bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ALDOSTERONE, CORTICOSTERONE, CORTISOL. II-DEOXYCORTISOL AND II-DEOXYCORTICOSTERONE CONCENTRATIONS IN THE BLOOD OF CHRONICALLY CANNULATED OVINE FOETUSES: EFFECT OF ACTH
Authors: Brown Elizabeth H. , Coghlan J. P. , Hardy K. J. , Wintour E. Marelyn 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Aldosterone, corticosterone, cortisol, 11-deoxycortisol and 11-deoxycorticosterone were measured, using a double isotope dilution derivative assay, in whole blood samples of ovine foetuses bearing chronic vascular cannulae. All values are quoted as mean ± standard error of mean. n = number of samples. Parturition occurred at 142–152 days. The concentration of aldosterone (ng/100 ml blood) was 8.7 ± 2.5 at 100–109 days, (n = 8), 4.4 ± 1.2 at 110–140 days (n = 32) and 11.5 ± 2.0 (n = 6) at 140 days until term. The value in unstressed, sodium replete pregnant sheep was 1.2±0.4 (n = 12). Neither corticosterone nor 11-deoxycortisol concentrations varied throughout gestation and were respectively 0.08 ± 0.02 and 0.03 ± 0.04 μg/100 ml blood in 56 samples. These values are essentially the same as those of pregnant, unstressed sheep. Total blood cortisol concentration was 0.10 ± 0.01 μg/100 ml in 38 samples from foetuses younger than 135 days, which is lower than the value for pregnant, unstressed sheep of 0.43 ± 0.07 (n = 34). Cortisol values rose after 135 days to reach 0.93 ± 0.3 (n = 7) after 140 days. The concentration of 11-deoxycorticosterone was 33.8 ± 8.0 ng/100 ml blood (n = 7) in the period 100–109 days, then decreased to 18.7 ± 4.4 (n = 45) from 110 days to term. The concentration in unstressed pregnant sheep was 26.3 ± 10 (n = 10) which is higher than non-pregnant sheep 2.33 ± 0.65 (n = 30). Infusions of ACTH (Synacthen®) 5 IU/h for 90 min had no consistent effect on the peripheral blood concentration of aldosterone, 11-deoxycorticosterone or 11-deoxycortisol at any stage, but elevated corticosterone values significantly (P < 0.01) in all foetuses. Cortisol concentrations were significantly elevated (P < 0.05) in foetuses of 135 days gestation or older.
THE EFFECTS OF LH, ADRENALINE AND NORADRENALINE ON TESTICULAR BLOOD FLOW AND PLASMA TESTOSTERONE CONCENTRATIONS IN ANAESTHETIZED RATS
Authors: Damber J.-E. , Janson P. O. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The acute effects of a 20 min constant rate intra-arterial infusion of LH and catecholamines on testicular blood flow and plasma testosterone concentrations were examined in sodium pentobarbitone anaesthetized rats. Ovine LH (2.5 μg/min) elicited a 6-fold increase in testosterone concentration and a significant decrease of testicular vascular resistance. Nor-adrenaline and adrenaline (0.4 μg/min) caused significant depressions in the plasma testosterone levels. The catecholamines induced no absolute changes in testicular blood flow but noradrenaline caused an increase in testicular vascular resistance. It was concluded that the catecholamine induced reductions in testosterone concentrations were not due to a vascular effect on the testis.
BROMOCRIPTINE TREATMENT OF 42 HYPERPROLACTINAEMIC WOMEN WITH SECONDARY AMENORRHOEA
Authors: Bergh Torbjörn , Nillius Sven Johan , Wide Leif 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Bromocriptine therapy was given to 42 amenorrhoeic women with hyperprolactinaemia. Radiological signs of a pituitary tumour were seen in 24 women (57 per cent). During treatment the prolactin concentrations rapidly decreased towards normal in all the women and ovulation returned in all but two of the women after 5.5 weeks, on average. One of the non-responders had previously undergone transfrontal hypophysectomy. Defect luteal function was observed during the first ovulatory cycle in 51 per cent of the women, while 90 per cent had a normal luteal phase after the second ovulation. Twenty-one of the 22 women, who attempted to become pregnant, conceived and experienced a total of 27 pregnancies, of which 6 ended in abortion. Eleven of the 22 infertile women had radiological signs of a pituitary tumour. None of them was pre-treated with irradiation or surgery. Clinical signs of tumour enlargement during pregnancy were seen in 2 of the 11 women. Visual field defects developed during pregnancy in one woman, but re-institution of bromocriptine improved the visual impairment and the pregnancy could be completed at full term. Another tumour patient, who had an uneventful pregnancy, showed signs of tumour growth at the post-partum sellar X-ray. None of 10 women with normal pituitary radiology showed symptoms or signs of tumour enlargement during pregnancy, but post-partum the pituitary fossa was found to have increased in size and become asymmetric in one woman. Prolonged bromocriptine therapy reversed oestrogen deficiency symptoms in the non-infertile women by restoring normal gonadal function and improved libido and general well-being. Whether long-term bromocriptine therapy inhibits further growth or even causes regression of prolactin secreting pituitary tumours is still an open question. To sum up, bromocriptine is the drug of choice for treatment of amenorrhoea and infertility due to hyperprolactinaemia.
EFFECTS OF TWO ANALGESIC OPIATES (METHADONE AND PENTAZOCINE) ON THE SERUM PROLACTIN LEVELS IN BREAST CANCER
Authors: Rolandi E. , Barreca T. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
In 18 female patients affected by advanced breast cancer, the serum prolactin (PRL) levels have been determined under basal conditions and after the administration of analgesic opiates such as methadone and pentazocine. A significant increase of prolactin serum values was found after the use of both drugs. This finding is considered to be of clinical importance.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PEROXIDASE ACTIVITY AND SERUM TSH, T4 AND T3 LEVELS IN RATS IN THE COURSE OF IODINE DEFICIENCY
Authors: Nataf B. M. , Fragu P. , Othman S. Ben 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The relationship between peroxidase activity and serum TSH, T4 and T3 levels was investigated in the course of iodine deficiency in rats. Rats were maintained either on a control diet with a relatively high iodine content (600 μg/kg of 127I), or on a low iodine diet (30 μg/kg of 127I). Twenty days after the low iodine treatment, the thyroid iodine [127I] concentration was half that of control value (647 ± 52 and 1241 ± 72 μg/g of wet weight, respectively). However, no significant changes in serum T4, T3, TSH were found at 20 days even though an early increase in peroxidase activity was observed. It was only at 35 days of iodine deficiency, when the concentration of iodine in the gland averaged 260 μg/g of wet weight that serum T4 and TSH levels started to be significantly modified. From day 35 to day 70, a significant and progressive decrease of plasma T4 concentration was observed, and it levelled off thereafter. The changes of serum T3 were much smaller than those of T4. A significant increase in serum TSH level was noted at 35 days. Thereafter TSH levels increased rapidly and progressively (205 % increase over control at 70 days and 643 % at 80 days). From day 35 until day 80 of the low iodine treatment, the thyroid peroxidase activity and the serum TSH level varied concomitantly.
Our results suggest that for an iodine content between 5 and 2 μg per thyroid gland, the high cellular peroxidase activity observed could be correlated with an increase in circulating TSH, due to a decrease of T4. In contrast, in the early period of iodine deficiency, no correlation was found between peroxidase activity and serum T4, T3 and TSH levels.
THYROID IODINE METABOLISM IN STREPTOZOTOCIN-DIABETIC RATS
Authors: Jolín Trinidad , González Concepción , González Margarita 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Experiments have been performed to assess the effect of diabetes on thyroid function in male Wistar rats. Diabetes was induced by a single streptozotocin injection. As compared to normals, the diabetic rats displayed: 1) decreased rate of stable iodine uptake by the gland, as measured with a double isotopic technique; 2) decreased in vitro iodide uptake by the thyroid; 3) decreased T/S [I-] ratio after acute treatment with propylthiouracil; and 4) alteration in the distribution of labelled iodoamino acids in the gland. Furthermore, diabetic rats maintained lower plasma TSH levels than normals, in spite of the fact that plasma PBI concentration was slightly but consistently lower in diabetic than in normals, and that the pituitary TSH content was not affected by the lack of normal insulin levels.
Injections of TSH (5 U/100 g body weight/day) for 5 days, into diabetic rats caused a return of thyroid function toward normal. Insulin administration resulted in an increase of thyroid weight, an increase of thyroid function, and an increase of pituitary TSH secretion in diabetic rats after the daily injection of 1, 2 or 3 U/100 g body weight/day for 7 days. The decreased pituitary TSH secretion in diabetic rats might involve a disturbance in the feed-back relationship between the thyroid and the pituitary, although other mechanisms could be involved.
EFFECT OF IODIDE ON THE ADENYL CYCLASE SYSTEM OF THE MOUSE THYROID IN VIVO
Authors: Saddok C. , Gafni M. , Gross J. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Iodide, administered to mice either acutely or chronically, depressed the thyroidal cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) response to 20 mU bovine TSH. When iodide was administered acutely there was a 60% reduction in the cAMP accumulation after 100 μg, or 1 μg KI given to mice on normal iodine diet (NID), or low iodine diet (LID), respectively. When iodide was administered chronically by supplementing the LID with graded doses of KI for 11 days, the cAMP response to TSH was found to be inversely related to the dietary iodine. Inhibition occurred after 5 μg KI, a dose similar to the daily iodine intake. Iodide depressed, but did not abolish, the thyroidal cAMP response to TSH.
Iodide had no effect on phosphodiesterase activity, whereas thyroidal adenyl cyclase activity was diminished by the prior administration of 100 μg KI. The iodide effect was abolished by pre-treatment with methylmercaptoimidazole i.e. the inhibition is related to iodide oxidation. The newly organified thyroidal iodine (NOTI), formed at 2 h from 0.1–1000 μg KI was determined. The amount of NOTI was highly correlated to the degree of inhibition, irrespective of the iodine content of the diet. This relationship was continuous up to 100 ng NOTI and 70% inhibition, which are the maximal values obtained for NOTI formation and inhibition of cAMP accumulation. These plateau levels were reached with 100 or 1 μg KI in mice on NID or LID, respectively. These results indicate that the inhibitor is an iodinated substance whose intrathyroidal formation is quantitatively parallel to, or a part of NOTI.
EFFECTS OF ALPHA-ADRENERGIC STIMULATION AND BLOCKADE ON PLASMA PARATHYROID HORMONE CONCENTRATIONS IN COWS
Authors: Blum J. W. , Guillebeau A. , Binswanger U. , Kunz P. , Da Prada M. , Fischer J. A. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Experiments were designed to investigate responses of immunoreactive parathyroid hormone (PTH) during alpha-adrenergic stimulation and blockade in cows. Alpha-adrenergic agonists (methoxamine, phenylephrine and noradrenaline, the beta-adrenergic action of which was blocked by propranolol) did not change PTH and free fatty acid levels, whereas they characteristically increased the blood pressure and decreased the heart rate. In contrast, alpha-adrenergic blockade by phentolamine progressively increased PTH levels. The elevated PTH concentrations, associated with increased plasma noradrenaline and free fatty acid levels, rising heart rate and decreasing blood pressure, indicated that all these changes can be related to a beta-adrenergic stimulatory mechanism. Beta-adrenergic stimulation was presumably responsible for the initial elevation of PTH concentrations, whereas, during the later phase of the phentolamine infusions, a concomitant hypocalcaemia probably also produced a stimulatory effect.
ACUTE INFLUENCE OF LH AND FSH ON CYCLIC AMP FORMATION IN ISOLATED GRANULOSA CELLS OF THE RAT
Authors: Hamberger Lars , Nordenström Knut , Rosberg Sten , Sjögren Anita 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A technique for the mechanical isolation of granulosa cells from the rat ovary is described. Cyclic AMP formation by the isolated granulosa cells of the follicles in various stages of development was studied in response to the administration in vitro of gonadotrophins. In granulosa cells from small to medium-sized follicles FSH but not LH stimulated cAMP formation, while in cells from pre-ovulatory follicles both gonadotrophins had a stimulatory effect. The effects of both gonadotrophins were transient with a maximal response after 15 to 60 min of incubation. In the presence of the phosphodiesterase inhibitor, 3-isobutyl-methylxanthine, the action of FSH was potentiated and prolonged while the response to LH was unaffected. These data indicate that both gonadotrophins activate the adenylate cyclase system of the isolated granulosa cells while FSH in addition stimulates the phosphodiesterase activity.
Consecutive determinations of cAMP during and after the pre-ovulatory LH-FSH surge, demonstrated a rise of cAMP levels in granulosa cells from the pre-ovulatory follicles following endogenous gonadotrophin release. cAMP levels remained high or increased until the time of ovulation.
EFFECT OF TWO PROGESTINS ON HUMAN ENDOMETRIAL ENZYMES AND TRACE ELEMENTS
Authors: Jelínek J. , Jelínková Marta , Hagenfeldt Kerstin , Landgren Britt-Marie , Diczfalusy E. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Seven healthy normally menstruating women were treated with 50 μg ethinyl oestradiol from day 4 to day 12 of the menstrual cycle (control cycle). In another two cycles either 2.5 mg norethisterone2) or 4 mg megestrol acetate3) was added on days 11 and 12. In all 3 cycles an endometrial biopsy was taken on day 13.
Extractable protein, DNA, eight enzymes and five trace elements were determined in the endometrial specimens. Part of every biopsy was evaluated histologically.
Addition of megestrol acetate for 2 days to ethinyl oestradiol caused a significant increase in endometrial isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICDH) and alkaline phosphatase (AP) activities. Norethisterone induced similar changes.
Neither of the two progestins caused any significant changes in the endometrial content of Cu, Zn, Mn, Na or K.
Norethisterone induced early or clear signs of secretory activity in the endometrium of four subjects out of seven. For megestrol acetate this ratio was five out of seven.
It is suggested that changes in the activity of some endometrial enzymes, especially of ICDH, can be used for an early detection of progestational effect of compounds on the endometrium; these changes may be more sensitive than the morphological evaluation.
CHANGES IN CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDES OF RAT THYROID BY CHRONIC ADMINISTRATION OF LATS AND TSH
Authors: Ochi Yukio , Hosoda Shiro , Hachiya Takashi , Kajita Yoshihiro , Yoshimura Manabu , Miyazaki Tadayoshi 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The effects of LATS and TSH on the cyclic nucleotide content and enzymatic activity in rat thyroid was observed during the continuous administration of LATS or TSH for 6 days. Serum T4 and T3 levels were increased significantly compared with the saline controls. The cyclic nucleotide (cAMP and cGMP) levels and enzyme activities per wet weight of tissue were determined.
The thyroid weight in both the LATS and TSH groups increased approximately two-fold, but cAMP and cGMP content per wet weight did not significantly change. Neither cyclic nucleotide showed any significant change in plasma.
The cAMP-PDE activity in the thyroid significantly increased in both the LATS and TSH groups, but the cGMP-PDE activity was unchanged. Neither was cyclic nucleotide-PDE activity changed in the plasma.
The ATPase activity in the thyroid increased markedly in both the LATS and TSH groups, while 5′-nucleotidase activity did not change.
These data suggest that LATS and TSH appear to have a stimulatory effect on the metabolism of cAMP, but do not affect the metabolism of cGMP.
SERUM SOMATOMEDIN ACTIVITY MEASURED AS SULPHATION FACTOR IN PERIPHERAL, HEPATIC AND RENAL VEINS OF PATIENTS WITH ALCOHOLIC CIRRHOSIS
Authors: Schimpff R. M. , Lebrec D. , Donnadieu M. , Repellin A. M. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Serum somatomedin (SM) activity, measured as sulphation factor on chick embryo cartilage, and growth hormone (GH) levels were measured in peripheral, hepatic and renal veins of 23 patients with alcoholic cirrhosis. SM activity (mean ± sem) was 0.65 ± 0.05 U/ml in peripheral vein, 0.59 ± 0.04 U/ml in hepatic vein, and 0.74 ± 0.07 U/ml in renal vein. Mean GH levels were respectively 2.8, 2.5 and 3.1 ng/ml. Compared to peripheral vein, SM increase in renal vein was 19% (P < 0.05). Serum SM activity was significantly lower in 13 patients with alcoholic hepatitis associated with cirrhosis than in other 10 patients (P < 0.02 in hepatic blood and P < 0.05 in peripheral blood). The decrease of SM activity seems related to cytolysis and hepato-cellular insufficiency. At last, in patients with alcoholic hepatitis, SM activity was lower in the hepatic vein than in the peripheral vein (P < 0.05). The cause of this difference remains under discussion, no SM inhibitors being found in the serum samples used in this study.
EFFECT OF GRADED ORAL DOSES OF OESTRADIOL ON CIRCULATING HORMONAL LEVELS
Authors: Dada O. A. , Laumas V. , Landgren B.-M. , Cekan S. Z. , Diczfalusy E. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A single oral dose of micronized oestradiol (1, 2 or 4 mg) was administered to 10 normally menstruating women on the second day of 3 consecutive menstrual cycles. The order in which the 3 doses were given was chosen randomly for each subject. Samples of peripheral blood were withdrawn on 3 occasions (10, 5 and 1 min) before and on 9 occasions (0.37, 0.75, 1.5, 3.0, 6.0, 12.0, 24.0, 48.0 and 72.0 h) after the ingestion of oestradiol. Oestradiol, oestrone, oestradiol sulphate, oestrone sulphate, testosterone and LH were measured by means of radioimmunoassays in blood plasma on all occasions.
The levels of all oestrogens increased significantly following the ingestion of oestradiol, although to a greatly different extent. The largest and most prolonged increase was seen in the case of oestrone sulphate, the levels of which — depending on the dose ingested — were 20–50 times higher than the pre-treatment levels 3 h after the ingestion of the oestradiol capsule. The increase of the levels of oestrone sulphate was still significant (P < 0.001) after 24 h, and following the ingestion of 2 and 4 mg of oestradiol even after 72 h (P < 0.05). The levels of oestrone and oestradiol sulphate exhibited smaller increases 3 h after ingestion, i. e. 4–10 and 2.5–5 times, respectively, and the plasma levels of oestradiol showed a minor increase only (1.4–1.8 times).
The concentration of oestradiol metabolites studied increased proportionally with the dose of oestradiol administered. On the other hand, a clear-cut dose — effect relationship could not be observed between the amount of oestradiol administered and the plasma levels of LH and testosterone.
The data indicate that the bulk of perorally administered oestradiol is transformed to oestrone sulphate accompanied by smaller quantities of oestrone and oestradiol sulphate and that the ratios of circulating oestrogens seen after the ingestion of oestradiol deviate considerably from those observed in the normal menstrual cycle.
THE DETERMINATION OF 5α-ANDROSTANE-3α,17β-DIOL IN HUMAN PLASMA BY RADIOIMMUNOASSAY
Authors: Laband P. , Tresguerres J. A. F. , Lisboa B. P. , Volkwein U. , Tamm J. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Antibodies have been raised in rabbits against 3α,17β-dihydroxy-5α-androstane-6-0-carboxymethyloxime coupled with Cohn's fraction IV-4. The antiserum exhibited significant cross reactions with 5β-androstane-3α,17β-diol, 5α-dihydrotestosterone, and testosterone. No cross reactions were observed with 5α-androstane-3β,17β-diol and 5-androstene-3β,17β-diol. The methodological criteria for the measurement of 5α-androstane-3α,17β-diol in human plasma were as follows: The specificity was ensured by separating the cross reacting steroids by thin layer chromatography. The intraassay and interassay coefficients of variation were found to be 6.2 and 10.2 %, respectively. The sensitivity was 30 pg. The recovery of different amounts of 5α-androstane-3α,17β-diol added to human plasma (80, 120, and 200 pg) yielded 91.3, 92.5, and 93.5%, respectively. The following concentrations of 5α-androstane-3α,17β-diol have been determined in human plasma (mean ± sd, ng/dl): Normal males: 18.98 ± 5.9; normal females: 2.65 ± 0.27; females with idiopathic hirsutism: 11.9 ± 6.4; pre-pubertal children: not detectable.
BIOCHEMICAL STUDIES ON THE IODINE ORGANIFICATION DEFECT OF PENDRED'S SYNDROME
Authors: Niepomniszcze Hugo , Coleoni Aldo H. , Degrossi Osvaldo J. , Scavini Luis M. , Curutchet H. Pablo 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Biochemical studies were performed on the thyroid of a typical case of Pendred's syndrome who underwent total thyroidectomy. The patient, a euthyroid 14 year old female, presented congenital nerve deafness, goitre and impairment of thyroidal iodine organification.
Thyroid peroxidase (TPO) activity was quantitatively normal. Using crude preparations, enzyme activity ranged from 176–366 nmoles of I−-incorporated (inc.) to tyrosine/g of tissue. Normal values are 220–410 nmoles I− inc./g. Digitonin pseudosolubilized TPO, assayed by the tyrosine-iodinase method, showed 44.9 nmoles I− inc./mg of protein for the Pendred's tissue, and 44.5 nmoles I− inc./mg for the control glands. Soluble TPO was utilized for enzyme-kinetic studies. The Km for H2O2, obtained in the triiodide assay with iodide as hydrogen donor, was in the same order of magnitude for both Pendred's and control thyroids, being 3 × 10−4 m and 3.5 × 10−4 m, respectively. In the guaiacol assay, the Pendred's Km value of 4 × 10−4 m was also normal for H2O2. Pre-incubation of enzyme preparations with 5 × 10−5 m haematin did not stimulate TPO activity.
Thyroidal NADPH-cytochrome c reductase and monoamine oxidase activities were normal. A low concentration, 37 mg/g, of a qualitatively normal thyroglobulin was found in Pendred's goitre. The iodine content of thyroglobulin was 0.19 %.
It is concluded that the four major components of the iodination process: 1) thyroid peroxidase, 2) iodide, 3) thyroglobulin and 4) H2O2 would be normally present in Pendred's glands. It is postulated that a failure of these major components to come together at the iodination site might be the explanation of the organification defect of Pendred's syndrome.