bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The 1988 Bethesda system for reporting cervical/vaginal cytologic diagnoses: Developed and approved at the national cancer institute workshop in Bethesda, MD, December 12–13, 1988
Authors: Soloman Diane 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe Bethesda System for reporting cervical/vaginal diagnoses, introduced in this article, is a flexible guideline and can be modified as appropriate to meet the needs of cytopathologists, referring physicians, and patients.
The future of cytotechnology
Authors: Hogan Christine L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe future of cytotechnology will reflect the sweeping changes taking place in diagnostic cytology today. These changes affect a variety of issues including the decreasing enrollment in cytotechnology training programs, the growing shortage of qualified technologists, the dilemma of unfavorable publicity, and the implementation of increasing government legislation. Despite these difficulties, this is a technically exciting time in cytology. Many new techniques, including immunocytochemistry, flow cytometry, image analysis, and DNA hybridization, are currently being applied to diagnostic cytology. The need for reform and the prospect of state‐of‐the‐art technology will combine to shape the profession of cytotechnology.
The value of fine‐needle aspiration biopsy in the cytodiagnosis of salivary gland lesions
Authors: Jayaram N. , Ashim Das , Rajwanshi A. , Radhika S. , Banerjee C. K. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFine‐needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) was performed on 195 cases of salivary gland lesions. The smears were technically adequate in 178 cases. Tissue examination was available for subsequent histocytologic correlation in 57 cases. The cytodiagnosis included inflammatory lesions (59) and benign (68) and malignant (51) tumors (total, 119). The accuracy of cytodiagnosis was 87.7% with a sensitivity of 80.9% and a specificity of 94.3%. Exact histologic typing was possible in 61.9% of the malignant tumors. Mucoepidermoid tumors and cellularatypical pleomorphic adenoma posed difficulties in cytodiagnosis.
Ductal carcinoma‐in‐situ of the breast: Fine‐needle aspiration cytology of 12 cases
Authors: Sneige Nour , White Virginia A. , Katz Ruth L. , Troncoso Patricia , Libshitz Herman I. , Hortobagyi Gabriel N. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAspiration specimens from 12 patients with histologically documented ductal carcinoma‐in‐situ (DCIS) of the breast (seven patients) or DCIS with minute foci of stromal invasion (five) were evaluated. Five patients presented with palpable masses, 1.5–4.0 cm, and four patients presented with localized thickening, associated with nipple erosion and discharge in two of them. One patient had nipple inversion, and one patient had bilateral nipple discharge. In one patient, no apparent abnormality of the breast was present. Mammography was either suspicious for or strongly suggestive of carcinoma in 10 patients and negative in two. Aspirates from all patients were composed of fragments of atypical ductal epithelium and numerous single epithelial cells. In nine cases, the smears were hypercellular and similar to aspirates of typical invasive ductal carcinoma. Calcifications were present in six cases. In four of these, associated tumor necrosis was evident. Cytologic features separating DCIS patients from those showing minimal stromal invasion or common types of invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) were not identified. We conclude that fine‐needle aspiration cytology of DCIS is identical to that of IDC. If preoperative radiotherapy or chemotherapy is considered in the management of invasive breast carcinoma, cutting‐needle biopsy for confirmation of tumor invasion is necessary.
Criteria for aspiration cytology for the diagnosis of seminoma
Authors: Fleury‐Feith J. , Bellot‐Besnard J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFine‐needle aspiration cytology was performed in two cases of intra‐abdominal tumors, one from retroperitoneal lymph nodes and one from a cryptorchid testis. The cytological diagnosis was consistent with seminoma in both cases. Cytological features included uniform neoplastic malignant cells with round nuclei and nucleoli. The cytoplasm, easily observed on May‐Grünwald‐Giemsa‐stained smears, contained large vacuoles or lacunes filled with glycogen. Alkaline phosphatase activity was strictly located to one cytoplasmic area of the cells. This cytological and cytoenzymatic pattern is different from that observed in other intra‐abdominal tumors, including adenocarcinoma, large‐cell lymphoma, and embryonal carcinoma.
Fine‐needle aspiration cytology of sacrococcygeal chordoma
Authors: Nijhawan Vijay S. , Rajwanshi Arvind , Das Ashim , Jayaram N. , Gupta Subhash K. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe fine‐needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of four cases of chordoma that were diagnosed preoperatively is presented. One of the cases showed anaplastic components along with the classical features of chordoma; this is probably the second case diagnosed with these features on FNAC. The cytologic features of classical chordoma include conspicuous extracellular matrix in the background. Polygonal cells, dissociated and in small groups, were identifed in all cases. Physaliphorous cells were also prominently found in these cases. In addition, the case with anaplastic features showed very bizarre cells with profound multinucleation and the presence of intranuclear cytoplasmic inclusions. The diagnosis of chordoma was possible because of a high index of suspicion on clinical grounds and the use of special staining for confirmation.
Mucinous cystadenocarcinoma of the pancreas: Diagnosis by fine‐needle aspiration cytology
Authors: Gupta Raj K. , Scally John , Stewart Richard J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTwo cases of mucinous cystadenocarcinoma of the pancreas are described in which the diagnosis was made from the material obtained by a computed tomography‐guided fine‐needle aspiration cytology examination. It is strongly felt that aspiration cytology, when performed under imaging guidance, is sensitive and specific in the diagnosis of mucinous cystadenocarcinoma and allows for a relatively simple yet confident diagnostic interpretation of this uncommon pancreatic tumour.
False‐positive diagnosis in fine‐needle aspiration of an atypical Warthin's tumor: Histochemical differential stains for cytodiagnosis
Authors: Laucirica Rodolfo , Farnum James B. , Leopold Sophie K. , Kalin George B. , Youngberg George A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractCytologic smears of a Warthin's tumor (WT) typically consist of sheets of oncocytic (oxyphilic) cells and scattered lymphocytes. Reparative foci within this neoplasm can occur, which may give rise to exfoliated, malignant‐appearing, squamouslike cells. A false‐positive diagnosis of squamous carcinoma can occur when these atypical cells dominate the cytologic aspirate. Histochemical and immunoperoxidase stains may aid in diagnosing an atypical WT when the usual cytologic features are absent.
Mites in pulmonary cytology specimens
Authors: Farley Margaret L. , Mabry Linda C. , Hieger Leroy R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMites were observed in 55 pulmonary specimens examined routinely over a 4.5‐yr period. The 55 specimens included 33 spontaneous and 12 aerosol‐induced sputum samples, nine bronchial washings, and one fine‐needle aspirate. Two specimens contained only fragments of mites; however, in most cases the mites were relatively intact. Many were identified as Tyrophagus sp, but a few were definitely not Tyrophagus sp. Although only a single mite was noted in most instances, eight specimens contained more than one, with the maximum being six. No patient was found to have a mite in more than one specimen. Mite eggs were found in five of the specimens containing mites. One specimen contained adults and a larval form. Mites appeared to be surrounded by acute inflammatory cells in 13 cases. Specimens were processed by the Saccomanno blending technique with smears prepared by pipetting a portion directly onto a slide or by utilizing a cytocentrifuge. No mites were found in nonpulmonary specimens. Both a seasonal variation and an interobserver variability were found. Mites often resemble specimen contaminants, such as food, and may be overlooked on routine screening. Mites are known to represent or produce a respiratory allergen, but the significance of their presence in pulmonary cytology specimens has not been determined.
Fine‐needle aspiration cytology in lymphomas and related disorders
Authors: Pontifex A. H. , Haley L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFine‐needle aspiration (FNA) is a useful technique in the care of patients with lymphomas and related diseases. It is most effective when the aspiration and interpretation are performed by the same individual and when a Romanowsky stain is the primary stain. Special studies that are applicable to lymph nodes biopsies can also be utilized in specimens obtained by FNA. In the previously undiagnosed patient, where a presumptive diagnosis of lymphoma is made by FNA, a subsequent open biopsy will usually be necessary. At that time, all the measures necessary for the precise classification of the lymphoma can be undertaken under ideal conditions. If a lesion appears reactive by FNA, then a period of clinical observation is required. In the patient with a previously diagnosed lymphoma, FNA is chiefly useful to exclude other coincidental disease and to confirm or exclude transformation of low‐grade lymphoma to a more aggressive phase.
The use of gastric salvage cytology in the diagnosis of malignancy: A review of 731 cases
Authors: Green Linda Kathleen , Zachariah Susan , Graham David Y. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractOver an 8‐yr period at the Houston Veterans Hospital, 731 endoscopic gastric salvage cytologies were performed in 671 patients, with surgical biopsy also done in 660. Seventy‐six patients subsequently had tissue biopsy‐proven or resection‐proven malignancies. Salvage cytology had a sensitivity of 91 % and a specificity of 100% for the detection of primary adenocarcinoma. Biopsy alone had a sensitivity of 92%; endoscopic gastric salvage cytology and surgical biopsy combined had a sensitivity of 100% in both primary and metastatic neoplasms. This study shows that the combination of endoscopic biopsy and salvage cytology increases the diagnostic accuracy for gastric carcinoma. Gastric salvage cytology requires minimal disruption of the routine endoscopic procedure and is therefore an easier and more rapid cyfologic technique than gastric brushing cytology.
“Thick” cell membranes revealed by immunocytochemical staining: A clue to the diagnosis of mesothelioma
Authors: Leong Anthony s.‐Y. , Parkinson Richard , Milios James 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe distinction of malignant mesothelioma from metastatic adenocarcinoma in pleural effusions and biopsies is frequently a diagnostic problem. Immunocytochemical staining of 13 malignant mesotheliomas, eight primary adenocarcinomas of the lung, five metastatic adenocarcinomas of the lung, and 20 primary adenocarcinomas in extrapulmonary sites with a monoclonal antibody to epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) revealed ‘thick’ cell membranes in all cases of mesothelioma. This distinctive pattern of staining was seen in the periphery of cell clusters and circumferentially around individual cells in cytologic preparations, cell blocks, and tissue sections. Intracel‐Mar and intercellular acini were also outlined by anti‐EMA, and long intraluminal microvillous projections were demonstrated. Weak cytoplasmic staining was only rarely seen in mesothelioma cells. This membranous staining pattern was not observed in adenocarcinomas, which displayed strong and diffuse cytoplasmic staining. The immunocytochemical demonstration of thick and spiky membranes circumferentially disposed around individual cells corresponds to aberrant microvilli, a diagnostic clue in the recognition of malignant mesothelioma.
Transbronchial needle aspiration biopsy in the diagnosis of pulmonary neoplasms
Authors: Bhat Nalini , Bhagat Pradeep , Pearlman Eugene S. , Kane Gregory , Figueroa William , Kannan Vaidehi , Kline Tilde S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTo evaluate the usefulness of transbronchial needle aspiration biopsy (TBNAB) in the primary diagnosis of lung cancer, we undertook a prospective study of this technique, assessing specimens from 124 patients over a 3‐yr period. Cytologic and/or histologic material obtained by an alternate technique was available for 105 (84.7%) of the patients. The diagnostic sensitivity of TBNAB was comparable with that of other bronchoscopic techniques; with the addition of TBNAB, the overall sensitivity of bronchoscopy was increased from 54% to 72% (P < 0.001). Because of its usefulness for diagnosis of submucosal tumors and its safety, we conclude that TBNAB is a useful addition to current methods for the diagnosis of suspicious pulmonary lesions.
Rates of condyloma and dysplasia in papanicolaou smears with and without endocervical cells
Authors: Mauney Marc , Eide David , Sotham Joseph 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA retrospective study of 36,853 Papanicolaou smears recorded in our laboratory during the latter half of 1988 was undertaken to assess the effect of the absence or presence of columnar endocervical cells on the detection rate of cervical condyloma acuminatum and squamous dysplasia. We found that condyloma was diagnosed only slightly more frequently in smears with endocervical cells than in those without. However, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia was detected 2.3 times more frequently in smears with endocervical cells. The disparity in detection rate increased with higher grades of dysplasia. A significant difference in detection rate was maintained in all age groups except teenagers and patients 60 yr old and above. This suggests that smears lacking endocervical cells are less sensitive in screening for dysplasia and should be repeated when clinically appropriate.
Cytologic features of atypical mesothelial cells in peritoneal dialysis fluid
Authors: Selvaggi Suzanne M. , Migdal Stephen 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFrom February 1988 through October 1988, 23 samples of peritoneal dialysis fluid from 20 patients with end‐stage renal disease were cytologically analyzed in an attempt to determine the effect of the dialysate on the mesothelial cells lining the peritoneal cavity. The patients, five female and 15; male, ranging in age from 26 to 75 yr, had been on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) from 1 mo to 6 yr, 4 mo. The patients had no history of cirrhosis, neoplastic disease, radiation and/or chemotherapy, or current findings of infection. Smears and cytosieve filter preparations were made. Smear analysis included the mesothelial cell pattern, the degree of mesothelial cell atypia, and the presence of atypical multinucleated cells and mitoses. In the majority of the fluid samples, reactive mesothelial cells were arranged singly and in sheets. Moderately and severely atypical mesothelial cells were glandular and papillary in configuration. All samples contained at least a few reactive mesothelial cells: in six, the highest degree of cellular atypia was moderate: in 17, it was severe. The development of severe cellular atypia did not appear to be time dependent (a finding noted in samples from patients on dialysis for 6 mo up to 6 yr). When present, multinucleated mesothelial cells showed moderate to severe atypia. In four cases mitotic figures were present. On the basis of these findings, it is proposed that peritoneal dialysis plays a role in the development of mesothelial cell atypia.
Hydatid cyst: Primary diagnosis by fine‐needle aspiration biopsy
Authors: Ascoli Valeria , Teggi Antonella , Gossetti Francesco , Nardi Francesco 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTwo cases of soft‐tissues echinococcosis are presented in which the definitive diagnosis was established by identifying laminated layer remnants on fine‐needle aspiration smears. Large polygonal pieces of acellular material with delicate parallel striations were seen, while neither scolices nor hooklets were found. The cases reported most likely represent the occurrence of sterile hydatid cysts. A diagnosis of echinococcosis should be considered when fragments suggestive of laminated layer are identified on smears, even in unusual sites and without evidence of hooklets and/or scolices.
Mucin production by pleomorphic adenomas of the parotid gland: A cytologic spectrum
Authors: Stanley Michael W. , Lowhagen Torsten 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMucinous salivary gland aspirations represent a special diferential diagnostic problem. Considerations include pleomorphic adenoma. Warthin's tumor, chronic obstructive sialadenitis. and low‐grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma. We herein discuss three cases that illustrate a spectrum of mucin production by pleomorphic adenomas. The literature is reviewed, and the possible distinction of pleomorphic adenoma from low‐grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma is considered.
Rapid microwave‐stimulated fixation of fine‐needle aspiration biopsies for transmission electron microscopy
Authors: Gove David W. , Lang Carol A. , Waterhouse Lynette K. , Leong Anthony s.‐Y. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA new technique is described in which fine‐needle aspiration biopsies are processed for transmission electron microscopy within 2 hr. This rapid processing method includes exposure of the biopsy in a glutaraldehyde‐formaldehyde mixture to microwaves for 25 sec in a domestic oven. The specimen is then routinely stained, processed through graded ethanol, and embedded in epoxy resin to produce excellent preservation of fine structural features.
Cytology of nonneoplastic cysts of the ovary
Authors: Selvaggi Suzanne M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFrom March 1986 through September 1988, cytologic material from 13 nonneoplastic ovarian cysts collected at the time of surgical removal of the ovary was compared with the histologic follow‐up of these lesions in an attempt to characterize the cytologic features of benign ovarian cysts. In 22 additional nonneoplastic cysts, cellular material was obtained by the clinician with fine‐needle aspiration, The 32 patients ranged in age from 18 to 64 yr (mean, 36.8; median, 35.5); of these, 24 were premenopausal, 6 were perimenopausal, and 2 were postmenopausal. Cytologically, follicular cysts (two cases) showed clusters of granulosa cells, some containing mitotic figures. Luteinized follicular cysts (11 cases) were composed of granulosa cells admixed with luteinized granulosa cells. Hemorrhagic corpora lutei (five cases) were characterized by fresh blood containing hemosiderin‐laden macrophages and luteinized granulosa cells. Hemorrhagic corpus heal cysts (10 cases) showed the presence of luteinized granulosa cells, fibroblasts, hemosiderin‐laden macrophages, fresh blood, and abundant fibrin. In addition to these findings, regressing corpora lutei (two cases) contained macrophages with yellow hematoidin pigment. Endometriotic cysts (three cases) were composed of fresh blood, hemosiderin‐laden macrophages, and scattered endometrial cells. In two cysts, subclassification was not possible due to scanty cellularity. An understanding of the cytologic features of nonneoplastic ovarian cysts may encourage aspiration as opposed to surgical ovarian removal. This has important implications, particularly in women of child‐bearing age who wish to preserve their fertility.
Chlamydia trachomatisin cervical uterine irradiated cancer patients
Authors: Maeda Marina Yoshiě Sakamoto , Filho Adhemar Longatto , Shih Lai Wun Song , Cavaliere Maria José , Oyafuso Marina Suheko , Marziona Francisco , Santos Donizetti Ramos , Carvalho Manoel InáCio 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTwenty‐two women with uterine carcinoma with morphological alterations postradiation treatment suggestive ofChlamydia trachomatisinfection were analyzed by direct immunofluorescence. The diagnosis was confirmed in 12 (54.4%) cases. Discussions of the presence ofChlamydiain irradiated cells were not found in the literature. This finding may signify a posttherapeutic morbidity or a preradiation infection.
Fine‐needle aspiration cytology of granulocytic sarcoma and myeloid metaplasia
Authors: Silverman Jan F. , Geisinger Kim R. , Kim Park H. , Strausbauch Paul R. , Frable William J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) cytology of two cases of granulocytic sarcoma involving the breast is reported along with the FNA cytology of one case of myeloid metaplasia (extramedullary hematopoiesis) involving an axillalry lymph node. Two patients had known myeloproliferative disorders, while granulocytic sarcoma of the breast was the initial presentation of an unsuspected acute granulocytic leukemia in the other patient. Diff‐Quik‐stained preparations aided in the diagnosis of all three cases. Immunoperoxidase stains for factor VIII‐related antigen helped confirm the megakaryocytic differentiation of the cells in the FNA cytology of myeloid metaplasia. Electron microscopic (EM) examination performed on the aspirated material also showed megakaryocytic differentiation of the bizarre cells. FNA cytology can make a specific diagnosis of granulocytic sarcoma and myeloid metaplasia. The workup of these unusual extramedullary myeloproliferative masses was aided when immunocytochemistry and EM were performed on the aspirated material.
Malignant rhabdoid tumor of the kidney diagnosed by fine‐needle aspiration cytology
Authors: Drut Ricardo 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA case of malignant rhabdoid tumor (MRT) of the kidney diagnosed by fine‐needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in a 4‐mo‐old infant who later developed a left pleural' effusion (also recognized as metastatic disease by cytologic means) is reported. Rhabdoid cells—intermediate‐sized cells with vesicular nuclei and prominent nucleoli, exhibiting a paranuclear, eosinophilic. dense inclusion—seem to be specific enough for this tumor to allow diagnosis by FNAC.
B cell lymphoma of the thyroid in hashimoto's thyroiditis monitored by fine‐needle aspiration cytology
Authors: Jayaram Gita , Rani Sudha , Raina Vinita , Singh Col Harcharan , Chandra Mithilesh , Marwaha Raman Kumar 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAn 80‐yr‐old female with a grade I diffuse goiter was diagnosed on fine‐needle aspiration cytology as having Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Two years later, she developed a hard nodular growth in the right lobe of the thyroid, which was subjected to fine‐needle aspiration and diagnosed as a non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma. Immunocytology demonstrated the monoclonal B cell nature of the lesion. The patient underwent total thyroidectomy and is alive and free of the disease 27 mo after surgery.
Efficacy of fine‐needle aspiration and sampling of lymph nodes in 1,484 chinese patients
Authors: Hsu Chih , Leung Betty S. Y. , Lau Sai‐Kit , Sham Jonathan S. T. , Choy Damon , Engzell Ulf 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA retrospective study of 1,855 fine‐needle aspirations of the lymph node (LN) from 1,484 Chinese patients in Queen Mary Hospital over a period of 11.5 yr (January 1, 1976, to June 30, 1987) was reviewed and analyzed. Positive cytologic results diagnosed malignancies in 49.3%. Sensitivity and specificity of cytology reached 95% and 96.5%, respectively. The order of frequency of the metastatic tumors according to primary sites was analyzed. The most common metastatic carcinomas in various groups of LNs were nasopharyngeal carcinoma in the cervical LN. breast carcinoma in the axillary LN, and cervical carcinoma in both the groin and pelvic LNs. Tuberculosis (TB) is an important dixerential diagnosis: FNAC showed a sensitivity of 76.9% in the detection of TB lymphadenopathy.