bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conservative Renal Surgery for Adenocarcinoma. The Place of Bench Surgery
Authors: WICKHAM J. E. A. 
Published: November 2008

SummaryA brief review of reported cases of tumours in solitary kidneys and of bilateral simultaneously occurring tumours is reported.1 case of bilateral simultaneously occurring tumour and 3 cases of tumour occurring in solitary kidneys are reported.The treatment of these cases by simple partial nephrectomy under regional hypothermia is described.The place of ex vivo“Bench Surgery” for this condition is discussed.
Continuous Perfusion of Human Cadaveric Kidneys for Transplantation
Authors: STEPHENSON T. P. , HENDRY W. F. , WARD J. P. , WICKHAM J. E. A. 
Published: November 2008

Summary63 cadaveric kidneys have been preserved for up to 36 hours by continuous perfusion on a Gambro machine. 52 kidneys were transplanted: 13 (25%) functioned immediately, 23 (44%) functioned after 2 to 28 days, and 16 (31%) failed to function. 11 kidneys with poor perfusion flow characteristics were discarded. Of 30 kidneys followed for more than 18 months, graft survival was 50%.Analysis of warm and cold ischaemia data, of perfusion flow rates and biochemical studies, and comparison of function of 18 pairs of kidneys only one of which was continuously perfused, suggests that this method of preservation effectively extends the preservation time to 36 hours, but does not improve the immediate function and non‐function rates, and does not provide an accurate assessment of viability.
A Study of 137 Cases of Renal Trauma
Authors: PRYOR JOHN P. , WILLIAMS J. P. 
Published: November 2008

SummaryRenal injuries are rarely a threat to life and all patients should have an intravenous urogram performed at the time of admission.Patients with a normal urogram may be mobilised for early discharge.Patients with minor abnormalities of the urogram, but in whom all the collecting system is visible, rarely caused any difficulties in management. Should the haematuria persist beyond a week, then arteriography should be performed. The arteriogram sometimes shows the presence of major cortical lacerations with minor abnormalities of the intravenous urogram.If the initial urogram fails to opacify the injured kidney, immediate arteriography is required to exclude a vascular injury. We also believe that early arteriography is advisable in those patients where part of the kidney appears to be non‐functioning as it is in this group of patients that operation may become necessary. The indications for renal arteriography are summarised in Table II.
Is Urography Necessary for Patients with Acute Retention of Urine Before Prostatectomy?
Authors: MARSHALL VILLIS , SINGH MANMEET , BLANDY J. P. 
Published: November 2008

SummaryIn 180 urograms performed on 203 patients admitted to hospital with acute or acute‐on‐chronic retention of urine 38 abnormalities were noted, most of them being related to upper tract obstruction.Of 4 diverticula detected only one needed treatment.Waiting for the urogram imposed an extra delay of more than 3 days between admission and operation and an equal prolongation of the whole hospital stay.There appears to be no justification for routine urography prior to prostatectomy in the patient admitted with urinary retention.
Identification of a Prostate in Female Praomys (Mastomys) Natalensis using 3H steroids
Authors: GHANADIAN R. , HOLLAND J. M. , CHISHOLM G. D. 
Published: November 2008

SummaryThe female of the species Praomys (Mastomys) Natalensis has a ventral prostate similar both in position and in histological appearance to the ventral lobe of the male prostate. The hormonal uptake of this female prostate has been investigated using [3H] testosterone and [3H] oestradiol.The results showed that the uptake of these steroid hormones by the prostate was identical to our findings in the male prostate.The potential value of a female prostate in prostatic research is discussed.
Immunological Effects of Orchidectomy
Authors: CASTRO J. E. 
Published: November 2008

SummaryOrchidectomy caused a non‐specific increase of immunological reactivity in mice evidenced by accelerated rejection of skin allografts, increased response to oxazolone and sheep erythrocytes. These changes were associated with an increase of thymic size.The response to pneumococcal polysaccharide, which depends upon B‐cells, was not increased.Orchidectomised mice showed protection against induced methylcholanthrene sarcomas and transplantable tumours; tumours which are not obviously hormone dependent.
The Natural History of Renal and Ureteric Calculi
Authors: MARSHALL V. , WHITE R. H. , SAINTONGE MARK CHAPUT DE , TRESIDDER G. C. , BLANDY J. P. 
Published: November 2008

SummaryIn a prolonged follow‐up of a series of 416 patients at The London Hospital Stone Clinic it was found that recurrence could still occur even as long as 10 years after the first stone, though this risk decreased slowly year by year.Recurrence is seldom related to hypercalciuria or urinary infection except when infection is caused by or associated with B. proteus in women.Claims for the value of any form of therapy for stone disease must be evaluated against the background of the natural history of lithiasis.
The Residual Renal Stone
Authors: SINGH MANMEET , MARSHALL VILLIS , BLANDY JOHN 
Published: November 2008

SummaryA study of the observer error built in to contact preoperative radiography for renal stones shows that particles less than 2 mm in diameter are likely to be missed.The radiographic follow‐up of 100 patients from whom 120 large staghorn calculi have been removed over a period of up to 10 years shows that new calculi may form in kidneys which have been completely cleared, and that residual stones do not always grow, but equally often pass spontaneously, or remain unchanged.
Some Data on Urinary Stones which were Passed
Authors: SUTOR D. JUNE , WOOLEY SUSAN E. 
Published: November 2008

SummaryOut of a group of 979 patients with urinary calculi, 175 had passed their stone(s). Comparison of data for stones which had been passed with data for the whole group shows many significant differences.Calculi composed entirely of calcium oxalate are more likely to be expelled than any other composition variety. The chance of this happening is 1 in 3 and it is even higher when the person is under 50 years of age. The probability of calculi composed of calcium oxalate + calcium phosphate being expelled is 1 in 5 and this also increases for younger patients. Infection stones consisting of calcium phosphate + struvite have only a 1 in 19 chance of being passed.Many of the stones passed (130) are under 0·10 g in weight. However, there is a similar relationship between composition and weight among both the stones that were passed and the whole group. In both groups, pure oxalate stones are the lightest, infection stones are the heaviest and stones composed of calcium phosphate and calcium phosphate + calcium oxalate are of intermediate weight.
Bilateral Pelvi‐Ureteric Avulsion Following Closed Trauma
Authors: BOSTON V. E. , SMYTH B. T. 
Published: November 2008

SummaryA 9‐year‐old girl suffered severe multiple injuries in a road traffic accident. Following a period of anuria an intravenous pyelogram was performed indicating bilateral pelvi‐ureteric rupture. Continuity was eventually achieved on both sides following two attempts at ureteral anastomosis. One year after the accident the child is well and the kidneys and ureters are functionally normal.Early diagnosis and treatment is essential in order to achieve a good functional result. This is aided by an awareness of the condition and is confirmed by intravenous and retrograde pyelography. The anastomosis is performed over a polythene splint, supported by a defunctioning nephrostomy for several weeks.The aetiology remains obscure, although there have been many suggestions regarding the mechanics of pelvi‐ureteric avulsion.
The Congenital Refluxing Megaureter: Experiences with Surgical Reconstruction
Authors: JOHNSTON J. H. , FARKAS A. 
Published: November 2008

SummaryA series of 17 children with congenital refluxing megaureters underwent ureteric tailoring and reimplantation.The results obtained suggest that such surgery should be restricted to those cases in which an obstructive element is introduced as a result of the reflux or in which ascending infection is further damaging the already prenatally defective kidney parenchyma.
A Clinical Evaluation of Hydrostatic Pressure Treatment for Carcinoma of the Bladder
Authors: COOMBES G. B. 
Published: November 2008

SummaryA small clinical series of patients treated by hydrostatic bladder dilatation is reported.The methods used, the complications and technical difficulties encountered are described. 4 patients out of 14, who had a complete course of treatment are free of any further tumour 12 months later, which in the context of their previous progress is a considerable improvement. These 4 patients did not appear to have any particular feature which, on clinical assessment, would have allowed us to be more selective in applying this treatment.
The Distribution and Retention of Cadmium 115m in the Rat Following Injection into the Prostate
Authors: AUGHEY E. , SCOTT R. , KING P. C. , EAST B. W. , HARRIS I. A. , BODDY K. 
Published: November 2008

SummaryThe gonadal effects produced by injection of cadmium in the rats are well known. The effects of direct injection into the prostate are less well understood. The present experiments indicated the retention of cadmium by the various lobes of the rat prostate following direct injection of radioactive cadmium into the organ.The cells of the prostate are capable of retaining cadmium in measurable amounts up to at least 6 weeks following the injection. The subcellular fractions were measured with respect to cadmium activity and these are indicated. In addition measurements were made in organs which are known to be affected by cadmium, that is, the kidney and the testicle. The affinity of the kidney for cadmium is confirmed.The areas of the prostate gland with a high zinc content appear to retain less cadmium than areas of the gland which are known to have a low zinc content. This suggests a possible zinc protective mechanism.
Adrenergic and Cholinergic Receptors in the Human Prostate, Prostatic Capsule and Bladder Neck
Authors: CAINE MARCO , RAZ SHLOMO , ZEIGLER MARCIA 
Published: November 2008

SummaryThe adrenergic and cholinergic receptors of the human prostatic capsule, prostatic “adenoma”, and bladder neck, were investigated by the in‐vitro isometric technique.The prostatic capsule was found to be very rich in both α‐adrenergic receptors and cholinergic receptors. The prostatic adenoma was moderately rich in α‐adrenergic receptors, but cholinergic receptors were absent. β‐adrenergic receptors were absent in the prostatic adenoma, and there was an equivocal response in less than half the specimens of the prostatic capsule.An attempt was made to distinguish between the trigonal component at the posterior bladder neck, and the true bladder neck muscle both posteriorly and antero‐laterally. The results indicate that the “posterior bladder neck” seen at operation is predominantly trigonal muscle, and is poor in cholinergic receptors. The adrenergic response is variable in the true bladder neck muscle, but is present and strong in the trigonal muscle. This response is characteristically gradual in its development.In view of the findings in this investigation, it is suggested that certain instances of acute retention of urine in prostatic patients are due to over‐stimulation of the α‐adrenergic receptors, particularly those in the prostatic capsule. Similarly, the accepted clinical contraindication to the use of cholinergic drugs for retention in the prostatic patient is supported by the distribution of the cholinergic receptors in the tissues examined.
The Effect of Dicynene on Blood Loss during and after Transurethral Resection of the Prostate
Authors: SYMES J. M. , OFFEN D. N. , LYTTLE J. A. , BLANDY J. P. , SAINTONGE D. M. CHAPUT DE 
Published: November 2008

SummaryThe effect of Dicynene on blood loss during and after transurethral resection for benign enlargement of the prostate was studied in 76 patients.Median loss of blood at operation was 17 ml in those given Dicynene compared with 72 ml in the placebo group (p = < 0·001).Median postoperative blood loss was 38 ml in the Dicynene group, and 103 ml in the placebo group (p = 0·05).Clinical evidence of deep vein thrombosis was found in neither group.Dicynene helps to reduce blood loss in transurethral resection.
Evaluation of Differential Renal Function Studies in Segmental Renal Artery Occlusion
Authors: PFAU ALPHONSE , RAZ SHLOMO , ROSENMANN ELIEZER , SCHWARTZ ARMIN 
Published: November 2008

Summary3 patients with suspected renal segmental ischaemia are presented. In 2 of them segmental renal artery stenosis was demonstrated radiographically and the differential renal function studies predicted the outcome of surgery accurately. In the last patient no segmental renal artery stenosis was demonstrated on angiography, and surgery did not benefit this patient in spite of positive differential renal function studies for “curable” renal segmental ischaemia.Some haemodynamic aspects, as expressed by the differential renal function studies, are discussed.
Ureterometrographic Studies on Human Subjects with Normal Urinary Tract System
Authors: TABATABAI M. , KADIVAR R. 
Published: November 2008

SummaryUreteral motility was studied in 40 subjects with normal urinary tract systems.Although the contraction waves were often monophasic in shape some were characterised by the presence of a notch on the contraction or relaxation limb of the peristaltic complex, indicating that notched complexes do not necessarily signify obstructive uropathy.Retrograde filling of the bladder to within its physiologic limits with isotonic saline solution markedly changed the pattern of the ureteral activity.
Urinary Diversion: the Physiological Rationale for Non‐refluxing Colonic Conduits
Authors: RICHIE JEROME P. , SKINNER DONALD G. 
Published: November 2008

SummaryIn order to make an accurate comparison between ileal and colonic conduits, an ileal conduit was created from one kidney and a non‐refluxing colonic conduit from the other kidney in 16 adult mongrel dogs.Colonic loops do not reflux, have equal resting pressures and rate of emptying when contrasted with ileal conduits, and carry a lower incidence of stomal complications. Colonic conduits respond more favourably to acute occlusion and produce a significantly lower rate of pyelonephritis at 3 months.These factors suggest that colonic conduits offer a definite advantage for long‐term urinary diversion.
Whole Body Potassium in Patients with Uretero‐sigmoid Anastomoses
Authors: BODDY KEITH , KING PRISCILLA C. , STEWART W. K. , FLEMING LAURA W. 
Published: November 2008

SummaryTotal body potassium was measured by whole body counting in 11 patients with uretero‐sigmoid anastomoses who had undergone cystectomy 4 months to 13 years previously.The measured total body potassium was not significantly different in any of the patients from the “normal” value for the individual patients, predicted from height and age. It was only significantly different from that predicted from height, age and weight in 1 patient.In the series as a whole, the measured values of whole body potassium were not significantly different from the “normal” values estimated by either relationship.From measurements of skinfold thickness, the lean body mass of each patient was estimated. The mean potassium content, 62·0 mEq/kg LBM in the male patients was within the normal range.The absence of potassium depletion may derive from the successful abolition of hyperchloraemic acidosis by long‐term alkali therapy.
Plasma Zinc Levels in Prostatic Disease
Authors: WILLDEN ELIZABETH G. , ROBINSON M. R. G. 
Published: November 2008

SummaryPlasma zinc concentrations rise in men over the age of 55 years and fall in women of a similar age‐group. They are higher in men with clinically diagnosed benign prostatic hyperplasia, but the level does not appear to be related to the size of the gland. Plasma zinc concentrations are not helpful in the diagnosis or management of carcinoma of the prostate, but may prove useful in excluding this diagnosis.
The Concentration of Sulphamethoxazole and Trimethoprim in Human Prostate Gland
Authors: OOSTERLINCK W. , DEFOORT R. , RENDERS G. 
Published: November 2008

SummarySulphamethoxazole and trimethoprim concentrations were measured in 19 enucleated human prostate glands.Good concentrations of sulphamethoxazole were found after 4 days of treatment: the ratio of plasma concentration to that of prostate varied from 1·25 to 3·29. The trimethoprim concentrations were 2 to 3 times higher in the prostate than in the plasma. These high concentrations were reached very rapidly after the first dose of trimethoprim.The results are compared with data from the literature.The combination sulphamethoxazole‐trimethoprim should be of value in the treatment of bacterial prostatitis.
Sarcoidosis of the Penis treated by Radiotherapy
Authors: WHITTAKER M. , ANDERSON C. K. , CLARK P. B. 
Published: November 2008

SummaryA case of sarcoidosis of the penis is reported which initially caused ulceration around the external urethral meatus.After an immediate response to steroid therapy, the disease recurred locally in spite of continuing therapy and involved other parts of the penis.Partial amputation of the penis was performed but further ulceration occurred at the cut ends of the corpora cavernosa in the penile stump. This ulceration healed after radiotherapy.
Structural and Molecular Basis of the Role of Starch and Sucrose in
Streptococcus mutans
Biofilm Development
Authors: Klein M. I. , Duarte S. , Xiao J. , Mitra S. , Foster T. H. , Koo H. 
Published: November 2008

ABSTRACT

The interaction of sucrose and starch with bacterial glucosyltransferases and human salivary amylase may enhance the pathogenic potential of
Streptococcus mutans
within biofilms by influencing the structural organization of the extracellular matrix and modulating the expression of genes involved in exopolysaccharide synthesis and specific sugar transport and two-component systems.
Differential Effects of
Bifidobacterium pseudolongum
Strain Patronus and Metronidazole in the Rat Gut
Authors: Vasquez Nadia , Suau Antonia , Magne Fabien , Pochart Philippe , Pélissier Marie-Agnès 
Published: November 2008

ABSTRACT

In the luminal contents of metronidazole-treated rats, there was a dominant
Bifidobacterium
species. A strain has been isolated, its 16S rRNA gene has been sequenced, and the strain has been named
Bifidobacterium pseudolongum
strain Patronus. In this study, using an experimental model of healthy rats, the effects of metronidazole treatment and
B. pseudolongum
strain Patronus administration on the luminal and mucosa-associated microbiota and on gut oxidation processes were investigated. Metronidazole treatment and the daily gavage of rats with
B. pseudolongum
strain Patronus increased the numbers of bifidobacteria in cecal contents and in cecal mucosa-associated microbiota compared with those in control rats. Metronidazole reduced the colonic oxidative damage to proteins. This is the first evidence that
B. pseudolongum
strain Patronus exerts an effect on a biomarker of oxidative damage by reducing the susceptibility to oxidation of proteins in the colon and the small bowel. Antioxidant effects of metronidazole could be linked to the bifidobacterial increase but also to other bacterial modifications.
Comparative Proteomic Analysis of
Listeria monocytogenes
Strains F2365 and EGD
Authors: Donaldson Janet R. , Nanduri Bindu , Burgess Shane C. , Lawrence Mark L. 
Published: November 2008

ABSTRACT

Listeria monocytogenes
is a gram-positive, food-borne pathogen that causes disease in both humans and animals. There are three major genetic lineages of
L. monocytogenes
and 13 serovars. To further our understanding of the differences that exist between different genetic lineages/serovars of
L. monocytogenes
, we analyzed the global protein expression of the serotype 1/2a strain EGD and the serotype 4b strain F2365 during early-stationary-phase growth at 37°C. Using multidimensional protein identification technology with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry, we identified 1,754 proteins from EGD and 1,427 proteins from F2365, of which 1,077 were common to both. Analysis of proteins that had significantly altered expression between strains revealed potential biological differences between these two
L. monocytogenes
strains. In particular, the strains differed in expression of proteins involved in cell wall physiology and flagellar biosynthesis, as well as DNA repair proteins and stress response proteins.
Detection and Characterization of Waterborne Gastroenteritis Viruses in Urban Sewage and Sewage-Polluted River Waters in Caracas, Venezuela
Authors: Rodríguez-Díaz J. , Querales L. , Caraballo L. , Vizzi E. , Liprandi F. , Takiff H. , Betancourt W. Q. 
Published: November 2008

ABSTRACT
The detection and molecular characterization of pathogenic human viruses in urban sewage have been used extensively to derive information on circulating viruses in given populations throughout the world. In this study, a similar approach was applied to provide an overview of the epidemiology of waterborne gastroenteritis viruses circulating in urban areas of Caracas, the capital city of Venezuela in South America. Dry season sampling was conducted in sewers and in a major river severely polluted with urban sewage discharges. Nested PCR was used for detection of human adenoviruses (HAds), while reverse transcription plus nested or seminested PCR was used for detection of enteroviruses (HuEVs), rotaviruses (HRVs), noroviruses (HuNoVs), and astroviruses (HAstVs). HRVs were fully characterized with genotype-specific primers for VP4 (genotype P), VP7 (genotype G), and the rotavirus nonstructural protein 4 (NSP4). HuNoVs and HAstVs were characterized by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. The detection rates of all viruses were ≥50%, and all sampling events were positive for at least one of the pathogenic viruses studied. The predominant HRV types found were G1, P[8], P[4], and NSP4A and -B. Genogroup II of HuNoVs and HAstV type 8 were frequently detected in sewage and sewage-polluted river waters. This study reveals relevant epidemiological data on the distribution and persistence of human pathogenic viruses in sewage-polluted waters and addresses the potential health risks associated with transmission of these viruses through water-related environmental routes.