bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coping Following Traumatic Brain Injury:The Need for Contextually Sensitive Assessment
Authors: Kendall Elizabeth , Shum David , Lack Brenda , Bull Susan , Fee Cameron 
Published: September 2006

AbstractPsychosocial adjustment problems following traumatic brain injury (TBI) frequently present a major barrier for rehabilitation. The ability to cope has been linked with psychological well-being following stressful and traumatic events, but has been poorly examined in the area of TBI. In terms of conceptualisation, most coping research has adopted the Lazarus and Folkman (1984) dichotomy of coping, namely problem-focused and emotion-focused. Despite the popularity of this theory, recent conceptualisations of coping have suggested that other dimensions are equally important and require investigation in the TBI area. However, measurement of coping continues to provide a major barrier for research in this area, particularly given the potential difficulties associated with self-report data in people with TBI. The current study used a contextually sensitive assessment technique to test current conceptualisations of coping in the TBI population. Specifically, the study examined coping strategies and styles in response to four stressful video-based scenarios. Rather than using a self-report questionnaire to assess predetermined coping strategies, participants spontaneously provided their own coping strategies, which were then coded into distinct coping strategies. The strategies were categorised into four groups according to their focus (emotion or problem) and approach (active or passive). Both the number and type of coping strategies differed across situations, providing support for the use of a contextually sensitive measurement technique. Further, the theoretically expected pattern of relationships was found between coping types and outcomes. However, these relationships differed across situations and over time, confirming suggestions that coping efficacy may differ depending on the demands of the situation and that chronic situations such as TBI may have an impact on coping style over time.
Is Aphasia Therapy Effective? Exploring the Evidence in Systematic Reviews
Authors: Douglas Jacinta , Brown Louise , Barry Sandra 
Published: September 2006

AbstractIn December 1999, Greener, Enderby and Whurr reported the findings of their Cochrane review to assess the effects of formal speech and language therapy for people with aphasia following stroke. They concluded that aphasia therapy had not been shown to be “clearly effective or clearly ineffective within a randomised controlled trial (RCT)” (p. 1). Their conclusion led to much discussion among speech pathologists with some expressing grave concern that the outcome of the review would undermine the provision of services for people with aphasia and their carers. In this paper, evidence for the effectiveness of aphasia therapy that has been provided by published systematic reviews is critically explored. Clearly, challenges remain with respect to provision of evidence-based aphasia therapy. However, the weight of evidence accumulated over the years and synthesised in systematic reviews supports the broad conclusion that aphasia therapy is effective.
Hereditary hyper-ACE-emia due to the Pro1199Leu mutation of somatic ACE as a potential pitfall in diagnosis: a first family outside Europe
Authors: Semmler Alexander , Stein Robert W. , Caplan Luis , Danilov Sergei M. , Klockgether Thomas , Linnebank Michael 
Published: September 2006

AbstractElevated plasma levels of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) are associated with granulomatous diseases. However, several families of autosomal dominant hyper-ACE-emia without disease association have already been reported. Recently, theClin Chem Lab Med 2006;44:1088–9.
Distribution of Spawning Activity by Anadromous Fishes in an Atlantic Slope Drainage after Removal of a Low‐Head Dam
Authors: Burdick Summer M. , Hightower Joseph E. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractIn 1998, the Quaker Neck Dam was removed from the Neuse River near Goldsboro, North Carolina, restoring access to more than 120 km of potential main‐stem spawning habitat and 1,488 km of potential tributary spawning habitat to anadromous fishes. We used plankton sampling and standardized electrofishing to examine the extent to which anadromous fishes utilized this restored spawning habitat in 2003 and 2004. Evidence of spawning activity was detected upstream of the former dam site for three anadromous species: American shad Alosa sapidissima, hickory shad A. mediocris, and striped bass Morone saxatilis. The percentages of eggs and larvae collected in the restored upstream habitat were greater in 2003, when spring flows were high, than in 2004. River reaches where spawning occurred were estimated from egg stage and water velocity data. Spawning of American shad and striped bass occurred primarily in main‐stem river reaches that were further upstream during the year of higher spring flows. Hickory shad generally spawned in downstream reaches and in tributaries above and below the former dam site. These results demonstrate that anadromous fishes will take advantage of upper basin spawning habitat restored through dam removal as long as instream flows are adequate to facilitate upstream migration.
Nitric Oxide Decreases Subventricular Zone Stem Cell Proliferation by Inhibition of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor and Phosphoinositide-3-Kinase/Akt Pathway
Authors: Torroglosa Ana , Murillo-Carretero Maribel , Romero-Grimaldi Carmen , Matarredona Esperanza R. , Campos-Caro Antonio , Estrada Carmen 
Published: September 2006

Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) inhibits proliferation of subventricular zone (SVZ) neural precursor cells in adult mice in vivo under physiological conditions. The mechanisms underlying this NO effect have now been investigated using SVZ-derived neural stem cells, which generate neurospheres in vitro when stimulated by epidermal growth factor (EGF). In these cultures, NO donors decreased the number of newly formed neurospheres as well as their size, which indicates that NO was acting on the neurosphere-forming neural stem cells and the daughter neural progenitors. The effect of NO was cytostatic, not proapoptotic, and did not involve cGMP synthesis. Neurosphere cells expressed the neuronal and endothelial isoforms of NO synthase (NOS) and produced NO in culture. Inhibition of NOS activity by Nω-nitro-l-arginine methylester (l-NAME) promoted neurosphere formation and growth, thus revealing an autocrine/paracrine action of NO on the neural precursor cells. Both exogenous and endogenous NO impaired the EGF-induced activation of the EGF receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase and prevented the EGF-induced Akt phosphorylation in neurosphere cells. Inhibition of the phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3-K)/Akt pathway by LY294002 significantly reduced the number of newly formed neurospheres, which indicates that this is an essential pathway for neural stem cell self-renewal. Chronic administration of l-NAME to adult mice enhanced phospho-Akt staining in the SVZ and reduced nuclear p27Kip1 in the SVZ and olfactory bulb. The inhibition of EGFR and PI3-K pathway by NO explains, at least in part, its antimitotic effect on neurosphere cells and may be a mechanism involved in the physiological role of NO as a negative regulator of SVZ neurogenesis in adult mice.
Surface‐Enhanced Infrared Absorption Spectroscopy
Authors: Osawa Masatoshi 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe sections in this article areIntroductionNature of Surface‐Enhanced Infrared AbsorptionEnhancement MechanismsElectromagnetic MechanismChemical MechanismsExperimental ProceduresSample PreparationPreparation of Surface‐Enhanced Infrared Absorption‐Active Metal SurfacesSpectral AcquisitionDetermination of Molecular OrientationApplicationsAnalysis of Trace ChemicalsBiological ApplicationsCharacterization of Thin Organic Films and Solid SurfacesInsituStudy of Electrochemical DynamicsConclusion
Forced convection heat transfer from a sphere to non‐Newtonian power law fluids
Authors: Dhole S. D. , Chhabra R. P. , Eswaran V. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe effects of Reynolds number (Re), Prandtl number (Pr), and power law index (n) on the heat‐transfer characteristics of an unconfined sphere submerged in an isothermal and incompressible power law fluid, for different thermal boundary conditions (isothermal and isoflux) on the sphere surface, have been investigated numerically for the 2‐D axisymmetric and steady flow by using a finite volume method over the ranges of conditions as 5 ≤ Re ≤ 200, 1 ≤ Pr ≤ 400 (the maximum value of the Peclet number is 2000), and 0.5 ≤ n ≤ 2. Based on the numerical results obtained herein, simple heat‐transfer correlations are developed for the constant‐temperature and the constant heat‐flux boundary conditions to estimate the value of the Nusselt (Nu) number in a new application. Furthermore, the variation of the local Nu over the surface of the sphere has been studied to delineate the effects of Re, Pr, and n on heat transfer from a sphere, thereby showing the extent of heat transfer from the front and the rear parts of the sphere. © 2006 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2006
4q35 deletion and 10p15 duplication associated with immunodeficiency
Authors: Cingoz S. , Bisgaard A.M. , Bache I. , Bryndorf T. , Kirchoff M. , Petersen W. , Ropers H.‐H. , Maas N. , Van Buggenhout G. , Tommerup N. , Tümer Z. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractWe report a familial cryptic reciprocal translocation between 4q35 and 10p15 leading to deletion of the terminal long arm of chromosome 4 and duplication of the terminal short arm of chromosome 10 in two family members who both have immunological disturbances and a similar facial appearance. The precise location and extent of the deletion and duplication was determined by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Furthermore, we investigated the deletion breakpoint of a previously reported patient with 4q34.3‐qter deletion [Van Buggenhout et al. (2004); Am J Med Genet Part A 131A:186–189]. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Inheritance of sutural pattern at the pterion in rhesus monkey skulls
Authors: Wang Qian , Opperman Lynne A. , Havill Lorena M. , Carlson David S. , Dechow Paul C. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractFive of the bones that characteristically comprise the cranial vault articulate on the lateral aspect of the skull at or near the cephalometric landmark referred to as the pterion. The pattern of articulation in the sutures associated with these bones varies among and within primate species and has been used as a criterion for classification in taxonomic studies, as well as in archeological and forensic studies. Within species, the sutural patterns found within the region of the pterion have remarkable consistency, which lead to the hypothesis that these patterns have a genetic basis. Sutural pattern variations were investigated at the pterion in 422 skulls from 66 rhesus monkey families with known genealogies from the long‐standing colony on Cayo Santiago. Four specific types of articulation patterns were recorded. The results demonstrated that the most common suture pattern at the pterion of Cayo Santiago rhesus monkeys (86%; similar to that seen in some other anthropoid species but not humans and some apes) was characterized by an articulation between the temporal bone and parietal bone. Articulation between the sphenoid and parietal bones (type SP) accounted for 14% of the specimens and was concentrated in a dozen families. Mothers with the SP phenotype had a high incidence of offspring with SP phenotypes. Most non‐SP mothers having SP offspring had siblings or family members from previous generations with the SP type. This is the first study to examine variation in sutural patterns at the pterion in pedigrees. Variation of sutural patterns shows familial aggregation, suggesting that this variation is heritable. Future work will be focused on defining the inheritance patterns of variation at the pterion, with the ultimate objective of identifying the specific genes involved and their mechanism of action. Anat Rec Part A, 288A:1042–1049, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Tuning the Formation of Cadmium(II) Urocanate Frameworks by Control of Reaction Conditions: Crystal Structure, Properties, and Theoretical Investigation
Authors: Zou Ru‐Qiang , Zhong Rui‐Qin , Jiang Ling , Yamada Yusuke , Kuriyama Nobuhiro , Xu Qiang 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe reaction of cadmium(II) perchlorate with urocanic acid under different conditions created three novel coordination compounds: [Cd2(L2)2‐(L3)2(H2O)8] (1), {[Cd(L)(L2)](H2O)1/2}n (2), and {[Cd(L3)2](H2O)3/2(EtOH)}n (3), in which L, L2, and L3 are three urocanate tautomers. Complex 1 consists of two separate mononuclear units with different urocanate tautomers, which self‐assemble into a 3D hydrogen‐bonding network constructed by alternating 2D layers, whereas complexes 2 and 3 self‐assemble into 3D alpha‐polonium and four‐fold interpenetrated diamondoid networks, respectively. The tautomerism of the urocanate ligands and the enormous structural diversity of their complexes are present in this system, which illustrates that the reaction temperature, pressure, and the metal ions themselves act cooperatively to tune the tautomerism of the ligands and the frameworks of their metal coordination compounds. The fluorescence‐emission and nitrogen‐adsorption properties of these complexes are also investigated.
Hypothetical anatomical model to describe the aberrant gag reflex observed in a clinical population of orally deprived children
Authors: Scarborough D.R. , Isaacson L.G. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractIn this ‘clinical conundrum’, we propose a hypothetical anatomical model to explain the abnormal gag reflex that is consistently observed in a clinical population of children experiencing feeding delays. This model is based on the presence of ‘transient’ connections formed during the normal development of autonomic brainstem circuitry involving the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS). We propose that, as a result of normal feeding and swallowing, the activity of these transient fibers typically diminishes shortly after birth. In children who are orally deprived during infancy, these transient connections persist and the aberrant gag reflex is maintained into childhood. The most critical feature of the proposed model is the idea that swallowing during feeding initiates the retraction of the tactile ‘transient’ input to NTS. In the NICU feeding clinics, it has been suggested that triggering the gag reflex in neonates by tactile stimulation of non‐oral body areas and anterior portions of the mouth directly or indirectly may contribute to oral feeding delays. To the contrary, we propose an anatomical model to suggest that oral feeding delays and lack of swallowing food, when experienced by neonates, actually contribute to the development of the aberrant gag reflex observed in later developmental stages. Clin. Anat. 19:640–644, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Molecular Recognition: Preorganization of a Bis(pyrrole) Schiff Base Derivative for Tight Dimerization by Hydrogen Bonding
Authors: Munro Orde Q. , Joubert Sandra D. , Grimmer Craig D. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractMultiple techniques have been used to delineate the self‐assembly of a bis(pyrrole) Schiff base derivative (compound 4, C16H14N4), which forms an unusual dimer through complementary NH⋅⋅⋅NC hydrogen bonds between twisted, C2‐symmetric monomer units. The asymmetric unit of the crystal structure comprises one and a half dimer units, with one dimer exhibiting approximate D2 point‐group symmetry and the other exact D2 symmetry (space group C2/c). The dimers pack into columns whose axes are collinear with the a axis of the unit cell. The columns assemble into discrete layers with two distinct types of hydrogen‐sized voids residing between the layers. Despite the promising architecture of the voids within the lattice of 4, the absence of genuine channels to interconnect the voids precludes the uptake of hydrogen gas, even at elevated pressures (10 bar). AM1 calculations of the structure of dimeric 4 indicate that self‐recognition through hydrogen bonding depends primarily on favorable electrostatic interactions. The potential‐energy surface for monomeric 4 mapped by counter‐rotation of an adjacent pair of CC‐NC torsion angles indicates that the X‐ray structures of the four monomeric units are global minima with highly nonplanar conformations that are preorganized for self‐recognition by hydrogen bonding. The in vacuo enthalpy of association for the dimer was calculated to be significantly exergonic (ΔGassoc=−21.9 kJ mol−1, 298 K) and in excellent agreement with that determined by 1H NMR spectroscopy in CDCl3 (ΔGassoc=−16.6(4) kJ mol−1, 298 K). Using population and bond order analyses, in conjunction with the conformation dependence of the frontier MO energies, we have been able to show that π‐electron delocalization is only marginally diminished in the nonplanar conformers of 4 and that the electronic structures of the constituent monomers of the dimer are well mixed.
A multipath interference cancellation technique for WCDMA downlink receivers
Authors: Liu Derong , Zare Hossein 
Published: September 2006

AbstractIn this paper, we present a simple interference cancellation technique for the downlink of wideband code‐division multiple‐access (WCDMA) systems in multipath environment. With the same knowledge required by a RAKE receiver, the present method acts as an equalizer and cancels the interfering multipath signals from the received signal to retrieve the orthogonality property of the received signal. The present receiver has a simple structure and it has significant performance gain against the RAKE receiver. In addition, the noise enhancement is negligible when there is a line of sight path or the channel power delay profile has an exponential decaying form. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of pancreatic endocrine development in GDF11‐deficient mice
Authors: Dichmann Darwin S. , Yassin Hani , Serup Palle 
Published: September 2006

AbstractHere, we examine the role of GDF11 in pancreatic development. Using in situ hybridization and reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction analyses, we show that Gdf11 transcripts are expressed in embryonic pancreas epithelium before the secondary transition but decrease rapidly afterward. To determine the function of GDF11 during pancreas development, we analyzed Gdf11−/− mouse embryos. In such embryos, pancreas size is twofold reduced at embryonic day (E) 18 compared with wild‐type littermates. Quantification of the different tissue compartments shows a specific hypoplasia of the exocrine compartment, while the endocrine and ductal compartments are unaffected. Notably, NGN3+ endocrine precursor cells are increased fourfold at E18, although the amount of endocrine cells in the pancreas of these animals is unchanged compared with wild‐type littermates. Similarly, the maturation of endocrine cells as well as the ratio between α‐ and β‐cells appears normal. Developmental Dynamics 235:3016–3025, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Reactions of Trimethylphosphane‐Supported Cobalt Complexes with Salicylaldimines – Formation and Structures of Cobalt Compounds Containing Salicylaldiminato [N:O] Ligands
Authors: Li Xiaoyan , Yu Fengli , Sun Hongjian , Huang Liye , Hou Haoqing 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe reactions of low‐valent cobalt complexes CoMe(PMe3)4, CoCl(PMe3)3 and Co(PMe3)4 with salicylaldimines are described to give tetrahedral complexes 7–12, an octahedral complex 13 and a π‐coordinated imine complex 15. The crystal structures of 13 and 15 are reported. The formation and likely mechanisms are discussed. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
An Expedient Route to New Spiroheterocycles: Synthesis and Structural Studies
Authors: Goubert Marlène , Canet Isabelle , Sinibaldi Marie‐Eve 
Published: September 2006

AbstractWe have developed a short, efficient and enantioselective synthesis of 1,4,7,10‐tetraoxa‐ and 1,7‐dioxa‐4,10‐dithiaspiro[5.5]undecanes. The method involved the reaction of solketal 5 or thiol derivative 6 with 1,3‐dichloropropanone O‐benzyloxime (4) which affords the conveniently protected symmetrical ketones 7 and 8. Elaboration of the required 4,10‐disubstituted‐1,7‐dioxaspiro[5.5]undecane systems 1 and 2 entailed a final “one‐pot” deprotection–spirocyclization process in an acidic medium. The structures and configurations of the spiroketals were established unambiguously by NMR spectroscopy. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Confinement effects on electromigration of long DNA molecules in an ordered cavity array
Authors: Zeng Yong , Harrison D. Jed 
Published: September 2006

AbstractConfinement effects on the electromigration of long dsDNA molecules in an array of well‐ordered, molecular sized cavities interconnected by nanopores are described. The array was prepared by replicating the structure of a colloidal crystal of microspheres in a polymer matrix. Both conformation and mobility studies show that the electrophoretic behavior of large DNA molecules is distinct from that in gels and other microfabricated sieves, showing a peak in mobility versus electric field, and an inversion in the separation order with field strength. A simple model was proposed to interpret this unexpected observation qualitatively. We conclude that the molecular behavior of DNA can be modified by the combination of entropic effect and electric trapping as a consequence of both unique geometry and conductivity of this cavity array material. This approach provides insights for design and optimization of on‐chip molecular sieving structures for rapid separation of long DNA molecules. It may lead to a promising material for manipulation and size fractionation of other biological macromolecules.
Assessment of normal fetal brain maturation in utero by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Authors: Girard Nadine , Gouny Sylviane Confort , Viola Angèle , Le Fur Yann , Viout Patrick , Chaumoitre Kathia , D'Ercole Claude , Gire Catherine , Figarella‐Branger Dominique , Cozzone Patrick J. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractCerebral maturation in the normal human fetal brain was investigated by in utero localized proton MR spectroscopy (1H MRS). Fifty‐eight subjects at 22–39 weeks of gestational age (GA) were explored. A combination of anterior body phased‐array coils (four elements) and posterior spinal coils (two to three elements) was used. Four sequences were performed (point‐resolved spectroscopy (PRESS) sequence with short and long TEs (30 and 135 ms), with and without water saturation). A significant reduction in myo‐inositol (myo‐Ins) and choline (Cho) levels, and an increase in N‐acetylaspartate (NAA) and creatine (Cr) content were observed with progressing age. A new finding is the detection of NAA as early as 22 weeks of GA. This result is probably related to the fact that oligodendrocytes (whether mature or not) express NAA, as demonstrated by in vitro studies. Cho and myo‐inositol were the predominant resonances from 22 to 30 weeks and decreased gradually, probably reflecting the variations in substrate needed for membrane synthesis and myelination. The normal MRS data for the second trimester of gestation (when fetal MRI is usually performed) reported here can help determine whether brain metabolism is altered or not, especially when subtle anatomic changes are observed on conventional images. Magn Reson Med, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.