bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stereocomplex formation between enantiomeric poly(α‐methyl‐α‐ethyl‐β‐propiolactones): Effect of molecular weight
Authors: Fraschini Carole , Pennors Anne , Prud'homme Robert E. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractOptically pure S(−) and R(+)‐poly(α‐methyl‐α‐ethyl‐β‐propiolactones) (PMEPLs) of controlled low molecular weights were synthesized by anionic polymerization of the corresponding optically active monomers, and characterized using gel permeation chromatography, Maldi‐TOF mass spectrometry, and NMR spectroscopy. Blends of PMEPLs of opposite configurations and different molecular weights were investigated. All blends lead to the formation of a stereocomplex and its crystallization prevails over a wide range of mixing ratios. The stereocomplex melts 30–40 °C above that of the corresponding pure polymers, depending on the molecular weight; pairs of polymers having similar molecular weights exhibit the highest melting temperatures and enthalpies of fusion. Finally, when the stereocomplex is dispersed in a PMEPL matrix, it acts as a very effective nucleation agent for the crystallization of the polymer in excess. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 45: 2380–2389, 2007
Case for diagnosis: 4‐month‐old infant with increasing cough, hemoptysis, and anemia
Authors: Snijders D. , Stenghele C. , Monciotti C. , Piccolo R. Lo , Alaggio R. , Zanon G.F. , Barbato A. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA 4‐month‐old caucasian infant presented non‐productive cough, fever associated with hemoptysis, and increasing anemia. He had mild tachypnoea; routine lab tests were normal. The thoracic HRCT scan showed a very large mass in the right lung adherent to the thorax wall, well defined and limiting the medium and upper lobe; the mass was well vascularized, and with central hypodensic areas. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cytology were normal. The definitive histology of the mass showed the presence of inflammatory cells admixed with fibroblasts and rare Touton giant cells in the lesion suggestive of a juvenile xanthogranuloma (JXG) of the lung. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2007; 42:844–846. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Approach to eradication of initial Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in children with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Treggiari Miriam M. , Rosenfeld Margaret , Retsch‐Bogart George , Gibson Ron , Ramsey Bonnie 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe primary cause of morbidity and mortality in children with cystic fibrosis (CF) is the progression of obstructive lung disease secondary to chronic endobronchial infection, mainly caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pa). Initial Pa isolates are typically non‐mucoid, usually susceptible to most anti‐pseudomonal antibiotics, and potentially amenable to eradication. Preliminary studies of early intervention suggest a “window of opportunity” with anti‐pseudomonal antibiotics to eradicate Pa from upper and lower airways. Several large trials in young children with CF are currently ongoing with the goals of (1) investigating if early intervention at the time of initial Pa acquisition is effective and safe and (2) identifying the least invasive and safest treatment regimen to achieve both microbiologic and clinical benefits. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2007; 42:751–756. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Radiative transition probabilities of CO2+
Authors: Šedivcová‐Uhlíková Tereza , Kaprálová‐Žďánská Petra R. , Špirko Vladimír 
Published: July 2007

AbstractRadiative transition probabilities (Einstein A coefficients), Franck‐Condon factors, and radiative lifetimes have been determined for the X3Π, 3Σ−, a1Σ+, 1Π, c1 Δ, and A3Σ+ states of the CO2+ dication using ab initio potential energy, spin‐orbit coupling, electric dipole and electronic transition moment functions, and the standard complex‐scaling method. The calculated radiative lifetimes of the upper electronic states of the spin‐allowed A3Σ+–X3Π and b1Π–a1Σ+ transitions are generally longer than their predissociating lifetimes, explaining thus the failure of the attempts made so far to observe CO2+ in the optical spectral region in a convincing fashion. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2007
Analysis of 25 underivatized amino acids in human plasma using ion‐pairing reversed‐phase liquid chromatography/time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry
Authors: Armstrong Michael , Jonscher Karen , Reisdorph Nichole A. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractAmino acids in biological fluids have previously been shown to be detectable using liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LC/ESI‐MS) with perfluorinated acids as ion‐pairing agents. To date, these studies have used precursor mass, retention time and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) to identify and quantify amino acids. While this is a potentially powerful technique, we sought to adapt the method to time‐of‐flight (TOF)MS. A new application of a recently described liquid chromatographic separation method was coupled with TOFMS to employ accurate mass for qualitative identification; resulting in additional qualitative data not available with standard single quadrupole data. In the current study, we evaluated 25 physiological amino acids and one dipeptide that are routinely quantified in human plasma. Accuracy and precision of the method was evaluated by spiking human plasma with a mix of the 25 amino acids; in addition, the inclusion of a cation‐exchange cleanup step was evaluated. The calibration curves were linear over a range from 1.56 to 400 µM. The dynamic range was found to be within physiological levels for all amino acids analyzed. Accuracy and precision for most of the amino acids was between 80–120% spike recovery and <10% relative standard deviation (RSD). The LC/MS technique described in this study relies on mass accuracy and is suitable for the quantitation of free amino acids in plasma. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Three‐dimensional transperineal sonographic characteristics of the anal sphincter complex in nulliparous women
Authors: Huang W.‐C. , Yang S.‐H. , Yang J.‐M. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractObjectiveTo explore the morphological characteristics and normal biometry of the anal sphincter complex in nulliparous Chinese women using three‐dimensional (3D) transperineal ultrasound.Methods3D sonographic data from 55 nulliparous Chinese women (aged 19–38 years) who had no pelvic organ prolapse and no symptoms of pelvic floor dysfunction were retrieved from an image dataset and analyzed by offline post‐processing. The morphological characteristics of the external and internal anal sphincters, puborectalis muscle and perineal body were assessed in the sagittal, coronal and axial views.ResultsThe external anal sphincter had three sonographic components: the circular main body, a subcutaneous part and an extension portion. It was significantly thinner at 12 o'clock than at the 3, 6 and 9 o'clock positions. The internal anal sphincter was seen as dark echolucent strips of equal thickness. In the mid‐sagittal view, it started from the anal verge and ended at the anorectal junction. The perineal body was an ovoid structure covering the upper margin of the external sphincter, while the puborectalis muscle was banana‐shaped in the sagittal view and was located behind the anorectal junction, extending downward along the inferior margin of the posterior external sphincter extension. Sonographic characteristics of the anal sphincter complex did not vary with age, weight, height or body mass index.Conclusions3D transperineal ultrasound clearly demonstrates the spatial relationships of each component of the anal sphincter complex. This should allow standardized measurement of the complex for investigations of its function. Copyright © 2007 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Seed dispersal of Korean pine Pinus koraiensis labeled by two different tags in a northern temperate forest, northeast China
Authors: Yi Xianfeng , Xiao Zhishu , Zhang Zhibin 
Published: July 2007

AbstractTwo types of tagging methods, i.e., a 1 × 3‐cm tin tag attached to seed with a 10‐ to 12‐cm metal wire (total weight 0.32 g) and a 2 × 4‐cm white plastic tag fastened to seed with an identical metal wire (total weight 0.57 g) were used to study their effects on seed dispersal of Korean pine by small rodents. A total of 600 seeds were released to assess four main points: (1) difference in seed survival rates, (2) difference in caching behaviors of small rodents, (3) difference in dispersal distances, and (4) proportion of seed missing. The results demonstrated that seed removal for wire‐plastic‐tagged seeds was faster than that for wire‐tin‐tagged seeds. There was no apparent difference in the proportion of seeds eaten in situ (42% and 52% for wire‐plastic‐tagged seeds and wire‐tin‐tagged seeds, respectively). We found 41% and 1% of seeds were moved and hoarded for wire‐plastic‐tagged seeds and wire‐tin‐tagged seeds, respectively. However, 2.33% and 14% of seeds were missing, and their ultimate fates were not known for wire‐plastic‐tagged seeds and wire‐tin‐tagged seeds, respectively. We found the wire‐plastic‐tagged seeds easier to track than the wire‐tin‐tagged seeds due to the fact that the white plastic tags were more salient than the tin tags in field environments. The average dispersal distances were 4.11 ± 2.40 m and 3.01 ± 2.06 m for wire‐plastic‐tagged seeds and wire‐tin‐tagged seeds, respectively, and showed great difference. Despite most being eaten in situ or after removal, 41% of seeds were cached for wire‐plastic‐tagged seeds, much more than for wire‐tin‐tagged seeds. A total of 71 primary caches (123 seeds) were found for wire‐plastic‐tagged seeds, with the average and maximum cache sizes being 1.73 and 6, respectively. However, only three caches were found, and cache size was equal to one for wire‐tin‐tagged seeds. The above data suggests there is some uncertainty in different tagging methods to used track seed fates. Despite their effectiveness in helping to trace seed dispersal or movement by seed‐dispersing rodents, different tagging methods—including size, color, and mass—need to be fully understand in enclosure experiments.
Effects of Dietary Cholesterol on Tissue Ceramides and Oxidation Products of Apolipoprotein B‐100 in ApoE‐Deficient Mice
Authors: Ichi Ikuyo , Takashima Yuka , Adachi Noriko , Nakahara Kayoko , Kamikawa Chiaki , Harada‐Shiba Mariko , Kojo Shosuke 
Published: July 2007

AbstractOxidized LDL (oxLDL) has been shown to activate the sphingomyelinase pathway producing ceramide in vascular smooth muscle cells. Therefore ceramide, which is a biologically active lipid causing apoptosis in a variety of cells, may be involved in the apoptotic action of oxLDL. In this study, we examined whether cholesterol enriched diets affected ceramide metabolism and oxidation product of LDL, represented by degradation of apolipoprotein B‐100 (apoB) in apoE‐deficient (apoE−/−) mice. ApoE−/− and wild type mice were fed a standard (AIN‐76) diet or 1% cholesterol‐enriched diet for 8 weeks. Tissue ceramide levels were analyzed using electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS). Ceramide levels in the plasma and the liver of apoE−/− mice were intrinsically higher than those of the wild type. In apoE−/− mice, dietary cholesterol significantly increased several ceramides and degradation products of apoB in plasma compared to those fed the control diet. Dietary cholesterol did not affect tissue ceramide levels in the wild type mice. Based on these results, plasma ceramides possibly correlate with the increase in LDL oxidation and are a risk factor for atherosclerosis.
Dietary Counseling and Probiotic Supplementation During Pregnancy Modify Placental Phospholipid Fatty Acids
Authors: Kaplas Niina , Isolauri Erika , Lampi Anna‐Maija , Ojala Tiina , Laitinen Kirsi 
Published: July 2007

AbstractIt has previously been shown that maternal nutrition affects the fetal environment, with consequences for the infant's health. From early pregnancy onwards participants here received a combination of dietary counseling and probiotics (Lactobacillus GG and Bifidobacterium lactis Bb12; n = 10), dietary counseling with placebo (n = 12), or placebo alone (n = 8). The major differences in placental fatty acids were attributable to a higher concentration of n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in both intervention arms than in controls. Further, dietary counseling with probiotics resulted in higher concentrations of linoleic (18:2n‐6) and dihomo‐γ‐linolenic acids (20:3n‐6) compared with dietary counseling with placebo or controls.
Morse index properties of colliding solutions to the N-body problem
Authors: Secchi Simone , Barutello Vivina 
Published: July 2007

We study a singular Hamiltonian system with an

α

-homogeneous potential that contains, as a particular case, the classical

N

-body problem. We introduce a variational Morse-like index for a class of collision solutions and, using the asymptotic estimates near collisions, we prove the non-minimality of some special classes of colliding trajectories under suitable spectral conditions provided

α

is sufficiently away from zero. We then prove some minimality results for small values of the parameter

α

.

Résumé

Nous étudions un système dynamique de type hamiltonien avec un potentiel

α

-omogène et singulier. Nous introduisons un indice variationnel de type Morse pour une classe de solutions avec collision et, à l'aide de certaines estimations asymptotiques dans un entourage des collisions, nous prouvons des resultats de non-minimalité lorsque

α

ne devient pas trop petit, sous des hypothèses spectrales. Enfin, nous prouvons aussi un résultat de minimalité lorsque

\alpha \rightarrow 0

.
Upper mantle lateral inhomogeneity estimated using global MVS
Authors: Plotkin V.V. , Belinskaya A.Yu. , Gavrysh P.A. 
Published: July 2007

Abstract
We processed synchronous observatory MVS data at periods from 1.2 to 6 days to estimate lateral conductivity variations in the upper mantle. The inverse problem for depth-dependent conductivity distribution was solved using correlation of the measured surface components of the geomagnetic field. We applied spherical harmonic expansion of the complex amplitudes of time harmonics and multiple averaging of the amplitudes obtained for different SH sets. The chosen approximation approach was tested by comparing the EM field simulated for a smoothly inhomogeneous Earth with the exact forward solution. The SHA-analyzed observatory data for fifteen magnetic storms were used to map global apparent conductivity variations.
Relationship of the seismic activity of the Tuvinian and adjacent Mongolian areas with the fractal dimensionality of a fault system
Authors: Ayunova O.D. , Kalush Yu.A. , Loginov V.M. 
Published: July 2007

Abstract
Using GIS technologies, we carried out a complex spatial analysis of the seismic activity and fractal dimensionality of fault fields in the Tuvinian and adjacent Mongolian areas. Results obtained showed that seismic activity is intrinsic to zones with the low fractal dimensionalities (1.2–1.4) of fault systems.
Inverse solution to the wave equation using the Laguerre transform
Authors: Mastryukov A.F. , Mikhailenko B.G. 
Published: July 2007

Abstract
An inverse solution to the 1D wave equation is obtained using the spectral Laguerre transform to find the distribution of wave velocities at some point of the medium. The problem is solved as optimization in which the function of Laguerre harmonics is minimized by the conjugate gradient or Newton’s algorithms.
Reported are velocities of a wave defined by a stepwise constant function. The accuracy of the inverse solution for the Laguerre harmonics is investigated against the approximation accuracy in the boundary problem. The accuracy and efficiency of the Laguerre method are compared to those in the Fourier method.
Late Cenozoic fault pattern and stress fields in the Barguzin rift (Baikal region)
Authors: Lunina O.V. , Gladkov A.S. 
Published: July 2007

Abstract
New structural and tectonophysical data, combined with the published geophysical and seismological evidence, were used to map the Late Cenozoic fault pattern and crustal stress in the Barguzin rift. Faults striking in the NE direction are the most abundant elements of the rift structure. A special part in the Late Cenozoic patterns of faults and stresses belongs to an over 400 km long N-S lineament which shows up as a system of separate fault segments between 110° and 110°30′ E. The Late Cenozoic evolution of the rift has been controlled mainly by extension punctuated with local shear stresses derived from the regional extension stress and accommodated by strike slip, combined with the dominant normal motion, along NE or N-NE faults and/or along their cross faults. Extension was of a relatively stable NW-SE direction, almost rift-orthogonal. The obtained fault pattern and stress maps can be used for reference in mapping seismic hazard associated with ongoing faulting in an active and changeable stress field.
Gravity effects caused by moderate earthquakes: role of local fault pattern
Authors: Lunina O.V. , Radziminovich Ya.B. , Gladkov A.S. 
Published: July 2007

Abstract
A rockfall was discovered on the left bank of the Verkhnyaya Angara River, 25 km away from the northwestern doorway of the North Muya tunnel of the Baikal-Amur Railway. We investigate the tectonic position of the rockfall and its linkage to a moderate earthquake using structural data and show that earthquakes of this intensity can produce notable ground failure if the local fault pattern is favorable for passage of seismic waves.
Prehistoric earthquakes and fault scarps in the Barguzin fault zone (Baikal Rift system)
Authors: Chipizubov A.V. , Arzhannikov S.G. , Semenov R.M. , Smekalin O.P. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractWe studied fault scarps produced by prehistoric earthquakes in the Barguzin fault zone and estimated the ages and the magnitudes of the scarp-forming events in each scarp segment from their structure, morphology, and scarp parameters. Morphological and structural data reveal two to four surface-rupturing events with displacement up to 5–9.5 m, and two events showed 14C ages of 4.5 and 9 kyr. The area of the Barguzin Fault may have experienced six 7.5 ≤ M &lt; 8.0 earthquakes and two M ≥ 8.0 (8.0–8.2) events for the past 10–12 kyr.
Nature and origin of a Pleistocene-age massive ground-ice body exposed in the Chapman Lake moraine Complex, central Yukon Territory, Canada
Authors: Lacelle Denis , Lauriol Bernard , Clark Ian D. , Cardyn Raphaelle , Zdanowicz Christian 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA massive ground-ice body was found exposed in the headwall of a thaw flow developed within the Chapman Lake terminal moraine complex on the Blackstone Plateau (Ogilvie Mountains, central Yukon Territory), which is contemporaneous to the Reid glaciation. Based on visible cryostructures in the 4-m-high headwall, two units were identified: massive ground ice, overlain sharply by 2 m of icy diamicton. The nature and origin of the Chapman Lake massive ground ice was determined using cryostratigraphy, petrography, stable O–H isotopes and the molar concentration of occluded gases (CO2, O2, N2 and Ar) entrapped in the ice, a new technique in the field of periglacial geomorphology that allows to distinguish between glacial and non-glacial intrasedimental ice. Collectively, the results indicate that the Chapman Lake massive ground ice formed by firn densification with limited melting–refreezing and underwent deformation near its margin. Given that the massive ground-ice body consists of relict glacier ice, it suggests that permafrost persisted, at least locally, on plateau areas in the central Yukon Territory since the middle Pleistocene. In addition, the d value of Chapman Lake relict glacier ice suggests that the ice covering the area during the Reid glaciation originated from a local alpine glaciation in the Ogilvie Mountains.
Advanced lipid peroxidation end products in oxidative damage to proteins. Potential role in diseases and therapeutic prospects for the inhibitors
Authors: Negre‐Salvayre A , Coatrieux C , Ingueneau C , Salvayre R 
Published: July 2007

Reactive carbonyl compounds (RCCs) formed during lipid peroxidation and sugar glycoxidation, namely Advanced lipid peroxidation end products (ALEs) and Advanced Glycation end products (AGEs), accumulate with ageing and oxidative stress‐related diseases, such as atherosclerosis, diabetes or neurodegenerative diseases. RCCs induce the ‘carbonyl stress’ characterized by the formation of adducts and cross‐links on proteins, which progressively leads to impaired protein function and damages in all tissues, and pathological consequences including cell dysfunction, inflammatory response and apoptosis. The prevention of carbonyl stress involves the use of free radical scavengers and antioxidants that prevent the generation of lipid peroxidation products, but are inefficient on pre‐formed RCCs. Conversely, carbonyl scavengers prevent carbonyl stress by inhibiting the formation of protein cross‐links. While a large variety of AGE inhibitors has been developed, only few carbonyl scavengers have been tested on ALE‐mediated effects. This review summarizes the signalling properties of ALEs and ALE‐precursors, their role in the pathogenesis of oxidative stress‐associated diseases, and the different agents efficient in neutralizing ALEs effectsin vitroandin vivo. The generation of drugs sharing both antioxidant and carbonyl scavenger properties represents a new therapeutic challenge in the treatment of carbonyl stress‐associated diseases.British Journal of Pharmacology(2008)153, 6–20; doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0707395; published online 23 July 2007
Nested effects models for high-dimensional phenotyping screens
Authors: Markowetz Florian , Kostka Dennis , Troyanskaya Olga G. , Spang Rainer 
Published: July 2007

Abstract
Motivation: In high-dimensional phenotyping screens, a large number of cellular features is observed after perturbing genes by knockouts or RNA interference. Comprehensive analysis of perturbation effects is one of the most powerful techniques for attributing functions to genes, but not much work has been done so far to adapt statistical and computational methodology to the specific needs of large-scale and high-dimensional phenotyping screens.
Results: We introduce and compare probabilistic methods to efficiently infer a genetic hierarchy from the nested structure of observed perturbation effects. These hierarchies elucidate the structures of signaling pathways and regulatory networks. Our methods achieve two goals: (1) they reveal clusters of genes with highly similar phenotypic profiles, and (2) they order (clusters of) genes according to subset relationships between phenotypes. We evaluate our algorithms in the controlled setting of simulation studies and show their practical use in two experimental scenarios: (1) a data set investigating the response to microbial challenge in Drosophila melanogaster, and (2) a compendium of expression profiles of Saccharomyces cerevisiae knockout strains. We show that our methods identify biologically justified genetic hierarchies of perturbation effects.
Availability: The software used in our analysis is freely available in the R package ‘nem’ from www.bioconductor.org
Contact: ogt@cs.princeton.edu