bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The influence of ozone and aerosols on the experimental values of UV erythemal radiation at ground level in Valencia
Authors: Esteve A. R. , Martínez‐Lozano J. A. , Marín M. J. , Estellés V. , Tena F. , Utrillas M. P. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractUltraviolet erythemal radiation (UVER) values have been simulated for different values of column ozone and aerosol optical depth (AOD) using a multiple scattering model: SBDART. The results show that UVER decreased when atmospheric ozone and aerosols increased, with the ozone having greater influence than AOD. To quantify these dependencies the influence of aerosols on the simulated values of UVER has been analysed for different ozone values. This dependence was linear. Similarly, to quantify the influence of ozone on the UVER values this was simulated for fixed values of AOD while varying the column ozone. The expression of this dependence was found to be a second‐order polynomial. We also analysed the dependence of the experimental UVER values on the total column ozone and the AOD at 500 nm. Daily values of UVER were used, normalized with respect to a reference value. It was seen that the modified clearness index, k*tUVER, decreased as the total column ozone increased and also as the 500 nm AOD increased. These linear relationships were obtained and were found to be of the same order for the different intervals of AOD and for those total column ozone intervals for which the greater number of experimental data were available. At the same time, the relations between the modified UVER clearness index and the ozone, as between the modified clearness index and the AOD, showed an annual pattern. Finally, an expression was found to represent the combined dependence of the modified UVER clearness index, k*tUVER, on ozone and aerosols. Copyright © 2009 Royal Meteorological Society
Space sarcomas: Extra compartmental soft tissue tumors of the lower extremities a systematic approach to sarcomas of the femoral triangle, sartorial canal, and popliteal space
Authors: Sternheim Amir , Bickels Jacob , Ben‐Tov Tomer , Malawer Martin M. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractBackgroundExtra‐compartmental soft tissue sarcomas may grow in virtual spaces in close proximity to major neurovascular structures and thus, require a complex resection. We analyzed the general principles by which these resections are planned.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed 53 patients with sarcomas located in the femoral triangle (15), sartorial canal (16), and the popliteal fossa (22). These lesions were grouped into three categories based on involvement of spatial structure; neurovascular involvement = 13, musculofascial involvement = 19 and no involvement = 11.ResultsLimb sparing surgery was feasible in lesions that had either no structural or musculofascial involvement. Amputation, however, was required in 3 of 13 patients with neurovascular involvement because of gross involvement of the surrounding tissues. Overall, limb sparing was feasible in 94% (50 of 53 patients). The 2‐ and 5‐year local recurrence rates were 10% and 14%, respectively. Five‐year survival was 88%.ConclusionsLimb sparing resection of space sarcomas is feasible in the majority of extra‐compartmental sarcomas by utilizing a systematic approach which emphasizes specific planes of resection. J. Surg. Oncol. 2009;99:281–291. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Lymph nodes and gastric cancer
Authors: Coburn Natalie G. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractWorldwide, gastric cancer is one of the top three leading causes of cancer mortality, but incidence and presentation vary geographically. Currently, surgery is the only possible cure. Nodal status is an important prognostic indicator for gastric cancer, and despite results of randomized controlled trials, debate continues over the importance of aggressive lymphadenectomy. J. Surg. Oncol. 2009;99:199–206. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Wide‐bore hydrodynamic chromatography in sub‐second range
Authors: Umehara Ryoji , Harada Makoto , Okada Tetsuo 
Published: January 2009

AbstractWide‐bore hydrodynamic chromatography (HDC) is a very simple method based on the passage of analytes through an open capillary. As shown in previous papers, an analyte, which diffuses over the entire cross‐section of a capillary before it is detected, gives a Gaussian‐shaped peak; such an analyte is called diffusive. In contrast, an analyte with poor diffusivity gives an asymmetrical peak with the apex at the half time of the peak of a diffusive analyte. Their diffusivity is determined by the diffusion coefficients, dimensions of a capillary, and a flow rate. A consideration of the diffusivity evaluated on the basis of these variables allows us to realize fast wide‐bore HDC separation. Sub‐second separation is demonstrated using test analytes, such as fluorescein and polystyrene latexes.
Polymer‐based monolithic columns in capillary format tailored by using controlled in situ polymerization
Authors: Aoki Hiroshi , Tanaka Nobuo , Kubo Takuya , Hosoya Ken 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThis review introduces to the readers our new perspectives of polymer‐based monolithic column with a high performance for small solutes such as drug candidates, illustrating the fabrication of LC columns in capillary. First, we briefly reviewed the status quo of polymer‐based monolithic columns, comparing with silica monoliths. The miniaturization of LC system with higher throughput (shorter analytical time) was stressed conceptually, along with a fine permeable bicontinuous monolithic structure with submicron domain size (skeletal thickness + pore size) for higher performance. Second, from these perspectives, our column preparation was described, while our specially designed porogenic solvents were introduced as a controller of the monolithic morphology via reaction‐induced phase separation. Specifically, monolithic columns were exemplified in two polymer formats, that is, one monolith prepared by free radical polymerization of glycerin 1,3‐dimethacrylate, GDMA, and the other prepared by stepwise polymerization of newly introduced multifunctional epoxy and diamino monomers. Both monolithic columns in capillary format demonstrated a fine bicontinuous structure, affording a good compatibility of the efficiency (H) and permeability (D). Especially, the epoxy‐based column showed an excellent separation impedance, E (=H2/D). Our micro‐HPLC data were discussed along with a prototyped wired chip device.
Cyclodextrin‐modified MEKC for enantioseparation of hexaconazole, penconazole, and myclobutanil
Authors: Wan Ibrahim Wan Aini , Hermawan Dadan , Sanagi M. Marsin , Aboul‐Enein Hassan Y. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractA CD‐modified micellar EKC (CD‐MEKC) method with 2‐hydroxypropyl‐γ‐CD (HP‐γ‐CD) as chiral selector for the enantioseparation of three chiral triazole fungicides, namely hexaconazole, penconazole, and myclobutanil, is reported for the first time. Simultaneous enantioseparation of the three triazole fungicides was successfully achieved using a CD‐MEKC system containing 40 mM HP‐γ‐CD and 50 mM SDS in 25 mM phosphate buffer (pH 3.0) solution with resolutions (Rs) greater than 1.60, peak efficiencies (N) greater than 200 000 for all enantiomers and an analysis time within 15 min compared to 36 min as previously reported using sulfated‐β‐CD.
Separation of small molecular peptides with same amino acid composition but different sequences by capillary electrophoresis
Authors: Wu Yue , Xie Jun , Wang Fang , Chen Zilin 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe development of new analytical techniques for identifying endogenous peptides in a cell, organ, or organism (the peptidome) is an important work in the fields of peptidomics and proteomics. MS is currently employed as a powerful analytical technique in peptidomics. However, it has a limitation in the identification of peptides with the same amino acid composition but different sequences, as these peptides have the same molecular weights, and generate the same MS spectrum of molecular ions, when MS is used as the detection technique. Therefore, the development of peptide separation techniques like CE and LC coupled with MS is desirable. In this paper, a methodology for the separation of peptides with the same amino acid composition, but different sequences, by CE has been developed using two tripeptides, Gly‐Ser‐Phe and Gly‐Phe‐Ser, as a model sample. Excellent separation selectivity was achieved using the separation mode of MEKC. Separation behavior under different conditions and mechanism is discussed.
Separation of complex mixtures of fluorobenzoic acids by capillary electrophoresis
Authors: Isemura Tsuguhide , Kitagawa Fumihiko , Otsuka Koji 
Published: January 2009

AbstractFluorobenzoic acids are important intermediates in the synthesis of antibacterial drugs. Conditions for the separation of mixtures of twenty‐five acids by CE have been optimized. A set of conditions with phosphate buffer (pH 3.1), successive multiple ionic‐polymer layer (SMIL) coating capillary, and negative separation voltage provided a short time separation based on the difference in the acidic dissociation constant (pKa) of the sample acids. Addition of ACN to the separation solution improved the selectivity resulting in a broader distribution of migration times of the samples. The addition of tetradecyltrimethylammonium chloride below the CMC was also effective in changing the migration pattern of fluorobenzoic acids. Furthermore, practical utility was demonstrated through quantitative studies on the optimized condition including the durability of the SMIL coating.
Predictability of cochlear implant outcome in families
Authors: Lalwani Anil K. , Budenz Cameron L. , Weisstuch Adam S. , Babb James , Roland J. Thomas , Waltzman Susan B. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractObjectives:The purpose of this study is to determine if the performance of the first implanted member of a family predicts the performance of subsequently implanted family members.Study Design:Retrospective chart review.Methods:Seventy‐one cochlear implant recipients, each belonging to a family with two or more implanted members, were the subjects of this study. Routine audiometric measurements and age‐appropriate speech perception tests were performed pre‐ and postoperatively. In addition, length of deafness, age at implantation, etiology, and length of device usage were correlated to outcome.Results:All implant recipients within a family showed improvement postimplantation, and the predictive component between family members was strong. Presence of GJB2 mutations and greater age at implantation were predictive of poorer rehabilitative outcome, while length of device usage was associated with improved speech perception scores.Conclusions:On average, if the first implanted family member performs well with a cochlear implant, those following will do well; however, GJB2‐related deafness and increased age at implantation are associated with poorer outcome. These findings have important implications for members of families considering cochlear implantation. Laryngoscope, 119:131–136, 2009
Validation of a laryngeal dissection module for phonomicrosurgical training
Authors: Contag Stephanie P. , Klein Adam M. , Blount Angela C. , Johns Michael M. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractObjectives:To validate the use of a new phonomicrosurgical trainer called the laryngeal dissection module.Study Design:The module used synthetic, multilayered vocal folds inside a model larynx mounted on a platform, a microscope, and microsurgical instruments. The study was designed to test the module's ability to differentiate novices from expert surgeons and to test the module's ability to improve novice performance with training.Methods:Expert (n = 5) and novice (n = 21) phonomicrosurgeons were instructed to remove a superficial ovoid lesion from a synthetic, right vocal fold. The task was assessed for total errors, total operating time, and injury to the superficial peripheral tissue, the lesion, and the deep tissue. Novice and expert performance was compared using an independent samples t test and a Fisher exact test. Subsequently, novices completed three practice trials and a posttraining trial, which was assessed for improvement compared with pretraining performance using a Wilcoxon signed rank test.Results:Experts completed the task with fewer total errors than novices (P < .001) and made fewer injuries to the oval lesion (P = .01). Novices improved performance with training, making fewer total errors in the posttraining trial (P = .003), reducing injury to the superficial peripheral tissue (P = .02), and taking less time to complete the task (P = .04).Conclusions:The laryngeal dissection module was validated as a surgical trainer. It was able to differentiate expert versus novice performance, and it improved novice performance through training. Laryngoscope, 119:211–215, 2009
The health and resource utilization of Canadians with chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Macdonald Kristian I. , McNally J. Dayre , Massoud Emad 
Published: January 2009

AbstractObjectives:To determine the impact of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) on the physical and mental health and health‐resource utilization of Canadians.Study Design:Cross‐sectional.Methods:Data from the detailed health portion of cycle 3 (1998–1999) of the National Population Health Survey (NPHS), which involved 17,000 Canadians, were used to evaluate Canadians with self‐reported CRS.Results:NPHS data confirmed lower mental and physical health, with CRS sufferers being almost three times more likely to report their health as poor (4.6% vs. 1.7%). Health Utility Index data identified a significant decline in the mental health of patients with CRS, which was associated with more depression (8.4% vs. 4.1%), more antidepressant use (9.1% vs. 4.6%), and more visits to mental‐health professionals (11.8% vs. 7.0%).Conclusions:CRS significantly affects both physical and mental health. The mental impact of CRS remains largely unrecognized and should be of greater focus during patient care and in further research. Laryngoscope, 119:184–189, 2009
Susac's syndrome: Intratympanic therapy for hearing loss and a review of the literature
Authors: Crawley Brianna K. , Close Abby , Canto Cecilia , Harris Jeffrey P. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractTwo cases of Susac's Syndrome are presented with a discussion of treatment modalities for the associated severe sensorineural deafness. Patients were managed with high dose oral steroids, anticoagulants and immunosuppressive drugs. The addition of intratympanic methylprednisolone injections were added to one patient's regimen with initial improvement but subsequent relapse and progression to profound deafness. The management of Susac's syndrome is difficult and still in need of innovative methods as the standard treatment continues to be ineffective in the long term. Laryngoscope, 119:141–144, 2009
Lingual abscess from a grill cleaning brush bristle
Authors: Boon Maurits , Pribitkin Edmund , Spiegel Joseph , Nazarian Levon , Herbison Gerald J. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractObjectives:1) Describe the clinical presentation of a lingual abscess secondary to a foreign body. 2) Discuss the workup of glossopharyngeal neuralgia (GN). 3) Review existing literature.Methods:Illustrative case report and literature review generated by PubMed citation search.Results:This is a report of a patient who presented with severe tongue and ear pain, initially diagnosed with glossopharyngeal neuralgia. He subsequently returned with acute neck swelling, altered mental status, and rapidly progressive airway edema. After securing his airway, radiographic imaging confirmed a lingual abscess with a linear foreign body. He was taken emergently to the operating room for neck exploration with incision and drainage of the abscess. Despite inability to locate the foreign body, he had complete resolution of the abscess and airway edema. Subsequent CT scanning confirms the continued presence of the foreign body consistent with a grill cleaning brush bristle.Discussion:Lingual abscesses are extremely uncommon. Diagnosis may be difficult and as a consequence, when they occur, they may result in airway compromise or sepsis. Major textbooks often omit description of this entity, which has been associated with oral trauma and with retained foreign bodies such as fish bones. This is the first case report of a near fatal lingual abscess due to a bristle from a grill cleaning brush.Conclusions:To date, there has been no published literature describing the development of a lingual abscess secondary to a bristle from a grill cleaning brush. We describe the presentation and management of this condition and how it may mimic glossopharyngeal neuralgia. Laryngoscope, 119:79–81, 2009
Light therapy and supplementary riboflavin in the SOD1 transgenic mouse model of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (FALS)
Authors: Moges Helina , Vasconcelos Olavo M. , Campbell William W. , Borke Rosemary C. , McCoy Jennifer Anne , Kaczmarczyk Lauren , Feng Ji , Anders Juanita J. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveFamilial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (FALS) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive loss of motor neurons and death. Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress play an important role in motor neuron loss in ALS. Light therapy (LT) has biomodulatory effects on mitochondria. Riboflavin improves energy efficiency in mitochondria and reduces oxidative injury. The purpose of this study was to examine the synergistic effect of LT and riboflavin on the survival of motor neurons in a mouse model of FALS.Study Design/Materials and MethodsG93A SOD1 transgenic mice were divided into four groups: Control, Riboflavin, Light, and Riboflavin+Light (combination). Mice were treated from 51 days of age until death. A single set of LT parameters was used: 810 nm diode laser, 140‐mW output power, 1.4 cm2 spot area, 120 seconds treatment duration, and 12 J/cm2 energy density. Behavioral tests and weight monitoring were done weekly. At end stage of the disease, mice were euthanized, survival data was collected and immunohistochemistry and motor neuron counts were performed.ResultsThere was no difference in survival between groups. Motor function was not significantly improved with the exception of the rotarod test which showed significant improvement in the Light group in the early stage of the disease. Immunohistochemical expression of the astrocyte marker, glial fibrilary acidic protein, was significantly reduced in the cervical and lumbar enlargements of the spinal cord as a result of LT. There was no difference in the number of motor neurons in the anterior horn of the lumbar enlargement between groups.ConclusionsThe lack of significant improvement in survival and motor performance indicates study interventions were ineffective in altering disease progression in the G93A SOD1 mice. Our findings have potential implications for the conceptual use of light to treat other neurodegenerative diseases that have been linked to mitochondrial dysfunction. Lasers Surg. Med. 41:52–59, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nd:YAG laser in caries prevention: A clinical trial
Authors: Zezell Denise Maria , Boari Heloisa Gomes D. , Ana Patricia Aparecida , Eduardo Carlos de Paula , Powell Glen Lynn 
Published: January 2009

AbstractBackground and ObjectiveIt is widely known that Nd:YAG can increase enamel resistance to demineralization; however, there are no studies that report the application of Nd:YAG associated with topical application of fluoride in vivo. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the Nd:YAG laser, when associated with the topical application of acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF), for preventing enamel demineralization in vivo.Materials and MethodsA double‐blind crossover experimental design was used, in which 121 teeth of 33 volunteers were selected. In all volunteers, the right side teeth were selected for Nd:YAG laser+APF application (lased group) and the left side teeth were kept as control group (only APF application). Nd:YAG laser was applied at 60 mJ/pulse, at a repetition rate of 10 Hz and fluence of 84.9 J/cm2; after that, topical APF was applied for 4 minutes. Recalls were made after 1 year in order to evaluate the formation of white‐spot lesions or caries cavities.ResultsAfter 1 year, this in vivo experiment showed a reduction of 39.2% in caries incidence in lased group when compared with the control. The number of white‐spots or caries cavities decreased significantly (P = 0.0043) in the Nd:YAG laser group; the formation of white‐spots was significantly less (P = 0.0031) when compared with the number of lesions in the control group.ConclusionCombined Nd:YAG laser and topical fluoride treatment was effective for reducing the incidence of caries in vivo. Lasers Surg. Med. 41:31–35, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Manufacture of wire from platinum/metal oxide composites
Authors: Eckardt T. , Manhardt H. , Lupton D. F. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractIn order to enhance high‐temperature mechanical properties of platinum a dispersed particle hardening was developed by W. C. Heraeus, Hanau. A suitable compound impeding grain growth and migration of dislocations is zirconia. There are indications that significantly increased amounts of oxides might also stabilise erosion resistance of spark plug electrodes while reducing the percentage of cost‐intensive precious metal. Two different process technologies of manufacturing platinum/metal oxide composites are presented and compared: 1) melting and subsequent oxidation and 2) mixing of metal and oxide powders followed by extrusion. In both cases wires with typical diameters of 0.8 to 0.6 mm are fabricated. Samples with approx. 6 vol.‐% of zirconia dispersed in a platinum matrix were successfully tested under real life conditions in a combustion engine.
Untersuchung des Erosionsverhaltens von silberbasierten Kontaktwerkstoffen mittels FIB‐Techniken
Authors: Selzner C. , Jeanvoine N. , Velichko A. , Mücklich F. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractFür das Verständnis der Schädigungsmechanismen von Kontaktwerkstoffen und die Entwicklung neuartiger Materialien ist die korrekte Darstellung und Analyse der Gefügesituation von essentieller Bedeutung. Dieses Verständnis erreicht man durch Untersuchung der Mikrostrukturveränderungen auf und unter der Oberfläche, die durch einen Lichtbogen verursacht wurden. In dieser Arbeit wird sowohl das Erosionsverhalten von reinem Silber und Silber‐Metalloxid‐Kompositen, als auch die Charakterisierung in zwei und drei Dimensionen besprochen. Einzelschaltungen unter Gleichstrombedingungen wurden durchgeführt und analysiert. Die Kratertopographie wurde mit Hilfe eines Weißlichtinterferometers vermessen und das bewegte Volumen berechnet. Mit Hilfe der Dual‐Beam Techniken wurden die Schaltkrater ober‐ und unterhalb der Oberfläche untersucht, sowie dreidimensional rekonstruiert.
Abscheidung und Werkstoffaufbau galvanischer Dispersionsschichten
Authors: Lampke Th. , Zacher M. , Dietrich D. , Wielage B. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractDie Abscheidung von galvanischen Nickelschichten mit inkorporierten keramischen Nanopartikel, TiO2 und Al2O3, erfolgte mit Hilfe von Ultraschall während der galvanischen Beschichtung. Der Ultraschall gewährleistet eine ständige Desagglomerierung der Nanopartikel im Elektrolyten, wodurch ein homogener und feindisperser Partikeleinbau in die Nickelschichten möglich ist. Untersucht wurden das Einbauverhalten der nanoskaligen Partikel in galvanische Nickelschichten, die Veränderungen in der Schichtstruktur und der Kristallite im Vergleich zu konventionell abgeschiedenen Nickelschichten mittels REM, EDX, EBSD und XRD.