bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AN EVALUATION OF SEQUENCING RULES FOR AN ASSEMBLY SHOP
Authors: Russell Roberta S. , Taylor Bernard W. 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTResearch relating to sequencing rules in simple job shops has proliferated, but there has not been a corresponding proliferation of research evaluating similar sequencing rules in more complex assembly job shops. In a simple job shop, all operations are performed serially; but an assembly shop encompasses both serial and parallel operations. As a result of the increased complexity of assembly shops, the results associated with the performance of sequencing rules in simple job shops cannot be expected for an assembly shop. In this paper, 11 sequencing rules (some of which are common to simple job shops and some decigned specifically for assembly shops) are evaluated using a simulation analysis of a hypothetical assembly shop. The simulation results are analyzed using an ANOVA procedure that identifies significant differences in the results of several performance measures. Sensitivity analysis also is performed to determine the effect of job structure on the performance of the sequencing rules.
Concepts, Theory, and Techniques ROBUST METHODS: AN ALTERNATIVE APPROACH FOR ANALYZING DATA SETS CONTAINING INFLUENTIAL DATA POINTS
Authors: Chatterjee Sangit , Wiseman Frederick 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTRecent advances in statistical estimation theory have resulted in the development of new procedures, called robust methods, that can be used to estimate the coefficients of a regression model. Because such methods take into account the impact of discrepant data points during the initial estimation process, they offer a number of advantages over ordinary least squares and other analytical procedures (such as the analysis of outliers or regression diagnostics).This paper describes the robust method of analysis and illustrates its potential usefulness by applying the technique to two data sets. The first application uses artificial data; the second uses a data set analyzed previously by Tufte [15] and, more recently, by Chatterjee and Wiseman [6].
NEW TECHNOLOGY INVESTMENTS IN MULTISTAGE PRODUCTION SYSTEMS
Authors: Chakravarty Amiya K. , Shtub Avraham 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe introduction of new technologies in production and manufacturing (such as robotics, flexible manufacturing systems (FMS), and computer‐aided design and manufacturing (CAD/CAM)) frequently motivates capital investment decisions. Traditionally, the need for additional capacity has motivated the evaluation of investment decisions which were undertaken based on financial factors such as the net present value (NPV), internal rate of return, taxation, and depreciation.This research integrates investment decisions with operational decisions for the case of multistage production assembly systems. We show that for such systems investment decisions affect not only the financial structure but also production scheduling and material flow in the system.
AN EMPIRICAL VALIDATION OF ADAM IN A CAPITAL BUDGETING CONTEXT*
Authors: Bao Da‐Hsien 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe attribute‐dynamic attitude model (ADAM) offers a description of decision processes that has greater theoretical appeal than that offered by the multiple regression model. It distinguishes judgment from choice, explains inconsistent behavior, and shows the implications of criterion weight modifications when decision situations change. This study tests the validity of ADAM empirically in a capital budgeting context. Results of a laboratory experiment show that: (1) ADAM is a good ex ante descriptor of decision processes and (2) ADAM weights are context dependent and differ significantly from a priori weights. The results support an equal‐weighting theory.
THE IMPACT OF EXTREME OBSERVATIONS ON SIMPLE FORECASTING METHODS*
Authors: Kucukemiroglu Orsay , Ord Keith 
Published: June 2007

AbstractIn general linear modeling, an alternative to the method of least squares (LS) is the least absolute deviations (LAD) procedure. Although LS is more widely used, the LAD approach yields better estimates in the presence of outliers. In this paper, we examine the performance of LAD estimators for the parameters of the first‐order autoregressive model in the presence of outliers. A simulation study compared these estimates with those given by LS. The general conclusion is that LAD does not deal successfully with additive outliers. A simple procedure is proposed which allows exception reporting when outliers occur.
Concepts, Theory, and Techniques A JOINT LOT‐SIZING RULE FOR FIXED LABOR‐COST SITUATIONS
Authors: Pinto Peter A. , Mabert Vincent A. 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTMany American firms are implementing just‐in‐time production in order to minimize inventories, reduce flow time, and maximize resource utilization. These firms recognize that, in the short run, setup costs really are fixed expenses and it is available capacity which is the critical factor in determining production‐run quantities. We propose using available capacity to increase the number of setups and reduce lot‐size inventories. This results in improved relevant cost performance. Sugimori, Kusunoki, Cho, and Uchikawa [16] in their paper on the Toyota kanban system developed a relationship for lead time but failed to use it for lot sizing. We use this relationship to develop the joint lot‐sizing rule. The efficacy of our proposed rule is demonstrated by applying it to lot‐size scheduling problems at the John Deere Engine Works [14]. Extensions of the proposed rule to undercapacity situations with material‐wastage costs in the setup processes and to multistate production inventory systems also are discussed.
COMPARISON OF CONSENSUS METHODS FOR PRIORITY RANKING PROBLEMS
Authors: Jensen Robert E. 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTVarious consensus methods proposed for ranking problems yield controversial rankings and/or tied rankings which are vulnerable to considerable dispute. These include Borda‐Kendall (BK) and minimum‐variance (MV) methods. This paper compares three continuous (ratio‐scale) consensus scoring methods with BK and MV ranking methods. One method, termed GM, is an eigenvector scaling of the geometric‐mean consensus matrix. GM allows for (1) paired‐comparison voting inputs (as opposed to all‐at‐once ranking), (2) pick‐the‐winner preference voting, and (3) ratio‐scale preference voting. GM is relatively simple to calculate on small computers or calculators, and merging of “close” candidates into tied rankings can be achieved by using an e‐threshold tie rule discussed in this paper. The GM method thus can be used for paired‐comparison voting to calculate both a ratio‐scaled consensus index (based on a consensus eigenvector) and a ranking of candidates that allows for ties between “close” candidates. Eigenvalue analysis is used as a means of evaluating voter inconsistencies.
OPTIMAL SAFETY‐STOCK INVESTMENT THROUGH SUBJECTIVE EVALUATION OF STOCKOUT COSTS
Authors: Badinelli Ralph D. 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTThis paper solves the problem of setting safety stocks by combining a subjective evaluation of the stockout‐cost function with the usual holding‐cost function. The technique given in this paper for estimating a decision maker's (DM's) disvalue function for stockouts is robust in terms of the shapes permissible for this function and allows for uncertainty on the part of the DM in expressing his/her trade‐offs. The estimation technique could be applied to situations other than the safety‐stock problem. We provide an optimization routine for the safety‐stock problem which is designed to operate in conjunction with the estimation technique. Safety‐stock levels are arrived at iteratively.
MODELS OF PARTS‐ORIENTING SYSTEMS*
Authors: Yeralan Sencer , Chang C. Alec 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTAn analytical model to estimate, evaluate, and compare the behavior and performance of parts‐orienting systems for automated manufacturing systems is developed. The model can be applied to parts‐orienting systems for both traditional series‐structured manufacturing systems and nontraditionally structured flexible manufacturing systems. Numerical examples are given for typical system configurations such as the pure series system, the pure parallel system, and the pure feedback system.
Concepts, Theory, and Techniques DISTRIBUTED COMPUTER SYSTEM DESIGN: A MULTICRITERIA DECISION‐MAKING METHODOLOGY*
Authors: Jain Hemant K. , Dutta Amitava 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTThe design of distributed computer systems (DCSs) requires compromise among several conflicting objectives. For instance, high system availability conflicts with low cost which in turn conflicts with quick response time. This paper presents an approach, based on multi‐criteria decision‐making techniques, to arrive at a good design in this multiobjective environment. An interactive procedure is developed to support the decision making of system designers. Starting from an initial solution, the procedure presents a sequence of non‐dominated vectors to designers, allowing them to explore systematically alternative possibilities on the path to a final design. The model user has control over trade‐offs among different design objectives. This paper focuses on the details of the mathematical model used to provide decision support. Accordingly, a formulation of DCS design as a multicriteria decision problem is developed. The exchange search heuristic used to generate nondominated solutions also is presented. We argue that multicriteria models provide a more realistic formulation of the DCS design problem than the single‐criterion models used widely in the literature. While obtaining a clear definition of design objectives (single or multiple) is an important activity, by explicitly acknowledging the trade‐offs among multiple objectives in the design process, our methodology is more likely to produce a better overall design than methods addressing a single criterion in isolation.
ENVIRONMENTAL VOLATILITY, SYSTEM ADAPTATION, PLANNING REQUIREMENTS, AND INFORMATION‐PROCESSING STRATEGIES: AN INTEGRATIVE MODEL
Authors: Hartman Sandra J. , White Michael C. , Crino Michael D. 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTAs noted in the literature, comparatively little research has examined either descriptive or prescriptive modeling of the planning process. A major reason for this lack of research appears to be the difficulty of comparing and testing planning methods within and across actual organizations. The purpose of this paper is to present a prescriptive planning model based on information‐processing research and strategies. This model explicitly considers the linkages among the environment, the organization's adaptation to that environment, the type of planning, and information‐processing strategies.
Applications and Implementation A MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS ANALYSIS OF THE ARMS TRANSFER PROCESS*
Authors: Clark Thomas D. 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTThe decision and information structure of the arms transfer process from major powers (especially the United States) to third‐world countries is discussed. System behavior as a result of system structure, political forces, and economic factors is the focus of analysis. A system‐dynamics model of transfer structures is developed and discussed. Examples of policy alternatives in arms transfer are illustrated and discussed.
A PENSION DECISION MODEL FOR THE EMPLOYER*
Authors: Mielke David E. 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTRecently, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) reevaluated accounting for pension plans. The issue is emotional and highly political in nature. The FASB attempted to justify its approach on the basis of measuring economic activity, but it failed to provide much in the way of analytical support. This paper provides a managerial decision model and an economic basis for the existence of pension plans. A pension plan is described as a cost‐saving, risk‐sharing, incentive contract. The analysis is developed using agency theory.The model presented here meets three suggested objectives of an employer:1. Maximization of utility through the maximization of profit2. Ability to conform the risk characteristics of an employment contract to the risk characteristics of the employer3. Diversification of the risk inherent in the employment contractProfit is maximized by producing cost savings associated with employee tenure and loyalty. Sharing cost savings with employees (i.e., offering a pension plan) meets the above objectives. The employer determines the optimal sharing rate for the expected cost savings.An examination of the employer's underlying decision process reveals implications for pension plan accounting which generally are consistent with and support the FASB's Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 87 [5].
Notes and Communications RESOLVING CERTAIN DIFFICULTIES AND IMPROVING THE CLASSIFICATION POWER OF LP DISCRIMINANT ANALYSIS FORMULATIONS
Authors: Freed Ned , Glover Fred 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTIn certain settings, difficulties arise that limit the effectiveness of LP formulations for the discriminant problem. Explanations and possible remedies have been offered, but these have had only limited success. We provide a simple way to overcome these problems based on an appropriate use and interpretation of normalizations. In addition, we demonstrate a normalization that is invariant under all translations of the problem data, providing a stability property not shared by previous approaches. Finally, we discuss the possibility of using more general models to improve discrimination.
A COMPARISON OF UNIT, SUBJECTIVE, AND REGRESSION MEASURES OF SECOND‐LEVEL VALENCES IN EXPECTANCY THEORY
Authors: Stahl Michael J. , Grigsby David W. 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTTwo different decision‐making exercises are compared with unit weights and with traditional Likert scales as measures of second‐level valences in expectancy theory. Second‐level valences are measured across different levels of outcomes in each exercise and compared to the traditional subjective‐ and unit‐weight measures. In the first experiment, the job‐preference decisions of 21 undergraduates are examined using a decision‐making exercise involving 24 hypothetical jobs described in terms of three intrinsic instrumentalities at two levels. In the second experiment, a different 21 undergraduates make job‐preference decisions in a decision‐making exercise involving 27 hypothetical jobs described in terms of three extrinsic instrumentalities at three levels. The β‐weight (standardized regression coefficient) measures of the second‐level valences are found to be more powerful predictors of job‐preference decisions than either subjective‐weight or unit‐weight measures, both before and after shrinkage. They also had higher cross validations, exhibited higher test‐retest reliability, and allowed testing of a quadratic motivational effect in the three‐level exercise.
AN ECONOMIC MODELING APPROACH FOR THE DETERMINATION OF MATERIALITY IN AUDITING
Authors: Crosby Michael , Plante Robert , Tang Kwei 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTThe concept of materiality pervades the audit process. Typically, materiality is determined as a percentage of the total book value of an account or as a percentage of net income. We propose an economically based model that determines that materiality level which minimizes the economic consequences of the audit decision. The proposed model is examined for materiality sensitivity to prior information concerning the quality of the accounting process and to costs incurred as a consequence of the audit decision.
THE TAX LITIGATION DECISION: AN ANALYSIS OF THE SMALL CLAIMS DIVISION OF THE U.S. TAX COURT*
Authors: Curatola Anthony P. , Fields Kent T. , Ringuest Jeffrey L. , Samson William D. 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTOne of the more difficult but intriguing problems in the tax field is the decision of when (and how) to settle tax disputes with the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) and when (and how) to litigate. Research in this area of decision making is limited and has concentrated on the probability of winning in the judicial system. This paper examines the tax litigation decision for suits in the Small Claims Division of the U.S. Tax Court. Four examples are presented which involve varying degrees of information regarding the likelihood of a settlement and differing risk attitudes. The maximum amount the taxpayer should be willing to spend in pursuing litigation is derived for each case.
THE INTERACTION BETWEEN THE RELATIVE ACCURACY OF PROBABILISTIC VS. DETERMINISTIC PREDICTIONS AND THE LEVEL OF PREDICTION‐TASK DIFFICULTY*
Authors: Eckel Norm 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTAn experimental paradigm was constructed to assess the impact of prediction‐task difficulty on the relative accuracy of probabilistic versus deterministic predictions. The results strongly support the hypothesis that the accuracy of probabilistic versus deterministic predictions is related to the level of difficulty inherent in the prediction task. At low levels of prediction‐task difficulty, deterministic predictions were mort accurate than probabilistic predictions; the converse was true at high levels of difficulty.
PROCEDURES FOR DETERMINING RELATIVE FREQUENCIES OF PRODUCTION/ORDER IN MULTISTAGE ASSEMBLY SYSTEMS*
Authors: Moily Jaya P. , Matthews John P. 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTWe show that the problems of determination lot sizes in a multistage assembly system for the case of instantaneous production and constant demand for the end item can be reduced to the problems of determining relative frequenceis of production/order for items at each production stage. We further show that such frequencies are independent of the demand levels. Optimal and near‐optimal solution procedures for this reduced problem are provided. The near‐optimal procedure successively treats each stage of production as a final production stage while simulatenously incorporating decisions made at lower stages into decisions made at higher stages. Experimental results show that the near‐optimal procedure results in optimal solutions 75 percent of the time and performs considerably better than representative heuristics available in the literature. Further, its performance is relatively less susceptible to product/structural characteristics of the system.
A PREFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF PARAMETRIC AND NONPARAMETRIC DISCRIMINANT APPROACHES TO BUSINESS DECISION MAKING
Authors: Mahmood Mo. A. , Lawrence Edwared C. 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTThis paper empirically investigation the performance of four relatively new nonparametric techniques against four different parameteric versions of discriminant analysis. The models were constructed and analyzed using financial data drawn from 232 bankrupt and nonbankrupt companies. Generally, the nonparametric approaches, with the exception of linear programming, performed as well as or better than the more traditional discriminant analysis.
RATIONING DISCRETIONARY ECONOMIC RESOURCES: A MULTIOBJECTIVE APPROACH
Authors: Nunamaker Thomas R. , Truitt Jack F. 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTPrior research involving capital rationing has focused on capital budgeting issues: given a limited resource pool, which major long‐lived fixed assets should be acquired? However, capital rationing can be extended to include not only new fixed‐asset purchases but also expenditures for any other discretionary activity such as advertising, research and development, or maintenance. In this broader situation, measuring the contributions of certain discretionary activities to a single objective (e.g., maximize profits) or to multiple objectives often is hindered by a lack of reliable revenue estimates. This problem severely hampers the usefulness of traditional mathematical programming approaches to capital rationing. In this paper, we modify the usual multiobjective capital rationing procedures by treating each discretionary activity as an objective in itself. In this manner, we can mitigate the difficulties associated with revenue measurement problems and allow a decision maker systematically to explore the various trade‐offs between competing discretionary investments.
PARTICIPATION IN BUDGETARY DECISION MAKING, TASK DIFFICULTY, LOCUS OF CONTROL, AND EMPLOYEE BEHAVIOR: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY*
Authors: Mia Lokman 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTThis study investigates the relationship between participation in budgetary decision making and attitude (toward job and employer), taking into account the effects of task difficulty and locus of control on participation and attitude. Managers from two companies participated in the study. Attitude was found to be related positively to participation and negatively to task difficulty. Implications of the results are discusses.
A DISCRETE PRODUCTION SWITCHING RULE FOR AGGREGATE PLANNING
Authors: Oliff Michael D. , Leong G. Keong 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTAggregate planning (AP) is a necessary activity for manufacturing and services alike. A shift toward high‐volume batch and continuous flow processes within American manufacturing has given rise to increasing numbers of crew‐loaded facilities. A majority of AP approaches incorporate continuous decision variables and require frequent adjustments to both production and work‐force settings. Despite the availability and diversity of these approaches, few significant applications have been reported. This paper presents the detailed development of a discrete AP switching rule that can be applied to a variety of cost environments. Inventory costs are estimated using an interval approach rather than traditional point estimates. The model allows incorporation of overtime options and is interactive in nature. Decision variables from the model can be disaggregated and linked directly to lower‐level planning activities. Actual results of model implementation are reported. An overview of the model's incorporation into the larger context of hierarchical production planning is found in [21].
MATHEMATICAL FORMULATION OF THE TASK SEGREGATION PROBLEM IN INTERNAL CONTROL SYSTEM DESIGN*
Authors: Srinidhi Bin N. 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTSegregation of tasks is an important factor in the determination of internal control system reliability. In assigning tasks within an organization, the impact on internal control system reliability must be considered. This paper uses reliability modeling as the basis of a method for formulating the design problem. Formulation of the problem in this manner facilitates development of a knowledge base for auditors' judgments and the use of such knowledge in the design problem. It is demonstrated that under certain conditions the problem can be solved easily. This is useful not only in task assignment but also in manpower decisions. New concepts such as reliability degradation and a task combination matrix are introduced in developing the formulation.
AFFECTIVE RESPONSES WITHIN A COMPLEX DECISION‐MAKING TASK: THE INFLUENCE OF “PERCEPTUALLY” ILL‐STRUCTURED PROBLEMS
Authors: III Taylor Lewis A. 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTThe perceptual effects of varying levels of expert advice for potentially improving on strategic decisions were examined in conjunction with goals. The amounts of advice about decision alternatives, as well as assigned goals ranging from “nearly impossible” to “easy,” were manipulated. The task used was complex and functioned perceptually as an “ill‐structured” problem. Mixed results indicated that more advice significantly affected satisfaction but advice in general had little influence on effort. On the other hand, as goal difficulty decreased, satisfaction and effort significantly increased. Easy goals were superior to more difficult ones within this perceptually ill‐structured decision‐making situation.