bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Glosa do wyroku Naczelnego Sądu Administracyjnego z dnia 29 sierpnia 2023 r. III FSK 423/23
Authors: Koch Przemysław 
Published: February 2025

W konsekwencji wydania 4 lipca 2023 roku wyroku Trybunału Konstytucyjnego, w którym uznano za niezgodny z Konstytucją art. 1a ust. 1 pkt 2 ustawy o podatkach i opłatach lokalnych, pojawiło się wiele problemów związanych z ustaleniem treści norm określających zakres opodatkowania budowli na gruncie wyżej wymienionej ustawy. Jednym z najistotniejszych jest kwestia zastosowania uchylonego przepisu w okresie karencji. Tej problematyki dotyczy wyrok Naczelnego Sądu Administracyjnego w sprawie III FSK 423/23, gdyż zapadłe w nim rozstrzygnięcie zostało oparte na przejściowej normie przewidującej obowiązywanie niekonstytucyjnego przepisu. Możemy znaleźć w nim dookreślenie celu wydania wyroku przez Trybunał Konstytucyjny, jakim było uchylenie niekonstytucyjnej definicji budowli, a nie ograniczenie zakresu przedmiotowego podatku od nieruchomości. Ponadto w glosowanym wyroku sąd zwraca uwagę na sposób, w jaki należy dokonywać wykładni pojęcia budowli w przejściowym stanie prawnym, co ma niebagatelne znaczenie z uwagi na fakt, iż Trybunał w swoim wyroku nie zawarł w tej kwestii żadnych wskazówek. NSA wskazał, że z jednej strony, z uwagi na odroczenie skutku wyroku TK w czasie, uchylony przepis powinien być stosowany w okresie przejściowym, ale z drugiej, nie można udawać, iż nie wiemy o jego niekonstytucyjności. W tym zakresie sąd stwierdził, że należy współstosować uchylony przepis z dorobkiem doktryny i orzecznictwa, a także normami wypływającymi z Konstytucji RP. Wobec powyższego uznałem, że omawiany wyrok zasługuje, aby stać się przedmiotem glosy aprobującej, z uwagi na jego precedensowy charakter i wyznaczenie kierunku, w jakim powinna odbywać się wykładnia norm prawa podatkowego w obowiązującym stanie prawnym.
Familial Hypercholesterolemia: Genetics, Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment - A Literature Overview
Authors: Rutkiewicz Maciej , Przygodzka Sabina , Gadżała Katarzyna , Garbino Karolina , Brudniak Katarzyna , Szuścik Antoni , Czyczerska Magdalena 
Published: February 2025

Familial hypercholesterolemia is a genetic disorder of lipid management, especially LDL-C. It's inherited autosomal dominant in most cases. The illness is characterized by high, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels. According to many researchers, the frequency of prevalence is estimated at 1:200 in the global population. Many studies showed that illness is underdiagnosed and therefore undertreated. There are three known genes coding three different proteins, and changes are in charge of wrong lipid management. These are: LDL-Receptor (LDLR), Apolipoprotein B (ApoB), and Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin 9 (PCSK9). People who are affected by mutation have around thirteen times higher risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) and, in order to that, premature death. Identifying sickness includes a physical examination, when we can observe xanthomas, corneal arcus, or xanthomata, and scales that focus on the patient's as well as his family's past. A definite diagnosis can be approved by genetic testing, which shows a causable mutation.
The main goal in treatment therapy of familial hypercholesterolemia is to reduce the concentration of LDL-C in serum. First of all, patients should know what to do to reduce LDL-C levels. Education is critical for understanding the problem and creating a successful course. Moreover, it is necessary to quit smoking, increase physical activity, and reduce cholesterol, elevating products from diet such as saturated fats and alcohol. Weight reduction is recommended. In addition, pharmacological treatment must be performed. All individuals have statins implemented. In most cases, one drug isn't enough, so therapy containing ezetimib is common. Novel treatments, including monoclonal antibodies (mAb), antisense oligonucleotides (ASO), and PCSK9- inhibitors nowadays, are used with greater frequency and better results, providing higher efficiency in achieving targets.
Therapeutic hypothermia for neonatal hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy in Sub-Saharan Africa: A scoping review
Authors: Buxton-Tetteh Naa A. , Pillay Shakti , Kali Gugulabatembunamahlubi T. J. , Horn Alan R. 
Published: February 2025

Introduction
There are divergent views and limited data regarding therapeutic hypothermia (TH) for neonatal hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE) in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Our aim was to map and synthesize the published literature describing the use of TH for HIE in SSA, and the associated outcomes.

Method
We searched Pubmed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Web of Science from 1 January 1996 to 31 December 2023 for research studies, protocols, feasibility studies and surveys on term and near-term babies with HIE (population) treated with TH (concept) in SSA (context).

Results
Thirty records were included: Three surveys, one feasibility study and 26 publications describing 23 studies of 21 cohorts, cooling 1420 babies in South Africa, Uganda, and Ghana. There were five studies recruiting at follow-up, five pilot studies, one randomised controlled trial, one case series, and 10 birth cohorts. The methods and design of the studies were highly variable and often inadequate. Only three studies with adequately described and validated cooling methods, non-selective sequential recruitment, and neurological outcomes were identified. Two studies of babies from birth, both with intensive care facilities, reported survival with normal/mildly abnormal outcome in 71% at discharge in one study, and 71% at 12 months in another, with 16% cerebral palsy (CP) in survivors, and only 16% loss to follow-up. The third study, which only included clinic attenders after TH without intensive care, reported 7% CP in survivors, but 36% loss to follow-up.

Conclusions
Data from the adequately described TH studies in SSA indicate outcomes at discharge and twelve months which are similar to global norms. However, these data are limited to South Africa. Interpretation of other studies was limited by loss to follow-up, variable methodology and exclusion of babies with severe HIE in some studies. There is a need for standardised definitions to facilitate interpretation in TH studies.
Emergency care utilization by refugee children compared to controls: A statewide database analysis
Authors: Abrams Anna H. , Leonard Jan , Brewer Sarah E. , Young Janine , Adelgais Kathleen M. 
Published: February 2025

Background
Refugees face barriers to accessing healthcare despite provision of short-term services after arrival. Limited access to sustained primary care may lead to increased emergency department (ED) utilization and little is known regarding how refugee children access emergency care.

Objective
To compare the proportion of ED claims and median level of service (LOS) between refugee children and general population controls in a statewide claims database.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective cohort study of medical claims for patients aged 0 to 18 years old in a statewide claims database from 2014–2019. Refugee claims were identified using deterministic linkage of children with known refugee status. Procedure and diagnosis ICD9/10, Healthcare Common Procedure Coding System, and Current Procedural Terminology codes were obtained from the statewide database to indicate type of claim (ED vs outpatient) and LOS. Demographics were extracted from a data warehouse. Primary outcome was the number of ED claims per 1000 combined ED and outpatient claims. LOS was measured as a proxy for ED visit complexity. We compared demographics, frequency of claims, and median LOS using chi-square.

Results
There were 5,590,808 total claims with 1,235,476 ED claims. Median number of ED claims per individual patient was the same between groups, however the proportion of claims related to an ED visit was significantly higher in the refugee population than the general population controls (244 vs 221, p = 0.001). Median LOS for ED claims was Level 3 (99283) and there was no difference between groups.

Conclusion
Proportion of ED claims was higher in a refugee population compared to controls with no differences in LOS, indicating higher ED utilization among refugees for all acuity levels. Further study is needed to determine if healthcare disparities account for this difference and if population specific services may support the care of the refugee children.
Protocol on a systematic review of nomenclature and outcomes in children with complex critical illness in Paediatric Critical Care: The basis for consensus definition
Authors: Cuevas-Asturias Sofia , Rafferty Claire , Mitchell Hannah , Tremlett William , Ramnarayan Padmanabhan , Pattison Natalie 
Published: February 2025

Introduction
Paediatric Critical Care (PCC) supports the recovery of children with severe illness. In the UK, there are 30 PCC units with a total of approximately 400 beds. There is constant demand for these beds with a mean five-day length of stay and admissions increasing at a greater rate than age-specific population growth. Prolonged stay patients account for approximately half of all PCC patient bed days. Children with complex critical illness (CCI) need input from multiple different teams alongside support for their family. CCI often become prolonged PCC-stay patients too. Internationally, there is variation in the definition of CCI, this creates service variation and tensions around what resources can be provided including discharge planning, provision, and support. Objective: The face of Paediatric Critical Care, in the UK and internationally has changed over the last ten years with a growing cohort of complex critically ill patients. This systematic review aims to look at current nomenclature, criteria, and outcome measures of priority in this undefined patient population.

Methods and materials
Inclusion criteria: All types of studies examining children with complex critical illness (age <18 years) admitted to any paediatric critical care. The review is registered on Prospero. Medline, Embase, Maternity and Infant care, The Cochrane Library, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), and the Trip database will be searched from 2014 to May 2024. The search was limited to ten years as children with complex critical illness are a relatively new concept within PCC. Therefore, the timeline was limited to increase the accuracy and applicability of the review. Search limits included all languages, excluded the setting of neonatal intensive care, and age>18 years old. The final search strategy was developed in Medline and peer-reviewed by a health research librarian not involved in the study. This was translated to other databases as appropriate. Four independent reviewers will screen citations for eligible studies and perform data extraction.

Discussion
A systematic review methodology has been used to develop a broad understanding of the literature which will be used to develop further work in this area. Using a rigorous and stepwise approach, the whole spectrum of scientific publications on children with complex critical illness in paediatric intensive care will be reviewed, ensuring this study is as comprehensive as possible. This includes quantitative, qualitative, theoretical, and grey literature. A limitation of this systematic review is the use of many terms to describe children with complex critical illness in the literature resulting in a high number of publications on this topic.
Effect of spermidine intake on overload‐induced skeletal muscle hypertrophy in male mice
Authors: Iwata Tomohiro , Shirai Takanaga , Tanimura Riku , Iwai Ryoto , Takemasa Tohru 
Published: February 2025

AbstractSkeletal muscles exhibit high plasticity, such as overload‐induced hypertrophy or immobilization‐induced atrophy. During sports, skeletal muscle hypertrophy is induced by training to improve performance. Spermidine is a type of polyamine and oral intake of spermidine exerts many beneficial effects on health through various mechanisms, such as promoting autophagy and improving mitochondrial function. In a recent study, we showed that spermidine intake activates mTOR signaling and significantly increases the mean fiber cross‐sectional area (CSA) 14 days after injury. This suggests that spermidine promotes the anabolic growth of differentiated muscle (i.e., muscle hypertrophy); however, calorie restriction, which has been reported to have effects on the same molecular mechanisms as spermidine (promoting autophagy and improving mitochondrial function), promotes skeletal muscle regeneration, while inhibiting skeletal muscle hypertrophy. Therefore, we evaluated the effect of spermidine intake on skeletal muscle hypertrophy in mice using a synergistic ablation‐induced muscle hypertrophy model. Our results showed that spermidine intake significantly decreased mean myofiber of CSA, but this was not consistent with the change in skeletal muscle wet weight. We also analyzed autophagy, mTOR signaling, inflammation, and mitochondria, but no significant effects of spermidine intake were observed at most protein expression levels. Therefore, spermidine intake does not affect overload‐induced skeletal muscle hypertrophy, and even if it does, the effect is suppressive.
Early Permian to Middle Triassic Formation petroleum potentials of Sydney Basin, Australia: A geochemical analysis
Authors: Garba Terfa Elijah , Mustapha Khairul Azlan , Asiwaju Lanre , Mutari Lawal 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The organic geochemical and petrological analyses of calculated vitrinite reflectance of the Early Permian to Middle Triassic Formation section of the Sydney Basin in Australia have revealed the source for the widely distributed oil and gas shows in the basin. The coal formations of the Permian in the Sydney Basin have a higher hydrogen index with much higher TOC extracts than the non-coal formations of the Permian in the same basin. Some source-specific parameters attained from biomarkers, such as n-alkanes, regular isoprenoids, terpanes, diasteranes, and steranes, show that oil was generated and expelled mainly from organic matter derivatives of higher plants deposited in the oxic environment. The biomarkers associated with maturity, source, and aromatic hydrocarbon are mostly from coal core samples. However, extracts from non-coal samples have an organic geochemical signature, indicative of mixed terrestrial and prokaryotic organic matter deposited in a suboxic environment. Significantly, it is different from the coal extracts. Still, the molecular signature of some of the coal samples shows prokaryotic organic matter present in the extracts, indicating a thin section of possibly a calcareous lithology interbedded within the coal measure formation. Genetically, the coal extracts of the Permian in the Sydney Basin, Australia, provide a new insight into the generation and expulsion of oil from coal, which might be responsible for the widespread oil and gas shows in the basin. This raises the possibility of commercial oil accumulation in the early Permian coals to Middle Triassic sandstones, perhaps in the deeper part of the offshore basin.
Teaching design for chapter “primary liver cancer” in surgery course based on the clinical theory and clerkship synchronization model in the era of New Medicine
Authors: Ye Feng , Cai Qiang , Gong Xiaoyong , Ren Jiajun , Sun Ruixin , Liu Chang , Wang Xiaoli , Qiao Yuan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Objectives
The chapter on primary liver cancer in the surgery course is designed to align with the New Medicine paradigm, emphasizing the integration of clinical theory with clerkship experiences to foster a comprehensive understanding of the disease.

Methods
The teaching design incorporates innovative strategies such as outcome-based objectives, interactive learning activities, and the clinical theory and clerkship synchronization teaching model. The learning objectives are defined to balance technical proficiency with interdisciplinary knowledge and humanistic qualities. The curriculum content is restructured to include advanced topics and case studies that reflect the latest advancements in liver cancer management. A blended teaching model is employed, utilizing online platforms and in-class discussions to enhance student engagement and critical thinking.

Results
With regard to the acquisition of the fundamental knowledge of primary liver cancer, the class that employed the novel teaching model demonstrated significantly higher scores than the class that did not. Based on the results of students’ feedback questionnaire, the self-improvement ratings were found to be significantly higher in classes that employed the synchronization model.

Conclusions
The implementation of the clinical theory and clerkship synchronization teaching model has been effective in enhancing students’ knowledge, skills, and professional attitudes towards primary liver cancer management.
Protein kinase CK2 contributes to glucose homeostasis
Authors: Götz Claudia , Montenarh Mathias 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In the early days of CK2 research, it was already published that the affinity of CK2 for its substrate casein was affected by insulin. Subsequent to the discovery of inhibitors of CK2 kinase activity, it was shown that CK2 has an influence on hormones that regulate glucose homeostasis and on enzymes that influence glucose metabolism in pancreatic islet cells as well as in hormone-sensitive target cells. This regulation includes the influence on transcription factors and thereby, gene expression, as well as direct modulation of the catalytic activity. The used CK2 inhibitors, especially the older ones, show a broad range of specificity, selectivity and off-target effects. Recently applied methods to down-regulate the expression of individual CK2 subunits using siRNA or CRISPR/Cas9 technology have contributed to the improvement of specificity. It was shown that inhibition of CK2 kinase activity or knock-down or knock-out of CK2α leads to an elevated synthesis and secretion of insulin in pancreatic β-cells and a down-regulation of the synthesis and secretion of glucagon from pancreatic α-cells. In the present review CK2-dependent molecular mechanisms will be addressed which contribute to the maintenance of glucose homeostasis.
Coupled analysis of ocean-atmosphere interaction using A2CDOSE and SCHISM for radioactive dispersion following a north pacific nuclear incident
Authors: Chiang Yu , Huang Pei-Chieh , Yang Zi-Yi 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The Fukushima disaster highlighted the critical importance of a comprehensive emergency response plan for severe nuclear power plant (NPP) accidents. In response to this need, Taiwan’s National Atomic Research Institute (NARI) collaborated with the Central Weather Administration (CWA) to develop an urgent radiological dose evaluation system known as “A2CDOSE.” This system is designed to assess projected radiation doses over eight days following a nuclear incident, aiding in informed decision-making. Considering enhancing the multi-consequence analysis via nuclear material transport, this study connects the settings of ocean radiation contribution in series to develop a multi-sequence, multi-batch method called the ocean-atmosphere coupled analysis of radioactive substances with ocean dispersion code SCHISM. This Year’s (2024) hypothetical cesium-137 release case from the nuclear power plant was used to conduct a technical feasibility test. This method can serve as a reference for evaluating the optimal radiation detection routes for the affected maritime areas during future nuclear safety events, simulating the short-to mid-term effects of radioactive substance releases.
Blow-up of solutions for Euler-Bernoulli equation with nonlinear time delay
Authors: Lin Rongrui , Gao Yunlong , She Lianbing 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We study the Euler-Bernoulli equations with time delay:

u

t
t

+

Δ

2

u
−

g

1

∗

Δ

2

u
+

g

2

∗
Δ
u
+

μ

1

u

t

(

x
,
t

)

∣

u

t

(

x
,
t

)

∣

m
−
2

+

μ

2

u

t

(

x
,
t
−
τ

)

∣

u

t

(

x
,
t
−
τ

)

∣

m
−
2

=
f

(

u

)

,

{u}_{tt}+{\Delta }^{2}u-{g}_{1}\ast {\Delta }^{2}u+{g}_{2}\ast \Delta u+{\mu }_{1}{u}_{t}\left(x,t){| {u}_{t}\left(x,t)| }^{m-2}+{\mu }_{2}{u}_{t}\left(x,t-\tau ){| {u}_{t}\left(x,t-\tau )| }^{m-2}=f\left(u),

where

τ

\tau

represents the time delay. We exhibit the blow-up behavior of solutions with both positive and nonpositive initial energy for the Euler-Bernoulli equations involving time delay.
Freeform thin-film lithium niobate mode converter for photon-pair generation
Authors: Kim Changhyun , Bae Munseong , Choi Minho , Lee Sangbin , Lee Myunghoo , Kim Chihyeon , Jung Hojoong , Chung Haejun , Kwon Hyounghan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Thin-film lithium niobate (TFLN) has emerged as a promising platform for integrated photonics due to its exceptional material properties. The application of freeform topology optimization to TFLN devices enables the realization of compact designs with complex functionalities and high efficiency. However, the stringent fabrication constraints of TFLN present significant challenges for optimization, particularly in nonlinear photonic devices. In this work, we propose an inverse design methodology that successfully addresses these challenges and demonstrates the development of an efficient freeform TFLN mode converter. The numerically optimized mode converter achieves a transmission efficiency of 67.60 % and a mode purity of 84.58 %. Experimental validation through nonlinear processes, including second harmonic generation and spontaneous parametric down-conversion, shows that the fabricated devices improve the efficiency of these processes by factors of two and three, respectively, compared to devices without freeform designs. The proposed inverse design framework provides a powerful tool for advancing the development of TFLN-based devices, with broad applicability to nonlinear and quantum photonics.
Spectral Hadamard microscopy with metasurface-based patterned illumination
Authors: Jo Yongjae , Park Hyemi , Lee Seho , Kim Inki 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Hadamard matrices, composed of mutually orthogonal vectors, are widely used in various applications due to their orthogonality. In optical imaging, Hadamard microscopy has been applied to achieve optical sectioning by separating scattering and background noise from desired signals. This method involves sequential illumination using Hadamard patterns and subsequent image processing. However, it typically requires costly light modulation devices, such as digital micromirror devices (DMDs) or spatial light modulators (SLMs), to generate multiple illumination patterns. In this study, we present spectral Hadamard microscopy based on a holographic matasurface. We noticed that certain patterns repeat within other Hadamard patterns under specific condition, allowing the entire set to be reproduced from a single pattern. This finding suggests that generating a single pattern is sufficient to implement Hadamard microscopy. To demonstrate this, we designed a metasurface to generate an illumination pattern and conducted imaging simulations. Results showed that holographic metasurface-based Hadamard microscopy effectively suppressed scattering signals, resulting in clear fluorescent images. Furthermore, we demonstrated that hyperspectral imaging can be achieved with Hadamard microscopy using dispersive optical elements, as the orthogonality of the Hadamard pattern enables to resolve spectral information. The reconstructed hyperspectral images displayed a color distribution closely matching the synthetic hyperspectral images used as ground truth. Our findings suggest that optical sectioning and hyperspectral imaging can be accomplished without light modulation devices, a capability typically unattainable with standard wide-field microscopes. We showed that sophisticated metasurfaces have the potential to replace and enhance conventional optical components, and we anticipate that this study will contribute to advancements in metasurface-based optical microscopy.