bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of carboxymethylcellulose and hyaluronate solutions on jejunal healing in horses
Authors: Eggleston Randy B. , Mueller P. O. Eric , Parviainen Anna K. , Groover Erin S. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To compare a double-layer inverting anastomosis with a single-layer appositional anastomosis, coated with either 1% sodium carboxymethylcellulose (SCMC) or 0.4% sodium hyaluronate (HA) solutions, in the small intestine of horses with respect to anastomotic healing and adhesion formation.Animals—18 adult horses.Procedure—Midline celiotomy and end-to-end jejunal anastomoses were performed. In control group horses (n = 6), a double-layer inverting anastomosis coated with sterile lactated Ringer's solution was performed. In treatment group horses, a single-layer appositional anastomosis was performed that was coated with 1% carboxymethylcellulose solution (SAA + SCMC group horses, 6) or 0.4% hyaluronate solution (SAA + HA group horses, 6). An additional 500 mL of the respective treatment solution was applied to the jejunal serosal surface, and 2 jejunal serosal abrasion sites were created. Horses were euthanatized 10 days after surgery. Anastomoses and abdominal adhesions were evaluated grossly. Anastomotic healing was evaluated on the basis of bursting wall tension.Results—Bursting wall tension was significantly greater in SAA + SCMC group horses, compared with control group horses. All intestinal segments failed at a point distant to the anastomosis. Significantly fewer adhesions were found at the abrasion sites of SAA + HA group horses, compared with control group horses. No differences were found in adhesion formation at the anastomotic sites among groups.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Coating a single- layer appositional jejunal anastomosis with SCMC or HA solutions does not adversely affect anastomotic healing. Application of 0.4% HA solution to the serosal surface of the jejunum significantly decreases the incidence of experimentally induced intra-abdominal adhesion formation in horses. (Am J Vet Res2004;65:637–643)
Effects of two anti-inflammatory drugs on physiologic variables and milk production in cows with endotoxin-induced mastitis
Authors: Wagner Sarah A. , Apley Michael D. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine the effects of 2 anti-inflammatory drugs in lactating Holstein cows with endotoxin- induced mastitis.Animals—30 multiparous Holstein cows that had been lactating for 30 to 60 days.Procedure—Bacterial culture of milk samples and physical examinations established that study cows were in good health and free of mastitis. Mastitis was induced in 1 front mammary gland by intramammary administration of purified bacterial endotoxin. Cows were allocated into 1 of 3 treatment groups: untreated endotoxic mastitis (n = 9), endotoxic mastitis plus flunixin meglumine (9), and endotoxic mastitis plus isoflupredone acetate (10). Heart rate, rectal temperature, mammary surface area, and rumen motility were recorded hourly for 14 hours following endotoxin administration. Flunixin meglumine or isoflupredone acetate was administered after mammary swelling and rectal temperature ≥ 40°C had developed. Milk production was evaluated from 5 days before to 10 days after induction of mastitis.Results—Neither drug ameliorated loss of milk production or swelling of the affected mammary gland. Both drugs reduced mean heart rate during the 14 hours following endotoxin administration, compared with untreated control cows. Cows treated with flunixin meglumine had increased rumen motility and decreased rectal temperature during the same period, compared with all other cows.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Neither drug enhanced recovery of milk production following endotoxin- induced mastitis. Flunixin meglumine decreased rectal temperature, whereas isoflupredone did not; however, it has not been established that reduction of fever is beneficial to cows with naturally occurring mastitis. (Am J Vet Res2004;65:64–68)
Pathologic changes associated with brucellosis experimentally induced by aerosol exposure in rhesus macaques ( Macaca mulatta )
Authors: Mense Mark G. , Borschel Richard H. , Wilhelmsen Catherine L. , Pitt M. Louise , Hoover David L. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To develop an aerosol exposure method for induction of brucellosis in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta).Animals—10 adult rhesus macaques.Procedure—8 rhesus macaques were challenge exposed with 102to 105colony-forming units ofBrucella melitensis16M by use of an aerosol-exposure technique, and 2 served as control animals. All macaques were euthanatized 63 days after challenge exposure. Gross and microscopic lesions, bacterial burden in target organs, and histologic changes in tissues were evaluated.Results—Grossly, spleen weights were increased in exposed macaques, compared with spleen weights in control macaques. Histologically, there was inflammation in the liver, kidneys, spleen, testes, and epididymides in exposed macaques. The spleen and lymph nodes had increased numbers of lymphohistiocytic cells. Morphometrically, the spleen also had an increased ratio of white pulp to red pulp. Areas of hepatitis and amount of splenic white pulp increased with increasing exposure dose.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Pathologic findings in rhesus macaques after aerosol exposure to Bmelitensisare similar to those observed in humans with brucellosis.Impact for Human Medicine—These results may aid in the development of a vaccine against brucellosis that can be used in humans. (Am J Vet Res2004;65: 644–652)
Effect of sevoflurane on hemodynamic and cardiac energetic parameters in ferrets
Authors: MacPhail Catriona M. , Monnet Eric , Gaynor James S. , Perini Alberto 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine the effect of sevoflurane on cardiac energetic and hemodynamic parameters in ferrets.Animals—7 healthy domesticated ferrets.Procedure—Sevoflurane was used as the sole anesthetic agent for general anesthesia in ferrets. Standard midline laparotomy and median sternotomy were performed to permit instrumentation. Myocardial blood flow was determined by use of colored microsphere technology. Measurements and blood samples were obtained at 1.25%, 2.5%, and 3.75% expired concentration of sevoflurane.Results—A dose-dependent decrease in arterial blood pressure, left ventricular pressure, systemic vascular resistance, aortic flow, and dp/dt (an index of contractility) was detected as expired concentration of sevoflurane increased. Heart rate, central venous pressure, coronary vascular resistance, myocardial oxygen extraction ratio, and(the time constant of relaxation) were unchanged. Cardiac external work decreased, as did myocardial oxygen consumption, causing increased cardiac efficiency at higher concentrations of sevoflurane.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Sevoflurane caused minimal and predictable cardiovascular effects in ferrets without increasing myocardial metabolic demands. Data obtained from this study have not been previously reported for a species that is being commonly used in cardiovascular research. These findings also support use of sevoflurane as a safe inhalant anesthetic in ferrets for clinical and research settings. (Am J Vet Res2004:65:653–658)
Effects of feeding large amounts of grain on colonic contents and feces in horses
Authors: Lopes Marco A. F. , White II Nathaniel A. , Crisman Mark V. , Ward Daniel L. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To assess changes in systemic hydration, concentrations of plasma electrolytes, hydration and physical properties of colonic contents and feces, and gastrointestinal transit in horses with access to large amounts of grain.Animals—6 horses with right dorsal colon (RDC) fistulas.Procedure—In a crossover design, horses were alternately fed 1 of 3 diets: orchard grass hay ad libitum after being adapted to this diet for at least 5 days, orchard grass hay ad libitum and 4.55 kg of grain offered every 12 hours after being adapted to orchard grass hay ad libitum for at least 5 days, or orchard grass hay ad libitum and 4.55 kg of grain offered every 12 hours after being adapted to this diet for at least 5 days. Physical examinations were performed and samples of blood, colonic contents, and feces were collected every 6 hours during a 48-hour observation period.Results—Grain ingestion had several effects, including changes in the concentrations of electrolytes in plasma; RDC contents became more homogenous, dehydrated, foamy, and less dense; RDC contents flowed spontaneously when the cannula was opened; RDC contents expanded when heated in an oven; and feces became fetid and less formed. Horses did not have any clinical signs of colic, endotoxemia, or laminitis.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Changes observed in the colonic contents and feces may be explained by the large amounts of hydrolyzable carbohydrates provided by grain. Access to large amounts of grain may increase the risk of tympany and displacement of the large intestine. (Am J Vet Res2004;65:687–694)
Immunohistochemical identification and fiber type specific localization of protein kinase C isoforms in equine skeletal muscle
Authors: van Ginneken Mireille M.E. , Keizer Hans A. , Wijnberg Inge D. , van Dam Klien G. , Schaart Gert , de Graaf-Roelfsema Ellen , van der Kolk Johannes H. , van Breda Eric 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To investigate whether protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms are expressed in equine skeletal muscle and determine their distribution in various types of fibers by use of immunofluorescence microscopy.Animals—5 healthy adult Dutch Warmblood horses.Procedure—In each horse, 2 biopsy specimens were obtained from the vastus lateralis muscle. Cryosections of equine muscle were stained with PKC isoform (α, β1, β2, δ, ξ, or ζ)-specific polyclonal antibodies and examined by use of a fluorescence microscope. Homogenized muscle samples were evaluated via western blot analysis.Results—The PKC α, β1, β2, δ, ξ, and ζ isoforms were localized within the fibers of equine skeletal muscle. In addition, PKC α and β2 were detected near or in the plasma membrane of muscle cells. For some PKC isoforms, distribution was specific for fiber type. Staining of cell membranes for PKC α was observed predominantly in fibers that reacted positively with myosin heavy chain (MHC)-IIa; PKC δ and ξ staining were more pronounced in MHC-I-positive fibers. In contrast, MHC-I negative fibers contained more PKC ζ than MHC-I-positive fibers. Distribution of PKC β1 was equal among the different fiber types.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results indicated that PKC isoforms are expressed in equine skeletal muscle in a fiber type-specific manner. Therefore, the involvement of PKC isoforms in signal transduction in equine skeletal muscle might be dependent on fiber type. (Am J Vet Res2004; 65:69–73)
Effects of enteral and intravenous fluid therapy, magnesium sulfate, and sodium sulfate on colonic contents and feces in horses
Authors: Lopes Marco A. F. , White II Nathaniel A. , Donaldson Lydia , Crisman Mark V. , Ward Daniel L. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To assess changes in systemic hydration, concentrations of electrolytes in plasma, hydration of colonic contents and feces, and gastrointestinal transit in horses treated with IV fluid therapy or enteral administration of magnesium sulfate (MgSO4), sodium sulfate (NaSO4), water, or a balanced electrolyte solution.Animals—7 horses with fistulas in the right dorsal colon (RDC).Procedure—In a crossover design, horses alternately received 1 of 6 treatments: no treatment (control); IV fluid therapy with lactated Ringer's solution; or enteral administration of MgSO4, Na2SO4, water, or a balanced electrolyte solution via nasogastric intubation. Physical examinations were performed and samples of blood, RDC contents, and feces were collected every 6 hours during the 48 hour-observation period. Horses were muzzled for the initial 24 hours but had access to water ad libitum. Horses had access to hay, salt, and water ad libitum for the last 24 hours.Results—Enteral administration of a balanced electrolyte solution and Na2SO4were the best treatments for promoting hydration of RDC contents, followed by water. Sodium sulfate was the best treatment for promoting fecal hydration, followed by MgSO4and the balanced electrolyte solution. Sodium sulfate caused hypocalcemia and hypernatremia, and water caused hyponatremia.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Enteral administration of a balanced electrolyte solution promoted hydration of RDC contents and may be useful in horses with large colon impactions. Enteral administration of either Na2SO4or water may promote hydration of RDC contents but can cause severe electrolyte imbalances. (Am J Vet Res2004;65:695–704)
Effect of oral administration of dantrolene sodium on serum creatine kinase activity after exercise in horses with recurrent exertional rhabdomyolysis
Authors: McKenzie Erica C. , Valberg Stephanie J. , Godden Sandra M. , Finno Carrie J. , Murphy Michael J. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine the effect of oral administration of dantrolene sodium on serum creatine kinase (CK) activity after exercise in horses with recurrent exertional rhabdomyolysis (RER).Animals—2 healthy horses and 5 Thoroughbreds with RER.Procedure—3 horses received 2 doses of dantrolene (4, 6, or 8 mg/kg, PO, with and without withdrawal of food) 2 days apart; 90 minutes after dosing, plasma dantrolene concentration was measured spectrofluorometrically. On the basis of these results, 5 Thoroughbreds with RER from which food was withheld received dantrolene (4 mg/kg) or an inert treatment (water [20 mL]) orally 90 minutes before treadmill exercise (30 minutes, 5 d/wk) during two 3-week periods. Serum CK activity was determined 4 hours after exercise. Plasma dantrolene concentration was measured before and 90 minutes after dosing on the first and last days of dantrolene treatment and before dosing on the first day of the inert treatment period.Results—90 minutes after dosing, mean ± SEM plasma dantrolene concentration was 0.62 ± 0.13 and 0 µg/mL in the dantrolene and inert treatment groups, respectively. Serum CK activity was lower in dantrolene- treated horses (264 ± 13 U/L), compared with activity in water-treated horses (1,088 ± 264 U/L). Two horses displayed marked muscle stiffness on the inert treatment.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—In 5 horses with RER from which food had been withheld, 4 mg of dantrolene/kg administered orally provided measurable, though variable, plasma concentrations and significantly decreased serum CK activity after exercise in 4 of those horses. (Am J Vet Res2004; 65:74–79)
Pulmonary epithelial lining fluid and plasma ascorbic acid concentrations in horses affected by recurrent airway obstruction
Authors: Deaton Christopher M. , Marlin David J. , Smith Nicola C. , Harris Pat A. , Roberts Colin A. , Schroter Robert C. , Kelly Frank J. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To determine the pulmonary epithelial lining
fluid (ELF) concentrations and degree of oxidation
of ascorbic acid in horses affected by recurrent airway
obstruction (RAO) in the presence and absence of
neutrophilic airway inflammation.

Animals—6 RAO-affected horses and 8 healthy control
horses.

Procedure—Nonenzymatic antioxidant concentrations
were determined in RBC, plasma, and ELF samples
of control horses and RAO-affected horses in the
presence and absence of airway inflammation.

Results—ELF ascorbic acid concentration was
decreased in RAO-affected horses with airway inflammation
(median, 0.06 mmol/L; 25th and 75th percentiles,
0.0 and 0.4 mmol/L), compared with RAOaffected
horses without airway inflammation (1.0
mmol/L; 0.7 and 1.5 mmol/L) and control horses
(2.2 mmol/L; 1.4 and 2.2 mmol/L). Epithelial lining fluid
ascorbic acid remained significantly lower in RAOaffected
horses without airway inflammation than in
control horses. Moreover, the ELF ascorbic acid redox
ratio (ie, ratio of the concentrations of dehydroascorbate
to total ascorbic acid) was higher in RAO-affected horses
with airway inflammation (median, 0.85; 25th and
75th percentiles, 0.25 and 1.00), compared with RAOaffected
horses without airway inflammation (0.04; 0.02
and 0.22). The number of neutrophils in bronchoalveolar
lavage fluid was inversely related to the ELF ascorbic
acid concentration ( r = –0.81) and positively correlated
with the ascorbic acid redox ratio ( r= 0.65).

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Neutrophilic
inflammation in horses affected by RAO is associated
with a reduction in the ELF ascorbic acid pool.
Nutritional supplementation with ascorbic acid derivatives
in horses affected by RAO is an area for further
investigation. ( Am J Vet Res2004;65:80–87)
Use of a polymerase chain reaction assay and an ELISA to monitor porcine circovirus type 2 infection in pigs from farms with and without postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome
Authors: Sibila Marina , Calsamiglia Maria , Segalés Joaquim , Blanchard Philippe , Badiella Llorenç , Le Dimna Mireille , Jestin André , Domingo Mariano 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine whether correlations exist between viremia with porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) and serum antibody profiles and between detection of PCV2 in nasal cavities and viremia of pigs from farms with and without postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS).Animals—495 pigs, ranging from the late nursery stage to the early grower-finisher stage of production.Procedure—Serum antibodies to PCV2 were studied with an ELISA that detects the ORF2 viral protein. Nasal swab specimens and serum samples were tested with a PCV2-specific PCR assay.Results—PCV2 DNA and serum antibodies to PCV2 were detected in pigs from all farms, although in different proportions. Overall, PCV2 DNA was detected in greater percentages in serum samples and nasal swab specimens of pigs from farms with PMWS. Although viral DNA was detected in both serum samples and nasal swab specimens, PCV2 detection in nasal swab specimens was higher than in serum samples of pigs from all farms. Serum antibodies to PCV2 were detected in a greater percentage of pigs from farms with PMWS, compared with farms without PMWS.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—A high prevalence of PCV2 infection was found in pigs from farms with and without PMWS. Besides the presence of PCV2, unknown additional factors may be necessary to induce the full expression of PMWS. (Am J Vet Res2004;65:88–92)
Development of a polymerase chain reactionbased method to identify species-specific components in dog food
Authors: Myers Michael J. , Farrell Dorothy E. , Heller David N. , Yancy Haile F. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To determine whether there is a relationship
between species-specific mitochondrial DNA
(mtDNA), especially canine and feline mtDNA, and
detectable amounts of pentobarbital in previously
analyzed dog food samples.

Sample Population—31 dog food samples previously
analyzed for pentobarbital (limit of detection, 1 µg/kg).

Procedure—Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis
was performed on dog food samples by use of
PCR primers specific for either canine, feline, equine,
bovine, porcine, ovine, or poultry mtDNA.

Results—PCR amplicons specific for feline or canine
mtDNA at a 0.007% (70 µg/g [wt/wt basis]) or
0.0007% (7 µg/g) level, respectively, were not found
in the 31 dog food samples. Most of the 31 dog food
samples had a PCR amplicon on PCR analysis when a
PCR primer set capable of simultaneously detecting
mtDNA of cows, pigs, sheep, goats, deer, elk, and
horses was used. Results of PCR analysis by use of
primers specific for bovine, swine, sheep and goat, or
horse mtDNA revealed amplicons specific for bovine
or swine mtDNA only in 27 of the 31 samples.
Analysis of the remaining 4 samples failed to yield
amplicons for any mammalian mtDNA. Pentobarbital
was detected in 2 of these 4 samples. Results of PCR
analysis correlated with the stated ingredient list for
most, but not all samples.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Because
canine and feline mtDNA were not found in a set of
retail dog food samples, these results indicate that
the source of pentobarbital in dog food is something
other than proteins from rendered pet remains. ( Am J Vet Res 2004;65:99–103)
Effects of oral administration of tilmicosin on pulmonary inflammation in piglets experimentally infected with Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae
Authors: Nerland Erin M. , LeBlanc Justin M. , Fedwick Jason P. , Morck Douglas W. , Merrill John K. , Dick Paul , Paradis Marie-Anne , Buret Andre G. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine the effects of oral administration of tilmicosin in piglets experimentally infected withActinobacillus pleuropneumoniae.Animals—Forty 3-week-old specific-pathogen free piglets.Procedure—Piglets were assigned to 1 of 4 groups as follows: 1) uninfected sham-treated control piglets; 2) infected untreated piglets that were intratracheally inoculated with 107CFUs of Apleuropneumoniae; 3) infected treated piglets that were intratracheally inoculated withA pleuropneumoniaeand received tilmicosin in feed (400 ppm [µg/g]) for 7 days prior to inoculation; or 4) infected treated piglets that were intratracheally inoculated with Apleuropneumoniaeand received chlortetracycline (CTC) in feed (1,100 ppm [µg/g]) for 7 days prior to inoculation. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and lung tissue specimens of piglets for each group were evaluated at 3 or 24 hours after inoculation. For each time point, 4 to 6 piglets/group were studied.Results—Feeding of CTC and tilmicosin decreased bacterial load in lungs of infected piglets. Tilmicosin delivered in feed, but not CTC, enhanced apoptosis in porcine BAL fluid leukocytes. This was associated with a decrease in LTB4concentrations in BAL fluid of tilmicosin-treated piglets, compared with untreated and CTC-treated piglets, and also with a significant decrease in the number of pulmonary lesions. Tilmicosin inhibited infection-induced increases in rectal temperatures, as measured in untreated and CTC-treated piglets. Pulmonary neutrophil infiltration and prostaglandin E2concentrations in the BAL fluid were not significantly different among groups at any time.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Oral administration of tilmicosin to infected piglets induces apoptosis in BAL fluid leukocytes and decreases BAL fluid LTB4concentrations and inflammatory lung lesions. (Am J Vet Res2005;66:100–107)