bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improved Operational Stability of Blue Phosphorescent OLEDs by Functionalizing Phenyl‐Carbene Groups of Tetradentate Pt(II) Complexes
Authors: Li Guijie , Ameri Lydia , Dorame Blake , Zhu Zhi‐Qiang , Li Jian 
Published: April 2024

AbstractStable and efficient deep‐blue organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) are in high demand for display and lighting applications but are rarely reported due to their poor operational lifetimes. Herein, the study designs and synthesizes two novel N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC)‐based tetradentate Pt(II) complexes PtON5‐dtb and PtON5N‐dtb, and thoroughly investigate their electrochemical and photophysical properties. Functionalization of the NHC moieties can increase the metal‐to‐ligand charge transfer (1/3MLCT) characters in their lowest triplet excited‐states, resulting in significantly shortened photoluminescent lifetimes and remarkably improved device performance. A deep blue OLED employing PtON5N‐dtb as an emitter exhibits a narrow spectral bandwidth with a full‐width at half maximum (FWHM) of 30 nm and a CIEy value of 0.17 and demonstrates a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 20.4% with a small efficiency roll‐off, which maintains a high EQE of 18.5% at 1000 cd m−2. Moreover, the deep blue OLED also realizes a long‐measured operational lifetime LT90 (time to 90% of the initial luminance) of 71 hours with an initial brightness of 1134 cd m−2, corresponding to an estimated device lifetime LT90 of 85 h at 1000 cd m−2. This represented an eightfold lifetime improvement for PtON5N‐dtb‐based deep blue OLED compared to PtON7‐dtb in the same device setting.
Mechanical and Functional Responses in Astrocytes under Alternating Deformation Modes Using Magneto‐Active Substrates
Authors: Gomez‐Cruz Clara , Fernandez‐de la Torre Miguel , Lachowski Dariusz , Prados‐de‐Haro Martin , del Río Hernández Armando E. , Perea Gertrudis , Muñoz‐Barrutia Arrate , Garcia‐Gonzalez Daniel 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis work introduces NeoMag, a system designed to enhance cell mechanics assays in substrate deformation studies. NeoMag uses multidomain magneto‐active materials to mechanically actuate the substrate, transmitting reversible mechanical cues to cells. The system boasts full flexibility in alternating loading substrate deformation modes, seamlessly adapting to both upright and inverted microscopes. The multidomain substrates facilitate mechanobiology assays on 2D and 3D cultures. The integration of the system with nanoindenters allows for precise evaluation of cellular mechanical properties under varying substrate deformation modes. The system is used to study the impact of substrate deformation on astrocytes, simulating mechanical conditions akin to traumatic brain injury and ischemic stroke. The results reveal local heterogeneous changes in astrocyte stiffness, influenced by the orientation of subcellular regions relative to substrate strain. These stiffness variations, exceeding 50% in stiffening and softening, and local deformations significantly alter calcium dynamics. Furthermore, sustained deformations induce actin network reorganization and activate Piezo1 channels, leading to an initial increase followed by a long‐term inhibition of calcium events. Conversely, fast and dynamic deformations transiently activate Piezo1 channels and disrupt the actin network, causing long‐term cell softening. These findings unveil mechanical and functional alterations in astrocytes during substrate deformation, illustrating the multiple opportunities this technology offers.
Bi2Te3‐Based Thermoelectric Modules for Efficient and Reliable Low‐Grade Heat Recovery
Authors: Wu Gang , Zhang Qiang , Tan Xiaojian , Fu Yuntian , Guo Zhe , Zhang Zongwei , Sun Qianqian , Liu Yan , Shi Huilie , Li Jingsong , Noudem Jacques. G. , Wu Jiehua , Liu Guo‐Qiang , Sun Peng , Hu Haoyang , Jiang Jun 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBismuth‐telluride‐based alloy has long been considered as the most promising candidate for low‐grade waste heat power generation. However, optimizing the thermoelectric performance of n‐type Bi2Te3 is more challenging than that of p‐type counterparts due to its greater sensitivity to texture, and thus limits the advancement of thermoelectric modules. Herein, the thermoelectric performance of n‐type Bi2Te3 is enhanced by incorporating a small amount of CuGaTe2, resulting in a peak ZT of 1.25 and a distinguished average ZT of 1.02 (300–500 K). The decomposed Cu+ strengthens interlayer interaction, while Ga+ optimizes carrier concentration within an appropriate range. Simultaneously, the emerged numerous defects, such as small‐angle grain boundaries, twin boundaries, and dislocations, significantly suppresses the lattice thermal conductivity. Based on the size optimization by finite element modelling, the constructed thermoelectric module yields a high conversion efficiency of 6.9% and output power density of 0.31 W cm−2 under a temperature gradient of 200 K. Even more crucially, the efficiency and output power little loss after subjecting the module to 40 thermal cycles lasting for 6 days. This study demonstrates the efficient and reliable Bi2Te3‐based thermoelectric modules for broad applications in low‐grade heat harvest.
Tuneable Current Rectification Through a Designer Graphene Nanoribbon
Authors: Friedrich Niklas , Li Jingcheng , Pozo Iago , Peña Diego , Pascual José Ignacio 
Published: April 2024

AbstractUnimolecular current rectifiers are fundamental building blocks in organic electronics. Rectifying behavior has been identified in numerous organic systems due to electron‐hole asymmetries of orbital levels interfaced by a metal electrode. As a consequence, the rectifying ratio (RR) determining the diode efficiency remains fixed for a chosen molecule‐metal interface. Here, a mechanically tunable molecular diode exhibiting an exceptionally large rectification ratio (>105) and reversible direction is presented. The molecular system comprises a seven‐armchair graphene nanoribbon (GNR) doped with a single unit of substitutional diboron within its structure, synthesized with atomic precision on a gold substrate by on‐surface synthesis. The diboron unit creates half‐populated in‐gap bound states and splits the GNR frontier bands into two segments, localizing the bound state in a double barrier configuration. By suspending these GNRs freely between the tip of a low‐temperature scanning tunneling microscope and the substrate, unipolar hole transport is demonstrated through the boron in‐gap state's resonance. Strong current rectification is observed, associated with the varying widths of the two barriers, which can be tuned by altering the distance between tip and substrate. This study introduces an innovative approach for the precise manipulation of molecular electronic functionalities, opening new avenues for advanced applications in organic electronics.
Pearl‐Inspired Intelligent Marine Hetero Nanocomposite Coating Based on “Brick&Mortar” Strategy: Anticorrosion Durability and Switchable Antifouling
Authors: Liu Jiahuan , Tong Zheming , Gao Feng , Wang Jun , Hu Jing , Song Lina , Hou Yang , Lu Jianguo , Zhan Xiaoli , Zhang Qinghua 
Published: April 2024

AbstractCorrosion activities and biofouling pose significant challenges for marine facilities, resulting in substantial economic losses. Inspired by the “brick&mortar” structure of pearls, a novel nanocomposite coating (Pun‐HJTx) with long‐lasting anticorrosion and intelligent antifouling modes is fabricated by integrating a compatible MoS2/MXene heterostructure as the “brick” into a polyurea‐modified PDMS (Pun) acting as “mortar.” Notably, the presence of multiple hydrogen bonds within the coating effectively reduces the pinholes resulted from solution volatilizing. In the dark, where fouling adhesion and microbial corrosion activities are weakened, the MoS2/MXene plays a role in contact bactericidal action. Conversely, during daylight when fouling adhesion and microbial corrosion activities intensify, the coating releases reactive oxygen species (such as hydroxyl radicals and superoxide ions) to counteract fouling adhesion. Additionally, the coating exhibits multisource self‐healing performance under heated or exposed to light (maximum self‐healing rate can reach 99.46%) and proves efficient self‐cleaning performance and adhesion strength (>2.0 Mpa), making it highly suitable for various practical marine applications. Furthermore, the outstanding performance of the Pun‐HJT1 is maintained for ≈180 days in real‐world marine conditions, which proving its practicality and feasibility in real shallow sea environments.
Unveiling the Potential of Two‐Terminal Perovskite/Organic Tandem Solar Cells: Mechanisms, Status, and Challenges
Authors: Han Mengqi , Zhou Ruimin , Chen Ge , Li Qin , Li Pengwei , Sun Chenkai , Zhang Yiqiang , Song Yanlin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPerovskite/organic tandem solar cells (PO‐TSCs) demonstrate exceptional suitability for emerging applications such as building‐integrated photovoltaics, wearable devices, and greenhouse farming. By leveraging the distinctive attributes of perovskite and organic materials, which encompass expanded solar spectrum utilization, chemically benign solubility, and soft nature, PO‐TSCs position themselves as ideal candidates for high‐performance semi‐transparent photovoltaics (ST‐PVs). Despite these advantages, their development significantly lags behind other perovskite‐based counterparts, such as perovskite/perovskite, perovskite/silicon, and perovskite/Cu(In, Ga)Se2. To address existing challenges and unlock the full potential of PO‐TSCs, an exploration of the fundamental mechanisms governing tandem photovoltaic devices is embarked. Delving into critical aspects such as charge generation/separation, energy level alignment, and material choices becomes pivotal for optimizing PO‐TSC performance. The investigation of monolithic two‐terminal PO‐TSCs offers insights into achievements and barriers, recognizing the competitive landscape with other TSC counterparts. Further scrutiny of perovskite absorbers and organic absorbers in TSCs reveals strategies aimed at enhancing stability and efficiency. The discussion extends to interconnection layers, elucidating their role in optimizing light transmission and balancing carrier recombination. In conclusion, a compelling outlook on the dynamic landscape of PO‐TSCs is presented, highlighting the remarkable efficiency progression and signaling their potential to revolutionize solar energy harvesting technologies.
How Wide and High can Polyhedral Liquid Marbles be Fabricated?
Authors: Hayashi Masaki , Manabe Hikaru , Hirai Tomoyasu , Nakamura Yoshinobu , Fujii Syuji 
Published: April 2024

AbstractLiquid marbles (LMs) are liquid droplets in gaseous phase, which are generally millimeter size, coated by solid particles. In this study, how wide and high LMs can be fabricated is investigated. Polyhedral LMs are fabricated using polymer plates with millimeter to meter sizes as a stabilizer and water as an inner liquid. Rectangular LMs with widths exceeding 1 m, the largest width ever reported, can be successfully fabricated. The height of the LMs is found to be subject to restriction by the hydrostatic pressure and cubic LMs with heights of up to 5 mm, which is the maximum height limit for LMs stabilized with nano/micrometer‐sized particles, are fabricated. Reduction of the hydrostatic pressure by changing the LM shape from cube to pyramid and introduction of particle‐stabilized bubble into the LM enabled the increase of height of the LM up to 9.8 mm, the highest height ever reported. Investigation using non‐aqueous liquids as an inner liquid confirmed that the longer the capillary length, the higher the maximum possible height of LMs. Finally, the polyhedral LMs are demonstrated to function as a microreactor for silver mirror reaction and chemical oxidative polymerization, resulting in the formation of Janus polymer plates.
Sweat and Deformation‐Resistance Graphite/PVDF/PANI‐Based Temperature Sensor for Real‐Time Body Temperature Monitoring
Authors: Zhang Chen , Wei Wenkui , Li Yujing , Li Xiaofeng , Liu Yangchengyi , Wang Xiufeng , Chen Shangda 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBody temperature is critical indicator of human health, and its real‐time monitoring is crucial for assessing body status and disease diagnosis. In this work, a flexible temperature sensor is presented that employs a graphite/polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)/polyaniline composite and demonstrates a negative temperature coefficient (NTC). This sensor exhibits high sensitivity (−0.832%/ °C), rapid response time (11.05 s), and excellent linearity (R2 = 0.98). Its integration with a self‐adhesion PDMS‐PEG substrate layer ensures close skin contact, enhancing the accuracy of temperature measurements. Notably, the sensor's stability and resistance to sweat and deformation ensure continuous, reliable temperature monitoring, even during extensive exercise. This sensor thus represents a significant advancement in flexible and waterproof temperature sensing technologies.
An Untethered Magnetic Microgripper for High‐Throughput Micromanipulation
Authors: Loganathan Dineshkumar , Chaung Ying , Lu Yueh‐Hsun , Cheng Chia‐Hsin , Chen Chia‐Yuan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMicrogripper is a small‐miniaturized robotic device employed to maneuver sub‐millimeter‐sized particles or objects that are too small to be manipulated by human hands or conventional tools. The design and fabrication of the microgripper pose challenges due to the integration of actuation components into their structure. To address this challenge, the authors in this work presented a novel magnetic microgripper wherein the functions of the actuation components are executed by the two pairs of microgripper arms made up of magnetic material. A custom‐made electromagnetic system consisting of eight coils is employed to externally control these arms, enabling precise execution of gripping up to a maximum of two microparticles per working cycle. By varying the magnetic field strength from 20 to 120 mT, a wide range of gripper‐arms opening distance is achieved, spanning from 0.3 to 1.3 mm. Consequently, the microgripper is demonstrated to grip different sizes of microparticles ranging from 0.3 to 1.2 mm. As part of the motion control capabilities, the microgripper is demonstrated to orient and navigate across a 360‐degree range within the microfluidic environment. The presented microgripper holds promise for manipulating a wide variety of microparticle sizes and shapes, offering potential for high‐throughput applications
Near‐Infrared Light Trapping and Avalanche Multiplication in Silicon Epitaxial Microcrystals
Authors: Falcone Virginia , Barzaghi Andrea , Signorelli Fabio , Valente Joao , Firoozabadi Saleh , Zucchetti Carlo , Bergamaschini Roberto , Ballabio Andrea , Bottegoni Federico , Zappa Franco , Montalenti Francesco , Miglio Leo , Volz Kerstin , Paul Douglas J. , Biagioni Paolo , Tosi Alberto , Isella Giovanni 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe chemical vapor deposition of silicon on a patterned silicon substrate leads to the formation of 3D microcrystals, which, due to their inclined top facets and high aspect ratio, produce a light‐trapping effect enhancing the optical absorption in the near‐infrared (NIR). In this work, it is demonstrated that Si microcrystals can form the building blocks of a new class of NIR sensitive photodetectors operating in a linear or avalanche regime. Microcrystal‐based devices are designed by coupling a 2D kinetic‐growth model with a Poisson drift‐diffusion solver and fabricated by combining electron beam lithography and low‐energy plasma‐enhanced chemical vapor deposition (LEPECVD). The optoelectronic properties of microcrystal‐based p–i–n photodiodes are investigated both theoretically and experimentally by means of finite‐difference time‐domain (FDTD) simulations and responsivity measurements. At 1000 nm wavelength, the responsivity of microcrystal‐based devices is six times higher than that of an equivalent mesa diode. Moreover, the photocurrent gains of Si microcrystals operating as an avalanche photodiode (APD), at the same wavelength, reaches 2 × 104 demonstrating the potentialities of substrate patterning, combined with epitaxial growth, for amplified photodetection applications.
Topological Phase Singularities in Light Reflection from Non‐Hermitian Uniaxial Media
Authors: Maslova Valeria , Lebedev Petr , Baranov Denis G. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPerfect light transmission into a dielectric at the Brewster angle is one of the simplest effects of macroscopic electromagnetism. The common wisdom states that absorption in the dielectric violates Brewster angle and leads to a non‐vanishing reflection. Yet, incorporating anisotropy may recover perfect transmission of p‐polarized light into the absorbing medium. Unlike the ordinary “lossless” Brewster angle, perfect transmission in this case is accompanied by phase singularities of the reflection amplitude. In this paper, phase singularities and the associated topological charges are theoretically examined as emerging in the wavelength‐incidence angle space upon perfect transmission into absorbing uniaxial dielectrics. The analytical criterion of perfect light transmission into an anisotropic medium is derived, phase singularities are demontrated in these scenarios, and their dynamics are studied as a function of material parameters. Finally, by lowering the symmetry of the problem, this phenomenon is translated into a different parameter space of wave vector components, and illustrate the feasibility of this phenomenon with available optically anisotropic materials. The results may become valuable for the development of novel analog computing schemes and holography approaches.
SiO Enabled by ZSM‐5 and Graphene as Long‐Cycle and High‐Rate Anodes for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Li Qiang , Li Mingzhu , Yao Wang , Liu Baoyang , Ding Xuli 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSilicon oxides (SiO, SiO2) with high theoretical capacity and low cost are viewed as promising anodes for the next‐generation lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) but suffer from inferior rate capability and coulombic efficiency (CE) owing to the sluggish charge transfer kinetics. Herein, the study proposes a multichannel modulation strategy induced by ZSM‐5 and SiO as well as electron‐rich graphene to effectively solve the above issue. Specially, the ZSM‐5, which can not only provide a certain Li+ reserve capacity as an anode material, but also serve as a bridge to connect the isolated SiO nanoparticles, providing Li+ transport channel and adjusting the transfer kinetic, making it to achieve two things at one stroke, so that the as‐obtained SiO@ZSM@Gra composite shows improved rate performance and CE compared to that of single silicon oxides. Combing with the CV and EIS fitting analysis, it is demonstrated that the constructed composites own higher Li+ diffusion coefficient and more charge conduction capability. Furthermore, the fabricated full cell with LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 exhibits good electro‐chemical properties. The proposed strategy for intrinsic accelerating charge transfer can be conductive to electrode design for the next‐generation low cost and high energy LIBs.
Osteocytes/Osteoblasts Produce SAA3 to Regulate Hepatic Metabolism of Cholesterol
Authors: Huang Shijiang , Jiang Yuanjun , Li Jing , Mao Linlin , Qiu Zeyou , Zhang Sheng , Jiang Yuhui , Liu Yong , Liu Wen , Xiong Zhi , Zhang Wuju , Liu Xiaolin , Zhang Yue , Bai Xiaochun , Guo Bin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractHypercholesterolaemia is a systemic metabolic disease, but the role of organs other than liver in cholesterol metabolism is unappreciated. The phenotypic characterization of the Tsc1Dmp1 mice reveal that genetic depletion of tuberous sclerosis complex 1 (TSC1) in osteocytes/osteoblasts (Dmp1‐Cre) triggers progressive increase in serum cholesterol level. The resulting cholesterol metabolic dysregulation is shown to be associated with upregulation and elevation of serum amyloid A3 (SAA3), a lipid metabolism related factor, in the bone and serum respectively. SAA3, elicited from the bone, bound to toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4) on hepatocytes to phosphorylate c‐Jun, and caused impeded conversion of cholesterol to bile acids via suppression on cholesterol 7 α‐hydroxylase (Cyp7a1) expression. Ablation of Saa3 in Tsc1Dmp1 mice prevented the CYP7A1 reduction in liver and cholesterol elevation in serum. These results expand the understanding of bone function and hepatic regulation of cholesterol metabolism and uncover a potential therapeutic use of pharmacological modulation of SAA3 in hypercholesterolaemia.
Spectrometer‐Less Remote Sensing Image Classification Based on Gate‐Tunable van der Waals Heterostructures
Authors: Yu Yali , Zhong Mianzeng , Xiong Tao , Yang Jian , Hu Pengwei , Long Haoran , Zhou Ziqi , Xin Kaiyao , Liu Yue‐Yang , Yang Juehan , Qiao Jianzhong , Liu Duanyang , Wei Zhongming 
Published: April 2024

AbstractRemote sensing technology, which conventionally employs spectrometers to capture hyperspectral images, allowing for the classification and unmixing based on the reflectance spectrum, has been extensively applied in diverse fields, including environmental monitoring, land resource management, and agriculture. However, miniaturization of remote sensing systems remains a challenge due to the complicated and dispersive optical components of spectrometers. Here, m‐phase GaTe0.5Se0.5 with wide‐spectral photoresponses (250–1064 nm) and stack it with WSe2 are utilizes to construct a two‐dimensional van der Waals heterojunction (2D‐vdWH), enabling the design of a gate‐tunable wide‐spectral photodetector. By utilizing the multi‐photoresponses under varying gate voltages, high accuracy recognition can be achieved aided by deep learning algorithms without the original hyperspectral reflectance data. The proof‐of‐concept device, featuring dozens of tunable gate voltages, achieves an average classification accuracy of 87.00% on 6 prevalent hyperspectral datasets, which is competitive with the accuracy of 250–1000 nm hyperspectral data (88.72%) and far superior to the accuracy of non‐tunable photoresponse (71.17%). Artificially designed gate‐tunable wide‐spectral 2D‐vdWHs GaTe0.5Se0.5/WSe2‐based photodetector present a promising pathway for the development of miniaturized and cost‐effective remote sensing classification technology.
Optogenetic Control of Bacterial Cell‐Cell Adhesion Dynamics: Unraveling the Influence on Biofilm Architecture and Functionality
Authors: Quispe Haro Juan José , Chen Fei , Los Rachel , Shi Shuqi , Sun Wenjun , Chen Yong , Idema Timon , Wegner Seraphine V. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe transition of bacteria from an individualistic to a biofilm lifestyle profoundly alters their biology. During biofilm development, the bacterial cell‐cell adhesions are a major determinant of initial microcolonies, which serve as kernels for the subsequent microscopic and mesoscopic structure of the biofilm, and determine the resulting functionality. In this study, the significance of bacterial cell‐cell adhesion dynamics on bacterial aggregation and biofilm maturation is elucidated. Using photoswitchable adhesins between bacteria, modifying the dynamics of bacterial cell‐cell adhesions with periodic dark‐light cycles is systematic. Dynamic cell‐cell adhesions with liquid‐like behavior improve bacterial aggregation and produce more compact microcolonies than static adhesions with solid‐like behavior in both experiments and individual‐based simulations. Consequently, dynamic cell‐cell adhesions give rise to earlier quorum sensing activation, better intermixing of different bacterial populations, improved biofilm maturation, changes in the growth of cocultures, and higher yields in fermentation. The here presented approach of tuning bacterial cell‐cell adhesion dynamics opens the door for regulating the structure and function of biofilms and cocultures with potential biotechnological applications.