bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of a valine residue at codon 352 of the VP2 capsid protein on in vivo replication and pathogenesis of Aleutian disease parvovirus in mink
Authors: Stevenson M. A. McCrackin , Fox James M. , Wolfinbarger James B. , Bloom Marshall E. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine whether a group of 3 genetic differences in the nonstructural protein (NS1) or 1 genetic difference in the structural protein (VP2) of Aleutian disease parvovirus (ADV) is responsible for an increase in the in vivo replication and pathogenicity of G/U-8, a chimera of ADV-G (nonpathogenic) and ADVUtah (pathogenic), compared with G/U-10.Animals—32 eight-month-old female sapphire mink (Mustela vison).Procedure—Chimeric viruses were constructed, propagated in vitro, and used to inoculate mink. Antiviral antibody responses, presence of serum viral nucleic acid, and serum gamma globulin concentrations were monitored for 120 days following inoculation. Histologic examination of the liver, kidneys, spleen, and mesenteric lymph nodes was performed after necropsy.Results—A chimera containing only the 3 amino acid substitutions in NS1 did not elicit measurable responses indicative of replication or pathogenicity in inoculated mink. Serum antiviral antibody responses, frequency of detection of viral nucleic acid in serum, gamma globulin response, and histologic changes in mink inoculated with chimeras containing a valine residue at codon 352 (352V) of VP2 capsid were increased, compared with values from mink inoculated with chimeric viruses that did not contain 352V.Conclusion and Clinical Relevance—A valine residue at codon 352 in the VP2 capsid protein of ADV affects in vivo viral replication and pathogenicity. This amino acid may be part of an incompletely defined pathogenic determinant of ADV. Further characterization of the pathogenic determinant may allow future development of focused preventive and therapeutic interventions for Aleutian disease of mink. (Am J Vet Res2001;62:1658–1663)
Effects of antibiotics on morphologic characteristics and migration of canine corneal epithelial cells in tissue culture
Authors: Hendrix Diane V. H. , Ward Daniel A. , Barnhill Mary Ann 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To determine effects of commonly used
ophthalmic antibiotics on cellular morphologic characteristics
and migration of canine corneal epithelium in
cell culture.

Sample Population—Corneal epithelial cells harvested
from corneas of 12 euthanatized dogs and propagated
in cell culture.

Procedure—Cells were treated with various antibiotics
after a defect was created in the monolayer.
Cellular morphologic characteristics and closure of
the defect were compared between antibiotic-treated
and control cells.

Results—Cells treated with ciprofloxacin and cefazolin
had the greatest degree of rounding, shrinkage,
and detachment from plates. Cells treated with
neomycin-polymyxin B-gramicidin and gentamicin sulfate
had rounding and shrinkage but with less
detachment. Cells treated with tobramycin and chloramphenicol
grew similarly to control cells. On the
basis of comparisons of defect circumference
between control cells and cells exposed to antibiotics,
tobramycin affected cellular migration the least.

Conclusion and Clinical Relevance—Effects of
ciprofloxacin and cefazolin on morphologic characteristics
of canine corneal epithelial cells in vitro should
be taken into consideration before using these antibiotics
for first-line of treatment for noninfected ulcers.
Of the antibiotics tested that have a primarily gramnegative
spectrum of coverage, gentamicin inhibited
corneal epithelial cell migration and had greater
cytopathologic effects than tobramycin did. For antibiotics
with a gram-positive coverage, chloramphenicol
had no cytopathologic effects on cells in comparison
to cefazolin, which caused most of the cells to shrink
and detach from the plate. Polymyxin B-neomycingramicidin
was midrange in its effects on cellular morphologic
characteristics and migration. (Am J Vet Res
2001;62:xxx–xxx)
Results of thyroid function tests and concentrations of plasma proteins in dogs administered etodolac
Authors: Panciera David L. , Johnston Spencer A. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine the effects of etodolac administration on results of thyroid function tests and concentrations of plasma proteins in clinically normal dogs.Animals—19 healthy random-source mixed-breed dogs.Procedure—Blood samples for measurement of serum thyroxine (T4), 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3), free T4(fT4), and endogenous canine thyroid stimulating hormone (cTSH) were measured twice before as well as on days 14 and 28 of etodolac administration (mean dosage, 13.7 mg/kg, PO, q 24 h). Plasma total protein, albumin, and globulin concentrations and serum osmolality were measured once before as well as on days 14 and 28 of etodolac administration.Results—Etodolac administration did not significantly affect serum T4, T3, fT4, or cTSH concentrations or serum osmolality. Significant decreases in plasma total protein, albumin, and globulin concentrations were detected on days 14 and 28 of administration.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results of thyroid function tests are not altered when etodolac is administered for up to 4 weeks. Therefore, interpretation of results of these tests should accurately reflect thyroid function during etodolac treatment. Plasma total protein, albumin, or globulin concentrations that are less than the respective reference range in a dog administered etodolac for ≥ 2 weeks may be an effect of treatment rather than an unrelated disease process. A decrease in plasma protein concentrations may reflect subclinical injury of the gastrointestinal tract. (Am J Vet Res2002;63:1492–1495)
Epidemiologic investigation of Mycobacterium bovis in a population of cats
Authors: Kaneene John B. , Bruning-Fann Colleen S. , Dunn John , Mullaney Thomas P. , Berry Dale , Massey Jeffrey P. , Thoen Charles O. , Halstead Steven , Schwartz Kathy 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To determine whether cats exposed at a
residence were infected with Mycobacterium bovis,
whether the tuberculin skin test can identify cats
infected with M bovis, and whether an ELISA could
identify tuberculosis-infected cats.

Animals—20 domestic cats exposed to a cat with
laboratory-confirmed disseminated M bovis infection.

Procedure—Cats were administered a tuberculin
skin test and monitored for 72 hours. Blood and fecal
samples were collected. Cats were then euthanatized,
and postmortem examinations were performed.
Tissues were examined grossly and histologically
for signs of mycobacteriosis. Pooled tissue
samples and fecal samples were submitted for
mycobacterial culture. Blood samples were examined
for evidence of tuberculosis by use of a comparative
ELISA.

Results—4 cats had positive responses for the
ELISA, and 2 cats had suspicious responses. All
tuberculin skin tests yielded negative results. No
gross or histologic lesions of tuberculosis were
detected in any tissues, and mycobacteria were not
isolated from tissues or feces obtained from the 20
cats.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—All cats that
had positive or suspicious responses for the ELISA
were offspring of the cat with tuberculosis. Evidence
of tuberculosis was not seen in other cats at the residence,
the owner, or the attending veterinarian. The
most likely source of tuberculosis for the infected cat
was through the consumption of M bovis-infected
wildlife carcasses or offal. Because M bovis is endemic
in wildlife in northeastern Michigan, there is a risk
of exposure to tuberculosis in companion animals,
their owners, and attending veterinarians. (Am J Vet
Res 2002;63:1507–1511)
In vivo effects of meloxicam and aspirin on blood, gastric mucosal, and synovial fluid prostanoid synthesis in dogs
Authors: Jones Christopher J. , Streppa Heather K. , Harmon Barry G. , Budsberg Steven C. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To evaluate in vivo activityin dogs of meloxicam or aspirin, previously shown in vitro to be a selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor (COX-1 sparing drug), or a nonselective COX inhibitor, respectively.Animals—12 male dogs with unilateral osteoarthritis of the stifle joint.Procedure—Each dog was treated in a crossover design with aspirin or meloxicam for 21 days. Prostaglandin E2(PGE2) concentrations were measured at days 0 (baseline), 7, and 21 of each treatment period in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated blood, synovial fluid collected by arthrocentesis, and endoscopic gastric mucosal biopsy specimens. Thromboxane B2(TXB2) was evaluated in blood on days 0, 7, and 21 of each treatment period.Results—Aspirin administration significantly suppressed PGE2concentrations in blood, gastric mucosa, synovial fluid, and suppressed TXB2concentration in blood at days 7 and 21. Meloxicam administration significantly suppressed PGE2concentrations in blood and synovial fluid at days 7 and 21, but had no effect on concentrations of TXB2 in blood or PGE2in gastric mucosa. Suppression of LPS-stimulated PGE2concentrations in blood and synovial fluid by aspirin and meloxicam administration is consistent with activity against the COX-2 isoenzyme. Suppression of concentrations of PGE2in the gastric mucosa and TXB2in blood by aspirin administration is consistent with activity against COX-1. Meloxicam, in contrast, had a minimal effect on functions mediated by COX-1.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Meloxicam acts in vivo in dogs as a COX-1 sparing drug on target tissues by sparing gastric PGE2synthesis while retaining antiprostaglandin effects within inflamed joints. (Am J Vet Res2002;63:1527–1531)
Safety and immunologic effects after inoculation of inactivated and combined live-inactivated dermatophytosis vaccines in cats
Authors: DeBoer Douglas J. , Moriello Karen A. , Blum Jenifer L. , Volk Lynn M. , Bredahl Lars K. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine antidermatophyte immunologic effects of an experimental combined live-inactivated dermatophytosis vaccine (CLIDV) and a commercial inactivated dermatophytosis vaccine (IDV) in cats and to evaluate adverse effects associated with administration of these vaccines.Animals—20 healthy juvenile domestic shorthair cats.Procedure—Cats were injected with 2 doses of CLIDV at the standard dosage or 1 dose of CLIDV at 10 times the standard dosage; IDV was administered at the manufacturer-recommended dosage. Cats were observed for illness and reactions at inoculation sites. Periodically, samples were obtained for fungal culture, lymphocyte blastogenesis test (LBT) as an indicator of cell-mediated immunity against dermatophyte antigens, and antidermatophyte IgG titers. Following vaccination, cats were challenge-exposed by topical application ofMicrosporum canismacroconidia and examined weekly for clinical signs of dermatophytosis.Results—6 of 10 cats given CLIDV developed focal crusts at the injection site that resolved without treatment; these were areas of dermatophyte infection with the vaccine strain. Antidermatophyte IgG titers increased significantly with all vaccination protocols. Cellular immunity againstM canisincreased slightly and variably during the vaccination period and did not differ significantly between vaccinated and control cats. All cats developed dermatophyte infection after challenge exposure. Vaccination with CLIDV or IDV was associated with slightly reduced severity of initial infection.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Inoculation with IDV or CLIDV did not provide prophylactic immunity against topical challenge exposure withM canis. Inoculation with either vaccine did not provide a more rapid cure of an established infection. (Am J Vet Res2002;63:1532–1537)
Scanning electron microscopy of vascular corrosion casts and histologic examination of pulmonary microvasculature in dogs with dirofilariosis
Authors: Ninomiya Hiroyoshi , Wakao Yoshito 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To characterize structural changes in pulmonary
vessels of dogs with dirofilariosis.

Animals—8 dogs with dirofilariosis and 2 unaffected
control dogs.

Procedure—Pulmonary artery pressure was measured
in affected dogs, and dogs then were euthanatized.
Scanning electron microscopy was used to
examine vascular corrosion casts of pulmonary vasculature.
Tissue sections of pulmonary vasculature
were evaluated by use of histologic examination.

Results—Pulmonary artery pressure was higher in
dogs with severely affected pulmonary vessels. In tissue
sections, dilatation, as well as lesions in the tunica
intima and proliferative lesions resulting in constriction
or obstruction, were frequently observed in
branches of the pulmonary artery. Numerous dilated
bronchial arteries were observed around affected pulmonary
arteries. Hyperplastic venous sphincters
were observed in small pulmonary veins and venules.
In corrosion casts, affected pulmonary lobar arteries
had dilatation, pruning, abnormal tapering, constriction,
and obstruction. In small arteries and arterioles,
surface structures representing aneurisms and
edema were seen. Bronchial arteries were well developed
and extremely dilated, and they formed numerous
anastomoses with pulmonary arteries at all levels,
from the pulmonary trunk to peripheral vessels.
Capillaries in the lungs were dilated with little structural
change. Small pulmonary veins and venules had
irregular annular constrictions that were caused by
hyperplastic smooth muscle cells of venous sphincters.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Scanning
electron microscopy of microvascular casts delineated
links between the bronchial and pulmonary circulations
in dogs with dirofilariosis. Results of scanning
electron microscopy provided a structural explanation
for the development of pulmonary circulatory disturbances
and pulmonary hypertension in dogs affected
by dirofilariosis. (Am J Vet Res 2002:63:1538–1544)
Quantitative assessment of nociception in horses by use of the nociceptive withdrawal reflex evoked by transcutaneous electrical stimulation
Authors: Spadavecchia Claudia , Spadavecchia Luciano , Andersen Ole K. , Arendt-Nielsen Lars , Leandri Massimo , Schatzmann Urs 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objectives—To evoke and measure the nociceptive
withdrawal reflex (NWR) by use of electromyographic
recordings and to score the behavioral nociceptive
responses to electrical pulses in standing nonsedated
horses.

Animals—10 adult horses.

Procedure—The lateral palmar digital nerve of the forelimb
was transcutaneously stimulated, and surface
electromyographic responses were recorded from the
ulnaris lateralis, extensor carpi radialis, and common
digital extensor muscles. Stimuli consisted of a 25-millisecond
train of 5 constant-current pulses delivered by
a computer-controlled stimulator. The 80- to 250-milliseconds
poststimulation interval was analyzed to
detect the NWR. The current intensity was increased in
steps of 0.5 mA until the NWR threshold intensity (It)
was reached. The stimulus at It was repeated twice.
Latency and amplitude of the NWR, together with the
behavioral reaction of horses, were analyzed. The latter
was scored according to a scale from 0 (no reaction) to
5 (vigorous reaction). Finally, 3 suprathreshold stimuli at
1.2 × It were analyzed.

Results—The median It to elicit NWR was 2.5 mA.
Median onset latency of the NWR was 96.0 milliseconds
at It and 89.6 milliseconds for suprathreshold
stimuli. The amplitude of the reflexes was higher for
suprathreshold stimulations, and behavioral reactions
were slightly stronger when stimulus intensity
increased.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results of our
study indicate that it is possible to record NWR in conscious
standing horses, to define a reflex threshold,
and to measure reflexes in response to increasing
stimulus intensity. (Am J Vet Res 2002;63:1551–1556)
Evaluation of intravenous administration of meloxicam for perioperative pain management following stifle joint surgery in dogs
Authors: Budsberg Steven C. , Cross Alan R. , Quandt Jane E. , Pablo Luisito S. , Runk Alice R. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To compare preoperative administration of meloxicam and butorphanol to perioperative administration of butorphanol alone for control of postoperative signs of pain in dogs.Animals—40 client-owned dogs scheduled for surgical repair of a cranial cruciate ligament rupture.Procedure—Group-1 dogs received butorphanol (0.2 mg/kg, IV) and meloxicam (0.2 mg/kg, IV) just prior to surgery. Group-2 dogs received butorphanol just prior to surgery (0.2 mg/kg, IV) and at incision closure (0.1 mg/kg, IV). Pain assessment began 1 to 2 hours before surgery and from extubation until 24 hours after surgery by obtaining the following measurements: the visual analog scale (VAS) score, cumulative pain score (CPS), adjusted cumulative pain score, modified cumulative pain score, and the adjusted modified cumulative pain score (AMCPS). Serum cortisol concentration was measured between 12 to 24 and between 1 to 2 hours prior to surgery, and at 30 minutes, and 1, 2, 4, 8, 18, and 24 hours after extubation.Results—No significant differences between treatment groups were observed in CPS or VAS score. At 8, 9, 10, and 11 hours after extubation, meloxicambutorphanol- treated dogs had a significantly lower AMCPS, compared with butorphanol-alone-treated dogs. Total serum cortisol concentration (area under the curve) during the measurement period was significantly lower in meloxicam-butorphanol-treated dogs, compared with butorphanol-alone treated dogs.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Preoperative single dose administration of meloxicam-butorphanol is equivalent to or slightly better than the administration of 2 perioperative doses of butorphanol for the control of postoperative signs of pain in dogs. (Am J Vet Res2002;63:1557–1563)
Factors regulating collagen synthesis and degradation during second-intention healing of wounds in the thoracic region and the distal aspect of the forelimb of horses
Authors: Schwartz Anne J. , Wilson David A. , Keegan Kevin G. , Ganjam Venkataseshu K. , Sun Yao , Weber Karl T. , Zhang Jiakun 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine significant molecular and cellular factors responsible for differences in secondintention healing in thoracic and metacarpal wounds of horses.Animals—6 adult mixed-breed horses.Procedure—A full-thickness skin wound on the metacarpus and another such wound on the pectoral region were created, photographed, and measured, and tissue was harvested from these sites weekly for 4 weeks. Gene expression of type-I collagen, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 were determined by quantitative in situ hybridization. Myofibroblasts were detected by immunohistochemical labeling with α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). Collagen accumulation was detected by use of picrosirius red staining. Tissue morphology was examined by use of H&E staining.Results—Unlike thoracic wounds, forelimb wounds enlarged during the first 2 weeks. Myofibroblasts, detected by week 1, remained abundant with superior organization in thoracic wounds. Type-I collagen mRNA accumulated progressively in both wounds. More type-I collagen and TGF-β1 mRNA were seen in forelimb wounds. Volume of MMP-1 mRNA decreased from day 0 in both wounds. By week 3, TIMP-1 mRNA concentration was greater in thoracic wounds.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Greater collagen synthesis in metacarpal than thoracic wounds was documented by increased concentrations of myofibroblasts, type-I collagen mRNA, TGF-β1 mRNA, and decreased collagen degradation (ie, MMP-1). Imbalanced collagen synthesis and degradation likely correlate with development of exuberant granulation tissue, delaying healing in wounds of the distal portions of the limbs. Factors that inhibit collagen synthesis or stimulate collagenase may provide treatment options for horses with exuberant granulation tissue. (Am J Vet Res2002;63:1564–1570)
Effect of oxytocin treatment in sows on umbilical cord morphology, meconium staining, and neonatal mortality of piglets
Authors: Mota-Rojas Daniel , Martínez-Burnes Julio , Trujillo-Ortega Maria Elena , Alonso-Spilsbury Ma. Lourdes , Ramírez-Necoechea Ramiro , López Alfonso 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To evaluate the effect of 2 oxytocin products administered to sows at the onset of fetal expulsion on the integrity of umbilical cords, meconium staining, and piglet mortality.Animals—2099 neonatal pigs.Procedure—180 parturient sows were randomly assigned to 3 stratified groups of 60 sows each. Two groups of sows were injected IM at the onset of fetal expulsion with 1 of 2 oxytocin commercial products (20, 40, or 50 U for sows weighing 120 to 150 kg, 151 to 250 kg, or ≥ 251 kg, respectively). Control sows were treated IM with saline (0.9% NaCl) solution. Farrowing time, expulsion intervals, and numbers of stillborn and liveborn piglets were recorded for each sow. Piglets were evaluated for inspiratory effort, heart rates, and degree of meconium staining of skin (nonstained, and moderately or severely stained). Umbilical cords were classified as normal in appearance, edematous, congested, hemorrhagic, or ruptured.Results—Oxytocin-treated sows had a significant decrease in farrowing time and expulsion intervals and also had a significantly higher number of stillborn piglets per litter, compared with control sows. The number of piglets per litter with ruptured and hemorrhagic umbilical cords was significantly greater in oxytocin- treated sows, compared with control sows. In near-death stillborn piglets, oxytocin treatment significantly decreased inspiratory efforts at birth and increased the rate and severity of meconium staining, compared with saline treatment.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Oxytocin given to sows at the onset of fetal expulsion significantly increases the rate of fetal distress, anoxia, and intrapartum death in piglets. (Am J Vet Res2002;63:1571–1574)
Comparison of serologic tests for detection of Brucella infections in cattle and water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis)
Authors: Fosgate Geoffrey T. , Adesiyun Abiodun A. , Hird David W. , Johnson Wesley O. , Hietala Sharon K. , Schurig Gerhardt G. , Ryan Joseph 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To estimate sensitivity and specificity of
4 commonly used brucellosis screening tests in cattle
and domestic water buffalo of Trinidad, and to compare
test parameter estimates between cattle and
water buffalo.

Animals—391 cattle and 381 water buffalo.

Procedure—4 Brucella-infected herds (2 cattle and 2
water buffalo) and 4 herds (2 of each species) considered
to be brucellosis-free were selected. A minimum
of 100 animals, or all animals > 1 year of age, were
tested from each herd. Serum samples were evaluated
for Brucella-specific antibodies by use of standard
plate agglutination test (SPAT), card test (CT),
buffered plate agglutination test (BPAT), and standard
tube agglutination test (STAT). A Bayesian approach
was used to estimate sensitivity and specificity of
diagnostic tests without the use of a gold standard,
assuming conditional independence of tests.

Results—Sensitivity and specificity estimates in cattle,
respectively, were SPAT, 66.7 and 98.9; CT, 72.7
and 99.6; BPAT, 88.1 and 98.1; and STAT, 80.2 and
99.3. Corresponding test estimates in water buffalo,
respectively, were SPAT, 51.4 and 99.3; CT, 90.4 and
99.4; BPAT, 96.3 and 90.7; and STAT, 75.0 and 98.8.
Sensitivity of the CT and specificity of the BPAT were
different between cattle and water buffalo with at
least 95% probability.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Brucellosis
serologic test performance varied by species tested,
but BPAT had the highest sensitivity for screening cattle
and water buffalo. Sensitivity and specificity of
more than 2 screening tests can be estimated simultaneously
without a gold standard by use of Bayesian
techniques. (Am J Vet Res 2002;63:1598–1605)