bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Childhood leukemia and magnetic fields in Japan: A case‐control study of childhood leukemia and residential power‐frequency magnetic fields in Japan
Authors: Kabuto Michinori , Nitta Hiroshi , Yamamoto Seiichiro , Yamaguchi Naohito , Akiba Suminori , Honda Yasushi , Hagihara Jun , Isaka Katsuo , Saito Tomohiro , Ojima Toshiyuki , Nakamura Yosikazu , Mizoue Tetsuya , Ito Satoko , Eboshida Akira , Yamazaki Shin , Sokejima Shigeru , Kurokawa Yoshika , Kubo Osami 
Published: February 2006

AbstractResidential power‐frequency magnetic fields (MFs) were labeled as a possible human carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer panel. In response to great public concern, the World Health Organization urged that further epidemiologic studies be conducted in high‐exposure areas such as Japan. We conducted a population‐based case‐control study, which covered areas inhabited by 54% of Japanese children. We analyzed 312 case children (0–15 years old) newly diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) or acute myelocytic leukemia (AML) in 1999–2001 (2.3 years) and 603 controls matched for gender, age and residential area. Weekly mean MF level was determined for the child's bedroom. MF measurements in each set of a case and controls were carried out as closely in time as possible to control for seasonal variation. We evaluated the association using conditional logistic regression models. The odds ratios for children whose bedrooms had MF levels of 0.4 μT or higher compared with the reference category (MF levels below 0.1 μT) was 2.6 (95% CI = 0.76–8.6) for AML + ALL and 4.7 (1.15–19.0) for ALL only. Controlling for some possible confounding factors did not alter the results appreciably. Even an analysis in which selection bias was maximized did not fully explain the association. Most of the leukemia cases in the highest exposure category had MF levels far above 0.4 μT. Our results provided additional evidence that high MF exposure was associated with a higher risk of childhood leukemia, particularly of ALL. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Trends in laryngeal cancer mortality in Europe
Authors: Bosetti Cristina , Garavello Werner , Levi Fabio , Lucchini Franca , Negri Eva , LaVecchia Carlo 
Published: February 2006

AbstractAfter a steady increase since the 1950s, laryngeal cancer mortality had tended to level off since the early 1980s in men from most European countries. To update trends in laryngeal cancer mortality in Europe, age‐standardized (world standard) mortality rates per 100,000 were derived from the WHO mortality database for 33 European countries over the period 1980–2001. Jointpoint analysis was used to identify significant changes in mortality rates. In the European Union (EU) as a whole, male mortality declined by 0.8% per year between 1980 and 1989, by 2.8% between 1989 and 1995, by 5.3% between 1995 and 1998, and by 1.5% thereafter (rates were 5.1/100,000 in 1980–1981 and 3.3/100,000 in 2000–2001). This mainly reflects a decrease in rates in men from western and southern European countries, which had exceedingly high rates in the past. Male laryngeal mortality rose up to the early 1990s, and leveled off thereafter in several countries from central and eastern Europe. In 2000–2001 there was still a 10–15‐fold variation in male laryngeal mortality between the highest rates in Croatia (7.9/100,000) and Hungary (7.7/100,000) and the lowest ones in Sweden (0.5/100,000) and Finland (0.8/100,000). Laryngeal cancer mortality was comparatively low in women from most European countries, with stable rates around 0.3/100,000 in the EU as a whole over the last 2 decades. Laryngeal cancer trends should be interpreted in terms of patterns and changes in exposure to alcohol and tobacco. Despite recent declines, the persistence of a wide variability in male laryngeal cancer mortality indicates that there is still ample scope for prevention of laryngeal cancer in Europe. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Human papillomavirus serology and the risk of esophageal and gastric cancers: Results from a cohort in a high‐risk region in China
Authors: Kamangar Farin , Qiao You‐Lin , Schiller John T. , Dawsey Sanford M. , Fears Thomas , Sun Xui‐Di , Abnet Christian C. , Zhao Ping , Taylor Philip R. , Mark Steven D. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractEach year, esophageal and gastric cancers cause more than 900,000 deaths worldwide. Human papilloma virus (HPV), especially type 16, has been suggested to have a role in the etiology of esophageal cancer, however, the results of previous seroepidemiological studies have not been consistent. We conducted a large prospective study to examine the association between serum antibodies to HPV 16, HPV 18 and HPV 73 and subsequent development of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), gastric cardia adenocarcinoma (GCA), and gastric noncardia adenocarcinoma (GNCA) in a high‐risk population for these cancers in Linxian, China. Case and control subjects for this study were selected from the 29,584 participants of the Linxian General Population Trial. Prediagnostic serum samples from 99 cases of ESCC, 100 cases of GCA, 70 cases of GNCA, and 381 age‐ and sex‐ matched controls were selected for this study. The presence of antibodies to HPV virus‐like particles was determined by type‐specific enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays. Fewer than 15% of ESCC, GCA, or GNCA cases were positive for each HPV type, and no significant associations were found. The adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for HPV 16 seropositivity and ESCC, GCA, and GNCA risk were 1.6 (0.8–3.3), 1.3 (0.6–2.8) and 0.4 (0.1–1.6), respectively. The comparable ORs (95% CIs) for HPV 18 were 1.0 (0.4–2.2), 0.9 (0.4–2.1) and 1.5 (0.6–3.4). For HPV 73, these figures were 1.3 (0.6–2.5), 1.2 (0.6–2.3) and 0.9 (0.4–2.1). The results of this study do not support a major role for HPV 16, HPV 18 and HPV 73 in the etiology of esophageal and gastric cancers in Linxian, China. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of NSAIDs on the recurrence of nonmelanoma skin cancer
Authors: Grau Maria V. , Baron John A. , Langholz Bryan , Karagas Margaret , Greenberg E. Robert , Stukel Therese A. , Mandel Jack S. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractExperimental studies have consistently shown a protective effect of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) against nonmelanoma skin cancers (NMSC). However, little human epidemiological research has been done in this regard. We used data from the Skin Cancer Chemoprevention Study to explore the association of NSAID use and with the risk of basal‐cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous‐cell carcinoma (SCC). 1,805 subjects with a recent history of NMSC were randomized to placebo or 50 mg of daily β‐carotene. Participants were asked about their use of over‐the‐counter and prescription medications at baseline and every 4 months during the trial. Skin follow‐up examinations were scheduled annually with a study dermatologist; confirmed lesions were the endpoints in the study. We used a risk set approach to the analysis of grouped times survival data and unconditional logistic regression to compute odds ratios [ORs] for various exposures to NSAIDs. The use of NSAIDs was reported in over 50% of questionnaires. For BCC, NSAIDs exhibited a weak protective effect in crude analyses, which attenuated markedly after adjustment. For SCC, the use of NSAIDs in the year previous to diagnosis reduced the odds by almost 30% (adjusted OR= 0.71, 95% CI 0.48–1.04). When we accounted for frequency of use, results for BCC were not striking, and there were inconsistent suggestions of an inverse association with SCC. There were some indications of a modest, nonsignificant reduction on the number of BCCs and SCCs with NSAID use. Our data suggest a weak and inconsistent chemopreventive effect of NSAIDs on BCC and SCC. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cofactors associated with liver disease mortality in an HBsAg‐positive Mediterranean cohort: 20 years of follow‐up
Authors: Ribes Josepa , Clèries Ramon , Rubió Antoni , Hernández Josep Manel , Mazzara Roberto , Madoz Pedro , Casanovas Teresa , Casanova Aurora , Gallen Manel , Rodríguez Carmen , Moreno Victor , Bosch F. Xavier 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThe risk of developing liver cancer in hepatitis B virus (HBV) carriers differs across geographical areas, suggesting that exposure to other risk factors may contribute to HBV‐linked cancer risk. Our study estimates the mortality due to liver disease and the role of other risk factors in a Spanish HBV cohort. 2,352 hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)‐positive and 15,504 HBsAg‐negative subjects were identified among blood donors during 1972–1985 and were followed until December 2000 through the Mortality Registry. Clinical examination and an epidemiological questionnaire were performed on 1,000 HBsAg‐positive survivors during 1994–1996. In subjects deceased from liver disease, medical records were revised and relatives were interviewed. A nested case‐control analysis was conducted comparing both groups. In HBsAg‐positive men, an excess mortality from liver cancer [standardized mortality ratio (SMR): 14.1; 7.7–23.6], cirrhosis (SMR: 10.5; 7.0–15.1), haematological neoplasms (SMR: 3.2; 1.2–6.9) and AIDS was detected (SMR: 5.5; 2.2–11.4). In women, an excess was found for cirrhosis (SMR: 7.2; 1.4–21.1). Progression factors to liver disease were alcohol intake [odds ratio (OR): 6.3; 3.1–12.8], diabetes (OR: 3.6; 1.3–9.6), HBV replication (OR: 50.0; 14.9–167.3) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection (OR: 27.4; 7.1–107.7). In conclusion, in Spain after 20 years of follow‐up, chronic HBV exposure appears as a major risk factor for liver cancer among men and for cirrhosis in both sexes. The risk of death from liver disease among HBV carriers with the presence of HBV replication, HCV, alcohol consumption and diabetes was significantly increased and suggests synergism among these exposures and HBV. Mortality from haematological neoplasms was detected and could be associated to HIV coinfection. These results support screening and adequate follow‐up among HBsAg‐positive subjects at high risk to develop liver disease, particularly when these risk cofactors are present. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The nurse–family partnership: An evidence‐based preventive intervention
Authors: Olds David L. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractPregnancy and the early years of the child's life offer an opportune time to prevent a host of adverse maternal, child, and family outcomes that are important in their own right, but that also reflect biological, behavioral, and social substrates in the child and family that affect family formation and future life trajectories. This article summarizes a 27‐year program of research that has attempted to improve early maternal and child health and future life options with prenatal and infancy home visiting by nurses. The program is designed for low‐income mothers who have had no previous live births. The home‐visiting nurses have three major goals: to improve the outcomes of pregnancy by helping women improve their prenatal health, to improve the child's health and development by helping parents provide more sensitive and competent care of the child, and to improve parental life course by helping parents plan future pregnancies, complete their education, and find work. The program has been tested in three separate large‐scale, randomized controlled trials with different populations living in different contexts. Results from these trials indicate that the program has been successful in achieving two of its most important goals: (a) the improvement of parental care of the child as reflected in fewer injuries and ingestions that may be associated with child abuse and neglect and better infant emotional and language development; and (b) the improvement of maternal life course, reflected in fewer subsequent pregnancies, greater work‐force participation, and reduced dependence on public assistance and food stamps. The impact on pregnancy outcomes is equivocal. In the first trial, the program also produced long‐term effects on the number of arrests, convictions, emergent substance use, and promiscuous sexual activity of 15‐year‐old children whose nurse‐visited mothers were low‐income and unmarried when they registered in the study during pregnancy. In general, the impact of the program was greater on those segments of the population at greater risk for the particular outcome domain under examination. Since 1996, the program has been offered for public investment outside of research contexts. Careful attention has been given to ensuring that organizational and community contexts are favorable for development of the program, to providing excellent training and guidance to the nurses in their use of the program's visit‐by‐visit guidelines, to monitoring the functioning of the program with a comprehensive clinical information system, and to improving the performance of the programs over time with continuous improvement strategies.
Nurse home visiting: Perspectives from nurses
Authors: Zeanah Paula D. , Larrieu Julie A. , Boris Neil W. , Nagle Geoffrey A. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractNurses working in the Nurse Family Partnership (NFP) program provide intensive home‐visitation services for first‐time, low‐income mothers. The goals are to improve maternal health outcomes, child health and development outcomes, and to enhance maternal life‐course development; however, many of the families face significant psychosocial and mental health issues that can impede progress achieving their goals. Because of the importance of the nurse–client relationship in achieving positive outcomes, these non‐mental‐health nurses must shift their approaches and techniques from a medical to a psychosocial model. In this article, we examine the role of the nurse in the NFP and present results of focus groups with experienced NFP nurses regarding their perspectives, challenges, and rewards in conducting this work.
Assessing mediated models of family change in response to infant home visiting: A two‐phase longitudinal analysis
Authors: Lyons‐Ruth Karlen , Easterbrooks M. Ann 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThe objective of this study was to assess whether a mediated model of change could account for the long‐term effects of infant home‐visiting services observed at ages 5 and 7 years in a high‐risk cohort. Participants were 41 mothers and infants from low‐income families who were referred to parent–infant home‐visiting services during the first 9 months of life due to concerns about the caretaking environment. Services ended when infants reached 18 months of age. Families received between 0 and 18 of weekly home visits based on infant age of entry into the study. During childhood (ages 5 and 7 years), teachers rated children's behavior problems using standardized instruments. Early home‐visiting services accounted for positive child outcomes at 18 months, 5 years, and 7 years of age; however, earlier positive outcomes related to intervention did not account for intervention‐related effects at later ages. Further inspection of the data revealed that two additional principles, one of escalating morbidity among less intensively served groups and one of generalized family problem‐solving skills, were needed to account for the pattern of effects over time. We conclude that the “domino models” assessed by mediational analyses may be too simple to capture the intervention‐related change processes occurring in high‐risk cohorts over time.
A prevention and promotion intervention program in the field of mother–infant relationship
Authors: Ammaniti Massimo , Speranza Anna Maria , Tambelli Renata , Muscetta Sergio , Lucarelli Loredana , Vismara Laura , Odorisio Flaminia , Cimino Silvia 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThe purpose of the study was to analyze the efficacy of early home‐visiting intervention in enhancing the quality of mother–infant interaction in psychosocial risk and depressive risk mother–infant dyads. Thirty depressive risk, 28 psychosocial risk, and 33 low‐depressed and low‐risk mothers were randomly distributed between the Home Visiting Program and control groups. Attachment (Adult Attachment Interview; Main & Goldwyn, 1997) and maternal representations during pregnancy (Interview of Maternal Representations During Pregnancy; Ammaniti, Candelori, Pola, & Tambelli, 1999) and after the birth of the infant (Interview of Maternal Representations After the Birth; Ammaniti et al., 1999) were evaluated as well as depressive symptoms (Center for Epidemiological Studies‐Depression Scale; Radloff, 1977) during the first year. Ratings of sensitivity, interference, affective state of the mother, cooperation, and infant self‐regulation during mother–infant interactions were assessed at 3, 6, and 12 months. Results showed the efficacy of the home‐visiting program in improving sensitive maternal behaviors toward the child after 6 months of intervention.
Effects of degradation and porosity on the load bearing properties of model hydroxyapatite bone scaffolds
Authors: Dellinger Jennifer G. , Wojtowicz Abigail M. , Jamison Russell D. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractDegradation of three types of model hydroxyapatite (HA) scaffolds was studied after in vitro degradation in a sodium acetate buffer (pH 4). Degradation was evaluated using compression testing, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), inductively coupled plasma (ICP) analysis, and weight measurements. Scaffolds were fabricated with a solid freeform fabrication (SFF) technique based on the robotic deposition of colloidal pastes. Scaffolds had a macrostructure resembling a lattice of rods. Scaffolds contained either macropores (270 or 680 μm in the x–y direction and 280 μm in the z‐direction) and micropores (1–30‐μm pores and pores <1 μm) or only macropores pores (270 μm in the x–y direction and 280 μm in the z‐direction). A computer‐aided design (CAD) program controlled the size and distribution of macropores; micropores were created by polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) microsphere porogens (1–30‐μm pore diameter) and controlled sintering (pores <1 μm). Percent weight loss of the scaffolds and calcium and phosphorus ion concentrations in solution increased as the degradation period increased for all scaffold types. After degradation, compressive strength and compressive modulus decreased significantly for those scaffolds with microporosity. For scaffolds without microporosity, the changes in strength and modulus after degradation were not statistically significant. The compressive strength of scaffolds without microporosity was significantly greater than the scaffolds with microporosity. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2006
Dissociation of arsenite‐peptide complexes: Triphasic nature, rate constants, half‐lives, and biological importance
Authors: Kitchin Kirk T. , Wallace Kathleen 
Published: February 2006

AbstractWe determined the number and the dissociation rate constants of different complexes formed from arsenite and two peptides containing either one (RVCAVGNDYASGYHYGV for peptide 20) or three cysteines (LECAWQGK CVEGTEHLYSMKCK for peptide 10) via radioactive 73As‐labeled arsenite and vacuum filtration methodology. Nonlinear regression analysis of the dissociation of both arsenite‐peptide complexes showed that triphasic fits gave excellent r2 values (0.9859 for peptide 20 and 0.9890 for peptide 10). The first phase of arsenite‐peptide dissociation had the largest span (decrease in binding), and the rate was too fast to be measured using vacuum filtration methods. The dissociation rate constants of arsenite‐peptide complexes for the second phase were 0.35 and 0.54 min−1 and for the third phase were 0.0071 and 0.0045 min−1 for peptides 20 and 10, respectively. For peptide 20, the three spans of triphasic decay were 85%, 9%, and 7% of the total binding of 16.1 nmolsol;mg protein. For peptide 10, which can bind in both an intermolecular and intramolecular manner, the three spans of triphasic decay were 59%, 16%, and 25% of the total binding of 43.7 nmolsol;mg protein. Binding of trivalent arsenicals to peptides and proteins can alter their structure and function and contribute to adverse health outcomes such as toxicity and carcinogenicity. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. *This article is a U.S. Government work and, as such, is in the public domain of the United States of America.
J Biochem Mol Toxicol 20:48–56, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/jbt.20108
Glutathione‐enhancing agents protect against steatohepatitis in a dietary model
Authors: Oz Helieh S. , Im Hee‐Jeong , Chen Theresa S. , de Villiers Willem J. S. , McClain Craig J. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractNonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) and steatohepatitis (NASH) may accompany obesity, diabetes, parenteral nutrition, jejeuno‐ileal bypass, and chronic inflammatory bowel disease. Currently there is no FDA approved and effective therapy available. We investigated the potential efficacy of those agents that stimulate glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis on the development of experimental steatohepatitis. Rats fed (ad libitum) amino acid based methionine‐choline deficient (MCD) diet were further gavaged with (1) vehicle (MCD), (2)S‐adenosylmethionine (SAMe), or (3) 2(RS)‐n‐propylthiazolidine‐4(R)‐carboxylic acid (PTCA). Results: MCD diet significantly reduced hematocrit, and this abnormality improved in the treated groups (p< 0.01). Serum transaminases were considerably elevated (AST: 5.8‐fold; ALT: 3.22‐fold) in MCD rats. However, administration of GSH‐enhancing agents significantly suppressed these abnormal enzyme activities. MCD rats developed severe liver pathology manifested by fatty degeneration, inflammation, and necrosis, which significantly improved with therapy. Blood levels of GSH were significantly depleted in MCD rats but normalized in the treated groups. Finally, RT‐PCR measurements showed a significant upregulation of genes involved in tissue remodeling and fibrosis (matrix metalloproteinases, collagen‐α1), suppressor of cytokines signaling1, and the inflammatory cytokines (IL‐1β, IL‐6, TNF‐α, and TGF‐β) in the livers of rats fed MCD. GSH‐enhancing therapies significantly attenuated the expression of deleterious proinflammatory and fibrogenic genes in this dietary model. This is the first report that oral administration of SAMe and PTCA provide protection against liver injury in this model and suggests therapeutic applications of these compounds in NASH patients. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 20:39–47, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/jbt.20109