bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Can machine learning models provide accurate fertilizer recommendations?
Authors: Tanaka Takashi S. T. , Heuvelink Gerard B. M. , Mieno Taro , Bullock David S. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAccurate modeling of site-specific crop yield response is key to providing farmers with accurate site-specific economically optimal input rates (EOIRs) recommendations. Many studies have demonstrated that machine learning models can accurately predict yield. These models have also been used to analyze the effect of fertilizer application rates on yield and derive EOIRs. But models with accurate yield prediction can still provide highly inaccurate input application recommendations. This study quantified the uncertainty generated when using machine learning methods to model the effect of fertilizer application on site-specific crop yield response. The study uses real on-farm precision experimental data to evaluate the influence of the choice of machine learning algorithms and covariate selection on yield and EOIR prediction. The crop is winter wheat, and the inputs considered are a slow-release basal fertilizer NPK 25–6–4 and a top-dressed fertilizer NPK 17–0–17. Random forest, XGBoost, support vector regression, and artificial neural network algorithms were trained with 255 sets of covariates derived from combining eight different soil properties. Results indicate that both the predicted EOIRs and associated gained profits are highly sensitive to the choice of machine learning algorithm and covariate selection. The coefficients of variation of EOIRs derived from all possible combinations of covariate selection ranged from 13.3 to 31.5% for basal fertilization and from 14.2 to 30.5% for top-dressing. These findings indicate that while machine learning can be useful for predicting site-specific crop yield levels, it must be used with caution in making fertilizer application rate recommendations.
Floating-Point Quantization Analysis of Multi-Layer Perceptron Artificial Neural Networks
Authors: Al-Rikabi Hussein , Renczes Balázs 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe impact of quantization in Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) is presented in this paper. In this architecture, the constant increase in size and the demand to decrease bit precision are two factors that contribute to the significant enlargement of quantization errors. We introduce an analytical tool that models the propagation of Quantization Noise Power (QNP) in floating-point MLP ANNs. Contrary to the state-of-the-art approach, which compares the exact and quantized data experimentally, the proposed algorithm can predict the QNP theoretically when the effect of operation quantization and Coefficient Quantization Error (CQE) are considered. This supports decisions in determining the required precision during the hardware design. The algorithm is flexible in handling MLP ANNs of user-defined parameters, such as size and type of activation function. Additionally, a simulation environment is built that can perform each operation on an adjustable bit precision. The accuracy of the QNP calculation is verified with two publicly available benchmarked datasets, using the default precision simulation environment as a reference.
Native ants vary in their use of seeds from a recently introduced myrmecochorous exotic plant
Authors: Sosiak Christine , Timonera John Paul , Velasco Felipe , Raithby Adrianna , McLean Mary Ann 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMyrmecochory is a common mutualism between ants and plants benefiting both partners: ants obtain a nutrient-rich food source, while plants enjoy a host of benefits ranging from enhanced dispersal to protected germination sites. However, this mutualism can be exploited by invasive myrmecochores, where native ants spread invasive plant seeds, possibly to the detriment of native plant assemblages. With the recent introduction of a potentially invasive myrmecochorous plant (Thesium ramosum) in Alberta, Canada, we tested ant interest in T. ramosum. To evaluate both general interest in T. ramosum as a food source, and preference for T. ramosum over other food sources, we collected colonies of four commonly occurring native Formica species and conducted seed removal trials and food preference trials. We then evaluated interest in and preference for T. ramosum seeds through assessing mean rate of seed removal and food item removal, total number of seeds and food items removed, and trends in seed and food item removal through time. We found that while all ant species tested showed interest in T. ramosum, interest level varied among species, and additional factors such as colony size and presence of host species in socially parasitic species influenced interest in T. ramosum. Considering native ant interest in T. ramosum as a food source, it seems plausible that Formica species may act as a dispersal vector for T. ramosum, potentially enhancing its invasiveness.
Do we really need a new definition of dyslexia? A commentary
Authors: Snowling Maggie , Hulme Charles 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWe provide a commentary on current debates about the definition of dyslexia. We agree with others that dyslexia is best thought of as a dimensional disorder with the best established causal risk factor being a deficit in phonological processing. Dyslexia is particularly common in children from families with a history of dyslexia and in children with preschool language difficulties. We argue that definitions may differ depending upon their purpose. Traditional discrepancy definitions may be useful for research purposes, but when considering the provision of educational services discrepancy definitions are not useful since all children with reading difficulties require reading intervention regardless of their level of IQ.
The dark side of the moon? Fintech and financial stability
Authors: Cevik Serhan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractRapid advances in digital technology are revolutionizing the financial landscape. The rise of fintech has the potential to make financial systems more efficient and competitive and broaden financial inclusion. With greater technological complexity, however, fintech also poses potential systemic risks. In this paper, I use a novel dataset to trace the development of fintech (excluding cryptocurrencies) and empirically assess its impact on financial stability in a panel of 198 countries over the period 2012–2020. The analysis provides interesting insights into how fintech correlates with financial stability: (1) the impact magnitude and statistical significance of fintech depend on the type of instrument (digital lending vs. digital capital raising); (2) the overall effect of all fintech instruments together turns out to be negative because of the overwhelming share of digital lending in total, albeit statistically insignificant; and (3) while digital capital raising is estimated to have a positive effect on financial stability in advanced economies, its effect is negative in developing countries. Fintech is still small compared to traditional institutions, but rapidly expanding in riskier segments of the financial sector and creating new challenges for policymakers.
Hydrogeochemical conditions of submarine and terrestrial karst sulfur springs in the Northern Adriatic
Authors: Šušmelj Kaja , Čenčur Curk Barbara , Kanduč Tjaša , Rožič Boštjan , Verbovšek Timotej , Vreča Polona , Žagar Klara , Žvab Rožič Petra 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSubmarine springs near Izola, in the Northern Adriatic Sea, appear in funnel-shaped depressions and smell strongly of sulfur. Along the Mediterranean coast there are many submarine karst springs containing brackish or fresh water, but submarine sulfur springs are not particularly common. Three submarine sulfur springs and one terrestrial sulfur spring were investigated to better understand the water properties, water–rock interaction within the aquifer, and to explore the origin of the spring water. Groundwater and seawater samples were also collected for comparison. Based on the geological setting, physicochemical parameters, hydrogeochemical data, and stable isotope data (δ18O, δ2H, δ13CDIC, δ34SSO4, δ18OSO4), we can affirm that (1) the large concentration of seawater in the submarine springs samples is due to sampling challenges; (2) springs recharge from precipitation where confined karst aquifers outcrop; (3) deep water circulation is indicated; (4) redox conditions can provide a suitable environment for bacterial reduction of the marine or organic sulfate to the odorous H2S; (5) geological data suggests that the coals beneath the alveolinic-nummulitic limestones are the source of sulfur. A multi-parameter and interdisciplinary approach has proven important in assessing submarine sulfur springs affected by seawater input.
Examining Mental Health Benefits of a Brief Online Mindfulness Intervention: A Randomised Controlled Trial
Authors: Barcaccia Barbara , Medvedev Oleg N. , Pallini Susanna , Mastandrea Stefano , Fagioli Sabrina 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Objectives
The objective of this study is to assess the effectiveness of a brief online mindfulness intervention in reducing depression, rumination, and trait anxiety among university students.

Method
The sample consisted of 486 participants including 205 (42%) in the experimental group and 281 (58%) in the control group. For a period of 28 days, participants in the experimental group engaged in daily mindfulness meditation during their free time. Additionally, they practised mindfulness meditation once a week during regular class hours. The control group was involved in regular class activities without practising mindfulness. The outcomes were assessed at pre- and post-intervention using well-validated measures of mindfulness, depression, rumination, and trait anxiety. The data were analysed using mixed-model ANCOVA while controlling for baseline mindfulness levels as co-variates.

Results
Our results demonstrated the effectiveness of a brief online mindfulness intervention in reducing depression, rumination, and trait anxiety of university students. Moreover, higher baseline mindfulness levels predicted better effectiveness of the brief online mindfulness intervention at an individual level and were inversely linked to depression, trait anxiety, and rumination.

Conclusions
This study conclusively demonstrated that a brief online mindfulness intervention significantly reduces depression, rumination, and trait anxiety among university students, with reductions observed in specific measures of these conditions, highlighting the role of initial mindfulness levels in moderating outcomes. These findings underscore the effectiveness of brief online mindfulness programs in mitigating mental health issues in a university setting and the importance of baseline psychological states in intervention outcomes.

Preregistration
This study is not preregistered
Effect of social media sentiment on donations received by NPOS
Authors: Gandía Juan L. , Huguet David 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Previous literature has analyzed the effect of internet disclosure on NPO donations, specifically, through website disclosure, showing a positive relation between internet disclosure and NPO income. Nonetheless, there is a lack of studies examining the association between sentiment on social media and NPO donations. Therefore, the aim of this study is to examine the effect that sentiment in Twitter messages has on the donations received by NPOs. Using a sample of NPOs listed on the Non-Profit Times 100, we examine whether the sentiment transmitted by the NPOs through Twitter affects their donations. The results show that the sentiment associated with certain specific categories of messages (community messages and information messages about matters not directly related to the NPO) has a significant effect on the amount of donations received.
A SICE (Società Italiana di Chirurgia Endoscopica e Nuove Tecnologie) observational prospective multicenter study on anatomical variants of the superior mesenteric artery: intraoperative analysis during laparoscopic right hemicolectomy—CoDIG 2 database (ColonDx Italian Group)
Authors: Anania G. , Campagnaro A. , Chiozza M. , Randolph J. , Resta G. , Marino S. , Pedon S. , Agrusa A. , Cuccurullo D. , Cirocchi R. ,   SICE CoDIG (ColonDx Italian Group)
Published: March 2024

AbstractColorectal cancer, the third most common cancer worldwide, affects 40–45% of patients on the right side. Surgery, especially minimally invasive methods such as laparoscopic and robotic procedures, is the preferred treatment. However, these techniques present technical complications. The anatomical complexity and variations in vessel branching patterns pose challenges, particularly for less experienced surgeons. The CoDIG 2 is a nationwide observational study involving 76 specialized Italian general surgery departments focused on colorectal surgery. The centres were directed to maintain their standard surgical and clinical practices. The aim of this study was to analyse the intraoperative vascular anatomy of Italian patients who underwent laparoscopic right colectomy and explore the ligature techniques used by Italian surgeons. Surgeons reported information about vascularization of the right colon for 616 patients and about surgical anatomy of RCA for 368 patients. Fifty-three patients (10.8%) showed no RCA intraoperatively. The right colic artery (RCA) was categorized according to the Yada classification (types 1–4) during evaluation, and intraoperative assessments revealed that Yada type 1 was the most common type (55.2%), while radiologic evaluations revealed a higher prevalence of type 2. Furthermore, compared with the superior mesenteric vein (SMV), the RCA is more often located anteriorly according to intraoperative and contrast-enhanced CT examination; 59.9% were found in the anterior position during intraoperative examination, while 40.1% were found in the same position on preoperative contrast-enhanced CT. Vascularization of the right colon, including missing branches, additional branches, shared trunks, and retro-superior courses of the mesenteric vein, exhibited notable variations. To understand vascular variations, a preoperative radiological study is necessary; although there was no concordance between the intraoperative and radiological evaluations, this is a limitation of preinterventional radiological evaluation (PII) because it is always needed for oncological staging. This approach is especially critical for inexperienced surgeons to avoid potential complications, such as problematic bleeding.
“O.R. GOES GREEN”: a first step toward reducing our carbon footprint in the operating room and hospital
Authors: Leone Nicola , Scozzari Gitana , Olandese Francesco , Horeman Tim , Passera Roberto , Arezzo Alberto , Morino Mario 
Published: March 2024

AbstractHospitals in Europe produce approximately 6 million tons of medical waste annually, about one-third of this originating in operating rooms. Most of it is solid waste, which can be recycled if bodily fluids do not contaminate it. Only 2–3% of hospital waste must be disposed of as infectious waste, and this is much lower than the 50–70% of garbage in the biohazard waste stream. In June 2021, at the main operating room of the Department of General Surgery of the University of Turin, we began a separate collection program for materials consisting of plastic, paper, TNT (material not contaminated by bodily fluids), and biohazardous waste. We calculated the number of boxes and the weight of special waste disposed produced every month in one operating room for 18 months. The monthly number of Sanibox and the monthly weight of biohazardous waste decreased during the observation period. The reduction trend was not constant but showed variations during the 18 months. Direct proportionality between number of low-complexity procedures and production of biohazardous waste was found (p = 0.050). We observed an optimization in the collection and filling of plastic, paper and TNT boxes separated and sent for recycling. One of the barriers to recycling hospital waste, and surgical waste in particular, is the failure to separate infectious waste from clean waste. A careful separate collection of waste in the operating room is the first step in reducing environmental pollution and management costs for the disposal of hospital waste.
Pilonidal sinus: an overview of historical and current management modalities
Authors: Tam Adrian , Steen Christopher J. , Chua Jonathan , Yap Raymond J. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPilonidal disease is a common condition that commonly affects the younger adult population and is often seen in both the general practice and the hospital setting. Multiple treatment methods have gained and lost popularity over the last several decades, but more recent intervention principles show promising results. This article details the different methods of managing acute and chronic pilonidal disease ranging from treatments in the primary care setting to those in hospital theatres, with special attention to newer modalities of minimally invasive interventions. As a chronic illness that often affects those of working age, pilonidal disease can confer significant morbidity especially, but not limited to, a substantial amount of time off work. Treatment of chronic disease in particular, has evolved from midline techniques to off-midline techniques, with more recent developments offering promising solutions to reduce acute flare ups and hasten recovery time.
The intracellular visualization of exogenous DNA in fluorescence microscopy
Authors: Greitens Christina , Leroux Jean-Christophe , Burger Michael 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn the development of non-viral gene delivery vectors, it is essential to reliably localize and quantify transfected DNA inside the cell. To track DNA, fluorescence microscopy methods are commonly applied. These mostly rely on fluorescently labeled DNA, DNA binding proteins fused to a fluorescent protein, or fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). In addition, co-stainings are often used to determine the colocalization of the DNA in specific cellular compartments, such as the endolysosomes or the nucleus. We provide an overview of these DNA tracking methods, advice on how they should be combined, and indicate which co-stainings or additional methods are required to draw precise conclusions from a DNA tracking experiment. Some emphasis is given to the localization of exogenous DNA inside the nucleus, which is the last step of DNA delivery. We argue that suitable tools which allow for the nuclear detection of faint signals are still missing, hampering the rational development of more efficient non-viral transfection systems.
Graphical abstract
The intracellular visualization of exogenous DNA in fluorescence microscopy. Created with BioRender.com.
Multi-wavelength Fluorescence Monitoring of Faecal Contamination in Waters: A Laboratory-based Quantification
Authors: Offenbaume Kane L. , Bertone Edoardo , Chen Dechao , Li Qin , Stratton Helen , Stewart Rodney A. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractNear real-time monitoring of faecal indicator bacteria (FIB) in waters is currently not feasible, and current monitoring methods require field sampling and laboratory testing that inhibits decision-making within a relevant timeframe. While recent studies identified the potential of using specific fluorescence regions for FIB monitoring, sufficient accuracy often requires site-specific calibration due to minor variations in fluorescence peak locations. In this study, a series of lab experiments were completed to address some of the selectivity issues. Specifically, the study explored correlations between wavelength-specific fluorescence signals acquired through fluorescence excitation-emission matrices (EEM) and the amount of E. coli K-12 (E. coli) and E. faecalis (enterococci) in exponential and stationary phase broth cultures. Subsequently, the experiments quantified how the addition of known concentrations of L-tryptophan amplifies an indole pulse, specifically its concentration and the corresponding fluorescence properties. Results show unique peak excitation/emission (λex/λem) wavelengths (± 5 nm) in EEMs for E. coli cell pellet and in M9 broth (~ 280/ ~ 327 nm), enterococci cell pellet (~ 276/ ~ 324 nm), L-tryptophan (~ 278/ ~ 343 nm and ~ 298/ ~ 344 nm), and indole (~ 232/ ~ 321 nm). The findings demonstrate that L-tryptophan concentrations in E. coli broth were reduced. At the same time, the indole content increased throughout the initiation phase to the stationary phase of the bacteria growth curve, with the peak indole pulse occurring approximately at the time of transition from the exponential to stationary phase. Such unique fluorescence signatures for not only FIB but also indole (whose pulse can be triggered by L-tryptophan) provide foundations for developing reliable and near real-time in situ FIB sensors.
Optimized Bioleaching Pre-treatment of UG-2 PGM Flotation Concentrate Using Design of Experiments
Authors: Shemi A. , Chipise L. , Yah C. S. , Kumar A. , Moodley S. , Rumbold K. , Simate G. , Ndlovu S. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe depletion of the Merensky ore has led the South African platinum industry into largely mining and processing Upper Group Two (UG-2) ore for the extraction of Platinum Group Metals (PGMs). However, the processing of the UG-2 material is not fully amenable to the conventional pyrometallurgical route due to the high chrome content. Therefore, in this study, a bio-based process for base metal extraction from UG-2 flotation concentrates was investigated. This study represents only part of the work done in a broader investigation to develop a completely biological two-stage process for the extraction of base metals and PGEs. In this paper, only the first stage of the process is presented. This study evaluated a mixture of indigenous thermoacidophile archaebacteria namely, Acidianus brierleyi, Sulfolobus sp., and Metallosphaera sedula. A statistical Design of Experiments (DOE) was used for finding optimal conditions. Factors investigated included particle size, pH, pulp density, inoculum dosage, and temperature. Optimal extraction efficiencies of 92% for Co, 97% for Cu, and 99% for Ni were predicted at correlation coefficients of 92.5%, 93.2%, and 88.0%, respectively, thus, verifying the fitness of the model. Optimal base metal extractions obtained were 99.3% for Co, 90.1% for Cu, 41.58% for Fe, and 99.5% for Ni. The results showed a substantial extraction of base metals from UG-2 PGM flotation concentrate suggesting a potentially feasible option for industrial bioprocessing of PGM concentrates. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report on bioleaching of base metals from UG-2 flotation concentrates.
Graphical Abstract
Generalized Derivatives and Optimality Conditions in Nonconvex Optimization
Authors: Yalcin Gulcin Dinc , Kasimbeyli Refail 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we study the radial epiderivative notion for nonconvex functions, which extends the (classical) directional derivative concept. The paper presents new definition and new properties for this notion and establishes relationships between the radial epiderivative, the Clarke’s directional derivative, the Rockafellar’s subderivative and the directional derivative. The radial epiderivative notion is used to establish new regularity conditions without convexity conditions. The paper presents explicit formulations for computing the radial epiderivatives in terms of weak subgradients and vice versa. We also present an iterative algorithm for approximate computing of radial epiderivatives and show that the algorithm terminates in a finite number of iterations. The paper analyzes necessary and sufficient conditions for global optimums in nonconvex optimization via the radial epiderivatives. We formulate a necessary and sufficient condition for a global descent direction for radially epidifferentiable nonconvex functions. All the properties and theorems presented in this paper are illustrated and interpreted on examples.