bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
BETWEEN OUTCAST AND OUTSIDER: CONSTRUCTING THE IDENTITY OF THE FOREIGNER
Authors: Bagnoli Anna 
Published: March 2007

ABSTRACT
Through the adoption of a dialogical, self+other model, which can appreciate the presence of different discourses and cultures within the self, I have investigated the identities of young migrants. A sample of young Europeans participated in the research, narrating their migration stories with a variety of autobiographical methods which integrated interviews with diaries and visual media. Young migrants refer to their condition as foreigners as an ambivalent one, which, involving also much suffering, oscillates between two different ways of positioning the self. A dream of return is always dominant for the outcasts, who either feel at the margins or do not wish to immerse themselves any deeper in the society they have moved into. Migrating means instead reaching a different level of experience and knowledge of the world to the outsiders, who can successfully translate the detachment of their special positioning into a creative and hybrid reconstruction of identities.
CHALLENGES FACING THE EU: SCOPE FOR A COHERENT RESPONSE
Authors: Room Graham 
Published: March 2007

ABSTRACT
The EU faces a number of major challenges: to shift its support from the industries of the past to the knowledge-based industries of the future; to rescue the Lisbon strategy, designed to build a knowledge-based economy but so far achieving little; to re-engage with the European public after the difficulties with the Constitution. The paper argues that these challenges are intimately connected and that it is only by addressing them together that there is any hope for success. It elaborates these connections with particular reference to a reinvigorated Lisbon strategy with a strong social dimension. It concludes by delineating the corresponding challenge that faces the research community: to undertake a fundamental revision of its analysis of social policy in relation to modern economies; and to build a new toolkit for intelligent benchmarking.
Influence of harbour construction on mud accumulation in the Scheldt estuary
Authors: Wartel S. , Chen M. , van Eck G. T. M. , van Maldegem D. 
Published: March 2007

The bottom sediments of the turbidity maximum area of the Scheldt estuary were mapped in 1999 using echo sounding, sidescan sonar and grain-size analyses of bottom sediments. Four sediment types, sand, muddy sand, sandy mud and mud were recognised. Mud, with very little sand, occurs mainly in the access channels to the sluices giving access to the harbour docks of Antwerp. The sediments of the main channel have a sandier texture. One might conclude that the total mud stock in the middle estuary has increased, both between 1964–1986 and 1986–1999, but on the contrary the mud supply from the river, the mud stock in the river channel and the mud supply to the lower estuary have all decreased. The increase in the mud stock in the area as a whole was completely at the expense of mud deposition in the access channels to the sluice gates giving access to the harbour of Antwerp.
The mud stock in the river channel decreased over the years because of a decreasing mud supply from the river. The mud stock in the river channel shows variations that are directly related to fluctuations in the river load. When the suspended matter decreased during a certain year the supply of silt and clay particles decreased correspondingly and the resuspension-deposition mechanism caused a relative increase of the sand fraction in the bottom sediments in that year.
Heavy metal distribution of the South China Sea continental shelf sediments off Sabah and Sarawak coastlines
Authors: Antonina A. Nor , Azhar M. S. Noor , Lokman H. M. , Zauyah D. Siti , Kamaruzzaman Y. , Shamsuddin A. 
Published: March 2007

Fifty-one surface sediment samples from offshore Sabah and Sarawak were collected from the two cruises of the Marine Vessel Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Centre (MV SEAFDEC) before and after the northeast monsoon. The sediments were analyzed for heavy metal contents to determine the effects of monsoon seasons and spatial patterns of distribution. The contents of heavy metals were measured from the 63 μm fraction of the dried sediments and analyzed using an Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer.
The heavy metals studied were Al, Fe, Cr, Cu, Zn, Pb and Mn. Results showed that some metals were in concentrations lower than the average Earth!s crust. The lower or higher-than-normal values of some of the heavy metals studied can be attributed to the intensive weathering in the study area, mineralogy, effect of the monsoon and the Rajang River. Furthermore, normalization was done using Al as normalizer to determine whether the high levels of Pb were due to anthropogenic input or not. It was found that the values were higher but not necessarily an indication of inputs from human activities as high levels were also found far from the coast. This may be attributed to input of particulates from the Rajang River and possibly movement of bottom sediments.
Physico-chemical and environmental characterisation of sediments from Cantabrian estuaries (Northern Spain)
Authors: Coz A. , González-Piñuela C. , Andrés A. , Viguri J. R. 
Published: March 2007

Previous studies show that sediments of the Cantabrian estuaries (Northern Spain) contain significant concentrations of heavy metals and organic pollutants derived from intensive industrial, agricultural and urban activities. In the most polluted sediments of two estuaries (the bay of Santander and estuary of Suances), physico-chemical and environmental characterisation has been carried out.
Water content, density, pH, specific surface, porosity and particle diameter distribution have been evaluated as physical parameters. Total metal contents have been analysed as inorganic parameters. Loss of ignition (LOI), phenol index and extractable organic halogens (EOX) have been determined as organic parameters. Two leachate assays have been carried out in order to evaluate the environmental behaviour of the sediments. Total availability has been analysed using the NEN 7341 test and the mobility of the pollutants has been determined using the EN 12457 leaching test at two liquid/solid ratios. The obtained results have been compared with European Union regulations.
The physical parameters and inorganic compounds are very similar in the studied sediments. However, the sediments from Suances have high concentrations of LOI and EOX. The obtained correlation of the physical parameters with the particle size distribution is useful in the study of the sediment addition to ceramic process as a sediment management option. A comparison of the results obtained from the total, availability and mobility analysis of the inorganic pollutant concentrations of As, Ba, Ni, Pb and Zn present in sediments has been made, giving knowledge for the development of regulations and tools that would contribute to the integral management of the estuarine areas.
Counselling supervision and the production of professional selves
Authors: Crocket Kathie 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe culture of supervision is produced both in wider professional contexts and in particular local supervision conversations. This paper is shaped by the post structuralist ideas of governmentality and disciplinary power. It uses these ideas to trace the detail of a supervision conversation, noticing the shaping effects of ideas familiar within the professional culture. Excerpts from the supervision conversation demonstrate a supervision process that pays attention to the politics of its own production, and thus to the culture of supervision that it produces.
Therapist reactions in self‐experienced difficult situations: An exploration
Authors: Smith Annemarie J. M. , Kleijn Wim CHR , Hutschemaekers Giel J. M. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThis article describes a qualitative study of 63 difficult therapeutic situations described by 26 therapists. The study was part of research on specific reactions of therapists to traumatized clients. The research questions for the current analyses focused on the categorization of difficult situations, of short‐term therapist reactions, and the exploration of situation‐specific reaction patterns. The therapeutic style of the therapist was also explored. Three types of difficult situations were found: ‘traumatic situations’, ‘interactional situations’ and ‘existential situations’. Therapist reactions were sorted in to 20 categories; 10 of them were part of a situation‐specific pattern. The therapeutic style of therapists was defined by a first dimension reflecting a continuum of experiencing versus actively intervening and a second dimension of feeling responsible. The relevance for therapist self‐reflection, supervision and training is to acknowledge the specific difficulties in different therapeutic situations related to therapist‐specific reactions, and to enhance constructive coping in accordance with the therapist's therapeutic style.
Outcome oriented supervision: Advantages of adding systematic client tracking to supportive consultations
Authors: Worthen Vaughn E. , Lambert Michael J. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe argue in this paper that it is time for therapists and supervisors to incorporate outcome monitoring and brief client assessments into ongoing counseling supervision. Tracking client treatment response, comparing it to expected treatment response, and alerting counselors and supervisors when a client shows poor progress is described. It is suggested that such methods can maximize recovery in those individuals who are not responding to treatment as expected. The degree to which such methods facilitate the recovery of helpful client outcomes is summarized. Incorporating an outcome management system into routine counseling and supervision is encouraged to help actualize the goals of supervision.
Career‐long supervision: Patterns and perspectives
Authors: Grant Jan , Schofield Margot 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe counselling/psychotherapy profession is relatively unique in its tradition of ongoing supervision of practising professionals after training has been completed. However, it is unclear whether most counselling and psychotherapy professionals continue with supervision once they have qualified, and what kinds of factors are associated with this decision. This research describes factors associated with the frequency of ongoing supervision among psychotherapists and counsellors.The study design used a cross‐sectional workforce survey of members of the Psychotherapy and Counselling Federation of Australia (PACFA) member associations, representing around 2,500 members. A total of 316 members participated. Ninety‐six per cent of the sample reported receiving ongoing psychotherapy supervision. Twenty percent received supervision weekly and 35% fortnightly. Most received individual supervision, with 8% receiving only group supervision and 9% only peer supervision. A multivariate logistic regression analysis identified several factors related to receiving a higher level of supervision per month: therapists who had higher client contact hours, who had higher rates of personal therapy, an undergraduate degree compared with pre‐tertiary training, and female therapists compared with males. The paper discusses these findings in the context of understanding the development of the counselling/psychotherapy profession, models of counsellor training, and implications for practice and supervision.
Chemical, thermal and pH‐induced equilibrium unfolding studies of Fusarium solani lectin
Authors: Khan Feroz , Ahmad Absar , Khan M. Islam 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe effect of urea, guanidine thiocyanate, temperature and pH was studied on the conformational stability of Fusarium solani lectin. Equilibrium unfolding with chemical denaturants showed that the lectin was least stable at pH 12 and maximally stable at pH 8.0 near its pI (8.7). Guanidine thiocyanate (the concentration of denaturant at which the protein is half folded, D1/2 = 0.49 M at pH 12) was found to be an eight times stronger denaturant than urea (D1/2 = 3.88 M at pH 12). The unfolding curves obtained with fluorescence and CD measurements showed good agreement indicating a monophasic nature of unfolding and excluded the possibility of formation of any stable intermediate. The effect of pH on the lectin was found to be unusual as at acidic pH, the lectin showed a flexible tertiary structure with pronounced secondary structure, and retained its hemagglutinating activity. On the other hand, the lectin did not show any loss of conformation or activity upto 70°C for 15 min. Moreover, thermal denaturation did not result in the aggregation or precipitation of the protein even at high temperatures. Thermal denaturation was also carried out in the presence of a low concentration of guanidine thiocyanate. Change in the enthalpy of transition (ΔHm) varied linearly with transition temperature (Tm), which indicated that the heat capacity (ΔCp = 3.95 kJ · mol‐1 · K‐1) of the lectin remained constant during the unfolding.
IUBMB Life, 59: 34‐43, 2007
The positively charged residues in the fragment 71 ‐ 77 of complexin is required for its binding to SNARE complex
Authors: Liu Jingguo , Wei Yong , Guo Ting , Xie Xin , Jiang Jiansen , Sui Sen‐fang 
Published: March 2007

AbstractComplexin is a cytoplasmic protein that plays an important role in the neurotransmitters release triggered by action potential. Previous studies suggested that complexin performs its functions through interaction with the SNARE complex. The crystal structure of complexin/SNARE complex revealed that complexin binds to SNARE core complex in an anti‐parallel conformation with its residues 48 ‐ 70. However, the functions of the flanking sequences are unclear. In this paper, we demonstrate that the fragment 71 ‐ 77 of complexin is indispensable for its binding to the SNARE complex. Moreover, this interaction can be impaired by abolishing the positive charges in the fragment 71 ‐ 77, which suggests that the positive charges in the fragment 71 ‐ 77 are important for the interaction between complexin II and the SNARE complex.
IUBMB Life, 59: 84‐89, 2007
Bile salt hydrolase, the member of Ntn‐hydrolase family: Differential modes of structural and functional transitions during denaturation
Authors: Kumar R. Suresh , Suresh C. G. , Brannigan James A. , Dodson Guy G. , Gaikwad Sushama M. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractConformational transitions and functional stability of the bile salt hydrolase (BSH; cholylglycine EC: 3.5.1.24) from Bifidobacterium longum (BlBSH) cloned and expressed in E. coli were studied under thermal, chemical and pH‐mediated denaturation conditions using fluorescence and CD spectroscopy. Thermal and Gdn‐HCl‐mediated denaturation of BlBSH is a multistep process of inactivation and unfolding. The inactivation and unfolding of the enzyme was found to be irreversible. Enzyme activity seems sensitive to even minor conformational changes at the active site. Thermal denaturation as such did not result in any insoluble protein aggregates. However, on treating with 0.25 ‐ 1 M Gdn‐HCl the enzyme showed increasing aggregation at temperatures of 40 ‐ 55°C indicating more complex structural changes taking place in the presence of chemical denaturants. The enzyme secondary structure was still intact at acidic pH (pH 1 ‐ 3). The perturbation in the tertiary structure at the acidic pH was detected through freshly formed solvent exposed hydrophobic patches on the enzyme. These changes could be due to the formation of an acid‐induced molten globule‐like state.
IUBMB Life, 59: 118‐125, 2007
Use of Computational Modeling to Predict Responses to Upper Airway Surgery in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Authors: Huang Yaqi , White David P. , Malhotra Atul 
Published: March 2007

AbstractObjectives. Despite the well‐recognized consequences of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), its treatment remains unsatisfactory. Therapeutic strategies are complicated by often poor adherence in the case of continuous positive airway pressure or the highly variable efficacy in the case of many upper airway surgeries. Computational models of the upper airway using finite element analysis to simulate the effects of various anatomic and physiologic manipulations on pharyngeal mechanics could be helpful in predicting surgical success.Study Design: Computational and physiologic study.Methods: Using representative OSA magnetic resonance images and experimentally measured upper airway dilator muscle activities, we developed a working two‐dimensional and a partial three‐dimensional model of the upper airway.Results: As predicted from experimental measurements, the OSA model airway has a closing pressure of −2 cm H2O. Manipulations such as palatal stiffening, palatal resection, and tongue stiffening all have demonstrable effects on pharyngeal mechanics. We have also developed a partial three‐dimensional OSA model in which we simulate the mechanics of the pharyngeal airway in the mid‐sagittal and parasagittal slices, spanning more than 1 inch in thickness. Using this model, we have observed important effects of tongue and palatal stiffening on anteroposterior collapse of the pharyngeal airway.Conclusions: Our data suggest that computational modeling is feasible and can be used to generate hypotheses for subsequent clinical trials regarding anatomic manipulations in OSA. We further believe that the goal of individualizing OSA therapy on the basis of underlying mechanisms could be facilitated by computational modeling.
Expressions of Aquaporin‐2, Vasopressin Type 2 Receptor, Transient Receptor Potential Channel Vanilloid (TRPV)1, and TRPV4 in the Human Endolymphatic Sac
Authors: Taguchi Daizo , Takeda Taizo , Kakigi Akinobu , Takumida Masaya , Nishioka Rie , Kitano Hiroya 
Published: March 2007

AbstractObjective: To localize aquaporin (AQP)2, vasopressin type 2 receptor (V2‐R), and transient receptor potential channel vanilloid subfamily 1, 4 (TRPV1, TRPV4) in the human endolymphatic sac (ES).Methods: Three samples of human ES were sampled during the removal of vestibular schwannoma by way of the translabyrinthine approach. The samples were immediately fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde and embedded in OCT compound; immunohistochemistry was performed with AQP2, V2‐R, TRPV1, and TRPV4 polyclonal antibodies.Results: AQP2, V2‐R, TRPV1, and TRPV4 proteins were detected in the epithelial layer of the ES but were not observed in connective tissue around the ES. TRPV1 was also expressed in blood vascular endothelial cells of the connective tissue of ES.Conclusions: AQP2, V2‐R, and TRPV4 were expressed in the luminal epithelium of human ES. The same characteristic distribution of water and ion channels is seen in the kidney, where a significant amount of fluid is filtrated and resorbed. ES probably plays an active role in the homeostasis of the endolymph.
Key Messages From the National Prospective Tonsillectomy Audit
Authors: Lowe David , van der Meulen Jan , Cromwell David , Lewsey James , Copley Lynn , Browne John , Yung Matthew , Brown Peter 
Published: March 2007

AbstractObjectives: Investigation of the occurrence of postoperative hemorrhage after tonsillectomy and risk factors for these complications.Study Design: Prospective National Audit with electronic web‐based data collection from the National Health Service and independent hospitals in England and Northern Ireland.Methods: Consenting patients undergoing tonsillectomy between July 2003 and September 2004 were included. A central database of patient and surgical variables was developed for analysis of primary and secondary postoperative hemorrhage and development of risk models for tonsillectomy complications.Results: The Audit received data from 277 hospitals in England and Northern Ireland on 40,514 patients. Analysis was conducted on 33,921 (84%) who gave consent. Over the whole Audit 1,197 (3.5%) postoperative hemorrhages were recorded. One hundred eighty‐eight (0.6%) patients sustained a primary hemorrhage and 1,033 (3%) a secondary hemorrhage (24 had both). Elevated hemorrhage rates were observed in tonsillectomies performed using diathermy for dissection and hemostasis compared with cold steel dissection and ties for hemostasis. National guidance issued midway through the Audit influenced practice and reduced hemorrhage rates. Risk models for postoperative hemorrhage were developed incorporating the effect of the guidance. For hemorrhage, compared with the cold steel group, bipolar diathermy tonsillectomy had an odds ratio of 2.47 (1.81–3.36), P < .0001, and bipolar diathermy scissors tonsillectomy an odds ratio of 3.20 (2.09–4.90), P < .0001. Use of bipolar diathermy for hemostasis only after cold steel dissection carried an intermediate risk, odds ratio 1.57 (1.16–2.13), P = .004.Conclusions: The results confirm that “hot” tonsillectomy techniques carry a substantially elevated risk of postoperative hemorrhage when diathermy is used as a dissection tool in tonsillectomy.
Optimal Graft Thickness for Different Sizes of Tympanic Membrane Perforation in Cartilage Myringoplasty: A Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Lee Chia‐Fone , Chen Jyh‐Horng , Chou Yuan‐Fang , Hsu Lee‐Ping , Chen Peir‐Rong , Liu Tien‐Chen 
Published: March 2007

AbstractObjective: The purpose of this study was to determine, using finite element analysis, the optimal graft thickness for cartilage myringoplasty in patients with different sizes of tympanic membrane (TM) perforations.Study Design: We developed a cartilage plate‐TM‐coupled model using high‐resolution computed tomography and finite element analysis. The geometric models of the perforated TM were generated using Patran and ANSYS software.Method: Three different sizes of TM perforations (15%, 55%, and 85%, representing small, medium, and large perforations, respectively) were created in the pars tensa. A cartilage plate was used to repair the eardrum perforation, and the new TM‐cartilage coupled complex was loaded into our three‐dimensional biomechanical model for analysis. The frequency‐amplitude responses for different cartilage thicknesses were compared with those for natural TM.Results: Our results show that, first, in cases with 85% perforation, the frequency‐amplitude responses that were most similar to natural TM at lower frequencies were for graft thicknesses of 0.2 mm and for 0.1 mm at higher frequencies. Second, in cases with 55% posterior perforation of the TM, assessment of the predicted vibration amplitude of different thicknesses of the cartilage plate showed that a cartilage plate of less than 0.2 mm had a frequency response function similar to that of a natural TM in umbo and stapes footplate displacement. Finally, for a central perforation involving 15% of the TM, a cartilage plate of less than 1.0 mm showed a frequency response function similar to that of TM in umbo and stapes‐footplate displacement.Conclusions: On the basis of our biomechanical analysis, the optimal thickness of a cartilage graft for myringoplasty appears to be 0.1 to 0.2 mm for medium and large TM perforations. For small perforations, a cartilage of less than 1.0 mm is a good compromise between mechanical stability and low acoustic transfer loss.