bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictors of delayed initiation of breast milk and exclusive breastfeeding in Ethiopia: A multi-level mixed-effect analysis
Authors: Abebe Gossa Fetene , Tilahun Menen , Tadesse Hana , Seid Abdu , Yigremachew Tariku , Birhanu Anteneh Messele , Girma Desalegn 
Published: April 2024

Background
Despite the well-established benefits of early initiation of breastfeeding and exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months to promote optimal neonatal and child health, evidence indicates that in Ethiopia, a significant number of newborns initiate breastfeeding late, do not adhere to exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) for the recommended duration, and instead are fed with bottles.

Objective
To determine the proportion of delayed initiation of breast milk, exclusive breastfeeding, and its individual and community-level predictors among mothers in Ethiopia.

Methods
A secondary data analysis was done using the 2019 Ethiopian Mini Demographic Health Survey data. We examined a weighted sample of 2,012 children born within the past 24 months and 623 children aged 0–5 months at the time of the survey. The data analysis was done using STATA version 15. To understand the variation in delayed initiation and exclusive breastfeeding, statistical measures such as the Intraclass correlation coefficient, median odds ratio, and proportional change in variance were calculated. We employed a multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression model to identify predictors for each outcome variable. Statistical significance was determined with a p-value < 0.05.

Results
The proportion of delayed initiation of breast milk and exclusive breastfeeding were 24.56 and 84.5%, respectively. Women aged 34–49 years old (AOR = 0.33: 95% CI; 0.15–0.72), having a television in the house (AOR = 0.74: 95%CI; 0.33–0.97), delivered by cesarean section (AOR = 3.83: 95% CI; 1.57–9.32), and resided in the Afar regional state (AOR = 1.43: 95%CI; 1.03–12.7) were significantly associated with delayed initiation of breast milk. On the other hand, attended primary education (AOR = 0.67: 95%CI; 0.35–0.99), secondary education (AOR = 0.34: 95%CI; 0.19–0.53), women whose household headed by male (AOR = 0.68; 95% CI; 0.34–0.97), and rural residents (AOR = 1.98: 95%CI; 1.09–3.43) were significantly associated with exclusive breastfeeding practice.

Conclusion
Health promotion efforts that encourage timely initation of breast milk and promote EBF, focused on young mothers, those who gave birth through cesarean section, and those residing in urban and the Afar regional state. Furthermore, government health policymakers and relevant stakeholders should consider these identified predictors when revising existing strategies or formulating new policies.
The effectiveness of the buddy program training module to enhance the daily living function, social participation and emotional status of older adults in residential aged care homes
Authors: Asmuri Siti Noraini , Kadar Masne , Razaob Nor Afifi , Chui Chai Siaw , Mohd Rasdi Hanif Farhan 
Published: April 2024

Background
The Compeer Model, which was originally designed to match individuals recovering from mental illness with volunteers from their community, served as the basis for the development of the buddy program. However, limited research was available related to the buddy program among older adults in a Malaysian context.

Aim
The study aimed to identify the effectiveness of the buddy program training module to enhance the daily living function, social participation and emotional status of older adults in residential aged care homes.

Methods
A quasi-experimental study was conducted with 30 pairs of buddies and older adults for both the experimental group and control group in two randomly selected residential aged care homes. The buddies in the experimental group received the buddy program training module related to activities of daily living (basic and instrumental) while the buddy-older adults pairs in the control group continued to perform their usual daily life activities in residential aged care homes. Baselines were performed before intervention and at eight weeks post-intervention.

Results
Over the eight weeks, for the older adults in the experimental group, there was a significant main effect of time after the intervention on BADL (p = 0.010). There were no significant interaction effects for the experiment group and control group on IADL and social participation. Also, there were no significant interaction effects for all domains in emotional status: depression, anxiety and stress. For buddies, there was a significant interaction effect for depression (p = 0.045) in the control group.

Conclusions
The buddy program training module can be used as a guideline for older adults with more significant disabilities in residential aged care homes in managing activities of daily living. Future studies could be implemented to explore the intergenerational buddy program among older adults and young children in the community.
Eunuchs and the Practice of Power in the Early Songhay Empire
Authors: Montpetit Mathilde 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Eunuchs were central to court life in many parts of precolonial West Africa, nowhere more than the Songhay Empire. This article argues that eunuchs were institutionalized there by the askia Muḥammad I in the late 1490s as part of his broader project of Islamic legitimation. Eunuchs, who served many practical functions, were also symbols of imperial splendor, placing the Songhay court on the same footing as its peers elsewhere in the Dār al-Islām. Once implanted in Songhay, the eunuch institution would develop a life of its own, culminating in the empire's legendary 4,000-strong eunuch cavalry in the 1580s. Yet until now, the traditional chronicle sources of imperial West African history—the Tārīkh al-Sūdān and the Tārīkh al-fattāsh—have not been read for what they can tell us about this understudied institution, one that significantly affected the construction of gender and authority in the region.
Antiwitchcraft Movements in Colonial Asante
Authors: Manu-Osafo Manuel J. , Amoah-Boampong Cyrelene 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Silences exist in the British colonial archives and the secondary literature on Asante's resistance to colonial rule. The Yaa Asantewaa War (1900–1) is cited as the main instance of resistance. This study challenges these assumptions by arguing that Asante resistance was apparent in the arena of Asante religious belief and practice, and particularly rooted in antiwitchcraft movements. These movements materialized not in periods of extreme violence and sociopolitical decay, but in the environments between socioeconomic chaos and stability. Such periods were usually characterized by pronounced social, political, and economic changes and transitions. The study concludes by situating the history of these antiwitchcraft movements in Ghana's broad historical trends in religiosity and belief using a qualitative research methodology based on archival records, interviews, secondary literature, and multimedia from YouTube.
VALIDAÇÃO DE PROCESSOS PRODUTIVOS NA INDÚSTRIA FARMACÊUTICA: BREVE HISTÓRICO E ASPECTOS ATUAIS
Authors: Boff Vinícius André , Bazzo Giovana Carolina 
Published: April 2024

A validação de processos produtivos na indústria farmacêutica é parte de um conjunto de normas e ferramentas utilizadas para assegurar a qualidade dos medicamentos, sendo parte integrante das Boas Práticas de Fabricação. Esse trabalho visa contextualizar o histórico e os conceitos envolvidos na validação de processos produtivos no Brasil, desde a criação da Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (Anvisa), com destaque para as regulamentações atuais. Foram avaliadas as Resoluções da Anvisa publicadas a respeito do tema, desde 2001, guias do International Council of Harmonization (ICH) e outras referências relacionadas ao assunto disponíveis nas bases PubMed e Scielo. Por meio da análise realizada, percebeu-se que o nível de complexidade envolvida no processo de validação de processos produtivos aumentou, pois a primeira Resolução da Diretoria Colegiada (RDC) nº 134/2001 abordava a validação de processos nos modos concorrentes e prospectivos, relacionadas aos processos e produtos, e também o formato retrospectivo, baseado nos dados históricos do produto. Com as atualizações (RDC nº 210/2003, RDC nº 17/2010, RDC nº 301/2019 e RDC nº 658/2022), o uso de ferramentas de gestão de qualidade foi aprimorado, sendo abordada, em sua última atualização, a verificação contínua dos processos, por meio de ferramentas analíticas e estatísticas. Dessa forma, é preciso manter o aprimoramento constante tanto dos processos produtivos e sua regulamentação quanto da pesquisa e disseminação do conhecimento envolvido na fabricação de medicamentos.
IMPACTO DA FARMÁCIA CLÍNICA COMO TEMÁTICA NA PRODUÇÃO ACADÊMICA BRASILEIRA: UMA RETROSPECTIVA DOS ANOS DE 2001 A 2021
Authors: Schuring Luenil Zairone de Freitas , Da Silva Marciana Alves , Brito Rafaela de Sousa , Estevão Vinícius Araújo , De Lima Renan Pereira , De Melo Karina Moura , Nunes Paulo Iury Gomes 
Published: April 2024

A Farmácia Clínica (FC) abrange as práticas farmacêuticas voltadas para a otimização da farmacoterapia, buscando melhores resultados clínicos, minimizando os riscos e custos envolvidos em sua utilização, além de estimular a prática do uso racional de medicamentos. Assim, este trabalhoteve como finalidade avaliar a influência e evolução nacional dos estudos acadêmicos sobre FC, traçando o cenário nacional sobre o tema entre os anos de 2001 e 2021, utilizando como ferramentas de busca e coleta de dados o Portal Brasileiro de Publicações Científicas em Acesso Aberto (Ibict--Oasisbr) e a Plataforma Lattes gerenciada pelo Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq). Ao todo, 117 produções acadêmicas foram encontradas tendo como assunto de suas investigações a FC e tais produções dividiram-se entre 38 instituições distribuídas por todoo território nacional. A Região Sul foi responsável por 28,20% das produções no período analisado, sendo seguida pelas Regiões Sudeste com 26,50%, Nordeste com 18,8%, Centro-Oeste com 8,55% e Norte com 5,98%, fato condizente com o atual cenário de distribuição de pesquisadores e grupos depesquisa no país e com a histórica diferença socioeconômica entre as diferentes regiões do Brasil. Diante do exposto, foi possível concluir que a temática FC vem sendo trabalhada à margem de outros temas norteadores de pesquisa na área da saúde, como a Atenção Farmacêutica, a Assistência Farmacêutica e a Farmácia Hospitalar. Além disso, foi observada uma desigualdade quanto ao número de estudos realizados nas diferentes regiões do país, sendo necessárias investigações posteriores e de maior abrangência para o melhor entendimento e caracterização desses achados.
A hybrid detection algorithm for 5G OTFS waveform for 64 and 256 QAM with Rayleigh and Rician channels
Authors: Kumar Arun , Alshahrani Haya Mesfer , Alotaibi Faiz , Nanthaamornphong Aziz 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Signal detection in orthogonal time frequency space modulation is one of the critical aspects for enhancing the throughput of the beyond fifth-generation framework, especially in challenging environments characterized by high mobility and multipath propagation. In this work, we proposed a hybrid detection algorithm by combining zero-forcing equalization (ZFE) and minimum square error equalization (MMSE), also known as ZFE–MMSE, with Rician and Rayleigh channels for 64 and 256 quadrature amplitude modulation. The combination of ZFE and MMSE allows for a more comprehensive approach to equalization. ZFE addresses channel-induced distortions, while MMSE tackles the impact of noise. Together, they enhance the overall performance of the equalization process, resulting in improved signal detection accuracy. The analysis and comparison of the simulation parameters with traditional detection systems include bit error rate, power spectral density (PSD), and complexity. The projected algorithms achieve a signal-to-noise ratio and a PSD gain of 2 dB and −800, respectively, outperforming the traditional detection techniques.
Mobile applications in developing phonetic competence of the Chinese language
Authors: Asadchykh Oksana , Sorokina Nataliia , Pereloma Tetiana , Popova Oleksandra , Konotopets Vladyslava 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis work examines the relevance and practical value of using mobile applications to develop phonetic competence in the Chinese language among future philologists–sinologists. The study aims to analyse the advantages of mobile applications for both classroom and autonomous learning, focussing on their structure and functions. The research methods employed include theoretical substantiation and the characterization of Standard Mandarin and HelloChinese mobile applications. This study asserts that incorporating these mobile applications enhances the assimilation of practical material and increases students’ motivation to master Chinese phonetics. Furthermore, the researchers have developed a set of exercises that utilize these mobile applications, aiming to improve students’ phonetic competence in the Chinese language, whether in a foreign language classroom or during autonomous learning. Results of the research are based on a quantitative investigation, which demonstrates the effectiveness of mobile applications at all stages of future philologists–sinologists’ language practice. Additionally, the use of mobile applications assists in monitoring students’ performance through intermediate assessments. The research findings further confirm the high efficiency of mobile applications in developing phonetic competence, particularly in the context of distance learning.
A Global Comparative Constitutional Analysis of Natural Resources Protection
Authors: Ruppel Oliver C. , Murray Ruda 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Natural resources are the foundation for all life on earth, which all living creatures depend on to exist. Thus, it is subject to many sorts of laws and policies. Globally, constitutions follow different approaches to dealing with their respective country’s natural resources, which are rooted in the diverging cultures, political, economic, and legal systems, as well as in the distinct historical developments of the diverse constitutional orders. Accordingly, the present contribution discusses the prominent similarities between the inclusion of provisions relating to ownership, exploitation and exploration, and the use of natural resources, be they renewable or non-renewable, but also notes the different perspectives adopted and methods of protection applied in the analysed countries’ constitutions. The countries discussed in this paper are South Africa and Chad; Brazil, Cuba, and Bolivia; India and Iran; Germany; and Australia. This paper begins by, firstly, defining ‘natural resources’ and delineating its overlapping concepts. Secondly, the framework for comparison of the analysed countries is set out. Thirdly, the countries selected are separately discussed. Lastly, the comparative analysis is presented with a few concluding observations.
Exploring the professional role identities of English for academic purposes practitioners: a qualitative study
Authors: Derakhshan Ali , Karimpour Sedigheh , Nazari Mostafa 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
While English for Academic Purposes (EAP) has developed theoretically and empirically over the past decades, there are few documented studies on EAP practitioners’ identities. Our study examined 12 Iranian EAP practitioners’ role identities (as one type of identity) in light of the conceptualization of English for specific purposes (ESP) practitioner roles. Adopting a qualitative approach, the study revealed the role of various contextual factors shaping the practitioners’ role identities as being EAP practitioner agents of transformative education, being a course designer and the quest for needs analysis, being a materials provider and managing the oscillations, being a collaborator and the lack of collegiate connection, being a researcher and dispositional variations, and finally being an evaluator and dynamic assessors. The study provides implications regarding how policy and planning shape practitioners’ role identities and suggests future lines of inquiry to build the associated scholarship.
Synthesis and crystal structure of methyl 2-{[4-(4-cyclopropyl-1-naphthyl)-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-yl]thio} acetate, C18H17N3O2S
Authors: Xian-Zhu Yuan , Ding-Wa Zhang , Xiu-Guang Yi , Hui-Lei Zeng , Zhi-Qiang Yi 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
C18H17N3O2S, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 10.9713(5) Å, b = 15.4445(8) Å, c = 9.8221(4) Å, β = 98.275(4)°, V = 1646.99(13) Å3, Z = 4, Rgt
(F) = 0.0401, wRref
(F
2) = 0.0990, T = 296(2) K.
The crystal structure of NdB6O8(OH)5·H3BO3
Authors: Teichtmeister Tobias A. , Bernhart Alexander Hugo , Huppertz Hubert 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
NdB6O8(OH)5·H3BO3, triclinic, P

1
‾

$\overline{1}$

(no. 2), a = 6.8304(7) Å, b = 7.2004(5) Å, c = 12.707(2) Å, α = 95.479(5)°, β = 98.652(6)°, γ = 101.758(5)°, V = 599.7(2) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0378, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0826, T = 289(1) K.
Elucidating the interaction of FCC catalyst components: the discrete roles of matrix and binder on zeolite structure
Authors: Etim Ubong J. , Bai Peng , Subhan Fazle , Yan Zifeng 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Zeolite Y is the active phase of the modern fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) catalyst. However, a functional and active FCC catalyst comprises, in addition to zeolite Y, matrices and a binder that introduce some levels of synergistic interaction between the catalyst components, impacting its activity. This study investigates the interactive properties of a zeolite-matrix-binder composite on a typical FCC catalyst using various characterization techniques. Characterization of synthesized FCC catalyst samples reveals changes in the structural composition of zeolite Y dependent upon the type and ratio of binder materials. The binder is important in the crystallization of the final composite. Acidic binder induces dealumination of zeolite, leading to amorphization, loss of Brønsted acid sites, framework structure impairment, and the formation of defective sites. TEM indicates the formation of zeolite-matrix interfaces upon binding of zeolite by the matrix. Depending on the extent and severity of thermal processing, the clay–alumina–silica binder undergoes dehydroxylation to varying degrees by cross-linking of terminal hydroxyl groups between neighboring binder particles, which contributes to the increased thermal and mechanical stability of the bound catalysts.
Ergänzende Kapitaldeckung der Altersvorsorge: Gründe, Gestaltungsoptionen und Auswirkungen
Authors: Nöh Lukas , Schaffranka Claudia , Werding Martin 
Published: April 2024

Zusammenfassung
Der demografische Alterungsprozess setzt das Umlagesystem der Gesetzlichen Rentenversicherung unter Druck. Doch die Riester-Renten als Instrument der privaten Altersvorsorge stecken 20 Jahre nach ihrer Einführung in einer Sackgasse. Die Erfahrungen mit ihnen zeigen, dass die ergänzende kapitalgedeckte Vorsorge insgesamt verbindlicher, transparenter und renditeträchtiger werden muss als bisher. Nach internationalen Vorbildern eignen sich dafür Anlagen in stark aktienbasierten Fonds mit breiter Diversifizierung. Alle Erwerbstätigen sollten automatisch einbezogen werden, dem jedoch widersprechen können (Opt-out). Ein öffentlich verwalteter Fonds als Default-Option, der in Konkurrenz mit privaten Anbietern steht, könnte einen Beitrag zur Senkung der Transaktionskosten leisten. Verschiedene Simulationen zeigen, dass mit einer solchen ergänzenden Vorsorge durchgängig kombinierte Sicherungsniveaus von mehr als 48 Prozent erzielt werden.
When ‘still’ means ‘not yet’
Authors: Persohn Bastian 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn this paper, I discuss the employment of expressions meaning ‘still’ to signal the negative counterpart of ‘still’, ‘not yet’, without an overt negator. I show that this phenomenon is found in languages from across the globe and that it surfaces in four recurrent types of environments, namely when a ‘still’ expression is used (i) without an overt predicate, (ii) with a less-than-finite and/or dependent predicate, (iii) with a predicate belonging to a specific actional class, or (iv) when the expression occupies a determined position in the clause. I lay out how each of these types finds a functional explanation and I also discuss some patterns of employment that build on these ‘still’-as-‘not yet’ uses.
Unveiling the link: Helicobacter pylori infection and impact on ischemia modified albumin, thiol, and disulfide levels
Authors: Yüksel Mahmut , Erdoğan Çağdaş , Köseoğlu Hasan T. , Neselioglu Salim , Kenarlı Kerem , Akbay Ahmet , Göktaş Meryem D. , Kalkan Çağdaş , Hamamcı Mevlüt , Dölek Mustafa M. , Çağır Yavuz , Erel Özcan 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Objectives
The objective of this research was to explore the link between Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and alterations in ischemia modified albumin (IMA), thiol, and disulfide levels, with a focus on their potential clinical implications.

Methods
We carried out a cross-sectional study, enrolling 153 patients who underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy between March and July 2023. Biopsies were obtained from the stomach antrum to diagnose H. pylori. Biochemical parameters, including IMA, thiol, and disulfide, were measured in fasting blood samples. A statistical analysis, including receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, was performed to assess the diagnostic potential of these biomarkers.

Results
In this study, a total of 153 patients were included, of whom 99 tested positive for H. pylori and 54 tested negative. The H. pylori-positive group exhibited significantly higher levels of disulfide, disulfide/native thiol ratio, disulfide/total thiol ratio, and IMA compared to the H. pylori-negative group (p≤0.05 for all parameters). In contrast, the native thiol/total thiol ratio was significantly lower in the H. pylori-positive group (p≤0.05).

Conclusions
Our study’s findings of elevated disulfide levels in H. pylori-positive individuals suggest a potential disruption in redox balance associated with H. pylori infection. This study contributes to the understanding of H. pylori’s systemic effects on biochemical markers, offering insights into their diagnostic utility.