bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An empirical investigation of emotion and the criminal law: towards a “criminalization bias”?
Authors: Coppelmans Jozef N. , Wagemans Fieke M. A. , van Dillen Lotte F. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis interdisciplinary study, coupling philosophy of law with empirical cognitive science, presents preliminary insight into the role of emotion in criminalization decisions, for both laypeople and legal professionals. While the traditional approach in criminalization theory emphasizes the role of deliberative and reasoned argumentation, this study hypothesizes that affective and emotional processes (i.e., disgust, as indexed by a dispositional proneness to experience disgust) are also associated with the decision to criminalize behavior, in particular virtual child pornography. To test this empirically, an online study (N = 1402) was conducted in which laypeople and legal professionals provided criminalization ratings on four vignettes adapted from criminal law, in which harmfulness and disgustingness were varied orthogonally. They also completed the 25-item Disgust Scale-Revised (DS-R-NL). In line with the hypothesis, (a) the virtual child pornography vignette (characterized as low in harm, high in disgust) was criminalized more readily than the financial harm vignette (high in harm, low in disgust), and (b) disgust sensitivity was associated with the decision to criminalize behavior, especially virtual child pornography, among both lay participants and legal professionals. These findings suggest that emotion can be relevant in shaping criminalization decisions. Exploring this theoretically, the results could serve as a stepping stone towards a new perspective on criminalization, including a “criminalization bias”. Study limitations and implications for legal theory and policymaking are discussed.
Investigation of multidimensional poverty in Pakistan at the national, regional, and provincial level
Authors: Haq Wajiha , Azam Mir , Babar Zaki , Amir Saad , Said Fareyha 
Published: April 2024

AbstractTo achieve the sustainable development goal of “no poverty”, many attempts have been made to measure poverty so that policy intervention can target the right people with the correct intensity. Since the traditional method of a unidimensional approach using monetary indicators, such as income and consumption, is now considered insufficient, a multidimensional approach has been employed using non-monetary indicators. The latter approach encompasses the different poverty aspects affecting an individual’s capabilities and functioning. This study aimed to calculate multidimensional poverty in Pakistan using the Alkire & Foster method and Pakistan Social and Living Standards Measurement (PSLM) published by the Pakistan Bureau of Statistics data for 2018–19. To further complete the research, a binary logistic regression has been run to measure the effects of a deviation in income status on multidimensional poverty to see the impact of monetary income on non-monetary measures. Results show that the national global Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) is 0.24, meaning that multidimensionally poor people in Pakistan experience 24% of the total deprivations. The most deprived dimension of the three is education (44.7%), which needs special attention. Furthermore, if a household’s total annual income increases and becomes more significant than the mean income of the sample, the household’s probability of being multidimensionally poor will decrease. This implies that with the increase in average national income, the national poverty will reduce not only in absolute terms but also multidimensionally. This study’s findings have several implications for policymakers, and the results of the MPI should align the allocation of public sector resources calculated to give a geographical and sectoral image of the poverty situation, which will guide policy designs and allocation of budget and resources.
Observation of amplitude squeezing in a constant-current-driven distributed feedback quantum dot laser with optical feedback
Authors: Ding Shihao , Zhao Shiyuan , Huang Heming , Grillot Frédéric 
Published: April 2024

We illustrate the generation of single-mode amplitude squeezing in a distributed feedback quantum dot laser driven by a constant-current pump. Achieving broadband amplitude squeezing of 1.7 dB over a 10 GHz range at room temperature is realized by suppressing carrier noise and implementing optical feedback. The noise-corrected squeezing level reached 5.1 dB. Furthermore, the examination of the zero-delay second-order correlation function demonstrates the robust feedback stability of the amplitude-squeezed state in the quantum dot laser compared to a reference quantum well laser. This investigation lays the groundwork for future advancements in integrated optical quantum chips.
On-device edge-learning for cardiac abnormality detection using a bio-inspired and spiking shallow network
Authors: Huang Zhaojing , Leung Wing Hang , Yu Leping , Herbozo Contreras Luis Fernando , Zhang Ziyao , Truong Nhan Duy , Nikpour Armin , Kavehei Omid 
Published: April 2024

This work introduces on-device edge learning for cardiac abnormality detection by merging spiking 2D Convolutional Long-Short-Term Memory (ConvLSTM2D) with a bio-inspired shallow neural network, referred to as Closed-form Continuous-time (CfC), to form the sCCfC model. The model achieves an F1 score and AUROC of 0.82 and 0.91 in cardiac abnormalities detection. These results are comparable to the non-spiking ConvLSTM2D–CfC (ConvCfC) model [Huang et al., J. Cardiovasc. Transl. Res. (published online, 2024)]. Notably, the sCCfC model demonstrates a significantly higher energy efficiency with an estimated power consumption of 4.68 μJ/Inf (per inference) on an emulated Loihi’s neuromorphic chip architecture, in contrast to ConvCfC model’s consumption of 450 μJ/Inf on a conventional processor. In addition, as a proof-of-concept, we deployed the sCCfC model on the conventional and relatively resource-constrained Radxa Zero, which is equipped with an Amlogic S905Y2 processor for on-device training, which resulted in performance improvements. After initial training of two epochs on a conventional Graphics Processing Unit, the F1 score and AUROC improved from 0.46 and 0.65 to 0.56 and 0.73, respectively, with five additional epochs of on-device training. Furthermore, when presented with a new dataset, the sCCfC model showcases strong out-of-sample generalization capabilities that can constitute a pseudo-perspective test, achieving an F1 score and AUROC of 0.71 and 0.86, respectively. The spiking sCCfC also outperforms the non-spiking ConvCfC model in robustness regarding effectively handling missing electrocardiogram (ECG) channels during inference. The model’s efficacy extends to single-lead ECG analysis, demonstrating reasonable accuracy in this context, while the focus of our work has been on the computational and memory complexities of the model.
Effect of copper addition on mechanical properties and microstructures of LM25 cast alloys
Authors: Surani Kapil , Galindo Miguel Villagómez , Patel Hiteshkumar , Velkin Vladimir Ivanovich , Haque Siddiqui Md Irfanul , Kumar Abhinav , Giri Jayant , Ashraf Intesaaf , Shah Mohd Asif 
Published: April 2024

The use of aluminum alloys in automobiles is expanding, and the potential for additional increases is significant. Further growth will be determined by improvements in material qualities for existing applications or the discovery of new applications. Alloy A-356 (LM25) is commonly employed for high-quality alloy wheel rims in various motor vehicles, constituting 40% of global car usage. This study introduces 0.2% Cu into the Al–Si–Mg alloy system to enhance the mechanical properties. The alloy blend is cast into a metal mold, subjected to a 4-h cure at 540 °C, quenched with water, and precipitation hardened for 12 h at 1800 °C. Optical and scanning electron microscopes are utilized to analyze the alkali microstructure. The mechanical properties of alloyed and unalloyed castings, including hardness and tensile test results, are examined in untreated and heat-treated states. Fracture surfaces of tensile specimens are scrutinized. Intermetallic compounds formed during solidification are studied using scanning electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction analysis. The tensile strength under unalloyed (LM25) and alloyed (LM25 + 0.2 wt. % Cu) conditions before and after heat treatment [(72, 165.4 and 88.3, 237.1) and (78, 179.6 and 98, 252.9, respectively)] shows a significant increase.
Multichannel Doppler fiber-imager spectrometer for spatiotemporal characterization of high-intensity laser-driven plasmas
Authors: Zeraouli G. , Marconi M. , Sullivan B. , Wang S. , Anaraki S. Zahedpour , Hollinger R. , Shlyaptsev S. , Mariscal D. , Rocca J. J. 
Published: April 2024

We demonstrate a flexible multichannel fiber-based imaging Doppler spectrometer to characterize plasmas in high intensity (≥1 × 1018 W/cm2) laser-plasma experiments at high repetition rates. This instrument collects data from ×21 different plasma locations combining optical fibers and a single imaging spectrometer. This diagnostic maps the plasma velocity evolution as a function of time with sub-pico-second resolution. Experimental results showing 2D velocity measurements of plasma with 20 μm spatial resolution are presented. Intensities of the order of 1018 W/cm2 were used to generate a plasma, while a much less intense, frequency doubled (400 nm), probe beam (1011 W/cm2) was used to measure the Doppler shift from the plasma critical surface. The instrument can be scaled to a larger number of channels (e.g., 100) still using a single spectrometer.
Versatile Cu2ZnSnS4-based synaptic memristor for multi-field-regulated neuromorphic applications
Authors: Dong Xiaofei , Sun Hao , Li Siyuan , Zhang Xiang , Chen Jiangtao , Zhang Xuqiang , Zhao Yun , Li Yan 
Published: April 2024

Integrating both electrical and light-modulated multi-type neuromorphic functions in a single synaptic memristive device holds the most potential for realizing next-generation neuromorphic systems, but is still challenging yet achievable. Herein, a simple bi-terminal optoelectronic synaptic memristor is newly proposed based on kesterite Cu2ZnSnS4, exhibiting stable nonvolatile resistive switching with excellent spatial uniformity and unique optoelectronic synaptic behaviors. The device demonstrates not only low switching voltage (−0.39 ± 0.08 V), concentrated Set/Reset voltage distribution (&lt;0.08/0.15 V), and long retention time (&gt;104 s) but also continuously modulable conductance by both electric (different width/interval/amplitude) and light (470–808 nm with different intensity) stimulus. These advantages make the device good electrically and optically simulated synaptic functions, including excitatory and inhibitory, paired-pulsed facilitation, short-/long-term plasticity, spike-timing-dependent plasticity, and “memory-forgetting” behavior. Significantly, decimal arithmetic calculation (addition, subtraction, and commutative law) is realized based on the linear conductance regulation, and high precision pattern recognition (&gt;88%) is well achieved with an artificial neural network constructed by 5 × 5 × 4 memristor array. Predictably, such kesterite-based optoelectronic memristors can greatly open the possibility of realizing multi-functional neuromorphic systems.
Spherical warp-based bubble with non–trivial lapse function and its consequences on matter content
Authors: Abellán G , Bolívar N , Vasilev I 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In the present work, we study the consequences of including the lapse function as an additional degree of freedom for a general spherical warp-based geometry. By allowing a non-uniform lapse function to evolve, we find that it is possible to accommodate a fluid that includes heat flow. This broadens the range of fluid types that have been studied in these systems and is consistent with the spherical warp metric. Having added the lapse function, we solved the system of equations using an anisotropic fluid with heat flow. In this way, we can examine the different characteristics of the variables of the system. Next, we study the energy conditions and establish how these are modified by including heat flux for an appropriate generic observer in a locally flat spacetime. Finally, we explore all energy conditions using the numerical solutions and verify the regions where they are satisfied.
Dynamic transient response measurement method for parity-time-symmetric LC telemetry sensors
Authors: Zhang Chi , Li Jie , Wu Jianhui , Wang Haobin , Zhang Kaihang , Kuang Haoze , Chen Jinkai , Hao Jin , Dong Shurong , Fu Yongqing , Luo Jikui 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Parity-time symmetry concept has been utilized to develop high precision LC passive wireless sensors. However, they often use the traditional frequency sweeping method for measurements, thus the measurement precision and speed are strongly influenced by the performance of the frequency domain analysis instrument. To solve this issue, herein we proposed a time domain measurement method and extracted sensing information from the transient response signals of the reader. Its measurement speed was much faster than that using the frequency domain analysis instrument. A distance sensing system was developed to demonstrate the feasibility of the new method. It showed a resolution of less than 300 nm for detections of centimeter range, and the measurement time was as short as 100 μs, which was at least 1000 times faster than that using the traditional method. This technology can be explored as an innovative strategy for LC passive telemetry sensing.
Neural networks for turbulent transport prediction in a simplified model of tokamak plasmas
Authors: Pomârjanschi L M 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The method of using neural networks (NNs) for turbulent transport prediction in a simplified model of tokamak plasmas is explored. The NNs are trained on a database obtained via test-particle simulations of a transport model in the slab-geometrical approximation. It consists of a five-dimensional input of transport model parameters, and the radial diffusion coefficient as output. The NNs display fast and efficient convergence, a validation error below 2

%

, and predictions in excellent agreement with the real data, obtained orders of magnitude faster than test-particle simulations. In comparison to a spline interpolation, the NN outperforms, exhibiting better predicting and extrapolating capabilities. We demonstrate the preciseness and efficiency of this method as a proof-of-concept, establishing a promising approach for future, more comprehensive research on the use of NNs for transport predictions in tokamak plasmas.
A practical main frame for convex-deformable mobile devices
Authors: Kim Jeongil , Yu Changmin , Jeong Jaehyun , Jeong Yoon Chang , Kang Kiju 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn the existing mobile devices, such as iPads, the touchscreen & display assembly and the rear cover account for at least 60% of the total device weight. Therefore, device weight can be reduced significantly only by replacing these glass and metallic components with non-glass and polymeric equivalents. Recently, the authors’ research group demonstrated a monolithically polymeric sandwich plate that is convex-deformable, even with solid chips embedded in its cores. In this study, a new design of this sandwich plate is proposed to facilitate its use as a practical main frame of a mobile device. This design is validated by conducting finite element analyses and experiments involving three-dimensionally printed prototype of the proposed sandwich plate design. The plate is fabricated as two separate halves that are then assembled using snap-fits to form a single body. A flexible printed-circuit board with regularly arranged elliptical holes and many solid chips embedded on its upper and lower surfaces is accommodated within the core of the proposed plate. In addition, rib-like side covers and an overall latex coating are used to protect all four sides and the entire outer surface, respectively, without adversely affecting the overall convex deformation of the proposed plate design.
Compression and fretting wear studies of γ/α
2 duplex TiAl alloys at the nanoscale
Authors: Zheng Min , Han Jianfeng , Qu Dingfeng , Chen Weihua , Sun Yuhang , Chen Jie , Zhu Zongxiao 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The study investigated the nanofabrication behavior of TiAl alloys with a duplex structure of γ/α
2. The process included downward pressure followed by reciprocating friction with diamond grinding balls and was simulated using molecular dynamics (MD). It was found that a certain number of dislocations in the workpiece was low, and the resilience was high during the initial pressing stage. The dislocations increased, the resilience decreased, and the plastic deformation capacity was enhanced under continuous pressing. The α
2 phase did not deform significantly during the compression process. The presence of the α
2 phase increases the overall hardness of the material, and elastic-plastic deformation occurs mainly where the γ phase is present; the endowment layer dislocations generated during the intrinsic stacking fault rebound via the phase boundary to form V-shaped dislocations. During the reciprocating friction of the workpiece, forward friction produces V-shaped dislocations, and reverse friction makes the dislocations disappear. This process results in the forward average friction force being more significant than the reverse average. γ/α
2 phase boundary has an impeding effect on the downward proliferation of defects, and the phase boundary makes the temperature transfer appear discontinuous. During friction, the specific number of vacancy atoms in the γ-phase increases, and the transition between FCC and HCP occurs.
Genetic optimization of terahertz metamaterial absorber for improved absorption and quality factor
Authors: Sun Zhenci , Liang Chao , Zhao Xiaoguang , Zhao Jiahao 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Terahertz metamaterial absorbers are typically comprised of an array of sub-wavelength meta-atoms, a dielectric spacer layer and a ground plane. The absorption and quality factor are two of the most important performance metrics for various advanced applications, such as THz communication, sensing, and imaging. However, a large number of structural parameters in the meta-atom make the design approach based on physical intuition and parameter sweep impractical and difficult. In this paper, we report an intelligent design methodology based on the genetic algorithm that facilitates the optimization of an air-spaced terahertz metamaterial absorber to improve its absorption and quality factor. The presented approach starts by randomly generating the size parameters of the meta-atom, and it iteratively obtains the optimized design of the dual narrow band terahertz metamaterial perfect absorber. The quality factor for the two near unity-absorption peaks are 23.8 at 0.5 THz and 60.3 at 0.7 THz, respectively. The device was fabricated using the surface and bulk-micromachining processes, and the measured absorption spectra agrees well with the simulated results. Not limited to this proof-of-concept demonstration, this methodology can be applied to all metamaterial-based photonic systems achieving efficient forward optimization design.
Synthesis of a fluorescent probe for rhodamine B and determination of Zn2+ content in pharmaceutical zinc gluconate
Authors: Cao Pan , Ren Zhixin , Huang Siying , Zhang Yiying , Lv Yuguang 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The intermediate LBXJ was prepared by Rhodamine B, hydrazine hydrate and HCl, and then the probe Y2ST was prepared by LBXJ, chromone 3-formaldehyde and absolute ethanol. NMR characterized the structures of the intermediate and probe, IR and MS. Compared the fluorescence selectivity of ions after the system was determined and tested the response time, pH value, cation interference, reversibility, linearity, detection limit, accuracy, coordination ratio, and recovery rate of the samples. The detection limit of Y2ST was 0.7×10-6 mol/L, and the detection rate of Zn2+ in zinc gluconate was 96.1% at 5×10-6 mol/L--5×10-5 mol/L. It can be used for the content determination of Zn2+.
NV color center fluorescence signal measurement based on FPGA architecture
Authors: Zeng Seng , Yang Shuqiang , Shang Zhengguo , He Xianming 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Nitrogen-vacancy (NV) quantum defects in diamond are sensitive detectors of magnetic fields. Then, the existing sensing technologies based on diamond NV centers rely on bulky and expensive instruments, which must be replaced by a more compact design. Here we combine NV quantum sensing technology with integrated circuit technology to create a compact and easy-to-operate platform. Using the existing integrated circuit technology, we integrate the lock-in amplifier, microwave generator and TTL modulator together. with this platform, we can obtain a magnetic sensitivity of 5.72μT/Hz
1/2.
Self-calibration performance analysis of sheet micro-components based on droplet array
Authors: Yan Hu , Qin Zhang , Shen Jin 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The droplet array-based micro-component self-calibration method features simple operation, easy batch control implementation, and holds great promise in the field of micro-assembly. The paper investigates the self-calibration process, analyzes the factors influencing self-calibration performance, discusses self-calibration errors, self-calibration range, and their relationship with micro-component parameters, droplet array parameters, and fluid parameters, and proposes a construction method suitable for droplet arrays suitable for micro-components. The research results indicate that the self-calibration error and calibration range of micro-components are related to micro-component parameters, substrate array parameters, and droplet parameters. When the micro-component size is greater than or equal to the droplet array size, the self-calibration error is relatively small. Constructing an appropriate droplet array based on the size and shape of the micro-components can reduce self-calibration errors and meet the self-calibration accuracy requirements for micro-components of varying sizes and shapes.
Numerical simulation of the lubrication characteristics of bionic surface textures on mechanical sealing rings
Authors: Chen Hao , Yan Zhen , Dai Wan , Zheng Zhu , Bie YuFeng , Chen YunFei 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Inspired by the shark scale surface in natural world, five different bionic surface textures were designed. Through numerical simulation, the influence mechanism of the geometrical parameters on the lubrication characteristics of the bionic surface textures on the mechanical sealing rings under refrigerant conditions was investigated. The results revealed that the lubrication characteristics of the bionic surface textures is jointly influenced by the texture shape, arrangement, vortex phenomenon, and hydrodynamic pressure effect. The lubrication characteristics of all five bionic surfaces designed in this study was superior to those of the smooth surface. The effects of density and texture depth on the lubrication characteristics of the surface textures exhibits criticality. The results provide valuable insights into the effective design of bionic surface textures on mechanical seal rings, especially in improving their lubrication characteristics under refrigerant conditions. The effectiveness of numerical simulation techniques in evaluating and optimizing the performance of bionic texture design in various micro- and nanofabrication processes is further validated.