bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Layer-by-Layer: Opportunities in 3D printing Technology trends, growth drivers and the emergence of innovative applications in 3D printing
Authors: Munoz Claudio , Kim Chris , Armstrong Lucas 
Published: March 2024

<p>Additive Manufacturing (AM) is a manufacturing process that deposits materials layer-by-layer to build a tangible product. The most common, and the most popular currently, is 3D printing. AM is claimed to have triggered a third industrial revolution because the technology presents new and expanding technical, economical and social impacts (Economist, 2012). Particularly, the increased accessibility to 3D printing capabilities has allowed mass customization to become more widespread in industries such as healthcare and consumer markets. Since the advent of mass production in the early 20th century, consumers’ demands have been met by producing large numbers of goods in significantly less time than ever before. While production time and price decreased, they did so at the expense of customization. AM makes it possible to offer customers options to personalize the products and goods they are purchasing, from custom-made prosthetics to a personalized smartphone case. The importance of customization cannot be understated. Researchers agree that customization will continue to grow as a major trend across industries. J.P. Gownder, vice president and principal analyst for infrastructure and operations professionals for Forrester, says that while “mass customization has long been the next big thing in product strategy … changes in customer-facing technology are opening up new opportunities for product strategists to bring customers into product design, creating both customer loyalty and higher margins” (Forrester, 2011, p. 12). Marina Wall of the Heinz Nixdorf Institute at the University of Paderborn also contends that, “individuality or mass customization are important trends driving change so increased product diversity is important for the future and for meeting individual customer requirements. AM has great potential for freedom of design that can cope with these challenges” (as cited in AM Platform, 2013, p. 29). 3D printing is expected to play a significant role in the future of mass customization. This report explores the potential impact that this technology may have in various sectors. Through secondary research and conversations with business analysts, investors, members of the 3D printing community, experts and entrepreneurs, we investigated some of the potential market opportunities the technology is unveiling. We also explore sources of capital and nascent business models for those innovators interested in capitalizing on this technology. As part of our investigation, we also profile some organizations involved with 3D printing or related markets. These entrepreneurs are actively and creatively pushing the limits of 3D technology. For the purposes of this document, the terms 3D printing and additive manufacturing will be used interchangeably. </p>
The Evolving Digital Utility: The convergence of energy and IT
Authors: Kim Chris 
Published: March 2024

<p>Information technology (IT) makes the smart grid possible. It is also a major driver of energy efficiency. As utilities work toward building smart grids with IT, they are turning to smart meters and advanced metering infrastructure as a key first step in adding intelligence to energy networks. The smart meter brings utilities into the home, where battle lines are being drawn as traditional home-based IT players (such as telecom and security companies) already have a foothold in this market. </p>
ENG 140: Personal Perspective
Authors: Dohal Gassim H. 
Published: March 2024

I was assigned to teach an English language course to students in one of the science colleges. The designated book is:
Step Forward: Language for Everyday Life 4 by Barbara R. Denman.
The first half of the book is the part required to be taught to first-level students. The book contains twelve units; the second half will be taught as a second English course to students in that college. Students have only two English courses in their program and this book is taught in both. This article will address some personal points I wrote while teaching the course in order to share them with my colleagues in the profession.
Exploration of the Utilization of "LAYAR" as a Means of Assessment of Dentistry Education during the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Prastiyani Nur HN , Pratiwi Alisa N 
Published: March 2024

Introduction: The pandemic of COVID-19 has impacted all areas of life, as well as in education. Learning and evaluation of learning (assessment) outcomes must be transformed into online methods. Faculty of Dentistry Universitas YARSI used YARSI e-learning (LAYAR) as the most widely used media in the assessment of distance learning outcomes. Objective: This study aimed to explore the learners' perceptions related to the experience of using LAYAR as an assessment media during distance learning period at Faculty of Dentistry Universitas YARSI. Material and Methods: The study used a qualitative method with a phenomenological approach. Data collection was conducted through FGD (Focus Group Discussion) with academic and clinical stage students. The results of FGDs were written in the form of verbatim transcripts and then thematic analysis was carried out. Results: FGDs were conducted with 2 groups of academic stage students consisting of 8 students each and 1 group of clinical stage students consisting of 8 students. Three main themes were identified: the utilization of LAYAR, the assessment method used during distance learning through LAYAR, and the constraints of using LAYAR in the assessment. Conclusion: The use of LAYAR as an assessment media is considered quite user friendly but the limitation of the range of questions needs to be reviewed. The clinical stage students feel that the utilization of LAYAR was still insufficient. In addition, it was necessary to further utilize LAYAR for formative assessments that can further help students' understanding of learning.
Effect of 100% Chamomile Extract on The Number of Staphylococcus Aureus Bacterial Colonies in Orthodontic Bracket (In Vitro Study)
Authors: Prasetyadi Tjokro , Deviyanti Sinta , Maharani Karlina Rahma 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background: Fixed orthodontic appliances in malocclusion treatment consist of several components. Bracket components in fixed orthodontic appliances cause side effects such as gingivitis due to retention of Staphylococcus aureus bacterial plaque. Chamomile flower extract contains antibacterial compounds, α-bisabolol. Objective: To analyze 100% chamomile extract effectiveness of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria colonies in orthodontic bracket. Methods: This study using post test only control group design. Chamomile extract procure from percolation methods. Eighteen orthodontic brackets were divided into three groups, soaked in artificial saliva for 1 hour, contaminated with Staphylococcus aereus, then immersed in 100% chamomile flower extract solution, 0,2% chlorhexidine (positive control), and aquadest (negative control) for 30 minutes. Total of 0,1 ml of multilevel serial dilution from three different groups was dripped and streaked onto Brain heart infusion agar, incubated for 24 hours at 37oC for further colony counting tests. Results: S. aureus bacteria colonies in orthodontic bracket group with 100% chamomile flower extract solution was not significantly different from 0,2% chlorhexidine group (p>0,05), but significantly lower than aquadest group (p<0,05). Conclusion: The 100% chamomile extract solution as effective as Chlorhexidine 0,2% in reducing number of Staphylococcus aureus colonies in orthodontic braket.
Keywords: Staphylococcus aureus, the 100% chamomile extract, Chlorhexidine 0,2%, orthodontic brackets.
Mengasah Keterampilan Berbicara Bahasa Inggris Menggunakan Small Group Discussions Pada Siswa Smp Negeri 16 Kabupaten Sorong
Authors: Hartanti Rezkiah , Wael Ahmad , Hasanudin Hasanudin , Uluelang Kris , Hasyim Ruslan 
Published: March 2024

Berbicara merupakan keterampilan yang sangat dibutuhkan dalam mempelajari bahasa. Maka, setiap pembelajar bahasa harus bisa berbicara dengan baik dan benar sesuai dengan struktur tata bahasa yang dipelajari. Pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk mengasah keterampilan berbicara siswa menggunakan small group discussions (SGD). Pengabdian ini dilakukan di SMP Negeri 16 Kabupaten Sorong dengan menggunakan metode pendampingan. Peserta yang terlibat dalam pengabdian ini adalah siswa-siswi kelas XI yang berjumlah 25 siswa-siswi dengan 5 instruktur. Dalam pelaksanaan pendampingan, peserta dibagi menjadi 5 kelompok dan setiap kelompok terdiri dari 5 siswa. Hasil pencapaian peserta adalah 79,5%, dapat dikategorikan biak kemampuan peserta dalam menjawab pertanyaan. Disamping itu, guru yang mengampuh mata pelajaran bahasa Inggris juga turut serta dalam proses pendampingan yang dilakukan kepada siswa-siswi.
Characteristics of pulmonary artery strain assessed by cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging and associations with metabolomic pathways in human ageing
Authors: Zhang Hongzhou , Leng Shuang , Gao Fei , Kovalik Jean-Paul , Wee Hai Ning , Chua Kee Voon , Ching Jianhong , Allen John C. , Zhao Xiaodan , Tan Ru-San , Wu Qinghua , Leiner Tim , Koh Angela S. , Zhong Liang 
Published: March 2024

BackgroundPulmonary artery (PA) strain is associated with structural and functional alterations of the vessel and is an independent predictor of cardiovascular events. The relationship of PA strain to metabolomics in participants without cardiovascular disease is unknown.MethodsIn the current study, community-based older adults, without known cardiovascular disease, underwent simultaneous cine cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging, clinical examination, and serum sampling. PA global longitudinal strain (GLS) analysis was performed by tracking the change in distance from the PA bifurcation to the pulmonary annular centroid, using standard cine CMR images. Circulating metabolites were measured by cross-sectional targeted metabolomics analysis.ResultsAmong n = 170 adults (mean age 71 ± 6.3 years old; 79 women), mean values of PA GLS were 16.2 ± 4.4%. PA GLS was significantly associated with age (β = −0.13, P = 0.017), heart rate (β = −0.08, P = 0.001), dyslipidemia (β = −2.37, P = 0.005), and cardiovascular risk factors (β = −2.49, P = 0.001). Alanine (β = −0.007, P = 0.01) and proline (β = −0.0009, P = 0.042) were significantly associated with PA GLS after adjustment for clinical risk factors. Medium and long-chain acylcarnitines were significantly associated with PA GLS (C12, P = 0.027; C12-OH/C10-DC, P = 0.018; C14:2, P = 0.036; C14:1, P = 0.006; C14, P = 0.006; C14-OH/C12-DC, P = 0.027; C16:3, P = 0.019; C16:2, P = 0.006; C16:1, P = 0.001; C16:2-OH, P = 0.016; C16:1-OH/C14:1-DC, P = 0.028; C18:1-OH/C16:1-DC, P = 0.032).ConclusionBy conventional CMR, PA GLS was associated with aging and vascular risk factors among a contemporary cohort of older adults. Metabolic pathways involved in PA stiffness may include gluconeogenesis, collagen synthesis, and fatty acid oxidation.
Effect of maternal serum albumin level on birthweight and gestational age: an analysis of 39200 singleton newborns
Authors: Wu Jiayi , Liu Xiaorui , Qin Chuanmei , Zhang Jinwen , Liu Xueqing , Hu Jianing , Wu Fan , Chen Cailian , Lin Yi 
Published: March 2024

BackgroundSerum albumin plays a pivotal role in regulating plasma oncotic pressure and modulating fluid distribution among various body compartments. Previous research examining the association between maternal serum albumin levels and fetal growth yielded limited and inconclusive findings. Therefore, the specific influence of serum albumin on fetal growth remains poorly understood and warrants further investigation.MethodsA retrospective study involved 39200 women who had a singleton live birth at a tertiary-care academic medical center during the period from January 2017 to December 2020. Women were categorized into four groups according to the quartile of albumin concentration during early pregnancy: Q1 group, ≤41.0 g/L; Q2 group, 41.1-42.6 g/L; Q3 group, 42.7-44.3 g/L and Q4 group, &gt;44.3 g/L. The main outcome measures were mid-term estimated fetal weight, birthweight and gestational age. Multivariate linear and logistic regression analysis were performed to detect the independent effect of maternal serum albumin level on fetal growth after adjusting for important confounding variables.ResultsIn the crude analysis, a significant inverse correlation was found between early pregnancy maternal serum albumin levels and fetal growth status, including mid-term ultrasound measurements, mid-term estimated fetal weight, birthweight, and gestational age. After adjustment for a number of confounding factors, mid-term estimated fetal weight, birthweight, and birth height decreased significantly with increasing albumin levels. Compared to the Q2 group, the Q4 group had higher rates of preterm birth (aOR, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.01–1.34), small-for-gestational-age (aOR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.11–1.45) and low birthweight (aOR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.18–1.69), and lower rate of large-for-gestational-age (aOR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.78–0.94). Moreover, to achieve the optimal neonatal outcome, women with higher early pregnancy albumin levels required a greater reduction in albumin levels in later pregnancy stages.ConclusionsA higher maternal serum albumin level during early pregnancy was associated with poor fetal growth, with the detrimental effects becoming apparent as early as the mid-gestation period. These findings provided vital information for clinicians to predict fetal growth status and identify cases with a high risk of adverse neonatal outcomes early on.
Reprogramming of the developing heart by Hif1a-deficient sympathetic system and maternal diabetes exposure
Authors: Kolesova Hana , Hrabalova Petra , Bohuslavova Romana , Abaffy Pavel , Fabriciova Valeria , Sedmera David , Pavlinkova Gabriela 
Published: March 2024

IntroductionMaternal diabetes is a recognized risk factor for both short-term and long-term complications in offspring. Beyond the direct teratogenicity of maternal diabetes, the intrauterine environment can influence the offspring’s cardiovascular health. Abnormalities in the cardiac sympathetic system are implicated in conditions such as sudden infant death syndrome, cardiac arrhythmic death, heart failure, and certain congenital heart defects in children from diabetic pregnancies. However, the mechanisms by which maternal diabetes affects the development of the cardiac sympathetic system and, consequently, heightens health risks and predisposes to cardiovascular disease remain poorly understood.Methods and resultsIn the mouse model, we performed a comprehensive analysis of the combined impact of a Hif1a-deficient sympathetic system and the maternal diabetes environment on both heart development and the formation of the cardiac sympathetic system. The synergic negative effect of exposure to maternal diabetes and Hif1a deficiency resulted in the most pronounced deficit in cardiac sympathetic innervation and the development of the adrenal medulla. Abnormalities in the cardiac sympathetic system were accompanied by a smaller heart, reduced ventricular wall thickness, and dilated subepicardial veins and coronary arteries in the myocardium, along with anomalies in the branching and connections of the main coronary arteries. Transcriptional profiling by RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) revealed significant transcriptome changes in Hif1a-deficient sympathetic neurons, primarily associated with cell cycle regulation, proliferation, and mitosis, explaining the shrinkage of the sympathetic neuron population. DiscussionOur data demonstrate that a failure to adequately activate the HIF-1α regulatory pathway, particularly in the context of maternal diabetes, may contribute to abnormalities in the cardiac sympathetic system. In conclusion, our findings indicate that the interplay between deficiencies in the cardiac sympathetic system and subtle structural alternations in the vasculature, microvasculature, and myocardium during heart development not only increases the risk of cardiovascular disease but also diminishes the adaptability to the stress associated with the transition to extrauterine life, thus increasing the risk of neonatal death.
The association between interdigital pilonidal sinus and animal groomers is a historical narrative correlation and not a true occupational hazard
Authors: Al Shenawi Hamdi , Yaghan Rami , Al Saad Suhair , Binayfan Ziyad M. , Mohamed Yaqoob Y. , Alnasser Mansour M. , Al Shenawi Fatima , Yaghan Lamees , Almarabheh Amer , Alshammari Abdulrahman , Al Shenawi Noor , Naguib Yahya M. 
Published: March 2024

IntroductionPilonidal sinus (PNS) is a small hole or “tunnel” in the skin that frequently occurs in the sacrococcygeal region. Nevertheless, PNS has been reported to occur between the fingers (interdigital) in barbers, hairdressers, and animal groomers. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of interdigital PNS among animal handlers in Bahrain and to treat any patients encountered.MethodsThis is a cross-sectional study with convenience sampling from November 2020 to October 2021. The study participants were animal handlers from stables, veterinary, and pet shops in Bahrain. There were 43 males and 7 females with direct animal contact. 86% of the study population were handling horses, and 15% were handling different types of animals.ResultsNo positive cases of interdigital PNS among participants were found, this might reflect the positive impact of good personal hygiene among our study population. Our study shows that groomers in Bahrain frequently wash their hands after handling animals, and 98% have a daily habit of bathing after work. It was also estimated that 60% of the participants use gloves to handle animals themselves or their waste.DiscussionThis could be the first study looking at the prevalence of interdigital PNS in animal groomers worldwide. The absence of any case report of interdigital PNS among animal groomers in the recent literature strengthens our assumption that the association between interdigital PNS and hair grooming could be a narrative coincidence rather than a true occupational hazard. The present work may help in better understanding of occupation-disease association, and highlights the importance of mass screening of animal handlers for occupation-dependent health problems.
Establishment and analysis of artificial neural network diagnosis model for coagulation-related molecular subgroups in coronary artery disease
Authors: Zheng Biwei , Li Yujing , Xiong Guoliang 
Published: March 2024

Background: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the most common type of cardiovascular disease and cause significant morbidity and mortality. Abnormal coagulation cascade is one of the high-risk factors in CAD patients, but the molecular mechanism of coagulation in CAD is still limited.Methods: We clustered and categorized 352 CAD paitents based on the expression patterns of coagulation-related genes (CRGs), and then we explored the molecular and immunological variations across the subgroups to reveal the underlying biological characteristics of CAD patients. The feature genes between CRG-subgroups were further identified using a random forest model (RF) and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression, and an artificial neural network prediction model was constructed.Results: CAD patients could be divided into the C1 and C2 CRG-subgroups, with the C1 subgroup highly enriched in immune-related signaling pathways. The differential expressed genes between the two CRG-subgroups (DE-CRGs) were primarily enriched in signaling pathways connected to signal transduction and energy metabolism. Subsequently, 10 feature DE-CRGs were identified by RF and LASSO. We constructed a novel artificial neural network model using these 10 genes and evaluated and validated its diagnostic performance on a public dataset.Conclusion: Diverse molecular subgroups of CAD patients may each have a unique gene expression pattern. We may identify subgroups using a few feature genes, providing a theoretical basis for the precise treatment of CAD patients with different molecular subgroups.
Immune-mediated diseases are associated with a higher risk of ALS incidence: a prospective cohort study from the UK Biobank
Authors: Cao Wen , Cao Zhi , Tang Lu , Xu Chenjie , Fan Dongsheng 
Published: March 2024

ObjectiveThe occurrence of immune-mediated diseases (IMDs) in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients is widely reported. However, whether IMDs and ALS is a simple coexistence or if there exists causal relationships between the two has been a subject of great interest to researchers.MethodsA total of 454,444 participants from the prospective cohort of UK Biobank were recruited to investigate the longitudinal association between IMDs and ALS. Previously any IMDs and organ specific IMDs were analyzed in relation to the following incident ALS by Cox-proportional hazard models. Subgroup analyses were performed to explore the covariates of these relationships.ResultsAfter adjusting for potential covariates, the multivariate analysis showed that any IMDs were associated with an increased risk of ALS incidence (HR:1.42, 95%CI:1.03-1.94). IMDs of the endocrine-system and the intestinal-system were associated with increased risk of ALS incidence (endocrine-system IMDs: HR:3.01, 95%CI:1.49-6.06; intestinal system IMDs: HR:2.07, 95%CI: 1.14-3.77). Subgroup analyses revealed that immune burden, including IMD duration and the severity of inflammation had specific effects on the IMD-ALS association. In participants with IMD duration≥10 years or CRP≥1.3mg/L or females, previous IMDs increased the risk of incident ALS; however, in participants with IMD duration &lt;10 years or CRP&lt;1.3mg/L or males, IMDs had no effect on incident ALS.InterpretationOur study provides evidence that previous any IMDs and endocrine-system and the intestinal-system specific IMDs are associated with an increased risk of developing ALS in females, but not in males.
Electrophysiological correlates of temporal numerosity adaptation
Authors: Grasso Paolo A. , Petrizzo Irene , Coniglio Francesca , Arrighi Roberto 
Published: March 2024

IntroductionMuch research has revealed the human visual system is capable to estimate numerical quantities, rapidly and reliably, in both the spatial and the temporal domain. This ability is highly susceptible to short-term plastic phenomena related to previous exposure to visual numerical information (i.e., adaptation). However, while determinants of spatial numerosity adaptation have been widely investigated, little is known about the neural underpinnings of short-term plastic phenomena related to the encoding of temporal numerical information. In the present study we investigated the electrophysiological correlates of temporal numerosity adaptation.MethodsParticipants were asked to estimate the numerosity of a test sequence of flashes after being exposed to either a high or low numerous adapting sequence. Behavioral results confirmed the expected underestimation of test stimulus when this was preceded by a high numerous sequence as compared to when preceded by a low numerous sequence.ResultsElectrophysiological data revealed that this behavior was tightly linked to the amplitude of the steady-state visual evoked (ssVEP) response elicited by the test stimulus. When preceded by a high numerous sequence, the test stimulus elicited larger ssVEP responses as compared to when preceded by a low numerous sequence with this pattern being robustly correlated with behavior. Finally, topographical maps showed that this difference was mostly evident across two antero-posterior distributed clusters of electrodes and correlated with changes in functional connectivity.DiscussionTaken together, our results suggest that visual plastic phenomena related to the encoding of temporal numerosity information reflect changes in rhythmic evoked activity that are likely related to long range communications between distinct brain regions.