bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sodium/calcium exchanger expression in the mouse and rat olfactory systems
Authors: Pyrski Martina , Koo Jae Hyung , Polumuri Swamy K. , Ruknudin Abdul M. , Margolis Joyce W. , Schulze Dan H. , Margolis Frank L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSodium/calcium (Na+/Ca2+) exchangers are membrane transport systems that regulate Ca2+‐homeostasis in many eukaryotic cells. In olfactory and vomeronasal sensory neurons ligand‐induced olfactory signal transduction is associated with influx and elevation of intracellular Ca2+, [Ca2+]i. While much effort has been devoted to the characterization of Ca2+‐related excitation and adaptation events of olfactory chemosensory neurons (OSNs), much less is known about mechanisms that return [Ca2+]i to the resting state. To identify proteins participating in the poststimulus Ca2+‐clearance of mouse OSNs, we analyzed the expression of three potassium (K+)‐independent (NCX1, 2, 3) and three K+‐dependent (NCKX1, 2, 3) Na+/Ca2+ exchangers. In situ hybridization showed that mRNAs of all six Na+/Ca2+ exchangers coexist in neurons of the olfactory and vomeronasal systems, and that some are already detectable in the embryo. Of these, NCX1 and NCKX1 represent the most and least abundant mRNAs, respectively. Moreover, immunohistochemistry revealed that the NCX1, 2, and 3 proteins are expressed in nearly all neurons of the olfactory epithelium, the vomeronasal organ, the septal organ of Masera, and the Grueneberg ganglion. These three exchanger proteins display different expression profiles in dendrites, knobs, and plasma membranes of OSNs and in sustentacular cells. Furthermore, we show that NCX1 mRNA in rat olfactory mucosa is expressed as 8 alternative splice variants. This is the first comprehensive analysis of Na+/Ca2+ exchanger expression in the mammalian olfactory system. Our results suggest that Ca2+‐extrusion by OSNs utilizes multiple different Na+/Ca2+ exchangers and that different subtypes are targeted to different subcellular compartments. J. Comp. Neurol. 501:944–958, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Time course of cerebellar morphological development in postnatal ferrets: Ontogenetic and comparative perspectives
Authors: Christensson Maria , Broman Jonas , Garwicz Martin 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe provide the first systematic description of the morphological ontogenesis of the ferret cerebellum and compare its relative time‐course to that of the rat cerebellum. Overall cerebellar size, foliation, and thickness of cortical layers were quantified and Purkinje cell morphology was characterized at 24 timepoints in ferrets from postnatal day (P)1 to P63. The ferret cerebellum was substantially larger than that of the rat and had a much longer developmental period. In ferrets, Purkinje cells were dispersed into a monolayer by P9, the formation of folia declined abruptly around P20, and the external granular layer peaked in thickness around P22 and disappeared by P56. Timepoints of corresponding relative developmental maturity of the quantified architectural features of rat and ferret cerebella were determined and their relationship was analyzed by linear regression. The time‐conversion equation derived, describing the relationship between cerebellar morphogenesis in the two species, had a determination coefficient (r2) of 0.95. Conspicuously, the equation predicted with high accuracy the timing of structural changes in individual Purkinje cells in the ferret cerebellum. The conversion equation should be useful for precise quantitative translation of data between studies of ferret and rat cerebellum and for comparisons between development of motor and sensory structures and functions in ferrets. The degree of similarity in the time‐courses of cerebellar development in two distantly related mammals makes explicit in quantitative terms how remarkably conserved the cerebellum is in phylogenesis. Therefore, the methodology should be applicable to precise quantitative conversions of cerebellar developmental time‐courses also between other species. J. Comp. Neurol. 501:916–930, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Clone‐specific anti‐CD45 blocking factor in patient plasma
Authors: Wellhausen Samuel R. , Slone Stephen P. , Miller James J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe observed inhibition of anti‐CD45, but not anti‐CD3, ‐CD4, or ‐CD8 staining in the whole blood of an individual clinical specimen. Subsequent experiments demonstrated the presence of a plasma factor, which likewise blocked CD45 staining of third party lymphocytes. The blocking activity was anti‐CD45 clone (2D1) specific. Experiments utilizing immunoabsorption, immunofluorescence, and commercial blocking reagents failed to provide evidence for identifying blocking factor as heterophilic antibody. Biochemical identification of blocking factor was not accomplished. © 2007 Clinical Cytometry Society.
Nachweis der Tragfähigkeit bei Zug‐ und Biegezugbeanspruchung nach DIN 1053‐100
Authors: Brameshuber Wolfgang , Schmidt Ulf 
Published: February 2007

AbstractDer Nachweis der Zug‐ und Biegezugbeanspruchung wurde auf einen Kräfte‐Momentennachweis umgestellt. Grundlage für die Bestimmung der Tragkräfte bzw.‐momente sind charakteristische Zug‐ und Biegezugfestigkeiten. Der Ansatz der Zugfestigkeit senkrecht zur Lagerfuge ist nach wie vor nicht zulässig. In diesem Beitrag werden die Nachweise mit Hintergrundinformationen erläutert.
Differential effects of stress and amphetamine administration on Fos‐like protein expression in corticotropin releasing factor‐neurons of the rat brain
Authors: Rotllant David , Nadal Roser , Armario Antonio 
Published: February 2007

AbstractCorticotropin releasing factor (CRF) appears to be critical for the control of important aspects of the behavioral and physiological response to stressors and drugs of abuse. However, the extent to which the different brain CRF neuronal populations are similarly activated after stress and drug administration is not known. We then studied, using double immunohistochemistry for CRF and Fos protein, stress and amphetamine‐induced activation of CRF neurons in cortex, central amygdala (CeA), medial parvocellular dorsal, and submagnocellular parvocellular regions of the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVNmpd and PVNsm, respectively) and Barrington nucleus (Bar). Neither exposure to a novel environment (hole‐board, HB) nor immobilization (IMO) increased Fos‐like immunoreactivity (FLI) in the CeA, but they did to the same extent in cortical regions. In other regions only IMO increased FLI. HB and IMO both failed to activate CRF+ neurons in cortical areas, but after IMO, some neurons expressing FLI in the PVNsm and most of them in the PVNmpd and Bar were CRF+. Amphetamine administration increased FLI in cortical areas and CeA (with some CRF+ neurons expressing FLI), whereas the number of CRF+ neurons increased only in the PVNsm, in contrast to the effects of IMO. The present results indicate that stress and amphetamine elicited a distinct pattern of brain Fos‐like protein expression and differentially activated some of the brain CRF neuronal populations, despite similar levels of overall FLI in the case of IMO and amphetamine. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol, 2007.
Polarization and transverse mode control of vertical cavity surface emitting lasers with metal nano‐structure
Authors: Hashizume Jiro , Koyama Fumio 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe surface emitting laser is one of the leading candidates for a light source supporting next‐generation ultrahigh‐speed optical linking techniques. However, in surface emitting lasers, especially for the single mode elements, the challenges include increasing the single mode output and stabilizing the polarization direction, and thus the technique for controlling the polarization and transverse modes is important. In this study, we propose a surface emitting laser with a metal nanoscale aperture array whose permeability shows a strong polarization dependence, formed on a p‐type semiconductor multilayered film reflector, as a new method for controlling the polarization and transverse modes, and in addition, we explain the potential of its polarization and transverse mode control. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 90(3): 49–56, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley. com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.20261
Analysis of ring filter and its cascade synthesis method
Authors: Ishida Hitoshi , Araki Kiyomichi 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA ring resonator filter with a stub (ring filter) has a band‐stop filter characteristic. The attenuation frequencies are at two symmetric locations with respect to the center frequency of the passband. If the range between these two attenuation frequencies is considered as the passband, the loss is low and the group delay is constant in the passband region. In the present paper, the condition of the ripple generation in the passband is derived for the ring filter. Further, the ripple frequencies under the ripple generation conditions are numerically obtained and compared with the measured results. Next, the passband group delay is analytically derived and compared with the measured value. Further, a method of cascading the ring filters is studied. It is found that the transfer function of the cascaded ring filter is expressed in terms of a rational function of the Richard variable$\Omega = j\tan \theta$. It is shown that a set of the characteristic impedances realizing the desired rational function can be inversely calculated. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 90(3): 9–16, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.20298
Abnormality of electric field at a wedgelike edge of a conductor or a dielectric interface and methods for its relaxation
Authors: Kawamoto Tadashi , Takuma Tadasu 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAbnormal electric field appears at a wedgelike edge of a conductor (electrode) or a dielectric interface, which usually becomes infinitely high. This paper analyzes the electric field near such an edge by the analytical variable separation method and by the numerical one of the charge simulation method. The analysis focuses on the special conditions where the electric field becomes zero at an edge. These conditions are important for the insulation design to suppress the discharge inception at such edges of conductors and dielectric interfaces. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 159(1): 1–8, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20280
Robust design of body slip angle observer for electric vehicles and its experimental demonstration
Authors: Aoki Yoshifumi , Hori Yoichi 
Published: February 2007

AbstractElectric vehicles (EVs) are inherently suitable for two‐dimensional vehicle motion control. To utilize EV's advantages, body slip angle β and yaw rate γ play an important role. However, as sensors to measure β are very expensive, we need to estimate β from only variables to be measurable. In this paper, an improved estimation method for body slip angle β for EVs is proposed. This method is based on a linear observer using side acceleration ay as well as γ information. We especially considered the design of gain matrix and succeeded in exact and robust estimation. We performed experiments by UOT March II. This experimental vehicle driven by four in‐wheel motors was made for research on advanced control of EVs. Some experimental results are shown to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 159(1): 80–86, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20339
High‐precision positioning control for hard disk drives: 1st report: High‐precision simulator using differential iteration method
Authors: Kawafuku Motohiro , Otsu Kazuhiro , Iwasaki Makoto , Hirai Hiromu , Kobayashi Masahito , Okuyama Atsushi 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe paper proposes a high‐precision simulator for the following mode system design in hard disk drives (HDDs). The simulator is composed of two models: one is a precise mechanical plant which includes numerous high‐frequency vibration modes, and the other is a disturbance signal model which is separated into various disturbances. In the proposed approach, a differential iteration method is applied to identify the precise mechanical plant, providing accurate experimental model analyses. The effectiveness of the synthesized simulator was verified by the comparative studies for experiments and numerical simulations. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 159(1): 54–61, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20457
Novel quasi‐interpenetrating network/gold nanoparticles composite matrices for DNA sequencing by CE
Authors: Zhou Dan , Wang Yanmei , Zhang Wenlong , Yang Runmiao , Shi Ronghua 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn order to further improve ssDNA sequencing performances using quasi‐interpenetrating network (quasi‐IPN) as a matrix composed of linear polyacrylamide (LPA) with lower viscosity‐average molecular mass (3.3 MDa) and poly(N,N‐dimethylacrylamide) (PDMA), gold nanoparticles (GNPs) were prepared and added into this quasi‐IPN to form polymer/metal composite sieving matrices. The studies of intrinsic viscosity and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) on quasi‐IPN and quasi‐IPN/GNPs indicate that there were interactions between GNPs and polymer chains. The sequencing performances on ssDNA using quasi‐IPN and quasi‐IPN/GNPs (with different GNPs concentrations) as sieving matrices were studied and compared by CE at different temperatures. The results show that resolutions of quasi‐IPN/GNPs were higher than those of quasi‐IPN without GNPs and approximated those of quasi‐IPN composed of LPA with higher MW (6.5 MDa) and PDMA without GNPs in the bare fused‐silica capillaries. Furthermore, the sequencing time of quasi‐IPN/GNPs was shorter than that of quasi‐IPN under the same sequencing conditions. The influences of GNPs and sequencing temperature on the sequencing performances of ssDNA were also discussed. The separation reproducibility of quasi‐IPN/GNPs solution was excellent and its shelf life was more than 8 months.
The apparent decrease in thiotepa‐induced chromosome aberrations in human lymphocytes caused by an effect of WR2721 on the cell cycle as found by the definitively determined division method
Authors: Wolff Sheldon , Arutyunyan Rouben 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAntimutagenic radioprotective compounds have been reported to decrease the yield of chemically induced chromosome aberrations even when administered long before the chemical mutagen thio‐TEPA. Because thio‐TEPA can induce aberrations in all parts of the cell cycle, it seemed likely that the apparent decrease in aberrations was the result of an effect of the antimutagen on the progression of cells through the cell cycle so that cells treated in the more sensitive stage would be scored. To test this possibility human lymphocytes were treated with the protective compound WR2721 and then thio‐TEPA. The cells were grown in the presence of 5‐bromodeoxyuridine, which allows the definitive determination of metaphases from cells that divided once, twice, or three times after treatment. The yield of aberrations observed in first division cells was the same whether or not the protector was present. A decrease in aberration yields appeared only in rapidly cycling cells that were in the second division at the time of fixation. Labeling experiments showed that in this rapidly dividing population fewer of the metaphase cells had been in G2 when thio‐TEPA was added. The results indicate that part of the decrease in aberration yields obtained by treatment with an antimutagen several hours before the addition of a mutagen is an artifact of cell selection.
The estimation of mutation rates when premeiotic events are involved
Authors: Engels William R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWhen mutation or recombination events occur premeiotically, the distribution of exceptional individuals among the offspring will be “clustered” as opposed to binomial. Even though the exact nature of the clustering is usually unknown, unbiased methods for measuring mutation rate and determining the precision of these measurements are given to replace a biased method now frequently used. When clustering is pronounced, the unweighted average mutation rate is found to be a more efficient estimator than the usual average weighted by family size. Methods of statistical inference and optimal experimental design in the absence of specific knowledge of the mechanism of clustering are also discussed.
Mutagenicity of cross‐links and monoadducts of furocoumarins (psoralen and angelicin) induced by 360‐nm radiation in excision‐repair‐defective and radiation‐insensitive strains of saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Grant E. L. , Von Borstel R. C. , Ashwood‐Smith M. J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe furocoumarin psoralen can form both monoadducts and cross‐links with DNA when combined with 360‐nm radiation, whereas the analog angelicin can form monoadducts only. Psoralen plus 360‐nm radiation causes mutation induction with a slope of 2 (log‐log plot) for a radiation‐insensitive strain, whereas angelicin action with 360‐nm radiation displays a slope of unity. For a radiation‐sensitive mutant defective in the excision‐repair pathway, the actions of both angelicin and psoralen plus 360‐nm radiation exhibit one‐target kinetics, but at higher exposures psoralen plus 360‐nm radiation assumes a slope of 2. The excision‐repair‐defective strain is considerably more sensitive to the furocoumarins plus 360‐nm radiation than is the radiation‐insensitive strain, both for killing and mutation induction.The simplest explanation for the data is that both cross‐links and monoadducts, formed by furocoumarins with DNA when exposed to 360‐nm radiation, are capable of inducing mutations, and that monoadducts are repaired 20 times more efficiently than cross‐links by the excision‐repair pathway.
The mutagenicity of dialkyl nitrosamines in the salmonella plate assay
Authors: Prival Michael J. , King Valerie D. , Sheldon Albert T. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractN‐nitrosodimethylamine (DMN) is not mutagenic in the standard Salmonella plate incorporation assay (Ames test) in the presence of an in vitro metabolic activation system (S‐9) derived from rat liver. When the S‐9 was derived from Aroclor‐ or phenobarbital‐induced mouse or hamster liver or from uninduced hamster liver, mutagenic activity was observed. Increasing the amount of S‐9 above the usual maximum level of 50 μ1 per plate increased the mutagenic response. Similarly, the mutagenicity of N‐nitrosodiethylamine (DEN) and N‐nitrosodi(n‐butyl)amine (DBN) was greater in the presence of hamster liver S‐9 than when mouse or rat liver was used. Data are also presented indicating that the ability of rat liver S‐9 to mediate the mutagenic activity of DMN in the “preincubation” assay is due to the fact that the various components are present in this assay at several times the concentrations attained in the standard plate incorporation assay.
Mutagenicity of resin acids identified in pulp and paper mill effluents using the salmonella/mammalian‐microsome assay
Authors: Nestmann Earle R. , Lee E. G.‐H. , Mueller J. C. , Douglas George R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTen resin acids which have been identified as constituents of pulp and paper mill effluents have been examined for potential mutagenicity in the Salmonella/mammalian‐microsome assay. Only neoabietic acid has been found to be mutagenic. Neoabietic acid showed dose‐related increases in mutagenicity in strains TA1535, TA100, TA1538, and TA98, but not in strain TA1537. Metabolic activation with a preparation of Aroclor 1254‐induced liver homogenate (S9) slightly reduced the mutagenic responses. Negative responses were found for abietic acid, dehydroabietic acid, levopimaric acid, 7‐oxodehydroabietic acid, monochlorodehydroabietic acid, dichlorodehydroabietic acid, pimaric acid, isopimaric acid, and sandaracopimaric acid.
Mutagenic evaluation of nitroparaffins in the salmonella typhimurium/mammalian‐microsome test and the micronucleus test
Authors: Hite Mark , Skeggs Helen 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThree nitroparaffins (nitroethane, 1‐nitropropane, and 2‐nitropropane) were studied in the Salmonella typhimurium/mammalian microsome (Ames) test, with and without microsomal activation systems. Nitroethane and 2‐nitropropane also were studied in an in vivo mutagenic (micronucleus) test. These studies were undertaken because these solvents are widely used in the chemical and pharmaceutical industries and 2‐nitropropane was reported to cause liver cancer in rats exposed by the inhalation route.Neither nitroethane nor 1‐nitropropane was active in the Ames test with Salmonella tester‐strains TA1537, TA92, TA98, or TA100. However, 2‐nitropropane produced a significant increase in revertants in all of these tester strains, particularly strain TA100, where 3μl/plate doubled the number of revertants in the presence of microsomal enzymes. Negative results were obtained with both nitroethane and 2‐nitropropane in micronucleus tests. These studies have shown that 2‐nitropropane has the potential for causing point mutations in a microbial test system. However, this compound probably will not cause a chromosome mutation of the clastogenic type.
The effect of 2,4‐diaminotoluene and isomers of dinitrotoluene on unscheduled dna synthesis in primary rat hepatocytes
Authors: Bermudez Edilberto , Tillery Deborah , Butterworth Byron E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe important industrial chemicals 2,4‐dinitrotoluene (DNT) and 2,4‐diaminotoluene (DAT) are hepatocarcinogens in rats. Technical grade DNT contains approximately 76% 2,4‐DNT, 19% 2,6‐DNT, and lesser amounts of the other isomers. The ability of 2,4‐DAT, technical grade 2,4‐DNT, and the purified isomers 2,3‐DNT, 2,4‐DNT, 2,5‐DNT, 2,6‐DNT, 3,4‐DNT, and 3,5‐DNT to damage the DNA of primary rat hepatocytes was examined. Male Fischer‐344 rats were perfused in situ, single cell suspensions were obtained after liver dissociation, and cultures of these cells were treated in the presence of 3H‐thymidine. Autoradiography was employed to visualize label incorporation following repair of DNA. At the nontoxic (as judged by cell morphology) doses of 1 × 10−4 M and below, only 2,4‐DAT induced a significant response (ie an average greater than 5 grains net/nucleus). The activity seen with 2,4‐DAT suggests that damage to the DNA of the hepatocytes may play a role in its carcinogenic activity and is consistent with the proposal that the induction of DNA repair in primary hepatocytes is of value in predicting the activity of aromatic amino compounds. However, the carcinogenic activity of the dinitrotoluenes was not reflected as DNA repair in the isolated hepatocyte, indicating that additional factors involving the whole animal also play a role in the mechanism of action of DNT.
Mutagenic effects of bleomycin in drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Traut H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAlthough bleomycin (BLM) induces structural chromosome damage, eg, in human lymphocytes, no, or at best a weak, mutagenicity of this substance has been observed after the application of two well‐established mutagenicity screening procedures, the Ames test and the sister‐chromatid exchange (SCE) test. After feeding BLM to Drosophila melanogaster males we, too, observed only a weak mutagenicity as measured by the frequency of recessive sex‐linked lethal mutations. These results are based on the analysis of postmeiotic germ cell stages (spermatozoa, spermatids). No autosomal translocations were found in the same experiments. BLM was also fed to Drosophila females under conditions similar or identical to those of the experiments with males. We observed a considerable sensitivity of Drosophila oocytes to the induction by BLM of recessive sex‐linked lethal mutations and X‐chromosomal aneuploidy (nondisjunction and chromosome loss). Our oocyte results demonstrate that the extensively used antitumor agent bleomycin has to be considered as mutagenic.