bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epidemiology of dental trauma: A review of the literature
Authors: Bastone Elisa B. , Freer Terry J. , McNamara John R. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThis article reviews recent reports describing the aetiology of dental trauma from national and international studies as well as the different classifications currently used to report dental injuries. It also discusses possible preventive measures to reduce the increasing frequency of dental trauma. Reported studies demonstrate that males tend to experience more dental trauma in the permanent dentition than females, however, there does not appear to be a difference between the sexes in the primary dentition. Accidents within and around the home were the major sources of injury to the primary dentition, while accidents at home and school accounted for most of the injuries to the permanent dentition. The most frequent type of injury was a simple crown fracture of the maxillary central incisors in the permanent dentition while injuries to the periodontal tissues were more common in the primary dentition.When preventive measures are being planned, knowledge of aetiology is important. More prospective studies from representative populations are required to understand the complexities of dental trauma epidemiology and to allow implementation of preventive strategies to reduce the increasing frequency of dental trauma.
Assessing caries risk in children
Authors: Messer Louise Brealey 
Published: March 2008

AbstractWith the dramatic improvements in the oral health of children in Australia that have occurred over the past two decades, the option of, and the need for, targeted prevention of dental caries for those at high risk has become apparent. Since caries is of multifactorial aetiology, the clinical outcome varies depending on which factor, or combination of factors, is prominent in a particular individual; this may be related to both age and stage of life. Tests for caries risk can assist in prediction, but clinical signs and history are as important in assessing the main cause(s) of caries in an individual. In studies involving several factors, past caries experience (especially of the first permanent molar) continues to be the best predictor of future caries in children. Despite their ready availability, tests in the form of commercial kits are still expensive; no one test is an adequate predictor of caries risk, and the specificity and sensitivity of the tests are not reliably diagnostic for an individual. There is a need for regional longitudinal risk assessment studies in which potential risk factors are identified before the onset of caries in order to maximize predictive power and then validated against subsequent caries. Caries activity may not be able to be predicted in a population with low disease prevalence. Any risk assessment strategy must be followed by appropriate preventive interventions.
Indigenous Australian dental health: A brief review of caries experience
Authors: Martin‐Iverson Nicole , Pacza Tom , Phatouros Andrea , Tennant Marc 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe indigenous community in Australia is an at risk population for oral diseases such as dental caries. The majority of communities are isolated and dental services in these areas are limited. Oral hygiene standards are poor and this combined with a diet rich in refined carbohydrates has led to high incidences of dental caries. In addition, diabetes, which is related to obesity (and a diet high in sugar and fat) has been linked to increases in oral disease. Caries prevalence was found to be low in areas where fluoridation levels in the water were high. The fact that the fluoride supplementation appears to improve oral health to a significant degree suggests that implementation of fluoride treatment programmes for school children and, fluoridation of water sources would be appropriate. In additioin, dental education programmes should receive high priority. As with the rest of the community, these preventive measures will result in less need for emergency dental treatment in the future, better oral health for the community and reduced financial burden on the State. It is under these circumstances that oral health planners and providers must, in consultation with the relevant community representatives, develop appropriate mechanisms to address the needs of this group. The development of strategies that integrate with the plethora of general health strategies currently being implemented is just one means of achieving improved oral health outcomes for indigenous Australians.
Caries experience among publicly‐funded dental patients in Australia, 1995‐96: Type of care and geographic location
Authors: Brennan D. S. , Spencer A. J. , Slade G. D. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractHealth card holders are a financially disadvantaged group and are the target population eligible for publicly‐funded dental care. While their health status is generally worse compared with other Australians, there is also considerable variation among card holders. The aims of this study were to describe the oral health status of publicly‐funded dental patients by type of care, geographic location and age, and to compare trends over time against other Australian studies. Patients were sampled randomly, based on date of birth, by State/Territory dental services in 1995‐96. Dentists recorded oral health measures at the initial visit of a course of care using written instructions, but there was no formal calibration. The 6109 patients sampled were weighted in proportion to the numbers of publicly‐funded dental patients for each State/Territory. Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that caries experience measured by the DMFT index increased across older age groups (p<0.05). For rural compared with urban patients, mean numbers of decayed and filled teeth tended to be higher. For emergency compared with non‐emergency care, mean numbers of decayed and missing teeth were higher, and filled teeth lower. The findings of this monitoring survey document high levels of previous disease and treatment and indicate variation between subgroups of users of publicly‐funded dental care. This included an uneven geographic distribution of oral health and disease, and variation in unmet treatment needs by type of course of care. Temporal comparisons indicate publicly‐funded patients have experienced the population trend towards lower levels of tooth loss over time but have higher levels of untreated decayed teeth compared with the general population.
Surgery combined with copper wire implantation in the management of cavernous orofacial haemangiomas
Authors: Ogunsalu C. , Fray D. , Lewis A. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThis paper describes the management of a case of an extensive orofacial haemangioma by surgery combined with copper wire implantation. This technique of copper wire implantation in the management of orofacial haemangiomas was carried out for the first time in Jamaica by the authors. The use of percutaneous copper needles to induce therapeutic coagulation in cavernous haemangiomas, however, is not new, and this has been the basis of the use copper wire.
Conservative management of lower second premolar impaction
Authors: Collett Anthony R. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractLower second premolars account for approximately 24 per cent of impactions, excluding third molars, even though most reports in the literature relating to impacted teeth address the maxillary canine, with relatively few reports on the lower second premolar. Conservative management involves surgical exposrue of the crown, however, subsequent premolar eruption is unpredictable.A case is described in which removel of a deciduous second molar was followed by eruption of an unfavourably inclined premolar located deep within the alveolus. Sufficient time must be allowed for eruption and in the present case 16 months elapsed before the tooth had erupted to the level of the occlusal plane.
Current concepts on functional appliances and mandibular growth stimulation
Authors: Collett A. R. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe mode of action of functional appliances, particularly in relation to stimulating mandibular growth, is a controversial subject. Many of the reports concerning growth effects of functional appliances have been characterized by poor methodology. In assessing functional appliances, results from prospective randomized clinical trials should be given prominence. On the basis of available evidence, it cannot be concluded that functional appliances are effective in stimulating and increasing mandibular growth in the long term. Although favourable growth changes have been reported following phase 1 therapy, they are generally not substantial and long term stability appears to be poor.
Potential of 4 per cent silver fluoride to induce fluorosis in rats: Clinical implications
Authors: Gotjamanos Theo , Ma Philip 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe Health Department in Western Australia uses a 40 per cent silver fluoride (AgF) solution for prevention and treatment of dental caries in children. Analysis of this solution has revealed high fluoride concentrations (75,000–120,000mg/L), raising concerns of potential toxicity and prompting investigation of clinical protocols utilizing lowstrength AgF in an animal model. A single topical application of 4 per cent AgF solution to Sprague‐Dawley rats resulted in moderate to severe localized fluorosis in 24 per cent of animals. In a second experiment, caries was induced in rats aged 19 days; six weeks later, between one‐four carious molar teeth from each rat were treated with 4 per cent AgF (atraumatic technique). A generalized form of fluorosis developed in the continually growing incisors of less than 10 per cent of animals which had one or two carious teeth treated, and in 70–90 per cent of rats which received AgF to either three or four carious teeth. These results confirm the potential of a 4 per cent AgF solution to induce fluorosis and support previous recommendations that AgF at its empirical concentration of 40 per cent should be withdrawn from clinical use.
A late developing mandibular premolar supernumerary tooth*
Authors: Gibson Nova 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThis paper presents a case of a patient who developed a mandibular premolar supernumerary tooth between the age of 11 and 20 years. Evidence for the late development of the supernumerary tooth comes from consecutive panoramic radiographs. A review of the international literature concerning late developing supernumerary teeth is included.
Opinions of Dentists and Directors of Nursing Concerning Dental Care Provision for Adelaide Nursing Homes
Authors: Chalmers JM , Hodge C. , Fuss JM , Spencer AJ , Carter KD , Mathew R. 
Published: March 2008

Background: The complex oral health problems of nursing home residents have been well documented. However, the influences on residents' oral health status, including opinions and experiences of dental professionals and nursing home staff, have not yet been adequately investigated.Methods: The baseline questionnaire component of this longitudinal study was mailed to all registered dentists practising in Adelaide and Adelaide nursing home directors of nursing (DONs).Results: 413 dentists and 97 DONs indicated that Adelaide dentists' interest and training in nursing home dentistry was low. Dental service provision for nursing home residents was very low and dentists preferred to provide treatment at their dental practices. Few dental hygienists were working in nursing homes and dental professionals provided little educational assistance for nursing home staff. Dentists and DONs held several common and many varying perceptions of the problems associated with dental care provision in nursing homes. Both identified a group of nursing home environmental constraints and a lack of portable dental equipment. DONs further identified a group of resident related problems, and dentists a group of dental practicerelated problems.Conclusions: These study results provide important information concerning problems with nursing home dentistry for dental service providers, educators, policy‐makers, administrators and nursing home staff.
Incidence and Aetiology of Facial Injuries Resulting from Motor Vehicle Accidents in Queensland for a Three‐year Period
Authors: Wood EB , Freer TJ 
Published: March 2008

Background: No studies have been reported on the frequency and aetiology of facial injuries due to MVAs in Queensland. This study aims to investigate the incidence, aetiology, age and sex distribution of facial injuries resulting from MVAs for a period of three years.Method: Cases were identified from the Motor Accident Insurance Commission, Queensland. Information including the type of injury sustained, the time, age and role of the patient in the accident were recorded and analysed.Results: There was an average maxillofacial injury incidence of 4.8/100,000 per year, 53.5 per cent in males and 46.5 per cent in females. A peak incidence was found for both sexes aged 18 to 22 years. In males, 57 per cent of facial injuries occurred in this age group compared to 41 per cent in females.Conclusions: Maxillofacial injuries as a result of MVAs are still relatively high regardless of the legislation for compulsory seatbelt use. Recent advances in seatbelt systems have the potential to reduce the risk of head and face impacts. The airbag is also well established as an effective means of preventing serious head and face injury. However, more research is required to further reduce the incidence of maxillofacial injuries as a result of MVAs.
Dental complications of head and neck radiotherapy: Part 1
Authors: Andrews Nectarios , Griffiths Chris 
Published: March 2008

AbstractRadiotherapy for head and neck tumours is a viable treatment modality. However, a wide range of potentially debilitating dental complications may accompany this treatment. The nature and impact of these complications are outlined in this first part of a two‐part article. In Part 2, prevention and management strategies available to the dental practitioner to stave off the dental side effects of radiotherapy will be explored.
Cupped lesions of early onset dental erosion in young southeast Queensland adults
Authors: Khan F. , Young WG , Law V. , Priest J. , Daley TJ 
Published: March 2008

AbstractBackground: Dental erosion manifests as cupped lesions on cusp apices and in fissures of teeth in patients from southeast Queensland referred with excessive tooth wear. When found in young adults, these lesions may indicate early onset of active dental erosion. If the numbers and extent of cupped lesions increase with age, erosion may be a slow cumulative process.Methods: This cross‐sectional study recorded the presence or absence and the relative sizes of cupped lesions from all cusps and occlusal fissures on premolar and permanent molar teeth from study models by image analysis. Type‐specimens of cupped lesions were examined.Results: The incidence by tooth reflected time in the mouth, post‐tooth emergence. A linear increase in lesion number and size, with age, was found. However, cupped lesions occurred on mandibular first molar cusp apices as often, and attained greater extent, in adults under 27 years compared with older subjects.Conclusion: Marked differences were found between lesion number and size, between maxillary and mandibular molar sites that reflect differences in salivary protection against dental erosion. The significance of this study is that the mandibular first permanent molar indicates the age of onset and severity of dental erosion
Prevalence of periodontal conditions among public‐funded dental patients in Australia
Authors: Brennan DS , Spencer AJ , Slade GD 
Published: March 2008

AbstractBackground: The aims of this study were to describe periodontal health status by gender, type of care, geographic location and age and to investigate associations of these factors with tooth loss.Methods: In 1995‐96, state and territory dental services surveyed a random sample of 6,109 public‐funded patients. Dentists recorded oral health status at the initial visit of a course of care, using written instructions but without formal calibration. Periodontal status was assesed using the community periodontal index of treatment needs.Results: Prevalence of periodontal conditions among dentate patients was higher among older, male, emergency and urban patients (X2; p<0.05). Age‐specific edentulism was lower for male, emergency and urban patients (X2; p<0.05). Numbers of missing teeth were lower for younger, non‐emergency and urban patients (Anova; p<0.05). Prevalence of periodontal pockets 6mm or more was assocated with gender, type of care, geographic location, age and number of missing teeth (logistic regression; p<0.05).Conclusions: Prevalence of severe periodontal conditions was lower in 1995‐96 compared with public‐funded patients in 1984 and 1992‐93, but prevalence of periodontal health remained lower than the general population in 1987‐88. A survivor effect may result in lower recording of severe periodonatal conditions among subgroups with higher tooth loss.
Patterns of access to Public oral health care in Queensland by gender, indigenous status and rurality
Authors: Slater Penelope J. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractData were collected on courses of care from all attendances at public sector dental clinics between July 1994 and June 1996 and examined by gender, rurality and indigenous status. Males and indigenous people were more likely to attend dental clinics when a problem with pain existed, resulting in a high need for emergency services, more diagnoses of dental caries, and treatment more often involving oral surgery, including extractions. Similarly, remote area dwellers had more diagnoses of dental caries and oral surgery, although their attendance at clinics was complicated by access.
Ascending necrotising fasciitis as a result of odontogenic infection: a report of two cases
Authors: Shand JM , Breidahl A. , Hing NR , Johnstone BR , Wiesenfeld D. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractNecrotising fasciitis is a severe soft tissue infection which spreads rapidly through fascial planes, is characterised by soft tissue necrosis and is potentially life‐threatening. It is a rare entity in the head and difficult and early diagnosis and aggressive surgical and medical management are essential. This paper reports two cases of necrotising fasciitis as a result of ascending odontogenic infection involving the temporalis muscle
Duties to the Patient and Beyond: Where is the Line Drawn?
Authors: LoK V. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe decisions in two recent Australian cases, emphasize the tendency for the Courts to place weight on the reliance of patients and others, to act on the advice provided by practitioners. In doing so, the duty of the practitioner to his or her patient has been extended to include third parties such as the patient's sexual partner and the patient's parents. Additionally, the decisions have shown that practitioners need to maintain a level of knowledge in the provision of advice expected of a professional as patients rely heavily on the information provided by the practitioners. This may include information that is available on the Internet.
Some Early Dental Extraction Instruments Including the Pelican, Bird or Axe?
Authors: Atkinson HF 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThis paper is the result of the cataloguing, preparation for exhibition and the study of some early dental extraction instruments. The artefacts included elevators, pelicans, keys forceps and pincers produced by unidentified makers or known firms. An evolutionary process is demonstrated from the simplest instrument leading to those used today. The naming of the artefacts follows a path relating to their method of use and to their appearance in regard to common everyday objects and animals or their parts. All were found to exhibit this association except the pelican which did not fit its long held position.
Morphological Study of Demineralized Dentine After Caries Removal Using Two Different Methods
Authors: Sakoolnamarka R. , Burrow MF , Kubo S. , Tyas MJ 
Published: March 2008

Background: Caries‐affected dentine is the usual substrate bonded to in everyday clinical practice. The first step for most of the current dentine adhesive systems is etching or conditioning. It is therefore important to understand the effect of etchant/conditioner on caries‐affected dentine. Methods: Twelve extracted carious permanent molars were examined. Six teeth had caries removed using burs after staining with a caries detector dye, and caries from the other six was removed using CarisolvTM. After caries removal, three teeth from each group were left untreated. The remaining teeth were sectioned to obtain two normal dentine samples and two caries‐affected dentine samples from each tooth. One half of the normal dentine samples and one half of the caries‐affected dentine samples were treated with 35 per cent phosphoric acid, and the remaining samples were treated with 20 per cent polyacrylic acid/3 per cent aluminium chloride. The samples were observed using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM). Results: Phosphoric acid treated samples showed more obvious intertubular dentine microporosity and greater depth of demineralization in caries‐affected dentine. Polyacrylic acid treated samples showed some residual smear layer. However, the peritubular and intertubular collagen network was easily observed in CarisolvTM treated dentine. The depth of demineralization was not as distinct as that of the phosphoric treated samples. Conclusions: From this study it was shown that etched ‘normal’ dentine and etched caries‐affected dentine had different surface appearances. Furthermore, the two caries removal techniques resulted in different caries‐affected dentine surfaces after acid treatment that may influence the longevity of bonds from adhesive restorative materials.
The Prevalence and Experience of Oral Diseases in Adelaide Nursing Home Residents
Authors: Chalmers JM , Hodge C. , Fuss JM , Spencer AJ , Carter KD 
Published: March 2008

Background: The twenty‐first century will see the evolution of a population of dentate older Australians with dental needs very different from those of older adults in past years. This study provided comprehensive information concerning oral disease prevalence in older South Australian nursing home residents. Methods: This paper presents cross‐sectional baseline results. Results: Most of the 224 residents, from seven randomly selected nursing homes, were functionally dependent, medically compromised, cognitively impaired and behaviourally difficult older adults who presented many complex challenges to carers and to dental professionals. Two‐thirds (66 per cent) were edentulous with many dental problems and treatment needs. Dentate residents had a mean of 11.9 teeth present, higher than previously reported. The prevalence and experience of coronal and root caries and plaque accumulation was very high in dentate residents; especially males, those admitted more than three years previously, those who ate fewer food types and those who were severely cognitively impaired. These residents had more retained roots, decayed teeth and missing teeth, and fewer filled teeth when compared with data for community‐dwelling older adults. Conclusions: This study highlighted the poor oral health status of these nursing home residents and the great impact of dementia on their high levels of oral diseases.