bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the effectiveness of different irrigant solutions in removing the smear layer and opening the dentinal canals: A scanning electron microscopic study
Authors: Swathi Suresh , Antony Selvanayagam Delphine Priscilla , Solete Pradeep 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Aim:
The study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of different irrigant solutions in removing the smear layer and opening the dentinal canals using a scanning electron microscope (SEM).

Materials and Methods:
A total of 50 mandibular premolars (N = 50) were decoronated at the cementoenamel junction and the samples were standardized to 17 mm. Using a #10 k file (Mani, Utsunomiya, Tochigi, Japan), the initial patency was established up to the working length (WL). The ProFit S3 file system (Profit Dental, India) was used for cleaning and shaping. The samples were randomly divided into six groups: GROUP I: 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) solution and 2% chlorhexidine (CHX; n = 10) were used to irrigate the samples, GROUP II: 2.5% NaOCl solution followed by 5% sodium thiosulfate (Na2S2O3) and 2% CHX (n = 10) were used to irrigate the samples, GROUP III: 2.5% Calcium hypochlorite [Ca(OCl)2] solution and 2% CHX (n = 10) were used to irrigate the samples, GROUP IV: 2.5% Ca(OCl)2 solution, 5% Na2S2O3 solution, and 2% CHX solution were used to irrigate the samples (n = 10), GROUP V (control): 2.5% Ca(OCl)2 solution (n = 5) was used to irrigate the samples, GROUP VI (control): 2.5% NaOCl solution (n = 5) was used to irrigate the samples. SEM was applied to the samples at various levels to eliminate the smear layer.

Results:
There was a statistically significant difference in the effectiveness of different irrigant solutions in removing the smear layer and opening the dentinal tubules (P < 0.05) as compared with the control, and, between groups in apical third, middle third, and coronal third (P < 0.05).

Conclusions:
When 2.5% Ca(OCl)2 and 2% CHX were used separately or in combination with Na2S2O3, the results showed that the former had the greatest number of opened dentinal tubules and the least amount of smear layer formation.
Guided endodontics a pathbreaking approach to the management of calcified canals: A case report
Authors: Ghosh Susmita , Gehlot Paras Mull , Puthusseril Rajiv A , Mariswamy Annapoorna B 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Pulp calcification refers to the accumulation of hard tissue in the root canal space as a response to dental trauma. Despite being a common finding in dental practice, access to an obliterated pulp chamber and subsequent canal negotiation remains challenging for clinicians due to the increased likelihood of iatrogenic errors such as gouging, ledging, or perforation. In this current report, a 21-year-old male patient presented with a discolored maxillary central incisor and reported a history of trauma that occurred 15 years ago. The tooth exhibited sensitivity to percussion; with no vestibular obliteration or periodontal pockets. Intraoral periapical radiograph revealed a completely calcified root canal associated with apical widening, suggestive of apical periodontitis. A 3D-printed endodontic guide was fabricated using the cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images and digital planning software to aid in locating the root canal orifice. The canal was successfully navigated with the help of the endodontic guide, and a 12-month follow-up revealed that the patient remained clinically asymptomatic, with radiographic evidence indicating periapical healing. For conservative, precise, and predictable outcomes, a digital workflow that makes use of CBCT imaging, planning software, and a 3D-printed endodontic guide may be taken into consideration when managing extensively calcified canals.
No correlation between sexually dimorphic ratios of the sizes of fourth to second digits and hypothesized ratios of the sizes of the central to lateral incisors
Authors: Kulchar Rachel J , Bibko John S , Giddon Donald B 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Aim:
Following the fourth to second digit ratios being used as a marker of sexual dimorphism and the embryogenetic hormonal origin in common with the permanent dentition, the aim of this study was to determine if a homologous ratio existed for the central and lateral incisors which correlated with the digit ratios.

Materials and Methods:
Bilateral linear lengths in millimeters of fourth and second digits (reversed for clearer analysis) were obtained using vernier calipers from standardized photocopies of the ventral palmar surfaces of 61 male and 51 female (n = 112) volunteer dental students, the ratios of which were correlated with the ratios of the linear measures (mm) of the inciso-cervical (IC) and mesiodistal (MD) measurements of their central to lateral incisors.

Results:
Dimorphic digit ratios were comparable with those of other investigators, with male digits and incisors significantly larger than females (p < .001). Although both male maxillary incisors, IC and MD, were significantly larger than females, the ratios unexpectedly were not, with only a limited number of low but significant correlations with the digit ratios.

Conclusions:
While there were only a limited number of significant sexually dimorphic correlations between the digit and incisor ratios for non-White participants, the results obtained suggest further investigation of possible relationships between the sexually dimorphic digit ratios and odontometric ratios other than central to lateral incisors.
Accuracy of endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) in the staging of lung cancer – A comparison of staging EBUS with postoperative pathological nodal staging
Authors: Shah Eshita , Raman N. Sankara , Aggarwal Manish K. , Jain Amit , Chokhani Arushi , Murugan Avinash , Goyal Rajiv , Darlong Laengmawia , Batra Ullas 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial fine-needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) has replaced mediastinoscopy as the preferred investigation for evaluating mediastinum in staging lung cancer. There is little evidence of mediastinal staging by EBUS-TBNA from India.

Objectives:
To study endobronchial ultrasound’s diagnostic accuracy in staging lung cancer.

Methodology:
We retrospectively analysed patients operated on for lung cancer where EBUS was performed preoperatively for mediastinal staging. We compared the histological findings obtained from different mediastinal lymph nodes (LNs) by EBUS-TBNA with the pathology of the same LNs obtained after surgical dissection as the reference standard.

Results:
Seventy-six patients underwent curative surgery for lung cancer. The diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of EBUS-TBNA in predicting mediastinal metastasis were 93.9%, 40%, 99%, 80% and 94.6%, respectively. Of the 115 LNs sampled, EBUS-TBNA was false negative in six nodes, resulting in an up-staging of six patients.

Conclusions:
EBUS-TBNA has a high diagnostic accuracy for lung cancer staging.
Diagnostic Contribution of Additional Sequences to the Evaluation of Cord Lesions in Patients with Cervical Spinal Multiple Sclerosis in Turkey: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Yagdiran B , Cakir BT , Cetin H 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is the most common cause of non-traumatic disability in young adults. Spinal cord involvement is observed in 55-75% of patients with MS.

Aim:
To identify the strengths and shortcomings of sagittal phase-sensitive inversion recovery (PSIR), sagittal proton density/T2-weighted (PD/T2W), and axial turbo inversion recovery magnitude (TIRM) sequences in the detection of cervical MS plaques by comparing with routine sequences (axial and sagittal T2W, sagittal T1W, sagittal TIRM, fat-suppressed contrast T1W) and therefore determine their diagnostic contributions.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 48 patients in whom additional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences were obtained for the diagnosis of cervical MS were retrospectively identified and included in the study. A total of 111 MS plaques were analyzed in terms of visibility, number, size, border sharpness, and intensity ratio based on the routine and additional MRI sequences. The evaluation of the images was independently undertaken by two radiologists.

Results:
The highest visibility was provided by sagittal PSIR, sagittal TIRM, and axial TIRM sequences (P < 0.05 for all additional sequences). Seven lesions in PD/T2W and four lesions in axial T2W sequences were unable to be detected. Lesions seen in sagittal and axial TIRM sequences were larger than the others. The sharpest borders were determined in the axial TIRM sequence, and the most diffuse borders in the PD/T2W sequence. In intensity ratio, the sagittal PSIR sequence revealed the most significant contrast difference.

Conclusion:
The sagittal PSIR sequence may improve the detection of cervical MS plaques due to the improved visibility and intensity ratios. The axial TIRM sequence may be more useful than routine axial T2W in the evaluation of visibility, border sharpness, and size measurement of MS plaques.
Evaluation of Jaw Bone Change in Children and Adolescents with Rheumatic Heart Disease by Fractal Analysis
Authors: Temur KT , Magat G , Cosgunarslan A , Ozcan S 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Recognizing the oral needs of people living with rheumatic heart disease (RHD), particularly in relation to their jaws, is of paramount importance.

Aims:
This study aimed to evaluate potential jaw bone changes in children and adolescents diagnosed with RHD and compare them with a group of healthy children and adolescents.

Methods and Material:
The dental panoramic radiographs (DPRs) of 32 children and adolescents diagnosed with RHD comprised the case group. In contrast, the control group consisted of DPRs from 32 children and adolescents without any known diseases. Two regions of interest (ROI1 and ROI2) of trabecular bone and a separate region of interest (ROI3) of cortical bone were selected for fractal analysis. The mandibular cortical index (MCI) was evaluated.

Results:
The ROI1 fractal dimension (FD) value of the individuals in the case group was statistically higher in the right jaw than in the left jaw (P < 0.01). Significant differences were determined between the case and control groups regarding the left ROI1, and the left and the right ROI2 (P < 0.05). No significant difference was found between the patient and control groups regarding the MCI value (P > 0.05).

Conclusions:
The results of this study showed that bone metabolism was affected unilaterally in the condyle region and bilaterally in the gonial region of patients with RHD. It also revealed that the cortical layer was not affected.
Echocardiographic Comparison of Left Ventricular Systolic Function and Aortic Blood Flow Velocimetry in Children with Ventricular Septal Defect
Authors: Chinawa JM , Ossai EN , Chinawa AT , Onyia JT , Chime PU , Onyia OA , Aronu AE 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
The assessments of left ventricular (LV) longitudinal systolic dynamics in children with ventricular septal defect (VSD) have achieved a major milestone in the evaluation of LV systolic function.

Objectives:
This study aims to evaluate the LV function, LV mass (LVM), and the descending aorta blood flow in children with VSD compared to that obtained in age and sex-matched controls.

Results:
The mean LVM of the control, 113.5 ± 123.9 was higher than that of those who had VSD, 75.8 ± 83.9, and the difference in mean was found to be statistically significant (Mann–Whitney U = 2.322, P = 0.022). The mean EF of the control, 67.9 ± 10.3 was comparable to that of those with VSD, 65.6 ± 13.9, (Student’s t = 1.223, P = 0.223). Similarly, the mean descending aorta blood flow of control, 1.6 ± 2.2 was comparable to that of those with VSD, 3.9 ± 16.1, (Mann–Whitney U = 1.002, P = 0.321). There was a very weak positive correlation between LVM and descending aorta blood flow among the subjects (n = 85, r = 0.117, P = 0.425). There was a very weak negative correlation between LVM and descending aorta blood flow among control. (n = 85, r = –0.065, P = 0.609).

Conclusion:
The LVM among children with VSD is lower than controls but there is no difference between LV function in subjects and controls. There is a linear increase of LVM with descending aorta blood flow.
A Comparison of the Efficacy and Safety of Mifepristone and Misoprostol Versus Misoprostol alone for Induction of Labour in Nigerian Women with Intrauterine Fetal Death: A Triple Blind Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Ekoh A , Ebeigbe PN. , Mofon C 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Intrauterine foetal death (IUFD) is an unpleasant pregnancy outcome and prompt delivery of the dead foetus is usually desired by mothers. Unfortunately, spontaneous labour and delivery may not occur early and prolonged retention of the dead foetus in utero is life-threatening. Many of the agents currently used for the induction of labour may result in a prolonged delivery process.

Objectives:
To compare the efficacy and safety of mifepristone and misoprostol versus misoprostol alone for induction of labour in women with intrauterine foetal death.

Materials and Methods:
This was a triple-blind randomized controlled trial. Eighty women were randomized into two groups. The intervention group received a single oral dose of 200 mg mifepristone, followed by 6-hourly 50 μg misoprostol vaginal insertion, after 24-hour intervals. The control group received a placebo, followed by 6-hourly 50 μg misoprostol vaginal insertion, after 24-hour intervals. The primary outcome measure was the induction to delivery interval.

Results:
Maternal age, gestational age, parity and pre-induction bishop’s score were comparable between the two groups. The mean induction to the delivery interval in the intervention group was significantly less in the intervention group than the control group (18.78 ± 6.51 hours versus 37.10 ± 10.10; P < 0.001). The total dose of misoprostol required for induction of labour; the need for oxytocin augmentation of labour; and the observed side effects of misoprostol were all significantly less in intervention group than control group (P < 0.001; P < 0.01; and P = 0.03, respectively).

Conclusion:
The combination of mifepristone and misoprostol has greater efficacy and better safety profile than the use of misoprostol alone for induction of labour. This combination should be considered when induction of labour is indicated for IUFD.
Population genetics of the invasive tick <i>Rhipicephalus microplus</i> in Benin and Burkina Faso (West Africa)
Authors: Biguezoton Abel S. , Adakal Hassane , Noel Valerie , Farougou Souai¯bou , Zoungrana Sebastien , Chevillon Christine 
Published: February 2024

Rhipicephalus microplus, is an invasive tick species associated with the highest economic losses where it occurs. Invasion of West Africa, where breeding is in 95% of case with low input, started in 2000s and was followed by breeder’s complaints of acaricide resistance. Since understanding of population structure could help tick control, this study aimed to investigate processes which influence R. microplus invasion in Benin and Burkina Faso. Thus, seven microsatellites (SSRs) markers were applied to analyse 436 ticks from Benin and Burkina Faso. Subsequently, determination of population limits, population size, and investigation on isolation by distance pattern were achieved. Analyses revealed that herd is the relevant level of population limit in Benin and with the whole dataset. Significant differentiation was highlighted between herds and between R. microplus population from Benin and Burkina Faso. Migration occurred between herds, as indicated by assignment results and migration rates. Furthermore, any bottleneck was not evidenced within dataset. Results suggested that the origin of R. microplus population of Burkina Faso could be Côte d’Ivoire. The limit of population being the herd has obviously to be considered in tick control strategies. Thus, to be efficient, tick control programs should primarily focus on the cattle coming back north after transhumance.
Prévalence des rongeurs (<i>Muridae et Soricidae</i>) en saison sèche dans la Commune Urbaine de Kindia
Authors: Keita Namory , Cisse Amara , Toure Aboubacar Hady , Dore Raphael , Yakovlev Serguei , Sangare Mory 
Published: February 2024

Le choix de ce thème contribuerait à une meilleure connaissance de l’écologie de ces espèces quasimenacées et devrait permettre la mise en place d’une stratégie de conservation durable. Cette étude sur la prévalence des rongeurs (Muridae et Soricidae) en saison sèche a été effectuée entre 20 novembre 2021 et 20 mai 2022 dans les Maisons habitées, Maisons non habitées, Magasins, Champs agricoles, Forêts-Buissons et Rizière dans la Commune Urbaine de Kindia. Ont été capturés 250 rongeurs dont 6 espèces à l'aide de pièges de type tapettes, disposés en lignes de 5 à 10 pièges ou espacés de quelques mètres : 101 (40,40%) Rattus rattus, 89 (35,60%) Mastomys ssp., 51 (20,40%) Mus musculus, 4 (1,60%) Praomys ssp., 3 (1,20%) Cricetomys gambianus et 2 (0,80%) Crocidura ssp., 204 (81,60%) étaient des mâles contre 46 (18,40%) femelles, 39 (15,60%) dans le quartier cacia contre 4 (1,60%) dans le quartier Abattoir. La plus grande capture fut effectuée dans les maisons habitées 112 (44,80%) contre 10 (4,00%) dans les forêts-buissons. Les pièges étaient appâtés avec du poisson séché et mis en place de 19h à 6h avant d’être ramassés et conduits au laboratoire pour être identifier à travers la méthode de Rosevear (1969). Pour terminer, la prévalence des rongeurs était plus élevée au mois de mai 104 (41,60%) contre 64 (25,60%) au mois d’avril.

English title: Prevalence of rodents (Muridae and Soricidae) in the dry season in the Commune Urbaine de Kindia
The choice of this theme would contribute to a better understanding of the ecology of these nearthreatened species, and should enable a sustainable conservation strategy to be put in place. This study on the prevalence of rodents (Muridae and Soricidae) in the dry season was carried out from November 20, 2021 to May 20, 2022 in inhabited houses, uninhabited houses, stores, agricultural fields, bush-forests and rice fields in Urban Commune of Kindia. A total of 250 rodents, including 6 species, were captured using tapette-type traps set in lines of 5 to 10 traps or spaced a few meters apart: 101 (40.40%) Rattus rattus, 89 (35.60%) Mastomys ssp., 51 (20.40%) Mus musculus, 4 (1.60%) Praomys ssp., 3 (1.20%) Cricetomys gambianus and 2 (0.80%) Crocidura ssp., 204 (81.60%) were males vs. 46 (18.40%) females, 39 (15.60%) in the Cacia district versus 4 (1.60%) in the Abattoir district. The largest numbers were caught in inhabited houses 112 (44.80%) versus 10 (4.00%) in bush forests. The traps were baited with dried fish and set from 7pm to 6am before being collected and taken to the laboratory for identification using the Rosevear method (1969). Finally, the prevalence of rodents was higher in May 104 (41.60%) than in April 64 (25.60%).
Comparison of Clinical and Self-Reported Halitosis among Secondary School Adolescents in Maiduguri, Borno State Nigeria.
Authors: WILLIAMS Adeola Temitope , EZECHUKWU Chinwe C. , BABABE Falmata B. , POPOOLA Bamidele. Olubukola , IBIYEMI Olushola 
Published: February 2024

Background: Halitosis is of extreme relevance in adolescents due to their peculiar predisposition to conditions that affect social relationships.
Objective: To assess the factors associated with halitosis and compare its prevalence using self and clinical reports among secondary school adolescents in Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out among one hundred and fifty 12-18-year-old secondary school students in Maiduguri. The multistage sampling technique was used for the selection of participants and data was collected using an interviewer-administered structured questionnaire on socio-demography, knowledge of the aetiology of halitosis, oral hygiene practices and self-perception of halitosis. A trained and calibrated examiner did clinical halitosis by organoleptic assessment. A chi-square test and logistic regression analysis were done to determine the association between the investigated factors and halitosis. The level of test of significance (p) was set at < 0.05
Results: The prevalence of self-reported halitosis was 17.3 % while using the organoleptic method (clinical halitosis), about 12 (8.0%) had slight to moderate halitosis. There was no statistically significant association between self-reported halitosis and halitosis determined using the organoleptic method. Among the investigated factors, frequency of brushing and gingival bleeding were found to be statistically significantly associated with self-reported halitosis, (aOR 3.64; p=0.032) and (aOR 3.06; p=0.045) respectively.
Conclusion: Adolescents reported halitosis more than was clinically present which may have led to more aggressive oral hygiene practices. There is therefore the need to increase awareness on halitosis and proper oral health behaviour in adolescents in the Northern part of Nigeria.
Manual para la elaboración de proyectos de investigación dirigido a los docentes tutores de educación media general
Authors: Durán Wilmer 
Published: February 2024

El presente artículo se presenta como reporte de una investigación, cuyo propósito fue diseñar un manual para la elaboración de proyectos de investigación dirigido a los docentes tutores de educación media general de la Unidad Educativa Colegio Francisco Lazo Martí. Desde el punto de vista, metodológico la presente se construyó desde la visión del enfoque cuantitativo, bajo la concepción del paradigma positivista, en la modalidad de proyecto especial, sustentado en un estudio de campo de carácter descriptivo. Se diagnosticó la necesidad que presentan los docentes tutores de un manual para el proceso de elaboración de proyectos de investigación. Por otro lado, se seleccionaron un total de quince (15) como sujetos de estudio a quienes se le aplicó un instrumento bajo una escala tipo Lickert. Asimismo, se asumió el diseño instruccional de Dick y Carey (1999) y el modelo A.N.I.S.E de Pérez (2000). Igualmente, el manual se estructuró en seis (6) unidades abordadas desde la introducción a la investigación; hasta la redacción de las conclusiones y recomendaciones de un proyecto de investigación. Finalmente, se procedió a la validación del manual bajo el criterio de juicio de experto; por este motivo se diseñó un cuestionario de 12 ítems con tres alternativas de respuesta Acuerdo (AC), en Desacuerdo (DA) Mejorable (M) para recoger las apreciaciones de los especialistas en recursos didácticos.