bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between serum albumin and periodontal disease in community‐dwelling elderly
Authors: Ogawa Hiroshi , Yoshihara Akihiro , Amarasena Najith , Hirotomi Toshinobu , Miyazaki Hideo 
Published: April 2006

AbstractAim: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between periodontal disease and general health status in community‐dwelling elderly using serum albumin concentration as a criterion index of the severity of an underlying disease and nutrition status.Methods: Serum albumin level was detected by the bromcresol green albumin (BCG) method and the data for serum albumin were available in 368 subjects aged 75 years. Pressure‐sensitive probes were used to measure loss of attachment (LA) on six sites of all teeth present. Information relevant to gender and smoking habit was obtained by means of a personal interview, while body mass index (BMI) and biochemical serum markers were investigated.Results: Serum albumin concentration ranged from 3.2 to 4.8 g/dl with a mean of 4.1±0.2. More than 70% of subjects had at least one site with LA 6+ mm, while 91 exhibited 10% or more sites with LA 6+ mm. Using a multiple regression analysis, we found that sites of LA 6+ mm had a significant effect on serum albumin level (correlation coefficient=−0.14; p<0.05), which was independent of the other covariates.Conclusions: The findings of the present study indicated that there might be an inverse relationship between periodontal disease and serum albumin concentration in these elderly subjects.
Is there a relationship between juvenile idiopathic arthritis and periodontitis?
Authors: Reichert Stefan , Machulla Helmut K. G. , Fuchs Corinna , John Vera , Schaller Hans‐Günter , Stein Jamal 
Published: April 2006

AbstractAim: The aim was to compare the prevalence of periodontal conditions in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) (n=78, age 14.4 years) with those revealed in a healthy control group (n=75, age 15.5 years).Material and Methods: In both groups, the approximal plaque index (API), the modified sulcular bleeding index (SBI), and the clinical attachment loss (CAL) were determined. Laboratory parameters for JIA activity included the capsule‐reactive protein (CRP) and the immunoglobulins A, G, M.Results: JIA patients had a significantly higher API (64.6%versus 49.9%, p=0.004) and slightly higher mean percentages of sites with CAL>3.5 mm (0.58%versus 0.22%, p=0.041). There was no significant difference in the prevalence of patients and controls who had sites with CAL >3.5 mm (25.6%versus 17.3%, p=0.212). The mean CAL was slightly greater (0.2 mm; p=0.030) in patients with CRP5.0 mg/l compared with patients with CRP<5.0 mg/l. Patients who took non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) had a significantly decreased SBI (26.2%versus 51.1%, p=0.019).Conclusion: After adjustment for microbial plaque, JIA is not a risk factor for periodontitis.
Time as a factor in the identification of subjects with different susceptibility to plaque‐induced gingivitis
Authors: Trombelli Leonardo , Scapoli Chiara , Calura Giorgio , Tatakis Dimitris N. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractObjectives: The purpose of this study was to assess whether identification of subjects with different susceptibility to plaque‐induced gingival inflammation is dependent on the length of time of de novo plaque accumulation.Methods: Retrospective analysis of data obtained from a recently reported (J Clin Periodontol31, 239, 2004) randomized split‐mouth localized experimental gingivitis trial involving 96 healthy non‐smokers. Gingival and plaque index, gingival crevicular fluid volume (GCF), angulated bleeding score, and the derived parameter cumulative plaque exposure (CPE) were recorded at days 0, 7, 14, and 21. The primary outcome variable to express severity of inflammation was GCF and each subject was a statistical unit. Based on subject distribution of GCF‐day 21 residuals after standardization for CPE‐day 21, two sub‐populations (upper and lower distribution quartiles) were selected. They were, respectively, defined as “high responders” (HR) (n=24) and “low responders” (LR) (n=24) and characterized by significantly different severity of gingivitis to similar amounts of plaque deposits. The same analysis was repeated at days 7 and 14. Prevalence of HR and LR was compared between days using the χ2 [ML] test.Results: For both day 7 and day 14, the quartile distribution of LR and HR was statistically significant (p=0.02). Fifty percent of LR and 71% of HR presented a consistent level of susceptibility to plaque‐induced gingival inflammation even after only 7 and/or 14 days of plaque accumulation.Conclusions: These findings support the concept that the subject‐based susceptibility to plaque‐induced gingival inflammation is an individual trait, only partly related to the length of time of exposure to plaque.
Persistence of Helicobacter pylori in the oral cavity after systemic eradication therapy
Authors: Gebara E. C. E. , Faria C. M. , Pannuti C. , Chehter L. , Mayer M. P. A. , Lima L. A. P. A. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractAim: The present study aimed to evaluate if the oral cavity of chronic periodontitis patients can harbor Helicobacter pylori after systemic eradication therapy.Materials and Methods: Samples of 30 patients (15 with gingivitis and 15 with chronic periodontitis) positive for H. pylori in the stomach were evaluated. Samples were collected 3 months after triple systemic antibiotic therapy from saliva, microbiota from the dorsum of the tongue, supra‐ and sub‐gingival plaque as well as gastric biopsies. DNA of each sample was extracted by the boiling method and used as a template in polymerase chain reaction with the primers JW22/23.Results: Eighteen patients (60%) harboured H. pylori in their mouths. Five patients (16.6%) were positive in saliva, two (6.6%) on the dorsum of the tongue, nine (30%) in supra‐gingival plaque, 14 (46.6%) in sub‐gingival plaque and three (10%) in the stomach. There was no statistically significant difference between study groups.Conclusion: Eradication of H. pylori after therapy was more effective for the stomach than for the mouth (p<0.001). Mouths of patients with gingivitis or with chronic periodontitis, who are positive for H. pylori in their stomachs, may be considered as reservoirs of these bacteria.
Differences in efficacy of two commercial 0.2% chlorhexidine mouthrinse solutions: a 4‐day plaque re‐growth study
Authors: Arweiler Nicole B. , Boehnke Nils , Sculean Anton , Hellwig Elmar , Auschill Thorsten M. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractBackground: The purpose of this clinical cross‐over study was to examine the antibacterial and plaque‐inhibiting properties of two chlorhexidine solutions compared with a negative control.Material and Methods: Twenty‐one volunteers refrained from all oral hygiene measures, but rinsed instead twice daily with 10 ml of a conventional chlorhexidine solution (0.2%; CHX), a chlorhexidine solution with anti‐discolouration system (ADS) (0.2%, alcohol‐free chlorhexidine solution (CSP)) or a placebo solution (Pla). Plaque index (PI), plaque area (PA) and bacterial vitality were assessed after 24 h (PI1, vital flora (VF)1) and 96 h (PI2; VF2, PA). After a 10‐day wash‐out period, a new test cycle was started.Results: Results for Pla were 0.94, 1.59, 27.4 (PI1, PI2, PA) and 79% and 72% (VF1 and VF2). CSP significantly reduced the parameter PI1, PI2 and PA to 0.67 (p=0.012), 1.0 and 15.7 (p<0.001). VF1 and VF2 (63% and 53%) were not significantly affected. The corresponding figures of CHX were 0.42, 0.43, 6.77, 33 and 16%, which were all significantly lower (all p<0.001). On comparing the two chlorhexidine solutions, CHX showed significantly higher reductions of all parameters.Conclusion: The results suggest that the 0.2% alcohol‐containing solution showed superiority in inhibiting plaque re‐growth and reducing bacterial vitality compared with the solution with ADS.
Best‐practice algorithms for the use of a bilayered living cell therapy (Apligraf®) in the treatment of lower‐extremity ulcers
Authors: Cavorsi Joseph , Vicari Frank , Wirthlin Douglas J. , Ennis William , Kirsner Robert , O'Connell Sean M. , Steinberg John , Falanga Vincent 
Published: April 2006

ABSTRACTTissue‐engineered skin substitutes such as Apligraf® have emerged over the past 20 years as among the most carefully studied and efficacious of the advanced wound modalities. These products have been proven as effective enhancements to general wound care, promoting wound closure particularly in instances where conventional wound care fails. Marketed for hard‐to‐heal wounds since 1998, Apligraf® has become part of standard wound care in many wound centers across the United States. Despite this situation, few general wound care guidelines incorporate advanced and active wound‐healing technologies, such as tissue‐engineered skin products. Because of this deficiency, appropriate patient selection and proper use of these product remain largely unaddressed within the general wound care community. Here, we describe the development of guidelines surrounding optimal use of the bilayered living cell therapy, Apligraf®, in the treatment of the two types of lower extremity ulcers for which the product is FDA approved: venous leg ulcer and diabetic foot ulcer. The guidelines detailed in this article focus on the identification and selection of patients who are at risk for failure of standard wound care therapy and thus appropriate for Apligraf® treatment. The intended audience for these guidelines is the general wound care practitioner, for whom the developed treatment algorithms and accompanying figure legends should provide practical, user‐friendly direction simplifying both patient selection and appropriate use of Apligraf® within the context of good wound‐healing practice.
Assessment of health‐related quality of life in patients with lymphedema of the lower limb
Authors: Franks Peter J. , Moffatt Christine J. , Doherty Debra C. , Williams Anne F. , Jeffs Eunice , Mortimer Peter S. 
Published: April 2006

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to examine the use of a number of tools in the evaluation of health‐related quality of life in patients with lower limb lymphedema, and to determine the consequences of cancer history and concurrent leg ulceration. Patients in one health trust having lower limb lymphedema were identified and interviewed at entry and after 24 weeks. The short form‐36 (SF‐36), modified Barthel scale, McGill short form pain questionnaire, and Euroqol were administered at both time points. Of the 164 (median age=76.9 years, 70.7% women) patients who comprised the study population, 15.2% had a history of cancer and 30.4% had coexisting current leg ulceration. Internal consistencies were high for all scales (Cronbach's α >0.80). There were high ceiling effects for a number of SF‐36 scores, and high floor effects in these and the McGill short form pain questionaire, scales. Despite these limitations, there was strong evidence that treatment led to significant improvements in six of eight scores of the SF‐36, three of three scores of the McGill short form pain questionnaire and the modified Barthel scale (all p<0.05). The improvement in physical functioning was significantly greater for patients who entered the study with a leg ulcer (mean different=9.1, 95% confidence interval 2.1–16.1, p=0.011). Patients treated with compression bandaging had significantly greater improvements for physical functioning (10.2) than those treated with compression hoisery (−1.5) or no treatment (−2.0), p=0.001. Of the tools assessed, the SF‐36, appears to be the most appropriate for use in this patient group.
Low serum zinc level as a predictive factor of delayed wound healing in total hip replacement
Authors: Zorrilla Pedro , Gómez Luis A. , Salido José A. , Silva Agustín , López‐Alonso Antonio 
Published: April 2006

ABSTRACTDelayed wound healing after total arthroplasty puts the patient at risk for superficial and deep infection, with substantial economic and social consequences. The objective of this study was to assess serum zinc levels as a tool for predicting such a delay in patients with primary osteoarthritis or osteoarthritis secondary to avascular necrosis. We conducted a prospective study of 80 total hip arthroplasties, analyzing possible correlations between delayed healing and serum zinc, nutritional parameters, and other demographic and epidemiological variables. The predictive value of preoperative serum zinc levels and lymphocyte counts was confirmed; thus, an arthroplasty procedure could be timed to minimize risk.
Inhibition of procollagen C‐proteinase reduces scar hypertrophy in a rabbit model of cutaneous scarring
Authors: Reid Russell R. , Mogford Jon E. , Butt Richard , DeGiorgio‐Miller Alex , Mustoe Thomas A. 
Published: April 2006

ABSTRACTHypertrophic scarring, which results from excessive collagen deposition at sites of dermal wound repair, can be functionally and cosmetically debilitating to the surgical patient. Pharmacological regulation of collagen synthesis and deposition is a direct approach to the control of scar tissue formation. One of the key steps in collagen stabilization is the cleavage of the C‐terminal propeptide from the precursor molecule to form collagen fibrils, a reaction catalyzed by procollagen C‐proteinase (PCP). We tested the ability of a PCP inhibitor to reduce hypertrophic scar formation in a rabbit ear model. After the placement of four, 7‐mm dermal wounds on each ear, New Zealand white rabbits received PCP inhibitor subcutaneously in the left ear at four time points postwounding: days 7, 9, 11, 13 (early treatment; n=20 wounds) or days 11, 13, 15, 17 (late treatment; n=20 wounds). The right ear of each animal served as a control (vehicle alone). Wounds were harvested on postoperative day 28 and scar hypertrophy quantified by measurement of the scar elevation index. Early treatment of wounds with PCP inhibitor did not reduce scar formation compared with controls (p>0.05). However, late treatment resulted in a statistically significant reduction in the scar elevation index (p<0.01). Our results point not only to the potential use of PCP inhibitors to mitigate hypertrophic scarring but also to the temporal importance of drug delivery for antiscarring therapy.
Purinergic substances promote murine keratinocyte proliferation and enhance impaired wound healing in mice
Authors: Braun Michael , Lelieur Karin , Kietzmann Manfred 
Published: April 2006

ABSTRACTAs membrane‐bound receptors for adenosine, purines, and pyrimidines, purinoceptors are expressed in nearly all cell types throughout the mammalian organism. Previous studies showed that purinoceptors are involved in the regulation of proliferation and differentiation of most target cells. The present study was performed to elucidate their role in keratinocyte proliferation and wound healing. The expression of the mRNA of several adenosine and P2Y receptors was shown in the immortalized murine keratinocyte cell line MSC‐P5 and primary cultured keratinocytes of four different mouse strains. The nonselective adenosine receptor agonist 5′‐(N‐ethyl)‐carboxamidoadenosine enhanced the growth of MSC‐P5 cells in vitro via the A2Breceptor. The proliferative stimulus of adenosine triphosphate and uridine triphosphate on this cell line was mediated by the P2Y2receptor. The mitogenic effect of the purinergic substances was inhibited by simultaneous treatment with respective antagonists. Studies in a mouse model of dexamethasone‐induced impaired wound healing showed the in vivo efficacy of the purinoceptor agonists. These studies confirm that pharmacological actions via purinoceptors offer an intriguing possibility in the treatment of impaired wound healing. Nevertheless, further investigations are needed to elucidate fully the role of purinergic mechanisms involved in wound healing.
Expression and possible mechanism of c‐ski, a novel tissue repair‐related gene during normal and radiation‐impaired wound healing
Authors: Liu Xia , Zhang En , Li Ping , Liu Jianzhong , Zhou Ping , Gu Da‐yong , Chen Xingyun , Cheng Tianmin , Zhou Yuanguo 
Published: April 2006

ABSTRACTC‐ski is a complicated regulating factor for fibroblast proliferation and an important co‐repressor of Smad3. Although inhibiting Smad3 activity can markedly promote wound healing because Smad3 mediates the role of transforming growth factor‐β in inhibiting cell proliferation and inducing cell apoptosis; there has been no report on whether c‐ski is expressed during wound healing and the relationship between its expression and wound healing. By establishing animal models of normal and radiation‐impaired wound healing and using immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization, and reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction, we found that c‐ski was expressed after wounding and reached its peak on day 9 and then significantly decreased. C‐ski was present in all repair cells, and was especially prominent in fibroblasts. Compared with the control side, the irradiated side showed a lower expression of c‐ski on postwound days 3–9, but higher on day 15, and not significantly different after the wound was healed. The expression of Smad3 was in contrast to the c‐ski and cellular proliferation was similar to that of c‐ski expression. The apoptosis index was significantly higher on the irradiated side on days 3–9 compared with the control side. In vitro, 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide results showed that c‐ski could reverse the inhibitory role of Smad3 on fibroblast proliferation. Flow cytometry analysis found that c‐ski also diminished fibroblast apoptosis induced by Smad3 transfection. These results suggest that there is not only obvious expression of this regulatory protein but there is also a significant change in the levels of c‐ski during wound healing. Its in vivo expression pattern and experiments in vitro suggest that c‐ski may be involved in tissue repair by repressing Smad3 activity. Radiation can reduce c‐ski and increase Smad3 expression, resulting in elevated Smad3 activity, resulting in diminished cell proliferation, cell apoptosis, and wound‐healing delays.
Phenotypic differences between oral and skin fibroblasts in wound contraction and growth factor expression
Authors: Shannon Diane B. , McKeown Scott T.W. , Lundy Fionnuala T. , Irwin Chris R. 
Published: April 2006

ABSTRACTWounds of the oral mucosa heal in an accelerated fashion with reduced scarring compared with cutaneous wounds. The differences in healing outcome between oral mucosa and skin could be because of phenotypic differences between the respective fibroblast populations. This study compared paired mucosal and dermal fibroblasts in terms of collagen gel contraction, α‐smooth muscle actin expression (α‐SMA), and production of the epithelial growth factors: keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) and hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor (HGF). The effects of transforming growth factor ‐β1 and ‐β3 on each parameter were also determined. Gel contraction in floating collagen lattices was determined over a 7‐day period. α‐SMA expression by fibroblasts was determined by Western blotting. KGF and HGF expression were determined by an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Oral fibroblasts induced accelerated collagen gel contraction, yet surprisingly expressed lower levels of α‐SMA. Oral cells also produced significantly greater levels of both KGF and HGF than their dermal counterparts. Transforming growth factor‐β1 and ‐β3, over the concentration range of 0.1–10 ng/mL, had similar effects on cell function, stimulating both gel contraction and α‐SMA production, but inhibiting KGF and HGF production by both cell types. These data indicate phenotypic differences between oral and dermal fibroblasts that may well contribute to the differences in healing outcome between these two tissues.
Serum‐dependent effects on adult and fetal tendon fibroblast migration and collagen expression
Authors: Brink Hallie E. , Miller Gregory J. , Beredjiklian Pedro K. , Nicoll Steven B. 
Published: April 2006

ABSTRACTCell migration and extracellular matrix synthesis play an important role in the wound‐healing response to injury. Several studies have described differences in migratory behavior and collagen biosynthetic activity in adult vs. fetal skin fibroblasts. The objective of this study was to examine the serum‐ and age‐dependent effects on cell migration and collagen expression in tendon fibroblasts. Medial tendon fibroblasts were isolated from pregnant ewes and their fetuses, and cultured with and without serum for up to 7 days. Cell migration was determined by quantitative image analysis, and collagen expression was assessed by reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemical staining. In serum‐containing medium, tendon fibroblasts migrated significantly faster than cells in serum‐free medium. Additionally, fetal tendon fibroblasts migrated significantly faster than adult tendon fibroblasts under both culture conditions. The expression of types I and III collagen mRNA was significantly up‐regulated in tendon cell populations in serum‐free medium compared with those in serum‐containing medium. Quantitative assessment of collagen staining indicated that fetal tenocytes produced more type I collagen than adult tenocytes under both culture conditions. These findings suggest that there is an inherent difference between adult and fetal tendon fibroblasts, which may have implications in the wound‐healing response in tendons.
Evaluation of Multiplex Flow Cytometric Opsonophagocytic Assays for Determination of Functional Anticapsular Antibodies to
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Authors: Martinez Joseph E. , Clutterbuck Elizabeth A. , Li Han , Romero-Steiner Sandra , Carlone George M. 
Published: April 2006

ABSTRACT

The determination of functional antipneumococcal capsular polysaccharide antibodies by sequential testing of pre- and postvaccination serum samples one serotype at a time is sample-intensive and time-consuming and has a relatively low throughput. We tested several opsonophagocytic assay (OPA) formats, including the reference killing method, a monovalent bacterium-based flow method, a trivalent bacterium-based flow method, and a tetravalent bead-based flow method using a panel of sera (4 prevaccination and 16 postvaccination, from healthy adults immunized with the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine). The trivalent and tetravalent methods allow simultaneous measurements of opsonic antibodies to multiple pneumococcal serotypes. The trivalent bacterial-flow OPA had significant correlation to the reference OPA method and to a previously published flow cytometric OPA (
r
values ranged from 0.61 to 0.91,
P
< 0.05) for serotypes 4, 6B, 9V, 14, 18C, 19F, and 23F. The tetravalent OPA had significant correlation to all OPA method formats tested (
r
values from 0.68 to 0.92,
P
< 0.05) for all seven serotypes tested. This tetravalent OPA is an alternative to other OPA methods for use during vaccine evaluation and clinical trials. Further, the flow cytometric multiplex OPA format has the potential for expansion beyond the current four serotypes to eight or more serotypes, which would further increase relative sample throughput while reducing reagent and sample volumes used.