denise , Jones Glenn , Savage Elizabeth 
Published: July 2007

AbstractBoth adverse selection and moral hazard models predict a positive relationship between risk and insurance; yet the most common finding in empirical studies of insurance is that of a negative correlation. In this paper, we investigate the relationship between ex ante risk and private health insurance using Australian data. The institutional features of the Australian system make the effects of asymmetric information more readily identifiable than in most other countries. We find a strong positive association between self‐assessed health and private health cover. By applying the Lokshin and Ravallion (J. Econ. Behav. Organ 2005; 56:141–172) technique we identify the factors responsible for this result and recover the conventional negative relationship predicted by adverse selection when using more objective indicators of health. Our results also provide support for the hypothesis that self‐assessed health captures individual traits not necessarily related to risk of health expenditures, in particular, attitudes towards risk. Specifically, we find that those persons who engage in risk‐taking behaviours are simultaneously less likely to be in good health and less likely to buy insurance. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Contrast‐enhanced MRI combined with MR cholangiopancreatography for the evaluation of patients with biliary strictures: Differentiation of malignant from benign bile duct strictures
Authors: Kim Ji Yang , Lee Jeong Min , Han Joon Koo , Kim Se Hyung , Lee Jae Young , Choi Jin Young , Kim Soo Jin , Kim Hyuck Jung , Kim Ki Hyeun , Choi Byung Ihn 
Published: July 2007

AbstractPurposeTo determine imaging criteria for the combined use of contrast‐enhanced (CE)‐MRI and MR cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) to differentiate malignant from benign biliary strictures.Materials and MethodsA total of 44 patients with biliary stricture who had undergone unenhanced, MRCP, and dynamic MRI were identified from radiological and surgical databases. Two radiologists analyzed MR features for asymmetry, luminal irregularity, abrupt narrowing, outer margin, signal intensity (SI) on T2‐weighted (T2W) images, and hyperenhancement relative to liver parenchyma during portal phase. The wall thickness and length of the narrowed segment were measured. MR findings relevant as predictors were identified using a Chi‐square or Fisher's exact test and the odds ratio (OR).ResultsThe presence of hyperenhancement relative to liver parenchyma, length > 12 mm, wall thickness > 3 mm, indistinct outer margin, luminal irregularity, and asymmetry of strictured bile duct were significant factors for malignancy (P < 0.05). Malignant strictures were significantly thicker (5.0 ± 2.0 mm) and longer (27.0 ± 13.6 mm) than benign strictures. When any three or more of these six criteria were used in combination, we could identify 100% of malignant strictures and 87.0% of benign strictures.ConclusionThe combined use of CE‐MRI and MRCP helped to define the criteria for differentiating malignant from benign biliary strictures in our data. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis (CRMO) with symmetric involvement of both femora: X‐ray, bone scintigram, and MR imaging findings in one case
Authors: Buck Florian M. , Treumann Thomas C. , Winiker Hermann , Strobel Klaus 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe case of a 17‐month‐old boy with symmetric involvement of both femora in chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis (CRMO) is presented. Imaging showed an extraordinary involvement of both femoral diaphyses and distal metaphyses with extensive lamellar‐like periosteal reactions. Diagnosis was based upon laboratory tests, bone scintigraphy, and MRI findings and was proved by open bone biopsy. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
In vivo MR imaging of bone marrow cells trafficking to atherosclerotic plaques
Authors: Qiu Bensheng , Gao Fabao , Walczak Piotr , Zhang Jiangyang , Kar Sourav , Bulte Jeff W.M. , Yang Xiaoming 
Published: July 2007

AbstractPurposeTo develop a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)‐based method to monitor in vivo trafficking of bone marrow (BM) cells to atherosclerotic lesions.Materials and MethodsBM cells from LacZ‐transgenic mice were labeled with a superparamagnetic iron oxide (Feridex) and then transplanted into ApoE–/– recipient mice that were fed an atherogenic diet. Twenty‐four ApoE–/– mice were divided into three study groups: 1) group I with Feridex‐labeled BM transplantation (BMT) cells (N = 9), 2) group II with unlabeled BMT cells (N = 10), and 3) group III with no BMT cells (N = 5). Migrated Feridex/LacZ‐BM cells to atherosclerotic aortic walls were monitored in vivo using a 4.7T MR scanner and correlated with histopathological findings.ResultsIn group I with Feridex‐BMT cells, histology examination displayed plaques in five of nine animals. In four of these five animals, in vivo MRI showed large MR signal voids of the aorta walls (due to the “blooming” effect of migrated Feridex‐BM cells in plaques), which were correlated with Feridex‐ and/or LacZ‐positive cells detected in the atherosclerotic lesions. No signal voids could be visualized in the two control animal groups (groups II and III).ConclusionThis study demonstrates the potential use of in vivo MRI to monitor the trafficking of magnetically labeled BM cells to atherosclerotic lesions. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Behaviour of thujone during distillation and possible concentration ranges in pre‐ban absinthe
Authors: Lachenmeier Dirk W , Kuballa Thomas 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA discrepancy in the magnitude of thujone concentrations in distilled pre‐ban absinthe has existed until now. Concentrations of 260 mg L−1 were derived at by theoretical calculations. Tests of authentic pre‐ban absinthes and studies concerning absinthes produced according to historic recipes found concentrations below 10 mg L−1. In this study, the behaviour of thujone during distillation was studied and a significant discrimination was determined (80% yield in water‐cum‐steam distillation). The thujone concentrations in distilled pre‐ban absinthe were then calculated with regard to the composition of wormwood derived from a literature review. Due to the large deviations of oil content and thujone concentration of wormwood, a typical Absinthe Suisse de Pontarlier from Duplais' 1855 recipe might have contained between zero and a maximum of 76 mg L−1 of thujone, the average was calculated as 23 mg L−1 with a standard deviation of 21 mg L−1. It was proven that the previous calculations overestimated the thujone content of distilled absinthe and the discrepancy was resolved as our new calculations are in good accord with the experimental findings. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Selling adventure tourism: a distribution channels perspective
Authors: Schott Christian 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis paper examines the distribution channels structure as well as the underlying factors influencing the most prominent channel choices within the adventure tourism industry. It is based on in‐depth interviews with adventure tourism operators in Queenstown, New Zealand. The findings suggest that the distribution structure is similar to other attraction sectors and that business size has some bearing on the ‘length’ of the distribution chains. However, regardless of business size, the sector places a clear priority on ‘at destination’ distribution, and the factors underlying this choice were found to be varied and reflective of both sector‐specific demand and supply characteristics. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optical multiple‐variable fuzzy logic array using shadow casting
Authors: Lin Senmao , Zhang Shugun , Chen Caisheng , Kumazawa Itsuo 
Published: July 2007

AbstractAn optical area‐coded scheme is proposed to implement three‐variable fuzzy logic based on the shadow‐casting technique on one stage. In particular, no thresholding device is required. Experimental results are also given. © 1993 John Wiley & sons, Inc.
A free‐space double‐grid diplexer for a millimeter‐wave radiometer
Authors: Favreau M. , Goutoule J. M. , Orta R. , Savi P. , Tascone R. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractWe report on the design of a 45° incidence diplexer to be used in a millimeter‐wave radiometer. This equipment will be flown on a low‐orbiting satellite and should analyze the natural emissions of the Earth and the atmosphere in the bands around 90, 157, and 183 GHz. The diplexer has been realized with two grids of tripoles arranged in an equilateral triangular lattice and printed on both sides of a quartz slab. Experimental data are presented that are in good agreement with the theoretical predictions. © 1993 John Wiley & sons, Inc.
Threshold detection of nonorthogonal signaling in turbulent optical channels
Authors: Fares Doaa A. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe ever‐increasing demand for satellite links is motivating the search for techniques to enhance the utilization efficiency of optical communication systems. However, the performance of such a channel, in addition to background radiation and photodetector random gain, is highly affected by atmospheric turbulence along its propagation path. Multipulse nonorthogonal signaling has been recently introduced as a bandwidth‐efficient format for this channel [1]. In this article, threshold detection for this multipulse format is studied under different turbulence levels, concluding the optimum threshold setting for typical alphabet sizes. © 1993 John Wiley & sons, Inc.
Performance study of the reactively loaded power amplifier by transmission line modeling (TLM) with exponential switching resistance (ESR)
Authors: Chi‐Wai Cheung , Yu‐On Yam 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA model combining transmission line modeling (TLM) and exponential switching resistance (ESR) of active devices is introduced in the equivalent circuit to simulate the real performance of the reactively loaded power amplifier. Using the TLM, the distributed circuit parameters can be controlled by the time step size, and the collector efficiency can be more accurately evaluated by introducing the ESR into the equivalent circuit. The TLM together with the ESR element provides a simple algorithm to be implemented, and is favorable for optimization of high‐efficiency performance in the rf range. © 1993 John Wiley & sons, Inc.
Measurement of the temporal coherence of an underwater optical scattered field
Authors: Arora K. , Sheybani E. O. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe coherence of a laser signal propagating through a turbid medium deteriorates due to scattering, affecting the performance of undereater coherent systems. The loss in coherence due to the scattering has been evaluated from the autocorrelation funcion obtained with an interoferometer followed by digital signal processing. © 1993 John Wiley & sons, Inc.
Millimeter‐wave FET frequency divider
Authors: Chen R. S. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractIn this article the theoretical and experimental performance of a FET harmonically synchronized frequency divider is presented. A large‐signal nonlinear characteristic transconductance description is adopted; the locking range can then be calculated by use of the method of averaging. The result is demonstrated by a common‐drain reverse‐channel GaAs FET frequency divider. © 1993 John Wiley & sons, Inc.
Evaluation of frequency‐selective reflector antenna systems
Authors: Wu T. K. , Lee S. W. , Zimmerman M. L. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe performance of a four‐frequency‐band (S/X/Ku/Ka) frequency‐selective surface (FSS) with double‐ring elements is evaluated both for a flat panel development and for a curved subreflector in a dual reflector antenna. Good agreement is observed between the measured and computed data for the flat panel FSS. To accurately predict the FSS effects on a dual reflector antenna's radiation pattern, we take into account the FSS subreflector's transmitted/reflected field variation as functions of the polarization and incident angles with respect to the local coordinates. An FSS transmission/reflection coefficient table is computed for TE and TM polarizations at various incident angles based on the planar FSS model. Next, the hybrid geometric optics (GO) and physical optics (PO) technique is implemented with linear interpolation of the FSS table to efficiencly determine the FSS effects in a dual reflector antenna. © 1993 John Wiley & sons, Inc.
Analog precorrection for improved‐accuracy optical matrix operations
Authors: Caulfield H. J. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractIf we are dealing with a fixed matrix which we want to use for matrix‐vector or matrix‐matrix operation and if we can measure the effective matrix represented, then we can often calculate a precompensating matrix which can also be implemented optically. This effectively squares the accuracy, e.g., from the typical 4 bits to 8 bits. © 1993 John Wiley & sons, Inc.
Model of the polarimetric behavior of chaff media
Authors: Pouliguen P. , Desclos L. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractSince the early works on diffraction of chaff, there has been no mathematical modelization available for a real physical solution. This work presents one and gives a rigorous exploitation of the polarization behavior. One can find here a general model which can take into account all the phenomena appearing in a cloud of dipoles: the polarimetric effects, the mask, and the coupling influences. This development is new and can be generalized for clouds of spheres, discs, cylinders, or other simple shapes [1, 2]. © 1993 John Wiley & sons, Inc.
Coaxially driven dielectrically sheathed post in a rectangular waveguide
Authors: Keam R. B. , Williamson A. G. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe problem of a coaxially excited dielectrically sheathed hollow post in a rectangular waveguide is analyzed. The approach taken treats the electric field in the gap region as the unknown to be found by the solution of an integral equation. Expressions for current distribution on the interior and exterior surfaces of the post, and the input admittance to the junction, are given. The numerical aspects of the solution are discussed briefly and a comparison of theoretical and experimental results shows the theory to be very accurate. © 1993 John Wiley & sons, Inc.
High‐Q‐factor low dielectric loss inverted microstrip YBa2CU3O7‐δresonator for accurateRscharacterization
Authors: Easwar K. , Sarkar B. K. , Pinto R. , Apte P. R. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractAn accurate measurement of the surface resistanceRsbased on a reduced dielectric loss factor inverted microstrip configuration is reported. The inverted microstrip resonator, with a resonant frequency of 2.5 GHz in S‐band, yields a quality factor of 10,000 at 15 K and 5000 at 77 K. This corresponds toRsvalues of 1 and 26 μΩ at 15 and 77 K, respectively. © 1993 John Wiley & sons, Inc.
On the choice of basis functions in quasistatic spectral‐domain analysis of strip‐line‐like transmission lines
Authors: Gentili G. G. , Macchiarella G. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe choice of basis functions in the expansion of charge density using spectral‐domain methods is discussed. It is shown that the simple inclusion of the correct singular behavior of charge density close to the edges of the strip is not sufficient to get accurate results with very few basis functions. For best performance, one should be able to model correctly the first terms of the charge density expansion close to the edge. © 1993 John Wiley & sons, Inc.
Electric surface current model for the analysis of the radiation resistance of a spherical circular microstrip antenna
Authors: Tam W. Y. , Tam S. W. , Luk K. M. , Lai K. Y. A. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractAn approach to the analysis of a spherical circular microstrip antenna which is applicable to a relatively thick substrate is presented. Based on the spectral‐domain Green's function formulation, the effect of the dielectric substrate as well as the spherical ground are incorporated. Numerical results for the radiation resistance agree well with the results using the generalized transmission line model (GTLM), which is accurate for a thin dielectric substrate only. © 1993 John Wiley & sons, Inc.
Mutual impedance between circular microstrip antenna
Authors: Bhattacharjee Partha S. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis communication describes a solution to the problem of computing mutual impedance of a one‐dimensional array of circular micro‐strip patches fed by coaxial probes. Some experiments have been conducted for mutual coupling between two circular microstrip antennas in the S band. Theoretical results are in good agreement with the experimental ones. © 1993 John Wiley & sons, Inc.
Application of green's theorem approach to symmetrical right‐angled H‐plane rectangular metallic waveguide bend
Authors: Leong M. S. , Kooi P. S. , Yeo T. S. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe Green's theorem approach is applied to analyze the transmission properties of a symmetrical right‐angled H‐plane rectangular metallic waveguide bend. The numerical results obtained have been corroborated by actual experiment and Marcuvitz data. It is found, however, that the method suffers from the limitation that the problem matrix condition number increases rapidly with the number of waveguide modes considered in the field matching. © 1993 John Wiley & sons, Inc.
Sensitivity analysis of tuned front‐end receivers for subcarrier multiplexing systems
Authors: Marti J. , Capmany J. , Marin J. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractWe consider the application of Monte Carlo and shadow methods for sensitivity analysis and optimization of tuned front‐end receivers for suhcarrier multiplexing systems. A second step based on the centering design method is also presented. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Reflecting mode integrated optical temperature sensor
Authors: Liang J. Y. , Wilson M. G. F. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis Letter presents a novel type of integrated optical temperature sensor which is based on a single waveguide with a reflecting mirror at the rear end. The experimental results achieve a half‐wave temperature of 0.14 C and an extinction ratio of 76%. The reflecting mode sensor shows advantages over the Mach‐Zehnder structure in terms of high sensitivity and good extinction ratio. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Thermal resistance of 1.3μm InGaAsP vertical cavity lasers
Authors: Shimizu M. , Babić D. I. , Dudley J. J. , Jiang W. B. , Bowers J. E. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe thermal resistance of 1.3μm InGaAsP vertical cavity lasers is calculated using the finite difference method in cylindrical coordinates. Three etched‐well laser structures are compared and the thermal resistance is calculated for a range of active area diameters and a typical cavity size. Using an InP regrown laser structure appears to be most promising for achieving room‐temperature continuous operation of long‐wavelength vertical cavity lasers. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Probe impedance measurements for millimeter‐wave integrated horn antennas
Authors: Guo Yong , Chiao Jung‐Chih , Potter Kent A. , Rutledge David B. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractIntegrated‐circuit probe‐excited horn‐antenna arrays made in silicon are well developed. They are a very promising class of antenna arrays for millimeter‐ and submillimeter‐wave applications. Further development of this technology involves integrating mixers and amplifiers into antenna arrays. In an effort to develop an horn‐antenna‐mixer array based on the existing technology, various antenna probes inside the pyramidal horns have been examined on scaled model horns at microwave frequencies. Modeling results and design principles of these antenna probes are presented. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Study of stacked microstrip phased arrays
Authors: Arts M. J. , Smolders A. B. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA study of phased arrays of rectangular stacked microstrip patch antennas is presented. Two theoretical methods are discussed, i. e., a finite array theory and an infinite array theory. Both theories give almost the same results for a 7 × 7 array, except for edge array elements and for large scan angles. Measured coupling coefficients of a 7 × 7 array are compared with calculations and agree fairly well. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Optical implementation of localized interconnected neural network
Authors: Zhang Li , Zhang Jiajun , He Anzhi , Yan Dapen 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe localized interconnected neural network (LINN) provides for a smaller interconnection weight matrix (IWM). It is possible to construct a large‐scale optical neural network using commercially available spatial light modulators (SLMs). In this article, optical implementation of one‐dimensional (ID) LINN for associative memory is discussed, in which three optoelectronic architectures are proposed. In the proposed optoelectronic correlation system, the IWM is generated by a TV monitor, while input data are displayed on a liquid crystal television (LCTV). Experimental demonstrations are also provided. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
An efficient analysis of anisotropic multiconductor‐multilayered mics using the spectral‐domain‐block‐transfer‐matrix method
Authors: And Yinchao Chen , Beker Benjamin 
Published: July 2007

AbstractIn this article the spectral‐domain approach and the transfer matrix technique are extended to analyze multilayered‐multiconductor anisotropic microwave and millimeter‐wave integrated circuits. The spectral‐domain formulation only uses two components of the electric field that are tangential to interfaces between adjacent layers. A 2×2 block matrix is defined for every interface to relate the coefficients of the fields in all stratified layers of the guiding structure. The use of the proposed spectral‐domain‐block‐transfer‐matrix method is illustrated for both single and coupled three‐layer bilateral transmission lines. In addition, a detailed material parameter study is performed to examine the effects of individual anisotropic layers on the propagation characteristics of the line. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.