bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electron spin resonance on carbon nanotubes–polymer composites
Authors: Chipara Mircea , Zaleski Jeffrey M. , Hui David , Du Chunsheng , Pan Ning 
Published: October 2005

AbstractElectron spin resonance investigations on styrene–polyisoprene–polystyrene block copolymer loaded with various amounts of multiwalled carbon nanotubes are reported. The temperature dependence of resonance line parameters in the range 290–425 K was analyzed. It was proved that the main resonance line represents a bottleneck of localized and delocalized electrons residing on carbon nanotubes. The temperature dependence of the g‐factor and double integral of resonance spectra confirmed this interpretation. The temperature dependence of the resonance linewidth of composites containing various concentrations of nanotubes was explained by the thermally activated narrowing of the resonance spectra. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 43: 3406–3412, 2005
National account measures and sustainability objectives: present approaches and future prospects
Authors: Clarke Matthew , Islam Sardar M. N. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractA dominant objective within the public policies of all SE Asian countries has been the achievement of economic growth. The issue of sustainability has serious implications for this policy objective. Pursuit of economic growth is concerned solely with the present, whilst sustainability is concerned with ensuring the current generation meets its present needs without threatening future generations' ability to do likewise. National accounts, such as gross domestic product, can measure healthy economies, but they can not measure sustainability. This paper, however, sets out a conceptual approach that describes the misalignment of national accounting measures with sustainability objectives and provides empirical evidence of how this misalignment can bepartiallyovercome. An empirical approach is developed whereby certain adjustments to national accounts, based on normative social choice theory, are introduced to indicate how a partial measure of sustainability can be determined using national accounting aggregates as a base. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Long‐term Follow‐up Outcome of Patients Undergoing Radiofrequency Ablation for Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Machi Junji , Bueno Racquel S. , Wong Linda L. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThe long‐term outcome of radiofrequency thermal ablation (RFA) for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has not been reported. This study was performed to evaluate the long‐term survival of patients with unresectable HCC after RFA and to identify possible factors that might affect survival. In this prospective study, 65 patients with unresectable HCC who underwent RFA were followed. A total of 84 RFA operations were performed percutaneously (n = 49), laparoscopically (n = 20), or by open surgery (n = 15), to ablate 191 tumors. Twenty‐two patients died within 16 months; otherwise, the follow‐up period was at least 16 months, up to 71 months, with median 20.0 months and mean (± standard deviation) 24.8 ± 18.4 months for all patients. Local tumor recurrence developed in 12 of 191 tumors (6.3%) in 11 of 84 operations (13.1%), or 11 of 65 patients (16.9%). New liver and/or extrahepatic recurrence developed in 48 operations (57.1%). The overall median, mean, and 5‐year survivals were 40.0 months, 33.7 ± 2.9 months, and 39.9%. The disease‐free survivals were 16.0 month, 32.9 ± 3.0 months, and 27.9%. Factors that had a significant effect on survival outcome after RFA were TNM cancer stage and the operative approach method employed for RFA. Age, gender, race, etiology, alpha‐fetoprotein, previous or subsequent treatment, and liver function (Child‐Pugh class) did not affect survival. For patients with unresectable HCC, RFA is an effective and repeatable local treatment that can afford long‐term survival, although often with disease recurrence.
Prospective Randomized Trial Comparing Billroth I and Roux‐en‐Y Procedures after Distal Gastrectomy for Gastric Carcinoma
Authors: Ishikawa Makoto , Kitayama Joji , Kaizaki Shoichi , Nakayama Hiroshi , Ishigami Hironori , Fujii Shin , Suzuki Hiroyuki , Inoue Tomomi , Sako Akihiro , Asakage Masahiro , Yamashita Hiroharu , Hatono Kenji , Nagawa Hirokazu 
Published: October 2005

AbstractTo determine the clinical efficacy of Roux‐en‐Y reconstruction (RY) after distal gastrectomy, we compared postoperative outcomes of patients who underwent RY or conventional Billroth I reconstruction (B‐I). A total of 50 patients were prospectively randomized to either B‐I or RY reconstruction, and complications, postoperative course, and nutritional status were compared. Bile reflux and inflammation in the remnant stomach and lower esophagus were evaluated by postoperative follow‐up endoscopy at 6 months. Operative time and blood loss as well as postoperative nutrition did not show significant differences between the two groups. As anticipated, 5 of 24 patients with RY reconstruction developed gastrojejunal stasis in the early postoperative period, which led to a longer postoperative hospital stay as compared with the B‐I group (mean ± S.D; B‐I; 19.0 ± 6.2, RY; 31.8 ± 21.7 days) (P < 0.05). Endoscopic examination revealed that the frequency of bile reflux (P < 0.01) and degree of inflammation in the remnant stomach (P < 0.05) were less in the RY group than in the B‐I group. However, inflammatory findings in the lower esophagus were observed in 7 (27%) of B‐I, and 8 (35%) of the RY group, suggesting that late phase esophagitis was not improved in the RY group. Roux‐en‐Y reconstruction was effective in preventing duodenogastric reflux and resulting gastritis, but it did not prevent esophagitis. Because RY reconstruction induces the frequent complication of Roux‐en‐Y stasis, causing longer postoperative hospital stay, this method has limited advantages over B‐I anastomosis after distal gastrectomy.
Some effects of ultraviolet radiation and climate on the reproduction of Calanus finmarchicus (Copepoda) and year class formation in Arcto-Norwegian cod (Gadus morhua)
Authors: Skreslet Stig , Borja Angel , Bugliaro Luca , Hansen Georg , Meerkötter Ralf , Olsen Ketil , Verdebout Jean 
Published: October 2005

AbstractZooplankton sampling in 1997 identified the frontal zone of the Norwegian Coastal Current as a reproduction habitat for Calanus finmarchicus in June–August. This area is subject to considerable ultraviolet radiation (UVR), as calculated from satellite observations of ozone and cloudiness. While in situ experiments indicated UVR-induced mortality in reproducing C. finmarchicus, monthly UVR doses during the actual reproduction period did not appear to affect the abundance of the resulting generation of adolescent copepodites (CIV-V) that accumulated in a fjord habitat during October 1983–2000. Local UVR in the spawning grounds of Arcto-Norwegian cod at the Lofoten Islands in March–May was positively correlated with the stock's 0-group index, which resulted in the rejection of the hypothesis that local UVR leads to high mortality of cod eggs or reduces the abundance of prey for cod larvae. Rather, the result suggests an indirect positive effect of UVR on the survival of cod eggs and larvae, possibly by controlling harmful microbes.
The relationship between plankton, capelin, and cod under different temperature conditions
Authors: Orlova E.L. , Boitsov V.D. , Dolgov A.V. , Rudneva G.B. , Nesterova V.N. 
Published: October 2005

Abstract
On the basis of data from cold (1982 and 1987) and warm summers (1983, 1984, 1990, and 1992), we explore the relationship between the phytoplankton bloom and the timing and intensity of the zooplankton bloom. In warm years, there is more overlap in the time between the zooplankton and the phytoplankton bloom. In northern areas (76–78°N) with seasonal ice, the phytoplankton bloom and reproductive processes in Calanus finmarchicus and Calanus glacialis continue well into August, evidenced by the presence of an abundance of nauplii and younger copepodites. We analyse feeding intensity of capelin and its distribution relative to food availability and capelin abundance. The extent to which feeding areas of cod and capelin, its major prey, overlap is subject to the abundance of these species, distribution of zooplankton, and sea temperature in a given year.
Managing fish stocks under climate uncertainty
Authors: Rothschild Brian J. , Chen Changsheng , Lough R. Greg 
Published: October 2005

Abstract
The quantitative evaluation of the management of fish stocks under uncertainty requires a formal framework. Decision theory provides that framework. Application of decision theory to fishery management requires information about both the fish stock and the state of the environment. Using Georges Bank haddock as a case study, it is possible to determine the probability of good or poor recruitment using past data and a constant environment. Understanding the state of the environment is more difficult, however, because fixed levels of recruitment, in particular, are associated with different population characteristics, which drastically reduce the sample size for any particular recruitment–environment scenario. Decision theory challenges us to improve our capability of predicting the state of nature, and it appears that this can be accomplished best by reducing the length of the causal chain, a goal now made feasible by the availability of high-resolution, high-frequency ocean models.
I. Hypogastric artery ligation for intractable pelvic hemorrhage
Authors: Papp Z. , Tóth‐Pál E. , Papp C. , Sziller I. , Gávai M. , Silhavy M. , Hupuczi P. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the outcomes of bilateral hypogastric (internal iliac) ligation performed to control intractable pelvic hemorrhage and avoid hysterectomy.MethodsA review of indications and outcomes for 117 cases of bilateral hypogastric artery ligation over 15 years (1990–2004).ResultsApart from a slight lesion to the hypogastric vein, no complications were observed. Hemorrhage was effectively controlled in all 37 obstetric cases. In 13 of these cases, the uterus was preserved even when there was cervical pregnancy, placenta previa, placental abruption, uterine atony, and uterine rupture, and 4 women were delivered of mature infants. Hemorrhage was effectively controlled in 41 of 80 gynecologic cases. Prophylactic reduction of pelvic blood flow was the indication for the procedure in 39 cases, 5 of whom involving Jehovah's Witnesses adverse to blood transfusion. The uterus was preserved in only a few of the 41 controlled cases, but one woman (so far) was delivered of a mature infant.ConclusionHypogastric artery ligation was found to be indicated if (1) life‐threatening pelvic hemorrhage could not be controlled by conservative methods; (2) prophylactic reduction of pelvic blood flow was needed to prevent anticipated hemorrhage; and (3) preservation of reproductive function was desired. The procedure was found to be safe and usually effective and should be taught during obstetric and gynecologic training.
Effect of coffee intake on blood flow and maternal stress during the third trimester of pregnancy
Authors: Tsubouchi H. , Shimoya K. , Hayashi S. , Toda M. , Morimoto K. , Murata Y. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractObjective: To investigate the effects of maternal ingestion of an ordinary dose of coffee on maternal stress and placental and fetal blood circulation during the third trimester of pregnancy. Methods: We performed a Doppler blood flow analysis for 10 women in the third trimester of pregnancy before and after they drank a cup of coffee. Salivary samples were collected from the 10 pregnant women and 14 nonpregnant controls just before coffee intake and 30 min later. Salivary cortisol levels and chromogranin A titers were determined. Results: Coffee intake had no effect on maternal or fetal blood flow. Among the pregnant women, Salivary cortisol levels were significantly reduced after coffee intake but salivary chromogranin A concentration was not significantly different before and after coffee intake. Conclusion: The reduced salivary cortisol levels suggest that coffee intake decreases maternal stress during pregnancy.
Safety of vaginal birth after cesarean delivery
Authors: Ghaffari Z. , Bener A. , Ahmed B. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the outcomes of labor induction in women with a history of 1 cesarean section (CS) who undergo trial of labor.MethodsA prospective observational study of 702 pregnant women who had 1 previous CS was conducted at Women's Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar, between April 2003 and April 2004. Those with no history of vaginal delivery were assigned to one group and those with a history of vaginal delivery were assigned to another group, and the latter group was then divided into 2 subgroups according to the results of trial of labor.ResultsOf these 702 women with a history of 1 CS, 62.4% also had a history of vaginal delivery. After trial of labor, vaginal delivery occurred more often among women with no history of vaginal delivery (64.8%). Moreover, trial of labor resulted in a vaginal delivery more often in women who were delivered only once and by CS (87.7%) than in women who also had a history of vaginal delivery (79.2%).ConclusionThese findings indicate that women who have had a CS should strongly consider natural delivery for subsequent pregnancies.
Posturographic Evidence of Nonorganic Sway Patterns in Normal Subjects, Patients, and Suspected Malingerers
Authors: Goebel Joel A. , Sataloff Robert T. , Hanson Jason M. , Nashner Lewis M. , Hirshout Debra S. , Sokolow Caren C. 
Published: October 2005

During the last 10 years, computerized dynamic posturography has yielded various patterns of sway on the sensory organization test and the motor control test that have been associated with a variety of organic balance disorders. Some aspects of performance during computerized dynamic posturography, however, are under conscious control. Voluntary movements not indicative of physiologic response to balance system stimulation can also affect computerized dynamic posturography results. Quantification of nonorganic or “aphysiologic” response patterns in normal subjects, patients, and suspected malingerers is crucial to justify use of computerized dynamic posturography for identification of physiologically inconsistent results. For this purpose the computerized dynamic posturography records of 122 normal subjects, 347 patients with known or suspected balance disorders, and 72 subjects instructed to feign a balance disturbance were critically evaluated by use of seven measurement criteria, which were postulated as indicating aphysiologic sway. Each criterion was scored with a standard calculation of the raw data in a random, blinded fashion. The results of this multicenter study show that three of the seven criteria are significantly different in the suspected “malingerer” group when compared with either the normal or patient group. The relative strength of each criterion in discerning organic from nonorganic sway provides the examiner with a measure of reliability during platform posture testing. This study demonstrates that computerized dynamic posturography can accurately identify and document nonorganic sway patterns during routine assessment of posture control.
Hemifacial Spasm: Endoscopic Vascular Decompression
Authors: Magnan J. , Caces F. , Locatelli P. , Chays A. 
Published: October 2005

Sixty patients with primitive hemifacial spasm were treated by means of a minimally invasive retrosigmoid approach in which endoscopic and microsurgical procedures were combined. Intraoperative endoscopic examination of the cerebellopontine angle showed that for 56 of the patients vessel‐nerve conflict was the cause of hemifacial spasm. The most common offending vessel was the posterior inferior cerebellar artery (39 patients), next was the vertebral artery (23 patients), and last was the anterior inferior cerebellar artery (16 patients). Nineteen of the patients had multiple offending vascular loops. In one patient, another cause of hemifacial spasm was an epidermoid tumor of the cerebellopontine angle. For three patients, it was not possible to determine the exact cause of the facial disorder. Follow‐up information was reviewed for 54 of 60 patients; the mean follow‐up period was 14 months. Fifty of the patients were in the vessel‐nerve conflict group. Forty of the 50 were free of symptoms, and four had marked improvement. The overall success rate was 88%, and there was minimal morbidity (no facial palsy, two cases of severe hearing loss).
A Comparison of the Nasal Cross‐Sectional Areas and Volumes Obtained with Acoustic Rhinometry and Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Corey Jacquelynne P. , Gungor Anil , Nelson Robert , Fredberg Jeff , Lai Vincent 
Published: October 2005

Acoustic rhinometry (AR) evaluates the geometry of the nasal cavity with acoustic reflections and provides information about nasal cross‐sectional areas (CSA) and nasal volume within a given distance. The accuracy of the information obtained by AR was compared with that of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the nasal cavity. Five healthy subjects were evaluated with AR and the MRI before and after the application of a long‐acting nasal decongestant spray, to eliminate possible interference of the nasal cycle with both measurement techniques. The MRI images of 2 mm coronal sections of the nasal cavity were traced by three independent observers and the CSAs were calculated by computer‐aided imaging digitization, to be compared with the calculated CSAs obtained with the AR at the corresponding distance from the nasal tip. Digitized data from the MRI images were also used to calculate the nasal volume within the first 6 cm from the nasal tip and compared with the AR volume measurements. The interobserver variation of digitized MRI data predecongestant and postdecongestant was not significant. The correlations of CSA and volume measurements between the AR and MRI were high (0.969) after the application of the decongestant. The correlation between the AR and MRI measurements before the decongestant was low (0.345). This may have been the result of interference of the nasal cycle during the long MRI measurements (1 hour) or other unknown factors. We conclude that AR measurements of nasal CSAs and volumes provide accurate information when compared with the MRI of the decongested nasal airway.
Effects of Topical Otic Preparations on Hearing in Chronic Otitis Media
Authors: Özagar Altĝ , Koç Ahmet , Çiprut Ayça , Tutkun Alper , Akdaş Ferda , Šehitoĝlu Mehmet Ali 
Published: October 2005

Most of the topical otic preparations have been shown to cause ototoxicity. In this study ciprofloxacin hydrochloride, a relatively new topical agent, and gentamicin sulfate were studied in two groups of 20 patients with chronic otitis media. Patients were randomly selected to receive either ciprofloxacin (200 μg/ml) or gentamicin sulfate (5 mg/ml) locally, five drops three times a day for 10 days. Clinical response was seen in 20 of 20 patients in the ciprofloxacin group compared with 6 of 20 patients in the gentamicin group. Audiometric evaluation revealed no significant ototoxic effect in either group. In fact, hearing thresholds were slightly better than pretreatment levels in both groups.
Vagus Nerve Imaging with Ultrasound: Anatomic and in Vivo Validation
Authors: Knappertz Volker A. , Tegeler Charles H. , Hardin Sharon J. , McKinney William M. 
Published: October 2005

To provide the anatomic basis and demonstrate the reproducibility of ultrasound studies for the identification of the vagus nerve within its course in the carotid sheath in the neck, cadaveric and in vivo imaging studies were conducted. On transverse B‐mode images of the neck, there is a centrally hypoechoic and peripherally hyperechoic structure between the common carotid artery and the jugular vein inside the carotid sheath. This structure was also identified in a fresh, nonpreserved cadaver and was marked with a hypodermic needle by means of a transdermal approach. Neck dissection was performed leaving the carotid sheath intact. B‐mode imaging yielded detailed anatomic information about the structures in the carotid sheath. Further dissection showed the vagus nerve as the target of the needle. One hundred consecutive transverse carotid scans were reviewed, and the characteristic echo patterns of the vagus nerve were identified in 97 instances. A distinct and reproducible, round, hypoechoic structure was defined adjacent to the common carotid artery and jugular vein as the vagus nerve. On the basis of this study, a new, noninvasive, and highly reproducible method to locate the vagus nerve in the carotid sheath is introduced. This may lead to further clinical application such as presurgical localization or ultrasound‐guided needle studies. Stimulation of the vagus nerve has been proposed for seizure therapy. The diagnosis of vagus nerve tumors may be improved.
Relationship between Progression of Disease and Immunoglobulin A‐anti‐Fab‐/F(ab')2 Autoantibodies in Patients with Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Lorenz K. J. , Susal C. , Opelz G. , Maier H. 
Published: October 2005

Patients with malignant tumors of the head and neck often have immune defects. Higher serum immunoglobulin (Ig)A levels were reported in this group of patients. We investigated whether IgA‐anti‐Fab‐ or IgA‐anti‐F(ab')2 autoantibodies, which have been shown to correlate with severe dysfunction of the immune system, also appear in patients with head and neck cancer. Sera of 110 patients with squamous cell carcinoma (SCCHN), eight patients with adenoid cystic carcinoma, and 57 healthy control subjects were tested by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay for IgA‐anti‐Fab autoantibody activity. Patients with head and neck cancer showed a higher IgA‐anti‐Fab activity (optical density (OD) = 399; n = 118) than did healthy control subjects (OD = 84; n = 57; p < 0.0001). An association between stage of disease and IgA‐anti‐Fab activity could be established in patients with SCCHN. Patients with stage IV disease had a significantly higher IgA‐anti‐Fab activity (OD = 538; n = 51) than had patients with stage I disease (OD = 283; n = 18; p < 0.05). Patients with stage II (OD = 293; n = 13) or stage III (OD = 379; n = 28) disease had intermediate activity. Also a higher IgA‐anti‐Fab activity than in healthy control subjects could be shown in the eight patients with adenoid cystic carcinoma (OD = 314; n = 8; p < 0.01). The highest IgA‐anti‐Fab activity was observed in eight patients with SCCHN who died within 6 months after testing (OD = 1004; n = 8), suggesting an association between autoimmunity and final desintegration of physiologic body functions. The occurrence of IgA‐anti‐Fab/IgA‐anti‐F(ab')2 autoantibodies might be interpreted as an aspect of immune deficiency in patients with malignant tumors of the head and neck.
Composition and changes of yolk proteins from silkwormBombyx moriduring embryonic development stages
Authors: Xin-Pei Yan , Bo-Xiong Zhong , Meng-Kui Xu , Guo-Hua Yao , Qi-Long Chen , Xiao-Fen Tong 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThe yolk proteins of the silkworm,Bombyx mori, are important sources of nutrition and energy during embryo development. By analysing the yolk proteins from silkworm eggs, the composition and the metabolism of yolk proteins during embryo development stages can be studied at the proteome level. Yolk proteins were obtained from unfertilized eggs and eggs at different embryo development stages by dissection and then separated and analysed by two-dimensional electrophoresis and its corresponding image analysis system. It was discovered that over 200 proteins exist in mature silkworm eggs. Some specific spots of yolk proteins were found in different silkworm strains, while few differences in yolk proteins appeared during different development stages in the same silkworm strain. This result indicates that the silkworm embryo does not utilize yolk proteins selectively by absorbing one or some special proteins, but by absorbing the yolk protein grains one by one during development.