bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clonal diversity and genealogical relationships of gibel carp in four hatcheries
Authors: Li F.‐B. , Gui J.‐F. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryTo conserve and utilize the genetic pool of gynogenetic gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibelio), the Fangzheng and Qihe stock hatcheries have been established in China. However, little information is available on the amount of genetic variation within and between these populations. In this study, clonal diversity in 101 fish from these two stock hatcheries and 35 fish from two other hatcheries in Wuhan and Pengze respectively was analysed for variation in serum transferrin. Thirteen clones were found in Fangzheng and Qihe, of which 12 were novel. Six clones were specific to Fangzheng and three specific to Qihe, whereas four were shared among the Fangzheng and Qihe fish. To obtain more knowledge on genetic diversity and genealogical relationships within gibel carp, the complete mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region (∼920 bp) was sequenced in 64 individuals representing all 14 clones identified in the four hatcheries. Differences in the mtDNA sequences varied remarkably among hatcheries, with the Fangzheng and Qihe lines demonstrating high diversity and Wuhan and Pengze showing no variation. The Fangzheng and Qihe lines might represent two distinct matrilineal sources. One of the Qihe samples carried the haplotype shared by a most widely cultivated Fangzheng clone, indicating that a Fangzheng clone escaped from cultivated ponds and moved into the Qihe hatchery. Four Fangzheng samples clustered within the lineage formed mainly by Qihe samples, most likely reflecting historical gene flow from Qihe to Fangzheng. It is suggested that clones in Wuhan originated from Fangzheng, consistent with their introduction history, supporting the hypothesis that gibel carp in Pengze were domesticated from individuals in the Fangzheng hatchery.
Fine‐mapping of a marbling trait to a 2.9‐cM region on bovine chromosome 7 in Japanese Black cattle
Authors: Hirano T. , Watanabe T. , Inoue K. , Sugimoto Y. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryTo locate quantitative trait loci (QTL) for intramuscular fat deposition (marbling) in a local population of Japanese Black cattle, we performed a genome scan using a paternal half‐sib family of Bull A. A marbling QTL was mapped in the region flanked by DIK0079 (20.7 cM) and TGLA303 (39.3 cM) on bovine chromosome (BTA) 7, affecting 5.0% of the total family variance. Haplotype analysis of the QTL region revealed that the marbling‐increasing Q allele was transmitted from the dam. On the other hand, Bull B, a maternal half‐sib of Bull A, did not receive the Q allele from its dam, based on the following findings: (i) a marbling QTL on BTA7 was not detected in the Bull B paternal half‐sib family; (ii) recombination between DIK0079 (20.7 cM) and RM006 (25.4 cM) in the QTL region was observed in the maternal chromosome of Bull B; and (iii) the Q‐harbouring steers from Bull A exhibited significantly higher marbling than the steers from Bull B and the remaining steers from Bull A. To precisely compare the maternal chromosomes of both bulls, we constructed a bacterial artificial chromosome contig covering the region between DIK0079 and RM006 and developed DNA markers. The recombination occurred between DIK8042 and DIK8044, indicating that the marbling QTL was in a 2.9‐cM region flanked by DIK0079 and DIK8044.
DNA polymorphisms in bovine fatty acid synthase are associated with beef fatty acid composition1
Authors: Zhang S. , Knight T. J. , Reecy J. M. , Beitz D. C. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryThe objective of this study was to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the thioesterase (TE) domain of the bovine fatty acid synthase (FASN) gene and to evaluate the extent to which they were associated with beef fatty acid composition. The four exons in FASN that encode for the TE domain were sequenced, and three SNPs, AF285607:g.17924A>G, g.18663T>C and g.18727C>T, were identified. Purebred Angus bulls (n = 331) were classified into three genotype groups, g.17924AA (n = 121), g.17924AG (n = 168) and g.17924GG (n = 42). The g.17924A>G genotype was significantly associated with fatty acid composition of longissimus dorsi muscle of Angus bulls. Cattle with the g.17924GG genotype had lower myristic acid (C14:0; P < 0.0001), palmitic acid (C16:0, P < 0.05) and total saturated fatty acid contents (P < 0.01), greater health index (P < 0.001), oleic acid content (C18:1; P < 0.001) and total monounsaturated fatty acid concentration (P < 0.01) in the total lipids and triacylglycerols fraction than did those with the g.17924AA genotype. Because of the linkage disequilibrium between SNPs g.17924A>G and g.18663T>C, similar significant associations of fatty acid contents with the g.18663T>C genotypes were observed. In conclusion, the SNPs g.17924A>G and g.18663T>C may be used as DNA markers to select breeding stock that have a healthier fatty acid composition.
Detection of quantitative trait loci for meat quality traits in cattle
Authors: Gutiérrez‐Gil B. , Wiener P. , Nute G. R. , Burton D. , Gill J. L. , Wood J. D. , Williams J. L. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryA whole‐genome scan was carried out to detect quantitative trait loci (QTL) affecting sensory, organoleptic, physical and chemical properties of meat. The study used phenotypic data from 235 second‐generation cross‐bred bull calves of a Charolais × Holstein experimental population. Loin muscle samples were evaluated for yield force, intramuscular fat and nitrogen contents, myofibrillar fragmentation index, haem pigment concentration, moisture content and pH at 24 h postmortem. A sensory assessment was performed on grilled loin and roasted silverside joints by trained panellists. A linear regression analysis based on 165 markers revealed 35 QTL at the 5% chromosome‐wide significance level (20 for sensory traits and 15 for physical and chemical traits), five of which were highly significant (F‐value: ≥9). The most significant QTL was located on chromosome 6 (with the best likely position at 39 cM) and affected haem pigment concentration. The Holstein allele for this QTL was associated with an increase of 0.53 SD in the haem scores. A QTL for pH24h was identified on chromosome 14 (at 40 cM) and a QTL for moisture content was identified on chromosome 22 (at 21 cM). Two highly significant QTL were identified for sensory panel‐assessed traits: beef odour intensity (grilled sample) on chromosome 10 (at 119 cM), and juiciness (roast sample) on chromosome 16 (at 70 cM). The proportion of phenotypic variance explained by the significant QTL ranged from 3.6% (for nitrogen content on chromosome 10) to 9.5% (for juiciness, roast sample on chromosome 16).
The origin of selection signatures on bovine chromosome 6
Authors: Hayes B. J. , Lien S. , Nilsen H. , Olsen H. G. , Berg P. , Maceachern S. , Potter S. , Meuwissen T. H. E. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryThe extent and pattern of linkage disequilibrium (LD) between closely spaced markers contain information about population history, including past population size and selection history. Selection signatures can be identified by comparing the LD surrounding a putative selected allele at a locus to the putative non‐selected allele. In livestock populations, locations of selection signatures identified in this way should be correlated with QTL affecting production traits, as the populations have been under strong artificial selection for these traits. We used a dense SNP map of bovine chromosome 6 to characterize the pattern of LD on this chromosome in Norwegian Red cattle, a breed which has been strongly selected for milk production. The pattern of LD was generally consistent with strong selection in regions containing QTL affecting milk production traits, including a strong selection signature in a region containing a mutation known to affect milk production. The results demonstrate that in livestock populations, the origin of selection signatures will often be QTL for livestock production traits, and illustrate the value of selection signatures in uncovering new mutations with potential effects on quantitative traits.
Polymorphisms in the promoter region of the porcine antiviral MX1 and MX2 genes
Authors: Tungtrakoolsub P. , Noda T. , Morozumi T. , Hamasima N. , Kobayashi E. , Ueda J. , Watanabe T. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryThe porcine MX1 and MX2 promoters were characterized in this study. Sequencing of the 332‐bp MX1 promoter region identified 15 substitutions and insertions at three positions in 21 pigs from 15 breeds, in which nine genotypes were classified. Among the nine genotypes, no statistically significant differences in the promoter activities were observed after interferon (IFN‐α 2b) treatment of transiently transfected cells containing constructs with luciferase reporter plasmids. The 341‐bp MX2 promoter region contained regulatory sequences for ISRE, GC box, Sp1 and AP‐1, as well as a TATA box. Nucleotide sequences of the MX2 promoter region revealed four substitutions and one deletion, in which six genotypes were classified. Among the six genotypes, a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05) in MX2 promoter activities after IFN‐α 2b treatment was detected in transiently transfected cells.
High genetic divergence in miniature breeds of Japanese native chickens compared to Red Junglefowl, as revealed by microsatellite analysis
Authors: Tadano R. , Nishibori M. , Imamura Y. , Matsuzaki M. , Kinoshita K. , Mizutani M. , Namikawa T. , Tsudzuki M. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryA wide diversity of domesticated chicken breeds exist due to artificial selection on the basis of human interests. Miniature variants (bantams) are eminently illustrative of the large changes from ancestral junglefowls. In this report, the genetic characterization of seven Japanese miniature chicken breeds and varieties, together with institute‐kept Red Junglefowl, was conducted by means of typing 40 microsatellites located on 21 autosomes. We drew focus to genetic differentiation between the miniature chicken breeds and Red Junglefowl in particular. A total of 305 alleles were identified: 27 of these alleles (8.9%) were unique to the Red Junglefowl with high frequencies (>20%). Significantly high genetic differences (FST) were obtained between Red Junglefowl and all other breeds with a range of 0.3901–0.5128. Individual clustering (constructed from combinations of the proportion of shared alleles and the neighbour‐joining method) indicated high genetic divergence among breeds including Red Junglefowl. There were also individual assignments on the basis of the Bayesian and distance‐based approaches. The microsatellite differences in the miniature chicken breeds compared to the presumed wild ancestor reflected the phenotypic diversity among them, indicating that each of these miniature chicken breeds is a unique gene pool.
Effect of CYP2C19 *2 and *17 mutations on pharmacodynamics and kinetics of proton pump inhibitors in Caucasians
Authors: Hunfeld Nicole G. , Mathot Ron A. , Touw Daan J. , Van Schaik Ron H. , Mulder Paul G. , Franck Paul F. , Kuipers Ernst J. , Geus William P. 
Published: January 2008

WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ABOUT THIS SUBJECT • The influence of CYP2C19 on the kinetics and dynamics of omeprazole, lansoprazole and rabeprazole has been studied in Japanese subjects.• It has been suggested that subjects with *1/*1 genotype might need stronger acid suppression than *1/*2 and *2/*2 subjects. This suggestion comes from data in Japanese subjects and has not been confirmed in Caucasians.• Furthermore, a novel CYP2C19 mutation, *17, which mainly occurs in Caucasians has been discovered. This mutation has been associated with clinical failure, but its relevance for therapy with PPIs has not been studied yet. WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS • In this study, the influence of CYP2C19 on both the pharmacokinetics and dynamics in Caucasian subjects after single and repeated dosing has been investigated.• This is the first study showing that Caucasian subjects with *1/*1 and *1/*17 mutations need stronger acid‐inhibition. In this study three proton pump inhibitors (omeprazole, lansoprazole and pantoprazole, in different doses) were studied of which pantoprazole had not been studied before in this setting, not even in Japanese.AIMSTo investigate the impact of CYP2C19 mutations *2‐*6 and *17 on acid‐inhibition and pharmacokinetics of lansoprazole (L15), omeprazole (O10, O20) and pantoprazole (P40) in Caucasians.METHODS CYP2C19 genotyping for *2–*6 and *17 mutations was assessed in subjects who were H. pylori negative in two randomized crossover trials. The influence of CYP2C19 mutations on single and repeated administration of L15 and O10 (study A) and O20 and P40 (study B) was investigated. Pharmacokinetics and the cumulative percentage of time with intragastric pH above 4 (% > pH 4) were assessed on day 1 and 6.RESULTSFor study A CYP2C19 genotyping found five *1/*1, four *1/*2, one *1/*17 and one *2/*17. For study B the results were six *1/*1, two *1/*2, six *1/*17, one *2/*2 and one *2/*17. For all PPIs AUC was highest in *2/*2 and lowest in *1/*17. On day 1, all PPIs significantly increased percentage >pH 4 compared with baseline. *1/*1 genotype showed no significant acid‐inhibition after L15, O10 and O20. *1/*17 genotype showed no significant acid‐inhibition after O20 and P40. *1/*2 genotype showed significant acid‐inhibition after L15 and O10. On day 6, all four PPIs showed significantly increased acid‐inhibition. *1/*1 and *1/*17 showed a significantly increased percentage > pH 4 after treatment with O20 and P40. However, in *1/*1 subjects percentage > pH 4 was not significantly increased after L15 and O10. *1/*2 genotype showed a significant acid‐inhibitory effect after repeated dosing with L15 and O10.CONCLUSIONSCaucasian subjects with *1/*1 and *1/*17 genotype need stronger acid‐suppression therapy, especially during the first days of treatment or with on‐demand therapy.
Liver dysfunction in Turner's syndrome: prevalence, natural history and effect of exogenous oestrogen
Authors: Koulouri Olympia , Ostberg Julia , Conway Gerard S. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryObjectives  Raised liver enzymes are a common feature of Turner's syndrome (TS), but the cause remains unclear. We studied the hepatic function in a large cohort of women with TS and tested the effect of increasing doses of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on liver function tests (LFTs).Design and patients  LFTs were assessed in three studies. A cross‐sectional review of liver function of 125 women (median age: 31 years), a longitudinal study of 30 women (mean follow‐up period: 8 years) and a dose–response study of 14 women with TS and 11 controls with hypogonadism, who received oral 17‐β‐oestradiol (E2) 1, 2 and 4 mg daily in a cyclical formulation for 12 weeks each.Measurements  Clinical features, oestrogen use and metabolic parameters were compared to liver enzymes (γ‐glutamyl transferase (GGT), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP)), albumin and bilirubin. LFTs were also measured during each treatment interval of the dose–response study. Hepatic autoimmunity was sought in the cross‐sectional study.Results  When compared to the control population, as opposed to reference ranges, 91% of women with TS demonstrated liver enzyme elevation, with a yearly incidence of 2·1%. LFTs correlated positively with cholesterol (P < 0·001), BMI (P = 0·004) and type of oestrogen therapy (P = 0·04). Increasing doses of HRT resulted in a significant decrease in GGT, ALT, bilirubin and albumin. No evidence of excessive hepatic autoimmunity was found.Conclusion  The prevalence of raised liver enzymes in TS may have been underestimated by the use of reference ranges rather than matched controls. Obesity and hyperlipidaemia are associated with raised LFTs, as well as the use of HRT compared to the oral contraceptive pill (OCP). Exogenous oestrogen both as OCP and HRT improves liver function. Liver dysfunction in TS is likely to be a form of hepatic steatosis and intervention trials are now indicated.
Alteration of ghrelin–neuropeptide Y network in obese patients with polycystic ovary syndrome: role of hyperinsulinism
Authors: Romualdi Daniela , De Marinis Laura , Campagna Giuseppe , Proto Caterina , Lanzone Antonio , Guido Maurizio 
Published: January 2008

SummaryObjective  Insulin, ghrelin, neuropeptide Y (NPY) and leptin interact in the regulation of energy homeostasis. Most of these signals are altered in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), which is characterized by a high prevalence of obesity. The present study was conducted to evaluate ghrelin–NPY and ghrelin–leptin interplays in relation to insulin secretion in obese PCOS subjects.Design  Pilot prospective study.Patients  Seven obese PCOS women and seven age–weight matched controls.Measurements  Hormonal measurements, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and a ghrelin test (1 µg/kg i.v. bolus). PCOS patients repeated the clinical work‐up after 4 months of metformin treatment (1500 mg/day orally).Results  At baseline, PCOS women showed a significantly higher insulinaemic response to the OGTT compared to controls (P < 0·05). In basal conditions, PCOS women exhibited lower NPY levels than controls (P < 0·01). Ghrelin injection markedly increased NPY in controls (P < 0·01), whereas PCOS women showed a deeply blunted NPY response to the stimulus (area under the curve – AUC–NPY: P < 0·01 vs. controls.). Metformin treatment induced a significant decrease in insulin levels (P < 0·01) and the concomitant recovery of NPY secretory capacity in response to ghrelin (AUC–NPY: P < 0·05 vs. baseline) in PCOS women. Leptin levels, which were similar in the two groups, were not modified by ghrelin injection; metformin did not affect this pattern.Conclusion  Hyperinsulinaemia seems to play a pivotal role in the alteration of NPY response to ghrelin in obese PCOS women. This derangement could be implicated in the physiopatology of obesity in these patients.
Fine needle aspiration at a Regional Head and Neck Clinic: A clinically beneficial and cost‐effective service
Authors: O’Donnell M. E. , Salem A. , Badger S. A. , Sharif M. A. , Kamalapurkar D. , Lieo T. , Spence R. A. J. 
Published: January 2008

Background:  Fine needle aspiration (FNA) is an important adjuvant to the diagnosis of a palpable lesion which often permits the complete assessment of patients. The main objective of this study was to determine the clinical benefit of a dedicated FNA service at a tertiary referral Head and Neck Clinic and to assess if such a service is cost effective.Methods:  All patients attending the Head and Neck Clinic during 2004 were prospectively assessed in this study. Patient records were analysed regarding investigative modalities including FNA, the subsequent cytology result and the requirement for further histopathological investigations. A cost analysis for all investigative procedures was performed.Results:  A total of 135 patients (36 males) had FNAs performed during the study period. The median age was 51.5 years (range 17–92). Patients presented with lesions of lymph nodes (n = 46), thyroid (n = 41), salivary, parotid or submandibular glands (n = 22) and other cutaneous or cystic lesions (n = 26). Cytological grading results were; C1 = 26, C2 = 93, C3 = 8, C4 = 2 and C5 = 6. Patients with lesions C3 or above normally proceeded to further investigations. The overall cost of the FNA per episode in the out‐patient clinic was £114 per episode compared to day case open biopsy per patient of £333 and an in‐patient stay per patient was £2371. FNA provided sufficient pathological diagnosis to avoid day case surgery in 57 patients (42.2%), and inpatient surgery in 65 patients (48.1%) resulting in a total saving of £158 372 in 2004.Conclusion:  This study demonstrates the clinical benefit and cost‐effectiveness of FNA services in a dedicated Head and Neck clinic.
Evaluating drought effect on MODIS Gross Primary Production (GPP) with an eco‐hydrological model in the mountainous forest, East Asia
Authors: HWANG TAEHEE , KANG SINKYU , KIM JOON , KIM YOUNGIL , LEE DOWON , BAND LAWRENCE 
Published: January 2008

AbstractSurface soil moisture dynamics is a key link between climate fluctuation and vegetation dynamics in space and time. In East Asia, precipitation is concentrated in the short monsoon season, which reduces plants water availability in the dry season. Furthermore, most forests are located in mountainous areas because of high demand for agricultural land, which results in increased lateral water flux and uneven distribution of plant available water. These climatic and topographic features of the forests make them more vulnerable to drought conditions. In this study, the eco‐hydrological model (Regional Hydro‐Ecological Simulation System) is validated with various water and carbon flux measurements in a small catchment in Korea. The model is then extended to the regional scale with fine‐resolution remote sensing data to evaluate the Moderate Resolution Imaging Radiometer (MODIS) leaf area index and gross primary productivity (GPP) products. Long‐term model runs simulated severe drought effect in 2001 well, which is clearly shown in the ring increment data. However, MODIS GPP does not capture this drought effect in 2001, which might be from a simplified treatment of water stress in the MODIS GPP algorithm. This study shows that the MODIS GPP products can potentially overestimate carbon uptake specifically during drought conditions driven by soil water stress.
Expression of Langerin/CD207 reveals dendritic cell heterogeneity between inbred mouse strains
Authors: Flacher Vincent , Douillard Patrice , Aït‐Yahia Smina , Stoitzner Patrizia , Clair‐Moninot Valérie , Romani Nikolaus , Saeland Sem 
Published: January 2008

SummaryLangerin/CD207 is expressed by a subset of dendritic cells (DC), the epithelial Langerhans cells. However, langerin is also detected among lymphoid tissue DC. Here, we describe striking differences in langerin‐expressing cells between inbred mouse strains. While langerin+ cells are observed in comparable numbers and with comparable phenotypes in the epidermis, two distinct DC subsets bear langerin in peripheral, skin‐draining lymph nodes of BALB/c mice (CD11chigh CD8αhigh and CD11clow CD8αlow), whereas only the latter subset is present in C57BL/6 mice. The CD11chigh subset is detected in mesenteric lymph nodes and spleen of BALB/c mice, but is virtually absent from C57BL/6 mice. Similar differences are observed in other mouse strains. CD11clow langerin+ cells represent skin‐derived Langerhans cells, as demonstrated by their high expression of DEC‐205/CD205, maturation markers, and recruitment to skin‐draining lymph nodes upon imiquimod‐induced inflammation. It will be of interest to determine the role of lymphoid tissue‐resident compared to skin‐derived langerin+ DC.
Class II major histocompatibility complex tetramer staining: progress, problems, and prospects
Authors: Vollers Sabrina S. , Stern Lawrence J. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryThe use of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) tetramers in the detection and analysis of antigen‐specific T cells has become more widespread since its introduction 11 years ago. Early challenges in the application of tetramer staining to CD4+T cells centred around difficulties in the expression of various class II MHC allelic variants and the detection of low‐frequency T cells in mixed populations. As many of the technical obstacles to class II MHC tetramer staining have been overcome, the focus has returned to uncertainties concerning how oligomer valency and T‐cell receptor/MHC affinity affect tetramer binding. Such issues have become more important with an increase in the number of studies relying on directex vivoanalysis of antigen‐specific CD4+T cells. In this review we discuss which problems in class II MHC tetramer staining have been solved to date, and which matters remain to be considered.