bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Growth in Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
Authors: BERGSTRAND C. G. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryGrowth curves of 28 patients with the congenital type of the adrenogenital syndrome were as far as available data allowed reconstructed and analysed.Patients who had been adequately treated from an early age tended to grow a t a normal rate and it seems possible that they have a relatively good chance to reach their genetically predetermined stature or a t least an adult height within normal limits.Patients who came to treatment after the age of 5‐6 years demonstrated another type of growth curve similar to that observed in children with untreated adrenogenital syndrome i.e. an initially rapid linear growth of short duration.It was found that some of the patients who did not receive any therapy, came late to treatment or were inadequately treated in spite of this reached an adult height within normal limits.A few patients reacted to treatment in an unexpected way and are discussed in some detail.A difference in linear growth between salt‐losers and patients with a normal electrolyte regulating mechanism could not be demonstrated.It is suggested that variations in adult height and exceptional reactions to treatment may be due not only to hereditary factors but possibly also to differences in the degree and/or type of the enzymatic defect.Significant differences in birth weight and birth length between patients with the adrenogenital syndrome and normal new‐born infants could not be demonstrated.
Bacterial Metastasis Following B.C.G.‐Vaccination
Authors: WALLERSTRÖM ALF , ENELL HERBERT 
Published: January 2008

SummaryAn abscess in the left metatarsale I in a boy, aged 10 months, and a subcutaneous abscess at the right wrist in a girl 2 years old were found to contain bacilli with all the characteristics of the Swedish B.C.G.‐ strain. The histological picture was that of tuberculosis. Both children were B.C.G.‐ vaccinated in the neonatal period. They were found to have relatively low gsmma‐globulin‐values but normal lymphocyte counts; the significance of these findings is discussed. The osteitis was treated with surgical revision and chemotherapy; the subcutaneous abscess healed after surgical revision only, followed by immobilization in plaster. B.C.G.‐metastases is a diagnostic alternative to solitary or multiple abscess formation of obscure origin in infants and young adults. The clinical course in cases hitherto reported has been benign.
The Thrombotest on the First Day of Life
Authors: GRAY O. P. , SMITH S. G. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryThe thrombotest Owren to assess the coagulation premature and full term has been used status of 158 babies on the first day of life. The results were found to be lorn and levels of 10 ob and less were found mainly in ill infants, and the majority of infants who died were in this group.The thrombotest reveals infants who are at risk of haemorrhage, and also provides an easy method of monitoring treatment of coagulation deficiencies. It deserves to be used with other conventional and biochemical tests in the assessment and treatment of ill newborn infants.
Haptoglobin Level in Some Diseases of Infancy and Childhood
Authors: BADR‐EL‐DIN M. KAMAL , KHALIL MOSTAFA , KASSEM A. SAMIR 
Published: January 2008

SummaryThe level of serum haptoglobin was estimated in favism, thalassemia major, acute rheumatic fever, acute glomerulonephritis, nephrotic syndrome and virus hepatitis.In favism, it was totally absent during the haemolytic episode and then started to rise till it reached normal values after 6‐8 days.Ahaptoglobinaemia was persistent in patients with Thalassemia Major before and after treatment with blood transfusion, dexamethasone administration and splenectomy.In acute rheumatic fever, acute glomerulonephritis and nephrotic syndrome, there was elevation of the haptoglobin level. This could therefore be taken as one of the criteria to evaluate activity of the disease process.The level was low in virus hepatitis and returned to normal with cure. There was a good correlation between the chronicity of the case and the diminution in haptoglobin level.
A study of Vitamin D Metabolism in Idiopathic Hypercalcemia of Infancy
Authors: MANIOS S. G. , ANTENER ILSE 
Published: January 2008

SummarySerum vitamin D activity was determined in two cases of severe form of idiopathic hypercalcemia and the effect of a physiological dose of vitamin D3, was studied on this condition. The patients, 36 months of age, were uniovular female siblings, products of a triple normal pregnancy. Serum vitamin D activity was determined by a modification of the standard rachitic‐rat bioassay method, using radioactive calcium. The levels prior to the vitamin D test‐dose, in comparison with those found by the same method in 21 normal infants, was markedly elevated, about 4 times the mean normal value.A significant rise of the initial values was found 48 hours after the last test dose of vitamin D3.These findings suggest that the primary etiologic factor in idiopathic hypercalcemia, at least in some cases, is a genetically determined defect in the degradation mechanism of vitamin D.
Portal and Atrial Pressures in the Newborn Period
Authors: ARCILLA RENE A. , OH WILLIAM , LIND JOHN , BLANKENSHIP WILLARD 
Published: January 2008

SummaryThe effect of placental transfusion upon the portal and atrial pressures of 93 normal newborn infants, ½ to 14 hours of age, was studied. In 34 cases, clamping of the cord was done within 5 to 10 seconds after delivery (EC group); in 59 cases, it was performed after cessation of the umbilical pulsations (LC group).The portal pressure was always higher than that of the right atrium by an average of 5.6 mm Hg. The portal pressure curves had no venous waves and revealed regular inspiratory rise and expiratory fall. The mean portal pressure of all EC infants was 6.3 (±O.40 S.E.) mm Hg, and that of LC infants 6.5 (±0.23 S.E.) mm Hg. There was no significant difference in the portal pressures of both groups at the various ages.The atrial pressures of the LC infants were higher than those of the EC infants during the first 60 minutes following birth (P <0.001). Thereafter, the difference between the 2 groups was not significant. The atrial pressures of the LC infants were high before one hour of age but dropped to about half by the second hour and later. In contrast, those of the EC subjects remained about the same in the various age groups.Left atrial pressure was always greater than that of the right at all ages in both groups. In addition, the left atrial curves showed prominent “v” waves not observed in the right atrial tracings.The higher atrial pressure observed in the LC infants immediately after birth is attributed to the large placental transfusion allowed these subjects. The pressure drop and its stabilization after the first hour presumably reflects the effective accommodation of the augmented blood volume by the low‐pressure reservoir of the cardiovascular system.
CONGENITAL FIBRINOGEN DEFICIENCY
Authors: Manios S. G. , Schenck W. , Künzer W. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryA mild form of congenital fibrinogen deficiency is reported in a 9‐year‐old girl under our observation from birth. She had from early life a history of hemorrhagic syndrome with the principal features of congenital fibrinogen deficiency, but with normal clotting time and partial fibrinogen deficiency. The patient's parents, related by blood, both of Greek origin, are also affected by the same disorder in a latent form.The mildness of the hemorrhagic diathesis, especially after infancy and the better prognosis as compared to the classical afibrinogenemia is emphasized.The genetic problems of these familial cases of fibrinogen deficiency and their relation by genetic point of view with the cases of classical afibrinogenemia are discussed.
II. After Short Gestation and Gestation Complicated by Hypertension with Special Reference to the “Small‐for‐Dates” Syndrome
Authors: Lindblad Bo S. , Zetterström Rolf 
Published: January 2008

SummaryIn cases of hypertensive disorder there is an increase of urea in the cord vein plasma. The increase seems to be secondary to an occasional increase in the maternal plasma.In cases of hypertensive disorder during pregnancy associated with intrauterine growth retardation of the foetus the ratio between the cord vein plasma levels and the mother's cubital vein plasma levels of essential amino acids is lower than under normal conditions. The low ratios of valine, isoleucine and leucine levels are shown to be due to higher maternal plasma levels at delivery than in normal pregnancies. It is suggested that the findings have some bearing on the growth retardation of the foetus, being the consequence of a diminished supply of essential amino acids to the foetus.The differences from what is found in normal term pregnancies are not due to a shortening of the gestational period, since there is in the foetus, in a gestational period down to 33 weeks, only still higher plasma levels of taurine and lysine.To demonstrate that the material is representative as regards hypertension and the “small‐for‐dates” syndrome a survey has been made of the weight and length at birth in cases of hypertensive disorder during pregnancy.
POLYNEUROPATHY IN CHILDHOOD
Authors: Gamstorp Ingrid 
Published: January 2008

SummaryA clinical material is presented consisting of 43 children below 17 years of age with evidence of impaired function of peripheral nerves. One case occurred in a newborn with muscular hypotonia, weakness and areflexia: Thirteen children had signs of an affection also of the central nervous system. This group included 2 cases of late‐infantile metachromatic leucodystrophy and 2 cases of Friedreich's ataxia. Involvement of both central and peripheral parts of the nervous system causes a complicated clinical picture. Correct interpretation of the findings requires complete neurological and neurophysiological examination. Such an extensive affection of the nervous system may be more common than usually supposed.In 29 patients no signs were found of simultaneous involvement of the central nervous system. The 2 main groups were children with diabetes and children with a chronic hereditary polyneuropathy. All the diabetic children were asymptomatic. The most common clinical picture of chronic hereditary polyneuropathy in childhood was characterized by slow motor development, slow, clumsy movements and weak or absent muscle reflexes. Excavated feet and kyfoscoliosis were seen in some patients. The variation of the clinical picture with age and from family to family is described. The progress of symptoms in polyneuropathy without evidence of involvement of the central nervous system is slow and seems eventually to cease. The prognosis is better than that of progressive spinal muscular atrophy and most of the primary muscle diseases. An optimistic attitude, intense physical therapy and orthopedic measures are therefore justified.
CRYPTORCHIDISM Roentgenological and Surgical Aspects
Authors: Lunderquist A. , Nommesen N. , Rafstedt S. , Åkesson B.‐Å. 
Published: January 2008

Summary60 cases of cryptorchidism and 5 intersexes were examined with andrography (pneumo‐pelvigraphy). Of these, 36 were operated upon.The roentgen findings are compared with the palpatory and surgical findings. The value of the method is discussed and the indications for it are given.
BENIGN FAMILIAL NEONATAL CONVULSIONS
Authors: Bjerre Ingrid , Corelius Eivor 
Published: January 2008

SummaryA family is reported where during the neonatal period convulsions have appeared in not less than 14 members in five generations. It appears to be an autosomal dominant trait. The disorder is benign and the convulsions have disappeared in the first weeks with a few exceptions, where sporadic convulsions have appeared up to 10 years of age. The etiology is at present unknown and there are no signs of disturbance in electrolyte or sugar balance or in amino‐acid metabolism.
THE ROLE OF ALDOSTERONE IN HYPERNATREMIC DEHYDRATION IN INFANTS
Authors: Reimold Ekkehard W. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryIn a previously healthy, 11‐month‐old infant acute gastroenteritis and dehydration developed following a minor operation. Oliguria was observed after 2 days complicated by hypernatremia, hypokalemia, elevated blood pressure and one generalized convulsion. Aldosterone excretion was increased considerably remaining elevated even after clinical improvement.Hypernatremia complicating dehydration in infancy usually is thought to result from disproportionate loss of water and sodium. The role of aldosterone in this situation is not known. If hyperaldosteronism proves to be involved in causing and sustaining hypernatremia therapeutic use of aldosterone blocking hormones would be indicated.
STUDIES ON TRYPTOPHAN METABOLISM IN BILHARZIAL HEPATIC FIBROSIS AND NON‐BILHARZIAL HEPATIC CIRRHOSIS IN CHILDHOOD
Authors: ABDEL‐TAWAB G. A. , KHOLIEF T. S. , EL‐SEWEDY S. M. , ABBASSY A. S. , ZEITOUN M. M. , HASSANEIN E. A. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryStudy on tryptophan metabolism in eight children presenting with bilharzial hepatic fibrosis revealed a pattern reflecting vitamin B6 deficiency and which could be corrected by supplementing this vitamin. This finding was attributed to S. mansoni infection rather than parenchymal involvement.Similar study carried out on five children with non‐bilharzial hepatic cirrhosis showed low response to a tryptophan load which was not corrected by vitamin B6 supplementation.The difference between the patterns of tryptophan metabolites in bilharzial fibrosis and non‐bilharzial cirrhosis in children might be due to bilharziasis in the former group and to deranged protein synthesis in the latter.
THE NOISE LEVEL IN A CHILDRENS HOSPITAL AND THE WAKE‐UP THRESHOLD IN INFANTS
Authors: GÄDEKE ROLAND , DÖRING BERNHARD , KELLER FRIEDRICH , VOGEL ANDRES 
Published: January 2008

SummaryOne hundred and twenty‐six children, 3 to 63 weeks of age, have been exposed to a mixed noise (100‐7000 Hz) in intensities between 50 and 80 dB under steady conditions of room acoustic during different periods of time between 10.30 p.m. and 01.00 a.m. A noise level of 75 dB led to obvious sleep disturbance or waking‐up in ⅔ of the children after 3 minutes and in all after 12 minutes. The waking threshold according to these investigations is higher than in adults.A 24‐hour recording of the noise level in different types of infants' and children's care units demonstrated that the acoustic stress– especially by “interior working‐noise”–in care units of light construction reaches or exceeds the obligate waking‐noise threshold of infants during most of the day and night hours. This is regarded as a deficiency of hospital hygiene.
THERAPEUTIC STUDIES IN OSTEOPETROSIS
Authors: MOE PETER JOHAN , SKJæVELAND ARNLAUG 
Published: January 2008

SummaryFour cases of osteopetrosis, with manifestations within the first months of life, are presented. The first two cases were siblings. One of them received no therapy, the other 12 blood transfusions and antibiotics. Therapy had no influence on the thrombocytopenia and haemolytic process in Case 2, and he developed rachitic‐like changes and a decrease in serum calcium during hospitalization. Both these two siblings died at the age of 5 months. The last two cases have been on prednisone therapy for 21 and 14 months, respectively. Case 3 is now doing well on prednisone, 7.5–10 mg every other day. Her mental and stato‐motoric development has so far been normal. Optic nerve decompression was performed in March 1968, and the eye on which the operation was performed still retains some vision. Case 4 was started on steroids when he was about 3 months older than Case 3. Splenectomy had to be performed due to high prednisone requirements, and he still needs prednisone, 15 mg every other day. He seems, unfortunately, to be blind and slightly retarded. Heparin seems to be of no practical value in this disorder. Cellulose phosphate therapy resulted in impaired calcium absorption. The resulting hypocalcemia seems, however, to have very little, if any, effect on the underlying disease.
OSTEOBLASTS AND OSTEOCLASTS IN BONE MARROW ASPIRATED FROM CHILDREN WITH RICKETS
Authors: BARAK YIGAL 
Published: January 2008

SummaryExaminations of bone marrow samples aspirated from 21 infants with symptoms of rickets showed a significant increase in the number of osteoblasts and osteoclasts as compared with control material.The osteoblasts showed marked positive alkaline phosphatase staining reaction, while the osteoclasts‐and osteoblasts to a lesser extent‐showed positive staining reaction of acid phosphatase.A significant correlation could be established between number of osteoblasts in bone marrow smers and level of serum alkaline phosphatase. Previous reports of similar marrow findings in diseases characterized by bone destruction and compensatory bone repair are reviewed. The mechanisms and the possible significance of such findings are evaluated.
DISLOCATION OF THE PROXIMAL EPIPHYSIS OF THE HUMERUS IN NEWBORNS: Report of Two Cases and Discussion of Diagnostic Criteria
Authors: LEMPERG R. , LILIEQUIST B. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryTwo cases of traumatic dislocation of the proximal humerus epiphysis in newborns are reported. Clinical symptoms for early diagnosis and differentiation from “pure” brachial plexus injuries are described. Stress is lied on the local findings around the shoulder joint and the importance of taking X‐ray pictures in suitable symmetrical positions for demonstration of minor dislocations of the epiphyseal nucleus.
NUCHAL NAEVI AND INTERSCAPULAR TELANGIECTASES: Incidence in Danish School Children
Authors: ØSTER JAKOB , NIELSEN ARNE 
Published: January 2008

SummaryNaevi in the fovea nuchae and telangiectases in the superior interscapular region have been found with great frequency in 2,171 school children aged 6‐17 years during a systematic search for these phenomena. The incidence of nuchal naevi was 46.2 per cent in girls, 35.1 per cent in boys. The incidence of telangiectasis was 39.9 per cent in girls and 32.3 per cent in boys.No connection was found between the incidence of naevi and telangiectases.Concerning nuchal naevi the incidence seems to be independent of age for boys, while for girls there seems to be an increase at the ages of 12‐13 years, and a subsequent decrease.For boys and girls with interscapular telangiectases the course is parallel with constant values up to the age of 14 years with a subsequent decrease.A comparison is made of other investigations concerning these phenomena, the significance of which is discussed.
INCREASED FLUORIDE INGESTION BY BOTTLE‐FED INFANTS AND ITS EFFECT
Authors: ERICSSON Y. , RIBELIUS U. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryInfant feeding with water‐diluted cow's milk or, still more, dry‐milk formulas supplies many times greater fluoride doses than breast‐feeding, already with low water fluoride content, An investigation of schoolchildren in Uppsala (1.2 ppm F in the drinking water) showed only an insignificant trend towards increased enamel mottling in typically formula‐fed children compared to breast‐fed children. No health hazard thus seems to be involved.
RENAL FUNCTION DURING HYDROPENIA AND WATER DIURESIS IN CHILDREN WITH RECURRENT URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS
Authors: APERIA A. , BERG U. , BROBERGER O. 
Published: January 2008

SUMMARYThe glomerular filtration rate (GFR), urinary concentrating and diluting capacity and sodium excretion have been determined in 17 children with previous histories of urinary tract infection confirmed by urine cultures. There were no signs or symptoms of infection at the time of the study. Renal function was found to be normal in patients with normal intravenous pyelographies (IVPs). In the patients with renal parenchymal changes a wide variety of functional changes could be found. Reduction of the glomerular filtration rate was the predominant lesion. The GFR could however not be predicted by the IVP‐appearance. Most of the patients were able to increase the GFR during water diuresis. The glomerular‐tubular balance for sodium was reset in 3 of the patients as manifested by an increased CNa/CIn. The concentrating capacity was also reduced in those 3 patients, indicating an impairment of the sodium reabsorption in the loop of Henle. All the patients were able to dilute the urine normally during water diuresis, but 5 of the patients were unable to increase their diluting capacity during the transition from hydropenia to water diuresis. It is noteworthy that only those patients were unable to increase the GFR significantly during the transition from hydropenia to water diuresis.
C‐REACTIVE PROTEIN IN SERUM FROM INFANTS AS DETERMINED WITH IMMUNODIFFUSION TECHNIQUES
Authors: SAXSTAD J. , NILSSON L.‐A. , HANSON L. A. 
Published: January 2008

SUMMARYQuantitative CRP determinations using immunodiffusion methods have been performed on 113 infants with various infections. Occurrence and concentration of CRP differed for various infectious diseases. Thus it was found in only a third of the infants with gastroenteritis, whereas it was found in all infants with pyelonephritis, mostly in high concentrations.
SEPARATION BY GEL FILTRATION AND MICRODETERMINATION OF UNBOUND BILIRUBIN
Authors: CHUNGA F. , LARDINOIS R. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryA gel filtration technique and a diazoreaction method for unbound bilirubin separation and determination, directly applicable to small blood volumes has been described.Precision of the microdetermination, reproducibility of the separation method and bilirubin recovery have been very satisfactory in our hands.The effects of pH and relative albumin concentration on the albumin‐bilirubin binding were studied in sera and in commercial albumin‐bilirubin mixtures.
ARTERIOVENOUS FISTULA FOR HAEMODIALYSIS IN CHILDREN
Authors: LINDSTEDT ERIC , LINDERGARD BIRGER , LINDHOLM TORE 
Published: January 2008

SummaryThe subcutaneous fistula according to Cimino‐ Brescia was used in three children, 14, 13 and 7 years of age, for regular haemodialysis up to 25 months. No adverse effects on the central or local circulation were recorded, and no significant difference appeared in the growth of the fistula limb compared with that of the contralateral. The repeated percutaneous punc‐ tures have given no significant technic 81 or psychological problems to the patients nor to the nurses.
THE COMBINED XYLOSE‐DISACCHARIDE TOLERANCE TEST: ITS APPLICATION FOR DIAGNOSING DISACCHARIDASE DEFICIENCY
Authors: FERNANDES J. , van de KAMER J. H. 
Published: January 2008

SummarySix children with a sucrase‐isomaltase deficiency were subjected to an oral tolerance test with sucrose or lactose combined with d(+)‐xylose.Simultaneous determination of a xylose curve allowed a more certain interpretation of the blood glucose curve. A flat glucose curve combined with a normal xylose rise points to an impaired enzymic hydrolysis rather than to a defective absorption of its component monosaccharides. Compared with the normal range ±2 S.D. derived from 90 xylose curves of 61 “normal” children, the sucrase‐isomaltase deficients showed normal xylose curves.
CUTIS LAXA ASSOCIATED WITH SEVERE INTRAUTERINE GROWTH RETARDATION AND CONGENITAL DISLOCATION OF THE HIP
Authors: REISNER S. H. , SEELENFREUND M. , BEN‐BASSAT M. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryTwo female siblings with cutis laxa are reported. Both these infants showed marked intrauterine growth retardation, hyperlaxity of the joints, with congenital dislocation of the hip. Four similar female infants have been reported in the literature. The mode of inheritance appears to be as an autosomal recessive gene. The marked degree of intrauterine growth retardation may be indicative of a more severe form of the disease, which might be lethal in the male foetus.