bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A GEOCHEMICAL REVIEW OF CARBONATE SOURCE ROCKS IN ITALY
Authors: Katz B. J. , Dittmar E. I. , Ehret G. E. 
Published: December 2007

Field sampling of potential source rock units in Italy, and detailed geochemical characterization of Italian petroleum (surface seeps and reservoired oils), have provided insights into the origins of the resource base. Organic‐rich, oil‐prone intervals have been identified in Middle to Upper Triassic, lower Toarcian, Lower Cretaceous, Upper Cretaceous and Oligo‐Miocene strata. The hydrocarbon generation potential of these intervals can be signipcant. For example, the weighted mean generation potential of the Upper Triassic in southern Italy is ˜47 mg HC/g rock, with the net source rock representing about 20% of the exposed stratigraphic sequence. Comparable richnesses exist in the other intervals noted above, although the Toarcian and Late Cretaceous intervals, including those associated with the “Bonarelli Event” (a brief period straddling the Cenomanian‐Turonian which is thought to represent an oceanic anoxic event) appear to be much more volumetrically restricted.There is sedimentological evidence that these organic‐rich intervals were deposited in both shallow‐water intraplatformal settings, and in deep‐water interplatformal basinal settings. The stacking of sequences as a result of evolving platform bathymetly and changes in sea level enhanced the volumetric importance of intraplatformal source rocks, and may explain some of the minor geochemical differences observed among the region s oils.There is a sharp contrast in the stable isotope composition of the organic matter contained in the different source intervals. The Triassic and Toarcian organic matter is isotopically light (δ13Cbitumen lighter than ‐26%o), while Cretaceous and Oligo‐Miocene OM is isotopically heavy (δ13Cbitumen heavier than ‐26%o).Although the oils share characteristics associated with carbonate source rock systems, two distinct populations exist. These are an isotopically light population (δ13 Coil, lighter than ‐26%o, typically lighter than ‐27. 5%o), which includes the oils at Rospo Mare, Malossa and the degraded oil at Maiella; and an isotopically heavier (δ13 Coil heavier than ‐26%o) population, including the oils at Monte Alpi, Bagnolo and at the Tramutola seep. The stable carbon isotopic compositions provide the strongest evidence for stratigraphic affinity. Biomarker data permits further refinement of these two “mega‐families”.
INTERPRETING BIOSTRATIGRAPHICAL DATA USING FUZZY LOGIC: THE IDENTIFICATION OF REGIONAL MUDSTONES WITHIN THE FLEMING FIELD, UK NORTH SEA
Authors: Wakefield M. I. , Cook R. J. , Jackson H. , Thompson P. 
Published: December 2007

The Fleming gas‐condensate field, located on the eastern flank of the Central Graben, UK North Sea, is an elongate stratigraphic pinch‐out whose reservoir is composed of stacked turbidite sandstones of the lower Palaeogene Maureen Formation. The sandstones have a sheet‐like geometry with each sandstone lobe being partially offset into the swales of the preceding lobes. In such depositional environments, the understanding of lateral and vertical sandstone connectivity, a major uncertainty in reservoir modelling and well planning and production strategies, depends upon the choice of depositional model that is applied and the lateral continuity of pelagic mudstones.Previously published work defined a model, based on variations in the composition of agglutinated foraminiferal populations, that could be used to derive a qualitative measure of the level of pelagic influence within mudstones interbedded with turbidite sandstones. It was considered that mudstones with a high pelagic influence are likely to be more laterally extensive than those with a low pelagic index. A fuzzy logic workflow was constructed using this model and was applied to the Fleming field in order to identify laterally persistent mudstones. This approach was combined with high‐resolution correlation of bioevents using graphic correlation. A detailed layering scheme for the Fleming field was defined and this predicted the presence of a field‐wide mudstone.Initial attempts at history matching during reservoir simulation using a simple six‐layer lithostratigraphical scheme were not successful. A revised layering scheme defined by biofacies modelling and graphic correlation was used to produce a 13‐layer model; this was later simplified by combination with the six‐layer model to produce a ten‐layer model. This layering scheme is shown to provide a better understanding of both net‐to‐gross distribution and the dynamic behaviour of the field, and also improved history matching against production data. The biostratigraphical model applied using a fuzzy logic approach is authenticated by the reservoir simulation (fluid flow) and pre‐ and post‐maintenance well pressure tests of well 22/5b‐A3 which showed that the perforated interval in that well is isolated from the perforated intervals in the other producing wells. While history matching during reservoir simulation is important, the predictive capability of the fuzzy logic model proved to be critical to our understanding of the field.
The breeding and maintenance of marmbsets at Jersey Zoo
Authors: MALLINSON JEREMY J. C. 
Published: December 2007

SummaryThere are four species of Hapalidae listed in the IUCN Red Data Book (Simon, 1966); Goeldi's monkey Cullimico goeldii, Golden lion marmoset Leontideus rosuliu, Golden‐rumped marmoset Leontideus chrysopygus, and Golden‐headed marmoset Leotztideus chrysomelas. From the Jersey Zoo's experiences with this family, it is felt that if marmosets are fed a well balanced diet and are provided with an exercise potential more in keeping with their activities in the wild state, zoos would have more success with their maintenance and breeding.
Maintenance and captive breeding of the Brush‐tailed phascogale Phascogale tapoatafa at Healesville Sanctuary
Authors: HALLEY MERRIL 
Published: December 2007

SummaryThe rare status of P. tapoatafa in the wild makes it an important species for captive management. It can be maintained easily and bred in captivity if the correct techniques are applied. Due to its unusual life history strategy, the species needs to be consistently bred each year if a captive population is to be maintained. Two different techniques, monogamous pairs and round robin, have been applied at Healesville Sanctuary with a 100% breeding success rate. It is difficult to assess which technique is most appropriate as each has been attempted with relatively few ♀♀ in a single breeding season. In both cases, it is thought that an important aspect of the breeding protocol has been that animals are paired just prior to the breeding season and not earlier. Phascogale tapoatafa are easily maintained. The major components of the diet are insects, meat mix, cheese and Lead‐beater's mix, all of which are offered throughout the year. Animals typically maintain their weight on this diet, though on occasion ♀♀lose condition during the breeding season. Large groups of animals (up to eight) have been maintained together outside of the breeding season. If necessary, hand‐rearing techniques can be applied to animals that have been orphaned and fostering of young animals is also an option depending on age.
REVIEWS
Authors: Arkin. Marcus , Stoker. H. M. , Timmerman. W.A. , Laight. J. C. , Deventer. B. van , Jackson. S. P. , Kock. Gerhard de 
Published: December 2007

Free Trade and Protection in the Netherlands The Analysis of Family Budgets. By S. J. Prais and H. S. Houthakkfr. Two Postwar Recoveries of the German Economy. By Horst Mendershausen. The Economics of European Air Transport. By Stephen Wheatcroft. De Ontwikkcling van de Moderne Prijsteorie. Deur J. E. Andriessen. Oxford Regional Atlas: U.S.S.R. and Eastern Europe. Britain and she Tide of World Affairs.
A PROBLEM OF RATING — the case of Durban
Authors: McCRYSTAL L. P. 
Published: December 2007

Summary1. There is some doubt as to whether a local authority is empowered to discriminate against “productively used” property, since to do so may be construed as a tax on things other than immovable property.2. In the case of leasehold properties, an apportionment of the increased rate burden is likely to take place between the landlord and his tenant. To the extent that the landlord has to bear a share of the higher rate burden, there will be a decline in property values.3. The higher rates will tend to reduce building activity and reduce the intensity of site development. The fall in building activity will have downward “multiplier” effects which would affect the level of local employment.4. Subject to various qualifications there will be a tendency for the prices of properties with vacant possession to decline.5. The incidence of the higher rates will fall at least partly, and in many cases entirely, on local industrial, banking and insurance firms, and also building societies. Shops and hotels may have more scope for shifting the higher rates, on the whole, but here too some businesses will have to bear a substantial part of the burden.6. The dangers of higher rates (a) influencing industry to move out of Durban and (b) discouraging new industries from coming in, are real and should be given careful consideration by the authorities.7. The items of expenditure which the proposed higher rates for Durban will be used to finance will largely benefit owners of dwelling houses. Since the incidence of the higher rates will fall on businesses and their customers, owners of dwelling houses will receive a concealed form of subsidy.Some adjustment in the profitability of developing different classes of land, is also probable.8. There is a need for a revision of the relations between the Central and Provincial Governments, and local authorities, especially as regards the amounts paid by the former in lieu of rates.9. In view of the trend among individuals to live in one place and work in another, some grouping of local authorities into regional units might be considered.
ULNAR STYLOID TRIQUETRAL IMPACTION
Authors: Giachino A. Alan , McIntyre Alison I. , Guy K. James , Conway Anna F. 
Published: December 2007

Background: Ulnar styloid triquetral impaction (USTI), one of many causes of ulnar sided wrist pain, is a pathological entity with clear clinical and radiographic features, distinct and different from the impaction of the ulnar head against the lunate or ulno-carpal impaction (UCI). Pain is ulnar and point-tenderness is present precisely over the ulnar styloid as opposed to the proximal lunate in UCI. The provocative maneouvre of dorsiflexion in pronation followed by supination is markedly different from the ulnar deviation grind test maneouvres used to diagnose UCI. Multiple anatomical and pathological features interplay to produce a situation in which the distance between the tip of the ulnar styloid and the triquetrum is reduced resulting in USTI. The concept of ulnar styloid variance is introduced and anatomical variations of ulnar styloid length are demonstrated.Methods: The clinical and radiographic features of 56 patients diagnosed with USTI were analysed. One thousand standardised film-file wrist radiographs were measured to determine the average length of the ulnar styloid in the population as well as the average projection of the styloid above the radius (ulnar styloid variance).Results: An aetiological classification system for USTI was developed based on the clinical and radiographic features of the aforementioned patients and radiographs.Conclusions: The causes of this syndrome are often complex and classification of the aetiological features is clinically useful. It is important for physicians and surgeons to recognise the clinical and radiographic features of this syndrome in order to properly manage the symptoms and prevent an iatrogenic production of USTI.
SUBCUTANEOUS RUPTURE OF THE FLEXOR TENDON OF THE LITTLE FINGER ASSOCIATED WITH ANOMALOUS FLEXOR DIGITORUM SUPERFICIALIS
Authors: Senda Hiroya , Muro Hidenori 
Published: December 2007

A 59-year-old man suffered from subcutaneous rupture of the flexor tendon of the little finger associated with fracture of the hook of hamate. He could not flex his little finger completely at the distal interphalangeal joint, but incomplete flexion of the proximal interphalangeal joint was possible. Surgical exploration revealed anomaly of the flexor digitorum superficialis of the little finger, as it originated from the palmar aspect of the carpal ligament, and a small portion of the muscle belly was traversed toward the A1 pulley over the profundus tendon and then it ran into the A1 pulley as a normal superficialis tendon. The flexor digitorum superficialis of the little finger is well known to show variations, but our case is extremely rare, and furthermore there are no reports in the available literatures about the function of this anomalous muscle.
Messinian halite and residual facies in the Crotone basin (Calabria, Italy)
Authors: Lugli S. , Dominici R. , Barone M. , Costa E. , Cavozzi C. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract

The Neogene Crotone basin in eastern Calabria contains extensive Messinian evaporite deposits, including thick gypsarenite and halite. The halite deposit reaches a maximum thickness of
c
. 300 m and in some areas forms relatively small diapirs piercing late Messinian and Pliocene sediments. Halite is strongly modified by folding and recrystallization, but a few primary features are preserved. Four primary halite facies have been recognized: (a) banded halite consisting of folded white and dark bands deposited in a salt pan and/or saline mudflat; (b) white facies, massive halite containing anhydrite nodules, probably formed in a variably desiccating saline lake; (c) clear facies made up of a mosaic of large blocky halite crystals separated by mud, possibly the product of displacive halite growth in a saline mudflat; and (d) breccia facies, a product of dissolution of halite/mudstone/siltstone layers. Residual facies formed from halite dissolution are present as both weld and cap rocks. Weld rocks are thick, undeformed, and composed only of insoluble phases originally included in the salt, whereas cap rocks are thin, strongly sheared and include clasts from the cover rocks.
The ‘Evaporiti di Monte Castello’ deposits of the Messinian Southern Apennines foreland basin (Irpinia–Daunia Mountains, Southern Italy): stratigraphic evolution and geological context
Authors: Matano F. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
An evaporitic limestone–gypsum succession, belonging to the Evaporiti di Monte Castello Formation, is recognized in the late Messinian (Upper Miocene) of the Irpinia–Daunia Mountains in the Southern Apennines arc (Southern Italy). This unit is formed by diatomaceous marls, massive and laminated evaporitic limestones, and by primary and clastic gypsum. Detailed stratigraphical, sedimentological and strontium geochemistry data has permitted reconstruction of stratigraphic and facies relations of gypsum deposits, depositional environment and basin evolution. Genetically related gypsum lithofacies can be grouped into two facies associations. The autochthonous gypsum facies association consists of shallow water selenitic, acicular and laminated gypsum and is characterized by the absence of high-energy sedimentary structures. The redeposited clastic gypsum facies association consists of shallow- to deeper-water fine-grained laminated gypsum, gypsarenites, pebbly gypsarenites and gypsrudites, showing common features of resedimented deposits. Nodular structures occurring in the laminated gypsum lithofacies seem to be mostly related to late diagenetic processes. The sedimentary evolution during the evaporative phase was characterized by a gradual increase in salinity until gypsum precipitated; then the sedimentary conditions in the basin were characterized by almost homogenous salinity conditions, and influenced by events of gypsum reworking and resedimentation probably related to flooding episodes and local tectonic activity. The gypsum was deposited from mainly marine brines, based on their Sr isotopic compositions. This sedimentary series is an equivalent of the Lower Evaporites of other parts of the Mediterranean. The Messinian Monte Castello Formation evaporites represent an uncommon type of evaporitic succession, probably developed in a extensional setting in a basin located along the Apulian foreland ramp, in contrast with the northern Apennines and Sicilian basins (e.g. Vena del Gesso, and Caltanisetta basins), which are considered to be thrust-top basins of the Apennine–Maghrebian foreland basin system.
Generation of primary sylvite: the fluid inclusion data from the Upper Permian (Zechstein) evaporites, SW Poland
Authors: Vovnyuk S. V. , Czapowski G. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract

The chemical composition of primary inclusions in sedimentary halite from the Polish Zechstein salt deposits (Upper Permian), which represent deposition in salt lagoon to salt pan-salina conditions of two evaporitic units of the Stassfurt and Leine cyclothems, contains evidence that the included brines belong to the Na–K–Mg–Cl–SO
4
(SO
4
-rich) type. They differ from the brines typical for other Zechstein salts by having an elevated potassium content, which produced primary sylvite (daughter crystals in inclusions), caused by redeposition of locally generated potassium salts during inflow of fresh seawater into the sedimentary basin. The homogenization temperature of primary inclusions in halite with sylvite daughter crystals reflects the increased temperature (53–60 °C) of basin brines, caused by a greenhouse effect due to density stratification of the brines. Isotopic composition of the anhydrite (sulphur: 9.4–13.30‰ Canyon Diablo Troilite (CDT); oxygen: 9.44–10.4‰ Standard Middle Ocean Water (SMOW), as well as the bromine content in halite (49–77 ppm) indicated that these salts had a marine origin and were deposited at an elevated temperature, from concentrated seawater with a high potassium content, that favoured precipitation of primary sylvite.
Continuity and Change in Indonesian Labour Relations in the Habibie Interregnum
Authors: Ford Michele 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThere were considerable changes in Indonesia's industrial relations climate and regulatory framework during the Habibie interregnum. This article explores the implications of those changes for informal workers' organizations, unions and labour-oriented NGOs. The article is divided into two sections. The first section reflects upon the philosophy, institutions and practice of labour relations under Suharto's New Order and describes organized opposition to the industrial relations system, while the second describes the ways in which labour relations and representation changed during the Habibie interregnum.
Work, Consumption and the Indonesian Crises in Western Flores
Authors: Erb Maribeth 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe political and financial turmoil in Indonesia over the past three years has affected Indonesians in various ways. This paper takes a comparative framework developed to illuminate changes in Euro-American society between the modem ethic of work and the postmodern aesthetic of consumption, to analyse the different ways people in Manggarai, Western Flores, reacted to the Indonesian crises.
Comenius, Boyle, Oldenburg, and the Translation of the Bible into Turkish
Authors: Malcolm Noel 
Published: December 2007

AbstractIn the period 1658-67 there were two separate projects to produce a Turkish translation of the Bible. The first, promoted by Comenius in Holland and funded by his patron de Geer, used the services of Levinus Warner in Constantinople; Warner commissioned translations from two dragomans in that city. The second, promoted and partly funded by Robert Boyle, was undertaken by William Seaman in London. Attempts were made (through Henry Oldenburg) to coordinate the two projects, allotting the Old Testament to the former and the New to the latter; but there was little practical cooperation. Seaman's New Testament was published in 1666, but the Dutch-commissioned translation would remain in manuscript for more than 150 years. This article analyses the history of these twin projects and the difficulties that beset them — of which the greatest was the lack of sufficient linguistic expertise.
TABASCO: A single molecule, base-pair resolved gene expression simulator
Authors: Kosuri Sriram , Kelly Jason R , Endy Drew 
Published: December 2007

Abstract

Background
Experimental studies of gene expression have identified some of the individual molecular components and elementary reactions that comprise and control cellular behavior. Given our current understanding of gene expression, and the goals of biotechnology research, both scientists and engineers would benefit from detailed simulators that can explicitly compute genome-wide expression levels as a function of individual molecular events, including the activities and interactions of molecules on DNA at single base pair resolution. However, for practical reasons including computational tractability, available simulators have not been able to represent genome-scale models of gene expression at this level of detail.

Results
Here we develop a simulator, TABASCO http://openwetware.org/wiki/TABASCO, which enables the precise representation of individual molecules and events in gene expression for genome-scale systems. We use a single molecule computational engine to track individual molecules interacting with and along nucleic acid polymers at single base resolution. Tabasco uses logical rules to automatically update and delimit the set of species and reactions that comprise a system during simulation, thereby avoiding the need for a priori specification of all possible combinations of molecules and reaction events. We confirm that single molecule, base-pair resolved simulation using TABASCO (Tabasco) can accurately compute gene expression dynamics and, moving beyond previous simulators, provide for the direct representation of intermolecular events such as polymerase collisions and promoter occlusion. We demonstrate the computational capacity of Tabasco by simulating the entirety of gene expression during bacteriophage T7 infection; for reference, the 39,937 base pair T7 genome encodes 56 genes that are transcribed by two types of RNA polymerases active across 22 promoters.

Conclusion
Tabasco enables genome-scale simulation of transcription and translation at individual molecule and single base-pair resolution. By directly representing the position and activity of individual molecules on DNA, Tabasco can directly test the effects of detailed molecular processes on system-wide gene expression. Tabasco would also be useful for studying the complex regulatory mechanisms controlling eukaryotic gene expression. The computational engine underlying Tabasco could also be adapted to represent other types of processive systems in which individual reaction events are organized across a single spatial dimension (e.g., polysaccharide synthesis).