bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of imidacloprid on the reproduction of acaricide‐resistant and susceptible strains of Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae)
Authors: Ako Mouhoube , Poehling Hans‐Michael , Borgemeister Christian , Nauen Ralf 
Published: March 2006

AbstractOccasional reports linking neonicotinoid insecticide applications to field population outbreaks of the two‐spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch, have been a topic of concern for integrated pest management (IPM) programmes, particularly in apples. In order to shed light on the factors which may contribute to the occasional field population increase of T. urticae following the application of neonicotinoid insecticides, greenhouse experiments have been set up. Four different T. urticae strains, namely GSS (acaricide‐susceptible), WI (organophosphate‐selected), USA (a largely uncharacterised strain) and Akita (METI (mitochondrial electron transport inhibitor) acaricide‐resistant and cross‐resistant to dicofol), were compared for their fecundity without insecticide treatment and for their ovipositional response to foliar and drench applications of the field‐relevant dose of imidacloprid (100 mg litre−1). Without insecticide treatment, strain GSS laid significantly more eggs (162.50 (±5.43)) than the multiple resistant strain Akita (139.90 (±5.54)) during a 16 day oviposition period. With imidacloprid treatment the highest effect was observed with GSS, with a significantly reduced number of eggs in drench (143.40 (±4.22)) and foliar (144.60 (±5.85)) applications. For strains Akita and USA, no significant differences were observed in oviposition between imidacloprid treatments and controls. The proportion of F1 female offspring decreased significantly with drench application for GSS and WI, while no differences were observed among strains in the survival of F1 immature stages, except for strain USA. The viability of eggs was relatively high (from 82.9 (±4.5)% for USA to 95.2 (±1.2)% for GSS) and not affected by imidacloprid treatments. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
Mode of action of etoxazole
Authors: Nauen Ralf , Smagghe Guy 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe mode of action of the 2,4‐diphenyl‐1,3‐oxazoline acaricide/insecticide etoxazole has been argued to be moulting inhibition, but experimental results supporting this hypothesis are lacking. This study investigated the effect of etoxazole on chitin biosynthesis in the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Etoxazole induced moulting defects in fall armyworm larvae similar, if not identical, to those caused by benzoylphenylureas, a well‐known class of insecticidal chitin biosynthesis inhibitors. Furthermore, in contrast to untreated larvae, the chitin content in the integuments of larvae several days after treatment did not differ from that in freshly ecdysed individuals, thus suggesting strong chitin biosynthesis inhibition in vivo. A more detailed investigation of the inhibitory potential by incubating cultured integument pieces from larvae of S. frugiperda with [14C]N‐acetyl‐D‐glucosamine, a radiolabelled chitin precursor, revealed I50 values of 2.95 and 0.071 µM for etoxazole and triflumuron respectively. The incorporation of radiolabel into potassium hydroxide‐resistant material was inhibited by etoxazole in a dose‐dependent manner. Based on these results, it is concluded that the acaricidal and insecticidal mode of action of etoxazole is chitin biosynthesis inhibition. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
North American practices for connections in wood construction
Authors: Snow Monica , Asiz Andi , Chen Zheng , Chui Ying Hei 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThis paper presents results of a formal survey of current North American practices for connections in wood construction and synthesizes the data with related knowledge and experience. The primary aim of the survey was to assess current practices for selecting, designing, and specifying connections that join lumber and other structural wood‐based products to each other, or components made of other material. The survey instruments were broad based electronic questionnaires and follow‐up discussions with selected respondents, experts and producers of engineered wood products. Different questionnaires were distributed to structural engineers in Canada and the US, and architects in Canada. Follow‐up discussions were focussed on specific issues and removal of ambiguities in responses to questionnaires. It was found that traditional fasteners like bolts, nails, spikes and screws are most widely utilized. Connection selection, design and specification practices have not changed significantly owing to the introduction of modern engineered wood products into the market place. Major perceived deficiencies in engineering design information are: complexity of code rules, lack or scarcity of appropriate information related to screwed connections, non‐factory gluing, practical difficulty of using split ring and shear plate connectors, and appropriateness of using power‐driven nails when design codes only address use of hammer‐driven nails. The findings of the surveys are helping with prioritization of research activities within Canada and proposed revision of the Canadian wood design code.
Rapid Estimation of Potato Tuber Quality by Near‐Infrared Spectroscopy
Authors: Haase Norbert U. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractStarch and protein parameters of potato tubers were estimated by near‐infrared (NIR) spectroscopy measurements of the crude potato mash. Calibration was carried out with a condensed data set of original 1481 individual samples from a varying number of varieties and breeding lines, grown at eight locations over a three‐years period. Validation of the models was performed with an independent data set (n = 133). Starch content of potato tubers was determined with the official under‐water weighting procedure of the EU, and could be predicted with 90% confidence. The NIR model of phosphorus content of starch had a prediction confidence of 53%. Total protein content could be predicted, too (62% confidence), whereas the amount of coagulable protein was not predictable (R2 = 0.25). Despite the different qualification levels of the models, guiding to concrete prediction tools or to a very rough estimation graduating from “low” to “high”, the NIR technique enables potato starch processing plants to optimise both potato starch quality and processing efficiency.
Effect of Acetylation on Rheological Properties of Rice Starch
Authors: Shon Kwang‐Joon , Yoo Byoungseung 
Published: March 2006

AbstractRheological properties of acetylated rice starch pastes (5%, w/w) as a function of acetyl degree of substitution (0.025–0.104) were evaluated in steady and dynamic shear. The acetylated rice starch pastes at 25°C had high shear‐thinning behavior (n = 0.17–0.20) with high Casson yield stress (σoc = 47.4–84.1 Pa). Magnitudes of consistency index (K) and yield stress (σoc) increased with increase in acetyl substitution degree. Apparent viscosity (ηa,100) obeyed the Arrhenius temperature relationship over the temperature range of 10–55°C; the activation energy (Ea) values of acetylated starch pastes were in the range of 9.46–11.4 kJ/mol. Magnitudes of storage modulus (G′), loss modulus (G′′) and complex viscosity (η*) of acetylated starch pastes increased with increase in degree of acetyl substitution, and the magnitudes of G′ were also much greater than those of G′′ and η* at all values of frequencies (ω). The Cox‐Merz superposition rule did not describe the relationship between dynamic (η*) and apparent viscosity (ηa) for all samples.
Structure transformations in CrNi steels under tribological stressing at low temperatures
Authors: A?mus K. , Hübner W. , Pyzalla A. , Pinto H. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe stability of austenitic FeCrNi alloys to martensitic transformation is essential for the operation of cryogenic components in motion. High strength, sufficient ductility and the absence of ferromagnetism are desired properties. Results of ball‐on‐disc sliding tests are presented. Examples are given for testing at room temperature and conclusions are made for low temperatures equivalent to the boiling points of nitrogen, hydrogen and helium. Changes in the alloy microstructure are shown by light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, magnetic induction, and X‐ray diffraction methods. The influence of liquid hydrogen on structure transformation is taken into special consideration, since it decreases the stacking fault energy of the materials, and favours martensitic transformation. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A low‐order model for analysing effects of blade fatigue load control
Authors: Kallesøe B. S. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractA new low‐order mathematical model is introduced to analyse blade dynamics and blade load‐reducing control strategies for wind turbines. The model consists of a typical wing section model combined with a rotor speed model, leading to four structural degrees of freedom (flapwise, edgewise and torsional blade oscillations and rotor speed). The aerodynamics is described by an unsteady aerodynamic model. The equations of motion are derived in non‐linear and linear form. The linear equations of motion are used for stability analysis and control design. The non‐linear equations of motion are used for time simulations to evaluate control performance. The stability analysis shows that the model is capable of predicting classical flutter and stall‐induced vibrations. The results from the stability analysis are compared with known results, showing good agreement. The model is used to compare the performance of one proportional–integral–derivative controller and two full‐state feedback controllers. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Use of Preoperative Endoscopic Tattooing in Laparoscopic Colorectal Cancer Surgery for Endoscopically Advanced Tumors: A Prospective Comparative Clinical Study
Authors: Arteaga‐González Ivan , Martín‐Malagón Antonio , Fernández Eudaldo M. López‐Tomassetti , Arranz‐Durán Javier , Parra‐Blanco Adolfo , Nicolas‐Perez David , Quintero‐Carrión Enrique , Luis Hermogenes Díaz , Carrillo‐Pallares Angel 
Published: March 2006

AbstractBackgroundEndoscopic India ink marking techniques are often used for the intraoperative location of colonic polyps and early stage neoplasms. The aim of this study was to compare how effective this technique is compared with conventional localization methods, as well as its influence on the results of colorectal laparoscopy (LSCRC) for endoscopically advanced tumors.MethodsFrom January 2003 to January 2005, 47 patients with colorectal carcinomas were included in the study. In one group, lesions were localized preoperatively by endoscopic India ink tattooing (n = 21; tattooed group, TG), while conventional methods were used in the others (n = 26; non‐tattooed group, NTG). Patients’ perioperative clinical and pathoanatomical data were prospectively collected.ResultsBoth groups were comparable in age, sex distribution, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score, body mass index (BMI), technique performed, tumor size and proportion of patients who had previous abdominal surgery. Three patients presented ink spillage without clinical repercussions. Visualization of the correct resection site was higher in the TG (100% vs. 80.8%, P = 0.03). Operative time (147.3 ± 46.2 vs. 187.0 ± 52.7 minutes, P = 0.02) and blood loss (99.3 ± 82.8 vs. 163.6 ± 96.6 cc, P = 0.03) were lower in the TG. There were no differences between groups regarding peristalsis, introduction of oral intake, hospital stay or intra‐ and postoperative complication rates. No differences were observed amongst pathoanatomical data studied.ConclusionsPreoperative endoscopic tattooing is a safe and effective technique for intraoperative localization of advanced colorectal neoplasms, improving the operative results of LSCRC.
Review of: BRCA1 and cyclin D1: gate keepers in hormone responsive tissues?
Authors: Griekspoor A. , Margarido T. C. , Zwart W. , Michalides R. 
Published: March 2006

Citation of original article:C. Wang et al. Cancer Research 2005; 65(15): 6557–6567.Abstract of the original article:The cyclin D1 gene is frequently overexpressed in human breast cancer and is capable of inducing mammary tumorigenesis when overexpressed in transgenic mice. The BRCA1 breast tumor susceptibility gene product inhibits breast cancer cellular growth and the activity of several transcription factors. Herein, cyclin D1 antagonized BRCA1-mediated repression of estrogen receptor α(ERα)-dependent gene expression. Cyclin D1 repression of BRCA1 function was mediated independently of its cyclin-dependent kinase, retinoblastoma protein, or p160 (SRC-1) functions in human breast and prostate cancer cells. In vitro, cyclin D1 competed with BRCA1 for ERα binding. Cyclin D1 and BRCA1 were both capable of binding ERα in a common region of the ERα hinge domain. A novel domain of cyclin D1, predicted to form a helix-loop-helix structure, was required for binding to ERα and for rescue of BRCA1-mediated ERα transcriptional repression. In chromatin immunoprecipitation assays, 17β-estradiol (E2) enhanced ERα and cyclin D1 recruitment to an estrogen response element (ERE). Cyclin D1 expression enhanced ERα recruitment to an ERE. E2 reduced BRCA1 recruitment and BRCA1 expression inhibited E2-induced ERα recruitment at 12 h. Cyclin D1 expression antagonized BRCA1 inhibition of ERα recruitment to an ERE, providing a mechanism by which cyclin D1 antagonizes BRCA1 function at an ERE. As cyclin D1 abundance is regulated by oncogenic and mitogenic signals, the antagonism of the BRCA1-mediated ERα repression by cyclin D1 may contribute to the selective induction of BRCA1-regulated target genes.
Personal view: the management of chronic hepatitis B infection
Authors: SHERMAN M. 
Published: March 2006

SummaryThere are two new nucleoside analogues available for the management of chronic hepatitis B, adefovir and entecavir, and several more in development. In addition, pegylated interferon has become available. Large‐scale population studies have re‐emphasized the significance of viral load in predicting a poor outcome over the longer term. These new developments have prompted a reassessment of the indications and objectives of therapy for chronic hepatitis B.Hepatitis B virus deoxyribonucleic acid, rather than alanine aminotransferase should be the prime indication for therapy. Hepatitis B e antigen seroconversion can be achieved in 30–40% of treated patients whatever agent is used. However, it takes longer for nucleoside analogues to achieve the same seroconversion rates as interferon. In anti‐HBe‐positive disease long‐term therapy is required for most patients because the relapse rate after withdrawal of therapy is very high, irrespective of the agent used.Viral resistance limits the use of lamivudine, and to a lesser extent adefovir. Resistance to entecavir has so far only been described in pre‐existing lamivudine resistance. Although therapy with combinations of nucleoside analogues has not been investigated to any extent, this is the only way to reduce the emergence or resistance, and studies are urgently needed.
The pseudo‐receiver domain of CikA regulates the cyanobacterial circadian input pathway
Authors: Zhang Xiaofan , Dong Guogang , Golden Susan S. 
Published: March 2006

SummaryCikA (circadian input kinase) is a component of the cyanobacterial circadian clock that aids in synchronizing the endogenous oscillator with the external environment. cikA mutants of the prokaryotic circadian model organism Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 fail to reset the phase of the circadian rhythm of gene expression after an environmental time cue, and also exhibit reduced amplitude and shortened period of circadian oscillation. CikA has histidine protein kinase (HPK) activity that is modulated in vitro by GAF and pseudo‐receiver (PsR) domains. Here we show that the PsR domain negatively regulates HPK activity in vivo and also serves as an interaction module to dock CikA at a specific subcellular location. Phenotypes conferred by alleles that encode CikA variants showed that all domains except the featureless N‐terminus are required for CikA function. Overexpression of all alleles that encode the PsR domain, whether or not the HPK is functional, caused a dominant arrhythmic phenotype, whereas overexpressed variants that lack PsR did not. Subcellular localization of intact CikA identified a polar focus whereas a variant without PsR showed uniform distribution in the cell, consistent with a model in which PsR mediates interaction with other input pathway components.
A novel dnaC mutation that suppresses priB rep mutant phenotypes in Escherichia coli K‐12
Authors: Boonsombat Ruethairat , Yeh Su‐Ping , Milne Amy , Sandler Steven J. 
Published: March 2006

SummaryThe loading of a replisome in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells at an origin of DNA replication and during replication restart is a highly ordered and regulated process. During replication restart in Escherichia coli, the PriA, PriB, PriC, DnaT and Rep proteins form multiple pathways that bind to repaired replication forks. These complexes are then recognized by DnaC as sites to load DnaB, the replicative helicase. Several dnaC mutations have been isolated that suppress phenotypes of some replication restart mutants. A new dnaC mutation (dnaC824) is reported here that efficiently suppresses priB rep mutant phenotypes. Furthermore, it is shown that dnaC824 will suppress phenotypes of priB priA300, rep priA300 and priB priC strains. Unlike other dnaC suppressors, it can only weakly suppress the absence of priA. Others have reported a different type of dnaC mutation, dnaC1331, is able to mimic priB mutant phenotypes. This is supported herein by showing that like dnaC1331, a priB mutation is synthetically lethal with a dam mutation and this can be rescued by a mutH mutation. Furthermore, priB dam lethality can also be suppressed by dnaC824. Like a priB mutation, a dnaC1331 mutation causes a priA2::kan‐like phenotype when combined with priA300. Lastly, we show that dnaC824 is dominant to wild type and that dnaC1331 is recessive to wild type. Several models are discussed for the action of these mutant dnaC proteins in replication restart.
Inhibition of dissolution within shallow water carbonate sediments: impacts of terrigenous sediment input on syn‐depositional carbonate diagenesis
Authors: PERRY CHRISTOPHER T. , TAYLOR KEVIN G. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe early diagenetic chemical dissolution of skeletal carbonates has previously been documented as taking place within bioturbated, shallow water, tropical carbonate sediments. The diagenetic reactions operating within carbonate sediments that fall under the influence of iron‐rich (terrigenous) sediment input are less clearly understood. Such inputs should modify carbonate diagenetic reactions both by minimizing bacterial sulphate reduction in favour of bacterial iron reduction, and by the reaction of any pore‐water sulphide with iron oxides, thereby minimizing sulphide oxidation and associated acidity. To test this hypothesis sediment cores were taken from sites within Discovery Bay (north Jamaica), which exhibit varying levels of Fe‐rich bauxite sediment contamination. At non‐impacted sites sediments are dominated by CaCO3 (up to 99% by weight). Pore waters from the upper few centimetres of cores show evidence for active sulphate reduction (reduced SO4/Cl− ratios) and minor CaCO3 dissolution (increased Ca2+/Cl− ratios). Petrographic observations of carbonate grains (specifically Halimeda and Amphiroa) show clear morphological evidence for dissolution throughout the sediment column. In contrast, at bauxite‐impacted sites, the sediment is composed of up to 15% non‐carbonate and contains up to 6000 μg g−1 Fe. Pore waters show no evidence for sulphate reduction, but marked levels of Fe(II), suggesting that bacterial Fe(III) reduction is active. Carbonate grains show little evidence for dissolution, often exhibiting pristine surface morphologies. Samples from the deeper sections of these cores, which pre‐date bauxite influence, commonly exhibit morphological evidence for dissolution implying that this was a significant process prior to bauxite input. Previous studies have suggested that dissolution, driven by sulphate reduction and sulphide oxidation, can account for the loss of as much as 50% of primary carbonate production in localized platform environments. The finding that chemical dissolution is minor in a terrigenous‐impacted carbonate environment, therefore, has significant implications for carbonate budgets and cycling, and the preservation of carbonate grains in such sediment systems.
The influence of an Enhanced Recovery Programme on clinical outcomes, costs and quality of life after surgery for colorectal cancer
Authors: King P. M. , Blazeby J. M. , Ewings P. , Longman R. J. , Kipling R. M. , Franks P. J. , Sheffield J. P. , Evans L. B. , Soulsby M. , Bulley S. H. , Kennedy R. H. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractObjective  Optimizing peri‐operative care using an enhanced recovery programme improves short‐term outcomes following colonic resection. This study compared a prospective group of patients undergoing resection of colorectal cancer within an enhanced recovery programme, with a prospectively studied historic cohort receiving conventional care.Patients and methods  Sixty patients underwent elective resection within an enhanced recovery programme (ERP). This incorporated pre‐operative counselling, epidural analgesia, early feeding and mobilization. Clinical outcomes were compared with 86 prospectively studied historic control patients receiving conventional care (CC). All patients completed EORTC QLQ‐C30, QLQ‐CR38 and health economics questionnaires up to three months after surgery.Results  Baseline clinical data were similar in both groups. Postoperative hospital stay was significantly reduced in the ERP, with patients staying 49% as long as those in the CC group including convalescent hospital stay (95% CI 39% to 61%P < 0.001). There were no differences in the number of complications, readmissions or re‐operations. There were no significant differences in quality of life or health economic outcomes.Conclusion  Patients undergoing colorectal resection within an ERP stay in hospital half as long as those receiving conventional care, with no increased morbidity, deterioration in quality of life or increased cost.
The rectal pocket syndrome after stapled mucosectomy
Authors: Pescatori M. , Spyrou M. , Cobellis L. , Bottini C. , Tessera G. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractObjective  Stapled rectal mucosectomy (SM) is less painful than manual haemorrhoidectomy but may be followed by unusual complications which may require reinterventions. The aim of the present study was to report on a particular postoperative complication, the rectal pocket syndrome (RPS).Methods  Six patients, four females and two males, five with severe proctalgia and signs of intermittent sepsis and one with faecal soiling following SM, underwent clinical examination, proctoscopy (n = 5) anal manometry and ultrasound (n = 4) revealing a painful rectal intramucosal pocket with an endoluminal orifice at the level of the suture line. Four of them underwent a reintervention.Results  At surgery, a faecolyth was found to be entrapped in the rectal pocket with an underlying chronic abscess in four patients. The cavity was laid open and curetted in all cases. One of the females needed a fistulotomy of a low intersphincteric track after one year. In none of the others did endorectal pocketing and abscess or prostatitis recur after a mean follow up of 25 months (range 2–60 months). The male patient still had moderate postevacuation pain and prostatitis possibly via a bacterial translocation after two months. Overall, the incidence of the post mucosectomy RPS at our Units was 2.5%.Conclusions  The RPS can occur after SM, is likely to be due to a failure of either the purse‐string or of the staples causing a suture defect leading to an intramural sinus, and may be successfully treated by a transanal lay‐open in most cases.