bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interleaved acquisition of lipid and water images of the heart using a double‐inversion fast spin‐echo method
Authors: Altbach Maria I. , Li Zhiqiang , Bilgin Ali , Marcus Frank I. , Sorrell Vincent L. , Gmitro Arthur F. , Bluemke David A. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractIn this work we present a new method for the improved detection of lipid infiltration in the heart. The method employs a double‐inversion fast spin‐echo technique where the acquisition of water‐ and lipid‐suppressed k‐space data is alternated between TR periods to produce coregistered lipid and water images from data acquired in a breath hold. The lipid and water images can then be combined to generate a lipid/water image with reduced artifacts due to flow and excellent contrast between lipid and myocardium. The method is demonstrated in ex vivo tissue and in vivo. This novel method may improve the detection of lipid infiltration in the heart in pathologies such as arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia. Magn Reson Med, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nuclear magnetic resonance parameters for monitoring coagulation of liver tissue
Authors: Carasso Dina , Eliav Uzi , Navon Gil 
Published: October 2005

AbstractA new NMR parameter is suggested as a sensitive tool for monitoring thermal coagulation of liver tissue. That parameter is the proton magnetization exchange time (τMEX) between water and the proteins. τMEX was very sensitive to coagulation and insensitive to temperature, therefore representing only damage to the tissue, independent of effects caused by temperature fluctuations. The measurement of τMEX by two different methods revealed the existence of two or more groups of proteins, characterized by their different transverse relaxation time, and τMEX. Magn Reson Med, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
T1ρ contrast in functional magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Hulvershorn Justin , Borthakur Arijitt , Bloy Luke , Gualtieri Eugene E. , Reddy Ravinder , Leigh John S. , Elliott Mark A. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThe application of T1 in the rotating frame (T1ρ) to functional MRI in humans was studied at 3 T. Increases in neural activity increased parenchymal T1ρ. Modeling suggested that cerebral blood volume mediated this increase. A pulse sequence named spin‐locked echo planar imaging (SLEPI) that produces both T1ρ and T2* contrast was developed and used in a visual functional MRI (fMRI)experiment. Spin‐locked contrast significantly augments the T2* blood oxygen level‐dependent (BOLD) contrast in this sequence. The total functional contrast generated by the SLEPI sequence (1.31%) was 54% larger than the contrast (0.85%) obtained from a conventional gradient‐echo EPI sequence using echo times of 30 ms. Analysis of image SNR revealed that the spin‐locked preparation period of the sequence produced negligible signal loss from static dephasing effects. The SLEPI sequence appears to be an attractive alternative to conventional BOLD fMRI, particularly when long echo times are undesirable, such as when studying prefrontal cortex or ventral regions, where static susceptibility gradients often degrade T2*‐weighted images. Magn Reson Med, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Diagnostic discordance of electromyography (EMG) versus voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG) for detrusor‐external sphincter dyssynergy (DESD)
Authors: De Elise J.B. , Patel Chirag Y. , Tharian Brenda , Westney O. Lenaine , Graves Daniel E. , Hairston John C. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractAimsDetrusor sphincter dyssynergia (DSD) is defined as: “a detrusor contraction concurrent with an involuntary contraction of the urethral and/or periurethral striated muscle.” In neurogenic etiology, this usually refers to involuntary contraction of the external striated sphincter and has classically been termed detrusor‐external sphincter dyssynergia (DESD). There is currently no consensus regarding diagnosis [specifics of electromyographic (EMG) or voiding cystourethrographic (VCUG) determination], and little data on how well these modalities correlate. We explore the diagnostic congruence for DESD between needle EMG and VCUG in the neurogenic population.MethodsConsecutive studies performed by a single urodynamicist at a major neurologic center were reviewed. Presence of DESD was determined by increased wire needle EMG activity and/or by dilated bladder neck and proximal urethra during detrusor contraction, in the absence of valsalva or attempt to inhibit voiding. Minimal acceptable criterion for agreement between the two tests was set at 70%.ResultsFourty nine patients were diagnosed with DESD, had a videourodynamic study available, and had no history of sphincterotomy or stent. Binomial testing demonstrated significant disagreement (P < 0.000) in observed proportions. There was 60% agreement (28 patients) and 40% disagreement (21 patients) between EMG and VCUG for diagnosis of DESD.ConclusionsWe found significant disagreement between needle EMG and VCUG for a positive diagnosis of DESD. A combination of EMG and VCUG may identify more cases of DESD than either modality alone and underscores the need for more strict criteria when defining this entity from a urodynamic standpoint. Neurourol. Urodynam. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Buckling of folded plate structures subjected to partial in‐plane edge loads by the FSDT meshfree Galerkin method
Authors: Liew K. M. , Peng L. X. , Kitipornchai S. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThis paper presents a meshfree Galerkin method that is based on the first‐order shear deformation theory (FSDT) to study the elastic buckling behaviour of stiffened and un‐stiffened folded plates under partial in‐plane edge loads. The un‐stiffened folded plates are modelled as assemblies of flat plates. The stiffness and initial stress matrices of the flat plates are derived by the meshfree Galerkin method. A treatment is implemented to modify the stiffness and initial stress matrices, and the matrices are then superposed to obtain the stiffness and initial stress matrix of the entire folded plate. The analytical process for stiffened folded plates is similar, except that the effects of the stiffeners must be taken into account. Because no mesh is required, the proposed method is superior for studying problems that would involve remeshing in the finite element method. Several examples are employed to show the convergence and accuracy of the proposed method. The results obtained show good agreement with the results computed from the finite element analysis software ANSYS. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparative human and deer (Odocoileus virginianus) taphonomy at the Richards site, Ohio
Authors: Edgar H. J. H. , Sciulli P. W. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThe Richards site is attributed to the Philo phase of the Fort Ancient tradition of the Ohio Valley area. Human skeletal material from the site shows evidence of peri‐ and post‐mortem taphonomic changes, including cut marks, burning and fracturing. Previous analyses have discussed explanations for these changes, including secondary burial, ritual destruction and cannibalism. Researchers have theorised that, allowing for differences in anatomy among species, humans and animals butchered for the same purpose (consumption) will show similar patterns of taphonomic changes associated with butchery. The human remains at the Richards Site were disposed in general midden pits containing mixed cultural debris and faunal remains. White‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) constitutes approximately 60% of all the faunal bone, indicating that it was a major food resource. To test a cannibalism explanation, a comparative analysis of human‐induced taphonomy in human and deer skeletal remains was performed, using chi‐square and odds ratio tests. If humans were being used as a food resource, the pattern of butchery seen would mirror that of the deer. The analysis described here compares the patterns of treatment and disposal of human and deer skeletal elements at the Richards site, to test whether both species were used as food resources.Similar types of evidence for human‐induced taphonomic changes, including cutting, chopping, burning and breakage, can be seen in both species. However, results indicate that, in general, human remains show much more evidence of perimortem treatment than do deer remains. In fact, the common odds ratio for perimortem treatment in all bones is 3.25, indicating that a human bone is 3.25 times as likely as a deer bone to be affected by burning, cutting or chopping. This probably indicates that perimortem treatment of humans was greater than that necessary simply for butchering for consumption. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Positive Support Strategies for Students with Behavioral Disorders in General Education Settings
Authors: Hieneman Meme , Dunlap Glen , Kincaid Donald 
Published: October 2005

AbstractAlthough it has been argued that students with behavioral disorders benefit most from placement in general education classrooms, careful and systematic support is required to insure that their placement is successful. In this article, we review supports and interventions provided at multiple levels that together are known as “positive behavior support” (PBS). The levels include school‐wide PBS, which involves the full student body; classroom‐based PBS, focusing on the individual class as the unit of analysis; and individualized PBS, addressing the individualized needs of specific students. When relatively intense and chronic behavior problems exist, individualized PBS involves the use of functional behavioral assessments and proactive, educative interventions. In this article, we describe each of these levels with reference to the empirical literature and with an emphasis on practical applications. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 42: 779–794, 2005.
Using Curriculum‐Based Measurement to Improve Student Achievement: Review of Research
Authors: Stecker Pamela M. , Fuchs Lynn S. , Fuchs Douglas 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThis review examines the efficacy of curriculum‐based measurement (CBM) as an assessment methodology for enhancing student achievement. We describe experimental‐contrast studies in reading and mathematics in which teachers used CBM to monitor student progress and to make instructional decisions. Overall, teachers' use of CBM produced significant gains in student achievement; however, several critical variables appeared to be associated with enhanced achievement for students with disabilities: teachers' use of systematic data‐based decision rules, skills analysis feedback, and instructional recommendations for making program modifications. In general education, positive effects for CBM were associated with use of class profiles and implementation of peer‐assisted learning strategies. Implications for instructional practice and future applications of CBM are described. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 42: 795–819, 2005.
Curriculum and Assessment Considerations for Young Children from Culturally, Linguistically, and Economically Diverse Backgrounds
Authors: Espinosa Linda M. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractEarly childhood educators and school personnel increasingly will be working with children and families from diverse economic, ethnic, cultural, and linguistic backgrounds. While the student population is rapidly becoming diverse, the teaching force remains predominantly White and from middle‐class backgrounds (Whitebook, 2003). This growing cultural and linguistic discrepancy between the children enrolled and the teachers who teach them underscores the need for all educators to develop the skills, knowledge, and, most importantly, the attitudes to effectively teach in multicultural and multilingual settings. Children from different cultures and low‐income households who enter school programs speaking little or no English are highly vulnerable to chronic academic underachievement and eventual school failure. Recent research has revealed dramatic differences in young children's achievement in mathematics and literacy by race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status (SES) at school entry (V. Lee & D. Burkam, 2002). This article reviews the relevant research on effective teaching and assessment practices for young children from diverse backgrounds and offers recommendations for school personnel. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 42: 837–853, 2005.
The Disconnect of Poor‐Urban Education: Equal Access and a Pedagogy of Risk Taking
Authors: Belfiore Phillip J. , Auld Ruth , Lee David L. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractIn an age of educational accountability and school competition, the gap between current poor‐urban school performance and standards of excellence remains glaringly obvious. As poor‐urban schools scramble to “close the gap,” many abandon sound pedagogy, becoming entrenched in a curriculum where basic‐skills worksheets are the primary method of educational delivery resulting in a disconnect between pedagogically sound educational practices and those very students that need it most. Two literacy pilot programs are discussed as applied examples showing that good teaching and accountability result in increases in early reading skills as measured by the Woodcock Reading Mastery Test‐Revised (R.W. Woodcock, 1998). Results are discussed in light of raised teacher expectations, assessment‐driven small class grouping, and active student learning. In a supportive, challenging environment, the basis for a pedagogy of risk taking emerges. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 42: 855–863, 2005.
PRIDE: The proteomics identifications database (vol. 5, Issue 13, pp. 3537‐3545)
Authors: Martens Lennart , Hermjakob Henning , Jones Philip , Adamski Marcin , Taylor Chris , States David , Gevaert Kris , Vandekerckhove Joël , Apweiler Rolf 
Published: October 2005

AbstractSee original http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pmic.200401303
Living polymerization of substituted acetylenes
Authors: Mayershofer Martin G. , Nuyken Oskar 
Published: October 2005

AbstractFor many years, considerable research efforts have been dedicated to π‐conjugated polymers because of their extraordinary electronic, optical, and structural properties. The employed transition‐metal‐based initiating systems comprise not only simple transition‐metal salts but also rather sophisticated mixtures of two, three, or four compounds and even highly defined single‐component systems such as transition‐metal alkylidene complexes. Extensive fine‐tuning of the electronic and steric properties of initiator–monomer systems eventually allowed the tailor‐made synthesis of conjugated materials via living polymerization techniques. This article focuses on recent developments in the field of the living polymerization of substituted acetylene derivatives. Ill‐defined group 5 and 6 transition metal halide‐based initiators, well‐defined transition‐metal alkylidene complexes, and rhodium(I)‐based systems that induce the living polymerization of numerous substituted acetylenes are reviewed. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 5723–5747, 2005
Tetramethylguanidino‐tris(2‐aminoethyl)amine: A novel ligand for copper‐based atom transfer radical polymerization
Authors: Brar A. S. , Kaur Sukhdeep 
Published: October 2005

AbstractWith CuBr/tetramethylguanidino‐tris(2‐aminoethyl)amine (TMG3‐TREN) as the catalyst, the atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of methyl methacrylate, n‐butyl acrylate, styrene, and acrylonitrile was conducted. The catalyst concentration of 0.5 equiv with respect to the initiator was enough to prepare well‐defined poly(methyl methacrylate) in bulk from methyl methacrylate monomer. For ATRP of n‐butyl acrylate, the catalyst behaved in a manner similar to that reported for CuBr/tris[2‐(dimethylamino)ethyl]amine. A minimum of 0.05 equiv of the catalyst with respect to the initiator was required to synthesize the homopolymer of the desired molecular weight and low polydispersity at the ambient temperature. In the case of styrene, ATRP with this catalyst occurred only when a 1:1 catalyst/initiator ratio was used in the presence of Cu(0) in ethylene carbonate. The polymerization of acrylonitrile with CuBr/TMG3‐TREN was conducted successfully with a catalyst concentration of 50% with respect to the initiator in ethylene carbonate. End‐group analysis for the determination of the high degree of functionality of the homopolymers synthesized by the new catalyst was determined by NMR spectroscopy. The isotactic parameter calculated for each system indicated that the homopolymers were predominantly syndiotactic, signifying that the tacticity remained the same, as already reported for ATRP. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 5906–5922, 2005
The effective action of type II Calabi‐Yau orientifolds
Authors: Grimm T.W. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThis article first reviews the calculation of theN= 1 effective action for generic type IIA and type IIB Calabi‐Yau orientifolds in the presence of background fluxes by using a Kaluza‐Klein reduction. The Kähler potential, the gauge kinetic functions and the flux‐induced superpotential are determined in terms of geometrical data of the Calabi‐Yau orientifold and the background fluxes. As a new result, it is shown that the chiral description directly relates to Hitchin's generalized geometry encoded by special odd and even forms on a threefold, whereas a dual formulation with several linear multiplets makes contact to the underlyingN= 2 special geometry. In type IIB setups, the flux‐potentials can be expressed in terms of superpotentials, D‐terms and, generically, a massive linear multiplet. The type IIA superpotential depends on all geometric moduli of the theory. It is reviewed, how type IIA orientifolds arise as a special limit of M‐theory compactified on specificG2manifolds by matching the effective actions. In a similar spirit type IIB orientifolds are shown to descend from F‐theory on a specific class of Calabi‐Yau fourfolds. In addition, mirror symmetry for Calabi‐Yau orientifolds is briefly discussed and it is shown that theN= 1 chiral coordinates linearize the appropriate instanton actions.
Reactivity investigation of mixtures of propane and nitrous oxide
Authors: Willey Ronald J. , Hu Shangwei , Moses John M. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractSupercritical and vapor‐phase reactions of oxidizers and fuels under pressure are of commercial interest. Because mixtures of propane and nitrous oxide have the potential to be explosive, a model mixture was studied with the intent of defining safe operating boundaries. This work investigated the nitrous oxide/propane oxidant/fuel system, diluted with the inert solvent carbon dioxide, and a catalyst as an accelerant, to determine the safe operating regions for the oxidation reaction. Using an ARC® calorimeter for the evaluations, variables included initial system density, catalyst, and mixture compositions. Density of the system ranged from 0.05 to 0.62 g/cm3. A number of catalysts were investigated with 10% Pd on carbon being the most active. Strongest reactivity was observed when the mixture was stoichiometric to the complete combustion products of nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and water. Three distinct regions of reactivity were observed: mild reactivity (starting at the sensitivity of the ARC of dT/dt = 0.02 to about 0.1° C/min); strong exothermic reaction (dT/dt ≅ 1° C/min); and flammable and/or explosive (a distinct and substantial jump in dP/dt in <1 s). As a result, a boundary has been proposed for safe mixtures of nitrous oxide, propane, and carbon dioxide, and a basis for determining safe operating compositions for other systems. The computed adiabatic reaction temperature was used to correlate the experimental results to establish the boundary for safe operation. © 2005 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog, 2005
Durability of GFRP bars: a critical review of the literature
Authors: Nkurunziza Gilbert , Debaiky Ahmed , Cousin Patrice , Benmokrane Brahim 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThe research undertaken during the last two decades has shown that one of the potential solutions to the steel‐corrosion‐related problems in concrete is the use of fiber‐reinforced composite (FRP) reinforcement as a replacement for traditional steel bars. Glass FRP (GFRP) reinforcement is gaining more popularity in construction of bridges and in other concrete structures because of its low cost compared to Carbon FRP reinforcement. The durability of these materials, especially under severe environmental conditions, is now recognized as the most critical topic of research. The lack of data on durability of the GFRP reinforcements is a major obstacle to their acceptance on a broader scale in civil engineering.This paper summarizes the most significant research work published on the durability of FRP bars in the past two decades. A comprehensive review of the literature on the durability of FRP bars indicates a significant increase in the number of studies in this area in the last decade. The durability tests conducted by the authors and others on the latest generation of GFRP bars subjected to stresses higher than the design limits, combined with aggressive mediums at elevated temperatures, have concluded that the strength reduction factors adopted by current codes and guidelines are conservative. These factors were based on limited test results that were carried out on the early generations of the GFRP products, which have now substantially changed.
Electrochemical stabilization of crystalline silicon with aromatic self‐assembled monolayers in aqueous electrolytes
Authors: Tutus Murat , Purrucker Oliver , Adlkofer Klaus , Eickhoff Martin , Tanaka Motomu 
Published: October 2005

AbstractWe report stable chemical engineering of hydrogen‐terminated Si[111] surfaces in aqueous electrolytes by electrochemical grafting of aromatic monolayers. The topography and free energy of the engineered surface obtained from AFM and contact angle measurements confirmed homogeneous coating of the surface with a monolayer. Grafting of monolayers actually resulted in a clear suppression of the surface defect densities, demonstrated by photoluminescence lifetime. Changes in the surface chemical identities after grafting and post‐treatments were followed by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The electrochemical stability in aqueous electrolytes was assessed by impedance spectroscopy, revealing an improved stabilization of the Si/electrolyte interface by the grafted monomolecular film. This protocol was further applied for another aromatic compound, where the impact of 4‐substituent functions could clearly be detected by photovoltage measurements. The chemical and electrochemical stability achieved here is promising for the successive deposition of biocompatible polymer films and lipid membranes. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Parallelization of the quantum dynamics code for cluster architecture and its applications to the Gross–Pitaevskii equation
Authors: Gorecki Adam , Bala Piotr , Lesyng Bogdan 
Published: October 2005

AbstractWe present a parallel version of a quantum dynamics (QD) algorithm in a wave function representation. The algorithm has been optimized for a Linux cluster as well as for Cray T3E, using a parallel version of a three‐dimensional FFT library. We have applied this algorithm for solving the nonlinear Gross–Pitaevskii equation (GPE), which describes the evolution of Bose–Einstein condensates (BEC) in the mean field approximation. Our method reduces the computational time and allows the study of nonlinear quantum systems. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2006