bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Application of Endoscopic Color Doppler Ultrasonography (ECDUS) in the Diagnosis of Hemodynamics of Gastric Varices, and the Therapeutic Effect of Endoscopic Therapy
Authors: SATO Takahiro , HIGASHINO Kiyoshi , MURASHIMA Yoshio , SUGA Toshihiro , YAOSAKA Toru , IMAMURA Akimichi , FUJINAGA Akira , KOITO Kazumitsu , MIYAKAWA Hiroyuki , TOCHIHARA Masahiro , NATSUI Kiyoto , ANBO Tomonori , NAGAKAWA Tatsuya , SATO Shinsuke , KATO Shigeharu , GOTO Manabu 
Published: August 2007

Abstract: We studied 14 patients using endoscopic color Doppler ultrasonography (ECDUS) to evaluate the hemodynamics of gastric varices, and evaluated the endoscopic therapeutic effects on gastric varices in 8 patients. Three patients had F3 type gastric varices and eleven had F2. The ECDUS was performed with a PENTAX FG‐32UA (7.5MHz, convex type) and a HITACHI EUB 565 was used as a display machine. The intramural blood flow in the gastric varices and inflows from the extra‐gastric wall were clearly observed with the ECDUS in all 14 patients. The extramural blood flow (gastro or spleno‐renal shunts) was detected in 9 of 14 patients. The velocity of the intramural flow in tumorous type varices (F3) was higher than in the nodular or flat elevated type (Fa). Next, we evaluated the therapeutic effects on gastric varices of the ECDUS. The successful disappearance of intramural blood flow was observed in 6 of 8 patients who had this endoscopic therapy. In two of the 8 patients, there was not enough therapeutic effect on the intramural blood flow. The extramural blood flow, however, did not change before or after endoscopic therapy with the ECDUS.Therefore, we concluded that ECDUS is a very useful modality for the diagnosis of hemodynamics and to evaluate the therapeutic effects on gastric varices.
Endoscopic Ultrasonography of the Lower Esophageal Sphincter in Reflux Esophagitis and Achalasia
Authors: KUNUGI Shori , KOMATSU Munehiro , SEKIGUCHI Toshikazu , KAWAMURA Osamu , HORIKOSHI Tsutomu , TOKI Munetoshi , OWADA Tsuneo 
Published: August 2007

Abstract: The endoscopic ultrasonography findings at the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) were compared in patients with reflux esophagitis and esophageal achalasia to clarify the differences in wall structure between these diseases. In reflux esophagitis, the esophageal wall was hypertrophied at the LES and featured both irregularity and interruption of the submucosa, muscularis propria, and adventitia. In achalasia, there was generalized hypertrophy of the esophageal wall at the LES including the mucosa, submucosa, muscularis propria and adventitia but for each layer the normal 5‐layer structure was visualized well.Thus achalasia and reflux esophagitis both featured hypertrophy at the LES, but the detailed findings were quite different. This difference was thought to arise from the presence of inflammation in reflux esophagitis and no inflammation in achalasia.
Intracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy (ISWL) in Bile Ducts under Peroral Endoscopy: Progress and Current Status
Authors: SAISHO Hiromitsu 
Published: August 2007

Abstract:Attempting to use ISWL (intracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy) for treating large and difficult biliary stones was started in the mid 1970s, approximately 10 years before the introduction of ESWL (extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy). However, in contrast to ESWL, ISWL did not quickly become popular in practise. The main reason for this delayed recognition, undoubtedly, lay in the technical difficulties of the peroral applications until the mid 1980s, when the development of an improved cholangios‐cope system and a thin, flexible probe allowed the use of EHL (electrohydraulic lithotripsy) under direct vision during peroral cholangioscopy. Thanks to recent advances in technology, a powerful pulsed laser has begun to be used for ISWL through a 0.2 mm sized quartz fiber. A laser version of ISWL with such a thin probe is expected to facilitate its use by minimizing the endoscope system. The automatic stone‐tissue recognition system which interrupts the laser discharge in case of wall contact is another useful advance in technology which increases the safety and therapeutic efficacy. Whereas laser techniques are still in development, ISWL with a laser will be the first choice technique for treating difficult bile duct stones after failure of mechanical lithotripsy and it also promises to improve its therapeutic efficacy for intrahepatic stones in combination with ESWL.In this article, the recent progresses and results of ISWL treatment were reviewed with a respect to the success of ESWL.
Successful Endoscopic Treatment of Diffuse Antral Vascular Ectasia and Early Gastric Carcinoma in an Aged Patient
Authors: IKEDA Masahiro , INOKI Ken , HAYASHI Nobuhiko , YAMAMOTO Keiji , MASUZAWA Manabu , TAKEDA Masashi 
Published: August 2007

Abstract:Diffuse antral vascular ectasia and a lla type early gastric cancer were detected in an 83‐year‐old male patient through an endoscopy during treatment for iron deficiency anemia. Monopolar electrocoagulation was effective for eradication of red spots which represented ectatic vessels. Five sessions of the therapy resulted in the ablation of almost all of the vascular lesions, negative fecal occult blood tests and improvement of his anemia. The lla lesion was endoscopically resected from the posterior wall of the upper body. Histologic examination demonstrated well differentiated adenocarcinoma confined to the mucosal layer. Both the vascular ectasia and carcinoma did not show any sign of recurrence after a year and a half.
The Value of a Transparent Hood for Biopsy of Minute Lesions of the Esophagus
Authors: OZAKI Motonobu , OTSUKA Sachio 
Published: August 2007

Abstract:Minute lesions of the esophagus were biopsied using a transparent hood designed by the authors to fit on the tip of a forward viewing endoscope. The quality of the bite biopsies performed using the hood and their accuracy, as well as technical difficulty, were investigated. Minute lesions of less than 5 mm in diameter located at 1, 2 or 3 o'clock were chosen for investigation since these are usually difficult areas from which to obtain a biopsy. Twenty subjects were biopsied using the hood and 20 were biopsied without it, in the conventional way, over the 15 month period from November 1993 to January 1995. A comparison of first biopsy success rates, with and without the hood, was made. The rate of success was very high (19/20; 95%) when the hood was used, but low (11/20; 55%) when the hood was not used (p<0.01). A comparison of the time taken for the first biopsy showed that when the hood was used, the time taken was shorter, averaging 21.9 seconds, in contrast to the rather slow average of 118.2 seconds taken when the hood was not used (p<0.01).The transparent hood is used by positioning it gently on the oral side of a tangential lesion, and then angulating the tip of the endoscope with this point as a fulcrum to position the tip so as to be virtually perpendicular to the esophageal wall, facilitating attainment of a frontal view of the lesion. The lesion thus brought forward can then be fixed, enabling the operator to obtain a biopsy with great ease and accuracy.
A Catheter Devised for Intraoperative Cholangiography during Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy
Authors: YUNOTANI Seiji , HAMAMOTO Takahiro , SAMEJEMA Ryuichiro , HISATSUGU Takeharu 
Published: August 2007

Abstract:A catheter devised to facilitate intraoperative cholangiography (IC) during laparoscopic cholecystectomy (lapcholy) is herein introduced. It is a polyethylene tube connected to a 10 mm stainless‐steel tube with an adjustable, pliable guiding sheath. The catheter allowed for accurate and easy cannulation of the cystic duct, as well as tight clipping of the cystic duct. Removal of the guiding sheath after clipping decreased the tension on the polyethylene tube, thereby giving natural biliary tract findings. We describe, herein, our experience with this instrument.The mean duration of IC during lapcholy, including developing time, was only about 10 minutes. This catheter made the intraoperative administration of IC more rapid and reliable, thus markedly reducing the duration of surgery. As a result, preoperative application of ERCP (endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography), which used to be applied to all patients undergoing lapcholy, is now limited to selected cases.
A Case of Familial Adenomatous Polyposis Associated with Colon Cancer, Ureteral Cancer and Two Early Gastric Cancers
Authors: KATAOKA Hiromi , KATSUMI Kohei , KUTSUNA Takeo , SUZUMURA Hiroshi , KOJMA Shoji , TAKESHIMA Akihiko , BAN Yoshimitsu , ITOH Tatsuo , KISHIMOTO Akihiko , KATO Minoru , IWATA Fumihiro , ITOH Makoto , TAKEUCHI Toshihiko , OGAWA Kumiko , SHIRAI Tomoyuki 
Published: August 2007

Abstract:A rare case of Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP), associated with colon cancer, ureteral cancer and two early gastric cancers, is reported. A 42‐year‐old male was admitted to our hospital for evaluation of bloody stools and macrohematuria. There were six FAP patients in his family line, spanning four generations, and five had developed colon cancers. A barium enema revealed diffuse and scattered polyposis throughout the colon and an apple core sign in the descending colon. Abdominal CT disclosed right hydronephrosis with a markedly dilated ureter. Surgery was undertaken and included total colectomy, mucosal proctectomy, ileoanal anastomosis and right nephrectomy with ureteral resection, under a diagnosis of colon cancer and complete right ureteral stenosis. The resected specimens revealed a colon cancer in the descending colon, 50×32×15 mm in size and a ureteral cancer in the lower part of the right ureter, 30×16×16 mm in size.Four years later, he visited our hospital for detailed gastric examination, because gastric abnormalities had been pointed out in a health screening examination. Upper Gl X‐ray and endoscopic studies disclosed two cancerous lesions in the gastric antrum, one being a lie lesion in the anterior wall and the other a Ha + lie lesion in the posterior wall. Subtotal gastrectomy was performed and histological study revealed that invasiveness was limited to the submucosa in both lesions. No case of FAP associated with ureteral cancer has previously been reported and only 28 cases with associated gastric cancer have appeared in the Japanese literature.
Gastrointestinal Complications Following Transcatheter Arterial Embolization through Subsegmental Catheterization for Hepatic Malignancies
Authors: TSUCHIGAME Tadatoshi , URATA Joji , MATSUKAWA Tetsuya , ARAKAWA Akihiko , SAITO Ryuichi , NAKASHIMA Kouki , MIYAO Masayuki , YAMASHITA Yasuyuki , TAKAHASHI Mutsumasa 
Published: August 2007

Abstract: We assessed gastrointestinal complications after transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) performed over the three‐year period from 1991–1994. Gastric erosion, gastroduodenal ulcer and hemorrhagic gastritis were investigated in a series of 273 cases (408 TAEs) with hepatic malignancies. Gastric erosions were found in 60 cases (7.6%), gastroduodenal ulcer in 24 cases (5.9%) and hemorrhagic gastritis in six cases (1.5%). Gastroduodenal complications occurred in a total of 60 cases (61 instances) (15.0%). Neither the formerly occurring geographic ulcers in the gastric antrum nor fatal hemorrhagic gastritis/ ulcers were encountered in the present study. This relative mildness of complications is probably attributable to superselective catheterization into the proximal hepatic artery. Such complications are due not only to ischemic changes resulting from backflow of embolic materials into the gastroduodenal artery, but also to transient liver damage caused by TAE.The incidence of complications in those taking anti‐ulcer medications was 24.7% for Ha‐blockers (p<0.01), 14.3% for combination therapy and 16.5% for no medication, as compared to 9.8% for PGE1 and 9.6% for Teprenone. Therefore PGE1 or Teprenone, which increase gastric mucosal blood flow, should be used to reduce the occurrence of these complications after TAE.
Development of an instrument to test the middle‐range theory for the self‐care of home‐dwelling elderly
Authors: Räsänen Päivi , Backman Kaisa , Kyngäs Helvi 
Published: August 2007

Purpose: This paper describes the process of developing an instrument to test the middle‐range nursing theory for the self‐care of home‐dwelling elderly.Background: Instrument development is a multiphase process, during which the researcher tests the reliability and validity of the instrument with various data and modifies it based on the test results. The aim of the study was to develop an instrument to test a theory, but also to be able to use it later in clinical settings to evaluate the self‐care of home‐dwelling elderly and factors associated with it.Methods: The instrument development was done in four phases. At the first phase, the initial version was created on the basis of the theory. At the second phase, two home‐dwelling elders were pilot‐interviewed, and 20 elders completed the structured questionnaire and commented upon its ease of use. The results were used to develop the second version of the instrument. At the third phase, the second version of the instrument was used to collect data from home‐dwelling elders aged 75 or more from different parts of Finland (n = 200). Face validity, exploratory factor analyses, correlation coefficients and Cronbach's alpha were used to test and further develop the instrument. At the fourth phase, the content validity of the third version was assessed by three home‐dwelling elders.Results: The agreement between the elders and the researchers about the contents of the instrument was acceptable, and exploratory factor analyses verified quite well the structure of the theory. Based on the Cronbach's alpha values (0.49–0.90), the internal consistency of the instrument was fairly good.Conclusion: The results provide sufficient evidence of the validity and reliability of the final version of the instrument, which has nine background questions and 82 items to measure the self‐care of home‐dwelling elderly and factors associated with it.
THE ANALYSIS OF GOLD COINS—A COMPARISON OF RESULTS OBTAINED BY NON‐DESTRUCTIVE METHODS
Authors: ODDY W. A. 
Published: August 2007

ABSTRACTSThis paper discusses a systematic difference between the results found when one series of Dark‐Age gold coins were analysed both by neutron activation and by specific gravity analysis and when a second series of similar coins was analysed by the Oxford Milliprobe and by specific gravity. No reason is given for this systematic difference, although there is evidence that all three methods are slightly in error, two of them giving results for gold which are too high and the specific gravity method giving results which are too low.
THERMOLUMINESCENT DATING OF COLOMBIAN POTTERY IN THE YOTOCO STYLE
Authors: SAMPSON E. H. , FLEMING S. J. , BRAY W. 
Published: August 2007

ABSTRACTSTwo contexts from the Colombian sites, Yotoco Ferry and Moralba, had been linked by archaeological similarities in pottery style, and dated by association with ware from other sites at circaa.d. 1000. However, radiocarbon dating of those contexts set Moralba at circa 800 b.c., some 2000 yr older than Yotoco Ferry. Thermoluminescent dating of pottery from Yotoco Ferry dated it at circaa.d. 900, and pottery from Moralba was dated at circaa.d. 870.In addition a metal‐smelting pottery crucible, thought to be prehispanic, was studied by thermoluminescence and dated, on the contrary, at less than 120 yr old.
COPPER AND COPPER ALLOYS IN ANCIENT IRAQ, SYRIA AND PALESTINE: SOME NEW ANALYSES
Authors: MOOREY P. R. S. , SCHWEIZER F. 
Published: August 2007

ABSTRACTSIn a pilot‐programme to increase evidence for the history of copper‐alloying in ancient Iraq, Syria and Palestine 128 objects in the Ashmolean Museum, Oxford, were tested with a point‐source linear X‐ray spectrometer for tin, arsenic and antimony. These analyses showed the gradual introduction of tin‐copper alloys into Iraq after ca. 2750 b.c. (Early Dynastic IIIA), into Syria a little later and into Palestine by the end of the third millennium b.c., though numerous artefacts continue to be of copper or arsenical‐copper until well into the second millennium b.c. at least. With the appearance of tin‐copper alloys the percentage of arsenic in the copper objects noticeably declines indicating that the earlier arsenical‐coppers were deliberately produced under controlled conditions.
DISPERSION DIAGRAMS: A NEW APPROACH TO THE DISPLAY OF CARBON‐14 DATES
Authors: OTTAWAY B. 
Published: August 2007

ABSTRACTSA statistical approach to the display of sets of 14C dates is suggested. All available dates of any particular culture are used to calculate the two quartiles and the median dates for it. The ‘dispersion’of the dates is then displayed as a bar showing the extreme dates, the quartiles and the median; thus neither individual dates nor their standard deviations are shown. This ‘dispersion diagram’saves much space when the dates of several cultures are to be displayed.The argument is developed that the inter‐quartile range, which does not change very much when new dates become available and are added to the set, is a good index of the time span during which a culture flourished, and this range should normally be quoted rather than the mean, median or extreme dates of the culture. With samples of nine or more it can be shown by the Hypergeometric Distribution that there is a 97% chance of two cultures being different if their inter‐quartile ranges just fail to overlap, so that this method of display is useful in assessing the overlap of cultures. The fact that the dispersion diagram contains within it a measure of the statistical uncertainties of the individual estimates and therefore can replace the standard deviation of each individual 14C date is discussed.
THE PRE‐DOSE TECHNIQUE: A NEW THERMO‐LUMINESCENT DATING METHOD
Authors: FLEMING S. J. 
Published: August 2007

ABSTRACTSA thermoluminescent (TL) glow‐curve peak occurs around 110°C for the mineral quartz. Its sensitivity may be changed by application of a radiation dose (termed the pre‐dose) followed by a heating of the quartz to 500°C: heating alone causes no sensitivity change. The enhancement observed (measured relative to the sensitivity of the peak prior to heating) is a measure of the magnitude of the pre‐dose.For quartz extracted from pottery the sensitivity enhancement induced by laboratory heating records a natural pre‐dose, i.e. the accumulated dose experienced during archaeological burial. The latter quantity is used in TL age‐determination and a test programme is reported on the application of the pre‐dose dating method to sites covering the Roman era in Britain forward to modern times.
OXYGEN ISOTOPE ANALYSIS AS A MEANS OF DETERMINING SEASON OF OCCUPATION OF PREHISTORIC MIDDEN SITES
Authors: SHACKLETON N. J. 
Published: August 2007

ABSTRACTSBy making oxygen isotope palaeotemperature determination of successive growth increments in molluscan food‐refuse shells it is possible to determine the sea temperature, and hence the season, at time of death of the shells. Although this is a method which involves the use of sophisticated and expensive equipment, it may under favourable circumstances give extremely reliable results. Shells of the limpet species Patella tabularis in the midden deposits at Nelson Bay Cave, Robberg, Cape Province, South Africa, prove to represent almost ideal material, and are used to demonstrate, contrary to what guesswork might lead one to suppose, that the site was occupied during the winter months.
URANIUM VARIATIONS IN A DATED FOSSIL BONE SERIES FROM OLDUVAI GORGE, TANZANIA
Authors: SEITZ M. G. , TAYLOR R. E. 
Published: August 2007

ABSTRACTSOf twelve elements analyzed in a series of bovid teeth from the Olduvai Gorge, uranium is the only element which varies appreciably with the ages of the samples. Uranium concentrations increase at first, then decrease with increasing age, and therefore cannot be used by themselves to obtain absolute or even relative ages of the samples. A model accounting for the behaviour of uranium is proposed in which uranium is absorbed in the samples during the decay of organic material and is lost after this decay ceases. If one accounts for uranium losses, the concentrations of uranium and its decay products may be used to accurately date skeletal material from the Olduvai gorge.
HELLENISTIC GLAZED WARES FROM ATHENS AND SOUTHERN ITALY: ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES AND IMPLICATIONS
Authors: PRAG A. J. N. W. , SCHWEIZER F. , WILLIAMS J.Ll. W. , SCHUBIGER P. A. 
Published: August 2007

ABSTRACTSThe original intention of the project, conceived in the context of the British School at Rome's excavation and survey programme in the Bradano basin (based on Gravina) was to establish the composition patterns of Hellenistic glazed wares from sites in southern Apulia, and then to use these to trace the trading patterns of the area, against a control group of sherds from the Athenian Agora. It proved possible to distinguish Attic from Apulian sherds by their nickel and chromium content, and average‐link‐cluster‐analysis by computer showed that Gnathian ware from Taranto could be distinguished from seven other south Italian groups, suggesting that speciality wares were made of clays from special beds. Because of the geological homogeneity of the area no further distinctions could be made, but some sherds were also analysed petrologically and by heavy mineral analysis, for a methodological comparison. The very homogeneous geology, coupled with the fineness of the wares showed these methods to be at the limits of their usefulness. Only very generalized conclusions could be drawn concerning the origin of the pottery from the petrological evidence; the micro‐mineralogical data showed that interesting differences existed between pottery from the main Apulian sites, but these could equally have reflected natural variations occurring within fairly homogeneous clay deposits.
AN ANALYSIS OF SOME THIRD‐CENTURY ROMAN COINS FOR SURFACE SILVERING AND SILVER PERCENTAGE OF THEIR ALLOY CONTENT
Authors: KING C. E. , HEDGES R. E. M. 
Published: August 2007

ABSTRACTSThe silver content within the body and at the surface of 22 Roman ‘bronze’coins dating to a.d. 274–305 was determined by X‐ray fluorescence to discover whether these coins were silver dipped and/or issued with a deliberately added amount of silver in their alloy.Results of this analysis indicate that antoniniani and fractional coins of the period 274–294 were probably both silver dipped and minted in an argentiferous alloy. Radiate and laureate fractions issued after 295 do not seem to have had an argentiferous alloy, nor does this analysis provide any evidence that they were silverdipped.
Developmental regulation of yolk protein gene expression in Anastrepha suspensa
Authors: Handler Alfred M. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractA partial cDNA clone for the 48,000 dalton yolk polypeptide gene from Anastrepha suspensa was isolated from a cDNA expression library using a yolk polypeptide antibody probe and hybridization to the Drosophila melanogaster yolk protein 1 gene. The sequenced DNA has greatest homology to the yolk protein genes from Ceratitis capitata, D. Melanogaster, and Calliphora erythrocephala and, similar to these genes, shares amino acid sequence domains with those from lipases. RNA hybridization studies indicated that the yolk protein gene expression is completely female‐specific and limited to the ovaries, without apparent regulation by 20‐hydroxyecdysone or juvenile hormone. This is in contrast to an earlier study which suggested, based on immunological probes, that a very low level of yolk protein synthesis occurred in fat body and was not sex‐specific. Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. 36:25–35, 1997.Published 1997 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.This article is a US Government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.