bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Connections of cat auditory cortex: III. Corticocortical system
Authors: Lee Charles C. , Winer Jeffery A. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe mammalian auditory cortex (AC) is essential for computing the source and decoding the information contained in sound. Knowledge of AC corticocortical connections is modest other than in the primary auditory regions, nor is there an anatomical framework in the cat for understanding the patterns of connections among the many auditory areas. To address this issue we investigated cat AC connectivity in 13 auditory regions. Retrograde tracers were injected in the same area or in different areas to reveal the areal and laminar sources of convergent input to each region. Architectonic borders were established in Nissl and SMI‐32 immunostained material. We assessed the topography, convergence, and divergence of the labeling. Intrinsic input constituted >50% of the projection cells in each area, and extrinsic inputs were strongest from functionally related areas. Each area received significant convergent ipsilateral input from several fields (5 to 8; mean 6). These varied in their laminar origin and projection density. Major extrinsic projections were preferentially from areas of the same functional type (tonotopic to tonotopic, nontonotopic to nontonotopic, limbic‐related to limbic‐related, multisensory‐to‐multisensory), while smaller projections link areas belonging to different groups. Branched projections between areas were <2% with deposits of two tracers in an area or in different areas. All extrinsic projections to each area were highly and equally topographic and clustered. Intrinsic input arose from all layers except layer I, and extrinsic input had unique, area‐specific infragranular and supragranular origins. The many areal and laminar sources of input may contribute to the complexity of physiological responses in AC and suggest that many projections of modest size converge within each area rather than a simpler area‐to‐area serial or hierarchical pattern of corticocortical connectivity. J. Comp. Neurol. 507:1920–1943, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Aneuploid mosaicism in the developing and adult cerebellar cortex
Authors: Westra Jurjen W. , Peterson Suzanne E. , Yung Yun C. , Mutoh Tetsuji , Barral Serena , Chun Jerold 
Published: February 2008

AbstractNeuroprogenitor cells (NPCs) in several telencephalic proliferative regions of the mammalian brain, including the embryonic cerebral cortex and postnatal subventricular zone (SVZ), display cell division “defects” in normal cells that result in aneuploid adult progeny. Here, we identify the developing cerebellum as a major, nontelencephalic proliferative region of the vertebrate central nervous system (CNS) that also produces aneuploid NPCs and nonmitotic cells. Mitotic NPCs assessed by metaphase chromosome analyses revealed that 15.3% and 20.8% of cerebellar NPCs are aneuploid at P0 and P7, respectively. By using immunofluorescent analysis of cerebellar NPCs, we show that chromosome segregation defects contribute to the generation of cells with an aneuploid genomic complement. Nonmitotic cells were assessed by fluorescence‐activated cell sorting (FACS) coupled with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), which revealed neuronal and nonneuronal aneuploid populations in both the adult mouse and human cerebellum. Taken together, these results demonstrate that the prevalence of neural aneuploidy includes nontelencephalic portions of the neuraxis and suggest that the generation and maintenance of aneuploid cells is a widespread, if not universal, property of central nervous system development and organization. J. Comp. Neurol. 507:1944–1951, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
CMOS digitally programmable quadrature oscillators
Authors: Alzaher Hussain A. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractCMOS digitally programmable quadrature oscillators based on digitally controlled current followers and voltage followers are proposed. The proposed designs provide the advantage of programmability similar to the operational transconductance amplifier‐based oscillators while offering improved linearity. In mixed analog/digital systems, the digital tuning feature allows direct interfacing with the digital signal processing part. Novel realizations that provide both voltage‐mode and current‐mode quadrature sinusoidal signals are presented. Employing only grounded capacitors the designs achieve independent control of the frequency and condition of oscillation that can be tuned digitally. Experimental results obtained from a 0.35 µm CMOS chip fabricated using standard CMOS process are given. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Novel conjugate vaccine for the prevention of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in cystic fibrosis patients
Authors: Matson Kelly L. , Bratberg Jeffrey P. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe published literature evaluating the safety and immunogenicity of the polyvalent O‐polysaccharide‐toxin A conjugate vaccine is reviewed. Primary immunization followed by annual booster significantly reduced the incidence of chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infections (particularly mucoid phenotype strains) and extended time to infection. The findings reflected lower frequency of P. aeruginosa in sputum/throat cultures and preservation of lung function. Additionally, studies indicated higher binding affinity of vaccine‐induced anti‐lipopolysaccharide (LPS) compared with infection‐induced anti‐LPS serum immunoglobulin G antibodies, suggesting protective capacity. P. aeruginosa prophylaxis with the conjugate vaccine in cystic fibrosis patients has proved safe and useful in preventing and delaying chronic lung infection. Drug Dev Res 68:512–521, 2007. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Noise removal for medical X‐ray images in wavelet domain
Authors: Wang Ling , Lu Jianming , Li Yeqiu , Yahagi Takashi , Okamoto Takahide 
Published: February 2008

AbstractMany important problems in engineering and science are well‐modeled by Poisson noise, and the noise of medical X‐ray images is Poisson noise. In this paper, we propose a method for noise removal for degraded medical X‐ray images using improved preprocessing and an improved BayesShrink (IBS) method in the wavelet domain. First, we preprocess the medical X‐ray image. Second, we apply the Daubechies (db) wavelet transform to medical X‐ray images to acquire scaling and wavelet coefficients. Third, we apply the proposed IBS method to process wavelet coefficients. Finally, we compute the inverse wavelet transform for the threshold coefficients. Experimental results show that the proposed method always outperforms traditional methods. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 163(3): 37– 46, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20486
New Heterodimetallic Platinum(II) Complexes Potentially Useful as Molecular Switches
Authors: Pérez Sonia , López Concepción , Caubet Amparo , Solans Xavier , Font‐Bardía Mercè 
Published: February 2008

AbstractFour types of platinum(II) complexes of general formulae [Pt(FcCH=NC6H4OH‐2)Cl2(L)] [Fc = (η5‐C5H5)Fe(η5‐C5H4), L = dmso (2) or PhCN (3)], [Pt(FcCH=NC6H4O‐2)Cl(dmso)] (4), [Pt{(η5‐C5H3CH=NC6H4O‐2)Fe(η5‐C5H5)}(L)] [L = dmso (5) or PPh3 (6)] or [Pt{(η5‐C5H3CH=NC6H4OH‐2)Fe(η5‐C5H5)}Cl(L)] [L = dmso (7) or PPh3 (8)] have been prepared. These compounds differ in the mode of binding of the ligand: (N) (in 2 and 3), (N,O)– (in 4), [C(sp2, ferrocene),N,O]2– (in 5 and 6) or [C(sp2, ferrocene),N]– (in 7 and 8). NMR, UV/Vis and electrochemical studies of 2 and 4–8 reveal that these products can be grouped in three pairs [(2c, 4b), (5, 7) and (6, 8)], and one of the compounds of each pair can be easily converted into its partner by a H+/OH– chemical input. The results obtained revealed that these transformations, that affect the spectroscopic and electrochemical properties, are reversible and robust. A study of the relevancy of the mode of binding of compounds 2 and 4–8 upon their potential utility of the new platinum(II) complexes as molecular switches is reported. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Steric Effects in the Self‐Assembly of Palladium Complexes with Chelating Diamine Ligands
Authors: Holló‐Sitkei Eszter , Tárkányi Gábor , Párkányi László , Megyes Tünde , Besenyei Gábor 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe influence of the steric properties of chelating diamines on the self‐assembly of [Pd(N∩N)](NO3)2 complexes with 4,4′‐bpy as bridging ligand has been studied by 1H NMR spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction (N∩N = N,N,N′,N′‐tetramethylethylenediamine, N,N,N′,N′‐tetraethylethylenediamine, 1,3‐diaminopropane, N,N′‐dimethylpiperazine, homopiperazine and ethylenediamine). Based on crystallographic data, the steric bulk of the chelating amines in the [Pd(N∩N)]2+ cations has been characterised in two different ways. A temperature‐ and concentration‐sensitive trimer/tetramer equilibrium was observed by NMR spectroscopy with every diamine, in which the trimeric species dominated when the chelating amine was the bulky tetraethylethylenediamine. Although the formation of tetramers was preferred with diamines of decreasing steric demands, trimeric aggregates could be observed even with the least congested homopiperazine and ethylenediamine complexes. The distribution of the tectons between the two constituents follows the trend predicted by the steric features of the coordinated diamine ligands. Diffusion NMR spectroscopy has proved to be an efficient tool in the identification of self‐assembled species. The trimer/tetramer equilibrium established with tetramethylethylenediamine as chelating ligand has been observed in solution by using wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Multifunctional Electrode Arrays: Towards a Universal Detection Platform
Authors: Polsky Ronen , Harper Jason C. , Wheeler David R. , Brozik Susan M. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractIn this article we review recent work in our laboratory towards the realization of a multianalyte microelectrode detection platform capable of discriminating chemicals and different biomolecules simultaneously. The functionalization of electrodes with aryl diazonium salts provides an electrically addressable deposition procedure capable of immobilizing a wide range of molecules. We demonstrate control over surface density and electron transfer kinetics as well as the activation of individual electrodes in an array. The direct electrically‐addressable immobilization of diazonium‐modified proteins is shown to be suitable for the construction of multianalyte immunosensors and the immobilization of horseradish peroxidase leading to the direct electron transfer between the redox enzyme and the electrode. The use of catalytic nanoparticles leads to the construction of a reagent‐less immunosensor and the simultaneous detection of DNA and proteins on the same electrode array is demonstrated.
Determination of the operational pH value of a buffering membrane by an isoelectric trapping separation of a carrier ampholyte mixture
Authors: North Robert Y. , Vigh Gyula 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe operational pH value of a buffering membrane used in an isoelectric trapping separation is determined by installing the membrane as the separation membrane into a multicompartmental electrolyzer operated in the two‐separation compartment configuration. A 3<pI<10 carrier ampholyte mixture (feed) is filled into both separation compartments and a binary isoelectric trapping separation is completed. A set of pI markers and a sufficient amount of a pI<3 auxiliary ampholyte is added to the aliquot collected from the anodic separation compartment of the electrolyzer. The same set of pI markers and a sufficient amount of a 10<pI ampholyte is added to the aliquot collected from the cathodic separation compartment of the electrolyzer. Both mixtures are then analyzed by CIEF: the pI markers whose pI values fall into the pI range of the carrier ampholytes trapped in the respective separation compartments become separated from each other, yielding two calibration lines. The pI markers whose pI values fall outside the range of the trapped carrier ampholytes appear merged into single bands at the extremes of the pH gradients. The pI values of the merged bands determined from the two calibration lines yield the operational pH value of the buffering membrane.
Application of machine learning algorithms to predict coronary artery calcification with a sibship‐based design
Authors: Sun Yan V. , Bielak Lawrence F. , Peyser Patricia A. , Turner Stephen T. , Sheedy Patrick F. , Boerwinkle Eric , Kardia Sharon L.R. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractAs part of the Genetic Epidemiology Network of Arteriopathy study, hypertensive non‐Hispanic White sibships were screened using 471 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to identify genes influencing coronary artery calcification (CAC) measured by computed tomography. Individuals with detectable CAC and CAC quantity ≥70th age‐ and sex‐specific percentile were classified as having a high CAC burden and compared to individuals with CAC quantity <70th percentile. Two sibs from each sibship were randomly chosen and divided into two data sets, each with 360 unrelated individuals. Within each data set, we applied two machine learning algorithms, Random Forests and RuleFit, to identify the best predictors of having high CAC burden among 17 risk factors and 471 SNPs. Using five‐fold cross‐validation, both methods had ∼70% sensitivity and ∼60% specificity. Prediction accuracies were significantly different from random predictions (P‐value<0.001) based on 1,000 permutation tests. Predictability of using 287 tagSNPs was as good as using all 471 SNPs. For Random Forests, among the top 50 predictors, the same eight tagSNPs and 15 risk factors were found in both data sets while eight tagSNPs and 12 risk factors were found in both data sets for RuleFit. Replicable effects of two tagSNPs (in genes GPR35 and NOS3) and 12 risk factors (age, body mass index, sex, serum glucose, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, systolic blood pressure, cholesterol, homocysteine, triglycerides, fibrinogen, Lp(a) and low‐density lipoprotein particle size) were identified by both methods. This study illustrates how machine learning methods can be used in sibships to identify important, replicable predictors of subclinical coronary atherosclerosis. Genet. Epidemiol. 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Productivity–quality–costs–safety: A sustained approach to competitive advantage—a systematic review of the national safety council's case studies in safety and productivity
Authors: Maudgalya Tushyati , Genaidy Ash , Shell Richard 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe marked improvement in workplace safety levels in the past few decades has resulted in companies experiencing fewer safety accidents than before, thus making it less effective to argue that money spent on workplace safety and on injury prevention will yield much bottom‐line benefit. To make a compelling business case for workplace safety investment, one must link safety objectives to other business objectives. The objective of this study is to determine whether workplace safety as a business objective adds value to the business bottom line. This research reviews published case studies to determine if there is a relationship between safety initiatives and increased productivity, quality, and cost efficiencies. Eighteen case studies (17 published by the National Safety Council) were analyzed using the Workplace Safety Intervention Appraisal Instrument. The appraisal scores ranged from 0.55 to 1.27, with an average of 0.91. The case studies were relatively strong in the Evidence Reporting and Data Analysis categories, as compared to the Subject Selection, Observation Quality, and Generalization to Other Populations categories. Following workplace safety initiatives, the studies revealed an average increase of 66% (2%–104%) in productivity, 44% (4%–73%) in quality, 82% (52%–100%) in safety records, and 71% (38%–100%) in cost benefits. In a few reported cases, it took only 8 months to obtain a payback in terms of monetary investment in the safety initiative. Although the studies did display a correlation between safety, productivity, and quality, there is insufficient evidence to categorically state that the improvements in productivity, quality, and cost efficiency were brought about by the introduction of an organization‐wide safety culture. Notwithstanding, there is demonstrable evidence to indicate that safety as a business objective can assist an organization in achieving the long‐term benefit of operational sustainability, that is, achieve a long‐term competitive advantage by balancing business costs against social costs. Further research is required to conclusively prove the exact (possibly quantifiable) impact of safety investment on increased productivity, quality, and cost efficiency. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Work compatibility and musculoskeletal disorders in the construction industry
Authors: Salem Osama , Sobeih Tarek M. , Genaidy Ash , Shell Richard , Bhattacharya Amit , Succop Paul 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe aim of this study was to measure the work compatibility of the different work‐related variables (physical and psychosocial) using the Demand–Energizer Instrument (DEI) and to determine their association with both musculoskeletal disorders and stress symptoms. In recent years, there has been increasing evidence that psychosocial factors play an important role in the development of musculoskeletal disorders. The study group consisted of 147 active construction workers. Data were collected by means of a questionnaire. The association between the exposure variables (work energizers and work compatibility) and outcome variables was determined using a multivariate logistic regression model with backward elimination of insignificant variables. There was a significantly high correlation between the demand and energizer aspects of the different work‐related variables. Three variables were positively associated with musculoskeletal/stress symptoms (protective effect), seven were negatively associated (hazardous effect), and two demonstrated both effects. When both demands and energizers were combined, the highest work compatibility was achieved in individual growth, economic, and social variables. The results of a factor analysis indicated that four work compatibility variables (work environment, physical task, performance, and job satisfaction) were significantly associated with musculoskeletal/stress symptoms. In the complex web of the human‐at‐work system, the work compatibility model significantly identified those work‐related variables that were associated with musculoskeletal/stress symptoms. Psychosocial factors play a significant role in the construction industry. A possible application of this research can be the use of the new tool in identifying priority areas for future intervention strategies. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Heterogeneity in the therapeutic approach to relapsed elderly patients with acute myeloid leukaemia: a survey from the Gruppo Italiano Malattie Ematologiche dell' Adulto (GIMEMA) Acute Leukaemia Working Party
Authors: Ferrara Felicetto , Fazi Paola , Venditti Adriano , Pagano Livio , Amadori Sergio , Mandelli Franco 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe percentage of long‐term survivors in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) in the elderly does not exceed 10–15% of patients enrolled into clinical trials because of lower complete remission (CR) rates and higher incidence of relapse. However, few data are available as the treatment of elderly patients with relapsed disease is concerned. The aim of this study was of collecting data on criteria adopted for the treatment of these patients. A questionnaire was e‐mailed to 32 haematologic institutions involved in the Gruppo Italiano per le Malattie Ematologiche dell'Adulto (GIMEMA) group. Questions to be addressed regarded: (1) per cent of relapsed elderly patients treated with aggressive salvage chemotherapy; (2) the selection criteria adopted for inclusion into intensive reinduction; (3) the specific treatment adopted; (4) the treatment given to patients not eligible for intensive salvage. Per cent of patients enrolled into aggressive salvage regimens varied from 10 to 80% (median 50%). The most frequent factor influencing the therapeutic choice was performance status (97%). Additional factors were age >70 years (44%) and duration of first CR (53%). Fludarabine including regimens were most frequently used as aggressive salvage therapy (59%), while gemtuzumab ozogamicin was adopted in various combinations at 11 out of 32 institutions (34%). For patients not eligible to aggressive therapy, the most frequent approach included hydroxyurea (59%). Low dose ARA‐C (LDARA‐C) was adopted at five centres: as single agent (n = 1), with 6‐thioguanine (n = 1), with vitamin D3 and all‐trans retinoic acid (ATRA) (n = 2), or with ATRA alone (n = 1). The FLT3 inhibitor CEP‐701 was used at one centre. We conclude that the treatment of AML in elderly relapsed patients is extremely heterogeneous. A marked selection is operated as to inclusion into aggressive salvage regimens and only a small minority of patients are offered experimental approaches. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Augmentation of heat transportation by an oscillatory flow in grooved ducts
Authors: Motoki Tatsuya , Ohno Yuichi , Hishida Makoto , Tanaka Gaku 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThis paper deals with heat transportation by oscillatory flow in grooved ducts. The heat transportation rate, work rate, heat transportation efficiency, and dispersions of fluid particles and heat were analyzed with the computer code FLUENT. The frequency and tidal amplitude of the oscillatory flow were 0.05 Hz and 45 mm, respectively. The internal diameters of the contraction and expansion sections of the grooved ducts were 6 and 12 mm, respectively. The groove lengths varied from 0 to 40 mm and the pitch of the grooves was fixed at 10 mm. We found that: (1) The grooved duct with S=15 mm had the highest heat transportation rate, which was about 4.5 times that of the smooth round pipe. (2) The grooved duct with S=20 mm had the greatest heat transportation efficiency, which was about 6.4 times that of the smooth round pipe. (3) Enthalpy transportation by the dispersion motion of fluid particles played a substantial role in the heat transportation of the grooved ducts with 5 mm≤S≤40 mm. (4) The grooved duct with S=10 to 15 mm had the greatest dispersion of fluid particles, which explained their having the greatest heat transportation rate. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res, 37(2): 68–85, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/htj.20192