bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of Implantation of Ions Ba<sup>+</sup> on the Composition and Electronic Structure of Silicate Glasses
Authors: Tashmukhamedova D. A. , Urokov A. N. , Abdurakhmanov G. , Umirzakov B. E. 
Published: April 2024

In this work, using the methods of Auger electron spectroscopy, ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy and light absorption spectroscopy, the influence of the implantation of Ba+ ions into silicate glass and subsequent annealing on the composition, density of electronic states and parameters of energy bands was investigated. It has been shown that nonstoichiometric oxides Si, Pb, and Ba, as well as unbound atoms of the same elements, are formed in the ion-implanted layer after ion implantation. As a result, there is a significant change in the electronic structure of silicate glass, in particular, the band gap decreases by ∼2 eV. After annealing at T = 1000 K, unbound Si, Pb, and Ba atoms disappear in the ion-implanted layer (within the sensitivity of the Auger electron spectrometer) and stoichiometric oxides such as SiO2, PbO, and BaO are formed.
Thin-Layer InAlPSbAs/InAs Heterostructures: Growth Kinetics, Morphology, Structure
Authors: Lunin L. S. , Lunina M. L. , Alfimova D. L. , Pashchenko A. S. , Pashchenko O. S. , Donskaya A. V. 
Published: April 2024

The results of growing of InAlPSbAs/InAs thin-layer heterostructures by the floating-zone recrystallization with a temperature gradient are discussed. In a model of regular solutions, an analysis of heterophase equilibria in the In–Al–P–Sb–As system is carried out. The growth kinetics is studied as a function of the thickness of the liquid phase (l), and the element concentrations, the substrate temperature (T), and the temperature gradient (G). The growth regimes are investigated and an analysis is carried out for spinodal decompositions of solid solutions. It is shown that the substrate temperature and the temperature gradient have a significant effect on the growth kinetics. Auger electron spectroscopy is used to study the elemental depth profiles of the InAlPSbAs solid solution and show the advantages from liquid phase replenishment to obtain layers of constant composition. The structural perfection of InAlPSbAs solid solutions on an InAs substrate is studied. It is established that the best structural perfection of the layers is achieved at T 873 K, G 20 K/cm, and liquid zone thickness 80 l 120 µm. The surface morphology of InAlPSbAs solid solutions on InAs has been studied by scanning probe microscopy. It is shown that at T 873 K, G 20 K/cm, and liquid zone thickness 80 l 120 µm the root-mean-square surface roughness does not exceed 1 nm.
Project of Scanning and Projection Microscopes for the Nanoscopy Station for Biological Research in the “Water Transparency Window”
Authors: Rakshun Ya. V. , Khomyakov Yu. V. , Chernov V. A. , Shchelokov I. A. , Malyshev I. V. , Pestov A. E. , Polkovnikov V. N. , Reunov D. G. , Toropov M. N. , Chkhalo N. I. 
Published: April 2024

A brief description of the concept of a soft X-ray microscope for the Nanoscopy station is given, which is planned to be installed at the SKIF fourth-generation synchrotron. The microscope will be designed to study the structure of cells and dynamic processes in them with nanometer spatial resolution. It will use a unique absorption contrast of ~15 between carbon-containing structures and water in the spectral range of the “water transparency window”, λ = 2.3–4.3 nm, which eliminates the need for contrasting and the use of fluorophores and minimizes the doses of ionizing radiation absorbed in the samples to obtain high-quality 3D-images. The scanning and projection schemes of the microscope, their main technical characteristics, including the calculated spectra and parameters of the undulator source are presented, and an estimate of the absorbed doses depending on the resolution is obtained. The main advantage of the proposed concept lies in the use of an objective of high-aperture multilayer X-ray mirrors, which makes it possible to clearly visualize the focal section of the sample. Technically simple axial tomography will also be used to reconstruct the three-dimensional structure of frozen or dried samples. In the scanning scheme, due to the low dose of radiation, it will be possible to study living plant cells with a resolution of up to 10 nm, animals with a resolution of up to 80 nm, and cryofixed samples with a resolution of up to 5 nm. In the projection scheme, due to the simultaneous observation of the entire focal XY-section, the time for obtaining three-dimensional images is significantly reduced, but due to the large dose, it will be oriented mainly on the study of fixed samples.
Development of a One-Dimensional Counting Detector for Diffraction Experiments at a Synchrotron Radiation Beam
Authors: Aulchenko V. M. , Glushak A. A. , Zhulanov V. V. , Titov V. M. , Shekhtman L.I. 
Published: April 2024

The article describes a one-coordinate detector for diffraction experiments on a synchrotron radiation beam. The detector is being developed at the Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS. Until recently the Institute was developing gas one-coordinate detectors, in particular a one-coordinate detector with calculated channels OD-3M, based on the technology of multi-wire proportional cameras. To provide a spatial resolution of better than 100 microns at photon energy in a wide energy range (3–30 keV), it is necessary to use solid-state microstrip or matrix sensors in combination with specialized integrated registration circuits. The developed SOCOD detector, using a microstrip sensor based on gallium arsenide as a recording element, operates in the mode of direct counting of photons with an energy of more than 3–4 keV and a speed of up to 1 MHz/channel. The article gives a general description of the current version of the detector, the block diagram of the recording channel, the software that allows users to control the operation of the detector and display the results obtained, and the developed algorithm for leveling the trigger thresholds in the channels. The results of electronic tests, the work of the alignment algorithm and their discussion are presented.
Study of the X-Ray Optical and Mechanical Characteristics of C/Si and B<sub>4</sub>C/Si Multilayer Mirrors
Authors: Smertin R. M. , Barysheva M. M. , Garakhin S. A. , Zorina M. V. , Zuev S. Yu. , Polkovnikov V. N. , Chkhalo N. I. , Radishchev D. B. 
Published: April 2024

The X-ray optical and mechanical properties of dielectric multilayer mirrors based on pairs of C/Si and B4C/Si materials are synthesized and studied. The mirrors are optimized for a wavelength of 13.5 nm. The parameters of the deposition process are found that simultaneously ensure the fulfillment of three conditions: relatively high reflection coefficients at the operating wavelength, near-zero mechanical stresses in the film, and the absence of electrical conductivity. At zero internal stresses, the reflection coefficient of C/Si multilayer mirrors deposited on superpolished silicon substrates at an operating wavelength of 13.5 nm is R = 11%, the spectral bandwidth is Δλ = 0.33 nm. The B4C/Si mirror provides the following characteristics: R = 8.2%, spectral bandwidth Δλ = 0.3 nm. However, blistering has been found in B4C/Si multilayer mirrors, i.e., the appearance of bubbles on the film due to the accumulation of hydrogen inside, which excludes their use for deposition on commercially available microelectromechanical system micromirrors. The deposition of a C/Si coating made it possible for the first time to obtain a workable system that reflects X-rays at an operating wavelength of 13.5 nm. The reflection coefficient is about R ~ 3%. The low value of the reflection coefficient is due to the high, about 1.5 nm, microroughness of the surface of the microelectromechanical system micromirrors. The study performed indicates the fundamental possibility of creating a matrix X-ray optical element for modulating the spatiotemporal characteristics of X-ray beams.
Solution of the One-Dimensional Stefan Problem with Two Transitions for Modelling of the Water Freezing in a Glacial Crevasse
Authors: Popov S. V. 
Published: April 2024

This article presents a numerical solution of the one-dimensional Stefan problem with two phase transitions, which is implemented on a non-uniform grid. The system of equations is written in a general form, i.e. it includes not only conductive, but also convective and dissipative terms. The problem is solved numerically by the front-fixing method on a non-uniform grid using an implicit finite-difference scheme, which is implemented by the sweep method. This algorithm can also be used to create more complex mathematical models of heat and mass transfer, as well as to describe glacial and subglacial processes. The mathematical apparatus proposed in the article was used to solve a specific problem of water freezing in a glacial crevasse. The presence and progression of crevasses, in turn, is a demonstrative factor indicating the dynamic activity of the glacier. Crevasses formed in one way or another can not only expand, but also decrease in size until they completely disappear. One of the reasons for their closure is the freezing of near-surface meltwater in the crevasse. Such a process was observed on glaciers near Mirny and Novolazarevskaya stations (East Antarctica). This process is modeled as an example of solving the Stefan problem. It is believed that all media are homogeneous and isotropic. The temperature of the water in the crevasse corresponds to the melting temperature of the ice. Modeling has shown that for the coastal part of the cold Antarctic glacier with an average temperature of –10°C and below, crevasses 5–10 cm of width freeze in less than a week. Wider ones freeze a little longer. 30 cm wide crevasses close in about two to three weeks, depending on the temperature of the glacier.
Quality of Snow Cover Characteristics Derived from ERA 5-Land Reanalysis for the Territory of Perm Krai
Authors: Kryuchkov A. D. , Kalinin N. A. , Sidorov I. A. 
Published: April 2024

Received March 31, 2023; revised June 6, 2023; accepted June 27, 2023Agreement between values of the mean monthly snow depth provided by the ERA 5-Land reanalysis and similar characteristics of snow cover calculated on the basis of the extended hydrometeorological monitoring performed in the Perm Region for 1990–2020 is analyzed. It was found that ERA 5-Land in 73% of cases reproduces the presence/absence of snow during the onset period, and in 53% – during the period of snow loss. The conclusions made in the authors' previous studies based on more limited material were generally confirmed. It is shown that the reanalysis values of the snow depth are overestimated in relation to instrumental measurements for most of the hydrometeorological stations of the Perm Region. In space, the magnitude of the reanalysis error increases from the southwest to the northeast of the region, with the exception of its central part, where the influence of the Kama water reservoir is perceptible. But the interannual variability of the average snow depth in the Perm Region was reproduced by the ERA 5-Land reanalysis adequately. For 30 years, the magnitude of the reanalysis error decreased as it was compared with 61% observation points. The analysis of seasonal variability showed that in ERA 5-Land time of the maximum snow depth was shifted to earlier onset. The complete coincidence of the seasonal course was recorded only in 5% of hydrometeorological monitoring sites. The value of the average monthly discrepancies between the data of the reanalysis and the information of the posts as a whole exceeds the similar characteristic for the stations, which is especially evident during the period of active snowmelt.
The Periglacial Lake Bretjorna (Ledovoe), Western Svalbard: History of Formation and Recent Sedimentation
Authors: Meshcheriakov N. I. , Kokin O. V. , Usyagina I. S. , Kasatkina N. E. 
Published: April 2024

Received May 15, 2023; revised June 10, 2023; accepted June 27, 2023This paper presents the results of geomorphological, geochronological and lithological investigation of a young sedimentation basin – the periglacial Lake Bretjorna (Ledovoe). Formation of the lake began at the end of the first half of the 20th century in the west of Nordenskiöld Land (Western Svalbard) within the marginal zone of the Grönfjord glacier, after significant degradation of this glacial massif. The present-day look of the lake was formed at the end of the 20th century however its geomorphological development went on until the beginning of the 21st. The filling of the sedimentation basin with limnoglacial sediments began approximately from the 1930s and proceeded with spatial and temporal irregularity. Bottom sediments of the lake presented mainly by silty-pelitic material, but in places with an admixture of gravel and pebbles, were formed as the front of the Grenfjord glacier retreated in the direction from north-east to south-west. At the first stage, sediment-genesis was mainly accomplished by the intra- and subglacial sediments, which entered the lake as a result of thermal erosion at the contact of the lake and ice since the late 1940s until the end of the last century, as the present-day lake basin became ice-free. Sediments formed at this stage are composed by coarser and poorly sorted material, which is typical for glacial deposits. At the second stage, the sediments became less coarse and more sorted. After the loss of contact between the lake and the glacier, the role of intra- and subglacial sediments decreased. At this time, sedimentation in the lake goes on by the runoff of melted glacial waters and atmospheric precipitation falling on the catchment area of the lake. The value of the average sedimentation rate in the lake was determined by means of radioisotope dating according to 210Pb and 137Cs and amounted 5.4 mm/year in the north, 12.4 mm/year in the central part, and 16.4 mm/year in the south of the lake, which is comparable with the data obtained by gravity method using sedimentological traps (12–15 mm/year).
Remote and Radar Investigation of the Left Irbistu Glacier (South Chuisky Mountain Range, Altai Republic)
Authors: Ostanin O. V. , Kobylin S. A. , Dyakova G. S. , Burym R. D. , Patrusheva A. D. , Ramazanova N. E. 
Published: April 2024

Received December 26, 2022; revised June 6, 2023; accepted June 27, 2023To determine changes of glacier No. 31 (SU5A15106031), happened in the beginning of the XXI century, satellite images, obtained from the Landsat-7, 8, 9 and Sentinel-2 satellites in different years, were analyzed. As a result, data on the glacier changes were obtained for the period from 2000 to 2022. During this time, the length of the main stream of the glacier decreased by 144 m (6.8%), and the total area of the entire glacier – by 0.089 km2 (9.7%). The rate of retreat of the glacier front varied from 2 to 15 m/year, on average – 6.5 m/year, and the glacier area decreased by on average of 0.004 km2/year. In 2022, the glacier consisted of two separate ice streams, with a total area of 0.823 km2 and a maximum length of 1.955 km. Aerial photography was carried out using a DJI Phantom 4 quadcopter. A high-resolution orthophotoplan (±5 cm), a digital terrain model, a three-dimensional model of the surface of the glacier tongue and adjacent territories, with a total area of 0.25 km2, were made. Radar sounding was performed by the Python-3 georadar in two configurations: at frequencies 50 and 100 MHz. Two cross-sections of the glacier were constructed from the radar data: one was taken at a frequency of 100 MHz, and the second at both – 50 MHz and 100 MHz. The analysis of the radiogram of these profiles made possible to reveal that the larger thickness of the glacier in the study area was measured along the left side of the glacier tongue, the maximum recorded thickness was equal to 66 m.
ENVIRONMENT DEVELOPMENT AND THE EVOLUTION OF GNILOE LAKE (SOUTH-EASTERN PRIMORYE) DURING THE LAST 3300 YEARS<a href="#FN1"><sup>1</sup></a>
Authors: Lyashchevskaya M. S. , Bazarova V. B. , Makarova T. R. 
Published: April 2024

A continuous record of paleogeographic events in south-eastern Primorye has been reconstructed based on the deposits of Gniloe Lake. The lake is located on the northern coast of Nakhodka Bay. Starting from 3240 cal. BP. 5 warming periods were identified: 3240–2500, 1865–1653, 1330–838, 733–624 cal. BP and from the second half of the 17th century to the present; 4 periods of cooling: 2500–1865, 1653–1330, 838–733 and 624–322 cal. BP; 6 wet periods: 3240–2500, 1865–1653, 1479–1330, 1056–838, 733–624 cal. BP and last 280 years; 5 dry periods: 2500–1865, 1653–1479, 1330–1056, 838–733 and 624–210 cal. BP. According to palynological analysis, the expansion of Pinus koraiensis and dark coniferous species occurred during the second phase of the Mid-Subatlantic cooling of 1479–1330 cal. BP. In the last 150 years, the most significant changes have been associated with the anthropogenic transformation of landscapes as a result of urbanization. The area of forests and their species composition have decreased. At present, shrubs have occupied areas of the deforested oak forests. Based on the results of diatom analysis, 7 stages of the development of Gniloe Lake were identified. There was a shallow semi-open lagoon at a sea level 1–1.5 m higher than the present day about 3240 cal. BP. Cooling and decrease in humidity about 2500 cal. BP led to the formation of a slightly saline semi-enclosed lagoon. Shallowing of the lagoon about 2000 cal. BP was due to a decrease in sea level. Finally, the lagoon separated from the sea about 1450 cal. BP. The transformation of the lagoon into a fresh lake occurred around 1080 cal. BP. During the period of cooling 840–733 cal. BP the shallowing of the lake began, which continued in the Little Ice Age. The increase of the lake level associated with moderate warming and an increase in humidity began at 210 cal. BP. Traces of three catastrophic events were recorded in the sediments of Gniloe Lake – a high-intensity storm about 3000 cal. BP and 2 tsunamis around 2000 and 1560 cal. BP.
STRUCTURE AND ORIGIN OF THE BOTTOM RELIEF OF LAKE CHUKHLOMSKOE (KOSTROMA REGION)<a href="#FN1"><sup>1</sup></a>
Authors: Filippova K. G. , Konstantinov E. A. , Zakharov A. L. , Kuzmenkova N. V. , Medvedev A. A. , Melnikov M. G. 
Published: April 2024

The article discusses the first results of studying the structure of the bottom topography and bottom sediments of Chukhlomskoe Lake (Kostroma Region, Chukhlomsky District). We analyzed the lake bottom topography based on the results of our bathymetric survey and discovered two hollows with maximum depths diverging from the lake’s center towards the city of Chukhloma. The maximum depth inside the hollows (and for the entire lake) reaches 5.4 m, and the average lake depth is 2.2 m. There are two steps seen in the bottom topography; 2.0–2.4 m and 1.5–1.8 m. The bottom sediment structure of Chukhlomskoe Lake was revealed by drilling from the ice with two boreholes (with lengths of 9.45 and 7.45 m, located in the area of background depths and inside the hollow, respectively). Five radiocarbon AMS dates were obtained for the core from the hollow’s bottom. The sedimentary sequences of the pre-Holocene part of both cores show high similarity in structure and depths of the marker horizons identified by a set of lithological analyses. The structure and thickness of Holocene sediments differ significantly. In the area of background depths, the Holocene organo-mineralogenic silt is 3.8 m, and inside the hollow, the thickness of this layer is only 1.45 m. Moreover, hiatuses in sedimentation were documented in the structure of the Holocene sediment inside the hollow. The age of hiatuses, based on the sedimentary model, was estimated as 10.6–5.3 and 4.9–0.06 thousand years ago. A probable mechanism for the origin of hollows is localized erosion caused by wind currents in a highly shallow lake. An additional erosion factor can be the degassing of bottom sediments, which leads to the loosening of the bottom layer of sediments, which makes them susceptible to erosion. The cutoff of sediment erosion inside the hollow coincided in time with the construction of a dam on the Veksa River and a rise in the lake level by 1.0–1.5 m in the 1960s.
DIGITAL-МАРКЕТИНГ: АКТУАЛЬНІ ТЕНДЕНЦІЇ, ВЕКТОРИ РОЗВИТКУ ТА СУЧАСНІ СТРАТЕГІЇ ПРОСУВАННЯ ONLINE-БІЗНЕСУ
Authors: КИРИЧЕНКО Наталя , АЛЄЩЕНКО Людмила 
Published: April 2024

У статті розглянуто останні тенденції у сфері digital-маркетингу та охарактеризовано вектори розвитку і стратегії просування, що забезпечують успішний розвиток online-бізнесу в еру цифрових технологій.
Дослідження присвячене аналізу актуальних тенденцій у сфері digital-маркетингу, визначенню ключових векторів розвитку цього сегменту та розгляду сучасних стратегій просування для ефективного управління online-бізнесом. Зокрема, дослідження охоплює широкий спектр питань, включаючи розширення використання штучного інтелекту та машинного навчання у розробці та впровадженні маркетингових стратегій, адаптацію відео-маркетингу та стрімінгових платформ до нових умов швидко розвиваючого діджиталізованого суспільства, а також впровадження інтерактивних контент-форматів.
Було детально розглянуто глобальні тенденції, такі як глобалізація та міжнародна експансія, важливість мобільного маркетингу та адаптація до новітніх мобільних технологій, а також використання персоналізації та аналізу даних для створення індивідуальних стратегій. Зокрема, освітлюється роль блокчейн-технологій у забезпеченні безпеки та прозорості у digital-маркетингу.
Надано комплексний погляд на різноманітні підходи до просування бізнесу в інтернеті, включаючи інбаунд-маркетинг для привертання цільової аудиторії, використання соціальних мереж для збільшення впливу, оптимізацію платних рекламних кампаній та важливість аналітики для постійного вдосконалення стратегій та визначення показників ефективності.
Зроблено висновок про необхідність постійного апгрейду маркетингових стратегій у зв'язку із швидкозмінюваним цифровим середовищем та визначено ключові аспекти, які можуть служити підґрунтям для подальших досліджень та практичного застосування в галузі digital-маркетингу.
ФАКТОРИ ОЦІНКИ ЯКОСТІ ЗАКЛАДІВ ХАРЧОВОЇ ІНДУСТРІЇ
Authors: ГРИБИК Ігор , СМОЛІНСЬКА Наталя , КОМАРОВСЬКИЙ Володимир 
Published: April 2024

Стаття присвячена оцінюванню якості закладів харчової індустрії - організацій ресторанного бізнесу. Оцінювання якості повинно стати невід’ємною частиною процесного менеджменту на підприємствах ресторанного бізнесу, що в свою чергу дасть можливість переорієнтації цільових критеріїв, надання нового значення функціям управління та окреслення напрямів удосконалення бізнес-процесів підприємств сфери послуг, що сприятиме втіленню їх основних бізнес-цілей.
Для огляду факторів нами проаналізовано ряд публікацій з проблематики якості ресторанного бізнесу. У низ авторитетні автори розглядають фактори впливу на якість даного сегменту бізнесу в Україні. Виокремивши дані фактори ми аналізуємо їх результат на діяльність ресторанного закладу. Окреслені загальні та специфічні, притаманні ресторанному господарству, принципи управління якістю продукту та фактори що впливають на якість, які повинні відображатися у внутрішніх стандартах обслуговування закладу.