bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multimodality treatment of melanoma brain metastases incorporating stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS)
Authors: Samlowski Wolfram E. , Watson Gordon A. , Wang Michael , Rao Ganesh , Klimo Paul , Boucher Kenneth , Shrieve Dennis C. , Jensen Randy L. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND.Brain metastases are a frequent complication in advanced melanoma. A 3.6 to 4.1‐month median survival has been reported after treatment with whole brain radiotherapy. We performed a retrospective analysis of our institutional experience of multimodality treatment utilizing linear accelerator (Linac)‐based stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS).METHODS.Forty‐four melanoma patients with brain metastases underwent 66 SRS treatments for 156 metastatic foci between 1999 and 2004. Patients were treated with initial SRS if ≤5 brain metastases were present. All patients had Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) ≥70, but 37 patients had active systemic metastases (Recursive Partition Analysis Class 2). Survival was calculated from the time of diagnosis of brain metastases. Minimum follow‐up was 1 year after SRS. The potential role of prognostic factors on survival was evaluated including age, sex, interval from initial diagnosis to brain metastases, surgical resection, addition of whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT), number of initial metastases treated, and number of SRS treatments using Cox univariate analysis.RESULTS.The median survival of melanoma patients with brain metastases was 11.1 months (95% confidence interval [CI]: 8.2–14.9 months) from diagnosis. One‐year and 2‐year survivals were 47.7% and 17.7%, respectively. There was no apparent effect of age or sex. Surgery or multiple stereotactic radiotherapy treatments were associated with prolonged survival. Addition of WBRT to maintain control of brain metastases in a subset of patients did not improve survival.CONCLUSIONS.Our results suggest that aggressive treatment of patients with up to 5 melanoma brain metastases including SRS appears to prolong survival. Subsequent chemotherapy or immunotherapy after SRS may have contributed to the observed outcome. Cancer 2007. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
Phase II randomized study of daily gefitinib treatment alone or with vinorelbine every 2 weeks in patients with adenocarcinoma of the lung who failed at least 2 regimens of chemotherapy
Authors: Chen Yuh‐Min , Liu Jacqueline Ming , Chou Teh‐Ying , Perng Reury‐Perng , Tsai Chun‐Ming , Whang‐Peng Jacqueline 
Published: March 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND.The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of adding chronic, intermittent, low‐dose vinorelbine to gefitinib treatment for patients who had adenocarcinoma of the lung who failed ≥2 regimens of chemotherapy.METHODS.Patients were randomized into 2 arms: Oral gefitinib 250 mg daily (the G arm) or vinorelbine 15 mg/m2 as an intravenous infusion on Day 1 and oral gefitinib 250 mg daily on Days 2 through 14 every 2 weeks (the GV arm). From August 2004 to October 2005, 48 patients were enrolled. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) exon 18 through 21 nucleotide sequence analysis and fluorescence in situ hybridization were performed in patients who had tumor tissue specimens available for analysis.RESULTS.After randomization, each arm had 24 patients. However, 3 patients refused vinorelbine treatment and were given gefitinib treatment only. Thus, 27 patients received G treatment, and 21 patients received GV treatment. Objective response rates were 55.6% in the G arm and 52.4% in the GV arm. All toxicities in both arms were mild. The 1‐year progression‐free survival rate was 57.1% in the GV arm and 21.2% in the G arm (P = .008). The median survival was 13.3 months in the G arm and 23.4 months in the GV arm (P = .1231). Three of 6 patients (50%) had an exon 19 in‐frame deletion, and 2 of 10 patients had EGFR gene high polysomy or amplification (20%).CONCLUSIONS.Gefitinib was highly effective in ethnic Chinese patients with adenocarcinoma of the lung who failed previous platinum and taxane treatment. The addition of low‐dose vinorelbine every 2 weeks produced a significantly better 1‐year progression‐free survival rate. Cancer 2007. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
‘Owl's eye’ cells in a cervical smear of a transplant recipient: Don't forget to inform the referring physician
Authors: Oei A. L. M. , Salet‐van de Pol M. R. J. , Borst S. M. , van den Berg A. P. , Grefte J. M. M. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractCytomegalovirus (CMV) infected cells in cervical smears are a rare finding but may have severe consequences. We describe the presence of characteristic ‘owl eye’ cells in a conventional cervical smear. Medical history revealed a liver transplantation from a CMV seropositive donor 1 yr earlier. The patient experienced a delayed primary CMV infection 6 mo after transplantation. The current CMV infection was considered to be either a persisting manifestation of that primary infection or a reactivation. Since the patient experienced no clinical symptoms, it was decided to ‘wait and see’. Infections with cytomegalovirus in immunocompromised patients may present with aspecific symptoms, but may lead to severe organ threatening disease such as acute or chronic transplantation loss in transplant recipients. Although in the present case no serious consequences occurred, we stress that it is important to recognize these cells and report this finding promptly to the referring physician to prevent possible severe morbidity. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2007;35:227–229. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Differential inhibition of interleukin 2‐ and interleukin 4‐mediated human B cell proliferation by ionomycin: A possible regulatory role for apoptosis
Authors: Vazquez Aimé , Auffredou Marie Thérèse , Chaouchi Nadia , Taieb Joelle , Sharma Surendra , Galanaud Pierre , Leca Gérald 
Published: March 2007

AbstractSurface immunoglobulin (Ig) cross‐linking by anti‐IgM (μ) antibodies leads to B cell activation resulting in numerous early biochemical events including an increase in intracellular [Ca2+]. Furthermore, anti‐μ‐activated B cells become able to proliferate in response to interleukin (IL)2 and IL 4. These studies examined the effect of the calcium ionophore ionomycin, an enhancer of cytoplasmic [Ca2+] levels, on IL 2 and IL 4‐mediated proliferation of anti‐μ‐stimulated normal human B cells. Ionomycin inhibited the proliferative response of anti‐μ‐activated B cells to IL 4. In contrast, IL 2 and phorbol 12,13 dibutyrate (PBu2)‐mediated B cell proliferation was refractory to the growth inhibitory effects of ionomycin. In an attempt to delineate a possible mechanism(s) for this differential growth effect of ionomycin, we first studied direct effects of ionomycin on activated B cells. Our data suggested that ionomycin induced DNA fragmentation in anti‐μ‐costimulated B cells. Interestingly, in contrast to PBu2, IL 4 did not prevent ionmycin‐dependent DNA fragmentation. Importantly, H7, an inhibitor of protein kinase C activation, down‐regulated only the IL 2 and PBu2‐driven B cell proliferation but not B cell proliferative response to IL 4. These results suggest that putative protein kinase C activation, either by direct treatment with phorbol ester or during IL 2 signaling, counteracts the inhibitory effects of ionomycin. In contrast, IL 4 signaling does not exhibit the same protective properties.
Down‐regulation of protein kinase C activation in human lamina propria T lymphocytes: Influence of intestinal mucosa on T cell reactivity
Authors: Qiao Liang , Schürmann Guido , Betzler Michael , Meuer Stefan C. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractHuman lamina propria T lymphocytes (LPL‐T) were shown to have lower proliferative responses to CD3 triggering than autologous peripheral blood T lymphocytes (PBL‐T), yet preserved their responsiveness to CD2 stimulation. In order to elucidate the basis of these differences, freshly recovered human LPL‐T and autologous PBL‐T were stimulated with CD2 monoclonal antibodies anti‐T112/3 plus sheep red blood cells and phorbol 12,13‐dibutyrate (PBu2) plus ionomycin, respectively. LPL‐T showed invariably lower responses to PBu2 plus ionomycin than PBL‐T. In contrast, LPL‐T still preserved proliferation to CD2 activation even when their responses to PBu2 plus ionomycin were decreased almost to background levels. Preincubation of PBL‐T with intestinal mucosa supernatant led to a similar reactivity as observed in fresh LPL‐T. Moreover, the protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor sphinganine was able to inhibit DNA synthesis to stimulation with PBu2 plus ionomycin but not to CD2 triggering. This study suggests that CD2‐induced proliferation is not dependent on PKC activation and that down‐regulation of PKC activation may be one of the mechanisms for inhibition of the CD3‐Ti‐dependent activation pathway in LPL‐T by intestinal mucosa‐derived influences in vivo.
A rearranged λ2 light gene chain retards but does not exclude x and λ1 expression
Authors: Bogen Bjarne , Weiss Siegfried 
Published: March 2007

AbstractMice transgenic for the λ2 light chain of MOPC315 were established. In newborn transgenics (TG), λ2 was the only light chain found on B cells. However, by day 21, λ2highxlow as well as λ2lowxhigh double expresser populations were emerging. λ2 was found on an increased fraction of serum immunoglobulins (Ig), this fraction declined with age. Correspondingly, x and λ1 expression was suppressed in young mice but increased with age. In adult mice x or λ1 were often co‐expressed with λ2 in single serum Ig molecules. Most B cell hybridomas from an adult TG secreted λ2,x mixed molecules and had rearranged their x chain genes. One λ2,λ1 hybridoma and even a λ2,xλ1 hybridoma were also found. In conclusion, isotypic exclusion in λ2 TG is complete in newborns but becomes increasingly leaky with age. Antigen probably expands the λ2lowxhigh B cell population; this population is most likely the major source of serum Ig in adult λ2 TG mice. In contrast, the λ2highxlow population, a major fraction of which is CD5+μlowδlow, appears only infrequently to develop into antibody‐secreting plasma cells.
Helper interleukins are produced by both CD4 and CD8 splenic T cells after mitogen stimulation
Authors: Cardell Susanna , Sander Birgitta , Möller Göran 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe have earlier described (Cardell, S. and Sander, B., Eur. J. Immunol. 1990. 20: 389) mitogen‐induced production of interleukin (IL) 2, IL 4 and IL 5 mRNA by murine spleen cells, analyzed by in situ hybridization. In the present study we have investigated the potential of CD8 T cells to produce these interleukins, normally associated with the helper function of CD4 T cells. When concanavalin A (Con A)‐activated spleen cells were restimulated with Con A and phorbol 12‐myristate 13‐acetate (PMA), higher levels of IL2, IL4 and IL5 mRNA were induced, as detected both by increased frequencies of positive cells, and by more mRNA per cell. Four‐to‐six‐day Con A blasts were enriched for CD4+ or CD8+ T cells, and restimulated with Con A and PMA. Both CD4 and CD8 cells were found to produce all three kinds of mRNA when restimulated. The frequencies of IL 2 mRNA‐containing CD8 cells were half of those found for CD4 cells (3.5% as compared to 7%). On the average 1% of the CD8 cells were induced to produce IL4 and IL 5 mRNA, while 9% and 3% of the activated CD4 cells contained IL4 and IL5 mRNA, respectively. CD4 and CD8 cells displayed different sensitivities to the reagents when tested alone. Con A induced the synthesis of IL 4 and IL 5 in CD4 cells, but not CD8 cells, independently of PMA. PMA alone induced extensive thymidine incorporation in CD8 cells, but not in CD4 cells, in the absence of detectable lymphokine mRNA. The results suggest that some CD8 cells have the capacity to give help in immune responses, by secretion of IL 2, IL 4 and IL 5.
Expression of immunoglobulin genes in the avian embryo bone marrow revealed by retroviral transformation
Authors: Benatar Tania , Lacampo Sandra , Tkalec Lydia , Ratcliffe Michael J. H. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAnalysis of the early stages of avian B lymphocyte differentiation has been hampered by the low frequency of extra‐bursal B lineage cells in sites of hematopoesis. Consequently, little is known about B lineage precursors prior to their migration into the bursa of Fabricius. Colonization of the bursa typically occurs between about days 8 and 14 of embryonic (e) development, although cells which can colonize the bursa, functionally defined as pre‐bursal stem cells, can be demonstrated in embryo bone marrow up until about the time of hatch. As a novel approach to analyzing early stages of avian B lymphocyte development, we show here that transformed B lineage cells can be derived from chick embryo bone marrow after infection in vitro with the replication‐defective retrovirus REV‐T produced in the context of the non‐cytopathic CSV helper virus. Thus, exposure of day 14e–15e chick embryo bone marrow cells to REV‐T(CSV) results in the generation of transformed, polyclonal lines of cells. From these lines, cells expressing cell surface immunoglobulin were readily isolated by flow cytometric cell sorting and single cell cloning. Analysis of the phenotype of REV‐T(CSV)‐transformed clones with a panel of monoclonal antibody reagents demonstrated that transformation by v‐rel likely leads to marked changes in cell surface antigen expression. Nonetheless, clones expressing cell surface immunoglobulin expressed apparently normal mRNA for immunoglobulin u and light chain and contained apparently normal immunoglobulin heavy and light chain gene rearrangements. Furthermore, no evidence for chromosomal deletions or aberations of the Ig loci was detected among either slg+ or slg− REV‐T(CSV)‐transformed clones.
Evidence for quantitative and qualitative differences in functional activation of MIs‐reactive T cell clones and hybridomas by antigen or TcR/CD3 antibodies
Authors: Gaugler Béatrice , Langlet Claire , Martin Jean‐Michel , Schmitt‐Verhulst Anne‐Marie , Guimezanes Annick 
Published: March 2007

AbstractIn this study, we demonstrated that some Vp6+, CD4+, Mls‐la‐specific T cell clones had cytolytic activity when stimulated with anti‐T cell receptor(TcR)/CD3 monoclonal antibodies (mAb), but not with targets expressing Mls‐1a, although they produced lymphokines (interleukin 2 and interferon‐y) in response to both types of stimuli. To examine the possibility that lack of cytolysis resulted from expression of the Mls‐la antigen on merely a fraction of splenic B blasts, we (a) used the B cell lymphoma LBB.3.4.16 and (b) measured esterase secretion which is generally concurrent with cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activity. The B cell lymphoma maximally stimulated the T cell clone for interferon‐y production when responding and stimulating cells were incubated at a 1:1 ratio, but it was never killed by the Mls‐1a‐specific T cell clone unless TcR/CD3‐specific mAb were added. Furthermore, a fivefold excess of the Mls‐1a B cell lymphoma did not induce any secretion of esterase, which was observed only in the presence of the TcR/CD3‐specific mAb. Comparison of the reactivity of two Mls‐1a‐specific T cell hybridomas expressing the same TcR at similar surface density, revealed both quantitative and qualitative differences between CD3‐specific mAb and Mls stimulation of the hybridomas. A small quantitative difference in the sensitivity of hybridoma FJ22.5 to stimulation with Vβ6 or CD3‐specific mAb resulted in a marked decrease in efficiency of stimulation by Mls‐1a for interleukin 2 production and to inability to detect growth inhibition by Mls‐expressing cells. A qualitative difference was observed when analyses of inositol phosphate production were performed under optimal conditions of stimulation of the highly responsive T cell hybridoma (FJ8.1): only stimulation with CD3‐specific mAb, but not Mls‐expressing cells, could induce detectable inositol phosphate production. Lack of cytolysis of Mls‐1a class II‐expressing B cells may have evolutionary significance in view of the recent mapping of Mls to mouse mammary tumor virus genes.
Cyclosporin A blocks surface IgM‐mediated growth inhibition in an immature B lymphoma, BKS‐2
Authors: Udhayakumar Venkatachalam , Muthukkumar Subramanian , Subbarao Bondada 
Published: March 2007

AbstractCyclosporin A (CSA) is an immunosuppressive drug, which blocks selective activation pathways in T and B cells. Antigen receptor‐mediated signaling events have been shown to be very sensitive to CSA. Signaling through the surface IgM receptor had been shown to induce growth inhibition in immature B cell lymphoma cells. In this report, we demonstrate that CSA caused significant reversal of growth inhibition induced by an anti‐μ antibody in an immature B lymphoma, BKS‐2. Time‐course experiments indicated that CSA was completely effective when added as late as 4 h after the addition of ligand. CSA was also found to have no direct effect on anti‐μ‐induced Ca2+ elevation. These results suggest that the likely target for CSA lies downstream from the initial generation of second messengers, such as Ca2+.
The c‐kit‐encoded tyrosine kinase regulates the proliferation of early pre‐B cells
Authors: Rolink Anton , Streb Martin , Nishikawa Shin‐Ichi , Melchers Fritz 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA monoclonal antibody (mAb; ACK2) recognizing the extracellular domains of the c‐kit‐encoded tyrosine kinase has been employed to demonstrate that c‐kit is involved in B lymphocyte development. The c‐kit‐encoded tyrosine kinase is expressed on the surface of normal DHJH‐rearranged murine pre‐B cell clones which proliferate continuously at that stage in vitro on stromal cells and in the presence of recombinant interleukin 7. These pre‐B cell clones, capable of differentiation to surface immunoglobulin‐positive B cells in vitro and in vivo, are inhibited by the mAb in their proliferation while remaining capable of differentiation to surface immunoglobulin‐positive B cells. Stimulation of mature B cells by mitogens is unimpaired by the mAb. This indicates that c‐kit regulates early antigen‐independent, but not late antigen‐dependent, B cell development.
Infinite Molecular {[Pt3n(CO)6n]2–}∞ Conductor Wires by Self‐Assembly of [Pt3n(CO)6n]2– (n = 5–8) Cluster Dianions Formally Resembling CO‐Sheathed Three‐Platinum Cables
Authors: Femoni Cristina , Kaswalder Francesco , Iapalucci Maria Carmela , Longoni Giuliano , Zacchini Stefano 
Published: March 2007

AbstractMiscellaneous tetrasubstituted ammonium salts of [Pt3n(CO)6n]2– (n = 5–8) clusters, obtained by the stoichiometric oxidation of the corresponding [Pt9(CO)18]2– salts with tropylium tetrafluoroborate, self‐assemble into infinite semicontinuous or continuous {[Pt3n(CO)3n(μ‐CO)3n]2–}∞ conductor wires upon crystallization. Pellets of these salts exhibit conductor behavior that roughly depends on the interdianion gap along the wires. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Multivariate analysis of 2‐DE protein patterns – Practical approaches
Authors: Jacobsen Susanne , Grove Harald , Nedenskov Jensen Kristina , Sørensen Helle A. , Jessen Flemming , Hollung Kristin , Uhlen Anne Kjersti , Jørgensen Bo M. , Færgestad Ellen Mosleth , Søndergaard Ib 
Published: March 2007

AbstractPractical approaches to the use of multivariate data analysis of 2‐DE protein patterns are demonstrated by three independent strategies for the image analysis and the multivariate analysis on the same set of 2‐DE data. Four wheat varieties were selected on the basis of their baking quality. Two of the varieties were of strong baking quality and hard wheat kernel and two were of weak baking quality and soft kernel. Gliadins at different stages of grain development were analyzed by the application of multivariate data analysis on images of 2‐DEs. Patterns related to the wheat varieties, harvest times and quality were detected on images of 2‐DE protein patterns for all the three strategies. The use of the multivariate methods was evaluated in the alignment and matching procedures of 2‐DE gels. All the three strategies were able to discriminate the samples according to quality, harvest time and variety, although different subsets of protein spots were selected. The explorative approach of using multivariate data analysis and variable selection in the analyses of 2‐DEs seems to be promising as a fast, reliable and convenient way of screening and transforming many gel images into spot quantities.
Sur model with spatial effects: an application to mental health expenditure
Authors: Moscone Francesco , Tosetti Elisa , Knapp Martin 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThis study analyses, through the adoption of a seemingly unrelated regression approach, the temporal evolution of policy interactions among local authorities in England when allocating mental health resources. This new approach in health economics may shed light on the degree of interdependence between adjacent municipalities at a specific point in time (e.g. before, during, or after a change in policy), exploiting the information carried by the panel, rather than that of a single cross‐section. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A simple set of numerical invariants for the analysis of images
Authors: Shahshahani Mehrdad , Targhi Alireza Tavakoli 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA new invariant, which captures some of the perceptual and conceptual features in an image is introduced. The effectiveness of the invariant is demonstrated empirically through applications to images. It is shown that extraneous objects in a texture environment can be detected and parts of a single image with distinct structural features are distinguished and separated. The invariants are not sensitive to local perturbations. Changes in the lighting or the orientation do not reduce their effectiveness. The method is based on the variation of local statistical properties of a single image and makes no use of memory or training. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 16, 240–248, 2006
Protective effect of diphenylmethyl selenocyanate against CCl4‐induced hepatic injury
Authors: Das Rajat Kumar , Hossain Sk. Ugir , Bhattacharya Sudin 
Published: March 2007

AbstractOrganoselenocyanates represent an important class of chemopreventive agent, which possess antioxidative, antimutagenic as well as cancer chemopreventive properties. The present study is an attempt to evaluate the protective effect of diphenylmethyl selenocyanate — a synthetic organoselenocyanate against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)‐induced hepatic damage in Swiss albino mice in vivo.Mice were pretreated with the Se‐compound orally in a duration dependent manner (7 and 15 days) to observe its protective action against an acute toxic dose (24 h) of CCl4 (single injection at a dose of 20 µl and 50 µl kg−1 b.w.) that induced hepatic necrosis and caused DNA damage (strand breaks) in the hepatocytes.This study revealed that pretreatment with the Se‐compound reduced the extent of massive hepatic necrosis in a duration dependent manner, but it had no modulatory effect on hepatocellular apoptosis caused by acute toxic doses of CCl4. It was also found that the Se‐compound could significantly (P < 0.01) prevent the CCl4‐induced elevation of DNA damage in hepatocytes measured by comet assay in a duration dependent manner.So these findings will further strengthen the view that organoselenocyanate is an effective chemopreventive agent against acute hepatic damage, caused by halogenated alkanes such as CCl4. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.