bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In vivo magnetic resonance imaging of iron oxide–labeled, arterially‐injected mesenchymal stem cells in kidneys of rats with acute ischemic kidney injury: Detection and monitoring at 3T
Authors: Ittrich Harald , Lange Claudia , Tögel Florian , Zander Axel R. , Dahnke Hannes , Westenfelder Christof , Adam Gerhard , Nolte‐Ernsting Claus 
Published: May 2007

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate MRI for a qualitative and quantitative in vivo tracking of intraaortal injected iron oxide–labeled mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) into rats with acute kidney injury (AKI).Materials and MethodsIn vitro MRI and R2* measurement of nonlabeled and superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO)‐labeled MSC (MSCSPIO) was performed in correlation to cellular iron content and cytological examination (Prussian blue, electron microscopy). In vivo MRI and R2* evaluation were performed before and after ischemic/reperfusion AKI (N = 14) and intraaortal injection of 1.5 × 106 MSCSPIO (N = 7), fetal calf serum (FCS) (medium, N = 6), and SPIO alone (N = 1) up to 14 days using a clinical 3T scanner. Signal to noise ratios (SNR), R2* of kidneys, liver, spleen, and bone marrow, renal function (creatinine [CREA], blood urea nitrogen [BUN]), and kidney volume were measured and tested for statistical significance (Student's t‐test, P < 0.05) in comparison histology (hematoxylin and eosin [H&E], Prussian blue, periodic acid‐Schiff [PAS], CD68).ResultsIn vitro, MSCSPIO showed a reduction of SNR and T2* with R2* ≈ number of MSCSPIO (R2 = 0.98). In vivo MSCSPIO administration resulted in a SNR decrease (35 ± 15%) and R2* increase (101 ± 18.3%) in renal cortex caused by MSCSPIO accumulation in contrast to control animals (P < 0.01). Liver, spleen, and bone marrow (MSCSPIO) showed a delayed SNR decline/R2* increase (P < 0.05) resulting from MSCSPIO migration. The increase of kidney volume and the decrease in renal function (P < 0.05) was reduced in MSC‐treated animals.ConclusionQualitative and quantitative in vivo cell‐tracking and monitoring of organ distribution of intraaortal injected MSCSPIO in AKI is feasible in MRI at 3T. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2007;25:1179–1191. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Black‐blood T2* technique for myocardial iron measurement in thalassemia
Authors: He Taigang , Gatehouse Peter D. , Kirk Paul , Tanner Mark A. , Smith Gillian C. , Keegan Jennifer , Mohiaddin Raad H. , Pennell Dudley J. , Firmin David N. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractPurposeTo compare the effectiveness and reproducibility of a new black‐blood sequence vs. a conventional bright‐blood gradient‐echo T2* sequence for myocardial iron overload measurement in thalassemia.Materials and MethodsTwenty thalassemia patients were studied. Black‐blood sequence images were acquired in diastole after a double inversion recovery (DIR) preparation pulse. Bright‐blood sequence images were acquired in both early systole and late diastole. The data were randomized and the T2* analysis was performed blindly by two independent observers.ResultsThe T2* values from the black‐blood sequence were comparable to those of the conventional bright‐blood sequence (25.7 ± 12.9 msec vs. 26.4 ± 14.2 msec in early systole, P = 0.44; and 25.2 ± 13.1 msec in late diastole, P = 0.41). The coefficient of variation (CV) for black‐blood image T2* analysis was 4.1% compared with 8.9% (early systole P = 0.03) and 7.8% (late diastole P = 0.05) for bright‐blood image analysis.ConclusionThe black‐blood T2* technique yields high‐contrast myocardial images, provides clearly depicted myocardial borders, and avoids blood signal contamination of the myocardium while yielding improvements in interobserver variability. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2007;25:1205–1209. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Staining methods for magnetic resonance microscopy of the rat fetus
Authors: Petiet Alexandra , Hedlund Laurence , Johnson G. Allan 
Published: May 2007

AbstractPurposeTo develop a magnetic resonance histology (MRH) staining and fixation method by immersion to enhance the signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) with a paramagnetic contrast agent permitting microscopic acquisition within a 3‐hour scan time.Materials and MethodsMethods were optimized for embryonic day 18.5 (E18.5) rat fetuses and imaging at 9.4T with an RF refocused spin‐echo pulse sequence (TR/TE = 75 msec/5.2 msec). Fixation/staining was performed by immersion in Bouin's fixative containing varied concentrations of ProHance (from 10:1 to 500:1 Bouin's:ProHance) and for varied immersion durations (up to 24 hours).ResultsThe results showed a significant change in T1 and T2 relaxation times as a function of concentration of contrast agent and immersion duration. As the contrast agent penetrated the tissues, T1 was reduced as desired (typically by 10×), but at the same time T2 was profoundly reduced (typically by 3×) due to both protein cross‐linking from the fixative and the high concentration of contrast agent. A systematic assessment of this staining protocol showed an increased SNR (by 5×) over that in unstained specimens.ConclusionThis staining protocol reduced scan time for very‐high‐resolution images (19.5 μm) to only 3 hours, making MRH a routine tool for evaluating fetal development. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2007;25:1192–1198. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Three‐dimensional gradient‐echo imaging for percutaneous MR‐guided laser therapy of liver metastasis
Authors: Puls Ralf , Stroszczynski Christian , Rosenberg Christian , Kuehn Jens‐Peter , Hegenscheid Katrin , Speck Ulrich , Stier Albrecht , Hosten Norbert 
Published: May 2007

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the use of three‐dimensional (3D) gradient‐echo (GRE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for percutaneous MR‐guided catheter placement for laser therapy of liver metastases.Materials and MethodsThirty‐four patients were included. A total of 122 MR‐guided percutaneous punctures of 67 liver metastases were performed on a 1.5T scanner (Symphony and Sonata; Siemens, Erlangen, Germany) using a 5.5F microcatheter system and titanium needle (Monocath; MeoMedical, Augsburg, Germany). In 88 of 122 procedures, a 2D fast low‐angle shot (FLASH) T1‐weighted GRE breath‐hold sequence was acquired in the axial plane and if necessary in a second plane. Sequences were acquired and reviewed using the panel in the control room. In 34 of 122 procedures a 3D FLASH T1‐weighted fat‐saturated GRE (volume‐interpolated breath‐hold examination (VIBE)) sequence was acquired in the axial plane only. Acquisition and 3D review were controlled under sterile conditions with a panel inside the examination room (Syngo; Siemens).ResultsThe 3D FLASH sequence significantly decreased the mean number of acquisitions needed to place the microcatheter with the titanium needle in the metastasis compared to interventions with the 2D FLASH sequence (2.9 ± 0.83 vs. 4.4 ± 1.63). With 2D FLASH imaging, acquisition in a second plane was necessary in 78 instances (20% of acquired 2D sequences) to ensure adequate positioning of the device during the procedure. The artifact caused by the titanium needle was smaller with the 3D FLASH sequence. The conspicuity of liver metastases and morphology (liver edge and vessels) was acceptable with both sequences. The 3D FLASH sequence improved differentiation when two to four titanium needles were inserted, due to smaller susceptibility artifacts caused by the needles.Conclusion3D GRE imaging with the capability to perform multiplanar reconstruction (MPR) shortens the procedure by reducing the number of sequences needed. Improved visibility of the titanium needles allows more precise insertion of multiple needles into the metastasis. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2007;25:1174–1178. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Genotypes and molecular epidemiology of human astroviruses in hospitalized children with acute gastroenteritis in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Authors: Victoria Matías , Carvalho‐Costa Filipe Aníbal , Heinemann Marcos Bryan , Leite José Paulo Gagliardi , Miagostovich Marize Pereira 
Published: May 2007

AbstractHuman astrovirus (HAstV) is an important pathogen that causes acute gastroenteritis mainly in children up to 5 years old worldwide. A total of 318 fecal samples were collected from January to December of 2004 from children with acute gastroenteritis hospitalized in Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil. The samples were obtained from three public hospitals and were previously investigated for the presence of rotavirus (RV) and enteric adenovirus (AdV). The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and molecular characterization of HAstV by reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) and partial sequencing of open reading frame 2 (ORF2). HAstV infections were detected in 43 (14%) of the samples, of which 19 (6%) were mixed infections with HAstV and RV. HAstV were identified in all age groups, with 85% of the cases occurring in children younger than 2 years old. HAstV infections were more prevalent from March to May. Diarrhea, vomiting, and fever were the main clinical manifestations observed in these infections. Partial capsid sequencing of 35 HAstV strains characterized 25 (71%) as genotype 1 (HAstV‐1), 6 (17%) HAstV‐2, 3 (9%) HAstV‐8, and 1 (3%) HAstV‐4. Based on the genetic variability, three lineages were observed between RJ HAstV‐1 strains. This study demonstrated the importance of HAstV infections causing acute infantile gastroenteritis in hospitalized children in RJ, Brazil. Molecular epidemiological surveillance is helpful for designing prevention strategies of HAstV transmission. J. Med. Virol. 79:939–944, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Review: hepatitis B immune globulin for prevention of hepatitis B infection
Authors: Zuckerman J.N. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractSpecific hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG) contains a high titer of antibody to hepatitis B surface antigens and provides immediate passive protection against infection with hepatitis B virus, after acute exposure to infection. It is now generally combined with active immunization with hepatitis B vaccine. The principal indications for administration of HBIG are: a single acute percutaneous exposure to hepatitis B virus (HBV); mucocutaneous exposure; unprotected sexual exposure; mother‐to‐infant transmission; prevention of re‐infection after liver transplantation; non‐responders to hepatitis B vaccine and immunosuppressed patients. J. Med. Virol. 79:919–921, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evolution of viral load and changes of polymerase and precore/core promoter sequences in lamivudine‐resistant hepatitis B virus during adefovir therapy
Authors: Chang U Im , Lee Young Chun , Wie Seong Heon , Jang Jeong Won , Bae Si Hyun , Choi Jong Young , Yang Jin Mo , Yoon Seung Kew , Sun Hee Sik 
Published: May 2007

AbstractAdefovir dipivoxil (ADV) has demonstrated clinical activity against both wild‐type and lamivudine‐resistant hepatitis B virus (HBV). We analyzed the evolution of viral load and the changes of polymerase and precore/core promoter sequences in lamivudine‐resistant virus during ADV therapy. The authors studied 14 patients who had breakthrough hepatitis after lamivudine therapy. Serial sera were obtained prior to adefovir administration and at 3, 6 and 12 months after ADV therapy. Nucleotide sequences of polymerase and the precore/core promoter from the hepatitis B virus were analyzed. The median serum HBV DNA decrease with adefovir treatment was 4.35 log10 copies/mL at 12 months. Tyrosine‐methionine‐aspartate‐aspartate (YMDD) mutants were found in 12 patients among the 14 patients with lamivudine resistance. The YMDD mutant viruses reversed to the wild‐type in 6 patients out of the 12 patients after 3–6 months of ADV after discontinuing lamivudine therapy. In the analysis of the nucleotide sequences of the precore/core promoter gene, core promoter mutants in 12 patients were replaced by wild‐type virus in three patients (25%), while precore mutants in four patients were replaced by the wild‐type in three patients (75%). The results demonstrate the patterns of polymerase and precore/core promoter mutations in lamivudine‐resistant hepatitis B viruses and the reversion from the mutant to the wild‐type in some patients. In addition, despite several mutations in the polymerase during ADV therapy, ADV effectively suppressed HBV replication without the emergence of resistant viral mutants. J. Med. Virol. 79:902–910, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Molecular epidemiology of acute hepatitis B in the Netherlands in 2004: nationwide survey
Authors: van Houdt R. , Bruisten S.M. , Koedijk F.D.H. , Dukers N.H.T.M. , Op de Coul E.L.M. , Mostert M.C. , Niesters H.G.M. , Richardus J.H. , de Man R.A. , van Doornum G.J.J. , van den Hoek J.A.R. , Coutinho R.A. , van de Laar M.J.W. , Boot H.J. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractTo gain insight into hepatitis B virus (HBV) transmission in the Netherlands, epidemiological data and sera were collected from reported cases of acute HBV infections in the Netherlands in 2004. Cases were classified according to mode of transmission. A fragment of the S‐gene of HBV (648 bp) was amplified, sequenced, and subjected to phylogenetic analysis. Of the 291 acute HBV cases reported in 2004, 158 (54%) were available for genotyping. Phylogenetic analysis identified 6 genotypes: A (64%), B (3%), C (3%), D (21%), E (5%) and F (5%). Of HBV infected men having sex with men, 86% were infected with genotype A, accounting for 43% of all patients infected with this genotype. There were only three reported cases of injecting drug use of which one was available for sequencing (genotype A). Unlike the genotype A cluster, sequences within the genotype B–E clusters were heterogenic. Within genotype F, several isolates had identical sequences, but patients could not be epidemiologically linked. Sexual transmission, particularly by men having sex with men was the most important transmission route for HBV. Injecting drug use plays a minor role. Genotype A is predominant in the Netherlands, especially among men having sex with men. In addition to imported strains, there seems to be a pool of related but non‐identical strains circulating among chronic carriers in the migrant population, from which occasionally new patients are infected, primarily by heterosexual transmission. J. Med. Virol. 79:895–901, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Human herpesvirus 6‐associated retrobulbar optic neuritis in an HIV‐infected patient: response to anti‐herpesvirus therapy and long‐term outcome
Authors: Méchaï Frédéric , Boutolleau David , Manceron Véronique , Gasnault Jacques , Quertainmont Yann , Brosseau Jean‐Paul , Delfraissy Jean‐François , Labetoulle Marc , Goujard Cécile 
Published: May 2007

AbstractLike other herpesviruses, human herpesvirus 6 (HHV‐6) can reactivate in immunocompromised patients. A case is described of an HIV‐1‐infected patient who developed bilateral retrobulbar optic neuritis associated with HHV‐6 infection. A 59‐year‐old woman, infected with HIV for 18 years, interrupted antiretroviral treatment because of therapeutic failure and severe metabolic complications. She presented subsequently with blurred vision and ophthalmological examination showed visual loss due to optic neuritis. Her CD4+ count was 285 cells/mm3 and her plasma HIV‐1 RNA level was 5.5 log10 copies (cp)/ml. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain was normal. HHV‐6 loads were 3.2 log cp/ml in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and 6.3 log cp/106 peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Combined intravenous treatment was started with foscarnet and ganciclovir then changed to cidofovir and long‐term valganciclovir. Her ocular condition improved gradually despite little decrease of the HHV‐6 load in the CSF. Salvage antiretroviral treatment was then administered, with marked immunological and virological responses, contributing to further progressive ocular improvement. HHV‐6‐related optic neuritis has not been described previously in HIV‐infected patients. Anti‐HHV‐6 treatment improved the patient's vision, but immune restoration seems to remain essential for long‐term recovery. J. Med. Virol. 79:931–934, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Anti‐retroviral drug resistance‐associated mutations among non‐subtype B HIV‐1‐infected Kenyan children with treatment failure
Authors: Lwembe Raphael , Ochieng Washingtone , Panikulam Annie , Mongoina Charles O. , Palakudy Tresa , Koizumi Yusuke , Kageyama Seiji , Yamamoto Naohiko , Shioda Tatsuo , Musoke Rachel , Owens Mary , Songok Elijah M. , Okoth Frederick A. , Ichimura Hiroshi 
Published: May 2007

AbstractRecently increased availability of anti‐retroviral therapy (ART) has mitigated HIV‐1/AIDS prognoses especially in resource poor settings. The emergence of ART resistance‐associated mutations from non‐suppressive ART has been implicated as a major cause of ART failure. Reverse transcriptase inhibitor (RTI)‐resistance mutations among 12 non‐subtype B HIV‐1‐infected children with treatment failure were evaluated by genotypically analyzing HIV‐1 strains isolated from plasma obtained between 2001 and 2004. A region of pol‐RT gene was amplified and at least five clones per sample were analyzed. Phylogenetic analysis revealed HIV‐1 subtype A1 (n = 7), subtype C (n = 1), subtype D (n = 3), and CRF02_AG (n = 1). Before treatment, 4 of 12 (33.3%) children had primary RTI‐resistance mutations, K103N (n = 3, ages 5–7 years) and Y181C (n = 1, age 1 year). In one child, K103N was found as a minor population (1/5 clones) before treatment and became major (7/7 clones) 8 months after RTI treatment. In 7 of 12 children, M184V appeared with one thymidine‐analogue‐associated mutation (TAM) as the first mutation, while the remaining 5 children had only TAMs appearing either individually (n = 2), or as TAMs 1 (M41L, L210W, and T215Y) and 2 (D67N, K70R, and K219Q/E/R) appearing together (n = 3). These results suggest that “vertically transmitted” primary RTI‐resistance mutations, K103N and Y181C, can persist over the years even in the absence of drug pressure and impact RTI treatment negatively, and that appearing patterns of RTI‐resistance mutations among non‐subtype B HIV‐1‐infected children could possibly be different from those reported in subtype B‐infected children. J. Med. Virol. 79:865–872, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Molecular evidence of father‐to‐child transmission of hepatitis B virus
Authors: Tajiri Hitoshi , Tanaka Yasuhito , Kagimoto Seiiti , Murakami Jun , Tokuhara Daisuke , Mizokami Masashi 
Published: May 2007

AbstractAt present in Japan, only high‐risk infants born to chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV)‐infected mothers are given HBV vaccine. However, children can contract the virus from other HBV‐infected family members, including fathers. The aim of this study is to present substantial and unequivocal evidence of father‐to‐child transmission of HBV infection using techniques including homology analysis and phylogenetic analysis. Thirteen chronic HBV‐infected members of five families that included eight children and their respective fathers were enrolled in this study. Homology analysis and phylogenetic analyses of 2 coding region, the S gene and X gene, from the HBV genome were performed comparing the 13 nucleotide sequences from the 13 subjects. The nucleotide homology among the five sets of fathers and children was quite high (99.3–100%). A phylogenetic tree constructed on the 13 nucleotide sequences showed that all 5 sets of fathers and children were grouped into the same cluster with high bootstrap values. These results strongly indicate that father‐to‐child transmission is an important route of HBV infection in Japan and it is recommend that universal vaccination against HBV infection be instituted immediately in Japan for all children, in accordance with the WHO recommendation of 1997. J. Med. Virol. 79:922–926, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Epidemiologic aspects and laboratory features of enterovirus infections in Western Germany, 2000–2005
Authors: Roth Bernhard , Enders Martin , Arents Annette , Pfitzner Artur , Terletskaia‐Ladwig Elena 
Published: May 2007

AbstractFrom 2000 to 2005, a total of 1,096 enterovirus infections were diagnosed either by isolation of virus from cell culture or by RT‐PCR (5′non‐coding region (NCR)). Typing of viruses (n = 674) was carried out by immunofluorescence with monoclonal antibodies, neutralization test or molecular methods. Seasons with high enterovirus activity were characterized by high prevalence of echovirus 30 (62.2% in 2000, 25.5% in 2001) and echovirus 13 (34.5% in 2001). In contrast, in the 2003 season, which had very low enterovirus activity, these types were rare. During this season, cell culture sensitivity (human colonic carcinoma cells and human embryonic lung fibroblasts (HEL)) was exceptionally low. In order to determine the type of “non‐cultivable” enteroviruses, purified RNA from selected stool samples was subjected to direct molecular typing. VP1/2A‐specific fragments were amplified by RT‐PCR, cloned and sequenced. The predominant virus identified was coxsackie A. Consequently, rhabdomyosarcom cells were introduced into the daily routine, which improved the isolation of enteroviruses. Echovirus 30 was again most commonly isolated during seasons 2004 and 2005 with increasing enterovirus activity. In conclusion, high prevalence of echovirus 30 and 13 is indicative of seasons with high enterovirus activity. The type of circulating enteroviruses may influence isolation of enterovirus from cell culture. RT‐PCR (VP1/2A) combined with cloning and sequencing of amplicons is a useful tool for viral typing directly from stool samples. In cases of severe enterovirus infection, virological diagnosis should not solely rely on virus isolation from cell culture. J. Med. Virol. 79:956‐962, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Brazilian P[8],G1, P[8],G5, P[8],G9, and P[4],G2 rotavirus strains: Nucleotide sequence and phylogenetic analysis
Authors: Araújo Irene Trigueiros , Assis Rosane M. Santos , Fialho Alexandre Madi , Mascarenhas Joana D'Arc P. , Heinemann Marcos Bryan , Leite José Paulo G. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractRotavirus epidemiological surveys with molecular analysis of strains are required for gastroenteritis control and prevention. Twenty‐nine human rotavirus strains detected in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 1986 to 2004 were characterized as P[8],G1, P[8],G5, P[8],G9, and P[4],G2 genotypes. The VP7 genes were sequenced and phylogenetic analysis was performed. Strains of genotype G1 revealed two distinct lineages, G1‐3 and G1‐4; strains of genotype G2 grouped in lineage G2‐1; G5 strains clustered with other Brazilians G5 strains and G9 strains were closely related to each other in lineage G9‐3, distinct from the original G9 strains detected in 1980s. The VP4 genes were analyzed and P[8] strains fell into two major genetic lineages, P[8]‐2 and P[8]‐3. Our findings document an intragenotype diversity represented by lineages and sublineages within rotavirus circulating in Rio de Janeiro from 1986 to 2004, before application of a vaccine (Rotarix®) in Brazil. This report emphasizes the importance of continuing monitor genotypes to verify if uncommon strains or newly strains are emerging to be specifically addressed in future vaccine trials. J. Med. Virol. 79:995‐1001, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.