bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structural polypeptides of molluscum contagiosum virus: their variability in various isolates and location within the virion
Authors: Oda Hiroshi , Ohyama Yoshino , Sameshima Toshihisa , Hirakawa Kohsuke 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe structural polypeptides of molluscum contagiosum virus (MCV) obtained from the skin lesions of patients were examined by SDS‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. At least 40 polypeptides from purified virions were detected on SDS‐polyacrylamide gel by a highly sensitive silver stain. Two of thc structural polypeptides of the nine isolates were different in their migration rate in SDS‐polyacrylamide gel. Following controlled degradation of virions the two variable polypeptides were shown to be located in the surface or subsurface layers.
Enzyme‐Linked lmmunosorbent assay: A rapid reproducible test for the measurement of rabies antibody
Authors: Nicholson Karl G. , Prestage Howard 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAn enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed for detecting IgG antibodies to the Pitman Moore strain of rabies virus in sera from subjects immunised with HDCS vaccine. End‐point titres of antibody were determined using a pocket calculator preprogrammed to analyse absorbence values of test sera and negative controls. The assay was highly reproducible, and very close agreement was achieved when the results were compared with those of the mouse neutralization test. Rabies enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay is easy to perform, the results are obtained within 48 hours, and because it employs inactivated virus, the test can be used safely without special containment facilities.
Epidemiology of an outbreak in a maternity unit of infections with an antigenic variant of echovirus 11
Authors: Mertens Th. , Hager H. , Eggers H.J. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAfter an 8‐day‐old child had died with clinical signs of septicemia, 6 other newborns fell ill. Virus was isolated from various sites from all the 6 children (28 isolations). The agent was identified by cross neutralization tests as an antigenic variant of Echovirus 11. The agent could not be isolated from mothers or nursery staff (49 people). We therefore tried to trace the path of infection by isolating specific IgM and IgG antibodies. A laboratory infection by the agent isolated enabled the time pattern of the serologic immune response to be roughly determined. The data collected indicate that the infection spread through close contact between the affected newborns and nurses working in the newborn room. Rigorous hygienic and isolation measures, initiated immediately, appeared to interrupt the spread of infection.
Specificity of hepatitis b virus affinity for human hepatic tissue
Authors: Lutwick Larry I. , Brenda Hebert M. , Sklamberg Todd 
Published: March 2007

AbstractUsing radiolabeled purified hepatitis B surface anligen and human liver slices, the affinity of hepatitis B virus to its host organ was evaluated. Saturable adsorption of the l25I‐HBS Ag complex to liver was demonstrated over both time and complex concentration which could be blocked by excess unlabeled antigen. The specific binding was not found using hurnan pancreas, lung, or kidney tissue. Correspondingly, no specific binding could be found for murine liver but it could be deinonslrated with woodchuck liver. The woodchuck is a natural host for one of the newly described hepatitis B‐like viruses which is antigenically cross‐reactive with the B virus.
Appearance of complement components and immunoglobulins on nasopharyngeal epithelial cells following naturally acquired infection with respiratory syncytial virus
Authors: Kaul Tej. N. , Welliver Robert C. , Ogra Pearay L. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractNasopharyngeal epithelial cells (NPEC) were collected from 144 infants and children with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection, and were analyzed by fluorescent antibody techniques for the presence of cell‐bound complement (C/3), IgA, IgC, and IgM class of immunoglobulins (Ig), and respiratory syncytial virus antigen. Viral antigen was present on the surface of NPEC in 100% of samples obtained in the first 3 days of illness. The percentage of patients positive for RSV antigen declined steadily, so that no patient still expressed viral antigen on NPEC by 57 days after the onset of illness. Cell‐bound IgA, IgC, and IgM could be detected in most of the samples tested in the first 13 days after the onset of illness. Subsequently, the frequency of detection of cell‐bound Ig gradually declined. Only 8–3 3 % of patients tested 57 days after the onset of illness expressed IgA, IgG, or IgM on NPEC. About 45% of samples tested in the first 8 weeks after the onset of illness exhibited complement binding to NPEC. The percentage of subjects showing cell‐bound C/3 reached a maximum at 8–13 says after the onset of illness, while cell–bound C/3 could not be detected in any of the samples collected 57–90 days after the onset of illness. Although cell‐bound C/3 was generally present in association with cell‐bound Ig on NPEC, in a small percentage (4.6%) of patients cell‐bound C/3 could be detected in the absence of any cell–bound Ig. Cell‐bound C/3 and IgA, IgG, and IgM were present with equal frequency in patients with all forms of clinical disease caused by RSV, and in patients less than or greater than 6 months of age at the onset of illness.
Hepatitis‐B virus infection in black children with hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Kew M.C. , Hodkinson J. , Paterson A.C. , Song E. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe hepatitis B virus (HBV) status of six unselected South African Black children, aged 10 to 16 years, with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was investigated. The characteristics of the tumor were similar to those seen in Black adults. Hepatitis B surface antigen and antibody to the core antigen were present in the serum of all the children, and hepatitis Be antigen was detected in four of the children. The serum of the two patients without e antigen was positive for e antibody, and all sera were negative for hepatitis B surface antibody. Taken in conjunction with the HBV status of southern African Black adults with HCC, these findings raise the possibility that nearly all, if not all, Black patients with this tumor are or have been infected with HBV. Moreover, if HBV is oncogenic, tumor formation may occur within 10 years of the initial infection, which occurs in early childhood in southern African Blacks.
A one‐year virological survey of acute lntussusception in childhood
Authors: Nicolas J.C. , Ingrand D. , Fortier B. , Bricout F. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA prospective study was carried out during 1 year in order to correlate intussusceptions in childhood with a viral infection. A virus was incriminated in 50% of the 64 patients in this survey. Adenovirus infections remain predominant as compared to rotavirus infections.
The detection of hbv‐dna in serum by molecular hybridisation: A more sensitive method for the detection of complete hbv particles
Authors: Weller Ian V.D. , Fowler Martin J.F. , Monjardino Jon , Thomas Howard C. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractExisting methods for detecting complete virus particles in the serum of patients with chronic HBV infection are either insensitive or indirect. A method is described in which Dane particle‐associated DNA is extracted from a small volume of serum and detected by molecular hybridization using 32P‐labeled cloned HBV‐DNA or HBV‐DNA extracted from the serum of an immunosuppressed patient, followed by autoradiography and densitometry. There was a positive correlation between the amount of HBV‐DNA detected using HBV particle‐derived and cloned HBV‐DNA probes. The amount of HBV‐DNA detected in serum samples showed a positive correlation with the HBV‐DNA polymerase. The method was more sensitive than the DNA polymerase and HBeAg assays in detecting complete virus particles. It may be useful in determining the level of infectivity in patients and in monitoring response to antiviral therapy.
Reexamination of hepatitis B virus subtypes and e‐antigen expression by radioimmunoassays
Authors: Shorey James , Mushahwar Isa K. , Shorey Jill , Overby Lacy R. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractRadioimmunoassay methods were used to determine both the hepatitis B virus (HBV) subtype and hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) and antibody (anti‐HBe) status of a group of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)‐positive blood donors. The study involved sera containing HBV of the three major occidental subtypes, adw2, ayw3, and ayw2. The previously reported association of the y‐type virus with HBeAg and the d types with anti‐HBe was again observed. However, when the two y subgroups, ayw2 and ayw3, were considered individually, it was evident that the ayw3 specimens alone accounted for the association with HBeAg while the ayw2 sera were strongly associated with anti‐HBe. The study also indicated that the prevalence of HBeAg declined and that of anti‐HBe increased progressively with advancing age. On the average, ayw2 donors were significantly older than the adw2 donors, and donors from both of these groups were older than the ayw3 donors. It is postulated that the observed age differences account, at least in part, for the differing prevalence of e markers in the three HBV subtype groups, and that these age differences, in turn, may reflect a tendency for infections with the ayw2 viral strain to persist longer than adw2 infections, and both of these longer than ayw3 infections. Alternately, the three subtypes may represent epidemiologic shifts from remote ayw2 and adw2 infections to more recent ayw3 infections.
A simple and rapid test for the identification of clinical herpes simplex virus isolates
Authors: Lancz Gerald J. , Specter Steven C. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA simple procedure is described which permits the rapid identification of clinical herpes simplex virus isolates. The test utilizes Staphylococcus aureus to which antiviral immunoglobulins had been adsorbed. Adherence of the antibody‐coated bacteria to virus‐infected cells is readily seen by light microscopy. Indirect immunofluorescence and the S aureus adherence reaction were found to be approximately of equal sensitivity for the detection of virus antigens.
Detection of antibodies to cytomegalovirus by an improved counterimmunoelectrophoretic procedure
Authors: Tegtmeier Gary E. , Sweet George H. , Bayer William L. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAn improved counterimmunoelectrophoretic (CIE) procedure for detection of antibodies to human cytomegalovirus (CMV) is described. The procedure, which uses high ionic strength buffer and concentrated antigen, is as sensitive and specific as complement fixation (CF), indirect hemagglutination (IHA), and anti‐complement immunofluorescence (ACIF) but requires concentration of some sera. In studies on sera from 118 normal blood donors, the percent correlation of CIE results with those by CF, IHA, and ACIF were 97.5, 98.3, and 98.3, respectively, and exceeded slightly the correlations among the latter three procedures. The appearance of precipitation immediately or early after a CIE run and of more than one line of precipitate was indicative of high titers by the other procedures, while single lines of late precipitation occurred with most low titer sera but also with many of those of high titer.
Neonatal rotavirus infection: Role of lacteal neutralising alpha1‐anti‐trypsin and nonimmunoglobulin antiviral activity in protection
Authors: Totterdell Barbara M. , Nicholson K. G. , Macleod J. , Chrystie I. L. , Banatvala J. E. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractExpressed breast milks (EBMs) were collected from mothers of rotavirus (RV)‐excreting babies and from mothers whose babies were RV free during an outbreak of asymptomatic RV infection in a newborn nursery to determine the role of lacteal anti‐RV neutralising activity, alpha1‐anti‐trypsin activity, and nonimmunoglobulin antiviral factor in protection of neonates from RV infection, and although all of the above factors were present in the majority of the EBMs, no correlation could be found between their presence in EBM and protection from RV infection. A significant rise in both neutralising activity and subgroup 2 antibodies, was demonstrated in the EBM of one mother who experienced a subgroup 2 RV‐associated diarrhoea during lactation. However, the alpha1‐anti‐trypsin activity and the nonimmunoglobulin antiviral levels remained the same. The importance of these factors in passive immunity with reference to virus dose is discussed.
Inactivation of DNA‐polymerase associated with hepatitis B virus
Authors: Nath Nrapendra , Fang Chyang T. , Dodd Roger Y. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe effects of heat, sodium hypochlorite, diethyl ether, and ethyl alcohol on the activity of DNA polymerase (DNA‐P) associated with hepatitis B virsus (HBV) in serum were evaluated. The response of DNA‐P to heating at 60°C for 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120, 180, and 240 minutes was studied and the data suggested that there may be two types of DNA‐P. The majority of DNA‐P was type ‘a’, and it showed a one log redution (D60) at 60°C in 36 minutes, while the remaining activity was type ‘b’ that showed a one log reduction (D60) in 340 minutes. Treatment of DNA‐P with sodium hypochlorite at concentrations of 250 and 500 parts per million (ppm) of available chlorine resulted in a 20 to 25% reduction in DNA‐P activity within one minute. Complete loss in detectable DNA‐P activity occurred within one minute when available Cl‐ was 2500 ppm or greater. Various concentrations of ethyl alcohol (ranging from 10 to 70%) caused gradually increasing inactivation of DNA‐P activity in ten minutes at 4°C. Ninety percent inactivation occurred with 60% alcohol. Overnight treatment of DNA‐P‐reactive material with diethyl ether at 4°C led to loss of detectable activity. A reduction in the titer of HBsAg was found following treatment with alcohol or ether. The possible use of DNA‐P assay as an indicator of the rate of inactivation of HBV is proposed.
Electron microscopy of human hepatitis B virus cores by negative staining‐carbon film technique
Authors: Onodera Shiroh , Ohori Hitoshi , Yamaki Mitsuo , Ishida Nakao 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe ultrastructure of the nucleocapsid component of human hepatitis B virus (core particle) was studied by negative staining‐carbon film technique. Using this method an improved image of core particles was obtained in respect of resolution and contrast. Two‐dimensional crystalline arrays of core particles were formed in vitro. Under these arrays the distance between the particle centers was 28.3 nm, corresponding to the capsid diameter, when analyzed through optical diffraction patterns. Positively stained images of these arrays revealed that core particles contain an electron‐dense center of nucleoid‐like area about 21 nm in diameter. The capsid surface rarely exhibited small capsomeres, ie, small spheres or ring‐like structures measuring 4.0–4.2 nm. From the dimension of these structures and the analysis by Markham's rotational technique, it was suggested that each of these capsomeres is an individual subunit (monomer) and 180 of these subunits build up the core particle capsid according to the icosahedral symmetry (T = 3), but not clustering into distinct morphological features.
False RIA IgM titres to herpes simplex virus and cytomegalovirus: Factors causing them, and their absorption by protein A‐sepharose/IgG‐protein A‐sepharose
Authors: Torfason Einar G. , Diderholm Hans 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA method for the absorption of false radioimmunoassay (RIA) IgM titres against herpes simplex virus (HSV) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) is presented. The serum specimens were absorbed by a mixture of protein A‐Sepharose and protein A‐Sepharose saturated with normal human gamma globulin (PAS/IgG). The detection of rheumatoid factor of IgM class (IgM‐RF) as well as antinuclear antibodies (ANA) of both IgM and IgG class by solid‐phase RIA is also described, and their role in the false IgM results was studied.It was found that the PAS/IgG absorption removed 50–90% of both IgM‐RF and total IgG. The reduction of IgM‐ANA clustered at 50–90% or nothing, whereas the reduction of IgG‐ANA was approximately 50%. The studies with HSV and CMV antigens indicated that the removal of false IgM titres was more effective than the removal of each of these four factors. It was concluded that the IgM‐RF titres alone were not sufficiently high to explain the false IgM results, but the ANA activity probably contributed.
Prevalence of antibodies to human cytomegalovirus in Urban, Kibbutz, and bedouin children in southern Israel
Authors: Sarov Batia , Naggan Lechaim , Rosenzveig Rely , Katz Shira , Haikin Hava , Sarov Israel 
Published: March 2007

AbstractPrevalence of antibody to human cytomegalovirus (CMV) was determined in a sample of 860 healthy children aged 1–13 years in Beer Sheva, in the Negev region of Israel. Three groups of children were tested: (1) urban Jewish children of low, middle, and high socioeconomic levels; (2) 8 rural communes (kibbutz) in which children live in close contact with each other from the 6th week of life under good hygienic conditions and a high standard of living; (3) Bedouin, seminomadic Arabs living in relatively poor hygienic conditions in the desert.Kibbutz children showed a significantly higher rate of CMV seropositivity by the second year of life than urban Jewish and Bedouin children (76% versus 44% and 54% respectively) with a gradual increase to 94% in the 10–13‐year age group. Among children living in urban populations a significantly higher prevalence of CMV seropositivity was associated with crowding, but not with other socioeconomic indicators (place of residence, country of origin, or education level of parents). A marked rise of CMV seropositivity with age was found in urban Jewish children in the 2–5‐year age group during which time they attend nurseries (44% to 67%) and in the Bedouin children in the 6–9‐year age group (59% to 86%) when they first attend school.The data suggest that close contact is of major importance in CMV infection in childhood. The clinical implications of early acquisition and high prevalence of CMV antibodies in the kibbutz setting are discussed.
Specific IgM class antibody production following infection with cytomegalovirus
Authors: Kangro Hillar O. , Griffiths Paul D. , Huber Timothy J. , Heath Raymond B. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractSpecific IgM class antibody production was studied in different groups of patients with characterized cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections using a radioimmunoassay (RIA). In pregnant women, IgM antibodies were detected only following primary infection and generally persisted less than 4 months. The demonstration of CMV‐specific IgM during pregnancy is therefore diagnostic of recent primary CMV infection.In patients with symptomatic CMV infections, the appearance of IgM antibody was shown to be closely related to the onset of symptoms and coincided with production of complement fixing (CF) antibody. IgM antibodies were at maximum levels 3–4 weeks after presentation but generally declined to low or undetectable levels by 3–4 months. The significance of the results of testing for CMV‐specific IgM in relation to clinical and other serological findings in these patients is discussed.IgM antibody production was also demonstrated in renal transplant patients with primary infections and in 6 of 21 recipients with secondary infections. In both groups the antibodies became detectable 3–6 weeks after transplantation but the titres were much higher following primary infection. IgM antibodies persisted throughout follow‐up periods of up to 2 years after transplantation in some cases.
Adsorption of purified human cytomegalovirus and induction of early antigens in different cells
Authors: Einhorn Lena , Gadler Håkan , Wahren Britta 
Published: March 2007

AbstractDifferent human and nonhuman cells were assayed for their capacity to adsorb human cytomegalovirus (CMV Ad. 169) and to support CMV infection in vitro. The CMV adsorptive capacity was assayed by measuring cell‐bound radioactivity after addition of purified 3H‐ or 125I‐labeled CMV or by a bioassay for residual infectious virus in the supernatant fluid. Many of the human and nonhuman cell types adsorbed CMV. Induction of CMV early nuclear antigens in the same cells was assayed by anticomplement immunofluorescence staining of fixed cells 1–3 days after infection. CMV early antigens were induced in the human and nonhuman cells that showed a high degree of CMV adsorption.
Solid‐phase immune electron microscopy (SPIEM) by use of protein A and its application for characterization of selected adenovirus serotypes
Authors: Svensson Lennart , von Bonsdorff Carl‐Henrik 
Published: March 2007

AbstractStaphylococcal protein A was used for the anchoring of specific antibodies for a solid‐phase immune electron microscope method (SPIEM). More IgG adsorbed to grids in the absence of protein A than in its presence. However, the virus trapping efficiency was markedly improved in the presence of protein A. The specificity of the test was evaluated by use of different adenovirus preparations and matching rabbit hyperimmune sera. The degree of serological reaction was evaluated by counting the number of particles attached to the grid. Type specific reactions and inter‐ and intrasubgroup reactions were identified.
Inapparent genital herpes simplex virus infection in college women
Authors: McCaughtry Mary L. , Fleagle Genevra S. , Docherty John J. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractDuring a six‐month period, 600 gynecological samples were collected from 585 women with typical herpes lesions, women with non‐herpes symptoms (ie, vaginitis, moniliasis, trichomoniasis, etc), and normal women seen at the student health center gynecological clinic and processed for herpes simplex virus (HSV) isolation. From these specimens, 29 samples from 25 of the 585 women (4.3%) were positive for HSV. When these isolates were typed using plaque diameter in chick cells, heat stability of viral thymidine kinase (T.K.), and restriction endonuclease patterns it was found that 18 samples (15 patients or 60%) were HSV‐2 and 11 samples (10 patients or 40%) were HSV‐1. Inapparent HSV infections constituted 20.0% of the virologically confirmed samples (5 of 25 patients) and represented 0.9% of the total patients studied (5 of 585). The inapparent infections were about equally divided between the two HSV types (2 were HSV‐2 and 3 were HSV‐1). and 4 of 5 occurred in the presence of clinically diagnosed monilia.
Cocirculation of different rotavirus strains in a local outbreak of infantile gastroenteritis: Monitoring by rapid and sensitive nucleic acid analysis
Authors: Follett Edward A. C. , Desselberger Ulrich 
Published: March 2007

AbstractRotaviruses isolated from 22 patients during a local outbreak of infantile gastroenteritis in October/November 1981 were genotyped by establishing their RNA migration patterns on polyacrylamide gels. A highly sensitive silver staining procedure was used to visualize the RNAs. It was found that strains with at least four different RNA patterns cocirculated and also showed serological differences.