bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rising prices and coping strategies of urban families in India
Authors: Joshi Suramya S. , Gandotra Veena S. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThis study examines how Indian urban households coped with rising prices over the period 1995–1996 to 1999–2000. It provides evidence of cost of living indices and the coping strategies of urban households belonging to different income groups. Although there has been a lively debate on inflation and related issues, most of the studies were macro studies, which have not paid explicit attention to the impact of rising prices on the coping and financial management responses of the affected families. This paper is a part of a larger cross‐sectional study on the impact of rising prices on quality of life and financial management practices of Indian urban households belonging to five different income groups. This paper provides the evidence on cost of living indices and the coping strategies adopted by these households to combat an otherwise hostile economic environment. It found that the impact of cost of living indices differs across different income groups depending upon the composition of the consumption basket and the proportion of expenditure incurred on specific items of that basket. It is also observed that rational responses of households played an important role in coping with increased cost of living. The evidence suggests that a wide range of coping strategies is adopted by households such as consumption reallocation and seeking increased earning opportunities as part of their backward and forward coping strategies.
Type 2 diabetes in pregnancy: a wolf in sheep's clothing
Authors: CHEUNG N. Wah , MCELDUFF Aidan , ROSS Glynis P. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractType 2 diabetes is now the most common form of pregestational diabetes. Recent data suggest that pregnancies complicated by type 2 diabetes are associated with unacceptably high fetal mortality and morbidity, at an incidence comparable to pregnancies complicated by type 1 diabetes. This review examines the literature on type 2 diabetes in pregnancy, including its incidence and potential complications. There is a need to highlight the dangers of type 2 diabetes in pregnancy to both patients and medical practitioners. Peri‐conception care needs to improve to achieve better pregnancy outcomes.
First trimester abortion with mifepristone and three doses of sublingual misoprostol: a pilot study
Authors: SINGH Kishor C. , UMMAT Seema , RAJARAM Shalini , GOEL Neerja 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective:  To evaluate the efficacy and safety of a medical abortion regimen with multiple doses of sublingual misoprostol 24 h after mifepristone.Methods:  The regimen was designed on the basis of pharmacokinetics of various routes of administration of misoprostol. Forty women 8 weeks’ gestation were given mifepristone 200 mg orally, followed 24 h later by three doses of misoprostol 200 µgm sublingually 6 h apart. They were followed up on day 3 and day 14 with transvaginal ultrasound. Pain and bleeding were assessed using a visual analogue scale and acceptability, by a questionnaire.Results:  Abortion outcome was assessed in terms of onset of pain and vaginal bleeding, time of expulsion of products and duration of vaginal bleeding. Seventy‐five per cent of women experienced pain within 2 h after first dose of misoprostol. Bleeding began at a mean of 1.41 h after pain and expulsion at a mean of 6.1 h after first dose of misoprostol. Complete expulsion was confirmed in all women (100%) by ultrasound on day 14. The longest duration of bleeding was 12 days (mean 7.2 days) with 87.5% bleeding for < 10 days. Acceptability was 100% but 70% perceived pain to be moderate and 67.5% bleeding to be light or slightly more than menses.Conclusions:  Medical abortion using three doses of sublingual misoprostol administered 24 h after mifepristone appears to be the most appropriate in terms of pharmacokinetics of the drugs. This pilot study associates the regimen with a short abortion process, which appears to be safe, highly efficacious and acceptable.
Should the Pap smear be repeated at the first colposcopy visit?
Authors: DOLMAN Grace , TAN Jeffrey , QUINN Michael 
Published: December 2005

AbstractAim:  To determine whether there is any benefit in repeating the Pap smear at the time of colposcopy in women referred to a teaching hospital dysplasia clinic.Methods:  Analysis of a computerised database, and review of literature.Results:  Repeating the Pap smear potentially changed management in 2% of women referred with low‐grade lesions, and in 7% of those with high‐grade lesions.Conclusion:  Although the literature suggests that the repeat smear may directly affect the quality of the colposcopic examination, repeating the smear in women referred with high‐grade squamous intraepithelial (HSIL) smears may be beneficial.
Preliminary report: correct diagnosis of sex in fetal cells isolated from cervical mucus during early pregnancy
Authors: MANTZARIS Debbie , CRAM David , HEALY Christine , HOWLETT Donna , KOVACS Gab 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine the accuracy of sexing fetal cells isolated from cervical mucus. Immunopositive cells identified using a fetal‐specific antibody were isolated and subjected to genetic analysis. Fetal sex was predicted in all 22 samples, as confirmed by analysis of the corresponding placental tissue. This study validates the accuracy of our test for sex diagnosis and confirms the ability to effectively recover and analyse fetal cells from the cervical mucus during early pregnancy.
Comparison of peripheral blood progenitor cell yield from standard chemotherapy used in the treatment of lymphoid malignancies and high‐dose cyclophosphamide: a retrospective review of 141 patients
Authors: Assouline Sarit , Sylvestre Marie‐Pierre , Carriere Philippe , Shustik Chaim , Laneuville Pierre 
Published: December 2005

BACKGROUND:  Peripheral blood progenitor cells (PBPCs) are often collected after mobilization with high‐dose cyclophosphamide (HDC) combined with growth factors. HDC may not be needed for PBPC mobilization, and patients with lymphoid malignancies can be harvested with treatment regimens of chemotherapy.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS:  A retrospective analysis was performed on 141 patients with lymphoma or multiple myeloma whose PBPCs were harvested after chemotherapy. The PBPC yield and time to mobilization was compared between patients who received HDC (n = 51) and other chemotherapy regimens (n = 90) including high‐dose cyclophosphamide and etoposide (HDC plus VP‐16; n = 41), CHOP, ESHAP, ABVD, VAD, and others (n = 49). A multiple linear regression model and proportional hazards model determined factors influencing yield and time to mobilization, respectively.RESULTS:  The difference in mean yield between HDC and all non‐HDC regimens was significant, with HDC plus VP‐16 resulting in the highest yields. The proportion of patients achieving a CD34 count in excess of 5 × 106 per kg did not differ significantly between the regimens. In a multiple linear regression model, HDC plus VP‐16 resulted in a higher PBPC yield than HDC but all other regimens did not. In addition, patients exposed to more than one prior chemotherapy regimen had lower yield regardless of the mobilization regimen. The mean number of days to mobilization with HDC was 10.2 days, 17.1 days for HDC plus VP‐16, and 14.2 days for all other regimens. The timing of mobilization was influenced by the chemotherapy used and the number of prior regimens in a proportional hazards model.CONCLUSION:  These results demonstrate a higher mean yield of PBPCs with HDC plus VP‐16 but no difference in yield between non‐HDC plus VP‐16 regimens used for first‐line or relapse therapy and HDC, suggesting that HDC may be an unnecessary additional therapy.
A single dose of 6 or 12 mg of pegfilgrastim for peripheral blood progenitor cell mobilization results in similar yields of CD34+ progenitors in patients with multiple myeloma
Authors: Bruns Ingmar , Steidl Ulrich , Kronenwett Ralf , Fenk Roland , Graef Thorsten , Rohr Ulrich‐Peter , Neumann Frank , Fischer Johannes , Scheid Christof , Hübel Kai , Haas Rainer , Kobbe Guido 
Published: December 2005

BACKGROUND:  Current regimens for peripheral blood progenitor cell (PBPC) mobilization in patients with multiple myeloma are based on daily subcutaneous injections of granulocyte–colony‐stimulating factor (G‐CSF) starting shortly after cytotoxic therapy. Recently a polyethylene glycol–conjugated G‐CSF (pegfilgrastim) was introduced that has a substantially longer t1/2 than the original formula.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS:  The use of pegfilgrastim was examined at two dose levels for PBPC mobilization in patients with Stage II or III multiple myeloma. Four days after cytotoxic therapy with cyclophosphamide (4 g/m2), a single dose of either 6 mg pegfilgrastim (n = 15) or 12 mg pegfilgrastim (n = 15) or daily doses of 8 µg per kg unconjugated G‐CSF (n = 15) were administered. The number of circulating CD34+ cells was determined during white blood cell (WBC) recovery, and PBPC harvesting was performed by large‐volume apheresis.RESULTS:  Pegfilgrastim was equally potent at 6 and 12 mg with regard to mobilization and yield of CD34+ cells. No dose dependence was observed because CD34+ cell concentration peaks were 131 and 85 per µL, respectively, and CD34+ cell yield was 10.2 × 106 and 7.4 × 106 per kg of body weight, respectively. Pegfilgrastim in either dose was associated with a more rapid WBC recovery (p = 0.03) and an earlier performance of the first apheresis procedure (p < 0.05) in comparison to unconjugated G‐CSF. No difference regarding CD34+ cell maximum and yield could be observed.CONCLUSION:  A single dose of 6 mg pegfilgrastim is equally potent as 12 mg for mobilization and harvest of PBPCs in patients with multiple myeloma. Because no dose dependency was seen at these dose levels, this might be also true for even smaller doses.
Maternal typing and test sufficiency in parentage analyses
Authors: Wenk Robert E. , Houtz Terry , Chiafari Francis A. 
Published: December 2005

BACKGROUND:  The contribution of maternal typing to paternity analysis was evaluated to determine how many additional loci to study in one‐parent cases.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS:  Four groups underwent paternity analyses with an eight‐locus test battery. Files of 25 case trios were retrieved, in which alleged fathers had achieved paternity indices of greater than 100 (“included trios”). Maternal types were omitted and the cases were reanalyzed (“included duos”). Mother‐child pairs of the cases were then coupled with unrelated men (“excluded trios”), and the cases were analyzed. Maternal types were omitted from the excluded trios and cases were reanalyzed (“excluded duos”).RESULTS:  Paternity indices of men in included duos were markedly reduced when compared to included trios; odds were sufficiently low in 9 of 25 men that paternity remained in doubt. After omission of maternal phenotypes, excluded duos exposed 33 percent fewer genetic inconsistencies than excluded trios; 5 of 25 men in excluded duos demonstrated less than two genetic inconsistencies and 1 man had none. The specific probabilities of paternity exclusion in motherless cases averaged 61 percent per locus of those in case trios. One random man in 52 duos was not excluded by the eight tests versus 1 in 417 trios.CONCLUSIONS:  Omission of maternal typing from eight common microsatellite paternity tests reduced conclusive evidence for or against paternity by 30 to 40 percent. False inclusion of random men is an important failing of tests in motherless cases. Cases involving one parent and child (e.g., in immigration) would require examination of an additional five similar loci to compensate for absent maternal data. A change in standards is suggested.
Evaluation of the enhanced bacterial detection system for screening of contaminated platelets
Authors: Fournier‐Wirth Chantal , Deschaseaux Marie , Defer Christine , Godreuil Sylvain , Carrière Christian , Bertrand Xavier , Tunez Virginie , Schneider Thierry , Coste Joliette , Morel Pascal 
Published: December 2005

BACKGROUND:  The Pall third‐generation enhanced bacterial detection system (eBDS) was recently approved for detection of bacterial contamination in leukoreduced platelets (PLTs). The method is based on the measurement of the oxygen content as a marker for bacteria. eBDS incorporates major modifications including removal of the sample‐set filter, modification of the culture medium, and incubation with agitation of the sample pouch.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS:  Ten whole blood–derived random‐donor PLT units collected on Day 1 after donation and 10 single‐donor apheresis PLT units were spiked with low levels of bacteria in three different blood transfusion centers. Inoculation was performed at a final concentration of 5 to 50 colony‐forming units per mL with reference strains of five organisms involved in severe transfusion‐associated infections. PLT units were stored at 22°C for 24 hours before sampling. Six sample sets were then sterile‐connected to each unit and placed on a horizontal agitator at 35°C for 18 or 24 hours of incubation.RESULTS:  No false‐positive results were obtained, indicating a 100 percent specificity of the assay. Of 126 spiked sample pouches tested, 61 of 63 (96.82%) and 63 of 63 (100%) were detected positive after 18 or 24 hours of incubation, respectively. In the two missed cases that failed to detect Bacillus cereus, the measured oxygen was slightly above the detection threshold but was markedly different from the negative samples.CONCLUSION:  The eBDS method allows definitive testing of PLTs as soon as 42 hours after collection and offers an alternative culture method to the BacT/ALERT system.
Self‐reported symptoms associated with West Nile virus infection in RNA‐positive blood donors
Authors: Orton S.L. , Stramer S.L. , Dodd R.Y. 
Published: December 2005

BACKGROUND:  In 2003, West Nile virus (WNV) nucleic acid amplification testing (NAT) was implemented to detect potentially infected donors. Of more than 5.3 million donations screened prospectively by the American Red Cross during the epidemic periods of 2003 and 2004, 974 were NAT‐reactive and 519 confirmed‐positive. A subset of both the confirmed‐positive and the false‐positive groups was assessed for demographic characteristics, symptoms, and symptom reporting relative to date of donation.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS:  All donors with initial WNV NAT‐reactive results were invited to participate in a study that included a demographic, symptom, and date‐of‐symptom questionnaire. WNV confirmed‐positive cases were compared to false‐positive controls for comparison of frequency of symptom reporting before, on the day of, and after donation.RESULTS:  Enrolled cases and controls were similar in all characteristics except cases were more likely to live in rural areas. Symptoms were reported by 61 percent of cases versus 20 percent of controls, with 74 percent of symptoms reported by cases within the 14 days after donation. The frequency of headache and fever reported together in the 7 days before donation was not significantly different between cases and controls; only the individual frequencies of headache, eye pain, and new rash during this time were significantly different. The most commonly reported symptoms, after adjustment for symptom reporting by controls, were headache, new rash, and generalized weakness; these symptoms were reported by 25 percent of cases.CONCLUSIONS:  The demographic characteristics of infected donors reflected the rural nature of the 2003 to 2004 WNV epidemics. This study suggests that asking donors about predonation headache and fever had no detectable contribution to blood safety.
Ultrastructural study of extraocular muscle tendon axonal profiles in infantile and intermittent exotropia
Authors: Kim Seung‐Hyun , Yi Sung‐Tae , Cho Yoonae A. , Uhm Chang‐Sub 
Published: December 2005

Abstract.Purpose:  To investigate the ultrastructures of tendon axonal profiles in infantile and intermittent exotropia. Tendon axonal profiles are composed of myotendinous nerve endings that are presumed to serve as sensorial receptors in ocular proprioception. Methods:  The study subjects included 10 patients with exotropia who had undergone surgery in one eye (recession and resection). They were divided into two equal groups. Five patients with infantile exotropia that had developed at under 12 months of age were allocated to group A. Another five, with intermittent exotropia that had developed at over 12 months of age, were allocated to group B. In all patients, medial recti were resected by 3–4 mm in order to obtain tissue samples, which were then examined under an electron microscope. Results:  In group A, we noted many axonal degenerative findings, such as the retraction of axons from myelin sheaths with considerable shrinkage, axonal disintegration, and Schwann cell proliferation. On the other hand, we identified three unique findings in group B: intact axons with incomplete Schwann cell wrapping; intact Schwann cells not associated with axons, and disorganized Schwann cells with shrunken axons. Conclusion:  Different patterns of tendon axonal profiles were seen in association with the two types of exotropia. These differences may be related to the pathogenesis of these exotropia types.
DNA Polymorphism Among Yewei B, V20B, and Oryza minuta J. S. Presl. ex C. B. Presl
Authors: ZHAO Bing‐Ran , XING Quan‐Hua , XIA Hong‐Ai , YANG He‐Hua , JIN De‐Min , LIU Xia , WANG Song‐Wen , WANG Bin , YUAN Long‐Ping 
Published: December 2005

Abstract: The new cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) line Yewei A and its maintainer line Yewei B, with better agronomic characteristics, have been developed from a mutant of V20B (a rice maintainer line) through transformation of genomic DNA of wild rice (Oryza minuta J. S. Presl. ex C. B. Presl.). Analysis of molecular markers, DNA sequences, and Southern blot revealed that high DNA polymorphism exists between the mutant and its receptor, indicating that the special DNA fragment from O. minuta may be integrated into the genome of Yewei B. Therefore, transformation of genomic DNA from distant relatives to the plant of a target receptor may open an avenue for creating a new rice germplasm.(Managing editor: Li‐Hui ZHAO)
Identification and Validation of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Poplar Using Publicly Expressed Sequence Tags
Authors: ZHANG Bo , ZHOU Yan , ZHANG Liang , ZHUGE Qiang , WANG Ming‐Xiu , HUANG Min‐Ren 
Published: December 2005

Abstract: By using assembled expressed sequence tags (ESTs) from 14 different cDNA libraries that contain 84 132 sequences reads, 556 Populus candidate single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified. Because traces were not available from dbEST (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/dbEST/index.html), stringent filters were used to identify reliable candidate SNPs. Sequences analysis indicated that the main types of substitutions among candidate SNPs were A/G and T/C transitions, which accounted for 22.0% and 30.8%, respectively. One hundred and ten candidate SNPs were tested. As a result, 38 candidate SNPs were confirmed by directed sequencing of PCR products amplified from six different individuals. Thirteen new SNPs in intron regions were found and multiple SNPs were found to be located in both intron and exon regions of four contigs. Heterozygosis was found in all 47 candidate sites and five SNP sites were heterozygous in all six samples. This is the first report of SNP identification in a tree species which reveals that assembled ESTs from multiple libraries of the public database may provide a rich source of comparative sequences for an SNP search in the poplar genome.(Managing editor: Li‐Hui ZHAO)
Discovery of a Homolog of Siderophilin in a Plant
Authors: FEI Yun‐Biao , CAO Peng‐Xiu , GAO Su‐Qin , WEI Ling‐Bo , WANG Bin 
Published: December 2005

Abstract: Members belonging to the siderophilin family are iron‐binding and iron‐transporting proteins, which includes transferrin and lactoferrin. They have only been found in animals previously. If siderophilin could be found in and isolated from a plant, its production and subsequent extensive application could be increased. The present study is the first to report the discovery of a homolog of siderophilin in a plant. In order to purify antifreeze proteins from Ammopiptanthus mongolicus (Maxim.) Cheng f., the authors processed the proteins from the leaves using techniques such as column chromatography using DEAE‐Cellu‐lose‐52, gel filtration via Sephacryl S‐100 HR medium, hydrophobic interaction chromatography, and sodium dodecyl sulfate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Mass spectroscopy was performed on the three proteins purified and the sequence of one of the proteins (containing 32 amino acids) was found to have 97% homology with the corresponding part of one type of human lactoferrin. Moreover, one of the two peptides belongs to an iron‐binding domain. So, it is possible that siderophilin also exists in plants and plays a role as an antibacterial and antifungal, among other actions.(Managing editor: Wei WANG)
Altitudinal Pattern of Plant Species Diversity in Shennongjia Mountains, Central China
Authors: ZHAO Chang‐Ming , CHEN Wei‐Lie , TIAN Zi‐Qiang , XIE Zong‐Qiang 
Published: December 2005

Abstract: One hundred and sixty plots, approximately every 100 m above sea level (a.s.1.) along an altitudinal gradient from 470 to 3 080 m a.s.1. at the southern and northern watershed of Mt. Shennongjia, China, were examined to determine the altitudinal pattern of plant species diversity. Mt. Shennongjia was found to have high plant species diversity, with 3 479 higher plants recorded. Partial correlation analysis and detrended canonical correspondence analysis (DCCA) based on plant species diversity revealed that altitude was the main factor affecting the spatial pattern of plant species diversity on Mt. Shennongjia and that canopy coverage of the arbor layer also had a considerable effect on plant species diversity. The DCCA based on species data of importance value further revealed that altitude gradient was the primary factor shaping the spatial pattern of plant species. In addition, the rule of the “mid‐altitude bulge” was supported on Mt. Shennongjia. Plant species diversity was closely related to vegetation type and the transition zone usually had a higher diversity. Higher plant species diversity appeared in the mixed evergreen and deciduous broadleaved forest zone (900–1500 m a.s.1.) and its transition down to evergreen broadleaved forest zone or up to deciduous broadleaved forest zone. The largest plant species diversity in whole communities on Mt. Shennongjia lay at approximately 1 200 m a.s.1. Greatest tree diversity, shrub diversity, and grass diversity was found at approximately 1 500, 1 100, and 1 200 m a.s.1., respectively. The southern watershed showed higher plant species diversity than the northern watershed, with maximum plant species diversity at a higher altitude in the southern watershed than the northern watershed. These results indicate that Mt. Shennongjia shows characteristics of a transition region. The relationship between the altitudinal pattern of plant species diversity and the vegetation type in eastern China are also discussed and a hypothesis about the altitudinal pattern of plant species diversity in eastern China is proposed.(Managing editor: Ya‐Qin HAN)