bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New epoxy/silica‐titania hybrid materials prepared by the sol–gel process
Authors: Lu Shaorong , Zhang Hailiang , Zhao Caixian , Wang Xiayu 
Published: April 2006

AbstractA new type of inorganic‐polymer hybrid materials of epoxy/silica‐titania had been prepared by incorporating grafted epoxy, which had been synthesized by epoxy and tetraethoxysilane (TEOS), with highly reactive TEOS and tetrabutyltitanate (TBT) by using the in situ sol–gel process. The grafted epoxy was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR) and 1H‐NMR spectroscopic technique. Results of FT‐IR spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM) demonstrated that epoxy chains have been covalently bonded to the surface of the SiO2‐TiO2 particles. The particles size of SiO2‐TiO2 are about 20–50 nm, as characterized by AFM. The experimental results showed that the glass‐transition temperatures and the modulus of the modified systems were higher than that of the unmodified system, and the impact strength was enhanced by two to three times compared with that of the neat epoxy. The morphological structure of impact fracture surface and the surface of the hybrid materials were observed by scanning electron microscopy and AFM, respectively. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 101: 1075–1081, 2006
Studies on mechanical, thermal, and morphology of diglycidylether‐terminated polydimethylsiloxane‐modified epoxy–bismaleimide matrices
Authors: Kumar R. Suresh , Alagar M. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractAn epoxy matrix system modified by diglycidylether‐terminated polydimethylsiloxane (DGETPDMS) and bismaleimide (BMI) was developed. Epoxy systems modified with 4, 8, and 12% (by wt) of DGETPDMS were made using epoxy resin and DGETPDMS, with diaminodiphenylmethane as the curing agent. The DGETPDMS‐toughened epoxy systems were further modified with 4, 8, and 12% (by wt) of BMI, namely (N,N′‐bismaleimido‐4,4′‐diphenylmethane). DGETPDMS/BMI/epoxy matrices were characterized using differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, and heat deflection temperature analysis. The matrices, in the form of castings, were characterized for their mechanical properties, viz. tensile strength, flexural strength, and impact test, as per ASTM methods. Mechanical studies indicate that the introduction of DGETPDMS into epoxy resin improves the impact strength, with reduction in tensile strength, flexural strength, and glass transition temperature, whereas the incorporation of BMI into epoxy resin enhances the mechanical and thermal properties according to its percentage content. However, the introduction of both DGETPDMS and BMI enhances the values of thermomechanical properties according to their percentage content. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 101: 668–674, 2006
Complex coacervation of the gelatin–poly(acrylic acid) system
Authors: Mathieu F. , Ugazio S. , Carnelle G. , Duciní Y. , Legrand J. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe system gelatin–poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) undergoes not only complex coacervation but also flocculation. The latter is incompatible with an encapsulation process. pH adjustment rate, ionic strength, temperature, and total macromolecular concentration have been studied to understand the origin of flocculation and to obtain a set of optimized parameters for coacervation using on‐line turbidimetric titration. State diagrams were built, by varying gelatin/PAA mass ratio (R) and pH, for different PAA molar mass, which gave occurrence conditions of flocculation and coacervation. Flocculation can be avoided without significant yield decrease by pH adjustment. On the other hand, a modification of ratio (R) affects both coacervation yield and coacervate phase concentration. Spectrophotometric titration reveals a relative independence of the effective ratio within the coacervate and the initial mixing ratio before reaction. Conclusions are made concerning the use of this couple in an encapsulation process. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 101: 708–714, 2006
Polymerization products of acrylic acid with Gleditsia triacanthos gum as thickeners for reactive printing
Authors: Hebeish A. A. , Ragheb A. A. , Nassar S. H. , Allam E. E. , El Thalouth J. I. Abd 
Published: April 2006

AbstractGlactomannan gum was isolated from Gleditsia triacanthos seeds. It was then subjected to polymerization with acrylic acid using potassium persulfate initiation system. Products of the polymerization reactions are referred to as composites. Technical evaluation of the latter as thickening agent in reactive printing using cotton fabric was studied. The use of composite in printing cotton fabric with natural dye was also studied. It was found that the composite pastes are characterized by a non‐Newtonian pseudoplastic behavior, and their apparent viscosity increases on increasing the concentration of acrylic acid. The composite can be diluted by water and its viscosity increases by neutralization. Printing pastes of the composite are very stable for storing, in contrast with those of natural gum which exhibit no stability for storing. It was also found that reactive prints thickened with the composite display relatively higher K/S than those thickened with native gum do. Meanwhile, K/S values of prints thickened with the composite are comparable with the values of those thickened with sodium alginate. Printed fabrics using the composite as a thickener exhibit soft handle, and their overall fastness properties are almost equal to, if not higher than, the properties of those printed using sodium alginate. On the other hand, printing of cotton fabric with a natural dye using the composite as a thickener results in prints with K/S values lower than those obtained using commercial synthetic thickener; but the overall fastness properties are nearly the same. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 101: 931–943, 2006
Surface designing of polypropylene by critical monitoring of the grafting conditions: Structural investigations
Authors: Anjum Nishat , Gupta Bhuvanesh , Riquet Anne Marie 
Published: April 2006

AbstractPolypropylene‐g‐polyacrylic acid copolymers were prepared by graft polymerization of acrylic acid onto polypropylene (PP) using electron beam preirradiation method. Samples with various graft levels were characterized by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X‐ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The physical structure of grafted PP was significantly affected by the graft content. While XPS revealed an increase in the oxygen content on the PP surface, the crystallinity of the graft copolymer decreased with an increase in the degree of grafting. The heat of fusion as obtained from DSC decreased with the increase in the degree of grafting and was ascribed to the dilution of inherent crystallinity by the incorporation of amorphous polyacrylic acid grafted chains. The thermal stability of graft copolymers was also enhanced as compared to the virgin PP. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 101: 772–778, 2006
Observing changes in nonlinear viscoelastic properties occurring throughout the vulcanization process
Authors: Leblanc Jean L. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractUsing a purposely modified Rubber Process Analyzer, a technique has been developed to record the complete torque signal during a vulcanization test, and to split it into a sequence of single oscillations, which are treated through Fourier transform calculations. Various EPDM‐based compounds were tested to investigate the capabilities of the technique. It was found that the progressive variation of the harmonic torque signal when vulcanization occurs reflects in singularities in the manner that all harmonic components vary during cure. Contrary to the main torque component (i.e., the torque amplitude) that exhibits a smooth variation as vulcanization proceeds, harmonic components exhibit sharp up and down changes at precise times that seem to be related to critical steps in the curing process. For instance, pair harmonic components passes through extremes (maximum or minimum) when scorch time is reached. Odd harmonic components show a singularity that is likely associated with the precise moment when the vulcanizing material passes from a still “liquid” state to an essentially “solid” one. This event does not coincide with the time for the maximum cure rate to be reached but occurs either before or after it, depending on the compound or the curing parameters. Such results support the view that rubber vulcanization presents some analogy with a nucleation process and underline the promising capabilities of the test technique. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 101: 1140–1150, 2006
A Facile Method for Oxidation of Primary Alcohols to Carboxylic Acids and Its Application in Glycosaminoglycan Syntheses
Authors: Huang Lijun , Teumelsan Nardos , Huang Xuefei 
Published: April 2006

AbstractA convenient two‐step, one‐pot procedure was developed for the conversion of primary alcohols to carboxylic acids. The alcohol was first treated with NaOCl and TEMPO under phase‐transfer conditions, followed by NaClO2 oxidation in one pot. This reaction is applicable to a wide range of alcohols and the mild reaction conditions are compatible with many sensitive functional groups, including electron‐rich aromatic rings, acid‐labile isopropylidene ketal and glycosidic linkages, and oxidation‐prone thioacetal, p‐methoxybenzyl, and allyl moieties. Several glycosaminoglycans such as heparin, chondroitin, and hyaluronic acid oligosaccharides have been synthesized in high yields by using this new oxidation protocol.
Benign Approaches for the Synthesis of Bis‐Imine Schiff Bases.
Authors: van den Ancker Tania R. , Cave Gareth W. V. , Raston Colin L. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Selective Diethylzinc Reduction of Imines in the Presence of Ketones Catalyzed by Ni(acac)2.
Authors: Xiao Xue , Wang Haowei , Huang Zhiyan , Yang Jun , Bian Xiaoxia , Qin Yong 
Published: April 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
L‐Proline Promoted Cross‐Coupling of Vinyl Bromide with Thiols Catalyzed by CuBr in Ionic Liquid.
Authors: Zheng Yunfa , Du Xingfen , Bao Weiliang 
Published: April 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Phosphorinanes as Ligands for Palladium‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling Chemistry.
Authors: Brenstrum Tim , Clattenburg Julie , Britten James , Zavorine Serguei , Dyck Jeff , Robertson Alan J. , McNulty James , Capretta Alfredo 
Published: April 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Rh(I)‐Catalyzed Mild Intramolecular [4 + 2] Cycloaddition Reactions of Ester‐Tethered Diene‐yne Compounds.
Authors: Saito Akio , Ono Takamitsu , Takahashi Arata , Taguchi Takeo , Hanzawa Yuji 
Published: April 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis and Structure—Activity Relationships of Novel Poly(ADP‐Ribose) Polymerase‐1 Inhibitors.
Authors: Tao Ming , Park Chung Ho , Bihovsky Ron , Wells Gregory J. , Husten Jean , Ator Mark A. , Hudkins Robert L. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of Novel 1‐Methyl‐1H‐pyridazino[3,4‐b]indoles.
Authors: Riedl Zsuzsanna , et al. et al. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Formation of Cyclic Sulfinates and Sulfinamides Through Homolytic Substitution at the Sulfur Atom.
Authors: Coulomb Julien , Certal Victor , Fensterbank Louis , Lacote Emmanuel , Malacria Max 
Published: April 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Generation of Cyclic Ketene‐N,X‐acetals (X: O, S) from 2‐Alkyl‐1,3‐oxazolines and 2‐Alkyl‐1,3‐thiazolines. Reactions with Acid Chlorides, 1,3‐Diacid Chlorides and N‐(Chlorocarbonyl) Isocyanate.
Authors: Zhou Aihua , Pittman Charles U. Jr. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Arylamination of 1,2,5‐Thiadiazol‐3‐yl Trifluoromethanesulfonate.
Authors: Pustovit Yu. M. , Alekseenko A. N. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Discovery of a Potent Phenolic N1‐Benzylidene—Pyridinecarboxamidrazone (I) Selective Against Gram‐Positive Bacteria.
Authors: Rathbone Daniel L. , Parker Katy J. , Coleman Michael D. , Lambert Peter A. , Billington David C. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Convenient Preparation of 2‐Aroyl‐3,3‐bis(alkylsulfanyl)acrylaldehydes and Their Application in the Synthesis of 5‐Aroyl‐2‐oxo‐1,2‐dihydro‐2‐pyridinecarbonitriles.
Authors: Anabha Engoor R. , Asokan Chittoorthekkathil V. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
SN2′ Reactions Between Lithiated Carbon Nucleophiles and Silylated Vinyloxiranes — Effects of Salts and Solvents on the Stereocontrol.
Authors: Marie Jean‐Charles , Courillon Christine , Malacria Max 
Published: April 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis and Biological Activities of Novel Dialkyl (4‐Trifluoromethylphenylamino)‐(4‐trifluoromethyl or 3‐fluorophenyl) Methylphosphonates.
Authors: Song Baoan , et al. et al. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Syntheses and Evaluation of Novel Fatty Acid Second‐Generation Taxoid Conjugates as Promising Anticancer Agents.
Authors: Kuznetsova Larissa , Chen Jin , Sun Liang , Wu Xinyuan , Pepe Antonella , Veith Jean M. , Pera Paula , Bernacki Ralph J. , Ojima Iwao 
Published: April 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Philinopsides A and B, Two New Sulfated Triterpene Glycosides from the Sea Cucumber Pentacta quadrangularis.
Authors: Yi Yang‐Hua , et al. et al. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Diastereoselective [3,2]‐Stevens and Sommelet—Hauser Rearrangements in the Dihydromethanodibenzoazocine Series.
Authors: Hanessian Stephen , Talbot Clement , Saravanan Parthasarathy 
Published: April 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Asymmetric Synthesis of Aerothionin, a Marine Dimeric Spiroisoxazoline Natural Product, Employing Optically Active Spiroisoxazoline Derivative.
Authors: Ogamino Takahisa , Obata Rika , Nishiyama Shigeru 
Published: April 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Semicarbazone‐Based Inhibitors of Cathepsin K, Are They Prodrugs for Aldehyde Inhibitors?
Authors: Deaton David N. , et al. et al. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Efforts Toward the Total Synthesis of Tubulysins: New Hopes for a More Effective Targeted Drug Delivery to Tumors
Authors: Neri Dario , Fossati Giacomo , Zanda Matteo 
Published: April 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
DNA Mismatch Repair: Functions and Mechanisms
Authors: Iyer Ravi R. , Pluciennik Anna , Burdett Vickers , Modrich Paul L. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Fluorine Chemistry at Central Glass
Authors: Katsuhara Yutaka , Aramaki Minoru , Ishii Akihiro , Kume Takashi , Kawashima Chikashi , Mitsumoto Seiichi 
Published: April 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Theoretical Approach to Explain Selectivity in Complex Heterogeneous Catalytic Reactions
Authors: Nieminen V. , Toukoniitty E. , Taskinen A. , Hotokka M. , Murzin D. Yu. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Phase II study of temozolomide plus pegylated interferon‐α‐2b for metastatic melanoma
Authors: Hwu Wen‐Jen , Panageas Katherine S. , Menell Jennifer H. , Lamb Lynne A. , Aird Suzan , Krown Susan E. , Williams Linda J. , Chapman Paul B. , Livingston Philip O. , Wolchok Jedd D. , Houghton Alan N. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractBACKGROUNDTemozolomide and interferon‐α‐2b (IFN‐α‐2b) are both active in melanoma. Therefore, the efficacy and safety of temozolomide in combination with pegylated IFN‐α‐2b in patients with metastatic melanoma without brain metastases was investigated.METHODSPatients with histologically confirmed, unresectable, American Joint Committee on Cancer Stage IV melanoma were enrolled in an open‐label, Phase II study. The primary endpoints were tumor response and safety. Patients received temozolomide (75 mg/m2/day × 6 weeks with a 2‐week break between cycles) plus concomitant subcutaneous pegylated IFN‐α‐2b (0.5 μg/kg/wk, continuously). Treatment was continued until unacceptable toxicity or disease progression occurred.RESULTSThirty‐five patients (median age, 55 years) with Stage IV melanoma and a median of 3 metastatic sites were enrolled and received a median of 1 cycle (i.e., 8 weeks) of therapy (range, 0‐6 cycles). Eleven patients (31%) (95% confidence interval, 16% to 47%) had an objective tumor response, including 3 with clinical complete response durations of 6 months, 20 months, and 32+ months and 8 with partial responses. Three patients with a partial or mixed response were subsequently rendered free of clinically detectable disease with surgery. The median survival was 12 months with a median follow‐up among survivors of 16 months. No patient developed brain metastases while receiving study treatment. Treatment was generally well tolerated. Hematologic toxicity consisted mainly of lymphopenia and leukopenia (National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria Grades 1‐3); no Grade 4 hematologic toxicity was observed.CONCLUSIONSThe combination of temozolomide plus pegylated IFN‐α‐2b had antitumor activity and was well tolerated in patients with metastatic melanoma. Therefore, further study is warranted. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
Targeting constitutive and interleukin‐6‐inducible signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 pathway in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cells by curcumin (diferuloylmethane)
Authors: Chakravarti Nitin , Myers Jeffrey N. , Aggarwal Bharat B. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractNumerous reports suggest that interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) promotes survival and proliferation of tumor cells through the phosphorylation of a cell‐signaling protein, signal‐transducer‐and‐activator‐of‐transcription‐3 (STAT3). Constitutive activation of STAT3 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and its role in proliferation of this tumor has been demonstrated. Thus, agents that can suppress STAT3 activation have potential for the treatment of HNSCC. In the present report, we demonstrate that most HNSCC cell lines had constitutively active STAT3 and that curcumin (diferuloylmethane), a pharmacologically safe agent in humans, inhibited STAT3 phosphorylation in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner. Nuclear translocation of STAT3 was also inhibited by curcumin. The inhibition of STAT3 activation by curcumin was reversible, although even 24 hr after curcumin removal, only partial reversal occurred. Besides inhibiting constitutive expression, curcumin also abrogated the IL‐6‐induced activation of STAT3 in HNSCC cells. When compared with AG490, a well‐characterized JAK2 inhibitor, curcumin was more rapid (30 min vs. 4 hr) and more potent (25 μM vs. 100 μM) inhibitor of STAT3 phosphorylation. Curcumin was also a more potent inhibitor of HNSCC cell proliferation than AG490. Overall, our results demonstrated that curcumin is a potent inhibitor of constitutive and IL‐6‐induced STAT3 phosphorylation. This mechanism may be at least partially responsible for curcumin's ability to suppress proliferation of HNSCC cells. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Self‐reported goiter is associated with a significantly increased risk of gastric noncardia adenocarcinoma in a large population‐based Chinese cohort
Authors: Abnet Christian C. , Fan Jin‐Hu , Kamangar Farin , Sun Xiu‐Di , Taylor Philip R. , Ren Jian‐Song , Mark Steven D. , Zhao Ping , Fraumeni Joseph F. , Qiao You‐Lin , Dawsey Sanford M. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractIodine is concentrated by the gastric mucosa, where it may act as an antioxidant. Therefore, iodine deficiency, and its sequelae goiter, may be associated with an increased risk of gastric cancer. We examined the association between self‐reported goiter and upper gastrointestinal cancer in a Chinese cohort of 29,584 adults. Using multivariate adjusted Cox models, we found goiter associated with a significantly increased risk of gastric noncardia adenocarcinoma, HR (95% CI) 2.04 (1.01, 4.11) and nonsignificantly with gastric cardia adenocarcinoma, HR (95% CI) 1.45 (0.91, 2.30). We also found a borderline, insignificant increased risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, HR (95% CI) 1.37 (0.97, 1.94). Our findings are consistent with the hypothesis that iodine deficiency is associated with an increased risk of gastric cancer. Published 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.