bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Global 5-methylcytosine-RNA disruption reduces the vectorial competence to DENV2 of heatwave-exposedAedes aegyptimosquitoes
Authors: Claudio-Piedras Fabiola , Recio-Tótoro Benito , Lanz-Mendoza Humberto , Cime-Castillo Jorge 
Published: March 2024

AbstractHeatwaves are an increasingly common environmental event linked with climate change. Abnormally high heatwave temperatures can affect several mosquito vector traits that are determinants of pathogen transmission. Understanding how these mosquitoes adapt to high heat is vital for global public health. RNA methylation, a key cellular mechanism in stress response and adaptation, remains understudied in mosquito vector competence and heat stress responses. This study investigates the role of RNA methylation in mosquito responses to heatwaves and its influence on DENV2 vector competence. Heatwave-exposed and DENV-infected mosquitoes presented lower survivorship and lower antiviral transcriptional response, developed high infection rates, and increased the life expectancy of infected mosquitoes during the period of highest virus transmissibility. In contrast, inhibition of RNA methylation in heatwave-treated mosquitoes increased survivorship and the antiviral transcriptional response, reducing infection prevalence from 78% to 37%. These results indicate that the RNA methylation background in mosquitoes favors vector competence for DENV2 during a heatwave exposure, and points towards possible interventions to countermeasure the effect of climate change on DENV transmission.
Venom gland organogenesis in the common house spider
Authors: Hassan Afrah , Blakeley Grace , McGregor Alistair P. , Zancolli Giulia 
Published: March 2024

AbstractVenom is a remarkable innovation found across the animal kingdom, yet the evolutionary origins of venom systems in various groups, including spiders, remain enigmatic. Here, we investigated the organogenesis of the venom apparatus in the common house spider,Parasteatoda tepidariorum. The venom apparatus consists of a pair of secretory glands, each connected to an opening at the fang tip by a duct that runs through the chelicerae. We performed bulk RNA-seq to identify venom gland-specific markers and assayed their expression using RNAin situhybridisation experiments on whole-mount time-series. These revealed that the gland primordium emerges during embryonic stage 13 at the chelicera tip, progresses proximally by the end of embryonic development and extends into the prosoma post-eclosion. The initiation of expression of an important toxin component in late postembryos marks the activation of venom-secreting cells. Our selected markers also exhibited distinct expression patterns in adult venom glands:sageand the toxin marker were expressed in the secretory epithelium,forkheadandsum-1in the surrounding muscle layer, whileDistal-lesswas predominantly expressed at the gland extremities. Our study provides the first comprehensive analysis of venom gland morphogenesis in spiders, offering key insights into their evolution and development.
Direct Observation of Sub-Poissonian Temporal Statistics in a Continuous Free-Electron Beam with Subpicosecond Resolution
Authors: Borrelli S. , de Raadt T. C. H. , van der Geer S. B. , Mutsaers P. H. A. , van Leeuwen K. A. H. , Luiten O. J. 
Published: March 2024

We present a novel method to measure the arrival time statistics of continuous electron beams with subpicosecond resolution, based on the combination of an rf deflection cavity and fast single electron imaging. We observe Poissonian statistics within time bins from 100 to 2 ns and increasingly pronounced sub-Poissonian statistics as the time bin decreases from 2 ps to 340 fs. This 2D streak camera, in principle, enables femtosecond-level arrival time measurements, paving the way to observing Pauli blocking effects in electron beams and thus serving as an essential diagnostic tool toward degenerate electron beam sources for free-electron quantum optics.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Co-creation and innovation in higher education institutions: a systematic literature review and research agenda
Authors: Oliveira Tiago , Alves Helena , Leitão João 
Published: March 2024

PurposeThis systematic literature review aims to identify the main areas of study related to co-creation and innovation in Higher Education Institutions (HEIs), as well as the main external and internal stakeholders with whom co-creation is made.Design/methodology/approachThe empirical approach is based on 258 articles selected from the Web of Science (WoS), Clarivate Analytics and Scopus, Elsevier databases, with analysis of titles, abstracts and keywords following a research protocol. VOS viewer and CitNetExplorer software were used, with the twin aim of identifying publications with a higher number of citations and designing maps of reference word co-occurrence.FindingsThe analysis led to three clusters being identified: Cluster 1. Management and transfer of knowledge from HEIs to companies; Cluster 2. Co-creation and innovation in HEIs through cooperation between universities and companies; and Cluster 3. Universities’ third mission and their role in developing entrepreneurship education. The results of the literature clusters analysis led to proposing a conceptual model of analysis.Research limitations/implicationsDespite only employing two databases and the content analysis criteria, the three found clusters are linked, recognising the interplay between co-creation and innovation in HEIs, knowledge transfer to enterprises and the influence on HEIs' third goal.Practical implicationsThis systematic literature review highlights and gives a picture of the state-of-the-art in co-creation and innovation in HEIs, as well as presenting a model of co-creation and innovation in HEIs that can contribute to reinforcing the University-Industry-Community ties.Social implicationsThis study can lead to a better knowledge of the issue of co-creation and innovation at HEIs, as well as a deeper analysis of the sorts of relationships between HEIs and their stakeholders, as well as its impact on surrounding areas and influence.Originality/valueThe research highlights the interaction between HEIs and their stakeholders on a basis of value co-creation and innovation, providing mutual benefits for all involved, as well as greater development and recognition of HEIs and their surrounding regions’ image andreputation. A future research agenda is also presented on the topic of co-creation and innovation in HEIs.
Development of a self-reflection scale for observers of mathematics lesson during lesson study
Authors: Sakai Takeshi , Akai Hideyuki , Ishizaka Hiroki , Tamura Kazuyuki , Choy Ban Heng , Lee Yew-Jin , Ozawa Hiroaki 
Published: March 2024

PurposeThis study aims to develop a self-reflection scale useful for teachers to improve their skills and to clarify the Japanese teachers’ characteristics during mathematics lesson observation (MLO). In MLO, it is important to understand the lesson plan in advance to clarify observation points, and we aim to develop a scale including these points.Design/methodology/approachBased on the pre-questionnaire survey, nine perspectives and two situations for MLO were extracted. From these, a questionnaire for MLO was created. The results obtained from 161 teachers were examined, and exploratory factor analysis was conducted. ANOVA was conducted to analyze the effect of differences across the duration of teaching experience on the identified factors.FindingsWe developed a self-reflection scale consisting of 14 items with three factors: [B1] focus on instructional techniques and evaluation, [B2] focus on proactive problem-solving lesson development and [B3] focus on the mathematical background of the learning content. While duration of teaching experience showed no effect, three factors of the self-reflection scale for MLO showed a significant effect. Further multiple comparisons revealed the degree of focus was [B2]>[B1]>[B3].Originality/valueTeachers who use this developed scale may grasp the strengths and weaknesses of their own MLO, which leads to self-improvement. The perspectives emphasized in lesson observation are the same when creating lesson plans and implementing lessons, leading to lesson improvement. Furthermore, based on the characteristics of teachers revealed, new training programs regarding MLO can lead to higher-quality lesson studies.
Marketing beyond reality: a systematic literature review on metaverse
Authors: Yadav Sakshi , Pandey Shivendra Kumar , Sharma Dheeraj 
Published: March 2024

Purpose
This study aims to answer two significant questions: What are the relative consumer and firm-level effects of marketing through metaverse compared to conventional marketing endeavours? What are the current trends in utilizing the metaverse as reported in the recent literature?

Design/methodology/approach
This study uses a systematic literature review methodology, using a Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses flowchart to synthesize existing research. A total of 35 articles written in English were selected and analysed from two databases, Web of Science and EBSCO Host.

Findings
The findings indicate that consumer-level effects of the metaverse include consumer loyalty and brand attachment. The firm-level benefits are decentralization and cost reductions. The paper proposes a framework indicating variables that could attenuate or enhance the association between immersive components of the metaverse and their resultant effects.

Originality/value
This study contributes to understanding the role of metaverse in marketing practices related to the marketing mix components. The study conceptualizes a novel framework for the metaverse and its resultant effects.
Police custody in rural Scotland: negotiating boundaries, risk and organisational change
Authors: Wooff Andrew 
Published: March 2024

PurposeThis paper explores the challenging nexus of police custody, risk and intra-organisational boundaries in the context of a recently reformed national police service. Police custody is an often-hidden aspect of policing, away from the public gaze and scrutiny. Although there is increasing recognition of the importance of rural policing (e.g. Harkness (2020); Mawby and Yarwood (2011); Ruddell and Jones (2020); Yarwood and Wooff (2016)), there has been little or no focus on rural police custody. This paper seeks to begin to redress this by focussing on the challenges faced by rural police custody in the context of large-scale organisational change.Design/methodology/approachThis paper draws on data from a study funded by the Scottish Institute for Policing Research (2016–2018), entitled “Measuring Risk and Efficiency in Police Custody in Scotland”. The paper adopts a qualitative methodology to develop an understanding of the varying nature of police custody across Scotland. Two contrasting case study locations were selected, one urban and one rural. 12 semi-structured interviews and 15 hours of observation were carried out. Data was transcribed, coded and analysed and thematic analysis enabled themes to be developed. This paper draws on the data from the rural custody suite.FindingsDrawing on the theoretical framework of Giacomantonio (2014) and more recent considerations of abstract policing Terpstra et al. (2019), this paper offers insights into the ways that police custody in rural Scotland has been organised, against the backdrop of challenging organisational change. I argue that as policing services in Scotland have become increasingly “abstract” from communities, police custody as a national division has witnessed the impact of this more greatly than other parts of local policing. Intra-organisational management around staffing has led to complex management of risk, illustrating some of the challenges of national organisational change on police custody.Originality/valueThis paper focuses on the impact of large scale organisational change on rural police custody and intra-organisational relationships and dynamics. Rural policing is still a largely neglected area of study and rural police custody is even less understood. This paper therefore provides an original contribution by focusing on this under-researched area of policing. It also illustrates complexity around risk, staffing and management of people being held in rural police custody suites. It is therefore of value to policing scholars in other contexts, as well as rural criminology more generally. It has applicability to international contexts where macro level policing reform is occurring.
Thermoregulation enhances survival but not reproduction in a plant‐feeding insect
Authors: Leith Noah T. , Miller Em A. , Fowler‐Finn Kasey D. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Temperature influences nearly all aspects of fitness. However, reproduction is often more thermally sensitive than survival. Thermoregulation must maintain performance in both components of fitness to buffer populations from environmental change.

We assessed the fitness benefits of thermoregulation in Enchenopa binotata treehoppers. Under realistic mesocosm conditions, we quantified fine‐scale microclimates using 3D‐printed operative temperature models. We then compared operative temperatures to treehopper body temperatures and translated patterns of thermoregulation into variation in survival and reproduction. We also assessed two thermoregulatory mechanisms: precise microclimate choice and heat‐escape behaviours. Finally, we applied our results to evaluate if arthropod thermoregulation is accurately characterized by two theoretical models commonly used to simulate responses to environmental change.

We found substantial thermal variation at fine spatial scales relevant to insects: at a single point in time, temperatures within 30‐cm‐tall plants spanned ranges up to 19°C (23–42°C).

Lethal operative temperatures were common when air temperatures were high. However, heat escapes allowed treehoppers to almost entirely avoid lethal temperatures.

By contrast, individuals thermoconformed in the absence of lethal operative temperatures. This finding suggests that precise microclimate choice imposes high costs due to thermal uncertainty at fine spatial scales. Furthermore, given the narrow range of temperatures in which reproduction occurs, thermoregulation is unlikely to maintain reproduction.

Thermoregulation was most effective in the lowest‐quality and most spatially variable thermal habitats. Treehopper thermoregulation therefore more closely follows cost–benefit models of thermoregulation compared to models that account for inhibited movement at extreme temperatures.

Overall, even if thermoregulation can prevent lethal heat stress, it may have limited capacity to buffer arthropods and other small ectotherms from environmental change if it cannot maintain reproductive performance.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Markups in US food manufacturing accounting for non‐neutral productivity
Authors: Jaumandreu Jordi , Lopez Rigoberto 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWe examine the evolution of productivity and markups in US food and beverage manufacturing from 1959 through 2018. We account for non‐Hicks‐neutral (labour‐augmenting) productivity changes and compare markups with those in general manufacturing using the same dataset and model. We also compare our results with those of the increasingly popular De Loecker and Warzynski (2012, American Economic Review, 102, 2437) method, which does not account for non‐Hicks‐neutral productivity growth. Empirical results show that productivity growth in the food and beverage sector has been relatively slow and driven with equal intensity by Hicks‐neutral and labour‐augmenting productivity gains. General manufacturing shows higher productivity growth that is mostly labour‐augmenting, with markups comparable to those of food manufacturing. We find that accounting for labour‐augmenting productivity produces more moderate markup estimates than the De Loecker and Warzynski (2012) method. We also find no evidence of markups rising in either food manufacturing or general manufacturing in the last 20 years, in contrast to much of the recent economic literature.
Impact of HER2‐low expression on the efficacy of endocrine therapy with or without CDK4/6 inhibitor in HR‐positive/HER2‐negative metastatic breast cancer: A prospective study
Authors: Wu Yun , Mo Hongnan , Xu Hangcheng , Wang Yan , Wang Jiayu , Ma Fei , Xu Binghe 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundCDK4/6 inhibitors in combination with traditional endocrine therapy (ET) have become the recommended first‐line therapy for HR‐positive/HER2‐negative metastatic breast cancer (MBC). The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the relationship between HER2‐low expression and clinical outcomes in HR‐positive/HER2‐negative MBC patients receiving ET with or without CDK4/6 inhibitors.MethodsBetween April 2016 and November 2019, 233 women with HR‐positive/HER2‐negative MBC who received ET with or without CDK4/6 inhibitors were enrolled into the study. The primary endpoint was progression‐free survival (PFS). Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics, Kaplan–Meier curves, and Cox proportional hazards models.ResultsHER2‐low and HER2‐zero subgroups in the CDK4/6 inhibitor plus ET cohort showed no significant difference in the median PFS (10.9 vs. 8.0 months; hazard ratio: 0.92; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.64–1. 30; p = 0.65), while HER2‐low subgroup showed a significantly shorter median PFS compared to the HER2‐zero subgroup in the ET alone cohort (5.6 vs. 17.0 months; hazard ratio: 2.82; 95% CI: 1.34–5.93; p = 0.0044). Moreover, the objective response rate was significantly lower in the HER2‐low subgroup than the HER2‐zero subgroup in the ET alone cohort (10.5% vs. 40.0%, p = 0.047). Lastly, no significant difference was observed in the overall survival between the HER2‐low and HER2‐zero subgroups in both cohorts.ConclusionThis study suggested that HER2‐low expression may predict the efficacy of ET but not that of CDK4/6 inhibitor plus ET in HR‐positive/HER2‐negative MBC patients. The results of this study highlight the importance of integrating HER2 status in tailoring personalized treatment strategies for HR‐positive MBC.
Investigating the dissociative subtype of post‐traumatic stress disorder in single‐ and multi‐event trauma‐exposed youth: Prevalence, course, prognosis, severity and functional impairment
Authors: White William F. , Burgess Aaron , Dalgleish Tim , Dixon Clare , Halligan Sarah L. , Hiller Rachel M. , McKinnon Anna , Smith Patrick , Meiser‐Stedman Richard 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed, following both single‐ and multi‐event trauma, to ascertain prevalence and course of the dissociative subtype of post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD‐DS) in youth; how well early PTSD‐DS predicts later PTSD; and whether dissociation accounts for unique variance in post‐traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) and functional impairment over and above the effect of other post‐trauma cognitive processing factors and PTSS respectively.Design and MethodsThis study is a secondary analysis of data from the Acute Stress Programme for Children and Teenagers study (n = 234) and the Coping in Care After Trauma study (n = 110) in which children had experienced single‐ and multi‐event trauma respectively.ResultsPTSD‐DS diagnosis was common in children with PTSD regardless of trauma experienced (>39.0%). PTSD‐DS showed a similar trajectory of natural recovery to PTSD, and it was similarly predictive of later PTSD following single‐event trauma. Finally, dissociation was a significant factor in PTSS and functional impairment.ConclusionsThese results should be viewed in the context of several limitations including narrow sample of participants which reduces the generalizability of results, concerns around children's ability to conceptualize challenging concepts such as dissociation and the use of self‐report measures to form diagnostic groups. The PTSD‐DS diagnosis may offer clinical utility to the extant PTSD diagnosis in children and adolescents, as dissociation has been shown to be a contributory factor in the maintenance of both PTSS and functional impairment. Further research is required to inform further editions of the DSM and other diagnostic systems.
Efficacy and predictors of immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with gallbladder cancer
Authors: Cheng Zhuo , Yang Cheng , Zhao Qian , Zhong Jingjiao , Zhang Jin , Jin Riming , Li Yao , Ta Na , Wu Dong , Yuan Zhengang , Sun Wen , Wang Ruoyu 
Published: March 2024

AbstractImmune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have shown promising efficacy in multiple cancers including biliary tract cancers (BTCs). However, the data focusing on the efficacy of ICIs in patients with gallbladder cancer (GBC) is still limited. In this study, we aim to assess the efficacy of ICIs in GBC and explore the clinicopathologic and molecular markers associated with ICI benefit. We retrospective analyzed 69 GBC patients who had received ICI therapy between January 2016 and December 2020. Tumor samples were obtained for genomic sequencing and immunohistochemical analysis. The median progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) was 4.4 months and 8.5 months, respectively. Multivariate analysis indicated that alcohol intake history, carcinoma embryonic antigen (CEA) level ≥100 U/mL, and cutaneous immune‐related adverse events (irAEs) were independent prognostic factors for PFS. CEA level ≥100 U/mL and cutaneous irAEs were independent prognostic factors for OS. The objective response rate and disease control rate (DCR) were 15.9% and 37.7%, respectively. Patients with cutaneous irAEs, high CD8+ T cell infiltrated or immune inflamed GBCs had higher DCR. Patients with high CD8+ T cell infiltrated or immune inflamed GBCs also had a notably improved prognosis. These results suggest that ICIs were effective in patients with GBC. High CEA level, cutaneous irAEs, high CD8+ T cell infiltration, and immune inflamed phenotype could be useful for predicting the efficacy of ICIs in GBC.
A nationwide registry‐based observational study of thyroid disease incidence in the Faroe Islands
Authors: Johannesen Herborg Líggjasardóttir , Veyhe Anna Sofía , Andreassen Jens , Weihe Pál , Strøm Marin , Andorsdóttir Guðrið , Rasmussen Aase Krogh , Feldt‐Rasmussen Ulla , Carlé Allan , Andersen Stig 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe occurrence of thyroid disease varies among populations. While the iodine nutrition level of the Faroese seems to have been decreasing over the past decades, there is no systematic evaluation of the thyroid disease pattern in the Faroe Islands. Such knowledge of thyroid disease occurrence in the North Atlantic region may support healthcare planning and prevention. To investigate incidence rates, including subtypes of thyroid diseases, and demographic characteristics of thyroid disease patients in the Faroe Islands, to improve understanding of the patterns and trends of these disorders.Design and MethodA registry‐based observational study was conducted over 10 years, encompassing all adult Faroese individuals. Patients and Measurements: Health records from general practitioners and hospitals were used to identify incident cases of thyroid diseases. Validation was performed using multiple data sources. The incidence rates were standardised using population data from the middle of the study period 2006–2018.ResultsAmong the 1152 individuals diagnosed with thyroid disease, the standardised incidence rates per 100,000 person‐years were 55 for hyperthyroidism and 112 for hypothyroidism, and around four times higher in women than in men. Hashimoto's thyroiditis was the dominant cause of hypothyroidism, while Graves' disease was the leading cause of hyperthyroidism. The incidence of hypothyroidism increases with age. A decreasing trend was observed over time for both hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism.ConclusionConsidering the decrease in iodine nutrition levels over the past decades, we were surprised by the high incidence of autoimmune thyroid disease. The findings highlight the need for continuous monitoring of thyroid disease occurrence in coastal areas of the North Atlantic Ocean.