bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distal Nerve Transfer for Opponensplasty in the Setting of High Median Nerve Injury: A Case Series
Authors: Emamhadi Mohammadreza , Haghani Dogahe Mohammad , Emamhadi Amirreza 
Published: February 2025

Background: High median nerve injury leads to an absence of thumb opposition and irreversible thenar atrophy. Currently, distal nerve transfer is a new option for opponensplasty. The superiority of nerve transfer over traditional tendon transfer is that in nerve transfer, all thenar muscles may be reinnervated and so thumb functions are fully achieved, while in tendon transfer, the goal is to reanimate the function of abductor pollicis brevis (APB). This study aims to describe the results of opponensplasty using distal nerve transfer.Materials and Methods: This article analyses the results of opponensplasty using the transfer of abductor digiti minimi (ADM) branch of the ulnar nerve to the recurrent branch of the median nerve. Clinical outcomes were assessed by objectively evaluating APB strength, degree of thumb opposition, and thenar muscle bulk. APB strength and degree of thumb opposition measured by Medical Research Council (MRC) and Kapandji scoring systems, respectively.Results: From 2016 to 2019, six patients with a mean age of 29.5 years (five males and one female) with high median nerve injury were considered for opponensplasty using nerve transfer. Clinical improvement, including APB strength regaining and thumb opposition, was achieved in all patients. Moreover, recovery of thenar atrophy was observed in five patients.Conclusion: In high median‐nerve injury, early reconstructive intervention can prevent the thenar muscle atrophy and leads to prompt reinnervation and complete restoration of thenar function. ADM branch of the ulnar nerve is a superior donor for this purpose.
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring for Dose Optimization of Infliximab in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease: An Analysis of Canadian Real‐World Data
Authors: Sealey David C. , Ho Kai Fai , Zhou Z. Christina , Clark Michael , Feagan Brian G. , Panaccione Remo , Steinhart A. Hillary , Bolshtyansky Elena , Williamson Martin , Afif Waqqas 
Published: February 2025

Background: Although it is generally believed that infliximab dose optimization in patients with inflammatory bowel disease with low serum infliximab concentration at trough results in increased treatment persistence, empirical data to support this notion are lacking. This study evaluated the association of infliximab therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) and TDM‐associated dose optimization with persistence in real‐world practice.Methods: Data from adults with Crohn’s disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC) who participated in a national patient support program (PSP) in Canada were analyzed. Participants who had a first TDM evaluation (with a recorded infliximab trough concentration) in the maintenance phase of treatment were assessed (excluding those who underwent prior dose optimization). Persistence was evaluated using time‐dependent Cox proportional hazards models.Results: In the overall population of patients with CD or UC, TDM was not associated with longer persistence (n = 13,203). In patients with no prior dose optimization (n = 2729) who had a serum infliximab concentration of < 3 μg/mL, dose optimization within 9 weeks of TDM was associated with significantly longer persistence (HR: 0.36; 95% CI: 0.26, 0.50 for CD [n = 711] and HR: 0.30, 95% CI: 0.21, 0.43 for UC [n = 501]). Sensitivity analyses yielded similar results when using a threshold concentration of < 5 μg/mL. In an analysis excluding patients who received no further treatment after TDM, the association between dose optimization and longer persistence was not confirmed in patients with CD, and mostly confirmed in patients with UC at a threshold concentration of < 3 μg/mL.Conclusion: TDM‐associated dose optimization in patients with UC with low serum infliximab concentrations was associated with longer persistence. This association was not confirmed in patients with CD. This study demonstrated that real‐world data from a PSP‐generated cohort can be evaluated to inform clinical practice and that this approach may be complementary to other types of cohort studies.
Nursing Students’ Perspectives Toward Providing Oral Health Care for Older People
Authors: Veerasamy Arthi , Lyons Karl , Crabtree Ian , Ratnayake Jithendra , Brunton Paul 
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Oral care for older adults in residential homes and long‐term hospital care has been largely ignored by health care professionals. The purpose of this study was to understand the perspectives of nursing students’ on incorporating oral health care topics in the nursing curricula.Methods: As a part of a broader cross‐sectional quantitative study, we asked nursing students their opinions on incorporating an oral health care curriculum in their nursing programme. This resulted in a total of 148 responses, representing ~15% of New Zealand’s nursing graduates and exceeding the anticipated survey response rate of 10%. The respondents were from 61% of nursing schools across the country. Thematic coding was used to analyze and report on the participants’ responses.Results: The nursing students thought oral health care education is overlooked in the nursing curriculum. Nursing students believed health professionals should be accountable for their patients’ oral health.Conclusion: Nursing students do not feel confident providing oral care for their patients. However, they recognize their responsibility and understand the need to provide oral health care as part of long‐term care for older adults.
Flavor Quality Characterization of Rapeseed Oil During Storage by Physicochemical Analysis, Sensory Evaluation, Electronic Nose, and GC–O
Authors: Zhang Xiumin , Du Wenfeng , Zhang Danni , Zhang Na , Liu Yuan , Jiang Shui 
Published: February 2025

Background: Rapeseed oil is the most widely consumed vegetable oil globally. However, the key aroma‐active compounds of rapeseed oil and their changes during storage are unclear. In this study, the flavor of rapeseed oil during storage was characterized by physicochemical analysis, sensory evaluation, electronic nose (E‐nose), and gas chromatography–olfactometry (GC–O).Results: Peroxide value, acid value, and anisidine value gradually increased, while polyphenol content, tocopherol content, and sterol content showed a downward trend during storage. The E‐nose combined with the linear discriminate analysis (LDA) method could discriminate rapeseed oil with different storage times. The sensory attributes changed significantly from distinctive pickled aroma to rancid, green, and fried aromas during storage. This work provides the aroma‐active markers based on GC–O–MS for the quality evaluation of rapeseed oil during storage. A total of 136 volatile compounds were detected by GC–MS, and 16 odorants were identified by GC–O combined with aroma extract dilution analysis (AEDA). Finally, seven aroma‐active volatile compounds (3‐butenyl isothiocyanate, 2(5H)‐furanone, 2‐methoxy‐4‐vinylphenol, (E)‐2‐octenal, (E,E)‐2,4‐heptadienal, (E,E)‐2,4‐decadienal, and 3‐methyl‐pentanoic acid) with the odor activity values (OAVs) greater than 1 were identified as potential key aroma volatiles that contributed significantly to the overall aroma of rapeseed oil.Conclusion: This study provided a comprehensive method to monitor the flavor quality change of rapeseed oil during storage. The identified volatile compounds could be the markers to characterize the quality changes of rapeseed oil during storage.
Comparison Between Radiographic Vertebral Left Atrial Size (VLAS) and Echocardiographic Methods for Predicting Left Atrial Remodeling in Dogs With Mitral Valve Disease
Authors: Pereira Natália Babolim , Bispo Guilherme Andraus , Carneiro Maurício Peres , Buzo Ricardo de Souza , Jané Daniela Ribas , Linhares Laís Calazans Menescal , Santos Paulo Sergio Patto dos , Pinoti Luciana Del Rio , Ferreira Wagner Luis 
Published: February 2025

Objective: To investigate whether there is a positive correlation between vertebral left atrial size (VLAS) and echocardiographic variables—left atrium‐to‐aorta ratio (LA/Ao), left ventricular fractional shortening (FS), left ventricular internal diameter in diastole normalized to body weight (LVIDdn), and left ventricular early filling velocity (E‐wave)—and the Mitral INsufficiency Echocardiographic (MINE) echocardiographic score.Study Design: Prospective randomized blinded study.Animals: A total of 26 dogs.Methods: Dogs diagnosed with MVD participated in the study. All patients underwent radiographic and echocardiographic evaluation.Results: A high correlation strength could be observed between the left atrial enlargement predictor VLAS and the LA/Ao ratio (88%), as well as with LVIDdn (75%) and E‐wave (74%). Furthermore, a correction strength of 84% was verified between VLAS and the MINE score. The analysis of the FS variable did not demonstrate a statistically significant relationship (p value of 0.06).Conclusions and Clinics Relevance: VLAS has a positive relationship and important correlation with the echocardiographic variables and MINE score. Associated with its higher accessibility in clinical routine is a potential diagnostic method to detect left atrial enlargement in dogs, contributing to the diagnostic conduct in DVM.
Unaware processing of words activates experience-derived information in conceptual-semantic brain networks
Authors: Ghio Marta , Cassone Barbara , Tettamanti Marco 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The recognition of manipulable objects results from the encoding of sensory input in combination with predictive decoding of experience-derived visuomotor information stored in conceptual-semantic representations. This grounded interpretative processing was previously found to subsist even under unaware perception of manipulable object pictures. In this fMRI study, we first aimed to extend this finding by testing whether experientially grounded visuomotor representations are unawarely recruited when manipulable objects are not visually depicted, but only referred to by words presented subliminally through continuous flash suppression. Second, we assessed the generalizability of decoding experience-derived conceptual information to other semantic categories, by extending our investigation to subliminally presented emotion words and testing for unaware recruitment of grounded emotion representations in the limbic system. Univariate analysis of data sampled from 21 human participants (14 females) showed that manipulable object words selectively activated a left-lateralized visuomotor network, both when words were presented below perceptual threshold and when participants subjectively reported lack of stimulus awareness. Emotion words selectively engaged the bilateral limbic network, although univariate analysis did not provide evidence for its recruitment under subliminal perceptual conditions. In turn, multivariate pattern analysis showed that neural codes associated with both manipulable object and emotion words could be decoded even in the absence of perceptual awareness. These findings suggest that the brain automatically engages in conceptual-semantic decoding of experience-derived information not only when circumstances require to interact with manipulable objects and emotions, but also when these referents are dislocated in time and space and only referred to by words.
Magnitude processing and integration entail perceptual processes independent from the task
Authors: Togoli Irene , Collignon Olivier , Bueti Domenica , Fornaciai Michele 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The magnitude dimensions of visual stimuli, such as their numerosity, duration, and size, are intrinsically linked, leading to mutual interactions across them. However, it remains debated whether such interactions, or “magnitude integration” effects, arise from perceptual processes that are independent from the task performed, or whether they arise from high-level decision-making processes. We address this question with two electroencephalography (EEG) experiments in which participants watched a series of dot-array stimuli modulated in numerosity, duration, and item size, in two separate conditions. In the “magnitude task” condition, participants judged either the numerosity, duration, or size of each stimulus. In the “contrast task” condition, instead, a separate group of participants performed a contrast oddball task, never attending or judging the magnitude of the stimuli. The results of the magnitude task first show robust integration effects across the three dimensions. Then, we compare the neural responses to magnitude across the two task conditions. This comparison shows very similar brain responses irrespective of the task, within a series of latency windows whereby the modulation of response amplitude can predict the behavioral magnitude integration effect (~150 and ~250 ms post-onset for numerosity and size; ~300 ms post-offset for the effect of duration). To better assess the similarity of brain responses to magnitude irrespective of the task, we use a cross-condition multivariate decoding analysis. This analysis demonstrates that brain responses in the magnitude task can predict the responses in the contrast task, at multiple latencies starting from early processing stages (~120 ms). These results suggest that magnitude processing and integration likely involve perceptual processes that are engaged irrespective of the task, thus independently from decision making, although the effect of duration on other magnitudes may also involve post-perceptual processes such as working memory.
New Words to Old Tunes
Authors: Haydar Adnan 
Published: February 2025

New Words to Old Tunes: Genres and Metrics of Lebanese Zajal Poetry introduces the rich tradition of Lebanese oral poetry, offering an in-depth study and analysis of its metrics and genres. It presents a novel framework for the proper scansion of meters and emphasises the previously overlooked roles of musical and poetic stress. It details nearly twenty zajal genres, including popular songs that use zajal metrics, and integrates musical notations and web-streamed audio links to enrich the reader’s experience.
By presenting both theoretical analysis and practical applications, the book not only contributes to the academic study of Lebanese and Arab oral traditions but also supports broader efforts to preserve and disseminate this cultural heritage through digital humanities. While previous works have been largely descriptive or focused on specific poets, this book provides a detailed analytical approach to zajal metrics and their musical dimensions.
This rigorous and comprehensive study will be of interest to scholars working on oral traditions, folklore studies, ethnomusicology, cultural studies, oral-formulaic poetry traditions, throughout the Middle East and beyond.
The 1000-Year Context of Extreme Precipitation in the Central United States from a Novel Blend of Observations and Climate Model Simulations
Authors: Thompson Alexander J. , Hutchings Jack A. , Konecky Bronwen L. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Global warming is increasing the frequency of extreme precipitation events, including those referred to as having a return period of 1000 years. Yet frequency estimates of these high-end extremes are plagued by large uncertainties that result from the short record of weather station observations used to assess their historical context. To more robustly assess modern extreme precipitation events, we develop a novel approach that lengthens the data record by blending historical observations from NOAA’s Applied Climate Information System with Community Earth System Model simulations run from 850 to 2100 CE. We apply this method as a proof of concept to the record-breaking rainfall event in the central United States in July 2022. We find that the return period for this storm’s 24-h rainfall is ∼530 years (90% confidence interval: 370–700 years) for the greater St. Louis region and ∼280 years (90% confidence interval: 115–340 years) for eastern Kentucky. Moreover, the rainfall amount from this event is ∼2–4 times more likely to occur in the future relative to the preindustrial era. Compared to previous best practices, this study’s approach more precisely evaluates extreme precipitation magnitude and frequency, demonstrating potentially large reductions in the uncertainty associated with classifying a 1-in-1000-yr rainfall event. This blended data approach can be used to update previous methods used for assessing modern extreme precipitation events and to better prepare society and critical infrastructure for the present and future risks posed by precipitation extremes.

Significance Statement
We present a new method aimed at improving estimates of the magnitude and frequency of extreme precipitation. Our method lengthens the time coverage of precipitation data by combining weather station observations with climate model simulations spanning 850–2100 CE. We apply this methodology to a record-breaking rainfall event that occurred in July 2022 in the central United States. Our approach provides a more precise estimate of this event’s frequency and demonstrates that the rainfall amount from this event is ∼2–4 times more likely to occur in the future relative to the preceding millennium. Our findings can be used to better prepare society and infrastructure for the present and future risks posed by extreme precipitation.
Select Representative General Circulation Model-runs using Enveloped-based Technique
Authors: Mahjour Seyed Kourosh , Tiefenbacher John P. , Faroughi Salah A. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
A subset of ensemble General Circulation Models (GCMs), known as representative GCMs (RGCMs), is typically used in climate change analysis to reduce computational cost. This study presents a new envelope-based workflow for RGCMs selection beginning with history matching to better preserve the full ensemble uncertainty range and replicate past climate characteristics, in contrast to an envelope-based standard workflow that begins with capturing climatic means. Our workflow contains a three-stage selection process that leverages monthly ground-truth data from the reference period 1981–2005, along with monthly simulation outputs for the periods 1981–2010 and 2071–2100 from GCM-runs in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5), starting with an initial pool of 105 and 77 runs under Representative Concentration Pathways 4.5 and 8.5, respectively. The performance of the proposed workflow is compared with the standard workflow using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test measuring Dmax, the largest absolute difference between two cumulative distributions of changes in mean air temperature (ΔT) and precipitation (ΔP) from the full-set of GCM-runs and RGCM-runs, and the mean squared error (MSE) evaluating reproduction of past climate data. The comparisons for Texas show that the new workflow reduces mean Dmax for ΔT by 23% and ΔP by 20%, while improving mean MSE by 105% and 6% for monthly average of mean air temperature and precipitation, respectively. Further evaluation in Bihar, India, and New York State, USA, regions with distinct climatic conditions from those of Texas, consistently shows lower Dmax and MSE for our workflow, indicating that it selects RGCM-runs that better represent the full-set of GCM-runs.
The changing nature of atmospheric rivers
Authors: Henny Lexi , Kim Kyu-Myong 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Atmospheric rivers (ARs) are expected to strengthen in a warming climate, largely due to the thermodynamic (moistening) effect. Here, we show that this trend is already evident in historical reanalysis data using ARTMIP Tier 2 atmospheric river detection tools (ARDTs) and variants of our own global AR detection applied to ERA5, MERRA-2, and JRA-55 reanalysis data. Over the 1980-2019 (ARTMIP) and 1980-2023 (variants) periods, total AR area increased by 6-9%. AR integrated water vapor (IWV) increased by 2-3% while integrated vapor transport (IVT) increased by less than 1% and 850 hPa wind speed (|V850|) and vertically integrated moisture flux convergence (VIMFC) both decreased. IWV increases were the most robust overall. All trend magnitudes were sensitive to subsetting, with fixed-frequency subsets consisting of most-intense AR grid points showing larger increases of 3-4% IVT, 4-6% IWV, and 5-9% VIMFC, this last opposing a decreasing AR-mean VIMFC trend likely associated with large area increases. For individual ARs, maximum IVT and IWV increased at ~3-6x and ~1.5-2x the rate of AR-mean values, respectively. Regional changes were often even larger, particularly for extreme events, though most geospatial trends had low detectability under a false discovery rate control framework. Ultimately, despite considerable ARDT and methodological diversity, we found robust consensus moistening and expansion of ARs between 1980 and 2023. However, further research is required to determine the extent to which these trends are affected by reanalysis observational assimilation changes. For example, previous studies indicate that certain reanalyses misrepresent 1980-1994 atmospheric moistening and so may underestimate historical AR expansion and intensification rates.
Thin Flap Trochleoplasty With Medial Patellofemoral Ligament Reconstruction for Recurrent Patellofemoral Instability With High-Grade Trochlear Dysplasia: A Series of 63 Consecutive Cases
Authors: Hiemstra Laurie A. , Rousseau-Saine Alexis , Lafave Mark R. , Kerslake Sarah 
Published: February 2025

Background: Trochlear dysplasia is present in 68% to 85% of patients with recurrent lateral patellofemoral instability (LPI) compared with 3% to 6% of healthy controls. Trochlear dysplasia has been associated with medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) graft failure and lower quality-of-life (QOL) outcome scores. The correction of trochlear dysplasia with trochleoplasty is indicated in patients with recurrent LPI and high-grade trochlear dysplasia with a trochlear bump and a significant J-sign. Purpose: To assess the clinical and patient-reported outcomes after patella-stabilizing surgery, including thin flap sulcus deepening trochleoplasty, and to explore the influence of pathoanatomic variables on postoperative QOL scores in patients who have undergone patellar stabilization, including trochleoplasty. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: A total of 63 consecutive knees in 46 patients with recurrent LPI and high-grade trochlear dysplasia who underwent MPFL reconstruction with thin flap trochleoplasty were followed for 2 years postoperatively. Clinical outcomes and Banff Patellofemoral Instability Instrument (BPII) 2.0 scores were collected prospectively. The t test was used to determine changes in QOL. Multiple linear regression was conducted to determine significant pathoanatomic variables that affected outcomes after MPFL reconstruction. Results: Overall, 63 knees with a mean follow-up of 32.9 ± 17.0 months (range, 12-84 months) were included. All patients had preoperative high-grade trochlear dysplasia (Dejour type B: 46%; Dejour type D: 54%), with a mean trochlear bump height of 6.1 ± 1.8 mm (range, 3.2-10.5 mm). The BPII 2.0 score increased significantly from preoperatively (29.3 ± 12.4) to postoperatively (71.8 ± 17.4) ( P < .001), with a large effect size (Cohen d = −2.41). There was 1 redislocation (1.6%) and 3 reoperations (4.8%). Persistent apprehension and the J-sign were present in 8.5% and 13.6% of the knees, respectively. Multiple linear regression analysis demonstrated no statistically significant predictive relationship between the 24-month postoperative BPII 2.0 score and the preoperative BPII 2.0 score, tibiofemoral rotation, the Beighton score, or trochlear bump height ( R = 0.47; R2 = 0.22; F = 5.23; P = .13). Conclusion: Thin flap trochleoplasty combined with MPFL reconstruction in patients with recurrent LPI and high-grade trochlear dysplasia resulted in low redislocation and reoperation rates at a mean of 33 months. Disease-specific QOL scores were statistically significantly improved from preoperatively to postoperatively.