bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CASTRATION-INDUCED OBESITY IN MICE.
Authors: Hausberger Franz X. , Hausberger Brigitte C. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Body composition and histology of the adrenal cortex and the islets of Langerhans were compared in yellow-obese mice, their intact non-obese littermates and their castrated, originally non-obese littermates. In our colony, yellow females were heavier and fatter than males. Obesity developed in yellow mice of both sexes which were fed a commercial diet containing 12% fat. The extractable body fat of the yellow animals was more than twice as high as that of controls. The fat content of gonadectomized animals was significantly higher than that of the yellow obese mice although their average body weight was slightly less. The adrenal cortex of the castrates showed subcapsular hypertrophy, and the islets of the pancreas were enlarged due to hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the beta cells. The literature concerning obesity and adrenal cortical and islet changes, after castration, has been reviewed and the thesis has been discussed that cortical changes after castration stimulate accelerated release of insulin and obesity.
VASCULAR CONNECTIVE TISSUE UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF OESTROGENS.
Authors: Lorenzen J. , Headings V. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The reaction of the aortic wall to noradrenaline-induced injury in female and male rabbits was compared. The male rabbits showed the most extensive gross and microscopic lesions in aortae and simultaneously the greatest changes in the arterial systolic blood pressure, following injections of noradrenaline. Nevertheless the female aortae revealed the most marked biochemical changes in the mucopolysaccharides, reflecting a more vigorous repair-activity. This difference may indicate a greater healing-power of the vascular connective tissue in the female aorta than of that in the male aorta.
ANABOLIC-ANDROGENIC ACTIVITY OF A-RING MODIFIED ANDROSTANE DERIVATIVES.
Authors: Nutting E. F. , Klimstra P. D. , Counsell R. E. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The oral activity of 34 steroids administered by stomach catheter was evaluated in castrated rats using the weights of the seminal vesicle glands and ventral lobe of the prostate glands as independent parameters of androgenicity and the weight of the levator ani muscle was used as an index of anabolic activity. 17α-Methyltestosterone was used as the reference standard. A study of various modifications of the A-ring revealed that biological activity was consistent with any one of several distinct changes and did not appear to be related to the electron density in any specific position in the A-ring. Nineteen of the steroids were more potent anabolically than the standard and the eight most active analogues had relative myotrophic potencies ranging from 420–1200% and myotrophic to androgenic ratios ranging from 4.1 to 9.3, respectively. Both saturated and unsaturated 17α-methyl derivatives were represented in this latter group. In general, the most potent compounds anabolically were also among the most active androgenically. Estimates of androgenic potency obtained from the seminal vesicle response were similar to those obtained from the ventral prostate response. The most active anabolic compound (1200%) was the 2-dehydro derivative of 17α-methyl-5α-androstan-17β-ol. The widest separation between anabolic and androgenic activities, myotrophic to androgenic ratio of 9.3, was produced with the 2-dehydro-1α-methyl derivative.
IMMUNOLOGICAL REACTIVITY OF INSULIN IN HUMAN SERUM
Authors: Deckert Torsten , Jorgensen Kai R. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to investigate whether a difference could be demonstrated between crystalline insulin extracted from normal human pancreas, and crystalline insulin extracted from bovine and porcine pancreas. Using Hales & Randle's (1963) immunoassay no immunological differences could be demonstrated between human and pig insulin. On the other hand, a significant difference was found, between pig and ox insulin.
An attempt was also made to determine whether an immunological difference could be demonstrated between crystalline pig insulin and crystalline human insulin from non diabetic subjects on the one hand and endogenous, circulating insulin from normal subjects, obese subjects and diabetic subjects on the other. No such difference was found. From these experiments it is concluded that endogenous insulin in normal, obese and diabetic human sera is immunologically identical with human, crystalline insulin from non diabetic subjects and crystalline pig insulin.
LACK OF PLACENTAL TRANSFER OF HUMAN GROWTH HORMONE
Authors: Laron Z. , Pertzelan A. , Mannheimer S. , Goldman J. , Guttmann S. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Fourteen healthy women were given intravenous injections of either high doses of non-labelled or tracer doses of 131I-labelled human growth hormone (HGH) between 270 and 10 minutes before delivery. The concentration of HGH in the plasma was followed at intervals up to delivery and then in the cord plasma and newborn infant. Both methods of study showed that growth hormone is not transferred from the mother to the foetus. An additional finding was the shortened biological half life (t½) of 131I-HGH in the women at delivery as compared to that in normal adults or adolescents.
HYDROXYPROLINE IN HEALING DERMAL WOUNDS OF NORMAL AND HYPOTHYROID RATS
Authors: Kowalewski K. , Yong S. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Various fractions of hydroxyproline were determined in surgical dermal wounds and in the intact skin of normal and hypothyroid rats. Hypothyroidism was induced by feeding the animals for five months with thiouracil containing diet (0.3%). Fourteen day old wounds and samples of intact skin were processed by the extractive chemical method used for the study of tissue collagen. Significant increase of a saline-extractable. and total soluble hydroxyproline, and reduction of insoluble fraction was found in the normal wound. This was considered due to the vigorous biosynthesis of collagen. Such a synthesis was previously found by histological methods in the wounds of the same age in rats. No evidence of the synthesis of new collagen was found in the wounds of hypothyroid rats in which saline-extractable and total soluble fractions of hydroxyproline did not significantly increase during the healing process. Insoluble fractions were higher in the wounds of hypothyroid rats than in normal control animals. It was concluded that biosynthesis, solubility, and overall metabolism of collagen in hypothyroid rats is deficient, under the conditions of this experiment.
PROGESTERON IM MENSCHLICHEN UTERUSMUSKEL WÄHREND DER SCHWANGERSCHAFT
Authors: Zander Josef , Runnebaum Benno 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
In pooled extracts of 233.6 g of human myometrium obtained during 73 caesarian-sections progesterone was identified and quantitated. The quantitative determinations were carried out with four different methods. 1. gaschromatographic determination of free progesterone, 2. UV-spectro-photometric determination of free progesterone, 3. gaschromatographic determination of monochloroacetates of progesterone after enzymatic reduction with 20β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, 4. isotope derivative analysis by formation of the acetate with 1-14C-acetic-anhydride after enzymatic reduction with 20β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase.
In the last month of pregnancy the mean progesterone concentration in 9 pooled extracts of myometrium from 11 determinations was 0.16 μg ± 0.06 μg per g of myometrium. In 41 g of myometrium of a single uterus obtained in the fourth month of pregnancy the progesterone concentration was 0.09 μg per g of myometrium.
The identification of progesterone was based on the following criteria: 1. ultraviolet absorption, 2. behaviour in paper- and thin-layer-chromatography, 3. retention times in gas-liquid chromatography with argon ionisation and electron capture detectors, 4. formation of derivates after enzymatic reduction with 20β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, 5. proof of radiochemical purity of the 14C-labeled derivative of progesterone from myometrium.
THE CONVERSION OF DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE-7α-3H TO OESTROGENS BY CORPORA LUTEA OF EARLY HUMAN PREGNANCY
Authors: Flickinger George L. , Wu Chung-Hsiu , Touchstone Joseph C. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Incubation of two corpora lutea of early human pregnancy in the presence of dehydroepiandrosterone-7α-3H resulted in a 33—44% yield of oestrone plus 17β-oestradiol. The major oestrogen formed in homogenate preparations was oestrone while in a slice preparation it was 17β-oestradiol. Oestrone and 17β-oestradiol were characterized by solvent partition, paper chromatography and crystallization to constant specific activity after addition of carrier. Acetates of the crystallized oestrogens had the same specific activities as the parent steroids and these derivatives were further identified by thin layer chromatography. These results suggest that dehydroepiandrosterone may serve as a major precursor for oestrogen biosynthesis by human corpus luteum of early pregnancy.
OESTROGENS IN CONGENITAL ADRENAL HYPERPLASIA
Authors: Goldzieher Joseph W. , Boyd F. G. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Urinary oestrogen excretion was studied in 11 subjects with congenital adrenal hyperplasia, including 7 children and 3 castrates. Oestrogen excretion was significantly elevated in older children and adults, and could be decreased by adrenal suppression with steroids. In one adult castrate, oestrogen excretion was raised by corticotrophin administration but unaltered by 30 000 IU of human chorionic gonadotrophin. Isotope studies showed oestrone production rates up to 760 μg/day and oestradiol production rates up to 221 μg/day. There was a considerable discrepancy between these dynamic measurements and the levels of urinary oestrogen excretion. No peripheral conversion of dehydroepiandrosterone to oestrogen could be demonstrated, while androstenedione was aromatized to the extent of 0.7% in one adult castrate. The data suggest that de novo secretion of adrenal oestrogen occurs in some cases.
ALDOSTERONE STIMULATION IN VITRO
Authors: Müller Jürg , Weick W. Joe 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The effect of rat serum and serum fractions on biosynthesis of aldosterone, corticosterone and deoxycorticosterone was investigated by a previously described in vitro assay procedure, using adrenal sections from rats which had been kept on a sodium-deficient diet. Addition of small amounts of serum to the incubation medium significantly stimulated aldosterone and deoxycorticosterone production. An almost linear log-dose/response curve was obtained over a 1:100 concentration range. Stimulation of corticosterone biosynthesis was observed only at high concentrations of serum. Whereas most of the aldosterone- and deoxycorticosterone-stimulating activities were dialysable, most of the corticosterone-stimulating activity remained in the non-dialysable fraction. Ion-exchange and gel filtration chromatography indicated that the unknown dialysable aldosterone-stimulating substance was different from the known aldosterone-stimulating agents, i. e. angiotensin II and monovalent cations.
RADIOACTIVE SUBSTRATE DISAPPEARANCE ASSAYS IN STEROID ENZYMOLOGY: THE EFFECTS OF PITUITARY TROPHINS AND OESTRADIOL ON THE FINAL STEPS OF ANDROGEN BIOSYNTHESIS
Authors: Loutfi George I. , Hagerman Dwain D. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
An assessment of the feasibility and advantages of measurement of substrate disappearance for assays of enzyme activity in steroid metabolism was made, and the method was shown to be of wide applicability when certain conditions are met. The method was tested by application to the final steps of androgen biosynthesis by rat testis microsomes. and it was found that chronic treatment of the animal with large doses of LH prior to isolation of the enzyme preparation decreased the activity in this tissue of progesterone-17-hydroxylase, 17α-hydroxy-20-carbonyl cleavage enzyme and 17β-hydroxysteroid (testosterone) dehydrogenase. Oestradiol administration caused a less marked decrease in hydroxylase and dehydrogenase activity without effect on the cleavage enzyme, while FSH administration did not greatly alter the activity of these three enzymes. Chronic TSH administration gave results similar to those obtained with oestradiol.
FORMS OF INSULIN-LIKE ACTIVITY AT DIFFERENT SITES OF THE CIRCULATION IN DOGS
Authors: Lyngsøe Jens , Adams Levi C. , Field Richard A. , Greep Jacobus M. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
1.
Suppressible serum insulin-like activity (SILA), non-suppressible SILA and the insulin-like activity (ILA) levels of the A (albumin-alpha 1 globulins) and B (beta-gamma globulins) fractions have been quantitated in different sites of the circulation of intact anaesthetized dogs. Higher suppressible SILA was found in the pancreaticoduodenal vein than in the femoral artery. 10 minutes after the intravenous administration of glucose an increase was noted in suppressible SILA in all sites sampled. No difference was detected in non-suppressible SILA in the femoral artery and the pancreaticoduodenal vein and the values in the femoral artery and the femoral vein were found to be equivalent. After the administration of glucose, lower values were found in the portal vein than in a hepatic vein, while in the fasting state the values in these two vessels were not different. The ILA of the A fractions was found to be lower in the femoral vein than in the femoral artery, and after the administration of glucose a tendency to higher values in the pancreaticoduodenal vein than in the femoral artery was noted.
5. After the administration of glucose the ILA of the B fraction was found to be higher in the pancreaticoduodenal vein than in the femoral artery. The investigation suggested that after the administration of glucose, the ILA of the B fraction was lower in the hepatic vein than in the portal vein.
6. Investigation of immunologically determined insulin showed lower values in the femoral vein than in the femoral artery.
7. The ILA of the A and B fractions was not increased after the oxygenation of the venous blood.
PITUITARY-ADRENAL ACTIVATION IN RATS WITH HEREDITARY HYPOTHALAMIC DIABETES INSIPIDUS
Authors: Arimura Akira , Saito Takashige , Bowers Cyril Y. , Schally Andrew V. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Pituitary adrenal activation in rats with hereditary hypothalamic diabetes insipidus (DI) and normal control rats (Brattleboro strain) was studied under various conditions. Plasma corticosterone concentration was essentially the same in resting DI and control rats. No significant difference in plasma corticosterone was observed after giving the animals ether, histamine, vasopressin or acetylcholine. Since DI rats lack vasopressin, these findings provide some evidence that vasopressin is unlikely to be the physiological corticotrophin releasing factor (CRF). Epinephrine induced a smaller increase in plasma corticosterone in DI rats than control animals, but the difference was not statistically significant. However, intraperitoneal injection of 0.9% saline resulted in significantly less elevation of plasma corticosterone in DI rats than normal. This suggests certain differences in responses between normal and DI rats depending upon the intensity or nature of the stress. Hypothalamic CRF in control and DI rats was determined using rats treated with chlorpromazine, morphine and Nembutal®. The CRF of hypothalami of DI rats was about half of that of control animals. In the extracts of posterior pituitary lobes, corticotrophin (ACTH) activity was found in almost the same amount in DI and control rats. The posterior pituitary lobe of DI rats lacked CRF activity when tested in neurohypophysectomized rats. Histological examination of the adrenals of DI rats revealed normal structure, suggesting normal ACTH secretion at rest.
THE FAILURE OF THE PINEAL GLAND REMOVAL IN NEONATAL ANIMALS TO INFLUENCE REPRODUCTION
Authors: Kind Fred A. , Benagiano G. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
One and five day old male and female rats were pinealectomized and their reproductive function studied when they matured. In females the fertility index was similar to untreated or sham operated groups. However, the females matured 8 to 9 days earlier as evidenced by the opening of the vaginal membrane. In males pinealectomy had no influence on testes development and accessory sex tissue weights. It is concluded that the regulatory function of the pineal gland with respect to gonadal function is a minor one.
FORMATION OF EPITESTOSTERONE BY HUMAN BLOOD AND ADRENAL TISSUE
Authors: Blaquier Jorge , Dorfman Ralph I. , Forchielli Enrico 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Whole peripheral venous blood from normal men and women, and from females with idiopathic hirsutism was incubated in vitro with labelled testosterone, androstenedione and dehydroepiandrosterone. Epitestosterone was formed consistently from added testosterone, in some cases from androstenedione but not from dehydroepiandrosterone. The rate of formation of epitestosterone from testosterone by blood of normal men and women is similar, whereas the rate of formation in blood from female idiopathic hirsutes was several fold greater. In a similar manner, normal human adrenal tissue also formed epitestosterone from added testosterone but not from androstenedione nor dehydroepiandrosterone. These results suggest that the origin of urinary epitestosterone can be the resultant of both peripheral production and endocrine gland secretion.
HEMMUNG VON TESTOSTERONABHÄNGIGEN DIFFERENZIERUNGSVORGÄNGEN DER MÄNNLICHEN RATTE NACH DER GEBURT
Authors: Neumann F. , Hahn J. D. , Kramer M. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Male newborn rats were injected with 2 mg of an antiandrogen (1,2α-methylene-6-chloro-pregna-4,6-dien-17α-ol-3,20-dione-17α-acetate = cyproterone acetate) daily from their 1st to their 14th day of life.
The following effects of this treatment were observed in these animals after onset of sexual maturity:
84% of the animals are unable to reproduce. Penis: the frenulum is broadened to a lamina of triangular shape, which almost completely prevents the preputium from being pushed back. These males show a rather insufficient male sexual behaviour towards females in oestrus. After castration and ovar implantation, some of the treated animals show true corpora lutea and at attempts of cohabitation partially female sexual behaviour towards normal male animals.
From these results it can be concluded, that differentiation of the penis is not completed at the time of birth. The infertility of the animals may be caused by the penile changes (difficulties with intromission) as well as by the aimless sexual behaviour. This aimless sexual behaviour, the ability to produce true corpora lutea and finally their partially female sexual attitude under the influence of the hormones from the implanted ovaries led to the conclusion, that the above described neonatal treatment apparently inhibited testosterone-depending post partum developments of sexual differentiation in hypothalamic centers.
DECIDUOMAL RESPONSE IN OVARIECTOMIZED PSEUDOPREGNANT RATS GIVEN OESTRONE AND PROGESTERONE
Authors: Harper M. J. K. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The deciduomal response to uterine trauma in rats ovariectomized on day 2 or 4 of pseudopregnancy and given oestrone, 1 μg, progesterone, 2 mg, on various days thereafter has been compared with that in intact pseudopregnant controls. Trauma was effected by inserting a sterile silk thread into the lumen of one uterine horn of each animal on day 5 of pseudopregnancy and the response was evaluated at autopsy on day 9**.
Significant differences in response were observed between rats ovariectomized on days 2 and 4, respectively, of pseudopregnancy. Progesterone whether given alone or with oestrone to rats ovariectomized on day 2 of pseudopregnancy produced an increase in weight of the traumatized horn not significantly smaller than that produced in intact controls. In animals given progesterone alone, however, the ratio of weight of the traumatized to untraumatized horns (T/U) was significantly smaller than control. In animals ovariectomized on day 4 of pseudopregnancy a different situation obtained. Progesterone alone from ovariectomy to autopsy produced only a moderate increase in the weight of the traumatized horn and a ratio T/U half that seen in control animals. Thus, in such animals both oestrone, given at least on day 4, and progesterone were needed to produce a deciduomal response not different from control.
SEX DIFFERENCES OF THE RESPONSE OF THE ADRENAL GLAND OF THE RAT TO MESENCEPHALIC LESIONS
Authors: Reissenweber N. J. , Domínguez R. , Griñó E. , Sás J. , Benedetti W. L. , Appeltauer L. C. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The pituitary-adrenal system of adult rats of both sexes bearing small bilateral electrolytic lesions in the periaqueductal gray matter of the mesencephalon (PGM) was studied.
Female animals showed a significant increase in the weight of the adrenal gland and in the number of mitoses; there was a marked diminution of histochemically detectable alkaline phosphatases and variations in simple esterases, neutral fats and cholesterol. Conversely, male animals with similar nervous lesions did not show adrenal hypertrophy or changes in its mitotic count and only slight variations in the lipid content.
The administration of small doses of oestradiol dipropionate (2 μg/rat/d) to male induced slight changes in only some of the parameters studied. When oestrogen was given to animals bearing lesions in the PGM, a significantly larger adrenal hypertrophy was obtained than in the preceding case, but with an increase of capillary alkaline phosphatases.
These results suggest that the central neural control of corticotrophin secretion in the rat is different in both sexes and that oestrogen could be one of the factors involved in such a difference.
AN UNUSUAL CASE OF VITAMIN D TOXICITY
Authors: Sterling F. H. , Rupp J. J. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A case of marked sensitivity to vitamin D, is discussed. The reason for the occurrence of hypercalcaemic crisis three weeks after the beginning of treatment with 100 000 units of vitamin D is unknown. The possibility that either lack of thyrocalcitonin or synergism with a tumour produced parathormone-like substance played a role in the hypersensitivity to calciferol is suggested. The important but rarely reported electrocardiographic pattern of extreme hypercalcaemia was noted.
CHANGES IN BODY COMPOSITION AFTER THERAPEUTICALLY INDUCED REMISSION IN 12 CASES OF CUSHING'S SYNDROME
Authors: Ernest Ingrid 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Exchangeable potassium (Ke) and total body water (TBW) were determined before treatment and 5–46 months after therapeutically induced remission in 12 cases of Cushing's syndrome. In six patients, Ke was determined repeatedly after treatment. From these measurements changes in body cell mass (BCM), body fat and in the volume of extracellular water (ECW) were estimated.
BCM increased in all cases but two and this increase was most marked in the patients who showed muscular wasting. This increase often developed slowly and was probably related to physical activity. In six patients suffering from severe Cushing's syndrome, the increase in BCM varied between 1.7–6.9 kg (mean 3.5 kg). Body fat decreased on an average by 6.1 kg. Before treatment, the patients looked obese but the overweight was moderate in relation to height.
The calculated ECW did not change significantly in most cases. Only in one case was considerable overhydration present in the absence of heart disease. Significant intracellular deficit of potassium was probably not present in this series of patients.
ISOLATION OF 15α-HYDROXYOESTRADIOL FROM HUMAN PREGNANCY URINE
Authors: Lisboa B. P. , Goebelsmann U. , Diczfalusy E. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
From the ether extract of a pool of 100 litres of acid hydrolyzed late pregnancy urine some 5 mg of 15α-hydroxyoestradiol (oestra-1,3,5(10)-triene-3,15α,17β-triol) have been isolated.