bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of different heart tissues from MRI C‐SENC images using an unsupervised multi‐stage fuzzy clustering technique
Authors: Ibrahim El‐Sayed H. , Weiss Robert G. , Stuber Matthias , Spooner Amy E. , Osman Nael F. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractPurposeTo objectively characterize different heart tissues from functional and viability images provided by composite‐strain‐encoding (C‐SENC) MRI.Materials and MethodsC‐SENC is a new MRI technique for simultaneously acquiring cardiac functional and viability images. In this work, an unsupervised multi‐stage fuzzy clustering method is proposed to identify different heart tissues in the C‐SENC images. The method is based on sequential application of the fuzzy c‐means (FCM) and iterative self‐organizing data (ISODATA) clustering algorithms. The proposed method is tested on simulated heart images and on images from nine patients with and without myocardial infarction (MI). The resulting clustered images are compared with MRI delayed‐enhancement (DE) viability images for determining MI. Also, Bland‐Altman analysis is conducted between the two methods.ResultsNormal myocardium, infarcted myocardium, and blood are correctly identified using the proposed method. The clustered images correctly identified 90 ± 4% of the pixels defined as infarct in the DE images. In addition, 89 ± 5% of the pixels defined as infarct in the clustered images were also defined as infarct in DE images. The Bland‐Altman results show no bias between the two methods in identifying MI.ConclusionThe proposed technique allows for objectively identifying divergent heart tissues, which would be potentially important for clinical decision‐making in patients with MI. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2008;28:519–526. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparison of T1 and T2 metabolite relaxation times in glioma and normal brain at 3T
Authors: Li Yan , Srinivasan Radhika , Ratiney Helene , Lu Ying , Chang Susan M. , Nelson Sarah J. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractPurposeTo measure T1 and T2 relaxation times of metabolites in glioma patients at 3T and to investigate how these values influence the observed metabolite levels.Materials and MethodsA total of 23 patients with gliomas and 10 volunteers were studied with single‐voxel two‐dimensional (2D) J‐resolved point‐resolved spectral selection (PRESS) using a 3T MR scanner. Voxels were chosen in normal appearing white matter (WM) and in regions of tumor. The T1 and T2 of choline containing compounds (Cho), creatine (Cr), and N‐acetyl aspartate (NAA) were estimated.ResultsMetabolite T1 relaxation values in gliomas were not significantly different from values in normal WM. The T2 of Cho and Cr were statistically significantly longer for grade 4 gliomas than for normal WM but the T2 of NAA was similar. These differences were large enough to impact the corrections of metabolite levels for relaxation times with tumor grade in terms of metabolite ratios (P < 0.001).ConclusionThe differential increase in T2 for Cho and Cr relative to NAA means that the ratios of Cho/NAA and Cr/NAA are higher in tumor at longer echo times (TEs) relative to values in normal appearing brain. Having this information may be useful in defining the acquisition parameters for optimizing contrast between tumor and normal tissue in MR spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) data, in which limited time is available and only one TE can be used. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2008;28:342–350. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Monitoring of early response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer with 1H MR spectroscopy: Comparison to sequential 2‐[18F]‐fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography
Authors: Tozaki Mitsuhiro , Sakamoto Masaaki , Oyama Yu , O'uchi Toshihiro , Kawano Naoko , Suzuki Takako , Yamashiro Norie , Ozaki Shinji , Sakamoto Naomi , Higa Kuniki , Abe Satoko , Ogawa Tomoko , Fukuma Eisuke 
Published: July 2008

AbstractPurposeTo assess the efficacy of 1H MR spectroscopy (MRS) to evaluate early responses to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer patients, as compared to that of the standardized uptake value (SUV) in 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET).Materials and MethodsThis retrospective study included seven patients with breast cancer who had both single‐voxel 1H MRS and PET/computed tomography (CT) acquired before, during, and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy.ResultsThe averages of the Choline (Cho) integral value and peak SUV before chemotherapy were 2.5 (range, 1.2–5.3) and 7.5 (range, 1.9–19), respectively. Three cases became negative for both Cho and peak SUV after two cycles of chemotherapy, and one patient became negative before surgery. In the remaining three patients, the curves of both values paralleled the time course of chemotherapy treatment. The difference between Cho and peak SUV before, during, and after chemotherapy was r = 0.65 (P = 0.12), r = 0.80 (P = 0.03), and r = 0.99 (P < 0.001), respectively. The reduction rate (RR) of both values after chemotherapy was also correlated (r = 0.84, P = 0.02).ConclusionA change in the Cho integral value is well correlated with that of peak SUV in the time course of neoadjuvant chemotherapy; thus, breast 1H MRS is thought to be an alternative to sequential 18F‐FDG PET. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2008;28:420–427. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
MRI vs. ultrasound for suspected appendicitis during pregnancy
Authors: Israel Gary M. , Malguria Nagina , McCarthy Shirley , Copel Josh , Weinreb Jeffrey 
Published: July 2008

AbstractPurposeTo compare the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of ultrasound (US) and MRI in evaluation of pregnant patients with a clinical suspicion of appendicitis.Materials and MethodsA total of 33 pregnant patients with suspected appendicitis underwent US and MRI. The original imaging reports generated at the time of presentation were used for data analysis. Pathology reports were used for disease confirmation in patients who underwent appendectomy. When surgery was not performed, a medical record review was performed. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV were calculated for US and MRI in the diagnosis of appendicitis.ResultsFive of the 33 patients had pathologically‐proven appendicitis. Four of the five patients with appendicitis were correctly diagnosed at MRI while one was interpreted as indeterminate (appendix not seen). At US, one was correctly diagnosed, one was incorrectly diagnosed as normal, and three were interpreted as indeterminate (appendix not seen). In 13 patients, a normal appendix was diagnosed at MRI, none of whom had appendicitis. In three patients, a normal appendix was diagnosed at US, one of whom had appendicitis. When the appendix was visualized at MRI, the sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV for the diagnosis of appendicitis was 100% for all parameters. When the appendix was visualized at US, the sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV for the diagnosis of appendicitis was 50%, 100%, 100%, and 66%, respectively.ConclusionBased on a relatively small number of true‐positives, our data suggests that MRI is very useful for the diagnosis and exclusion of appendicitis in pregnant women. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2008;28:428–433. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Diffusion MRI in ischemic epiphysis of the femoral head: An experimental study
Authors: Li Xiaoming , Qi Jianpin , Xia Liming , Li Honglian , Hu Junwu , Yu Cheng , Pen Wenjia , Guan Jian , Hu Daoyu 
Published: July 2008

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate whether line‐scan diffusion‐weighted imaging (LSDWI) can provide temporal information of epiphyseal ischemia.Materials and MethodsIschemia was induced by ligation of arteries of the unilateral femoral head in piglets (N = 25). LSDWI was performed at several time points after ligation. A comparison of apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) was made between ischemic and control sides. The difference in percentage change of ADC in the ischemic hips between two neighboring time points was evaluated. A histological study was made after MR scanning.ResultsThree hours after ligation, ADCs were significantly lower in the ischemic hips than in the contralateral (control) hips. At 72 hours after surgery, ADCs in the ischemic hips were significantly higher than in the control hips and continued to rise up until the sixth week after operation. Histological study revealed necrosis of chondrocytes and osteocytes and abnormal thickening of the epiphyseal cartilage in the ischemic femoral head.ConclusionThe ADCs may be used as a marker of ischemia and necrosis in the femoral head; changes in the ADCs after the acute ischemia may reflect the evolution of ischemia and subsequent necrosis. LSDWI can be used for the evaluation of the duration and extent of ischemic injury in the epiphysis. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2008;28:471–477. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
MR findings of meniscal extrusion correlated with arthroscopy
Authors: Magee Thomas 
Published: July 2008

AbstractPurposeTo correlate MR exams showing meniscal extrusions >3 mm beyond the tibial margin with arthroscopic findings. Meniscal extrusion (>3 mm extension beyond the tibial margin) has been described on previous studies as having a high index of association with meniscal root tears. These previous studies were limited by a lack of exact arthroscopic correlation. We also assessed the prevalence of meniscal root tears on MR examinations without meniscal extrusions.Materials and MethodsA retrospective review was performed of 300 consecutive knee MR exams of patients who went on to arthroscopy. All patients had a complete MR exam performed on a 3T GE MR scanner. MR exams were reviewed for medial meniscal extrusion >3 mm from the tibial margin. The exams with medial meniscal extrusion were reviewed for meniscal tears on MR exam. The exams without meniscal extrusion were reviewed for meniscal root tears. Results were subsequently correlated with arthroscopy.ResultsOf the 300 MR exams, 42 demonstrated medial meniscal extrusion >3 mm from the tibial margin. Of these 42 patients, 34 had meniscal degeneration, complex tear, or a large radial tear near to or involving the meniscal root on MR examination. A total of 33 of these tears described on MR exam were seen at arthroscopy. A total of 24 of these tears were root tears, seven were complex tears, and two had severe meniscal degeneration. There was one root tear described on MR exam that was not seen on arthroscopy. Eight of the 42 patients had no meniscal tear demonstrated on MR examination or arthroscopy. All eight of these patients were ≥50 years old. There were two meniscal root tears on both MR exam and at arthroscopy in the 258 patients without meniscal extrusion on MR exam.ConclusionThere is a high prevalence of meniscal root tears in patients with meniscal extrusion on MR exam. Meniscal root tears are uncommon in patients without meniscal extrusion on MR exam. There may be a subset of patients in which the meniscal root is stretched rather than torn. Medial meniscal extrusion in patients >50 years old may be associated with a meniscal “stretch” injury due to degeneration of the meniscus without a meniscal tear detectable on arthroscopy. These menisci may have increased laxity due to compromised meniscal collagen fibers. This may predispose the patient to premature osteoarthritis. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2008;28:466–470. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Relevance of b‐values in evaluating liver fibrosis: A study in healthy and cirrhotic subjects using two single‐shot spin‐echo echo‐planar diffusion‐weighted sequences
Authors: Girometti Rossano , Furlan Alessandro , Esposito Gennaro , Bazzocchi Massimo , Como Giuseppe , Soldano Franca , Isola Miriam , Toniutto Pierluigi , Zuiani Chiara 
Published: July 2008

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the relevance of increasing b‐values in evaluating liver fibrosis through the agreement of two diffusion‐weighted (DW) sequences.Materials and MethodsA total of 29 cirrhotic patients and 29 healthy volunteers were studied on a 1.5T system. Two single‐shot spin‐echo echo‐planar sequences were acquired using sets of increasing b‐values: 0, 150, 250, and 400 seconds/mm2 (first sequence: DW1a) and 0, 150, 250, 400, 600, and 800 seconds/mm2 (second sequence: DW2a). Apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) of the hepatic parenchyma were calculated on ADC maps. Noise‐scaled single‐point ADCs were calculated for each sequence from b = 400 seconds/mm2.ResultsADCs resulted significantly lower in cirrhotic patients compared to controls using both DW1a (mean 1.14 ± 0.20 × 10−3mm2/second vs. 1.54 ± 0.12 × 10−3mm2/second; P < 0.0001) and DW2a (mean 0.91 ± 0.18 × 10−3mm2/second vs. 1.04 ± 0.18 × 10−3mm2/second; P = 0.0089). DW1 and DW2, respectively significantly differed in diagnostic performance at receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis (P = 0.003), showing AUCs of 0.93 (sensitivity 89.7%, specificity 100%) and 0.73 (sensitivity 62.1%, specificity 79.3%), respectively. Noise‐scaled single‐point ADCs showed a progressive convergence to similar values in cirrhotic and healthy livers at b = 800 seconds/mm2 (1.12 ± 0.27 × 10−3mm2/second vs. 1.13 ± 0.17 × 10−3mm2/second).ConclusionA DW sequence is accurate in assessing liver fibrosis using intermediate (400 seconds/mm2) rather than high (800 seconds/mm2) maximum b‐values, but after proper recalculation of ADCs the effects of perfusion rather than diffusion should be considered responsible for the higher accuracy at lower b‐values. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2008;28:411–419. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Vitamin C estimation with standard 1H spectroscopy using a clinical 3T MR system: Detectability and reliability within the human brain
Authors: Shih Yi‐Yu , Büchert Martin , Chung Hsiao‐Wen , Hennig Jürgen , von Elverfeldt Dominik 
Published: July 2008

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate whether vitamin C is detectable using clinical routine MRS combined with LCModel analysis and verify the reliability of its estimated concentration.Materials and MethodsIn order to determine the reliability of the estimated ascorbic acid (Asc) concentrations, we analyzed 76 in vivo single voxel spectra (SVS) acquired on a 3T scanner (point‐resolved spectroscopy with TE = 30 ms, TR = 3000 ms, voxel size = 8 mL, without spectral editing) from different regions within the brain using LCModel. In addition to this we simulated multiple concentration levels by adding adapted Asc spectra to the in vivo data.ResultsAsc was successfully detected in 71 of 76 in vivo spectra with a comparable concentration ratio to that of myo‐inositol. Furthermore, we observed good linearity between added Asc concentrations and the LCModel estimates within the simulations having correlation coefficients larger than 0.985 at three different linewidth cases.ConclusionThis study demonstrates the ability to detect vitamin C in the human brain under common clinical magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) standards in combination with LCModel. Furthermore, it supports the need to include Asc in the standard MRS analysis. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2008;28:351–358. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Raman spectroscopy in art and archaeology
Authors: Baraldi Pietro , Tinti Anna 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThis paper introduces presentations given at the fourth International Conference on the Application of Raman Spectroscopy in Art and Archaeology, held in Modena, Italy, in the Ducal Palace, on 5–8 September 2007. The subjects of lectures and posters presented were concerned mainly with the new applications of Raman microscopy and other Raman techniques to more problematic samples, such as lakes, inks, and fluorescent dyes. Chronologically, the applications extended from the 10th century BC to the present day. The areas considered in the research were wide‐ranging in terms of subject‐matter and also geographically. New techniques have been developed for the study of binders in paintings and lakes, and with movable instrumentation on unmovable samples. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Isolated limb perfusion with tumor necrosis factor and melphalan for non‐resectable soft tissue sarcomas: Long‐term results on efficacy and limb salvage in a selected group of patients
Authors: Cherix Stéphane , Speiser Mélanie , Matter Maurice , Raffoul Wassim , Liénard Danièle , Theumann Nicolas , Mouhsine Elyazid , Mirimanoff René‐Olivier , Leyvraz Serge , Lejeune Ferdy J , Leyvraz Pierre‐François 
Published: July 2008

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesIsolated limb perfusion with TNF‐alpha and melphalan (TM‐ILP) is a limb salvage therapy for non‐resectable soft tissue sarcomas (STS) of the extremities. It is indicated for patients for whom amputation or debilitating surgery is the only alternative. It can be used either as an exclusive therapy (in palliation) or as a neo‐adjuvant treatment, followed by marginal resection of tumor remnants with minimal functional impairment.MethodsBetween February 1992 and March 2006, 57 TM‐ILPs were performed on 51 patients with 88% high grade and 84% advanced stage tumors.ResultsMean follow‐up is 38.9 months (4–159, median 22 months). Twenty‐one percent patients had significant early complications, with 3 major re‐operations, and 23% suffered long‐lasting complications. Complete response was observed in 25%, partial response in 42%, stable disease in 14% and progressive disease in 14%. Resection of the tumor remnants was possible in 65%. A complementary treatment was necessary in 31%, mostly radiation therapy. A local recurrence was observed in 35%, after a mean of 20.3 months (2–78), and distant relapse was seen in 45%, after a mean of 13.4 months (5–196). Mean Disease‐free survival was 14.9 months, and overall 5‐year‐survival 43.5%. Amputation rate at 5 years was 24%.ConclusionsTM‐ILP is a conservative treatment with a high complications rate, but it can be successful even for the most severe STS of extremities. As a consequence the limb can be spared from amputation or debilitating surgery on the long term in about 75% of patients. J. Surg. Oncol. 2008;98:148–155. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The most appropriate category of metastatic lymph nodes to evaluate overall survival of gastric cancer following curative resection
Authors: Deng Jing‐Yu , Liang Han , Sun Dan , Zhan Hong‐Jie , Wang Xiao‐Na 
Published: July 2008

AbstractAimsThe purpose of this study was to provide a nodal grouping category based on metastatic lymph nodes to evaluate overall survival in gastric cancer patients following curative resection (R0).Patients and MethodsWe reviewed data of 308 gastric cancer patients following curative resection to evaluate significantly survival differences in different categories of the number of metastatic lymph nodes.ResultsIn 308 evaluable patients, 5‐year survival rate (YSR) was 52.9% (median follow‐up, 84 months; range, 6–144 months). A total of 6309 lymph nodes were harvested and examined from all 308 patients, and the average number of lymph nodes harvested for per patient was 20.5 (range, 15–49). The average number of metastatic lymph nodes was 5.4 (range, 0–37) per patient. The initial metastatic node cutoffs were designed as 0, 1–4, 5–8, 9–11, 12–16, and ≥17. According to this new category of the number of metastatic lymph nodes, the 5‐YSR of various patient groups were 85.7%, 62.8%, 34.3%, 0%, 0%, and 3.4%, respectively. However, we found that there were not significant prognostic differences between patients with 9 metastatic lymph nodes and patients with more than 9 metastatic lymph nodes (P > 0.05). So we redesigned the later cutoffs of number of metastatic lymph nodes. They were as follows: 0, 1–4, 5–8, and ≥9 of metastatic lymph nodes. We demonstrated this new category of the number of metastatic lymph nodes was more appropriate to evaluate overall survival of gastric cancer patients following curative resection than anyone of the current metastatic lymph nodal stagings (such as N stag in UICC, location of metastatic lymph nodes in JCGC, or ratio of metastatic lymph nodes) by using the case‐control matched fashion.ConclusionsOur new category of the number of metastatic lymph nodes was an important prognostic factor of gastric cancer patients following curative resection. There were significant overall survival differences in gastric cancer patient groups with various numbers of metastatic lymph nodes following curative resection. J. Surg. Oncol. 2008;98:343–348. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A systematic review on the clinical diagnosis of gastrointestinal stromal tumors
Authors: Scarpa Marco , Bertin Matteo , Ruffolo Cesare , Polese Lino , D'Amico Davide F. , Angriman Imerio 
Published: July 2008

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this work was to assess the prevalence of symptoms of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) and the diagnostic yield of clinical procedures for its diagnosis.MethodsMedical databases were consulted between 1998 and 2006 for potentially relevant publications. All studies dealing with the clinical presentation of GIST and related diagnostic procedures were included. Two researchers worked independently on the study selection, quality assessment, data extraction, and analysis phases of the study.ResultsForty‐six observational studies were included with a total of 4,534 patients. Gastrointestinal bleeding was the most common clinical presentation. Twenty studies provided adequate information on the diagnostic yield of various procedures. The pooled diagnostic yield of endoscopy + mucosal biopsy and of intestinal contrast radiography was 33.8% (0–100%) and 35.1% (11–100%), respectively, while that of EUS and that of EUS‐FNA was 68.7% (40–100%) and 84.0% (73.8–100%), respectively. Abdominal CT scan and MRI had similar pooled diagnostic yields: 73.6% (34.8–100%), and 91.7% (75–100%), respectively.ConclusionEndoscopy + mucosal biopsy should be reserved to patients with gastrointestinal bleeding. EUS‐FNA provides direct visualization of the neoplasm and adequate samples for molecular diagnosis. EUS, abdominal CT and MRI may be considered valid alternatives whenever EUS‐FNA is unavailable or a cytological diagnosis is unnecessary. J. Surg. Oncol. 2008;98:384–392. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Is pleomorphic lobular carcinoma really a distinct clinical entity?
Authors: Buchanan Claire L. , Flynn Laurie W. , Murray Melissa P. , Darvishian Farbod , Cranor Milicent L. , Fey Jane V. , King Tari A. , Tan Lee K. , Sclafani Lisa M. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractBackgroundAttempts to define the clinical behavior of pleomorphic lobular carcinoma (PLC) have been limited to small series, and clinical management strategies have yet to be established. We describe our experience with PLC as compared to classic ILC and invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC).MethodsFrom 9/1996 to 5/2003, clinical and histopathologic data for 5,635 patients undergoing primary surgical treatment and sentinel lymph node biopsy for breast cancer were collected. Four hundred eighty one (8.5%) patients were diagnosed with ILC; 3,978 (70.6%) with IDC. Of those with ILC, 356 (74%) patients had material available for pathologic re‐review and comprise our study population: 52 were classified as PLC; 298 were classified as classic ILC; and 6 cases were reclassified as IDC. We compared clinical, pathologic, and treatment factors for patients with PLC, ILC, and IDC using the Wilcoxon rank sum and Fisher's exact tests.ResultsPLC were larger than ILC and IDC (20 vs. 15 vs. 13, P < 0.001), had more positive nodes (median 1 vs. 0 vs. 0, P < 0.05) and more frequently required mastectomy (63.5% vs. 38.7% vs. 28.8%, P < 0.001). In addition, more patients with PLC had developed metastatic disease compared to patients with ILC (11.5% vs. 3.7%, P < 0.05).ConclusionsThese findings suggest that PLC is a distinct clinical entity that presents at a more advanced stage and may require more aggressive surgical and adjuvant treatment. J. Surg. Oncol. 2008;98:314–317. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.