bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Compliance and pulse wave velocity assessed by MRI detect early aortic impairment in young patients with mutation of the smooth muscle myosin heavy chain
Authors: Lalande A. , Khau Van Kien P. , Walker P.M. , Zhu L. , Legrand L. , Claustres M. , Jeunemaître X. , Brunotte F. , Wolf J.E. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate aortic elasticity with MRI on young asymptomatic individuals with mutation of the smooth muscle myosin heavy chain in whom aortic enlargement is not present.Materials and MethodsAortic compliance, aortic distensibility, and pulse wave velocity (PWV) were semiautomatically measured from MRI in 8 asymptomatic subjects having a mutation of the MYH11 gene (M+) and 21 nonmutated relatives (M−) of similar age, sex, and blood pressure characteristics.ResultsDespite a similar aortic diameter in both groups, the aortic compliance and distensibility were significantly lower in M+ subjects compared with M− (0.84 ± 0.33 versus 2.03 ± 0.54 mm2/mmHg, 1.18 ± 0.62 10−3 versus 5.11 ± 1.58 10−3 mmHg−1, respectively), and PWV was significantly higher (5.35 ± 1.53 versus 3.60 ± 0.64 m.s−1). A threshold aortic compliance value of 1.3 mm2/mmHg separated the two groups. The receiver operating characteristics curve analysis indicated an optimal threshold of 2.9 10−3 mmHg−1 for aortic distensibility (sensitivity: 87.5%, specificity: 90%), and of 4.4 m.s−1 for PWV (sensitivity: 75%, specificity: 100%).ConclusionYoung asymptomatic adults with MYH11 mutation have an aortic compliance impairment which is not detectable by the sole measurement of the aortic size. Aortic compliance measurement might be part of routine examination in patients suspected of inherited aortic disease even with a normal aortic diameter. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2008;28:1180–1187. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effective motion‐sensitizing magnetization preparation for black blood magnetic resonance imaging of the heart
Authors: Nguyen Thanh D. , de Rochefort Ludovic , Spincemaille Pascal , Cham Matthew D. , Weinsaft Jonathan W. , Prince Martin R. , Wang Yi 
Published: October 2008

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the effectiveness of flow signal suppression of a motion‐sensitizing magnetization preparation (MSPREP) sequence and to optimize a 2D MSPREP steady‐state free precession (SSFP) sequence for black blood imaging of the heart.Materials and MethodsUsing a flow phantom, the effect of varying field of speed (FOS), b‐value, voxel size, and flow pattern on the flow suppression was investigated. In seven healthy volunteers, black blood images of the heart were obtained at 1.5T with MSPREP‐SSFP and double inversion recovery fast spin echo (DIR‐FSE) techniques. Myocardium and blood signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) and myocardium‐to‐blood contrast‐to‐noise ratio (CNR) were measured. The optimal FOS that maximized the CNR for MSPREP‐SSFP was determined.ResultsPhantom data demonstrated that the flow suppression was induced primarily by the velocity encoding effect. In humans, FOS = 10–20 cm/s was found to maximize the CNR for short‐axis (SA) and four‐chamber (4C) views. Compared to DIR‐FSE, MSPREP‐SSFP provided similar blood SNR efficiency in the SA basal and mid‐views and significantly lower blood SNR efficiency in the SA apical (P = 0.02) and 4C (P = 0.01) views, indicating similar or better blood suppression.ConclusionVelocity encoding is the primary flow suppression mechanism of the MSPREP sequence and 2D MSPREP‐SSFP black blood imaging of the heart is feasible in healthy subjects. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2008;28:1092–1100. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparison and reproducibility of ADC measurements in breathhold, respiratory triggered, and free‐breathing diffusion‐weighted MR imaging of the liver
Authors: Kwee Thomas C. , Takahara Taro , Koh Dow‐Mu , Nievelstein Rutger A.J. , Luijten Peter R. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractPurposeTo compare and determine the reproducibility of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) measurements of the normal liver parenchyma in breathhold, respiratory triggered, and free‐breathing diffusion‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI).Materials and MethodsEleven healthy volunteers underwent three series of DWI. Each DWI series consisted of one breathhold, one respiratory triggered, and two free‐breathing (thick and thin slice acquisition) scans of the liver, at b‐values of 0 and 500 s/mm2. ADCs of the liver parenchyma were compared by using nonparametric tests. Reproducibility was assessed by the Bland–Altman method.ResultsMean ADCs (in 10−3 mm2/sec) in respiratory triggered DWI (2.07–2.27) were significantly higher than mean ADCs in breathhold DWI (1.57–1.62), thick slice free‐breathing DWI (1.62–1.65), and thin slice free‐breathing DWI (1.57–1.66) (P < 0.005). Ranges of mean difference in ADC measurement ± limits of agreement between two scans were −0.02–0.05 ± 0.16–0.24 in breathhold DWI, −0.14–0.20 ± 0.59–0.60 in respiratory triggered DWI, −0.03–0.03 ± 0.20–0.29 in thick slice free‐breathing DWI, and −0.01–0.09 ± 0.21–0.29 in thin slice free‐breathing DWI.ConclusionADC measurements of the normal liver parenchyma in respiratory triggered DWI are significantly higher and less reproducible than in breathhold and free‐breathing DWI. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2008;28:1141–1148. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Role of spectral presaturation attenuated inversion‐recovery fat‐suppressed T2‐weighted MR imaging in active inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Udayasankar Unni K. , Martin Diego , Lauenstein Thomas , Rutherford Robin , Galloway John , Tudorascu Dana , Sitaraman Shanthi V. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractPurposeTo retrospectively evaluate the efficacy of spectral presaturation attenuated inversion‐recovery (SPAIR) fat‐suppressed (FS) partial Fourier single shot (SSH) T2‐weighted (T2W) and gadolinium‐enhanced (Gd) FS 3D‐gradient echo (3DGRE) T1‐weighted (T1W) delayed phase MRI to differentiate active bowel inflammation from fibrotic disease in patients with Crohn's disease (CD).Materials and MethodsMRI studies of 81 patients (mean age, 43 years; range, 22–77 years; M:F ratio 33:48) had T2W and T1W imaging including SPAIR‐SSH and delayed Gd‐3DGRE. The ability to assess disease activity in bowel segments affected were retrospectively evaluated by a grading scheme based on subjective analysis of signal intensities. These results were compared against the standard clinical parameters of disease activity.ResultsSPAIR‐SSH images correlated better (r = 0.74, P < 0.0001) with activity than delayed Gd‐3DGRE (r = 0.39, P = 0.0003), with a significant difference between the two techniques (P < 0.0001). SPAIR‐SSH images showed higher specificity in detection of severely active disease in per patient (98%) and segmental (98%) analysis compared to Gd‐3DGRE (57%, 70%). Gd‐3DGRE technique showed significantly higher sensitivity (P = 0.01) in identifying active disease in per patient (83%) and segmental (85%) analysis compared to SPAIR‐SSH (70%, 64%).ConclusionSPAIR‐SSH detects actively diseased CD bowel segments with a high level of specificity. Noninflammatory bowel fibrosis corresponds to abnormal uptake on delayed phase Gd‐3DGRE images but without associated elevated abnormal signal on SPAIR‐SSH. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2008;28:1133–1140. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
High‐resolution 7T MRI of the human hippocampus in vivo
Authors: Thomas Bradley P. , Welch E. Brian , Niederhauser Blake D. , Whetsell William O. , Anderson Adam W. , Gore John C. , Avison Malcolm J. , Creasy Jeffrey L. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractPurposeTo describe an initial experience imaging the human hippocampus in vivo using a 7T magnetic resonance (MR) scanner and a protocol developed for very high field neuroimaging.Materials and MethodsSix normal subjects were scanned on a 7T whole body MR scanner equipped with a 16‐channel head coil. Sequences included a full field of view T1‐weighted 3D turbo field echo (T1W 3D TFE: time of acquisition (TA) = 08:58), T2*‐weighted 2D fast field echo (T2*W 2D FFE: TA = 05:20), and susceptibility‐weighted imaging (SWI: TA = 04:20). SWI data were postprocessed using a minimum intensity projection (minIP) algorithm. Total imaging time was 23 minutes.ResultsT1W 3D TFE images with 700 μm isotropic voxels provided excellent anatomic depiction of macroscopic hippocampal structures. T2*W 2D FFE images with 0.5 mm in‐plane resolution and 2.5 mm slice thickness provided clear discrimination of the Cornu Ammonis and the compilation of adjacent sublayers of the hippocampus. SWI images (0.5 mm in‐plane resolution, 1.0 mm slice thickness) delineated microvenous anatomy of the hippocampus.ConclusionIn vivo 7T MR imaging can take advantage of higher signal‐to‐noise and novel contrast mechanisms to provide increased conspicuity of hippocampal anatomy. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2008;28:1266–1272. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of Gd‐DTPA‐BMA on choline signals of HT29 tumors detected by in vivo 1H MRS
Authors: Madhu Basetti , Robinson Simon P. , Howe Franklyn A. , Griffiths John R. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractPurposeTo study the impact of Gd‐DTPA‐BMA on choline signals of HT29 colon carcinomas determined by localized 1H MRS in vivo at 4.7T.Materials and MethodsPRESS 1H MR spectra (2‐second repetition time and echo times of 20–272 msec) were acquired from HT29 xenografts prior to and following intravenous administration of 0.1 or 0.2 mmol/kg Gd‐DTPA‐BMA. The magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) data were analyzed by 1) normalizing choline and water peak areas to their precontrast values; and 2) estimating absolute choline concentration relative to tissue water.ResultsChanges in the T1 and T2 of choline and water were apparent following administration of Gd‐DTPA‐BMA. Administration of 0.1 mmol/kg Gd‐DTPA‐BMA induced significant increases in the choline peak area, concomitant with enhancements of the water peak area, whereas 0.2 mmol/kg Gd‐DTPA‐BMA induced no enhancement of choline peak area but significant increases in water peak area at short echo times.ConclusionThe effect of Gd‐DTPA‐BMA on estimation of tumor choline concentration varied with the dose of contrast agent, the echo time, and the time after contrast agent administration. These data highlight the potential pitfalls associated with the modulation of choline and water signals post‐Gd‐DTPA‐BMA and may account for the apparently contradictory results previously reported. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2008;28:1201–1208. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ex vivo diffusion tensor imaging and quantitative tractography of the rat spinal cord during long‐term recovery from moderate spinal contusion
Authors: Ellingson Benjamin M. , Kurpad Shekar N. , Schmit Brian D. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractPurposeTo characterize DTI metric changes throughout the length of the entire spinal cord from the acute through chronic stages of spinal cord injury (SCI).Materials and MethodsEx vivo DTI was performed at 9.4 Tesla to examine changes in water diffusion throughout the entire spinal cord (7‐cm) up to 25 weeks after injury in a rat model of contusive SCI. Animals were grouped according to recovery times after injury (2, 5, 15, 20, or 25 weeks), and various DTI metrics were evaluated including transverse and longitudinal apparent diffusion coefficient (tADC and lADC), mean diffusivity (MD), and fractional anisotropy (FA).ResultsAn overall decrease in lADC throughout the cord and decreases in MD remote from the lesion site were observed, along with an increase in tADC within fiber tracts throughout the recovery period. These trends were statistically significant atP< 0.05 and were found in both white and gray matter regions. tADC and lADC distributions in fiber bundles extracted using DTI tractography were well fit by an exponential model (R = 0.998) with time constants of 4.6 and 3.3 days, respectively.ConclusionResults from the current study support the hypothesis that the spinal cord undergoes continual changes during recovery from SCI. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2008;28:1068–1079. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Limitations of dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI in monitoring radiation‐induced changes in the fraction of radiobiologically hypoxic cells in human melanoma xenografts
Authors: Benjaminsen Ilana C. , Melås Elin A. , Mathiesen Berit S. , Rofstad Einar K. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the potential of gadopentetate dimeglumine (Gd‐DTPA)‐based dynamic contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE‐MRI) in detecting radiation‐induced changes in the fraction of radiobiologically hypoxic cells in A‐07 human melanoma xenografts.Materials and MethodsA‐07 tumors were randomly assigned to an unirradiated control group or a group given a single radiation dose of 20 Gy. DCE‐MRI and measurement of fraction of hypoxic cells were performed immediately before and 24 h after the radiation exposure. Tumor images of E · F (E is the initial extraction fraction of Gd‐DTPA and F is blood perfusion) and λ (λ is proportional to extracellular volume fraction) were produced by subjecting DCE‐MRI series to Kety analysis. Fraction of hypoxic cells was measured by using a radiobiological assay based on the paired survival curve method.ResultsFraction of radiobiologically hypoxic cells was higher in irradiated tumors (26.2 ± 5.8%) than in unirradiated tumors (7.5 ± 2.7%) by a factor of 3.5 ± 1.5 (P = 0.0093), whereas only minor radiation‐induced changes in E · F and λ could be detected.ConclusionDCE‐MRI does not seem to offer insight into the changes in fraction of radiobiologically hypoxic cells occurring in A‐07 tumors within 24 h after irradiation with 20 Gy. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2008;28:1209–1218. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Alkali‐hydroxide‐doped matrices for structural characterization of neutral underivatized oligosaccharides by MALDI time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry
Authors: Tzeng Yan‐Kai , Zhu Zhiqiang , Chang Huan‐Cheng 
Published: October 2008

AbstractWe report new approaches using alkali‐hydroxide‐doped matrices to facilitate structural characterization of neutral underivatized oligosaccharides by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) time‐of‐flight (TOF) MS. The approaches involved pretreatment of the analytes with NaOH or LiOH in aqueous solution, followed by mixing them with MALDI matrices prior to MS analysis. It was found that for open‐ended neutral underivatized oligosaccharides partial alkaline degradation occurred upon laser desorption and ionization of the hydroxide‐pretreated analytes in 2,5‐dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHBA). The effect intensified when nonacidic compounds such as 2,4,6‐trihydroxyacetophenone (THAP) and 5‐amino‐2‐mercapto‐1,3,4‐thiadiazole (AMT) were used as matrix. The degradation allowed facile identification of the reducing end residue of the analyte and facilitated its structural characterization by postsource decay TOF‐MS. Applying the same technique using matrices composed of LiOH and THAP or AMT led to the production of singly as well as multiple lithiated ions of oligosaccharides containing hexoses with free 3‐OH groups. Extensive lithiation through multiple hydrogen‐lithium exchanges up to 6 Li atoms was observed for maltoheptaose, β‐cyclodextrin, and dextran 1500. Such a ‘lithium tagging’ technique makes it possible to differentiate positional isomers of milk‐neutral oligosaccharides, lacto‐N‐difucohexaose I and II (LNDFH‐I and LNDFH‐II), without the need of chemical derivatization or tandem MS analysis. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Solid‐phase extraction of ursolic acid from herb using β‐cyclodextrin‐based molecularly imprinted microspheres
Authors: Liu Hanmao , Liu Chunhai , Yang Xiaojing , Zeng Songjun , Xiong Yuanqin , Xu Weijian 
Published: October 2008

AbstractA new method was employed to solid‐phase extract ursolic acid from Ilex kudingcha C. J. Tseng using molecularly imprinted microspheres (MIMs) as the sorbent. Using a surface molecular imprinting technique, MIMs for ursolic acid were prepared with bonded β‐CD and acrylamide in combination based on functionalized poly(glycidyl methacrylate) microspheres (F‐PGMA). Compared with non‐MIMs (NIMs), MIMs showed high adsorption capacity, significant selectivity, and good site accessibility for ursolic acid. The maximum static adsorption capacities of the MIMs and NIMs for ursolic acid were 42.5 and 4.9 μmol/g, respectively. Chromatographic analysis shows that ursolic acid and oleanolic acid could be separated well when MIMs were used as the stationary phase of HPLC. The conditions of molecularly imprinted SPE (MISPE) of ursolic acid from the herb extract were optimized using different concentrations of ethanol solutions as loading, washing, and eluting solutions. The successful extraction of ursolic acid by MIMs provided a possible innovative approach to separate ursolic acid from herb.
An ethical judgment framework for corporate political actions
Authors: Gao Yongqiang 
Published: October 2008

Abstract
Despite the popularity of businesses' involvement in politics, little discussion has been conducted on the ethics of corporate political actions (CPAs) in the business, corporate social responsibility, business ethics and ‘business and society’ literatures. The sporadic studies on ethics of CPA mainly focus on one or two aspects of the CPA in judging its ethics, such as its goal or means or consequences, very little has been done in a systematic way to analyse and articulate ethical standards for those corporations and industries who proactively seek to influence government officials. This study attempts to make up this gap. By applying three basic ethical principles including Utilitarian theory, theory of rights and theory of justice into the CPAs, I propose an ethical judgment framework for CPAs. The ethical judgment framework focuses on and judged by four issues/attributes of a CPA, including the goals/purposes of the CPA, the means taken to achieve the goals, the consequences resulted from the CPA, and the process of the CPA. The ‘means’ and ‘consequences’ are the core criteria in the framework, but ‘goals’ and ‘process’ also contribute to the ethical judgment of a CPA.
Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The political advantage of a volatile market: the relationship between Presidential popularity and the ‘investor fear gauge’
Authors: Schwartz Joe , Hoover Scott , Schwartz Adam 
Published: October 2008

Abstract
The Chicago Board Options Exchange's (CBOE) Volatility Index (VIX) is the premier established benchmark of near‐term market volatility. It is also referred to as the ‘investor fear gauge’ because it provides a consistent measure of market turmoil. We examine the VIX as it relates to Presidential popularity as indicated by the Gallup Organization's ongoing poll of US Presidential approval ratings. Our analysis indicates that the expected volatility of the market is highly related to Presidential approval. We then examine the strength and implications of this relationship in order to further establish the link between the economy and Presidential approval.
Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Public affairs enters the US President's subcabinet: creating the first assistant secretary for public affairs (1944 –1953) and subsequent developments
Authors: Lee Mordecai 
Published: October 2008

Abstract
A majority of US cabinet departments now have an assistant secretary for public affairs. As a subcabinet office, such appointments are presidential nominations and require Senate confirmation. Given Congress's general hostility to public affairs in the US executive branch, how did such a position first come into being, thereby creating the precedent and a template for other departments? This historical inquiry identifies the US State Department as the first with an assistant secretary for public affairs. However, the office only gradually emerged as a staff position, with Congress never having an opportunity to vote on the principle of creating such a subcabinet office. Once established, other cabinet departments gradually followed suit, to the point that such positions are now routine in Washington, DC.
Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Maintenance therapy with dose‐adjusted 6‐mercaptopurine in idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis
Authors: Luo Xue‐Qun , Ke Zhi‐Yong , Huang Li‐Bin , Guan Xiao‐Qing , Zhang Xiao‐Li , Zhu Jia , Zhang Ying‐Chuang 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThere are challenges for diagnosis and treatment of idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis (IPH). This clinical trial was to review the diagnosis and evaluate the efficacy of maintenance therapy with dose‐adjusted 6‐mercaptopurine (6MP) in IPH children. Fifteen children were enrolled. Prednisone was administered at 2 mg/kg/day for 4 weeks in acute phase of the disease followed by taper. 6MP was also started at 60 mg/m2/day simultaneously and continued for 3 years in outpatient. The delay in diagnosis of IPH is common and probably due to a lack of classical triad of IPH in most children. All the patients exhibited response to the initial treatment. Only one of eight patients with relative leukopenia on 6MP maintenance recurred while 5 of 7 others recurred (P < 0.05) during median 4.5‐year follow‐up. Of the latter five patients who recurred, 4 remained recurrence‐free after adjusting the dose of 6MP upwards to keep relative leucopenia. It suggests that children with IPH could achieve steroid‐free long term remission on 6MP maintenance therapy, and relative lekopenia on 6MP might be a simple maker of predicting clinical response in most IPH children. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2008; 43:1067–1071. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nasal nitric oxide in infants before and after extubation
Authors: Chang Chun‐Cheng , Lien Shao‐Hung , Liu Tao‐Yuan , Hua Yi‐Ming , Lee Chuen‐Ming , Yuh Yeong‐Seng 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe endogenous production of nitric oxide (NO) in the upper airways is known to be high, but reports of the exact level vary, especially in newborn infants. Currently there is still no standard methodology for nasal NO measurements in neonates. In this study, we compared the levels of NO from the nasal cavity, and from the lower respiratory tracts in intubated infants together with the differences in nasal NO before and after extubation. A total of 35 intubated infants were enrolled in the study. The sampling was conducted with a fast‐response chemoluminescence analyzer using the on‐line tidal breathing techniques. The levels of NO in the nasal cavity were sampled using two different methods, namely nasal catheterization (Group 1), and nasal occlusion (Group 2). In both groups, the NO levels in the nasal cavity were found to be significantly higher than in the lower airway (P < 0.001). After extubation, the concentration of nasal NO in Group 1 was found to be significantly lower than before extubation (P < 0.05). There was no difference found between the levels of nasal NO in Group 2 before and after extubation (P = 0.95). Generally speaking, the concentrations of nasal NO in Group 2 were significantly higher than in Group 1 after extubation (P < 0.05). For the sample that used nasal occlusion, the nasal NO levels were more stable before and after extubation and the concentration was not affected by the breathing pattern or crying. The infants were more comfortable as well. We therefore conclude that nasal occlusion is a better method for measuring the levels of nasal NO in infants and neonates. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2008; 43:1072–1077. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.