bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigating the important proteins in causing West Nile virus infection in retinal pigment cells
Authors: Hosseinzadeh Reza , Mohammadi Mahnaz , Taheri Saba 
Published: March 2024

Introduction: West Nile virus is an infection transmitted through blood-sucking arthropods. Ocular manifestations are one of the characteristics of West Nile virus infection. They occur mostly in connection with severe neurological disease. In this study، using bioinformatics analysis، we investigated and identified the genes in the pathways related to West Nile virus infection in the retina.
Methods: In this study, using bioinformatics methods and referring to the GEO dataset, the appropriate dataset was selected for analysis. This dataset included gene expression profiles in West Nile virus infection with retinal pigment cells. Gene clusters with high and low expression were categorized. For more accurate data evaluation, databases such as Enrichr، STRING and Network analyst were used. The candidate genes were isolated and their protein relationship was also measured using cytoescape software version 3.7.1. The obtained values with P-Value˂0.05 were selected as significant data.
Results: The number of 830 genes with high expression and 500 genes with low expression was involved in the development pathways of West Nile virus infection in the eye. Apoptosis، necroptosis، AMPK and MAPK autophagy pathways were clearly observed. After evaluating the relationship between protein networks، RIPK1، STAT1/3 and JAK2 increased expression and GSK3B، MAPK8 and TSC2 genes had decreased expression.
Conclusion: The present study showed that important proteins and genes played a major role in strengthening West Nile virus inflammation in the retina, among which RIPK1,TSC2, STAT1 and JAK2 showed a more prominent role in this pathway.
Indirect Taxation: Assessing the Impact of the Sugar Tax in Poland
Authors: Rosiński Rafał , Mundziel Julia 
Published: March 2024

The purpose of the article. In 2019, Poland introduced a sugar tax that encompassed food products, including beverages. Since the sugar tax is a form of indirect taxation, consumers bear its burden in the price of the purchased product. In response, businesses often adjust prices or reduce product quantities to offset their costs. This article aims to characterize the fiscal and non-fiscal significance of the sugar tax and to illustrate its impact on the financial situation of a selected soft drink industry enterprise.
Methodology. The applied research methods include a literature review analysis, analysis of legal acts and financial data analysis.
Results of the research. The impact of the sugar tax on a company can be diverse and dependent on various factors. Its fiscal and non-fiscal nature means that, on the one hand, the goal is to reduce the consumption of "harmful products" to improve public health by reducing sugar intake and addressing health problems related to excessive consumption of sugary beverages. On the other hand, it aims to generate additional revenue for the state budget. It also has implications for the financial situation of the company.The results of the analysis indicate that the sugar tax, due to its pass-through nature, remains neutral for businesses, without adversely affecting revenue, profitability or financial liquidity.
Enhancing a Water Risk Assessment Tool with Integrated Management Strategy
Authors: Nanruksa S. , Dhanasin P. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This paper introduces the company's novel Water Related Risk Assessment Tool, a bespoke risk-based approach to water management within oil and gas facilities. This tool helps the company to identify and assess water-related risks and opportunities at individual asset levels. Its key ideation of water risk assessment lies in merging data from reputable global databases (WWF Water Risk Filter and WRI Aqueduct) with the company's localized information, creating a comprehensive picture of potential risks and their financial impacts. The tool analyzes water risk likelihood and severity across three timeframes – current year, 2030, and 2050 – under various concerns encompassing physical, regulatory, reputational, operational, and basin-specific water challenges. This multi-dimensional assessment allows the company to prioritize water-related risks by integrating financial data based on their potential financial impact, guiding targeted mitigation efforts, and identifying opportunities for assessment beyond identifying risks. It also highlights water efficiency opportunities in high water stress areas, enabling proactive management of water resources, and tracking progress as continuous monitoring ensures that risks are regularly reassessed and mitigation strategies adapt to changing circumstances.
As a result of the assessments, the overall company water risks indicated from low to medium, according to the company's risk matrix. However, a few specific assets were identified as operating within high-stress areas. Therefore, the company has been actively pursuing water efficiency initiatives to mitigate these risks within and beyond its operational boundaries. The assessment result is considered integrated into the company risk management system to ensure long-term effectiveness, guarantee consistent monitoring and develop appropriate mitigation of significant water-related risks.
In conclusion, the Water Risk Assessment Tool exemplifies a comprehensive customized risk-based approach to integrated water management strategy. By integrating global data with company-specific insights, it prioritizes and enables proactive risk identification and mitigation, and ultimately, sustainable water resource management within the oil and gas sector.
3D Printing Solution for Corrosion Management
Authors: Banna R. W. , Orfali A. M. , Elayoubi E. M. , Baig M. M. , Khan I. A. , Asiri A. Y. 
Published: March 2024

Wedge wire laterals (WWL) of filters are designed to remove particulates from fluids to prevent contamination, media passing or damage to downstream industrial processes, equipment and oil and gas reservoirs Figure 1. WWL is the main element for the filtration process and any failure or leaks will lead to media passing and affect to all downstream piping, equipment and meeting water quality specification.
The existing materials is stainless steel 316 and it has frequent failures, corrosion and pitting even before the turnaround and inspection T&I due date, as shown in below picture. The design of the laterals is unique and can't be achieved with traditional manufacturing methods of nonmetallic materials due to laterals technical specifications.
The idea is to use the fourth industrial revolution IR 4.0 of 3D printing technology to design and manufacture the sand filter (WWL) with non-metallic material to withstand the filter operating condition.
A Novel Digital Framework for Intelligent and Real-Time Water Injection System Management
Authors: Reddicharla Nagaraju , Alshehhi Shamma Saeed , Kumar Amit , Konkati Sarath , Sultan Ali Mayada , Elmansour Ayman 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In line with ADNOC production growth strategy, water injection management is seen as one of the key field development strategies to achieve the mandated production target as it will maintain reservoir pressure as well as improve sweep efficiency and increase field recovery factor. In view of this, it is crucial to ensure an effective integrated water injection system with sufficient water supply capacity is in place. ADNOC Onshore has set-up unique digital framework to manage the system with increased levels of consistent production through increased uptime, while also reducing maintenance costs and lowering overall risk
This digital framework integrated with three types of analytics that businesses use to drive their decision making. Real time monitoring has been implemented as a foundation layer for water injection system consisting of water supply wells, surface pumps and water injection wells. Descriptive Analytics uses data aggregation and data mining to provide insight into the past such as down time analysis & down time root causes. These analytics are useful because they allow us to learn from past behaviors and understand how they might influence future outcomes. The next layer is predictive Analytics, which uses statistical models and forecasting techniques to understand the future. The failure prediction models have been implemented to predict ESP failures in water supply wells and pump failures in surface pumps. This provides actionable insights based on data. The relatively new field of prescriptive analytics allows users to "prescribe" several different possible actions and guide them towards a solution. In a nutshell, these analytics are all about providing advice. Prescriptive analytics attempts to quantify the effect of future decisions to advise on possible outcomes before the decisions are made.
This framework integrates all essential elements of water injection surveillance and analysis into a fully digitized intelligent system, it significantly reduces total operating costs, and substantially decreases production risks. This intelligent system has been implemented across multiple fields consisting of several hundred injectors and supply wells.
Digital transformation is changing the way operates on a scale for managing water injection system. The comprehensive real-time and near-real-time reporting the system provides gives an unparalleled level of transparency into all the daily field operations that are carried out on their assets, directly and unfiltered from the sensors and digitized processes. This paper describes the unique digital framework aligned with data analytics for managing water injection system.
Softener Regeneration Optimization
Authors: Bekair K. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
A new innovative idea, which has been filed for patent, is simply utilizing waste water, which is RO membrane reject, in the process of regenerating a softener unit. This unit's product, soft water, is utilized instead of raw water in cooling towers since it has a lower hardness than raw water, resulting in a lower usage of water in the cooling system. The principle of softener units is based on ion-to-ion exchange between the hardness material, which is mainly calcium and magnesium, and sodium. After utilizing the softener unit, the resins will be saturated with hardness materials; hence, a regeneration process would be required to make the unit available again for operation. The new innovative procedure involves replacing the raw water in the regeneration process with RO reject. Theoretically, one of the challenges that the idea encountered was the high concentration of hardness materials in the RO reject. The analysis showed that the performance of the regeneration process when utilizing RO reject will not be affected. Based on the theoretical evaluation, a six-month trial was conducted, and it was concluded that the idea was successful. The quantifiable benefit of applying such an innovative idea is a reduction in the overall utilization of raw water in the regeneration process by 40%, which is 15 million gallons of fresh water per year, which corresponds to a dollar value of $150,000 per annum.
Accuracy of Beamscan Software in Determining Inflection Point from FFF Beam Profile using Several Array Detectors
Authors: Samuel James Jebaseelan Jebaseelan , Kandasamy Kanakavel 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The goal of this study is to determine the accuracy of the PTW Beamscan program in determining the inflection point from an FFF Beam Profile utilizing Multiple Detectors. Profile measurements were taken with PTW’s 729, 1500, and 1600 and the Starcheck system, the Pinpoint 3D with Beamscan system, and Linac’s EPID. Using the first-order derivative employed in the Excel spreadsheet and Beamscan software, raw measured data were used to determine the inflection point, and the FWHM was calculated. The accuracy of inflection points and FWHM between the Excel sheet calculation and the software program were investigated. For 10X10 cm2 in the 729 Array, the greatest differences in FWHM were 5.16 mm and 5.04 mm for the X6 FFF and X10 FFF Energies, respectively. The largest difference was 2.26 mm for 1600 SRS arrays with a 15×15 cm2 field size. The difference in FWHM between Manual and software analysis for 10X10 cm2 and 20X20 cm2 Field Sizes is in decreasing order for detectors from 729, 1500, 1600 SRS, Starcheck, Pinpoint 3D, and EPID. In contrast, there is no climbing or declining pattern detected in the difference in Field Width for the 15×15 cm2 Field Size. Similarly, for all detectors except the 1600 SRS array, the peak of the first-order derivative occurs at the chamber position for a 15X15 cm2 field size. EPID outperformed all other detectors in terms of agreement with values obtained by software analysis. The data show that increased resolution improves inflection point detection. Thus, it is shown that BeamScan software is ideal for FFF beam profile analysis utilizing inflection point analysis.
Human neural stem cells derived from fetal human brain communicate each other and rescue ischemic neurons through tunneling nanotubes
Authors: Pisani Francesco , Capobianco Diletta , De Zio Roberta , Profico Daniela , Gelati Maurizio , Simone Laura , D'Erchia Anna Maria , Palma Francesco Di , Mormone Elisabetta , Bernardi Paolo , Sbarbati Andrea , Gerbino Andrea , Pesole Graziano , Vescovi Angelo , Svelto Maria 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Pre-clinical trials have demonstrated the neuroprotective effects of transplanted human neural stem cells (hNSCs) during the post-ischemic phase. However, the exact neuroprotective mechanism remains unclear. Tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) are long plasma membrane bridges that physically connect distant cells, enabling the intercellular transfer of mitochondria, contributing to post-ischemic repair processes. Whether hNSCs communicate through TNTs and their role in post-ischemic neuroprotection remain unknown. In this study, non-immortalized hNSC lines derived from fetal human brain tissues were examined to explore these possibilities and assess the post-ischemic neuroprotection potential of these hNSCs. Using Tau-STED super-resolution confocal microscopy, live cell time-lapse fluorescence microscopy, electron microscopy, and direct or non-contact homotypic co-cultures, we demonstrated that hNSCs generate nestin-positive TNTs in both 3D neurospheres and 2D cultures, though which they transfer functional mitochondria. Co-culturing hNSCs with human neurons revealed heterotypic TNTs allowing mitochondrial transfer from hNSCs to neurons. To investigate the role of heterotypic TNTs in post-ischemic neuroprotection, neurons were subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) followed by reoxygenation (OGD/R) with or without hNSCs in direct or non-contact co-cultures. Compared to normoxia, OGD/R neurons became apoptotic with impaired electrical activity. When OGD/R neurons were co-cultured in direct contact with hNSCs, heterotypic TNTs enabled the transfer of functional mitochondria from hNSCs to OGD/R neurons, rescuing them from apoptosis and restoring the bioelectrical profile toward normoxic neurons. This complete neuroprotection did not occur in the non-contact co-culture. In summary, our data reveal the presence of a functional TNTs network containing nestin within hNSCs, demonstrate the involvement of TNTs in post-ischemic neuroprotection mediated by hNSCs, and highlight the strong efficacy of our hNSC lines in post-ischemic neuroprotection.
Optimizing IOL calculation in triple-DMEK: data from a real-life cohort
Authors: Velarde-Rodríguez Gonzalo , Lorenzana-Blanco Natalia , Corte-Alonso Sofía , Garcia-Sandoval Blanca , Morote Ignacio Jiménez-Alfaro , Alejandre-Alba Nicolás 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Aim To enhance the accuracy of intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation in patients undergoing simultaneous cataract surgery and Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (triple-DMEK) by predicting corneal power changes.Methods Observational ambispective monocentric cohort study. Real life refractive outcomes and pre/post-operative corneal data from the IOL Master 700 (Zeiss) were merged in a linear corneal change model (LCCM), including traditional and new-generation formulae. The model was compared with the outcomes of optimizing IOL constants specifically for Triple-DMEK.Results 97 eyes of 69 patients with a follow-up of more than 3 months were analysed. Preoperative keratometry was unavailable in 9 eyes, in which IOL calculation was performed by manually with autorefractometer data and were analysed separately. Mean absolute error (MAE) for the former group was higher than for the measured one, 1.35 ± 1.16 D and 0.75 ± 0.70 D respectively. The median change in simulated keratometry (SimK) was − 0.21 ± 0.68 D and in total keratometry (TK) was − 0.62 ± 1.09 D, both statistically significant (p < 0.001). The lowest MAE was achieved by SRK/T with constant optimization (0.60 ± 0.58 D). The LCCM applied to any formula, showed similar MAE results to the constant optimization method (p > 0.05). However, the maximum absolute error for the optimization method was 2.08 ± 0.16 D, while for the LCCM method was 1.87 ± 0.13 D.Conclusions Keratometric readings in corneas with Fuchs´ dystrophy should be carefully measured. SimK and TK show a significant change during Triple-DMEK surgery. Optimizing IOL constants for this surgery improves the MAE, while using the LCCM could lead to a reduction of refractive surprises.
Experimental study on the spray characteristics of low mass flow pressure swirl nozzles
Authors: Zhang Tao , Kai Xingping , Li Zhenhuan , He Yeguang , Wang Nan , Li Rundong 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Pressure swirl nozzles with small mass flow are severed as starting nozzles and their spray characteristics directly affect the ignition performance in the combustion chamber. In order to adapt to different combustion chambers and to clarify the spray laws of nozzles with different spray cone angles, experimental studies have been carried out on the spray cone angle, the breakup length, the droplet velocity field, and the droplet size distribution characteristics for two nozzles. The results show that with the increase in injection pressure, the spray cone angle increases and then tends to slow down, the liquid film breakup length and droplet size decreases, the droplet velocity decreases as the increase in axial distance, the droplet velocity decay rate of the outside of the cone is higher than that of the droplets at the center axis position. Under the same working conditions, as the spray cone angle increases, the sprayed droplet size decreases but its uniformity improves, and the droplet velocity near the center axis of the spray field of the smaller spray angle cone nozzle increases significantly. From a theoretical point of view, it is shown that the conical liquid film breakup length becomes smaller for nozzles with large spray cone angles at the same flow rates.
Clinical diagnosis model Construction of endometriosis based on clinical data*
Authors: Zhang Wenwen , Jia Qiucheng , Tang Huimin , Chen Yao , Shan Wulin , Zhu Genhai , Chen Jiming 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Objective
Screen the relevant diagnostic indicators of endometriosis, build a diagnostic model and verify it, so as to provide a scientific basis for diagnosis and differentiation.zig.
Method(s)
A total of 625 patients with pathologically confirmed endometriosis were selected from December 2016 to June 2022 in Hainan Provincial people's Hospital. 308 patients with endometriosis were selected as case group and 317 patients without endometriosis as control group. There were 41 cases in the case group and 28 cases in the control group. The clinical characteristics and laboratory indexes of patients in the case group and the control group were compared: age, dysmenorrhea, progressive aggravation of symptoms, dysuria, abnormal menstruation, difficulty in sexual intercourse, low back and abdominal pain, infertility, carbohydrate antigen 125, monocyte percentage, monocyte absolute value, platelet, mean platelet volume, platelet volume distribution width, platelet volume ratio, lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase. The independent risk factors were screened by binary Logistic regression analysis and the prediction model was constructed. Hosmer-Lemeshow was used to test the goodness of fit of the model and the subject working characteristic curve was used to judge the prediction efficiency of the model.
Result(s)
There were significant differences in age, dysmenorrhea, progressive aggravation of symptoms, abnormal menstruation, infertility, CA125, PCT, LDH and ALP between the two groups. The higher the CA125, the higher the risk of endometriosis, with statistical significance [OR = 1.023 (95% CI:1.016–1.029)], dysmenorrhea symptoms [OR = 3.467 (95% CI:2.052–5.859)], progressive symptoms [OR = 4.501 (95% CI:1.389–14.584)] and infertility [OR = 2.776 (95% CI:1.216–6.335)]. The higher the risk of endometriosis. The higher the LDH [OR = 0.993 (95% CI:0.987–0.999)] and the higher the ALP [OR = 0.977 (95% CI:0.962–0.991)], the lower the risk of endometriosis. The constructed model was verified by Hmurl and the result showed that P = 0.103, which suggested that the model fitted well. When the area under the model curve was 0.846 (95%CI:0.815–0.873) and the Jordan index was 0.5498, the best critical value was 0.478, the sensitivity was 69.81 and the specificity was 85.17.
Conclusion(s)
The model has good degree of fit and distinguishing ability, and can be used as an auxiliary means.
Five-years survival of Brazilian patients with lip, oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancer
Authors: Castro Fernando Silva , Lessa Adriele Freitas Neiva , Duarte Rita de Cássia de Jesus , Vieira Flávio Ferraz , Castro Sebastião Maurício Oliveira , Oliveira Ana Carolina Ribeiro , Bittencourt Alexandre Horácio Couto , Amancio Alice Muglia Thomaz Silva , Cardoso Fabrizio dos Santos , Silva Sérgio Gomes da 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Objective: Worldwide, oral cancers represent the sixth most common oncological malignancy, and the incidence of oral cancer has increased over the last decade. Based on this, we conducted a study to evaluate five-years survival of Brazilian patients with lip, oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancer.
Materials and Methods: We used data from the Hospital Cancer Registry at Hospital do Câncer de Muriaé to analyze cancer cases from 2010 to 2016.
Results: Majority of our sample did not complete elementary school (75.90%) and the under-60 age group represented the largest population (53.30%). Alcoholism and smoking were habits present in in 40.51% and 55.90% of the cases, respectively. In 51.27% of cases, patients had advanced disease with invasion of adjacent tissues (staging IV). Five-years oral cancer survival was 72.08%. In addition, five-years survival of patients in staging I was significantly higher compared to patients in staging IV.
Conclusion: Taken together, we found that patients in staging IV and above 79 years of age have the lowest survival. Increasing access to health care and prevention strategies are fundamental and necessary to change the current scenario.