bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Photoluminescence Enhancement of ZnS–AgInS2 Solid Solution Nanoparticles Layer-by-layer-assembled in Inorganic Multilayer Thin Films
Authors: Kameyama Tatsuya , Okazaki Ken-ichi , Ichikawa Yuji , Kudo Akihiko , Kuwabata Susumu , Torimoto Tsukasa 
Published: June 2008

Abstract
Multilayer films of layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanosheets and semiconductor nanoparticles of ZnS–AgInS2 solid solution (ZAIS) or CdS were prepared by a layer-by-layer deposition technique. The photoluminescence properties were remarkably dependent on the stacked structure of the films owing to the energy transfer from CdS to ZAIS nanoparticles.
Azobenzene–Helical Peptide Conjugate: Electronic Structure and Photoisomerization in Solution and on Surface
Authors: Wakabayashi Mika , Fujii Shigekatsu , Morita Tomoyuki , Kimura Shunsaku 
Published: June 2008

Abstract
A novel helical peptide derivative with an intervening azobenzene unit was synthesized, and the effects of the peptide segments on the electronic properties of the azobenzene unit, immobilization on solid surfaces, and photoisomerization in solution and on surface were studied.
Growth of ZnO Single Crystals by Annealing Sol–Gel-derived Films with PDMS Pre-pressing
Authors: Lee Jui-Chi , Leu Ing-Chi , Hon Min-Hsiung 
Published: June 2008

Abstract
We demonstrate a simple and novel approach for the low-temperature (400 °C) solid-state growth of ZnO micro- and nanorods directly from sol–gel-derived Al-doped ZnO films on silicon substrates without any catalyst. Hot pressing the films by a PDMS pad before annealing has been found to be effective for the creation of ZnO rods. A possible nucleation mechanism of ZnO rods has also been proposed.
Highly Selective NH3 Formation in a NO–CO–H2O Reaction over Pt/TiO2
Authors: Nanba Tetsuya , Masukawa Shouichi , Uchisawa Junko , Obuchi Akira 
Published: June 2008

Abstract
Pt/TiO2 showed high selectivity toward NH3 formation in the conversion of NO and CO in the presence of H2O, higher than that observed for the reaction of NO with H2.
Preparation of Mesoscopic TiO2–SnO2 Composite Grains by Spinodal Decomposition under 28 GHz Microwave Irradiation
Authors: Takizawa Hirotsugu , Hagiya Akio , Aoyagi Takuya , Hayashi Yamato 
Published: June 2008

Abstract
TiO2–SnO2 composite with the modulated lamellar structure was obtained within a short period by microwave irradiation using 28-GHz frequency. Single-phase solid solution with the rutile-type structure was formed at the early stage of irradiation, and the prolonged irradiation caused the formation of mesoscopic lamellar structure induced by spinodal decomposition. Such a nonequilibrium nature is believed to be due to selective heating behavior under microwave irradiation.
Microarchitecture Influences Microdamage Accumulation in Human Vertebral Trabecular Bone
Authors: Arlot Monique E , Burt-Pichat Brigitte , Roux Jean-Paul , Vashishth Deepak , Bouxsein Mary L , Delmas Pierre D 
Published: June 2008

Abstract
It has been suggested that accumulation of microdamage with age contributes to skeletal fragility. However, data on the age-related increase in microdamage and the association between microdamage and trabecular microarchitecture in human vertebral cancellous bone are limited. We quantified microdamage in cancellous bone from human lumbar (L2) vertebral bodies obtained from 23 donors 54–93 yr of age (8 men and 15 women). Damage was measured using histologic techniques of sequential labeling with chelating agents and was related to 3D microarchitecture, as assessed by high-resolution μCT. There were no significant differences between sexes, although women tended to have a higher microcrack density (Cr.Dn) than men. Cr.Dn increased exponentially with age (r = 0.65, p &lt; 0.001) and was correlated with bone volume fraction (BV/TV; r = −0.55; p &lt; 0.01), trabecular number (Tb.N; r = −0.56 p = 0.008), structure model index (SMI; r = 0.59; p = 0.005), and trabecular separation (Tb.Sp; r = 0.59; p &lt; 0.009). All architecture parameters were strongly correlated with each other and with BV/TV. Stepwise regression showed that SMI was the best predictor of microdamage, explaining 35% of the variance in Cr.Dn and 20% of the variance in diffuse damage accumulation. In addition, microcrack length was significantly greater in the highest versus lowest tertiles of SMI. In conclusion, in human vertebral cancellous bone, microdamage increases with age and is associated with low BV/TV and a rod-like trabecular architecture.
Older Men With Low Serum Estradiol and High Serum SHBG Have an Increased Risk of Fractures
Authors: Mellström Dan , Vandenput Liesbeth , Mallmin Hans , Holmberg Anna H , Lorentzon Mattias , Odén Anders , Johansson Helena , Orwoll Eric S , Labrie Fernand , Karlsson Magnus K , Ljunggren Östen , Ohlsson Claes 
Published: June 2008

Abstract
Osteoporosis-related fractures constitute a major health concern not only in women but also in men. To study the predictive role of serum sex steroids for fracture risk in men, serum sex steroids were analyzed by the specific gas chromatography-mass spectrometry technique at baseline in older men (n = 2639; mean, 75 yr of age) of the prospective population-based MrOS Sweden cohort. Fractures occurring after baseline were validated (average follow-up of 3.3 yr). The incidence for having at least one validated fracture after baseline was 20.9/1000 person-years. Estradiol (E2; hazard ratio [HR] per SD decrease, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.22–1.49), free estradiol (fE2; HR per SD decrease, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.28–1.55), testosterone (T; HR per SD decrease, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.16–1.39), and free testosterone (fT; HR per SD decrease, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.21–1.44) were all inversely, whereas sex hormone–binding globulin (SHBG; HR per SD increase, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.22–1.63) was directly related to fracture risk. Multivariable proportional hazards regression models, adjusted for age, suggested that fE2 and SHBG (p &lt; 0.001), but not fT, were independently associated with fracture risk. Further subanalyses of fracture type showed that fE2 was inversely associated with clinical vertebral fractures (HR per SD decrease, 1.57; 95% CI, 1.36–1.80), nonvertebral osteoporosis fractures (HR per SD decrease, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.23–1.65), and hip fractures (HR per SD decrease, 1.44; 95% CI, 1.18–1.76). The inverse relation between serum E2 and fracture risk was nonlinear with a strong relation &lt;16 pg/ml for E2 and 0.3 pg/ml for fE2. In conclusion, older Swedish men with low serum E2 and high SHBG levels have an increased risk of fractures.
Birth Weight and Gestational Age Characteristics of Children With Autism, Including a Comparison With Other Developmental Disabilities
Authors: Schendel Diana , Bhasin Tanya Karapurkar 
Published: June 2008

OBJECTIVES. The objectives of this study were to compare the birth weight and gestational age distributions and prevalence rates of autism with those of other developmental disabilities and to estimate the birth weight–and gestational age–specific risks for autism.METHODS. For the first objective, a retrospective cohort of children born in Atlanta, Georgia, in 1981–1993 who survived to 3 years of age was identified through vital records. Children in the cohort who had developmental disabilities (autism, mental retardation, cerebral palsy, hearing loss, or vision impairment) and were still residing in metropolitan Atlanta at 3 to 10 years of age were identified through the Metropolitan Atlanta Developmental Disabilities Surveillance Program. A nested case-control sample from the cohort was used for the second objective; all cohort children identified with autism were case participants, and control participants were cohort children who were not identified as having developmental disabilities or receiving special education services.RESULTS. The prevalence of autism in low birth weight or preterm children was markedly lower than those of other developmental disabilities. In multivariate analyses, birth weight of &lt;2500 g and preterm birth at &lt;33 weeks' gestation were associated with an approximately twofold increased risk for autism, although the magnitude of risk from these factors varied according to gender (higher in girls) and autism subgroup (higher for autism accompanied by other developmental disabilities). For example, a significant fourfold increased risk was observed in low birth weight girls for autism accompanied by mental retardation, whereas there was no significantly increased risk observed in low birth weight boys for autism alone.CONCLUSIONS. Gender and autism subgroup differences in birth weight and gestational age, resulting in lower gender ratios with declining birth weight or gestational age across all autism subgroups, might be markers for etiologic heterogeneity in autism.
Resuscitation of Preterm Neonates by Using Room Air or 100% Oxygen
Authors: Wang Casey L. , Anderson Christina , Leone Tina A. , Rich Wade , Govindaswami Balaji , Finer Neil N. 
Published: June 2008

OBJECTIVE. In this study of preterm neonates of &lt;32 weeks, we prospectively compared the use of room air versus 100% oxygen as the initial resuscitation gas.
METHODS. A 2-center, prospective, randomized, controlled trial of neonates with gestational ages of 23 to 32 weeks who required resuscitation was performed. The oxygen group was initially resuscitated with 100% oxygen, with decreases in the fraction of inspired oxygen after 5 minutes of life if pulse oxygen saturation was &gt;95%. The room air group was initially resuscitated with 21% oxygen, which was increased to 100% oxygen if compressions were performed or if the heart rate was &lt;100 beats per minute at 2 minutes of life. Oxygen was increased in 25% increments if pulse oxygen saturation was &lt;70% at 3 minutes of life or &lt;80% at 5 minutes of life.
RESULTS. Twenty-three infants in the oxygen group (mean gestational age: 27.6 weeks; range: 24–31 weeks; mean birth weight: 1013 g; range: 495–2309 g) and 18 in the room air group (mean gestational age: 28 weeks; range: 25–31 weeks; mean birth weight: 1091 g; range: 555–1840 g) were evaluated. Every resuscitated patient in the room air group met rescue criteria and received an increase in the fraction of inspired oxygen by 3 minutes of life, 6 patients directly to 100% and 12 with incremental increases. Pulse oxygen saturation was significantly lower in the room air group from 2 to 10 minutes (pulse oxygen saturation at 3 minutes: 55% in the room air group vs 87% in the oxygen group). Heart rates did not differ between groups in the first 10 minutes of life, and there were no differences in secondary outcomes.
CONCLUSIONS. Resuscitation with room air failed to achieve our target oxygen saturation by 3 minutes of life, and we recommend that it not be used for preterm neonates.
Etiologic and Audiologic Evaluations After Universal Neonatal Hearing Screening: Analysis of 170 Referred Neonates
Authors: Declau Frank , Boudewyns An , Van den Ende Jenneke , Peeters Anouk , van den Heyning Paul 
Published: June 2008

OBJECTIVE. The goal was to clarify the audiologic aspects and causes of congenital hearing loss in children who failed universal neonatal hearing screening.
METHODS. A prospective analysis of 170 consecutive records of neonates referred to a tertiary center after universal neonatal hearing screening failure, between 1998 and 2006, was performed. The data presented here represent the equivalent of ∼87000 screened newborns. The screening results were validated with a clinical ear, nose, and throat examination and electrophysiological testing, including diagnostic auditory brainstem response, automated steady state response, and/or behavioral testing. A diagnostic evaluation protocol for identification of the cause of the hearing loss was also implemented, in collaboration with the departments of genetics and pediatrics.
RESULTS. Permanent hearing loss was confirmed in 116 children (68.2%). Bilateral hearing loss was diagnosed in 68 infants (58.6%) and unilateral hearing loss in 48 infants (41.4%). Median thresholds for the neonates with confirmed hearing loss were severe in both unilateral and bilateral cases, at 70 dB nHL and 80 dB nHL, respectively. In 55.8% of those cases, no risk factors for hearing loss were found. In 60.4%, the initial automated auditory brainstem response diagnosis was totally in agreement with the audiologic evaluation results. In 8.3% of the cases, however, a unilateral refer result was finally classified as bilateral hearing loss. An etiologic factor could be identified in 55.2% of the cases. Of the causes identified, a genetic mechanism was present in 60.4% of the cases, peripartal problems in 20.8%, and congenital cytomegalovirus infection in 18.8%.
CONCLUSIONS. An etiologic factor could be identified for nearly one half of the children with confirmed congenital hearing loss referred through a universal hearing screening program.
High Sucrose Intake Is Associated With Poor Quality of Diet and Growth Between 13 Months and 9 Years of Age: The Special Turku Coronary Risk Factor Intervention Project
Authors: Ruottinen Soile , Niinikoski Harri , Lagström Hanna , Rönnemaa Tapani , Hakanen Maarit , Viikari Jorma , Jokinen Eero , Simell Olli 
Published: June 2008

BACKGROUND. Previous studies have suggested that interventions to lower dietary fat content and improved fat quality lead to a compensatory increase in sucrose content.OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this work was to determine what associations exist between sucrose intake and intake of nutrients, intake of specific foods, and growth in children aged 13 months to 9 years of age in the prospective, randomized Special Turku Coronary Risk Factor Intervention Project.SUBJECTS AND METHODS. Nutrient intake and food consumption were evaluated annually at ages 13 months through 9 years by using food records. Altogether, 543 children were divided into 3 groups according to mean sucrose intake: constantly high sucrose intake (highest 10%), constantly low sucrose intake (lowest 10%), and average sucrose intake (80%). Absolute and relative weights and heights were recorded at 7, 13, and 24 months of age and annually thereafter until 9 years old.RESULTS. The high sucrose-intake group exceeded the recommended sucrose intake (&lt;10% of energy intake, World Health Organization) already at the age of 2 years. Energy and total fat intake did not differ between the sucrose-intake groups. Children with low and average sucrose intake consumed more protein and had a better dietary fat quality than children with high sucrose intake. They also tended to receive more vitamin E, niacin, calcium, iron, zinc, and dietary fiber than children who consumed a high sucrose diet. Children in the low sucrose-intake group consumed more grains, vegetables, and dairy products than the other children. Sugar intake had no direct association with obesity, but weight, height, and BMI of children differed between the sucrose-intake groups between 7 months and 9 years of age.CONCLUSIONS. In children aged 13 months to 9 years, long-term low sucrose intake is associated with better nutrient intake and growth than high sucrose intake.
Factors Influencing Parental Satisfaction With Neonatal Intensive Care Among the Families of Moderately Premature Infants
Authors: McCormick Marie C. , Escobar Gabriel J. , Zheng Zheng , Richardson Douglas K. 
Published: June 2008

OBJECTIVE. The goal was to examine the factors influencing parental satisfaction with neonatal intensive care for moderately premature infants in 10 hospitals in Massachusetts and California.METHODS. A total of 677 infants without major anomalies or chromosomal disorders who were born between 30 and 34 weeks of gestation in the participating hospitals and discharged alive were included. Parental satisfaction with neonatal intensive care was ascertained 3 months after discharge by using a previously developed scale of 12 Likert items (scored 1–5), addressing such issues as perceptions regarding the staff providing emotional support, information, or education. The questionnaire, which was administered by telephone, also included parental ratings of child health and reports of subsequent health care use, sociodemographic characteristics, and history of infertility treatment. Data on the prenatal, perinatal, and neonatal course were abstracted from the medical charts, and the factors associated with parental satisfaction were analyzed.RESULTS. Parental satisfaction with neonatal intensive care varied significantly across the 10 hospitals. The major predictors of satisfaction were sociodemographic characteristics, history of infertility treatment, and especially parental ratings of child health 3 months after discharge, rather than aspects of the perinatal or neonatal course. Controlling for these factors, differences across hospitals were not statistically significant. However, the variance explained by all of the measured factors, including child health rating, was modest (19%).CONCLUSIONS. Although we included variables across the full spectrum of neonatal intensive care, we found that the major predictor of parental satisfaction with neonatal intensive care was child health at the time of the interview, followed by sociodemographic factors and previous infertility treatment. However, the variance explained was limited, which suggests that research is needed on the factors influencing satisfaction.
Accuracy of Bedside Electroencephalographic Monitoring in Comparison With Simultaneous Continuous Conventional Electroencephalography for Seizure Detection in Term Infants
Authors: Shah Divyen K. , Mackay Mark T. , Lavery Shelly , Watson Susan , Harvey A. Simon , Zempel John , Mathur Amit , Inder Terrie E. 
Published: June 2008

OBJECTIVE. Our goals were to compare (1) single-channel amplitude-integrated electroencephalography alone, (2) 2-channel amplitude-integrated electroencephalography alone, and (3) amplitude-integrated electroencephalography plus 2-channel electroencephalography with simultaneous continuous conventional electroencephalography for seizure detection in term infants to check the accuracy of limited channels and compare the different modalities of bedside electroencephalography monitoring.
METHODS. Infants referred to a tertiary center with clinical seizures underwent simultaneous continuous conventional electroencephalography and 2-channel (C3-P3 and C4-P4) bedside monitoring. Off-line analysis of the continuous conventional electroencephalographic results was performed independently by 2 neurologists. Two experienced neonatal readers reviewed results obtained with amplitude-integrated electroencephalography and 2-channel electroencephalography combined and single-channel and 2-channel amplitude-integrated electroencephalography. All readings were performed independently and then compared.
RESULTS. Twenty-one term newborns were monitored. Seizures were detected in 7 patients who had up to 12 electrical seizures, with 1 infant in status epilepticus. Seizures were identified correctly in 6 of 7 patients with amplitude-integrated electroencephalography plus 2-channel electroencephalography. The missed infant had an isolated 12-second seizure. With amplitude-integrated electroencephalography plus 2-channel electroencephalography, 31 of 41 non–status epilepticus seizures were correctly identified (sensitivity, 76%; specificity, 78%; positive predictive value, 78%; negative predictive value, 78%), with a substantial level of interrater agreement. The seizures missed were predominantly slow sharp waves of occipital origin from a single patient (7 of 10 seizures). Nine false-positive results were obtained in 351 hours of recording (1 false-positive result per 39 hours). These were thought to be related to muscle, electrode, and patting artifacts. Use of amplitude-integrated electroencephalography alone (1 or 2 channel) provided low sensitivity (27%–56%) and low interobserver agreement.
CONCLUSIONS. Limited-channel bedside electroencephalography combining amplitude-integrated electroencephalography with 2-channel electroencephalography, interpreted by experienced neonatal readers, detected the majority of electrical seizures in at-risk newborn infants.
B-Type Natriuretic Peptide in the Emergency Diagnosis of Critical Heart Disease in Children
Authors: Maher Kevin O. , Reed Heather , Cuadrado Angel , Simsic Janet , Mahle William T. , DeGuzman Michael , Leong Traci , Bandyopadhyay Subhankar 
Published: June 2008

OBJECTIVE. The initial presentation of congenital and acquired heart disease in children can present a diagnostic challenge. We sought to evaluate B-type natriuretic peptide as a marker of critical heart disease in children at presentation in the acute care setting.
METHODS. A cohort of 33 pediatric patients with newly diagnosed congenital or acquired heart disease had B-type natriuretic peptide levels obtained on hospital admission after evaluation in an acute care setting. Patients were admitted from March 2005 through February 2007. A noncardiac cohort of 70 pediatric patients who presented with respiratory or infectious complaints had B-type natriuretic peptide levels obtained during emergency department evaluation. A comparison of B-type natriuretic peptide results was performed.
RESULTS. Cardiac diagnoses included cardiomyopathy (14), left-sided obstructive lesions (12), anomalous left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery (4), total anomalous pulmonary venous return (2), and patent ductus arteriosus (1). Cardiac cohort mean age at presentation was 33.6 months. The 33 patients with new cardiac diagnoses had a mean B-type natriuretic peptide level of 3290 pg/mL (SD: ±1609; range: 521 to &gt;5000 pg/mL). The 70 noncardiac patients' mean age at presentation was 23.1 month, and mean B-type natriuretic peptide level was 17.4 pg/mL (SD: ±20; range: &lt;5 to 174 pg/mL).
CONCLUSIONS. B-type natriuretic peptide levels were markedly elevated at presentation in the acute care setting for all patients in this cohort of children with newly diagnosed congenital or acquired heart disease. B-type natriuretic peptide levels from noncardiac patients were significantly lower, with no overlap to the cardiac disease group. B-type natriuretic peptide level can be useful as a diagnostic marker to aid in the recognition of pediatric critical heart disease in the acute care setting.
Human Milk Consumption and Full Enteral Feeding Among Infants Who Weigh ≤1250 Grams
Authors: Sisk Paula M. , Lovelady Cheryl A. , Gruber Kenneth J. , Dillard Robert G. , O'Shea T. Michael 
Published: June 2008

OBJECTIVE. Establishing enteral feeding is an important goal in the care of very low birth weight infants. In such infants, receipt of ≥50 mL/kg per day human milk during hospitalization has been associated with shorter time to full enteral feeding. The objective of this study was to determine whether high proportions (≥50%) of human milk during feeding advancement are associated with shorter time to full enteral feeding and improved feeding tolerance.METHODS. This was a prospective cohort study of very low birth weight infants (n = 127) who were grouped into low (&lt;50%; n = 34) and high (≥50%; n = 93) human milk consumption groups according to their human milk proportion of enteral feeding during the time of feeding advancement. The primary outcomes of interest were ages at which 100 and 150 mL/kg per day enteral feedings were achieved.RESULTS. The high human milk group reached 100 mL/kg per day enteral feeding 4.5 days faster than the low human milk group. The high human milk group reached 150 mL/kg per day enteral feeding 5 days faster than the low human milk group. After adjustment for gestational age, gender, and respiratory distress syndrome, times to reach 100 and 150 mL/kg per day were significantly shorter for those in the high human milk group. Infants in the high human milk group had a greater number of stools per day; other indicators of feeding tolerance were not statistically different.CONCLUSION. In infants who weighed ≤1250 g, enteral feeding that contained at least 50% maternal human milk was associated with fewer days to full enteral feedings.