bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of urban greenhouse gas emissions towards reduction planning and low-carbon city: a case study of Montreal, Canada
Authors: Pashaei Shadnoush , An Chunjiang 
Published: April 2024

AbstractGreenhouse gases (GHGs) can be produced from a broad range of anthropogenic activities at different spatial and temporal scales. In particular, emissions from urban area are an import source of GHGs. City is a complicated system consisting of various component and processes. Efforts have been made to reduce urban GHG emissions. However, there is a lack of available methods for effective assessment of such emissions. Many urban sources and factors which can influence the emissions are still unknown. In the present study, the GHG emissions from municipal activities was assessed. A model for the assessment of urban GHG emissions was developed. Based on the collected data, a case study was conducted to evaluate urban GHG emissions. The comprehensive assessment included the emissions from transportation, electricity consumption, natural gas, waste disposal, and wastewater treatment. There was a variation for GHG emissions from these sectors in different years. This study provided a new approach for comprehensive evaluation of urban GHG emissions. The results can help better understand the emission process and identify the major emission sources.
A Fab of trastuzumab to treat HER2 overexpressing breast cancer brain metastases
Authors: Angeli Eurydice , Paris Justine , Le Tilly Olivier , Desvignes Céline , Gapihan Guillaume , Boquet Didier , Pamoukdjian Frédéric , Hamdan Diaddin , Rigal Marthe , Poirier Florence , Lutomski Didier , Azibani Feriel , Mebazaa Alexandre , Herbet Amaury , Mabondzo Aloïse , Falgarone Géraldine , Janin Anne , Paintaud Gilles , Bousquet Guilhem 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDespite major therapeutic advances for two decades, including the most recently approved anti-HER2 drugs, brain metastatic localizations remain the major cause of death for women with metastatic HER2 breast cancer. The main reason is the limited drug passage of the blood-brain barrier after intravenous injection and the significant efflux of drugs, including monoclocal antibodies, after administration into the cerebrospinal fluid. We hypothesized that this efflux was linked to the presence of a FcRn receptor in the blood-brain barrier. To overcome this efflux, we engineered two Fab fragments of trastuzumab, an anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody, and did a thorough preclinical development for therapeutic translational purpose. We demonstrated the safety and equal efficacy of the Fabs with trastuzumab in vitro, and in vivo using a patient-derived xenograft model of HER2 overexpressing breast cancer. For the pharmacokinetic studies of intra-cerebrospinal fluid administration, we implemented original rat models with catheter implanted into the cisterna magna. After intraventricular administration in rats, we demonstrated that the brain-to-blood efflux of Fab was up to 10 times lower than for trastuzumab, associated with a two-fold higher brain penetration compared to trastuzumab. This Fab, capable of significantly reducing brain-to-blood efflux and enhancing brain penetration after intra-cerebrospinal fluid injection, could thus be a new and original effective drug in the treatment of HER2 breast cancer brain metastases, which will be demonstrated by a phase I clinical trial dedicated to women in resort situations.
Graphical Abstract
Mutations and intron polymorphisms in voltage-gated sodium channel genes of different geographic populations of Culex pipiens pallens/Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus in China
Authors: Li Wenyu , Ma Delong , Mu Qunzheng , Zhou Xinxin , Hua Dongdong , Zhao Chunchun , Liu Qiyong , Wang Jun , Meng Fengxia 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Culex pipiens pallens and Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus are the dominant species of Culex mosquitoes in China and important disease vectors. Long-term use of insecticides can cause mutations in the voltage-gated sodium channel (vgsc) gene of mosquitoes, but little is known about the current status and evolutionary origins of vgsc gene in different geographic populations. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the current status of vgsc genes in Cx. p. pallens and Cx. p. quinquefasciatus in China and to investigate the evolutionary inheritance of neighboring downstream introns of the vgsc gene to determine the impact of insecticides on long-term evolution.

Methods
Sampling was conducted from July to September 2021 in representative habitats of 22 provincial-level administrative divisions in China. Genomic DNA was extracted from 1308 mosquitoes, the IIS6 fragment of the vgsc gene on the nerve cell membrane was amplified using polymerase chain reaction, and the sequence was used to evaluate allele frequency and knockdown resistance (kdr) frequency. MEGA 11 was used to construct neighbor-joining (NJ) tree. PopART was used to build a TCS network.

Results
There were 6 alleles and 6 genotypes at the L1014 locus, which included the wild-type alleles TTA/L and CTA/L and the mutant alleles TTT/F, TTC/F, TCT/S and TCA/S. The geographic populations with a kdr frequency less than 20.00% were mainly concentrated in the regions north of 38° N, and the geographic populations with a kdr frequency greater than 80.00% were concentrated in the regions south of 30° N. kdr frequency increased with decreasing latitude. And within the same latitude, the frequency of kdr in large cities is relatively high. Mutations were correlated with the number of introns. The mutant allele TCA/S has only one intron, the mutant allele TTT/F has three introns, and the wild-type allele TTA/L has 17 introns.

Conclusions
Cx. p. pallens and Cx. p. quinquefasciatus have developed resistance to insecticides in most regions of China. The neighboring downstream introns of the vgsc gene gradually decreased to one intron with the mutation of the vgsc gene. Mutations may originate from multiple mutation events rather than from a single origin, and populations lacking mutations may be genetically isolated.

Graphical Abstract
Global research hotspots, development trends and prospect discoveries of phase separation in cancer: a decade-long informatics investigation
Authors: Guo Song-Bin , Feng Xue-Zhao , Huang Wei-Juan , Zhou Zhen-Zhong , Tian Xiao-Peng 
Published: April 2024

AbstractLiquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) is a complex and subtle phenomenon whose formation and regulation take essential roles in cancer initiation, growth, progression, invasion, and metastasis. This domain holds a wealth of underutilized unstructured data that needs further excavation for potentially valuable information. Therefore, we retrospectively analyzed the global scientific knowledge in the field over the last decade by using informatics methods (such as hierarchical clustering, regression statistics, hotspot burst, and Walktrap algorithm analysis). Over the past decade, this area enjoyed a favorable development trend (Annual Growth Rate: 34.98%) and global collaboration (International Co-authorship: 27.31%). Through unsupervised hierarchical clustering based on machine learning, the global research hotspots were divided into five dominant research clusters: Cluster 1 (Effects and Mechanisms of Phase Separation in Drug Delivery), Cluster 2 (Phase Separation in Gene Expression Regulation), Cluster 3 (Phase Separation in RNA-Protein Interaction), Cluster 4 (Reference Value of Phase Separation in Neurodegenerative Diseases for Cancer Research), and Cluster 5 (Roles and Mechanisms of Phase Separation). And further time-series analysis revealed that Cluster 5 is the emerging research cluster. In addition, results from the regression curve and hotspot burst analysis point in unison to super-enhancer (a=0.5515, R2=0.6586, p=0.0044) and stress granule (a=0.8000, R2=0.6000, p=0.0085) as the most potential star molecule in this field. More interestingly, the Random-Walk-Strategy-based Walktrap algorithm further revealed that “phase separation, cancer, transcription, super-enhancer, epigenetics”(Relevance Percentage[RP]=100%, Development Percentage[DP]=29.2%), “stress granule, immunotherapy, tumor microenvironment, RNA binding protein”(RP=79.2%, DP=33.3%) and “nanoparticle, apoptosis”(RP=70.8%, DP=25.0%) are closely associated with this field, but are still under-developed and worthy of further exploration. In conclusion, this study profiled the global scientific landscape, discovered a crucial emerging research cluster, identified several pivotal research molecules, and predicted several crucial but still under-developed directions that deserve further research, providing an important reference value for subsequent basic and clinical research of phase separation in cancer.
Unlocking the potential of β-1,3-xylooligosaccharides from Caulerpa lentillifera: structural characterization, antioxidative and anti-osteoarthritis applications
Authors: Cai Lixi , Zheng Jinlin , Liu Lixing , Chen Xiaoping , Wang Honglin 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
β-1,3-Xylooligosaccharides (XOS-3) extracted from Caulerpa lentillifera have shown potential antioxidative and anti-tumor properties, but research on their biological activities, particularly their anti-osteoarthritis effects, is still in early stages.

Results
XOS-3 were produced by eco-friendly enzymatic hydrolysis, displaying a semi-crystalline structure with predominant xylose, xylobiose, xylotriose, and xylotetraose components which were confirmed by IC, SEM, FT-IR, and XRD analysis. Compared with β-1,4-xylooligosaccharides, XOS-3 had stronger antioxidant properties, and the scavenging rate of O2•− and DPPH• radicals was 82.31% and 58.44% at 2.0 mg/mL respectively. In vitro studies, XOS-3 significantly improved cell viability in IL-1β-induced rat chondrocytes from 43.41 to 73.5% at 100 μg/mL, demonstrating anti-inflammatory and cartilage-protective effects by modulating MMP13 and COL2A1 expression.

Conclusions
The study displayed the potential antioxidative and anti-osteoarthritis effects of XOS-3, offering new visuals for the development of marine polysaccharides in the treatment of osteoarthritis.

Graphical Abstract
Ocular metastases profile in a tertiary hospital in São Paulo, Brazil
Authors: Ogata Matheus Senna Pereira , Ferreira Guilherme Rodrigues , Morales Melina Correia , Fernandes Arthur Gustavo 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Objective
Ocular metastases are the most common intraocular tumours in adults. Data regarding the occurrence of these tumours in the Brazilian population is scarce. We aimed to investigate the profile of ocular metastases of patients referred to tertiary hospital service in São Paulo, Brazil.

Design
Retrospective study.

Participants
Patients referred to the Ocular Oncology service of the Federal University of São Paulo with initial diagnostic hypothesis of ocular metastasis.

Methods
Data was retrospectively collected from medical records from June 2017 to June 2023. Age, sex, primary tumour site, previous knowledge of the systemic diagnosis, laterality, initial visual acuity (VA), local or systemic treatment and mean follow-up period were obtained.

Results
A total of 37 cases were referred to the ocular oncology division due to a suspected ocular metastasis, 15 (40.5%) were confirmed. Mean age at diagnosis was 53.47 ± 16.01 years old, the majority (86.7%) of patients already knew the systemic diagnosis. Breast cancer (66.7%) was the most common primary site, followed by Lung cancer (26.7%). Both eyes were affected in 66.67% of the cases, all patients had metastases at the choroid (100.0%), and the mean initial VA was 1.37 ± 1.04 logMAR. Chemotherapy was the main systemic treatment modality (73.3%), and most patients had no ocular treatment (53.3%). The mortality rate along the follow-up period was 30.0%.

Conclusions
Considering the number of new patients absorbed by the Ocular Oncology service over the study period, the frequency of ocular metastases was relatively low. The patients’ characteristics was comparable to data published in the international literature.
Comparison of approaches for increasing affinity of affibody molecules for imaging of B7-H3: dimerization and affinity maturation
Authors: Oroujeni Maryam , Carlqvist Matilda , Ryer Eva , Orlova Anna , Tolmachev Vladimir , Frejd Fredrik Y. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Radionuclide molecular imaging can be used to visualize the expression levels of molecular targets. Affibody molecules, small and high affinity non-immunoglobulin scaffold-based proteins, have demonstrated promising properties as targeting vectors for radionuclide tumour imaging of different molecular targets. B7-H3 (CD276), an immune checkpoint protein belonging to the B7 family, is overexpressed in different types of human malignancies. Visualization of overexpression of B7-H3 in malignancies enables stratification of patients for personalized therapies. Affinity maturation of anti-B7-H3 Affibody molecules as an approach to improve the binding affinity and targeting properties was recently investigated. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that a dimeric format may be an alternative option to increase the apparent affinity of Affibody molecules to B7-H3 and accordingly improve imaging contrast.

Results
Two dimeric variants of anti-B7-H3 Affibody molecules were produced (designated ZAC12*-ZAC12*-GGGC and ZAC12*-ZTaq_3-GGGC). Both variants were labelled with Tc-99m (99mTc) and demonstrated specific binding to B7-H3-expressing cells in vitro. [99mTc]Tc-ZAC12*-ZAC12*-GGGC showed subnanomolar affinity (KD1=0.28 ± 0.10 nM, weight = 68%), which was 7.6-fold higher than for [99mTc]Tc-ZAC12*-ZTaq_3-GGGC (KD=2.1 ± 0.9 nM). Head-to-head biodistribution of both dimeric variants of Affibody molecules compared with monomeric affinity matured SYNT-179 (all labelled with 99mTc) in mice bearing B7-H3-expressing SKOV-3 xenografts demonstrates that both dimers have lower tumour uptake and lower tumour-to-organ ratios compared to the SYNT-179 Affibody molecule.

Conclusion
The improved functional affinity by dimerization does not compensate the disadvantage of increased molecular size for imaging purposes.
Constructive alignment in a graduate-level project management course: an innovative framework using large language models
Authors: Pereira Estacio , Nsair Sumaya , Pereira Leticia Radin , Grant Kimberley 
Published: April 2024

AbstractConstructive alignment is a learning design approach that emphasizes the direct alignment of the intended learning outcomes, instructional strategies, learning activities, and assessment methods to ensure students are engaged in a meaningful learning experience. This pedagogical approach provides clarity and coherence, aiding students in understanding the connection of their learning activities and assessments with the overall course objectives. This paper explores the use of constructive alignment principles in designing a graduate-level Introduction to Project Management course by leveraging Large Language Models (LLMs), specifically ChatGPT. We introduce an innovative framework that embodies an iterative process to define the course learning outcomes, learning activities and assessments, and lecture content. We show that the implemented framework in ChatGPT was adept at autonomously establishing the course's learning outcomes, delineating assessments with their respective weights, mapping learning outcomes to each assessment method, and formulating a plan for learning activities and the course's schedule. While the framework can significantly reduce the time instructors spend on initial course planning, the results demonstrate that ChatGPT often lacks the specificity and contextual awareness necessary for effective implementation in diverse classroom settings. Therefore, the role of the instructor remains crucial in customizing and finalizing the course structure. The implications of this research are vast, providing insights for educators and curriculum designers looking to infuse LLMs systems into course development without compromising effective pedagogical practices.
The clay-shoveler’s fracture, a rare occupational injury in the modern era: a case report
Authors: Bello Juan Sebastián Reyes , Varón Diego Fernando Castiblanco , Saavedra Jose Luis Rozo , Lugo Claudia Marcela Restrepo , Mendez Juan Nicolas Perez , Salazar Luis Rafael Moscote 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
The clay-shoveler fracture, named after Australian clay shovelers from the 1930s, results from high-energy, repetitive pulling mechanisms and is commonly associated with shoveling or digging. This injury primarily affects the lower cervical and upper thoracic vertebrae, particularly the C7 and T1 vertebrae. The avulsion mechanism, caused by stress on the spinous processes, may lead to sudden, severe upper back pain, limiting the affected individual’s ability to work effectively.

Case presentation
This report presents the case of a 27-year-old boiler operator who experienced persistent neck pain, which did not respond to conservative management. Imaging studies revealed a T1 spinous process fracture with associated soft tissue edema, diagnosed as a clay-shoveler fracture. Conventional treatment with a semirigid cervical collar, analgesia, and rest was administered, leading to a favorable outcome.
The clay-shoveler fracture, though rare, should be considered in cases involving repetitive stress on the cervical and thoracic spine, especially in occupations that require heavy lifting. In most instances, conservative management proves effective in relieving pain and enabling recovery.

Conclusion
Recognizing the clay-shoveler fracture is crucial for timely diagnosis and treatment. This case report underscores the occupational nature of the injury and its association with specific work activities. Further research and reporting of similar cases will contribute to a deeper understanding of this unusual fracture pattern, its risk factors, and optimal management strategies.
Efficacy and safety of cangrelor as compared to ticagrelor in patients with ST-elevated myocardial infarction (STEMI): a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Chakraborty Subhro , Sarkar Debalina , Samajdar Shambo Samrat , Biswas Pallab , Mohapatra Debasish , Halder Saptarshi , Yunus Mohammad 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of cangrelor as compared to ticagrelor in patients with ST-elevated myocardial infarction (STEMI) who underwent percutaneous intervention.

Methods
PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane CENTRAL, and ClinicalTrials.gov databases were searched for relevant head-on-comparison or swapping studies. The primary outcome was the rate of high platelet reactivity (HPR) at specific time intervals after stopping cangrelor infusion during the first 24 h. Secondary outcomes were the risks of thrombosis, all-cause mortality and bleeding. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) were calculated using random-effects models.

Results
A total of 1018 studies were screened and eight were included in the analysis. There were four head-on-comparison studies and four swapping studies. There was no significant difference in the proportion of patients achieving a high platelet reactivity in swapping studies [OR, 0.71 (95% CI 0.04, 13.87), p = 0.82, i2 = 88%]. In head-on-comparison studies, PRU from Fig. 2B shows there was no significant reduction in high platelet reactivity [mean difference – 77.83 (95% CI − 238.84, 83.18), p < 0.001, i2 = 100%]. PRU results from (Fig. 2C) show a mean difference of 7.38 (95% CI − 29.74, 44.51), p < 0.001, i2 = 97%. There was no significant difference in the risks of thrombosis [OR, 0.91 (95% CI 0.20, 4.13), p = 0.81, i2 = 0%], all-cause mortality [OR, 3.52 (95% CI 0.44, 27.91), p = 0.24, i2 = 26%] and bleeding [OR, 0.89 (95% CI 0.37, 2.17), p = 0.93, i2 = 0%] between the two groups as revealed in the head-on-comparison studies.

Conclusion
The efficacy and safety profiles of cangrelor and ticagrelor were similar in patients with STEMI.
Identifying barriers and facilitators to primary care practitioners implementing health assessments for people with intellectual disability: a Theoretical Domains Framework-informed scoping review
Authors: Caltabiano Paul , Bailie Jodie , Laycock Alison , Shea Bradley , Dykgraaf Sally Hall , Lennox Nicholas , Ekanayake Kanchana , Bailie Ross 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Introduction
People with intellectual disability experience poorer health outcomes compared with the general population, partly due to the difficulties of accessing preventive care in primary care settings. There is good evidence that structured annual health assessments can enhance quality of care for people with intellectual disability, and their use has become recommended policy in several high-income countries. However, uptake remains low. The Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) offers a conceptual structure for understanding barriers to implementation and has been usefully applied to inform implementation of health assessments for other high-need groups, but not for people with intellectual disability. We conducted a scoping review of the literature, using the TDF, to identify barriers and facilitators influencing primary care practitioners’ implementation of annual health assessments for people with intellectual disability as part of routine primary care practice.

Methods
This study was conducted according to the JBI methodological approach for scoping reviews. Searches were conducted in Medline (OVID-SP), Embase (OVID-SP), PsycINFO (OVID-SP), CINHAL (EBSCO), Scopus (Elsevier) and Web of Science (Clarivate) for relevant peer-reviewed publications up to May 2023. Screening, full-text review and data extraction were completed by two independent reviewers. Data were extracted and mapped to the TDF to identify relevant barriers and facilitators.

Results
The search yielded 1057 publications, with 21 meeting the inclusion criteria. Mapping data to the TDF, the most frequently identified domains were (a) environmental context and resources, (b) skills, (c) knowledge and (d) emotion. Predominant factors impacting on implementation included practitioners’ lack of awareness about health assessments and their identified benefits; inadequate training and experience by practitioners in the delivery of health assessments for people with intellectual disability; insufficient time to provide health assessments; and practitioner burnout.

Conclusion
Using a theory-informed behavioural framework, our review aids understanding of the barriers and facilitators to improving the implementation of health assessments as part of routine care for people with intellectual disability. However, there is a clear need for further qualitative research to examine the perceptions of primary care practitioners regarding implementation barriers and facilitators to health assessments in general, including views from practitioners who are not currently undertaking health assessments.