bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tert
‐Butyl
Tert
‐Butyldimethylsilylglyoxylate:
A
Useful Conjunctive Reagent
Authors: Nicewicz David A. , Brétéché Guillaume , Johnson Jeffrey S. 
Published: October 2008

Abstract

Sodium azide

N
‐Acetylsulfanilyl choride

4‐Acetamidobenzenesulfonyl azide

Tert
‐Butyl acetoacetate

Tetrabutylammonium bromide

Tert
‐Butyl diazoacetate

N,N
‐Diisopropylethylamine

Oxone ® monopersulfate
Effects of the Ionic Currents in Electrolyte‐gated Organic Field‐Effect Transistors
Authors: Said Elias , Larsson Oscar , Berggren Magnus , Crispin Xavier 
Published: October 2008

AbstractPolyelectrolytes are promising materials as gate dielectrics in organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs). Upon gate bias, their polarization induces an ionic charging current, which generates a large double layer capacitor (10–500 µF cm−2) at the semiconductor/electrolyte interface. The resulting transistor operates at low voltages (<1 V) and its conducting channel is formed in ∼50 µs. The effect of ionic currents on the performance of the OFETs is investigated by varying the relative humidity of the device ambience. Within defined humidity levels and potential values, the water electrolysis is negligible and the OFETs performances are optimum.
Tuning the Unidirectional Electron Transfer at Interfaces with Multilayered Redox‐active Supramolecular Bionanoassemblies
Authors: Azzaroni Omar , Álvarez Marta , Abou‐Kandil Ahmed I. , Yameen Basit , Knoll Wolfgang 
Published: October 2008

AbstractIn this work, we present a new strategy to construct redox‐active molecular platforms to be used as molecular rectifiers with tunable and amplifiable electronic readout. The approach is based on using ligand‐receptor biological interactions to bioconjugate electroactive bio‐inorganic building blocks onto metal electrodes. The stability of the self‐assembled interfacial architecture is provided by multivalent macromolecular ligands that act as scaffolds for building‐up the multilayered structures. The ability of these electroactive supramolecular architectures to generate a unidirectional current flow and tune the corresponding electronic readout was demonstrated by mediating and rectifying the electron transfer between redox donors in solution and the Au electrode. The redox centers incorporated into the assembled architecture in a topologically controlled manner are responsible for tuning the amplification of the rectified electronic readout, thus behaving as a tunable bio‐supramolecular diode. Our experimental results obtained with these redox‐active bio‐supramolecular architectures illustrate the versatility of molecular recognition‐directed assembly in combination with hybrid bio‐inorganic building blocks to construct highly functional interfacial architectures.
Modeling fresh organic produce consumption with scanner data: a generalized double hurdle model approach
Authors: Zhang Feng , Huang Chung L. , Lin Biing‐Hwan , Epperson James E. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractPrevious studies using consumer surveys based on contingent valuations gave inconsistent or even contradictory results with respect to the impact of some consumer characteristics on organic foods consumption. Using actual retail‐level data, this study provides an objective view of the consumers' social economic characteristics related to the growth of the fresh organic produce market with a generalized double hurdle model. Market participation and conditional/unconditional consumption elasticities were computed for the generalized double hurdle model. [EconLit citations: C240, D120, Q110]. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A province‐level analysis of economies of scale in Canadian food processing
Authors: Gervais Jean‐Philippe , Bonroy Olivier , Couture Steve 
Published: October 2008

AbstractCost functions of three Canadian food‐processing sectors (meat, bakery, and dairy) are estimated using provincial data. A translog functional form is used, and the concavity property of the cost function is imposed locally. The Morishima substitution elasticities and scale elasticities are computed for different provinces. Inference is carried out using asymptotic theory as well as bootstrap methods. The evidence suggests that there are significant substitution possibilities between the agricultural input and other production factors in the meat and bakery sectors. Scale elasticities suggest that increasing returns to scale are present in the bakery and meat industries. To account for supply management in the dairy sector, separability between raw milk and other inputs was introduced. There exists evidence of increasing returns to scale at the industry level in the small producing provinces, but decreasing returns to scale in the two largest dairy provinces (Ontario and Quebec). [JEL Classification: D240, C300]. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Spurious elevated platelet counts associated with bacteremia
Authors: Gloster Elizabeth S. , Strauss Robert A. , Jimenez Jorge F. , Neuberg Ronnie W. , Berry Daisilee H. , Turner Eleanor J. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractSpuriously elevated automated platelet counts secondary to in vivo bacteremia have not been reported previously. Two patients are described with blood cultures positive for Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, respectively, and bacteria present on peripheral blood smear. Those bacteria caused falsely elevated platelet counts to be generated by the Ortho ELT‐8. These cases illustrate an unusual artifact and demonstrate that spurious counts can be generated by laser optical blood cell counters.
Treatment of red cell aplasia with antithymocyte globulin: Repeated inductions of complete remissions in two patients
Authors: Harris Stuart I. , Weinberg J. Brice 
Published: October 2008

AbstractTwo patients with red cell aplasia unresponsive to prednisone and cyclophosphamide were treated with antithymocyte globulin (ATG). Both patients developed reticulocytosis within 2‐4 days after ATG treatment and had complete remissions. Within 4‐6 months, they relapsed, and after retreatment with ATG both again developed reticulocytosis and remission. ATG should be considered for the treatment of patients with red cell aplasia who fail to respond to glucocorticoid/alkylator treatment.
Heterozygous deletion at 14q22.1–q22.3 including the BMP4 gene in a patient with psychomotor retardation, congenital corneal opacity and feet polysyndactyly
Authors: Hayashi Shin , Okamoto Nobuhiko , Makita Yoshio , Hata Akira , Imoto Issei , Inazawa Johji 
Published: October 2008

AbstractHere we report on a 1‐year‐old Japanese girl with psychomotor retardation, bilateral congenital corneal opacity and bilateral postaxial polysyndactyly of the feet. Although she had a normal female karyotype, our in‐house bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC)‐based array‐CGH analysis successfully detected at least a 2.7‐Mb heterozygous deletion at 14q22.1–q22.3 harboring 18 protein‐coding genes. Among the genes, BMP4 was a candidate for the gene causing the abnormalities of both the eye and digits. It was previously reported that the BMP family was correlated with the morphogenesis of digits and ocular development, and Bmp4 heterozygous null mice revealed skeletal abnormalities including polydactyly and ocular anterior segment abnormalities. Patients with a deletion including BMP4 also hadabnormalities of the eye and digits. These previous reports support that a haplo‐insufficiency of the BMP4 gene likely caused the congenital ocular and digit abnormalities. Moreover, among the other genes contained in the deletion, GMFB is a candidate for the gene responsible for the psychomotor retardation. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sib pair with previously unreported skeletal dysplasia
Authors: Mégarbané André , Dagher Rawane , Melki Imad 
Published: October 2008

AbstractWe report on a consanguineous Lebanese family in which a sister and brother had developmental delay, dysmorphic facial appearance, narrow chest, prominent abdomen, and short limbs. Neonatal radiographs disclosed a bell‐shaped thorax, short ribs, some with a cupped end, severe platyspondyly, square iliac bones, horizontal acetabula with medial and lateral spurs, hypoplastic ischia, short long bones, slight widening of the distal femoral metaphyses, and absence of epiphyseal ossification of the knees. The girl died at age 9 months as a result of respiratory insufficiency. A clinical and radiological follow‐up of the boy showed that the axial hypotonia, minor anomalies, and short stature were still present, whereas the bone abnormalities had improved. Differential diagnosis suggests that this is a new type of chondrodysplasia. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Molecular and clinical characterization of a recurrent cryptic unbalanced t(4q;18q) resulting in an 18q deletion and 4q duplication
Authors: Horbinski Craig , Carter Erika M. , Heard Patricia L. , Sathanoori Malini , Hu Jie , Vockley Jerry , Gunn Shelly , Hale Daniel E. , Surti Urvashi , Cody Jannine D. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractRecurrent constitutional non‐Robertsonian translocations are very rare. We present the third instance of cryptic, unbalanced translocation between 4q and 18q. This individual had an apparently normal karyotype; however, after subtelomere fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), he was found to have a cryptic unbalanced translocation between 4q and 18q [ish der(18)t(4;18)(q35;q23)(4qtel+,18qtel−)]. Oligonucleotide array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) refined the breakpoints in this child and in the previously reported child and indicated that the breakpoints were within 20 kb of each other, suggesting that this translocation is, indeed, recurrent. A comparison of the clinical presentation of these individuals identified features that are characteristic of both 18q− and 4q+ as well as features that are not associated with either condition, such as a prominent metopic ridge, bitemporal narrowing, prominent, and thick eyebrows. Individuals with features suggestive of this 4q;18q translocation but a normal karyotype warrant aCGH or subtelomere studies. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Morphology and mechanical properties of injection‐molded ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene/polypropylene blends and comparison with compression molding
Authors: Xie Meiju , Chen Jinyao , Li Huilin 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe mechanical properties and morphology of UHMWPE/PP(80/20) blend molded by injection and compression‐molding were investigated comparatively. The results showed that the injection‐molded part had obviously higher Young's modulus and yield strength, and much lower elongation at break and impact strength, than compression‐molded one. A skin‐core structure was formed during injection molding in which UHMWPE particles elongated highly in the skin and the orientation was much weakened in the core. In the compression‐molded part, the phase morphology was isotropic from the skin to the core section. The difference in consolidation degree between two molded parts that the compression molded part consolidated better than the injection one was also clearly shown. In addition, compositional analysis revealed that there was more PP in the skin than core for the injection‐molded part, whereas opposite case occurred to the compression‐molded one. All these factors together accounted for the different behavior in mechanical properties for two molded parts. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Investigation on the microstructure and the electric property of poly(propylene)/chlorinated poly(propylene)/poly(aniline) composites
Authors: Yang Lin , Chen Jinyao , Li Huilin 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe article presents results of studies on composites made from poly(propylene) (PP) modified with poly(aniline) (PANI) doped with dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid (DBSA) and chlorinated poly(propylene) (CPP). The volume resistivity of PP/CPP/PANI composites was detected, and the results show that the volume resistivity decreases with increasing CPP content, and there exists a minimum volume resistivity. Effects of CPP on the microstructure and crystalline structure of the PP/CPP/PANI composites and the relationship between the effects and the electric property were carefully analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and wide angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD). The method that the specimens of SEM are polished is appropriate to investigate the morphology of conducting polymer composites. The obtained results illuminate that the area of conducting parts and insulating parts obtained from the digital analysis of the SEM image is obviously influenced by the CPP content, the parameters of the lamellar‐like structure are immediately related to CPP content and denote the dispersion of PANI‐DBSA, and the percent crystallinity and mean crystal size of PP are directly correlated with the CPP content. The increasing area of conducting parts, the increasement of layer distance, the decreasement of size and layer number of the lamellar‐like structure of PANI‐DBSA, and the increasement of the percent crystallinity and mean crystal size of PP are beneficial to the improvement of the conductive property of PP/CPP/PANI composites. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Effect of dry/wet spinning on the photooxidative degradation of acrylic fibers
Authors: Aghanouri A. , Zadhoush A. , Haghighat M. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe photooxidative degradation of acrylic fibers was investigated with two different fiber‐spinning processes, that is, dry spinning and wet spinning. Several analytical methods were used in this study: viscometry, X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, optical measurements, and mechanical testing. Viscometry was used to determine the molecular weight as a monitoring factor for degradation. X‐ray diagrams showed lower changes in the crystallinity of wet‐spun fibers during a weathering process by irradiation. The results from mechanical testing indicated that the tenacity of dry‐spun fibers had less deterioration than that of wet‐spun fibers. Degraded wet‐spun and dry‐spun fibers showed similar trends in optical and spectroscopy analysis. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Mechanical and antimicrobial properties of multilayer films with a polyethylene/silver nanocomposite layer
Authors: Sánchez‐Valdes S. , Ortega‐Ortiz H. , Ramos‐de Valle L. F. , Medellín‐Rodríguez F. J. , Guedea‐Miranda R. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractA layer of a polyethylene–silver nanoparticles composite was deposited on a five layer barrier film structure. Different methods were used for the nanocomposite layer deposition: laminating, casting, and spraying over the multilayer structure. For the casting and spraying methods, the silver nanoparticles were previously dispersed in the polymer solution, with the assistance of ultrasound energy. The effect of silver nanoparticles and deposition method on the barrier, mechanical, and optical properties of the multilayer films was evaluated. The efficiency of silver ion release from the PE‐Silver nanocomposite deposited on the multilayer films and their antimicrobial characteristics were investigated and discussed. The silver ion release and biocide effect of the multilayer films was found to be dependant on the silver nanoparticle content and on the deposition method used. The observed results could be helpful in the design of industrial films for packaging. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Preparation of crosslinked chitosan by electron beam irradiation in the presence of CCl4
Authors: Ramaprasad A. T. , Rao Vijayalakshmi , Praveena M. , Sanjeev Ganesh , Ramanani S. P. , Sabharwal S. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractIn this article, we report the synthesis of crosslinked chitosan using 8 MeV electron beam (EB) irradiation in the presence of carbon tetrachloride. The crosslinked chitosan is characterized by dissolution, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning colorimetry (DSC), and nanoindentation studies. The insolubility of irradiated films in acetic acid indicates that chitosan has undergone crosslinking reaction. FTIR analysis also confirms the crosslinked structure of chitosan. Mechanical properties such as elastic modulus and hardness are calculated from the nanoindentation data. Modulus and hardness of chitosan increase with increase in the irradiation dose due to the increase in the crosslinking. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Template synthesis and magnetic response of polyaniline/Fe3O4 composite microtubes
Authors: Xiong Shanxin , Wang Qi , Chen Yinghong 
Published: October 2008

AbstractTemplate synthesis technique was employed to prepare magnetic polyaniline (PANI)/Fe3O4 composite microtubes using anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) membrane as template. Magnetic microtubes were obtained through in situ polymerization of aniline in the presence of Fe3O4 nanoparticles in the microchannels of template. A tubular structure was formed once when aniline was preferentially adsorbed and polymerized on the surface of channels wall. Electron microscope images demonstrated that the shape and size of guest (PANI/Fe3O4 composite microtubes) were strictly depended on those of the host (template channels). Magnetic force microscopy images showed that the PANI/Fe3O4 composite microtubes possessed reasonable magnetism and the magnetism distribution of microtubes was regular as distribution of template channels. Moreover, the magnetic response and oriented arrangement of PANI/Fe3O4 microtubes were fulfilled in the magnetic field. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Ignition, combustion, toxicity, and fire retardancy of polyurethane foams: A comprehensive review
Authors: Singh Harpal , Jain A. K. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThis review provides insight into the ignition, combustion, smoke, toxicity, and fire‐retardant performance of flexible and rigid polyurethane foams. This review also covers various additive and reactive fire‐retardant approaches adopted to render polyurethane foams fire‐retardant. Literature sources are mostly technical publications, patents, and books published since 1961. It has been found by different workers that polyurethane foams are easily ignitable and highly flammable, support combustion, and burn quite rapidly. They are therefore required to be fire‐retardant for different applications. Polyurethane foams during combustion produce a large quantity of vision‐obscuring smoke. The toxicity of the combustion products is much higher than that of many other manmade polymers because of the high concentrations of hydrogen cyanide and carbon monoxide. Polyurethane foams have been rendered fire‐retardant by the incorporation of phosphorus‐containing compounds, halogen‐containing compounds, nitrogen‐containing additives, silicone‐containing products, and miscellaneous organic and inorganic additives. Some heat‐resistant groups such as carbodiimide‐, isocyanurate‐, and nitrogen‐containing heterocycles formed with polyurethane foams also render urethane foams fire‐retardant. Fire‐retardant additives reduce the flammability, smoke level, and toxicity of polyurethane foams with some degradation in other characteristics. It can be concluded that despite many significant attempts, no commercial solution to the fire retardancy of polyurethane foams without some loss of physical and mechanical properties is available. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Toluene‐vapor sorption of chemically modified methyl methacrylate‐co‐chloromethyl styrene copolymers with N,N,‐dimethyl‐1,3‐propanediamine measured with a quartz crystal microbalance
Authors: Matsuguchi Masanobu , Kagemoto Muneyoshi 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe sorption properties of toluene vapor were measured for methyl methacrylate (MMA)‐co‐chloromethyl styrene (CMSt) copolymers chemically modified with N,N‐dimethyl‐1,3‐propanediamine (DMPDA) to develop a novel quartz crystal microbalance toluene‐vapor sensor coating. The influence of the structure of the comonomer, the composition of the copolymer, and the film thickness on the toluene sorption properties were investigated. The modified MMA–CMSt copolymers were capable of large, fast, and reversible sorption versus the modified styrene–CMSt copolymers. The largest sorption capacity was obtained for MMA–CMSt–DMPDA with a 96 mol % CMSt concentration. These behaviors were explained by a combination of the plasticization of the copolymers by the introduction of bulky DMPDA at lower CMSt concentrations and the formation of a loosely crosslinked structure at higher CMSt concentrations. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Electroluminescent fluorene‐based alternating polymers bearing triarylamine or carbazole moieties in the main chain: Synthesis and properties
Authors: Zou Yingping , Zhou Yi , Wu Guanglong , Li Yongfang , Pan Chunyue 
Published: October 2008

AbstractTwo soluble conjugated polyfluorenes, poly{9,9‐dioctylfluorene‐2,7‐diyl‐co‐4,4′‐bis[2‐(4‐phenyl)‐2‐cyanovinyl]triphenylamine}(PF‐BCT) and poly{9,9‐dioctylfluorene‐2,7‐diyl‐co‐3,6‐bis[2‐(4‐phenyl)‐2‐cyanovinyl]‐9‐octyl carbazole}(PF‐BCC), have been synthesized from 2,7‐dibromo‐9,9‐dioctylfluorene and 4,4′‐bis[2‐(4‐bromophenyl)‐ 2‐cyanovinyl]triphenylamine or 3,6‐bis[2‐(4‐bromophenyl)‐2‐cyanovinyl]‐9‐octyl carbazole comonomers through a Suzuki polymerization reaction. The copolymers are characterized by gel permeation chromatography, elemental analysis, thermogravimetric analysis. The polymers have good thermal stability with 5 wt % loss temperatures of more than 380°C. Cyclic voltammetry measurements show that the polymers present good electron and hole‐injection abilities. PF‐BCC possesses higher oxidization potential than that of PF‐BCT, which indicates that PF‐BCT has better hole injection ability. The photophysical properties of the polymers are investigated in both solutions and spinning‐coated films. Compared to that of PF‐BCC, the absorption and emission peaks of PF‐BCT bathochromic shift in the solid film or solution states. Single layer light‐emitting devices have been fabricated in the ITO/PEDOT: PSS/polymer/Ca/Al configuration. The electroluminescence (EL) device based on PF‐BCT shows yellow emission with the current efficiency of 0.21 cd/A, while PF‐BCC shows greenish yellow emission with the current efficiency of 0.08 cd/A. In addition, to improve the electroluminescence of PF‐BCC, a PVK layer is introduced, the brightness and efficiency get improved to 700 cd/m2 and 0.12 cd/A, respectively. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Mechanical and hydration properties of Nafion®/ceramic nanocomposite membranes produced by mechanical attrition
Authors: Moster Amanda L. , Mitchell Brian S. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractA solid state method of Nafion®/ceramic nanocomposite membrane preparation is described. A nanocomposite powder from Nafion pellets and a zirconium phosphate ceramic is formed by mechanical milling. The nanoparticles are then consolidated into membrane form by mechanical pressing. Cross‐sectional analysis by scanning electron microscopy indicates that the ceramic particles exist in agglomerates that are evenly dispersed across the membrane. Dynamic mechanical analysis and tensile testing found the membranes to be mechanically equivalent, and in some cases superior, to a commercial extruded membrane. Increasing ceramic content is accompanied by an increase in modulus and shift in the alpha peak to higher temperature. Maximum water uptake of the membranes, as measured by thermal gravimetric analysis, is double that of values reported for the commercial membrane, and complete dehydration is postponed to higher temperature. The proton conductivity of fully hydrated membranes, measured by the 4‐probe method at 60°C in water, is comparable with that of the extruded membrane. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009