bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Production of high titers of interferon‐gamma by prestimulated murine spleen cells
Authors: Marcucci Fabrizio , Klein Beate , Kirchner Holger , Zawatzky Rainer 
Published: February 2007

AbstractConcanavalin A (Con A)‐induced interferon‐gamma (IFN‐γ) production by murine spleen cells prestimulated with Con A for different periods of time has been studied. Highest titers of antiviral activity were obtained by restimulation of cells that had been prestimulated with Con A for 3 days. These cells produced up to 30 times more IFN than freshly isolated spleen cells stimulated under the same conditions. In an effort to explain this rise in the capacity to produce IFN‐γ, the possibility that it was due to the inactivation of a suppressor cell was excluded. The addition of freshly isolated spleen cells at different concentrations to prestimulated cells did not affect subsequent Con A‐induced IFN‐γ production. Separation of freshly isolated or prestimulated spleen cells by velocity sedimentation at unit gravity showed that in the latter case most of the IFN‐γ was produced by a population of large‐sized cells not present in the former population. It was concluded from these experiments that prestimulation of spleen cells with Con A gives rise to a population of large‐sized cells that produce, upon restimulation with the same mitogen, much higher titers of IFN‐γ than those obtained upon primary stimulation of small resting lymphocytes.
A monoclonal anti‐idiotypic antibody against anti‐receptor antibodies from myasthenic sera
Authors: Lefvert Ann‐Kari , James Richard W. , Alliod Christine , Fulpius Bernard W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA monoclonal anti‐idiotypic antibody has been developed against anti‐acetylcholine receptor antibodies purified from the serum of one myasthenic patient. The idiotype is present on a subpopulation of antibodies directed against the toxin‐binding region of the receptor. The monoclonal antibody cross‐reacts with antibodies from other myasthenic sera, suggesting shared idiotypic specificities.
Induction of interferon in murine bone marrow‐derived macrophage cultures by 10‐carboxymethyl‐9‐acridanone
Authors: Storch Elke , Kirchner Holger 
Published: February 2007

Abstract10‐Carboxymethyl‐9‐acridanone (CMA) induced high titers of interferon (IFN) in murine leukocyte cultures. Thymocytes, lymph node, spleen and peritoneal exudate cells responded to CMA with IFN production. Pure macrophages derived from the bone marrow were the most efficient producers of CMA‐induced IFN. The yields of IFN‐α β in the macrophage supernatants depended on the concentration of the inducer and titers up to 3000 IU/ml were measured after exposure to the optimal dose (500 μg/ml). CMA was found to be the first low molecular weight compound that induced in vitro titers of IFN nearly as high as obtained after exposure to Newcastle disease virus, which is one of the most potent interferon inducers.
Study of the idiotypy of lipopolysaccharide‐specific polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies
Authors: Hiernaux Jacques R. , Schroer Kenneth R. , Baker Phillip J. , Rudbach Jon A. , Bona Constantin 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe monoclonal antibodies produced by a variety of hybridomas making antibody specific for E. coli 0113 lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were purified by affinity chromatography and their fine specificity studied. All reacted specifically with the polysaccharide moiety of LPS from E. coli 0113 and from Neisseria lactamica; two reacted with LPS from Pseudomonas aeruginosa and one reacted with LPS from Klebsiella pneumoniae. Polyclonal and monoclonal syngeneic and semi‐syngeneic anti‐idiotypic antisera were produced to study the idiotypy of LPS‐specific monoclonal antibodies which express a complex cross‐reactive idiotype (IdX) as well as individual idiotypes. E. coli 0113 LPS‐specific antibodies produced by B ALB/c mice express this IdX and the kinetics for its expression was examined using mice either primed or hyperim‐munized with LPS; idiotypic maturation was observed, but we were unable to detect an auto‐anti‐idiotypic antibody response. This IdX was expressed on E. coli 0113 LPS‐specific antibodies from all strains of mice examined, indicating that its expression is not restricted by genes linked to the IgCH locus.
Nature of the antigenic complex recognized by T lymphocytes. IX. Direct immunochemical demonstration of nominal antigen on the macrophage cell surface
Authors: Malek Thomas R. , Shevach Ethan M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAs an initial approach to macrophage (Mϕ) antigen handling, guinea pig Mϕ pulsed with the radiolabeled terpolymer L‐glutamic acid, L‐lysine, L‐tyrosine (GLT) were modified with the cell surface‐specific probe 2,4,6‐trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid either immediately after pulsing (fresh) or 24 h after pulsing (aged); nonidet P‐40 extracts were prepared from these cells and analysis of these extracts with anti‐trinitrophenyl antisera was performed in a quantitative radioimmunoassay. Such experiments indicated that fresh GLT‐pulsed Mϕ contained a pool of intracellular GLT as well as a distinct pool of cell surface GLT. In contrast, aged GLT‐pulsed Mϕ lacked intracellular GLT but expressed GLT on the cell surface. In addition, a pool of cell surface GLT was also detected on Ia−Mϕ and on Mϕ from guinea pigs which were nonres‐ponders to GLT. Thus, this study provides a direct demonstration of the presence of exogenous antigen on the Mϕ cell surface. However, the cell surface expression of GLT does not appear to be an exclusive property expressed by functional Ia+ antigen‐presenting Mϕ.
The effects of cyclosporin A on the chicken immune system
Authors: Nowak Jerzy S. , Kai Osamu , Peck Richard , Franklin Richard M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSome aspects of the effects of cyclosporin A (CsA) on the chicken immune system are described. High serum levels of CsA could be maintained by i.m. administration of the drug in a neutral oil (Miglyol 812) every three days. After a transient decrease in peripheral blood T lymphocytes, the blood picture remained normal over a dosage period of three weeks. Mitogenic stimulation of the peripheral blood lymphocytes was strongly depressed, however.Whereas there was a trend to decreased primary immune response of T‐dependent (sheep red blood cells, human γ‐globulins) and T‐independent (B. abortus) antigens, high variation in individual response made this trend statistically insignificant, except for the response to B. abortus at a CsA dose of 50 mg/kg. There was also a trend to decreased secondary IgM response to T‐dependent antigens and increased IgM response to the T‐independent antigens. The clearest alteration in secondary humoral response was the block of IgG (+ IgA) response to both categories of antigens. There was only a slight decrease in body weight after 3 weeks of CsA administration, a decrease in the absolute weights of thymus and spleen (but not bursa) at 50 mg/kg and a decrease in relative weight only in the case of the thymus. Despite these changes, the histology of the thymus, particularly the cortex, was normal. The major histological changes were in the spleen where there was a depletion of the periarteriolar lymphytic sheath, a marked increase in granulated cells, a decrease in germinal centers, and the appearance of large numbers of Mott cells. This type of cell was occasionally found in bone marrow and very rarely in liver and the mucosal connective tissue of the bursa, tissues which were otherwise normal. The Mott cell may arise as a result of the changes in T cell subsets leading to an uncontrolled production of nonsecreted immunoglobulins.
Physiology of IgD. II. Lack of humoral immune responsiveness in lymph nodes of mice treated with anti‐IgD from birth
Authors: Baine Yaela , Chen Yung‐Wu , Jacobson Ethel B. , Pernis Ben , Siskind Gregory W. , Thorbecke G. Jeanette 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPrevious studies have shown that anti‐IgD‐suppressed mice give normal primary and secondary splenic plaque‐forming cell responses following i.v. challenge, although mice suppressed by the injection of anti‐IgD from birth lack IgD‐bearing cells in all lymphoid tissue examined. The present studies show that, in contrast, secondary immune responses in regional lymph nodes of such mice, even after i.v. priming with trinitrophenylated B. abortus, respond to a challenge injection in the footpad up to only < 10% of control levels. When compared with respect to B cell numbers transferred, primed spleen cells from control and anti‐IgD‐suppressed mice are about equally effective in producing adoptive secondary plaque‐forming cell responses in the spleens of recipient mice. Lymph nodes in recipients of anti‐IgD‐suppressed primed spleen cells show much lower responses than do lymph nodes in recipients of control primed cells, both upon immediate and delayed challenge with antigen in the footpads. It is concluded that the immunodeficiency caused by suppression with anti‐IgD is much more marked in peripheral lymph nodes than in the spleen. The possible relationship of these results to the migratory properties of IgD+ as compared to IgD− B cells is discussed.
The frequency of mutant‐specific killer precursors in related and unrelated mouse strains
Authors: von Boehmer Harald , Bennink Jack , Langhorne Jean 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe frequency of mutant‐specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte precursors (CTL‐P) has been analyzed in several mouse strains. While H‐2 antigens of responder strains have a limited influence on the frequency of major H antigen‐specific CTL‐P, the frequency of mutant‐specific CTL‐P can be equally as high in unrelated and related strains. In general, the frequency does not reflect the closeness of kinship between stimulator and responder.
Immunogenic variants obtained by mutagenesis of mouse mastocytoma P815. V. H‐2 associativity of variant‐specific antigens
Authors: van Snick Jacques , Maryanski Janet , Van Pel Aline , Parmiani Giorgio , Bonn Thierry 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBy in vitro mutagenesis of mastocytoma P815, it is possible to obtain tumor cell variants that are rejected by syngeneic mice (tum−). Most of these variants carry new individual antigens and stimulate a specific cytolytic T cell (CTL) response in mixed leukocyte tumor cell culture (MLTC). The H‐2 associativity of this response was examined for six different variants by measuring the inhibition of cell‐mediated cytolysis by antibodies directed against products of the K or the D end of the H−2d complex. The lysis was either not inhibited (variants P91 and PI 16) or inhibited selectively by anti‐Kd (variants P21, P32 and P198) or anti‐Dd antibodies (variant P35). All these tum− variants expressed Kd and Dd antigens as measured by absorption of H‐2 alloantisera.Long‐term CTL clones can be obtained that are specific for individual turn antigens. The pattern of H‐2 associativity obtained with MLTC‐derived CTL against four tum− variants was verified with CTL clones directed against the specific antigens of these variants. Concordant results were observed in all cases. In addition to CTL clones specific for tum− antigens, it is possible to isolate clones against a P815 tumor‐associated antigen found on all P815 tum− variants. For these clones no clear associativity with either Kd or Dd products was found.
Cross‐reactivity of the NPa and NPb idiotypic responses of BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice to (4‐hydroxy‐3‐nitrophenyl)acetyl (NP)
Authors: White‐Scharf Mary E. , Imanishi‐Kari Thereza 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA comparative antigenic analysis was carried out to determine whether cross‐reactivity exists between the major idiotypic responses to (4‐hydroxy‐3‐nitrophenyl)acetyl (NP) in BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice. Extensive cross‐reactivity exists between the NPa (BALB/c) and NPb (C57BL/6) allotype‐linked idiotypic responses to NP. The cross‐reactive determinants of the NPb idiotype are confined to one particular group of NPb‐positive monoclonal antibodies. The extent of cross‐reactivity between this group of C57BL/6 antibodies and idiotype‐positive monoclonal antibodies of BALB/c is so great that they cannot be readily distinguished as NPb‐ or NPa‐positive antibodies with polyclonal anti‐idiotypic reagents. That this cross‐reactivity is not unique to monoclonal antibodies was confirmed by the demonstration of these cross‐reactive determinants in the immune sera of individual BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice. Additionally, evidence was obtained from these experiments and from earlier ones from this laboratory which suggests that the BALB/c idiotypic response to NP‐protein conjugate is more homogeneous than the C57BL/6 idiotypic responses.
Content of a cross‐reactive idiotype in nonimmune A/J sera
Authors: Barrett Mary C. , Nisonoff Alfred 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe anti‐p‐azophenylarsonate antibodies of A/J mice express a major intrastrain cross‐reactive idiotype (CRIA). Using a sensitive radioimmunoassay we were unable to detect significant quantities of molecules bearing CRIA in nonimmune A/J sera. The upper limit is 140 ng/ml. Possible reasons for variability of such data in the published literature are discussed.
Selective inhibition of antigen‐induced “step one” in cytotoxic T lymphocytes by anti‐Lyt‐2 antibodies
Authors: Gullberg Martin , Larsson Eva‐Lotta 
Published: February 2007

AbstractStimulation of mixed lymphocyte cultures with ultraviolet (UV)‐irradiated stimulator cells leads to selective activation of Lyt−2+ cytotoxic T lymphocyte precursurs (CTL‐P) to acquire interleukin 2 (IL2) reactivity: (a) no proliferative response, nor IL2 production was observed in these cultures; (b) upon addition of preformed Unconditioned media (IL2‐CM), a vigorous proliferative response was observed; (c) the IL2‐dependent proliferation was reduced by approximately 90% after depletion of Lyt−2+ responder cells; and (d) specific CTL were generated upon the initial triggering by UV‐irradiated stimulators and IL2 expansion. This system therefore provides suitable conditions for studying the role of Lyt‐2 antigens in initial, antigen‐specific induction of CTL‐P, as well as at their effector phase.It is shown herein that monoclonal anti‐Lyt‐2 antibodies inhibit antigen‐specific acquisition of IL2 reactivity by CTL‐P, which results in 85% reduction of the proliferative response mediated by IL2‐CM. CTL‐P which have been induced by antigen to IL 2 reactivity, prior to addition of anti‐Lyt‐2 antibodies, however, are not affected in their IL2‐dependent proliferation. Furthermore, both the specific and lectindependent cytolytic activity of effector CTL generated by UV‐irradiated stimulators and IL2‐CM is blocked by addition of anti‐Lyt‐2 antibodies in the cytotoxicity assay. The implications of these findings for the role of Lyt‐2 antigen in antigen recognition by T cells are discussed.
Cytotoxic T cell recognition of Epstein‐Barr virus‐infected B cells. III. Establishment of HLA‐restricted cytotoxic T cell lines using interleukin 2
Authors: Wallace Lesley E. , Rowe Martin , Gaston J. S. Hill , Rickinson Alan B. , Epstein M. Anthony 
Published: February 2007

AbstractEpstein‐Barr virus (EBV)‐specific cytotoxic T cell precursors, present in the circulation of previously infected (seropositive) individuals, have been reactivated in vitro by challenging with autologous EBV‐transformed cells, and the reactivated populations subsequently expanded as interleukin 2 (IL2)‐dependent cell lines. These lines were dominated by T cells possessing the cytotoxic/suppressor cell surface phenotype and, when tested for effector function in chromium‐release assays, demonstrated potent EBV‐specific, HLA‐A and ‐B antigen‐restricted cytotoxicity even when derived from seropositive donors whose initial cytotoxic response to in vitro reactivation was relatively weak. With all the lines tested from 10 seropositive donors, strong killing of autologous EBV‐transformed cells was observed in the absence of any significant lysis of autologous mitogen‐stimulated lymphoblasts or of a panel of EBV genome‐negative cell lines sensitive to natural killing. Furthermore, the availability of IL2‐expanded effectors cell populations allowed their being tested upon a wide panel of allogeneic EBV‐transformed targets such that the dominant HLA‐restricted reactivities within these populations could be identified. Monoclonal antibody blocking experiments confirmed that lysis of the autologous EBV‐transformed cell line by IL2‐expanded effectors could be specifically inhibited (a) by pretreatment of the target cells with antibodies binding to the HLA/β2‐microglobulin complex, and (b) by pretreatment of the effector cells with the cytotoxic/suppressor T cell‐specific antibody Leu 2a.
The immune response against anti‐idiotope antibodies. I. Induction of idiotope‐bearing antibodies and analysis of the idiotope repertoire
Authors: Takemori Toshitada , Tesch Hans , Reth Michael , Rajewsky Klaus 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn the present analysis we dissect the idiotype repertoire, independently of haptenbinding specificity, by immunizing different strains of mice with cross‐linked monoclonal anti‐idiotopet antibodies against antibody B1‐8. B1‐8 is a monoclonal antibody with specificity for the hapten (4‐hydroxy‐3‐nitro‐phenyl)acetyl (NP) and carries a germ line gene‐encoded variable region. The results demonstrate that the expression of B1‐8 idiotopes and their association with eachother and with NP‐binding specificity are strain‐specific. Certain idiotopes are expressed on antibodies differing in antigen‐binding specificity, whereas one of the idiotopes appears strictly associated with NP‐binding antibodies. The genetic analysis provides strong evidence that the strain specificity of the idiotope repertoire is a result of V region polymorphism in the mouse.
Sendai virus‐specific T cell clones. II. Induction of interferon production by Sendai virus‐specific T helper cell clones
Authors: Ertl Hildegund C. J. , Brown Earl G. , Finberg Robert W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractInterferon (IFN) was detected upon co‐culture of cloned Sendai virus (SV)‐specific T lymphocyte with SV‐presenting syngeneic stimulator cells. The antiviral activity was defined as IFN‐α, β. The T cell clones, upon contact with antigen‐presenting stimulator cells, stimulated adherent cells present in the stimulator cell population to secrete IFN. Induction of IFN production was independent from interleukin 2 production by the T cell clones.
Superoxide anion production from mouse peritoneal macrophages stimulated with surface‐bound IgG and immune complexes: Adsorption characteristics of IgG in relationship to biological activity
Authors: Kasai Shunji , Akaike Toshihiro , Kunimoto Takehiko , Nitta Kazuo 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe bridging of IgG antibody molecules by either multivalent antigen or protein A adsorbed to a polymer surface triggers superoxide anion (O) generation from mouse peritoneal macrophages. Macrophages, upon stimulation with IgG adsorbed to a hydrophobic polymer, polystyrene, also significantly generated O. In contrast, soluble IgG did not stimulate macrophages. From these results we speculated that IgG adsorbed to polystyrene produces the same kind of a conformational change in its Fc region as seen in immune complexes, and leads to enhancement of the ability of the Fc region to bind macrophage Fc receptors, acting as a multivalent cross‐linking agent to aggregate the Fc receptors. The surface charge density of the immunosorbent did not affect the antigen recognition function of antibody, but markedly affected its effector function. These findings suggest that activation of the Fc receptor‐mediated function of macrophages requires, on the one hand, optimal conformational change and orientation of IgG and immune complexes adsorbed to the polymer surface and, on the other hand, the bridging of IgG molecules by multivalent agents.
Evidence for the ontogenic precedence of suppressor T cell functions in the human neonate
Authors: Andersson Ulf , Britton Sven , De Ley Marc , Bird Graham 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe study was undertaken to elucidate some functional characteristics of T cell subsets in human cord blood. A comparison of the cellular interactions involved in the in vitro regulation of pokeweed (PWM) vs. Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV)‐driven B cell differentiation was done in vitro in short‐term cultures of lymphocytes from newborns or adults. T cell subsets were isolated using the monoclonal antibodies OKT4+ and OKT8+.OKT4+ but not OKT8+ T lymphocytes from adults as well as neonates suppressed EBV‐induced immunoglobulin (Ig) secretion of B lymphocytes from adults. This inhibition was mediated through gamma‐type interferon (IFN‐γ). B cells from newborns were not inhibitable by OKT4+ lymphocytes as a result of their insensitivity to IFN‐γ.Helper activity for PWM‐induced Ig secretion was exclusively contained within the OKT4+ population from adult T cell donors. This function was normally not detectable in any of the neonatal T cell subsets. OKT8+ cells from both adults and neonates suppressed PWM‐induced Ig secretion, but required the collaboration with cells within the OKT4+ population. The suppressor activity in the PWM system was not IFN‐γ‐mediated.Thus, suppressor functions for EBV‐vs. PWM‐induced Ig synthesis were mediated through different pathways. There was no evidence of a unique suppressor system in the newborn. In the neonate, suppressor T cell activities are developed before T helper functions, a circumstance for which there is good evolutionary reason.
Biochemical analysis of class II antigens. Identification of a two‐ and a three‐polypeptide chain complex of I‐A locus equivalent molecules in the rat
Authors: Bayer Joachim , Reske Konrad 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe polypeptide chain composition of class II antigens from LEW rat spleen cells was studied utilizing cross‐reactive mouse alloantiserum A. TH anti‐A.TL (specificity anti‐Iak) and the monoclonal antibodies MRC‐OX6 and MRC‐OX3 for immunoprecipitation. Two‐dimensional gel mapping of A. TH anti‐A. TL immunoprecipitates revealed that, as in the mouse, two groups of class II antigens exist corresponding to I‐A and I‐E locus equivalent structures. In the absence of reducing agents three monomeric chains α, 36 kDa (p36); γ, 33 kDa (p33); and β, 23 kDa (p23), were detected for I‐A equivalent antigens, whereas I‐E equivalent molecules separated into five monomeric chains: α, 37 kDa (p37); γ, 33 kDa (p33); and three β chains 28 (p28), 26 (p26) and 24 kDa (p24). One strong dimer component of disulfide‐linked γ chains was found to be associated with products of both loci. Although slightly different in molecular weight, γ chain corresponds to the nonpolymorphic murine invariant chain Ii.Both monoclonal antibodies recognized rat homologues of the murine I‐A products. Extensive sequential criss‐cross‐immunoprecipitation with subsequent 2‐dimensional O'Farrell analysis indicated that (a) MRC‐OX6 precipitated molecules which were not recognized by MRC‐OX3 and vice versa; (b) MRC‐OX6 precipitated a three‐polypeptide chain complex composed of the polypeptides p36, p33 and p23; (c) MRC‐OX3 precipitated a two‐chain complex composed of p36 and p23; and (d) the respective heavy (α) and light (β) chains of both complexes possess very similar physicochemical parameters, suggesting that they are structurally related, if not identical.
Evidence for a new lymphocyte‐stimulating determinant (Lsd) detected by alloreactive T cell lines
Authors: Opalka Bertram , Kölsch Eckehart 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThree alloreactive T cell clones are described which reveal a new lymphocytestimulating determinant (Lsd) controlled by a gene on chromosome 1 of the mouse but different from and possibly centromeric to Mls. Two clones were originally isolated as anti‐H‐2b‐specific and showed and retained cross‐reactivity to Lsd (clone OD3, BALB/c anti‐C57BL/6; clone KB37, B10.BR anti‐C57BL/10). The third clone (BD7, C57BL/6 anti‐CBA/J) was probably originally directed against Lsd. So far, Lsd is only characterized by stimulation of T cell proliferation, and its physiological function is not yet known.