bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PHOTOGRAMMETRIC HEIGHTING ACCURACY
Authors: Neill L. E. 
Published: October 2007

Abstract Users of photogrammetric data have often been puzzled by conflicting advice given by companies regarding achievable height accuracies which could be expected from varying scales of aerial photography. The author chairs the Photogrammetry Group which is convened under the auspices of the Council of the UK Land and Hydrographic Survey Association (TSA). The first aim of this Group was to establish some common ground among TSA member companies with regard to achievable heighting accuracies. A series of tests was carried out on the most commonly used photographic scales and guidelines were published to clients based on these tests. Résumé Les utilisateurs des données photogrammétriques ont été souvent déconcertés par les avis contraires émanant des entreprises concernant les précisions altimétriques accessibles à partir de diverses échelles des photographies aériennes. Dans ce contexte, le Conseil de ľ‘Association britannique des levées terrestres et hydrographiques (TSA) a mis sur pied un Groupe “Photogrammétrie” et en a confié la présidence àľauteur. Le premier objectif de ce Groupe a consistéàétablir des bases communes aux entreprises membres de la TSA, en ce qui concerne les précisions altimétriques réalisables. On a effectué un ensemble ď essais sur les échelles des photographies aériennes les plus communément utilisées et ľ on a publicé, à partir de ces essais un opuscule destinéà guider les clients. Zusammenfassung Die Nutzer photogrammetrischer Daten werden oft durch widerspriich‐liche Ratschläge der Firmen in bezug auf die bei verschiedenen Bildmaβstäben erreichbare Höhengenauigkeit verwirrt. Der Autor leitet den photogrammetrischen Ausschuβ, der unter Aufsicht des Council des UK Land and Hydrographic Survey Association (TSA) einberufen wurde. Erstes Ziel dieses Gremiums war es, eine gemeinsame Grundlage unter den TSA‐Mitgliedsgesellschaften im Hinblick auf erreichbare Höhengenauigkeit zu schaffen. Es wurde eine Reihe von Versuchen zu den am meisten verwendeten Bildmaβstäben durchgeführt, undes wurden daraufberuhende Richtlinien für Kunden veröffentlicht.
DIGITAL PHOTOGRAMMETRY AT THE INSTITUT CARTOGRAFIC DE CATALUNYA
Authors: Colomer J. L. , Colomina I. 
Published: October 2007

Abstract Since its foundation in 1982, the Institut Cartogràfic de Catalunya has been dealing with digital images. Though digital images and techniques were initially confined to remote sensing, they have been gradually transferred to and combined with photogrammetry. In addition to the development of remote sensing and digital orthophotography systems, this expertise has facilitated the introduction of commercially available digital photogrammetric systems (scanning and stereocompilation) which are now in full operation. The paper describes the experience in scanning, orthophotography production and stereocompilation, draws some conclusions and gives an insight of the future of digital photogrammetry. Résumé L‘Institut Cartographique de Catalogue s‘est intéressé au traitement des images numériques depuis le moment où il a été crée, en 1982. Bien qu'au début les images numériques et leur technologie aient été réservées à la télédétection, elles se sont trouvées peu à peu transférées et intégrées à la photogrammétrie. Ce savoir‐faire a permis le développement des systèmes de télédétection et ď orthophotographie numérique et a, de plus, facilité la mise à disposition sur le marché de systèmes de photogrammétrie numérique qui sont maintenant pleinement opérationnels. On présente dans cet article ľ expérience acquise dans le domaine du balayage, de la production des orthophotographies et de la stéréocompilation, on en tire quelques conclusions et ľ on termine par un aperçu sur ľ‘avenir de la photogrammétrie numérique. Zusammenfassung Seit seiner Gründung im Jahre 1982 hat sich das Institut Cartogràfic de Catalunya mit digitalen Bildern beschäftigt. Obwohl digitate Bilder und Verfahren ursprünglich auf die Fernerkundung begrenzt waren, wurden sie schrittweise auf die Photogrammetrie übertragen bzw. mit ihr kombiniert. Zusätzlich zur Entwicklung von Fernerkundung und digitaler Orthophoto‐Systeme hat diese Erfahrung die Einführung kommerziell verfügbarer digitaler photogrammetrischer Systeme erleichtert, die jetzt überall in der Praxis angewendet werden. Der Beitrag beschreibt die Erfahrung bei der Abtastung, der Herstellung von Orthophotos und bei der Stereoauswertung und gibt einige Schluβfolgerungen und Aussichten in bezug auf die Digitalphotogrammetrie wieder.
THE PHOTOGRAMMETRIC SOCIETY ANALOGUE INSTRUMENT PROJECT: A THIRD EXTRACT
Authors: Burnside C. D. 
Published: October 2007

Abstract The paper entitled The Photogrammetric Society Analogue Instrument Project was published in The Photogrammetric Record, 14(82): 565–582 (October 1993) and contained, as Appendix A, an extract from the Archive concerned with the history of the Zeiss Stereoplanigraph in Great Britain. In The Photogrammetric Record, 14(83): 769–782 (April 1994), three further Appendices were published which dealt with the Williamson Multiplex equipment and other instruments. In this third extract, the history of five other instruments of the Multiplex type are described. This brings to a close that section of the Archive dealing with instruments using direct optical projection.Résumé On a publicé dans le numéro 14(82) (pp 565–582) ďoctobre 1993 du“Photogrammetric Record”ľarticle intitulé“le projet de la Société (britannique) de Photogrammétrie sur les instruments analogiques” et inséré dans ľannexe A un extrait des Archives relatif a ľhistorie du Stereoplan‐igraphe Zeiss en Grande‐Bretagne. On a publicé dans le numéro 14 (83) ďavril 1994 du“Photogrammetric Record”(pp 769–782) trois annexes supplémentaires qui traitaient de ľappareil Multiplex de Williamson et ďautres instruments. Dans ce troisième extrait, on présente ľhistorie de cinq autres appareils du type Multiplex. Cette partie des Archives qui traitait des appareils basés sur ľemploi ďuneprojection optique directe, se trouve ainsi achevee.Zusammenfassung Der Beitrag mit dem Titel“The Photogrammetric Society Analogue Instrument Project”wurde im Photogrammetric Record, 14(82): 565–582 (Oktober 1993) veröffentlicht und enthielt als Anlage A einen Extrakt vom Archiv, das mit der Geschichte des Zeiss Steroplanigraph in Groβbritannien verbunden war. Im Photogrammetric Record, 14(83); 769–782 (April 1984) wurden 3 weitere Anlagen veröffentlicht, die vom Williamson Multiplex und anderen Geräten handelten. In diesem 3. Auszug wird die Geschichte von 5 anderen Geräten des Multiplex‐Typs beschrieben. Das führt zum Abschluβ desjenigen Teils des Archivs, das sich mit Geräten mit direkter optischer Projektion befaβt.
The Role of Cardiac Tissue Alignment in Modulating Electrical Function
Authors: CHUNG CHIUNG‐YIN , BIEN HAROLD , ENTCHEVA EMILIA 
Published: October 2007

Introduction: Most cardiac arrhythmias are associated with pathology‐triggered ion channel remodeling. However, multicellular effects, for example, exaggerated anisotropy and altered cell‐to‐cell coupling, can also indirectly affect action potential morphology and electrical stability via changed electrotonus. These changes are particularly relevant in structural heart disease, including hypertrophy and infarction. Recent computational studies showed that electrotonus factors into stability by altering dynamic properties (restitution). We experimentally address the question of how cell alignment and connectivity alter tissue function and whether these effects depend on the direction of wave propagation. Methods and Results: We show that cardiac cell arrangement can alter electrical stability in an in vitro cardiac tissue model by mechanisms both dependent and independent of the direction of wave propagation, and local structural remodeling can be felt beyond a space constant. Notably, restitution of action potential duration (APD) and conduction velocity was significantly steepened in the direction of cell alignment. Furthermore, prolongation of APD and calcium transient duration was found in highly anisotropic cell networks, both for longitudinal and transverse propagation. This is in contrast to expected correlation between wave propagation direction and APD based on electrotonic effects only, but is consistent with our findings of increased cell size and secretion of atrial natriuretic factor, a hypertrophy marker, in the aligned structures. Conclusion: Our results show that anisotropic structure is a potent modulator of electrical stability via electrotonus and molecular signaling. Tissue alignment must be taken into account in experimental and computational models of arrhythmia generation and in designing effective treatment therapies.
Effect of Atrial Electrical Remodeling on the Efficacy of Antiarrhythmic Drugs: Comparison of Amiodarone with IKr‐ and Ito/IKur‐Blockade In Vivo
Authors: LINZ DOMINIK K. , AFKHAM FRENI , ITTER GABI , RÜTTEN HARTMUT , WIRTH KLAUS J. 
Published: October 2007

Introduction: Amiodarone is the gold standard in the prevention of recurrence of atrial fibrillation (AF), but the causes for its superior clinical efficacy are not understood. We hypothesized that atrial electrical remodeling increases the atrial efficacy of amiodarone. Methods and Results: We investigated the effect of an acute intravenous dose of amiodarone on atrial refractory periods (AERP) in sinus rhythm (SR) and after 5, 24, and 72 hours of atrial tachypacing in comparison with the IKr blocker dofetilide and the Ito/IKur blockers AVE1231 and AVE0118 in five instrumented goats. Electrical remodeling progressively increased the AERP‐prolonging effect of 3 mg/kg of AVE1231 and AVE0118 (2‐fold increase in AERP at 72 hours vs SR, P < 0.01), but strongly decreased that of 10 μg/kg dofetilide (<0.5‐fold, P < 0.05, at 300 and 400 ms basic cycle length). After 5 and 24 hours of tachypacing, the effect of 3 mg/kg amiodarone strongly increased (2‐fold, P < 0.01 after 24 hours vs SR). This early gain in AERP prolongation was confirmed in anesthetized pigs with 3.5 hours of atrial tachypacing (2.4‐fold increase, P < 0.01). At 72 hours of atrial tachypacing in the goat, however, the early gain was lost and the effect of amiodarone was similar again to that in SR. Conclusion: Atrial electrical remodeling changed the efficacy of the antiarrhythmic agents in a different way. The favorable efficacy profile of amiodarone during electrical remodeling, particularly the marked increase in AERP prolongation in early electrical remodeling, may explain its superior clinical efficacy over existing antiarrhythmic drugs.
Minority Matters:12 Angry Menas a Case Study of a Successful Negotiation against the Odds
Authors: Flouri Eirini , Fitsakis Yiannis 
Published: October 2007

In his famous book,Social Influence and Social Change, celebrated social psychologist Serge Moscovici contended that minorities influence change by creating conflict. Because people wish to avoid conflict, they will often dismiss the minority position. But when the minority refuses to be dismissed by remaining committed to its position and maintaining a well‐defined and coherent point of view, then the minority can make the majority reconsider its beliefs and consider the minority's position as a viable alternative. Moscovici identified five key aspects of the minority's influential behavior: consistency, investment, autonomy, rigidity, and fairness.In this article we analyze the negotiation process depicted in the 1957 film12 Angry Men. This critically acclaimed film powerfully illustrates the dynamics of bargaining and the use of informal authority with a focus on the role of personality. The film illustrates how, by adopting the five behavioral strategies described by Moscovici, the minority — in this case a lone dissenting juror — is able to successfully negotiate and, against the odds, influence the overwhelming majority comprising the other eleven jurors.
Serum transferrin receptor, ferritin, and reticulocyte maturity indices during the first year of life in ‘large’ preterm infants
Authors: Schiza Vassiliki , Giapros Vasileios , Pantou Konstantina , Theocharis Paraskevi , Challa Anna , Andronikou Styliani 
Published: October 2007

AbstractBackground: Preterm infants are at risk of developing iron deficiency; among the iron status and hemopoiesis indices the serum transferrin receptor (sTfr) has been shown to be a useful indicator in assessing iron status, while immature reticulocyte production is regarded as an estimator of erythropoiesis.Objective: To investigate age‐related changes in iron status infants born ‘moderately’ preterm, with a gestational age (GA) of 32–36 wk, and identify associations between sTfr and other hematological and biochemical iron indices.Design: Hospital‐based prospective, longitudinal study in preterm infants.Methods: Iron and erythropoiesis parameters were evaluated in 181 formula‐fed preterm infants at 2 and 6 wk and 3, 6, 9, and 12 months chronological age. Hemoglobulin (Hb), hematocrit (Hct), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), reticulocytes, serum iron (sFe), serum ferritin (sFer), sTfr, and reticulocyte subpopulations were measured.Results: A total of 756 measurements were performed. After an initial decline, Hb rose from month 3 to 12 of life. SFe and sFer and immature reticulocyte count decreased from the second week to the third month and remained stable thereafter. STfr was lower up to 6 wk and stable from month 3 to 12. Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) was found in 5.5% of infants. In 76 measurements sFer was <12 μg/L, implying storage iron deficiency (SID). A negative correlation was observed between sTfr and other indices of iron status such as Hb, Hct, MCV, sFe, and sFer. Infants with sFer <12 μg/L had lower sTfr than those with sFer >12 μg/L. Reticulocyte production was positively associated with STfr, but this association was dependent on the chronological age of the infant.Conclusion: Iron depletion is common in formula‐fed preterm (32–36 wk GA) infants between month 3 and 12 of life. STfr appears to be an indicator of iron status in preterm infants during the first year of life.
A post‐transcriptional process contributes to efficient γ‐globin gene silencing in definitive erythroid cells
Authors: Russell J. Eric 
Published: October 2007

AbstractObjectives:  The expression of human γ globin is developmentally regulated through mechanisms that affect the transcriptional activity of its encoding gene. The current manuscript investigates whether the efficiency of this process might be enhanced though an unrecognized post‐transcriptional event that defines the stability of γ‐globin mRNA.Methods:  Experiments were conducted in vivo in transgenic mice expressing human γ globin in their adult erythroid cells. The expression of γ‐globin protein was manipulated by breeding the transgene into animals producing different levels of endogenous mouse β‐globin. Changes in the expression of γ globin were then correlated to measures of γ‐globin mRNA stability in vivo.Results:  Human γ globin was expressed at higher levels in thalassemic than in than non‐thalassemic control transgenics, paralleling a highly significant increase in the stability of γ‐globin mRNA. Other molecular events–including possible transcriptional induction of the transgene, or an increase in the stability of the γ‐globin protein–did not appear to contribute to the observed increase in transgene expression. As anticipated, the stability of γ‐globin mRNA also fell in bitransgenic animals that co‐expressed human β‐globin mRNA.Conclusions:  Our results are consistent with a model for dynamic post‐transcriptional control of γ‐globin gene expression, through modulation of the stability of its encoding mRNA. Moreover, the stability of γ‐globin mRNA appears to be inversely related to ambient levels of co‐expressed β‐globin mRNA. This data suggests that therapeutic gene‐reactivation and/or gene‐replacement therapies may be particularly effective in individuals with severe forms of β‐thalassemia.
High prevalence of inherited thrombophilia in ‘presumed peri‐neonatal’ ischemic stroke
Authors: Suppiej Agnese , Franzoi Malida , Gentilomo Chiara , Battistella Pier Antonio , Drigo Paola , Gavasso Sabrina , Laverda Anna Maria , Simioni Paolo 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of inherited thrombophilia in ‘peri‐neonatal arterial ischemic stroke’ (AIS), and its possible correlation with type of stroke and long‐term neurological outcome. A cohort of twenty‐four infants affected by AIS were analysed for risk factors, clinical and neuroradiological features, coagulation and thrombophilia profile and outcome. Two subgroups were considered, based on clinical presentation: infants symptomatic in the neonatal period, acute AIS (aAIS) and those with a delayed presentation (presumed peri‐neonatal onset, pAIS). The mean follow‐up on patients was 3 yr and 1 month (range 1–15 yr). Inherited thrombophilia, consisting of factor V Leiden and prothrombin G20210A mutations, protein C and/or protein S deficiencies, was detected in 28.6%. A significantly higher prevalence of inherited thrombophilia was observed in infants with pAIS compared with aAIS (Fisher’s exact test,P = 0.011). Infants with pAIS had a significantly worse neurological outcome with respect to aAIS (Fisher’s exact test,P = 0.014). Inherited thrombophilia was significantly higher in patients with a poor neurological outcome (Fisher’s exact testP = 0.002). Although the clinical presentation (aAIS vs. pAIS) was associated with future neurological disabilities, it is the thrombophilia but not the clinical presentation, which remains the only significant prognostic factor in the logistic regression analysis. Although preliminary, these data suggest an association of unfavourable neurological outcome and inherited prothrombotic defects in neonatal AIS. The higher prevalence of inherited thrombophilia identified in pAIS and the worse neurological outcome encourage further investigations in population‐based studies.
Comparative analysis of extra‐nodal NK/T‐cell lymphoma and peripheral T‐cell lymphoma: significant differences in clinical characteristics and prognosis
Authors: Lim Soon Thye , Hee Siew Wan , Quek Richard , Lim Lay Cheng , Yap Swee Peng , Loong Er‐Li , Sng Ivy , Tan Leonard Hwan‐Cheong , Ang Mei‐Kim , Ngeow Joanne , Tham Chee‐Kian , Ngo Lynette , Tan Min Han , Tao Miriam 
Published: October 2007

Abstract Aim: We aimed to compare the frequencies, clinical characteristics, and prognostic factors of peripheral T‐cell lymphoma (PTCL) vs. extra‐nodal natural killer (NK)/T‐cell lymphoma and to characterize the subtypes of extra‐nodal NK/T‐cell lymphoma. Methods: We reviewed 97 consecutive patients with PTCL and extra‐nodal NKT lymphoma from 2000 to 2006. During this period, a total of 780 patients with malignant lymphomas were treated in our center. The diagnostic criteria used were based on the WHO classification system of malignant lymphomas. Results: Extra‐nodal‐NK/T‐cell lymphoma and PTCL comprised 5.0% (39/780) and 7.4% (58/780) of all cases. Of the PTCL cases, histology was PTCL‐NOS in 25, anaplastic large cell in 11, angioimmunoblastic T cell in 18 and other subtypes in four patients. Compared with PTCL, extra‐nodal NK/T‐cell lymphoma was associated with a significantly inferior rates of complete remission (33% vs. 53%, P = 0.05) and 3 yr overall survival (29.5% vs. 47.5%, P = 0.003). On multivariate analysis, extra‐nodal NK/T‐cell histology was independently associated with decreased survival. Further analysis into this subtype showed the nasal variant (n = 25) differed significantly from extra‐nasal variant (n = 14) in terms of stage at presentation (stages III/IV, 36% vs. 79%), international prognostic index scores (high intermediate or high IPI scores, 24% vs. 64%), complete remission rates (48% vs. 7%), and median survival (10 months vs. 1 month, P < 0.0001). Conclusions: Extra‐nodal NK/T‐cell lymphoma was associated with a poorer prognosis compared with PTCL and is likely to comprise two distinct variants with different clinical behavior and prognosis.
Genetic and epigenetic alterations of the reduced folate carrier in untreated diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Kastrup Ingelise Bjerring , Worm Jesper , Ralfkiaer Elisabeth , Hokland Peter , Guldberg Per , Grønbæk Kirsten 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe reduced folate carrier (RFC) is a transmembrane protein that mediates cellular uptake of reduced folates and antifolate drugs, including methotrexate (MTX). Acquired alterations of the RFC gene have been associated with resistance to MTX in cancer cell lines and primary osteosarcomas. Here, we examined RFC for mutations and promoter hypermethylation in (i) the inherently MTX‐resistant lymphoma cell line (RL); (ii) 30 paired cases of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) obtained at diagnosis and at relapse after treatment with MTX; and (iii) 25 cases of diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) at diagnosis, none of which had been previously exposed to MTX. Aberrant hypermethylation of the RFC promoter occurred in RL cells and two of the primary DLBCLs. In one additional DLBCL, a single‐base substitution in RFC was identified, leading to the introduction of a premature termination codon (c.1396C>T; p.Q466X). A missense mutation affecting the 11th transmembrane domain of RFC (c.1250T>C; p.I417T) was found in one case of ALL at diagnosis. In ALL, RFC promoter hypermethylation was found neither at diagnosis nor at relapse and thus is not a common cause of low levels of RFC expression associated with adverse outcome. In DLBCL, genetic and epigenetic alterations of RFC were detected at diagnosis in the absence of a selective MTX pressure, suggesting that these alterations may possibly contribute to the development of lymphoma.
Effects of the mean daily doses of imatinib during the first year on survival of patients with chronic myeloid leukemia in Japan: a study of the Hokkaido Hematology Study Group
Authors: Sugita Junichi , Tanaka Junji , Kurosawa Mitsutoshi , Fukuhara Takashi , Hashino Satoshi , Torimoto Etsuhiro , Koizumi Kazuki , Masauji Nobuo , Nishimura Susumu , Koda Kyuhei , Imamura Masahiro , Kasai Masaharu 
Published: October 2007

AbstractIn this study, we retrospectively analyzed 213 Japanese patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) treated with imatinib mesylate. In 150 evaluable patients, mean daily doses were 400 mg or more in 42 patients, 300–400 mg in 42 patients, 200–300 mg in 44 patients and <200 mg in 22 patients. Complete hematologic response was observed in all the 84 patients treated with mean daily doses of 300 mg or more and complete cytogenetic response was achieved in 94.8% of those patients. In comparison with the effects of 300 mg or more, mean daily doses of 200–300 mg led to less complete cytogenetic response (78.6% vs. 94.8%, P < 0.01), shorter complete cytogenetic remission duration (81.3% vs. 95.6% at 24 months, P = 0.01), and lower overall survival (90.0% vs. 98.8% at 36 months, P = 0.03). This study suggests that the mean daily doses of 300 mg (roughly equivalent to 100,000 mg/yr) or more may improve overall survival and that mean daily doses of imatinib during the first year may be one of the prognostic factors for CML in Japan.