bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High-resolution X-Ray Spectroscopy of Interstellar Iron toward Cygnus X-1 and GX 339-4
Authors: Corrales Lía , Gotthelf Eric V. , Gatuzz Efrain , Kallman Timothy R. , Lee Julia C. , Martins Michael , Paerels Frits , Psaradaki Ioanna , Schippers Stefan , Savin Daniel Wolf 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
We present a high-resolution spectral study of Fe L-shell extinction by the diffuse interstellar medium (ISM) in the direction of the X-ray binaries Cygnus X-1 and GX 339–4, using the XMM-Newton reflection grating spectrometer. The majority of interstellar Fe is suspected to condense into dust grains in the diffuse ISM, but the compounds formed from this process are unknown. Here, we use the laboratory cross sections from Kortright & Kim (2000) and Lee et al. (2005) to model the absorption and scattering profiles of metallic Fe, and the crystalline compounds fayalite (Fe2SiO4), ferrous sulfate (FeSO4), hematite (α-Fe2O3), and lepidocrocite (γ-FeOOH), which have oxidation states ranging from Fe0 to Fe3+. We find that the observed Fe L-shell features are systematically offset in energy from the laboratory measurements. An examination of over two dozen published measurements of Fe L-shell absorption finds a 1–2 eV scatter in energy positions of the L-shell features. Motivated by this, we fit for the best energy-scale shift simultaneously with the fine structure of the Fe L-shell extinction cross sections. Hematite and lepidocrocite provide the best fits (≈ + 1.1 eV shift), followed by fayalite (≈ + 1.8 eV shift). However, fayalite is disfavored, based on the implied abundances and knowledge of ISM silicates gained by infrared astronomical observations and meteoritic studies. We conclude that iron oxides in the Fe3+ oxidation state are good candidates for Fe-bearing dust. To verify this, new absolute photoabsorption measurements are needed on an energy scale accurate to better than 0.2 eV.
Fermi Large Area Telescope Detection of Gamma Rays from the NGC 6251 Radio Lobe
Authors: Yu Yu-Wei , Zhang Hai-Ming , Gan Ying-Ying , Hu Xin-Ke , Wu Tan-Zheng , Zhang Jin 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
We report the detection of extended γ-ray emission from lobes in the radio galaxy NGC 6251 using observation data from the Fermi Large Area Telescope. The maximum likelihood analysis results show that a radio morphology template provides a better fit than a pointlike source description for the observational data at a confidence level of 8.1σ, and the contribution of lobes constitutes more than 50% of the total γ-ray flux. Furthermore, the γ-ray energy spectra show a significant disparity in shape between the core and lobe regions, with a curved log-parabola shape observed in the core region and a power-law form observed in the lobes. Neither the core region nor the northwest (NW) lobe displays significant flux variations in the long-term γ-ray light curves. The broadband spectral energy distributions of the core region and the NW lobe can be explained with a single-zone leptonic model. The γ-rays of the core region are due to the synchrotron-self-Compton process, while the γ-rays from the NW lobe are interpreted as inverse Compton emission of the cosmic microwave background.
Assessment of SDSS-derived Galaxy Morphologies Using HST Imaging
Authors: Osborne Chandler , Salim Samir 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) was foundational to the study of galaxy evolution, having revealed the bimodality of galaxies and the relationship between their structure and star-forming activity. However, ground-based optical surveys like SDSS are limited in resolution and depth, which may lead to biases or poor quality in the derived morphological properties, potentially impacting our understanding of how and why galaxies cease their star formation (quench). We use archival Hubble Space Telescope (HST) imaging of ∼2000 SDSS objects to assess the reliability of SDSS-derived morphologies, taking advantage of both SDSS statistical samples and HST’s superior resolution and sensitivity. Single Sérsic fitting and bulge-disk decomposition is performed on HST images for direct comparison with SDSS results. Of the three catalogs of SDSS-derived morphologies considered, none is significantly more accurate or precise than the others. For disk-dominated galaxies (n < 2.5), global Sérsic indices (n) from Meert et al. (hereafter, M15) are preferred. For bulge-dominated galaxies (n > 2.5), Simard et al. (hereafter, S11) and M15 overestimate n by ∼20%, and derived global n from Blanton et al. are preferred. We provide an empirical relation to correct S11 global Sérsic indices. Global R
eff from S11 overestimates R
eff for the largest galaxies by 0.1 dex. Despite these moderate biases, SDSS-derived single-component parameters are generally significantly more robust than SDSS-derived two-component parameters. The bulge Sérsic index (n
bulge) cannot be reliably constrained from SDSS imaging at all, whereas the bulge-to-total (B/T) ratio can be inferred from SDSS (provided that n
bulge = 4 is enforced) but has a large random error of ∼0.2.
Constraining Protoplanetary Disk Winds from Forbidden Line Profiles with Simulation-based Inference
Authors: Nemer Ahmad , Hahn ChangHoon , Li 李 Jiaxuan 嘉轩 , Melchior Peter , Goodman Jeremy 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Protoplanetary disks (PPDs) are sites of vigorous hydrodynamic processes, such as accretion and outflows, and ultimately establish the conditions for the formation of planets. The properties of disk outflows are often inferred through the analysis of forbidden emission lines. These lines contain multiple overlapping components, tracing different emission regions with different processes that excite them: a high-velocity component (tracing a jet), a broad low-velocity component (LVC; tracing inner disk wind), and a narrow LVC (tracing the outer disk wind). They are also heavily contaminated by background spectral features. All of these challenges call into question the traditional approach of fitting Gaussian components to the line profiles and cloud the physical interpretation of those components. We introduce a novel statistical technique to analyze emission lines in PPDs. Simulation-based inference is a computationally efficient machine-learning technique that produces posterior distributions of the parameters (e.g., magnetic field, radiation sources, and geometry) of a representative wind model when given a spectrum without any prior assumption about line shapes (e.g., symmetry). In this pathfinder study, we demonstrate that this technique indeed accurately recovers the parameters from simulated spectra without noise and background. Future work will provide an analysis of the observed spectra.
Merger-tree-based Galaxy Matching: A Comparative Study across Different Resolutions
Authors: Jung Minyong , Kim Ji-hoon , Oh Boon Kiat , Hong Sungwook E. , Lee Jaehyun , Kim Juhan 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
We introduce a novel halo/galaxy matching technique between two cosmological simulations with different resolutions, which utilizes the positions and masses of halos along their subhalo merger tree. With this tool, we conduct a study of resolution biases through the galaxy-by-galaxy inspection of a pair of simulations that have the same simulation configuration but different mass resolutions, utilizing a suite of IllustrisTNG simulations to assess the impact on galaxy properties. We find that, with the subgrid physics model calibrated for TNG100-1, subhalos in TNG100-1 (high resolution) have ≲0.5 dex higher stellar masses than their counterparts in the TNG100-2 (low resolution). It is also discovered that the subhalos with M
gas ∼ 108.5
M
⊙ in TNG100-1 have ∼0.5 dex higher gas mass than those in TNG100-2. The mass profiles of the subhalos reveal that the dark matter masses of subhalos in TNG100-2 converge well with those from TNG100-1, except within 4 kpc of the resolution limit. The differences in stellar mass and hot gas mass are most pronounced in the central region. We exploit machine learning to build a correction mapping for the physical quantities of subhalos from low- to high-resolution simulations (TNG300-1 and TNG100-1), which enables us to find an efficient way to compile a high-resolution galaxy catalog even from a low-resolution simulation. Our tools can easily be applied to other large cosmological simulations, testing and mitigating the resolution biases of their numerical codes and subgrid physics models.
Spectral Typing with Artificial Intelligence: Classifying Low-resolution Near-infrared Spectra of Standard M/L/T Dwarfs
Authors: Zhou Tianxing , Theissen Christopher A. , Burgasser Adam J. , Best William M. J. , Feeser S. Jean 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
We investigate the application of supervised machine learning models to directly infer the spectral types of ultracool dwarfs (dwarf spectral types ≥M6) using binned fluxes as feature labels. We compare the ability of two machine learning frameworks, k-Nearest Neighbor (kNN) and Random Forest (RF), to classify low-resolution near-infrared spectra of M6 to T9 dwarfs (3100 K ≳ T
eff ≳ 500 K). We used a synthetic training data set of 2400 spectra generated from 24 spectral type standards and validated our models on 315 spectra with previous literature classifications. Classification accuracies within ± 1 subtype were 98.4% ± 0.7% for the kNN model and 95.6% ± 1.2% for the RF model, indicating the kNN performs marginally better for spectral-type estimation. Future studies will explore a broader range of stellar properties such as metallicity, gravity, and cloud characteristics and additional machine learning models.
Algérie : un silence en héritage, une enfance confisquée
Authors: Ouandelous Nassima , Zenad Kahina , Bennabi-Bensekhar Malika 
Published: April 2024

Suite à la « décennie noire » (1991 – 2002), la mémoire d’un « passé qui ne passe pas » subsiste encore. L’impossibilité à situer toutes les responsabilités et l’absence d’un processus de symbolisation à effet subjectivant et réparateur chargent de honte, d’effroi et de vide la mémoire collective. En nous appuyant sur deux illustrations cliniques, nous montrons que, s’il est passé sous silence, le vécu traumatique des parents traverse les générations et peut se rejouer chez leurs enfants en produisant des troubles du développement psychique caractéristiques. Ceux-ci peuvent être envisagés comme des manifestations d’apories de la transmission transgénérationnelle. Paradoxalement, grâce au clivage et au désordre, ils peuvent aussi apparaître comme une façon de lutter contre cet héritage qui se prolonge dans la psyché. Un travail d’historicisation est donc nécessaire dans la prise en charge des dyades parents-enfants afin que les trajectoires familiales et l’origine des symptômes soient mises en sens.
Psychologie raciale et médecine : la construction d’une « mentalité africaine » dans le contexte colonial français (XIX e -XX e siècles)
Authors: Peiretti-Courtis Delphine 
Published: April 2024

Cet article met en lumière le développement des études médicales sur les caractères « moraux » des peuples et plus spécifiquement des Africain.es et la constitution d’un imaginaire puissant sur l’existence d’une supposé « mentalité africaine », au cours du XIX e siècle et de la première moitié du XX e siècle. Les méthodes de la médecine clinique et de l’anthropologie raciale se voient appliquées à la psychologie des peuples dans un but scientifique mais également économique et politique dans le contexte colonial. L’un des objectifs de l’article est d’éclairer les permanences de ces représentations tout au long de la période, mais également les ruptures et évolutions diverses, liées à l’apport de nouvelles sciences. À partir des premières décennies du XX e siècle, la psychologie des individus n’est en effet plus uniquement déterminée par l’idée de race, mais par d’autres facteurs, externes, comme le milieu, l’alimentation ou la culture. Si l’essentialisation n’est plus biologique, elle est désormais culturelle.
Enterovirus 71 Activates Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell–Dependent PSGL-1 Binding Independent of Productive Infection
Authors: Zhang Xuyuan , Yin Zhao , Zhang Jialong , Guo Hao , Li Jingyun , Nie Xiaohua , Wang Shouli , Zhang Liguo 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Enterovirus 71 (EV71) is a significant causative agent of hand, foot, and mouth disease, with potential serious neurologic complications or fatal outcomes. The lack of effective treatments for EV71 infection is attributed to its elusive pathogenicity. Our study reveals that human plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), the main type I IFN–producing cells, selectively express scavenger receptor class B, member 2 (SCARB2) and P-selectin glycoprotein ligand 1 (PSGL-1), crucial cellular receptors for EV71. Some strains of EV71 can replicate within pDCs and stimulate IFN-α production. The activation of pDCs by EV71 is hindered by Abs to PSGL-1 and soluble PSGL-1, whereas Abs to SCARB2 and soluble SCARB2 have a less pronounced effect. Our data suggest that only strains binding to PSGL-1, more commonly found in severe cases, can replicate in pDCs and induce IFN-α secretion, highlighting the importance of PSGL-1 in these processes. Furthermore, IFN-α secretion by pDCs can be triggered by EV71 or UV-inactivated EV71 virions, indicating that productive infection is not necessary for pDC activation. These findings provide new insights into the interaction between EV71 and pDCs, suggesting that pDC activation could potentially mitigate the severity of EV71-related diseases.
Shoulder and Elbow Symptoms in Dutch High School Baseball Pitchers: Results of a Two-Season Prospective Study
Authors: Leenen A. J. R. , Hoozemans M. J. M. , van Dis Femke , van der Graaff Erik , Veeger H. E. J. , Verhagen E. A. L. M. 
Published: April 2024

Context
Baseball pitching requires fast and coordinated motions of the whole body to reach high ball speeds, putting considerable strain on the musculoskeletal system, particularly the shoulder and elbow.

Objective
To describe musculoskeletal symptoms and the functional status of the shoulder and elbow in male high school baseball pitchers.

Design
Descriptive epidemiology study.

Setting
Dutch baseball talent academies.

Patients or Other Participants
One hundred twenty-five male high school baseball pitchers aged 12 to 18 years who participated in 1 of the 6 Dutch baseball talent academies and the Dutch National U-18 team were recruited and enrolled.

Main Outcome Measure(s)
Musculoskeletal symptoms, functional status of the shoulder and elbow were registered for each player every 6 months over 2 consecutive baseball seasons through self-assessment questionnaires, including the Kerlan-Jobe Orthopaedic Clinic (KJOC) and the Western Ontario Shoulder Instability Index (WOSI) questionnaires.

Results
Five hundred seventy musculoskeletal (MSS) symptoms in 93 of the 125 players were reported. The average 6-month prevalence for symptoms of the throwing shoulder was 37% (95% CI = 33%–41%), and for the elbow 37% (95% CI = 31%–42%), followed by the lower back with 36% (95% CI = 26%–45%). The baseball pitchers who experienced only shoulder symptoms had an average KJOC score of 80.0 (95% CI = 75.3–84.7) points, whereas those with only elbow symptoms reported a score of 90.2 (95% CI = 89.2–95.3). On the WOSI questionnaire, baseball pitchers scored an average of 421.2 (95% CI = 200.1–642.4) points.

Conclusions
In a cohort of Dutch high school baseball pitchers, one-third reported shoulder and elbow symptoms on the throwing side, with reduced functional status and lower back symptoms. Future efforts should focus on developing preventive strategies through early symptom detection, aiming to prevent symptom progression and, ultimately, the development of severe injuries.
Athletic Trainers’ Perceptions of Implementing Psychological Strategies for Patient Management: A Systematic Review
Authors: Brinkman Caitlin , Reiche Elaine , Baez Shelby 
Published: April 2024

Objective
To synthesize the best available evidence regarding the perceptions and current clinical practices of athletic trainers (ATs) in integrating psychological skills into patient management.

Data Sources
PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL; via EBSCOhost), PsycInfo (via EBSCOhost), SPORTDiscus (via EBSCOhost), and Scopus (via Elsevier).

Study Selection
Studies had to investigate the current clinical practices and perceptions of certified ATs in integrating psychologically informed practice for patient management. Studies that had level 4 evidence or higher were included. Studies were excluded if they were published before 1999, the primary language was not English, they involved athletic training students or other rehabilitation specialists, or they explored the athlete’s and/or patient’s perception of psychosocial techniques or strategies.

Data Extraction
This systematic review is reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020 Statement in Exercise, Rehabilitation, Sport Medicine and Sports Science guidance.

Data Synthesis
A total of 1857 articles were reviewed, and 8 met inclusion criteria. Two studies had level 2a evidence, 4 studies had level 4a evidence, and 2 studies had level 4b evidence. Six studies were rated as good quality, and 2 studies were rated as lesser quality. The included studies demonstrated a high-quality body of evidence with consistent results, which strengthens the review findings.

Conclusions
Athletic trainers have the knowledge to identify when athletes are psychologically affected by injury and can identify common psychological responses. Although ATs acknowledge the value of implementing psychosocial strategies, a lack of confidence in implementing basic or advanced techniques, feeling underprepared by their educational program, and a lack of clinical training appear to affect the use of psychosocial techniques in clinical practice and the rate of mental health recognition and referral among ATs.
The impact of age and education level in the linguistic validation of the Acute Cystitis Symptom Score (ACSS) Questionnaire
Authors: Stamatiou Konstantinos , Samara Evangelia , Alidjanov Jakhongir F , Naber Kurt G , Pilatz Adrian , Wagenlehner Florian M 
Published: April 2024

Introduction/Purpose:
The Acute Cystitis Symptom Score (ACSS) was developed as a simple and self-reporting questionnaire for diagnosing and monitoring acute uncomplicated cystitis in female patients. It consists of 18 questions placed in four subcategories: (1) typical symptoms, (2) differential diagnosis, (3) quality of life and (4) coexisting gynecological conditions. It has been translated into many languages. The purpose of this work is the linguistic evaluation of ACSS in the Greek language.

Materials and Methods:
The translation of ACSS into Greek was carried out in accordance with international standards and guidelines. The process consisted of 4 stages: in the 1st and 2nd stage a translation was made into the target language (Greek) from the original (Russian, English) by native speakers, while reverse translation and re-evaluation was made by experts whose mother tongue language is the target language. In stage 3, a cognitive assessment was performed by female subjects with and without a history of uncomplicated urinary tract infection. At this stage, based on the degree of understanding, the final draft was chosen between the two drafts of different origins (Russian or English). In stage 4: the final clinical evaluation was performed by female subjects with acute episode of uncomplicated cystitis (Arm 1 - Patients) and female subjects undergoing treatment for any other diseases (Arm 2 - Control). The Memorandum of Understanding between the Greek Study Group of ACSS and the copyright holders of ACSS was made on 17 November 2019 while it has been approved by the Ethics Committee of the Hospital. The diagnosis of acute uncomplicated cystitis was made based on the history and results of laboratory findings.

Results:
The two pre-final versions in Greek were randomly applied to 15 healthy women aged between 89 and 22 years. The mean age of the final sample was 23.84 years. The level of education differed between a doctorate and a primary school diploma with most participants graduating from universities (8/30) and high school (8/30). According to the answers, 20 women would prefer the English standard translation, compared to 10 women, who preferred the Russian translation. The 2: 1 ratio was similar whether the participants had higher education or not. No significant difference was observed in the mean age of the participants who chose one or the other version.

Conclusion:
The process of translating and adapting a study instrument such as a questionnaire for a different ethnic group is a difficult task since it requires to adapt it in a culturally relevant and comprehensible form despite peculiarities of the target language. Considering these difficulties, we were able to develop a linguistically validated Greek version of the ACSS, which now can be used for clinical and research purposes in a multidisciplinary fashion.
Regeneration of periodontal ligament fibers around mini dental implants and their attachment to the bone in an animal model: A radiographic and histological study
Authors: Kukreja Bhavna Jha , Bhat Kishore G , Kukreja Pankaj , Nayak Ajaykumar , Kotrashetty Vijaylakshmi S , Dindawar Santosh , Balakrishnan Rajkumar 
Published: April 2024

Abstract:

Background:
Tissue-engineered periodontal ligament (PDL) around a dental implant by using PDL stem cells (PDLSCs) may be useful in periodontal regeneration and can reduce or eliminate certain shortcomings of dental implants.

Materials and Methods
PDLSCs were isolated from extracted human PDL cells and cultured in a bioreactor. They were identified using markers CD45, CD73, CD90, CD105, and CD146. After the formation of multiple cellular layers, they were then attached on titanium mini dental implants and placed in rabbit tibia. The rabbits were sacrificed after 9 months, and the implants were analyzed histologically and radiographically by Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT).

Results:
Isolated PDLSCs obtained from human premolars showed a colony-forming ability on the 7th day and 14th day. Immunocytochemistry revealed that cells had taken up the adequate positive stains for primary antibodies CD73, CD90, CD105, and CD146 and negative staining for CD45. The histological sections obtained from sacrificed rabbits, when viewed under the light microscope, clearly showed the presence of PDL around dental implants. CBCT examination showed that the implant was well within the bone and did not migrate. The site appeared to be normal without any lytic changes in the bone.

Conclusion:
It can safely be postulated from the present study that tissue engineering of PDL can be achieved around dental implants using PDLSCs. Important inter-tissue interactions like the formation of a functional PDL around the implantation site, and induction of bone formation in the vicinity of the implants may be possible. Future research in humans is required for further research.