bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maintenance of CCL5 mRNA stores by post‐effector and memory CD8 T cells is dependent on transcription and is coupled to increased mRNA stability
Authors: Marçais Antoine , Tomkowiak Martine , Walzer Thierry , Coupet Charles‐Antoine , Ravel‐Chapuis Aymeric , Marvel Jacqueline 
Published: September 2006

AbstractImmunological memory is associated with the display of improved effector functions by cells of the adaptive immune system. The storage of untranslated mRNA coding for the CCL5 chemokine by CD8 memory cells is a new process supporting the immediate display of an effector function. Here, we show that, after induction during the primary response, high CCL5 mRNA levels are specifically preserved in CD8 T cells. We have investigated the mechanisms involved in the long‐term maintenance of CCL5 mRNA levels by memory CD8 T cells. We demonstrate that the CCL5 mRNA half‐life is increased in memory CD8 T cells and that these cells constitutively transcribe ccl5 gene. By inhibiting ccl5 transcription using IL‐4, we demonstrate the essential role of transcription in the maintenance of CCL5 mRNA stores. Finally, we show that these stores are spontaneously reconstituted when the inhibitory signal is removed, indicating that the transcription of ccl5 is a default feature of memory CD8 T cells imprinted in their genetic program.
The role of CD69 in acute neutrophil‐mediated inflammation
Authors: Lamana Amalia , Sancho David , Cruz‐Adalia Aránzazu , del Hoyo Gloria Martínez , Herrera Ada María , Feria Manuel , Díaz‐González Federico , Gómez Manuel , Sánchez‐Madrid Francisco 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe leukocyte activation marker CD69 functions as a negative regulator of the immune response, both in NK‐dependent tumor rejection and in the inflammation associated with lymphocyte‐dependent collagen‐induced arthritis. In contrast, it has been reported that CD69‐deficient mice are refractory to the neutrophil‐dependent acute inflammatory response associated with anti‐type II collagen antibody‐induced arthritis (CAIA), suggesting a positive regulatory role for CD69 in neutrophil function during arthritis induction. To clarify this discrepancy, the CAIA response was independently analyzed in our CD69‐deficient mice. In these experiments, the inflammatory response was unaffected by CD69 deficiency. Additionally, the in vivo down‐regulation of CD69 expression by treatment of wild‐type mice with the anti‐CD69 mAb 2.2, which mimics the CD69‐deficient phenotype, did not affect the course of arthritis in this model. Moreover, down‐regulation of CD69 expression increased expression in arthritic joints of key inflammatory mediators, including IL‐1β, IL‐6 and the chemokine MCP‐1. Neutrophil accumulation in zymosan‐treated air pouches and in thioglycolate‐treated peritoneal cavities was also unaffected in CD69‐deficient mice. In addition, CD69 expression was absent in activated neutrophils. Taken together, these results rule out a significant stimulatory role for CD69 in acute inflammatory responses mediated by neutrophils.
BNP‐induced activation of cGMP in human cardiac fibroblasts: Interactions with fibronectin and natriuretic peptide receptors
Authors: Huntley Brenda K. , Sandberg Sharon M. , Noser Josh A. , Cataliotti Alessandro , Redfield Margaret M. , Matsuda Yuzuru , Burnett John C. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractCardiac remodeling involves the accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins including fibronectin (FN). FN contains RGD motifs that bind integrins at DDX sequences allowing signaling from the ECM to the nucleus. We noted that the natriuretic peptide receptor A (NPR‐A) sequence contains both RGD and DDX sequences. The goal of the current investigation was to determine potential interactions between FN and NPR‐A on BNP induction of cGMP in cultured human cardiac fibroblasts (CFs). Further, we sought to determine whether a Mayo designed NPR‐A specific RGD peptide could modify this interaction. Here we reconfirm the presence of all three natriuretic peptide receptors (NPR) in CFs. CFs plated on FN demonstrated a pronounced increase in cGMP production to BNP compared to non‐coated plates. This production was also enhanced by the NPR‐A specific RGD peptide, which further augmented FN associated cGMP production. Addition of HS‐142‐1, a NPR‐A/B antagonist, abrogated the responses of BNP to both FN and the NPR‐A specific RGD peptide. Finally, we defined a possible role for the NPR‐C through non‐cGMP mechanisms in mediating the anti‐proliferative actions of BNP in CFs where the NPR‐C antagonist cANF 4‐28 but not HS‐142‐1 blocked BNP‐mediated inhibition of proliferation of CFs. We conclude that NPR‐A interacts with components of the ECM such as FN to enhance BNP activation of cGMP and that a small NPR‐A specific RGD peptide augments this action of BNP with possible therapeutic implications. Lastly, the NPR‐C may also have a role in mediating anti‐proliferative actions of BNP in CFs. J. Cell. Physiol. 209: 943–949, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Individualized assessment of quality of life in idiopathic Parkinson's disease
Authors: Lee Mark A. , Walker Richard W. , Hildreth Anthony J. , Prentice Wendy M. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to assess quality of life (QoL) of patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease (IPD). The Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire (PDQ‐39) was compared with an individualized QoL tool: the Schedule for Evaluation of Individual Quality of Life Direct Weighting (SEIQoL‐DW). One hundred twenty‐three patients underwent interviews using these tools, together with the Mini Mental State examination, Beck Depression Inventory, a qualitative pain assessment, and the Palliative Care Assessment tool (for symptoms). The SEIQoL‐DW was well tolerated and demonstrated that QoL not only was broad and highly individualistic but also was determined more by psychosocial than physical issues. Of the 87 domains nominated by patients, the most common were family (87.8%), health (52.8%), leisure activities (36.6%), marriage (35%), and friends (30.9%). The SEIQoL index score was predicted by depression but not by disease stage. However, the PDQ‐39 was predicted by disease stage, the number of symptoms, and depression. Direct comparison of the tools confirmed that the SEIQoL index score was predicted by the PDQ‐39 domains of social support, cognitive impairment, and emotion. The use of the SEIQoL‐DW challenges current thinking within IPD research regarding QoL and its assessment using the PDQ‐39. © 2006 Movement Disorder Society
Precision in measurements of perfusion and microvascular permeability with T1‐weighted dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI
Authors: Kershaw Lucy E. , Buckley David L. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractDynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI is used to estimate microvascular parameters by tracer kinetics analysis. The time for the contrast agent to travel from the artery to the tissue of interest (bolus arrival time (BAT)) is an important parameter that must be measured in such studies because inaccurate estimates or neglect of BAT contribute to inaccuracy in model fitting. Furthermore, although the precision with which these parameters are estimated is very important, it is rarely reported. To address these issues, two investigations were undertaken. First, simulated data were used to validate an independent method for estimation of BAT. Second, the adiabatic approximation to the tissue homogeneity model was fitted to experimental data acquired in prostate and muscle tissue of 22 patients with prostate cancer. A bootstrap error analysis was performed to estimate the precision of parameter estimates. The independent method of estimating BAT was found to be more accurate and precise than a model‐fitting approach. Estimated precisions for parameters measured in the prostate gland were 14% for extraction fraction (median coefficient of variation), 19% for blood flow, 28% for permeability‐surface area product, 35% for volume of the extravascular‐extracellular space, and 36% for blood volume. Techniques to further reduce uncertainty are discussed. Magn Reson Med, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Apparent diffusion coefficient histograms may predict low‐grade glioma subtype
Authors: Tozer Daniel J. , Jäger H. Rolf , Danchaivijitr Nasuda , Benton Christopher E. , Tofts Paul S. , Rees Jeremy H. , Waldman Adam D. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe subtypes of glioma are known to have different prognosis and response to treatment. The purpose of this work was to investigate whether apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) histograms of untreated low‐grade astrocytomas and oligodendrogliomas exhibit different characteristics due to their biological differences, and whether a diagnosis of tumour subtype can be made at presentation using the histogram alone, which, if possible, would have an impact on clinical practise. Fifteen patients with astrocytoma (AC) [11 male (mean age ± standard deviation) 40 ± 11 years], nine with oligodendroglioma (OD) (four male, 45 ± 13 years) and three with oligoastrocytoma (OA) (two male, 60 ± 11 years) were recruited and diffusion‐weighted images (b = 0 and 1000 s mm−2) were acquired every 6 months to date or until malignant transformation. Whole tumour ADC histograms were calculated, a multiple discriminant analysis was performed and quantitative morphological parameters extracted, the AC and OD subtypes were then compared using Student's unpaired t‐test. Classification of the histograms was also performed. ODs had significantly lower group ADC values than ACs and up to 83% of the subjects could be correctly classified into the OD and AC groups by reference to the histogram. The group differences were most significant for the multiple discriminant analysis (p = 1 × 10−5) and at the 10th centile point [AC = 1170 ± 170, OD = (1030 ± 80) × 10−6 mm2 s−1] (p = 0.01). ODs have a lower ADC than ACs with differences throughout the histogram. Both tumour types show similar intra‐tumour heterogeneity, as seen from the equal group peak heights, but ACs shows more intra‐group heterogeneity. ADC histogram analysis may aid non‐invasive sub‐classification of low‐grade glioma histological subtypes. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stone Age exploitation of birds on the island of Gotland, Baltic Sea: a taphonomic study of the avifauna on the Neolithic site of Ajvide
Authors: Mannermaa K. , Storå J. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractWe have conducted a detailed taphonomic study of the avifauna of the Pitted Ware culture site of Ajvide on the Island of Gotland in the Baltic Sea, in order to investigate the fowling patterns and the taphonomic history of the bird remains. We have investigated cultural as well as natural modifications on the bird bones, fragmentation and fracture patterns, and performed a systematic surface modification study. No specific area for the deposition of bird remains or specific bird species was identified. All major anatomical parts of birds are present in the assemblage, but there is a dominance of specimens from the wing elements. Traces of cultural modification were observed on the bones, including cut marks, burning, modification (implements, beads, raw material), and gnawing marks. The bone surface modifications and fracture analysis indicate that the majority of the bird bones at Ajvide did not lie on the soil surface for an extended period of time before being deposited in the soil. Dry fractures increase while fresh fractures decrease towards the upper levels of the stratigraphy, indicating more extensive post‐depositional destruction. This may partly be connected to modern agriculture, but also to later use of the settlement area as a burial ground. The Ajvide assemblage contains a variety of birds living in different biotopes. However, bird hunting was mainly focused on sea birds. Auks and ducks are the most common families in the assemblage. We find it likely that the Ajvide hunters conducted organised hunting expeditions to two nearby islands for the hunting of auks, while it was possible to hunt other birds such as ducks closer to the site. The presence of medullary bone and bones from subadult birds indicates a main hunting season in late spring and early summer. However, comparisons with modern migration patterns indicate that hunting may have occurred throughout the year. Of special palaeozoological interest is the find of gannet (Morus bassanus), which apparently in Neolithic times visited the Baltic area more regularly than today. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Explosible dusts, US codes and standards of safe management practices
Authors: Kaelin David E. , Prugh Richard W. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractCodes and Standards (C&S) are an important method used by industry, legislators, and professionals to track and maintain a continuously expanding and changing experience‐based database in support of Best Industry Practice(s). In the area of dust fire and explosion safety, several critical documents define the state of the art. In the United States, industry must comply with OSHA's “General Duty Clause” as well as specific safety directives. In order to comply, it is critical that industries handling and processing explosible dusts be fully aware of Best Industry Practices as described in pertinent dust Codes and Standards, and follow these recommendations. As a direct result of recent dust explosion accidents in the USA, many states will likely codify standards such as the National Fire Protection Association† (NFPA)'s “Standard for the Prevention of Fire and Dust Explosions from the Manufacturing, Processing and Handling of Combustible Particulate Solids,” NFPA 654. When conducting a preliminary hazard evaluation of a process or operation, it should be considered best practice in American industry to review all applicable codes and standards and ensure compliance as a minimum effort. This article will review current US codes and standards regarding safe practices and the often‐complex connections between those that are legally required and those that are recognized and generally accepted good engineering practices (RAGAGEP). © 2006 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog, 2006
The Limits of Electoral Engineering in Divided Societies: Elections in Postwar Lebanon
Authors: Salloukh Bassel F. 
Published: September 2006

Abstract.Electoral engineering determines prospects for centripetal politics in postconflict societies. Lebanon's postwar elections have been contested by interethnic electoral alliances in multi-ethnic electoral districts. Interethnic coalitions, vote pooling and bargaining have structured the results of these elections, as have the electoral laws demarcating the boundaries of electoral districts. Democratization, peace building and ethnic harmony have been the main victims of these cross-ethnic alliances, however. This paper seeks to explain this Lebanese puzzle by examining the institutional determinants of cross-ethnic electoral alliances in the 1992, 1996 and 2000 parliamentary elections.Résumé.Dans les sociétés post-conflictuelles, l'ingénierie électorale détermine l'éventualité de politiques centripètes. Les élections libanaises d'après-guerre se sont disputées entre des alliances électorales interethniques dans des districts électoraux multiethniques. Les coalitions interethniques, le “ vote pooling ” et le marchandage, de même que les lois électorales qui déterminaient la configuration des circonscriptions électorales, ont structuré les résultats de ces élections. Or, la démocratisation, la construction de la paix et l'harmonie ethnique ont été les victimes principales de ces alliances interethniques. La présente analyse vise à expliquer ce paradoxe libanais en étudiant les déterminants institutionnels des alliances électorales interethniques lors des élections parlementaires de 1992, 1996 et 2000.
City Politics, Canada
Authors: Walks R. Alan 
Published: September 2006

City Politics, Canada, James Lightbody, Peterborough:
Broadview Press, 2006, pp. 576.Scholarly research on Canadian urban politics has never been
extensive, and the few who teach in the field have had to make do with a
limited range of textbooks, mostly focused on the institutions of local
government. Those wanting to extend their coverage to deal with such
issues as the importance of globalization, social movements, race and
ethnicity, social inequality, urban political culture, regional
governance, the media, and federal policy, have been forced to rely on an
assemblage of diverse materials. As well, the politics of, and role played
by, the suburbs is often marginal to most texts, focused as they are on
the politics of the largest central cities.
Politics, Institutions, and Fiscal Policy: Deficits and Surpluses in
Federated States
Authors: Burns Ian , Jacek Henry 
Published: September 2006

Politics, Institutions, and Fiscal Policy: Deficits and Surpluses
in Federated States, Louis M. Imbeau and Francois Petry (editors),
Studies in Public Policy; Toronto: Lexington Books, 2004, pp. 239.Despite the continual attention by the public, the media and
politicians on governmental deficits, surpluses and governmental debt over
the past decade, the political science literature in this area is sparse.
When political scientists do venture into this area, they are unduly
influenced by economic considerations rather than using
political-institutional explanations. Happily this volume avoids the usual
approaches and instead emphasizes political variables. In particular, the
editors and authors highlight the importance of the proximity of
elections, the ideology of the incumbent party, and the severity of
established anti-deficit policies.
Droit, territoire et gouvernance des peuples autochtones.
Authors: Martel Erik 
Published: September 2006

Droit, territoire et gouvernance des peuples autochtones.,
OTIS, Ghislain (sous la direction de), Québec : Les Presses de
l'Université Laval, 2004, 197p.Les relations entre les peuples autochtones et les pouvoirs politiques
canadiens n'ont pas toujours été—et ne sont pas
forcément aujourd'hui—salutaires. Historiquement, une
litanie de conflits et d'interminables procès attestent que le
gouvernement fédéral a souvent fait preuve d'une
profonde incompréhension envers les revendications et les pratiques
ancestrales des Premières nations. Malgré des séries
d'événements regrettables, le gouvernement canadien
semble aujourd'hui faire preuve d'une volonté politique
visant à apporter des changements de fond dans l'état
de ses relations avec les peuples autochtones, ainsi qu'une
amélioration de leurs conditions de vie. Depuis le rapatriement de
la constitution et avec l'adoption de la Loi constitutionnelle de
1982, plus précisément de son article 35 qui assure une
reconnaissance des droits des peuples autochtones, d'autres
événements ont renforcé cette perception de
volonté politique. Notons d'une part la publication du rapport
final de la Commission royale sur les peuples autochtones,
publié en novembre 1996 et présentant une série
d'environ 440 recommandations qui ont pour objectif une modification
manifeste des relations entre les Autochtones, les allochtones et le
gouvernement; et d'autre part celle du Guide de la politique
fédérale sur l'autonomie gouvernementale des
Autochtones, qui propose la création d'un partenariat
historique permettant la négociation d'ententes visant
l'autonomie gouvernementale.
Cost-effectiveness of implementing national guidelines in the treatment of acute otitis media in children
Authors: Koskinen Hanna , Rautakorpi Ulla-Maija , Sintonen Harri , Honkanen Pekka , Huikko Solja , Huovinen Pentti , Klaukka Timo , Palva Erkki , Roine Risto P. , Sarkkinen Hannu , Varonen Helena , Mäkelä Marjukka ,   for the MIKSTRA Collaborative Study Group
Published: September 2006

Objectives: Acute otitis media (AOM) is one of the most common diseases of childhood, representing a major disease burden on the society. New evidence-based guidelines for AOM, focusing on children under 7 years of age, were introduced in Finland in 1999. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of implementing those guidelines in Finland.Methods: A 5-year prospective trial was conducted in thirty community primary healthcare centers in Finland. All AOM patients between 0 and 6 years of age visiting the study health centers for the first time, for this episode of illness, during 1 week in November 1998 (n = 579) and November 2002 (n = 369) were included in this study. The outcome measure was the percentage of symptom-free patients.Results: The mean direct cost of an AOM episode per patient stayed almost the same after implementing the guidelines, €152 in 1998 and €150 in 2002. After implementing the guidelines, the percentage of symptom-free patients was 10 percentage points higher than before the guidelines. The treatment after the implementation of the guidelines, thus, was a dominant strategy.Conclusions: Implementing the guidelines to the treatment of AOM in children was associated with extra health benefits at slightly lower direct costs and, thus, is a dominant strategy. The focus of this study was on the short-term effects of the treatment; including long-term effects in the analysis might affect the results.
Comprehensive cardiac rehabilitation: A cost assessment based on a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Kruse Marie , Hochstrasser Stefan , Zwisler Ann-Dorthe O. , Kjellberg Jakob 
Published: September 2006

Objectives: The costs of comprehensive cardiac rehabilitation are established and compared to the corresponding costs of usual care. The effect on health-related quality of life is analyzed.Methods: An unprecedented and very detailed cost assessment was carried out, as no guidelines existed for the situation at hand. Due to challenging circumstances, the cost assessment turned out to be ex-post and top-down.Results: Cost per treatment sequence is estimated to be approximately €976, whereas the incremental cost (compared with usual care) is approximately €682. The cost estimate is uncertain and may be as high as €1.877.Conclusions: Comprehensive cardiac rehabilitation is more costly than usual care, and the higher costs are not outweighed by a quality of life gain. Comprehensive cardiac rehabilitation is, therefore, not cost-effective.
On concept formation in systematics
Authors: Rieppel Olivier 
Published: September 2006

AbstractIn his “Grundzüge einer Theorie der phylogenetischen Systematik”,Hennig (1950) cited three philosophers: the leading empiricist Rudolf Carnap, the conventionalist Hugo Dingler, and the somewhat more obscure empiricist Theodor Ziehen. David Hull characterized Hennig's “Grundzüge” as one long argument against idealistic morphology. It will here be argued that Hennig attacked idealistic morphology (synonymous with “systematic” morphology) for its mode of concept formation. Building on Carnap and Ziehen, who both looked back on Ernst Cassirer, Hennig argued that the “generic”, “thing” or “class” concept of traditional nomothetic science must be replaced with Cassirer's “relation concept.” According to Hennig, such “emancipation” of systematics from the Aristotelian “species” concept would also allow transcendence from the distinction of idiographic from nomothetic sciences, thus preserving the unity of science. However, the establishment of relations in the construction of a system of order presupposes entities that can be, or are, related. Relations presupposerelata, which in modern systematics are best conceptualized (at least at the supraspecific level) not as Aristotelian classes, nor as individuals as was argued by Hennig and Ziehen, but as tokens of natural kinds.© The Willi Hennig Society 2006.