bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The nonoperative treatment of Grade I and 11 medial collateral ligament injuries to the knee
Authors: Holden David L. , Eggert Allen W. , Butler James E. 
Published: June 2007

A prospective investigation covering 8 years (1971 to 1978) at a major university was undertaken involving the nonoperative management of medial collateral lig ament injuries to the knee. Rigid diagnostic criteria were used for each injury prior to inclusion in a program of functional rehabilitation without cast immobilization. Eighty-nine fresh ligamentous injuries were reviewed. Thirty-eight knees required surgery. The remaining 51 knees were classified as isolated Grade I or Grade II injuries. Forty-two (80%) successfully completed the program of rehabilitation. Nine (20%) were considered failures. These were attributed to inadequate diagnoses during the early period of the study. Average time required for the athletes to return to full competition was 21 days (range of 9 to 32 days.)
Arthroscopic meniscectomy in athletes
Authors: Lysholm Jack , Gillquist Jan 
Published: June 2007

Twenty arthroscopic meniscectomies were done in 19 patients (mean age 24 years). Twelve medial and eight lateral meniscus lesions were treated. In one patient, both a medial and a lateral meniscus tear were treated at the same time. There were 9 total meniscectomies and 11 partial. All patients were international or national top athletes. Arthroscopy was performed using the anterior midline approach. Arthroscopic meniscectomy was done by means of triangulation technique. Sixty-eight percent resumed their full athletic training and competition in 2 weeks or less. At followup 14.3 ± 9.4 months after surgery, 74% had an excellent result (full activity, no symptoms) and 21 % a good result (full activity, minimal symptoms). One international top weight lifter had to be reoperated on twice because of tearing of the meniscus remnant after partial meniscec tomy. Our conclusion is that the result after arthro scopic meniscectomy in athletes is good with a short rehabilitation period. Under extreme circumstances, early strenuous activities might lead to a retear in the meniscus remnant after partial meniscectomy.
Saphenous nerve entrapment
Authors: Worth Robert M. , Kettelkamp Donald B. , Defalque Ray J. , Duane Karen Underwood 
Published: June 2007

Saphenous nerve entrapment is a seldom recognized cause of pain along the medial side of the knee and proximal calf. We are reporting our experience with 15 saphenous nerve entrapments in 14 patients between 1978 and 1981.
The Magnuson-Stack procedure for treatment of recurrent glenohumeral dislocations
Authors: Miller Lawrence S. , Donahue John R. , Good Robert P. , Staerk Arthur J. 
Published: June 2007

The Magnuson-Stack procedure was developed in 1943 as a treatment for recurrent anterior dislocation of the glenohumeral joint. Since that time, very little literature has been published on this procedure. The purpose of our study is to evaluate its efficacy in preventing further dislocations and, also, introduce the Cybex Isokinetic Dynamometer as a quantitative tool in scientifically evaluating total shoulder function. At the Bryn Mawr (Pennsylvania) Hospital from 1971 to 1978, 43 patients underwent a Magnuson-Stack procedure. Twenty-nine returned detailed question naires ; 26 of these patients returned for clinical and roentgenographic examination by one of the authors, and 18 had their shoulder motion and power quantita tively compared to their contralateral normal arms with the Cybex Isokinetic Dynamometer. Eighty-five percent of shoulders did not dislocate postoperatively; 90% considered their results satisfac tory. By gross physical examination, no shoulder atro phy was noted. Strength seemed to equal the uninjured shoulder. Range of motion showed a 10° loss of exter nal rotation as measured with a hand-held goniometer. However, by testing range of motion with the Cybex system, a 25° lack of external rotation was noted. Force values measured at 60° of arc/sec and 180° of arc/sec showed an 18 and 10% deficit, respectively, in external rotation. The authors believe that the Magnuson-Stack pro cedure has a place in the treatment of recurrent anterior dislocations of the shoulder. Also, the Cybex II isolated joint testing system provides an accurate reproducible method of comparing the postoperative results of all patients treated for dislocation of the shoulder. Hope fully, from such data, information can be obtained which will be valuable in selecting the appropriate operative procedure for each individual's needs as well as assist ing in the development of postoperative rehabilitation programs designed to maximize shoulder function while minimizing disability time.
The function of the anterior cruciate ligament during anterior drawer and Lachman's testing
Authors: Rosenberg T.D. , Rasmussen G.L. 
Published: June 2007

In order to clarify the function of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) during clinical testing an in vivo arthro scopic method of assessing the tension of ACL was developed. Twenty young adult patients with normal knee ligaments and menisci were selected. A spring mechanism in the handle of the specially designed probe allowed the surgeon to apply a known perpen dicularly directed force to the ligament while the amount of displacement was observed and recorded. Tension was determined in the anteromedial central and pos terolateral portions of ACL before and during an anterior drawer test (knee flexed 90°) and before and during a Lachman's test (knee flexed 15°). The results were consistent in all 20 knees. Baseline tension was greater at 15° of flexion than at 90°. A Lachman's test produced maximal tension in the ma jority of the ligaments. The anterior drawer did not produce maximal tension in any portion of the ligament. Tension within the anteromedial and central portion of the ligament predominated during both uses. This analysis confirms the specificity of Lachman's test as an indicator of ACL integrity. The concept of two reciprocally functioning ACL "bands" by either an terior drawer or Lachman's test is not supported by our data.
The snapping hip syndrome
Authors: Schaberg James E. , Harper Marion C. , Allen William C. 
Published: June 2007

The snapping hip syndrome is a symptom complex characterized by hip pain and an audible snapping of the hip with exercise typically seen in young individuals. "External" and "internal" etiologies have been de scribed, although the "internal" etiology is poorly un derstood. A clinical, radiographic, and anatomical study of eight patients with this disorder, secondary to an internal etiology, was undertaken to aid in the diagnosis and surgical treatment. Iliopsoas bursography with cineradiography revealed subluxation of the iliopsoas tendon to be an apparent cause of the snapping hip. The anatomy of the hip in relationship to the iliopsoas tendon is defined with the anterior inferior iliac spine, iliopectineal eminence, and lesser trochanter assuming a significant role in the syndrome. An operative approach involving a partial release and lengthening of the iliopsoas tendon, with minimal resec tion of a lesser trochanteric bony ridge, if involved, is described.
Ski fractures of the femur
Authors: Yvars Manuel F. , Kanner Howard R. 
Published: June 2007

There have been few reports of femoral ski injuries. Twenty-four cases of femoral ski fractures (as well as one dislocation), collected over 8 years, are presented. Two-thirds of the patients were under 30 years of age. The largest single cause of injury (one-third of the cases) involved collision. High speed skiing with loss of control and falling on icy surfaces were other frequent causes of injury. Internal fixation methods were usually chosen for skeletally mature patients, with traction and casting used in children. Femoral injuries have occurred in recent years de spite improvements in ski equipment, snowmaking, and trail-grooming. It is felt that these improvements have led to faster skiing with increased kinetic forces of injury, and more severe consequences of a fall or collision.
Exercise performance of professional football players
Authors: Shields Clarence L. , Whitney Frank E. , Zomar Vickie D. 
Published: June 2007

With the likely hypothesis that the degree to which a football player is physically suited to his position will determine his value as a player, we attempted to de scribe the characteristics of a given player and position and, from that, to determine the characteristics that make up a first class player in that position. Over a 4-year period 167 football players were ex amined at the National Athletic Health Institute, Ingle wood, California, and grouped according to playing position and class. Position groups were: 1, linemen; 2, linebackers and tight ends; 3, running backs, quar terbacks and kickers; and 4, wide receivers and defen sive backs. Classes were: I, rookies (nonstarters); II, veterans (nonstarters); and III, starters (veterans and an occasional rookie). Testing was in two phases, body characteristics and direct measurement of body function. All testing was done in connection with the preseason physical exam. Significant differences were found when data were analyzed by position. Position 1 players were taller, heavier, and had a higher percentage of body fat than players at other positions. These values decreased from Position 1 to Position 4. In terms of cardiovascular fitness the opposite trend was seen. Strength meas ures were also specific to given position groups. While few differences were seen when data were analyzed by class, one interesting finding was that Class III players (starters) were not only the oldest, but also had the highest level of cardiovascular fitness. Our conclusion is that while size, strength, and en durance are obvious advantages for the successful regular player, there is an unmeasurable quality re flected in the playing ability of the veteran player that is not easily identified in the beginning player.
Frequency, associated factors, and treatment of breaststroker's knee in competitive swimmers
Authors: Rovere George D. , Nichols Andrew W. 
Published: June 2007

Thirty-six competitive breaststroke swimmers were in terviewed and examined for knee pain specifically re lated to the breaststroke kick. Eighty-six percent of the subjects had a history of at least one episode of breast stroke knee pain, while 47.2% had breaststroke knee pain that occurred at least once a week. There was a significant relationship between more frequent knee pain and increasing swimmer's age, increasing years of competitive swimming, increasing breaststroke train ing distance, and decreasing warm-up distance. The subjects with frequent knee pain were found to have less internal rotation at the hip joint. The most common site of breaststroke knee pain was the medial portion of the knee, with specific sites differing among the individuals. The medial synovial plica syndrome may be a cause of breaststroke knee pain, since 47% of subjects with weekly knee pain had tender, thickened medial plicae. Palpation of those pli cae produced pain similar to that experienced with the breaststroke kick. The findings in this study suggest that reducing or eliminating breaststroke training distance should be an initial measure in treatment. Applications of ice, changes in kick technique, stretching exercises to in crease hip rotation, and administration of aspirin may also be effective. The breaststroke training distance should be increased very gradually in the early season, and warm-up distance should be adequate to help prevent the symptoms of breaststroker's knee.
A comparison of athletic mouthguard materials
Authors: Chaconas Spiro J. , Caputo Angelo A. , Bakke Niles K. 
Published: June 2007

The development of protective mouthguards resulted from extensive injuries during participation in contact sports. This has produced a dramatic decrease in the incidence of injuries to the orofacial complex. Numerous materials and techniques have been used for mouth guard fabrication. The purpose of this investigation was to make an in vivo comparison of various thermoplastic mouthguard materials. Mouthguards were fabricated upon maxillary models of 40 members of the UCLA football team. The mouth guards were made of the following materials: (1) poly (vinyl acetate-ethylene) copolymer clear thermoplastic; (2) polyurethane; and (3) laminated thermoplastic. Eleven measurements were taken for each mouthguard to demonstrate dimensional changes that occurred with wear. Statistical analyses determined differences be tween the types of mouthguards. The clear thermoplastic revealed less dimensional change than the polyurethane material. The laminated thermoplastic showed significantly less dimensional change than the other materials tested.
Arthroscopic treatment of osteochondral lesions of the talus
Authors: Parisien J. Serge 
Published: June 2007

A retrospective study of the arthroscopic treatment of transchondral fractures of the talar dome in 18 patients was conducted. Followup ranged from 3 months to 3 years; 10 patients had an average followup of 2 years (Group A) and 8 of 6.5 months (Group B). The 10 male and 8 female patients ranged in age from 14 to 40 years. Thirteen lesions were posteromedial while five were anterolateral. Fourteen of the 18 patients reported an inversion type injury to the ankle from playing various sports on weekends. One patient had a bimalleolar fracture of the ankle sustained in a car accident 18 months prior to referral, while the last patient in the series had a bilateral fracture of the os calcis from a work-related falling incident. All patients underwent conservative care for at least 4 months prior to referral. Arthroscopic treatment consisted of partial synovec tomy, debridement of osteochondral lesions with re moval of loose fragments, curettage, abrasion, and, in one case, drilling. For analysis of postoperative management, patients were divided into two groups, 10 with the 2 year followup comprising Group A and the 8 with the 6.5 month followup in Group B. Group A was nonweight bearing for 6 weeks while Group B was ambulatory 2 weeks postoperatively. Group A was fully ambulatory when the 6 week nonweightbearing period expired. All patients had a full range of motion at the time of suture removal (1 week to 10 days). Both groups were evalu ated objectively and subjectively. Excellent or good results were obtained in 88% of the patients. One patient whose bimalleolar fracture of 18 months prior to referral was treated with plaster, but without achiev ing anatomical reduction, had a poor result. Complica tions were minimal: a broken ring curette was easily retrieved during one procedure, and a suture abscess cleared up with removal of the suture. This study suggested that even in chronic lesions, arthroscopic surgery can yield a high percentage of excellent or good results with minimal morbidity, brief hospitalization, and a rapid recovery time for the patient by avoiding long skin incisions and deep soft tissue dissections, grooving of the distal tibia, or osteotomy of the medial malleolus.
Surgical repair of Achilles tendon ruptures
Authors: Beskin James L. , Sanders Richard A. , Hunter Stephen C. , Hughston Jack C. 
Published: June 2007

We evaluated the surgical results of 42 consecutive patients with spontaneous rupture of the Achilles ten don treated from 1973 to 1984 to determine the causes of rupture and to evaluate our treatment methods. Patients were divided into early and late repair groups and their charts reviewed to determine common clinical features. A new method of repair with early functional range of motion exercises before casting was used and compared to other techniques in common use. Thirty- one patients were contacted for long-term followup (average, 4.7 years). Twenty-three of these patients returned for intensive reevaluation and Cybex testing. We found a high incidence of gout (14.3%) and previous steroid injections (7.1 %) in our patients. Good results were obtained from the four surgical methods used. There were no reruptures and only 7% of the patients experienced minor wound problems. Patients treated with early functional range of motion exercises averaged 12.5° more dorsiflexion at the time of cast removal and did not require adjunctive protective de vices. Long-term results, however, revealed equilibra tion of range of motion and near normal function in all repair techniques with 88% of all patients returning to preinjury activity levels.
Hematuria and microalbuminuria after a 100 kilometer race
Authors: Alvarez Concha , Mir Judit , Obaya Silvia , Fragoso Mirian 
Published: June 2007

An investigation into hematuria and microalbuminuria induced by prolonged physical exercise was carried out by studying 26 runners who took part in a 100 km race by collecting urine samples before, after the race, and 24 hours later. Microscopic hematuria was present in two runners before the race. After this strenuous ex ercise there was macroscopic hematuria in five runners (19.2%) and microscopic hematuria in nine (34.6%). On examination by phase contrast microscopy there were neither dysmorphic erytrocytes nor red cell casts. Al buminuria was measured by radial immunodiffusion and was expressed as Ualb/U creat and Ualb/Uosm ratios. Clinical albuminuria was found in five runners with macroscopic hematuria, and microalbuminuria in 13 of the 21 re mainders ; in 6 of them it was associated with micro scopic hematuria. Twenty-four hours later all of the results were normal with the exception of the five runners who have had macroscopic hematuria and another one with microalbuminuria without hematuria. We conclude that determination of albumin excretion in runners after exercise should be made as well as hematuria, and particular attention should be paid to cases of severe and/or prolonged microalbuminuria, since such individuals may be at risk of renal disease.
Anterior cruciate ligament injuries in the young athlete with open physes
Authors: McCarroll John R. , Rettig Arthur C. , Shelbourne K. Donald 
Published: June 2007

From 1980 to 1985, 40 patients under the age of 14 with open physes were treated for midsubstance tears of the ACL at the Methodist Sports Medicine Center. In this series, 16 were treated conservatively with re habilitation, bracing, and counseling on activity modifi cation. The remaining 24 patients underwent arthros copic examination and either an extraarticular or intra articular reconstruction based on growth potential. The average followup was 27 months for the con servative group and 26 months for the surgical group. In the conservative group, six patients underwent ar throscopy for meniscal tears, four medial and two lat eral. Only seven patients returned to sports, all experi encing recurrent episodes of giving way, effusions, and pain. In the surgical group, 12 medial and 6 lateral meniscal tears were found at arthroscopy. There were 10 ex traarticular reconstructions and 14 intraarticular recon structions. All 24 returned to sports activity, and 22 of the 24 are still competing. The two remaining patients both suffered reinjury 3 years after their surgery. We recommend arthroscopy and examination under anesthesia for the young patient with ACL tears. Based on the amount of instability, presence or absence of meniscal tears, and athletic desires of the patient and his or her family, a treatment plan can be undertaken.
Study of the infrapatellar nerve
Authors: Arthornthurasook Art , Gaew-Im Kasem 
Published: June 2007

During operations on the knee, such as open menis cectomy and pes anserinus transplant for chronic an teromedial rotatory instability of the knee, the infrapa tellar nerve may easily be damaged or severed. Knowl edge of the normal anatomical variations of this nerve is thus of importance to the surgeon, so that he can avoid postoperative distress caused by unintentional injury to the infrapatellar nerve. Anatomical variations of this nerve have been studied in 20 cadavers, with particular reference to its relation ship to the sartorius and the nerve's distance from the medial femoral epicondyle. In 52.9% of the cadavers studied, the anatomy of the infrapatellar nerve was identical on both sides. Four types of nerve were found and classified according to their relationship to the sartorius: posterior, penetrating, parallel, and anterior. The commonest type was the posterior (62.2%), where the nerve emerged at the posterior border of the sar torius before passing superficial to it to supply the skin and fascia over the front and medial aspect of the knee and the proximal part of the leg. Situated furthest from the medial femoral epicondyle was the parallel type (average, 105.7 mm), which runs parallel to the poste rior border of the sartorius before crossing it at infra patellar level.
The Mumford procedure in athletes
Authors: Cook Frank F. , Tibone James E. 
Published: June 2007

No report in the English literature exists on objective muscle testing following the Mumford procedure (distal clavicular resection). Twenty-three athletes, including six at the professional level, were evaluated an average 3.7 years after the Mumford procedure was performed for degenerative changes after a Grade I or Grade II dislocation. All athletes were evaluated with an in depth questionnaire, physical examination, and radiographic study. Seventeen performed Cybex testing of both shoulders. All but one were satisfied with the surgery. Sixteen returned to their same level of sports activity, including five of the six professional athletes. The most common complaint of all those not achieving the pre vious level of sports was the inability to achieve their previous maximum bench press strength. All athletes demonstrated full motion; five exhibited painless crepitation at the acromioclavicular joint. Ten of the twenty-three exhibited increased horizontal clavicular motion. Radiographs demonstrated an aver age of 1.9 cm of bone resection, with varying amounts of ossification present between the remaining clavicle and acromion in eight athletes. The involved limb performed significantly more work than the sound limb in flexion (P = 0.0133) and internal rotation (P = 0.0575) at 300 deg/sec. The involved limb performed significantly more repetitions at 300 deg/sec than the sound limb in the extension plane (P = 0.0373). The sound limb was significantly stronger during ex tension (P = 0.0759) and flexion (P = 0.0063) at 60 deg/sec compared to the involved limb. The sound limb performed significantly more total repetitions at 300 deg/sec in the abduction-adduction plane than the in volved limb (P = 0.0843). The effect of limb dominance on upper extremity strength is reviewed. The authors conclude that the Mumford procedure produced excellent subjective re sults. The majority of the athletes achieved preinjury performance levels after initial clavicle resection for degenerative changes following Grade I or II sprains. While slow speed Cybex testing demonstrated some weakness, faster speed testing showed little or no weakness in fatigue of the involved shoulder.