bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Older patients’ experience of dressing changes on venous leg ulcers: more than just a docile patient
Authors: Ebbeskog Britt , Emami Azita 
Published: October 2005

Aim and objective.  The aim of this paper was to describe the lived experiences of older patients with venous leg ulcers, during dressing changes as out patients with a focus of their concerns about care interventions. Research on wound care management has focused on treatment of venous leg ulcer, wound assessments and the choice of dressing material. Few studies have focused on the patients’ experience of dressing changes.Design.  Fifteen older people with verified venous leg ulcers were recruited in a metropolitan area of Sweden. Data were collected with research interviews in the form of dialogue.Method.  Data were analysed with an interpretative phenomenological method developed by Benner.Results.  Twelve women and three men participated. The themes were: ‘being cared for with a skilful touch’, ‘feelings of belonging, continuity and affinity’, and ‘being suppressed into a state where one loses control, leading to feelings of discomfort’. The participants’ experiences varied. Some were satisfied and felt that there was a mutual understanding between caregivers and patients, while others were dissatisfied and felt objectified. Understanding the patients as human beings and considering illness as lived experience helped the care providers to perform skilful wound care, in an atmosphere of mutual understanding.Conclusion.  The patients suffering from venous leg ulcers wanted to feel worthy of wound treatment and to meet skilful, confident and gentle nurses in a sharing atmosphere. Nurses must be perceptive to the individual's bodily experience of the leg ulcer.Relevance to clinical practice.  Wound care requires a multidimensional clinical approach that involves not only medical and technical care strategies of dressings and bandages, but also aspects that concern the situated‐based illness experience that persons suffering from leg ulcers may face.
Health Needs Instrument for hospitalized single‐living Taiwanese elders with heart disease: triangulation research design
Authors: Shih Shaw‐Nin , Gau Meei‐Ling , Kao Lo Chi‐Hui , Shih Fu‐Jin 
Published: October 2005

Aim.  The aims of this study were (a) to explore the health needs of hospitalized Taiwanese older people with heart disease who live alone in the community; (b) to develop an instrument to assess their health needs and (c) to examine relationships among their health needs.Design.  Three phases were involved in this between‐method triangulation design.Methods.  The first phase explored the contextual content of the health needs from the perspectives of a purposive sampling of 34 subjects by the use of an explorative qualitative method. The second phase developed the Health Needs Instrument (HNI) and established its reliability and validity. The last phase implemented the instrument in a cohort and examined their appraisals of each type of health need as well as the relationships among different types of health needs.Results.  The HNI encompasses the following five types of health needs: help in managing tangible things, psychological support, medical support, obtaining health information and participation in decision‐making. In the last phase, a purposive sample of 54 subjects (48 men and 6 women) with an average age of 75·3 years was obtained. Subjects’ health needs were ranked as obtaining health information (100%), participation in decision‐making (96%), managing tangible issues (87%), medical support (86%) and psychological support (67%). Detailed items for each type of health need were revealed. By examining the relationship between their health needs, the psychological needs in confronting the subjects’ physical discomfort had a significant correlation with medical support (r = 0·469, P < 0·01), with tangible needs after surgery or an invasive examination (r = 0·460, P < 0·01), with informational needs (r = 0·393, P = 0·034) and with tangible needs of maintaining daily living activities during the hospitalization period (r = 0·290, P = 0·034). The need for tangible help in maintaining daily living activities during the hospitalization period was significantly correlated with the need for medical support (r = 0·341, P = 0·012), with help in managing admissions and discharge procedures (r = 0·374, P = 0·05) and with help after an invasive examination or in the postsurgery period (r = 0·334, P = 0·013).Conclusion.  Finally, a conceptual framework was developed to depict this phenomenon. With the help of this HNI, both Eastern and Western health care providers can be empowered to detect the complex health needs of this particular population earlier and more accurately in order to promote their well‐being as well as their health‐related quality of life.Relevance to clinical practice.  Empowering nurse clinicians to assess health needs of hospitalized single‐living Taiwanese elders with heart disease.
Effects of a feeding skills training programme on nursing assistants and dementia patients
Authors: Chang Chia‐Chi , Lin Li‐Chan 
Published: October 2005

Aims and objectives.  The purposes of this study were to develop a comprehensive feeding skills training programme for nursing assistants and to test the effects of this training programme on their knowledge, attitude and behaviour and the outcome of dementia patients including total eating time, food intake and feeding difficulty.Background.  Dementia patients have a high probability of feeding problems that result in a substantial risk of malnutrition. Assisting residents with eating is a major task for nursing assistants and they require better training to provide adequate quality of nutritional care.Design methods.  A quasi‐experimental study was conducted. Two convenience‐chosen dementia‐specialized long‐term care facilities in North Taiwan were randomly assigned into either a control or a treatment group. Sixty‐seven nursing assistants were enrolled (treatment: 31; control: 36). Twenty nursing assistants and the same number of dementia patients were observed during mealtime. The treatment group participated in a feeding skills training programme including three hours of in‐service classes and one hour of hands‐on training, whereas the control group did not receive any training.Results.  The treatment group had significantly more knowledge (F = 47·7, P < 0·001), more positive attitude (F = 15·75, P = 0·001) and better behaviours (t = 6·0, P < 0·001) than the control group after the intervention. Dementia patients in the treatment group had significantly longer total eating time (t = 2·7, P < 0·05) and higher Edinburgh Feeding Evaluation in Dementia scores (more feeding difficulty) (t = 2·1, P < 0·05) than the control group. There was no significant difference on food intake between the two groups (t = 0·8, P = 0·49).Conclusion.  This feeding skills training programme has been found to change nursing assistants’ knowledge, attitude, and behaviour as well as increasing the eating time for the dementia patients.Relevance to clinical practice.  This study raises attention regarding on‐the‐job training for nursing assistants. Furthermore, the feeding problems among dementia patients should be further explored as well as the nutritional care.
Transference, counter‐transference and repetition: some implications for nursing practice
Authors: Jones Alun C 
Published: October 2005

Aims.  This discussion paper offers an introductory text for nurses and explores the psychoanalytic ideas of transference, counter‐transference and repetition compulsion. Disguised case vignettes provide illustrations of the ideas as they might apply to nursing, including professional practice and occupational choice.Background.  The literature suggests that transference can be a source of creativity as well as destructiveness and influence important communications with oneself and others including the choice of nursing and other health professions as an occupation. Recognizing possibilities of transference, counter‐transference along with repetitive patterns of behaviours, can help nurses of all specialities to address situations constructively by responding thoughtfully and appropriately.Conclusion.  This discussion concludes with the suggestions that we know little about the motivational factors underlying nursing as an occupational preference; moreover, nursing does not have a culture of personal therapy. As such nurses are denied opportunities to understand the possible reasons underlying their occupational choice or gain experiential knowledge of interpersonal dynamics occurring between patients and colleagues.Relevance to clinical practice.  Transference and counter‐transference are thought to have some bearing on all relationships. Forming a natural part of the way human beings relate to each other, transference and counter‐transference can bring about sincere human interest, caring and concern. However, there is also potential for disagreements. Recognizing the possible origins of relational difficulties can offer opportunities for professional development to nurses along with the benefits for health service users.
Influence of prolonged dalteparin treatment on coagulation, fibrinolysis and inflammation in unstable coronary artery disease
Authors: OLDGREN J. , FELLENIUS C. , BOMAN K. , JANSSON J.‐H. , NILSSON T. K. , WALLENTIN L. , SIEGBAHN A. 
Published: October 2005

Abstract.Background.  Unstable coronary artery disease (CAD) is a multi‐factorial disease involving thrombotic and inflammatory processes. Short‐term low molecular weight (LMW) heparin treatment reduces coagulation activity and clinical events. We investigated the influence of prolonged treatment on coagulation, fibrinolysis and inflammation.Methods and results.  Serial blood samples were obtained from 555 of 2267 unstable CAD patients in the FRISC II study. Patients were treated with the LMW heparin dalteparin 120 IU kg−1 s.c. twice daily for 5–7 days and randomized to placebo (n = 285) or gender and weight‐adjusted doses of dalteparin (5000 or 7500 IU) twice daily (n = 270) for 3 months. Dalteparin persistently depressed coagulation activity with, when compared with placebo, lower median levels of factor VIIa (63 IU mL−1 vs. 84 IU mL−1), prothrombin fragment 1 + 2 (0.86 nmol L−1 vs. 1.09 nmol L−1) and D‐dimer (21 μg L−1 vs. 43 μg L−1) after 3 months, all P < 0.01. Reactivation of coagulation activity was observed after cessation of both short‐term and prolonged dalteparin treatment. Higher levels of tPA/PAI‐1 complex (11.7 μg L−1 vs. 6.5 μg L−1, P < 0.001) and von Willebrand factor (162% vs. 136%, P < 0.001) were found during prolonged dalteparin treatment. Interleukin‐6, C‐reactive protein and fibrinogen levels were unaffected by dalteparin treatment.Conclusions.  Three months dalteparin treatment resulted in a sustained and pronounced reduction of coagulation activity, which corresponds to the observed reduction in death and myocardial infarction during the initial 6 weeks in the FRISC II study. The persistently elevated levels of tPA/PAI‐1 complex and von Willebrand factor might reflect effects on platelets and endothelial cells and thus contribute to the gradually decreased efficacy by prolonged dalteparin treatment in unstable CAD.
Effect of Exercise on Ovarian Morphology and Expression of Nerve Growth Factor and α1‐ and β2‐Adrenergic Receptors in Rats with Steroid‐Induced Polycystic Ovaries
Authors: Manni L. , Cajander S. , Lundeberg T. , Naylor A. S. , Aloe L. , Holmäng A. , Jonsdottir I. H. , Stener‐Victorin E. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractOestadiol valerate (EV)‐induced polycystic ovaries (PCO) in rats cause anovulation and cystic ovarian morphology. Denervation of ovarian sympathetic nerves restores ovulatory disruption. In the present study, we determined whether 5 weeks of voluntary exercise influence ovarian morphology and the expression of sympathetic markers in the EV‐induced PCO rat model. The effect of exercise on (i) ovarian morphology; (ii) mRNA and protein expression of nerve growth factor (NGF); and (iii) mRNA and number of ovarian‐expressing cells for the NGF receptor (p75 neurotrophin receptor) and the α1a‐, α1b‐, α1d‐ and β2‐adrenergic receptors (ARs) in rats with EV‐induced PCO was evaluated. PCO was induced by a single i.m. injection of EV, and controls were injected with oil alone in adult cycling rats. The rats were divided into four groups: (i) control (oil); (ii) exercise group (oil + exercise); (iii) a PCO group (EV); and (iv) a PCO exercise group (EV + exercise). The exercise and PCO exercise groups ran voluntarily for 5 weeks in computer‐monitored wheels placed in the cages where they were housed. The results obtained indicated that ovarian morphology was almost normalised in the PCO exercise group; NGF mRNA and protein concentrations were normalised in the PCO exercise group; high numbers of NGF receptor expressing cells in PCO ovaries were lowered by exercise; and the number of immunopositive cells of the different AR subtypes were all reduced after exercise in the PCO group, except for the α1b‐ and β2‐AR whereas the mRNA levels were unaffected, indicating transcriptional regulation. In conclusion, our data indicate a beneficial effect of regular exercise, as a modulator of ovarian sympathetic innervation, in the prevention and treatment of human PCOS.
Multiple origin of metallicolous populations of the pseudometallophyte Arabidopsis halleri (Brassicaceae) in central Europe: the cpDNA testimony
Authors: PAUWELS MAXIME , SAUMITOU‐LAPRADE PIERRE , HOLL ANNE CATHERINE , PETIT DANIEL , BONNIN ISABELLE 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThe population structure of the pseudo‐metallophyte herb, Arabidopsis halleri, was studied using Polymerase Chain Reaction‐Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR–RFLP) on chloroplast DNA (cpDNA). The history of metallicolous (M) populations showing increased zinc tolerance was investigated. Eight primer‐enzyme combinations out of 72 tested were applied to a total of 625 individuals from 28 widespread populations, 14 of them being M. Eleven distinct chlorotypes were found: five were common to nonmetallicolous (NM) and M populations, whereas six were only observed in one edaphic type (five in NM and one in M). No difference in chlorotype diversity between edaphic types was detected. Computed on the basis of chlorotype frequencies, the level of population differentiation was high but remained the same when taking into account levels of molecular divergence between chlorotypes. Isolation by distance was largely responsible for population differentiation. Geographically isolated groups of M populations were more genetically related to their closest NM populations than to each other. Our results suggest that M populations have been founded separately from distinct NM populations without suffering founding events and that the evolution towards increased tolerance observed in the distinct M population groups occurred independently.
Local forest environment largely affects below‐ground growth, clonal diversity and fine‐scale spatial genetic structure in the temperate deciduous forest herb Paris quadrifolia
Authors: JACQUEMYN HANS , BRYS REIN , HONNAY OLIVIER , HERMY MARTIN , ROLDÁN‐RUIZ ISABEL 
Published: October 2005

Abstract Paris quadrifolia (herb Paris) is a long‐lived, clonal woodland herb that shows strong differences in local population size and shoot density along an environmental gradient of soil and light conditions. This environmentally based structuring may be mediated by differences in clonal growth and seedling recruitment through sexual reproduction. To study the interrelationship between environmental conditions and spatial patterns of clonal growth, the spatial genetic structure of four P. quadrifolia populations growing in strongly contrasting sites was determined. In the first place, plant excavations were performed in order to (i) determine differences in below‐ground growth of genets, (ii) investigate connectedness of ramets and (iii) determine total genet size. Although no differences in internode length were found among sites, clones in moist sites were much smaller (genets usually consisted of 1–3 interconnected shoots, most of them flowering) than genets in dry sites, which consisted of up to 15 interconnected shoots, the majority of which were vegetative. Further, amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers were used. Clonal diversity was higher in populations located in moist and productive ash–poplar forests compared to those found in drier and less productive mixed forest sites (G/N: 0.27 and 0.14 and Simpson's D: 0.84 and 0.75, respectively). Patterns of spatial population genetic structure under dry conditions revealed several large clones dominating the entire population, whereas in moist sites many small genets were observed. Nevertheless, strong spatial genetic structure of the genet population was observed. Our results clearly demonstrate that patterns of clonal diversity and growth form of P. quadrifolia differ among environments. Limited seedling recruitment and large clone sizes due to higher connectedness of ramets explain the low clonal diversity in dry sites. In moist sites, higher levels of clonal diversity and small clone sizes indicate repeated seedling recruitment, whereas strong spatial genetic structure suggests limited seed dispersal within populations.
A genetic similarity rule determines arthropod community structure
Authors: BANGERT R. K. , TUREK R. J. , REHILL B. , WIMP G. M. , SCHWEITZER J. A. , ALLAN G. J. , BAILEY J. K. , MARTINSEN G. D. , KEIM P. , LINDROTH R. L. , WHITHAM T. G. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractWe define a genetic similarity rule that predicts how genetic variation in a dominant plant affects the structure of an arthropod community. This rule applies to hybridizing cottonwood species where plant genetic variation determines plant–animal interactions and structures a dependent community of leaf‐modifying arthropods. Because the associated arthropod community is expected to respond to important plant traits, we also tested whether plant chemical composition is one potential intermediate link between plant genes and arthropod community composition. Two lines of evidence support our genetic similarity rule. First, in a common garden experiment we found that trees with similar genetic compositions had similar chemical compositions and similar arthropod compositions. Second, in a wild population, we found a similar relationship between genetic similarity in cottonwoods and the dependent arthropod community. Field data demonstrate that the relationship between genes and arthropods was also significant when the hybrids were analysed alone, i.e. the pattern is not dependent upon the inclusion of both parental species. Because plant–animal interactions and natural hybridization are common to diverse plant taxa, we suggest that a genetic similarity rule is potentially applicable, and may be extended, to other systems and ecological processes. For example, plants with similar genetic compositions may exhibit similar litter decomposition rates. A corollary to this genetic similarity rule predicts that in systems with low plant genetic variability, the environment will be a stronger factor structuring the dependent community. Our findings argue that the genetic composition of a dominant plant can structure higher order ecological processes, thus placing community and ecosystem ecology within a genetic and evolutionary framework. A genetic similarity rule also has important conservation implications because the loss of genetic diversity in one species, especially dominant or keystone species that define many communities, may cascade to negatively affect the rest of the dependent community.
Hidden diversity and host specificity in cycliophorans: a phylogeographic analysis along the North Atlantic and Mediterranean Sea
Authors: OBST MATTHIAS , FUNCH PETER , GIRIBET GONZALO 
Published: October 2005

AbstractIn order to elucidate the evolutionary history and the population structure of the members of the phylum Cycliophora, which live commensally on three species of lobsters, we studied sequence variation in the mitochondrial gene cyctochromecoxidase subunit I. Overall 242 sequences from 16 locations on both coasts of the North Atlantic, including the North Sea and the Mediterranean, were analysed, revealing 28 haplotypes, with a maximum sequence divergence of 16.6%. Total genetic diversity was high (h = 0.8322, π = 0.0898), as it was for the commensals onHomarus americanus(17 haplotypes,h = 0.7506, π = 0.0504). However, it was low for commensals onNephrops norvegicus(6 haplotypes,h = 0.3899, π = 0.0035), and intermediate for cycliophorans onHomarus gammarus(5 haplotypes,h = 0.3020, π = 0.0140). Although two of the host lobsters co‐inhabit the coastal waters of Europe, a strong genetic structure (78.45% of the observed genetic variation) was detected among populations on all host species, indicating the existence of a reproductively isolated species on each lobster. In addition, genetic structure over long distances exists among populations on each host species. Such patterns can be explained by the limited dispersal ability of the cycliophoran chordoid larva. Demographic and phylogenetic analyses suggest old and possibly cryptic populations present onH. americanusandH. gammarus, while the latter may have experienced recent bottlenecks, perhaps during Pleistocene glaciations. Populations onN. norvegicusappear to be of recent origin.
Life history correlates of inbreeding depression in mandrills (Mandrillus sphinx)
Authors: CHARPENTIER M. , SETCHELL J. M. , PRUGNOLLE F. , WICKINGS E. J. , PEIGNOT P. , BALLOUX F. , HOSSAERT‐MCKEY M. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractInbreeding depression reflects the negative consequences of increased homozygosity at genes that affect fitness. We investigate inbreeding depression in a semi‐free‐ranging colony of mandrills (Mandrillus sphinx), using high‐quality pedigree data, comprising five maternal generations and 20 years of morphological and demographic data. We examine the relationship between inbreeding coefficients and four fitness correlates: two growth parameters (mass and height for age) and longevity in both sexes, and age at first conception in females. Inbreeding was correlated with both growth parameters, but only in females, with inbred females being smaller than noninbred females. Inbreeding was also correlated significantly with age at first conception, with inbred females giving birth earlier in life than noninbred females. We suggest that sex‐biased maternal investment may explain this sex‐differential response to inbreeding, although the lack of a significant association between inbreeding and growth in males may also be due to the provisioned nature of the colony. The surprising relationship between age at first conception and inbreeding may be related to smaller adult size in inbred females, or to their being less able to escape from male sexual coercion.