bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SOME OBSERVATIONS ON A SENSITIVE BIOASSAY FOR THYROTROPHIN. APPLICATION TO NORMAL, HYPER- AND HYPOTHYROID HUMAN SERUM
Authors: Desbarats-Schönbaum M. L. , Sellers E. A. , Belzile A. , Schönbaum E. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A four-point in vitro bioassay for human serum thyrotrophin (TSH) has been described by Kirkham (1962). In this assay, thyroid tissue of PTU-treated guinea pigs is incubated with 131I-iodide. »Release« of 131I after addition of KCNS is measured. This »release« is inversely proportional to the logarithm of the TSH activity in the incubation medium. We have found that erratic responses occasionally occurring in this assay are due to »non-specific« stimulation. The »non-specific« material affecting 131I release is removed from human serum and other preparations by filtration through »Sephadex G-25 medium«
Rabbit anti-bovine TSH abolishes the bioassay response to bovine TSH and to human serum TSH.
The system does not respond to LATS levels which give a very high response in the McKenzie assay.
It is suggested that the amount of 131I bound in the incubated tissue is directly related to the TSH concentration and that therefore the remainder of the trapped 131I which is free to diffuse out gives an inverse measure of the TSH concentration.
SEPARATION AND QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF 131I-TRIIODOTHYRONINE AND 131I-THYROXINE IN HUMAN PLASMA BY THIN LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY
Authors: Favino Angelo , Emrich Dieter , von zur Mühlen Alexander 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A method is described for the quantitative determination of 131I-triiodothyronine and 131I-tetraiodothyronine in human plasma after oral administration of 131I-iodide.
Steps in the method are: acidified n-butanol extraction of the thyroid hormones from the plasma deprived of inorganic iodine by means of an ion exchange resin; addition of stable iodo-aminoacid carriers to the butanol extract and its evaporation to dryness under reduced pressure; bidimensional thin layer chromatography of the rediluted extract on cellulose in combined organic alkaline and organic acid systems; staining of the carriers with eerie sulphate-sodium arsenite reagent and diluted methylene blue; radioactivity measurements of the cellulose scraped from the stained spots in a well type scintillation counter.
The reliability of the method was established by recovery experiments and by duplicate chromatography of plasma to which mixtures of 131I-T3 and 131I-T4 and 131I-iodide were added. Its specificity was confirmed by autoradiography. Good agreement was found with the results yielded by simultaneous paper chromatography of the same extracts. The method requires smaller amounts of plasma and allows quicker determinations than paper chromatographic procedures. Relative determinations of 131I-T3 and 131I-T4 are reported in some euthyroid and hyperthyroid patients given therapeutic and diagnostic doses of 131I-iodide.
THE INSULIN-LIKE ACTION OF PEPSIN AND PEPSINOGEN
Authors: Rieser Peter 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Alkali-denatured pepsin and pepsinogen, at concentrations corresponding to 0.5 units of insulin per milliliter, act like insulin in the intact rat diaphragm. They stimulate the cellular uptake of 3-0-methyl glucose and promote the synthesis of glycogen from glucose. The insulin-like action of digestive enzzymes is considered to be a consequence of their evolutionary descent from a protein precursor in common with that of insulin. The nature of the cellular response to insulin and insulin-like enzymes may depend on the degree to which these molecules are able to complement a membrane-sited receptor to form an active enzyme.
THE POLYCYSTIC OVARY. VII.
Authors: Goldzieher Joseph W. , Fariss Bruce , Boyd Frankie G. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The clinical course of a patient with polycystic ovarian disease was characterized by recurrent endometrial hyperplasia and bleeding which eventually required panhysterectomy. Urinary oestrogens did not fall after castration and secretion rate studies showed oestrone production averaging 16–18 μg/d on one occasion and oestradiol production averaging 72 μg/day during another 4-day interval. There was a marked discrepancy between secretion rate and routine urinary oestrogen measurements. Peripheral aromatization of testosterone was 0.6% and of androstenedione less than 1.2%. An oestradiol production of 72 μg/day is not likely to have been derived exclusively from peripheral aromatization of these androgens, suggesting that direct adrenal secretion of oestrogen may play a role in some cases of polycystic ovarian disease.
EXPERIENCES IN TREATING EXCESSIVE HEIGHT IN GIRLS WITH CYCLIC OESTRADIOL VALERATE.
Authors: Whitelaw M. James 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Nineteen prepubertal girls ages 8–10 were treated cyclically with oestradiol valerate. They showed a marked generalized anabolic effect. Their linear average growth was 10.8 cm and their average weight gain was 8.73 kg. The bone age advanced a maximum of 44 months in the youngest patient. The average advance at the end of one year was 34 months. There was a marked increase in the size of the breasts.
In the 11 year group of 8 girls after one year of therapy, their height increment was 7.3 cm.
In the pubertal girls, ages 12–16, their growth only averaged 3.4 cm, the average bone age advance was 27.5 months. A total of 27 girls have now reached their full stature.
The best resuls are therefore obtained in preventing excessive height if therapy is initiated between the ages of 8 and 10. The saving becomes progressively less as one approaches a bone age of 15 when it is nil.
The chronic administration of oral oestrogens may cause serious side effects and therefore is to be avoided.
STEROID HORMONE FORMATION BY THE RAT OVARY.
Authors: Rice Bernard F. , Segaloff Albert 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Ovaries were transplanted to the spleens of spayed female rats. After 18 months, ovarian neoplasms had developed. Slices of two different ovarian tumours were incubated with 100 μc acetate-1-14C. Radioactive steroid hormone formation was assessed quantitatively by the reverse isotope dilution technique. Tissue from one ovarian neoplasm, considered to be a luteoma, formed radioactive progesterone and 20α-hydroxy-pregn-4-en-3-one. The formation of 3β-hydroxy-pregn-5-en-20-one, androst-4-ene-3,17-dione, testosterone, 3β-hydroxy-androst-5-en-17-one, 17-hydroxy-pregn-4-ene-3,20-dione, oestrone and 17β-oestradiol could not be established. No radioactive steroid hormone synthesis could be detected using granulosa cell tumour tissue.
ENDEMIC GOITRE IN PEDREGOSO (Chile)
Authors: Beckers C. , Barzelatto J. , Stevenson C. , Gianetti A. , Pardo A. , Bobadilla E. , De Visscher M. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Iodine kinetic studies have been performed in 61 Indians from the Pedregoso goitre endemic in Chile. The daily absolute iodine uptake in the thyroid averaged 98 μg I, with maximal values in the cases of diffuse goitre. The mean thyroxine degradation rate in the same group of patients corresponded to 102 μg I per day, when using the mean thyroxine distribution space and thyroxine (T4) fractional turnover rate obtained from a comparable group of the same population. The output of iodine from the thyroid was calculated by 3 different methods. In each case, the iodine output appears to be higher than the amount of halogen accumulated by the thyroid or metabolized by the tissues.
These findings suggest an important spillage of iodine (as iodide and/or iodinated tyrosines) by the goitrous gland. Such a disturbance apart from nutritional iodine deficiency may be an important factor in the pathogenesis of endemic goiter.
STIMULATION OF ADRENOCORTICOIDOGENESIS BY PRECORTICOTROPHIN AFTER ACTIVATION
Authors: Dasgupta P. R. , Hirai Masanao , Dorfman R. I. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Precorticotrophin (precursor of corticotrophin) after acid treatment, enhanced the rate of steroid biosynthesis in the adrenal cortex of hypophysectomized rats. The corticosterone content of both adrenal tissue and the adrenal vein blood were unchanged when the rats were treated with a pig pituitary precorticotrophin preparation. However, after the precorticotrophin preparation was activated by acid treatment, a significantly higher content of corticosterone was found both in the adrenal tissue and in the adrenal venous plasma.
ACTIVITY OF VARIOUS STEROIDS IN INHIBITING SEXUAL DEVELOPMENT IN RATS WHEN INJECTED AT THE AGE OF 5 DAYS
Authors: Kind Fred A. , Dorfman Ralph I. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Various ring A phenolic steroids and C-19 neutral compounds injected into 5 day old rats were studied as inhibitors of sexual development. At the age of 45 days oestrogens were active in both sexes while androgens were less active. The activity of oestrogens in this test did not correlate with their oestrogenic potency as measured in the uterotrophic test. Some doses caused precocious vaginal introitus but not inhibition of luteinization.
OESTROGEN ANTAGONISMS: TEMPORAL SEQUENCE OF STEROID BLOCK OF OESTRONE-INDUCED CHANGES IN VAGINAL SMEARS OF MICE
Authors: Edgren Richard A. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Oestrone, at a total dose of 2 μg was administered over 4 days to spayed female mice, and vaginal smears were examined twice daily for the next 6–8 days. The proportion of mice showing a positive vaginal response rises through day 2 and 3 to a plateau on days 4 and 5. Putative oestrogen antagonists, progesterone, testosterone propionate, deoxycorticosterone acetate or cortisone were given in single mg injections on day 1, 2, 3 or 4. Cortisone had no effect upon the oestrone-induced response and the effect of DCA was seen only on day 6 when it was administered on day 4. Progesterone on day 1 delays the oestrogen effect; on day 2 it inhibits the mid-portion of the time-response curve, producing a bimodal curve; and on day 3 and 4 hastens the return of the mice to the castrate condition. TP which appears to be slower in onset of action than progesterone, does not affect initial phases of the curve, but tends to hasten return to castrate condition. Oestrone alone was given with various of the days deleted from the design. The patterns of the responses did not correspond to those obtained when progesterone or testosterone were administered, implying that these steroids have direct effects and do not simply negate one or more of the oestrone injections.
SERUM PROTEIN-BOUND IODINE AND SERUM THYROXINE DURING PERPHENAZINE THERAPY
Authors: Mølholm Hansen J. , Siersbæk-Nielsen K. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Four out of 19 patients treated with perphenazine who were investigated in 1962, and 5 out of 31 patients who were investigated in 1966 had a raised PBI. The increase was most marked in the patients investigated in 1962. Measurements of dialysable thyroxine revealed that the increase was not due to an increase in thyroxine-binding globulin. All 50 patients had normal serum thyroxine as estimated by Murphy's method. Most probably the increase in PBI was due to the fact that the perphenazine tablets contain an iodine compound, which in some subjects may become bound to the serum proteins.
EFFECT OF POTASSIUM ON ADRENAL ALDOSTERONE PRODUCTION IN RATS
Authors: Sturcz J. , Spät A. , Szöcs G. , Kövér G. , Farkas Á. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The infusion of K at a rate of 17 μEq./min for 2 hours to anaesthetized rats resulted in a significant rise in aldosterone production by incubated rat adrenal slices. This change occurred without any significant alteration in the ECG pattern. Since the same dose of K was ineffective when given to nephrectomized rats, it is assumed that the effect of potassium is mediated through the kidneys.
The infusion of 25 μEq./min for 2 hours increased the rate of adrenal aldosterone secretion even in the nephrectomized animals, indicating an extrarenal site of action of potassium ions. The fact, however, that this latter dose was associated with severe ECG changes suggests that this extrarenal mechanism is not involved in the physiological control of aldosterone secretion.
THE PARATHYROIDS IN CORTICOSTEROID-TREATED MALE RATS
Authors: Hansson C. Göran 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The parathyroid morphology was studied in male rats following the administration of cortisone (1, 3 and 9 mg/day) and DOCA (0.5, 1.5 and 4.5 mg/day). The parathyroid volume and mitotic rate decreased after cortisone treatment, the findings being suggestive of an inhibition of parathyroid function. In the parathyroids of the DOCA-treated rats, there was an increased mitotic rate and an increased number of cells in DNA-synthesis as determined by an autoradiographic study after the administration of tritiated thymidine, indicating an increased activity of the glands. The serum potassium and the renal concentrating capacity, measured as urine osmolality, were significantly lowered and the urinary volume significantly increased in the DOCA-treated rats but these showed no significant changes in total serum calcium and phosphorus. An explanation of the increased parathyroid activity in the DOCA-treated rats might be that DOCA causes hypokalaemic nephropathy and alkalosis with lowering of the plasma ionized calcium level.
AMINOPEPTIDASE ACTIVITY IN FOETAL RAT PARATHYROIDS AND ITS INHIBITION BY VITAMIN D-INDUCED HYPERCALCAEMIA IN THE MOTHER RAT
Authors: Hansson C. Göran , Svalander Christian 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Previous investigations have suggested that there is a close correlation between the aminopeptidase activity in rat parathyroids and the production and secretion of parathyroid hormone. The present investigation demonstrates that parathyroids of rat foctuses 16, 19 and 22 days old have a high aminopeptidase activity. Vitamin D-induced hypercalcaemia in the mother rat reduces the aminopeptidase activity, parathyroid volume and mitotic rate in the parathyroids of 22 days old rat foetuses. The results of the present investigation support the view that the foetal rat parathyroids function from the 16th day of gestation and that induced hypercalcaemia of the pregnant rat inhibits this function.
THE PLASMA INSULIN RESPONSE TO GLUCOSE INFUSION IN HEALTHY SUBJECTS AND IN DIABETES MELLITUS
Authors: Cerasi Erol , Luft Rolf 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Plasma insulin concentration was measured during a standardized glucose infusion test (GIT) in 85 healthy subjects with a normal glucose tolerance and in 28 patients with manifest diabetes mellitus or decreased glucose tolerance. Each test was evaluated with the aid of an analogue computer model, and parameters characterizing different parts of the insulin curve during GIT were obtained. Large variations existed in all parameter values both in the normal and diabetic groups, and the overlapping between the two groups was considerable.
In 15 out of 85 healthy subjects the plasma insulin response during GIT was of the diabetic type as judged from the frequency distribution of the computer parameters (low values). The similarity was still more striking when the characteristics of the insulin curves in these 15 subjects were compared with those in patients with mild diabetes or with a decreased glucose tolerance only.
It is postulated that this type of low insulin response reflects a derangement of the release of insulin into the circulation, and that it marks an alteration which probably is a prerequisite for the development of diabetes mellitus. In this sense, these subjects may be considered to be potential diabetics.
THE INFLUENCE OF THE PLASMA INORGANIC IODINE CONCENTRATION ON THYROID FUNCTION IN DEHALOGENASE DEFICIENCY
Authors: Harden R. McG. , Alexander W. D. , Papadopoulos S. , Harrison M. T. , Macfarlane S. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Iodine metabolism and thyroid function were studied in a patient with hypothyroidism and goitre due to dehalogenase deficiency. Initially the plasma inorganic iodine (PII) level was within the normal range but circulating levels of hormone were low and the thyroid clearance and absolute uptake of iodine (AIU) by the thyroid were high.
Administration of iodide supplements resulted in a rapid rise in the plasma thyroxine concentration and restoration of the euthyroid state. Thyroid hormone synthesis appeared to proceed normally when the PII exceeded 1.0 μg/100 ml. This was achieved by increasing the intake of iodide by 612 μg per day. At PII levels around 10 μg/100 ml there was evidence of increased levels of circulating thyroid hormone.
EFFECTS OF PROGESTERONE AND PENTOBARBITONE ON HYPOTHALAMIC INDUCTION OF OVULATION IN THE 5-DAY CYCLIC RAT
Authors: Zeilmaker G. H. , Moll J. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The involvement of the central nervous system in the inhibitory effects on ovulation of progesterone and pentobarbitone was studied in 5-day cyclic rats. The occurrence of ovulation following electrochemical stimulation of the median eminence or the preoptic area was the main technique used in this work. The following experiments are reported.
Following pretreatment with 10 mg progesterone on day 3 of the cycle stimulation of the preoptic area on day 4 was almost completely ineffective. However, stimulation of the median eminence was effective in most of these progesterone-treated rats (I).
Following pretreatment with the much lower dose of 0.5 mg progesterone, spontaneous ovulation was still suppressed. However, stimulation of the preoptic area was now capable of inducing ovulations in most animals, but only if ether anaesthesia was used during the stimulation procedure. If combined pentobarbitone-ether anaesthesia was used, most animals did not ovulate (II).
In other experiments stimulation of the median eminence or preoptic area was performed on day 3 (dioestrus) under ether anaesthesia or combined pentobarbitone-ether anaesthesia in normally cycling rats, which did not receive progesterone. Under ether anaesthesia preoptic stimulation induced ovulation in most animals, but under combined pentobarbitone-ether anaesthesia none of the animals ovulated (III).
Stimulation in the median eminence under otherwise identical experimental conditions, induced ovulation without exceptions under ether anaesthesia and in half of the cases operated under combined pentobarbitone-ether anaesthesia (IV).
It is concluded that these findings support the concept that the inhibitory effect of progesterone on ovulation is due to an action on the central nervous system. Furthermore, consideration of the possible mechanisms of action of progesterone and of pentobarbitone in inhibiting ovulation led to two alternative hypotheses: the two substances exert their effect on ovulation at the same site, or, pentobarbitone acts at a level closer to the median eminence.
ETUDE DE L'ACTION DU FACTEUR HYPOTHALAMIQUE LRF (LH-RELEASING FACTOR) CHEZ LE RAT IN VIVO & IN VITRO
Authors: Jutisz Marian , Bérault Annette , Novella Marie-Anne , Ribot Geneviève 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A highly purified ovine LH-releasing factor (LRF) was obtained by a modification of the method previously described. After the fractionation of a crude hypothalamic extract on a Sephadex G-25 column, the LRF fraction was desalted and partially purified by chromatography on a Dowex 50 × 12 column and on an Amberlite CG 4B column. The last step of this method, chromatography on a CMC column, gave a purification of about 1600 times with respect to the crude extract.
The action of this highly purified LRF preparation was studied on rat pituitary glands in vivo and in vitro.
The method used in vivo was the evaluation of the LH-releasing effect of LRF in chronically ovariectomized, steroid-blocked rats (Ramirez & McCann 1963 b). A procedure was developed which allows a 4-fold concentration of the plasma LH from these rats, so that it can be assayed by a 4-point assay method.
In the in vitro method, the pituitary glands of ovariectomized steroidblocked rats (Schally & Bowers 1964 a) were incubated in a Krebs-Ringer buffer with or without LRF, and the LH released into the medium was assayed using the O.A. A.D. method of Parlow. A dose-response curve was established between the log doses of LRF and the amount of LH released. This method can be used as a sensitive and specific assay for LRF.
It was shown that a dose of 1.22 μg of LRF releases approximately 5 μg of LH per mg of pituitary tissue. This is about double of the amount of this hormone originally present in the pituitary glands of these rats (2.7 μg/mg). This leads us to the conclusion that the excess of this hormone was probably synthetized during the process of incubation. The amount of steroids injected as a blocking agents, appears to be very important for both in vivo and in vitro tests.
SERUM CONCENTRATION OF α2-MACROGLOBULIN, HAPTOGLOBIN AND α1-ANTITRYPSIN IN DIABETES MELLITUS
Authors: Ganrot P. O. , Gydell K. , Ekelund H. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The serum concentration of α2-macroglobulin and that of haptoglobin, the two main components of the electrophoretic α2fraction, and of α1-antitrypsin were studied in a series of outpatients with diabetes mellitus. In all age groups a significant increase of α2-macroglobulin was noted. In adults the increase showed a significant positive correlation with the duration of the disease and was accentuated in the presence of nephropathy with proteinuria. No further increase was noted in the occurrence of other vascular complications. In adult diabetics haptoglobin and α1-antitrypsin were significantly increased. No correlation was found between the duration of the disease and the concentration of haptoglobin or α1-antitrypsin. Neither haptoglobin nor α1-antitrypsin were increased in diabetic children. It is proposed that the concentration of α2-macroglobulin is more related to diabetes mellitus per se than that of haptoglobin or α1-antitrypsin, which are increased most in response to complications with inflammatory reaction.
DIE ENDEMISCHE STRUMA IN TIROL.
Authors: Riccabona G. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Five villages in the Tyrol – a well known endemic goitre area – were examined. To study the pathogenesis of the disease iodine determinations were made in drinking water and 24 hour urines, the PBI was recorded and thyroid iodine metabolism was followed using 125I as tracer. The sera of the examined patients were checked for thyroid autoantibodies and careful family histories were taken.
The results showed that the Tyrol is an iodine deficient country with a still severe goitre endemic. Iodine deficiency is therefore certainly involved in the pathogenesis of goitres in this area. As there were, however, obviously iodine deficient persons without goitre in the same living conditions and as genetic factors are shown to be important also, an effort was made to clarify the complex pathogenesis of the disease using radiochromatography. However, no block in thyroid hormone synthesis could be demonstrated.
ENZYMATISCH-FLUOROMETRISCHE BESTIMMUNG DER CORTISOLBINDUNGSKAPAZITÄT DES PLASMA
Authors: Leybold K. , Rieper J. , Weissbecker L. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A simple method for the determination of cortisol-binding capacity is described. For saturation of the cortisol-binding proteins, plasma samples are incubated with an excess of cortisol. In the next step NADPH and liver microsomes of female rats are added. The microsomal Δ4-3-ketosteroid hydrogenase only reduces non protein-bound cortisol to tetrahydrocortisol-5α. Then the steroids are extracted by dichloromethane, and after some purification steps analyzed by fluorometry. Tetrahydrocortisol gives practically no fluorescence. The cortisol determined by this method corresponds to protein-bound cortisol and indicates the extent of cortisolbinding capacity. Precision and accuracy of the method were found to be good.
The values of cortisol-binding capacity obtained by our method are compared with the results of other authors. The mean value of adult men was 25.5 ± 3.4 μg/100 ml, that of pregnant women, mens IX-X, 42.3 ± 4.2 μg/100 ml.