bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Comparative Study of Administrative Principles and Practices in Adult Education Units
Authors: Ingham Roy J. 
Published: March 2007

Adult education units exist in various types of organizations. The administrators of the different units attempt to achieve their or ganizational goals by applying principles, either explicitly or implicity. One source of the principles is the writings of those who study adult education phenomena. Little effort has been made to utilize some model dealing with organizations for analyz ing and explaining various principles and practices. An effort has been made in this paper to demonstrate the fruitfulness of one such model-the compliance model formulated by Etzioni. Two examples were presented to demonstrate the value of this model. One example showed that principles dealing with ad ministrative processes must be applied differentially to organiza tions, based upon their compliance structure. The second ex ample utilized the model to explain why the adult education unit in the public school is unable to prescribe the task requirements of its students as rigorously as the adult education unit in the university. The analysis of these two examples also provides further evidence that the model is a valid one since the predictions made on the basis of the model were supported by the data. On the basis of this evidence, further application of the model to the an alysis of adult education units would probably yield fruitful results.
Further Evaluation of the Tetrodotoxin-Resistant Circadian Pacemaker in the Suprachiasmatic Nuclei
Authors: Schwartz William J. 
Published: March 2007

We previously reported the results of an experimental paradigm in which tetrodotoxin (TTX) was chronically infused by miniosmotic pump into the rat suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) (Schwartz et al., 1987). Although TTX reversibly blocked photic entrainment and overt expression of the circadian drinking rhythm, the circadian pacemaker in the SCN continued to oscillate unperturbed by the toxin, and we concluded that Na+-dependent action potentials are not a part of the SCN pacemaker's internal timekeeping mechanism. In the research reported in the present paper, we used our paradigm to chronically infuse other agents, in order to evaluate the validity of this interpretation further. ( 1) Infusion of 50% procaine into the SCN of blinded rats resulted in a disorganized circadian drinking rhythm during the infusion, after which behavioral rhythmicity returned without apparent phase shift. In intact rats, procaine reduced the phase-resetting action of a reversed light-dark cycle imposed during the infusion. Thus, the effects of voltage-dependent Na+ channel blockade by a local anesthetic resemble those produced by TTX. (2) Infusion of high (20 mM) K+ or 100 μM veratridine into the SCN of blinded rats resulted in an apparent phase advance of the circadian drinking rhythm by over 4 hr. The phase-shifting effect of veratridine was blocked by simultaneous infusion of 1 μM TTX. Thus, membrane depolarization or direct activation of voltage-dependent Na+ channels can affect the pacemaker's oscillation. Our infusion paradigm can detect alterations of rhythm phase, and the lack of phase shift after TTX or procaine infusion is not an artifact of an insensitive method.
Lands In-between: the Politics of Cultural Identity in Contemporary Eastern Europe
Authors: Croan Melvin 
Published: March 2007

“... we... huddle here on the western margin of the [Soviet] empire and on the eastern side of the Iron Curtain, with a cautious strategy of limited self-preservation and a troubled mind, because we don't want to identify with the East and we can't identify with the West.” György Konrád, Antipolitics “With no precise borders with no Center or rather with several centers, `Central Europe' looks today more and more like the dragon of Alca in the second book of Anatole France's Penguin Island to which the Symbolist movement was compared: nobody who claimed to have seen it could say what it looked like.” Danilo Kiš, “Variations on the Theme of Central Europe”
On the Context Sensitivity of Institutional Interaction
Authors: ARMINEN ILKKA 
Published: March 2007

The study of institutional interaction explicates the verbal activities and interactional arrangements through which institutional practices are realized. I demonstrate that to analyse these practices sensitively, the analyst must possess sufficient knowledge of the context. In institutional settings an agent may orient to expert knowledge or organizational procedures taken for granted for the practice in question, but not known to outsiders.Understanding the context-sensitive meaning of the activities may depend on access to these particulars. Methodologically, the procedural relevancy of context is a crucial criterion against arbitrary invocation of a countless number of extrinsic, potential aspects of context. I will show that the analyst's ability to use procedural consequentiality as an analytical criterion depends on the analyst's sufficient knowledge of the context in question. By characterizing the ways `generic' interactional patterns are used in institutional settings, we can also address larger sociological questions about institutional identities and the exercise of institutional power.
The Transformation of the Research System in the Czech Republic
Authors: Provaznik ST , Filacek A. , Krizova-Frydova E. , Loudin J. , Machleidt P. 
Published: March 2007

The end of the Cold War and the subsequent relaxation of the political barriers between the East and the West has ushered in a period of transformation in the countries of Eastern Europe. As part of the process of transforming the Czech Republic into a free market economy, a series of structural and other reforms have been introduced into the system of higher education. This paper provides an account of this process based on an empirical study comprising some 50 case studies of research institutions ranging from non-university and university research to the enterprise based research sector. The paper maintains that the process of transformation has been relatively smooth and that the Czech research community has for the most part benefited from the changes introduced both in terms of increased cooperation at the international level and competition at the national level.
Frontal Behavioral Syndromes in Cortical and Subcortical Dementia
Authors: Paulsen Jane S. , Stout Julie C. , DeLaPena Jody , Romero Ramon , Tawfik-Reedy Zeena , Swenson Michael R. , Grace Janet , Malloy Paul F. , Hospital Butler 
Published: March 2007

The Frontal Lobe Personality Scale (FLOPS; Grace & Malloy, 1992) was administered to the caregivers of 51 patients with neurodegenerative disease to examine personality and behavioral features associated with prototypical "cortical" dementia (i.e., Dementia of the Alzheimer Type; DAT) and "subcortical" dementia (i.e., Huntington's disease; HD). The FLOPS is a 45-item behavior rating scale designed to identify three frontal syndromes: (a) apathy, (b) disinhibition, and (c) executive dysfunction. Comparing subgroups of HD and DAT that were matched for age and dementia severity (ns = 12), the HD subgroup had higher FLOPS apathy ratings. Using all patients, FLOPS ratings were associated with traditional neuropsychological measures as well as a measure of everyday functioning. Discriminant function analyses, accurately classified over 92% of the DAT patients and nearly 77% of the HD patients, which is consistent with the discriminative utility of other traditional neuropsychological tests. These data suggest that informant-based ratings of so-called "frontal lobe" behaviors may be a useful adjunct to current neuropsychological evaluations in an attempt to characterize personality changes that co-occur with neurodegenerative disease.
The Effect of Psychiatric Home Nurse Follow-up on Readmission Rates of Patients With Depression
Authors: Barker Earlene , Robinson Denise , Brautigan Robert 
Published: March 2007

BACKGROUND: Patients who are still recovering from depression are being discharged from the inpatient setting to their homes much sooner than they were a decade ago. Few studies of the effectiveness of home follow-up for patients with depression have been conducted in the United States. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether hospital readmission rates of patients with depression decreased as a result of psychiattic nurse home vis its. DESIGN: A prospective descriptive research design was used. Patients admitted to the mental health unit during a 30-day period were followed up in this study. Patients received follow-up care only if it was prescribed by the physician; no manipulation of subjects occurred. The health care professionals who provided care for the patients were contacted in 60 days to determine the readmission status of the patients. RESULTS: A total of 68 subjects were followed up to determine readmission rates. Twelve subjects received psychiatric home nurse follow-up, and 56 received standard care. A substantial reduction in readmissions was found in the psychiatric nurse home follow- up group (χ2 (1, N = 68) = 968, p = .008). No readmissions occurred in the group with psychiatric nurse home follow-up care, but 33% (n = 36) of the group without home follow-up were readmitted, despite similar outpatient care. CONCLUSIONS: The findings provide support for psychiatric nurse home follow-up for patients with depression after discharge from an inpatient setting. (J Am Psychiatr Nurses Assoc [1999]. 5, 111 116)
Thermal Behaviour of Composite Walls Under Solar Irradiation and Internal Intermittent Heating
Authors: Faggiani S. , Galbiati P. , Tuoni G. 
Published: March 2007

The problem of the room temperature oscillation under intermittent heating and solar irradiation is analyzed for two types of walls which have the same thermal conductance and different heat capacities. The yearly time- dependence of the sol-air external temperature is simulated by means of a Fourier's expansion, the coefficients of which are linear functions of time. In this way the analysis deals with the yearly transient state. The calculations show that the amplitude of the room temperature oscillations is markedly smaller, and nearly independent of the beginning instant of heating, in the case of walls having larger heat capacities. The effects of lack of solar irradiation or intermittent heating are also studied.
Heat Transfer in a Wet Porous Thermal Insulation in a Flat Roof
Authors: Hedlin C.P. 
Published: March 2007

Glass fiber insulation specimens with moisture contents ranging from 0 to 15 % by volume were placed on the roof of an outdoor test facility. Heat flow measurements were made, using heat flux transducers at all seasons of the year. Outdoor tempera tures ranged from about -40° to +35°C. Thermal conductances for the wet insulations increase sharply in warm weather when swings in outdoor temperature cause daily reversals in the temperature gradi ent in the insulations. This is attributed to evaporation-condensation cycles in which water vapor is transferred back and forth in the insulation, carrying latent heat. In the analysis, the heat flux was regarded as comprising two components—a sensible heat component and a latent heat component. The results of the measurements were used to develop relationships, involving transfer coefficients, to express the heat flux in terms of temperature and water vapor pressures. Daily average heat fluxes were found for a summer period for a dry insulation specimen and specimens containing 1, 9 and 15% moisture (volume). The differ ence in heat flux was substantially the same for all of the wet specimens. For each wet insulation, the heat flux was about three times as large as it was for the dry specimen.
The Role of Barriers in Reducing the Aging of Foam Panels
Authors: Glicksman Leon R. 
Published: March 2007

Although most closed cell foams incorporate barriers at the surface, most of these barriers have been found to do little, if anything, to improve the long term performance of foams The cause of the barrier failures will be explained in terms of the author's previous research. The advantage of properly applied barriers can be shown by use of the MIT aging model along with measured values of diffusion coefficients. The model shows that the time averaged insulation performance can be substantially enhanced by use of proper use of barriers. For example, a foam panel filled with CO2 having proper bar riers on the top and bottom surface has an equivalent average R-value over the time span of decades when compared to a CFC filled panel without facers. Means to measure the performance of a barrier when applied to a foam panel m- clude a qualitative dye technique. The dye technique allows the existence of open pathways at the interface of a foam and barrier to be easily visualized. Early test work with the dye technique indicates that many barrier/foam combinations give poor per formance even when the barrier is impermeable. Experimental means to quantitatively measure barrier-foam behavior are needed to determine the potential of new barrier foam combinations and allow the long term performance to be predicted without the need for long term aging tests. A new mea surement technique involves the use of transient tests of a foam sample with a barrier applied from the production process. The comparison of the experimental transient performance with the barrier in place and the transient performance of a similar un faced foam will allow the barrier performance to be calculated using the transient analysis applied to the test data. The quantitative results of the barrier performance will allow the long term aging of a foam sample protected by barriers to be accurately predicted. The barrier characteristics of dense foam polymer material at the surface of the foam give a moderate improvement in aging. Imperfect barriers, e.g., with some pin holes, will give reasonable performance if properly applied to the foam.
Influence of Architectural Details on the Overall Thermal Performance of Residential Wall Systems
Authors: Kosny J. , Desjarlais A.O. 
Published: March 2007

Predicted heat losses through building walls are typically based on measurements of the wall system clear wall area using test methods such as ASTM C 236 or are calculated by one of the procedures recommended in the ASHRAE Handbook of Fundamentals that often are carried out for the clear wall area exclu sively. In this paper, the phrase "clear wall area" is defined as the part of the wall system that is free of thermal anomalies due to building envelope subsystems, or thermally unaffected by intersections with other surfaces of the building envelope. These experiments or calculations normally do not include the effects of building en velope subsystems such as corners, window and door openings, and structural joints with roofs, floors, ceilings, and other walls. These details represent completely different constructions; it is apparent that the thermal properties measured or calculated for the clear wall area may not adequately represent the total wall system thermal performance. Factors that would impact the ability of today's standard prac tice to accurately predict the total wall system thermal performance are the accuracy of the calculation methods, the amount of the total wall area that is clear wall, and the quantity and thermal performance of the various wall system details. Based on 3-D finite difference computer modelling, the thermal performance of several typical wall systems including various system details have been analyzed, and the overall wall system thermal performance for a typical single-story ranch house has been determined. These data are compared to typical experimental and analytical techniques to ascertain their precision in predicting the overall wall system perfor mance.
Aux Coins Des Rues
Authors: Hubay Davey 
Published: March 2007

It seems impossible to me that one could have a completely ordinary temperament if one had been raised along the quais of Paris, across from the Louvre and the Tuileries, close to the Palais Mazarin, and facing the glorious river Seine that flows between the towers large and small and the spires of old Paris. There, from the rue Guénégaud to the rue du Bac, bookstores, antique shops, and print-sellers spread out a lavish display of the most beautiful forms of art and the most surprising tokens of the past. Every storefront, in its peculiar charm and amusing disorder, is a seduction for the eyes and mind. The passer-by who knows how to see always takes away from them some idea, like a bird flying away with a bit of straw for its nest. Because there are trees along with books, and women walking by, it is the most beautiful spot in the world. Anatole France, Le Livre de mon ami (1885) In both kinds of streets one should exercise special care to keep the lowest part of the gutters clear, so that waters from rain and household use, as well as from washing the roadway, will flow easily into the sewer. Baron Georges-Eugène Haussmann, Mémoires (1893) But as man withdraws from the photographic image, the exhibition value for the first time shows its superiority to the ritual value. To have pinpointed this new stage constitutes the incomparable significance of Atget, who, around 1900, took photographs of deserted Paris streets. It has quite justly been said of him that he photographed them like scenes of crime. The scene of a crime, too, is deserted: it is photographed for the purpose of establishing evidence. Walter Benjamin, The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction (1936) Their story begins on ground level, with footsteps. They are myriad, but do not compose a series. They cannot be counted because each unit has a qualitative character: a style of tactile apprehension and kinesthetic appropriation. Their swarming mass is an innumerable collection of singularities. Their intertwined paths give shape to spaces. They weave places together. In that respect, pedestrian movements form one of these “real systems whose existence in fact makes up the city” (Charles Alexander). They are not localized, it is rather they that spatialize. Michel de Certeau, The Practice of Everyday Life (1984)
Assessment Techniques: A Review
Authors: Goodge Peter , Griffiths Peter 
Published: March 2007

To say that accurate assessment is a fundamental prerequisite to selection, training or development is perhaps obvious. However, the role of assessment has often been understated in the past. Part of the problem is that assessment methods are not easy to compare and evaluate. This paper addresses itself to this issue, in it the authors look at three assessment techniques; namely psychological tests, assessment centres and 'biodata', and compare them in terms of the information they provide, their accuracy and ease of implementation.
The Making' of the `Competent' Manager
Authors: Brewis Joanna 
Published: March 2007

This paper examines one component of competency-based management education-Personal Effectiveness (PE), a unit taught on the Certificate in Management. The Certificate is part of a three-tier system of UK management education (Certificate in Management-Diploma in Management Studies Master of Business Administration). PE concentrates on developing the 13 Management Charter Initiative competencies. A conventional reading of PE is that the competencies it develops are indispensable for competent management. However the Foucauldian analysis deployed here argues that PE's developmental ethos simultaneously renders it governmental. The paper argues that PE acts on individuals in such a way as to constitute them as self-regulating subjects, unquestioningly striving to become so-called competent managers. It is this efficiency of modern forms of government which Foucault finds problematic, the fact that such programmes do not leave individuals room to question the ways in which they think and behave. Having attempted to explain how it is that PE works, the conclusion of the paper argues for a reworking of the content and delivery of the unit.
Competing Conceptions of Competition: Implications for Physical Education
Authors: Drewe Sheryle Bergmann 
Published: March 2007

This paper considers various conceptions of competition. Distinctions are made between positive and negative consequences of participating in competitive activities and between views that competition is intrin sically positive or negative. When examining and critiquing the nature of competition the root word (com-petitio: to strive together) is highlighted. From this, it is argued that the proposition that competition is intrinsically selfish cannot withstand an analysis of what is meant by 'selfish : The paper concludes that competition is intrinsically positive, and furthermore, that participation in competitive activities provides the opportunity to develop skills in the pursuit of excellence. Finally, the paper discusses the implications of viewing com petition as 'striving together' for teachers and students in a physical education context.
Review : The theory-practice gap and student nurses
Authors: Goode Helen 
Published: March 2007

■ The theory-practice gap in nursing is a multi-factorial problem ■ Different types of knowledge are used in nursing; some have more credence and value than others ■ Learners are often underestimated by clinical staff, they can provide sophisticated care while being relatively inexperienced ■ 'Reality shock', is perhaps due to a lack of student's emotional readiness to deal with the daily stresses that nursing entails
Child mental health: promoting prevention
Authors: Walker Steven 
Published: March 2007

■ The increasing demand for Child Mental Health Services in Britain is producing pressure on managers and clinicians to find different ways to heip. ■ Government targets for improving quality and reducing waiting times for assessment and treatment are stretching resources. ■ This study, at a local community child and family consultation clinic, investigated the characteristics of the increased demand, expectations and experiences of clients. ■ The results highlight the need for better preventative services, improved multi- agency liaison, and less reliance on short- term treatments. ■ Evaluation in Child Mental Health Services could be enhanced by gaining the views of children and adolescents with independent interviewers.