bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seeing the Whole Picture: Evaluating the Contribution of Whole Grains to Phosphorus Exposure in People With Kidney Failure Undergoing Dialysis Treatment
Authors: Winkelman Dillon , Gallant Kathleen Hill , Moe Sharon , St‐Jules David E. 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACTExcessive dietary phosphorus is a concern among patients with kidney failure undergoing dialysis treatment because it may contribute to hyperparathyroidism and hyperphosphatemia. A long‐standing but untested component of the low‐phosphorus diet is the promotion of refined grains over whole grains. This paper reviews the scientific premise for restricting whole grains in the dialysis population and estimates phosphorus exposure from grain products based on three grain intake patterns modeled from reported intakes in the general US population, adjusting for the presence of phosphorus additives and phosphorus bioavailability: (1) standard grain intake, (2) 100% refined grain intake, and (3) mixed (50/50 whole and refined grain) intake. Although estimated phosphorus exposure from grains was higher with the mixed grain pattern (231 mg/day) compared to the 100% refined grain pattern (127 mg/day), the amount of additional phosphorus from grains was relatively low. Given the lack of strong evidence for restricting whole grains in people with CKD, as well as the potential health benefits of whole grains, clinical trials are warranted to address the efficacy and health impact of this practice.
Collection efficiency and safety of large‐volume leukapheresis for the manufacturing of tisagenlecleucel
Authors: Kitamura Wataru , Urata Tomohiro , Fujii Keiko , Fukumi Takuya , Ikeuchi Kazuhiro , Seike Keisuke , Fujiwara Hideaki , Asada Noboru , Ennishi Daisuke , Matsuoka Ken‐ichi , Otsuka Fumio , Maeda Yoshinobu , Fujii Nobuharu 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundIn patients with relapsed or refractory B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia or B cell non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (r/r B‐ALL/B‐NHL) with low CD3+ cells in the peripheral blood (PB), sufficient CD3+ cell yield in a single day may not be obtained with normal‐volume leukapheresis (NVL). Large‐volume leukapheresis (LVL) refers to the processing of more than three times the total blood volume (TBV) in a single session for PB apheresis; however, the efficiency and safety of LVL for manufacturing of tisagenlecleucel (tisa‐cel) remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the tolerability of LVL.Study Design and MethodsWe retrospectively collected data on LVL (≥3‐fold TBV) and NVL (<3‐fold TBV) performed for patients with r/r B‐ALL/B‐NHL in our institution during November 2019 and September 2023. All procedures were performed using a continuous mononuclear cell collection (cMNC) protocol with the Spectra Optia.ResultsAlthough pre‐apheresis CD3+ cells in the PB were significantly lower in LVL procedures (900 vs. 348/μL, p < .01), all patients could obtain sufficient CD3+ cell yield in a single day with a comparably successful rate of final products (including out‐of‐specification) between the two groups (97.2% vs. 100.0%, p = 1.00). The incidence and severity of citrate toxicity (no patients with grade ≥ 3) during procedures was not significantly different between the two groups (22.2% vs. 26.1%, p = .43) and no patient discontinued leukapheresis due to any complications.ConclusionLVL procedures using Spectra Optia cMNC protocol was well tolerated and did not affect the manufacturing of tisa‐cel.
Preliminary evaluation of a commercial shampoo and fine bubble bathing in the treatment of canine atopic dermatitis: A single‐blinded, randomised, controlled study
Authors: Taguchi Norihito , Onishi Ikki , Iyori Keita , Hsiao Yun‐Hsia 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundFine bubble (FB) bathing has shown benefits on a mouse model of atopic dermatitis (AD). However, its efficacy in dogs with AD remains to be evaluated.ObjectiveThis study aimed to assess the clinical effectiveness of FB bathing in dogs with AD.AnimalsSeventeen dogs with AD whose clinical presentation showed a Canine Atopic Dermatitis Extent and Severity Index, 4th iteration (CADESI‐04) score of <40.Materials and MethodsThe dogs were randomly assigned to either the FB bathing group or the shampoo group. The treatments were administered once a week as per the instructions, in a trial totalling 4 weeks. Evaluations were conducted on Day (D)0 and D28 to assess the outcomes of the trial. The severity of AD was measured using the CADESI‐04 and the pruritus Visual Analog Scale (PVAS). The skin barrier function parameters, transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and stratum corneum hydration were measured before and after the treatment.ResultsBoth treatment groups demonstrated a decreasing trend in CADESI‐04 scores, yet the FB group exhibited significant improvement in comparison to the shampoo group after 1 month of trial. There were no significant changes in PVAS scores in either group. No significant difference was found in skin barrier function parameters between the two treatments, although TEWL slightly decreased in the FB group and slightly increased in the shampoo group after treatment.Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceThese results suggested that FB treatment provides benefits for dogs with AD and offers an alternative topical treatment option with a lesser impact on skin barrier function compared to frequent shampooing.
Evaluation of the impact of diagnostic blood loss and red blood cell transfusion in very‐low‐birth‐weight anaemic neonates during hospitalization: A multi‐centre retrospective clinical study
Authors: Ma Ting , Yang Jiangcun , Sun Yang , Song Aowei , Zhang Jin , Shen Yuan , Hua Kai , Wu Wenjing , Chen Wei 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesDiagnostic blood loss is a significant factor in the development of anaemia in neonates with very low birth weight. This study aimed to assess the clinical efficacy of intervention approaches involving varying diagnostic blood loss and red blood cell transfusion volumes in neonates with very low birth weights experiencing anaemia during hospitalization.Materials and MethodsA total of 785 newborns with anaemia weighing less than 1500 g were enrolled from 32 hospitals in China. The study involved monitoring diagnostic blood loss and red blood cell transfusion and evaluating relevant interventions such as red blood cell transfusion and clinical outcomes. Three intervention approaches were established based on the difference between blood loss and transfusion (Intervention Approaches 0, 1 and 2). The primary outcomes measured were unsatisfactory weight gain during hospitalization and neonatal mortality. The secondary outcomes included related complications.ResultsIn the non‐hospital‐acquired anaemia group, Intervention Approach 2 had the highest incidence of below‐normal weight gain (odds ratio [OR]: 3.019, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.081–8.431, p = 0.035). Multivariate analysis revealed that Intervention Approach 1 had a protective effect on weight gain. In the hospital‐acquired anaemia group, Intervention Approach 2 had the highest incidence of below‐normal weight gain (OR: 3.335, 95% CI: 1.785–6.234, p = 0.000) and mortality (OR: 5.341, 95% CI: 2.449–11.645, p = 0.000), while Intervention Approach 1 had the lowest incidence of intraventricular haemorrhage. Intervention Approach 1 demonstrated favourable outcomes in both anaemia groups.ConclusionIntervention Approach 1 improved weight gain and reduced mortality and complications in both the non‐hospital‐acquired and hospital‐acquired anaemia groups.
MRSA infection, re‐infection and clinical outcomes in diabetic foot infections
Authors: Suludere Mehmet A. , Öz Orhan K. , Rogers Lee C. , Wukich Dane K. , Malone Matthew , Lavery Lawrence A. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe aim was to investigate methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) incidence, conversion and outcomes in diabetic foot infections (DFIs). This is a pooled patient‐level analysis of combined data sets from two randomised clinical trials including 219 patients admitted to the hospital with moderate or severe DFIs. Intraoperative bone and tissue cultures identified bacterial pathogens. We identified pathogens at index infections and subsequent re‐infections. We identified MRSA conversion (MSSA to MRSA) in re‐infections. MRSA incidence in index infections was 10.5%, with no difference between soft tissue infections (STIs) and osteomyelitis (OM). MRSA conversion occurred in 7.7% of the re‐infections in patients who initially had MSSA in their cultures. Patients with re‐infection were 2.2 times more likely to have MRSA compared to the first infection (10.5% vs. 25.8%, relative risk [RR] = 2.2, p = 0.001). Patients with MRSA had longer antibiotic treatment during the 1‐year follow‐up, compared to other pathogens (other 49.8 ± 34.7 days, MRSA 65.3 ± 41.5 days, p = 0.04). Furthermore, there were no differences in healing, time to heal, length of stay, re‐infection, amputation, re‐ulceration, re‐admission, surgery after discharge and amputation after discharge compared to other pathogens. The incidence of MRSA at the index was 10.5% with no difference in STI and OM. MRSA incidence was 25.8% in re‐infections. The RR of having MRSA was 2.2 times higher in re‐infections. Patients with MRSA used more antibiotics during the 1‐year follow‐up. Furthermore, there were no differences in clinical outcomes compared to other bacterial pathogens.
A New Handheld Tool to Select the Correct Tibial Insert Thickness by Measuring the Force to Push a Trial Insert Into Position During Total Knee Arthroplasty Surgery
Authors: Santana Gabriel , Howell Stephen M. , Hull Maury L. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
During total knee arthroplasty (TKA) surgery, an important step is determining the correct insert thickness for each patient. If the insert is too thick, then stiffness results. Or conversely, if the insert is too thin, then instability results. One common method used to determine the insert thickness is by manually assessing the joint laxity; this is a qualitative method that depends on the surgeon's experience and “feel” and is unreliable. The lack of objective methods to reliably determine the correct insert thickness creates a need to develop such a method. One possible method is to measure the force required to push a trial insert into position, requiring a specialized tool to measure the push force. Hence, a new measuring tool was designed to measure the push force intra-operatively, accurately, and safely. To demonstrate functionality, the tool was tested on three patients. During the tests, the surgeon determined the appropriate thicknesses of the insert to trial and proceeded to position three different insert thicknesses ranging from 10 mm to 12 mm, and example push forces were recorded. The new tool met all the design criteria, and the example results from the patient testing show potential in using the peak push force to identify the insert with the correct thickness.
The SARS-CoV-2 Spike is a virulence determinant and plays a major role on the attenuated phenotype of Omicron virus in a feline model of infection
Authors: Martins Mathias , Nooruzzaman Mohammed , Cunningham Jessie Lee , Ye Chengjin , Caserta Leonardo Cardia , Jackson Nathaniel , Martinez-Sobrido Luis , Fang Ying , Diel Diego G. 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT

The role of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron BA.1 Spike (S) on disease pathogenesis was investigated. For this, we generated recombinant viruses harboring the S D614G mutation (rWA1-D614G) and the Omicron BA.1 S gene (rWA1-Omi-S) in the backbone of the ancestral SARS-CoV-2 WA1 strain genome. The recombinant viruses were characterized
in vitro
and
in vivo
. Viral entry, cell-cell fusion, plaque size, and the replication kinetics of the rWA1-Omi-S virus were markedly impaired when compared to the rWA1-D614G virus, demonstrating a lower fusogenicity and ability to spread cell-to-cell of rWA1-Omi-S. To assess the contribution of the Omicron BA.1 S protein to SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis, the pathogenicity of rWA1-D614G and rWA1-Omi-S viruses was compared in a feline model. While the rWA1-D614G-inoculated cats were lethargic and showed increased body temperatures on days 2 and 3 post-infection (pi), rWA1-Omi-S-inoculated cats remained subclinical and gained weight throughout the 14-day experimental period. Animals inoculated with rWA1-D614G presented higher infectious virus shedding in nasal secretions, when compared to rWA1-Omi-S-inoculated animals. In addition, tissue replication of the rWA1-Omi-S was markedly reduced compared to the rWA1-D614G, as evidenced by lower viral load in tissues on days 3 and 5 pi. Histologic examination of the nasal turbinate and lungs revealed intense inflammatory infiltration in rWA1-D614G-inoculated animals, whereas rWA1-Omi-S-inoculated cats presented only mild to modest inflammation. Together, these results demonstrate that the S protein is a major virulence determinant for SARS-CoV-2 playing a major role for the attenuated phenotype of the Omicron virus.

IMPORTANCE
We have demonstrated that the Omicron BA.1.1 variant presents lower pathogenicity when compared to D614G (B.1) lineage in a feline model of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. There are over 50 mutations across the Omicron genome, of which more than two-thirds are present in the Spike (S) protein. To assess the role of the Omicron BA.1 S on virus pathogenesis, recombinant viruses harboring the S D614G mutation (rWA1-D614G) and the Omicron BA.1 Spike gene (rWA1-Omi-S) in the backbone of the ancestral SARS-CoV-2 WA1 were generated. While the Omicron BA.1 S promoted early entry into cells, it led to impaired fusogenic activity and cell-cell spread. Infection studies with the recombinant viruses in a relevant naturally susceptible feline model of SARS-CoV-2 infection here revealed an attenuated phenotype of rWA1-Omi-S, demonstrating that the Omi-S is a major determinant of the attenuated disease phenotype of Omicron strains.
Artificial food additives: hazardous to long-term health?
Authors: Warner John O 
Published: February 2024

Many additives, some of which have no nutritional value, can be legally used in processed foods. They intensify colour, thicken, increase shelf life and enhance flavour. Regulatory authorities issue approvals as safe within acceptable quantitative limits. Ultra-processed foods (UPFs) contain combinations of all these additives and are particularly attractive to children.Many publications suggest that artificial colourants, benzoate preservatives, non-caloric sweeteners, emulsifiers and their degradation derivatives have adverse effects by increasing risks of mental health disorders, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome and potential carcinogenic effects.A systematic review has established that artificial azo dye food colourants (AFCs) and sodium benzoate preservative cause disturbed behaviour in children. AFCs and benzoates in animal models have neurotoxic properties through gut microbial generation of toxic metabolites. Observational studies show associations between high emulsifier intake and cardiovascular disease. Animal models and in vitro studies have highlighted neurotoxic, cytotoxic, genotoxic and carcinogenic effects. High intake of non-caloric sweeteners has been linked to cardiovascular disease and depression in adults and is linked to childhood obesity.Little research has focused on children who are the largest consumers of UPFs. Potentially, they are a ticking time bomb for adult obesity, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular diseases, mental health disorders and cancers. Based on risk/benefit analysis, azo dye AFCs should be banned. Benzoates, emulsifiers and sweeteners require assessment of quantitative limits and cumulative effects of combinations. Consumers purchasing UPFs require information through ingredient health warnings and recommendations to use natural unprocessed foods which have well-described health-promoting properties.
Exposure-response associations between chronic exposure to fine particulate matter and risks of hospital admission for major cardiovascular diseases: population based cohort study
Authors: Wei Yaguang , Feng Yijing , Danesh Yazdi Mahdieh , Yin Kanhua , Castro Edgar , Shtein Alexandra , Qiu Xinye , Peralta Adjani A , Coull Brent A , Dominici Francesca , Schwartz Joel D 
Published: February 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo estimate exposure-response associations between chronic exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and risks of the first hospital admission for major cardiovascular disease (CVD) subtypes.DesignPopulation based cohort study.SettingContiguous US.Participants59 761 494 Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries aged ≥65 years during 2000-16. Calibrated PM2.5predictions were linked to each participant’s residential zip code as proxy exposure measurements.Main outcome measuresRisk of the first hospital admission during follow-up for ischemic heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, heart failure, cardiomyopathy, arrhythmia, valvular heart disease, thoracic and abdominal aortic aneurysms, or a composite of these CVD subtypes. A causal framework robust against confounding bias and bias arising from errors in exposure measurements was developed for exposure-response estimations.ResultsThree year average PM2.5exposure was associated with increased relative risks of first hospital admissions for ischemic heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, heart failure, cardiomyopathy, arrhythmia, and thoracic and abdominal aortic aneurysms. For composite CVD, the exposure-response curve showed monotonically increased risk associated with PM2.5: compared with exposures ≤5 µg/m3(the World Health Organization air quality guideline), the relative risk at exposures between 9 and 10 µg/m3, which encompassed the US national average of 9.7 µg/m3during the study period, was 1.29 (95% confidence interval 1.28 to 1.30). On an absolute scale, the risk of hospital admission for composite CVD increased from 2.59% with exposures ≤5 µg/m3to 3.35% at exposures between 9 and 10 µg/m3. The effects persisted for at least three years after exposure to PM2.5. Age, education, accessibility to healthcare, and neighborhood deprivation level appeared to modify susceptibility to PM2.5.ConclusionsThe findings of this study suggest that no safe threshold exists for the chronic effect of PM2.5on overall cardiovascular health. Substantial benefits could be attained through adherence to the WHO air quality guideline.
Women in Health and their Economic, Equity and Livelihood statuses during Emergency Preparedness and Response (WHEELER) protocol: a mixed methods study in Kenya
Authors: Langat Evaline Chepchichir , Mazoya Bilali Yusuf , Oginga Pauline , Okwaro Ferdinand , Matheka Norah , Kibara Irene , Otieno Rhoda , Mantel Michaela , Lorway Robert , du Plessis Elsabe , Temmerman Marleen , Avery Lisa 
Published: February 2024

IntroductionKenya reported its first COVID-19 case on 13 March 2020. Pandemic-driven health system changes followed and unforeseen societal, economic and health effects reported. This protocol aims to describe the methods used to identify the gender equality and health equity gaps and possible disproportional health and socioeconomic impacts experienced by paid and unpaid (community health volunteer) female healthcare providers in Kilifi and Mombasa Counties, Kenya during the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods and analysisParticipatory mixed methods framed by gender analysis and human-centred design will be used. Research implementation will follow four of the five phases of the human-centred design approach. Community research advisory groups and local advisory boards will be established to ensure integration and the sustainability of participatory research design.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval was obtained from the Institutional Scientific and Ethics Review Committee at the Aga Khan University and the University of Manitoba.This study will generate evidence on root cultural, structural, socioeconomic and political factors that perpetuate gender inequities and female disadvantage in the paid and unpaid health sectors. It will also identify evidence-based policy options for future safeguarding of the unpaid and paid female health workforce during emergency preparedness, response and recovery periods.
Knowledge, practice and attitudes regarding substance use disorder treatment and harm reduction strategies among pharmacists: a scoping review protocol
Authors: Pope Elle , McCullough Megan , Smith Jason G , Kim Bo 
Published: February 2024

IntroductionPharmacists provide a spectrum of services and comprehensive medication management for patients with substance use disorders (SUDs) with many providing timely and increased access to care for patients. Prior studies have evaluated other healthcare professionals’ attitudes, knowledge and practice in regard to SUD treatment and harm reduction services. However, no reviews to date summarise the available literature on the attitudes, knowledge and practice in regard to SUD treatment and harm reduction services from the pharmacist perspective. This scoping review aims to systematically map the extent, range and nature of available evidence and identify and describe gaps in knowledge, practice and attitudes towards SUD treatment among pharmacists with the goal of providing information for meaningful integration of pharmacists into SUD care.Methods and analysisWe will use the framework proposed by Arksey and O’Malley (2005) updated with recommendations by Levacet al(2010) and the Joanna Briggs Institute (2020). The protocol is registered via Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/92dek). We will search for peer-reviewed literature containing empirical evidence investigating SUD treatment or harm reduction with outcomes pertaining to the knowledge, practice or attitudes of pharmacists. Findings will be guided and assessed by research objectives and summarised using descriptive statistics and thematically for quantitative and qualitative findings, respectively. This review will be conducted and reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses for Scoping Reviews.Ethics and disseminationOur findings will provide crucial information and support for future interventions and programmes which aim to meaningfully integrate pharmacists into SUD care. We will disseminate findings at conferences and publish in a peer-reviewed journal. In addition, we will integrate feedback on search strategy, data extraction and our dissemination approach from multidisciplinary collaborators including those within our team’s institution and outside experts with clinical or administrative knowledge in SUD care.