bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Robot-assisted pedicle screw insertion versus navigation-based and freehand techniques for posterior spinal fusion in scoliosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Al-Naseem Abdulrahman O. , Al-Muhannadi Abdullah , Ramadhan Mohammad , Alfadhli Alwaleed , Marwan Yousef , Shafafy Roozbeh , Abd-El-Barr Muhammad M. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Purpose
The role of robotics in spine surgery remains controversial, especially for scoliosis correction surgery. This study aims to assess the safety and efficacy of robotic-assisted (RA) surgery specifically for scoliosis surgery by comparing RA to both navigation systems (NS) and conventional freehand techniques (CF).

Methods
As per the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, a systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted via an electronic search of the following databases: MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL). All papers comparing RA to either NS or CF for posterior spinal fusion in scoliosis were included. Fixed and random effects models of analysis were utilised based on analysis heterogeneity.

Results
10 observational studies were included in total. RA had significantly greater odds of accurate pedicle screw placement relative to both NS (OR = 2.02, CI = 1.52–2.67, p < 0.00001) and CF (OR = 3.06, CI = 1.79–5.23, p < 0.00001). The downside of RA was the significantly greater operation duration relative to NS (MD = 10.74, CI = 3.52–17.97, p = 0.004) and CF (MD = 40.27, CI = 20.90, p < 0.0001). Perioperative outcomes including estimated blood loss, radiation exposure, length of hospital stay, cobb angle correction rate, postoperative SRS score, VAS pain score, JOA score, as well as rates of neurological injury and revision surgery, were comparable between the groups (p > 0.05).

Conclusion
RA offers significantly greater pedicle screw placement accuracy relative to NS and CF, however, surgery can take longer. In terms of perioperative outcomes, all three techniques are comparable.
The FDA Reclassification of Cervical Pedicle and Lateral Mass Screws: A Case Study in Regulatory History
Authors: Sussman Jonathan H. , Albayar Ahmed , Saylany Anissa , Budihal Bhargavi R. , Romeo Dominic , Xu Jason , Rosenow Joshua , Heary Robert F. , Welch William C. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe classification of medical devices by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) involves rigorous scrutiny from specialized panels that designate devices as Class I, II, or III depending on their levels of relative risk to patient health. Posterior rigid pedicle screw systems were first classified by the FDA in 1984 and have since revolutionized the treatment of many spine pathologies. Despite this early classification by the FDA, posterior cervical pedicle and lateral mass screws were not reclassified from unclassified to Class III and then to Class II until 2019, nearly 35 years after their initial classification. This reclassification process involved a decades-long interplay between the FDA, formal panels, manufacturers, academic leaders, practicing physicians, and patients. It was delayed by lawsuits and a paucity of data demonstrating the ability to improve outcomes for cervical spinal pathologies. The off-label use of thoracolumbar pedicle screw rigid fixation systems by early adopters assisted manufacturers and professional organizations in providing the necessary data for the reclassification process. This case study highlights the collaboration between physicians and professional organizations in facilitating FDA reclassification and underscores changes to the current classification process that could avoid the prolonged dichotomy between common medical practice and FDA guidelines.
Exploring changes in building strength using seismic wave deconvolution
Authors: Chou Yu-Ting , Wen Strong , Liao Chun-Fu , Chen Ying Nien , Kuo Chun-Hsiang 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn order to avoid the casualties caused by damaged buildings during strong earthquakes, it’s important and essential to understand the seismic design specifications of buildings. The motion of a building depends on the interferometry of building and ground motion, the coupling between building and ground, and the mechanical properties of the building. We applied deconvolution technique to the motion recorded to separate the building response and calculated the structural parameters (including traveling wave velocity, resonant frequency and attenuation parameter). Therefore, we can check medium’s state by tracking these parameters to avoid damaged building collapse in the next mega-earthquake. We deployed a seismograph array in the building to record the earthquakes and few months of ambient noise data. In addition, we divided the structure into lower and higher floors to calculate the layering velocity. We found that the wave velocities of the lower and higher floors are significantly different but the former exhibit stable variation. For the monitoring phase, we tried different stacking time-lengths and calculated the related traveling wave velocities which are similar to the analysis in earthquakes. From the above results, we concluded that the physical parameters of the building can monitor the healthy condition of structure. Finally, we hope these results would be helpful to build a long-term monitoring of building's healthy status and the assessment of seismic hazard.
Measuring concordance and discordance between selected individual characteristics and corresponding neighborhood-level social determinants of health
Authors: Ngai Ka Ming , Maroko Andrew , Bilal Saadiyah , Wilder Marcee , Gordon Lauren , Richardson Lynne D. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background:
Individuals reside within communities influenced by various social determinants impacting health, which may harmonize or conflict at individual and neighborhood levels. While some experience concordant circumstances, discordance is prevalent, yet poorly understood due to the lack of a universally accepted method for quantifying it. This paper proposes a methodology to address this gap.

Methods:
We propose a systematic approach to operationalize concordance and discordance between individual and neighborhood social determinants, using household income (HHI) (continuous) and race/ethnicity (categorical) as examples for individual social determinants. We demonstrated our method with a small dataset that combines self-reported individual data with geocoded neighborhood level. We anticipate that the risk profiles created by either self-reported individual data or neighborhood-level data alone will differ from patterns demonstrated by typologies based on concordance and discordance.

Results:
In our cohort, it was revealed that 20% of patients experienced discordance between their HHIs and neighborhood characteristics. Additionally, 38% reside in racially/ethnically concordant neighborhoods, 23% in discordant ones, and 39% in neutral ones.

Conclusion:
Our study introduces an innovative approach to defining and quantifying the notions of concordance and discordance in individual attributes concerning neighborhood-level social determinants. It equips researchers with a valuable tool to conduct more comprehensive investigations into the intricate interplay between individuals and their environments. Ultimately, this methodology facilitates a more accurate modeling of the true impacts of social determinants on health, contributing to a deeper understanding of this complex relationship.
Topographic and hydrological controls on partial and full surges of Little Kluane Glacier, Yukon
Authors: Main Brittany , Copland Luke , Flowers Gwenn Elizabeth , Dow Christine Fiona , Van Wychen Wesley , Samsonov Sergey , Kochtitzky William 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
We demonstrate that a ~20 km long valley glacier in the St. Elias Mountains, Yukon, can experience both partial and full surges, likely controlled by the presence of a topographic constriction and the formation and drainage of supraglacial lakes. Based on analysis of air photos, satellite images and field observations since the 1940s, we identify a full surge of ‘Little Kluane Glacier’ from 2013 to 2018, and a partial surge of just the upper north arm between 1963 and 1972. Repeat digital elevation models and velocity profiles indicate that the recent surge initiated from the upper north arm in 2013, which developed into a full surge of the main trunk from 2017 to 2018 with peak velocities of ~3600 m a−1 and frontal advance of ~1.7 km from May to September 2018. In 2016, a mass movement from the north arm to the main trunk generated a surface depression in a region immediately downstream of a topographic constriction, which promoted the formation and rapid drainage of supraglacial lakes to the glacier bed, and likely established the conditions to propel the initial partial surge into a full surge. Our results underscore the complex interplay between glacier geometry, surface hydrology and topography required to drive full surges of this glacier.
Protein click chemistry and its potential for medical applications
Authors: Amiri Ahmad , Abedanzadeh Sedigheh , Davaeil Bagher , Shaabani Ahmad , Moosavi-Movahedi Ali A. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
A revolution in chemical biology occurred with the introduction of click chemistry. Click chemistry plays an important role in protein chemistry modifications, providing specific, sensitive, rapid, and easy-to-handle methods. Under physiological conditions, click chemistry often overlaps with bioorthogonal chemistry, defined as reactions that occur rapidly and selectively without interfering with biological processes. Click chemistry is used for the posttranslational modification of proteins based on covalent bond formations. With the contribution of click reactions, selective modification of proteins would be developed, representing an alternative to other technologies in preparing new proteins or enzymes for studying specific protein functions in different biological processes. Click-modified proteins have potential in diverse applications such as imaging, labeling, sensing, drug design, and enzyme technology. Due to the promising role of proteins in disease diagnosis and therapy, this review aims to highlight the growing applications of click strategies in protein chemistry over the last two decades, with a special emphasis on medicinal applications.
Frequency-dependent
$\textrm{H}_{{\infty }}$
control for wind disturbance rejection of a fully actuated UAV
Authors: Bannwarth Jérémie X. J. , Kazemi Shahab , Stol Karl 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn this paper, an
$\textrm{H}_{{\infty }}$
dynamic output feedback controller is experimentally implemented for the position regulation of a fully actuated tilted-rotor octocopter unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) to improve wind disturbance rejection during station-keeping. To apply the lateral forces, besides the standard tilt-to-translate (attitude-thrust) movement, tilted-rotor UAVs can generate vectored (horizontal) thrust. Vectored-thrust is high-bandwidth but saturation-constrained, while attitude-thrust generates larger forces with lower bandwidth. For the first time, this paper emphasizes the frequency-dependent allocation of weighting matrices in
$\textrm{H}_{{\infty }}$
control design based on the physical capabilities of the fully actuated UAV (vectored-thrust and attitude-thrust). A dynamic model of the tilted-rotor octocopter, including aerodynamic effects and rotor dynamics, is presented to design the controller. The proposed
$\textrm{H}_{{\infty }}$
controller solves the frequency-dependent actuator allocation problem by augmenting the dynamic model with weighting transfer functions. This novel frequency-dependent allocation utilizes the attitude-thrust for low-frequency disturbances and vectored-thrust for high-frequency disturbances, which exploits the maximum potential of the fully actuated UAV. Several wind tunnel experiments are conducted to validate the model and wind disturbance rejection performance, and the results are compared to the baseline PX4 Autopilot controller on both the tilted-rotor and a planar octocopter. The
$\textrm{H}_{{\infty }}$
controller is shown to reduce station-keeping error by up to 50% for an actuator usage 25% higher in free-flight tests.
Phylogenetic trends in TZ staining analysis of six deep dormancy seeds
Authors: Peng Chen Yin , Wu Yu , Huang Wen Hui , Deng Zhi Yun , Sun Xiao Rui , Wang Ming Zhu , Pritchard Hugh W. , Shen Yong Bao , Xu Jin Ya , Yu Xiang Yu , Guo Cong Cong 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe assessment of seed quality and physiological potential is essential in seed production and crop breeding. In the process of rapid detection of seed viability using tetrazolium (TZ) staining, it is necessary to spend a lot of labour and material resources to explore the pretreatment and staining methods of hard and solid seeds with physical barriers. This study explores the TZ staining methods of six hard seeds (Tilia miqueliana, Tilia henryana, Sassafras tzumu, Prunus subhirtella, Prunus sibirica, and Juglans mandshurica) and summarizes the TZ staining conditions required for hard seeds by combining the difference in fat content between seeds and the kinship between species, thus providing a rapid viability test method for the protection of germplasm resources of endangered plants and the optimization of seed bank construction. The TZ staining of six species of hard seeds requires a staining temperature above 35 °C and a TZ solution concentration higher than 1%. Endospermic seeds require shorter staining times than exalbuminous seeds. The higher the fat content of the seeds, the lower the required incubation temperature and TZ concentration for staining, and the longer the staining time. And the closer the relationship between the two species, the more similar their staining conditions become. The TZ staining method of similar species can be predicted according to the genetic distance between the phylogenetic trees, and the viability of new species can be detected quickly.
Development and validation of a nonverbal consensus-based semantic memory paradigm in patients with epilepsy
Authors: Tran Edwina B. , Vonk Jet M.J. , Casaletto Kaitlin , Zhang Da , Christin Raphael , Marathe Siddharth , Gorno-Tempini Maria Luisa , Chang Edward F. , Kleen Jonathan K. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjective:Brain areas implicated in semantic memory can be damaged in patients with epilepsy (PWE). However, it is challenging to delineate semantic processing deficits from acoustic, linguistic, and other verbal aspects in current neuropsychological assessments. We developed a new Visual-based Semantic Association Task (ViSAT) to evaluate nonverbal semantic processing in PWE.Method:The ViSAT was adapted from similar predecessors (Pyramids & Palm Trees test, PPT; Camels & Cactus Test, CCT) comprised of 100 unique trials using real-life color pictures that avoid demographic, cultural, and other potential confounds. We obtained performance data from 23 PWE participants and 24 control participants (Control), along with crowdsourced normative data from 54 Amazon Mechanical Turk (Mturk) workers.Results:ViSAT reached a consensus >90% in 91.3% of trials compared to 83.6% in PPT and 82.9% in CCT. A deep learning model demonstrated that visual features of the stimulus images (color, shape; i.e., non-semantic) did not influence top answer choices (p = 0.577). The PWE group had lower accuracy than the Control group (p = 0.019). PWE had longer response times than the Control group in general and this was augmented for the semantic processing (trial answer) stage (both p < 0.001).Conclusions:This study demonstrated performance impairments in PWE that may reflect dysfunction of nonverbal semantic memory circuits, such as seizure onset zones overlapping with key semantic regions (e.g., anterior temporal lobe). The ViSAT paradigm avoids confounds, is repeatable/longitudinal, captures behavioral data, and is open-source, thus we propose it as a strong alternative for clinical and research assessment of nonverbal semantic memory.
Carbon Leakage and International Climate Change Law
Authors: Pirlot Alice 
Published: April 2024

AbstractCarbon leakage – the increase of greenhouse gas emissions in foreign jurisdictions following the introduction of domestic or regional climate mitigation measures – raises key questions in the climate change debate. This includes whether carbon leakage constitutes a threat to the environmental integrity of climate policies and, if so, how this could be mitigated. Through the use of four hypothetical models of international climate change regime, this article argues that international climate change law is a key factor in answering this two-part question. Firstly, the article demonstrates that the architecture of international climate change law affects whether carbon leakage can be considered as undermining the mitigation objective of climate policies. Secondly, it draws attention to the interaction – and potential tension – between carbon leakage prevention measures and international climate change law.
Construction and Validation of a Tool for Measuring Prejudice Toward	Childfree People
Authors: Ciesielski Paweł 
Published: April 2024

Abstract: The decision not to have children (childfreeness) often comes with experiencing prejudice and discrimination. In order to explore this prejudice, a new tool was constructed (QPCF – Questionnaire of Prejudice Toward Childfree People). All items of the questionnaire were evaluated by competent judges. Next, a Pilot Study ( N = 155) was conducted to verify the factorial structure of the questionnaire and its reliability, which resulted in revising the questionnaire. Then a second Pilot Study ( N = 169) using a revised version of the tool was used to verify its factorial structure and reliability – both of which were satisfactory. Finally, a Validation Study ( N = 216) was conducted which confirmed the factorial structure, internal and test-retest reliability as well as the tool’s theoretical validity (correlation with sexism and dehumanization of childfree people), however, it failed at obtaining a representative sample. This new tool (QPCF) complies with standards established for psychological questionnaires, however, due to the nature of the samples it is prudent to further validate the tool in future studies, to ensure that the questionnaire’s qualities remain when it is applied to a representative sample. The tool however is ready to be used and adapted to other cultures in the future.
The Internal Consistency of the Moral Injury Event	Scale
Authors: Steen Scott , Law G. Urquhart , Jones Chris 
Published: April 2024

Abstract: The Moral Injury Event Scale (MIES) is a tool for measuring exposure to potentially morally injurious event(s) and distress. Although it reported acceptable psychometric properties in its initial development studies, it has since been used in multiple contexts and populations without assessment of its changing properties. A reliability generalization of the MIES and its Sub-Scales was therefore undertaken. A systematic search of electronic databases (PsychINFO; PTSD Pubs; MEDLINE; Scopus; Web of Science) identified 42 studies reporting internal consistencies (Cronbach’s α) up to April 2022. Unfortunately, few studies reported any other form of reliability or validity metric (e.g., test-retest, inter-rater reliability). A random effects model with a Bayesian analytic framework and the DerSimonian-Laird (1986) estimate was used. The review found the MIES to be an internally consistent tool based on α estimates at both Full-scale (α = .88; 95% CI [.87–.89]) and Sub-scales (α = .82–.92; 95% CI [.79–.93]). The review uncovered high heterogeneity and inconsistencies in its administration and modification although figures generally remained above acceptable levels (α ≥ .70). Based on the review, the MIES represents an internally reliably tool for measuring potentially morally injurious events and distress at both Full and Sub-Scales according to pooled Cronbach’s α estimates.
The Influence of Climate Variability and Future Climate Change on Atlantic Hurricane Season Length
Authors: Patricola Christina M. , Hansen Grace E. , Sena Ana C. T. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAtlantic hurricane season length is important for emergency management preparation, motivating the need to understand its variability and change. We investigated the influence of ocean variability on Atlantic hurricane season length in observations and a future climate simulated by the Energy Exascale Earth System Model (E3SM). We found that multiple factors influence hurricane season length, through their influence on season start and end. Warm western subtropical Atlantic sea‐surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs) during boreal spring (before the official hurricane season start) drive early starts to the hurricane season, and vice versa for cool SSTAs. Meanwhile, La Niña in autumn (before the official hurricane season end) drives late ends to the hurricane season, and vice versa for El Niño. E3SM projects a 27‐day increase in future Atlantic hurricane season length given La Niña and warm northern tropical Atlantic SSTAs. This research documents sources of predictability for Atlantic hurricane season length.
Generalizing Microbial Parameters in Soil Biogeochemical Models: Insights From a Multi‐Site Incubation Experiment
Authors: Jian Siyang , Li Jianwei , Wang Gangsheng , Zhou Jizhong , Schadt Christopher W. , Mayes Melanie A. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIncorporating microbial processes into soil biogeochemical models has received growing interest. However, determining the parameters that govern microbially driven biogeochemical processes typically requires case‐specific model calibration in various soil and ecosystem types. Here each case refers to an independent and individual experimental unit subjected to repeated measurements. Using the Microbial‐ENzyme Decomposition model, this study aimed to test whether a common set of microbially‐relevant parameters (i.e., generalized parameters) could be obtained across multiple cases based on a two‐year incubation experiment in which soil samples of four distinct soil series (i.e., Coland, Kesswick, Westmoreland, and Etowah) collected from forest and grassland were subjected to cellulose or no cellulose amendment. Results showed that a common set of parameters controlling microbial growth and maintenance as well as extracellular enzyme production and turnover could be generalized at the soil series level but not land cover type. This indicates that microbial model developments need to prioritize soil series type over plant functional types when implemented across various sites. This study also suggests that, in addition to heterotrophic respiration and microbial biomass data, extracellular enzyme data sets are needed to achieve reliable microbial‐relevant parameters for large‐scale soil model projections.