bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The State and the Jews: Reflections on Difficult Freedom
Authors: Aronowicz Annette 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThis essay examines the contrast between two conceptions of the universal, one represented by the modern State and the other by the Jewish people. In order to do so, it returns to the collection of essays on Judaism Levinas wrote in the approximately two decades after the Second World War, Difficult Freedom. Its aim is to focus specifically on the political dimension within this collection and then to step back and reflect on how his way of speaking of the political appears to us a full generation later. As is well known, Levinas's approach to the political has a way of escaping that realm, while nonetheless remaining relevant to it. This is what we shall try to capture and to evaluate.
Does the Habit Make the Nun? A Case Study of Heloise's Influence on Abelard's Ethical Philosophy
Authors: Findley Brooke Heidenreich 
Published: December 2006

AbstractA careful reading of Heloise's letters reveals both her contribution to Abelard's ethical thought and the differences between her ethical concerns and his. In her letters, Heloise focuses on the innate moral qualities of the inner person or animus. Hypocrisy—the misrepresentation of the inner person through false outer appearance, exemplified by the potentially deceitful religious habit or habitus—is a matter of great moral concern to her. When Abelard responds to Heloise's ideas, first in his letters to her and later in his Collationes and Scito te ipsum, he turns the discussion away from her original interests. He transforms her metaphor of the habitus as false appearance into a discussion of another type of habitus, the habitual process of acquiring virtue, and integrates her focus on the animus into his developing ideas about sin as intention. Examining the differences between Heloise's ethical thought and Abelard's allows us to appreciate the distinct contributions of both.
Lorenzo Valla and Quattrocento Scepticism
Authors: Nauta Lodi 
Published: December 2006

AbstractLorenzo Valla (1406-1457) has often been considered to be a sceptic. Equipped with an extremely polemical and critical mind, his whole oeuvre seemed to aim at undermining received philosophical and theological dogmas. More specifically he has been associated with the burgeoning interests in ancient scepticism in the fifteenth century. In this article the arguments in support of this interpretation will be critically examined and evaluated. Based on a discussion of two of his major works, De vero bono and the Dialectica, it will be shown that Valla was not a sceptic. Even though the first work betrays the techniques of the Academy as employed by Cicero, the appropriation of these strategies served an agenda which can hardly be called 'sceptical'. The second work contains his reform of Aristotelian dialectic, which seems to testify to a sceptical interest in arguments which rely on verisimilitude and dubious validity such as sorites and paradox. But rather than reflecting an endorsement of Academic scepticism, this work, on closer reading, shows Valla to be highly critical on such arguments. This raises the question of how scepticism is related to rhetoric. Their similarities and differences will be discussed in the final section: Valla the Christian orator was no proponent of doubt, uncertainty and a suspension of judgement, even though at times he used strategies derived from Academic scepticism.
The Madness of Non-Conformity: Woman versus society in the fiction of Salwā Bakr
Authors: El-Enany Rasheed 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThis article provides an overview of the achievement of the Egyptian fiction writer, Salwā Bakr (b. 1949). All her works, from her first collection of short stories, Zīnāt fī Janāzat al-Ra'īs (Zinat in the President's Funeral, 1986), to her novel Kūkū Sūdān Kibāshī (2004) are examined. The article will serve as a systematic and comprehensive introduction for her development, her intellectual preoccupations and their artistic representations. The overlap of politics proper and gender politics in her work is highlighted in her portrayal of the status of women in Egyptian society, as is her attempt at contextualising the freedom of women as part of the freedom of society at large from repressive rule and the outmoded conventions of a patriarchal culture.
Patients' Rights in the Republic of Croatia
Authors: Babić-Bosanac Sanja , Dzakula Aleksandar 
Published: December 2006

AbstractAs one of the first transition countries in Central and Southeast Europe, the Republic of Croatia, through comprehensive health service legislation, has made a significant step forward in aligning its standards in the protection of patients' right to those that exist in the developed western democracies. However, the legislation on patients' rights is still not having any significant effect on improving the position of patients in the health system.In this paper, the emphasis is on presenting the legal solutions from the recent Act on the Protection of Patients' Rights, including an analysis of the causes of the existing discrepancy between the legal standards and the actual position of patients in Croatia.
Natural history and early diagnosis of LAD-1/variant syndrome
Authors: Kuijpers Taco W. , Bruggen Robin van , Kamerbeek Nanne , Tool Anton T. J. , Hicsonmez Gonul , Gurgey Aytemiz , Karow Axel , Verhoeven Arthur J. , Seeger Karl , Sanal Özden , Niemeyer Charlotte , Roos Dirk 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe syndrome of leukocyte adhesion deficiency (LAD) combined with a severe Glanzmann-type bleeding disorder has been recognized as a separate disease entity. The variability in clinical and cell biological terms has remained largely unclear. We present data on 9 cases from 7 unrelated families, with 3 patients being actively followed for more than 12 years. The disease entity, designated LAD-1/variant syndrome, presents early in life and consists of nonpussing infections from bacterial and fungal origin, as well as a severe bleeding tendency. This is compatible with 2 major blood cell types contributing to the clinical symptoms (ie, granulocytes and platelets). In granulocytes of the patients, we found adhesion and chemotaxis defects, as well as a defect in NADPH oxidase activity triggered by unopsonized zymosan. This last test can be used as a screening test for the syndrome. Many proteins and genes involved in adhesion and signaling, including small GTPases such as Rap1 and Rap2 as well as the major Rap activity-regulating molecules, were normally present. Moreover, Rap1 activation was intact in patients' blood cells. Defining the primary defect awaits genetic linkage analysis, which may be greatly helped by a more precise understanding and awareness of the disease combined with the early identification of affected patients.
Tear secretion dysfunction among women workers engaged in light-on tests in the TFT-LCD industry
Authors: Su Shih-Bin , Lu Chih-Wei , Sheen Jiunn-Woei , Kuo Shu-Chun , Guo How-Ran 
Published: December 2006

Abstract

Background
The TFT-LCD (thin film transistor liquid crystal display) industry is rapidly growing in Taiwan and many other countries. A large number of workers, mainly women, are employed in the light-on test process to detect the defects of products. At the light-on test workstation, the operator is generally exposed to low humidity (in the clean room environment), flashing light, and low ambient illumination for long working hours. Many workers complained about eye discomfort, and therefore we conducted a study to evaluate the tear secretion function of light-on test workers of a TFT-LCD company.

Methods
We recruited workers engaged in light-on tests in the company during their periodical health examination. In addition to a questionnaire survey of demographic characteristics and ophthalmic symptoms, we evaluated the tear secretion function of both eyes of each participant using the Schirmer's lacrimal basal secretion test with anaesthesia. A participant with one or both eyes yielding abnormal test results was defined as a case of tear secretion dysfunction.

Results
During the study period, a total of 371 light-on test workers received the health examination at the clinic of the park, and 52 of them were excluded due to having ophthalmic diseases and other systemic diseases that may affect ophthalmic function. All the remaining 319 qualified workers agreed to participate in this study, and they were all females working by 4-shift rotations. The average age was 24.2 years old (standard deviation [SD] = 3.8), and the average employment duration was 13.6 months (SD = 5.7). Among the 11 ophthalmic symptoms evaluated, eye dryness was the most prevalent (prevalence = 43.3%). In addition, the prevalence of tear secretion dysfunction in at least one eye was 40.1% (128 cases), and contact lens users had an odds ratio of 1.73 (95% confidence interval = 1.02–2.94) in comparison with non-contact lens users. Comparing the Schirmer's test results of those who also participated in the screening in the previous year, we found 40 of the 156 participants (17.2%) with normal test results in the previous year turned abnormal in 2001. In contrast, only 21 of the 76 participants (9.1%) with abnormal test results in the previous year turned normal, and the difference was statistically significant (p = 0.02 for McNemar's test).

Conclusion
The prevalence of tear secretion dysfunction in woman workers engaged in light-on tests is high and increases with a one-year duration of employment. The use of contact lens may further increase the risk.
Parity and breast cancer risk among BRCA1 and BRCA2mutation carriers
Authors: Antoniou Antonis C , Shenton Andrew , Maher Eamonn R , Watson Emma , Woodward Emma , Lalloo Fiona , Easton Douglas F , Evans D Gareth 
Published: December 2006

Abstract
Introduction
Increasing parity and age at first full-term pregnancy are established risk factors for breast cancer in the general population. However, their effects among BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers is still under debate. We used retrospective data on BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers from the UK to assess the effects of parity-related variables on breast cancer risk.

Methods
The data set included 457 mutation carriers who developed breast cancer (cases) and 332 healthy mutation carriers (controls), ascertained through families seen in genetic clinics. Hazard ratios were estimated by using a weighted cohort approach.

Results
Parous BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers were at a significantly lower risk of developing breast cancer (hazard ratio 0.54, 95% confidence interval 0.37 to 0.81; p = 0.002). The protective effect was observed only among carriers who were older than 40 years. Increasing age at first live birth was associated with an increased breast cancer risk among BRCA2 mutation carriers (p trend = 0.002) but not BRCA1 carriers. However, the analysis by age at first live birth was based on small numbers.

Conclusion
The results suggest that the relative risks of breast cancer associated with parity among BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers may be similar to those in the general population and that reproductive history may be used to improve risk prediction in carriers.
The uncertain future of the community college workforce development mission
Authors: Jacobs James , Dougherty Kevin J. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThis chapter describes the evolution of the workforce development mission and its current crisis in the face of changing training demands, shriveling government support, and rising competition. Two alternative future paths are outlined: a baccalaureate degree‐oriented new vocationalism and a renewed emphasis on serving the training needs of low‐income adults.
The prevalence of eating disorders not otherwise specified
Authors: Machado Paulo P.P. , Machado Barbara C. , Gonçalves Sónia , Hoek Hans W. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractObjective:Eating Disorders Not Otherwise Specified (EDNOS) represent the most common eating disorder diagnosed in specialized treatment settings. The purpose of the current study is to assess the prevalence of EDNOS in a nationwide community sample.Method:Participants were 2,028 female students, aged 12–23, attending public schools in the 9th to 12th grades in Portugal. Participants completed the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire in Stage 1 of the study. In Stage 2, we selected all the participants who met any of these criteria: (1) BMI ≤17.5, (2) scores ≥4 on any of the four EDE‐Q Subscales, (3) a total EDE‐Q score ≥4, or (4) the presence of dysfunctional eating behaviors. In Stage 2, eating disorder experts interviewed 901 participants using the Eating Disorder Examination.Results:The prevalence of all eating disorders was 3.06% among young females. Prevalence for anorexia nervosa was 0.39%, for bulimia nervosa 0.30%, EDNOS 2.37%.Conclusion:EDNOS is a very common eating disorder and accounts for three‐quarters of all community cases with eating disorders. © 2006 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2007
Psychotherapy in light of internal multiplicity
Authors: Dimaggio Giancarlo , Stiles William B. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe view that the self has multiple parts and that these appear in people seeking psychotherapy—and people conducting psychotherapy—is shared by clinicians of various orientations and supported by psychological research. It is useful for clinicians to think of patients as multifaceted and pay attention to the changes between facets that occur during therapy. They can thus help hidden parts to surface, facilitate dialogue between parts not in contact with each other, and convince excessively dominant or oppressive parts to make room for other adaptive facets. The authors contributing to this issue of Journal of Clinical Psychology: In Session describe, from their different theoretical perspectives, how they deal with patients' and therapists' inner multiplicity in clinical practice. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol: In Session 63: 119–127, 2007.
The dialogical self in psychotherapy for persons with schizophrenia: A case study
Authors: Lysaker Paul H. , Hermans Hubert J. M. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractSchizophrenia often involves a profound experience of one's identity as diminished, which complicates adaptation to the demands of daily life. Within a backdrop of dialogical self‐theory, we provide a report of an individual psychotherapy over the course of 4 years that assisted a patient suffering from schizophrenia to move from a state in which few aspects of self were available for internal or external conversation to one in which there was greater accessibility of multiple aspects of self, leading to richer dialogues, improved function, and a better quality of life. It is suggested a primary intervention of the therapist was continuously to offer the client a view of himself that invited him to experience himself in a plausible manner shared with and listened to by another. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol: In Session 63: 129–139, 2007.
Reaching the covert, fragile side of patients: The case of narcissistic personality disorder
Authors: Nicolò Giuseppe , Carcione Antonino , Semerari Antonio , Dimaggio Giancarlo 
Published: December 2006

AbstractA multifaceted self allows selection of those sides that are most suited to a situation and an interpersonal context, thus improving adaptation. Patients suffering from personality disorders display a limited range of self‐aspects, and their relationships are stereotyped and maladaptive. Another problem is that some of these sides scarcely reach consciousness and usually remain in the background. In the case of narcissistic personality disorder (NPD) the self‐part that is fragile is unlikely to reach consciousness, so that people suffering from this disorder are impervious and detached. We present a case of a psychotherapist working with a woman suffering from NPD by facilitating the emergence of the fragile part of her self, hidden by angry and scornful characters. We demonstrate, moreover, how reaching such a self‐part is associated with an improvement in the patient's interpersonal relationships outside the consulting room. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol: In Session 63: 141–152, 2007.
Internal multiplicity in emotion‐focused psychotherapy
Authors: Smith Kathleen W. , Greenberg Leslie S. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractEmotion‐focused therapy regards the client's problems as indications that the inner dialogue among voices of the self has become fractious, often because one or more voices have developed emotion schemes that are based on maladaptive emotions. The goal of therapy is to transform such maladaptive emotions into more adaptive ones. The therapist's interventions focus on facilitating the client's process of dialogue among the voices of the self and guiding the client toward experiencing of adaptive emotions. These new experiences contribute to a dynamic shift in the relation among the voices. A case study illustrates how a male client's rage and hopelessness transformed into assertiveness and tenderness as the various voices learned to respect and help each other within the self. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol: In Session 63: 175–186, 2007.
Primary Hyperaldosteronism Secondary to Unilateral Adrenal Hyperplasia: an Unusual Cause of Surgically Correctable Hypertension. A review of 30 cases
Authors: Goh Brian K. P. , Tan Yeh‐Hong , Chang Kenneth T. E. , Eng Peter H. K. , Yip Sidney K. H. , Cheng Christopher W. S. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractIntroductionUnilateral adrenal hyperplasia (UAH) is a rare, surgically correctable cause of primary hyperaldosteronism (PH). We report 2 cases and review the literature for cases of PH secondary to UAH successfully treated via surgery.MethodsTwo cases of UAH treated at our institution were retrospectively reviewed. In addition, we reviewed 28 cases of UAH previously reported in the English literature.ResultsMedian patient age was 49 (range: 10–62) years, with a male to female ratio of 1.7:1. All patients were hypertensive, with a median preoperative systolic and diastolic blood pressure of 170 (range: 135–250) mmHg and 110 (range: 75–140) mmHg, respectively. Most patients were hypokalemic, with a median serum potassium level of 2.8 (range: 1.4–3.9) mmol/l. Ten out of 13 patients (77%) who underwent postural studies had a decrease or no change in the plasma aldosterone level, suggesting a unilateral source of hyperaldosteronism, and 9/17 patients (53%) who underwent a computed tomography (CT) scan were correctly localized. Twelve patients underwent adrenal scintigraphy with or without dexamethasone suppression, of whom 6 (50%) were correctly localized. In 1 patient, adrenal scintigraphy demonstrated localization to the opposite gland. Adrenal venous sampling (AVS) was performed in 22 patients and successfully localized the lesion in all the patients. At a median follow‐up of 12 (range: 3–96) months postsurgery, 47% of patients (14/30) were completely cured of their hypertension and 50% (15/30) had improved control. All 30 patients were cured of hypokalemia.ConclusionAlthough the existence of UAH remains controversial, it is increasingly accepted as a unique pathologic entity and has an excellent outcome after unilateral adrenalectomy.
Impact of Tumor Spread to the Cystic Duct on the Prognosis of Patients with Gallbladder Carcinoma
Authors: Nakata Takenari , Kobayashi Akira , Miwa Shiro , Soeda Junpei , Miyagawa Shinichi 
Published: December 2006

AbstractIntroductionThe importance of gallbladder carcinoma spread to the cystic duct has not yet been described. Although the cystic duct is contiguous with the gallbladder, it is located in the hepatoduodenal ligament and differs in structure from the gallbladder. The incidence and prognostic significance of cancer spread to the cystic duct in patients with gallbladder cancer is unclear.MethodsSurgical specimens from 42 patients who underwent resection for advanced gallbladder carcinoma were examined retrospectively.ResultsAltogether, 13 (31%) of the patients had cancer spread to the cystic duct. The incidences of perineural invasion, lymph node metastasis, and venous invasion were significantly higher in these patients than in the other 29 patients without cancer spread to the cystic duct (P = 0.027, 0.034, and 0.034, respectively). The 3‐ and 5‐year survival rates of these 13 patients were significantly lower than those of the other 29 patients (15.4% vs. 51.0% and 7.7% vs. 46.6%, respectively, P < 0.0001 each). Multivariate analysis using the Cox proportional hazard model identified positive cancer spread to the cystic duct and depth of invasion (beyond serosa) as significant independent indicators of a poor prognosis.ConclusionsCancer spread to the cystic duct is an indicator of poor prognosis in patients with gallbladder carcinoma. This may be due to the high incidence of concomitant perineural invasion and lymph node metastasis associated with cancer spread.
Parameter Predicting the Recurrence of Adhesive Small Bowel Obstruction in Patients Managed with a Long Tube
Authors: Sakakibara Takumi , Harada Akio , Ishikawa Tadao , Komatsu Yoshinao , Yaguchi Toyohisa , Kodera Yasuhiro , Nakao Akimasa 
Published: December 2006

AbstractIntroductionSome of our patients showed a recurrence of adhesive small bowel obstruction (ASBO) with nonoperative management. The aim of this study was to evaluate the parameters predicting the recurrence of ASBO in patients managed with a long tube.MethodsOf 234 patients with ASBO admitted from April 1998 to September 2002, a total of 91 who recovered with nonoperative management after long tube placement were enrolled in this retrospective clinical study. We divided them into two groups for follow‐up: the recurrence group and the no‐recurrence group. We compared baseline characteristics, the number of previous ASBO admissions, the number of abdominal operations, the interval from the onset of symptoms to long‐tube insertion, the duration of long‐tube placement, the type of the contrasted intestine through the long tube, the location of the long‐tube tip, and the drainage volume through the long tube between the two groups. We then examined the cumulative recurrence rate.ResultsA significant difference was found in the number of previous ASBO admissions, the duration of long‐tube placement (77 hours vs. 43 hours), the contrasted intestine through the long tube, and the location of the long‐tube tip. By multivariate analysis, the duration of long‐tube placement was an independent parameter predicting the recurrence of ASBO.ConclusionsThese results suggest that the duration of long‐tube placement might serve as a parameter for predicting recurrence of ASBO in patients managed with a long tube.
A reducing redox environment promotes C2C12 myogenesis: Implications for regeneration in aged muscle
Authors: Hansen Jason M. , Klass Markus , Harris Craig , Csete Marie 
Published: December 2006

AbstractIntracellular redox potential of skeletal muscle becomes progressively more oxidized with aging, negatively impacting regenerative ability. We examined the effects of oxidizing redox potential on terminal differentiation of cultured C2C12 myoblasts. Redox potentials were manipulated by changing the culture O2 environment, by free radical scavenging, or addition of H2O2. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was higher in 20% environmental O2 and in this condition, redox potential became progressively oxidized compared to cultures in 6% O2. Treatment with a ROS trapping agent (phenyl‐N‐tert‐butylnitrone, PBN) caused reducing redox potentials and enhanced C2C12 differentiation, while addition of 25 micromolar H2O2 to cells in 20% O2 dramatically slowed differentiation. Under these most oxidative conditions, quantitative PCR showed a significant decrease in myogenic basic helix—loop—helix transcription factor expression compared to cultures treated with PBN or grown in 6% O2. Thus, oxidative intracellular environments impair myoblast differentiation, while reducing environments favor myogenesis.