bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intramolecular Photocycloaddition of (E)-3-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-3-pentenyl 6-Cyano-9-phenanthrenecarboxylate. Temperature and Solvent Effects
Authors: Tanaka Noriyuki , Yamazaki Hiroyuki , Sakuragi Hirochika , Tokumaru Katsumi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
(E)-3-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-3-pentenyl 6-cyano-9-phenanthrenecarboxylate as well as the corresponding 9-phenanthrenecarboxylate exhibited exciplex emission and gave [2+2] photocycloadducts of the double bond with the phenanthrene 9,10 bond (a cyclobutane) and with the ester carbonyl group (an oxetane). The involvement of plural exciplex intermediates for these phenomena was proposed on the basis of the temperature and solvent dependence of quantum efficiencies of fluorescence and cycloadditions as well as of the effects of quenchers of exciplex intermediates.
Synthesis and Cation-Binding Properties of Dihydroxycrownophanes and Their Derivatives
Authors: Inokuma Seiichi , Sakai Shigefumi , Katoh Reiko , Nishimura Jun 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Dihydroxycrownophanes (2a—c) were conveniently synthesized by intramolecular [2 + 2] photocycloaddition, and their derivatives with two cation-ligating side chains (3a—6a) were also readily prepared by the reaction of 2a—c and the corresponding halides in the presence of NaH. All of the crown compounds obtained were used as ionophores in single extraction experiments of heavy metal cations including transition metal cations in a H2O–CH2Cl2 system. Although 3a did not extract any alkaline earth metal cation at pH 7.0, it showed high affinity toward Pb2+ even under acidic conditions (pH 4.7). Crownophanes (4a—c) having two 2-pyridylmethyl ligands efficiently extracted Ag+ with excellent selectivity.
Synthesis of Glucose-Sensitive Insulin-Releasing Protein Devices
Authors: Chung Dong-June , Ito Yoshihiro , Imanishi Yukio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A glucose-sensitive insulin-releasing protein device was synthesized by connecting insulin to glucose oxidase (GOD) through a disulfide linkage. Insulin was released from the device by reductive cleavage of the disulfide linkage with electrons generated upon oxidation of glucose by GOD. Some protein devices containing different amounts of insulin were synthesized by varying the feed concentration in the synthetic process. The amount of released insulin increased with the increase of insulin content in the protein device. Although using urea enhanced the amount of insulin coupled to GOD, the efficiency of insulin release did not increase. The fluorescence quenching of the protein device containing fluorescence-labelled insulin with acrylamide showed that insulin was incorporated into the interior domain of the GOD molecule by addition of urea.
Synthesis of Highly Acidic Catalysts of Tungsten Oxide Supported on Tin Oxide, Titanium Oxide, and Iron Oxide
Authors: Hino Makoto , Arata Kazushi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Solid superacid catalysts, which were active for the skeletal isomerization and cracking of isopentane, were obtained by impregnating hydroxides or amorphous oxides of Sn, Ti, and Fe with ammonium metatungstate and then calcining in air; the maximum activity was observed with calcination at 1000 °C for the material of Sn and 700 °C for those of Ti and Fe (11—13 wt% W).
Crystal and Molecular Structures of Allocinnamic Acid
Authors: Lee Ho-Hi , Senda Hitoshi , Kuwae Akio , Hanai Kazuhiko 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Crystals of allocinnamic acid having a melting point of 68 °C are monoclinic: space group P21/n with a = 10.157(4), b = 9.798(2), c = 15.770(4) Å, β = 91.35(3)°, and Z = 8. The structure was solved by direct method and refined to a final R value of 0.059 for 3832 reflections [I &gt; 3σ(I)]. There are two independent molecules (A, B) in the asymmetric unit. The two molecules are hydrogen bonded through carboxylic acid groups [O1A···O2B 2.643(5) Å, O2A···O1B 2.629(5) Å]. Geometric differences between the two molecules are found in the torsion angle around the C(phenyl)–C(olefin) bond and the olefinic C=C bond length. In the high-resolution solid-state 13C NMR spectra resonances for the C2, C3, and C4 carbons are observed as doublet features in accordance with the conformational variations observed in X-ray crystallography.
Assignments of the Deoxyribose Vibrations: Isotopic Thymidine
Authors: Tsuboi Masamichi , Ueda Toyotoshi , Ushizawa Koichi , Sasatake Yasuhiro , Ono Akira , Kainosho Masatsune , Ishido Yoshiharu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Raman spectrum of thymidine-13C5, in which five C atoms of the deoxyribose moiety are uniformly substituted with 13C atoms, has been examined in the crystalline state with 488.0 nm excitation. Some of the Raman bands were observed at appreciably shifted frequencies from those of the corresponding Raman bands of the natural thymidine, and they were assigned to some vibrations involving deoxyribose motions.
Zeolite-Assisted Oxidation of Sulfides with Sodium Bromite Trihydrate in Aprotic Solvents
Authors: Hirano Masao , Kudo Hiroyuki , Morimoto Takashi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The title oxidation of a variety of sulfides was effectively performed in dichloromethane in the presence of H+-exchanged zeolite F-9, affording the corresponding sulfoxides in good yields under mild and neutral conditions.
Support of Ultrafine Palladium Particles upon a Glassy Carbon Substrate by a Chemical Method
Authors: Takasu Yoshio , Ohashi Norio , Onoue Satoshi , Kameyama Kohichi , Yahikozawa Kiyochika 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Isolated ultrafine palladium particles prepared by a gas-evaporation method have been chemically supported on a flat glassy carbon substrate using a silane coupling agent. The modification of the ultrafine palladium particles with the silane coupling agent was confirmed by FT-IR spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The supported palladium particles did electrochemical sorption–desorption of hydrogen in an acidic solution.
Kinetic Studies of the Catalytic Oxygen Exchange of Chromate Ions with Water by Periodate Ions
Authors: Okumura Akiko , Kitani Mie , Murata Michiyo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The oxygen exchange reaction between chromate ions and water is catalyzed by the addition of a small amount of periodate ions. The catalytic reaction has been studied by using 18O tracer work (0 °C, pH = 8—12, [Cr(VI)] = 0.075 mol dm−3, [I(VII)] = 10−5 mol dm−3) and an 17O NMR line broadening technique(30 °C, pH = 4—6, [Cr(VI)] = 1 mol dm−3, [I(VII)] = 0.043 mol dm−3). The catalytic process has been interpreted in terms of the reversible condensation of chromate ions with periodate ions to form chromatoperiodate ions. The rate law is given as: Rc = k1[HCrO4−][H4IO6−] + k2[HCrO4−][H3IO62−] + k3[CrO42−][H4IO6−] + k4[CrO42−][H3IO62−], where Rc is defined as the increase in the rate of the oxygen exchange of chromate upon the addition of periodate ions. The catalytic rates were analyzed according to the rate law to obtain the values of the rate constants (k1−k4); k1, k2, and k3 are on the order of magnitude of 103—104 mol−1 dm3 s−1, and k4 = 5 mol−1 dm3 s−1 at 0 °C. For the reaction between H3IO62− and CrO42−, the energy and entropy of activation were obtained to be 26 kJ mol−1 and −143 J K−1 mol−1, respectively.
Charge-Transfer Complexation in Aqueous Polyelectrolyte Solution. I. Complexation between Dimethoxyanthracenesulfonate Ion and Anthraquinonesulfonate Ion
Authors: Itaya Tomoyuki , Kawabata Yoshiya , Ochiai Hiroshi , Ueda Kazuyoshi , Imamura Akira 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Absorption and fluorescence spectroscopic studies on the charge-transfer (CT) complexation between 9,10-dimethoxyanthracene-2-sulfonate ion (DMACS−) and 9,10-anthraquinone-2-sulfonate ion (AQS−) in aqueous solution were performed in the presence of poly(allylammonium chloride) (PAAH+Cl−), as well as in its absence. No spectroscopic indication of the CT complex was recognized by mixing Na+DMACS− (1 × 10−4 M) with Na+AQS− (1 × 10−4 M), but the addition of PAAH+Cl− to the mixed solution brought about the CT complexation. On the other hand, in the absence of PAAH+Cl−, DMACS− and AQS− also form the CT complex when their concentrations become ca. 1 × 10−3 M. Therefore, the CT complexation between DMACS− and AQS− in PAAH+Cl− solution can be attributed to a close proximity of DMACS−–AQS− pairs, which results from the electrostatic binding of them by the polyions. The continuous variation method for the CT band indicated that a 1 : 2 (DMACS− : AQS−) complex and a 1 : 1 complex were preferentially formed in the presence and absence of PAAH+Cl−, respectively. The above results show that the high electrostatic potential of PAAH+ affects the complexation, especially the stoichiometry.
Catalytic Conversion of Alkyl Acetate into Alkene and Acetic Acid over Iron(III) Ion-Exchanged H-Mordenite
Authors: Ichikawa Tsuneki , Hosokawa Hideyuki , Yoshida Hiroshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The iron(III) ion in H-mordenite was found to act as a very strong oxidizing agent. It accelerates the conversion of alkyl acetate into alkene and acetic acid by withdrawing an electron from the coordinated alkyl acetate. It also oxidizes water into proton and oxygen, and benzene into benzene radical cation.
Reaction Pathway and Selective Hydrogenation on Catalyst Derived from Oxidation Treatment of Mg2Cu Alloy
Authors: Chikamatsu Nobuyasu , Tagawa Tomohiko , Goto Shigeo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A catalyst derived from oxidation treatment of Mg2Cu alloy was studied in a gas-phase continuous-flow reactor under atmospheric pressure to investigate the specific selectivity for hydrogenation. In order to propose the reaction pathways for hydrogenation of long chain unsaturated ester, reactivities of characteristic functional groups were tested.
The reactions of ester and aldehyde groups showed higher selectivity to alcohols than to paraffins. We concluded from competitive reactions of two reactants that hydrogenation of unsaturated bond group was inhibited by the adsorption of ester or aldehyde group.
The effect of partial pressure on each reaction rate was summarized into the Langmuir equation. The main route to unsaturated alcohol and reasons for the increased selectivity to alcohol are discussed.
Pressure Effect on the Inter- and Intramolecular Vibrations of Hexachlorobenzene Crystal
Authors: Sadakuni Gouki , Maehara Masayoshi , Kawano Hiroshi , Nibu Yoshinori , Shimada Hiroko , Shimada Ryoichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The effect of pressure on the Raman active inter- and intramolecular vibrations of the hexachlorobenzene crystal was studied under hydrostatic pressure up to 5.5 GPa. The Raman frequencies of the inter- and intramolecular vibrations increased monotonically and some bands due to the degenerate intramolecular vibrations were resolved into doublets with increasing pressure. The pressure-induced frequency shift and factor group splitting of the bands due to the intramolecular vibrations were calculated using an intermolecular potential of the atom–atom type. These results show that (1) no phase transition takes place in the crystal under pressure up to 5.5 GPa, (2) the observed pressure-induced frequency shift is mainly caused by the repulsive force between chlorine atoms belonging to the adjacent molecules, and (3) the observed splitting of the bands due to the degenerate intramolecular vibrations is caused by the different intermolecular force acting to the a and b vibrational modes.
N-Nitroso and C-Nitro Derivatives from Di-(2-pyridyl)amine and Butyl Nitrite
Authors: Giumanini Angelo G , Poiana Marco , Verardo Giancarlo , Strazzolini Paolo , Tolazzi Marilena , Cerioni Giovanni 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The reaction between di-(2-pyridyl)amine and butyl nitrite produced N-nitrosodi-(2-pyridyl)amine, (5-nitro-2-pyridyl)-2-pyridylamine and (3-nitro-2-pyridyl)-2-pyridylamine of which the likely conformations are evinced from spectral data. Structural elucidation of N-nitrosodi-(2-pyridyl)amine in the solid state by X-ray diffraction excluded any substantial contribution of the rings to resonance structures.
Further Investigations on Polar Substituent Effects on the NMR Chemical Shifts of N-Acylanilines and Related Compounds. Correlation Analytical Approach and Solvent Effects
Authors: Yuzuri Tomoaki , Suezawa Hiroko , Hirota Minoru 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The 1H, 13C, and 15N chemical shifts of various substituted anilides of the carboxylic and sulfonic acids ZNHC6H4Y (Z = C6H5CO, CH3CO, CF3CO, and CH3SO2) and related compounds were correlated with σ and related substituent constants. The ρ-values from the Hammett type plots of the chemical shifts were shown to provide some important information concerning the polarization of the amide chromophore. The solvent effect on ρ showed the fact that the local π-polarization of an amide is strengthened in polar or hydrogen-donating solvents.
Synthesis and Reactions of Monosilylated 1,3,5-Hexatriyne and 1,3,5,7-Octatetrayne. Total Synthesis of Caryoynencins
Authors: Yamaguchi Masahiko , Park Hyeon-Joo , Hirama Masahiro , Torisu Kazuhiko , Nakamura Shigeo , Minami Toru , Nishihara Hiroshi , Hiraoka Tetsuo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Selective monodesilylation of 1,8-bis(t-butyldiphenylsilyl)-1,3,5,7-octatetrayne and 1,6-bis(t-butyldiphenylsilyl)-1,3,5-hexatriyne with lithiated phenylacetylene gave unstable 1-(t-butyldiphenylsilyl)-1,3,5,7-octatetrayne and 1-(t-butyldiphenylsilyl)-1,3,5-hexatriyne, respectively. The terminal acetylenes on lithiation added to aldehydes and a ketone giving polyynols in high yields. The reaction was applied to the synthesis of polyyne antibiotics, caryoynencins. Polymerization of the terminal octatetrayne on an ITO-coated glass plate gave a film, which showed conductivity of 10−4 S cm−1 when doped with SO3.
Implications of a Transition State in a Diels–Alder Reaction in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Ikushima Yutaka , Saito Norio , Sato Osamu , Arai Masahiko 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
For the Diels–Alder reaction between isoprene and methyl acrylate in supercritical carbon dioxide at 323 K, the solubility parameter of the activated complex was determined as a function of the pressure, ranging from 7 to 20 MPa, in order to study the nature of the complex and the effect of the solvent on the reaction. The relation between the solubility parameter and the ET(30)-scale was examined as well.
Electrocrystallization of Quinhydrone
Authors: Awano Hiroshi , Sakai Shoji , Kuriyama Takashi , Ohba Yoshihiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Quinhydrone crystals were deposited at 2.0 V vs. Ag onto SnO2-coated glass substrates from aqueous solutions of hydroquinone in the presence of NaCl, HCl, or NaOH. The crystals were observed with backscattered image SEM, and characterized with X-ray diffraction and IR spectroscopy. In situ visible absorption spectra were measured and a mechanism of deposition is discussed.
Practical Synthesis of Palladium Bis(trifluoromethanesulfonate) and Its Application to the Synthesis of Palladium Complexes
Authors: Murata Shizuaki , Ido Yoshiyuki 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Palladium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonate) is usually prepared from the reaction of palladium dinitrate or diacetate and trifluoromethanesulfonic acid. Reactions of palladium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonate) with various ligands (L and/or X−) give corresponding palladium(II) complexes, such as [Pd(CF3SO3)2L2] and [PdX2L2].
Preparation of Linear Oligoaniline Derivatives Using Titanium Alkoxide as a Condensing Agent
Authors: Ochi Miyoko , Furusho Hitoshi , Tanaka Jun 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Linear oligoaniline derivatives were prepared by the reaction of aromatic amines and phenols using various titanium alkoxides as condensing agents. The oligomers obtained were silver white microscopic crystals. Titanium alkoxides used were titanium alkoxide or titanium alkoxide aryloxide and the latter showed high dehydration condensation activity in comparison with the usual titanium alkoxides.
One-Pot Synthesis of Ethyl 3-(2-Hydroxyalkyl)aminoalkanoates by Ring Opening of 1,3-Oxazolidines Using Reformatsky Reagent
Authors: Nishiyama Tomihiro , Kishi Hiroshi , Kitano Kouji , Yamada Fukiko 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Oxazolidines, obtained by the condensation of aldehydes with 2-anilino-1-alkanols, react with the Reformatsky reagent derived from ethyl bromoacetate under mild reaction conditions to afford ethyl 3-(2-hydroxyalkyl)aminoalkanoates.
A NEW METHOD OF ESTIMATING CATAPHORETIC VELOCITY IN A CONCENTRATED SUSPENSION
Authors: Komagata Sakuji 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The results of the weight method coinside well with those of U-tube method. Although there are many points to be improved in the present apparatus, the author believes that the method is of some value, as it is, for the reason that there are few methods for the measurement of cataphoretic velocity in a heavily concentrated suspension. The author has designed the apparatus operating automatically under the same principle, results of which will be reported in a near future.
THE RELATION BETWEEN KOLBE’S REACTION AND HYDROGEN ION CONCENTRATION. THE MECHANISM OF KOLBE’S REACTION
Authors: Matsuda Hamilton Ryoichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
(1) The relation between ethane and oxidizing substances in the solutions formed by the electrolyses of acetate solutions is discussed.
(2) It is demonstrated that acetyl peroxide is first formed at the anode, and that ethane is one of its decomposition products.
(3) The presence of hydrogen peroxide in the solutions after electrolysis is attributed to the following hydrolyses of acetyl peroxide: (CH_3·COO)_2+H_2O &=CH_3·COOH+CH_3·COOOH,
CH_3·COOOH+H_2O &=CH_3·COOH+H_3O_2. (4) It is discussed how the formation of hydrogen peroxide is related to the pH value of the solution on the one hand and to the concentration of the solution on the other.
(5) The relation existing between the ethane and the hydrogen peroxide formations is also discussed.
(6) It is concluded that the facts observed in the experiments so far carried out by the writer can well be explained by assuming the intermediate formation of acetyl peroxide.
THE ACTIVITY COEFFICIENT OF ZINC SULPHATE FROM ELECTROMOTIVE FORCE MEASUREMENTS
Authors: Masaki Kosaku , Ikkatai Takuo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
1. Electromotive forces of the cell, Zn–Hg (sat amalgam) |ZnSO4(m), Hg2SO4(s)| Hg, were measured at 25°C. in the range of the concentrations of 0.0004321 to 3 molal.
2. The electromotive force of higher dilutions is quite abnormal owing to the solubility of mercurous sulphate.
3. The mean activity coefficients of zinc sulphate for more concentrated parts were calculated by using the Cowperthwaite and LaMer’s data about dilute solutions. The potential E0 of the cell, when ion activities of zinc sulphate are hypothetically one molal, was found to be 1.37475 volt at 25°C.
STUDIES ON REACTIONS BETWEEN GAS AND SOLID. IV. AZOTATION OF CALCIUM CARBIDE AND THE EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON ITS VELOCITY
Authors: Aono Takeo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The effect of temperature elevation to the velocity of azotation of powdered calcium carbide (with 1% CaF2) has experimentally been determined.
1. At a constant temperature lower than about 950°C., the following relation was found:
(Remark: Graphics omitted.)
where nt means the degree of azotation (in %) after a time t, and n∞ the final and maximum value of nt; k5 and t′ are constants.
2. At a constant temperature between about 1000 and 1060°C., the common monomolecular course was found, namely: n_t=n_∞{1-e^-k^′_4(t+t^′)}where k4′ being a velocity constant.
3. At any temperature there is a maximum in the velocity; the time and the degree of azotation at the maximum point increase with rising temperatures. The following approximate relation was found between them.
(Remark: Graphics omitted.)
where Y is the degree of azotation at the maximum of the velocity, T the absolute temperature, and A and B constants.
4. From the temperature coefficient of the velocity constant, the apparent heat of activation for a powdered technical carbide (with 1% CaF2) was calculated to be about 58.6 Cal./mol. at temperatures between 1000° and 1060°C., and about 33 Cal./mol. above 1080°C.
STUDIES ON REACTION BETWEEN GAS AND SOLID. VI. AZOTATION OF CALCIUM CARBIDE AND THE EFFECT OF CATALYSERS ON ITS VELOCITY
Authors: Aono Takeo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The effects of some catalytic substances to the velocity of azotation of both powdered and “granular” carbide were experimentally determined.
1. There is an optimum quantity of calcium fluoride to be added to the carbide to get the highest velocity of azotation, the quantity of which is a function of both carbide and reaction temperature.
2. The added substances not only have some influence upon the velocity, but also change the characteristics of the velocity curves of azotation.
3. Carbon and carbon containing substances or those which sets carbon free from carbide show strong catalytic action to the azotation of calcium carbide. The opinion that the nascent carbon must be acting as a catalyser is supported.
ON THE COPPER AGE IN ANCIENT CHINA
Authors: D\={o}no Tsurumatsu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
(1) Three specimens of ancient Chinese spear-heads which are said unearthed from. Yin site ((Remark: Graphics omitted.)) were analysed, and it was found that they consist mainly of copper added with certain quantities of lead and contain no significant amount of tin.
(2) From the chemical studies, all these spear-heads are by no means of bronze and they are regarded as the first pure copper implements ever discovered in China.
(3) The prevailing opinion which negates the existence of the pure copper age in ancient China must thus be abandoned, and the existence of the copper age in China must be admitted.
(4) It is supposed that if these specimens were actually manufactured in Yin dynasty ((Remark: Graphics omitted.)), the pure copper age in China existed at about Yin dynasty ((Remark: Graphics omitted.)), and the beginning of the bronze age followed that age.
CONCENTRATION CELL WITH TERNARY ELECTROLYTE
Authors: Masaki Kosaku 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
(1) The electromotive forces of the concentration cells with ternary electrolytes were studied by the three methods.
(a) At anion reversible cell with mercury electrode.
(b) At anion reversible cell with silver electrode.
(c) At the cation reversible cell with amalgam electrode.
(2) Several equations were theoretically obtained to calculate the electromotive forces of the cells above mentioned.
(3) Mobilities at 30°C. and activity coefficients of chlorine, zinc, calcium, barium, strontium and magnesium ions were calculated.
(4) We had a very good agreement between measured electromotive forces and calculated ones in the very dilute solutions.
SOME EXPERIMENTS WITH PEROWSKITE (CaO·TiO2) AND TITANITE (CaO·TiO2·SiO2)
Authors: Iwasé Keizô , Fukusima Masaji 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
In the experimental study of the equilibrium of the system consisting of calcium silicate, CaO·SiO2, and titanium dioxide, TiO2, calcium titanate, a compound belonging to the other system has often been found in the crystallized mass of a compound CaO·TiO2·SiO2, calcium titanium silicate, and hence thorough investigation of the crystallization of calcium titanate and calcium titanium silicate was carried out before the determination of the equilibrium of the above mentioned system. These two compounds were synthesized from their components and their X-ray patterns were taken by the Debye–Scherrer method, and using these photographs as the standard, the condition has been fully determined in which these two compounds separate out from the melt. Microscopic study with a reflected light has also been applied for the identification of these two compounds. The stabilities of these two compounds were also investigated by several methods. Finally, the melting point of calcium titanium silicate was determined by the cooling curve method in which supercooling of the melt was prevented by seeding.