bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analisis Hidrokuinon dalam Krim Pemutih Wajah yang Beredar di Kota Bangkinang dengan Metode Kromatografi Lapis Tipis
Authors: Putriani Kony , Anggraini Lovera , Fricilia Fitri Cindy 
Published: March 2024

Hydroquinone is an ingredient or preparation to overcome skin hyperpigmentation on the outside of the body. Hydroquinone is prohibited from use in cosmetics that can cause oochronosis, which is skin spots like sand and bluish brown in color, people with oochronosis will feel itchy and burning on the skin. The study aims to determine the presence or absence of Hydroquinone in face whitening creams that do not have BPOM permits circulating in Bangkinang City. Hydroquinone examination was carried out by thin-a-layer chromatography (TLC) method using toluene mobile phase: glacial acetic acid (80:20). Whitening cream samples were taken from as many as five different brands, and different sellers. After testing the five samples, two were positive, marked with the Rf value of the sample equal to the Rf of the control and comparison.
Keywords: Whitening Cream, Hydroquinone, KLT

Abstrak
Hidrokuinon merupakan bahan atau sediaan untuk mengatasi hiperpigmentasi kulit di bagian luar tubuh. Hidrokuinon dilarang penggunaannya pada kosmetik karena menyebabkan okronosis, yaitu kulit berbintik seperti pasir dan berwarna coklat kebiruan, Pengidap okronosis akan merasa gatal dan rasa terbakar pada kulit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan ada atau tidaknya hidrokuinon pada krim pemutih wajah yang tidak memiliki izin Badan Penelitian Obat dan Makanan (BPOM) yang beredar di Kota Bangkinang. Pemeriksaan hidrokuinon dilakukan dengan metode Kromatografi Lapis Tipis (KLT) dengan menggunakan fase gerak toluen : asam asetat glasial (80:20). Sampel krim pemutih diambil sebanyak lima merek yang berbeda dari penjual yang berbeda, Setelah dilakukan pengujian diperoleh hasil dua sampel D dan E positif mengandung hidrokuinon yang ditandai dengan nilai Rf yang sama dengan Rf kontrol dan pembanding.
Kata Kunci: Krim Pemutih, Hidrokuinon, KL
Karakterisasi Nanoselulosa dari Tandan Kosong Aren (Arenga pinnata) sebagai Filler dalam Pembuatan Tisu
Authors: Nurdin Widhi Mulya , Irmawati Irmawati , Alwan La Ode Muhamad , Haeruddin Haeruddin 
Published: March 2024

The high demand for tissue made from wood as the main raw material has led to the shrinkage of Indonesian forests. Nanocellulose from empty palm bunches was prepared in this study by delignification, hydrolysis and ultrasonication in order to obtain the optimum ultrasonification time. Time variations were 15 min, 30 min and 45 min at 50°C. FTIR analysis showed wavelengths for ?-cellulose functional groups of empty palm bunches, namely O-H groups at 3042.43 cm-1, C-H at 2900.94 cm-1 and C-O at 1049.28cm-1. FE-SEM analysis showed that nanocellulose with 45 min ultrasonification time has a particle size that meets the criteria of nanoparticles. The addition of nanocellulose in napkins increased the thickness and water absorption, with the addition of 6 g of nanocellulose giving the most significant results. With further research, the utilization of TKA in the tissue industry can help to reduce pressure on forests and provide a sustainable alternative for tissue production.
Keywords: Nanocellulose, Aren Empty Bunch, Filler

Abstrak
Tingginya permintaan tisu yang terbuat dari kayu sebagai bahan baku utamanya telah menyebabkan penyusutan hutan Indonesia. Nanoselulosa tandan kosong aren dibuat dalam penelitian ini melalui proses delignifikasi, hidrolisis dan ultrasonifiasi dengan tujuan untu mendapatkan waktu ultrasonifikasi yang optimum. Metode penelitian yang digunakan meliputi proses delignifikasi, hidrolisis asam serta ultrasonifikasi. Variasi waktu yang dilakukan 15 menit, 30 menit dan 45 menit pada suhu 50oC. Hasil analisis FTIR menunjukkan panjang gelombang untuk gugus fungsi ?-selulosa tandan kosong aren yaitu gugus O-H pada daerah 3042,43 cm-1, C-H pada 2900,94 cm-1 dan C-O 1049,28cm-1 . Hasil analisis FE-SEM menunjukkan bahwa nanoselulosa dengan lama waktu ultrasonifikasi 45 menit memiliki ukuran partikel yang memenuhi kriteria nanopartikel. Penambahan nanoselulosa dalam tisu napkins meningkatkan ketebalan dan daya serap air, dengan penambahan 6 gr nanoselulosa memberikan hasil yang paling signifikan. Dengan penelitian lebih lanjut, pemanfaatan TKA dalam industri tisu dapat membantu mengurangi tekanan terhadap hutan dan menyediakan alternatif yang berkelanjutan untuk produksi tisu.
Kata Kunci: Nanoselulosa, Tandan Kosong Aren, Filler
Determination of Catechin Content in Green and Black Tea (Camellia sinensis L.) by UV-Vis Spectrophotometric Method
Authors: Nafisah Umi , Dewi Aptika Oktaviana Trisna , Lulu Anes Aisna Hana 
Published: March 2024

Tea is one of the most commonly consumed beverages around the world. The chemical compounds contained in tea have a good effect on health because they contain polyphenolic compounds, catechins. This study examined the catechin compound content of black tea and green tea from Karanganyar (A) and Malang (B). This research aims to determine the differences in catechin levels in black and green tea types in Malang, East Java, and Karanganyar, Central Java plantations. The research method used was experimental. Identification of catechin content was done using UV-Vis Spectrophotometry method. Tea is extracted by brewing, 4 grams of green tea is brewed using distilled water for 6 minutes, while 5.6 grams of black tea is brewed using distilled water for 10 minutes with the comparison used is pure catechin solution. The results obtained for green tea Karanganyar (A) had a catechin content of 3.61±0.083%, green tea Malang (B) had a level of 2.97±0.037%, black tea Karanganyar (A) had a level of 3.14±0.065%, and black tea Malang (B) had a level of 1.60±0.009%. It is concluded that the catechin content of green tea is higher than black tea, and of the two samples, the high catechin content comes from Karanganyar (A).
Keywords: catechins, green tea, black tea, malang, karanganyar
Efek Penambahan Kolesterol dan Tween 80 terhadap Karakteristik dan Stabilitas Fisik Liposom Hydrolyzed Collagen
Authors: Amilia Alya Nur , Rosita Noorma , Yusuf Helmy 
Published: March 2024

Hydrolyzed collagen (HC) exhibits excellent anti-aging activity, but when applied topically, it faces limitations related to its physicochemical properties and low permeability to penetrate the skin. A system like liposomes is required. With the addition of cholesterol and Tween 80 surfactant to the liposome formulation, it is anticipated to enhance the characteristics and stability of the system in various combination ratios of Soy phosphatidylcholine: cholesterol: Tween 80, namely (F1= 4: 2: 1), (F2= 4: 1: 1), and (F3= 4: 1: 2). Characterization test results indicate that formula F3 exhibits the best characteristics, with respective values for particle size, PDI, zeta potential, and %EE being 63.26nm ± 0.73; 0.182 ± 0.011; 2.5mV ± 0.1; and 85.54% ± 0.20. Real-time stability test results, analyzed statistically using a Paired T-test, yield p-values for all three formulas (Sig 2-tailed) < 0.05, signifying a significant difference. Formula F2 demonstrates the smallest differences in particle size reduction and %EE. Hence, it can be observed that F2 stands out as the formula with the best characteristics and stability compared to F1 and F3.
Keywords: Characteristics; hydrolyzed collagen; liposomes; cholesterol; Tween 80

Abstrak
Hydrolized Collagen (HC) memiliki aktivitas anti-aging yang sangat baik, namum secara topikal memiliki keterbatasan terkait sifat fisika kimia dan permeabilitasnya yang rendah untuk menembus kulit. Dibutuhkan suatu sistem seperti liposom. Dengan penambahan kolesterol dan surfaktan Tween 80 ke dalam formulasi liposom diharapkan akan meningkatkan karakteristik dan stabilitas sistem dalam beberapa perbandingan kombinasi formula Soy phospatidylcholine: kolesterol: Tween 80 yaitu (F1= 4: 2: 1), (F2= 4: 1: 1), dan (F3= 4: 1: 2). Hasil uji karakteristik menunjukkan formula F3 memiliki karakteristik terbaik dengan nilai ukuran partikel, PDI, zeta potensial, dan %EE secara berturut-turut 63,26nm ± 0,73; 0,182 ± 0,011; 2,5mV ± 0,1; dan 85,54% ± 0,20. Hasil uji stabilitas real-time menunjukkan hasil analisis statistik menggunakan Paired T-test diperoleh p-value ketiga formula yaitu Sig (2- tailed) < 0,05, yang berarti terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan dan formula F2 yang memiliki selisih penurunan ukuran partikel dan %EE terkecil. Sehingga, dapat dilihat bahwa F2 merupakan formula yang memiliki karakteristik dan stabilitas paling baik dibandingkan dengan F1 dan F3.
Kata Kunci: Karakteristik; hydrolized collagen; liposom; kolesterol; tween 80
Thyroid volume and its correlation with thyroid function in Central India
Authors: Agrawal Alka , Bhandari Gaurav , Sahoo Ashish , Solanki Priya 
Published: March 2024

Objectives
Due to its strong correlation with age, gender, anthropometric parameters, and geographic location, thyroid gland volume varies widely. Finding the reference range of a healthy individual’s normal thyroid gland volume has become crucial for every community. Thus, the public will be better able to grade goiter, and large-scale iodine monitoring initiatives will be guided by this. Ultrasound (US) eliminates the issues of overestimation of goiter prevalence and significant interobserver variability associated with palpation estimates, as it is more accurate than clinical examination in diagnosing enlarged thyroid glands.
This research aimed to use ultrasonography to determine reference ranges for total thyroid volume in the normal adult population in central India and to connect the results with thyroid function tests.

Material and Methods
A tertiary-care hospital hosted a prospective cross-sectional study. There were 410 healthy subjects in total. B-Grey scale imaging US was utilized to assess the overall thyroid volume by adding the volume of both lobes, which was calculated using the ellipsoid formula. In order to examine thyroid function, blood samples were obtained. Age-appropriate thyroid volume reference values were found.

Results
The average thyroid gland volume across all research participants was 6.90 ± 1.74 ml. The gland volume of males was considerably greater (7.30 ± 1.86 ml) than that of females (6.63 ± 1.61 ml) (P<0.001). In both genders, the right lobe’s volume was considerably higher than the left lobe’s (3.76 ± 0.96 ml vs. 3.14 ± 0.89 ml, P < 0.001). There was no discernible relationship between thyroid function tests and gland volume.

Conclusion
We made an effort to help set the reference values for our community, but more extensive research is needed to set the thyroid gland volume reference values for the entire country.
Electronic anonymous voting system based on blind digital signature
Authors: Дьячкова И.С. , Ракитский А.А. 
Published: March 2024

Представлена схема создания системы анонимного дистанционного голосования, в основе которой лежит алгоритм слепой электронной подписи — один из эффективных способов сформировать и подписать бюллетень для голосования. Описан метод построения канала связи для анонимной передачи бюллетеней на сервер и доказана надежность такого метода, а также указан рекомендуемый способ безопасного хранения бюллетеней голосования в виде блокчейн-транзакций. В ходе исследования были изучены возможные угрозы безопасности системы и представлены способы их предотвращения. Таким образом проанализирована надежность представленной системы и продемонстрировано, что система анонимного удаленного голосования не подвержена этим уязвимостям.
Nowadays, remote voting systems and applications become very popular, but they have some drawbacks, especially in terms of anonymity. The aim of the paper is to create a scheme for developing a reliable anonymous remote voting system. The methodology for designing such a scheme is based on the algorithm of blind ballots digital signature. This algorithm is one of the effective ways to generate and sign a voting ballot, where its encrypted voting results are transmitted to the ballot server without any information about user. A secret channel protocol was created to anonymously transfer ballots from voters to a server. This article proves the reliability of this method and also presents a recommended method for securely storing ballots as block chain transactions. In addition, possible threats to the security of the system were investigated and analyzed and there were presented possible ways to prevent them. As the result of this work, an effective scheme for creating an anonymous remote voting system with relatively small number of participants was described. Moreover, the reliability of the presented system was analyzed and it was demonstrated that the system of anonymous remote voting is not affected by possible vulnerabilities discovered during the investigation. As a result of the performed research, it was shown that the presented anonymous remote voting scheme is a good alternative to traditional voting and other similar systems.
Investigating Methods in Teaching Vocabulary to Early Childhood Students
Authors: Palimbunga' Theo Dedy , Buli Rosvika , Lestari Debby 
Published: March 2024

The mastery of English from an early age is an essential requirement. Kindergarten teachers must equip early childhood studentswith sufficient knowledge and skills in English. It starts with teaching them vocabulary, which facilitates their English communication. However, the main problem often faced is the selection of practical and enjoyable vocabulary teaching methods, as their learning style differs from that of older students. Therefore, this research aimed to investigate processes in teaching vocabulary to early childhood students. This study was conducted at Generation for Christ School using a qualitative descriptive approach. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews involving seven teachers as research informants. The data were analyzed using a qualitative descriptive approach. The results showed that the teaching methods applied by teachers in teaching English vocabulary to early childhood students are movement and songs, Total Physical Response (TPR), games, Grammar Translation Method (GTM), and Communicative Language Teaching (CLT).
San Pedro Tenango. Cambios sociales entre la población otomí, pame y chichimeca, en el periodo novohispano temprano
Authors: Miranda Rodríguez Sergio Alfredo 
Published: March 2024

San Pedro Tenango, se encuentra en la zona montañosa del municipio de Tlahuiltepa, Hidalgo. En el presente trabajo se expone el proceso de transformación que sufrió Tenango, de ser un pueblo con antecedentes prehispánicos a convertirse en una sociedad novohispana. En el momento inmediato de la llegada de los españoles a esta área geocultural conocida actualmente como la Sierra Alta de Hidalgo, se encontraban en franca convivencia los grupos denominados chichimecas, otomíes, pames y mexicanos, quienes de manera forzada son integrados al nuevo orden hispano, instrumentado por las instituciones políticas y religiosas. Estas manifestaciones externas impactaron en su antigua forma de vida cotidiana, religiosa, política, ritual y económica de los pueblos indígenas. Durante el siglo XVI y la mitad el XVII pueblos chichimecas renuentes a la presencia de los religiosos y funcionarios españoles, mantuvieron de manera intermitente ataques en poblados como Tenango, Chichicaxtla, Chapulhuacán, Xilitla (SLP), Xalpa (Qro) y Xiliapán, donde principalmente atacaban edificios religiosos. Para la construcción histórica de nuestra área de estudio, se ha tomado nota de datos encontrados en algunas fuentes documentales del siglo XVI, XVIII y XVIII, así también de investigaciones contemporáneas, estudios arqueológicos y lingüísticos.
Asociación entre comorbilidades y riesgo de sarcopenia en adultas mayores
Authors: Cruz-Castruita Rosa María , Zambrano-Ayala Stephanie Denise , Medina-Corrales Marina 
Published: March 2024

Objetivo: evaluar la conexión entre comorbilidades y el riesgo de sarcopenia con el cuestionario SARC-F en adultas mayores de Nuevo León adscritas a los servicios médicos de un hospital público. Métodos: se llevó a cabo un estudio transversal y descriptivo con una muestra de 40 participantes. Los datos y el cuestionario de SARC-F se recolectaron para identificar las enfermedades al momento de la encuesta e identificar su probabilidad, respectivamente. Resultados: el análisis de la relación mostró una correlación positiva débil. Conclusión: los resultados indican que conforme aumentan las primeras hay un incremento en la posibilidad de contraer sacopenia.
PENYULUHAN PIJAT BAYI BALITA DI PEKON SIDOKATON GISTING TANGGAMUS
Authors: Anggriani Yunita , Komalasari  , Agustina Rika , Isnaini Maulia , Iis Tri Utami  
Published: March 2024

Baby and toddlers are a vulnerable group in terms of nutritional problems, which must be monitored and provided interventions to produce a quality generation. Fulfilling good nutritional status can affect baby and toddlers' immune system. Giving massage to baby and toddlers can be one of the efforts that can be made to increase endurance and have a positive health impact on toddlers. The aim of this activity is to provide information to mothers who have toddlers regarding the benefits and importance of massage for toddlers, one of the benefits of which is to increase endurance. The material presented in this activity includes the meaning of massage, the benefits of massage and toddler massage techniques. This activity is also carried out directly by carrying out massage demonstrations. The conclusion from holding this activity was that mothers who have toddlers become more knowledgeable and can understand the benefits of toddler massage, and try to apply it little by little in their daily lives.

Keywords: Baby Toddler Massage, Body Endurance
A PEMBERDAYAAN KELOMPOK WANITA TANI (KWT) AYU TANI PEKON BULUKARTO KABUPATEN PRINGSEWU MELALUI DIVERSIFIKASI OLAHAN BERBASIS BAYAM DAN JAHE
Authors: Ambar Wati Desti , Elva Junita Dera 
Published: March 2024

The development of various preparations from spinach and ginger well includes efforts to support government programs through food diversification. The target of this activity is Kelompok Wanita Tani (KWT) Ayu Tani. The problem that occurs with partners is the limited ideas for processing spinach and ginger cultivation products. The solution offered to partners is to diversify processed spinach and ginger into Kembang Goyang and instant ginger drinks. This product was chosen to develop traditional food and drinks and has gone through a trial process and nutritional content analysis using a nutrisurvey application. The media used as a presentation tool is a product development recipe book. Apart from increasing knowledge and skills regarding food diversification, the team also provides education regarding packaging and product marketing techniques on social media as whatsapp, instagram, and facebook.

Keywords: Food Diversification; Spinach; Ginger; Nutrition Products
MANAJEMEN PENGELOLAAN KEUANGAN KELUARGA BAGI IBU HAMIL
Authors: Puspita Sari Selly , Intansari Fixi , Sekar Larasati Bayu , Mulyono Andi , Ratnasari Ratnasari , Sutinah Sutinah , Fitria Inayah Rhala 
Published: March 2024

The aim of this community service activity is to increase mothers' knowledge and understanding in managing finances in order to improve children's health and nutritional status, so that mothers can provide good and appropriate care for the child's growth and development process. This socialization was carried out on September 15 2023 at the village hall in Pekon Blitarejo, Gading Rejo District, Pringsewu Regency, Lampung Province. In general, the steps for Community Service activities can be divided into three stages, namely needs analysis, activity implementation, and evaluation. The results of this community service activity are that mothers can understand the importance of financial planning for the family. It is important to manage family finances, especially for pregnant women, so that nutritional needs are met in order to prevent stunting for pregnant women and babies born. Several ways that can be used to manage finances for the needs of pregnant women include detailing every need for food and drinks that are nutritious but affordable with the money they have. By providing nutritious food and drinks for pregnant women, it is hoped that the growth of the fetus in the womb will also provide adequate nutritional intake, thereby preventing stunting.
Keywords: Financial Management, Pregnant Women, Stunting.
A PENGETAHUAN IBU TENTANG IVA TEST DENGAN PEMERIKSAAN IVA TEST DI PUSKESMAS KALIBALANGAN KECAMATAN ABUNG SELATAN KABUPATEN LAMPUNG UTARA TAHUN 2024
Authors: Resmasari Susi 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
IVA examination is an examination that can be carried out to detect cervical cancer and is also an alternative screening to pap smears because it is usually cheaper, practical, very easy to carry out and has simple equipment. In this examination, the examination is carried out by looking at the cervix which has been treated with 3-5% acetic acid inspectively. IVA is an examination of the cervix by looking directly (with the naked eye) at the cervix after smearing the cervix with a 3 to 5% acetic acid solution. In this way we can detect uterine cancer as early as possible (Wijaya Delia, 2010). This service activity was carried out in the form of counseling on the theme of cervical cancer and IVA examinations attended by women of productive age at the Kalibalangan Community Health Center. Before the counseling begins, participants are given pretest questions to measure knowledge about women's reproductive health. From the results of the research that has been carried out, it was found that if we look at the individual scores, all participants experienced an increase in the correct number. An increase in the number of correct results during the pretest compared to the posttest is the indicator achievement target aimed at in this service activity to produce the outcome of increasing knowledge about cervical cancer.
ABSTRAK
Pemeriksaan IVA merupakan pemeriksaan yang dapat dilakukan untuk mendeteksi kanker leher rahim dan juga skrining alternatif dari pap smear karena biasanya lebih murah, praktis, sangat mudah untuk dilaksanakan dan menggunakan peralatan yang sederhana. Pada pemeriksaan ini, pemeriksaan dilakukan dengan cara melihat serviks yang telah diberi asam asetat 3-5% secara inspekulo. IVA adalah pemeriksaan leher rahim ( serviks ) dengan cara melihat langsung ( dengan mata telanjang ) leher rahim setelah memulas leher rahim dengan larutan asam asetat 3 sapai dengan 5%. Dengan cara ini kita dapat mendeteksi kanker rahim sedini mungkin, (Wijaya Delia, 2010). Kegiatan pengabdian ini dilakukan dalam bentuk penyuluhan bertema kanker serviks dan pemeriksaan IVA diikuti oleh wanita usia produktif yang berlokasi di Puksesmas Kalibalangan. Sebelum penyuluhan dimulai, peserta terlebih dahulu diberikan soal pretest untuk mengukur pengetahuan tentang kesehatan reproduksi wanita, setelah dilakukan penyuluhan, peserta kembali diberikan soal post test untuk melihat pemahaman peserta setelah selesai penyuluhan yang dilakukan. Dari hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan, diperoleh bahwa bila ditilik dari nilai perseorangan, seluruh peserta mengalami peningkatan jumlah benar. Peningkatan jumlah benar pada saat pretest kemudian dibandingkan pada saat post test merupakan target capaian indikator yang dituju dalam kegiatan pengabdian ini untuk menghasilkan luaran peningkatan pengetahuan tentang kanker serviks.