bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Associations of Serum Adiponectin with Skeletal Muscle Morphology and Insulin Sensitivity
Authors: Ingelsson Erik , Ärnlöv Johan , Zethelius Björn , Vasan Ramachandran S. , Flyvbjerg Allan , Frystyk Jan , Berne Christian , Hänni Arvo , Lind Lars , Sundström Johan 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
Context: Skeletal muscle morphology and function are strongly associated with insulin sensitivity.
Objective: The objective of the study was to test the hypothesis that circulating adiponectin is associated with skeletal muscle morphology and that adiponectin mediates the relation of muscle morphology to insulin sensitivity.
Design, Settings, and Participants: This was a cross-sectional investigation of 461 men aged 71 yr, participants of the community-based Uppsala Longitudinal Study of Adult Men study.
Main Outcome Measures: Measures included serum adiponectin, insulin sensitivity measured with euglycemic insulin clamp technique, and capillary density and muscle fiber composition determined from vastus lateralis muscle biopsies.
Results: In multivariable linear regression models (adjusting for age, physical activity, fasting glucose, and pharmacological treatment for diabetes), serum adiponectin levels rose with increasing capillary density (β, 0.30 per 50 capillaries per square millimeter increase; P = 0.041) and higher proportion of type I muscle fibers (β, 0.27 per 10% increase; P = 0.036) but declined with a higher proportion of type IIb fibers (β, −0.39 per 10% increase; P = 0.014). Using bootstrap methods to examine the potential role of adiponectin in associations between muscle morphology and insulin sensitivity and the associations of capillary density (β difference, 0.041; 95% confidence interval 0.001, 0.085) and proportion of type IIb muscle fibers (β difference, −0.053; 95% confidence interval −0.107, −0.002) with insulin sensitivity were significantly attenuated when adiponectin was included in the models.
Conclusions: Circulating adiponectin concentrations were higher with increasing skeletal muscle capillary density and in individuals with higher proportion of slow oxidative muscle fibers. Furthermore, our results indicate that adiponectin could be a partial mediator of the relations between skeletal muscle morphology and insulin sensitivity.
Community Pharmacists’ Interventions in Asthma Care: A Descriptive Study
Authors: René-Henri Nola , Khamla Yvonne , Nadaira Natalie , Ouellet Catherine , Blais Lucie , Lalonde Lyne , Collin Johanne , Beauchesne Marie-France 
Published: December 2008

BACKGROUND Factors influencing community pharmacists’ interventions have been identified, but little information is available regarding these factors in asthma care. OBJECTIVE To describe the type and frequency of pharmacists’ asthma care interventions and to identify factors influencing those interventions. METHODS A pretested, self-administered questionnaire was mailed to all community pharmacists registered with the Ordre des pharmaciens du Québec in 2006. The form included questions about the pharmacists’ interventions in asthma care in the community setting (21 questions), factors influencing the provision of those interventions (13 questions), and the responders’ characteristics (17 questions). RESULTS A total of 4587 questionnaires were sent; 917 pharmacists returned the questionnaires (response rate 20%), and 877 were eligible for analysis. Overall, community pharmacists who completed the questionnaire appeared to intervene frequently when the initial prescription for asthma medication was filled. About 98% of responders reported providing verbal information always or often on new asthma medication prescriptions. Furthermore, checking for overuse of rescue medication and underuse of maintenance therapy always or often was reported by 91% and 85.8% of responders, respectively. Other interventions at follow-up were not as frequently reported. For example, only 8.4% of pharmacists reported reassessing inhalation technique always or often. Lack of time was reported to be an important barrier to the type and frequency of intervention, while interest on the part of the patient appeared to be a significant facilitator. About 99% of pharmacists agreed with the statement that they have an important role in asthma care. CONCLUSIONS Community pharmacists appear to intervene with patients with asthma mostly at the initiation of treatment, but some interventions at follow-up are not frequently done, which could be attributed to organizational factors.
Nutritional Practices in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: Analysis of a 2006 Neonatal Nutrition Survey
Authors: Hans Deborah M. , Pylipow Mary , Long Jeffrey D. , Thureen Patti J. , Georgieff Michael K. 
Published: December 2008

OBJECTIVE. The goal of this investigation was to determine how current parenteral nutrition and enteral nutrition practice intentions for preterm infants compare with published recommendations and previous feeding practices.METHODS. A survey of feeding strategies for 3 preterm infant weight groups was sent to NICU directors, neonatal fellowship directors, neonatologists, neonatal nurse practitioners, and neonatal dieticians. A total of 775 surveys were distributed by both electronic and standard mail services.RESULTS. There were 176 survey responses (23%). The majority of practitioners initiated parenteral nutrition for very preterm infants in the first day of life. Ninety-one percent of respondents increased protein delivery daily. Most respondents increased lipid delivery at a fixed rate, rather than on the basis of triglyceride levels. Insulin was used in 98% of units, but only 12% of the time as a nutritional adjuvant to increase weight gain. Across all birth weight categories, breast milk was prescribed most commonly for the first enteral feeding. Enteral feedings were started earlier and increased faster than in the past, especially for extremely low birth weight infants (&lt;1000 g). The majority of respondents prescribed enteral feedings for infants with indwelling umbilical arterial (75%) and umbilical venous (93%) catheters. Despite data that more rapid feeding advancement is safe, &gt;80% of respondents increased feedings at rates of 10 to 20 mL/kg per day across all weight categories.CONCLUSIONS. Clinicians reported that they are initiating parenteral and enteral nutrition earlier and in larger volumes than in the past, reflecting increased knowledge about best nutritional practices in very preterm neonates. The data suggest that the persistent extrauterine growth failure of preterm infants is not attributable to a lack of best nutritional practice knowledge and intention.
Social Experience in 10-Year-Old Children Born with a Cleft: Exploring Psychosocial Resilience
Authors: Feragen Kristin Billaud , Borge Anne I. H. , Rumsey Nichola 
Published: December 2008

Objective:The purposes of this study were to investigate self-reported social experience in 10-year-old children born with a cleft lip and/or palate and to gain a better understanding of variables implicated in psychosocial resilience.Design:Cross-sectional study of 10-year-old children from five consecutive birth cohorts, born from 1992 to 1997.Participants:A total of 268 children treated by the Oslo cleft team (Norway) participated in the study. The children's cleft conditions included cleft lip and palate, cleft lip alveolus, cleft palate, and submucous cleft palate.Outcome Measures:Psychosocial resilience was measured with the Child Experience Questionnaire (CEQ). Other variables were obtained during a clinical interview with the child. Cognitive, emotional, and psychosocial functioning was measured with the Personality Inventory for Children (PIC). Satisfaction with appearance was assessed through the use of the Satisfaction with Appearance Scales (SWA). Informants were both children and parents.Results:Cleft types differed significantly with respect to subtype and frequency of additional difficulties. Psychosocial resilience was associated with adequate emotional functioning, high satisfaction with appearance, and a lower frequency of reported teasing. Child characteristics such as visibility of cleft, gender, and additional diagnosis did not contribute to explain psychosocial resilience.Conclusions:Results reported here emphasise the importance of assessing the child's subjective report of satisfaction with appearance and psychosocial experience.
Internet-Derived Information on Cleft Lip and Palate for Families with Affected Children
Authors: Antonarakis Gregory Stylianos , Kiliaridis Stavros 
Published: December 2008

Objective: To investigate the nature and readability of cleft lip and palate–related family information on the Internet. Materials and Methods: An Internet search for “cleft lip,” “cleft palate,” and “family information” was carried out using three search engines. Within each search, the first 25 relevant websites identified were downloaded and assessed for country of origin, authorship, domain, referencing, links, advertising, mention of orthodontics, illustrations, cleft-specificity, and content. Readability was determined using the Flesch Reading Ease Score, the Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level, and the Fog Scale Level. Data were analyzed by simple descriptive statistics. Results: The initial search returned in excess of 1,800,000 hits. A total of 49 websites were evaluated, excluding repetitions, with a wide range of information available. The websites assessed were mostly of U.S. origin, with a .org domain, authored by universities/hospitals, not cleft-specific, without advertisements, contained links but not references, mentioned orthodontics even if to a small extent, contained some form of illustrations, and varied greatly in quantity and quality of information presented. A wide range of readability scores was obtained, equating to reading ages from fourth grade to university graduate level, with a mean reading age at the eighth to ninth grade level. Conclusions: Cleft lip and palate–related information for families on the Internet is variable in content, quality, and readability. Clinicians should have the responsibility to guide and help parents with website retrieval, while authors of websites should aim to keep information readable and relevant to family demands.
Advanced S(t)imulator for Cleft Palate Repair Techniques
Authors: Nagy Krisztián , Mommaerts Maurice Y. 
Published: December 2008

Objective: Our aim was to create a simple, inexpensive, reproducible, and life-size model of the oral cavity of a cleft palate patient. A step-by-step description of the assembly of our cleft palate simulator and its usefulness is presented. Materials: This model was made with readily available components, such as alginate impression material, impression plaster, paper template, latex examination gloves, ink pad, disposable water cup, rubber dam, rubber band, and water-based and fast-setting glue. Result: Repeated trials showed that the model can be assembled in a fast and straightforward way. The model was appropriate for simulating the structure of a cleft palate, and the Furlow double-opposing Z-plasty could be readily performed on this model. Conclusion: Our cleft palate simulator enables both the novice and keen cleft surgeons to simulate the intraoral situation of a cleft palate patient and to stimulate them to practice surgical techniques of palatal repair.
Racial/Ethnic Disparities in the Identification of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Mandell David S. , Wiggins Lisa D. , Carpenter Laura Arnstein , Daniels Julie , DiGuiseppi Carolyn , Durkin Maureen S. , Giarelli Ellen , Morrier Michael J. , Nicholas Joyce S. , Pinto-Martin Jennifer A. , Shattuck Paul T. , Thomas Kathleen C. , Yeargin-Allsopp Marshalyn , Kirby Russell S. 
Published: December 2008

Objectives. We sought to examine racial and ethnic disparities in the recognition of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). Methods. Within a multisite network, 2568 children aged 8 years were identified as meeting surveillance criteria for ASD through abstraction of evaluation records from multiple sources. Through logistic regression with random effects for site, we estimated the association between race/ethnicity and documented ASD, adjusting for gender, IQ, birthweight, and maternal education. Results. Fifty-eight percent of children had a documented autism spectrum disorder. In adjusted analyses, children who were Black (odds ratio [OR] = 0.79; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.64, 0.96), Hispanic (OR = 0.76; CI = 0.56, 0.99), or of other race/ethnicity (OR = 0.65; CI = 0.43, 0.97) were less likely than were White children to have a documented ASD. This disparity persisted for Black children, regardless of IQ, and was concentrated for children of other ethnicities when IQ was lower than 70. Conclusions. Significant racial/ethnic dispatrities exist in the recognition of ASD. For some children in some racial/ethnic groups, the presence of intellectual disability may affect professionals' further assessment of developmental delay. Our findings suggest the need for continued professional education related to the heterogeneity of the presentation of ASD.
The Influence of the Physical Environment and Sociodemographic Characteristics on Children's Mode of Travel to and From School
Authors: Larsen Kristian , Gilliland Jason , Hess Paul , Tucker Patricia , Irwin Jennifer , He Meizi 
Published: December 2008

Objectives. We examined whether certain characteristics of the social and physical environment influence a child's mode of travel between home and school.Methods. Students aged 11 to 13 years from 21 schools throughout London, Ontario, answered questions from a travel behavior survey. A geographic information system linked survey responses for 614 students who lived within 1 mile of school to data on social and physical characteristics of environments around the home and school. Logistic regression analysis was used to test the influence of environmental factors on mode of travel (motorized vs “active”) to and from school.Results. Over 62% of students walked or biked to school, and 72% from school to home. The likelihood of walking or biking to school was positively associated with shorter trips, male gender, higher land use mix, and presence of street trees. Active travel from school to home was also associated with lower residential densities and lower neighborhood incomes.Conclusions. Our findings demonstrate that active travel is associated with environmental characteristics and suggest that school planners should consider these factors when siting schools in order to promote increased physical activity among students.
Proximity of Fast-Food Restaurants to Schools and Adolescent Obesity
Authors: Davis Brennan , Carpenter Christopher 
Published: December 2008

Objectives. We examined the relationship between fast-food restaurants near schools and obesity among middle and high school students in California. Methods. We used geocoded data (obtained from the 2002–2005 California Healthy Kids Survey) on over 500 000 youths and multivariate regression models to estimate associations between adolescent obesity and proximity of fast-food restaurants to schools. Results. We found that students with fast-food restaurants near (within one half mile of) their schools (1) consumed fewer servings of fruits and vegetables, (2) consumed more servings of soda, and (3) were more likely to be overweight (odds ratio [OR] = 1.06; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.02, 1.10) or obese (OR = 1.07; 95% CI = 1.02, 1.12) than were youths whose schools were not near fast-food restaurants, after we controlled for student- and school-level characteristics. The result was unique to eating at fast-food restaurants (compared with other nearby establishments) and was not observed for another risky behavior (smoking). Conclusions. Exposure to poor-quality food environments has important effects on adolescent eating patterns and overweight. Policy interventions limiting the proximity of fast-food restaurants to schools could help reduce adolescent obesity.
Perceptions of Smoking-Related Risks and Benefits as Predictors of Adolescent Smoking Initiation
Authors: Song Anna V. , Morrell Holly E. R. , Cornell Jodi L. , Ramos Malena E. , Biehl Michael , Kropp Rhonda Y. , Halpern-Felsher Bonnie L. 
Published: December 2008

Objectives. The predictive value of perceptions of smoking-related risks and benefits with regard to adolescent smoking initiation has not been adequately established. We used prospective, longitudinal data to directly test whether smoking-related perceptions predict smoking initiation among adolescents. Methods. We administered surveys assessing perceptions of smoking-related risks and benefits to 395 high school students, beginning at the start of their ninth-grade year. We conducted follow-up assessments every 6 months until the end of 10th grade, obtaining 4 waves of data. Results. Adolescents who held the lowest perceptions of long-term smoking-related risks were 3.64 times more likely to start smoking than were adolescents who held the highest perceptions of risk. Adolescents who held the lowest perceptions of short-term smoking-related risks were 2.68 times more likely to initiate. Adolescents who held the highest perceptions of smoking-related benefits were 3.31 times more likely to initiate. Conclusions. Findings from this study provide one of the first sets of empirical evidence to show that smoking initiation is directly related to smoking-related perceptions of risks and benefits. Thus, efforts to reduce adolescent smoking should continue to communicate the health risks of smoking and counteract perceptions of benefits associated with smoking.
Association Between Metabolic Syndrome and Depressive Symptoms in Middle-Aged Adults
Authors: Akbaraly Tasnime N. , Kivimäki Mika , Brunner Eric J. , Chandola Tarani , Marmot Michael G. , Singh-Manoux Archana , Ferrie Jane E. 
Published: December 2008

OBJECTIVE—Although it is possible that the association between depression and the metabolic syndrome is a “two-way street,” the metabolic syndrome as a predictor of depression has been little investigated. We examined whether the metabolic syndrome is associated with the onset of depressive symptoms in a cohort of middle-aged British civil servants.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Analyses included 5,232 participants (41–61 years of age) from the Whitehall II prospective cohort study. Depressive symptoms were assessed in 1991–1993 and again 6 years later using the depression subscale from the 30-item General Health Questionnaire. Metabolic syndrome was assessed in 1991–1993, according to National Cholesterol Education Program criteria.
RESULTS—Presence of the metabolic syndrome was associated with an increased risk of future depressive symptoms, odds ratio 1.38 (95% CI 1.02–1.96) after adjustment for potential confounders. Of the five components, only central obesity, high triglyceride levels, and low HDL cholesterol levels predicted depressive symptoms. These components explained most of the association between the metabolic syndrome and the onset of depressive symptoms.
CONCLUSIONS—Our results suggest that the metabolic syndrome, in particular the obesity and dyslipidemia components, is predictive of depressive symptoms.
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma in a donkey. Use of laparoscopy to aid the diagnosis
Authors: Spanton J. A. , Mair T. S. , Krudewig C. 
Published: December 2008

SummaryPancreatic adenocarcinoma was diagnosed in a 15‐year‐old donkey that presented with signs of chronic laminitis, weight loss and chronic colic. An intra‐abdominal mass was identified by exploratory laparoscopy, and this was subsequently confirmed to be a pancreatic adenocarcinoma at post mortem examination. Unlike most previously reported cases of pancreatic disease in equids, this donkey had no clinicopathological evidence of an associated hepatopathy.
Cutaneous habronemiasis in a 9‐year‐old Arab gelding in the United Kingdom
Authors: Down S. S. , Hughes I. , Henson F. M. D. 
Published: December 2008

SummaryCutaneous habronemiasis causes ulcerative granulating lesions in the skin of equids. Dramatic exuberant tissue may be seen, which becomes traumatised by the horse. To the authors' knowledge, cutaneous habronemiasis has not previously been documented on the distal limb of horses in the UK. Cutaneous habronemiasis should be considered as a potential differential diagnosis for ulcerative granulating skin lesions on the distal limb of the horse.
Vulvar squamous cell carcinoma in situ within viral papillomas in an aged Quarter Horse mare
Authors: Smith M. A. , Levine D. G. , Getman L. M. , Parente E. J. , Engiles J. B. 
Published: December 2008

SummaryThis report describes the diagnosis and treatment of vulvar papillomatosis with carcinoma in situ in a 25‐year‐old mare. Papillomavirus was demonstrated via immunohistochemical staining of biopsies of the lesion. The papillomas were removed via laser excision and the surrounding vulvar tissue injected with 5‐fluorouracil. Additional more extensive laser excisions were required due to recurrence.
Pore network model for catalytic dehydration of methanol at particle level
Authors: Beigi Hossein , Dadvar Mitra , Halladj Rouein 
Published: December 2008

Abstractγ‐Alumina is used as a catalyst for converting methanol to dimethyl ether. The process takes place in a packed or fluidized bed reactor consisting of microporous particles with distributed pore sizes and interconnectivities. The efficiency of the process is, however, significantly affected by the pore space structure of the particles. All the previous attempts for modeling this phenomenon have used continuum formulation of the problem based on classical equations of mass transport and reaction, without any regards for the effect of pore space morphology. In this article, we study the catalyst's performance by developing a network model for the pore space, with distributed pore sizes and interconnectivities. The network model is used to study the effect of several parameters such as pore space morphology, concentration, and temperature on catalyst's effectiveness factor. The results will be used for reactor simulations. © 2008 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009
Kinetic modeling study of carbon nanotubes synthesis by fluidized bed chemical vapor deposition
Authors: Philippe R. , Serp P. , Kalck Ph. , Bordère S. , Plee D. , Gaillard P. , Bernard D. , Caussat B. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe kinetic and physical laws developed in the first part of the study have been implemented in a modified version of the bubbling bed Kato and Wen model to represent multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) synthesis by catalytic chemical vapor deposition from ethylene as carbon source and using an Fe/Al2O3 catalyst. The absolute deviation for MWCNT productivity between experimental results of Part 1 and simulations is of 17.3% when only considering experiments for which the bed is mainly in bubbling regime. The influence of the main operating parameters on the evolutions with time of the species molar fractions, the weight of MWCNTs formed, and the bed characteristics has been numerically studied. Such capabilities can help designing new reactors. Finally, the model has been used for scale up purposes, by increasing the reactor diameter and catalyst weight. Simulations have shown that the process productivity could reach 74 tons/year of MWCNTs in a reactor 45 cm in diameter. © 2008 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009