bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patient–physician sex concordance and outcomes in cardiovascular disease: a systematic review
Authors: Harik Lamia , Yamamoto Ko , Kimura Takeshi , Rong Lisa Q , Vogel Birgit , Mehran Roxana , Bairey-Merz C Noel , Gaudino Mario 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The sex disparity in outcomes of patients with cardiovascular disease is well-described and has persisted across recent decades. While there have been several proposed mechanisms to explain this disparity, there are limited data on female patient–physician sex concordance and its association with outcomes. The authors review the existing literature on the relationship between patient–physician sex concordance and clinical outcomes in patients with cardiovascular disease, the evidence of a benefit in clinical outcomes with female patient–physician sex concordance, and the possible drivers of such a benefit and highlight directions for future study.
Personality and Risk of Arthritis in Six Longitudinal Samples
Authors: Stephan Yannick , Sutin Angelina R , Canada Brice , Terracciano Antonio 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Personality traits are broadly related to medical conditions, but there is limited research on the association with the risk of arthritis. This multicohort study examines the concurrent and prospective associations between personality traits and arthritis risk.

Methods
Participants (N &gt; 45,000) were mostly middle-aged and older adults from 6 established longitudinal cohorts. Baseline assessments of personality traits, covariates (age, sex, education, race, ethnicity, depressive symptoms, body mass index, and smoking), and arthritis diagnosis were obtained in each sample. Arthritis incidence was assessed over 8–20 years of follow-up.

Results
The meta-analyses identified an association between higher neuroticism and an increased risk of concurrent (odds ratio = 1.20, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.16–1.24; p &lt; .001, I2 = 40.27) and incident (hazard ratio = 1.11, 95% CI = 1.08–1.14; p &lt; .001, I2 = 0) arthritis and between higher conscientiousness and a decreased risk of concurrent (odds ratio = 0.88, 95% CI = 0.86-0.90; p &lt; .001, I2 = 0) and incident (hazard ratio = 0.95, 95% CI = 0.92–0.98; p = .002, I2 = 41.27) arthritis. Higher extraversion was linked to lower risk of concurrent (odds ratio = 0.92, 95% CI = 0.88–0.96; p &lt; .001, I2 = 76.09) and incident (hazard ratio = 0.97, 95% CI = 0.95–0.99; p = .018, I2 = 0) arthritis, and openness was related to lower risk of concurrent arthritis (odds ratio = 0.96, 95% CI = 0.93–0.99; p = .006, I2 = 35.86). Agreeableness was unrelated to arthritis. These associations were partially accounted for by depressive symptoms, body mass index, and smoking. There was no consistent evidence of moderation by age or sex.

Discussion
Findings from 6 samples point to low neuroticism and higher conscientiousness as factors that reduce the risk of arthritis.
Who cares? How personal political characteristics are related to online counteractions against hate speech
Authors: Schmid Ursula Kristin , Obermaier Magdalena , Rieger Diana 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAlthough many Internet users have encountered hate speech online, interventions against those incidents are unlikely. To learn more about online counteractions against hate speech, which we conceptualize as a form of online civic participation, we conducted an online survey representing adult German Internet users (N = 2,691). We investigated what distinguishes users who intervene against hate speech, focusing on associations between citizens’ prior counteractions and their personal political characteristics, their attributed responsibility for intervening against hate speech to social and political actors, and their institutional trust. Results indicate that especially Internet users’ personal political characteristics (e.g., internal political efficacy, political opinion leadership) as well as trust in regulative political institutions are positively associated with counteracting against online hate speech. While social media use and previous experience with counteractions increased the likelihood of users counteracting against hate speech, authoritarian attitudes and attributing responsibility for intervening to platform operators decreased it.
Examining the role of the digital economy in carbon production efficiency under incentive-based environmental regulations: a spatial spillover perspective
Authors: Hou Jian , Shi Juming , Fan Guoliang 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
As China transitions towards high-standard growth development, the digital economy profoundly influences the formation of a new paradigm for reducing carbon emissions in this new era. This study examines how the digital economy impacts carbon productivity within the framework of incentive-based environmental regulations. Spatial econometric methods were employed for empirical analysis using provincial-level data from 2011 to 2021. The study’s findings suggest that: (I) Within the resource tax weight matrix, the digital economy shows a positive local effect on carbon productivity, a conclusion that withstands robustness testing. (II) Under the spatial Durbin model with heterogeneous coefficients, certain provinces exhibit either positive or negative spillover effects. (III) Both vehicle and vessel taxes and environmental taxes show a dual-threshold effect, while resource taxes demonstrate only a single-threshold effect. Additionally, all these factors present a nonlinear moderating effect that positively influences the relationship. As per these outcomes, this study offers the following proposed actions to foster synergistic development of the economy driven by digital technologies and the effectiveness of carbon production, thus facilitating high-quality, sustainable economic growth: (I) Enhance investment in the development of the digital economy. (II) Implement suitable local resource, environmental, and vehicle and vessel taxes.
Microbial metabolism of caffeine and potential applications in bioremediation
Authors: Mock Meredith B , Summers Ryan M 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWith increasing global consumption of caffeine-rich products, such as coffee, tea, and energy drinks, there is also an increase in urban and processing waste full of residual caffeine with limited disposal options. This waste caffeine has been found to leach into the surrounding environment where it poses a threat to microorganisms, insects, small animals, and entire ecosystems. Growing interest in harnessing this environmental contaminant has led to the discovery of 79 bacterial strains, eight yeast strains, and 32 fungal strains capable of metabolizing caffeine by N-demethylation and/or C-8 oxidation. Recently observed promiscuity of caffeine-degrading enzymes in vivo has opened up the possibility of engineering bacterial strains capable of producing a wide variety of caffeine derivatives from a renewable resource. These engineered strains can be used to reduce the negative environmental impact of leached caffeine-rich waste through bioremediation efforts supplemented by our increasing understanding of new techniques such as cell immobilization. Here, we compile all of the known caffeine-degrading microbial strains, discuss their metabolism and related enzymology, and investigate their potential application in bioremediation.
Strain specific Starmerella bacillaris and Saccharomyces cerevisiae interactions in mixed fermentations
Authors: Englezos Vasileios , Di Gianvito Paola , Serafino Gabriele , Giacosa Simone , Cocolin Luca , Rantsiou Kalliopi 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Aims
Yeast interactions have a key role in the definition of the chemical profile of the wines. For this reason, winemakers are increasingly interested in mixed fermentations, employing Saccharomyces cerevisiae and non-Saccharomyces strains. However, the outcome of mixed fermentations is often contradictory because there is a great variability among strains within species. Previously, it was demonstrated that the loss of culturability of Starmerella bacillaris in mixed fermentations with S. cerevisiae was due to the physical contact between cells. Therefore, to further explore previous observations, the interaction mechanisms among different strains of Starm. bacillaris and S. cerevisiae during mixed fermentations were investigated.

Methods and results
Fermentations were conducted under conditions that allow physical contact between cells (flasks) but also using a double-compartment fermentation system in which cells of both species were kept separate. The role of competition for nutrients and antimicrobial compounds production on yeast–yeast interaction mechanisms was also investigated. Three Starm. bacillaris and three S. cerevisiae strains were used to investigate if interaction mechanisms are modulated in a strain-specific way. Both species populations were affected by physical contact, particularly Starm. bacillaris that lost its culturability during fermentation. In addition, loss of culturability of Starm. bacillaris strains was observed earlier in flasks than in the double-compartment system. The phenomena observed occurred in a strain couple-dependent way. Starm. bacillaris disappearance seemed to be independent of nutrient depletion or the presence of inhibitory compounds (which were not measured in this study).

Conclusion
Overall, the results of the present study reveal that cell-to-cell contact plays a role in the early death of non-Saccharomyces but the extent to which it is observed depends greatly on the Starm. bacillaris/S. cerevisiae strains tested.
The use of MFN clauses in investment arbitration: the problem of importation
Authors: Villablanca Gutiérrez José Pedro 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The nature of most-favoured-nation clauses (MFN clauses) is a constant source of debate and controversy. While the traditional position has been that they allow an investor to import provisions from another International Investment Agreement (IIA)—a practice that has been defined by some as ‘importation’1—there is a new trend that considers this a misuse of MFN clauses. This article endorses the latter position and will explain that the practice of importation derives from a misinterpretation of MFN clauses contained in IIAs. This error involves requesting a remedy for the specific performance of the MFN clause without first having claimed its breach. The claimant asks an arbitral tribunal simply to enforce the MFN clause by granting him the same provisions conferred to another investor. However, in this exercise, the investor forgets that, in order for an arbitral tribunal to order such a remedy, it must first be proven that such an obligation exists and was breached by the host state.
Agency consultation networks in environmental impact assessment
Authors: Wang Jie , Ulibarri Nicola , Scott Tyler A 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Government agencies practice interagency consultation to ensure that broader governmental activities align with their missions and objectives. Consultation allows agencies not only to express their preferences and interests, but also may create administrative burden and procedural delay. To explore the conditions under which agencies choose to review activities proposed by fellow government actors, this research focuses on the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA), California’s environmental impact assessment law. We conceptualize the CEQA review network as a two-mode network, in which each review agency is linked to particular projects, and use two-mode exponential random graph models to test a series of hypotheses about agency, project, and agency–project dyadic characteristics that shape the choice to review. We find that projects located in sites with socioeconomically vulnerable residents or higher levels of background pollution garner more consultation. Agencies are more likely to provide consultation when their expertise aligns with the project’s impact, and are less likely to review a project with agencies that possess the same expertise. This research highlights variations underlying interagency consultation and helps understand how agencies try to influence other agencies’ decisions.
Abundance stratification in type Ia supernovae – VII. The peculiar, C-rich iPTF16abc: highlighting diversity among luminous events
Authors: Aouad Charles J , Mazzali Paolo A , Ashall Chris , Tanaka Masaomi , Hachinger Stephan 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
Observations of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) reveal diversity, even within assumed subcategories. Here, the composition of the peculiar iPTF16abc (SN 2016bln) is derived by modelling a time series of optical spectra. iPTF16abc’s early spectra combine traits of SNe 1999aa and 1991T known for weak Si ii λ 6355 and prominent Fe iii features. However, it differs with weak early Fe iii lines, and persistent C ii lines post-peak. It also exhibits a weak Ca ii H&K feature aligning it with SN 1991T, an observation supported by their bolometric light curves. The early attenuation of Fe iii results from abundance effect. The weakening of the Si ii λ 6355 line, stems from silicon depletion in the outer shells, a characteristic shared by both SNe 1999aa and 1991T, indicating a common explosion mechanism that terminates nuclear burning at around 12 000 km s−1 unseen in normal events. Beneath a thin layer of intermediate mass elements (IMEs) with a total mass of 0.18 M⊙, extends a 56Ni rich shell totaling 0.76 M⊙ and generating a bolometric luminosity as high as Lpeak = 1.60 ± 0.1 × 1043 ergs s−1. Inner layers, typical of SNe Ia, hold neutron-rich elements, (54Fe and 58Ni), totaling 0.20 M⊙. Stable iron, exceeding solar abundance, and carbon, coexist in the outermost layers, challenging existing explosion models. The presence of carbon down to v ≈ 9000 km s−1, totalling ∼0.01 M⊙ unprecedented in this class, links iPTF16abc to SN 2003fg-like events. The retention of 91T-like traits in iPTF16abc underscores its importance in understanding the diversity of SNe Ia.
Episodic eruptions of young accreting stars: the key role of disc thermal instability due to Hydrogen ionization
Authors: Nayakshin Sergei , Cruz Sáenz de Miera Fernando , Kóspál Ágnes , Ćalović Aleksandra , Eislöffel Jochen , Lin Douglas N C 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
In the classical grouping of large magnitude episodic variability of young accreting stars, FU Ori type objects (FUORs) outshine their stars by a factor of ∼100, and can last for up to centuries; EX Lupi type ones (EXORs) are dimmer, and last months to a year. A disc Hydrogen ionization thermal instability (TI) scenario was previously proposed for FUORs but required unrealistically low disc viscosity. In the last decade, many intermediate-type objects, for example, FUOR-like in luminosity and spectra but EXOR-like in duration were found. Here, we show that the intermediate-type bursters Gaia20eae, PTF14jg, Gaia19bey, and Gaia21bty may be naturally explained by the TI scenario with realistic viscosity values. We argue that TI predicts a dearth (desert) of bursts with peak accretion rates between 10−6 ${\rm {\rm M}_{\odot }}$ yr−1$\lesssim \dot{M}_{\rm burst} \lesssim 10^{-5}$ ${\rm {\rm M}_{\odot }}$ yr−1, and that this desert is seen in the sample of all the bursters with previously determined $\dot{M}_{\rm burst}$. Most classic EXORs (FUORs) appear to be on the cold (hot) branch of the S-curve during the peak light of their eruptions; thus TI may play a role in this class differentiation. At the same time, TI is unable to explain how classic FUORs can last for up to centuries, and overpredicts the occurrence rate of short FUORs by at least an order of magnitude. We conclude that TI is a required ingredient of episodic accretion operating at R ≲ 0.1 au, but additional physics must play a role at larger scales. Knowledge of TI inner workings from related disciplines may enable its use as a tool to constrain the nature of this additional physics.
Near-infrared spectroscopic indices for unresolved stellar populations. III. Composite indices definition as age and metallicity tracers and model comparison
Authors: Gasparri D , Morelli L , Cuomo V , Ivanov V D , Pizzella A , François P , Coccato L , Corsini E M , Costantin L , Dalla Bontà E , Méndez-Abreu J , Aguerri J A L 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
Recent advances in the stellar population studies of unresolved galaxies in the NIR domain demonstrated that it contains several line-strength indices to be potentially used as diagnostics for stellar population properties. Reduction of the extinction and possibility to disentangle different stellar populations dominating different spectral ranges are obviously beneficial. To this aim, we have investigated the connections between 19 Lick/IDS indices and 39 NIR indices measured in the central regions of 32 galaxies observed with X-shooter. We adopted a systematic approach to deriving a correlation matrix using all the optical and NIR indices measured for the galaxies and building new NIR composite indices to maximize their correlations with the best age and metallicity optical tracers. We found that the new T1 and [AlFeCr] composite indices are promising age and metallicity diagnostics in NIR, respectively. We finally tested the T1 and [AlFeCr] indices with the predictions of simple stellar populations models, and we found that the models show a general agreement with the data. Some fine tuning and further comparison between models and data, which are now largely available, is necessary to reach the prediction level of the optical line-strength indices.
A link between the size and composition of comets
Authors: Robinson James E , Malamud Uri , Opitom Cyrielle , Perets Hagai , Blum Jürgen 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
All cometary nuclei that formed in the early Solar System incorporated radionuclides and therefore were subject to internal radiogenic heating. Previous work predicts that if comets have a pebble-pile structure internal temperature build-up is enhanced due to very low thermal conductivity, leading to internal differentiation. An internal thermal gradient causes widespread sublimation and migration of either ice condensates, or gases released from amorphous ice hosts during their crystallization. Overall, the models predict that the degree of differentiation and re-distribution of volatile species to a shallower near-surface layer depends primarily on nucleus size. Hence, we hypothesize that cometary activity should reveal a correlation between the abundance of volatile species and the size of the nucleus. To explore this hypothesis, we have conducted a thorough literature search for measurements of the composition and size of cometary nuclei, compiling these into a unified data base. We report a statistically significant correlation between the measured abundance of CO/H2O and the size of cometary nuclei. We further recover the measured slope of abundance as a function of size, using a theoretical model based on our previous thermophysical models, invoking re-entrapment of outward migrating high volatility gases in the near-surface pristine amorphous ice layers. This model replicates the observed trend and supports the theory of internal differentiation of cometary nuclei by early radiogenic heating. We make our data base available for future studies, and we advocate for collection of more measurements to allow more precise and statistically significant analyses to be conducted in the future.
Non-thermal broadening of coronal lines in a 3D MHD loop model
Authors: Breu C A , Peter H , Solanki S K , Cameron R , De Moortel I 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
Observed spectral profiles of emission lines from the corona are found to have widths exceeding the thermal line width. To investigate the physical mechanism, we run a 3D magnetohydrodynamics model of a single, straightened loop in which we partially resolve turbulent motions that form in response to the driving by self-consistently evolving magneto-convection in the photosphere. The convective motions shear and twist the magnetic field lines, leading to heating. From the model, we synthesize spectral profiles of emission lines forming at temperatures around and above 1 MK. The coronal heating process generates a range of velocity amplitudes and directions structured on a scale much smaller than the resolving power of current instruments, leading to a broadening of the spectral lines. Our model includes the mass exchange between corona and chromosphere, thus we also capture flows parallel to the loop axis. We find that the spectral lines show a non-thermal line broadening roughly consistent with observations for a viewing angle perpendicular to the axis. The broadening through field-parallel flows is comparable, although slightly smaller. The line broadening is independent of the instrument resolution for a perpendicular line of sight (LOS). We can connect the non-thermal line broadening to heating events and flows. While small-scale velocities along the LOS are mainly responsible for the broadening observed perpendicular to the loop, chromospheric evaporation is important for the line broadening observed along the loop. The model reproduces observed values for non-thermal line widths. In the model, these result from continuous driving by magnetoconvection, without imposing driving motions or starting from an already braided field.
On the properties of free-floating planets originating in circumbinary planetary systems
Authors: Coleman Gavin A L 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
Free-floating planets are a new class of planets recently discovered. These planets don’t orbit within stellar systems, instead living a nomadic life within the galaxy. How such objects formed remains elusive. Numerous works have explored mechanisms to form such objects, but have not yet provided predictions on their distributions that could differentiate between formation mechanisms. In this work we form these objects within circumbinary systems, where these planets are readily formed and ejected through interactions with the central binary stars. We find significant differences between planets ejected through planet–planet interactions and those by the binary stars. The main differences that arise are in the distributions of excess velocity, where binary stars eject planets with faster velocities. These differences should be observable amongst known free-floating planets in nearby star-forming regions. We predict that targeted observations of directly imaged free-floating planets in these regions should be able to determine their preferred formation pathway, either by planet formation in single or multiple stellar systems, or through processes akin to star formation. Additionally, the mass distributions of free-floating planets can yield important insights into the underlying planet populations. We find that for planets more massive than 20 $\, {\rm M}_{\hbox{$\oplus $}}$, their frequencies are similar to those planets remaining bound and orbiting near the central binaries. This similarity allows for effective and informative comparisons between mass distributions from microlensing surveys, to those of transit and radial velocities. Ultimately, by observing the velocity dispersion and mass distribution of free-floating planets, it will be possible to effectively compare with predictions from planet formation models, and to further understand the formation and evolution of these exotic worlds.