bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The interaction effects of gender within the health promotion model
Authors: Ratner Pamela A. , Bottorff Joan L. , Johnson Joy L. , Hayduk Leslie A. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractA male‐female stacked version of Pender's Health Promotion Model (HPM) was used to evaluate whether the causal mechanisms underlying health promotion behaviors are the same for men and women. Indicators of the conceptual variables in the HPM were obtained from the National Survey of Personal Health Practices and Consequences, 1979–1980–a telephone sample survey of 3,025 noninstitutionalized adults. All coefficients to be estimated were initially constrained to be equal for men and women, except for six direct effects originating from marital status. The estimates obtained via the LISREL VI program indicated that the stacked model did not fit the data and that additional gender interactions were required between gender and other concepts within the HPM. Based on model diagnostics and with the relaxation of some equality constraints, a modified stacked model was constructed that fit the data. The explanatory power of the model was poor, calling into question the validity of the HPM. Theorists and researchers of health promotion should not assume that the causal mechanisms underlying health promotion behaviors in men and women are identical, but must forge ahead with an exploration and clarification of possible differences.
Cancer stressors and protective factors: Predictors of stress experienced during treatment for childhood cancer
Authors: Hockenberry‐Eaton Marilyn , Kemp Virginia , Dilorio Colleen 
Published: April 2007

AbstractPerceptions of cancer stressors and protective factors as predictors of stress experienced during treatment for childhood cancer were assessed in this study. Cancer stressors were the type of treatment received during two clinic visits and the child's perception of the cancer experience. Protective factors were self‐perception, coping strategies, perceived social support, and family environment. The child's responses to stressors were assessed by epinephrine, norepinephrine, and cortisol levels of urine, and measures of state anxiety. Forty‐four children between 6 1/2 and 13 1/2 years of age receiving treatment for cancer were evaluated during two clinic visits. Epinephrine was elevated for children during both clinic visits, while norepinephrine and cortisol remained normal. Stepwise multiple regression analyses revealed that the family environment and global self‐worth were the best predictors of epinephrine levels, while social support from friends predicted norepinephrine levels. The family environment and social support from teachers predicted state anxiety.
The effect of psychological stress on neutrophil superoxide release
Authors: Kang Duck‐Hee , McCarthy Donna O. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractStress has long been suggested to exacerbate symptom expression in people with chronic inflammatory disorders. The release of oxidative metabolites from activated PMN plays a significant role in the pathophysiology of inflammation. Thus, we examined the effects of psychological stress on release of superoxide anions from PMN of rats with or without an inflammation induced by injection of shellfish glycogen (SFG). Psychological stress was found to significantly increase PMN superoxide release in both healthy and SFG‐injected animals. Total amounts of superoxide release were similar between the two groups, suggesting that PMN from animals with a mild inflammatory condition were not more susceptible to the effects of stress than PMN from healthy animals. However, this study should be repeated using an animal model of chronic inflammation, such as airway hyperactivity or rheumatoid arthritis.
The relation of cortisol reactivity and anxiety to perinatal outcome in primiparous adolescents
Authors: McCool William F. , Dorn Lorah D. , Susman Elizabeth J. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe relation of cortisol reactivity and self‐report anxiety to perinatal outcomes was examined in a sample of 38 primiparous adolescents. Maternal cortisol and anxiety levels obtained in the first half of pregnancy and in mid‐third trimester were found to be related to the gestational age of newborns, with higher levels of cortisol and/or anxiety predicting greater chance of pre‐ or postmature birth. However, when measured over time, a greater increase in cortisol levels was more predictive of positive perinatal outcomes, such as no meconium in labor. These findings suggest that certain levels of maternal reactivity/anxiety are necessary for positive perinatal outcomes.
Care‐seeking behavior with breast cancer symptoms in caucasian and african‐american women
Authors: Lauver Diane 
Published: April 2007

AbstractBased on a theory of care seeking, the influences of psychosocial variables (anxiety, utility beliefs, norm, and habit) and facilitators (e.g., an identified practitioner) on care‐seeking behavior with a breast cancer symptom were examined. Also, the influences of variables not identified by the theory (e.g., optimism and race) on care‐seeking behavior were examined. Participants were Caucasian (n = 64) and African‐American women (n = 71) with breast symptoms. Care seeking was measured by the days between symptom detection and contact with the health system. Habit was associated with promptness, utility beliefs were associated with delay, and anxiety interacted with having an identified practitioner to explain care seeking. Optimism and having a friend with a breast symptom also were associated with promptness. Race had neither direct nor interactive effects on care seeking.
The relationship of emotional and tangible support to psychological well‐being among older women with heart failure
Authors: Friedman Maureen M. , King Kathleen B. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between social support, symptom severity, and psychological well‐being in older women with heart failure. In‐home interviews were conducted with 80 older women following a hospital admission for heart failure. Subjects were asked their perceptions of emotional and tangible support received, symptom severity, and psychological well‐being. Greater emotional support was related to greater positive affect and satisfaction with life. Greater tangible support was related to less negative affect. Neither emotional nor tangible support buffered symptom severity. The results indicate that emotional and tangible support may each affect different aspects of psychological well‐being in older women with heart failure.
Predictive validity of the braden scale for pressure sore risk in a nursing home population
Authors: Braden Barbara J. , Bergstrom Nancy 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe predictive validity of the Braden Scale and the timing of assessment for optimal prediction of pressure sore development (PS) were studied in a nursing home population. Subjects (N = 102) over age 19, free of PS and admitted within the previous 72 hr, were randomly selected from consecutive admissions to a skilled nursing facility. Subjects were assessed for risk and skin condition every 48 to 72 hr for 4 weeks. Twenty‐eight subjects (27.5%) developed a PS. A cut score of 18 used at the observation prior to the first recorded PS maximized prediction, producing a sensitivity of 79%, a specificity of 74%, a 54% predictive value of a positive test, 90% predictive value of a negative test, and 75% correct classification rate.
Light, social zeitgebers, and the sleep–wake cycle in the entrainment of human circadian rhythms
Authors: Elmore Shawn K. , Betrus Patricia A. , Burr Robert 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe availability of sufficient zeitgebers is essential for entrainment of circadian rhythms. Bright light is an important human zeitgeber. However, social cues acting through the sleep–wake cycle may also be important in the entrainment of human rhythms. Current research suggests that humans receive inadequate and sporadic exposure to bright light. Social cues, although less powerful, may be an important form of entrainment for contemporary humans, and also serve to augment the effects of available bright light. Both light and social zeitgebers should be investigated for their roles in the genesis, prevention, and treatment of alterations in health.
The PREP system of nursing interventions: A pilot test with families caring for older members
Authors: Archbold Patricia G. , Stewart Barbara J. , Miller Lois L. , Harvath Theresa A. , Greenlick Merwyn R. , van Buren Linda , Kirschling Jane M. , Valanis Barbara G. , Brody Kathleen K. , Schook Janet E. , Hagan Jane M. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe PREP system of nursing interventions, designed to increase preparedness (PR), enrichment (E), and predictability (P) in families providing care to older people, was pilot tested for acceptability and preliminary effectiveness. Eleven family units were assigned to the PREP group and 11 to a standard home health control group. The PREP group scored approximately one SD higher than the control group (p <.05) on the Care Effectiveness Scale, indicating greater preparedness, enrichment, and predictability. Further, on a rating of overall usefulness, the PREP group rated their assistance from PREP nurses (M = 9.75) as significantly higher (p <.01) than the control group rated assistance from the home health nurse or physical therapist (M = 6.57). Although not statistically significant, mean hospital costs for the PREP group ($2,775) were lower than for the control group ($6,929). Results provided support for a full intervention trial. ©1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Longitudinal effects of unimodal and multimodal stimulation on development and interaction of healthy infants
Authors: Koniak‐Griffin Deborah , Ludington‐Hoe Susan , Verzemnieks Inese 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe effects of unimodal and multimodal stimulation on mental, psychomotor, and behavioral development of healthy full‐term infants were examined longitudinally. Subjects were randomly assigned to a control group or one of three experimental conditions: daily administration of a stroking procedure, placement on a multisensory hammock during sleep periods, or a combination of the two treatments. Interventions were conducted during the first 3 months of life. Data are presented on 49 infants who were available for 24‐month follow up. The experimental conditions did not significantly affect scores on the Bayley Scales of Infant Development. Eyberg's Child Behavior Inventory, the Nursing Child Assessment Teaching Scales, or the HOME. These findings suggest that supplementary stimulation provided no benefits beyond those associated with natural caregiving and raise questions about the value of the interventions with nonrisk infants in middle‐class families. Additional studies need to be conducted with larger samples of healthy infants to test sensory stimulation protocols before they are advocated for widespread consumer use. ©1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
The stages of the prediagnostic period in chronic, life‐threatening childhood illness: A process analysis
Authors: Cohen Marsha H. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThis is one of a series of articles explicating a theory of family behavior under conditions of sustained uncertainty brought about by the diagnosis of a chronic, life‐threatening illness of a child. The procedures of the grounded theory method were used to collect and analyze data. The analysis illuminated a perceptual–interpretive–behavioral process that made visible the emergence and intensification of the uncertain state during the prediagnostic period. This process, which may consist of up to three stages, most frequently began with the parents' initial awareness of the child's illness cues and terminated with the diagnostic announcement. The stages were categorized as Lay Explanatory (I), Legitimating (II), and Medical Diagnostic (III). The duration of stage III was found to be a significant factor in explaining the variation in parental response to the diagnosis. ©1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Ergonomic analysis of working posture in nursing personnel: Example of modified ovako working analysis system application
Authors: Lee Yung‐Hui , Chiou Wen‐Ko 
Published: April 2007

AbstractA postural analysis system was developed using a biomechanical approach to identify low back pain related working postures of nursing personnel. The Ovako Working Analysis System (OWAS) was modified for doing postural recording. Chaffin's biomechanical model was used to calculate the associated work stress on the I5/S1. The system was applied to examine the working postures of 64 nurses of 16 departments. The frequency distribution of the trunk showed 15.9% of the 8,629 observed postures were bending more than 15 degrees. Based on the calculated stress, 17.0% of the observed postures generated forces higher than the recommended action limit of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). In addition to patient transfers, potentially health hazardous postures were identified in nursing tasks of inspection, nursing techniques, instrumentation, physical examination, taking inventory, and documentation. ©1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Data aggregation: Criteria for psychometric evaluation
Authors: Verran Joyce A , Gerber Rose M. , Milton Doris A. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractCriteria for the examination of data collected at the individual level and aggregated to the group are proposed. These four empirical criteria relate to content validity, representativeness, reliability, and validity of the aggregated scores as indicators of group phenomena. An example of the use of the criteria is provided using data from a large research project on the implementation of a professional practice model on nine nursing units. The use of the criteria proposed provide a systematic approach to the evaluation of individual data for use at the group level.
Identification and referral of hospitalized patients in need of home care
Authors: Prescott Patricia A. , Soeken Karen L. , Griggs Marcella 
Published: April 2007

AbstractGiven current concerns about the cost‐effectiveness of home health care, better targeting of home health services for high risk groups is viewed as one way to provide controls on both service delivery and costs. The purpose of this exploratory study was to determine the degree to which patients with identifiable levels of need for services were referred for home health care and if selected clinical and functional status measures are useful in distinguishing need for service. Using a convenience sample of 145 patients ready for hospital discharge, data were collected on physical function, dependency at discharge, perceived helpfulness of others, social support, readiness for self‐care, and planned adherence to treatment as well as demographic and medical variables. Using a combination of study variables, 93% of patients not in need of services could be correctly classified. In addition, patients in need of service but not referred by their physicians were found to differ significantly from patients not in need of care on all dimensions. Suggestions are offered for further research to determine if and what systematic factors influence referral decisions for home health care and which specific patient characteristics are associated with the most cost‐effective long‐term outcomes. ©1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Preventing unplanned pregnancies among married couples: Are services for only the wife sufficient?
Authors: Zotti Marianne E. , Siegel Earl 
Published: April 2007

AbstractUnplanned pregnancies among married couples in the United States remains an important problem today. The effects of predisposing factors (conceptualized according to the Luker theory of contraceptive risk taking) on use of effective contraceptive methods and on the occurrence of an unplanned pregnancy were examined among a sample of 150 white married couples who did not desire a(nother) child within 2 years. The effects of husbands' predisposing factors on both dependent variables were highly significant, either directly or through interaction with their wives. The findings demonstrate the need for continued research on wife and husband effects on reproductive behaviors and outcomes. ©1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Behavioral symptoms in dementia: An update
Authors: Taft Lois B. , Cronin‐Stubbs Diane 
Published: April 2007

AbstractA descriptive literature review was done to identify research conducted in both community and institutional settings and published from 1986 to 1993 on the correlates of behavioral symptoms associated with dementia. Critical appraisal and synthesis of the 40 studies revealed theoretical and methodological problems that tempered conclusions about the relationships between behavioral symptoms and the correlates under study. While direct relationships were found in studies in which relationships between behavioral symptoms and cognitive impairment and contextual factors were examined, contradictory results were found in studies of demographic and functional variables. Recommendations for research‐based practice are advanced, including the development and testing of alternatives to physical and chemical restraints in the care of persons with dementia. ©1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
The relationships among social support and short‐ and long‐term recovery outcomes in men with coronary heart disease
Authors: Yates Bernice C. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractTo determine the extent to which social support from the spouse and a health care provider (HCP) is associated with short‐ and long‐term recovery outcomes in individuals after a cardiac illness, 93 patients were interviewed 2 months (short‐term) after their event; 73 (78%) subjects responded to a follow‐up questionnaire 1 year later (long‐term). Tangible aid from the spouse was associated with better short‐term psychological recovery. Satisfaction with and more emotional support from the spouse were associated with better short‐ and long‐term psychological recovery outcomes. Greater satisfaction with HCP support was associated with patients' short‐ and long‐term physical recoveries. These results highlight the value of different sources and types of support as having differential effects on physical and psychological recovery outcomes. ©1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Effects of the situational context and interactional process on the quality of family caregiving
Authors: Phillips Linda R. , Morrison Eileen , Steffl Bea , Chae Young Mi , Cromwell Sandra L. , Russell Cynthia K. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractA staged theoretical model designed to explain the quality of elder caring by family members was tested. The model posits how the situational context, interactional process, and caregiving burden perceived by the caregiver affect the quality of elder caring. The purpose was to determine the amount of variance explained by the interactional process beyond that explained by the situational context and caregiving burden. Data were collected from 209 elder‐caregiver dyads using interviews, observations, and caregiver self‐reports. The strongest predictors of caregiving burden were the caregiver's stressful negative life events (situational context) and discrepancy between past and present image of elder (interactional process). The strongest predictors of quality of elder caring were the caregiver's perception of subjective burden and a monitoring role definition on the part of the caregiver (interactional process). ©1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Reversal theory constructs and cigarette availability predict lapse early in smoking cessation
Authors: Cook Mary R. , Gerkovich Mary M. , O'Connell Kathleen A. , Potocky Miriam 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the contribution of reversal theory constructs (i.e., metamotivational states) to understanding the outcome of tempting situations thatoccur in the first 6 weeks of smoking cessation. Cessation program participants (N = 68) were interviewed about tempting situations in which they either smoked or maintained abstinence. Both independent groups and repeated measures analyses indicated that metamotivational state (serious and goal‐directed vs. playful and spontaneous) and cigarette availability significantly predicted outcome. Reversal theory constructs correctly predicted outcome of the tempting episode for 70% of the subjects, while cigarette availability was an accurate predictor for 74%. Metamotivational state and cigarette availability together predicted the outcome for 89% of the subjects. ©1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
The meaning of survival: The early aftermath of a near‐death experience
Authors: Orne Roberta M. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractAn estimated 9 million adults in this country may have had a near‐death experience (NDE), yet little research has been focused on the early aftermath of this extraordinary phenomenon. The purpose of this interpretive study was to appropriate and make visible how patients who had an NDE during a cardiac or respiratory arrest understood and experienced this early period of survival. Gadamerian hermeneutics (1975/1990) informed and guided the study. This interpretation demonstrates that NDEs and their early aftermath can be the positive, life‐enhancing experiences that the common lore and most research tend to depict, yet they can also be unpleasant and distressing experiences fraught with emotional pain and angst. ©1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Validation of the revised UCLA loneliness scale for adolescents
Authors: Mahon Noreen E. , Yarcheski Thomas J. , Yarcheski Adela 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe purposes of this study were to determine the dimensionality of the revised UCLA Loneliness Scale for adolescents through factor‐analytic techniques, and to provide construct validity for the instrument by testing four theoretically derived hypotheses in 333 adolescents, ages 12 to 21. Using a prior criteria, a two‐factor structure, resulting from a principal components analysis with an orthogonal rotation, best represented the dimensionality of the instrument for adolescents. The two factors demonstrated acceptable coefficient alpha reliabilities. Evidence of construct validity for the total scale was provided by three statistically significant correlations found be264tween the scale and the theoretically relevant variables of future time perspective, close friend solidarity, and dependency. Contrary to expectation, slow tempo was not appreciably related to loneliness. The results support the use of the revised UCLA Loneliness Scale in future research concerning loneliness in adolescents. ©1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Service use by elders with heart disease
Authors: Wallace Debra C. , Lockhart Jan G. , Boyle Diane K. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe study purpose was to determine the impact of demographic, social, environmental, and health indicators on utilization of health services among elders with heart disease. Existing data from a regional Area Agency on Aging were used and the sample (N = 1,167) included vulnerable groups, men, blacks, low income, and rural residents. Services most frequently used were case management, congregate meal, home delivered meal, outreach, and recreation. Multiple linear and logistic regression indicated that race, marital status, living arrangements, payment source, residence, transportation capability, health conditions, sensory impairment, and function were predictors of service use. ©1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.