bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Consensus statement on the management of late-onset rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Kojima Masayo , Sugihara Takahiko , Kawahito Yutaka , Kojima Toshihisa , Kaneko Yuko , Ishikawa Hajime , Abe Asami , Matsui Kazuo , Hirata Shintaro , Kishimoto Mitsumasa , Tanaka Eiichi , Morinobu Akio , Hashimoto Motomu , Matsushita Isao , Hidaka Toshihiko , Matsui Toshihiro , Nishida Keiichiro , Asai Shuji , Ito Hiromu , Harada Ryozo , Harigai Masayoshi 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT

Objectives
Late-onset rheumatoid arthritis (LORA), which has been increasing in recent years, lacks evidence for initial treatment. Japanese rheumatology experts recognized this gap and addressed it by developing consensus statements on the first clinical application of LORA.

Methods
These statements were created following an introductory discussion about treatment fundamentals, which included a review of existing literature and cohort data. The steering committee created a draft, which was refined using a modified Delphi method that involved panel members reaching a consensus. The panel made decisions based on input from geriatric experts, clinical epidemiologists, guideline developers, patient groups, and the LORA Research Subcommittee of the Japan College of Rheumatology.

Results
The consensus identified four established facts, three basic approaches, and six expert opinions for managing LORA. Methotrexate was recommended as the primary treatment, with molecular-targeted agents being considered if treatment goals cannot be achieved. An emphasis was placed on assessing the lives of older patients due to challenges in risk management and methotrexate accessibility caused by comorbidities or cognitive decline.

Conclusions
The experts substantiated and refined 13 statements for the initial treatment of LORA. To validate these claims, the next is to conduct a registry study focusing on new LORA cases.
Fibrillar adhesives with unprecedented adhesion strength, switchability and scalability
Authors: Linghu Changhong , Liu Yangchengyi , Yang Xudong , Li Dong , Tan Yee Yuan , Mohamed Hafiz Mohamed Haziq Bin , Rohani Mohammad Fadhli Bin , Du Zihao , Su Jiangtao , Li Yan , Huo Yucheng , Xu Hanyan , Wang Xiufeng , Wang Yifan , Yu Jing , Gao Huajian , Hsia K Jimmy 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
Bio-inspired fibrillar adhesives have received worldwide attention but their potentials have been limited by a trade-off between adhesion strength and adhesion switchability, and a size scale effect that restricts the fibrils to micro/nanoscales. Here, we report a class of adhesive fibrils that achieve unprecedented adhesion strength (∼2 MPa), switchability (∼2000), and scalability (up to millimeter-scale at the single fibril level), by leveraging the rubber-to-glass (R2G) transition in shape memory polymers (SMPs). Moreover, R2G SMP fibrillar adhesive arrays exhibit a switchability of &gt;1000 (with the aid of controlled buckling) and an adhesion efficiency of 57.8%, with apparent contact area scalable to 1000 mm2, outperforming existing fibrillar adhesives. We further demonstrate that the SMP fibrillar adhesives can be used as soft grippers and reusable superglue devices that are capable of holding and releasing heavy objects &gt;2000 times of their own weight. These findings represent significant advances in smart fibrillar adhesives for numerous applications, especially those involving high-payload scenarios.
Healthcare Utilization Among Infants Covered by Medicaid and Newly Diagnosed With Respiratory Syncytial Virus
Authors: Suh Mina , Movva Naimisha , Jiang Xiaohui , Reichert Heidi , Pastula Susan T , Sacks Naomi C , Frankenfeld Cara , Fryzek Jon P , Simões Eric A F 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
Infants covered by Medicaid have higher respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) hospitalization rates than those with commercial insurance, but findings are limited to the inpatient setting. This birth cohort study describes healthcare encounters for RSV across all settings among infants covered by Medicaid and the Children's Health Insurance Program.

Methods
Medicaid claims for infants born and residing in Arizona (AZ), California (CA), Florida (FL), Michigan (MI), North Carolina (NC), New York (NY), and Texas (TX) were analyzed for first diagnosis of RSV in 2016–2018 using International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision codes. Encounters on the day of first diagnosis were examined by setting in 7 states and by setting and race in CA, FL, and NC.

Results
A total of 80 945 infants were diagnosed with RSV in 7 states in 2016–2018. The highest encounter rates for first RSV diagnosis were in the emergency department (ED) in 5 states (11.0–33.4 per 1000 in AZ, CA, FL, MI, and NY) and outpatient setting in 2 states (54.8 and 68.5 per 1000 in TX and NC). Significantly higher outpatient encounter rates were found in CA and NC for White infants compared to non-White infants. In NC, ED encounter rates were significantly higher for non-White infants than White infants, whereas in CA, the rates were comparable. In these 2 states, hospitalization rates were similar across groups. In FL, compared with White infants, non-White infants had significantly higher encounter rates in each setting on the day of first RSV diagnosis.

Conclusions
This is the first study to describe the burden of RSV by setting and race. Medicaid infants who are newly diagnosed with RSV have the highest burden in ED and outpatient settings.
Mind and Hand
Authors: Anderson Glaire D. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Chapter 2, “Mind and Hand,” focuses on the chronicle’s account of Ibn Firnās as the Córdoban Umayyad court’s first designer and maker of fine scientific instruments. It discusses the intersections with literary culture, as revealed by poetry preserved in the chronicle. The chapter then presents the earliest extant Islamic instruments (especially astrolabes but also the oldest extant celestial globe). These instruments include inscriptions that name their makers as prominent intellectuals and that illustrate the connections between science and craft that Ibn Firnās’s reputation as court instrument maker reveals. Medieval Islamic intellectual and social elites were at times actively engaged in design and craft, and such skills could be visibly demonstrated and acknowledged—even celebrated—in Islamic court societies.
Does Counter-Terrorism Work?
Authors: English Richard 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
State responses to terrorism have shaped politics and society globally. But how far, and in what precise ways, has counter-terrorism actually succeeded? This book offers an interrogation of the effectiveness of state responses to terrorist violence. The text defines what effective counter-terrorism would involve, and then tests that layered framework through cross-case, balanced, historically focused comparison of important counter-terrorist campaigns. Chapters assess in detail the strategic, tactical, and personal or political achievements and failures evident in this blood-stained field of work. It is a story of analytical, but also practical, importance for us all.
Gendering the Ḥadīth Tradition
Authors: Rehman Sofia 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Gendering the Ḥadīth Tradition: Recentring the Authority of Aisha, Mother of the Believers presents for the first time a partial translation and study of Imam Badr al-Dīn al-Zarkashī’s work, al-Ijāba li-Īrādi mā Istadraktahu ʿĀ’isha ʿAla al-Ṣaḥābah—The Corrective: ʿĀ’isha’s Rectification of the Companions. It critically analyses from the perspective of ḥadīth criticism a number of sections presenting Aisha’s corrections of key Companions, including ʿUmar b. al-Khaṭṭāb, ʿAbdullah b. ʿAbbās, and Abū Hurayra, applying classical ḥadīth methodology to the scrutiny of narrators by way of impugnment and validation (al-jarḥ wa al-tʿadīl) in an effort to re-construct and re-present Aisha as a central authority in Islamic knowledge production. Sofia Rehman offers a major rethinking of the ḥadīth and jurisprudential traditions by evaluating how Aisha responded to ḥadīths that were being ascribed, often incorrectly, as authoritative statements of the Prophet Muhammad. The study elicits a methodology for ḥadīth criticism which is sure to challenge classical approaches. Rehman unearths the scholarly acumen of Aisha in her discussion of several legal positions which Aisha held in contradistinction to many of the male authorities among the Companions. She offers an emergent methodology of Aisha in the scrutiny of the actual statements (matn) of traditions, not just the chains of transmission (isnād). The contributions of this study to the development of the legal tradition (fiqh) also lies in a framework based on the pattern of how Aisha approaches juridical matters. The implications for this are many, especially regarding women and their spiritual and daily life and practice.
Objective Morality
Authors: Camposampiero Matteo Favaretti 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In the German Ethics, Wolff defends the objectivist view that free actions are intrinsically good or evil, “and they are not made such just by God’s will.” Drawing on Grotius’s so-called impious hypothesis, Wolff claims that free actions would remain good or evil even in the hypothetical case that God did not exist. This turns out to be at odds with Wolff’s principle that essences have their origin in God’s intellect, so that if God did not exist, there would be no essences at all. This chapter sheds light on the problematic relation between Wolff’s theological foundation of essentialism and his non-theological foundation of ethics. After reconstructing the evolution of Wolff’s doctrine of obligation from 1703 to 1720, I consider the subsequent polemics against Wolff’s moral objectivism, his later account of adiaphora, and his reaction to the charge of inconsistency.
Wolff’s Ethical Experimentalism and its Roots in his German Ethics
Authors: Fugate Courtney D. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This chapter argues that Wolff’s emphasis on the difficulty of knowing the natural law is contrary to what is found in the earlier tradition. Furthermore, it argues that this emphasis is a symptom of the profound renovation Wolff wishes to effect in the content and method of natural law ethics itself. This renovation is to consist in reformulating the framework of traditional natural law on the foundation of a modern, observational, and experimental conception of human nature. And since a core feature of modern scientific method lies in its ability to demonstrably overturn long-received, even ancient assumptions about the world, so Wolff’s theory of natural law proposes to do the same for our assumptions about good and evil. On this basis, the chapter argues that the German Ethics ought to be seen as a central pillar of Wolff’s project of reconstructing all of philosophy on a truer marriage of reason and experience.
Defining ‘Securities’ in the European Capital Markets Code
Authors: Dybiński Jacek , Oplustil Krzysztof 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis chapter examines the state of legislation concerning the definition of ‘securities’ in the capital markets law of the European Union and explores perspectives of codifying a uniform definition of ‘securities’ in the European Capital Markets Code. It presents general characteristics, genealogy, and taxonomy of concepts and definitions of ‘securities’ in the European capital markets laws. An in-depth analysis of ‘transferable securities’ definitions in the Markets in the Financial Instruments Directive II is accompanied by an assessment of several context-specific definitions from other EU capital markets law acts, eg Prospectus Regulation, Transparency Directive, and Market Abuse Directive. The study tests the feasibility of rethinking the definition of ‘securities’ in the EU capital markets law by providing a comparative view from the US securities regulation, contrasting perspectives from the Member States’ laws and a description of the EU initiatives to harmonize the substantive securities laws. Inquiring whether and how ‘securities’ could be defined in the European Capital Markets Code involves an evaluation whether there could be a monistic definition of a polymorphic instrument functioning in the multi-centric regulation, or whether the ‘unity of multiplicities’ should prevail as the feasible model in European securities law. In this context, the study explores three regulatory options of varying intensity and invasiveness which would lead to different outcomes.
A Case for Higher-Order Metaphysics
Authors: Bacon Andrew 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Higher-order logic augments first-order logic with devices that let us generalize into grammatical positions other than that of a singular term. Some recent metaphysicians have advocated for using these devices to raise and answer questions that bear on many traditional issues in philosophy. In contrast to these `higher-order metaphysicians', traditional metaphysics has often focused on parallel, but importantly different, questions concerning special sorts of abstract objects: propositions, properties and relations. The answers to the higher-order and the property-theoretic questions may coincide sometimes but will often come apart. I argue that when they do, the higher-order questions are closer to the metaphysical action and so it would be better for these debates to proceed in higher-order terms.
Reality as Tall and Fine, Not Flat and Coarse
Authors: Linnebo Øystein 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The dominant view in today's higher-order metaphysics favors strong higher-order comprehension axioms. This enables us to prove some strong generalizations of Cantor's theorem, which place strict limits on how finely individuated higher-order entities can be. This article discusses some arguments for and against the strong comprehension axioms. Existing arguments are found wanting. Based on a hierarchical conception of reality, an improved case is developed for restricting comprehension, in a way that makes the world safe for fine-grained higher-order entities. Thus, for all we know, reality may be tall and fine, not flat and coarse.
Higher-Order Metaphysics and Propositional Attitudes
Authors: Lederman Harvey 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
According to relationism, for Alice to believe that some rabbits can speak is for Alice to stand in a relation to a further entity, some rabbits can speak. But what could this further entity possibly be? Higher-order metaphysics seems to offer a simple, natural answer. On this view (roughly put), expressions in different syntactic categories (for instance: names, predicates, sentences) in general denote entities in correspondingly different ontological categories. Alice's belief can thus be understood to relate her to a sui generis entity denoted by “some rabbits can speak”, belonging to a different ontological category than Alice herself. This straightforward account of the attitudes has historically been deemed so attractive that it was seen as an important motivation for higher-order metaphysics itself (Prior 1971). But I argue that it is not as straightforward as it might seem, and in fact that propositional attitudes present a foundational challenge for higher-order metaphysics.
Pickel Against Second-Order Primitivism
Authors: Williamson Timothy 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In ‘Against Second-Order Primitivism’, Bryan Pickel questions the understanding of second-order languages defended in Modal Logic as Metaphysics (Williamson 2013). In particular, he opposes my refusal of reductionist readings of the second-order quantifiers as restrictions of an unrestricted first-order quantifier. In this chapter, I will explain why Pickel’s arguments are not responsive to the main case for an anti-reductionist higher-order approach, and note some troubles into which his reductionism draws him.
Time Experiences in Dance
Authors: Bläsing Bettina 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Dance, as a fully embodied art form, is deeply anchored in space and time. Time in dance is structured through the dynamics of dancers’ bodies, as well as through rhythmic and musical cues. Temporal coordination is fundamental to dance on many levels, from the skilled execution of complex whole-body moves to the concerted action of a dance company. Even though dance does not necessarily depend on the presence of music, the ability to entrain to a rhythm is fundamental on many levels. Equally important are memory-based processes, from the learning, flawless reproduction, and real-time adaptation of choreography to the ad hoc application of an extensive movement repertoire in improvisation. This chapter takes a closer look at how time is experienced both while watching dance and while dancing, during live performances or at club parties.
Joint Shaping of Musical Time
Authors: Goebl Werner , Bishop Laura 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Performing in a music ensemble requires the ensemble members to adapt their individual understanding of the music to that of their co-performers during rehearsal or performance, such that they may coordinate their individual micro timing and come up with a cohesive, shared sound. Both planned and emergent coordination are involved in classical ensembles achieving a common creative interpretation of a notated score. This interpretation may be more prototypical than the performers’ individual understanding would be, reducing the risk of divergence and stabilizing the collective performance. Beyond exchanging auditory information—essential for maintaining precise temporal synchronization—ensemble members communicate through the visual domain, exchanging cueing or conducting gestures and glances, as well as establishing patterns of body sway that tend to synchronize during performance. These and other communicative behaviours may set the scene for the emergence of togetherness, a subjective feeling of being in a shared cognitive-emotional state that simultaneously enhances the experience of performers and observers.
Measuring Experienced Time While Listening to Music
Authors: Knowles Kristina L. , Ashley Richard 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Studies in time perception have had to address two interrelated problems: (a) the extent to which the structure of events in time, both internal and external, influence temporal experience; and (b) how to best capture or represent an individual’s perception or experience of time. Both of these problems are compounded when considering the impacts of music on experienced time. This chapter presents the use of a novel continuous response methodology to collect responses for individuals while they listen to music, allowing the granularity of local musical structures and their potential impact on fluctuations in perceived time to be explored. Data were collected from several different musical excerpts containing significant contrasts in musical structure. These included excerpts containing alternations between motives and silences, shifts between metred and unmetred passages of music, and sudden changes in texture. By collecting responses generated ‘in-time’ while listening to these excerpts, the perceptual effects of the contrasting musical structures in isolation as well as their causal relationship within a larger musical passage could be examined. The chapter concludes by discussing the relevance of the findings for the future development of a multivariable model for time perception in music.
Timing, Tempo, and Rhythm
Authors: Copeland Stewart A. , Levitin Daniel J. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Research in the cognitive neuroscience of music has grown exponentially over the past two decades with a particular ramping up of research in rhythm, timing and movement. Philosophical, practical, and theoretical questions about music that have intrigued people for centuries can finally be investigated in the laboratory, as work that combines neuroimaging techniques with evolving methods from psychophysics and social psychology has created a golden age of music psychology research. The benefits of this research for both scientists and performing artists alike are plentiful. This chapter shares insights from the laboratory and from the stage. The authors’ aim was to review what they know through these different and complementary ways of knowing, and survey what they believe are the most fruitful areas for future research.
Spirits of the Space Age
Authors: Hayes Kelly E. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The Valley of the Dawn (Vale do Amanhecer) is a unique psychic ecosystem: equal parts religious movement, enchanted city, utopian vision, and theatrical spectacle. Hundreds of mediums dressed in dazzling vestments gather there daily to perform ceremonies for healing and karmic redemption. They consider themselves the spiritual descendants of an ancient race of extraterrestrials originally sent to galvanize humanity’s cultural and spiritual evolution. Founded in the 1960s by a charismatic spirit medium called Aunt Neiva (1925–1985), the Valley of the Dawn synthesizes elements from Christianity, Spiritism, Afro-Brazilian religions, UFO beliefs, and esoteric philosophies into a Space Age cosmology focused on healing and self-transformation. Today the Valley is home to over 25,000 people and the center of a global religious movement with more than 800 affiliated temples worldwide. Spirits of the Space Age details the Valley’s historical emergence and explores its “imagined world”—the imaginative and collectively shared representations that foster a common sense of identity, meaning, and purpose among Valley members. Drawing on extensive ethnographic fieldwork, it offers a narrative portrait of a new religious movement as seen in and through the lives of Aunt Neiva, her most important collaborators, and contemporary adherents. By presenting a more complete picture of the Valley of the Dawn, this book counters the persistent media representations of the Valley as a cult. But it also illuminates how religious movements respond to their particular place and time even as they situate themselves in relationship to imagined otherworlds and times.
The Second Rescue
Authors: Doolan Yuri W. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This chapter investigates the reemergence of mixed race Koreans in US political culture in the aftermath of the Vietnam War. Although these individuals had more or less disappeared from the national spotlight by the mid-1960s, US military defeat and ambivalence surrounding Operation Babylift—a government-sponsored initiative to rescue some 2,000 Vietnamese orphans in the midst of Saigon’s fall—would bring them back to the forefront of American consciousness. In the aftermath of the airlifts, the question of what would become of America’s mixed race progeny left behind under communist rule loomed large. Searching for answers, Americans looked to an older generation of mixed race Koreans to imagine the future of Vietnamese American children. Eventually, this curiosity would lead to the Amerasian immigration proposals of the 1980s, in which Koreans and their champions played a crucial role as advocates for Southeast Asian children born from US military encounters abroad.
Epilogue
Authors: Doolan Yuri W. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The epilogue of this book examines the demise of the Amerasian, which has as much to do with defeat in Vietnam and the official end of the Cold War in Asia as it does the emergence of mixed race Korean subjectivity. In the twenty-first century, mixed race Koreans are speaking out about their lived historical experiences and organizing around DNA testing to undo the ideological erasure of their Korean pasts. Through these efforts, hundreds of adoptees have been reunited with their birth families. The activism and cultural work of this first generation ultimately shows how they, too, are contesting dominant narratives and finding their own origins beyond the Amerasian.